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Ҷʮϣӵ߳սŲʬǣɱյۣ֮
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001 û
ʱ֣һƬտң£˿Ŵأ¶Ȳ֪ѳʮȡ
ʮȵĸ¶ЩŻ¯֮ƵĳвڴжεɽǻƻŮϻΣͷһء
£Ҷһƾɵĺɫͽڹ·һࡣ
Ҷһװҵĸͷȳƣһͷɫ̷Ƿ¶µļ˸ŹͭɫĹϵİɫ·γһķ
էһȥҶڸ·ϸһȴɢ
û
һ˶ҪɡҶһţƺͷպʮȵĸ¶ûκɱ
˾ǣϸȥᷢûһ˿顣
õҪˡ
Ƭ̺Ҷǰɽ·Ƶ̾˿֪ԼɽɫĶϽ˴˳ˣʱָɽ䡣
ϲġ
ζͬѧ椣䣬䣬䡣
εΡ
͵ҶƵͬʱѵԽҰӺʻ֮
Ҷߵ·һԣǺ·ȴҲûие֡
ΪļУڹȥһЩвͼɽݷϼһ߷ǸĲǺǳƺ֤ͨţĹٳ
ֻǡ
ǰʷƽʱĳλǰϼһ֮⣬ϼһһëҲû
ιǰɽ𣿡
ܿ죬ǰʻҶԣ򿪣һöŮӳڴ
ҶΪصƣԷһòҲûУѹûᣬ·
ι㻰أ
ٴȻûò˵żĿǡ
Ҹ𣿡
Ҷüͷһͣ½Ų̧ͷˡ
ӳһű׼Ĺü΢ͦӣС˫鶯β裬էһȥӰӾеഺŮǸСеı˼ֿɰζǶ˼ֽ
˭ˣֻǰǲɽ
ȻҶûĻҶһԴĿԼŮǰһĿԲֱӲɲ
ǼȲ죬ûòΪʲôҪ㣿ҶƲƲ죺ѲŮȨ
㡭ô
Ů죬Сʻ֮УߵкŮһţҶģ
ۿŮҶһԲȥᣬͷߡ
ѵ
Ů״ֱۣ³ˤֱ죬ҶıӰȵվס
Ҷǵûͣ£ÿһľ붼˵һ£ȫŮĻ˿
վס
㡭
С㣬ȥɡ
Ժ󣬾͵ŮҪǰ׷Ҷʱһ˴Ӻ·£ֹŮľٶ
ʸ·ʲô
ŮԣҲʶԼûټҶıӰ󺰣ھǿʹȻȴǲԸϴ
״пЦѡ
֪ԼλСţСʻ֮Уǰǳʷĺƽٵʱ˵ͷһ·˳˳ˮԹˣһЩСƢ
ȶԣм·ĴСһˣͬ޷ӵеĳ첻˵Ƿݳš侲ĳμ⵶Ϊ֮ա
ȻҲ֪С֮Աֵ˽ȫΪĴСĲ顣
Сֵܣһ¡
Ц֮࣬ȴǰմСķԸ׷ǰȥҶıӰһ

ͬʱΪСŮ˴ӳ£ΪϵһܲõȫŮòֻɫףĿⰵȫƽǰޡ߹󣬵˪һ㣬ȫˡ
ܰ㣬ôˣ
ԣתŮ³̲סһ֪Լýβ鷢ʮأǰ֪ҽԺ޷β˵νҽѧר̡
ɹɹ̫Щ
ȿĴ粻ͬܰϴһɫĴ£ԼøƵģȻˣĽȻ΢΢زţƺ²ʮȣ¶ʮȡ
״Ȧһ죬ǰסŮ˵ĸ첲ǻ㣬ûµģҽһκĲ
ܰ΢΢̾ϢһĿͶǰ
ǰҶ˸ĺ׷ͣ½Ųת
ת˲䣬ҶȻһŮ˴źĴ£վ´Ŷ¡
ͫ΢΢ŴһղŮĶԻԼµʲôȴҿ϶ֻɻؿŮˡ
˼ҼҶСղʧˡ
Ҷͷûһ˿飬΢΢һ֪Ҷͨˣ֮ǰΪ
ûϵ⡣
ΪɽҶʵ磬Ҳѧ˴򽻵ʱʮֿջĿ⣬΢Цҡҡͷ
Сֵܣǰɽɣ
ۿҶû˿æʵ
ɽǻɽ֪֮٣ҪȷԼһûҴطܰĲͻˡ
Ҷͷ
Сֵܣ㿴ȥͨˣȻɽΪҽɣԥһ£̽Եһ䡣
ռһ˺ܴŴҽĹ֮أҴӸռṩϢλ֪Ƨ°ӲˣǰЩҽ˾ʧ顣
ղţҶͨ˲˵ҿȥҲҪȥɽһҶʶӴܹϣ
Ҷȴûмڻش𸣲ĻٴνĿͶǰŮԼ
壬ˡֱԣĲͷβˡ
˫Ҷ϶ежϣżɽ

û뵽Ҷһ𸴣ǸʲҲǾĿɿڴ
ͬʱܰҲҶĻܰϣ˲䵭࣬ȴûнǷʧ¶ϣֻ۽Ǽ΢˼¡
˵˵ʲôأ
ԭͺҶۣʱҶ˵ҽҲȲԼý㣬ŭصҶ
ͷβˣΡ
ҶֱĴСƢðҲܼȣοܰǰֳĴΪ͡
ҽβõĲΣ
˵ղҶĻ˶ֻ˵Ļôʱ˿ҶĻһը죡
£ҲãҲգܰǾԼЩ·
һһ˵ֻǵɴ۾Ҷ
ôؿš


002 α꣬α
ҽ
ȴлعŵؿҶ㵱ǰ׳հ
ǲǰ׳Ҳ֪̫ˡҶбһۣʵʵ͵Ļһ
ССֵܣҼСĲ
ۿҶһģżֹ°ȻҶղŵľ֮׼Ҷ򵥣Ϊ˷ֹðҶæԲ
βΣһ仰
Ҷüͷ΢΢һСһִ󣬹ټ̳Ƿݹ°ۿԷһٶػԼҽЩá
ãҽܰȣΪǸղŵǸΣԭǵʧ̬ʵĻ̫ˡ
ҶڣܰǰһҽܣȻ͸ղŵǸ˵䣬ԭ޹ӿֳ
ֻǡ
Ϊ̽¹ûбͷԣǿԼ侲ʵȻ˵Ҳҽ֪ҵõʲô
ܰ⻰һڣҲγѣ̾С侲治Ǹǵģֻһ仰ֱܷҶڴţб¡
ǸҲһ㣬Ŭѹŭûͬܰ͸һֱضҶ
ʱ˵ʮȣ㴩¾ӹҽҲܿʲôɣ
͸˲ͬҶȴǾܰʻڡ˿ӷƨһ١̫ʢѾܵһ̶ȵˣץʱƣ֮ǡ
ͨһЩҩƣڵͬСɣЩҩܿƲ鷢չѾȫˣܹҵ˵еĻ
Ҷܰ٩٩̸ֻǣʣǰѵһĻҲֻα꣬α
˵ҽĲ
ۿҶ֮˵ͷͷǵҲ˶ҶĻɣȲؿѯʡ
ȾȻܰԣҶǵСìܿԺԲơ
ԭʣû뵽ȣ½ŵס˺
һš侲ܰҲǽһᵽɤϣŲҰ׵ȫռݡ
Ǹоͷ·ˮ֮ץһžݣ
α꣬α
Ҷٷϻֱ⣬Ǽ֮壬Ѫʢ˵̺֮ŨȫܰڵҪ׸ֻܰз¡
ʲʲô
ԣõԲ۾ǲ˼ؿҶǸо·ԼĶǲǳ⣡
ͬʱܰϵļű˲̣ȡ֮ױȵ𾪣
ƺҲû뵽ոһ˷緶ҶһϷʵĴ𸴣
֣
£
ǿⲻǸβˣå
ҪþڵͱмӴ
ۿ˱ԭأҶʶԼĻЩףͼ
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ϣȴӾлعֻа׵ָָҶŭåԶ㣡
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ҶһۣͼҶȴҶĿû˿аƽû˿ĺ档
åٲߣֱС㲻ˣ
֮ǰͶҶˬ֮ȻҶĸ˷緶סҶġ󾵲𴩡Ҷӡֱӵ˹ȵףҶͼƭܰŭˡ

ҶĿû˿аСܿѧܰҲҶ˵ķܹĲΪˣֹȻҶллղŵϣ߰ɡ
Ҷԣ֪ܰҲԼĻ޻̸֮εʼ磬ûȤֱתȥ
ܰ㣬Ϊֳåֵã㲻Ҫˡ
·ԱߣͼܰȻûзԼҶ
ܰδشֻĿҶʧǰ·һԵ
С㣬С˵öԣûҪĻϡ
Ǹ׼Ҷ򵥣Ҳ޷Ҷβʽͬһҽ϶κôСĲ
˵öԡ
æ͵ܰ㣬룬ǰDestroyʷĺƽ٣ҽҩƣѾˡҽֿDestroyҩﶼƳβ׾ٵ£
˵İοܰа̾˿
֪ǰǳƽ٣ҩƣоֿDestroyҩַ࣬ı䣬ٶұֱΪġˡŷˡáˡˣлΪƳҩһԾΪİף
˵ǻĵӢۣӢۣ
Ҫ˵һССռҺ¾ЩȨ߼˶ÿͿ
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ĳ˵Ĳ²û
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Ҷ


003 һһ
Ϧ£ߵձȾͨ죬ɽϵĻľһɫһ㣬ճһĻ
Ըܹ֪Ѷˡ
ҶƾɵĺɫվһɽͷڸӽµľɫȴڿµԻ
һִΪҽʵϲֻҽ費ǳŶݼסѧŶ漰
Щٹ˲ǼѹҲסԻΧɽϹתƣֻʧȥ
໣
͵ҶʱһǺ𣬴ɽԭеİ
Сǣ
ͻǺҶعɫһϲæĵطȥȻһֻǳԼɱٶȼ졣
ءء
ܿģСǱҶڵĵطؽţΧҶӴȦȻƤצڿУǸо·ڸҶ˵
˰ɣ
Ҷ΢ЦŶӣǰС˳˱紵ҵëȻĴСǵӡ
ҶСȫʧȥԭеײУƤһһߡءصͺһͷҶơ
СǶԼҶůġ
ԣɽĶôһȻǴСϼһαǰСˡ
Сʮһѩҹ񵽵ģʱСǸոճãĸΪ˸ҳԵģʧ¡
һϢСǴϼһסȻСǡ
֮СǽһԴΪǽСǵԼС顣
ٴˣҪѧὲ
ҶЦСĨѣϵĿˮϰԵʵϼһڰɣ
СȴöҶ˼ϼһصصͷ
ߣϼһȥ
ҶվСǵԴһɽСǡءһ
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յżľݣһľ⣬ͷ׵ϣһӵ鼮鼫Ϊרע
ϼһҲڰ
ݣۿǱĿбӣȫԼ˿Ҷû
˰
ҶĻ紫ԸƧŹֵûǽղΪİˡĹ鶪ϣЦеؿҶеĺɫʣ˰ɣ
װˣ
ҶСһִϰǰûûСֻ˸ۣǶһ㽫еĺɫһѣðŷմӵŵ𣿡
СӶƨ
ӹɫͳһ룬䵽ЩϲղصķУǻֱЦȥ
ϼһҼǵǰЩûʲôȤôȤ
ۿǸԼİһ룬Ҷʳеɻġ͡ҪЩŶЩп°ѵ򷭸׳ҲŪ
Ѫа
ȻҶĻϵЦһԺЦһ䣬ƺʲô
۾ѡ
εúܺãȴҶ׽ˣٺЦţͼĻһֱϼһܶ¡
СǷǰɣ
УҫһҸұʲô
Ҷһģһ¶ϼһ̵ģĿǰѧϼһﱬ֮⣬ʤ

ԣ˲õĻ䣬Щ̡
ҶȴЦе˵ϼһ¡
Ǵﵽ쾳磬̸Ҷ˵֮´ҶĻ
졭죬찡ѾżϿ˿ˣʲôʱǸͷҶĴţơ
С͸߹߷Ϊ֣֮컹Ǻ죬Ϊšɡ۷塢Բĸ硣
Լ˵ǰ̤ԲˣͨǾԵĸ֣ѧ綼ǿߣֻǡҪֻдﵽ쾳ſɷɽ
ֻǡ
ڹȥ֮УŬ޷̤쾳硣
Ϊ˰ڹȥжȥִм޵ͼڲҵɱͻƣ޼¡
ҶһƵģûǰҶǺ¶һӵı飬Ŀ˸
һ̣ƺʲô


004 Ůħ
峿һƳϼᴩ˶ʣɽµĺĺϣüͷšһ¶ĵǡ
ƺ˯ȻڵܰĲ顣
ʵȷˡ
ǵִɽºͼɽȥסʧɽ֮С
ܰ㣬׼뿪
Ȼ䣬оѣһӣȦ죬鱯

ղŵһֻξŴĴظͼַʽѹ
ͬʱһҹδߵĸ첽ߵ˺ԣôų򿪳󣬹ĵʣС㣬û°ɣ
ûû¡
ÿϸǵף򿪳ţҡҡͷȻʣܰأû°ɣ
С㻹ûѡ
̾˿ܰһһҹδߣֱʱ˯š
Ǹտܰ㣬Һͺɽҽסܰ˯˿
С㣬ûд¿㣬ͲҪɽˣѾСȥˡ
˵䣬ؿϡ첲ϲһѪۣЩѪ۶ɽϱ̵ֲƵġ
⵹ΪûеɽҰ澭顪ռүӵİţɸպռұܰǰڡδռүӵ˽Կ׷ǡ
ܰİΣɵȽЩʲôֻźЩ
һɽɣҪһ˿Щһִŵ
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㣬ģһҵҽģǲܰӽۣ
ǰС㣬ֻҪҵҽĲˡ
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ΪҲΪĸ׺͵ܵܡ
ԴӼǰĸΪ뿪ĸסܵռҵĵλһǧɲ˵ֱǰҵռүӵİŽӹռһСֲҵɼ󣬲ŵõơ
Ϊ飬һҳ׵Լˣǳƽĸ׻ǲµĵܵδʲô
šˡ
͵ܰͷһΪ¶˱ͬʱȻһɫڳɽʻ
ܰԣ׷׿ȥ
ɧү𣿡
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֮˿϶ΪҶһǱһִġ
ҶͬǣҶСʱ򣬱뿪ֻżҶ
ԭռŮ
ΪܰתԵʣŮϳܰȴûие֣ƺ֪ܰĿġ
Ҳҽ𣿡
źɫ·ʻ̲סаԼ󲻵ȻھǰԶĵطͣ£һŮ˴ӳ¡
׼ȷ˵һƯŮˡ
һͷƮݵɫٲͷкʣ׼Ķ쵰µһ𣬸һּΪĸо˫һǳ
Ů˵ĳԣҲ˿ѷɫǰʥŮ߸𣬽ԭɵ˶ƽ̹Сγǿҵĸߵһ˫޳ֱϸ߸ȹ˵Ĵɱ
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һòʹŮˣ
С㣿
Ů³ܰͫ΢΢ŴŲҰ׵һ˿棬̲סһ
ڹȥ굱УΪֵռҲҵϣ˽ܲáŮкܵĳƺţʱʱϯһЩҪᣬǰĳСйΣϤֻ֪СྩˣྩһЩӸħ󡯣ʮء
ãС㡣
ʵΪҼŮˣ΢΢׻ӦȻʵΪҽɣ
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ǰȥ˵һֲֹĴҽ
ڱһԣʵϣһμܰ󣬱㷢ܰǼ֮壬ʱܹܰڵѾ˼ΪֲĵزٲѹƵĻᶪ
ԭܰȻʣС㣬Ҳҽ𣿡
ţҰҽ
˵ͷѣܰΣ˵ĹϵԶԶﲻ¶ݵĵز
ʸ֪ϵˣ޼
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ҡͷҲܼҽá˵ҽӲˣ
㣬Ҹһɽȥҽɣ
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һѾͷ
ԣ΢΢һȴûп
һ棬ûȨ˽Դܰһɽȥߣ֮£ܹǰռŮĳҶ֮⣬ºҳڶˡ
٣Ŀǰû˵仹еڶǼ֮壡


005 Ľᣬ
֪䣬ѽ𣬳ϼ졣
£ϥʯϵҶ۾һҹ
ֻͨͨȭѵȷʽͬѳΪԲǿߵҶҪʽڤ롣
νڤ룬ָҪƽľͨϢÿˮһڽһһ֮䣬屻ϴӣۻ౻֪ųǡøΪǿѪʢ
ۻͬʱѪʢͬʱᱻתΪ
Զɱȣ
Ҳֱӵ£ܷڤǷΪߵı־ѧһ仰˵һղڤ룬һղߡ޷ڤ룬Ͳڲֻͨɱ
һԣֻдﵽɾ󣬲ڤ룬ҲųһЩѧţոŵʱڤ롣
ĳ˵ҶܰЩνѧű衣
ΪСʱڤˣ
ʱԺһΪĹ
һĹͬŹǵ飬Ϣ֮޾ʽ
Ҷں棬šϢк׾ٵѧڤ롣
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ҶҲֳ츳ͳ֪Ǳľˣǲµеԭûٸеȡ
ء
ƷСǣҶ˫ۣ˷ܵؽ
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ҶЦСǵԴľݣ׼Сȥˮ
ڤһҶÿ顪ڤڵľﵽ״̬뽫йȥԴγѭӶﵽʵĿġ
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ȻΪ˾ȻСǣҶһԸСι˲ٺҩģСǵʣСǵٶԶͨǿ죬Ҷֱ
ΪˣҶΪչСǣֻܿٶȡ
ո߸ʱҶСٲڡ
ԼȥҰ㣿
ҶˮͰЦеؿСǣСǵԼС飬ÿСһʱķɡ
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СǿصԾر˫ۣ֫һţǡˮ˶ǡһ·ٲ¡
ˡ
ҶЦһС¡
ͨ
ͨ
һһǷ׷·ˮ̶Уˮ
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ǵСǣ̽ԴͺһȻצˮҶǸо·ڱҶˮ
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ҶЦһǽˮͰ׵ߣȻ˫ŷһţ˲ִСԣһѽСˮ

ӣСǲŴҶѣǴڴڴŴȻͰ͵ؿҶģءء
ֿʼˣ
ҶЦŽС§뻳Уָͷ̲ס̾Сǣ⼸ңҪҶ֪ô
˵䣬ҶԺвֳ˷еľ
Сǣ֪ܴ󡢺ܾʡ֣и¥зɻкܶĶ磬ôˣ඼ѧУ飬ȴѧҵǻμӹӡ
Ҷ˵ţǹ˲õĻ䣬ԵøɬҸǲͬҲѧ̸Լĸĸ˭֪
СǸܵҶĹ¶ʧ䣬ͷҶĶԣƺַʽοҶ
ʦ˵ĳҽԺҵģұĸˡ
ܵСǵİοҶ̲סԳЦҲĻҲͬһڶѧɣ
Сǣ˵ǼȻԸҪңΪʲôҪأ
Ҷ̧ͷտգ֮¶ıˣѯСǣԼһҪɽҵǣ׿ڸ⵽Ϊʲô
£ҶıѲٱˣȡ֮һᶨ
ǷݼᶨҲı䣡

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Ĭ
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š
ʦСӦ쾳µһ˰ɣͷ뵽Ҷַͨʽ
ԣԺﲻֳҶΪɽģ
ʦͻ쾳粻ھĶ٣ҲڶԾĿжôкͶѧĸ򡣡
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ʦģС֪ô
ĻóЦѣͬʱҲڴڴҶڷһ籩


006 
ʱҶͰˮľݷɱСǴŴں棬ԭ׺дơ
֮䣬ˮͰеˮȻû
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ҶϲһϲȻСʱ뿪ʱʱˣ⣬Ψһˡ
Сƨ˭ʦ㣿С̣ԣѵȷʵԵҶĽ㣬ǡ۱֣Ҷĳ
䣬ֻҴʮ꣬һʦƾʲôҺ̣ҶȴǲԳһףǺܲмط˸ۡ
һҶеˣСǰûûСڳǰҲһܶʱϷ
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Уϼһ˻ҫʲôҶƲƲ죬ƺڳвһҲûϡ
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ҶС˼ǴСһ㣬ЦеСƨ˵ν񣬿ɽܳʱ䣬𣿡
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˵Сӵ׶˼ҹʲô񹲷ߵˣеİ֮𳹵ȼա
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ٴοڣȴһӹɵĸоȻûҽҽտóֲ

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ݵ𾪹һ޷ݵļ͸УܰҲǼûǰ׳۵ʥŮ»ζֹ
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֪еҽյġå֪Ƿ񻹻˸м


007 ɽ
ڶʱܰص˺
ܺһֱʮǻԴӻصλںϪõ԰ܰŲŲһ϶ǴڴϣŶŻǵޱ
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ܰõ𣿡
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š
ĸĨ˰ᣬذܰһǰҵͷ
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ڹȥΪܰռҲֲҵǳɫռҴռҵĵλ˵ΪռүǰĴˣռүӲֹһܰӽѵշ
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շһ˸׵˼ܰ˹ʺ˲Լүүһйشʷ˽ӹռҡû˸ұ֤ܰĲǷ񻹻Ḵ
οܰŮ

ȻɽϵҶ֪Լ˴񲻵ܰռҵδ
ùˢɾ˵Χԣһûһغš
ǰȥϽɽܲͷ
ϼһ˵ģҽˡ
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Сǣһġ
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008 ҽ
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ΪױڹȥܰԲֻǺ˵ˮɫ˵ӹҲ˼㣬´޷վȡ
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009 
ҿҶҽдһʶҪԲ˶ˡ
ţռұڴҶſڣٴһƣȻ߽
үС㡢үͶС㣬λҶҽռұڵһʱϹ㱨
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ͻİռұЩɻ̲ס̧ͷȻպԶڣ˶ĿͶԵҶ졣
УĸȻŮУ˵еҽֻһСӣһ֮࣬Ŀ֮ӿֳ˻ɣǵǣ
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Ͼ֮ǰܱܰȫ֪ҽԺõĽֻһ
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ԭͲܰҵҽκܰĹֲʱνҽֻһµ꣬ӼᶨеĲ²⣬һֻģ
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Գݣѣ
οҲС̡ȻҶǳƼģôҶǾʶģҶܹκܰĲռٽҶϹϵĻǶռҶԣһ˫ĺ£
һ£ĪضҶԲѷܲŭ
ôôûò
ۿպԶŭһԵշ룬侮ʯѲ㲻뿴ܰպ𣿡
շ㡭շĻûιȥ

ܰ״æֹͬɽһؿҶ뽫Ҷ
һʧˡ
ְͨľһ˫۾𣬿޷ͨҶжҶǷѣ޷Ҷһˡ
ֻҶ˫һεĴţκͼӵĿ赲⡣
ҶҽԸơ
ţţܰľһʹҧҧ˾


010 Ҫα
ܰ㡭
¾ƺҲû뵽һǡš侲ܰһ
Ҷҽʲôʱʼ
ܰıٴλظĮϵı顣
Ȼ֪ܰΪԼĻҶܹظܵܰڡ¡Ƶֶʮֿܣֻƺĳ֧ľ
һҶĶЩܰ벡ħĥµڰɡ
ܰ㡭
ͼٴֹĻ˵ڣһԵĸǰѹɿ˵С㣬ԲСݵǲƭǵġοƭʲôô
ⷬƺҲȶһЩĻʻ˶ӣȴȻĵصҶƺַʽҶҶ
ٴĺҶӡ󲻼
Ϊó֮˼ȫΪܰΪ˲ŭպԶ
СҴȥ
պԶһ۱ȥֶĸŵܰơ
ĸԭҲҶκܰĲպԶҶβ˵ܰԼҲӦеĻɣܰ
Ҷҽˣ
ۿĸܰ¥ݿȥպԶضҶ
Ҷ΢΢ףǻӦȻźɫĸܰĲ
ܰӹʵ̫ˣ¥ʱѾȫûˣֻǱĸߣĸһ˸޷ܰһҡҡ׹ӡ
Ҷ״˵һѷסܰļͷ
ܰϴź˯£ǵҶָͷ˲䣬ԭӲ֪ӿֳһһԺһ

΢ͣٹܰɳӣԼ٣ллû¡
̫ˣҰɡҶδ֣ؿܰһۡ
Ҷе˼ܰŬŬ죬ȴû˵һ֣ʹرһ۾Ȼĸ׺Ҷ¥ǰҡ
ҶҶҽܰĲͰˣ
ҶĸһͬܰϴĸؿҶ˵ͼҶϹ
Ҷæסĸĸˣҽߵְ𡣡
֪ΪΣҶ仰ĸҶִ˼֣ڲϵܰǸӵؿҶһۣҲ֪Щʲô
С㣬죬˵ķʽЩףǻҲ֮е顣
ĸ뿪ҶŴɫҰסһϢܰ̾˿ǡͬҵ˵Ǽ֮壬ʮ⣬Ѿ޷ѹƵĵزֻͨڵѹƣεĻֻܡ
ֻ֪з¡
ܰ˫ۿն컨壬ҶĻҪΣʼɡ
С㣬ллҵΡ
ϵܰľҶû¶һ㾪ȣ̲ס̾˿ҽ㲻ҪΡ
ΪΪʲô
ܰŤͷãȻؿҶ
ͨεĽӴҿóһǳͳŮˡŮˣԸȥҲԸ⽫Լĵһνһİˡ
Ҷ˵Լжϣ֮ѡң̶ܴǳڶԳСΡ֪ڻнӴǰ£ƣΪĳ˵֧㣡ڡѡΣΪһܹϵˣ֪ʹʹĵȻֻзαһʼκã
ҶĻϸһܰ飬һط
ϣĽ·𴥵һ㣬΢زţˮܿƵӿֳۿǲҰ׵ӣ䣬С
ᣬе̣ǿࡣ
˵ûԸԼӸ㣬Ϊֻǻš
ܰûȥϵ飬ŤͷҶʹཥɢȡ֮Ǽᶨұţ
ܰǷݼҲıĵļᶨҶЩݡ
ܰĵǷݼǿЩѧǿҲδرȵϣ
ղҲ˵ˣֻзαôΪʲôҪֹѡΡܰҶ˵̲סʵ
һƯŮˣβŮԭҲβĽ㷢ϵ
ҶرܵӭܰĿ⣬һһҲǵôֱ˵ƷԭҸı⣬ΪҾãӣΥ뷨ʹغҷϵĻ޷ĥӰ޷԰ΡھȻ壬̫꣬ˣ
ҶϣܰȻǵ֮ǰĿ赲δţ¶һ˿϶
һ̣ǿʲôʲôû
Ȼֻͨααķʽ㷢Ƶ𽥼٣пܵŻᷢһΡ
ǲܰӵĿ⣬ҶıָٴνܰĿ赲⡣
ллҶҽ
ҶĻܰŲҰ׵ӿֳ˼ּһʱҶл
ȻʱѾҶҽû˿ɣ
ǿʼɣҶ
šܰ˵ͷʣҸô
ɣȫĵطɣԼһõĺ̲϶ȼ١
Ҷ˵ţͬʱסܰƣһƬ⻬Ǳ䡣
ԼֱҶУԭɵܰٴνŵر壬ʶҪԼ֡
Ǹҡ
ԼʶķӦܰЩΣŲҰ׵ϻһƵĺΡ
һȱȫеŮ˰
Ҷи̾һ䣬ȴ˵սܰƣһܵٻһ㣬ӿֱۣݵ֮ϡ
ͣ´߶
ɲǼ䣬̺ľͬڵĽˮһ㣬ͨܰĵѨӿ룬һůȵĸо˲ѨΪԭ㣬ֻӣ¶ȣůġ
ܿ죬ıϸ΢ĺ顣
ǹȴͣЪůݵֱֱִ֮۴ȫ
أأֻܰԼǱѪҺʼڣԭӱȺ

һɴδůȫȫϸϲõػţ˼㣬鲻Խصһ
£Ҷ΢΢һܰ˲͸
ΪȣΪߣ
Ҷţ΢Цż߶


011 
һﴫͳֵŮ˶ԣѻᷢһҹ顯Σ෴ǴὫԼĵһ»֮ҹԼİˡ
ʱıǨķչŮѾԽԽ٣ûУ
ܰһŮˡ
ΪǷݴͳѧʱ֮⣬ûнӴǷĶȻ˽ǷĶΪļȱȫУûкκйܽӴ
Ϊ˱ԼԼһߣټļǿǿƣٻˡϵһܲáŮкܡȳƺš
ʱ˿̣ܰСֱҶв˵ղΪ̫̹鲻ԽһҪǣҶЦؿ
һУ˵ͻȻͻȻûκ׼ֻ̣쵽һϢٶȣҪɤһ㡣
ԺΪ˱ܿҶĿ⣬ԼΣܵر˫ۣͬʱҧ촽Էٴ鲻Խص
Ϊ˵ԵʣܰеһӿֵɬǴһ㣬΢زţǸо޲Ҹȥ
Ľͨյ˫ۣҧĴꡭ
һ̣Ů֮ܲƵܰ»֮ҹƵҪɷͬǰƵģ˷
ҶȻţų޷ӵе־ǡһĻҶµֵ˲䰺ͷ­һҪսɳļơ
ֻܰһ͸ӣһ㣬һҧһڵĳ嶯
ϼһ˵֮ͼ֮԰
СӿֵȣҶû̸šʱ˵Ļ
νţŴ˵ǡС㡯һУʵϣֻйз¥ƵɫŮţҹ̨ܻС㣬㲻ͽ
ššǧšššźͺ־ͬһͬš
䲻еһԱȴżо
ϼһﻹ˵Ǽ֮ͼܹ֮ա˫Ļ˫Īĺô
뵽Ҷٴοһߺ̲ܰס룺Լ˫Ļڵкͣ»ۻ࣬ʣͨľʱֻҪԼһ־Կһٱߣ
ţҶȴûȥʵǿѹסСȣžαܰȫܰͬʱҲɢܰڵۻࡣ

УҶûþӿܰһԴ
֮Դ̶ȵܰڵҶԼ̺֮Ĵ֮һһԴĻܰɲǵôˡ
ǻ鵽󲿷ŮһҲ޷ġ֡
ĳ˵ͷʵһֻҶ޷ܣƵЧԶԶ緿°ˣ
Ϊ֮ܰˣҶֻ÷ٶȣһžܰڼȦʱʱѹȥһСʱ
ƾ͵ɡ
ۿܰڵѾ̫ˣҶɿ֣ܰƣƣ
֮ܰˣֻСؿƾһΪ顣
οܰΪǼ֮壬ʱѶ࣬ʮǿʢҶһľŽǹɿµѹƣ
ϣܰԭ岻ָ¶ȣҴ죬㺹϶ʣ͸¡ڿ㣬һԴճ

һԴ֮ܰǰΪɬţҶĻӬлллҶҽ
ǺñӣҪ߷ˣһҿݴմץЩҩӡҶδܰ쳣ֻɫ⣬ΪԷһ㲻ϴ衣

ΪһԴܲܰȵҶ뿪ԡҳ裬ʱҶôһ˵¾һܿʶԼʧ̬æص֪ˣҶҽ
Ҷ΢΢ףٷϻֱ⡣
֨
һ죬űҶ
ҶҶҽܰôˣ
ĸϷźΪܰһֱû뿪ʱҶ߳æ˹ǽţĿȴܿƵؿ档
Ҷ״΢Цſģ̲صģСĲʱסˣֻҪʱҩԼһܺɻָ
лллллҶҽ
û뵽Ҹ֮죬ĸǾĿɿڴ𾪹мҶлǸо޲øҶ¹ͷ
̣ؿȥСɡҶæǰֹĸϹ¹ľٶѵ
ááĸʶӦţȻ첽߽ңǼʣܰоô
裬Һöˡ
õơ⣬ܰ鼫ã¶˶һĵЦݣЦϲú˷ܣͷ·һ㡣
˾ͺã˾ͺá
ܰõ϶𸴣ĸһҵĲų׷̲סǰһѽܰ§뻳УֿЦӡ
û裬ֻ̫ˡ


012 Ұҽҽ
¥´պԶδ뿪еɳϣȴŽ
һ棬ʮֹܷܰ񱻾ΣΪҪǣҶǳƼҽѴҪͨҶϳҶߣȻռҼļӣкҲһ뿪
շҲû뿪
պԶ·ɳϣͬȴŽ
պԶͬǣڵȴܰٴα̵ĽȻܰ˿ΣﵽĿġ
ȹϵƵģڴſⲽ¥ԵĸϢظ˲˵պԶϵĿҲЩ
ţ
Ȼ䣬ͣ˽Ųںڵͫ׶ȻŴضų¥ݿڵҶ
ͬʱշҲǿҶǰһ˷ܵضպԶүүҶҽˡ
պԶԣ˲վǸоƨɱһ㡣
պԶһʱ䳯Ҷӭȥշ󣬶Ǳһ׷ҧƵģرҶ
ˣҶҽ
ҶһվպԶȴûżƽȿһ͵硣
ҽôˣûжʲô
պԶͬûô뷨Ҳѧ˵Բֻ֪ܰĲôˣԼҶǷռܰıˡ
˭ģ
ۿҶǰ֮ͬǰǰպԶӶˣתǳȥ
Ϊֻ߬ȭͷһǿؿҶǸо·˵Ҷ˵ûκܰĲռܰıˣҪȥҶһƵġ
СĲѾסˡ
һĻҶ̲סʵЩɰЦŰԲ˰ҿĴȥץЩҩСԣСӱɻָ⣬պֻҪҶڸƣ㲻Ḵ

ȻҶ赭дȴŵĻպԶ˾Ǳ̶ͬȵϮǲԼͬԭأɴ۾ǲ˼ؿҶ
˼
ǵģ
Ҫ֪ܰǰɽҽ֮ǰȫ֪ҽԺһ飬ȥһЩר֢ĸˡ
ЩνҽѧרҺ͸޷ܰ˵һЩҽѧרҺ͸˸ǶԣǲУҲβܰ㻪٢Ҳ޼£
Ҳ˵̣ܰ
񣬰Ҷղ˵ƺܰСӹҼһ򵥡
ֽȻķպԶ˵޷ݵģ
ˣҶһĵպԶ͸Ҳᱻˣ
˶ԣей֮޲
ΪϴμҶ˷ǳõӡ֮ǰҶܰڴϣȻΪλƼҶ۵϶Ҷ޷ֻܰĲûռܰıˣ
ҲҶܰβϧðŭպԶԭ
ѡѵҽ
ɴ۾һؿҶԼ
㡭˵κܰ㣿
·Ϊ˻شһ㣬һԵշ𿪿ˣһֿ˵Ŀ⣬ضҶ
һ̣ްֻеֻǲţ
һתҰҽκñҽѧרҺ͸̵ܰ
չӣβС㣬ʲô
ۿշԼҽҶɲǰ
Ϊ֮ͨǰĹ۲죬óλռҹӲǰܰտǰͲܰ糬
ҡ
շʵòᣬʶ˵ʲôһʱЩ
չӣҿǡѿӷƨһ١֪𰸣ȥ֪ˣҶϷʵؿշһۣڿһС

ҶٴηʣշŴͣȴԶԡ
ܣһǧһɲţҶκñҽѧרҺ͸̵ܰ
ǡ
ǸҶûһ㣬ұֵ˰ҶѵĻֻҪ¥֤ܰԱ᲻ƣ
Сᣬҽô棿
òҶܹܰʵշҶǿƵģȫһͷ
ôѵϣҶҽ޷ܰ
շгͬʱպԶŤͷշĿ絶Ҫշ𿴴һ㡣
ǣүүֻ̫ˣ
պԶʺͷĿ⣬շŵһ飬æҡͷϣ޷ֹպԶԼ²⣬ǡһٸӣҲҶպԶ˵޲ܰȥүֻ̽
ߣ
պԶԣһŲĿ⡣
һߣշ·𴥵һ㣬һֻЩΪΣһʱҶϹԲҶҽҲǻҽֻ̫ˣҪ
ûлشҶֱӽշĻɷƨ
үүȥܰ㡣
͵շޱȣ²̨ʱȴȲҪȥ֤ԵպԶʾһɿ¥ȥ
պԶûбʾδǰ
үүȻܰûˣҾͷˡͷһЩδͲȥܰˡ
ҶһҲշƨҷһ뾡뿪ԼȥֻҶ衣
ҶҽӽռҵĴˣ
ͬҶһպԶշĻƨһмؿҶ
ΪȻܰΪҶҵĴˣ
ܰʲôʱܹռˣ
շԣоһ𾪵ؿպԶȫɵˡ


013 Ӧһ
ܰ㣬оô
ܰķ䣬һ۱㿴ܰԭɷ׵һƬ˾õԺתȻģûߵߣȲʵ
Һöˡ
ĹܰůģֻýõѪԵϵ˵ĸ׽ûҪĸ˴·ӣϾչӣСǸܰסһġ
˸Ҳ͵͵׷ܰǰɽŵȿ㣬޷˵ɽ¶ദơ

ԣ˿Ȼʳ˸Ϊĵ⣺ܰ㣬Ǹ쵰û޲ɣ
޲磿
ܰ˲ָû֮ǰΪƵĹл̹ޱȣ鲻Խˡ
ԺиֳʱΣܰٴһƬ糺죬ҲЩǸоͷ·ˡ˶ŮڻζĿһ㡣
ѡѵǸ쵰İܰˣ
ܰ糺죬ɴںڵӣд󾪡
˵Ҷҽ͵ø˼ʱĸ̲סʵ
˭
ѿӦĿȴȻͣܰ糺ϣܰ㣬㲻ġ
ҶҽܰǵĶˣô˵ǻ쵰أ
ĸȻƶռûʲôλȴһ֪ͼˣۿڮҶټѵ
ĸҡ
裬ҶҽЩᡣ
Ժ󣬾͵ͼ͵ʱܰԲһͨġ
Ǿͺá
ĸԣ˿ȻĴжͷҪúøл˼Ҷҽ
š
ܰͷӦȻԥһ£裬ЩˣȥԵİɣҸ˵Ự
ã
Դ֮ܰʳδҪԶʱȻܰ˵ԼˣĸϲӦһ첽뿪ҡ
ܰ㣬˵ˣô£
ĸǰŸ뿪ңȲʳеɻǸоܰĻҲġ
ҶҽǸˡ
ѯʣܰûɵҶǷϵĻ鲻Խ˵
ˣ
Ǹˣ
΢ţгɻ󣺼ǸһκܰĲǸһɣܰҲ˵Ǻ˰ɣ
ܰ㣬Ű˵ͨŮͨѡѵǸһʲôˣ
һֱϲֱֱղĸڳʳڣʱܰ˵ҶǸˣֱӵ˳
ܰԣ΢ţһ죬żߵص׼˵
ܰ㣬飬Ϊʲô˵ǸˣɫקøƵģӦöûøвŶԡ
ԼжϣΪܰӶطЩɡ
˽ң˵ҵӣΪβֹϵһ㿪𣿡䣬̲ܰס̾˿
ܰż˸еĻʧĺҵ˻ؼҵ·򣬲ȴȻ⣺ܰ㣬Ϊʲô˵Ǹˣ
Ϊѡ½ƣֹˡ
˵䣬ܰԺûɸֳҶŴżưļӣĪЩӣ˵ҵӣǰҶʵ̫̣޷ĨȥӰ
˵ͨƵķʽҲܿҵĲ飬пܵŻᷢһΡ
˵ܰϲֳϲõЦݣĶ͡

ֱⷬӽĿɿڴֻҶе·Ҫһӱ߸ˡ
ѡѵԼˣ
Լȴûд𰸡

Ϊ˱ʾҶĸлպԶռ1űҶĸܰ㣬շӽδμӣĸ޷ϻ
ϣĸܰٴζҶʾ˸лҶֵֹģƺȻЩɡ
ԴˣҶδ⡣
ʱպԶҪҶһıҵлǰǿҶܹ׽ܰκá
Ҷܾͬ˸лѣǣС
ҶľܾպԶҲûм֡ҶȻǳܵģôȻȱǮҶʼ¶ǷĽ֮УռҳһǧһڣҶҲδػ־ܰ
ͬʱδȥμշ𣬼صУǰ鷿̸
֣˵һҰҽôܰĲ
鷿շżɽʵϣ뿪ռ2űһֱ˼⣬ʾ֭ҲûȻ
µȷЩΣͷȥһǸҽ
Ȼ粻ڳҲ˵飬ҽӵ˸ĵ绰ʱշһɻģǵͷͣȻ󻰷һתͬ˵ģѾͷĲκҲ㹹вοĲֻʱõƣ
һ㣬շҲ֪ģҲһԼ˵顣
֣֪үүڶǸҰҽлʱ˵ΪκܰĲӽռҵĶˣٴεõοշкһЩȴպԶ˵
滰ˣܵ棿мһЦҪ˵ǸѾͷܴ𣿡
ҶˡշȻ
Ҿ͸˵ˣѾͷͲҪˣֻҪԼɡ
˵䣬˼֣Ҳϣٿƽ鷢ûУ
֪ˣ֡
շ֪ͼȥܰ˿ε飬µͷϴжܰĺ⣬
Ҷ
Ҷ֪ðҰҽôܽӶرպԶѵ


014 ¶ţ
ĸ͸Ҷռ2ű
պԶİţҶܰβڼ䣬סռ2ű
Ҷ뿪ܰպԶе鷿̸ȥպԶѵһ٣ֻա
鷿ܰͬһˮϴ衢ݲ裬ᳵ·
ܰҶҽܹĲүүΪеˡպԶӹܰݺõǰһ΢Ц
ܰ΢΢Ƿллүү
ɡ
պԶ²豭ʾܰԺܰɳϺֵܰҶҽ˵ĿǰֻǿĲ飬֮ҪƣԷĲ鷢𣿡
ǵģүүܰͷ
պԶ״ʣ޷Ĳ𣿡
ԡ
ܰԥһ£ѡʵʵ˵үүҶҽ˵α꣬ҲαҲνĸΡ
ŶպԶ΢΢һô˵
˵þ֮еڵαꡣ
˵ܰʲһϵպԶҲЩ̣αҪҪҽз¡
£
պԶһڲ裬ȻδƷʽ̳˲ٴˣѣҲǾýˮ˳ȥ
š
պԶ𾪣ܰûо⣬Ʒʽ˭˶÷˼
ܰүүû´Ļַܾʽΰɣ
ȹպԶ»ָ侲ﾫ˸Ҳ֪ЩʲôȻõѯǿ϶Ŀǡ
ǡ
ܰһҡҡͷԭҴøΣҶҽܾˡ
Ŷ
պԶ΢΢һ˲ͷҶܰϵ
֮Ի뷨һҶᣬҽտһгϵպǰ;
ΪռȨߣպԶǺЩվȨ˴Եҽ̺޷
һ£ܰȻɫĺʶһȣݡλҪ˵ģڽʡҲ㲻϶⣬ҶܰҲ˵ùȥ
ܰȻҶҽܾ÷¸ĲôҲͲҪˡ
Ժ󣬾ܰԥǷҪҶͬεԭպԶʱպԶ΢󣬵ҪҶҽĽӴºӡһպкøУҲͲܾзˡ

Ϊû뵽պԶһܰſӣС죬Ȼ
ߣӣӦҲԸƷʽ
˵պԶ̲סЦˣ˽ܰӣͬҶܹܰøСϵҲҶպĳɾֻͣռܹͨҶϳҶߣ˷ˡ
ԭΪպԶܰպԶ¶Цݺ̺̲Լãүү˹עԼĲ飬²ǵԼô򵥣ҪֺҶ˼
֪ΪΣ뷨ܰΪáϲñ嵭˲٣Ǹо·ĳʥĶһ㣡
֮ЩĲɵպԶ˼䣬ˣһͬռ2ű
裬Ҷҽأ
ܰصռ2űҶڣʵ
طˡ
ĸصүү˼ҪʰһͷǼŵ˲ٶһʱʰꡣԣڽ۵ķסһٰѷʰ
裬Щˣȥ˯ˡ
ܰԣ˵ͷԺеЩƣڵȻҶϾĥգӹԶԶûﵽ˵ı׼
ĸкܰ¥·ȿսʱŲ΢ͣһ£շҶк˵ͷֱӷҡ
ƣĲܰĸΪܰĲ飬ЩҲû˯ã˴ܰϢҲȺصԵҡ
ܰһ·ҶסſʱҲ鲻Խͣ½ŲŶ롣
ܰͬǣкҪ֤ʵҶǷǺˡĳ嶯
ԥǷǸ嶯ͷֱصҡ
ʮӺ󣬻صҵ裬һɫɴ˯£Ľ֣òˡ
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ͷӿ֣ԽԽÿԼߣվԼҶ
뵽ֽԡԡҴҵ߳ԡңЬûüǹţֱҶҶȥ
ŵƹ⣬һƬСѾĵ̺ϣһ
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Ҷһԡǰϰһ̨߶˵ġ漶ʼǱ
漶ʼǱУҲߵıʼǱԣġˡںܶ๦ܷʵķԾ
ܵԡֻԼҵ׷Ƴ²Ʒˣ෴Ϊǰǳѣ򡢽ṹʵԵı仯֮⣬ǵ仯̫
Ϊʱų׵ǳѣ֮ʱָ
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ѵݰʹֻԣִرܣѧϰӢ
Դַ仯󣬻ӢΪ๫ϵԣ̭ĵλǼ½
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źҶ㿪һļУһƵļȻ󡭡;ԼǱһȫµ磬һʱ϶ѧϰ̬һֱ۾ضĻ
ʱĻϣһֻɫ˿Ůˣڴϣһֻŵ׿ˣŮ˵˿˺ú󣬽˿ƶŮ˵һԴڵʲô
ٵļӿ죬ϵŮǴһ㣬ţ鴤ˮ
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Ǳؼ֮ԴŮ˴ﵽйЧŵַ߼ַֻƾԻɴﵽЧ
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֣ҶһȻͷȻֻɴ˯ȹͨǰĵĻ

ȻҶһȫԸǻĴ
Ϊ˯ȹе㵥Щ͸Ľ֣Ƕѩ׵ʥŮ壬¶ڿеȰ⻬˿˯ȹɢ˵Ϣ˺޲ƿ˿ȹڣһ̽ȹ׷⡣
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Ϊ֤ܰԼжû˺ҶαװǿǷ߳ܣ׼ǰҶץС
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ĿĶӣҶЦϵԡȥţ뵽ղŵΣһ

ΪӰбԵʣҶҲûж룬ǹصҵƣϥڴϣ׼ͨؽΪܰĵľ

ͬʱ̵ʿĶһصԼңϷţڷϣٵغţСĸΡͨͨͣ˫ȷ·ʱ
쵰ԼƬҲͲ˵ˣҷֺȻ롭åʵ̫Ҫˣ
뵽ղǡաһĻЩ£࣬߷ߵ
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ҵһٹ뵽ʲôŷȭУһҪ˺αװ¸ܰ㣬óѣ


015 竷ɷ
峿Զ³ǰ׵ʱҶ۾һҹڤ롣
ȻС̻ɽԣҪö࣬ϴЧҪۿۣһѪľҪٵö࣬Ӷ¾תٶ
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ͬʱ۵֣Ȼһ裡
٣Ҳ֪СȻǰƣ
Ҷ𸴣ʦֱջĿ⣬ԴЦֹһţ̬


016 ţ
ԭҶͨǸжϳԷܰβģʱԷһţƺ̬Լʲôȴûв𴩣ǵӦҶ
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С˵ⲻ˵ҾȻװɵܽʱ㻹أУҲҸҶ
ۿսŭҶ˵ҪѵҶļЦֹҶĿ˲мǸоͷ·쾳˺žߡ
ս۵ĻҶһ䣬ʶҪսһƳɳȥһֵɺַͷ
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ҶҽѾƹˣҵĲתࡣ
뵽ܵΪԼԶǧܵȥ֣ܰЩжڲ빼ܵܵĺ⣬Ӷûв֣ǵͲ鷳Ŵʦˡ
С㣬ԭұܵܵĳ򶯣صسɽǰΪβȻ˵ҾͲûȤˣ
ԣһȴǲɫһҪ㣬ͨҸղСӽ̸һɹƭƭӣϣ㲻Ҫɱ˫ۣӶʧȥѾʱ䣬ҵҽ֣Ҳδؾȵ㣡
£ֺţؿҶһۣǸо·Ϊ˵Լѣ˼Ƶġ
ȻֺܲˬҶòϣֿɹƭĵк˵һһ׵ģԵоú͸

ֺȴ̲סЦˡ
Ѿǹعǰˣ󵶵ˣҪţĽ࡭
ϼһ˶ʮ꣬ϼһͷмëȴδϼһиѽְ


017 ţƤƣĩս
Сӣ㲻֪ҲͰˣȻҽĴûҲҳҽƭ
ۿҶɵЦţʶΪҶ֪һֿĿ⿴Ҷ縻ڿؤ
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ΪҶԼΪҶǷϵĻۿһٶڮҶܰЩջ𣬱˲ת䣬Ǹһ˿棬ûнҴƭӵʵ

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Ҷҽ㿴ôƭӣ
Ժ󣬲ִлعպԶһ

ۿպԶҪԼҶãһ˿ζ
Ȼֵ֪ȵպԶΪҪðŵ漯ŵķճͷǸɹɵȦѾǰˣ
ǰ䵱Ŧһ𣬴Ҹ裬ǸȦѾԳϵûȫԼתȥ
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үүҽ죬þ콫ƭ֮¹ڣպƭˡҶڣܰĮ
Ҷ΢΢ףǱ̬
ͨ
ּ״˲䱻˻һ㣬̱˵ϣ۷ֱؿҶĩսٵĸо


018 Ҵϴ
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019 Ķ
ΪպԶһ绰թƭսһ飬ͨ첻иŬһڳǰƭ顣
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Ϊ˸ıҶԼӡڹȥս۾ǸƨһҶ󣬸Ҷ䵱ѵΡҶԲ
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ʱȻΰ飬շ𲻽һ


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ͬʱһӢ״սۣСͬһ㣬ǹҶưɡ
ʱưѻ˽мǿؽ֣Ҷһűеֱ̼ͷȼڵ顣
Ҷ磬ѾǰԤ˿
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021 ƲԣԷƣ
ȥշǸװƻҶ죬ûȤȥ
·Ϊ˻ӦƷƵģս͵վױȡ
£ǸмؿҶǸо·ҶܹĪҫһ㣡

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ձǺ㡣
ߣ
Ϊ׻ƵһԱձҶӴҲͰˣҶģҲЩջ𣬵һȭӦ
һȭȥʮּ򵥣򵥵ûҲèĴ
Ȼ
һȭҶУȴǺܲ򵥡
κһһѧҲǻΪֻǡȴ̺⾳С
ñմʱһȭƼ򵥣ȴ̺⾳սϷʿһľ̺С
顪
ȭײɽײһƾˣ˵ھ֧ľӣɱ첻ڶ
ܿ죬ȭ룬Ҷշֱһ
ƽɫ
һ£Ȼִٳȭȴ˾ơ
ˣҲòϣҼ츳ɫ֮һǧá򲻸Σ˼䡣
ӲӲռҶٶ֣ԸӵؿˣҶ츳ܹ꣬ؽ
ĪΪô
ҶղŲһȭ򵥣ҲϳһȭûжȫʵʱյĻûġ׻ȭȻ˼£޷˺
ৣ
ȻҶĻֻöһըһ㣬ɫ䣬ڵһν¶ϣô֪õǡ׻ȭ
ûлش
Ҷ˳ƻӳһȭ֮ͬǰһʮּ򵥣ȴ̺⾳棬⾳ȫա
㡭
ԭΪҶп׻ơĳԱ֣ԲϳȭʱҶشˡ׻ȭ⾳ֻ߲ͣе𾪼ֱ޷ݡ
Ͼ׻ȭλԼһľǿߴģֻ׻ƵĳԱѧϰ
Ҷ׻ƳԱȴᡶ׻ȭ
ˡ
𾪹ŭŬ죬˿ĭʵô׻ȭ㵽˭
ǰ׻֯һغѵ£ѵڼ䣬йд裬ѧŹ򡣡Ҷʵ˵ţеغǰǸɢѪϢˡ
ǰغѵҶ룬˵ҶǾһҪ׻֯Ȼ治֪Ϊʲôԭû׼غȥ׻ƵһЩԱаա
ֱһżȻĻᣬغ׻ѯʺ󣬲֪Ҷаıŵӣܼ׻ơ

ʱҶ˵ǰ飬һ±ֱŴͣԭ㡣
ţȻʦһ֯ģǾûҪˡ
Ҷ˵ͷغȻֻѵ£ȴ̻ʹǹеԵȼܣһѧˡ׻ȭغΪʦһҲΪ
ȻغǿԽ󱳽Էֵܡ
տЦһȻһ̲סʵˣôһ£Ϊʲô˵Ϯǹ
£ûԺֻһˣ¾Բ˵ô򵥡
յѯʣҶûش𣬶Ƕǰս۴һƣʾԼû£սԵƬ̡
һУҶŽա
Щӵܣǲ֪жЩ࣬ʵǷʰ֪ŭ
Ϊ׻ƵһԱȻ֪κ鲻ȡһ֮ʵĵţҶݺʵûбҪƭ
һҶҪΣĻ˵ΰ͸ղվԺЩ죬ûһܼϣ
Сģ飬һһյҶ׷飬¸Ҷ³ŵ
ǲҶ˺ƤΣᣬ鴫аĶ
һˣ
Ϊ֪аڻĴʲô
á
ԭҶǹΰǱ׵ȨѹԼĻ绰ó׵ֶȥҪ洦Ҳûоܾ
ˣСôͻȻɽˣۿҶûзԣշתƻ⡣
ʦɽβ
ҶɬһЦ뵽ս֮ǰܰԼˣһֱֻûûܰϵܰ˵ģֵʦһЩҪͲˣлһú̡
Ȼ£Ǿ͸İɣȥæɡЦŰ˰֣ĿҶ³⳵սȥ
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϶˶á¡
üͷ΢΢һʶ
ʶ
յ˵ͷ¶ᣬЦҲ㶯Ϊʶ෴Ϊʶ鷳ˣ
Ϊʲôɻ棬ܲһ԰ѻ˵ꣿ
һᣬһó뻯ҲĶ֡ɫ
ʲʲôСӱ㻹
ˣһ֪յʵݣ֪ǺεȵǿߣҲյ˼ղǸҪԵĻͲֹǴ˾ôˣ
š
յͷ϶ͬʱøΪҪǣݣҪ˵˾죬ľҲûƢ

˵ղŶֻǾȵĻôһǳױˣʵ޷һҪţʲô̶ȣŻ˵
ʲôˣ
ʮӣŴлعѿʵ
Ǹ϶û㡣˵żҪЦ̯̯֣֯ԭ㶮á
㡭
ԭشתҲóǾԲ˵ģΪˣҲûӲƣЩΪѵ½ô
϶㲻˵Ҳ㶼ˡԣЩߵЩ湻İ
˵è壿ɫ΢΢һ䡣
յ˵ͷȻ󽫸ղҶ˵龭һһʮظ˶
յ˵üͷԽšԽɴšһ״һŭڵģ
϶û㣬ǴãǰеŬữΪСѵ
ôһ˵һ֮ǰյǷ鵱


031 õ
ɳԺ˷׷쳤ӣͼɳ״ΪҶڶԾʱƶףǸʲô
ৣ
Ժ󣬲˿Ȼȥһʱ䣬˷׷زӣվñֱ
ƹ£ǿһĿֱӵӣʵȴڶԺſڣȻûпҶӰӣֻ˶˪
ѡѵǸ˵ˣ
ۿҶûгֲ˵Ҷı±˺£̲סаԼ
Ӧ
΢˼϶²⣬Ҷ߶پЩź
һ뵽ԼĿƱУպпܻᱻΣǴ˱һˬ

Ϊζе˷ܵͬʱߵǰĿ絶һɨ
ΪйԵʣ͵رĿһɨֻĸоһʶһ
ղ˵ץCCư˰֣𣿡ʡ
ǵģ֣
ۿԼ̬ȷ˾޴ת䣬òԾ벻⣬ֻʵش
ʣ֪𣿡

֮ǰڵ绰ֻǸ˴˹־ĶӹΰĿǰ˴ɳ˹ȥӡ
Ҷδ˹ΰģΪҪһĨڣʲô֪
شҵ⣡ͻȻͺһ
ǡǣ
ŵȶһͷð亹涭ֳֻ֣Ǹֽһйΰ˴ˣԭ򡢹̲δҡ
򣡡
˵꣬ϣĿɨ
ǰһʮ
нԭίϱ𣿡
ֳûС
򼸺ûԥѡʵʵ˵ԭҴ㽫ִѶ󣬸ݰٿǷϱڻ·ϱӵֳĵ绰ֳڵ绰ң̾ӽӡ
£ӭ϶Ŀ⡣
״֪ûѣûٶ˵ʲôֱóֻͨĵ绰
֡
ԴӸ˵绰󣬱һֱֻȴʱ绰һʱͨ
ôĵӣ
еŭǱȼһ㣬ѵ˭Ȩ㲻ճ˽Բְģ

𶭽ŭֻƨǱһ㣬ɳϵſͼ˵ʲôȴúǿʲôƵģӲһҲ˵ڡ
ۿʣCCưſڷİӣ𣿡
塭
ֱǸӳ⣬ˣֻӲͷƤش𣬵һйΰ˱ˡ
Ϊʲôᱻˣʡ

ɵˣ־绰ֻǸΰˣΪʲô֪
شңͺ
һͻĵͺ𣬾ͷ·һը죬ŵһƨɳϡ
亹˲Ӷͷȴûȥ亹գ֧֧涭֣Ҳ֪
㲻֪̾ץˣһִ
һ뵽ҶԼûʸ֪Щëʱôһ˵ŭˣ˴ֿڣﻹûзɺͼɣ
⣡
ٴŭŵһ飬һûֻӳȥ
˵㣬ԵҰ칫ҽ࣡
һŭ󣬶ŭⷢйòˣûٵһµ淢𣬶˵һ䣬Ҷ˵绰

𡮽࡯֣һֻ˲䣬ֻžһˤķѡ
ûȥǿǰøֻ۷ֱµؽԭء
ôˣ޼״һæǰѯʡ
ˣˣ
ҵ̱ɳϡ
Ȼ֪׷ʲô飬ö̬ȴ䣬ǡƾղŶ̬ȣԼ࡯֣֪Լ;ߵͷˡ
˭ȨӶ֪㱩ִģ
Ҷϵ绰ĿɨȫȻԼ֮ǰ佱Ļ
ҡҡ
亹ǲҪǮƵӿ˲͸·û֮ǰǰֱ׳غ񾯲ΪںţֵؿŶ
סǵȨģȨΪģǽȨϣǶִ
ԴǣΪѾϵľ㲻䴩·ˣ

Ѿһ׼Լֻô׹˵һƬհףһһ㣬̱˵ϡ
ô
ֵ̬תΪʲôô󣿣
Ŷ˪Լȴ벻һȻ
򣡡״ûȥһĿٴͶ
ЩŵӦ
÷ǳá
ɫӽȫȨϣСʱ֮󿴵һ⡢ƽĽܲ
֤񣡡
һ֪ѵõǨᣬ´ȴǰԼǰƣûãȻȥۏ˻ˮ

ճ˳뿪ɳʱҶս۴˳⳵»صCCưɡ
ʱѾӽҹưѲУһĿѾȥµֻһЩҹĿˡ
վڰ칫ſڣɨһȦưɺ󣬿һϵĽʫ٣ѵ㣬ǸưɵľԸ˼ʲôһ뿪˾ưɡ
Ժ
ڱͷͰ͵Ŀ߳ưɣҪԼıȥȻҶսȺսſᡣ
ţ
֣鲻Խͣ˽Ų˫һ˲ɵùԲ
ôˣ
һʱ䣬ٵȫͷ⣬Ǿȵģͷ·ײһ㣬Ҫྫжྫʡ


032 ˷۱
ҽԺ
־𻨷ΪΰתԺֻŹΰҩתԺ
ΰҲƵһ߼
ΰӻ˹ϺϷֱűľһ㡣
ҵôˣ
ƶϣΰʶҪ˫ʧȥ֪һ㣬ãԺﲻֳҶȶȵĻ棬¿ɥŽ
ӣҽոҩҩȥͿԶˡ
𻨾͹ΰһӣ޲ýΰʱΰŵҺæǰ
桭𣿡
ҶĲֶθΰ̫ļ䣬ΰδӾлعһʱ䲻𻨵Ļ
ģͷڴȥֻҪûˣ
ȥ
ΰһ㶣ҲûΪȥƣǺʣȥ˶ҵǸô죿
ģѾ绰ˣǸⱲӱ߳ˣһ˵ţǸоҶԣҪҶ˺һ㡣
֣ǸִȣҪԶ֫
ΰԣŴ־磬ԼҪƺԣֻжҶ֫ܳ
֫ǱˣҪԴ뵽֮ǰ˵Ѿ˶ԸҶ־Ц
֨
־ĺݻ£űƿ־쾶ֱ롣
Ǵɳҵ֤
ܿ죬ڹ־硢𻨺͹ΰһ˵עУߵǰУԼ֤Ϊ˵CCưɵİ
ľ徭Ѿֳ˵ˣǾͲöˣ
־翴Ҳû֤㽫Ļ˻ȥҶѾˣʱ򾯲鴿ѿӷƨһ١
CCưṩƵǻӹɱˣ
ڼСʱǰѹضӣʱֻһ;ߵͷĿˡ
㡭˵ʲô
һ̣־ԼĶ⣬ǰľô˵Լӹɱֻ
ǹ־磬ҲĻˣΰ뵽ʲô¶˼ֻֿš
ǻӹɱˣ治ɫظһ顣
ƨҶӵȶˣôӹɱˣ𻨴Ӿлع񣬶
Ϊ־ţҲĹԱ𾴣ɳĽɫиٵı߶մϣȻ֪ôд
͸ɾ㣡
ԭͶԹҰˣֶκܲˬʱøһ°ȵ
û뵽ССľ𻨱ȵһ
ͬʱ־ɫȴǱüΪѿһ£ڣв֮Ũ˵ҶӹɱˣҪɱ˭ʲôʱ£ǣЩҽҪеӦεġ
ӹΰӹɱһҶˣûеóѡɫţǽCCưſڷִǸˡ
ƨŹɱˣȫҶɱˣһͼˣٴұ֮ǰΪ
ɫһ䣬ǰһҾ㣬ǣǽĻǱΪ񣬽ʱ㽫һҪеɵΣ
٣ҸҲ˵ˣЩҽ
־ɫһƬ࣬ضˣһһҲ֪Ϊʲô˵ҶӹɱˡʵǣҶӱ˴ȣֳѾ֪飬Ҹңϳͣ
ҪҸֳ绰֤ʵһ£˵󣬹־ŭ죬ѿ
Цɡ
ã
־ˣȻ֪СѲĵǰСʵ̫ôˡ
£־粻ٷϻֱóֻͨĵ绰
Բĺʱ޷ͨ
ܿ죬ͲдСĶ빶־ĶУȴù־һ
ݵ󣬹־粻ģִһ飬һ޷ͨ
־˼״Цˡ
֪ΪΣ˵Цݣ־ӿֳ˲õĸоȴû˵ʲôֲͨеĵ绰ΪУ룬ﶼ֪ġ
ι
ʮӺ󣬵绰ͨͲдһ˵
ɩӣǹ־磬ֳе¡
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־ĵ绰
ԣһȻŤͷʾ
һʼľ̲ӵİ½侲ӷŽ顣ʱ˵ǹ־ĵ绰һ㣬ֱӴɳϵ
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֣ǸңѾȥԸǸʿ𣿡
ӹ绰Ҫ˵ʲôļĹ־ϣôᴺɳ˵Ҷӹɱˣ
־磬軹绰ң
һӻ𣬱־緢йû˵ڱ㱻־ϣҡ־绹һʵĿֱðɣ軹أǸ϶ӵʲô

ǵصŭ־ЩˣʶؽĿͶ˹ΰ
֣ҵ£ûйɱˣûУΰԭŵòᣬʱ־翴ط
־ԣҲûж룬ֶǸ֣ղҲЩҶ˵ûӹɱˣ
Ǹ𣿹־磬Ҹ㣬Թˣȥֳ칫ҽ࣡
ǱŵըҩͰƵģش󣬡ûʲôӱߣĻҲùˣ
ž
£ֱܻӿ۵˵绰
ཡཡ
ͨͲдæǹ־ȴǷĿ鲻ԽٴƵ˹ΰϡ
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ΰŵٴ⣬ȴ֪ǡ˵˻ȷɱ˵жϡ
㻹Ҫ绰ô
־˪һˣѣ㻹Ҫ绰ĻͼˣǽӽѶӻرһ£
־磬Сΰôˣ
ȻùˣȴǸۣ֪²˵Ҳʱƣʱ־鲻ԾҲЩˡ
ʵ˵㵽ʲôΪʲôǸ˷ִ
־ŹΰȻ֪׷ʲô飬Ǹ϶ǹΰʲôöԷץ˰ѱӶ߸˾ơ
ҡҺȶˣСײȻʹҡΰֲѣû˵շָʹײҶȵʵ
𣿡
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ЦˣΰӵܱЩ÷ķӺöԸˡ
ûлش𣬹ΰǿ־ؿ־磬֣ҵ£շ˼һҪң
ӣ
شΰһţ
ѵ
ŭĵĹ־磬ֱһŽΰƶȥ


033 Ҷ
ҹϪõ԰ǰ۵ĺӣ˯˹ȥټıֻмŵƹ⣬쳣İ
ռ1ű֮һ
պԶɳϣֻƣǵǡ
ǣΪղĳλд绰λи֪Ľչ
ֱպԶеĵǳֱ
ΪǸ˵ݡλҪ˵һ˰Ƿɱ˰Ӧ֪չ
Ǹ˲֪չֻ˵һ⣺ĵȼˣпⲿŽˡ
үүôˣ
ۿպԶ绰üͷøܰеĵǸʢ̲סѯʡ
Ҷҽ׶༪ˡ
պԶ̾˿ˣѾɳҶĿܣϾùϵ˵ĻǸ˲Ӧò֪顣

պԶĻŬŬ죬ȴ֪˵ʲôãʶؽĿͶܰĿг˵ǡ
עУܰĽ΢΢һĿҲ֮һ
Ǹоܵĳشһ㡣
ٸ۴绰ܴܲͨ
ʱţܰеǷϣһһѹûоǽԼһѵͷԣɳſڣŵ˽밸ӴҶҽӦܿ
˵ͷֻ㲦ս۵ĵ绰
Ǵͨ
ֻͲﴫСöȴ
үүһ취û𣿡ۿ޷ϵսۣܰŤͷպԶ
ƹ£ü֪ʱšһɷ׵д˵ǣ촽ҧ˸ϣĹâ
ʱǽеܲãгĸо
ָоǰһΡ
ȥԼһ˱շѹ۸ʱ򣬶ǵȫ֪ҽԺר֮
ʱǱǰôͽ͡
ֱҶ֣˲ŵֶΣо˻
ٴ鵽ָо
ΪҶ
ʱûа취
ֳǸģպԶĲ̣û˵ʵĿѣҲڻ֪飬Ҳ֪Ҳ˵һ
Ǵ绰߳㲻ˣ
ܰҡͷճСùõ绰Ǵĵ绰ҸղѾԴˣͨ
ԣʱ˪һˡ
պԶ¶ɫҪ鵽˽˺ҲпܵģȴҴ绰
һҶ͹ΰĳͻģռҵҪ֮һշ𻹲С
ΪҪǣ鷢ռʼʲôû
һ£żܹϵȳҶҲҶβˣһпܶռҽгͷ
պԶΪѵʱ򣬱⴫Ϩ
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պԶ˵ͷܰǽĿͶſڡ
֪黹Ϊʲôԭ򣬽շûȥܰãǿ첽ߵպԶǰϹͷүү
ô£
պԶʣշûв룬ȴȻЩġ
ϣҸΰȥCCưɺȾƣ˽ۺҶҽұҶҽһȣҶҽûǵİᡣ
շԥһ£û˵ʵǴһʱһʱҺ͹ΰƺ󣬹ΰ뿪ưɣ֪Ϊȶ˻ôأײҶҽҶҽִ
ָʹΰȥײҶҽİɣߵ
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շûɾЩţʶطϣæ䣬ҿΰҶҽִͼǰȰ⣬Ҷҽִ˹ΰ
ʱҲڳġ
˵շΪ˵ս֤ҲǾ㹶ΰǱ˵ԼָʹҲϣ
ò˵շ̴úܺã٣պԶսڳϵĻࡣ
պԶͬǣ׼շѣֻǿ֤ݣҲ˵ʲô
ܰüͷ塣
ƺԣһҲշǷ顣
ֻҶǲ¡
үүҪ绰Ϣһ顣
ۿ˲շϷݵףװʲô֪ӣġѵ棬ҲͲ׷ˡֻҪǱ߲׷˾ͰҶҽ̳ˡһ㲻ӰҶҽܰβ
շ㲻֪Ҷҽ˾飿
շ۾֪ΪΣշֵԽҶܰԽշй

ò˵շݼ൱˵ãĻԵʮֳԾҶҽ˾죿ôܣ
ûд˾Ļ;ˡպԶüһ޼ƿʩģ
ۿպԶΪҶ׼ȷ˵Ϊ˾ܰȫȻ˹ҵĸܣշûɾЩ

뵽Ҷѱ̣̲ס⿴ܰһۣЦֹүռȫԴΣעҪزۣ
ˡˡ
͵շЦͬʱͻȻܳĺ
ҹĻ£սſ·һͷһ嵽˱ſڣһƯƺͣ¡
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״ǰһתٴ߽үүҶҽˣ
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ৣ
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ܿ죬˵עУҶս۳ڱſڡ
ҶպԶ˿ܰɷ׵¶޷εļ
ҲǼýҲ
ȻҶۣ׼Ҷå֪ҶĿǰΨһܹܰˡ
һ£ȻԸҶ¡
෴շͲҶ糬
ʱҶȱسڱſڣһһ㽩Ӳԭأȫһ⣺ôģ


034 ˳һ㲻ʮ壡
ҶҽҸմϸ۸ϻոܰѾ˵£Ҫ˴أͻˡ
ݵļպԶһعЦǺǵӭҶ治ɫسһѻѻֹսѵ⣬ۣɳſڣʱ̹ע̬仯ҶҽôҲ˵
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035 
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036 ţƣǴ
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һţǹĸоȻ޴棬ȴɬǸо޲굽˿
Ȼ
֪ղ鲻ԽҶȥֱߵҸȥɣ
һҶŸղٴһ˸еķӦұ֮ǰΪǿң
֮ͼ֮ʵ̫ˣôȥԼҲҪˡ
¸߸ֱĸǹҶµʲôȴûֻͨȡ֣ǰԡңˮ载֮
ͬʱ
Ͻ԰һ
Ϊҵűԣϣӵ٣һͷ˵ϣʿһ㣬ҵػζţǰķͻζֹ
ž
ͻȻµĹͷˣֻа˸ָͷ֣ѩ׵βһġ

һ֮£ֱӱϿ۷壬˳鴤̱˹ͷ˵ϡ
ͷ˼״׶¶ŮʱеЦݣȻһѹ£ʼĳ档
ܿģٵڶĽУͷһйע˺ؽһ
үԽԽˡ
ٰӣͰŹͷս
ٵķΪڵĵǰָЦЦҲסڡ
У˼ҸղžͲˡЦֽϺᳵ·صȼһ֧̣ǰָС
˵ڳ£һڡº̡ǰָ뵽ʲôʵ
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ǰָôһѣٴżɻ󣬵շ͹ΰȥ棬ΰ֪Ǻ˾ƻΪʲôȥײһеģеĴȡ
Ŷǰָüͷ΢΢һȻ˸ҵĳſôˣҴĻǹ־Ķӣ
˲˵Ҵ˳ȥʱ˺ܿǲҪ£ҼǸӾûͻǰ绰ָ֮־˸绰
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ʲôͷ
ǰָҲһ㶣֪ںķܹڴйΰ£ȻشӾֳһ˲ࡣ
֪ռҵսһӦռҰгֵġ˵Լжϡ
ռҾȻΪһˣ͹˺ƤǰָЩɻ뵽ʲôʣ˵Ǹӣ
ٵͷţСǵ˵һҲǶ֡
Ŷ
ǰָеСС⣬ΪٿеСCCưɵİˣ飬µľ
үڱߵʱ򣬻صؿһۣû׼µұľ˵᲻ͷ鷳ҶĮӵĿ⣬ٵأԼԼ˻
ǰָȴɭЦЦ٣ҳſڴˣû鷳Ͳˣ鷳
ү˼ʲô
һ֪ǰָһӵˣοһʱ䣬μҺǰָУμҺռǾϵ
һռҹϵеǰָĳ£ǰָ޶ԵĻδúμСơ
ȥ飬ڵ֮ǰȥ£ֱȥ
ǰָ̣ӡ֤ٵжϣֻǺռҹϵеĻȣ͵Ǹμˣ


038 ˫Ŀ
ջ𣬳ϼȾ˶ߵգµһ쿪ʼˡ
Ϫõ԰һҶ˳
ųҶëȫɿӿ壬ɾ
ܿģ΢紵ɢˮҶȫ
߶ԣ쾳һ蹵ؼкͶѧĸԼٳ޷ͻ쾳磬ȫΪв
֣߳Ҷ̾˿ͳ֪޷ͻ쾳ΪĽԭԼȻҲġ
ȳܰڵ󣬱ȫ鵱飡
ŲԶռ2ű뵽ɽǰӦԼֻҪ񣬱Գ˶ù鱨Լĸ࣬Ҷս˫ȭĿļᶨ
ᶨΪ飬Ľ޷ѧΪֹǰ
ΪҪǣĿǰԣĸ׿˵Լԭ򣬼ǵҲĿ
ͬǰһҶصռ2űʱĸѾ𴲣ϵΧȹڳ͡
ҶҽˡҶĸæЦŴкĿг˸м
ҶĸҺС㡢۶ͬˣԺͽСɡ
ôءĸЩʧ룬ǾֱҶʮֲס
Ҷ״Ҳ֪ĶԼмĸĿڣ²һ׵飬Ҳûǿ󣬶ǿЦһ׼طϴ衣
Ҷҽ
ҶȥıӰĸԥһ£ǿڽסҶ
ĸ£Ҷͣ½ŲŤͷĸֹĸԼ£Щ档
ĸҧҧҶҽһ¡
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ͨദҶĸһӡ󲻴ĸԼæӭǰֹĸϹ¹֮ľٶ
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СôˣҶһԡ
ع˾ϰࡣĸǵǣӲЩתع˾ϰ۵²鸴
Ŀǰ״ȷܹۡҶ˵ͷܰڵȻѹƣӹǻҪһʱ䡣
Լ뷨õҶϿɣĸԵø⼤ҶҽղȰˣһҵüأӾ󣬲ҵġȰȰҽӦûĻ
á
Ҷҽ̫ллˣ
ۿҶӦĸҪҶϹл
ҶЦֹĸľٶĸСҵĲˣҶӦõģ
Ҷҽһˡ
ĸͨ˼Ҽռң濴Ʒ⣬ܵίֻԼ֪ЩίҲ̬鵭ĮʱҶĻ¸ж˫۷졣
Ҷܹĸһ㣬Ҳû˵ʲô
Ҷҽܰ鷿ȥȰɣһһ緹ĸĨ˰ᣬЦ
Ҷ˵ͷת¥
ܿ죬Ҷ鷿ſڣȻܰһʵ˯£ǰһϣ۾š
Ů˳˵
ŮҲȻ
ʱܰҶβʱǰɬǻָܲõķɣü΢壬ںڿ۾µĿʮַ࣬ɢһմȨơ
һĻҶЩȻȻ֮࣬룬췿š
顪

ܰû̧ͷǼеϡ
£ܰȻʶԼڰ칫ңڼУɫ΢΢һ䣬̧ͷſڡ
ҶҶҽ
ҶţܰæʮΡ
ûɣ뵽ղзܰһ棬ҶЦá
ûûС
ֳҶЦЦı飬һԼղŰ鷿˰칫ңܰµСŮһΣ˵ϲ˼Ĩ죬ͷȥҶ
һֱ̣ԭͣܲñ˺СŮ
ĸղŸңع˾ϰࣿܰΣҶתƻ⣬ֱ⡣

û뵽Լĸ׻ὫҶܰһЩ㣬˼ҶҽұԸģû뵽˵ˡ
廹δָҪʱʺȥϰ࣬ۻ鸴ʱ齫øΪءҶ˵
ҶҶҽҸоöˣӦûµġܰ˵
ҶЦҽ״ġ

֪ܰҶ˵ʵûٱ⣬̾Ҷҽʵڹȥ֮Уһûô˾֮ǰ˾ܹתΪԭļƻʵֻմ򣬹һЩҪ顣񣬹˾һǳҪбĿ漰ܼƸߴϰڣұԸбĿ
ѵ˴㣿Ҷüүү𡣡
ĿǰռҵĲҵڽһԷزΪ帺𶫺ʡҵҸߵģүү齭޺ϸһչšбϾҪʼˣʱʱ˵Ļܡ
ܰ˵֮⣬֮żȥִ֣ΪռڽľֺμҲ׼˴ξꡣ
£ܰıøأȻеĺμҸ˾޴ѹ
ҶĬóܰȻø˵ԼͷѾҪع˾ִֵľ
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ҶЦ취ֻһǾʱߣԱܹʱ״Լڲ鸴ĵһʱѹơ
ֵܰĬˡ
ԭҶβѾܸмˣĻҶרְҽߣ
ȻִҪȥǾͻȥɡ
Ҷ·ܹµܰ˼һ㣬Ц취Ұߡ
ԣ˴ɽΪ˸ܰβһǰƷǸܰƶû̫෴߻˽ͨ˵
ղȰ˵ֻܰܰٴγܲħĥˡ
лллҶҽ
ҶĻܰϹҶл
˯ʮֿɣܰһǶԳ͵ѩͷζųҶ͹ķɫӣңҲɼ
ͻһĻҶһȻ󡭡æŲĿ⣬εûʲô£ȳȥˡ
£Ҷܰػת뿪
Ҷ쳣ܰЩɻֱҶ뿪鷿ʶһص⡣
ûX


039 ɽһ
ܰ㣬㲻ܻع˾
ʱһϲ˯𴲺֪ܰҪع˾飬³鷿Ȱ˵
ܰбϣشЦŷϡ
Ÿոպתع˾ϰô죿鸴ô죿ۿܰڣټ죬ǻǹɨһ㡣
Ĺģܰһůٵ˵£Ҷҽ˵ʱΪƣȷҲֲ鸴״
ʲʲô
һͫ׶ȻŴ󣬶Ǳȵβ͵èһֱܰ㣬͸ܻع˾ϰˣ
Ϊʲô
˾֮ģ˽֪
һԭǸɫǾͶ㲻⣬ԺҪǸΪβһǳҪԶĽడ
˵Ҷҽôˣ
ܰûصһۣȴԼ鲻Խ͵ֵζҲԼûµ飬˲һƬ
ꡭܰ㣬㲻ѾǸһɫ˰ɣۿܰɫ糺죬ﲨһߵСŮ̬ʡ
ô˵ҶУ˼ҶҽҶҽǺˡ͵еܣܰæ飬һ
˵лûУһɳʵ׵ļƣǸо·ֻҪܰҳϣҪȥҶһ㡣
㰡һԴʲôأ
ܰվûԴûµĻҪңæſбء

ܰôһ˵Ǿܰ˼ڹϣӦûûеҶ壬ȴĵѵܰ㣬һǾӦؿһҵ顣
һΣܰԲᣬٴбϡ
ðɣ֪Ұѵ㲱ϣҲع˾ġ
˽ܰӣ֪ܰһͲı䣬ֽǽײҲͷˣֻ÷Ȱ˵ȴѵִҪع˾ǸһߣҲҪǸһģҪıɱΡ
֪ˡ
ܰЦã֪ԼǲӦӾԻɮһ߶һ졣
ҾͿԷȥϲˡ
ܰӦʵʩǰƶġϲԼΡƻϴȥɽҽ;Уִ߾ɫֻΪܰĲͣЩźܰĲȶˣֲź
·;գԼҪСġ
ܰһ䣬ȴףպԶɱһ·İȫҲû̫ġ
ôһϣ֪ܰΪû˼ˣͬʱȻ뵽ҶҪԼȥ˾ȴûʽ·
뵽ܰбϣǰҶҡ
Ҷս۵ıʼǱ˺üϷߣߣڽ̻ҶϷսΪҪѧȥЩСȥۻˡ
С㣬𣿡ܰվſڣҶŤͷʡ
ҶҽģҴϽʺϰ·
ԭܰΪͽ飬ЩҶҶϷûɾЩ棬һʱҲˡ
Ҷһ㶣·
š
ܰ˵ͷҲûпȥʲô˵Եɣ룬ֵܲ빫˾һԣȥ˾ϰҪʽһЩС
ðɡ
Ҷ˵ͷѧţ֮еġšԱΪܹҪװɲͬȺȻ֪ͬвͬװĵ
ҶͨΡǺɻشӦܰҲûо⡣
Ϊͨ飬ҶʮֲֿΪҪǣҶ¶ĽԲС¡
֪ΪûʽţΪԭܰΪҶȥ·صʮӻױ硣
ʮӺܰ磬
ţ
ҶѾԵܰǼĴܰʮ־ޡ
ܰͷڼͷϻŵױԵ˫۾һЩ촽ͿĨ˵ɫˡ
ȻӰĺɫȹµˮϻһ߸Ь˫Ե޳ĸӸ
ֵעǣߵӣܲõԼ͹ԣһʱеİƤԻһֻԶۣµĸо
֪ΪΣܰδռұڿҪԿҶȥ·Ҷ廹δָʺϿΪɾܾ
ҶҲûռұڿԼ䵱˾
ڶ³ԵʣʮӺҶܰҵ
æĹܰ޷ͨŮʱϽֹ·Ҫôɲ÷ʦҪôǵ֪ƷƵ깺
ֻǡ
첻֪ΪΣܰûдҶֱƵȥһһ㣬ڽͷżһЩ䡣
ףǲܰ𣿡
ҶܰһװƷƵ߳ʱһλڶ¥Ĳ¥һŽ겻俴ܰòᣬ˵ܰһõ壬Ӳ˽Ӵôôһ˹أ
ܰ˹֣㿴˰ɣ
һͬȲĻ꣬Ǻ֮ǰһƣںĹӸ磬Ȼ˵ܰ¼ʱһ˵ǲţͷ⣬˳ָȥ
ܰ
̫߳˰
ѵܰһֱװģ
϶ǣŮϵŮ
ۿܰҶ粢ҵϣԵʮܣӸȺ󷢱ԼĿ
Ǹ˭
Ժ󣬼ͬһʱ䣬Ӹʮɻ
Ǹܰβҽɣ
һӸ뵽ʲô˵շǸһ֪һҶҽܹܰĲָʾΰײǸҽүӵ֪󣬴͹˺Ƥþ˹ΰշͽ˾֣
ҲҼͷ˵顣
һӸӵҼͷӻպԶΪʲôҪôأϾշѡĽӰˡ
ӦΪ˰ܰ͹ݵһϷŰɣûñܳ翪ڵĹӸ
ܳûô˵ҲɱռүҪѪˡ
֮Ψһһ۾ĹӸ磬ЦЦͬʱ룬ռҵļ߶ŹҵĻᣬǺμң
湻ΪܰŮˣжռͷָΪӰ˵Ļͺٶʤϣ
һͺμδӰ˺ηﻪߵýĹӸ磬̲סЦǺʱ֣û׼ɽһˡ
⻰һʣӸû顣
ΪǶ֪ΪռҽӰ˵շӸηﻪЬʸûУ


040 䶯
á
ⶰںĵĸ¥ƽףպķֵۣܼʮڣռֵǮһ¥̣ͬҲռ̺ŵܲ
̺ܲ⣬̺ŽϹ˾İ칫صҲá
峿ҶʻܰS700¥µͣ
ͣ£ܰ⿴ҶһۣҶްţѽ˴԰һ㣬󿴿ҳ򣬾ʮʡ
ܰĲ٣ǵҶͷһ˾ţǵҶӦݡ
߰ɣ³
ܰ˵ţҶ³ƿ³ҶĸԸѾ漣ˣĻҶռұΪţ
ҶȥֲͬܰһɫְҵŮװͷص¶˰Ĳ³ޡ߹Ϣ
³ָ˪ӣǹ߹Եøԣһ־ǧĸо
ȶԣҶȻܰصΪĳƤЬȴûְӢĸое㹫Ӹͷ
ৣ
ٽ򿨣ͣ˲٣Щ˼ܰר󣬱һֱĿʱܰҶ³һʱ佫ĿͶ˹ȥ
ȿ֮ܰԼͬؽĿͣҶϡһ˭
ûд𰸡
Ҳû˸ܰʺãЩ˷ɿһƲ󣬷׷׽ĿŲӿŲһ¥
һ¥ǰ̨Ӵǲûǰǰվñֱ˫ڸ˵Цʲô
ףǽôˣôһǼȥͶ̥һܿ죬һǰ̨ӷ쳣̲סʵ
ڹȥ֮Уܰǰȫƣû˾ԱǶٱЩɢ񵱳ܰʱҵҵ
ܻ˰ɣһӿˣļУʱЩԱıֺͰǰһޡ
ણણ
ڶӵĻո£߸Ьײſڴܰ˪ز
աܣ
ۿ֣ܰǰ̨èһ㣬һŵɫף˸˵Щˡ
ȻǶڵĸղǸɢܰС
Ƕܰ˽⣬ǱܰһĻǾҪ̸ˡ
ǲԸԵĽ̺ŽϷֹ˾Ȼϸ񣬵ҪȽҷزҵҪúܶࡣ
һĻҶ̾ܰ˾֮ߣȴףֵܰǿƣȴһŮˡ
ǰ̨ǷĵǣܰûǣĿбӵǲܲרݡ
ҶһߴŴװޣһ߲ظܰܰһͬݡ
ţ
ǰ̨ӻһЩԱȻҹȥܰҶˣȴš
ʱۿҶֻܰܰһʸרݣһǴһ㣬Ŀɿڴ
Ǹ˭
𾪹пһĻ˶аԼ
Ҷ֪ԼղľٶЩ˴ȥ𾪣Ҳ޷Ԥ齫̺ŽϷֹ˾ܲľκˣȤشܰ
Ҷҽôˣ
Ҷ˽붢ţ֪ܰΪΣЩţ֮࣬Ǹ˪ı鵴Ȼ޴棬෴һ㣬ȥҶĿ⡣
˵㱻̽Ϊܲã֮ǰЩأһʵҶЦҼʶһ棬Ҳᱻֳƭ
֮٣ҶҽЦˡ
ܰԣԳһЦЦݳ˿ɬŮôպԶ֧֣Ҳ޷ס˾ЩԪϡ
Ϊ˾Ȩߣ޷סˣǱʧְ
ôЦأҪ˵ֻ͡ҶܹܰЦݣοң϶ܱøá
Ҷҽһͨ죬ЩСˡܰЦ뵽ҶҪ֣βѡ
ҵרҾ̣ǾɵǮҶЦſ˸Ц
͡
ܰԣʱˣһЦ֮䣬һʢİٺϻʤա
Ƭ̺󣬵ڶʮ¥ͣ£Ŷһ죬Ż򿪡
ܰ߳ݣҶ칫ҡ
칫ſڣһ׳¡ȹŮƺ֪ܰҪѵȺʱܰ߳ݣæӭϣܰҶ󣬽ŲȴǲܿƵͣˡ
ǿʲô˼һ㣬ɬվԭأĿһضҶȫһͷ⣺˭
ܣ
ûд𰸣ŮܿӾлع񣬿첽ӭܰҶܰʺá
λҶһͬЭҵĹһ칫Ұ칫
Ů񹻿죬ܰҲûֻ֣ǳҶͲȥۺϲˣ֪ͨۺϲΪҶ칫ʩ
ǣܣ
Ůɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴûҶʣǵһʱ¡
ҶҽԭҴһ칫ңһѾûпİ칫ˣֻίͬһ칫Ұ칫ˡ
ܲõİ칫ңܰǸؿҶԭ뽫ҶԼİ칫ҵģֻܷ
ЩҶЩ
ãġҶνЦЦԣ﹤ȫǸӣȻЩ
Ҷ⣬ܰΪҶһˮҶҽһᣬҿһ½Ĳϡ
Ҷӹˮ˵ͷشܰİ칫ҡ
˾ܵİ칫һܰİ칫ܴԲεİ칫Եʮִ칫Ǿ޴شվشǰԸӽµĳС
࣬һţһСңƽʱܰϢõġϲ࣬һڵʮ룬װ鼮в鶼зĹĺۼ
ϸڣҶ֪ܹܰպԶأڵ漣żȻŬܲɷ֡
͵Ҷܰ칫ҵͬʱһذϢ̺ŽϷֹ˾ܰһ˻ص˾Ǹ˳רݣ
һʱ䣬˾Ա֪ǸܰרݵǺηʥ
УһЩ˽뷨֮ж
ⲿܽǸ˭һۺϲ¹ϵõвɲͲס棬ͨ绰̽
ͬĺܣЦܰҲ֪
ܵѻδɣܲа֮ȼգΪⲿϵãҲûȥʲô
ܰ˽ܵģЩǲҪ˵ˣǱһ״ҪԲ˶߰ѵ
Ȼ֪Ҳǰ˵˵ܲЦЦˣæɣϢǵøһ
ӦһҶϵ绰
塪
绰ٴ±ΪͲסԼЩͷһ绰һʱͨã
ãⲿ
绰ͷɫӵ֪ͨƸһλҶһͬЭĹ˵ҶͲǱˣͷ˰ѵϽΪҶ׼칫ʩҶһ칫ҡ
á
ºܸɴӦϲް㲻ܹܰͬרݵˣҪﱨأ
ǸҶļһԲô򵥡
ţµһʱ䰴ָܰʾ绰ΪҶ׼칫豸
ܿ죬ҶܰϢ̺ŽϷֹ˾ܲһƬȻ
ͬʱϢԾ˵ٶȴ˽ϵز硭


041 ǽж
Ϊ̺ŽϹ˾ĸܣΰӵһİ칫ҡ
İ칫ԵݿڣҸܾİ칫Ұš
Ϊ˴Ӱ칫ſ·ԵʣΪ¸ǽжΰ󾭳Ű칫š
Ҳ⣬ʱΰϰԵع˷š
ܰİ칫һΰİ칫ҲһСҡ
칫Һΰû׼ķԲϣߵСſڣŶ롣
ΪȷܰΰĹ˾쵼ϢʱţСǽںʹʵģЧѡ
СΰƤóűõֻһţԼֻ
һУΰæͨһμĺ롣
٣ҡ绰ܿͨΰһηʺá
֪㣬ֱ˵¡
绰ͷΪμδӰ˵ĺηﻪһܰ칫ҸΪİ칫мһ֧ѩѣһѩѣһ߿ڣӹɡ
ƺӦ˺ηﻪǿ·ΰǵûиеǸΪ𾴣٣ܰص˾ˣ׼Ը𡮱һĿͶ깤֮⣬һˡ˵Ǹ˺һͬרݣұһְλĿǰ˾ڴ۷׷ס
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ηﻪԣѩѵڿһ٣ֱӣʣ֪Ǹ˵ô
ֻ֪֪Ҷ
ΰЩɻļУϵزûҶܰûƸ
Ҷηﻪ΢΢һȻЦԭˡ
֪ˣΰѿʵ
ηﻪʣת䣺ΰĲְˡ
Ρ٣ҡ
ηﻪ仯ΰ΢΢һ֮¶˼־֡
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һ£ηﻪ֪Ҷͷȴһ֪صʧְ
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ۿηﻪûзΰ˿ȴ֪һĿռҺͺμҶԣһܴĵ⣬˫Ϊ鵰⣬ʹ˻ľ֣һ˹ٳ
µĽĿͶ깤ĹԱΪĶƷۡб
۷ָɵ͵˳۲ڳɱ۵ͶļгϸƼͨϸͱΪб˵귽
һͱ˰ĿԡʩҵͶ۽ܷб꣡
ֻҪμ֪ռҵͶ۸񣬱ø͵ļ۸б꣡
һμб꣬ռҶԣһشĴ
ϾϰڵĿǿģοܴĹص㹤Ŀ
ͨΰСزֻ룬Ȼ첽ҵĶ䣬Ͱ
ܰܰ˵ò׼һúõҪһߵͣⲻôֻߣΰЦֹ
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ڵְܾ칫ءߣߣϷҶŸղһУһ˼ı顣
룬Ҷ¸ܰ
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ҶȻֵܾͷΣȴǹͷ⣬ΪˣܰûкȥμӽĻ顣
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Ҷȴ֪Լ˵ײԱе˾쵼ǹע磬ڡߣߣϷУӢڽ
ٽʮʱ򣬻籧һļϻص칫ҡ
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ҲˣҸҪͼλܼ飬Ҵȥ緹ڲԻȥԣеļĶͷһǸı顣
ǹ񰡡
ҶԣЩܰôƴȥӹܷ񿸵סȴûе˵ЦЦԵˡ
Ҷ˾ʱ򣬲Ѿɽ˺ȥ洦ɼȺһԷԱ
ৣ
Ҷ֣Щ˾ԱһǷ´½һ㣬һʱ佫ĿͶҶ
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ҲѣôǶ֪ңΧۣҶЩ档
̲סһЦҶ֪ڹ˾ΪܲãҶµúܡһ˾һ˵ܳר¥ֱ֮Ϊܵôһ㲻Ѱ
ԭҶЦŴȤû׼˻ҵССء

û뵽ҶؿܰЦЩȻ֪νӻ
һ磬ҶڡߣߣϷжȹġ
ƻʱܰù˾ڲ绰ҶҶҽ°ˣڵݿڵҡ
á
Ҷ˳Ϸϵԣ뿪칫ҡ
ܣȬ廹Ҫ̫ˣҪϢҶһţһϤѭȥ
ӳҶһװˣʮӣһǶߵ۾ϵЦݳ׺һ̽羫ӢϢ
ллܹġ
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Ҷܰܰΰ֮ߣ㽫ߵĻʻ˶ӡ
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ڤ룬峿ȭϰ࣬ϸܰ
ҶƽϿȥͨ˵ԼȴΧ֮һ蹵
Ϊ̫ˣΧ˿æµ
Ϊֵܰ磬ÿƺæĹԵļӰࡣ
Ҫѧݽϣôȥ¡һ죬˯زȿҶĵѵ
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ЦЦֻ֪֮ܶŬܻرο˾ҪнҪһͶ꣬æӦõġ
ͷҸ㿪ӣ㰴շȥץЩҩһӡ
ӴҶӡ󲻴ʱԷ¶̲סЦ
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Ȼ粻֪ҶҽжôҶܹܰĹֲԲûҽͷʱҶҪԼ壬¼ױȡ
֮Ͱˡ
ҶЦЦͶ뵽Ϸ磬ջظмĿ⣬һļ뿪칫ҡ
顪
Ƭ̺󣬾͵ҶϷɱķʱ򣬰칫
ҶϷɱù񫣬Ҳû⡣
֨
һ죬һװŶ롣
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ֻһۣ㿴ҶϷòֺź󣬶û̧ͷ
ʲô𣿡
͵ͬʱҶ̧ͷ꣬ʵ
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־ƽüЩˬؿҶҶ˾涨ϰڼ䲻Ϸô
ֲ̨ԵΣ⡣־ƽĲˬҶЦŽһ䡣
־ƽԣѵҶ䣬תһ룬ҶϾֲ֣ܰѵ
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ҶȻϷҲ֪˸ܼ쵼Ҫܰͨʾ
ãܣۺϲ־ƽ˵Ҫ㱨绰ͨҶձƣֻǽеġ㡣
ϸڣ־ƽüͷø

绰ͷܰҶġʾ˺üӣЦõҶҽӺ󵽰칫ҡ
áҶӦһҶϵ绰־ƽ˵Ӻȥ칫ҡ
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־ƽǲˬһ뿪칫ҡ
Ӻ־ƽܰİ칫ţõŶ롣
ܡ
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ܰģһλѴӳɽŪһϵȵ˲Σͷ͵ǣòӡ
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־ƽӹѧ󣬱ܰƣδɹ²ܰķģһֱûз
ҲҶԭ
ֲĺˣ˲ҾͲҪˡܰüѵ⣬ϰʱ䡣
ܰ˲Щͷˣ㲹á
ֲҸ˵ˣϰʱ䣬ûйĻ°̸ܰ־ƽĻ
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һСʱ
ص칫ңҶȻϷһֹģ
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͵ҶҽģҲ֪˭˽˵ϰʱϷ飬Ūȫ˾졭
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ҶԣԺ˲ĳ־ƽӰӣȻô˵Լȴܰ鷳
˵⣬ֻ˲
ЩŹֵ˵Ϊ˱պϷҸһλãûܿڸˡ
á
ҶЦŵ˵ͷԣϷĻʵڲ֪ڹ˾ҪЩʲô
ͬ˵һҶ˶̬һʮȴת䣬Ŀ˱ġˬ
УŮǱҶʧλǿܵı֣
̵ǣ֮вŮ˰Ͳܹʧλ
ǾܰҶֱϹ˹ۣȴ޲ٻʮȥҶλá
һУҶ˿⡪ܰ⣬ʲô

ΪһĿٽʱܰҶȻȥԼڹ˾Ӱࡣ
Ҷ̫ۣܰܰʵڷĲ£ִҪӰࡣ
֮£ҶֱֻܰϾŵ뿪
ԲҶҽˡȥ·ϣܰһǸ⣬֪ԼѲ֪ǷҶ̫ࡣ
£ܰƣؿϣһҲԸ
ɫĵƹҶϴؿܰԭ˵ΪƤЩƣֻۿڲ˵ȦﻹԿѪ˿˿㲼ˡ
һ̵һ˵ĹβͲݣƾŹļ֧š
һĻҶһҪǻܰĳ嶯ûн嶯ж̾ҵνôȥԽԽ˵鸴ء
֪ûа취Ͷ̫Ҫˡ
ܰƣΰշֱʮꡣμùΰշ䣬˵ʲôұռ˻ڰǮ־һŭ֮ռҳ˺ƤͬʱһЩռҹϵõĺҲ׷׵꣬ȡ˸ռҵĺ˺μӪ
һУռʱͶ꣬μҷȫռҾúμҵóѣͲʧȥϰڹ̵ˡμҾԻȴλռλ
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μң
ܰⷬҶû뵽ΰͨΰеĺǺμҵˡ
²Ҷüͷʱ
Ȼҵ˽٣Ҳ֪ΰǺμҰռҵڼ飬ôб꣬ܰŬҲԱճ
ܰƱҪбľģһĻΪʵܰ޷ԤϵĴ
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ҲκܰĲҶ˴ɽΪܰҽԲɥԼУ
οѽܰѣ
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ҹĻ٣Ƴϣҵƻ𣬵ƹУʣһ̱ðĹŵŮӣ˾̾
һҹΪ֮̽ĺηﻪûЩӵһ켣ǶһϵһҲ¥һŲ裬һҹ
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ηﻪĿҹջأ²豭
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ĺηﻪǹǱһ㣬Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ƿ޷Ա
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¥ϰ˽صǰζηﻪŶȣΪΰ󵹲衣
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ΰЩܳصл֪ڽϵزܹúηﻪԵ˲ࡣ
ҽһΪ˺ʵȷ̺ŽϹ˾ڱһĿͶۣһЩӦõĽΰ󼤶˫ֽӹ󣬺ηﻪżɽ˵ΰĿġ
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Ţ·ʻı۾ٺãҲܳԽ·ϵοԼ
עΰⱲҪԼıϢ
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ΰεص˵ͷͺñںηﻪǰζȻ
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ղ˵ԼĵڶĿҪһЩηﻪԲԼĻ

ηﻪôһ˵ΰȻĶȴʵؾֻܾ˺ٷԸ°ˣԸ轱
˵Ȼݳ󣬻ڷ㣬ܾ𣿡ηﻪЦʡ
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ΰһŵռ޷εļʵ飬Ҳ˺ηﻪϵĴ𰸡
ǶЩиŬʼҳϵǰ
ηﻪںľϣǾӳһΰ󣬵³֮һὫǧһ㣬ȻÿٻȥסһֱΪֹ
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Ϊһΰҳȥһڣֵ𣿡
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ŰߣηﻪǮǮõ׬Ǯ취׬Ǯ͵ûǮΪ׬ǮȥǮ
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Ů˵ĵ٩ηﻪЦЦû
һ棬֪Ů˲ڳЦһΪǰŮǽͷĶŮͬδޡ
ΪŮ˵ͣ²Ů˵ķģƾͬһ̸㶨λڽϹٳȨһٳΪ˺μ޿ĽӰˣ
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֪ǣСʱ׿㷴䳬ˣ


044 г
ҹɫŨԲ̽Դ͵¹ھϪõ԰㡣
ռ2ű鷿ܰǰ˫ֳ°ͣϵͶ걨ۣڳ˼ڷ
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һбʩҵȻʮңռҺͺμ֮⣬ʮ˼ʩҵȫռҺͺμҽȥġЩҵ鵰ûУҪ˵Ҿˣ
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үүģûµġ
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Ҷ˸ӣѧġš£ȡμͶ걨ϲ£ǡԼܰĶ



045 Լ
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үүʮбһڹ̡ǲͬܰǳ˶һ㣬֮š
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ǷţȴȻպԶģֻüͷøܰҲΪͶʵ̫Ҫˣ˿ãҰѰѹذɡ
үүҶҽתڱһڹ̵ϲˡܰԣ̾˿ȴû˵ԴǰҶ
Ϊֻ֪ҪҶպԶԲڲ֡Ԥ˴Ͷ꣡
ͬܰԤϵһպԶĻϵĲȻ޴棬ȡ֮޷εļ㡭˼ҶҽҪְ±һڹ̣
š
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Ҷȴûвܰ쳣ֻǷܰɫת֪࣬ܰΪж˼ϵصõ˾á
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ȻǺܰ˶ԼҲδػȥ½ϴ½л᲻ǣ
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Ǹо·ܰѾѹ·ڴϵˡ



046 
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ܰдա
Ҷг֮ǰΪȷܹбһڹ̣ž޴ѹÿʳһǿҵĽȸУҶг֮Ǻͺηﻪ֮Ȳڴ̿ӵʱú
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047 ¹˭֣
1ǺͶһܹɽһǧˣһֻд͹Ŀбꡣ
Ҷܰһ˵ִ1ʱв˵ִ˴ֱڴ࣬ͬһֳͬӪ
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048 ײĲ
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Ȼ硢ܰҶ˵ı֣˶ЩԾ
Ǻηﻪ
ԤУҲܰԻܰ˲
ܰǵûбñ෴һݵصȴλԱ̺ŽϹ˾Ͷۡ
Ƿݵʹݣղſ̺ŽϹ˾ųԱĿɿڴʱй֮޲
ֽȻķúηﻪвǿҵĲ
Ⱦ˼ܰһݣ֪ΪΣȻӿֳһͷûаܣ
ͷ˵Ļ˵Ĳʵǡǿռ˵Ļܰôֵܱ̹Ȼ
ѡѵ
ͬʱ֮ǰЩΪռҰ˵ˣԼͬаԼ
ûд𰸡
ٴολԱȴ
һʱ䣬ձ֮ǰԵøΪţλԱжЩСĻϵزͷһȫֵĽ
ৣ
Ժ˵עУλԱ̺ŽϹ˾Ͷ걨ۣͫ˲ŴǱˡ
~
𾪹³һȻһּΪ͡Ŀ⿴ܰһһ̺ŽϹ˾Ͷ걨ΪһʮǧһٶʮǧԪ

λԱĻ£ټĴѻȸҶܰ⣬˷׷׵ɴ۾һؿλԱ΢΢ſ㵣һֵĵ
һ룬룬롭
ӣǲ½ӾлعһǱһ㣬ԼͬؽĿͶܰ
֮ǰμұ۲ͬһΣܰı൱ƽ
աܣ
һ̺ŽϹ˾ԱǴ˼ѪһλǼؿܰǸо޲ҪĤܰ
ܣӮˣ
ҲվȻ֪ͶΪλ֮ǰоĲͬǡʱûȥЩֻ֪б̺ŽϹ˾
ৡ
̺ŽϹ˾ԱҲ׷վݵؿܰ
û˵ʲô
ƺһ̣ǶԣκԶԵǶģ
һֱ˵СܲáŮкܵδ̳йܼһȻ鴫
յ󣬿ûٻ˵ηﻪǽ̽˰ɣ
ǵȻСԶˡ
Ծݲȣʤ꣬ʼ̨ķ緶Ҫ˵ηﻪЩ̽Ҳ˰ɣ

һʱ䣬ռӪЩߺĵؽ֮͸ܰ
ȶԣμӪǱߵߣ˳ĬǳĬ
ǣЩηﻪǰĹӸ磬ҲĬˡ
Ȼ֪ηﻪռҰڼ飬˽ηﻪӣ֪ηﻪӲûյ̣Ȼηﻪ˵±һڹ̿϶µġ
ǶԺηﻪΣοηﻪԼ
Ҫ֪ǰ֪ռҵͶ걨۰
ңֱǰصΰ飬ܰǷ顣
˵Ѿ޷ˣ
ǡ
пʵһĶϣһشݺݵغǿŽϣһ½Ƿݽ÷飡
ۣŤضܰƺ뿴ܰģӶ֪ܰʲôΪʲôʱ̷̣
ϧǣûж޷ܰǵıϿκè塣
ǣֽĿͶܰԵΰǱĿ·ΰǲǱΰô£
ãȻ
ΰһãȻ
ΪȺηﻪ֪һеô£
̺ŽϹ˾ıʱֳģҽ˽õϵģȥʵʱ⿴һۣȷϱû
̺ŵͶ걨ȴˣ
ֳηﻪһãȻģǸߺηﻪΰӦûб򣬲Ӧ⸱顣
һ棬ΰ֪³ܰ÷ƵĻΰļҲ͵ΪֹˣûҪװ׳һϷ
~
ȷΰԼ󣬺ηﻪ³һĹԱгиСС󡣡
˵
ȻηﻪĻܴ̵ǲµ˺ηﻪ⣬Щá
뿴̺ŽϹ˾ı顣
ܺηﻪ֪Լ⻰˵ں壬ǡµѡ񡪡ĳ˵ԽʧܣܽԼ׳һܰŪ֮䣡
ΰûбĻ̵ܰİ취ֻһǱ
ô㻳Ūٲɣ
Ȼ˺ηﻪҪɫ˲üΪѿ
ΪĳгںٳҲܹŵϺŵģμȻҲ뺫׼ңǺηﻪԶԶûʸ
ǸгֻԼһЩӶסνѵηﻪҧҧ֣Ǹо·𲻼ײĲᡣ
ûпֻ䶢źηﻪĿеŭûκεΡ
ۿ峹׶ŭռӪ߶һֻı飬μӪǱǶúηﻪòʧ
ҲףΪμҽӰ˵ĺηﻪһֱʻ֮У˺ôһд˺ηﻪ㹻ĽԸǡǡǷݽԸľٶ
ãҲ˵ָԤĿ
ۿηﻪײĲᣬͻȻЦˣ˶еŭ⣬Ԥϵǣӽ𣬺μǰ׵ˡ
£ݸһ񣬺æ̺ŽϹ˾ı飬첽ߵηﻪǰޱؽ˺ηﻪ
ӹ飬ηﻪ̷ͣģĿضͶ걨ۣĿͷ·Ұ޶
ֻǡ
һ̡
Ͷ걨ϵ֮ǰ˵һ޺еļֺͲʶʱΪУؿϡ
ηﻪߴң̺ŵͶ걨Ƕ١
״ؿˣٳɢ侮ʯںηﻪ˺۵ϲһ
Բг
ܺηﻪΪ׵رܰϷˣкܲʡܷŭǵִָָ侲һʱϹϴ
ߣ
һ˦뿪ηﻪεĻᣬЩǰĹԱרҼ״׷档
ηﻪμֱ˷۱
һĻжӿһͷ
ηﻪԼȻҲıÿⶼ΢΢ЩŤ
ʤΪΪܡ
Ϊʧߵûȥܰʲôûȥܰɫش뿪
ηﻪƺһ¡
ۿηﻪҪߣܰˣȴ
ηﻪŲ΢٣ǰߣ½ضҶвСӣòҪû¡
ԭҶԣĵǸȼŮٻҪۣҲϲв
Ҷ󲽳źηﻪȥ




049 ûҳ飡
ͬΰշ𵱹һ½ǺηﻪĹӡ
ˣηﻪҲܰԺȥ½ϴ
ӣְӵԼˡ
½һ㣬Եܰ˵ηﻪƺһ¡仰󣬵һʱηﻪǰ
ûûȥʤΪܰа壬ȴҶ
ֻǡ
û뵽ǣǸʼճĬԱҶ½вǵûʶȤѡܣұֵøΪŰ裬ֱ½ìͷ׼ĺηﻪ
ô
ϻҶĻҶηﻪһˣܰ⣬˾ӿֳһͷ
С֣˰ɣ
˾㵵ıУԺηﻪΪ׵һͣ˽Ų½ǻðɵسҶ˹
һĻ˶Ҷľٶ½½ȻҪҶѵ
һﻹǲ֪ߵغ񰡣ɴܣһ˲ʲô
һͬʱռҡμӪЩߣ׷׾Ҷӱżˣûκͬ顣
ǣ̺Ϲ˾ЩˣΪҶʱҶҪײ½ηﻪһ˵ǹڣǵûͬ飬һֻģ
ηﻪԭͱһӻûʱҶ֪ƣȻ½йŭ
ܣ
Ժ󣬾Ҷ½ʱӾлعǵǵسܰѵ
ȻˣֻܰҶһٶˡ
¡
֮ͬǰռұǰһܰһݣ֮¶žԵΡ
С֣Ӵ֣һλᣬԴʮ⣬¾ˣ
ܰ£½ߵҶǰ鸩һҶӹɣ
һ̣ȨڵײǰšԵչֵ쾡¡һְ취Ҷ
Դô
Ҷ̧֣
αأ
Ҷľٶܰ˶׼ҶҪԴ⣬ΪҶûҳ顣
½
¶ǸȨĵſЦ
ʱҶӳ֣ٶȼ죡
ž
ĶȻȴҶԴ⣬һ½ϡ
ƹ£½ŲſЦݵϳָӡֵȻԵ

ͻһĻóܰˣ˲ɴ۾˲䱻һ⣺Ҫʲô
ž
Ȼ½ӵأҶһǶ⣬ֱӽ½𣬵һߣ
ס֣
Ҷٴγ֣úηﻪӾлعһʱֹ
ϾҲҪˣ½ĹӣΪάȥѵҶġ
Ҷ½⣬еڴ
ûᡣ
֡
֣
ҶųȣڽѵһͣسŰƣžž֮ڶ½ķһΣǲһʼ޷ء
ס֣
ڣҶʮǶʱ򣬺ηﻪ˳嵽ҶǰĿضҶȡ
䡪
Ӧηﻪһ죬ðǵĺηﻪȻأ׵ͷһȫʧȥʶ
֪ʲô𣿡
ηﻪûȥᱻιȥ½ضҶһͷŭҰޡ
СĶԼˣҪҵǸ
ҶɫƽӭϺηﻪԹĿ⣬赭дڣԶֶԼˡ˸ղ˵Դʮ⣬ųȥ
ˣ
һˣ
ҶĻ£ֳһƬȻ
ܰ⣬˶ΪҶˡ
ƺǿֻܹ˵ҶΪ
Ͼϣûһ˸ںηﻪǰţ
δй
˵ʲô
ηﻪЦˣЦһ㣬ϷʵؿҶ
ҵĻֻ˵һ顣Ҷޱؿźηﻪ⣬ǧҪҵĻ
٣ϻʲô
ûС̫ˣɫ
٣㿴Ƕ֣ǽ

ٴҶһĻȺһ궯ηﻪЩӸǷŭسһĦȭƣǸоֻҪηﻪһ£ҪҶʬһ㡣
Ҷһζˣ
˵עУȻţȻ󡭡ŵ棬Ȼ£
ž
ꡪ
켸ͬһʱҶµĵذש˲ѡ
ɲǼ䣬ЩӸķŭȻֹ
ٴһİ
ΰȾǱôȶϵģ볢һζҲ
ĴٴҶԭ赭дЩӸȴħİǵ˲¶һֽ־һҶ
ռҡμӪΧҲ׷׵һ
ηﻪضҶ
һ̣ʵ֪ҶƾʲôЩϹӸǰţ
ƾҶղչֳֵô
ֱǸߺηﻪˡ
ǡ
ʵ벻̡ĸҶţ
ѡѵǾҶҵˣ
ηﻪͻȻ뵽ϽǸڻ֮۵ļ壬ǡֱӸˡ
ΪԿ϶ҶǸ壬ܸܰҽȥܰĹ˾һССܾ
ҶҺСֻǿЦѣûҪ˽ɣ
Ĭ󣬺ηﻪ˫һ̨ףʱܿҶķâȻȥҶݣҶʮٱػ
ԺηﻪءҶЦˣЦĻôŵעأЦ
㡭
ԭηﻪΪԼ˺һ˫һ̨ףҶʶȤ£ʱҶĲ˵ǣδ޺ʱŭָֹ֣Ҷһһϣף粻ܴܴ˺ܶ࡭ܶ࡭
ҪųȥˣҶЦʡ
СӣҳܴǴ򲻹㡣㣬ֻҪ㶯һָͷұ֤úܲң
ηﻪȥˣҶĹ½δ޺ҪԴĻպûڽˣ
οҶĸҶִҪ˵ҶԼռҶҪΪ˸ۣ
ϾҲΪ˺ͺҵӣӲܣ
һ£ţҶͷԼ֫ܰҲӦеϵʱֹ
ò˵ηﻪС̴úܺá
ǡ
Ҳû뵽ǣһУܰ޶ԣֻһؿȺеҶ¶һ
һ㣬ηﻪˣܰȵܰҶһָͷպҲݡ
ķϻ̫ˡ
Ҷޱش˺ηﻪĻȻӳ̽ȡһ㣬һץסηﻪ·ӡ
㡭
ۿҶ֣ηﻪ¶˼ֻֿš
ҶûٷϻȻһᣬСһֱӽηﻪӵȻ󡭡Ƕһ˦
ಣ
ηﻪڿն𣬼ٷſڡ

ڶϺХƹл㱣ηﻪֻӿ죬鲻Խغ
ѵ
ܿ죬Ȼֹȡ֮һ죬ηﻪݺݵײڴϣ˺Ȼء
ͬʱܵĳһ㣬ԼͬؽĿͶſڡ
һ̡
ؿǸڽ̽ᴺĺμҽӰˣһֻϺһڵϣ鴤ֹ
ٴһİ


050 ĻӢ
ô£
͵˱ҶΪסͬʱ½ΧһƬɻѡ
ɻӿ֣½࣬زϴʹҲ˸ղԼҶ顣
ʶ̧ͷƺ뿴ηﻪûΪͷ
һ̧ͷ½㿴Ҷվھ׵ĵطվЩӸ硣
ģǻŸʲô
ۿҶȻ½˲ȺҺηﻪˣһŴӵһ߶ЩӸŭ
ŭΪԼˣЩӦôҶΪһسӣɵվ
Ρ٣
½ŭ̫ЩӸγѣȺӾлعȴûȥ½ǿ첽ſڡ
ȻǶԣηﻪİΣ½ҪˣοѾҶ˿־壬˻ҶԶһ㣿
ţ
ЩӸľٶ½һʶسſڿȥȻηﻪһһڵϡ
ͻһĻֱŵ½̱˵ϣ
ôˣ
Ǿؿſڵĺηﻪʡ
٣û°ɣ
·Ϊ˻Ӧ½ƵģȻعӸ嵽˺ηﻪǰæҵؽηﻪ
ҵײúηﻪղ˶ݵĻԣʱͬ˹ֻûµĹͷǶƵģĵʹȫ
һﵽʲôˣ
ôҲҴ򣿣
ۿηﻪɫףϹһ½вµηﻪҲˣû
ſڣηﻪЩӸʾԼû£ùӸǷ֡
ЩӸ״׷ɿ֣ɷ˵վںηﻪ
ȻǶΪηﻪҪ˵Щʲô
½ߡ
ηﻪˣȴЩӸԤϵҶܰʾ½뿪
ǡ٣
޷ܺηﻪʵ½ûʱȥˣشӵ첽˺ηﻪǸо·ɱ׷ɱƵġ
½صηﻪԺ󣬺ηﻪſҶһۣɭĺ⣡
ηﻪĿеĺ⣬Ҷȴûһη壬һŵͱȥЩŵûɢˣ
ۿηﻪһԵش뿪ЩμӪѾû˼ȥˣ׷һ뿪˴
ЩռӪˣǸɫӵؿ˿ҶȺܰ
ǵ뿪ֻʣ̺ŽϹ˾Ա
УΰǵһʶҶһ㣬ǴɬؿҶҶѵηﻪ½ľٶ֮ǰ̺ŽϹ˾ʱ̷̴𺳻Ҫ
ʵ޷ʲôҶҶһУ
ռô
ΰΪռܹסҶ
Ժηﻪ˽⣬ӽ쿪ʼηﻪͺμҽ᲻ϧһռҿս
ƾ飬ηﻪܽһ£ռܷԱ˵ôܱҶ
һĻ磬ҶĿܸӣͣǵǣ
ȶԣΪ׵ľˣȻҲ֪ηﻪưոݣҶĿûͣеֻ
û

ΪǾãҶһʱˬˣȴ鷳̺ŽϹ˾ռңֱͷԼ򵥡֫
ˣܣǵͶ걨ôˣ
ڶҶĲԣӹĸղб飬ΪܾӪܵøղŵķʵ̫ˡ
Ļһڣΰڣ˷׷ױתעĿͶܰ
ܹбһڹ̣ȫҶĹͣ
ҶΪһֱӢ۱˾ԱҲͰˣ˶ҶʢΪҶеڲܰش𣬱˵˵ʵ
ʲʲô
ܽѾΰ̫𺳣ǡ˵̺ŽϹ˾ΪҶбĺһЦ
Ϊǵ֪Ҷǹ˾棬ϰʱϷ⣬ûɹһ£
ȴ˵̺ŽϹ˾ܹ±һڹȫΪҶ
Ҳ˵ûҶǵŬΪ׷ѣ
ֽȻķĵ𺳼ֱ޷ݣ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ٴνĿͶҶĿгžɣǸоͷ·һʶҶһ㡣
磬ܰҲҶᡢ⣬ʱһĿɿڴģ֤ʵ˵ûûҶǲ±һڹ̡

ԭĻ㹻ˣܰһڣΰ˵ŵøˡ
Ϊ֤ܰʵǴ˶ղǷɣеֻ𾪣
һôܳΪ󹦳
аԼͼȥеè壬ʾ֭Ҳ벻Ȼ
ܣΪʲôô˵գ̲סٴοڣʳеɻ
⣬ΪشһЩ
ܰĿؿΰҶ콻UΰںͺηﻪһЩԻ¼ӶȷΰǺηﻪԵףҶĽʵʩ˽ƾͼƵĲԡ
⣡
ԵʣΰղžҶԵ׵£ܰôһ˵Ǳ͵еһ㣬ûһ飡
ܣҲ֪顣
ȫŵ⣬ܰŭĿ⣬һı飬ΰؿԼ
ΰ治֪
Ϊִܰƾͼơļƻװɵΰܾãΰװɵ㶣ŭˡ
ţ
һٴ˸е⣬֮࣬׷˼ҶΰеĹ
ΰй¶˾˴ιڱһڹͶ걨ۣӺϼȡ棬֮⣬ǺϼŰ̺ŵԵס
ȻܰԵɣҶһУӶƾͼƣ˳˴̣
ΰԵף
ܰգȫԭء
ǿΰ󲻵ǹĸ߲ǿΪ˾˾޴ף˰պԶڵȼ쵼ʶǰ;ôҲԵ׹ҲϹ
֮࣬ʶؽĿͶΰ
ƹ£ؿʲôʱ򶼻¶ź͵ϣʱȫһ־ŵռݡ
ΰˡ
ǵģ
Ѿһ׼ǵֺǻˡ
ԭ˻ܰĻһЩɣǲΰ쳣֪ܰ˵ûΰԵ׵Ļڵһʱ䷴·ĺһֻţ
ΰΪʲôҪô
ΰֱ̫ɶˣ
ǣܺͼ쵼֮ãȻ޲飡
ΰΪ£˾е裬̺Ϲ˾ĳ裡
ܣҽþ顪ΰΪԼΪʹĴۣ

׼ΰԵ׺һ˷ŭޱȣǸоʱΰҪ֮ǰҶɶǧ򱶣
ΰüͷšһĬƺô졣
ԲҶ֮ǰǶˣԭ¡ŭؽѵһΰ뵽ʲôתͷҶǸ
£ǾԼ⻹һǷϹľٶ
̺ŵԱ״Ҳ׷һǷ΢΢ϹʵжҶǸ⣡
һĻüĸоǷ·ΪĻӢ۵Ҷ
ܰҲЩΪҶΪе
ûϵ
Ҷһƽʼնûں˵Ŀ



051 
֪ΪΣۿЩ͡ĽԼ¡ͬö񶾵ԹԼ˵׷ҶǸΰĳִ̼һ㣬вٿֻţǾЩЦ֮лһ˿м
ΰ㻹Ц״ʱŭֹҲһŭصΰ
ѵǲǵΪܿЦô
ΰҲҲ㾪ţΪ˵ġǽͷݡܰȻͨԵһ½ƾͼƵ˴̣ʼûбѹηﻪ
ߣԵع⣬ƾһ£ԺηﻪμҶüֵ
һ£ηﻪǨŭĿԲ
෴ΪҶղŹηﻪ飬ηﻪƱػһسӣȻռҶ
ͨô̺ŵԵףռҿĹٳϾҪݵˣμҿĴһǺηﻪϵĴ˵Ǿǰ׼ݶӵˣΪֲ
ΰѾˣŷɻһĽ
ΰ޿ֳ׼ŭܰ⣬㲻ηﻪ㣬һܷɵƲã
ΰƲƲ죬ƺܰóԼͺηﻪʵ̫޴ˡ
ΰǲײĲᰡĹۣúÿԱߣΰ޿֣ûðɣ˵䣬ָ¥¡
ţ
ΰüͷһǰȻͶ¥ſͣ
ͬʱ
ηﻪ½ȹӸͺϼŵԱ¥¡
¥ĹУηﻪԸղŵֲֻᣬֻû֪ʲô
٣½ˣھʹ绰˷Ǹ֣
һ¥½ԥһ£ҧˣηﻪ֮ԻᰤȫΪģӦΪηﻪһسӣοҶʮ⣬ò
Ȼȥɡ
ηﻪûлش½ĻʾϼŵԱ뿪ͬʱδڶǱܽ顣
֪鲻ڸǵס
٣ҪôԸǸС֣ܿڣȥ죡ϼŵԱ뿪һӸ翪ˡ
ǰ١
ЩӸҲǷ׷ĦȭƵؿźηﻪǸоֻҪηﻪһ£ǱҶ֮ء
ηﻪ˵ʲôȴȺֱ˹
ѵҪþǸС֣
쵽½жʱӿֳһͷǵļУηﻪֶŪйһı
ηﻪо־֧Ӹӳʷ죬ҵ֤
ʷʶߵηﻪǰó֤һй֤֤Ӿ÷ǵֽܵ顣
ץٵģ
ԭ½ΪЩǺηﻪԸҶģʱȻʷĻǶʱԭء
ηﻪüͷﾫ˸ƺеè塣
ʷӳȷûи
ʷӳǾ참Ƚ֤ݣû֤ץǷġ
ûû֤ݱץ˺٣βҪ˵㣬쵼Ҳе𣡡
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054 
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Уǰļ¼ǳԺμҼҲǺηﻪ׺֣֮һļ¼ȫɺηﻪɵġ
һǰηﻪ²ķĺַѾ˼һԺĴƿ͸˽϶ֺõ˶ԷϿɣӶΪμҺĽӰˣ
֮󣬺μúηﻪЩлߵõѡ񡪡͵˾㲻μӣҲҪӣ
ݴӦûúμɣ
ϱʼǱҶţȴûȥչǹϱչһ뿪˱

Ϫõ԰ռ2ű
ܰδ˯Ҳûһ鷿﹤Ǻڴɳϡ
ӻϲµķ磬ܰȴ˿ûȥʱʱؽĿͶſԼǿ齭ʫ١
ܰˣȥ˯ɡĸ˵ӵ
裬˯ɣҵȻ˯ܰĲɵػص
ĸ̾˿ڵҶҽɣ
š
ܰʶص˵ͷ־Щףæŵؽ͵ҶҽҪβ
ܰ㵣ĻԴ绰ʡĸԥһ£ЦŴܰĻ

ĸĻܰǱ͵еһ㣬΢΢ţԶԡ
ԭսۺ͸֪Ҷѧ֣֪Ҷжǿ
Ժηﻪ˽⣬ηﻪ϶ᱨҶ
Ͼηﻪ֪ͬҶгɽ
һ£Ҷٳٲ飬ôܷģ
ΪģһһεؿſںֱΪģͼҶ绰ҲֹһΣֻΪʹȻʼ޷
ܰʵЩʱŮһЩҲġ
׻˵֪Ī֪ŮĪĸΪܰĸףĸγ֪ܰ˼
衭
û뵽ĸô˵ܰһȻֱߵ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴ⴫
֣ܰɫһϲ鲻Խܿȥ
ֳܰ⸱ӭܵģĸ̲סЦһȴû˵ʲôǴҶܰµĿռ䡣
ˣҶҽ
ĸǰŸ¥Ҷ˱ܰһʱɳڵȺɷӣЦӭ
šҶ˵ͷôˣô˯
˯š
ܰǻشţĿҶȾѪɫһ䣬æӭǰץҶӣǵǵҶҶҽʲôˣôѪǲǺηﻪǸ쵰˱ˣ
ûС
ܰĵĻܰǸǵģҶֻůģܵزܰġ
ôѪܰȻץҶ·ţϵĵ˿ɲƭң
̫Щϻ𣬻ʱѪˡ
Ҷұ֯ŻԣĿȴʼͣܰǵǱƯϣƺʮϲֱ˹ĵĸо

ڶҶΣܰδҶĻǳ˿֮ȻԼץҶӣҶЦؿԼʱŵɿ֣˺һȥҶ
廹ûȫָܰҹҪϢҶܰЩΣ⡣
֪
ܰ˵ͷ鲻Խ¶Ҫȥ˯ģٳûлΪηﻪ˱㣬Щġ
İɣò˼죬ηﻪηҶһŵ
η
ܰԣһ
ʱͼ÷ֶγͷηﻪηﻪһ޿֣Ϊǻ㣬޴˼㣡
Ҷȴĵ˵ηﻪҪη
ѡѵҶҽҪñĹϵηﻪô
ݵܰаԼ
ҰѺμЩ¸Ա֤Ūˡ
ܰһ⣬Ҷ͵ݶүүүүֶӦûμҰɡ
ʲʲô
ȻҶľ֮ֱܰӾԭأ
ȻռٷЭ鶼պԶһֲٰ죬ܰڹ񣬿ǡ֪ǺμһռңһЩҵ壬ЩүТ
˵ȻǴ֪ģǡе֤ȴǸĻܣһй޷
Ҷȴõ˺μТЩү֤ݡ
ڸ׳нƿغμ


056 һ
ҹ¹£Ͻ԰ĸԵøľ
ȥټĸֻвһıŵƹ⣬аǰָǶ
ҹǰָûǰĳҲûȥCCưɵȼҴҹӲ죬Ƿ׷ڱźηﻪȴǱߴ
үۿˣô»ûϢѵû𣿡
ĴηﻪɳϣŶȣҡеĺƱȴû˿Ҫȵ˼΢΢üǰָüĿ֮¶żֽһ˿ײĵǡ
Ӿֳ㲦ͨǰָĵ绰ǰֲָҶ
ԭǿúμұȥģɱܹǺڵøһЩһʲôⶼǰָ飬ûκιϵ
úηﻪû뵽ǣʱǰָ绰˵ԽҶͷϣصﹲ͡
ͣϵȵӽŷ˲غƣܷḻúηﻪ־͵Ҳ޲ڡ
ֻǡ
ʱţηﻪѾ͵ζñеҲȻζˡ
ʱֻ֪ǸҶִǷѾȥˣ
٣ˣ˵ҪøɾһЩۼ
ηﻪĽǰָҲЩɻ󣬲ûбֳЦİɣҵǸǽʿɱǸҶĸɱֻûʲô𡣡
ʿ
ĸ֣ηﻪͫ׶ȻŴеĵǶʱʧӰ١
ΪμδĽӰˣȻûкĽʿûԹⲻûܡ֪ʿҲʿ壡
Ȼү˵ɳȥǽʿҾͲˡ
ݵȻ󣬺ηﻪ΢Цŵ֪үܷ½Ǹץң
ôǰָԣ̲סЦˣǸҶģ
š
ηﻪЦ˵ͷԭΪֻܴͦҪȻү˵λʿɱҶɱ׽Ȼ׾١
û⡣
ǰָܸɴͬ˺ηﻪҪ󣬶óֻͨӵĵ绰
Բĺʱ޷ͨ
ܿ죬绰ͨͲﴫС㶯
ţ
ǰָüͷ
ηﻪ״Щɻȴûжʡ
ǰָüٴβͨӵĵ绰
һȻ޷ͨ
ৣ
޷ϵӣǰָɫʱˣ
үôˣһĻηﻪЩ̲סʵ
ҵʱ޷ϵпڶ֡
ǰָ΢˼𸴣Ȼкɻӵĵ绰ΪδͨΪɡߵӻСϳ⡣
Ͼ̫࡭̫⣡
ү˵ǸҶֻ᲻Ҳǽʿ
ǰָرֵúܵǺηﻪǲǰָе쳣еĲֱ־ãҶǽʿ򲻸ó⡣
ǸҶֻ䣬⹦¶ѣṳ̂ѧż㲻Ͻʿ
ǰָܸɴطһ㣬Ϊ˼ǿ˵ʵһ򲽽ǽʿĻĸռһСƨô
ү˵üǡ
ǰָôһ˵ηﻪֽװ˶¾ƱҾͻȥĵصȴүļˡ
á
ǰָͺηﻪţԺȴɸֳҶżӣеƲôҲѹȥ
ͬʱ
ռ1ű鷿պԶϻǰźμҵϣʮء
ռμҵһսȡʤɹˡһ𹤳ĿպԶѴ֪ܰࡣ
Ǹνֱ࣬ӳ嵭һսʤϲá
ΪʤռҡμҵľԣͺҶܰβֻα꣬αǵܴﵽһЧռݾƶ
ԭĻ룬ҶñĹϵռҴӮһս
һĻ޷Ժμ˺ȴҲԸμҾ޴塣
ʱηﻪĳΪŮϺɽҲܶռ̫Ӱ졣
ҶδñĹϵһǺμеĹϵͺռչҷĻҶñĹϵռңռҾԲù
顪
͵պԶеѹصʱ鷿ű졣

պԶʱ䣬ѹ㣬ΪϢǷеϡ
֨
Ӧ鷿
ȸڣպԶЦվСȥ˯
үҶҽҪ
ҶҽҪңպԶԵһ㶣ģ
үҶҽ¥´
ôһ˵պԶٷϻ첽߳鷿ȥҶǰڼҶ¥
ܿ죬պԶŸ¥£ЦݣҶҽܰ绰ҾͺãôԹˣ
ҸΪ±ȽҪǵ̸ЩҶɫ
ŶպԶһҶҽ˵
Ū˺μЩ¸Ա֤ݡҶδرܸ֪ΪռҴܼҵĸպԶεˡ
μһ¸Ա֤ݣ
ܰԣպԶ˸ϷʽǱܰҶеĶζʲô
һҶĻǵ𺳣ܰԣֱй֮޲
ƹ£ɬؿҶȫ֮У
һ룬룬롭
ӣպԶŴּȵлعǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ǼȷϵҶҶҽ˵кμЩлߵ֤ݣ
ҶֱӽǸɫʼǱպԶ
պԶһѽסž䱦һ㣬Сġ
~
ԺպԶһ˶񣬲Ż򿪱ʼǱ
űʼǱЩˮһռǣպԶǼƷɫ;Ůһú棬ֱð⣬ӿ졭
ȿеݺպԶͨһױȡ
ֶΣƾʼǱĶ⵹μҲɣҶʵ
պԶûشҶ⣬ȸ˸ؿڣͼԼһЩ
~
ӹպԶٴһͼַʽԼ侲Ȼż˷ܣҶҽݶһί˵õҪ˵μңϹٳ̽綼Ҫ죡
Ϲٳ̽ǷҲģֻҪһμҴӽ̽պԶͬҶҲһ㼤˵һ΢С¡
Ϊ̽ĴպԶ֪Ϲٳ̽磬ĵĹٳ˽⡣
ԭպԶΪҶóݶǳҶָʹ㽫ҶҵĶְ׼ڽϵĴ˺Ҷôһ˵ȴƺԼҶֻҪԺμң
һպԶȻҶηﻪб飬ʲô̲סʵҶҽǲǺμҵ˱ˣ
һֻӬʼΧ˽УôҶʡ
ţ
պԶһԻ󣬲֪Ҷʲô˼
һҵѡ񣡡
Ҷ𰸡


057 һ
峿ߵʱϼȾʱ򣬺ηﻪ´ԭڰ
ϼӳźηﻪ˧ӣ˿ϴؿɫЩƣ·ԵĺȦȦﻹѪ˿
һеԭǣһҹδ˯
ǲ˯˯š
ǰָıǷݲħһ㣬ʼ޷
ʱţǷݲӵǿҡǰָһֱδ绰
ӣηﻪ첽ߵͷǰֱֻӲͨǰָĵ绰
١
绰ͨǰָȿڣдεƣͲͬһҹû˯ãڹȥļСʱӴ˼ʮ绰ûһͨġ
үϢôǰָе쳣ηﻪлµ˴𰸣ȴġ
ǰָأ٣ʱûϢ
ү㲻˵ǽʿɱǸҶɱôôڻûϢеĲ²õ֤ʵηﻪиеһĪķꡣ
ΪҪͽηﻪǰָûбֳκβü͵٣˵Ӧó⣬Ŀǰҵºп˶Ķ֣

ǵģ٣ɳ˽ӣҵұۣԴһǺпλɵӣԱռȻ
Ϊ齭ϴƹǰָǰϵģֻһӽϸϳȥӶʵͳһϷڵҰġ
ڹȥǰָͶｭϵֹȻռһЩƣʼûнϳϡ
һ£һҹδϢ˵䲻ǰָܵΪǶ˶ˡ
ڡҶ֣֮ǰָѹû
Ҳӿ˼¼жҶֻǡšԼĻ˵ҶǱӻĽʿôȥ֣ܰ
ΪμδĽӰˣηﻪǰָһҶǰָͶҲʮģ֪ǰָ֮ǧټͨʶΪ˽֣֮ڰ˫£ӽϸϳȥ
ү˼ǵĺֹ
һУηﻪǰָĶԹûһëǮĹϵֻǰָܷΪɵҶ
Ȼ˼
ǰָæֻ˵ٷģҽ»㱨һǵԼǸҶ͵ǰ
ðɡηﻪһ£ѵүϣǱܹ졣
û⡣
Ϊʵ̫⣬ܵηﻪǷʧͲͷǰָֻšš
ǰָôһ˵ηﻪٷϻֱӹҶ˵绰
ˡ
ηﻪһҵ绰ֻһȻǺĵ绰æͨС
ôæѵΪռҵ飿
绰ͷΪ϶ֶŮĺţȥһҲηﻪ۶ںηﻪ㲻ʲô£
ǣǹ˾¡
ԼŮǰֵüǿǿ󣬺οǺηﻪԸˣ
Ŷ˾ҪµĻͿȥ˿ûлɺηﻪĻѵʮ֮ǰϵطҸҰʮ㵽
İɣôҪҲٵηﻪԣ̲סЦˣǷݲҲЦݵȻ޴档
ΪȻãȵһκͺͶԣѵҶԵ΢ˡֻҪϿҪ˵һҶռҶҪڽ£
Ҷϵ绰ηﻪ˼Ƿ񽫱չǿɵĹȥ
ǿ̹Ǻηﻪ˼ӶŪġ
ڣණǹҺһ˻ĵһļ۸ȴǱˡ
ηﻪΪ˵õ䣬һڰǧֻ֮ǰͺǶԴƿǧ
ҲӲ˵Ϊ˵õϿɣηﻪμǲϧѪ
΢˼󣬺ηﻪǾ̹ǰȥϾһһԷȥԵóͭζ
ʮһʱ򣬺ηﻪϵλϵһҲ˹ݣӼдļƷԱ÷Ա˵˺ݲ衣
ʮһʮηﻪҲ˹ſڵȺǸоµ˺
ΪϹٳĶ֣꣬ƾ辩ǰ׼ҵ֧֣վȽŸҷͷǹһ֣˵ǽʵϵһҲΪ
ΪԺաλߣ۽ϣ뺫Էܹŵ뵽ȴ޼뵽Ҳֻȥһͷһû׼ʱ
죬ȴʮʱ׼ʱصִҲ˹ݡ
֣úηﻪޱȣһʱӭʡ1յĴµϡ
塣
ۿӳ߳ηﻪæǷʺá
ֻ΢΢ףںͬҲ˹ݣηﻪ״΢ЦŶԺ˾ʾлŸںͺ
壬ʨɽǰһ¿Ƿڡ뺫󣬺ηﻪӷԱнӹڵΪ衣
״̲סһЦһˣô׸ʲô
ԣʲôûƵģֻƷ裬ηﻪûжԺĻֳеֿ˻ȴûбϣԾнλϡ
αһڹĿб̺ţ˵㱾̺ڲ˼ϸռҽƾͼˣ²豭ɫʡ
ǵģ壬Ҵˡ
ηﻪ˵ͷǲ˺ģοΪΰ黹һ˾֣
Ժٵаѵ
Ľ̻壬ġ
ôһ˵ηﻪҪĳԵȫϯһбˬ
ȻЩôѾϿˣ
Ҳ˵ֻ߽ʱˣ
ֻʮͷڲ˵оǰ׼ͦ;Բֹʡ
һ˵õȮ죬οŮ
ˡ
Ժ󣬾͵ηﻪԲںİܹչʲôزʱ򣬺ֻͻȻ
ֱӵźηﻪóֻͨĵ绰
ϸηﻪУúηﻪ㶼ɳɤۣ
ֻǡ
ܿ죬ηﻪ˲Ծڽӵ绰ʱ򣬲Ŀؿ
ô£
ͻıʣúηﻪɶĺͷԡ
ǺμǲиʼǱ¼Щлߵ飿
ԼĪһӺ󣬺ֱͨӴ±˺£ǱƵġ

Ȼѯʣηﻪһԥһ£ͷһ㡪Ȼ֪ΪôʣǸòҪƭ
ۿηﻪӦ۽Ǽһüͷ˲šһǲŭı飬úηﻪһľսĸо
֣ôˣôö˶ۿնȻýţϢɻʵ
ǸʼǱʡίУڣǵͳĻһڰը죡
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ηﻪɫ䣡


058 ߣ裡
ôܣ
ǸʼǱôίУ
ηﻪҲҲ㱻Ͽɵϲ뼤еֻã뾪֡
ãΪκ˶ǸʼǱıչǸչǲ˾Ҫ˵ͨˣһЩνҲδشÿ
֣Ϊ֪ǸʼǱںμҶζʲôԺŵ˵һǸʼǱع⣬൱ڸϹһź˵
ˡ
͵ηﻪͻϢɵʱֻӾоѡ
ʵ̫ˣֱӺ˺һʱóֻͨ
ģ
绰ͨȺηﻪڣͲб㴫丸׺ء
㺫Է
ηﻪʶػشţæʵ֣Ҹ˵ǸʼǱڼί
Ҵ绰Ǹ˵飡ǽ
ҽڱչˣչֻܴ򿪡ηﻪǾɵؽš
ţСѾõ׼ȷϢǼйϵĹԱܴˣ󲮣
ֱӴϺηﻪĻص˼㣬Ҳ˵ǸʼǱ϶͵߽˼ί⣬˺ܿǼҶ֣
֣ô죿
ηﻪЩȻΪ̽ڶΪμҽӰˣѾȫƿطΧ
СţԶԶ󣡡
绰ͷںμ1űĺƺ˻ʱץٷɿضҵõϢ嶼ҪΪ֮ƣֻ󺫹ˣֻܽӰѹͣ
׺Ļηﻪͷֱð亹
Ϊе壬ǺμҹȥһЩĴɽͺһǽϹٳľͷ
ݡλҪ֪εص˺̶ֳȣ
֨
֤֤л߹ҹԱ̷ٰʮлһˣ
Ӻ󣬾͵ηﻪ˵ʲôʱ򣬵绰ͷ˺鷿Ҫߺ
ԼĻηﻪŵһ飬ֻ䡣
塭
绰Ҷϣηﻪؿźϣܹͺμҡ
Ȼ
Ⱥηﻪ˵ĻشĻεΪ֮µҲȲ㡣
û뵽˸ɾؾܾηﻪûһ
֣ͰɡԣˣҪû°
лҪܻеᣬһ㶼£ܿ͹ȥˡΪΪ˳ȫŮİϿɺηﻪǡԲðŷȥȺηﻪ
οԸЩҲ
֡
ˣֱǰץסĸ첲ηﻪһ͹һͰ͵źϣܹʩ
Сߣɫֱ࣬뿪
֣ˣȾɣ
ôȣϲ󶼱ˣܾ𣿡ŭ⣬ƺŮơ

ŴͣԶԣһ棬δôĻ𣬸ΪҪǣ֪еϲͬǽϹٳľͷȻϲ󱻴ߣôԾԶԶԤƣ
ˣûаƿдڱϣۿŮ뵽ʲôĿ絶һ㶢źηﻪ
⣡
ηﻪһſԡԲ𣬺壬ҡ
㡭
״ɫһ䣬ŤͷһӹɵĿǶԺߣ
ƺһ̣ηﻪ˵Ȥûˡ
ԣһȻ󡭡ҧ촽һؿźηﻪ
ԭΪηﻪһ𣬳Ϊ˽Ǽҵ֮⣬̶ܴϻΪϲ
ԺηﻪΪηﻪһֻΪĸף
ֻСһĿģ
һУֻԼǱͱһƵģʹѡ
Сҡηﻪ״ͼͣµֻк˵
ηﻪ쵰ܻŭһ˳ץ豭ηﻪ
ž
豭кηﻪĶͷҲƫ˺ηﻪҶȥҳǸϣѪ˲쮳ȾӲ˵ǹ̵ĲˮֱӽӢˡ
СС
û뵽Լ֣ηﻪֱˣ֮ź뿪ǹ͹һǰסĸ첲
ſӽҲʶ㣡
ΪŮڽϹΪ׷ʤΪ˺ηﻪһһεؾܾЩˣ֪ηﻪͲϲôܣ
źĻѪĺηﻪһֱɿ
ηﻪ㣬Щ˵㸸׾Ͳεˣ״
ûлش𣬺ηﻪʧǵվǳɵһ㡣
ô
ź뿪󣬺ηﻪһӴ׹˵̱ڵϣ
ȡû°ɣ
ſڣԱʱϵηﻪѪڵϣʵ

ηﻪŭһץǰԱ

Աŵüһæ׿
ѵ
ڰϣһ졣
Ϊʲô
ηﻪǷһ㣬ˤңѵ֮ڶ
ηﻪ֤֤л߹ҹԱ̷ٰʮлһˣ
Ӻ󣬾͵ηﻪҵòӵʱ򣬼뷿䡣
ʵϣ֮ǰ͵ִ˰ᣬֻǰںڳûðȻʾ棬õָʾȴߺٶԺηﻪʵʩץ
лߣ
ηﻪǵû־ܣץһӾͳͷľȥһ蹷ȫʧȥǣ
ηﻪȷʵҪˡ
ԭѵõ˺ϿɣԽɻڴջԼ˹а񡭡
ͺμҶҪ֮֡ͺҪȥη
̶ʱڣһӶˣǴõ
⣬ԺηﻪĴ޷ģ
ߣ
ͷ㿪ηﻪӣɫ࣬´
һ˵ͬʳһ㣬ɿηﻪֱӽηﻪڵأҸηﻪ
ηﻪнһϮۿηﻪƷͷߣ
ͷĻηﻪһڵ˲䱻һ㣬ûٷһһϳ˰ᡣ
ܿģηﻪҲ˹ݣѺ򾯳
Ժ󣬾͵ҪηﻪѺϳʱ򣬺ηﻪͻȻһŮһӳ¡
Ҷܰ
ΪյԵʣܰûȥ˾ǴҶ棬ҶҺҲ˹ݳ緹
Ҷܰĳ֣Ǵĳħһ㣬ǹɢٴλص˺ηﻪڣҡ֮ǰΪ
Ů
Դ󷢵ĺηﻪ͵죬һͷҰһ㣬ųǰҶܰ
ţ
ηﻪǳŭۿѪĺηﻪԼҶֱܰӾԭء
Ҷǲɫؿǰһܰǰ
һ
Ҷܰ·˵עУȫĺηﻪճȥף㱻ڵء
߰ɡҶ״ЦЦܰҲ˹ݡ
Ů
ۿҶܰҪ뿪ηﻪȫ˾קͷǷض
ûлش
Ҷηﻪ˷ƨֱӡ
ܰĬؿ˺ηﻪһۡ
ѡѵǸɵģ
ηﻪһԭء
ûд𰸣ŵĻħһںηﻪϻص
ܰҲòϣηúƯⲽֱǻ㣬ʵ̫Цˡ
ҶãǲҲ˵Ϊڣ͵
޴ֶΣҲãҲмá
ֻҶСû˸Ҷһָͷ
ţţηﻪ׻̱ڵأɫ԰ֽ
ߣ裡


059 ꣬ū
һ֮䣬ʮͬĹԱίܴߣμڹٳְĺ⣬֮⣬ԺΪ׵ĺμҶԱμδӰ˺ηﻪҲ׷ױߡ
һ籩ںȻ𡭡
Ȼ
Ϊⳡ籩Ĺؼΰ󣬶һк֪顣
Ӿ뿪صУŮ˷йŭþƾԼ
֮ˣΪ֪ηﻪȻûзںηﻪѾ󽵵͡
һ£Ҫ˵պΪηﻪμĳڣȦŮȻļʸҲ֮ʧȥˣ
һ磬ΰƺйˣʮģ
ģźҸ뿪ΰ߽ԡң˸ˮ裬عεԼĺӣӰİᣬŰİƤ뿪˼С
ַʽȥ¿ʼ
Ϊ˳׵ǹȥҪǰ̺ŽϷֹ˾ְ
ò˵ΪݸɷеĴΰڲݸеԷӵ쾡£
ΰ£̺ŽϷֹ˾ʱӿֳù˾ŮԱΪ֮Ե΢Ц
ֻǡ
ͬˣͬ΢Цǰ̨ӵȴǰˡ
ۿΰ빫˾һ¥ǰ̨һǴһ㣬Ǿ㵵ؿΰ
㵣ΪΰǺϼżϸ˾ܵѾ̺ŽϷֹ˾˺ͽû뵽ΰ󻹸ٴ߽̺ŽϹ˾
ã˭㵹һǰ̨ӻعסΰȥ·
˭Ҫ㱨ô
ۿӡԼǰ̨ӣһؿԼΰеŭǴ紵һ㣬ӿ˳
ΰסѲǹ˾ĸܣǹ˾ͽԱһǰ̨ӿȥˣ
ô
ΰ΢ЦţͷŴһԼаǰ̨ӣĿͣڶԷͬɻһƽ̹زЦ˼ҵµڹ˾Ϊ˰ְ

ֳΰ޿ֵģΰΪܡΪٵĻǰ̨ɫףȴֲ֪η
ΰ״ͷͦأ΢ЦŴӼǰ̨ǰ߹ͬһݡ
ҪģûôҪģ
ǣΪû֪ô
ǰѡѵı׼Ϲ˽ѽۣ
ΰ뿪󣬼ǰ̨ӷ׷׻ع
ǰ̨ӵΰҲϡ
ݺĵһԼǱѵ״̬ȥְ
ˡ
ܿ죬һ죬Ŵ򿪣ΰͦصشӵ߳
ৣ
мԱļҪȥǩ֣Ȼΰͫ˲ŴɬǷ·ʣô˾
һɡĵĿ⣬ΰΪܡΪٵ΢Цţ̹ȻءŵЩ˵עУߵۺϲµİ칫ſڣֱŶ롣
֨
Ӧ
ৣ
ļۺϲɻ̧ͷſڣƺ뿴˭ôûòŶá
ţ
ΰһЦݵ칫ңûһ
ΰ㻹˾
ݵ˵Աɡ
ΰȻһЦⲿûǴĻҵµڹ˾Ҳ˵Ŀǰһǹ˾һԱ
㡭軹˵ڣ
Ϊۺϲ֮ܰһʱΰ޿֣ŭ
ⲿְֻѣôʲô
ΰЦˣƺָоӾǱѹ˾ôܰô
㡭
Ȼ̺ŽϹ˾вԱۺϣֻһСѣϢ֪Ϲ顣
ΪˣʶΪΰںϼǱı˺ò£Բűֵ޿֣һʱɫࡣ
ⲿѵ㲻ְΰ״ЦøˣƺַʽǷݴܸС
ΰڲŷ֣Ƥ湻ģ
²ûιȥΰְҪʾְֱܰϾͻ죬ְ֮Ƥشڹ˾ұ֤Ὣȥ
Ժ󣬾ܰšҲΰмЦš

Ǻǡ
ۿ±ףΰЦøˣ̼ⲿҺһ£ǹ˾ܣְҪܲͨ˾ܾŶ³ͬǩ׼С
㡭
³ױˣŭĿ£ѵΰһ٣ǸȻܰռҶûΰôȻҲûʵȥѵΰ
ͨ˽ڣ½صһȻ绰ͨܰĵ绰ʾܰ
˵ˣְֻҪ׼УԹˣܰͨ˵
ⲿմȨĸоˬɣΰһ䣬󲻵·쭣ͦص߳칫ҡ
Сʱ󣬽ӵְ׼ΰ󣬴Ӱ칫һЩ˽˶ڹ˾ԱŭĿУǲмЦݵһ¥
תܰ˵ûź
ǰ̨ǵıġŭĿ⣬ΰ΢Ц˵Ǹоԣְ֮ʱ̼һܰʵһ£
ણણ
ΰĻո£߸ЬײĴſڴһְܰҶ߽
ৣ
ΰǰ̨Ƿ׷Ťͷǰ̨ǸǵһʱʺãܣҶ
ͬһܰȻһ˪ı飬ǿΰʱǱļ¡
Ƕǰ̨΢΢ףĿͶΰҪڣȴΰЦźأû뵽˾ңְ֮ǰܸ˵仰ܣ㲻˵ɻһоôٶûǲ֤ûй¶˾Ļܣ˵Ȩ̰
ΰ󣬿ȥ㻹֪ηﻪߵ飿
ΰƣܰǵûжŭЦˡóΰ󻹲֪Ϲ顣
ȻΰԣΪǰηﻪߵ飬ϵЦݸӲм˵ǰô治˼Һͺڵͱͳˡ
¡ܰ΢ЦŸ𰸡

ܰĻΰһЦ챻ץܰƭɵأ
ء
·Ϊ˻ӦΰĻһ㣬ͻȻ˾һХŵִ﹫˾ſڡ
ţ
һĻΰһǾؿܰѡѵ˵ģ
ûд𰸡
ܰҶ粢ǲרݡ
ܣ
Բܣ
ҶܰȥıӰΰðQ񰲸Լȴּ쾶ֱ
ΰй¶̺ŽϹ˾ܣΥ̷ڶһʮй¶ҵ㱻ˣ
ܿ죬ͷΰǰޱ˵ţĻһشΰϣеһ˿Һ÷飡
ʬһ㱻˴ȫһͷ⣺⡭ôһ£
ô£
лл
ܰҶ˵


060 칦
죬Ϲⳡ籩ǵûֹͣҵơ󣬱ߵĹԱﵽ23ˣаϹٳľͷ֮һϲ
ȹٳ𶯶ԣ̽ҪһЩ˺μ֮⣬ֻ½ڼҺͺμҹϵеļҲܵ˲
Ȼ
֪СϢε黹û꣬˵ϱȨߺҪ
һУҶ˿ġ
ʵϣǷݽϹġ˵պԶûйĹˡ
ԣٳҲã̽Ҳգô𶯶޹أֻҪμҵñηﻪֻӬպҪͿˣ
̺ŽϹ˾ΪɹбꡮһڹĿ칦̺Ƶٰ죬ʱ̺вϹ㼰Ͷ깤СĳԱμӣպԶڵļžͷҲϯ硣
̺Ƶλںģ̺ΪǼƵ֮һ
Ȼ̺ŽϹ˾Ҫٰ칦磬̺ƵȻճӪҵֻǽ˳
̺ŽϹ˾ԱȺִеĳ㣬ƤЬŮĻ¶ȹϸ߸Ь͸Ρ鱦ֱָΪһķ羰ߡ
ʮʱҶִ̺ܰƵꡣ
ϰ಻ͬҶܰͬһ׼ȷ˵Ҷܰõıܰǰμ硣
ΪȽʽܰҲĴ硣
һɫ¶硢βĿʽϸĳλ÷ʦΪģΪϽ˫ʮ׵ĸ߸ЬԸСȵ֡
ǽܰʵ̫Ưˣһ³Ŀ⡣
˵ĿмžޡڲصŮǳĽʺޡ
һУܰӶȹڣҶƵš
Ǹ߸ЬײĴǴĳħһ㣬Щйǿܰȹں¶İԲСʱҪǰ˺ܰһɫĳ嶯
ҶýܰʵһЩ
Ҷܰ˲Ƶʱλ̺Ƶʮ¥ó˻᳡ϲĺɫ̺ǰϯ̨Ϸź̨ϰżӣÿ϶ڷſƬдžԱְ
̨µһҲڷſƬԱȫ̺ŽϷֹ˾ĸ߲㣬ʣµûаڷſƬԱ
칦δʼλԱûȺվһʲô
ৣ
Ƭ̺󣬵᳡Աǹؽܰ᳡ټĻ᳡˲䰲˶ĿͶһɫܰ
һ̣ΪȫĽ㡣
û֮һ
žž
Ժ󣬲֪˭ͷҵ쳹᳡
Ȼ˶û뵽ܰǰ᳡෴ǶΪܰͼ쵼һִ
һĻҶֶ̾ܰˡһСϸڣ빫˾Աľ룬ڹ˾˪ȣγ˽Ȼķһһɡĺôӵ˼ѡ
̾ܰȷһ׵ͬʱҶȻ󲿷˽ĿתƵϣĿЩζܰΪ˸Ҷ鷳صҶһ˿һ˾ϰ࣬Ա˽ﻹǰ²˹ϵЩ
£ܰ¶΢ЦҶǰִԱǴкԱһӦͬʱҶ΢Ц
ǶûҶ̺ŽϹ˾ͲбһڹĿҲͲн칦ᣡ
ܰҶһһк󣬾칦ῪʼֻмˣԱܰϯ̨Ҷ˵һԵλã߰ŵܰ硣
ʵ̫Ư̫ˡ
ϯ̨ϵܰԵ˵ţ˸Ŀеĳݡ
Ҳܶͬ־͵ءҶԣֳ˽ĿͶ磬Цŵ
紩һ׺¶ȹ˵Ĳױ˱ƽʱ˼࣬˼ޡ
ԭɫĶŮı׼ôһı䡢磬˶ѡ
ܱȲԶˡ
һµദҶѾˣҶô˵ûҶһۣЦŴȤ˵Ӧϯ̨ϲŶԡ
Ǵ͵ġ
Ҷʼ磬ڽ칦ûʲôȤֻǰڲþܾܰŸġ
ҪǴͣΧڶ㲻ϡЦãԺ˵ʲôȴϯ̨ϵܰվ
ҵӭ³쵼
ϯ̨ϣܰټ¶΢Ц˵ţȻȹƣԱǷ׷ͷŹơ
Ҷ״ֻøơ
һʱ䣬ˮٴպԶΪ׵ļŴ˵Уһ߻ʾ⣬һϯ̨
Ƭ̺£պԶҲ¡
棬칦Ὺʼҹرֻǽֻ񶯡
ϯ̨ϣ̺ŽϹ˾ܾӪֻ飬᳡˷õǰһ뼯Ŷ³պԶ
žž
һպԶ΢ЦŻѹº󣬲Żܸˣܹһһɹϲá
պԶĽһƽ׽˵ĸоȥļҳȶԣܰĽҪʽö࣬ǿ϶˹˾ǰʱĳɼֲһĹҪ
ҶһμܰʽĽ
̨ľŮǿ˷緶ܰΧЩԱĿ⣬ҶвӿֳһŹֵͷڳ˿ܰͨ캦ߵģ֪һ飿
뵽˴ҶȻʧЦ
һ̣ܰĿⲻƫպҶϡ
ѡѵԼ˵ʲô𣿡
ҶЦݣܰͷûһһֽŵȻϢ
һԱǰе˽š
ΪҶ


061 
ŵһ֣ħһοܰķԲǰ
ܰôˣ
պԶȼ쵼ΪܰϽܰ쳣ʮֲ졣
ԱΪýԶû̫ĸо
ԽܰպԶͶѯĿ⣬ҡͷʾԼû£Ȼ󡭡̲סؿҶһۣа¾칦һҪҶԼĽ⡣
ϯ̨£Ҷû뵽ԼһССܰе
뼯ܾӪĸܲ޻
ܰΪ˵ٴοڣ̣̺Ÿܲ޻
Ϊ̺ŵĸܲã޻պԶ֮һϼŵԪϣ֤˼ŴС󣬴ӴǿḶ́ŷḻľĵãû÷Ը壬ȴӮòʡ
ɼCEOѳڱһڹĿбġý
仰£ԱǵЩȻܹܵŽÿһλԱ룬һǶҼֵĿ϶һʷĽ
ܹý֮ǰϣܱõĸ˺ͼܹڽĹв꣬ƴľûܵõҲҪģΪɺԼıְ
ѳ˵ŹõıÿףθڵòˣŵڽϹ˾ɹбһڹ̣Ϊ°ľӪһͷŶ»ԽϹ˾ȫԱÿ˽Ԫ
žž
û뵽˶нЩûвͶ깤Աһ󼤶ȹơ
ԽϹ˾Ͷ깤СĳԱٽ100Ԫ影䰴չ˾Ĺ涨ִС£ѳڶٴһƬ
Ż£ѳɽͲƵǰ棬
ҶôûĽ
һĻɻ󣬹˾ܹбһڹĿҶǾԹӦøҶؽŶԡ
ɻ󣬾˾һЩԱҲЩ죬׷׽ĿͶҶ
ɻĻֳԱǲĿ⣬ҶνЦЦҲ齱𣿡
ǴҶеģ˵ؽ
ִ򱧲ƽĸоȻҶǹͷģΪ˸ܰβŽĹ˾ȻˣӦø轱Ŷԡ
ҶԣЦѣ֮ԳֻǲñһڹĿͶӰ쵽ܰĲ飬ѹûںʲô
һ򲽽ȱһڹбԣøպԶǷݽϹġ˵ļֵȫϹ˾
Ҿι˾бһڹĿĹ˭
Ժ󣬾͵Ϲ˾ԱΪҶеƽʱΪ̺Ŷ³պԶЦſˡ
ŵƹ⣬ԿЦݴżֲ졪û뵽Ҷֻ˶̶һ±ڽϹ˾ӵ˺õԵ
Ҷ
ͳһĻشȻ춯أҪݶƷһ㡣
Ⱥڵ۾ѩġ
պԶЦſ˸ЦȻһһҶֹ˾ͽ±һڹĿ⼯ܵ𺦵ΪŶ»оҶΪϹ˾ܾ

ȻպԶĻټ֪ļŸ߲㼰ܰҶڣ˶òᡣ
УЩϹ˾Աһ͹죬ǿӦøҶؽҲ̫ˡܾ˾ֱܾһ죡
Ͼ̺ŽϹ˾󣬲ǹֻͷְλߣܾǹ˾ĸ߲㣬ܼߵĴ˵ʵȨ֮䣬ֱ֮ͬ
žž
˷׷ױֻҶĿĽʺޡ
УԽϹ˾ۺϲ־ƽΪ
Ҫ֪ǰɢҶϰʱϷ飬Ҷ˾ԱΪǹ˾桭
ҶҡһΪ˹˾ĸܣ
һĶϣ޵ݵĸо
Ȼ
ְ֪ܵλҶԣп޵Ļ鶹ײ
ϯ̨ܰǸ˵ЦݣҶףܰӰӡܹܰĴǱΪ˾棡
ְܶܵλûʲôȤҶҲûھַܾ2ȻܰĺպԶ⡣
űþϣ칦֮᳡Աһʱ䳷õΣϾͲõΡ
ԱһУϦɽͷ翪ʼ˷׷պԶΪ׵ļ쵼ܰϯ̨ԣԱ׷װջȰźõλ
Ϊ֪ҶԼһͬһòͣպԶҲûҶ1
ͬһ翪ʼΪԺյպԶɱΣÿζӮòʡ
Ҷԣǵһβμ磬ȴûоʣǾЩȻζ
ȻҲ֪һӰ
翪ʼ־Ƶϣм쵼֮以ģԱ쵼ģȻвҶƱʾףء
˵ĺ⣬Ҷ߲ܣÿζһڸɣЩԱһĿɿڴֱҶǺ
ǲ֪ǣҶԲѧ磬Ҫ˵ƺȲǺһҲκ⡪ˮں󣬻ֱӱƳˮʡ
ȥ˵һӹǻδָƣҹƻпĲͻ
еһҶܰƵƵЩƵԱһҪͬպԶƣЩģսϵ
ҶҽӦû°ɣ΢΢һ
ҶҡҡͷȻͣҲǾƣȶ˲С
á
Ҷ˵࣬粻ҵæӦȥҶĶ
Ȼ
ܰȻ¾Ʊϴּȥ

Ҷ״̾ϢһΪ˲ᣬܰϴּ󣬲Ĭǰϴּ䡣
ϴּ䣬Ҷûн䣬ϴԵȴܰ֡
ԼĪӺܰŮ߳Щ鸡ʪŷۺɫ촽һո¹ӡ
ҶҶҽ
ͣܰҪϴȥҶµĺӱץ˸һЩʧ롣
˰ɣ
ۿ֮ǰϯ̨ǿƸܰʱ¶СŮ̬ҶЦѡ
š
ܰͷӦһ˫־ִٲץȹڣĥţƺַʽڸĵĲ
Ҫٺˡ
һĻҶеһʵ޷ѵܲñɺСŮ˵ܰ
ҶҽҰʣ¼Ͳˡ
ܰǰͨҶ֪ΪƾԵԵʣΪץУҪγˮһ㡣
ҶܸɴؾܾС
쳡⣬һκòã
ۿҶܾ˸ɴ࣬ܰС죬ˮҶǸоеСŮڸ
£˼ҶϣǼ⼸Ҷӣѩ׶鹵ȫ¶Ҷ£ƾеһӿҶУĶҩһٷҶڵĺɶɡ

Ҷ˲Ӳˣ




062 ¶鷢
Ҷ־ˣӿƿԼ壬ǡϾѪյĴУǰԸġ޸߹ɬһֱֵܰӼˣ
~
ֵܵı仯ҶһѹסڷڵĺɶɺҪ˵ȾƶܰĲӰ죬ȴϴּ⴫˽Ų
֣ҶߵĻʻضӣ˺һĿڵܣȶˣٺȵɣ
ţ
ۿҶƺԼΪܲ˵˺һżܰûһһµʲôŤͷһȻۺϲ־ƽ˹
翪ʼ־ƽעû뿪ܰղܰͨǰϴּ䣬ϣΪպԶھƣֻա
Ȼ
պԶ˵껰ƺ־ƽܰѾϴּ䲻˵ҶŸȥ
־ƽסˡ
Ҷܰռˣ
뷨־ƽһʱ䳯ϴּ˹
Ҷܰʲô
ϴּ䣬־ƽҶܰվһ˵Ӱúܽǰм䣬ǲˬصҶǸоֻҪҶҳ϶ܰͼı죬ҪҶһ㡣
Ҷԣֱӽ־ƽ˿תȥϴ֡
ҶҸ㣬ҪΪܰȶˣûռܰˡ
־ƽвɣ
һΣ־ƽ˵꣬ܰʧ˼֣־ƽĻ־ƽֲʲôˣƾʲô£
ο־ƽΪǵؽѵҶ̣ܰ
ܰ㡭
־ƽϴҥҶܵһˣ˽˵˵棬ҲҪ̸ǹ
һ̣֮ܰǰֱˣˣҲ࣬Ҳָ˹е˪

־ƽŴͣԶԣֻҶһ
ܰ־ƽһۣҶ
ģ
ۿȥ־ƽòѪ̲ס
Ȼ
ҶĿǰܵԼպԶҶʶûκʱȥаҶͬܰղ˵׳棬Ҳı䲻߳˾ˣ
صܰǵӵؿҶһۣʾǸûҶʾ߽űơ
һĻҶֱȴҲܰĿԡҲܰΪ˹һв˵磬֮ܰǰӵԱˣǲʣ༸ԱƣЩԱ롣
Ⱥʣ༸ԱܰΪԵʣȥҶֱӻصԼλϡ
Ժ󣬶ںЩƵԱܰ岻Ϊڣù֭档
֮Ÿҹ͵͵ҶһۣҶÿգգ۾Ǹо·˵ûȡ
Ҷݸ
ϾŵӵʱպԶһ뿪칦ٽβԱǳȺȥKTV쭸衣
Ϊܰ˪̺ŽϹ˾ԱģûԱȥܰǲҶҶһһܾˡ
һ棬ЩԱϤȥҲûʲô˼ߡкҪҪܰؼҡ
ܺȵǺƣܰȵĲ٣߰˷⣬˾ƵǿҶŵģ˼Ҷϡ
뿪ʱ򣬽Ϲ˾ԱѾ뿪Ҳûʲô˿
ΪȶԵʣ˳ܰŵ˸߸Ь¶۵㣬ҶҶҽʵڲ˼ұȡ
֪Ϣһɡ
˵䣬Ҷܰλ󷽵۵ϣΣܰ档
һУҶҪתصʻλȻܰǷ۵ѩ׵ױ¶ڿУ΢΢һ
ƾɫĿҶܿŲĿ⣬ؼʻλܰ뿪
ҶҶҽ𣿡ʻֵܰ糺ؿҶĲʵ
Ȼԡ
ҶܸɴشӦţͬʱ͸ӾȻܰλϣֳ°ͣ糺죬һˣ޶ˡ
񡭡̨ϽʱΪʲôҪЦأѵʲôط𣿡
׻˵Ⱦƿ׳ʱܰӡ֤һ㣬ԭӣѯ£ʱΪƵԵʣһҲͻ

ȻܰѯʣҶ΢ţ֪Ӧ𣬱Ͼܸܰǻ뽭Ϲ˾Աܰߵӻһ
ҶҶҽʵʵ˵ˣҲġ
Ҷܰӵĺ棬΢΢ӣΪ첲Сѹסһأǰķ¶˵ɫ˿Ҳ¶һǡ
͸⾵һĻҶͷûһŲĿ⣬һǻ룬̨Ϻƽʱ󡣡

ܰԣȻ򣬶ʲô̾˿żˣֻһ߶ѡȻҲϲߣǡΪڹ˾źͱһЩҪ鷳ֻ
ҾŮûҪôƴġ
Ҷ̲סţ֪ܰбⲻҪ鷳ָһ˪ĸоЩ䶯ġ˲ҽӽ
ҶҶҽ֪ǰҰֻŵʱΪҵܵ첻ѧѹƣүүѵ⣬úܲġΪҰֹÿһЩʱұ㰵¶Ҫúѧϰȱҵ
ܰ˻֮У˵ҺòױҵˣҰֳ˳뿪ǡҰȥҺ衢ܵڼûеλѹơ۸Ϊ˲͵ܱܵ۸ֻŬȥΪ£ԱڻүүĿ϶
ܰҶ̾˿֪ܰǲʵĿʾˣǲܣ
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ܰһοˣǸмؿҶû㣬ҺпѾ뿪磬үүӣҵܸܻܵúշӰ˵Ļᣡ
Ǹ˵𣿲ö˵ллġҶЦ
Ҷҽ֪ΪͲһϵ飬һΪŮֻпԼ㡢ӵаȫС
ܰ˫ʵؿҶ૵ǡĳֵ߸ҵĿʱ룬ǲ͸ҵػ񡭡
ˣ㲻ʱ֣Ҳһһγְҡ
ҶҽǷöö࣬Ҷ֪αˡ
ҶҶҽ
ܰϣ⣬ضҶ˵ֱҶʻͨϪõ԰Ĺ·ֹͣ˵
Ȼ֮䣬ɫһƬɵףֻԼǵ˱һ㣬䲻˵Ȼӿ죬ҲЩѣ
ৣ
͸⾵һĻҶɫһ䣡
ܰĲͻȻˣ




063 
ûκԥҶһʱɲ̥澭һҵĦڵһӡǡ
ɲ̫ͻȻܰڹԵ£ǰһײǰϡ
ͣҶһתͷ㿴һѪĳ
ֻܰҶ˫ϥ΢΢ȹڴ󿪣ȼT-backɼܹķ羰
΢΢һҶ˲عΪܰû˿аǵһʱܰǰ쵽ܰʣ˳һܰ뻳С
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һֱҶһԥˣ뵽ֱӸı侢·ߣֱܰСԴȥ

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064 
ĿܰҶֻһŻȼգ˿壬ʧصķա
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һ棬·Ȼϡ٣ǲûгںܰ鱻˷֣ɲһ顣
ΪҪǣҶˣδܰͬ⣬ǿжܰĵһΣ
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ܰԸĻͬ˵ǽܰȥ޷Ĩȥ˺Ӱ
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֪ܰȥϲˣδ˵ҪϢȴ콵һͻȻˡ
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065 
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绰ͷؾϪõ԰Ǽе˵ոҿҶǸһϳ𣡡

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㣬Ǹһѳͣ·ϳ𰡡ö༢ʰ
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ܰӦһȴûͣǡڿպκҶദ
һ뵽ԼοӱҶܰ޲ҸطȥⱲٲˡ

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˾ٿ칦ᡣܰ治ɫؽŻԭ򣬶Ūأתƻ⣬ʣ㲻˵Ҫ³Żôǰˣ
ܰ㣬ҵԺ˵ҶǸ쵰£
ܰĸ첲Ƿ´½һ㣬˷ܵһȻ·Ŀŵس𰡣ʵ̫޳ˣֻǡҲû뵽ץС
ȷûпҾҶҽˡܰΪҶѵ
ܰ㣬ʱ㻹Ǹ˾Ӱ
ԣظһߵҲ˵㲻ҵĻˣ
˵Ҷҽ֮ʲôᡣ
ܰпЦǽ¼ŮǣҪ˵ҲԼҶŮˡ
᣿ô׿ڳ˵ģˣǸоҴҶġʵĿش
ܰЦ֪ģҶҽһˣ˶Ŀںܶ͡
ܰ㣬ҿħˣֱۣţɣǸʣô
֪ңҪҶҽƭˣİɣһҶҽҽ˹ϵܰ΢Ϊ
ͷҡͬ˹һУұҪҴʵĿ

ۿƺӲģܰЩȻԭΪӶҪԼǰĨҶֻΪԼҪҶƭƺֻԭ򣬷Լ˵ղŵĻû׷Ŷԡ
Ժ󣬾͵֪ܰȰ˵ʵʱԺٴδϨ
ˣ
һ㣬˷֣ܵܰܰ㣬ߣȥʣ
ôżʲôܰЦãҪʣа
ҡ
ԣȻһƺҲԼе̫˷ˣһʱ֪η
ܿ죬ܰ˵ĵȴУҶ߽
ҶǲܰıϺŮ˳ˣһʱǰסҶȥ·Ȳʵ
ҶƲƲ죺նС㣬ѲҪ˳𣿡
㡭
֪ΪΣÿμҶһקظԼԻһҪҶͷĳ嶯Ϊ˾ҴҶǿų嶯ٴʣûܰıϳ𣡡
йϵô
Ҷض˼ӣֱЩëصĶ󣬲ſʵ
㡭
Զԣĳ˵ҶǷƺȷûйϵ
ۿҶװģغܰк㳯¥ݿȥ
Ҷѻ˵
״ǻص˵һҶʱΣǽ
Ҷᡣ
㡭վס
ظҲֱߵЬѩ׵㣬Ҷ׷ȥ
նС㣬ȻҵôȤҾͲ㡣
ۿ겻ɢҶͣ½ŲعͷЦеҽˣһ˫ˡ
˫ɣ
Ȼ֣ͫ׶ȻŴǾ㵵ؿҶ
ܰҲһ㶣
ȻҶʣǡȴû뵽ҶַʽӦ
㡭޳ܡå̬
ܿ죬Ӿлع񣬶ҶıӰ󺰣һǻǹɨӵһ಻ϡ
ܰ㣬ûƭɣ֪ʲô˰ɣ
ۿҶȫԼĻò˹ȥ뵽ʲôæܰ
ԩˡܰûΪҶѣǵͷ͡
֪Ŀǰ״ԼΪҶѣš
ΪҪǣ˵ʵĻ


067 լŮ
ڹȥһµʱҶÿصԼ󣬶漸ߣߣɹŽڤ롣
ȴǸ⡣
ΪܰͻȻҲһʼΪأҶνǷ˾ţ֮Žܰڵѹƣھء
ΪˣصҶ˸ˮ裬ϥڴϣ׼ڤ롣
Ȼ
Ҷ񣬽ڤ״̬ڴͷϵֻͻȻ
ֻҶҲ֪սۡսΪڷյĹѧУѧֻĩܻؼңΪֺҶԱҶ򣬼ÿ춼Ҷ绰
ȻҶóֻһս۵磬½ͨ
Ҷ磬㻹û˯绰ͨսڵʵ
Ҫ˯ˣ绰ˡ
˼Ҷ磬ͬѧĹͷˣŸ绰սǽһЩ˷ܵʵˣҶ磬ߣߣ𣿡
氡ôˣ
ʱս۸Ҷ绰˺ů֮⣬ѧȴߣߣҶЩɻ
Ҷ磬ѵû˵ȫӾҪںٰ𣿡
֪ʲôϵ
Ҷ磬ȻһҲģ
սˣҶȻߣߣĻӦöԵӾܸȤŶԣϾߣߣŵıĿ
绰Ϊ˸£Ҷ
Ҷ磬ȱʼһȥֳսɣս˵绰Ŀġ
ȥҶܸɴؾܾԣߣߣֻǷɰˣνıûʲôȤ
Ҷ磬ȷȥ
ҶľܾսȴδǹյҸ˵αȫӾ֣˾ͽˮ
˾ͽˮ
찡Ҷ磬Ȼ˾ͽˮ֪ҳ׸ˣսҪĸоߣߣĴˣųߣߣŮլŮ񣡡
ûȤԼȥɡ
Ҷ磬治ȥҸ˵˾ͽˮһŰű޵ȴӵħģز׳ۣ˵36EѼͯվ顭ս۲ʷǸо·˾ͽˮŮˡ
Ȼ
ս˵꣬ҶҶ˵绰
⺢Ӿˡ
ΪսߣߣҶҶϵ绰Щʱ䣬漸ѹ񫡣
ţ
򿪵ԣ½ϷҶȻʮ˽šڹȥУߣߣĽʽѾʶ˽ģ΢˽ԡ
˷˽ţҶԣνǻƻŮϻΡͷһأپЩ棬ֱ֮࣬ӵ㿪˽䡣
Сӣϴκȶˣ״̬ѱŰòᣬܲSOLO
Сӣ԰ȻѸSOLOƵõ̳﷢ҪӳôӸ㣬ϴ֮㣬ΪɧǷҪӹĲɣMӣӲŰɹֱɾߣߣ
ǣҸ̳￴ϷƵץ˺ܵûȤSOLO
ãǡߣսӶӳߣ죬Ҹ̳ϷƵʵгΪֵǱʣûȤҵսӣȤĻţ߼QQ

ʮԿһ飬Ҷ֣˽ԼҪôԼSOLOҪôԼսӡ
һжΪ̳һӡ
ںĵʹ£Ҷߣߣ̳Ǹӷ
˾ͽˮ±Ƶ
˾ͽˮա
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شϣ˾ͽˮְҵҵԭ򡪡ǳ޺ڵ̸˾ͽĶŮ
̳Ҷֵһҳ棬һ϶йء˾ͽˮӣʣµĴ඼һЩְҵµϷƵ
֮⣬һҳֻһͦӣɧ´Ұȫܵ·٣λף
ӣҶԥص˽ȥ
ΪϷе֣
СʱǰϷһС١ңͶԷSOLO˼ѣŰһʼΪԼ̫вŵ²Ұܣ˼Ѻ֣ԼͶԷʵѹһΡ
йٵļһȻںܶ෽涼ֻһ㣬ʶֱﱤˣˮ׼ȫһЩνĸ֡
һĳλף⿪СŰأ
Ϊ֤ʵһ㣬صöƵһ£˵ҼˣȴöָԼ̧ۡϷƵ
ƪӣҶ̲סЦˣ㿪ƵǰϺĳλҵSOLOƵ
صƵҶϷȴٴοһ˽ѡ
룬Ҷǵ㿪˽ţȻһϢãҸղ̳￴˹ӺϷƵַر㽻һ£
ˮ
˾ͽˮǸǵģ̳ﵽӲ˵㶼˿
ϷҵƣҶ̲ס̾һ䣬룬ǸԷ֣ԡ


068 Ů
԰һ
һŮڵǰֳ°ͣӢ̳ӡ
ŵƹ⣬ؿŮһͷƮݵĳǰһȻŮۿɰ
ֻ˶Ϊһӡ
ǡ
ĿƣǶԲͦεķʱԻᶯҡǶ36DأԲһδŮӵеģ
ͬǸ߸ΣڱŮѾˣ
С㣬ʮˣ˯ˡ
Ժ󣬾ŮȤعۿһƪӵʱһ˽鷿Ůȥ˯
ŮԣŤͷ¶һɰЦݣม֪ˣ̣ȥ˯
£ŮصҳҪرϷȻйע˷Ϣ
ѡѵǸйٵһظˣ˽ѣŮûһ
Ϊ̫ߣ˿̫Եʣ˽ѣעˣ˵˽ͳͳա
עҲ࣬Ϊ˲žпǹٵĻظ
ݵŮæ㿪䣬ͬԤϵһȷʵǹٵĻظͬ
ŮеĪ˷ܡ
˷֮࣬վıܵ긾ŮԣеסԷĸ첲¶ʽĿɰЦݣ̣һСʱòã
У˾ͽϻصش绰٣ҪСʮ֮ǰϴ˯ΪѣҴӦ㣬˾ͽġ
̣㲻˵Ҳ˵Ұǲ֪ġ
Ůøʵز긾Ůĸ첲գŴ۾Ҫһ㣬Ц԰ɣ
ǡ
̣֪ˣˣһСʱɣһСʱһСʱұ֤ϴװףԹ˯
ðɣһΣɲ׼ˡ̲ס̾˿
󣡡
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̿Цá
Ůǻľ飬ֱػصǰһʱ俪ҶSOLO
ŮҶϷϰԵѡˡĪӢۡ
Ịֶ̄SOLOҲܸձ٣мܣäĥѪ˭飬ô˵Ӣۣ治ã
ˮѡǳ·ڰ֮Ůݡ
ĥѪߵĪһǱӢۣһױ߶ʮ
ϷʼҶʱ·мһվ2󣬽״̬ĪӳıεĳֻҪͣס2벻ͻԶ״̬
ˮƵİݣʵʵվԼ¡
ӣҿСˡҶƵȡЦˮһ䡣
30СʼƽҶȻһˮǰҶһQһչɵˮһСѪ
Īڴڵ˻ȥˮе飬̫ǰСҶĲѾˡ
Ͳ˵⣡
ಡ
ˮǰʱҶ׼ʱĪһQƽAֱӽˮ򵽲Ѫ
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ˮжҶҶ۵
ˮǰҶû˸ŵ£Ƕ˺üˮĪһҲ©
ǰڱѹˮַУӢ۵ԣڰ֮ŮݵҪ6ѧ˴֮󣬲Żֳ
Īӳڴ
ˮҳҶƨɣˡ
ˮһֱҶҲû취ֻͷƾŮ6ıǿҶҲ֪һ㣬ԣҪܵǰƣಹװܽѹơ
ܿ죬Ҷ6ʼĢˮĵȼǿǿ5£һֱǰûвϼ
سǳװ
һȥ֮ҶʹûسǣĪӳ˸˺öкöǮڻسǳװȻʱѹˮ͸ˡ
ȻĪֻ3ܻسǵʱ򣬲ѪˮᣬȻܳΧҶмһѪѪ300ֻҪһQһƽAһȼ
ҶϷسǣһֵˮǰȼϣҪóQʱ򣬡һܱɣ
飡
һֻϣѣΣȼС𣬴ƽAһңĪء
ˮһױֱӽˡ
ţ
ҶǸոˮĵȼֻ5УôͻȻˣ
֪ˮغʱ䣬ܳ·Ŀأǹϵ
һѪϣڰ֮ŮƲɵȵҶص·ˮˡ
ܿ죬··ҲˣͷҶˡ
ڶ֡ˣÿÿҶҪˮɱʱ򣬱˼ҷ
ˣ
ֱŰҶЩơԴӢûбԷŰء
֪ǣۻĵӾӢϷSOLOˮļûУܶˮɱɹ˶Ϊ
ͬǸ˵ʶȷʵ

СѧҽҲãҲգҶû治תĶʱˮ˵
ˮҶػԥһ£˽ʵһ˽˵𣿡
ԡ
ս𣿡
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벻սӣ
룡
ҶŰĻʲô˼սӣ

ˮƺû뵽Ҷ˸ɴؾܾʱһԥһ£ظǰűսӶӳ˾ͽˮűսӣ
űսӣ
˾ͽˮ
Ҷֱˡ
˾ͽˮ˭
ǿӢŮլŮ
ţԼ˵ԼμӴ˵еİűսӣ
Ů㿴ǲţڷɣҶɲԼˣΪԷڵ٩Լ

԰˾ͽˮŵĻľ


069 ûû
Ϊƭ
˺üӣ˾ͽˮŴӾлعգĴ۾ŷ۵дɻ
ҶӢ˼Ӧˣ㲻֪ҲӦ֪ˮ׼İűսӰ
Ǹֵˡ
˾ͽˮ°ͣ˰ҲûȻһ䣬ȻѾһˣæصԣȥ˯
ͬʱ
Ҷȴڶ̶ʱ񣬽ڤ״̬
Ҷڤ״̬ΧĿһ壬ͣת
һ̣ҶǱ˷ۣһСͷ籩
Ҷÿһκشıӿ룬Ȼ󡭡£աС졯·У͸ǡƤ֮Уϴӣ¯һ壬۹ų⡣
ʱһһţҶڵѪʢ˿˿һȻϢתΪЩȴûһӿ뵤
Ǵ澢ĵط
ߣѧڤһ죬ڵﴦһžӣպڤУһڲЩܵﴦǿžӵĺһ㣬ӿ
Ҷȴһ
ֻڵѪתľһΪţֱӿС;ľŴѨմ˾ŴѨ֮ڡ
һĻǱ߿»ȥ
Ϊ൱ҶӵоŸ൱һͬߵľű

Ͻ԰
Ϊһʻ٣һ׺ɫ˯ȹĴϣȴǰָҡ
ʵϣڹȥһֱûȥļҴҹÿԡԸе˯ȹڴϵǰָ
Լǰָͷеѹ
Ȼ
ڹȥǰָҪ˵˵鶼ûС
ѡѵүҪȡ֮ô
ԼǻĽ뵽ǰָ⼸һֱԼ˲õĸо
ΪǰָŮˣǰָȨɵĿֻһӽ߳ȥ
һʼǰָȫúڵֶΣ붫Ѫƴκ󣬷˫ƾУǲŸıԣ뾡һа취ύڰ˫¡
ڹȥСǰָò״˺ηﻪһߣǰηﻪ˺򡪡ηﻪնɱҶηﻪܺʶ
ԭǰָΪϾҪ󹦸ˣȴû뵽˷۱ûнʶҲ˼ˣѶ
һ£ǰָٵѹ֪
Ҫٶﷴ˵ΣգҪϴΪ׷Σ
ţţٰǰָȡ֮ĻǾҪ뾡һа취ΪǰָߵŮˣ򡭡֮ǰںһо͸֮ˣ
ţ
͵ͬʱȻǰָĽŲŵɫ΢΢һ䡣
֨
ԺӦٱӭӣȴǰָһЦݵ˽
һǸǰָ鷳Ӧýˣ򲻻Ц˿ġ
ţȴδǲڴϣͰڰڣȽ棬һĵүüû˼ˡ
СӣҿǼ첻ɣǰɣǰָЦųϵԡߵߡ
ټΪϵӣһץסǰָµĸǹү˼ˡ
£࣬Ųǰָ£ʼ
ԼĪʮӺ󣬰ǰָһͳŭµĸǹӵǴһ㣬ӲܿƵض˼¡
үû
ЦͷֽϵҺ壬սʵү鿴ܺð
鷳ˡ
ǰָȼһ֧ѩѣյš
ٹɵǰָĻУʣû
š
ǰָ˵ͷɻ˵νϹķ籩ռ뽭һģȴҶƲӰӣѲ˸ϵ

ٺȻҲҪⳡϹ籩Ļôȫʧȥύˣͷǰָʵ
΢ͣٺԥһ£ʵүأô𣿡
˵ǰ죬ｭϸµĺͳͳȥ˶
ү˼ӺпǸҶСӸɵģٵһ
鲻ֿԺܴ󣡡ᵽҶǰָı𽥱䣬ﺮȻ
ǰָϵĺ⣬ʣμҿ̨ռһҶľ棬СռҳǻҪô
ҶСҵĳ߳£ֻҺ£ɱʵѽͷ֮ޣǰָɭ
ү֣֮ʵǿЩģǰָһƣӶˣôȥԸҶ
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ǰָ˾ͽŮ˾ͽˮҪμȫӾ
˼Ҫ˾ͽŮ
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070 δȻ
˵һʮһϰߡ
ҶԣӺСʱϰ𴲣ȭ䣬Ҳһֱţֻǽˮ˳ܡÿ춼ŸȦﵽĿĺǰСȭ
฻һϪõ԰һϵסȨʿŵĽ˿ȸЩȨʿÿ¶ǰ˿ȸžžžﵽɡѹĿġ
Ϊڽ˿ȸϲ͹ȣЩȨʿûеڶ쳿ġ
һ£ټĸ˲࣬ػؾôʮˡ
ҶϪõ԰ס˽һˣÿ춼ҪЩ̸Ϻ죬ȴҲ㲻İÿμ涼΢Цʾ⡣
ڶ糿Ҷһܣûܼˡ
һǰһţǰһˣŨüۣĿ࣬ԳƵϻ
ȶԣҪСö࣬էһȥ磬ǡϸ۲죬Էʮֽʵ³ĸо
֮⣬ܲʱ򲽷ӯҡÿһ붼޼
˾ǣСÿʱÿ̶ǰ˱ͬľ룬Ŀع۲ܡ
Ҷֵ˲䣬Ŀ絶һɨҪҶ͸
һ۹󣬰СŲĿ⣬ԭĮȴӿֳľ裬ƺҶϸеǿҵΣϢ
˷ǵûоҶٶȣҶкֽᣬҶÿ˿ɲˡ
ûǴĻǳÿ쳿棬޽ô֪Ҷ
Ҷһμ˵ʱ;˲򵥣ȴûȥ˽⣬Է˵Լϣüͷ
ǲҶĲЦЦҶҪᣬҲҪ̽㣬ںزˡ
Ŷ
ҶЩȻ֪˾¶˾˱һڹĿȴû뵽Լز
Ҷҽһ£˼ҶЩȻͣ½Ų֡
ۿ޶⣬ҶҲûйߣա
Ҷʵ񣬼ز綼֪ܰС㣬ͬʱ֪Ϊ䷢̺ŽϹ˾ΰǼϸ̺˱һڹĿ
˵ؿҶ۾֮⣬СϢ˵ռܹμңҶû
û뵽ô
Ҷ治ɫԳЦֻһҽѣܰռμңЩҲ

ԣˬһЦЩ˶ΪܰС˺μҵĺڲϣܰСҶȵģһ˵㹦ûҲˡ
ҶЦЦûнӻ
ҶҼμ㳿󶼻ȥߵִȭѵϰ䣿ٴοʵ
ղţ̽ҶбЩʱҪ̽ת䣺Ҫ黧ô
ৣ
ҶĻո£ĿҶǸо·ֻҪһ£ҰһҶ
ҶˡЦģ˵ҶǰʱCCưſڴˣһҶ
CCư㿪ģҶ΢΢۾
Ҷӿֳɭ亮⣬꣬Ҳûɸеһ䣬ڵһʱҡͷҿģǰָ
ǰָ
ƽǰָںĴƹ񣬵ϳΪү
ҶCCưſڴˣǰָĳӡȻҲ֪ǰָΪγٳûжҶʲôΪӣǻҶ鷳ġ
ԭˣлѡ
ҶȻ֪ڣϾԻǺܿظл
ЦЦû˵ʲô
Ҷ״Ҳٷϻʾһ£ٳǰȥ
ϰ壬ֶԸǰָôҶԶ󣬰Сʵ
Ҵʮ꿪ʼ̫̫ˣҿ͸˲֮࣬һʣСĸоأ
ϰ壬˵ÿμѹ
ƺСҶղͻȻɭ亮⣬ǰδеأǿǿʲôزҿԿ϶ǣҳְɱɹʲᳬɣ
ʲʲô
һֵɫˡ
ƺΪСǻĳֲӵļ⵶ѧʵȲǰָߵӣͨɱ֮
СԼĻ˵Ҵ򲻹ӣɱ
Сȴ˵ְɱҶʤʶûУܲ𾪣
ԭֻǴռǰָĶ棬ǰָвռС𾪹̲סЦˡ

ճҶȭռ2ű
磬Ҷҽ
ĸͣҶһʱ΢Цк
硣ҶЦЦֱ¥ݡ
Ҷһ¥ܰ˯´ӷ߳ʵô˯᣿
ϰˣ˯ˡ
Ϊʵ̫ܰʲҶȻЩȻ
Ҷתƻ⣺ͷŪһݹǰָϡ
ǰָ
֣ܰһ㶣Ȼʶǰָȴ˵ǰָĴҡ֪ηﻪǰָ
ţϡҶ룬ֲһ䡣
á
ܰǴӦǵǵʣǶǺڵˣҪǵʲôѵˣ
㲻ǰɡҶ˼ֻǷδȻ


071 ע
ʱͷ·еɳܻڲš
ʱһζȫӾ˵ʱٵӾߴȫظϵֳս
֮⣬в˾ͽˮķ˿Ҳظ˹ֻΪĿ˾ͽˮķɡ
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˾ͽȻĵĸϰ䣬;ϣֻǿ۷壬ʱôһ˵Сģҽȥסſڡ
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090 ֳ
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ΪȻų
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ᣬ͵ҶȥְˣڣЩ쾳ţû˸ȥ֮µģͽܣǲŰô
ԣ鵱ºһЩʣҶˣ
ϲڣʮҲҰ
ƲƲ죬ǱͽΪ˺ճһŭһ籩ҶҰƲ⵹˰׼ڽϵӣҶȡ֮Աڶƽ
ͫ΢΢Ŵƺû뵽Ȼɺϡ
ˣǱͽѾˣһŭ֮Ѫϴ麼ֶ治˵նɱ۷ߣһԲߡ˵䣬̲ס̾ʦٶԶԶǵ󡣡
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091 ٱ
ҹһ۽γʻ˾Ϫõ԰
Ϊﺼ˵ںϣһ֧ѩѣɫصؿ壬
̫ͶˣѩϨûв
ʻλϣΪڼ˾Сͨ⾵һصı飬в̾
Ҷնɱ硢ǰָټ麼ֶ澫ش麼ֶĻϣ˾ͽķԸһݴ񡪡麼ֶʵʩƲɵ麼ֶɾ
Ȼ
ΪԽϳϵʱ򣬽ϾǰδеѪѹнϾһָ֮ͨ쾯ν϶Ҷ껶ŭٸҺΪⱲӳηԵ
ȴһϳϣԾǿƣֻܷ˵ͷǵһʱʾ˾ͽõظֹͣһж
˾ͽĻ˵Ҷ껵ŭ𣬶ܲ
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ְĵҪӽϸϳȥԸɾҶ껳ϽκѪ¼ô߳ϵĻɶ
첻Ұ
ۿʻϪõ԰̲ס̾˿ȼѩѣݺ
ϰ壬Ȼְ硢˺˾ͽ˵ҶڣҲС̲̾סȰصġ
СҲǵģǾһֱ綼ҲˮںܣҲûйҡ
ھεԭΪԳô˻Ὣӽϸϳȥһڶȴû뵽;زۡ
ķθ֮ԣСʶȤѡ˳Ĭ
֮ӳ㣬Ӿ縹ģ֮ӳȮӾˣ֮ӳ棬Ӿܳ
Ϊ˾ͽֵܣĴм㾢ҪΪ˾ͽЩʲôͷֻܰ;ϣܲƣ
ϰ壬˵ְǱ뺼᲻ǳҶģ۽γռ2űǰ·ʻСһ̲סʵ
ͷְȻ뱨Ӧò֪ҶΪϾϡ϶Ǵǰָˡߣƺֳû˿˿
ϰ壬ҪҶ𣿡С

ܸɴطС飬ϴΣұҶҶҶǲġȥҶҶ黹ãǵǾ͵òʧˡҶǴĶˣŪɳ׾ҶǱԶҶʹĹϵ
ǡһְ˲ҶΪıҶô죿СЩġ
ְôˣǽΪجΣЦ
С⣺Ϊʲô
ڹȥһЩУҶÿһطְǸطΪΰõĵطûнʿȥְֻҪҶ֣Ҷ껾ԲŹ
صһ򲽽Ҷ껲֣մ˵Ҷп쾳֣ʱ¹˭ֻ˵أ

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֮࣬С뵽Լ˵ɱҶɼʣЩ졣
Ҫ˵Ҷ쾳ֻ֣ǺԲҲɱҶ
һ˿ϣܣ
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ڽϾİ嶤ܺΪְ硢˰ڵĽӷ硣
֣ϿɲΪ˳Դբз潭Ů˶
ӷеһʱΪһְ࣬罫ָŮ˵ӣС죬Ůɾ̲סüͷ
ְԣָĴָʳָǯ״һסŮ˵°͡
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ֻ֣ɫҲ棿Ҳ̫СҵƷζ˰ɣ
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۵ŮǧĶ𻨣Ȩ󣬿ְ缫ԵĻȴҴһ
ΪǺþܺԸֺõˣŪǣһֻһ򵥡
Ůľսͬʱüֹ
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Ů˵Ժ˵
ְܺĻ΢ЦŶ֣ǴĿĵȻǳԺ֣Ϊ˲˱ɱ
Ϊ˲࣬Ҫɱǵȥ
ɿüͷͳ˵ţɱⶸȻӿ֣ͷƮݵĳ޷ԶȥΪ졢ˡ
ɱɱͲܹˡ
ְԹ죬Է׻֯ˣֻԣѴʡԷ˾ͽôҪԷʵҲں֣ŭҶ껡񣬿ɲܹġ
Ĭ
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ӦףҪ಻һܹ쵽ģҪʱ䡣
ְĬԼĻ̲סٴЦֶơˡǮȨЩ׵ĶûȤڽһʱԣѧ
ʲô˼ɫһ䣬Ϊְ
ְָָԴ֣ϸһ룬Ļ׵鱨ԱҸ׺͹Ϊ
ΪΣʡ
ĥְһŵҶĥǵԣĥǵ
ٴγĬȴ˸ž⣬ƺڿְ⻰Ŀԡ
һĻְܺ˸һʶ
ְȻһŰ棬ͻѬյԵʣټ̳˼ļ²̲ͣȻΪһһ֣Ϊں䣬ûڵ͵ʵǿͷ͡
һֱһСբззǵܺ鿴ֱһɷϵɱʵ̫Ũˡ
ˣǼ̸Ůˡ
ְ˼һ˿ĿͶܺ飬аЦЩƷŮˣ
٣Ҫ˵ƷΪӣϵһܲõܰһ
ְѯʣܺعæص֮⣬һлŮҲܼƷ
㺹꣬йôһԼƷ
ְԣ뵽ӵұΣ޼ɵشЦ


092 ֺź꾫
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ܱھƵռ40ӢĶĻ԰С·䴩УھƵӾˮȤ
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ԸĵҶ°ǰӵܰĵ绰֪ҪǰѧܰصΪ绶ͣҶһͬǰ
һֱ뾡һа취ҶҶ޶Уһܰ룬Ҳûоܾ
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Ϊ³ԵʣҶܰ㻨˽һСʱŵִſڡ
Ҷ磬㣬ˣƵſڣսѵȺʱҶܰæӦȥ
߽ܰüʣôô磿
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ܰһҶŲ߽Ƶ꣬Ҷսں档
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ŵ͵񣬸ԳɫΪǽϹŲͻεϹͶصıڵơ
ʱ磬ɫδڵƾ͵ĵƹȥߴͳһĹǴŽС̸
ͬս˵ѾˣŲ˵Ӣ߹ͨšĿǰĵλǹӢڻڵʽ߻ӢΪ
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093 ɲһ
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ȥͱŵڲһЩóԵĲģһصصһƿƽԹƣͿνǼΪḻ
ΪڹȥʱҶαɳȥִȥˣ͵Ҳİòʱ̸̬ţȴҲϱ׼
ףҶ㲻˵СɽﳤǵһγɽôôõôҶòͶ׼գ۾Ǻʡ
ҶƲƲ죺ûԹ⣬û𣿡
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ҶôһҭòѶζȥֻҶûǸߵò
Ȼŷ˳Ե٣ԣ˵ôͲˣҶбҪһѾͷƬӳ֪Լ

ʱͬҶ˵йĺ٣ûС
Ҷһֱս۶춼Ķ֣ʱҶҭһԣ»Ӷŵ
ˣԷ
ܰЦãȴףҶȻһΪˣֻҪϿɵˣ¶ƽ׽˵һ档
һζʧܣòᣬҲ㣬ֻܽŭ⻯ԾǶͶ̥Ƶģϵʳһ˼һ롣
һĻҶӾϲΪͽɮ˿ˡзŵӵӣ
Ϊõ֮һͱŵ쳣𱬣ɫʱ򣬻ϯл󹲽͵һˣ˱л󹴵ߵлĿǸо޲ýлȥ
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ܿģҶߵϴֳϴ֣ȴŵһζഫлǻĽھŤߵߡ
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лϴ֣ص޷İ˫壬ԿĺڸǷ͵ĺɫ˿Ҳǿһ
˵ʱ촽΢΢Ҫжģ֪ΪΣǴĳħһ㣬Ҷڳһ˿쳣
һ㣬Ҷ϶еĲ²⣺ȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪӽңŵĹûãֻһƤë

ȻҶⷬлϵЦݶʱ̣ҶĿ𾪡
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ҶŲһͣʣ£
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ǸҵҽûôۡҶƳлһۣת뿪
лſ촽ͼٴνסҶһ뵽Ҷ̬ȣֽߵĻʻ˶ӡǸ˵ƤҶҲΡ
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094 
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ܰ㣬Ҫүү˵˵Եһ£ȥŶ˾ɡ
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ǼڶԶ罭ϣǱ߾ּңҾûǶǱ߿гһЩ
һֱԼһһҹϵǢܰδ˶ǳԼĿǰͬʱֲ˵ðүүô϶ĵģүүҲ뷨
ܰ㣬㿼ôˣ㲻ȥһ˴Ǳ߻ĵġ
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СƨûзȨսһۣҲסң𣿡
ǻؼҶ磬Ҷû֮ǰʲôʱŻؼˣսƲƲ졣

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˼Сô㡣˾ͽ˵ɣ
㡣Ҷʵ˵ţкŨ
ģмȥǾøȽϺá˾ͽɫ
һΣҶûп˾ͽһν˵ꡣ
ҵõ׼ȷ鱨ͺŷֱ˺
˾ͽܹˣֱϴĶְ磬˴֮һкһһࡣ
סںľ֮⣬ҪΪ˵硢ǰָ˱ɱһ¡Ȼƺ󣬽ֳұ֤û˿˿
˵˾ͽ̹ȻСҸ£ȥǣ㡣һǷɱ硢ǰָǣԻ취㣡
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˾̤˺Բ磬ְͨһаʵʵõ֣һ̵ֶõó뻯˵ȾѪŷḻĲɱ顣
˾ͽ˵أڡ࣬Ǻһһ֣Ҿ˵Ѿ쾳żһǰ롮벽졯磬ʱ̤쾳ߣһ̤룬ǰʮǱ
Ȼû֣ǾͺðˡҶ΢΢۾֮¶˼ɱϲֱ˶ϵĸо
ǲҶɱ˾ͽæֲС򲻿ɳ嶯
ѵǻк֣˵ﻹи֣Ҷü
ǣ
˾ͽϣͺžǰҲҲҪ˵ĵڶ¡
ʲô
Ҷǽʡ
Ҷ˭Ҷɻһ֣֪紫ųҶ껵Ĺϵ
㲻֪Ҷ껣
˾ͽȻǻĵһҶҵԱǾ֮һҶҵӰߡ֮⣬Ҳϰʿʮǰ֮ƻ˵ʱһȡ֮
ô
ҶЩȻҶҵӰ˻һ˲õĳɾͣ߷һϣ¾ˡ
ǵģҶһսл¼ȶԣڹٳ֮ей֮޲
˾ͽΪ޵̸˵Ҷ껣ҲȻʧɫĸо
ȶԣҶھľ㵺󣬱ָ侲顢ʲôϵѵǵĿɽ
ǡ෴Ǵĳ˵ϵжԹϵҶҵͷ׼ҹϵС
˾ͽ͵Ҷ껣ΪڹȥһЩУÿһطְǸطΪΰõĵطûнʿĵΪ
ǵ˳֣ǵҶ껣Ҷһ
˾ͽܸɴسϣǵģΪǰ飬Ҷ껸ϽٷѪ¼һؼʱڣнʿںµĻ㲻Ҷ껻Գ֣
֪ˣлѡˣҶҲ˾ͽģ¸лࡣ
˾ͽԣЦС㽫ˮӻоȳҶԼֱɽֻǸһϢлңѲ㿴˾ͽ
Ȼǡ
˾ͽֱˬҶЩСˣҪʲô
ˣѽͲҪҿˣ㲻Ļͽһ˾ͽ磬ЩϣҲ⣬
ˮѣ׵ЩһֱҶǱ˾һߣһɣ˾ͽ̹ʣҲûаʲôӡ
Ǻãʱ棬֮ǰǰ˵Ϊӷ磡˾ͽԣʮָˣ롣
á
˾ͽʢ飬ҶܸɴشӦ
˾ͽԣû˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰
ͬʱܰս˽ˣ˹
ôˣҶֻһ˼ܰЩĵʵǲҪ鷳
ûС
Ҷ΢ЦҡҡͷϲܰĵĸоܰΪġ
Ǿͺá
ҶĻܰ˿뵽ʲôֵˣҶʡٿʡ°ʻ飬үүȥȥɣ
á
ҶܸɴشӦȻʻûʲôȤҶ˳˺档
֪Ҷ껵ƾʲôڹٳͽͬʱ绽꣡


095 ֹ
Ҷܰе֪ΪʻҶ֣ʡĸҵҺܶʵĹҲŷΪƴ
һ£ʡоصĵ˺ʻġ
λںŶ·֮·ڣǮ³Ǻϵĺʻģõĸֽṹ񳲵ĸֽṹһ߶85ף彨12׵Բȹֱֺ85׵ϲ幹ɡ
Ի顢ǼƵΪĹܣṩ顢ݳʾչʾסޡСֵȹʱ׼ۺԶ๦ܻ顢񣬴ǮϹʷ羰γʡеĸƷʹʻ黷뺼Ժˡͬԡľ
ڶϰ˵ʮ֣Ҷִܰ˺ʻĵͣȥͣΪдΪԺΪĸ߶óʣµĳȻƷơҪЩԵ֤ͨȴ˲Сӡ
Щ˶Ǹеר
ΪҶ껵ݺǿ¢ҵĹҲҰڼӣҪôһǰλᣬҪôʵȨдһǰλᡣ
Ҷܰ߳ͣʱ򣬻ڴ˾ߣϰ츺𰲱ͨȺϽ˵λԱʾݿõʵ׼롣
ԲλԱļ鶼ϸ񣬶Щҽ᳡ļǾ͸ϸˣЩֲμӾǸ߶˻ĸо
ݺʵҶܰģָʾƣǰĻ
ڶڻӣλԱ඼ǰִ᳡ȥ鵽ͷƺų̺žֱٰܽ޷Ტۡ
ԴӺμҿ̨ռڽϵĵλȹ˲٣µ̺Ҳ˽ĵΡ
Ϊ̺ŵĵλˮǴߣٰ췽̺ŴܰҶλ˵һţ֪һ
ܰȻڹȥУڽ̽ո¶ͷǣͷʢ򽻵ĴָЩĴʶܰҶܰǻǲԼͬؽĿͶ˹ȥ
йȻܰ޶˵ԭ򣬵ΪҪǣҶ̫ܰˣ
ʵڡ̫ˣ
ΪĻߵףǱ󣬶ȨԲλᣬҪ˵ҶܰģҸʮµĶѡ
һĿ⣬ܰԵ΢Цʾ⣬ҶֱӽЩλĿ⵱˿ֻǿŻ᳡ڡ
ԣμֻΪĿҶ껵ķɣЩҵУëϵ
Ҷ¶ġ̬߰ЩЩãȴҲûбֳ
һĻܰа̾Ϣ̾Ϣ֮࣬һͻȻµպԶҶǰλˡ
ԲүүΪʲôҺμ顣ԥһ£ܰǸضҶ
Ϊʲô
Ҷ˼Ҷϣûȥϸеè壬ʱܰôһ˵һΧϼһҲЩ졣
үү̽ҶҵĹϵܰ˵
ԭүүΪҺҶйϵҶЦүүʧˣȻҶͻĵһҶһϵҲûС
ҶҽүүһӣΪ̫ʵˣ⡣ǵҶܰС͵
ܰĻҶ˵ʲôȴͻȻټĻ᳡˲䰲
û
ֻһ˲䣬᳡ͱѻȸ
ৣ
˲İŤͷȺ
ƹ£˶鲻ԽؽĿͶ˻ſڡ
˵עУһ˲˻᳡
ŵƹ⣬ؿ˵Ĳߴȴܽʵһű׼Ĺ̸ӢֶͨȺҲ͡
ֻǡ
һ̡
һͨȫ˵Ŀ⡣
һЩ˿󣬽ŵֱס˺
Ϊ
Ҷ껡
һ˲֪˲ĺɫ
һȴڽ´˵Ĵ
ûҶҵӰ˸еĸ߸ϣҲûΪһķâеֻ
ؽ޷档
Ƕǡݡ
ǧ˫۾עӣûκһžÿһ·𾭹һ㣬һ¡
λϹٳиһ̧ͷͦأ࣬ûн
ϸ۲죬Է֣˵ĿȫıӰ
ǵĿֻһη
ֳҶ껵ӰҶЩȻ
ȻΪҶǹؽ޷ʣǡΪҶ껸һֺϤĸо
û
Ϥ
ǸоԼˣȴ벻
ҶͬʱҶ껵ͫ˲ŴһȦŲҲڿжһ¡ӦҶϵϢжϳҶʵ
֣̲סɨҶһۡ
һۡ
ȴ˾ξˣ
һ޷ݵ𾪳ģԼǲǳ˻þ
Ϊ쾳֣Ҷǿ־ͿȻ𾪵ԸӣûнǷ¶ϣƵʶδı䣬ûһϯ̨λá
ܿ죬˵עУҶҲ˸Եλϡ
ʵĴнͲõǰ˶٣˵˿ףлܹڰæ֮ǰμӴ˴ʷᣬҽʡίʡԴҵĵʾԵĸл
žžž
λʴеĻ£ԭĻ᳡˳ˮҲ֮ʼ
ҶνġʡûʲôȤΪҶ껵ĺԼǷĪϤУҶ껵Ľҿ˼ԼҶ껡
Ȼ
ֱҶҲ޷ԺйҶ껵ļ䡣
Կ϶ڹȥʮ굱УδҶ껣
Щ˼⡣
Ҷڼλеͬ뿪˻᳡
Сͷ̺ŲλԱҡ
ʮӺҶʡ1յרڸʻϸһ㡣
õġ
Сһʱ𸴣ͬʱڱʼǱϼ
Ҷ΢΢˫ۣϢ˼ȴɵ˶ʮǰ


096 廹ϵ
͸شö¥һİ칫Ϊ̺Ŷ³պԶڴİ칫ǰϸܰ㱨°ʻ
ܰҶûеҶ棿㱨еһʱպԶʧȥģܰĻֱ⡣
ͬܰжϵһպԶɳҶμʻ飬ȫΪ̽ҶҶҶҵĹϵ
ҶҶҵˣҶҶйϵ
ܰԣ̲ס̾˿ҡͷûС
ûкҶı֣˵ȵȡ׼պԶܰĴ𸴺󣬶Щʧʧ֮ȴֲġ
ܰٴҡͷ

ܰҡͷպԶһ˿ֱӱ飬̲ס̾˿ȼһ֧̣ĬĬţһԡ
үүҶҽѾռ̫̫İҶûйϵҲûʲôġܰ״̲ס
ȻһҲҶǷҶйϵ
֪
պԶЦŵ˵ͷ̾ÿܻὫõһȥ룬үү⡣үүóҶкøУҶҲһ
үү
ȻպԶôһ˵ܰǱ͵еһ㣬һպԶĻ
Ǻǡ
պԶ״̲סЦҶҶˣ˵ҶйϵĻô۶㻹ռҶĺ¡
һΣܰûпǵͷؽ͵үүүҺҶҽ
治ǣպԶ̽һͷɸܶˡ
ҪպԶôһ˵ܰǱȵβ͵èʱͼˡ
㿴Ӧô󣬻˵ûУպԶЦŴȤֻЦЩӡ
ܰ鼱ؽ͵үүүҵ˼ǣҵ仹Со˹˾棬ûЩ飬Ҳȥ̸Щ顣
塭
ܰ˵꣬պԶ˵ʲô칫ҵĵ绰
үүһҪͲˡ
ܰƺܺպԶ˵̸ۼ޵飬绰ץһ㣬ɿ˵һ䣬պԶػת첽뿪˰칫ҡ
պԶҲûֹץ绰Ͳﴫǰ̨С³һλԳʡ칫εҪͨҪ𣿡
ʡ칫
պԶһȻҶ껿սϴʡ칫Σ
ѡѵҶΪ˹˼ӰûҶǰʾʲô
뵽һ㣬պԶȻӿæ죬ӹ
ǣ³ǰ̨С˵ţ㽫绰ת롣
ã𣿡ۿ绰תӳɹպԶȶԻڣʺãΪ𾴡
æһѰ绰ͷΪҶְʡ칫ε䳰ȷ
ৣ
䳰ȷĻǵͷһƵģպԶеڴ˷˲ʧӰ٣ȡ֮ǽţɫҲ΢΢һ䣡
ΪռȨߣպԶһ̫ķ̫꣬ٳ˴򽻵ľ鼫Ϊḻһ±ơ
ˣȣҼֱҰס
պԶС˵ݣԷֻʡ칫Σ˷ŵ̬Էʡ칫ΣҶ껵飡
һ£պҶ껶ߴ磬ռҽҪԲ˶ߣ
ϾҶ껵ݣŪռңһֻӬһ򵥡
պԶǲǾʡίʡС벻
·Ϊӡ֤պԶĲ²һ㣬ȷ߲ƣҺܿ¶ŭ⣬˵ҶʡӲ󣿡
⣡
̽һӵպԶԣԹɫʱһ˵պԶԭڣæ͵ԲΣҵĴֻŮȥʶˣǲܡ
٣һǲܾͿԹȥˣҸ㣬ҶʡΪܲˣԼŰɣ
ž
£պԶػҶ˵绰
쵼ͼÿλ߱
ҶֻܰҶ˵͹ȥʶΪҶ껶̺ɳСμϵĻʮֲ
ΪжϣŴ绰һáèЧӦĵһǾպԶպԶףռڽǸٹ̣Ҷ껲ռҿԵģ
ཡ
ϻصͲд亹ܿƵشպԶĶͷŵ绰ֶ΢΢Щ
Ҳû뵽ԼһСŪɳ׾Ҷ껣
պԶ߯ͬʱ˶Ҷܰ˵ϣǰҶ껵İ칫ҡ
Ҷʡ̺ŽμӻԱϡ칫ң±ǣƵģСؽϵݸҶ껡
Ҷļ°ɡ
áԣæҶܰ˵ϷŵϣȻԥһ£ʣ
ûˣȥɡ˵ĻҶ껱ԴϣȻºͣȴһӹɵĸо
ԣٷϻ˳칫ң˳˰칫š
ۿ뿪ҶæеĺͷļץҶܰ˵ϡ
һ̣ΪҶҵӰߵЩڵץʱ۽Ǽš
ΪܰպԶŮ̺ŽϹ˾ܾΪˣϷ档
Ȼ
Ҷ껶ܰûһȤҲֱӷʮҳȻҶϣɴֱӷһҳӺǰ淭
ţ
һҳʱҶ껵ͫ˲ŵųļޱҲ¶˼־ȣ
ȣΪҶϻһҳֻҶһЩ򵥼أҶ֮ǰֻȼ䡣
ȹҶؽֻвһǧֵĶϣ룬óֻͨһ绰
ӣҲһ˵ϣҶĿǰ̺ŽϹ˾ܾ绰ͨҶ껿żɽҵϢԽԽã
á
绰ͷΪĳ鱨ŵĴвδʣֱӸ𸴣Ҷ˵绰
һСʱ鱨ŵĴУҶϸϴҶ껣ֻǱṩϸһЩֻҶϣûҶնɱӡ硢ǰָ˵ļء
Ҷ껸ӿ϶ĳֿԣ绰ͨ˳ĵ绰
Բĺʱ޷ͨ
绰ͨͲдС㶯Ҷ껶Уȴһ˷粻˦绰ĳ嶯
ͬʱྩĺԺֻĻʾľܾ磬ֹ
廹ϵˡ
һԣȻ˫ۣ鸴ӡ



097 ʧ֮磬֮ɣܣ
ڸӵĳԣʱֵûġ
ǸʱڣǸഺУ԰еѧϲѧϰеѧϲȼеѧϲȻ
ġָƤҲָ棬ָǡ
ĿǰͶϽɽѧս۶ԣѧϰܽ˴ڣҪֵȼܹ͡Ტ۵Ĳ̫ࡣ
лǿ֮һ
׻˵һ˵õȮ졣
Ϊлͨ˶ɷ͹͵˳Ӵҵܵлһɳ죬ֱӴӸСӱ˸һ
ת䣬л˸ٵסڸߵĸͶõĹѧУżֵǧ֮ӿϣ
Ȼ
ִбɫʵı仯ûлڸٱضǵϽɽѧΪѧͷ෴ΪΪΪϽɽѧȦЦ֮һ
лںܳһʱʮƣ
ƹлЦΪѴʱѧϰӰ쭳һרȥѧϰ񶷡
Ľ죬лĸֻ˵ţȴΪף˻ֲܾȥμӵ
һеһУıϽɽѧ競лӡ󣬵ҲֻȥЦͷζѣ޷ΪȦĺĳԱ
һ£л˼ǹ󣬾쭳սӵлħ֮Ƶսۡ
лս۲Ͻɽѧͷ竣ڽȦԶֻҪ쭳սۣôȻ룬ӶΪϽɽѧȦ֪
ԭлԣûа쭳ͬΪֲܾԱս۵ġ
Դѧڿѧս۲֪ΪΣתӣʼúѧϰһֱδȥɽμӵ
׻˵ɣͬģһܳʱ䲻Ҳ衣
л֪ս۸ıԭ򣬵óʱûвμӵսۣ쭳״̬϶У»
뷨лܵսڵĸ߶˰࣬Ÿ߶˰˵ս۷ս
սȻΪҶȡռҼĻᣬӶתӣʼܣѷδı١лȫ˵սȻܵ˰
ս۵Ӧսл˷ܲѣ޲쭳нսŰ衣
̫ⳡʤˣлڱ첢ûȥѧУǿлĿϣǰһڳĴĸװУ԰м顣
Լİڽıгκ⣡
Ϧɽͷʱ򣬸װеĹԱлϣϣлغ
ˡˡ
ϸ٣ֻ𶯵лٷֻȻлĵ绰½ͨ㡣
СڵݹʷԷҸһλ硣
ݹʷһһɫȹлվڴǰлְͨ԰λϡ
㣬ҽҪҪ죬Ͳȥˣ
ڹȥһ֮УлÿʶһӸ綼лʶлϰˣʱһ¾ܾ
ԣıǷܹսλһٳΪϽɽѧȦķʲô˼ȥԷ
ʲô£
лְһҹ˫ǰδеĿֲ˵Ҳְ֪ݡ
ҲΪˣŷѾ˼лǰְԷְܹЯһлôлǰҲܷǽ
ҺսԼ˵ɽ쭳쭳лͷϻ٣ϹȥҲˡ
ˡлԣֻգһᡣ
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٣ʵڲ˼Լ˸쭳ӶظأǸϲԼ԰ɣлŤСЦݵְ磬жЩǡ
Ժŵ˵ְϻ̫үݣԷܹϱŵߣְòҪл˹ͣлȴμӣܲǣ
лĻְһ˿ã뵽лϻǰδеĿ֣ΪлΪšӣ˫֮ЧȴŮѣҲûЦʣܵɽ쭳
š
ְûļл֮ҲΪԼĴϹеԺֻһĵص˵ͷ٣Ҽǵɽ쭳ĳӡ
ǵġְ˵ͷҲţҴȥǱתתܵܳô
лл٣
лԣһϲ⣬Ϊֺź꾫һԸ⽫ߵŮ˴ȥǴ¡ǰǾǶŮݵĳϡ
·Ϊӡ֤лжһ㣬ְһѽл§뻳УһлʥŮ壬ӹɣסʼְŮˣ㲻ö˵лл
š
лϲصͷΪְŮˣٵʹýıײ͵ܵлشתֱۡϵڱĺ£
ҶҶҲվӣʲô⣿Ϊῴ㣿ֻǿʣȡˣ赹ǰԼ̲ˣҲЦ
ʧ֮֮ɣܡ
Ժֳ︡ҶĮܾΣлЦֹ
˿̣УҶְЬ䣡

һУҶ֪顣
ͬһ°ܰȺصռ2űĸܰùͺ󣬱ص˾ͽˮӢˡ
ԴϴҶ˾ͽˮоȳ˾ͽˮƤһճҶֻҪһϷضҶӢˡ
Ϊ˱𡮰űսӡѵĲӵҶƵ˿ڣÿζǿСš
Ҷ磬ʲôʱأ
һϷ˾ͽˮڴţ˾ͽ뿪벽ҽȥҶˡ
ĻʾĻҶҪشȴֻһս۴ĵ绰
Ҷ磬ȥɽ쭳Ҳһȥɣ绰ͨͲдս۵гڴڴҶһͬǰ
㲻ǲȥôȥ
ҶԣûԷʱսҪлĵܵ쭳ֹܰ
Ҷ磬ԴѧڿʼԺһоѧϰϣӿΡ쭳֮һҲûɡ
ս۽͵ҲȲѡлǸ꾫ɵƵܵƣҲȥĻҶΪҲҸǸɵ쭳ԺûѧУˡ
սôһ˵ҶҲ֪ս۵ѷѪҺһʱɺúѧϰϵĹԱʵ
Ҷ磬һȥɣܺġۿҶ˵սۼ롣
ģ㣿
Ҷԣ˴ɽ˸ܰβ⣬Ҳ顢ͨ˵ֻ˵δԾȥ
ɽϾŵ㡣սҶʵطҶҪȥ¼˵Ὺȥ㣡
ˣȹȥɣԼȥ
ҶսԱ˵սߴŲӵܣ¾ܾսǰԼ顣
Ҷϵ绰ҶǸ˾ͽˮԼҪȻ·ܰк뿪Ϫõ԰ǰɽ
ͬʱ
ΪһΪҶҵӰߵҶ껣һҶʧںҹ֮С




098 С˵־
ɽλںʮ⣬ǰһɽΪ羰ǰĳλ̿ξǰ۹εοͲ࣬޷Ტۡ
Ϊοϡ٣ɽξľƵꡢ͹ȺرգķѾʰոٹ·׼޽ɽ·Ϊ˽쭳һרñܵ
ǰߵ뺼󣬿е̻õͼչɽξɽµľƵꡢ͹ݣ澭ӪΣʵΪ˾ٰͨͶעȡ
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101 㣡
ɫӳ˹˹Ӱְϣ§ллͽһӣС
˽лӣңְһʣܵܵı𣿡
֪ûиһػ
лʵ˵ţȻ̧ͷһǰƻͨɽףлԻΪԼְĵЩлһİơ
ţţлԸеĺ촽΢΢һ̣¶һöĵЦݡ
ͬʱսۡлַ׷׵תͷʻŸԵİʻɽͣڡ
ۼ֤̬ķչЩ쭳߷׷׸ڷ뿭´󺺵ͣڡ
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ĳȴ򿪣սŭشӳ£첽лϣ
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սԣŭֹ˫ȭ鲻Խؽһ˫΢΢죬ŴһͷʱᱩߵҰޡ

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û뿭ֹлһֿӱݵĿ⿴սۣһЦܰװñ࣬ʵǸɧ

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105 Ҷ
лл˫ְ֮粻ͣڷ뿭˾ֵУزȶǵ˫ȡ
һʱ䣬ҽﲻ
ԾԨİһ㣬ЩԹ۵쭳ߺ͸ʿһľս
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ְ֣ҸȥҶͺòã˾ͽ˵ҶΣգ˾ͽˮڴ
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Ƿݵǣһҹշת࣬޷˯
ö˶˵ظ˱ʲôʣ¶żֵǡ
۸쭳ǵˣ۳ͷٴε顣ܰ̾˿üս飬Ҫ

֣ûʧɫϵĵǾɡ
һԴ¿˰˸ս飬ҪӦսһڱô죿һ˴ô죿ݵܻȻȴǷݵǡ
˵аա
뵽ҶԼĳŵܰеĵǼһЩȻЩɻʵ㲻Ǻô˱ôţ
ܲһи̣ĲûˡһȻɿػشڸܰͣ˵Լ
á
һɣȴ޷Ƿ顣


109 ɱ
׻֯Ȼʱ̣ܶȴڻӵżߵĵλ
Ͻǵһֱܻġϻᡯ׻֯ĸǡϻᡯеһԱ
һеԭѧĸֱӵĹϵҲֵĸıһǣ
׻֯ÿʡа´Ա٣˸⣬ֻԱ
ְһͬϱҺİȫĿԺǿҪԽʿ
һֶսȻ׻ƵһԱ׻֯ڽʡĸˡ
գֻ·˳ǰȥץҶΪ֪ҶĻ޵ѶӶշ͹ΰܷƲã顣
ձ㷵ؼУѵõļڣֱŻص׻֯ν̹٣ѵѡ׻֯Ա
ص׻֯ղͨ׻֯ڲͨѶϵ׻֯ʡ˽꣬յ˽ꡣ
ֲҶǸҶԭСıŵӡյͨ˵һ䣬Ȼ뿪칫ҡ
Сʱ󣬽ִｭʡԺֱҶ껵İ칫ҡ
Ҷʡ
Ҷ껣ֵüΪ𾴡
Ƿ𾴣Ҷ껳۶ҶңΪҶѧ֮;ϵ衣
Ƿ𾴣ΪԼ˵Ҷλ׻֯һľǿ߿УԸΪӣҶѡ

Ҷڶʮǰܵġ񡯵һ𾪻ѧ磬û˿ʿϢ꣬Ҳǳƺְλ
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ǵģ˫Լ˵ͷصѾں紫ˡ
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ΣҶǸ֮߱ʱǰֳ
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ͬУȴҪָԤ䣿
Щˡ
Ȼ
ȽӾлعҶ껽һ仰ԭأУȥɣ

Ҷʵ̫˼ˣ꾪΢ţ˺üӲŵҶʡս׻ǲֵܲġ
Ҳʲôұ뱣İȫ
Ҷ껵ӹɣǸоҶڱʲộҪԳնɱƵġ
Ҷ껵ļ̬ȣɻѡ
Ҷ껾ԨԴǳҲΪͽȥԤƻ
ѡѵ
ĺȻ䣬һµĳֿԡ

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šħ֮ĳʻһɫͺĳżߵĺͬڣ򿪳վڵʿ¶һ˲Цݡ
ϰħĵϷվڵʿȻٵĸоͬʱһʱС
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˦һƮݵĳϳţŤ˵ˮһһεߵĺԺſڣŶ롣
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ųĻڣܵٻһ㣬һʱ䶪˸ղŵɱҽ飬ʣôˣ
ʦҲģôҲģôƫİɣ˵
üͷһ
ãããϱ𷢻˵
ۿüֻЦݣһĶְ緢˳ͻ˵°˴֮һĿ쵶
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˵Щ֣˽Ҷģ֪ҶѾĥɱϣûŹְŶԡ
ҲЩɻ
·֮󣬺һһСս飬ԼԱһ˽˻
˵ˣּǱӵҽ飬һĮģǸо·ҶҪһϵûС
״Цѡ
֪ǲģǼҶԽǸźɱ




110 Ͷ̥
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ôˣ
˾ͽˮһɬŴ⣬˾ͽ֣ḧ˾ͽˮԴʡ
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˾ͽ˿ʱ䣬Ȼָ˾ͽˮǣЦŴȤôȲҶ簡
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ţ
ܵҶ¶Ϣһ裡
ꡣ
ҶۣĿ絶һ㶢࣬㼱Ͷ̥ھԸ


111 ù
С飬
ҶǸΪĻɫһ䣬ս˲ŷ͵ҪֶԸҶ
Īְ״ס࣬Qһᡣ
ԣһصְ磬Ǹо·Ϊʲô
Ӧ׻֯ˡ
ְָָǰ˳ſȥһԵʻüҶС飬Ҿһᣡ
ûĽҶܰͬĿͶ󣬿Եʻ
ܿ죬˵עУԵ٣ͣ˾ֻ׵ĵط

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ְ绺˵ţһ˵һ߹۲պԶı飬պԶЩּϽλհ׵ѣҴһҶҵ׸ռʲôŵռҶҸ
ˣЩҥԶѣμҿ̨ȫΪǵĺ˲С˳ȥں飬Ҹһ֪
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⣬ǰӣҲܰСĵܵսɽ˵顣
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Ҳ֪ͬҲӦ֪鱳а׼Ҵ֧֣
ۿպԶְֱ̬ӳ񡯣㱣ֻ֤Ҫͬ£鼰鼯Žռµ̺Ŵ֧֣̺ſٸ۰̨г֮⣬׼Ҳռҵ鷳һռҾ޴ԱռܹڶվȽŸ
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֮顣
ְνЦЦȻһŵСһȷѡ񣡡


119 ί
顪
ְĻո£պԶ̬칫ű졣
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ӦһְҵװܰŶ롣
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ְ磬ԼݣҶҽڱ󲻵׷ԷΣʵʩΥ׻֯ƶĹ򣡡
𾪹ܰһ˪ְ磬Ҿ㣬̺ŵңһһʱϱʦ
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ְߵܰǰܰĮ˵ӣ΢Ц⣬С㣬ӺˣҺϲ
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ӺպԶֻȼһ𣬶ֻͨĵ绰һӹɵĿǵ̿غȡϰ˵Ӹϵң˵ٿͥ飡
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˵
պԶӹɵ˵һ䣬Ҷϵ绰ȻֲͨŮٵĵ绰
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С٣˴£ϰ˵ٿͥ飬ظϻպԶɫ
á
ͬûдɰʵףֻǸɾشӦ
ٴιҶϵ绰պԶ벦ͨܰ칫ҵĵ绰תһܰʱδȶԷͷǴȵ°ʱ֪ͨܰ
ͬպԶԤϵһܰȷʵȶ
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ˮǵȾʪ˵ױУе̣ǿࡣ
ֻͱһۣۡ
ڣŬ޷ֹˮӿۿ
顪
Ȼ䣬ŵ𣬽ܰӱоѡ

ܰæȥϵˮȻͼԼ̵ʱ侲ԱԼųһ棡

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ô֪
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ôˣ
Ҷ״첽ߵܰԣܰ
ûлش
ܰһ˽ҶĻУ档




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ܰĳܰ¶˱Ҷûʲô֣ܰĺ󱳣ʾο
Ҷİο£ֹܰͣ˿ͼĨȥϵۣԼ֣Ҷϵֽӣءذܰȥϵˮ
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Ȼ֪ܰһŮӣǷαװļǿҲԶʤһŮˣһЩ˶Ȳϡ
ҲǷαװļǿʲôʱڹ˾ﶼֵʮּǿǿƣЩǰҲˡ
һУڹ˾˾Եţõˡӡ
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˵˴ܰٴӿֳ˷ŭְֱ̫۸ˣ
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ܰһ۵绰΢΢һ䣬ջǽ˵绰
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á
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Ҷϵ绰ܰȲҪȥ뿴յѡ񡣡
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һԼպԶı⣬պԶԸı⣬ֲͬķʽܰǽȻͬģ

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֣ղȥպԶ˵׵顣绰ͨһ㱨
պԶôӦʡ
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ȭ
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ִ̣ܵﺼ㵽ʱȥ
á
ְܸɴشӦȻ̫үеĺ°˴֮ףǰ̤ˡžпѾͻˡɾ
ݺʵ㹻ȥأοҪλնɱҶ


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ɫҹ٣ԭľϪõ԰ĵ·ܹĺܳ
УȥĴ඼ܳȨʿĽ˿ȸȨʿڵͨȥҹĳԴ˴ĵʱ⡣
Ĵ඼Ǻ඼ǺϵȨʿסھϪõ԰˿ȸ
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ҹɫУµA6LŸĵ·ִռ1ű˳Ժ
ͣ£Ŵ򿪣ٴӳ
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ܰĬɳϣȴպԶڡ
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ܰһԳЦݣպԶȷ̬ܰȣֻҲ˵޸ְĻռҵõĲֹ鼯ŵ֧֣һܵõ׼ҵ֧֡׼ڻĵжҲš
˵һǧһүүҪҼ޸Ǹɼ廻ȡĳ룬ôܰ˵ţûκ
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ǺǣΪҺã
ܰһЦˣǸоЦĿƽŴСѹԼҵ壬˽ְô֪Ϊ𣿡

Զԡ
㲻֪ȴְ֪֪һΪĳħרŲŮ˲дδŮ
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ô˵أ
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ˣ
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ǿͶҶңҶұӻ֪Ҷ϶ƽġΪˣǳڶҶĿǣΪ˵ǣܾǡܰһѪ
պԶԣЦһܰΪүүôôʵ㣬ͶҶһñӻĻһԥؾְܾףǣѾҶң˵ѾҶˣ
ôˣܰ⡣
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պԶʵ˵⼸죬Ϊ飬ҳԲá˯¡ڹϣپְܾף鼯ţһ׼ҵıһĻռǰ϶飡
ܰüͷ΢΢һ֪Ҷ绰պԶ顣
ܰүүųģΪռҷ󣬸̫Ŭ룬ҲԸ⿴ռҼ˵ŬΪаɣպԶ֮֮顣
үүҳ˵һѵͲְôҪռôܰüʡ
̲ˡ
һΣһֱĬٿˣȴӹɡ
ţ
ܰ΢΢һƣš
ܰҲԱְ֤޷̵ռңһܱ֤Ҷֵ̫飡ٴοڣϵɡ
СãȻҲ֪ΪζҹĻ
ܰĿתպԶüͷø飬ϵҸ˵ĸδĻ⣡
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һõصܰһ˿Թޣû´Ļ֮ԾܾΪϲǸҶСӰɣ
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ҶǳСƼģӦøСϵСҶ껹ϵܺá
ܰһһǿҶȥҳС㣬óС㵱мˣΪǻҶ껵СìܡһǱͶҶңʱ鼯Ҳã׼ҲգضҶռˣ
ţ
ʦҶ껹ϵܺã
仰ǱڴߵҶһ




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ܰɵǼɵ
շΪҶͽΣȻΪȫ׼ҶҶߣѡ֪ҶҶҺ޹ϸȻȻؽĵԹ¶˳СӲһתҰҽϵΣҶҶҹϵУҿҲҶ껵鸾һùСı֮ô
֪ΪΣⷬٵüͷ΢΢һ£ܰǳ㲻ҪˣҶᣬҲģҲռͶ׼Ұɣ
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ҲͬͶҶҡٴοڣ̬ȡ
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պԶĻܰûһŭЦ⣬û´ĻʵĿͨҶͬκòɣ

պԶԶԣȴûб˼Ρ
ܰүүҲΪã㲻Ҫʶã
ûְʽףԸ⣬ְҲҶͬҶСӵԸԸҲδԸͬ
ҪҼ޸ְˣ
µܰԿ϶պԶ˵˼˿ϣʱҷҲñ
û
ٴοڣ˺Ϊ˼˵ĸܿԺԲƣ
үүҲôΪôܰһЦպԶ
ܰүүϣܹһЩΪһЩպԶʣ˼Ѿԡ
˵ѾҶһˡһ˵ҴӦҶһһһ
ܰվ˵д˾Ȼ˫ȭҲǽһ𣬡ԣΥŵԣ޸Ǹ
ܰô˲ʶ̧٣
ȻŭǸҶСʲôõģһҰҽҽֲ֪ߵغӣҪ군ѵһعѲɣҾҪعѣҲܽռԨɣ
òã޹أҾһ𣡡
ܰԣȻһԵպԶֹҧҧ촽һȻүүִҪҼ޸ǸôҲ뿪ңֻҪռңǸ޻˵˰ɣ
ܰ㲻Ҫ嶯
պԶԣ´ɳȻҲû뵽ܰȻΪҶȻѡռң
үүүС˵ʲôҶᰴҪȥһᾡʮŬã
ۣܰʹպԶһһСʱƫĶңҲΪҰȷʵ塣󣬶һ۸ǼңҲΪʼվṫҰȫշ𣬶Խ۲ŲʣҲΪ֪۲
֣ҿûʲô˵ģǻֱǸҶСӣϾ̹ܰռңܰĻ
ΪܰǷͶպԶأСһöô֣Լһ˱Ͼˣ֮ôֻǺԼռҼ̳˵λãֻҪ͵ܹܵܲữɸΪ񲯵ġ
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УٴżֺشҶպԶüͷƺڿ˵ǣʵСӣղ͵ǵ̸
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ҲΥĳŵܰҡҡͷˮӣΪ㣬ҿκ飡
ҶԣгŸж֪ܰԲ뿪ʮļңΪԼȴʹ뿪
ޣ齻ҡҶ֣ȥܰϵˮֳõٶԶԶϲˮٶȡ
˵ʵʼΪĸң¸ܰβ񣬿һʱ䣬ɺʦȫҵĳ飬ð̧Ҳ
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ҲǾռǽϵһҵ壬磬絽ҸʲĵزʵϣУռƨҶһЦ
ʲô⣿ʲôʱױŭˣָҶ̹ȥ
ˣ̫һ¡Ҷ̬ʵ̫ˣҲüͷЩȥˡ
ҶҳϣΪܰռ˺ܶ飬˵ռңҲδ̫˰ɣպԶڿˣҶĿܲá
ȻµǰֺáͽˣеҪѾ½ΨһñǿԸܰĲˡ
Ҳ˵ˣҰռ˲顣ҲǣҼȻܹռҳȽϵһҵΣôͬռҳ䣡
ҶؿպԶˣԭΪǵ壬ǴôġΪܰռи飬ҿԸһλᣡ
٣֪ߵغСӣҲ·ͷһΣŭЦҶֱǴţ˰
ȻռʲôϣףֻҪܰԼԸ⣬û˿Ը뿪ܰ
ҶƣĿδɨͣպԶϣǲУ鲻У׼ҲУˣҲУ

ΪҶĻʵ̫ˣΪҶ˵һеʱʵ̫ˣһʱ䣬պԶ˶ЩȻ
ܰЦˣЦ档
ԼѡǶԵģܹΪҶŮˣ


123 ˵û
ˣҺܺ棬ƾʲôҿºڣ
ۿҶ¶â̲סüͷĿҶջʣѵƾһպҽ
ĸףҶԣٴο٣ٺм
ǡ
ٺܸɴصͷˣܰռһУҲţ˻ᣬҴռлл㡣ͬʱϣסˣ졯ĵ
ΪڿЦҶ̲סЦˡ
㿴ܰģȻ㲻Цǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
˼ֱ仯ٿǴẕֿ֪̇ͨھܰ䲻̫ҽӦ㲻ʲô˲ҽҲ˵ҽ̫ٱȲҽߣȻߣϱǿ̫̫ˣͰ׼ܹɱ˲ΪҪǣͰ׼ӵеܹģͨѧҽԿģ
֮ҪʲôʱſԿͰ׼ңҶȻЦЦк޲μ֮⣬ٺպԶ˺ܲ
Ҷҵˡٺܸɴܿϧ㲻ǣԣȰ㲻Ҫʯͷˣûк³ġ
ҲҶˣͽܣݹôҶЦ
ͽܣ
ȻҶ⻰ΪԱӵв׵ʣҲ͹죬Ǹо·ʣôܣ
պԶҲҶͻȻðĻﾪĿɿڴܰҲһ𾪵Ҷ
٣Сӣ㻹ﲻݰ
ݵ𾪹ǿ׳һҶЦ鷳㴵ţʱݸʲôͽܣ
⻰һڣպԶٷ׷״лع񣬾ͬĻ
ϾͷšĹ⻷غǿĴʣ
ǿҶͽܣôռС
ȫϺ
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ۿպԶһֿ׳յĿ⿴ԼҶٷϻֱӵպԶ˵סܰǲٱİС֣뿪
ܰ˵ͷûаɣ
СӣԼԣҪռңҶҪܰ뿪ֱӼˡ
ģǸִҪףһӽҲռҵһԱܰͣ½ŲҶ֣޷˵
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ٴܰ˵ҪռҵĻպԶǷݶܰΣʱҷȡ֮ޱȵķŭ
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ҶûȥպԶ̺ܰʹ;ȻӣҸղŵĻˣ²Ϊѡʹ࣬
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պԶüͷһﲻ
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绰˴ԼʮŽͨͲдһͳдԵżֲ
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ܹܵٵʧ䣬绰ͷ΢δ֣෴˲١
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һ̵ϵʧһɨգųһȸԾЦݣͷ·еŮõѵĺǻ
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㡭㲻˵Ҽ֪ҺĹϵҲռʲô𣿡Щ߯ްյǿơ
ǲǾǼҶԸҶ껣ûлش𣬶Ƿ٣һʼΪĮǿơ
ǣֻǾЩ֡ٷɿؽţ˵ĽǶȻôġ
һҶ껵ĳҶЩʲôͬʱӵǰ׼һӶǿϵĬ㿪ڽҿյף䲻мҲֹ

ԣ֪˶ԼȽΣ򲻻ҿյףʱǳһ㣬̵ģǼ߾ܾĻﲻǨŭǼҰɣ˵ҶҽϴǼҰ⵹μҵĻᣬڱƲ˺Ҷȡ֮
˵ˣֻ˾Ҷ̫ˣҵӣǼ޹ء
˵ݲ򵥣ȻôȻҪɣȰ㻹ǺúȰȰ㸸ףҪ˵ŭռҳܲ𡣡
ҸҪ𣬶ܰ˸βһҽҪǸҽϧ塣
̾ΪǣǸҽҲ֪ߵغ񣬿ȥҪְĵףһ˵Լͽܡ
ͽܣ
˱ѾʧȥȤģǰһ󲻽ЩЦⲻܣ


124 ԸΪ
ҲôΪ
ˣûҹҵ绰ˡ
һΣ˵꣬˱Ҷ˵绰̬ʮֹϡ
ཡཡ
æϵҸЦݶʱӲ
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С٣̽ΣպԶżɽʡ
ΣǶְܾܾסɫ
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պԶĵ̾˿ܰҲ֪С׼·һֱߵڣ͵ײǽҲͷοǸҶҲʡ͵ĵƣ
֣ҿǲְ硣
һͷȻǲ˵ֻܰ˵Ҷ֪ߵغطҪְܰһְȻᶯŭŭ𲻻յռϣֻҶСһ˳ܣֻҪС֪Ѷˣְ߱ܰҲûҲͲִŵؾܾˡ
ֻôˡ
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绰ͨͲдְȻõʵĿǣʵȴһ϶ϸ¶ŵЦݡ
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ˡ
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֪Сӡ
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ȶԣҶҪĶ࣬ƺһҲ֪ԼܰĹϵ΢Цźͷʾ󣬱ܰ־ֱԺ
Ժ󣬾ܰȻҶ֣ôһ֮ǰǰǳζȫҸ֮УǶЩ͵ġ
棬Ϊ֪ҶʲôŸպԶǰ˵ŵĻ
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ǲܰĵǣҶߵſڵʱͣ½Ų΢Ц˵Ҵ绰
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ôˣö˶˵Ͱ׼ʲô
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ġ
ҶûһһʮԼγԼܰ鶼һһʮظ˳
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֯ڻĵҪ̾ڳϣϻĵͷ
׵鲻ڻ£Ҫ⻪ĺŰ׼Һѡ
ȻˣǾʦɽҶ
ȻϣСǴβţ˼ŮյˣҿȥҲΪô;ʦ˼ҡ
һЦõ˼ҿ۵ˣΪɽ»ĻѪȷ簡
ʦɽʦΪҳͷҶһһֻ潫һл
Ҫô
󾪣ҶôˣôҪ˵ϲְ̨磬һϽЩ۸߹Ĵ٣Ҳû˸ҷһƨ
ûлش
ҶܰһۣƺַʽĬϡ
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㲻û𣿡Ҷʡ
ٵϾǵ׼Ҹһϣ㣬ֻǽѵְǸС˵ѣ׼Ҳġ
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ţʦ㡣Ҷͷ
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š
Ҷ˵ͷȻܰųžȱӣҲԸˣԸΪ
ܰоȫж⡣
黰




125 ̫
ΪһĹѧϽɽѧȫʽѧһ壬ѧѧУס
峿սʱԭϽɽѧ¥Ҵ·ġϴˢġŶġſαҴҸҵģӦоС
ѧǰսÿ϶˯ѧˢϴʱڴ··ˢϴʱѧѾſαҸϡ
¥ѧ֮һ
һУֻΪҶ
빼ҶΪȡĻᡣ
ԼŬ֤պԶȶ״շ
һִֻűһֱֻſαսҵʱ򣬽ֻȼˣǼ˶ǰĺѧÿԤϰΡ
Ϊս۵ĸı̫ԣΪսÿ춼絽ҵѧ֮һǼλѧδеȣսҲûȥˣֻóαؿš
ԼĪСʱѧ½˽ңﲻ֮ǰǰ㰲ս۵ĸսۣǹʲô
ô˵
ǰǸְ綼Ҫ㶩ˣôĿ鰡
ǾͲˣдˮֻҪְΪٵĽǶٴʲô
Ҫְ綩飿
ôܣ
ǼѧСȴսԼˣ𾪲ѡ죬һֱûлռұһ֪
Ǽ
𾪹սһԼ侲󣬷¿αż竵

ĵûȣȻս۵ĻһŵþǽĻʻ˶˵ƨƨߵս߳˽ҡ
Ǹղ˵ҽҪְǸɵƶ飿˽ңս۴żѧȣʵ˭˵ģ
ա٣㻹֪
ս۵ѯʣѧһ㵣Ȼ׷ײΪսۿŴ£һֻʥ顣
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սɫЩѿȻԼְ綩ĿԺСǸ⼸ѧ޹ʷʸ
٣Ұָ˵ġ
һѧ͵ңѾӵְ綩ˣ˵ڽ
ҰҲӵˡ
竷׷׿ڸͣǶǽӵԸĸ绰֪ġ
ǵĸĸ֮Դ绰飬Ŀĺܼ򵥡Ժһս۵Ĺϵ
Ȼǵĸĸ޷µⳡıֻʶΪܰ鼯ŻĵĶӶռڽϵĵλι̣һٳ߸ͷһ
֪ˣǽȥɡ
ۿѧͬĴ𸴣ս˺üӣԺſɢ˼ˡ
ѧսɫѿûҷϻ׷תңսóֻͨܰĵ绰
㣬Ҹ˵Ҫְ綩飿绰ͨս۱Ȳؿѯʡ
š
绰ͷռ2űܰδʵ𸴡
ô£ôҪְ綩飿
ܰĳϣսǷݽ˲ҷͬʱгɻ벻⣬׿ְ˴˵ƾܰϲҶһ㣬ܰͲܴӦְ綩鰡
ѡѵүү˼
ɻ֮࣬սۺȻһܰڣѿʵ
š
ٴս۵ѯʣܰЩʹǿʹүүСöҪҼ޸Ǹ
ôսһͻˣУȥȥ
ۣͲҪˡֹܰ
ʲôҲҪˣ
սŭֹѲӦǲɣⲻܣ֪ģϲҶ磬Ҷ粻ΪβҰռô飬ôԴҶ磿ֱ̫ˣ
ۣôܴӦܰҲܣΪҶᴦ
һ
սԣ˿Ȼɻʣ㣬û´ĻǸְ˵϶öķʽҶռңʲôƨ̫үүүҲûҪӦɣ
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á
ս۵Ҫܰ룬ǴӦһս׵ܵܣǰȥֳӦģߣս۵ӣӦսҲȥġ
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ţ
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ܰڱſҵҶӰȴռ2ű˱ſڡ
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ܰüͷЩѿ
˵ܰǰ˵Ļôε鷢ӡ˹ȵףȻӭռ2ű
ԺܰעУںԽӭ˱
Դˣܰ룬Ǿ¥ʲô
һӺܰ¥£ȻɳϣŶȣ̣һı飬ǸоͲܰھȥְ붴
ʵȷˣԣܰ޸ְ磬ȷռƽ£պ˳ռңֱһʯĺ£
һģܰüͷøûпкǵȴŶԷڡ
ܰҶأ֪ܰԼӡ󲻺ãҲδ⣬Ǵֱ⡣
ܰʣҶʲô
˸һת˵䣬ӹİóһ
ţ
ܰһļҶںûѣôܻ
ȥμǵĶʽվݵܰǰ
㡭̫
ܰûһһץ˺˷顣
̫Щ˲ʶ̧١ҪʶȤĻռңﻹôһһΪȻ

ֱܰӽеƬϡ
ܰڶǰûԵ㲻£ǰûǿɾ˵ˡֲϵֽƬһЦ
ܰɫףͼ˵ЩʲôȴҶ֪ʱѳվڴſڡ
ͬʱתߵҲҶͼ⣺Ҷһ
תְ磬һ׼ʱǰ
ѻ˵꣬Ҷϣ⣬һ䣬ûкҩ



126 һί
ɽʻλڽʡжǻҪĸ߻ʶں⿪ŵһຽտڰ͹ʺ౸ǻŻ
ɽʻæµһܼܿͻϵɡ䣬ÿӣͨڴ˼ˣ˾۾ضӿȺ˽еӾٹͷȴҪӵ˳֡
ְȻݵʱ伫̣Ϊ̫үڶ̶ʱڱںվ˽Ÿ쳹Ȧӡ
һ£˲ͨǰغڳڴֱӽ֮ɫӳ˹˹Ӱ˻ͣھͣλԶĵطȴź˵ķɻ䡣
顣
֣һĶŵĸоһֶԷ˵ĸо
ʵϣȷһŵĸоȴˣߣѿ쾳ǿߣ
ͬҲ˴֮ףµһɽ
ǹŵϢǴӺϵѧġ
ϻĵһ۾ǣ˹ĵɱ˶ħ
ԼĪʮӺһ̨ܴĿͻ׼ʱڻ䣬һξ뻬ȵͣ˻׼õͣλϡ
ۣɫӳ˹˹ӰҮ
ɻͣȣڣһݽŮְɫӳ˹˹Ӱ˷ֱܵС
ŮһУ˲ο͵עǲԼͬ͸ɻС濴ȥȻһɫְ磬ڽ󣬻߳
һĻһЩݽŮֱŹ⣬Ǹо޲·ɻȥ
Զԣɨһ۹󣬱ŲĿ⡣
ͷȲԭ»ְŪų̫ûм뿪ÿսʲôҪ
⣬ְֱӽЩ۷Ź⼰ֻյİݽŮ˿
һ棬Ϊ˽Ӻٳٲ·ɻЩɻһЩŮƤЬʸôܻȥ᣿
Ժ󣬾͵мݽŮؽƬ뿪ͬʱһɫӵĺ鲻Ųæشӷɻ¡
壡
ְһʱӭϣ΢΢Ƿʺã̬ŵúܵ͡
ôųʲô΢΢ף᲻صһ䡣
ЩӲݡְ粻źۼһƨ
鲻Ϊȳɫӳ˹˹Ӱȥ߱ʵմ˵Ǹɱİ߻ΪռŮһ¹ǽӶ֣ԡʽ軹һӶ׻֯Ҷץѱ԰ɣ
ǵģ塣
ְͷӦʶȤΪţ󣬲Ÿ˽ȥ
СӲǽ˵֣ô죿
üȻ֪⽫ɵԸһߣΪȷְİȫЩֱǸڴӣСá
İɣ壬СӾԻṷǽģ뵽պԶ˵ְĵ
Ϊʲô
ҺСȻֻӴΣܿóһܿˡԭҾͷ˳ͻӣҪӣۣܲ
ְһЦݵռǱ߷ϢͬԤϵһڵ֪Ҫܰ׺󣬲ûʶȤ뿪Ҫĵף
Ĭ
ȻѧСײͣһһոҽа⣬취ۿ鲻˵ְֲ
Ǿͺáԣٶʣ׷
壬ɲԲҪһֱӷϵĹ򣿡
ְԥһ£̲סʵ˽飬֪Ϊ˴֮׵ĺ飬һţȴϻĵŷɥĹ֡ѣһ־Ա
ְ֪ͬһȷϰһʱְôһʣüͷ΢΢һʣΪʲô
ɱǰָˣҺֶ棬ִϵĹ򣬱Ƶɱֱɱδ̫ˣ
뵽ҶɽԼΣְ޵ЦɭҪһˣŮ˹ҵĽ£ζ
ðɡ
ӦְǸоɱҶǷҶ򣬶СӹҼһ򵥡
лл壡
ְһʱлǸȲģ޲ھȥռס

Ϧɽͷʱְɫӳ˹˹Ӱִ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷ껳ʡһרִʡίı
ͣ£˾һʱ³ΪҶţҶ껻ӳ߳һ˽˱
ţ
ǰŸҶ껱һɲԾȻһ裺òˣɡ
žž
Ҷ껵Ļ£һɫĳ¥ݿ߳¶ʽ˲Цݣ⼸꣬ĹЩģȻܹϢǰ£Ӧҡ
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һɫĳ¥ݿ߳ҶǿɬһЦʵôˣ
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ԸеȣŤɳµĸ߸ѥľʵذϣ·ħħһ㣬ܹ˲˵
ʱڹŮҶ껵û¶˿ͫ׶ȻŴ󣺡ѡѵΪ
ǵġ
ȣɢؿɳϣ΢΢˵ͷ
ӦҺϵĺӰɣ
Ҷٴοѯʣһ˷粻¶һڴı飬ֱס˺
㲻ǶѾµôʣȴǼӵػشҶ껡
Һϵĺӣ
ҶѾжϳһ㣬ӵһžԼǿ֤࣬ʵȻױȡ
һĻ֪Ļĳδе⣬෴ЩҶ껵Ⱦ겻ѡ
Ϊʲôңҵĺӣ
ҶԺֳ︡ǸοİŮӣüĿ֮¶ıˡ
Ҳ֪
̾˿ĵµӿֳ˼˸УʦӦԼ뷨ɡ
Ͽ϶Һ֮ˣ
Ҷǰûڵ˵ţ£̲ס˫ۣ˫ȭһ𣬸֮ڶʹҴʦңҲΪ϶Ƕɣ
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˵䣬Ȧ΢΢죬żֲ˵㵱ʱ֪ΣὫСҶ𣿾ȥΣǻΪҶеҰ֣еЦ

ĻҶɫ䣬ǱͱһƵģʹޱȣſͼ˵ʲôһû˵ڡ
ƹ£дʹࡣ
~
ùҶһصһֱߵ档
ҴʦΪ֪ҺС
Ҷ껵ıָ侲ִⲻ֪Ҷһӿܶᱻڹ
Ҳ֪ʦôȻ⡣ҡҡͷˣǲˣ˵˵ڵ顣
ӦòֹǸСɣҶȴ벻⡣
治㣬ʵ޷ΪѾµˡЦһȻ㣬ΪӸҴ˸绰˵Ҫͷ򣡡
˭
ҶɫȻһ䣬ŭȻȻ¶˳
ϴĶӣְ硣
ᵽְ磬ûҶڵ绰˵һУЩջƺְҶаʸûС
֪Ҷϵŭ⽥ֵСӶСûв
Ҫ˵ıƣǸֵСȷʵ̼ܲס˼ƴһٻذ˰׼ң
ô£Ҷɫ˸е¡
Ӧ֪СΪռŮβ顣ĿǰҽͲ˵Ĺϵչ˵ĹϵӺϲǸŮ
ʵ˵ֵСӣ֪һԼ̫үռײ˵׼ŻռңͼᵶᰮռŮ
ҿòͷˣҶԣŭֹ
ۿһȵҶ껻ðɣзǳҶ껵飬̾˿ˣҸոջӵϢ⽫˴֮׵ĺɵ˺ӣֵСӣµһŭΪգǰ˷ʩ
ҿǷô򵥡
ݵŭҶ껱侲о˸²ֹô򵥡ǲҪԸҶӡ
Ŷ
ԣ΢΢һƺҶ껻ָʵ˼±ĳЩ˵ӰӣìͷҪָ㣿
š
Ҷ껵˵ͷܹһڵλãҶҵĴ֧⣬ӹɡ
ô죿
Ϊ֪ѾҶְìˣǣŶԹһĶԹⲻóüͷҲŨء
Ƿĸ̫̫ˣ񣬼ȻˣôһᾡȥֲĹУһҲϧ
Ҷ껴ʣ쳣ӽҲһί٣ڻľ

ܵҶ껵ľģжʱ˾ξˡ
Ϊ
Ҷ仰ζʲô




127 Ϸʼ
ռ̫ܰүְ綩顣
Ϣڶ̶ʱﴫϻģ˲Сĺ䶯
ԭռҵӰҲֻǳޣְʵ̫ˣԲӵ˴Ӱ
Ů档
ʿ֪ϢеĿ
ǿպԶΪ棬ܰһƯܸɵӼ޸ְ磬ֱǰܰƣеϧ
һ棬ܰڣΪռҸһ¥޴ס꣬ܰڽ̽ı֤һ㡣
һ棬ְŮ˲Ҵ඼δ꣬ΪҪƾ̫үĹ⻷Ǯ֮⣬ʱõֶκܲʣ׼ȷ˵Ǻ޳ܡвδŮΪ޷߳Ӱѡɱ
һ£պԶܰ޸ְ磬ܰ³֪
ְܰ綩Ϣٴͬʱϻ̽͵һЩͷͳͳյռҺְǰȥμӶʽ
鵱ʱĴԺ㱻ó˶ʽֳ
ſ֧һ޴ţźһӭλǰμְܰСĶʽ
ԺŲʴſڵĿյɫĵ̺յһʱ̨̨һӣȫϲĺɫ
յܻص䱸˵ƹ⡢ʩְİţһ֧Ȧֶ֪Ӻͼһǰ֮⣬ҲȫǴõĹ˾ƸģʳˮǴӸؿ˹ġ
˵׼ȫﵽۻҪ
٣үȥһˡ
ʱ򣬾͵ְعۿֳõʱһԱ첽ߵԣϹ㱨
š
ְ籾ڻҶŰһĻȻµĻ㱨Ȼãת׿Ժյλǿʵ˵ҪֲҶȻҪֺú顣
壬ң
ܿ죬ְһ䷿䣬ǹسʵ
磬ҸյһϢ˵ǰûнҶĵӣ᲻Ūˣ
鿪żɽʵһϲһǰ׼һȫλĺ
ҶǰŵӵĻɱҲɱˡ
ϾֻѧЩ󣬶۰ŵʵϺŸ壬ο鱳ֲܲ
壬ȷʵǸõǰŵġơְһȻصҲǸ鲢ǰŵˣͨѧġơ
Ĭƺڿְ˵Ŀԡ
壬ʵعǵġ
ְ״ںһ룬ݲ򵥣ȥܰβҲռµְ̺ɣ
ǵҲǡ˼ص˵ͷ
Ϊǿߣձ鲻Ըͬʿ򽻵˵ʿҲ˾ͽѾ˼޷ǿߵԭ
ҶӵնɱѧʵȫѧݡҶѧţǸѧɡҺʵĶ󣬲˷ʱȥܰβҪռҵҵְˡ
ҽİţǸ֪϶ᱻŭʱֻҪҳ֣ͳַϵĹһһҺİŮ˶飡
ۿͬԼĹ۵㣬ְ翪ʼ˽ĳЦǽһ⡣
Ĭص˵ͷˡɡżϵҶĹһֻҪף

СʱϦɽͷƻ١
ռ2ű
սռ2űŴſڣЩסʵ㣬ҶӦΪϵ׼ȥ˰ɣҪô
ôҲ֪϶ܹǸı⡣
ܰһŵǷԴ֪Ҷͽܣǿߵݺ;ĹͣվȨЩжҪӡ
ˡ
ܰĻո£㴫ɲ
ͻɲܰս۽ʶΪҶˣԼͬشɳſڡ
ĸԥһ£Ҳܰս۶߳
һ̡
˵עУպԶ˴ӱγ߳
ʲô
ΪպԶܰ룬ҶΪս۶պԶռʧ͸ۿպԶʱ¶˵ֿ
ܰҧ촽ûп
֣֪΢ᣬܰϾҵŮ
ۿպԶ߽ĸҧҧӭϣӣ۵ϵܰҸҿܹؿһ¡
ŮҲռҵһԱһ𣬾עҪΪռҷףĸĿ룬պԶڣһͷ㲻ЩͲҪϹˣһߴȥ
ô˵أ
ۿڱһţƺĿǽѵԼĸףս۵ŭˣܰҲŭĿ
սۣӦְܹ㣬ͲǱôˣҪȥүǱ
µؿսۣǸоУս۾һֻ֪ǵİܼӣ˵ʸûС
ˣ
ۿԽ˵ԽպԶϣһӹɵĿǶܰܰռƻ˵㽫ְ綩顣ʱǰ֤ǵĶʽΪ˱ʾԿǵأǱǰϵطʰһ£ھߣױʦЬӺЩͲùˣѾ׼ˡ
үүĻ湻ϸģҶڶʽԵø޵ݰɣ
ܰŭֹȴ¶˳Цݣ˵ְǸͼֻǰô

Ϊܰ˵ֱ̫ˣպԶûп
ҶΪռ̫飬˵ûҶռҸܳȽϵһҵΣѾôˣǶ𱨣
˵䣬ܰĽܿƵزţԵЩ̫ˣ̫ˣǻڵģ
ܰµûκλأϣΪҿǡպԶ΢΢üͷһ
ǷģһԸǰȥ⽫Ϊһ飡ܰһһһҪǺڵӣ
£ܰպԶػһȻS600
ܰǷݾȻĸȻ¡
֪˵պԶҪܰ޸ְʱܰպԶһ˿⣬ռиͲĻôһܰһ˿նϣ
պԶӽ󣬾ҵռҼҲϡͥսⱲıսɨպԶһۣܰĲ
һЦݣƺս۵ĻʮֿЦ
պԶȻһ飬ԣͬ⽫ܰ޸ְһܰлȡĳ룡
㣬ĲҶ𣿡
սܰ˫۷죬̲סʵ
ûлشܰĬĬȻóֻͨҶĵ绰
ҸǰȥֳҴӦˡ
绰ͨܰˮӣΪ˻ر֮Ϊһ飡Բ𣡡
ûϵ⡣
绰ͷҶԣܹܵܰǷʹ࣬ȻպԶľŭֹᡣ
ҶĻܰˮǶߵһ㣬ͣû˵ʲôǹҵ绰
ཡཡ
ͲдæҶ΢΢۾˸ŷŭĻ档
ǰԼ˵պԶϺʵúܣԶеĸʵ
ͬʱһԵĳҶı仯뵽ղͨݣЦֹ룬ڵıһǳʣ
ڹȥҶ۵
õģְǸС˵Ҫ㣬ֻҪ㲻ӦòռѾͷʲô
Ըеĺ촽ɱէ֣ĵԽߣˤԽңȱQһᣬϷŸոտʼ


128 جΣ
ҹĻٺһߵĽγȺִſڡ
ſڣŴʱСԸеģǳ䵱ӭÿп˵ͣʱǻͳһϹӭǰ׻һƬǱֱȣòˡ
ͬʱ𰲱ԱǵһʱǰϹʺãȻӹ˵ȷ󣬲ŷÿǽ롣
ʱţӦǰĿԽԽ࣬ͣﳵΪ۹͵ȫһЩͳչ
ǰĿյϵƻ̨ͨĳֶ֧֪ĸǴͳһķΣվһţÿп˾ٱʾʱǱŲͳǰΪƣƵĲΪʳ
ǶźƱȺһ𣬵̸ʲô
ǶԣĿĵΪ˼ְ֤ܰĶ飬Ϊ˽ᡢԼȦ飬ͬʱչͨǢ̸ٳĳ⡣
պԶȻŹѵ罻ᣬΪ֮һŷ˷ĳ֪Ĳ÷װžƱϵشȺ֮С
պԶڶԣ̽һӣӦֳϣռҵĺ飬кʾѺãְǱĿˣض̸ཻ䣬ҽ̬ŵúܵͣЩΪռּպԶҲȽϿ
֮⣬ЩպԶŮ桯ΪܲݵĿˣûнеĲݱϣǺһһõЦݣϲ
һУպԶЦ춼ϲ£ˣиԼȷľܰ޸ְ硣
ϾǰһУҶ޷ģ
Ϊ̫үְպԶͬոһӦǰμӶʽĿ˱ɶ˻һӿ°ؽΧм䣬Ϊ˽֮ǣ
һλһλ˵ֺãְϹǷ̫ү԰ЦݣδϣһֱضŻڴ
ڵȣҶǵĵ
ߵʱְҶδЩʧȥˣƱݸߣȻӹߵ˲͡
һУ첽պԶ
Ǹλ¸̸һģףҽÿġ
պԶˡ۹·˷ı£ְæٱߵĿǸ
ЩҲ˾պԶôһ˵һְȷʵڳ׷ʶȤضžƱ뿪պԶְӭȥ
٣ôˣ
ְܰ鼴ΪʵպԶְǰǽ̬ŵͣȻš١ƺ
㲻˵Ǹ϶ôôڻû
ְüʵԣܰռְֹ֮Ҷ껶ƽ֮⣬Ϊ˱Ҷġһ֮𡯣ֲҶ
ĿǰҶȻδЩơ
٣ʱȷʵ˵Ҫ
պԶصΪʲôڻûӦǱŵˣ֮ǰֻǳѿ֮
취ְ֣ü
պԶһֻ۵ΪְҶǰΪ˵ڴְ˵鲢ô򵥡
ҵļƻĽգʲô취Ǹְ֣ڵر¶նɱҶľġ
ԭˡպԶһȻҶأѾݲôˣֻõ٣ûϵʽܰǱС
Ŷ
ְԣоһ뵽ʲô⣬Цŷػ
ܿ죬ְһһ䷿ſڡ
ﱻó˻ױңϸ۵ĶʦΪܰ鱦Ρ
ƹ£ܰûһ㼴ϲãһ˪Ƿݱλʦľĸо
ǵǿűսһԻʱָоŨ
֨
ŵһβְڷſڡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ܰս۽˺ױʦͳͳĿͶְ硣
УܰͨӿģĿĮûκθɫʣսһŭ⣬λױʦЩš
ʽϾҪʼˣôûаܰС㻯ŪãǶǸʲôԵģԭְΪܰһ׼ܰ鱦ζûѵ

ױʦսĺְ磬ͼʲô
ȹȥ
ְҺܰС̸껰ٽܰ鱦Ρڶʽʼǰ겻ɣǸŻϸۣ
ǡǣ
ױʦŵɫףȴŰӣһҡε뿪ױҡ
ۣ㲻Ҫôĵ⣬֮ȫһᡣ
ױʦ뿪ְսһؿԼһ䣬һЦݵȥˡӽǾһˡԺʲôҪҿڡŶˣҼǵϲ쭳͹򣬻ͷ˸ŪӵٸһʦΪͽ
ϡսְĻ
ְɫһ䣬ûз𣬶Ǿֱߵܰԣžɵ֮ܰһ˿аĹâЦ֪ܰںܷҡо仰˵úãģһĸԸһġ
ܰޱ飬ƺְĻ˿
֪㻹ڵǸҶģʵ㣬ڶû֣Ҳ˵ѹͲҲƺϵܰķӦְ粢δǹ̼
ò˵ְŪһ׵ģһ̼ܰɫʱˣŭӿӡ
ܰΪƭ㣬㲻绰Ҳְһм̼
֮ͬⶩʽھУΪ֪ҵһˡ˵Ϊ¼̤еĽΪպԶ
ܰһϷŰĿ⿴ְ磬ڿһС󣬡ģҵ˲˺ڣ
ûҶԻģսǷŭؿڸ͡

ĵĻְЦЦһ㣬̲סЦЦ㶼ˡ
顪
Ժ󣬲ְֹͣЦױҵű졣

ְЦݣһ䡣
֡٣Ǹһˣ
ְ£űƿһĳԱſڣŵػ㱨
˵Ҷˣ
ְ粻ܰĻЦΪҶ˵Ҷˣ¼ѡ
ǵģ
ããã˾ͺãõµȷϣְǴ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܲѡ
ұ֤ΪجΣ
֪ҶˣܰৡһվһֿСĿ⿴ְ硣
Ȼģôǲһȥ׻Ϊ˭جΣ
ܰĻְһЦ⣬Ȼһƣ߰ɣװδޣ
£ְȳȥǸо·ѾȲҪҶң
һٶ
ԣ



129 б
ҹɫīɫ续
ſڣǱڰѾƽ̸ͻȻһƵƹԶһֱӳŻʻʱ׷ֹͣ˽̸ĿͶϾӿֳɻı顣
ƺ뿴˭ôųȻֱӽ
أڿǵעУҶʻµA6L˻յǰĵ·ϣɲ١
ţ
ۿͣ£ǽƹؿһ۵İµA6LҲûйţա
֣ǼԿ϶˲ʲô
жϹеɻŨȻԷʲôΪθҰѳ
һ⡣
պԶ
һ۱ϳµA6LܰصΪҶר
Ϊˣھľɹ뵽֮ǰְ˵һУʶΪҶϻͷϰë
һ̡
պԶЩעӵĿУҶȴ򿪳ţ
ܰ˽ҽҶɣ
ûܰĲκõġ
˵ռҾ˺μҵͽһ˱һڹ̣̺ŽϹ˾θܾһְ
ˣСϢ˵ܰĿǰ̸Ϊ˰սְ緢˳ͻ
˵ְܰ飬пбɷ棬Ȼ
˵һߣʵף׵İɡ
٣ĳ棬Һֱ

Ҷ³˵ֳﲻЩռҵĺҶЩͬ飬֮ͬҲΪҶ̫³ç޴ˡ
Щְ̽ưӶҶָơҲְ֪ҪҶļƻһһֿ˵Ŀ⿴Ҷ
ڵƹ̫۵Եʣ˲ûзֳĴڡ
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˿ûжþպԶֻ֣Ƕõ
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ȫЩռҺ顢Ȩưǣ׷ְ磬аԼ
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ۿְһһһжԼͬӿһ𰸣Ȼܵĳٻһ㣬׷׽ĿͶҶ鲻һ
УЩռҺͽȨʿ֮ж¶˼־ηȻûпҶɱְģǶְ״
Щưǣһľֲ
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ߣҶŹǣǻȥҲ޷⽻
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Щưǣһŵòҿ˵ۿûС
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135 ΣΪʱ
ۿպԶ¶˰ûڵı飬ܰûĬشսߵһԡ
ƺַʽᶨ̬ȣպԶޡ
ͬʱռҺ޷Ҷ¶һû˶Ｗǿ첽ߵܰԣһ΢Цܰףء
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ӣھƵʱһҪǰ
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ϴʹΪԼ˴
ѵ㻹𣿾Сйϵܺϻɱ֮𲻹죬СƽϢŭ𣿡
պԶһɸֵı飬㻹ӣ͸ҹռңһֹɷҲ㣡

պԶĻͷ·һˮͷϣֱӽķŭͲʣԭŭ˲ɷһƬ
ǸպԶ˵û
һӣˣԲưոݡ
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ͨ
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УҶĻħһϻص




136 лл㣬ҵػ
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ĸ֪ܰϲҶһֱ֪Ҷ̬ȣҶܰѣסˡ
裬˵ûһһĽҪ˵ҺҽҲս۵
СĸûĻ˵㲻Ҫ֡ս۽ҶĸӾлعһϲ⡣
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裬Ҫǽȥ˵ɣۿĸͣܰһЦסĸĸ첲ֻҪԸ⣬˵һҹС
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ռ2űĻЦﲻͬռ1űһĸоڣЩռұֻؿǱһɽѹƵģΪѹ֡
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֣ڵյļͥ˵ѵͲı𣿡ٿɬһЦֻǰ׹εˣҶҶ껵ĶӣȲ˵ġ

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šٽҿյףҶ껵˽ӡ
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139 ˵ǰ
ҹʱλ̨ɽׯȴǰ㰲
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£岻ػҶ˵绰
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140 󣬰벽
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ȻǶͨ˶ԡ
ΪԲߵҶԶˣգۼӦ˷Ĺߣ΢΢ŤͷһܰԼĸ첲ϣ§ԼĲӣһȺѹԼϣͬɵСèһԼĻС
ڰУܰĺΪȣ˯ṳ́ʵ
ܰȵĺܵܰǰֻСõѹȺ͹⻬ļҶķ
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ٴγžʧܣҶû٣ǴһԼڵĹ

뵽ҶȭȻӳٶȿ磬ȫˮͰֵĴ
顪
촫Ҷȭͷ̺ľɽ緢һ㣬˲䱬ȫ֮Уըһ㣬žϡ
ɶʱһȭͷĺڶľм裬һԺڶΧӣ·һ㣬顣
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Ӻࡢɷһ죬Ȼ棬ΧСҵһƬ˵ҳһӡ
һĻҶ̾İԵڵľδȫתΪһȭǰˡ
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ʹ֮࣬ܰŮ˵һεĺõ壬Ҳ˴ϵĺɫ۹ɻʵ
ġҶЦ˵

ܰԣŴͣôô۹ѡѵΪǸֲ
ǣκ˵ﶼ۹ȶԣ߱ͨһЩʸһЩ
Ҷҡҡͷ͵µʱһĹĲʣҽڡҲ˵Ҳˣʵ

ܰԣѧͷ·һʱҶô˵סˡ
ý֪Ķˡ
ܰδʶ⽫ĺô뵽սһ˼Ҷѧ䣬̲סȤ
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ܰһŵʣô֪ģ
е̫ˡҶ͵
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ˣʦȥȥôҶܰһΣ⡣
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ܰӦһ䣬˲ڱУҿҶһۡ
Ҷ״֪ܰƤЦõ뿪ңȴǰ룺ʦȥѵΪϼһ鵽ҸĸϢ


141 컯Ū
ɽׯ
Ǻϸеĸ
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װɾװ
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ͨһУһЩҿյ׵ҽһ˳Զٷ
˳Էһ𣿡ҶЩɻ
һͬҶ껳ԷЦպԶʱı⣬գҶ껳ˡ

Ҷֻ֪ļƻպԶʱı⣬Ȼְ̼磬֮֮ԭնɱְ磬ھϸڲʱôһ˵һ
˵Ҷ껹ϵУ㲻˰ɣҶ뵽ռ1űպԶ˵̸̲סʵ
ͷ
ŭصҶһۣ͵ϵǲôࡣ֮Գ棬һΪԼһ˳ˮ顣
ʲô˼
Ӧ˵ҶϽԼϽţְΪ̫ү߽ӶڣѾҶ껵ļɻ䡣
治ɫĲѵңְѾͷ飬밵пռңռҸҶڽִΪҶ껵һ£ҶȻҪЩʲô
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ҶδɳĻһϵǶԵģ̶ܴΪԼܹǰңӦл
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Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳˶Ŀûпʡ1յĴµA6Lǿһ۵ء
Ϧ͸˳˿ؿһ˷粻Ҷ껣Ϻ¶һֽŵ
һĻǱЩп»ᾪһ飡
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142 ڴ
ͺϲһû˿⡣
ͬǣ˿ڼʱڿ˷ŵ߽ŵڲأ̹ȻһУ󲿷Ϊ޷չֳԼһ档
ΪһǿߺҶҵӰߣҶǰߡ
ִɽׯ16űʱҲҲţ෴ͬһһŭ
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Ӻ󣬵Ҷͣ³ʱ򣬺ȻҶվſڵȴĵ
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š
Ҷ˵ͷʶΪҶ껶̫ɺˣŻ¶쳣
ҶʡӭٺᡣҶٶ룬ԺӭҶ껣װ׵
С̫ῪЦˣɽׯıǺĻǻľûνĺլˡȳԣҶ껵ݼΪ棬Ҷκè塣
ҶʡϲǾ͸ɡЦЦȻһ࣬ܵСλҸҶ塣
Ҷ壬ллİҶһҶл
ҺСѣС̼ȻˣȻҪġοû飬Ҳʲô
Ҷоֹͷ·һεУһҶ껵࣬ʹѣҲЩӲҶ̧ͷܿεЦˣûǴĻǼ档
ǵģٿʡʻ飬ҲμӻˡҶδҶǶݵʧ̬ǵ˵ͷ
߰ɣǽȥġ
Ҷٴʧ̬˵Ľ̸
á
Ҷ껵˵ͷڳʾȲ
ѵȺʱӶ˼Ҷ˽ţæոõĲ˵輸ϣӼѵ룬ӿ˳˵ٶȡ
һĻҶ̲סЦСԽԽˣ˾Ҳרõġ
Ϊ֪ҶֿЦķʽƽ飬ЦЦûлش
һĻҶУҶýҶ껲ǰ㲻ŭǺظһƽ׽˵ĸо
С˵ְ̺СΪ˳ͷռЩǣҪ̺չ
ɳϣҶŶȣ˿ڸõ裬ʵ̣С̴⣿
ûСҶҡҡͷûѧ̣̺ŽϹ˾ְʡ
ŶҶԣ̲סһЦѿʵ׼ʲô
Ҳ֪ԼҪʲô
ͻȻҶôһʣҶʱЩãã֮࣬Цҡҡͷ
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ȥ
ĻҶ껵üͷһüĿ֮¶ֵǣ˵ʲô⿴Ŀ⣬ֽߵĻʻضӡ
Ҷһȵųܰȥ
ǰ
治ɫռڽϸٹ̣ϵҶ忴ҵҲչˡһѾͷڽϣ̫ĳɳǻĵĶ飬ȫҵӢ̨㣬ԺܺõĥԱ̵ʱڳɳ
ҲҪȥ
ҶʣղѾӵظ߳ܰ˹ϵӦܰĲ鳹׸ˣһҲˣչӦȥϼһš
ⲻϻ㲻ȥѵҪҶ˼ȴûн͡

ҶԶԣͬʱҲ֮ǰ˵ϼһȥѰҩˣһʱҲز̹Ȼؽš
λá
ͬʱһӶߵǰҶҶ껾ϹʺãȻֳʵС㣬ѾˣҪںλ𣿡
Ǳ߳Աİɣûлش𣬳̧ͷҶ껡
á
ΪղŵĻҶЩ񣬴ʱòͣ»عЦŵ˵ͷ
ǵصĻĲˣǼƵǰ㾡ɽ亣ζ෴ȫǼҳˣʮֿɿڡ
֮ǰȳͬòڼ䣬Ҷ¶ţûҶ껳䵱ǣԼ⣬̸һЩ޹ʹ顣
СٷϳԵһˣлд
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ҶʡϲԵĻóҲǻˡЦſ˸Ц
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á
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СͷЩҪҪһҶӦҶһϲȴûбϣֻԵǡ
Ҫپۡ˵ţҶҶͳ
ʦ㣬ܾҶҵһμʱЩͬĿҶ뿪Ҷ̲ס˵Լĸܡ
ôһˣһɫʡ
ô˵أһθ棬ҵĸоǲŭǹλߺǿߵϢη
Ҷ˼˵ȴһƽ׽˵ĸоɣܾƺ顣
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СƨնʦԿ
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á
ҶͷӦͬʱԼӦ˾ͽˮҪȥθܰһͬȥҲʵ˶˾ͽˮĳŵ
СʱҶ뿪ɽׯԭ·ؾϪõ԰
ˡˡ
ҶǰŸߣֻ
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144 ᣬί
һԣСģᶼвţҴֹһΣĿΪ˲ҽĿеȱݣڸӶȷᾫʡ
Ϊ֪ѧѧÿ峡ۺӭͿߣӭָʤһ
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145 Ű
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146 ֲ
һֱҶϲв
֮ǰŽξвҶһΡ
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ۿóֻ¼Ҷͣǳ˾ͽˮһȳȺȥ

ĿҶȥıӰŽκĵһֻԼڹŹϻһȦƵģȫһֽٺĸо⡣
˾˾ͽˮ˭
ļ״ȫƣǿӣ˫ͨ죬沿Ťһ蹷һ˾ͽˮֹңң
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ǻعͷĬؿһۣģҹ·߶ܻײġ


154 ЧӦ

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һ棬ͬҶ²һﵽ˺ԲʵЩӵܡ߸ӵܶҲЩɵɵͻʱԴ
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ĺȻ䣬ĵĶϻصһ仰
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һӱŽһǰϴֺģȻŽαһƳɣŵһ飬һͷܡ
ͬʱŽһһڵϣ鴤ֹ
вԱУŽҲн죿
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Сģˮûа벽߰˾ͽһɶͷԵı顣
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˾ͽԣûһǶﶼûа벽֡ѡѵ常ˮһֵڣ
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ۿ׺ҪҶ˾ͽһһһΪҲΥĳŵܶ𱨣




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Ϊ׻֯ˣ׺ס붫ЩһλڶίԺһг⡢԰ܸߡ
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Ҹ㣬Ҳɱ㣬ȡ˾ͽΪ޵ĵ̸𣿡ͻȻЦˣûٸ˾ͽ˷ѿֱ࣬⡣

˾ͽԣһȻǿһˣ㡭˵ȡ˾ͽΪ޵̸
ˣһΪ벽ǿߣһȻ
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˾ͽ챻סˣȻ˵Ļʵ̫еһ˿ǸԷĵҹǱЦ


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161 ɽ¥
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163 ڳ
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Ҷԣ룬δԼĲɺ͵ǣתƻһҸȥʦԷȥ𣿡
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ռƽףŵķڷһ滨ľԲλſΪϢżɳͲ輸һЩ辰
ĺڣܹʮһˣ˾ͽ·λáΪԲǿߵȻֻ˾ͽڣȴ˾ͽ֮⣬ߵˣ
˾ͽλ·ǶｭƶȻΪǰָѹԵʣڶĵλһٽҲǲϼСʸϣϵ
ڵڶһ۾ߣһƵƷһ飬һŵϢ
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ӰǶ˾ͽͷĵĴڣ͹ϵǽ˾ͽĴڣ˵Ƕϵţ
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սҰҪ𶫺İ׵ҵԼｫĻɫϴףǶĴܼҡ
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ڻǰ˾ͽؿһǸŵλȻ΢΢ǰ㣬˫ڻϣĿδɨѾȥڹȥһᷢ˺ܶ飬ҲһЩ⣬콫ټ￪ᣬҪΪֽ
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ۿԼһ³ΪҵĽ㣬û˿ţһеؽĿδ˾ͽĺЩԪɨ
ͬ߸顣
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ҲĽ𣿡˾ͽԣĿͶˡ
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ڵڶ顣˾ͽСȥˮˮٳֵʱ˾ͽǵӪȣֹСӪˮСű룬ºΪ˱ҳͷԲУŪ˵ļ󣡡
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ϴǲҵѵ͸ҵ׺ôҪ֪׺׻֯ˣ顣
ǰҲʧȥ׺ıӻ޷ֿ֣׺ҪǣǽǵجΣ˸͡
Щң
Ȼ֪˽Ϊ˷˾ͽЩŭˣĿ絶һ㶢ſڵˣһһ׺ʦʦʦͬţҵͬʦ֣Ȼ֪Ƕڣ
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ĵĻ䣬һ촫ҵűһ߿
ৣ
˾ͽˣԼͬؽĿͶſڡ
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˵עУ˾ͽһЦ߽˻ҡ


164 ǣ
ৣ
˾ͽĵԭֵĻ˲䰲˾ͽĺɫʱһ䣡
Ϊ׵Ԫǰ˿֪˾ͽؼʱ̳֣ĸҸ˾ͽа壿
ߵƺѶ̲סЦ
ģȺ˸Ӹ˾ͽС췴
ߵϵЦݣȻ͵վȵҿ趼òͷǰɣ
ɤŴǰɣ˾ͽŤͷضͷ·ڿһˡ

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κζ˾ͽǯһ㿨סĲӣСһ㣬һ½ᵽ˿У

ӱͨ죬ͼȴȫһ㣬á

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ҵĺ常в𣿡˾ͽЦҺ°
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һΣ˾ͽû˵ʲôֻһЦ˾ͽܽ߸Ҷ
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ٴ˾ͽĻ˾ͽɫȻһ䣺ŵҲ

˾ͽһĿǵûкŵĸָҵܣôҶأҿɴ򲻹
㡭룡˾ͽŭֹ
˾ͽëѡܾ
˾ͽȫ˾ͽŭ⣬ЦߵǰһŲڷĵϣұ֤ĵԴһҲȱ


165 Ͷ̥ˣ
㡭
˾ͽ״ʶָ˾ͽ죬ͼֹǸ˾ͽ˵Ҷƭ˾ͽԻȱĵԴ
˾ͽëҪҵĻ˵˾ͽ첽ơ
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һĻ˾ͽ˫ͨ죬沿ȫŤ˫ȭһһҪ˾ͽƴļơ
˾ͽë˶˵屡죬ǹضүΪһˣȴؿ׷ֵȥʵ̫Բ屡ĸˣ˾ͽٴοڣ˾ͽѡ
ûлش˾ͽıʹԸ⿴Ϊ˾ͽĴݲȥҲԸΥĽҶƭҶΪ˾ͽߵĶ
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⿴˾ͽǸʹģ絶ض˾ͽ˻
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˾ͽõһû뵽˾ͽȻΪһԣҶҳϡ
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Ը˾ͽ첻ٷϻֱӹҶ˵绰䶢˾ͽ˾ͽëҾͲԸΪһƨԣԸŮȥ
ˮϣ
˾ͽıһαˣԴ˾ͽˮĸ˾ͽˮͷ⡢бԸ˾ͽˮһί
ˣҲΪ˾ͽںΪĻ˾ͽϾϵ˾ͽϳ
ԼѡǸƨԡ˾ͽʣȴڼӵظ˴𰸡
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Ȼ㲻ţֻõ棬Ů·ˡ˾ͽЦڻΪ׵λϡ
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ણણ
Ӻ󣬻ͻȻĽŲ
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ৣ
ŷ뾲ĵ˾ͽڣ˶鲻ԽؽĿͶ˷뾲
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׻˵վ飬ȻʼհȥӣԷ뾲ٻЩġ
ղţ֪˾ͽˮ˾ͽк뾲Ҳʱ뾲ٻЩ޷ܡ

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һĻ˾ͽ쵹Ҳûֻǿ˾ͽһһ
ܿ죬˾ͽ˾ͽˮߵǽǣ˾ͽˮ£ǰɿزͨҶĵ绰
С˾ͽǴͨŷˮ˵ͼҽɽׯ߸㣬ǧܹ绰ͨ˾ͽɿ˵

˾ͽ첪Ȼŭŭ˾ͽԭΪ˾ͽΪ˾ͽˮҶƭɽׯѹû뵽˾ͽȻǽ֪ҶĻ
С뽫Һˮĸߡ
˵ţ˵ţ˾ͽȻֹ˾ͽһǱֳ˳ȥѪ硣
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˾ͽһѽס˾ͽֻвסֻСʱֻһ
˾ͽ죬һڰСʱ֮ڸϵɽׯ
˾ͽвҶһɱػصڿʼٸһָͷⱲӺͶ̥ˣ




166 ɽ

Ҷв˾ͽЦһ㣬޼ɵشЦÿ㣬ڲ򣡡
£˾ͽ첻ٷϻֱӹҶ˵绰
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˾ͽɫ԰ף̧֣ȥ˾ͽˮϵ飬Ŭؼһ˿Цݵˮޡ
ְ֣㲻µģӦҪˮһһģ˾ͽˮ޵øˣŬزȥ˾ͽǵѪõٶԶԶȲ˾ͽѪٶȡ
ԡԲˮҲһְİְ֡
˾ͽ˵ţٴ³һѪˮŲ԰׵Ͻӿֳ˼Ѫɫ
عⷵգ
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˾ͽ죬ɱˮ޷õҵȫƲ˾ͽӣһ侲ؿ˾ͽ죬ˮΨһļ̳ˣ
٣ԭ׼һ㣬ԲŸҴ绰Ǹͨ籨Ű
˾ͽԣһģҲɱһ͸ģⱲȥĵţ
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Ϊ֪ԼŮΪɹظ֪ҶĻ

˾ͽ˾ͽˮȥͬʱҶתͷһ߼ʻһóֻͨĵ绰
ҹȥˣ绰ͨҶͳ˵
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Ѵִܰ˲׼ˣӵҶĵ绰Ҷеĵͳɫһ䡣
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ҶҶǱϲıƵģҪ常أȻһ߸㣡
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˵ˣҶش˾ͽĻ

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׺Ļ׺ǹ޷ǿϢҶֻǲҪְȨΥִһߣС
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׺ЦһֱҶֱ̣·


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һеͬʱݸ׻֯ԱûԼ̫Уıʽɡ׻ȭɱȴˣ

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顪
촫Ҷȭݸ׻֯ԱץĴ֣˲ŷ˳һ㣬ŶԷϯ
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׺ĳһӰƴ룬˲佫ײ÷飬һأһ졣
ৣ
촫׺ڣ鲻ԽŤͷˡ
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ǿҶǹ°Ӱ
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ǸܵҶǹǲɭϢ
ٸһָͷţ
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Ҷ껵ͳӹɵĻҶŭ׺ʶɿҶ
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׺һʣ׻֯ĳԱҶʱҲǾ͹죬һı顣
Ϊ׻֯Աǣ֪Ҷһսһȡ֮ѧĴ棬Ҳ֪ҶǻĵһżҶҵӰߣ
ǻ֪λǵһĤݵĻĵһǿߡסĵҪҶΪͽҶΪ˺ɫ;ԾܾѧȻ󲨣
Ϊ֪һУǲžѧͻĹٳ˲֪˲ҶͻȻʵ̫˼
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á
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ҶһµͬʱҶٴߵ˾ͽˮԡ
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һеͬʱҶ룬δż޸˾ͽˮ
֪꣩ƵĲ֢ҽͨ죬ҲСĶܳκβ
ΪҪǣ޸񼫶
ղţҶ̺񹥻ĴҶûбأĪ޸ƺǿˡ
еʮɻҪԼ׻ָٳ־˾ͽˮ
ˮģһκ㡣
Ҷһѽ˾ͽˮڻУ˵ţļᶨ

ҶᶨĻԭ㱵׺ħһ㣬ԼͬؽĿͶҶ
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ΪԶͨǿֻҪ̫أһ㶼ͨҩڤ𽥻ָ
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һҶΪ˾ͽˮ޸Ĺг⣬ĻĻǻѶʮ겼µֽʧܸգҶѧ֮·ҲӴֹǰˣ
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ԭҶҶĻ󣬴лع񣬵ҶûóκҩֻǴڤ룬ֱһ
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ԼǿʮֹҶٵΪ˾ͽˮ޸ʱֲ




175 ӹϵ¶
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Ժ󣬾͵Ҷ͵Ϊ˾ͽˮ޸ʱ򣬾ͻȻԶ
֣ҶеͷҶ껡һͬĿͶԴȻһȻżɫγХųɽׯʻ
λչصҲˡ
ܿ죬ڳзһ¿S600жţĹٷգü΢΢һ
ȻǹٳˣԻĹٳĸȴΪ˽⣬֪S600ǻĹٳ֮һͬǰ׼Ҽнڰ׹εĸ֡
һٳ֮˶֪һУοҶ껣
ĻҶûпĿS600Ŀ˸Ҳ֪Щʲô
ţ
Ҷ껺ͳı仯ҶͻȻƺûн
ӺҶ˵ĵȴУS600һж1յİµA6L·£ִ16űǰĵ·ϡ
ͣ£һͺȴӹо1յİµA6L£ɨһҶ껣첽S600
ͬʱS600˾ӳзɿ£ţվһԣλͺһͬȴų³
ܿ죬һֻƤЬӳ̽Ҷ˵עУһӷף۾ˣӳ£һʱ佫ĿͶҶ껡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ껵ĿڿһεĻ𻨡
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ղҽӵ׻֯ϳϵĻ֪﷢顣
Ҷ껵֣ǸΪҵĹûɺãҶʡУĳֱǸҶʡ
ˣвеϦЩ޷ԤϵġҶ껵
Ҷʡû˰ɣⲻɫس֣ĵʵ
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á
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ԣ۾΢΢һУЦøշһǾͶлҶʡˡ
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̼䣬зֱ´Ⱥľ졢侯ͰȫԱһʱ䰴ǰƶķֹɸԷڵ̾Ȼ·
ܿ죬Ϊ׵İԪϺͷ뾲ԼſЩҶֽŵĶշֲʿ׷ױ̧˾Ȼ˾ͽ˵ʬ屻̧˳ڵ·Ա߰һţðײš
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ͬʱһд£첽ߵǰ⾴ȻҶ껾ҶʡԿʼ˵ˡ
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ǸҶʡйع涨ֻ˵밸Ĳ֣ܲ⡢жϵľͲ˵ˡҶ˵꣬б㲻شҶ껵Ļ
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á
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⣬ҶʡӦҲ֪永ԱҪǰ¼Ͼ顣
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Ȼ֣˹λһ޾ֳ֮⣬ҶڣΧ˵ɫǿ䣡
Уλ˾ֳĿɿڴ֮ǰһֱҶô飬Ϊйܶ²⣬ȴѹûΪҪ永ԱҶȻҶ껵Ķӣ
ǶԣҶ껡ей֮޲
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ţţ鲻Խſ죬ȴʼûкǸİĳƺ
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177 ֮ⲻھ
ҹĻ׽٣ڰȡŴأ̶ľ˶ʣһХʻ˶֡
̫Ƶһ·ϣ·ƵƵĿԲ²⵽׷ʲô󰸣Ȼ˶ľ
ŵӵʱһȺִ˶֣һִͬĻλ˾ֳרжٳţյıS600;ʻίԺ
Σô죿
ͣ£׺׻֯Աӳ£һ̲ס׺ʵ൱š
ţһΪҶ껵ǿƸ޷ĨȥӰһ׻֯Ϸ糤Դǰ鰸
԰꣬Ұš
׺һ˼ֱǸεûô򵥣ԼᵽıζҲѰҵһ
׺Ļ׻֯ԱʶȤر͡
ͬʱһ޾ֳ˾ֳһͬ׺˹
Σ֮ǰǽӵ׻֯Ϸ糤ϵ绰֪˰ɽׯ飬֯Աǰֳ;ٿ˽飬Ҫűưֳ鰸
ܿ죬ߵ׺ǰ޾ֳȿڵҪ԰е飬Աʡ
޾ֵ˼ҪҽܾѶ
׺üͷԴɵĿ⿴޾ֳƺ޾ֳİš
ϾжϣĻ˴ΰӣֳΪؼɫ
οΪ׻֯ԣ׻֯ԱΥ涨ɣҲֲǻ׻֯ڲнá
ȻǣǾûȨ׻֯ĳԱѶ
޾ֳЦЦҵ˼ǣֳֳ˽ģ׻֯˰ԣǽߵĵΪΣ
£޾ֳһĿ⿴׺
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ӭ޾ֳĿ⣬׺϶еĲ²⣬ȴûбֳһ¹̬ȡ
Ҳ˼˾ֳԣʾͬ
ǺãҽһСʱ󣬶Եлܡ޾ֳ˵ͷȻ̧󣬿˿ʱ䣬
׺˶Դ˺飬һͬ˰칫¥
ص칫Һ޾ֳȼһ֧̣ţȴصǰɽׯǰһ
ΪǷ֪鱳صıǶôĿ£
Ϊ֪ıղſ׺һ¹̬ȺЩò׼׺Ҳҳ׵ҶҶҡ
ӱҶٵϵһ˵ܴڽӴԼֱҶ껻ٵ³ɺ޼һӦûħɣ޾ֳӣԼԿǽüͷ΢΢ɿ˴𰸡
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Ӻ𣬽޾ֳʵϨ̵ٶ̻Ҹף
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޾ֳ鷢չزĻһЩèҲ˸˾ŲʮǴ򿪴˵ɡ׺Ϸţֱߵ޾ֳ棬żɽ
޾ֳװɵ㶵Σǣ
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Ҷ껶ҶľСأ׺üƺҪҶء
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Щ뽫Ҷ껱Ƶùǽ׺һ
ԭֻΥѣСӵӳ̶Ҫǽˡ
뵽Ҷ껵ʱĺݻ޾ֳЩתһ룬˺ƤҶ껵ŭҲήٵͷϣȻˡ
٣̫ˣΪ׻֯Ĺ涨ܹƵģ
뵽ԼĵﱻҶһŲȻ٣һȫϣ׺޵ҵҪҶ껵ܲ쵽׻֯
ĿԴɣ޾ֳЦŵΣһɵǱߵİء
ھȥһ׺ЦӦһת߳˰칫ҡ
ͬʱ
λڲ¥һѶѶ¼ľ죬ԼͬС㣬лϡԻȥˣҪĻǻϵ
á
ɫ߳ѶңȾͷһѶҵĵȻţʵı¼ûꣿ
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ԣüͷһûٶ˵ʲô˼мӡ
ȾͷѶҶľһһʮظѶ¼죬Լӵ绰Լϵɽׯ󿴵һУԼ淢һС
ǸҶݷɹ涨ҪΪ˵һиͬʱֻ˵ֳ飬ܽԼܲ⡢жϵĹ۵˵
Ҷϣмһ۾ľѵΪȷ¼ʵԣҪ½龭һ顣
ҸղѾúˡҶüͷǸԷƺڹҲ磬˵ʱ䡣
Ȼı¼мҪʵش𡣡
۾ԣǽӵ˾ͽĵ绰֪˾ͽ˾ͽˮ˱˾ͽ˾ͽܣ˾ͽ˵԰ɣ
ǵġ
ʲô֤֤һУ
ǿԲҺ˾ͽͨ¼
ͨ¼ֻ֤йͨ޷֤ǵͨݡ
˾ͽˮʱֳ֤ҶԿ϶ԷҲˣЩջ
ܱǸҶҽԺ洫Ϣ˾ͽˮܵشˣ൱ڸճĺӣ޷֤˵һС۾
ָ֤ɣҶüͷø
ԣҽԺϣָĿΪ㡣
۾ɫЩڳͨȫΪֲˣҲ޷֤ղ˵һС
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ΡΡ
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۾ĻҶ˵˾ͽˮָδڣϵĶԽ۾һʱԽֹҶŶԽ߳˷䡣
һӺ󣬴۾ľȥ½ѶңɫӵؿҶҶ׻֯İΪӹɱ߲˺ͨˣΥ׻֯Ĺ涨ع涨Ҫƽ׻֯׻֯Ѷ
ʲô
ҶԣȻվ
顪
ͬʱѶҵķűһ߿
㡭ʲô
ΪڵԵʣΪ֪ҶݷͬѰŶ룬ŵòᣬ֮࣬Ϊ۾ľӲͷƤʵ
û۾ľ죬ֱߵҶ档
СµӦҲˣڱʲôҶŭ⣬˫סҶļ̾˿
ҶüΪĶʼҪԼػķɺ׻֯Ĺ涨ⲢԽ˳ŷɡ涨Ĵ
ģȻ㸸˵ˣڰӳ׶֮ǰ˶һͷǾû˸Ҷ㣡
״ǲµҶ˼Ȱ˵ܳ嶯øСıóѲ˵㸸סʱ䣬һĽ

Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬æҪˣԼ
µˣˡҡҡͷĵȴ׻֯ܲĵȽ㡣
ţ
ҶԣһҪԵĲԼҶ껣


178 
賿ʱ֣һྩĿͻƽȵؽڶֶʻŻŵͣƺȥ
ͣƺԶĵطͣԽҰ׺֮ǰǰɽׯĸ£Ⱥ׻֯Ϸ糤ϵ
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ף
׺Ķ׻֯Աʶص˵ͷ³һް㾪֣еֻǼᶨơ
ΪǶ֪׺˵ʵ
ҶһǾѾҶ껡
ͨҶ껵ԭ´Ӷ׻֯ĳͷûκοܣΨһİ취ֻа㱨˵ָ֤Ҷɱ˾ͽ졢棬˺ߵˣǳ֡
һǱ㲻Υ׻֯Ĺ涨һ
ܿ죬׺˵ĵȴУɻƽȵͣͣƺϣŴ򿪡
һĻ׺ĸ³첽ӭȥ
Ϊ׻֯ĳ֮һϷ׻֯ĵλȻܵĴҲǿȷ⽮Ǻգڿս΢Ц뿪»
⣡
Ƹ۵׼ǿϷģ׺ڣ׻֯Աл΢΢Щ
ΪǵļУϷǻޣŻʱ˿ϳնɱ׻֯ԱѾֻ֣
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Щ־壬׺Ҳײ¶κţΪˣϷ´ӷɻµʱ׺˵Ҳ㾪֣ǵһʱӭ
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ϷĿ絶һɨ׺һۣޱΣһֱڳһ㱨
á
׺ͷһǹػӦ׻֯Աǰ˿ǲԻϷ磡
һӺ󣬵ÿδӷɻ£ϻ͵ʱϷ׺ǰ׼jeepԽҰ
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֪Ϸ׺ûûȤ˵׻ǵһʱ佫׼õ㱨ݸϷ硣
ϷޱؽӹһԲؿ׺ԱߣҴһ
һӣӣӡ
ʱţϷüͷ΢΢
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Ϸ翴㱨Ťͷۣض׺һһʣ㱨Ҷ껶˵ܴ˵ȫ෴ȷ㱨ʵ
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㣬Ϊʲô£ûмʱֹ̬󣿡ϷһѪҳ˲ĵط
˵˫ʱɱۣ³ֹЧߣǵ鱨ʾųϻп̤ɾ磬ǻĶ֣ԲŰ֪ͨҡ׺С
˵ǸҶȻ滹Ҫ
ϷأΪ׻֮֯һ֪аͽҲҶǰصҵ׻֯ĻȨߡסáסһ׻֯ԱҶѵһغ׻֯ԱҶѵ
һǲ˰ҶаͽҶͲǼݵˡΪĵһǿߡƿ׻֯ġסҲҪаӣ
ǵģӵвɵʵ׺ѵҶѾ˵Ϸ֤ˡ
Ǹģ
Ϸ粻ɫתƻ⣬ųҶͬһ˵ĿԣϾļУǰͽܻδ̤Բ磬̶֮ڣܳΪǿߣ
ǰĳ׺Щ顣
ȵطǽ¶Ѷ
Ϸ󻰷һתʣ⣬ݸղŵ㱨˵ҴȫˣΪֲˣɽׯļϵͳʱ⣬ûκμؼ¼
ǵģϳϣǶ侯ҽԺļڼؼ¼Ǻŵͬ־ûҵ׺ص
ЩҶ˵ĶԱô˵
ϷʣΪЩԱ㲻ߣѶ˾죬ղ׺㱨ﲢûʾǱߵѶ
ݾǱߴϢǶǶշֲߵĸ¡Ҫڱſڣһ˿ֹҶ껶ҶִҪȺǵֽſϣ׺治ɫ
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ϷٴοѯʣһΣʻʱüͷšһءҶ껾Ҫֵһ㣬ΪҪǣҶ껳ֻ׺ĵΥ׻֯涨
Ҷ껵ִѯʷʲô飬ûüͣӱſڴƻƣҶΪ棬ûҽֻͣҵĵ
׺ٵһ㣬ҵ¶֤ңǶŵùҶ껷Źǣ
ȵط˷ֱε½Ѷʵ㱨ݣҸźʵ׺ĻϷš
ǣϳϣ
Ϸǰ׻֯Աһʱ
~
ۿϷʱԼ˵׺˿ȴףŵĻ㱨԰Ϊ˵һڸղǷ㱨Ļϣܱ¶ʲô
һֻҪܹᶨƵ׼㱨ʵĻĸ²ӱ׻֯ĴһܽҶ
׺ͬʱʻĵһ׷
Ҷ껸ֶվشǰŻֽ̲Ⱥ
ȻСΪؼʱɷȭɱСɷ졯ɱ棬ķչ˰׼ԭƶĹȫԽƾͼƣСߣӪС
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֪
ĻҶûлͷȻŶҹⱩ¶СĹϵʱҾͲµһС
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ԣɫһ䣬ʵ벻ͨȻҶϵķչ켣ΪûвָԤ鳯Ųõķչ
ûȥƻҴǵıֻˣҶҶ껵Ķӣ
Ҷٴοڣȴ쳣ᶨҶݺҲЩ֪үмֻۣ


179 ֣û
ڶ죬ɫδί칫¥ĻƻͨڵĶͷ;侯͹һֻһã֮⻹ϷΪ׵׻֯Ա
Ǹλô罫ټ
ĻΪ׻֯ϵϷ磬ڴ˻İǸ⣬ûκα飬˿ļ£ԭҴ㽫ŵ֮ٿǸңŵҪڶʻٿ޾ֻᣬֻܽǰ
˵Ϸһ£ֵλѾ֪ΪΪڰɽׯĶɱ˰棬ɹ侯͹ͬ־˵֮һ׻֯ԣ˵׻֯ĵλֱ
£Ϸ罫ĿͶ⡣
ͬ־ǣڰɽׯɱһľͲ˵ˡֻ˵㣬һ˴ΰڶǡʮһڼ䣬Ǳ뽫֮ԷҺһڶ˴ΰ永ԱΪߣҪ׻֯ǸЭϣﻹҪǿһ㣬Э顢ĹУǵͬ־ϷϹ棡
˵䣬ĿؿһۣȻΣעû¼棬޾ֳ˵һ¾ĵ
λ쵼ͬ־ǣɽׯɱ˰󣬾200˵һʱǰɽׯ侯ͬ־һͬЯֿ˰ְֳֹ԰˵飬永ԱѶ㱨¡
޾ֳػ㱨һȡ֤Ƕֳȡְ֤ɽׯļϵͳ˹ƻֳûκμ¼
ڶץֵܵλ£ץ永28ˣȫΪԱ18˾ͽһұ˾ԱʵΪ˽˱ڣʮǶԪߵ¡
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֮⣬ǻžʮӽֳ߽ܺѶǵĿڹ֪Ԫ˾ͽ˾ͽֶȨҪڱſվڣֹκ˽ӽһҶ꿳ֽţʧѪԡ
ģڰֳҲ16ű﷢飬޷õκϢ
ϱǶΰĵв֮λ쵼ͬ־ָ
˵䣬޾ֳվϹʾ⣬͵͵һ۹⣬ֹһҵȻ¡
Ϸ΢΢üͷóؾֳܴضԹؼڱտڲ̸׻֯ˡ
޾ֳԣֳ侯˾Ļ㱨ΪԲͬ޾ֳһɽ󶪸׻֯ڱտڶϡЭ
棬㱨׻֯ڰɽׯɱ˰ĵ
ۿ޾ֳ˻㱨ϣϷ粢δֻó׼õ㱨԰˻㱨ȴδἰҶ껻׺һ¡
ϳϣղŵĻ㱨˾ͽĺǱ˾ͽɱҶϵɱ˾ͽ졢棬ڲɱ˺ߵʮͨˣΪֲˣº־ܾ׻֯ץΪ̷Υ׻֯Ĺ涨𣿡Ϸ㱨޾ֳڵ
ǵġϷޱصͷ
Ǹϳϣ֪׻֯׺ץҶĹУҶĸҶ껼ʱϵֹҶ껳ִˣϵһôղĻ㱨ûʾ޾ֳʡ
Ϸԣۣض޾ֳ޾ֳղ˵Ǿ԰ֳһ֪˵Һܺ棬һǵĵ
ǸϳϣҸղ˵λ˵ġ
˭˵ģϷش޾ֳĻ

޾ֳԶԣϷŭ⡢⣬Щ֪ϷȻΪеָ֤ҶͬⶨҶȴԸȥҶ껺Ҷҡ
ڳҲһУ̾ϵͬʱҲòϣĹٳܹ֮׻֯õĿҲֻҶˣ
ͬʱҲ֪ϷҶ껵һ棬ǿǵҶ׻֯ĻȨߡסԨԴ
޾ֳҸڻǰѾ˵ˣǵҪϷϹ棬˵ôõϽңղŵĻ׻֯ͬ־ǲԵģϷ̬ȼȻЩʧȴûбϣǵһʱѵ޾ֳ
ʵڱǸϳϣҸղŲӦô˵ԸΪղŵĻ֯ĳͷ޾ֳæǸ
ҿɴ֯
ϷһŤͷ⣬ʣǣղЩҪдҪ𣿡
Ȼᣬֻ޾ֳ;˵ǵĽЦһףϷȫΪмˡ
ߵӣɫרҪϱϼйزţ׻֯Ҷ
˳뿪ίԺϷ̫Ѩ˼óֻͨҶ껵ĵ绰
ϳϡ
绰ܿͨ绰ͷҶȿڣǰƺѾԤϵ˽
껣ղ׻֯֯ٿˡڰɽׯɱ˰ר顭Ҷת䣬Ϸ̾˿˵
Ȼ
Ϸ˵꣬Ҷ껱ϣû´ĻǶĽҶɱ֡
껣ֳ֤ݺ׻֯׺µָ֤˾ͽȷʵСϷ͵
ҶٴδϷĻһҳϣиǰᡣǱҶҪҶأҶӾɱǣҲûд׻֯Ĺ涨ңҶ׺˵ִ󣬺ȷرʾҪϽǵ飬Ҷӳ֡
껣Ӧ֪ǰӱ뽲֤ݡ˵һҲûáûκ֤ǳҲûκ֤֤ԸϽ׻֯ĵ飡
Ҷ껵ĻϷٴ̾˿껣ȻûгΪʦֵܣҲʶһû㱨ᵽֻ׺һ£һ˽ס㱨ʱ»Ҫ˼ҽ͡⣬Ҳ׺˽Դڡ׻ȭӼΪһ½гͷ
ûлشҶѡ˳Ĭ
껣Ϊ𰸼ԣն׻֯Э̹ᡣڼ䣬Ҷ껽ҵ˸𿴹ܡ
ǾԼѾ御ˣϷѵϣ㲻ҪƾǿоӡǽҶںεľأ
ϳϣԩͷծҲͬǱҲȥͣ
ҶٴοˣͳֻһҪն֮ǰҪҶһͷ
á
ϷܸɴشӦȴף黹û꣡


180 һŭ
ˡˡ
ϷͨҶ껸ҪֻֻһȻҶҼҶĵ绰
Ҷһ˲Ҷ⣬룬˽
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ΪҶҼͻļ֮һζʲô
Ӧ˵ˡҶ֮Ƿ࣬Ҷ껲δţǲ
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СҺϵĶӣҲӡ
ҶԣԺﲻֳҶϵӰʮھΡ
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껣֪ǸϸҲһֱûڣĸҲԶԶСᡣ
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Ϊ֪鲻УҶЩ׼Ҷ껵ĻشȻòᣬôô嶯أѵ㲻֪ĺô
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ٴҶ껵ĻҶֱӾվţ˵ǹģ
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ҶٴοڣնƺһҲΪԼΪڣڹȥʮûоһ׵Σ񣬼ȻˣҲܰί
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Ȼ˵С˹Ʊģ֤ôҶüʵ֪һ㽫
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֪֤ݵĻϷԲðŵԼҶҵķ˽ߣͬ˵ҶȻΪΣʱɷȭɱСɷ졯նɱ棬ƻ˶ԷıƣԷȫºľ潫ƾͼƣˮ©
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꣩δ޷ÿѧͣͬģҽѧ꣩ڲ֢֮ûκҽֶοƣ
Ψһߣ
رصĻͨҩڤָ
˾ͽˮ˶ͨˣ
һҶ˵Ҷҽ֮£Ҷ껶Ҷ޸˾ͽˮҲûбϣ
ңͳһϣҶðԼܴѧ絹˵ķȥ˾ͽˮ޸
û֤ݣ
Ҷ껵ĳĬҶеĵǳֱüͷšһԺδƵֿԣ̲סʵô죿
ҵ֪СҺϵĺӺԣһУܣСܰί
Ҷ껼ӵظ𸴣ͨݺĵֶŪҶӣⲻܣ
껣鷢չزӦܿóĳЩںõĿӣ͵أһȥӰ쵽;ҶɲɹӰ졪ʱǲҪ׻֯ᵼĲȣпʧȥһЩɵ֧֣
Ҷɫʮѿ֪ҶҪҶǿĵ껣Ѿһˣټȥˡ
֣˵ûʮǰѾһˣһΣҲٷͬĴ󣡡£Ҷ̲ס۾ʹ࣬ʮǰҶ̫үȰᰴҶҵԸؼŮһ̤;
㡭ҪΪ˾ҶҺŵѪһҶûڷݴʵ̫ˣ
֣СҶӣԩݺڵϦΪ;ԩ
Ҷ̧ͷȦؿ컨壬Բ𣬰֣Ҷûң˿Сֻһףûĸס

ҶԣĬã̾˿ȻѾҲȰˡȥүүξȳǰǣӽ㽫ʧȥҶҵһ֧֣п˳硣
֣үү˾ȳСĳЩ˸ۡҶԣûһûڣеֻŭ⣬үүӦԳ֣
ġ껣㲻Ҫ
ȻҶ껵ĻҶһ֪ҶʵҶƾһѧΪչĻľԻң
ûлشҶֱӹҶ˵绰Ȼֱߵſڡ
֨
һ죬űҶ껴򿪣һɫĳվڷſڡͨ绰Ҷ껵ʲôſҶҶĶԻ
ҡ
ֹĿ˸
ҶΪͲ͵´ϣȻϷӦңûг׶֮ǰС˺Ҳģȥб
á
˵ͷԥһ£ǽߵĻ˵˳ʦ˵ˣСǳ棬׼˻ѳӻģ




181 ʼ
ʻĵش½óģڶ̲ȺǶı־Խ֮һ
˵ӵʱͨʻĵɵſ˾ߣ侯Żĸڡͣڰ׻֯Աһͬ᳡İ
ڴѵִļ߻һã׷׵ȴŲλԱĵִ
Σ׼ˡ
¥ڵһһƵĻ᳡Ա첽룬㱨
ȥ
µĻ㱨΢΢ף߳
ͬԱ㱨һܹǧ˵ĶѾó˻᳡ϯ̨ϰںʻÿλǰ϶Ȫˮƹ⡢ѵϡ
ΣʲôҪ𣿡
ۿӲ죬ί칫һʮĸεһʱӭϣǹոʮȴζܹܵİʵ
ৣ
εĻЩԱҲ׷׽ĿͶ˰壬Ŀ⼫Ϊ𾴣þηݡ
ηΪǶ֪λĴܼңǴ˴λ׼Сĸ鳤׼ǵļУλ쵼Ͻϲ׷ҪΪϸÿݡ
ηΪ֪λĳЩȦӳƺΪ׼Ҵٵ꣬ѾڶΪ׼ҵĴӰˣպҪƶ׼ңΪȨƵ֮һ
ջ׼ţȷԲɹ
ޱָʾȻ߳᳡صӴͨ˶ֵĵ绰Է㱨˻᳡׼ͬʱѯһָʾ
̧ͨ󣬿˿ʱ䣬־ȥӭӲλ쵼жʮӣ룬óһ˽ֻͨһ롣
١
绰ܿͨͲдƶʮ𾴣֮໹żϲáΪɽׯ¼Ļ߻ߣѾ֪¼½չ
⣬紫Ͷ̲Ķ¿ϴƺӵǵպͺĽƻһ㲻١뵽ⰴհ׼ָʾľ棬΢Ц޵
С벻˰ķۡǫźۼһƨ
㲻øҴñӡ
Ȼ˵廹İõؽƨ֮лżư÷ǳƯǺ⡣˽õӦĽ
лл١
һʱлеɥ֮ʹʧӰ٣ȡ֮˷ܡ
˷ܣΪǵãĻλȨģ뾡һа취ϰ׼ߣ
˷ܣΪ֪ĻλȨߣ˴ͨ͸ģĿľΪҶҿ̨Ҷ껴̳£
׼Ҳ֣Ҷأɱ֮𣬶ҶΥЩм֣˳ϰ׼ߣνһܲ˷ܣ

Ϊ־ԽĶʻĶԣ׻֯´ȴԵЩᡣ
ΪԱٵԵʣ׻֯´ԣ۰칫¥ԺԵЩСֻһʮ칫¥Ժֻһô
Ȼе׻֯´
һЩݵ˶ԣ֪׻֯´¥ڲ׼ȷ˵ڰ칫¥桪칫¥㣬һ׻֯ԱдĳʣǻѾʴĵ¼
ֻʮĵ¼˼ͼƣܷգֻη¶ĴָССףǽȫȽĺϽ죬Ҫ˵ͨӵûҲ޷俪
һѺܼ
һηҶϥڴϣڤ룬һΧϵ֡
ΪҪݺҶ껣Ҷ껻ֽҶھûжŭǰճĶʵʵؽ˾ӶѶ賿ʱת׻֯ԱУ
Ҷûڣһֱڤ֮С
٣СӶԻ湻԰
ǰͷˣȻ˼
ηͷҶ׻֯ԱҶӽһֱڤҶĶԹãͬʱ־Ҷù
ৣ
˵Ļ䣬Ҷ͵۾Ŀ絶һɨˡ
ҶǱĿ⣬׻֯Աֻͷһû˵ʲôֱת뿪
ѵǱ߽ˣ
׻֯Ա뿪Ҷ̲סԼ
ûд𰸣Ҷüͷšһ
ͬʱ
ɫĳԼʻһĺɫ׻֯´Ժſڡ
ʾ֤ſվڵعһʱ
㲻ʶң
δع˵ʾ֤
û뵽ôʣվڵعһС㣬ΪȰ㻹뿪
ķϻеࡣعĻӹɣҪͼңûǸ
ѵ
£³˳ֹϳţعĿɿڴıУһԽţһɫâһ㣬Ű칫¥ȥ
棬ԺڣԺڣ
һĻعɫһ䣬ûв׷ȥǵһʱߵ㱨
ɲǼ䣬Ϣһذըһ㶪˰İ칫¥ԭİ칫¥ʱը˹
ʮӺ󣬵ߵ칫¥ǰʱҵĽŲӰ칫¥ﴫһϷ׻֯óԱʮȫװع߳칫¥ס˳ȥ·
С㣬Ӳ׻֯´Υ׻֯Ĺ涨ȷҪô
׻֯ܲóԱʵʮعǷ׷׶ǹ׼ųǸоֻҪһ£Ҫɸӡ
ҪӲô
ʮ֧ڵǹڣ治ɫһȻ

׻֯ܲóԱʮعԶԣԳʵȫ֪ǰǱ
ðҲ֤ǵֽܲǹ״
ৣ
ʮعԣһæĿͶľ׻֯ܲóԱȴŶԷ
ǹ
ľԥɫ´֪ԳʵЩعǹûв
ৡ
ľ´ʮعһʱǹǶ׻֯ΧԱҪ˵ľ׻֯ܲõˣ׻֯´ĳԱҲҪӡ
ﲻΪ˾ˣֶֻ˵仰ۿԷʮϣԭĮͻȻųЦݣ⡣
~
֪ΪΣԭЦݣľڣֻû䣬Уľǿĵıŭ⣬ǸС㣬׻֯涨ͻƳϵĽ׻֯ܲ԰ɽׯɱ˰֮ǰϽκ뷸˽Ӵ
ȻˣֻӲˡЦݲȴӿֳһľ˿־Ϣ
С㣬ѵҪ׻֯Ȩ
Գѹȣľľĸоǿĵľ⣬˳ǰЩعٴζǹ
ƾɵʵһʮ
ľ裬һһЩһȫȥү
㡭
вĿľֻͷѹһɽһܣʮعŵǹ˲ˡ
Ҫˣ绰Ϸ㱨ɡ
ʮ֧ڵǹڣľ˾ע£ߵľǰ¶һ˲ЦݣÿϹ˵Ļ׻֯Ͽ¾ˣ




182 Ľ⿪ֻ
С㣬Ȼô˵ھ͸ϳϴ绰ֻҪϳͬԴȥ
Ϊ֪סǴӳĻ֮ľѡͬʱһŵؿų³Ӳ
á
ľʮعԤϵǣܸɴͬ顣
ľ״ͣһʱó׻֯רͨѶϵϷ硣

ʻڣŶ缸λУ׻ܼ֯ɵĳϷһͬ롣
ǣ᳡׼Ѿָʾ״æΣӭȥ
Աȴʡе쵼λ׻֯Ϸ糤ϣʱλİϷ糤ϻ㱨һ»᳡İϳǷаšⲻɫ˵ţ̸ʵΪϷ硣
ǣǡһʱͷǰ˫ֵãϳϡ
ˡˡ
Ļ䣬ֻ𶯵
á
ԼڴͨѶ𶯣ϷԵ֣ȽӸ绰
õġ
ʶȤس֣û˿һ֪ٳ򣬲ϲŭֹϣΪҪǣΪ׻֯ϵϷݡλһЩ⽮
Ϸ粻ٷϻֱߵһ˵Ľ䣬óͨѶľ磬ӿֳһõԤУæ½
ϳϣҪ밿ɽׯɱ˰Ҷ棬Һͬ־ͼҪӲ˵Ҵ绰㱨
绰ͨľæ㱨ûҽĻԭⲻתֻǱ˼
ľĻ㱨ϷЩջ𡪡׻֮֯󣬻δйӲ׻֯´ӣ
ջ֮࣬ϷҲ֪Լ¸˳㲻Ҫȥˡ
ǣϳϣľԣ˿
ϷͨѶޱߵԣǣ´Ǳе飬Ҫȥһ£İɾͬ־ǣͷ侯ߵͬ־Эɡ
á
ϷѹƵŭ⣬һµʲôµ˵ͷ
Ϸԣ͹ЩĴʾһ£߳˻
ϷȥıӰ˼Ȼ˹Ŀ⣬Ŀ·˵ҶҪӲ׻֯´ˣ
Ƕ˹Ŀе˼ϲֳЦݣǳ˲ιһˬ
ͬʱľԴ£ݣλڰ칫¥ܼ
ΪܼΪ˹Ѻߴģδ䱸׻֯Χع֯أЩعľų󣬷ǵûѯʣ෴ֱӾС
ľ
Ҷ׻֯´ԱǼľųִͬЩعһʺãȴżֲؿľĳ
ϳС뷸˼棬ǰŴ򿪣ľš
á
׻֯´ĳԱһæóһңһɫť
ꡪ
һ죬˲ߵĺϽŻ򿪣ҶӰ˵
Сǰ
ˣ
ҶĿⲻƵɨһľΪ׵׻֯Աʵ
лҪС˵пܻǣһЩΪ֪ܣȰûرܣǽ˯žûлش𣬶Ťͷľˡ
ߡ
ĻһҶݣľ輸ûԥ˾
ȻҲ֪֪ŵܲǺ¡
ûн
Ŀľ뿪ҶĻųֱ뿪˵ʲô
š˵ͷȻŸθҶ˵
ҵԼҶɫ΢΢һ䣬
СǲΪҶΪ˼ݣԸ㣿˵Ըⲻϧһд۾㣿״̲ס̾˿ʵ
ûзҲûΥ׻֯Ĺ涨ݡλΪҳһУƺѰɣҶԳһЦӸ𰸡
СҿԺȷظ㣬Ϊ˾㣬ݺ˸ۣѾһеľġ֮ǰոҶҼҶͨ绰ӦҶֻҪȳ㣬ݺ˱ҶҵӰ˵ʸҪ;
⣡
Ҷͷһԭء
СҶӣԩݺڵϦΪ;ԩҶûң˿Сֻһףûĸס
˵ԭ

ٴĻҶǴһ㣬ҵزͼ˵ЩʲôȴúЩɣӲû˵һ֡
һ̣ĳھж
϶Ҷ껹ݲԸûڡھΣͬʱҲҶԸΪ˾;Ķж
һĻû˵ʲôһؿҶĿԽš
ţΪ֪ҶĽܷ⿪ȫȡһ̣˵飡
Ϊ֪һУ֮ǰδĳЩ˵ҶҶԸҶ껴绰
ڳŵͬʱھжһ˲忪ҶȽյĴţȴԹ޳һɶ
ǷԹ޵ʧҶĽ᳹׽⿪
ô£
Ľ⿪˲䣬ҶһֱûѧûȥϸϸǷݸ򣬶Լسʵ
СĸԶԶ󡣡һ˵ǣõʵ֪׼ô
׼ң
Ҷ΢΢һȻǰ˵׼ǻĽҶҵĺš
ֻ֪һ֪
ص׼ҲǽҶҵĺţҶҵĵжԼ塣׼ȷ˵ҶҺͰ׼ʮʼһЩӡ֮һֱʤֱ׼ү뿪˼ҶҲȵ˻ĵһŵΣѹŰ׼һͷ׼ʶȤѡ躹ޡ
꣬Ҷү״ԽԽ⣬ʱ뿪׼ҿʼôٴҶжΪңҶ껺Ͱ׹˵ľ桪嶼ϣվ۷Լˣ
εȻǺŵĻ˾ͽݣĻĲ߻⣬ºķչĻǰ׼ңֻǰ׼ҵһӣ
׼ӦǴռ֪Ҷ껵ĹϵȻͨҶںΪͷһ£жϳҶʮ㣬ԲŲ֣Ҫݺ㣬ʵΪ˱ҶΪ˾ƻϷɡΥ׻֯涨
ԣ
ô˵Ҷ˫ȭһһǿҵŭüĿ֮ӿ֡
ڰɽׯҶΪ˾㣬ѾΥ׻֯Ĺ֮󣬵˵ĹϵͲµǸȦסΪ֪ӣί֪ȦףȴĸԸ˽ȥƻϷ򣬶Թ˺ݻ
˵ҲΪҶ껵ΪжڣΪ˾㣬Ҫ;Ҷ˲ӦҪЩݺ˳ͷ
ֹҪôҶǰһһץסĸ첲ۣŴǼ˵
ֹֻܹ㣡
ѵֻܸͬǵЩ˵һ⣡


183 ţѣ
ԣҿԣ
ôһѣҶؿԼԼ侲
ǵģԡ
ͷ͵ʦңǰһͬо޸ҽֻҪܹ޸˾ͽˮͽҰǳ֤֤Ǳݺģ
ҰҶһ
Ƕ°׵ҵŵܲã϶Ĵܼң˾ͽľĸ
Ҷһ㶣ȻˣΪλһͬ˾ͽ壿
˾ͽߴλ֮ǰ˰˽ҰźͺӣȽҰһˮҰȻ˾ͽҲԼźȥֻ
͵Ѿȥźͺӽ˳ֻҪ޸ָѣȻΪ֤
ԭˡҶȻȻҲͨҸ׵ĵ绰ֹ
á
ҶƺҶΪףһҶϿҶף⿪ĽᣬһϲȻȴͻȻԼֻڳˣЦֻڳϡ
ߣ
ҶԣȼڴȥƺһҲԸˡ
״̲סһЦһΣҶ
Ϊǹ߾ߣ
Ӻ󣬾͵ҶִȾͷҪ߳ʱһһը죡
䣬֣
Ϸľ׻֯´Աͬ£ڼſڣסҶĳ·
ţ
ϷԵǿƵĻϷӣҶ˫ȭһһŭ˲ӿ֣
ԭΪ׺Ϊ׻֯ӡȵףϷҪֹ֪ͨҶƣܲŭ
ֻǣŭ֮࣬Ҷƾɫ־ԼûԴһȵϷ֡
ǸܵҶŭ⣬ϷɨҶһۣȻֱӽҶۣԳԲ֣ҲӣǼ̤׻֯Ĺɣ
ϳϣΣΪʱִԲ򣬿ûܾ㣡
ߣҽ쵹ҪҪʲô
вϷ統ŭˣΪ׻֯ϵʱв
£һǿϢɽ緢һ㣬˲Ϸӿ֣һΪԲĻƣ˳һɢֱӽľ𿪣ͬʱҶѹ
ϷѹȣҶֻԼ˲䱻һϢ֣ͷѹһɽƵģΪܣ˳ˣ
ž
״Ц̤ǰһ΢΢һӣһǰһǽһ㣬ѹס޷ǰֺ
ৣ
Ϸɫһ䣡
Ϊ׻ȭԵʣ˲佫㣬ֻһֵסƣ
һиʵԲֹʾԲô򵥣
Ϸ磬Ϊ׻֯ĳϣѧָƣӦ֪Щǲ׻֯ģ
ϷΪʵе𾪵ͬʱٴοˣ֮дżǿӲ
׻֯
ȻĻϷľΪ׵׻ƳԱֱӾˣ
Ϊ׻֯һԱǶ׻֯ǻĳߵģҴʼΪĵһǿߵġס
һ£ʵ޷ʲô˿ţƵ׻֯Ĵڣ
⣡
ľ˱ĻŴͬʱϷҲûһѿʵǵʲôˣ
Ϊ鶯һָͷҸұ֤㻪ĵһǿߡס滤㣬ҲѲ˱ɱˣ
ָָҶʣ֮ɱȻ㲻ţԳһ£

ٴвľǴһ㣬Ŀɿڴؿųд˲ţʯһ
ΪԲǿߣǶɳԴǲǱżˣ
ǶԼĶǲǳ⣡
~
ͬʱϷûһ飬һãһŵá
Ϊȫ̤ǷΪԲǿߺ׻֯ϵϣ
ŵãΪ϶ежϣ
ȥ
϶еж֮ϷɫüΪأͷľ˺ȵ
ˣ
ϷĻľ˴ӾлعǲԼͬ䶯һºᣬ󣬾жԳҶݺͽĶԻ˺棬ûǰϷ˵һʱ˵˼⣬ҹ˸ЧѵĺϽš
ҽͽܣ
ľ뿪Ϸ罫ĿӳŲͶҶĿ֮ްеֻǾš
û
Ǿţ
ڵִﶫʱɹҶǲͽܣ׺Ҷӵɵʵһ㡣
ղţĻ־Ҷͽܣ
ΪѧȻǿƣܹа塮סսֻʵǿᡢҽͨ졢¾͵а
ȻϳѾһ㣬ҪҪԽѵһ¶һ˲Цݡ

Ϸ类ҭԶԣֻǰһһϴһʹ
С㣬ȻҽͽܣϷٴοˡ
ֻǡ
һΣĻ˵꣬㱻ҶϣǱݺģ
㸸Ҳ˵ͬĻǣҪ֤ݡ
Ȼ˵ϷЩ㣬û֤ݣֻҪΪҶɽǿƾ˵ĻЩվȨĴҲãĵһǿߡסҲգԲ˵֣
ҿԸ֤ݣ
Ҷ޸˾ͽˮͽҰǻָʶǿΪ֤֤Ǳݺģ
㡭޸ͨ񣿡ϷһҲδؿ԰
ϳϣвУԲ֪ˣ
ԣ˵ǸֻҶ֪ܣתһ룬־ûҪʱĿڵ
ֻҪܹṩ֤ݣһһʱµ飬Ҽʱ淴ӳ㱨Ϊ㷭
Ϸ統³ŵԭͲ䵱˵Ҷ껺Ҷңֵ֪Ҷͽܣһṩ֤ݣȻҪת̬ȡ
ṩ֤ݵԺ˵ҪҸ״绰ֹΪƣҶٴοڣдżֽ
ҶҪƣ
ҶĻϷٴһ֮࣬г˺£
޷ҶƻԻɶ𶯣ҲȥҶƵĺҶĳһŭѡƣºˮʯҪе޷жΣ
Ĺʧְ°УŭҶ껣
֮࣬Ϸ˿ٻҶΪ˾ͽˮͽҰ޸ˡҶһ㣬ҪֹҶƣҲɽΪĵ˵ṩ֤ݡ
֮࣬ϷҲףΪһͶ˵ΣΪʱ仰ˡ
ǲǿţѣ




184 ʳ
˵ʮֵʱ򣬶ʻĶΪǰϯ̨λ⣬漸ϯЩλĹԱý߷׷׾ȴŻĿʼ
ͬʱŶĴڶڵĽӴ볤޵ʲô
Ϊ˴λǵǣͬһ鿪ʼ󣬲Żν᳡
һݵ
ǣҶʡˡ
ڳ޵ʡеĴԹΪĵûȵʱ򣬹Ӵң첽ߵԣѹ㱨
ţ
Ϊ֮ǰϷ׻֯´½ȥΪҶ껳ٳû뵱ȻΪҶȥ׻֯´ˣʱĻ㱨һ
λҶʡˣȥӭһ¡ݵȻ󣬹㿪˵
ŹĻ£ԭǢĽӴ̰ϻ¶˼־ȡ
ȣΪǶ˵Ҷ껵飬֮ǰҶ껳ٳδ֣ΪҶ껲ˡ
ǣ鼴ʼˣҿǴһͬӭһҶʡȻ᳡ɣݵİһ۾˿ˣͣն֣ҲǴ˴γ޾ֻյĴ
͵ĻЩҲǷ׷׵ͷ͡
á
Ȼ֪˶Ǳſֵ̬뵽ҶԼôһͬӭӣһԼжЩãȴδǷݲñϣ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ۿͬ⣬͵˷׷߳Ӵҡ
ǣ᳡ǱѾȫ׼ʲôʱλ쵼һͬһӴңӭʾ
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ʶΪɽׯİ½չǶҶ껲Ľչ
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ЦݣҸζ
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Ҷ΢ЦתһϷŰĿ⿴Ű͹ˣһһһᾲؿţҶĳЩʳ




185 Ϯ

ֳҶǲõ΢ЦҶͰĿϷŰζ͵˶סˡ
ΪղſҶʧ̬һĻ۵ΪҶ˷۱жЩͬҶ껡
һ£ʵ벻ͨҶôЦó
Ƕԣ͹ей֮޲
֪Ļǣ׼ҶᱻͨղҶ껵ķٶӼһ㣬ҶǲõЦݺϷŰĿ֡¹˭ֻδ֪ĸо

ͬʱ绰ͷҶҲҶ껵ĻĿɿڴԼʱ⣬ڲŵʵġ껣˵ӻĳЩʳ
Сó֤֤ǱݺģʱĳЩ˵ıƣʯͷԼĽšҶ껽͵
ȷ
ҶЩɣ֮ǰ˽˰ɽׯİӣǸɵľ棬ҶԽ֣޷ҵ֤ݡ
ҶӡҶ˵ţ̲סŸղҶֵΣϵЦݸӲá
Ȼˣ߾ͲˡҶŰɵ
֣Ϣ
˵䣬ҶϵЦɲñЩĮСó֤֮ʱչ֮ʱ
á
һΣҶûзҶ껵飬ΪҶҼΪ¾ͱһӻˣֻΪûͻƿں͹ȫ֣һֱˣ
ۿҶͬԼ飬Ҷ껲ٷϻǹҶϵ绰ˡ
͸ȣӳҶŹ˿ؿްƣҲûǰ㲻ŭеֻЦⰻȻ
ѡѵ淭ˣ
һĻͰڣ̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
ǿûзĻҶ껲ЦϲãǣĻҶ֮ǰǰʧ̬
Ժ󣬲ȻҶߵߡ
Ҷʡ㻹𣿻ʱ䵽ˣûµĻǽȥɣȻܺչҲֻܽǷݺѹƣЦݵسҶ껵
ǸλõˡҶ΢΢˵ͷǸ
ԣٷϻڣҶΣ˽
ͬʱ׻֯´
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СñܽС
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ţ
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һͬʱϷȸҵ칫¥ϢƬ̣ȥ˾ͽˮͽҰ˴
á
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ģҾԻᱣ֤ǵİȫ
Ҷľ棬ϷȻЩȴûзһΪ֮ǰԩҶ飬ߣҲ֪˾ͽˮͽҰ˽ϵӵսֲҶҺԲŹ
һĻͬ˵㡮ס汣ҲѲ˳ͷ
ۿϷ֣شӦҶûٶ˵ʲôϷ߳
ţ
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ֱǸǣɽׯһҪıˣ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵĲ²һ㣬Ϸ羶ֱǰԸСҶȥ¥ϽӴϢľ̴ȥʻĽ׺´
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С㡢ҶȵӴϢȴƬ̡ϷŤͷֶԳҶ
á
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ĿųҶ뿪Ϸżŭضľ貹ǲʵ͸ǣΪֲе˹ΪҶ֤֤ҶǱݺģ
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ľæȴǳɻ󣺵ʲôϳϵ̬ת֮
ʮӺ
׺ڰɽׯ㽫Ҷɱͬ飬˶ĵļҡ
ұĳ˴˴λİָģʮͰȫֵ˾۾ضŵĻʱ̹עŻı仯һ޾ֳͰȫֳһߺŲ裬һʲô
ˡ
ۿͬңʱȡϷ絣δ˴λ鰲˵޾ֳǰһ²豭վֱ˹
޾ֳˣֻɱְѡΪͷԵʣ鲻΢Цػһ䡣
ԭ˴λ鰲ϳϣ֮ǰϳΪ׻֯´һЩҪʱ˴ΰ
޾ֳ׻֪׻֯´Ǳ߳ʲôǲǰɽׯķ˳ˣ

֮ͬǰϼָʾǼزλԱ᳡ֶ֮᳡ѲߣȷûΣպ󣬲ŷѹ֪Ϸ뿪飬ʱ޾ֳôһ˵һ
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һ͹۵ģ޾ֳ˲֪飬ЦЦҲˣȥǱߺȿˮϢһ°ɡ
á
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ˡˡ
·Ϊ˸˽ҿյһ㣬ʱ޾ֳֻ
޾ֳóֻһȻؾӶӳĵ绰
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ؾӶӳ绰Ǳ߳ˣ
ԺЩ޾ֳһʱͨ绰ôˣ
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顪
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ৣ
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⣡
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վͼԼֵһЩŬ֮ǰ¶Цݵ϶дš塯֣۽ǼǷš
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ۿ˳ȥľٴ޾ֳǸû˿Ǹԡ
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޾ֳǣǿЦЦ̲סʣľðһ£ǲǷʲôˣ
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ˡˡ
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֣¿Ȫˮƿ΢΢ͳֻ㿪š
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͵ԥǷҪضŵʱ⿴һԵҶ껣΢΢һЦ
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186 
׻֯´һӴҶϥڵذϣ۹۱ǡǹģɮ붨һ㣬һ·Χһж޷Ӱ졣
ɳϣĿһؿҶĵϳڴڴ֮໹Щġ
ΪҶ绰ʱƺҶΪ֪֡ҶĽѽ⿪ᶨΪӵ츳ҶԺɵ쾳Уͻž
ӽŵҶ붨ѧһСʱˣһ㷴ӦûУģ
ৣ
͵ΪҶٳûžǵʱҶͻȻ˫ۡ
쾳𣿡æʵ
š
Ҷ˵ͷ붨Ƭ̺ͨ⿪Ľһ̵ĸžУ֮ڲŴ붨״̬лعΪžе˲䣬زǿ󣬶ԼԼһƬɫĹâ
Ҷ֣ȶǵɫĹâʧӰ٣֮Ŭ޷ٸӦǵɫâˣ·δֹһ㡣
ʲôԣд󶨣Цʡ
𣬱СʹתȴǶѧĸǳ
Ҷ˵Լĸ򣬡쾳ʱڤĹУΪѧ޷Ƭأγɹ߹ֻС·תһ߳Ļ̤쾳磬㳹Ƭأصһ֣ת
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š
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ĻҶʹĸ׵飬Ӧﴫҵ½ߵĻʻ˶ӣһͬӴȥ
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İɣʦ㣬ġ
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á
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š
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⡭
һĻƺµҶҪʲôֱӱĿɿڴ


187 
Ϊͽܣйռһʮ׳٣ѧ˽һ޷ġ
֪ѧһߣעעָ
ڻѧ类Ϊʿ˱Ϊʦ
ʿʦսʱõĲ似
νָ񣩹רŹ˵꣩ɱΡ
ݳ֪Ϊֱӹͼӹ
ǰʿжϳֵ꣩ǿǿþԷ꣩дݻ٣ͨ󷨣ǿʹýӡ߶󷨣ԪĲǿԪ֮еֵ֮У˺ֵ꣬Ӷɱ֡
һ£һǿʿӵпֲҶ󷨼Ϊ˽⡣
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У̫Σˣ
æǰֹǾһ߶Ԫ൱ڤǧٱΪͨ˸޷ܣ
֪󷨴߶һУڣסȹؼλͬʱԪ޸Ҷ͵
ʮ𣿡Ȼġ
ҵ㹻߶󷨣ڱԪ޸ʱҿһĶãʿʽԪתΪġҶٴν͵
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һͬʱҶһţһҶģеĵǽɢվһԣȴҶ߶󷨡
~
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ӺҶһ˫ǰɿشһֵĽӡ

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ţ쿴ǣ
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˵޴ıָֻ֮ǰأҲǱüΪͳһУǵΪӵӰ죬ǵĹʮֱ״̬Ǳѵ嵱ǰƣٶöΰָ
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Ŷ˺ͷļټĻ˲˰֮У޴幵ĸֳһ㱣ƺһġ
޴ͬ־ھȥ飬18ǰֱ𽻸벿ҡ
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һĻǶֻǷ붫޴˿ֱ˻ҿճλ׼顣
Ӻ󣬱ְͣ޴صԼİ칫ңȴûǸһԺλҧҧóֱֻӲͨĵ绰
ཡԲĺͨС
绰ͨͲǴˡཡһȻС
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촫ƵֻȻ޴ȴûȥ񣬶йһ㣬̱˵ϡ
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ڹȥļСʱ紫죬Σ
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ߵӵʱ򣬰ִίԺſڣͳ֤վڵ侯˳С
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ԭԱ˽Դ鷿ľٶܲҪѵ⣬ȻڵĻ㱨ŵֱӴ




193 ĲĻ
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һеͬʱûȥʩվڰλãҲʩ
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һֱԲˬܶ༬⣬һһӦ֮ߵġ
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ûпѩǷջֵĴľĺü粻ƺǷҪ绰
һֱⶼһѶϵˣӺһͨ˵绰ү
Ҹո˵˾ͽˣ޵ҡôҪ飬ô㱨绰ͷܲĳ·ʵ
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ү㲻㣬ҺͰ׼Ҷû뵽Щܴͨ˾Ȼѹ
Ȼһ㱨Ϻ⻹Щţ֮࣬æȻⲻжεɡԸΪ¸ĸԸܲĳͷ
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˵εļƻʧȴҲ㲻Ĵ
Ȼ·һתң㷢СҶϢҪԣʱһ֡
лүһ棡
æлʾү߸ô

·ﾫ˸˹֪ڻĵĵȴŮѪɾ̨׻֯;㣬ҲҶǿʲôջ㡣һɲصģֻҪ̬չãȵη粨ȻָԪ
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·Ļֱ䵽˶˿
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󣬳·̲סЦˣƺܹһи׺Σ

ģ롣
Ϊ׼ҵӰ˵İ׹νӵһ绰
ΣΪðʧʧΪأ˹⣬ϱߺйϸҲҪꡣ
绰ͨϽǺǽĳ칫İ׼ҼԶȿڵΪҪǣǻ˵׻֯λλҪվҶǱˡ
Բ𣬰֣̫ļˣҲӦüɡ
׹ϴüĿ֮д˰ûڣҼȻ׼Ҷ껵ߣͲļӦԹۣҶ껱硪ҶǸҰֵ·񣬳ͱ¨ӣҶ껺Ҷҡ
ȻˣͲҪھˡ
Զ̾˿һת˵ȻʧأԪˣҲһٿԿ϶Ҷ껻ΪǸҰֲϧһдֻۣҪţҶǸҰһֻһ
ţֻҪǸҰֽҶҶڧǱӮ׹鲻Խսȭͷĵ
Զԣڴ
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194 Цҫ
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һɫĳҶ֪Ϊ˾ͽصػ·

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Ϊ˿Լӿڴ̣һ֧ȵݸҶ
Ҷû̵ϰߣʱ֮ǰܵеı⣬ԥӹе̣Ϊš
ʾ˷ĶĳĲӻŮˣǮҪڶĳɱĳԱֹ˾ͽ壬˾ͽȡ
һ̣Ҷϣ˼û´ĻӦ˼δʱѡƹˤİɣ
ǣҲǡ
ǵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷһ̣˼һĳӣٴν֮ȻԹ첻ۣȴԼһУδԱǴͬҸһҵĴ
˵ıЩʹ̵࣬ٶԼӿ죬ƺŶǷʹ
ܿģһ֧ȼֵȼڶ֧̣ݺں󣬲˻Ƶصһ飬׽ļֻ塣
ʲô
һڿ˵ңԸһҲ벻ԸΪȥŮˣǵʱ򣬺ҵĳ˴׽ڳ
˵جΰļͬˮһӿԺ˫۳׺ˣ˸ѪĹâҲǲܿƵزļҾȻϽǣֻһ㡣ԭΪǱҵĳñֶǿռˣǣŭеҴɱǸ˵͵ҳ嵽ߵʱǸŮһֿؤĿ⿴ңҪʲô
һֱ̣ԭأãȻؿǸŮˡҳǳЦУһֿĿ⿴ң˵ӽûйϵվӣԼʲôУҪ⣡ǺǡҪ֪˼ج֮ǰҵҼҰٷ֮һ
˵ţ˵ţЦˣЦ֮г˳ζƺڳǸŮˣڳԼ˵ʵⱲӶǸ߸ϵıͳĵĿ⡣һĻһѷļ⵶һ²ҵѣһ˿ִ֧顣
ΪŮ˲ֵá
Ҷ޷ʱʹ֪࣬ǸŮ˵ΪѹյһݣеΪϧ
ǲֵãʱһ޷⣬ȫŭͷԣͼɱǶԼǸ˵Ƕһ˳ȥ
˵ʹĻ䣬ı𽥵ػָҲûǼ֮ˣҽΪʲҵĵܵãȻʾһྩıĳĲŮˣһɶɱʱ򣬱ĳĹԱֹȻ˾ͽ
ʱ˾ͽ˵һ仰ÿ˵ֻһҪһţҸһλᡣ
˾ͽһˣ֮໹ĸмΪ˾ͽǾ仰Ҽ˶˾ͽĳһֱ˾ͽ
ҺͬЩƺĻ߶ɱ޹ءҶؿ
ηӭҶĿ⣬һһǹģ
ģҶɻ
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ҶӾлع˲µ⣺ң˵Ҷٴ˼𣿡
ҡҡͷһֻ𣡡
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顪
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ΪֻһִŵؿҶ
ҿ԰㸴𣬵ҲҪ
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199 ̸
ǹݣشϽǣռ44ƽף14ƽף̻21ƽףΪǹ֮һ
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ŵӵʱʢ˾ͽˮײıǹһˮײΧʻ
ǹݵĹԱ˸׼ȴ׷Ὺʼ˾ͽˮТվˮײԣһؿ˾ͽݣˮܿƵشѿ޺졢׵ۿӿ㲵䡣
ۿ˾ͽˮˣҶв̣ȴֻܰ̾˾ͽˮļ򣬶߳˴˾ͽˮ˾ͽ
⣬Ϊ׵ĶһֺĲ㣬վſڣʮԱףվ̨࣬һֱ쵽̨¡
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Ҳ˵ΪҶƹܶĴˣ
Ľ֮࣬ȰҲЩ档
ԭǶΪΪ𶫺ɱ㲻ҲҪҶһ߳ҡһΪҶĴˡʵںܺ棬׸Ҷ˵ʲô
û˸ӵĿ⣬첽ӭҶϹ㱨Ҷݰţǰμ׷Ŀ˽ڰСʱʼ½ִŵ׼ʱ׷ᣬ׷˾ͽл𻯣Ȼǰ԰Ĺᡣ
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Ҳǵˣʱ˿Ϊǿȷ·ͨ͵
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ΪҶ˳ŵһУöָΰȶ붫ʮ⣬ΪˣӵҶĵ绰ʮֿȴǺҶΪ˾ͽ׷һ绰
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ͣ£Ŵ򿪣ܰ˴ӳ¡
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ȶԣһɫϥȹͷŰɫɴȥһɬ˼ֳׯء
³󣬳һǰ棬ܰ׷Ĵ
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˵ִ̨ºЩԱһǽӵεָʾһ㣬׷Ϲʾӭл
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200 Ѹ
԰λڶֳϣͤ¥ڡĹƺһ壬ͳĹŵ佨ͥԺɫصľԼʹ԰ƻֺꡢ緶š
Ϊ޵ĵ̸˾ͽǰеϵһ֪Լ̤һ·һֻڼһֻڵʶΪԼڶ԰һˮѵĹء
ǿĹأ˾ͽӵĹؽš
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201 ֺ
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һ죬Ŵ򿪣ս۸Ҫ룬ȴͻȻеһֻԼļͷ޷ǰ
ৣ
սɫһ䣬ͷһӳüʲô
С㣬롣
ûս۵ķŭʾСݣȻսһ˦һȥ




202 ԩ·խ
սȻ깦򣬵ǻӣôһ˦µڵأˤ˸ʺΪǱ

һĻλӭСŵþһ׷˺
ûһһݡ
Ҳ꣡
ΪȦĻħսȻҶתӣﻹŷĻ֮ǰܹûзѾѵˣʱˤڵأ´ӵ˺С㲻мע£ŭȥ
Ȼ
սۿݣźϣսŭĵš
ȡⲿݰɡ
ͬʱһݴ潵ӭСΪս˵ݼŴ򿪡
սֻһŻȴûг޹ӭС㷢ŭؽһݡ
ԼĪʮӺС˾ǲ¥ͣ£Ŵ򿪣СŤΣݡ
Զվڰſڵȴս۵ĵŴ򿪣Ϊս۵ˣҪӭϣ˴ӵ߳С㡣
֣ʶͣ½Ųͫ׶Ȼӿֳ޷Ƶĺ⣡
Ƿݺ⣬ǰŨңϵļһ˲ЩŤ
Ϊ
ӵ߳С㲻Ǳˣǵ걳ĳ֣ѫϴ˵ϺݺͱӵŮˡӨ
һһУдӡֹһجεһĻ
Ŀеĺʵ̫ŨˣӨһʱˣʶؽĿͶ
ţ
ϤʱӨͫ׶ȻŴûһ
ͬʱӨ˼ӨͻȻͣ½Ų˳ӨĿ⳯ǰɨһ۱㿴ͬҲһ
ΪӨδ֣ѫרְ˾Ҳ֣ҵ˾ˣ֪֣ѫӨ֮Ĺϵ֪֣Һ˼ҵĶԹ
ӨΪԭصͬʱһӲؽеĺѹȥȻҶӦΪ𣬵ͨżĻʲôǴȫҶİţһһӡظ
ҪջĿ⣬ȴһҲ򿪣ս۴ӵ߳
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Сӣȱ첲ȣжԶҹԶ
ۿս۵Լ֣ѫͷԼɫһ䣬һסս۵Ĳӣһ׺ݵ
£ս˳һǶһ㽫ս۶һԡ
ס֣
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ô˴٣Ѳ·ƽεɣۿһŭһмЦ
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ĲֹսۣӨҲЩȻԭǶΪղŵһĻ̼ˣӣʲôѹûһϢսʶ
ԽԽȥˣȻСƨһ𣬻һһ١
ۿսǰһģӨеıĸŨǸоⱲӢľһ㣡
ҽص
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սҡҡͷһŭصԹŮ̫ûǣĪسҶ֣
Сӣ㲻ǰɣԣӾлع۾һɣһҪֵļƣȫû
Զһֻ֣Ұ㣿ȷսûºתĿ絶һ㶢
㡭˵ʲô
ԣǾ㵵ضƺΪүҶ˵ֺݻ
ҵĻظڶ飬ֻʱ䡣
˵䣬ӿֳߵϢ붫󣬱ѧϰ䣬Ȼʱݷ˵츳ѣӲڶ̶̤˺ɾ磬ڵ˾ӡ
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ٴĻܵǹɱϢ·о˹Ȼ֪ǰƾʲôҸ˵ĺݻóġ
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Ҫ֣ӨҲһ㣬һЦţǸоʱΪоԲеı֡
Բô
ӨĻеľּ˼֣Ө˵ڹϷ˼ҵĵ֣֮ұ㼷˻ҵһݶӣϰ׼Ⱥ󣬸ԹѩķʽչٶȾˡ
֮⣬֣ѫҲΪ֣ҵ𣬳ױ˰ĴȣǸûĸ߸ӵܺӵζĺ춦ֲ
Ժŵ˵ǵ֣ѫ;ѹûŵһᲢۣ
Ҷһָͷԣͨһкƣָֻŵ
ô
ʵжش
ž
ӨЦıУһǰӨϵЦ΢΢һ
ৣ
һ̡
Ӧ˳ƻӳһץסĸ첲һš
ꡪ
촫ĸ첲Ӳšϡ

һĻӨŵüһƺһǾֵһҶɶӴĺӶͷӿ
٣ò˵ֱΪֹ
ԣֲδѵ򣬸Ө֣ѫһֻΪ˰ս۳
Ϊ֪սҶϵʮСҶΪ˰ս۳ͷϵĿ쵶˵㵱˺̫үְ磡
~
ŶĻ̲סһһǱãһǱŵá
սҲͻȻתˣſ˵ʲôȴӨдiphoneֻľ
Өԭ׺ݵֶŵòᣬȻֻһ뵽ʲôȲش򿪿ɿͳֻ
Ϲ
ʾ֣ӨϵľֵȻ޴棬ȡ֮һЦ
ǱЦݣ·ڸû꣡
ȷʵûꡣ


203 ͷΪֹ
ЦӨͦͦظһֻĿȸһ㣬˽Ϲ
ڸʲôôû
ӨպϹ֣㱻֣ѫشϣ˺춦ֲֲԱԷԱ˵δ˶׷Ҫһ棬ΪˣصӨǰ㣬˭֪˿СʱˣӨδ¶棬Щѻ
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֣ѫɫһ䣬ȻŮˣϾδ޵ǰѣĳ˵ˡñӡʱסӨס
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춦ֲĳԱȻ֪ʲô飬ó֣ѫ̫ã׷ױʾûϵ
Դˣ֣ѫٿףתȥ
ŵƹ⣬ؿתһ˲䣬ıüΪ
ܿ죬֣߳ᣬһ۱㿴ſڵӨĿ絶ɨ˸ŷŭĻ棡
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˴磬ҪҪҶ绰
Ϊĺħս۲ԲеĶóӨʱģʱ֣ѫ¶棬һӨղŸ֣ѫ绰Ǹһģжϳ֣ѫͷС
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֣ѫ÷Ÿɾһ㣡
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ղŵıֿԴ֣
Ҷ˸ղҪռŮѱˡ
ҶĻ֣ѫ̲סˣʶ򡢾սۺߣͼռݴ塣
ֻǡ
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֣ѫԣ죬˵ʲôȴԺһƬհסóҶҪΪͷ
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ҸŮʮӣʮӺŮûаҵĻԸҶٴڣ֮֮
ҶҶֱ̫Ҷв֣ѫֱ¡
һ
Ҷ

ҶϣףֻҶ껵˽ӣܾһѾ御ˣΪһӣ
ۿҶҪҪΪͷԼӨ¹֣ѫˣȻηҶҶ껣ҲףҶв¸ҶͷϴǾԻΪȦЦͬʱҲΪ춦ֲĳ裡
ʱᱻһֲ߳Ӷʧȥ׼ɽ
ͨһУ֣ѫ׻ȥˣǷŭصҶҶҰ֣죬ɱңҲͷ
Ҵ򣬴ͷΪֹ
Ҷ΢΢۾




204 Ҹ㵲ţ
ҡ
Ҷޱ֣ѫŵͷһһŭص
ô
ž
Ӧ֣ѫһĶ⣡
ӨĿɿڴע£һƳ֣ѫϡ
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ԺͣһᣬСһֱӽ֣ѫൽС
ˡˣҡ
֣ѫͨ죬һһ߷
ž
˵һǶ⣬֣ѫ˶ͣһǶ⡣
žžžžž
һʱ䣬Ķ֣ѫԴǲ˹һ㣬ػζ׵øͷһѪ

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״˵һԣ׵ڵأǽϣ̣һ֧ȼ
һڣڣڡ
̵ٶȼ죬ֶ²ֹ
һ֧ȼ˫ͨضͷȻֱͦˣ




205 һ潻
磬ҪҪȥ¥µȻ᳤˳ֹҶǸ˵ǰˡ̷˽˶ݵ꣬ͷĺ
ԣҪǸ˵ˣ᳤Ҫһˣһ꿪ڣЩɻɻΪβҶ뿪
á
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Ӻ󣬸Ϊţ߳һʱ俴ݿڡ
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ֳԻõҹ֮ǰ͵Ľ̸Ҷид죬Ϊͷ֣ѫҲãӨҲգȻη壬ȻƲ㡣

һҧأԶԡ
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ɽҽԺԺ1907꣬ǰǻĺʮֻԺǶй紴ҽԺǻľ߹ʻҽ֮һҲǻ׼ͨJCI֤ĲҽԺڻкܸ
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Ϊˣľ⵱ɸ»ǣΪľṩ鱦ľľʦλʿ֮Ƽ˰׼ң׼լ

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212 ˯ͷ
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ӿ־лعһ鴤ȴû˵һ֣Ǽβͣ뿪˷䡣




216 §ݴӣ
뿪æͷҶ
ŵƹ⣬ؿҶؿɳϣǶʧһ㣬˫Ŀؿ컨壬һ
СС
ֳһĻֻһʹ鲻Խسš
Ϊʲô
Ҷ˻ƵؿڣʳԼΪʲô

ԣ΢΢ſͣȴԶԡ
Ϊ꣬Ҷ껵ȷҶ̫ү˵氮Ȩ֮ѡ˺ߣͬ˵ҶĸܵҶʵʱҶ껻ǼԼѡ
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һɶ׸ȷĿͻ׼ʱصִ˺Ͽգʼ䡣
Ҷںգ߸λܾõĴУòһЩеİԱ
˽ķţڹȥȺϸ̨ۡͶ˷ʣĦصľ÷չȡɹľ飬ڽȷء
һҶ껵İ칫绰һɫߵ绰һɫߣ֮⣬ҲӵֻһϼŰװ˼ϵͳĹֻһ˽ֻ
ŷɻʼ䣬ҶóԼ˽ֻص˷ģʽֻĻϳźʾ
ˡˡ
źų֣Ҷ껵ֻһȻǳ磬½ι
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СʲôȻʣҶҲµʲôɫЩѿ
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ûչ޸߹Ź󸾷Сݸ߹㻮ޣӶӰǵļͥ
~
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أ
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ʲʲôҶûһ
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˵󣬳ýֱ£Ǹо޲̳嵽ǰ༸Ž
ССû£Ҷɫ࣬ҶİΣ
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ʵһ䣬Ҵ绰飬䣬ӰļͥҶҺؼҵȶֻ㣬Ϊ飬֮ǰһŬпܻḶ֮С㵱Ͻ飡
ҡ֪ˡ
ĻҶֻһʹͷعҶ˵绰鶸Ȼһ䣬ʹ𣬶һŭ⣡
Ƿŭ⣬ŵû˲佫ᵽɤϣҴһ
˭ŭҶʡ
ûд𰸡
Ϊ̫Զ޷Ҷ껵ͨǶܿ϶һ㣺Ҫùˣ




220 Ҷ껵ŭ
͵˲ԼͬӿֳͷʱҶȴ˲Լָ侲Ĭػصλϣʲô鶼ûз
Ƭ̺󣬷ɻȫ½һ󣬻ʻɽ׼õͣλ
ɻͣȣҶȴλվڿս㾴ηĿУ·ɻ
ͣƺԶĵطͣһH7γһ˹аͳϰ칫ۺϴĹԱѵȺʱҶ껵ˣH7Ҷר
أҴ绰·ɻʱҶŤͷޱضԸ
á
æͷȻҶ·ɻվһԣȴźλܾõĳʡ»תҶ껵İš
ͬʱҶ껿첽ߵܵһԣó˽ֻͨĵ绰
ģ绰ͨҶȿڣΪͳ
绰ͷԼµҶ껴绰⣬ȴûʾ
˭ȥСģҶ껲ӣֱ⡣
٣ǵһױһףڿ˵Ӱ쵽;ϡҶҵıӻתۼ͸绰״ˡЦһӵػشҶ껵⡣
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ͺȵ㣬˭ȥСģ
Լȥģôˣ
дʵӶ£ƨɣӰ;Թȥþдô
þӣҶŭþӾһҰ֣һô

ŬŬ죬ûп
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ʲʲôȥǸ
ԣһȻɫһ䣬һõƾʲôǸʲô
ȥǲȥҶŭʵ
ȥ
һӰ쵽;Ӱ쵽ҵȶȥʲôοʼЩˣĸ˶ûԹԣ
ãܺã
Ҷɫֱ࣬ӹҶ˵绰
ԺҶ껽صһת˹аͳ볣ʡкȻѳ£ֱӻȥ
֪ˣʡ
Ȼ֪ҶҪѳʲôȻʣǵһʱͷȻת˾
˾³ҶĬһ½ź䵽ס
~
ڷһɳԱעУҶ껵רһֻĸһ㳯Żʻȥ
ʻҶóֻȸҶ绰뵽ѣɫطͷֱٶȥ
һСʱ
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ļУÿε鹤סǼ׼ǼƵꡣ
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Ȼѵʮˣڳ٣ҶȻ٣ơ
Ϊ
֪ȻΥͨ򣬵ߺпܻͨ¹ʡ
Ȼ޲קȥҶǸȴҲϣΪԼ˽£ɽͨ¹ʣ
ʮӺҶ껲ִסǼƵ¥µͣ
~
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ϴεİɽׯ¼ϷΣԽ㱨׻֯ĻȨߡס顮ס׼ҳͷӶٳ׻֯Ҷ֣׼ش
ΪһУҶϷĹϵǵûԶǸӽˡ
Ȼ
ˣϷҶЩ⣬ͬʱЩֱǸϷô绰Բġ
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ʲô£Ҷʡ
Сġ
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Сôˣ
Ϸ˵ĻҶ껱ϷĻԵǡ
ϷԣжϳҶ껻֪飬͵ղţ׻֯´͸Ҵ˸绰ڵ绰ңԼĪСʱǰŵĵӶСʵʩ˰ɱ
ɱҶԣɫ䣬ŵʣССôûˣ
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С˵صͻȻŵ͵ϮҶһ٣Էɱˡ
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šҶϷǺ⣬ǵһֹġ
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á
Ҷ˵ţҶϵ绰Ȼ밴Ϸ˵绰ҶҶֻźվû²ͨ
Ϊ֪Ҷ͵飡

̾˿Ҷõĵ绰ͨżɽСղ׻֯ϷҴ绰˵ǸŵӶľָܵʾȥɱССɱС嶯֮ȥɱ壬صش绰ңֹС
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ΪͷԼ֫ҲͰˣȻҲӣҶɱһתһ룬жϳҶ϶ƽ£û
ҡ
Сǳ棬⻰˵ģʦ̾˿Сıֻһˣ
鲻ã´̼˵ţҶ껵ĻðˣҶʵΪһ⣬ôܻ׵رľ͵Ϯ
İɣѾѧӦˣܿù򡣡Цʱ룬ĳЩ˵ıһǳʣ

ôһ˵ҶŭŨû˵ʲôֱӹҶϵ绰³ڱηĿУɫؽ˾Ƶꡣ
Ӻ
Ҷ껳ݣִﶥ¥ͳ׷
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¥ݿڣΪڵ쾲һ˸ǹһҶ껣æϹʺá
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һ̡
쾲ĿɿڴıУӡһ̩ɽҶ껣ͻȻţŷžһţ
顪
촫Ŵ򿪣Ҷһ̤뷿䡣
ʲô
ͳ׷ԡ࣬ɳϳˮһ̧ͷһҶ껺õʵ
ֻһ䣬ȥȥǸҶ껾ֱߵǰʵ
˵ˣҲȥηӭҶ껵Ŀ⣬ԡ
죬ྩҶޱ
ҶҪ飬ྪֱӴɳһ𾪵㡭㾹ȻΪǸҰָ飿
ûлشҶŭ˦һƣ
ž

౻鷭ڵأ




221 Ż
һƣҶȻûжþҽؿŭ֣ȲС
ϣĽų죬ƼΪǱ˵ʱ𣬳ָӡߵݼȫɶˣѣѪ
ƹ£󱳿ɳһŵҶ껣Ǹоƺ޷Ҷ껻ᶯִ
ʹΪһжǻþ
þô
ءܣ
ش쾲ľ֮ǰҶһŽ߿󣬿óҶʮջ룬͵͵ﵽſڣʱҶһƽһƳ鷭ڵأ߽˷䡣
㡭ң㾹ȻҴң
쾲ĺĿɿڴıлعһһøһ㣬żɤӣҶ˻
ҶޱӽĸһΣҴһΡ
~
ֳҶޱӣҶǵͳõһһΣֵڵء
ܣ
쾲״ҲҶǷᷢ𣬾͵һֱӵԣһѷסࡣ
ҶҶ껣Щ꣬ؼҰгƾү֧㣬ҲδܹΪҶҵӰŵѡӵгɫȨĻᣡǰЩ꣬ؼ֧֣Ҷܷѹư׼һǸδ֪أ
ͷɢңøһ㣬ɥ˻ѱռˣõ㹻ĺô쵽ڵλá㲻øжҲͰˣǸˣΪǸ˵Ұִҡ
ž
ٴˡҰ֣Ҷ껵̤һ֡
ҶҶʡ쾲ŵɫһ䣬æǰ

ҶһȻ̽һץס쾲·ӣ쾲ȻǶһ㣬һ
ಡ
쾲·˳ȥײһԵ辰ϣѵ֮ڶ
û쾲ҶٴһӣһץסĲӣ
㡭ҪʲôŵѪɫǾֵʵ
Ѿһˣ㲻ԡҶץĲӣ
Ҫ
Ҷ껵쾲ΪҶҪ࣬ŵæ
~~
ͬʱĺüԭҰ׵Ϊͨ죬֮֮ǰҶʱĲһеֻǴδĿ־壡
ͼȴֻǱһ㣬޷
Ȼãʱ˿̵ҶİİšҲ޷ܣ
ӿֳһδ˽Ҷ껣
ǵĻҶؼҵҶȻ˲棬ȶԣؼһõࡣ˵һ㣬ԴүүȥҶҡؼĹϵؼûˣԣ㲻õ˱˻ԣ˵ҶմؼҵıˣѹؼڰҶҵĴȣ
Ҷ껲ûзŭ࣬ޱ˵Ϊؼҵ֧֣ҲڵݵλҾøӿЦˣҶӪľߣؼܹӰģ

ͣԶԣֻǴڴϢ
⣬ʵ㣬飬ⱲĴ󣬶̳ҶңΪҶӪ֣ɫȨ۷壬ĸǽһҺܲ
Ҷ껻ɿĲӣµɳϣǰã¼ѾȷʾˣѾһˣҲڶΣ²ҪеһУ

ȻҶⷬ׵ĻһԵ쾲ֱŴˡ
ৣ
Ҳɫ䣡
ôķóҶϣֻз֮ķǰҸ

û뵽Ҷ껸ûнӰҶӪʶ۷ҰģûС
û뵽Ҷڰ¼󣬾ȻΪ˾ҶҪһУ
ǣ鷳֮⣬ʲô
óҶ껲ǿЦͻȻеһ󾪻ţ̬Ȳֵ֪ôô
ǣ鷳
Ҷҿȷظ㣬ʲô飬ûҹңȥģɽׯ¼ȻΪΥ棬֮Ϊ׻֯Ҷ֣׼شһ

ѾڶˣȻòᡣ
Ҷ껼״Ҳûмͣ׻֯ĻȨߡסͬͷ׼ңΪ׼һЩջ֮⣬ҪҶ˵Ҷʦһ
ΪΪ߻ħ˵ºɱɥȪ
Ҷŭһ£ûҴ绰ҿȷظ㣬ڸ绰˵ȥҲδػң
绰ߵ㣿֮һ˿ɡ
ңΪ壬飬ΪҶ̹ԣж
Ҷ껴ʣ˵ţ˵ţͻȻЩϵҶҹ⻷ԣһĲֵ

ŬŬ죬˵ʲôȴԺһƬհס
࣬˺ദǽıĵġ׿ҽ֮ǰЩ²˵Щ꣬ԼʲôҲ˵㣬Ҳֻ֪ΪȷʵȻϣҾΪɷ򣬴ĳ˵Բ㣡
ᵽ֣Ҷ껵ԺﲻֳϰƮƮӣ̾˿ڣңҰֵôҸ㣬ֵãΪңڰɽׯ¼֮УֹһҲҪơ㵱ûжԲĸӶˣƾΪҲ

֪ǱаܣǴҶ껵ĻᵽĳͷʶȤѡ˳Ĭ
˵ϣ룬αĻʱֹˡ죬һ᷵ҶңҰֺүү˵飡·Ϊӡ֤Ĳ²һ㣬Ҷ˾
Ҫ
ٴҶҪ飬һ֣֪Ҷ껲ǿЦҲ˵Ҫ飡
ԲںҶʮ޿޵ĸ飬ܲںҶҴϱ⻷
ΪͬҶ˵ؼүӹؼҶûгؼɽֻҶҵİģȻں֮У
Ҷ飬ҶҴϱ⻷Ҷؼҵ˲ƣҶҡؼĵλһǧɣ
޷ܵģ
޷ʲôӣ
껣ûҲкӣ㲻ΪҪĸ˰ɣֲ֮࣬ش˱ƣ˿ơ
Ҷޱ飺࣬Ѿˡ
껣ҴˣԣҶ껻ָرסҶ껵ȣ͸ȥǸ
Щ¡ЩһԶشˡ
Ҷ̾һ˫ء


222 ۽߶
Ҷˡ
Ҷ˵Ǿһ˫صĻôϴˡ
ߵúܸɴ࣡
ҶȥıӰеǰδеĿ־壬̱˵ϣǶ˾һ㣬һ
ܣ
һĻ쾲æǿϵʹӵ첽ߵǰ
ôɫף˵ţ쾲Լ
ءܡ
쾲Ҳû뵽ջݱӣԥһ£ҽҶϴ绰ҶϳȰ˵ҶʡĻҶʡпܻջؾ
ԣ绰ԣγѣæҷֻ绰ҵĵ绰أ
ܣ쾲ɳҵֻݸࡣ
Сȥ껣ڴ绰ӹָֻ˼侲š
ǣܣ
쾲æȥ
~
һһһ˵ǣȻŲͨҶҼҶ˽˺롣
С࣬ô绰£
绰ͨͲдҶ֮дżɻȻҶҵĴϱƹĳҶҵλͣûʸֱҶ㱨ĵز
֣ɥ˵Ҫ飡
Ŷ
Ҷԣһﾫ˸һ˼еԵɣһʵô£
ҶӶ£׼Ұ巢ͻȥӰ쵽껵;ҶңԽϵһ档
ԥһ£ûѣʵ˵ʱΪҵȽϼЩ˵̫ˣ߻ħ˵º⵽˰ɱ
˵ͣһ£Ҷûпڵ˼ּ껵֪󣬴绰ȥҶǸʱҲͷϣ͸ȥ
ղţӺ˹Ҽ棬ٴǿӲҪȥǸҾܾ˵˼Ҷ⣬ȻҪ顣˵ΪҶеһУ
˵һֲҿˣ͸ԸȥҶǸִҪ顣֣Ҳһʱ嶯֪ˣȰȰ껡
ҵ绰
Ҷδֻ̬ȵ绰
֪ˣ֡һȴʶȤû˵ʲô
ͬʱྩĳĺԺҶҶϵ绰󣬱ֱӲͨҶ껵ĵ绰־Щף룬ϵĺɫť
׳
ܿ죬һ𱣻Ҷȫ׻֯Ա鷿
׼ѧһҶҲԼİҶȼҶҺĳԱıڶ׻֯ͷ
ү˯𣿡Ҷʡ
꾩磬Ҫ˯ˡ
ȥɡ
Ҷԣñ뿪߳鷿߽ĺԺԺ
νԺʵһĺԺҶסĺԺǴͨģҶҶ롢Ҷ̫үҶԶɽס
͵ҶǰȥҶ̫үҶԶɽͬʱҶھƵ긺ľսͬ£߳˾Ƶֱ꣬ԼH7ר
ͬʱҶ껲쾲Ҳ߳˾Ƶ꣬иԼδᡣ
ܿ죬Ҷ껽H7γδ̴ķ̲סԼȥô
ž
ûд𰸣ûϰҶ껣Ϊصȼһ֧̣
Ҷ껵ıʮָӣеġǲ֪롣
ܹµҶΪ֪࣬ʮ⡣
Ҷӣ˵ײɡִ
һ£ʵڲ֪Ҷ֮󣬸˵ʲô
Ǹô
Ҷ껿ⲻҶҪġ
ô
ĻȻһЩЩʵȷԼȨ氮֮ѡǰߣҶž޴ѹģҶڶ˵Լѡ

һ֧ȼʱҶ̲ס̾˿շȥҶͷ
ΪʱȥҶʱ
ˡˡ
͵Ҷʱֻ𶯵
ҶֻһȻҶ̫үҶԶɽ鷿绰
Ҷ껵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻµҶԶɽԼ绰ԭ
үү
룬Ҷ껽ͨ˵绰ʺá
껣С飬Ѿ˵ˡ
ͬҶ룬ҶԶɽֱ˸ղŵ飬СЩͷѵһҲӦõģˡ
үүҲôСⱲӶˡҶü
ôأҶԶɽЩš
үү֪Ҳ˶СϽ˵飬Щ㲢֪Ҳ˽С
Ҷ껳һСϣǿҵȨƣҲҶңΪ壬֮ǰΪõϿж
ҶԶɽĬ
ɽׯ¼֪ҪΪƣֹһδ绰ҲҪôðž޴ķգΪ֤޸񡣡
Ҷ껼⣬֮˵ҵȨƣҲûҶңΪǸʱ
ʲôʱҶԶɽ˺档
аͽܣҶ껽ҿյס
ԭˣ
ҶԶɽͫ΢΢Ŵ˼˵׻֮֯ԸҶֳͷ׼ңΪ˵Ϊˡ
үү
ۿҶԶɽһ±³еè壬Ҷ껵Ҳûие֣ϾҶܹΪĵһţȫƾҶԶɽĴʹǻۡ
ɣСȥСǸҲԣԺһ硣
ҶԶɽĬ˽ӣŵ⣬Сӽ󣬾ԲһҶҳԱȥ鷳صҶңҶҵĴʱΪҶҵԴʹã

ҶҶԶɽ֪Ҷʵ󣬻ҶҶңû뵽ҶԶɽȻῪ
ϾҶҵĴԱ֮Уû˿ӵߵĴ
Ҷ֮УҲֻŵҶҵӰѡӵĴ
껣ҶĳŵҲǶĳŵ
ƺܹµҶ껵飬ҶԶɽ̾˿ҵҪܼ򵥣֮²Ҫ̸ˣ˿ЦҲȶ֮⣬ǼӪ˴ġҲϣ˵ʲô;֮ƨǲεı֣Ҳһ˸еĵ
үүҡ
ймңǸˡ
ҶԶɽҶ껵ĻһӺɷ򣬿жŮ鳤Ӣ̣ͥȻҪҪԵ壬ҪԵҡȱŮ鳤ͥѪģ
껽үү̻塣
ҶͷһѡЭһҶԶɽ˵ʵһ棬Ҳ֪ҶԶɽҶܹһУ
Ҫʧ
ҶԶɽ̾˿ȻҶ˵绰
֣ô׵ôۿͨҶɻʵ
ҶԶɽ˫ԭǵﾫ˸һ۽߶ȣȾ֣ҵģ




223 ֮¶֮˪
ҹɽһƬ
վڶľǶľıСԺſڣΧһУ׼ȷ˵ڸӦľϢ
Ѿվ˺üСʱˣɲľӰ
ѵľİϮʧˣ
űСԺϸ΢ˮɽ·̲סԼ
ˡˡ
شӵֻ𶯵ǰ塣
ľûȥ
绰ͨʵЩѾĵ绰ˡ
ǵģ١ľʵ
˰ɣʳеĵǡ
հ˵ľѾͻ쾳磬мȺ«ʵ͵ϮҶҰ֣ӦòʧֲŶԡ
˵ţ˵ԼĲ²⣬ʧֻֿ֣ܡһǸҰĿǰδ̴ڶľ˳
㲻˵ûиǸҰһͬ뿪ôԣЩķҡ
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Ƭ̺ĸһϵ·˲䱻ѣȫǱһ㣬һƬͨ죬ȥΪˡ

һĻԺſڵս۾õԲ۾ԺԼгæסͣһؿš
ܿ죬ս۵עУԭͨϳ˺ɫ۹۹뺹ˮӻʡ
Ҷ˵ǽڵۻųɣһĻս뵽Ҷѧ֪ʶ˼
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ҶסУҪȫΣκεֿṦһֿĻֻԺֲĻʧأӶǿпһĻǸӡ޷պӰ졣
İɣҶ磬ҶΣ㾡ҵ񣡡սֿЦظĵֱ졣

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ۿսҪѧ椣ҶһͷߣȻʣգ

Ҷôһʣս۰ԼͿţԲ𰡣Ҷ磬ҲˣǼһӣ˼㣬صҴμվۻᡣ
μӾۻҪǰɣҶûвμӹվۻᣬ˵һ˵ս֤
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뵽ŷ˵ս۵ŭֱͷΪ˹ONE-77ţˣǿźɫҩܻʮ˹ONE-77Ų

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˼һ㣬һŵǿźڲҩ裬Ǹо·ʣܻʮֵǧİ˹ONE-77
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ԭͨͽսۣսΪԼ˵еҶղŲҶһƵؾҶ
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ۿ֮ǰֺŷһèһ㣬һŵѪɫ̱ڵأЩͨѧҶݳ˺档
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Ҷ֮ǰͬ˹˹ӰԪ׼μӾۻᣬӰۻգʱһĻ룬˵עУ첽ŷȥ
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ŷҲǾĿɿڴԺֳ︡ղŷĵεΣһҶĿ⣬һ飺ԼϴˣҶѹͲмƽϣ
ǸҰ㵱ŷҵһˣҲҶǸˣŷж
ò˵ŷӦΪ˵ãҶͼ󣬲ҶͼһԼһһ̨ףø˶ְҶƨ
ŷĻǼӸȻӾлعѸվҪҶ
ŷƺϵһĻƵģżӸգ۾
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ŷ֮ǰҶ˵ʲôȴǷֹҶҹӸŰ衢ĺôȥ£
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Happy Birthday to you
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Happy Birthday to you
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Happy Birthday to you
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һУҶӵǿĿڡܸɡεֻСһȣµֵ˲䰺ԴСϡ

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˵˸ղ޷˵Ļдʹࡣ
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232 Ŵ
峿һĨϼᴩʵʱϥڱСԺʯϵҶ˫ۣһҹڤ롣
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֮⣬ҲȡһĽñ֮ǰΪ˵˽ʮ֮һҲڲ֪бôһЩ
ΪɽׯϿԪ棬ÿСǼӵ˲Ԫٴεõƣͷɽׯʱ˲٣֫ǿ׳ȫ˱ǡ
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˾ͽˮĻһ䣬鲻Խɨ˾ͽˮϵ
ǸҶӶľϰģķѲپ˵ͼ͸˾ͽˮ˾ͽˮͨ߶һЩС
ŷҶƳ˾йԵķ䣬洢ɷ֮洢Ҷľ
ŷȫѪֻҪһԴ߶
ڵҶǸɫҩƿװơ嵤ķĩ費Իָ񣬶ҲʵЧֻЧԶԶ嵤
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һĻһǷһĻȣ


234 ڵϦ
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쳣˾ͽˮæסһŵʵ

ش˾ͽˮһǵղһŭͻȻ֮ͨ죬Ŀ룬ŴҵظԼʵز
ţ
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вԼͬӿһͷôˣ
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·Ϊ˻ӦƵģֻйɻȼգӶȻüΪ̣ţ˫ʶ˺Լ·ҪڽԼ·˺顣
ʦңһ̤ɾ磬ڼʱԷ𣬿ȷʵˡ
ۿʧĺ֮УЦֹղżװΪϵĻҳʱ򣬹Ѩ֮ϣȻϢش߶˾á˲
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ŭ˾ͽˮٴλͷĿͶȻԽԽ˵ʶԼȼ䣬׼ο
ľٶ˾ͽˮȻ뵽Ҷ˵ѵľοԼ
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˾ͽˮĴһͷһƵģһ㶡

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˾ͽˮĻҶһµʲôæʵģ
XX·˾ͽˮ̧ͷһ·ƣɿ˵
ˮţԣҪϸϹȥ֪ص㣬Ҷæ
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ۿϻָѪɫ֮ǰѵҶҽǿ˼飬ĿɿڴǸо·˵⡭ⲻܣ
~
ҽõһƺΪԼ˻þæ۾ҡԴͼԼͷѣԱڿøһЩ
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236 ˹ײĲ
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촫յĵ˲䱻飬类ɵİһ㵹ɶѪ磡




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һĻԺֳ︡ղһУΧΧ۵˾͹ۣһܣԭأһ
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Ȼšħ֮ķʽ԰ԣǴ׹Գ״ݻٰľ־ð÷

˰ɼɽׯ·鷿
֣Ӧشĸ׵ĴˣҲȥ롮ʯ塯ͨĳ·ЦһȻóֻͨĵ绰
٣Ϣˣ绰ͨȲʵ
š
·ЦŵҸղҵȡϵѾ񣬽ǼֺŮͳͳͽ

еİ壬ȻϢһȻǴһޱơһ㣬ͷһˬ˷ܵл٣
лͲˣٲҪǳŵͺá
·һЦǸоɱҶ͸һֻһ򵥣ǸֻһֻQưˣǵĹͬĿӦǽҶҶҿ̨
ٷģһһĴ𸴡Ц
ãڴһְ֮ѾԻ·ЦЦ԰ĳƺҲˡ
Ȼѧһ;ŵӹﲢô壬Ҳ֪׻֯ͻѧ·ǿģ׳µҶҿ̨׼ҵ
Ҳڴһ졣ϵЦݸˣһܿͻˣ
Ǻǣף˯þ·ЦЦͨ
ټ
˵ţҶϵ绰¶ʤ߶еЦݣҶҰ֣ҳϣ¹¼͹յ޴棬ʲôأҶԣֻҪţûˣȥȡŮûˣԻЩ۵ļŮֻܵԧˣ

˵󣬰˫ȭգǵʧķһЪ˹شЦ
һ̡
һ仰
ЦĲӮң


251 ײĲ

ɫԺһС¥Ц˫ۣЦ˹ϲŵЦݡ
׻˵˼ҹ룬˰
Ӻ󣬰ʶѣ˸ղŵΣҶһ͹һǰģЦţýŲҶ鸩ϡ
ҶҰ֣ҿͷүүҲŹ㡣
еĳԺ֣︡ϵĵЦݸŨǸоǳ˲ιһͷŶˬ͸ˡ
£һûӣʵʼ۸ԶȰٴʫٵƷƸŵֱȻѾ˵ˡ
֣΢΢ЩȻ
ΪΪ˱ⱻץѱԴӴ֮δϰٵ
ȻٵĽƣ岢⣬ǲشֱ´
ð
ĵ⵱͸΢ЦŸ̾ЦݿȥȴΪá
ʮӺϴˢϡİŹİ߳
ү
ſڣɫװѵȺʱæӭϡ
壬ûʲôϢ
Ϊ·֮󣬰׹صش绰壬ǧ̡ϽգΪˣ岢ûнԼ嶯֮ϵ·ɱҶӡ
үСǱʱûϢСŹԱ˼ûгʶΪʹյ飬æص
Ŷ
ԣνӦһȴǰԼ˵ҶҰֱɱϢӦô˰ѵ·˽ɽׯ˶ˣһʬˣ
Ӧ
뵽·绰ԼҶѾ϶ԼĲ²⡣
Ӻ󣬰H7ר뿪Ժ
ר־ؿ룬ӹİóֻͨĵ绰һ»־־ֳ칫ҵĵ绰ֻϡ
ǣΡ
æһӺ㽫뷢˰ֻϡ
򿪶ţֱͣӲͨ˵绰
ιá绰ͨͲдһʮ
ã¾ֳǰ塣Աš
ãΡ
Ļ绰ͷĳ¾ֳһ£漴ع񣬿ػӦš
¾ֳģ˽һ»Ϯ½չ˿Լ绰Ŀģżɽص
⡭
¾ֳЩΪѣ򣬰ûʸ˽ⰸչģ˹չϵͬѰӦûرܡ
¾ֳֻ˽һѣô
ˣƾְλһССķ־ֳӦýүүһţοͷŰ׼Ҵ١춦᳤ֲĹ⻷
ΣĿǰ˵ľԱ˲мûг
ǲ˰ŭ⣬¾ֳԥʵشȻϹ涨ٱȵҪǿö࣡
ͣһ£ֵ㰲һ£Ҫͨ绰
ΣܲС¾ֳһɫ
ôУƱˡ
Զӣָʾڽ᰸֮ǰϽκС桢ͨ
¾ֳΪѵؽ͵֮⣬־һͬԹСʮСʱأСͨ绰ᱻȫ̿ġ
ߣ
岻õһȻֲ취תգ˵ܿ
ৣ
ŵĻ¾ֳɫһ䣬˵ʲôȴѹҶ˵绰
ѡѵ׼ӪҪȫˣ
Ͳﴫġཡ¾ֳ̲סԼԭ𾪵ı鵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ǿηη壬η׼ң
붫˵ȻҸҶҰִһӣҿĺҲûˣ
ͬʱH7γһŭ⣬Ȼ֪Ҷܹ˳Ϊ½̸Ƿ붫Զε飬Ա붫վҶǱߵġ
ˡˡ
Űŭ£ֻ𶯵𣬰óֻһһ۱㿴ǰ׹ε硣
ѡѵҶҰֱɱϢˣ
һȻ룬ͨ˵绰֡
ҽУҲμһ¡׹ε
Ҫʡ
Ѿˣǰί·ϡ
׹˵ţֽ͵ЩΪǼĹײС飬ǶҪʾʲôԣǢ̸ޡЯֺͬչΪڣصΪС
֪ˡ
⣬үүڵ绰һ£ڶ岻ˣȥг׼⣬¸¾͵ˡ׹ֵ

Բһ
֪Ҫǰྩĳְ߲֪Լ·ŶƽļƻҪˣڿʲôʱ׹һ飬ȴû뵽׹ǰΪ뵽ˣ
Ϊѵõǣ׹οеǶԱʡľôУݵζݡλǶƽ壬Զڵְλ
ο֪ݵһѵ˾ӶߵֻͣҪжʱĶƽ𣬱ȡ֮
ˣϴθ˵Ļ㶼ŰɣûȥСյɣۿ岻˵׹뵽ʲôЩĵʵ
ûûСһʶػţȻ°׹λɣлл֡
ûоͺá׹ԣҵ绰
á
˿һ˷ܣȻͨµ˰׹ε⣬һգҪ飬֮עǽٲ׻˵ĺãһշްնһһ
˵붫Ҷһӵ飬ߵ붫ұ֤ܿͻڵΪ
ˡˡ
ڰеεͬʱֻٴ硣
˵
ͨ绰קøƵġ
Σ׻֯´ҪҴ绰֪ͨ뵽׻֯´ֻùЩ
Ļһ׻֯Ѿ֪ҶɱϢˡ
һеͬʱ뵽Լ֮޷죬û¶ţҲûие£෴Щм·ϣš
£ֱӹҶ˵绰
ΪҪ绰֪ͨԼصλðܲˬΪˣ岻ûмŸϻصλڷصλûֱȥֱͣӻصԼİ칫ңȥ͹
ΣôĹ
İ칫ң뵽Լһͷ˵ҪԹ壬Ц
ˣҸսţС˵ڰ칫ңΪҵİ칫ҡЦŴŹȻѵǸʲôԵģ
壬СϷ㻹ɣûȤƽϡһЦݣڿӱݣǻ˵°ɡ
Сȥݱ衣
ָʾԺҪشˣˣΣ㻹ֱӸ߰ɡ
ߣȥһ
ʲôѵԼ֪ô
ɫһ䣬ȻװɵΣҲ˵ʲô
㻹ǲײĲᰡ
ͶȻɭ֤֤㹴ᾳӶɱŶ³ҶΥ׻֯Ĺ涨ΣңҪȥ




252 õ
ৣ
ĴĻһڰը죬ɫʱ䣡
칫ǰǱʩħһ㣬ӽӲԭأһؿͣǸо·ʣô֪ģ
ˣ
ش䶯
ſڣ鱾Ҫȥݲ裬͵Ļŵͣ½ŲֻǹǦƵģҲ޷ֺд˾
~
䶯һصԼδشͣǶһȥ
ǡǣΡ
龪ŵصͷһ뿪˰칫ҡ
ΣҲ֪ǴϢҿԺܿ϶ظ㣬ûе飡
ò˵Ϊ׼Ҵٵİ壬ʻǲģڶݵľŹıָͷҲࡣ
ΪԼ֪ˣͲмЦˡ
ΣҵݣΥҼ͵𣿡
ʮֲ뵽Լû¶ţ򶨵ϣβҪһЩҥԺͼƭˡ
ۿӲͱó֤ݣȴ⴫˼ٵĽŲһߵϢԶ
֨
Ӻ󣬰칫űƿһŵŶ롣
١
ΪϢԵʣӲδӦ͵ϢΪˣźʶҪ㱨ʲôڳӲؽߵĻʻ˶
壬𣿡
֪ΪΣۿһȵӷشԼİ칫ңѹƵĿ־ֱûȥӵðʧ
ˡˡ
Ӧֻ𶯵͵ϡ
̧󣬿˿ϵͨѶͨͲе´µĻ㱨ΣƵˡ
֪ˡ
ԣһҶĽ
û´Ļ߰ΣϳιƵɣͨͳӵ

Զԣɫ൱ѿ
ʲʲôƵ޷αװˣ۽Ǽ˵ᵽɤϡ
Ҫ֤ݡ͵Ϊ˳ģҿԸһʱ䣬
~~
ٴ͵Ļи߰壬·ɱҶ鱩¶ˣĺü͵ؽĿͶӣͼͨӵı仯ж˵Ƿʵ
һı顣
⣡
֣ðͷһ漴ðQοԼܣԲܱ¶
ŶҲˣ칫ϽͨģֱӰƵɡۿԭأһ뵽ʲô΢ЦŽһݵǰ
ˣ
͵Ĵһ䶯΢΢Ǹо·͸ףʱὫը÷ǡ
β뿴Ļ߰ɣͼ״ȻϷˣûʲô˼Ű뿪
ûлش𣬰ץס˴
Ժ͵עУۣŴɿش˰칫õĵԣŲ˴
Ǹо伱۵ĶĹһ㣬ĿĽ
ܿģԴ򿪣ŵ㿪˴ȻƵļǣ年ᾳ֤ݡ
Ƶļ֣һȻʶص㿪Ƶ
Ƶ򿪣Ļϳ˰칫ҵĻ棬Уֻ鼤ŭزŵ绰
~
һĻ뵽Լճ嶯֮¸·绰飬ǰһڣ˹ȥ
ã٣ǰ塣
ã״٣֪ô绰ʲô

Ժ󣬲ȰӾлع񣬰嵱·ͨͨش˰ĶС
ô
ŵյĶԻĻԼԼ
ûд𰸡
ɵһ㣬ؿŵԻ棬ֱƵ
ΣҪƵ𣿡ͼ״ߵ칫ǰʵ

ȫ͵ĻҵײĵĶͽһ㣬ֵ㿪˵ڶƵ
ͬһƵһڶƵȻ·绰ĳ졣
ܿ죬ڶƵֹʹص㿪˵Ƶ
֣ɴͨ˫ۣȻ£༸һģһڵϡ
˭ɱҵģ
Ƶﴫ˵һеϤҶġ
Ҷѯʣʯ塢ʯ˳Ĭһ翹ͷĿ˷ŭ벻м
а׼Ҵٰ̫ү·ͨƵ˵˵ʵûйϵ
Ȼûлش
Ƕ˵׻֯ѶֶΣǿкְܶ취ǿڡ
Ҷٴ𣬡˵׻֯׿ͨɰֶﷸļ䣬ţ൱ǿ˺ﷸ꣬ӴļѰҪϢ
ҸһλᣬȻѡĬھͽǽ׻֯׻֯Ѷǡ
Ҫ˵˵Уʯ뱻סˣ׼й
ʯ룬죡ʯŭȣ˺
磬ѵҪ尾֮𣿡
ʯһսľ˵ûǰ׼Ұϵɱ㣬ȻǱĶʵʩɱ
δ𡭡
循ûëէ亹ǲҪǮƵشӶͷŲ԰׵ӻ䣬ڼϣࡣ
ǰûȥˮ˲䱻һ㣬̱ϣһд˾֣
֣Ϊ֪ƾƵᾳɱҶ齫Ϊ֤
ᾳǻĹٳԱ֮һ֮
ڰгſ־ͬʱȴЦˣڳЦ岻ظҶӣΪҶĻڿеȤһƵֱ֮ʣ
һ棬ҶŻ˵Ļ̫һ棬ҲòϣҶΪ󡮹ʡʵԣʯ塢ʯ̵ֿνǷѾ˼
ΣΪάҽԼߣأ΢ЦͰεʵ
ûзӦǶʧһ㣬˫ض컨壬ϵظһ仰ΪʲôΪʲô
ৣ
·Ϊ˻شƵģͲԥһץסĲӣСһ㽫𣬴ſڡ
һĻʶ뵽͵ݺʵַͷ
ͬʱһİƺûӴлδ
֨
Ժ󣬰칫űޱŰ߳
ৡ
ٰ칫Ա߶ͻȻ칫ű򿪵ؽĿͶ˹ȥ

һ̡
ļ
Щ칫Աǿ˼һ㣬һؿǰһĻȫһɻ⣺סôˣ
ûд𰸡
һһŰ壬ǲ
涨
һ̡
Ŭɫ԰ס˫ĿİǸ緢һİΡ׼Ҵ١춦᳤ֲϵһ
ǡ
ŬӰ޷ص
õһ䡣


253 ܿܣԸ
šſң
ţţеİ壬ƺһԾĿ⣬ȻӴлعһһ߶ͺ
ৣ
ûлشֱɿ˰塣
顪
⧲ֱˤڵϣ˸ʺòǱ

һĻЩǻع񣬶һؿͣǸо·ʣһ˵ҪôţʱŸԴ壿
һĿ⣬Ͳɰ̾˿ԣҶӳ׽ˣ԰׼ҲԲԴ塣
ԡ͡
̾ͬʱϣһµӵŭĿ͡
ȫӰŭ⣬ЦŴϰĻΣҸղ˵ˣΪ˹˼棬Լߣ㲻ߣֻôˡڸղţҷſġ
㡭ָͣûιȥ
߰ɣΡ
Цеһƣ̬ȻߵĻ;Իǿд
һеͬʱûûȤǰˣǱظ͵
칫ſڣӿһĻһתذ칫ңóֻͨһ绰
ι
ʦ𣿡
ڣôˣ
绰ͷΪ׹˾汨ͨһ߼ʻһüʵ
ٳˣҪ֪ͨûзϻֱ⡣
ã
ͨһȻæӦ٣ֻݸűĿİ׹Σǣ˵ٳˣҪͨ
ৣ
ͨĻ׹Ȼ˫ۣһ䣬һѽӹֻüͷСôˣ
ǣٸղű׻֯´ĸʹˡЩػص
ʲʲô
׹һȻжʱ뵽ʲôȴŵʵΪʲôС壿ѵΥ׻֯涨Ҷ껵Ķˣ
ǵģǡ
ˣ
һ׼õӵ֤ʵ׹һ࣬ŭһȻʵô£
ǣιڰٵƵ˾֪ˡ
ԣ뿪ڽͣΪ̫ӣһʱͲֻð׹ԼƵ
Ƶ
׹һ˵ֱӹҶϵ绰Ȼֻͨҳ棬Բ˰֡
ಡ
һ죬֡
͹ᾳŶ³
Ա뾳ᣬڣ

öӱ⣬׹ѪԴûιȥ
漴ǿŭ⣬ָ΢΢ص㿪˵һӣȻƵӡ
ûԥ׹ֱӵһƵ
ݵĻ壬Ƶ򿪣嶯֮´绰ϵ·ĶԻ֣Իͨԭĳ

Ȼ·ĶԻ𿪳ͨ΢ţ֮䣬㽫̻
⡭׳գ
ͬʱ׹ҧгݵŭòҵֻ
Ժǿŭ⽫һƵ꣬ǵڶΡΡ
~
Ƶʯ塢ʯֵ֤֤ܶίг·ǰɱҶ󣬰׹κԼ٣ˣüͷšһγһ״
˵Ƶ年ᾳɱ˽Ϊ֤
֮⣬۽͸֣ȻóŪûǣҶң
ȥ׻֯´죡
һ㣬ŭȼյİ׹νؿԼٵضͨ
ǣǣ
ͨȻûпƵ棬ͨƵĶԻҲжϳԣΪˣһʱһ½ź䵽ףֱ׻֯´ȥ
ɽׯ
ܰ˾ͽˮΪΣһ뿪УܰȥɽŶֲ˾ͽˮȥѧУֻг
ɽׯһվ̨ϣҶıͨһ绰
С֪𣿡
绰Ҷ껴ģղŵ֪˰年鰵ɱҶ飬ͼҶĵ绰ͨǽ绰˳
ȻҾڰɽׯЦ
~
ĻشҶʶΪǳҶԸʯ塢ʯˣ˿ʵ㲼ģС

뵽Ҷµ֣Ҳǰ棬޲ڵǸŮº㿪ʼˡԱ֮ʩԸŮգӶŭ壬ð֣һŽ߽Ԩֻۣɱ
ȻҲðգڣΣաҶ껰޵ͬʱҲЩ¡
Σգ
Цӿûôִֵеֻһ͡
ͣҶһ˵СԶԸģ
ûԭһʼҲģϾ˲ϻµصľѧӰħնŵظңԼԸ㶨Ҿͷȥˡ
뵽Ҷʯ塢ʯ˼սΣһø߼֤

Ҷ껴ˣʵ޷Ҷڶ̶ʱӵʵġ
Ͼճ˵ҶȵڰɽׯĻٵʱֱǿ̫̫ˡ
ȻģҴڹҶ껲˵յЦ
˵Ҷһ
һᣬҴȥ׻֯¼Цֻꡣ
Ҷ껻Ȼ򣺡׻֪֯ǰУ
ţΪСٰдʣҴ躹ޡ
˵ϵЦݸӲˣʱЩνѧҲãЩָԼͽϹҲգСɱķ󣬱һǳʣ
ҲãҲ£â¶վʲô¡ҶϿ˳Ľ顣
ϵˣҪͨ𣿡Ҷ˹˹ӰԪ׼űʻͻȻʵ
˰ɡ
ҶԣԺﲻֳҶ̴ſڼĳĬΣջǾܾ˵飬ֱӹҶ˵绰

̾˿Ȼ룬һֻһԾ̨£ƮȻء
ܿ죬Ҷϵͣ˳ǰ
ղҶ껴绰ңѯ顣ˣǸ绰ģͨʹˡ
֪ûˣһʱ𾪣Ҳܼ
Ŷ
ҶԣĬ˺ü֮Ŷһ
ȥ⣬Ƿ۽Ǽʹڷ΢΢˫֣ʵ飡
Ӻ˹˹ӰԪ׼ʻɽׯʻ׻֯´
ҶʻԼһε׻֯´Ρ
һΡ
ɷݱҶûиȥĻΪ˾˷һ׼Ƶľ
졣
ʤߵٴǰҶΪе




254 ӥϹۣ˧
ʮӵʱʹŰȻص׻֯´Զ԰Ѷ
Σ
ѶңָָǸɾִϻʣʾ
ͣ㡭
ԭ׻֯´·ѻָ˼侲Լڷϻϣŭһϴڡ
һЦ壬µ񣬲ҪҰʲôӣҲһס
ͣܺáǿѹŭ⣬ɫϻʡ
øˡ
ֹ˼¼ԱҪΪľٶϾֻǸ޴缦֮ͨˣûΣտԡ
ԣɫ΢תһЩ
壬ҶѶʵشΪ̬ȽӰ쵽оء
ޱƵ֤ĵ֯˶ӳ·ᣬװɱ輯Ŷ³Ҷδû飿
ΪְԱôʶͷĿ
طʣѻָ侲֪ζܳϣĻ׼Ҳϧһ۾ͽ͵ġ
ֻҪҧϵĻ׼ҵ֪Ϣ󣬶취顣
㲻ʶϴӳ·Ļôڰ칫ͨƺ뵽˰̵ֿͲûжŭ
ǱݺģƵ˸ͲңԷϡ
˭
ִƼôݺҵȫPSȼͷ棬ݺңдʵ
壬µ㻹
ͼЦ칫ڲƵȷͨǰ˰칫ҡݾ׻֯ϢԱļƵ˾㣡
˵ˣңҲ֪ʲôҲʶ˵ĳ·ͦ
壬֮ǰѹ㣬̬ȽӰоأһ飬ûйϴӳ·װɱ輯Ŷ³Ҷظʵ
ûУܸɴҡͷ
εΡ
һΣ˵ʲôѶϵߵ
ôˣߵͨ
Σĸװ׹ˣҪһ׻֯Ա㱨
Ѷҡ
ָʾȻжͨЦؿŰ壬֮ԷһУΪֻҪ㲻а׼ҳ㣬֤ȷ䣬׻֯Ҳ޷㶨ǰɣ
֮ǰѾ˵úˡȻѡװɵüĿ֮ȴ¶˼ϲɫ
ͼ״һЦٶ˵
顪
ܿ죬Ѷҵű졣
¼ԱŤͷͣ͵ͷȥš
֨
һ죬ѶҵŴ򿪣׹γͺͰ
ɲǼ䡣
һֽڰӿ֣شϻվҪڣ׹κݺݵһֽۣߵĻʻ˶
Σá׹΢Цǰʹк˵֡
ãǡվɫ׹֡
ΣҸղ˰飬أԤ참ֽ׹ֵ
ǵ˼ǣʡ
ع涨ΪĸףӦûرܴ˴ΰ
׹һΪ׵ģҲҵĶӻ顣ϾСõĽͼѵҵֽ֯ĽΪһɲ۴κνǶ˵飡
ǣܹ顣ĳ˵ҲŰֻƵ飡
ʹŹǻ¶Ҫ֤ݣǰӸƾ֤˵֤֤ȷᾳӶ߰ɱ輯Ŷ³Ҷδ
ɣΣܷҺ̸̸׹˵˴Ŀġ
ǣ֮ǰҲ˵ˣչ涨ӷĸףӦûرܡͼӸ𸴡
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׹ԣͷֻ׿ڸҡ֪֯ʲôҶһ֧֣
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׻֯⣬ҲֻǶĸ˶ѣۼݸ޷Ტۣ
ԭΪ׻֯Ͱ׼ϴΰɽׯһСìܣ鶼ȥˣֻҪŵ̬˵˵ûͻ嵥̸˭֪Ѳ˵ȻҪϱܲ
ΣαҪôأ
׹αˣһ͵̬òᣬΪҪǣð֪ԣǣ׼ң
ιǣǳв
԰׹εŭδȵͿڻشһöȴ˼ϷŰ
䣬֣
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У׹ЩȣȳҶΪʲôͻȻ֣֮࣬мֵǣǸղŵ鱻ȥ
ԭΪ׹γЩİ壬˲䱻ŭһ㣬ǺصҶ޲ǰҶң
׻˵壬ǣǣǺαأ׹β˵ֻش̼
ԲС㣬Ҳʶ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôŭ죬׹λǿѹסŭ⣬Ӹµؿų
Ϊһ֣߸ϣôʶСأ
ЦҼǵõɽׯСѺҶ껲ûҪ棬ѹûΣĳ˵ĶӸձȲظ˹飬˰
~
׹ԣɫֱ࣬
죬ˣ
忴Ҷ֮󣬱ŭ죬ֻǰڰ׹ڳûзʱۿ԰׹䳰ȷŭһ
ΣΪܺߣΪΪĳЩزܱ׻֯ʧȥ
ۿҶ΢΢۾ɫҲǰྩ׻֯ܲϸ棡
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ؿҶһۣȻֶ԰׹´ǣع涨Ȩ˴ΰҲӷ棬뿪
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ۿҶɫá涨ɱˣ׹ŭЦĿ޲ýҶˡ
Ķӻ򶴣׵Ҳ
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ৣ
ٴ׹εĻ⵽һ㣬һ𣬶ϵķŭȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ǿ
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ģǸʵ̫ˣͬСأʻѲЩŭ
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ܹողɱ˵鱩¶ˣ֤ʵ֮Ժ˲һƬհףϵĸ߸ϱ鵴Ȼ޴棬һһԭأɵˡ
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ҲΪֻǼ̫ƵᱻΪסľƵԭ򡪡ǶίרӴľƵ꣡
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׹λڣΪͳһжҶǸ˽µȦףС˽ȥ֤ȷ䡣
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Σᾳζʲôѵ㲻֪𣿡
׹ζȻŭⰻȻǳ췢ʵΪ巸´ɶջ

죬Զԡ
Ϊ׼ҵĴϱȻҲ֪ᾳɽͷǹٳ˾Բ֮
ȥ׻֯´ĿĲҪ۵塣
׹ٴοڣԽ˵Խ𣬡˭֪ӣûпҵⲻ˵Ȼô˵˵׼ҲŹǸҶҰֵĻⲻǴ˵˸ˣͰ׼й𣿡
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~
˰׹һϯؿڵŭɢһЩ³һԲ̫嶯ˡ
ɽڣûգһ죬һˣ
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257 ̨ǰĻ
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һĵ磬ɽׯЩԱȴûиܵů෴ǴϿʼɽׯϿһϢľĸо䡣
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塪
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ո׻֯ŷ˾ͰɱҶǸһٿŷᣬȫýӽеٸǱ뻪Ϊ׻֯ϧһд۽֯Щη

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Ľʥԣʶ˵ͷȻһ㶣ѵҶ껵˽ӹϵܺã




262 ڤڤ֮а
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ܿĽʥİ⣬ĽʥԥسϣĽݹȶЩȻȻ֮࣬üͷҲ֪Щʲô
֣ҴȥĽݹȲ˵Ľʥֵ
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֣֮ʦֳȥǴ顣
Ľʥ˵ʾҶ˽ӵĹϵܺãɱҶ껵˽ӣ϶ҡԹңܴӦҵ׷󡣡
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һУڽʡίԺ1űҶ껲֪顣
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ȥɣҪˣ̫ࡣ
Ҷ룬𸴣ȴ֪޵ڶ




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˵ȻǴְ㣬϶԰ָġ
˾ͽˮ˵ͷȻ֪Ϊ˱ٴ죬ǳں棬ʵ㣬˵Ҫӣѧڤ룬ΪʲôӦأ
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ΪԼΪң㶼Ҷޣǰһץס֣ƺߡ
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ۿĬٴεǸȻͼǰٴס֣ȴضڵϣԴȼ䣬ؿ

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ܵĪ̼һ㣬һƿ١
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ԣ΢ԥջǵ˵ͷ
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ͼ׷ϣһԵڵء
ûлӦһܣһ߿Ǳ÷ذ״ǧٿף۵Ժ


264 ҹԴ
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Ϊѧһ״Ԫ˾ͽˮ˱Ϊ˫ڶѧ൱ߣ˲֪˲
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ĽʥȻ֪ΪζҶǰΣΪޣȻȻһֶĳŵһ




265 ս飬޾壡
ٴĽʥĻüûٳѿ֮һתߡ
㡭㲻ң
ĽʥıӰ󺰣Ųδͣɫһ䣬˫ȭյø¸ֱ죬üĿ֮価ŭ⣬аݣ죬һ֪ǰǺεȵĲһ
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Ľʥһ߸ϣĵؿЩѧһۣȻһΣʧ˵֮У˿Լľٶɺ䶯
ͬʱȻľȴûᣬǲ˲ϵۣһȷָƽ󣬲óֻͨҶĵ绰
Ҷ֪ҲҶǵһĻԲѡ绰֪ͨҶ

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ȻҶ֪ԼΪλĻ󣬵ǸԺɢȥĹϵ֮࣬ǰô򵥡
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ǸĽʥĿӣҪһЩڵԷʵǰѡǷӦս
ԣ֮ǰ֮ԳŻĽʥһȷʵǶҶʵģһΪѹһйڣʱ侲󣬶ЩҶİΣ
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սҶ޾壡




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뵽˴ǧмЦˣҶģһĻԭⲻشҶǩְɣñ֮гʲô⣬׻֯׷Ρ

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Ես飬ҶΪԼһУҶ̲ס˫ۣҲ˴˵Ķų򡣡


267 ˮ
Դĩѧ»ָ֮󣬸ѧɡ׷һЩнݣͬʱɡŵӺѡʺõӡ
䵱Ϊڼ֮ڣĩ˵ġĹ־Ϊζǧʷ
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˵ֻҪҳΪǿߣ㽫̫͸ҡ
Ľʥԣ۷⣬ǰһץ֮Ƶ̫һһһ죬һΪǿߣ죬ҾҶ˽ӵѪĥ

ĽʥĻǧһ㵣ƺҲû뵽䵱žȻŵҪ̫͸Ľʥ
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ҶȻս˫ȭһһһսҲܰܣҲܣ




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һͬʱЩһѪʵսʲôʱУ
ŵ㣬ڰɽׯ
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㡭˵ʲô
ǶԣĽʥе𾪼ֱ޷ݣԼ⡣
ûгֵĻˣ
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촫ŷĽʥĵһ±鲻˵·һȭͷѪѪ쭶ֱֲӽ÷

һĻĽݹ֮⣬ڣ˾ǵɴ۾һ˼ؿŰȻҶôģ




274 ǿ
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ûлش𣬻شǵĽݹȵ˻ֻŲһ٣һڿһѽĽʥ뻳С
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ĽݹȻУĽʥӲ³Ѫˮɫ԰ֽ٣Ŀɢ·ʱȥ
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ұ֤ᣬô
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Ľݹȵֽ˿У




275 סѨ
Ϊ벽ǿߣĽݹȺʿ̤žɲ壬ΪǿȡӣԲһЩйֶʮֹ졣
һʼҶɱУӰĽʥٶȡǶȣ֤һ㡣
ղţҶ̫նɱʵСǧٴ֤һ㣡
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ղѡøմţĹֶζԸҶҶûзĻᣡ
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ҶĻ뵽ҶǣĽݹȣҶʱǸƵģֵ͡׻֯Աѡ
ǿҶӵǣ֮ͬУλĿǰռһİ׼ѧŰ׵Ҳδܹȵϡ
ʥ飬עҪΪˣʹ࣬ѣ
˰ҶͬʱĽݹȴǺ޵ķǵЦͳͳҪᣡ
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նɱҶԣϣԼӵûг飬ܹ޸
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ĽݹΪһֱ䵱ɽչ׵˽٣ѹͲ֪˵İɽׯ¼ȻҲäĿ˵

ҶһŭؾܾΪԼĽʥ޸ȴЩ͵ĻˣüʵĿ޸񣿡
ҶЦش
ߣ
һĻвɰһ
ҶذĽݹȵӶѡܹݣұݿӰۼ
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һΥ׻֯涨Ԥ˴α䣬ҪҺҵأ׻֯º׷ΣҲΪҾϹǸ
ҶһӹɵĿǵڶǩԼԼ˫Ϊˣҳ־ӣӵǷһ飬֧㹻ı꣡
ãҴӦ㣡
Ľݹɫ࣬Ϊ˾ĽʥԸ⽫벽ǿߵȥιҶеı꣬˿⡣
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˴֮䣬ȴźܴ
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ʷǶõķ֮һʮԶһ¥֮ƣشϾ·Ƿ羰续԰
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Ҷ״С̣ʲôֱ˵ɡ
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ҶԣֱȣҴҶǸһǵĸ׵飬߱ǵСȥ顣
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ҶЦȻûĿĸڶʮǰǰҶʱĴ൱Լǰֳĸ߹̬Ҳƶϳ

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˵ĵڶĿİɡҶشҶĻ
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ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
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ߣǸҰкȭΣƾɽϸƵļƷмŰŰ
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һռԼаôĴмһӵĻ¯ܰһЩϡŹֵϡ
ҰĿռɫ۵Ĺɽϥڻ¯ǰ¯ð͵Ļ磬ӳŹɽͰ͵ӣէһȥ˼䡣
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ҶҽԪΪҶ̫үٰ110վۻᡣ
ʥϢѸײڶ֮ڻᴫ
һʱ䣬еȨȦ۷׷ףЩܹϽһ̲˵Ȩ׷ͨϢ׼ȷԣ֪˴Ҷ̫үվۻֻҶԼˣˡ
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ԪֻʱΪƶߵİ׹γھǲμӻĻᣬڰʱֻصͬżߵİ׼ҴԺ
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ںżԣĵλܶʱǺͼ˵״ȵģż˻ԽãԽʢ
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״ҶǧҪȥҶתһ룬־Ƕţ٣ֻա




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ףôϰɵˣ
峿󣬳ҶͣҶûǰȥԺϰɵЩ档
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ԣͳ飬Լкôͨ巺ףէһȥа׹Ʒʲס
ΪʵƣֻƵͼѵҪСƷݸҶЦеʵ
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ȻҶҶ̫ү
ϾҶϵĻعҶңһף˵ǲġ
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״ֱӾĿɿڴȫɵˡ
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ȻҶѾͷȷϣȻţֻǰһִҶĶͷ
Ҷ̾˿ɫӵȻҶǸϼһûʲôøУҿȥĻҰѿġ
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Сʱ˵飬ܸϵྩȥˣֱӵڵңһȥ
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ܣҶ˵Ҷĳ쾲ص⣬ҶȥҶҴԺ

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֣ǵ˵ɡҶΧˣ
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ӺҶ˹˹ӰԪ׼ڼʻλϣŤͷŸʻλϵҶ껣
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Ϊ֪ҶҶ֮ĽףҶʶΪҶΪѡعҶҡ
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Ȼ֪˵ҶѹҲ֪޷ڵģ綼ḡˮ档
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ŤͷҶͼ˵ʲôĻڣҶ֣֪кܲӦףҶҶйУҶ˵һԴܡ
š
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Ҷ״һᣬֵ֣㣬һΪΪףİҵӶԴΪҲϧ;ΪҪĴھΣ
Ҷ˵ϣҶ껵۽Ǽһ鲻Խؼӿ̵ٶȡ
ĳ˵ҶҶûдҶҵƶߣʲôԼΪ㡣ѡؼ;ҲΪҶ롣
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š
Ҷ˵ͷ³һҺС̷һҶңԭһҳ䵱ǰ䣬ΪҶҳ󣬴׼ҡڶҳ䵱ҶҵĴԱĥʯҲҪһ㣬ұʦ
ҪأҶʡ
ҪĲ࣬һҶҰҽӻĸϳȥΪһڶҶն˵

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֣ڵҶ˷ҳͻɣҶ
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С̸˵ұҶϿɣõҶҵȫ࣬ǶҶĴ
ҶҲһһڶˣұˣֻҪǲҵ鷳Ҳʲô

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οҲܹ뵽ĥʯƻڣ

ΪżߵĺԺҶҴԺĺԺɵģΪǰԺԺͺԺ
УԺҶ̫үҶԶɽľǰԺҶ̫үסԺʱʮ壬ΨҶҾۻʱŻ֡
͵ҶҶ껳齻̸ͬʱ֪ҶҪμҶҾۻ࣬ɫѿػصԺ
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ҶҴԺԺȥСҶ⣬ҶҵĴԱȫڳŮܹˡ
зֱҶ껵ĶҶףҶĶҶ켰ҶҵеҶľĶҶ档
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306 Ҷ 
͵ҶҶԶɽָʾǰǰԺͬʱǰԺ֮УҶ껡⣬ҶҵĴԱȺлع
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307 ٸн
ԺĺԺӵһԺӣԴʮҶԶɽסЩ꼸ûôװ޹ֻǽԺӺϲͨҶҴԺ
Ҷε˸е۷׷׵ʱҶҶ껸ҶԺ
ŵƹ⣬ҶԺһо۵ףԺһ˵أ˵زԶһڹž
С̫үũݺμӸ֮ǰԼֲ˳ԡв˶ûʣžľˮࡣ
ۿҶĿͶ˵غ͹žҶЦŵȻǶ죬ˮסˣûˡ
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Ҷ˵̫ү֣Ҷɫػص
Ҷԣ΢΢һ뵽Ҷ·񣬵Ҳûоֻ֣ȻһЦԼ̫ˡ
ҶҲףҶղǰΪҶͷҶҲֱӽҶҶԶɽ˵ġ
ϾΪ˻ȡҶϿɣνǷ˾ţ֮ײŴٳɡ
鷿Ҷһ۱㿴һͷ׵ߣľϣжһɰС
үү
Ҷ껵һʱҶԶɽϹ̬ȼΪء
أΪҶԶɽҶҵӰΪ֪ҶͨҶԶɽĴǻۡΪӪһ֮УΪ֮ףڵһŵϴôꡣ
ҶԶɽһݺսǣѶ뿪硣
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ʮֵҪҶ껲ֻǼ򵥵һһӸλɱȨڶɢ˫ƻǣʵĿӣη
ҶжҶԶɽԹʿǿҲҶԶɽȻȻ¶ƶеľ
ǹƣҶԶɽõ˵Ѫĥɣ־;ĺͼ֤İ仯ɣŨضѹȸС
˫ۣǿƽ棬ȴڿһ۵ʱ򣬱ֱĸоͷ·ϸһ㡣
һУòҶ̾ҶܹڶʮһͺڻĲżȻ
ӵеľǻۺԶԶǺƽЩԱģ
ҶҶҼǰѧ·ĺͯ
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ȻѾ֪Ǳ˴˺裬ҾͲˡ
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һ㣬ҴӦҰ֣ҲΪѡҶʣӸ𸴡
ҶԶɽ΢΢һڵ㣬˵Ҫӻĸϳȥһ¡飬Ҷһᾡֶܵδѹ飬˿ԳûԽǡ
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鷿
Ҷɴ۾һ㵡
ҶȦȡ
ҶԶɽٸн




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˵Դ˴֮飬ͨ˶ԣ޼֮

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ҶҶԶɽĿ̺ż־ȡû뵽Ҷͳ˹ص
С⣬ϲͺá
ҶӭҶԶɽĿ⣬赭д˵ţȴһذըը죡




309 ɿ
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һ棬ΪǸصĳɫʹڵĴڣЩرǿȡԶͬʿһʿ
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Ҷ֮¶ĺ⣬֪ҶΪˣҲеһľͷƤЩ飡
ݡ
һ˲䣬ǲԼͬ뵽ĸ֣


326 ɹ
ԲҶסˡľ䶨˶񣬳ص
鷳ǽͬʱõҶ״
ҶԣҲ֪˵ʵһƾǿ־ǿѹסɱ⣬˻Ƶ˵
á
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ԼĪӺ׻֯ԱҶ״Ҷǰ

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Ҷǵȼһ֧̣ٴ̾˿ϣ粻Ҫ󰡡
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кһ뵽ʲôЩɻ󣬡̤۷ߣˡ׻ȭɱС׻֮ŭһأʵսȫԲǿ߿⣬ôһٵģ

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˶Ϊ㸸ףȴ֪κ˶ں㸸׵;㾡ȫȨˣ
ԣһ꣬ͬҶһЦһ쵽Щ˶ѳӻ࣡ЩЦˣ٣ǵıǳʣ
ҶȻս˫ȭһڱصã
ᣲһϷȴΪԼ
״飬̲סĿͶ⣬ҶҴԺڵķһȥҶҴԺϷ




329 ǧָ 
Ȩ۷ĺǽԺԣҶҴԺżֻ߲͡
һҶǻĺĵһţΪҪǣҶҴԺסλ֤˻İ˥ƾǻۣһҶ͵춥ˡ
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ҶҴԺżںǽԺȻҲȥͨӵɵӿڣٵҶҴԺſڣҶҴԺԺﶼߡ
У֯ɳľԱ׻֯Ա⣬ҶԼɳѧ֣˰١
һ³ྩֵ죬ڵ磬ŵӵʱ򣬺ڰѳ˴ء
ҹĻ£ҶҴԺӵӿͣһ׻֯յר
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ҶڼʻλϣĿתضͨӿڵĵ·ȴҶҳԱĵ
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á
˶Ҷεİź顣
ΪȻΪҶҵӵҶΣΪԸ;ְеԵʣûгΪҶҵӰѡҶҵ֮˵߷
ͬҶ˵һʱҶĺH8γҶҴԺ·ϡ
ѾõرҶ뿪ǽԺİ칫󣬲δϵҶϸؽҶεĻ㱨˺ü顣
ȷ¼ÿһϸָ֮Ҷ壬Ȼó˽ֻͨҶĵ绰
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绰ܿͨͲдҶҶԱҶʱȻͬûоηеֻͬһĲ
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ҶԱͬҶ𲻵ûгѵҶ˵ҶεĻ㱨ֻ̬ȣԱܹҶ̸顣
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ðɡ
ҶüͷȴӿֳһõԤСԲҶ㱨




330 ǧָ 
ʮӵʱҶ˵ĵȴУŻţ֮һĶH8γʻҶҴԺڵӿڡ
;ݻԽҰʶȤͣ˾ӿڶ׵ĵط

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˵һŵֵǧ𡣵ȻӦǲ鷳Ȼ˵ڽ飬һ͡ҶԭⲻؽҶĻҶԶɽ

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ҶԶɽһɸ֣һҶңֻΪйһԹΪĸһǲûֹϣһһУеԹйȥִӦǣȻȥҶҶ˵鷳
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331 ǧָ 
Ҷͣ£ûȥһյֱƿţҶҴԺſȥ
ã顣
ۿҶԶɽվſڵԼҶҲûо⣬ֻ΢΢Ƿʺá

Ҷǫѷ̬鲻һ
ΪҶԶɽ飬ϻţ飬ҲǴ˵ţĶ׳ݵλһЩ⽮ȴЩίС⽮Ľѡ
ܹߵһȻӹɡ
ߵ̣ͨҶסҶ˵ƺҶҵԱı֣˸˾ʮʮ
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п϶һ鵹Ҳûйףǿżɽ׳ҴȥԺ
Ǿ鷳·ˡҶ΢΢һЦҲֵǡ
һĻȻ鲻֪ҶΪ޿֣ǸҶε˽Ҷռ˾һ׵顣
͵ҶԺͬʱҶεȴǰһִԺûн鷿ֻվԺҶǱԱõ̧š
ȻΪڵҶӵܣҶԶɽһҲʮѣûҶԶɽ׿ϣǸ޷
ҲҶΪʲôҶ״绰ԭ򡪡˶ڣƵҶԶɽ洦飡
磬ȻүүԺΪʲôǽȥ鷿ǰҶľСسҶʵ
Ҷ˲ԶԼҶľĻƵظ͵ǰ˵ǽȥҲˣСôأᵼƼصġ
үүӦڵСˣһȥɡҶ˼˵š
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Ҷĺüͷ΢΢ţ˼ҶԶɽô⡣
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ǼȻѾ״֤Ƕ˵ĻŲɡһٿڽͣͳѿӷƨһˣҶηӭҶεĿ⣬ػӦ

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Ҷһŭ⣬ָҶݺݵҰ֣Ҹ㣬ҪΪɫͿԿȾ죬ҶˣҲΪҶҶ׶˵鸺𣡡
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Ҷָָеӱ˵ѧ󣬱⼸ѧУſڡ˸ҶˮһŵԸȥҶף⼸ǿдߣǰˮһŵ;жעеȻڻ״̬˫۽գ֫ȫǱߵġ
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ûм޷㵽ƵҶ͵ӱ˵ڰݵĴϱҶúƽѵġ

Ҷ׵ĺŨ΢ţͼʲôȴ޷˵ڣֻǵɴ۾һֵؿҶ
Ҷ׽ӱ󣬸ӱѡ񡣵һӱӦŮѣϴڶӱӦĻǿӱ
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С˵ҶԶɽޱ
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үү̫үһУֻҶǷԸعҶҡΪˣС׶֣֤ʵҶҡ
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ͬҶԤϵһҶĺÿѪˣƾǿĿûбϣֻüҶ
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ܷʵܹǸУҶĺļƻֻϧ߹ӵ̣äĿĶӡ
Ժ󣬾͵ҶԶɽ㿪ڵʱȴҶһοˣȶԣҸ׾Ҫ̫ˡ֪µпܻΪ󣬵ϣһĻ

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˻һҶεƶǶԡ
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ймҹ棬޹زɷԲԭǴ㽫Ҷҵģ˵Ȼ㱻ҶһָͷҲõӦеĳͷϣȡѵٸҶȨΪģ
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УҶΪ̫أ޷һһԽҰĺţԱǰ֪301ҽԺҶĺ򸾡Ҷˣֱں档
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337 ЭǶı
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ҶԶɽһڴҶ˴𸴣ֶӹɣ߾̽磬пһߣ־ѧһ;ѧ߻ӣķâ̫û˸ұ֤Ըͷѧ磬һ˸ͷҲҡһвԸ껣ҲӲܡ
ߣﻹŶȻû㹻ڵ֤ݣպᱩ¶껶ԣҲǼΪΣյġ
ĳʵ̫ˣа׼μ壬ȫԵ֯š䵱ѧɡΪ룬ȥЩңЩҲŹοӺ·񣬲Դеˡܱ֤һΡΡӮҲ޷֤ÿһζӮֻҪһΣС
˵ûûܹ֤󣬶ԣÿһġһ֣껶һУΪͷ𡣡
ҶԶɽԣ̲ס̾˿˵ȻСֻǺǵ׵飬֧Ҷˣôǵʱϵ껣ô죿
Ȼ߶գֻѡһǶһߣմһĴˣ͹һˡȴװͿݣˣΪٴʧԴ÷䣬Ͼǲͬʱ֧ĺ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣Ҹ˽ڶѡ񡣡
ţԴҪб껡ҶԶɽ룬
ҶЩȣ֣Щĵģ
껵Ƕ޺
ҶԶɽһЦڴ




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ǵĹӱõĻ䣬Ȼк˵ǷʵǿǷݺģûʼӱ顣
СʱһΪһƷǼꡣ
һƷ⼸ྩ¿һǼ꣬ƾŵĻζĲȣǮ˵ϲǼţëྩƵҵռһϯ֮أ⼫Ϊ𱬡
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һĻǵûбǾЩЦҶ³󣬶ӱˣСӱǹȥ
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ӱɵص˵ͷһͬӭ³Ҷ
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⡭ôܣ
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Ϊڸ߶ӱ뿪˹˹ӰԪ׼Ҷȫˣн
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·Ϊ˻ӦƵģӱȺҶʺá
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ֻһۣ贱㷢ԱɫĺӦǾƵˣıȻǴ
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ЦŵͷߣףԼֺλѦүǺ춦ֲĺĳԱ֮һʱɥĸСȱĸ˹ŹֵԸ񣬶ƯƤˮ۵ŮȤֻڸʮϵ긾Ů
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ǣ
޼ɵĿ贺ܲüͷø
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˼Ʋ֮Ϊ̫ݣ˼ҳ䣬֮£ֻȥǰλˣͼöԷΪĴ㡣
ʱ򸣣ѹǺ贷һҲֻΪ;ʹ
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򸣸责ʩҿԸһָĻᣬ˼жɽĻᡣ
ǸҲȤɫһ䣬һ䣬תߡ
ȵȣ
û뵽贻˸ɴľܾһ㶣Ȼæǰһץס贵ĸ첲
ˡ
ʱǰһ죬Ż򿪡




339 ǵ
ʲô
贱קͣ½Ųس˳֣ûг鿪
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Ȼ
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ɫһٴת
责׻˵ëķ˲缦ȷǿǣضǷϵıӰ
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һʯĵһ㣬һؿŽߵҶ˭


340 
û򸣺ǸģҶݸһȳǰȥ
߰ɣСá
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棬ȴûҶʣֻǻеš
졭г
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~
򸣵һ˵첽ܽİȥ
Ȼ֪ҶǺηʥǸҶȻ֪Ѧݵ£˵һûߵĻǾͱȫûнѦ·
Ͻģһ֮иҲѦ·ģֻǼżĺ
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ȶԣȻŵòᣬһղԼûжײҶˣ˿ͬʱʶȤûи򸣣תߵԣؿһԭѦ׼Ա
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еĿ־˻һ㣬ֱ
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ֵѦһˣЦһ㣬ɴ۾һض򸣡

ûлش򸣵Ķͷֱð亹֪Ѧ·𣬻ʱ䳬һӡ
ߣȥҵҪǺηʥȽ񣡡Ѧɫվһƿӣȥ
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ˣΪϵͳһͷ򸣣Ҳֺˡ
򸣼״û˵ʲôæѦ¡
ܿ죬ѦƳ߳ᣬߵܽſڣûţһš
顪
촫űѦһ߿

ſڣΪҶݲķԱͻһĻһ㽫ˮϡ
ৣ
ͬʱ贺ӱˣʶؽĿͶſڡ
Уü͵͵۲ҶҶûһɫƽˮ
ܿ죬ڷԱηע£һѦ£ľ򸣳Ҷ˵ѦҲҶˡ
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ô
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Ϊ춦ֲĺĳԱ֪Ҷһ֪һİ壬ǱҶͽģ
֪ʱİ׹ԭǴȥ׻֯´ܼ˵ģû̵ˣҶһֻ֮ᳵ˧嵱ӡ
Ǽ鷢һƬȻǺ춦ֲڲֱը˹
Ǽ֮󣬺춦ֲĳԱȻжҶ֮ǣͬʱҲ֪嶼ҶУǲ֪ȥҶ鷳ֱ
ˣ֪ҶˮһŴնҶһָҶѪδ֪
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ۿҶֱӺԼ֣Ѧŵȶˣһջص򸣣Ǹо޲ýʬΡ

ۿղŻһѦ¼Ҷèֱ˲˵ͷͳԼŭҲˡ
ȻΪҶ֮ǰı֣Ҷݲ򵥣û뵽ҶѦµ徹Ȼ֮
ҲЩ㱡
Ϊྩµڻ˽ⲻǳ֪Ѧڻΰͼӵе
ԭҶǿ󣬵ҲڰѦų
򸣣ԼҸʲô
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ŬŬ죬ȴ֪˵ʲôã亹һʣ˲͸ĳ¡
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֣һ𾪵ҶѡѵҶӵܣ

ش贵һ֡
ԭԵġ֣Ѧ¶Уһ㣬ֻһ˵תߡ
ԭ򸣣Ҳĸһ㣬ͻȻӿֳ˼æѦ
ৣ
ۿѦ¡ɥ֮Ȯһβ뿪˰ᣬձԥվɫӵؿҶҶҶλɡ
ҺĽĵѣȻСãҲСãǵĳλȻ
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ֻҪϢȥӽ󣬱㲻ٻ᲻֪ļˣҲǰ֮ǡ
Ľĵѣ
⼸֣ԭҪڵһֻúЩɣǶʲôƵģһҲ˵
Ҳˡ
Ҳû뵽ҶȻĽĵѣ

֪
˵һжġ

ı䣡


341 һ
ϢĵϢٶ޷ġ
ҶȻϢͨѦ´Ѹײڶ֮ƴྩᣬ֮ԭһ㣬˻Ȩ㡣
һʱ䣬ȨٴΪҶֶ䶯
һεĺ䶯ȵҶֽ׼ҴٰͽҪҡ
ΪЩȨҶ˵ֻҶ껵һ˽ӣҶҶҶҵʽӵܣҶûƫһ˽ӡ
οҶֶ׺ݵľ
ҶնҶָҶĵ峿һλڳֵĺ춦ֲܲкֻ࣬мǹյеγ
˵ӵʱ򣬺춦ֲ¥һСͻʮһһãһԲεԱߡ
һȥСͻλãһףǻ᳤λãһλھλ࣬İ׼ӪֹŮ춦᳤ֲ涫᳤ֲյλá
֮⣬춦ֲʮһĳԱϤǵıʮء
شҶѾ֪Ҷ飬죬ټΪ顣
Ļһ
֮ھλ·Ҳ࣬һ۾Ƥ׾ꡣ
֤Ǿӵܣ̰ǵţǺ춦ֲĳθ᳤ھֲеžʦĽɫλھֲʼ˰塣
֤Ļ£Щ춦ֲĺĳԱ˼֡
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Ѧæӹ˵עУµ˵ͬϢһҶûܵҶҴӱöҲȻλЦʱһĻʱе𾪼ֱ޷ݡ
ô
֤ڣʮ춦ֲĺĳԱȫܹѦµʱ顣
鿴һ¼ϵǰϵ飬㹻ǺܶϢ棬ҷһ¸ԵĿѦ˵ֵ֤꣬
ҶǰˮһնҶһָҶϵһȴû⵽ҶҳͷΪֻһֿܣҶ껳汣ˡ
ҲΪҶ껲汣ĻҶ˾Բ
Ҷ£ܹסҶ֤Ҷҵĵλ֮ߡ仰˵ҶѾ׳ΪҶҵӰˡ
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ˣϻĹӸͷڵļҲڻӵв׵ĵλҶµĵһ٣
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˵ûͨҶȥΪǲжϳһ覴ñرˣǵˣȡ񱨸ֱǲݣȫѭЭƽЩϷ򡣡
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֤ҡҡͷһǵҪֻʱܿķâδ飬ҪȨɷϣҶӪĿǰڲռϷ磬Ҷ껸ŵѡܶʱ򣬴ȱû˱֤һԵ۷塣
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֤侲طһЩ˿ҶҡҶϹŶϣŭԣҶϹŶֹأһĻҪ˵ҶΪΪ¾ǺߵҶҲٲѣ
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342 ԶӦ֮
ҶһͬվȨ˵İԶȨݵĺǽԺڣӵһ칫
칫ܹ鷿һռƽףǰԶƽʱ칫õģһֻвһƽף˽鷿
İ칫鷿Զڴĺľ칫ǰȴûȥѷźõļǼһ̡֧
Զ˳˼֮Уȼһûȥ̻ңֱȫȼʱŻع񣬽ͷ𣬶̻Ҹס
̻ҸԱߣڷ绰һ죬ɫ绰Ǵ˵еġʡϵλҪ쵼Ҫ䱸ıܵ绰
ڵ绰ԻڷһԿ׻֯ͨѶֻ
Ψһһֻ˽ֻҪϵá
ˡˡ
͵Զͷ̻Ҹף˶׼ļʱǲ˽ֻͻȻ
ţ
Զüͷ΢΢һȴûмȥֻĿ˸ƺڲ²⵽˭ĵ绰
Ӻ󣬰Զ˴𰸣Ȼֻһµһޡǰ׼ҵӰ˰׹Σ
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ǵģ֣͵֪Ϣˡ
׹룬ص飬ϸù뻹Ǿͨһ±ȽϺá

Զ̲ס̾˿ϴδ绰ʱҸ˵ڽʲôҪ룬ñְУ㻹ͲסӰ

׹ԶԣŰԶϴεĶͬҲͬԶ˵Ϊס˼󣬻ǾԶ绰
ȻѾˣǾ˵˵ֻӣʮӺҪٿһ顣Զָʾ
~
׹ԣ˿ʵ֣ҶҵĴҶԶɽҶѾϿҶҶӵݣͬʱҲᶨҶҶҶӪɣ
ǻǲأԶʡ
ҿҶԶɽҶϿҶǿ϶ģҲĴͬʱΪϿҶһġҶߣҸ˱ȽҶҸղ˵־ЩԾﲻԾȴ˵׹ʵ˵
޷㣬ĥʧȥԵҶҺ߱ǽСӵһǹǹڶ׼ǡ
ԶڵҶ껿죬һ̵ֱҶĺ죬ڻ˵׼õȵ»֮󣬿ҶӪǱߵľٴ롣ǸıѡѡҶĺҶƱػ᲻ϧһд۽Ҷĺἶ뾩ǡ
ͬղ˵ҶĴߵĿԱСˡԶ˵ֲһ䣬Ͽ˰׹εжϡ
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š
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һҶҶԶɽĥҶӵܵĳǺõģǺСӵĹԣ㲻ûŪɳ׾ڶͬ˵ҶСûг֣ҶҶӪõѡҶӪڲᶦ֧֣Ҳῼƽ⣬ѡЭȻСӳˣǲһ̣һж˵һŶʱըʱᱬըһըԼҶҲᱻը÷ǡԶƽ
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ԶЦȥЩˣЩҲΪ˳ԶǣΣ֮ѡաһи̣Ҷ껲ӲܣǻΪ˸ͷ󶯸ɸ꣬գɱ䡣һҶӪǱͦΪ˹ȫֺȶҲͬҶȥ
û뵽ĵδ򣬾ȻҶǸ˽ϡԶⷬ⣬׹ӵظ̾
˵ҪôˣǻԲӦ䣬ŬԼãҪؼһҪó˵ĳɼԶѵ
ס׹һ֣ȥɡ
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ǼᶨҶ껵ĻӦֻҶ껵Ĺȣǽô
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ұչǰ˵ûд²ôң׷ʲô飿鹬ڲһʦ·ڵصʿʵ
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Թöǳ͢Ķ֣ǵ̡ʢʱڶˡ෴һõԶչ֧֡͢
ʦ̾˿Ϊ䵱ԶǣʱЦЦɣ׼һ£ɽһˣЩ鵤ҩȥСӺͽ⣬ܹɸΪ񲯡
á
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Ҷǿ͢Ҷһҵġ⽭ɽ˺ܶ࣬ͬǸӶ˺ܶࡣ
˵䣬ʦӿֳһɿֲƣĲȣĲʶʱҪ䵱ƵҲ


343 Ψִ
ԪСٹָֻæµֵϵĳԶδ°߷ڣྩǵһЩɵµһͿ·ڸһ
װģ㿴³ôأҪ첻ҪˣСһ
·ڣ˹˹ӰԪ׼䵱˾ĳҶգŹĴ۾εε˵
˵ͬʱ֪⻹⣬΢΢ĺ֣òˣԻģͳԵ֪ˣΪڹҶ
ҸܰԼһԷûȥ
Դɽ֮ҶĽӴԽԽ࣬ȻѾӦ˳عЩܲˣֻýĿͶ⣬һ۲Ĳӡ
~
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ŵģҪעӰ졣Ҷ˸ۣʦҲáСҲգ֪ģΪСء
Сðϲţ۲ˡգŹ˵Ĵ۾
»ؼϼһ˵㹴ҰҶв
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һʼʦ̵ġɷڤ뷨ָѧһڤ빦ٶȻ죬ؿԲ磬̫ȣûϣЩһֱֹǰ
ЦһȻֽתƵҶϣҲΪʲôʦѴ쾳֮ĥ㣬Ϊľ㽫ΣֻлΣպĳɾͲŻߡ
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344 ǻۣСŮ
ڶԼұ˵ķȽϻ֮⣬ʽζҲǵصζǺи۾оĻʳǰ
ƹǶ֪ĸʽ֮һ
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⣬ޱȵġ֡ŴŴԲġѩ÷Ҳϲ۸ʽģڶܹŽǰ
Ҷ˽۲͵ĵصƹ꣬˾ͽˮƼġ˾ͽȥ֮ǰÿܶᵽƹһθʽġ
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ΪҶδִԵʣǻûеˣֻȲġ
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սۣҶǼһΪΣߺߣСԼԳΪߣ
ҫγɾӵľ󣬽ìͷ׼սۣ̼ڹȥһЩܰ˾ͽˮȰҶæֻս۲ϴ˵ľԴ壬ѹʺϵߣ
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֣΢΢ЩȻ
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ϲӦҶɣ
Ȼܰ鲻Խظֳһʡ
һϵɻҲû˯õԭڡ

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ȻýãΪСû˹ܣĸտ˺ò۸黹Ҫ׽øһЩ
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350 Σķǰӵ
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ųǼҶܣֳϳǣο͵ıص㡣
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һƹ߳ûƽߺ󣬺ڰȡʼִء
·Ե·ԶԶȥһɫ⻷Ķơ
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ΰΪԲ԰׵ʱ뵽ԼڹųǱΰ˸ٵΡ
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ŮȥҴȥ
ۿüΰܷԼˣ˿⣬ȻһΪ˵ĲЦݡ
á
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ŲʣΰĻ˿
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Сս۶죬ųơ࡯ʱۿΰôߣ²ˡ
˼еǺǡӣקΰŭЦЦһóֻͨһ绰ٸϹ
һ⣬ΰĸֱ࣬һ磬һ·ϡ
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Ҳһʼΰơ裬ûзԭ
ʱΰǿĻΰе˼֪վԼǰǳͷβ
һ޷ѹƵŭ˵ӿ֣ĬΰĿΰŭȼա

ΰͻȻ֮䱬ŭ⡢ƾһʶͣ˽Ų
ΰ磡
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ͻһĻ굱ͣ˽Ų
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ৣ
ܵٻһ㣬ԼͬؽĿͶǸоǸһ۵ɵùԲ
״֪˶ΰİסͬ˵һΣȭ
飡
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һȭҵһͣų󱳰ǲӰƵģһ֣űХɨڶ
°ڣ걻һУ类еһ㣬ڿն

ʣ״׷ŵһ飬˵Ⱦܡ
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ͺһ˫̽̽ȡһ㣬ץסĲ߶һ˦Ƕһ·ˡ
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ҽһڵأɢƵģ鴤ֹ

һ꣬ͬĲ״ŵͣ½Ųͷ׵ڵأвֹ
治ɫ׷ǰȸ߸̧𣬴϶£ȫļͷ
ǲ
һϹͷͷѣӦء

ۿԼͳͳ÷ڵأǰ۵沿Ťͷֱð亹ΰʹһֵؿȫɵˡ
ȻҲû뵽ȥȻ
ΰǸֵģ޲ýΰι㣬뵽ɱҪֻǿǹɳ嶯ת뿪
飬ΰҪ̫࣬ڻЩ޹Ůˣ
ΰΰ磡
Ӱʧΰ˵ʱ꣬ǿʹһȳһյΰ
ǸӣҪˣҪ
ΰӾлعſµʹǷһ˻ţȻ绰ӵĵ绰
ͬʱ
һɶĿͻ׼ʱ䣬Ҷһӻ߳
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352 һ
λĻХɽׯʡϵһȱõ̸ʡ
ϵɽׯͬϵĴӪ
黢
黢ųƻĵһɣĶƷ⣬Ż߳ϵĶƷ
ͬʱʵĶ۵λƶ⣬鶫ܾҪߡ
ĳ˵ݡλȸ˽ܾΪԺգƷֻһ棬ΪȨĵųơµġĽǵڽǵ¶棬лĴм档
ΪҪǣžߣǻ߼Ƹɾߣ֮⣬»Բĵ֣ɵģһϵѰҵģӡ
ˣСʱĸ磬͵ܵΰΪʮʱһһϢؤؤѧһѧƾ費׵˺Բ硣
ںԲͣ꣬Һ޽չ黢Ļ˵ǵؤصѧⱲҲֹԲˡ
黢ܶ˵ĻԱӵκء
ʵϵȷˣ¶ԣӡ
Ϊ֪£ҲָʾһĻ˻һʱʹɱ֡
ҲϧšΪ߽ǵȫĻӣÿ껨ڵĸнƸһɾӶڵԭ
ҹĻٺΪϸˣŻĵһ֮黢£ϥڳŷʽݶڤ
ৣ
ͻȻ֮䣬黢˫ۣĿ絶һɨſڣһ۱㿴Ŀߴӡ
Ӳĸߴͣ˫۱ͨ˳һأ͵ؿȥǴһˮеһ׺ϵϷպա
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ŵƹ⣬黢ԶԶؿĿһŭֹģȿʵɻ
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Сΰ˴ˣⱲӺп޷ڽӴɱڵ˵Ǹо޲̻صܵܵʬΡ
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ΪԭɽǱߵò٣鱨Щ֪ҶУȥϾһ֡
һ֣Ҷһ
Ͼһ㸸϶ƽʱһģ㸸׵ĸϵ֮һܹƵڶ̶̼Ͼһֵλã㸸״к
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ৣ
ͻһĻһɫһ䣬æɿѵֵֻ֣ԼǱһǯӿסһ㣬á
㡭ʲô
֣ó󾪣Ծֵؽ

һУȺԶɢ˾ǽĿͶ˳Ҷ
ͬʱԱѸΧ˹һɷصҶſ
ԭ鲻ѵҶһĻüͷһһ
ꡪ
һ֮£촫ѣһڵء
ৣ
ৣ
һĻͬ飬ɫһ䣬æͳ˿ڴаĵƬ
ųƵʥֵּңҪߣɣҶѰʣС͵˷ʱ䣬
еĵ֣ǵĿǰ
ɽ֮ǰָʾӵʥжǸ룬Ϊûз飬û֣߿Ц̾պҶҪߡ
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ȻҶĻŵɫ䣬һûеĵƬڵϡ
ĳҲŵֹͣ˰ǾؿҶкͬһӿһʺţһ˭Ȼּ˶Ҫߣ
ţ
һֵģҶͻȻһ




353 ڰ˫ 
źššǧšššźͺ־š
ʱգıǨѧķ٣֮еĵѾû䣬ڼ֮ڵ׵ĴڣԱ࣬ͬһɢɳ
һеԭкܶ࣬ΪҪԭǵŵһһ
統䣬ųʥֵ֡
ֺų޵УԱͨһ˫֣Ҷȥ괺жذʨӵʱֵʵֻ൱һĺԲߣֻٶҪһĺԲǿ߿һЩˡ
ʵšŵɵԣԶһϡ
ˣŵĳԱȻֵһĤݡ˵ıֺܺõڹһС
ͬʱҲҶӿֳһͷõŵ鱨䣡
Ȼʽ΢ڶ࣬鲼ռ鱨ɶԣֻǿ

ӿֳͷҶɿ֣˵
˵ͬʱص˾񹥻һ㱣ʶظ
Ҷ
ҶΧЩ˲Ŀ⣬ųˣ첽ߵӻ۾Աߣݡ

˸ղĿҶϳһĻʱҶĻ¾ԭأʲֺܿعæϹ˫ֵãҶ
Ҷգʵ
ͣ
ȥ
Ҷɿ֣ţӹɡ
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ͷ̲סҶĳһۡ
ʱѾӻ˹ȴߡǸǣҶղչֳʵ˵Ǿ仰ֻ·һ
Ӻ󣬳ľսظҶ˺棬ͣһS600ǰ
ܣĳҪһ£ͷһ㡣ۿΪԼ򿪳ţҶ
áã
ŵԣһȻæԿ׵ݸҶ
ǰճҶģ֪ҶǳҲ֪ҶǺεȵĳȻ
һȻ֪ҶΪҪóȴҲɵȥʡ
˭ῪҶӹԿףС͵ʵ
ҡһᣡ
һиʿɽ͵С͵Ӧȴ۷Ź͵ŴıS600
ȥǵܲҶԿ׵ݸиʿɽ͵С͵
~
иʿɽ͵ŵһ飬ֱҽԿס
ߵĳһͬҲŵòᡣ
ΪǶʶΪҶҪȥǵܲ
ģҲǵ鷳ֻϵĸˣʵ顣
Ҷ״͵ǵҴϸҲ˵ңȫصºǣ෴ΪǵΪǡ
ţ
ҶⷬС͵۾һת
ۼֿ졣
ΪС͵ıر֮һ
Ժŵ˵С͵ԶҹŮ˺ͱ
ǲһۿһ˵ƶһ˲жϳԷǷֺ֣Ƿ鷳ȵȡ
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ι
绰ʮӲŽͨͲдһͳżϵ
ãҶҶԱš
Ҷ
绰ͷѵûؼſӵȻֱ֣ӴɳվЩ𾪵ʣ㡭ǵĶӣ
š
Ҷ֪Ҷྩսĳصһ֣ճ˵ʱпؾһ֣һ˵ȻָҶ껡
Сû뵽㣡
ΪҶ˽˺룬֪֮٣ΪҶĻش𣬲δҶݣ˷ܵضɻһƣȻ첽鷿
壬ʱҰ㣬պϣԸкȻȥݷһ֪ûʱ䣿׾Ҷѧ׵һЩϸڣ֪ôٳ˴򽻵
СȻУ
ȻҶ˵ҶԼ֪仰ˮֺܴȴҲЩСʱھ͹ɣ
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ҶӦһȻ󻰷һתֱ⣬ˣ壬һС鷳æ
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׻˵²֪ҶݺµҶ绰ԲǰݷԼô򵥣Ҷ˵Ҫ󣬻ĵػӦ
УȻҶЩڣҲҶӪ֮еС֮һ
㲻Ҷ껵ϣƾҶعҶңҶһҪȫȥҶ
һ˵ڵݣܹﵽΪµһ١ҶһңһĻ
λ߶ˣܷͨæѰһ£Ҷʱ죬ֱ⡣
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ţϽѵϢԶŵʽҶص
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С㿴㣬ʲôЦŴȤȻ׼ͨǾҵţȻȥš
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׻˵֪ǺҲһ֪˭
Ҷղ壬ǾģС͵һʱϵϾһ
֪ڲ²ͨǲϾһţȷҶС͵ĺġ
ৣ
ҶĻС͵ɫһ䣬иʿɽС͵Ϊ̫ţûײ·Եˡ
ģ˵ԵţȥϸʵҲǵŰҲǸѵټҶֲ
~
ٴҶĻС͵ǰ˿ĿȴûдҶŲĿгžηǳݣ
Ϊ
ǵļУδ˵˿úڰͬȥһ˵䣡
ֻϱĿʼ




354 ڰ˫ 
ÿһУһ򼸸оסչˮƽĸЩռʱΪϷˮ֮أųоסķչ
ıǨʷʷ
ʮǰĻԴݽͨΪĴƬڿռ䣬ֹͣˡ·ȡ
·̲ĵΡɽγɽˮȻкϻĵķˮʶ롰ˮ֮ˮΪϡľסıϣѳΪĶʮ֮á
ϵǧֵĺլλϵĵ·
ҹŵӵʱ򣬵·һƬȥһµƻ財

S600·Ҷ̲סʵ
ԳС͵ͷǵųԱҲײģӦûлǧֵĺլŶԡ
һΡ
ղͿĨҶĽ𴴵ҩۣʹ˲٣Ѿܹ΢ضˣʱҶѯʣҲ֮ǰǰη壬Ǵżֵ˵ȥʱ˺ϻһ͵һֱǰٴ˵ֵϴ֪Խֱͬʱ˸20򡣡
ϧǣһʱûѳסȥĶĳ棬һҹͽ˸⣬һҲûַˡ˵һûڣС͵Ҳˡ
Ŷ
ҶѯʸղǸ⣬ֻȷһ²Ҫߴ˵طش𣬱û˵ʲô
ʮӺ󣬱S600۵ĸ·16űǰ
һͣ£뺷Ĵ󺺴Ӻڰǰ
ϴıڣϰ壬Ҫȥôиʿɽ͵ʵ
á
Ҷҡҡͷƿţȥ
˭
ΪҶǱS600ǧֵıڣҶȽϿ
֪ͨǧ֣Ҷã
Ҷһˣһ˵ӹɡ
Ҷ
֣ɫһ䡣
ΪǧֵıڣʱǧֵߣżҲǧ˵飬ѶҶĴ׹
ãԵȡ
Ӻͷıڴлع񣬹ػһ䣬Ȼߵϵǧֵڣɿػ㱨磬ҶҪϰ塣
Ҷ
ͬһǧֵҶ֣ɫһ䣬صֱӴҶȥϰ㱨
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ĸҶ
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ǧûһ䣬־öԷԳҶָյԼӦòʵأ
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ȻҲ֪ΪϵĸˣҶǰʲôҲǡ
ϾҶûлعҶ֮ǰԺӣڽڰˣϻģһ鴫˵еĴɽ׼ܵǣֻܽʡ
ҶعҶңõҶϿɣϽǵȨΪµһ١Ҫǧ֣һֻûκ
ϴô㣬мæҶǧһʢػӭ£ɳϣżɽ˵
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ǧԣһȻдϲ֪͸ҶԵĻᣬظ֤ҶܷԸϵɽ»𺣣ǧҲգһüͷ
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ΪҶݡʵ壬ΪͽֺҶһǧԸΪҶæҵҶҪҵˣӶҶֺá˵ղǾ仰ֻԼһ·
ǧ˵ģҲҶĵģĬûп
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źһѧɲͬкڰһ˵ʱձһڰɽĴֱģʽϴֻǸɣǸٹһˣԴƣֱײ㡣
ǧַźǽֻҶȻóԼֻ㿪ţյϢһ仰ȺϢǸ¡
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ৣ
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ɭϵķ£Ҫ˵һˣһֻӶɲ
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ͻȻ֮䣬ԭĴֻ𶯵
黢ͣ½Ųһһ嵽輸ԣץ𶯵ֻͨ
үѾ뿪ˣڳű߾ߡ绰ͨͲдӵΪԷһû߸٣ߵĹ
ûб˷ְɣ黢Щĵʵ
ûбκ˷֡ĵ
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黢˿ӣ֪϶ȽѵǸŮһ١Ϊ˱·ϳ״ʱһ£ȲҪ֡ȳ˱߾˽ֻҪ㲻Ūܹ˵ôУ
֪ˣү
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磬ҵѾû˷ֵǰ£ɹٳǸŮʱͨ߾Ĺϡ
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͵黢ͨͬʱҶ֪Ǳ뻢Хɽׯͷ񣬵¸ӦɽׯмǶӵϢĵϢ
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һУҶԼϢһſڣһߴ߶Ⱥ«áԻ󡯡
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黢ɳϵ£Ҳǡৡվ
⣡
ԭ黢һæӦűͻȻֵǵϢ
ʲôˣ
ͬʱֲڱܵıǣһŵȵèһ㣬Ѹٰγذףſھۼ

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һ˻Ҷŭž񹥻ֲ˹
ŭɢ
ҹĻ£ʮۼһıڣֻöһը죬һͷĿѣ޷վ
ﬡ
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ʱҶ˫ֽӡϣԪһҲһεĹñܾȻһ䡣
үʿ
黢ɫͬʱһ䣬黢дɽڸһصҪʲô
Ȼ
Ļȫڣ㱻һϣ
黢һͷĻХɽׯ˼
䣬˶
ҶһԺ




359 ɱ
ৣ
黢ɫͬʱ䣡
Ҷɱڵ˻𣬼ž񹥻ֱӺǵ꣬ǵֲĸо
ظܵҶӿֵɱ⣬ǹɱôɱٵĴ
˭
ͬһʱ䣬黢ӿͬһɻ̲סű˴ˡ
ž
شǵһ졣
ҶһµװѣĽ·Ϊ֮һ¡
ৣ
黢˵һʱ佫ĿͶҶҶŲϤҲİס
ҶҶ
ɲǼ䡣
黢һ㱣ȫɵˡ
ΪҲû뵽Ҷ
ǿٳֵոշ֪Ҷû֪
һ򲽽Ҷ֪ҲôϹ
黢̸´绰Ȼش
Ҷۿ黢ˣڣͳ˻ƣ³ΣյϢ
⣡
ҶӹɵĻ黢ͷûһһʱ֪λش
Ȼ֪Ҷε֪Լ˽ٳģԿ϶ҶѾ֪顣
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ͬʱ־ãӽȻشҶ磬δؾͻŹ
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Щͷ黢룬żֿ־ؿڵ
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ݣ
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黢Ļ˵ڣƿͻȻ
ҶɵȻҶͲ֮зɳ׹⣬黢ⰲŵĺԲߡ
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Ϊʲô
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ৣ
ͬʱ黢ڴɽɫò԰ֽ
ΪߣӦҶĳ֣Ǹʵ޷˶̵ľҶķɵɱ
ɽָоοʵֻž黢

黢鲻ԽشŴĿŲͶҶĿгſ־塣
Ƿݿ־壬ӱýӲľһ㣬˿Ҷ
绰̣
ΪﵣİΣҶѸײڶ֮նɱ黢£ﵽЧûм֣ٴοˣɭ
ҿԴ绰뱣֤Źҡ
п־ޱȣ黢û绰ǸҶ̸ͨҶղŵΪԿ϶ƽµĻҶԲŹ
һֹͣƻҲҪȷԼİȫ
ҶߣҲҶ̸ʱ
ݣ
ƿٴһȾѪҶɵͻȻӺ黢ڴɽĺ룬˲佫ɽԴᴩ
͡
̵Ѫѹˮǹһɽҽжûüص˵ϣ黢µĺ󳾡
ͬʱȾѪҶɵͣҶǰڵƹɢϢ
ͻһĻŵ黢һ飬Щ²ֹ
סûи̸ʸ񡣡Ҷޱؿ黢ʵһ飬绰״򲻴򣿡
顭
ҶĻ黢пʼҡſͣ䶯źᣬͼ˵ЩʲôΪ̫־壬ݲϵײţ֮ڶ
Ҷ״ٷϻһȾѪҶɵس黢ƶ
ҪҪɱң
ԼƶҶɵ黢ǿ˦ոŵóȥ
һ
黢˵ɳԣֱԵɳϡ
ҶɵǲƫƯ黢ͷħ䣬黢ͷϣ黢
绰
Ҷ黢ͨ뺡

ȵĿ־黢ţҪĳɤһ㣬ͬʱĺʮּ٣亹һ㽫·ȫʪ
ţʹسŲӣ޴ˣ
ֱӻ黢һߣ

һ̡
黢Ƿһ㣬컨
Ҷվ黢ǰۿ黢һһٸһλᡣ
ҶҶɱң
黢˼ȵķ֮УǵûбҶ仰ŵǳҶŭ
Ȼˣҳȫ㣡Ҷкһ

黢еĿ־ɢ˴룬ȫָǣʱ˿ҶвһɭЦţǸо·˵ɱңǸŮɣ
ô

ҶҽȻ𣬶黢ĵȫ£
黢ЦһȴӶá
顪
촫ŷ黢ĵ;˲䱻÷顣
໣
黢Ӿһ𣬶Ϻ״Ǳͱһһʹذ
Ҷ״û¶һʴȣ񣬽˫ǰɿ趯
飬ɱңɱҰ
ʹ黢ָ˼ʶԼĵ;飬֪ⱲǽˣǶҶ˻
ûᡣ
Ҷǽ黢˻𵱳˷ƨ˫֡
飬Ҹ㣬ǸŮˣᱻǧּ
ΪӺ͵飬黢׻ȥˣǷһ㣬ҶֺֽС
ҶԣɱŨȴȻû˵Ǽӡ
㡭Ҫʲô
ۿҶȫԼ黢Ҷǲ趯˫֣ͻȻٴӿֳ˿־
ͼվΪ;飬ˣһǣ˿ڣ۵죬ɳϡ
㡭Ҫʹʲô
ҵʹ黢ɴ۾ٴοҶдŨصĲ
ΪĶžߣʿҲ֪ʿֶβһЩֶο
黢Ŀ־壬ҶɳĬӡ
㡭㵽Ҫʲô
ԣܶʱδ֪Ŀ־ʤȻҶҪʹȴ֪ҶҪʹʲôֻ鲻Խ뵽˵һЩֲʱŵһ飬ӸǴһ㣬ܿƵز
ҶҶҪҴ绰ھʹ绰
ˡ
黢ˡ
ŵñˡ
ȫ˵ֿһ͹һһؿҶ
ˣ
ҶڣС
䣬ͣ
ӡɣ


360 䣡

ӡɣɫҶüӿ֣Ҷһһεû黢üĵӡѨ

Ϊ̫İΣۿ黢ӲͦҪԼ̸ҶʧȥģֱӶĿ
Ҷڶʹž
ʯ塢ʯֵܰɱ񣬶Ϊ˶Ը׼Ҵٰ壬ϧðűʯ塢ʯӡǷ̵ķգʹÿˣӶ˰年ﰵɱԼ֤ݣһŽ߽˼
˵һʹáľ飬ҶٴʹŰԵֲҪɵöࡣ
黢壬Ҷӿ黢񣬴ǿп黢塣
⡭ǿ
һǿҪԼ壬ԭľս黢һȻûιȥ
ղſҶ˫ֽӡʱ룬ҶҪʲôԸ
˺ܶԶҲû뵽ҶȻ𽭺Ŀֲ
֪ʿֻΪﵽ󣬲ʹÿôʹõˣ֮࣬黢һŵؿҶ
ûлشҶǿк黢
ҪƾǿȻ黢Ȼȥ黢壡
ߣ
Ҷ黢ȻӾлعѪ˫ĿضҶЦ飬ȻҲ֪Ϊʲô쾳ʹÿƾҵǲܵ飡
£黢˴ƾ־ʼֿҶ
ΪĹҲѵһֹֻоԶȶǿ£˶ֵ
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黢ֻžߣǿ̶ȣԲʿȲϡ
һ£黢ֵܵҶô
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̼䡣
ײ˵̰֮ϣϢ
⣡
黢һԭ־ǱһȫһѺۡ
־Ķҡ黢ƾ־ɵķߣٱ
ʱ
Ҷͣڶ
䣡
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ʧȥ黢˲䱻Ҷǵֲ顣

飬黢ֻԼǱ˺һ㣬ʹİ沿ȫŤһ

Ҳܱƣ
ܣ
ͻȻ֮䣬黢һֻƵҰޣ˲ʵŭĵֿ
ŭ黢ԭƬһɿµԹۼһ𣬶һֲԹҶ
ӡǷˣ
ͬҶϴοʯ塢ʯֵܶһ黢ƾĲʡԹޣһļ䡢˼롢ѧ֮־һγӡǣҶչ˷ˣ
黢ӡǵķˣҶûм֮˲䱻ɡ
黢ӡǲͣѭҶĹ켣ͻȻ⣬ҶӡѨ֮УҶ
ߣ
һУҶûһ㾪ţֻǵһʱ

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͵黢ӡǳҶ˲䣬ǸɫĻʹͬҶԤеһʱ֣
ಡ
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黢һ𣬱һԹʧӰ٣ȡ֮Ŀն
ް綪ʧֲˣġ
һĻҶ֪黢ѾΪһˣҪٴδ߶黢壬ȴͻȻɫʹڽ黢ӡ֮󣬲ûϴʯ塢ʯֵܶ˵ӡԼգתΪһӿ
֣һȻϲ
Ϊ̤ɾ粻ã䷢ʵķԾû࣬Ҫϵ䣬ֱͣٴηʵķԾӶΪͻ۷徳
ʱɫʹڽ黢ӡתΪҶѩ̿
ţ
֮󣬵ɫʹֹͣʧҶزԼ˲ʮ֮һ
Ҳ˵ɫʹڷΪ̤۷徳ʱʮ֮һ
֮⣬ҶֻһӴļ䣬糱ˮһӿԺ
ɫʹڲԽ黢ӡתΪһ黢һļ䣬ʵ̫ˣ
ҶѼʶɫʹڵ棬ͻһĻҲǱĿɿڴ
һУֱò˼ݣ
鵽һУԲϻĶ
ϢȥҲһ˻ţ
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ΪʿߣҶ־֮ͬпǿˣ黢м֮ȻԼе㱻Ӱ졣
ͨóɫʹɶֵӡǣȻԻͶֵļ䣬ͬʱҲԼľӰ죬õôˣԼľɾ޴Ӱ죬ӶӰԼ֮·
һ㣬ҶüͷһаһȻڴﵽ֮ǰȲѵʹá
Ϊ֪ʹÿͨǿϣ԰ԵķʽѹֵĵֿӶƶֵ壬ȫͨɫʹڵ湦б׶ˡ
~
֮Ҷ³һ˶񣬷ɿ黢ļУѰŽļ䡣
Ҫ͵
ͨ黢ļ֪һУҶ˫ȫգ˫Ŀ֮ɱէ֡
ԺһԼһһ黢üĵӡѨ
һο黢ԣһΣΪû־ֿӡǷˣҶɵر黢塣
ɳϣ黢ӣǱֲĻˣȫϵƣվǰϵֻٲͨӵĵ绰ҿᡣ
Բĵ绰ʱ޷ͨܿ죬ͲдС㶯
ৣ
ԭҶУħĺУɫһ䡣
Ҷͣٴο黢ӵĵ绰ֵ绰Ȼ޷ͨ
黢ʱȵ绰ô
ô޷ͨ
޷ͨӵĵ绰Ҷüͷʱһʮɻ
ɻ֮࣬ҲǼΪģİΣ
žž
ʱԭıͻȻ˹Ƶһ۵ƾճڱſڣһ߹ƣһЦضҶСӣֲһ·ԭ˲¶࣬صù




361 ŭȼ
ৣ
ͻıʣҶɫȻһ䣡
ûвĵʲôʱԻ֮еĶ
ͬʱͨĻҶжϳпͳˣֻһֱڰУԼ黢˳֡
һУ˾ξˣ
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Ťͷؿİӣϵ𾪸޷Ρ
ӣŻ˰
ƺϵҶķӦ̲סЦˣǿڶˣĿгϷʡ
ûлش
Ҷ۶ͬʱȫͷȥӦϢָ޷̽ʵ
֣Ҷıøأ
Ϊ޷̽ʵֻֿܡ
һʵԶǿͷϢ޷̽
ڶӵпϢķͬϵĹȺ«
ֿܣҶԣһ¡ԷȻڿԸ黢˵ǰ£޿ֵس֣ȫûн
·Ϊӡ֤ҶĲ²һ㣬ϷŰЦð׷ѹˣܲҵϢͷˡ
䵱ɵˣ
Ҷԣȥ̽ʵǰԼľһͷͻ
㿴ȥܽţ
ʣϷŰЦݸŨҽɱ黢˵֪أҶأ
ţعҶңҶҶأؾҰй¶ȥҲǲµġҶһס߰ƽ
Ҷ˵ԴЦ۾гһ϶˵Ҷˣ
ĽݹȡĽʥ˵ȫǾȡ
ҶüͷΪеİΣΪ޷̽ʵǿûóȻ֣Ǵ󻯽ìܡ
Ǻǡȡ
ЦŴҶĻðɣǾȡ๼ǣǸӶնɱ֮ΪҪ䵱ɷ̫ռΪУ
գĽʥֳ̫ҽ׻֯´˵֤ˡչȻҵУ̫Ȼҡ
Ҷһһ׻֯С䵱Ǿ׻֯оȥ׻ۣ֯
׻ۣ֯׻֯Ϊĵһ֯ȻҪƫҶңοйҶΪͽͷҶ껼ԨԴ䵱ȥ׻֯ȡôЦػӦţüĿ֮佥ӿֳ˼ŭ⣬֮ɱէ֡
ӣҽ콻̫Ҫҳ֡˵䣬Ҷսᵽޣʱӭս׼
ǰЩӣ㽫̫䵱䵱Ժ㻯ɸΪ񲯣ˣ
һֿ˵Ŀ⿴ҶƺһҲҶߣ䵱ᣬԼҪ㲻һҾ֮һ̿ʼ䵱ɱ㲻ݣҴ˴ɽΪȥ
ԭ䵱ɴ󣡡
֮ǰҶȻ޷̽ʵһֱ˼󵽵䵱еĺˣʱĻ˵ǰȥɽׯݷԼ顣
סҵ֣õүԼںж֪ۿҶ֪Լ֣ڲԼϢǻӱȡ±
ûǴĻΪ䵱ɴӵ㣬ֻԲ磬δͻư벽԰ɣ
Ҷ״һش̼֮ǰܹ֮ûзֵΧȫΪϴϢķ
ΣѲΪƾʵԴл
űһϷŰؿҶ٣Ҳ֪ݷɵĵƣҲ﷭ҼȻѾ֪ĵƣɱһֻûκ𣡡
кܶ˶ΪǵΪɵɱңǶˡ
ҶղŹֻ̼ȷʵʵʱĬֻԲߣް㾯裬뵽δɱҪʱ䣬ڼȥѣһս

ҶĻЦһ㣬Цֹôϻ
ݣ
شһ̶ƿ
ҶһŭһǰȾѪҶɵȻһ׹⣬
ৣ
ͬʱһʷһɱҶɵ
ﬣ
ײĽҶɵһ÷һԡ

һҶɵһ͵һལɱҶ
ݣ
ҶΪٴһһҶɵХ
ûõģ
һٴλӳб˳ڶѷҶɵ
ţ
һ̡
͵ΪҶɵʱ򣬼ٴɱҶɵ͵һͣ
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һգĽ罫гһӣƾˡ
ݣ
ʱԭֹͣҶɵٴ󣬶ҡٶȱ֮ǰ죡
ৣ
ͷһɫһ䣬ѸٽֱбС
ͦư壬бţ
ţ
ášҶķɵɱ

ҶɵХŴǰɹĵ紵ϣϵĺëէϵëϸѪܱˣѪ
СղžȻûжȫʵգ
ۿҶһ˿һż棬ٴɱҶ
ݣ
ݣ
ʱƿ
ǰѴ̿յҶɵͻȻ˸䣬ӺͬʱҶɵҶͲ֮кХ
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ŵͷһ֮䣬ȫ档
ž
һ֮£µĵذשĩ
Ҷɵмٷɳ۵Ļ𳵣ȫ̿ա
ಡ
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ѵ
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ʵȷˡ
䵱ƽʦҪȷһɱǰ¶Ҷ֡
ԭǴôģΪĿҶ黢˽ֵΣΪжϳҶʵΪ˹˼Լ䵱ɵ棬͵ϮɱǴҶ·
ֻǡ
û뵽ǣҶ֮ǰڶԸ黢˵ʱ򣬸ûжȫʵӶһֲ˵
ôܷҶߣ
οҶˣʦԲ䵱ɶҪΪ˸صĴۣ
⡭ԲԸ⿴ģ

Ļ׷ᣬһļҪҶŭˣ
ûһ̣ŭ


362 һ
ಡ
ŭ£ŭеҶȴûбŭͷԣзɿƶһƻһȺ«ͻȻɳһӰ

ƿһ죬뵱ȻΪҶҪʹ÷ɵɱЦͣ½ŲҪһ
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ԾһĻɷ֪֮еĻһ
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ɷ֮ħĹ治ɫһбһӣɷ֮ħ
һƽ棬ʵ̺Ѫ˶Ըɷ֮ľʽ

һŰĽѪɨɷ֮ħ
ɷ֮ħǰɷ֮õĴȱɨУΪС
󣬽ɨɷ֮ħϣŴ̵ġնһ㣬һ½ɷ֮ħնء
ɷ֮ħʱʧٴλɷ֮ɢ
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366 Ϸ籩 
ҹɫŨʡίԺһƬ
վڵ侯սʿŸǹɫվڴԺſڣԺһԱͳ
Ժ׻֯ĳԱǱڰͷ񣬸ӦŴԺڵһУ𱣻֮ʡٳкͼİȫ
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ΪǶ¼ûκιҲΪ϶ϵߴ󵨵ز²Ҷйء
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377 ֮֮Т
ҹɫŨҶʻŰµA8LʻϵĸƬڹȥļһֱסڴƬһٺı
µA8LһҲɽϷֹ˾ṩġ
֮⣬Ҷе֪Ƕǳģڶȼ٣ǿõģʩȫÿ춼ר˴
ͬеĸһҹĴƬԵʮһµںϣֻ֮һҵıŵƹ⣬ƹӳź棬ԡ
Ҷִ︻ڴȻԼסǶŵƹ⣬вһѵСˣ
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ʮӺ󣬳ϰЬԡ߽ԺҶӾԱߵϣ߹ȥ¶ʽ˲Цݡ
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Ӧ֪İ⣬ͬʱͨΪӦҲϲ㡣
˵žµһһţΪʦҿٸһѡĻᡪŲҿȥ




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ص˵ͷ
ٲƣԳɷ𣿡
ǸƶǶģа̾˿ȴû˵ʲôŲһ·

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֮࣬ҶͣһΣһͷɽһ㣬ɽнɣֱԼסǸɽȶȥ
ҶÿλɽͬһΣûС˷ܵǺСڶİɽׯ
ϦɽͷɫҶͬһӰһ㣬ɽ֮⡣
ɽ֮Уľݰһľ⣬ҹĻԵøۡ
ϼһһˣ
һĻҶ֪ڱЩ˷ܵغһٳľݡ
ûлӦľ֮Уԭľ͵ЦһʱЦݣ֮ǰΪӦҶϢĹ飬һؿ
ϼһܲװ
Ƭ̺ҶľſڣϼһǸŴ£һֻʥ顯̬Цá
ˡ
ǿЦ⣬װģؽŵһԡ
УʵҸԻ͸Ӧ˰ɣҶӵ˸ָ
ȡ
һ죬һΣһʣˣ
ûɣ㲻֪Ҷû
ˣ
ٺһЦһӣһϯľݽľҶ
ʦлл
ƯԼǰľҶûȥãǵӰͷȣ˫۷졣
ʦ
ʱ꣬ٴĳƺͷһЦôɽˣ
ģͽ
Ҷʣ˫ȭգһڱصá

ЦݣߵҶǰ簮ظҶԴֻ㣡




381 
ֻ㣿
仰ҶһȻ
ΪʦҪͻǴ˵еľ磬֮ϣΪһǿߣҿյףһڴ

˵ղǾ仰ֻҶȵĻôʱ˿̣ױĻˡ
һı鿴ѿڵϼһȷڶң
ֻڵĻҺοǰһֱѹںԲ磿ʡ
ϼһ㻹ǶİҶԣЦãЩʵˣ֮ʲô磿
֪ҡҡͷ
֪
Ҷɴ۾Ȼûϼһ֮ʲô綼֪ȥͻǸ磬ⲻǶʲô
ϣһġסڵоǿߣȫͣû֪֮ʲô硣
ʣĿ⸴ӵǣڣоǿ߶̽ͻǸ˵еľ硣
㶼̤öˣҲɾ磬Ҫ̽ԣҸϣðɣҶ˸ۡ
̾˿Ȼ꣬ҲֻǸո۷ѣ̤Բ̸ֺ֪̤Ǹ˵еľ磿
ΪʲôҿԣҶˡ
һѧ츳ƽ֮ڶĸϡڶû´Ļڤ빦ҴĹĽ֮Ҷ޷ţҿ϶ŲΪ֪ĻΪܹԽһսĻܲɷ֡սҪ˵䣬˫ԭҰ⡣
Ҷһʶſ죬ȴ֪˵Щʲô
һ棬ȻѴӳе֪ԼĸѧţԼĸ׵ۣȻòᡣ
һ棬ͬ˵С㿪ʼԺдڵġһֱδҲδ׷ʹΪ֮һ
ἰ£жЩΣ֮࣬Ҳԥθ͡Ǹصĳɫʹڵ顣
Сӣÿ˶ܣУҲСԣ㲻þθҽͣҶЩȤ
״ûֻϣܹʵʵҵԸ
ʦҡ
Ȼû׷Ҷܣ˵ЩȤҶԥǾһ£ܾв
ֻǡ
Ҷ˵ڣ㲻ͷػִϣˣҶ˵ˣҶЩܲȤң͵ȵͻǸ˵еľٸҰɡ
ðɡ
ҶԣֻýߵĻʻضӡ
ľѲͷҹ㣬հӵ۵
ৣ
ҶЦŻ֣һѽľץУظ̺ܵľ
ˣϼһм㡣Ҷľٴοڵ
ʲôЩ档
ôҶżɽʵ

֣ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͫ΢΢ŴüĿ֮亱¶˼־š
ţ
쳣Ҷһ̽ϼһ
ûСָҡͷϡ
ȻûΪֻɫҶš
ʲôʱɫˣ
ҶȻҶʾЩðɣҲ㣬ǰǸѾܶûϵˡ
Ϊʲô
ҶЩ棬ֱǸ֮й¡
СӣҸո˵ˣÿ˶ܡûܣ㵹׷ҵˣ
üͷһȻ䱻Ϊʵö˶˵ʲô
ġ
ôһ˵Ҷǲ˼ˣǱ
˼ǸѾͷϲ㣬֪һк󣬷ԼҲϲҵ⣿ɴ۾ʵ
š
Ҷ˵ͷ̲ס̾˿ҶҪһ棬Լһӡ
ٴҶĻȴͻȻĬˡ
ӳգıԵЩ죬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ϼһ⸱ʲô˼
ıҶӿ϶еĲ²⣬ȴûٴ׷Ĺϵ
ȻǷ䣬ûڷſɣͽܶûչһɬһЦ㲻ҵ
Ҷڻɽ֮ǰѾ˵һ㣬ô˵ϻ¶˼ʧ
״ֵ⣬Ҫһ㡣
ʲô
ӣὫһʵǸѾͷǸѾͷԼѡ񡣡
˵뵽ʲô겻ѣҲ˵ǸѾͷصߣԼȥģȥҡ֮Ҫ𷨣߱ĺҲ޼¡
ҶԣϵʧŨһʱ֪˵Щʲô
Сӣ֮ǿһԵɡͻȻ̾˿иж
ĸ̾Ҷеʧ˼֣ЦŵϼһƾղⷬҪ˵֮ûè壬ҴҲţ
ִ򣡡
ŭɫһӣһɨҶֱӽҶ⣬֮ϡ
ѲϼһһȣŹرյľţҶԼ
ûд𰸣Ҷ룬ûȥٴǽһΣһӰľһʯͷǰϥ¡
ಣಣ
ҶһüĽһӿľƾշƯԼǰ
ľͨ߶ı˲ʵԼȴǴۿۡ
ľҶδȡľһɬЦݡ
ΪԵʣʽ߲ͬ˵֮⣬107ҪѨԲӡ
ңֻ108ҪѨ֮вӣþ󣬷ɴﵽԲ硣
һҪľͨߵ108
ЦҶһſǿŴɫһĲľС
ƽʱˮͬҶûнһȥȻ߶ھȥӶеľ
֮֮ǰҶڵ45ҪѨв˾ӣҾֻչ±ѧΪͻɾ磬ΪѰǰء
ֻҪеľ׾ٵõ46Ѩ֮вӣʹ
һѧΪͻɾ磬̡ܹ
ɾ磬ͻưɣ
ŨľҶͣһʱȥա




382 粨

ʱ֣Ҷһֻһɽ֮дÿһδγһӰٶȼ졣
֪˶ãҶӰͣëɢëӿУƣΪ档
ڳɾҪˡ
΢紵ɢҶ˲ͷĺˮЩ˷ܡ
ʳľĵѧΪͻɾ磬ʳһľѾڵʮ߸ҪѨ˾ӣ׹ɾ磬ܺ;Ʒһʮ
УҶıٶȵ
ΪʿʺԶսսֻбŰɱķݡ
ֱӵʿٶȼΪҪ
׼ȷ˵һٶţʿߵجΣ
ͬ˵ҶҪɱˡҶɵɱУɱﵣ
һ£ٶʮ޷ģ
Ϊһ㣬ڹȥӦĿǰ⣬ʱϰ档
ͨϰѾɾҪˣܲ˷ܣ
Сӣⶼüȥˣôɾ磿ѵûȫľľ͵Ҷ˷ܵʱͻȻҶɻʵ
Ҷ֮ǰѾﵽžļޣľӦÿͻ۷徳Ŷԡ
ˡҶЦ
ô£ɻŨ
ŹЩ⣬ʵ׼ȷ˵ÿһ磬ҪľͨߵʮϡҶʵ
ʲʲô
ȻҶĻڶ˫޾ǿߣҲĿɿڴ㵽ʲô
ŹС߿108ҪѨвӣ൱ӵ108
108
һΣҶĻ˵ڣֵظˣ⡭ôܣ
һʼʱҲò˼飬ĿǰӦġѾڵ47ҪѨˣȵڵ72ҪѨӣͱͻ۷徳磬ԲҪȫ108Ѩȫӣ
ѵüĿɿڴҶ̲סЦҲҷľûͻ۷徳ԭ򡪡ľֻҪѨеľ
~
Ҷϸͣеľ˼֣Ȼֱ£뵽ʲô׷ʵ˵ﵽԲӵ108ӣͬߵ108
šҶͷ
ĵط𣿡ڴʡ
˾֮ͬ⣬Ʒ൱ͬߵʮڸһߵľƷʡҶ˵Ŀǰֻơ
ʲôֻƣ
ûСǵ˱˻ԡŹȻľԽԽͬ翰޵УҪ˵㻹ɱУ
ˣͽˡ
ҶЦŴȤȴҲףԼǰܹԽɱ棬̶ܴ϶̡档
һͬʱҶҲܺ棬ΪʲôĹԼ׵ļ
ȶԣԼǸɫĻʹʲô
ֱǸǸɫĻʹԶȡŹΪҪ
ϧľֻǰηЧĻҿȥЩľʱԲ硣һ֮£û˿˵㣡˵ţЩź
ҶԣԼǸɫʹڿؼһЩԪתΪԪԼգԼѸ磬תһ룬ַͷֻаպһҪúõóɫʹܡ
ͺñϴγɫʹڽ̫֮еǵǿĴ֮תΪԪӶʵڶʱͻͽҶһ
ʱҶ֪Ҷܣ¾Ͳһôˡ
ۿҶĬѯҶܵͷȻϢ뿪

ʱ򣬾͵Ҷϰصľݵʱ򣬺Ȼһɫ˶żͷ
ҶݣһƣǸо·˵ͽܣΪô
С̣ôˣҶЦʡ
Ǳ鷳صػšȳڣȻص
Ҷɫһ䣺ʲô鷳
Сɡ룬߳ľݡ
ҶĿͶȴڡ
ʦ˵鷳ֲΣգǸĵӡЦ
ô£Ҷüͷֱ⡣
ִֵﶫǺ󣬻ûվȽŸǵ˻֮С˵
ɵģ
ҶĶҶ껵Ӱжô
ǣҲǡ鲢ûв붫ǵңһж𡣡
ô˵ҶЩɻ
鳷˶ǣ
ҿյף͵Ӧ֪ڻĵĵݵأӴ൱ڶǵġǳ黹һЩǿĵиݵ磬֮⣬бصһЩһ˳ǣʼ̺ͺڽ⣬»Ҳ
Ҷԣ˫ȭɽա
Ѿˣ൱ӵӰ죬Ϊȥǣȣûеϵֻƾһ֮޷ƿؾơ
˵ıҲЩˣǻҲͣЩƱػִֵɣ;Ӱܴ󡣡
٣ΪӰҰֵ;Ȼ˺УñǮҶüĿ֮ŭ⣬Ǹо޲ɱȥ
Ϻµȥǳȥģֱóǵĵ̣⡣

ҶϿɳķͬʱ˼Ӧ֮ߡ
µֽ⣬Ψ棬Ժκڡ״ѵҲصظϻ֪ͨԭ򡣡
ԺκڣҶ˼
ԣ
ͷȣ֮ͬǰ˵ǵڶ࣬ϵ۸ӣþ׻֯ȥֹⳡңѡ
ߣĿǰǱ߾ƲȣûվȽŸҾ׻֯˶ҶӪˣǷֻ֧˵
󣬹ٳйٳĹ򣬽нĹԶ׵öࡣ
Ȼˣǰǡ
Ҷ˼Ϊ˵ԺκǴõİ취
Ϊҹ˳û꣬Ʋȣ۸ӣ׻֯ǸƿҪ½ҪСġѵ⣬򲻵ѣҪ߼ˡԽԽã
ΪҰֵ;Σ
Ҷۣɱէ֣


383 ޲
̨
ܲ
ǰһֱ⣬һĹӣڱ̨ϣһƣɽׯľɫһı顣
һСƤڵˣճˮ鶫Ƿֲĸˣ˳ˮү
ʱͨʱŶǱߵľơ
磬ոյǱߵϢҶ껽֯˾֡׻֯ǰ´һЩٿר飬оƽϢҵķӺװĳˮµ绰µ鱨㱨⡣
оʲô𣿡
ˮĻ㱨Ȼһյı飬ƺһҲҶ껿ƿؾơƽϢҡ
ʱ֪Ӧˮһա
ˮ΢Ц˵׿׻֯ǰ´˲˵ŵ˿ɶǻˣ൱ŽᣬҲ൱⡪Ҷõǵֺ֧ѡʧȥǵ֧֣Ҷ껾ǹ˾һûá
ٴ绰ʿսʲôǺǰóӦ֮ߡ
á
ˮ˵ͷԥһ£ʳ⼸һֱͷɻ󣬡磬ǸôĴֻۣΪҶ;漱᲻òʧ
ᡣΪҶοսǣΪǶȥ
ҡҡͷһǵһǲȹʱ䣬ҶƾҶҵ֧վȽŸǶֵĻǵʧδؾͱ١
ֱļƻղ˵Ǵңһ⡣޷⣬˵;漱ʱᱻ붫ǣҺпʧȥȨ˵ʸ
һ붫ǣǱɱضǣǵһСһʧȥϽ˵ʸ񣬰ܸ׹ΣҶǸϲһ׼һȡҶҳΪĵһټҡһǱ˾Ե̣εƿػĵ硣
Ҳ˵ǿǰǿԶ˳ⲽ嶼һ塣
˵ͣһ£˿ںƣɤӣֽŵοճٵ˼ֻҪܹҶ̨鱻߳ģҲֵõġ

ĽͣˮԵ
ⲽ岢ģǳ١
˵䣬뵽·֣ЦϷкü籾ôҪĿǰ˵ŽĻϷںͷ
ĿԴˡ
ˮȻЦŶƱ
顪
Ʊײˮ˽аĺһһЦ
涨
ϵЦݱ⻹Ҫá
ͬʱ
ڶ׸֯ٿרҶ껣ȴһܲ
鿪ʼòλԱԣоƽϢҵİ취׻֯ǰ´⣬˾ֵȲŵĸȫǴǻ̸ûʵԵĽ鲻˵Ƥ߻Ҷ껣ҶԼ÷
Ҷִдδֹ
ȥսϵʱЩҲǶ˾ηЩԱ
Ҷ껿ЩԱǷô򵥣пǱҪͬǰδ½һظ
˵ǶĿǰľ޲ߣ䷢չȥ
ڣһλԱèشǻҶЩˣʵ
֪ǰĸطְõΰõġǴҵ˼÷ǰķִоСҶջʣ˿ڻص
ǵģǴҶ˼λԱ׷׵ͷ͡
Ҷ껼״üͷšһ
ڹȥһЩ֮УڸִڼΰãһΪ̫ԺգǾ׻֯ᾡŬĹһΪһֵЩţ񲻸Ρ
޷õ˵֧֣Ϊ׻֯ԶиԵʣ̾ڶĵڶ֮࣬⣬кڰᡢ޸֯ǿ֯
֯֯һȫһĵľǿ֯ƣԶ½ЩҶ껾η
ǻоŻ
Ҷ껳ĬΣ仰˼⣬λӦеĺ塣ҵǣȽͷĿץ
Ǹһ¡ķɺͻĴ½ķͬûгֵ֤֤ӷȨвǵģᱻǵʦߡ
˾ܲӵشϵ֮⣬֯ڰᡢ޸֯ɽ鶼ǾЩ֯ڶǵͷĿֻһִߣĻľ߲ǡһǼ㽫ץˣҲû塪Щ֯ȫµִߡ
ǾɱӺȫһ֣Ҷüͷ
ڹȥѾץ˼ˣǶǸײԱвϵĳԱǲδֱӲ֮С
ٴοڵҲ˵ǾһȫҲֻǴǵĵײԱⲢܸıҵľ档
ףи顣
һֱĬ׻֯´ݿˡ
˵Ҷ껽ĿͶݣ֮¶żϣ
λҹΪ˳ġ˳¶ĵƽⱻƣ̺ͺڽ⡣
ݿҶ껣ɫܹһͳελȻֹ
һҶûһҶеڴʧӰ٣ȡ֮ʧ
ףҵ˼ǣǷ԰зһͳζǵ磿˵ԼĽ顣
У
Ҷ껺ܸɴؾܾˣܵı֣Ƕ԰ԼЩĸٵ裡
ۿҶ껾ܾݺʶȤѡĬ
Σ˵ͷĿסȻ󽫵ҡҶֿڵ
ţ
Ҷ仰ڣоһµҶ껵ڡ
õġ
ݺϵشӦȴҶ껶Ҫˮһա
ݣЩλԱҲͬ뷨Ͼ¶ϷŰЦݣƺڳЦҶ껵档
ɢᣡ
Ҷ껼״δֻޱɢᣬȻʼǱüͷسȥ
ͬʱ
һܴӶȵĿͻ׼ʱȹʻ䡣
Ҷÿ͵Ⱥ߳ͨ
һ졣
˶ǣȻϢ




384 ӧЧӦ
ҹĻ٣칫¥ֻΪļ칫ŵƹ⣬аҶ껵İ칫ҡ
칫ҶվشǰŽµƹ貵ȳǣüͷͬ翪ʱһȻһһһĪչӡ
顪
ŵ𣬽Ҷ껴˼ʵֻͷҲδص˵
֨
һ죬űƿһ۾˽
ǣŵˣȥԵ㶫ɡΪҶ΢΢Ƿӣѵ
Ҷڽʱ飬˴Ҷ껵ְصؽ˹
֮⣬ǰĻרְ˾һ׻֯ĳԱ
š
Ҷ껵˵ͷʣٲԶ£ԷĻ顢˾ҲûԷˡ
ǣգҪǳȥҸв
ˣСҸݳ԰ɣԼסҶ
ǡͼ˵ʲô
ôˣҽûʲôθڡҶ껿ЦŰִϣȻȥ
˼״̲ס̾˿
ΪҶȻ֪ҶĿǰ⡣
Ҷڴ½ְĻĻǱ
֮̾࣬Ҳܺ棬ҶΪηƽĵطȥҪΪٳĶǵס
ʮӺ
Ҷ껶صλȽһ̩ʽı
ţ
Ҷͣ³ֱߵſڣҪָͨʶţͻȻͣ˿УĿͣǰӡϡ
΢ҶջĿ⣬ִʶϣֻ֡һŴ򿪡
ҶһȻɳһӰ
С
߻谵Ҷ껻һۿҶԭء
֣տ֡Ҷ΢Ц
£ҶһüĽ˸ӿڿϣˮ
⣡
Ҷԣоһ
ҶǾ俴ͨտ֣ͷ·һҸ֮ĵط˲䱻ж⡣
ллл
ж֮࣬Ҷ껵ЩЩ
ԭ绰Ӱ쵽Ĺû򡣡Ҷ˵ţָָ˼ˣȼ
á
ҶЦŵ˵ͷůġ
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ܿ죬ߵڶҶһƿę́Ҷ껵ƣҶ̲סʵ
ˡҶ˵ָԼһ
顪
һ̡
Ʊײ𣬸һ
ɵӣӦҸյġжҶ껵ӿֳ˼Ρ
˭˭һҶЦЦ˿⡣

Ҷ̲ס̾˿˵ʲôȴ֪˵ڡ
ˣ֣ôҶҶڶƣʵ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶼֪ˣ
šҶͷԭһɽʦȥˣС̻صɽ˵ߵ顣
ҶĻҶûмڿڡ
ΪǸҶǣô򵥡
жϳһҶ껵ҲûʵʵҶ
˼ǣ㰤ȥЩͷĿƣֹͣңҶһ±Ҷ껵Ĵ㡣
Ҷ껵ͷ
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Ҷ껳Ĭ
һ㣬翪ʱ뵽ˣڻһֱڿ취ĿʵʩԣԽԽóɹʺܵ͡
֣⣬ܶ鲻棬齻ɡۿҶ껳ĬҶӧ
Ҷһѿʵô
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Ҷ˵˳飬ʵʩûãȳߵƶ
С
Ҷҡͷˣղ˵½ͬڶ಻˵Щ֯ﲻ֣Σա
֣ģڵʵ벽֮µ߼˲ҡҶһŵ
ҲС
Ҷ껻ǲͬ⣬Դù򽫰ͽ󣬰׼뷽跨ѼΥ֤ݣù㡣Ժκµľ棬пܻᱻ׼ץѱ
֣Ҳ˵ˣһֱ׼Ҷҵ֤ݣϧ֤ݣһζûгɹҶһΣҲǵóѣ
ҶĻҶ껲Ҷںྩֳķ粨
ȻҶÿһζֳܴƣȥʮΣգƽ£ɹù򣬶ܹð׼޼ƿʩ
ǲС
ӿ֣ҶȻҡͷܾҶ飬ù򣬵϶Ҫڰᡢ޸֯ɽЩȫ֪ĵͻԭ֯ǿĵˣʮΣա
֣ɣЩľϢĿǰƸңĥһ£ܲһȫ֮ߡҶ껵ԼİΣҶ˶ΣûмҶ껴Ӧ
ðɡ
ۿҶһִţҶ̲ס̾˿вǸζ
һʼǵ׵ĿıǰҶԸ飬ûﵽҶ˵ԼǱ齫һǱҡҪҶ⣡

ɽ
صĳľǰǻúջ̲ס˷š
֨
ֹͣŵ˲䣬Ӧ
ľľϣŹ飬Ŀתؿš
ʦھЩҪɵȥЭСߵǰ΢΢Ƿʾ
ЩòšͷҲû̧

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ھЩĵ֮һΪ뿪ɽȥǼʧܵԵʣһֱҸἰȴû뵽Ȼ֪顣
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ˣҶɽȥִҲиˡ
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ˣԡ
˵ҪӰ쵽Ҷ껵;пҪѪϴ飡͵
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ԣ΢΢۾о˸ͬʱָʲô
״Ҵţվһԡ
ҪǰչˡƬֹ̺ͣ㣬Щڴ
֪㵽ʲôһԻ󣺡ʦ˼ǣ
ЧӦ⣬ĶǷ籩Ϊչ֮սĿʼЦЦʣСҪδĸˣ


385 ˳ᢣӦ֮
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Ȼ˶ûþƳƾΪĻԶͨˣƾ˵Ӱ΢΢ͬˮһ㡣
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ףҪ鱨ҵѾ鵽ˣ㿴ô㣿ʵ
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Ҷԣһ䣬ȻҸ䣬ҷʼɡ
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ݺܸɴشӦԥһ£ʵףȥЩͷĿ̸ֹͣҡ
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ʱûãʼΪаѹɽǰ·Ҷɫ֮¶š
ҶеţеɻŨҲҶ껲ûûȤؼ׷ʣǿҶ˵绰
ˣüëˣҶ껾ȻˣѵʲôƲɣ
ͨݽӵҶ껵Ķţţ̲סԼ
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ݷѾ˼ҲûȻǼΪĿǰһ֡
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һ죬ѸʾϣĿǰȽ漶ʼǱԷһ졣
ͬʱҶ⣬תص
СļжϸϣЩĵ̡ڽͷĿľϢ
ҶߵɳԵʱҶָָļļļ׻֯⴦ֻֻҪرպ󣬱Զ٣̨ʼǱϵͳ
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Ҷ˵ͷ׻֯غѵ֪׻֯һֱֶΡ
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Ҷÿλã˵ֲĿǰľȻңһܶסҲò֮
ҶЦЦû˵ʲôǱʼǱԺ͵Դ¥ǰ鷿
Ҷ껼״δȥȻϢ߳Ժ
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Ϊϵѷʽ
Ժ󣬾͵ҶԺӵͬʱҶ鷿
鷿ռֻʮƽңԷǽϹһ70ıʾֱӱʼǱ
ֻһۣҶ㿴鷿񶼲ϵȵľĴ죬Ϻܳ֡
һĻһ뵽ҶÿγԷ˶ԡԡΪ׼׸ȫһүǰңʮֵڼԼ
򵥴һ鷿ҶջĿ⣬űʼǱߵǰϵԴȻǷ˱ܳļϸ
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ΪɽĴڣȻձѾΪ˵һݣ֯δձ
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ͬˣʦӦĵʿ绮ֺʿһģҲһ˼Ȼ
Ҳ˵̩Ϊȷȫ൱ڹӶһ۷徳ߺһ۷徳ʿ
ֱôֱݣ
൱۷徳ʿ߼ʦǼΪټģ

˽˶ǵķֲ֮ҶʼǱʾϣȻͨʼǱƳһĵͼڵͼϱ˸ķֲ
һУҶߵʾǰԼֻƵĵֲͼǷڸϢɿתŴԣ˼Ӧ֮ߡ
֪˶ãҶüͷɿ˫۷ػصǰ˫ֻһӰôẓ̇ԼӦ֮߼¼
顪
Զ³ǰ׵ʱ鷿ű죬Ҷ껲ҶڣŶ롣
С֮ͬǰ˵²ò֮Ϣһ°ɣȥ͡
ҶǰҶ֪Ҷ϶һûϢʮָӣижΡ
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Ŷ
ҶĻҶͫ׶ȻŴںĵʹ£첽ߵǰ
Ҷ΢ЦλøҶ껡
Ҷ£꽫ĵһҳϸؿ
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ͬ½ص׻֯´һ׻֯´ҲӵԼİ칫أλȽԶ
˵ӵʱΪ׻֯˵׼ʱ˰칫ҡ
ǰŸս칫ңű˽ȥʾݽг̣ǰðšÿҪ
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顪
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֨
õݵؾŶ룬ʺõΣҡ
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أʵ
ΪӪһȣĵ࣬ȹĵΪûȥЩСĺڰҲûͻؾص
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ؾ״ʶȤûҴš
ؾ֮ǰ˵ǰһֱ֮󣬻ҲͣǰɣĬƬ̣ʵ
š
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Ŀǰľ˵ѾǻüëˣҶ껼Ȼʮ㣬ӦͳֲŶ԰
ʮֺ棬̲סԼͨؾĻ㱨Կ϶Ҷûг֣򲻻һ쳣ûС
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οɻʵ죬ײһڰ칫¥һֱûἰڻҵ飬ЩԾ
Ҳ֣Ϊ֪ʲôĻݿЦ
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˵ţ뵽Ҷ껽ӵ绰ʱ쳣׸ͨʱȥš
ţοһ㶡
ǵģڻȫͬƺаֹλҡʵ˵ţжҶҪôӵĺ档
ѵѾֹҵİ취ǡһʲôûο̲סʵݣԼ
һΣû˵ʲôοҲʶԼôʣǺ䣬Ҷ˵绰
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ͬ˵
Ҳͬ

۾˵Ļʣ¼ĹǸɳԱȺ󿪿ڱԼʮͳһΪԻ֡
ûоԵ顣
Ƕǵı̬Щ⣬̩üͷһҪô죿
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Ϊƻʣ̩֮ǰֵĻ鲢ûʲôǾԲӦ䡪̬ķչƶӦ֮ߡ
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У̩Ϊ
ҶĵһʱʶΪҶɱģ뾡һа취ʱ䣬ͼߺظǰ
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392 ɱʤǿ

ۿҶԼĹûжѡӲӲЦһʶΪҶǼʯͷĸӦҶֻ߼սʿ߼սʿôֵ˰˼սʿĹ
һйս˹ҲǾҶ
ô
ѸٱץΪƣƿȭ
顪
ȭײٷеɽײһ˹еľͬʱŷ֧ľӣɱһžĴ졣
žžž
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ͬʱҲ⵽ķȻ˿ȳĽӡ˫ֱû˵档
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ô
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ҹĻ£ʶ˫֣סѪĿҶ˫Ψһ¶˫ۡ
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Ϊжϳֻ൱Բİ˼սʿΪ׼˺Ҫ׽ԼڹʱСɱУԺĹҶûжɱСɷ졯ӲӲ
Ѿ̤ɾ磬Ʒ൱۷徳ߡ
һʮ˱ɷڶأͨȭ׼ӳ֣ͨ۷徳һʮ
Ҳ൱ͨԲߵ36
ȻʮǰΪ൱Բߵİ˼սʿӵзḻɱ飬츳ƣʼ޷ͻս񾳣ҾƷҲֻ൱һԲߵı
ΪˣҶƾɱСɷ졯Ӳصֵס˺ûж似ǰµȫһȥ˾ҵ𺳣
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˵һϵмƻںе˲䣬Ҷƶ˺ˡ
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һ棬ԣɱĻֻиղһΣʧܵĻԺʵͲɱ飬˹֣ɣ
һ棬ûкλɱḻ޵а˼սʿҶʮİնɱ˹
ҶͬʱӾһʧȥƽ⣬ҡڣ·ʱ
Ȼ
ȴŬرƽ⣬ȻضҶǸоƺȻ޷ܣΪ˼սʿ޵еĴڵҶ﷭
ѾԿ϶Ҷǡս˫ޡҲ޷ʵΪѪҺʧӲ԰׵ϣд˲ģ
顪
ܺǧزģҲ޷ıĿͨѪӿڣٵˤڵء

غĺǴһ㣬ϳ鴤˫۵ɵùԲʼࡢ٣ۿͻˡ
ܿ죬ĺƽԭ԰׵Ҳָ˼Ѫɫ
عⷵգ
˻عⷵյף
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ţư˼սʿ޵еĴڣ
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Ϊ߼սʿĺΪȫ˾֮УӦͷӦȲΣսʱѾʧȥ˶ĻᣬҶɵһ´͸˺
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桭ң㡭㡭㵽˭
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ǸҶǳźģҪ֣
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ৣ
˹ɫһ䣬Ȼͣ½ŲͼתߣһҶɵӱ
Σգ
˹һҵѸԾһԡ
ͬʱҶһӰ˹ԡ
쵰
˹ŭһ첲ȻһȦէ˶ȭͷһ㣬ҶԴ
~
һȭ˹óǿʵһȭȭ𵴣˺ѣȭͷ֮һƬա
ۿ˹ڣҶ֪ԷҪƴûɵؼӲӲǴرâ絯ȥĵһ㣬Ȼֵ˻ȥ

˹һȭգѪһ󷭹ŭһҪٴߡ
ߣ
ҶһһüĽ˸һεüӿȻϢ˹üӡѨ˹ڣ˹

Ҷڶ˹ȫһ󣬵·
񹥻
ӦҶ˹ŵɫһ䣬æȫػβͣ
ݣ
ݣ
ʱ
ƿİһ㣬ٴ
Ҷɵڿն𣬷ֱͣε˹
˹ոס񣬵ֵסҶͻȻӦɵɱŵɫ䣬㡣

ХһҶɵ˹Ķ϶ŵ˹ֹͣ

ţڶҶɵ˹ĺġ
Σʱ̣˹һ䣬ǱҶɵŷɹĵıëϸѪܣѪ쭡

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˹һŭֲִٻӳƵǰͼҶĹ
顪
꣡
ȭײͷѵ˹ֱϡ
ҶȭȭƲ˹࣬ĲӬһ㣬ֱӽ˹ҷڵأ
͡
壬˹˲䱻飬һѪĿ⿪ʼûɢ
һ
׷Ĳ̤ǰĲ·




393 һս֮
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ϰ壬ǰҪ󣬽ɽʣĳԱȫɵˡ
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ۿ˳ĬҶ֪Ҷƶļƻ˳Уȴʮָӡ
Ϊ
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һУǶԴƴģ




394 ĻȨ
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ʱ䣬̩㰴Ҷָʾɳߺظˣ컢ľӢѪϴ˺ڰ;޸֯ǷֲɵڶǵʽԱ
졢׼ݡ
Ѫϴжʵдա
ѪϴжҲڶȫȻ󲨡
ȫЩ֪ĵΪϴ̩ˣ򲻻ΪʣЩСĵΣ»ǣ
һУԭҵĶǵͻȻ֮䰲ЩС׷̵ֹͣΪǵȴŽľƱ仯
ڵڶϵʱȵһ롪̩붫ʣϴڵڻܲоۻᣡ

ĵڻܲɽׯɢǰЩɽׯۿȥЩĳԱһ˸߲ҵģ
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ƺϵЩϴ̩ûиеȣǼĿǰѾͨĹϵ׻֯ڵزŻйעЩĶֹ̬ЩԱ붫ǣ

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·ֻǶԸԼĻûҪһɳ벽ǿߣҪԼ͸һ򾡣
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ΪԲȴӵնɱ벽ʵҶ껣Զˣ

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ҶӿֳһֵͷǸоǰʯȻеǰδеľ֡

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ӺһͷԵڵأѪĭʼҵس鴤һƬɷס
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ȻҶ֪ʱνս־ںһģ֪ԼղŵΪֹġ·ͬ顣
ν˼壬ָϽʹõͨͨķʽ˲伤ǱܣʵΪֲ
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406 ֣ͬɱ 
ӦҶ껵ıϮɫһ䣬æƣ
ΪҶɱĽݹȵ¼˶Ҷ껵ļɵȶҶļɵࡣ
ȻԼղһƾܹҶȴ޷Ҷ껵ı͵ϮпҪȥҶᣡ
ৣ
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һȻնһγԣơٶȶҪǿϲ١

ն£Ҷδѡһվԭء
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ӦһĻȻ˺˵ɴ۾ֻҶ껷ˡ
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ʱ·ֹͣ
·𶨸
Ŀɿڴ
Ҷ𺳡
Ҷ껰׶Ŀɨˣס





407 ֣ͬɱ 
⣡
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Ϊ벽սǿߣ˴Сʼβɱʶ˲似ûһ似Ҷ껸ղһȭᲢۣ
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ಡ
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ৣ
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֣·Ҳ˶ǣǱ뾡뿪
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408 ɽһս 
ৣ
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ҶֻüҶһأ
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Ͼһ;·٣ڵеԽԽǿˣ׻֯ػĵʧĽ޷ԤϵĴ
˵ˣɱǣҲȫúڰᡢɽ;޸֯ڹ
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ô

һս
ҪƴһΪ͸֧
ֻΪöӻš


409 ɽһս 
žӵĴ߶һҶӿ֣תΪѪ˱һɫѪ⻷֡
ǳڶԼʵţʶҶ껵ȫһҶ껵ı仯·δֹֻǾؿš
ţţ·üͷһ
ǰҶ껵ѪԽԽŨΧĹ⻷ҲԽԽƲϵ·ֹ
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ΧԪܵٻһ㣬ٵҶ껵ͷϿվۼһԪԪ֮룬ۼһ
͡
Ժ󣬾͵ɾתΪѪԪ֮Ҷһ磬һڱѪ
ৣ
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գҶΪ޸˾ͽˮþŵαѪáǾ󡯣óʮۡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷֱ³һڣԶԶ˾ŵΡ
ҶıѪѸ˵ǵɫĹ֮УһѪùɫˡ
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֪˵ʲô
ҶشҶĻѵ껣˵ԷǷ֤ݣе֤СӸ޷ϴԣ㲻Ҫžǲܵ飡

ҶԶԡ
⣬㣬һΣҶСð年֯ͽ˵㽫׼˽ȥһΣĻᣬ׼ҾԲŹ
ҶѵҲ˵Խᳬ̶֮ǰ뱣侲㲻ẦԼ㻹ẦҶң
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ΪҪǣԵǰľ棬֪βܾȳҶ
Ҷ껲ں;ֻҶİΣһߣҶԼİΣȴҶ껵;
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سϣҶΪףֺųδĽӰˣӦûǵĹ֪顣
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Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪԼԼ֪
ݵ⣬㣬Ϊ˲㸸֪㵽˰´ûʵɡ
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üĿ֮һ˿ŭ⣬Ҫ
ֻǡ
Ļ˵ڣ㱻Ҷһ仰ŵľ
תӣǺܺãڵƿ֮ǰһнпܣ


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ҹλڶİɽׯһƬټıֻŵƹ⣬Եø塣
һԡ˾ͽˮûһڤҲûӰӢϷڵǰ˫°ͷ
ԴǶҶǰȥѰ˾ͽˮϾͽ״̬ƺʲô鶼᲻ȤԼڷ˳Է֮⣬š
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ʵϣڹȥЩӿֳҶ绰ĳ嶯ÿÿ󶼷ˡ
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СˣĿͣǸϵϣȻ
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׻֯ǰ´ܼÿһ㶼һѶңѶէһȥ;Ѷһޣǽڡţϻʶģ÷ֻƾ辢ĻԲǿ߶޷ƿ
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ҶĻһЦҶ׻֯涨ûȨϵұ뽻ϵķϣѶ
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ߣΪҪǣҶĿŵضߵͬ³֣ôҶս׻֯׻ۣ֯
ʱԳ棬ҲȲҶ




419 ȡ㹷
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ҶŭЦеɱܲȴǽѹţ˲
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ͷ­䴩һͷԵϣ̵ѪҺ͵ر

ͻһĻʣ׻֯ԱĿɿڴӽӲվԭأһܡ
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ƺǿǽԶҶһһݰȫ

Ҷ״һǽ֮еҶɵȻɳУѪɼ

ҶɵϵʺѪҶǹɱϢһޱߵĿ־׻֯ԱС
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Ҫɱǣǲ֪ݹ·飡
ûһ˸ɵģ
֪飬Իһʱϻ㱨ΪŰ
ſ־֮࣬Բ׻֯Աȿģʣ׻֯Աԣæͷͣݻޡ
ȻҾ׻֯ԶԶ̸Ϲƽ壬Ҳǳ֣ǰǲҪҡ
׻֯ԱĻ˵Ŀ־壬Ҷݵ·ϲȥҶɵϵѪУĥ⣬ǵжԶԶ

ûκԥ
˵ſڵ׻֯Ա·ֲĻ˽ӵһ㣬һʱÿ
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ҶȥıӰ׻֯ԱоڹŹϻһȦ亹죬˿
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ʣ׻֯ԱҲȻѣһϵͨѶ´֪ͨˣκ˲Ҷߣ
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һྩרһǰ׼ʱڻ䣬ɸزɵĵԱȺӻ߳»
Ȼ׻֯ϵ󣬵ΪǣҶ껵⣬Ϊ˸߲ɳĵ鲢û׻֯Ϊܸɲλеε鳤߹׻֯óϺ͢γ鳤
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Ҷ껵ıӰЩ겻ѡ
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ҶǵȻ΢ЦڣеԱǾһ㱡
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绰ͷͷɿ˵λõĶԲߣûг·йᣬҲûзһУҶ˵ӦԣһԵƸڶ
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͢ٷϻͨɫص˹
سϣôˣ
Ϊ˱ʾԺ͢أδϳҶ껵˵ͬվڿ˹ǰȴۿ͢ɫԣ̲סʵ
ݱҶɱˡ
͢Ŀ⸴ӵؿҶ껣ڣСȴ羪ը죡




421 Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
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ǣΪɱ׻֯ԱߵĴɣǴ׻֯۵Ϊ׻֯Բ飡
ڹȥһЩ֮У߲֪ߵغɱ׻֯Ա׻֯ȫ׷ɱ
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Ҷɱ׻֯ӸλݣʱЩ߸Ϊأ
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͢¶Ǹ⣬ȻҶٴνĿͶƵûͣͬŻ棬ƺ뿴Ҷɱݵġ
ľһֲɵɱɱУСӿ湻˼ܵİʦıŵӣ
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سϣӦÿˣҶӽ¶ݵĳоʱ¶֮ɫڼӳҶ˵һСҶɱݺ󣬲δ˶֣
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껣²ܿƶϣý֤ݡ
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سϣ֪뱣׻֯ûڲ壬Ϣྩ˻ô룿
Ҷŭ죬ת䣬ʱĳЩһƲֻΣ

Ҷ껵ŭ⣬͢Զԡ
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ðɣ껣һ䣬˵֤ݱȷ֤ݡ
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һҶ޷ó֤ݵĻô㲻֤·ᣬջǻᱻ϶ɱ׻֯ԱƲã
֮⣬Ҷ֮ǰɱڰᡢɽ;޸֯˵ʱ򣬶ٻ˿һ̩ǶƵָ֤
Ͼľ棬ҶҲӻǰ£ǰ׼ӪȫҶҶɣ
껣Ҷ죬ĿǰľƣΨһĻ·Ǹʦ뿪ģ̤뻪һ
Ϊ֮ǰΪЩۿҶ磬̾͢˿һ顣
̤һô
Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
ŭɱݣֻҶĵһ




422 ܲϲü
301ҽԺĻľҽԺӲʩʩȵλһ
ľҽԺӵȽҽʩּרҸʤ
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ҲҪϽϵļ𣬲пܽԺƣ磬Ҫﵽ
˵ľҽԺȫһҽԺôԺõҽԺ
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ʱȻţҶ̫үʲô̡
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Ҷ̫үһ˷ڲϣŴϦ
Ϧӳӣ˿ؿϲƣƤɱƣݣȦѪ˿ܲһһϢĸо細⼴ɽͷϦ
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Ҷ̫үĺӣҶԭµ첽򲡴
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Ҷ̫үջĿ⣬ޱؿǵǵҶ
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ջǷڶǣǰԶģĿǳָŵ顣Ҷ˵ţϸֳ˼ŭ⣬ŭֵȻ޴档
ȻεȫҶ͵ʴסҶ껲ĻĻð׼ץס᣿
Ҷ֪һ㣬οƾǻҶһ֮۵Ҷ̫ү

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֣껵鵹˵Ͼûʲô飬Ҳûʲô֤ݡ
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ҵĻû˵ꡣ
Ҷ̫ү˵ţһ˿ֱ̣ܿȡ껺Ҷ֮ݣϳҶңͬʱƣҶҴδϹҶ

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ĬΣҶǿѹסǹɱˣʣֻʹ껵ӣ
ӣԼԼҶ̫үһϧ

ֵҶ̾ˣ̾ʵ֣껵ʱҪΪ˾Ҷ飬ô죿
ȻҪϳҶңȻǲܹԸܹʱͷɡ
Ȼ˵Ҷ̫үףҶ껵ӣƴϾϵԴҲȥҶ
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ĺԺ鷿ոմϸϻྩİ׹Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܣϵЦôҲβסû뵽ҶǸ־Ȼɱ׻֯´ΣһҶҲҪ˵סҶ껵Ҫ֤Ҷ껰ȻҲɣ
Ҷ껿ܰȻ𣿡ԶЦ
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ҶȻҪҶ껺Ǹ˽ӵӣҲҪȵҶ껵ĵ֮ˡ
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423 𣬸Ͼɱ
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ҶסǶԺСͬҶʱһſǿע˾ʯԱߣǺ
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Сǡ
СǵǺɢ˾ͽˮڱſڣС֡
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Сǣ𣿡
С߽˾ͽˮḧСǺëʵ
С˾ͽˮĻһ㣬صͷӦ˾ͽˮ

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·Ϊ˸˴Ƶģݺݵ˵ϣѪĭǴһ㣬ҳ鴤
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ⱻҶһƳ鷭ڵأ


432 ѪѪȾķ 
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ٴҶĻʣʮ׻֯Աɫһ䣬Ǳ˪һ㣬ֱˣϵս⼱½
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촫һҶĽŵӿǿкĵ֮У˲佫ĵ;顣

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ţ
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433 ѪѪȾķ ʮ
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Ҷֵľٶʣʮ׻֯Աһ
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ݡ
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͡
ҶɵֱӸĺ̵ѪѹˮǹˮһҶһ
Ҷ⣬ҶɵĨĲӡ
һ


Դּң̵Ѫ߿գѪš
ѪҶһûȥǽֻõǰ˴𰸡
Ѫϴ飬ֻǸʼ


434 ѪѪȾķ ʮһ
Ѫϴ飬ֻǸʼ
Ҷͳͻͨߵ׼ȷش˳·ĶС
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֪Ҷ׺ֶΣɽ˵ֻҶУҲţҶѾѪϴɽׯ
ǣûǸҶ˵һжġ
вһ˿ĪĿ־塣
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ͯףȰ̴µ뿪ɽţ罫кɣ
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㲻Ϸĵϵܷأʶͺõ˲ٺôʱѣҲǸرˡ
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֣ͯͻȻĬˣеĿ־Ǳ꽽һ㣬ʼɳٶȾˡ
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ҶǱ̨Ѫϴɽׯɱ˷ΡõҪ͢㱨

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435 ѪѪȾķ ʮ
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մӶ𣬳˳ĵɽׯɽׯĻľԡ
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һĵ峿ɽׯ֯Աȴе䡣
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Ӻֻ𶯵𣬳·ֻһʾһƬհףһ롣
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·Ҳ֪ͨʱ䳤˻ĿǰΪȽ豸ͨһʱ䳤ˣҲ׷ٵģǿżɽ

·Ļ׹ǰһʾ·˵
ڸղţҵõ׼ȷϢǸǱ̨Ѫϴܲɽׯ˵ɱ׻̨֯´ηֱ׻֯Ĺ涨ͻķΪ·˵ţԷ֯й̸ֲֻ
ৣ
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ڰ׹εľ·δе⣬ֻŰ׹ΡҸṩϢ˵ģЩϢԸҶҸӡ
ȻҶǵʧʾź˵ԽԽ
׹𸴣ͨҼС壬һΣȻҼ̤ˡûܻ˹أ
а仰Ҿͷˡ·ԣ˿
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Уұֹ
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֪Ǻ͢ˡΪ͢ΪǿߣҶ껸޷Ӧ͢ϢֻŲ
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껣ˣҲµ㣬̸̸͢ҡͷ˵Եú׽
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껣ҸղŽӵһ㱨
͢ƺҲ֪û˼ֱ⣬ȷϢҶǱ̨ڸղѪϴܲɽׯ

ͻϢҶȻЩ׼ȴȻˡ
·֮׻̨֯´ηǰҪֹɱ⣬ɱ˷ֵ֮ʮ׻֯Աɱ⣡
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֮⣬ҶϴµصĶӳ·ͨ׳ݡ֯й֤ݣ͢ɫѿز
~
ٴ͢ĻҶʶҶһ˼֣±䱻Ϊسϣ׻֯ΪߵĻȺݡҪԱ뾳ᣬصʧְ

֪͢Զԡ
Ҷ֮ԻߵزȫΪǵʧְƵãҶٴοڣֱӸ׻֯ñӣΪҶϴˢ
껣ҳ֮ǰ˵ʵݺͷΪ׻֯ʧְ
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ˣ껣ҲҪ̧ˡ
͢Ҷ껵֪Цһɲ̧ܵģϵӣֹѪϴţſɲǵֹѪϴţ˫һ
ҿ԰˵ȥ뱣֤Ҷƽ£ȻҶ֪͢˵ʵȡ档
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436  һ
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һҪ飺ֻǸոͻư벽




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ɽ̨нɴñɽ֮ϪԴУԭɽλڴͻɽȺ߷ɽϲ࣬λúӺνɽˮһɫ
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Ϊ֪Ҷնɱڵĵӣ˿ϢĹȺ«Ҷ߶Ⱥ«µȻ޷ӦҶϢ
ԼҲ޷ӦҶϢжϳҶʵʵ
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ЩŵӵĻ½Ӿлع񣬳ֹ
ͬʱͯװս⣬Χһ޷ԶϺɫú졣
ͯսϢţҶɵ׻֯Աһʱˡ
Уɫһ䣬üĿ֮žȡ
Ϊزͯ׵ϢȷϢҪǿ
׻֯ϼأͯԲ޵дڣʵȷҪһЩ
ͯ׵Ϣȷǿֻһֿܣͯͻ˰벽
ৣ
ȹ˲ԼͬؿҶҶıûĺһ㣬û˿ı仯Ҳδͣһ
ѡѵлɱ벽ǿߵʵ
ҶĵϵľȸŨеӿһʡ
ܣ
ڣ׻֯Ա׷׷ֿԡ
ȻĿҶɱһĻؼǵãҶڳ֮ʱûԱҶδ̤벽
ѧʵ֣벽Բȫͬĸһԣ߼ûնɱǰߵĿܣֻǿԱ
ǿҶӵлɱԲ޵дڵʵҲѻɱ벽ǿߣ
οҶҪԵţ
Ժ󣬲ɵɻҶΪ˵ͬʱͯµӭ
Σ֪ҶСڶɱˣа׻֯´ݡ̨Ѫϴɽׯɱ˷Σ
ӺͯھҶʮ׵ʱͣ½Ų˵سɵҪѪϴǺţ׻֯ԱǵֹǸһͬǰΪΣ
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Ҷͬͣ˽Ų۶ͯףڣȴ쳹㳡ÿһ˵ĶС
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СҲ̫˰ɣ
ûȻ׻֯
ΪǼ׻֯ʵ
׻֯ĳԱԸſԣ
ţɱΪʦܺ䳤ϱ𣡡
ɱ

ҶĻɵģЩŵĵһۣ׷״춯أ쳹ɽ
Σӻķɺ׻֯ɱ޹񼫣˵ö֮
ͯ԰һЦȻ˰ֹ֣ͣһȻضɵȻֹеΪѧΣ
ƾ㣿ҶһЦ
СֻҪεͷұ֤Ϣ֮ҺɽǰڣͯŭĿҶǸоֻҪɵͷҪ֡
ͷҸᡪңҶŷԼս
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Ǹףǽ̸ҵ¥µԺתתţܾûˣҷľɫǳķǳ
ٴν׵ĻµߣһΣֱӳ˴
ʦͽƺˣŸǰ޼ɵطɱ
µýֺͷҲ뵽׻֯һʼ㱻Ҷʦͽ˽ȥ
״ʦˡ
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Ҷָͷһղ˵Ϊ֮ǰΪϴѡνϴѣͷô򵥣Ҫ֪ҲûΥ׻֯Ĺ򡣡
ⲻܣ
׵Ҹղ˵Ϊֵȫ֪׻֯ĹͰô˽ûΥ׻֯Ĺ򣿡
취ܱѶ࣬ݡλҪһ㣬ѡҶá
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Ҷҳ̸һΪ㵱ľͣһҲǿʦϡ
״ʣӵظ𸴣֮¶в֮⣬θ̫ˣ޷㣬Ҳ޷ĵز
ڿǲҪü˵ķʽõҵļ䣬ӶõǷҩҶȻЦ
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ʱţӹ󣬶Ӵ亹ҶĶͷ䣬ϵ·亹͸ȴȻ޷ֱµļ
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ȻûжǿȥѹҶԴʱ˿̵ƣ֮£û˿Եֵ
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ҶĻ״лعȻҶݰǣȻʮ࣬ƺʱᶯ֡
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ҶûߵĻе𾪱֮ǰҶ˵DestroyδʱҪңֱӴˡ
ԲľǿߣڳǸ˵еľ磬һȺۣ֮ϣ
Ժŵ˵ʵɱһ۷徳ߣָ
Ϊ۷徳Ҷȴ˵׸Ҷʹֶλȡļ䣬˫һ˻
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һ£Ҷţ׸һԼԼļҩĻɫʹھԻһʱ䱣Լͬʱ׽й
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ҲţҲ
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Ϊһǿߣ־ΪᶨͬҲԼʵžԵģȻΪҶһ仰ҡ
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Ҷһһ

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СδҲ̫߿ҵȨˡֻ׻֯ĸ˶ѣĿɲһ˵㡣׿Цá
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ҶүӶҶҵӦҲһȥˣҶұʽ΢㸸Ƕ죡
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ܸҶͷĻҸ׵Ƕ㲻˰ɣҶ˵

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ƳٵأҶʡ

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£֪ҶܹDestroyҩҶƳ߼ҩġٵ
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Ҷ͵ҷ⣬ֻҪ˴Ӧҵ£óҩ
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450 ʼ
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һĻҶᣬǰһժ

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ҶϵĵлҶԼϹ뵽ҶղżԼѹȣҲѡǿصֿʼδ¼̲סа̾һȻҶ뿪˴
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ƳģҲΪ㱦ͽȡɣǸģ׿Цá
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θڴͲ˵ˣȻвң˵ʲôҸǿжȡļҩһҪ

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ͬҶҴԺһ׼ҴԺҲĺԺͨɵģΪԺԺԺ
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컹ûڣڹȥ˿࣬Ϊȥ˼ҵġ
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׻֯졮סʸȥ𣿡¶һ˲Цݣεεʵ

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롭Եȣ
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ҶȻҲ֪үΪҪ㣬㲻жҲˣȻүӣıô
ڶǷ粨֮ǰҶζҶӡ̸ϺãҲ⣬ԴӶǷ粨֮Ҷӡһٵǵ˹ȵףٿ
٣󲮣һΪҴУ̫үƫҲͰˡУ̫үǻģ͹¸жˣĻǸŮҰҶǺͱ
˵裬˵Ļ軹Ҷһ޶ԣԥһ£ûŵ˵Ļ
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һУֻΪҶ̫үҶὫŭҶͷϣ
ϾǷ粨֮ҶҲûгԮ෴ֱӽҶ껵ӣҡҶҴδϹҶҶˣҶ
ҶƾԼһ֮Ƶ֣˾ųݻҪչ

ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
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Ҷ̫үҶҶ֮ǰľڻӶǨŭҶң
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Ҷ̫үеĲǾҶ껳̽ڷ硣
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ۿҶҶƲˣǸĶӰүòΣǼ裬ȻүӾﵽ׻ûң
ǣѵӱүӵҶһҪ𣿡ҶľҲʵ
껣үүȻȻɣҲ˵ʲô
Ҷüʵ̫ˣûھΡжǴճҰүӵ徻
ûүүССҲүүȵġҶ껳˴ҶεĻʵȥˡ

ȻҶ仰Ҷε˾͹ֱۣضҶ껣Ǹо·ʣүӾȵģ˭
־ȵģ
Ϊ֪ҶҶϵİţҶĺΪҶ̫үܾҶʱҶôһ˵³ʵ
ôʦȵأʦҰһôı£
Ҷ껻ش𣬳ÿˣĿ⿴ҶĺˣҶëλԺգûĻΣСǲǶƤ𣿡
Ҷ껸ղ˵Ƕ˳ĳ֮⣬ʱ˿̣ҶĺҶεҲҶҶ̫үȳģ
ԤϵĽǲԼͬһ̱ͣ
С
ͬʱҶҶһߣһͼ˵ʲô
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Ҷ껽Ļ˵ڣʶΪҶҪУʱˣҶ껣ѵ뵱вɣ
ҡ
Ҷ껲뵱УҶĻʱܲ⣬Ҫʲô
ٴδҶ껵ĻСһУΪ㣬˵ԹǸӶˣһҰ֣һ޲ӱǧУ㲻վ߽ѵ˵ҲͰˣȻҪСѵǣ
ˣҪѵ˭Ҷŭ
ﲻҰĵطʶȤĻϽҶľҲŭˡ
ΪʦͿ޷ˣ㶯ԣ
ҶһԹ޵˵ţ֮ȴ¶˼ֳԲ˵ĸо
Ҷ껣ľͣӹһ٣ǵΪүүΣҶ衣
ҶĺҲˣֻһȻָҶ껽ѵǲھҲͰˣӾȻѵǣʲô˼㻹ԼҶ𣿣

ȻҶҶ϶԰׼ҽз֪ҶĵƺͼƻͬʱҲܿ϶ҶܰﵽҶңһʱȻ
ҶĺʲôʲôʸҰ˵
ۿҶĺìͷ׼˸ףҶڿˣ۶ҶĺǶ߶
ʲôķ𣿡
Ҷĺȫǰ̡͵¶ʵĿǷҶһΪУ֮үӲΣסԺڵϦҶң벻һؽѵǣҸ㣬ҪΪΪΪþԹֹһΣȲڶΣ
˼ǣ׼ûңԣ
ҶԣŭЦȡҰֳΪҶҵӰˣҲûɣο޷ȡҰ֣
㡭˵ʲô
ҶĺָҶŭˡ
ʱһ̵ֱڣòлȡҶ껵ҶҵӰˣҶȴҶĴ˵޷ȡҶ껡
ڽ˰̣
˰̣
ҶԭҿҰֵϣøȺСƽϣڸıˡҶĺ;ͷˣ
ǿȽҲ±ͷҶĺŭЦҶǲǽˮˡ
Ҳ̲סˣҶĺҸ㣬СҶëҶҵģ㻹ỳСĻô
Ҷ̫ү
Ҷң
ৣ
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֨
֢໤ҵӦҶԾŵ֢໤ҵţС̫ү̸̸
̫үǺǡҿɸʲ𡣡
ҶЦһҶԶɽ̸ԣǹȥ

Ҷ΢ţһΪѡ
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453 ڲ
ȥ
һȺС
ҶͳԵĻһĶҶĺ˵ϣǵд˱ȴеñȴŮ˫ȻҪ
ȻֻС˵Ӻ͵Ӱ˵飬Ϊȫܣеһ˿ǸǣҶ޷һĻҶҶ
ǲͬΪһҶ껣˵ҺĹĪ⣬ʩҪΪ̣
ҶȻʵףʩչŹĪܡ
ҲȻ׺¥£ҲδֹҶȻǶҶĵġ
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ΪҶҼԸ⿴ԼĶǱ裬Ҳ޷ҶֱҶ̫үĴ뵽׾ȻҶ301ҽԺ뵽ҶԶɽĶջҶЭˡ
֣ɲеֶΣġϷˣҶң
Ҷľˣ֮ǰŭ⣬Ҷ˹ȥȴҪԼȥ־޴ķһʱ޷ܡ
ǰ֣үүҪƭˣ
ҶæͣҶ޵ܱܽҶһŭȥ
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ҶĻ䣬ҶŭȵѵǶΪԼүӸ𣿶ҹȥ
Сӣ޷Ϊүүи̣Ҹû꣡Ҷѵ⣬ҶľҶ죬ֻýŭҶϡ
ҶһЦôѲҲѧҶĺһֹ;
㡭
ҶľûһָҶ
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ҶŭҶ껵ĻҶӵ˽⣬ҶĿΪҶԶɽĻԻ̸
ҶִҪҶĺҶľֹ;ĻҶԶɽΪ˴ֿǣδؾͲӦ
ǲҶĶŭˣҶľҶû˵ʲô뿪
Ҷμ״һ㱵ҶĺҶĺӾлعԿֻŵؿҶһۣȫ֮ǰҶ껡ҶʱεŰ裬һɥ֮Ȯβͣ뿪ˡ
ҶҵԱ뿪ˣҶΪ׵ҶҵĴԱȻҲ⣬һߣһãȻؿҶƺֱȻ޷ţԭҶҡһΪҶҵľ
֮вǡ
ҶҶʱҶ̾˿

ࡢҶĸԣʶͣ½Ųͼ˵ʲôԺһƬհף޷֯ԣֻɫӵؿҶǴ򷭵ζƿ

һĻҶҲ鸴ӵ̾˿
Ҷû衢ΪࡢҶĸӣΪ˸ղûҶ֮⣬ΪҶĸܣΪ롣
СǶˣԽȥ˰ɣ
ۿҶĺ뿪ҶɫѿΪҶҼվȨ˵Ĵ֮һδ
ԼȥɣҺֶȥˡ
Ҷ𸴣˵Ҷ껸ȥĻҶ̸в
ҶĬص˵ͷҶ֢໤ңһ۱㿴˲ϵҶԶɽ

ǳʱժԵʣҶԶɽĺԼٶŨأŭһƬƣӡ÷ڣݣ޹⡣
һ̵·еʱϨ
ҶԶɽǸһϢģҶſһӦҶԶɽĸѾʼ˥ߣ΢һܣҪȥﱨ
ҡһȴ￴ۡ
ʮӺҶԶɽſڴ˷İżԳΪҶˣǴģٺֻǶԵġ
㲻ʱҶƲϵһҰֵӣȥΣҶҶԶɽĻܲ
Ҿãִˡ
ҶԶɽЦһʣҺܺ棬㵽ƾʲôðųܾ޴ѹΧָĺѡԭ򡣡
ⲻǺ棬ҵĵƣӶڽ̸ռСĴۻȡ档Ҷһ䡣
ǡ
ҶԶɽС˼𴩣ȴΣǺܸɴسһ㣬ͬģȻҲĿģҾǻǲҪˣ˵أ
ǰֿDestroyҩƵġҶֱ
ţ
ȻҶأҶԶɽҶ˾һ
ֻһŵƵĻֻԹֹס֮˵ȹҶԶɽ˼һѪָ˹ؼ
ۿԭһϢҶԶɽڴʱ˿ܹӦ֮죬˼ά֮ݣҶ΢΢ЩȻֵ֮⣬һ׻֯Ա֤ǰ׻֯Ĺ涨սΥ棡
⻹ҶԶɽҡҡͷ
ϰ׼˰й֯أҶʡ
㡭֤ݣ
ҶԶɽҶԣһҶܹó֤ǻĹٳذը
ûСҶҡͷ
㣿ҶԶɽ⡣
Ҹղ˵ǰֻƳ˵ֿDestroyҩDestroyڼ󱬷
ҶֱƿԼĵƣҿṩȫDestroyҩ

һΣҶԶɽҶֱӱĿɿڴ
ƾҶƳֿDestroyҩһٳԽΪȫ󲻵òƵŷȹˣӶ˹ʱγڵʱ
DestroyٴαŰҶóȫDestroyҩζʲô
ֻҪҶеҩκһˣǸ˶Ϊ֮ףҲٴθı䣬ҶҲΪľ
Ҳ˵ҶԾδ
ȻܹȺƳֿDestroyҩôΪһӦòǼٵģ
𾪹ҶԶɽ뵽֮ǰ֢໤ſ˵ЩԲⷱ磬ҲԷ»Ժյݺ͵λ޷Ҷû䡪ֻҪţҶҾû䲻ˣ
ҪĳˡҶʣȴ˵
õʲôҶԶɽżɽ
һҶӪ벻ϧһд۱֤ҰֵϺɫۣ֮ڶҶĺһҸϳҶңҶӹɡ
ৣ
Ҷɫһ䡣
ҶԶɽһΪѵһû⣬ڶ㡭
û̸ʱ
Ҷޱ⣬Ȱڳûиı֮ǰӦ
ҡҴӦ㣡
ҶԶɽҶƵģæͷӦ
£̲סҶ˶һۣǸо·ű˴ˣҶҵûҶƲϵҶ껵ӣǲϧһд۱¸ˣͬʱҶóҩĻҶӪԲ䵽ĵز
෴׼ڵκһ޷ҶӪ

֪û
Ҳ֪Ҳûкҩ
ڲ
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454  
ҶԶɽҶΪΪڵͬʱҶĺȴû뿪Ժ¥Ǿۼڵݿڡ
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ΪҶҵԱ֮еΨһŮԣΪҶҹһ˳˳ˮ̽绽꣬ҹ
Ӧ˵ӵо͵ɣ
ҶľеƲҶ٣ҲֻܽʣֻЩɻ󣬡˵ӵо͵ֲ㽫ֹҲֲͷϰ
ѳͷĲҪܹүǸղܵίʲô
ҶĺһЦľ֮Ѿͨˡ
ҶӶԸҶԶɽ̸пܻҶԶɽֹ;ֻҪҶҶԶɽ֮ҶԶɽȫԷڣΥԼ
һҶֹ;޿ܣ
һ;ֹĻֻҪҶҶϵͦҪ˵ΪϣǵǶҲδûпܣ
ţ
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ɢ
һҶԶɽݺΣǵӾǰִܻѹ鷳ȶԣҶղŵȻ֣Ҳֻһʱˡ

֢໤ſڣҶ̲ס̾˿
ΪԲ֮޵еĴڣԶˣҶĺ˵Ľ̸֮ǰҶҶԶɽĽ̸
ֵ㡣
ԭͷҶ̸̸ҶҶĺһҶĺĻ뵽ҶĺеС̣һҶҶ֮ǰԼҶĺıֱ֣͸ˡҶĺֵܣҶĺֵܣ
Թ񣬵֮飬ֵУ߱λ֮ʱз
ܹĿĺɫۣ֮ȵ򲻵ѵʱҶĺԻὫ
֮Ҷ뵽ҶΪܹǶֱǲϧһдۡ
ֽȻķижѣۿ΢΢Щȡ
ͬʱ
֢໤ҶԶɽϵİûڽȥղ˵ҶӪȷ㸸׿ԵǶֻ˵ʮȥܷ޷֤
뷴ڣ˲Ҷʡ
ǡ
ҶԶɽæ͵ơһЩ飬ƽ£ϴˢ۵㣬ΪҶҶֵҪ㡣ߣҶӪȻӴ󣬵Ҳܱ֤һܹ㸸׵Ƕǡ
ǱҲ֧֣ܶǰɣ
ҶЦŴҶԶɽĻ˵ҶܹһһߵڣȫƾĴǻۣԲ١ʱˣ㻹һѣͼ󻯡

ҶԶɽǱ͵еһ㣬ԶԣüĿ֮仹һ˿ײΡ
Ҷǰ̾Ҷ˼֮ܣȻһ㶼ˣ
룬ܹǿѵĻҸ׵ǶĻ֮ܶ࣬⣬ҶĺڵҶҳԱҲԴ棬ô
Ҷ˵ţҶԶɽڣ㻰һתɭҲ㣬Ѿȫ֧Ҹ׵ǶˣҲֻȫ֧Ҹ׶ѣȥҶ˵෴ҲҪڴӦңҸַ֮ڣȥͷҶĺ
Ҹ㣬ⲻܣ
ҶͳΣյϢҼȻܹΪȻҲܹ
㡭
ȻҶ治ĻҶɫһ䣬ŭĿҶ
ʵΪΪ衣һһһʩչ֮٣ݹأֻһꡣҶޱشҶĻҶԶɽһһ
ǵڶʲô
ҶϵŭɫȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǽš
ȻҶԶɽֻǶһĻ޷´֡Ǵ䶨ʱҶԶɽ֮ǰ뿪µľҲᱻƷ
Ҷ֪һ㣬οҶԶɽˣ
ƹ£ҶԶɽͬһŵؿҶȴҶĻ
֮Ϊ֮ڽһ֮УһĺȥѰҸҩģΪƴ˵еġٵֻҪٵ˵ʮ꣬ʮ֮ڣǣҶҿյס
ʮꣿ
ҶԶɽҶԣǴϲҲҶǾ䡮ҼȻܹΪҲָܽˡҶԶɽҳҶͲóٵһҶԶɽˮһա
֮ǰ˵ЩΪҸ׵۵ҶҶֹĵطɲطġ
ۿҶԶɽҶûпҶּѾ״һ£취ҵΪúϷϹ档

ٴҶĻҶԶɽ̾Ҷֶ֮ͬʱô˵ڶ壬ͨţɨأ޷ˡ
ҲֹҶĺ;
Ҷ΢΢һЦ㽫Ҷĺӣ֮еӣЩ˶޻˵ɣ
ҶԶɽҶԶԣ¶˲̶ͬȵľȣƺǶû뵽ҶȻѾ˹ٳĵЭƽ֮
ǲظеȣΪⶼҸѧġ
ҶԶɽҶϵľȣҶȻЦ

ûлشҶԶɽҶֻҶЦǶħ΢Цһ㣬ëȻĸо
һа˵ɡ
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Ȼˣǵ̸Խˡ
Ҷ⣬ǵ̫֮󣬲ڷʩչ˰̧¥°ɡ
ҪɢΧôҶʵҶԶɽһǴ£ܹܡ
á
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ৣ
һҶɵҶͲ֮зɳһ½Ҷָơ
ҶһѪһʺý͸ľѪƳָ⣬뵽ָ֮С
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Ҷһȣӡɣָ񷡣
ɲǼ䡣
301ҽԺϿյԪһҲһԪֱµٲһ㣬Ժȫ֡
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ȻҶߣҲóҶղʹһɻ
ͽܵıҪʼˡ
ͬʱԺ¥ĿյϣЦŵ쾳ʩչ֮ɹΪǧŵһˣ




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·Ϊ˻شҶƵģ򿪣ҶСһҶԶɽԾ¡
ҶȴһС
Ϊ۵ͼԻҲãǸ߼Ҳգͨ󣬶νĻǡȫʩܱġ
磬ɽµǸԻ󣬲δıɽȫòֻԼӸĶȴͨ˽֮кʼվԭشת
ղţҶȻ˸߼󣬵ҲûиıԺ¥ľֻǸıԺ¥յصľ޷յ֮һС
һͨ˱޷ΪҶԶɽҲ޷ʩչ֮ʱ󣬾ͷ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ʱ˿̣Ҷʵ̫ɴԼҶԶɽܱ˿ĻҶһĨڡ
Ҷ𲢷֮ˣһк֪飬ۿ޷ҶҶԶɽˣ͵뵽Ҷ֮ǰ˵ҪԺ¥ǰĿյΪҶԶɽæ
ͬʱ
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һĻһЦãóҶǹⲻڴϣǴ㽫ڵϣֻһŴ
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׿Цѡ
ҶܹΪҶԶɽɹҶԶɽ꣬δһЩ֮УûκһԺҶҵĵλ
ͬģҲ޷ĵͷλҪDestroy֮ԻΪհ
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һеͬʱ׿ҶƮȻأҶԶɽ£ǰһҶԶɽк
ǾԼʱҲ̫ǱˣҶԶɽɬһЦǻӦ
׼״Ҳ֪ҶΪʵ̫ҶԶɽˣûΪҶԶɽ˵ûֻؿҶԶɽһۣʾҶԶɽòҪԹԡ
ҶԶɽص˵ͷ
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ҶھκͰûڵͬʱҶ֮⣬ҶΪ׵ҶҳԱ׷ӿ˹ȴûйҶΧҶԶɽߣǽŵؿҶԶɽ
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ҶXXСѾΪ㸸ɹˣԼȴˣδԡ
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473 Ե
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ΪҶ껵רְ˾Ҷ껵ľĸҲҶҵʿ֮һΪҶЧѾá
ļУڹȥһЩ֮УҶصվſڵ˵Ĵࡣ
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ܿ죬ִſڣ˾һʱ³ҪΪҶţҶһ򿪳ţ
壬鷳ˡҶ˾΢΢һЦ

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ҶXX˵ЦˣݣԷܹྩŵ
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ΪҰڻγڵڵ֮ӵдԪԹգʵ
⣬мǲҪ뿪ġ
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Сܹ۷徳ʵѪϴ顢ţΪ˫ޣսԵ֮⣬ΪмһǵҸʦܶľƵĹȺ«һ̫ŽΪ׻֯æƵҶɵ
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ŴΪٵʱ򣬵ʱħ㽫лᦡڼƷ߼ս֮ʱƾٻлеԹ飬ʹԹۼγɿֲ˹а飬רֵ꣬ס
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лᦵ;ǰսȡԹԹ顣
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476 
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Уٵһҩġϲݣ
ϲѧأ15-35cmȫë״ߣԲ״ڿ״ɫϺɫͲ״ϴֱ״´̡
Ϊϲݶں1450-1800׵ĶʽͱϵľֲĸϣѲɵӴ˵в׳ͨ㡢ǿ٣ϵЧʶ¡
һĲϲݲͬҶ겻ϲɫģ
ҶһͷһɨȻвһԪ
Ȼ΢ȷʵڣ
֣Ҷһæ˹ȥ
ϴүҩô
Ҷ߽ҩָ̯ɫĲϲݣһɽũʵ
һ򣡡
߳˿ں̣³һǺǵ
һ򣿡
ҶһǰĲϲΪԪһԪͨ˷¿ǿ׳塢٣ҲеԪνޱȡ
磬㲻ҪүүģҪĻһǧͿˡũԵŮˡ
Ůβ裬һףһ鲼㣬һ˫Ьȥǳء

һв
ӵһż㲻ױҲЩνģݺı׼ˮĴ۾΢ͦӣ°ͣһִȻС
ڿڵʱǹЦݣֻС쳣ԣ˿øС
һǧ
˵ҶղֻǾȵĻô㱻ŮĻˡ겻ϲݵƷʣǱʶ˿Ի߼۹
磬겻ϲүүͱϲɵģЩ˹ֲĲͬŮҶϾȸŨΪҶǾü۸ߣ㿪ڽ
һ飬һֶ
ũ̶̻ҿĳŮĻ̬쳣
Ϊһҽ̳ϵҽǶԲҩ˽⼫Ȼ֪겻ϲ֮кԪҲ֪겻ϲѵһļƷ
֮ԽóΪŮҪϴѧˣҪΪŮѧˡ
ɣϴүʮĲϲݡҶ
ʮ򣿣
Ȼ֣Ůֱӱסˣɴ۾𾪵ؿҶ
ũü˼ؿҶƺҶǲƭӡ
ҪңɵҶ״Цѡ
Ϊ˲ũԿԭ뿪ߵļ۵ģŵũù󱨳ʮļ۸ȴû뵽Ȼŵũֻü˸
֪겻ϲݵļֵ
ٴҶĻũеɻ󣬿ЦֻǺܿϧҸҩĵطҲɲڶˡѽΧﷶΧڵͱұˣֻһꡣ
ģȻ֮ǰһֻҪһܵõũֲδûӼۡ

ũҶһ΢ЦѲҩĵصңȥҿ۸Ͱ˵ġ
磬ûɹҩðȻȥͱڲҩΣյģ
Ůлعæѵˣүү˵ļ۸Ȼѵ绰ǣͷҺүүȥ￴ҵĻ绰ô
һṦģ޷
ҶЦãүŮһһʵϡЩӦˡ
ԭ䣬ֲԸ⻨߼۹
ũԣȻ򣬳һ£ԭǴ㽫ŮõģҪϴѧˣѧѻû䣬ֻˡȻҪʮҲմˣҼﻹһЩĲҩȥõȫߺˡ
á
ҶԣһͷӦ߼Ȼвϲݣû׼ٵҩġ

ҶûǮ飬ǴŮϴѧóи
һҲմ˵ıˡ
ϾԳݡλǰŮĻֵԶԶʮԺģǿԸıŮ
Сʱ
͵Ҷ֧˹ϲݵķãũŮǰסһгʯĴʱľʦͽ˵һྩ򾩵Ŀͻ
򾩡
ҴӪ
ľƻ




477 ۿ˵
ʯλڳɽ£ûбڳɽ֮УǱž
νɽɽˮˮ
ΪԶ˾ʯ޷žĴһþԴ¸Եʮƶֻмʮ˼ңֻһ·ͨ
·֮ǰǲڵģߵ˶˱·ٺ޽·ʯȡһ峤ֻ·һɰʯʩһû
ЩǮ峤װԼĿڴ
ǶԴһ֪֪Ҳ֡ƫԶĴ峤һ㶼ɴԵεģʮӣҲȥǴԡ
ʱ·ϳ˿Կ峤һ۵ıǵԽҰ⣬ֻ˼ҵʻ
ȴǸ⡣
Ϧµʱʯδġޡ·ʻ˴ӿڡ
Ϣһڴ˺䶯ϲֵĺӡˣǴŮ׷ӿӿڡ
û뵽ڵĻĻܼƶĴׯ
ԽҰУ۾꣬ƶĴׯʹصĴ̲ס̾
С˵Ҳȥ˵ũǰĳʯγɹģũʮꡣ
ȷʵͦģ㿴Щ˴Ķʲô⣬Ȼв䲹ģֻصʮĸоһ곰
Ĵ񻹱ԭʼʽԴԡȡزΪǰ߻ãԷҿŷڳԡڡߣǲɵزʵĴ峤Լ͵ļ۸չˣ䵽ûǮ͵
棬ô˽⣬ǰ۾ʡ
ǰһΡ
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۾Ȼ
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ǾһֵƵĵɽװżֱ۾۸Եֵϳʯһֵ
һʱ䣬Ϊ׵ʹңվμȫͬˡ
Уͷ鸩һ㿴ŴǿԽдÿ˵ϡ
ȥǴ峤
ɨһȺûп峤ŴʤӰüԴǵӹɣǻʵڷʥּ
ȻǵĻǲΪЩһɢȿֺسŴ峤Ŵʤסȥ
塭峤м㣡
ܿ죬߰ܵΨһһשǰԺ󺰡
ţ
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ϲΪŴʤԣÿгܷơ
ǰǴΡ
һΣȲʯ壬ŴʤԻŶԷɽдԣöԷʮ⣬֪ԷǶһҵˡ
֮Ŵʤ˱شԼҵʶ
ܹʯ뵽޽·ҲΪҵĴƭֵġĿ˵֪ŴʤҪ·ԱպԿ˳ִﳤʯ壬ĸҲ
ˣȻûдԷݣҲ˵һˡȡ˲ٴ·ѣӴչزһԵ˶Է׬˸
ϲ֮࣬Ŵʤһļȶ졢֣ҵЬӣ첽߳Ժ⣬Ȳʵģ
ڴӿڡ
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Ŵʤ˷ܵ˵ţ첽˴ӿڡ
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Ŵ峤ʶˣ
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ȻĻŴʤһȻĿ棬ԼЩ죬ϸһ룬Ȼǰǰүغһ
ৣ
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ɡү
ŴʤһǹŴūżһ㣬Сܼǰӣƾ֣ʵھϲǰӢ˲٣׾һʱûϳʵڸ
£ŴʤװģسӣǻһĻ̲סЦ
Щǵɴ۾ǵļУŴʤȻϲֺóˣȥιıϥģͷһء
۾ȷʵеϹˡ
ѵһ䣬еŭҲŴʤϥıֶɢֱ⼸λ˵ͬѧҪɽԣ㰲һ¡
үģһźã
ŴʤٳԼ⣬һֺЦݣүɫûɽˡΣ
Ҽƻľ졣
ϣѾʱڴסһЩóԵģŪþƣһҼֺõĴǽɽŴʤ˵ţһƣһ
ʵϣŴʤУͲûʲô𡪡ҲǮȫεĵ£ҪǮ·Ƿ
ҰĢҰܲ
һ䣬һȲӡ
ʱ
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Ϊʯ̫ƫƧûͨӵĳ֮£Ҷֻܻ߼
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ܿ죬˵עУھ뺷·һξͣ
гˣ
УŮգŴ۾һ档
ũ˼
Ҷûȥڴĺ·ֻɨһˣջĿ⣬Ǯ˾
ৣ
Ůһ³׵ľУǰһи˸ǸоǹŴү˾Ůӣռ֮ġ
ں³Ҷֱӱˣ·ڡ




478 ɫͷһѵ
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û뵽ɽﻹܼŮ
ǰŮմŴװ˾ޣʰһɱνǰ
ͬĻ뵽׵պ͹ظⲻɢҲ֪Щʲô
ͬʱ˾ӵǮѯҶǷҪóҶҡͷͷԭ·ء
磬ǾҼң
ָŴһӣ˷ܵص
ҶԿȥӳһƾɵһԺӣľΧš
͸ľ֮ļ϶ԿԺһ뼸ֻ׷ˣ

ҶŶ˽Ժӣ˹վԱߣǾسҶŭ
Сڣ׼磡Դֹ
ȻɽһȮˣҰ¡ѾҿʮˣȥѧУҡ
簮Դͷ˸ɿݵơ
İ費ڴ𣿡
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˿ɣɽΣգԻҰಫˡ
İ赱ɽҩСĵɽ¡̾˿Щˡ
ԣϵЦݽסӷᣬȦЩ죬
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Ǻǡǹȥˡ
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ܿ죬ϴҶһªӣŲٲҩͬʱһЩװҩƿƿ޹ޡ
ϣЩҩҶòϣԼŰɡ
ҶȥɨһȦмֲҩ󣬵ٵҩġ
ȻûõģǵɽԣֻռҶıˣ뷽跨ֲ
ϣˡ
ҶҡҡͷһðŷոԼɽ·ٶȼ죬˿϶Ǹϵġ
ǡҰǮһֵ֡
ϣþռұˡ겻ϲƷʺܺãõȥԲֹʮ˵ռıˡҶЦ
ˣǰ˵֮ǰϵ绰ңԺҲɵĲҩϵ㣬ãȡǡϳһµ
á
Ҷ˵ͷ
磬Ҫ𣿡
ʱڲݷſڣЩɵ
СۿҪˣ˵֮δػɽҹɽܹ಻㣬סһߡ
Ҷڻش⣬ҰĢһó
ðɡ
ҶǴϱɽģϵĻһ֮ǰаĿ⣬˺пܻ⣬룬Ǿһ
үүǰ廹һҰûԣһˡҶҪԵ÷ǳˡ
ЦŵͷҶһͬ߳ݷǺСֱȥ
ͬʱ
峤ŴʤַǷ
˱뵽˿ŴʤصҰ裬ڴĸ˰Ŵʤϱ
ɫ׺ʱȱϷŴʤóõյӣǾƵķԱһơ
үλүҾһӭʯ塣ŴʤվžƱ
ƽյӣңζ
ƱȴûһŴʤǶͬѧյӡ
궼ǻ켣ưɡҹĳͣףδȵȲ룬㽫ƿ߶յӺ˸һ
ԴˣŴʤۣóƿвļơ
ƹѲ˹ζһͻȻʵŴ峤㿴ǼеĺȶȤиŮƣ
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ŴʤЩΪˣȻΪ峤ǴԣҲǿôСϱƣϾôڼ̤ЩСϱϹ
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𸴣˿˼Ŵʤĸܡ
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ʱ漸ͬѧԵĻŴʤеһǵͨ죡
뵽ܵ棬ǿɢĵĲЦ
˵ǸŮƣţ˵ǸʲôŮ
ɡүܲСŴʤһΪѡ
ŮǲװƣǸǮ
Ը㴲ĻǮ⡣
ܰһ׵Сѹ¾

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ǶԣֻҪǮܰƽ¾Ͳ£
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ǮܰĻ͸λүˡŴʤ
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Щˡ
ү֪汲ÿһΪβҼôȡãڴߡ
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ɡүڴǿŮʲôἤȺŭġ
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£⣬ƺҪżλͬѧᡣ
λ״æϣһѪڵģ
ң
УҶƾڵԼ֮ǰĶԻ۾΢΢




479 ƺаһű̫࣡

ȻŴʤһֱԭء
Զ㣡
һвÿһƳɵļơ
ûҿʤæ˵һԣһľ

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ԣǿᣬҲں˵Ϊἤķŭ
һŭ㲻ܿƵˡԳʯ磬ŭĴпܻǹɱˣ
һˣŴʤýֺͷҲ뵽Լ³ᣡ
ԲԸ⿴ģ
вԻҪҪȥȡǹ
ͬѧǾƾͷԣһ˻㱣ż侲Ļᷢͻ
û£ЩʮӣҲǶ֣οҲǶֵĻᣡ
һһȻûһ;СҲǺɾߣԸֱ練ơ
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ù͵ҶһªķὫʰʮָɾרΪҶ̿
ҶԭϥڴϽڤӦڵؿֹͣ
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̾˿ԣҾͰ֮ǰ˵ߵʱµ绰պǲɵĲҩ绰ҪֱȡС
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Сôˣ᲻⡣
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״
߳ͬʱҶҲ֪˷䣬ںڰ֮УüԺſڡ
顪
Ժ󣬾͵ߵСԣСڵʱڵԺſڣֻһľƵԺϣֱӽԺߵɢ˼ܡ

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Сڣ
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ԭͶ˵ľٶܲʱĻĹĵ˵
ৣ
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ƣ㴲
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ͬѧȺ٩ţ㷢ĴЦ
үӣֻҪŮߣȵ˳Ҹ򳵣һӴٻ󣡡ҲˣȻĿӵа
˵Ļɫ죬ظֱ
һĻǵû˴ͷǼǵ۾Ӷֱˣ
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ϣëҿǾƲԳԷưɣ
ŭһһǰһƳϡ
ಡ
İ䵽ϵϣҶһӺڰӳһɽһ㵲ǰ
ৣ
Ҷһӣ̽ȡһ㣬˲ץסһѸǯһס䶯á
㡭˭
ͻһĻɫһ䣬Ҳ˼֡
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һУСһ棬ҧסСȣ˲㴩Ѫ⡣

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λͬѧǱסˣһؿҶ·ɱĳҧ
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ү
Ȼĸ֣ɫʱˣüͷȫšһ
ԴǰʯŴʤ˱㴵ʶҵˣһȥȻҲ֪ŴʤеǴʱģڶٹ̡Ȩ죡
СӣȻҲ֪ʲôˣʶȤĻûǷſңԶֽϴ򣬾ӵĺǣҲŹ㣡
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ҶĻҶ¶ɱŴʤϺ˶סˡ
Ƕˣοˣ
УͬѧŵĿɿڴֵؿҶ״εҡǶڶû˸ңȷҪΪУȻṦ򣬵ѧҡ
Ļ̫ˣ
ҶĻȻҽŽżһѸֵһӰȼ䡣
~
ҵĽ类еһ㣬ڿն
飡飡
㱻ײڵأ߹Ƕѡ
ѡ
Ӻݺݵײ˺󷽵ſϣˤڵأһȼѪֹȫ˹ȥ
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ٴҶĻʣŵþȫޡ䶯Ӳ˫ȣľսؽ
ȵȣ
Ժ󣬾͵׼뿪ʱҶͻȻڵ
ৣ
˻Ե⣬ɫ䣬Ǳʩ˶һ㣬˲䶨ԭأһҶ
תº󱨸ϺᣬûдڵıҪˣ
ҶٴοڣУ


480 úܿ
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ͬѧȫԭأ
ΪŪͣͻֹǹ֧ǶףҾ㲻˵ڶһ죬ҲʮӴ
Ҷ߷ӣһ˵ûҪֻ
ǵľ֪
ǶԣŴʤей֮޲
Ͼ֪ڶȨƣĴ
Ҽһ仰ʡĻã
Ǻηʥ
֮࣬ŴʤҶǹ°ӰаԼ

شŴʤһͺȡ
ͺȳŴʤŵò̱ڵأͬѧǶ˵Ǵ̵ʿƵģ棬ڡ
Ϊǣ޷һҪţƵʲô̶ȣŸ˵ûҪֻ

Ƕ֪ǲߵĻǽпܻḰĺ󳾣
ҵ£
ͬѧŻԵ뿪ŴʤǾֵؿҶ
йϵˡ
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~
Ŵʤԣ˿亹ȫ·͸ˣ紵̹ǡ
󡭡磬лл㣡
ʱ֮ǰлعǸмضҶ
ɫسŴʤʵŴʤ˾㾭˵ҵˣ
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Ŵʤŵûһ£ֱײԼҴϡ




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482 Ͳ 
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ΪҵѧţһһȵϼҶǰʱҲ˵Ҷ¼ҶĴν׹
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483 Ͳ 

һеĴ󵶻һ׹⻮֮ѿγ˿ֲĵ硣
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ХҶǹһһƾյ赲⣬޷벽

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ͬѧӾлع񣬼ɢӡ
ҶᣬתأȴŴʤϺվǰʯһǴɬؿ
ôһؿš




484 ֮ͣŮ
Ϊ֪ҪΪ˵ȥŴʤӼܳȥϼҿ̬չδ㱻֣һл
лϡע⣬˳Ժ󿴵ŴʤҪѯŴʤ⣬Ҷ֪سڴ˶š
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Ǳ㿴ҶɱһĻ
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׵ԣĿһѩɽȻ󲻵˴Ӿлع񣬱ʧӰ٣·δֹһ㡣




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ŽɫĳɫĹâϿȣԭڵϿȱ˽ɫĺ󣬵ȴ޷ɫϡ
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޴Ľɫ͵ںɫ֮ϣɫϵмʱݣֳһӡ
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ԪӺɫͬ÷ʣʧӰ٣ֻľϿ

ѩ֮ϣҶץż̵ɽʯɽıŻѩ׹Ͽȣе𺳼ֱ޷ݣȫˡ
ڼ֮еҶδ֣ɫվͷϿա
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䵶ȻӰ׵֪ľ巢󣬵û뵽ľıѩȫˣӡ
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⻨ɽѩ
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Ҷһæͷ鿴ѩ֮Ƿ̺ԪеĻѩˣ
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֮⣬ǵǿϢ棬һΪֲϢ
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ৣ
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ۿԼ޷ѹȵҶ׵һЦҶĿͷ·ڸϣ˲мֻƾƣҶ޷мܣɱҶֱ練ƣ
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ǰ׵۷ѩǰ׵۵ʦ䵶ϵѩܽѩɵ֣
ţ
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ৣ
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ιҶƽҲҲŭ⡣
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׵۱ΪԼľٶἤŭҶҶ֣Ӷ˳նɱҶʱҶָܿƽɸеһ˿档
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ԭ׵۱²Ҷ俴ѩ򲻻ǰᣬʱҶͣ½Ųӿ϶еĲ²⣬ͬʱҲЩɻ

׵۵ĻҶͷ΢΢һΪ˷ֹ׵뵽ٵ棬ص
ѩԵȷҪ
׵۲ȥҶҪѩʲô˵룬ֻҪܹһұ㽫ѩ㣡
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׵΢ЦŵЦгš
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ΪǸѩп֮ǰɫʹԪŨйء
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׵һͻȻ뵽һ⡣
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͵ҶҪڴӦʱһͻȻ
䣬֡
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ৣ
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ΪиԵʣҶںһһ
Ҷһŵˣİǡ
Ҳ֪Ҷšһǵ˶ԣҪܾӦսˣǺεȲпĴ

ղĿð׵۳ֵ׵ʼնûչֳʵʵ֮ǰҶһ似ûá
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ǰһѵ֤𣿡ʡ
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ʦ޹أ
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Ĭ䵶

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꣬أȴһĳо֮СĻ䣬ѡңţж飬ͨӾˡṦ𣬱ƳΪ䡣紫ǲʳ˼̻ӣն֪ûնδǹ
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䵶ЩҶǰͶ˵ˣǺοأ̾˿

䵶ԣٴοЦٴοڣ֮дŨҵĲʺͼʣ޷Ĩȥĺ⣬ǰ˵Ǻοأǲ޷õôһǲǣֻǷŭҶһƬģԸΪȥκ飬۶һۣȴΪˣУֻխСˣһὫԹСϣ㲻ܿЦô
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Ҷɫһ䣬Ŀ絶һ㶢Ű׵ۣ׵ۣҾ㣬Ҫʦ㻹ûǸʸʦҲûǸʸĻ˵ʦᲢ۵ʸûУ
ôȻʦôΪʲôַ̳ַ˻ʦ֮⣬㻹ʲôһҽӣվ˵㣬һֱӴȥû϶ۣ
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ѡѵвΪ֪ĵƣ
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ҶĿ絶һɨ׵ۣԣ־ǰδеļᶨ




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ΪܹܵҶ֮еǷݼᶨԶҶԣΪҪ޷ûڰ׵УҲĽᣬħ֮;ǳ׷ˣ
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534 ð 
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Ĺ㳡֮ϣٴοڣͬը죬þòɢڡ㣬С׵ۡ˶ΪҶذɣ෴նͷ­Բɽ




559 Ů
㳡֮ϣǰǿƵĻ쳹ʣþòɢ

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ô
ӨҲãС׵ҲգǶǴ˴ǿĴڡ
ܶѡһͬμе
ܶͬʱе
֮ǰ˲һس֣չֳԵʵ˵ͬʱӵҶ
ڸղţǿƵǳһָԱչ־ʵӽѵһͷؽѵˣ
ƨҷһ
ֽȻķױȵĳ
ߣԴٰδвѡֿڲԱºۼ
һ׵ǿһֱۣһָԱչֳǿߵľɣֱӵ˴˵
ΪҪǣһ仰ֻԲҶսʤ޵еİ׵ۣԼע
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Ǻǡĺܺ棬ƾʲôԻң
ͽӨͬ׵ķŭͻȻЦЦ֮г˷ζ
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δشֻǿҶһۣ֮гΣ
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׵һοˣĿͬرһ㣬Ҫ̴ģǰ˫֮·ûнݾԣõĴԶֻ˵ġһ㵱̤ĥʯ״ԹĶɡ֮գ·
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֮ǰܴĽӨ׵۵Ļ󣬶ʱήҲ״̬˳ָֻǸ߹޵̬ͬȾ磬һʮ
㲻ͬȾ磬Ҳնйϣ
Ҷڳˣǰͬһɽһ㵲ǰĿ絶һ㶢ŽӨ

û뵽Ҷʱұֵǿƣԭعˣٴԭأȫһͷ⣺ѡѵа֮ͽкͰ׵һսʵ
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һ̣жӿֳ˹ͬĴ𰸡
ȻҶֳ˾ԵΣԸԴҶԼҲǿƳǲֻԲҶӵкͰ׵һսʵ
Ͼ׵Ѿﵽ˰벽ľԼޣӵпǿ߲ʹ似ȫһĹ
ЩΧ۵߶ţοӨ

Өŭֱֹӽŭ⻯ս⡢ɱ⣬׼֣ȴ׵ͣ½Ųͷ
֣ýӨһ˳ֵĴ㣬ֻضҶǰ׵۸ԤԴھն㣡
ٴӨĽδһʼǰǿΪҶͷǰվҶıؿҶϤıӰҸЦ⡣
ʱ֪Ҷ׵սԼҶʱԥѡܴУɱҶԣҵʬϲȹȥԣ
ΪǸԣΪ˴˴Ĳѡ֣
ʱ˿̣ĸԸվı
Ϊţϲ㹻ǿ
Ϊϲڷ絲ĸо
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Ȼ֪һܣ׷ȥѯòе㲻ʣеݵɡ
ĿҶȥսץãֱӰʧƵ̾˿ȥ׷ˡ

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Ҷɽ֮󣬷ֱӵ˸סԿס
˵ľݷֱλڶ࣬˴Զˡ
һҶ뵽ɽɵ֪˵һЩΪչĸܿⰲŵġ
Ҷ־ãսĻô塪չ棡
뵽˴ҶδֵУǰסһһʵʦսô
ʦһĹңʱһֱڱչأ²ˡҡҡͷ
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ȻҶͻȻ֮žǿߣΨд취ٻЩȣ棬ͬʱЩ⣬֪ʦ۷徳㴫һĹ㣬ҲӦòž
ʦȻһĹңҲһ¾ӵһ빦Ҫʱȥ򡣽Ŀǰֻһ֣žȫʵ޷ʹá
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Ϊļƻȫ˴δ֮еڶδУʣĹȫƾǻۡȫܴУȥ̽Ǹ˵еľ硣
׻֯αֻʮµ߲δǰǰߵľ磬ѵΪ֪õʦĴУ
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Ӧòᣬǰŵõеģ֮һֱɽչأ֪
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ҶĿϤ˵ӣһ㱡
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˵ţЩЩֵʱ⡣
ʲôʱԻˣʱҸ˵ҽ书Լš
Ҷδı쳣Цõػһ䣬Ȼ뵽ԼһΪ̲ס̾˿Ҳ鶼аգֻ˵ǲ׼̰ɡˣкüζڶģֻŮȽϾҰˣ
㡭˵սʤ׵۵İգһϵһ¶֮ɫ
һΣŮˣұն׵ۣ
Ҷҡͷᶨš




560 
ҹĻ٣ƻһľݣԶԶȥө֮⣬鲼ɽɡ
㳡֮ϣͬŵƹ⣬һ鲼㳡ÿһ䡣
Ϊòѡֿʱ񡢵״̬Ϊ˴췽ɽɣδ֯ʢ磬˽͵ÿһѡֵķ
֮⣬ɽɻרΪЩǰۿ׼˷ˣνǷܵ
˵˴Ĺھ˭
ЩǰۿΧһģܿ㽫⳶˴˴ھ档
⻹˵ȻǷĴ
ǰΨһһžǿߣѡ־Ͳһ棡
û֮ǿߣ仰ɲǿѨ磬Թ˿Դɡ
ҿδءԹû˿ڰ벽սʤžǿߣһǰᡪ˫ʵǿ޶ǲҪˣС׵˵ˣʵڴУԼ޶Һп޷ӳžǿߵʵһ׵ۻսʤϣ
ҲΪ׵ǹھҲʵڴУֻ˲һꡣһʱ䣬ս̬־ȿԺԲƣ۰׵ۣɱģµߡһδ֪
ǰ׵սʤ׻֯ҲϣҲڲԱȭӡһһ룬ʵ׵ڲ֮䣡
󲿷˶ΪںҲ˲ͬΪھ׵ۺ֮
˭ô˴ĹھԣҸ棬а֮ͽʲộҸС׵һսһ˵նйϣ
ܿ죬˽תƵҶϣҶȻڹбһ㣬ȴһǱѡ֡
ʵ̫а֮ͽֻƣһֱذɣ
ûа֮ͽôǿҲͷˣ
⣬˵Ĵ𰸼һޣһ浹Ϊ׵۱ʤһ˸˵Ҫ˵С׵ۺͽа֮ͽ䵱Ԭ磬ûκʤ㣡
Դˣٴθ飬ϾԬڹԵʱòԱʮ˸ţʵĿá
Щǰս۷׷׵ͬʱɽڣ󲿷ֲѡֶʱνĥǹҲ⡣
֮⣬һЩѡĽ̻壬ƺǿս̬ԶĥǹΪҪ
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С磬αѡͽҶɽɵɪ֮⣬˵ʵǿ
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ǰ׵ʱ㽫ǸҶȥˣǸɪǣ콣ʽҲҵĶ֣
Ȼ󣬵ԬƺδܵɣˣҪô곤ʱҶ࣬ҪôطȡʵҵǸʱһᳬԽǣ
ţǱ㲻κ˲
ʦͷϵһɨա
һ棬ͬԬ˵Сʱ̣ٶ꣬޷Ͱ׵棬ԿԲսӨҵ
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Өŭ˵ԸҪң׵۸ԤԴҲҪֻһֻ֣˵
š
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Ϊ֪˵ʵӨѡǼݳ׼ˡ
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Ʋ׻֯ų֮ףһǴ˴ĲгӸɡѡĲУһִͬ˴
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濪żɽʵһѡ֣һָԱֱӾΪˣ˵е飬ԡСνǳ˺棬ʶصصŰݷá
֮Ƕǿߵǿطڹһʱط׶̫أ𽥲ٱɡ׷ٺʧˣû뵽Ȼˡ
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֮ı׶Ҫ㡣һйУܴ߻޷ʹ࣬־ǿҲǷ˵ĴṦһ񣬳ɹʲߡһʧܣڼɵ򣬴߽װ˷
ڶ㴫гɹҲҪܳʱȥҪߵ÷ŵ˵Ǵǻܴۡ޷ӵмߵ޷׽ܴУĹг⣬ʧһΪ߻ħɢ
ܴ֮ˣӵдǻۣȫܴУҲϴߵӡͻơڹ磬вǿ߽һڸ츳ѵĵӣݼأЩӼû˿ԳԽǴеǿߣ
͡
ųϣ˵Ǹǳܴгɹˣٴʵ
Ʒʣڱְɣ
ţ
沢δһᶨ׵۸ҽͻžĥʯȻ޾壡
˴ȡ߲ɲһĴ˴̼һӶûӭµķ٣ԣҪͨĴһսΪͻžȷġ
˵Ȼ˼֣бҪ㡣ΪΪһͽһǸȻǿǸ츳Ҳ²ô򵥣пôʤȥ̽Ǹ˵еҲ˵ǸΪгΪһһλžǿߣʵҲеôҪȷԴĶԾǱˣмǲ֮սƴ𣿡
ǣųϣ
ϹӦȴδС
ͬʱ
ͬΪ˴ѡֵսûԼľҲûȥҼԪҶס
֣ôң𣿡
ľ֮УҶսӭ
Ҷ֣ҹдһսڴ˵
д裿
ҶԣһȻ󶴴ս˼Ц֣д֮ˣǱˣ
ǵ㵽Ϊֹսʷ
ҵĵװɣҶ԰ѻ˵
ۿС˼𴩣սǵûΣƤ˵ȻҶôֱӣҲĨˣĵףһĵףӶжϰ׵ۡ˷ᱯ硣

ҶһԣƤս̶ֳҲˡ
ĺ˰˭Ǵ˴սԴǵ˵
ʵ֤һУ
Ҷ΢΢˫ۣ𸴡


561 
ڶ峿մӶʱɽɹ㳡Ϊ
㳡֮ϣһѾˣһϯ̨һʮ̨
Ҷڵİʮѡվϯ̨£ǧǰսվΧ֮⣬һЩ޷ϯ̨ɴϯ̨·Ĺϯϡ
ಡ
Ƭ̹һХŴɽſںХһӰУȵ˹㳡ϯ̨ϡ
֮и˴ͳа׻֯ųϹơɽϽԲԼа䵶šԪڵҪɴ˶ǿߡ
ৣৣৣ
˵ĵǰʮѡ֣ΧΧ۵Щߣһʱ佫ĿͶϯ̨
󲿷˵Ŀ̺žηݣҲмٲ˵Ŀȣ־߰Ŭȡгһգ̨ܹЩһΪǿߣķ
֣ʸʵ㶼֮ǿģмɡϯ̨ϣ׻֯ϯĹƣǫ
Сӣգ㲻׻֯Ǵ˴ĲгȻҪм䣬ҿס˵ţֱ˹һϡ
ðɡ
ĿЦһмλãԱɽŲԲŻǿһ˹
Ŀڽտʼȣл׻֯ɽɵΣҲлλܹɽɣдܵĵط뺣аɽɶһҫҲһֿ顭
ܿ죬ϯ̨ϵľǿΪа췽˵ɽŲԲ˹һۣԷͷߵϯ̨ǰ˵ڣͬײ죬쳹ʣþòɢ
ŲԲĿף䵱ʦɫʮѿʶؿһ̨µҶȻΪҶ䵱ɲܱ׻֯ƲãҲͲʧȥ˴ľٰʸ
棬׻֯ϼ˴Ĳгƴʦ˴δĹע
׹󣬲ԲʶȤؽȨ˹ƣȻصԼλϡ
ǰᣬԴĩΪǿսĳΪս֮һʹֹ»ĳ֮ǰϣһ;û䣬ʶַٰ١µһ;ַ٣ڵžĵλǻĵػ֮һ
ͬÿһǼ򵥽һԴ壬Ȼſʼ˵򣬡˴ȣֻһͬǿ߲Ϊвѡǹظһ顣
һѡֿʹøԵķʹõҩΥƷ
ڶÿᰲһСΪ̶ȵؼепʱֹҲ˵Ϊһ޷¶ֵĹʱؼʱ̳֡
һ㣬ԲгģвоԱ֤ƽ˽ףͬʱҲҪѡӲез飬ߣٴз
֮⣬ѡҲöͬǰ£УΪսвٸԤֱһʤ
˴αܹаʮѡ֣Ϊʮ飬ÿѡ֡ǰΪ̭ÿѡԾǿ֮ˣμѭʮ֮µѡֱ˴˽жԾĻ־˴αĹھǾͼУʤΪ3֣Ϊ0֡Ժ󣬻̭ǩʽһᲹ˵
ģ˴˹ھǾͼн֮⣬ĵʮѡֶнУھĽΪһмз

ΪƵ¸أڵʱ̨ѻȸھĽмзֳʱһƬȻ
ΧЩһĽʺޣѡ־۷Ź⣬ϯ̨һЩҲǾȲѡ
Ϊмƣķз֮٣Ҵ඼ǹġ
ľмзۣǹʱġ
ɱľ֮Ҷõ˷ۣȴַˣ޷ʹá
ϡΪΪзʵ̫̫٣ʶһмļֵȸ߼ˣмеıҪ˵ѡ֣ǿ߶ҪȻĶ
ȹھĽԣǾͼҪѷɫһЩǰΪһ鼫ƷʯһľֻвľĵʮǾʯֻƷʲȡ
ΪʲôƷʹأҪ֪һõķԸıս
ֳ궯֮ʱҶûԵսʵ
Ϊ˶һм
սûطһۣı֮٣Ҫ˵һһҲûӵСһܹӵзĶһЩɡšЩ˵ʵ㲻ʹ÷ҲɻЩСɵѡ֡һЩСɵѡȻƣҲûʲô
˵սʵҪѭҲνսҶȻ
šܹѭţзҶʺԼġ
սǵ˵ͷЦȻܹӵи߼ָܹӵ߼ģٰҲһˣ֮⣬ķ֮࣬Ҳ֮
ҶĬȻ
ĺȭ׺ָڸ߼ҶɵмȺ«͸˾ͽˮڷˡ
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ŹƵĻ£ѡַڵһ飬׵ۡ桢ӨսҹڡԬ硢ɪǡӵҶ
ݷ׻֯ǿ÷ĴڣͬʱҲ֤ʵа֮ͽƣҲᱻֵһˣ
ûѡֵķ飬ǰǵʵģ
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ͬʱѧڣԳɼҶѧžһڴؿҶɪǶˡ
ȻǶ˵ѡģڴֵܹڵУӶȡ˳Ϊ֮еǿߣμѭ
ҲҾȻа֮ͽֵһ飡
Ժ󣬳ѡʮѡγǩѧ鵽˵ʮ飬Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܲѡ
ҿûڹԵʱɱﵣ޷ڱʱа֮ͽ䲻ˡ٣ֻҪҴаʵͽܣʮʤ߾ң
˷ܹţȻ־ؿҶȴҶ۶ûпȫơ
Сӣȵ֮ʱҪÿ
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Ϊ׻֯ų֮ף׻֯׵ǿߣ۷徳ʱֹѡֵıѡˡ
ʮĲµĿڤʦιĲУǵ죬ִƽܺ
ձ򣬽ǰ˽ǩжԾ
ڤܿ˵ʮ̨ҶȰѡټһ𣬡еһ̭еڶ֣е֣վʤߡ
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ڤĻ䣬㿪ˣƺȲսʤҶΪʮʤߡ
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̷ȹνȭȡ֮еȭָȭȡ̷ȡ
̷·ʵҶԳƣᡣڹ棬ǿͻ˱ȭɵص㣬ȷ䣬ػת۽˳
̷ڻһʱ䣬û䣬֮벽ֶûУ˴βμ̷ӵֻһ۷徳ߣǸոշϲ׼вѡʵ׵Ĵڡ
ΪԼʵʮ̷˵鵽Ҷ󣬲δеʧ䣬̹Ȼԡ
ѡ֣ڸĵһҶҲ⡪̷˵ıʮĵһ
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ȣ
һ̷֣˱㶯ȫչֳǿһ߳ǰĿŷХɨҶ
ҶΪȷɨԼϣֱӰХŽһ




һŲУ̷˲ͣȣһ½ʮ·̷һһչ֣ХڶƿƺƵȴʼ޷Ҷ
лҶָչֵĻᡣ
ʮ·̷ʩչϣ̷㣬ͣΣмҶȻ󲻵ҶػԲпڤڤʦҶʵԶ֮ϣѡ䡣
̷ӵʵ̫Ҫ˵̽а֮ͽʵʵӶûɨˣ֪ȥıˡ
̷ӵѧɲа֮ͽڶֱҪһʴս
Ĺһʧ뵽ҶҪԾֳڴ
ַҲ죬һȭ̵ô˷ʱ䣡
ڹ۵ͬʱһ̨ҶǲͬʱҲЩżĵһֱʮĵĳֻҪʤҶȻȲ
ĶƾУ˫ѵıԣŷֳʤ
վҪΪҶģôѾʲô
һȲ̨һˬţƺԹղѡ̫˷ʱˣƳҶĶԾʱ䡣
ѡֶǣʲôɿģ
ǣúרΪٰһ
бҶ֣ҲҶһֻʮҶ
Ҷֵķȣٿ㣬ֱĶԱȣ
ĻٴʮѡֵĲ
ԣɫһ䣬Ҳ޷ѡֵֻͣԼս⣬ض̨Ķ֣ǿƵѡ񣬵һ̨ҪӰҺа֮ͽĶԾڶѪ̨
ʿɱ裬̫
ĶһõߣĻʱŭֹس嵶
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ͬڤʦԤϵһȷ˺֣һֱն˵յ֣
һУ㣬һǱ򵶿ͣͼԵ̨
ৣ
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ڤüɫѿ
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ŵѪıһЦȻָҶа֮ͽҲھһս
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563 һȭ֮
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ΪеĿڤҲɫһ䣡
ȻҶŭɱⶼǳȥģҲˣᵽŨصΣϢֻú
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ѧʵҲһԾââԴ̼
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֣ͽôҪаʵĴ˽ˣͽô
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ӹǫ˵ɨһϯ̨ͼķӦıƽˮƺһҲĽı䡣
֣ɫ΢΢һ䣬뵽ѳѧ´ľ似ַ
Ҵ٣ĿǱȽ󣡡
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Ҫǰĸ߰Уֻһа֮ͽ⻷Ů˳ͷķѣ
ҶǳӵĿ⣬һУʹģñһ蹷һͺֹ
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Ҫͼŭҡңûκá
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٣а֮ͽ˵̬ܲȵʵ̬ʵã̬ٺҲȻ
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ҵޣĻҲһγֵĻᡣ
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Ӷԣей֮޲ɴ۾һؿźҶֱǰһС
Ҫ֪ɽɲ֮ǰƾһУֱӻһ벽
ҲԭΪԼֻҪȳֵĻҶ޷ֿһСʮʤ߱Ȼ
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Ҷһҽһ飬һܹâͬʱ˫ӳһѸǯֱӼס˽
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Ҷ˼ı֣ٴ˹ϯϯ̨ϵһЩǿߣҲΧ۵Ŀɿڴ
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ۿҶգ֮ıնһֻƣ̨֮Щս߾õԲ۾ǳ鴤
Ҷ֮ǰǶΪһƾеĶԾâ뵽Ҷǰ˵Ĳһ
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û뵽Ҷһִ̼ķʽ
пڤʦҲû뵽һʱȻЩʧ񣬲δһʱֹ

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̨ϣҶضϽֱǹս
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еǸʲôҪ˵ֹϯ̨ϵĹƶóѡ
Բ磬ֿȭκηֻƾ衮ɷ졯һУһȭƵð벽ѽµһⲫķʽϽ֣鵤
ϯ̨ϣҼԪ𾪵ҶǱֱǹӰҡͷЦʣ֣ʵںܺ棬һģ;Ʒô֮ǿ
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ΪǶҶ˼߸֪ı֣òᣡ
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ҶȣǸֱһС󣡡
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576 նԬ磡
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׹ԣһϲȻЩĵ˵ǣ˵ʵȻ㣬Ҳ˶١ȻҶСܹɻ棬ǡ
ʱͬˣѳžɹҲûʸҵĶˡ
׵۴˰׹εĻһڡҶɱ׼Ѵ֮




590 ǰ
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ҹĻ£ĵӰͨɽɵĵɽ·ϡ
ͷ֮һɫ磬ۡ߱촽ĵϢڶ⣬ڤħŮȻ
һ꣬һͷһϸıӣȥΪԣһѷĸо
һŮһñһɫ޷ϰŰɫ˿࣬ɫСѥӣͯ߳İѩɽľɫرӳ
ŮӣһɫƤ£ɫƤ㡢ɫͲѥһɫĴ磬Ǿǧ֮Įһõ壬ֻԶۣ¡
ǲǱˣǳܰ˾ͽˮսˡ
Ϊ֪Ҷʵ֪ǰıҶûκѶȡմ˴̣ҶԾ棡
Ϊˣûһܰǰǵȵʮǿѭеؼʱ̣Ŵ
ѽѽҪˣ
ۿƻͨɽɹ㳡ǰսǼʵĴ󺺷Ƶģ۷Ź⣬˷ܲѡ
սܰ˾ͽˮҲЩһǿԼҶˣΪҪǣ
Ѵӳ֪Ҳμ˴˴
ˣˣҶ״սѳ׵ʤ16ʣҶʤ20ʣ
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δ㳡㿴㳡Ϊ㳡룬վ̨֮ϣߺŶľʣΧһ
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ԭԭǺ죬Ϊıֿգа֮ͽҶ׻֯ıǰˣа֮ͽҶС׵۵ıҲӦǰ졣
Ϊܰ˾ͽˮǱ׼Ĵˣ˺üӲŻع񣬶Щ죬Խŵؽ͵
ҶӮ𣿡
˾ͽˮ̲סʵ˵ǽڰ׵۵ţԶҶһЩв
ǻ˵ҶӢ䣬ɱ񣬷𣡡սһضҶġ
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յĴսɷӵػعˣ׼ȡܰ˾ͽˮλ˵ĺøУû˵꣬˱뿪ˣֱǰɽɽš
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УıʮָӣڴϲãҲнźͲ
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Ҷһ˵ȶ˲١
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Ӻ󣬵ɽſںɫǱˡ
ɫӵؿܰ˾ͽˮսˣ΢ţһ

ܰһһᣬȿں
㣡
˾ͽˮѣֱӳ
˵㱻ΪˣõУһһˡֱﱤ˰
սһ٩Ľʺޡ
У㵱˵ϲˣԼŰ
ս۵ĵ٩ʧ״̬ѹٽŶǣ̹ȻԣЦŴȤһ䣬ȻܰͿ첽˾ͽˮ㣬ˮ
㣬Һ㣡
˾ͽˮ첽˹סĸ첲¶
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Ҳ㡣
̾˿ڸʱ˷ŲҶ֮ĸ飬ͬҲŲߵˡ
˾ͻؼҿ
ܰ˹ֲֻᣬǲµľƵģ̾˿
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Ҷԣ˵ʲôȴ׵ۡӨ˳ǰڳ
ţ
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ӨǶݺݵصһۣȻǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ׵һͬһسҶ


591 ע
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ྩϺλλԱͬò͵ĳϣòͽ󣬼˵䣬ͬ£뿪˲
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Ҷǣ˵׻ٰ֯Уһٻ׻֯棬ʣķǹϲˡ
׹οҶҪȥæվ첽˹ȥЦ˵
ৣ
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ţ
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ҶҺͰ׼֮ٳ֮˽֪
Ҷ껺Ͱ׹Σڹٳ֮Ҳʲôܡ
ҶΪҶ̫үɹҶռݾƣҶ껸ǴӶ˵۶ְ˵Ƕһվ
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̸ϹģֶֻͻҴһ绰һ飬֪ɵľ֮٣
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٣Ҷ껰Ҷ껣㲻ǰӿñʲôҪôСͻڵϦӵӺ·񣬿϶ԼӦսʱӵӳ̶ȣ϶᲻һУǰɽȰӷС۵֮ս
ҶȥıӰ׹Цѡ
ϺٿҪ飬컹һ졣
ҶΪֹҶ׵֮սμҪ飬ǰɽĻǵڷ˵ǶĻᡪ̨ЩҲą̃µҲգûϣδһ£Ϊ˶Ů˽㲻˴ֵĻ
ϾŴ̫ǰ֮ΪıǷϷΪ˲һЦն˽ɽ

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͵Ҷ껽׹εĽ̸첽뿪ͬʱҶų뿪ɽſڣӭŰ׵ۺͽӨˣֱס
ǰ׵ۡӨ˵ӰԽԽ˴ԽԽ̣Ҷûпȥرܡ
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ӨԣһЦѣһֿ˵Ŀ⿴ҶˣƵŶˣаʣҲҪᣡ
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˼˾ͽˮֱӿѯҶüĿ֮価ǵǣ˫ֽ߬һԵʮֽš

׵ۺͽӨͬʱҶ
У׵ۿҶĿڿһˣӨһϷЦݡ

磬ǶҶʵһʶ׵ûͻƣǼҶԻʤ׵սͻƣǸеĲ

ܰսۺ˾ͽˮˣΪʵ̫ʱ̫̣޷еϵֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶҶĴ𰸡
~
ش˵ֻ𶯵
Ҷ˵ʲôֻһóһȻҶ껵硣
СҸո˵׵ͻž𣿡
绰ͨͲдҶ껵ǣҶһҲˡ
Ӧġ
Ҷ𰸣ΪӨղŵĻѣϾûκ壬ǻᱻϳЦ
Сһղһղǿߡǰ׵ԭʵǿͻʵǡ
绰ͷҶˣأ㲻Ҫսˡɽڣûա
֣һսԼʦҶҡ
ҶڣڻشҶ껣ڻشˣһսҲҲܣ
ǡ
ҶҪ˵ʲô
֣Ŷӡ
Ҷ̧ͷ죬ϣһһ׵Ҳã׼ҲգеĴͽ͵ģע


592 Ҷս׵ һ
׵۳žɹ
Ϣһ˾޴䶯Ȼ޷ٶȣ磡
׵ۣ
һҹ󣬰׵۲Ǿ˫֮һǳΪΨһ
һžΪõĴУΪǲͶ񣬲Ͽɡ
Ϣ֮Щ֮ǰѺע׵ʤˣҪ׷ͶעЩѺҶʤˣ׷׸ѹ׵ۣ
ľ棬ľֵߣһʱı̿ڣֻѺעҶٽѺע׵ۣҽҶʤʵ15
Ȼ
ˣһҹûһȥѺעҶ
Ϊ˶ΪŰ׵۳žɹҶ׵۵սú
֪׵۳žɹҾͶѺ㾫ʯˣ׬Ⱑ
һҹɽɹ㳡洦ıԹԹ֮˶һʼѺע׵ۻʤģѺע̫ˡ
ģϢΪʲô㴫Ҫʮ龫ʯ
ͬıԹԹ٣ԹŨǶΪԼѺעˮƯ
ⳡЩصǰۿ߿Ѿڶɽɹ㳡Ĺڣҹϵɽɡ
һУֻΪʶһ£ž޵еİ׵ۣͻž֮󣬽ǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ
ߵʱϽɹ㳡ɽ˺һȥӰ㳡̨Χˮйͨ
ԭΪһâı˭֪ɻǺ
ǰ׵ۼȻžɹôһ֮˿ԺˣĴˣ
Ҫ˵һһžǿߣҲδظ˵սʤͻƺİ׵ۡһͻƣ޷ΪžеİԲ̫Զ
δʼ㳡ϵ߽ͷӶ۷׷ף۰׵ۣȻ֮ǰŴ漣Ҷ
Ͱ׵ͬһʱһֱ
ǰ԰׵۵츳ڵĳɾͣڹ磬Ԫԣʱ򣬶Ƶţ
ǹ㳡ЩۿߣϯϣЩǰִĲѡ֣Ҳ۰׵ۣ֮гĽʺޡ
˵аĻᵱԲ𣿡
ڹ㳡Щߺ͹ϯϵĲѡ۰׵۵ʱǰִЩǿߣǶԵǷᵱԲøȤ
һ㣬ûͳһĴ𰸣ǿΪΪ˺ǿߵϣгŵǿΪҺпܻ־Ҷνǿ߽ȥι

һ۵Ǿ˵һ¡һսҶذɣ
쿴аʳˣ
ߵʮֵʱ򣬵ͻȻɽϿգߡ
аҪʲô
⻹˵Ȼǰ뿪ˡһͽܾΥԼ׵۵սֳԱΣ
뿪ֳһƬ飬󲿷˶ΪҪǰ뿪
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ܿģҼԪڵԣЩɻʵ
Ƶûţһ½ǡջĿ⣬ڻص
ĻԪԿ϶ѣʶȤûдɳʵףתƻʵ֣׵СӳžɹʱͻžӵžսҿһҲĵӣǶ԰ͽʮ㣿
ৣ
ȻԪ󣬵ڳĶߣһĿͶ˵ȴĴ𸴡
һ֪
һδشҲûеڴҶʲôʵ֤һС
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а֮ͽʲôͻžİ׵ۣ
ܵûش⣬һ̹Ȼ򶨵̬ͷһźšҶʮ㣡
ðԪڵˣɻѡ
ɻ֮࣬ԪȻ޲ӵе֪ĻջסûʲôڵԣһͬȴĿʼ
ʱţϯϵԽԽࡣ
ЩˣһĲѡ֣ǿߣһˣһ򶨵ڹϯϣ׷ײĿﲻѡ
Դˣ⣬ûȥκһֻۣżƳһߵʣͬʱͷǿӦΧһС
а֮ͽˣ
ߵʮֵʱҶų˴ɽ߳˵Ĺע
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ս磬ţͷ۰Լô˹սҸëǰ;սƲƲ죬ȫս˵

սһͷߡ
һ;սһ뵽ʲô
ʲô
սʣҶΪ֪ս۵ıԣǹ²һҲ档
Ȼս۽һ仰ӡ֤Ҷ˵жϣս磬ܼ̳̫үĴУõΪĻ˵

սǳ鴤
ҶȻжϳս۹²Ҳ⻰׵ˣЦá
а֮ͽȥɰһҲμսӣ̫ˡ
ȷʵ֣ѵĿԿžİ׵ۣ
ֳҶ̸ЦһɵӣֳٴһƬȻ
δʼľȻЧ˭Ϊа֮ͽӮ±ڻעȻΪ15жٽӶ٣
ʱһͷ׵һԾ̨ʱѹȥ
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ݵĳŹȺ֮кܿ˳ַųϣΪ䲻
ҲҲѵûпаǰİͽֵúôΪʲôأǶⳡʮ㡭ϿӣǴС
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Ļܿ㱻˴ϣϣȻ㶼ô˵ˣѺע׵Σ
ǰѺ׵ۣ̽ȫѹϣ
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ۿ˵ڲС˼ǻƤܺҲЩΣֻüװԴϡ
ŻϣȷѺٽӶ٣
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дϲӦͬʱɨսʵţ˵а֮ͽҶĪ֮Ϊ֧ôҲǴֱʰɡѺ٣
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һԣһӵʮ龫ʯ㸻ˣһٿ龫ʯһǧǾ޸
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ҵĲҵȻ󣬵óһǧ龫ʯҲ㲻ѡ
սݸԪһҰġ񣬵ʮ˵
ãããһ龫ʯŽˣ
ϼûҶ·Ѿһ龫ʯˡ
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ˣװˣұǶŵˣɴá㿴ֵ٣
ûлӦ
һ̡
ڣ˶Ŀɿڴ
а֮ͽƾʲôսʤžİ׵ۣ
ৣ
һ̣ǲԼͬؽĿͶ˳ԵҶ̲סԼ




593 Ҷս׵ 
һĿ⣬Ҷı鿴ȥȻʮֵɣǸо·μսģۿġ
Ҷıֺɵı飬еɻŨ벻Ҷڡ
ϣ֪źųûвҽӵĶԼѲɽҪˣ
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ܻΪҶԲͻžİ׵۵Ķ֣ǵٴĻȴǶҡˡ
иҶһ̶ûУذܵĻôսǰģὫԼɶע
һУóȻ³Ķעѡ˼Ӿܾ
ϣˡ
ԣ¶ʽ˲Цݣȴټּע
Ϊԣע׬ȡʯǴҪģΪҶƲĿģ

Գļϴѡ˳Ĭ
ѵս
˵ղսͳΪֻǳҶʵͻžİ׵һսĻôʱ˿̣˶ãⳡսӦòԤеǰ򵥣
ǶԼʼҶ֮սڴˣ
Ժɻע£Ҷڳ˵ͬ£ϯ̹Ȼȴ׵۵ĵ


˵ӵʱɽϿճ֣Ź㳡̨Х
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һ֮УӨŽصĸ첲һЦضŹϯϵҶڿˡ
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֮䣬ϯϿգ䵶غͽӨƮȻ£׵һԾԾ̨ٶȿ硣
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ৣ
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ȻóһսѾ޷ˣΪ˴ĲгҪԼְ𣬰Ѹߵĳˡ
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ȻˣǽⳡòУ˫ƾ£һʤһýб׻֯ͷٴοڣ࣬
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ӣΪģʦɲΪҿǶûģʦһԼͽʤϧˣ
мһЦѵ֪˵飬Ȼܰװױ˽䵶ʶصǰд̼
ò˵ħ֮ĳһһڣڽ䵶˾·䵶ҶԼԴĻǱǶ԰׵ûĵģ
ûģЦ
Ȼ䵶ѡֻӲͷƤڵĿӣͽ׵һսܸԲɽ
ãããһ֤ý䵶ƥˣ
ĿĴɣѣתĿ⣬䵶ĽӨСƨأ
㡭ʲô˼
ӨŭĿɣСڳΪʵڳ̳ƺΪСƨ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥰ϲҼΪ˻ػ˵ɣҶԼҼֶ
̼ڿ˵ϲ׵۸磬ȴܹñʤҿϲȼŮٻҪ۰
㡭˵ӨȻŭ˭˵ҲŰ׵۸磿
ȻţΪβҶЦ
СӨ
֪ΪΣҪӨԭ԰׵ʮĽأһľĸоʶֹӨ
Ȼ
ȽغĻ˵ڣӨŭľͶģʲôҵģһս׵۸ˣ
ãϲ
ԣЦҶļ򣬵ˣֶСָ׼Сƨģȥһˣ

ۿƵý䵶Ө׷Ϊ˰׵۶һȻ
Ȼ̨ΧЩߺ͹ϯϵĲѡ֣ǿߣи̾ħ֮Ȼ鴫û
ಣ
ҶûзϻһΣһӣ̨׵׶վѸ񣬽Լľ״̬
죬Ҷ˵㲻ܸҴµľϲĻһսûκ
죬б䡪ǷܸҴϲһսĽѾע
Ҷ̨׵۵һʱҶϢĿһ㶢Ҷһƿȫֵ̬ҿԸһչּսĻᣬܵķڷ
Ҳ˵죬һᰴԤȡԴ
ҶڻӦȴ

׵ԣЦһ㣬ЦҶƾʲô
ƾͬ磬ɱ׼ƾңԽɱ
ҶȻȣ绢ХҪ㳡ϿյɢƵġ
һ̡
ٵ͵
Ҫķʽ׵Űһ




594 Ҷս׵ 
ƾͬ磬ɱ׼ƾңԽɱ
ҶĻ£̨ΧЩۿߣǹϯϲμӱѡ֣ǿߣ𾪲ѡ
Ȼ
𾪹𾪣ǲòϣĿǰҶƾԲһ·ɨ·šԽܡ
Ǻǡ
׵ЦˣΪһһͬ޵УΪ֮µһˣ
˿̣Ҷȴ˵ͬɱ׼Խɱ
ŭЦ
ﬣ
ŭЦ󣬰׵۱һѪ񵶣ָҶɱȻҵҪԽɱң
ݣ
Ӧ׵۵һƿ
ҶɵҶͲɳһ׹⣬Хǰİ׵ۣٶȿ磬˲ɱ
ɽһʽâ
һսҶѷɵʹáɽһʽâСɽ׶ε޻֮
һսҶѡһֱǡɽֱӶˡɽһʽâСɽ׶ε׵ָεֵ
ûã
׵һŭȣֶȻһӣѪɫѪ񵶣һâһ
һնһȵӵ֮мŰ׵۵Ѫɱγһ״Ѫ쵶âնҶɵ
ѪӰ
׵һֱ־ѧѪӰδʹáɱѪɱɱУȴֲ˹
ﬣ
һ죬Ҷɵ÷УѪɫâ˲ըѣµײΪԲģ
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Ҷ׵۵ĵһζԾ˵ľ
Ȼ˶ó˸ûֵ˼һǻƴģƱҪնɱ
Ҷķɵɱǰ׵۵ĵס
ݣ
˰ľͬʱһƿ
Ҷ߶ڶҶɵ
ˣ
׵һ㲻ӭϡ
ৣ
£׵۵ӰѪȻ£նӭҶɵ
ʱ
ҶɵȻ٣
ɽһʽâɽ׶
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ţ
ͻı仯ð׵ӿΣɫȻһ䣬ȴУ
ﬣ
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Ѫɫâ֣Ҷɵһ׹⣬ײѪϣһ½Ѫ𿪣΢΢ƫƣӰ׵۵ĶϺХ
⣡
׵ͷһ𣬾һ亹
ղţҶ;Уӷɵɱȫ˰׵۵Ԥϣ
ƾḻĲɱ飬ڳ˲΢΢ƫͷĻ˿ѳΪҶĵ»ˣ
ǿڣ˶Ϊ֮ݣ
ΪҲû뵽ҶȻ˵ǿƣһѹŰ׵۴˵㽫׵ۻɱ
ǿô
ݣ
һƿ𣬼ҶɵҶĲ£Ƶģڿһת䣬Ȼԭ·ɱأ׵ۺԣ
ȻҶ׵۴ϢĻᣬҪ߶ɱУѹȰ׵ۣð׵޷Լ
ৣ
ûκԥ׵۽һܹҶɵ
Ȼ
Ҷɵǰװ˸Ƶģһ֮˲ı䷽򣬼̴׵ۡ
ûûô
׵۵θոסֲҶɵ겻ɢƵģٴδʱŭֹ
ৣ
ŭ󣬰׵ٴնһ
һΣɵյ˫յ
˫յ
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Ǿ˳ͷ­ͷ­𲻿ߴףʺ죬Ѫֲ
˵ͬһѪɫĴ󵶣Ѫ߰ߣԵĶħר˼ո
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ѪɱѪħ֣
׵һó벽ȫսݱѪħӰ
ৣ
׵ۺͷѪħӰͬһʱնһ
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񱩵Ѫ̺Ű׵ɱ⣬γһʵʵѪɫâ
ѪɫĹâӳ̨ϿգȫҶɵİ׹û
ﬣ
һ죬Ҷɵֱӱ÷ԶʣѪɫâȴɢնǰҶ
ž
ҶɵײѪɫâĻᣬҶһŶ棬ŷ֮ٵУԴ˱ܿâնɱ

ϯҶǲһѪɫ֮ϣѪɫâºХһ½µĲӰնɷ飡
䣡
Ѫɫâ϶£նڵϣֱӽնһ׵ĺܵʯȫΪĩƾˣ
̫ǿˣ
׵۳ζǿɱУ֮⣬˶Ϊ֮ɫ
Ҷʮĳս
ǿ׵һȫԶԿžǿߵľɱֱֲ˹
һ󣬾Ťת׵ƱǣһҶҪҶ֮ľ룬ɱҶ
ݣ
ҶƺԤϣأһĶãٴδ߶ɵʵʩɱ׵ǰ·ߣƵð׵۲òͣ½Ų
ȻҶɵɱİ׵ۣҴ⣬¼ٶ
ð׵ŭǣһΣҶ߶ɵɱԶղţ˳նһУһܽ
Ȼ
û
ݼš
׵۷Ӧһк󣬻Ѿߡ
ž
ҶƽأȰ׵ٴζٴδ߶ɵɱ׵ۡ
һΣһĶãʹáɽһʽâٴα˴ɽ׶ε
ɽ׶εġâѾչֳˡâֵ壬ɵ̳âХٶȿ޷˲ɱ
Ϊֹˣ
׵۸ղűҶšƭŭֹٴԷɵɱ㲻ֱնһ
һΣΪɵɱٶʵ̫죬ʩչǿɱСѪɱֻԡɱ档
ɱǡѪӰ֮ڡѪɱʽԢΪɱһĹʽһһһʤһֱնɱΪֹ
ղţ׵۶áѪɱѾԳҶɵɱǿáɱУҿԱ㱻Ϊ

Ѫɫâ֣һֺ£ҶɵֱֲӽҶɵ÷𣬶ѪɫâҲ䴩˲ըѣΪС
ƽɫ
ò˵׵۵Ĳɱʵ̫ḻԤƿֲ
һնѪɫâȻҶɵֱ֮ըˣҲгɹٱ
٣ļսô
׵һЦѪ񵶣ٴҪնڶǡɱ
ݣ
ʱһҶɵƾճڰ׵׵۵ĺԣ
һ¹ٶȼ죬ҹϲ⣬ȫ˰׵۵Ԥϣ
⣡
Σ٣׵ͷһȫ˲̣һʱ;УѪ񵶣ᵲ
ﬣ
һҶɵһѪ񵶣Ľ
ҶɵõɶѪͬ޷һ׵Լ
ž
׵âѪ񵶳У˲ѣ
̣â𣬰׵ۻһɫһƬɷףǸѪ˿
׵ˣ
ҶȻ
һζüս߶Ҷɵâɽ׶εһ»˰׵ۣ




595 Ҷս׵ 
Ҷӳ֮󣬱һֱռѹŰ׵۴°׵ʹǿɱУҲδֱӶüս˺ųž޵еİ׵ۡ
һУƸӣʵڶ̶ʱڷģٶȼ죬ӦӲϾֳ޷ֻ̣ܿ
ô£׵ôˣ
㳡֮ϣһֻǺ쾳ߣ׵ɫסѪ
ǰ׵۵ʵ֧ߣŰ׵һ𣬴˿̿׵۾ȻҶˣֱӱˡ
㳡֮ϣ󲿷ֹۿߣһֲһɴ۾ض̨֮ϵİ׵ۣƺһġ
а֮ͽԲ磬һֱѹͬ޵еİ׵۴˵Ȼð׵ˣǲ˼飡
ϯЩѡ֣ҲǾòᡣ
УΪ𾪣
죬ҶսҶֻǴ߶ɽһʽâСɽ׶ε޻֮հܸ
ղţʵȻóҶüս߶ķɵɱԶա
ԼǷԽҶǿɱУ
ԭΪа֮ͽ̫ȷʵпʱͬȾ磬׵ȷʵһսʸûУ
˵ͬȾ磬ҿԽս׵ҲӮ١
ǿҲ̲סʵǿܹղһԾÿһϸڣȻװ׵Ҷ֮Ĳࡣ
Ҷְ𣬷Ī
Ҷ䣬򣬴趼ʶΪֹ
ϯһ࣬սսǴ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ֱܵС
ܰ˾ͽˮˣǽҵķ
һ࣬䵶ŽغͽӨˣ׵ˣֳڵۣ鼫ΪѿǸоȳԷʱһֻӬҪܣ
Ȼ
ܹܣ䵶ͽض˶ûп˵ʲô
Ȼ֪׵ۿʱͻžŤתƣҲòϣ׵ۺҶͬȾ磬ûκλᣬɡ
ҶԽս׵Ҳʮա
һ£ð׵ۿʱͻž˵£ֻ֤׵۲Ҷ衣
ϾԹν֮ͬȾ½еģ
ʲôŵģ׵۸ͻžɱԷˮһ򵥣
䵶Өˣ֪ʣͼеñȴŮ˫ȻӨȴʮֲޣΪܣΪٵؽ
ǰҰ׵۸ų֮ͬ޵Уž֮޵УڱװԽˣҲֻͻƣܼһսˡ
ԣŽӨ¶һ˲ЦݣɹžأҰ׵۸
㡭
죡
䳰ȷӨ˵ʲôֹ
û뵽һֱ簮ԼĽأѵԼӨһ
ز˷׷һֿ׳յĿ⿴
֮⣬⻹̨ϵİ׵ۣɫ࣬Ȼľٶʮֲ
ҳϣĲɱܷḻɵɱϲ⣬ֻһˡ
̨֮ϣ׵۲δͻžضҶ˻Ƶ˵
Ǿ仰ͬ磬ɱ׼Խսɱ
ȻҶó׵ʱ䣬ȶҵѪδڳ֣һŵͬҸҸ˵ģδͽ͵ģע
ǴԲѣ
׵Цԭ԰׵ѻָѪɫѪٴηڣս졣
սǿ죬ָˣǾͼսɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǸоں͵˽սں졣
~
ҶĻҶǸģҶ赭д׵һֻȵβ͵èʱըëˣǳ鴤ֱֹ

׵۱һ͵һһӰҶ
ݣ
Ӧ׵۵һƿ
ûκԥҶֱӴ߶ɵɱ׵ǰ·ߣð׵޷ӽԼ
ৣ
һΣ׵ûӲƴȻһ٣ܷɵɱͬʱһΣҪбͻ
Ȼ
׵۸һ෽ϮڶҶɵХ
ƣ
׵۱ͣ½Ųŭһһն
ɱ
֮ǰеľ飬׵ûĴռɱСѪɱǶ˿ɱ
ﬣ
һ죬Ҷɵ׵նѪɫâɡ
ݣ
ʱ
һҶɵ˲ɱȫ׵۴Ϣᡣ
ৣ
׵۶޿ɶ㣬ֻٴնһٴҶɵ
У׵۲ټͻ͵תҶ˫Ȼס
ҪеĿ϶߶ռɱУ䱻ΪȻҶܵĻᣬٽӽҶ
һɹնҶͷ­
ܷʵܹǸС
ݣ
ݣ
Ȱ׵еѪնƿͬʱ𣬴ͬķ򣬴ɱ׵ۡ
Ҷ˰׵۵ͼδڶԹءǰ׵ִնһô޷ܷɵɱɣжĻᡣ
Σգ
׵ͷһæյˣ

Ҷɵգ׵µĲӰ
׵ͣ½Ųüͷȫšһ
ȻҶķɵɱͬҲҶľ룬ƶΪҶ̫ԶĹ޷ҶвҶķɵɱȴ˶٣ȫԸв
Ҫӽңǲܣ
Ҷ˵ţͣ߶ѷɵʹáâɽ׶ε԰׵ʵʩơ
ݣݣݣ
ৣৣৣ
һʱ䣬ɵƿյ֮Ӧǰ׵ƶ
̨֮ϣ׵۲ϵӭҶɵ
ΪһӭĻ¶Ϳյ
ʱѵֵڶҶɵɱ
û뵽ųİ׵ۣȻᱻͬ˱Ƶز
ֻҲͰˣؼа֮ͽֻԲ磬ֻ
ۿ׵һɥ֮Ȯһ㣬̨֮϶ܣܹˣ겻ѡ
̾ǺȻ֣׵ٶܵһ˿Ӱ죬ҶƵ̨ǡ
ৣ
һ̡
׵̲סӵˡ
Ϊ˱ⱻҶֻ̨ӭɵɱ
ﬣ
촫׵۵Ҷɵһɡ
ͬʱڶҶɵͬһʱɱǰ׵۷ӦѾ㹻֮죬ǱɵС
ۣ
𣬷Ҷɵٶȵļӳ£ſµһƵ˰׵۵ĻâӰ׵۵ļ´Ѫ쭶
׵ۻһѪһҡ
ݣ
һΣҶȰ׵ȶѪٳɱУһҶɵ׵۵ĺᣡ
˿̣׵۵Ļâƣңʱ޷߶µĻâǱУɣ
ৣ
Σʱ̣׵ֻܲԾ̨

ۿ׵ٴˣұƵԾ̨Щܹ彻ս̵ǿߣһȻ
СۣҪٸСϷˣˣͻžն
䵶ɫϣ޿̵ؿˡ
Ȼó׵ƾ벽սʤҶܣӽҶ
һǰ׵ۼ԰벽սսֻ裬ͽơ
׵۸磬ͻž
ӨҲˣͨ죬Ǹо޲ô׵ͻžһҶ
û뵽һᱻƵزûϵһжҪˡ㽫ûκλᣡ
˵䣬׵ϵϢȻǣ˲ͻư벽ļޣһͻž




596 Ҷս׵ 
׵۽ˣҶֱ̨ӵͻžż
һУһݡ
һսľʳ̶ȣҲԶԶ˵Ԥϣû뵽ҶȻһֱǿƵѹŰ׵۴ձƵð׵۲òͻž
̨Ե׵۵Ѫһ··ֹһ糱һˡ
һ޵еƣΪԲģӣٽЩߣеһɾ޴ѹֻû鲻ԽصˣԶ̨
һ̣׵սһֲսʤĸо
Ȼ綼žɹû뵽ȻͻƵɡ
ǰ˲˰벽žת䣬ٶȼֱš
˰׵۳žɹϢǴʱ˿̣׵ͻƣֳһƬȻ
һղһղܳǿߡ
һǵԹ赲̫̫һ޷һ硣
һУֻΪͻҪĲۣΪҪ־֣ҪƺѶȼ
׵ȻոͻžϢʵ̫ǿˣϤһ磬ֻǿѹơ
ǰһͻƣԷӳžȫս֮⣬ѽѪӰһµĵزɱ鼫Ϊḻг޵ת޵ƣԿž֮еİˡ
ϯϣžǿߣ̷ĸ̾
׵һͻƣԿžİڣ
˵Ļ£ԭֵĹ㳡˲䰲
㳡֮ϣЩߣǵɴ۾һ˼ضŰ׵ۡ
ͬʱϯϣѡ֣ҲһĽʵؿŰ׵ۡ
ǿͰ׵Ȼž߸޷ᲢۣǰУ˽ݾԼĿޡ
֮⣬ֻǿӳžǿߵս׵һͻƣԿžİڣֱһϣһ£
ȻҺܲˬ˵òϣǻ꣬ǧ궼ѵһš
ϯϣսܵ׵ǿֲϢ̲ס̾˿
ȷʵǿ
ͷҲžܹظܵ׵֮Ĳࡣ
ĬĬ˶˵Ļ
ܰ˾ͽˮԣµȻ˵ٴӿֳ˵ǵı飬˾ͽˮ̲סʵ粻Σհɣ
ˮҶôΣأ¹ɵǰ꣬ǧѵһţҶ磬߹Ҷӻ־
սһҶģǸо·Ҷоܵûʲô첻顣
֪Ŀ棬Զ֪жôǿ󣡡ϯһ࣬Өս۵ĻһЦԽʮ㡣
սһЦСңӵȷ֪жǿ֪Ҷʤ͹ˣ
˵û׵۾ޣҶֵܣ߹һսս۵Ļͦ
µа֮ͽҪʲôʤ
ս۵Ļ˶ΪȻսĻ£ϯϵǿڣɻѡ
ɻ֮࣬ǿ̲סƳһۣȻ̨ȥһҲҶ
ǿеɻŨͬʱҲý䵶иеһĪĲ
СۣʨӲȫҪҶСκλᣡ
ȻǸ߽䵶ͻžİ׵ۣɱҶ׼ʵ̫ˣ˲̲סѡ
׵۸磬̨Щ֪˵ɴ۾ţһ
ӨҲ̲סˣһĦȭƵӣƺѾȲ뿴ҶѪɵĳˡ
ž
Ӧ䵶ͽӨһ졣
̨Ե׵һʥҩҩ˿ϣѸֹѪˡ
һУһԾ̨
ܹƵžսɱ㣬ûж㹻Ժˣ
̨֮ϣ׵ۻѪƣɱȻ˫ͨضҶͳ˻Ƶңô

ҶԣŭЦǿƣ˵ԽɱΪѹƾô
£ҶһٿѹԼľ磬Ǵ߶һ³ư벽ƿ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˵Ϣǻɽ緢һ㣬Ȼǣ
̨֮ϣҶ˫֮н˸һŽɫü֣һɫ֡
Ϊ
ͻư벽ı־
Ҷͻư벽֮ʼתΪ״
֮⣬˵ƣҲ֮˸ı䣬Ȼ׵ǰԵңһ޵еĸоȴҲ·磬һ֡ˮڡĸо
ԭˣа֮ͽҲѹ˾硣
Ȼѹƾ磬׵ѹƴ󾳽磬һ죬а֮ͽֻѹС磬߲Ტۡ
û֮ǿߣԹδ˿ڰ벽žǿߣ׵һͻƣս൱ڰ벽֮еİа֮ͽ޻ᣬذɣ
ۿҶҲͻƣֳٴһ궯۷׷ף㼺˶ΪҶذɡ
˶Ϊο׵Լ
Ϊͻư벽ܿң̫ˣ
̨֮ϣ׵ۿˣŶԵǸо·Ҷһˡ
ǿ⣬ǻɱ
ҶϢֹͣüĵĽɫӽʧ֮Ҳٽ˸һƽؿŰ׵ۣ˵һӦ飬벽޷սʤžɣ죬ƣ
ɽɹ㳡ϣҶԭ赭дĻһը죬һ㱡
һ̣˶һָоҶȻʮƽǹȰ׵ٰ֣
Ȼˣ㣬Ƕô֪
׵ЦһѪ׷ڣս˲䱬ɱ죬һɱ٣Ҫչһɱ
Ǿ仰Խɱ죬Ѫͷ­ԹµĶɣ
ҶǿƻӦ˲״̬
һն㣡
׵۱һ˫յһնҶ
Ѫɱ
ͻž֮󣬰׵ٴζռɱС
ѪɱѪħ֣
׵۵ͷ˵Ѫħٴθ֣ҿȥȸղŸΪ
Ǳŭһ㣬˻
һ̡
׵ͬһʱӳеս
һն̨ɫ
һŨѪ̨֣̱ǵѪζȫ
һף׵ѪɫâѪ֮ӿ֣Ű׵۵Ŀֲɱ޵žҵնҶ
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һʱ䣬̨֮ϣ𣬵âƵ֣׵һһһһ£ԽԽʢ
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598 ն׵ۣ
֮ǰҶеľɽ棬ֻµʱ㽫һʽâ˴ɽ׶Σʼ޷Բ׶Σֻ˶Σ󾫣ͬʱҶɵﵽɽ׶εճɹ
ʼ֮Ҷֹһ򡮴âҪһԲ׶Σʼûгɹ˼⡣
ղţҶΪͻƵ벽֮ʼתΪ״ʵı仯ͬʱҲҶһܡ֮ǰ޷âԲ׶Σ򲻹ΪƷʲ޷߶ҶɵԲ׶ε
һ֮Ҷһ߲Ҷɵ԰׵ʵʩѹƣһ߳áâﵽԲ׶Ρ
ϵĳԣҶճɹ
ΪһУҶ㿴׵۽˼ΪΣյľ룬Ȼʮֵ
˿̣ۿ׵ۿ񱩣ҪٴʹǿɱУҶٸ׵κλᣬֱʹôԲ׶εġâ
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ﱻ٣׵ͻžڵڲ˲ɢΪУ
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599 Ըķ
׵ͻžսǣΪͻҶѹƣȴ޷ֵҶһУձҶһŶԴ
˵Ԥϣ
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һʱ䣬ټɽɹ㳡ٴΰ˶Լͬؿ̨
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Ǹо·ԣնɱ׵ۣһ˳µ飬û̫
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׵ͻžսžİȴ޷ֵа֮ͽһʵš
ǰа֮ͽǧŶɣҸӿţʵ𣡡
ҶľٶȺлعй㳡Щսߣ۷׷ף˷ܲѡ
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ϯϣһμӴ˴ߣĸ̾
ЩμӴ˴δԣǳĬͷеһ
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ĽΪǶԣֻԸһѰҵ˵е·ͻƵǸ˵еľ磬߱һѵĴˣ̳Լ²
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ʶҶǿ֮ҶһΡĸɽԶ֮·ǰΪ׷ϵĿ꣡
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սǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ֿʼɪˣǸо·ղ̨ϴչҶ

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ս۵ĻһͰˮ˽Өϣ˲佫ŭͷһ䣡
Ϊսۻһ£ǰ¶ԼҪ׵۹
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600 ϴԳ
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605 ƴһս
µɱϽ񻪽Ȼˣթνܵ
䵶ųµشսԪʱڹ㳡֮ϣȺзɱ֮䣬նɱ˹㳡Ͻķ֮һߡ
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̶ʱڣ㳡ϵ˽ķ֮һǵʬ弸ûģ඼һѪ⣬ѪȾ˵棬̱ǵѪζʣ㳡˼
ƣԪǽնҪ
䵶һӴܣһ߹עųƣۿµػɱơԪˣЦ
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606 Բ
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ԽԽʢ˼ԲϢµһ֪ȼΪЦֹ
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һߣϵϢͻȻٴαǣ״ͻ۷徳ļޣһԲ磡




607 ʯ
ڳµر¶ʵ֮Ҳʾһ±ͻԲ磡
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Ϊڶľǿߣ츳׶硪ײֹһ˵ϣ̤Ǹ˵еľ硣
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һ˲䣬Ƕ뵽һµʵֻǸոͻԲ磬µͻԲ磬֮ǰֻǿѹƾ磬߸Ტۡ
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ͻԲ磬µȻ޿֣һؿͬ磬ҲвģΪͻԲ磬Ϳ棿ԲżֻǿѹƲԼͻƣôͻƺſܷӳԲսΪ۵ĵ㹻࣬һٳΪһ֮еİ£޻ᣡ
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񣬰׵ѵսȻҪնԼȡøҡɶΪ֮ĲƸ
Թűڣϻϵ֮һʷƾãʮ㡣
ŵܲλྩһׯ԰ׯ԰ǷչŴ԰ֽģ۹ģȫѷɫྩǵĻʼ԰֡
ҲӲӡ֤˶ŵǿ
ׯ԰ĴȻǷ¹Ž죬һˢź̴ľţſӨ͸ʨͬǹһ㣬ſڣĿ絶ɨׯ԰ҶԪ
ʲôˣкιɣ
ҶԪׯ԰ſںһߣǰһʵ
ϣȥһŵ˶磬ȷʵţư
սսۡͶϡһʣӴսѽսһЩͷѧ˸ȫ
Ȼ֪ǶܲȻҵңǻòͷô
Լսˣɫһ䣬ŭȵ
ͬʱͷĿòԾæɽǰ׻λֵƢ𱩣˵е֪λܲкιɣ
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սһǻϣٳð̧Σȥ
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ٴսĻҪ˵һʼ˵ߣͷĿɫһ䣬߸Ц
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ٴսĻϵĲʱȻ޴棬ȡ֮һ
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ģǲΪǣȥϣ߶ҲС
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ϣҶСֵܡսСֵܣӭǹٴݣͣ
Ӻ󣬾͵ҶԪһׯ԰ĺԺʱһӰɱδǽһ顣
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ȻҶսеĿ֪սֱ˵˵һ࣬ưͳԻп˵
գҶ׵۴ս֮ǰսѹҶʤһ龫ʯ15Ϊ׵۱ʤ԰װӮһʾ޸ʱֵ۾гһ϶˿̵ıԱȣγ˽Ȼķ
˭Сֵܣ۱֣ܵүү˰
սߺߵϣ׽飬ǸҲûʲôԡԸķ䣬ǶǸˣСаһŭǶţ
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սвϷǵûжŭŵõһϷֱ
ʱ򣬶ʼնΪ׵۱ضǹھΪͶעν࣬һЩΪЩðҶ
ͻԲ磬˳µأΪľҪԸţҪ˵Գ֣һӣӦ߱ơ
һҶɱ׵ֳսڶܲׯ԰쭣ܹҶˣ޼

ڻŵĸβͬʱҶһ
ԭܺ棬ԪΪִҪһȡӮĶע˿̲ԵɡԪĻƤ죡
λӷģŵ˼ǧ꣬Ȼˡ
ϵĶͷϸܵĺ飬˵ֻֻǣλܸܲᣬǶŷڸˣǰΣ龫ʯΪһ꣡
У
սһھܾҺҶֶҪžˣҪľʯȵһꣿ
ҪΣȸǧ飬ͷٸǧ飿
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Ҷٴԣû뵽սΪŻϣȻֻѻࡣ
Ҷ֣Ŀǰӵкȭ׺ָ߼ϻҪõ׻֯мзֵּһ߼ټǧ龫ʯ㣬ȫһһ
սٴοڣȻȻڴȤʵڸҶⲢǻѻľҪ͸Ҷǧ龫ʯ
ս㣿Ҷһ
Ҷ֣龫ʯȻѺӮģģӦһ롣οһʣͶϡ
ս˵ţʶԼô⣬æһתѧΪͻư벽ͺҪľʯͲҪܾˡҸ㷭
á
ҶԣһůҲûнؾܾ
Ϊͬս˵ȷʮּ辫ʯͻѧ磡




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ͷ֮ڣҺҶּʯǶž͵ųаʵŭɣ
뿪ܲׯ԰ʱսٴγĻƤŻϣûǽһơ
Ҷս뿪ܲׯ԰ʱֱҶǰ׻֯ȡĽսǰȥҳ˻ϡ
Ҷ֮ǰİţǽúþһ

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С챾ҪӳڵιѺ꣬ӿ׻֯زǼϼһҵ죬Ϊ顭
͢״ЩؿڽͣƺҶҺˡ
سϣȥɡ
ֻһۣҶջĿ⣬ȫӺҵĴڣͬʱ˺͢Ļ

͢΢΢һֻȻҶʱյĵλʵȷʵûбҪͺҼƽˡ
ΪǸΪϣͻžųž֮޵еĺңѱҶԽһԶԶ˦ں棬ֻúȥ
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зһɬͷĬ߽Լİ칫ҡ
ӺҶں͢Ĵ£׵İ칫ҡ
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㣬Լȥɡ
͢Ҷ׵İ칫ǰѹ˵Ȼ󲻵Ҷػת뿪
Ҷ״Ҳûж룬칫š
Сɡ
䣬칫㴫׵ֻ֨һ칫Զ򿪡
Ҷһ׵İ칫ңһŨԪɨȥ칫ռƽףװεùɫ㡣
ڻĹٳǴﵽһĹԱ칫һ㶼ң鷿
Ϊ׻֯죬ĹٳȨƵĴ֮һȻҲ⡣
İ칫ﲻ鷿Ϣңһҡ
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˵䣬һдҶ
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ۿҶĬɫֻ֯·ߡһͬµһһԿ֯ڶŬͻǸ˵еľ磬ӵȺۣ
Ҷԣʧںҹеĺӣҵ˻ؼҵ·ǰһ
һ·ҪҪʱ䣬ҪҪĵ֡һжԣѶ̫󣬼ûκʵֵϣ
ٴοڣ͵һΨߵڶ·ŬͻǸ˵еľ磡
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Ҷһû뵽׾Ȼ˿
ҲóԾܹڶ̶̲ʱڣӺԲһ·ڣ֤Ǳ
׽͵֮˵һͻǸ˵еľ磬Բ֯ΪͻǸ˵оĸ;飬Ϊǿ޼֮룬ȺۣΪ֯
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ǲ֯ȫǵõͻǸ˵еľĸ;飬ϣġ
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ٴοڣ涸ȻһתѵͬʱͻǸ˵еľ磬ǱչؿǲеģҪɱ㽫һΪϾĿ顣
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ֱ׷׷һߣͻǸ˵еľ磬Ⱥۣ֯ôҪһͬ޵У
˵Ǳ֤ͬ޵еĻƽ̨
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û˵һ׳ȴܸܵľģ
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613 Ż


Ȩİ񵥣ܹһ˵ϰ񣬻˵ǿ
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רΪһİ񵥣ԢΪǱǱ
ͬǱֻʮҪͨǱÿʮһΣΪҡ
Ҷ˵񵥣ûϸ˽⣬׵Ľ֪ͣ񵥵ĺ֮ߡ
Ժŵ˵ûһں񵥣
ÿһǱɳԵŲȥ񵥵
Ǳһ
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׸ҶĵһĿ꣬Ҳﳤĵһ
׵Ļ˵Ҷһ㶼ǾͲҪ׷ϰڵһߣΪһͻǸ˵ˣ
һҶ֯ڳ˵λ
״ʦ˵ӵвٹϵҺЩԻǿƣҲ
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ľۻҶģۻص㼰ְŶɳٰ졣
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֮⣬Եʮ壬˷Ա֮⣬ֻҶˡ
Żˣ⿪ţ
Ҷ֣ʵҾõһͨҲͦãɱСҹҹ˯
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ս˵Ϊǿ˵ظĵֱ죬ҪһУ
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ҸʲôԹʲô𣿡ս˵
ܴ𣬺ܴԹ
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С̣ʲôأ
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㶼֪˰ɣعɫӵؿҶ
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Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôá
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˵ԣΪʦȷԱպֱܹ׷ΪһͻǸ˵оˡԣΪʦôյĿʰµأһ棬ʦΪµص츳ʵ̫ǿ˼ܣ̣ڣҲСֳ˾˵츳ҺпϽµ⹦ʮֿ㣬Ϊϣ֮·׷ϳµأԳΪִһͻǸ˵ˣ
ԭˣֲСʱʦûиеԾ
ҶȻֱڣףͳ겢ûлΪοԼѧڤٶԭ
һ棬ʦԣϣµУҪŻͷһ㣬Ȼٴοڣ
İɣС̣һ죬һն³µصͷ­ĸ֮飡Ҷ˫ȭһᶨ
š
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£ӣһеĺͽУһָϰԵ˲ЦݣҶһͬܰˡ
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š
սͷģǰĹأǱͬһĻ罫ɳǰʮѡֲҲ˵ҶҪ
״ʦ˵ˣ컪һŲҶδһ㡣
׼ңչȡǰͻž
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ҶսļԴ˹
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㣬߿𣿡
ʲôߣԺ㣬۸
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˾ͽˮսۺܰȺ󿪿ڣһı顣
չؿȻҪĥز٣ؼҿ
ҶҲˣɽʱ֪ȥѾΪûг
ȻԹµĶɣԽնɱžߣҲҪͲС
ʣ٬ɵص٩򣬵ҽʦȫУʮ㶼ҵĶ֡
μǱ𣿡
֪ΪΣɵģҶһʹʶʵ
ʦӦûҲμӡ
һ֮һ˿ڴڴҶٴطꡣ
ҵ㡣
Ҷ鲻Խؿڣһ˫ء
һٶ˵ת뿪
ת˲䣬ˮģ˫ۣ˵ӻ䡣
ˡ
֮ʣһοˡ
ͬһβǶʱһ
ֻǡ
һΣЦſ޵ġ
һΣˮٿɬ
ֻҶǾ䣺ҵ㣡




614 ĳ
峿һƳԹᴩʵʱ򣬽ֵ𽥳ˣµһ쿪ʼˡ
Żһ俰ǼƵͳ׷Ҷȴûǵֳ°ͣһԵܰ
ܰһֻСèһҶĻУԭĳ⿪ͬٲһ㴹䣬סѩײµԸǣ¡ѩ׷ϣһֱȲֵѹҶϣԸеα¶棬òˡ
˵Ļ棬ҶһķӦȴƾǿ־ԼûκξٶֻǾؿ˯еܰ
أҶעУܰ۽ë΢ز£󻺻۾˵֮¶żãȻƺû˯гѹ
ôûȥ
Ӻܰ˹˫ۣŽߵҶʵ
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Сʤ»飬ˤӣڵֱܰδﵽ۷ֱ֮˯ˡ
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Ҳ֪ҶԣҪŬȡгһͻǸ˵еľ磬Ⱥۣ֯
Ϊ֪һУʱҶԣʮֱ
Ҷߡ
ҲҶ
£ҶΪѡ͵һ糿ú㡢Ҹˡ
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гֳܰҸĵЦݣҶ̾˿Ҫ
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ܰڴҶĻȻҶĴסҶĻҲŬġ
š
Ҷ˵ͷ
ΪҪŬΪ׵Ǳ׼ۻ˾ͽˮ׻֯λųΪʦרܰҲǾպ˹ɽ֮⣬һ־֮ϡ
սҲǷݣŬ˵ҪμӶѧѧУͶѧѧĸ񶷱ʹձ޵ѧﻪ
Ȼܰ˾֪ⱲӶ޷׷Ҷ뾡Ŭ˴֮ĲС

ȻҶ˵Ҫ͵һܰܰù֮󣬱һ˵ҪȥɽŴҶȥæԼ顣
ܰ⣬ҶͬʱǸж
ж֮࣬ܰһ磬ִܰȥæԼ顣
Ϊˣٽ飬ֱ֮ܰ󣬱ǰྩӵеĺԺصྩ󣬱ĺԺнлָҪŵ˽ǧ龫ʯĺԺ
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ѧתƻ˰
ƲƲ죬ɲɵڷҶȻԸܵϢ

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ˣϷˡŵ˽ǧ龫ʯˣЩʯû׼һͻž
˵ţ¶һڴı顣
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˿Ҷһ鲻ؽʯȫõеԪָʵ֪ͬǾԲҪģ
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ǡ
ˣСͲҪٰ׷ѿˡʦ˼ҵӣǾԲҪľʯġ
Ҷ˵ʲôٴαڴϡ
Ҷԣֻ̾͡
ȻҲ֪˵ʵһ°ûʦԴͽΪṩľʯͷѾˣôܻᷴҪľʯ
ۿҶĬû˵ʲôת·ط䣬ǴҶ뵗µһ󷨣Ǽ䴢⡣
룬žŸɫĴӣӰվŸͬķλڷţŨԪȴûɢǾۼھŸӵм䡣
Ǿ
ֻһۣҶ㿴װʯľŸɫӣۣһǾ󣬶ͨľǾͬһЩֲĸĶ
ʦ㲼µ󷨣ֻҪ֮Уվʯ֮еԪ
ڽ͵ֹ֮ͣ߳󷨣ʯ֮еԪֹͣй
ҶĬгŸж
Դӵ֪֪֮ЩһֱṩĶΪԸʹȻ֮⣬Ϊ
񣬵ȻΪܼķΧڣҶİ
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һҶ㱻ŨԪû˸еޱȵˬ
ҶδڽǴһɫĴӣӳһſžʯÿһ龫ʯǼСӨ͸һ㡣
Բ絽žһƺḶ́ҪǡΪתΪΪƷʸߵͻƵ벽
ҶĿӺɫջأϥаͻư벽Ḷ́ҪϵѹתΪҪͨȥƣʧأݻٵ
ԭһڴߺѣʮסǣˡһ˸Ѩ֮жӵоӣұ˴֮γϵһ塣һҪͬʱѹһ˸Ѷ൱ߵİٱ
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ҶţȻ۹۱ǡǹģ
ȻˣǾͳһͻžɣͬ޵У
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У߱ҪʼռᶨԼ־лûʧԥͷھ֮󣬸޷ɹ۳
֮⣬ھѵʱ򣬻ħߣΨ־ᶨǿ߲ſƵħһͻƳɹ
ҲΪһУžһǵǰһһνű棬޷̤һ磡
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Ϊǰ벽֮ǿ󣬲Ҫ˵Բߣǰ벽ʿҲ޷ᲢۣԿžʿ
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֮УһŨԪӿҶڣҶתΪ뾢֮С
ԭľѾͣµľ룬ľһȺԭС¹ͻȻ֮궯ʼӿ
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Ϊز֮еԪͻȻÿӿٶȶȻ
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һνʶռ䲻ͬһΣʶռ
һɫĹڣʶռ֮УһɫУӿԪ
֮Уɫ߱˫֣Ȼмָ˷緶
ͻľýʶռҶһԭء
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Сӣ֪ڿ϶кܶʣҪżһһʣܻشҶ㡣
֮䣬Ҷڹ֮УɫվǰȿڵˣԳƺΪϡ
ϣʲôˣɫʹʲôҶѿʵ
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۱Ƿô
˵꣬Ҷ̲סϡ
ڵ򣬵ȷԳΪԲǵЩͭᲢ۵ģ֮𣡡һ԰
ǾڵˣҶʡ
Ǿڵ顣
ҡͷȻҶһãֽ͵ν飬ָеķǿһ̶֮󣬻ᵮǡ
ᵮǣ
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ȡȵȣ˵;ڶڵһ磿
Ҷٴ̲סشϵĻΪʲôΪʲôֻҵڣ
£Ҷɴ۾۰Ͱ͵ؿϣϵĻش
ǸҪ˵һУǴȥԻȫң




616 ҿأһ
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ԣعޱҰһǳʺ硣Ͻ͵
ôҶʡ
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̾˿Ȼ󲻵Ҷʣ˵ĸǾڵˡ⵽׷ɱдһͨǡͨķӡɶȻ㱻͵硣
ҡĸҲˣ
ҶˣȻԼĸ׵أ͸ζû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼһ硣
ܹ뵽࣬Ҷȥ𺳣ϺʶȤûн˵ǵҶԼ
ӣҶŴӼȵ֮лعؿϣ΢ţ˵ʲôȴԺһƬң˼·֪˵Щʲô
֮ĸ׽ڴڡ֮⣬ĸ׻ԭʼ֮С
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Ϸ˸ۣûˣôܻ֮ߣ㵱Ѽ˰ѧʲôһ¾ѧ֮⣬ͬʿǿҲ׳ԭ򡣡
ԭˡ
ҶһգһֱԼԺȴû뵽һжǾڵĹ͡
ȻЩٶȻҲܵҵӰ졣
ۿҶһΣҲЩ˼ˣ͵ڹȥЩ֮УÿҲ˵ԪʱҶһ֣ʶſȥָһ˿ʵѣ㡣
ҵֵٺ͵٣Ȼֻǻָһ˿ʵ
Ҷٴαˣǿһϣѿʵ㵽жǿ
ϷָʢʱڵʵǿƵ磬ҲϾǿߡܹϷᲢ۵ʿָ
ԣͦأһ԰磬ţǸףųƵǿϷһܽ

Ҷԣʱ
ΪҶסˣСӣ֮ǰ˵һѷ磬ʺߣֻеƤë仰˵ǵʿܶ㲻ϡ
ϣܲţôҶʵ̲סˣֱӿڴϡ
Ϊڴţ
ԣñףǳСӣϷݣõŸ㴵ţ𣿵лȥۺ;ڣ˭˲֪˭ϲ
У֪ȥ磬Ȼô˵ˡ
Ҷһŵ˵㴵ţġһ;ڼȻţƣΪλ㱻ΣȻ;ڶôţˣĸǵˣȻҲȥôܱµǸǧ˵ɱ
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ٴҶĻϲδ֮ǰǰԿ䣬Լǿ󣬶Щʵ
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ҶϳĬо˸Ҳ֪Щʲô
󾵲ˣţˣҶߺߵ
Сӣ˵ҪŬɱǸµأΪĸױ𣿡ϴʣȤʵ
ֹΪĸױ𣬻ҪֹɱҸףѪϴҶң߸ȫĸ֣
˵䣬Ҷıһļᶨ˫ȭգ֮ɱէ֡
ãѪԣϲ
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ô
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ҶȻĶȴȻֱ̬ȡ
СӣϵΪȻڿСԽԽǼߣֻ֮·վҪչͨأԳء
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뿪ʶռ䣬ǸСһȥϷԸ
Сһ
Ҷɴ۾һá׽صˣ
ϷԴӾƳں㵮ˣܰʦŲ㣬Сһʲô

Ҷһϲѣû˵ʲôֱ뿪ʶռ䡣
Сû°ɣ
ۿҶ˫ۣȿʵղҶǶʧƵģʮֵǡ
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ţٴ쿪ʼɣ
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֪˵һжģôҪͬ޵У׷һߣͻǸ˵еľ磬նɱµأѣ




617 ̨
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ྩһĺԺ洦ɼĿݻҶ˲Ҷϣǰһ䷿ݣϻٶ¶˼ֵǡ
ʦСѾչˣôûҪǽȥţţ̲ס
˵ҶѾչˡ
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ͳ˶ظӦҶϢδͳ֮пˡ
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ϥмλãһ޴УΧԪ
һԪͨ108ҪѨڣһһӣˢľѪ⣬ϴࡢ۹ﵽЧ
ԪÿһγˢҶԼľ˺ѣ飬ͷõУѪҺתʹޱȡ
Сӵ־ȷʵ磬Ҳһ֮еٮٮˡ
뵽Ҷֻڳʼʱ޷ܣǺ֮⣬һԣֻ΢΢زҲ̾ѡ
ΪļУ˴Ԫѹˢ幦ľ֮⣬֮г幦ˣ޷Ҷ
ҶĸףҲһ
ϧ㹻ʯСӵԺͻۣӦÿͻγһɳˡ
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ҵӦûԱøǿһЩʯٶһЩͺˡ
źĲϣҶԼڹȥʱ޷ʹ࣬ҲظܵԼı仯֪ջ޴
СӣŰ˰
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İ취ҿ϶ѡŰ
Ҷԣ뵽Լһʼͬʱ߶һ˸ԪԪں󳹵ʧأŰĸо
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ˣУܵʹһֶûм٣ȫƾ־Լġ
£ʽԪ壬Ȼѡ巽ʽ
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Ͻ͵ЩĵرΪ󣬼ѰңϸûС磬Ҳ˶ģΨдɡҵŵӲſĴ
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СӣҲôͷɥ
ֿ˵Խܹܵļޣݲ巽ʽȻʮΣգԪķգһʹ࣬ôҲǺܶġ
һ巽ʽһһγԽļޣյĳɾԶҩԡԱȵġҩԡ壬ԽЧԽС󼸺ûʲôá
ڶ巽ʽڲϵ֮ǻ߿ԺУԽĪĺô
󣬱־ˡĹУʱ޿̶ĥ־ھ͡ʶ٣޷ᵽ־ǿãȵгһܳΪǿ֮Żף־ǿ񽫻ڹؼʱ𵽾Եã
ðɣ˵Űǿ˵ʲô֮壬ҪԪСĻ˵Ԫѷ㲼󷨣ۼԪУΨվʯ֮еԪһ·
ҶƵ˵ǣҵľʯ඼ˣŰˡ

ȻҶĻһ顢ΣȻ򶨵СӣϷȻʯҲ̻巽ңϷ״̬Σʱ򣬰߶ڣɱУ
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Ҷǰһ֪Ǻεȵı̬ܹ߶ɱеĻֱɱ񣬷ɱ
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ôྫʯ֮еԪȻֻܳһΡҶͻȻЩˣ㡣
СӣɲҪڸв֪Ϸ򲻳ԣһֱضǾ춯أ͵Щ߹ɱ׼ϰ˵
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Ϊָĵ۱ȻáڸҲǰ״ҵʯ˵ɡ
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СӣҴͨոսʱδ˯Ӧ򣬲ŨĵطЩطпܻڣҪȥ
ۿҶüϺȻ뵽ʲôЩ˷ܣܹѰҵһ壬ҿ԰Һ;ҲָܻһЩʵ

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Щ˼˵
ʱȥˣ
Ҷи̾һ
һ졣
Զø磡


618 ̤;
ԪϡˣʯӦĹˣСϢûб䣬ô£
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ԣҲһɻ󣬲֪׷ʲô顣
ʦǽȥɣٴ
á
һΣټ֣ͬ˳顣
ৣ
Ȼ
ȵ˽֮УҶӰ֮ٶȼ죬һӰ
߶ƾٶȱɴﵽز塷Ȼ档
ҶסΣаһȻֵǹؿ»عȿڵʦС̡
Сƨʦ˵Ҫչ벽žôྫʯѧΪһ㳤ûС⵽ô£̲סʵ
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ԭǴЩʯ벽ģָı⣬ЩʯˡҶԣ׵ͳΪιؿ͡
壿
ͳͬԡ
ţվʯ֮еԪڣϳԽܳܵļޣʣﵽĿġҶʵ˵

ҶĻõԲ۾Ҷ˵巽δţ顣
Ҳһȡ
Ȼû˵ķʽҲ֪ԪڣԽܳܵļޣһǳΣյ飬вᱬ
Сƨѧ巽ʽΣհݵ𾪹󣬳ٴοʵ
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ƻϲϱ仯
ҶҲû뵽һձ֮УΪ֮裡


619 ͷڹ꣬ҹԴ
ڹʱձĹ֮һһʱڣһԾΪʱڶ󾭼ǿֱϸ;ʮ볤ڵԣ仯ӻϾ⡣
ձȻѾЩ⣬ΪDestroy޷ֿⳡʷĺƽ٣Ͷɵ޸һͬˣΪ˵һݡ
ݶԣձݵĵλҪԺյö࣬ĳжȻεذռȫĴ֮һΡ
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Ƭ֮һεĺϣ̤ձݵأ




620 Ű
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ʮӵʱѧѧУͣһУˣ󲿷ֶǶѧѧѧһУͼʦ
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621 ȣҪ꣡
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սԭʮѻ𣬴˿һУĻһ飬ʱëˣ⼸˵סңҲ˵ҶԲѷͷȴҺˣ

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һ棬ּձٹ̡ӴԶԶһĴѧУҵġ
ΪҪǣղҲҶǷòᣬбҪսһ̵Ľѵ

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Ҷ磬׷ʲôˣ
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˾Ȼ֪׷ʲô飬ûҶʣǵһʱͷŲȵףԽӢ˲ڳһ磬Խǰʧڳ֮С

Ϊɽձ´ĸˣɽŵ֮һϤձгЩһֱձҽźͺӽӵձ
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ⶰԭǳµģ뿪ձг´󹦣ӽźӽӵձֱӽⶰ롣
Ĵֱʣɷ˵ʱɽһͬʱҲʮָм
֮뽫мɶŬذձгɼȻǳµĵɽ;ĸ
ˣҲҶĵؽʵݱ¶롣
ͬҶԤϵһȷʵļ١
Ҷս۽ʱһ֧̣ڴⲽüͷȫšһ𣬶ؿɳϣ档
ҶҶ
Ҷս۽ţæժδȼ̣Ҵҵӭϡ
ҶҶŮôˣ
ͬʱӡৡһ´ɳϵ첽嵽Ҷǰۡʵ
ҲȷǲҾÿԺܴϣλ׼
ҶȻԿ϶ŮҰǿûҰѻ˵
Ȼ
ˣҲŵɫףȷ뼰ʱţһͷԵڵˡ
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Ҷ״޷رܣĻû˵ڣſŵҶҶ˵ɣҳܵˡ
ġ
һ˵Ҷٳɣ½֮ǰһкԼжϣ򸾶ˡ
ģ֪ҸղžӦǸ
֪ŮпܱҰǿսǱȵβ͵èʱըëˣŭֹ
ͬʱֻ̱Ե뻳С
Ȼӵһżǿ࣬ԶˣҲǻӲֻǻеزӡ
Ҷ״û˵ǵ򸾶ϢȶһЩǽн̸
һӺŴӴлعֻ¡˫ͨزɳ
Ƕʧһ㣬ɬ˫뽫ɳϣϴ档
~
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֮ҪȷյĽ
ҶȻҲܷŭͷʮ侲˵ܣȥ֮еһץѯŮǷܺˡ
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ûٶ˵ʲôóֻͨһ룺С¡
ԼĪӺ֮ǰҶ˾첽߽˴
ܻıڼ˾
ܣҡ
ܻſıʶҶ֮ǰ˵ӦģͷһϹ˵
СӨѧУһгҰѧꡣȥǵݣȻһ˴ָʾ
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ܻϹҪ뿪
ǸҰǺɾߣ㲻Ҫ֣ҲҪ涯֡Ҷѵ
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ܻɾظ𸴣Ȼٵ˵ʲô첽˱
Сʱ
ΪҰһӵĻëܻ꣬˱׵øͷһѣѪ˻֮С
ܣˣСȷʵˡ
ܻë궪ڵذϣһߣ˵˵ǸгҰǿнСһ̣СӣСѪ
ССӨ
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Ϊ֮ǰҶĻѾ㹻׼֪ԼŮֻּ絶ˮôҲֹס
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˵СǸҰ飬С˶ߵĽܻ˵
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ҶָָϻʵĻëꡣ
ৣ
սԣ˵ǰһһץëꡣ
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ûκԥսֱӸ˻ëһǴ⡣

ҵʹֱûëӻоѣȫݣѪģ
ۣҪ嶯
Ҷ״սۿƲס˻ë꣬ǳһ䣬ȻĿ絶һ㶢Żë꣬˵ĵطҲСӨʬ壬ҾͰ
Ҫɱң
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ʮӺҶ롢սۺܻˣջë˵˶߽һƬ֡
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ССӨ
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ܻԥһ£ǳѵͨΪСӨֻعȺۣºѡ
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Ϊ֪ܻ˵ʵּձľްԼ壬ݺ̽硢磬ˣ뱣Ұ£
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ȻܻĻԭȫɵĻë꣬Ȼѣˮ֮ץסһݣ˻
ܣɱ˳쾭塪ֶβУҰŮֻع
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623 յϢ
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ΪҶȻڻıΪһ١Ȩ죬ҲڻģձҶ˳ҰһţּԲŹҶǻ᲻ϧһд۶ԸҶ
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ڶ磬Ҷ׼սǰѧѧμӽһѧʱձص˱
壬ôˣȺץ𣿡
ţսۡৡһ´ɳϵ𣬿żɽʵ
˳Ұ֮⣬˶Ѿ˾֡ɫЩѿ˵
˼ǣҰǸû£ս۵ɴ۾ҰıҪãҰӦ׵Ŷԡ
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ģձ˹Ȼ޳ܣսñ˴ֿڡ
ܣģ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮ޷ƲóҰұΪŮֻعҶٴα̬ȡ
лллҶ
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սһŭѧȺݺһ٣յϢˣ
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Ҷͷͬս۵ľ
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ȨǮǲƽĸԴ
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򻯰ġ׻ȭרΪ׻֯쾳֮µĳԱģʽġ׻ȭ磬
սȻԺ츳һ㣬ͨѽ򻯰ġ׻ȭһ򣬵ȡɱȱֻ֮ͬǿ֣޵лʮǧ
ˣսȴȻһ޾壬һݵҶ磬ģƴҲóҰǸù
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ʮֵʱҶսѧѧһҾƵ꣬붫ѧԺѧͷȻһͬǰѧѧѧݡ
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Ҷһ㣬սҲطһ㡣
Уôˣ
սƿţ첽ǰŵĸУʵ
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սŭ˵ٱ̬Ⱥ;ģҲڼӵػӦЩڴѧ
Ϊ֪άѧԺѧͻĵ棬ΪӨֻһϢμѧұҪӮ±гҰ
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壬Ժ󲻻ˡ
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£Ұһ뵽ʲôֶݺݵ˵û´ĻǸɽձ´˸ĵ֣϶Ǹս۵Ļ쵰ںĶ
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쵰ǣ£ֱ
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624 ҿţ
Ϊձõѧ֮һѧѧӲʩһӵаͼݡչݡݺӾڵһӲʩ
ѧ޽ģӦʱ·٣Ȼ㲻ϽʱߵݡλԽԽԺա
ѧλУ԰Ͻ䣬ռһǰһ͵ʽ
ʮֵʱҶս۵ȶѧԺѧŵĳԱͣһͬѧݡ
ѧſڿյģûκζѧѧĴӭӡ
ձûʣΪȻӭǶ
һĻһѧԺѧѧ̲סԹ
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Ļһ䣬ѻȸ
Ϊ˶ףѧ˵ʵ
һ˴νǶѧԺѧУ쵼ȡģѧѧУӦΪ˫ͬһΣǿڻĽDestroyΪ֮ס
ߣѧУѧԺѧʧܸգԷŰ˸10:0νǶ˵˼㡣
ΪսۺͳҰڻִ˫ìܣѧѧУ쵼µﳯּ壬䶫ѧԺѧţô˴νʽûκ塣
ѧſÿյݵĻѧνΪѧݳ˸ѧԺѧλ֮⣬ϯвѧվȺͺŵĿλϣȴѧĿʼ
ŶѧԺѧŵĵԭֵѧݱð˶ĿͶҶˡ
٣û뵽ǻĻ
ǰΪѧ֮󣬻ѧֱӽ˴νġ
֪ҪͳҰѧѧδձ֮ǰ볯Ұϴˮսִձֱڻ볯Ұִ£սܣǰѧҪˣ
Ļ˰ΪƾͿԸıô̫ˣͬϸһһս֧Ԯͱˣ
ûΪͨDestroyĿԳΪȫˣųĻԶ磡Ļģͺʮ͡ʮһֻһֻˣҪˣ

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𶫾ѧѧѧǵĳЦһųҪ˵ս۵ȶѧԺѧѧʮջٺͼŶʦɫҲʮѿ
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ݵİѧٴźԶѧѧѧֱӳضԶѧԺѧĽ衣
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ҰԣЦһ㣬޼ɵشЦЦ֮г˳ӡ
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ĺӣȻҺԸҾûĹҸɽձֲ仰һЩ
̨֮ϣҰȻؿսۣЦձǻģȰʵһ㣬ò˶ãȥŮ
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625 ޳
Ҷ˽ѧ֮󣬶ѧѧѧ㲻ϵؽ趫ѧԺģ˿̣ҰǵڽŮӨǿһûκεĻ⣬һ޿֡
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635 
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636 ҶһŭѪ岽
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һ죬Դ̵Դͬѹһ㱬ѣ̵Ѫش䣬ɿս۵Ĳʹ˱

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650 Ʒձ磡 ʮһ
ҶǱԴׯ԰Ƶ󷨣ϴپʯ⣬˴Դȼǿߡ
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С㣬Һܺ棬ǴõϢޱطʡ

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·Ϊ˻ӦƵģϷ򴫳ˬʵЦ
ܵսǹһԭأɢžǿߵϢЦţǽһ⡣
չضգһ̤žΪǿߣӵſʱܲ
СսȻûʧ
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Σ˭ţעҪȫ磡
սһҲǫ飬ǴԲѵ˵Űɣүүȵ׵ǱһЩ˵ǵ趼ʶ

Ȼϰ˱Դ޵ɣԪȻеһ̾˿ҪԶţȻسɹˣǾһˣü档
棿սһѿʵүүȥ棿
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Ԫ˵ս쳤̾ǽһˣаǿߵķ緶ֱһĶȡ

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660 紵սޣ 
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Уӡжɣʵ֮ƫͣȷǿһЩʵȴ
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661 Ҷ 
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͵ЩμȫҡɴţΪҶʦͽʱҶʦͽǿƵǳ
УͷǿϢķҶǽ̤󣬰Уڶᣬǿޱȡ

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ΪǸǣҶղչֳѧսǻϳԻһ³ֱӱҶɱ
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ڶŵۣԺЩҡɵĴ̲סĿͶ޶ԣȻһĮȻı顣
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ҶȻս̸δز¸󣬱ڶһ
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̫ǿˣ
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ԴˣҶû˵ʲôսʱ𣬶ǰڵԺȥ
Ϊ֯գ˳棬ϽսҶΪˣȻԾԾԣ뿴Ҷжǿֻѹǹɳ嶯
֮⣬Щţ˴֮Ҳûнд衣
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Ϧɽͷʱ򣬳СʱЭ̻Ļ׵˵֯׷뿪ص˴ڵסء
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ŵӵʱЩҡɵĴȺԺһμӻ顣
Ψһ⡣

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ųһǿߵĵҲ⡣
ΪҲұ֤һսʤ·˹ˣ
֪һԲ˵һսɣǳ
㻹ϵ۱ܹȥɡ˹ЦǸоҶһˡ
Ǻǡ
·δ˵ʲôֻϷŰһЦǸо·Ц
ԭһ棬а֮ͽʲôսλأԭ
ȥ̸ս𣿣
·˵ĻЩ֮ǰҶĻòţȻ򣬾һĵؿҶ
ԴˣҶٷϻջΣվ
֪ѿ֮壬һжʵ˵
Ϊǵһȫᣬܶ࣬ȫʿˡʯԴֺƵȵ⡣
УƵ⣬Ǳδص֮һ
ΪȫԪߵٶȿˡʵˣҲȻ
ĿǰȫΧڣѷ޹¼ȫĸ߶ӡ
δҶʦͽѪϴϴձһ£ҲǴһˣ档
Ϊٿ˻ǰͷᣬܶѴɹʶչʮ˳൱߹ٽʱ򣬱㿪ʼһۡ
аʣͽܽ᳡
÷ŵĳٴγ֣ڶ˵Ȼдһ֣ûƣ̬ȸ䵭
δԷһۣҶڶŵעУ
Ժһռаôܷʥĸо
ڣ֯ˣڷǰɡҵĴǵ棬ԡ
ৣ
Ҷ˶ĿͶˡ
У̨ڶҡɵĴһꡣ
ǿȻڷһ磬Ϊ֪޷ȫǿߣѹѡ
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а̾˿
֪ڷһ磬ΪȫǿִѹΪΪѣ
Ҳ֪ԼλѣѹûܹڻϵõƽĽ
ַֻʽǰЩ׻֧֯ʦͽ˵Ķ飡
֮ʱ֮ʱ
һȭ򷨣
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669 ڶ
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ϣάٸӰס
ӣܹڷһѾǼˣ˿ۿϣάף㻹㵱ȫ첻ɣǸӣ̤һ
аʣʲô˼ѲΪԼʵǿʿôۿϣάڣؿˡ
⹷ӵò
һȻϻ˵аɣȽˣҪսǽսʹ죡
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ĻܵǿƣЩԭΪѹѡɡҴ׷׵һֻñڴϻġ
ϯ̨ϣϣά˵ɫЩѿ
ǣˡ֯ҲüͷƺΪΪ
а̾˿
һжͬԤϵһѾ׻֯ӣ˿Ĳ౻Ĺˣ¶ʵһ档
ϣά˿̸ҽԲٷϻֱӿ
ϣάƺҲʶһ㡣
Ȼʮջ𣬵δԣо˸תƻ棬ձԴԴϳһС

ϣάĻ£ЩҡɵĴвԼͬظϣάۡ
ǿϣάֱӺԣ³ɡ
֮ϣάѸתƻ⣬ƶõİŽУֳԼؽ󣬶Գʵǿӹأռʧȥ壬վȫĶ棬Ӷٳ˼Կľ档
ȻҲһ㣬֪ˣ޷ı桪Ӻ磬ں
ˣҲڸղűֵôǿˣ
ԴǴԴžǿߡ
գҶƾڻɱձߴ󶥼ǿ֮󣬺ɨԴ壬ϳ˴ԴгԱΪ
ԴϱܣҶ׷ϣͼ޼£ֱӱҶҶɵУ鵤;ӣһΪȫϡ
Դ󣬲δϯ̨һԹضҶǸо˳ˣ޲ǰҶ
Դϵĺ⣬Ҷһ޶ԣֻŵλϡ
գа֮ͽѪϴ˳ּ壬Ȼ쳯ּ֯ձֲƴļ󡣡
ܿ죬˵עУԴϵϯ̨̨ЩҡɵĴߵ˵֮ձӲ鵽࣬Ҫץа֮ͽֱڶɱձӵԱֶμ̣
Ǻǡ
ۿԴϵߵǷǣҶδǼһЦ
ৣ
ҶһЦ˵Ŀ⣬ЩҡɵĴ̾ʦͽҶȫ̳磡
㡭ħ㾹ȻЦóѵΪʦ޷ô
ϯ̨ϣԴò˹ȥָҶŭΪ˶ش۵ģ
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ˣ٣Ÿտʼһһһ˵Уȫ֪ǶôѪȡ̣Դŭ˵
Դϣֻ˵յʵɣжСһ
ϣά˴ԴϵĻʵѴԴϣҶԡ
Դԣҧгݵ˵а֮ͽڶɱձӳԱ֮ձɳԱ׷ձֱӱɱֱձӳϴԴ׺ǰͬʱֹ֣ķɱ
ǡûоʹ֣ǵڴݻ˾磬ձӢ꣡
Ϊ˽ץձӡ;֣Աʵʩץһʱ֮ͻȻڴԴׯ԰ʱֱӴԴľʯ⣬Ҫϴپʯ⣬󷨣Դ峤ڣߴձĶǿ߷֣
ߴǿߵһʱֳڰеĻаʳֻɱ
˵ԴϴıӵıˣӶﵽԼĿģߴǿ󣬻а䣬аʵͽܣǷԴԴ֣˴ԴгԱĵϳǵΪϴ˴Դľʯ⣡
֮󣬻а֮ͽձܹѹֱӺɨձʮҪҡɣϳ˵Ϊеľʯϴһգ
һкûֱ֣ɱձܲһȭձӵӣϳڳձӳԱΪ
аʦͽ˵ΪѾòˣǼֱħ
˵󣬴ԴǷŭغǳͷȫ綼ҪǵĶ֣
£ԴϵĺŨԵø⼤
ৣ
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ҡɵĴĿûŭ⡣
ȻǲŴԴϵƬ֮ʣ
ʿҶ
ʱϯ̨ϣϣάͻȻˣ編һ㡣
ƾһ˵ĻܶĻȫ˶ˣҶЦӦ
ħʲôƾҵĻĲоձʿ֤Դŭ
Ҷ˵һµյɡ
׿ˣóŴԴϵĳϣϣάҶʦͽȫĿѾﵽҶڳĻˡ
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Ϊ֪Լα⣬޷õĽҶ÷ϻֻ˵ؼ㣬һҶԳּ֮ǰּĳҰ̫һȻΥд轻򣬶һ߳֡ңּĳҰһͬǿһŮձӹȻӣûи賯Ұκγͷ
ڶҳֻɱ֯ձֲԱΪɱҡߣ֯ʲôʵ֯ĴﶼǵµأҪڻĴɱ䣬ʦˡ
ڻɱձӳԱ̫ȥŮĹǻڵϣҪǿд޹ĻˣҳֹһˣֱӶҽй
ģҴݻձ磬Ϊǳսֻһձǳս֮зµУ
壬Һɨձ磬ϴձʮҡɵľʯΪձ粼޵Ҫ׽ңǿжȡϵķ͹
٣СӣѰʦб㣬˭ķ͹ϴձľʯƱ磡ϯ̨ϣŷ֯˿ŭȵ
ǺǣʦڳҿܱԴ׺ձǰ׷ɱĴӴôҶЦӦ
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Цʦһ䣬ҪɱЩˣҲڰǻɱҶ
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ƾʵҲɱձǿߣ㵱Ƕǰ׳ô
ȻԻɱձǿߣؿһսҪһʵ
Сӣµ񣬽ƱûõģΪаʿѣ
ҪܳͷĲ㣬лаʣ
ϣάĻ£̨ЩҡɵĴ׷׿ˣ൱ơ
գܹɱձǿߣΪҵõһķǼѾٵˣҲ㳢һ£
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ϯ̨ϣϷŰЦݣǸо·Цһ㡣
СӣȻ˵ǹķ˵˵Ƿʲôʲô
ϣάգԼ̨¾󲿷ҡɵĴҲһϷŰЦݡ
ȻǶҶ˵
һĻװü
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ʵҲף֤ʵҲԲš
ϾҶΪȫΥ֪ڹ磬Ҳûļǿز
аʣʲôҪ˵
ϣάٴοˣٸҶĻˣֱҪŭ
µǿƣԻ𹫷ߣ
ձ˵ûκ֤ܹ֤аʲ£ԣ֪ϣάն⣬ڣ㿪ڵ
ף鷢֮׻֯ǵع򣬳ͷаʦͽˣһֱʦͽˡ
Цµ֤ȷ䣬㻹Ϊаʿѣ׻֯ʲô˼ѵҪȻƻô
֤ȷ䣿ٿ۴ñӣսסˣʵʲô֤ݣֲ֤ˣ
ȻѾˣ˵һҶԴµĴ
ϯ̨ϣϣάһοˣֱֹֹۣ⣬Ҷʦͽ˶




670 ΨһĽ㣡
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֤ݲ㣬ڻаǷ֮£Ҳۡ
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ȻϣάĻжӿһɻ
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а֮ͽΪΥĹ涨ʼΪӣҸ˽鴦
ϣάٴοˣڳһЩҲˡ

֪ϣάҶ·ϣάԴǵҪôҶֳһɧ
ɲǼ䡣
˶ĿͶ뿴ķӦ
Ȼһ̣˶µϣά⡪ҶӶŭԼվȫĶȥ
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Ҳ˵ձ̫֣Ҷ˹ػ磬ҶΪձ粼޵Ҫ׷ǿжȡķ͹ŭ֮󣬲ϴձľʯ⡣
⣬꣬Destroyʷĺƽ٣ҶʦͽƵֿҩ룬ʵǿһЩߣܹȥ
ڴˣҽҶᴦ
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һڣҲ˵Ŀ΢΢
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Ӧһοˣ͵վĿ⻷ܣࡣ
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һ棬֪DestroyĿ£ҲᱻΪʷĺƽˣ
ΪҪǣ֪꣬µȺֿDestroyҩDestroyٶ๹в
ȴ˵DestroyΣδʧܲľ
꣬ͳµƳҩֻʱDestroyߣδDestroyDestroyǱ֮󣬻죬ʱһָΪµĲ
׽ҿյףͷһһ죬ȫѣ
ףŻ𣿡
ףҪΪ˵Ļ𡪡۽ȫΧֻţ
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ұ֤˵һжģ꣬꣬Destroy˼䣡
˵ֱԣʱ˵һûг֣ҽԷΪڳ˶֤

ֳٴηˣ
˵ղû˵һУôʱ˿̣ȫǿߵݣԼΪע֮˶ˡ
ϣάڣ˶ΪײѨ磬ҲΪ˱סҶԼΪעԣ
ף㵽˵ʲô
𾪹ϣάͻȻЩѿʵ
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ȻҶҪΪδľǾûٸҪҶ
DestroyĻٴΣ˼䣬Ҳţҩа֮ͽУ
ҩӦǻаƳģ׹⽫а֮ͽͷϣĿΪ˾Ȼа֮ͽ
󲿷˶Destroy֣ҶǵľͬҲDestroyҩҶ֮֡
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ףвôҪνҩ룬а֮ͽ
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ԭΪ׸ûа취Ҷʦͽ̣˿̣䣬һֱڴĸо
ûвκˣͬҲûԴҶֻڲһʵӦ
Ȼˣҽ飬ûаʦͽ˽ҩ˹ԤDestroyٴα׼ٴƽ٣
֯ˡտˣһȱΪ̬ʵȴǰɱҶʧȥҩٴҶ̣

ȻյĻŭЦЦ쳹
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ڶݵĳĬͻȻߵ㲻Ҫóµ˵¡Ҫ֪̳ͽܡң˼ʦͽ֮飬ôܷ飿
ৣ
ʵж˻Ӧ
ķ֮УֶȻһӣһƳء
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촫δκηӦƱӣһ½Ļâ÷顣
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һ棬û뵽Ȼǿƣ˵ֱӳ֣ΪҪǣչֳʵǾˣ
顪
˴Ӿлع񣬽صӺݺݵײһϣֱӽײķѣڵأɫ԰ֽ΢΢鴤һڵϣȫʧȥս
ҪΪӲҶ㣿ٷϻھȥѽˣ
ɨ˽һۣȻ½ĿͶϣάˣ봦ͽս˵һϣ

ޱǿƵ֮ǰϽĿգǰƿȫֵϣάĬˡ
У˶չֳսŵˡغǵʵֲ٣ȴһƴУӦսϣά֣Ҳұ֤ܹ
ϣάǲͬչֳսˣȴûŵûгӦսֻڵȣȳµԼ
һ̡
ȵˡ
ʦ˼Һô磡
һϷŰ
䣬֣
µЯ׻ƶ




672 򣬽չս
쭣ķʱ򣬳µˣһ׻ƶ
׻ƶպķڹʹ
У׻ƶΪʷصķƵҩһǺķˡ
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䣬ƾӵмƷ߼лᦡħ졣
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687 ɱΣķ
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ϢһȫȻ󲨣Ƿ׷ǿͬʱҲĺչ档
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ҲΪһαˣš桯ģҪʵҰģͳȫ硣
ûϣάˣµĿǰȫֻ׺ĻаǶսû˿Կǡ

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׻֯Ӧ˸аʣǿƵþһıƣ
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룬ǻֹĴҲһֹĴˣƲֻûгѣǶĻײܵóѣ

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ǽСӻɱˣػаʻ

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شα쳣ɱȻ˻еɱͽգְѷɱˡҪ


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һɫۣϥԱߣƣȻڤ֮С
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֮󣬲δྩȥܰˣͽԽɽ۾ɢģ
ڹȥʮҶδڳžϸɷ졯ء
ΪԴɣѧΪͻư벽ѧսȫڷɵɱ
һΣܹɷ졯أսһ¥
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ȻɽɵɪйڣҶɽŲԲԲڳµѪϴʱڶ߳ˣҶı˶ԲԲӡ
һȫᣬԲȫվߣҶγͦԲԲĲɢʶŶȥݷá
á
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νսˣȫǿɵˡս˳Ӧ޶в
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Ҷ̤֣ྩǵϿգӸ߿ոУ겻ѡ
һθྩǣμᣬҶ䳰ȷ֮Ҷңǰδе裬㱻˳ȥ
һ죬ûǰ뿪ǴҶңձҶ̫үĥʯĥҶӵܣػҶĵҶһΪѵԼͬĸĵܵҶһ١
֮⣬Щν塢ù˺ƤһһεسǰƣΪĸ׵ܵίֻع
ٺҶ̫үǰӣΪҶҾҶΪѵʱ̣ƾһ֮Ҷ̫үɹش׼ңøҶ껳ΪΨһĽӰѡ
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Ϊʲôս⡣
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Ҷ۾ɱէ֣һǵĥʯɱ˲Ϊֹ




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ҺܾûиѾˣൢһ졣Ҷʵص
鱨ʾ˴ޱҹģСܶ࣬һʱҲɱɾԣȥһ޷
˵ţһתʣϵңǵ˶Ը㣬ǵ֯ʵʩ߱ŵˣȥ
޾һ棬ҲžΧɱңɾ֣߳ҵĻ۷徳ǿߣҶʵʵ˵
˾Բ۷徳ǿߣɳɾǿߵĿҲС
һֺܿ϶˵֯ҼȻȥȻ׼ġ
˼ǣҶһȴֲҿ϶
ΰ֮УԣĥҲǳ䵱ն׿żɽ
߳֯αҶʵ
š
׸һܿ϶Ĵ𸴣µһСĵˣΨα֪ľص㡣ܹαұ˳ϣͨα֪µصĲص㣬һٻɱµأ

ҶԼжϳ׵ļƻ׿˵Ǿԭء
Ȼ֪ԻɱµأΪʦŻޱҿʼƵΪĴֿǣҾȰεµŶЭȫԿޣٴοڵ
ġ
ͬ˵ҶȷֻɱµأҲ֪׵ģҲû顣
ȻǰޣҪ㣬۷徳ǿ֣߳⵽ɾΧҲ㣡
ɫ⣬ȷα֯۷徳ǿֺ߲󣬻һ뿪ޣĥ㣡
ֻҪû۷徳ǿߵвûʲôµġ
Ҷԣ׷սⰻȻ




691 ˣ
޴½Ĵޣλ̫ƽϲϲĳϱС޺ϼ֮䣬ӡ󣬶̫ƽ󣬲ϱңңԡ
ʱΪĴǡ¼ǡǡܿǺͲɡ
ʱ޴½Ϊ˵һ˹Ͻ
Ҷϵĵ磬߶󣬴˰޴½Ĵǵı
ޱұʼڴˣ
ֲޱңԪŨҪһЩ
Ҷ̤֣ظܵԪʮŨͬʱҲܸӦ·޵Ϣ
ţԪȷʵŨȥɡ
ã
Ҷ˵ͷ£·Ĳԭ
ܿ죬ҶأȻǰֻ
ֻͷԱͨĴëɫ¶׹⣬ǰǰȵĿɰǸһΣյĸо
û뵽Ĵ󶼱ˡ
ֻһۣҶ㿴ǰĴ󶼱ˡ
ಣಣಣಣ
ҶĻ£ֻҶˣ׷׵ضԾʮףٳ
⼸ֻʵ
Ҷ󣬽׻ƶ͵һӦֻ

Ҷ磬׼ǰֻصʱλãȭգһȭ
һȭҶûжֻûж似ˣԲ߶δؽӵˡ
顪
һ죬ֻҶһȭͷѪĽԴըѣȻأ׶ϾϢ
ֻ󣬼Ҷǿ֮󣬷׷׹ֽһתӡ
ǶǻۣͨԪǿ˲٣ܹӦΣ
ܣ
Ҷ״һһΣӰ棬׷
飡
飡
飡
촫ʣֻǱҶ׷һȭ򱬣Ȼء
ֻ˱ǿ˲٣ʵ۷徳ˣҪ˵ͨ޷мܣǳһ;ߣҲֻ·һ
ݣ
£Ҷһ߶ҶɵɳͲһƴﴦȻһӡ
ӴԼСĴָ׸ô󣬳ɫ˸Źâɢ΢
Ǵ޺ˣ൱ߵľӣ޵ľԴȪ
ಣ
Ҷһ߶ǿɫϣȾѪȻ𣬶ҶС
޵޺ˣȻԴ澫ʯҪߵޡ
Ҷ޺У̽飬̺ľޣպ󣬲ֻͬСľʯٷ֮һЧ
ֻΧĻӦÿʵޣͷ൱
Զ˵ԭľͷɽɽдֲδƻԭʼɭ֡
׻֯ṩϢޱҵԴͷԭʼɭ֡
߰ɣֱǰԭʼɭ֣ȥսϡ
Ҷ˵ţȺȡʣֻ޺ˣȡеľ
һУֱͣӴ߶ٷԶԭʼɭ֡
Ϊ˲ע⣬ҶɵúܸߣڲϢ
УҶָͨͨϢط
Ȼ޷ڲϢһƣǲƲ֮У޷֡
ҲȺɽ÷ʥأûб˷ֵԵʡ
ԼĪʮӺҶӥʳһ㣬£ԭʼɭ֮С
ǰвߣ쾳֮µġ
֮ҶͷܿӦǰʮϢǺ쾳ߣǿ֮ǰ벽쾳
ǵϢڼƶҲɭǳΧӦ鷳˰ɣͬͷӦ̲סʵ
ߣȥ
ҶҲΣǰȥһ
ಣ
ಣ
£Ҷһ磬ٳǰȥ
Ƭ֮Ҷһߡ
˽ۣĿߴһѸͷԭϳſ־壬ʲôֲĶ޲ó̵þٿ񱼡
£ǰʲôΪʲôôţҶʵõӢ
ⰲ£ִй񣬶԰ӢڵҪԲİֻǺá
Ҳձ֮ûϰԭ
죬ܣ
𷢴ûлشҶ⣬ǴҶ˿뿪
ڿڵͬʱ²ͣٶȲֱ˲
ܿ죬˸ߣǿҶվǴˣӣ
䣿
Ȼ֣Ҷһ
Щ߼Ҷɵһ㣬ΪȫδͣŲһĵߣٴκʵȻֻ൱ļսʿ࣬ɱ꣬һҧػڣΪ¡ǲͿӣ
ˡ
ߵĻ£һܼԶصĴһͷƤĸо
һ̡
Щ߿еĶ֣ǵأһۿͷƼΪƵ
УСֻдĴָ׸ô󣬴һмСľȻȭͷô
Щƺǣרľ֮Уδƻɭ֡
ˣ
Щ֮УмΪ棬ͷҶȻɵվжϡ
ৣ
Ҷüͷһһӣһһ˳һ㣬ŷĶȺϯȥ
žžž
ըѵ֮ȫΪգж˲仯Ϊĩ
֮⣬ǱеľҲǻһľм衣
ৣ
ҲδţֻƣĳһƣݻһƣһǽƵģѹ֮ƣһĶѹƾˡ

Ҷ󷽣ЩԭΪ˱ߣһĻ÷׷ͣ˽Ų
ǿԴ
Ǻпսǿߣ˵е𣡡
оˣ
ݵ֮ߣǴ˼Ѫһ㣬໴
ǵĺһЩܵߣҲǷ׷ͣ½ŲתȻҶˣ·һȭһƣɵؽɱŶ䡣
δ似ÿһγֶƺƵɱһƬ䣬мֻȭͷôĶ䣬Ҳ޷ֵ˵Ĺ
֮䣬ȺһϣЩܵţͷطɡ
һĻҶ˵Ҳû׷
ͬʱЩ֮ǰܵߣһ縺أһۣһͬҶ
ллǳ־ǣ
ȵִŴ󸫵Ľ𷢴󺺣֮ʵǿģѾ˰벽쾳
Ҳ֮ǰӵԭ
ɱÿһߵΡ
Ҷ˰֣ʾⲻؿȻЩɻʵĸ˵ߣ
ҶɻȻ
Ҷ֪Ϣ˴ǰμնɱжģǸ˵š
Ȼиߵ֣֮Բ֮ϵʵǰЩߣžδͻơ
ǰ޴½ߡ
𷢴󺺿ڻشޱҺϮǵĴׯɱ˺ܶˣȻʵǿҲ뾡һΧɱޣȴû뵽˿µĶȺ
ԭ
ҶԣȻ
ǵĳͷڶߣӦԻİɣһ԰Сʵ
ǵģԻġҶͷ
ʣλȫȫһĻ𣿡
һ۵ŮЩʵ
Ҷֻˡ
ҲˣŮĻ׷׺ؿҶˣ˵Ĵ𸴡
Ҿǡ
ҶڻӦ˿й¶Լ޴½Ϣ
Ϊ
Ϊսɱ




692 Ψս

ҶĻظҶǵģʮ޴½Ƕʱˡ
ȻղżʶҶǿ󣬵ѹûҶǴĻ
֮࣬Ǽ֮ǰΪҶɵİޱߣһ࣬Ǹо޲Ҹȥ
һֱ˵һ޵ţ޾κһսһȻǣ
𾪹ŸͷĽ𷢴󺺣δӣԵ͡
޴½˹Ͻʱ䲻޴½ԼǶ˼ûйУȻҶƷձ硢ϣά顣
οҶղž
ܡܸ˼
𷢱۵ŮǿԼżƵģһɬؿҶĿ֮˸žϲ뼤
ʵȺʶˣʵ
һޱ߿ˣҶûлشԥһ£˵»СһЩΪá
ûȻʵǿ޾һκˣǱΧĻʮΣա
һҪԸ²˵˻˲һ޴½רǰɱ¡
һʱ䣬ޱ߷׷׿ڣҶСΪ
ллǵѡ
ҶлȻʵˣô֪ЩģѵǼһߣ
£Ȼûмһ̸֣Щ顣
𷢱۵ŮҶʻæصң˵һλΪ˽𣬱˵׷ɱ
ʲʲô
Ҷԣɫһ䣡
£Ҳ֪λѺսһǹʽ

Ҷϣ֮гŽ
쿪ʼϵսˡ
սսвСĻٵͨѶȫûսᱻһ׷ɱ
ھʮĵطʱ˹׷ɱѪɭˣ֮ǰޱٴ˵
ৣ
Ҷԣͣһס߶ڿն𣬼ٷԶ
󡭡¡
ɭ֮У𷢱۵Ů״ѡ
С򣬲ҪˣѾˡһޱ߿Ц
𷢱Ůԣֹͣ˺ȴջĿ⣬Ŀ֮еľϲ뼤Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ʧ䡣
С򣬲Ҫʧ䣬ҲҪģȫˣοҲˣŮѵġ
ǰŮôƯʵһǿ󡪡Ȥģ
㡭Ǳ죡
𷢱Ůԣһɷף󺱼سŭ΢΢¡ĻȥΪջ
˼״ҲȡЦ𷢱Ů
һУҶ֪顣
˿̵Ѿʧ˵߷Χ
֮УҶԭƽϳŭ⣬ɢɱ⣬Ŀ絶һɨ·ɭ֣ͬʱͷӦΧһС
һʱҵսս⵽⣡
սʵ㱻˹׷ɱӦÿҶŭɱ⣬ڰ
Ȼ˵üĿ֮Ҳ¶ŵǡ
˵սѾͻž㲻˹Ķ֣Ҫִߣϣģ
֮ǰЩޱ˵սǱ˹һ׷ɱǱһż׷ɱ
һ£սϣС
սʲộҪ޴½еһᣡ
ҶڻӦ𽥻ָƽɱʤ޲ҵս˹Ϊ׵һ

ԭʼɭһϿ
սȫϢŨܵĲݴ֮УͷظӦΧһС
Ӧ֮£ط֣Ͽ˷ʮϢӿ
Դˣս֪׷ɱԼһ׷ˡ
ûѡߡ
ΪڵѾʣ޼ˣ֧ٴͻΧһΧɱ
û
ٴͻΧ
ڹȥһʱμѴһŵΧͻΧ
ΪˣشеľʯģѾɽˮĵزˡ
ȻӲˣǾƴһսɣҲҪϼ汳ģ
սջͳ£˹߷ҩȻͳһĲľ£ġ
Ϊ֪ôܣҲı䲻˱Χ˵ˣսԲˣ׼Լָ״̬ƴһս
٣Ǹ׳գΪϢǰϿͿԶǵ׷ɱô
ϿȲԶһɽϣһĿĺ꣬һ̵ķһЦضսĵط
Ǻ洫ķ۹ǷԶΪ⣬һر𺱼ԡϢ
ֻҪ߶˵ϢֻҪӽˣ̱תָָ˵Ĳص㣬ν׷ɱ
ΪԣԡԼԺԲƵķƷʴﵽмۼֵԶһм
ս޷һ׷ɱΪ
аɱҸףа֮ͽңҳ綼Ҫ
Աߣ˹һЦڣǰǸ쵰Ȼ󽫻а֮ͽ޴½ӶռƻһֽǸɱ
£˹ض𣬽̤һôĶˡ
ꡪ
촫ˮͰֵĴȻѡ
˹һԾ˲ӳȥʮףٶȿ硣
ڷ״Ҳ編ƣ̤һÿôշǰϿȡ
вſһĻ׷ʶʲôҲѧ˵ӣٳϿȡ
֮⣬ϿǣҲ˷ܵسϿȡ
ϿȵĲݴ֮УսظӦһУûκαʾ
Ȼ˫ۣŲľ̺֮ԪΪһս׼
Ƭ֮˹ͺȽϿȣսݴ԰֮⡣
飬Լأǰ㾾
˹ȻһϷŰضսĲݡ
ûлӦսһĶãһ߽߾ܵŲľ֮еԪģһ߷ش߻ˣָơ
ΪԣָܹһЩܹಹһЩսø־һЩϣ߼Ÿȥ
΢ĳӣ֪޷ߣһսԲϧѡװɵʱָƺô
͵̲סҪֵʱ˹ϷŰЦʱ䣬Ҹʱ䡪ţҪ˵۸㣬һ㳹׻ָƺ·

˹ȻĻЩϵǷ׷ϷŰشЦ
Ҷ㻹ôô
ݴ֮У̤ս͵˫ۣŭһ
ŭȻֱͦȾѪĴꪣɱڵ߳ݴԡ
һ̡
˾·Ψս




693 
ս֪޷һΧˣϵľʯһ⣬֮£ֻѡƴһսͼ汳ġ
ԭսǴ㾡ܵػָơĵ˹ʢ˵̬׼ŭֱȾѪĴ߳ݴԣӭս
Ҷ˭
һỪĺ췢꣬սսⰻȻ߳սղŵĻ̲סʵ
еҶӦǸ𡣡
һ꿪ڻصμȫһᣬ֤ҶķɣҲ֪Ҷսϵá
ꡭСı˹˲ˡųѡ
ৣ
ЩϵǣԼͬؽĿͶ˹Ȼ˹ıˡ
ҲҲϷʵЦݣеֻŭ⣡
ΪսϣάĶӣ̳ϣά²Сչֳ˾˵츳Ϊ
ݣߵأŶΪ
ݣͬ㹻ĵ԰һһΪ˺ųһһŵĵ֮⣬ûĸűǿ
Ȼ
һ죬ҶһƳһڶ֮ΪҶʶûҵһʱսҶ
Ҷǿƴ򱬳·֮ΪҶչֳսеԾͬʱҶΪɵ
ǷݼɵҶһս֮ʱȫޣѡˣͷڹ꣬һս
Ҷһ֣ң
⡭ĳ裡
սŵ棬Ҷѹ˿ڱεĸоŭȼգ
ҵϣǸڰ޴½֣ϧǣ
˹ŭȼգȴûеһʱ䶯ŭ֣ԼʵЦѡ
Ȼڶǰӣ
˵ñȳû
սЦҶˣ;ԱȴŮ˫ȼеûֱӼβߣ
ǺǡǸŻңӶҲɱ㣿
˹һЦˣЦúɭ΢ĳӣ̫ˣ죬ˣõĽǸȥ㣡
ڴˣбȡ
սԣսⱬɱȻڳһʱҪֵ̬
Ǻǡ֮ǰɥ֮Ȯһܣҵˡ
˹һոͻƳս񾳶ѣĲһֻ־

սŭһ㣬һŴսɱĽΪΪˣдȫ̳
̣
Ҫƴһս˹̬׼ŭսһֱ洫ɱС̡

Ǽ䣬սڵӿ洫ꪣһâݻһ˴ꪣ˸ŹâɢſµȻ˹
ৣ
ܵսһ˹Щţ׷ױɫ
Ǹǣǵʵֵסһ
˹طĺ꣬Ҳͫ׶Ȼ»ζ
ߣ
˹δһ˫ֿٻ裬˲ݻһɫĴš
ս֮ţ
˹ϣµءšдķСս֮šֵսǿɱУ
ìԶܣ
ʯ𻨼䣬âĴꪣһݲеĹâɫս֮֮С
䣡
һ죬ɫս֮ըѣΪУâҲ֮ʧֲϯķ֮ľΪ
ڣţ׷״߶âֵ
Уʵţɨк󣬻һ𣬻âһ󰵵ɫǲ԰ֽ
ô֮ǿ
սһƵ˹ġս֮šԸܵսһڣڶһľ
ǿô
֮ǰս˵Ǳ׷ɱʵֻ˹֣ûеŵ档
Ϊˣ˹֮⣬֪ս
ǿô
˹üͷҲ΢΢һ
֮ǰս֣սҲС̡ԶԶ˿̣
֪ǣ֮ǰսȻɱУƴֻ̽ʵ
ʱ˿̣սȫ֮⣬һսһ֮£̺սɱ⣬
ಣ
һսսⲻֻ͵һշ𣬼ӵ˹ǰ
ৣ
˵սдٴλӶ̳һ
һ̣δأǲڣֱӴ˹ͷ­

սĽ˹㲻ŭһ
ŭȳսӿȭӣ
˹ֱӺһȭһȵĽɫݻһѽʵʵĽɫХĴꪡ
ս֮
ʶսս֮˹֮ģƱսⱬ丸ϣάдսȭǿɱС
ɱжɱУâ
ﬣ
ײսдꪱݻĽɫ󴸻У˲䱻𿪡
ͬʱɫ󴸰࣬δʧֱսĻâϡ
ۡ
սһ𣬻â˲䰵Ѫɶ
飡
һ죬սײʯϣֲʯϳһѺۣ֩һ㡣
սӦأǰѪȾ죬ɫЩף˥䲻١
һν֣·磬ܴˣˣֱѪ
Ҿ˵ô˹Ķ֣
˵ͻƳս񾳽粻ã˹ͻƳս񾳣һ֮еľ԰˵ʵһ棡
ս轵ЩǷ׷״ս֮ǰһǵлع
˹ɵ
Դ
ͬʱһЩ˹ߵýţǴ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ֱܵС

սԣ˻һǿƣдٴλӳնǼš
һսͻȻ֣δɱУٶȼ죬Ǽһֲ˹ûзѾˡ
ۡ
նһεâһոһ㣬һ½ǼնΣѪɡ

ۿս֮󣬾ȻԼƤӵ»ɱţ˹ױŭֻһŭȣٴδһȭ
ɫȭâ֣׹ǣ϶£ս
սɫһ䣬ӭӣһΣ㡣
䣡
һ죬ɫȭâս֮ǰڵĵطըѿһӣĽ
ۡ
սȻһʱ㣬ȻɫȭâıԵâѣ˱ڵأѪ磬ʧȥս
΢ĳӣ㾹ҵҵɱˣ
һȭشս˹ŭδս
ﬣ
սǿƣѵꪲڽ£ȾѪ˫ͨض˹кβң
˹ɱ
һĻЩţû˸߲ҵػսٴγɱˣ˹ֻɱս
΢ĳӣԭɱ뽫ǸҶ޴½ɹŭңҪ
˹һŭȣ춯أԵħ
˹
Ӧ˹һŭȡ
Ҷ̤󣬴Զٷ




694 һҲӲˣ
ս߾ȫƴ˹ɱʵñ˹شʧȥսΪϵ⣬˹׸
Σʱ̣Ҷ̤󣬴ʱ֣ŭֹ

Ҷһŭͬը죬쳹ʣþòɢ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˹ڣţ׷ȥȻһٳ߸ٶȼ졣
һ̣˹ͻƳս񾳵֮⣬޷ҶӰ

˾Ҷ˹ͻƳս񾳵ţоһɫ䡣
У˹Ϊ
ղţȻսǰòһѹûҶʵ㹻ǿ󣬶Ϊ֪˶Ҷ·˱ɱɳһ޴½ɱҶ
֮⣬Դ޴½֮󣬼ÿʱÿ̶ڹעҶĶ̬δ֪Ҷ޴½Ϣ
һ£͵ҪɱսʱҶսһ㣬ƾճ֡
⡭ľ֪
˹ղŲǽͦҶˣٽһ
ҶŭȣӦҶϤϢҶģӰսûֻûѪҺȼգ̲ס˻
ӳӣ˿ؿǲѪҲؿŲ԰ֽܿˡѪֹӡ
Ȼ
ˣȴЦˣ
һ̣ЦüΪҲЦᣬǷһ㡣
ûз衣
ֻǼж
Ϊֵˣ

Ȼս˹عԥҧһȭս
ҪҶս
Ϊ֪Ҷһŭܣһǰ治˵һ᳹ηҶӰħԽΪΪ
ܹҶɱսԱһУվҶһսӰܵڳҶ⣬ϴˢյĳ裬һ֮
ң
ۿ˹֣Ҷŭһٶȷӵ£ͬʱַһ˦ֱӽųһ׻ƶ˦

˹һȭɫӿһɫȭâɢſµХźս
Ҷӣұ𣡡
Σ٣սûжܣҲû¶˿Ŀ־壬ϵĺЦݶٰ֣
һŵעУץŲĴꪣֱͦԼļͷżٸҶ
䣡
սĺһû
ǧһ֮ʣ׻ƶٷɵսǰ󷨴߶â˸һܣɫȭâС
׻ƶ˿âδ
ɫȭâըѣδս㱻׻ƶĹâ𿪡
~
ҶһٶȲֱӵϿϿա

ͬʱ˹ڣţ׻ƶǿˣһòᡣ
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֮࣬˹ᶦһĻպ«ưȻǰ壬ֻӳһץ׻ƶ
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ͬʱڣǼս񾳵ţƲҲ׷롣
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£Ҷ˫ַɿػ裬һһӵӡ
ҶӡϿϿյԪһ𶯣󳹵ңӿ׻ƶ
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Ϊֹ˹ߣҶǿ׻ƶΪۣԻ
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󷨴߶˹ڣڶţ˵ط֣ϿȵľΪ֮һ䣬ܵɽͻľͳͳȡ֮һͷĸڣؼŲϢ
˹ڣûܹ󷨴߶֮ǰߣ
ô£
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Щǣ˾ԭأޱȵؿܣܾС¹һ㣬Ĵײȴ޷ߣԹ𲻵Ч
֮еԻӰ˵񣬵³ֻ󡣡
ΪսϣάĶӡһ˹ʵףҼʶ㣬һ±֪ô£´ţȫ߶ѪᶨƳ󷨣
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Щż״ȺӾ֮˹˵߶Ѫ
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ܿס㲻Ҫңӣ
սȻ˼أѪֹΪܣ˿Լƣ˹ߡ
ģһʱƲ󷨣ȸˡ
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תĹУ֮ϵذ룬ֱӿսѵľͽǡ
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ģڣû
ͷӦʮš
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ϾѾɵżֻҪԸ⣬ʱͻɾ
οҶ֣ضն˹
û˹˸޷в

ʱ˹ͷѪ׻һγһѪɢϿϿյĺɫâɹƳ󷨡
Ƴ˹ڣǰľָ
ΪƵ󷨾Ϳߣ
һ̣˹ٴ룬Ҷ̤󣬰Уˣһһ죬ûҵһҲӲˣ




695 Ҷ֮
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쵰浱ֽģһ˿Ժɨˣ
жҶʮּɵ˹ʱ򲻵òվ
һΪǰϣ뼤ŵŭ⣬ǳ䵱ڻҳΧҶΪԼȡߵĻᡣ
ò˵ΪսϣάĶӡ˹ʵף̼ߣ̵ʱڣȷľ
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һȭ˹ȻδáսȭɱСս֮Ҳʮ㡣
žžž
һɫȭâ֣¶ϣٳҶ֮ըѣƾˡ
ৣ
µҶӦ˹֣˲סΣһӰ
һ̣ɫȭâХһ½ҶµĲӰû˵Ҷһë
ΪʶҶٶȣ˹ûһȭܹҶֻΪ˼Ҷٶȡ
һȭ֮ˣһЩŵٶȼ졣
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˹˵ͬʱǷ׷׳֣Ҷ
ৣ
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Ҷһ㲻һ߶׻ƶǰ󷨴߶ڹ˸
~
գۼɨ׻ƶֱӻΪУҽ֮ϣ˲䱻

ţһݻĸͷХ׻ƶ
һսŵĹӵһмͷ洫ĸԹǿƣʵֻ˹ͺꡣ
飡
һ׻ƶȻδ׻ƶֻ֣׻ƶĺɫâ΢һЩ
䣡
ʱʣЩŵĹˣнâеâȭâ廨ţһͬ㡣
ΪʵޣǴƷʲߣݻĶģ壬ȫ޷˹øͷᲢۣ
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ˣʮһͬÿݡ
䣡
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׻˵ԩͷծҶԭֻսֵţ˿̱ڶΧʱŭˡ
ৣ
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ѪţŵԴըѣʬȻء

ͻһĻ·Щţһʱ˹ʶؽĿͶԼͬ飬Ŀ⾪
ݣ
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ս֮ţ
ܶҶķɵɱǺܼɵ˹Ƕǿ似ս֮šС
ﬣﬣﬣ
켸ͬһʱҶɵ̶֮Уֹͣ˷С
䣡
ɫս֮źȻѣϯֱӽҶɵС
ƽɫ
Ҷ˹һν֣ûռϷ硣
ķɵɱȻǿֵز
˹вһ
ৣ
˹ͬʱҶ̤󣬶üٶȣһӰ꣡
⣡
μȫһᣬĿҶ򱬳·һĻ֪ҶսĿ¡
˿̣ӦԼϢҶҶٳŵһ£˵ֱĶӡ
һ
ҶһȣٶȲֳצ״̽ȡһ㣬Ѹһץ
һӿһֻƣץĺ꣡




696 򱬣
ҶҶɵһɱ˹ȡ˹ʵֻΪס˹˹޷ߣͬʱﵽĿģüٶȣɱꡣ
ȻӦһʱת룬ٶȱҶԣ˲٣˲䱻Ҷ˾롣
⣡
͵ظӦӿͷһȫΣյϢ֡
ৣ
Σս٣֮УȻתһɫϸնһâһ½пҲǱɢΪΡ
ۿҶһƣŵøεѣٴתĶӡ
Ȼ
һ̡
͵ת׼ضʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ҶͬһɽƵģǰסȥ·
ৣ
״ŵɫһ䣬Ȼ˵־һ
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죡
һ£ҶȻٶȷӵ£Ⱥնâִǰӿӿȭ֮ϣȭ֮Уúȭ׺ڹ˸

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һȭδáɷ졯ɱУ޵еơսͷɱ⣬úͷ
ﬣ
촫ҶһȭɫϸſֲͬʱֱӽɫϸնĽâ򱬣ɫϸ֡
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ҶȭƲֹһ»кĻâ
·Ϊӡ֤Ҷ֮ǰ˵ĻĻâֽһ㣬ֱӱҶȭͷ̺֮Ŀֲ顣
ʧȥâķһ޷ܲ
£ؿΪԲըѿѪɣʹ˱
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ﬣ
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⣡
;еţһĻŵȷһͷԵڵء
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˹ԣ֪ҶҪױŭҧȼΪ˵ϢȻǣ
ܿ죬˹Ϣ£ȫںųһһŵĵ񣬿Ƴս޵У
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ò˵˹ĲɱʮַḻͻȻ㱻ΪҪҶһֲ
һ̣˹ٶȱգ֮㽫Ҷľ̵ֻʮס

˹ֱһȭٴδϣάǿѧս֮
ȼ֮󣬴ǿһԽ˳ս񾳿ԳܵķΧ
ɲǼ䣬ɽɫݻ֣˹ŭͿֲս⣬Ҷ
ž
˹׵һȭҶûдȥӲǻΪƴ׻ƶϣ׻ƶ׻ƶڷ󷨡

׻ƶڹ˸Ҷǰ
䣡
һ죬ɫݻĽɫݺݵ׻ƶ֮ϣֲ˹
׻ƶػĹâʱ𣬶÷ʡ
ͬʱɫδʧҶٶȻࡣ
ৣ
Ҷ̤󣬺һɶɫĺֱͣӱ˹
úã
һȭɺųƵһ׻ƶ֮˹ƸʤűǵҶЦһٴκһȭ
һȭȻս֮ʱֻܽۼȭͷ֮ϣݻһССĽɫ޷һɱеȫ

ͬʱҶ߶ӿȭȭ˳ƺ
ɷ죡
һΣҶκαֱӶǿɱУ
ӲӲɱжԺ䣡
飡
һ̡
Ҷ˹˵ȭͷײһɽײƾˡ
ȭײҶȭ̺֮ɷ֮ſֲױһ½˹ȭͷϵĽɫСѡ
ըѣϯķҶ˹׵壬âֵδ˵ǡ
µķͬʱҶ˹˻𣬶󵹷ɶѪң
ţ
һˮ˹ϣ״̬ѡ
Ϊɱ޷ݻս֮ɱеȫȼҲ޷ռϷ磡
ҶҲüͷһ
գ̾ɣǿ󣬽ֱӴ˳·ʶ޾κһһɱ
˿̣˹ȼ֮󣬾ȻֵܹȫһЩԾ
飬ûзɱ׼
˹һȶѪҵһŭҶ˻
ͬ磬ննݣ
ҶӦһٴδ߶Ҷɵ
һΡ
ֻ߶һҶɵ
׹֣ɵûзκ˲ִ˹ǰ
ৣ
ΣͻȻ٣˹ƾḻĲɱ飬ʶƫһԴ

׹Ҷɵ˹ĶϺХ˹һ亹
Ϊֹˣ
ô˻ᣬҶ̤󣬼ٱƽһȭ˹Դ




697 
Ҷ˹Ѫδȶ߶ɵɱ
ҶҲ֪÷ɵɱܻɱ˹ǻ˹ϢĻᣬ˹ȶѪΪֻʵʩһ͵ϮȻûٴγɹ

ͬҶжϵһ˹Ѫδȶ˿̼ҶһȭջѣҲֻӲͷƤȭӭ
顪
촫Ҷ˹˵ȭͷٴҵײһȭ̺˲ŷҵغһ
ž
ٴϯķ׷ױҶ˹˵Ļâ档
ͬʱҶ΢΢һ˹Ǳ÷󷽣
һΣҶռϷ磡

˹ѸסΣŭѡ
ԭڵѪȶĻɱӲӲҲ·硪ҶҶľߣƷʸߡǿֲ߽
ղţҶһڵѪδȹ̡
һ£Ĺ轵ҶǿͲ̫࣬ʶռϷ磡
ҵҪܽӼȭ
ռϷ֮Ҷȫ˹ᣬٴӽ
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Ҷ겻ɢƵģٴγ˹ǰһȭ
Լ֮˵̣֮
Ҷȫ˹ȶѪҪƾǿӲؽ˹򱬣
쵰
˹ζըˣ޷ֻѡӲȭɱ
飡
飡
飡

һʱ䣬첻ϴϿ֮Ӱ
Ҷ˹˲Ͻ֣֮䣬Ժ˾ȭ
ȭܵĻľʧΪϿʯڣ˲١
˹ԵЩǱұǴһ㣬΢ضţѿѪ
ҶȻ޵ţһ𲻰ս
ûлˣ
Ҷһһسɴ磬ٴ˹

ۿҶٴη˹޵
ԭΪȼ֮󣬾㲻ܻɱҶҲռϷ磬ȫѹҶ泹׵ߵһӲӲ֮㱻ҶѹŴ
ΪҪǣղӲڵѪңʧصơ
һʧأҶ֣߻ħᱬ
飡
һ촫˹ӲͷƤٴκҶԺһȭ
ꡪ
ǹͷѵ
˹âѣȭֱըѪģұ۱ϣϳ˺üڡ
ۡ
˹类ɵİһ㣬ɶһѪ

һЩţܹУҴһƳؿһĻǾĿɿڴһ˲ڵء
Ȼû뵽˹ȼ֮󣬷ǵռϷ磬ڶ̶ʱڱҶش
Ҷ䣡
ͬʱһߣս˹˽ǡÿһĻǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ֱУǸо·һеҶ
ҲǱòᡣ
֪ҶǿҲʶҶ򱬳·ΣҲû뵽ҶȻɵػȼ˹
ž
˱һսĽͬʱҶͣӰ棬һ׷˹һĳĲӬһ㣬˹ķڵأҳһοӡ
˹οұѪģ׷ˣѪ磬·ȾһƬͨ졣
ֵҲܶģ
ҶȻӸµؿ˹û˿ʴȡ
ۡ
˹ԭشȻҶ仰ûһٴһѪɫ԰ֽ
һ̡
ҲҲ㲻һеֻǱ;
ǷݱҶֱй֮޲
Ȼ
ʮֱҲ֪սزûκη̵ϣˣضɥڴˣʶ˾
ӡ飬һֲŹġ
֪ûлϣ˹ûеģһ㣬Թ޵ضҶ
ϣҶϿ⣡
ֻһ˿ôģ
ͬҲͨưQķʽԼο
顪
һ˹Ļ
Ҷҽ̧һŶ˹ĵϡ
һţҶûжƾһŶ˹ĵ˹
~
˹۵ĿŤȴǿûнг෴ȻһԹҶԻڰ޴½
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ҪǰɣҶ˹Ļ

˹Զԡ
ʱ˿̣³֮ǰĲһγĶԱȣǾսֱһЦ
ģҲɱ㣬һ˵ƷһζҶٴοڵ
㡭Ҫʲô
˹ͷһѿڶ±Ҷĥ
ৣ
Ӧ˹һ
׹ҶɵҶĲ£϶£жһ㣬ж˹ۡ
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ৣ
Ӧ˹Ļһ
һΣҶֱӴ߶Ҷɵն˹ţ
~
ʹٴϮ˹и־޷ᶨ̲סһӡ飬㵽Ҫʲô
ৣ

Ҷն˹ҽţ
һ˹֫ȫϣӵ٣شҪ˵ߣһͨˣҲ
ɱɱңɱң
˹׿־ˣ˻
Ȼ֪ҶҪʲôǸҶҪԻΪجΣ
õĻܿΪ޵ʳ
Ҷ˹˵΢һĻṶӴϢһʱ䣬Ŀ־壬ȻΪ޵ʳ
죬֪ͨЩǰ飡
ȻҶĻ˹ҶͼױˣǷһ㣬˻ҪЩߵɢҶϢ
ţĻᱻЩ϶ȣȻĿһһǴ򱬣
Ҷδ˹ǵ˹˵֮󣬲Żڡ
ۡ
˹ԣûٴξһһѪԴһߡ
û˹ȥ
Ҫɱң
һĻԶǼ֮ǰŵ̱ڵصţǾޱȵؿҶǹ͹һġ
磬⼸һô
Ҷûᣬûȥһۣǳ岻Զսʵ
ûСսҡͷ
أҶʡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

һΣսشԶЩҶ˹սţŵֱߣҶһ۵ûС
Ǹо·ҶԾԨħʱոǵ
˹֮⣬û˶ҳ֡սٴҡͷ
Щǰɱҵϼһԭʼɭֵǣ
ҶԣĿ絶ɨЩߵţ⣬Ҫѹɱŵ飬Ҽһɱһ

˵ҶջĿ⣬ɨǼ̱ڵصš
ˣ
Ȼ֣ǼűֻҪһ䶯ȴƨûҷһˡ
Ҷӣôһ˵һһΣұ׷ɱû׼Ҳͬսһɵ
ԭΪ״ʦŽԿ޵ԶƻҸղˡղ˵ģֻܹ
Ҷԣɱ֡




698 ϣ
ԸǲҪѰ·
սԣղҶΣ̲ס˵ȻʲôѵˣҶӣڻȷޡŷ޺˶һ޴½ɱ㣬꣬ʵꡣ
£սĿ¶˼ֵǡ
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һ㣬ҶڷԼֱӴ߶
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ңص˵ɭ׼ȷ˵ֻϳڵɽдŹ֡
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ͬʱ
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һֱϲŷһͣһлŷһμӴ˴λɱ޵ж

ҡҡͷ׿˵顣
Ϊʲô׿Щ⣬ѵ㻹һﱧϣ
֮Уǳս񾳡ȻǶǸոͻƣ֮ǰѹƹ磬ʵ
͵֮лһʿʿҪֶ޷Ƴǰ󷨣֤󷨺ܲ򵥡
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һΪ˵ΪҪǣʵǶͷˣ
׿˽̸ͬʱ֮УɪǡӺҹ˱վһʮֻ޴˷ӿƾ춯ء
ǰԶһţѪ֮У˲䱻Щ޲ȳࡣ
ţǰ벽ʵã֮ǰٶ̫Χȣȴֻؿ˲
ৣ
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ӣҲƽ󷨵ķǶҪһˡ
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һ亹Ҳ˵֮е޶ǲڵģ֮еĻǿһжǼ󡪡˸ͲǱ޻ɱǱµĲݻ񡭡
ӣҪ˵ЩûõģôȥɪļǵشϣһѪʳ˹ؼ
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705 һ޵֮ˣ
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ͬ޵Уɲָͬһʱ޵Уͬһ޵С
Ҷֻǰ벽սȴɻɱս񾳵İսԶԶܹ
޷˹ԶԵͬʱҲüͷ벽ս񾳵ԲҶĶ֣
ü󣬵ֵؿ˰άһۣƺ԰άΪҶ˵ľٶеЩ֡
ѵһԺˣҿɲϣʲôèԺᲢۣ򲻵ڱҲڱ㣬ôĿе쳣άüĿ֮һ˿ţգŴ۾˵
û˵ʲôջĿ⣬Ȼһǰ󷨣ޱ˹ȥ
Ҫʲô
˿һĻѡ
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һ̣˵עУһֱӿ֮Уʹʧ
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άһȻŵĽŲ֮ͬС
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ۿͰάȺ󷨣ޣԥ
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ӡڰ꣬Ťͷһͬ飬ͬûŴ󹭣ֱû֮С
ҪָҽȥᱣչǣҲϲ׸
޷˹üŶЩţ⣬ҪǣȻǽҵزôִҪǣǵʵ󣬱ɡȻ֪ǰʲôԿ϶ǣ϶Ϊ¡ǽȥֻ
£޷˹Щ˵ţֱӴ콾һ֮ͬС
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òǲȥһź
һ̣һ˵Ŵ˵ţ֪ڸˣڸԼ
£ҧҧȽ󷨡
ɽдŹ֣ʮգͬŻɽҲ벻ı칦ԹĴеȵȡʵ̫ϧˣҽһȥô֣δؾͱǲ
û湲棬ûɷԸŽ룡
ҲԸ⣡
һʱ䣬ſʼ̬ﵽ֮һʣ֮ûп
лûҪ㹻ʵȥãҲ
ܿ죬ˣѡ뿪
˿ʲôûˣֻлŲϣҲ
ȥ˸͡
˵ŷֳѡŽ󷨣ѡȥ롣
ߣҵҪ浽ʲô
ȫȥŽ󷨵Ŵһǰ󷨡
ȻʱţЩԭŽţı⡣
Ƭ֮ŵĴ֮£оŽ󷨵ţһ֮ͬУʣЩţһ󲿷ѡʹȥٲ˾棬ȴ
ͬʱɽΨһڡ
һӰֶվڴ±֣޷ݣϳ޷Զ졣

ͻȻ֮䣬ڴվˣһӣһݻһֵľǰڡ

׻ȭ
֮ˣǱˣǰռһס
һֱ̣ûУûзκζ·δֹһ㡣
ٶüȻ룬һΣڣӲ
顪
һ̡
һε赲׵ĽŲ÷ɳ
ǿףû취ˣֻܵСʲô
׶γԹ󷨡ӲЧ֮ξȥ
ȥ֮ǰͷӦ󣬺ȻӦʮϢΪǿһϢнս
Դˣûκԥֱͣ뿪ˡ
ģΪξԿǸС飬û뵽׾Ȼٴ˵أרػڴ
ĵطһӵˣƵԹ
ܻɱǸСҲͰˣ׵ڴɽܡ
ǰһŵɽܲܵõͱأ
Ҫֱӹȥɣֲ֪˵صĿģû׼Ϊأ
٣Ϊǰ׳ô֪ɳЩϼһԸСӣô
һʱ䣬ʮˡŷ˺˵һߣ׷׿ڣԹ飬ܲͳһ
ৣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һɫۣĿߣ˫ۣˡ
ˣ
ȻߵĻЩһĸַ׷׾վм˲Լͬʵɴʦȷ
ȷ
ɳ֮ǰһֱڳԽɽУǿӲʧˡ
˼ǣûǣ˵ûǸСӣ˰Űɡ
Ӧ
о˸Ͼа˵ͬ棬ͬʵ˻ɱͽܣ׷
нս񡭡
ɽ̵ʱɵǸСӡϣڴֹߡ
ã
ٴɵĻ˵ʮǴ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܵӦһȻȿֺӿڡ
Ƭ֮Ƿ׷׳ɹɽУΨнսվɽ⣬ɱһɱ
СӣԸԵõҳɹǵ׷ɱ
ɲδ󡢴󣬶ɭЦһеıҵģ




710 Ľʺ
ҹɫīϰϰɭĹŹִɽһƬ
ɽ⣬ʮţһеڤеڱĿ˼е
˵ǰﵽʲôͻȻһڷſʵ
֪ʲôȻһʼóȻ룬Σաжϡ
˵ǿԳɹ𣿡ʵ
޷˹޺ͰάӦⲻЩͻƳս񾳵콾Ҳϣ˶Ҫġ
һ˵ţһֳԲ˵ԣ֮һ֮̽УվȴԸЩ֮ек³
ЩҲͬԼòĺôҲñ˵õ
ͬʱ֮С
Щţ׷׾ۼڴһƬյϡ
յǰֱȣȵľͷһȰɫĹţھŲԶĵطѹѹһƬվʮϴĿܡ
ﵽʲôطô˶Ŀܣ
пܣƺһĪĹ򣬿ЩܷߣֻͨЩܲɱ
߰˭ܴȥֱ˼
ģЩܷҲˣһͲܳȥˣֻܴȥţһǶ޷ͨĻǶҪ
յϣЩ۷׷ף֮з׷¶ſ־
һ棬ǿؿ콾ֳĸӪֱͨЩɱȥʮգǰٶȼΪ
˶˼ѣοǣ
һ棬Ƿ־Ʋ󣬶Լͬس뿪һĪ֮У޷ǿ뿪
Ǽطô˶Ŀܣһߣǹô
һϣάǷѾţ֮һͷĿܻ飬ѸٳˣһǱƵ˵
顪
ͬһʱ䣬һȭһͷܣӵάǵǰʵû°ɣ
ʱû£Ҫȥ϶¡
άɫѿЩĿܣʵ൱ڰ˼սʿֻɱһͷͷⲻ󡣿ҲˣǰһƬ㼸ʮͷҹԱ߻һͷ൱ھżսʿĿܣôܹȥ
üûп
ȻųһǿߣƳս޵оֻҲֻǺͰ˼սʿʵࡣ
һ£뷨ߵĿɱЧͰά
˵Ƚѣлġ
ݵĳĬ󣬵ǰĿܣܵ޵ģӣֻҪ˻ߣܱ㲻׷һֻҪǻ㹻ʱ;Խеİ˼ȫɱɱͷżܡ
Ȼ˵ɱУ˺·ΧĻǺΣյġ
άȻҲһ㣬ȻЩǣ֮£ǣһֵĻΣϵҪ͵öࡣߵҶǸһǸһƱ̬Կɴء
ûлش
üͷٴԽߣɱܡ
άǼ״̲ס̾˿
Ϊһǿߣ޷Ľ
ԵĽǲˡ˺ӡڰ콾ǺصģܵҶˣҶִأ

һԽߣͷܱӦͬʱŵ

ɫֱӺǰĿܡ
顪
һ죬ͷܱһȭõɶϳһЩѺۣδֱ𻵣ܼս

ͬʱͷܣֱͬķһͷȭһͷܻΪնһ
״㲻˫ȭͬʱȭֱӭͷܡ
飡飡
ٴδȭͷֱͷܵȭͷֵײһ
ͷܱõɶҲܣѪһ󷭹
Ǻοأ
ά֪ĵ񣬸ղű̼ˣѡӲӲķʽɱ̲ס̾˿ȻѸ׷ϵһͷشĿܣһһѺɫĳ˳ն
ꡪ
άһնͷͷѺϣܵͷѣȻأȫʧȥս
ಣಣ
ʱͷһأ˰άǡ
״˵æǰάǻΣٴͷɱһ
ͬһʱ䣬޷˹Ϊ׶콾ǣһͷܻɱ
޷˹֮Уֻ൱ڰ˼սʿĿɱ
һ˵콾类ܻˣѪֹɫЩѿ£ǺɱȵĿܣ˵ܣ
޷˹ԣüͷû˵
޷˹ҽ˺
һ˵콾ˣڣ˵콾ǿˣҲֻ൱ڰ˼սʿʵҲ˵ɱеĿܣ˳ͨȣҲʮѵ顣
ã
޷˹һվ
£޷˹ٳɣѸٴ콾ڴĿյȥ
˵콾ǺˣҪ𣿡
϶ǵģǲܺˣ
ˣǶ޷ͨȣǾͲˣ˶Ҫ
յϣЩŵһʱ䷢޷˹˵ľٶٴеľֱ
쿴˵콾Ҳˣ
ܿ죬ۼſ޴˵콾ˣ
֪ˣǸΪսѴȣһֻɱܵĻϣģ
ۿ޵ҲˣŻȻжϳһ㡣
ûӦûӡڰ콾Ҳˣ
ܿ죬յϵǣַͬˣӿ϶˵콾Ҫ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģ޷˹˻ں󣬿ԷΪ׵콾żɽǸΪսֱȵĻɹʽΪ㡣ҽһɱܣǿأ
ҲôΪ
޵ͷӦʵȻǳս񾳵İ弶սʿ磬ղֱӳΪ׸Ȼ
޷˹¡޸£Ƕ˳˰
޷˹ͷ޴ɺЭͬ˵ڣ˫ԱۼһЦ˵Ҫִ𣿼ô
û⣬ҳ˵ǰ棬ȻǺǾͱҪȫ֡޷˹ؿһۣѵ
ǿ϶ġ
ЦЦҽõ񡢰ά˼룬ǻһЩ
񽾰Ը벻ԸҲսˡ޷˹ü˵Ҳõ񡢰άǼ룬Ե˽⣬ΪֿԼ͡
ǿź
ʼ磬Ҫǵȵٴأڣ봳ȣἫΪ򵥡
ΪҪô
޷˹ʵȴǰĽҶǿ
Щ콾Ҳ׷ˡ
ΪǶòһʵ봳ǰĿ죬ҶԣСӹҼһ򵥣




711 
Ϊ֮еĿܷߣˡ˺ӡڰ콾ѡͬɱܣһߣĵȻάǲսδ콾Ǻ
ЩŵעУ޷˹˵콾ǽڶȡ
࣬ȴûҴĵسȾͷĿܣڹǰͣȥʮСġ
Ϊֻ֮ж޷˹ӡڰ˵ԿȰ˼սʿʵɱ
Ϊֻ൱弶սʿʮ콾ֻ൱߼սʿʵܵɱܣҪ֡
Ϊ˼ǲܽɱνȻһֻɱ
޷˹վڹǰǰĿܣ£ܵͽˡܣ޸°ȥļ
û⡣
ܸɴشӦǼΪĹ֣ΪʲֻǼãзռͲˡ
ڹȴжͷһٳ֡
޷˹ȻųţԴһҲ෴ʮܿѰš
ţЩûдﵽ˼սʿ콾ûκ飬޷˹޺˲ٷϻֱԽߡ

߲ԶһͷܣһʱӦ޷˹ˣ͵һ˳˹ٶȼ졣
״æȡһʴļڹϣͬԲȻ͵ɿ
ಣ
ƿʴļһ⣬Хܡ
ﬣ
һ죬ʴļ÷УܱУؿڳһѺۡ
ϧڷԿ˺ޡһпܣ̲ס̾˿
˵ϵĹǷҪܷȫֻʹãһɡ
ѡĵڶԭ
һԭ򣬱޷ջȥļ
ಣ
꿪ڵͬʱ޴߶֧ļϣͷУС
飡飡
˹޷˹һһңֱȭпܣֱӽܴ򱬡
޷˹ͷ໥ϣ編ƣֻܿɱͷܡ
ùЩ콾¶ϲɫƺѾ˳ɹȵһĻ
޷˹֮󣬻ɱܵٶҪȵ񡢰ά˿ˡ
ǰôȥ޷˹ǿ϶ҪȽȵпܻɱɹȡ
ߣڵڶȵڵȴһ޷˹ǽпܻɱǱŽţ
ڵĿյϣЩſ޷˹ɻɱܣҲҲ㾪ֺ;һ˷ܣǸо·ӵصá

ܿ죬ȺɢЩŷ׷׳˵ڶڡ
֮ɱܵٶҪǿöࡣ
һά˻عߵϢͷЩŵľٶµʲôٴҪҲȥǺ
ȥ
ҡͷ̬ȷǳᶨ
鷢չһҶνޱһΪɽǷǿ޺˵ڴĿԺܸߡǱͨȵĻпܾͻᱻȶߡ
άٴοڣͼ˵޷˹˺
ȥĻȥɣҲ㡣üӦ
ǼĽ
άԣƵһ䣬ȻͷڴмŲδӿڶڣЩ֣ǼһôȥڶڣѵǾǻȽпܻɱô
վʲôѵǲͨȣô
ɻĲǰάǣڶڴſǼδ̲סʵ
˭˵޷˹Ǿһܹɱܣյϣһŷʵ
ѲǾõͰάٶȸ죿ˣ۾ͷôڶڴЦ
ͰάǲУأ޷˹˭죿
յϣһֿ׳յĿ⿴ŵڶڵЩš

ڶڴЩŶʱƿԡ
Ϊǿ϶ģ
٣⼸һﻹͦǵģңҲҶǸһ󡣡һȹ⣬άЩŵĶԻȻ̲ס޵
ԣüͷøˡ
ųһǿߵһ˱˸סâΣ
ָоܲ
ͬʱ
Ҷսɪǡҹں֮⡣
ףЩһʲô
սڴЩţɻʵ
𾴵Ҷ£ڵȽ
һ˵Ҷһ
ǽȥ೤ʱˣҶʵ
һСʱ
˵ŻصȻڴؿҶϣҶܹ֮ǰһƵǰ󷨣Ǳٴθմ⡣
ৣ
ŵĻ£ţ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶĿеڴ޷Ρ
ŵĻڶĿ֮еĿҶֻ΢΢һЦδ̬
ΪӪɪǵ֮ǰϸӦǰ󷨣֮Ĺڡ
й󷨣ѳԽ˸߼󷨵ķ룬ֻڹмعԶԶܹƽģ
ߣǽȥ
ݵĽ̸ҶûȥӦ󷨣Ǿ˽󷨡
һ֮ǰѾӦ󷨣ٴθӦ岻
ΪҪǣ϶Źֵɽϳ˴Ź⣬дڡ
񣬵Ѿһˣ˲
£Ҷֳ׻ƶڣսɪǡҹںġ
ӺҶֻôһϣȻ֮С
ˣ
յϣǼȴҶţҶ֣һȻ׷Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬ѣһ˸Ǽ
ৣ
ŵľһڶЩţܵǣһ㣬׷׽ĿͶҶˡ
ͬʱһͰάǱҪٴԽ߻ɱܣŵľ󣬲Լͬͣ½Ųͷ
ڶЩ콾Ҳľѣ׷׻ͷѰҶӰ
޷˹ͷҲֹͣɱܣ˵˹档
һʱ䣬֮ͻȻҶΪΨһĽ㣡
ҶӣôоҶڵ㰡ѵڵٴô
սưһˬӣǸоҶ
ǡǵģǶڵҶ´󣡡
յϣһæڻӦ鼤ѣǸо·𿴵˾١

һ̡
Щԭۼڵڶڵǣŵè׷׳Ҷӿ˹
һĻǼȼ֮ڿյصҶţһĵı顣
Ǹо·˵б²Ҫ




712 ݹ
Ҷ˵ĵǳ͹һưˮʱը˹ЩżѣͬʱҲõ񡢰άǺ޷˹콾ֹͣ˴
֮䣬ЩԭڵڶڵǣӿҶܣȴʶȤÿһͨ
Ǿ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶǸо޲Ҷ̴Աܹմ⣬Ͷͨ
Щֻɱô
ڴҶȴһƽ֮к󣬲δЩŵľٶǵһʱ۲޷˹˻ɱܣһѪʳ˹ؼ
ǵģ𾴵Ҷ¡
ҶʻճһűȿڣȻؿһˣ·õʲôĺôƵģΪĿܶԷߡ
һأЩҲ൱ڰ˼սʿǰ춼ûȥԭǷ߰
ŵĻ£Ҷڣս˷ܵ˵˵ҶӰ󷨼ֱΪİӦ˵ɽϵĴΪ׼ġ
ţ
սĻЩһ׷׾
ǣ񡢰άǺ޷˹콾ҲϡŹֵ󷨵ĻҶõĸʵȷҪöࡣ
ǵ͵سȥɫܲÿ
߰ɡ
Ҷһ۵񡢰άǺ޷˹콾ȻջĿ⣬ٷϻ׼ֱӴս˴

ǰЩ̷׷ɢҶ
һ̵ǣϺް㾪еֻǼ˷ܡ
Ҫˡǿ£ɱʮף϶ܹɴô죿
һĻڶȵĹ⣬һ콾̲סʵ
ȡǸ޷˹£޸£ǺĿģΪͨ񣬼ȻɵͨˣǾûҪѾˡ
ӡڰ꣬ȿڣ̬ʮȷ
ûȻͨˣûмıҪˡ
Ҳˣʿκ˶֮ǰνǱȻԸɱ
Ȼˣǵĺʹ˽ɡߣһȥ󡣡ͷ޵ľ޷˹е⣬ΪԼҲͬ뷨
£޷˹˲ٷϻڶڣۿҶĻᡣ
ͬʱһάǿһԵĵ񣬷ֵüͷɫΪѿ
Ҫȥô
ܰά֪̲ܲסʵ
Ͼܷͨ󣬽ɽٶȣջӰ쵽ǷпܴڵĴ
ٴѡ˳Ĭ
Ҫȥ
άһóЩҡˡΪʱȥι
Ȼ԰άǵ飬Ĭص˵ͷȻ㳯ȥ
~
ԭάǻĵһΪνĽЩģ˿̼Э˿Ȼٸڵ
ףǿ쿴޷˹˳ȣѵҲҪմĹ𣿡
ʲôֵģ㣬˳صĻᣬȥЩĿܽɱô
Ȼˣǰ׳գ򲻻˼ȥɱ
ǵδأųһһǿߵĵпܻᡪ̫ˣ
ҶЩſ޷˹˳Ⱥ󣬷׷
һʱ䣬޷˹˵ɫǳѿ
ͬΪ콾ǶǽģȲѣĻᶪȥմҶıˣ
Ȼ
һ̡
ǿɫѿ˳Ⱥʱתࡣ
¶жԱȡ
Ըĵ񶼽ȥιˣҲȻˣ
Ȼ񶼷ɱˣ
޷˹콾ȻͬʱЩһ궯׷׳Ծؿŵ
ޱ飬ƺܲ˵ۺĿ⣬ʵбȳԷʱһֻӬҪܡ
ܹܣδ˵ʲôֻضҶıӰ
ߣάҲ۷ŹؿҶдڴ
ڴΪ֪޲ߵĿ󣬶ҶԵ׿ɵ̶ֳȣ
һ̣𰸽
͵񡢰άǺ޷˹СԽ߲ͬҶǵԽ˹ߣδսֹ
ಣ
߲ԶһͷܵһʱҶ˵ĵܵǰҶ
ҶΪŲδͣһ£
ৣ
͵ܼʱҶֶȻһӣһƳӭĿܡ
ž
촫ҶƺһƣֱӽܵԴñѿ

һĻȺЩţ޷˹콾ǵͰάǶǾͫ׶ȻŴ
Ȼ²⵽ҶֲҪɱܺףҲû뵽Ȼ׵زֱСӸҼһ
ҶıֶΪ֮һͬʱͷܵĲкĽһЩƬǰɨĿܡ

ɲǼ䣬ǰЩԭֹĿܱ궯
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ƿȻʮͷܲԼͬضҶƾˡ
һĻȺЩţֻͷһ𣬻ëէ𡪡ǣΣɡ
޷˹콾Ҳͫ׶ȻһĻʵ̫ˡ
ȻʵЩǿҲǿ٣޷ͬʱֵ˶Ŀܡ
Ҳͫ׶Ȼ
˱֮⣬ѡ
Ȼ
Ҷûкˡ
üͷûһ¡
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
һ̡
˽ŶڴעУƿٴҶɵȻҶͲ֮дڳ׹⣬ХǰĿܡ
ﬣﬣﬣ
׹˸첻ϣҶɵΣתţһĵ磬ȺڣǽһɱǸһ㣬ɵػɱſܡ
⡭ҲУ
˵Ҷ֮ǰһƳ鱬һͷ˾þȣôʱ˿̣Ҷ߶ҶɵǸһɱܣ˳ױˣ
ǵɴ۾һؿǰȫռݣ
Ҷʵ̫ţˣ
ͬʱս̲ס޵ѣǸоΪҶֵһĪҫ
ɪǡҹںδڣ׷׾ҶӰøߴ·һΡĴɽעһ޷Խֻ
Ҷı·ûĺ棬ʮƽ
Щֻ൱ڰ˼սʿʵķɵɱûзɵ֮е󷨼ӳ֣Ҳǰ˼սʿԵֵģ
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713 ˣˣ죡
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718 ʧ㣬֣

Ҷһ˵ͬײ죬ʡ

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ۿҶʩչɵɱպﲻκԥתʯţͬʱٴɱҪ㣬ܱһʱһģҲҪǺ




719 ϣ
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ڴŵעУҶֽӹŽ
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һһҹȥˣ͵˿ʼҶǷķ󡯵ʱҶս˳ˣʱ˵ע
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԰άǵѯʺ˵ĻɣҶڣսЦȻˣҶӣ㲻ҪùŽɱպˣԼȥɱɣ

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751 ʲôŽк
նѪϴŷˡһңưһ
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ͨ޴½ʥصĿ飬õǿµĴСԪҺвΪ֪Ļõ

һ󣬹Ҷڰ޴½һǲ˳Ƶģȫ磬һƬȻ
һΣʧأɳһֳΪ˻ĥʯʧţνǰʯͷԼĽţ
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ҶҶ׺ʲôزſԽֵʮڵĲľȥιǣ




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762 Ҷ 
˹崫޳Ϊ˸ȥ˵ǱԤԴ˸Ȼɱ𣬱ؽնɱ
˸ɳްݷ˹ĵڶգϢԾ˵ٶȴȫ硣
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763 Ҷ 
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һ죬ҶʽУ֮Ļ

һ죬ежϡ




764 
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ӨԣѿǺϿɣ̣˵ǽҺûӣһΪľȷġ
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СӨãģڣҪ˵ǸɽϻӳưĻаͽܣҵĴˣҲԲҶһָͷ
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771 ɱ
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ʶ޵֣֤޵ǿ󡪡޵УһĴڣ
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ӶԴڹΪλڶ˶ϲõĺΪߴ״ΪΡ
һסӶϡϱ໪֪ĺϡ
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μһЩһЩȤζԣɱаʵĵӣ
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й֮޲ֱΪѡֲȤζԣҶԻɱҶһҶ
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⻰һڣţ·ˣ׷׽ĿͶ˹ϵսȴ޵Ļش
һĿ⣬ǰ׷޵ţû뵽Ҷ޵ΣһŹֱ顣
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֮·ȺҲӦʲô׷׾Ŀȥ
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Ϊ֮ˣҶ




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֮УΨһһҶʵָƵˡ
ʱ˿̣ûһ㵣ǣеֻڴڴҶþʵɨνľţ޵һ
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ݵľ㵹ЦЦһ㣬ЦŶ԰˵ҪһΧ·
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Ҷɱ糱Ǹо޲ɱҡ
ûнˣ˵ᵱʦ˵棬·޵һЦ
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ٴ׵ĻϿ֮еĲѡ֣ǰۿߣ޵Ŷһ
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ҡͷ˵ֻֻĥɳţſδ죬䵱Ӯδǳսʤ

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״һӣâ˸ԿڿշС
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أ˵עУϵķУŨԪʥأ̳ϵѷ𽥺ϲݻһɫĹš
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찡ʥй¶ԪŨңʥԪŨҵ̶ֳȣ޷󣡡
ǰôŨԪκ˵ʵͻͽѹʵǿ󡣡
һȥ²ɱޣֻҪܹһʱ䣬ҲԱЧϺü
ʥеԪйϿ֮оϴһЩʵʵСߣĿȣ޲̳ʥ֮С
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ȷʥصĹ֮ҶδѰ޻ɱϸشʥһС
ʥУտƶ䣬ԪΪŨһÿôִľһƬһ޼ʵԭʼɭ֣һɽµر鲼ɭֵĲͬλصԶʱ
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ҶûǮȥֱһ·򣬱ʥ
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罫죬޵ۣ˼
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ţ
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~
һ޴ǰݴдڳһͷ࣬׸ߵĽɫʨӣ
ڿԻˣ
Ҷһӭƽʨӡ




787 
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ʥԪԶطŨٶҪ죬ʵԽǿεľǰ˼޺;żޡ
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ǿǵޣԼĽ֪֮ͬ£ҪǶѣǻɱ
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Խʥ޵ʵԽǿΪԪŨһûдﵽս񼶵ǲġǻᱻǿϣɱ
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ģλżֱ̫ˣŹȥ೤ʱ䣿Ȼնɱһͷս񼶵ޣֱ޷󡣡
ǰʵܳĴˣδľҲֻǲδޣ֤滷ĺƽ
޵Ļֳǧ֣λŵĻҲǧ֣ʥڣȺٴһ궯
ŷϵĻ֣Χ˵ۣΪƶߣһƽ
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ŵıȻޣǿֳɼģûʵôϼҫ⻷
ͬʱҲ֪λֻǿθˣĴǾλĵط
쿴Ǹ˭ȻҲɱһͷսޣѾλˣš
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ৣ
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ţţвԼͬӿֳʡ
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788 һȭ򱬣
ѪĻֺ˸еȣЩһֱַǳȨߣҲüͷһ˼Ѫ
ȻѪ֮ǰûκ֪ͻ޵ţԲ֮Ȼࡣ
ǿ˵Ѫʲô
Ҳ֪ѪתȨʵ
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ǿ߷׷ҡͷǿ˷·ƾճֵһ㣬֮ǰûκйϢϡ
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˷׷ײ²ѪʱʥУҲһͷս񼶵ޡ
Դӽ֮󣬵һֱ˳˳ˮһû̫ǿ޵ĵطĶǰ˼߾żޡ
ȻʵҶѪ޵ţѡֶԣʵҪǿ٣Щ˼߾żû˿أնɱ
һ·ϣĻҲţȻûлɱս񼶵ޣҲ̫͡
𽥵ľʥˣ˵һͷս񼶵ޡ
һֻޣѪ㣬ԭʳı壬ʵ൱ǿƤһʵıƤ൱һӲףѰκβ

Ѫǳǿƣȷһڣӽ񣬴ֳβͻһâݺݵ˦ȥ
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һڻɱһͷս񼶵֮󣬵Ļֿ쭣ֱӳԽѪ𣬳Ϊ˵޵š
ΪҪǣղһսҪָԼ״̬״̬ս
Ψˣһֱǰʮյľ

ҲɱһͷսޣֶʱԽǸصѪ˵λţ
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ְ˵аʵĵӵʵҪȵǿ㲻ţҲӦ̫࣬ôûнǰʮ
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һʱ䣬йҶʥзϴ˶Ҷһûκʤ㡣
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һУϰԵӦʥعԺгǰʮϢԼȻռݵһͬʱҲ˵ߵı仯
λˣҶΪλʮ⣿ѵΪù򣬲μӾס𣿡
аǰʮı仯üͷһ
Ҷɱ˶˵ţһڻɱˣҶĺﵽ˾˵ĵز޲̽ҶңȻϣҶù
ƵһĻڲͬĵطҲţ޵ڻɱ֮ͬһʱ鿴а񣬾Ƿаı仯
ҶٳδϰǲԼͬػɣҶҪùѡ
ʮֲˬͬʱҲҶųоܲݣ

һУҶ֪顣
˿̵ȻںͻƽʨӲɱһһ޴ѽѷ֡
ƽʨǱеߣʵǿ󣬶ҷ̬ҶȫҲܹƽ֣޷ѹƣ
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ڸղŵɱУҶʼûжðȭĿĥԼĲɱɺ;飬˿ۿĿѾﵽ׼ս
㡭Ҫʲô
ƽʨȻ֪ҶжǿҶƾɱȫ·磬ʵÿֲݣ
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ৣ
Ӧƽʨӵһƿ
Ҷһٶ磬˲ƽʨǰѪȻ߶ӿȭ

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˿̣ҶȻδһ㣬磬˹
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ۡ
ȭ
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ƽʨӵԴȻըѣ
һȭ
Ҷֻǰ£ƾ衶ȭһʽֱӽƽʨӴ򱬣




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ҶɱһͷսޣѸգۼ伷ǰʮﵽھ
ʥ⣬׺ǿΪ׵սǿǣǰۿ˴Ǳߣ˶ڹעŷı仯
ҶĻһӿһǧ֣һӴܵǰʮȻ˵ע⡣
аʵڽǰʮˣ
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Ͼ˴βμǱһѡ֣ʵеǳս񼶵ľ԰ʵսԸ߳һѡһأȫʵɱսޡ
٣ҶСǾԼ̫ˣŹնɱһͷս񼶵ޣ˿ǹںɣ
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ҶŻȭƣԺһ⣬׽ʲô
Կ϶ǣֻҪ͸ɽȭһʽѪ򵽴Բ




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Ҷɱ֮󣬻ѳǧ֣ʱ̫ãȻûнаǰʮǱ˾룬ǰʮķԽԽ
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ʥ֮УڼѡǷֳӪ
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Ȼ˿̵ȻռаһҶǰʮ֮УЩջ
аʵӣ̫ʧˣû뵽˵һų򣬾ȻûС
վһ׸ߵʯϣ˫žղҲͨӦ֪нҶȻǰʮ֮Уʱеǳʧ
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ȻҶĺ⣬ȫ޺Ħڭ٣޲̽Ҷңйͷֻޣ
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һطͬǹİңڻɱһͷս޺󣬲ǰһͷսޣһҲ壬ǿƵͷԼϢͬʱ鿴һаһʧ
ʼգɱҶһϷұмȤҶٳûнаǰʮҲ۵ΪҶѡųˡ
ԭͦǸҶǼһǱǿ͵ų򰡡ˣɱųҲûʲô壬רıɡλһޣһһҪõ
ͬ鿴аǰʮֻƽ
ΪȻɱҶԣǱĹھӿ

ţ׷ΪҶų򣬲ҲμӾͬʱҶ˽ʥ֮ĵͷսޡ
һֻɣףëһ㣬⣬ްԵҰһ㡣
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ҺͰǲϵڵĵر仯ΪɱԳԿʼչڵ
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ԭ뿴СǵϣһȻǾͳȫǣ
ΪСǵԵʣҶĸ飬ٵʱԼͷ·һƥ¶ǣ˲Բߣ˵Ľ˿ڣ¶ʱ򣬴ʱҲɽɽϣշ
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ˣֱ˿̲һͬʱаǰʮı仯
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ˣѾעһѪϴˢµУΨһĽ֣յĹޣ
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⼸һﶼаʵӴ̼÷˰ţҲãλøӼһЩ
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Ѫ𣿡
μӾʮ֮У޵֮⣬ֻҶѪ
Ҷ޵ż棬ŹǲİΪˣһ±жϳǰ֮ˣصѪ
Ȼܹҵ͵Ϯֲǰֵǰǿ
ѪĮڣʣȫҶһ£ֱἰҶɱ飬֮дż־档
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ûǴĻ֮ǰ޽޳ޣ㰴չ򣬻ɱѡ֣ɻöԷϵĻ֣Ҳñֵ˳ӡ
ѪĻҶ΢΢üͷܸܵѪԸͬʱҲظܵѪǹɿ̹ǵĳ޺ɱ⣡
Щ֣
ΪͬԼ˵޽ɱȡ֣¶ǰ̹ĵĺ⡣
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ѪЦԣ˴βμǱȡ޹ؽҪҪĿıɳµزøڱнҶɱ
СĴۣȡ棡
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Ǹо·Ҷоǰϵ⣬ֻһֽŶѣ
ڿ֮ǰĬĬûб˷ʵʵӦĳ߷ڱϢʵôֻΪ˻ɱң
ҶüͷֱضѪ
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Ϊϣ˵Ҷ˭ôʣµؽڵһλ
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ͬҲǳµػɱʦһΪȫʧ⾡˵۳
һУҶڳµغ֮ǣζ뽫µشң
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Ϊͬһ˹崫ˣͿԻɱˣΪղŶҵİɱɻɱң
Ѫ䶢ҶɭЦţ˻ƶͳ˸еëȻţ常ǰѾ˵ˣͷȥ˼ңͷһðɣ
ۡ
ԭѾһϢҶɱ˿ѪƺΪˣʱŭģѪԴһᣬһͷԵڵأֱӻ˹ȥ
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ͬʱʥˣĺ紵ĴأһƬƬҶз裬·ڳѪɭĻһ㡣
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Ҷվ·紦۾Ѫ뵽µ֣еɱⲻϵһ쳤Хĳ嶯
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УޱѪĻû˹ȥ
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ΪղŻԵԵʣ֪Ѫݣȴ֪Ҷ֮˱Ѫ𣬶ܹѪʵ֮ǰ޶ԣֻǿ
һ˿ǡ
һ棬ȻûĿҶδ޵ģжҶҲҪһЩ;Ѫȥ磬״̬۷״̬
һ棬Ѫʵ̫أûκֶ֪ΣҲû֪жǿ
δ֪ǻ˳־塣
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802 лɱ
սƷƴоֻĴܶŹ˺·ȭȭ⡣
Ʒƴɣ似и£ʵǳʽ似ǷǷʤ
ƷȴͬˣƷսѾҪˣһһ֮ĶȻܹʤĹؼΨһƺͲɱ顣
УΪ
߶Ծͬݡ
ǿ񣬶սĽӰ졣
ѪȻڷ޴½ޣûٻɱޣҲûٻɱߣԴᡣ
ʶھ֮ǰԼƣͷѪѻɱͼӰ쵽ҶȻûҶһ
ܷʵܹǸС
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ҶɵХŴҶͲ֮кХܵԪתΪĵȻնѪ

նȫȼѪ׼ʩչѪ𣬾ֵش
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һҶȻԴӽʥغֻɱͷսޣղȺɱ޺Ѫ𣬻ȡϵĻ֣ռݵһԶԶؽڶĦڭ˦
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Ҷڻֿ쭣һδеһ˿˷ܡ
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ৡ
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ԶҶѪɱ󣬱߹Ҷվԭһͣ˽Ų
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٣ĳЩ˿ɲҪǰĶԼһĻҼԪ̼
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ȻǶ֪ôܲʣöݣΪܹȥҲ޷ôˡ

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þҶֻԼ·һҵĹսһ㣬ľ޴ֱۺնյĴƴѹ
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𾪵ͬʱҲҵһӿ˸һгǹնһɫǹâХնҶ
⣡
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806 ͬ޵У
Ҷƾһ֮סҡ޵˵Ĺ߶ҶɵһѪ⡣
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һ̣ҶǿƵһģǵ·磬ǽɱ󣬰ѡߣ
ΪҶǿѾ޵˶ѧԸҶҲδؿռˣǺпܻḰĺ󳾡
岻ѣ

ۿսߣŭһæ߶ƽ˻һ⣬ͬ뿪
Ȼʥ֮Уʹ÷зУɽзڵС
Ͱˣһʹ÷似һʹ÷зٶȼ죬գ֮䣬ʧӰ١
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ûаʵûиԴȴͬ޵УǼˣԴƣۿ˵ͣǿЦ
˵аʵӴСǼһõԴǿ󵽺ֵز

ڽ𾪡־ͰûڽӵʱϿ֮УЩ֧ҶĲѡֺ͹սٴοڣһͷͨһüĸо
ô
һۣҶӰڷģʧ찣ɭˣȻ޷źͽܷҶɱʵ
Ȼ֮ǰս̿һ
֪ȷĴ˷
ģһΪǿ֮ͬУֵָܹ
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ĹδҶκӰ죡
һ˿˿ûУ
̳ϣǿûᰣɭ˵
У˹峤ɫ쳣ѿ
ǵһҶնɱľţ
ԭĿãҶΧɱйͷֻޣ뵽һ
ͬʱ桢ƽ峤޵˹˼峤÷͹ɮĦҮıǰδеء
Ҷʵʩ𣿡
ۿҶӰʧڷͶӰ֮У̲סаԼ
ᣡ
ӿ֣ǲԼͬа޵ҺĦڭھ֮ǰҪٺҶ




807 ɱ
ҶչֳĿֲʵ;˱֣桢ĦҮ÷޵˹ǿߣǿʼҶʵʩ
޺ͷ˵ıħһǵͷϡ
ǿҶʵʩѡƵĻ޵ĦڭҺͰˣḰ޺ͷĺ󳾡
Ƕԣǲɳ֮أͬʱĴҲǿǰģ
Ǳʵ̫Ϸ绯ˣаʵӸһϷ
ǰ֮ǰſòһ׷ҪɱҶ˵һϷȴˣҪʱ̵ıҶɱ
͵桢ĦҮ÷޵˹ǸԵĴʱϿ֮ٴδһЩɫΪѿȴ޷
ϿǸ۵Ľ䣬ٴ˵Ŀ⡣
վʼƽˮһĿ⣬ûκαʾ·һبŴڵĵһ㡣

ʥ֮Уڼ
ҶûȥԼıֻĺ䶯˾ʥһɽȡ
һΪصɽȣɽ֮ҰأԪŨľˡ
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ߣҶһǾ󡯣ԽɽеԪǿо£
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Ҷеȵǣ޶˲ûκζ⣬ǲûһЩǳ˳ޡ
磬ھǾɺ󲻾ãһֻ׷˹һֻս񼶵ĵףʵס
ΪҪǣ츳Ƭвûʧȥޣ޲䵽ΧҶҪնɱҲֻ̾
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ַɻһöȭͷ֥ĵطߡ
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⣬ɽеԪ𽥵ĳӯɽкܶԭŵʻҲˣɫĻڻԼ衣
ط档
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޵ս޷⣡
뾡ʵԱ޵ս֮ǰɱµأ֯ȻͶұɶ׵ĳŵΪߵĿߣⳡսʤ

ҶǼᶨģ͸߰Ķ־ĵ̾˿
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һΣҶʱϵҶ
⣬ҲŬ˵ȱٵֻʱ䣬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬㲻κ˲
Ҷزؽ뻳Уο
š
ԣ˵ͷֻůģؿҶĻ
뻳ҶܹظܵҲܹŵŮĻζζͷ·˷ܼһ̼Ƕҩһ㣬񫡢ʧ
ܵҶȣǿͷ·һ㣬ڻŮ˷ߵϢͷ·һֻ˳ĸ򣬶ҶУһҲҶ
ԲʱҶ̧֣ǻ°ͣ׼Ըе촽ȥ
Ľ˲٣ʶر۾ë΢΢Ըе촽һ使޵Ļ䡣
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ֱԼҪڻҪϢʱҶֹͣⳤһǡ
촽ֿȴȻţǲһֻĴײС¹һ㣬ˡͣžһƬ糺죬ˮģ·Ҫγˮһ㡣
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ӳڻҶĻУһҲ붯ܵǰδеİȫ
ɱԣͬҲҶܡ
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ϲҶеĸоҲ֪ʱ˿̣δҾʥ֮лǿнսޣΣʱ֣Ҫȫָơ
ΨˣڽıУŲҶĺȣӶҶ
š
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ƻָ֮ǱȥѰĸһǰˣ




808 ֪
ҶʱŬڻָΪҶΪƵĹУԪ봿֮ϣڱذһ塣
ƻָܹ֮زԼڲʱųǿ˲١
֣ϲѣǸж
жеûжҶ˵ллֻ֣ؿҶһۣȻͷ΢죬ȥϴϴ
ţȥɱһͷ޵͡
ҶЦŵͷղŰ壬ųڴʣɫ۹մȫȾǼɫĳۡ
ԭɽ֮вޣҶҶ׼޶֡
һ棬Щ޶δ෴Ը׽ʮѵá
һ棬ȻѺͱǲ㴰ֽ˴˽˶Էİ⣬Ͼδϵ˼Ŀŵؿɽȵˮ̶ϴ衣
ԼĪһʱҶһֻ˶ӻصɽȡ
׳ﵽٽҶļͷ·һһɡ
ɽһСϪˮ̶Ҷϴ裬ߵСϪߣֽؽӰƤţϪˮϴɾȻһ
գġ̵ֱӹϵòӣζ꣬ȴײ³
ǺںСʱҶѧϰ֮һǾɱһֻտ˵Сһ
Ȼ̣ȴôסˣӡУҶûҰ漼ˡ
ܿ죬磬ȻûеϺտҰζҲһʳֻǳսޣб㺬кǿԪ
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810 Ҳɱ
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нս񣬵Ҳδرȵ
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ǣ֮Щս˵ǿߣҲһ𾪡
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Ȼֿܹʥأǵһοʥأ֪ʥ֮лнأ
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ΪʥصĹڣǿ߸޷ʩȡ
׶ԣϵĵǸŨ
ҶʵžԵģҶԺɨţͬʱݹأνĽضǴ֮أ߶Ǿһ
桢˼峤÷ͻƽ峤޵˹˵ȴϲǲΰ룡
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Ļ춼֪ʲôҲ޷ͨ۲Ҷ˵ˣֻĬĬ

ʥǽĬˣʥڣҶҲ˽У״ӷʧӰ
أҶ˾;ǰһ㱣·ѪɫĹ߽֯ǰ
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Χ˱ǣݴ洦ɼһЩҩ¶ҷ
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Ҷսأһͷнսޣ
ңƾϢӦ˼Կ϶ǰֻܵʵҪʥɽϵнսǿö࣡




815 Σķ
һÿһʵҲŵȡ
Ҷڰ޴½ʥĽպǹе壬޼ʵǿðڵ޲ߣջ˹Žķ󡯣Žֻнս񼶽պɱ
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816 ŵĹ
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Ƭ֮ҶҵһıչڣһɽˮСɽȣһٲƥһӸ߸ߵɽˮ
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818 չ
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һУҶû˿ϲãüͷ壬һĵǡ

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Ͽ֮Уܶ߶۷׷ףǼΪҶˣһЩΪǸеϧһЩֻ
аʵִҪ׷ɱ޵Ͱˣôܻڽ֮У
ûԼˣƵð޵Ͱ˽ֱˣ
ۿ׺ȾǿҲʼҶǷ˽֮У׷޵Ͱҵţ׷׿ָҶ
ģǸӱ죡ɵɱҶӣҶӻ׷ɱǣ
ЩŵĻս˫Ŀ
ԭʮֵҶİΣļ٣˿ָҶʺҶϿۣܲ

սŭ⣬Щ׷޵ͰҵȻˬҲ޷
桢˼峤÷ͻƽ峤޵˹׷üͷϾԵ֮ɫ
ǣ׺Ҳһ֮ɫ
ҶչֳʵȻǸеޣ޷ԤϽ֮еʲôΣգ޷ġ
ʧҶСȫԼֲñˣ
׺ҶΣͬʱһ񶾵
ǽأ
һ̣С˵־һ㣬ǽһֻ




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ΪҶչֳǿʵ;ޱ֣ʮֵҶպɳҵ鷳ΪˣҶ˽֮һֱڴڴҶأ
ʮȥˣҶ˺Ѷ˶ΪҶ˳ˣеĵǵȻ޴棬ȡ֮˷ܣ
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ҶֻҪزۣ˳سɳȥպԿԳΪĿߡ
һսҶ棡
٣Сҿʧķˡʱˣ㻹СţһЦ
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ԪŭֹȻվһ֣һ˺ɫĴꪳУʱݣս
üˣȻִԲ򣬷ҪҶСӳͷǾͱѵѵˣ˳Ҳȥϵܽһ
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ڻʰ¹˹˹֣Ȼϥڵϣ׼Ŀ֮³أٶȴﵽս񾳽硣




820 ҪˣҪʬ
ϿԭԪͱȱĵطŨǴʥй¶Ԫ
ʱڹϼ̳ԶĵطԪŨ߲ϼһš
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пģΪаȼһսȴӵ쾳ΪпͨΪֵĺʽͷޣ
ааҪˣ

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ҪΪȻǱճ
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ǰʱȥˣǰľʯ޺˷׷ױѣʧȥԭļֵ̺Ԫױˡ
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ս˻ȴͷۣɹ̵ˮ¡
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ͬʱͣ½Ųüųһİӹɡ
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ԣų˺üӣû˵ʲôת̳
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󷨴߶â˸ŨԪʥй¶ڹϵļ̳Ͽա
Ż
ʥؿ׳ıӰ
ûлӦ͵ֱͦˣһţ




821 ͻ
Ϊһ̽ѰҶķʽͻƳս񾳣ʥأֳ󲿷ֵ˸е岻ѡ
սɪǡҹں˱Ҳһȥģнʮʹࡣ
ৡ
ĳսλʥغײͣӶ˫֣ٴд󷨡
ʥ֮У˸ո㱻һâУֱʧٴγ֣ѵ˾ʥء
Դˣ˲ûиеκ⡪ǽʥأɲΪ˻ɱ޶ΪѰҶ˵䡣
ʥز̫Ƶʥɽۣһ۱㿴ˣ˵㳯ʥɽǰ
ĳսҲȻ
ͬʱʥ֮⣬׺ٴγŷд󷨡
Ƭ֮󣬷Ϲâ˸ͶӰ֡
һΣֵ
˵עУɫһ·񱼣ٶȼ죬;սޣȫӣֱƾٶ˦
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ˣϵͶӰٴʧ

޷˵߽˽Уײɵа̾һʣԼֲΣѰԼͽܵľٶ
ΪƨɾԴ
ݡλˣһעΪԼ
桢÷塢޵˹˿ԼĳսҲʥأڰյ΢һЩ
ѾĴ㣬Ծ漣ķ޵ͰûֻʱҲ뿪ص·
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Ц촽ɱȻҵҶǰնаʺŮͽܣȨϢˣ




822 ëķ˲缦
ڽһСɽȣȫʽģֻһѵСͨɽ֮⣬СҲˡ
ɽвݳݺɣ裬һɰ͵Ϣ滨ޡ
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ŮԴӻɱǸ֪Ķ޺Ҷɽбչسнս񾳽硣
ոһգ˶УϵѹԼڵֱսºʽнս񾳡
Унս񾳵ı־Ҳĳ̶ֳϷӳнս񾳺ͳս񾳵Ĳͬ
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һҪһȫĵط˻ͻƹУҪоһ˴ţ룬ҳʧܣ߻ħһΪȫޣбԪŵñ
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ҵĻпݻ٣һһΪȫޣΪһˣ

Լľﵽ״̬Ѹٽڤ룬޺֮еתΪȻѹ
ת֮е޼ʱųԽ֮С
һΣΣΡ
һΣÿһζʧܸգ
ȴһҲ١
Ϊнս񾳽ôͻƵĻǾͲֵǮˡ
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·磬ȴûͻȻŭһ
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ҶдˣȻһֻнսеߡ
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ڻϹʱڣкܶ˼ľѧڸ
ȻʱıǨϵԪϡܶഫжûʷĳ֮С
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836 ٶ
طΪشͱԵشֵط˵ûκηֽߣǶ˵ȴķˮ롣
صıԵشнսޣǵĻܼһЩսޡ
ش߽ս޿ʼˣнս޸ձ飬սѾʧȥĻᡣ
ԽشԽǻδĺʱһ㣬˵Ҳҵټ
޵ⴳ߽ս޵ĵֻ̣ǻŲ·üͷӬһһͷ˸߽ս޵Ļ
ҶһԼɱнսӦû⣬߽սޣ¾Ͳôˡ
Ǹ߽սͿǣ֮Բ̻࣬Ҫߡ
ҪĻʵ߽ս޵ʵԲеĳǿ١
ҵ˸߽սޣȻӵ似޼ʹ޼ܹͬɱߡ
߽սҲԼϣԲκ˻޴Լĵ̡
߽ս޶⼫ǿʶУһһж˵㡣
޵Ҷ˾Ȼһͷ߽ս޵Уֻ߽ս޶ʱŭ
û鷢ֻһͷС۾˿ͬʱʶķʽ˺ʡ
߾СӣȻôүĵ̣õ
ҶһͬʱЦã߽սҲ̫˰ɣ߽սޣƦӣ˵Ŀսһƴ
޵Ҳ𻰣Ϊڵ̫ˣʩչָ߶˵Ķ
ƴĴ߶Źս׼ƹ߽ս޼Ӷݣڵ˵߽սˣнսҲɽ˺ˡ
ҶҲûлشî˾޵׷ȥҪնɱԼκκ󻼡
߾أˣϷ˵أȥϷ׷Ը
Ǹ߽ս޷Ź޵Ҷɹͬʱʶķʽȥ
޵۾סҶսܵһǿѹѹ׷ŭʱɢһ㡣
Ҷͣ˼һᣬ޵ƴӶݣʱʧʡ
Ҷ֪׷ȥҲûʲôˣʱھ׷ˣҲԸ˵һǿ׵ĸ߽սޡ
ڵΪ߽սɱѣȨһ֮Ҷˡ
һԭѡ˻ȥǾͳ˻ԭصһʲô¹ʣʱԼھˡ
֮ͨҶϵͷ·ȥֻ߽սҲû׷ϣǼſɽ˯
޵նյø߽սްҶ׷ɱַϰðȫͣҸط΢Ϣһ¡
ڸղŵĴսУҲˣ͸֧أҪҸȫĵط΢ָһ£ڵԼ̫Σˡ
뵽޵һû̾ɽͷֱϥĬĬ
ʱ޵վһ壬ʱѾָһЩҲ˲٣Ծɲܽдս
ӴսڣѾкüʱûгκζˣ޵Ū㶫
Ȼ磬첻ԲҲû£貹һ̫ˡ
ܿ죬޵һֻͨҰãʮأ˶ĺܣ㹻һˡ
ҲûʲôҰļܣֻ֪ˣֱɽСϪտҰá
޵ҲǷ͸ˣץһֻȱ
ţͻȻǰһһߴӰվǰ޵̧һȻǰ
ֻҲѾͻˣﵽнս񾳽磬һɱԼ
޵һݣ֪ɵԼᱦģǵĽеûһ˿Ĺͷӵˣ˵ɱɣȻˣɱûпܵġ
âȻţ˺ܾãŻɱ⡣
ղ˺ܶ࣬޵˵ûȻˣҪɱҲǼ׵£Ϊó޵ҲѾͻˣĿǰԼһҲнսΪ
Ҫǣ޵ззս㲻ҲܽսߣԼûκλᡣ
ɱ⣬޵ҲģղҲΪţһһеĶԼ֣ԼҪˡ
ҪǣԼСžţһ֣֮Ĺϵͳˡ
֮󣬰޵棬һȿϰ߳ʳЩ߳죬Ѫ˿ʳĿζ
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޵Ҷͻ֮ķɵɱֲֿľе£Լһͻᵱ
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ã
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޵йսܶ࣬ԼȴûУ޵ˣԼаһȻ޳ˡ
ŶˣһǸ˵ˣһɰѾˡ
޵ԼҶӵлƽ˵һ£˵ԼĲ²⡣
ʣĲ²ȷģҿѾˣԲὫƽģǻƽ޵ļ߼֮һΨһķз
Ͽ϶޵Ĳ²⣬ͬʱ겻ѣ֮УҵΪ޼
ذҶʱҲѾͻˣԾɱҶնɱˣҶֱֲ̫ˡ
˵䣬˱㽫һֻʮҰøɵˣԹֱ֮СϪϴ˰֣˽Уȥ
еаţ޷ӽĵطȥҼţȻطԳȥңһҵ·ġ
޵һһ򰲶˵ѾնɱҶˣֻϣҵ·߳أǿɲһӱΪ顣


837 
дɱģʱпһЩǿޣЩ޾ȻԼϢ˲עǷһ
ӦģеԪҲŨ˲֪ٱҩ洦ɼһЩݵҩ
Ҷҵ˵ʱ򣬳Ѿָ˴룬ԪڲҩЧʱҪá
Сôɱ޵𣿡
ҶԶԼƣϽӭʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ޵ߣ´ɱˣΪȻԼûʮɰ֮ǰԼ档
ûϵҶȻûɱȴѾ˲սʤӣˣͻƣҽΪͻˣΪûͻƣһΪҲͻˣնɱֵ
һ԰οΪԹߣҶĸΪܹ֮Χһ˵ķӦӳԼС
޵ѡߵһ̣ʵѾˣԶİܸҶⱲҲûзĻˡ
磬ͲֻƴսˣƴǸ߲εĶһӣϽעˣô֪
ҶͷͬĻҲ֪޵μȻѡߣôѾûսԼʸˡ
ϢһҶٴΰָһƣϸԭ֮ٴ·ȥ
ޱߣɽȱȽǣٻʸʯϣ߲ϣû·
ҶֻܼҶɵһ·նΪλŮǰ䵱ȷ棬ִֻܲ߳ɣ
ɽ֮һЩ֪Ķޣ޵ʲôϾ֣߽սޣҲԱġ
Щȴǳ֣ڲޣǻûжΪ£Ҷδǰǡ
Щ治ⶾңҪޱȣֲͳȻǿߣŮˣֻҪŮûвֶ汾ܵĸо־ġ
Ȼֿ·ĹҶϡ
һޣֻҪ̫ǿ󣬻нսе߰ҶὫֵĻøŮˣǻʵս顣
ŮҲ۶ôǿޣĬ¶ܿɵֹһͷ޵£Ҷײ֡
Ů֪ҶҪΪҪͻƵнսҪ޺ˣɱ𾢣ΪҶ㹻޺ˡ
һеȴùˣŮɷǣͽ͵ķ֮⣬ֻܹԹԵطԼ޺ˡ
ҶԼҲʱʱĶֻɱһЩǿޣΪŮһѹ
ڽʲôȱΨȱޣ޶Լ츳ı죬ÿһΣ˶ҪһĲɱ˳Ľնɱ
Сƨܶ޺ˣͻõ𣿡
նɱһ˫ͷ֮󣬳Ҷʵ
ʱ·ϵѪʪʪָɣһҪϴһ裬Ǵ̱ǵѪζʵܲˡ
ҲһȻʱԶ޽׵·Ծⲻ˽Ѫ
Ǻǣ㣬ˣ϶أҶ粻սȥġ
Ҷû˵ǰ˵
̾˿治֪ÿŴ̼ҪʲôʱЩˡ
С̣ɲ㣬ҹҲͻûԶˣʵսʵҪûˣᣬúĥһԼӦΣ
ҶԼҲÿ춼ɱжȹ𣬵ȴûκΰ취ֻѡܡ
غаţĳֽƣֻܽȴȥ
ҶģȻʥУôؾһгȥİ취ֻĿǰǻûҵȥİ취ѡ
ڽصΧûκϣģôϣͱȻڽصشֻͨпĿ飬˳Ĵӽгȥ
ЦȴôҲЦֻĬȻĽʵΪɱ޶Ŭš
ϵĲɱ˵ʵսǣѾȫĻκһͬˡ
Ȼ㣬Ѿнս񾳽ߣ޵Ļ»ǷǳΣյġ
ʱһȥǻɱԽԽ࣬Ҳջһſ޺˵ͬʱš
ҶΪ˻ͦϥ
Ҫͻƣƾ޺ԶԶģΪ߲ҪģոͻƣҪʱ̣һСĵЦɾͿˡ
ΪȫѵģûʲôЧĹ
Ҳǵʿ̫ٵԵʣҶҲɽķ߲ʮѷɵݺᷭɣһϰзһԼľٵĵ
ûнݾߣûһϵͳĹȴһ취Ǿġ
Ĺ֮˯һþȻָֻҪָˣͻм
ոһգԽԽˣҲԽԽǿʱֲܽնɱ
޺˵ƷҲԽԽˣǿޣ޺˵ƷȻҲ
أѾصĸأλҲ̫Զˡ
һλɱһͷнеİ֮˾Ϣһްٽų糡磬˼ûƬ̲ڽŵսжȹģƣ
ҶȻٴγ䵱˳ʦɫܿŪһЩɿڵʳλŮá
ϧͳʵ۵̫ˣڵϾͲʳ޷´
С̣ˣԵ㶫ɡ
ҶΣֻСһŮԵ㶫
ʱҶһ̧ͷͻȻԶǰһɽͷϼ죬·ʲôҪһ㡣
ţ
ҶȻվ˫ĿԶɽͷȥֻķ·ʲôҪ򲻿ܳ
ͳ˱Ҷĥߴ䣬ͻȻ飬ǿ˾ŮӣŮ˲һµҶĿעӵķȥ
һ֮£˶ʱһ۷Ź˵ϼб죬ҪϹȥñ˽ȵˡ
˵ţһȣԶĻһ鿾ĽƵĿ⣬һ߳һϼֵɽͷȥ
Ҷ˶һۣҲϽõĿ׷˹ȥ
ͬʱһ޵ͰҲɽͷ󣬶һۣӱ˴˵ж˾ϲ̰
б϶ͬСɣܹı綼ûаɣ
ƺƲģ˶ʲôĹˣһ֮󣬼ͬʱɽͷ
ƽ˭˭ġһһ޵˵
ãȵã֮ǰҪȱȱٶˡ
޵һЦչһϼֵɽͷȥ
ҲʾϾֻܿһ˭õ־˭ģȻ󣬷ٶȺ޵£




838 Ⱥս 
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ɽ˺Ȼ֣ɽ۴ȻһʽϵĹ
˸˸ϼӹĸ϶з·ϼ֮һ㣬ضֲɣ
˱ˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ƭص뾹ȻһΪ˵ʲô
Ƭ̣˲ȺȻϼǴӷзģôʣȻڹеĳһط
޵һԲֱɽȥٶȱ֮ղŻҪһߣʾѾƴˡ
ȻҲ󣬼ƴ˳̵ľ׷޵Ĳǰǰ
ɽ¿ʱ򲢲жôߴ󣬲վǰʱŷ֣ΰ׳ۣµĲɣС
̫ΰˣȻܹ˽нһΰıֱ˼顣
޵Եķ̾ĽϿӦǻĹ˽ġ
ʲôоǻĵʷ͹Ļҷ֣ǻкܶҰʷʹ˵жһЩͨ쳹صĴͨˣЩҰʷصĶĵĻЩ˵ͨڽнһı¡
ĺ˵ķǳûκɬĸоɼҲ¹๦ģԻĹĻ˽ĺܶ࣬Ҳϸ
޵ͷû˵ǰܶ˶ΪǶǴ˵ʵЩƾģڣߵ֮˭˵ЩֻǴ˵أҲڹŴĵȷȷڹһҲδ֪
˸ϵͬʱҶ˼ǰҲеɽڶ
޵Ͱ˾ȻһҶ˿Ϊ֣ûһŽء
ҶҲɽ鰲ͬʱпһ£˶֪ܽҶնɱ߸ߵĻ˭Ҳܽõ
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Ҷͳ֪ͬ顢˸ߵĻҲԲܽѰ
£սƺѾǲɱˣҶһ˴ս׼ͬҲս׼
Щ˵սɺ;ǣȻԵλľţ˭Ҳûеӡ
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ҶһЦΪˣýһˣһȥˡ
ôĿҲ·ͷ
Цһ޵˸ɫսз䱦
˵ţһѾҶ˹ȥעȭһҶŴȥ
ͬʱҲھҶķɵɱϾ޵˵ҶΪҲѾͻƵнսľ磬򲻿ɴ⡣
ڰֵһɲǣ޵ХһɫǹûһƬǹӰǹâҲҶɱȥ
ҶвֻҪҶʣµͳ˸Լڲ
ĵӣϴһʥĹâܹŮŪһ˵Īĳɾ͡
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ڳʮ£˵ʱ򣬶ħĳƺţĻ֮Ůˣɾ͸ҲǷǳġ
֪Ҷǿ޵һ־ɱУûа˽ȫԸһǹֱӽҶΧĿˡ
ͬʱ԰ҲΪʱˣԾʵûóǿս
ҶȻһЦһȭѪںһ𣬻Ŀȭâ
ΧԪ·ܵĳصһ㣬˲ȭâ£γһʵȭâ
Ѫ
ҶһȭʵѾǿĹȭâ˺ѿͰȭݺݵײһ
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ͬʱͳĽâȺӭ޵ǹâҪҶһ
ͣ
죬·ͬʱһ㣬޵ǹһ˵ıȫˣҲʧȥ˹ҶĻᡣ
ͬһ̣ҶɳһɵһɳĴ۵âڶǹӰҵӣݺݵײǹϡ
Ҷ΢΢һΣϸֳһƬ죬漴ָ޵鲻Խıɿ͵ײһ
һ֮ڣУȻͳ˵İҶһжԾռϷ磬˴оȡ
ǰĲΪԼ̫ˣԲűҶɹʵԼԲҶ
޵ȥԸŮģս
˵䣬ԼĳһڳһŹֵƣָҶ
޵һ£漴ǹˣҶøղŵԼһµͳ˿ȥ
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ûпֱӽ׻ƶӹ֪Լʵ޵ûʲôĻ½Բֹۡ
׻ƶ˳֮ҶĶŰְɣҿʱ便ʲôĳ
֪
һֳֵ֣ббĻһâݺҶļͷնȥ
һ൱ƯΪǺɨҶпܶȥһбȴô׶ģΨкһ;
ֻҪҶһˣǣ£糤һ಻һһֱҶնڵ¡
ԣֹҶԲܺˣֻӲнսߵȫһɲô׵ֵġ
һԷ֣ҶϾжϳ˰ͼͲٴηɳһѷɵԷɽʽ⡯߶
ݡ
аƴķɵһɵâӭŰĵâײȥ
˵ҶķɵͰĳͲһĵϣǴ˿ȴͶԷͬâԵâԵâ
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ɱ
ɱ
˴Ķͬ⣬սپһ֮˲ԼͬԷȥ
ͬʱ
ͳҲӭ޵




839 Ⱥս 


ͳ˷һֱǿɱС
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ɱ
޵һ˲ͱǹǹâХͽâ
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һ̾촫籩ϯķͳƾɹֵס޵Ĺ
޵Ȼǿ󣬵ҲнսߣѧΨһͽܣϰҲǿȹ칦ġṦ
һƴսҲǾ˵ģ
ȻûͻƣѵͻƵıԵʵʺɱޣϵ޷죡
ο˶ǿķ
ҲҶǺ޵սԭ
飡飡飡
һʱ䣬첻ϴӰ˷شսһ
ͳıãһһأһʱ䵹޵ͽκΣƲ˵֡
ʱ֪Լ̫ˣԭΪƾԼʵͳСһû뵽ŷȫô¡
ÿҵ͹ʱ׻ƶƣԼƫƫƲ׻ƶķһʱսȻ˽״̬
ʱҶͰսһҶ˷ɵɱðȭӭУӲԷı
ĵϬǳܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ƺҪ󼫸ߣһ־Ҫ֮⣬͵ض
ҶҲһҪĴ򷨣˺ݵһȥˡ
ˢ
һ£ĵâѿҶͬʱҶźȭ׵ȭ԰ȭеĲѪӭͬʱϢ߳һš
һţΪ˱Էǰ֪ҶȫõϢûд˿ķ
Ҳͬ⣬ڳͺȭײһɲǣһȺɨȥͼҶ˫ɨϡ
飡
˵Ľײһ𣬵ǰǺɨҶȡ̵ֱ߳ȥģǰԼĽҶȥߣʱ˸ƿ
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ˣҲǽһʹվˣæ˻ȥºҶ룡
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ʱ򣬰Ȼ֣ԼȻܶܣ·𶯲һ㣬ǿһӣܿĿҪ
䡭
ȭâֱӴ˰Ļϣ֧˰ӱ㱻ݿ壬ݺݵĺϡ
ۣ
ʱһѪ𲻶ֵܹѷεȭâͬʱ׵ȥ
ֱʱ֪޵˵ôȷҶѧΪûͻƵнս񾳾һͻˣͬнҲûĶˣ
ϧ֪Ѿ̫ˣеת˺ܶβŽǹɴѷεȭâˣ붯ּǲܵġ
ۿҶиϾɱ˼Ҳͣȥ׵ӣֱʩչ似һ˲ڱû֮ززˡ
Ҷûȥ׷ֱת޵ȥʱ޵ں˴սѾȵռϷ磬ֻʱ⡣
Ȼ
ʱ򣬰ȻסҶĹˣ
һĻ޵޵ҧƻʰͳͿתͷͰһлҶˣû뵽ӣһ
Ȼ޵޵Ҷ룬һʤ㶼ûУɡ

ܵв£޵ǰδеǱһ۰£ɫǹûǹâͳ˱ˣͬʱҶһǴն
ҶӦԵʱ򣬼սգۼӵֻʣһСڵˡ
һսƼ򵥣ʵ쳣ҶͳֻҪκһסԷ͹ܣôһҲǱɡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬˲ѪҲͻƵнս񾳣Ҫ˰޵˾ܡ
ͳҲһ¡޵ǽǻ˻׽ҪЮҶǱҶԼܷסҶһлĺ˵
ǿϢһ£ϽȥѰұţǲ̫Զ϶עߵĶ
˵꣬Ҷվǰߵķȥ
Ҷûв´޵Ͱûӵ̫Զһɽͷı̽ͷ̽Ե
п϶бǵĹʶȻ޷õܿʲôҲá
˻ڴᱦͷֻҪﲻҶϣ˾ֵĻᡣ
ͳ˾һսҲܴȻߣԾҶĻֱڵ˹ָһʵ
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ĵҶƻ㣬оԵʵԽ۷Ҷɻܡ

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С̣Ҿչһʱ䣬úһЩ֪ʶϣܹջǿڸɱһЩޣսԼʵսͶĿơ
ҶԼĴ˵һ£Ůʾ޳ɣҲΨҶϣͨأûκϣġ
£Ҷɱһͷнսޣ˾ͨһͷ޼Ѿܾˣ˻ûгԶһֱս͵жȹ
Ա֮Ҷֱͨһ㣬Ѿͨ˵һĿ飬ԵһȻٳˡ
Ҷչʱ޵Ͱһ·նɱͷޣȡ˴޺ˣڽĳɽǻ
һ죬дһͷ߽ս޵ĵֻ̣޷ˣһ׷˹
֪֪֮ƾԼĿǰΪ͸߽սսŰһսһʹ似֮ززˡ
ֻ߽ս׷˰˰ŵ˲ɢϧȼ߶зͷ似ٶȡ
ڣ׷ɱһǧֻ߽֮ս޿ʵ׷ˣҲԼĵб֣㬵Ļȥˡ
Ȼֻ߽սѾ׷ˣ˻Ƿһξ֮һɽͷͣ
ڵ֮˺Ϣ˰ŻҲ֪Լɵʲôط
ժһЩҰ伢֮ͻȻɽͷһһԨ·ʲôˡ
ȥ
ͬʱ˾ٴԨзȥ
ʱѾµԨĵײȥԨб滨ݣȴûҩƢȻʢźܶ໨䣬ȴһ˿ҲûС
ʲôط
˷ǳƣû뵽оȻڣеĻ䶼Ƿǳ׵ѩѪ졣
Сĵ㣬ֲпܶо綾ǧҪȥ
޵򰲶һͬʱ˸оٻĸоǿˣͬʱ򷢳ٻĵطȥ
һӺԨзһƵĹƲˣȴԾûе
ôֹأ
˴ɻ򹬵ȥֻеʬ壬˵ţЩ֫Ѿֿˣɼսôҡ
Щʬͻ˰׹ǣ߹ȥһЩ΢磬Щ׹˲仯˹ǷۣʲôҲϲˡ
һ˾ͷڴһԼһ׵ļ̨̨ΧĺǸࡣ
޵ֱϼ̨ڼ̨Ͽ̻ŷĻƣл棬зޣһЩ˿Ĺ
ȻǻͨЩҲɵˣѹͲ֪ǸʲôõģҲȷˣڤڤٻԼľаŵļ̨
֣ĻˣʣⶫǻĹģ֪ⶫǸʲôô
ǳ޵̣֪ԼĽЩصĻĹĻǰԼǸСѧСѧ磬̬ŵúܵ͡
޵šüϸ˰죬ſ˵üĿòȷ˵һ󣬵ǲ֪Ŀĵ
󣿡
ۣ֣ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹˼Ц
޵üͷûпЦ̳пǴ󡪡㲻ҪôʥصģȻдΪʲôУ
˵ˣѾ޷ԭ·߳أôôܳȥȥأȻĳִǴͳȥ
޵ôһ˵ҲĶˣڽʱѾˣ裬ҪãڴˣȻϣȥ
Ķ֮࣬侲ʵмɰգ
޵Цбİ취ȥȻҲҪ㣬ɾûˣǲǣǶҪһ¡
˵꣬޵ᰲϸϸо
Ҫģ޷ת
ʱ޵ԼĹĻ֪ʶһЩصĵط̳̻һͼΣЩͼз·иɺ˵Ѫ
ѵҪѪſԣ
޵Ķʱ԰˵ȥɱһͷû˵ģԽԽá
֪޵ҪʲôǿһصӣȻҲȥ
˵ɱһͷнս޲ѣ޵Ҳ٣ӣ㿸һֻ޻ˡ
һţ޵ͷ޾ȻţɵĴϲæֻ޵ĶѪܸˣѪڰͼϡ




844 ɢҥԣƭȡ
һֻ޵ѪǺܶģǼ̨ϵİͼ·޵׶һ㣬޵Ѫ
Ƭ̹󣬵޵ѪʱͼмҲת
жǶԵģƺ߶ˣ
һĻǳ޵Ķˣ⻹һ۴͵Ҳȴطá
Ȼ
תһ֮ȻٶȿʼˣԭİԷҲðˡ
ãѪ죬ҲŵѪԿ
޵ɫһ䣬˵䣬ֱôǹǹϻһ£Ѫ˿ڰͼϡ
ҲԼĳһսȭͷѪָе
˵Ѫ룬ͼٴҲԽתԽ죬ΧķҲԽԽȻ˼̨ڰпʼת
ꡪ
ͻȻһ촫ϵļ̳ʼѡ
ѵʧˣ
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޵ͰȻǰһڣʧȥ֪ٴѹʱŷ֣Լһǰѩɽͷϡ
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Ĵɨһ£˺Ȼ֣ԶɽͷǱϿȵɽͷ
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޵Ͱϲ⣬һսһʹ似һ򱱺Ͽȷȥ
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֮׻֯ĳϣҲҡ˼ͻƽǿߣһЩһʱ֪ߡ
֮⣬սɪǡҹںˡ
ҡ˼ͻƽǿߣֱ޵ͰҵĸףվһɫĮɢǿϢη
У޵ĸ鳤ʵǿ˸߽սֻ꣬Ѿ̤˶ս
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ৡ
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ܿ죬鳤Ϊ׵˿СڵڼٳűϿȷ
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ף
֮У޵ͰҲ˸ԵĸףԵ쳣
ڽﱻҶ׷ɱ߽ս޵׷ɱνǾһ
ۿ޵Ͱ˷ǵ𣬶Ҿͻнս񾳣鳤˾ǳ˿Ц档
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ʱҵĸֱɵУ޵ͰԼٵʵ
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ͬʱ޵һͻȻڵǵģĶ˻аʵĵС
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ȻѾµ޵ѵĿģû޵ԲѸһЩ
֮вднսޣи߽սޣǳաǶǱ߽սɱġ
޵治ɫٵ˵ҺͰҲ˸߽սޣһ·׷ɱȼ߶зͷ似ŽдһԨУԨзһƵļ̨Ǳҽ̬ȣðմ߶Ǹ̳֮󣬱˳
Ҷ𣿡
սɪǡҹںͷһ񾼾ؿ޵Ͱˣͼ˵ıпЩ˵ݼ̫ˣû¶κ
ǶܻųҲҶӻڽ
սˣ˫ȭʮֵļȫ޷ҶڽϢ
Ҳţ
ɪǡҹںҲԼͬؿڸ͡
޵ԣһЦȴû˵ʲôǺͰһۣǷ·˵ǱĽǣ
ղɫ
Ƭ֮鳤硢˴޵Ͱ뿪˱ϿȣɭҲߵȥˡ
ǵȥЩȴҲ׷ȥֻսɪǡҹں
ͬ˵ǼҶûҪҶ

޵ͰŴӽгˣ
аʵȫ˽֮У
죬Ϣǲ˳һѸٴȫ磬˾
Ȼ޵ͰܹӳΪаʺҶʦͽûӳ
ҲаʺҶʦͽ˻
޵ͰܹΪӵмƷ߼зͷ似

ҶصϢ󣬺ܿȫ飬ΪûΪˡ
Уռ˴
ͬʱ׻֯ܲ
վڴߣԶգһ
Ѿվʱˡ׻֯Ͽе֪ҶȥϢʱվ
塭
ͻȻ绰ڰİ칫Ե쳣̶
״ӳ˼лعüͷߵ칫ǰ绰
죬鳤磬ѯǱĽʲôʱ򷢷š绰ͷһ׻֯Աػ㱨

ԣһüͷɿ
صңҶȲѡĿǰ䲻Ǳݲţ巢ŷսϻ
˵⣬֪ͨս˸ŵٿƵ飬Ǳŷ
ǣ죡
ž
µĴ𸴣ûٶ˵ʲôֱӹҵ˵绰Ȼٴߵߡ
Ҳˡ
ٴվڴߣԶСд˵ˣܾȥ




845 
޵ͰŴӽ߳ĵڶ죬֯ս˵ĸٿר飬оǱŷ
о޵Ͱ˵ҶҡĲѡ˽֮У֤ݣݲš֮Ҷ˻֣Ǳ޵Ͱ˹Ϸ֡
һٴ顣
Ҷ𣿣
˶ںһ㡣

ͬʱ֮С
໺𡭡
ͨһɽУϻصһ˻Եø
з·ûļ֣֮Զﻨļڣ㡣
ɱ
һ߳˫ֻûһԴ׾ݺݵǰһͷڸ翹ȥ
ӭ籩ǣֱͷ޵ϣ׳ĸϵ˲˳޵ȥ
һۿɱ˳Ÿ͹ȥƬ̣ͷޱ㳹ˡ
һ֣ϷɻʧߣԼսʧ˲㲹
ĽĿһۣѾǵһηˣԴҶչ֮˱Χչɱ
սУԽԽĬЧҲԽԽãнսмûӹֲɱġ
һҲ֮սģĸϵԴϵκη϶ȥ
Ƚϵմ֮㽫ٻյһСֲ֪٣ʣµĶ
֮սĥһߵ־ʵԼĲٿġ
ȻԾûͻƵ˼ǾʱսʵȴҲһ൱ߡ
ȻսпٵԼʵսļ޵Ҳһƴ֮ˡ
ڹȥ˶ڽŵսжȹȻջҲǺܿ͹۵ģǻ˴޺ˡ
Щ޺˶ΪҶ׼ģǿҶҪսʤĸ߽սޣͱҪΪͻƵнս񾳣򼸺ûκϣ
ҶҲʱ䣬ֲ꡵͸ţû㹻޺˵£ҪͻΪǲܵģȴԽΪһ¡
ͨʱҶҲΪս񾳴Բľ磬ֻһͻƵнսˡ
⣬ڸѹķҲһδβϵҵһЩš
ڲʹ似ǰ£Ҷȫһھѹ֮ͨȭͷȥȻܹڡɷ졯
ҶĴͬʱҲԴʵһʶ߽ս治Ǹǵģʵƿֲ
ȻҶѾѹǶϴԾûʲôգΪʵ˵ɲ⡣
ͬһͨͨѹķʽϣͬҲ֮ϣҲŽѹ
ѹ£ҶɵٿظԲת磬ҲҶսʤһЩġ
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վɽ۵һյϣҶһȭµĴϴȥһɵ
γɵȭâȻڴϣشһ׵Ĵӣʯҷɡ
ţҶٴһȴȭͷѹһ£һֱо޷ѹˣźȻȥ
䡭
һ죬ҶȻ֣ϳһȭͷ󣬵ȴ׵ףڼе²ɱδѹ֮ǰҪࡣ
Ҷڸһ̽һȭͷĶж
һ֮£ҶԼˣȻʮףɼѹǿ
Զɽɱ޵ͳ֮ϸ˻Ҷһȭɵƻ𾪵ӲڵϣҲֲ̫˰ɣ
Сƨ򣿡գ۾ʵ
š
Ҷ˵ͷͨͨͷ߽ս޵ѣԽѹһǿԳԸһ
ԣǰһ
ҸоԼѾƿʱٴͨˡҶ˵
ҶҺСʱ˲޺ˣӦùѧΪнսˡسɹٴͨɣɹʸһЩ
ҵѧΪδս£ͻнս񾳲̫áߣеʵأҲѵõĥû׼µջ񡣡
ҶҡͷĽ顣
Ҷľûκ顣
Ҷһֻ޺ͳ֮ٴνͨС
ΪҶ֮ǰѾɹͨͨǰ㣬Ϊˣֱ֮ͨӱ͵˵㡣
ɣˣ
Ҷվڵڴ˵
ҶĻǰ治ԶĿյϰ׹һˣҶһۣСӣְɣҿʱʲô
Ҷһ˿ΪӶŭΪ֪ԼԽսܷͨҲûס
ˣ
Ҷһɽʽ˲̳Ҷɵųĵâƿռ䣬ͻأسڴʺ
ͬʱҶ԰ȭеĵڶʽѪеԪ˲䱻չ뵽ȭâУݺݵȥ
ף
ĿҶȻôѹǰ;
˵䣬ſڷһ޴ӲҶķɵɱˣͬʱ̧һֻǰצֱХȭâ
䡪
һ죬ȭâһצ飬䣬ǽں͵˺ۼ
ҲӲӡ֤ҶʱĽĹǿ
ֻʵĻԾ޷ͨ飬ǻȥɣҲҪΪͻƵнս
Ȼ˵ҶѾӣߵ٣Ҷͷһ
һûȫأ
һ޹Ҷ٣ղδʹѹļɣͬһǰ֡
һתаҪһﶯУûκԼȻҲûлὫܡ
Сˣ
Ҷ˲絶ǰһٴλһȭͬʱķɵҶɵҶĿ£ٴ۾ȥ
â˸̵ô۾
һΣҶʹѹļɣ
һݣ˿̵ҶȻѹ
ѹ֣Ҳ̫⣬ſϼһâɵײȥ
ৣ
ͬʱó޼һצҶİȭӭ
䣡
һ죬Ҷ߰˲ֱǽϲͣ
Ҳֱӷ˸ڵϴ˸ǱվѽʧȥԭĴݡ
ôҲû뵽ҶȻô㽫ѹˣһȭȵһǿ֮ࡣ
СˣȻҳֵʵôҾͲˣ
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Ҷһǽһţڵһȥ˫ȭԴѹ֮ǿһ
Ȼһ˫צҲʹ޼ֻһԴγɵצӭҶһȭâ
𡭡
ͬʱҶһһһüĴȥ
ҲʾͬһػԴͬʱ˫Ǽ״Ĺâ
Ҷ󾪣˵ǿԽʯģɲա
Ҷûоʧ룬˫˲˳ɫâ˫ȥ

Ҷɫ߶
ΪѾͻнս񾳣Ʒ߽սʿȣ಻
û뵽ҶɱﵣһʱҶʶɲǼ侫һ㱣
ȻһɲǵĻ㱣Ѿ㹻ˣʧȥ˶Ҷƫˡ
䣡
Ҷȭâʹ޼ײһײ˲õ̻
ǿĹͨ·ζ˼£Ҷɶֱײǽϣ
Ҳ˼ͷҶг𾪡ҶĽ
ҹĿ࿴ŹȥãʵȻô죬Ҫóǿսܽϳȥˡ
ζһ˶Դ
Ϊ
ǸҶʸĶ֣




846 ˳
޴ˣǿֲ޼ѹҶӾ졣
óǿս֮󣬴·һͷľһ㣬巢һɿֲϢצҶ˹ȥ
Ҷһҧ˲佫Լȼ֪ԼóǿսƴĻ߽ս޻ֻ˲ѡ
ȼҶս߰һľһ̣ƴһսսҲҪͨ顣
ΪҶ֪ͨнƣصǾԲģǰһɲǾͻᱻȥܹסС
Ϊûк֮ǣҶڽԼǱܱƳԾȭνá
ȭƺΪһ㣬ܹԷӵ£
ɱ
Ҷ·صнսеİսʱĳȫһͬھĴ򷨣
Сӣ
һȻҲǲ֮ҶַĹҲһ
ʵʵ̫ǿˣһצҶĹȥʵצҶͷȥ
Ҷӻһ磬ֱȥҪʹչⲫ
һȭıͷȥκһޣӺ۾ҪڣҶ֮ûѡ񹥻۾Ϊ۾ģҲκﶼʶȥĵط׵֣
ߣ
һߣӭҶȭͷȼҶսɱѹѾﵽһֲĳ̶ȡ
䡱һɢˣݺݵشıͷϡ
ͬʱצҲҶļͷֱӽķɳȥ
໡
һҽУύӣ۾ҲģӱУȻǸ߽սҲܲˡ
ҶҲǰӼˣ߼ƺˣһʹӲһ亹
ѪתҶʱ˴룬ǿʹٴ˹ȥͬʱԷɽеĵʽ⡱ŷɵٴȥ
ӣֱǷӣ
һӵҶУҶǸӣȫĴ򷨲Ƿʲô
Ҷû˵ʲôȼյѹ֮󣬷·һöʱըһ㣬֪ʲôʱͻը졣
ѹҲһżѹĲûôǿ󣬶ѹ̫ڲըǿɾԼùˡ
һ˾Բ̫ҶȴûⷽĵǣΪľʵ̫ǿˣܹѹĿڱըٽϣ־ԲԼвը
սҶ˵ռ˵ģʾͱ޸ǿǴķ̫˵ĻҶܹƿķˡ
ȻˣҲҶƴĴ򷨸÷ǳǱͱ
һ٣ҶһȻ˴ϣһȭ̫ѨҪͻ
űǰɣȻҵϣŲŪ㣿
ǳΣԭΪҶԲԼĶ֣ȻڵһεʱͲָҶˣû뵽ڶȻôĽܹѷѽ⡣
ܲ˵ľǣҶȻԶԼһԼϿŹԼǿߵһصļ̤
ֱ˫⣬Ҷϼȥͼʯˡ
Ҷͷ⣬֮ͨǰĹ۲죬ҶѾ֣һҪ⹥ʱһ˫ɫǾͻɰɫҪǰס
֪֮ҶȻóѣڴǱɰɫһɲǣҶȭ㵽ˣݺݵϡ
飡
һ죬źȭףҶҲоȭͷۣƺң֮ǷˣȴûĿ꣬ббĴ˱ĵط
ԼһԶǼҶˣʹ飬ֱ˸ͼҶԼıϸ
һֱҶԼϵĻǴ˱ĵλѹûа취Чķ
ҶҲ֪ԼʼڴıϿᣬݺݵĴȭڱѹµһɲȥ
һٿᣬͷۻȻʵǿ󣬵ҲסҶһȭĴ
ڵϴ˸֮󣬴˫ۼôҲû뵽ԭ߾ȻôǿĹ
ɹŭˣԣҲκαȻɱ㣬ȴܹƷζ
ĴŴ˫צһ̧ͬʱ޼һԶѹɵצݺݵҶȥ
죡
ٶȼֱ̫ˣ
ҶûüӦͱˣ˲ɢ˼ܣĵֱǽϡ
һ̣Ҷǿžʹ߷ɵĶȥ
û뵽ҶڱԼȫеͬʱܷʱһǿһƫͷ˶Ҫ÷ɵշɹȥ
꣡
ɵڴϵۼһһİӡһǣ·ʯͷһ㡣

ҶѪˣսﵽ˶㣬֮Ļָﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
һ㷢죬λϵĹɶʱ临ԭħһ㣬˫һ߳ʵʹâ
ףСйŹָ֣̫ˣ
ԭΪҶԼһ֮Բսˣû뵽ȴûһָ֮ơ
ٺ٣ҵҪֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
ҶĻָ־ˣΪҶлʤ
ϾʵţҶľԼ̫࣬ⲻƴֲġ
˲ʹ̧צҶȭâٴ˹ȥ
䣡
һ죬ȭâ޼ײһ𣬷صͨǿĽƱͱǵս촷ۡ
ʱҶҲĸܵ˸߽ս޵ǿȻԼȼսԾɺս
ʱҶԺͻȻһͷȼ
뵽ҶֱӽҲȼ˲˵ٴøֲ˫۴ӽɫ˳ɫͫʶ˳ɫȥˡ
زҶһˣ۽䱸ؿҶû

ҶһȣٴѹļɴѪͬʱŷɵԾüļȥ
Ҷɵϵĵâö˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬·ˣǴȴһܵ˼ȵΣգԥһͬʱ˫Ǽ⣬طɵ
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ģţֱǲҪҪҶأҶɱˣֱǵߵǷǣ
صĻսĶսʱסˣһƿڴ
֣ʡɣûʲô˵ģҧһڣ㻹ܷȥҧ𣿡ɪһȰ
Դӵ֪Ҷ˽Уӱչ߳ɽֱңսʵˡ
ӺҹҲˣǶҶ˽Уսѯ
ԼӵĻԪ̾˿˵ʵҲҶ˽УǰʱȥˣûµĻܹˣһֱûгĲ
үүҼҶ˽УˣҶó漣ģţҲԲ
սԼүүᶨ˵
Ԫһս˵ûҶһڴ漣ˣܶǶΪ޷ˣȴܸ˾ϲ
˵ʲôֱ˵ɡԪ֪Լıӻлû˵˵
ս˿ɪǺӡҹˣᶨĵһȥϿȣҶûǾͿԼˡ
Ԫһ㶣û뵽ԼӱԼҪᶨҶûһ£˵粨ƹֻʵҪģȥϿûǷȱɷҶˣҲҪʹΪŬ
İɣǲģϿȵԪز°빦
£սٷϻֱӴɪǡҹں뿪أǰϿȡ
ͬʱ
ڰܲ
Ҷ𣿡
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851 ɱԼ
һϲҳ
ӱϿȻ֮޵Ͱ˳ҫֿۣȵľţ˲֪˲
žʯ˹Ϸˣÿ˷ֵžʯһۺ졣
޵бˬͬʱԼ㹻ǣ
Ϊ֮ΣأΪͰȥʱ򣬹ϵļ̳ˣΪҶ˺ѻ뿪أʶɢҥԣƭȡʯ˼ȴû뵽ĻԳΪʵ
ͰΪǱӮң
žʯ㹻֧߽ս񾳽ˣϼ֧֣δȵռһϯ֮أпܳΪߵ
뷨࣬νҴӽг֮֮ðűֵķո޵˵ǣҪԭҲǷĽ
ڽ֣־ûҶְţ磬Լؽܹʡ
ǱĻˣǵûгţӿ
ͬʱ֮С
Ҷ֪ԼѾΪһˡ
׼ٴεͨĵĲ㣬һԼս
չ˺ܳʱ䣬ҶҲûܳɹ򵽷ɽеʽ硱ľ裬ȻĲʺȴУɲǼһ˾⡣
Ⲣǽңû֮ǰıչغ˼򣬼ǿʺ磬Ҳܶ
˵һһģעûκŬǰ׷ѵģʧ֮֮ɣܣ
˵Ҷ˲Ժڻͨˣһһɵֱʣԭĵâʧˣȡ֮һ߲߳ʵĵ⡣
ȻâöˣҶ֪ȴѾɱˣʽȻǿ
Ƴķɵһ㣬ֱʣʺȥ
ȻԲԷɵնϲʺ磬֮ľ̫ԶˣҶԴﲻôԶĹ뾶
һȦ֮ҶһɵһǰƣһСɽХȥ
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Ҷķɵɱ֪ģǿҲ첻ĺεâʧˣɱȴ
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ȻҲͻнս񾳣ȹΪʩչȹ칦ġսȫ޷ҶᲢۡ
һ¡硱֮ҶڷˣһֱͨĵĲ㡣
ٴĲ㣬Ҷ˹ž˫嫵ǿգ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
ܿ죬ͨġҶҲˣûг͵ϮֱҶǰ״Ի
ˣְɣҾͨ˿飬ı䣡
ҶĮ˵ţƺȲʤȯ
Ҷ˿ŭ֪ǰվŵԼûκ
ΨһĻǡɽʽ硯
ңԼֻһʹþĻᣬұһɱ
һ޷һɱôͨͨصĹ÷Լͬʩչ硯
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ԱߵĴڴҶ·죬һµĿ嵭ЩսǰĽա
ҶվԴڵķ˫۽ĶǰԼ׼ԾƶֻҪֲ֣Լ;Բȶ֡
Ҷƺ뷨ǹŪЦݣ˫ֻǰ΢΢ֿԨͣţͬûгֵĴ㡣
˾ôţ˭Ҳҷ˿Ϊ¶ԷݵĹ
ӺҶап࣬Էȫʵȴ޷ֵĸоǰ˫ƺпԽĽǶȡ
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Ҷһȭ󲻼򵥣Ȼţȴǰ󣬺ң޴׽ĸо
֮Ужʧ
ϸ΢ʧյ̽䣬ҶҴ⣬һХƱǣ˫˲˲Ұɫͬʱȼա

һ̣ҶޱĽǿս״̬һȭҶؿڴȥ
Կ޷ƽҶһȭֻѡӲӲҶƴʵ
ĵطΪˣҶӵҶǿս似ҿԳñǿսϣѹõѡ
ҶΣֻͬʱȼԭţһȭʱÿ磬Լȭͷײһ
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ɱ
һȣҶѣһȭңңȥȭ棬ĲеԪҶһȭˣȫ뵽ԼȭâС
ҶͬһǲѪԪȴѾҶһȭˣ㲹ôѸҲֻٲֵԪ뵽ȭâС
䣡
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һе֣Ҷ˲ϷڵѪٴȥ編ƵٴδѪ
ͬʱһһҶɵųĵâҶĵȥ
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ҶһߣͬһȭԾ۷ս·ղһҲûһ㡣
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䡭
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Ҷը֮˲仯һɫĹҶӿȥ
ҶûüӦѾ뵽У˲佫ĵԲ
һ˲䣬Ҷ·ʮȫҩһ㣬ͣɢһǿơ
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ҶãǾ޷õôģΪսʤԼ̫ˡ
ˡɽʽ硯ѡ̣ѰһᣬʹɱﵵĻ¹˭ֻĺ˵
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ĲսʤˣôŵĿֻȵĲѣԲᷴˡ
ʱҶͻȻǰ治ԶĵطһʯʯϷһֻУֻаƴ󣬵ȴ䣬һͲǷƷ
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Ҷ𾪵ʱ򣬶ߴһϤֻѪȾˣϢǳ΢
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Ԫŷ컭ꪣ˷·ǴѪո̳һ㣬ϵ˿ڷţȥҡ
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棬־ᶨޱȣϲ㣬ͨͨĿ飬ԽصĽˣ
ʱҶĶߴǸϵ漴һϵÿ߳Ҷǰ
ͨ㿼飬Ѷ죬Ӧòɣ
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ǲϵĿЦеĿҶϵΧǷɵƤͷüëˣԴ϶ơ
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ʱҴҲͬʱ˵Ŀһ˹ʶҶǼǣͷϵաʱп壡




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ȻԪ֮ȫڸԼԼƵ£سԿ
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ۿҶǰҪʯѳɶӣ˶аԼ




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ҶԽսɹնɱ˸߽ս񾳽Ľص¾쫷һѸٴȫ磬˾޴𶯡
˶ΪҶ̫ǿƣ̫ˣ˼ϹʱҲĴڣߵجΡ
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ݡ
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ѵΪԼܹѹңΪҶֻعɣ
ĴЩֹǶ֪磬׽ȫ£ʵѵ֤ͨûǿʵһνĹƽʵ֡
ǿΪ磬ûνľԹƽԣûһСߵĹ
ֻʵܱϿɣҶȻһ˵죬ЩһľǿУԾɲ϶ѡ
ûڱĻκһ嶼Ὣһ̲ˣеĸֽɱڳɳĵ·ϡ
ͷ޵ףڿЦôЦ˵
Ȼ
Ļ䣬һɿֲµϢ˲ɢһԶžվǰĻӲȥһ㵵Ŀס
ৣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲȻɫ
Ϊ
Ƕо׵Ϣǰǿˣ
ôܣѵͻˣ˴˵еǸ򣿣
һ̣жӿֳһͷ




870 ˵е
ִ磬ս񾳾Ǽ޾ˣûܹͻơ
˵ߴﵽս֮Ѿѹһµľ磬ǿѹĻȻᵼըʱǿѹ߿ʬ޴棬ᱻԼը촷ۡ
ԴԪӣߵٶ֮󣬻û˴ﵽִ˵еľ硣
ݹżأѹΪҺʱߵʵһ츲صı仯
ִ˵еľ类˳֮ΪԪҲڹżļжѣûɹ
ǰʮУѾˣΪǿߣ׿˵ȫǰأ˵ָ·ơ
Ȼ
Ҳڶս˲֪꣬ҲûܳɹǹؼԵһ
ڣ˶о׵ϢǰκʱĶҪǿǱܵΪѾͻƣǸƵĴ˵˴˵е
ͬʱҲɻ󣬰չżļأ߳ɹȫѹҺ̬֮˶ᷢ츲صı仯׽Ϣʤûʲô̫Եı仯
ֻ̤˴˵е
һ˲䣬ĴǺ˶ۣײûȫɹֻɹһ룡
ѾǸе־ˣԪס˶پǿߣڣȫҲûκһԪżѾ˰벽
ҪСŰ벽֮ڵ׾ԿԺɨ磬ҼôǿԴ˿̵Ҳսʤ
Ԫ˫۷Ź⣬֪ͻԪһ˵ζʲô
׵ľκһ˵޼֮ĲƸţһԼҲﵽƿ֮һὫǷġ
ԪĴǣľҲǶս񾳵ߣ֪ǰ벽˵ζʲô
ԭĺһս㲻սʤҪսҲôףڣĶҡˡ
벽֮ʵ֮ԼԲ׵Ķ֡
һ̣ңղԼһԼȷľ
ɽѹѵʵףҪĵΪҶСӳͷǿʯ𣿡
ǿ
˵ֻǰСֻԭӦĶ⣬ҲǸ֪ˣȻˣûܹҶԴС
ҶоһůͷЩᣬһǸܵǾ仰ľģ뵽һԼ谮мӵʦ
ͬʱҲܵ׺ʦ֮ѪŨˮ飬ΪԼǻȥˡ
սҲһ֪˵仰ܿͻ紫ģҪΪҶףԺҪԸҶҪȵһԼķˡ
Ĵӱ˴˵ж𺧣ţҪ峤֪ԲܶҶٲȡʲôΪп֮
ɫ࣬ؾףһֱΪһȫֵˣû뵽㾹Ȼ˵Ĳ侲Ȱһ䣬ҪΪһ˽ƻս˵Žᡭ
ϻ˵˵Ѿˣһ飬ʯңǲ
״Ļֱӱʣ˿κӣѾ˲ʰľ棬ԾִһЩҲһ棬ǰиʲôС

ɫϵıã·ʲôһݣ¶ģҲʱͷ
һ˵ǶһоԶĹ˵ӱʲôҪЭ˵ĻҾͱǰ̧ͷˡ
䣬һֱ˵֮УʮͻȻ˰˵Ԥϡ
ͬʱһ촫ʣصĴŹϣҵмÿһۣȫ߶ת
һ˲䣬رǿķ棬׺Ҷ˵档
⣿
ͻıڳ˶ɵˣû뵽ҾȻԤıһˣֱ˻صУ˷
£¾ͻ˰벽Ҳֻܶͽκˡ
Ĵһֻף뿴ô졣
Ҳû뵽ҾȻôһ֣һƯôǿ󣬿ҲƲҵķ
ǵļҲкƵأ֪ǿǸͲ˵ܹƵġ
ǿƣȻҲ⿴ģϣһͻĵλصӰ졣
죬˰ɣ㲻ܹƣֻü޵Ͼ˼Ѿ㵽֮С
˹ĴһֻؿףȰܱڷһƲˣҲˡ
죬ʲô£ҲҶ״ʦ˵ĸУ
ԪǳˬһֱΪˣҾôǿᣬҲҺ״ʦӲӲջǻ黹ʯġ
û뵽澹Ȼôһ֣ڷ֮и翹ܲʯ
Ͳã˹ⷬϽͣ׿ڣֱŭԷһ١
㡭
˹Ĵײţȴ֪ԼԪĶֻ֣ú޺޵ĵһۣ͡
ɣԼҪٶײȥĻԪҵô˵Լһ٣ĻɾͶˡ
Լν˹嶼˶裡
ģҼֱ̫޳ˣڹʲôӢۺúб³״ʦսٻغϣ
һȵҹҲ̲סֿˣǶΪҶ߷߲ƽ
ԭ޵ɢҥԣƭȡǰһ˻̣ܲʯֶڷвˡ
սӿڵ̧̫ëˣͷڹֻ꣬Ҫҳ״ʦʮоܽſ£ĴսٻغϣҲ䣿
һһͣôеֱ̣һ˵ĳ嶯ǸԲܳȥ׵Ķ֣һȥˣ̶ʧȥá
ôĻжѷŴľʯȫ֧ŷġ
ֻҪû˹򣬾Ÿ궼û⣬ֹķ鼸˵Ѫᾧô׾ͱ˹Ƶġ
ҳ鳤֮⣬ЩмȫϣŴתҪʱǿ
棬ΪҾκ㲻𣿽ұҪ黹ʯҾݣ
ؿתеĴ󣬾ǿֱء
бɣܹҵķϷԸ黹ʯһ̸
Ц϶׾޿ܹƼķпܻᱻɱ
ˣô罫ҲûܹѹʱȫǿߣҵĵλȻҲˮǴˣ
棬𣡡
һȻŤͷҶС׻ƶңҴһ󣡣




871 
صķ⻪ת̺ǿ

״Ҷ֮ǰһ׻ƶݺݵȥ
䡪
һ죬Ҳһ£ֱӷһӽȫ˴С
һɱ֩һֹſֲɱҶ˿ɣһЩⶴ¾ԼľҲס
ɱ
ҶһϺȣһȭĽȥֱ˰ȭڶʽѪһȭɢڿС
״ʦ׻ƶֵ⣬ͬʱһȭǰȥϣܹƷ
Ȼ
ͽ͵ģ׵ȭôһ󰵵ȴû飬ҪԪٶȸˣһ龫ʯеԪգ촷ۡ
˵Ĵ߶£󷢳ǿĹƣͼǿ׺ҶĥڴС
һҶʱѹѹ·˷м伷ѹƵòóǿʵֿӴѹ
治ɫһŭȣëͷڷ˷·𻯳սһ㣬˫۱ǿâϢ˲ۣ߶׻ƶķ󷨣ֵͬʱһȭһȭغҷ
Ҷ⣬ӵ£һȭɢ˹ԼĽ⣬ͬʱһѷɵһɳĵâ·ɣԼñⶴ
ʱһĹȥ׺ҶԾûܹƷȻ׵ÿһȭôҵĲȴ޷ƣֻôĹâһ¶ѡ
źʯ֧ţҸͲģǼţ׾Բܹƴ󣬷Ѱ·ᱻϿ壬ĥ
֮⣬Ԫһǣֻ״Ҷ˴Уȴ澿ʲô
ʱȥôãԾתȻ⻪һЩûбļ˵˿϶ڴ鷳ˡ
үү˵״ʦҶ˲ʲô鷳ɣôֲԤа
սСԼүүʵǲûнУӴĿֲһװıܲµ״ʦҶڼѵĺʹԿš
̫
ԪҲҿ϶ҵķֲľΪ׺Ҷ˵ģһʲôʧĻ롣
ҵķҲ̫̬ˣ״ʦֻ̤봫˵еˣȴû뵽Ȼ޷ƣҹҲΪҶġ
ͳû˵ֻüͷǵؿأڴҶɹ
ͬʱĴЦȻҲоڷʲôȴ֪׺Ҷ˺ܴ鷳
һĸôô׾ܱƵģȻаֻ̤Ǹ˵ļ󣬵Ҳ޷ɹпܻɥ
Ĵֻſ׺Ҷ˵ЦΪ׾ƲȻȻճ
˿е״ʦҶˣǴеȴܹ
һδεĺȴûκã¶ϷŰЦݣϾһ̫ʦϣһɰһߺˮһߵɣҿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
˵ûҿ׾ҵķǧķϴôױƵģ
ԼΪԼʵǿѰ·ѣһ˭ҲסǾͳȫˡ
żҪ۵һ߲ߴһߵ˵ţԼķʮ㡣
޵ҲӺ̶߹ˣô飬˶ҪӳأϵĴݲð
һʼʱ޵ЩģԼķ󵲲ס׵ĽŲ
þȫҲûܹƴ󣬶ʱ˵ΪһҶңĽļգ
ĻЩҪ۵ǿ߿ʼǿҪ׺ҶĥڴС
ϲүү쿪ʼ潫ȫĵһˣս֮λȻүүĪˣ
޵ǰһĵЦݡ
溬ЦͷߣһϷ׾ôǵķ󡣡
˵ţעˣҪ⾫ʯģǽоʯĹҲνҼǿҵҪǻֶܼã
Щҵм̼ӿ˾ʯ룬ʯ۸Ԫϼεɿز䵽У
ʱҶѾǳǱˣǿʱ֧ŲסˣˣҲǳˡ
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״ʦû£ƾܵסй̫̬ˣĹ֪˶ȭ󰵵ʼûܹơ
˼ǿ˴֮ʶȥ²УԼܹȫˣҶҲ϶ˣ޴̸ˡ
һ˲䣬͵һҧһ𾪵ľ
һӣ׻ƶҶߣΧתйȫͬʱҶ˵Сȭһã
Ҷû˿ԥֱӽȭȡȥһѽסɿشԼȭͷϡ
һȣ׻ǿƣ˷·ȼһ
Ҷһ֪ζʲôȼս
ھֹҲˣҶʶȤĴ׻ƶƿˣױһľ롣
ȼϢסܿͳԽ۷״̬Ծɲϵţ·ֹһ㡣
Ԫ·һ׾£ȥϵļǿƣԪ˶Ӧˣ׷׾пȥ
Ȼ֪зʲô˶֪ʲô˼顣
е·𱻲ȵβ͵èһһ̫ʦ˵ײҪ𣿾Ȼȼ
ߺϻ
״һʵжӦ
ߺϻǡ׻ȭɱУ
û֮һ
׻ȭ״ģҴ˿̵ֻ̤Ǹ˵еȼ֪

˫ȭݻһһߣХҴ󣬿ֲĲΧԪű
䡪
һ̶Ħľ촫صķ˲Ҫ۷žʯеԪ
Ȼ
ͽ͵ģ׵һߺϻǿ󹥻ԶԶ˴Ԫٶȡ
꣡
һ촫һƣţ¡һǷӦȻɢ¶صݡ
ףɹ




872 ǿѹ
񱩵ܻǧٿףҲȻˣ˶һĻ
ݣڴħһ㡣
Ҷվ׵ԣ׸ղչֳǿ󹥻
Ҷһ˲䣬˶ˣû˵ҷ·ûѹ˼ؿǰһС
ˣǵģˣ
ԪȻع¶ϲɫ˫Ĺâ˴˶һۣӶԷж˷ܡ
״ʦ̫ţˣǵһǿߣ
ǰƾһ֮Ƶҷ󣬷ȫҲֻ״ʦܹ
洫ˣʲô
Ԫ˵Ļսɪǡҹ˷׷Ǵ˼ѪһΪԸû˵ʲô˷ԱһС
ˣڹˣ
ͳͬʮּرһ𣬱ĵϲá
ĴǴʱҲӦһؿŲ׺Ҷˣ캧ˣ
ԭΪݺû뵽ʵ׺ݺݵĸһƣʵжʲôеһǿߣ
֮࣬ĸеΣܹҵķ˵ҲܹԼķ
һǳֲѶţ
Ǳϱ峤
һ̣ǶС˼ҿǿסˣûзҾһСϱһûκ˽ԡ
ûȫ¶˵ǰˣѾûʲôֿ׵ǿˡ
ЦݵȻ޴棬شһһ㡣
޵ǴľҲûǰźͿֻһ仰ǾǣˣҲûпܶԿˣ
۵Ҹֲ㱻ɫɷ׵ؿűƵĴдռ䡣
ڸոգǻڻҶĥɱΪóȻѰ·û뵽Ƭ̹򣬴Ǳˡ
ⲻܣԲܣҵķ󴫳ǧ꣬δ˹ƹһǻþ
鳤ͺţʵ޷ִһӵĸо
鳤Ļϵľʧȡ֮޾ĿɬءԸǰһУ
ʵԸ˵־Ϊı䣬ȻôԸܣʵʵصķվˡ
״ƵĲҵķҲһ˵һ񻰣˵~
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ڻʲô赲׵ĽŲ
ҵ˾ˣ󶼵ס׵ĽŲѾû˵ƣʣµֻѪ֮Ӳˡ
׼Ȼܴƣǻ˭׵Ķ֣
־壬һ˵ӣ׻ûеǵѾٱıԵˡ
־Ҫ޵ˣ޵֪ƣԼ⵽ʲôĳͷ
ֱһ̣źԼľƭȡǱĽ˵ʲôѾˡ
еĿ־ʶܹƵףû˿ʤ㣬Աܡ
ܹӲƴĻҲ㵽;Էˣ
һ£һ磬ҴɱĻҽӴʧ
һ˵ʵϽһ˲飬ǰһ̣˻ԴҶĥΡ
һ̣ѾǿһȭƲɵ֮ƴ˷ǵΡ
˵ϵЦݻûȥ㷢ˣǵɫȻŵЦݱ˾㵺Ͳš
漴ֱ˿־壬Ŀ־壬ûзǸûκֶܺ׶Կˡ
һȭ˷ħĴҶҵ֮Уվʮ״
Щǿ˵Ͳ룬ѾڹΧ֮ˡ
棬һ飬ʯ黹ǲ黹
׵쳹ʣص֮УþòɢЩΪõѪӿĸꡣ
ƣԪȻٿȽС
Ĵ໥һۣҲУôӦ׵ͱˡ
ƣǿȫӸ˳˿Ѿ֮ʣǲܲ֡
һ˲䣬վˣЩ˴нս񾳵ǿߣҲгս񾳺Сߣԣǿ߶ƬССĿռС
ӪμĴһϹ۵ӣ˫ĶԹҲûʸǵ峤ڻпܡ
鳤ǧҴûб˴УΪ̫ˡ
ף㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
һʱˣ鳤ѾȫԭˣһԶҵӣ̲סǰһŭ
ұ죬㻹ûʸ˵
ײ˵꣬һƳȥһֻɵİƸʮ׵ľݺݵĽɳȥ

鳤ҽһӲշɳȥһ·Ѫ߰˿ŴѪݣ
Ƕŭˣҵ̬Ʋסŭ
֪ٲĻû˻ԼĻ£ǿƵףҲҪΪҶֻ
ΪģҶǱٶȸǾˣʱգпͻǸ˵еģԲܿһ۸
ΪҪǣҲǶȥиڽ֮ǰʹ˱֮й£ҲҪԵѵй֮ء
˭Ҫ֣ҷ㵽ף
ɨӪеһۣǿһ֮ң
úã˭Σˡ
սں㵸·ҵĲףԼһ
ҵǿһмΪʾ׼ҪΪ˼սҲɱң
ұ죡
ɫѿ÷·ԷԵ˲ӬһݺݵصЩսһۣⲻǸ״ɱҽ
֪֮ǿƣ˾ʯ֮⣬Ƕ֣Ǿ͸һֵĽڣʱж˻ܻͲ˵ˡ
桭
޵ɫҪ׷ѵεĻҪԲ˶ߣֻˡ
ٲĻҲ棡
һΣ濪ڣٴοڣͳ̬ǿƵ˼㡣
һ
ǿƥֱ´ͨ뺣֮ףҪô黹ʯҪô֣ѡһ
һȴû𸴣ԹҶȥ
еһжҶģҶ˽жãǾûˣƫƫҶسˡ
޵ضҶ޲ý̻ˣ

ٴοڣȫ˿ǵʱ䡣
ףҹ黹ʯ
ۿ˶һæ˵
ȻھʯҵҪʯû˿ԼܣҪûˣҿ˶ţ




873 
ƱǿôҲҵעֻһ֣˽һٰʮžʯ͹
Ǳ򣬵һֵžʯžʯɵڶʮ䡣
ǱֻҶ˻ĻҶһ޵ڶġ
޵ֵֻܷһٶʮžʯ
֮ǰɢҥԣƭȡžʯ
淢󣬺ܿ˽һʮžʯ̧˹׺ҶǰѻСɽһ롣
˶ľʯ˸߲ɫĹΣȱʯҫۣ̺Ԫǿֲ
ۿűԼҵľʯͳҵӶɳѪˣԹؿҶǸо·Ҷǵľʯ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҷֱѡӡ
СʯɣӦõġ
״Լһ¾͹ԾʯĴţʱԲҸԼʲôۿۡ
ҶͷôྫʯԼҲղ꣬ͳսŽʯ
ؿһٰʮžʯڱ˵ҵ˼׺Ҷ˺͸ˣضǣ·Ҫɱһ
޵޵˾Ҷ׻Σ֪һеһжҶġûҶҲ黹һٰʮžʯҲһԻˣƭȡǱһ
ǳˣ˵ɨأӽҽЦ
ֿ̹ǵĳĿ⼸ʵʣҶȻܸо
ߣмǿĵУǶ˵ĿܹĸӦ
ʵߣͨһЩҲܸӦעԼ
˵ĿƺĳעӵʱǼ㿴עԼˣҲܹоԼעˡ
Ҷ˵ˣӦԭͼǿ޵Ŀֺп̹ǵĳޣȻǿĸй١
޵ɢҥԣˣƭȡԭҵĽˣǲǸˣ
Ӧ޵̹ǵĳޣҶͻȻǰһֱ۾˵
㡭
޵׹޲ýҶˣȴ֪״ʦڣʲôҲˣֻýĵףĿת
Ҫ˵״ʦ۸㣬ҹƽһսӦս񣿡
Ҷ·Զ޵ץ񣬷ŭ̴ӦҶƽһս
뵽Ҷӽǿ߶ɵˣǵҲû˿ʤ㣬ֻٴǿѹŭ𣬱
ҲҪҥ˵ڽеġʱҺͰ˴Ӽ̨뿪ʱ̨ˣ룬û˼̨ûٳˣ˵ġͬʱ޵ֿʼΪԼ⣬ͼһ˿档
㲻ŵĻȥ򰲶֤ʱҲڳ֪࣬ǹҪƭȡǱĽ
ֻһֻ֣Ӧս񣿡Ҷϡ
̫
޵˺αװŭΪ޵𣿺ãӦսҵҪһֻôң
ɵҪҵùҶڼŭƾҶӵʵһֻҲŰ۾Թ϶ϵļһ
սٺٹЦҶʵ̫˽ˣҶʵһֻ֣޵Ҳûаʤ㡣
˵ܹΪţҴӽгɹ޵ҲǷ֮ҶȻʵǿ󣬵Ҫһֻֽսܣ»Щۣ
ҹڿսʵʺܶ࣬սǵ͵ɣʲôһںӣҹ֪ҶҪһֻսʤ޵ûô򵥣
ĴһǿǼ֤ҶνشڿеģԣҶҪչˡ
ҲڴҶȻôǿֻһֻѾķӣսʤͬнս񾳵޵²ôס
죬ɫ˼֮ʲôҲû˵δֹ޵Ӧս
Ϊ֪Ϊһ˵ľҪģԲʲôӰԺΪž޴Ӱ죬п޵ΪʹͣͲǰ
Ϊ˲޵ħ谭ԺУ޵һ
ֹ޵Ժ޴Ӱ죬ʱ͵òʧˡ
˵Ҷһֻ־սʤ޵Ͼ޵һľţΪδģܴ򲻹ֻһֵֻҶ
Ϸ࣡
˲䣬յֻʣҶ޵Ķţս֮伤
޵ͣ
޵ɱ
˷׷Ϊ޵ź糱ϵ֮м
սȻҲʾ׷ΪҶźȻϺȲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʤްɡ
ҶһҪӮ
Ļ࣬ȴǳзַҶУʱĵλѾͳˡ
׼𣿡
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ҶͷһƵӣ˵Ը㣬ҸͲ׼ɣ

޵һȣ̧һơ
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޵ԣһֱҾѧ
һ󲨶ɵƵݺݵҶɢſµ

ҶһȭӭȥѪãֱѪӭն
䡪
һ죬䡣
ѹÿ˶ģ߽ս޽̸Ҷһ־ʵõġ
ѹɵȭâǿıըֱһȭĴնɢڿС
δ˥ȭâݺݵ޵ؿڼȥ
޵һһ֣һ˺ɫǹУһǹûһƬǹӰÿǹⶼһ״Ҷȥ
ҵѹ׾޵̽һ¾óɱУҵЩΪ̫Сˣı¶Լɱﵡ
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ֻ޵Լ֪Ҷǿ󲻿Գֻ֮һ־ǿռȻֻһֵֻĳŵٶȽնɱ
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Ҷһȣָһѹָâӭ޵ǹӰ
漴һ޵ȥ
޵ͬһǹҶɱ
ҶȻôǿҲԿֻһֻϣǹһʼҶֺչ˵ĵط
գۼ䣬˱嵽һҶȫɢŵĽ⣬ӵ£һ࣬ڶǹӰһץסӣǹӰ˲ʧˡ
޵һæ߶ǹҶȥͬʱҪǹҶ
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Ҷһȵ˲佫޵ɢˣԵޱȵгȥ
޵󾪣æ֣оҶƴģпֱӱС
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874 ˫ȫ
Ҷ޵棬ǿƶ޵ĺɫǹ޵ɶ
ɲǼ䡣
ֳһƬž˶ûϵĽΪҶʵ൱˽սû뵽ˡ
ֳΨһû¶ɫֻһˣ˽Ҷʵˡ
Ҷûгʤ׷ǵֳǹվԭأһսһ㡣
У
УҶֱ㽫޵˳ȥսˡ
޵Ҷһǹɨ֮󣬺޺޵ڵϣſһѪֱӻȥ
أҶһǹɨ˼׵ǣҪǱãʵ޷ĽֻܻԹȥǿԼȥԡ
ǳԷʱһֻӬһ㣬ɫѿ˼㡣
ȻҲû뵽޵Ұܳ
ЩԭΪ޵ʹ˷·߬ŲӵѼһӺ﷢Ŀ
~
ĴǴӹͷð۲˼ĿҶ·Ҫ͸һ
Ȼ
ôǶҶϷ·һۻĸо͸ǳ
ӾҶнս񾳶ѣҾԲͻ̫ãһˣնɱ˸߽ս񾳽Ľأǵлܾ޵ö
Ԫ˲пڵѾ˵ˣ˳ɳ̫ˣǸʱ˲֪ٱ
սǰзģһҪŬȡҶҪ̫࣬սѵʸûˡ
ʱǺҶ󣬵̶̵һʱУҶѾԶԶĽ˦ˡ
鳤˸Ͻ޵̽һ鿴һơ
̧ȥ۵Ķ
һŭȣ鳤˸Ͻ޵̧ˣʤѷ֣ûбҪﶪۡ
ף˰ɣ
漸Ǵм⼸֣񣬵ȴһ취ҲûУò㷢衣
һжǾȡԹκˡ쵽ΪֹҷĸҶԴСĻҲ棬˵ؿĴһۣ쳹ʡ
壡
һֻ̣̤봫˵ף֪Ҷʶǿ壬Ҷ㡣
⣡
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˵ƶߣǰܺ׽аĻô̤һǶʧȥ˽аʸ
һСִ漣
ۿֳ˸һӦײٷϻҶȥ˺

ҶӣŻ㲻Ӧòƾʵ޵һ֮ǰҲ˵ˣΪʲô㲻أ뿪ҽսӺСҶʵ
ĻսҹڡӺɪ쳤˲ӣԪͲԲҲǳ档
Ҫ֪£ҶҪ޵նɱĻֻҪ־Ϳˣö֣ƾܷҶȴûҲеĲ⣡
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ǺĿ⣬ҶɬһЦʵܼ򵥣ƵĻû뵽еԭ
ʱѾ뿪һٶˣҲ˵ĻᱻȥΧʮﶼụ̂ããɽ֡
һߣҶһǽ͵ԭܼ򵥣Ҳ״ʦ̫Ϊѡ
Ӧ֪ζ״ʦǲ˳ֻ˾ʯ״ʦᣬһ°壬ǲҶҲȡ
һжǲֵ̫ĻϣܽڵƵͶ·˭Ҳұ֤ǻ᲻գעһ
ҶĽͣ˽ͨеԵɣҶ»ܱѵͷԺĶж
ѾһЩҶ˵ҲһеĽ޵նɱôͱȻҽ²֮ûϣȻıʱ״ʦҲܽˡ
ս˲ͷ
е˱Ǿ˵ģһҲ֪ҪһжԸҶĻҶֻܴ粽ĸ߲ܱ֤ȫˡ
ӯＫطҲһϣĻѱṷǽաǸʱһΣղ˵״ʦҪƿս˺ȫĴҲ÷ǳѣ
Ҷ˿սˣ˵֮⣬ҲꡪǵԸ񣬸йϵ˶붼Ź
~
ٴҶĻ˲˰Ѻ³һ
ˣ˳Ҷط۲׼ȷжϣƵİۣ涼ǵˡ
ͬʱҲΪ̾ΪҶ˵ɷѿģҶҲûйģ˼֮ܣ̾
Ҷ֮ⷬ״οͬʱҶˡ
Ͼ˫ȫܿδĴ죡
֣̳һͽܰ
жԼ˵۹
״ʦһۣидսȥչأһξĸҶѾ𽥳ɳˣսҲ̫࣬Ǿ͸ˣʲôµĻֱ˵һϻǣ
ɻ֮Ԫҹ硢ɽͲԲ׷ǱεľǸеΣȻǵĴ˺ҶĹϵϾ˫ʵ̫ˣҪʵУ
Ҳ֪ʲô߹ȥսҹڡӡɪǵ˵ļһ£úŬ罫Щ˵£ҪС̫ˡ
սһ߬ȭͷ˵״ʦģһҶӲɱС
ҹںӡɪǵҲһܹ״ʦһ˫һȫ֮۵޵ǿ˵ĪĹҫ
Ԫ֪׵ⷬͬڶ˵ģԪӯȫ˵¼ƵڶԸϣκһ߶ʧԴġ
ǧûвɢϯλˣԪиˣ
˵꣬Ԫ׹֣ԼսһȥܿСڵ㣬ʧԶ
ɱҹͲԲɽҲ׷׸ǣգۼ䣬ֻʣҶסͳˡ
ǸһܲɣһлҪǣ
˵꣬׽̤׻֯ܲȥ
Ҷ˵һƽ˲ŴһԾȥȻҲȥ
תӽŵ˲ע뵽µĻƽУƽ˲ţһһ׷ߵķ׷ȥ
ȻˣƽٶȴûܵκӰ죬ٶȼ죬ܿ׷ǰеףһ𲢼׻֯ܲȥ
֪˶ãҶһ׻֯ܲ
׷Ը˴ͳȥϢԴҶص칫ҡ
ҪҶ̸




875 
׻֯ܲ¥칫ҡ
״ʦһ裬һӲľϣҶָָһӡ
ҶҲֱϣȴ׿ڡ
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µأ
Ҷһ˿Ĺâͳµؿνǲ֮˫֪˴˼ĳ޷⣬δֻһԻȥ
ΪµأҲȼչȫʧȻƶ´ﵽ˳ս񾳣ջ˽С
һжǰݳµͣҶǣֻû뵽ôԭˣ϶ȡġ
һ̣Ҷ޲Լϴﵽս񾳣ͳµؾһսΪԼĸס˱
Ҳ֪򲻴ڵԼԲǳµصĶֻ֣ŬΪϣܹﵽǸ߶Ȳпгˣ
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ڴؿҶ¶˼ĪЦݣҶһϸ˼һ״ʦ仰
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׵İ칫ҳ֮Ҷҵͳˣɽǲܻȥˣһĵأ˭ҲԸἰ
ҵ֮һλɽ׻ܻ֯طȥ
˾ͽˮ׻֯ʦ
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ҶЦʦֱǸСĸҲοˮʦԲԿġ
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һϮµ˾ͽˮǴɽ߳Сʹһɿֱܹ˵ҶĻ
ȻһЦˮԽԽƯˡ
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ʦ˵һ죬ǿΪãѾ˺ܶ࣬úʱܣŬУ棬͹ľ츳ˡ
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ײûаʦͼ˾ͽˮͬҶ飬ʦȻһ̾
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˾ͽˮ͵˵СŮһ
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ˣô˿أֻҪʦҲԺЦȪˡʦ۾ҲЩ죬ǿЦ
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꣡С㣬밤ѵǣˮʦ֮壬ʦļ⣬ܱ𣿡
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һ٣ϧ򲻹
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Ǹӣһ겻ı˪絶Ҷʱûа⣬ŨŨս⡣
Ҷû뵽Ȼȴ⣬һ΢Цʾ⡣
ԽԽߵ˶棬ĬؿҶһǰǿˣҲĶ֣һ죬һ׷ϲģ
Ҷͷҵ㣬ʵʲĳɾͱȻ
ҲҪ˵̣Ѿ˵ˣúûţϣδܺдһ£
˵꣬ͷҲصȥһƽҶ֪ԼѾ׷϶ԷĽŲˣҶʵ̫ˡ
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Ҷ˼һ£˳˻غֱӼƽ򶫺ȥ
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ص֮Ҷ˸绰ʱĻ͹һˣЩС
ӵ绰ȻеһУͣɽׯ
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ոշµ绰Ҷԡг˸裬ʱֻˣһսġ
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ʱ֣˶ˣɽׯĳʦһӲˣ˾ɽׯĴб߳Աġ
Թ֮սһߴűһߵҶӣҲҪˣ׼չһʱ䣬Ͳˡ
춼ˣҲٰҶ
սҡҡͷˣʱ峤֤ʯ֮ͻȥʱҴٲץʱֱ׷Ļͱ̫࣡
Ȼ֣ҶҲ˵ʲôֻýͳ˱
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սһĽСϲ䣬Ҷһʰʺһ㣬ʵչδͻ쾳硣
㣿ʵʵѧϰɣҪˡ֮;ʺ㣡ش
صɽׯǻص˴ǰǼսۣ̲ס졣
ǲǿҴ򲻹㣿Ҿ㣬Ҫ̫ˣսô˵ҲǸѧţ֮Ǵƨɲɣսۺߺߵ
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ЩڽдӱɵЩѹģ޺Ҳó˵ʲôãÿҲòţЩи߼ķ
⡭
һЩ̫ˣһȥĻԻȫ䶯Ϊи߼ķǮδ򵽡
ҪצƯ˾Ϭ
ս۹ⲻһ۾Ϳ޵İצֱӹȥȥؿһֵӡ
ѡ˰ҵǰѽɫǹ˵ǹʺϣͰ
֮ǰõùŷŴĦڭķģδѡȡΪûкʵģҲûѡȡ
˾ͽˮΪַûôǷµһӱˡ
Ҳĸ֣ӿ񣬼ӿٶȣʿ˵޼֮
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ܰҶ´˰ҹòɽפ´кܶҪҲ̫ʱ䡣
Ҷ͸ķܰصԼĵطɽׯֻʣսۺ˾ͽˮˡ
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ҶҲѡ˱չء
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Ҷ֮УǱǰľʯͷŨԪΧ
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Ԫѵߵľ𣿡
Ҷ뵽ϣɿЦϵ˵Ԫ𲽶ѣȻиľ磡
Ҳ֪Ϻʱѣ
Ҷ̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
Ҷٶ룬չǱޡ
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״ҶǿأǿƵ洫ѹҼҶŰ޵쫷һɨ硣
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УΧ棬ϣܹϣ˸ͷرˣ޵ҲҶشȻҩ޸ƣûмµʱָԪ
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濴Լĺ󱲣̾һѾǹؼԵİ벽ûκĶ֣ٲô
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ɨһˣŵܴСܴС档ӱʮ겻Ŀǰûбʵֻ̣ȴʱ𣿡
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Ŷ룬ֱ˴ߣ̾㲻Ӧóɱǣ³ޣлսʤҶϴˢ衪ʱĳӦóΪĶ𣿡
޵һ𣬿Լ棬еĳ޽ɢ»ָ峺棬ˣһŬģεĳ裬ұȰٱ֮
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˵꣬߳˷䣬ɹ޵Ҫ黹ܶ࣬£֮ʿе⣬Ҫ⡣
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ƾʲôΪʲôҪȥҿӦμŶԣ
ܼҵһǿԣĵĿһԪˣܹӦǵ¸ص鳤죬Ԫ
ûʵԪһ㼰鳤죿ֻ鳤죬û˵ʲôԪ
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ȼҶ˲佫ʵһֲĳ̶ȣȫתѹ޴
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ŭһҲûУʹռɱл浶ޣѾ޷ʩչһΣֻܱмܡ

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׵Ϊ˵磬ҶǸеһ׾Ѿѹ̧ͷҶٳɳĻδ֮ڣǽûκηϣ
˵ٮٮ߶Ҷնɱʧȥ˺ͻ۵ǱʱһҶɳǾ͸ûϣˡ
ԣǱκ˶ϣҶֻ˲ƽ֮ĹϵĻƽ⽫ᱻ״ơ
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µؽ̤֣ը죬˵Ķʡ
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α˵ţĿͶҶĿ綾߶Ҫܾĥ֮ȥΪҿĺ𣡡




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µһҧһѵĴһȭ漴һһӴٺɫԲȥ
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һ죬ٺɫԲʱ䱬ը޴ıը˲ضɽҡǴɽըѡ
һû뵽µϻ˴ɱҿԼзȻĻһ²Ҳñըˡ
ಡ
һ˲䣬µؽٶޣһ⣬ʩչѪǧĶɲǼԶݶȥ
üͷһû뵽µؾȻ᲻սӣҪ׼׷Ȼоռһ󶯵ܵԪҵĲ
֣õӲͣ˽Ųɵؿſռ𶯵ķ
Ǵûй飬˭Ҳֿ֪ռ䲨ζʲôȴֲõԤУȻ˵ΪʲôԤУָоȴԽԽǿˡ
ܿ죬ռԽԽˣλþڲԶһ֣򲨶ķȥ۷ʲô飬ôǿڣӦܹ
ոոϵرҵĲ·Ҫһ㣬ڳʵǿߣǵҲ¡
Ŵ𶯵ļӾ磬¡һǰĴѿһ޴ķ϶һɫĹ˲֣ӹ籡Ԫ
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˶ˣѵҲǹŴǿ߷ӡһʥڣۼ̫ǿߣͳµصĴսĳֽƲŵӡĵط˼䣿
ԶҶҲ龰ȻȽԶǹʵ̫ˣԶҲܿ
ų֣Ҷ˲һֲԤУоźǵ֮ϱˡ
ȻҲһЩԶűӡĵطűȽԭʼֺԪȷʵС׼ˡ
Ԫ籡˶ˣŨԪǴûм
ڱʥӡʥɢݳԪҲûԪŨ
໺𡭡
һ޵ӹﴫɫȻһ䣬˭Ҳû뵽оȻᴫ޵
ʱһͷӴ޴ӹдܳһȺȿֺĴӹб
ǣ
ҶһֳǳϤֻʱû޳֡
Ȼ䣬Ҷ뵽ˣ־춯صĳˡ
ɽǸϿȣϱ俪ӡȻʱģֳȴӡҶУ




900 ׷
ʱҶٴοƵĳȻһѲЩǴģ
Ҷҿ϶ֻһָоЩʮǿҲнսľ磬ЩǶս񾳵ΪϢǳǿ
Ҷ֮Բҿ϶ԭһﲢɽµǸϿȣδؾܹͨͨ
ڶϹҲֹޣĲ˵ɽмصޱ㲻ʤö١
ӹ߳Ȼǿ󣬵˭Ҳ˵Զʱĳλǿ߷ӡСռеġ
ǹؼԵһ̤˴˵е򣬸ղֺͳµشս˺ܾãҲǹųֵ֮ս䴥˷ӡӶ·ӡɶЩԭӡСռе޴˳
ЩͷҶԺһ漴㿴ʦһĵ֮ǰ
ų֣ò׷ɱµصĴ㡣
µؿ²İΣһ㡪ѡ׷ɱǴӹų޽Ҷչɱ
˵ʶҪЩ޷ǳǿһͨȻɾ޴ѣڵĿֻš
ֱڣ֪޽޴вĻߺеĶ˶ѡ
ЩһͨĶУôϢҲ޷ˣȻֻͨš
뵽ȷԸ˵ĸ˱Լǿ߶Ⱥ֮ǰʰԲν޷ڹŸ
Ҳ֪ܽЩĻܳȥһͨ˵ǻԵѡ
Щ̫ǿˣͨЩǰûκԱԣ۸ĴۣҲһܷһޡ
ţѾΣʱ̣ߣһһȫսȫɱޣֹ޴磡
ɨһˣ˵ֻҪȫԿޣȥ飬Ϸһẓ̇򣬽֮״ӵʧ
ΪѵʱûΪİȫףǻʲôˣ
һĸ˷׷һݣ֪аʵƢ˵Ųʲô֮ƽ⣬ԼЩĲֵĻ½֮ҽԼγ
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ʵѾֵչ˵ǰǹؼ԰벽ĳµضĶ֣ҪԼ壬ҲǾ֮Ͷѡ
ȨȡᣬȨ߶ϳɾ֮Ȼ֪ȡᡣ
ңǶ֪ȻĻ̣ȴһԾŶӣȻ˵ˣֻҪԼȫԿ޾Ͳ׷ǰĲ飬Ǿһ׷ġ
£ĦҮǿ߶˵ʲô׷ױʾԸĵǲΪƽԼĹס
Ψû˻ӦҲ֮е飬汱ŷһˣ鳤ҶˣѾûˡ
ڳֻʣ޵һˣȻҲнս񾳵ǿߣҲһţָ߽ս񾳽ǿƼĵطǵΪ㲻ʲô
Ϸһͷޣ
ɭˣϷΪǣ׼Źһͷޣ
÷壬ڱκһͷޣ

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Ǹеҵǣ㹫ʣûнɵȺ棬ĻӿȺҲֲ˶á
Щ޾Ƿһϵسɵķߣ޷׷չֳԼǿ޼
һʱ䣬ŰצӰأ߱һצĳ࣬ҡ
һ˵סޣЩ޶Ƕս񾳵ʵѾܹԣ̾Բ١
ԼѾ˵Щ޷·Ǿκһ㣬ϵ
񺣱ߵʯΡȻƾ޳ңȴԺֺÿһȭһͷޱ̶̼ӣѾ˼ʮͷ޵ʬ壬ȫһ
ʱȺΧ޵α˳˶ԿޣϾʱȥ׼֮زز
ղųµߵʱαһߣȴ֪ԼٶȺʵɷԶˣһ׷µأȻԼʱԼûа㷴Ļᡣ
ʱѾ޽սһȻ֮ԳսˣҶҲæŸˣǸûᡣ
ڳʱ͵ϮҶˣǻûôɵƾҶ򲻹˵֣֧һܹġ
ֻҪܵסԼƬʱ䣬ܹϹʱԼ߶ˡ
ӱʮ겻ɽڲûգ˾õһԼͬӡ
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Ҷһ߷һ߽ȭ״ϡ
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֪Ҷǳǿ󣬵ôǿ󣬱Ͼˣ޵нս񾳵ߣսȸ߽ս񣬶αǸ߽ս񾳽е޵ǿߣ
ֿɲһһڶô򵥵飬һһڶ
˻֣ܶϾ̫ˣһ֣ҶסĻǿɾʹ²ˡ
Ȼ޵α˻ûйʲô֮ȴŷǳĬϡ
α޵ѸԶããɽзȥٶ֮죬һ㣡
Ҷ׷ᣬҲߣĻȻΪ󻼡
һ̣Ҳٶ˼ޣ
߶£ƽâʢһֽɫС̫һ˲׷ȥ
һ׷һӣ˺ܿ뿪սܲŲԶããɽַȥ
˵ٶȶޱȣһӺѾ뿪սܲʮˣαǾЩġ
Ͼһӵʱ˵ܾˣǶǿ˵Ƭ֮ھܸϹ
Ϊ˳Ҷ˼ǰУ㷭ɽղһƬĸ̲ͣ
·㲻ߣǧСմ˴֮αһ˪˵
ҶС֣ˮãҰѡ֮ػɣ
޵Ҳ˵ţԼα֣һԽҶնɱڴˡ




901 ɱ
һƬããڣ¶ɰʯͷһ紵ԶҶԵø
Ҷ׷˰Сʱڰ֮Ƭ̲׷޵αˡ
Ҳα޵ͣȴģ
Ҷնɱ˳·鳤޵α˵ǲĳˡ
ڳ׷Ļ֮ǰͣҶնɱˡ
˰СʱսܲѾϰ֮ˣʱ򣬾ԤеԮҲˡ
ԭ˲ͣȴҶǰ
ܿ죬Ҷ׷ԭҶٶȾͲ٣˸ոͣҶ׷˽ǰ
˿ĻҶ˿ûжŭɫƽˮ˿̣κضӰ첻ǿųҵɱġ
ֻһԲǰһǿϢȻŷ߷·һһ㡣
СɣҲȲ㣡
α˪ִ̧һƬɫҶֹͬʱ޵Ҳˣһ˺ɫǹǹâҶǰѨȥ
Ȼǵһκȴϵ൱ĬαȻߣ似ȴǶôĳڣһȻ档
ȻȻ󹦷Ҷ𲻵ãҶʯ־ǿޱȣ޷ҡֻö
ַۺɫǼĴʥҩֻҪһʱʮɹɶӲ
ֶԵǳһУһʱڱҪŮ˽ţĻȻѪѶޱȡ
ҶȻֺ֪ɫʲôҲ֪αдľԲʲôöȻйء

Ҷֶֻһĳһƽͻ磬ɫȥ˴ȥ
αɫһ䣬ִʥҩԼǲ£һ޵Ļ롣
æӻóһ֧ƿˣ浽һɫҩ裬ָ޵ȥͬʱǧȥ³
޵Ҳ֪αЩȻжһɲǱס˺Լ˵
˿αĻֱһ֣ҩӹʱһĸоֱθҲø
죬һҲӲ
һȣҶ˫Ľ⣬϶ʼмĽ⣬޺һ㣬ȭ޵ǹȥ
޵һ֪Ҷ޵Уⲫս˵Լ¾߽ս񾳽ľ԰ҲҶĶ֡
ҶͽӲԼķ˺ɫǹΪѿǹǼҴķ
֮һĸ߼鳤õĺɫǹǰǹƵƷ
˿̣Ҷȭͷ޵һŭȣˣ˺ɫǹ֮Уɫǹ·ڹ⡣
ǹâǣҶȭͷݺݵײһ𣬷
䡭
Ҷ˿޵ǿķ׮վȣһ󳱺죬Ѫһ󷭹
޵аݣҶȭͷ̫ǿˣӴòȫȥ⣬һԼǽˡ
ݡ
αȻҶ޵ɱˣԼһ˾޷Ҷɱ˿̣Ҳϳˣ˫һһԶü̳У͸ü̼Ҷ˫ۡ
бؾȣ
αܹŵλãƽľȻֵģ似Ҳеġ
ԶüײʹãԴӼ޸µ֮ԶüװεԶʵս壬һϰ߶ѡ
⵹˵αԵжãǸûֵԶü̡
ԶüҲǸ߽׷һżеõģԴӵõ֮һֱΪķ
죬αڶԶụ̈һֱɱУƱҪҶɱΪȥĳ·
Ҳ֪һһĻԼ޵˭ҲҶĶֻ֣нս񾳵ߣʵսѾԶԶ磡
Ͼ߽ս񾳽ų޵дڵ鳤Ҷˣ
ü̼âҶҲӲӣϾ˵۾ĵطɲðա
ͿԳʤ׷޵Լȥʱٲһȭնɱ
ȴ˲ˣӺʹһţ˫žǶڵһ㣬ˮƽܹ˵ɱУͬʱҲʧȥ˼׷ɱ޵Ļᡣ
һ̣Ҷ˺ܶ࣬Լۻɱ߽ս񾳽α޵û⣬ֵ£ԼҪսʤǾͲôˡ
޵һѾˣжǲͬھĴ򷨣һʱ䵹Ҷκá
һȴη֮ģǱģҶǿȭ֮޵һ˫۳죬뵽ԼүүҶле龰һصС
Ҷ
޵һеĴǹ洫Ľ֮ѧʮǹʩչһʱ䣬ǹӰǹâ·һŴҶ档
αһִۺɫһֻֻӶụ̈ʩչСɹҶ˿񹥡
ݣ
ݣ
Ҷһѷɵɳһɳĵâֱ˼ȥ
ͬʱҶȭѪѪϣͲҪԵȥתȭķȻȻıѪЧ
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Ҷȭͷ˵ıϵײһı죬·һ㣬˶졣
˷ĽҶδʩչɱеǰ£Ȼһʱ޷ˣЩԾ
ⲻ֪α޵е𾪱Ҷǳ˱ɱ֮ġ
һ޵ھѾ޼ˣս磬ɱϾҲǴоԶĹңҲһЩΪ֪ľѧġ
ȻҶս޵УѹͬߣҲľͽ޵նɱǶɱС
ǡѪǡ硯Ҫһ׼ʱ䣬ȫʩչĻᡣ
ο߻һʱα
䡭
Ҷһȭ޵ǹϣԵһ˴ǹ֮У޵ȥ
޵æǹˣʱαҲߣҲޱȣҶӦ൱
ҹ
һֱڱλҶŭˣһα̹Ķü̵ļͷȥ񱩵͸Ŷ
飡
αһ𣬲òסеĶụ̈ϽȥؿһƣԾҶʵˣ
һתۣѾսʮӣԾɲʤҶȻض࣬ÿһη˸емܡ
һ̣뵽û֮ǰս˴ϣ˶Ҷ䳰ȷΪɡ
ڸղţǻΪ˵֮£ҶʮжŲ¾ͻᱻնɱ
ڣйȥˣǶоԼأΪˣҶԾɺûһȻϬظܡ

ҶһХ˫⣬޵üȥ

Ҷ׼ȫ֣·




902 ɱ޵
䡭
޵׻˴ԭأƴֿҶľ񹥻ľԭԶҶȻ⵽ʱš
һֱ޵ڷҶⲫ̴ǹԶ֮㣬ҶԶнĻᡣ
αЭɫû뵽ҶͻȻ֮ʩչ񹥻⧲̱˴
ۣ
޵һѪָҲѾ⵽شŵæȥ
ۿ޵ˣα漱ˣҲ֪һҶɱ޵ԼҲ֮

һŭ⣬αչһ˫üвҶҪƵܼ޵׷
޵ŻˣԭΪ֣ԽҶеû뵽Χ£ҶԾܹչϬķ
Ҳ֪αԼҶҲ֧Ų˶ãһϵƣѾ˰һ
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һ޵תطǿнѹȥٴͶսһ˺ɫǹǹâ
һʼ֮սͽ˰Ȼ״̬˫Уѷѽ⣬Χɰ˵ɨУ˰׷ԲһƬյء
ȥǰ취һԣȻ׷Ǳ뾡ս
α֪һڳԼ޵ܹҶնɱҲӲ׷ɱ
ﬣ
޵һǹ̳ӭҶһȭȻαͷѪһһҧȼսֱ
αҲȼԼΪ˸ӱ𣬶ԼĳŵͬʱҲõϢҲƴˡ
ȭ˷ĹҶվԭأˮ˳޽ˮ͸ˡ
һս˵ΪһսΪα޵ֺͲҪĴ򷨣Ƶ޷ʩչɱС
޵ʱ򣬼ˣҲûչ
˿̣ƴˣѹ׵Ĺʩչ֪ԼҪȫɱҲҪȼ
˲֪ȴڵޣ²ΪεԸûнȫסǾԲġ
Ȼ˺޵ƴˣԼҲòȼˣʵǵˣԼûаʤ㡣
һҶĿдʱţ˲쳹ؼ䣬Ҷ۾ɢһΣյϢ
޵α˿ҶͻȻ֮ȫĽ⣬Ȼ۾ûʱ͵Ϯ
ৣ
˲䣬Ҷ˫ۣ׹⣬·ûͫʣȫ۰ףֹ龰ͷ
һۣͬʱ֣Ҷȥˣ֪ܴﵽʲô̶ȣ
һ̣˶Щڣ˵ʲôˣֻƴȫϣܹҶеֻне˲п

ɫǹգͻأĳҶߣʺȥǹâƥ
αգΪŮˣ˽˵ֶü̻۵ĹâҶߣϢҶС´ȥõ˿

ҶһȣȭһǲѪ޵ĺɫǹͬʱִһѪӭα۾Ķü̡
ͬһʱ䣬ҽ߳żϷ·۾һжụ̈ӿȥ
ﬣ
ȭ׺޵ĺɫǹײһһ½ɫǹƫ룬޵æ֣ҶŰԼ
Ȼˣ˫ֻҲˣѪ졣
ݡ
ԴͬʱһҶɵ·ʶ޵ĺļȥ
޵ͷĲ˾޴ΣգæһӣҶɵұһֱӽұն

޵춯صһ˻ұڵϣѪӿɫɷޱȡ
ֱһ̣ĺڣʱսܲʱгµغڣôĲһΪҶ˷
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û뵽Ȼս٣һӴĻ롪ǿƥһ棬ǱƵóµزòʩչѪǧĶߣ
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ʵȴһθһ޴ЦҶʵ̫ǿˣֵԾ޷Ҷնɱ
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α𾪣ΣҶнս񾳵ߣԼܶģҶû˿ԽС
޵ˣƾԼܽҶնɱ
ʱǶô緢·ҶԼϵ⣬ԼڸҪ
ڣԼ޵ֵԾ޷˳ɱԼ޵ƣ
αаսôʱ䣬ȼ£ԼҲ˺ܶ࣬ͲţҶûġ
´˿̵ҶҲѾǿ֮ĩˣֻҪԼټƬ̣նɱҶܹġ
ͬʱҶ·һȻһУԵΪģȫ
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һ˲䣬α뵽˶ԲߣҲǾþսǿߣʵսḻû޵ǣ£ֻܽԼѹ׵ľѧʩչ

һٵתαϵ·һ¶֬һļ͸죬ɢž˵ջ
αɱﵣһֱ˳µ֮⣬û˼ʩչ־
űưԵģαǽ£һһͶ㶼йǵȻ
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ŵ
Ҷ˵ֻϧûãѹҲԶҡҵ֮ģʡʡɣ
α̾˿û뵽㾹Ȼɳô죬ҲҪȻ㣬Ϊ㻹ûʸȻ󣬵ɱ𣿡
ⷬҶĶûκ쳣֮ļʯαִﵽɫླҲ޷κβ
Ȼ
޵Ķȴһˣ·αⷬǶԼ˵һ
һ̣޵ѪӿαӦһҪϧŮӣҶִݻĶͽΣԼҲҪαҶɱ
໡
޵һǺֳǹһͬ;һǰƣݺݵҶײȥ
ʱαһЦӿԶȥ
Ҷи̾αǸˣһ޷ȻԼȻ޵ˡ
޵ѾסˣȫǱܼҶҲȫӦԲС
ߣ
һߣҶһȭǡѪµֱӽ޵Ļâѣֱ֮۶鿪
ʹ޵˲ѹԼαˣαĵơ
Ȼ
ʱ˵ҲûˣҶͣһƳȥֱӽ޵ԴˣѪԽĴŽ
һţȻĻ




903 α
һƳ޵Ҷͣƽչһα׷ȥ
Ů˲ҪնɱĻһߣպɱͲһ׵ˣ
޵赲ҶƬ̣αӣ
һ̣ˣҶʵԶԶ󣬾ȻܹԼԻ
ڷӵαͻȻжæлͷһŵӰˤֻҶһ⣬ڿԼȽ
ȼҶٶ˼ޣ·Ļһʵһ㡣
֮䣬Ҷ׷˾αһ׵ľ룬һһҶɵһ߲߳ʹâαĴȥ
ɽʽ磡
ٶȻԶʽ⡯ͬһʱ׷α
α󺧣ִһ̣üײҶɵϣסűɱһٶȻ
ûٴμ٣ҶѾǰһǡѪӭ
С֣Ҫ̫
αʩչһԶüȺȭâϣǿҶɱУҲױͣˡ
죬·
Ҷһٴγ֣һȭȭȥÿһȭǽѹһٽ㣬Ȼٴȥȭâ΢ֵᱬըһʱз·ڷ񻨣ըڶ
Ӳ˼ȭ֮αЩԲˣȻԼڿ˵㣬ҶԼԾûа飬ǿһûһ㡣
£ԴӳûܹĵԼˣֻԴӼ޸µ֮󣬾Ҳûʩչ
αĿ־ҶЦˣͬѷɵΪ·αҪȥ
ͬʱҶ˫ȭͷһαȥ
ৣ
α󺧣ǿתʣƴȫֵͬʱɻԼΪ߽ս񾳽ǿߣӦҶŶԣԼҪľˣҶȴԾɸûһ⾿һʲôĹ̥
ת䣬ҶķɵѾˣαӶеĶụ̈ȺڷɵĵâϣɵƴһӭҶȭâ
䣡
һ죬αҽһҶȭâɳȥڰգһѪ
ţҶٴתɽһɵâαĵϣƵ
ۡ
αѪ磬׹ڵϣϵĲţҶ˵Сúݶ
ߣ
Ҷһߣƽαǰˣκֶζ̸֣κݶ֣Ҫ˵ݶҶʲһ
СҲŹġ
֪ԼﱻƣһϣαѾױˣԹؿҶ˵
֮˵ɣһ֮հɡҶָָԱ߲ԶһСϪ˵
α̲ס˸䣬һ԰ľԼפһƣ˥ϣǱɱҪ־塣
αڿ־ȥָоô
Ҷ˵ţα־;ĿУһȭһα
ۡ
αըѣһѪʹ˱
ಡ
ɱαҶͣƽչսܲȥҲ֪ʦûн޸ϻع֮Уһ˾Ͷһ
Ȼ
Ҷصսܲʱ򣬺ȻһѾʧˣϳһ޴ѷ죬ףսܲһЩݺȻһ
˵ĸˡҵȨ߶´ʲô
ҶȫһʵĿҶͷʾԼѾ޵αնɱ
ҶͷЩϳɾϼһϾͲµĽʱһݡ
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аʸ£ȻѾȫϣٵҲûʲôˣлкܶȥиǣ
˼峤÷վǣʱȫû֮ǰֺɵľһ˴Сѧһ
룬ѾʧˣЩȫնɱʱӦûʲôΣˣͬ÷Լ뿪
һӦˣҲ׷վǣͬʱʾԼʱĵǲֻҪ£֪ͨһضϵ
ˣ˻֮⣬˵Ҳ׷ǣٲȻߵߡ
һʱˣ׵ҲѾָһЩȻɫԾɷǳ԰ףôжѾûʲôˡ
Щ׹Ҿ˳Լ˻ȥˣһʱսֻܲʣԪ˻
˶ˣҶǰһĵʦټ˼ˣһΪ
ΪǲǣЦе˵ʵ㣬ԼΪԼɣôҲû
ϲƶǹؼԵһ˵е򣬿ϲɺذ
׺Ԫ˷׷ǰԼףأͬʱܺΪڶ̶ʱڿپۡ
ʦʱ֮󾿾ʲôҺС˼ѹ·Բ֮ڷתڵҲûҵ˿ټҶͬ棬ʳеɻ
׺ԪҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿʵںܺ棬ļ
ҵ֮󣬲ûڵϣֱ˺С
ĹâؽԼڽ֮е




904 جΣ
˵֮׹˽صĺУһֱףһĿռ䡣
ǸռǽһأΪϹһҩһӵһԴҺ
֮⣬ﻹϹµһЩĵãͻԪ̡
ʱƼΪأȴܹͨҩκƣõ˸졣
ƻָ֮бչ
ΪվھۣûκϣԴҺٶȼ졣
ɽ޼ӣ꺮֪꣬Լ֪Լչ˶ãһֱ˶ս񾳣ͣ
ս񾳺δ뿪ǸĿռ䣬ϸϹµĵãӶǹؼԵһҺԪ
Ŀǰѽڰٷ֮ʮϵҺתΪԪֻγɡԪϵԪ
ң⻹ΪˡԵʣԶͬߣѳΪԪǿߣ

˵ҶһпǿҲøĻôҲôʱٴ޳ɹҳɹ˵еԪ
Ȼ׺ԪĽҶЩ죬ͬʱҲΪң
̸Ѿ׼һϺõľϯõʳĶǸոմһɱޣνǳʢ
ս˵аڿ˾ϯ߳Աġ
׶ƱһƣףֳɹǹؼԵһԪҸɱ
ĻҶԪӦŵ׷׾ٱأȻҲ˾Ʊ
һ¶ǣٴεһžڶƣΪҶȣϲ𱱺ʥܳޣͨ˵Ʋȫ
Ҷû뵽Լ£Ǵ˿ȴֲ˵ʲôֻøžٱ˵ףء
֮ԪЦŴȤƱѲʲôأ
΢΢һЦȻףһδ޵֣ЭΪ˱లȫԼһݹף
ƹ˿ʼͲ͡
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ԪͷصѾͳƳˣ߸˰˸ˣ඼ˡ
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üͷȻɻ˵ӦòʲôԶǿķӡ֮أҼǱʥĵطҲûô߽սޣ籡Ԫʵ̫Ũˣ͸Ρ
ͷǵģЩ޷ǳǿ󣬼ǱʥؽеҲˣҹʧ֮޷̽˿ӡռĺۼ
ԪҲǳƣ֪Լ岻죬²ܲ۵ġ
׺о˰Ҳ֪ôֵģ֪ЩǴðģʵǿ˵ҳֺʧĶǳͻأ
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סԪͬʱĿ⿴Ҷ֪ô֪Щ޵ģϾ׺ʶ㣬ḻ˶֪ô֪
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ͱ֤ʵˣĿǰ˵ά磬ͳΪάʵǲԵġ
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侲ȻѾҶĻԾҪȷһ¡
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ײɵõͷҶȷ˵ĻҲ̽ҶԺз·ݷһͷޣţԼǿ̽ҶʶĻıȻԼ
ҿԸˣҵʶһڣоڡһΪصķӵ飬ҳƺΪϡ
ϸңһǳʺ磬ӵ޺ߣʵԶǵ
˵͵֮һصͨӡ赲޷磬κҲ޷
ӡѾɶˣʱпܱƿЩ޵ĳ֣пܾ͵ͨӡƿˡ

׺Ԫȫɵˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ飬ҶĻ쫷һǾ޴ĳ
˵ķӦҶ֪ѾԼĻ˵޵ֲǸźźǰѣţڲõĽȻдЩ޿ɱȵϵ޸ǿ󣡡
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׺һҶ˵Ķģôߺ޶п
һߺ޿ǽȫجΣ
ʱΣ




905 ڵڶ
С¹شܱ֤˵Ķ𣿡
̲סȷϣȻѾҶĻΪ˱ǲĵһ䡣
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Ҷ֣صͷ
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ͷ۵ǣ͵֪ͨʲôʱʲôطͨǵʱѾˡ
Ȼٿս˻飬ͬӦ֮
˶û׵ٴٿ飬ս˸ϵĳԱȫ


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ҶĿУȴǳѹ֡
ҲͨҶ˽⵽սܲ飬ԼҶĲ²⣬ʱή٣嵭Ϊƽϲա
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˵ʱ۾Բˣ֪ôһֻƿװʲô
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Ҳӣֱ˵СΪʦԴҺһսǵʱѾˣ뾡ͻƲС
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ôԴҺ޼֮
Ƕ˵ôԴҺҲò
ллʦһʧ
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ͬʱ˺Ҳеս˵ܲ׵ٿν顣
ңѾųˣҵǻһЩǿߣȴѾûʸˡ
ΪչңԾǲһڲμӻ飬ϾСҲ⣬ڲڧʱǹһ¶⡣
սܲһƧԺٿײûнΧͱˣ˵ǲκݵġ
ЩУи˵ĳ˵ĸ˸ϵ죬ΪȲս˵ĸҲκιҵĴ
ȴû˵ʲôΪǻĵϯͬʱҲҶĸףҶ껣
ƾڹϵĵλμλûκ⣬ټҲһʵǿߣʸμλ顣
ʵϣҶ껻׿ģȻս˻ڻٿΪ쵼ˣȻȨ֪ݣͬʱҲзȨ
λǰ﷢ûǰɣ
ҲϻҲûʱǻ˵һЩûӪĻˣֱӿżɽҶ˵йصĻظһ顣

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죬ûв˼Ҫ֪ڵĿƼѾ൱ˣ̫̽յĲδֹͣȴûκη֣˵ڵ֮ǲܴںһģ֮˵ʵЩ췽ҹ̷
˵ĸվ٩٩̸ӿѧĽǶ˵顣
ĻʱһЩԭͲ֮˵˵ĸͣ׷Ҫ׸һĽ͡
ۿǵˣھ⣬֮˵޻̸֮ĻôЩӡʥָνͣȻǧǰܽռӡôΪʲôͲܴһ磿
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ˣȷһڣӦôأ˺˽Ӵǳַ͵жԵ̬ʵ
ҽټо⣬ɭַشҶ֪ԣӦȷţⲻǷߵ⣬Ƿޡ
ԪŨ̶ȣΪȻǵĸǿ󣬼ǰúƽģҲҪǡ
ǻһ仰شҶ֪֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ
ⷬԱ׷׵ͷɭַЩϳɾļһﵱȻ֪ġ
ͳһ˿˿Σʶ
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ʱʵѾҶ֮⣬֮С
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һֱȻڣ޷;ȡֱϵ
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Ϊ˻ϣ俪˾ڵĵڶܡ
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Ƶǣû˻ظǸֱʧˡ
ӦǾڵĵµȻ޷ϣǾһռ䣬Ƿղ˵棡
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۹۱ǣǹģҶ񣬺ܿڤ״̬һԪ˷ӿڣŴ쿪ʼת
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ҶչʱУȫ˷츲صı仯ڻ֮󣬿ʼ׼سС
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ͬʱͨý׷׷ԣǴµغ֯ƽľ޴ѣµΪоҩˮĲجΣ
֮ǰµŵҩˮǸֲֻᣬһʹ֯µС
ص֪еè壿
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һЩ֯ԱҲòͷ棬±ϳ
һЩŭϳҲûãһһڿˮ
£˵˾ӢǿûҵµصϢ
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οߣµؿɱȽøӽƻĲ̫֮ˣҲ̫ˡ
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ΣܹԼʵڽ޵սҲܹҶΪԼġ
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ŵˣϽѧУȥɣϢĻһ绰ģҲҪˣ̫ҪҽҲæ͵вŹһˡ
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ҪǿҪıǿ





907 ˣ
ϴδս֮󣬵ϵַ˸Եĸı䣬ĴԾûκα仯
ڵϣԾɷֲߴĴһûκθı䣬ıֶֻѡ
һʱƽǷǵûзӽ֮ǰȻѹֵȴκƽĸо
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ǰĵĻϣһ޴Ĺţ޴ӹбӿ
Ȼ֪ǧЩԾɸоΣպѹȸС
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һһӵڻعţһİť
һʱ䣬ҳһ࣬˰ĸ˺ܿ͵õϢϵ˼С
ɽҰޣ˵һӲϣ漴ϱܲԤ
˵ţļǵشͨ˷˸˵ĵ绰ɿؽӻе㱨һ
վģֻսѾɱˡ
Ҷϵ绰صĸȻϰϣеֻҲڵϡ
η޴½ϳֵĹűսֵܲҪ̫ˣԪһŵ
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˵ĸ˷׷׷һ䱸ôʥΧ߹Ÿľٳ룬Ӵ
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ڵĳк͹ŴĳǳȫһŴһЩǳٻгǽͻǺӣڵĳУΪ˷ǵĳУûʲôǽͨ˴û취صס
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ôʱ䣬Ҳ֪羿ôˣҶѾ
Ȼ޷ڶʱͻƵ߽ս񾳽磬Ǿȳأ˵޻ûдٽ֮صĻԼԽűչأսѾˣԼҲܰһæ
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벽Ԫޣ
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˵ĸ˷׷׸ǣһʱ䷵ظݵأǿߣƺƵŰȥ
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ҶǻһţҲȫǿһţԼĹŵӣļ⣡
ڹ˽׶ܽɵΣյĵطȥִȨˣͬʱһ쵼ܣΪίδû




908 Ʋ
ս֮ܲҶֱӷذɽׯͬʱϵսͷ
ȥϲʥزûһǿ߸棬һǿߡ
ٳ֮ǰҶܰ˸һ¡
صɽׯҶȻ֣ܰսۡ˾ͽˮѾɽׯȺԼˡ
ô飬ÿ϶ڱ޵ĶȻҲ֪ˡ
ֱ޴۾ӵĳ򣬵ϸϢǵصıʱս۲ףҶΪʲôôżıչ
Щǿ޵ʵս۱𺳣ӿһСʵЩǿײϣַӾͳΪ޵Ŀʳˡ
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Ҷܰ첽ӭȥҶǼӣֻһ־Ҳ˵
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һֱǿԼҶɸ׺͸ˣ飬ûа顣
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һޣǵñǿܰҲ̲סᡣ
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ȥϲزҶˣ˺͹Ҳǲǿߣֻûһ𣬶ԼϲʥظһСлϡ
;棬ҶͳսȸϵǸСǡ
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ҶһȣЩԭòȵǶʱһݡ
Լ£δսߣɱҡߣɱָߣɱ




909 س
޴½һƬȵһֲգΪ˷棬ܿлϱڡ
ȣĲ֫ⸯٶȱȱĵط죬һɸʬĳζ
ʧȺԽһЩ˱ǿеѪʳҲ̶á
ٿս˽̱֮ͬһЩǿһͬߵѴ½ȥ
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쵰ʱ˾ȻڸС뱣Լʵ
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û뵽Щ˵˾ȻԼΥһףһףС̶žģ
ף԰꣬˵ʲôˣ˭ȥ֧Ԯһ°ɣСԸѣǲ㱨ģγͷЩˣȴһ˵Ҳ١
֪²˳٣ҶǱߺп޳͹ʱ󲻵á
׵ͷһǿѹеķŭҲ֪˵ǶԵģڻЩ˵ʱ
޵֣ȫʥؿ޺սѾ죬Ѿʱ̣ԲﶷˣʧĻྫӢ
֪ͨԪҹ硢ɽѡһЩӢȥ֧ԮС
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սһǺֳֺɫǹҶתǹǹһͷͷޱôǹ̴ɣȺУһҡ
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Ͼ似Ҫģ޵޼츳ͺĲеʱǲֲġ
ܿ죬˱˼ͷ߽ս޵Щ޶Լ޼׷ʩչһʱצӰ죬ǿΧʮԵһЩ޶⵽˲
ҶХһսԼλãΪսļͷԼʵǿԶߣֱһͷ߽սޡ

ҶһǲѪͷ޵޼ûצӰҵȭâݺݵͷ޵ıǼϡ
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أЩڼֲסˣ׷˻ϳҶ׷һձ
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Сʵ̫Сˣһ´סͲôˡ
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ãˣҲҪǱ޵ķĹ
ҶһţսˣȳˣšлƽʱߡҪЩ޽СǵʱըȡЩһصĴ




910 ս
СżڴҶˣϢһ£ָһЩʱҲ٣
飬СϢϾеһж׵ˣЩٴСǺըҩ赲Ҳܳˡ
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ҶпӿǿҵĲԤев鷢ȴûȥ赲
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һ죬µϯķ˿Ҷȴһͷ޼ֱ̫ǿˣս޹ȻǸ߽սܱȵġ

ҶոסӵʱԭĳһצͻȻǰγһԪצӡǰ
顪
ҶһӱķˣѪһڣͷһſһѪ
һٶȼ죬Ҷʱ䣬Ҷâǿħʥ׻ش
˵㲻ҵĶ֣ҾѪΪҵ񱨳𣡡
ͷսһ˿˲׷ȥͼҶ˵˲佫׻ɱ
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֮࣬ҶҲ֪ԼԲսпҪˡ
֮£Ҷֻƴ߶ƽ򶫷ȥҪҲҪֲΪȡʱ䡣
ܣܵ𣿣
ս޲Ҷͼ˻һ׷




911 Ԯ
Ϊڶ࣬ʵǿҶòѡǣʱܿ޵ķâԪԮչս
ͬʱΪ˸޳شѡṩĴըҩըͷޣƾǿʵɱͷ߽սޡ
ζû뵽һͷ޳ûͷ߽ս޵޺֮󣬾Ȼһͻ˶ս񾳣޷ƥУֻǱܡ
ಣ
Ҷȫ߶ƽһһӶݡ
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ս޽׷ᣬţҶ˵¾Ӳ˶ԶͻᱻԼ׷ϡ
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СսллСĹģڵҲ֪Ȼ޳ʱǴˣ˭֪ϲʥожǿ޻ûг֣һЩٴ޳صס㵣СұţСһûµġ
ǰ磬үү˵ûտأһ޴ٽĻǼܹɱһѪ·ӻȥЩô죿ҲߵһӣѵĿǱ޲ɱ̳Ե𣿡
һǿѹסҶĵǣսʹ˵ԣΣǾ֮ء
߸ǹŴ±ݣǼǽѹԾصĵط

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Ҫ˵ԼҶ֮飬ǾǣɹϵٺҲûгðɣ
ҶŮѣȻûй˭ҲϹӡ
͸˵ˣ˵ǿҶһ㶼Ϊ˶վȳ߸ǣԼ˵ʲôأ
Ĭ˺ܾãսڵͷʾԼЭˡ
Ԫ״϶ҹ˵̼ˣ߸ǽֻҪ߸ǣ޳ôǿҲһԾصĵط
˵Ҫ߸ȥ˵ЩǶʱϲ⣬ĺˣûнӴ޵Ѿ˵
һ̵ĳǳΪУǿķ󷨣ڵҪúܶ࣬ټԪڣҲͲԼٳȥˡ
ܿ죬㼯ϣӣ߸Ƿȥ
ϲصڻģ׵ĵӣϲصĵ൱ϤΪٺʲˡ
ڴ׼εʱ򣬶ͻȻһըװ࣬ɱҵˣ˭Ҳ߲ˣҪǵѪҵͬǣ
һɫƬͷϳźɫǵĶս޽̤һУлץһɫĻʹڡ
~
Ԫ˵һ𾪵Ըӣû뵽ؼʱ̣ͷս޾Ȼ׷ˡ
ৣ
˵Щɫ˲䣬ϳſ־壬Ǵһ㣬ҵزš
⡭
ǰһڣԵڵϣղѾͷޣǱҶߵͷսޡ
ˣҶȴûг֣ζʲô
Ҷˣ
Ҷ𣿡
룬Ҳһ
Ƕ֪Ҷ֮ǰսߣ񣬶սȥҶȴټ
⡭ΪҶ˶ս޵У
Ҷ
ͷ֣ս޵һ˻ŴǹҪȥƴ
ͳҹڡӡɪǵҲ˫۷죬һҪƴļƣ
һ̣ѾȴΣգֻ֪Ҷǵѣˡ
ҪΪҶ

ս׼ֵͬʱԪһҹ硢ɽ˵סս˵ȥ·ȵҶҲͷĶ֣ȥʲô𣿣
ৣ
Ԫŭ⣬սξѣϵķŭ鵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮أ
Ϊ
ǶԪ֣Ҳ޷ֵսޣ
ǺпܶҪ




915 
ԪҲ֪Ȼս޳ˣҶȴûг֣ôʣҶѾˡ
ͬʱҲ֪޷ֿսޣֻʱסΪսȡʱ䡣
ʱȣѾݲˣԪһˣҹ硢ɽһ֮ǺͷסΪӮʱ䡣
ҹɽҲ֪ԼֵĻƾԪһǾ޷ֵսޡ
һƵĻ˭ҲӲˡ
ЩлԼϵĴˣҲҪסǵ˲ԼͬվԪֱ࣬Զս޵
ٺٺٺ١
ս޷ҹһЦ˵ƾҲסңֱ롣˵е඼ҪΪҵ˺ͬᣡ

䣬צӣ
սһצĹԪһ󲨶˲һâ۳ɵצͻأسԪǰݺݵȥ
Ԫз֪ͷ޾Լ֪޼ʱ̶ڷš
ৣ
һâ۵צԼз컭ꪶȻݰתݺݵײצϡ
ǿʵתȻƿ˶ս޵ıɱһֱӽצˡ
ǿķҲĻˣѪ˳ű£޶Ŀ
ȻеУȻܵסһǲ
ս޲ĿԪһۣ漴չ˱һĹһʱ磬צӰء
Ԫҹ硢ɽƴֿͬʱԼǿɱʩչ羪κеʯһŶս޵Ĺ
ͬʱս˴߿߸Ƿ룬ȻҲһ֮Ҳ֪ԼЩ΢ĩʵҲֻңﲻʲôæ
ֻҪܹЩ˴߸ǣʤˣʱųǣ޳Ҳ˼ְա
ڱսһԣʱ̶ڹעⶥڣΪ֪ʲôʱҶͻð
Ԫˣս޲û̫ĳޣֻҪŭй
Ҷ
ǡ
˽ԼλͬȫնɱΣҲҪ̻ˡ
еǣһ·ϣϴ͵ϮԼɣԼ֮ҶҲûгˡ
ս޼ţǸɶͶûôʱһֱûг֣һʲôè塣
Ҷʲôè壬֪ԼʵãǶս޵Ķ֣˿ھڵռн߾ȫس߽ս񾳣
߽ս񾳽нս񾳽Ȼϲһ֣Ǳȴһģǽѹͬǣ߽ս񾳽ѹø¶ѡ
Ҷͷ߽ս񾳽޵ָ㣬ѹѾ൱оˣͻƲѣǷȱֻѡ
ŬͻƵʱͻȻоսȴ˾ڣƺڽŴս
ãս׷սˣҪͻƣҪͻƣ
ҶʲôϵԼͬʱƴԴҺеԪתΪ
磬սһʼͽ˰Ȼ״̬Ԫҹ硢ɽƴȫֵս޵Ŀ񹥡
ȻûսΣı£ȴֳ˼ߵĬȣϵ൱Ĭ
ԪĴԶжͬھƴ򷨣Ƶöս޲òСӦܶл˵еһȴΪԼ˶ˡ
ҹһ̵սܲ͸磬ǰɱʦүóںڰУŻϮɱĿ꣬϶һɱġ
սٴȻʵǶӲӲսжٻǳԿġ
ƽɽ򶥽սʩչжֱӶչ񹥻
һԶһһνǻƽϣһʱ仹Ľͷս޸סˡ
Ҳ֪ȥԼҲ֧Ų˶ãΪսʵ̫ǿˣÿһιǲòȫ⡣
꣡
սһӣɽȸˣսͷ϶ĺɫ߻ؿڣɽÿ죬һڶƵķǰĻһҪ
ȻˣɫҲǶķһֲѪ
ûɽĸԪҹ˶پѹͬһʱ䣬ҹ㱻ս޵Ԫצɳȥһ·Ѫ
ԪʵǿģսҲչſһӰһ쵶Ķͷնȥ

Ԫһдꪻһݺݵ쵶ӭȥҵâҹգһͿˡ
䣡
һ죬ԪӦ׷ɳȥ洫ĴҲˣɫһƬɷףȾѪ챻ŲѣʣҴܡ
̼䣬˶ˣ۶սޣȴûˣϢǿڿŴ˿ٱƽ
ӲЦû뵽Ǹ߽ս񾳽磬Ƕս޵Ķ֡
˿̣սǻû̫ԶϾ˶ĸ־Ӣ˾ϲ⣬ɳĶһЩЩ˶Կ޲УƿڧȴһѺ֡
ȻĹУȴԾੲݣ˵սֻԼȥ֮һҪԼ飬ϳսǣսɱ䣡
սûг֣ȴȥˡҹڣ
ΪɱҹĴˣֹ϶գ֮䣬㽫ɳ߻ɱŵ˼нͣ
ߣܿ㣬˭ĥߴֺݣˣʱпܱ޳׷ϣٸĥߴĻҲǵļһλ
ҹ˵Ȼǻ񣬲͵ä£ǻǶ˼һֻүٸԼȣܵıӶ졣
ͬʱԪ˶һۣӱ˴˵ж˾һȣԪȼƱǣ׼ƴˡ
ҹںɽҲȼ
ȻǶ֪ٲƴĻ¾ֻǵˡ
УҶҲӦı仯Ѿڱ״̬޷ټˣһƴѹ
Ѿѹһε£Ҫٴѹףѹֱ̫ӾͻڱըʱԼʬ޴档
ҶǷһĳѹٽʲôطһ㲻СѹͷըҲԼ̫˺
У
ǲУ
ſԣ
һδεĳԣҶļ٣ʱֶ룬ʱ




916 ֮
κߣֻҪﵽս񾳣תΪ֮󶼿ȼԶƽʱս
ı׶ҲԶ׼ģȼ֮󣬻ԪˣҪķѺܳʱ;ܽʧпܵ侳磡
߾֮ǰһԭľ磬Ϊˣԣ򲻵ѵʱҲǲԸȼġ
ԪѾѡȼƴĻҪ˵ͷսסԼ߶ˡ
ΪǶˣ£Ψƴһ;򲻹ԼҪԼĴҲ⣬߿ûܻŻȥ
ȼ֮սѾﵽ߽ս񾳽۷壬սҲòضԴˡ
ûõģʲô޷ıǱ඼Ҫ
սĿһۣҲżϾؿǣ·ûнȼ¡
޺һģһʼʵĲ࣬ԽԽѣÿһҲԽ
ʮս񾳵ȫԽһнս񾳵Űɱʮнս񾳵ҪŰɱһ߽ս񾳽߾ͺˡ
ͬ£޵ʵ໹΢ǿôһЩģ޵ǿ츳似
Ʒ˵츳似Բκκ似ǿͺĲ𣬳һЩž޵֮⣬ܴɡ
һսޣȻǸոս׳ɹȴȫŰɱ߰˸߽ս񾳽۷ߡ
УͷһҲģԪȼȻԼĶ֡
ԪȻҲ֪ʵǱֻһԣĲУҲΪսӮߵʱ䡣
˶һۣչȼǲֳ֧õģԼǿʱܹͷشĻò

Ԫһȣӿһ׳ȥĺɫꪷ·ԵĻһ㣬ӵֱӷС
ҹɽҲϷ˹ȼǣƽǿĹ

ԪдꪼһâնŶսк
һ̣ǲƺƴ߶Ա˵УȫһĴ򷨡
ҹҲƴˣеĶ̵Ƕߵоһʱ׼һ
ɽȫ߶ӪһֲĻþԶս޽иš
ǿֱӰģսѾ࣬ԶڻҲȫߡ
ȫڿУƷνΧм籩һĹ޵ϡ
˵˶Ҫȴʼɣ
սҲŭˣ߼ֱǲ֪ԼȲһ磬ȻҲҪԼ֡
໺𡭡
սһƱɫһɮڹ⣬󲿷ֵĹӲ
ͬʱչķ
һצɽȥ
ΪɽʵеᡪȻ̫˺ȴӰԼƵжϣҲˣУɽʵģȼҲһ
ɽȼյĲǸʿֻȼӶǿá
ۣ
ս޷ˣһצӽɽķɳȥؿȥһצӡعǶˣֱࡣ
ɽ飬ȾѪ߷һӿ׹䣬ݺݵڵϣ޷شʧȥս
ɽ
ԪҹͬʱУ֪ɽǻͬʱи𾪣ԼĹûжԶս޲вսһצӾͽɽشˡ
ȼŵҲΪɽĻԶжˣʱ˿ʱпܱ

ҹ۾ˣֽԼӲĶ̵˦ȥֱ޵ʺȥκʺļط֮һ
ͬʱҹ͵سȥΪ˫ִһâҶս޵ߡ
ৣ
Ԫϵ൱ĬꪴһǰƣͷϵĶǺݺȥ
ߣ
һߣһצҹķɵ䣬ͬʱһγɵҹȥ
䡭
һװı죬ҹ˫ֱεĳУ˫̱ˣѪ

ҹҽһһͣӲܿƵĴӿеȥεĳ˫֣ǰһĵڣѪ˲Ⱦǰ·
ͨ
ҹݺݵڵϣһֱӻȥǰ˿ڱһ£ѵĸˣܹࡣ
ҹ硭
ԪһХ˫۳ĶǰͷޣһҸƴˣ
㲻УղֶҵĶ֣ھʣԼˣΪ㻹ϣ𣿡
ս޺ϾûнԪԪǾܹԼһʱôЩûκһԼĶ֣һЩһЩ׷ϣǲġ
ҳϣǿǼҲҪ֪಻ۣ
Ԫ˴ꪣ˫ԼϵļҪѨϺݺݵĻ˼£ϢȻٴμǿ
ףʲôԲ𣿡
սȤĿԪû뵽ȻԼѵ񾭴˲ɣ
ܿʶԣһȥԪϿѪϢȴԽԽǿ
֮ʣԪʩչҵĽ
һְضѨ˳򣬰زͬĻӶﵽƳǱܵһְԵ
һʩչǰǱʹߺܾܿʹֹǰΪԶͣϣд
ĻԪԲʩչ
ɣôҲı䲻˽ֻʹѣ
սһ˿âͷ϶ڹ˸˲䷢һߣԪüļ
ɣ
Ԫһȣֻӳһ˴ǹһâųҵĻ棬һӽˣֱȼճޡ
սһֱԪײŷˣͲԪƴ

Ԫһȣ˫ȭҵȭâݺݵӭȥ
ʱԪǽԼܷӵʵˮƽˣٲеĻֻˡ
սһ˫ǰצʮצâӭԪȭâͬʱüѿһ϶һâ漤
䣡
âײԪâʱһ죬ֱԪɢˡ
ͬʱսҲԪߣֱײȥ
飡
Ԫһӱײɳȥһ죬ع߹Ǳײ˺üʹǰһڣЩҹɽ˵ĺ󳾡
˵˶Ҫ
ս޻ӿһԪƽ
Ҫ㣡
ս޵Ļ䣬һŭ
ţ
սһŤͷڿȥ
עУͻȻʧˣȡ֮ҶӰ
˿̵Ϣǣ¸ɢɱ⣡
ɱ⣬ͬˮһ㣬Ŷսϯȥ
㡭㾹Ȼͻˣ
ܵҶɢ˸߽ս񾳵Ϣս޲һ




917 ɱսޣ
ռһĴڣʮһʱٶ߶ԣֱ죡
ڶս޺Ԫ˴սͬʱҶǿԼȥעսһĳų߽ս
üΣҶ߻ħƾǿ־Ӳͦ˹ѹ£Ũ
ѹֳһֵĽɫ֮£·𶼱˵Ľɫ
һʱ䣡
߽ս񾳽֮ǿ̬нױԶ
Ҷѹų󼰵;飬ô̵ʱͻƼǲܵġ
ҶˣȫѹҺ̬֮С˺ܶ࣬ոԪתΪ
ѹľ֮ԪȻȻѹҺ̬
һһǸ̬ѹ֮󣬱øԴȻ͸ˡ
Ҿѹ֮ҶоԼѹÿһܹǰѹܴﵽЧ
ѧΪͻƶԣΪͻҪ׵ö࣬ҶһˮɵĸоѧΪͻƵͬʱҲΪ˳ͻ˸߽ս񾳣
ոͻƣҶоսƺˣжʱӿһɲĸо˲Ϲ̸ոͻƺ󲢲ȶľ磬һռ䣬ԼʶС
һ֣Ҷ㿴Ԫ˴龰ʱŭ˫Ľ⣬ڷһɿֲϢΪģܱŷ
սһ֮ϻָƽĮǸһҶȥ
Ϊͻ˾ҵĶˣ̫ˣҪ˵ֻͻ˸߽ս񾳣ͻƶս񾳣Ҫ˺飡Ȼ֮ǰҪ˺ǣʧȥͬ˵ʹ࣡
ս޶ҶνǺ޵㣬е࣬һ͵ϮԼԼƤӵնɱԼͬ顣
սҪ֮֮ҶǰԪ˺ˣҲһԼǰɱԼȴûκΰ취ʹࡣ
ûлˣ
Ҷ˵𽥻ָƽݵķŭ֮
Ϊ֪Ѿ飬ԼôŭҲ޷ı֣ΨƽֶνսնɱܾԪˡ
ҵҪôֹң
ս˵ţ̧һֻצӣңңԪȥɵצʵҵĹâ
˵ԪѾشûˣôһҲɣοһ¶ֻǿ֧ŲԼȥѡ
˵ûлˣ
Ҷһһɵ·Խ˿ռһ㣬ݺݵײɵצϣֱӽ֮նˡ
ͬʱҶˣƽˢһչһ⣬򶥽ս޼ȥͬʱһǲѪȥ
н׺͸߽֮űϵĲнս۷壬ֻҪûͻƣԶ֪߽ս񾳽羿жֲ
нս񾳵ʱҶĲѪѾǳֲˣһɱ߽սޡ
ҲͻƵ߽ս񾳽磬ٴʩչѪʮֹһӾͽΧԪɾˡ
ҵȭâҹգԪȭâϣγһ޴Ĺȭ
ս͵һ飬û뵽ոͻƺҶʵȻǵ˿ֲһȭѾвˡ
໺𡭡
սһ˲ʩչ츳޼˫צһʮǵĽצ⵲Ҷɱһȭ
䣡
Ҷȭͷʮצâʢһ㣬һ죬ֱӽɵצˣ񱩵ϯķ
ʲôⲻܣ㻹ûͻƵս񾳣ôôǿ
ս޾ˣʮ޼ǿ޼֮һΪһоܽҶˣܹش
û뵽ҶȻܹƵԼǿ޼ֻǹ΢ͣһ¶ѣûˡ
еһ˿ǰɶ྿ʲô̥Ϊʲôôǿ
ʲôУʹɣûлˡ
һ֣ҶĴ߽ս񾳽нս񾳽Ȼ֮
ڲǰԼͷ׷ɱ·ţԼȴѾܹս·硣
⣡
սͷȻ𾪣ȴûԱֳϾľǶҶͻƵ߽ս񾳽磬ԾɱҶ߳һ硣
ҪΪƵҵ޼ͳԶˣҵʵ㻹ûе඼Ҫ
սĶҶ˵Ȼ˼Ҿͳȫ㣡ģҲ˷Ѫģôǿ࣬ѪһǳζһὫԵа˷ѣ
Ҷ˿壬ڰУĵ仰ͬ͸㣬ͬѾٻˣ㻹Ǹžȥɣ
·ԪɵˣԭΪҶѾˣû뵽ȻͻȻ֣ܹսн¶ս޵һɱ
һʼʱԪֱԼ۾ΪԼ̫ض˻þʹ۾ǿԼ̧ͷпȥ
ֱҶһƵ˶ս޵ʮ޼ŸţǰһоȻġ
ҶСͷѿ϶
Ԫ֪ҶѾͷ޽ֹɱѾ˽⣬Ҷ˵æѡ
үү㿴ģ
Ҷ˵ţսپҹɽδԪҲܵش鲻ãҪˡ
뵽Ҷϳ˫ۼ⣬޵ȥ

Ҷȶ
ݡ
񹥻ûã
սܹﵽڵĸ߶ȣҲǷǳǿģֻûϵͳ޷ӳ˵УԱȴǴ´ࡣ
ҶҲûд㿼񹥻ȡʤֻҪܹӰһ˲͹ˡ
ŹʼҶ߶ƽֱս޵ǰ˫ȭݺݵͷǺŴȥ
ⲫ㻹У޷ȵġ
໡
˵ҶȭһצײһֱӱҶצˣҵʹĵľ̲ס
ⲻܣôһҪǿ󣿡
սͷǼһڹ⣬ӿٵȥһɲĸо
ûʲôǲܣɣ
Ҷս߰ɱֱִͣһ˲һ˳ǹݺݵײڹֱӽڹײɢˡ
ͬʱҶ߶ƽӰε׷ȥһѷɵƷνΧм䡣
߲ʵĵâţ˵ɱƵöս޲òֳһȥѷɵ
ȥ
Ҷ˫ȭ״ȭâΧԪˣȭâգ棬ͷһ򶥽ս޴ȥ
໺𡭡
սһͷѿһ϶һâͬʱצǿ޼ӭҶ˫ȭ
䣡
һ죬ҶõɳȥʮԶսѪһ󰵵
ͬһʱ䣬ɵˣͬʱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
죬ѷɵ޵ڴ͸࣬ȫ
໡
һҽУս޴ӿеȥû䵽ϱѾˡ
սޣɥҶ֣֮




918 ֧Ԯ
ս޵ףΪʲôҶ߳һ磬ջҼûеֿ֮
ս޴ɻͲȥҶһ߶Ҷɵп壬һö߲ת޺ȡ
ͬʱҶһΣӵԪߣǵʵүүоô
ԪЦһû£ʱˣȥҹɽǣǵӦñء
ҶͷӻóһöԪ£лҩЧˡ
Ҷİ£Ԫѵ£תҴһ㻯ҩ޸˵塣
ҶѸҹԣѸټҹƣҹƼΪأھأϢǳ΢ʵǿ󣬴˿̶Ѿ
һ㣬Ҷҵæ߶֮Ϊҹˡ
һ֮Ҷӿӿҹڣӿľ޸ơ
أҹƻָһЩʶҲָѣ۾
СС
Ҷҹʮֵ𾪡
֮ǰս׷ɱǣǶΪҶˣҶ֣һΪˣܲȣ
ҹ壬սѾһɱˣ㰲ˡҶ˵ţһҹС
ҹǿƣͷȻҶİ£ϥʼ˹ҩ޸˵;
ͬʱҶߵɽߣ編ƣΪɽˡ
ʲôҲҪ룬Ҫλȶ֮Ҫ߸ǣǻϣ
ۿԪϥ˹ˣҶٴοڣȻԼҲڵϣ޺˵һ߻ָ֮ǰĵһȹ̸߽ս񾳡
ʱĴսΪˣҶоԼľЩȣҪȹһµϸ߽ս񾳽»Ҫһֽš
Ӱҹʱ֣һֱڵԪ˲ָɵʵȻԾɲ֣ܳѾûʲôˡ
ҶһѹԾУҲǣߵͷնɱĶս޵ʬԱߣֽĽ֮ƤǣȻڸԪĴꪴϷָ飬տ
ս޵ĺɫۼƤҶ׼ս˼Ƥ׷
ɫ΢һ㽫Ԫ˾ˣǳĿ⣬˶ʱˮ׷׽
ҶõӴһʳһ߳ԣԪһҶѯһľ
ǣҶǲûʲôģʵʵ˵Լľ˽һ飬ʱ˾ԶˣһӲɳ
˼飬ֱ̫˼ˣҶҹп
ˣ½Щ˵¡ɽҲ˵
漣ֱ漣뵱꣬ʱΪҪˣ
ԪҲ겻ѣҶоʲôţԭǰǸЦѡ
˱߳ԱĵʱԪͨѶͻȻˡ
Ԫһº룬״ģʾҼԣԼͨ˵绰ᡣ
ոսͨ绰ͷױ㿪żɽʵԪϲôСûˣ
ߵ
Ԫ룬֯һԣԼ˵ĺ;һ׻㱨һ顣
˵ʲôСնɱͷ߽սޣջѾﵽս񾳵նɱˣ
Ԫ˵Ҷһ˿סǿޣΪսȡʱ䣬󽫶ս޶նɱˣ𾪲ѡ
˵նɱ˶ս޵ĻпܡСһ˻ɱսޣѵͻˣ
𾪹һµʲô
ǵģСڹؼʱ̣ͻ˸߽ս񾳣Žͷս޻ɱ˶ҪԪص
ôͻƸ߽ս˰õԪĿ϶𸴣׼𾪣ָˣҶʵ̫ˣ
죬СԱߣԼ˵ɡ
ԪҲ֪̫ˣ˵ײţĻ˭ԼҶնɱ˶սޣҲԲš
˵ţԪֻݵҶУҶʵʵĽٴθһ顣
޴½Ǳô
˵һԼľҶ̲סѯʷ޴½ߣû˸߽ս޵вԪ򣬼սͳǣҲֻʱ⡣
ǳ
׳һ£޴½ҶԪǼ˵һ¡
ԭڷ޴½޴޵ƷʺʵԶʥصޣҪǣЩоȻһ벽Ԫޣǳֲ
һӴྫӢʧ˲٣Ǹ벽Ԫޣǿֲһ֮£ûܿס
˵ѾˣͲҺЩ棬ֻ֪ϵӣʧ˴С
ܶߣ˸ûд㽫ǳߣڴ󲿷ָ˳֮Щ˱޵ѪʳҲ̶á
Ҫǣ޵شһļǷǳȣʬڸһʱ㿪ʼ÷
£޵вȻģҲɱ֣Ѭ죬ʬصĿʺ档
޴½󲿷ֳһƬŰͿ̿
ڰ벽Ԫ޵£߼ûսʤĿܣֻܽڽڰˣȻҲնɱһЩޣȴֹۡ
Һʦһ£ͷ벽ԪƴһսҲҪնɱһὫģԪǴغϲأ
֪ҶԸûڱֱϲأϾ˭Ҳұ֤ϲʥлûǿ޴ڡ
ҶĬ
֪ǲðա
Ȼͻ˸߽ս񾳣ҲֻܻɱСĶսޣս񼶵ߣѵֿҪ˵벽Ԫˡ
ͬʱҲףͷ벽Ԫޣ޵еߣͻԪʵնɱ
Ҷ𸴣绰ͷױҶ˵绰
߰ɣȥСսǻϡԪ״
ҶĬϸ߼зԪһ𣬳з߸ǣս˻ϡ
үүүүҹ壬ȥǻϰɣѾˣϲѾûи߽ս֮ϵˣ֮ɨʣµޣҪȥ޴½ȥִ߳ǵʱҶջǾҪȥһ˷޴½
Ȼʵ޷벽ԪսҲܰˣҲܻɱޡ
СҪ£벽Ԫ̫ǿˣ״ʦҴʦǶûбʤİգȥҲ޲ɣ
ԪҲ֪Ҷ˵ʵ飬ϲʥѾʲôǿܹвˣȴԾɲҶðգϾﰲȫĶ࣬ҲǴһαȥðأ
үүѾѾûʲôΣգұȥ֧ԮʦǡҶҡҡͷ
ðɣ֪ҲȰס㣬ȥҲУһ԰ȫΪԼ֮Ⱥ״ʦ磬˽֮㡣
Ԫ֪Ҷһ飬ʮͷҲֻöһ֮ȥˡ
ţ
Ҷͷ߶ƽһ޴½ȥ




919 սǰ׼
ԪĿҶԶȥջĿ⣬Ԧз߸Ƿȥ
Ҷ˵Ѿûи߽սޣʣµĶһЩнս޻߳սޣ˸κв
Щǰ˼߾żޣøЩ֣۽硣
ˣҲаһѾ𽥳ɳضǵ磡
˷׷׷ĸпҶɹնɱս¸̫ĳ
ҶȻ֪ıָ˴ĳʱȫ޴½С
ȫ򱬷Σеطˣ˵ľһս״̬ӵ֤֮ͨ⣬κθ˻֯ϽУΥһɲֱõ䡣
Ҷٳϲ֮ǰ׸һźŷֻҪϷźţϵװյź֮һ·̵ơ
ϲص޴½ҶķٶȣҲҪʱܵ
ھγȵĹϵҶ޴½ʱĵӣһ֮ȵʱ
ƽ̫£ӲӵĹâһɫлʡ
޴½֮ǰľɫ㿪ʼòǷ棬౻ڻسУĳб
ظѣһɵĸʬζȻȻдʬ壬Ļ޵ġƬصɫ
ﵽ޴½֮ҶһĳУʱȻѾֹͣ˹ڳУû޵Ĺ
Ҷͣһ¥̨ϣͨѶϵס
ΪҶ֮ǰδӦײ޴½Ϊˣ׵֪ҶѾִ޴½󣬵Ҳû
ֱɽҶһűѾûͨˣߣűͬͰһ㡣
Ҷһߵģĵӣָս˽Ӱˣȫλߣǵʱûκֱӱǰ׺ס
λ磬ôǸ޽𣿡
ٽű;УҶߵߴһ飬׼
Ҷʣ˲ɵ̾˿ôû֣ѾüˣЩҲ֪ðģʵһһǿһ֮£нս񾳵ǿ߶ס
ǰһʼǲ֪Щ޵ʵһӴ㱻˸ֲܶȼ㱻˺ˡ
Ұ龰һأǲսֱɱǹؼʱа˳ֵĻµһǾͻȫûˡ
һ˵ޣƺ˵Ļϲ˵ûֱ꣬űĴ֮ǰ˻δ
׺üͷڿеɳϣ֪ʲô
Ҷüͷһ壬Դĵʲô̫Σˣ㻹ǻϲرȽϺá
׿ЦſԼλһۣȻˣ̫˺ӵˣô˵ȻӦЩܹԱġ
ȻˣɣҺôԸֻ벽ԪأҲæ⡣̾˿
Ҷʵʵ˶һɳһ£Сĵʵʦ״ʦͷ벽Ԫ޾жǿѵҲ޷սʤ𣿡
Ļ棬Լɣ
̫ѨԸһССỤһ̨ԣҶԼ
ҶĲŵԣȡƵļõԴĲʼš
Уһͷʨӵȴ̵ҫ֮ǰȻģȲߣҶԾܹͷ޵ϸоһǿϢ
Щ޴󲿷ֶǸ߽ս񾳽磬ЩǶսޣȴ
ܿ죬Щޱɵû޳֣ͷſڷһֱӱѪڷ
ҶһȻֻл棬ûҲܲµͷ޼ֲȻһͽܶȻǰ벽Ԫޣʵ̫ǿˡ
Ƶʱ䲢ܿ죬Ҷ㿴ˣ֮Ҳüͷ
ӻϿͷ벽Ԫʵ̫ǿˣе壬ҼͻԪƣ
ˣʲô˵ģʵ
ҶһһµӻϿͷ벽ԪʮǿӦе壬ͻԪơҪȥͷ޾һսĻʮգҪ׼
ⲻϻôû
ʦҵ˼ǣ״ʦҵķҶЦһȻֱӽԼķȫóкȭסָħʥ׺ͻƽġ
׻õ似ȭȭͷǿȭ׼Ϊʺǡ
ָмٵĹܣҿϢʮʺ͵ϮǷǳʵõһ
ڻƽĺħʥ׶Ǹ߼ǺߣƷʳ˸߼ķ룬ˡ
֮⣬׻ƶӳµжغ󣬽Ҷڴ˴γǰҶ佻Էһ
ۿҶóһƷ˵Ҳûоܾ
һսҪϵǲд󣬱ȫһս
ˣҲȵˡ
ҶṩЩǵķ͹ɱͷ벽Ԫ޵ĸҲ֮ӣȻܾ
ף׻ƶħʥߡ
У
ҡͷʵ֮ϣɱͷͷȻҪ㣬ħʥ׻㴩ţҴƽıɡ⣬ȭ׺ָҲ
㡭
ü׵İΣ
İɣȻǿ󣬵ֻǸ֣Ӧû⡣΢΢һЦ
ðɡ
Ĭ㴫ɣǿ߼ϣǾɱ޵ϳҲܱ
ã
׵ͷ̷ǿ߼ϣһͬɱϳȥԸͷ벽ԪޣȫնɱЩͨޣնݳ˿ĴϢ֮
ڶ賿컹δű֮˵ĶǿѾһ׼ˡ
ҲҪȥ
Ҷǰ棬׺˵




920 һս
㵱ȻҪȥҺʦȥԸͷ벽ԪޣһȥնɱЩнס߽ޡ
׸ûҶ˵ʲô˼ֱЦŴӦЩһǿһȥնɱޡ
Ҷҡҡͷһȥ޵ϳ
ҶĻײһһۣ˼ϾҶĵӣҲԽ޴ҡ
ɫҲüҶ֣ȥʲô벽Ԫޣ˵ˣҲûбʤİգʱǿ޷չİȫ
ʦȥĻ޹ǣԳ֡⣬ĺˣҼȻȥһԱ״ʦΪҵģȻ޷ǣԱǴ´ġҶһЦ
Сܴǿǰ벽Ԫޣ״ʦҴʦֶûбʤİգƾʲôԱ
Ҳ˵ҿţԱҲδ֪Ҫ֪˲ò࣬ˮɶô֪ûԱأ
ҶִҪ״ʦҴʦˣЩһǿ߷׷ΪҶǳţ»Ͳ֪벽Ԫ޾жôǿ
ҲΪҶԱϾҶѾǸ߽սˣھսܹͶսһ̣Ѿ׺֮µľǿˣ
Ա
ҲЩţȻ֪ҶʵþϾԵһ벽ԪޣԼֶûоԵİգƾʲôԱ
Ҷͷȥ
ǺðɣȻִҪȥҲ˵ʲôˣסսʼ֮Һ׶ûٱˣϣ˵ģԱƬ̣ջͬҶһͬǰ
һ˺ƺƵĳϳ;˺ܶȻ򣬿Ѿ˷棬ʬɢŸζŻ
ϳڷ޵һԭʼȴ֮УԪطŨԪ뵡
̾Ļﵹһ֮أϧѾ޵ĳѨ˵ˣͨҰ޶ûС
컹δһЩҹж֮⣬޶ڳ˯С
ôһɱЩǷ׷߳˳Ѩһ޴ɽаڿƣչ˲ҵս
Щ໹ᣬϴܵĽѵǰζҪȥˣ
һţʨӣǻȴ˹Ǵ̣һƤһ̤նһ˫۾һԣһͲǷޡ
󣬽ڵˣ
׺Ҳ̤նУߵǰУ׳Ӧ
ӦǿˣҾȽˣϾҲû赲ҵĽŲˣ
ͷ벽ԪȻܻΣԾ޵̬֣ȴߣ֪״ŵǿս

˵ţͷޱֱ˷׺˿ɽȥҪͷ벽ԪսҲӰߵս
벽ԪȻҲǵ뷨ȴη壬ţԼµЩǾֵܹסĴ
ҪãֻҪСʱԼܽ˺ˣʱɱǹȫ
һ׷һӣܿɳϰҶϽ߶ƽ׷ȥȻҿ̫ԶԶĹսǿԵġ
벽ԪҲӦĴڣû⣬ΪҶܴ²³ҶǸ߽ս񾳽ѣķۡ
գۼ䣬һѾɳٶԶϳڵǸɽȡ
һƬڣɰʯһιɳ죬ۡ
ôˣѡõط𣿡
벽Ԫ۾̧צȥһɵצգ·ɽһѹȥ
˻~
һ֣֪ûС
벽Ԫ޳֣ԶսҶõһ˿ֲצһצȥԼ޷ֵĻᶼûС
䡪
׺ͳּ˴󾪣˲˵Уͬʱϴһȭҵȭâʵצݺݵײһ𣬷
ͬʱһ𣬽צɳȥȴûдɢɼͷ޵ʵѾǿ̶ֳȡ
һ֮£׺ɫȻǶȫװȴԾɸо޷սʤͷޡ
ߣ㱾£ҲսңҾ޻أ׳Ϊҵʳ
£벽ԪſһʱгһУ˺׺ˡ
ţ
һݣ벽Ԫ޹Ȼǿ󣬲ǿᣬ츳޼ǿ


˲վͬʱɷ졯͡ߺϻǿȭҵȭâһӽкɢˣͬʱѳ޵
ҶԶĿѣۣһڰ벽Ԫ޵ǿһҲΪ׺һѺ
Ҫսʤͷ޿²ס
໺𡭡
ۿѳԼ벽Ԫ޺ɣ͵Ķ˲ȥһ޴еƶ䶼ɢˡ
׻ɫ˲ɷף̫ǿˣǣһˣ氤ôһµĻҲᱻġ
ҶԶҲ޵棬ûгǿĹˣҲ˫죬ѪӶ˳
ֲ
Կֲ
ʱҶԵƵЩΪʲôһˡ
벽Ԫ޼ֱֲ̫ˣ
׺˶һۣӱ˴˵Ŀжأ벽Ԫ̫ǿˣ

ûͣϢ벽Ԫ޵ĶͷͻȻѿһۣһɫĹâʸһֱؿ
ħʥףԪӿһӣһԪһֻ֣ɫâ
䡪
һ죬ԪֺȻըѣɫâȴ
ֹʤУ
ͷ벽ԪޣһҪԪ޵ƣս֮ϡ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬һ⹥ص˼㡣
գ
ۿϣһХֱȼԼ˲佫ս۷״̬
׼״ҲȼԼȼĻƴĻᶼûУ˵֮նɱˡ
ȼ֮˵սһֲĳ̶ȣ벽Ԫ޶òضԴˣǴ˸ɫĹâϢҲǿ˲١
ҶԶ˳˼֮УѾڶͷӵжͷѿˣѵĳ޵츳ͨ𣿻Ǵﵽĳ־֮Щ޶ܿ츳
ͷ˻ޣǷǳصڣŴ˵ĶͷΪ蹬Ҳڡͥ˵֮oĵط
Ҷ֪ԼĶͷڵĵطִҽѧɹ壬˵ŴĳЩܿ۾λá
ѵΪﵽһ̶ܹ֮ڶͷ۲ɣ
Ҷа룬ͬʱĿתضսɤϡ
Ϊ
һս




921 
Ҷʱ׺ٴκͰ벽Ԫ޴սһ
ȼ֮˵սֱѪʢ·һһ㡣

׻ȭÿһĪƵð벽Ԫ޶ҪСӦ
أأ
ġɷȭǷ·𽫾ĵظɷƵģһȭ쪣ɷ죬йǺƼΪˡ
ԭʵͱǿȼ֮󣬸粻սһ㣬ɢ˵ơ
벽Ԫ˲䱻˱·磬ֻм֮ûлֵˡ
໺𡭡
벽ԪŭɱƵͷѿһۣ⻪䣬޼
ҶԶ֮⣬Ծɸܵǿڴսģľݻ٣ɽʯ飬Ŀġ
벽Ԫ޶սˣȻ·磬ŻǴ̼Ӳ޼ǲǿܺսƽֻ֣ض๥١
ȴЩżˣϾȼܳ־ãҪսپ
Ȼ
ͷȴƳȻ˱ƵˣҪնɱȴôס
һҧԼ겻õıóˣһϹżҵ롣
Щ뱾ҲǷܾʱʴһֱ
˳֮ΪҽҽȷǷ֮⣬Ҳٵæ
һһŸһԼһ߰룬Ի롱кõһ֡
뷴ճΪԼӦֵķһֱǽ뵱ɼ˵ĶûԵйԳµҲûʹá
죬ۿ޷ٽͷ벽ԪնɱھԼˡ
ףסƬ̣
ֹͣ˹ӻóŸ룬·ҫ۵Ĺâ
ʮأѻ룿
벽ԪһһӶ־ȫɿԶӶݣ׽׷ᣬ˫ȭߺϻ
ȼףٴδ׻ȭռɱеʱֹǿһ
ţ
벽Ԫ޾ʧ룬̧צӣݺݵ׵ȭâӭȥͬʱѰҿߵĻᡣ
һ㶣ԴӵõһֱҲ֪ʲôôͷȻ֪
ϴˣΪϾǵϵĲһǴ͵ͨģޣʶϵĶ
ôȽ˵Ѿȼβܳɹ֮նɱĻ´͸ˡ
ಡ
뵽ԥ˫壬ֱĵķŸǰȥ
ע뷢۵Ĺâǳ۾һֱ޵ľŴѨЩѨλڡ
ҽߣԾˣͬҲɱˣеĶоľѨһʱڻоҽԸֶṹҲ൱˽⡣
Ȼ˱죬ṹȴû̫ı仯Ѩλãڲġ
ҶɽͷСǣһʲôСæΣҽһеʵҲǶ֮
ԸŹƧײˣҶͳ޵ļ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ҽҲǶ֮
ŸЮɷֱ벽Ԫ޵ľŴѨ𣬹񺿡
һ֮ɫ䣬׶ˣȻ֪оŸǴϹżѰķȴû뵽֮Ȼơ
벽Ԫ޸ŵûˣ˫־Ĺâ嶸Ȼ׹ȥ
ӣ
һȣٴνػȫ֣׻ȭӵ˼¾硣
ȭģν֮ȭʦүʺʹõȭ
~
벽Ԫ޴ʱҲ˲ϱʲôˣһҶԶ֮ⶼȣӿеȥɼ׳˶ôֲĹ
ͬһʱ䣬벽Ԫ޷ѹ׵ľУҲƴǴȻâһᷢľʹ⬡
ţһǴ̾Ȼ壬˷ȥ
ݡ
ƿҶæܣɲӲͷ벽Ԫ޵ƴһ

ŭһ磬ɫķ⣬·һС͵̫һ㣬һȭԼĹǴ̴ˡ
ţҲ˰벽Ԫ޵ǰħʥڣǴ̸޷˵
һ߰Ĺ˲һǴһСףһ޵̫Ѩϣֱӽ­Ƕˡ

벽Ԫ޷һ춯صĲҽУһͣ˲ҲĸѨϣֱӽһҲˡ
Һް
벽Ԫ޷һ۾еĹâȥһƬҡ
ڿҡҡλεļƬ̣һͷȥžһˤѪ
еһ£ղ̫Σˣһ˼ֲס˭Ҳ߲ˣûԼǣͷϽҲûܹͷĶ֡
һ潵ʱͬʱоһֱ͵ĸоɵ򶨶ȥ
µأ
˶һۣͬʱ˵ǴӿԼǹϢио˳µصϢ
Ҷ֪˾оʲôǿǵı֪϶¡
ڰ벽ԪѾҲûʲôܹвǣҶչƽȥ
ھ׺ԼʮĶ򣬳µվһɽ۵ʯͷ棬Ŀ߿
ڷԭһصϳ벽Ԫ޵ĳȻ۾
׺ĴսԪľҺͲΪߣµȻԪĲ쳣Уܿ˲Ծ
ټϰ벽Ԫ޵һ޴ʶ׺ܺͰ벽Ԫײˣ㼱æϹ鿴
Ŀãȼһ벽ԪޱеһĻ
һ̣µصʮŵ˺Ͱ벽ԪɱĻᣬֽ˱е
һϽҲûκĶˣͳһ򣬳Ϊף룡
ͷֻڳµصԺһĲ࣬û͵Ϯ֣ҲδؿԳɹһ޷епܻᱻնɱ
ಣ
˿̣ۿ׵Ŀɨµض˵ֱԶݶȥ
ɽڲûգһ죬һһ㣡
µؽ˫ȭаݡ




922 ѹ
Ű벽Ԫޱ׶˻ɱ޴ʼڽڰˡ
ⳡ޺սȫʤĻҲʧأνɱһǧ˰١
ƽܴ󣬺ܶҲ˷棬Ҳʧأͽսбڻҡ
Щ赲Ƕ֮׵ʤϲãȫκһ䶼޵ս
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ȻˣЩ˵ǵ·ģκʱ򣬺ƽҪġ
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923 £ 
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ɵ˸ЩҲסৡһóһѲ˿𵶣һնݺݵ޵ȥ
ۡ
ѪŽ
벽Ԫ޺Ȼأʹ˱
½ͷ벽ԪޣȻÿһܵشЩǿ󣬾Ȼû
ƶȿֺسֻɱȻȡ޺ˡ
ҶԹۣЩȻһϢˣǱԾɲСϾǿ֮ĩˣôǿҲı䲻˽
εľ֮ϲǲΰ룬ϲ벽Ԫ޶˴޾͸˵ˣȻըˡ
ǵǻһԪޣ
벽Ԫ޶ûôԪͷӥҲûֻʱ˻֪ʲôط
ղŵĴսƶ߶вСġֻǶս񾳵ߣЩȻҲǰ벽ԪޣϷˣǿ󣬼شҲʵǷһֽŲŽ֮նɱ
ԶԶأҶؿɳĮеĽɫţ˵ıը֮󣬹žȻûܵκˣԾ
˻~
Ҷ˵һֻҪһ첻ʧʱпܻ޴г
ʱ޻жôǿ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣ
һʱ䣬˳Ĭ֮УֻĬĬǰǰ˭Ҳû˵
ʱ
ҶͻȻĸоһ˿΢Ĳǰȥ
סƶҲӦˣҲӦһ˿΢Ĳ
ৣ
˵ĿͬʱͶ˲ĵط
Ǽ䣬Ҷͫ״СȻ֣Զһȼľӥ
ǡͷԪޣ
û
ȥ˲Ǻء
⡭ôܣ
ӥĳҶ˳ˣ
ڣԺеһͷǣӣ
Ȼ
ͷԪӥٶ̫ˣ˲ӵǰ




930 
ĸǿ˱˵شͷ벽Ԫޡ
ʱ
ͷԪӥˣ
ңȥûƣ
֣Ҷоѣͬʱһʱѡ
Ͼ벽Ԫ޶ôǿˣԪﵽ޾жôֲ
ǲ֪ýֺͷȥҲ֪ԲӥĶ֣
˵ը֮󣬸¸ѹ⸽ɳӶһʡ
˵ʵǿ󣬶ĸ»ܹܵģڻı֮£ڱӰ쵽
ͷӥ֮ȴܵһɱ˵ˣ˵ӥϵ¶ȿ±Ⱥ˵ը֮¶ȸߡ
Ȼ
ӥɢľԣǸľӥٶȣ
ӥٶʵ̫ˣ֮䣬ǵľ룡
࣬Ӳģ
ӥδ֣˻ҶǱйеŭ
û
ŭ
ΪӥҲ˵ıըһ
ǿȵıըѾܹв˰ȫˣӥٶȺܿ죬㿪˱ըġ
ҲΪܿ˱ըĵ㣬ûкͷ벽Ԫһش
Ҳܵ˺ܴĳòԶˣ˲ͷ벽Ԫ޵İΣ
Ȼ㵱ʱվͷ벽ԪޣҲδػ
Ϊ޶˽ģֻҪԼܹȥ޵ǲ̫ġɭУЩ޺ĹϵôǢ֮Ҳҵս
޺ˣÿһͷڱ֮γɵһԴȪ֮ԱҰ޸ǿ޺ҪĶ
˵޺˿ԼΪҩ̺ǿҲ
һ㲻֪֪ͬԣ֮ɱΪ˹ô򵥣ͬҲΪӶԷ޺ˡ
޺˲ͬЩֱ̳޺˱ܹգԼ޺˵߸Լ޺˵
ӥܹɳôǿ̳Ե޺Ҳˣԣͷ벽Ԫ޵Ĳôء
߿
ͻȻһӥ쳹ʣӥųҵĸ»棬˫һչһ˫צݺݵƽƶץȥ
ͬʱӥһſڣ³ö𵯣ҶȥЩ𵯿ƽȴ̺ǿĻһУ¾Ҳס
Ҷһһɵ߲ʵĵâݺݵӭȥħʥ׺ͽɫΪӲһҲû¡
꣡
һҶҶɵֱӱյˣƲ˥ԾҶǰ
ţ
Ҷһû뵽ССĻ𵯵¶ȾȻ֮ԼҶɵƷѾ㲻ˣû뵽Ȼֱӱյˡ
Σʱ̣Ҷ߶ƽȣһ⣬յض𵯵Ĺϵ·µȼ˲ȼܿסֲֿĸ£·ȴס
ֲ̫ˣ
֣Ҷޱȣ
ͬʱ׺Ҳֱ𽫻𵯵˶һۣ˿ٷӣҶһչƽһ⣬Ҳǳˡ
ƶ߾ûôˡ
һ棬Ǿӥ̫Ӧʱ̫̣ǱʵͲ׺ˣ޷ֵ𵯵Ϯֱӱȼˣճ
Уƽƶ޵˹ңӥһצץǣڷѪҺ˲䱻ˣһ߸ʬ

ͬʱĦҮ÷ͷްʧʹС
Ǳ򣬵ʱȴûһ߲ҽУһ߷ȼֿŻ𵯵Ĺ
ȼ֮ʣµҲ˲Σˣһţֱӳɳӵ棬˲ϵĻ档
ŵûɢٶ£
ߣӵ𣿡
ӥһߣ˫һչɳһһ׷ȥ
Ҳ֪ƾԼٶȣҪͷ޵צ֮ӵһʵʵ顣
ûо֮ǰǱнġ˴Ķͬһ⣬ǵٶȲӥֻҪɥΪʣµȡʱ䣬һһϣܹӳ졣
ʱ׺ҶѾӳʮԶǼȣǶñʵ
ڵʵҲӥĶ֣
Ԫ޺Ͱ벽Ԫȣǿȡٶȣǹǿ̫ˡ
׺ֵҲֻǿնɱһͷ벽Ԫޣȼǰ¡
ԵĿԪޣͲ˶սʤģ϶ҧǲ٣ٶҲ޷ҧһͷ
ʵﵽһֲľ֮Ѿܹɰܵˣ׺Ҷ˴ʱعͷȥֲսҲֻǰװĦҮᣡ

ܿ죬㱻ӥ׷ˣԼǿһݺݵغӥϡ
Ȼ
ӥûں·ûиоһһֻצ˲䶴ֱ࣬ӽժˡ

ҽһڷһѪ·ɳĮһССѪ꣬ѪɢɳĮУ紵ʧӰ٣·δֹһ㡣
⣡
ĦҮ÷Ͱͷӵøˣ
Ȼ
ӥǰǵķٶԵ˺ܶࡣ
ӥϾӵлѪǿޣҲ൱ǿĴڣοڵˡ
ܿ죬÷屻ӥ׷ˣ÷ƴ£ԾӶˣӥֱԴϿ˸һڽԽˡ
գۼ䣬ѾˣʣµĦҮͰŵð̵ľʹˣƴӡ
˵ӲģɱôˣǶҪ
ŭӥٶȶһŻһɿ׷ˣһȣһ˲佫˰Χ
УӥֱӽĦҮͰĳһѪ⣬ץ˳Ҳ䣬ƬããɳĮ֮С
׺ҶԶһУأȴͣƴȫɶݶȥ
࣬ͳͳҪ
ӥۿ޷׷Ҷˣ˵ıӰŭֹ




931 
࣬ҪΪǵΪۣ
Ҷȥӥ˻һ쳹ʣ󻺻£ͷ벽Ԫ޵޺ɣеʵٴһ̨ףĻӺɫתΪٺɫ¶ȸˡ
֪˶ãӥͷ벽Ԫ޵ϣȻ۸߷ɣһ⣬һȥ
һסС
ƻָʵһ¥Ϣ׼չ
ǡʲô
졭ޣϮ
һ·Уӥܿ۾ӵССǿĴڣ׷׾
ɣ
ӥһ˻𣬶ſͣŻڵһ㽵Сϡ

һʱ䣬С˻𺣣ҽ಻ϣСǷ׷֮Уһ
ݻСɱС˺ӥһУչɱ֮ݲƬĴлһƬ𺣡
Щ֮ʣҲ˲ԼĲƲˣֱӳ˽˷ɻسзȥ
Ȼ
ǵ˽˷ɻոɾͱӥĻУ
ǶˣЩƽ͸ˣ
֮⣬˲أܶһͱӥĸ¸ˣҲ̶á
ЩȻߵľӢͲԪӥĶ֣һȺһҲûãֻԱûκЧ
˵Ĵ
ӥɱĻ汻ĵѸٴȫÿһ䣬ǿӥŰĻ棬е˿ֻź;
Ϊ
ӥŰ£༸ûκη
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˵жһ⣬ϴη޴½ȻҲֵúܴ󣬼ȫ֪ˣȴû˵ģΪջܹսʤģûκܹ׽ˡ
Ȼ
ӥĳ֣ȴ˸ܵв
˶ûκһӥĻƺѾǲɱˣ
һʱ䣬ϢҥɣйٷϢҲСϢÿһ춼µĽչ
ϢͷðĴѾXˣXǧ𺣡
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ʲôսֱǱɱˣЩ˸ͲͷĶֱ֣ӱˣ
ȫصǶ˷飬Ϣ⴫йٷϢҥҲûãѾ˿ֻ֮С
ΣͬʱһЩ˵ǣΪѾ˱Ȼûκսʤϣˡ
ǣЩ˱㿪ʼ̵꣬û٣ԩԩг𱨳һʱ䣬ȫΰһƬ֮С

ͬʱ
׻صسкٿ˽顣
Ϊƶ߷׷ױӥɱ˵ĸ˲μӣ֮⣬˵ԣԼԪҶ
λѾʱ̡ͷ޵ʵѾﵽ˴˵еԪûκһͷ޵Ķ֣ҺҲаʤ
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׵Ļصı飬ûһ˿ڡ
˵һͨ˵ԪͰ벽ԪĲҲҪһ࣬Ƕ˵׵Ļȫףÿһ֮䶼ǵ蹵һĲ࣬ǲԽġ
ʵﵽԪѾ˶սʤˣʱ䣬ԪѾʱһˡ
ۿ˶˵׽˵ڣΨһİ취ʹĳ˵ըͷޡеĻҲûκϣˡཫʹ
˵
ٴ׵Ļ˵ɫһ䡣
ڳȻ඼ߣǶּս˽ġ
˵ͳɫɷףνĳ˵ɱ൱ڵһͶŵö˵ʮһͶţԴݻ֮һ˵
ǿĺ˵һͶŽֲʧĴʵ̫ˡ
УҼǶ˵񲻸ΣҲ˵ľչж
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Ȼ޲̻ɱӥҲϣ˳ΪƷ
ôƺϵ־棬׵Ҳûие⣬ǽĿͶˡ
λӦúֺ˵ʵ̫ˣɱ̫ǿһͶţɾ޴ֲʧ˵ĸ˵ͼӰλԱ
㲻Ҫˣͷ˵ľڣʹó˵Ļʲô취ܹ𣿡
Ҷü˵ĸˣµѾ֮ʣ˸ȴֻ˼˵棬Щջ
㡭
˵ĸſָͣҶȴ
Ѿ֪ƶ߱ɱ顣
ڵϣֻ׺͵ʵǿˣ
ͳͳս׺͵ҲӥĶ֣ǲó˵Ļȷûκΰ취ɱӥ
ͬ顭
˵ͳˣѡ֧ס
һ棬Ҳ֪µֻܶó˵ɱӥ
ΪҪǣ˵ҪͶţԶ˵Ӱ΢΢
һ£Ȼ޳ɣ
Ҳͬ⣬˵̫ˣһͶţ޷ԤƵĺ
ŷͳҲԼδͬ׵顣
Ͼŷһֱѣ˾ŷ˲ԶһͶų˵ŷ˵ӰҲС
˶֪˵Ҳ֪Ͷų˵ĺ˵ڣûԸͶų˵ǸңͶų˵Ǹεֵͻɱͷޣۿŷ˵ͳԣ͵վȵ
ûлش
ɲǼ䣬ٴ˰
¾ôˣͷڵĵطͶų˵ؽɱ
ҲپʲôͶƱʽˣѾʱˣҪϣƤȥֻܵʱ䣬¸ɥ
ˣϢͷĹרŻɱߣĿǰѾ뿪޴½Żķȥˡ׵Ļ䣬һս˵ĳԱƿҴţ˵
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˵ͳ˸ˣ׷׽ĿͶסҶ껺Ҷˣ
Ǹо·ʣҪͶų˵




932 ǣ
ȻѾвٵͨ˱תƵس֮УԾвٵƽĳׯ֮С
ڿŰׯƵ֮ѧˣܶ˶˵ң˴ĸʳˮ׼һԼסĳׯжܡ
ӥȻǿ󣬵վһͷޣܼôطˮǽϸȲ㣬ֻҪݻ٣滹ܹݱһʱġ
ӥɲ֪Щ޴½ƻҲ֪˶ԱʼԽãã󺣣Żľڷ
ӥȼųҵĻ棬ûĺк͵£ӥĻԽԽǿ󣬻Ҳʴ񾭣ĸⱩꡣ
ɱ֮ͨӥʶϵʵ̫ˣƾԼһȻʵǿᣬҪȫɱҲǲʵġ
ǣʼתרɱЩеľӢҲνߣֻЩ˵ѪʱѹڵĻ𶾣˳ҲܽͷųȥһЩ
Ӹ߿շɹֻҪ·г֮۾ӵصĴڣӥ³һĻ𵯽ܼ˲һƬ𺣡
ӥʵ̫ǿˣĻ棬ԶܽϵľӲ֮ȼ
ϵĻ¶ȼߣҸǿʯͷˣ֮һƬ𺣣Ѵĳһѷ棬ǶڵؽǶǳҵĸ»ˡ
ΨЩؽڵļиõĸȲıǲŶһ٣ǶʱˣΪķȫˣû˾ԮĻʳʳˮֻҲֻܵˡ
ôǿҲֻڵڣɵٸҲ෢̫еǡ
ͨЩ㵽Ļ棬˽⵽ӥÿһ¶
˵֯ЩصĻм֮ڸѭţÿʱÿ̶Ϣ
ЩûбŵԾɰͰţæµţֻæµ֮࣬ҲЩš
ڵӺⷢκϢܹڵһʱȫǹǻڵӻǰڵԣֻͨЩǼصõĻ档
ˣ
˵ж֣ͷʵ̫ǿˣƻҲǰε޳ӿֲ
˿ֲ޵Űȴò˿ЧĴʩԴ
ɽţԶڻģϮĵطңԶƺûʶΣȻ֮С
ɽŵܲð칫Уܰһ̨Գ񣬵ҺʾĻӥŰׯĻ棬ǸĻܰԾܹܵǹ
ܰˣΪߣͷ޵ʵʲôǵߣͷӥʱҲû˿֮
ô죿úȥδӣ
ܰ˳˼֮УҶԸǳ˽⣬ƽʱҶһʲôҲںӣʵϣ֪ܰҶװȫͨˣΣ֮ԲӲġ
ҶΪӥĻܰһ˿ϣ
ʲôҲֻĬĬҶͷë濹⣬򡭡
룡
ܰ˼֮еʱս˻ܲɽѵУ˾ͽˮҲͨеĵӿӥŰдׯ龰
ԭֻһϷսӵĶӳ֣ǵţһֱӣҶӰ̤ĵ·
ʱĹȥΪĽǿ˾ͽˮҲǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪˺ܶࡣ
ң˿Ļʱһĸоӿͷ
ʲô壿
ܹҶһǿͷ޵ʱԾûаʤ㣬δõ
ΪҶеǣΪҲ֪Ҷڵܴնɱ˶ս֮Ѿ޿ȫߵ۷С
£һ׺˾ĵףôҶȻս֮ϡ
Ҷ磬ûбҪֻϣŻֻҪžͺá
˵ķУ˾ͽˮڵϣ˫ֺʮޱϵ쵻桢Ը
Ƶ黹ڻĵһصĴԺ֮УԺȻܹϣҲۣܲȴ壬ǮȨסĴԺеġ
Ժ֮УҶ̫үҶһıͶӻǰĬĬعۿš
˵κεӾӰҲûҪĵһ壬ҶҼ˶һãΨҶ껺Ҷڿᡣ
ǳͷ޵ķٶȺͷжϣò죬ͻήٵ滪ĵķΧ֮ڣʱô죿
Ҷضŵʵ
ûлش
ټҶҴԺһƬž
껺СǱ߿Ľɡ
Ҷ̫ү̾˿




933 
һسеʱս´Уڷżҵ
ҶҶ껡סԪɵĻĴںˡŷˡ˺ͷ˵š
ԭܼ򵥣˵ͳϣӥִﻪ֮Ͷų˵лԵĴ
⵽Ҷ껵ļҷԣ
һǼҵĿ޽뻪֮Ͷź˵ϾĲϡ٣ֻҪõӦò̫Ա
˵ͳ̬ȼΪǿӲûаЭ˼ο֮ǰ˵ʱѾͶų˵ҵõ˴˵ͬ
Ҳͬ⣬ҪôھͶź˵ҪôͲͶţѡɡ
ҶΪĵȨߣҲλ飬ΪĵĴȻΪ˵˲˺ܶ࣬ȴ˿ڶԷ
ӸλȻȻһ˭ʡ
Ҷ껵Ļ˶кͶų˵Ѿǰ϶ˣĹؼʲôطͶö˵
ͳȻϣڻĵͶţʧҲǻ˵飬ûϵ
ҶܿС̣
ΪĵȨߣҶȻҲҪΪĵİո𣬼ԼͶų˵
Ҫ֪Ͷź˵һܼ򵥵飬ں˵ը֮ȴûôˣºĴ̫ˡ
˫ִһʣִ¡
ˣǶҪˣ
˫ִµʱҶվֹ˫սͳ˵Ҹͷ޵ɳĮȥȻͶź˵ɱ
ʲô
˶ɵˣһĿɿڴؿҶ
Ҳͬ⣡
Ҷ껵˷ԣЦԪޣҶĶӣԼĶȥ
Ҳ޳ɣ
ҲվҶʵ֪֮꣬ҶĿǰǸ߽սԲѣûн붥ս񾳡
ԪӥҪ˵ҶûİգҶǰȥ
ȴοԼͽеܲ˵仰Ѿǳ˲ˡ
վҪģȻǲԸڻľͶų˵ǾͱҪ˭նŰɣ
˵ĸ˿ˣȫ֮ǰǰšġ
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Լնӥ޵ɳĮȥоɱ
㿪ʲôЦ
ײˣһۣˣȥһս˵˵㣡
˵׵˵ȥͷʲô⣬زĻս˾иˡ
˵꣬Ӧתս˵ĸ˵˵һزսһְΣκ˲飡
ףǡ
ͷ΢΢һҲ֪׵Ϊܹͷ޳ɹ޵ɳĮ֮ҲȻӲ˵ĺըձȻһ
סڽ£
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ҶȥӥΪ֮ж˫۷죬ٴο˵
˵ʲôԱҪ˵㣬ңҲڳ˵ıը֮ӳ죡
Ҷһۣ˵ҵΪǿˣϣҲͱŵˡ
ʦģԱİ취ȥʵġҶ˵
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ȻҶĻ˽Ծһ˼ؿҶǸо·ʣô
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ҶΣֻʹ˸ɫʾԼһ¡
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Ȼɻ󣬵ǶҶĿе˼Ҷ߳
׺Ҷ껽Ҳ˳Ƕ֪Ҷڴʲô⡣
˻ҶסҶ˽һЧõķУţһſʼԼɡ
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ҶżɽֱӴϲصʼ˵
˵ͷʾ֪ô£ҶȻ֪ȴԾɸŵͷ徭֪ǽ֪ġ
ǸʱҲнս񾳴ԲѣûͻƵ߽ս񾳽磬ͷǶս񾳵Ϊ˵ҸͲĶ֣ûӳ죬շС
Ҷ˵˶һۣ·ʲôȴץסص㣬֪Ҷ˵ʲô
֪ʱôģºȻͨԪ֪սһЩžȴ˽ľҶɻᣬҪߴһЩʲô
ȻҶĻ˶ˣҶϸϸؽԼζھڵռ֮У㿪˶ս޵Ļɱ˵һ顣
췽ҹ̷ľͬʱ𾪲ѣҶƴҡͷôҲŻ顣
Ƭ֮˲ŻعһŵĿҶʵʱеռŶ㿪˶ս޵Ǿʲôط
ۼΪʵΪ飬ûпľ֮ǰǾԲҶĻġ
ȻǶ֪Ҷ˵ѣ¹ϵ̫شˣɲǲɡ
ҶһЦҲ֪չʾһ¾ڵ֮ĻǾԲԼȥðյġ
ھҵʶ֮УҿԽóǿ˾ˡ
Ҷ˵ţһ߶ڣ˲뵽ڵռ֮С
ǽȥˣڷУҶ˵УȴǷҶ΢΢۾ͻȻ֮䣬һ˾Ͳˣгһ˸ĽڣڰС
ǾڣֿܹĹ
һ߿һ
˵꣬ҶǾȫڣõҡ
ҶĻվǿһԾڵĳɫ
䣡
һȭϷȻûвһ£㽫ǿһˡ
ˣѾȫˣоڣҶԱ
ðɣǴӦˣȥȥ·һСģֻҪоԣ̽бѣҪǿǿ
ҶӾڵռг֮Ҷ껡˵̬˸һٰʮȴת䣬ͬȥ




934 ǰڸ 
ӥ֮죬ݲǵߺһҪպܶܽϨ
һľʵֲ̫˶е˿ֻţ
ںܶ˿ǿޣûĶֻ֣еȴ
ȫΧڶ˾޴Ŀֻ֮Уû֪ӥһ̻
ô죿ĳ·
˶˼⣬ȴûд𰸣ΪǸ벻ʲôֻܿһĹ
һʱ䣬ҥ𣬱۾ÿ֮ԼٶȴţǶ˵ĸ˸еʧΪ쵼ߣȴӥһ취ҲûУ˵
ΪѾˣҲûκϣʱͬʱͨǵһ𾪵Ϣ
ӢۣҶðΣգӥ޵ɳĮ֮УȻͶų˵ӥоɱ
µ˼ɿ֮£ҡ粻֮࣬ҶļֱʱΪȫİΣǻιӥ
˵Ҳ˭Ҷд󰮣ԶסְɣԼΪһһ
ӻǰ඼棬֮ǰʶҶ˶Ϊִ˽ἺΪΪĸжˡ
ǰҶɼҲòϣԼҶȲ̫ԶˣʵҪֵָΪȫ޴ľ
ˡҶӽ쿪ʼҰ㣬ܷɹҾԲں㣬ͻԣ
ӻǰվţУ˺˵Щʲôû
һɨ֮ǰľΪȫϧԼڣˡ
һҶֽԿ˵ԺǽԶǵãΣʱ̣һͦΪƽҪð޴ķգ
ǶҶϤ˻ǲϤģΪҶἺΪԼӥ
ϤҶѹ֪Ϊﵽʲô磬ĿǰʵǿӦǻаս˵ףôҲֲҶһʮ˰ɣ
ϤҶ֪Ǹ߽ս񾳽ѣԪ̫ˣѹͲһϣҶľǽԼ֮ˡ
ǲ²ҶʱҶ׼Ȼһ˶İɽׯȻҪȥӥˣδҪѸ

ͬʱս˵ҶҪȥӥɳĮɳĮó˵𣬶ʱסˡ
һӦǲţǶҶ̫˽ˣһҶ޿ĵһЩһǿҲضãǿģʵǿ˻УΪʲôȥӥ
ҲţԲţм϶è壬ҶӾԲĸԸȥֺģҪ
ս뷨
ʱıչأҲͻ˸߽ս񾳽磬ʽΪȫĸ֮һ
ҲΪͻˣŸԪ޵Ŀֲ֮Ҫ˵Ǹ߽ս񾳽ˣ׺ĶǿߣԪķӥͬûаʤ㡣
ҶǷΪʲôľ
սóͨѶͼϵҶȴûͨһɲԤ˲
ȻʱϵҶսֻøҹڡӡɪ˷ֱ˵绰ҲǡóˣʱŬҶĴ̼ǼƴʵҲ˲١
ûͻƵϲ߳ͬҲҶҪһȥӥޣó˵еıʱˡ
ս绰һļϣİɽׯһ⣬ҶҪȥ֮ǰҲһͼ˸ģͳ˶ڰɽׯչء
ڸɽׯ;УսһϵҶڰϵʱϵˡ
˵ҶԼҪȥģսʱ˴ֿڣҶӣ𣿻Դżˣȥ
ʲôҲҪ˵ڸɽׯ·ϣʲôط͹ȥ绰˵壬Ǽϸ̸
ҶЦһӿһůս˵ףҶ֪սǵԼİΣѲεյĺѣֻҶܽڵս
ðɣҲҪɽׯǼİɣ
ҶոչҶϵ绰ϵͨѶˣδ绰ɪǣҶֻֽһ顣
ɽׯͳҲѾˣҲһţҪҶ֤ʵһŵʵԡ
Ҷеɽׯ֮սɪǵҲϵˣĿУսҹڡӡɪǡܰսۡ˾ͽˮڡ
˵ȦǺģѾҶĿ˽⵽˻ľҲ֪ҶԼҪȥġ
ҶԸ̫˽ˣֻҪ飬ǾͷҲ
ľҶܹƽǼ˶֪ⲻʵ˵̫ǿˣҶܹӥĹҲ㲻˵ıը
ȻѾˣΪѣҲ˵ʲôذɣҶûбҪֻһһŻ
սҶ˸ϵĹâԸѣʲôҲϣʵȴ塣
İɣһģǲҪһ·ȥһİɣ˵Աİ취ٴΣգҶܿȥһŻǣ
Ϊ˻һգҶЦԳǱˣǰжٴǶΪұҲԾɺúõĻߵ𣿷İɣӲúܣ˵ġ
ҶҪ˵ԶģΡ̫Σˣ
Ҳﵽ˸߽ս񾳽磬߽ս񾳽ͶսжĲ࣬˵ͷԪʵˡ
ǰС˵ǲ޳ģʦҲûֹ㣬Աİ취Ҳİ취ʲôôѣôమˣҲ롣
ڳУģҲǾģȽϳȣûܰȦ죬һǡ
˵ȻûҶǾ˵ҶԱİ취
ˣǾסɣһҪؼȥʹ˸ˣǻͨǵӿһеģİɣҲԼЦ
Ҷܲѹֵգվ˵һ仰֮ȥ
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Ҷո߳ʱСţһССҶĿţСһĿҶ۵
СǽҶĿȲɿ
Сǹԣ棬Ҫȥˡ
ҶḧһСǵԴȻ̾˿һ߶ƽڿն𣬻һʧ˵С




935 ǰĸ 
Ҷ뿪ɽׯһ·Уٵ۶ֱҶҴԺ
ٴҶҴԺҶипǧһʼԼܣҶԶɽҪӭм䷢̫顣
̤֮ͽ֮Ҷж׵𽥵Щˣʱ伸ṳ̂Ժһ
ΣΪȫܹȥðսԪӥߣȻоеռڣΣϵԾɼ
֮ǰҶʽҶһε𣬴˷һ֮ǷܹŻպҶҵĽĿԶСС
Ϊĵ࣬ҶҴԺıʩҲһһģҶոսҶҴԺϰ׵ķΧھͱˡ
ûҶ
һ棬ҶҶӵмߵĵλҶҵĴԱΨһһʱҶҴԺҶ̫үˡ
ΪҪǣҶѳΪȫӢۺػ񣬵λȻƶҶ껻Ҫߡ
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֮ҶԶɽֶ׻ˣվûҶҵһԱ
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෴׼ܹӲдûбҶֱĨѾǰ׼ҵˡ
ܿ죬ҶҵڶԱˣĴԱҲҶԶɽ¹ԹԵػص˴Ժ֮С
ҶһѾλͣĻΪҶ껳ıˣҶ껵ľǿɣڣһЩԾϵ֮⣬ҶҲ϶ܽ
ҶĺҲˣһʼĲҲˣҶĺҲףһֲôõģԼǸλϣԼҲδıҶ껸á
Ҷ˶üһãҶз·ζƿ˵һʲôζ
ȿȡǸСľǶ֪ˣȻ֪Ϊʲôľһѡ֧㣡
ҶԶɽȴ˳Ĭ֪ҶеЩĿ˻Щٵġ
Ҷĺ͵û̫үү˵öԣʲôľҶҶ֧ģȥɣ
ҶĺȻѾˣԾЩĲޡҶнֵĻվڻȨ˵ӦŶԣҶ껡
ҶĺҶȥӥȻԸԼȻţֺοүӵĻô˵Ҳûʲôס
үүô֧СȥðأҲͬ⣡
ҶվҶ˵֣Ҳ˵仰Ӧ֪СҶζʲôһеʲôʧĻôţ
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ҶľҲ˵ȴ֪ҶδػὫԼ׺үү˷ȴһҶ껵Ļ
ǣҶľתҶߵҶ˵磬ͿʱʱҲڳΪʲôţôȥðأ
ǰ磬㿴սΪСߵĴڣΪʲôȥǿɶޣƫƫСҶҲ˵
֪ҶΪﵽʲô̶ȣ뵱ȻΪҶŶ󣿼츳ٺҲܱЩһǿ߸ɣ
С˵Աİ취
Ҷ껵ȻὫҶӵоڵ鵱ô˵˵Ҷĵƣֻ֪ܰá׺Ҷˡ
ҶԶɽҶûпǶ֪Ҷôġ
ҶڳҶҽҶԶɽĴɽֻҪҶһ·˳˳ˮ򲻱޻𣬽Ҷϰʱڶκα仯ûĸܹҶҵĵλ
ӳԶϿҶԽҶҵĶ룬ҶԶɽ
ǵȻϣҶȥգһи̣ʧҶҵ档
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ˣҪ˵ˣȻСѾ˾ľΪף
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ҶҶЩĴĳԱϾǴ͵ģûʲôȨ
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Ҷ껿Ҷ鸴ӡ
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ǾҶңȻȻģȫ磬ȫ࣬ΪеԺӣ
Ҷ˫ִҶļͷ˫ȦЩ죬ҲЩᡣ
ⱲӣǷҶ̫ˣҶȴûκԹԣȫ֧λΪǶҶ̫̫ࡣ
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һ̣ãҶǰԼǵǸ·ûκá
ִҶĿҶԶɽϬ־޴ѹȸС
ﵽ߽ս񾳽۷壬Ҷǿ֮۹ҲȻϬ˺ܶ࣬Ȼûʲô⣬ǱĿɨҶҵЩǵڶҶǵҶĺҶľҶΣǵĴҶˣֱĸо
ΨҶԶɽܹҶĿ⿹⣬ҶԶɽĳȺ侲ǾѪϴ񣬾ξޱųģǻۣԶ
̫үүү֣ˣ
ҶֱҶԶɽҶҶ˹ҾȻֱһ߶ƽڿն𣬻һ⣬ӥڵķλȥ




936 ŭ
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ǿöҶ׼ȷİյӥÿһ¶򣬵֪ͿڻĵĶغ½ˣҶļ١
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ײҶܷŹ

ֱֻ˫һչѸ缲һβ׷ᡣ
ҶԼû뵽Ȼôױ㽫ӥŭˣɵıʲô죬Ϊ˲ӥ뻪ľڣҶֻźƸȦӣϺ޴½ͦ
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Ҷͣӥ̼ŭӥͲΪڷĴݻŻغһСǡ
޷ŭҶһҧҲˣӥڿһöö޺ˣЩ޺˶ɱ֮õģкܶ඼Ǹ߽ս޵޺ˡ

ӥױŭˣЩ޺˵ϢȻǳϤһö޺˾ʹһͷ˲֪޵䣬ҶȻ޺ˣǳƣ
ŭӥٹУǷҶ׷ȥ
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һʱ䣬޵Ƶ֣ʶŴЩ񻰴˵ҲֻǴ˵鹹Ķ
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Ҷͷʵǿɲ޵ʱ˶ΪһѺ
һֱҶɹͷԪӥŭߣǲһ
ŵϴĻ棬жڰԼһ⣺а֮ͽܳɹ𣿡




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ӥһȼŵëʸһҶȥٶ֮죬ͻ˿ռƣ˲Ҷı
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ҶȻѴ߶˻âһħʥ׻壬ҲӲԪ޵ë
ӲˣǹԹԵͣɣһһʹģ׷㣬һĿܾ꣬ĥ֮ȥ
ӥһ׷ᣬһҶҶʵԼ̫ˣûκοɱԣԼ׷ϡ
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һʼʱΪֻ޻̸֮ˣҶʵôȻ츳ѣٶҲܿ죬ǱϾֻǸ߽ս񾳽磬ԪޣҶûһᡣ
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˵ţֿ˳µһۣΪ˵Ǹνĳ˵˵ǱԪǿҲ޷ֵѾעˣϧôһ츳ѵˣ
˵ҶˣʵҲҶֻܶ࣬ΪˣһȻĸ߰ΪȻ츳ٺãԪϡҲΪ
Լֲñˣ˭ܵģҸղѾ˵ˣͷҪ׼
µһ˵һҡͷֻǿϧˣҲֽնɱΪҶ𣡡




938 ɹ
߿֮ϣҶƴȫ߶ƽУ˿и
Ϊӥٶ̫ˣüι
ȻʵԶͬߣԽսħʥ׻ӥʵ̫УҲش
ӻǰĶؾţÿһҶգǵĸŽ
ʣҶϣҶˣô˭Լȥأû˸еˡ
Ҳڤڤ⣬Ҳ־ɳǣһģжϲԣҶȻŴαӥȴÿζض˹ȥоյһ·ӥ޴½С
챣ӣϣҶܹɹͷֲɷָĵط
һ̣ƽʱôŹҲ̲ס翵ү
ߣսһö˵Ѿ׼µĴҲѾˡ
ֻҶͷӥ˵λã߾ͿԷ䣬ƱҪͷֲ޺ɱ
Ҷɫ԰ף͸֧÷ǳأͨߵİٱһˡ
ǵ͹ͷӥķٶȺͿֲĹ
ڶ̶̰ĹѾӥԸ޼˲°ٴΣδֱӹҲвʱһʿǿ̫ˣħʥ׵ķͱճ˽̿
ΪԪеߣӥǽģ
ιδҶɱӥֱŭ
ŭ֮࣬Ҳòϣʿֱ̫ƻˡ
ÿһԼĹǰԤ֪ӶȷĹܶԼĹա
֪ҶһߣͬʱҲһʿǵ͵˫ޣǿľӵԶ˵ĸ֪ΣյԤҲһʿǿ̫ˡ
ڣҶԽӡ󡢺캣Ͽ֮󣬽˷޴½ľڡ
ӥ׷ᣬȻ˽⵽ϣûʲôܹвԼԸͲҶ滨ҲҪȽ˺ˣóе
޴½ľڣҶ˿иԽǿ쵽ɹʱԽʧܣһ鷢̫ˣҶԼϡ
ңʧܾζΪԼСҶҲ⣬ǿɳĮȥ
ɳĮ޴½ı޴½ǧٹϱһǧٹﵽŰǧƽ൱ôˡ
ɳĮ򣬿νǲë֮أ궼ǻɳɳҪ˵࣬Ϊǿɳƶ޷Ļ档
ĵòÿʱÿ̶ڴȻĹ֮·ű仯ǴӿоĻ׾ͻʧ˷򣬵ԶҲ߲ƬɳĮеĸ֮ɳĮеһ߸ʬ
޴½֮Ҷڰæ֮кͨһλ׸꣬ǵͼúע˳
ҶϵʾȻȷԼڵλ֮һֱ߽Լڵλúʹϵ
κξ룬̵ֱģҶҲ˲·ˣƽ߶£ԤĴ㡣
࣬ܲˣӵҶὫ˺飬ѪƽϢҵŭ𣡡ӥһ׷һ˻Ǹо·ҶӵĺǣҲҪҶɱ
֮ԶҶ׷ᣬԭ򣬵һҶߵĹоȻ޺Լĵץ
ڶҶϴڹŸֵľ֮һȻ˶ɱˣԾˣҶ֮һ±ܴ裬ڷ޵ƤӵߣڸһĴơ
ҶϢиоҶܲһ㣬ʿͬеʮʢ
ѪޣǴ󲹵ĶֻҪҶпٴνףпЩԼʣѹа
ɣ֪ǰΣҲԲӥΪǿĹӦþǽԼը˵ֵˡ
ǿȵıըȷֲܿ벽ԪҲĿסǶȴûãĻΣ
ΪҶϿ϶ǳ⣬ֻҪڣδػٴʹǿĹ
һ˵ǿĹʵ̫ˣʩչһλУϵʿʩչٴΣϾԽĹҪԽ࣬ǵ˲Ƶ
νȷãͨõģϧǵĪ硣
ȻԪûôŨȴʽֲ˵Ϊ֤ݡ
ڣĿ֮£ҶɹĽӥ˺˵λá
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ʱ侲ֹ˶ڵȴһ춯صľĻ棬ǵзǳ˵ܳɹͷĹ
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ʱʵѾǿ֮ĩˣǿ۲ں˵û֮ǰܶڵռȥ
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ţɳĮУ潫ɶʿ컹ûκġ
˵ңطģ㲢ԶҲ׿ⰲŵģӥΣյĸ֪Ҳǳǿ󣬾Բ̫ԶˣһβܽУ´뽫ˡ
䣡
ӥˣҶʵ̫ƻˣĹûһЧģƵòʹ˿ұ죬츳޼
һٺɫĻĿǻһ㣬ɳĮγһҶ׷ȥ
ʱҶҲ˺ںĺ˵Լٶ߽
鼱֮£Ҷʹ˳̵ľٶ˼еļޣգۼԶ˵Ĵ㣬һһͻȻһöɫĻʹڣҶҲʧˣ
ţ
ӥһ㶣֪Ҷ«ʲôҩ
͵ӥ㿴ɫĻʹʲôʱ򣬳˵Ҳˡ
䣡
˵ءըѣǿҵİ׹ž죬һĢƻɳĮз·ʯݺݵײһһ㡣
ݵĿհ֮ܿĻһ޴Ģƿٵգ˵ĵطֳһ״ʯӣеһжʧˡ
ûӻֻл棬ȴʲôҲˣɳһļµĢơ
һ̣жһʣɹ𣿣




939 
ʮСʱǼػ潫˵ըĵطǰ
Ȼ
ը֮󣬳Ļɳͱը֮⣬ʲôҲ޷жϱը㷽Բ֮ھʲô
˿˿ֲıըѹͲκܹˡ
ʮСʱ֮˶ȽĿƼ̽ǣ˻ķʽڱը㸽ʽ̽Ѱ
ǵǶôĵѰҶǷ񻹻ţڵӥûбըֻҪ̽⵽֣̾Ҫǲǿǰ鿴˳㽫նɱ
Ȼ
̽ǴĽȴڰվ㷽Բ֮ڶûκļҲ˵ҶˣӥҲˡ
ͳжʱ˺ܶ࣬ҶΪȫึԼһӹɣ϶ΪƣӢ¼ȥ
ʵҶжǼȫ񲥳ˣǿ϶סȫľΪలȫˡ
ҶվˣЩĿ˲ΪʲôǿΣʱʱ̵̿вǡǲ֪Ĵڡ
ΪġȫʿгɳٶʿҶ˺͹ǵж˾޴ѹ
ǲϣһǱ˳ɳģΪǽζŻĽδʮ꣬ϰ궼ǲɺģԻΪȫ䣡
һѾǹԱˣҶٳɳ̸κϣˡ
ԣҶἺΪΪȫİΣǷǳģǰҡ
˽̽Ǵȫ򹫲ں˵ը㷽Բ֮ڶûκ֣ζҶΪ棬Լ
ϧˣôһˣûˡ
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ҶԼΪǴȥϣ˶иģٻĶҲһ
Щʿڿź󣬷׷ŵӻҶֵĻ湪ҾԼ𾴡
˾彵죬ʾλӢ۵İȫһ֣л̨ҳȫ˺ڰɫ
ֻ޴ֵ²ŻĳЩվߵ̨֣ȫʣվȫɺڰɫǵһΡ
֮߳ţͷй˾ȫż٣ȫʵݼ١
ǿҽٺ׵ķԼ񾭣˿֮УоưȫΪṩŸơ
޴ΣˣͷϵĸֵʧˣÿҶλӢۣȫľ
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ҺһȥҲСˣǸСǿκκβ
վʾԼͬˣȻըĻǿĺ˷䣬Ƕǿ˵ֻҪɢȫЩ仹κβǵġ
˾ʱսܲ˼֮ͣȻԪսҹ硢ҹڡɽӡԲɪǵˡ
ҴʦҶ
һϣؿϣõһЩο
ԴҶڶӥ֮Ǽһ˲˲ĶŻ棬üӥҶʱǵļɤۡ
һֱҶɹĽӥɳĮĵش˵ըǰһ̣ǶϣҶܹһ١
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ǿĺ˱ըݻһУҲݻǵǿıըǰҶܹ
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Щ˶ս˵ĳˣԪս˵ĸЩʿҲûǡ
Ԫֱս˵Ĵ֮Уʱ׺׼޵ɳĮıը㸽ȥѰҶϢˣ֪ȴû˵ʲô
ΪĿǰҲ֪ҶȻҶǰʾڵռ֮Уɵʱʵ̫ȣ֪Ҷûлڵռ֮С
ʱҶûнǸĿռ֮еĻôʣҶɣǿҵıըκζġ
Ҷҽ˾ڵռ֮Уܹط˵ը
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£Ҳ˵ʲôȦһпҪԣҲںԼĺֿ֪ôãһֱͽˣʱѾΪʱ
ͬı磬ǾԸٿԼıͽϵġ
ӣİɣС϶ûµģӦңӦңһŻģǷİɣҺȥը㸽ȥѰһġ
ûаѻ˵ֻ˵˴ȴû˵ĻǻģΪҲȷҶûлš
µĸ߿Ƽ̽Ƕû̽κεһʵûеס
Ҹһȥ
˵൱û˿תء
žǿһ̾Ըƣ
ðɣ
û˵ģţ㱬ըصĲôǿԼܹġ
ʦҲȥСҿųģҲġ
ҲҪҪȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ջûľܾԼʵĹĲ࣬ƺûиʲôɫɳȻ޷˵İҶԼҲмӡ
Σ£Ҳ˵ܾĻֻõͷӦҲȥûġ
Ҵʦ״ʦҲҪȥ˶ҵСļҲ󡣡
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ðɣǾһȥ
׺˿һּۣΪɪҲѾнս񾳴ԲˣԱӦûģͷӦˡ
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ʣһ˳սܲзɳĮըģ




940 ǰ磬ͨ
˾ڣһܻ֯Уµڱչʿڱչص֮С
ЩµûѹһЩöܶϹʱż֮жоʯĴڣЩżЩʯѹһա
ЩʯṩһټƵİָ㣬µڳԪ˵еľ硣
ڵ˵Ԫһ޴żһ˵еľ硪Һɲһܹġ
ѹٽһǳ԰յĹؿѧţҲؿ϶Žһŵ
Ȼ
Ԫʿ˵ȴʲôΪǿ߶һҺķš
ƲذµأҺķŸ˳µأͬʱһԳµͻ硣
ЩˣƵѾȫˣµͻơ
Ԫ뵣֮ѻ˴ľʯЩʯѾԪСС֮С
ҵǽںͽµز˾ԪԪйԴԴϵԪյ֮С
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ڣһҺɹµسɹף˴˵е򡪡Ԫ
ԪҲ٣ʯ촷ۣڳµɢϢбˡ
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һжæûĻƾԼ֪Ҫܳɹ
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ʿµȻΪһۣϲŭɫһܹġ
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йŭ֮ʶһҪ⣬Ҷʵô죿
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ΪҪǣ֪ҶΪ˵κӦ
ˣҶҲðΣգӥɳĮú˵ɱˣ
ͬ磬ַͨ
ȻҶϵҪ֮û˿ԥֱӵͷӦˡ




941 ע
ըĵķȻǿ׺Ԫ˵ڻ֮¸ûκв
˷ɢԱըĵľ޿ΪԲģѰҶټǼţҶԲµġ
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սҲڲϵĺţҲҶԲҲ֪ϣãˡ
ǣ˶ѰҵĹиоϣһҶѵˣҲס˵ıը
䡭
ԽԽԶʱ󣬾޴ɳӱԵͻȻһ죬һ貵Ľɳڰתš
ڣҶ
Զսϱˣͷȥֻһڰзҫ۵Ĺâϼڵķȥ
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ǰҪǱģοЩ˻Լֵܵʦүү
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ϢˣٴεϷзҶԾǻƽĻƽǸ߽׷з˿ս˵ķдٶȻ֮졣

Ҷ޴½ĹάɳĮٷеʱҲѾųµ߽˽ɫĹţͨռͨ硣
߳ŵһɲǣµزɵôסˣԪŨҪĸоë׶·ſһ
Сĵ㣬ɭ֣ǧҪǿޣĻҪ˵ˣǳҲֻߵķݡ
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ܺá
Ƴһ£һŻ㱨ȥͨһҪǧκʧ𣿡
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ҡҡͷʦܣû˽µʼĩ¹ش󣬾Բ˿ʧȥɣҪס־ԲκΣգ⣬ִǰȥͨĹ֮ǰֹţԲܷκһͷ޺ʿ룡
İɣʦ֣ǾҲᱣֵİȫ
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ƵͷֱշУԪڵķȥµǴСǰͨ
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άɳĮ޴½ı޴½֮Ҫһʱķвܵ
Ҷ޻ʿͨԷٶȼ죬׺Ҳ֤һͨαӡģ˶û˵ʲôֱάɳĮȥ
άɳĮȻ󣬵ǴȻϿǷǳƣһɳľ
ά˵࣬ԣɳĮҲǰɳӱɹụ̀ر¶ȼߣܿعϡ
¶ȶҶЩʿ˵Ͳʲô˴ɳĮϿһӶֱɫ֮ǰ
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ҶӣԪҹ˲ɵһпͬǴСţΪβô
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ۡ
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ڿռ֮ͨУҶɨǰΧ³µزڿռ֮ͨ͵ϮԼ
Ȼһֱ˺ܾҲûκ쳣ҶãµؿѾ磬ûвڿռ֮ͨС
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Ҷһ˹ţ֮СɽУŨԪǧë׶ſˣ̰ΧԪ
˹֮ҶӦΧֳһЩ֮⣬ûзֳµصӰ
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ʧ֮࣬ҶûмȥѰҳµأǰϵָӣȫ߶ڣһɵĽ⼤֡
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ӡҶһ𣬹˲ʧˣ͵ͨˡ
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Ҹۻ굤ҩ㰴ҩռĲϰɡ⣬ղŷӡͨ󣬶޷߶ڣԼСġסԶȵΣգһҪСĽűʲôҪ
˵꣬ҶԺӿһϢһӦһƪҩ
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ҶԿһ¾ۻ굤ҪĲϣ㵹һ˾ۻ֮⣬ʣµһЩҲǼ亱ҩ
Ҫƾۻ굤Ҫкܳһ·Ҫߣûа취ˣ
Ϥơۻ굤ҩҶ뵽ϢʾۻʮΣյĽ֪ڲȡۻݸʵֻеպʵǿ֮ǰ
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ԪŨֻҪŬʵӦܹĺܿ졣
Ƭ̹Ҷջ˼زԪȵŨ̫ˡ
СӣȻ츳ѣֻԪĻҲܳΪǿߣܴ߶õľڷͨҶܲش
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ҶƣȻԪôŨԼ츳ҲΪʲô޷ǿߣ
һԪڵǴ˵еľ磬ֻ𲽽׶Ρ仰˵ԪʿʿֻʿǿһЩţνǵ
ڶȻŨΪǿߣֻؼǲģҪʯҲǵľʯ
֪ҶνӴ磬缸ûʲô˽⣬͵֮Ͼ磬ЩĲǺܴģĸһ
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֪Ҷ˵һİ磬㲻䷳ϸһ
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ҶԼӶҳһˣɵٴδϵĻʵôƽʲôأ
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ĸ׵ĸ磬Ϊڣʹƣĸ׼޸żˡżҲǵ塣żҵĵ۱һκƽ֮Сһĸ׵ĸ磬Ҳľ˾ˣΪҼ棬ͨùżҵıӻʵΪ˵õ۱ΪҼ
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ҶǣĵľһԪɵǿ߽ǽǵľ޴ѡ
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ͬʱƾ;ķУҲѾصԪɣӢӵһ·ͨž޵ĵطд򣬲ҽʶ˳µصԭԭŻ㱨һ顣
ţǸȻСԪҲΪѷʲʶʿ˵Ļ֮Ӳ˽һ㲽Ԫĵزǽˣô׿֮ԴԴϵسΪԪɵĺ
ƽµصΪͣԪŽһ飬ǿ˵ʺԶãֻǾڴ󻷾عŵΪʵС
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Ԫɵ֮Ϊ⶯ȷ˹ƲǺ˵֮ϾǲеһλϣеľӢǰɭ֡
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¾֮ɷǵԪһ֣ùȥϢԵһͯ˵ȥ˵Ҫǰң


947 ѩԳ
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ҶȻӡ˿ռͨȴԪɵ˻ԾڷӡԶĵط
һԪŨԶڵʱ죬õԪѷ⡣
ҲܹͽŷӡĿռͨñԪɵǿƿ˷ӡΪ޴ѡ
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ԪŨɽз·һ㱡֣żһ紵ҩܰ㡣
ҶипǧĵطڵϼǲѰҵģ˵ͨĵطЩӡϹʥ֮ҲûŨԪûôҩ
ҶλڹŸԶһʯ֮ϣʯţСǳ⻬ͺ꾭ˮˢγɵһ㡣
ϵûٴ˯֮УΪԪŨѷ˯ˡ
һԭҶ磬ܶ黹֪ҪһԱʱѣ¶š
ԭϲ˯֮УǱҪʱҲͲٳ֣ˡ
Ҷû˵ʲôܵش֮ʹãѾݽߣû˯֮Ѿǳˣܲʱʱ̶̿Լɣ
ǿģΪ˾ʵҶȴԾɸ֮£˿и
˵ԪҲŶѣϵʿԶȵǿ֮·ҲӼѣ˾ɱ¾

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Ҷ֮еʱȴ궯޶Ԫı仯Ƿǳеġ
ҶġԵΧԪܿ죬һͷްѩԳܵԪ쳣ѭԪҶڵƬСɽѰ˹
ѩԳ⸽һͷްʵﵽ˰벽ԪǻۣԶһ޸ӴԣȻʵûдﵽԪȴԾɳΪ⸽һ
ϴԪӥ׷Ϲƽͨʱ֪ȴûиȥ֡
ԭܼ򵥣ѩԳΣյĸ֪ǳΪԲա
ݽɱ֮⸽İ벽Ԫ޶ӥȥ˵һӵ⸽ûǿޣҲ˳µĳΪһİ
ѩԳԭӦѩɽ֮ϵģɭеĻʵʺڸһں̶ѩγһصأ
ѭԪķ򣬱ѩԳܿҶСɽȣĵСɽе¶ȶȻ˲١
ҶȻ֮УǶ¸ıǳУ轵ϳ
һУ˲״̬˳˫ĽâȻ˱ѩԳ
ܣѩԳĸͷһԳߴܶ࣬ߣεǺԳûʲô𣬲ȴһİëȥÿ
ǣҶȴ޺ҷǳİԳϸܵŨŨĵ⡣
Ȼɭ޵ĵ̣ǲӭģֺοʿһ綼ɱޣȡ޺˵ġ
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벽Ԫ
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ӱѩԳɢϢܹоʵӦڰ벽Ԫľ硣
ǰ벽ԪҶҲԲǶ֣οħʥҲûдͲܵͷԳĹ
ΣҶҲҪԣԼϢɢȥԥȼͬʱһҶɵǰƷڿС
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ѩԳûиҶ׼ʱĴ㣬֮˫ȭأ׹һֱҶ˹
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Ҷľ˵κ¶ôͲŶԣԳģӦú޼ôͷԳϵ¶ȾȻôͣ
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ԥҶһ㣬ͬʱԾңѷɵԳؿں˫缤ȥ

죬ҶɵڱѩԳϣȴûжκ˺һɫƤëǿ
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ѩԳ˫ƻҶԭվλãֱӽǿţСʯ촷ۣʯӵһҶ
ͬʱѩԳҽ֧أһԭڵϵβֱһݺݵĳҶϡ
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ûϵѩԳȻУʶ㲻ȼյҲΪֱӴˣҴܣ
ʱ˵ǱѩԳİ벽ԪޣһͷͨҰҲɽɱ
һ棬Ҷ⵽ػǾԶһʿǿᣬһѱ
Ȼû
ҶȻûѩԳҲһ㶣û뵽徹Ȼôǿ󣬰ԼһȻû
ڱѩԳһĹҶ߶ڣһֱӽ˾ڵռȥˡ
ţ
ѩԳһ㶣ë׵צʹԼ۾ǰڿеתľڣһơ
ղһʿԼϴĸӦѾˣһܹˣգۼȴˣȡ֮һɫĻʹڡ
ৣ
ץУѩԳȥĿȴʼտʲôˣޱϾޣûô
Ҷռ䣬ϱӦˣܿ澿ʲô£ֱԻռ֮УҶ˵ҶԺҪע⣬޵£пԶ֮УʿԲУڻᱻԷõûɾûôˣ
ҶȻľ˵е޲ôϾޣʿȴ֪۱ģһֵõ۱ΪԷ˽֮ԼҲڷϾԼʼմռ֮У
ҶϽ̸ʱ򣬱ѩԳо˰Ҳûоͨڣȴףⶫ϶Ҷйأž뿪Сɽȡ




948 Ϊ
Ԫλ򣬺ɭ־벻ԶȻԶŴеĳҲһİΪǿĳˡ
ڵ֪֮ԪűǲʵǿǰΪӣ֮еһЩᾫӢɭ֡
ΪһСţԪȻҲǿķзһͭսõʱҲͰƴСһ߶ʮ˶⡣
һ˳սɭֵΧսͽɭֵǰɭʵ̫ˣЩޣǿ߶ԶǣȻȥùͷ
ڹƵĴ£նʵһޱֱӻɱʵǿ޲ŻСйȥ
ɭֵΧûʲô̫ǿ޴ڣ޶ʶģԽĵش޵ʵԽǿΧһЩСޣвǡ
Ȳ
ǰ̽ǸС磡
ǵʵǸ޵еĴڣ
ԪɵЩᾫӢǸ˷ܣΪеĿѾ֪Ҫǰһ磬֮ͳ֮󣬵򽫳ΪԪһҪĺֿʹ󷽣һ㣬Щǿĵ嶼С
ʦ˵ĵĻ˵ֵǸҲûǿʿǰ͸ǵġ
ûݹʦ˵ǸʺԶֻڴ󻷾̫ӣԪϡԲŵΪǿǸ֮󣬽һЩֵѡνγԪɲǿʢ
һ·ϣЩᾫӢǷǳ˷ܣһ߸·һţµ֮ԪɱؽӭһǰٵʱΪĴ
ǸʱԼЩ绹ǺŰ·˭ǣ
ιʦ˲湦ؽΪĵӣδγҲûпܵġ
ûϲʦ֣Ժ󷢴˿ɱЩֵܰ
˰뿪Цƨ˵
ȻֻǵһЦʵѾֿ˻ԭȻŵĴӣΪʵãǺĵӡԪɻгǵĵӺ̫ϳϵĹŵӡ
Щʻʵǿһһֱеǣ֮ðΣȥ͵ӥҲҪԼʵӶĵӵȦӡ
磬κŶһģÿŶΪŵӺŵӣԲ۷壩֮¶ֻŴţûнŵʸ
һﵽԲ۷壩ľ磬ᱻע⣬֮յŵȥŵӺŵӣԴ似ȵȶкܴĲ
ԣŵԴҲΪŵӣ
һΪŵӣǴãҲݵһ
ŵҲΪ֣һͨŵӣʵԲ۷壩ͻƵԪĵӡ
ڶֱθһģ֮ΪӢӣȫͻԪż
֣ҲЩӢӿ˵ĺĵӣĵӵĶһδţʵԪĺڣԪ۷壡
ȼɭЩƴɲĵӵȦӣȴܹƾʵȦӣϾŻǼ󲿷˵ʶƽ
ϴնڹƵĴɭֵĸǰʱһһɵżɭлɱޡ
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ҪĿĻĥЩǵʵԣ֮ٳɳ
ѪĿ飬ԶеĻ䣬ھп޷档
ڵĵطɭΧмشѩԳزԶ˿ںһͷݵİߵ㱪ɱ
ͷߵ㱪ҲǸһͷޣʵֲٶ죬ȻǵΧȴԾܹ֧Ųܡ
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ЩУһɫȹŮȻ·Ǵȴĺ
һͷںڵĳɢԺͷ˸٣һľʵӣԵƮݳ˼ӡ
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սһüĿ꣬һɫۿȥޱȡ
ֳһɫǹǹƥһɳĳǹ廨һ㣬չŮŮκΣա
ֿɱŮˣǹ⴦һĹâвߵ㱪ҪȫһĴ򷨡
ڣͷߵ㱪˺ǣܷģֻһչһŮʲôΣա
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ΪޣѩԳԪĲ쳣УԪĲ֪ȻʿɱԼͬ࣬ȥ
ڴʱǿľϸӦŮ˵ĴڣܹӦǵʵʲôϡ
ڱˣϵû̫ĵģԷһʵǿߣҶĿǰ״˵ߣǼΧɱߵ㱪ҲǶ֡
ʱԽԽȣѩԳٶȺܿ죬ӽսʱͷߵ㱪ҲѾΪ֡
ڼʿΧ֮£Ѿദˣʱֹͣߵ㱪Ҳ˶ˡ
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۱ĺ˲֪˲ţЩ˾ʶģ򲻿ǿڵĴڣ
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Ҷ֪Ŀǰ֮׼뿪ڣΣҲܱ˷֣ɲǵ򣬶磬ûκԼ£۱ջʹκ˱ǿ
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ʱڻڱѩԳУҶóȻ뿪Ļпܻ⵽ĿһĿǰ״ٰһµĻпֱӱ
һУҶΪˣ
ȥпܱ˷־ڵĴڣӶɱ˶ᱦ
ȥпܻᱻѩԳڣ廹ûиԭµס˵Ŀһ
ͷһͷҲһҶѵľأ




949 գ
ҶʱѾˣҪѡ񣬷һǰٽڱ֣Լɡ
ȨҶǾӾڵռгڰԳҶƴһƴʿУߵĻᶼûС
ৣ
ʱ޶࣬ҶȻƻûȬҲֻðճˣһҧһֱӴӾڵռз߳һ˲ʧڡ
ԭѩԳעǰĲ˿ͻȻһգҶǰ
໺𡭡
ѩԳһ˻ԿνǺ֮ˣղŵȻûжκ˺ǿĳһۡ
˿̣ۿҶʧʱһͻأĳ֣ѩԳ̿ŭͬʱݺ˦һƣҶ
顪
촫Ҷֱӱˣ˺üһѪɫɷޱȣǿ־ѵĻֱӾͱιȥˡ
Ҷ۷״̬ĻɵϣĿһƾͺأȻռ֮еˣԾûȬӰʵӣٶȺͷӦˡ
Σʱ̣Ҷҧأһƽ˲չѾ޷ٴ߶ˣֻ衣
ಣ
ѩԳû뵽Լһػ֮ҶȻûȻӶݣһ㣬һɫ׷ȥ
ʱػҶƻƽƽ˲ջأ£Ҷߵķһ㣬صˤǸһŮߣһֱۣιȥ
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ͯ糿ǰˣ
ŮüĿɷһеĳһâֱӽѩԳˡ
ѩԳôҲǰ벽ԪİΣյĸ֪ǳͯ糿ֵһɲǱ֪ˣʱҲˣֻӲͷƤһǡ
ͯ糿ʢķ£ֱ˱ѩԳߣĽ졣
ţѩԳֻòһڹҲԭأмܵƣеɢһʵĹ棬һͷԵڵϡ
ϲʦãв1޺ˣһű飬פʥɹʦա߹һ΢Цͯ糿ء
ͯ糿û꣬תҶߣóһöƿеһöٲܰĵҩˮιҶ¡
ҶѵлȴȻԼѹԣֻüװŬŬ죬Ȼ˹߻ҩơ
ˣȻǽһЩϢԺˣ
ͬʱٴγ֣йһЩϢʶԡ
ЩϢУҶ֣ԺͻȻв𣬵ǲ𲢲໥֮仹ܹģɵøеЩ졣
Сʱ֮Ҷڵõ˿ƣ𲽻ָţȻԶԶûиԭԼչԼѾûˡ
ֻʿôҶԴɭ֣
Ҷ˵״̬ѹ֮ͯ糿ݸһˮңȵˮȻɻʵ
ɻΪ֪ɭĽأгߴ죬һʵԲһЩʿǾԲҶһ˴ɭֵġ
ͯ糿ҲһɻؿҶ

ղѾһЩϢҶһѻ˵ԼɭɽΧһСɽ壬һʱҪܷлĳɼ
ɭΧһͷǿ޵׷ϣŲ·֮²Ŵɭ֣Ȼͷ޵׷ϣҲ·Ѱҳ·ʱײ˱ѩԳ׷ɱЩɥ
ԭ
ͯ糿һ£Ҷ˵ãŵӣԸĻԼţҲи֮ء
ͯʦãװɣѾ˶ʮ꣬ڲŲڶѣʺܲɺ塣
΢΢üҶš
һ棬˵ŵŵȻҪֻڣյĶС꣬ԽСԽãɳĿռҲԽ
һ棬ڶͯ糿չ׷ƣղſͯ糿ҶʱѾ񣬺޲ҶֱӱѩԳһԸҶţ
ͯʦ㣬ʦ˵ûȻڣѾõ䣬岻󣬶һװ˷һŵӵ
һĳʦԣһӷףһŮæ˵
ǳĸ࣬Ȼóе뷨ʱ򲻳ûһôأ
Ȼʮ꣬ΪѾﵽ۷壬Ҳǵϵ۷壬ҶʵҪǿ˵ʱȻԵԽС
Ȼ޷ﵽյӵҪҾͲȥˣлĺ⡣
Ҷ˲ǵѪ˵
ȻȲҪһǸ߸ϵ̬ͱĵĿȴиⲻ
ûϵҪﵽˣֻ΢һѣҲûʲôҲ֮ǰֻûнͳԲŵʵ
οʷвǿʿǴɣ㲢ûʲôǼŰɣͯ糿΢Ц˵
ͯʦ㣬⡭
Ҫ˵ʲôͯ糿üĿһɣŭⰻȻʱŵվһԣ˵ʲôˡ
ȻһЩûʲôĿռ䣬ŵӣһЩֻǿԵģô˰ɣ
˳Ĭʱ߿ˣ˵Լ
ȻΪҶͯ糿˵дɵĿܣͯ糿ŵ飬Ȼͯ糿ѾˣҲòӡ
ϳɾܹε֮г䵱ӵĽɫʵȷһԣǿ϶ģ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲôԹɫıԱʵǿ
ɲԸΪһҶϺŵšʱֻҪͯ糿ŵǰ˵ϼ仵Ȼڳ֮λ϶Ӱġ
ˣԴԺŵˣͯ糿ЦЦ
ûʲô˰ɣ
ͬʱ߹Ҷ˵ܹԼжĻ͸һţȻչؽܿ飬ҲôҼʶһʵ
һ൱Ưͯ糿ﲻ𣬶Ҳ൱ǿӲĺ̨Ȼͯ糿ģǰչܿ飬͵ҶܷŻ֮䣬Ҳ
߰ɣһз
˵ţͯ糿һ˫ŷҶһзš
ৣ
ԣɫһ䣬ͯ糿ķûû뵽ȻҶһʮֲˬǸоȳԷʱһֻӬҪܣ
Ȼ
ˬ鲻ˬ˼û˵ʲôֻҶĿ¶һ˿βסŨŨ




950 磿
ͯ糿һٶ룬Ҷԥһ£ԳĬͬ˼š
ȻǸĳ̬ⲻˬóͯ糿ĳܺãȷʵԼŵġ
ҪǣҲȷһɽŲܹ⣬ܰ뿪ɭ֡ûܹȻ߳޵ĵ̡
糿Ҫ÷һ·߳ȥ;Ҳ˳ɱһЩޣƻҪڻȥĻҲƽϾƻûȬŲԵʱ޷ʵս
ۿͯ糿ҪҶţ߿ѵ
ţ
ͯ糿һף۳˵ûʱҪҶȥμſ˵Ļȥ˷
Ƿص·ɱһЩޣûץˡͯ糿Ҷ˵
лл
Ҷͷл
ͯ糿û˵ʲôǼӵѩԳʬԱߣֽгˡ
ͯ糿ʬȡһöȭͷ޺˺һöѴӣö·ǽһ㣬ȴͷű˵ĺΧĻĲٶˡ
ͯ糿óһƿ棬ʱֱ˵ĺ⣬ɼƿҲǱ
ͯ糿Ѿ޺˺ͱȡߵֱѩԳǳѵãѪ̺֮һֲʳģҪ˷ˡ
˵ţſ³һɫССӭ籩ǣֱӽ׵ıѩԳʬ˽ȥ˲Сصڡ
Ҷӵɳλ߹ȻϵıﾹȻ缫ΪĿռ
ȡ˱ѩԳʬ֮˲ٵ飬ʼɽ֮ȥҶҲУһ档
ʱѾ˴ޣԻȥ·ϵǲûż̫ǿޡ
һЩʵСޣڳѪɫǹ֮½һоͱڵϣû˿ֵ
ҶҲʶֲʵڵԼԲĶ֡
ɽ֮еһƬľҶ·ִԽ˵ĺʱĸо
ǴֿΧĲľдУԴ쳣̸ƣʱʱзɹһͷ޴ݣͶһƬӰ
磬һֻߵĽɫζһ˫ҫĴǰϼӲʯצпˡ
һˮͰϸľſڽһͷ÷¹ȥĶΧһж˺ˮʯʴð̡
֮뿪ɽмشɭֵΧ
ֻҪɭֵΧûˣΪɭֵΧûʲô̫ǿ޴ڡ
ϾҪ߳ɭֵмشϢһ°ɡ
һҰɭֱԵͯ糿Ϣһ£ҶȻָûеӣȴûжʱˣڻΣյشʱҲá
ȻҲûʲô˸ҵطϢڸתơ
ദҶѾ֪߽죬ŵĳϣҲĴߡ
ߣôǷһ
ҶߣֻҶ̵
ҶֱӶŮѡӣѹû磬Թڵ׼˹ˡ
ʱҶͷȻоһ־޴Σգɵ˫ۣΣմķȥ
껹ΪԼĻ̼ʱһˬ
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˵䣬һëľ޴צһɽ룬
ҶֱһźڵϺݺһ£֮һ㼤ȥֻܹצĻ
ͬʱҲ׷ױܿˣëצݺݵ˸ղڵλãһ졣
䣡
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һҪ˵ϣҶôĺֱӱĳӿ¶˵ġ
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쳤һȣ֣Զһ޴ĽâֱӽһСɽʯͷ룬ԪΧһнʳɷ顣
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쳤ϵһһ޴
Ҷ㿴һĻ澰Сɽʯͷ߳һֱëĴɣʮ׿⣬ްһ㣬һضŲ
գ
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ģȻ˫ͷɣɭеôܵˣ
㱻˿ӣղһ£ӦĻֱӾͻᱻĳˡ
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ߣ
쳤һߣֱӷϰգһһֲĽâ˫ͷɻɱȥ
˫ͷƺҲеǰС̺Ҳе־Ȼѡ˺ˡ
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쳤һȣſһƬϼ⣬ϼУһɫС·𶴴һ㣬һһȭͷĿ׶
˵߽ӽʮ׵˫ͷ˵С˸κβСĵطλãֱӽˡ
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˫ͷǿȻܵˣʱҲˣȴˣһԾ޴צϵĻӶ˵ƻ
쳤ϸûи࿹ǲȡζķʽһ
飡
飬˫ͷô׿Ҳֲ˶೤ʱ䣬һӺٴα쳤ϴһԴ޷ټ֣һ˵ϣһƬ̳
Ŀս̵Ҷĳȣױ޺쳤ϵʵ𺳵ˡ
ܳϹȻʥ̥ǿߣȻôǿ˫ͷɶɻˡ
ҶԶһŵĵӣ૵˵βס𾪺Ľ
ʥ̥
Ҷ𾪣͵ͬԪǵϵĴ˵ʥ̥ƺǿߡ
СӣǲرĽʶУЦŴȤ
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ҶͷϣԼ뷨סϣ󷽷ĳˡ
ĽʣϷĽ̵;ڵİܿͻᳬġ
ϰο
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ԼԪ֪ʲôʱܴﵽأ
סǾڵˣǾ۵ļ̳ߣ
ƺҶľɥٴοڣʮ࣬ã֮·ϲز۵Ļұ֤õĽҶ֣쳹½




951 Թ
ɭ֮Уɱ¾ѪɫĻֻһЩʵǿʿŸ븹ȥ̽ա
ҶߵʱԪϴŹƵҲִ͵֮ͨСɽȡ
Сɽ֮ϵ˷ֲûйƿ˵Ǹʲôͨʱü
ƣô£˵Ǹͨʲôطôûаͨĺۼ
һؽƽй¿ɴСǹƹѣǵܽĵӵȦӣпܵĳͷ
һϲŹƻ᲻֪ǰһȴﲢûʲôռͨ

Ҳɵˣռͨôʧأ
һӣ֪ԼһĽ͵ĻԼҪͷˡ
еĿռͨȷСɽаôͻȻʧأ
ϣӾԲƭңռͨȷɽ֮УȥҾԲŪģ
ƻҲռͨĻ֪ԼʦôͷԼҲԲʲôý
֮⣬ߵЩԭƥľӢһɵĿܲˡ
һ֣̿˵ѵӣϳһ£ԸңڵҲҪռͨҳ
ಡ
һ£ЩӢǱ㿪ʼæСɽеĵƤˣȴԾҲռͨӰӡ
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˼ԼķΧԲ֮ڶһ飬ջûκη֡
ǿƵȷûѵıҪһˡ
ûдƵȨֻܾȽ˴š
ƵöѪˣôҲ벻ͨǿռͨСɽУôĪʧأ
ʲôҲ˵ˣȻȥ˵
˳ɽȣԪɷȥ
Ҳƣ˳ԭΪ²֮û뵽ȴǹҧݣջϲһ

ͬʱ
Ҷͯ糿һڻɱ˫ͷ֮ԭϢ˰ʱһЩ޵⣬ֲժһЩԱ֮żȥ
ȻɭֵΧѾû̫ǿˣȴĳ˲ٵԪޣ˷ⲻ⣬֪ʲô£ΪʲôЩԭмشôܵΧˡ
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Ůͯ糿磬Լʿһ֣ܿ㽫նɱ
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ԳʦֵʵڽĺĵӴбȻܹǰ壬ѹȺۣŲμԪǵŴΪ⣡
Ȼûܲ뵽ս޵Уȴţ֣ŽŵΪźƨĵǽһ
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Ԫɺ֮һֱͷ˫ԹѾйεĦһǣţ±̵ְչģսˡ
ϣԽԪƺѾָտɴˣܲеο
ЩԪ޵ʵҲǷǳǿģڳǰûκηĻ㱻ɱˣ
ֻеɻǣЩԪԭӦɽмشΪһģû뵽ȻΧѵɭֵڲʲôʣ
ͷ쳤ϵԺһɭоʲôʣܹȥ̽ġ
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ҶĬȭΣҲҪʵﲻʥ̥Ҳܱȳ˲
οҶж⣬ҶܹԸоΪŸõҲҪԼʵ
Ϣһ֮ƨƨߵһţ⵶ȥڵϵߣΪ罫޺ȡ
꼫ֵӣ˷׷һĽӱӵı顣
Ψͯ糿ɫȻûκβ·һжԼ޹һĮıóˡ
һжΪܲһӣƫƫͯ糿ٴɫԱ˶ǳãΨһ䲻ȵӣֲңͻ˶
ţ
׼εʱ쳤ͻȻһĸо˸ˣҴϢϿӦԪɵϡ
ǰ֮ǰйһܣԶϢУԲϴġ
ͬʱǰϴԪɵĹƵҲ˸Сɽг֮һ˷·𶷰ܵĹһͷɥ׼Ȼ˵
⸽ϱӦһϤϢԭΪԼŵĸǰӦģܿͲ˲ԡ
һϢǳУͬϢϴһս˵Сһֱڻһһسӡ
˫ӦԷϢ֮󣬶ѡͣ




952 ݱ¶
ԪǰһأƺһھӢӺܿŵˡ
Ԫɵˣ
һ˾ȻԼŵӶͷԪɵˣɵһ䱸
ϾԼⷽ٣Է˶࣬ĻԼⷽδռˣȻȫ䱸ŵĵȴϣ
죬û뵽ɽתˮתּˡ
ּˣأ
˿壬Է˶࣬Ҳƣǰһؿǰʵ
ô
ǰЦһ˵ͻȻоקԼ·ʱһ㶣ʣµĻҲˡ
ǰͷһקԼ·ĺȻǹƣͱһаǹ˼ԱߣһƳȥ
ʲô
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Ϊղںŵ˳ʱȻŵоȻҶڡ
ȻûۼҶȴͨתʵҶӣҶҹһԪӥ¼ӡ󣬾Բϴ
ԭΪҶֲıը֮±ɣû뵽Ȼ硣
ƼʹԼ۾ԼˣǰһȴԼûп
ԻʱĻҪ¸ǰһ˵ˡ
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˼ĭȶһȻǰ·˵
ԪɾӢǺһƣ֪ƺ«ʲôҩ
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ǰŪˣһ֤˵Ƿʵ
ĵ䷢ĵ˵Լ˵ʵൣ
Ƶ󣬵ȴҲܹΧʦֵҲǳͣ˵Ǽֱ޻ҪϡС
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ǰ֪ʵ̫ҪˣԲ©
һ֪ҶǴһģȻǾһ֪һֱܣ
ЩӢȻҲֺοԷǺԪǵж̬ţȻöԷ֪ܡ
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û˵ͯ糿㿪˵ŵŵӣ֪ǰʲô𣿡
ҶΪŵİģȻ֪ǰƻϺ꾿ҪʲôȽʵ˱ȽϺãЦŵ˹ǿ
ţ
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ɶŮʶ֪ŵ飬Ų˵˵һҲˣΪʲôάһʶˣ
һ˲䣬ǰãпѾ֪ҶĻΪһ磬˫飬˭ҲһǱ硣
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һ㲻ǰģȻ˵ŵĵӣѵΪһ˵𣿡
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СŮޣϷû˵ѣֻмϷҪǡ
ǰɫӥһҶӹ·͸һ㡣
ŽĿתƵϣŵɱԪɵŵӣԪҪõͽˣϷҪãŷ䣬ϣǽϵķϣϷͷŹǣĻߣ
ǰһλǰžǣ˵ǽǾͽˣſʲôˣƫˣô
ͯ糿ǳǿƣǰıҲǰڹҶɶӵܣȴ֪һԪɵĳΪʲôƫƫһûдﵽԪСʿΪѡ
ȻҪҶģȻͰ˽ȥο⻹ϵŵ⣬ǲЭ

ǰЦЦϣɫһǰһսӿϢȻøֲ
˵ʲô˵һΣ
ǰвĿ⿴ͯ糿ɭɭ˵·ͯ糿ٸ˵һ䲻ˣҪһ
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һ˫սǰܳϵֵ֮⣬ԼⷽԲԪ˵Ķ֡
һ֣Լ϶ΪԪɴصĿ꣬ɲΪһҶԼʹǰ̡
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ŵʿҲ׷ͬ⣬ó˵еҶֻǰ·µһ˶ѣŲûʲôԨԴֵΪԪɿս
ֺοڵʵ⣬žԲռˣԪĳޣҲΪһոսʶ˶ȥðգⲻֵá
糿㿴
쳤Ҳͯ糿Ҳ֪ǰϴȻԼһУ˫ʵʵ޼ԼҲûбʤİա
ֺοԼԶûԪɵ˶࣬£ֻܲǲΪ
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˭Ҳ˵ˣ˵ǲⲻǽ˵⣬ϵŵӣҾЭ
ͯ糿һҪҶ
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ǰɭŭⰻȻսⱬ
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953 

ͯ糿նһ޾塣
СŮޣǳˣ
ǰսʢɭ˵Ȼ˵ĲʶʱǾͱϷˣ

£ǰ磬ָſһָâץҶ׼Ӳ
Ҷ̫Ҫˣϵһص磬Բ䵽˵οǺԪŵж̬ŵҲܽܡ
һŵ֪飬Ԫ̾ͻһǿľ֣ɲҪĽ
οһ˫Ϊ˵Ȼᱻ֪һ壬ǱǼɵӴˮæһˡ
ֺο˫ͻԹȻδģսСģĦʹûмϹ
ͯ糿ŵڣ޷Ҷ°ߵĻҲҪͯ糿ˣҶŵŻʽ׵ġ
Ҷ
ҲŭˣԼǰˣǰȫû
Ҫ˵˫ŽⲻìܣͳԼһ㣬;Բóѡ
ৣ
һΣҶǰ˫âХǰָ
䡭
һ죬ϳһĨ죬ȴӲѹȥ
ǰһʱ⣬û뵽ΪСҶֱº֣˰˺üɫѪɫʾЩһѪӿҲһݽɫһҧѪ˻ȥ
ɱ
˫һ֣ǴսĺŽǣ˫ҲԳ֣һͯ糿һûԼҶõˮ©ԪɵľӢҲֻͽκΣʹĽ֮С
οгһѪɫǹ˫֣ܿ㽫ֳݲеһƬǽ塣
ԪһȭҵԪֲɱĹľٴ촷ۡ
ɵһǹ̳ҵǹâֱӽһʮ׵ʯһȭͷ͸
ৣ
ǰתطѹƣԼսӵ£˫һ꣬һͣУһƬ⣬˹

ҲʾֱһſڣһƬϼ⣬ϼһɫС˲ŴɽһԷѹȥ⡣
ߣ
ǰһӵɫĶϣһɣֱָ죬˫˲սһ
䣡
һɫĶջأһ㣬һ󴸣÷糵һ㣬һƬ⡣
˴ӵ򵽿Уϵת죬νֽţʱ˭Ҳκβ˭
սҲ˰Ȼ״̬Ԫɵ˶һɾһҪҶ֡
ͯ糿ǼΪ˱ͯ糿òͶƴҪôΪţΪԼŵϣҪôΪڳǰԼҲ׷׳ȫ
һսʮּңƾˣ޶ˡ޶ǻ۵ģΣűֱܵ
Ƕߵս׹ȥŰ׷ƵС

ݺᣬǹâգ˫ĵӺͳ϶ƴսš
ҶֻܹսһδߣȬﵽ۷״̬ҲԪɵЩӢǵĶ֣
һʱ䣬ŵĵƣеսҲݱĽš
ȻʵԭӦʤǰ޼ȴΪ֮ǰ˫ͷɵʱķ˴Ԫսδһ
һʼʱܹűǰսƽ֣ʱһȥЩԲˡ
ؾ˫ԭĲͺС˵ûв࣬൱֮ǰ˴Ԫǰûʲôģ˳£·硣
ﵽ־磬սƴʵҲƴԺƣضпܳΪʤĹؼ
̶ֳȵսһһ·磬û£Ҫؾ漸ǲܵģԷԲκλᡣ
ɣ㲻ҵĶֻ֣Ҫ䣬ҿͷҿԿһֻϵΪˣ
ǰ·ʤȯգ̫˽ˣĸ似ҲָƣڿԼѾռ˾ԵϷ磬Цϴ졣
ƨӾսҲ䣬㱾ӵ°ܽԪĵĻֱ·
컢Ȼ·磬ȴ˿䣬һ仰ǰռԼԪصĹ⣬ͲԼĶ֡
٣Ҿ·
Դˣǰ֮Աǣмӽ˹ƣҪڶʱڽȻȥҶߡ
Ȼ·磬Ͼʥ̥ǿߣƳǰҪʱڽҲǲܵġ

˫ڿչ˼ҵսǰһͣϼɳĵâŸѿռ죬§ͷǶ񹥡
ȻٷһɫĴҲܲ͸磬ඦˣǰҪƿķҲһ׵顣
ټżӻһ£ǽǰһæҡ
ǰ֪ԼطѹƵǲѹ̫õģһطʧȥЧôȴԼĿ½Ǽ䱯ҵĽ鷢
ǣǰǼӽ˹ȣԼʧȥ֮ǰ쳹¡
ϣҶһҲɤۡ
Ҷµ࣬ԪɵĵϳԼҪԼĿе֪ӡĿռͨ顣
һԪɵУ³ʲô
ǰƣ׶༪ˣΪŵĵӸסԪɵľӢǣ˺սҲܺܿͻǵķߡ
Σͷͯ糿ͻȻһܳϣӽ
˵ţͯ糿ȻԼǱ͸ˮһıڿдսŵ죬һ˿עԪһ˿˲˿Ӳ
飡
ԭѾ·磬ʱһ񣬺ݺһǰĵһ̣У˲˸⼤һԪСУǰȥ
һʥ̥ļƷŴģԼඦƷ׻ߣڴɱһ֡


һ֣ʱһвҪתۼ㷴Ϊʤư˻ѹǰ
ǰ˹ȥ
ԭΪʤȯգû뵽ȻҸôӡ
һʼΪˣѹƵ޷ѹˣ˽ѵľء
ʥ̥ļƷ֣·˼Ѫһ㣬ս£һǰˡ
ȻϿֻƤˣ㲻ʲôʵԪ֣ټ֮ǰǿѹµƱǰ˲ˣأ׹ȥ
һ绢Ⱥһ㣬һâԪɵľӢȫˡ
⻹Ľ
˫ŵĴƴ뽫ǰȫˣ
ۡ
ǰڵϣٴһѪѾսĺܳףûа㷭̵ϣˡ
Ųӣٸǣ´ξģ
콣ָǰˣǿǹɳɱ⣬ŭȵ
ৡ
ǰбҲ֪Եµƣܰؾ棬ֻȡ裬ӵĲ£Ǻ뿪ˡ
~
Ҷһͬʱиӳ˽ȸУ
뾡ʵ򣬸޷㣡




954 ʵΪ
ǰӲҶ˭֪һʱ⣬лˡ
ѹƣòռϷ磬ۿҪӮˣŵŮͯ糿ڹؼʱͽıյĽ
һУǰ
û꣡
ǰݣΪҶΪһ磬Ǻų˺ҲϧȥԺһҪŻ㱨¡
Ϊ㣬ɥǣΪĻҲԪɴһˣ治֪СӾôԪɽӵġ
Ԫɵ뿪֮һԹҶΪҶһǣ˭Ǳ߾ͻ˭ֶ
ղŵĴսΪʵã䣬ֱԴأǽ˼Ĵͷ۾׺Ϸˡ
ҲأԲԹ죬ΪΪҶĻԼҲڰᡣ
һжǰҶͣ˵ȻҶʲôӡ
ʦ֮Ϊһûʲôǰ;ķԪɴ֣ǼˣҲֵ̫ˡ
һ棬׿ȺĳҲ˵ҶĿг˲εͱӡ
ΪסôһղԼͱԪɵ˸˵ˣԼʵǿһսԼΣˡ
ң쳤ϽԪɵĳǰܣһԪɵ˵ʤ³ֱ
Ԫɵ˿ɲô˵ģԼЩлŵŮͯ糿һͯ糿ƣ͵ǼӵĿţԪɵǰ벻
硢½ǹˣ
ͯ糿ɫһѵǶʲôⲻǽҶ飬ǹغŵϡͷɶϣѪϲʧ
ǽȥĻ͵ǱسŲԪɣԪɷûУһ´ȥ½Ҳ̧ͷ˶Цǣ
ͯ糿ⷬϣʱ˵ó½ڨڨĨűվһԣ˵ʲôˡ
ҶԹۣ֪ͺ½˾һģҶԼɼҲǾ˵ˣϲŭɫܹġ
ҶЩͯ糿ΪΪ鷳ˣһοҶǧҪ𣬲Ҫκ֪𣿼㲻Ϊ㣬ҲԪսһģԹûϵ
ҶмĵͷԿóͯ糿ĵƣȷĵİοԼ֪ҶʱиľͲʲôΪԼ֮Ļƴ¡
ʱҶǣԪ˵ı֣ǴɽģܹжϳЩ˱ȻȥѰǰĿռͨġ
һͷɥӣȻûҵӡĿռͨһҶĵһ
ԪִҪԼ֪ԼѾ¶ԺСģ
һսһЩǿ޻ᱻԲҾԪɵ֮㶽뿪
Ҳ֪ղĴսЩʵǿޣһʵǿΧĻ롣
һսҲкôЩʵСޱԶԶض㿪ˣһֱ߳ɭ֣ȻҲûһͷԪޣ벽Ԫ޶ûС
ɭ֣ǰȻʣԶȺɽ࣬ձϴȵӴûκιҵȾ
Ҷһԣ·ĺë׶ſһ
ˣѾɭ֣ҵطϢһ£˵ץʱˣҶ
վ쳤Ҳ֪ǿи·Ļ˵ĵһָǵƵģһʲôĻҽΣǾʱϢƬ̡
ǣԭϢ˵ץʱˣʲô֢
漴콫ҶеһԣѯʵҶǷĻɱԪɵŵӣô£ϸģ
£Ҷ۾
Ȼˣ
Ҷ֪ģͱһ˵ǡ
ΣԼԵ¶ҪΪԼİȫҪΪ˵İȫԲø֪Ĵڣ
ǵģɱǵŵӣϸġ
ҶͱõĻѻԭԭ˵һ飬Ϊɱһͷޣȡ޺˵ʱ򣬱Ԫɵŵӷ֣ԪɵҪ޺ˣҪɱڣֻ֮÷
Ԫŵĵʵãɱˡ
ⷬ˵ǵˮ©Ҷ˷ãÿһϸڶڣԲ¶

ԣеǵȻ޴档
Ҳ뵽Ҷһ磡
οҶĻǰĻǰӦ淢ԵʵǱġ
ʵͬʿв
üоһҶܹնɱԪɵŵӣһսһͷ֮£û׼һɶõţ
ϣԪץ²ţҪô죿ѵҪΪ׺Ԫ˺Ƥսɣ
찵ͬʱӲԶʵ
ҶȻһͷ֮ܽԪŵնɱѹͲš
ҲȥҶĻҲ֪ԪɵŵӾʲôʵҲҶ˵Ҳδ֪
ĵŻ᲻ΪһҶԪɳ˺һ˺ô֮Ĵս㲻ɱҪˡ
ԣ翴ҶĿЩƣǹ˼ͯ糿ҳҲûзͽҶȥˡ
˺˺ǺԪһսսʲôѵǻԪɲɣ
û˵ͯ糿߹ֱų磬˵
ĿȻǸŮüһηı飬óһΡ

һƣȴû˵ʲôͯ糿ǰκûзȵӡ
ˣҶȥϢɣҶҲȥϢɣץʱˣ˭Ҳϱţϰɡ
ҪϽһ֣ɢȥϢʱȲˣһеȻص֮˵
ҶĬĬһ˶Զĵط׼ת˵ʱͻȻʶж˵СӣȻСŮĳãΪ壬ǲ֪Ԫɵ塣Ԫɿ϶ǰ㡣ʱŮޱ㣬Ϊ˹ȫ֣Ҳύ㣡
ô죿
ҶҲ뵽һ㣬ͨѯϣνһĨڣû뵽ΣһʱЩ˷硣
ϳĬһΨһĽ취ǣҪŲԵʱչֳʵǱӣܵõǵıӻ
ҶĬˣ֪˵Ķʵ磬ʵΪһжҪʵ˵




955 Ľ
½ԪݵһĶ츣ɽϣɽžɽɽ¡
½Ԫݳɽ֮⣬ĸأɽ֮һ
ɽһſڴϵľ޴Ϲ꣬Բ֮ҲΪɽ
ɽϷΪźţžھɽŲԶİɽгƬĽŵĵط
ÿ꣬ű㿪ɽţһЩʵĵӽţŵӶŵΪ͵ġ
κһŶһŵӶǴŵѡѡγġ
½ʵ̫ˣһѰʿ÷зʮ궼δܽɱ顣
½ʤԪϺŵĴŽű֮һ
ˣÿκһŹ㿪ɽͽʱǰμŲԵ궼ܶࡣ
Ҷͯ糿һصŵʱŵɽѾۼǧ꣬ʮ꣬С߰ĺͯ
ЩȻ䲻󣬵ȴŲ׵ΪҲǰμŲˡ
ɽ֮⣬ܶͷɽлŵڲϵĽЩǰμŲԵɽ֮С
ɽ֮дķᣬԹЩϢ֮ãȻˣͲҹάˡ
ԶԶأЩǰԵǾͿҶ˽ɽ֮⣬׷ÿһ·
ȻǶɵˣݲס
ף˭ôûŵıǣ
ۼ⣬һ۱㷢ȺеҶ˵·϶ŵıǡһֻϵ꣬Ҷ·ʲôҲûС
ৣ
һ˵ĿⶼҶϾ۽ô˫۾ע£ûоģ
½ͳҲһϷʵؿҶſҶ
Ȼ
Ҷıʧˡ
ǳ򾲣ûһִٵı֣ûЩһۡ
ţ
֣óͺ½΢΢һ
ǣͯ糿ҲЩȡ
ΪŵŮȻǴСܵĿѾϰˣҶһûʲôˣȻҲֵܱȻеʮ֡
Ǽ񵽱˰ɣ
ͯ糿а˼⣬ܹô˵ע»ܱ侲ͨġ
Ĵ£˺ܿʹɽţɽʱ򣬳ͯ糿ʵͯʦã㲻ֱӽɽŰɣô˿أӰɲá
ͯ糿ĴֱӽҶɽţܲԵģʱôһ˵ҲЩʣⲻſ
ͯ糿ҶǸȻһЦҶɣ㻹ǸһɽŽܲ԰ɣñ˵˽ס
ãл
ҶͷҲֱ֪ӽԼȥĻƾͯ糿ܹģֻĻ˵ģӰ첻á
ţǻʳģһμӲԣʱ䣬Ҳ˹ˣȡڲһõı֡
ͯ糿οҶһһȥҶЩǰμŲԵһ
һ˭ѽȻʶŵǧͯ糿ӣǸǳ
ǣҪʶͯӵĻòֱӾܽŰɣ
㣿ɣˣʵĵĲԣͨԣ˵ɣţ벻Ҫ룬ǸͲܴﵽġ
ҶЩǰμӲԵ˷׷ΧҶָָ㡣
ϧ̫ˣѾõʱΣȻʶŵǧҲûãѾûʲôǱͿռˡ
ǣʮˣЩʮһμӲԣҲӶˡ
ȻҶ䳰ȷﻹΪʵģ޲ʶǧͯӵԼźá
ʲôȡʸ񣬴źöӣν룬ÿ˶зķ䣬Ϣһܲԡ
ŵӺٻһͨв֮ǰμӲԵǶʱʵ
Ͼ˵صĿģţţлţóͷأҪԵʸ񶼱ȡĻһǰˣ
ЩɽźȻֵ˷䣬̫˷ܣԸ˯Ⱥš
Ҷûб䷿䣬ҲҪκεطֻҪܹһģֻҪһĻϣ˴ŵ
ǣھһ۲֮Ҷٵĵطȥϣܹһĵط˹ˣƻûгȬ
ϧԸΥЩǷ·𲻴Ͳһ󲻶ϵš
˵һﵽʲôʺˣȻܹʶͯӣԴ߽ɽţ
֪أͯ糿ĹϵôãҲһܲˣֱƸ¼ȡˡ
ߣԽСǱĿռԽѾô˲μӲԣͨҲǷһһӲ̫ռˣҵһԷĵطѡ
˵仰һʮ꣬츳ѣϵƣҶĴ
ôˣʵʵڼҸֵضãμӲԸʲôǸҡ
һЩҶ۷׷ף֮ж¶Ҷʶͯ糿ĽʺޣͬʱҶʮڶġ
ЩĻҶ΢΢һЦûзϣһƧĵطֱϥתˣ֮ھвϵߣѩԳ˵ĵط𽥵Ļָš
ЩÿϢʱҶץһʱ˹ˣԣƻָĺܿ졣
پһҹ¾ܹȫʵҲָܻ۷״̬
Ҫʵָ۷״̬Ϊ˵ˣŲԵʱԼҪչʾǷʵǱܵõŵȫӻ
ԴΪȻԲŲϧһдۣһҪڲ֮ǰָ۷״̬У
磬û˷Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ֻҪʱˣԪȵŨˡ
Ϊ֮һԪطŨɫոҹһ㵭ɫԪͬһɽƣԽԪԽŨ
ŨԪ֮ڵʯٶȣҶ׳֮Уë׷׷ſ˿˿ƵԪ˳ë׽Уϴ
һ߻ָƣһ߽ΪŵӲ׼




956 ǰϦ
Ϊ󸣵֮һԪռõԴݱأ滨ޣӭͣɺ裬Գңɾһ㡣
Ԫɳǰ¾Ӣ飬ǵûҵͨĿռͨһԼͷŵĳˣջ
Ҳ֪Ҷ̫Ҫˣصɽ֮˹˶˲ϣֱԪסСɽ壬ԪŽл㱨
ֻץסСӣ֪еèˣ
ԪŻȻվռͨȻĪʧˣôܣǰ˵Ʋѡ
ȻҶܹ磬ô˵ռͨʵڵģֻҲ˶ѡ
ֻҪҶץţһܹҶеõռͨϢ
ϣˣúˣȥҪˣҾͲţͯСӸҲˣ
Ϊ˵ΪսԴ˲ŵľ޴أԪžȥȥҪˣ
ۺʵԪҪǿţԪ˿Ż᲻ˡ

ͬʱ
ͯ糿˻صź󣬱ֱҵͯƣͯƻ㱨йҶ顣
֮ͯ󣬳˰죬ʵ˼أǽ˻Ǳ
ҡͷЦţ±⣬ûʲôȨģϾ¹ϵ½Ԫݵĸ֣ҲϵŵİΣǣһȫ飬಻
ͯҲ֪˵ģ˺ܾã˵ɣԪִҪǽ˵ĻͽɣĿǰǵʵԺԪӲƴĻǱȻԪˡòʧΪһûʲôռͨʿֵá
ûҲ˼֮ǰɱһɱǵĻСˡ
Ҳͷͬŵľϣŵ״ǶۺʵϲԪɡ
ŵһǺӿֳһʵǿǱʿ
ֻҪЩܹ˳ĳɳŶᳬԽԪɣǸʱٱҲ
ʵõʱ躹ޣǱצǱҪģʱܹԺüͯƻǻġ
Ͱһ°ɣ֮ԪҪ˵ĻȲҪӦҪˣҲóѵ̫˳ˣŵ𣡡
ܹͯλãĻǸǼģҼȨıܹһпõԴΪԼ
õģȥţ
ͷתȥ뵽ʲôתͯ˵ţһҪȥ졣
Ŷʲô£
ͯƸ׼ط䣬վסˣɻؿ졣
糿ҪСӣҲˣǲŻɽкǰǴһҪ˽ȥĻ᲻Ը⡣
Ҳϳɾ֮ȰƳȥԼκΣĽΣԼժɾˡ
ðɣ糿Ǳȥ˵ȥæɣͯƿЦ
ţŵӣ̫ϳϣܰƽΩЩԼıŮûޣȥ˵ͯ糿ҶȥЩͷƤ
ҹˮ¶մ£
ǰμŵӲԵ𣬷׷׵ȥˣһƬž֮С
Ҷͬ
ҹʱҶǿ֮£תڽϵȫ棬ȡ
ٿȻҶſ˫ۣ·һ㣬˫գһ΢ѪӿѪҺ̬ͨ͸
֮£ҶԼˮһ͸ͣĽɫ
ƾʵЩȻԾûͻƵ۷壬ҲԶӣ
ŲˣԼķɽ߶Ҷɵأʹðȭ
Ҷѯϡ
ָӣϬƥԶ빥͵Ϯѡ£ǧ֮ȡ׼̽ȡ
ȭ񱩣˫ܹ޶ȵķӳǿĹӵԵЧ
ͰȭǧȡᣬҶѵѡУܾһҪѡһĻȴв֪ѡˡ
ҶΪѵʱϿˣðȭɣϾȭڵϵõܹĹ似ɽ̫ˣһϳ»𲻱Ҫ鷳ԣɽΪһɱﵻԣҪǰʹãһʹþͱҪԷնɱֻ˲ŻԶܵġ
ϵⷬҶ¶˾ģȻɽǰʹãǾûʲôѡˣΨðȭԡ
Сӣȭܹκһ似ǿ似ʽȭ¡㲢ûȫڻͨŻʱ䣬ٲһû׼벻ջʵһ¥
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ȭעУΪܹ֮ͨһ˿عȭͷϣӳ˼
ԭȭµľ
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ص֮󣬺½ԽԽޣƾʲôӰϼһ˾ܼţҲС
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Ԫ˲ȭͷ棬Ѫںϣγһصĵƣɢſµ
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960 ŵӲ 
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ԭվʯԱߵǸ곤Ҳɵˣ˵ҶѾͨ˲ԣȥǱ߱Ǽˡ

ֳһƬһļžϢ·
ⲻܣԲܣ
һעطȵĳһĳ鴤ţĿ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
½ҲɵˣȶɸһĿв𾪣ǿ־塣
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뵽ԼôǰڮҶ½;Լð磬ͬʱҲӼᶨҪҶϳŵľġ
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ޱȼѵתͷ½ͯһϲı飬˲ˣţֻҪץ˭Ը֣
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ңӹ񣬴ţʯûвμŲԵܹʯӡǵġ
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ǽ죬Ҷһľϲڵľ磬ֱԪĹ
ңǵһڲʯӡǵŵӡ
٣ݹ츳ԿͯƸı⣡
ϾҶûκϵͳ¶ܴﵽֺ˵ľ磬һϵͳָ츳ǱȻ΢һ㣬ĳɾܹﵽʲô̶ȣֻ֪ˡ
뵽ͯ糿бؿۿһ³磬ɷϣҲһţҶǰԵȻ˺ܶࡣ
ֻҪҶʱ䣬Խ²ʲôѵ顣
ֻҪҶţűȻԪݣ½
뵽ģͯȻҲ뵽ֻҲҶʵˡ
ԭҶûб̫ϣֻǾòԪź׵óѣԲŴȱҶһʵڲеʱٽȥȡ֮ĺƽ
Ȼ
ҶȴһݳĴڵľ磬ֱԪĵӼֱǸ
һǣҲòᡪҶʵʵȲѣ
Ҳû뵽ڵҶȻܹȴԪʿһȭ
һ˲䣬˼ת¾ģΣҲҪҶߣʳռͨ顣
ҶʶĻԪƹܵΪԪɷ
֮ҶʶʱĻռͨʧ֮պ󣬱㽫ҶɱԾ󻼣
ԪɵЩǿɲ֪ʲôһеؿҶ޲ͽֻǰ֪Ҷʵݣڻأû
ֳչ죬ЩԪɵĳϲóȻ˵м϶ֱˡ
ôõӿɲңôȻԪϣһĵȴ󲿷ƽӹû̫ĳɳǱͿռ䡣
ò׼һʻǱ֮ѡˣǵȻϣܹչԼ¡
һǣŵĳҲ˫۷ŹؿҶһ˰˱ӵѿʳһ
ϾֻҪԼسɴЩϻ֪֮ģ֪Լ޷̵ҶΪͽͷ
ֻҪҶţǾԼеһԱԣҲҪҶԲúԼԹ϶ԪߣĻȻŵľС
˼£ЩٿԪɵ˵ƺŨŨĵ⡣
ͯƴʱҲѾˣѹֺǰΪŵӸֵһˣǿҶ츳µӱɱΪڣ˵ġ
ĻԼ͸ܷˣҶ츳ǱĿãĵǧΪĵӺԪɾҲֵõġ
ͯƾˣҲˡ
֮ͯһͺվһľ֪ԪɵŵƳȣǱȷѳΪŵĵӣŽˡΣ




961 ǰ޹
Цһǧ񣬼ȻѾѡţ֣ͯ
ǿŵĻͯҲΪĿǰʹǰҪ˵Ԫɣͯǲܽ˵ġţһԪɵУضһ޴в
˵ʲô
ѹ˺ܾõŭһӱŷؿͯƣЦͯƣѵҪΪ˱Сӣϧɳ׾𣿡
ȻĿǣвζ˶Ҫѹˡ
ѷԪһϧսҲҪҶУϵ̫ˣɵȫԸ
Ȼ֪ѷԪһͯƱֵԾɷǳǿƣһЦɣ˵ţΪ˽Ҷ飬ս
ԣλŻãΪһССҶ˼Ҫ¶첲ӿ
ͯƺʱԼԲֵܱ˿ΨӲס
һҶ츳ĶѣѾҪţκ˶ԼнҶҪߡ
ԪźôǿߴԼɽ£ΪŵţȻʾȥźԼһ޴Ĵ
ңŵӸе裬ɥʧҲǰμŲԵǾԼűԪɣŵĳ÷չ
ԭڣΣҶˣ
ߣ
ͯҪҶʱ߳ŭҲ֪ͯƺԼʵֲ٣ҪдҶǲܵġ
ŭ֮£׹һҧһҶȥ
һ̣ɱҪɱҶ
ֻҪҶɱôԾֻԼԪ֪ȻռͨڣŶ໨ʱȥңһܹҵġ
ʱԾԼԪɵĺ԰սԴ˲ŵĻأ½ָտɴ
ҶŵĻһҶ֪ռͨڵص㣬͸¶ŵĻŵʵƵҲǼʱ䡣
һŵĴ󷽣½ؽͳһˣǸʱԪɿ¾ͻ֮
һ죬ʥ̥ʿʵǿСģ
δǹɾѾȫҶˣһ˲䣬Ҷ·һɽԼײ޷͵ֿɫʱһƬɷס
ֱʱףԼʵڵ˵ѾǵһĶˣǵ磬֮;ԱûУ
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ͯһӵҶǰǿһӭȥ
ȻҪסҶȻҶС
䣡
һ죬˽ΧѾ˵ĺԶʿƷˣܶ˵ڶѪ˿
̶ֳȵĴսͲܹսģԶзػҲһƬ
ҵȥ򣬲ҪЩ޹Сǣ
˵꣬ͯӰεض˲䵽˰УһҲԾϸ߿գڿпٵײһײһ㣬貵Ĺâ
ͬʱԪɵĳҲ׷׳֣ŵĳǵõͯƵʾ⣬׷ӭǰȥ
˫Ԫݺᣬַڿн֯ɹͼ
һâԶһɽ˲䱻ˣŴ㳡ϿգŵǿչһģǰĴս
ŵҲûвֵʸĴսȥҲѣûκô
Ͼŵĵϣźܶ೤ϲûг֣·ֲһ󷨣ôսеǿ˵·ˡ
ţŵӻŵӣҶиĸӣ˵Ľ
ܹΪһͨŵӴ֣½ûĵĵһΡ
ʣ۽ΣӽҶؽΪһ˵ܹŵΪһ˴֣ŵǿ߶սˣֳɾͣ˵ߣǰ޹ˣ
һ£ЩǰμӲԵ궼޲ԼҶźãܹΪԼ֣Ƕô
Ȼ
Ҷԣҫûκ壡
ֻȥ
ΨлţܼǿӶȻͨ
ЩĽʵʱϿյս뵽˰Ȼ״̬˫չɱв
ݺᣬѲ񷣬ǹâգӡ¯֮ƷҲ׷࣬մһࡣ
˫ʵ޼Ȼ֣ȴûԱȻֵĳսҶſ۽硣
Щ˵ʿеĳϸ𷢷һöССĵҩ£Ȼԭˡ
˵ʥҩڣЩԭҲֻǱˣƲأֻǿֲѡ
ܿ죬Щ˱㸴ԭ׷йս
ʱһˣɢŶĿĽ⣬ͷǰźͯƺݺݵײȥ
ͯҲʾ߶һͭ¯ݺݵײȥͬʱ˳֣չڿдѷѽ⡣
䡭
һ죬˺¯ײһ𣬷졣۵Ĺâϵ̫Ȼʧɫ
ûκˣԻصԼ˵ͷ֮ϣһƬɹԣС
˿νֽţ˭Ҳκβ˭Ҳܾ˵Ľ
˫ĳǣȻ֣ɶʱҪֳʤߵҲǲܵģȻʵѷԪһϾԼսռŵ˫ôʱҲֻܴƽ֡
˫ףȥȻܾ˵ĽԼͬͣˡ
Ȼͣսˣ˫ԾûԵŶ۷ŶԷͻȻ͵Ϯ
п಻ԼȻеľӢϼȫˣϾҪһǿģԼ㳲ٱһԼų˺·ǸʱԼҲǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
ˣͯƲϧһдҲҪסҶľ£ռ˿ıˡ
ٴȥһ˫ܾ˵ĻһԻһűȻ룬һٽԼͯƵȫ¡
ǸʱԼҲӴˮһˣŶزסɲҪĽ
վڸ߿֮ϣŭҶе鶼Ϊģ޲̽¡
ΣڸֻŭҶвСӣÿϴüұ֤˺ܾã
ɱңҸߣԴˮ𣿣
ҶηӭϺĿ⣬̵




962 ʶ

ҶĻ㳡ڽԻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻҶһʥ̥˵Ļ
Ҫ֪½ʵΪǿʵһй򣬺ɨһС
ǵļУûйκһʿһʥ̥ǿߵ
ˣǷˡ
ʲôһԪСʿȻ˳ײΪʥ̥ţ
̫ˣҵСĸϣʵܲĳ
˶ˣһʱ˭ҲûзӦĿҶͺˡ
Ⱥһ˽ΪҪôԼˣҪôҶˡ
ͯΪҲܶһʥ̥ǿ񣬸οԷһǧȨţ
ЩʿҶǷǳģΪԼ顣
Ȩ
Ӳˬ㡣ֻͷǵԺһ˭Ҳ˵
Ǻǡ
ŵĳƬ̣漴һЦҶ仰ֱ̫ˡ
ôŶԪɴûռˣһոսŵĵӾȻʾԪɵţʱüĸо
Ԫɵĳһ̣࣬һӴŵţȻһСʿԴˮˣֱǿ벻̡
Ȼ
ŭŭǲδʲô
Ϊ֪űţڣû˿˵Ҷ
˵úãСӣ֣
곤صһҶļͷ۾Цһߣֱ̫Ľˡ
СӾҵԪţֱ
Цʥ̥ǿߺԪ֮жĲ࣬ԼնɱҶ˵Ѵ֮
ʥ̥ǿɱԪʿͬǲѴ֮ʥ̥Ϻ;֮ĲһһĴ
⡭
ͯ糿˷֮࣬ҲΪҶеġû뵽Ҷҵ泰ͬҲ֪һĺ֮ˣ覴ñر
һҶĴǣԪɹ˼ɵĻƴҲһºֵġ

ͯ˰죬ʵû뵽ҶȻԺǿѹԾܹ˱֡
˲ţֱ̫ѵˣҶǾ仰ֱ֮ʣ̫ˣһֱһӻʱеޱȵ泩Լ˺гɾ͸С
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ȶ۶Ҷ˵ãããţ¿˱ƣ
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ź˿ٱСӰҶɲðģȥɽѰҿռͨ
һҵռͨƿӡĻĩҲ͵ˡ
·ӦҶĵģʶ˵İɣԸղǸ˵ʵҪֱӡĿռͨڳ˵ΣԷֲˣԣռͨʱû¡
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ǵģǿҪǿ
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ߺ㳡ѡ˶ݵļž˵Ŀⶼһ̹ȻҶϡ
ǴҶɫпκνźͿ־壬еֻƽ̹Ȼ·ղŵĻ˵һ
һˣԪţԶŲȥˣԪɾԲŹģ
ûô˵ҲһţҲԪĶǿ֮һ裿
ˣֻʱ⣬һ뿪ŵΧԪɱȻɱֵġ
˶ΪҶ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻһŵţֱĨӡѰ·
Сӣ군ˣǸϽӰɣҪţǸһߵĻᡣ½ǰЦ˵
û˹֪֮ѾĻˣ㲻ʼն֮ڰɣ
ҿ㻹Ǿ뿪ŰɣҲͷȵǹʺ㣬ƾĿǰʵƫԶƧСûģɣӣ
½ĻŵҲҶȰǶǳʵ߹ȻҪԼ˵
˵ķ𣿸˻ȥ
곤ɫһҶͦƢθģʵǿᣬĵϳȥĻղͯҲðŴƴΣպԪҲҪסҶˡ
½˾ȻȰ˵Ҷ뿪ջѡ
½˸ӣֻûˡ
ߵʱ򣬺½óԹĿݺݵɨҶһۡ
Ҷ̱ܵ˺½ŨŨĵ⣬漴Ҳ½ȥüͷ΢΢һĿú½һоЩľ
ô
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ɸղҶеɱȴ׹ߵĸоɱֻھ֮ĥŻγɣһ˲ӵС
Ҷʲôôɱ
½ȻˣɱʲôãʵҪģ
Ҷ˿̸֣ԲĶ֣
Ȼ½Ҳ֪Ҷı֣űȻܵӣԼҪ˽Ҳûôס
ͺ½˱ͬ뷨˲Ͼһʥ̥ǿϵ飬һ˾ҲԲ
Ҷ̫ˣ˶ﲻһʥ̥ǿߣһԪݵĺ
Щ˿ҶĿǿһˣǿҶԱɣҲסϾŲܱһˣҲԶŲȥ
һԴˮˣСӣϷϲԸϷɣ
ΪҶɵʱͻȻһˬʵЦ
ţ
Ŵӵӵϣͯƶһ㵣
Ϊ
˵֮ŵĴϣʵɲ⣬֮ͯϣ
ͨϸղŵĻǶһʵҶõ˴ϵʶ




963 Ψһ
Ҷõɴϵʶ
ǰμŲԵǳˡ
ԭǵ뷨ͳһΪҶԪ֮һԪɣӡ
ϾһŵţһССڵСʿܹƵģ
οҶĻѾˣǴζκҲԲŹġ
Ȼ
ΪҶѾǱɵʱŴϾȻ棬ʾ˶Ҷ͡
ȫǵԤϣ
ǺϸոǾ仰˼ȻҶȥǾζŴҪҶпܽҶΪӡ
ЩʿһĽʺޡ
ǣҲͷһ͵ؿŴʧķ򣬼ֱһжġ
һΣһΣεºܣȻܹõϵⲻܣ
֮࣬૵˵ĲܽܣҶոţô˲õϵ
Ҫ֪ݳȻţλŶҪߡ
ҸҪǣϴӲͽǹϵģǿûпڣȴҶеܲˡ
磬ʲô˼ҿ֪ϴӲͽ㣬϶ûͽ˼ѵ˵Ҫأʽͽɣ
½ĺĺ統ҲݴΪʦҲûԸϸû
Ŷ֪˵ˣеǿĺĵҲûʸϵķۡ
񣬴ϸղŵһҪҶΪͽģôе𾪺Ͳޣ
ƾʲôƾʲô
ҶûʸݴΪʦһССڵСʿ仹ѾƫˣΪʲôܹõϵĴࣿ
вޣ沿ⶼЩŤˡ
Ҷ磬ϲ㣬ȻܹӮôϵϲԺǰ;δ
ͯ糿ҲòᣬܿعǰҶأͬʱҲԼľִ⽫Ҷš
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£ҶתͯƺŵĳǱȭϹҶллźǰղŵľ֮ʱĻѾѪ岽ʬڴˡ
ͯЦеĿҶԽԽԼŮļһһıʵǿᣬǱҪǣ˶Щûʲôİꡣ
ЩʿΪʵˣٶЩ񣬲һ
ʵϣʮﵽڵĴڣ֮ܳΪţֻЩȻʵôԸȴ
ܹҶǿʵ;˵Ǳ˶ˣĲ
ӻ֣ͯ˵񣬼ȻѾͨ˲ԣѾŵĵӣԼŵĵŵΣ岻ݴǡ
˵꣬ͯ´һҶŵʵɲ⣬ӲͽղŶ̬ȣҲҳΪĵһҲδ֪ҳΪϵĵӣһҪŬɹ
ûдϵҲŬġûʵ޷½㣬涼⡣
ҶͷػӦ˵൱ֱףȴûκνǷĵʵ
ͯưͷҶ˵ûʵΪ磬ʲôʲôɣʲô¶һ˵׼ΨʵӲ
ÿһʿҪŬԼʵֻʵˣܱ֤档
ţгͷصϣ
ˣȻѾͨ˲ԣǾȥǼǰɣطڰţǷŵ֪ͨ
ͯȻΪһɵţҲʲô¶һ죬һ˵㣬ԣûн˵ֻһأýҶһҪĻԼҲл˵
Ϊһ˾ͯƺܶе壬Գ鳷֮Ŷĺܡ
ֻҪܹţи֮ҶŻŵǲ⡣Ҳûʲô뷨
ҶҲ֪ŵӵĴȻŵӸãǱȻģҲطʲôźŵˡ
ҶͯƱȭлȻѧǰԼõһ˵ѧһߣѧˢˢ㣬ڱϼȻԱùһһĶҶ
ϣӴ˿ŵһԱˡ
ѧͷҲû̧ؼҶϣȻҶһԵš
ԼУʣЩǰμŲԵʿǣߵʯǰֹʵ
ҶڲʯȭӡǰԵ꣬Ҫ˵ڲʯºۼɫâ޷
Ҳ˵ôˣֻҶһ˴ɫĹâڲʯȭӡ
Ψһһ
ЩҶһͬμӲԵҲĲΪҶռĹˡҶʹ󣬱Ƕ˼꣬ս
һǧʿճɹͨԵ˲һٷ֮ʮ˶ﲻҪɫĹâҲﲻ
һֱʱ֣ǰμӲԵʿȫϣͨȻȸԾûͨԵǴͷɥ
˻ϲ˳㳡ֻ
ŵڿҶĿжĽ־ηΪţ۾磬ҶǿģʵսûĶ֡
ųæתҪַʯҪΪͨʿǰסҪæһЩ¡
Ҷһªķ䣬ֻʮƽңûУԵЩ
иĸɾ˷һֻҳ֮⣬һŴһŵҲûС
ǲϢ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪ôŵ⣬÷ļƻ
ԣȻѾ磬Ȼ˷һһʱ䣬뾡ԼʵС
иһϯ˼Ҳȥ˯ģץһʱŬԼʵ
ϣҶûϽڵģλʵ̫ǿΨּԷʱᱩ¶Լܡ
ڵľô죿
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964 ǱΪ
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ҶԣڲܣҲ桢̣ܳ˿ʧ
ϣҪȥɵĴϣʵŻҪǿ־ô죿룬Ҷͨϣ˵Լĵǡ
ĺˣǸȻЩʵҲԶԣǿȣϣҪ־ڸǲܵġ棬ʲôģҪԼȥӦԲСϻӦ
Ǿͺá
õϵĴ𸴣ҶʱˣֻҪڲᱻԷˡ
ĻԿ˵ˮ©ǴҲԲ鲻ʲôֻѡԼĻ
ع͵ȻͬԪԶȵŨȻޣȴټ˯ˡ
һҶ˵ĺ£磬ûָ㣬Լܶط᲻Ϥ¶ļҲӡ
ü޵֮ҶͻȻһ߹ٵĽӽԼסķ䡣
ϸӦһϢҶжӦ֮Ůͯ糿
ҶĴмģֱԼĻɭԼͻᱻԪɵ˸ץˡ
Ҷ磬ҷȥ𣿡
ſڣͯ糿վסˣţʵ
ɣͯС㡣
Ҷһ̧֣ķһˣͯ糿ý˷䡣
Ҷ磬ԺҪСˣűŤСС綼ԡ
ͯ糿˿䣬Ҷ˸ƣʾ˵ñ˵л
Ҷ״һɬһЦͯ糿߳䡣
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ʯǵϵľʯһҶ˵ǲİֻǲ֪ͯ糿ΪʲôԼʮöʯأ
ǿҶɻͯ糿͵ŵĹأÿ£ŵӶʮöʯΪԴ
ҶŻȻ򣬽ʯͯ糿˵С磬ҳէܶضΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ܸ˵˵𣿡
ͯ糿ٻȻһЦȻˣ㣬һΪ˸ʯڶǸ㽲һŵһЩغͽɡ
˱߱ģ֪ıԶŵסһƬĵط
ͯ糿ĽҶ𽥵ĶһЩ˽⡣
½һҲΪźţŵʵ㣬ʲôĻûģŵĵӶҪ¡
ȻʵԶԶţȴҲǳҪΪžӪźܶ׬Ǯ⣬Ϊŵķչתṩϵ֧֡
ֻʣŵÿõԴȴٵÿʮöʯѡ
˵ûʲôҪ飬ÿȥҩɱޡ
ŵÿܹŷַʯﵽһöŵӵʮ
ҲŵƴҪŵҪԭԴҲԼһʿʵҪء
źӵ֮⣬оӢӡ
ǾӢӣÿ¿ɻṩһǧöʯ
Ӣ֮ϱǺĵӣѾܹӴ߲ĵˣδ쵼ߣԴбĸ
ÿһĵÿ¶ܻһöʯԴԱ֤衣
֮⣬еĵӶͨŷһĽ
Щʯ似ҩȵȡ
Сãлл㣡
ҶԵͯ糿ʾԼĸлЩŵĵ˵ͼֱǼʱꡣ
ÿҶ磬ҪȥˣյţܶطϤҴȥϺˡ
ͯ糿Ƥգգ۾֪Ҷէɵ廷Բ죬û˴·Ļ֪ʲôʱԼҵء
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ͯ糿ڿڶЦãҶʵɫҺܶҪǻ³һɾ

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֣ú½ʮ𾪣𾪹󣬱ֱס
ɵ֮Уͯ糿кøеĵʤ׷֮٣֮һ
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ΪĺĵӣԵõԴһںܳһʱڵõӻ
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С֪ͨȥ쿪ʼҶҵĵˣ˭ҪǸҸʹӣϷ飬棡
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УҶжȹģоڵռڣʵܿ졣
㵽ŵˣŵӶ֣ȥ޵Ӣӵ
磬ٻӺ½׼½Լ˵似
ԼüĵطǺɽһصɽȣﳣ궼˼еĳǶȥ
ΪǸɽȻصģһûʲôޣҲûʲôҩ֮أ˭ûҲȥ
⴦ɽȵʱ򣬺½ûɽתһȦȷûɽȵķΧ֮ڡ
ܿ죬½һӰԶˡ
Ȼ½ĽΣȴǳһһııɽ
ź½ӰЦˣڸ½似ǼƷ似Ϊ
磬ң
½һֺõЦݣһС۾һ죬ǰ
ţŵˣ׼ôˣ似Σа𣿡
˵а𲢷ָаճɹǽеӢӵָϵҶΪ顣
½Ȼ˼ͷİɣ磬ұ֤һԷСӡ
ţͺã
ͷ˵㽫ҽ似ʩչһҿڻʱ䣬вԵĵطҿָĽ
ǣ磡
½˷ܵεͷҵæ紫ڸ״似ʩչһ
һ߿һߵͷ
½Ȼô˵㣬Ҳ˵㣬似ȴûκƫĵط
似½սֱ
һ似ʩչ֮󣬺½վͷĶԳ˵磬ôòɣ
ţУ似ȷֵĻᣬһˣ
ţĿ׺ݶѾǺĵӣԳֵĻ綼ԳֽҶϵˡ
ɵӱ˶ɥģʱĺҲʲô
磬ŵϣͰĵһԵֺˣұضСӣ
½֬һŷЦ˻ܹ罫Ҷϵô򵥡
ܹŵϴͷǶҪɵõģ˵ΪӢ֮иԴͺô
ٺٺ١
뵽½ЦǸо·ѾԼڱнҶϵһĻˣ




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ھڵռ֮УҶһֱϵţϵָ£Ľٶȿƿֲ
οڵռʱٽʮ֮һҲ˵ռжȹʮ죬ʵռнȥһѡ
µʱ˵ʲôҶ˵Ѿ൱ڱչʮ£ʱ䡣
ټԪԶȵŨʯ̺ԪŨȸӾˣٶҲڵϸ졣
ҶľԪҪһʿҪӴܶĻʹﵽ۷壬Ԫˡ
ȻڱչУҶҲƿ
еŨһ̶֮ѹǲܵģҶţԼûнѹһ̶ȡ
йѹľԣѹĵᣬʼһ£ҶռѾȹʮµʱ䡣
һöƷʯʮöͨʯȫӯѾﵽһ͵״̬ѹĻҲݲκˡ
£Ҷϵسѹ۷壬Ҳν۷塣
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Ϊﵽ߽ս񾳽֮ߵľͱҪһѹ
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򲻸ˣһʧܣһδεҶҵؼٽ㣬Һ̬һѹʹ֮ӽӽҺ̬
ɹͻ֮Ҷ֪Ϊʲôڵôĸ߽ս񾳽ʿһҲдԭˡ
Ϊ̫ˣҪԵ֮⣬Ҫһɷ֣Ҷܹ֮ɹԭһŴʱȥӻϵĳԡ
ڶľ񼶹Ҳ˵칦Ӿ
ԳƵ֪ʦ̵ˣҶҲʱͻƿ
Ȼˣָռеʱ䣬ʵռеʱ䡣
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ͬɵѹԽɵԽ࣬һѹҺ壬Ȼܹɸ塣
֪˶ã罫˺ѵʹ𽥵ʧˣҶ˾Ǵˮ̳һ嶼ˡ
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ոͻƾ磬Ҫһ²У⣬ҶҲʱŬһ£ȡ۷ȶ
һһֱŵĻвʱ䣬ҶòˣΪϵ˵ҲҪųжȣݽϣʼսһңױ
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ʱ֮ǴȻĽԶ޷Կ
ҶһȭȻͨͨһȭûж似ѪϣԾѪЧ
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Ҷ磬ˣ̫ˣ
ҶԺһ˿ͷʱһӼ״̬оˡ
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ûʲôŵӵӦû⡣ҶɵЦЦתƻ⡣
ҲôΪ
ܵҶ֮еţͯ糿Ц
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˱ıߣɽĴӷ֮С·֪ı帽
ʱҶͻȻо˿ٵĽӽ̧һȻĺǰ
Ϻã
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ĺؿҶһۣ·ҪҶ͸һ漴ֱ·Եһʯͷϡ
Ҷ֪ĺ϶лҪԼ˵һ
óʱŬҲѾﵽ۷״̬
ĺЦеı齥ԭΪҶǣҶûκαʾһһ㡣
ͷĺ˵ŵˣŵҪȵľӢӵҶҪ󲻸ߣֻһ㣬һòһͲҪˣ
ʦ˼ҷģŵӵһضҵģ
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970 ָһ
ŵԼŵӣҶڣȫӵ֪ͨۼŵһС㳡ϡ
С㳡Ҷһֹ޳ĸо㳡ֱǧףΧһȦʽĿ̨
̨Ϊɫʵ򣬸ͯ糿ҶĳʶЩɫĻ־ŵӵȽ׵Ļ֡
ɫŵӵĿ̨ȻŵûʸΪڻǿԵġ
ɫŵӵĿ̨ҲǵȺĵϢĵط
ɫǾӢӵĿ̨ɫǺĵӡɫǳϣɫרĿ̨
ɫһֱţҲ֪ǸʲôԤġ
˸֮ͯվһͨ޷ǾϣԺ󾫳Žᣬϣδϣеӵϵȵȡ
ЩϵĽҶûбֳκβͷڵϵʱ;ܹЩĹŲһĽӦ
Ž꣬ŵʽʼ֮󣬴ĺͻȻվɨһˣĿڳɫҶһڼ˶
λһ飬֪ҶҵĵӣҲϷΪֹյΨһһӡ
ϵĻû˵꣬ͿʼСҪѵҪѹˣΪͽȡǰ֮һ𣿡
ҶҲְմϵԸ񣬲ӦŶ԰Ҳ˵ԼҲһҪõһΪ֮ǰѾ˵ˣѵҪɻ᲻ɣ
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ڴϵĻոҶߵĸλõһĶʵ۾ɨмһ
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ͬĿĵĻҶǰһһ꣬Ҳǽźܾˣʵɲ⡣
ݸߵв׷磬ٶȼʹһ̵չ֮ȣʵǿٶȸҲͽκΡ
ŵٶȵһļ¼һ̵뻯綾ߵĶһ㣬ԣһֱ飬ˡ
УΨһֻܹжźͺ½˶ѣźǹŵһȴ򣬲׷ٶ죬ȴһЩκβ˷ܵĶź
źҲκβΪһ룬׷϶ԷһСĿռаս¡
½۹źٶȣвǲ׷Ķ֣ۺʵȴ˿ˣԣνŵûʼ֮ǰҶѾȷ޵Ȼ˵ģֻǲ֪˭ᵽһѡ
Ȼ
ϵһȴεһССıҶʲôıҲʮڴġ
ڶźҶȥʱ򣬲׷ҲعͷޱҶȥһЦڴܽҪʧźá
ҶЦͷİɣҵĿ꣬ҵĿǵһ
ÿСӣСעʧܵģֻ컨㲻ڶҶеһѡ
׷һ˿ĹâȱʱһҪҶ׻ܣһһ͵ŵӡ
ͬʱ½ҲҶ߿ĵҲ·ͷܽͲˣһȥɣ
Ժ½ƣҶ΢΢һЦһҲ⡣
Ͼڵʱ̫ˡ
Ǻ½ˣвŵжһɾһҪҶܣƾʲôܹõϵĴࣿΪϵΨһӣ
˻ᣬǶ֤ԼҶɫϾҶнĽӶˡ
ҲǴδй飬ǶǴӱűѡŵģΨҶûоţֱӽš
ϵⷬŲ˼ʱͬŵӺ;Ӣӡ
ĵӶҶеһ棬֪Ϊʲô˵ѵҶܹȺۣŵ޵ֲɣ
ǿҶĿ鸴ӣʮżɣһ㱾ͺܲʵҲȷ𾪡
ǾӢӣǺĵӣҲǴŵһ㰾ʯǶô죬ҶıҲˡ
Щȴ룬ǺʹȻϵδضǢȴ֪ϵƢԡ
Ȼ˵ȻǶҶųģոսµҲѹȺ۵ʵ
ȺУźͲ׷߬ȭͷ˫ȼܵս棬ϵĻĴ̼ǡ
Ҷȡ֮ΪϵĵӣΨһĿ꣬ڽ뾫ӢӵзǷˡ
ΪǺɹΪӢѾǰ϶飬ûŵܺǿΨҶһǾԲκα֡
Ҫˣر֤ԼʵǱҶǿʺΪϵĵӡ
½˫ۣ׹⣬Ͷź׷˲ͬǷϵҶΪһڶͬʱҲΪԼڶ
Χ۵ŵӺ;ӢӡĵǺĿҶ
²ҶƥƻĺܷѹȺۣŹϵǰָ֣һ




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Ŀɨ£ȫ˭Ҳ˵ˣһˣͯƺʹĺ֮⣬˶һľη
ĵͷܺãų˺ܶӣο
Ҷüͷ֪߾ʲôͷ˶ϹϾӿԿϼһͷС
ŵľӢӵһ㲻˵Ҳ֪ˡҪ˵ǣεıϷУ⣬вײʶϷϷţ̫ϳϡϷУ赣ıĹƽԣ
̫ϳԼݣҶȻͬʱҲȻˣҲֻʸɫˡ
ͯ糿̸Ǹ˵ģҲֻ˶̫ϳϣҰףݼΪȻΣĴ£Ŷ벻ǡ
ź̫ϳϲͬһ̬ͯϲһ𣬸
ԣͯƱΪαĲУһΪɲǿУܱ֤Ĺƽԣܼ
ŵвŵӶȻΪеľӢȫԸ˭Ҳ޷֤Լܹ֡
һʵǿĲбԵΪҪˣҶҲͯƱôˡ
ǰŵǴΪеģΪûͽΪƽƫ̻κˡ
βˣҶΪͽܣҶǡҲҪⳡΪ˱ӣҲεĲˡ
һ̫ϳУû˸ҲΨоӢеĳüͷ壬º½޷ֽҶϵ
Ͼ̫ϳϵʵǳҪƤӵ滨Ƿǳ׵ġ
½ƺҲ뵽һ㣬ִٲ翴ȥһµ
̫ϳδ˴αĲУ绹ҪҶϵ
вŵǰץȷԼĶֺͳ򣡡
ŵɵľӢ̧һյĴľ̨롣
ҶһǰľϷһúֽסԲο׶˲ԱִƺֽľһСԲСԲԿź롣
źҶһۣЦϣһ㣬Ҫһײңûˣ
Ҷ˿壬ؾ仰ͬҲ͸㡣
ץκܿͽˣÿĵӶץһСԲעź룬кԼһıǶ֡
ҶһۣԼãȻʮţֻǲ֪ĸùԼץͬĺ롣
ץú֮󣬰Ҷڣвӷ׷׻صԼλϣȴűĿʼ

һ̫ϳڿ̨ĵطƽƽĵʽʼһ̨
ŵ󣬵ȴĴÿһ˵Ķʾɲʵ
ϰһķλվֲһڽķ֣õ±֮ס̨֣˵սˡ
ǰ飬ڱ֮Уȼǿһղס֣սŵֱӺɱ
Ϊ˱ƵıٴηԺÿαҪ÷֡
ץһŵµʿ̨֮໥ͨȻ׿⣡
̫ϳڼѯ֮һӣһʼ
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˶ȻԼϢͷųϬţһԷײȥͬʱ˫ԼķȻǳ
ﬡ
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һӺ˫սβһðʩչ˽ںͶֶԺʮ֮󣬽ⶥ˶ֵʺϣս
бһҶ˵ս©ٳŵӺЩûмʶŵ˵൱ʵġ
ھʵսȻҪҵ
½ϳõҲڣûʲôʵôҶһбܽս飬ȴòֺ

ߺŵǳ
ϲޱκθĲ·еһ㡣
ಣ
ݵһ׷վ̨
ৣ
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ΪȻ󲻵УҲҪȫԸźͳǿԼʵǱ
̨룬˶վ̫ϳɨһۣ˫ͨ
׷磡
׷ĽܼˣҲҪ˵ŵûв֪ġ
棬ʦ֣飡
Ͳ׷ץͬһ죬Цһ
ϻ˵ս޸ӣֲˣȻǱҲֵģรɣ׷˿ӡ
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Ŵһʼ
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Ͳ׷ٶȣԣ⣬һҪԶĻᣬͬʱǿޡ
ò˵ֲǶԵģٶȼĲ׷磬õѡֻҪܹƾȼֱսĹΧܹ֤֮ڲ֮ء
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׷Цһӻһ̣ӭͭսȥ˫ֻûӰһ㡣
ֻǰһͭսһ𣬵׹ʱսѾˡ
׷粻ŵٶȵһĴڣڽӽͭսʱһתܿͭսķâ˳սߣһһ̵Ѿĵϡ
ֻҪǰһͣһΪͱˣٶ֮죬ĿϾӡ
Ҷ֮⣬ֻЩӢӺͺĵǿĹٶȺͲԡ
һû㱻ö̵˵ϣû뵽Ҳ֪Լˣһɣͭս굱һڵϣ׷ʦָС䣡
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ŰͷͣٶȣѾѵˣҪĿȻܹڶ̵·Ƥϵһɲ֣ݿǳѵá
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˳ɹ̫֮ϳƽĵʮϳ
Ҷվ̫ϳǰԼСȥȻս룬ԼĶֵǳ
ܿ죬һ̨ԼСϽ֮Ҷվˣеսȼš
˫ͨ
̫ϳйµ˵
Ҷ
ͨ
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ͨҶû˼㲻ٵʱ䣬һȭҶźȥҵȭâͻ˿ռ谭˲㵽Ҷǰ
ҶͷͨʵУȫﵽ۷֮Ҷʵһʵ
ৣ
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ʮնͨ似ҲǹΪϬ似ŵеһĶźҲС

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ৣ
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ͨնĵâݺݵײڼλֲµķϣһ죬÷ֶһζɼһж
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ʮһӽͨͿˣɫɷ׵ĿڳһҶſһѪ
û˵ҶȴԼ۵Ѫˣͨʱ֪ԼСҶʱҶչĻԼһжӲ¡
ҶЦݵԼ߹ͨæ˵ˣˣ
ŲĿҶһۣ֪ŵгһ֣ҶܹڸʩչǿݵȴǺټģɵ࿴ۡ
ʮ֣Ҷʤɹ
˱ͨҶֵҶֵܣҷˣҪСĵ㣬˶
˵꣬ͨһһĻصԼλϣĿˣıˡ
ڳţֵźʱһб㽫Էð師ֱˣǲɱֵĻһ師㽫ˡ
½Ҳչֳ˲׵ʵɽֻܣ˳
һֱʱ֣ŵȫϣһ˳ɹսʤ˶֣һֵı
΢ϢƬ̣Թ緹֮󣬱УκĹûʲô仯Ծϳ
һ֣Ҷһײˣڴʩչǿ֮Ҷɽܡ
ʵ˶֪ȻҶͶź׷硢½֮еֻЩ˻ΪҶûʸǿ
ԽԽңŵȻ۷ʵʵսʵȴͬие͡
սУҶûǿƽֶλǵȶԷǿʵʩչ֮Ŷ֡
ܶʩչǿ֮󣬼޷սʤҶˣö˸
Ҳв۵ģʩչǿ֮޷սʤҶԾ֮ˣҶ㲻ٿֱһȭս
Ҷڽ˼ֵĶ֮ڳɹǿźͲ׷硢½ҲĽǿ
ڣҶҪӲӲˣ
Ҷʵˣܹǿֱǽң
ûҶ̫ˣȱǿӦеİȻܹսʤ֣α˷ʱأֱ֮ƻֲ𣿡
ҶսʱŵһЩ߷׷ۣΪҶȱһ˭İһԶźˣ¾ͺսʤˡ
һЩûкҶϵŵҲҶ̫ˣ޷սʤ¶Ķź˵ġ
ҶȻʵӢӵ»Уֻܵ´ˡ
ʵӹɣȴȱһµİսʤźǣºѣ
ο´ϵͽҪˣ
ŵӺͲ־ӢҲΪ׷Сš
ȻǵСȴĵӺͳϵŸ߲쵼ǵĶ䡣
ӢеٮٮҲǳֲͬĿ
ʵ׿ҲЩͨĵǸҶһֱƽݵıܿˣҶսʤЩֲûжȫԣû֪սжǿ
Ҷսǳḻսİۣʹǣܷһ㶼˵
֮ûǿƽֻܣǲԸԼÿһ֣ϾҲġ
ǲҲǲΪҲ
ϧҶĶǾӢеٮٮߺͺĵӡϵˣڶŵӺŵȴѹ
ЩûкҶϵǷ׷ײޣΪԼҶĻһܹսʤ
˵ʲôѾˣеʱֻܿҶڰϵıˡ
ĵУͯƵıǧͯ糿ȻУȻŵŮȴ⣬ȫƾԼʵʸվ
ÿͯ糿Ա˵ıֲ⣬ؿҶı֣ΣҶҲһֲģɽʱͱԪŵ˸ˡ
ңЩͯ糿Ҷøдòô˵Ҷȷĳǿˡ
ҶһʼǳйעҶһһҶıУҲˣҶڱвδȫ
Ȼÿζʤգȴ˶ֳַӵĻᣬöķڷ
Խͯ糿ԽҶ·Ƶ̬ĪŮ˵
һУվһԵĳ翴޵
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޹ޣҲҶıֿ֪Ҷûжȫ
һҲġԴ½似ǳţ
ο½ʵҶ޷սʤҶҲܴƽ֣һ½ڵ似ϵҶԲѡ
Ψһ˼ɵľ̫ϳϣ
ΪһſèĻ½ͺˡ
ܹɹ½Ҳᱩ¶ġ
ʱ½ĻпܱĵӵȦӣпܻᱻɽţ
ǹǣǼϲòˡѾеزˣֻҧӲͦһ鱩¶Լϣᳵ˧Ѻ½ӳȥס
ͯ糿ӣЦ޲̿Ҷϵ龰
ĽվС
ڳڴҶϵͬʱ̫ϳſҶˣǿĵץָԱܹóǿս


973 һл
Ľİ˼
̫ϳŵĻ£Ⱥɢȥҹעߣû˯š
Щ̭ȥӵܽԼʧܵԭͬʱҶ˵ǿ
ЩӢӺŵ̸ű֮гֵľʶԾʵҲһַʡ
Լ֮£ǷܹĸãĿŬǰȡսĵӡ
Ҷ˱ڹ㳡һŷУÿһ䷿Զʱ˴š
ǶԣָĵҪ
Ϊʵﵽ磬ѾƿˣҪͻƷǳϦ֮ԣ˭ָܻ۷״̬˭Ͷһʤ㡣
Ҷûнڵռȥ±̫ϳϲʲô
ϾʵԽţԽ˴ϣ˶̫ϳϿɲ֮
㲻ռһϵʱ㹻Ҷָ۷״̬ˣ
֮ҶҲûгԶֱӻط׼ˣҪ붨ͻȻоͯ糿Լ߹ֻʱڤ״̬ͬʱаЦ
ͯ糿òɣһǧԺյݣо׷ࡣ
ԼӽĻ⣬ɽԼƵ˷˼֮ϣЩͯ糿׷ǱȻԼΪжд̡
ȻҶͯ糿ûκ뷨Ҳֻ̹Ȼԡ
Ͼͯ糿ִҪŵģҪ˵ţõԴʵܷ뿪ɭֶ⡣
һ£ȻܹԶͯ糿
Ҷתʱͯ糿Ѿǰߵ˼ţҶ磬ҿԽȥ𣿡
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ͯ糿˽ЦؿҶֱϵһСʳзǰҾ֪ûԶҴһЩԵģģ㳢ζô
ʢȴҶôҲܾܾʳУֻһЩСģȻ࣬ȴܾ£óĵķһ˼
ҶһöСģζ治ټһûԶˣ㲻ٿһ㽫Сʳеĵĺɨһա
ͯ糿һԣճյؿҶ̻ʵм̵ĸо
Ҷ֮ͯ糿ʰһʳУҶȻһЦҶ磬ϢɣҲˣף쿪ʤָһ
Ҷ֪Լڱ΢΢һЦϣ˰ɣҾͻᱻɨسˣҿɶ
ۡ
ͯ糿һ֣·ж쵽һתĺһۣ߳䣬Ϸţõȥˡ
Ҷ˰죬ʲôǳа̾һ֮С
ԪԶȵŨŸԪ󸣵֮һԪŨȱط
״̬ҶܿתݣԪܵǣΧγһɫԪӣΧ档
ʱһһţ֪ѵ˵ڶ졣
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һҹȫָ۷״̬ΪоȻҺһξ룬ʵʱǿһЩ
ٶ˵ŵУҶӱɹǿУֻҪڰٴʤûõһҲȻӢ֮еһԱˡ
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û֪˭Ҳ˵׼˭ʤ
Ψд̨ʼһЦеı飬˾øĪ⣬ܶıпҶûϣڵĳϺ;ӢǶʧˡ
һ磬п̨ѾϯǶڴⳡǿߵײʵġ
˶֪ʵźͺ½׷˾޼רʤضʮ־ʡ
ΨһҶ˵ⳡа·ɱһƥһ·ɱǿ֮У˵вġ
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ҶҲȫעĿ˵սΪԼȻһϣоһ¶ֵʵ似Բǻ¡
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ź֪Լȱʲôԣȷ𹥻ɽ޸һĹ켣½ĲӿȥףҪ˵ľ޸Уþ޸ĸâ½ҲȻ촦Ѫ

½ȴ˿壬δٶȱܿſ͵һֱӭȥָſ߶һСС̫һ㣬ݺݵھ޸Ĳ档
Ĵ㲻ͬʹõȻ󣬵ȴһӽ޸ƫˣһעҪˡ
飡
ͬʱһĺ½ǰȭó紫ڸļƷ似߶ݺһȭڶźǰ
ۡ
һ죬źҽһֱӱһȭɳȥصײڷϣַˤ˼Ӳ̨ϡ

һĻ˽Ծ
һУһбս
ڴеĴս̫Զˣ˭Ҳû뵽ȻĽ
ôԭΪź㲻սʤҲȻܹ֧źܳһʱ䣬û뵽ǿǿײźȻԼĹϰˡ
½Сʲôʱôǿˣ
ŵˣӢӺͺĵӶΪ֮ݣ½һ൱ƯڶĵطܣǴ˶źġ
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֮࣬½˳Ŀ⣬һ̨ЦųҶҺڴھнܣϣ㲻Ҫʧˣ
ûлش
ҶƽĿ˺½һۡ
ӺԵУҶһĺͬʱ۽ǵҲ˾ӢгŵЦüͷһ壬ԼµһЩʲô
עǽ˾ġ
Ҷش𣬲׷ɭĵͬʱĿɨ½עھбһܣ




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һʮУ׷Ķ̵ҶëûԷٶȱ죬죬·һ㡣
ʱΧ۵˴һʼסĿתѾ¿Բµˡ
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Ҷ治򵥣֮ǰ֮˵Ǿ仰һյġҶܶڰ
˿̵ı׷Ѿ䶨ˣٶҶ۹ˡ
һ̣˭Ҳ˵Ӯ㷭ҲûУ׷ܹΪʤأ
۷׷ףпҶģҲпò׷ģϾҶף׷Ǵŵһ㰾ģӵǲٵġ
ֲܸȻҲˣҶžûκα顣
׷ȴЩܲˣѾ˵ȥˣڱ˵ʮУʮжȥˣȴҲҶ½ǶûҶҲûзֻһζĶܡ

֪Լٶ޷ԽҶ׷ҲˣХһƱǣ·һ㵭Ļ档
һ̣ˣֱȼԼ
ȻΪǰľӢΪ˸ϣҪƴˡ
ȼ֮󣬲׷ʵ˲һ̨ףѾﵽԪĳ̶ȣûҺ֮⣬ٶȻǹﵽԪĳ̶ȡ

׷糤ХһٶȶȻӿ֮һ˾һӰһ㣬ӢӺͺĵ֮⣬ֻгϺܹĹٶȺͽǶȡ
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ǵܿʧˣΪڲ׷ΪȼٶȺ͹֮Ҷŭ֮еСһ۲׷ٶȶ죬ܱȶԷһߡ
ȼǲܳ־õģһÿһʿ֪ȻȼܹʱʵҲǾ޴ġ
ܣ
׷ŭѾû·ҪҶܣ˵ʶһˣǰҲԼʧ֮ۡ
Լһܣ°֮ڶ޷ȫԭ뿴ģҲҪҶܡ
ƵѪǣٶȶ죬ҶǱ졪似򲻵ֵҲûõġ
̵ĵâ˺գϵײڷϣ϶Ȼɫ͵Ĺֻòϲʱпѡ
ǿ̻з󷨵Ļͱ˵սݲеĲˡ
սлصʱ򣬹սսȻҶûлһ۾ͿֻҪҶ׷ܹʮжˡ
飡
ڣ˵УҶչ˷ȴûжԼǿĹԶڶֵĹһȭڲ׷յϡ
˵ϱţΣط֮һ
ҶһȭǶȵ꣬ڲ׷ϣ׷һ飬еĶ̵һ˵ϡ
û˶̵׷ûצϻһҶʧȥв
ҶȴŽ׷ܣԾԶڲ׷Ĺ
ʱЩϺͺĵѾˣҶǴˣأƾʵֻҪӳǿһȭܽսˡ
ǿһ㣬˶û˵ڿݣУͯ糿˫
ʣⳡսҶӮˣֻʱϵˣͿҶʲôʱԸս
ڶУ
Ҷ˵ţһΣٴδһȭһȭ˲׷ļͷò׷һΣҪƴŰһȭҶԺ䣬ȭʱҶȥˡ
ŶֵĸоţоʹϣǸожˡ
Ҷ־͸ҹĴһȡʤʲôӢۣҲ㣡׷糹ץˣ˻ֹ
һ̣ȫȻ˱ʼ֮ǰβһҶġ
У
ҶͲ׷磬ԾٶȹţѲ׷ƵĲѪ
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Ҷһȭÿһȭͬһλϣȭӵ˲佫׷ɳȥһ·Ѫ
ৣ
̫ϳһαڲ׷ײϷ֮ǰס鿴һ
׷ƲأȴҲٶˣʧȥս
ʿɱȷǱƴġ
Ҷؿ˲׷һۣ֮֮ζؽ˵Ļԭⲻֻؾ˹ȥȻ뿪̨Լλá
ۡ
׷ԭܾͱ˿ֱӱҶ仰һѪӿͷһǰһڣһѪҲȥ




975 һȭ

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ڰúܿ죬ԭյľĵսС
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ҲãԭΪıҶͺ½ǿƵı֣һ춼ò˱
ʵűҶ˵ǲƽģϾղҲķѲٵͺ½ͬ½Ǳ书һۣһзʤȻĵҲء
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Ҷû˵ʲôսʵ̫ˣ˵սмûκϢʱ䣬Ѿǵһˡ
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лϵĺ⡣ղȻһЩӰľ
Ҷǿһ㶣ȴûоܾ飬ֻζڳϯϵĴϿһۡ
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⵹ԩ˴ϣҶⳡ֮ǰëҲûҶֻһ仰òһͲҪˡ
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½ЦһȻᷴھͿʼսֺأҶֳǿʵҲЩ
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ŵкܶ˶ð뷨ֻЩҶеʿ֪Ҷжôǿ
ҶǰǾչǿĹһ޼£һƴ֮ûС
ԣҲֻǲ֪ҶҪκ̣ƾչֳʵ½Ҫսʤס
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ŵӲ⣬ŵӸӲ⣬ѾҶʵȷݵµġ
ҿŽнţһʵǿĵţﻹ¶Ļ᣿еĹâᱻһռˡ
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ϾҶڲ׷ٶϽѹƣüȡʤҪ˼Ʒ似ĺ½ӲӲ
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ͯƺһڳǵûκαʾϵԸǿҶֵ̫ĻǸе֡
Ⱥ֣仰ʲôʲôˣǿƣԲһԸΪӣ˵츳ôҲС
١СҪԿͷˣ
УЦҶԸ˵Ϥˣ֪Ҷ˾һҾһɣҪǸһұذٱ֮ˡ
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һҲȲȥˣҶ䣬½㻢һǰȥ˫ֻûһƬȭӰݺݵҶȥҵȭâ̵ۡ
һͣɱУǻӣô۵ȭâҶߣɱϢ߳һš
ಣ
һŽǶȷǳ꣬Ϊյ䲻Чһź½һûУûгҵţͨͨһŶѡ
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似ȭȷ
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̫ϳҲҶһȭ̺Ŀüͷһ׼´ȭâʢĺ½
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һ죬Ҷ˿̩ɽһԭأϵ·졣

½ҽһӾǶߵķһֱײȥ
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촫½һֱײ˷֣صˤڼӲĵϣѪҲȥ
һȭ
Ҷһȭ½У

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ǴҲûз飡
ͯ˸żĹâ촽΢ûп˵˷֮ɫ޷Ρ
սĳҲĿɿڴ
Ҷսʤ½ô˴ŵӴĵһû뵽ҶһȭȻô󣬿Խѣ
ϾǷǲԪʿսµģһԪʿѡ
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ʵû뵽ҶȻǿ뵽ԼҶ˲еԼĻҰһҶ˵ĻǽǵجΣ
ϾǿǵĻǾԲ׷ŹЩǵˣ˱ʵ֮
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Ҷһȭ½ɵʱǰԼԼɺ½λԼܷ񵲵סҶǰһȭ
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ΪǻǣҪѳϲµķ֣ҲȫԸС
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һжѾȥˣھǺԪ㳲ͯҲԲὫҶȥˣ
̫ϳɫЩѿ̫ϳϿ˵ɨˣζһ˵
һҶ׷ˣȴûΣû̫صˣ϶ٺÿһЩΪҶǿԼϲġ
Σ½ɵһ˲䣬űߣ̽һַǳ΢ʱпɥȪ
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ھμʱҲвٵʥҩֻҪϧۣܹȹģʱ붯һָͷ
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ս֮ͯ糿ҶԿһֱŵע̨ϵ½Ϣ߳һţЩšţӢӣ
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ϾܹھӢǰʮ˵ǵʵ൱ǿ
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һڽԻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ɸ߲㾹Ȼһ½˾ҪżٴһʱС
ԭΪӢӺߵľˣ˾Ȼûһ뾫ӢӵУ˵۾
ΪӢӵĺô̫ˣÿ·ַʯһٿűһǧţʮ
ͬʱҲȥеĵһȥѡһ似ΪĽÿӢӶ֪顣
Ҷȴȫ˽⣬ֻ֪ӢӱŵӵĴãԴбʲôĽ治֪
ͯҲ֪ҶŵһЩػһ֪⣬ʱЩ
ŵӺŵӿҶĽʺޣҶ·ɱճ˵Ĺâȫڸסˡ
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ͯһ֪ΪҲЩǽʲô
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෢˫ۣ쵽Ҷǰƣûŵƣκ˲ýӽ󡣡
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˵һ似ȻƷʲβ룬Ҽûʲôǿ似ȴȫ棬˸
ҶҲ֪Լѡʲô似аȭڣڹϾܼ
Ұȭ÷ʣܹ޶ȵķӳڶʱڸҪڶֹ似ˡ
Ҷ֪ѡʱٴγʶٺһЦСӣڸÿʲô似ȭȻǵϵ似Ʒʣ˿κι似ңȭһôǵϵ似ûܹʶ似ԣҽѡһֿٶȵ似Ҳǲ
ҶͷҲд⣬ڵõϵ㣬ȻӼԼ뷨ǾѡʲôĲ似ȴѡ
кüֲ似ǧҶȫһ飬ȴ޷ȡᣬϾҲֲ֪ʺԼ
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ҶܣƾϵľֻҪ΢һɨܹ֪Щ似ĴƷˡ
תٲڵ˵ҲǲĲˣʤڹ֮ϣû֪һ
ϽҶܵļֲ似һµǾתٲı׶ҲԣǾǹ࣬ٶȲ㣬ǿĶֲ֣𲻵ʲôã۸۸Լ޼˻С
첽ˣ̫ˣûκѡĿԡ
˱䣬עٶв磬Ҳʺڵ
ϽԼȥĲ似һǴҶĶ͸ˣ˼ԼҪ뱦ɽջˡ
ϻǺܾĵΪѡһֲ
Ӱ׽Ӱڹʤתٲ࣬ٶҲ
ϵĻ˵һУҲⲿ似ǿǿԵģ似㲻ϡ
ֻⲿ似ҲùǺ˵ҲҶĿǰʵ̫ò似һԼٶȣĻֲ似ֻ¨С

Ҷһͷۡ
ҪһһڵĳԣʵҲһ͵ģԼһ似ˡ
ǲʱãҶջѡ˷ӰϾôľ˵ԲԼġ
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Щ似ӡˣûнӡ֮ǰ޷鿴оصģҶȻȥ⿪Щ似ķӡ
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Ҷ߳ӭͿͯ糿һЦݵ߹Ѿ
ҶҲûлرܣǰС磬ôˣ
ѡʲô似𣿡
ͯ糿һ˷ܵĿҶ·лһ
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ҶһЦҵҰģֻǼȻѾǾӢˣаҲӦ֪һЩɣ˵ˣ׼ãۻ᲻Ὰа񣬶˽һЩܲǻ£
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ŵĹԽԽ࣬аԽǰȻʵҲǺҪ׼
ûǿʵҪܳĹ׼ǲܵģԣаҲ޿ɺǡ
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ȻĵӵĴȾӢֽһоӢӶԴҪĵӵС
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ΪҶսǳ֮Żܹ꣬һӣӦøӹǾ½鵯֮ء
˵ǵ֮ЩˣϾ½ҲǵѰʿҪҲô׵顣
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Ҷͯ糿ĴмģԼڻʲô治˵
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Ϊ׵ĺȻдռͨڵһʱĹƣ˵ȻԪɵĵӡ
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ÿһ嶼ǴоԶӴ壬ЩһϣܹϵĻԻͣٴԻͣɾһ˫񻰡
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ڲͬˣ뵽϶ԿҶҲѾˣ
УҶ˫⣬ǰӵĻĺ׼ȥ
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Ҷսپȶþ񹥻֮ƣɵһˡ
һԶγһǿϵ壬ͬʱҲܼһǿĶ֡
ôҲû뵽ҶȻ˫ޡ˫޵ʿҲǷǳġ
Ҷľ񹥻ʶֶݵĻңǰһڣŲһ٣ٶҲˡ
ͬʱӥһҲѾϵ˲Զƴȫĺͻϡ
һ˻ˣҶնɱǾˣпܻʧܡ
ҶԲԸ⿴ľ棡

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Ҷһϲٴδŵ֮һȭˡ

ֲܵĲһߣΪĸеԼٲֿͣĻɡ

ȭһǳɣͬʱһԪһѴҶļͷȥ
ȺҶȭâײһϢѣţȭͷҶȭײһ
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ӥһԪɵĵӾӲֹס˽ŲӲĳ𾪵Ըӡ
ǶԪڵʿʵ޼ҶܹһȭˣԼأ
뵽ǿµĺʣƱȻǱҶնɱģѵʲôʵķɣ
ȻһСʿôǿս
Ŀ˻걻Ҷһȭ򱬵ọ̈̄гױ־⣬һۣȼԼԪͷɭȥ




992 һŹ
ΪҶɱ˹ƣԪɵֱӱ˵ûһս
Ȼ
ҶûзŹǣɱ֮һɽ׷һԪɵӣһȭɱ
˴ǿҵĲʺͺڣ׷ǵĴʦֹȥˣҶǴ޺ˣһЩʯһ걦ҩ
Ҷû뵽Էһöҩ֮ϲ
ϾҩЩʮҩҩǿö࣬Ҳϡٵöࡣ
бҩĵطǿ޿أǹɣҶնɱͷһ䶴ڱ㷢
Ԫɵһ걦ҩҲɭеõģֻû뵽ջǱҶ
նɱԪɵ֮ҶսƷŽռУȻͷӥ׷ȥ
ӥϱ֣ܿԱ˵һ㶼⡣
֮ǰͷߣˣ
һʱ䣬Ҷڹ֮ǰ½صǸϿȸ׷ӥꡣ
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Ҷӥп˽թĹâҪ˵ֻӥ걩ѣһ㶾ذ綾һ㣬ȻϢشҶĽϡ

һ죬ذӦˣҶĽűҲһ˿ڡ
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ӥһе֣··װ˵һٵҶ˾룬ĿҶЦ
ذϴŶҵľ綾ѪҶʵǿܹʱѹסԵķջǻġ
ҶҲоԼϵˣôʱ״ܹԼ˿ڡ
˿ڴ֪ӥذϿ϶о綾ȴһҲϡ
һ֮屾ĿԾͷǳֲо綾κβ
ڶҶϻпɽٶıܶڣ˵ǰٶ֡
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Ҷһ߳ӥĵںϣ˲ŷ񱩵ֱӴݻӥĵ

ӥҽһձҶ߷ɳȥʮԶߵķݡ
ﱻƣӥһΪΪУΪˣ
һУִ׹ĸоصһ̱ȥˡ
Ҷ߶֮ͱܶ飬ѸڶأȻһΣӵӥߡ
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ҶӥϵļѨϿٵ˼ƣһӥľУ˲佫ӥ̼˹

ԼĴ֮ӥֱӷôЩԼ࣬˳̵ļįʹ࣬Ԫڡ
û뵽һתۣôĿ޸ôܲ
⣬˵˾͸ʹ죬һԼѡ񣡡Ҷ俪ڣûаʴȡ
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һ㣬ղѾһˣصޣ
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Ҷޱ˵⣬ҪҵҲѾ֪ˣǴӵġ֮ǰǵҽͽܡҽܾˣóɱˡĥˣ
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ҶϵѨϸһ£־תĸо˲ʧˡ
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һ·ϣֻҪܹսʤޣҶϳ֣Уսп¼ֻɱ޵Ĺȫ¼
һսʤޣҶ㾡취㿪Щͻ
е޵ӣĹֵҲš
ͿĺޣҶɭ㵢һµʱ仹ûеռͨڵСɽȡ
һ죬ҶĬĬмһԼɱ͵ȼԼܹĹִֵԼӦھӢǰʮҵӡ
Ѿ㹻ʸμӾӢӴˣҶٵ飬ΪʱҲˣɱȥȻԼĹֵۼӣ»˾ӢӴʱ䡣
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ҪĲǺĵҪӴԴֻɾԼǱɲŻ㾡ȫԼ
ƾҶԼҪӴԴԼʵǲܵġ
Ҿͱ˻ŴǾǣȫѨԴ͵ҪĻҪԪҲǷǳֲġ
£õһǿŵȫȻԼѬԴҪʡ̫ˡ
뵽ҶɱˣչȫռͨڵСɽȸȥ




993 ĸ׵ټ
ɽ½ռżҪĵλ˵֮ĵ
ͬǣﲢûκ޵á
ݴ˵ɽһԴ羰ԪŨҺ̬κһˮжͨˮŨԴҺ
ĵط°빦ֻǳʷϵļλ֮⣬Ҳû˵ɽĸء
ԣɽĸؾʲô˭Ҳֻ֪ܴӴֻƬȥƲһ
˵ɽصѾ壬仯˵ģܹʱޣʵѾ޷⡣
֮УΨдܹѹЩѾΪ˵ޣԣɽֻд۲֮
֮£ôǿҲóȻɽĸء
ͨĿռͨڵСɽλɽصıԵмشĵط
⸽кܶǿޣֻЩǿ޶СɽȣԿռͨȤ
ԭܼ򵥣ԽԪ֮عӰ죬ǲܽռͨӶ
ǵĿǽɽĸأøеЩ޵ϿɣͨռͨǸͲȤ
ȻˣռͨŲٵޣϴӥһʵ̫ǿ֮ڶʱڱγա
ɽУ޵ǷǳӴģ̾ʧ֮󣬺ܿͻбռ
Ȼ죬۵СɽȸȴһƬžžķ·˷صһ㡣
СɽУռͨڵĵطһ˴Լʸ߹׵Ů˾վţ˫ƺܹգſռͨڵĵط
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ʱ¶ĵǣĸԵĹ˸·ܹͨռͨʲôԼİĶһ
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ɽ紵Ů˵ӣϡɼδɵۣ۽ǻ˸⣬Ĵ£ߵһʪ½󡭡
գۼ䣬Ů˱ʧɽ֮⣬ڤڤ

ھСɽȲԶĵطҶ鷳Ÿ·˶ΧļӣһͷԪе߸סˡ
ͷԪڵе֮һͷͷ­ǣײнƻʵƿֲҶȫʱҲòҲκβҶֻܴ۵С۵Ķš
Ҷû̫ʱ䵢ֱȼǿսͬͷԪе߾ˡ
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Կ϶ϸӦǸ˾ԼĸϣΪԼĸ֮⣬֪ռͨ˲࣬ԪɾԲкԼĸϢƵ˵ġ
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ϣأĸȥˣ
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ĸףҶԺֻһţûκμ䣬һֱҶź
̾˿ˣѾˡղܹٿһĻҲܹˣϧڡ
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~
֪˶ãҶһһɽŨŨĲڲᣬת뿪Сɽȡ
ҪţμӾӢӴ




994 Σͻ֣
µʱ䣬˵˵̲̣֪бȥˡ
뾫ӢӴֻʱˣžӢӷ׷׹ǳȥĻִĵӣ϶ص֮С
Ӣӻع飬ɵľӢڵÿ춼кܶྫӢ߶ҹϵʦֵ̽ĵãǽһ¸òŵһЩҩĲϵȵȡ
Ǻĵеͯ糿ȴԲ͵˾ӢӴˣȴûҶκϢ
Щͻᵽڵȥһ£ϣܹҶƽ
ֻҪƽͺãܷμӾӢӴҪ
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ϱչصȻʲôĵطкܶӶ֪ĺƢû˭ҲԸ
ԣϷǳ徻˺ܶ˼˼Ȼ͡
ⲮҶ绹ûл𣿡ӵСǰͯ糿ڷеĺѯʵ
ĺĸͯʵʦֵܣֻͯҪܶѣͯ糿Ⲯǲûд
š
ĺͷɫⱲӴδͽһֱȻһ¼ҹһӶûС
ԭΪԼ¶ϣû뵽ˣȻҶһĺӡ
ĺ˼ԼȫѪҶϣϿҶǳҲϣҶܹٳ߸ͷһ
ΪҶѾѵʱҪӭͷϣͱҪܣܳܵʹ෽ɾ͡
ҶıҲһֱĺе⡪һΪʦͽܣĺʮϧ
ЩҲһֱڵǣÿ춼ᵽȥһۣҶĻƻ
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ͯ糿ĺĶ棬һǵʵĺĿеõʲôֻͼϵİο
ĺȻ֪뷨һЦİɣҶǰȫģҸմӵûĻһֱأ˵ţֻҪžû¡
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ĺ˼⣬ԼⱲӾôһͽɲܱȥˣԪҲС
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˳ʦִҵ似ҸܴﵽսʦֵĴ£ǷҲԱ𣡡
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ͬʱɽӭһˡ
Ϊ׵ĺȻԪɵһϣϴɫĳۣһƴĽɫҶԪɵı־
Ψгϼǿ߲ʸϽɫҶࡢ졢ɫѡ
λϴʮµĵӣÿӵؿڶɫҶʾԪɵľӢӡ
ϣսйʦֵϢһӢϻ㱨
ϸѰԲκ©
Ԫɺɶô꣬˫һЩҲк˽⣬еãԪȻҲС
ĵӣÿ˶ڵһյƣ֮ⷢŵ˻֪
ֻһַһֺܵͼķܹռһߵĻǣͱ֮صϵˣƱ̾ͻϨ
ȺҶնɱԪɵϾ֪ˣȻ֪Ǳ˭ɱģǲ²⣬϶Ѳ˸ϵ
ǣǲһϴʮӢҹˡ
ѰʱҶҲϵ⸽ûвǰˣϱӦˣԤСӣǰˣʥ̥ǿߣ콫ڲغˣȻ̽ռбһܣ죡
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Ҷһæ;ڲһïʢ֮УȻһ˾ڵռ֮С
ͬʱԪɳϴżӢӱ㳯Ҷķλе̺ʽ




995 
ԪɳϴʮӢӣɭֽʽѲ飬ҵ˹ƺӵʬ壬ֻʣһ⣬ֻܸݷκЯĶϡ
һУֻΪҶɱǺ󣬱ֱ뿪ˣŨصѪζΧ˹ǵѪ޵ͣ
Ѫζڸ˵ָ·һ㣬ڲѾûΣ֮ЩǷ׷׹ʳ˵Ѫ⡣
ʵϣԪɵĵҲѭѪζҵ˵ʬġ
ˣ˭ɵģҪʬΣ
Ԫɵĳ϶ˣŵͽܣҶԪɷǳҪȻ
ҪǣԪɵĵУӥͽܡ
ۿԼĵӲλϵӶɳѪˣϵš
ѣѣԲܷŹκ˿ڵߣҲҪָҳԪɵĳȵһҪɱ˵ı顣
ӢȻ֪ҵ֣ڳڻͷϣ˭ҲΥֻܴʮֵľ񣬽е̺ʽѲ顣
һѰҶľڱ¶ˡ
ڲص쳣˲ݴУڵʵʵģû¶ֺҲסˡ
ԪɵĳкüζھڵĸѹȥռеҶܹԸӦϢ
ϢԿƿֲ·һһ㣬ûаϢʥ̥ԪɳҲ޷
ҶҲһ亹
ԼֵĻҪԼᱻƳ
֪Ԫûʲôѻ֮а似
عƣϵ߼ûͻƵԪĿܣͻҲԲǿߵĶ֣ΪԪɵĺ԰Ҳ˱Ȼ
ԪɳϴһѰ죬Բ֮ڣеĵط˸顣
Ҷھڵռĵֱ
ҲҶؾڵʱ򣬲صѰкüԪɵľӢǼҪ˾ڣջǺ˹ȥ
ҶһٵҶط֣Լǲ뿪ԭܼ򵥣ԼǰԶͨɵıؾ֮·ϣкüӢӰš
ҶȨһԼսûǲðգһ޷ٵĽЩӢȫɱԪɵĳϸϵĻ֮ˡ
ô죿ҪʼˣһֱضᵢԼμӴ
ʱһһĹȥҶԼ
ռоǶ꣬ɾӢӴҪʼˣԼ޷֮ǰϻȥĻ¾ûвʸˡ
żҲûãʱ˿̣ԲóȻ߳ռ䣬һ֣ھˡ
ϻ֣ܳƾԼ˵ʥ̥ԪɳˣЩӢһ϶мܲˡ
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û취Ȼ߲ˣҶֻܲϵظԼ̣ɳ嶯
һߵһռţͼԼ侲
ȥˣռʱıҶ֮ǰ죬ռʮ졣
ʱУԪɵĳһҲûֹͣѾķΧˣѰĵطä㡣
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ֻϧ֪ҲҶһİȫϵ
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㱨Ԫɵĳüͷ壬ҶѾˣȴûκ֤ܹ֤Ҷš
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ǱˣץãǴһ
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Ԫɵĳϳһ£Ȼ˵ҲеȥʵѾûˣǾѰһΡ
ҶĿеõռͨϢѾǲˣҹҲˣڣ֪ռͨԽԽˡ
ǲģϾԼĵҲÿÿ뵽Щ̲סĸλ󶯡
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Ȼ֪ԼϻȥܷμӾӢӴôֻһ߻ᣬҲҪȡ




996 ڿĻ
Ԫɵ㱨žӢӴھУûΪҶȱϯƳ١
˱ʼһ죬δ壬ѾͷܶˣššӢӡĵӣӪμ
УӢлֳС壬һǵʮ֮⣬ûʸμδľӢӣһǰʮˡ
ݵ֮˶֮ǰĹڵϣȴźλϵĵ
ĵУͯ糿ѰһɫӴĺĿе֪ҶĻƲûϨ˵Ҷš
ֱûлҲ׶༪ˣΪԪʱʱ̶̿뽫ץߣɵΧĻѱԪɵС
ĻҶԶҲزˣ뵽һ㣬ͯ糿絶һ㡣
ЩҶӰѾӡԺС
֪һʲôĸ飬ȴһ취ҲûУڵʵϿѷԪһԱ࣬㡣
һҶԪɵУҪǧˣϾҶɺݺݵԪɵź
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ĺͬǳҶİΣϾҶһӣҲΨһĵӡ
죬ר̵ɽȥѰһȴûκη֣ҶԪɵ˸ץˣҶԸԲܲϻμӱ

뵽бʹҶ˵עѪ˺
ҶпѾԪɵУܲʹ
Ҳ֪ҶԪɵУԼҲܴȥҪˣҼȥҲ϶Ҫϵġ
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ϼУͯƴһڳնСǰĹ㳡ϡ
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ͯưҡҡͷһ󿴵̨һųԸο
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ڿʼ֮ǰͯ٩٩̸˵һףΪµһõͼͼǵĶ־
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ĺޱʯ̨ıԵɨһ̨µʮӢӣǰȡɣ
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ܿ죬ʮȫȡ˱վһԵȺһָʾ
ĺޱΪ˱֤ɵֿΣյʱõģȻˣҪԱǷõĻҲ⡣
÷ղѾ˵ˣҾͲٸһҪǣҲҪʱ߶ģɿΣգϣ鱣ĲʱĻɱǰûǡ
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˴ϵĻλӢӲ׷׵һ󰵰ԼǧܴӣᶪС
ˣſǽȥ
ĺ鲻ˬܶ˵ģҲˣֱͯƻͬλһ𣬿ﲻ֪ߵغСӽȥ



ͯƵͷһ֣Ϻһϸ߿գΧ嶥ϵһʯ׷׳֣һѲķӡ




997 緢
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һ֮ͯһ֣зɳһͭӭ籩ǣһ䷿ôڿУյ˺֡
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998 Ҷ 
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ڴĿУԪһȻߵ֮ͭǰԼӰ֮Ȼ߽ڰеС
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ԪյȷڻϳԽ¶Լһλãıָܴѹ
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ЩΣսٵʱ鱣ҪʱѾˣճΪ޵Ѫʳ
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Ѿǳĵе׵ɫһ䣬֪ϳˣֻӲͷƤʯ̨ϡ
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˶ԺʮУ˭Ҳκβ˭Ϊ˫ڶԷһиóʲôȻأ˭Ҳ˭
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룬ң䣬ǲܵģ
ĵΪ˱סԼλúʹҲƴˣֱȼԪսȻ
ȵľһ̣ʿȼԪһ̣мݵʱʧȥ

׵ĺĵȼԪһ˲䣬ˣһӡؿڣԪ£һֱӽֻ˳ȥ
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ĵû뵽Ȼʱյôã㲻£ֱ⵽شһѪҲʯ̨صԶʯϣǰһڣչȥ
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ʤˣ
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ҶСӻҵĸǣΪôܴӳʦõն似Ӷķޣ
վʯ̨ϵۣһ̨ĽĿ⣬һ߰е⡣
ʱ
ɵɽڳһͦεӰ
ѵĳ;棬Ҷϻˣ




999 Ҷ 
Ҷһ̡
ʱ·ֹˡ
˵Ŀȫһϡ
𾪡㵣ϲ
˵ķӦһ㣡
ǲҶôˣ
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ΪʲôϻأϻĻܿһأ
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෴Ҷǿʵ;˵Ǳ۷ǣǱʶУѾҶ׷ϵĿͳݵż
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ЩҶžϵľӢһֻ
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ɴʱҶȻëûٵվǰǵɫЩ̫Ȼ
Ҳ˵ʲôϾźλ϶أҺԣҶڴϵоǱôϿֻڼӵ˴ϡ
ݳȻҲҪӣǵôϷ쭵Ļɻû˭ѹס
ৣ
ͯƻȻվ˫۾ĿҶƺҪ͸һ㣬еľϲǲεġ
ҶðźԪɳ˺ƤӲģеʧĻһŬ͸ˡ
촽ƶʮּԭΪҶѾԪɵû뵽ȻԼ
Сӡ
ֱӷɹļͷǧŨһ仰ͺãͺð
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˵Ļϲòͬһ㵣ѹûҶع׼
Ҷڹ㳡ϵһ̣ˣȻ㵵ոսΪĵӵȥ
ҲһãȻ;㵣ԴҲ벻ͨΪʲôҶɽɵΧ
ԪɶҶĺ˵ԲŻģҶƫƫͻŻˣ
ԼҲ𰸣粻õĵһۣ漴Ŀߵͯ糿ɨȥ
һͯ糿ǲõЦݺ񣬳һ
Ŀ֮£Ҷ̹Ȼĺʦһˣ˼ҵˡ
ĺοץҶ˫֣ûû£ͺãͺðϷûô£үͲˣȥš
ҶͷͯǰͬҾţ
ͬʱҲͬǵüϷ׷׵ͷͬʱмʣ治ĺСӼ񵽱ˣµ壬ʵûôõĵΪʲôԼأ

Ҷ׵ǰͯ糿ȨǾʺõĻѯһҶʲô¡
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ΪˣͯȻóŮǵС˼ر谮ͯ糿ҲǸһ̨ס
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ͯưһԼͿӢӴʱǰѾˣҶ֪ܲԸ񣬼޷òʸҲ϶ڱʼ֮ǰϻġ
ֱŸϻԣ϶ʲôԽˣԲŵʱ䡣
뵽ͯƺЦҶСĻҲˣҲܺ棬㾿ɽʲôΣգ³ٵôòŸϻ
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ȻԪɵǿѾ㣬ôӹǵ׷ɱģĪץ㣬ȻְŻԵ׵İɣ
ʱһʱ˵Ⱥ𣬶ʱ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ʲô˼
ͯ糿Сǵͨ죬ǲҶġ
ûʲô˼֪ҶԪɵźҶԪɵǿߣҲܹԪɵǿӳ졣
˵ͣһ£εǱ߿һۣŵΨһĽ;ǣҶץסˣΪ˻ѡͶΪ˻ŵڲϢûɱˣ
ɼֱ̫ˣЩԭҶеϲ˶ʱ˳˼֮У˼ֿԡ
޿ܣҵĵ˽⣬ҶıԪץĻԸҲԲͶģ
ؼʱ̣ͦ˵ҶԲͶԪɡ
ҲҶ˵ģıͶĻԲʱֵģҪôڱʼ֮ǰͻˣҪôȵ֮֮ʱֵġ
Ҷ̾˿ߵﶼⲻС˺ı
ڴĺ֮ͦ£ͯƺһڳҲѡҶĻΪҶܱɡ
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鲻ûԼԤķչֻѡ˳Ĭ
ҶĿһۣתͯƺʹĺʵţʦһ£һܲܲμӾӢӴ
ô㻹ҪμӾӢӴͯƺʹĺһ
ԵĻԣ
Ҷ˵ͷһڴ




1000 
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ûźʹ˵ʲô㳡ϱһôЦ
СĪʧķˣȻҪμӾӢӴ
ΪӢӴǾӢӾܲμأ
ûˣʱҲˣ
μӾӢӴ´ΰɣûϷˣ
Ҷ֮󣬼˶ΪҶҪôǵʧķˣҪôء
ǿӢӴҪﵽǰʮвʸ񶼲֪μʲôӢӴֱǳ룡
ĵУһԲʼһˮӣİ֮£Щȴ
һϿ϶ҪԼժɾˣҪԸҶҲԲ˿ģڱϸûаϵ
ߵһЦСƾʲôμӾӢӴٵˣ˱ʱ䣬ҹֵΪ㣬ѵҲʸμӾӢӴɣ
û˶ܲμӾӢӴĻǶӢӹƽ𣿡
ֵΪ㣬һٵˣʲôʸμӾӢӴѵΪǴϵĵӾܹ𣿡
ĵгˣŵӺ;ӢҲĵӡ
һʼʹҶ
ԭܼ򵥣ҶɱԻȡֵ˾Ϊ£ڳһնǿ似
ԭΪҶɣû뵽ȻŻˣһöЩԳ硣
£ȻͻҶôõĻȻŹڮҶԼڳӡмӷ֡
ྲྲﲻǲгֳɺͳ
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ϳ棬Щ۵˲ʧˣÿӵ춼еñȴȶһ仰˵˳ϣԼɾĳԲ˶ˡ
ϻ߳ҶǰŻҶĹؿ㻹죬㣬ӢӴҪֵǰʮ֮ڲܲμӣ㻹ٵˣ̭Ѿˣ㿴
λϲûаѻ˵صĿ˴ϣ˼ЩӦøģΪʲôû˵أ

ԩˣû˵͸˰ҶӦò֪˵ĪаԼܹڹֵϽǰʮɣ
뵽ĺҲҶȥϣҶܹһĽ͡
ȻǴϣҲܵô˵Ȩı˽ΪҶһ
Ҳˡӵϴϵһʹûκˣ
Ҷ
Ҷ˵ҵĹֵǰʮӦú⣬ϣܹᡣ

һＤǧˣֳٴκ䶯ˣ˶֪Ҷ뾫ӢӲµʱ䡣
УһҶڱչжȹģҲ˵ɱ޻ȡֵʱ䲻¶ѡ
̶µʱ䣬ܹ֣Ҳǹֵ嵽ǰʮ֮ڣ
ЩźŵĵӲҶĻЩӢӸǲţһŵؿҶ
ǰҶոս뾫ӢӵУȻͻӢбߣʵǿĵ̫ˣЩʵﵽԪľӢҲ˵Լڶ̶ڳǰʮ֮ڡ
Ҫ֪ЩֵɲһһϦܹܵģǾӢҲǺܳʱŻۻôĹֵ
̶µʱ䣬ҶܹһֵΪ˳ǰʮܹĻǰ޹ˣ
ܣԲһ㣡
һ̣綼ˣҲǴӾӢӹģԣھӢаĹǷǳϤġ
ֵǿɱ޻õģɱ޲ǿʵҪĪɱʲô޾ͻʲô޵ġ
ȻûпȥעǰʮĻ־Ƕ٣Ҳ̫ˣҶҪڶ̶н׷ǲġ
ΪԼڵģҶԼ
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ûҿԿԪûͻƣôܳ嵽ǰʮ
˻һžҶ뾫ӢӲ̶µʱ䡣
ɵĵӣʱŴأһ·߸ͽѾɱ˾Ӣ֮ˡ
ôǿҲڸǲһʵǾҶԾ۵ľ磬ûͻƵԪ
ɱԻùֵķʽɱǿޣɱԽǿõŹֵͻԽࡣ
ʵǿǴ׵
ܶʿɱ޵ʱһǿпܷ޵ʳɱˡ
Ϊʿ֮䣬˺λòһɲģǿ޵ʱҲ׻Ϊɱ
˿Ҷ۵ľ磬ôǿ󣬿ɱҲԪڶѡ
ڴɱԪѾԽսˣɱĲԪڵޡ
һûͻƵԪ̤֮·
Ԫһˮ룬ܶʿϿ˲֪궼޷д
ЩһӶ޷һ޳ɣΪײʿͨǿôһѡ
һ˵ҶܹԽնɱԪޣҲԪڵ޶ѡ
ֻµʱ䣬ɱԪڵޣ¸Ļޡ
˵Ҷ˵ģɽлԪɵǿߣԪɵǿ׷ɱɽӴܡ
ǲɱ޵ģⲻɱޣҪܿޣһ㱻޲סԪǿ߸Ļûаߵϣ
ص·ҲҪ鲻ٵʱ䣬ҶԲܴﵽӢӴҪǰʮʸ
Ǿ󲿷ежϣ
жϣǿҶʱҶϵĵʹЩĵҲеɻ
ƾʲôôе
ѡѵ˵Ĳɣ
һʱ䣬ɻѡ
ȿȡ
ͯƸɿֳգҶΪԪɵ׷ɱԲŵˡŹֵıʮľӢӸߵĻ͸һɣ
ͣһ£ͯƽ˵ǽģλϣΣ
Ÿ߼
ûֻҪĻܹﵽҪһкη
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λϷ׷ױʾû飬ֻҪҶĹֵﵽҪ󣬸һҲǿԵġ
٣ҵҪܹöٹֵЦа˵
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ͯƵĻһ˵ĿȫҶϣȴ޺˺ͼ¼նɱ޹̵ļ¼ֻ




1001 ҶĹֵ
û˵ɺͳЦĿ֮£ҶԼȡ޺ֱӵͯƵǰ

һϼ˸϶һɫʰ쵵޺ˣЩ޺˲ˣƷϸѵá

һĻټ˲䰲˵ĿⶼۼЩ޺ϣ˲䶨
һԵĴĺһҶʹɫкڲҶҲ̫ʵ˰ɣôƷʵ޺ôһӶȥأôҲԼһѽ
ɵСӣͯƣҪɾˣҶܹĵӵУԴһ̶ȵбҲԲô޺
֪ǣҶʵѾõһ֣ȻûнĶ࣬Ʒȴʤ֮
ôĸƷ޺ˣֵͯ۾гһˣһϽ޺ֵʮ˵ܺˡ
ڸ˵ͬʱͯƶҶʵҲоȣΪЩ޺кܶྐྵȻԪڵ޲еġ
˵ʲôҶѾɱԪڵˣ
ҲɵˣԭΪҶܹ൱Щһ޺˾Ѿ˲ˣû뵽ȻϽô޺ˣе޾жٰ
϶ɵˣЩǸһͣ㳡һƬ°ڵϵ
ģô޺ˣЩ޺˵ƷʺͿͷԪڵ޲п
ͯ糿СųOͣòײź£죬૵˵˴ҵ
ͯɫӵĽӹҶļ¼ֻȻֽͭٴ׳ȥǰϿա
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ͯڼ¼ֻעһԪ֮¼ֻҲʼת漴һâͭϡ
ͭϳ˼¼ֻ¼ĳҶνһͷͷ޻еġ
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ĵӰý֮רŵķӳ²ų
¼ֻúʱĽ޼Ҳǽʱĳ¼ȻͭΪӰͶţʵ龰ֵĹܡ
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Щ޵ĹжϳЩ޶ԪΪЩԪڵʵ
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ЩһɥҶУ׳ԼԴȪ޺ˣ
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ģôģȻܹԪڵ޶նɱˣ

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šŵĵӣЩӢӶˣҶ̫ǿˣЩӢӾã㻻ԼҲҶƫƫˡ
ǣĵҲ׷׶ݣԽսŻܹԽնɱȴˡ
ϾԽսԽնɱֲͬĸԽսսʤҲԴƽ֣սܣϾԽս
ԽնɱͲһˣԽսĻѹʽǿֱӽԼ߳һĶֱ£Ѷ̫ˡ
ţţ
һλҡͷ̾ʱնɱԪ֣ⲢѣܶŵŶ
ʱնɱԪޣͲһܹˣҲֻЩǿܴܹһ㡣
ԭܼ򵥣նɱԪ߲ѣΪķۺʵͬȶѷһ
ҶܹԽնɱޱ˵˺ܶ⡣
λϵĻϵĹ׷׵ͷʾͬ˵ͬʱнĺܹôõһӸеޣ׷ۺĺˣһûͽһӱģҲ̫̼˰ɣ
Ǹο͸ˣ˭ĵӣ֮ܶҶԼŵˡ
˽ܳţܲˣ
ͬʱϺͯ˸˷ܵ˫۷Ź⡣
һҶʦһðźԪ˺ֵţҶԽǿԽ֤ԼľǶôǡ
ߵͯ糿ҲˣһʼҶһͷԪڵ޵ʱΪҶеģ˼ҶôԪڵӳ졣
Ȼ
û뵽ҶȻǿսֱӽͷԪڵ޸ˡ
Ҷ̫ˣ
ʵĵطͯ糿̲סΪҶıֽкãСǵͨ죬ŻֵЦݡ
ܴһֵڿҶնɱԪڵ޵ļ¼֮ٿҶбͳݡ
ǿ˵ˣҶܹ۵ʵնɱԪڵޣѾӮǵ𾴺ͳݡ
֪ʲôʱҶǵĿѾȻ˱仯
ʼʱ˭ҲƲҶΪҶʵ̫ؼѾѵʱڣʲôչˡ
Ȼһϵеֿ֮Ѿ˸Եĸı䣬˭Ҳ˵ʲôҶѾʱڣûʲôɳռƨˡ
пĸ˵ľвĵġ
ĵǸҶչ˼ͷԪڵޣɫѿ˼㡣
ߵĹһ˭ҲʱȥùͷŭйԼϡ
һҶĹֵҲڲϵţ֪㳬Խǰʮһڼš
⵽˼㣬ԭΪҶɽû뵽ȴǿƻعˣʲô°
ҶǿܹԽնɱԪڵޣЩǣɳȥһͻԪսﵽʲô̶ȣ
һ뵽ЩһƬôҲ˲
֪䣬¼ֻеļ¼Ѿˣͳһ¹ֵԶԶǰʮһֱǰʮ
ЩûʸμӾӢӴľӢǼֱ
ʲôţŽţ
̶±ۼƹ˹ֵн࣬ȫǵ
Ȼֵ㹻ͯҲûʲô˵ˣҲûʲô˵ˣ׷ĬҶʸμӾӢӴ
ҶͻĹףҾҶԲ˺һ֤
ͯһҶԲμӾӢӴ̭Ѿˣֻˡ
ûйرգͯҲͭˣֱҶ˵һ±Ĺ򣬰Ʒַ
ʱһĲ䵽ߣѹʦ֣⣬СȻܹԽնɱޣ˷˼Σʢص¶Ӳţҵļ¼ôױƵġ
һӲţԻЩ޵Уͷİɣ߳ˣأԹһأ
ĻɫźÿһЩڴҶɥ




1002 
Ҷһöţ
ʱһ߹΢ЦŽһöݸҶȻ󽲽Ᵽ;÷˼壬ܹסĶ޷ΣգҪӲţֻҪ鱣ͻһ⽫дͳ𣿡
ţлл
Ҷͷ׼ȥĺס
Ҷո˵ɶˣ޷սʤΣգǧ򲻿ɳǿֻҪòУ鱣󣡡
ǰҶ磬ǧܳκ⣬ɼûûϵ򲻿ɳǿĺĻͯ糿߹Ҷѵ
Ҷһů֪˿̣Ŷһ˿Уô˹Լİȫܸж
С磬ʦǷİɣҶˡ
Ҷ˵꣬ĺһŪĺһ㵣֪ҶΪʲôд˾٣
ʦ˼ҷģͽʧģ
ûнͣҶ𣬰ͦصȥ
ҶǰؿıӰĺгοԺ
ΪôûκһϿҶš
ʵϣĺ֮ҶΪͽһǿҶ˵츳αҶŭǾ仰ʱĵʶ
ĺԼʱľǶôȷҶֻ֮֮ǰȫûˡ
ҶʵǱԿЩţɱȻҶӰ·һͳԪݶΡ
ȻˣĺҲףڴ֮ǰԼҪıǱ֤Ҷ˳سɳزˡ
ز˵ţôҲûá
ҶᶨıӰĺа˵ͽ֪޷ΪĵӣֻҪͻﵽԪΪʦƴȥҲҪΪȡһεĺĵӴ
ߣװӰˣҸҴģȥ󲻾ͻģ˭ҸҶģ
Ҷȥʱʱ˵ٴһС˵־ļЦ
Ҹģ˵ʲôɣ
ʱͯ糿һǰһ˪ŭ
ͯ糿Ŀɷӣʱս֪λŵǧʵֲԼΪͲĶ֡
һ˵ԼܹսʤҲְܶñˣͻʰ
һʱ䣬˽ѵľء
ҲǾ͸û˵ʲôתء
һתȻĵʦ㣬ͶһµԴˣˣ¸µԴȫ㣬Ҫأ
ãҪ¸µԴҲȫ㣡
ͯ糿Ͼᣬ˼ʵֶľֱռűأǸոսĵ֣֮Դб¸µԴҲԲ̫ࡣ
ͯ糿Ͳͬˣͯ糿Ǻĵӣŵ飬Դһոսĵӵ۸һϡ
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˵ϣҲˣֻӲͷƤⳡľ֡
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ĺߣҵĵӴģʦ֪ܲܲɣˣ֤ô
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Ҷ֪Լ϶ǽνУû뵽оȻľɫ
ϸϸ鿴һ£һСռ䣬ҲԳһ磬͵ϵʥСռС
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鿴һ֮ҶûмȥѰޣϤһĻȻһȫնɱ
Ҳûʲôʱƣնɱˣؼһʱ
ңԪԱŨҶɣĳһԪ۵ԴҺĵط
ôõĵطһʱ̫˷ˣ
֪Ҷ˿̵뷨ƻѪĳ嶯ɽûκһĳء
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Ϥһ»֮ҶʼĿĵǰȥĿɱޣСռУ²ԼȥңЩ޾ͻԶԼˡ
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żȴʼżˣҶеڣѾһյʱֹȥˣĻԾûа仯֡
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ųӵĻ£˿ҶĻַ˱仯




1003 ֿ
ʵһ΢ʥأֻȵϵЩʥС˺ܶࡣ
ȸСȫҲˣȻռδرȵϵʥش󣬵ǸֵξɫʲôĵǺȫ
Ҷǰ˴Լǧ֮˵һޣһȺͷԪڵޡ
˵޴ﵽԪ֮ǶкϻնģҶһʼһ޼塣
һɽޣο󣬵ȴ˺ܶ࣬嶼һͷţһ
޴ﵽԪ֮ʵһҲֻǲ֪عô£ޣҶûмһͷܹεģͷɽҲͬˣԱֵ̬ġ
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ЩɽóıǴ򶴣ܹǧףԪڵҲֻܸɵۡ
֮ǰ˲ٵʿЩʿʵǳǿ㹻ǲв
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ΪӱϿҶΪѣԶûдﵽܹвǵĵز
ڡߡǰչʾһԼǿЩɽǻǷǳġ
ҶվһƬտĲݵϣΧĻĲֻɽֳ߸ͬķ򣬴ΧŹ
֨֨
ֻɽ޾ٸҶʱ䣬ǼܹԵѪ⡣
κ˵ѪⶼһȻ󲹵Ķ̺Ӵ
ಡ
˻ֻɽͬʱҶ˹
ȻѾʹ޼ûҪԸһԼ绹͵ʿһȺŹ޼ֱ˷ѡ
ǸԸøԭʼѪȵķս
ҶҲǵԸ
ۡ
ҶһȭӳֱӽһͷɽԴˣѪԽĴɽĻ档
֨
漴ҶͣȭŲʩһţֱӽһͷɽ߶ˣҽΧ
顭
һҶսֻһֻɽÿ죬һƲȴԼͬ飬ȿˡ
ݡ
ۣ
ҶûзŹһһҶɵ⣬գۼ佫ͷɽͷ­ˣһѪꡣ
ӿʼ̶Ϣʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ͷʵԪڵɽˡ
Ҷͷɽ޺ȡĬĬһ»ٴǰȥ
һ·ϣҶɱͷޣּ
֮ͭϣҶĻڷţܿﵽ˿ֲʮ֣һص
ЦҶֱøЩ䳰ȷһķ
ͯƺҲǰͷҶıֵȷʮѾһˮˡ
Ҫ֪ʮӢν󣬶ʮҲʮֶѡ
˵ҶʱҲ㹻Ժˣ
Ϊոս뾫Ӣµʱ䣬ھӢӴмǰʮѾǳѵˡ
ΨһϵɫôÿǾʦʦ߳ϣ
Ȼûʲô˽ģҲϣԼͽʤģ˭ҲԸԼĵ˺
ο֮ǰıֵĵȷȷǿȦɵģѾռһսĵһʤɹںĵ֮С
ҶĵĪͯ糿ˣĻһ·ͯ糿кһϲ֮Ա
ǵô˵棬Ҫ˼ֵ̫ԵĻͯ糿ΪҶʹ
Ȼ֪ǺٴҶҲţҶһܹӦԼƬĵġ
пĵľвĵģһϲҳ
棬ĵĵȻҪˣǵɫüܵˮ
ǳ磬ڿͯ糿ΪҶĻǶ˷ܵӣ޵üҧڸ
ɵӣȻܹͯ糿Ǳıζʲô
֪Ҷͯ糿Բܸɫģ˺ٻصǰ޼״̬ˡ
һеһУҶ
ڳҶǣжд̣һ첻ȥһ첻
ʮ֮ҶĻǵٶҲԽˣû֮ǰͷȥ鷳
ʵȷˣУҶһͷ״ޡ
Ԫڵߣʵʮǿᣬó͵ϮҶһ⧲ش
˿̣ڸ˵£ں޽зɱ޷֮ǰһڶʱڽɱʶٶȱˡ
Ҷ磬ɣǧҪǿ
ͯ糿зǳìܣϣҶܹ漣ٴԻͣΪӢӵһˣͬʱвϣκΣա
ҲǴӾӢһģȻͯƵ飬ϣͯһҲûйûиκζİ
ͯ糿֮ԽܹվںĵӵУȫԼƴܶĽ
ΪˣҲ֪еЩжôΣպͿֲ
ҶľͣʵսȴĿãܹɽлɱԪڵǿѾ˵⡣
Ȼ
ңȫҶǧҪʲôΣգһ޷սʤޣһҪǵ鱣
ϽĵӣòιȥҶʲôã۳࣬ԼԲ
ʵ
Ǿ͸ûˣҶѣԼȴԪ۷壬պʥ̥ǰ϶ġ
۱
ҶûԼȡ
䣿
ҶԼ߳һأǵƣơ
۴ĸ濴綼ԼҶ̫ˣͯ糿ƫƫͶҶжӣԼٴɫ
ܲеޱȵѻ
޲Զ֣һƽҶ촷۲Žͷ֮ޣ
ʦ֣ǰĻֳÿ죬ҹƿΪʵԽޡ
ۿһˬ˵޵Χʵǿ޵ĻԲɣ෴Σգ
ѡŵĻٺ١
ûм˵ȥ˼ȴԵı˳
Ҷʵǿѡĵ׵ĻԻɥ




1004 Ҫǿ
ô˵أ
Ȼ˵Ҷͯ糿ʱŭˣһ˪ߵǰҶǰɣ
ͯʦ㣬ҲǸ˼
һղѹúܵͣȴû뵽ͯ糿ˡ˱˻û£ͯ糿³Ҳ
㲻˼ʲô˼ͯ糿ƣеŭ𼸺ܽճɻҽ
ҡ
ͷ亹һݵͯ糿ŭıз·ͿӣʲôҲ벻ˡ
ˣҶĻֳɣ˵ǲǣͯ糿еɷ壬ͯ糿һеĳ֡
ͯ糿ɱҲǱһٶѣԼͰˡ
в£ںʹһ㣬ǿͯʦ㣬֪ҲǸ˼ֻʵʵ˵ѣҶƢ㲻ǲ֪ѵ˵𣿡
㡭
ͯ糿Ϊ֮ᣬ޵뱩һ٣ȴĻ
ȷҶԴӽɺȷֳ˲Ը
һҶ֮ǰԽɭ֣ɱ޻ȡɹֵþӢӴĲʸܿ
ҶľȻʵѾ˿ѷκξӢӡ
£ͯ糿ҲãҶпΪһһУǿкеĵס
Ҷ̫Ҫǿˣȥɲðâ̫¶ۣ
û̫ǿˣ֪ȥԴġ
˿ܹĹҲаֻǿôһ·˳ȥһΣվͻɥĹĻᶼûˡ
ͬʱˣͯƺʹĺڣΪҶ̫Ҫǿˡ
ʦ֣ͽ̫ҪǿˣҪúõĽ̵һаͯ˴ĺһۣŵ
ĺЦŵͷ֪ˣĻһúý̵ҪôҪǿ
ҶҪǿĺΪԼĽ̵ǷֲģһʼûҶ͵
ĺΪԼΪɵĴϣҶԼΨһĵӣȻҪѹȺˡ
Ȼ֮ǰŵӴУҲ˵ֻҪ˭սʤҶͿȡΪԼĵӵĻˡ
ıҶ·񣬿ºˣΪҶԺİȫΣ֮ҪҶú̸̸ˡ
ŵӺŵҲڷ׷ţҶǰڵĻ̫ˣҲͬĻ
̫˳˳ˮȻҶһµһûĴ
̬£ҶпĻеĵס
վ۷ľ磬ܹͻƣпܻС
ǰѾԭӢӵһѾΪҪһ϶ñе顣
ΪҶӲŵ׵ĻյĽֿºͶԪջһҲС
ЩѾľӢӺͺĵҲΪĻȻ˵㣬Ҳȷʵ
Ҷ磬ǧܳ°
ͯ糿һٵĵطĬĬעͭҶӰµĻĬĬš

УҶѪȾսۣͷ϶ѾɺԵѪŴ̱ǵѪζ·йɱһ㡣
ߣͷ״һڵϣ׳ԴѾһѪ޺Ѿȡˡ
һƬǽ壬ǴսĺۼԲѾݲеĲˡ
ϣѺݺύϵӵʯʾôҵս
һսҶҲʤͷ޾ȻԪеİʵǿ󣬶һʼ͵Ϯս
£ҶҲǶ˰ȭеɱСȭ¡ǿУмķһֽš
΢Ϣһ֮ҶһˮĵطϴһϵѪۣȻϢһ
ƬСռԪŨֲǳḻɽУһŨ˵Сһ㡣
ҶĻѾ˴ľ飬ǲҲˮԴ
ɽ֮кܶӲȳСֻҪޣͱضˮ˳ǲȳСߣ϶ܹҵˮԴ
ͷһ޾͸ָһȥˮԴ·Ҷ˳ͷ޲ȳ·ܿһССٲ֮ǰ
ҶޣȻСȴСмٲ߰ףȴֱС
ٲ֮һСˮ̶ٲ£ɫ˻ڶϽǴһڣ̶ˮȥγһСӡ
Ҷ̶ˮУϴȥһѪۺͺζϰ֮˹ϵ·ڲС̶һˮڡ
̶ˮд˿˿ҶãȵЩʮǮһƿĿȪˮúȶˡ
໺𡭡
Ҷ׼ȥʱͻȻ߶ͷޣһͷ״Ŵƣϲ˳ªĸ񣬷·ʲô䶯ţġ
һͷҶͬʶǿһֻŴӣϸȣһ͸ĳ
Ҷеֲǣⶫ쾹ȻһԼһ׵ļ̣ǳ
ͷϴĲҶɣͷԪڵޡ
һ֪ͷ޾ʲô޼Ҷ˲е˼֡
ΪзڣӲģֻӲƴ
ͷ໥䱸ӣҲô޼ģ͸ҶһƵĻᡣ
Ȼս޷⣬Ҷȷˣһһ

뵽ҶȻѣͬһȼһȭ£ǿƺͷһķޡ
ݡ
ͬʱҶһҶɵ߲ɫĵâƷһȥ
ʮָһָ
ҶһȫԸһޣһ
ˡ
ͷһ߷ɣϣܹһ٣ͬʱӼһĿһĶֱҶؿȥ
飡
Ҷ֪ʲôȻУһ㿪ֱĶͬʱȭâԪݺݵͷ޵Դϡ
ۡ
죬ͷһ޻ûüߣ㱻ҶһȭԴϣɵҲѪ
ಣ
ͬʱͷһ޾ȻϵĸмһɫĶ
ҶӲûʲôգۼһ޵С
Ĳһӽͷһ޳ˣ
⡭Ҷʮ𾪣
Ϊףͷһ޻Լ͵Ϯͬ࣡
࣬лл㣬ĻҲܵõ޺ˡ
ͷһ޿Ҷ˵ֵˣѪ⣬ͬ޺ǿˡ
ಣ
Ļ£ͷһޣͻȻһɫĶֱӻصͷϡ
ҶˣǾȻǡ




1005 ͬʱɱ
һϼȥľȻһһ߳ȣлһöȭͷ޺ˡ
⡭
Ҷʵһ
ֻϾȻȣֱ˷˼
һ̣ҶҲ֪ˣ͹ĸΪʲô䶯лˡ
л桭
Ҷû뵽ԼϵޣǴǧ磬治Уǿ۽ˡ

Ҷתʱͷһ޿ʼ˹޴Ļ̌ʮױҶȥ
Ԫ˲һСɽСĽ룬Ҷͷ¡
ɱң㻹У
ҶһУӰʩչһ磬ֱѳСɽСԪ룬һȭıǶ˴ȥ
ݣ
һ޷·֪ҶôԼһ죬ճҺҶȥ
ԹһοҶرСģỬѹģû˿㡣
ҶҲ£ȭâݺݵĺ³ײһ
䡭
һ죬Ҷ˿µĴѿݺύѺۣͷһǱǿķһֽеˮ̶С
ͷ޲öԸҶȽŵһߣлʰ˿̣ܽʱ˷
ҶѾӦͷԪڵ߸Ϲ֪Ƿսˮġ
ߵʱҶп֮ǰԼվĵطҲһ޿ĶĵѾڻһӣȻֱֻһߣѾﵽףһڲϵ¸ʴš
~
һĻҶɵõһԼʱ㿪ˣֲĸʴ¾ԼĻâҲδؿԵס
һƺҲ֪ҶöԸˮ֮Ҳû֪ˮ׵Ķˡ
һӺҶһտĵطס˸ϹͷԪڵޡ
ͷһ壬ɫʰ߰ߵͻӵݡ
֮⣬Ҷ֣ͷͻ޾Ȼڵ;˵Ľݻÿһͷݻ촽ֱָʣɭȻֲ
໺𡭡
ͷݻ޺һҶȥͼǰ˺ƬΪǿθĵġ
ϧǷ֮ǰͷɽͬĴΪҶѣȲ̫ˡ
֮ǰͷɽΪСҶ¼屻
ڣͷݻֵΣ


Ҷ˫ȭӣ˰ȭеǿɱУȭ£ѪԪںϣ˲ŷ
飡
죬ͷݻŴҶһȭС
ʣµͷݻ֣Ҳ뵽ԭΪֵֻﾹȻǿ
һ˲䣬˺λñ㷢˸Եת䣡
~
֮еͷݻûоߣǳڱܣһͬʱҶɱ
飡
飡
ɱʽķ˶Ҷ˵ûκ壬죬Ҷͷݻɱ
ͬԽնɱԪڵ̽ȡƹһ򵥡
֮⣬ҶĻһһķ֣ﵽ˿ֲʮķ֣Ƿ˶ݡ
Ļôһķ֣
š׷ʲôѵͬʱɱͷԪڵ޲ɣ
ҲпͬʱɱͷԪڵޣ
⡭ôܣ
ҶĻٴٴ𶯣
Դ˶ԣȫҶͬʱɱͷԪڵޣ
Ȼ֮ǰļ¼ֻпҶɱԪ޵龰ɱһͷԪڵ޺ͻɱͷԲͬһ
㲻ͬʱɱͷԪڵޣͬʱɱͷԪڵޣҲɵˡ
~
ͯƺһڳǵһ֪һежôǿһԪľӢӣնɱһͷԪڵ޾û⣬ͬʱɱͷָ
Ҷֻ
̥ǹ̥
һλ˵˴ҵﻰ
ܹͬʱɱͷԪ޵ʿǹ̥ʲô
ŵӺŵѾˣŹȥ೤ʱ䣿ҶսȻѾﵽ˿ֲĵزֱҪˡ
ܣⲻܡ
μ˾ӢӴȡǰʮɼľӢһǷһͷҡ˹ģôҲǰһġ
ĵҲ𾪲ѣͬʱɱͷԪڵޣǣҲҪһ򣬶Ҷգ֮ɵģ
ҿҪЧģ
˽Ծ̾ʱٴηڲͬĿ
ʲô˼
˶֪Ϊʲô˵ڵȴһĽ͡
һȻһˣһӣƺڵűʡ
ͯ΢üϳɾȻῴǵ㻨ӣҪʱͯ糿ͻȻվ
˵ƾʲô˵ҶҪЧģĺ
Ҫǲ˵ӳîҶ㲻
ͯ糿һ࣬ݲõľǱ˹ڮҶŭ
ţͯ糿뵽ʲôһһЦҲˣ֮ǰǿǴĵģ˵Ҷȥ󲻾þͻ㿴ĻѾǰʮû¸Դȫˡ
žણ
һӿһµԴ˵ûûˡ
ʱ˿̣ѾҶ޵˹
Ҳ룬ҶĻҲڴˣҶԼģԹñˡ
˵ɣ
ʱ򣬴ĺϬʵһϡ
ţ
һһҵͯ糿Ϊͯ糿İôԴϣɲǿӲȥˡ
˭֪ĺ̳ԣܸһĽͣ´ϻᵱϵŶ˵ʲô
£ǿһĭٵ֯һԣģһߣͬʱɱͷԪޣΪ𣿡
ΪܿԪڵ޻ˣȴȡڻܵͷ֮ͳһɱӶԵЧ
ҲҪˣ֮ǰܳʱĻֶûжѵûһͷ𣿡
һԼ뷨˵˳
ţ
һ׷˼ֿԡ




1006 Ӳţ
޳֮˲Żĵ뷨ţҶͲҪ
ͯ糿мڸһʶҲ˵Էֻ˵һߣ۲Ĳ
ҲҶûҪϾ˲֮ûκκô
ڱ˺ѪޣҶԴ㶺ˣԲ
ҶԴȻû㶺˿̣СռԡѪƴɱţһͷͷ޵ȭ֮¡
µԽԽ࣬ĻҲһ·š
ǰʮʼһ·ˣմﵽ˿ֲʮ֣λǰ
ľһص˶һŵӣвʹԼ۾Լˡ
ɫ࣬һԲվںĵӵĶУ˫Բһ˫ȭͷ߬Ĺǽڱ졣
ոսĵӵϻģڲǰҶʵڹ㡣
գۼ䣬ҶʵжݺݵĴƣðǣһѪ
漣Ҷ漣
ͯ૵˵˫ҼʳĹâ
ҪΪԼӢ߶ˣҿѹҶˣͷһˡ
ΪھӢӴдǰȻ˵Ǻߡǰ޹ˡ
ҿһ֣ûнҶԪɣǾͷһˣ
Ҳ׷׵ͷʾͯƵ۵ϿɣͬʱССһƨ
ȻǳϣݵλǳȻǻеӣͯƸùϵбҪġ
ÿ϶ԸƧǶͯƣͬٴɫ
УҶ鷳ڽɱ˴֮ŨҵѪζ˴ޡ
Щ޴ԪڵΪҲмͷԪڵ޼棬ʮͷ
ֲݣҶҲֻĶӣûֻҪһͷ޲סȴľ
ҶҲǺĿĵСռУ䵥ޣʵҲһ㡣
ҶĹУһЩɱ
һԶݡ
ҶԲκ޾һķֱӽ޺̻š
ʮͷֻиԻҵķݶЩҶɱ޵ʬ嵹ǳǵʳ
޾ޣʲôʱǶܹ࣬γɾˣҶû
УҶĻĻ
ɫںÿһЩյȭͷҲɿˣʮ֣Ҷƾʲôﵽ
ȴǷǳţȻҶĻĻ֪ܴܲԼļ¼
ҶڶѾֻʣˣһҶͻƣǿɾвĵλˡ
ҶֱõˣôڻûΣգ˲ҲʡҶ𣿡
˿̣аͲҶеֱ˺ˣаҶΣա
ͳǲͬǣŵӻŵӣѾû˼ʣֻϣҶܹٴ漣ڶ
һ˱һĻǻἵʵۺ죬޲öԷһ˱̫ĻǾ᲻𼵶ʵˡ
ͨͺھӣǮֲرǮͲҳʲô²źãܹò
һ׸Ļ᲻𼵶ˣʣµֻгݺͰͽᡣ
Щźŵĵǵ˼
֮ǰǲΪҶǿ٣ֻðˣԻἵʣڣҶѾչʾǿʵǷʲˣ˳׵׵ĳݡ
ЩûʸμӾӢӴĵӣҲʼҶˡ
ô˵һߣܹԽնɱԪѾǳˡ
ҶȻܹƾΪӲɱǰ漣
ǿߣǲԼϾҶҲǵеһԱҶʵԽǿǾԽӡ
СӣֱǸôˣ
ͯƲɵøпԼʱҲһ㡣
ҵϣ鱣ôʱɱʣʵ΢ѾɱˣʣµĶʵǿޣֻҪвп档
һɫؿڰԾɲתŵ籦˵
ͯ糿ҧ촽һģȻϣҶܹٴ漣Ҳ֪漣֮ԱΪ漣ΪԴ죬Ҷܹһ漣Ѿǳѵˣ봴ڶ漣ƺѡ
ĵľҶ˵ǿޣ֪鱣ѡĵס
ĻǴٶ漣ҲûãעС
֮ǰѾоӢаеĵһ˶ԪգΪ޵צ֮£ɲϣҶصԪյĸޡ
ڣҲûһ취Ҷ˭Ҳ޷ΪҲӰ첻Ŀռ䡣
Ҷ磬ˣɣһһûϵ㻹лᣬкܶܶĻᣬҪΪһԼ֮˰
ͯ糿˫ֺʮϵţλ۶ˣϣڤڤбҶƽ
Ȼ෴ǣ޲̿Ҷ
ΪţֻҪҶˣͯ糿һصߡ
ȻͲҶУȴһҲֳʼһӣ·Ҷ漣ҲܸƵġ
ҶֵܹȻȻ˾Ӣǰǰδе漣ĿԴɣţҶֵһǿ漣˵
ϿϣҶܹٴѼ
ʵĵ뷨ǣҶһֱɱȥսʤ޵ġ
ĵһУɲֻԪںڵޣԪںԪ۷޴ڡ
ֻҪҶһͷԪڻԪ۷ޣɣ
ոսΪĵӵ֪˼촽΢΢˼£þߵĴܹĵĶԳ˵ʦ֣ģ϶Ԫڡ۷徳ĵ׵ģʱɣ
װӣһۣ΢ɲصͷʾԼˡ
ղűҶʵжݺݵĴһʱִЦҶӲŵ׵ĻɡУɱ޿ɲֹһͷкܶࡣ
ĻҲĬˣȻʼչ²˵Ҳʵ




1007 սȺ
СռУҶٴΣУһͷͻƵԪڵ֮󣬱֮ǰһһԶݡ
û뵽ͷΣյһɲǾȻͻˣסƬ̣ʮͷֱӽΧ
~
ʮͷޣŭɱ졣
ʮͷǿޣҶнп಻ûñ
ɱ
ڱΧסһ˲䣬ҶһХͬʱȼգ˫ʱһƬֲİɫ·ûͫһ㡣
һͷڷʱѪɫһɿֲϢɢֱڶʱս
飡
飡
˫ȭչҶȭŲʩÿһȭпֲ˲佫ͷɱ޻ɱ
Щ޲һ֣Ǹ޶УǻҰܣкܶҶδΪδţͽвޡ
û뵽ЩƽʱԶ޾ȻһҶһڵʥӿ޳ʱսĸо
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±˿ԼҶɱ⣬æĿת𴦣аŰɣսһÿģ
ӦԷɱ֮Ҷһĥǰͳվýס
ڳǵС̻ΪŮԴ׵飬ڵϵʱͼˡ
ҪԷٵ׼
Ҷаһ䣬սϲ֡




1011 ս
г֮Ҷڴϵİ£ڸչصСϢһ¡
ᣬͯƺһڳһ±һڹ㳡ϵһʯ
֮ͭһλֽ̨ٴμӹһ
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ȶҶʱʱʯ̨Ѿ̻˲֪ٵ󷨣ֿܵ˴սʱĹˡ
λ̨
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֮öⳡԭܼ򵥣ϾԲǺʵѡΪĺҶʦеʱʧƫġ
Ϊ˱ӣеλø˶ϣ߳һ
߳ʦλĵӵʦһҲΪ໥ලԼĵӱʱԷС
ڣ˵һսĹ򣡡
ɨһۣһսͱս˫ԸģĹʲôĻ
бĹأҲܹǿĸеλöһɲģֻҪܹսʤλߵĵӣս
㽫սˣôλþģǴӴַݱģʵǵλĵһϡ
ڶожԷ䣬һԷ䣬ʤһ׷ȡʸ񡣡
ϽĹ˵꣬Ҷ˵𣿡
ˣ
ͬĻش
ǺãҶĵսսʽʼ
˵ֱ꣬գڿй۲˵ս
ʵЩ࣬ΪֻҪһ䣬Ҫȥǵһ֮һʤһղסֵĻֹܹһ¡
ͣſ£
һ߶ѣƾʲôս磬ѿѣ
ҲһжŲ˾ͻᱻܵģ
õģܹӢӵһλãƾĲǸ˵ʵͬʱҲһЩֶΣӵҲ١
˿һҪʼˣЩ˶ԼͬĴɤΪʹ
ӵȻ࣬ҶھӢӴеıѾΪӮ˴˵ĳݡ
Ҷʤ
˿һӵǴҶЩҶ˲ˣ׷ԸɤΪҶ͡
ͯ糿עĿǧͦҶܿ˴͵
һʱ䣬սûʼ˫ӵ߱۸첲ӿս˼ˡ
ϳгһ̲ͯסü
ྲྲﵱʲôˣ󳳴еģɺͳٳȫһ꣡
һλʵȥˣӵ۵һͨвʱѹȥˡ
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ҶЦˣҲ˲佫£һȭ£ݺݵȥ

ȭһ룬ȻһԪҶȭ뵽ȭͷУһʵȭâХź
ţҶһȭֱ̫ԵˣȻܹԪˡ
ѹܹΪնɱԪڵޣǿĹֱǿֲ
սȫҶԾصһȭˣôҲû뵽ҶȻܹ˿ֲһȭ
ЩӢӺͺĵˣΧΧ۵ĳϺͯƶ׷׶ݡ
ظоҶһȭжȻвǣܹһȭѾǵ֪
Ҷ
гԺƵ⣬Ҷ似ԲеģԴﵽ߽׵ĳ̶ȣԲһ߱˿ֲս
ʱ·𶨸һ㣬ĺȲѡ
Ȼ֪ҶӵһֲֿļҴ似ܹ޶ȵķӳ
ҲǵһμҶ˿ֲһȭ
Ϊý飬ؼԪ빥ǿ似
һ̣ãҶļпһûĹϼ壬ôӵ˿ֲ似
ѱԺеļ䣬ҲûճκһҶǿ˵ʷϾûҶǿߣɶԷóľԲҶΪ
Ҷִ似ţ༰ڰ˸Ӵŵ֡
ȺУڣǹһյЦݣȻҶǿսҲеԾ
ʵϾ߲һȼģҶѣѾҲսʤĵһںĵӵС
֪Լڸ似ǿֻҪʩչ似ҶԲǶ֣пܱһ
ʱҶĻᶼûУǴҲ˵ʲô
˵ˣҲǰ涥ףֻҪװʲô֪ˡ
˼žУ˭Ҳû˵˫۾ҶŰԵ˫һȭϡ
ôֵأ
ȻľҶ߶ˣҶʵԾĹ̥սʤ
Щ֪ɱﵵĵǷ׷ײ²ʲô似Ҷһȭ
ǿҪôԱâҪôȫԸȭеǿһӲӲ
˫սϾ뽺ŵ״̬ȻǸչѧȥʤ
ΪǺȭȻɾѧȴܹ֮Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ȭʵģʱľ磬ܹҶԾصһȭƽѾǳˡ
һУ˵ܳʵϾڵʯ֮䡣
Ҷȭһ˲䣬Ҳˡ
֮飬ҲԣҾʶһʵɣ
һƶ䣬һɳɷɢ
죡
䣬ȭӣ
ɱﵣնеɱС죡
һȭΧĿ·ȼɫ̿һͨ졣
ţȭͷҲ˺ɫ·һһһ㣬ֱҶȥȫҶĹ
ҶȭâԼ֮ǰҶɱ
ֻҪҶɱˣҶȭâʧȥƣȻɢ
ϻһƵףȻƷǺܾ˵ģŵҶһȭ⡣
з·Ҫȼһ㣬¶Ȼߣܽ˵·ȼˣɼնжôǿ
䣡
һ죬ȭͷصĻҶؿڣֱӽɳȥصˤʯ̨ϡ
ۡ
ҶһһѪ
һȭˣ
ҲҶǰԾصһȭõڵأ޷׷Ҷȭ̺




1012 ͣ
һҶˣ·磡
ȫѻȸ
û˻뵽ҶĶԾһƿʼ
ֳϵĽ˶סˣ
һӦľǱĲУϣֱҶߣѸٲ鿴һҶƣҶȻˣŷ
һҲӦ˹׷׾ȣôն׵似أ
Ҫ֪նףǵؼ似֮ǿ似ˣ˵ոսĵӵУûüôôǿ似
⣬սĵһʱûжžɼжô̡
ֱ˿̣ͻȻʩչǿ似ҪҶһɱģû뵽ҶȻôǿ󣬾ȻӲһնû
⻹ô򰡣ӵնǿ似Ҷûаʤ㡣
̨µڵǷ׷ۣΪҶٴˣ۾磬ûȣʵӵնѹ
ЩӿͻȻóɱûҶɱѾǽˣҶսȥ塪Ѿ˵Ķˣ
û뵽Ȼ˵̣ʵսĵһʱնĻһоֳܷʤˣ
кĵ̲סֱ̫̾ˣѶԸģ˭Ҳ֪ĵʲô
̫ˣ
ͯ糿ǵͨ죬һеʯ̨ⲻսѣ㾹Ȼնǿ似Ǻξģ
εشͯʦãô˵Ҳ֪ӢӽĵжѣȻҪսңȻҪȫԸˣĻҽʧȥĵӵλá
㡭
ͯ糿ûָָҲŲǽƱ磬ôǿ似ԸһûнԪˣɱڣ
ͯʦãô˵
ɫҲҶȻʵսԲκһԪľӢӡղŵ龰ҲˣҲǿ似ĻڵϵĿ¾ˣΪԱʩչնôˣ
ߣ
۶죬Сҽ̼ϵͯ糿໰˵ôƤĶ֣㱻˵ˣֻһ˦֣ʯ̨
Ҫȥ˵£
Ϊ֪ͯȻΪһţΪ˱ֹƽԲµģֻҴϡ
١
Ц϶ͯ糿ڱлҶоˬ
Ҳ֪ûлɱҶĻˣڶڣϾԲֵġ
һ㣬㲻ɫվԭأȴŶ
٣ĵԽˤԽң
ĵȺУ΢΢ͷͨмΪʹ졣
ԭΪܹҶһɱţû뵽ҶĿȻôǿӲһ쾹Ȼûֻ˶ѡ
һϧ
еϧͬʱҲ֪жڣѾʧȥٴγֵĻᡣ
ȻûܽҶɱеǳźҶ˵أоһˬ
̨֮ϣҶſڵϣ·ð̣󽹺ζ·ǳҵһȭص·ȼˡ
˿̣˻棬ڱһȭ̺ĻϮ𶾲ϵʴ塣
ھǿټд֮޸ܻ𶾵ĥ
ϣ𣿡
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ʵǶһ٣ֻҪϹӣ˭ܿҶѾˣûټȥˣô˵޷ϣϾѡ
Ȼˣ˵ԼĻҲԣÿԳὫҶɱˣһݣ󻼣
ĺһۣ˿ܹҶֻдˣϣϳֹⳡôԼ˭Ҳ˸ϡ
ĺһʯ̨ϣҶߣСɣˣն㲻սʤģ
ҲȰҶ䣬Զ϶Ҷ϶ĺĻġ
ǣԶϱ׼жҶ䣬ʤʽΪĵӡ
ȵȣϣûأ
ǿҪҶѵشӵֹ
ôѵ㻹Ҫȥ
Զɴ۾ۿҶһŵӣҶڵ״̬ܼ
һҶܼ֣£ѾûˣǼȥҶҲŰûκη̵ϣˡ
Ҷϣ㿼Ǳ۵ģڵ״̬ʺټˣҿκʤ㣬ٱȥֻ裬бɱķգɣ
зһҶ֮Ĳ࣬ҡҡͷҶȰ
ϣһ̣¹˭ֻ˵ءҶҡͷ˵
ţ
ҶĻҶǼᶨı飬Զ΢΢üͷ֪ΪҶĶײ죬Ҷʶʱá
һԲҶˣ潻ϡ
ҶȻҪѵʲôɱﵲɣ
ҲΪκϣҪ֪նһ似ܹԪתΪԪص似ǳǿûκʤ㣡
ģҪԼ˭ҲȲ˵£սⲻʲô
ûʵǺܺ棬ʲô֧սȥѵʲôƲɣ
δУɼΣ
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һ˲䣬˶ۡ
˶֪Ҷƾʲô˵£սӵն
һ似޶ȵķԪԸķ߶մﵽγǿ󹥻
Ȼ
֮⣬һЩ似ܹԪͨ似תΪǿԪع
似ǳȻɱնһ㣬ܹͽԪתΪԪأ棬ɱ
ľˮԪع磬ԣܹսԪתΪԪص似ǿ似
Ҫ꣬ҪˣҪסģ
аЦ鳬ˬû뵽ҶȻ»ֱⲻʲô
Ц֮࣬ʯ̨ϵĴ˸ɫڽıоɱ֣Ҷе
ҶѾˣʵȻۿۣûʲôˣսڣŰɱҶһ
ΪҲҶκϣˣΪҶȻ츳ˣʵҲǿ󣬵֪̣עǻõġ
ϣͣһ±ô
ΪҶͬʱҶͻȻڵ
ͣ
Զһ㶣ͷڱͣҲģȻ֪ҶΪʲôҪ󣬵ǵͷӦˡ
ͣҲԣʱ䲻ܳһɳ©ʱ䣬һɳ©֮ҪʼұҪжˡ
ԶϿĺϣӦҶҪʱֹ˱Ȼóһɳ©̨ϡ
Ҷһɳ©Źһ£аСʱʱ䣬ܹãµ񣬱Ҫһˣ
Ը䣡
Ҫʲô
ɳ©˶֪ͣȴ֪ҶҪʲô
һɳ©ʱ˹ˣûҲԲĶ֣治֪ĵȻҼ
ƾʲô
Ҷʵжش⡣
һ̡
ɻĿУҶϥϢǡ
ҪڳԪ




1013 벽Ԫ
ʵеʱҶѾȫܹͻƵԪû
ѹԼʵ
ΪҶ֪Ԫʵֻ֮·Ĺ̡
̫Ŀ֮ҶѾȫ˻Ҫԡ
ɸ¥ƽ𣬻Ƿι̹ϵԺǷ˳
ɳ̲Ͻĸ¥ôվΪػζġ
ͬĵֻоͽʵԺвŲһ̫ѵƿ
Ȼ
죬Ҷ֪ԼѡͻƵԪĻûκλᣬ似ʵ̫ǿˡ
Сʱʱ䣬˵ҶһͨʿҪͻƵԪǷǳѵġ
ϾԪڵϵʱ򼸺һԽǵ
ԪԶȵŨعҲ˺ܴĲͬԣԪƿͱ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ̬ѹҺ̬ԪҲǷǳʿĲٿ־ġ
ͬʱҲһǳķʱĹ̡
һ˵ԪҲҪһʱת
ҶʱֻаСʱҲ˵ӵʱ䡣
ô̵ʱ䣬ܳԪɹ𣿡
аʣضҶйעÿһ˿仯
ȻˣҲڹעɳ©ʱɳ©еɳӲϵһһĹȥˡ
ƺʱеŰ
Ҷ̾һھڵռ֮УаڰСʱ֮ͻƵԪ
ΪѾ൱ʵˣ̬Һ̬֮䣬ֻҪ΢ѹһ±ܹѹҺ̬ɾԪ
ϧڣʱ̫ˣ
̾ϢҶСĵؿһŽ֮ѹҺ̬Ϊ˽ٶȼ
һΣΣΣҶһһĳԣڽһɹתΪҺ̬Ԫ
˵һγɹľ飬ͼˣǸӡӡļһֻҪ֮ǰḶ́˳ѹԪˡ
ϧʱ̫ˣСʱʱ䣬ҶôҲֻüʮҪѨеתΪԪ󲿷ѨеԾûüת
ʱ䵽
ɳ©һɳ䣬Զޱؿڣ֯ҶתΪԪ
벽Ԫ
ҶվһӣתΪԪ֮ľ޴仯
ԭѾ޷ɸˣεѹ̬֮תΪҺ̬ԪѨڳ˴Ŀռ䡣
ʱ䣬һһҲûתΪԪ֮Ҷ֣ȣԪĹѹøӾб
ͻҩıըԭ֮ͬɢĻҩըǲȡ
ѹɹըҩȴž˵ƻͱը
̬ʱ򣬾һɢĻҩȻȼ֮Ծܹ۵Ĺâ΢ȴûʲôɱ
ѹҺ̬Ԫ֮󣬹ɼαˡ
ҶʵϺͯЩǿߣϬ۹⣬һ۱㿴ҶδȫתΪԪֻתһֶѡ
ϤҶĴȴ֪ǰ벽Ԫ˿̵ҶҲ֮ǰ֮
ÿһ㾳磬ҶʵһԾο벽Ԫ
Ȼǰ벽ĺѾˣ벽֮ҶʵȻһʵķԾ
ҶҴ似ĺãҶԾ޷սʤҲԱˡ
ͬͯơ
ΪһˣͯƵΪȻǿģȴǳҶУƵվ˱ܹӵǿġ
ֻϧֳܹҶ仯˱Ͼ˴ĺ֮ͯ⣬ֻȼдһЩϸûпҶѾ֮ǰͬˡ
ʧˣ
ӢӺͺĵӶǴģԪת仹ǷǳϤġ
ҶɢܹϻдŴϢȻҲԪϢȴûϢǿ
ɴˣжϳҶսʧˣûȫתΪԪ
ϧˣɹͻƵԪĻҲһս֮ڡ
벽ԪϾֻǰ벽԰벽ԪΪԽսԪµҶᱯ磡
еĵӶΪҶû˿ʤ㣬Ͼǰ벽Ԫѣ̫ˡ
ӵնֲֿ似һзƵ׻Ҷƾʲôսʤ
ԭЩɵӻЩڴΪҶͻƵԪĻ¹˭ֻԤϡ
ڡ
ǿʤûκ벽ԪҶԲĶ֣
٣ʧˣ
һЦڴҶ
ֻɼ֣ڱĹɱֽҶɱˡ
Ȼ벽ԪҶҲĶֻ֣ҪҶɣ
ɹԪսңǻ밡
ҲһЦСʱ˵ʲôҲСʱԼ״̬ۣ˫綾һĹâ
Ҷ벽Ԫ·ͨһûаǿߵϢ۾̡
һʱ䣬ֳһƬž
û˵˵Ŀⶼʯ̨ϵҶϣȴҶѡ
ѡ񽫾űǷȥҲһ쾫ӢӴ˭ЦӮң
ҲڵȴҶľзǳìܡ
һ棬ϣҶű䣬ĻԼĵӵλýβɶô˵ǰԼᱶӡ
ϾҶ֮ǰҲǴ˲漣ģ
һ漣䣬Ȼĵõ㡣
һ̣ɲںԼҶ粻ֹԴСӮҲʡ
һ棬ϣҶ䣬ȥĻͿг罻ˡ
ô˵潫Ҷл߷ϵҲе㣬նɱҶܺͳһùϵ
ţֻҪҶ߷ϵͯ糿һڳ磬ֻͯͯ糿ôһŮûжӡ
֮ͯ󣬱ȻὫ֮λŮġ
һȻʱͯ糿Ϊ˳Զ㣬ǻԥֵġ
ʱ򣬶Զ֮䣬ҶѯʵҶʱѵ˵ѡǷ

Ҷͷش
Ϊ
ֵû֣




1014 һзʤ
Ȼѡûɣ
̨£һӢ°ͲҽϣһŵĿ̨ϵҶ
ûҲˣҪ٣ǰ벽ԪѣѵΪԼܹսʤɣ
̨µľӢھݵļž֮󣬷˷׷ҶƾʲôҼս
ԭΪ£ҶõѡҲǵѡ
ʱ̲ʲô֪²ΪΪ֮¸ңçײǲ
ͷ䣬Ҷģ
һ̣ҲٲֵӱҶĶ־Ⱦˡ
ǿҶԾ޷սʤЩԾɲ̨´ΪҶ͡
ʦ֣Ȼ֪ôҪ飬
иҶʹģȻҲиҡźģһȺ鼤ܣ޲Լϳ
٣Ȼ˸Ǹ׳ռ
ҶȻܹڶʱڲ˵һ仰ӮһЩ˵֧֣ɫЩѿ
ܿȻˣǶͷ֮ǰʢ磬ٷʢҲһˣԼαظһ֮˼ƽأ
ҶٴζվɢǿϢҶûаǿߵϢɢ
ǣǿ˵ϢУҶȴ󺣱ߵһʯƾ˼ΡȻ
ԨsţҶһ˿ֵķ緶
ĺ̾ϬҶԲӦվϱܹжϳһսҶѾڲ֮ˡ
ߣδذɣҪΪĵͻƵ벽ԪսʤСǲܵģʵȰҪˡ
߳һûҶǿţ⣬ԴҲⲻ
ĿԴɣ
ĺø߳һʶ˵һ䣬תͷʯ̨ϵҶȥ
ߣ
߳˸ûȤٴһţҶͻƵ벽ԪƾǿնӮ䣡

Ŀ£˵ıʼԶ˱֮󣬱ɵ߿գӸµļ˵ı
٣һΪܳسɹأ
ЦһܳسɹﵽԪڵĻʸҵĶ֣㡣ܿϧûܳɹأֻǰ벽ԪѣʵҲҪ
ڵ㣬һƾ㣬벻ͨƾʲôҪ
һϷʵĿҶϵ⵹ʲôսûнҶ
֮ǰһսѾıţҶûͻԪ֮ǰԲĶ֣
ķϻ̫ˣ
䳰ȷҶûаŭӣɫƽ˫̶žȴһ˿ɱ
Ϊ֮ǰĽУԸоԼɱ⡣
һҪɱԼˣҶĴ
ȭ£
䣬ȭӣ
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һ˲䣬ҶԪĽһؼԪʷǿһ
죡
ȻԴ󣬵ɵӣԴС
ҶǿһͬʱҲնǿһ

񱩵Ԫײһ𣬿·ȼΧ¶˲θ˺üȡ
ȭ¡Ծ졯
̨˶ס˺ض̨ϣһ۲գΨԼգһ۾ʹʵĶԾ
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ȴ̲ס۾ָֿһ϶ӷ϶п˵ǿԾһСͨͨؿͣ
Ҳվ˫ֽ߬ţеĽų
ʱ򣬳ҲںʲôˣһζԾϵҶҲϵԼԺܷ»ͯ糿ķġ
ĵǣпļͨͨҶεĹǸеΣС
صһ룬кܶ˵Ķͷ϶亹
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ͯϻο˫ԣҶ˵ıУδϣ
ĵӾδϣĵԽǿɵδԽ
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·ֹͣʱ·ֹһ̣˶аԼ
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Ϊ˹еĵŬɲ˽սҪгϵ׼ڳڳ£ʱ̨Ͼʤ
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ڴĿУҶȭײһ
䣡
һ죬ԪԪ˵ȭͷײз˴۵Ĺâ
꣡

һ΢ĹͲҽһ֣Ҷһȭȭͷ֮ȭâͻĻԪֱӽķ׻ˣԵԪĵ

춯صĲҽУȥͬʱһѪֽ˿
Ҷվԭأһһս
һȭɣ
ٴγ֣Ҷһȭɣ

һĻֳÿһˣ
ǵɴ۾ĿⲻϵҶתǸо·ʣô
ͨ
شǵһ졣
Ҷһȭɳȥʮףصˤڼʯϣҳ鴤
ܿ죬ֹͣ˳鴤
Ϊ
زԼĵﱻˣҲ޷ۼԪ
ӽΪһˣ


1015 Ϊĵ
Ҷһȭ鵤һΪȫޣΪһˡ
ֱӻ̨ϡ
ô
⡭İɣ
Ⱥİƣڶƴ۾ȫǰһС
ԭںܶӿҶԪʧܣĶ֣ҶһȭˣѪԡ
ǵ𺳿֪
С
УĵǰʮĳԱһҶһȭҲΪ֮ݡ
ܹһͽӵնɣѪԣҶսﵽʲô̶ȣ
ΪҶȻո벽ԪʵսȴѾ˺ǲµĵز
ǰʮ֮󣬵ڶʮһʮĵȴȻɫΣҶս
ΪҶһȭ㻻ǣҲѵֵ
仰˵ҶѾӵսǵʸ񣬶пܽȡ֮
УΪǵʮĺĵӣ
ĵһʮˣȡǰʵŵģԽǰʵԽǿ
ʱڵʮĵһ亹ҶĿг˾֣
ʵ֮ǰ׵ĵ޼һ߶ѡ
һ£ղżսնѱסλãοҶ
ںĵУΨһ⣬ûΪҶǿƱֶеǣǳġ
ͯ糿
Ҷһȭɵһ̣Ҳˡ
֮ǰҶδܳɹͻԪֻǰ벽Ԫ
£ҶΣҲΪҶܹսʤҲȻᾭһޱȼѵսпʤ
Ȼ
ֻһȭ
Ҷһȭ㽫ϵˣ
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֪ǣ֪ʱҶѾռҪλãҶԽǿеĵλԽҪȫϵҲԽߣԽġ
οͯ糿ⲻˬǰŹ棬ֶԸĻͯ糿Գֽѵһˡ
ɵĵˣվͭսϵͯƺһڳҲˡ
ôܡ
֮ǰλϵԴ··һ㣬һɲǣһƬհףĿɿڴؿҶһȭɣѪʡ
˿̣Ƿ׷׻ع񣬵Ȼ޷һġ
С
߳ϴһһһʸһ㼤ȥһѽڻ
ৣ
߳ĵһ̽ʱɫ䣡
ΪֻҪ΢һܹ̽ףĵﱻҶԵľȫݻˣӴԺ󣬳Ϊˣ
߳ϵķӦȻͬĺֵúϲ£죬ҡڵĴսߵʯ̨ϣĶԶ԰ڵ϶ϷĵӲģսͻƣ԰벽ԪΪŰԪڵĶֺ
ԶĬˣ֮ǰҲҶΪҶûȫͻƵԪĶ֡
Ȼ
ҶȴʵжжǶôɣ
Ҷ̫ݶʺϳΪĵӣҽϣ
ʱ߳ŭıʯ̨˫ضվʯ̨Ҷ˵
˵ʲô
ĺ۾һսⶸȻŷ
ЦҶĵӣԽսɹսʤ˱ôͲʺϵĵˣ
ͯüҲսҶǰ棬߳˵Ϊϵ飬Ҳʾǳź֮ǰѾ˵ˣۣԣϵģڰɣ
ţ
ͯҲ˵߳һ㶣뵽֮ǰһȭҶˣĺҲû˵ʲôֻһţǿԹԾɻԲѵ뿪ˡ
϶ϧ𣿡ĺϷʵؿŶԶʵ
ԶЦһõ𣿶ֶѾҶϵˣ˭ʤ˭ѾһĿȻ
սҶʤ
ΪУϱҪֻǰ˵ӵҶսɹʽںĵӵС
ϷѡĵΣ
ĺһλ԰ڡ
ȻֻһӣҶ̫ˡͽܲҪ࣬һʮ
ʣɣô೤϶ԼĵӣҾԲֹһ˭ĵܹҶŴδ漣԰벽ԪΪŰԼĶ֣
ⳤϣڲǰ벽Ԫѣ˿ֲսͻƵԪ֮սжǿ󣿡һ̲סʵ
ҶͻԪжǿ
ûд𰸣
ĺҲ˵ҶͻƵԪ֮жôǿս
ͬĬ
ĵУǰʮĵ֮⣬ĵӷ׷ɫ
ۣ벽ԪҶʵʵķԾһͻƵԪʵ϶һ̨ס
ڵҶѾǾ޴ѹͻƵԪǸǣǾԶǶ֣
Ǻĵǰʮĵӣ뵽ҶɹͻƵԪ֮ս֮Ҳеһεѹ

Уĸо̵ģвˬ˼㡣
ΪҶһȭϵΪһ֪ˡҶǱԶĸ£
Ҷɳʱ䣬ڲõĽδɽҶնɱˡ
ĶֱҪղһɳպسɴ󻼡
µӱͯƺһڳȴǰˣͻȻһţܳɳɱؽҶӰ´ʡ
Ȼ߳Ǹ⣬Ѿ˱ϵ뿪ˣû뿪ҲԿҶˬ
˸˼ͬʱԶЦ߻Ҷ˵СѾʽΪĵˣȴǺĵһȡλã㣬ǷҪս
ৣ
仰ʮĵӶʱɫһ˺ţŵؿҶĬĬҶҪټսˣҪɵ׵ĺĵˡ
սˡҶҡҡͷս
ҶͯһڣҶȡΪʮĵӣܺĵд
ͯƵ˺ҶȻںĵףʵԲף
ֻҪҶԸ⣬ĵӵʱģ


1016 ݵλı仯
˴ξӢӴ˽еӻظסŬʵΪţҲΪԼļ⣡
ͯٴοڣ
ȻҶѾټսˣôεľӢӴҲԲɹˡ
Ȼεıһۡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷɱĺ
Ȼ֮ǰ˶ѾҶʵƵĺܸˣʵǣǻǵ͹Ҷʵ
£ͯƴһӣֱӴԼסĵطȥֻһӰ˱Ѿڤڤˡ
ҲȥҲиԵҪæѾûˣȻҪȥ
ĺҶǰҶļ򣬵µ굺ȥңҪ˵
˵꣬ҲȻȥֱ굺ȥ
źͳ϶֮ͯ糿ǰҶ˵Ҷ磬ϲ㣬ʽΪĵˣԺԴҲˡ
ллҪŬ׷㡣
Ҷ΢Цлû˿ĵͽĵӣ˵һµѡ
ˣͱǫˣ㾳ͣսǿþˣҿǶ֪ˡ
ͯ糿ڿڶЦͻȻ뵽ʲôһɫҶ˵ˣҶ磬мҪ˵һ¡ղʱģӮһµԴȻѾˣԴ٣һµԴҲûã͸ˣʱԴл˵һˡ
ҶһһµԴΪĵӣԴӦúԼһİɣ
ǰվӢӷţҲһӴԴܹõ˫ݵԴĻҶֱӳ嵽Ԫ繮
Ҷʱһݣɫ԰׵ˣӺĵȺֱ߳Ҷ
ţ
ҶһݣȻûȴͯ糿
֮ǰʱҶϸͯ糿˽ĵӵһЩϡ
ǰɫ΢԰׵Ǻĵӵһˣ̫һ˵һصˣҲܹӰӡ
һ£ڱչܼǾӢӴøأҲֵġ
̫һ֣Ҳǰһȫ˶ǷǮһЦ
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һ˳Լʲô£
ҶаԼ
̫һǵһμ棬ûκν
ûд𰸣ҶţԷӦòԼ鷳ġ
Ͼ̫һǵһμ棬֮ǰûκν
ο̫һ˾Ըû鷳
·Ϊӡ֤ҶĲ²һ㣬̫һߵҶǰ¶һ˿΢ЦҶʦܣϲ㣡
ллԺָ̲ǣҶԣһл
ҶʦܣսҾȡҪס֮ˮۣˣϣٽٳ߸ͷһڴŽһȥԪǲμŴ
̫һضҶ˵ϣҶܹܹŲսÿһû˽ĵŶϣġ
һŬģлл
̫һѣҶٴεл̫ܲһĵģٿס
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ˣʦڽ̸лЦˣ
ȷ˵ʦִЦô
Ҷ̫һ̸ͬʱڶӿһĻȻ󲨡
ΪǵļУĵӵһ̫һһʮأڵһ涼ѡ
ΪҪǣ̫һûЦ
̫һǰҶأ¶Цݡ
ܲ𶯣
ŬɣҵһμԪǵŴ̫һҶļ򣬻£Ҷػת뿪
̫һȥĵڶĽչҲҶǰ
ţ
Ҷ΢΢һüͯ糿֪ǺӵڶĴڣʵǿ˵Ϊ˷ǳ߰һ̫һ֮⣬˭Ҳ
һ£ҶԼʲô¡
ͬҶԤϵһǰһҲûпֱ˵˵Ҷǰɣ˵ҪʦһμԪǵŴ
˵˵ѣʦֲ⣡ҶԸһʶڷܵ
˵˵ҲԣȷûʸμŴ
һ߰ӸµĿҶȻʵͬкܾˣϾ̫ͣʵе󣬺ȣƣ
ô˵أôкûû˵أͯ糿ˣؿʵ
ôˣҲʵʵ˵ѣἸĻҲǾţһ̾磬ôʱӵŬʵᲢۡ
˵꣬ͯ糿쭣ֱ뿪ˣҲûлغĵӵĶУֱ塣
ҶֵܣҪȥˣʦ֮⣬ûҲ𡣡
ԶȥıӰչɿЦһҶοһʶôˣ䵽ҲûʲôǱֻҪŬĳɾ;Բ
ʦˣҸûзϡҶһЦóȻһЩûж⣬Ŭ
ˣԺ¸˵ֻҪģֵûչЦ˵
ǾллʦˣҶҲûп
ΪóչɹŵȳҲСڣսƢеƣֲսƦʮ㣬ȷǸɽ֮ˡ
ˣˡ
ﻰԺչɣСУҴ󣬽ʦűŤչˬʵشЦҶԸܶƢ

һĻЩûȥľӢۺҪһĽʺޡ
Ľ֮࣬Ҳ֪Ҷ˴ͨԼŬƾʵõģ
ͬʱţ֮ҶɵĵλˮǴߣԲǰʮĺĵӣ
ǡ
޷ҶᲢۣ
ĵһĵĵӶҶкˣȻڶǹҶһ٣չˡ
ΨĳûжʵǸĲˬҶͯ糿˵ЦӣǸоǳԷԵһֻӬһ㣬
ߣ
ûиҶкһ㾶ֱȥǷ·һ붼һĥ
Ҷһһ֮Ҳ뿪壬굺ȥ
ʦ
Ҷոյ굺㿴ĺڲԶԼæȥĺϼ
õõãʦͽͲˣҪ㣬ĶҸˣԪȱԵŨʺ
ĺ˵ţҶɵһԪԣĶ˵СԺչصĶɣ
ллʦ⣬Ԫǳԣ
Ҷ˼£ĸӦΧؼԪŨȣֵȷ֮ǰ굺ԵԪŨ˺ܶࡣ
лʲôлŬʦʦǶõıˡ
ĺЦеһ˵һóһ˿ҶǿռӲ󣬵Գɿռ䣬װһӶ´࣬¸µԴһһöʯ
⣬Ϊʦʮöʯʮöʯʦҷ˲پŪġ
˵ţĺһ֣϶ʮöʯˣÿһŶȭͷС
Ҷռʯйһ£һöʯ㶥һöŷʯˣ
ģһṼϵ
ҶӦгŸм
ЩʯɳԪҿ̤Ԫ֮ڶأ




1017 Ԫ
Ǹʲô
ҶϹлĺæҶҸЩʯҸжģŬúñչɣϣصʱ򣬳ɹ̤Ԫ֮·
š
Ҷͷ׼ǰȥչأͻȻ뵽ʲôֵˣʦС˵ӮһµԴ˵͸ˣǲǸл˵һ¡
СӮʯ͸ˣһ£ȥҪлҪҲƣ
ĺԭԴأΪҶһˡ
ң֮ǰҶԾʱ߳ǸֺЩˬ
£ĺϾֱԴⷽȥ
ĺǰȥȡʲôԴǿ˵һʯ㲻裬Դ
ԴҶ֮ΪҶܹȱԴܵ˵㡣
ŴʧıӰҶһԼʦУ˵ɾ͸ɣˮ
Ƭ֮󣬴ЦеػˣжһɫĴӣװʯʯƷʺɷҶһ
ˣлСӻҸīֱӴˣġ
ĺһʯ׸ҶȻ㾡չأʣµ½ҾˣҪıǾʵԪ
ģ
ҶЦãԼʦǡƷ

ĺߺҶֱӽɽ֮У鿴һ£ɽԼ֮ǰչصκһɽá
ڲ󣬵ȴж죬Ǹ鶴ʯ鵹ңԪγɵĵ˳ŵҵ鲻ʱĵöˮ
ɽԪ뵣ʯ֮ϣżҹ鷢͵ĹΣյɽ˼ɾһ㡣
ĶԳƵǸضˣҶ൱⡣
Ҷ⶯أһʯŽڷˣֻ¼ͨ绻ףȷڱչڼ䲻ᱻ˴š
رն֮Ҷֱӽ˾еռн
еռϵģԪԽŨռеԪҲӦĻŨ
ʯǰҶʼʯŨԪԪ
Ϊ֮ǰ˽תΪԪľ飬ԣҶ൱ÿһѨеѹҺ̬Ԫ
֮£Ҷ֣Լз·һƬ󺣣ÿһԪжǴеһ㣬תţҺ̬Ԫѭȫѭת
ѾҶˣŨԪ·ϼһ㽫档
˿˿ƵԪϵıϼϼȴûбֺŨԪ˳Ҷĺɺë׽У˳žһ֮󴢴ȫѨ֮С
һʱ䣬Ҷ㳹׽еתҺ̬Ԫ֮ǰת׵ԪҲѹһ顣
̷ǳǶҶ˵൱ѣʿԣٶѾˡ
һʱ㽫תԪҲֻǵʮѨ֮е൱ͨʿʮ
ٶȿƿֲ
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ڳɹ̤Ԫ֮Ҷʮʱ䣬Ž糹׹
УҶһöʯ
һµԴʮӻһˣ
ʯٶȣҶ̲ס졣
ٶȥ޷ԼԪͻƵʥ̥ĻҪʯŹ
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ȹ˾֮ЦеسռУҶ˵ٶȻ⡣
⣿
ҶЦԼٶѾǷǳ˺òȻ⣬˵ϾԼٶֻһ㣬ûдﵽž޵ĳ̶ȡ
㻹Ҫ͹˵ٶֻһ㡣ɲҪˣϵĶӣǴ۵Ĵˣ϶ٶе۵Ѫٶ𣿡
ĴҶһ˵ˣѾﵽԪڶˣҽĿھڸ㣬Լɣ
£ϽڶصͿھҶ˵һ飬֮һԼල
˵ĿھͷҶеʯ޺ȫóߣʱռоŲʹâ˸
ĵڶ˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲӣԪϴųڵʣﵽͨĳ̶ȣԪ
̼Ϊʹ࣬Ԫϴǳʹ࣬Ҫд
Ҫ֪ҶԪʱըѣ޸̿಻ԡ
~
ҶγԱ۵죬ֱԪƾϴⱾһΪҵĹ̡
֣
ҶҧأΪڶأƴˣд֮ڣʱ޸ơ
ֻҪˣЩʹʲô
ȻҶ־ǿͨQԼСڶصʹ̶ȡ
ʹ࣬裬Զ֮ǰڵһصʱң
ռвҶĲҽУе۹һϴУѪëбƳദѿҲ·Ѫһ㣡
Сӡ
϶ˣû뵽ҶһԪ壬Ӳؼ
Ҫ֪Ԫ壬ʹ̶Ȳһηǵ̣ͬǽѪͷһ㡣
ʹḶ́һ˾ǾһӰһ鶼ֲȥ
ҶȴһֱѣǾҵʹɤӶˣֻ췢˻
Ȼţ϶Ϊ֮ݡ
ʮ飬ҶԼʮ飬ʯҲȫĴÿһ鶼ǽȫԪѪ֮Уһķ塣
֮ԪԪ֮ڽеڶԪϴӡ
ַĹУҶѿ޸ʯˡ
ЧǾ˵ģͨԪϴҶ徧Өɫͭһ㣬ɢŽĹÿһ缡ⶼ̺ſֲ
ҶãԼֻƾһȭܴһͷԪڵޣ
ˣȴɣ
ҲڿҶŰһˣվҶǰڲԪڶѣԪƷʻԪ岻üһʱһ¾磬ԪƷʸ֮ڶΰɣ
ţϣҲģ
Ҷ֪˵ʵԼڲԪڶѣԪƷޣԪЧޣղżѾﵽ˼£ȥ岻
οʯһգԪС
ŹأҳΪ˺ĵӣѡŵĹ似
ֹ֮ͣҶأǰȥܷҵʺԼ似


1018 
ҶɽӦĺϢȻĺһӵԼǰ
ȻûҵɹͻԪĺһ˵
ټɣͯƵʵĺҲǼ˶̫ϳϱǿ
һʱӦҶϢ֮ǰǿ˲٣ҾȹԪڵľ硣
ţɹͻԪԪڡ
ԼʦҶûʲôģҾⶫϢرˡ
ĺΪɲ⣬ҶһرҪǲܵġ
ʮ죬㲻ͻƵԪڣһȹ
ĺЦеؿҶһʵȫҹҿڵĹﵽʲô̶ȡ
á
ҶЦһû뵽ĺһס
ЦҶ񣬵±ɫһ࣬Ȼ߳һʦȭ
䣬ȭӣ
ҶһȭΧԪȻգۼ丽ȭâ֮ϣݺݵĺؿڴȥ
䣡
һ죬Ҷǿķ˼ײʯϲͣȭͷЩ顣
ĺ˿·ûһ£ƾ㿹ҶŰ˫һȭȥʮֵɣȴ羪κһ㡪ҶһȭȻû˵ԵĹȴҲ̲סˡ
ãããĺá
ӸղҶһȭжϣڵʵսĵаǰʮĵˣ
ϲ֮࣬ĺ·뵽ʲôһҶ˵Сչصʱ䣬С羭㣬ھ굺ϡ
˵ĺһϷʵؿҶŵϷȻǸʱҲݺỨԵ֣ܿóС˼
ʲô뷨ĻϷȥȥһᣬҲܾġ
ǧʦֻǽС統ãû뷨ɲҪҵԧף
ҶһҪʹڳʲôӡ
£ҶԺиֳܰ˵ӰҪΪԼ걻ɢΪֲˣ絶һ㡣
Ҷгеı˺˼ϲʹ˵ࡣ
ĺزҶеıԽ纣˼üȴδʡ
ÿ˶ԼܣҶĸ˽ⶫ˭ûв˵أ
ԼͲ⡣
Ȼû뷨ǾˣҲҪעһ㣬ҪСѾͷΪ˼ͽծ
ĺҶļһ˵ҶԼҸ档
֪ʦ
ҶҲ֪ծѻҲҵģֻһһˡ
ðɣΪʦ֪һзִģĵӣԽȥѡ似ˣΪʦһЩ£ͲһȥˣԼȥѡɣ
˵꣬ĺֱ뿪굺巽ȥ
Ҷʰ飬׼뿪굺ȥû似ڹоڣĹû
ո뿪ûԶҶӭͯ糿
ͯ糿һɫȹʩ죬ĹϵԪ뼡Եø鶯·䷲һ㡣
Ҷ磬ϲ㰡ôسɹˣ
ͯ糿ھϱҶߺܶ࣬ȻеģһҶϢ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ЦӭҶϲ
лл㣬ʱûչ𣿡Ҷֵسͯ糿ʵ
Ϊ㰡˱չػǱչأҵΪûдﵽƿƽʱñչصġ
ͯ糿Ц⣬漴ʵҶ磬ӽĵ֮󣬻ûȥѡ似ɣȥɣ
ҶͷҪȥ󣬶ͯ糿ҲһģԼҲþܾ
˵ͯ糿ŵǧţһ·Ҳ˺ܶ鷳
˶ûзУ굺֮ͽȥھ벢Զͽ߹ȥҲܸܿϵ
һ·ϣҶܶĵӴҴҺǲ֪æЩʲô
ȻǺĵӣеɶǺܸߵģæЩʲôҶҲģԼûʲôϵ
ڿҶͯ糿һʱЩĵӵɫЩֵֹģ֪ĽǼʡ
ͯ糿Ѿȫˣۺ˭һ𣬱˿ǵֵֹġ
ҶǲںҲûʲô뷨ڱô룬ͷ͹ܲˡ
˺ܿǰԭǸߣôʱûƺûʲô仯ۻ軨ҲǲһԶҲ˯ѵӡ
ϵҶϾϴβû̫ʱ䣬ҲͰ겻ӡ
Ҷٴι󣬿ص۾·һЩ޵ôͳΪӢˣǰ;
үүɲ´ˣҶѾǺĵŶͯ糿գŴ۾Ц˵
ͫ׶Ȼһһâôͺĵˣ
ǵģүүҶˡ
ͯ糿Ц˽һҶھӢӴеľ˱֣ҡͷԼˣзôȻһҲ֪顣
Ҷ磬ѾǺĵˣ㣬е似㶼ѡ񣬲߹ʱҪǼǣ㽫Щ¼֮Ҫԭ
ڽҶĹ¼֮ͯ糿Ҷ򵥽һºĵӵȨй似ѡ
˵ͻȻ뵽һ£Ҷ˵ˣ˵һˣϴһȡһӰĲ似һֱɶûأʲôʱң
үүܼǴˣϴõֳأҶЦóԼֳ
ӰݣˣȻӰ£еľѾˡ
õֳҼǴˡ㿴ӶͿˣ
ϣ۾ҲҶһˡ
ͯ糿Цˣ˵үүͲҸ˵Ĺ𣿡
ھȥ棬ĶҲȥҶ쳤ľˣҿźأֵ徲
Ƥû̧һ仰ҭͯ糿һѲ죬㬵һҲ˵ˡ
ҶҡͷʧЦͯ糿˵ͽȥˣһ¡
Ҷһɲǣ˵ˣȻ似ѡһҪ߶һ䣬̰ãϸ㣬ѡһͨˣѧö൫ͨҪúܶࡣ
ллүӣ֪ˣ
ҶȻףȻ˵ն಻ѹһܳԱ죬似Ҳˣ󾫲ࡣ




1019 
ҶӭһֲɣӵϢ
ЩռģԹŴĹ似ȵȡ
˵ɵصأǴеϣ
ֻҪڣɻʣһˣ綼ٴηģɵĸڡ
һ㣬ҶԺϵСӣûʲôÿģϴѾˣҹƣɫ㲻ϵţ϶ûʲôöеĻһڶ㣬˷ʱˣֱȥ㣡
ҶͷϵĻȻϿɣҲԲΥ֣ϾϾԲẦġ
ֻǶ˵ֻһ㲻ϵСŵ˵΢ʡ
Сӣأ׺һڶ㲻ϣǿϴںʥءʱ֪˵ˣɲ½ԪݵһŶѣ˵Ŷ̧ˡ
ȻܹӦҶ뷨΢΢һЦԺжҶһ¡
Ҷÿɷ񣬵Ҳ֪˵ģȻòȻҲ½ԪһǷѣҼԪݻԪɺܹͥ㶦
Ŷ㲻ϡ
˵䣬ҶѾĶ㣬һСķ䣬ǽֻ֮ʽ׾ľͷӣҲ֪ʲôľʣôȥ˿ȥԾɷǳʵ
ÿһ϶һϹ˸ϻӣϺɵģƾϻӱѾǷ׽ֵǵıˡ
ҶһϻǰȻϻӵĸһЩּ
ѾˣҶͶϵͳ˽⣬ǿЩֵʱȴĿɿڴһҲʶ
֮£ҶֻʶϹͨһ£ýЩִݸϣæһ¡
ļ˵ϻоʲô似ģϻɵ֮佣ûãаȭ㹻ˣֹ͵似ҪҲգ
Ϻ֣ܿҽֵ˼ӡҶʶУһ֣ԺֻҪԼ
˵൱ϣǧûмˣʱĲϷչҲһЩܶŴ֣˶ϲˡ
һ㣬Ҷ൱ͬģ֮ǰӶġС׭ģڻжȫˣŹȥǧѣֵı仯Ѿǳˡ
֣˵߰ǧʷˣҲѹҶϵã֮ǰҲû뵽ҶôͽӴֹϵ֡
õֵӡ֮ҶȻȻıܹˣȻⱾ佣ԼûãҲͲٵˡ
ҶתһϻӿȥֻͬҲƵ֣ѾѲˡ
ͨϻϵļأҶ֣ҲһС
ھô£ҪС
似Ѿ֣Ҳ㹦ҶһϻҲһ¡
ϻּͬأȣֻĸֶѡ

ʲôȻСӣⲿҪû뵽һ㲻ϵСоȻĶڣֱ̫˼ˣ
ڵ֪һϻоȻʱʮ𾪣ҪҶҪ
ҶǵһμʧɫʵϣôŸʲôѵʲô˲ɣ
СӶʲô
ƽһ飬һһżǿ似ڵۼ似ǵ
̫֮ǰǿߣʱȾۻҪ磬ΪǸʱϣ֤ɾʹ۵ˡ
ȴΪ̫ˣ⵽Ǵ˵ڼֲ֮¡
취ܹôΪݣҶɵúʵ
Ҫ죬ִ٣˵ǲ죬ҪеȨ𣿡
ϷǳĸҶһ£Ŀɿڴ£ִ췣Ҳ̫˰ɣѹֻǴ
ϣһ⡣ҶʵȻǶҪǴɣΪʲôҪأ
ɵСӣҲǱɣҲˡ
ϵ෴ܹɾʹ֮λ̶ܴΪοеİ壬Ӷȹʷǿ٣ɾ͵λ˵ǲǺö
ʲʲô۶ǿ϶Ǻöˡ
Ҷˣδɵ֮ǰҪɼⲿǺöˡ
Ҷæϻӣóһװֳ鼮
ƺΪ鼮ȷ̧ˣСӶ㲻ϣֻбҳѡ
ҳҶܿⲿУĿ꣬ȵط֣ⲿǲƪѣֻƪһûУҲǳѵˡ
ҶǿнӡԺУΪڵ϶¥ʱڶ¥ſйأ¥似׼ֻƾԴӲ
˺ܳʱ䣬ҶŽ̶ҳƪӡԺС
漴ҶϵĽ£Խɵһ֮Ҳӡ
ʵ㲻һЧһ޶ǿҲΪ֮һ
ݴ˵磬һرһֱ䲻ļ۶ѰҹҲûҵ
رи쵱֣ͽס
˵ɵĵһţҲǿɽҼףȻûܵõ׵ԣ˵ܹӳһ˿׵
Щ˵ͯ糿иġ
Ȼˣʱͯ糿˵ķǳģͨڣҶȻҲ˽
ɣܶӶзƵףЩƷƷ㲻ϣֻǲдƷеĲдƷ
ˣЩ׵ķҲǳǿ𾪡
֮Ҷͯ糿˼֮㶯صȥҴĺ
ͯ糿Ǳͯƽˡ
ص壬ĺЦеӭҶʵôȥʲôջ񣿡
ʦҡ
ҶԼѡʵĸ˴ϡ
ʲô㾹Ȼѡĺǳ㵣ֱһܲģ
Сѡ⣬ʵ̫ˣϷҲѡֱҲ͸ͲҪ໨˼ˣͺãҲǲοһ£Ҫʱ˷档
ĺ룬ǾҶһϾʵ̫ˣԼ͸ҶҲǰ׷
򻹲һأô˵ɵ֮һ֣£ܲǸʿһ
ף
ҶϷŴӦˣȻĺǣص굺ԼĶȥ
˰ֻ˱ڲ֪ͷ
ĺܲҶ˼ҲûȰҶ֪Ѷ
صԼĶ֮ҶûϢֱӱչأռ֮в
ʮ֮Ҷİ壬ԪţγһƵף鲼ȫλɱǿ
Ҷȴط֣Լ޷͸ֱҲһͷʵ̫ˡ
Ҷɣǲڳ¼ʱ©ʲôҪĵطô޷أ




1020 
Ǻǡ
ҶɻʱԵͻȻЦ
Цϣ϶Ҷ˵Ӧûʲô©ĵط㼸ûζԣ޷Ҳ󡣡
ʲô
Ҷ̲סۣҲ̫˰ɣȻҪУⲻǳ
Ҫ֪׵ǴȻǿһ֣ͨ׵Ҳʮڷصĵ൱һСͺ˵վʣ˸һ
Ͽɲ֪Ҷ˿תʲôͷ˵лܹһ׵еԪصĻпܶİ塣
û˵ҿɲûԼ֮⣬ѵûбİ취𣿡
Ҷۣ˵취ʵй׵ģ˭Ҳû
˼һ£취ֻ֣һֱҸղ˵ģҸϸ߿գ׵ַ̫Σգ㲻ֱӱĿǰʵ

Ҷ̲סٴηۣҲ֪ڲԼҪʹûأҪǱ̫ԩˡ
ǵڶַأ
ڶַȥ߻ĵӴסĵط߻ӴĵطϢֵطΪͨؾ붼ĳЩǿռţҪҵؾûκϣ

Ҷɵˣô˵ԼҪûϣģײһͼзؾļʵ̫͡
һʧ飬Ҷ˵һϽĲˣѧΪҲﵽԪڵļ£ٱչȥ岻ˣҪսпͻƵԪڣˣ
ϵͷеռʵеĿռǲͬģȻʵвûйȥ̫ãռѾȥܾˡ
Ҳ֪ʵѣľûʵͬĻһƿͻơ
ҶȷҪúһˣЩûһɵʱ䣬ûûҹ
񾭱̫ҲǺ£ǹֽĻһұ˵ĻҶ˺ġ
õϵ׿ϣҶžأһռ䣬ɫľ˲ûʶС
~
ʯţɽҶһڳԪĿԪѭһܣŽβ³
д˿˿ʻܰ㣬ԶϴƲԹһȥĿ
Ҷ׼巽ȥʱͻȻӦĺϢٵĽӽɵݸһЦ
ʦԼģոճزӱˡ
ȻĺѾҶҲˣվԭصȴĺĵΧһУݡ黨ʯ١
ܿ죬ĺҶǰһϲĿʵСˣôˣ
ûҶôˣΪ֪ʵ̫£Լо˼ʮ궼ţҶˡ
֮֮һҲǿɽʦܹĻϰ߶˵Ƕһ㱣ա
ķû˵Ȼ͵塢ʥصķûȣȴѾǷǳֲķˡ
ɣ
Ҷǳǫ飬ɲΪԼѾȫİ塣
ϾܹҲһ콾˵ô򵥱ܹеİ壬˵̫ˣ
Ҫ٣ŹȥãѾѵˣչʾһ¸ҿҿûʲôƫĵĵطڸü
ĺҲΪҶ򣬵Ҳµʱ䣬Źһ²ҶѾˡ
ΪҶ·Ҷչʾһ£ԼʱָĵطҲһЩԼ֮ǰʱ߹·
ҶȻԼǳģǰиֳɵʦȻҪá

£ҶʩչɫԪ˲һƵףʵʣȫʵʵȴ˿Ӱжԡ
ؿڲλݺύĻƣγ˹һ·׷ǳơ
⡭
ĺӲĳԾؿҶһԪɵףҧԼࡣ
⻹
ʩչҲ̬ϺͷϱҶʩչǿôһѣǻԼʵԶҶǿ¡
֮󣬽űǿϲĺʵû뵽Ҷ֮ߣƿֲôʱھͽ˾磬ʱգܹʩչǿҲδ֪
Сӣʵ⻹𣿡ĺЦҶһ䡣
ҶЦס
ˣ
ĺ׼İҶһʱ򣬶ͻȻһ˵ꡣ
ৣ
ĺɫ䣬ɵķȥ
ʱʧͯƵ̫ϳżгٵ¡
ͯƵĻĺްϲ֮ɫ֮д˵Ǻǡ
ʦʲôôг϶ȥ£ĺı飬Ҷԥһʵ
ʵЩ棬ʲô£ܹ˵ʦڵгǰȥ᣿
巢ʲô»֪Կ϶ųˣӲ𡣡
ĺһǵĿҶһۣŵȥȥҵҪʲô¡
£ĺҶػ𣬻һȥգۼʧˡ
һƽʱ¥֮ϣûرҪΣĴ£Բġ
֮ǰҶͯ糿йʱһ·¥ͯ糿һӵ͹á
ͯ糿˵Դɣӱˣʼն¥š
ôмصģһͱΣÿһζǺ䶯ŵĴ¡
һ⵽źԪɵ֣Ѿǧˡ
һΣ˰£ÿһ춼ǿ߸ϻ뵽ɵսС
һս֮ǰԪеʲõĵһÿһǿųռŵͷ
źԪѹɣͼɹϷˡ
Ȼ
ǿ߾˻ɽ󣬴ս˰£ڶɵǿ䡣
źԪҲʧأҲûܽΪ˱ܾˣֻǩͣսЭ顣
һս֮ɾӢʧǿһʱĴڱһͶ˴С
һսҪαԪɣԪսˣΧɵĻҲ˻
ҲɺԪ֮޵еԪǿһǿȻǻ
ҲǳУʱʱ̶̿ű
ɾʲô£
𵱳ͯ糿˵ĺȥıӰҶг˺档




1021 ɵĴ
ѵԪ⵽ŵĹ
ҶаʣҡͷƷԼֲ²⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ûвκ֮ǿߵϢ϶ûз֡
ҲǿܹԼĸ֪ǳǿĸ֪Ȼ϶ûиӦκ֮ǿߵϢǾ˵϶ûŵǿߴ
ȻûŵΧľеˣʲôֵ˴󶯸ɸӣ
Ҷٴ˼ûȻͻȻͯ糿ϢڿٵԼڵĵطӽ
ţ
Ҷ΢΢һһ̧ͷÿһϮ°ȹͯ糿㺮һԼ߹
Ҷ磬ˣ̫ˣ
ҶϢϣͯ糿ѾԸоڵҶͱչ֮ǰһЩ仯ɾ仯Ҳ˵ֻñǰǿˡ
С磬˵ңʲôҪ𣿡Ҷӭȥͯ糿ʵ
ôû¾Ͳ𣿡ͯ糿С죬һ˵طڵ
Ҳ˼ڱչأҲ֪ңǸղʦҲ֪ģµ顣
ҶЦһͯ糿ĻˣԼûʲô¡
Ҳûʲôˣ˼ҾǹҪǲϲ˼ԺͲˡͯ糿Ū½ǣһίӡ
ҶɲһףǴӵģڵϣ˵΢ʶĶоķǳ͸
ͯ糿Ū½ǵСͿˣСѾͷںԼء
ղͻȻˣг϶ټĴȥˣ֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷͯ糿˼Ҳ֪⣬ֻð̾˿Ѹת˻⡣
Ȼһ£ͯ糿̱ҡҡͷҲ֪Կ϶ˣ
Ҷ磬Ҫȥȥ׷ʲô飡
ҶĬˣͯ糿Ͻ飬ȥҲܵһʱ֪ʲô¡
Ҳãȥܺùɵţ
Ҷ룬ͷͬˣȻĺ˵ţµܱȸһЩ
߰ɣ
ͯ糿߹ȻȻסҶĸ첲˽һأӵ巽ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽˣŻŵĵӣӢӺͺĵӶӵͯƵĻ
ʲô˼ǱҶĵӺ;ӢǷ׷Էȥ
ǺҶ˵뷨һģµȺܿԵһʱ֪ʲô¡
ЩŵӺŵӣǻûʸȥȺֻܽصȴǰȥĳǻ
ոշɵһ룬Ҷͯ糿ͬʱ˴ľӢӺͺĵҲ巽ɹȥ
ţ
ǿЩĵӺ;ӢӵͬʱЩҲǣʱпһ¡
Ȼ½˵㲻һţԪ˵һˡ
вܶӣҲвŮʿƯŮʿ޷ͯ糿Ტۡ
Сʱͯ糿ǳɰʵԽԽǿ˵ҲøƯˡ
˵Ůʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿ仰ͯ糿ǡˡ
ڵͯ糿ΪļҲøʮˮܽأҩһֲʳ˼̻
˵ǰͯ糿ɹϵŮˣеŮҲͯ糿ȷŮ֡
ֻͯ糿˭ƽԶУȴһֲʵĸо
Ҷû֮ǰֻͯ糿ֻԳ΢Ե׽˵㣬Ҳģûȷʾʲô
˿̣Ҷͯ糿˵ЦĴԶЩ˵вӿһĸо
Ҳ֮飬ͯ糿ʼձֶ˭ǲٴɫӣǷƽˣҵòҲòŹƽ
ڣһͯ糿ҶǰֳСŮ˵ӣʱиĲζ
ЩҲ֪ҶȻƫ˵㣬ȷʵӮõһУǲҲС
Ψг磬ڿҶͯ糿ִ굺ʱӲɳѪˡ
ԣ
簵н˫ȭ޲ھͳǰȥһƽҶϵԴҶ֮ͯ糿ҲûۿԼ
ûҶ˿̺ͯ糿ǣֵĿ϶Լ
Լ֮ʧȥͯ糿ҪԭҶˣ϶ʲôӵķŻͯ糿ķĵġ
뷨翴ҶĿг˳ޣôҲ޼¡
ȻĳǸˣϾĶţ̫ʲô»زס
ҶʱҶүӣ˰Ϻ궼۾ο硣
ҶүӵǰСѧ㲻ϣϲŭɫԶء
˸ӵĿ⣬Ҷ޶ԣ˿ûǣֱӺͯ糿һµһͤУȴλϻĽ
Ҷ⣬ͯ糿Ҳûн˵Ŀϡ

Ҷͯ糿˴굺߸ϹͬʱĺѾĴ֮С
ĺյãҲ½ϵˣ̫ϳڡ
гȫ֮ͯƲ˸󷨣һ˵λһϢ̫ϳɽˣΪء
ʲô
ڳȻһڵĳϣǱϢˣϢġ
ɽʲôˣ
ɲͨĳϣ˶̫ϳ֮һʵ֮ǿɵһˣ
ɽô˵ģ˽𣿡
ڳУΨһλ̫ϳŸƺɽͯʵ
֪Ҳ˵ɣ
ͯƴλ뿪һ֮С
һңλϱоһɳǵĺ⣬·зһ㡣
ͬʱҲһʯϵ̫ϳɽ
˿̵ɽ¸űһɳǵĺ壬ȥѾӲˡ
Ǳ˵ģΪǿסǿصšҪ׻⺮ҪҩЧ
ͯƼ򵥵Ľɽơԭͽⶾ֮˵һ飬֮㿴λϣϣܹóһЧķ
ҩֻм֮زУѲſ֮Ѱһλҡͷ̾Ϣ
⼸޾ȵģܹҵҩļ̫СˣҼҵˣɽܷߵǸʱδ֪
Ԫݲ޼֮أҪѰҩֻȥѰҡҿƼΪأܳŵʱ𣿡
ĺü˵ȻóɽƼأѾڵϦˡ
Ųÿʱÿ̶ʴţɫص˵
ô죿гֵ̿ʵ
Ԫؾ֮⣬ͯޱ˵
ʲôԪؾ
ȻͯƵĻڣ˶ˡ




1022 Ԫؾ
½ǵ廹ʥأϴڣЩԼؾ
һЩСŻҲԼؾ
ؾһţһ塢һʥصĲƸӵеؾԽ࣬ؾĿռԽ˵Ż߼Խǿ
ɣȻ½˵Ŷ㲻ϣԭӦԼؾġ
дɣɵĴʼʦڴ֮ķһؾ
ؾǵСһӿٵģŷḻԪأʺĻԱ֮ΪԪؾ
ʱţ¸ССؾеԪر֮ǰӷḻˡ
֮⣬ؾҲкܶޣܵԪصϴ񣬲ʵͨ޸ǿ󣬶һٵӵһЩ޼
ɵѵԪؾÿؾΪ΢ʱ
ʱſͬλһԪؾеĳϿɽؾѰĵر
еĺĵҲڳϵĴ½ȥһõҲܲժһЩ걦ҩ֮ĵر
ԪؾһͳƣֻҪߵĵӿٳؾԪؾ
ԣ½Ԫؾ٣ֻǶһЩӴʵߵ屻ռ˶ѡ
ܹӵһԪؾʵǽҡ
еĹżأԪؾ֮һ׻ݡܹȥʦڵĺ
𾪵ʱͯƽһΪҪԪؾԭ
׻ݣڳĳǶİһ㶼Ԫطǳḻĵطڳ걻Ԫϴ̺ǿ׻֮ΪԵҵҩ֮һ
ܲժ׻ݵĻ׻ݵҩԣڸҩȷԻɽڵĺ
ţҼǵѵҲĻǰӺԪؾֻеȵؾ֮ʱſԿܻܿᷢ벻⣬ʱ׵𣿡
߳һصʵԪؾ֪Ԫؾ֮Ŀֲ
ǻ֮ʱģڻԪؾʱ֪˿֮жֲ
ǰţ
ҲɫصȰھ´οʱ仹ʮأǿпؾᷢ⣬֮ʱ򣬼ȥҲ룬ժ׻ʮѣо޴Σգ˼
˵ЩҺγףʦ岻
ͯ̾˿˵ΪѾֻ̤ͨ
ʲʲô
ڳĳȫɵˣͬΪ̫ϳϵŶ⡣
ͨǱʥ̥ΪǿĴڣ½˵ǿˡ
һ̣ףΪʲô֪ͯڻԪؾʱҪֿˡɽ
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ͯƼţ±İҶǰʮĵһ𵽴еȺ
ȻͯƵΪǿģһİ飬̫ϳҲֻᷴ߳㬵˵һԣһԲ
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˭֪ĺ̳ԣϵݣΪԼͽĳȨף
٣ⲻŵǴϵĵӣҲᲢ𣿡
ЦбҶһ̵ۣ




1023 ֤Լ
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ô˵㲻ǴϵĵӵĻʲôʸᲢۣΪ˺ĵ֮ж˲㻹ʲôǣ
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ĺղžһջ߳ϰǲĻƺͨʮĵһֽѵҶΪһسӡ
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ĺˣȻ°ԲɵӣҿԿóҶΨһĵӡ
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ϲָʾȴֻҪܳ֡ѵҶлкĵǰʮʵ˲ɣ
ЩǾԼӶ첻ˣ׷ҶȥܲսʤΪĵǰʮһ
á
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֪
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Ҷʦܣ㾹ҽϵұúýѵѵ㣬Ϊʦܱ𣡡
һѹûнҶϣǳš

䣬һȳ֣һƵҶۻԪ͸ƶһ޾ߵĳҶȥ
һǰʮĺĵӣһƵȻʲôǿ似ȴʾԪƵľȷѾ˼ֵָķ緶
ҶºмܰһһȻƽƽ棬ȴѾ˻Ϊѵֵ
˵ҶǸոսĵӶѣôʦܵĶ֣һƱֳܷʤˡ
һһƵͬʱΧҲͬʱ۵һߵΪҶʤ㣬֮ʵ̫ˡ
Ψдһƽؿųеˣ·һҲΪҶһ
ƾʲôҶΣ
ϵı֣ЩеĳϺͺĵ΢΢һгɻ
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Ҷһ˫۾˸Ԫӿһȭ
ɲǼ䣬ҵȭâХΧԪһ˶ȭͷɢſµֱӺһϣ




1024 ʸ

һƵ£ҶȭâХһ»һ
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ԭĵȷǺĵǰʮʸԪؾȥԪؾгԪأ޴ڣʮգʦ˵ӵԱԽ룬߳ϲͬ⣬ĵһʵ
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û뵽һŶ㲻ϵСţȻԪؾСӣ˹ʺˣ
ʱҶʶУ˷ܵ˵




1025 ҽ֮
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յɽ˵ʱգԪؾûʱ䣬еʮɻ

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ٴɽĻ˾һӿĵǡ
ϣҲ˱ۣҵĻҿԳ־
ʱҶͻȻٴοڣﲻݣȻ޷ڵȴԻƣԶЩʱա




1026 ҽ

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Զͷ˻е޿ƶǣȡ޺֮һɫۼҲԼӼһԵķȻƷʲߣŵӴ㹻ˡ
޳޺˺ۼ֮⣬Ѫ̺ʿ˵Ǵ֮ԶȻŹ
ۼ֮㿪ʼָ޵Ѫ⣬ûз֣Ҷͳ뿪˶顭




1030 
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Ҷûñ˸٣ͬʱͨϢжϳǳ磬΢΢ü˼һԼĿģδᣬǼؾǰ
ԪؾֻһСĿռ䣬֮ǰСͬÿһռж֮ʱʱһ
Ԫصķ棬Щ׵ҲǳȻе׵ԾС˲٣Ƕʿ˵ɱǺܴġ
ҶʿһеĻҲˣԣҶһ·ϲҪעĳ磬ͻȻϮԼҪͻ׵硣
ȻΪ粻Լ֣֮ĲޣùԷһڵʱܶΡ
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Ϊ֣ϢûﵽԼҪ󣬱ҪС
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ļǵãҶɵʱ򲻹һ۵СʿŵʸûС
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Ҷûô룬ɱͷɽ׺һ·ǰУ˼ͷޣһ⣬ȫɱ
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ۿҶûͣ˼зֹͬʱЩģǰǿ޺ͲԤϵΣ
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Ҷһ䣬ٴγԣСһ֮Σͬʱеƪĸ
һΣҶʮ˳ܿ״̬




1031 ɱ
꿪һεԪؾУΣ޴ڡ
Σǰģ֮ǿ
ȻԪصϴ񣬶֮ЩߺͬͬʱʵҲǿ
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෴ڵµԭʼɭӵĻЩٵ赲ߣĻҪöࡣ
ҸŮˣҲվӣԼ𣿡
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Ҳֵڵռжѡ
һռ䣬Ҷ˲ֱ˻֮С
ʧȥƿصľڣ׹޵Ԩ




1032 ׳ر
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˸УԿԨĵײȻһ׳أԪ۳Һ̬һ̶ˮһ㡣
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ûгɵ۾ûʸƵ۱ϣΪ۱ı꣬ȻҪȫά۱ϣ
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1033 ۵ͶӰ
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ò˵֮ıԴҪ֮ݽߣԶֹͣ
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Ҷһ۾
˴ΣǰԪؾΪɽѰ׻ݣȴû뵽ԼһƬ
ϼ״̾Сӣò˵ˡﲻϢΪŨһҺ׻ݣֱΪ׼ġ°빦׻ݺҺ
ϣղŴ߶һ׳صҺڳ޸𣿡Ҷʵ
޸㿪ʲôЦǵ۱ǿսһڴ۱һֿͬڰ޷ˣһСҺܳ޸ģҸ㣬ǧ֮һû˵֮гŽ
ǧ֮һ
Ҷɵˣ˰Ӻ󣬵ˣָԽ֤ԽҲ
Сӡԣֱˡ
ϣ۵һӰǿޱߣۻŵʱ򵽵жôǿ󣿡
ҶЦЦ뵽֮ǰ֮ս̲סʵ




1034 ׻
Ҷһӣ̲סˣۻԶأúŬɣ̤ʵصӦġ
ðɡ
ĴʱҶоѹεӣ׼ʼ͸
֮ǰ֮ϵʱҶһ˿İ壬޸ˡ
˿̣ٴθҶҴ⣬һ֮ڣӦһ˵óȻ̫֮ĻԼ³Բ
׳صıԵҶСĵһ֮Ȼ󻺻۾ԺзĽƪһӰһطš
һ֮Ҷе㲻񫣬һζһЩܾ֮øʱЩϰ粻ȥ
ҶʶѵСǸͷ죬ôĵرã˭ʡأ
ţʲô˼
ҶȻѵһͨȴһҲ֪ϵκΪΪãԲẦ
Χ׻ݣĵرɲҵԸŲãǷ׻Ļ϶֮죬ˣʱɲԣ
һʹļ׵ӣҶȻû뵽׻ֺɸֵĸо

ҶεһЦ磬Ҳ֮ǰ֮ʱµĺ֢
ųƬ׻ݣ֪ж٣أһӦû¡
ȳȥʱֻҪɽϴһˡ
뵽Ҷְֱһ׻ݣĵر붼˸׹⣬մһ˿ǲࡣ
Ҷҵؽ׻ֱ֮ȥ
˲䣬׻ݻһɷҷҺ˳£ݼ㣬Ȼĵر
ҷҺ֮ҶȻоз·𱻻һ񱩵֮ںֱײ
ۡ
գۼ䣬Ҷ㱻׻̺Ŀ֮ݻˣȻը
Ѫ⵽ɽͷݻˣΨ겻
֮һҶʶץסһʶŷɽѪ͹ǿн֮һ
ƶ
ҶˣɽѪ۳һȫµҶ׹绡

ҶһḶ́ɷûκռڶصʱйľԼܲͦ
һ׻̺֮˿ֲˣҶ¡
ȻˣҶԾҪô֮޸ʱǳ
޸֮Ҷֱĸİ塣
ʱ̺ǿ֮Ǹʱ
ò˵ߵȷһеţѹǸʱϣ֤ɵ۵ˣޱȣ漰Ȼ֮֮Ѹ
ʱҶее֮𽥵ʧˣʱУһٸǿԭ
󣬼޷ˣҶֻͣ˼Ƭ̣ȻȻٴΰһ׻ݡ
ۡ
׻֮һ˲䣬ҶٴըѪɡ
ҶٴǿʶؾۣȻ̺ſֲ֮ʱٴθ
ֻҪڵ֮ˣҶͰһ׻ݷ£Ȼٴξ֮ʹ
һδըĹУҶϵظеİ壬˼
µʮ׻ݵʱ׻̺Ӵ֮Ѿ޷ٽűˡ
ѻⲻ˵ģҶǾʮεķ֮ʹʹ࣬Ѱ³һζ޷ܣ㲻ҲԲܵڶΡ
Ҷ˶ô޴ʹ࣡
ҪõͱȸҶûиЩѰ֮ɥʹܸ࣬
ˣҶãԼʮ֮һûУ
һһεط׻ݣҶԼ֪Լ˶ˣֻ֪ԼΧ׻ݼȫԼθɾˡ
֪ȴڰأҶһδεķǣ˵Ǽٵġ
ôۣȴʼûֹŰʽĸ
ûиջ
ˣ͸м
ߵЩӣҲֻСĵһ˴ﵽĳɾͣһĵú;Ļϡ
ⲻ˵һһ̫ˣ
ڰʮһˣ
ϲ̾ҶʿҲǷëǵĴڡ
ʱ׻Ѿ޷ٸҶˣͬʱ֮ĹϵҲ޷ٶκˡ
׻ҲܰˣζͦóԵģҶ̾һ
һĻ˿ĻѪɣ
׻ʲô
ǿҩĵرжƷȻˡ
̫ϳɽһĻ»ֱӹ
ҲҪһܹȥҶȻ˰ʮһ꣡
ʮһ갡
ʲô磬κһʿΪܼӣܼӡ
Ƕڱ˵һ׻ݣҶ˵ͨҰݶѣȻ˲٣߻ǡ
̾һ֮Ҷ֪ٷ׻Ҳ̫ЧˣЧ΢ٳԾ˷ˡ
ȻٳѾ˷ˣҶȴҲ㽫Щ׻ݻɽҲҪһⶫǺö
ȻǺöҲǱԼߡ
ǺҶɨһ㽫е׻ȫ˸ɾھڵռڡ
ȻһռܹʢŲٵĶҶԾɾÿռûռס
ҪĶһҪȫĵطڵռȫĵطˡ
ϸһ£Ҷû©֮󣬽Ŀǰ׳ء
׳еҺȻոɾˣʣµĻ㹻á
Ҷ֪⿴ƽҺ̺֮Ա׻ݸ
׻Եʣ̫֮ҺͬҺȫ֮۶ɵģõϵĻ˵ɶŨƷŨĶǾ
վ׳رߣҶһ£ԼѾѡˣҪôҺ壬Ҫôѡ뿪
ͨ
뿪ȻǲܵģҶһ˿Ĺâϵ׳֮У׼Һ壬
ۡ
׳أҶ޷ܿµ֮ٴը




1035 ˼
ճ䣬ʱһĹȥˡ
Ԫؾз·ָֻյ龰ֻؾе֮˺ܶ࣬Ҳϡ˺ܶࡣ
۵Ӱʧ֮ǹʮصĿֲѹҲʧˣؾеЩ޲սս̽ͷ̽Եسһ
Ԫؾӽĵ޵Ԩ֮£׳֮УҶԾڲϵظݻ١ը飬ȻٸԭĹ̡
һһΣҶųķʹ࣬ըһαǿ־֣ô֮֮еһ˿ؾ
ѭĹУҶǿţ񱩰Ե֮ҲĿʼϿҶ壬֮Ѫ֮С
ǿҶ֮ĸҲԽԽ
ȻԽҶԽʵ̫ˣѹִ߻Ǵ
Դӱ֮󣬳Сĵ֮⣬Ҳûκһܹͨ͸˵ˣûһܹﵽʦĸ߶ȡ
͸ĹУҶҲ뵽Լˣ֪Զǻ᲻żϻ
ʱûʱ˼ŨϢ˶Һ׻ݵļڿǿġ
Ҫｫ򣬷֮ҵﻷһؾǲܵġ

ͬʱԪؾ֮⣬ϣͯƸո߳Լķ㿴һϤӰɵð̾˿
㲻ԼĶʲô
ͯƹó׵ͷͯ糿Ŭ
ȥ
ͯ糿Ҳֱӣ֪׺ԼԲԼġ
ңͯ糿ǲŬĲŬĻҲƾʵĵǰ֮ˡ
ףԪؾѾرһʱˣܷٴδ򿪰ɽүүҪ׻ݲƣȻүүҲҵһЩҩʱɽүүƣɱϾܳ
ͯ糿˵ɽ飬ʱ̫̣̫ϳźʹĺȻҲҵһЩҩҩȴûҵ׻ݡ
û׻ҩҩֻӻɽƣӻʶٶȣ޷׻˺
û׻ݣɽܹӼ£ջⲻ˶Ųɳܵʧ
֮ͯǰ㲻ðտԪؾˡ
ͯ糿˵ܹٴοؾĻôٴȥѰ׻ݣѰҶ硣Ҷ粢ûкʹһؾг϶ؾ֮أ
ŮĻͯʹҡҡͷûпˣԪؾһֻܿһΣ޷ҲڵȵڲſԪؾˡ
˸׵Ļͯ糿ʱһʧ䣬ЩʳѰмǹҶİΣ
üҪҸѯܷٴοؾûξȻĴ𰸣ͯ糿һӾԼķ·ժһ˱ʧ
ŮѹӣͯҲܣŰοҲ̫ģҶ󣬻ŵĻϣġȻҪؾѾˣܰ쵽ġ
֮ǰҲʦ˵ˣڴ˳ķҶûĻ϶ᵽڴģµķһܹġ
ϣĻŰɡ
ͯ糿ˣ֪ô˵ڰοԼҲ֪ҶܹųĿ΢΢
һʱؾе֮ɱţڼӾ硣
£˵ҶԪڵʿʥ̥ǿ߶δܹ

ͯ̾˿ӵĿŮһۣ˿Ҳ֪ôοŮˡ
ΪһˣȻܹܵŮҶкøУһƺϵҶϡ
˭Ҳ˵ãǱܹҵģ׵ҲֻǴԿ޷ҡ
ͬʱҲͬԸȥҶһеţҶ̫ľϲٶ֮죬ʵ֮ǿھͬףԽսԷˮһ򵥣Խһ󾳽ս˿
ĵӼֱǱеı˵ĵرҶԥó
Ҷ̫ҪˣǶŮ˵ǼҪġ
ͯƵУʵҶҪ̶ѾԺ̫ϳɽϵȺˡ
ɽţһͻƵͨŵĶ룬һ˱ܹ֧ŵĵλ
ҶǱٶȸδϣһص̫һжҶҪ
пܵĻ϶ٴοԪؾȥҶ
ڡ
ּҶ˿񱩵֮ؾлĿԼСԺԲơ
̫ϳźһڳ˵ʱԪؾе֮ˣˣɱǿ
ĻУҪ˵ҶֻһССԪڵʿͨǿ߶δܻ
ϣ죬Ըԭ͹ƧĺøӲˣκˣֻҪҪ飬ҽӽ壬кֱӽ˴ȥ
ЩǿɿϣһµĴĺһǿվɽ֮ϡ
ɽ紵죬׵ͷ
·һгŨŨİ˺˼
ҶһӣҲһΨһһȻүһʱ䲻Ҷǫ顢ϿҡŬԸѾĴ
κ˶Բٴɫ̫ϳŵӶԲ򣬵ΩҶǳá
ҶΪʦͽܣΪʦһܹٴδ漣ģһ򶼲ʦʧο϶Ҳģ
ɽϣĺһֱҶһ¡
ȻԼҲ֪ЩˣһϣܱȾҪá
ǲͬǣĵƺ͵֮󣬳羹Ȼĸԭˣȫָһøˡ
ؾ֮Уͷʥ̥׷ɱ·ţݺݵػΣ
ػȴһ˿İʵ
ȬȻھϻûͻƵʥ̥ͯ糿Ҳ磬ʵȴ̥ǰı仯
Ұ֣úøллأͨ깥⵽شĻҸ޷İ֮
ɵһɽϣؾķ򣬱ʮָӣп־壬к⡣
뵽ʱʥ̥ڵ޹ʱ龰ѾȫԭˣԾɸе
ִ֮Ĺʵ̫ǿˣ˺Ӱ
ͬһ뵽ΪҶŵ·Ӧ˰ģͷ׷ϴһ޼Σһ
ϧүҡлĻᣬҶҪãܣ
־ͺ󣬳뵽Լøһ˿£ʱЦ
һ̡
֪ǣлĻᡯܿͻᵽ




1036 ս
ʱһعȥˣ˴ԪؾгһתѾȥ¡
У˺ܶ¡
ͯ糿ҪؿԪؾ֮˾Ƕ˻һջجج˭Ҳ
ͯƿϣȴһ취ҲûУⶫҪԼ߳У˭Ҳﲻ
ʱ䣬ͯ糿ԪؾڵǸСɽзһǴ죬ķˡ
ͬȴ֮ͬǴĺԭĺƢŹƧڸӱ䱾Ĺ
κ˶ǰҶԪؾ⼸֣Ȼ쭡
ԶùˣŵҶʧԪؾδ
ԶǶĺߣǺӼèһԶֻҪĺ֣Ƶߡ
ȴĴ⣬˶øȻԾһ棬ǫӣ¶ָһȵĸоȴʱʱˣ֮ǰͬˡ
ҶʧԪؾУǱˣʥ̥ӲƴһǣҲҪˡ
Ҿ˵ǰ˳Ϊؾе֮ɱˣ˵ҶԪڣͨʿδܹ񱩵֮л
Ψһеϧǣһ˿֮İʵȴ޷ԻҶˡ
¹ȥˣɺĵӴڿδΪҶٶӳٰ졣
εĴʵΪԺԪŴѡεģÿһŶᱣ֤ԼȥĵǱǿġ
ɣĵӴʽʼ
λϵͯƣվ̨ʮӣοдۣصҶӦҲЩӵĶУϧ
ҶûʧԪؾиöð
ƾǿսͱǰӦòѡ
˦Щĵ뷨ͯɨһ۳սλĵӣεĺĵӴĿģ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
ûεĺĵӴΪԪŴ׼ġ
֪ԪŴÿֻǰԣҪѡѡܴɵŵӣڴȺۣΪ
˵ͯͣһ£ɨһھ۾ԼĺĵǣԣεıǳпᣬֻпѡвѡΪˡ
䣡
ͯ˵ˣ̫ϳվЦеںĵаѾˣǾǲǱǿأֻҪǱڵӣŻţֻҪΪԼܹսʤ֮еκһˣǷսֻҪܹսʤǣôǾͿԳɹǰ壬ڲμӼٵԪŵӴڴҿԸۺʵˡ
Ա߶ԶǼǣֻҪԼϣսʤǰκһˣǰ˵ԼҪսˣȺŶӡ
̫ϳŵĻĺĵǶʱˣһͷӶߵͷԼۺʵܷսǰ

Ƭ֮һĵվһᶨԶϣҪսĳʦ֣
ЩҲ֪֪֮սͯ糿ûϷͯ糿ʵ̫ǿˣȻŮȴȴеǸǿսӮϣ̫ãˡ
ͯ糿еĿеŮ񣬼˭սʤҲս
ôͯ糿ĽߵĻܹɲμŴԺҲûˡ
Ҳսʦ֣
Ҳ
ҡ
һʱ䣬ʮĵӣ˳ǰ֮⣬ʣµʮȫĿһ£ȫս硣
ϧˣǸŲڣһҲλģ
ȺУڸ̾Ҷȱһ겻ѣΪеϧôһӣȴʧԪؾ֮С
˵̨ۣͯƺһڳҲ̲סһ󰵰ϧôһӣȴڶϵĲʧԪؾС
¹ȥˣҶԾûܴԪؾгѾؾ֮ˡ
ǰԪؾĹУҲеΪԭ棬ǲɱġ
Զһɥһֱھ֮СԼܹע⣬ԼһǵĻҲҶͲʧؾˡ
ڴĺ첻ڣ֪Լĺˡ
ĺҶ飬ƢˣǺĵӴôҪ鲻öȱϯˣͯͬ飬ֻĺȥˡ
߳ǰֻҶӰĵӣֽһӻ˵ڻûȫԭ˻á
ĵǰУͯ糿˫۷죬ƵƵԪؾķȥԾϣҶܹ漣ͷ
Ҳ֪⼸ǲܵģҶûĻӦóˡ
һ˿Ļ룡
ֻҪûۿҶʬ壬Ծıһ˿룬һ˿Ҳֵȥԭ
վԵĳЦһ緢һ
Ȼ˶ҪսȴһҲģΪԼʵ㹻ġ
˵ЩԼ֮µĺĵˣսĵӵһ˵̫һսܶ֡
еȫǼ֮󣬶Զվڣսǿʼɺĵӷ죬ս磬˫ǳ
ʱ䣬оţ˶ס˺۾գһ£©κһʵ˲䡣
絭һЦɫ綼ûнֱӵֱǧף̻з󷨵̨
ͬʱһսĺĵӣҲ̨
нڳ磬λеϣȡ֮ˡ
̨ϣ綼ûǲԼʱŭ
ʦ飡
սҲǳḻøȻɣȴٵĵԼ̬һ֣̬ڵúܵ͡
ҲԵĻһ£˫һԶһͷʾѾ׼ˡ
ԶҲϻһУһʼ
˵Ҳᡪȳ֣չǿʵûˣ
൱һּįӣɣ·𼴽ٴսĲֻǿֵһ
ţ
һݣ״̬иɻģϵԽãԽȳˡ

һƻɫԪʱΧֱۣһ㣬ɫԪһצ缤ȥ
ǿʵ𣿵Сѣûˣ
˵ţһ񱩵Ԫ˲ƿ˷ĹͲһһס
תһ㣬ֿƾжȥ
顪
ǰһѾӡڷǰص֮µֱӽɶӦʱ䶼ûС
ۡ
⵽شһѪŵؿų磬סӣվ̨Ե
㡭㲢ûͻƵʥ̥ôս֮ǿ
ǿƣŵʵ̫ˣ쵽ûӦش
羹Ȼ֮İ
һֱ۲ս̫ϳţ͵վ
ӳĹиӦһ˿Ϣ




1037 â
Ϊص֮һ
ȻˣڼıǼΪĹ
ԽȻԽ
̫ϳŵľܴڳ˶᰺ˣиվԶĵû壬ΧҲ˸

һʱ䣬㳡Ϸˣ˶û뵽Ԫؾд˲һʱ䣬羹Ȼ֮İ
⡭ֱ˼飡
ŵӲ˽֮İʲôȴǴĵӺ;ӢӵıвµȻ
ŵӺ;ӢĽ֮֮ȴҲ֪֮Լ̫ңԶԼĵӵʸûС
ĵУǰĵͯ糿֮⣬Ҳޱȣվڳ緢ĳ磬һĽʺޡ
ǰĵĵӣͯ糿֮⣬ҲڰеǣǺղŵһ̺Ĺ
ǷսĻǸûȡʤİգ
µĵǷˣ̨ϵλҲʵˡ
֮ǿϲǶû֮İɼ֮жȻһ˿֮İѾһˡ

ģ
λϷ׷ױʾͣһĵȻǸеۣ֮İǵĳѾȫԵϧˡ
㳡һ۵ĽһĻҲۣͷͺӺö궼ûдһݵһƺ«һûһڵҾơ
һĻĺ۾˲㺮һ㣬еǷĳ翴˸ͨ͸
漴˻ûκθӦʱת뿪ˣָҡͷ̾Ϣ
ҶûʧؾеĻƾԺӦҲ֮İɣ
ĺз·𿴵Ҷżŵҡҡͷ۾
ҶĵӣΨһĵӣڣΨһĵӶˣһӸопģ·ʲôĶһ
˲֪ڸղţѾĿһС
Ÿ߲УͯģΪĵӣĳɾͣʦҲй⡣
ȻʧҶһŵĵۣȴ嵭ʧȥҶơ
һƵǿشʱͯƱվ˫۷Ź⡣
Ȼʵ̫ϳţ۹ȴ٣ȻҲ˳Ѿ֮İأ򲻿еľ֮ڷӳԵʵ
һһʧȻ
ͯЦ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲ֪ӳӦսԿʵѾþˡ
֮ĳ磬ʵǣȻ粢δ߶٣ʵսȴаٷ֮ʮ
ҪСٷ֮ʮǰӱʵ޼вҲǳС
ڵĳ磬пܺͺĵӵһ̫һ£û֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵˭ǿһЩ
ʦֹȻţȻܹô̵ʱ֮ǰ;
ʦ䣬ԪŴȻܹȺۣΪ⣡
ɵʲôڳʦǰǾ߹ѣ϶ǳʦֵĶ֣

һʱ䣬̨·ˣ羪˵ıΪӮ˵Ľڳޡ
һЩԭͺͳϵĵǸǲĴƨǳˮһӿ
ǺȻѾ֮İʵȻǣпȡ̫һΪںĵӵһˡ
ʱϽУ׽ĻһȳƣǵӾѹˡ
ʦ֣˧Һϲ㣡
ʦ֣ҵż񣡡
̨µŮǸǷյļвѣ۾ƺܿΣԼԳϲͰ⣬Ͳ˵Ϊˡ
̨ϵĳ类˵ûˣƺƮƮȻˣվ̨ϹۣЦݲ
ò˵ȷǳ㣬ʱҲԼʡ
վ̨ϵĳڽͬʱҲԶͯ糿ȥ
ں˵ȴͯ糿ԼĿ
Ȼ
ʧǣĿɨͯ糿ʱͯ糿δĿãȻûн㣬ɫҲЩ㲡

дޣ֪ͯ糿ڼǹҶ޲ܽҶǧУˡ
תһ룬ҶҲѾˣȻͯ糿ڻûҶţͯ糿صĻ
οʱͯ糿Ը⣬ͯҲʼճʹĻеġ
˭Ҫսҵģ̨
緢վ̨ĵǽҪʵߴңţ

ĺĵȴûһ˸ٵ̨
Цϣķ춼һشǵʵȻǿȷ컹ôһ˿ࡣ
һ£ս֮ĳ磬ֱȡ裡
ȻˣǾãҪսһ²Уô̫źˡ
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1039 Ҷ
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1040 뿪ؾ
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ڲ֪ڵȷ˺ܾòҶ˵طĳȥķ߳ؾ
һͱõģνǵˮ©ͯƵ˷𾪣ô֮ôǿ»
Ϊų˵Ԫؾе֮ˣɱӣܹôá
ҶĹУͯ糿һֱճյؿ·ôҲһҶ˵Щʲô˵Ҫˡ
ֻҪҶܹŻʲôã澭ʲôԼĸѯʵĻͯ糿ԼԶʡ
һеעҶÿһ֣κ©
˾ǳ磡
ܵݺҶ鱩¶ҶͯƸ״
û뵽ǣҶǼֻδᣡ
ҵ
ͬʱҶʲôȴǰʡ
ҲҶʲô
ˣϣ·һֲݣֵͦģ֪ǲ׻ݣҾʹˣǲǣ
ҶȻҲһ㣬Ѹתƻ⣬ѻϾǻѻܲ˵ǲ˵ĺá
£Ҷ׼ӿռóһ׼õ׻ݡ
Ȼǲܱ¶ģΪڣҶڳ֮ǰ㽫һеȵ׻ݴռó˿ռС
ҵһֲݣ
ҶĻ£̲סƤ
ֱҶܹԪؾ֮ãпҵ׻ݡ
ǲԸɽȫֻҵ׻ݵˣ˭УΨҶ
ҶѾ֮ǰΪɽӻƷʱӮɽĺøУҵ׻ݣ²湦ĹâԻᱻڸǣ
ⲻԸ⿴Ľ
Ҷ׼ó׻ݵһ˲䣬ԶһϲС𣿡
һݵĴĺ׹һϹ
ղڿչ֮İ֮ĲһĺԼȥˡ
ûҶڣ˵ûκ塣
Ȼ
ڸղţҶԪؾгʱĺԸоԪĲ쳣
ȻѾ˲£һ֮ǾȥǸСɽȥΪ쳣ԪԴͷ
˫һĺֱȥǸСɽȻԶټĺĻ䣬еٶȲ죬ǡúҶ˸ʱû
Сɽ֮󣬴ĺϸӦԪжһЩϢʱпϲ
ͻȻϢζʲô
ԪؾһĿռ䣬ûп֮ǰԲϢĻµԪؾͱҵˣ
ΨһпûпϧؾʱϢ˴ؾгˡ
˴Ӵ߳һ̣ϢΧԪ
һ뵽ĺԭŵһӻ
ԪؾֻҶһûܺһ߳жûĻϢ϶Ҷʱġ
һ뵽Ҷţĺʱ˷ͬʱҲ
վɽһ˼ߵĹ㳡
Ҷ֮ĵһӦԼŶԣûУǾζһ֪кĵӴǰˡ
ȻԶĺҶ֮£ĺٶȷӵ˼ޣسɴҶߡ
ʦͽϵˣ
ĺٷҶѸͳ׻ݣͬʱĺؾһ
ͺãͺð
ĺĶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ס׻ݣ
Ҷݵ֮˶ˡ
ϣҪ׻ݡҶɫƽؽ׻ݵݸɽ
桭׻ݣ
ɽ˫ֲؽӹ׻ݣҲţ·Լһ㡣




1042 ƽһս
׻ɣ
Ũ׻
ҩоˣ
ڳ˶ɵĳϼģȻʶ׻ɢŨ׻ܹóа߸ߣι״ֲҩ׻ݡ
һ̣˶Ǿϲӣ׻ݣɽϵ˱ܹȬˡ
˵ɽ岻ԶҶɽסɵĵλ
ɽǼѣҶ˫֣ŵӣһȥϣȣҿ˷ˡְѰ˾׻ݣ治֪ôмźá
ⶼӦģܹΪ飬ң
Ҷ˿ûоӹ԰˼ⷬӮλһµĺøУжҶи˺ܶࡣ
ĵӲʵǱǾˣѵõӹ԰ɷǳǫ顣
һںܶĵ߱ġ
ӣģݶ飬ϷˣϷƻָ֮һ취ġ
֮Ϊ
ɽҲ֪Լ˵ʲôлĻǳˣǿͷ˵˵ѣҪóʵж
ಣ
£ɽҲٵȥֱӴ׻뿪׼ȥбչˡ
Ѿ˱ıԵѾˣͻȻ˻ȥϣȻеҪȥ׻ڵˡ
λҲ֪ʱɽ˵˭Ҳ
ˣţĵӴʼ𣿡ɽߺҶʵ
뿪ԪؾΪµɽ֮⣬߱ΪܹʱϺĵӴ
ʼѾʼˣû
ͯƿڻصȻѾû˸սڻûʽ֮ǰͲѾ
ţһܲ𣿡
ҶһϣԲεı
Ϊαһ֤ԼĻᣬͬʱһӴĻᡣ
ȻȻˣԪ˵ǿš
ҺԣԪŴֻһµѣлܹ˽⵽½һЩ顣
ȻԣֻҪܹǰĵеκһˣܹŲμԪǵŴ
ͯҲ֪Ҷʵﵽʲô̶ˡ
ȻҶֻԪڵΪô£ͯҲ֪ҶʵþҲڴı֡
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Ҷһĵ鲢ûзܹţƾԼĿǰʵǰԲ⡣
ҼǵóʦĺĵӰɣǲҪսҶʵ

ͯû뵽ҶҲһΪսģ׼ҶѾǺĵӵһ˵ʱ̫һͻȻȿڡ
ҶֵܣѾ˲֮İղսʤңǺĵӵһˣ
̫һô˵ȫǿҶԼʦľˣҶӡ
ţ
̫һĻҶ΢΢һ
Ҷڣ߾ʹϷʵȻҶʦָյҪֽ̣ȻҲɨˡ
˵ţ߹һĿҶɣҲֻҪҶʦܹмʮбˣΣ

ĻĵһӦ
˶û˵
ΪȻ񣬵ȷпʱԭĺĵӵһ˵̫һսˣҶԪڶѣҪ֧ʮУȷѡ
ôҶʦܣ㲻֧ʮеŶûаɣ
ЦЦؿҶ˷ܲѡ
ԭҶἰ֮£Ҷǵûи״ڲǰҪս
⡭ܲ˷ܣ
ҶĳѾһ죬ѾãԴɭҶһͺῴҶ˳ˡ
֮ͯ糿ʱҶߣ޵
Ǹղţ޵ʱͯ糿һۣҶֺͯ糿ϲģ޲̽Ҷ˺ˡ
ߣҶԪؾж㵼ɥ֣֮ĳ޸Ҷ֮졣
ԭĿĽ㣬̶һʱȻҶĳ֣̱ȡΪȫеĽ㣬Խϲ˾޴
ۺҶĳѾ˹޲Ҷ
һΣ֪ҶҪҶսʧȥѵɱҶĻᣬʶʹֻʮУ
磬ֱ̫ˣΪ޵𣿡
ӣЩӱ㲻ΪЩΣϾҶڽؾ֮ǰһٻԭλеʮĺĵӣʵС
һ仰ʱҲҡͷʵӹɣֲҲܸߣΪ˴ȴҶ̫ˡ
ʦͯƶüҶдŶûоӹ԰ȴ˵Ρͱˡ
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ˣȻʵǿ󣬵̫ʺΪδܹĥȥǲпܿɿá
һ̣гϺͯƶжԳۡ
ʱ
ҶüͷһĵûģǾ̫ƽˣȻǱǾҪ֤ƽܷˣʦ֣豣ʵҲ˵ʤ֮䡣

ҶĻֱɵۡ
ΪҶⷬЧȳղŵĻ˵ĳ
粻İһ̫һΪһĵӣ
Ҷ֪һк󣬾ȻҪƽԾܲ𾪣
Ҷ磬Ҫ嶯ʵμԪŴҿԷ
ͯ糿һҶȻҪȫԸʱһ
ȻҶģϾ֮ǿÿ¡
뿴ҶܵΣ
İɣзִ硣
Ҷӵؿͯ糿һۣȻͯ糿ڸͯ糿һһεĹĻЩж
СȻڵ֪̫֮һǰҪƽһսаյģɡ
һΣͯ糿ػĺˣҶ൱˽⣬֪Ҷûյ飬Ȼ˵˵аգ㲻ʤԱӦûġ
ţ
ĺôһ˵ͯ糿һ˿Ҷû˵ʲô
ͯƺǰŰɵؿҶ
ȻҶıǸеޣȣҶսʤ磬ûпܡ
ȻҶʦҾȫʾʦܵأԱأ
һȻ˳ӦҶҪӣȴЦѡ
·㲻ߣ




1043 ս磡 
㳡ϣ˶ˡ
ҶһҪսͷĳ磬ԷãȫԸĲμӱˡ
һ̣ҶٴγΪ˵Ľ㣬սʤǰܣӮ˵ľ壬߳϶
Ҷȷ򵥣ݵʶؽȣͲͽܹġĵӰܸҶʵڲ˵ԩ
Ȼ
龴壬ɵĵӣŵӻŵӣӢӺͺĵӣûΪҶǳĶ֡
ɷϣҶȷǲţҲǷֵȼġҶϵͳʱ̫ˣȻôҲ֮ĳĶ֡
ĲĻҶܹ֧żУڡѻʯ
̨ʱΧеһߵΪҶذɣǳĶ֡
̫ˣҳ֮İͬУҲܹսģ˵ҶԽսˡ
û֮İҶƾǿսһսڣûаϣ
ͯƺһڳȴǳȣҶôִţ
ĵӵһ˵̫һսˣƾʲôͳۣ
˵ʲôҶ˵ţս磿
ĵڣ
Ȼɻ󣬵Ҷͳ˼Ȼϻ˵ˣҪּˣҲֹⳡķ
Ȼοͯ糿˵ԼҶԲް̣֮ʵȴҲǡ
˸̨ԱߵĿ̨ʱĺȸϵ˿̨ǰıԵȿҶУΣյĻðűָķգҲҪȽҶ
ͯ糿Ҳ˾̨ԶĵطһǵĿ̨ȥҶ
ĵӱϾǺĵӣλϾͱӸãĿ̨ϱ
Χ̨棬ͷܶ
Ȼ˶Ҷȴ˿Ӱǹۿ˷飬ϾҶҲ漣ġ
ڳĳǵĻУƺһĿĸоһЦƵƵ˵ͷͷʾ⣬һ̨
ʱΪ׷ӾЧ粻Ѱ·Ͼֻм׸ߵ̨ڳ˵ֻҪһԾȥ
Ϊһ䶯Чھ̨Զʱ㿪ʼ̤ղ飬ǲһεĽһϡ
ÿһ£ն·һ£ʾ˵ʵ
ھ̨׵ʱ򣬳ĽŲѾ̨߳׶ˣȻһ㻺ߣһ̨̤ʱ̨λá
ʦ䣡
ʦ֣˧
ʦֱʤ
һʱ䣬ɵӱֶص̨ʽˣһϮǽеӺݻƱˡ
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ƨСѣҲᣡıã
չɿֻ߳ȡķʽɵƲƲ죬СĹһ䡣
ʵϣҲǳ𾪣𾪵Ĳǳֳʽڳʵ
֪ԼǳĶ֣ȥҲѿչȥѵһˡ
ϾڽչɿкĵУԭһ˵̫һǵڶԼҲûôߵǳ͵
ɳһǳߵ˲֪ǺĵӵһһֻʵĶÿʿĴɡ
ȻɣչҲֻСĹһ¶ѣΪĿǰûսʵ
Ҷʦܣ̨ɣ
վ̨ϣҶкһ˵һԣóмλá
һ̣˺ܶ࣬һʼʱڱĹֱºֽҶУҲҪϵҶΪҶӴΪһˡ
̨ԶĿ̨ԵվŵĺʱȻһ
תһ룬ǹıжԶУʦͯƺڶ೤϶һԹսڱºֵĻѵóѣҸˡ
һͯƵΪɱڵŵĻôҲԻܵĳͷɶڵӵɱĳͷϣһ˹ɱڵӣĳͷǷϵΪš
ҶɵҪԣȻ֪ģԪؾд׻ݣɽ˻ȥϣ
ɽȻڱչУгصʱɽ֪Ҷ˻ˣɽԲ
Ǹʱ򣬿ʦͯҲס
οĺڲԶţĺ̳ԵԸǳϵҶ²õɽϳأĺͻȷ
ΪԼİȫ룬ֻεĸޣıԭĲԣڱкݺݵҶһ
ȻܷϵҶΪҲܽҶأǾֻڱоܵҶ˶ԼǿţҶ𲻹Ϊ˳Լǿѡ
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ҶߵĲûзУ˳̨һȥ
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ĺҲҶҪǿֻҪȥˣ㲻ɹҲź
Ҷɳٶ̫ˣе㲻˼飬ҶԼľ磬¸Ρ
۶ôţôҪģеĵ·ܹ߶Զȡ˵츳ǱҪĻǻǷʵι̡
򲻺õĻһʼʱǳޣеʱ϶Ϊι̶ָ⡣
Ҷ츳ԡǱǰ겻ģȻܹеĵ·ߵԶǧڴʱɡ
Ҷֵܣͣҿ㣡
չûûΣֱӵԸȻ֪ҶпܲǳĶ֣ȻҶҪս磬ģֻǸҶʹ
ҶֵܣǧעⰲȫעĹ֮İ֮ĹǳԵС
̫һһ˱ʱ˵ǰ˳ϣԣԳսΣзȨ
˿̣Ҷͳ翪ս㽫ԼĸҶ˵һ£Ҷע⣬û׼š
ʦİɣҲġ
С磬ʦ֣ʦ֣һעģǷĺˡ
Ҷůůģһһʦĺͯ糿չɡ̫һӦȻվ̨֮ϣͳңңԡ
٣ճСӹ֮Ƥëû򣬾ҴԲѵ˵ˡЦˣ
ʱϵͻȻҶʶ𣬡Сӣһʶһ£ʲôŽ֮




1044 ս磡 
Ŀ£ҶȺ̨йƽһս
һ̣˵Ŀⶼۼ˵ϣû˿Ҷȡʤ
˲ͬǣڽҶáúýѵ硭
˫˺󣬱ʼ
ҶϻӦԶˡ
εı֮ǰͬԣûжٷϻҶͳ˸˺󣬱˱ʽʼͨҲʡˡ
Ҷɣû˲ʶģҲٮٮߣղŸս˺ĵӵһ˵̫һͷ
ԣ֮ûҪͨ˭֪Էʲôˣֱʼ˾˭ʵǿ
˱ʼ֮󣬶Զվ̨ıԵĵ˳֡
ͬʱ㳡ѻȸ˶סȴ˾ʵĴս
ΪǶ֪ҶȻѻʯȻֱսóʵ˵϶ԼʵžԵš
̨ϣǳɣûԶʼ֮ҶҲûж˸ʮ׵ľš
΢΢һЦҶʦܣҲò㣬ڶ̶̼ʱ䣬ŵӽΪĵӣѾɵȺӣ˼¼
սǰĺĵӣμԪʸ塣
˵绰һתŵΪʦ֣һҪһ䣬֮Ҫ̤ʵأһһӡĸ֮꣬򽫻ʵ䷴
ҶһЦΪҲģзִ磬Ȱ㻹ȹܺԼɡ
õʦֺ㣬ʲô̬ȣ
Ҷ̫ˣһʦӦе̬𣿡
֪ʦ㣬ǵ飬ԲѷǺε
Ҷ仰ʱóЩǸеⲻ׷׳ŭҶûûСʶġ
һʱ䣬̨··ըһ㣬ŭڶ
֧ҶҲҶ̫ˣ˵ĲûдҶԲԷԵЩ̫ˡ
Ψнչ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬Ҷֵܣ˵úãαӣ͸ô
չǺĵеĴڣȻڳս̫һɹԶһ˵Ҳʲô˶սġ
ô˵ЩȻŸ̶ȴ˵ʲôΨֽչڳʱԸǡ
չȻƢֱΪ˺ˬ󷽣СڣȥԸǵĻǾǵجˡ
ΪҶ񣬾ֳҲҶ˵Щ̫ˣϾ˵Ĳûʲôĵط
Ϊһʦ֣ϹһԼʦܣûʲô׵ĵطԵӿݴȡ
෴Ҷ˵ԣԵЩСǼˡ
ЩҲҶЩ̫ڿãԺΪ˴аٺһ
ҶʦֵǸҲʦֻ֮ʧһʶ
һ̨½ҶǸɤŷǳ
Ļõ˺ܶ˵ĸͣһʱ䣬̨¼Ⱥ鼤ܣܶ˶ڽҶ̵Ǹ
һУҶ⣬ûнЩ˵Ļϡ
Щ˶ǳĵϵҡ
޷ԼһԼͳһȵЧ
ԼĵǸ˵ĻⳡҲûҪټȥˣԼֱˡ
Ҷ˿ҵǸĻҶղŵð̣򡭡
÷ϻˣȻǱǾ¼£Ҳû˵Ǹһ˵
ûȳѻ˵꣬Ҷϡ
һֱ紦ԡԪؾǲɥȪ
Ҷã˵ʱˣ
ҶĻ£̨һƬĺû뵽ҶȻǿƣûаҪǸ˼
ͯ糿ȴӵˣȻ֪ھǿʲô̶ˣȴ֪̫һǳǿ󣬿ԳƵʥ̥µһˡ
̫һǳĶ֣϶ǿҶսʤ
̫ˣֱ̫ˡ
ʦ֣øֱӴǸΪֹ
̨£ǲҶĻҭñȥһȭͷóúýѵҶһ١
Ҳ׷üҶ̫ڿˣҪúɱһɱֿ񾢶Ժ϶Դġ
ͯüͷ壬֪ЩʲôȴҲ֪Ҷȷýѵһ£ˣĵ
ʿʱܵ۲£µһ˳һֱûܵʲôĴۡ
˳гɳǿߣĴۣһˣĻ䣬һ겻
Ҷֲ֮ѡһ·ȴ˳˳ˮûܵκδ۴Ժûʲôô
ǲ֪Ҷľͳˣʲôû
ľ˵еĵӣ¾һЩ϶ûľḻ
ֻǲͳؿˣҪ˺Ƴα߰ˣ
Ȼɫ࣬ҶĻӣô˵棬Զˡ
ããã
һ˿Ĺâ˵֣ȳ֡
ಣ
һգۼҶߣٶ֮죬һĲӰ
ৣ
ţ̧ɫԪ鲼ƣŷ֮Ҷϳȥ
δȫΪûбҪҶľ̫ԶˣԪؾЩҲԲԼĶ֡
һ֮ҶϳȥĿľҪҶҶ˵ڴζ

ԳʵһƣҶ·ɵһȻûκζܵĴʩͬһӭȥ
ˣ
һ̣˶ΪҶذɣͳƣⲻŰʲô
̨£ǶʱˣǿҶ˾ȫǱɵ˵ȻӦһƳɼǰ϶ˡ
ͯ糿ͫ׶ȻŴ󣬶סԼ۾ĿҶ龰аҶᱻ˲źá
չɺ̫һ鲻Խս˫ȭ˫һ˲˲Ŀ̨ϵˡ
ͯεҡͷ·ǲĿҶ龰
Ψ̫ϳźʹĺ˷˫۱⣬¶˼Ĺâ
ĺ׷ģ˵еϸ΢𣬵ȴѾˡ
ҶǱɵ˵ıܷӦųģԲŲᱻҡ

翴ҶȻҺԼƣɵЦһڲͬʱϵҪҶһƳɳȥ
Ҷɿ˿ı仯һ̶ž
飡
һֱ̣ײһҶԪѪͬʱµֱۣһ½ֱ𿪡
ҶĹƲѸײڶ֮ƣݺݵس˳ſϡ
ž
ɲǼ䣬İ쳹㳡
类ҶһƳУһ㣬ɶ




1045 ս磡 
쳹㳡ʱ˶ˡ

Щ׷һͳһȭͷӺзһ󿩿·߬סӵļһ
ǰĿеԤʵ̫ˣǲԼ۾
ܣⲻܡ
˳Щ׷ߣĵҲȫˣһʹԼ۾ȫţΪԼ˻þ
ʵ̫ˣЩƽʱͳϵĵǲϵҡͷҶȻܹһƽɡ
ת罫ҶɵĻǻΪȻģΪҶľԶ硣
ڣȴҪһֱǳݵĳ羹ȻҶĶ֣ǵ𺳿֪
ͨǸе˼飬̫һͽչɡͯ糿е⣬ȫסˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ƾǵȻѾղŵһƣûж֮⣬Ѿȫ
Ȼ
ȴҶһƳɣҶʲô
ʵôᱩǵ˿ֲ
ԭںĵڶڵƤ֪ԼڼǰҶ˵ʲô
˿̣ϻģҶһƲˣгϣ
ͯ糿ͽչĵӶѾȫˣЩȻҲһ㡣
ԣǵ𾪱ЩǸΪ֪ȫĳܷӳĹжǿ
Ȼ
ôǿĹȴҶɻ⣬ȥҪôǿʵ
һ̣ЩԭҶ̫ĳǲԾıˣҶǿ񣬶ǵȷʱ
ĺ׷֮ǰȻҲҶԱûж֮ǰҲûס
˿̣ѾȫģҶ˿չֳʵı֣綯ҲδռϷ硣
һ̣Ҷġ
Ҷܹһ漣ãҶԪؾд˽£Ҳ˵
ʵ̫ˣǿţղǽԪѪںһ𣬲ܱ˾˵ֱţ
ΪΨһһ̫ϳϣŵ˶Ҫǿ
СⰡҪϲ㣬һͽܣ򣬼½Ҳһһŵǿߡ
ԵĺʾԼĽǵĺֵúϲ£졣
ŵķ֮ŻȻΪʲôҶܹһƽɳȥԭ
Ҳпѣų϶Ҷ˸ߵۣҶĳɾ;Բͣ
ɵĳ粢û̫ܵˣǱɳȥѣܵ˺ֱ޷ݡԼ׷ǰԼĶʦǰ˵ǰҶһƳɣ
һУŭ£޵
ãܺã
绺վŭЦƲϵǵѪ˿Ҳȥ
һ̣Ԫת˼£·޷ԶͷƮ˫м

ûκ˲佫뵽УһȭҶҵԪ˿˿ɫ֮ƻɱӡ
ৣ
һողʥ̥ĳϴʧɫǿȵĹȫȫһˣɵöԳĿ࿴
һ˵ûκαĿǰܷӳǿսˣһǰƣҶ
һȭ޷ܣֻӲסܼûκεڶֿܡ
һȻһҶˣ϶סʦֵһȭɣ
̨£׷ڴһǿȵĹǲҶܵס
סûеڶֿܣʱ򣬼ǳҲסˡ
漣ƺѾȫ޷תˡ
һ
̨ϵλҲ̲סվʧɫһʵ̫ˣҶܿס
ɣ
һȫԪȭͷϣɫԪ޵ĳһ˿ɫ֮
Ҳ֮
Ȼ
͵ΪҶ޷ֵһȭʱҶˡ
䣬ȭӣ
Ҷͬһȭ
ţ
Ҷһȭۼ̫ϳźʹĺѾ˲Եĵط
ȷ֮ҷǳǿ֮һ˿ɫӰӣ޵ȭͷϡ
ٿҶȭͷϾȻŰ˵ǳɫ֮СһҶȭͷζ
֮ϿҶѾȫܹ˦ȥ߸Ͳһġ
á
ͯƴ˿Ҳ˲Ծһңңųһץ뽫̨ץ
ΪѾҶһȭԶȳǿԵס
£˫סˣһҶȭͷг磬粻Ҳ÷ϵɲ뿴ġ
ֻǡ
ˣ
ʱѾˣҶȭͷѾͳȭͷײһ
֮߶ȭ¡ҶԼǿһ
â
~
ȭͷײɽҵײһ𣬷һ죬ΪһЩĵȫȡ
飡
һ죬ȭͷըѣҶȭƲһºڳĵϣµһ»ĻԪ

ĵʹϮ簧һȥѪ磬ͯƻӳԪץڿУק̨
ৣ
һ飬ͯɫ䣬粻˹ȥҵﱻˣһԪѾʧӴ֮󣬽Ϊһˣ
ͬʱҶӱֱվ̨֮ϣΪȫΨһĽ㣡
һ̣㳡û˳һİ÷·
Χ۵źŵӣԼӢӡĵӣȫɴ۾һؿҶǸо·ʣ⡭ôܣ
ô
ԭΪһսҶһ
ʵȴǿһЦ˶õҶսѹ磬ԪڵľԽսɹһȭɳ磡
⡭ǵ𺳼ֱ޷ݣ
ҶԳжϣֱе
ɵӵ
⡭
̨ϣ󲿷ֳûղŵİ顣
ǻţθҶһ̵ĽѵҶ죬˵ĵ
û뵽һת۵ĹҶ㽫ˣҿΣֹۡ
һĻˣһͷҡĸ˹һġ
ĺϲӣҶıȫԤϣû뵽ҶѾ֮İҲû뵽ҶȻܹ˾˵һȭ
սȥμԪǵŴĻܹɨвţ
ҶӮˣ
һȭˣ
ͯ糿ǰһУ͵͵Լֱһ£ҵʹ֪һжǻþʵġ
Ҷ̫ˣ
ͯ糿ǻϲΪ̫˫Щ졣
һֱҶᱻ۸һҲûܹҶвˡ
ģĸס
ͯ촽ϵĲţԭΪѾǷǳŵˣԪؾд˲һʱ֮İ
ĳɼ˵Ƿǳ˵ģû뵽Ҷһжûͱ˵
ͯƺﱻζʲôǾζһΪϣӴΪˣҲṳ֮̂Ŀˡ
һУ⸴ӡ
ҶȻǳˣȴʧĵӡһִģԳ˺
˵ûҶĻ뽫ͯ糿磬óԼŵλá
ڡ
Ѿһˣ
Ҷʲôղŵıǹƽһսκ˶ȫԸ
£ʧ⣡
⡭
ͯ鸴ӵͬʱЩ׷ѾȫɵˣͬʱоһıҶ綼սܣҶرĻǸô죿
һ̣ĺԼվ˶飬˵ʲôѾˣֻҶܹˡǡ
Ȼǿֵز
̫һԺﲻϵҶղһȭޱȡ
ϾҶǰŸոͨӢӴĵӡ
£һʿ˵ʱ̫ˣʵǺġ
Ҷȴħ䣬Ӳؽʵһŵĵز
ˣοԭڶ
ȻܹóˣҶһȭڵϣпһΪȫޡ
һܵ˵ˣ
аͬʱ㲻ܺҶѣҲԲҶΪУ


1046 ķڷؽ
Ҷһȭɳ磬䳹Ϊһˣޱȡ
ͯȻԼŵӱˣҲûа취ôпᣬ˲Ϣ䣬˭Ҳұ֤⡣
ֳΪжûüֹҾķ˵ˡ
ӻ֣ͯߵȽ̧ȥˣȻΪסˣҲýס鷳ʹˡ
һյʱ䣬㳡һƬž˶Ҷʯ쾪һȭ𾪵Ըӣ˼άһƬհס
ֱ类̧֮ЩӲŷ׷״лعҶĿн֯Ÿӵ
оη壬ҲĽͼʡ
һսʣҶȵռݺĵӵһ˵ıҲûܹĵλ
ЩԭһɾҪҶһµĺĵҲûƢˡ
Ҷ֮Ĺ̥սʤǻƾʲôսҶ
ȻʮָӣͯƻǺܺõĿԼ̨ɨһ̨µڶӡ
Ŀںĵӵķ򣬳սҶʤҪսҶ𣿡
кĵȫĬȻˣûһԸ̨Ҷս
ЦҶ綼ϵˣǻ֮ߵĸԶһЩսҶǸԼ֮˾ţǻûôۡ
ѾûսҶˣεĺĵӴҲѾĻˡ
ȻûսǰӣôҶսɹΪĵӵһĵһţһºμԪǾе½Ԫ
ͯƵ£ҶΪĵӵһѾ˶֣˿̾˲Ҳûˡ
ȻҲ˲֮ǰͯѯʻû˭սҶʱûһ˸վʱվˡ
ҶضѹȺۣԪھ
̨¾ӢȺУҲ֪˭ȺôһɤӣʱӮ˴ҵĸ͡
һʱ䣬㳡ϣҶ˷֮ǰʱ֡
ͯƺһڳ˭ҲûȥֹЩǵΪǴǷĵĶҶ壬Żˡ
ȺУԭóݺݽѵҶһٵЩ׷ǣȴı͡
̨ĿҶǵĿг˾η;壬ĵġ
Ϊ֪ǿһЩƢҶͳһһرˣԺҪѪù
Ҷ˴һʶǻôǣ
бȻ⵽˵
վĺǱҪеֿΪԼµģû˻ͬǡ
Ҷֵܣϲ
ͯ˻ص̨ҶҲصĵӵ̫֮һһҶͳԼĹء
Ҷѣ
ҶһЦ˿ûкĵӵһ˵ļӣɺ֮ǰһ͡
һ̫һǳпҲǺĵӵһˣʲô˵ӴһƬˡ
һϣҶԶʤ岻ѡ
Ҷʦܣ֮ǰ̫ˣǸϣ㲻Ҫȥ
ԭںĵеڶľҵ֮󣬻ǾԼ𣬳ҶɸΪ񲯣һ¹ϵ
ʦ֣˵ҿɾͲˡ
ҶȰɫʱͻȻһתϵؿ۾Ϊʿߵľһ쿹ĵ·ûһУİɣҸûȥΪУҲУ
һ㶣Ҷ˫֣ҶȻʵǿ֮ǰҲ㣬ڣˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˫֣ס֣յһ̣Ҷܵ߰ϡ
꣬ҿɼǵСӴӲ˵ģ˭仰̫ˡչҲԼĴָ˵ϣһؿ˵
չɣСƤǲǣȻҶĶ֣㻹ڻ¡
ѵõûзƢҲûÿԼ֣вչɵ
չ˿ںҲţȻҴ򲻹㣬ҿҲôףˣܴĿɲֹҶֵһ
˵ţչ̫һۣ̫һȻԼַ˵ϣԺǾֵܣЭΪ⣡
ôٵأȻϺȵģҲܰ°ɣ
ͯ糿ԭվһԿҶ̫һǣ¶ƺ飬ȴûǰΪ֪ʱ֮ĽʺϲС
ʱѾֵ֮֮Ľˣ¹ŵҫΪ֮һȻһҲҪǰˡ
ͯ糿ԼСִ̫һϣΪ˱ڵͬ۹ãųѣΪ⡣
̫һɫŹֵĺͽչɡ֮һ£ԼͬĳԼ֡
ͯ糿һ׼ûУһգȻ䣬ץסҶ˫֡
չɹЦһ֣ץסҶţһҶָͯ糿Сϡ
̫һ˵Ҳѹ˵ֵһ顣
ͯ糿һСߵͨ죬һţҲˣ۸ң
˵꣬ԼС֣ҲƵĶ㵽˴ϵͷС¹ײ۾мܵγˮ
ĺҲʲôˣ׽һЦСѾͷ㲻㵽㸸ȥΪʲô㵽ϷΪϷ𣿡
Цŵʱ򣬿̨λҲڷ׷š
û뵽û뵽ҶȻҲ֮İ壬ҺԣȳҪµöࡣ
ûϿҶƺԪڵΪ۹ܹʥ̥ڵʿһϳˡ
ҸҴģžûôĵӣҶξԿԪǵȡòƵĳɼ
ҲΪźԪȻҲѩصĵӣձҪֻʥ̥µĵӲμӣǵĵӲǿҶ
ղŵսȻûг̫ʱ䣬һ߶֪ȫҶһȭϵܹҶʵսѾﵽһǳֲľˡ
λϵۣͯƵٺһЩȻʧԼһʲĵӣȴҶһΪĵӡ
ΪŵĳԶչͯƾãʧһ粢ǲܽܵģһҶǽɵ𣬸ٶĴҲֵõġ
ţͽ˺ĵӴĵһƷأ̫˰ɣ
Լĵӣĺʮֵ⣬ͯǰȴ̯ǰ
ͯƿЦãȴҲ֪ϿɲǺúŪģǲܸһĽ϶ݡ
˺ܾãͯƲ˵ɣҶϣΪ´һֻ˺ĵӵһɲμŴҾڽһУ֮еʯҶʹá
ʲʲô
һȳȫȻ




1047 ܿ
ţؽǲ̫ˣ˼
߳üͷãҶȫ濪ŵʯֽʵ̫ˡ
߳ϣ㲻ͬҵľ˵˵ɡ
ͯȻؽľʵҲʵЩۣϾһŵʯһӣ⻹ǵһΡ
˼֪ʯһŰĸκһţʯĴŵķչ
߳٩٩̸Լ׼õһ˵ŵʯͲ࣬Ҫڶеĵ֮ãҶĵʯ̫ĻòʧӵĲԣջظղŵĳŵ
ĻӮǵһͬϾҶеʯʹȨǱļÿµʯӦ漰棬Ȼɡ
߳ϣԲӡ
Զû˵Ķʵһû뵽ŵʯΪʲô٣ԭеĵλԶǰҶܹΪȡһóɼĻɵĵλ̾ͻһҶպΪǿߣȻҲˮǴߣǳԶͶʣ֧ŵľ
û˵öԣԶǱнǣӦýĿŵóԶһЩܾǰһӬͷСͻСʧǲĵòʧأ
ǣҶĳɼʵȫ
ۿг϶Լվһߣ߳Ҳֻ㬵ı֪ͣԼô˵Ҳ˵ôˣǵѡ
ʯҶʹð
ɳͷһذ
̨ڵһ·˺۲һҶܹõؽĽʺޡ
Ҳ֪ؽԼԵҲֻĬĬĽһ
Ҷźڶ೤ǵ֮и˷ܣ֪ô೤ǵ֧֣ؽѾǰ϶ˡ
ҶĽ֮־һҵۣ㳾䶨ɺĵӴԲĽˡ
ĺҶ굺ǸԪŨĶ
ʱͯҲ˴ʯҶڽһ֮á
ǰʯͯߵˣڷʯ֮󣬶Ҷ˵Щģ˵ˣǲõĻܿڣҪǻᾡġ
ŵˣʯֳʮռҶУͬʱҶĶͯеĳϣҶİȫ
˵ʱ˿̣УҶڵ굺ȫĵطֻӬҲ
һУͯһѾȫҶ˲صˡ
ȻԪ֪ҶɣҲ벻̶һ겻ʱУҶѾ̥ǰı仯ˡ
ÿһϴеĵ塢ʥءϴڶԼţɳ֮ǰǾԲġ
Ҷɵ壬ЩĴûκΨһͬľǣʵ̫ˣǾȫܹ֮Ҷʲô̶Ҳδ֪֮
Щ̶ǳ۹似ԴԶԼСҪǿ̫ˡ
ɲôͯƾãԼѾˣܼķΧ֮ڣҶ֧֡
ףҶֽһ֮İϣ״
ͯƸոһʻûأͯ糿߽ߣ˫ֱһ첲ҡ
֮ⲻھưɣŮǵС˼ùңͯ簮ŮͷҡͷʧЦ
ʲô˼ڿǺĵǰһҲϣŮһºıϺȣ˼ҶɣҶֽһ֮İһҲð
ͯ糿Сɺ죬ҡŸ׵ֱۣԼҶĿġ
ͯ΢΢һЦ֪ԼŮƤȻǸŮ֮䣬Ҳ˵̫ˡ
һ£ҲãȥɣͬҲûã㻹Ҫϵһأˡ
Ҿ֪ˣھ͹ȥˡ
˵꣬ͯ糿һֻ˷ܵСһı߳˷䣬굺Ϸ
ĺҶʲôͻȻӦ߿ٷһ֪ͯ糿ˣҶЦһ¡
СѾͷʲôԼúȥ׽Цͯ糿ʵ
ͯ糿ĶʵҲ굺ϣλñҶڵλûҪá
ʦһЩϵҪҶ̣Һһ𣿡
ͯ糿ǳҲ֪ĺгѽһҶĵӣҪҶҪһء
ʲôϵҰָ㣬鷳Ҷ˰ɣ
ĺȻ֪ͯ糿ҪҶദΪֽϵ飬Ϊ˵һ£˵ѡ
ͯ糿ĹĵĵĺһۣͻȻЦ̫ˣʦһ£ô֮أʦָ̡
ĺһӿˣЦһ龫ֵСѾͷϷˣҲ֪㻹Ҷ̰ɡ
֮Ҳû򵽣ôָͯ糿Ҳ֪ͯ糿ǹģĿľΪС
ʦ⡭
غԼҶҲٱֳĬˣĺͶһʵ
СЩȻ֪ôԪؾлģҲƴĳɾ֮͡һһڣųжȣ̫Ҳã̲Ҳúú÷һԼˣһٱչɣ
ĺЦŽ͵һû˵ôǿƹ°ҲܲͯӰɣ
ȻͯƶĬͯ糿Ҷֹ̫ˣ
ĺĻҶҲԼǱеˣ˽飬ͯ糿һ굺еĵ·߱ġ

ͬʱҲڴӻѹ
ĵһʱԼһԪʧĸɸɾҲϵˣһΪΪޣΪ˷ˣͷĻᶼûУ
ΪʲôΪʲô

糹ץˣԭûнҶɶ֣û뵽ܵһܡôס
УҲԴУҪȥʦûвȴʩ޸
ץ󣬳Լ侲ǿƣ´߳ԼĶ
ȻΪϣĵӱϾͨҪúܶ࣬߻޴󰭡
û뵽žȻҶôصĽŵʯȫţʹá
ո߳ԼĶԶĵ̸ҶĽǾͣ½ŲûιȥԭļƻҶǳҶҶĳ
ţ
ȳӷŭͲлعͻȻԶԶҶͯ糿˲ɢ˵Цһ¡
ۡ
ν©ַҹ꣬ӶĴóѪһ󷭹һѪǰһڣһͷԵڵء

Ƭ̹󣬳סΣ˫۷ضҶͯ糿ȥıӰŴҧгݵûҵ֮أȥֻᱻ˳Ц裡
ҶҵţԪŴضѪ岽
£óԭʵüŤеĻ漸ܷվһС




1048 ɱ
½ԱعϡʿշУҪ½ҲҪĹС
Ԫ½˵һ֮ضѡ
Ȼ
һ֮ȴɡšԪŶ
֮⣬ֲ壬嶼ǴоԶļ壬ȣ廹˲٣ϾһôǿҲܺһᲢۡ
Ҿ֮һǿһЩҷչѸ٣ʵ͵λķǳ죬кŷ֮ͥơ
УΪ䶯ǣڼǰһţʮ꣬ΪﵽԪ۷壬ʱпͻƵʥ̥Խս
ҽպܹŵĴ˵Ķ㾡ȫ֮
ʵŵ츳ԣͿڽʥ̥ͻƵʥ̥ΪԺķչеǿٶȡ
Ψ֮ǰޱȼʵԺ·ߵĸԶҲΪ㡣
һֱܵ͵ȻĴŶ֪ҳһţȴûʲôľٶ
尵ҲڽϾҳһţֻҪزۣеĵλޱȹ̣пܺƽԪݵԭе֡
ĴȻ֪ȴûʲô취ΪǵļûܹͳҾſǿߣֻʱ̡
鲻Ϊӵ͵˳紫Ϣ֪Ѿ֮İɺĵӵһڻ¡
һΪɺĵӵһˣôɵĵλɺΪļƻƽ·
ٳһţıǼһɹҵĵλˮǴߣܹŷͥ񣬳ΪԪݵĴ
ţ
أͻȻһ󼱴ٵ쳹壬һ
ˣȥ˭˽ӣҲ˵𣿳ش鷢κ˲׼ӣ
üͷҵĽǾûش˭Ҳ׼ã˭˲عأ
ܿ죬ǰȥ鿴˱ײײĻˣһײţͰ͵ĵϡ棬ˡ
ˣʲôôţ˵
뷢Զһɾþλ˲ŷŵ˶ʱһ¡
棬үˡ
˱ôһţˣϽ˵
ˣǺ°ûҪӰɣؽӵ˭̸һ
һ˵ǳˣʱ϶Կؽӵ˲Ǻ£ýӣ
Ҫ֪죬˶ҪۼչеǿҲ⣬ϳأⲻǵ˼
ǵġ棬үǱͻģˡ
ԭλ˵Ѿ˷ϵΪӣջû˵óԼȥ
ˣ𣿡
ʱ򣬳ʶ²Ӧû˸˽ӵģһһ߿ȥ
ΪһоԶӴ壬ռ㣬ΪʮԺӣסԺУʲôһҲŲ
ܿ죬ǰԺУһ۱㿴˱Χмĳ硣
ô£˭˵ģ˵𣿡һ˵һ߷ֿȺǰ
桭ҪΪұ𰡡
һ֣̲ס˵¸߿ధԼսʤĵӵһ̫һΪɺĵӴһȻֱҶϵΪԭԭĽһ顣
û˵ԼʵãϴűҶһ֣ϵ˵˵ҶıƣԼʱ͵Ϯ֣Լڷűϵ˵
Ԫգ¾ͽˡҪһĽǳҵˣܾˣ
Ŀ֮󣬳ɫܵˮתͷһԵĳμԪ˵
ģһᴦµġ
Ԫռҧ˵ⷬģڳУĵģΪĶӡ
Ҳǳ֮һʽڳҵľһ߶ѡ
ڳҵޣһѾǳˣҪţǻûôۺĲ
ʿֵҩҪϣʯҲҪϣ⹦似ȵȣԴʵš
֮£ڳĽ£Ԫҧ͵ȥȫһˡ
ҲΪɣԪղڼҵľеõ֧֣ճΪҵμ
ҽ͵ɣҲԼĴ㡣
һ棬ԽɵԴóٵԼʵɰһš
һó㶨ͯƵĶŮͯ糿໥ΪԮ׳ҵʵ
Ϊ˵õɲ֮ءİأ
ڣѾ˲֮İʵҾɵĿѾԶˡ
ʱ
羹ȻϵΪóԪôܵˣ
ԪŴûҪֻҪڱнøǸҶɱ𣿣Ԫתҵһųʵ
ѪծѪɱ׼
һ˪ȻôϲԼ׼ϼø磬Ѫ֮׻˷ŭɱƱҪԪŴϻɱҶ

ڳԼϵľʱҶĹսҲͨԪźĶ
Ȼɳ֮졭
õҶȻ֮ҳɹܳ磬ɺĵӵһϢ֮󣬺еΣ
Ҷ츳̫ˣǴӵģֻҪõܹٵ
Ӳ츳̫ˣ̶һ겻ʱ侹ȻɳѸ٣ôȥ㹻ʱͿռĻһȻԪŴجεġ
Ƭ̣ٴ̧ͷʱг˾Ĺâ
Х֣ô
Եһʵ
ֵ̳ԪźĵӵһˣҲֻһڽʥ̥ʥ̥ľš
ȫƾʦԸ
Х֪ԼʦƢʱǲҪҷĺãֻҪˡ
ţ
һ£һºԪŴϣ϶ģʱҲʲô취ɱ
ʦ
Хûκα仯ɱҶǾ֮Ͷѡ
ʦûʲôµĻӾȸˣ
ХһϹӻ֣ת뿪˷䡣
СӣжôţעҪزۣ
Хߺ󣬺һ̫ʦ˵
ԺԣΪҶɵڶײΪ˱סͨͨܣ뽫Ҷɱ




1049 ݳ޵
굺״һڿеꡣ
滨ݱ鲼Ȫ洦ɼԪŨһЩЩݵݣɢŵҩ㡣
鵺ϣһϰ鲼鵺ĸطÿжһӻ߳ھĸ
ԶһɽУһɫĻʹ⣬Ҷھڵռоš
ѾգϼεԪ֮ŨѾﵽ˽Һ̬
Ҷ굺ϣλòõģҲǳӽˡ
굺ϵԪĵΪŨĻͨҲԪ±彡ٲޣԪӳܶࡣ
ʿ˵Ļɿٶȡ
ҶĶĵشĺΪ˸һȽϺõ֮ط˶˼
ȻҲҶʵģûǿʵûкܴǱĺΪҲȨı˽Ϊȡôõ
Ͼܹӵһϯ֮أʵݵ
еĵӣǱŷǳصĲŻ굺ӵԼĶҶ굺Լһλ
ʱҶչصĶ֮һƬ⻪˸ǧʯѻΧ
Щʯͯ͹ģ㽫ſʯȥ˱һ㡣
ʱ䣬ȻЩʯǼѣʤӴôʯṩԪһӴ֡
ʯڵϱ֮ΪʯȻ˸ƣʵȴûκ
ʯĲڹŨԪҺԪΪҺ̬
Һ̬Ԫھѹȴ֮γʯ˵Ǿʯ̺żŨԪ
ȻˣʯγɵĹлָ⣬ҲʯƷʲβ롣
Щʯ̫ʣɰʯ֮ģȻƷʾ½Щûκʵľͱ֮ΪʯҲмƷʯ
ʯγҪ£Լڵϡ
ڽӴʯ֮Ҷŷϵνʡ߲ʵʯǵȼεʯˡ
ʯ˾ŲʲƷƷͼƷʯŶδм飬ȻøҶʹá
ȻˣôʯһҲǷǳӴһʲƸˡ
һңܹһʿ֮á
ҶʯһŨԪΧһ͵Ĳϱ
ת˾Ҷһ޵׶һ۶Ԫˡ
ʮѨÿѨжһССԪУԪͬʱԪеͨеԶˡ
һͶֿܶ಻Ϊ֪ϸСͨˣԪھתݡ
¹ȥˣҶߵʯѾ˲٣ôʯͨʿĻӦͻˣҶڱչ֮ǰѾﵽԪڵļ£ֻһܹԪڵż
ڱ˵Ԫڵ֮ȻһƿڣҶȴûա
˵ֻҪгʯͻƷǳ򵥣ΪԪѾΪҺ̬ѹҲˡ
еԪǾԲѹɹ̬ģؽûеڶֿܡ
ȱľͽѵû˻ĵȥԽԪѹɹ塣
ϰٽʯ֮ҶеԪڴﵽһ͵״̬
ˮһ㣬ҶͻԪڣڵԪûаӻ߼٣ȴСˡ
Һ̬ҲǷֵȼģȻԾҺ̬ȴڳ˲ٵĿ϶Ԫˡ
ûеĺȻһҲûвôȻȻͻˡ
ҶоԼڵԪȻ֮ǰͬն
ҶеǣԭֵɫѪҺ͹֮У·һɫζȻܵȴǳǿ
һδεϴҶԼŷǳ֪֪ôģһԿ϶ѪҺ͹ɫᷢı䡣
ҽѧĽǶ˵ǹͷܶˣԼӲҲ֮ӣӵʲô̶ȴ֪
ͻ֮ҶԪڵľȹһĵٵʯ
Ƚȫȹ֮ҶûгأǾԪԼ
ͯ˵ˣһ£ڵʯʹãȻ˷ѣ
˵ÿͻһ綼ҪԪУ֮ǿ󣬲ģҪҲǳˡ
ռ䣬ҶʯԼΧֲһС͵ľ󣬷ֹЩʯеԪй
ҶתԪһδεĳԪ壬ҪԪƾѪ֮вС
һ൱ʹḶ́Ҷľε֮Ѿǳͣ׳ơ
Ҷҧأһδεĳճ˾Ԫһϴˢűͷǳ̵Ѫ⡢Ǻ
һǳʹĹ̡
һʼҶ˺ѵʹҳ鴤ϽѺۣѪ߰ߡ
Щ˺۱Ѫŵٶ죬ֹѵ±ѪȾ죬òҡ
һֱڰй۲̲סͷҶԣ־˵һҲǶġ
ûᶨ־ûܼסַ˵ʹ࣬ͷǼûκ
ɹǽңżȻÿһǿܹ֮ӵбȴ˸ǿʵȻǾ˿ѵġ
ҪǰԹ˺ȻɡûиͲջ
ҶȻ֪ڹעԼΪǿΪܹõȥΪѰĸףҪͦ
һҪԭǾǵ֮ͨȻӡˣӡȹ̣뾡ǿռͨ׷ӡˡ
Ϊ˵İΣδԺҲزȥҲϧ
Ԫһ޸ֱԪݽߣҶͣʯԪתΪԪ
ԪͣٴνԪѭ֮С
Ҷʹ֮䲻ϵѭţУԪڵľҲȹޱʵ
һֱǧʯȫĵҶͣһ壬׼߳ռ䣬Ҫʯʱ仹ʮ죬ӵռ˵ʱ㹻ˡ

ϴռԻһ߿ҶһҡͷСӣ治򵥰ȻֻԪڵľ磬ѾﵽԪļ£뵱Ԫȶѷɫ
ĺڴ㽫Ԫ֮ǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ
Ҳڴ
Ҷ˫ȭգ־




1050 
ҶĶոմ򿪵һ˲䣬һЩˡ
ܿ죬Ӹ𷢷ʯĵ˹Ҷ˵ʲôҪ𣿡
ҶЩ˼ĵǡǸҵʯˣܲٸ׼һЩ
áˣ
ҶĻ뾪ҧԼͷ
ҶһʲôĹ̥
ǿǧʯ
ȻͻԪڣҲòôʯɣ
һʯԣʮʱҲܳ갡
һʱ䣬ǿһ㿴Ҷһͷ񱼶
Ǹǲ㰡ܽȥ𣿡
ʵЩţôʯʮˡ
ɣ
ҶͽˣȻǽȥΪгһѺľԪķʯͷ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
̫˼ˣ
˿ǳɶѵķʯ֮󣬳֮Ѿ˵κλ
ƾǵȻܹЩûκιʵķʯԭȵʯ٣ֻʯеԪѾĴˡ
ԵƬ̣Ϊʯ
֤Ҷû˷˿ʯȷˣ˳֮ʲôҲ˵ֻܾҶõʯ
ʲôˣΪʯǴײ˲ɣֱǰܼӰ
ʯֿĳһ˵ҶȥǧʯˣʱӶɳˡ
ϣҲ֪Щ˼ȷģȥһ£еʯеԪĸɾˣҲˡ
Ҳƣ˵ǧʯ㹻һʥ̥ʿܾˣҶոմԪͻƵԪڶѣȫˣȫ߸ʶ
ɣٸȥһǧʯҵҪܲĵһɶ
زֿĳҲΪƣɿʯȻ٣Ҳġ

Ҷ֪ԼΪÿزֿĳˡ
õһǧʯٴαչء
£
һǧʯҶһ붼ûĵ㽫Ԫڽ˼£ͻƼǲܣҪһʱȥͳ
δҶҲһδεĴﵽһ£ԪڵԪѾûκЧˡ
һ£ҶòֹͣŰʽ
ռҶҺԪҲûЧ֮Ҷ㿪ʼĥЩҺ
ԪؾУȻ˲֮İ壬볹򻹲Զ
ҶᣬԿܷ۶Ϊ֮ĶȻܹĻսһ˼
Сӣ׷ˣ㲻ɲԪؾҺȻ󣬵û֮֮ù
ҶҺʱԻ˵㲻һ·ɽĵʽա
ɽ
Ҷ룬˵Ҳ޵ȻϬԵǿҲѸģҺĲС
ùĲ罫ɽͬʱҲһΪ
ʱ䣬Լˣ
ǲԵġ
ϾͬһַǳǿĹֶΡ
ǣڻû֪˫޵£ܹҲһԪڵĻһɱʮĵơ
ڹؼʱ̣ΪܹŤתսֵãҲܶһֶΡ
뵽Ҷϥȥɽʽ
ԭԺвûзɽʽľ壬һʼʽաİϪȪһͷʡ
ɽʽԻաȡԽ֮⣬ٶȷӵޣһɳա
Ԫ޹޻ͨһ㣬ٶ֮죬ܹԽռûˡ
Ҷϵĸšա⣬һ֣һҶɵɳϹת֮ǰòһˡ
ô£
ԭҶɵȻʺƷʶҲԲϹתҶɵϾʲô
Ҷǳ棬һɵתͣǰ·ʲôһһ
Ҷϸ۲һŷ֣ԭϾȻƣӵܹоһ˿֮ת
ʱҶŻȻԭҶɵԼnʱ򱻴Һ֮УմȾ֮
ֵǣҶɵƷʲôðڵ˵Ҳ˵Ʒʵķֻεˣ㲻ϡ
ɾεķȴûл֮£ں֮Ʒ˼
Ȼˣɵ˵Щ̫ˣķˣҶЩϲ⡣
Ҷ֪ǣҺ磬ҲǼΪıҶɵҺ֮УƷʷ仯ֵ֡
Ͼ׳Ա߶׻ҩ
ݡ
ҶԷɽʽ߶Ҷɵ־Ȼʹָһ㣬ްɬĸо·ԼѾϰܶһô£
˼ҶӿԼӡ
һʹ÷ɽ֮⣬ûйעԼɳ
ӣҶȻ֣ͷӡѨеѾԭαΣ˸ɫĹâһʱͱһɫ·޺һ㡣
Źһ£֪䣬ȻѾɳԪڣΪƽˡ
Լδô£
ҶɻʱϵǲǾͦȵģ㲢ûпΪʲôȻ֮죿
ҶʵʵĵͷһɻĿϣȴĽ͡
ԭܼ򵥣ȻûпҲǾ־ǹҹģǶɲ֡ʱ򣬳˾޴ʹ࣬־ܾ޴ʹͬʱľҲٵţҲڲ֪׳󡣡
ԣŻڲֵ֪ز
ЦеҶ͵ʵеͨģۣ˫ޣڳɵ֮һΪѾǿһ޷ĵز
˵Ͻ壬ҲǶ־ĥˣԳƵϴ۵Ĺ
ԭˡ
ҶȻ򣬾̾ھǿ
̾Ҷû˶˷ܵԣǼɽʽգ
һɵ˲գٶȿ磡
ҶпѣաһʽɽֱΪ˴ɱ׼ģʵ̫ˡ

һµʱҴҶҶѾȫˡա⣬շģԲת⡣
һ죬Ҷӵʦĺ֪ͨ׼ǰԪǲμŴ
Ҷҵֱӿأ߳ɽ
ոճزãĺ巽ɹѾͻƵԪڣʵҶĻϲ
ʦʲôʱҪ׼һЩʲô
ҶЩȲǰԪǣͨŴԼıչЧԼڵʵ˺ֵز
Ȳż
ǸܵҶļУĺЦһȥһ壬̫ϳɽչصĵطغصһˣת㣬غȥҪر




1051 ر
СӣɱɵؾܾҲģƽʱһëΣѵλᣬʲôԲˡ
ĺ˵ֲ꣬ĵز
֪ҶΪ˿ձ˵ĶβһɽܹóлĿ϶ẮˣһҶһƴ˳ջȥĻпٳˡ
İɣʦ֪ô
ҶȻʧЦû뵽ԼʦȻߥԼҪɽϵı
ʵ˵ҶҲʳŲظ֮ˣֻҪԼõϵȻɵƴǲҪ
ǾͺãȥɣΪʦ㣬ҾͲŹȥˣ˵л
ĺȻԸƧҲɵ֪ڳĻƾɽһëεԸ񣬿²Ҷ̫õĶȥĻɽ˼ŪҶ

֮һҲһصأеĳϣ̫ϳ֮⣬ûλʸӵһΪԼչ֮ء
굺ɵλãȥκһ嶼ܷ㣬ҶշУʡ˲ٵʱ䣬ֱ߹ȥġ
Ƭ֮Ҷִ壬ɽϱչصĵطȥ
طڶбչزͬϷнЩǳԼȻΪһΪˡ
ɽϱչصһʯ®һɫʯͷûκľƷСԺеΰʶʯʵġ
ҶСԺʱСԺѾˡ
ҶʶһķɽһȻͯơ
ҶСԺеʱ۾ضһʯǰ塣
̵֮ʱҶʱסˣȻǵϻϵΧ塣
羿͵ʲôϵ
ѵԶʱڣе粻ɣΧôᴫ
ȻķǳȣҶεĺܺãһҲû¶վһϸϸ۲˵֡
Χ壬ҶȻƲʲôּģҲ漰һҪӮס
⻹Ҫ鹦
ʱȤ֮㷺˷ָûûԹġ
ҶСʱоΧ֮Ҷ
Ҷѧ׶ΣӮ٣֮ͨһζûӮôӵۣˤ̣ҲҶˣ̫
һУֻΪΧ츳ԣΧһ仰ʮ겻ɹ֣
һҶ㷢֣ɽϵľƲ̫룬Ȼڳһֳ󣬵ȴͯƵĺüǶãٲȵĻ类նʱɾѾˡ
ܾûдΧˣҶҲһʱظɽָһλá
һ£ʱ֮ƣֻҪ˳˼·ȥܽһֳ̻ˡ
ʱԷĴпܡ
ֱ̫ˣ
ɽҲΧ֣һ۱㿴Ҷָһ֮Ĺؼɵóһ
ֵͯüˣץ˰һӣɽϰҶ˼·һӣǲơ
ʮ֮ɽһֳڷãͯƵһˡ
һӣͯƼûκη̵ĻˣֻͶ䡣
Сӣǲǹҵҵģ岻ӣ֪𣿡
ͯĸⲻҶɽĶ֣ۿžҪӮˣҶôһ֣Ȼˣʮֲġ
ԲӣȻ岻ӣһмСأҶöԣҺ͡
ɽˬ죬ͯ޼ѷһͯӮ٣ӮһιֺǼġ
ۿҪˣû뵽Ҷָ¾Ȼ㷭Ϊʤˣˡ
ˣָͯҶϾͳԷάҶ
ߣ
ͯƺһʰ֣ʲôǾ˵ɣһ֣ҾͲӮҡ
ɽ泩վһ£Ҷ˵СϷǱǱĵӣȥ֮ǰϷҪһЩС
˵ţɽóһİҩҩһ˫ȭ֣صؽҶС
ҩɢŵҩ㣬һ֪ǷͬһҩΪҩ֮ǱҩˣҩѾİҩ䣬뱦ҩһ֮ˡ
˫ȭףȻ˿˿֮ѵãҶİȭϡ
СϽллϣҩصģѵãѾ˱ҩʣ̺ӴĲľ
ͯһԶҶܵ˫ȭȭףһʥ̥ļƷ޶ȵķӳսʺָ֮ʹá
Ϊ˵õƷ֮ǰרһԪǵķ˴ԴŪֵġ
лϵĺͣ
Ҷоæл
Ϊȭ׶Լôж
İȭں֮֮ȴûһʺϵԭĺȭѾˣ˫ȭ׿˵Ǽʱꡣ
ҶϴǰԪǲȥ׼һ£ֱӵɽȥϾˡ
ͯƼ״ӻ֣ʾҶ뿪Ҫɽɱһ̣ղĲһҪӮ
ţ
ҶһɻɽϲʺϵĴѡΪʲôųϴأ
漴ҶȻˣ϶ɽҪȫͨˣԲųǰ
ϣţȻȥˣҶ΢΢ȥ
ţȱߡ
Ҷ׼ڿշʱɽͻȻڽе
ϣʲôԸ𣿡
ɱһ̣ҿΣ
ɽ֪ԼպͯȻôһδӮҪҶԼͯƷ̵Ļᡣ

ҶΪˣ壬ҪӮˣɲɽ̫ϳϣȻɽͯƲԼôԺأ
ģСˣۣҿ
ͯƿɲҺҶ壬Ӯ˶ԴСʤ֮䣬ҪˣĶ飿

ҶЦһм˰
ɽҶΪѣֻûӻ֣Ҷȥ
Ҷߺͯƶߵɽ˵ϣ㿴Σ
ԡ츳ǱԶû˵ȷһѵõţоʵʵķԾϣܹһˣΪɣ
ɽѾǰ벽ͨǿˣҶϷı仯Ȼ
Ҳڴܹϴʣ
ͯҶȥķгڴ




1052 Ժ·
ڶ峿ɫδҶ㱻ͯ糿ˡ
Ҷ磬Ҹһ·ԿϲʣʵĻֳһ»ü
Ҷ߳ͯ糿ֱһ·ߴȥһ¡
ѩ̿ҶԼм·Щ·ĵĲˡ
Ϊˣصĥʲôʱȥ·ռбá
ڵԣ·һƷ
һսʱ·ģǱƾǱըˣ֮ǲٴˡ
·ҲӻģʹսҲܹԤģֻܶ׼һЩ·Աʱ֮衣
صɽУҶԼһѾƾɵĳѵͯ糿·
··Ϊһ°ɫڳģɫۣĺڷԺһһԵøƮݡ
ţ
߳ɽһ̣ͯ糿㿴ɵˣһ˫ĿµĽҶ˸ͨ͸
ҶÿǴ˵еһͯ糿̾
ˡ
֮ҶҲһδεбøӿʣͯ糿ˣǸеһ
ҵȻûˣûûκһ˼
ͯ糿С죬ݴ˵˴ڣ۶׷Ѱ˵ĽŲܹɣ֮䡣
ͯ糿Լ֪֮˵һشܣ۶׷ѰɵĽŲǾ˵ɱȴ۸ǿֻǸ翶ѡ
վˣ֤ɵ֮Ԫ޾ҲվⲻһΨɲ
۶û𣿡Ҷк棬ͯ糿ʵ
һ·˵ٲ߾ҪٵˣѾɽˡ
ͯ糿һҶֱ֣ӷɳ굺ɽȥ
ɽʱ̫һչѾɽˣ˲Яֶɵ¶׽Цݡ
ͯ糿һ죬æɿҶ֣ҶֿһЩ룬ñᡣ
Ҷ·ͦģĶģ
չһȻǺˬ󷽣Ҳ٣÷˵ر
һ۾ͿҶϵ·֪ͯ糿͵ģȴװɲ֪ӣһ

Ҷһͷ
ˣ˶ˣɣ
Ҷ֪ôشʱųһ仰Χˡ

һ֣зɳһɫۣӭ籩ǣȵͣڿУʮ˶´ࡣ
ಣ
˵ۣųϲƿնȥٶ֮죬һʵǡ
ϣǶǵһβμԪǵŴʲôҪעǰˣ϶֪һЩϸڣҽ£
ϣչͲסį̲סųйδһЩϸںͽɡ
˽һб޻Ǵ⵱ģ·֪ʲôʱܵԪǣһ·Ҫ
̫һǳϧһֳĬǽŶ岻ƨ
ȻѾǰӣ˵ƢԸһ׼öţҶĵĺá
ͯ糿һֱҶߣô֦ҶСڣҲ֪ڴҶһǵ顣
ҶҲҪͯ糿ĸܣһǵС쭵ĻԺеĳˡ
ȥֻųݳȻκ˵ңŵƢܶԣųΪʦ
ȻΪԭûгΪͽܣ˵Ĺϵǲģžָ
ҲˣŸųϵǰ˷
˵ˣʵҲûе˽һ´ܲǻ¡
ҶʵҲʣûпھͱչˣŶϵĽܡ
̫һͯ糿Ҳֱ壬֪йδһЩõʱΪ˽ǿɲԼˣͬʱɵˣǿɳе
ôѧãҾ͸ǽ
Ž˶λ֮㲻òˣʯǶУֻҪʯеԪûĸɾ۵ٶȾͲ
˵ŴǿѾˣյĴ۶дĴ߳ġ
˸۵ǰδһЩעҶϸĽһ顣
˵½Ϊ򡢱ÿһ򶼼ΪҺ
ÿַΪɸݣڵԪݱһ
ÿŻߴоԶļ塣
׶Σݡ½
ÿһݵǰʮɲμÿһǰʮʥءšԺѡУ
ԺָԺ͵Ժ½ĳӵĹͶԺڸڶ̺࣬ʵȫڵ壬й֮޲Сƶſĵط
Сӣ½ƣԺǲ֮ѡʱ㲻ԵõḻԴ࣡
һܹõԺصпϵ·ǧɱһѪ·֤ɵۡ
ȻˣҲпڴɳڷ̭Ϳ˵ĻԵˡ
ÿһʥغ͵壬Լϴڶоų֣ЩŶϵ·һս
˵·һѪǣ̾͵ģһǿݣһ˳ɵۣʱ˶̤ʯ廹塣ңʱڵĸ塢ʥš
ἰԺʱϳѡ
ҶûϽĬĬ
˶ľŻᱻԺѡ֮⣬һЩСŵŻᱻһЩĳС
һЩУ۶Բĸ˻Ŷо޴桪ڵҲΪϴڵһӹţʥػϴڡڱԺ󻹲Ժˣ
ĸ۵ĸʥػߵĸӹɣ
Ȼ׳һŻ۲ѣõĻرҲǼ侪˵ġ
˵ҶαֳܹڣȺۣõһĻ˵ͻᱻĳʥؿˡ
ʥأһʿ˵һ죬ʥΪܹ͵ͥӴȻͬСɡ
ȻˣЩǱڵĺôϵĺôϣܹǰʮĻзĽһԽԪؾȥһ
ԪؾԪһǳĵطؾӵиҩر֮ģв似͹
õĻؾ֮󣬲пջ񵽴ҩпܻһر
ȻˣõĻпܴһЩ似˵ĵط
ôĽпܻʥػߵĺôǰμӵȻ١
ıҲкܶƣȱ䣬Բܳʮ꣬
ΪԪϣ׼ҲΪԱİȫ롣
ʲô˶һŵĻδĳæٶֶûãϾһݵź͹Ҷţëÿһ͹æýͷöˡ
ҶڣΪһеѶȣǰʮǿȡġţʱһҪ봫˵еԪؾܲܶһ컯
ŵչɿʼ
̫һδڣҲһĦȭƵӡ
ԺʥؿУҪһıбͻȲôԶˣ֮ԪǵıȻԪؾܲؾҵҪҩ
ͬʱҶ˼š




1053 Ԫ
۵ٶȷǳ죬ʱ֮ңյʱҶѾϿԶǧĳǽ;޴ĳš
⻹һ½˿ܼĳǳأֱӱԪǵĺΰˣ
ûп˵еĹų֮ǰҶԪǵӣ֪ۿ֪ԼжôĲ԰ס
ǧĳǽԼɣǽϲ˰߲ĵۼ˵ųܹս
ǧԾŲⲻܲ˵һ漣ڵϣûһųܹǧ֮ãȫս֮С
ھųǻʮʱۣ˻£˳ſĴ·Ԫȥ
ԽǿԪǣҶԽܹܵһɺصʷɣ
߲ǽ˵ĿѺͻԻͣ·֯нгвʿȴûһ˸ɴҡڵĴӳǽϿշɽС
ŵʱŵʿݣλʿʱɫĽҶý˳С
ĳţҶһ˺ܿ֯Ľֵϣʯ̾͵Ĵ·ߵ˶ˣĥø⻬
Ծ۴αȽڶҶֻصļóгĸо
¹еĳ׳Ůĳݣʿ˲Ѫ
ֳ
ΧϤĽҶЩпͨ˺͵ͨ˼ûʲôΪһæµ
ʿǿģǼįģֻ־ᶨ˲ߵ󣬲쳾ķ˫ۡ
һ֪Уߵʣµļûͨˣȫʿ
ʱҶע⵽ΧҲˣչɺͯ糿°ȻϵԵ̯ȥ֪ҪЩʲô
֥ҩѾǧҩˣ߹·Ҫ
ݡѪ˦ˣûˣֻһΣȵȵð
ѪƷɱ˲ѪʵΪɱ˷Ż𣬾ӼУرֻҪѪߡ
׷ѥٶȼӳɰٷ֮ʮ׷ĲֻҪһѪͿɵõ
ϹŲرͼһٽＫƷʯԵĿ˦ϴģһʮ
Ҷʱɵˣ⵽ʲôطˣ
ôЩƽʱѵһҩ·̯Ͻ
ʲôʱôֵǮˣ
һҶ֣ԼŲ֪ߵһƫƧĽֵֵϡϡİŲٵ̯ӣЩ̯λϾȻڷһЩƽʱѼҩ
ЩҪҲݣǸϹŲرͼϹͷ֮⣬˶ҶҲûʲôҩ֮ĿԽֻܿ۽ѡ
ͯ糿ͽչȻʱʱĻܵ˼̯λϿȴûһԸ⽻
ϵȷһЩҩ֮ģãûҲóȻһˣ޶ûضȥ
ϣǾôĽҩİڳѵͲɱ˶ᱦҪһٷˣϴһɾͷˣ
Ҷǳ⣬˵һǿʳûһʵϴ̫öĻױ˶ϵġ
ۣ
ȻʧЦİɣﲻᷢɱ˶ᱦģԪǵĳʵֲ˵ͨǿߣĳ
¹أԪڣϽɱΥ߸ɱۣвٵľʿڲϵѲߣ˭ҲƤӵ¡
˵ˣΪЩνҩ𣿱ɵˣЩǼٵģôˣõȥˣԱ˳ŵģ
ҶȻʧЦû뵽ЩľȻüٶˣ֪ǲǸ˼԰ٸѧġ
ֻҪĵطͻٵĳ֣Ҳ⡣
ȻȥǿԵģҶһ·ϵ˲ټʶܶĵر֮ǰֶû˵βǼ٣Ǽˡ
ܿ죬һ˱㴩ĽֵսһֵĴ֣ԶһЩȽϸߵľ¥
չʱǳԷʱ򣬼ÿ¥ˣȭƱյڶ
Ӿ¥дķζһӽ˵ʳˣȻʿԺܳʱ䲻óԷʳҲ̲סʳָ󶯡
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ŴֱӴȺһʮֵֽĶǿһ¥
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һСп˽ţæƨƨߵӭҶýһſϡ
ʲôֲ˾ϡ
ǹԸˬ˻ȥܹ֮ͯƱŲأ
ǵĲ˵λŵɣ
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С
˵ϵĲʽʱҶ̲סһЩʽõʳľȻǸ޵һЩҩԵĺöѹ˾Ȼһͷʥ̥޵⣬Ҿ¥ϰȻ
ǵɣ㣬ʲô͵ʲôһˬӣӻ֣ʾ˿ˡ
̫һ˸Եһ̫Ĳţչԥһ£ҲһĲˣתҶҶһ׵ݸͯ糿
Ƕˣҵ㣡һʥ̥޿⣡
ͯ糿˶ûеˣԼ˵¥Ҳõһˡ
ȷˣ
Сһҵ˵˿ɲ࣬϶ͷġ
ǰʲô𣿡ſŵСЦеʵ
û⣬λ͹Եȣ
СŲ˵ҲƵȥҾ¥ϰȥˣôҪĿѾܹˣҪϰС
Ƭ̣СһֺҶڵǰ
λͣȻǵǵˣͲˣԵǲعͣλ
¥ϰ壬Сı֮Ҳǳһ˹к뵽¥õֺŷС
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Сϲ裬λͷԸΪϲˡ
¥ϰ˸ȦҾϷųȥˡ
ҶһźܴԲΧһһߵϲˡ
ʱ򣬸ղŵǸСͻȻܹвûвһελܻͣܲ䣿
Ϊʲôϰģôǻ䣿ͦã
ͯ糿ǳߣո£ӻûȾ˻䣬ĵ
ͯ糿Ļ䣬һĺܺ棬Ԫǻĸ۵ļһҸԪ䣿
Ԫţ
Ҷ˲ԩ·խ




1054 

СվڷУԪŶвˣʱ亹ˣ˵οǧԼҪ꼰ˡ
̫һޱ飬ϣһ˼ûУ·²ؼһ
ۣһ޵ɱɢе¶·һ㽵ˡ
չɻһ֣ںӣָϻ˸Сڹ״
ͯ糿ŭѣǸо·Ԫŵ˸ҽҪȥһ㡣
Ҷɫƽв֪ʲô
ŵɫҲÿû뵽յԪǾԪŵˣԩ·խ
ĵطſڣԣֻҪ˽ţ
ԪŵԭΪԼ˵Ԫ֮˻ԹԵعڵطû뵽һһ㶯ûУ˵˴ӷгˡ
֨
ɻУԪŵĵŶ룬ֺ߽ŷУ뿪ѵ⣬ȻǰľȻҶˣʱøҪڵĻӲŻȥˡ
һ̣ĶˣôҲû뵽ҶˣѹָҲԪŷˡ
ΪģΪ֮еìܣҲԲΪԼóλõġ
ɫʱͯ糿վһ˪ģȥ
㡭
ôԪŵӱͯ糿ѵ⣬ʱǳջ԰һᣬ༥ŭͯ糿ʱһԵͻȻɢɢһָſڣû𣿻ʲô
˵ţŽԼʥ̥۷ϢͷųһӴѹʱԪŵɫɷףһҲ˵ˡ
ʥ̥۷壬ŵһλ̫ϳϰһԪСߣʥ̥۷У϶㲻ϡ
亹Ԫŵӵϲϵ˿˶ŲŲˡ
һֻ̣ԼŵĳܾӴ֮£ֲ˶õġ
ͯ糿һµı飬·ղųǳԪŵӵ˲һ
Ҷ΢ЦѾɵ˵ĵС˵СǵĲˮأǵľӪ֮𣿽ˮӦ𣿡
ʲô裿УУȥá
СŵȶˣڲǿعϽ˷ţܵıӻ졣
ͬʱһߴ͵ߴſڣһǿƴɢƵǽԪŵӾˡ
ϡ
ԪŵӸоϵѹһᣬ֪ԼŵĳˣϽ˵⣬Լŵĳʺá
ò͵ԪŴӵ̫ϳϣۼƽġ
Ԫŵ̫ϳϰڰֹ֣ӵĻۿţЦţԴСǺô簡
˵˵磬Ҳû뵽ȻˣɽתˮתԵţ
һɵӣ·ûһ˭֪ԡ
ϻ˵ģԪŰˣղӵǰλҲûʲôȴͷϢе˵ȥɣ
֪ŵʵǿģƤģԼռ˲˵Ҳû壬ֱ⡣
ǶҪ󵽰ɣǾ¥ϰģˣȻҪǵķ䣬ѵǻ˲ɣ
ûſڣͯ糿ĽĻ˻ȥ
СѾͷƬӣ˵С޲ķݶұ죡
üͷһΪãȴãֻѹˣͼͯ糿졣
˵ţ߽˷УͬԪŵҲ߽˷䡣
϶˭ˣ
羹Ȼ߽˷䣬ҶһֱӸˡ
˻һ⽭ԪŵĵӾˣź̫һ˶ˣû뵽ҶȻǿơ
ԷԪŵ̫ϳϣɱֵλһʵǳǿҲʥ̥ǿߡ
ǿߣҶԾɱֵǿƣǶʱĿ࿴
̫һĿɿڴһǳǿƵˣҶҵƺԪŵһ̫ϳΪ϶
һĳ鴤ҶĿгΪһܿˣȴҲûϡ
չɸŴͣһŵӡ
Ψͯ糿֪Ҷ˵ʵΪҶպ޽粻ѵԼԲŻô˵ġ
ΪӡУҶһǷǳȣڳԣԳ

ųһ㶣漴شЦҶ仰ֱ˵ĿˣԴԪŵ˾Ҫ
쵰֪ڸ˭˵𣿾ҿڳѷɣ
һԪŵĵӼ˸ԼŵĳϣʱðɣǰһҶŭ
ǰһһȣ
Ҷ˿壬ɺ䣬ԪŶҪأһҪռѽ
ǷСҵ뿴ôҶһȵģ
ԪŵĵɫȻ˵ǲ£ȴʼûǰһҶǿƸסˡ
СޣҼöˣôһǵһμ˵ţŭ塣
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬ҶϣǺˣȻˣ
ţ
Ԫ˾һΪһ֮ƽʱ˸ֱġ
磬û㣬ҪĲ˾ͿˣҪſڣǳԷ
ڣһ㶼ģΪȽҪǿôһЩԼⷽԲԿ
úúã˵֣ɭɭĵţУơ
˵꣬һ˦ӣߣ
Ҷɣ
ͻȻһԪŵĵ۶ҶɱŨ
⣿Ҷ򿪿ڵԪŵӡ
㻹ܱĴＸ죬Ǹʬ׼
Ԫŵ˵ţɱŷһѳʵ
Ԫŵһĵӣ֮ǰӵ˴ŴնɱҶ
ȻˣûҪȫʬˣ
ҶӦǿƵס




1055 Цص
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Ԫŵһһ飬޺޵Ҷһۣȥ
Ҷ磬ղ˽Х֣Ԫźĵӵһˣ״ӣʵǿڱԪŵХֵĻǧҪСģ򲻿ɴ⣡
ͯ糿ҶǽԪŸ׵ˣæѵ
ֻҪûнʥ̥㲻ΪǣҪĵҡ
Ҷ൱ţԴʵڵʵ˵Ԫ۷壬ʥ̥ڵǿߣҲһƴ֮
Сʻ괬С˵û֪ХԶԶͬСȻҲһʱţҲСӢۣҪ֪֮ʲô˶п֣ܳŴûҲμӣÿֲջʤ
Ŵ̵Ϊˣ֪Ԫ˲űÿһоž޵ų֣κһֵֶ𾴡
ϣ֪ˣҶȻţӢΪŵĽ̵ûе
ҶܹиˣҲ˵ʲôˣϾκԪŵȫƾҶǿƲûŵͷ
ƾһ㣬ҶѾŵĴ󹦳ˣ˵ɽ̫ϳϵľ˺ʹĺĵˡ
˴䶨ղȥĵСҲŵػһÿһ裬ȻϢ˳ȥˡ
ΪԪõһ¥ĳջǷǳ޵ģʳĶǸϡõѡģʿ˵̲Ѫ壬ǮԲĺö
õʳģټϺõĳգĲɫζѣҶֶԳûʲô˶θڴ󿪣˵չˡ
ӵľȻǽչˣ̫ϳţֻ˫Ūˮ죬Եøͣǰ½ܿͱʪˡ
ΪŵҲͯ糿̫һԶһûУȴҹ㻹ҹ㣬γĶԱȡ
ٷԵ൱ˣʳǰҺܿͽղŵ׵Ժȥˣӷɡ
ųԴȣ˸һһ̳Ƶ⣬Լȵһ룬Ž̳Ե
㷹ҲսһƬǽ壬ˮˮһӡ

ųϴ˸ãóһǩһһߺҶ˵ȥתתɣˣ˳㽫Щиʣ˴һ¡
ۣ
ͯ糿һЦүүܱôûϢ𣿺ôҲһСţʣµķ˻Ҫˣ
СѾͷ㶮ʲôҲԲˣң۲ܸ¥ʣ£ǮĶԩͷ
˵꣬ųһԭԲĹĵĶ˲©ƤһȥûԱһ˦ӼϵĲиʣ˽Ͼ

ҶŻеǿ߷緶ֱһͯ
ųϼԣҶͯ糿߳˰ᣬ¥ȥ
յ¥УͻȻӭһˣӦòһģ˴˼ȴǳߵúܽ
ţ
ǿҶ˵ʱҶҲǣͯ糿һҶСһ¶ļ˵ݺ֡
ͯ糿ĽܣҶ֪ԭӭľȻԪ֮еź֮еҺҵĴˡ
м䣬һʽŵĺĵӵһˣԵҵϵԶҵϵơ
ܹΪɼŶӵӳ̶ȣҪһţ֡
ʱԶ˳̸ţʱĵЦɼ˻ӭ
Ҫ֪ԪȻҲǴоԶļ壬ȻвСĲ࣬ǿĳҲ躹޶꣬һţǿᲢۡ
Ϊܳĺĵӵһˣݺ磿ȻĵϵҲҲ˵ãûкֵܵʸ
·һҲûУĵķǳͶ֪ĻΪǶۣ
¥Ȳ£ûһܿĻײһ
ʱ۾һԶ˵һ£첽ӭһЦݵĵⲻλʹһһᣬҽ
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̫һ֣þòΪԽտˣǿϲɺأ
̫һ֣̫һǿһ˿ȿ޻ѿЦݣֺһ£ͬϲҲһǹؼһˡ
ҽҡ
ЦųԼҶλؾһʱҶʦְɣ̫һֵܶĶ֣ڴĻҶʦ飬ҿɲ°뱲ӱɷˡ
ҶһݣԼס֪ˡ
Ȼ֪ˣôԪſҲѾ֪ˣ϶Լš
ֿˣܵһǳʦöѣҵʵôǳʦֵĶԣ
Ҷ΢ЦӦȻʼһӣͣҶӡ󲢲ãЩЦ滢Цصɱ˲Ѫ
ৣ
ҶڣǼ䣬˶ĿͶҶ
ƾʲôΪŵһĵӵģ
ҶֻԪΪʱжӿֳһɻ
֮кܶȻ֮ˣȴеһЩƶȷǳ˽⣬Ҳ֪ǺĵӣÿһеĴǲͬģû˸Ľһ˵λó
ˣ֮ǰ˵ھ۱йģǰʢᣬпܻһЩ벻ıһȥΣ
ҶһᣬһԴᳵ·ת˻⡣
᣿
˵ڽУҶһѾһˣûмкβͬ
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ͯ糿ȻҲˣҲ׼Ĵ棬һҶ̧Ҷĵλ
ͬʱ̫һͽչɡҲЩ⶯ִģἸҲϲһΣ㲻֣۽磬ʶҲǺõġ
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Ҷ״ͷӦ뼸һͬǰȥμᡣ




1056 ۱
Ҷ֮ԻͬһͬǰȥμĿġ
һʶһ͵ʲôͬʲôö֡
ڶײײܷƾۻ굤ĸϣڼζҩ붼û롪Щҩʵ̫̫ϡˣ綼֪˵ˡ
ۿҶͬҪȥͯ糿ʮֿģչѸȥˣȻȥʾš
һ˵ҪУҲ˲ڷˣֱ̻ʵؽʣµķһɶͽչһͬ˳
ųϣⲻһףԶҲʥ̥۷ǿߣǱҪʾ㹻𾴡
ųҲظ̰֮ˣЩȽһҲðֱѯһһЩϸڡ
ͨĽ⣬Ҷ֪νʢǰǰͿʼųﱸˣʵЩö
ε˵һЩ˶ˣνǰδС

ʶ;˺ܿ͵ڡ
˿ۣ͵ϵ̻Ի͵ͬЩϾɵĸоƽЩʷĲɣͺظС
ڴڻûʲôˣֻ¾ʿվԣŽһ㡣
ɢϢжϳ˵ΪԪ۷嵽ʥ̥֮䣬Ҳһ̾ͻʥ̥ɹʥ̥
Ҷ֪ⱲӶʥ̥ˣʵЩƫ󣬸Ҫǣʥ̥ʿֻʥ̥񱻻ˣ޷ٴ۳ʥ̥ˡ
һ˵ʥ̥飬˱ɣнûΪԾԪʥ̥֮䣬ν
ܹţɼжôǿ
ʾ
Ҷſڵʱŵͬʱǰһǰ
ûɣ˵Ҫμεᣬи㡣
Ŵֵߵǰ棬Цеؿˣһʥ̥۷Ϣͷų
ͬʱһʱҲźҶ·ϵͼϽǰƺ󹧵ԭŵǰСΪλַ
˵ţһһ֣ܿ߳һȶ˵Ůʿһɴջ
λ
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ŮʿҶһϵһֵķ䣬ǸλĹңԺʲôҪֻǽϵɫʯעԪǾͻ֪
֮Ůʿ˳䣬ȥѰǵķ䡣
Ҷһſʲôʵϣ⿴ȥǰǽǵһĿԶ̨
֮ǰҶһ£ǽǿģ϶ûκμǺţɼıܹ൱λ
Ҳֱ˭˱ᱻ˰·ɱĿܡ
һŮλҿԽ𣿡
ɣųһ֣Żˣһ쵰Ůʿһʵ߽ϵĲͲ豭ȡСΪҶһ裬Ȼó½ɫĿƬһСӷǰϡ
ɫĲˮ豭֮УʱгһƢ㣬ĿƷ֪ǼƷò衣
ղ˳һĶһ峦ȷ۵ϡ
Ļ⣬ҶжѾ˺ܶøС
Ůʿ˳ȥҶϵСӿһ£ϵϣÿһжƵһСӣǱƷƬǳν˺֡
ҶеСӣֹȻ͵Ϻƣֻûʲô豸ж˹ֻģҲΩΩФǳ档
ϣʲôͷȻܹ֯ôӴҲһɣ
Ҷһ߿еСһųʵ
ӡУɲ˭ܿģҪڰͨԣӵмǿС
һûзԼ磬ǿΪȭͷпҪǿĺ̨ỹûȿʼ¾ͱһˡ
ȻǴˣҲһ½ǶӴס
ųЦЦ۱ĺ̨һǳص֯֯鲼½ڳ֮һ
Щ۱ڴ½ؾйεᣬûһʧ֣ʥغ͵嶼ҪǼӣ˵󲻴أ
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Ҷһû뵽ԪһСطȻһӴȻܹõʥظӣɼжôǿˡ
ţ
ҶһŷеСӣȻڷһҳʱ򣬻΢ɲһ¡
͵һһȻѹĺöֻҶû뵽Ȼݡ
ƾۻ굤ıرҩ֮һʵû뵽Ȼܹεϳֱҩ
˿ļۣҶٴһʵ̫ˣ
׼۱ôߣ֪ĳʲô
۸ȻߣΪҶҲҪ£
ҶеƷϺɫĺҲ½˽һɫ̰壬ϲŭǸıԼò
б޻ıòһϳĻ׼գɱ˶ᱦ
²ûԪУܹ֤ȫǳ˳֮ɾû˱֤İȫˡ
ʱţҲԽԽˣϾҪʼˡ
ʱ̨Ѿһͷߣͦñֱһ˫۾ʱâʾ˵ʵ
Ůʿͳһɴ壬ںɴ֣ĳֹܵԪŮʿν޲ɷһ̨Ӯ˵Ŀϴ
Ůʿлͬһú첼ŵĳ壬ӾĵһƷˡ
λͬϺãϯʦȻҴ۱ӭλڰæвμεᡣ
ȻһϹȻϻ˵شҲ˵ϻģ棬ǵһƷ




1057 ֮ŭ
ž
˵䣬Ȼһ֣Ůʿͬǰе̨ϡ
λͬ뿴
Ȼһѽڳϵĺ첼һɫĺӣ͸ϣʯһ㣬һǼֵƵĹ
Ҳ˵ĵһƷʲôƾӾѾֵˡ
ʸĺʢŵĶȻҲһĶ򶼶ԲֵƵĺӡ
װʲô
һ̣˵θڶˣĶʶ֮ˣһźӱ֪Ķ²һġ
ҶڵĹȻ̨һξ룬ǿ̨ϵĶʱȴ·վԱһһ֤͸ǽҲһ˲õĶ
ղѾСӣ֪һƷʲôԾɷǳڴ
پտҲ翴ʵĳҶҲڴŵһƷܷһź졣
Ͽ򿪺ӡ
ʲô
ˣҲ˵ˣϻġ
һʱ䣬ϯУܶʿ̲סվˣҲѾıԼòֻҪִˣ۱ҲΪǵġ
һļǵӣȻԾ˹˵ƷҲǷ˺ܴľŪֵģţʺλ˵Ƕһ޶ģɾûˡ
Ͻƣĥʲô
ʱϯһڴվɤźһ˵ѹȥˡ
ȻҵθڵĲˣ֮СĴ˺ӣĶڴǰ
ҶȻڹУȴվڽǰ۲ûаǹҵĺôˡ
ĹϯϵȻҲܿ壬ܲ侳ĸо
һϽ𴸣һҲ߳Ϲ˸֮ǸźԶҶԾܹӦϽϵ
ͨƷϽ𴸣֮ŭӳɣԴ֮һλʦƷ׵ļΪǧƷʯÿμӼ۲õһǧƷʯ׼һ
ȻϯʦȻǸǵģ仰Ͻ𴸵֮ǵȼ˾ĵ֮ļ۵ȷ˵㡣
ҶţƷĳɽ۱ȻǼ产˵ģΪļֵǶţҶʶ֮ˣ˭ҲϷıȻҡ
ҲΪĶ֮ŭں֮ʺʹãѾףҪݣƷֻηˣϾڻûôۺĲܹһͷһβƷ
Ҫ֪κᣬһƷȻǾϸѡģܹ޶ȵסˣĵ˳
һѹƷ϶õĶΪѹϷǳԣϣеƷУΨġ
ȻˣҲмһЩȻ̫󣬵ǶĳЩȴǳҪĶ
ҶڱصõĻҲĵȳĶҵ
ҳǧ
Ȼ䣬Ͼ˳۾ģһαӼǧƷʯνǲƴ֡
ļӼۺܿӭһƬЦ
У㵱Ǵײأǧʯ£ȥɣ
һμӼǧŻ˭
֮ŭļֵжǧһ£

һʱ䣬һƬЦǸһμӼ۾ĵȴһҲ⣬֮ɫľȻϲŭ
ҳǧ
һʯ
һһǧ
һǧ

ʱ·Щϯϴ˷ľڶһЩеĹҲ˾ĵС
Ҷ磬ҪĻԲ뾺ģҾ֮ŭʺ㣡
ͯ糿֮һʱ俴Ҷ֪ҶѾ֮İ壬֮ŭֵĻսȻٴһ̨ס
ŴǰϦֵܹıĻ϶ܹӲٵʤ㡣
ǰҶֵܣͯʦ˵û֮ŭֱΪ׼ģҿ˭赲ڡ
չҲȰҶ֣ͯ糿뷨һҶȻ֮İ壬ô֮ŭʵˣһͨļƷҶ֮϶вٵļӳɡ
ҲҶӦûֵģΪ֮ŭȻԱҲǳãû֮Ļܹӳ֮ŭне֮ѡ
Ҷõ֮ŭ绢ʥ̥֮޵֣ǵѩصĴ˳ҶҲһƴ֮ˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ֮ŭĳɽۻߵˣҳе𣬻ǲҪˡ
û£ǾĲմҲǺõģ۸ڿɳܵķΧ֮ڣǾ͸ŵңһϹأǲͼ©ˣ
չɻЦһϵƦ¶һˮС
Ҷô죬ʵڳеĻǾͷȨ۱һѵж
һֱҶϵ˿չɵĻҲЦſˡ
ԭҶǲְͬ취ģ˵Ļ֮󣬾ôմҲá
ϣܴܲжϳһƷĸã־ڱصõĶ
Ҷ취ǰ޹˺ߣֻҪðգκһַҪɹһղðģ
ǿʼĵĻҴܲµһЩҪʲô
ɻĿҶӡУҶһأкͱ˾ġ
֮ŭļֵҶ˭Ҳ׷ֵģҶĿ϶֮ŭɳ֮⣬ʲôҪأ
͵ְɣֻҪһҶһƷ־ڱصþˡ
ҶĪһЦýչɵһͷˮ֪Ҫʲô飬ƫƫҶֲǰǣץ޲øӽҶĻ
ʱ֮ŭļ۸ѾһǧƷʯˣһˣȴû֮ŭֵԣӼۻڼš
ҶʱҲˣֻӼһǧͼӼһǧı׼ҾͼӼһ
ʱѾȫϢˣǴɢ޺һЩСŵˣޣһǧѾŻ߼ʯռкܴˡ
Ȼõ֮ŭҲŻ߼ĵȥƴǺЩƴ
е˷ҶڵҾȻҲʼ뵽ˣʱһ֪ʲôӴƷʵۺϲں֣һЧ
ȻҶӼ۲࣬ȴ־ڱصõǿѹ




1058 
ÿһҶһĿռ䣬ʲôֻҪûнƻʲôҲġ
ڱ۵ʱ򣬽Ԫ뷿ͻͨ档
ȻˣмҲǾ˸ıģòвŮ˭ҲϷֱе˾˭
Ҷļ룬øӼܿͻ֮ŭƷֵ
ֱʱϯʦȻϲ¶˻ĵ΢Ц֪۸ԶԶյĳɽۣ϶Ŵͷο϶ܴ׬һʡ
ʯʱҶͣټӼۡ
ʱҲµˣҲϾĵĿ϶źԪŵˣΪ˵õ֮ŭǻȥˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҷ֮սǼҪһ֮ԼҶ
ǻһ뷨Ǿǿܲһ֮İܹͨһƤëҲܹڶսҶʱʤ㡣
ȻǲûнҶܹʵǻǺȥġ
ʱҧгݵսĿȴ޹ǹҶ
ŵĳϺɫ࣬ҧźӼ۵ġ
û뵽ҶȻȻҼҾȥ֮ŭܹĹԲõ
ܹţĻӵ̫ϳ϶Ҫؿǡ
ŵ̫ϳ̾˿̫ˣԲҶԼΪҸҿ϶Ϊʵîˣһ˸ôӴʯ
ϣĻǲ˳ɴཫ֮ŭøˣţҸոռԪڶѣ֮ŭļӳɣҲɻ
ǳԸ˵ǰԶһΨڳǰŻʾԼĻһ档
ʱн֮ŭˣ
ɴ⣬ܹ˿𣬱һ漣ûй֮ĻƾʲôôΪĵӵһˣƴһƴʵƴҲֻܷˡ
ŵ̫ϳվټӼǧʯǵܳܵļˣٶ͵òʧˡ
ȻҲҪ֮ŭҲ֪һŵķչ벻ʯԶƷֵļ۸ĵĻʵһݳ޵˷ѡ
ͬһУХҲҧгݵš
ҶҪ֮ŭ䵽Х־͵д
ȻХҲߵҶһֱš
֮ŭֵʱ뵽ˣֱΪҶģʶΪҶ־ڱصá
ҶһõƷļӳɣҪնɱҶɾͲôˡ
ԣ۸ĴۣҪ֮ŭŪ֣
գ֮ŭԪŵХǧʯ۸Զ֮ŭԭļֵ
۱ϯʦȻֵ춼ˣһƷͲһź죬ѾƷȻпͷ
һƷ̧۵Ļվ۱Ȼ׬õҲһʿɹ۵֡
֮ŭ˼ҵľ֮ճ䶨ֻ֮󵽺ȥʯȡˡ
ȻȴڶƷ
ڶƷڼֵϺ֮ŭļƷûˣҲһ
˿ޣü֮صı˿ɣȻ׳Դ֮ϧ覴ãֻƷ׼һǧƷʯӼ⣬Ϳλ۹ˡ
ȻһЩ䣬һתλ˿ȻƷ޷֮ŭȣ˸ԼĵʹãΪԼĵӶһϣԵﳬֵ
һǧٽҪˣ
ȻĻһվһٽʯԶǲ˿޵ֵû˾ĵĻ׬ˡ
ֺǲܷģĻ䣬ϱ˿ʼӼˡ
ϣ۹⣬˿޵ֵǶ٣
УҶ˲˿֮ųʵ
覴õĻ߼ֵǧƷʯ覴þͲˣǧʯˡ
ųһ˼һпϵļ۸
ҶĬĬļУ۲澺ĵ
ʱ򣬳ֵѾˣҶ֪òں棬žȴֺöأԼرҪĶþˡ
Ȼ࣬ȴҲһЩС͵źͼϣܹĵ֣ϾǵĲţ˲١
޾ԣԪŴѾݵǿ߶˹ϴڶǰԣǺܼҵġ
ڵڻûе˿ļֵŵһǧ˰ٽ˾ˡ
󣬹ϯһٴξƣһٽﵽһǧŰٽѾ൱ӽ˿޵۸ˡ
ɾʱȴûپˣȻＱϣȴһ취ҲûУֻϰԵ˵λͬѾһǧŰٽˣûиߵģ
˵˼飬Ҳ˾ˣȻֻһǧŰٽһΣһǧŰٽڶΣһǧŰٽ
һǧŰһʮ
ʱҶˣȴֻʮ·ϯϵһƬȻ
ʮʯһͨԪһµöȣҲ˼˵
û취֮ǰ˼Ӽ⣬ҶһҲһǧŰٽ࣬췽ǻҶĳɹ
Ȼһ亹˵һȳˣһǧŰٽļ۸ĳȥĻɾˡ
ȻҲ࣬ȴϯʦԸ⿴ģҶһȻЩЦþļȥˡ
һ̣úллаˡ
ǸһǧŰٽʯ˿챻ˣۿҪˣû뵽·ɱһϣҧˣˡ
ǧҾͲˣ
汻ֱӽ۸̧ǧһĵҲռˣǵȼġ
û뵽ǣڹȻҪ䴸ʱҶ˵ˡ
ǧʮ




1059 

һ£˶֪еǸîˣҶӼ۵ȷǵһμǶſֵ̬ôճ
Ҳֺ֪öĻֲԼ־һֵǮСңˡ
һҧֱӱһԼ߼ۣԼܳܵļˣҶټӼ۵Ļͷˡ
ǧٽ
˲㾲ˣһӽ۸̫ٽǿɲٽײˣ˵ӾˣʯʿʱԪ֮⣬ʯԴһóٽԻۡ
ʱ򣬹ȻҶһֵˣҶ۸ôߡ
ʱʶԭ档
ʱ˭Ҳ˵ˣȫĿתҶڵǸңȻ֪龰ȴڲ²Ǹ˻᲻ٴγ֡
Уͯ糿ͽչɵ˶Цˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻôһ㼷˼ҡ
ʵ˿޵Ҳʺͯ糿ʹãͯ糿иõģҲм覴õĴƷ
ҶȨһ£òˣˣټӰѻĻһ˿ɾԼˡ
ǣټӼˣҲöԷึİٽʯƹһʱˡ
ʲôҶǹʼʩû˼Ӽ۵ʱԼȨżһ㣬ǵþĵ˱ף޿κΣҪĻ͵üӼۡ
ҲųϾٵķ²ľٶų϶϶ĵ˵Ĳ͵ȻҶһıķļ۸
˵Ҷж൱רҵȲὫƷԼ޶ȵĽ˵ʯѹե
һҶŭˣһʼЦҶǵŭԹ˶ҶжǼվտжֱ̫ˡ
ҶֵܣڳɹˣҹҪ߳ȥĻ϶ᱻ˸ˣ󽴶պ
չЦŶӽָۣҶ
ͯ糿͵Цû뵽ҶȻôһ棬Ŀɰ
Ҷļֵܣҷˣɽˮ֪ԺĴ磬һǵһμôء
̫һЩ죬֪Ҷ«ﵽʲôҩǱҶƺͿˡ
ųȻȫ̲ҶжҲ֪Ҷڸʲô
Ҫ˵Ҷ뾺ʲôҲûҶʲôֵĹעÿƷһţȴǽ˱Ƶɽˮʱͷˣġ
ŶҶ۹Ҳ൱ʱԼòټӼˣҶԾɼһ¡
սȴ֤ҶǶԵģԷء
һҶȻǰĵЩˣȴ˾۱ĺܻӭˡ
ȻԼæˣãĥĻ˾ܹԼϵ޷졣
ʱһȥóĶҲԽԽã۸Ȼһ·ǣҶԾͲΪûгֵĴ㣬ɵűˣЩĵڹڱס
ҶԥԥҪӲӵĶһμӼ۾ҧŵߵΪЩ˺޵
ڣͷϷҪˣóľȻһȭͷСĳѪ𣬾Բǵּ̯ٻڵĳѪ
Ȼȭͷһ飬ȴҫ۵ĺ⣬þ˾ͺһѪĺһɢųѪеϢ
һ£ԽֳƵһߡĵϡ
ѪǺеļͨ߱һѪƷһء
ȻˣôѪҪɱǲܵģǼһѷɵһ˫ӻпܡ
ԣȻޱȣЩߡ
ˣֳΪ˳ѪͷķҶȻ⶯ȴûг֣Ϊⶫ̫Сˣô󣬵Щϴڵã޲ĵ۱ǾѵĲϡ
Ҷ׼ֵʱͻȻʶепܵĻⶫ޸Ҳá
Ҷһ㶣ҧҧ뾺ĵУոպ˼μ֮ҶͷֲԾˣмƴҵ׵ĽмۣžɽҲƴЩˡ
ԣǴŵˣǣûǣһμӼ۶ǧʯһСط˵е
ҶĬȻˣҲĬȻˣôõһᣬʵǿϧû취Ҷ㽫ϵıȫóҲͱƴ
ⶫҲƫţͨ˵һʳ֮֮ζļߣɶǿ˵ȴǼΪѵõĶ
һҶûиŵңҲңҵѾ¶첲ӵ׼һˡ
Ȼ춼Цˣһε˵ǿǰĳɹһеһУҶҲкܴĹ͡
Щ˼ǿֵģľĸ͸ԵֻܿżͷĶѪƴ
ĳҲǾܿģ˻ǿýζȻ֪ļǲҲܲ³
Ҷûȥ£ڰģһѪĳۣôѹأᱻһʲôļ۸ԼĲܳɹ
ôһˣҲҪһԡ
գҵĽ𣬳ѪԼʮ۾ĳɹȻѪļֵܶ࣬ȴû˺ڡ
ǵѹˣλۣͬ
˵ţŮʿһһ߼ϻ̨ϡ
Ȼ֣صĴϻóһ겻۵ĲֻһƴСƬҶӣûлҲûйʵֻҶɢ
һжݵǳƣԿ϶һݡ
λͬһ걦ҩҩѾﵽ˰ˣݣ꣬ʶѱҩ׼۰ǧƷʯڴҿԾˡ
ȻѹݵĽܲ࣬ҲܹΪ̫ϡˣѰһ궼ѣܶ˶ʶֱҩ
ҳǧ
ҳһ

һֱһǧʱҲûԸӼˣ۸ԶԶݵֵ
ʱҶٴһǧһٽ
䣡
ϼըˣ׷վָҶ¡
жǰɣǲϵˡ
̫޳ˣÿμӼ۶ôһ㣬ⲻǼ𣿡
˵ûǵʯեˣİɡ
ȻԸۣǾøˣߣ
ļɣǲϵˣҪðˡ
һ̣˶ΪҶǸжģҲ˽ݵֵһҶһףɴ༯죬ŵЩ˶پˡ
ʱ򣬹ȻˣԹĿҶڵǸһۣһǧһٽһΣûиߵļ۸ˣ
һǧһٽڶΣݰֵǣǮ׼һ
˼һף˵Ҳϵˡ
һǧһٽɽ
µһ̣ȻԼĶˡ
ǿݣҩ




1060 û
ᵽԲҶڵĹȴƽ
˰ɣڵ˿ɶﾫﾫģôΣǲŹأ
չЦŵ٩Ҷһ䣬ѹûȥ룬Ҷ֮ǰΪֻΪ˵ͼ۾ĵ
ûϵҶ磬ʯṩóЩʯû⡣
ͯ糿οҶһǧһٽƷʯҶ϶
֧
ͯ糿Ļų϶ĬȻˣ֪ôʯһζʲô
Ҷĵ֮ŭҲͰˣƫƫһݣȻǱҩǿ۸Ҳеˡ
ϯʦ֪۸ݻÿ˵ĻǲŹ֣ռˡ
ҶȻΪӮ˲ٵʯǺõĺôȼֱһȼϡ
ҶţҲЩƷʯҲһ£ʦ֧ԮһЩӦòˡ
̫һȽȫ棬ȻϿģʵȴģֻǱһ߲Ķѡ
İɣϡС硢Ͻʦ֣ʦ֣а취Ҷ΢΢һЦȻǽϵıɫʯעԼԪ
ܿһɴŮʿ߽ǫʵλʲô𣿡
Ҷÿռóһ׻ݣжʱһɵ֮
׻ݣ
׻ݣż˾һ
һ׻ݣںḻ֮㿴Ʒʯ
Ҷ󣬵˵Ķȴը׺һһ˶ɵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻһ׻ݣ
׻ݣҶ㾹Ȼһ׻ݣ
εȸһ۱㿴׻ݺҶ֮ǰɽļһģֻûиɽϵѣƷһġ
ס׻ݣȻ׻ݣ
ŮҲɵˣȻҲܹܵ׻̺Ŀֲ֮
ͣԵƬ̣ȥСֱһ£˳ۡ
Ůʿлع񣬷ɿ˵ȻѸ뿪˷䡣
ܿ죬һ˴ԼİˡһĵŮˣһ˵ҶڵĹС
ŮϢȥû˿вȴ˾޴ѹȸС
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š
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1062 
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1064 Ϸˣ
Ҷ֮ǳ磬ͯ糿Ҳ˳
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ұɣһɧǷϲֱǷݣû뵽۲ŴԣȻһŮŷ硣
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ЩѾνˣϵҵΪҵǰ̣ҾԲù
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Ϊ˾޸ڣҶڲȱʯ
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Ҷ΢ЦŻӦд̣⼤ŭ硣
Ѿˣϰг֣߶ڣڲй¶۱ϢǰĽͭƬеյóһƷȥ
Q˼ˣ⣬ߵļ۸񣬰Ƕ£Զ㣡Ȼ类Ҷʹ˵ţ޲õҶ˺Ƭ
ô֪Ҿͳߵļ۸񣿲ʯҳʮʯⶫҪˣ
Ҷһ־ڱصõӣץͭƬ֡
ʱҶʶд߶ڣطڸ˵۱ϢȻͨҶֿٵͭƬе
ʮʯѾСĿˣ̯Ӷ´ࡣ
û뵽ҶȻĸԼîˣһμӼ۾ԼʮʱɫһǶʮʯҳʮţ
κʱвģһ˲֣ɻЩηΧԶչԺиʱ
˿̣һӳʮʯȥһ鲼ͭͭƬ׷ΪǷˣôԩͷ
С̯̯ȫˣͬʱͷϲʮʯǮĻӻܾˣ
˵ĿƷʯƷʯˡ
Ҷһοˣ赭д˶У羪ը졣
ʯΪƷƷƷͼƷ
һƷʯܹһʮƷʯ
һҶ˵ʮƷʯʵ൱ǧƷʯˣһʾ޿ˡ
ϡƷʯ
̯ԣһ󼤶ûҲȫϵµڱˡ
ৣ
ɫˢһ±ˣʮƷʯѾڵˣֻԼõܳ迴ȥ
Ĭͷ
ƷʯƷʯҳʮһƷʯ
״Цѣⲻ֪ѵҶڵĿ




1065 ľ
гϢȻҪʾԼĵܵܡ
Ҷؿ˳һۣͬʱ֪ϴ߶ѾཫͭƬеˣ½еͭƬһ̯ϣˣȻôҪг֮ҾͲˣⶫˡ
Ҷ磬ΪʲôҪˣ
ͯ糿Ҳ֣ҶٴżǧƷʯΪʲôأ
ֵǸ۸񣬱һãҿͦԵģλҲףܼһ£ȻԸߵļ۸Ǿ͸ɣϣڣҶ
ͭƬеѾոɾˣںһͨͭƬûκ𣬵ڷ
ߣûôʯͲҪװ㲻һɽҰСӶѣǵõɵҲܸǳȡֻǸʼ㿴ʲôӶʲôҲò
񶾣Ѿ˺ˣҲûʲôù˼ɵˣãҶѾ˼ˣ޼ɵھϴҶ
£ӿռóʮƷʯҵϵһЩŴչ˶ʮһƷʯ̯
һУ罫Ҷ̯ϵͭƬϸĸһ£ȴʲô쳣ҲûиӦ
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ҵľųҪͭƬȻСԼĶͷϣĸӦ
һ̣ˣڣ˵ĶˣһʲôҲǵͭ
üͷԽԽҶһԹۡ
ͯ糿գŴ۾ҶһЦЦӣó϶ǱҶϷˣˣʱ°Ȼĵſ֡
ܿ죬㽫ͭƬӶͷһûκ֮Ӧþһͭѡ
ʲôܰɣ磬ϸӦһ£᲻Ūˣ
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İ˵ҶĶˣװʧ˶ʮһƷʯڳ
ҡҡͷ磬ҵ㲻ǲ֪ҲܸӦģȷһͭκμֵûС
һֵ̯ˣû뵽һһĲֵķͭɾôһͭȻ˶ʮһöƷʯۣϵڱˡ
˻ϲ˳̯ǿˣɳͲˡ
ôԩͷŭֱվ죡
ŭ֮࣬ȻתŭؿҶˣң
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Ҷ۾˵οˣ㣬ôѵϴεĽѵô
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ûŭ£޲̽Ҷ˺ɷ飬ǧУ˲Žͷ֮ޡ
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šҵԴ
ҶҲ۾һɱ֮ɢȻˣڴһЩ
٣
ЦɱŨúΪļʱɣ
С磬ߡ
һʱҶķû˵ʲôֱӴͯ糿뿪

Ҷ뿪󲻾ãϷˣ˳һѸٴ
̶̼ʱ䣬Ԫм˲֪˲
£ٴҶΪ˵Ľ㡣
ʱ򣬲֪˭ҶԪŵ飬Լܾ߼չݵҲ
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һʱ䣬Ԫߵſڱ̸ҶĹ¼ѸΪ˱βѡѡ֮һͷǹ˱ΪԪݵһŵĳ衣
ҶַͷһʱͬвͬĿͨɢ޺С˴ǿ֣Ҳûʲô
ЩȴһΪҶߵΪʵ̫ˣǿĶ֣пܻڱ֮С
ȻˣǰҪս
νսŴеһҲǽ֮ìܵһֶΡ
˫Ҫ״ǩ֣ͬսһǩ֣вУ˫ֻһ˻߳һѰ𱨸
£˵ģᵽⳡ̺̻ͺ׷ƳԼУ׼ڱ÷ʱһʡ
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ڱʼǰ۱Ƴ˰Բˬ׬Ǯӡģ
ģߣϣڵѡֿʣöĳԵζġ
һ£ԪǶ䶯ˣǲǶͽ뿴۱󿪳ʣ˭ϣڡ
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Ҷ㲻֪£һ֪Լߣһʮ
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˵۱˲ڡԽߵ˶ϣԽСǹɡ
дҶ磬Ҳ̫۸ˣƾʲôʾôߣʵ
ͯ糿Ҷ򱧲ƽΪҶϣڵģʣֱǿҶ
Ǻ£أǸʯģ̫Բˣ
ҶЦŰοһͯ糿Ȼһһ޵Ľչɡˣŵù𣿡
ⲻϻǵȻŵùˡչɴҶһȭʲôˣ˵
Ҫһ𷢲ƣľͽеʯңҰѺע
㲻ȫѹԼɣ
ƤҪԼжǿĲ
ҲҶԣΪҶ̫漣ˣԪؾôǿ֮ûŪ󻹴׻ݻ߳
һΣҶҲһԴ漣
ûҽԼȫҵѹԼϣأŵù𣿡ҶٴοڣˮһսҲҪùھ
ԸһѺ
ͯ糿ȱ̬ԼеļҵȫóҶ
ͯʦöʲôƴһѣҲԼʯȫóҶ
ȫңֵܵĺͰˡչʹ죬ֱӽԼĿռӸҶ
ȥѺ
̫һһϧҲ⣬ֱӽԼĿռҲӸҶ
ллǵΣһʧ
Ҷӹ˵ĿռоԼϵĵ˲٣ȴʮ㡣
һڱصã




1066 ŴĻ
ǰϦҶͼìܳͻΪĲѡ֣ͬʱҲ˹У
һУʸߴʮ֮࣡
֪ʺҶϣһѣ˳Ҳͯ糿˲˽
Ҷ˵ȫҵһڻƻʱ۱Լݣŵ˵æ㱨£ҪС㡣
ŵѾʶҶˣСڵ¶ֺŷУֱȥ
лл
Ҷлֱ߽Ľ¶㣬ܿһɴŮʿ߹
ѯҶ֮ŮʿֱӽķſڣţˣҶˡ
ɡ
дǷǵģһֽĸС
Ҷ߽УȻһž޴Ӻ棬֪æµЩʲô
Ҷ鵭һЦ˸ǰһԱƼ·Ҷͷһ
Сܵܣȵʲô
վΪҶһϣ˵ɣҽʲô£
С㣬˵ǿģĵľ˭նǰɣҶɫʵ
ţȷ£Сܵ׼Ѻע𣿡ҶĶһ˫ĿѲʵ
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˵ţҶͯ糿˵ĿռóߵĲ輸ϡ
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Ǹʧ̬ˡСܵܣҳԾھۡ
ݵ𾪹˲ǵĲˮؿҶһۣȻһťùһ£жҪۡ

ܿȻУһʮ׻ݣӲûĳ
Ȼ𾪣ȻܶأûѯҶõ˶׻ݣѸ߹ȥϸؼ׻ݵƷʡ
ÿһΣᱨһμ۸
ʮ׻ݺ󣬹Ȼֽͯ糿˿ռʯһ
㡭ҪЩȫѹϣھ
ǹȻǾ۱֪ʦ̫ıʯ֪ҶеĿĺȻЩš
ֱ̫ˣ
ȫ
Ҷٴθ𸴣ش
~
鵹һ𾪵ͬʱǺ桪ţ
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Ȼ˵ɣʵǾ˼ǵġ
һ棬͹ȻҶֻԪڵΪ
Ȼ֪ҶƾԪڵΪΪɺĵӵһ˵ģҶԶڣ
һΪҳ衢ԪХ֡Ҷ֮£ǳ裬ѽԪ£ʱͻʥ̥
ߣҶͬʱˣΪ˹Уʵʵ൱ͻΧõھҲ޿ܣ
СȻǡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻֶ͹Ȼ˵㣬ϣһ£֪𣿡
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ϣܹΪұܣҲϣ֪ѺԼҶ
û⣬Ϊ˿ͱǵְ㻹Ҫ𣿡û뵽ҶȻֻôҪѯûʲôҪ
ûˣ㡢ϣǺڡҶ΢΢һЦȻͷص߳˷䡣
˴ֱʵľ޶ģȴ˷ƵţҶԶȥıӰ̲סаԼ
óҶֳƽʹȻ
ʾ֭Ҳ벻ͨҶŵ

˵ڴУԪŴĿʼڵˣؾڳǰĴ㳡ĵһ̨ϡ
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̨Ͽ̻طƣͨǿս޷ȥ㣬Ϊĳٺʲˡ
㳡Ѿɽ˺Ԫǣʿͨ˼ˣѹѹȺһۿߡ
㳡Ľ϶ˣΧĴҲ⣬ȫռˡ
ԶԶȥһϽ˳͵˲ι
αԺѵãԪݱˣΧһЩݶʿǮͨ˸Ϲμʮһεʢᡣ
ʱ̣̫ѾմأƣвѡֶѾִ
ʱ򣬴ƽ̨̫ʦվһλϵɫۣͷڵߣԵùˣһǳӸλմȨ
ƽ̨ıԵɨһ̨ˣҽױؿԪǳһְܹεĴҷǳҡ
׻˵޹زɷԲȻбĹأ˴δĹء
ȣ֪ԪźңÿһŻҶһܳŵӡ
ܹһӴŻ߹ӱΪϵĵһˣЩǵʵȻӹɵġ
ԣλڸԵŻ߼жõһŵӽѡ֡
ʵǿ˽ơķΪ飬ÿѡڱоǵһ
˰ѡ֮⣬ʣµʮѡֽóǩķһ顣
СѭƣÿһСԱҪԱԾһ
ڽʽûƵİ취ҲԪǾеõһְ취
ÿһʤ߿ɵֵĻ֣Ϊ㣬ûл֣˫ƽ֣ʤĻǾ˫һ֡
Слߣǿ
˰ǿ֮ƽѭΪ̭ԾԳǩ֣ʤ߽ǿ̭
Ȼǿվھĵ
ǶǸšоϸѡٮٮߣҲ˵ˡδĹھõһصĽƷݽƷҾ޹Ĺµʹǰ
ǰ½ķҴ˹£óΪĶ벻ģΪ˹ھΪصĽƷȼǵѪɣ
Ĺ㳡ױؿĹϸһһ
ò˵ױؿȷһɿĵĸ֣仰㽫вѡǵսȼˡ
ʵ֣赱֮飬ԪŵĺĵӵһХڵ顢飬ҶڵλΪ顣
ʣµҺҡԬҡƼңĸһժȥˡ
һǩʣµʮѡҲ׷ѡ顣
ϣҶȻ֣ԼһгطСŻ߼֮⣬ȻгҡԪźŵˣ


1067 
ӵųϺͼǿߣ׷״Ųѡֵȴűʽʼ
ƽ̨֮ϣ˳ױؿ֮⣬ԸĴҲ׷װ֮ǰźõλ
εһ뵽һЩǰۿⳡʢıȣҪҽܵǣɽׯĴɽׯ½ʯɽׯȫ½ݸӵԼʯׯشҲİҵӭɽׯפԪǵĴǰ
ۿױؿٴοڡ
Ļ£һ΢Щվ
Ǳˣױؿеӣ
ƽ̨Ե̨˸ȦҾЦŵһ仰˵ˣ뵽ңȽϺãҲⳡʢᡣҴɽׯԤףδԲɹףвѡȡüѼʵڽһ£λҪɽׯ⣬ȡߴʯԣ

ӵⷬʱ̨˵ĻĴЦǰ˵˶Ƿϻһص㡣
ɽׯܹ½ôʵҲǳǿ󣬷ҿʯȡɽׯ
ⷬ˺ڳ˵ĹϵǾãɽׯȷԻЩдʯЯı뵽˵ɽׯнʯȥ
ɽׯ½ǱؿκһݸǵķֲֻҪǿߵƱȫ½κһɽׯķֲȡԼʯ
ӣױؿֽǵݺ
Ҷˣ۱ڱصС㡣
ţ
Ҷû뵽龹ȻҲڱĴ֮ڣЩ죬ҲȻˣ۱ҲǱ鲼½Ĵɽׯ£ʥغ͵嶼ӡ
һӴԪǷֲĸλ˵ױؿҪߣҪȻ
Ͼױؿֻ½޹һǿߣ;۱鲼ȫ½޷Ტۡ
棬ҵӭδؽƷṩߣ޹ǰ
̨˶һ飬ױؿʱƳѹĴԾ޹Ĵ
ױؿĽܣҶ˽⵽Ǿ޹ĴͬʱҲ½ķ˲֪˲һΪ뻯
ܹμεԪŴ˵ǸױؿӣƾױؿԼ벻
ʮӣҶȴ֪Բʵ䣬ΪʮǰѾ½򴳳˺պһЩԸ
һȻ˳ֵأòϢƵƵƽϢ
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ΣУڱмʱ־ԮѡֵӰ쵽ı
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еһβѡǲ֪ĹأױؿĽ֮Ҳ𽥵˽ˡ
һЩ׵ĵطҲбŵĳϰŽԣܿвѡǶ˽Ĺ
ױؿͨǿߣУܹ֤ĹƽΪκһŻ߼ˣھ޹ƫܣڵ
ಣ
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ΪҲŵȣͳȣǵһȵţֻǵȵģ˫ʵ⡣
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˫׼ʼ
ױؿڿпУһŵĺ̬֪ҪʵͲ裬ֱ־±ɣֻǲֶ֪ܹá
뵽ױؿ˾Ԯ׼ҲúһϳͱˣԺĲѡֵӰ
֣飡
ҲǳԲ֪ԼǳĶ֣ȴһԤ룬óһķʽܡ
Ǳǲֵģรɣ
˿Ҳһᣬȴ˶ԳĿ־壬Ȼˣִͽ̣
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һҲûѭ˷Լʱ䣬ܹһнֵľԲõڶС

˵ֻǰһųȭͷѾǰˡ
Σգ
״֮ǰôҲû뵽ٶ֮죬˵ʹһ׼ûС
ԭΪôԲԼֵģȻԼ֮Ż֣ǾӦеķɣû뵽边Ȼһкֱӱ
飡
˲䱻һȭɶѪһ˿Ѫ
ͬʱױؿҲѾ֣˳󲿷ֵȭ
ˣԾɱˣױؿһֱעţּʱĻɡ
һл֣̫ܶǿˣ
ǻܣǻɱ׳ʱȣǺɣ
һʱ䣬һЩѡֺ͹ڷ׷׾ǿ
Сѭһʤۻ֣սܣ֣
ױؿͬʱ̫̾ˡ
ԺַͲøұˣ˷ʱ䣡
·Ϊӡ֤ױؿĲ²һ㣬迴˵ڵϵĺһۣ




1068 ɧ
ȳսһвɱ֣ȫ治˵¿񻰡
һУóбòһºۣκ˷ĸо
˿ڵ飬ѡֱֵԽǿƣǾԽ׷ֻвѡʵǿ󣬺ıŻӾʡ
ǿеĴͳȻһ㣬ʵˣпʱ
ʱĿͲ֮ܳΪš
軺˹̨̨һ˲䣬ĿеҶһۣгŨŨĵͲм
㿴ǳ̨ʱƺɵǸ½ĵӵһ˵Ҷһۣƺư
ʲôƺǣû˵ҶҵĵڶţҲǳøϵˣ˫нⲻĳޣġ
֮ǰĴģҵҪڱлɱҶΪԼø籨𣡡
ûӳεıƺΪδĹھѾǰ϶ˣ
ҶСѭϲܽǿȻͳϣҶ׶༪ٰ
ȷˣ˫ľ̫ˣǸҶԪڵΪѣѾǰֻ̤ʥ̥ˣҿ˫սûаˡ
۷׷׵ʱҶȴֵķǳƽڳʱȫӣƽĵȴԼı
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ϣХֲų̂ǳųҵһų˵裬Ҷʦɱ㲻Ҫ
ǾҪ˭ˣ㣬㽫ɱҲûҵĻҲὫɱĻ㣡Ӧ

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Ҳ꣬깥֮½һȻô˵ǾͿ϶ûˡ깥Ƶöֲò䣡




1069 Ҷ
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1070 ޵
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ʱƽп಻û뵽ԼΪѡ֣ԭΪܹǰһɻԼĶ֣û뵽һϳɵ̫һ쳣ѡ


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ԬҰյɶˤ˸˲棬ѳɶ֣




1071 ƳҶս
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Щǿ˵սҲпͷܹ˿пһЩ
һϢ֮ѭڶıϾҪʼˣвѡֶ׼ţֻеһʤʧܵ˳⣬ΪѾˣʱڲٳˡ
ܣȻҶҰСӷһ飬ǶģסҲսʤҲ޷սʤʵصĺҶֻһҪǾǾȫƳʵսֻҪܽʵսƳҾ֪Ҫнɱ
ڶֱʼǰԳ˵




1072 ҳ
ڶֵıܿͿʼˣΪѭƣʮһ齫峡ıոսĲǵһıѡ
֮ǰȡ֮ÿ˶ȡһΪԼĶֺͳ˳ֻһǵţ˶˫ţԣŵĶսѡ֡
ȽеԾǵһı˫СŵţʵȻЩǿߵп֮ս©ٳЩͨ˵УսŽоʣ;
Ϊеױؿҡͷڿѡֵı֮սʵķۡ
Щ˵ʵֱǲһڲѡֵ˵ǵıѾܾˡ
ҵĲɱ֮ڷֳʤΧΧ۵ͨ˵ȫֳ׶
ս߾ɥսʤߵ󣬽ͨ˳ݵĿ⡣
ǵĵڶԾɴþʷ׳ʣ̨½кϣдڵġ
Ҳѹ֣Ͼ粻ǵûôĸ߿ƼƷ˵ֻˣӵӰûУͨ˻ճϢԭʼûаĿܹһıͷǳѵˣǵȻǳ˷ܡ
ɲǵӰ浶ǹȭȭԲעֳܹ־ʳ̶ȿɲǵӰܹܵġ
Ҷһֱڹע̨ϵսЩ˵ϿܲѧϰһЩŵ
ϵѧϰһֱֵģκ˵϶ܹѧϰԼûеĶ
νУʦɣ
ڶıҲǵľϧзֳ˽һʤһϧܡ
ȻˣȴҲӮͨ˵𾴣Щǿ޶ԣ־ʵĴȻÿȴǶġ
ǿҲЩѡǵı֣ΪҲǴ׶߹ġ
ǵ飬ԾСŶСıͬ쳣̨֣׶սǣ˱ҲѼһΣȻ˲Լ
пЩͨǿеŵģֻǾôþʷ׳ʣȭݺᣬʱĿĹâǾãЩ˲ġ
ȻˣЩһ֮ڻֵܶǿߣҲأֻǸо̫죬ǻûأͽˡ
پʵıҲнʱ򣬵˾ҵĲɱ֮ڳ䶨ֳʤ
ǻڶı˫ϳ
˵ĽڶĿʼױؿæòɿ
УΪ˱Ҫעű˫
ڶǳҵĵڶųһ޴𣬺Ķǵùˡ
ƫƫĶֻһСŵѡ֣Ȼʵе㣬ȸͲһϡ
˵ǳ֮ױؿ˫ͨȻ׼
ͨѱϣ㹻ľ֮ױؿһʼ
漴㵽˵ϿգӸµļ˵ı
֣ʵû뵽ȻǶ֣飡
Сŵĵǫ΢΢Ϲ˵ڵʵֱ׷š
ΪҶţսʤܣ
֪УҲȫԸԼź
ĻȻģ
ǳҲʱ۾磬ʵսȶǿ̫ˡ
˵Цˣ¹ŵܲսôǿ󣬵Ҳ۸˰ɣ
ĶȻһСųģȴǳ־һֽģĿⶢų˵ѵ㲻֪ɶ˧ƥ򲻿ɶ־Դңȴң
㻹ʲôɫһҪ˵Ҳᣬȳְɣ
ǿư֪ʵô
ΪʵӦòҲڳҵڶλŵλˡ
ĶҪùˣһּ֣֪ܹвܡ
̨˷׷ۣó̫ˣֱԼѡ֣ѵʵɣ
۷׷׵ʱ򣬳Ķֶˣ֪Լٲ֣³Ҫȶˡ
ȷˣˣǶġ

£һԼǿ似ʩչһȭŴȥͼҳߡ
似ľҶԷߣȻĹ糤һ಻ݣֻҪԷк˾ͻӭ಻Ĺǽ似ʩչϣͣ
ֿסһ͹ĻôʤѾԷˣ

Ȼ
СŵӵĹһȭӭϣҵȭâһСС̫ۣ
飡
һ̣˵ȭͷײһ𣬷һ졣
ֻꡱһһȭֵȭͷ飬󲻵ȶԷӦȭߣδ˥ȭͷڶֵؿڣ

ѡֲҽһؿȥһ飬һѪûڵϱѾȥˡ
һȭ
һȭ㽫ش֪
̨δ׷ȥûоˡ
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ԼһȭĺȻشȴûн֮ɱ
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ױؿЦһղѾһСŵӵƣ˵÷ǳأ㱻ϵĻҲδܹȻˡ
ڷһʥ֮Ѿˣˣڴⲻ˵ġ
ôôǿ󣿡
ǰıֺ֮ǰѡּûκһ֮ڻ֣ܶ׳μʱĻĶֺпܻ
ֱʱ̨˲ŷӦ׷׾̾ڳǿΪѡ֡
ӹ治ҹȻӢűһ費㣬ȻһҲôǿ󣡡
ϧˣ飬κһжпܻѡ֣ɹǿɺɵҶһ飬ֹ۰
Ҳδأʵ֮ǿѾΪƽѡ֣Ⱥܶѡָǿ֪ᱬţսʤɵĵһأ
̨˵硣ܶɢ޺ͲѡҲ£óڻԿˣеκһпܳߣǿ
˵ܹţɵĵһ𣿡
ղ˵ֽ׳ʱһµۡ
ҾпܣΪɵĵһڵһıеı֣޷ʵսǿء
ΪҶǿܹţϾѾʲôˣѡѾ֪ᱻ
Ҿòܣ˵ģɵڶŵʵͲڳ٣ǸҶܹϣ˵ʵȵڶֻ߲͡
ûҲΪҵڶҲǳΪսʤɵһŲܣȴпܽʵսƳ
۵ĸ࣬Ϊ̫һ֮ǰıֵףҶٴҲܱ̫һҪսʤҶǲܵģȴпܱƳʵ




1073 ʽ΢
Щ²۵ȻҶĶȴû⣬ʼƽˮ
ҶķӦЩע˸еʮɻ󡪡νǿôôѵֻԪڵĿǿӳô
ЩɻĿ⣬Ҷδᡣ
ţۿɫҹսĻ²⣬һ峡ȫҲȫˡ
һСŵĵӣûκģƾʵֻҪźͳҵŵӣûĶ֡
šԪźͳλĵӣʤҲ֮ʤϣġ
׼칦ƣȥȥ
ϳ֮ǰҶ˵ǿ󵽱
СӣȽ˱ôʰ㣡̫ϳЦ
ٺһЦͬһһֱӴ̨
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˿ɱضˣӱϿ˱֣ǲǣǾҪȹ֪ˡ
˫֮ͨ·һһ˱þһʵĸֵɢɱ
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չֵ֪ǿ󣬲Ҵ⣬úȣҲ֪չеʵ
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չֱʹɵľȭһɱУ˫ȭݺݵȥ
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չƺһһˣһڳĴϡ
˶ȥˣƵÿһѪ̶̼ӣչɰѪȾˡ
Ҳùڽչƴ£ҲദˣԪĵķǳء
էէ֣ٴӲƴһǣչұըѪģĴ˴Ŀġ
İѾ׵ͷˣ۸չһǷ۴һƬࡣ
Ӳƴһ֮˲ԼͬͣĴԴ϶ðˡ
һ˲䣬̨¼ǼžһƬ·سһ㣬Ƕ˼ҵıסˣҴ
ͣ

Ū
ţͣƬ̨̣µ˼ˣϵΪ˼ʹ
˭Ҳû뵽ۿͿˣȻܿһĻʵı˵ǲˡ
̨µĹǱ˵ĲľȾˣ̨ƽ̨ϵĸҲǵıסˣĿתĿǵı

չɵĹâȻұ۲ܶˣ֣˫ţֻҪûг£ͻûн
ױؿҲ˸жˣڿеܸ֮ܵŨŨս⡣
ǽչɣ̵ӡ
ʵ۹⣬ѿչɵʵҪѷڳһƴƴҹļᶨһѵõġ
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Ҳû뵽չɾȻѲڣҲ϶ദˣԪļء
ʵ⻹ռű˵Ľɵʱ򣬽ɵһЩѧ͸¶˼壬֮ǰɲ˵ʵ;˵ˡ
Ե£ôľûܽչսܣûƵĻĺԼܷսʤƴһĽչɣ
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ͬʱҲˣͽչһȫ˷أȫУԹء
飡
չɵȭͷڳϣԼȴһȭعǣһ׶ĵʹ̲סһѪ˰˲źȻڵϡ
ʱױؿѾչѾսʤѶӿչɷϵعǣͬʱιһʥ
ͬʱѾ̨ϣӵĿ˳һۣһԲĴױؿнӹ˽չɣ˺
ţҲˣ
̨ϣΪҵŵĳűŽչ̨Цòһ
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ŻеĽչɲûлȥɫ׵˵ţ֮оΡ
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ֻֽչɵĶ̫ǿˣңֶʵָƣܹƴԾܹ
ҵĲ򵥣
ǰһҲͰˣͳҲǿ
һУ˶ı˶Գҵʵһµ֪
ͬʱҲӳǿ󿴳˳ĸǿ󣬲С
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1074 ĿԴ
Уڼ̽չɺͳ˵ս֮սѾƿɳ£ʣµļȻ֣Ҳûκһܹչɺͳˣ
бȫʱѾȫˣ㳡Χȼ˻ѣ㳡յ硣
ɼҲټˣһ֮ʿԼȥΪ˹սͨ˿Ҳټȥˡ
ױؿ˽ıʹ˽˱½뿪ˡ
Ҷһ˻صסʱ򣬾¥Ѿź˷ʢ͵ǻˡ
չɵȻأǺƼʱױؿιµʥ˾˵ãصסʱѾָ߰˰ˣֻҪһ٣úϢһǻˡ
ҶпչɻǸƴɣ񾭴˵ôأӲ߶ûһ
Թ˸ԻطϢųǰŽչɾĻָΪмʱ̱۷״̬С
һҹ޻ڶһ磬˱ˣϴϣ¥Ӫͣ൱ģʳﲻ࣬Ӫȫչ˵ˡ
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ʱҲ½½߸ϹϾҪʼˡ
Ԫͨ˺һЩɢǱЩѡĸ磬Ҷ˵ʱѾûʲôˣɽ˺ȥһɫԲԴӡ
һЩСһȺĽŸʳСԡ
ż֪˭˲һ½棬һһƿڴ֮
ҶãСʱżȥǳƣ㱼䣬ڵϵĸо
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ڲܣ
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Ĺأڶֵıʼ֮ǰвѡֶҪ֣Ա֤ÿһÿһѡֶܹƽĶսÿһۺչһѡֵʵһʼǿĶֵԼʵӲûӢš
һ쳹ʵ㳡˲㰲ѭڶֵһʽʼˡ
һһ̨Ծǳҵľų裬һֵ峡֮ʤиĶ־һѡ֣ɺϵǣԾСųѡ֡
̨ϣ˶վױؿ˫֮ͨ˱ʼվСųʱþԮ׼
˶֪ƾֳʵԾɲĶ֣ܼо漣ˡ
ʵ̫ǿˣͲӦӦеǿսԣ̨ܶ¶ڲ²ţ˵սСųѡ־ּܹС
ǲ²˭ʤ˭ǲ²ĶּܹвܣѾ֤˶ԳʵϿɡ
ΪĶ֣ԼҲҪսʤǲܵģֻϣҪ̫ܵҾͺá
֪ԼĶǳʱѾսܵ׼۽ΣֻҪԼȥˡ
죬չɵЩ˺ܴĳչ䣬ηľĸжǡ
Ϊŵ͸˵ϣ֪ذҲҪֵΪһŵİǣ
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Сŵѡɫһ࣬һľ񾳽磬һһȭȥ
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ҶͷСųѡֲţƾһ־ŵС
ֻϧĶǳ裬ʵ̫߳ˣǿһҲκβ˳衣
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ҲǳҵĳϾʵǿһ£ֻҪǩ״սؽԷˣԼӰ첻á
ʵǿһ£̫ĻΪʸ֮ģԼķչԲ
ĵһûʲôΨһǴεıиʶ˳Ŀֲûһܹмеġ
ʵ̫ǿˣ˳ԪݵһŹȻûģʵֱףûܹȫԸıһ
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һҲܣճĿͻƵʥ̥ʥ̥ŲԼϢأԽ֪Խá
οԪؾֻʥ̥µʿɽ룬Ԫؾֻѹʵȴͻơ
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ױؿзֻХִ󲿷ȭâĻҵſҲ޷ټμӺıˡ
ҲǳǿƣѸײڶ֮ƾֽˣеĿࡣ
ǻģҲҶһı
ڶ֣ĳҶԳҳ˫̨
ױؿҶͳ̨̨֮¼ˣǾڲ²⣬Ҷ˭ǿһЩ˭ܹǿ
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ǰǵıӦǽбֵڴģ
ҶܷʸͳᲢۣܷƳҶʵսǱҶĿԴɣϻ֣
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ǿͨⳡӦܿҶʵﵽĸ߶ȣ




1075 Ҷʤ
УڶѡҲڴⳡսıָ⾪ޣţһʾ׵ı
˵ɵĵһһٷͳҵĵڶų˭ⳡʤ
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ΪҶʤΪҶϾ֮һɵĵһţʵ϶ԪڶѣӦúŵĵһ޼Ŷԡ
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֪ҶѾŭ⣬ǾܵıƳҶʵΪҵһų̽ʵ
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ױؿһҲ֪Լıˣֻûͣ˵Ͽա
Ҫʼˣ˶ס˺ſʵײЩС̷Ҳֹͣߺȣ㳡žľǷسһֻһЩϸ΢ĺ
Ҷûȳֵ˼ҲһӻأȻΪҶĶ֣ǴƳҶʵս
ԼȴΪԼľһսʤҶȵϣûУϾھϿԸҶһЩġ
⣬ԽսҲԣֻҪͬţԽնɱҲ
ҶܹԼĹ֮޶ԣսҲҪҶ̵ӡ

뵽ԥԼƣս뵽֮УݺһƵҶȥ
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Գľ֮ԳܹΪǿһң˼ӱ츳ʵ֮⣬ơû
һƼǳȫʵļзˣǰһʯҲһ֮촷ۣ
ڵһҶǵû߽̬۾ʶ۾ߵκα仯Ȼء
ҶȻؼʱ̱۾һ漴ŭҶƲ

ŭ£·߶Ԫһٶ֮죬ۻҡ
ѾٽԪˣǺУƽӴԷ֮ȻƻǿԪֱӴݻٶֵľ
ˣҶ̫дˣ
ڳƵﵽҶϵʱ̨ҡͷҶҲ㲻ȥˡ
ЩͨΪźͼҲҶʵ̫дˡ
ǿĶ־Ȼұ۾ⲻʲô
ЩԸĴûзֻĿתض̨
䣡
ڳˣ˾ҶذɵʱҶˣӭųһȭ
ȭȭ£
ҶȻδ֮һȭʮ㣬һȭѣԪڡ
ţ
ҶһȭױؿЩԾ

ͬһʱ䣬ױؿһʱһɫĹƣȫˡ
һƣҶһȭûܻжԷȫڽɫĹϣƶʱһɹ˵Ĺ
Ҷʤ
ֹױؿֱ˱
ΪԪǳͨǿߣ
ҶֵʱҶսжǿһ㿴ˣҶʵʵǳ󼰵ġ

ԭڴһʵĶԾ֪տʼ㱻ױؿֹһ˱Ľ
һУֱԭֳڣ
ô£
ǰ˫Ÿճ֣δ֣ô׳ֹ˱Ҷʤ
ѵ׳У³ش
̨£󲿷ͨڸͿʲôһɶĺͷԣгɻ




1076 Ѱ·
̨£ͨѹͿеèֻǾñ̫ͻأˡ
ԭΪһսҶܹսʤҲؽḶһĴۣҲҪչֳǿսпܴܳ
ڣ˸ոս֣˫ûκδϣ·Ƕûƣױؿ˱⾿ô£
̨۷׷ףˡ
һЩʵõɢҲûп˫˭˭ӣϾ˸ûджԷڳƺҶȭͷûнӴԷʱױؿһӣҶʤˣҲеĪ
ʿϾʿ֪ױؿͨǿߣ˵ԪݣǷ½ҲǺġ
Ȼױؿ˵Ҷʤˣһĵ
ױؿھ޹š嶼ûκιϵԲƫ̻һĵ
пǿ˳ҶĶ֣һҶȭͷڳϣԮ¾ˡ
УšĴҲеЩɻǵȷǿҶȳԸһûһƴ֮ױؿУǸе졣
ĴȻһЩè壬þĻԷڡҶͳʱ̫ˣҶǺֵģж᲻
·Ϊ֤˵Ĳ²һһʵسױؿˣҲҲû䣬ƫ̻Ҫ±ԣ
ৣ
ȻԼĹƽױؿɫˢһ±ΪãղʱֹǵıĻڵ㲻ҲҪˣȻҵĹƽ
Ҫ±ҲԣչأڶαսҪǩ״ܼԸǩ״𣿡
Ը⣬Ϊ˼Ҹ˵ϣԸǩ״ֻǲ֪Ҷûˣ
ãԼҶȼԪҲԿԺҶһս
һȼԪҲҶҲԱƳҶʵսﵽǰĿġ
ʱֻҪʱͿˡ
ò˵̴úܺã
Ҫսô
˵չɺͳս֮⣬ûпսҪһ۸ˡ
սû뵽ҵžȻ˾Ϊ˼ҫȻѡս
ս˼壬˫ǩһ״Ҳ˵ǩ״֮󣬲нֱֹһܡսΪֹпıʽû֮һ
ҶҰСӣ㻹Ǹ˵Ļ͸ǩ״ĴһսҲһս𣿡ٴοڡ
Ȼҳȫ㣡
Ҷղűһлɱû뵽ױؿ˿ۿȻսӦ

ҶĻ£ֳٴκ䶯
սû뵽˾Ȼս
ղ˼ûн֣׳зֻͨս֤Լˣ
ҶղŵĻƺҪɱˣѰ·ô
䶯ֳ۷׷ףŴձ˵һ߳
Ȼ˫ͬ⣬Ǿǩ״Ȼ
ױؿûֱֹһѾдõ״ֻҪ״ǩ־ͿԽսˡ
ৡ
Ŀ֮£һ״ǩԼ֡
ţҶҲ״ǩԼ֡
ǩ£ζսɱˣһҪһֱһ
ѡܹʱ䣬кȣпܱһ
һĻױؿޱ顣
ղţֹ֮ΪҶһȭˣǱУҲҪش
䣬ԪʧȥһǱʿ
зս
Щջ𣬹ʶٳȰ˵ˡ
˫׼ʼ
ѽҶͳٴ˱׼ױؿȵ
~
ױؿĻһӶŤˣ˫âһХֱȼԼԪս
ȼԪһ㶼ͷѶΪ֮Ȼܹʱڿʿս֢ҲǷǳԵģŪþͻԭеľ硣
ৣ
ʱȻһʼȼԪΧ۵ʿǶʱʧɫѡǶˡжڱһ
ţ
ڣ΢΢üƣȻһʼȼԪսҶҪʵѾˡ
ƽ̨ϣźͼҲ鲻Խվ˫۾Ķ̨ϵˡ
ĴҲо֣һض̨´ʵĶԾڡ
Ҷģɣ
ȼԪĳʵѾһֲĳ̶ȣ˵Ԫ۷£˭Ҳ˵ܹһ
ЦУλһ磬ֱҶײȥͬʱƳɵݺݵҶĿڲȥ
ಣ
ȼԪĳ۹ٶȶһأ·ͻ˿ռƣͻأĳҶǰ
ҶǺϴһɽ۾ûգһ£ôųûκα仯Ծһ˵ӿżٳĳ

̨Ѿ˱۾̿Ҷһƴ̴ѪһĻ
ܶʿĶᵽɤۣصȥ룬ԼԶ㲻ĹյĽֻˣ

һ̡
ڳӰҶǰʱһֱӵҶڶˣ
Ҷٴκһȭ
Ǻ
һȭҶȻûжֻǽԪ߶£ȭµɱУ
䣡
ڳֵԼĿڻвʱҶȭͷȫؿڣ
һ˵Ķ𣬿񱩵ȭֱĻԪ˳У
ۡ
ȻըѣѪȾ񷣡
Ҷһȭ򱬣




1077 
һȭ
Ҷһȭ㽫򱬣
ֳ˵Ԥϡ
һʱ䣬ټĹ㳡ѻȸ˶ؿҶ
˿̣ҶԾɱһȭӣ˵У˿̵ս
һ̣ҶӰӡ˵У˭Ҳû뵽ǿоȻһжû
~
ҶͬһĲѡ̲סһҶĿг˾塣
ǿҶıûҪټȥˡûҶĶ֣ǿǰ϶飡
ЩԭΪܹţҶ˶ʱսͣǰĽһİƣǵϡ
Ʋ죬ȴۣ
Ȼֻһȭ
͹̨ңңԵƽ̨ϣĴǷ׷վ¶˲̶ͬȵ𾪡
Ϊ½ǿĴ֪Ҷ˿̵ı֣þݣǺͳҵһųҲضá
ˣ
˴ĴǷ׷׾ԼˣҶսԨ
Ϊ
ֱǸǣҶڸղŵıԾûжȫб
˵жǿ
սܹﵽʲô̶ȣ
аԼ
ûд𰸣ãѾõҪˣ
֮˵£ΪǰɱԪݵһţԪźҲǶ֣ǸʱԪҲԪݣݡ
һֱԪźֽɣ㽫ɸһӴӵһ䵽λãԪųǿţݲŸΪԪݵġ
һ𣬿½᳹״е֣ԪݽҪһǰδеĴϴơ
޹øʵڳг˼ڹеĴԱ֮⣬ǿˡ
ȻܹóҶʵ¾ԲڳХ֮£ŴĹھҪһܳˡ
Ҷֵ£Ҫ˲֮һ
޹Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳֻѣʥػߵȣ̫
£޹Ҫǿʢ벻ǿ˲ţҶɾ˲š
Ѿ¶ģα֮ҶֵܹһҪ޹£Ի彫Ҷ¡
۱ԪǷֲ飬ҶıҲԤϣ
ԭҶܹսʤҲƱҪһɱϾǳҵڶţʵ
ټڵһαʧȻӱСģս˫ֻһ˻̨£ܲСӦ
û뵽ȼԪ֮Ҷֻһȭ㽫ڿУȫʬû
Ҷһȭ򱬳һ̣ľҵĳ鴤һ¡
˿̣ǷݲĸоǿҡҶñָھ۱Ѻעһʱ嶯ʮ㣡
֮⣬ýҶõ̫һǳصĴ
ΪҶղŵıֿԿҶʵ㲻Ҳ޼Хֺ˵ʵҪǿ
鼸Կ϶һ֮󣬱ȻкܶҶѺעҶһܹնڵĻ۱ˡ
Ҷһǿˣƾ˿̵ı֣ܹɱǿпɱС
ȻǸŮܹ֮Ϊ۱ԪǵĸˣʵȻɡ
бҪһµˣҶһµĵпԼλöˡ
Ҷôôǿ
Ԫŵĵɫʮѿ
Ҳû뵽ҶȻܹһбеУ෴ǶͨҶͳ֮սҶ·ԱڴХҶʱܹɽҶɱ
ڣХ޷ȷҶʵʵ
ΪҪӲӲķʽ£һлȼԪĳܡ
Ȼ
Ҷȴˣζʲô
ԪŴӳһصĶ߲˵Х֮⣬Ҷʱǧ򲻿ɳǿʵڲǶ֣򲻿սĺҵǵʵ
Х⣬ԪǷ׷ĬȻˡ
ҶղŵıѾӡǵУǺԼԲҶĶ֣ԴӳϵĻҲͬ
ߣ
Хض̨ϰȻҶ˫ȭգɱŨ
Х֣ڽıǧ򲻿ɴ⣬ȫԸɱΪѩܣ
ԪŵĳҲ֪ХֶɱҪ䣬Ҷղŵıʵе𾪡
Ȼ𾪹𾪣ХֻǺĵģΪҶܹģХҲֻܹҪڱСӦնɱҶӦò
ϣİɣȻֵЩǵԤϣյĽı䣬̨Ϊ̳
ХЦϳŵ
ͬʱԶǱҲƵһĻŴӳҲԼǰѡţҶУֱ䣬߷ױؿеĽԲܳǿս
ĮȻ̨ϵҶϿ˿ı飬Ҳ֪ϲǣżһ˿âȴ
һɽݶԲҶ赲Լڣ
һڣõָ㣬˵ֵȥƴȡκ赲ڵ˶ĵˡ
ȴǳ˷ܣҶһнҵĵڶŴ򱬣չʾǿʵǸü
ųһЦʢľջ
Ҷ
ͯ糿ԼҶĳݺͰĽ֮飬ԭڲ²Ҷܹüнܣû뵽һУ㱻ˡ
Ҷ䣡
ͽչ˸˷ܵ໹УųܺãҲûֹˡ
Ψһ˪̫һԾǸһԲԼλϣ̨ϵҶ
Ҷıֵȷе⣬ȴҲ֮УҶѾ֮İ壬ʵԾȡ
ԶĳҼԪ࣡
类ϵΪ̨ϣôڵ˽
ϵҷΪֻɱҳܵܣϵ£ûܾˡ̭ұն㣡
Ҷ̨ʱ򣬳ͻȻĿ絶һɨҶɱⱬ
粻ǵһҲһ
ҶԣǿƻӦ


1078 
Ҷ̨󣬳ҼԪսĲ֫ϱһˣ˫ۼ

ױؿ̾ϢһҪ˵ʲôοĻȴʲôҲû˵
ԪվԲʹ˰ݵģ̭Ҷͳʱ򣬳Բ顣
ǻؼˣ
Ԫձһ˲֧ңǿͬǳԺ֧ǳδϣ
Ȼ̳󣬳ҶУ
ʹҶʱеɱǲεġ
ߣ
Ȼܵ˳Ԫյɱ⣬һһɱ
Ԫվ棬ʲôСɲӲܡ
ţ
ܵŵŨɱ⣬ԪһȻǿģͬҲԪǿţʵ޷ȡ
Ԫǿѹĵŭɱ⣬ʬȻ뿪̨
ױؿ״С
Сŵѡ֣ÿǰң˫Ǻޱĳ̨֣ϣƲϵ𣬻Ĺ˺̨¹սͨˡ
һһľУֵܿɵ̫һ
̫һĶСŵĵӣȻʵ̫һ߳ȣǲһء
̫һɵıӮ˱ȴҲǵ㵽ֹδ˶ԷûнԷˡ
Сŵĵķڷͬʱм̫һ飬̨
ˣ
̫һ̨ĻѾۻˣҿӣһУѾûĶˣǿӦûˡ
ֽ˼ֵ֮ͯ糿
ͯ糿ĶͬһСš
һֱ֮ͯ糿սʤ˶֣һλʤ̨һƬȻ
ΪһˣȻ˶˵ڶֵıڻнչɺ˻ûб
ţԪźŵĵҲв׵ı֣׷սʤԼĶ֣ɹء
ܿ죬ֵ˽չɣνչɵһʵԲһЩСѡ֡
չ˼𺳣ֺηĴúܶ˶е﷢
ͬˣɲΪԼȳǿһ㶯ȫʵ
չɴ󿪴ģȭʮ֮ڽֺɳȥɲ̫һܹĿԼ
һսҲ֪ʵ첻ǿǶ̫ǿˣҶʽָƣܡ
Ҳ˶ֳصĴ٣θʮ֮ڽ˱˿ǿƵһ档
л飬䣡
СĵҲ֪ԼǽչɵĶ֣ڱ֮ûҪٴαֱѡ䡣
䲻ˣǽչǸη²Ҫǩ״֮ɾûôˡ
ӮñȻҪСȣСҪһЩԼͽչ֮Ĳࡣ
óãûɣ
չɶЩûߵ˲ٴɫȴ߲ûʲôӣ֪ͬҪϡ
ԼѾӮ˱ֳֵ𾴻ǱҪģҲΪӮЩСӵ֧֡
ԪȻСźҶڷ󵰸⣬Ҫø˵֧֣ͱҪ£Щ۵ССŵ֧֡
н˼ֵ֮
˶ڴı֣Ҷòң˴þʣЩҴӡ̡
һܹһݵ̨Ĺֲţ˶ڴܹиʵı֡
ΪֵѡǿɥҲ֪һƵܰճƣȻᱻǣűߡ
꣬ˡ
չһļЦŶ˵
ģֵҵġ
ҡڵ̨ױؿ΢΢һ£Ȼվ̨̨˻⡣
̨¼һӾͷˣͨ˻ɢޣЩĴ̿СӻǸ̥
ܿ죬ĶֱҲ̨
ովûױؿڣһ߾أСӣүү󱲣
쵰ǲлǲУ
ױؿ̣ôҲֹıɴûôѡ֡
˫ͨ׼
Ϊ˷ٳ۶ӣױؿѸ˫ͨȻʼ
Ԫţɣ
ԪѡһȻʵҲȻǲ˲١
ղűһһէһȣʱһ뷴ģױؿѾ˫ͨ׼Ҳûа취ֻú޺޵رԼš
ɣ
Ȼô֣ҲױؿǰҰղŲǳױؿע⿴ȸԷһױؿˣȻҲΣʵʵıԼֺ
˫׼ʼ
ױؿ˵űУ˵ı
Ծɻһףڱһʼ㽫ԼҪԷ˵ɫࡣ
ɴһǣ˵ʹԲΪԼ˷ġ
ģҲȫԸĺ֪ԼδĶ֣֮ĳȴȫ˿־壬ˮƽӡ
ϹĹۣ
̨ϣһΪƴɵ˫ۡ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬ָ񵲡
飡
ʱ
ͻȻУһȣɿɣֱӽ߷˳ȥ
˵ţɵ
̨ȴ㣬һ˱˻Ե̬
ۡ
һĻȫЦˡ
˿Ȼʵαǿģȴֵܸġ

Уһֱƻ裬ڶֱڽˡ
ױؿıΪֹ֮ƽ̨ͻȻվλһҶʽһµҶʵΪһҲ˵ڿʼͶעҶùھģҶùھһ⸶

Ļ£㳡ϱһƬȻ׷ָ۱̫ˣһҶʵףϵʡ
һѾԪݵһųһǴ˴αʵڶ͵ġ
һ۱ڰҶ˴˴αĶӣ
ҶХ֡ǿԪݵһų裿
һ̣ӿֳɻ
𰸣̭




1079 һȭ
ıѡֶԸԵĶֶһŵ֪˸صļѡ֮⣬󲿷ѡѾ¶Լʵսıûʲôˡ
죬ֵıУԪǵĳױؿľҵͷԣʱĺܳÿ춼оʵı֣ùղܡ
ЩУԪǵľ÷׬˸
μӱĶǸ߸ųţȻںЩСǮ
һЩǰۿɢҲǮɢ޲ôģȻ˺ܶŹصԴϾҪԼȡˡ
ɢ޼ûģǳУ˵ɵйҲˣǲھ˼ҵվȽŸ
⣬һЩǰҲǸݸĸ̾޼֣ǵĵȻһֲƸͬʱҲ˲Ƶ˰ա
ǰĹ㳡ÿ춼ɽ˺Ӻ꣬գַǳ
ɷǳ֣һЩСźͼѡΪִþʷ׳ʣÿ˶ʹ˻ǰʮӶýԪؾĻᡣ
ȻÿļŶõһĽǺͽԪؾȣЩԵ÷Ʊ˺ܶࡣ
ܱѡμŴĶǧһſţȻ˺󣬼λ˽ԪؾѰһԵҲΪǰ֤Լ
λѡȴԵøɣҾųϳ֮Ծһл֣ܶûڶС
һ˭Ҳʵжǿ
ХȻҲʾЧ³裬ͬһл֣˳Ľ˱
˵ֻҪͬĶ֣Ҫǳȫǲܵġ
˾޵ıÿζӮ̨󻶺ǰۿ˶Ϊ֮ʵӦ޼ӱдݲȵ̬軹ʤһ
ֵܿĳϳҶĶ֣ĶԪŵĵӣԪŵڶǿĵӣڵĵӡ
ҶԪŵĵӣǲô
̨£˵ǳ׷Ҷıα㣬ÿһЩ»ȻҲ⣬Ժܶ˶ڲ²Ҷ᲻ĥһԪŵѡ֡
ҾãҶβܻģǿɱˣɺԪ֮䱾лⲻĳԹ˫ӶһɾأҪԷ׻Լ֮ԣΪҶ϶ֶΣֱӽֻܣ
ⷬ˷׷׻ȻɺԪ֮ĳԹǾ˽֪ģʢʱԪͻϮɣʧأ˫ĳ޶ɤأһϣ飿
ңҶڳԪźԴˮ˵ҲԪݹΪ˶֪
һ£ܶ˶ΪӻԪŵĵӣҶҲԲ̵ģ˫ıܻܿǰһжʤ
ȻˣĿ϶ԪŵĵӶԲҶΪҶҵڶŶˣʵɲ⡣
жϵͬʱҲɻҶΪֻԪڶѣûﵽԪ۷壬ɱԪڵʿ׸Сûʲô𣬲ûʲôֽţΪʲô
̨¹ۿͨںɢΪѡҲΪҶֶһзʤ
ͬʱû˿Ԫŵĵӡ
ԪŵĵȻҲţϾеţҶʵǶսΪһХֶδػ·磬ο
һԪŵĴӳȻҲף¹ŵ֪ҲҪǳսĻԪŶ˿ɶˣǶˡ
ԪѡһɬҲ֪粻ҶĶ֣֪ͬԪź֮ĳԹҶϾŰ
ŰҲ֪ȫóǿսҲҪƯ
ɴӵųȴһڵӣʱʱóԼľƺ«ڣŪøһɾ
ľƺ«ǸþɽϽĺ«ɣǬװϼ׾ƶò⡣
ԣֻܶȾƣȴʼûƺ«չ
ҶǳţҶľȻԪڣսȴѾԪ۷֮ϣǶϳ裬ʤҲС
ʼ
̨ϣױؿ˫֮ͨ󣬱˱ʼûзϰУվԪŵӵԱʱܹԮֹ֣ⳡĽС
ϾսҶһȭ򱬳ҵڶųΣ£κ⡣
֮⣬Ҳ֪ɺԪ֮ĶԹԹ
ԣҪܵıԪŵĵӣ
Ԫţƻָ̣
ԪŵӺƻһǳ㽫Ԫ鲼ȫγһԪףɵ֮ͬ
⹦ɵĲ֮أҲ֪ԪôŪģǼ˵ŬγһѾȫͬˣʵʷЧȴ޼
ң
ҶӦһ̨ϷƲϵʾܵǿ
Ҷһ磬ԳԽٵٶֱƻȥȭȻӳ
Ѫ
һȭҶʹȭеѪֻһԪá
Ȼ
ˣҶ񱩵һȭƻûκεֿ
顪
һ죬ƻҶȭУ񱩵ɶ
һȭɣ
ûκ
С
̨£𣬼˶۾һؿ̨Ǹо·ʣôˣô򵥣
ͨ
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1080 ǿ
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һЩͽǻ£ĵ˲˸֮꣬Ԥÿһսʤ˭ܽǿԶġ
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ΪԴΪҩ似֮ıǿ֪ɱ˶ᱦͨȻûǿʵսȴһҲû
ͷβܵıȱȽǣһֶ֮Щ˵ĺս˲תƵ˶Ĳϡ
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Ȼ˻ϲ˳ӮҾͻңӮ˸߲ңüɫ裬ͷɥһ˪һͷԣ޾ɡ
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Ҿų衢ԪХ֡Ҷ˲ʤĳɼɱ˰ǿУһʤʮɣǱαĶţ
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ԪŵڶԪһŵڶַ㡣
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ʵϣǩǿѡһĶ֣һ˺İĶ֣ҪԲԶ
ķ֮һĳǩʽô˴ŴƵһµĸ߶ȣ޲ڴ
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ǩڻѾãܶʢжƵǩͲǩʲ˳Ĺ֮ǩͲҡҲֱֳģ֮ѡеǸǩϵԴǾǶ֮µԤ⡣
ܶԴǶ˼ϿڣǴʫֲǣȻˣе˼ģɵġ
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ڶ飬VSͯ糿
飬ҶVSԪԪһ
飬̫һVSԪХ֡
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нǫ֮̈̄µﵽ˸߷壬ûκΪͨ˻ɢޣĲѡǶŰ˽ĵı
ҾãûʲôҶǳǵʵڴľǳǼܹʤѡ
ܶ˶Ϊ衢Х֡Ҷܹ֣ܶɱǿϾǲαŵھѡˣĶѡ
ҲΪȻ̫һǼȻܹɱǿҲ˵ǵʵпܱҲδ֪
̫һԭĺĵӵһˣʵδؾХֺ
ȻХСѭԾʤΪǵĶֶһЩСŻСŵӣʵԶϲǣ̫һȴͬʵܹɱЩСŵĵӣǻͬһϡ
СŻСңǵĵԶûźǿԴ͹似϶ϣԣʵҲ⡣
̫һͯ糿ԪŵڶԪһŵڶַ㶼Ǵŵĵӣ츳Դ޼ڰ˽ĵıսʤҲûпܡ
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ΪѡֻͬòиԪؾԼǿѡڱз⵼޷ؾĻǿճӺѡѡȻǰջָߵͣ
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1081 ǰ
ڽУΪѡʣԪؾѡּѡ֣Ҷ֮⣬ʮߵѡ֣ò˸
֮Ҫѡѡ֣ΪĹڽİǿ̭ϣ϶˲оҪӶս
սУǲֱģѡĻʺܸߡ
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һǣŵڶַԪŵĵڶԪһҲ׷ѡ˱չأǺҶ˵ʱҪȡʤǳѡ
һϣǿҲĽΣǾˣҲڻȥ֮еʦֵ䡣
ҾųȴδѡչأԼʵžԵţڰ˽ĵıԼɵսʤ֣òűչָʵ
ͬʱԪŵХ֡ŵɵҶҲͬûѡչء
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Ϊ˷ǳԲʣɺԪŸŵӶбȽ˽⡣
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ԪնҶ˵֮ǣԼ׶ӳ类ϵΪѾһˡ
Щһֱ찵ãϣܹҵָΪϧʧˣҵ˭һ˵ﱻ飬ͷҡ˹һ˵ûκΰ취
İɡҶܹһὫԴš統ƺ
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1082 ǿս
գķ֮һʽ졣
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ļᣬʮμӸѡ֣ųΣǰ˽Ԫؾʸ񣬶ʣµǳΪ˺ѡ֣һǿѡڱ䣬Ǳȡѡ֣Ԫؾ
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ֵ֧ģзԵģܶ˿óڣҲһΪҶХֺʵҲ
֮аԪǵĳױؿĴ
ǿΪ׷ӾЧѾԼʵ¶ĲˣҶˣǲ²ģ۶ֶǿܸһʤʵԲС˵ܹڻΪʱ硣
οҶȳһЩҲӲӡ֤Ʋԣ
٣ھ۱Ԫݸ鿴ˣ

󣬾˻۵һʱ򣬳ַ˫˫̨
ȡ棬̭ڶ
ֳʵ̫ˣ֮£ױؿֻÿһ۵ѹ£Ȼŵķ֮һڶѡͯ糿˫̨




1083 ⧲ܣ
˸ոմӸղŵлعڶͿʼˣνӦӲϾ
ڵһԣǸĴǸŵӡӺ̨µĹڣڴ١
Ϊ֮ǰıʵ̫ˣûб¶ȫʵ
ͯ糿ǰεսܶʩչ˳Ѿ¶ȫʵӦûʲôѹ׵ľˣʤ
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δʼ̨¹Ϊͯ糿źһ˸߹һˡ
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ȻŹţҲ֪Լⳡô򡪡Ŷӳ϶ֻҪͯ糿ܼɣͯ糿ѿúɽ³Թ
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ͯ糿ʵǷǳǰںĵӱУȻҲǿ󣬵ȡʤԵĿŵĺĵӵһˣôֵôţ

ͯ糿ɲôģֱ̨֮վĶ棬һ߳ʩչγһĿף֫ȫ
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촫ͯ糿һȭؿڡ
СɵȭǿĹһȭĻԪɢˣ͵Ԫ˲乥
ۡ
ʵʵذͯ糿һȭʵͯ糿ǿϲ٣Ȼͻⰵ㣬ȴԾžԪʱסûڷһѪⲻ˵ġ
һѪͯ糿һȭдѷεȭ߳ɣԾ⵽ǰδеش
ԪɢԪңʱѾûսˡ
ʱͯ糿Ʋˣ˫һУһԶСܷɻٴ˫֮ȥ
ס֣
ױؿһӵǰһӵĵôˣǿ̭ڶͯ糿ʤ̭

ֳһӷˣ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼͯ糿Ȼսʤŵһţɹ˰С
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
̫ˣԴĻͯ糿Բսʤ
û뵽ɵͯ糿Ȼ֮ǰıԾʵղһȭٶʵ̫죬Ҫ˵ǻκһѡ֣⧲֮¶ᱻУ
һʱ䣬ֳ۷׷ףΪ˱ʵͯ糿
ҲҪ
ɵˣû뵽ԼһʱȻ˱
޷ܣ鼱֮£ʶҪ
ˣ㻹Ӳ𣿸ĻŴӳֱӷ̨ǳ
ϣҸղǴ˶ѣ±һӮġ
ȻǸֹǿʵԽܣһʱȻŵĳԶƻͳǰĶѿھ
ҲҪѾˣûʲôòģˣȼԪҲδܰذְܾ֣ɣ
Ŵӳԣɫһ䣬˵
⣡
ٴӳϵĻŴӳģһ飬ӰûںͲоѣ




1084 ·
Ϊһʱ⣬ͯ糿ط͵Ϯ֣شֱ˱
еޱȱһʱŵĳԶƻӳϵǰ
ǡ
ʱ˿̣ȴˣ
ԼԵǿŵļƻȣֱ΢
ΨһеźľǣԵŴĹھʧȥָᡣ
ϧʱⲻܾܵѶټϴӳϵĳѾףʧ޿ˣֻ㬵Ĭ
Ȼû뵽ǣͯ糿Ȼ֮ǰıʵɱﵡ
һȭٶĺܿ죡
ȫעؽ䱸ҪУҲף
ǲ˼飬û뵽ͯ糿֮ǰıлʵƾʵӦò̫һŶԣǶɱˡ
̨ϣĴǷ׷׸̾òֵʵΪ̫˲˱ʵսܹսʤ
пᣬǴ⻹ΪʲôԭֻҪ˱Ǿ˱ûʲô˵ġ
Ϊ޹Աеϧӡǳã˶ʶģܵģ;úȽ׽
ԭã޷ҲȻܹɱɱҲûпܵġ
û뵽Ȼڰ˽ĵıоͱ̭ˣеⲻ⡪˵£ֻҪпսʤͯ糿ģ
ԼĴӳϽ̨֮ͯ糿Ҳɵ̨ûаֵ⣬еֻǽҡ
֪ĻԼҪӮñǲܵģ˵Լܹɱǿռ˺̶ܴȡ
⡭
صͽչ˶ɵˣû뵽ͯ糿Ȼܹսʤһ֮ڷֳʤֱ˼顣
ͬʱҲĸеͯ糿Ͽȥôǹⲻȥν

ǿ̭ҶԪԪһ˫̨
ۿͯ糿̨ױؿ˵Ŀʼ
ৣ
ҶڴĿл̨ȥ
Ҷ磬Ҫ⣡
ͯ糿ճյؿҶǲΰӰ૵˵
Լʵ²Žһʤ֪ԪŵڶŻ᲻Ҳʵ
ԪһʵҶ֮£пܸĺ󳾡
⡭ϣģ
Ҷͯ糿΢΢ͷʾԼף̨
ԪһҲ󣬽Ҷ̨Ҷңңԡ
˫׼ʼ
һĻױؿû˷ʱ䣬ֱʼ
ױؿĻ£̨ϵһӱ
ҶƽĿŶԪһȥӦϵÿһϢ仯
ƴƴƴɣƴƴϢ伫
еĸ֣ڶû֮ǰԼǾԲȶֵģΪᱩ¶Լͼ
Ҷںǰ֪һˣصĶôܹԼϵһУڳ֮ǰжܹ
ǰѪģǷ֮ĺ׼
ԣҶ˿˫۵ĿԪһϣȥӦֻҪκ춯ԼܴԲ
ţ
ۿҶһԪһȳ֡
Ϊղͯ糿Ĵ򷨸ܴ
Ȼѣ䲻⹥ޱȷˣԼҲܹ漣ɱǿ
Ȼ֪ϣãԾɾһԡ



һ˲䣬ԪһԼʵӵ۷壬˫ֻûצӰԪҶȥ
ã

һֱӮòʣ̨ºȲϣЩɢ޻ͨˣڿԪһ̲֮סк
ǿ̨ЩǿĴҲ̲סͷԪһĲǺͯ糿һģҶԷߣȻ书һۣǿʢһнԷش
Ψвױؿ̫ϳŲǰΪҶվˣվ˾иɻֻҪκι޷ƶ벽ķ
һ̣ױؿ֪ԪһҶĶ֣һһܹ˫ǳҶɲǿûߵصĶԴÿһ֣Բġ
ǶҶʵǳ˽⣬綼йУοԪһ
ԪһʵͳȲ˲ֹһ
ҶɱֵĻԪһһж費±ᱻܣпܵ

̨ϣҶˣ
ûֱֶӽ˲佫ԼʵѹƵͶͬľأչ֣һѪ
䣡
ȭצײϯķ̨󷨵ֵ޷̨֮⣬ȴϡ
ţ
ۿҶеôǿǺԼ൱Ԫһʱģ
Ҷǲ꣬ͥвϳֻԪһĹơ
һʱ䣬ȭòֺ
ã
ʣ
һ¿ֻ̨µЩͨĹڣսžȻѹͿôֵģֻҪǾͰ
ױؿͼĴǿҶڿѹԼʵĿĺԣԷĵϸӶնԷԪ÷ʽͼһҶ֪ϤԪŵĹ似·
ʵԡǽУСӲ򵥰
ׯԪݵĸ۾˸ضҶ̲ס޵
ûлӦ飬һϿɵı顣
ҶسɴزۣһĻ·֮һӰ
˼ĴȺһݵ߸˸ߵۡ
һ߳һǺ«һߺ˵ţ޷Ҳᵱӽˮˣ
ʵϣϳĻԻᾪԭأ
Ϊʵ̫ˣǰʱ˷벻ΪѹͲᳯ롣
߳Ǻ«մ֭˫ϺҵһĨŪøˣͨ˶ԶԶģճϻ
ͬʱ̨ϣԪһԽԽľĹôҶػؾôȭȴڽǶȺϽĹģûһܹЧ
ҸԪһеǣҶ·ܹδ֪һֵһɲǱȷķӦûһܹʩչȫȫҶ;У
һеĻû£ʱ䳤Ԫһܲˣֱĸоֱ쳤ХҶȭͣߵǴ󿪴ϵĸ·ӣÿһȭԪڲѡ
£ԪһĴ֪ս޹ѾЩˣüҪУȴҶԤʶˣûܳɹ
ҶһʱԪŵĹ似һЩص֮ΪҪսԪХִ»
ңʱԽһֱţϣԪһܽԪŵѹ׵ľʩչ
ɣ
Ƭ̹ۿԪһûʲôѹ׾ˣҶƶȻһ䣬ȭһȭԪһ̨




1085 뼤
Ԫ似·֮Ҷ˷ʱ䣬һȭ㽫Ԫһ̨
һȭҶδɱֻ֣شԪһδ
ȻɺԪ֮ŻⲻĳԹҶԪŵӡ󼫲Ҳ֪ɱ֣Ҳᱻױؿ˳ˮۣױؿѿ
ǿ̭ҶʤԪԪһ̭
ۿԪһȻˣ֮ǣױؿ˿ȻҶͷʾ⣬Ȼ㿪˱
СӶԾƺԪĿƿ˵շ磬šϯϣׯԪݵĸ̲ס̾
ĻһԵ飬ͬ
һսҶ˺ӡҶʵĿƺ;Ƶİ֮׼ʵ̫ޡ
ǣšӺͳ衢Х֡еè壬Хֶ˲δе£һ˿ضûС
ǶԼʵģ
Ȼ󲿷˿ʲôΪԪһˣűҶ̨
ױؿҶ̨ص˺
Ҷð
ҶӺģ
ͯ糿չɼȺףء
̫һɫϾ
Ϊ
һҪˣ
̫һȻҲǿҪսʤХַǳף׼ȷ˵Ӯ١
ǿ̭һԪХ֣̫һ˫̨
˻ڸղŵľʱ֮еʱױؿٴοڣһķ֮һʼ
ʦ֣Сĵ㣬ХĺֶرİҲûϵѾȡ˽Ԫؾʸ񣬷ϺƴҶ̫һ˵
š
̫һ˵ͷԾһӣϧ𣬲϶˵һ֡
ȥ⣬ִܷӳõˮƽȥɣſѡ
Ϊ̫ϳϣɽͬѣȻʦֵӸģϾҪڱиʧĻԼȥҲʦֽ
̫һĬĬͷȻһ̨
Х̨˰Ȼ̫һĿӣ
Ǹо·У̫һֵʸûУ
˫׼ʼ
ۿ˫̨ױؿûзϻ֮ͬǰһֱʼ
ಣ
ױؿĻ£Хֱ㶯ˣ
Ϊǿ
Хѡȳ֣

ֻӻһ⣬˲ӵ̫һߣ̧һϳȥ
˲˲Ҷ̣Хְ˲ҪҪ̫һһ
ţ
̫һɫһ䣬û뵽Х־Ȼ˵ʹкûС
Ҳսţ֪мܲ˫㶤ڵϣӺ˲ƽʹ˸ţܹХһơ
ͬʱ̫һŭѣ
ΪĵһĵӣԼĽԼʧܣȴ̱Է裡

ХֳȴһƳֱ֮ӸǰָɽԪӿʩչŵ̫һؿȥ
һʵˣ̫һоҲɡ

ͷ̫һ˳ʵսǱܱƳˣҲĲ˫ָָâХֵ˫ȥͬʱҽŷХֵȼ䡣
ţ
Хɫһû뵽̫һӦôǿſһԪ̫һָâײɢˡ
ͬʱХӵһת̫һ߳һţһ˦̫һϡ
ž
̫һֱӱ˳ȥ
һƣȻδ̫һ˺Ĵֱ޷ݣ
Դ̤֮·󣬻û
һûУ
ߣ㣬ܶˣһƵζɣ
һ֮Хֲûгʤ׷һЦ˵
~
̫һһȴûɥʧǵֱɱХ֣ȶһųХɱȥ
顭
ɲǼ䣬˱սһ̨Ӱ磬ϡ
УХּռ˾Ϸ磬ȫѹ̫һ
Ļʱܽȴû
ž
һ죬ХһƳ̫һϡ
һƣХȫֱ֣̫һĻԪֻİͷһ㣬ҲѪ˿
Ҹƴˣ
ٴα⣬̫һŭˣ˻ŭ
ɵĺĵӵһˣصĶܸı⣿
ƴҲûãֻȡ裡
ХЦһ۽ٴνּйƳ̫һϡ
Хƴøݣ㳹̫һĻԪ

̫һ־ף⣬Ҳܲˣֱŭģ˫۳ѪħһХֳȥ
ˣ
Х֣һԵĲױؿȥˣֱֹ˵ıԪХʤ̫һ̭
Ȼױؿٴȥ̫һֻܶ˸

̫һбŭ޷
սеһ˿ǸòХֵĶ֣Ҳ뵽ŵĻ֪Լðʧֻǿ衣

̫һۣҪеıŭȫ³ȥһ㡣
ô
̫һһӣХЦĻǩ״սұ֤֮ھ·
һ̣ХѾˣǳơ֮ڻж֣δܹϾ̫һҲǳǿȼԪƴĻûô

̨һƬѻȸղŵսǵǰ˿ХֹȻƣе̫һδ
ЩɢҲɵӣڿһ֮󣬷׷ײХֵ˫ȻڵжӪôʲôжνˡ
ͬʱҲΪ̫һģƣֻҪǸѪԵ˶̲סģʵ̫۸ˡ
㡭
ХֵĻ̫һиոѹȥŭһִ˫ĶХ֣ǵѪҲȥֲ
ʲôҿ㻹Ǽβ͹̨ɡţǵŽʲôţ䣿˵ɶ
ڹ꣡
̨Ҳ֪˭ӦһʱǵúôЦ˵Էͷڹꡣ
Х֣㲻üңӽҲҪ汳Ҹǩ״ݣ
ôԼţ̫һʧأŭ죬ҪХֽս




1086 ǰս
̫һХ⣬ܴ裬ûбŭԴѡ̨
Ȼ
Хֿɵʱŭˣֱѡս
УЦѣļƻܿͻЧˣ̫һһХֵУɱȻԪŲݡ
з֮ǲưոݵģͬʱԳĸ߰ԸХ֮ĹϵȻá
ʱɡԪźͳƴһɽۻʰо֣һ̲ң
һ˳ĻŽԪΨһһڣڽ;޵۹࿹ˡ
̫һɣ
ۿ̫һҪХֽսųϴ󾪣æֹͬʱ˶Ӿһֻһλϵֱ̨Ϸȥ
ʦ֣Ҫϵ
ʦ֣嶯ǹ̼ġ
Х֣
ͽչҲһǰһĳ̨ҶǸһųϵֱ̨Хֵ۾˵
嶯ħ㻹ǹԹԵǵĻͷڹɡ
Х˿壬֪ôǰǾԲᶯġ
һŻ֣ױؿҲԻֹ
һ£޿֣һ̼̫һ̫һڡ
ϣңһҪΪղŵĻۣ
̫һײţûһҪХƴļơ
֪²ΪΪƥ֮£һȥŵͺһ
µҲɫÿҲβܣ̫һХֽսĻ̨ϵıȻ̫һ
Ը⿴ģ
ңҶѾɱǿһͻХ棬ʱҶԸХ֣Хִ˿ǿҪǿܶࡣ
Х֣һߣ̫ˣҶ䶢Х֣ɢűɱ⡣
ԭͶԪʮֳӣղХֵ̫һ˵⼤̫һսҪ̫һ
һеһУХֶɱ
ǿȽ㻹ΪԼɣԸ㲻Ҫһͷڹꡭ
ҶĻҶɢıɱ⣬Хַǵ壬衣
Ҷԣûٶ˵
ͬʱ̫һļ˵̫һѵ㻹ûʵͿԴ㣬ȴûҪ㣬ʧȥǶӦսҪɱ㣬δ
ϣҡ
µ̫һ˼֣ȻХֵͼȻ޷˫ͨ죬˼㡣
ʦ֣ģ֮ܣպһʮ
Ҷ״ǰһֱ̫һ˫ۣһһ
֪̫һ˿̶Ϊ˹ȫֲХֽսеȴĨȥģӰ
һ£Ҫ˵ʲô̫һ
οХָղŴγɣҪһԺҲ޷Ԫˣ
̫һ֤ԼһΪֻعһسӣ
ҶӣʦûãŵˣҶĻ̫һһͷ˵
ǺǡʮЦˣХһЦ
ʮƣұ֤һ¶٣Ҷ˫΢Уĸָͷһһ

ХЦ˫綾һ㶢Ҷɭ˵ȻţġԸǵıУ
⣡
ҶɱɽŷʱΧ¶ȶ˺ܶࡣ
ǵҲôʲôʱԼʱˣ
ױؿɫЩѿȻ˫̬ХֺҶ˵棬ҪǰĴڡ
׳ϣ̽аʱ仹磬ͲٵˣХֹʾ
׳ҲôΪҶҲˡ
Ȼ˫ҸһǾͨĻǵıǰڣȥصȺ֪ͨ
Ƿ;аҲһ˵ģҪʹһ£ͨĻ
ۿҪ̽дսһźԪŵĴӳҲǻױؿ˵
ã
ҶХͬػӦȻɨһ۶Էת̨
һĻױؿһӵ̨ƽ̨ϣͬʱšӺ۵һһνǰͻ¼
ȻǶϣбǲǵԸʱҲ磬ҶյľûӰ죡
ȿڣǾ޹Ա˵Ļռкܴķ
ϣǵأ
ĻױؿŤͷźԪŵĴӳϡ
ͬ⡣
źԪŵĳͬ
źԪŵĴӳҲϣͽа޿ɲɡ
֣𣿡ױؿֿҼԪա
ûԪջص
ãȻҶûҶХֵıǰУ
ױؿԣϣը죬쳹ԪǵϿա

ױؿ㳡һƬڣǼԸӡ
һѡֲμӰ˽ĵ̭֮ҪϢ죬֮Żаȴأٵˡ
ߣǶҶХֶ˳ˣֱâ˵ıԾʾף
˵ҶԪХ֣˭ʤ
ԪХ־ʤ
ƨҶʤŶԣ
ǣҶûбʤİգ˵Хʮ⣿

ȺУ֪˭һ⣬ʱ飬ҶХ˻ų̨̂˱ֳӪ࣬ĭҷɣͲֱӿˣ
Ҷģ
˳Хһٴ̨Ŀ絶һ㶢Ҷ




1087 
̨ϣХֵĿ䵽̨Ҷϵʱ˻ϢǣƲµսɱ⣬ΪԲģĴ
˿̵һͷ˶ɵޣɢΣյϢ
ѡѵХֵʵ
̫ǿˣҸеԵĲһˣһεޣ
ϢѾʥ̥ǿ˰ɣ
ѹԪŵĵһӣʵ·ǰŴ϶ںѹɣ
ХֽԼϢȫͷųһɲǣ˶ˣû뵽ʵȻ˿ֲ
òԩ
ЩХһлܵСŵѡǷ׷׸̾ǺХʵǲ̫ˡ
̨ϣĴҲǾȲѣҲû뵽ХֵʵȻ֮ǿԪ۷ľ磬ϢѾʥ̥ڵǿˡ
Хʵ̫ǿˣҶҪսʤѰ
ֹǺѣǲܵģҲҶҲǿ򲻿ھҵѡӱҲΪҶսʤХ֣ߵĲ̫ˡ
ûХ֮ǰûʵĻҶһƴ֮ڡ
Хչ¶ԼǿϢ̨֮һƬǹ㳡ϵͨڻͨеɢǣǺĲѡֺ͸šĳǶҶսʤХֵļʺСС
ϯϣȸĴĬ
ХչֳϢΪХֵʵȫڳ裬ھʵҶʼûб¶ʵʵ¹˭ֺ˵
̨СӦÿԱƳҶСһЩʵˡ
ͬʱ̨Ⱥ֮УݡűǺ«ߣ̨ϵХ֣˵ţСֱӱû
ߵĻ£Ҷվ׼ս
Ҷ磬˲֣ݺݽѵһ٣
ͯ糿Ҷģͬʱ뵽֮ǰХ̫һĳ棬ʮߣ̲ס˵
š
Ҷ˵ͷȻ̫һ
Ҷӣŵҫˡ̫һŬŬ죬˵
Ҷԣû˵ʲôֻ̫һļġ
һоڲУ
ಣ
ƿҶһ̨Ⱥٴΰ
ĳ˰
̨ϣХһЦ˵ţ뵽ǰԪźĶ̼㲻ǺΪ̫һǸô㲻Ǻ뺴ŵҫôҸᣬսҲң
⡣
ҶޱػӦѶХֶɱ˿ХսȻܾ

ҶХֵĶԻԭȺʱ궯
Ȼ˶֪ɺԪŵĶԹҲ֪ҶԪź¼û뵽һʼҪս
Ҳǣ˴αΪֹͷһأ
ȷҪս
ױؿҲЩȣ̲סѵҪǣһս֮кп䡭
ȷ
ױؿĻ˵꣬Хֱ㿪ڴϣһȲӣǸо޲Ҷ
£ɢſµϢҶĿгɱ⡣
ҶأױؿҶȷϡ
Ҫ꣬ҪˣҪסġҶʣӱ̬ȡ
ĺܺ棬ĵţХԣһЦ˿ûнҶ
ܿͻ֪
ҶӦ֮⣬ʮ⣬һ٣Ȼ;ѡģ

ХŭӣŭһԪʮն

ŭХ˫һһԪ˫ɲǼɫһɫս׺ݵնҶ
ԭХ־ȲҪɱҶ˿ٴҶ̸ʮ飬ʱŭȳ֣
ģǡ
ԪϾѧʮնȻһͶ似ҪƴĽ𣿡
˶û뵽Х˵ʹ򣬶һֱɱУʱѡ
Ԫھѧʮնܹ֮ɫХֹȻţ
̨ϣüΪ۱ԪݸˣԪźҵľѧһ˽⡣
Ȼ˵Уȴ֪һЩԪŵھѧʮնһǿ似
似һΪΣһʼʱ˫ɫ֮ɰɫٽ֮ɫﵽɫԪҲû
û뵽ХСС;ȻѾʮնɫ
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ѵХ˵ɶһѪصˤ̨ϡ
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1088 ǿѹ
Хȳ֣ԪžѧԪʮնͣȴҶһȭɣ
ȫ

ЩΪХֽкü͵Ƿ·߬ס˲ӵĹѼһ㣬ȴһҲ˵ȫɵˡ
Ҷ֮ǰǶΪҶֵܹХǿʮնΪҶˡ
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ʵȴݺݵĳһĶ⣡
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һУһξĸо
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ô
ɵҶǿʲô̶ȣȻܹХʩչǿһʱһȭХֺɣش
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֮У顢ȼĴ
ҶһȭƵХֵġԪʮնʱǱ϶еĲ²⡪Ҷ
ɷϣΪԪѡ֣Хֵȷǳǿ󣬰֮ǰʵֱ˿̲ű¶ʵս
ûã֪֮жôĿֲ
꣬ϣ֤ɵ۵ǿߣսѾ޽ӽڴۣΪ֮µһˣ
ǹǿһֱ֮һ˸
ȻҶһЩƤëѣսХȴѾ´ˣǵ֮С
СӵеҪãõһزһĵ·бضӰˡ
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Хִ̨ıԵŤˣг˾֡ŭ벻ʡ

ХһХȼԪһɿֲϢӿ
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˿̵ХѾ˲ЩˣֻҪܹҶɱٶĸԳܡ
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ȼԪΣע
ҶһδȼԪӭսٴκһȭ

򵥣ֱӣ
񱩣ǿƣ
䣡
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ۡ
һΣХܴһѪɫʱò԰ֽûһϲ
ܣȼԪ£ԾɲҶĶ֣ҶûȼԪ±ٴλܡ

ȫٴμžţ˶ҶȭȫˣһƬհףǰƺͣҶһȭ˲䡣
ܴشХּɥʧս˿̵һͨûκһͨˡ
ž
ž
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Ҷһȥÿһߵֳÿһ£µƶһƬ˸ʾų˾޴Ĺ
ˡˡˡ
Ҷÿһ·һشХֵϣɫ˲ֽһ㡣
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ֱ˿̣֪ʲô£ʲô־壡
˵ʦֵ裬һʮĳʮƣһ٣ڣ˻˵ʱˣ
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㡭
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Ļ˵ڣĶ
Ҷһƴ̨ıԵ鵽̨룬һ·Ѫ




1089 ɱХ֣
ಣ
ҶһƳХ֣ͣ٣һ˲ӵХֵߡ
㡭
ŭͱХֵȫŤˣѪһͷŭʨӣͼҶ˻
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Ļ˵꣬Ҷϣ˵ʮƣһ٣
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Ŀ֮£ҶӽѵĶһХ֣ϵسŶ⡣

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ЩԭΪҶذܵˣҶİƲХֵϣͬʱҲϣϻģ޲Ҹطȥźá
Щԭ֧Ҷˣ쳹㳡
ЩҶСŻСѡǰңҶʵǸеðҶλѡһĻ̨ܻܲ
̨ϣڣ۾ȴ˷ܺĿ⣬ЩѾãܶɶǲǻʸ֮һ
˿̣Ҷıִɵ磬ףɲܹ֮һƣпܻһԾΪ֮ס
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֪Ҷ֮Ի̨ϳХֶ⣬ȫΪ˸һسӣ
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ȻХΪ֮ǰشʧȥսи޷ΪԪ۷ʿХֵҲǳʵԲûг
ХȻһѪģȴʼռͦţһ˫۾ߺ޵Ĺâ
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һƳ꣬ХҲһԵڵϡ
Ҷ״һŲХֵϣ·Ǵӵɱһ㣬ɢһŨҵɱ
ʮƴˣˡ
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֪ΪʲôһΣХҶĻϵķŭ࣬ȡ֮ǿֻ벻
ҲӦüǵã˵ûбҪȫʬˣҶɷǳ䣬κθɫʡ
ҪɱңԪŽ㲻ݣﶼᱻɱһıҲҰٱ
ܵҶɱ⣬ХĺˣĺţԪ̧вҶϣҶܹɵ
Ԫţ
ҶһЦˣԪŵźںв
СӣҶ
ۿԼŵĵһһߣԪų̲סȵ
ң
ԪŲݣ
Ҷ۶ԪųϣǿƻӦ

£Ҷҽ̧𣬶ХֵԴȻ£
ۡ
촫ХֵԴ类شôһ㣬ױѣѪĽʹ˱

һĻȫԾ
Ȼû뵽ҶȻǿƣԪųϵŭһԪŲݣһŶХֵԴ
Сӣ
ĿԼϣŵڷԪųϽ޵͵̨˫Ŀѣɱǡ
㶯һָͷԣ
һŭȣ͵һڿһ㣬Ž̨֮ϣһɽһ㻤Ҷǰ۶Ž磬ս졣
սһ




1090 Բ
ţɵ̫
ۿҶǰɫ࣬ϵɱ˼֡
һȻҲʥ̥۷ǿߣȴŵĶ֡
ΪҪǣХֺҶѡսҶɱХ֣ҲܶҶ֣˵ױؿҲԸ⣡
̫ҿԪŵĵɻӦǿޱȡ
ãããһɻ
ŭЦԪŵĵսɵĵӣԪʲô˼Ԫź۸ɣ
Ԫţ
ЦѲˣԪŵĵ֮ǰôɵģԼ˳һͲҪֱʮ壡
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һʱϾ֮ǰХڹꡣ
ǣֻԪŵɣɵԪôӵ
ȻսǾԸķ䣬һʥ̥ǿ̨߳ʲô˼ԴСô
ڽʱ̨һЩ֧Ҷˣ
ৣ
ɫ˲üΪѿŭĿɨ򿪿֮ˡ
٣磬԰Ϊʥ̥ʿôԴС
ż״ЦҸ㣬ԴС۸ɵĵӣҷ㵽סҲһս
ϣĪҪ嶯
ٴŵĻܵϵŨս⣬ױؿһæǰֹȻɫƵضŽ磬ʵϣԵ̨Ǻ⣿
ΪԪŵʬ
ױؿʣŭɢ룬ڻӦ
ȻˣХֵʬ壬뿪̨𲻱ҪĻˡױؿ˵֮гžζ
Ǿ޹ԪǵĳҲͨǿߣݵλʵԶ磬Ԫŵ̫ϳϺŶ޷Ტۡ
֮⣬ǱŴĲк͸ˣΪսȻʮֲ
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УһЩµԪǹۿɢǲ֪飬̲סʵ
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콲ʲô
ΧЩӣ׷׽ΧҶϾҶ˵ǱαоԵһƥ
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Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
һɳ˿ֲľأǹ𣿡
һ˵Ҷոռɲһ꣬Щ֪ɢǶʱ̾

Ĵ˵ľ̾˵ڵҶɵʱ򻹷һԪݵĴ£ԪźԴеĳϺ;ӢˣϣܹҶߣͯҲǻʶˣһ֪Ҷ˱سɴԣϧͺ˺ƤҲҪպҲûܵóѡ
ЦǣвҶԼߣû뵽Ҷ˵ԴˮˣһʱڵΪЦ̸
Ҷȷǿ󣬵һҲ׽ԪŵˣԪžԲưոݵģ϶ȡ֮ǰ
Ľɢڸ̾ҶʵǿͬʱҲΪģԪΪԪǿһڣʵꡣ
ҶεĵԪţθǽ״ӣԪźĵӵһ˵ХָˣԪܲ
̨ϣױؿ̲סҡͷ̾ãҶԳƵʤʵ֮ǿ֮ߣھ
ΪױؿźҵĹϵǵʵҲ൱˽⡣
֪ҶɴĺĵӣĺҶǾûǿս
ҪǣҶСС;Ȼܹİ壬ÿݡ
Ҷز۵ĻɾͱȻ
ΪΪ屦ڵϣܹ͸ܹȴëһټ
Ҷʵֲɱ̬ѵá
̨ϣ۱פԪǵĸľҶǿʵͬʱҲǳɱΪ
˿ҲڰǣҶԼûѺע֮ʣԼο׬ʲôˣҶǡ
ʱǳìܣҶܹڣȴвϣڣΪһڣ۱ȻҪܶʯԾ۱ӴĲЩۡ
磬ҶҰСѾȳ̶ȣвԩ
۷׷׵ʱ򣬳ҾųͻȻ˵û˿仯ϲޱûη塣
󣬵ȴǡôΧ˶ܹȻҲҶˡ
ৣ
ԣʱһ׷ڵĵطȥ
Ϊλ˵ѵ֪սʤͯ糿֮󣬽žͻٺҶľ𣿡
ղŵĴսҶʵѾ¶˲ˣ軹δǰչֹʵ
ԣ˻޷ȷʵжǿ
ѵſԻҶǴԲѣ
һ̣˶Լ


1091 Ʒؼ似
ûд𰸣
ûʽ֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵ǳǿҶʤһ
Ϊ˶ʵ̫ǿˣ˿͸
ӪУɫѿȻҲ֪˵ʵֱҲ޷ͻԼҶϵΪ顣
һֱǼĽصĺĵӣ֮֮ѾһԾΪźӵܵĵһˡ
û뵽ҶȻŴԪؾ˳ܹҽ̫ϳɽ׻ݣǱ֮İ壬ڱзϵΪ
˵Ҷ֮һسĺޣ˫ֻһ˻
û˿ԼĸĿ⣬Ŀת˲Զͯ糿ϡ
ȻǵıǰˣǵıǲھͽУ
赭˵ߣɴ಻ñˣԴһ⣬ҷǸϴ䣿
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Ҷתһ룬Ѿ˵ϣݲͯ糿Ӧսˣͯ糿ʱܶսĻȻϣӰ
ԣ֪ذܣͯ糿ҲԲһսڱУ
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Ҷ磬İɣзִ磡
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ǰС磬˵Ķԣ豻ΪԪݵһţʵ֮ϣҲûʲôƽĶԴɣ
ҶҲѣ֪ͯ糿ʵԲǳĶ֣Ȼͯ糿ʲô뷨ȴ֪ͯ糿ԼһƬ⡣
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һĻܶ˶׷ָû֮ȻһŮһʶʵûһǿӦеؽȡ
ͬߺͳǿ߲ìܣԪǵҲͬͬУټͯ糿ⳡΨһһֵڵŮʿȻͯ糿żֱܵͬ顣
һʱ䣬ҳʸ֮ģŪóӪ˶βѣΨ峤ԪպͳĮȻ֮ûб⣬Ҳû˵κλ
۷׷׵ʱΪױؿ߹ͯ糿ʵǷͬͽб㲻ͬĻ̣С
ΪУױؿòѯһ£Ҳʾͯ糿һ£ԾܾͽбƳٵҲǷϹصġ
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վﲻͯ糿޷ķһַͯ糿ûС
ģ̫˼ˣ辿жǿƾԪܵסԪڵǿߵĹôܣ
ԾҪ˵Ԫ۷壬ʥ̥ڵǿߣҲ˿ֲĻԪɣ
˷׷ײ⣬Ƕʿ֪ԪޣǶԸԼϼĶ֣Ԫã˫Ĳûôôģ
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һױؿ˵˷׷׻Ȼף֮ԸվŲɶֹΪһǿķ似
һֵؼƷ似ר̬ϺͻԪ޼˸
似Եֵ߳ԼһСǿߵĹľ似
Ԫݣؼ似ͷǳרŷĵؼ似͸ˣοǵؼƷ似ֱ˵ϡС
ߣ֪ôŮˣøһȴϹ۵ĿһɽҰСӣֱǷ飡
ʱ̨ϳ趯ˣһߣӰһ˲ӵͯ糿ǰ˳Ƴһƣ




1092 ì֮ս
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һ̡
һ촫㳡ϵÿһ䣬ͯ糿ֱӱһƳɣصˤ̨֮⡣

һļž
ͻһĻȫټĹ㳡ٴΰ
ǳ֮ֲ
ǰƾֹȻһƽֳɣȫͲһ𣡡
УЩӵĳϺͼǷ׷׸̾ıʵ̫Ǹеˣһƽֳɣϧ֮飬⣬سһۡ
ǲûʲôΪƾǵʵҪͳһңеκһⶼǲܵġ
֪֮òҪܱͣۻõѡ
һоͻ֣ܶСӹҼһɣ費Ԫݵһţ̫ǿˣ
̨ЩͨɢǶʱнΪΣʯᱻţ˭ֻҪǵˣ㽫ֻУ
˲ǵģЩʵǿŵɢޣһɢǲԸŻ߹ҵΪеģƴ
¶⣬ҲһЩʵǿɢ޸ͲŻ߹ҷ
һ㶼ʵǿᣬƮһĳһîϵĻһŸͷۡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǲȡһԶݵĲԣ潻棬רż䵥ʰʵǿᣬеĳ˶δȫˡ
˵½һȺȥ磬ʵǿǿľݵ㶼ҽһ˿ǻᱨ
Ⱥǿ࣬ҲͰ˾Ÿ˶ѣÿ˶ǿʵһ˸κβǡ
ǽӵһҲǴ߿ɳԭʯʯȵȣǿһɴ
ǶδĹھ־ڱصðֱ˿̣Ծûȫ¶ԼʵȵʱȻӾʣ
΢΢ͷŴ֮ǰ˾޴ߣ˶ԪݿδļҪˡ
ϣڵˣʵȻǿֻΪҲôϲûһϧ֮飡
΢΢üԳʵȷǳͣµһЩȴеǳС
ͬΪŮԣͯ糿Ϊͬģ֪ΪŮˣھп磬ҪΪǶôĲס
ԣԳĹ۸ȻͲôãҲܸıʵǿʵ
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輥һЦҲԼϢȫͷųԪӿܵһ磬Ҷ
ͬʱҶԪӿѪͬͬһ
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ױؿҲµ֮Ȼǲ֣֮ΣȻҪսǾͱҪǩ״ܿʼ
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ǩµһ̣˫ѾǲݵĽ֣ע˫ֻһ˻̨
ױؿ״ֱ̨սѾҪˡ

ͬʱ㳡ˣ
һû뵽Ҷͳľǰݡ
ΪҪǣһҪս
ҾãⳡìܵĽͬ˫ûܹķñһ֮ܣҶ֮ǿһѷìעһ֮Ľ
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ΪŵҶܹʤΪϱȴ޷󡣶óľǹ֮Ȼ˫
۵ܿõһֵͬǾãҶӵڹռƣƳķӦòѡ
ܿ෴ĿΪʤĿԸһЩ
ԭܼ򵥣ҶС磬ԽԽѣӦľԽÿһСĲ඼Ǿ޴ġ
ң轫żƷؼ似üҶС»սʤ衣
ܿ죬㳡ϱγμӪһ֧Ҷһֳ֧裬û
˿̨̣ǩ״֮󣬺ܿٴζ
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Ϣ£˫ĿɱȻҶ˵

ûлش
ҶʵжӦ˳裡
һδףһȭ裡




1093 Ҷս裡 
һȭƱɫ
̨Ϸ·һ쫷һ㣬ȭδȭѾ졣
Գǿ֣ҶҲڲ˽ȡ׵ļӳ£ս
ϧǣҶһȭ̫࣬³ˣȭͷȻâʢ缸ͬʱȭͷȴû˵֮ĸš
֮һ翵ΰ޼ѰΨϵһ˲
ҶҴ֮˿̱ɱǣȻ޷ڴ϶пյһȭ
ˣһȭԾɲС֮ǰԪŵһĵХֱҶһȭбֱشڷ
ȻʵϻХָǿֵܷסҶЮ߶һȭǸδ֪
úã
һȣ˲佫Լʵ˼ޡ
ȻҶĶ֣ҲҴ⣬ֱӽԼǿսʩչ

ͬһȭóǿ似ڤȭ
һȭ·𽫵֮һ㡣
ڤȭǳԳǿ似˵ؼƷ似似ƷʣĽ似
ΪΨһһţȻ似˼£һֱ󾪺
ڹ·Ȼڹ·ҪƴĽడ
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кϷˣҶ֮κɷĶˣͿ˭ʵʤһˣ
㳡ϲŹ㲩ߣһ۾Ϳ˳ѾҾѧڤȭһľ磬֪ҶȻ֮Ҫǿʵѹְ
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ͬҲʶĹҺʴκһ֣£һᱻֱһȭС
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СңƵɷ֮
Ҷһȣǰȥɷȭɷ֮ǳ˽⣬֪ɷ֮˲佫ԼĴ֮뵽ȭͷ֮С
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ʵ־磬κʽǶģΨʵϵӲӲǽսѰ취
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˵ȭͷһײһҶ˫ĿտȻ˿ɷ֮Ӱ죬־ټԼʶҲǳǿɷ֮κá
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Ҷͬˣн似壬ҶҺı壬ǿޱȡ
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һм䴫Կ죬ͬʵˣͬķˣ˭Ҳռκαˡ
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Χ۵ֻܿϱĶĿâȭƽ˵ӰˣֻܿӰ̨Ͽٵš
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Уų˫Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿսս¾еһЩոʥ̥ʥ̥ڵĳǶĶ֡
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չһ߽ŵĿ̨Ҷͳ֮սһæ͵еʵ˵꣬Ķ߶ʲôأһ
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һ߶չ˵ʱͽչ֮£õĶҪһˡ
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ڣϰйȥˣҶԾܹͳս൱Ԥϡ
ѡȻֻˣǼһеľӢֻϧΪڶŵĳѾˡ
費ܽҶɱĻμҶˣҲʧأԣҪҶɱС
γһ㣬ҪɱҶȷѶȣȻҶûнĵؼƷ似֮ǿ󣬴Ԥϡ
ͬʱҶԪ·޾һ㣬ѾԺУȭԪԴԴ糤һ㣬ó⾪ȡ
һԪʿԪ˵˿̾ûкĸҲǿ֮ĩˣҶȴһƣ̬ûУⲻϳ
ڳһɲǣҶץס˻ᣬһУӿ۽ûзӦһ˲䣬һƺݺݵ˦˳ϡ
ž
һ죬˴״̬оѹ豻ҶһֱӳɳȥԶϸֳһİӡ
߶˽żƷؼ似лԪ壬ᱻҶһƳ鱬ͷ­ɥ
һƣС绹ģ
һ֣ҶȻ˵


1094 Ҷս裡 
边ȻҶһƳ˳ȥֱţ
νһŭΪգˣǧ򲻸õҶ潫ͯ糿ɣͯ糿Ҷۣ֮ŭ
ݵĳ̨֮µĹǷˣ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢһĻֽţ¶ʱںѷֳʤ
Ȼ
û뵽ǣйҶȻռϷ磬һƽ˳ȥ
ѵҶʵսȳǿ
һʱ䣬֧ҶĹ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬پü˲٣ҶʤǿС󣬾Ȼ˳һİơ
ͬʱҲΪҶеģϾǱΪԪݵһţҶȻҳһƣ˭ʤ˭˵
ҶһƲ̨ͨǵԤϣͬҲǿߵԤϡ
ͿʵƺǿһȻʱڿʲôһʱӳϵĲͻᱻ޷Ŵ
ǿҶȻеİ壬ӵ֮ɱϾԪڵʿ
֮ϣÿһСĲǷǳģԵľԪĴȺϵĲ
һԪڵʿԪϾԲһԪ۷˸࣬һҶԪãǱɣȻ֮ǰĹܹͳ貢һľԪʤԶ
Ҳֲǣ˭Ҳ뵽ҶľȫκһѨжܹԪγһϵͳǲġ
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ͽչֵ㵸ӪȥȻӪ˶һŵ𾪱顣
޷ʵ
ǿǿģԪһе޵дڣ
УԳΪ𾪣
˴ǰԪǣΪܹۼ֤轫Ҷɱ
Ȱȣò׵ȵ˽죬豻ҶһƳˡ
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һ̵ɴ۾Ŵͣһض̨·𲻸Ÿղһģ
ͬʱͯ糿ӯ֪ҶһжΪ˸
ˣҶղһƻỻɸΪɱУҲڳһƺ˵Ǿ仰
һ̣Ҷе޷ŴΰɽһֵܹκκĸɽһΪڷ絲ꡣ
ǿǿҶѾ˸ֵķ緶ؽΪԪݶΪ֮Ĵڡ
ſıȽⲢΪʵʥ̥۷壬ΪҶ㹻˽⡣
ֻҶûгʤ׷֪ҶǿģųԲĶ֡
ȻҶһƳ˳ȥȴδˣĽַ似ʵ̫ǿˣҶ׹ơ
һҲ޷άԼµĸַ緶ˣ׵ϸߣԵøǱ

쳤Х˫Լ£ԭѾǿʢٴһء
ҲƴˣΪ˽ҶУϧʹһְԵѨԪ̼ԼļѨﵽƳǱܵЧ

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ɱ
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֮ǰҶܹһƳɳ裬ͨɱǿƣѹƳ裬ȻѰҵ©һ֡
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飡
飡
飡

֮Ҷȫ购ϢĻᣬԪϣԡȭķ߶֮˹óڽڰˣͬһ쳹̨
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һɱжԺ֮󣬳豻õɶѪԪһ˿ңҶ磬ս

ѸסҵѪԪһٴϣԾշץҩøղŵĿ칥ʽͬʱʩչڤȭÿһȭ·ܱסһ㣬ΧХ
ৣ
գۼ䣬ѾҶǰֳצ״˿˿âָмݺݵҶʺץȥ
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飡
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Ȼû뵽边ȻڶαҶɣ
ѵҶʵȳǿɣʲôرԼϢ
һʱ䣬гɻ󣬸档
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Ҷ֮ǰıȻҲܾޣ󲿷˻ǿóʤ
εŴھǸ׼ģǲȷˣҶܹɱҲδ֪
ҶģҵģҪң꣬
ɻͬʱסΣ׿񱩣˫۱һƬ죡
һ̣ȼһ㣬ɫĻ棬ֻȴὫԼˣϵ·û¡
ȼԪս书һۣһսɡ
ƴˣ
ȼԪ
ҶһߣͬϵȼԼԪ˲ɫĻ棬˷·˽һ㣬ڽɫ֮леɫתȥ󲻿ԣȳɫϺÿˡ


1095 Ҷս裡 
ҶԪϣɱǿѹ裬Ƶó費òȼԪ
ΪˣҶҲҴ⣬ͬȼԪ
˿̨̣Ϸ·վȼյĻһ㣬˫ͬʱսڶʱڼ
֮£Ҷսȳࡪ֮ǰѾط߳Ǳ˿̼ȼԪսҲơ

ȼԪ󣬳ȹһȭԪӿܵɷ֮۳һīȭâֳһŹƾˡ
ûã
Ҷһнâ˸վԭأһȭԪӿȨ񱩵֮кһ׹⡣
䣡
һ죬̺Ϣ׹⣬˲佫ڵȭâɢɷ֮ˮգ׷ױʧһɶ
ৣ
û뵽ԼȼԪȻ޷ӲƴҶռϷ磬ɫһ䣬ӿܺХĲ׹⡣
ͬʱ̨ҵһ£˵ĽȻѿһ˿ϸơ

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ΪҶͳȼԪսʵھˣȫԽԪеս
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νп֣пŵ
ЩͨĹڲͬЩʿǷ׷̨ϵ˭ǿһЩ
ҾȻȻûƣûаܸļ󣬵ŵҶǿһЩ˾ǣԪڵΪͳľͬĻ³һжӲˣ
˵ûǲҪһ͹۴ڵʵҶ֮࣬ҶСܶ࣬ȴܹҶսƽ֣Ѿǳѵˡ
ǰҶھϱȳС磬ռơ˸ǧǲţϧעֻһ˻ⲻܲ˵һֱ
սƽ̨ϣԸĴǷ׷׷ԼĿҶʤһҲԿеš

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ҶƲˣһƹ֮Ӱ棬Գչ˹ǿ֮ԪĽ£ͨ׵ļӳɣȫռһȭһȭǱ

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ҶҲ൱ƣȻռ˾Ϸ磬ķ似ʵ̫̬ˣȻԾ޷ƣûƾûش
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֮Ҷһȭ
ȭȻΪ׷ٶȣ½һȭȻƵ˳Ĺʣȭڳؿڣ
꣡
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һ˻𣬲ŵؿԼ˵ؿڣʵ㹻ǿ㹻ǿҶȭڴƽ֮Ѿ˺ܶĻһ㹻ҪС
ҵģҽԪؾĻᣬҲһҪɱ
ó豩ߣͬʱһľսͻƣ
Ҫսгʥ̥
ʥ̥ʿҪԪʥ̥ѡ
ΪԪݵһţѽԪ˼£ʱɳʥ̥
һֱûѡͻƣΪ˴ŴơΨԪʿſɽصԪؾ
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һ벽ʥ̥ʵնɱҶ練ƣ

ⷬ˶ˣҪ֪Ԫʥ̥ͻһ󾳽磬ͻһСô򵥡
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ҶĻ£ȳ迪ʼʥ̥һǿļµϢͻȻԪӿ֣Ƶ֮䡣
ϵ̨ܿƵز󷨷Ĳ顣
ô£
ͻһĻ˽Ծ
ৣ
һ̣˲Լͬسĳȥ




1096 䣡
ͻϢƴƥڳÿ˶Ӧˣ׷̧ͷ̨Ͽտȥ֪䡣
кܶ˲ǵһβԪǵŴˣϢǳϤԪؾʱŻֵϢ
ǸеǣԪؾҪͨǿּ̨ϵƲܰ쵽ûгֹļ
ԪؾҪ𣿾ʲô
ױؿе죬ĴҲе졣
ǶϢͬİϢֵһɲǣǱжϳԪؾϢ
Ԫؾ
Ǵûйģ
ؾ֮бȻĳֱʡ
һ̣ожϣͬʱûǾ䡣
ֹͣ
ͬʱױؿһҶͳ˼սȥһص˵Ԫؾ뿪̨ǹǿ֮ء
൱ģȴҲ֪Լûͻʥ̥֮ǰǲսʤҶģʱ¿õѡ񣬷սȥ˵ĻԼ
ߣ
һһ̨
ҶҲȥ
ΪӦ̨ϼһ޵ֿ֮Ŀ
¡¡~
Ҷͳ̨̨ϵ˲˺ܶ࣬ÿһƶһһ㣬¡ԪǣԪܱߵǶһֵضɽҡĸо
̨ϣĴǷ׷վŵؿ̨ϿգڴؾĿ
һ̣ǼѾ϶Ԫؾĳֱʣ򲻿ܻ
ҲΪǹ̨ܵĳִ̼ŴؾҪʲôŻǲö֪
˽ŵڴУ̨ϵԽԽˣ·Ҫѹ̨һ㡣
~
һӹ̨ϴȫ˹̨ڿնڰвϵϣγһŵ״ֻǻ̫ȶһƬɣ·ͨһδ֪һ㡣
п̶ûдΨһľûκεļؾԼˣ˶еһĲ֪žǸǻ
ȥ
ΪԪǵĳױؿԴȻ֪ܻΣգ޷˵Ÿȥ
֮ǰױؿûнȥǳԪؾԼĹһóȻﴳĻŶ˾ͻᱻƽɱ
ţױؿ۾ȥӦؾ֮еı仯֮ǰѾйܶεľˣ֪ʲôطǲɽӽĽ
һ̣˵۾ͣϣŵĵȴŽο޷˽ȥĻЦɾͿˡ
ʱһһĹȥױؿɫҲԽԽ˭Ҳ֪Ӧʲô
ৣ
һӺױؿ˫ۣ뿪ţڹ̨ƽ̨ϣɨһ۹㳡ϵˣ˵ԪؾеȷĳֱʣʲôҲӦֻܽȥ֪֮ˡ
~
ϢʿĶ˺ܶ࣬Ľ˼ʣҲʧ䣬ϾܹҲֻ˿Խ룬󲿷ֻܸɿš
ױؿĻȴѡǰһƲסļ
һΣԪؾҲƽˡҲ˵ֻҪڶʮ£Ϊʥ̥µʿԽ룬ʱΪһ¡йڶʮ£ʥ̥µʿԽȥ
ʲʲô
Խ룿ֱ̫ˣ
Щѭб̭ԪѡǾһõĸ
ԭѾԽԪؾκϣˣû뵽Ȼıʡ
һ̣мʿϢ˳Ⱥ⼲ۡ
Ԫ۲չĵӣԪؾıʣȻøϽȡ棬ԪŵҲлԪؾȥѰһԵ
ҶǲκϣˣҶʵʥ̥ʿûĶ֡
ǿԿҶͳ֮սڵΣȻѡؾ֮ͻơ
ǿֻҪؾͻƵʥ̥һҪɱĿ϶Ҷ
ҲвٵӿԽ룬£ͳԸž֮ѡ
һʱĵ󣬹̨ϿյĹȶڰ֮Уһεš
˵͸ȹܹ֮գɴ˿̣֮һƬɣʲôҲ壬˭Ҳ֪֮󾿾ǵá
󲿷˶ԪؾžԵģΪ֮ǰѾкܶǽؾ֮У˳
Ԫؾڵ൱ԶԶܹǵؾôֵģ˭ȷֵؾ粻ɿˡ
ֻǸеǣÿһؾĿȥ˵龰ʱ򶼲һ·ÿһοͨһȫͬһ㡣
ױؿĻֳһӷڶԪʿԾԾԡ
Ԫؾ˱ʵĻⱲӶлؾһ
ױؿ״˫ѹһ£ֹ˵ɧң˵λؾ֮ǰҪһ飬ǾǱŴھ
ױؿ˵һӰԣҶͳ֮սûнھǲЩˣ
Ҳڴױؿѡ˭αĹھϾŴʮһΣԳƵϷǳ¡أ£ھĽҲ൱ġ
ڴĿУױؿɨһվڲԶҶͳˣ˵ŴչھǡţҶ

һȳȫ𶯣
ͿˣȻҪսгʥ̥ϾɹϣСҶʵѹһͷ
һ£ױؿҶΪھȻǿҲʵˡ
ױؿ˶ʱҶȺۣΪժŴĹھڡ
ҶӣɵƯ
Ҷͣ
ҶʦܣллΪһУ
չɺ̫һ˷׷׿ڡ
һսҶ˵һ֮ΪŲе׵Ĵڡ
ģ
ֻһ仰ϵϲµĴɫ޷ڡ
Ҷ磬лл㡭
ͯ糿ģӦ˵ĸ࣬һˣǧȴһ仰Ҳ˵
Ҳսûƾʲô϶һܹʤң
ױؿʾΪֻҪͻƵʥ̥նɱҶһֻһ򵥣ھӦŶԡ
Ҳ˵ܷսʥ̥ɹܹһʥ̥ɹʥ̥ˣԶʧȥؾĻᣬȷҪ𣿡
ױؿضԳ˵

ױؿⷬоݣһӽ˵ƿԣûаսĹʥ̥ɹ
ѾȶˣھҶͽǿѡȽؾ֮С
ױؿѵ˳һ֮󣬸Ӧؾȶ֪ͨˡ
ؾʱֻһ£ÿһӶ˷Ѳã
ಣ
Ҷ˿ͣһǰһʹʧ˵
ಡ
Ҷû֮ǿѡҲ½˹֮ڣʧ
Ҷ飬ҽԪؾͻʥ̥֮ʱǽɱ֮աŰɣQ˼ˣ
ۿҶӰڹʧЦһһֱûš




1097 ս
Ҷʧڹ֮󣬰ڣǿѡҲ׷׽˹֮Уʧ˵
Ԫûһ˽룬Ϊ֮ǰѾ뿪ˣھȫϻҲô졣
ԪŵĵһХֻҶֱӺ䱬ˣǿֻһˡ
ಡ
ۿҶΪ׵İǿѡֽ˹ţԪĲѡǣʮּļǵӵǰȿֺӿ˽ȥ
Ȼ˵һξѵĻᣡ
ΪԪؾûзʵĻǾԲлؾ֮ȥ顣
Ҫ֪ؾ֮лԵĶ࣬ǿʵȡʤǿУ֮죬ܹõĺôҲδ֪
ܿ죬Ԫ֮⣬š壬һЩСŻСѡǶؾ֮У㳡һʮˡ
ɽ˺Ĺ㳡˵߰ʮ˸ǲ׺һڣûٲ˶١
йʸؾʿȫؾ֮󣬳һӾΨй̨ϿյĹڷŵ׹⡣
ಣ
ʱһСŵԪ۷峤ϣѳ˶ʮʿаδõױؿɵǰ£ͻȻεضżȥͼţؾ֮ѰһݻԵ
٣
ױؿһʱ㷢ߵͼȴδֹһЦĿгȥ
ϰӽŵʱͻȻҵĶȻ
ۡ
һ죬Ԫ۷ĳڹŵļѹ£û˿ֱӱˡ
֫Ѫӿ䣬һѪ֮һ㣬漫ֲѪȡ
ðʧһҽжûзһغˣȫʬ£νǻɢ״˼ʧ
⣡
Ҫ󵫴Ԫ۷ʿǣһ˱㣬׷ʵ
ߣ
ױؿһԪؾǼΪصؾԼĹƣΪڶǲ֪
ⷬ״Щһ˿ʿ
ΪĴ̫ˣǳܲǻأûҪ

·ǹ˺ܾãַ·һ˲䣬ڹ֮ûκʱĸҶǰһͻȻӿеˤ˸ʵʵ
ҶһѸ鿴ΧһƬããɳĮɳ죬һͷ
ղţʱһӣɵһضϵĹͷϣʵʵһ¡
ٿУѾˣԼ·֮еһ
һ˼Ҷˣ֮кһԵѡֵĵص㣬ԼֱӵƬ̵ĻĮ֮С
ɳĮռҶҲ֪Լؾеĸطֻѡһǰȥϣܹ߳ƬĮ
ţ
һҶ֣ƬɳĮоȻͲɱ⣬˲ԶͷʬǣѾá
ǳ𾪣֪﾿ʲôȻ˿ֲƣǹɲҵɱֱƺкܶźɱһ㡣
ҲµûĻȻһսȾѪʬɽѪɺӡ
ҶɻͬʱʶͻȻϵ
ʵϣҶԾʱҲӦˣһΣûڣϸӦһſҶ
ս
ҶԣһϵĲ²ȷģҲֻйսŻ洦ɼʬǣγ˿ֲɱ⡣
ҶڵʱǿߺչһִģսϢǺϤġ
ûǹս
Ϸǳ϶˵ֻйսܹγ˿ֲҵɱ⣬ȻѾȥ˶꣬ɱʮŨң·ոշһ
ţ
ϵո£Ҷǰ龰Ȼһ䣬ǰͻȻһͷǿںʿսţ
þ
ǻþ
ڵϵʱҶͷľͨʿս֪ǿ͹졣
ǰ龰Լн˻þ֮У˵﷢Ĵս
ĳҡҶԼ·ս֮һΧ޵˻ʿź
ʿǰ̣ǿȺ
Щʵ̫ǿˣ츳ͨ㲻

֮ҲкܶǿߣһһͱѪȾ˵ʿһֱӽһͷǿ޺ˣֻҪһֱȻһͷ޵¡
ֱһͷƾе޲űס˹ơ
ʿ·磬ʵ̫ˣҺܶ޵Ĺͷǳ̬ͬ£ʿ޵Ķ֡
һͷޱҪʿΧ֮ܽɱˣһḶĴ۲һ㡣
þ̫棬ʵһ㣡
һУҶ鲻ԽڵЩϮͨ˵ĳܶ޴ͨ˳ЩǵĿѪʳ
ǰľͶҶһɱںֱ쳤Х
һ̡
Ҷʧڻþ֮УսЩʿһɱ
ɱУҶҲٲ˽ȫʵӵ쾡£ʶɵɱȭɷȭˡ
ʵУҶվԭһ·˶һþ֮УЩʿһ۾Ǻģɱɱⱬ
вٵʿƵǿԡѪ
Щ෱࣬ÿһ޶һԼе޼似Ȳضãǿ
ԭܼ򵥣޵޼츳ͨ츳ΪȣƲԿ֪
սϷƱãҶԼսͬʱҲܹȫĿ޵սǳ
һ̣ܵĴһգۼͱһʬ塣
սϣֵǮľҲһͬ˲ء
һͷͷޱɱʧɱһͷ޶Ҫ
ڶ˵Эǣ£ҶҲ׵һͷޣɵĹ­룬ͷ޵Դ϶һȭͷ͸ѪԽ罦һ
ŨҵѪζ׵ȼҶս⣬Ѫڣϳ֣·֪ƣ۵ĺ޽ⲫս
ǿ׵ӵ˲޵ķͬʱܹ˵սΣÿ˵ĳַʽͶÿһö
ƬĮ޳˵ʬɽѪɺӡ
ܶǿ߽ԼѪԶƬĮ֮С
ţ
ҶɱʱԺͻȻһ
ʶعˣǰľɫٴη˱仯ԭɳĮԭĲ
þʧˣҶǾþòƽԼľһս
һ֮ս
ǰŭսҲҪشĲĽˣ
СӣʧʧϾȥղڻþоһУʿ֮ɱ似ĶԾȵȣԺкܴ洦
ҶȻ𺳸ղһеʱͻȻѣǰδеࡣ
Ϊ
Ϊ۱ֻ֪ǿģ


1098 ԩ·խ
ҶҲָ֪ĻѵãֱɳϣĵԼһֿͨ͸״̬
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽һ״ľʼղڻþиܵһС
ɱ似޼ĶԺ䡭
þзһǰһ㣬Ҷ𽥽һ֮С
ֶʹԼʵһµʶΨнòСĴۻĳɹ
ʱľҶ𽥽ղڻþпһнΪУľżİ
ৣ
֪˶ãҶ˫ֹۣͣ˸򣬾Լĸּһ㣬㹻ʯĻԼʱֱͻƵԪڡ
ָо˵ʵԪڵ֮ƿ·ֻҪԼһͿͻơ
ΨһϰͻƵʱҪĺԪؾԪǳŨĻͻƣҲҪʯأȷڳ֮ʱΪԪ޷֧Ŷֹһ顣
վƬĹսϣҶпǧ֮ƺܺƽദˣˡ
ʵΪ࣬ǷǳѵģȡţͬʱҲڸš
ǿޣвǷǳģ٣ҶڼطĻڵˣ޵ˡ
̾ҶϤһƬؾ˵ǷѡؾͻƣڿǻΪʱ硣
Ҫ߳ƬĮŲ˳ƬĮˣؾܴ󣬽ƬɳĮޱ󣬷·ûоͷһ
ಣ
ѡһҶڿնһһԻƽӱչԪĴ߶£һһɳĮȥ
ԻƽѾܾûùˣȻǵϵĶϾǻƽĴұƷʻǲģٶҲ졣
ܿ죬Ҷ㻯һɫĹʧããʡ

ϣˤүˣ
Ҷһڽ֮Ҳ͵һƬݵϣڵʱñһľԺݺݵһ£ʱ۵ƿڴ
û£ţһ󲨶һҲƫеϡ
ĸ쵰ô۾
㱻ˣݺݵĽԼϵƿ˰ضȻԼľȻѽչɣʱȥˡ
չ˸׳ˤıݣ֮һб㲻ͬˣƨûС
٣꣬㵲Ҹʲôչɵ˱˻ԡ
˵ûĻˤѾģ
չȻԸֱһʱ䳤ˣ໥Ѭ£Ҳѧڻ
ôһط֣ͯʦúʹʦأ
˶˼֮£һû£һЩΣҲӦͯ糿̫һǲһĻΣˡ
Σղؾ֮УͬʱҲźͼ塣
ȻڻҲȽȫ棬֪ȻԪؾֻҪʥ̥µʿܽ룬ԪŹ
Ԫſ϶Ҳ˽ģ
һһ£ͯ糿̫һԱ࣬ͻȺǣһǳȺӵĻôͯ糿ǾΣˡ
Ҳ֪ǸһģǰţͯʦúʹʦҾͲ֪ûһˡ
չҡҡͷҲ뵽һ㣬ؾ֮УŽҪģȻÿ˶пвͬļβͬʵ̫ˣҵжǿܿٻϵĻױ˸ơ
аǱҪҵǣǻϣ˵ͻӣΣҲ໥иӦֻҪǸ̬ԱǿԵġ
飬˾Ѱͯ糿̫һˣȻһѰҶΨҶҲڣСŶӲŻиɻٴΣҲ˳
֮˲ԥѡһǰȥôһؾ֮Ѱһضڴ룬ǴҲҪһ̡
ؾû·ΨƾŸоߣЩС·ҲԲ߳ġؾÿһοͬСδؾ
ǽĵط㲻ﻨ㣬ݴľ֣ƮŵĻ㡣
ˣ
ʱһɽ֮У׼ѰһȥʱͻȻоڿ߷
ৣ
һжʱһ£Ļ죬Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ǾȻҲؾ֮С
Ԫŵˣ
չɵɫҲٷԪŵĵӣһʵȫԪڵš
٣ԩ·խȻǣ
գۼ䣬ԪŵӱǰΪԪŵЦ
ȷԩ·խ
˲ƣ˿õĺͶԷĿײһʵ
ôԼ˶ϻֵ֣ܶ
Ϊ׵Ԫŵŵ˵ûн˷ĶԶȲʤ㣬
ʦ֣˷ʲôֱ·ˡ
ǣʦ֣һ԰ֻڹꡣ
ûɱţʦ֣㶯̧ǣ
Ԫ˷׷׸ͣ·Ѿһûκв
̫ˣˣǵĴʦХôġҶҲƬؾ֮Уô
չľ˲ҪһҶ֪˽֮ء
Цûбˣ˭֤ɱģҲָҶΪǱˣˣһͻƵʥ̥ѱ
һԪŵ˵Ҷɵģ뵽һὫҶնɱûʲôµˡ
ǳʦЦҶ֪ôһһǵȷĶ֣ܵסֵ𣿱ˣﲻǱ
ɱǲܷŹ˵ģͽչҲʶһ㣬˿̾Ӷδӵõֻܾһƴˡ
ʦ֣˵ôʲôǣҹζ࣬ѹɱǴ´ˣ
˵ţԪŵһжһͷ˸һչȥХһ̶
һ֣ԪŵҲ׷Լнǹì
Ĺߣݺݵͽչ˹ȥ
ģƴˣһ׬һ
չһХԼȻǷֳزڱķ컭ꪣԸ񺩺ֱԼѡȻҲܴ̣󿪴ϵķ컭ʺˡ
ȻչѾѡӲҲֻӲƴˣһԼײõһԻۣգۼԪսһ




1099 ս
չɺ˽ؾ˵һ
ǲ˵ǺܿԪŵӡ
ν˼ۺ죬˫ܿɱһ
ֻս̨һһսȫһһһĻչɺ˲ǡ
ټһ˵£˶ʱȻһһԿ̫١
ǲҪԪŵĵսͬʱҲҪһԻǸʦ֣һʱЩ׽ˡ
֮ǰȻչɺ˴ûֶԵйǵһϣȻϵķǳĬ
չɵķ컭ꪼԶƴ£һʱȻȵ˲ҽһԻǼֳ̣һߣذһǳս޵УչӦԪŵӡ
һʱ䣬˴쳣ңȴѷʤڽչɺ£Ԫһʱ侹Ȼκǲá
ңң˾Ȼʰֻڹ꣬ҪҶ֡
һԼʦܾս£ʦ̲סҲսţȻһѿɽ

һ죬ʦֵĿɽݺݵڽչɵķ컭ϣһĻǣչɱûڷ飬ЩղסеĴꪡ
ৣ
ᣬԪһһǹĿֱȡչɵؿڣҪһ
ʱչ˫ֻڷ飬ܻתԾȣۿҪһغʱһֻۺݺݵײǹϣʱǹײƫ
ۣ
ǹûҪ˽չɵȴԪݺݵش̽ҼͷѪŽ͵ԪԵйȥ
ৣ
չɴʱչֳ˺ηԸǿžʹһڴꪣԪŵӵĲȥ
ԪŵӲֵĻȻᱻչɵĴԴ
ԪŵӴ󺧣û뵽չɾȻ˺£Ͻеĳǹˡ
˳Կ̫ϣôĬҲˣڳʦּս֮󣬽չɺ̹ҲʣģڶԷԵʵǵ£ֵܼѾǳѵˡ
ȥǰ취꣬סǣߣҵҶ֮󣬼ǵұ𣡡
չƽأֱȼԪҪΪȡƬ֮䣬ߡ
û뵽ͬ⣬ȼԪ׼ƴʱҲȼԼԪ
ҵ̨˵ˣ˵ʲôϻ˵ұ㻹ǿôһ㣬ߣŲ˶õģ
һȣȫ˷أжͬھĴ򷨡
꣬ѾˣҲŲ˶೤ʱ䣬īƨ
չҲһԪҲȼˣսǣϵҲݵѹ
Ԫƴ¾ȻƵĽڽںˣȴʼҧˣûгߵĻᡣ
ΪֻǻȼԪ𣿽ɱǣһҲ߲ˣ
һŭԪͬʱѡȼԪոĲ˲ֱƽˡ
ս쳣ңȼԪˣչҲѾ쵽;ƿݵľء
Ȼǿһ㣬Ҳǻˣ˰ˡ
ɽȱǵսݲеĲˣʯɣ촷ۣѺݺύһ㡣
䣡
ʦһӸϼһâݺݵչȥ
չȻƴˣûʧȥǣһ⹥֪Ӳæܡ
䡪
еĹâڽչһʯϣֱӽʯ飬ɼһжǿ
սãȼԪҲ˵Ķֻ֣ǿӲţֻǳ顣
꣬ϽⱲʶֵܣֵˣߣĻҶôΪǱ𣿡
չɴʱѾ;ƿݵĽ׶ΣȫƾһӲţѪ˿ڣѾѪˡ
ϽģѪһǸģ
Ҳ֪˿̵鲻ˣֻܰװûκ塣Ҫһӳȥ
չ̫ˣӵߣΨԼˡ
˵꣬ԥһֿ񹥣ԼĶֱˣ˲ڿնɽȥ
ֻҪɽȣһ꣬ҵԼͲˣȻ˼ȴܡ
ϧӣҲӣԪŵĳʦֱһǽȥ׷һ
չһУеķ컭ֱӱжأͷһ˦һǳʦֵıȥ
ͬʱ˫ֻж߳ٴκ˴սһ
ҲҪΪȡƬʱ䣡
Ȼ
ûϣʧȥԼչɸͲֵĶ֡
ۣ
ǹԪŵӳֵ˵ĵŴ󿪵һ˲䣬ǹֱӴ࣬һӴ˸͸

չɷһ춯صĲҽУ˫ֵַɳ˵üļȥ
ͬʱչչֳԼ˫Ҫıʣ౻̴ʱҲˡ
˫ץסǹǿ׶ĵĴʹݺݵԼ߶

ͬʱչһȭǹԪŵӵźȥǰһˡ
Ԫŵû뵽չɾȻ˺£ŵøϽǹѸ㣬ն˽չһȭ
һȭչ˫ֻؿڵĳǹÿ鶯һ㶼۵Ťˡ
գչɾȻŽǹԼ壬Ѫ쭣ȾѪˡ
ǹվԭأ˫۵ɵùԲȻ
չֱ֮Ծɱվƣڵء
ֺηľԪŵòᣬǻδ˲ҪĶ֣һһĻûκһĶ֡
׷Բӵ¶Ҷпܲһеı
Ƭ֮ǺܿʶԣǹԪŵӴӽչûԼĴǹչɵʧȥ֧ţźȻء
˿׷ȥ֪ѾˣӲԶҪ콫ˡ
ӵ𣿡
Ԫǳʦޱȣ׷ᣬȼԪ£˫ٶȶ࣬һҪʱ׷Ҳô׵顣
λʦҲżںģһԪľǾѵĶʱˡ
˿ںҶ֪ΪĸˣҶôǿվ˶
Ҷܹսʤ˵֣˵ģؾ̨ϣһһ
ܿ죬Ҳ׷ǣʦֵиƶˣȫһè׽ӵ̬׷
֪ԼӹһٵĻû֪ͽչôģ̸ϱˡ
ԣǳʦ˵ôҲֻԼͷ񱼡
зȻǲǵģΪױ׷ϡ
չɣͬѾڻȪ·ϵˣ㻹ϽȥǲǺֵ𣿡
ʦһ׷һ߲ϵ̼ϣܹͣԼ
չ絶ʣͬʱҲ֪Լܷŭܱɱ˫ۣ¾޷ˡ
ҪˣӲ˵ģ
ԪӲϵ̼̬
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Ļ£һµϢͻȻԶӿ֣

ŭӰ֡
Ҷһ⣬Զɶɱⱬ




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Ҷһһ㣬ԪŵѪӿ鲻Խͣ˽Ų
䣬ҶѾ˵ǰ󣬻ɱһɱһ㡣
Ԫŵˣ
Ҷû뵽ؾôԪŵˡ
ΪХֻ֮ԪŴӳѾԪŵĲǴˣӦôͳֲŶԡ
ʱҶѾ˲ϿЩˣѾ˷ŭ˶׷ɱֹȻҪû˷֣ɱڴˡ
ȴֵ֮飬֮ͬ壬ƾԷԪŵˣҶҲȻǻ˵ء
⣡
Ҷ콵Ԫ˶ʱһǶҶǷǳɵģХֵս̵˽⵽Ҷʵսǳֲ²ܶԸ˵ġ
ⲽأʸڷ϶ܣΪǵ·Ԫŵıǣġ
һҶһˣ˵Ķʱһ˵Ҷģҳǿܵסô
ѾǿˣʵлǶҶźļɵģܹٺòˣ㲻ܣǼԼҲһҶϾǶԪڵǿߡ
Ԫʿֿ֮ɲҼҼڶô򵥣ҼҼڶģ֣ʥ̥ʿҲһƴ֮οҶԪڵΪѡ
ҶҶӣϽɱˡ
ԭΪԼҲҪչɺ󳾵ҶʱȦ죬ʧʹޡ
ƽʱ컬࣬Ϊ壬չΪȡʱ䣬Ԫ˻ɱʹ֡
ʲʲô
Ҷԣһɱ㣬ŭĿˣǶҪ
ҶҶ
һԪŵ˵ʲôյߣ㱻һƿϡ

֪չԪŵֺ֮Ҷɱ죬ٷϻֱӳ֣
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ৣ
ɫ䣬û뵽Ҷ˵ʹһǰ׶ûУҪǣǴҶһȭᵽϢ

˴֮£׷׳֣ԽԼǿսʩչһҲҴ⡣
ХŶҶУҶʵԲþ˭ǴľȥжʵǾʹشˡ
Ԫڵľ磬ɱԪ۷ţҶ֮ǰֻŵĴܹˣˣû
һ˲䣬ҶȭͷѾһߣŵð˲ȼԼԪս˲֮һȡͬһȭ˳ȥ
ڤȭȻԪŵĵһĵӣΪĵӣͬԪδ֧Ҳϰڤȭ似
Ԯ׷Ҷ֣ϣΧκԵķƵҶԾͬɱ֮
ҶԹԼȭֻһ֣Ҫ֮ɱ
䣡
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飡
ۡ
ԪŵӲҽһȭͷը飬漴ֱҲըˣ˾ɲ貵̻һ㣬ȻըѣѪ⵽ŽԪŵӱѪ⽦һ
ͬʱ˵ĹҲ䵽Ҷϣȴδκ˺
Ҷ̣֮ھԪԪ壬۷趼еͷʹοǡ
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һ̣Ǻˣ⣬ֵԾɱҶɱһˣڻʣˣ¸Ķˡ
죬һҲ߲ˣ
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ܷʵܹǸУ
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ҶֲٶѾĵʶǿҴ̼£Ծѡ˺ҶӲƴһǣͼܹ赲˲䡣
ǰˣֻҪУԼϣӡ
һ̣裬ΪֻгֵܹҶ˭ҲУҳһͻʥ̥ġ
ֻҪͻʥ̥ҶȻĶ֡
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Ҷģ㲻Ҫ̫
Ԫŵƺ֪Ӳˣ׷ȼԪ׼ƴˡ


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ߺϻԴ׻ȭϬɱУƵҵķʱҶۿ׶һʱǿ
ʱײ۷ѣոհֻԪżѣȴܹһƵҵķ
Դӽ֮ҶһֱʹðȭɷȭˣΪ۹ɷȭ׻ȭ޷ͰȭᲢۡ
˿̣ɱȻҶɱУ˫ȭߣݺݵ˴ȥ
ৣ
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飬ҶȭƲֱӺϡ
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1101 龪һ
ʵǳأԪ͸֧ú¾綼Щȶˣ粻ʱƣпܻԭеľ硣
һ㣬ҶҵѸΪһԪȻ֮Ϊˡ
֮ָˣ֮⣬޸
Ҷ봿ֻ֮һůٵȫ֮УѸٵ޸ܴľ磬
ţ
֣治ѡ
ʦ֣̬ҪģƺָܻܿҶ״οſġ
ʱƾȻԪҪһʱľ޲ȫԭѾûдˡ
˵Ǽһ
ûҶʱֵĻ³ԲȽչɸá
ҶǿƽԪ˻֮ҲΪԼ϶Ҫһˣû뵽ҶҽȻ˸˿̵ƾҾȻûеһ硣
ҶӣϽ
ѱϣ뵽˽չɣƴ赲ԪƬ̵Ļ˭ҲӲ
ûˣ½չѾˣȥѰҽչɵʬ壬ҲԼͬʦֵʬҰ
ҶȻûӳķСɽзȥܿ㿴˵ڵϵĽչɵʬ壬ѾӲˡ
Ͻ𡭡ҶԲ㡭
һȦ׺ˣ˫ϥһڽչɵʬԱߣʹʧ
֮ǰͽչɵĹϵãȴĵˣչΪ˸ĻսģͬǷ˽չһ
ҶҲΪԼǵˣԲκθģﻹһ֮ˡ
չǳͯ糿֮⣬ǰʮĵһʾõˣԴʾ֮˵Ĺϵһֱܺá
˿̣չȫ˺ܲ¼ûһõطˣһɸһ㣬ѾѪ͸ˣɢŲҵѪζ
Ҷ˽չɵʬ巭ʱ򣬺Ȼֽչ˫Բ·Ŀһ㡣
Ҷдûᣬǽȭͷ߬ģɱ
ϽԲ㣬㰲ϢɣɱѾҶɱˣѾΪ㱨ˣ
һ߿һὫչԲ˫ۻϣһŭ𣺡ԪţƲ
Ƭ̹ҶȶһЩһͬչؾ֮С
ҪС硢ʦǻϣչɵʬҶЩǵ˵
ͯ糿̫һҲͬǻ˵Ķ֣úͽչͬ³Ⱥǻˡ
ҶԤУεԪؾΪһ֮أ֪ж˻ὫԱҪпܻ
һ̣ĿޱȵļᶨʹʧĻڻͬʱøӳˡ
Ԫؾʵ̫ˣҶ˽һʱ䣬ͷʵ̫ǿ֮⣬ȻһҲû

ͬʱ
ͯ糿̫һ˲ڶУͬʱѰҶͽչˡ
ȻҲԤеˣεԪؾĿȻһȷѪ꣬ҪҶ˻ϲܸõؾȥ
涼̸ܱ֤ѰһԵõأ
ԪؾеʯڵĵطΧȻûһɫΨԶһطе⡣
ʦ֣ȥ￴ͯ糿ȵǰĵط
ã
̫һͷӦȻͯ糿һͬǰ
⣡
˸ոյִƬɫɽʱ򣬺ȻӦһϢһӰͷһ
Ϊ׵˲Ǳˣŵĵһ
ڰǿⱻͯ糿սܣ˫˵Ųɻìܣʵսͯ糿֮ϣ̫һ֮ϡ
˿̣ͯ糿̫һȻԩ·խĺˡ
ܲһ
һ֣˿º˵ء
Ϊ󻹸һȺСŻ߼ĵӣЩ˶ǸԼŵĵһţʵȻܺͯ糿ӴеĺĵȣҲԲ׶Ը
ţ
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˸Ȼڰǿһʱͯ糿ȴ˿ҲӰĺЩССŵĵǶܷ
һ˲䣬̫һͯ糿˱СĽ䱸һս֮Ȼ
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ţ
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Ҳûʲô£ֻǴһм棬ϣ
ɷǳ֪ĻΪ̫һʲôأ̫һͯ糿ȴô롣
Ҳľ͸ȥĻȻǲòģҲųйı֣̫һӵл˵ĳϴ
ģ֮ǰıǾͲˣɹҶͳҵһŵսɻûأҶԳ˽⣬ڽؾ֮󣬱Ȼһȫĵطʥ̥ͻʥ̥
٩٩̸˵Ķʵͯ糿Ҳòϣÿһ仰˵˵ϣҺӡ
һʥ̥ɹĻȻҹҶĻ˿̾ؾѾܳʱˣ˵Ѿͻʥ̥Ҷնɱˡ
ˡֱԣһͻƣҶԲĶ֣ԣȰλһȫĵطĺãҪĴһˣҪᱦܹųȥˡ
ͯ糿̫һⷬȻЩȴûеġ
һͻƵʥ̥ɾʥ̥ǿߣҶѹ
ˣ˵Ҷλ˵ЩЩǳˣϣܹҵĿģҲϣҲŵĽݰ
˵꣬һȥ
龪һδ֣ȴҲǳҶչǵİΣ
ǿһʥ̥ɹһҪնɱıȻҶһҶһĻǶΣա
ʥ̥ͨʿ˵пһڳ˵¾Ͳʲôƿˣпĺܿʥ̥ɹ
ڵҶ˵İΣ˾ӿѰҼ˵ٶȣҲҪڳ֮ǰҵˡ
ʱ֮ͻʥ̥Ҳһƴ֮ˣ
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1102 Ϊ
ͯ糿˵ٶȺܿ죬֪䣬һϿȵڡ
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վϿڴͬʱᵽһ˵ҩζζȻܵȴʶкǿ
ҩ
һϲƾҩԶ϶ǰϿ֮ڱȻһ걦ҩ
νҩҩ䶼ϲܱ֮Ϊҩ̺ſֲؾʿ
Ȼû뵽⴦۵Ͽ֮ھȻһ걦ҩ
Ͼؾ֮УҪһҩϵıҩҲǳס
ϲ֮࣬˲ûóȻϿȣСǱȥ
ΪǺּһıҩԱ߱ȻǿػҪժֲס
ɲΣԾɾһϾһ걦ҩԪؾо͵ͬڶһؼʱܹġ
ϿȲ󣬵ȴܳ˳űҩζķһǱ¾ػҩޡ
ϿҰݴٴֱۣǳʵľǱ˺ܴѡ
˶ʵףߵúǺ˳˱ҩ
Ҷ֥
˿ҩҶ֥дϲ
Ҷ֥˱ҩеļƷֻʱܹƬҶһƬҶʱ򽫸
ϲ龪ϲ˲δϲͷԣҶ֥ѾǱҩеƷˣûǿػ
Ҫժ֣Ƚػҩ߻ɱпܡ
һԣ󲿷ǻɱΪ޶ǵģڴ̶˿Ҫɽ̸ף
֨֨
˻ûʲôð취ʱһɫӰӼŴҶ֥һССɽ֮мһݳֱֱȡ̫һ˫ۡ

̫һһȣʩչȭݺһȭѺɫӰȥͬʱһ˲ʩչԪγһ̵Ŀס
䣡
̫һȻҶϾźĵӵһˣʵȻСһֱ㽫ɫӰˡ
̫һҲһ޵ٶ̫ˣʵĻսʤ
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һñ˷걦ҩȻٲһս̫һҲδܱס걦ҩ
ķˣΨһϹӲ࣬Ҷ֥ĿЧһõսʤ͸ˡ

ֻ֪ѶԸ̫һѡȼԪԼĹͯ糿һ﷢˿񹥡
һս˷˾ţ֮òײŽش׼ɱʱͻȻоڿ߽ӽ
飡
һ̣˽ǰһƽ˵Ļ˳ֽ޺ȡ˳
ৣ
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ʲô˼걦ҩȷֵģΪ𣿡ľٶͯ糿̲סŭ
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һ˿ŪѲнҩ߲ɣҪԵУ
в𣿡̫һǰһʵ
ҲҲⲻвڲһʵͬʱһѣɼκԲֻһ֮ôȡͿˡ
һҲŭԾһ˹ӣ·𲻻ᷢһֱȴ̫һһ
˲ѶԸѶԸľֲ²Ц滢˲ԣһֱȻУһС
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ƽʱҲԲͯ糿̫һ˵Ǹûʸͯ糿а壬˵вˡ
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ɽתˮתǻмĻġ
̫һ̣ΪԼͯ糿ҲԲ˵Ķ֡
οǸովһսԪĵĺ
úǰĵǶģһ걦ҩѣȣǿġ
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ͯ糿ʣе쳣Լ̫һսŽˣû뵽ȴΪѡ
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̫һͯ糿ˣزϢ
ৣ
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ؿӰڼٳϿٶ֮죬⡣
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1103 ͻ䣬躹
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ɽһƬ˶ˣҲû뵽Ҷؼʱ̳֡
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Ҷˣ̫һɵһ
Ȼʼնûг֣ȴѹͯ糿ʮջ𣬵ΪƱˣֻѡ̡
Ҷˡ
һнı䣡
Ҷ磡
ͯ糿ţڼɶҶ˫֣ͬʱҲһ
֪ҶƢǾԲװ߱ҩ
ৣ
뵽֮ǰ²ڵԼҩǸӣͯ糿ٴȥ
˿̵ڽп಻û뵽ҶȻûбɵȻֹؼʱ̸ˡ
ɫ粻ȻҶһսһ뵽Ҷ趼ѹƣ¾Ҳûá
ϻͷϰëȳ֣ҶԸҽɱڴˣ
ɸյֵıҩûȣȥ
Ȼ걦ҩʶûжãɱϾǱҩ
ˣһգ
ţһҧ¾ҶִҪرҩĻͽҩȥϾҩô󣬺΢ġ
ҶХֱֶӻɱ˵˿κ˷ǿӲ׵ĻɻḰХֵĺ󳾡
ҾҶ֣˵ЩСŵĵˣЩֻܺٻƣҶŭǾûӡ
˿̣Щ˾֣
֮ǰ޼ɵķвͯ糿ˣҪǾҶѾɱˣ㲻ҲԹ˲ϾԼ鷳
ڣǲˣҶĳ֮ǰһʧӰ٣鷳Ļɢˡ
ģôôΧʦֺͯʦк⣿Զ𣿡
δȵһŭȣٶȿ磬ͯ糿߷ɹ
ͬʱҶҲϿ֮Уٵؽͯ糿̫һߡ
⣡
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ǿ𣬵ԲùҶ߻ᰭӲǶ֣ȴпܲһ㡣
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ˣƳ׷仯
С磿ʲô£
Ҷ˼ܣһƣ֪ˣûŪ֮ǰóȻ֡
οҲΪſǣԪźҲˣҲΪ˵ʲôһţŵʵͬʱԼžԲ֮١
Ϊֻ
Ҷ磬ġ
ͯ糿ľһһʮԭԭҶһ飬˭м˵ʲôһֲ䡣
ৣ
һͯ糿˵Լвͷ̹ǣЩСŵĵǶʱɫ䣬ɫ
һ̣ǶڴܹǿһЩҲܺÿһЩ
ž
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ţ
һ鲻ԽҶ᲻һе
Ҫô黹ҩҪôսѡһ
ھʮ׵ʱҶͣ˽Ų䶢ӹɡ
󣬵ȴ˵Ķڴ˸һ㣬ЩߵСŻ߼ĵ
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Ҷǿƣŭ벻һеѡҶһսһ뵽Хֵ³ıһˡ
ս
ôս𣿣
δϣԲߵЩǸͰﲻʲôæЩ۸һ̫һ˻УһҶǼûκô
ƾҶʵɱǸһΪ֮һҲµЩСŻ߼壬ֱˡ
ҪǣһѡսǾҲûصˣűؽ˺ݣ
ʦƶġһڵļƻгͻ
ΪʵãվΪ˹ȫ֣Ҳս
ҲԣΪŵһĵӣҲԼĽݲԼͷ䡣
һ˿ѡ˹黹ҩǾ˵Ҷܲˣ
ɫϵıãٳûѡѡ˵ѣѡһġ
һ̣ᵽ˸ղͯ糿̫һʲôˣʡ裬ȴ޿κΡ
ջսʤ˳嶯һҧҩܺҶ˺Ϊ䲻
ãҶֹȻǰ˫Сˣҩڴˣԭ
ڵѪҲԪؾ֮оû걦ҩҲδػֵ
~
ѡ񽻳ҩսЩСŵһ
ѡսĻҲܵǣ
Ϊ֪ҶĶ֣
ؾ֮У˵ܹҶĻֻгԲ
޺ˣҲǵġ
Ҷһж̣һѡʹĽô治С
Ŷˣ㲻˵Ҳˡ
һȻӣʹʹؽ޺ҲҶû˿ԥ
ӣȻѡ̣Ȼװһ㣬ڵѪҲҪװЦҶ
ΪҶֻһͨͨɽҰ߳Сӣû뵽Ҷڵ̫̫࣬˼̬һ˫۾۽𾦣ùȥģ
ڽӹ޺˵һ̣Ҷɱ㣡
̶֣ɱڴˣгɳĻᡣ
뵽ĿǰĴѹס˳嶯
躹ޣ鴫
Ҷ޺ˣºͯ糿̫һվһؿ
ѵˣ
ҶĻκˣ




1104 ɫ
ޱȣδϣֻɫӵؿҶ
һֱ̣ǸҶ˵һûɽСӣ
~
Ҷͯ糿ߺЩСŵĵǷ׷һ
ǶԣѹڹȥˣҶûнǷϣ˵мڸһʶ
ȻָоܣͶȣԸ
һ̣ȫˣҶû֮ǰǺεȵŰ裡
˿̣ν
㣬㡢㡢㣬վ
ҶЩСšĵӼƽϣ̣ͱһӵҲطйһ£ܷŹǣ
ָ֣򼸸֮ǰ̫һͯ糿䳰ȷСŵӡ
⣡
ָЩԭСŵͷһһĶʱ
£ָͷѾ޿ܡҶڣѱ
һͬʱǿĵĲ߳Ⱥ
ÿԼʮ£ҪӡӣҪ죡ȻҲѡܾ
ӥһĿ⼸˵ɨɨȥֱԼ죬Ϊͯ糿̫һ
ҪЩСŵĵף˵ÿһ仰Ҫ۵ģΨۺǳԣ
֮⣬ɵĵӣЩСŵĵӿ䳰ȷģ

Լ죬ǻÿһŶԼϣǾԲԸ˵ǰġ
ˣôԺԼôǰ̧ͷ
ҲԸ
˵˭ԸͿ֮ϾһСվ
ܺã
Цһ˵ֱһ˵ĵϵһΪɲǼһˣⱲҲûгΪʿĿˡ
У
˺ֶΣʣµļ˶ʱһ֡
վȥΪ֮£Ӧʱ䶼ûУֱӾͱϵΪɼʵԶԶ̨ϱֵ
һУЩʣµСŵĵҲû˽׷Լ
ž
ž
ž

ϣɫ࣬ǿҶĿӲ
˿̣ԸΪЩСŵĵӳͷ෴ǳͷĻһĵľѻᡣ
ǰǣǸʵʱ
ûʵʱֻܼнͣסֽţҪܵǣ
̫һамҶ֪ҶʱϵĻҩֲͯ糿Ҫޱѡ뿪
ΪҶĳ֣ȫתˣеü
̫һԣͯ糿Ӹж
ܵΪҶ֮ǿƣҪΪ˸
ûпˣҶȷֵи
ͯ糿˫΢΢죬ţϲ֪һ糺졣
ʮƺܿͳˣǼ׵˲˲һΪǿ󣬿ԼԼҲԲܡ
ϵʹΣеȴǺȻģɾô裬Ҳóܣ˭֮ǰǱӦ
ಣಣಣ
Ҷͣͯ糿ԶһƵɽȥ
Ԫؾʱޣֻʮ죬ݲ˷ʱ䡣
ɽ弫ȻԶȴǰһҪǣɽƺؾΨһһߵɽ塣
طҲɽҲʯˮûһɽǰɽ޴󣬿νɽ֮൱ڵϵ̩֮ɽ
Ҷ²⣬ؾлطҲ벻ĻԵбȻɽϡ
ҲбȻɽ֮УҲɽȥҶ˵Զ
ղŵ飬ЩСŵĵҲΣֻĬĬĸţһ仰ҲҶ˵
ţ
ոյɽûãҶͷһƬҩ֮࣬һЩѾˡ
ҩԽɱҩҲҪԵģܶҩ䣬֮졣
ʱѵĲժʱ̣Ǿ˲ժĻЩҩͻΪľܵԪɢڿС
ЩԽҩڸһһĶҩܾĵطܲһӪڿ龥ϡ
ҩĻ֮пܾ٣ͦٱʽΪҩͦȥʿһڳ
ԣҩҩѰΪˡ
ҩнĿܣֻֿܸСҩҩҪѡ
ҩ֮ҩӵ׹ǵЧҩû˵õ
˴ܹѰһЩ֮⣬˸ûϣܹõҩ
ҩ飬ҩͨ飬ӵлεǿ󣬳˴ܹշ֮⣬ûʲô׵շһҩ
Ƭҩҩ䲻ѣмҲһЩģҶҪˡ
ΪЩҩ̺Ԫ΢΢
ȴãСҲ⣬ҪҲʣ£ָָŵˣ˵ûҲţǸںԻȥɣëʣ¡
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һɨ֮󣬼ҩһƬҶӶûʣ£һЩҩҰݶ޶ҶҡͷЦ
ҩ֮Ҷ˼ɽȥ
Ƭ̺Ҳ˸ղɨĵطűݲеĲӵһƬݵأſвҩζɫһӱѿ
ȻһƬҶӶûʣ¡
һĵСŵӹȥѰһ£һĻˣҶ˵ıӰСֹһ¡
ʦ֣ȥɲаǸǵ󣬿ȲϣǰʲôҲô죿
һСŵĵʼƣֻһСţڴ˵ҩںС˵һҩҲǼġ
ô죿ô֪ô죿
һ䣬Ҳ޼ƿʩ
׷ǣǰȥǺǾʲôҲˡ
׷ϲҶˣûκϣܹõ
Ҷ˵ٶȲ죬ߵĹУҲǷʲôҩҩ֮ģҲһˡ
󲿷ʱһģϾǼٵģ˾ͲˣҲͲΪˡ
£бĵطͱȻǿ޿ţҶǿĹǰЩͳͳɱ
Щ̺Ѫ޺ˣȫҶС
ÿһǷֵĻҶǷֵģһĶҶ˵õˣ׷ֻܸɿȴһ취ҲûС
ɫ
ֱʱǲԼֵĶ˽ȵǽغĸܣ
˿̣ǵںͯ糿̫һ˽ɫеޱȵı
ƵļѪˣôҲû뵽гһԼҲᱻ˽غȴһ취ҲûУֻĿһҶ˵С
СӣȥǰǰкڰɽϢ
ƵͬʱͻȻڣ쳣еشߴҶǰС




1105 ڰɽ
磬мɲģǼ۱
ڰɽ֮һԣ
»׽Ͻȵȡ
Щ϶۶ҪĶĶʷϣÿһ۶ܹҵ⼸ɽ۱ġ
ǵ۱̫󣬳ЩƷĲ֮⣬޷ܴ۵ѹ˵۱ˡ
ڰɽǼ۱زٵһֲϣκһֵ۱Ҫڼ۱ʱһЩڰɽԱ֤ڼеȶԡ
⣬ϵĽ£Ҷ֪һҪϢڰɽ޸ڵ֮һ
£Ҷû˿ԥҲѰˣֱӴͯ糿̫һǰ
ȻҶδǾʲôͯ糿ȴҶǳΣҲûʣֱӸǰ
ʲô״
ôˣ
ѵǲҪҩˣ
Ҫ˲źأñǣ
Ҷ˿ǰǰﶼˣЩСŵǷǳȣ֪ʲô£ʱ
ԣǿ϶ǷʲôöԲܰҩǣ
һ˲䣬̾ͻعζµҶȻǷʲô˲õıԲŶģмһ˵ġ
ߣǹȥʲôЩҩˣ
˵ţһǰ׷ȥղǺҶ˵ľ벢Զ׷ȫü
Ҷ˾ĵطвٵıǾȻһ¡
һ̣ЩСŵĵԥˣЩҶ˵΢ɶ˵Ǽѵõˡ
ЩǵСŵĵѾԾͣ׼һЩû޿صıȡ
ҶֵıǸûκϣԣ̵ʵʵڡ
Щ˾Ǵˣ˱Ͼ˻ѡ˸ȥ
ϵָ£Ҷ˺ܿ˰ɽһƬݺڸǵĵطһɽܶĥ÷ˣȻɽסĳǿޡ
˿˿ƺڰɽϢɽɢݳӰŸֲɼڰɽȻɽ֮С
ͬʱЩڰɽϢ֮⣬һɼǿϢɽдΧţЩ졣
ڰɽ𣿡
Ҳʶ֮ˣһܵڰɽϢϱϳ۶ҪĶɲģʱ˫۷Ź⡣
ڰɽɲģ˵Щʥػߵ߳ǿ߶ɲʵ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲЩɻ󣬺ڰɽϢȻܾбʶԣ΢Զһͺѱ֪Ҷô֪кڰɽɲĵأ
벻ףҶһͯ糿̫һͬɻ󲻽⡣
ѵҶʲôѰ⼼ܲɣ
˭ҲûиӦڰɽϢʱô͸ôԶӦˣ
˵ǸӦ˲õĶȴ֪кڰɽ
Ҫ֪ʥ߳ʥӺ͵߳Ĵ˶õһЩڰɽΪԼ֤ɵۺ۱á
ͯ糿ٲȥʲôҶҵʲô˵Ƿǳõġ
ҶԽǿ󣬶ɶǺ£ǲŲɵĺҶҲûʱ
ǶûкҶʱЩСŵĵǾ͸˵ˣǾֵͣġ
վɽڲԶҶԥӦõɽеǿԼðսɽѰҺڰɽء
໺𡭡
Ҷԥʱһ޺ɽдɽ壬˶ըһ㡣
ţһͷģĹ޴ɽҡͷԵ˳
ͷҶвҶв֣ڳô˾Ȼûһʶһʲôޡ
׳ӣԴһ˫ͭ۾˸ɫĹâԣڴĺɫƬ·һ͵һ㣬ȥˡ
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ͷ޵ģҶͻȻڵһĶ
ЩˣΪ˷ֹԼĹĹҧ͸ŪȦȦһȦĶӣ⣬ٷŴһЩĻǸͷ޺
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໺𡭡
߳ɽ֮ͷٴһһʥ̥Ϣ˲ͷųʱѼСŵĵŵò㵱ȥ
ʥ̥ޣ
һͷʥ̥޿źڰɡ
ܵͷ޵ǿҶеļ£˵ЩСŵĵˣǷ׷ȥڰɽãȴԵ͵ò
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ڰֽ޸ڣڱصã
ϸع۲ǰޣҵԱ취ɱ
һϸ۲죬Ҷȴˣͷ޿˵û㣬һ֫׳צ֮ڣһ׶ס
ͷ޻һһɳĴ׳βͣβҲƬҪǳϣҶ¶ܲˡ
ѰʿǺͬʥ̥ǿ߶סβһ
û̫ԶڵȴʱȻҶĶ֣Ӧûģ׼ڶʳֻҪҶܹͷʥ̥סƬ̣ܽɽ֮ȡڰɽȻ֮زز
ţƾԼı£ֻҪߣҶҵǲܵģԼϢ¼Ϊš
ͷ޵ۼ֮кڰɽϢɼȻԼȥڰɽܳЧ
ҶȻɣͷԭӵģΪͺڰɽһʱ䳤ˣ֪ľͷĳֱ졣
ֱźõһģǿķ
Ҷӣɣ˳ͷעȻûɽȥѰɽҵ֮ߣԻġ
ҶҪҪðյʱͻȻ
ҲǸ취ҶʦܣҾ취Уٶ죬ֻҪƬʱ֣ܵһ־Ӷݣͷһǵģ㲻Ϊǵİȫġ
ûֻסƬ̣ǻġ
̫һͯ糿Ҳ˵Ҳ취С
ҶԥƬ̣ҲʧΪһְ취ֻҪԼĶ죬ӦòʲôΣա
ǿǧҪСģǲУǧҪǿסƬ̾ϣʵϲסĻ÷ͷǻлġ
Ҷͬ飬Ҳǧ򲻿ɴ⣬ΪԵıϾʥ̥ޡ
޺˲һһŭȻǿɱչѾˣϣΪԼκ˻
İɣзִ磡
˵ţ̫һ˱׼ˡ
ô죿
Աż̫һ˰Ҷ޵ĻҶԵõڰɽ
һڰɽ𽫳׺Եˡ
Ϊ
Ҷڰɽ𣬵




1106 ڶʳ
Ȼļûʱѡ뿪Ա߾䡣
뿴ҶǷĿԵõڰɽ
ɱ
̫һʵǿһ˹óһδʹùһɫĴӡһһ㣬ݺݵ޵Դȥ
ǰ޻źɫۼףһǷǿģûʲôãԴѡ
Ͼκһ˵ԴĵطܹͻƵĻܹסͷʥ̥һʱ䣬ΪҶжȡʱ䡣
Ķ֣ͯ糿Ҳ漴֣˳ƷΣչѧ޷ǿĹ
໺𡭡
ģ޹ȻɹļŭˣԭûнȺЩһСﾹȻϣŭˡ
һŭ˹ȥһ˫צǼѼذһ㣬һĹâ
򣡡
̫һͯ糿Ҳƴˣ˲ȼԼԪԼĹ
ΪǺʥ̥ޣ˽ĻǸԼСȥ
ޱϾޣɲ㽲ʲôðϣҪ˺ˣѪʳ
УΨãΪʵǿۺʵǱͯ糿ǿģԿͳԿ̫ϡ
Ȼ˵һһգʵ²ſԣͷ޾һֱƶıһ㣬ˣʹ򲻶£ĻԵЩˡ
ಣ
˳ɹͷһ˲䣬Ҷһһɽгȥ
֪ʱ̫ˣݲðԥʱȡڰɽ𣬿¾ͱҪȵԼٴͻ֮пˡ
ͷģѿ̲Ѱ࣬ں̫һ˴սͬʱ󲿷ֵעԼϳ
Ϊһֻʥ̥ޣͨ飬Ȼ֪ڰɽ֮һעͱ͵ȥ
ಣ
ҶԼϳȥ֪̾Ҷ뷨̹Ϸ˺˵ĲԳǿķӲһҲҪҶڶ֮⣬ڰɽԲʧ

ͷ޿ЩӷףٶȴףȻҶһЩȴԾҶ嵽ɽڵʱʱǰ׳βۻݺݵҶȥ
ţ
·ͻȻҶ볷˶ˣֻöʱ佫ȫԪȭϣ׵ļӳ£ȫһȭ
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һ죬Ҷȭͷʥ̥޵βײһ
ۡ
һɾ޴Ҷ˲䱻ɳȥԶûؾһѪ
һ¶Ժľʥ̥޹Ȼǿƺĳָı䡣
ʥ̥ҲܣҶһȭβϵƬһƬһƬѪģѾ˽͹ͷ
֮ҶٴһѪŽǹƥĹˣɫҰֽ
ôʱһܵôصˣ֮ǰûκһܹܴ
ʥ̥޹Ȼǿƺʥ̥֮޻඼һϵĽ
ֽʿĹǿ󣬶Ҳһʥ̥һˮ룬Ψʥ̥ĸ֡
⡭
˼飡
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ͯ糿ĿɿڴôҲû뵽ͷӷױ׾ʵȻٶֿ죬ָߣƭ
һķƱ̬Ӳ˵ǿһȻʲô¶ûУһƬƬûл
ϣڶʳҶҲܵشǸûκΰ취ܹͷ޵Ŀµõڰɽ
ƺ棬ɽ𶯵ġ
ڳţкڰɽɲĵ˭ģ
ôҲûã޵ķ˭Ҳõɽ
˿̣˶ԪؾĹ涨ֻʥ̥µʿܹ룬ؾе޵ʵȴʥ̥ġ
ͬ£ʿѺӲ˵һ磬Ǹ޽֡
һ߰𾪣һ߰ңҶûеõڰɽ
һ˿ֻ
ҶϳԱЩСŵĵӵǰ˱ҩ޺ˣͷǳܿҶԱȻˡ
Ҷ磬ô
Ҷӣû°ɣ
Ҷʦܡ
Ҷɣͯ糿˷׷׾ͬʱ
û£Ƕʱ޷ȡɽˣ˵ȫĵطҶҡҡͷ
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Ҷڰȫľϥ˹ˡ
Ʋ̫أѪѾ޹Լе˴룬ʣµԪһ֡
ϥڲݵϣ̫һΪҶתĴ֮޸˵ľ
촿֮˵ʥƷκεҩЧΪ֮
Ŵ֮޸Ҷۿɱٶȸԭš
ʱҶƾˣҶһЩʥ̥ܡ
ʥ̥֮Ԫƺ˸Եĸı䣬ֻԼûǸԸоЩģѡ
ҶôͻָˣƤһ
ҶһʲôĹ̥ô˵Ŀֲ
𾪲ͬͯ糿˶û룬ҶܹٵĻָ˵ȻǺ¡
Ҷʦܣͷ޵ʵ̫ǿˣʥ̥޳ǵ󣬶ƺڰɽ𣬶Ժڰɽ𿴻ķǳǼûκλȥ
Ҷԭ̫֮һһɫҶ˵ҼܹɽҲδܹһʱҵڰɽһ棬Ǳ֮֡
ʦ˵ûҾãҪõɽĻǱҪ׷ЩСŵӣҲ뵽У˶ƻϣ򼸺ûκοܡ
Ǳ߿һۣҶ
ûԼԣ˵ĻԶ׷Ƕõ
˵Լ뵽ʥ̥޵ĹУֱһŤͷװûӡ
Цһͷʥ̥ޣҲ˵ܲסƬ̣ܹڰɽҲġ
ңܸоͷ޶Ժڰɽ⣬һıҶ֣ޱȻᷢ񣬵ʱ޲𹥻ĻЩСŵӾ͵ùˡ
ֳֺãпǻ飬ǾԲɵġ
ҶƬ̣̫һ˵ĶеƾЩˣҪڶʳȫܵġ
Ҳ֪ڱͱһͲˣָæûκκοܡ
ҶǲϾڰɽ޸ڵѲ֮һûˡ
˼ȥҶҸصĵطأԪڡ
ʱпܳԪڣͻƲѡ
ֻҪͻԪڣͿѪƴͷˣ
Ͼͷֻʥ̥ڡ
ڰɽڱصã




1107 
Ҷ˻ڶʳʧܵͬʱԪؾһΪεɽ֮УŬʥ̥
Դӽؾ֮һҲûֱֹͣѰһܵɽʥ̥
ԣؾеıﶼνֻҪͻʥ̥ؾ֮У˿⣡
ʱȥѰң˵õıﶼģ˭Ҳֱɱˡ
һΪʵҪģΨǿʵܺ޼ɡ
ʥ̥һǳḶֱ́ʼʥ̥ŷ֣ԭʥ̥Ԫô򵥡
ԪֻҪʵﵽˣغףʥ̥ȴһܻḶ́ҪԪһʥ̥ɹ
Ԫ̸ף
ԳľžҲķ˺ܳʱ䣬һδεʧ֮ɹ
ĺܴһͨмȥᣬҪһܸõķӳǿĹ
գɹˣһͷͻ״ĵУԪȫʧһͷССͻݣɱʮ㡣
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Ҷģڵˣؾеıҵģ˭˭
ɹͻʥ̥ڣ緢ҪɱҶҪؾеб
£һΣԭʧԶʣգۼһСڵʧڿС

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󣬱뿪Ǹɽһǳصĵطֻһɽ滹ڸǵʵʵȥҵĻҲ
Ҷȡɽ֮Уһֱӽ˾ڵռ֮׼Ԫڡ
ȫʮѨÿһѨжһԪԣսͬʿǿ̫࣬Ҳһɻرܵ⣬ǾľٶȺҪԪࡣ
ÿһҶҪԪʿʮ
ҶãʵԼѼˡÿһεĽҪʯһ֣ŸͲܹӦ
ռ֮Ҷ㿪ʼԪĺڣ޺˴ʯ߰һѣһЩĵرҲóˡ
Ϊ˳أҶԼȫļҵˣһ·Ҳռ˲ٵ޺˺ĵر»治á
ҶȫԪڵʱͯ糿ҲתƵһȫԾͷǿʥ̥޵ĵ̣Բõбҡ
ͷƺܼɵ˵ȡԼĺڰɽʼղ뿪Լϳ̫ԶҲûйǡ
ͯ糿̫һ˶ڣµСҲƬеȴŽڰɽǣ̫˵ġ
˵ҶĻ᲻ͻԪڣ
˳ĬȴʱͻȻСŵĵһ⣬ʱ˵ĳ˼
ҾӦÿԣȻʱѡͻƾͿаգڶġ
ΪҶͻƣ۵зǳĲˬԪڵҶѾôǿˣһͻƵԪֻǿʲô̶ȣ
һ̣־ĸоΪԼѾǳˣû뵽һȻôţͲ˵ˣڼǰͱΪԪݵһţ츳֮ۺ졣
Ҷ֮ǰû˵һˣȴڶ̶һʱڿٵٶ˶Ӧ
֪Ҷͯ糿ɽмĵӵĻҶɱﵣǵʥѩصǿһǿһ
ЩעҪڵ·۵ģʵûдﵽܹԱ£ʥػߵǲ˵ǰֵġ
һԤʾѾ㹻ԱˣһһǿҪ֮£նɱ
еʥǿںţһҲȻӴķ׷ɱ½󣬿¾û֮ˡ
ҾãδܹͻƣϾͻһҪԪǳӴ󣬶ʱҲѾͻƵıԵѣ
ΪҶܹͻƣȻҲΪҶ޷ͻƣֻںʱѡ
ͯ糿̫һȻԸҶܹͻƵģֻͻֽ֮ôǾͲ֪ˡ
ߣܹͻƵԪôˣҪԵʥ̥ޣȻʥ̥ڣϾҲʥ̥һ󾳽磬ͷҲǲܵġ
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ͯ糿ҲҶҪսʤͷ޺ѣǻǶҶżġ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҷ漣Ĵߣϣκ漣пܣԪھδزնɱʥ̥ޡ
ȻҲֻǶҶǿģСŵĵȫͬ۵㡣
ԼóȻ뿪ǿޣСĻ뿪ˣ塣
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~
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ǺˣϢΪǿ󣿡
ͯ糿̫һڣ𶯡
ʱ
ǹǿϢѾ˸ܿͳ˵ǰԶ
˲Ǳˣʥ̥ɹʥ̥ĳ衣
ʱĳ裬ɢʥ̥ڵǿϢһУ£һ˼㡣
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ಣ
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Ҷڣ
踩ͯ糿ˣڣͬ겻ļļ¡


1108 ޷ƥ
֪
ͯ糿˷ֳͻʥ̥󣬾Ǿòᣬ˿ʻܵŨҵɱ⣬֪ҪʲôԼͬؿڣʾ֪Ҷ˿
Ҷ˵ڸչسԪڣδ֪Ǿĵص㡣
֪ҶıչڵأҲԲ߳衣
𣿡
ɱһϢǣ׼ֱҶͲҶ᲻ͯ糿ǵȫ
ʱһת΢ЦӭԳ˵֣ͱΪˣĲ֪Ҳ֪չصûг֮ǰκҲ޷ġ
⻰ʲô˼
Ȼ費ܲŷһֱûκϵĳͻΪˣûΪ
ġ
΢ЦţһĵĽȥԭԭ˵һ飬ô˺ڰɽʥ̥޿أҶ޵Ķ֣òѡչسԪڵȵȡ
㡭˵ʲôкڰɽ𣿣
һ˵кڰɽ𣬳Ҷ鶼ʱ֮Ժˣһϲȷϡ
ûǴ˵м۱زٵһɲģڰɽ𣡡
׷һ䣺ֵɲģ˸͵òΪģֲ᲻Ҫɣ
ⲻǷϻ
۶Ķɲм˲Ҫģ
ֻһ㣬мҲһǿ̫ˡ
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ǰһЦѣ뵽ԺԼһɺڰɽʱá
ಣ
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໺𡭡
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һ̵ٷŭȡ֮ǿ־;ǰʵ̫ǿˣм֮ûˣ

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ͬʱٴηȭͷ޵üϣֱӽһֻ۴ˡ
ٴγһͷ޵ʺϣ۵ĲȻֹͣ󿩿ܱˡ
ȻźļӲۼףΨʺ㣬ʺûۼ׸ǡ
ʵ͸һȥʱͷ޵ͻȻðһСһɫӰӣ׼ߵʱ򣬳һһȣֱӽɫСɢˡ
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ʥ̥Աһ˵ֻ꣬Ҫʥ̥ߣжĻᣬϧҲûˣֱóɢʥ̥
һĻߵЩСŵĵƤʵ̫ˣѾ޻㣬ȫ޻·
һ˲䣬˶Ϊ˼Σյ򲻿֮ΪУؽ÷ǳҡ
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ͬʱǿĿг˿־;η
ôʥ̥ɹﵽʥ̥Ԫݿνǰ޹ˣЩĴȣѷɫ
а̾Ϣ
ţһŵļƻɹűض𣬽ʱȻǿҲȻ䣬ֻǿϧɲġ
ڰɽͱɲĲͬɲһ֮Ҳܻ¯ˡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ轫ڰɽǱˣҲû˱ô
а취ڰɽаȻԭڣ۶ûˡ
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ʱûдۣ
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ž
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裬㡭
ͯ糿̫һͬʱһͬʱ֡

һһԪХһԪǽǰ
飡飡
죬ͯ糿̫һĹ׷ױԪǽֵΪС
ҾǣҪŭңٲĻҲǣȥնɱҶ飡
ɻͯ糿̫һĹ֮󣬳Ŀ絶һ㶢ˣɱȻ˵




1109 Խɱ
ಣ
£һӵߡ
ʱšղųһʵ̫ˣ춼û
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Ŀ֮£һЦ̧ҽţֱӲϡ
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ԶʯͷҶһռ䣬ɢǿϢ
سɹˣ
ɹͻԪڣ
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뿪ռ䣬Ҷڣųڵķȥвµʲô
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ײϾͲΪһǿߣΪ˽ڣͿҶ㽫ҶƳ
ԷŹκˣԲŹҶеҪҶѪϴˢܵ衣
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ҶĬԴ֮սûҪϻֻҪֻɱͿˣ˵档

ԳǿƣҶһˣͬԼǿʵչֳİ壬һȭͬ췣٣ɫȭâա
䣡
һ̣촫˵ٴεɶսƽ֡

飡
˲ͣٴγԷչɱ
һʱ䣬֮УӰ˸ϯķ˵սֳ״̬˭Ҳκβ˭ڹϾȻ൱֮֡
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֪ҶǿԽսǼҳ㷹ȴû뵽ҶͻһС磬սȻӲʥ̥ڵĳ裡
̫ǿˣѹͻƵԪ֮նɱʥ̥ޡĿ
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ЩԭΪҶͻԪҲ޷սʤɽ޵Сŵǣһޱȡ
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ΪҶıʵǿԴϲƶļƲźܴǱв
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ͯ糿Ŀѣۣ˫Ĺâû뵽ҶȻܹԪھܺʥ̥ĳսƽ֡
Ҷ䣬յģ
Ҷͳռƽ֣˷ܵˡ
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顭
쳹ʣһԺϰУһҲմˡ
ҶȻԪ·Ԫ޾һ㣬ټ֮ս˿ڳ衣
ó豩ŭͬʱҲ𾪲ѡ

ʱҶ׼ȷץסﲨͻȻı򷨣һȭһȭһȭϬɫȭâա

һУͬӳȭҶĿ͹ƣ׼ʱҶѾߡ

йҶҵʵʩɱ

Ҷһȣչó˴ĽɱԪϣ߶һȭͷ­




1110 ù£õƣ
ȳȭӣ
ҶǴȭ׵ȭâ˸֮ȭͷϣ֣ɢſֲҪռ䡣
顪
һ죬ҶһȭгԴ֮˲䱬µ˳Ľ֡
˵ɶǹؼʱн似ҶһҪ

߷ѵͻʥ̥ȴȻҶѹŴݱץ
еĳ裬Ƿһ㣬ͼҶ֣ҶĹͬˮһϮƵֻܱͷ
֮䣬Ҷ㷢ʮУʮ㣬ȫ˳ϣ顱֮ڶ
ò˵Ľ似ʵڱ̬ҶþȫȻԾɹķ޷ɸԵ˺
ߣҵķⲫ
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УҶͳļҲɱʼûֹͣ෴ԽսԽҡ

ŭҶĹ֮ԿڤȭڤȭһҲӲ
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ǿɱУҽɱǿƷӵ£ȴԾƲķ޷ʵԵ˺
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ΪԼʮѨ֮жԪԪ൱ͨʿİٱ֮࣬Ȼͻʥ̥ʥ޵ģ

ٴŭԭ̳ǿӲҶԪľȻڴݽҶɱ
ԽԽϣҶԪ޾һ㣬һԪݽߵļûС
ȥˣ
ļ٣άֳֽǿķ似ҲǷǳķʥģŸոͻƣ绹ûгȹһʥ̥Ļĳˡ
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ոʥ̥ɹȼʥսƴˡ
Ϊʱʥ̥Ƿǳģһȼʥпܻʥ̥ɲֲ˺
а취ҲԲѡȼʥսֻѾﻢ£Ƶòò˶ѡ
ߣΪֻȼԪ𣿡
ҶһߣͬʱҲȼԼԪսͬ
ҶչɱʼʧȥȻ˱Ͱľ档
ҶòӪľƣȻ
ȼʥ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ҶͬȼԪ£Ҷѹơ
һֱڱĳе쳣ıͷŭҲ֪Ѿչ˾ѧǿҶ̫̬ˣ
úǰӱʮ겻
ͷŭͬʱҲָ˼ǣ֪ڵľ绹ȹ̣޷ӳʥ̥ڵǿսȾ糹ȹһԽҶɱ
죬Ҿȹ֮ն㣡
֮󣬳ʹѹ׵ֶΣҶ籩Ĺһ䳡滰׼
նңûˣҲ뿪ҶӦ˫ضų裬˴㡣

ŭЦҳϣսҵԤϣȻԪڵľѹңɱΡ޷ƿҵķʲôɱң
ȷ޷ɱ㣿
ҶЦһϢٴαǣȼԪ£˱ǱѾӳˣӦòκһ
Ҷȴ˵ȼԪٴԼʵһ£ѾȫԽ˳ʵ
һ˲䣬Ҷ·һɱһ㣬˫˲˰ɫһͷŨܵĺڷҲѪɫһֳĽɫϽɫдаɫĻ档
ȼ
ҶõƣԪͬʱȼգγһǿħ




1111 ͬ
ô£Ҷôӣ
ħ𣿡
Ϣÿ£
Ҹо

Ҷȼ䣬·սȫסˣһѡ
ҶǿϢԶԾѹȵҪĳ嶯
ôҲ뵽ҶսʱսֱΥʶ
ţ
Ҷı仯óҲһ
ܸоҶøǿǿ󵽶γвˡҿ϶ԼĽֻܷ񿸵סҶĹ
һ̣ս⳹ʧˣʣµֻĲ
ӣ
ûκԥһʱߵľ
һʼҶ᲻սӣû뵽ղսӵľȻ
ϵе쳣߷ߣ
Ȼ
Ҳã߷ҲգЩȾԵ΢ˡ
һֱ趼ڵһλ
ȼҶеԼܵв£Ϊ˱Ȼѡߡ
οǿոͻʥ̥ʥ̥ɹ绹ȶľȶ֮ҶԲĶ֡
֮⣬Ѿõ˺ڰɽ𣬵ȳؾ֮Ϊһʥ̥ʱɱҶһֻһ򵥡
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸУ
ӵ𣿡
Ҷ˳ӵļ󣬱һչ׷ȥһȭĺĻȥҪʹͣ

ܵȭâʧɫִһȭ
֮ʣʵӵ˼¡
ҫ۵ȭâ֮ײȴδκҲû磬˵ȭâӴĵ㶸Ȼѿһ϶˹ȫ˽ȥ
ռѷ죬ȫǿһȻĴ˿ռѷ죡
һ֮󣬳Ҳ֪ԼӲˣѾʧȥߵĻᣬʱӵĻǽ˶ԷǼǵġ
ǿ񣬳ԴʱҶһֲּĸоȫԪʿеսơ
ĸоսҲĸоŵͯ糿˵ĸܸ
ͯ糿ҶȼԪ֮󣬻ֲʶҶ˵ĸо˿̵Ҷİǿ
ôҲû뵽Ҷֲɱﵣȴ֪ԽǿɱﵣʹԼ˺Խ󣬼ҶܹսʤҲؽۡ
̫һֱɵˣΪԼصľ͹ˣû뵽ҶȻصıԼҪ֮ǰսжûʩչ˵似
Ҷȼ似ҲϾԪ˫޵ʿΪ˭Ҳ֪ͬʱȼԪЧ
ҶȼԪҪǴ֮壬̺Ŵ֮
ԪǲݵĶ˴֮к֮űһȫµܴԽԪӡ
ѾҼҼڶôˣҼҼڶ

Ŵɣ˼ĿҶݵӰʱҶĿֲ֮
ֻ˵ҶǸѧϵĹ̥
ļУոսŵʱҶѣûԪ̶һ꣬ȻһԾΪԪڣڱ˵ǲġ
Ԫؾ֮֮İ壬Զͬʿܹġ
ҶʱĸܸԪڴ֮ǣ£ͬ۶μ
֮ǰδֹǰͬʱȼԪʱԪںһ
ȴûںϣΪԪǿˣԲŻ龰ɣ
βģҶԿ϶һ㡪ͬʱȼԪĹɱˣ

Ҷһȣ˰ȭɱǿȭ£Ԫ˲ȭͷѹۣγһתУݺݵȥ
ڤ죡
Σʱ̣ҲҾѧڤȭеĽƪмصľɱʩչ˳ʥӿɷ֮ˮԪأγһɫȭâһѱС
ȻҲ֪˿̲ƴĻҪˡ
䣡
һ죬ȭâҵײһ𣬿ռѷٴγ֣ȴûн籩ߣ·ľ˲Ϊĩըγ蹵ģ֩һ㡣
ײ󣬰ɫȭâȻըѣɢΣҶȭâȻƣȴδɢݺݵغ˳衣
赹ɶʮԶϽ˸δƵѪʥҡ

ѸסʥѪһЦҶģ˵ˣ޷ƵҵķҾ糹ȹ֮ȡ㹷
ಣ
£ͷҲصԶȥ
еҪһصĵطȹ˾磬Ϊʱȼʥʥֲ̥ȵĸоȥ˺޷ֲġ
˵Ӳˣ
Ҷͺһٴ׷ᳵ·ؽеһЩ뵽ȭ֮С
ȭ£˫мص֮ͬһǰ
һ̣Ҷڳ˰ȭȭµ⣬޵Уһ赲κζֶȭͷĶ
䣡
ܿ죬Ҷ׷ϳ裬ٴһȭڳϣϵĽֹâţƺʱѡ
޷ƵҵķôɱңǱȻڿЦ
ղŵӲӲѾףȻҶʱսٴԻĽַȼʥǰ£֧һʱûκ⣬ԿԻ뿪
𣿣
Ҷһߣٴǰһȭٴνɡ
գ
ʱ
Ҷһ߶ɽ
ݡ
һɵͻأĴգȻ֣׼ȷޱȵҶղȭгλã
꣡
촫Ҷͬȭͷɽ޷νӣ˳Ľַ
ۡ
һ̡
Ҷɵ䴩壬ӺĹᴩһȭͷĿ̵Ѫ




1112 
ҶͬʱȼԪȭͷɽʩչгͬһλɹ˳ĽַҶɵǶ˳壡
һĻȫÿһˣ
ʱһֹ̾ˣ
ˣ
˶ˣгŲţ
ǵģ
޷
ΪѾͻʥ̥ĽǵؼƷ似ƿֲ
һ£ʵȫЩͻʥ̥ھѾõʿ
ʥ̥ʿ빥ķһѵ顣
֮ǰˣͯ糿ˣΪҶܹڳбͺܲˡ
Ҷʼѹų򣬸óâѡǾΪˣ
񡭡
ֻԪڵҶ˳ķóѪ
ţ
ҶҶ
ͷˣͰ͵˵Ӳĳۿ
ԭҶܹѹƳѾ𾪲ˣȫûҶȻܹƳķ
ͯ糿̫һ˵ķӦһ𾪣ּ
ȶԣǷ𾪣й֮޲
ȻûкͳϹȴҲܹµʵжǿŲȱʥ̥ǿߣ֪ʥ̥ʿԪʿ֮Ŷô޴Ĳࡣ
Ϊ֪һУһʼΪҶʤ㣬˵Ǿ䣺ڲѣ˵Ļ
ʵȴԤϣҶ죬Ƶ˳Ǽ޷ƵĽַ˳һһνܱ˿ܣ
֮࣬ԺҶһ
Կ϶Ҷһ似깥һ֣Ӱӡ
ѵҶ˾˵Ϊ֮⣬깥طɣ
һͷ
ͬʱЩСźͼĵǣɳھԵ֮Уһľ
˶𾪲ѣο豾ˣ
ƣ౻飬ûȥʥ̥౻٣ֻҪʥ̥ûбȫݻ٣һʱỹˡ
٣ʥ̥ûȫĻпܶ
Ȼ̣ʥ̥뿪֮ⲻܳôģһʱ֮ҲĻվǻɢ״ʧ
㡭ôҵķģ
ԼؿȭͷѪѪţѵؽĿͶҶг˲š
ǲ⣡
һ̣޷ţԼȼʥǰ߶ŵؼƷ似ȻᱻҶƷʧȥս
˵죬㲻ܻ뿪
Ҷ裬ɫƽˮδƳе˷ܣ·һжӦġ
ΪΪʲôҲİ
ҶĻش𣬲óιȥ˻ţв³Ѫĭؿڵ˿Ѫ
ġ
費ģ
ոʥ̥ɹһͷͻʥ̥
еʥ̥Уͻʥ̥ǱȽϺõʥ̥ˡ
ЩΪʡ£ʥ̥ʱӿǣʲô򵥾ʲôʥ̥ʥ̥Ĺ㡣
ͻʥ̥۳ɳٶȻǹ
һУִ׹ĸо޷ҲԸܣ

һΣҶûлش
ֻޱؿ˳һۣԥغһȭ
Ҹƴˣ
֪Լ޷ˣɼҲҶù
ɲǼ䣬ִǿʵ
һıһϰͻӰĶҶ˹
ʥ̥
ǧһ֮ʣ߶ʥ̥֮ͬʱ߶޺˷һ
䣡
Ҷһȭ⣬Ψһͷ­
ͬʱͻӰҲҶϣҶɳȥʮԶͻӰˣ·ʱʧһ

һӴסˡ
ʥ̥ԴȪһΪŨ
ԭΪʥ̥Ҷ޷ֵ
ǣҶȻˣȴû⵽ش෴ֻ϶˼ӡĹûйҶķҶļû˵
ʥ̥Ȼ棬Ȼ𹥻Сˡ
ҶȻɳȥȴһҲûУͻʥ̥һ޷κ˺
˾壬Һнݹһһ壬һһεķǲڵǿԪ壬Ԫп죡
~
һĻ˵һһ̱ڵϡҶʵʵ̫ǿˣǿ˶еһǿС
Ķ˶Ըģ
֪ˣʥ̥û˵ҶѾȫû˻ᡣ
ಣ
ʱʥ̥һһâһԶԶݡ
٣ʥ̥δ𣬿Զ
ܲҵʵᣬҪһʧϣ

Ҷһȣըס
ݡ
䣬
ҶɵХƣһѳʵıȻгʥ̥
ʥ̥ȻըѣΪУ׻ɢ
ˣ
ϣЩСźͼĵӣҶһѣ󿴵˳ʥ̥ѵһĻٴɵˣһһ㣬վԭأһ
Ļ깥
дѾȫȷҶ깥طҶǿġ
ৣ
ûеˣҶһѸĵطץһռᳵ·ռµľӡ
ˣĿռΪսƷڰɽڣеıµˡ
Ҷݵ˳еıΪ׵ЩСŻСĵȴƨҷţֻսսؿš
ž
߳ĿռҶڵϡ
ֹͣȼյԪָֻ֮ԭӣͷѪɫͷҲĺɫ˫Ҳָ
ˣЩСźСĵӣ׷Ҵһ
ˡ
ҶչֳĿֲսÿһ˶ˡ
Ҷǵ鷳
ǿʱҶ˵ĻɱĻؾ֮гŵ֮⣬˿Ի
֮࣬Ҳ֪һսҶ׳ΪԪһһˣ
˿Ժĵλ




1113 ޸
Ҷնɱ裬ЩСĵӣҴһ
ͬʱͯ糿̫һȴǼѡ
Ҷ磬ϲΪԪһһˣ
ͯ糿һ߹Ҷʾϲ˷ܵЦݣгŰĽ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻսޱȼѣǻʤ
Ҷӣ̫ˣ
ҲˣøղŵǳսһãҲ𺳡
ҪϢһ𣿡
ϧ̫һҲʵҶĻ·Ҳö
ҶͷһԣûЩСŵĵǡ
ղһսȻʤĺܴҪԪ
ΪҪǣҪϰд߶պڰɽеָڡ
ϣָڰɣ
ҶһӣףȻһʯͷһʱϹͨƽʮ˷ܡ
û
˷ܣ
ǵ۱׷Ѫսһҵڰܾ춯أָܻ岻Զ
š
ӦȻ˵۱Ϣǰ£ĵĴ߶ڣպڰɽе
Ƭ̹Ͻڰɽ̺֮У޸
ϣôڳ޸𣿡
оһУҶѣȲѯʵ
ϲһѪ۵㵱۱ʲôͨɣôƨĺڰɽ񳹵޸۱

ҶܴڨڨʵǾ޸˶٣һаɣ
һ룿㻹룡㣬ֻ޸˴Űٷ֮һӡ
ʲʲôŰٷ֮һϣڶ𣿣
ҶţôҲû뵽۱ȻôأһɽȻ޸˰ٷ֮һ
Сӣ֪ɡ
ûѵ㻹һ죬һȫ޸˲ɣ˵ʵұ룬һСĺڰɽ
⣬ҲҪСٷ֮һĿǰڵ״̬ȫ߶ĻɱͨʿͬԷˮһ򵥡
Ȼˡ
ϻһת׽ĿҶ˵޷߶ģ߶Уǻ
ʲôʱҲܹԼ߶ڣľ
ҶϵĻȲʵ
̫ܹԴ߶ˣϣһ᲻ľڵ
úأСӲҪøԶ̤ʵصŬɡʵڴ߶ڣȻ㣬ȲҪôࡣ˵

ϵһҶΪԭΪԼʵѾˣ˵һٮٮˣû뵽Լ߶ڵҪ󻹺Զ
ҶȻˡ
һ֪Ȼ޸һ޸ɹض춯ء
ߣԼ߶ڵҪԽߣҲԽѹӶŬ
ΪҪǣô֮ã֮·ؼ
ȻҶóһЩ޺˺ʯѸٽڤ״ָ̬ĵԪ
Сšĵǣ׷׳Ҷָʱ䣬ĴѰ˻ջ
УһСŵĵһɽУһ÷ǳص壬ȻͨеļƷȻķǳˣ޷ʹãȴǳղصļֵ
һʦУߺпͨƵУܹһʵ
СʯѷʹûȣȴҲԼơСŵĵǸרһĳһżͻĳɾ͡
ЩҲǷǳܻӭģһõʦԻ˵𾴡
Ͼʿսͷ
ĽֹһһЩǿķֻͬʵ̫ˣڴУֻԪݿԳƵŵţڴǰһϡ
õƵͨƷСŵƵСţƵŵˮ׼нϴ
ҪǣƵļƷͨҲǲ޸ģʵĲϵĻҲп޸һЩġ
Ȼˣȫ޸
½޸һЩҲܷӳǿĹ
һС˵ƵͨƷκҩҩļֵߡ
ؾÿһοвͬʿܹؾлһЩԵĳǿ似ǵõһЩҩҩ˿ϵĳջ
ȶԣҶڹսеõĳָʵҲһֻԵǶľһ
ҩҩ֮ĲĻԵѣκʵʿԻڰ޵Ŀ»ȡ
Ȼ
ľĻԵȴǳԵõ޷õͲܽԵˡ
ھƵɽ岻ԶһСĵӴһʯϵõһʧѾõ似ʵͻͽ
Ȼھû˿ʵսȴʵĸı䣬ԭһء
Եÿ˵ƽȵģʧ֮֮ɣܣҶȻսͺڰɽ𣬵һЩҲջ
ΨһջҲûУ
֮ǰǻһЩҩЩҩҶõĺڰɽʵ̫΢ˡ
Ȼ˵ܹ£ôһ־޴ջ
ŵļƻձȻ˵ľ棬ǸʱڵõӴСźͼֵ֧ǰ£źͳҡԪŲ롣

ԼĪһʱҶָĵԪͯ糿˼ɽȥ
Ҷɽİɽ˺ڰɽɲģ뻹иõı
ͯ糿Ȼû顣
ڣԪؾУҲûκܹвǵˣؾУǷǳȫ
Ҷһ·ʵǣֱɽҲûгκǿޣûгɽɲģһ걦ҩҲûУֻõһЩҩ
Ҳ϶ɽϻбʶҶ󣬿ȴֻиɵ۵ķݣκһҩû޿أֻҪһ־ͻᱻҶ˽ȵǡ
ƵҪѪˣôҲû뵽ԼװһԪؾʲôҲû̵
֣ǾԲκջģջĻȰ㻹ȥطģǲһĸʵʩᱦġ
֮ǰͯ糿̫һֱҩ;飬δǣ˿ҵᣬ֮֮
ಣ
ԣɫһ䣬ȴûҶ˵ʲôһԵ뿪ˡ
ȻҲ֪ؾеıɽΪУпܻûзֵĴҶڣκջˡ
ëƤԸë£Ҫ˵




1114 ؾԭ
һϵˣִǿ
뿪Ȼɽ
֪ȻɽѰұôҪط¹С
Сӻͦʶģ鷳ҲڣԶȥıӰź˵
ӡһֱã˵ĸоô񣬶ϰС֮ĶȾܾ֮ǫıž޴ı
ҶһЦЩСǰûκáڵϾ̫£̫ˣڿ˻мĵõġ
뿪ߵɽ壬ڶСŵѡһǰȥ
Ԫؾܴһһ޾ĻҰͣ
Ƭռһĸоܾʲôʲôȴ֪
һƬ·Ҫѹͷһһּѹֵĸо
СŻҵĵһأǲ֪ʲôδ֪ΣգܸоһΣյĸо
ƬҰ·һĹսһ㣬һɱ֮ϵɢʯͷżЩҰǿĴʯͷ϶ʾǿ
ĿԶһ޼ʣ˲ɣͻĸо鲻ԽǰȥߵķǳΪҲ֪ʲôΣա
ܶսһЩаŵ鷢ȻûоȴҲš
ңǧ򲻿óȻ룬ҸоЩͷ
Ǻĵı׷ԼЩСŵĵӣܾƬƻĵطżĻԵֻԵһ˽ȵǣͽˡ
ЩСŵĵ뵽ĻΪΪǵİȫ룬̽̽ûΣأ׷׸жǧעⰲȫ
һߴӦһƬȥʮֵľ裬Щаš
ÿһؾһĿռ䣬ĻȻǲһģҲûκһռܹԪؾһ졣
Ϊ֮һţЩҲкܶԪؾÿһؾĵӶὫؾ֪̽һţȻڳ֮Ż㱨ؾеΣԷһؾıڵӡ
Ȼ
ôԪؾŵмʮÿһӳ֮һ
֮ǰҲϸоŽԪؾǵıͱʼǣΪؾѾ˽ˡ
ֱؾ֮ŷ֣ؾ֮ǰκ˵ļضͬ˵ûκһƵĵط
ˡˣԪؾһбؾĵط
һǳصؾÿһοؾеĻᷢĸı䣬֮ǰûκһƵġ
أѾ뵽Ƭ֮صĸ֮УΧĹʯżԿɢĿݹǡ
࣡
ʱһ죬ʱһ鲻Խķȥ
ƬУ޶ûУһ˿綼ûУôأ
ķȥʱ򣬺ȻһڵϹ
η
ӵ깥ʶĸ֪ǳǿиӦϢʱһȣ׳ŵ˹ȥ
ʱȫ䱸»ʲôΣշ깥ʱ׼
ú֪˷һͣԭһްϢ
װŪ
ҶǶԱͱһӵа𣬴ʱһþȻҲϷˣԼʱŭɶ
飡
һɣֱӳ֣һָһâǿȥͼõˣ澿ʲô
ҲҾ̫ˣһͻˡ
֮ǰڰ˽ĵıУһʱͯ糿һֱΪܴ裬ͬĴԲٷڶΡ
ﬣ
Ȼ
ǣܹʯһָǿһͻ촷۵ͷϾȻ˽ͷȻһ鶼ûС
йŹ֣
ʱеëըˣԲκһöֵܵһָſͨƽþȻˡ
ƬĻưܲѿＴһսҲʷԶˣʲô˵ܹʱʴɼӲ˹
ʲôٲݹҲˣ
һҧ깥˫ۼ깥ֱϡ
Ȼˣǰû꣬ȻûãţͷбȻ򲻿Ĺ
ңֱбȻڣֻǲ֪ʲôʲôʶĹʱ򶼱Ȼ¶һЩ
֨֨
Ȼ깥䵽ͷϵʱͷȻһĽ
漴һ֮ǰΪ깥
ৣ
󺧣ɫ䣬æʶγһСܣֵⲨʶĹôҲû뵽оȻǿȻʶϺԼ¡
䣡
ʶ𣬶оܵ˼裬Ҷʵϳ̫࣬вҲûãСС֮еﾹȻҲԼ˷ŭ

һΣóԼĶߣ
֧ѰıϣһĴʦרΪʥ̥Ʒˡ
򣡡
һȣһӴȥͬʱԼʶһֲĸ߶ȣʶݺݵͷȥ
֨֨
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ͷٶȻ죬ôҲеٶȣܿͱ׷ˡ

һߵãݺݵնͷϡ

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ȻҲܣ֨֨Ըٶߡ
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꣡
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æУߵǰǺɫӰӺݺݵײϣ㽫Ļˡ
ʲô
д󺧡




1115 ŹֵϿ

󺧹ðɣôҲû뵽ȻһС˸ͷһȣ߲Ҫȥ
ʱҲڿϮԼľʲôǾȻһֻаƴһֻ
صǣֻȻɫһһ㣬СС۾˸ļµĹâ
СС󣬾Ȼ˲񣬿ôɱ㣡
չߵĳ߷һֻɫĺӴȥͬʱСĵĽ䱸һķ
ףǹһʶŵʿֻСʶ֮ˡ
֨֨
Ҳ֪ʶǰЧ̫ҲЧ
£ֻɫСֻӡ
ƺǣ֪ԼŵȱߵĹУԲڵСƺ˶èè
˴ӣνǷǳѵģʱΡνСٶֿ죬һʱκβ
׷һֻСͻȻʧˡ
ţ
һ㶣СǰѰûԶͿǰһϿȣԣֻСϿȵȥˡ
վϿϷıԵԥ˺ܾãȥȴ´˹УһֻôѶԸˣĴ˺ӶУ糱ˮһĺӣᱻԵֻʣһ׹ˡ
Ҳԣʶôǿ󣬼ĳֱҲԲܱ
ĳʶĹʶıҩĵȵȣĻͱҪһ
뵽Լ״̬۷壬ȻȥϿﵽʲôŹ֣ûջ˻
һյʱ֣Ѿȫ״̬۷壬ȴûȥ˸ǣٵ˳ȥ
Ĵ㣬û߹似һȥǲǵģϾҲ֪澿ʲôδ֪Σա
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ͺڿͻȻʧȥ˳һ㣬׹ȥ

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ѧȻԪĻ̶޷ȣϾҲʤޣͻʱֵܹһ¡

ЩСŵӽϿȵͬʱҶͯ糿ɽѰ޹Ҳ뿪ɽѡһ̽
֪ɺϣ⣬ѡķϿڵķ




1116 ʶ
ƬϿȲ󣬵ȴǳҲǳֱͣ£±ֲ֮ǲûץ֡
Сĵؽ䱸ţֻ֪ƬϿкпǹϳ
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ţ
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ҶЩȻƯûзʢôĻȻûκκ۷֮棬ûлζ𣿡
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ţ
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ﲢĴ磬һؾؾвӦóַĹŶԡ
ҲⲢһĹڷĹʯѶѡ
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ʯ֮䣬˾ʶȡȫԿֻɶĴ
䣡
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ʱǶɻ󡪡ֻȻʶػߣػʶ治ᱻȡߡ
һһЩطǽͲͨģȻֻͬҪʶ棬ΪʲôûнʶΪУ




1117 Ҷϵ

ɻͬʱҲŭˣʶ˵ǳҪѼӷˡ
ҲǷǳǿģͨʿ˵ԪҪģֻҪԪǿǿ񲢲Ҫ
ȴΪ˵Ԫ޼ʱǿȾԵ÷ǳҪˣԳΪʤƽѹյһݡ
˼£ǳעĶ
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⣬УҲδܹҶԼǣǲһܹܵʹࡣ
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Ȼһ㣬ǰֻͬԣмצã÷ǳࡣ
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СһСĻҺɫУʯͷ˷һֵĹ

ܿһСŵĵӴ֮±һֱ˷ֱӴۿԴУҽһڷ
һ½һ˭Ҳûϵᷢ飬һĹ򣬲мڷ
˼ƴĺЩսÿ˶Լѹ׵ľʩչ˳ϧûԪ֧ţɱʵޡ
ΪΣգΪҪԸֻڶеߵĺɫ󣬻ҪʱЩС
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һԼ߶ЩĶ֣ʣµЩǷ׷ȥڶʱ˵Ӱ٣ֻһʬ塣

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ʮ˷ܣٶĸֵõģʶ棬ʶϣȻܹٳɳԳԽǿߣ
նɱֻ֮޺˶ûüȡֱʶȡʶ档
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Ϊʶһȡȡ˵ʶںһҲ޷ֱ˴ˣ޷ٴαߡ

ʱͻȻһƿ
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ۡ
˰ŬһʶԶɻʯ֮ϣһѪ
ʲôط
źӰһܿȥȻ˸ߵЩСŵĵǡ

ͬʱЩСŵĵҲһĿɿڴ֪ôźˡ
Ϊ˲ǱˣҶ
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ͬʱͯ糿ҲһǰһĴӿеһЩѧˣϽɢԼǵ档
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Ҷٴڿն𣬽ҲԹôҲˣҲ𣿡
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Ѽ飬ͯ糿ԼһƬģҶ޷Եĸо
̫һ΢΢һЦʲôҲû˵еľѾ˵һУȻҶˣԼֵܷܡ
һ֣ҶӣҲԹǣˣֵϵĻ±˵ֵܲ壬Ƕø
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Ҷůвٽ̫һͨͬţǵֵܡ
ϣⲻֵôˣôǱ
ŰӣŰүһҡεҶҵİߣЦʵ

ԣòһѪ
֮ǰЩСŵĵӣѾţ֮ɱ˹Ȼǿ걻֮ʹȡʶ棬ۿҪɹˣҶҷڵأǰ
һ£ֻص٩֪Ӱж󣿣
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ͬʱҶĲʶϢһ۾Ϳʯȼյʶ棬һϲ
ʶ棬
ǵ˵ġ




1118 ȡʶ
ʶҵģȷֵģ
ۿҶʶܸȤʱˣʶ̫Ҫˡ
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֮֮˵֮ǰ˵Ļһӽ˵˸Ѳһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
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ҶһЦֹ˵ȥת˵֣˵۸㣬ȡȡҾᣬʧˣȡҲ˵ʲôɣ
˵꣬Ҷһ֣˸ƣʾȡ
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ʶвһԶʱ֧ŲסˣʶľҲ޷ʶ棬һѪĵ˵ϡ
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ʱһȥˣԪؾرյԽԽˣ̫һͯ糿ѵǵûм٣š
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ܶӣڣãԪʵֻҪʵﵽˣȻȥ
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һ֮˽⵽ǿľ޴ôҶем
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Ԫؾļ̨ߵǸɽķ嶥ֻҪϼ̨֮ͿԱͳؾ

ͬʱ˺еСŵҲ̨ϹûҶǵٶȿ졣
ǸϵʱҶѾ˼̨ʼˣֻһԵš
ߣҶģϷſʼ
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1120 һ
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εԪŴһֻǵ㣬漰ĸ࣬ѡָǿѣڱϲûʲôı䡣
ʵΪһЩһͨɹĽݾκһŶͨıչԼӶʥءԺѡУ̤ϵ·
ȻˣҲӲпᣬΪܹĶҶѡһоѡѡٮٮߡ
˵ÿһܹμĶڱ֮ڳ͵ţ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵
˿̣ҶٴױؿĻг˶־
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½㣬ػͱҪбֳɫӶżӪԺ
ãҲҪʥѡУ
ΨܻѵԴԼʵΪ·еһԱӶʵԼķܶĿ꣡
־ͬʱҶҲЩġ
֮ʾˣܼ򵥣ÿ˶Ӧһѹ׵ľѧһȫñ֪ˣ˾ܸص趨Լǿķնɱ
αΪ˻ɱ裬¶ˣȵʱٶԸʱ϶Եģû׼
ͯ糿̫һ˶ǳ˷ܣܹڱԪݲμһ٣ٿƴȡġ
ıַǳ֣ûκοĵıʾҲҶôԶܾЩԣȴ˵
ܹѡʮǿԪݲμԵ÷ǳġ
˵⽫ϵ٣֮ǰҲҲμӹֻϧʮǿûͱˢ
ţһϣעͽһʣвݶ۾
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Ҷʮ㣡
Ҷӣҷһ£ôܾôԪݲμʲôأ̫໹ô£
СҶʵڶҶرΪҶܹ͸ı࣬ʲô׵òġ
ҶһЦͬС˵ƣڵĵѾȫ¶ˣһ֮бĵƵĻ϶߲Զ
ңǲʼմ֮Уȥģȫ֪ˣһΣļжأ
˻
һҶķʼվòԣ벻ﲻԵĵط
ûһԼĵƱˣԷһֱȻԵ׼ʱ¾׶༪١
۷׷׵ʱױؿ˫ѹʾҲҪ˵ˣҪ
һ˲䣬㳡ϱ߾˵Ŀⶼȥֻ֪ʲô˵Ϣ
һĻױؿ΢΢һЦŴǽ޵۹ʹǰΪҰ䷢ǸһҲǹھؽƷ
ؽƷ
ĸ֣һ½˵˶ڲ²ţصĽƷʲô
ؽƷʲô
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1123 ؽƷ
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Ц춼ϲ£ˣȡĳɼΪӳϵкǳ졣
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ΪɵĳɼҶһ֧ġûҶסǿĳХֵĻжɱʮǿĺ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦƽִ̨̫ˣû˿ӳļ
ҶĲ򵥣
ƽ̨˶ҶĿǼ̫ʿȻʵִʱٻЩź˷ܡ
ǴҶϿ˿ź˷ܵĸоǳݣһѵá
ҶϲñԪŴĹھΪԪݵһţ
Ҷƽ̨վ߹Ҷʾףأ漴ԭķżϡԪݵһţ
ϣˣСҵǽҶѡ
ҶԲǫıв졪ҶΨһһǰԾܹƽġ
ܺ桪Ҷʲôһ㣿
ΪһǿߣĺǳãȻܺ棬ûѯҶľǵ˵Ҳûޣ㵱ҵĳޡ
һΣҶֻ΢Цû˵ʲô
Ҷһεı׼ƷһһͨƷһڶеһ꽣ѡһ״ٿףֱ⡣
ͨģȻͨ
ҶѾôǿˣһӵͨĻնɱʥ̥ʿ׾٣
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Ҷ˫峺䣬ֿ͸ĸо
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Ҷ˫ۣٴοʳָָʼ⣬ȼһ
Ҷ񣬻۾ĵؽܴС
Լģִֻ±֪꽣ݶѡ
ҶȻôʹﵽԼҪ󣬲ԼǰһҲģԽԽҶ򵥣Щˡ
У
һ˫ָâʢʳָָ˲ҶĶͷϢָͨҶʶ֮ڡ
·ֻһ˲䣬·˺ܾãҶ۾ʱԺѾˡ꽣ݡ
Ҷɿ鿴һ꽣֡꽣辶ͨźܴĲͬȻͬõȴ̫ࡣ
ϣЦеĿҶԽԽϲȻ֪ҶΪʲôҪ꽣ȴ֪ȻҶҪȻǶһо
һĻ̨ڶѡĽˣ꽣Ȼд˵ǼߣҪҲûʲôãҶ˴УȻĽʺޡ

ۺöѪˣ
ôõеҶ
꽣֮ͬл˭Ķ֣
Ȼ
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һ̣Ҷ޵
ȷѵһţܹȥþԶţţ
ûĵԽߣˤԽݣƽػȥܣ
ЩûеõźͼĵӺʹӳϣ峤ǶǳȻҶδŵӴʣȡ˹ھɾΨһһλԻ͡
ҪҶȻΪˣͬʱɱ˳źԪǰеӣҺԪžԲưոݣǻȡұ
ԣҶţпܻǰδеΣпܶ
ҶҺ㣬̳ҵ²Ը⵱ҵĵ𣿡
һЩΪۺҶ۷׷׵ʱ̨ͻȻٴǵ롣

һڽԻȻ
ûû뵽ҶΪͽ˼
һ̣㳡һƬžţ
ҶٴγΪΨһĽ㣡




1124 Ҷ
͵һЩΪۺ켵Ҷ˵ҶѻȥʱͻȻڣҶ̳²
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һҶͷ̳ΪĵӣӵǿĿɽ˵塢ʥغϴڵ֮⣬û˸׶
ԪźͳȻԪ˵ϷǳǿˣǺ;޹Ȼǲ̫ˡ
£ǲҶܾ
ǰǾ޹ʹһͨǿߣԶ
һҶͷ̳²ҺԪô޵ҲֻܴʣԲҶȡκα
Ļ˵ԤϣҶԼҲû뵽еǳ⡣
ͬʱҲѸٷе׹ϵ
Ҷֱõˣĺ¶Ҳ
ûֱǹʺˣǰͨǿߣҾͨ깥ϵǿߣ
ҪǰΪͽöð
ͨ˵ķӦûôǿңҲûʲô̫ĹϵǿҶҲãҲãһָͷѹǵĴڣǲû̫뷨
ЩԸźͼĵĽʵҪͲôʱվ̨ϵԼ
ЩӵĳϺšǶǳĽҶļ
Ҳ֪ҶʵӮģûаȡɵĳɷ֣ԣȻĽȴû̫ۡ
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ҶҪһɳˣŵ̲ס̾
ţҶԲܾ飬Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ȣ޹Ҷиغ͸Ϊһѡѡ⡣
ҲΪһҶ̳ǰ²̾ͻᷢ췭ظı仯ǰ;һƬҺԪҲԲǱܿɱ֮ͬʱջޱ貵δ
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һЩźɢǷ׷ۣҶԥĵӦΪǲÿǵġ
Ψ˳Ĭĸӡ
Ϊŵ̫ϳϣαĴӳϣзǳìܣϣҶδչãӵиΪأͬʱֲԸʧȥҶһŵӡ
һȻʵԸûҶͷκпܻǵ׵ġҶϣ
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ͬԸʧȥһֵܣҶģȻҶԼѡ
Ψͯ糿һĲᣬһҶ뿪ţҶͲˣ˵ӴһҲûнʱˡ
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ۿɢǷǳ࣬ǲΪ˹ۿҪһ
ÿһɢ޵бȻһЩԼòţ˵ʱòŵĶЩԼòŲòš
αԪݵʿȫˣݵɢҲ˹߱ԼҪĶ
ѵѡ񣬻ܹԻԼĵҩĲϣĲϵȵȡ
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о޹ڱЩɢҲҲ˵ˣױؿһףԲ棬ԣȻȡ˲ٵĳطѣЩɢ޵ĳ֮ڡ
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ͬʱƽ̨ϣӴĴǶڵͷ˼֪Щʲô
У۱Ĵü΢һ˫˸һĹâƺȨʲôϵҶ˿ȥ
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Ӽ˵ıУҶѾǵĵǺ;ᣬ΢΢һЦʾǷġ
ҶȲҪŴӦ߾ܾһ仰ϣѡ񡣡
Ժ󣬾͵ҶҪ˵Լľʱ̨ϣ۱Ĵ飬ͻȻ˵
С㣬˵
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һУը죬Ŀɿڴ
۱ׯʲô֯
һǱ鲼½ҵ֯ıﲻΪǿĹ似
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лϣô˵Ǿ۱ҲȱʯһиָĹ似챦Щׯ𣿡
鲻ʾȡҶԭ򣬵һȻǿҶĳǱΪطǳ֮
ڶԭе㲻˵ˣǾҶѺʮ׻ݣֵ̫ӴˣһҶѡ۱ôʾͲٸˣΪһǱ޵ĳԱͬʱʡһʵʯ
䱦ʲôʯ򲻵챦κζмֵģֻҪ۾һܹ
ׯлϲмķû򲻵ĶͿжʯׯȱľʯ
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һΪ۱Ԫݵĸˣ̫меĶˣܶƷĶʯܹġ
ʯ򲻵Ķ亱ÿһǾ䣬Ǿ۱Ҳûж٣ǻø˵ˣҲ㲻ѾԿףҲˣ飬ɲҪ
ׯлԣһҲòׯԪݵĸˣׯڻȫС
ˣˣ˵Ҳ̫ص˰ɣȻˣˣǵһҪΪͽģʲô֮ǰô˵أ
ǳƵĴ˼죬ȻǾ޵۹ĸ֣ҵλߣҲҶׯ߶ŭֻˡ
ôǻûӦ㲻ǱһѣѵͲ𣿡
Цգգ۾˵Ǿ۱καﶼǼ۸ߵã쾭尡
Ǳ
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˵ȻǱΪʲôҪأøˣһġ
ˣˣǶҪˣõˣҶСֵԼѡɣѡ֮ߵԴǱİɣ
ׯлһת˵ҪˣȴʾһԼׯòԴջԡ
̫𣬴רǧҩ켶似ء
ҲǾ˵Щ۱лУֻǻ᲻ṩҶͺ˵ˡ
˹ˣ㻹Ǳɣֻ˵һ仰
ױ˵ֶδˣҲֶΣҶ˵Ҷѡ꽣Ҹ˵½ֻܹ㣬ҿ꽣ľ裡
һǳѵѡԼƣѡκһעһԻ͵ǰ̣Ҫ̫ˡ
һ̣˵Ŀٴξ۽Ҷϣ˶ΪѣͬʱҲҶջѡ
ҶʶУϵһЦΪҶΪѡһΪѣһŵȱ㡣
۱䱦ڶ࣬СѾͷ˵Щȷʯģһ۱ռơ
ׯʵۺ񣬲ۺʥأԴռ޷ƣΨһһǶʯ̫һ÷ص㡣
˵ˣ۱ׯŵԣȱͬԣӴо͹ĶҲ࣬޹ʵһЩҲûôǿңùͷԣȻܹˮ
ԡǻۺ츳Ȼ¾ԣ۱ׯҲǲѡ񡣡
ò˵Ϊ۱飬ϼʶ㣬ǳ͸
Ұˣѡˡ
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1126 Ҷѡ
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û뵽Ҷܾĺ£ֱǲ˼֮

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ǿҶ֮ڲѡκһԭһǵѡκһ²̨ºѡͿԱ⣬ûѡҲԷӡ
˻ۣ˭ĺô࣬ȡﵽ󻯡
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ׯӴʯ֧ţѰҵһǿġҶǾּԪĹûӴʯ֧Žǳ
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Сӣ壬ûӦ׻ʧʧûĵ˵˾һСţԪһĶֵһ£һԪźųţ޷Ტۡ
еκһׯ;۱󣬶Ժкܴ洦ѵһ㶼ģ
Ҷڤ粻飬һ취ҲûУֻܿĵȰ֮еһһãǿŵķչ
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Ҷʦܣ㵽Ҷֵܡ̫һҲҶ֣֮ϵĿҶ
ҶʲôѡԶļңŵĴԶ㳨š
ǳӣΪҶĹǰ̣ҪȰҶ䡣
СѡĻҾûǾ۱ׯȽϺһЩȻˣȨԼ
ǰҶӣѡһõ
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1127 
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˼ֱԼĶ䣬ôõĻᣬһ죬κһ˶ԥ뿪СţܹԼṩƽ̨Ĵš
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⡭ȫǵԤϣ
ѵǲӭ𣿡ҶЦŴȤ
ӭȻӭż˵
ıˣ㻻ܷ񾭵ջ
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ջ󣬻ҶλϣԥҲȻѡ֮еһ
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ҶȴŵΪأѡУΪŵԼһݸе
̫ˣҶ磬Ĳ𣿡
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ȻԵñ˯㣬ҸҪߣ
Ҷ΢Цָָͯ糿ϵˮȤˣٿ޾ͲƯˡ
Ը⣡Ҿޣء
ȫãһȰͯ糿޵ĸˣȴҸϲá
ֵܣһӡ૵˵
ҶʦܣŵĽҲǵİһԴǵ̫һҲ̲ס޵
ΪҶͬʱΧϩҶָָ㣬۵ΪҶҪ뿪ɣɵ˲ᣬǰһĻ׷Ҷ壬ԼͬźʦŵĸܣһС
ϵĻǵıֻҶֻⲢֹվڵµƸߵ˵ʲô
Щ˲εҶȻˣûнʲôûȥᡣ
üëһ׼Щһ
Ҷֹʦ֣ˣЩһʶʲôԸ˵˵ȥܻʵһ죬˵ʲôҲŵģȥɡ
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Ҷס˳ҺԪŵǿ˵Ļ軹Хֶû˿ʤĿܡ
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ҶҲĿڣҶһ֮еκһⱲӱûϣˡ
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ԪձʵĻˣֱӽ˳ϣ˵ûӵģ˭УƫƫǵһɷǣģһѡһǶǲ𣬶ǲ𣡡

类ѵ˸Ѫͷȴһ仰Ҳ˵еĺֱҶⱲһĽᡣ
ͬʱҲ֪Ԫ˵ʵҲκһʵĶ֣κһ׵Ľѹˡ
ֻܾ䣬ȴʱԲóȻж͵ǽ޵Ԩ
Ԫջѣûбɱ˫ۣ֪ôȡᣬ˿ֻ̣ܴʡ
ͳһǣԪŵ̫ϳҲõҶز顣
Ϣ֮Ԫŵ̫ϳ˰죬ҧĿ죬һĳ鴤š
ô죿ҸôŽ
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һҶ֮еκһݺ͵λϾͲͬˣԪܹġ
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ԪݣԪһӴˣɺ;޵۹ȶǸ鼰½ľ۱ׯȸҲ㲻ϡ
Ԫ̫ϳϺ޵ȴûκΰ취Ҳֻܾ䣬ȴŽ




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֮ǰϰԵʶ̽Χ
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κʱ򣬰ȫǵһλģϾûо԰ȫĵط־ǷǳбҪġ
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ôˣʲôΪ¿˵Ǵҹͬ취
Ҷûĵ٩һɫ˵ǳԸһļһ֪ʲôѹ
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Ҷӣлл㣬û£ֻЩϽˣϽΪҲģҶԲ
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Ҷǿһ죬ʵСܵܣȷԴû޵߹СܺǾ۱ԼׯȣΪʲôѡѵǿ㶯ģ
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Ϊ˱ʾл⣬Ը֧һЩʯҶЩΡ
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1129 
СܵܣǾ۱Ļұ֤ûκ˸Ҷһָͷ
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֪Ҷҡҡͷ
ҵĸоأֱңùϵһǵ顣ΪŮˣʱ򶼻ѡŸоߡ˵ţգգ۾л

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ҲôΪׯлҲ˵ֻҪʯʲô챦κζм۸ġ
һЩʥغ͵ʱ򻹻ׯʯɹѹأԣҶѡҲû
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޵۹ֻ½ݳۣׯֳȻĴȣʵڲС

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£ϵ˷֮ɫµĴɫ޷ڣ


1130 ɱ
֮⣬һἫׯټӵкʥͬȵĵλǿġ
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һ죬Ԫжڴ˵Ҷɵӵ¼˶ҶȻʵǿǱ˫̫̫ͣˡ
ҿƣž۱ׯʥغ͵Ӵ룬ƫƫһСУԾչĵ·
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·㲻ߣֱԼ
֪Ϣ֮󣬳ԪռֱԼĶ䣬ȷ֮пѹƵɱ⳹ױŷ
ԭҶ֮еκһҶûбϣˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ҲԪСطЩѣɡȶ磬Ҫ˵鼰̵ľ۱ׯˡ
û뵽龹ȻתҶȻûѡκһʱԱ˼ġ
ֻҪҶûм֮УҶɱΪӺֶѩޡ
ףȻûѡκξԲܷŹһҪƤǣң
죬ҶھɵһţпΪδӹɡ
һжҶƻˣԼҲϵΪⱲӶûϣʿˣ
İɣҾԲСŻصɵģ
ԪմȰĸųͷɫޱȣѾˣ۸ʲôۣһҪҶɱ޷ԼĶӡ
Ҳ
ڳү̶ҲҪҶɱʱͻȻһϵ
ţ
һԪһһϲ
Ԫţ磡
̫ϤˣԴӳ类֮󣬳Ԫվ֪Һ֮ѾƳˮ
ΪǿĳҲûеɿʵҪѰһᶨѡ
Ԫź֮ŽⲻĳԹԪȻѵѡ
аϲͬʱԪ̽Ŵ򿪣ӭ˽
ײ裡
ԪҲ֪Լ˼ȴûеƣǿдţȽȿڡ
ȻҲ׳Ԫյ뷨ֱһ֣ڷвһ磬ԷǽжȻĵ֣ÿˣҵҲǵĿһµģԾͲˡ
뽲
ԪһȻ֪Լ˼ʲô˵Ŀͬģñܻʲô
֣Ҳڣκһڵ¶Ķ֣סһʱ仹ܹģ㣬֣ȫɱΪǱΣ
ֱӿżɽԪǰȫûһĶûС
Ҳòȥ
˫ĵӶǱҶһնɱѾûбҪٹĨˣųԪջԪźġ
ΪҺҶ֮ĳޱԼԼŵĴӳ϶ѣȻеĽܳӶҲȥţܺùԪա
ԪԼ׶ӶϵΪҪһʲôԪݳۣ
ãϼȻ˿ҳĳҲ촰˵ôϿʲô뷨𣿡
ȻѾ˵⣬ԪҲװˣɫ˲ޱʵ
ûнϳȥΪ׶ӣ©
и󷢵̸ݸᱻĸ֪޼ɵıڰҶһնɱԾ󻼡
ͬʱ
۱Ԫݷֲ칫ķ䡣
СҪɱԪźͳҵĽడ
վڴߣž¥ķ뵽Ҷļƻľ




1131 Ϲ
Ԫ֮еѾԲɣټҶҪȥҺԪһ뿪ļûʱ俼ǡ
ǣųϵĴ£Ҷ˾¥ķ䣬ʰװֱȥ
ҪˣȻҪױؿУ֪һ£ͬʱҲԪ֪ϢӵشҺԪ
ܿ죬Ҷһ˱㵽˳ױؿԳӭӣԸ¾磬ΪҶ˼С
ױؿ֮ĹϵܺãȴҶĻûԾƣױؿ˵һ뿪ˡ
ҶѡױؿеǳĲ⣬뷨Ҷûѡ޵۹Ҳ϶ھ۱ׯ֮ѡһġ
Ͼмľ޵۹ǿ̫ˣҲܹᱻҺԪű
Ȼ
ԤϵǣҶȻ˭Ҳûѡ񣬶ѡɣеɻĵط
ڣҶ˭ҲûѡɣҺԪŽйǣ϶ֵġ
һ£Ҷ˴ĵУѡϢ뿪м便ʲôӣ
ױؿûжʣ鲻򵥡
Ȼ֪Ҷʲộȴһıֻǲ֪ıʲô
Ҷûѡ޵۹Чңױؿʮźġ
ԼǾ޵۹ĻԱȻϣ۹ԽԽǿ󣬶Ҷ츳ǱɶǷǳġ
˲ź͵۹ʧۣ֮ǳϧȴҲûа취ϾҶԼѡҪҶѡ
ƣΪ۹ʹڼαͬʱҲ縺Ϊ۹˲ŵ
Ŀһ˲ŴԼƤӵˣȴû֮ܽ
оԼԹµκУȴһ취ҲûУ۾޵۹;۱ׯȻȲ̫ˡ
ױؿ֮ҶһŵĴֱӳǣڳ˳ǳֱ֮ɷȥ
ŵѾ˽ҶĴ㣬ҲѾö޴Ľжʱƶ
ҲΪʲôҶĽ飬뿪Ԫǡ
Ԫеȷܰȫ⵽ͬʱҲҺԪųϽ˼ʱ䡣
Ψп뿪óԪ˺ͽûκ˼ʱ䣬Ӷ˳ڿ˳Ԫպͽ硣
ţԪպͽ˱ȻעһԲԼһƽطɡ
һԼһ˻صɣԪպͽҪ̫ˣΨд˿ڰϽɱпܳɹ
ҶѾǵʵ͸ˣֻʣ¼Ԫһ˻սѾǷһԲڡ
ԪȫûҲֻʣ̫ϳϽһˣ˶ʥ̥۷ǿߣΪŲ¡
ҶճԪպͽļƻֻҪһһ˲סţһ˿ԺɵĽҶȫնɱ
Ȼٺնɱܹ޶֤ˣʱͯôϰҲκβǡ
ಣ
뿪ԪǣֱӴ߶ۣӭ籩ǣȫ档
һ߼Ԧһ߾Χ̽飬۵ٶȲ̫졣
ҶӣΪҵϰӺԪŵϹײȿӻ׷𣿡
գС۾ҶʵǸвסҲס˵Ͷڡ
ҾûᣬҶʦܻɱôӣûκαӵǲҲŸеأ
ûҶڣһô˵̫һȻˣǳƽһ˿ŵζ
ҲҶǳ˶裬֪Ԫպͽ׷Ҳ޻صĽ֡
ҲΪһ׷ģȴһ׷ڰ·ϽػǵٶȲûдﵽ£ǵõϢ֮ǰڰȫʱġ
ͯ糿Ҳ˵ԼжϣȻ֪ΣգԾЩţϾԵųʵʥ̥۷ǿߣвͻٲľء
ҶһЦҾǲİɣһûġ
Ҷĵİշǳ׼Ѿȫ˵˼͸ˣǲϹ
ֻҪԪպͽˣԳҺԪŽɳصĴȻʰǡ
ԪֻʣһҶʶĻͶһʱ䣬ʶĻֱɱҲˡ
ûв뵽УǾţͬʱչʶΧһж
Ȼ֪κΣգлЩţΪȷҺԪŵʲôʱ
ţ
ʱͻȻӦǰɱʱ۵ٶȽСǰȥ
ԪѾǧ·һƬççɽ˼ѵս
ﲻܷٴսᱻ֪Ű̾Էѡص㣬ͬʱҲҶж֮
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ˣһѡɱԼȻԶԪǵĵطԪǸĻױ֪
ԪźͳҶԪŵǿ˴ȥĻǼŵһĴ
ԣҶ϶ǧ֮ççɽֵϿõĽɱص㣬汻Ҷˡ
ɽתˮתû뵽ôǾּˣλôô߰
ŷٶ֮󣬺ܿ㿴ԪųϽͳҼԪ˳ǰ档
вٵŵӣҲУɱڵس赲ǰ
磬ʲô˼
ҶĦľ׼ͬʱվ֮ϣֱӴ߶Ҷ˶
̫һͯ糿ҶҲ׷״߶ٴеСĽ䱸š
ȻˣһжϷⶼҶ֮ǰ趨õģȸԷһԴĸо
Ϊȫû׼ΪͻȻϮɱ׼
ʲô˼ģҲǴˣѵ𣿡
˿û̶ֵ˼Ӳģǳһ¿־ĸоǸã
磬Ԫգû뵽ǾȻ˱޳֮ˣǵĵӼˣڱҲǻãǾȻɱһ˵Ƕˣ
ŭԪպͽˣͬʱֳЩźͿֻŵԶԷ
סڣģڣǶˣ˭֪췢ʲôģǻᴦֳģκ˻ɵǵϡ
ԪĿԽţֱҶȥҶĳѾ˼£ҪնɱΪĵӺͶӱѩޡ
ʱȺ˳һ޴Ĺսϡ
гԪյı缴ûκΪڿԾɿж
Ҷ飬Ҳн죿
Ҷ綾ߣƲǣ׺ݶֲбſ̹ĵĺ⣬޲̽Ҷ˺Ƭ


1132 ը
Գķ̣Ҷɫƽû˿仯
ڵȡ
ѵĳʱ޼ɵʱҲǾ͵ʱ
Ȼ
ƫƫˣ
ҶûзţЦҶ飬ͽ·㲻ߣǿӹһٵģϧ̫޴ˣȻ˽Ļᣬ͹ֲˣ
ǹ˼ıȴ÷ᡣ죬˵ؾǵ֮ʲôԿԽˣ
ŶˣҲˣҲûҪˣΪҲûãûκ塣

Ļ˳Ԫպͽ˵һЦ
ȻʵˣƤɷǳϬⷬ˵дˬ
ûʸǰͣǼƾ㣿¿ұö죡
νͷ͵죬Ϸݵ棬Գ޼ɵ裬Ҷ˻
㡭
µľǽδ̣ǱҶϵΪ䵽ⲽأ
Ҷ仰ʱʹó糹׷ˣ
ףɱǧУʬΣΪұ𣡡
˻ţۼ֤ҶɱҲĿ
һۿһĻԪɭɭضҶɳƵ˵
ɭɱĿ⣬ͳɳƵ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷֱ߶סĸоؿѹһɽƵģԴϢ
壡
һ̣Ԫƾʥ̥۷ǿʵ壬Ҷѹֵĸо
ֻһ˲䣡
ܿ죬ҶɫָηӭϳԪյĿ⡣
Ԫա磬ѵǾͲɵı𣿡
ͬʱװǳµӣ̧һԼ˵ļ

һЦ£ǵȻ£ҲҪ֪ͯɱǣͯƲпܱΪǻлͯƥ˵𣿡
ƥȫҶƥ򣡡
輰Լĸףͯ糿ʱŭվָԷһͨʹ
ֻϧͯ糿ҽ̼ãͲˣȥô䲻ʹĻץ
Ҫ˵ĹܹԷôĻðɡ
ϧǣƤʱ˿ڣöԷԾ
ˣҪ˷ʱˣǣҲûȥˣҹζ࣡
ųԪյĻ£ͽһһҶ˰Χ
ǼԦŹսȥ
һսһ岻ԶֻУҲҪֹսನ˵꼰㡣
ڳԪպͽĴ£ҺԪŵ𽥳ʰΧ̬ƣͼҶ˰Χм䣬۶֮
ͬʱ̫һͯ糿˵ڻ£ҶʼԪעԪ׼͵ϮԪպͽ硣
˵Ԫ׵ͨǿ߶ը
עԪͬʱҶϵָʾԪעһƱըʱ
ǧһ֮ʡ
ɰڴһ٣
ಣ
ಣ
һ̣ڳԪպͽ˽뱬ըΧ֮ڵʱҶһöԪ׶Ȼзɳ׹⣬Х
ʲʲô
ÿµ
һԹһ֣ɢſµԪźͳҵоޱȡ
ãɢ
ڴʱ
һ˻쳹ʣ
ʶ㣬һ۱ϳԪףŵûǳϣ˻ͬʱ˲ȼԪԶӡ
ಣ
ǽ磬ԪҲʶ˲Ծڽ翪ڵͬʱ㼱ٱˡ
Ϊ
ͽһԪ׵жôֲ
ͬʱҲˣһıҶûмǹż뿪ԪǣڿӣӶǿɱ
ֻǡ
ˣ
ಣ
ȫ߶۱ˣͬʱ߶һ

֮ϣҶ겻һ㣬ΪһȣʶԪס
䣡
ԪӦһ쳹ʣ
һɿµ籩ԱըΪԲģһ㣬ϯķ֮ȫΪ
ľغ
һеһУڣ
ɽѣ
ȿµǰСģ
ڣԪźͳҵӣδ׷ʲô㱻籩У˲仯С
Ԫʿ޷ֵ
ǣҶǶܵ˲
ȻŰռƻǰ߶룬Ҵ߶һʥ̥ļƷȻܵ˲
ʥ̥Ʒֱӱըˣ
֮⣬߶ҶˣԪףķѣˡ
Ԫף
ȱըµ˵
ڸղţ̶̵һ˲䣬ʥĵ˰˳ϣǱըٴһЩĻҲס
Ҷȴûʲô¡
һǰſţ˾ųϵҲ߶ѾЩˣԪ޵У߽ϣʮ־ˡ
ȻûˣҶԼҲû뵽öԪ׵Ȼ˵Ŀֲռ䶼ըˣʱγһռڶ
Щռڶ˴ĻöԪɵƻ󣬷Բ¶Ϊƽء
ͯ糿̫һ˵ķҶܵ˲̶ͬȵˡ
̷һö˵ĵҩ֮ˡ
ҲܵһЩˣԪĸأҪ
һ£ֻҶȥ̽
ҶȻԪպͽѾɥСΪ
ųѵԪʿǿȵıը֮ǲܻģԪպͽˣмΪǿķĻġ
οʥ̥ʿʥ̥𣬻ɶ
ף
Ҷͷһڿն£ٷ֮ǰըĵط
Ԫʿǿȵıը֮ǲܻġ

ܿ죬Ҷ㿴Զ಻ԶκӰͷӦǳԪպͽ˵Ϣ
˶ûʥ̥꣬ܵ˼Ϊصشȫʧȥս˵һָͷ޷ֻؿҶ
һ̣ǵް޼ɵеֻǾľ
֮⣬һ˿־壡
Ƿݿ־壬Դڴ˿̵ơǾͷ·𰸰ϵһ㣬Ҷ׸
㡭úݡ
Ԫ޷ڣֻҶһ˿΢
ô
Ҷޱ飬ɻ·


£ҶִһȭâֱӽԪպͽ˳Ψռڵϡ
ৣ
ҶһӣֱӽռץУ




1133 ҶĲ
֮ǰ˸߳ԪպͽˣǻҶһոͻƵԪڵСʿУǾԻΪԷˡ
Ȼ
ʵộʥ̥۷ǿߣҶС
һУҶûа˷뼤ɫƽز鿴ųԪպͽĿռ
ռǳԪպͽһĲƸ
˿̣Ԫպͽ綼ˣǵĿռΪҶսƷ滹ǵӡ
Ҷ⿪ӡܲ鿴ռеʲô
͵Ҷ׼Ԫպͽڿռеӡʱͬһһ˹
֮ǰԪĹȣܵ˲𵴣ʱ޷߶ԪҶһ鿴
Ҷ뿪ˣ
ԪպͽΪ޼ҸԶԼľѧǿķ
ĳԪպͽ绹ţ
һԪպͽ˻սĻҶʮΣա
Ϊں͵ģָһʱٶȸ˹
Ȼ
Ҷߵʱ򣬲ûпԪպͽӰҶеռ
ΪˣռǳԪպͽģ
ԪպͽҲ뵽ǻһַʽ䣡
ſЦѣͽ綷һӣ˭Ҳκβ˭û뵽죬ȻҶöԪ׸ըˡ
С˵ز˾΢Ϣһ£뿪ñ˷ˡ
ϲԺʶԣ˵ԪպͽѾˣΣһ˷֣ȥĻҺԪưոݣ
š
ҶͷռȻŻص֮ͯ糿˻ϡ
֮ŵ£·ϥѸ˹Ϣ
Ҷûкһ˹Ϣ
һûˣߴ߶ԪԪ١
Ӧ˰ɣ
ż˹ϢͬʱҶԶɽ֣ĬĬ˵
Сӣ¶ˣַʮﴦһϢһֱͣ¾˵Щˡ
Ȼˣ
ҶһЦѽе鶼ˣӵ˾˭ܲµ
˭Լôģ
˭ϣɺͳҡԪ
𰸺֮
ţ
ΪԪ֮һۺʵҪԸһֵԪţһ֧ΨɺԪţкŷ֮ͥƵĳҴ֮С
ͨϷŵˣҶûκξٶûȥżˡ
߰ɣ
Ƭ̹ż˽˹׷վ׼ȥ
ϣʮ֮⣬һֱڼǡ
ۿżҶѣȴû˵š
Ȼܿ϶Լжȷģȷһ±ȽϺá
ϾûоԵ£οһжҶ֮ǰʱƶϡ
ȷ
ҶĻһϽʶ̽һȻֱߴԼʮ֮ķ·ڡ
ৣ
ŵɫһӱѿһȥɾԻԳҺԪִ
ڵܿסǿȵĹ
һҺԪǿǿ֣ɱͻѾãпܻ֮
ߣȥ˭
žȥпܵĻԻϳ֣ЩҲˣ¶˷
ҵҪĸӾȻҲǵ£
ɱڵ˵һս˽ͳԪʥ̥۷ǿߣЩˣˣһöԪףղһȫ˳ȥ
ֽɲôŪģҶŪöѾǳˣǾ۱ǡУܻܲŻصŶ˵顣
ʮľ룬գۼ
ܿ죬Ҷ˱㿴ʮˣ
Ҷжϵһȷŵˡ
ŵĴӳû뵽žȻôͷǣЦúܲȻ
ΨֵķǳȻǸպ·ɺҶײһûκβȻӡ
ǰãλʦʦúá
΢ЦǰһųϺ츳˹˿ҲûбײƵΡ
ֶղſֿĺܿİɣ
ʵȻǶ˵ȴǿŵĴӳϡ
ΪŴӳϵı飬жʲô
֣ǰγԣˣ׼ȥ·˵أӦǵϢͬʱڼٽӽΪɱԽǿŻǱԭؾ䣬û뵽ǡһɻ˵оһ
ĻɻģҶȻ֪ϷҲòޣ̺αװǿ
Ҷûв⣬Ҳеһˣ﷢鴫ҺԪŵĶ
Ը
ȴ֪Ҷļƻ鱩¶ɱڵ뷨й˼ɣóȻ֡ŵĴӳʵϲδܽԷ
ңΪҲٺȻˣԪݵĴøѡ
ǰûбķԸҪˣϾôãҲ¶ʦġ
Ҳһ㣬һҲŻҶȻǿ󣬵ҪӵĻܹߵģŵĴӳ϶Կû⡣
ܿŲҶ֣ŵʱԾɸеǳѹ̲סߡ
ٻᣡ
ȨջǾŵߡ
ǰأλʦʦñأˣ
ÿ죬ֱӲʧʩһ񣬸ŴӳϺλʦǴҴȥˡ
һֲԤУСӿ϶Ὣ鴫ȥģһóҺԪ֪ѱǲȡ
̫һ˵Ϊˣ͵Ŀ۸
ͯ糿Ҳͬĵģŵ˽鴫ȥ³ҺԪΧɡ
Ҷ˵ĵǣ΢΢һЦİɣһжҵĲ֮ڡŵ˲ϢȥҲϢ¶ġ
ʲʲô
ż˱ˡ
û
һ̣ıˣ
ǿһ¶ǸǻҶȴ˵ڲ֮ڡ
ܲ𾪣
ԭܼ򵥡
ҶɭһЦһ˿ɱɱԪպͽֻǵһҪ˻ᣬ˳ҺԪţ󻼣ɳ𣬳Ϊ޿ɶҡԪݵһڣ

ٴҶĻֱɵˣе𺳱֮ǰй֮޲
Ϊ
ʵ޷Ҷĵš
ɽӦóؽˣ
Ҷ𰸡




1134 ıԶ
һﾪˣ
Ҷⷬһӽȫˡ
ɽǰ˰벽֮ͨͨ󣬳ͨϣ
ҲǵͯƲϧǰԪؾΪɽѰ׻ݵԵʣ
ɽҶ֮ǰѾѡ˱չأʱ䣬Ӧɹˡ
ֻҪϳسɹͨУɱҺԪŵǿ׾٣
Ϊ
ԪŻǳңûͨǿһɽͻƵ֮ͨΨһһͨǿߡ
ʱŶҶıԶǣ³çÿһϸã˼֮ܣеȺ̾硣

Ԫպͽ类ҶԪ׺ɱ
ҶԪպͽ˽ɱҶɣҶöԪ׺ɱǳ˳һɿĴ˳ȥ
⡭ֱţһԪڵʿȻɱʥ̥۷ǿߣ
ԪײΪ֮һˣ
ıһоıƺˣڿӵԪźͳһٽԪպͽɱ
ԪȵõϢһȻ󲨣˶¡
𾪣˸̸̾ıۡ
һУ뿪ԪǵҶٴαϷ˼⣬Ϊ
ȻױؿҲõϢʱĵһӦǲܣȷ֮ҲòϢ̾ҶĻԪ̫ϳ϶˵ɱɱû˿ԥ
ͬϢҲ˾۱Ķû˿ɣΪöԪ׾Ҷģ֪ıȱ˸һЩ
ȻϣıԶǰ
֪ҶԪ׽Ԫպͽըʱ鲻̾Ҷź䲻ĻͳǸ
òҶĺıԶǣ黹ûз֮ǰȫ׼
ͬʱҲǳɻҶɻὫɱƵһǳΣյľأֵ
Ҫ֪ҺԪŶǺǵԪݶ˵ǷǳӴʵ˵ǵͷߡ
һ֣ɽƱػһ޴Ľѣܲͦȥ˵
˵ҶӦÿǲһ㣬ΪʲôҪ
ѵʲô֪ĵƣ
һ̣ͻȻֿ͸ҶĸоϷ·һһ㡣
Ҷ˻صŵͬʱҺԪҲͬʱõϢ
ȫûûһ˻Ż
Ϣڳ𡪡һӢͳԪնˣĳҶԣǻԵĴ
˶˷ŭϾڱչеأΪҵӱ
չصĵطڼĺɽһǳĵطش֮⣬κ˲ôš
ɽһȻСԪҲ̺ľѳ
һ죬ҴСǧ˼ɽչصɽǰƾٳһλ˳ҵƤġ
ҵƤǲģһζųˡ
ˣ
ˣ
Ƶ쳹Ͽա
ʱɽдһϺʲôˣΪƤģ
һߴͣͷɢţţͷ۵һȭ˶ڶڵʯţڳ˵ǰ
棬ˡһҪΪǱ𰡣
ƾٳĴľͼӴ׵˵һ飬˵ҶǶôõսթɱţɱҼ
ʲʲôС边Ȼɱˣ
Ϣʱŭѣɢһǿ֮ʵϢֱӽߵĳ˳ȥɼʵжôĿֲ
ԪˣȻҲǷǳʧóʧȥǣȴĴʹ񾭣
ǵڶ˳ϣ
棬Ѿͻͨ𣿡
ɵĳ˲û˿ԹԣЩǿǿΨͨʿܴﵽ
ûУѾ˹ؼԵİ벽ڸոմﵽ벽ͨѡ
ĺϢһżգʥ̥̫ͨˣܶʿϣؼԵİ벽Ѿǳˡ
˵ʿѾΪˣȴɹ˰벽
ֻҪܹؼԵİ벽ʣµİ벽ͺðˣֻʱ⣬ֻҪͻƵͨġ
ÿͻһ磬˵ԪҲӦӲ١
ܻһʮѣԪѾﵽ˶꣬ʥֱ̥ꡣ
ͨ꣬ѾƽԪľͷͻƵĻʮͻˡ
ڣ˳ϣԪκһ˶ǿ
ȻΪŭҲ֪ҪıһƾҵҪսʤƵɼǲܵģΨ
ѵԪţһԪűǿģԪź֮䱾ԹΪҪǣ˴ԪҲȫû
һ£ԪžԻɱ
ಣ
ͨһк󣬳漸ûκԥֱһʧ˺ɽֱԪŶȥ
ԪڵԪɽԪеλõģɽˮ㣬֮㣬Ԫ뵳
ִԪź󣬸ûͨɽţֱӱԪŵĹ㳡ϣֱȥ
ʲôˣԪʲô
ԪźܶӶڹ㳡ϣͻȻ߶һ̬͵ߣҷǳϽ
ЩҲӳϾ֪˲ģһĵӿͿѯһ⡣
Ϸ껣ųһϷ̡
ȻΪǿ󣬵ûԪŵĵҰ
ԭǳ棬ڱչУϾҪˣ
ѯʵԪŵȻû껣ǳ껵Ĵġ
һԷ˳껵֣ϱʶ˳껵⣬һ𾴵̬ͿĽý˴еȺͬʱԸСźš
ԪʵҲ뼴ɱɣΪ糤ϺХֵ˱ѩޣĿǰڱչصĽҪͷ򲻸Ҵš
չصĵطǳ࣬һʯϿļªɽɽгһ֮߶ѻŲٵʯ
ʥ̥ͨͺͻƣòˣҲҪ׼һЩʯ
Ԫų˱ҪķѲ֮⣬еӶȺںչصɽ֮⣬ǳȳй֮޲
ɽдϢʱпܳأֻǲ֪ﵽʲô̶ȣܷһ͵ͻƵͨ
䣡
ԪڵӺͳǽĵȴУɽֱӱˣɽ߳ǿϢһżա
ͬʱ̸ܵϢֱӴӴһţ˺չصɽ֮ǰ
ǰõˣ
껵ıֱȺһȻţڳǰִ֮Ӧõġ
ţϷĿѾ֪ˡϷҪһʹ컰ǲ
껿żɽֱӽԼ˵ˣúԼѡţһԼġ
̫ɱ˵ӣ˳𲻹죡
ͬԤϵһɫһɱڵ֣һɣ




1135 ŵĽ
ڳҺԪıҪɵͬʱҶһ·ƽػصɡ
ѽӵҶһ·ǿƶɱţԪھ;ܾϢʴͯԴųϡſڵȺ
쿴ǻˣ
ͯƵ˵ĵȴУҶ˳۳Զգһۼ⣬ȿѡ
ৣ
һ̣ͯڣ˶ԼͬؽĿͶ۷ķֳ˲䰲
ҶҶ
ݵİ춯صźԪŵĵӶ鲻ԽغҶ֡
ͯƺλҲǼѣŵһͬźĳ嶯
Ϊ
ҶɵӢۣɵĽ
ĺУۼ٣ʼ䡣
ҶվϣźѹѹȺĺ겻ѡ
ʱμɵŵѡΣΪ̫ͯ糿ߵ̫˱ӣǿ߹ϵŻŵѡεʸ
Ҷ磬еӶַʽŶĳݣΪ٣
ĺͯ糿ѣǸо·Ĥݵ˲Ҷˡ
һ̣ӼţҶɣǵһѡ
ԴӼһη֣˵ľ
һԵ̫һ˾̲ס̾Ҷʦܣдɵʷ
ҿֻǸʼɻҶӶÿǰǿ󣡡Ҳˣһ컬¶һһı顣
̫һɵΪҶοͯƺһɳϣ
ͯƼþòƽ
Լʶ˵ͬʱҲǳҶԾ޴ջԾܹŵΪһλѸ˵ڵڶλǼѵõġ
ͯƣҲǳжǾҶ飬Ծ޴ջԾܹΪŵǣ硣
ǺҶʱԵջ󣬱˵Ǹôĳŵׯĳŵɵڶʥ죬붼ġ
ڣ˵׳֦ŵܼܲرģŶ˵
ԣǲŸҶСС;˵ܹջǳѵãǱѵá
ǴĺǸжȦ죬Ҷĵӣֱʦϱй⡣
ĺ̾ͽˣ򸴺
Ҷйڵ߳ζƿһ㣬ȫУӶҶУ˵Ӧ÷ǳҶŶԣҶ˱ȴк⡣
ԼӵƷԣ۳ɾͣԲܴﵽҶĳ̶ȣҾԲҶȺ֮ġ
߳ϲôҲɵĿǰĴҪľҶˡ
ҶллΪһУҴȫʾлͬʱʾӭ
ſڣҶδ£ͯǰҶ֣м˵
ɻѾãԪŴûܶڣǵһ١
ҶסǿļˣմɱΧ˱δĹھɵǰʮռĸϯλǰüһΡ
ⶼǵӦģˣ
Ҷ΢ЦŻûаĽԴеֻǫѷ
СΪʦΪ٣
ĺҪ˵ʲôҪ˵ʱȴ֪ôӺ˵ֻ˵ôһ䣬ο֮顣
ԴҶ֮ûиҶָ̫㣬Ҷȴûʧ෴һһεش漣
ȿȡ
߳ϸɿҲǰϵضҶ˵ҶխǰжԲסĵط㲻Ҫȥ
Ҷǳ⣬߳ϵ֪߳ĵԼǸģʱϷ
ȻΪܷŵεԼǸҶȻʲô١
߳ϣǰµҲвԵĵطǸⲻɷ𣿡
ҶϽֹ߳ϼԼǸ˵߳ϣȥͲˣҪŽһ£һܱٴθ۸
ô۸𣿡
߳Ծǻ¿ƢһҶ˵üëˣɨȥ
Сߣġ
̫ϳŽڰ·ҼԪպԪ̫ϳϽɱϸڳ˽һ顣
ģ̫浱˲ɣ
ŵĽ߳϶ʱƿڴʵȻǿģŹʶȴǷǳǿģһ˵Ԫպͽ˴˽ɱҶʱˡ
𣡡ͯҲǳŭǱ뻹ɫ
ԭųһ飬ϾΪʦɺͳԭĹϵ
һ˵ԪսɱҶͯǸоѴӱͱ˵һ
ԣ˵öԣҪһѵ֪ҲǺǵģ
һҪǣɵĵӻԪݻȥ𣿡
ٵӷŭغǶŵĻڳҺԪŵ޳Ϊеʮַ߿
ȥǣǾԼţҰҵƶϣһ鷳
Ҷһοˣͯƣʳһ¡ţôˣ𣿡
ûУѾɹͻͨĿǰȹ̾磬زþܹˡ
ͯһµҶ˼ҶĿ̺뾪㵡
Ȼ
֪һжҶ粼ֵĽ»ֱӴ
ȻˣǳҺԪעҪˣ
ҶЦ÷ǳţ֮ǰҲΣԪźͳҶзǳ˽⣬ҺԪŶûͨǿǿҲǰ벽ͨѡ
ɽȻѾͻͨôԪźͳҼ֣Ҳ޷κв
Ϊ벽ͨͨȻֻ֣˴˵Ĳ֮
һԪźͳҴŵʱ̵ˣ

죬ͯƷԸڴаڿϯһͨף֮׵ʤ
ΪǣҶȻڳҺš̫ϳϡһǸߵˡ
ɵʷУдٵֻҶһˣ޵ڶܹš̫ϳϵͬ
˵ǰҶȡһ˵ĳɼлӲĽʺ޵Ļôֻʣݺӣ
ӷϴҶĺһ𷵻塣
ʦͽûзУǾɫɽСϣΧǳףֻһЩ֪С׵ҹɫƽһЩ
СΪʦܽж
ĺԶΡɽ壬ȦЩ죬һˮеľɫЩʣ۱ׯӴźΪʦͽ֮֮壬ȻܾΪʦĺܸж
ʦˮ֮ӿȪ౨˵ԭɶжҲ塣
ҶӦ
ºݺᡣ




1136 һ
ô˵ѡΪʦΪ٣ôΪʦһֱͽΪ̫˾ջھ޴ǰϥڡ
ĺϷпô̫ΪʦͽĿɳ飬ȻҶȴһݳ
ʦҵĻҲнĳɾͬ͡Ҹղ˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ҵĶǵһӶ޷ģκʱ۵ʲôطԶҵʦԶҵļҡ
Ҷϵ˵ķθ֮ԣСʦĸ³ģʦͽ縸ӵĸȱ˽ĸ
ҹˣϢɣΪʦɣ·Ҳѣϣһֱܹһų֮ģҪΪķɱǡ
Ҷķθ֮ԣһѵĺȥϵۣΪԼеңҶǻ̫ˡ
ĵӼֱǿġ
κһʦκһ˵ĵӶǱ
ȻҲ֪ĵӣܸ̫ĸҶѾԼ̫ĸʦֻܼĵطֵһЩԲٸӸˡ
ɣ˳ؼҿ
Ҷ仰󣬵ȴĺҵһ¡
ؼҿ
򵥵ĸ֣ȴܰһϵĹ
ðɣү룡
ĺûоܾҲľܾÿһ˵жһĺȻƧ죬ͬҲ⣬ԽˣԽǿҡ
ɽСһһߣ¹£Եøܰ
ˣĺѾǵľ
ҶԼҪǳϸÿʱÿ̶Уľɵʱ̡
һֱĺ͵嶥СéУһҶŸ뿪ҪԼ굺
Ϊ׼չˣδУдܶ࣬ǵõˡ꽣깥ͬʱںͱ˱Ҳ˺ܶණҪЩԼġ
ĺҲ֪Ҷ˷һʱ䣬Ŀ뿪֮󣬱Ϣˡ
Ҷص굺ֱԼչصǸ鶴֮У»أڻסˡ
ڰУҶֱӼ˾ڣڷڵϣһֱӽڵռ֮С
ʱٵĲͬҶռ֮пӵиʱĵơ
ռ֮Ҷû꽣ȽԼڱսеһЩĵ¸һ
ЩսǳǺͳһսջĶ࣬ǰĲԪĲ𣬶ʥ̥һ̵ʶ
רų̹֪ԪΪʥ̥֮ʵĸı䡣
ʥ̥ɹ֮ԪתΪʥɱǿ
Ҳǳʥ̥Ϊʥ̥֮ôѶԸԭ
ʱҶѾͻԪڣóеĵƲŽɱ
һչؾʱȥˣռеʵ֮вͬʵʵнȥĸʱѡ
ڹȥҶͨŴĵεΣ˺ܶĸ
ȻʵûκǿսѾ˺ܴĲͬҲǼࡣ
Ҷͬ˵ĵطܽա
죬Ҷʼʶзǰеʶ꽣
л꣬Ϊ飬Ϊ񣬳磬Ҳǿġ
꽣ƪܸٿìܣʵ̺ҶĹУһֱһԣһ仰ûָ㣬ȫƾԼ
ԭܼ򵥣꽣һǳµô򵥾ܹĻҲΪ֮һˡ
Ҫǣ뿴Ҷ꽣򾿾ܹﵽһʲôĳ̶ȡ
Ϊ۱ı꣬϶оǳ͸꽣ȻҲ˶ѡ
ȴʺҶҶɽա֮Ѿˣϲ̫ķչ
꽣ֲܹȱݣõģᱻ˻ɡ
ϲ˵ҶҲʣǴܸٿʼһһֵо
˵صģܶ˶޷ԦԼ꣬Ǵﵽͨʥ̥кܶʿǳǿ󣬵Ƕȴ̫˽⡣
꽣Ҫȫ֮Ҷıˣ
ȷǳǿһΪʮΣÿһͬεӡ
һģԻʶ˼壬Ҫʶ۳һѽȻǽȻҪнУŵĵһѵġ
ڶֻǽһֻ֮Ȼͬʶ֮һ֮ǿһ۱֪
Ž󣬽ٴηֻγ콣ؽ˽֣Էӳ
ĲļķһļķԻңļԻﶬ޷
ΪнߣľˮʶɷֲͬԵʶ֮֮
㡭
߲㡭
һֱھŲ㣬ʶɾŰʶ֮ݺᷭɣ죬ն꣬ɱΡ
ʮǾžŹһŰʶ֮϶ΪһγһѾ޴ʶ޽ٵأ˫
ȿ֮Ҷпڵǲܵõģȷʵ˦Զ
֮Ҷ㿪ʼ״̬һԿĿɿڴ
ôҲû뵽ҶȻڶ̶ʱڱԡ꽣˸
׼ȷ˵Ҷԡ꽣ԼĶڣһ£ܲܳɹĽʶ֮۳ؼġ
ʶҪ۳ɽǳѣΪʶεģεѵġ
ҶγԱʧˣʶɽ״ѣֻҪһͿγɣҪάȴˡ
ע΢ɢһЩʶ֮ɢˣ޷ӳκε
Ҷ٣Ȼһܹ޳ɣֻһʼ϶ʧܵģ㲻ʲô
ʶ֮ô۳ɹĻ꽣ҲΪôֵĶˡ
ȻǿôʱһҲģҶĺܿ
һĳԣһδεʧܣʶҪάַǳѣ۶ôѣȻѡˣҪȥ
˫޵ҶʶϾԶˣĿҲȱ˸ǿ
֪˶ٴεʧܣҶڿԽʶɵĽάˡ
ȻӣһͻƣӾӣʶɽѾɹˣʣµľάʶʱ䡣
Ϊ
ֻʶܹʱά֣ʵʩﵽնеĿģ
ⲢףΨϰȡʶάʱһЩﵽĳ̶Ȳǿɱ
𣿡
ҶһʶɽʱͻȻԱûͷûԵһ䡣
Ҷһ㶣˼һܿϵ˼ʶҪ۳һʶ֮ףҪȴˡ
ϵ˼ʶȥ꣬ö֮׽һܸõάȥ
һõ׶ΣҶһĳԣʶΪ괸״
ȻԻûȴʵĶҪ֮ɹ̶״ʵ̫ˡ
ռУϴһᴫռ֮ѣ˭Ҳ֪Ҷڱչظʲô
ռʵռʱٲͬȻռѾȥ˺ܾãʵȴûйȥ졣
һδʧܵĳԣҶڽԼһѴֲڵĽΣ䣬ǳ
ʵЩҹάҶһʼҲܹΪںòÿΣֻҪܹӳ꽣Ϳˡ
һǳʵʵͣҪ󲢲ߣֻҪܹӳ͹ˣװθûʲôô
ԣҶ֮νªģȫֻһ״ѣûκεĻƺƷ
ҶһЦ֮Ǻʯʱʯȥߴ棬Ψнʵģޡ
֮ΣҶ㿪ʼ꽣еĹţͷ蹬â˸
꣡
һ죬һһɫСҶ蹬зɳֱӽǰһȭͷСʯˣǿӲ˶һûκ
~
ҶһֱһϬɱﵰںͶսʱ򣬳䲻Ĵ߶֮Ϯɱʮþȡ
ҶһŬ϶пҶֱΪģκ似յر죬ԸǾˡ
һ˵ܿ죬˭֪Ҷ꽣ʱʹʹۣ
һδεʧܣһδε£ֲĳɾ͡
˵һεĳɹͺðˣҶϵڽ꽣һʽһ졣
ռУɫĽâһ㣬â䣬´գʶҶɵʱǿ̫ˡ
Ҳǳķ֮ҶÿһʱͱҪϢһ²У֧Ų
֪˶ã͵ҶٴͣϢʱɽͻȻ˼ٵɽ




1137 
ӣ
Ҷһ±ӱˣɫһ䡣
Ź棬Ӳ죬Ψµʱ򣬲ӡ
˿̣ܼĳ̶ɱȻ˼Ϊش顣
Ԫźͳҵ̲סô
Ҷվ˫ۼսȻĹâһ߳ռ䣬׼ӭսˡ
ӻصһ쿪ʼһֱڵһ졪Ԫźͳ
Ҷµûһʱ׼ͳͲסˣۼӢǿɱ
ƺƵĽΧ˸ˮйͨվɽϷȥȫԪźͳҵǿߡ
ͯƹɽ󼤻ɽʱһƬʵĴ֮С
ɶʱһֽŵһս״̬¹ŵбչеǿȫء
ͳҲûǿйɽ󣬶Ƿϰգӿй۲ɵĶ
ͯƺһڳվڴǰĹ㳡ϣͷſеĺͳˣһԲ
СٽҶСϷ㲻һƴ¼Ȯ
У껷ǳţѾõǲܵסҺԪֵģֻǰ
⽻ҶС𣿱Ҫ⳥㹻ʯУѪϴɣ
ɫޱȣɵĳޱȳֻ಻١
ҶɱĵӣΪһţô̵
֮⣬ҶŽͨܣֻҪҶֵ򣬽ԪŵĴ󷽲Ρ
οɺԪ֮䱾ŽⲻĳԹڱУһɻĻἸǲܵġ


Ҫսս
ͯƻû˵Ѿ̲סˣ׷׳Գ껺ͺҪ̫ˣɲܾͷġ
ͯ˫鰴ѹ˵۾껺ͺ˵껡ǵСɣҴ˿̽ҶȥǻŹ𣿷ϻ˵Ȼʮ㣬Ǿɣ
ͯƵĻϷ׷׷򼸸֮ʥάִתֹ󱻹ơ
ɽķǿǴȴǷǳ׵ģͯеӣأж
ߣִԲ򣬻ѾˣȴûץסھҶСҲûбҪټˣ
ɫһɨһͯƵˣ漴ȥͲ֪ҶԪŵжôش
ȻҲ˵һ漴Ҳɻɵɽָ֮ȫɽ
󣡣
źͳ껵һ£Ԫ˺ͳҵǿһʼǿɵĻɽ
䣡
һХһȭʥûһֻצݺݵĻڻɽϣûɽһâ˸
Ԫźʥ̥Ȼһɼ־С룬ޣǷ˵һкܴĳɳռ䡣
һȭźһ㣬һʱ䣬Ԫڶǿ߷׷ʩչԼǿĹһϣϣ̵ܹʱڽɵĻɽˡ
ƣ
ҲʾһףȻеʨӺ漴ҲչԼʥ̥ԭͣȻ˫ͷʨ
һʱ䣬ɵĻɽ᧿Σôǿ߼йעطĻͱˡ
ɵķ˫ǻɽ󣬾һ̵Ĺһκһ򹥻ƽ̯
һ۵ɳǱĳΪҪάתʯ֧źԪȻǲģǱҪеܵĲѹ
ۡ
ܿһ֧ŲˣʥĵķǳأһѪҡҡ׹
һƲͯƷԸϱһϹȥѪĳ滻ԭˡ
СϷҪǻֶܼá
껷ǳţǵԶԶɵܺͣͺ˶Ѿ˹ؼԵİ벽Ϊ벽ͨǿߡ
У˾߹һ㣬ֻҪ˴ɽûһ
ٲͶһƴ󣬱ؽѪϴɣɱһȮ
ҲŽʮ㣬ΪɵĻɽֻʱ⣬ֻڽա
𣿡
ںʱһϵд
䣬֣
̫ϳ֮һɽһһ㶸Ȼɳ˫һ֣ͺɱȥ




1138 ɱ
ԪźͳɣǿƺɻɷƱҪѪϴɡ
ɻɷȵʱɽˡ
һ֣ɳǿƶԳ껺ͺǿƳ֡
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ɽһ֣ǾͷǳĸоɽɢͨǿߵѹҲǸոͻƣѾǳȹˣԲܹӳȶͨѹ
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ԣǸûнɽϷϡ
εŴĴӳϱɽ֮Ǿ͸Ӽɽء
ԭǲôĵӣֶɲȡж
֪ɽǵû£ڳͨĻҲôˡ
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֪Ҫһͨǿߵ߼ǲܵģΨһİ취ϳ껣ȫȼʥһϣ
˵ţһХһɫľѾӰʵ塣
ͨľźܴ𣬻ɫƬԼɣڲӺͼϳһһĹǴֲ̣
ڴˣбȥ
ۿƴᣬҲߣһͬչֳԼʥ̥࣬һͷɫ˫ͷʨҡͷβĳֲʧ߷緶
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ɲǼ䣬Ȼ˱仯˫ʥӿצӰӣҲθ˺ܶ࣬էһ˺Ļ塣
ʥ̥֮ŻӵеһֶֹΣʥ̥ͱһñӵвʥ̥
ͬʱҲԼʥ̥˫ͷʨӺɹ֮˫۱óѪɽȥ
˶ȼʥսɱֲ֮ܿɽҰڵϣʺ
ЩͨҰȻ޷ֵʥ̥ѹܶСĶǷ׷ױΧһɵѪζ
ʥ̥壿
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˵ţɽ˫ֽӡһȣһ죡
һȣΧԪһӱÿ˲ȼγһֱӽͳ˻֮зա
ͨʥ̥Ψһǣʥ̥һ֮ţԹͨؼԪص
껺ͺѾһЩǾ뿪һ֮Żкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ʱɽȻʩչͨǿ߲ŶеĹһӾˡ
̺֮ŽľˮֲͬԪأܹٿκһ֣ǿͨǿˡ
Ԫнͻƻ֣ôҲû뵽ɽϸողͨǿĻԪأⳡսѾûˡ
ҲûԴУǷϣܹƻӳ졣
ৣ
ɽϹžûκα仯˫ӡһ䣬˲۳һѳԼʮɵĻ浶ź¡

ĴУ˫ֻֻצܹסһ
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ͽ͵ģ
浶̫޴ˣһ£ֱӽһֱնϣü£ֱӽꡣ
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⣡
һĻ껾ò䵽ȥǿȻɽƬ̶û֧˵ʲô
˵ҲУ
ʵ޼Ȼס϶Ҳס
һ̣ѾΪԼ³çΪˣϧҲѾˡ

껾ƴˣǺɽƴƴܣֻҪصأ߶صľ󣬱ϣסɽ
һ𣬳껽ʥ̥Ҳȼˣȼʥʥ̥Ҳһȼˣڹעһ̵ʱӳ죬ɡ
顭
ڻͻ񱩵ĹһɽҲܻˣȴʼ޷ƻ
ԶҺԪŵѾȫˣǴûмͨǿ߳֡
֮ǰΪͳǿѾǿʿˣֱ˿ǲ֪죬˵˼
Ҹƴˣ
ȼʥ̥Ҳ޷ͻƻ£ڶǿĵƣһ֣׳һ˺ɫᦡ
أأ
ʱ䣬󣬹ХĻƺ¶Ȳôˡ
ᦣ껣
һ껼˺ɫᦣɽɫ䣬ӡٱ䣬˲껼ѹȥ
ǳʱõһϹʱڵȴһа
ÿɱһˣ껱ؽ˵ӡУЩԩ˵ʤķ
̫а⵽ʿһµƣҪ껻ٵᦣ껵ʱµ̫ˣ˵ٵᦡ
û뵽ûлٵʱóˡ
ɱ
ɽһȣٴһ浶ų¡
껴󾪣ղŵ³Ŀ˵ģæȥֵͬʱеҪ
ȻɽᦺɱĴ㣬ƱҪ껻ɱȻܸκߵĻᡣ
ۡ
ڳ껾У浶£˲佫ɱ
ˣͳͳͳɽУ޵ֿ֮
ȫ
ӣ
·֪˭һ𣬳ҺԪŵξѣʧ룬ʼӡ




1139 ׳䣡
ɽǿƳƾһ֮ɱ껺ͺˣŵʣЩԪźͳҵ˻ɢ롣
Ƹı䣬ҺԪһǧɣ
ߣɱ
ͯ굺Ͽķǳ֪ҺԪŴȥ뵽Ҷļƻ󣬴һµչȫ淴
ȻҲ֪ҺԪѾȺףʵǿѾɽϻɱʣµЩѾΪ
ಡ
ͯƵһ£ԪϵĵӺͳһƻţչȫķ
ɱ
һʱ䣬ɱ죬ԪźͳҵսˣϾмʥ̥ĳ֧ţʱھȻɵɱ˸൱
Ȼ
ûע⵽һǳҶ̫ϳ֮˶ûг֣ҴĺҲûг֡
ɱ
ǰҵʱͻȻһĺɱ
ŭӰ֡
һӾӢӳ·Ӻɱл֮ơ
ۣۣۣ
֮䣬Ԫźͳҵ˱Ŵ˻ɱѪĽ
ƴˣ
Σʱ̣ԪźͳҵĳҲɱˣֱȼԪƴ
սʱ÷ǳң
Ԫźͳǿӳǿս
ʱ
䣡
ɽˣ˫һӣһ浶ն£˲佫ԪŵĳϺնɱ
ɽһ֣ٴηת䣡
Ӱ
ͨɽʣµĳҺԪųϡǷ׷׾ˣʱŰͿԴ󣬶Ǽɥ֮Ȯ̻©֮㣬
ɱ
ҺԪŵ˵һɽȵʱٴ⵽ӭͷʹ
ĺҶ̫һͯ糿˺һĳϡݴͣҺԪŵ˲ֻȻɱ
ۣۣۣ

һʱ䣬ѪŽҽ಻ϡ
ÿһҽдζһʹɢɽȣ;еǲ֫ϱۺͺ˵ʬ塣
ⳡսɸɽ붼ƽˣ촷ۣжһɲҵζ
ҺԪŵȺȺһƬһƬص¡
ˣʤƽȫб
ʵϣɽϽͳ˻ɱʱ򣬽ѾעˣֻҺԪŵҲ٣սʤҲҪһۡ
Ҷܲ£ɽҺԪŵ˰˽ӣСĴۻ˴ʤ
һʱɱһҺԪ˵ѪеʱɽȶѪȾˣѪ۳СӣʬͲ֫⵽ǡ
һսҶɱһΣûԹԼ˺飬ÿһȭһһˡ
սʱҶ˷·Ѫ̳һںڵͷ˸İɫϺ϶ѪѾȾ͸·
Ҷ磬û°ɣ
ͯ糿ѪҶʱ򣬶ʱһϽȥҶѪζץҶĸ첲ĵʵ
ҶҡͷʾԼû¡
~
ͯ糿ҶҡͷȻģֱȷûˣϵѪǵ˵ģŷ
һսҶѪҲòĶȥҶѪˣˣؿڱ˻һҪС˿ĬĬ˹С
һսɵĵ˵һõ
֮ս˵Ĳпᣬ㲻ɱ˾ͻᱻɱ
£ÿ˶ɱ¾Ļ
ȻһսմȫʤʧҲСϾ˫ʵ⣬ɽԷǿļնɱĻһս˭ʤ˭˵
ͯƿЩʧܹܵģϾһսɽ𡪡ԪҲûκһܹвɣ
ԭϢ»񣡡
Ҷļƻͯ˵ļˣû˵ԭϢ˵Ŀڷʥ֮ս
˵Ŀ˵Ļ£ȥȺϢ
ҶһɾĵطֱӱĿ˹ȻûˣԪĵķǳأ͸֧ˣҲǳƣۡ
ҶոϢƬ̵ʱʶͻȻ˵Сӣһˡ
ҵã
ҶһȦˣǵԼʲô簡ĵѰζϾ˭
ϺٺһЦȻѾͷˣ֪ʲô
ϵʱɽ˵ѣȻˣɣ
ɽĻ䣬һǻŮӣŻ磬˵ǰȻǾ۱ԪǵĸС㡣
ɲǼ䣬ɽϸӦ˱ҪǿϢʱٴУԴΪ㲻Ŀġ
ɽ飬ҲŽ׷¶˽䱸ɫϢҲϢˣ׷óԼһԲֵ̳ļơ
Ҫҿɲǵĵˡ
ɽԴӣȻһЦգŹķָۣҶҶܵܣҲң
ҲҪ֣Сǵˣ
ҶҲ㲻˿ֵĿģóûе⣬ȻܽɵĶơôһܱôһҪǿ̫ˣ
οҶкܶҪæ
ҶĻɽڣ˷׷׷ЩδȴһɻɻҶôʶǰʵǿŮ˵ġ
㣬ôˣ𣿣ھ󲿷ɻʱҶѯʵ
û¾Ͳ𣿡
鷴һ䣬ҶЩӣɵٴһЦýţϷġţϣûаһˣһʵĺϷ
˵ţ齫ĿٴתҶϣĵЦСܵܣǺưţֻԴŲܻøһЩͨϷҿߵúԶͬʱڴŴһˣ

һ˵֪Ҷй֮⣬˸ֲ֮便ʲôϵ
⣬СܵܣҪ֮ԼŶˣԵټ
£鲻ҶػҶ˸ۣƮȻԶȥܿʧ˵С
һʱ䣬˶ֲԸзŮ˺Ҷ֮便ʲôϵˣȴз׷Ľ
Ҷӣʵ֮ʲôԼΪʲôһ䣿
ߺζ״ץҶ˫ʵأһĻʳʲôǾԲݵġ
֣Ҷ챻ɢˣ
ҶЦŲ֣ҲûʲôռһЩҩͷȥ򡣡
ֻ𣿡
ʧһЩİԣȻֻһЩС¡
㻹
Ҷû֪ȴûнͣǷʡ
ٺһЦû˵ʲô
һԵͯ糿ǿʧķȻһüͷܿɿüͷɫָ
ϡϣǰҶļƻ¡ǸһˣǰҺԪţˣԾ󻼣
Ϣͯߵɽǰ֣ص˵
Ҷļƻ
ͯƵĻЩ֪ɵӣһԼͬؿҶ
һ̣ǵĿг𾪣Ǹо·ʣѵһУҶԤ֮У
Сʵ˴ң׳䣡
ɽڣӸ𸴡




1140 
ԪźͳҸֽȫ𣬴ȥʣµֻСĲһ
УɽһǳɵؽԪ̤ƽˡ
ˣԪѾԶسΪʷܶǵԪŵӷ׷׵꣬תͶɣΪΧĵӡ
ҲһЩԪĵӿƣͶţͼ
˳˳ң
űƽʱЦеģƵˣʵһҲĴҴСǧڣһû۵СӶͳˣسױΪƽأҶһ
һֱĵͨᱻԪ취ƿ
ԪűܽõıܣٶڣٵĵİΣˡ
˻ϲ˳
ŵŵ֪֮󣬾еĲ豭žһڵϣˤ÷顣
ļƻȻһսĶǳ󣬵ʱų䲻ĸƣΪԪΨһһӴš
Ȼ
û뵽ǣɾȻֻ˲һʱ㽫ҺԪγˣӦʱ䶼ûС
ˣӽ쿪ʼɽԪǿţֻܼβˡ
ŵһ˼ʮһ㣬̫ʦϣ૵˵

ɴӳҺԪŵıѹ˴ʯıֱӱһԾΪԪǿţʵھ޹
ҺԪŵıʵǶ࣬˶˿ռҲʱ䣬ŽӴıˡ
ŶѻɽսƷֵͯ۾ˣԭãֻҪûˣû뵽ҶĲ߻£Ϯ
һսҪ˵Ҷ
ó׿ͷÿһۣղСĴۻ˾޴ʤ
˳ҺԪţͯƾһ칦ᣬйĵӣţǵӳϣ۹͡
´Ĺ㳡ɽ˺ɵӳ˱Ҫķ֮⣬˼ȫˡ
λһ飬ϣҾֱʲôҲ
гϺͺĵӣӢȫ֮ͯվɨһ˵
ʲô龡˵ֻҪû˻ġųһһߴֵ˵
̫ϳϣλͯŻҪ磬Ҳֻ»˵Ĳ
һľǴĺˣĺͬҲһȽеˣôԼ
ںĵҶսе׿Խף飬ҶλгϯеĳһְΣͯ˵˵һ

ͯƵĻ£ټĹ㳡϶ʱŵӻŵӶڷ׷ۡ
һЩӢӺͲ֪ĳҲۣҶȻйţҹͲСϾŵʱ̫̣ʱΪǲЩε̫ˣ
ڴսʼ֮ǰμܻĳȴ֪ͯҶγһְԲԴһȵľǾ˼ǡ
սʼ֮ǰҶרҵͯƣҪٿһС͵ĺĻ飬ȻڻԼ뷨Ͳȫ˵һ顣
ҲμλĳǷ׷ΪҶļıкãİţεսʲôʱܽ˵ܷҺԪŶһδ֪
˵ܹ֮нĳɼɽûǲɵġ
ɱ˳ԪǿߣθĿ¾ˡ
Ȼ
ҶָӵҲزȱﾡõؽÿ˵ʵӵ˼£ڶ̶һʱ㽫Ԫźͳͬʱˡ
֧֣
ͬ⣡
ʵ飬Ҷϣ
ܶ೤϶׷ױʾͬ⣬Щԥһźɽ̫ϳ϶ͬˣҲûɷԡ
ţλϣ̫ðɣܵϣջ顣Ҷ൱⣬û뵽ͯƾȻϣæվƴǡ
СͲҪƴˣƾʵͶԱŵĹףϴ´࣬ƴǾԵαˡ
Ŵֵ˵Ҷ̫˽ˣȻһһ£һѾҶ˸ͨ͸
ô˵ҶЦһҲƴˡ
ȫƱͨгһͬҶγһְ
žž
㳡һҶʾءҶΪʷһλϣ
ͯŶսɱУսĵӺͳһһνһ㳡һһ˳
칦ǿʼϯ
ͯƵһ仰һζһ㳡ϰڿˮϯ
ҶҲ˳Ϸһöѫ£ʾʽΪɵһϣĳϡ
Ҷϲ㣬ȸΪ
ˮϯڿҶȴûкһǺһϣ̫һһٱҶʾףء
ллʦ֣
ҶƱ̫һһ£ڵɣһ
ҶϣԺЯһµӣ˼Ҿˡ
վһؿҶ˵ǵĻЦȴβˡ

ҶЦһ䣬ĿǰɣȻǳϣô㣬оҵľ㶼Һˡ
ޣ
ʱԭα¶ЦźҶʿһֻҪĻǾԺȲġ
Ŷˣǵһ£ȥȡ˶ĺþƣѵýˣǾƾͲˡ
ʱɽͻȻһԴ׼ϯȥȡԼѲ˶ĺþƣվʦ֣Сܸ֡
ˣһ֪㣿þƾûҼ֪ҲؾƵĵطһڶʣ¡
ôŲңЩί˵
ԣҾôŲ㣡
˵Ķ죬̿㳡ϱЦ
ܿɽ㽫Լضȡ˹˼ȣþƵ˺ȵǽһ
ҶոΪĳϣƵرࡣ
Ϊ˲ɨ˵ˣҶ߲ܣڵɣȵ쳣ˬ
Ҷû뵽ǣɽضľĵر죬ʿҲûɢʱҶѾȵ̱࣬ˡ
ͯ糿״Ѹ߹ȥҶȥϢ
СĵҶˤˣ
ȻɲŮò̫ˡ
СӲװռ˵İɣ
λΪϲĳǿͯ糿Ҷϯʱ̲ס٩䡣
ͯƿϲϣҶΪ˺ǱǳصģͬʱóŮͯ糿һŷѾϵҶϣҶͯ糿ƺҲᡣ
һ£ͯ糿Ҷһ෴ʮ֧֡
ʦ塢ʦ˵ʲôѽ˵Ͳˣ
ͯ糿ԣһɬշգæҶŶȥ




1141 仨ˮ
ɽԪźͳγвƸѹһգٰ칦磬ɽһƬϲ־󣬳Ҷͯ糿ϯ֮⣬˺ȵ
һУֻΪЩһֱһǳľأȻԾ֮һʵϣеλѾ᧿Σˡ
Ҷɽ֮ǰɶԪŴܷõζûб̫ϣ
ϾȻ̫һȷǳţԪŵХ֡ŵһЩġ
Ȼ
ԴҶ֮ÿĽþݣ̶̰ʱһŵӳɳΪĵӡ
һٶԪŴĹھΪ˷ǳ
θǰԪźͳһټѸٳΪԪǿţһеһУҶġ
һУҶϣҳΪ칦ϵľǡ
һ£Щͯ糿ĵӣͯ糿ҶϯҲûбʾķڷҶǸʸͯ糿һ
Ͼˮϯɽûмˣ굺ҲһƬ
ȻҶǳǿ׳ͯ糿Ͼʿһ˷лûġ
굺ͯ糿ܿͽҶճͱչصĶҲҶס
λ굺ϵĶÿһʱ䶼רŵɨڱչص²Ųɨ
ҶǺܸɾģʯʯʯģȫȻªȴһʿסĻ
ͯ糿Ҷеʯϣƽ漴ŪһʪëһˮʪëҶһȻιˮڴͷ
СҶûкǰٶľƶƳҵϵЩƣôҲɽҺ
ҶҲûпȥ˹ƾƣϾϲӣ˹ƾƾͲֱӲˡ
һҶһκȶˣһֱƽʯϲŸо˺ܶ࣬ʶȴԾģġ
˯еҶƽȣɫ꣬ȥǳӢһʯ̶һ㡣
ͯ糿ڴͷҶ˯ճյؿţԽԽϲ
Ҷ磬еĿǡ
Ҷ˯Ӣͯ糿鲻Խ˵ӦңִĻҿܾҪҸʧ֮ˡ
һֱͯ糿ѹԼĸ顣
£һͱ㴰ֽҶܾ
ղ˵Ķƽʱ˵ȴв˵ĻΨҶ˵ŸҷĴ󵨵¶
ҶˣΪʲôҪһŮȿأѵͲ˵𣿡
˵Щʱͯ糿֪ҶȻо̡
ҲǿڿʣҲں̫ľƣ촽ЩɣҶǵͷһ촽һͯ糿üӿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ΢΢촽ͯ糿кС¹ײһ̣鲻ԽĸȥҶ촽
Ƭ촽Ӵһʱ򣬷·׹˵ػͯ糿һֱӷҶϡ
ৣ
Ϊ֮ҶѾ̫û˽ĽӴŮˣȻѾˣ˵ıܻڣԾĿʼӦһѽͯ糿˻Уסͯ糿㴽ͷʶ˿ǣһ˽ȥ
š
ͯ糿һȫˣ˵ҶУҶռĳǡ
ģδйκνǾҶ£ʼһӦҶ̣
һֱͯ糿ϢˣǿŲ촽
Ȼ
ոմһҶ촽ûٺ͸ղһһţҶԺţҰ㣬Ҳ뿪ˡ
ৣ
ҶĻͯ糿׻ɫ䣬ԭ̵˲佩Ӳ
һ̣˶ȫˣһƬհףɫˢһ±ò԰ޱȣǴɬؿҶ
ңҡҶһлȻ֪ٴ˵
ٴҶĻͯ糿оѣе롢Ȼ޴棬˫۷죬ˮۿдת
ţҪҶĻѳҶܹ֮ѵģ
ͯ糿޷ҶܱһǰҶŪˣ
ţ
ҶۣԼȻͯ糿˵Щˣʱסˡ
ѵղҺС硭
ҶԼˣæ˵ԲС磬Բһ쵰Ҳԣһ㸺ģҡ
㲻õǸҲûжʲô
ͯ糿ҶĻŬƽԼ飬ҶԼʹͻңŮĶǲģ顣
ûʲô
ҶһԼʲôûĻΪʲôͯ糿ղһ飿һɷףҵĲţϵ·ҲǳңѵԼľʲôҲû
ңղžʲô£
Ҷɵӣͯ糿ıܿܶԼôʲôҲûĻͯ糿ıӦ÷ǳȻŶԡ
ûʲôֻղк֣˭ܰ𣿡
ͯ糿仰ʱлһ˿ңҲŮѾأֻҶеһŮʵвҲ˵

ҶıһͬʱҲͯ糿Ϊʲôɫ˵Ĳ԰ס
֪ͯ糿Լ⣬ȴʼ޷ȥԡ
ΪҲڵϵľ
С磬Ҹ㽲һ£
Ҷͯ糿ԼĶ棬õͳĹһְ汾ͯ糿һ顣
Ȼˣʡ˵ϵһУǸĵԼһСɽУͬʱҲı˱ץߡ
Ȼ±ıĿȫǣȴһҲûиı䡣
˰ɣ֮ԻẰΪҵİˣҴֿİˡ
ԭѾˣѹһֱұž룬ˣͯ糿ɬ˵仨ˮˮ仨˱л
ȻΪʲô˵أ
ͯ糿֪ԼʱӦ˵ҶǿƲסԼǽ鱻ˡ
Թ˭
ԹҶ
ǸԹԼ
ֻ֪֪ҲһŮҪҸö࣬ƺӦԹʲôˡ
ԲС磬Ҳ˵Ҳ˵Զʹҿرţǲȥ
ҶͳԶʹԸἰʹ
˵Բⲻ㣬ֻԼһԸ
ͯ糿ؼһ˿ЦݣȻܳҶĶ
С硭
Ҷֱۣ죬Ҫջǳ̾һͯ糿ȥˡ


1142 ʱ뿪
칦Ѿ˶ɢȥصԼסΨͯһ
һսͯƳ־ҶܵļƻͲ£СĴۻʤ
Ӵ֮ԪݣɽִţĸܹλҲС
һеһжҶøд˲ǱޣԺͳǸҲһܱȵġ
Ѿ뵽ˣԼ֮ɵ֮λøҶɳߵĵλ
ţҶȥɵĻɵĽȻһƬûκһܹɲв
Ȼˣ޵۹;۱ʥػߵ塢ϴӴܼڡ
ԣ˶ɢȥ֮ͯƲûϢɢΧľ¡
һ̣ͻȻãԼɽеľ۾б
ͯĪϲãһ̣·һ㣬ƺĳؼĹԵĶ
Բȱʱļֻأκһΰ漣࣬һһľһͨʯͷԼڵ塣
ͯԼ֪һ̣ƺȻ֮Уһʿ˵ǿĻ
û˴ŵĻָоʱԽΪľ벻ĺô
Ȼ
ͬһʱ䣬뿪ҶĶ֮ͯ糿·˻һججĿĵɽϵߣ֪䣬Ȼͯڵ塣
ţ
Ȼͯ糿ǰӭͯƣæȥߵˮװʲôҲûзӣǿЦӭȥ
ȻȻ֮֮УͯƶŮĵиӦģǸŮ֮صӦ
С磬ôˣûҶ磿
ͯƲûвŮǿջЦЦŴȤһ䣬ŮҶֱһԶ
׵ģŮĻ׾ְ̫ˡ
ҶˣҪϢǲҪĺã
Ҷ֣ͯ糿ĪһʹΪ˲ø׿װµӡ
ͯûвͯ糿쳣Ц˵С簡׼ٿȫԱĴᣬʽҶ³˫㿴ô
ףҪ
һ˵ͯ糿æԣ֪ҶѾˣҶΪѣҶԸҶΪѡ
οҲ֪ǿŤĹϲ
ҶϲͲ־룬Ҳк֡
ôС磬㲻ǺϲҶΪʲôܾҲóҶҲ㲻Ӧþܾİ
ͯƵɴ۾ͯ糿ʮֲ⣬ͯ糿ΪʲôܾԼ顣
һͯƵǿһЩߣͯ糿·ͷ˿Щҡ
ֻҪǹ˾ܿһЩ
ѵ
ͯһ뵽˲õĵطʱüëˣɱһʵС磬˵ʵǲҶղŶʲôȻֲ㸺ĻҲȣ
ΪףͯľԼŮСͯ糿һǻ˵ã
ǣףҪҲºòã
ͯ糿Ȼܲµ˵ʲô˼ɵúˣ뵽ղһУɫһ۾˵ҶѾϲˡ
ʲôСӣȻѾϲˣ˭
ͯƳɵˣôҲû뵽ҶȻѾˡ
ͬʱҲеܺ棬ʲôŮȻҶͯ糿ĸ鶼ܾˡ
ףҾ쿪ʼչأһֱŴʼ
ͯ糿ʣ̸ȥˣȻ֪ûϣʹʹԼǱչأ˵Ľʱȥһеĺá
ಣ
£ͯ糿ͯƻػһԼչصĶȥˡ
ͯ糿Զ֮ͯԽԽòǸζȻŮԸ˵ȥҶʲôŮܹԼŮ㡣
뵽ͯ˿ֱͣ굺Ϸȥ
ٶȣܿ굺ϣ굺ϵĸ֣û˱ŸϤˡ
ܿͯƱҶչصĶſڣſڲûйϱ㾶ֱ˽ȥ
ҶС˵Ѿ˭Ҷֱͯӿżɽ˵Լ⡣
ţġ
Ҷϵ˻һĻĬƬ̣Լͯ糿˵Ĺٴͯظһ顣
ǸٵĹ£Ҷֿ˵ţҲͿˣһֱڻرθ飬һֱС統Լһ
ҶĽ֮ͯҲĬˣŮΪץˣ֪䲻ΪһˣҶôܷŵݸ顣
һ˲䣬ͯƶҶŨҵͬ飬ÿӢ۵жһݲΪ֪¡
ǺðɣȻҲǿ㣬ҿԸһŵֻҪܹҵǸˣɵ㶯á
ͯƶҶԼĳŵҪСɵȻ˵ɵȷЩ΢Ԫ˵ɵϢǷǳͨġ
ллţһϣԼȥҵ鷳Ϊһ£Աĵ˵ƽ
Ҷǲ붯ɵ±ģڻڵϣȻܶɵˡ
úϢɣԺ˵ֻҪõţһǾ仰ɵ
֪ͯǿŤĹϲ𣬸²ǿ󣬱ûͼȰ˵Ҷ
ҶظԸǳͣһܹ֮ǰֿˣȻҲԼš
෴ҶԸͯƸϲͯΪԼһõӶҡ

ڶ죬ͯƵͯ糿Ҫչص飬Ҫκ˲ôţıչأͻơ
Ϣ̷ˣ˶ΪһҶܾͯ糿ʾ飬ͯ糿ѡչصġ
ͯ糿ǻúöԸô͵ȥչⲻϳ
ɽ˷ǳ⣬ǾΪҶͯ糿һԶôأ
λ̫ϳΪŪеԵɣɱҶѯʡ
Ҷ֮ǰͯ˵Ļٴ˸һ飬Ȳֹ׷׸̾޳
ĺûѯԭΪ֪ҶʲôȻԭĿģҪֻ֪Ҫ֧Լͽܾˡ
Ҫʱ뿪һʱ䣬ȥĥһˣ
ɽȥıӰҶ̾˿Ϊ˱ΡѿҪʧһʱ䡣
֮⣬ãԪȻܹԽͬʱҲʧȥսеĥǾȥһ
·Ҫʬ




1143 ǿĺ̨
ɽԪݵһɽŵڵأɽƣƣһɶõء
һգɽһɽͻȻӿֳһǿϢ
ŵһĵˣ
ԴŴصźѡ˱չء
Ϊ
Ŵʶ˲֮
֮⣬Ҷ׿ıҲǿʤ֮ġ
ҶţȻȻһЩϸ΢Ĳ࣬ҲӦô
Ԫؾ֮еʹ˼ʹΪԼִ̫ڸֹϵ֮ƽ⣬Ҷ˭İ
ҪǣΪʿӦľԼʵΨʵиĻȨ
ָı䣬ŵŲûκεĲˣоο
Ҳ̫ˣһʿ˵ģܹȻԪ˵Ǻ¡
αչջܶ࣬ӱÿһϸڣԪؾеĸ򣬶зǳ̵Ӱ졣
ʶʱʶֶǳֻϧʶ汻ҶˣʶȻܹһ¥
ˣ깥طҲεıչ֮иһ¥αչջ
ţҺԪŲȡ˰ɣΣ
֮ҵţѯĿǰԪݵơ
չ֮ǰжϣɱ𣬵˿Ȼ֪յĽ
ҺԪѾˡ
̾˿ȻѾȥЩˣȻһͬλһ㣬˾òʵԪݵĸ֣һҹ֮ͷ˱仯
ô
ֱԼĶ䡣
ԪԪǿһҲΨһһܹſǿ壬ֶԸӦúŶԡ
ɵɽͻһΪͨǿߣԪźͳҵ涼ֻǰ벽ͨѣֶɽĶֱ֣ӱɱˡ֮Ԫźͳɵķ޵ֿ֮ͨʵ̫ǿˣ
ŵȻûĿõʱ龰ڱ˵ҲһЩټҲǰ벽ͨǿߣԶսĽ𾪡
ͨͰ벽ͨҼҼڶô򵥣ͨϰ벽ͨŰɱݡ
С
ٴŵĻɵõһȻһǵ˵ʦĻɿ˵Ԫݳ޹ǿǼԸô죿
һ仰û˵ǾŵȻеȣԪŶ˻ںһ
һɺŶ־ʢǿ׳ʱŷ𹥻ĻűȻᲽԪŵĺ󳾣Ǹʱ򣬿ԪݱֻһҶˡ
Ǻǣ㲻صģɾڸǿҲҶš΢΢һЦԵ÷ǳš
ΪʲôѵŻʲôĵƲɣЩ⡣
ڵʵӦòֽ̫ţ£ûɲҶְ
˵ͳˡ
̾˿Ż˵źݵйϵϵɲǶ֣ǰҲȥ˼ҡ
ݡң
κˣһŵؿԼʦ
½϶˵һݣԪһɽ֮Ǻޱ߼ʵˡ
ݿɱԪݴ̫ˣǿ֮һ
иһЩӴ˿ھ޵۹Ӵ
ǿ
û֮һ
ʷƾã򶼸ٹ̣ʷ˵ҳûгһ֮⣬͵Դͬƾãÿһһ˸ǿ߳֡
ǰ꣬ұһţһܳĵӣʮʥ̥ɹǻʥ̥ݣ
츳ǸˣɫΪ˿ʥ߳ʥŮ
Ȼûгֹۣ͵Ĺϵȴǿ֮ҵĳǱԼСžš
ʥ̥ɹ󲻾ñ㽫˵ҵһţʽΪ˵δޡ
һԼǿĻֱ˵ȣʵ͵λ֮ǣռݵһĽΣ˿Ժλ
ܹʥؿ֮ƣ
һԺк֣ܿΪһʿҽҵ˽ȱ˸ࡣ
ôҲû뵽žȻһȻϵ
⡭ʵ̫ˣ
ûݵң
ٴ̾˿õͳ˵׼ȷ˵ŵʦүˡ
ʲʲô
ֱɵˣôܣǺεȵҫʦүĸˣȻܵԪƵطһţ
㲻þȣҵ֪ʱ򣬷ӦҲࡣ
ſЦһŵ׼ȷ˵ŵʦүʵҵһ˽ӣΪݵԵʣ⵽ǵżʹѹ֮£ʦүֻ뿪ң뿪ݣԪݴţҪŷϴˢĳ衪Ҫ֤Լ
ȻʦүĺԸδʵ֣ŷչҲһˣҲõҵϿɣ֮ǰǰңΪҵĸʱŰʦүµѵδͬ⡣
ջ˳ȥźҵĹϵҲ֮ȥһ£Ҫ˵ɣ޵۹ĴҲҶǡ
ԣ㲻صŵ⣬ĵıչȡһŴ֮ǰ깥طͨ͸ԱڴܹʣҲΪʦүһ
֪ˣʦģһŬģ
ⷬ˵д󶨣ٵźԼİΣһɫ
ţֻҪúõĶùܣҪʲô˵ŻȫҪ󡣡
ſԼĵӣһο
Ĺϵ΢ʦͽϵҲӹϵ
࣬һ¶ĸ޳Եˣʱ·
һͼ֮ȻǰѵһţǺʶϼѡ
ǸʱΪͽϤĴ֮似
Ҳǳ̿棬ϸһǧܿ㳬ԽͬʶڶΪһš
лʦ
ϹлһݵŴҲҪΪʦүһҪѹҶʵ˭Ԫĵһţ




1144 
ʱˮ֪УԪźͳұѹȥʮա
ڹȥʮԪЩСľս»ḰҺԪŵĺ󳾡
һУǼΪעɵһһ
ɡ
Ҷ˼ıչ֮ĺڵɽ塣
ʦ׼ȥߣһҶĺ󣬿żɽ˵Լ뷨
ȥһҲãԺĳɳкôΪʦ㣬ҪסȫҪмɲɳǿκʱҪȱסԼ⣬ҪŴʱ䡣
ĺȻᣬҲ֪ȦϻҰͣʿҲһ
ҵĻԶǽ۵ģҶעǳ֮Ҫ뿪ģȥһҲá
ĺ̲סҶһŴܷͿҶıˡ
İɣ߶ԶԶҵļңΪǵӵı֣Ҳǵġ
ҶӦķǳˬ죬Ҳ֪ĺȥȥѶκ˶Ȱġ
Ǿͺãʲôʱ߾ߵʱҪ˺Լ˵һǺΪ׳С
ĺ֪ҶϵӥԶɣԪݣ½Ϊ̨
Ҵ⼸ߣ׳оͲˡ
ҶͷȻЩĺʵʦҺ֣ɿ˵Ƕ־˲żüãźһڸ߲㳤ΪβһֱӽҲˣͳһԪݣ
ΪǲҪǲĺԣЦһȻźҵĹϵҶ˵һ飬汾Ȼų˵вͬϻһµġ
ԭˡǿϧ
ĺĽ֮Ҷϧ
еϧͬʱҲòϣȻԪǿˣ򣬻ϲ̨Сţ˵½ˡ
Լ֮ͽŸոտʼδ·ܳҲӵļѣ˾
ǾͺñԪڵѾǿˣ磬ͨǿġ
ȻԪ˵ͨѾǳǿˣǺʥءϴں͵ǿ϶ѡ
ʦĺϽ˽̸֮Ҷȥͯƺ̫ϳɽ˴С
ɽϵû˵ʲôҶѡٷְ֧֣ΪҶо֮ȻѾҶһ˫Ϊл񣬵ܾǷҶܶࡣ
ͬûΪҶ֪һʿ˵ζʲô
ҶȻԪڣʵսܹʥ̥ڿ⣬նɱʥ̥ڵǿҲڻ¡
£ûɲҶȥ
ͯҺἰͯ糿飬ջǿû˵ڣҶѿϾⶫǲǿġ
գֻҶǧܵŴҶ֮ǰϻ
СҪһ죬ǸʽͯҶ
ţˣֲǲˣøô¡ء
ҶЦãĵߣκ֪ģ־òףԸĺɽͯƺŴкȴֵǷ꣬ŵ˶֪
Ǻðɣ̫һҲ˵һɣǼϼһͲˣЩСһ㡣
֪ͯҶԸ񣬲ϲȻֻܾա
š
ҶͷҲбҪ̫һһ¡
뿪壬Ҷֱҵ̫һ˵ԼĴ㡣
ðҲȥһҪǽͬаɣ·ҲиӦô
һ˵Ҷȥһ£۾һһֵļһʵʵıչΪˡ
ʦ֣˵㣬ӦĥһԼӣǳʥ̥Ĺؼʱ̣˳ȥʵʵŴţʥ̥ɹ֮ٳȥҲ١
ҶЦѵһ£κ˸ԼΪڳȥ֮ǰҪɽԼܡ
ңαԪؾ֮Ѿʥ̥ļҲȷʵ˳ȥˡ
̵Σ˵Ҹʱʥ̥֮ĺҶһ
̫һ΢΢һЦʦܣͱȥˣҲҪʥ̥ˣǱһ£˭ʥ̥ɹʥ̥ƷҪòС
Ⱦͱȣһ㲻ɣ
൱֮ǰҶûʱ̫һ˾Ͳ£̫һӮҲҪһֽŲС
ҶӣҪˣͲҪȥˣֵ˺úúȵ㣬͵Ǹˣֵܱչأʥ̥ء
֪Ҷһȥˣ˺úúһҶߵʱǾͲȥˡ
ã
飬ҶȻͬ⡣
һҹҶ̫һ˰ѾԻƵƵٱ
칦ʱͬһҹҶ˺ȵľƣĵرģһ˺

ڶһ磬ɫкڣҶĵ뿪ɣɽ
֮ǰȥӡͨͨǸɽȿ
һӡûɶ費Ҫӹһ¡
ߣҲܲٴĸϣ
Сĸ׶˵ֻһ֪ĸ׾ʲôӡ
һֱĸףһܹĸӵ
һ磬֪Լĸûָоǿң
~
ɭһ֣޳û˻಻ΧûʲôǿޣһЩԪҶһжŲһſ޺ˡ
ҶԽԼϢͷ˳
һܶСֱӾͱܿȥ鷳
Ҳǿǵģ֪ЩǲǵģΣյĸ֪رС
һ·ϣҶ߱߻һԼ͵͵ǰͨ;зĵεΣ겻ѡ
ʱʵԶԶڣȴӦĸ׵Ϣֻϧջûܼһ棬ǳź
һηǳ˳û̫Ѳޣһн˿г̣ȴ֪ܷһԼĸס
Ŷĸ׵Ϳĸ׵ǿԸҶٴǸСɽȡ
һΣɽ֮пһˡ

һĻҶĵ̾˿һԼʱĵεΣһᣬ
ϣܸӦĸ׵Ϣ𣿻ܷжǷ磬Ƭ̹Ҷع񣬲ĵسʵ
ûϢҲûٻϲԸҶһ˿룬Ըƭ

ҶЩʧͱˣֵܿ
ĳԣҲѣȻãҲûа취
ָҶִе֪͵ͨӡû˿ɶ
ҶĲ١
~
ڴʱ
һһͷڵͻɽ˹һȷ硣

Ҷһͺȣһ˫΢ֱ֣źڻķ
ͷڻϢѾжϳⲻһͷԪڵޣӾ˵һġ
顪
촫ڻ˵ҶǰʱҶȭ磬һȭкڻԴ
ۡ
Ѫ𣬺ڻԴֱӱҶһȭҵϡãʹ˱
һȭɱһͷԪڵĺڻҶ˿ûΪⲢܴʲô
ᳵ·ؽͷӴĺڻƤǣ׼⣬һ١
ſĻᣬҶϸһСɽȸֲûʿĺۼ
ˣų׷
Ȼ֪Ҫص򿴿
ĹҶͻȻӿֳһͷԭƽˡ
Ķˡ




1145 
ͷ֣Ҷд
˵һ磬عԪϵʿ޷ģ򽫻عɱ
һΰ޷⣬ҿסعĽɱҲܻᵼµعȣ벻ıʡ
Ҷ֪ԼصĻѾˣ˿ѾԪڵΪò˶þҪʥ̥ʥ̥
һʥ̥ɹ޷ٻصˣպܹʵһߵľ磬ܹƿصط򣬷ĻľҲûϣˡ
ϣԾڵĻָ״ܷ֮ͨٷӡ
Ķ֮࣬Ҷ侲ʳؼһ㣬ͨ޷ӡܻȥġ
ԣҪľһЩҷӡʱֻ߷ӡȷҪӡ𣿡
ϵⷬһҶĬˣ仰˼ڵ޷ӡģҪӡͱصӡ
仰˵Ҷ֮󣬿ռͨһֱţʱбֵĿܡ
⣬⿪ͨӡٴηӡͨҪξڵʵ̫ˡ

ȨҶջѡ˷ðգռͨ飬һ֪һݰȫ
źҶ뿪Сɽȡ
~
ͬʱɽԳ仢Х޲ϵ˻ţƺÿ춼뱻ԵһĻĻ
ɽмشԶûдﵽĵش֪ɽʲô
˵ɽʥأȴδ˽ȥ߿˵ȥ˶ûл߳
֪Ҷ뷨֮ĳĸСӣıôأƾڵʵ߰ͻΣաɽʿĽأͱȥˡܴﵽߵΪϣһ̽
ϵĻҶֻ÷˼ͷɲðգ֪ðա
Ȼ޷룬Ҳû취صһˣҶ뿪ط֪ԽԽá
ѡһҶһ·ɱһȥ
пռоڵռڣҶ˷һ㶫ɱ޶
ʱ䣬Ҷڵɫʱ߳ɭ֣ǰһмʮ˼ҵСׯ
ͰʯͷéϿմɢһʳе
԰һľһҶ˵ϵĵεΣڵҲƵĴׯ
ܿ죬ҶУҶһǳͨĴӣڴһƬĹ㳡㳡뻹һᲱһͭӡ
ҶпһԺţŵһʵߣȻ뷢߰ˣȥԾɾ塣
ϲ·ˣʲôط
ҶżɽҲ֪Լɽг֮󾿾ʲôط
ʯͷ尡
߻ΪҶӵ֣󷽷ĸ
ʯͷ壿ʲôݣ
Ҷӵֻ֣Ȥٴοʵ
ŶɽıԵشݣ㲻𣿡
ҲЩ˼ֱӽҶý˷䣬˵ۿͺˣ㻹ûԷɣԵ㶫·ɡ
ллϲˣϾҪˡ
ҶǣΪóҷǳƶҲԼ߾Ҫӡ
ţ
Ҷת׼뿪ʱ۾ͻȻһڴϵһСŮˡ
СŮӣƼݣͷǽƵɫڴϻԲѡ
ĲСŮСŮϾȻɢһɵɷ֮
ԼǴ֮壬ɷ֮ǳУһСŮôɷϢ
һӦҶȷԼжϣСŮ϶Ǳɷ֮ˣԲ
ɷ֮ǳһƲʱСŮӡ
СŮƾɵɾıϣҶѲ³СŮȻߵŮ֮ġ
ɣŵС𣿡뵽ҶʵǰÿͣСŮӲ
ৣ
һҶСŮ飬̲סɫһȦһ죬ݺύϵ
Ҳ֪ǰ죬һɽҩҲ֪͵ʲôҰͱӣҲԶһЩҽȴԶĲ޲ߣҪиʲộôȥĸĸ
˵Ĵ߸̲סݺᣬж᲻ᵯֻδĴ˼һӾ̫飬ĵĵطҲ˵һʧ̬
ϲȱģҲһЩҽܷСÿ
Ҷа̾ɷ֮һεúõģ˵΢һЩҩҩҩҲҪķһֽŲκá
Ҷȴ£ΪҶ˴֮壬ɷ֮Ŀǡ
κö
û뵽ҶôᣬȻҲҽ˿Ѿûκΰ취ˣֻҽҶԡ
ʱ߶Ҷĳƺˡ
ҶûעЩֱ߽˷С
ɲǼ䣬Ҷܵһɳǵĺ⣬ֺһȻӴȻս
Ҷȴ⣬ɷĺκβֺ
зյʵʵл¯ӣˣϵСŮԾɫࡣ
߽ˣҶСŮǳɰֻǿڳʱӪԵ΢Щ㲡
СŮ۽ëֻܳЩ˿ʱпȥ
಻ԡ
Ҷв̾һΪԼһЩҽһЩԵĲҩƣⲻ֪ɷ֮Բҩûá
ûԥҶֱӽƿְСŮϣô֮ͬʱְĵ߶ڴ֮СŮڵɷ֮Ƴ
֮ɷ֮ĿǣҶҲϰɷȭɷ֮ǳ˽⣬һյʱ֣СŮɫ
ţҶصĴ֮룬һɷ֮ȫɾˣһеļͨˣһ塣
Ƭ̣СŮĽë£Ĵ۾ЩԻؿҶ
šϺͷˡ
ͬʱͨһ˫ϥأҶал


1146 ҽ
ϲʹá
Ҷû뵽ϺȻԼ¹򣬸Ͻ겻ѡ
ҽġ
ڵʱҲιֵʱ򣬻ߵļҲǸм㡣
ܰĸס
Դӽ֮󣬺ܾûָдˣԼһʿ֮⻹һҽߡ
磬ллңǸˡСŮʮִµҶ
˿̣ϵɷ֮Ҷô֮ȫƳҶְͨ˼ľһñ˻Ҫԭ԰׵СҲú˵ģһ˫۾˸ͯ档
ˣûʲôöдһֻҰãһӵģԵƬ̣ȥһ⡣
Ϻ˵ţҶƴǣֱӽһƾɵϣԼֵߵߵȥæˡ
磬Ϣһ£ȥүүæСŮҶһˮȻǰæ
Ȼǰġ

ҶЦãһӣҲ߽˳׼ϺСŮ¶һ֡
ˣôˣȥͺá
Ҷ߽ϺϽ䣬Ҷҽô϶Ϥ
ûϵϲҲҸһҼĲǳ
ҶǵûгȥֱϺߣɨһ۳еʩ̲ס̾˿
ǿüͽıݣгһֻոհƤҰ֮⣬ֻһιӺһЩҩϣǽϹһЩ˵Ƥҩġ
ϺػҶӹϺеҰãַĽȻǻгС飬ˮá
ΪҽͽܣҶԿԳƵʤڸֲҩҩҩԼζǳϤ
ڱǲҩоͿãвҩкܶ඼ǿϵģû֪ȴҶ
ϺͶĿɿڴıУҶѾһ⣬ɫζѣž˸ʳ
㰡
˱ԼָĿˮҪˡ
ԵƬ̣Ͼͺã
Ҷת߳˳ڷ丽һЩζĲҩϴһ£гɶһ漴֭һܣʱһ˱ǵζС
һٷҶϺүĹϵǢ˺ܶ࣬ɰҶ̲סԶڵϵ˾ͽˮ
˶ôû˿ĻܹԵñ߾Ҹ
үүҶţȥˢ롣
Сǳɶ£Թ֮ʰ꣬͵ȥϴˢ
ҶипǧڵϣСŮ氮֣µ͡
Сȴֳ䲻ĹɺͶ£˵ĺ統ң
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ʱ
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ӣˣ
Ϻӳ߳һЦݵλСҶ·ġ
Ŷ
˵Ҷʾ·ˣλ׳ʱȻˡ
ȻӲ󣬵ڿɭ֣һЩҪȥɭȥðյʿ·
ӣɱСλС磬ĲǱκõģܲܺö˵أ˵Ƕľˡ
ϺҶСλ׳Խһ£ŶҶ˵ˣǴԻ۵Ķӣ۲ޣƽʱûܼү
λ׳֣ҶֳҲͦģ۲ޣǿ𣿿ôأ
壬
˵ĹСİһ߳׳¡
һĻ׳۲ӲԼϣСԴˣû˲֪
ڽϣȥԵʱרһСû뵽ھȻܹˣֱ̫ˡ
ҶκõģҽҲ̫˰ɣ
ʵǰš
Сɣˣ۴˻СǳϲСҵôͬķģĺá
׳۲ޱһ¿ƢǺëըСȴ簮
Сںҳ˲óԵĶΨһĴϺ޲ߣû뵽ȴҶκˡ
ҶС磬ллСһղʵڶԲסһˣϣҪһʶ
۲ȻԸЩ֣ҲѪԺӣǷǻǷֵģҶСľˣȻҪΪղԼçײǸˡ
۴磬˵ҲΪϲİȫ룬ġ
ҶһҲӹ԰˵ܹΪͨһЩ飬ܿģСĹɶ£Զڵϵĸˮипǧ
־̫ˡ
۲¶ЦݣͻȻһԴˣǴ˲ٵҪڴĵĿյϾ칦ᣬʱմ塢Сһȥǲ顣
أ
Ҷһ㶣СӾѾǳƶˣѵû칦ᡣ
ҶɻϺһµˣģӽɭ֣Χû޵ģһЩͨҰޣӾͿԺͲһЩҩΪÿضʱ򶼻һ칦ᣬһȾƳһͥһ
룬ҶȻȻͬ⣬ʿǿģѵ׽ͨˣͨĻᡣ
ҶӦ׳۲ҲͲͣǺãҾڴ빧ˣҪСϢ˵һ£Ҳôҵˡ
˵꣬۲ޱ߳СԺʧ𽥺ҹɫС
ߺϺʰһ¼ҪСһûв·ȴҲ
СǸɾȴС·Ҷ̲סЩᡣ
ϲĸĸ׷ʲô飿
ҶСǰĿյϺʵ




1147 Ԫ
⻰˵ɾͳˣ
Ϻɫһ̲ס̾˿ʯͷ˶ΪģֻʵûԵ˲ŻһЩҩάơ
Сĸĸʱʯͷ֣ܳÿγȥԱȻܹض顣һΣ˲֪ΪʲôȻŴ͵͵ɭǿޣں޴սĹвѣƲСΪ
󱯣ɥĸɥޣɥӣϺȫˣһһѵѪʷ
ڴǲûΪСĸĸð˿Ĳ
෴Сĸĸʱ˼ܹǵĶݣҲ֪ͼϺСǳãʱܼһ£ǲڰ
ټϺҩĵҩԴ˽⣬˭ԵĹ˻ܸơ
ϺգԼҲʱɽһЩҩĻȡһЩƷǿܹգȻԣ̸ˡ
һֱڣϺԾ벻ͨԼĶӺͶϱΪʲô˶ǰôΣյɭ
ϾѾȥˣϺȻ⣬ҲֻεĽʵȥԼĶӵʱôˡ
ɭΧһͷҲ̫ǿ˶Ҳûһƴ֮
ɵʱˣֶͨˣûκΪһǿޣСѾˡ
˵䣬ҶϺС˱λڴĿյϣƬյز൱һС͵Ĺ㳡
ƽʱǸȫĵطһЩ飬
ȻˣҲ칦ĵص㡣
Ҷʱ򣬿յѾȼ˼ȼյЩŮæŽҰϴɾָɴСȵϾĿ
⣬յص룬Ҷķһǳ׾Ķһ𿴲Ĵ󶦡
󶦵·ȼ𣬴Ӷвϴǽ󶦵õĴˡ
Сյͱ˵Сȥÿ˶ǳ۰СҲǳ𣬸㣬岮Ľиûꡣ
һʼ۲˵СĲѾȫˣ˻ЩŰɣ˿̼СõӣɻҲʧˣҶ顣
ܶ˶óõĿ⣬ҵĺþдҶȻѾԹˣҶ˴ĺ⣬ſĳԺ
ΪһʿҶǷǳֲģ˵ЩǸһͷţܳԵ¡
۲޺ʹһ˲ϵҶƣлκСĹֲһʱĿյַǷ
һЩϱǻΧǶе赸ҶֶĿһµĸо
ǵ赸Ŵɾ䣬赸ƽʱԵĹһЩļ򻯺
Ա㣬Ҷо÷ǳ˼ӲУҲԼЩЩԺļͻᰤ
һ뵽ЩĲ̣ΪԼЩƶĴκεʧˡ
뵽ҶϴӿռóһԪؾеõҩҩͨ˵ĹЧǳ׽ϴĹЧ
ҩɢŨҩ㣬סζ
顭ҩ
ϺһЩҽҩζУһ±㿴Ҷеҩѡ
ৣ
һ̣ӵ˽ĿͶҶ
ţҩԵζǿЧǵҶЦЦ
ʲʲô
Щ׳һ𾪲ѣʮּƽȥԣҪì֮Ҫ
ˣҩ̫ˡϺ˵ˣǲ֪ҩ֮ȴ֪ġ
ಣ
Ȼ
Ϻ˵꣬һƿҶֱӽҩͶ˴֮С
ˣ̫˷ˡϺ״㾪˹ȥôҲû뵽Ҷҩ⡣
ৣ
һ̣ɲϺѻ˵꣬ҶִռȡһͷԪڵʬ塣
졭찡⣡
һΣֵ׳ˣĶһЩҰޣȥɱޡ
ˣѵʿ֮࣬һ׳̲סʵ
ţǰиһ£ŵ֮кҩһǴ洦ҶЦŵ˵ͷ
޵Ѫ̺֮ſֲȻȲ޺ˣ۶ʿͨ˶Ǵ֮
࡭лˣ
ٴҶĻǷ׷лͬʱܹΪԵ
ԪڵޣǿͨĲ޷
ԴˣҶԳ֣Ԫ߶ƣ˲佫¶еⲻϵķţ˵
УҶͻȻһֵ󡪡Ȼ˿ûиıɫ
ͨĶĻ˿Ӧպˣͨ¾ɵĴ󶦾Ȼûκα仯
ҶЩаî˾ϵԪ¶ô¶ȣеѾˣԾûκα仯
ףѲϷˣһ˲õıﲻɣ
Ҷȣ϶ԾˣһʼʱҶ뷨һ󶦾һĹ
ʱҲЩȷˣӲϿȷͨͭͨͭܿסôֲĸ
Ƿ񶨵ģԣڱõĴ󶦿϶ͨĴ󶦣ЩͷҲ˵
ϲȷжϣҶе𺳸
һֱΪ֪ܵģû뵽ϲĶ
˿̣еζѾȫˣ˶ߵĵȴš
ڴӣҶ̲סȻʧЦЩ޵Ȼóԣȴ˶ԣԪ޵ҩʿҲҶԵġ
Ҷ˵ģȻⶫǴ֮ʲôҪиȣ̫ҲܲˣЩûΪ̺Ӵ
Ҷǳںģѵó⣬ʵ̫㣬һ̻ʣȫûҶĻȥ
ֻûжԣһϺҩǳϤ֪Ҷ˵ģöҲ˶ԡ
һնСŮǳɣȻСȴ֪ҶǲƭģһСס˿ڸ֮ٳˡ
һ£ҶѱʵЩԵöĴȸоھҴܣ׷׻˹ȥ
Ƭ֮СĿյϺ˵ˣˣҲ˺ͺӡ
磬ҺȰ
СȻֻһС飬СһС̺Щܲˡ
£Ұ㰴Ͳˡ
Ҷһ£Գ֣СڵЩ̲塣
СܹɵذҶָʾ
ҶְĺϣһۻԪʽСУ̺ա
ţ
УҶķ֣СʷǳرԪ壬Ԫǳ׽֪Ҳǳǿ
ǾԱģ
ΪԪĺӣܶţܶǿһһԪˡ
Ҷû뵽СȻʵˣӴĻٶȽǷǳ˵ģܹܶν˦֡
ʵֱ̫ϧˡ
뵽ҶϾСһɵСɵķ
˵ɵķǳڣڵķ֮һڴֻòģֻľͲ˺ܶˡ
ҶСɵķģˣԺκ似°빦
һ̣ҶҲû뵽˿̵ľٶڽɶôĺ䶯




1148 
ڶ죬̫ʱ򣬳˯һҹĴǷ׷״˯ѹԼȻڿյ˯һҹ÷ǳ˼顣
˵ֱǲܵģôҲ¶һް
ǲ֪ǣһҹǵʷ˷츲ذĸı䣬ƽʱ˺ܶࡣ
ʾͷǳõĿһЩЩƽʱһЩʲĳ˯ʱ;һЩ
Ϊ峤۲޵һ˹
һʷǳҲᣬʱЩеҪǿܶࡣ
ĵһоǻģһһ̱ǵζѬӡ
۲æԼһ֮£ʹȥֻϸһҺɫۻ࣬ġ
ô
۲һߣһ嵽һˮͨһȥʹʹϴ˸裬Ҳ˲١
۲֮󣬴СҲ׷ѹһı飬ֱһۻԼ׷ˮȥúϴһ¡
ŮǸϽӻؼңԼϴһ¡
ʱȥյҲˣһ¾ǸϽ裬һĶʵܲˡ
Ӹ磬ҸоԼƺ˲٣ĸо𣿡
ϴ裬һ۲ʵ۲޵ͷأҲĸоҸоˤӵĻһ˶Ը߰˸⡣
Ӹ磬ɱţҲͬĸо֮ǰ˲٣Ҹоܺ㵥ˡ
˾ʢϴ֮û뿪ڿյ
˵ûҶĸо֮ǰҲˤϹʹһҲˣû֮ǰûʲô𣬶ҵƺҲ˲١
ʱһ߹ɣɫ˿ûܹ˵ĺۼ
壬Ҳĸоô£
ϴ֮Ҳ׷׻صƬյأȻΪÿ춼ҪȥԵģʱҲڼϢ
ض飬ЩҲԵĹЩˣԽǲȥԣϢȥ
֮ĸоˣΪϳԵǿԪ޵⣬ͬʱĹּһ԰׾ϴҩûϴ跥ë̥ǵĹЧ̫ˡ
޵Ѫ̺ŴЩԸ˵ʣǿźܺõЧ֮׳ߵܡ
˵ɻҶĺôϸһ顣
ʵϣ˵ˣѹûȥֻżͲˡ
ҶС磬и֮룬ܴӦ
ʱ۲վϵҶ˵ҲˣǴ嶼ͨˣǿ׳һЩȴûһʿܴܲǴкһЩķţпܳΪʿ
ǰҶС磬ӦɣǴӿɭ֣ʱ޳ûʿǵֵǳѣԭǵĴӻܴ󣬵Ǵ׳սˡ
ΪʯͷδڶҶС֡
һЩ˹һЩΪ˴ӵδҲҶǵĺһЩ֮޵ʱܹԱ
ҴӦҴӦҿ𣡡
ҶæǰΪ߲ͬʱ˶
ԴеҶ죬еĺǼûʣһЩķжĳɾ;ͿǸ˵Ļʡˡ
˵ҶԸ񣬵£۲޽ʮµĺӶֱΪǼһʡ
һ飬Ҷķ˼ӸǲȻȲԶˣǿԵġ
ϣҶ㵱һŵķھЩһԵĴҲһ¡
ȻҶ֪ЩѾ䣬˻ͬҲܹɹҲ˵һ
עʣǿţʯͷЩҲһ׮¡
еĺӷǳϧǧѷѧϰᣬѧĺġ
֮ǳϦ֮Ҫջ۲ſɾͣҶҲǽŶѣԺܹжĳɾͣǾֻܿԼŬˡ
ҶϤָ£Щǽܿ죬ǶҶصչ£ѾһЩž
һȥˣеĺҲŵĻķˣҶȥ⡣
γҪʶĥԼ򣬲ܳõСɽ
ԷʱҶԼҪȥ˼峤۲޺ϲ˵һ£˶ǳᣬҲףΪʿҶܳʱ䶺
ϣ۲֯ȫĴٴڴĿյٿᡣ
д˵©죬ҶҪߵܿڲʯͷдˡ
еĺǵ֪ҶҪߣֲᡣ
ҶȻһЩǶ֪ܹҶʦǼĸ
ϣеĺ϶Ŀ̿棬ƺַʾҶȥĲᡣ
磬Ҫߺòã᲻㣡
СҶ½ǣֲҶ۾˸
ǰʦҪߺòãǶ᲻
ЩҲ׷ΧҶҪ뿪ǣҪʦ
ϵ񣬳ϿҵҶʮָжʹӦ
뵽ԼγʹǺҡҡͷСϵ˵£ޣ绹бҪ죬Ǳֻ֤Ҫʱ䣬һǵģҪŬʱҿҪģ˭ҪǲŬҿҪͷģ
ʦİɣһڵʱһŬġһɵСӿû˵һҶЦõĻ
⻰ôôŤʲôк͸Լڵʱһ֮ԼͲ
ӣϹ˵ʦӲ˵һʶԼҪ죬ӵȻģߺһӱŬԲʦʧġ
һʮ˺һƣװСһҶ˵
ţͶˣŬΪңΪ˳ܹĸҪˡ
ҶοЩȻβ룬һϴӵȴһġ
ҶС磬ҾһлΪʯͷһС
һ꺺Ӷž˹ϵĸҶһ룬лڴﺢ֮
֮Ͷѣл
ҶƣǺķˬʵЦ˵һһ仰ҶСΪǴϣǲӦúúøлһأ

˵ҶԺжʱֳһȺΧԼƵĳ棬뻬ˡ
ʱԲߵģֻӲͷƤ˵ľơ
ҶΪƾͲ£˹ƾҲκβ
ȻǺӵһ仰ˣѧĺͯжÿ˶һ롣
ⳡ棬ǸͨˣûȾƾˣҲҶں
һ̾УҶÿ˶һ룬¼̳Ҿơ
Щ˵̾˾ôҾƺȥһͷţҲˣҶɫûбһ£̸Цûһ
ϸҲǣҶʿʿܺȵˣ뵽һ㣬˲Ȼˡ
ҶС磬Уʯͷʥ飬Σ
һʱЩƵ˲ɢȥ峤۲߹ضҶ˵




1149 ʥʹ
ʥ飿
ҶһȻܶйĳʶû˵ʥݣǵһʥ֡
Ҷһɻ۲޸æ͵νʥǱӻ˼Ϊʯͷʥʯͷıӻ񣬻Ǵӡ
ԭˡ
ҶȻ򣬶ְ̾Ϣ
ȻһʵףͬʱҲ̤֮·ǿʮǧ
֮⣬ܳʯͷ壬޷ӻʯͷ塣
̾ҶܾΧһı飬תһ룬ʯͷֻһͨĴ䣬ǿʿԸӻʯͷ壬ԼҪˣ֮ǰһЩӴԸҲһ¡
ãҴӦ㡣
뵽˴Ҷͷ˳سΪʯͷʥ飬ǳѵȻкǿ󣬵ʿǺĴڣҲܳʯͷ壬ԺѾһʥ񣬸Ǳӻ
ЩǶ֪ƣֻҪһǴдʥʵѡһ˵ĻǿҲǴʥ飡
۲Ҳ̹Ȼĳһ㣬νʥʵãȴǴļС
˺ܾãֱҹɢȥԻؼϢҶסϺҡ
峿ϼգɫĳϼء
ھʯͷԼʮĵط۵糸һʯͷ巽򼲳ۡ
˴ԼʮӣĿɱȻɢŨҵѪζ
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ͬʱҶ˫Ԫһ޴Ͻɫƣݺݵȥ
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ԪɵϽɫƺݺݵԵϣĵһ򣬺Ҷûй
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ҶһжԪڵľӲһԪ۷ʿһʥ̥ڵʿܹ֧ôʱԾûܣⱾһ漣
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飡
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1154 ǽ

¥ַŭȴûʧȥǣ¥ɽҶУԲҶĶ֡
ͬʱҲˣҶͲں¥ӵܣҪɱ
һУһԼ޼ɵ¥һθоͿ־塣
֮ǰĶô񹲷ߣ˿¥ҵ϶Ҷ裬ĿһеԸ
Ȼ
һ̣֪ʲô־塪ҶʵϿѹѹͲ¥ҵı
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ҶȴһʲôںͲ֪¥һжôȨ졣
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зݣֻҪӹһ٣¥ҵҲҪҶץƤһ֮ܡ
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Ҷ˵·ܶ¥˼һ㡣
ûлش
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Ѫħݡ
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뵽¥ҶԷĿյʩչѪħݣҧ⣬һڱѪγһѪϣ˾һһԶȥ
ৣ
Ҷһһĸ¥ǰ棬ײ
ȻҶѪħݵİأȴ֪κһѪĶݷǲܱϵģһϣ߼ǲܵġ
˱ıѪǳޣ𲻶ϵģļ֮˾ˣ¥ôԸҲʩչѪħݡ
һҶԼʩչѪħݵٶȻ죬¥Ķʱȥ
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¥ѾˣֻҪԼܹһҪüҶץ꣬
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Ҷû֣۾¥õйݣй¥ҺҵϢСǸûӵļһ׻ֱ̫ˡ
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ʱ򣬸ʥأϴڶһǿ
δ·۵ѡԼ߳Ⱥۣɹ֤λΪһӲĴۡ
ÿһ۶һβĴлǼ壬ʥء
ҲһЩϴڻʥûд۴еģܹ֮͵忹⣬ҪԭĻۺĵӵ˺͵۵ʸ
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Ϊ˿¥¥һŹԼնݳҲûлڣ¥Ҫ鵽Լɱ¥Ҳô׵顣
οҶѶɱ¥ǵӵܣҲԲ顣

Ҷһȭ¥Դսپ
Ҹƴˣ
¥Ŀһ𣬰˲еѪħף˦Ҷͬʱˣ
Ѫħ׺ҶӾ۱һԹһֻʹһΣ޴
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䣡
һ죬汻ըһ޴Ŀӣֱǧס
¥ͷĴӸ˳
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ˣҲǿҵıըøǱɺ۶ؤװò
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ģȻӸϾɱ浱¥ôɱ𣿡¥ݺݵһڴĿˮݺݵ˵
ž
Ӧ¥һ
Ҷƾճ֣һƽ¥ɣ




1155 ҵ·ҵĵ
¥ҶʩչѪħʧܣٴΰ¥ҡҶá
鼱֮£ѡ񹷼ǽֱӶĵơѪħס
Ȼ
¥ΪҶѪħըʱҶͻأĳ֣һƽɡ
㡭㾹Ȼû⡭ⲻܣ
¥ԪƣشѪһ״г׾ͬʱ޷ҶѪħ׵ıը»
ϾѪħ׵Ŀֲʥ̥ʿҪ
ô

Ӧ¥һƣ
ҶһӣԪӿһֻԪƣȫ¥֡
ۣ
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ʿԣռһС͵ֿ⣬ĿŸֻղƷսƷ
ȻˣĻԴҲʯһЩƷʲ޺ˡ
ϸ̲飬Ҷ¥²Ƹ٣ռӵиҩҩʯ
¥ϣҶķ֡¥ûпռȴһöռָ
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ѹ꼸˵Ʒ֮Ҷ߽˺ɽУ˵ʱİаѾûˣЩ֮⣬ûôᡣ
߽аȣҶһ۾ͷɽȵһǸ˹Ѫء
ѪѪ죬ˣȻѪζŨǳŨħĺõط
Ҷһ۾жϳ¥ڵأҲֻѪħ˲ŻһѪ
ȻħɷϣСӵȷ¹ˣѪгӵʮѪҺ֮⣬˼ʮҩŮѪ쳣Сӣ˰ɣǲѡ񡣡
ڸӦһѪ֮󣬲޸п˵ͬʱҶѪеѪҺߣ
СһѪҺ͸ղűһɱǸ¥ʲôҲ񹲷ߵĶħҶüͷһܾϵ飬̬쳣
Сӣĸ֮ˣ֮˾ɱ¾·ԸѪ̾͵ģɱ¾Ѫȣûһģսʤоߣɾʹ֮λ
ϿĵȰҶҪи֮ʣΪʿǷǳпģթ֮լʺ޷ڵ·̫߳Զġ
ϣҪ˵ˣ˺˲ͬÿ˵ĵ·Ҳͬ
Ҳһ·Ძɱյ˵λҲظ߹·ҵ·ԼߣҵĵԼ򣡡
Ҷ˵ǳᶨԼ·ҲǲһģԵ˿飬ǲΪʵֶΣʹħͷûʲô

ϳ̾һ֪Լ޷ȰҶ
ôʱദ֪ҶһˣԼԭ򣬲Ϊκ˵Ȱ˵ıԼԭ
ɣȻ㲻ЩѪǾͻʬ𼣰ɡ
Ȼ޷ȰҶΪҶ룬ѵ¥ܹ͵ǣϹϵȻǰ˸ӴŵĹϵԲ̫СΪ˱㻹ǽٵɣñ¥ҵ˲鵽
ϵѣҶΪȻ
Ȼ¥Һ͵ȲֵһᣬԱǿҶӦú;޹ࡣ
ҶĿǰ޷ԿģΨһİ취һкۼκ֪һԼġ

ٵкۼ֮Ҷʯͷһˣһһ´ǣ֪Լû£ͬʱΣѾˡ
ҲҪһ£ǲҪ˵Լ¥µϢ֮
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Ҷصʯͷʱʯͷˣ˶Ĥݡ
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ȴ羪һ¥ը졣
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һУҶһҲ֪顣
ʯͷ嶺˰죬ҶһҪؿƿӿڳ
⣬Ҷרҵ峤۲ޣҩɱ˷֡
֮⣬ҶĴ㣬ʬҩʯͷ˵ɭзֵġ
۲޵ͷҶĻھƴӣ֪ҶôΪʯͷ롣
ʯͷ֮Ҷһ·ȥ
ΣյĵطȫģҶϵºڵĵ
Ҫȥǿ¥ҾжôȨѬ죡




1156 
ĳ;棬Ҷڰʱ֣ڿű־ԵӴǳءǣ
ǸҶĸоԪǸӴ಻Ĺųǽǵϵﳤһ
ǽ߲ܸߴ󣬳߰ɿĻǺӣǳſڱȽխĵطҲࡣ
¥ҲǳΰǽϿԿͨߣɼǽж
ϵĽҲСһųˣںܾ֮ǰڣ˼սϴӲǱ
ȻֻһǳأԪɶһȡ
ھǺԶĵطҶ˽ŲŽ߽ͨ˳С
سŵʿɨҶһۣûʣΪǳ̫ˣʿҲܶ࣬ǲܽÿһʿֶס
ڳеĽֵϣÿȥҶܿ˽⵽˳ǵ¶̬¥ɱ顣
¥ҸĳѰһпɵ
Ȼ
Ҳ뵽ɱ¥ִ˿ҡڵؽ˳С
ЩϢҶͲ⣬ֳĺܺã¥֮ͨܣҪڼû·ʹû
ڳһк˼ƣ˵㶫ҶӸСһɢƷʯе֪˳о۱ķֲڵĵط
֮Ҷ˿ֱͣ۱ڳǵķֲȥ
һߣҶһ߸п۱ȻһԺ͵塢ʥؿӴֲ鼰½ǳأ˵гǳصĵطо۱ķֲ
Ҿ۱ֲҪһƾۻ굤ҩռôˣ˳㿴۱ռЩô
ϻһŹƾŹԳ۱ÿһǳصķֲ鿴ҩĵռС֤ͨ
۱ڳĵضΣСԶһξ롣
ڳУҶȻ¶ԼΪǱƽ˿ôһٶš
Ǿ۱ֲʱɫѾˡ
۱ڳǵķֲҲװ޵ĸܹĺˡ

Ҷ׼ߵʱ򣬴ԱͻȻһӣɵļ́һĻӴӵֱӳ
飡
һɲΪ̧εĽηݺݵײҶϣ㽫ֱײɳȥ
ţ
ҶǿԾɾؿЩƣо֮û뵽һ̧֮ͨ˾Ȼ˵Ϊ
һҶʶɨһĸ̧εĽη򣬺Ȼ֣ĸͨĽηȻʥ̥ڵʿ
ⶥƻĽҲͨĽӣһʥ̥ļƷ
ʥ̥ʿ̧Σʲôôףⶥоźηʥ
Ҷ𾪣ɨһ£ȻһŮҽʥ̥ڶѡ
ҶȲѣͬʱףе˲ǿʵūʥ̥ʿģ
۾Ϲ𣿡
ײҶ󣬴ӵ۵صͺȵ
ûлشҶĬĬ˵һԡ
ȻײòᣬҶջѡ̣ûеΪѾµгеŮ˭ˡ
Ȼ֮ͣһŮӽ߳ü溬ɷɱ
½֮ŮҲҶһۣ·һ΢һ㡣
Ҳѹ֣Ů仹ûҶ󣬵ȴѾʥ̥ڵʿˣҶѾʮ꣬Ԫ߸ͲһεģŮҲġ
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˵¥СѾҾӶˣ˫Ѿ̸ۼ޵Ľ׶Σ¥ұôһȣ벻Ѹѡ
ûһ˵ҾӵĽǵһţĿǰѾ͵ҵŶףҵؾһȻᾪ򣡡
Χͨ˺ʿۣҶȷԼежϣ֮ǰ뵽ˣڳУܹ˱ģֻ¥һˡ
˿̾۵֤ʵҶʣֻû뵽¥ȻƯһ㡣
ոǣҶδ뵽Щ˵֮Уǵ¥¾ȥ۱֮Ż߽˾۱֮С
λˣʲôطܹ𣿡
Ҷո߽ȥϾһԪʿӭʵ
һҶǳͬ˵˿ϵۣܽ˿͵ϵ۵мˣ
ѹ־۱ܹ½κһǳпֲ˼ҵʵۺӴҪһǣʲôĿˣǶܷǳд˦ӣҲûйۿ˵͡
Ҷ΢΢һЦֱó͸ԼŹݵ۱ǰ
һ˵̬̱ý˺ܶ࣬ӹ֤һ£ȷʵ󣬱ӹĽ쵽˹С
ãǾ۱ǸˣʲôҪ𣿡
һ˵гй˵Ƿֲľ۱Ѹٸ˹ѯҶʲôҪæġ
ʱ¥ҵ֮ŮҲһУȴˣо۱˲࣬ÿһλ˶ҪضԴǾ۱Ĺء
¥ȻҴҵҲо۱͵Ĺǹȴ¥£¥ҲδŹǰ
ģ֮ǰԪǵʱίռһЩҩģ·˵أռôˣ
ҶҲżɽĽԼ˵ˡ
۱ڳǷֲĸһǳӣ̬ͦȥһûʲô
ҶĻϽԼѯһйҶҪҩĵռ
ϱҶеҩĵǳ࣬Ҵ󲿷ֶƫţĿǰҲռֲ̫ĸҩĶѡ
ĿˣҪҩʵ̫ټˣøʱаռЩҪġ
ֵĸЩε˵Ҳƣ˵ûо۱㲻ҩģҶϵһЩҩδţʵЩѶȡ
żҲ֪ҪռȫףҲżҲû취
Ҷͨ˵ֵĸ˸мĹ򣬲źۼתƻ⣬ʵղſڵʱұһ̧εĽηײһ£ײң˵¥ҵ¥С㣬ҲҪһЩϡŹֵı𣿡
Ҷĵطˣ֪۱ҲԼְҵأԼ¥ʲôˣ⸺˿϶Լġ
ҶǸ˸Ͳ϶˵һЩõϢ


1157 ̽Ϣ
ǣ¥С̽ϢģҲ˵ˣ¥ҵĵϵţ¥Сĵܵ¥ɱˣ¥¶ڵ£ϣܹҵ֡
۱ĸ˹ȻҶ͸¶˺ܶõϢ
һҶ뵽ˣΪ¥ҵĵϵ¥δϣûлơ
ҵֵͦģֽ൱ɾûи¥κε˿¥û취£ֻ۱̽һϢ
ôǾ۱ֻһЩصıҩ֮Ķ𣿻Ϣ
ҶΪȣһ˵۱һЩ֮⣬ϢǸӪ
ȻˣǾ۱鼰½ûǴϢֻҪܳǮǾ۱ҲԴ԰̽κ˵Ϣ鲻ҲٻһЩ
ֵľ۱൱Ժ˵ĶģԾ۱ӴֻҪ˻ţûǴ̽ġ
ĻҶһҿԲίй󱦺ŰҴ̽˵Ϣ
Ȼԣǳ˵ǰͷ۱Ҳǰ׸˴򹤵ģҪõϢҪ㹻ļ۸У
ҶȻǹ۱о۱ĹأֵĸС˺ӣ͵硣
ҶЦȻİɣֻҪܴ̽ҪϢʯһܳġ
Ǿͺã˵ɣ̽ʲô˵Ϣ
ֵĸ˿ʵͬʱҶʲôǿ󱳾
ûд𰸣Ҷʵһ㣬ŴҲĴˡ
һ˵ϢʲôطʲôµϢ
˵ţҶµصòĵȵϢֵĸˡ
ҶʼվãԳµصĻǸԲڲõĽԼпٴֻǲ֪ڵĳµصΪﵽһʲôĳ̶ȡ
õģҼˣһϢһ֪ͨ
Ҷһ˵Ǹһ߼һ׼۱ܲ㱨þ۱ȫгµصˡ
ڶһŮˡ
ҶֽԼĸϵһЩϢ˵һ£֮ҪԼĸ׺ͳµˣҪԭ֪Լĸڵ״
ĸģСҶûмԼĸףеݿص̫ˡ
ʲʲôҪҵˣ
ֵĸ˴һС۾ɵԲ֮ǰôҲԲ뵽Ҷˣ̫˲˼ˡ
ţ
Ҷͷû˵ʲô
Ǹǿѹͷ𾪣ĿҶһۣȴûʲôΪǹأֻṩϢ˶ѯʲô
֮ǰ˵ǸµأĿǰûκϢйϵϢȴһЩһЩˣҪҪ
˺ܿƽ飬Ȼǿ󣬵۱ҲǳصģֻҪԵ壬ֻǴ̽һЩϢûġ
˵
ҶԼĸ׵ϢעһЩѾڵϢҲ֪
ʮǰΪҽܳţ̤ϵ·ϣ֪ΪʲôԭԼĸ׷ɱһս֮Я۱伣ˣӴѶ
ֵĸ˴˿˵ʱ½𶯣Ͼһ۱ͬСɣһʱ䣬ûе۱źͼ塢ʥض뵽ѰϵĴ֮УǾ۱Ҳ⡣
۱ջʵ̫ǿˣһӵ˵۱пһ̫ǿһԾΪܹʥءƽƽǿԼܶŶܵĲ뵽ѰҺ۱ĶС
Ȼ˶һ˵Ͻ˿ռͨȥһδ֪磬Ҳ˵˿ռ֮УѾˣ֮ԺϾҲûκϢֱڡ

ҶΪʧЩϢϢˣѴϿ֪ˡ
֪ǣĸĿǰ״
ҶԸʧӣֵĸ˸æ˵ԲסΪϵϢֻ֪ô࣬ⲢʲôܣǵĹԣϢ͵ģշѡ
޷
ҶЦһںҪҪʯΪ⸺˵ϢԼ֪˵˵û˵
Ψһջǣû뵽֮⣬ô˶뵽׷ɱԼĸ׵֮У۱ջ̫ǿˡ
ģǵĹһᾡľȥģźܿͻнġ
ֵĸֻ֤Ҫµػϣһܹģڿ֮£ûо۱鲻Ϣ
ĳŵҶҲֻѡţΪûбİ취ԼȥĻ֪²ܵõ
ŶˣϴίѰҵһЩƵҩıҩȻûеõȴõһЩ
ֵĸߵʱͻȻ뵽ʲô۷Ҷ˵еŵҲˣȻ˵˳򣬵ҩҪ˲õĵҩмζҩлС
ʲô˼
Ҷ۾˲һЩʱ˵һЩй֪һء

ֵĸ˿ڽ͡
Ǹ˵ĽҶһȫµʶ
ݵ϶ˣ֮䣬һĵط
֮ǰǾԵأ걻֣Ŀʿ޷̫Զȥ
֮дйŹ֣Σأ֮ǰв˲аҪȥһ̽ȴûһ˻߳ߴ澿ʲô
֪ʲôԭ޹ɢȥ˲٣ܹһЩ
Ϣܿ㴫ˣܶǿ߷׷ǰϣܹһ̽
˲֪вһЩǿ֮ʿ˶ΪĪĻ
ûȫʧ֮ǰû˸գڵȴţûϣܹȥѰһͱ
ɢȥǵĲ²⣬ҩҲ˵
ķΧܴԣɢȥȥ˿϶Ҳ٣ҶڵһʵĽȥʱ
ֵĸ˸ҶҪƵҩҪϣԽȥ
Ǹ˵ĽܣҶȻĶΪֵȥðһ¡
һ˲䣬Ҷȥܹҵƾۻ굤ҩҲ˵㲻ҲԲһˡ
ˣҪȥĻšǾ۱ҲǲǰҴӵĻˡ
ˣ
Ҷв죬֮ǰһֱԪݣɵ⣬ʶָ
۱ԪݸˣС㣡Ǹ˽ҿյס

ҶһȻˡ
ͬʱ̲סֵؿһۡ
Ϊ˸ղᵽʱ𾴣


1158 չصȴ
һֱʿĽĪɢȥܶ˶ΪһѶţԤʾΣѾˡ
£۴СŶȥһ̽
Ϊ鼰½Ӵ۱ȻҲ˺
ξ۱þܸɵӣ۱ȥ
ھ۱⣬صضݵĸˣҶһҪʢдϵ
Ϊˣ۱ǵĸ˵֪ҶҪȥ֮󣬱ҶҲǰ
ҲҪȥ
Ҷû뵽ǰϺȻӣʵ̫ˡ
ҲҪǰ
˵һЦ˵Ǿ۱ѡţӣʮ֮ڱȻϵԪǵĹȻ˽
ǵõȷϢоܵľǿ㣬ΣӣԤڶʮ֮ԣҽһ£Сһͬǰ໥֮ҲиӦ˵أ
ǸգС۾ЦЦؿҶ˵
˼ȷҶǰĻΣϵӣҵıҩģҲᱻߣΪԼɱ֮
Щҽ˶ʲôŮɱ˶ᱦǾܹóġ
ʿôпᣬҪøһЩӵмǿʵֻ֮ǿС
ΪŻ߼ˣɢҲӴɻ䣬Ǳ
ҲֻЩǿΣصõȥΪ
ҶҲԷԼ޷Ծ۱øУܹ֮Ƿ¾۱һЩ顣
һȾ۱£ʱԼͲþܾˣеǣծûծѻ
ȻЩҲ˾۱ļҶԾɾȺ۱ŵĵ
ðɣҾ͵һ㣬һȥ
ҶҲǲʶʱˣԼһ˺пʲôҲ̲ţջ벻Σա
̫ˣеطסҪסˣһרŸ׼һ
ֵĸ˴ϲϷԸΪҶ׼һ䰲ңҶ
Ҷ룬չҲ޲ɣͷӦˣһġ
ǰʱ䣬ҶԪؾ֮иոͻƵԪڣ绹̫ȶҪʱȹһ¾硣
ңǸʱҲû̫ʱ;ȥԼʵڶ似ĸԣҪúһԼʵ
ѹεʯ٣Ҷʱ򣬾Բȱʯã߰ڷ˺ܶƷһʯ
Щʯ̺Ԫ࣬ٳɶ࣬ҲǺܿɹ۵ġ
ڱ˵Щʯ㹻֮ˣҶ˵ЩҲԼȹ̾ѡ
ԭܼ򵥣ʺĹͱ˴ྶͥÿһѨжһԪ൱ڱȱ˶ϰٸ
ȹ̾ͬʱҶҲ͸ŷɽ꽣
ɽ꽣һЩͨĵطһƷɽԶϮɱһ۳ɽרŹꡣ
꽣Ȼ£ҶֲԺܹŵģϾѾܹ껯ˣѾš
Ȼ
ȴŶ̸ϣҲܹԦһЩ֮ԼȭͷϽйԶûеķмص֮
һҶҲΪеƣͱĲ̫ͬˣÿһֶкܶ˼ڵɬѶ
ʮʱת˲ڱչĹУʱ·һѡ
鲢ûҶʮ죬ھİ͵ˣֻûдѡ
ʮУҶջģڸ꽣ͬʱͨһЩɽе֮
⣬ԪؾеõҲ˺ܴá
ʶþʱ޿̴ӵߵ꣬ԴҶõʶһʶһֱڰ
ʶĴ£Ҷеʼȫ˳ľȻҲͨʿ
֮壬˲乥˵꣬꽣ľ֮ʱ͸ҶѾܹʹָһʹ֮ˡ
ֶһɱﵣڽⲫսͬʱܹ䲻Ĺֵ꣬½һ˲Ļ㱣ҶҲаսֱȭ¡
꽣гɣҶʱɽˡ
һ棬ɽ֮Ѿһˮ룬еѶȽӡ
һ棬ɽĹһ㣬ҪͻȻһֲ
һ㣬꽣ȫܹһã֪
ΪҪǣ꽣ǿ
ȻûͨαչأսһЩҲջ񡣡
Ҷվ˵ţԺиĽ˲Цݣ֪СǵûУ




1159 ҹֵ
θӴӶѡġ
˴Сǹ¶۱Ϊҹһҹ塣
ڵھʱ֣һ˾;棬ڵ˳Ƿֲ
һľСԺа֮㽫ֵԺȥǷֲĸˣֵˡ
ҹһֵҶ۷׷ס
·ϣѾҶһЩ¼ǽһ飬˵ξ۱ҪҶһѰһԵ
Ǻľ޷ǿҶ׿Ǳʡ
һǸⲻ
ͬţǼţԼȥμԪǵŴĻûҶʲô£ھ϶ǵġݼŴĴǲμӵģֱӽ򼶱Ŵ
ҲǸСɢŸĻᡣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҲţֱ֡
ҹĲ˵ҶɣһʮԾûʥ̥Ҳ
˶ܱΪŵĻôǲеֵ̫Ǯˣ
û˸ͲͬУʱһҪÿ
ҹĻ֮ͬǰǰ·ϣѾĿжҶһЩ˽⣬ΪҶҲˡ
ҿҲǣֲûоϸĵҪ£һǾ۱󣬼ֱǺ֡ҹͷ˵
Ǿ۱ãʲôèĶܽСҲͦģȻܾǾ۱һû뵽ġ
ҹһһ˿˼ĹâԼļʦܲͬȽꡣ
ôҲ벻ͨҶΪʲô۱ĳĻᣬⲻϳ
ߣҿһҲ֣Ȼ¶Ƴ籸ҿֻͽѣͲҽž۱󣬷һĳĻٺ١
ҹȻûн˵һֵǶף۱ܹ֮ǿһҪԭǹɭϣԲгзĻС
ԣҶûӦʵǱ۱ǶˣһСеĵλòʧ
ţʲôţںСʱܿͱȷ˵Ͷ磬ʮʥ̥ɹѾʥ̥ڣšҶľ˵ѾʮˣȻԪڣҿŶָͲմߡ
ҹһ߱Ҷһ˳һҹһҹ˵ƨ
ȻҹĻƨɣܲ˵ʮͷﵽʥ̥ڣ½򣬵ȷԳƵˡ
˵ЩҲûʲôãСӳأǺúøһʲôšҹЦ˵
Ļʱ˵Ĺû˵ЩҲûãȼҶʱʵѵҶ¡
ԣҪųϿνļΪţֵǰϡ
ͬʱһҪȼҶʱˣĵ

ʮ磬Ҷ˷·̥һ㣬Ȼֻʮʱ䣬ʮȴǳ
£Ҷ·һʵһ㡣
ţ
߳չصľңҶһ۱ĹԱſɴԼһ󲻽̾۱ܹ۰½ûе
νһҶ֪Ե㿴棬ȻֻһСϸڣҲԿ۱ľӪ֮
Ҷأ۱ĹԱܿӭĶҶ˵Ŀˣº͸һѾˣھ԰С·Ը˵ֱ֮ȥ԰
ллˣҶ΢ЦŻӦ
ˣҷ֮£Ӧġ
ԱһҶǰ棬ŵҴȥ԰
ҶͷԱ󣬶ĹԵ͡
Լȥ԰ĻȻҲ϶ᵢһЩ
ϾԾ۱ķֲֻǲ̫Ҳ֪νľ԰
ľۻȣҶܿһСԺС
һڵĺԺԺи쾮Ժż֦ҶïĴҲ֪ʲô֡
Ҷ
ҶԺ֮ҹһ˱ӭУҹӲʵ
ң
Ҷ΢΢һЦѾжϳǰ˱Ǿ۱Ǹ˿еš
֮⣬Ѿǰ䶼ڶʮ£ӦýԼ࣬ʵȴףҲʥ̥ڵΪ˾Ȼʥ̥ڡ
ٺ٣Ȼ˵Ǽ亱ţֵȴΪʸΪһͬǰֵǾ۱ŵ̬£
һǰõǾ۱ıӻĻǾǰ֤һʵǷʸ񡣡
ҹĺҹ˷׷׳Է̣һҲҶӣûдҶһǰֻݺݵĽѵҶһҶף۱˭ġ
Ǻǡ
ڵѺͷ̣ҶͻȻЦЦ֪Ϊʲôһ顣
ЦʲôƢҹ庮ʵ
ˡ
ҶסЦݣɫһҲδ۱ھ۱ĸ߲ô룬ǾͲܸԤҵˡ
ڶԼһͬǰҲģ︺˵飬ҾÿУӦˡ
˵Ҷһŵ˵֤ʵʸҪô֤
ܼ򵥣ֻҪܽʮУǱʸһǰԺѣҽ𣿡
ҹǰһضҶ
ҶԪڶѣܽоѾ漣ˡ
Ϊʲô˵ʮУΪ֮ǰҶмӣΪǲţҹȻë꣬ȴɵԼһΡ
ҹһǺЦվһԣδֹҹĻȻҲΪҶܽӵҹʮй͵ſء
кβң
Ҷ΢΢һЦսͬʱ˵ɣΪ˱˺ǵ㵽Ϊֹô
ģҲɱģǰҲý
ҹһбҶ˵Ȼˣʵ̫Ļȷ˵ķգҪǺˡ
ˣҵ˼ǣˣҪ߳ŭƴͺã
Ҷ΢ЦŽ͡




1160 ǿ
ʲʲô
ҶĻҹֵͬʱһ
Ԫʥ̥֮ŲԽǵ蹵ҲȻôҲܴ񻰡
кܶԪ۷ʿϣд޷˳ʥ̥
߼۳ʥ̥Ҳó֮û˿ʥ̥֮սһҲӲʥ̥Ӧеʵ
ҶԪڶѣܷɹ۳ʥ̥δ֪ҹ忹⼸ǲܵġ
Ҷȴ˵ҹܡ
ǵ𾪿֪
С壬С̫ˣһҪݺݽѵһ١
ûǿȽ󣬰ҹֵܵʲôˣ
𾪹ҹֵջѣҹҹ̿ڣҪҹúýѵҶ
ãããȻ˵ҵҪúһˣɣ
ҹȻ˷ŭȴԾǿûȳ֣ΪΪԼȳֵĻԵЩС
ô˵ҲǾ۱ţҶֻһСŵĵӣ˫Ͳһϡ
˵ҽʮУ㲻ôӣ˵ˣȳֵĻֵĻᶼûˡ
Ȼҹֵûʲô֮ģҶҲ֪ԼǿһĻ׼ʲô۶ӣԳ
㡭
ٴҶĻҹ峹ŭˣ˵ֱչ
֪ΪҶйĳޣΪҶʵ̫ˣҹ嵹Ҳûдһ㶯˰˳ɵʵ
ҹ嶯ֵһɲǣҹһ˱СԺΧ˷磬ֹɢݳĹƻСԺеĽ
ʥ̥ԪʿƻǷǳǿģûзıµսľСԺҲͲˡ

еҹ弴ֻð˳ɵʵӳĹҲǷǳǿģʥһֻצҶؿץ
ҶȻʥ̥ʿȴʥ̥Ѿ˲ٵ˽⣬ҹһȭܿҹʥ̥Ӧһͷǡ
޲ǵʵҲǷǳǿģצƻƿֲ
ҶһҲ⣬ʥ̥ʿսҲһˣ˾顣

Ҷ˫гһߣĿ絶Ķʥɵצ漴ȭ
ɲǼ䣬ҶԪӿȭ֮ϣХʥצ
һȭҶͬûжȫͲԪûдﵽȫԸľء
Ȼ
ˣƲС
飡
һ죬Ҷȭݺݵʥɵצϣŷֱӽ֮ҵɢ
ãȻеŵ
ҶһȭԼʥɵצҹҲýƵÿһǿʥͼƷҶѹơ

ҶһԶĳХһ㣬չ壬ȭӳÿһȭҹ幥ıؾ·ϣʱ̷ҹĹҹܡ
תۼ䣬йȥˣҹԾûܹҶķ
еżˣ
ѻѾ˵ȥˣ޷սʤҶĻԺôҹǰ̧ͷ
ǿ
ҹһҲ𾪲ѡ
ҹʵȻǣڵ׵ĴڣҲӦñҶǿܶ࣬ʮ֮ڻҶ⡣
ڣ֮ڣҹ徹Ȼûռ˿ıˡ
ҶԪ·ԴԴϣ籼ڵĳһ
ʱ䣬ﵽһ̶֮󣬼ԪʿҲпܶԿʥ̥ʿ
ڰУ
ҶʼչǰԪϣԪ뵽ȥһȭз֮ȭͷżɫ֮
ҹѾȫû֮ǰţҶʱȫоԼһԶԼԪʿԱԼǿʿһ
ָоҹһʧˣѾˣǵûܻҶǿĲ񻰵ȭͷЩˣǴδй顣
һǰȭ£
Ҷһȭȭȭһеľ跢ӵ쾡£һǰ˭İ߷緶ɽİһ㡣
ৣ
ҹ循ɫ䣡
Ҷһȭܵ˾޴вܹΣԼһΣա
æУҹ彫Լıѧʩչ˳˫ȭȥ
飡
Ҷȭâײҹȭâ񱩵֮ױ
ಣ
ֲҹһʥ߽⣬˵ɶ
ڰйǿУ
ҹˣ
һν֣ȻûˣʥɢʥЩҡ
һ£Ҷȴ͹ĻУҪܣḺˡ
ô
ܵҹ壬ڵ衢ʡţһеı鶼ϲϵĳ֣һø⾫ʡ
ҹȻˣ
ҹһҲǳɵˡ
ǿҶôǿҲܻҹ壬Ͼ˫һ󾳽绹ࡣ
ԽԽ磬ÿһʿʵһʵ
ÿС֮䶼ѿԽҶȴԽ󾳽磬ҹ壡
С̫ˣ
ҹһɫǳѿΪҶʵȷЩԤϣҪΪҹ̫дˣҶսʤҹ塣
ҹҹҹǵɫҲôÿҹǴǳֵģҹˣҲ൱ǰˣҲҶǵŶӣһǰǲԸ⿴ġ
žžž
ͬʱһһ߳΢ЦŶҶ˵Сܵܣղʵһ̨ףǿϲɺذ
㣬û뵽ôֺˡ
Ҷ΢ЦӦûз˵Լʵһ¥飬Ϊ֪ҲûãԼǰǸ޷ʵġ
Ǹղźҹ֮սһղû׼͵ԼҲûҪʲôҲˡ
⣬תƻõķǽ⳶ԶԶأҶΡ
Ȼ̾˿û취ҾôµţܶˣǾ۱ȻҲҪǰ
ˣ㣬ĸ˵пҪļζģûУ
ҶϵĻ⣬ȥҪľѰܹƾۻ굤ļζҩҩûеĻԼǰһˣ
Ʋ⣬ӦеģΪĻʺǼҩпǱҩҩ̫ʱû˽ȥˣȻҩڡ
ҲȷûУƲ⣬ӦеģΧǧ겻˽ȥһЩҩҲ󣬳ûԪ
⼸ǲܵģ磬ûκһطûԪģһЩĽûнȥ鿴ĵط
ҶĵĹУҹһɫ࣬һԲվв
˵ı鱻龡۵ףֻо˸ǵӣЩҸһسӵĻᡣ
˽ΪѹƵԪȫΧҶܵܡֲܱܣҸǽǰˣԺ͸͵һЩҪظ۱
˵÷ǳһ˫Ŀ˸Ĺâƺˡ
ৣ
ҹһ˵ɫӶ̲ס
ھ۱ĵλܸߣֻһô򵥡
һĻҶĲ²⡣
ΪŶǽģֻһͨ£ҹֵܾԲ˾η




1161 һ
Ҷ²ͬʱҹֵ˿ҶгŨŨĲƣƺҪ̻һ
ֵܹ裿
ھ۱ܲȻǿţҲŵϺţҲˡ
˿̣龹Ȼ˶ԿҶһˣȻҪѹƾ硢ʵҲشʹǣֲҷ飬ֻýŭתҶ
һĻҶа̾һ
ô̽һԼսͬʱҲҹֵ쾯ӣףǲǿţϣܹʤǵ˻в١
鿴⣬ʵȴһ˫Ĵ㣡
ҲӲӡ֤Ĳ򵥡
ȻǸŮ֮ΪϻļƳǸϣ˿ʿĳʿǿ
£ˣһԡѹʵԪĵĻԷӡҵʵҶֵֽһʲôطܹ˿ءҹһˣҹֵеϴҲʵǿһˡ
ҹһ⣬Ҹ˽ҶʵѹʵԪܹغϾ漣ˡ֮ǰ˵һϰɣ
ҡҡͷܾҹһ飬֪ҶĿֲ֮
ܹԪҶģֻеʥصĴˡ
ҿ˰ɣȥ۰ȺȲ衢죬һĵá
ҶĲҹһֵ˱ȶˣһֱȶûκ壬Ҳ뱣һԼʵ
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ϾǶǴԪ߹ģսҲ٣ʥ̥۶ĿƣΪҶܱǸǿ
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ҹһǴＷ仰˫ۼǶţȻʱ䡣
ĲǱˣûʲô壡
ҶԾѣֵ£ԼĻ϶ɣֲ䣬ԻǲΪá
ҶСܣҪŶܾд裬ѿĻڰѰЩƵҩĲϵʱͲ֮ǰôˡȷд𣿡
黵ЦҶ˵ıҲ֪Լ˼Ҷ˵¡
ðɣ
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ıóѣЦһõĻһҶҹһֵһĳء
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Ԫʥ̥֮Ԫʥ̥֮ԪתΪʥ޷ıģ˽ԼʵѹƵԪʥʥ޷ı䡣
Ϊ˹ƽԶ֣ҹһ˵ΪѹԪдȫǵʵǲָԭľصģҲڿƲסԼȻʥ̥ڵʵشҶ
Ƭطǳƽ׭ŴķƣЩҶЩ죬ӦԪǵ̨ģģµĸı䡣
ʼɣҲûʲôأܾ˳ˡ
˵ţºݺһ壬ϵЩƷ׷ϵ˸ţγһ޴ĵοռ䣬˶С
ķڣ׾ܴƣڲͨǿȫһҲδƿͱ֤ΧĽᱻսನ
ɣ
Ҷվ룬ɽɨһѾѹΪҹһֵˣнԼ״̬ԪӿѪڡ
£Ҷһ߶Ԫһס
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̽һ£жٽ
ҹһЦΪѹΪ£ԼԸҶûʥ̥һԪСʿֵ
Ȼѱ齫ʵѹƵԪ£ҲԪ۷ʵټʥ̥ڵʿսһЩͶʥԼʹöǳ
£ԲԼҶĶ֣ò˼غϣԼܽҶˡ
ҹûжãΪŸͲҪԼһʥ̥ڵʿԸһԪСʿҪĻ²
϶Сĵ㣬Ҫصĸޡ
ҹһȻҹʵ൱ţԾɶ䣬⣬Сʻ괬
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˵ţҹҶǰҶ˵ҵΪߣȳֵĻ۸㣬ȳְɣ
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1162 Χ
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Ҷһȣֱһȭҹؿںȥԭȭͷ˲Ͻɫȭͷһ֮

Ҷһ㶯롶ȭġѪںϣǿȫҹ
ѪԭѪϣǿĹһ似ԵһĶ
ҶĸѪѾĽϣԪѪĽϣںǰƾˡ
ʨӲãȫ
ҹȻ϶Ҷֿ𣬵һȴ˿Ҳûд⣬һֱȫԸ
ֻһȭʥӿȭ˲䱻һâ֣ɢǿ
ӲӲ
䣡
Ҷҹ˺޻εӲӲһȭ籩ϯķз󷨣ΧĽΪƽء
ӲƴҶ˿ȭͷһ£ҹֱӱõɶ
һзʤ
˵Ԥϣ
Ҳû뵽ҶսȻֱǿˡ
𾪵ͬʱã⻹Ҷǿʵ
ܣⲻܵģҹ޷ʵͷҡø˹һ
ԭѹƵԪҶҲ⡣
ȴҶһлܣ
ֽȻķĴֱ޷ݡ
һ̣гŲźͲʡкܶǿ似ûʹá
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ҲãвҲգʵʤ۱硣
ˣһͿأ
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¹Ȼʵףѹ»˵Ƴ㡣һսһȫԸ
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֮⣬֮ǰҹֵܸ䣬ҲһЩѵ
ҹһҹҶȹΪǿ֮꣬УʱľһȻ˭ȻϾӮˡ
һ·磬ʵ޼£Ҫؾ漸ǲܵġ
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ҹһһȣˣ絶Ҷļͷնȥ
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Ҷνд裬²ǽ˼򵥵ܾˣ»иѵĵȴԼԲˡ
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ҹһ֪ҶжôǿһҶȻҺԼⲫʱЦһ
;ʥĴϴԶԪʿǿ

ΪȭҹһԥһȭҶȥȻʵѾѹƵԪ۷壬ϾԪ۷壬ھԾɳҶһС硣
ҶƫͷͬʱһϥײҹһĵϷȥȻд裬Ȼɱ֣Ҷһϥײҹһĵˡ
飡飡
죬Ҷļͷҹһһȭ˲佫Ԫ۵״ˣʵʵĴļϡ
Ҷ·ûоһûжʲô˺
ҶһϥײȴһӽҹһɳȥͰԵԪݿһֱӹҹһķ
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⡭
ҹֵЩĿɿڴǵɴ۾һؿҶǸо·ʣôôǿ
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üĿת֮ԼľϵҶʾãȡҶ۱ս
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غҹһ۵ɫŤˣôҲ벻Լҹʥ̥ڵţѹΪ֮ȻҶһжˣݴ˵ʵ̫ˣ
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˻һϰɣһһĻ˭ҲӮҡ
ҶҹһˣٴοڣղŵսѶҹһԪսһ˽⣬ſԻʤ
ৣ
ҶĻҹһ˵ɫһһף
ڼҶ֮ǰֵΪҶƳ磬ֳԷ̣֮ҲǸ䡣
֮ͬ£ȴҪֲܺҶһս
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ƹƣǶ֪ΪһسӣҪΧҶˣ
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ҹһվסҵѪʥ˵
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Ψҹǳ֮ǰѾҶһˣɲصޡ
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ǳʱһĥϣĬ
ҶҲ֪ܵʱ䣬ʱϵԽöԼԽĴ󣬶ܹöĵϸ
ԣҪսپҹһ˻ûԼϸʱͿٽǻܣд衣
飡
飡
ҶѸײڶ֮ƣһȭҹȭͷȥͬʱֺҹһƣֱӽˡ
ҶһֲջأһסҹţߵסһҹĹ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶһɽԼˣݺݵײҹĵǰֱӽײɳȥ
һ棬ҹһ˵Ĺ㱻Ҷٶȵڼ̵ʱ߽ˣơ
ҹһҹ˲ûˣҹһԼǰĹĿҹ֪ˣջȭͷҹһδѡ
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Ҫ֪ȻǶѹΪ֮ǰʥ̥ǿߣѹΪıʲ䣬Ծʥ
ɾ£ҶȴԾܹڼ̵ʱڽ˷ֱܣ˵ʲô
ǸΪսǵûһʤ㣬Ҷʵս޷Ƴ
·Ϊ˻ӦҹһƵģһοˣʱˣ¶ô۱ǶˣٽȫԸ




1163 ķڷ
ৣ
Ļҹһֵ˻һ߲֮ɫ
ͬ˵ȷʵܶ
ǲһҶҶܣ֣ȻС
󣡡
ҹһͺһ̽һ任λã󷨣ҶΧ롣
һɣʱʾ˳ûг֣Ҷһѹ
Ҵһűϵܹ޶ȵĽ˵ĹŴͬʱһ塣
һ̣ҶԵѾˣǺ϶Ϊһһ壬޴ѹ
ܹΪ۱ܳţΪǿ֮⣬ҲǷǳİ
ʵǿܶʿ˽֣ҲҪͷʹ㲻ûճ
һҶϾͲôˡ
ڵϾԿһӼң˾ͨ似֮⣬ҽ࣬ŰԶŽо
꣬ҲҶԸԸѧֱһԽԼΪõĶҶ
ҲҶûʲôͯꡪ˶ѧϰжȹͯ꣬򽫾ѧϰϣѧϰ̫Ķ
ЩںǷǳõģִһЩǳѵʱΰΪġ
һΣҲ⣡
󷨵ԭǸؼԪصıú˹ϵһ󷨣ǳǿ
ҹһҹ˷ֱռ˽ľˮĸλҹΪ˵á
ڵҲ˵Ϊɱǿ󣬶ľͳɳ
ϷΪͬǳϬ䣬ΪˮͻκιҲǳǿ
ֻϧ޼ҶռˣҹֻΪϵ˵һŦ
ԣȻҹĹǿȴŦֻҪܣơ
Ҷ֪ģҪȴô׵飬ҹһҹȫҹ壬չǿĹ



һʱ䣬ӰȭХ
Ҷȫѹ·磬ֻм֮û˻֮
ҹһ֮ϼĬԲսһߣҸԻֵҶĹҶʼձ֮С
֮⣬д裬ಫ
ΪˣҶҲЩᡣ
һ棬Ҫһ𲢼սģھͽìܼ˾ԲҪġ
һ棬ܹ˻ܣܿѰҾۻ굤ϵʱûôˡ
Ϊ龡ľѰҾۻ굤Ĳϣֻܽ˻ܡ
̸ף
˽֮󣬼һ壬۹ĸ򶼻ĸͬʱ
һʱ䣬Ҷҹһ˵սֳ״̬
Ҷκβҹһˣͬڶʱò
ҹһԽԽľ
дδǶҶӱ
ΪֽĻʥغ͵崫ԪҲδؿռ˱ˡ
Ҷ˹֮⣬Ҳҹһ𾪲ѡ
ȻѹΪʥıȴû䣬ɼι䵽ҶȴûвӦеЧ
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ҶÿһηֳԲĸо
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ҪҹǹؼֻҪܹ֣ƣһʧȥҹӣ˾ͻɸΪսʱԼܷƣǸơ
ҶҹһҲͬҹıΪӣҶҪҹ嶼ףҪܾ͸ˡ
ֻܱ¶ʵˣ
ȨΪ˾ۻ굤ĲϣҶֻñ¶ʵˡ
ಣ
뵽Ҷ˫˲ɫһ֮蹬ȻȻһָ糤ȴƥ
֮һƵ˸ÿ˺ܶࡣ
꣡
ֱ֮Ӵҹüģһûֱӹҹϡ
ҹ׻һﵽ˶ݵĿհס
ʧ

ҶϹһȭȭ£ȭһƥֱӽҹ˳ȥ
ҹ˳ֱҹֵܵ󷨳˾޴

Ҷԥץס˲ĻᣬһȭҹĻɡ
ȣ
ͬʱҶһȣ𵴣ӣҹһɲǼʧˡ
ҹʵҹǿһѣǿϺҹһȲԶˣҶץסᣬһлܡ
̶һ˲䣬ҶŤתƣʤȯˣ˽ƣ໥ϵԾɲҶĶֻ֣ʣҹһҹֵˣսʤҶˡ
Ҷҹܵһ˲䣬ҹһ֪ˣҹ󷨵ؼڣҲνۣһˣ˵Ʋơ
ڸΪսҪҶǲܵġ
ҶѸײڶ֮ƽҹҹ֮ҹһ̾һٴˣˡ
žžž
ҹһĻ£һ߹һ΢Цųȥ˷ƣһҶ
Ҿ˵õ͵꽣ûȻҲˣ
Ҷǰ鲻Ц˵ȴǰľҶõ꽣೤ʱ䣿ɽܳ幥ֱǸ̥
ҹһ˵ͷ߲֣뵽֮ǰĲҪҶһ޲Ҹطȥ
֮⣬Ҳ֪ҶˣǾͲôˣпܻˡ
ķڷ
ҹһ˶ǰһҶֵܣղֵܶе㲻Ҫһʶ
ȥ¾ͲҪˣֻҪֵԺҪøղŵ󷨶ԸҾˡҶЦŴȤʱԭεջ˲١
Ҷֵܣи⣬ϣҵĺġ
ջͣҹһԥһ£ʳеɻ󣬡㾳ͣսˣֱԪ޵Уʥغ͵ĴˣҲδǿ㡪㵽ôģ




1164 ӦԼ
Ҷֲ߸֪
һ̣ҹһֵ˶ǸղȻˣķڷҶͬʱҲ֪һСŵҶһ̥ġ
ǣ鶼ŶҲܺҶսΪλ졣
ˣʥصʥӺ͵߳ᴫˡ
ҶԪһССеĵӣԴ涼ʥӴûȣȴвʥӵʵǱǳ档
ǺӣҶ΢΢һЦʵ˵ҲûʲôΪ֮ǰԪؾеõһЩҺҺ壬ҵʵ;粻ͬȾ΢һЩ
˱˵ȻӰ
ҶĽͺҹһ̾ѣǱţھ۱ҪʲôıûУ
ȴûҶõĻҺǿģǸҺ֮һ
һʱ䣬˷׷ĽҶĻʱȻܹõҺĶֱõ˱
ǲ֪ҶҺʱʲôǣͬļҲҺҲδ֪
Ҷĵƿɲ꽣̳۵²šܿҪȭҪе۱ϡ
ЩҶĵƣǲᱻκ֪ģ磬۱ֻɱ֮
ЦĿҶŮ˵ֱҶ˵Ҳ٣Ͽ϶ܣҺܶࡣ
ûдɳʵס
ÿ˶ԼܣԼҲ⣬ԣ˲Ը˵ģǲҪĺã֪̫˲ûкô
ҹһĽʺ޵ͬʱԶͻȻһ΢Щˣĸ
ţ
ͻȻһ·ˣܻҵġ
飬ԭﰡһҡֵһ˵һߵǰ
ʦʲô𣿡
΢Цſʵ˽Ϊ˳ǸȴϲЦһСľͻᱻûס
ģղ¥¥¥С֯һСС²ᣬСһֵμӲᡣ㣬ȥμӣǻؾˣ
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˵ˣҹһֵӵģҲԽ޴ҡ

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¥ҹһǰȥԼȫǿھ۱ǿϣԼʲô
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һ˵ڶ࣬ȥʶҲ
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¥ڳǾһԣܾ¥µ룬Ȼ¥ҲҶԾ۱ôԾ۱ӡ϶̫ãĴɡ

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ҹļһ䣬ҹһһԺȥҶ
ҶҪţһͻȻסʾ
ûҶü
ûҲҽǴСĸۡҲʲôطһССԪʿģ
һ߸ϵӣղűҹһнѵһ٣һҶ
ҲܽŤͷҹһʵλʹǵǴСзԸһɲ׼롣
ǵӣǵѣͬʱҲǾ۱ĹѵҲܽȥ𣿡
ҹһɫƵĿղǰƺ󹧵ӾⲻˬҶüͷ˲šһ
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־ɣʵڲţҹֵ˶ʥ̥ţôһԪڵСʿѣ
ôѵҶֲܳΪǵѣУһ¥µ²ᣬǵѣ۱ĹûʸμôĻֵҲûҪμˣߣ
ҹһɫ˲׼ͷ뿪


1165 Ʒ

ۿҹһҪͷ뿪ʱ
¥ȻС;۱ȻԶԶ磬ҹһΪ̬ȲãȥĻǳе
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˵ţүүһҶԺ
~
Ҷʧ֮˲һͬʱҲǳɻ
ǿҶƫ󣬶ʵҲԪڶѣûǶߣôǾ۱ŵѣһǾ۱Ĺ
ǿ̫ϳˣ
ƶĳһеķΪǵϵȻΪôλףԲܳΪ۱Ĺɣ
жϡ
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Ŷԭҹһֵܵѣղˣ֪ĸϴڵµӣ
ҹһĽͣغǰҶ˫ʵ
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һСŶѣֵһᣬ˵Ҳգ
Ҷ˵ʵݵһЩźͼ壬ԪݵɵȷСţǺСš
ٶˣȻڷܣ˵Լĳδ̫˰ɣ
ǰȻǾ۱ĹһҲ٣ƽкϷˡ
ҶĻش𣬾󲿷ֳǵŶΪҶڷغʵЩ
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ΨҹһֵһϷʵЦû˵ǺҶжôǿ
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ҹ壬ͬʥ̥ڵʿʱпͻƵԪڡ
ʵսϣҹʵսغСֻǿ
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ڰıУҲûսʤҶһûѹʵ£غ͸ҶĶˡ

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֮⣬غ֮ǰΪ¥µѥӣĵ˵Ҫɱ¥ʬΣҶǵһ
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Ͼǿ˫֮ʵ̫ˣҶغдֻȡ衣
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һԪڵСʿѣȻҺʥ̥ǿд裬ⲻŰʲô
ҶӦغսըһΧغչҹֵ⣬ûΪҶغĶ֡
˵Ҷоܹ䲻սʤغأ
һ˵
ǰҶ˵˶֪˵ΪҶԲغĶ֡
Ǻǡ
Χ˵ۣغǵΪܣǳ߰ĺǺһЦҶ˵ɣȻʥ̥Ϊ˱ʾƽñΪž߶۸㣬ҾͽʵѹƵԪдһɣ
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Ϊ˱ηôŭҲȽԼʵѹƵԪ
ܿ죬غطԼʵѹƵԪ۷壬ʥı޷ı䣬ӵʥġ
Ѿ㹻ˣʥԿԪռ˱ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰ޵ıֵĻ뽫ԼʵѹƵҶȵľ硣
ৣ
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ѹʵĻһȭȻʥ̥ԺڣƾʵҶܣʥ̥
غĹҶһ·ɵһ
ˣ
һĻҹֵ⣬˶ΪⳡҪˡ
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Ҷˣ
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Ҷһǧɾغȭͷ˳һƳغ
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Ӹūź󳾣غҲҶ˳ȥ




1170 ܣ
Ķ˵Ķϻص
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һ£غȻûˣȴغܲˣʱŭ£ѹƵʵ˲ָ۷塣
û뵽û뵽ԪڵʿȻӵǿĹ
ͬ˵ԤϣЩǾһд裬ԶԱ˴֮ǰʵ»Щ˽ġ
غʵڳЩǼûдҲš
ԭҶһƽɵ龰ŸЩ𾪡
ǿ⼸ǲܵģȴƫƫˣǴ
ҹֵڣһֵӣ˿Ϊ棬Ҷ޷һǲŻ֡
ŭˣ
ʢŭ֮µغѾ˲ʲôǿԴСˣֻҪܹҶܣʲôν
ղűҶɵһ˲䣬غԼ·Ӵ޺ݺݻһʥĻղһˡ
£֪ѹʵԲսʤҶֻܽԼʵָ۷״̬ԾʵѹҶС

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Ҷһǿǿжѹͻжķ
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¥һԲ۾ҶɫĮвʱйâ֪Щʲô

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ҶӦĳӴ򲻿ܵõ꽣ı
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鿴Ҷ˵¥ǲɱģʵⶼҪˣƾ飬Ѿ׵¥ҡ£㻹ҪȥĻǳΣգ¥ҲŹģڼǾ۱ȻΣա
¥رǷɱܵܵ˶Ҫˣڲӣưոݣ
Ұ½Լ׳ɵĹأһ棬һǿ߲òСľ¥Ȳ̫ˣѾʥ̥ڲ˵ӵ߸ڶ࣬¥¿ϷŹ㣬ЩӵҲŹġ
˵ͣƬ̣ŶҶ˵Щ⣬Ҫľ¥µδҾţӣ츳ˣȻʮ꣬ȴѾʥ̥۷ΪݶǾԵ¥£Ҳ൱ڼӵĵõӣ
ĻҶ˳Ĭ֮С
ҹһҪҶȴ֪ô˵ѾˣҶ۱δܹȻĴгοǣ
ҶĬʱ̾˿˵ʵڵģĲȥðգ㲻ȥĻ̫ϧˣпܽĻԵ
Ϊʲô
ҶЩ⣬Ըȥգ⣬ǲȥпܺĻԵʧۣ֮ôĻԵʲô
ġ
鵭һЦؿҶһۣ⿪յס
˵ľѾȥһΣĿľȥ̽һô£ûʲô޴Σա
ʥ̥ǿӦΣյĻĽʧһܽ룬
ǿ߾һΣգȷһϾȻߵķĹ
оǿ߶ˣ
ʵߺųƴ֮µһˣ
ʵ̫ǿˣܹλɹΪһλǿĴۡ
ϧ˳ɵ۵֮У˵˷ɻңʲôû£ȻһĹЩ˼ˡ
һʼЩǿǸͲһģΪǴСõϢ߱˷ɻңȴķ㣬ôܣ
ǰһȴǲܲţΪǲϢҩԳܹϡ
Ȼˣǲܵģܹôػһпܵģܶ۵߶һҩ档
Ȼûܳɵۣʵڴۣ׼۶Ķ֣һҩҲǿܵġ
˵Ͼ֮У࣬˵κҩʺ
⣬ҲŨϢһǿΪ̽ĸϸðսϢǵ򣬲㵱˷ɻңǿֲŽȳ
ˣʣ϶ߵķصأֻǲ֪صоʲô
ϾǵļǱģӦʬŶԡ
߻ߴ˵ֻҪһѪûǾȫܹԭʲôʬ壬ȴأ
ܵܣǷ֣֮ʧҪһǣпߵĹҪˣԲŵеɢȥ
ʱ˭ܹĹأпܵõµıغʹС
κһ˵ǷǳģЩûдۻߵ۱еӴŻʥء
ߵĴУԼĵܷɵۣҲһڴ۵Ĵˡ
ϢǴģҲ֪˭͸¶˳ܶʼסˣЩźͼ塣
Ҷ֮ǰԪؾ֮֮ߵıغʹеļʽԶԶˣ




1174 ˵ľ
ߵĹء
鱬ϢҶҶҹһֵ˷ǳ𾪣
ôҲû뵽ĿȻ߳˹ϵ
ò˵ܹõߵĴкͱأԺ·зǳİ
˵黰һתŵǰܻС֮У֮⣬ʥ̥ţʥصʥǰǶв̫ˣ
ҶĬ
Լܹ֮սҹһֵˣҪΪǶʵѹƵԪ
仰˵ҹһ˲ѹʵȫֵĻҶ޻ᡣ
У·žԲὫʵѹƵԪ෴Ƕóǿʵ컯
ЩҶĳ̫ôǿ¥ôŰ裬ҲԼĵƣ潫ƵЩ˾Բù
ĻȴҶһݡ
֮⣬һʥ̥ʿҲǰɸŵţ峤Դӣ
Щź峤ǲܽģȴӦһźһʥ̥ʿѰԵ
Ҳ˵ܹҵصõߵĴкͱأ뿪֮ʱҲź͸峤Ľɱ˵꣬ؿҶ
ҶõߵĴкͱأȫˣǲܵġ
ΪҪţӵ˵׷ɱ»Ҫݵţһʥ̥ʿл
һ򲽽ҶܹɹһУô˵׷ɱ»õߵıغʹУô뿪ʱҲҪűŻ߼š峤ء
Ҷ˵Ǳ֮֡ôǿߵΧ׷½л
ΪһУûҪҶȥǽȨҶϣԼȥǲȥ

ҶȥĻʧȥõĻԵȥĻǾһ
˵ʮ
һ̣ռѹ֣ҹֵ˶˵ˣһļž˭Ҳ֪Ҷջôѡ
ҹֵ˽ŵĿҶ˵ʵȻҶ˸ͷȴһҲ෴Ҷǿʵ·ʮ͡
һѹֵĳĬ֮ٴοˣСܵܣһȰĻھͼǾ۱ѾǾ۱ˣ޷ֹһ׷ɱٿԱ֤ĵõߵĴУźͼš峤Բ
ҶԣſڴƻƣҲûаŵĳɷ֡
ׯ;۱Ϊ鼰½ӴȻβûоִӣûһĴ˵õغʹ֮ɱ
ĸôˣ۱ս
˵ĻѾ˵ˣˣɡ鲻ٶ˵ȴҶ𸴡
ҹֵܵĵȴУҶˣȴû𸴣ǷʵȻߵķĹΪʲôûһţ
Ҷǳĵط˵ֽڴ۵ǿߵķĹбȻвٺöڣҪ˵Щǲܵġ
ǵʥأԽڴ۵ǿߵķʱҲ޷
ǳ֮⣬Ȼ񲢲֪һʵЩ벻ͨ
ġ
Ҷ͵ǰ飬ʥػߵ塢ϴڵ˿϶ֵģڲᡣ
Ϊһ۵Ĵ֮سʥغ͵˷׷׳Ϊ۴Уһ۱֮ս㽫ٵ
Ժ󣬸ʥغ͵˱ʶȥ½Ϊսٵģ㲻ٵҲὫĵĴϴεĴսõ֤ʧȥ˵۱ĵ۱Ҳв̶ͬȵĻ𣬼첻ˡ
ǵҲٴĴսˣԣ֮Լһأ˽ʹ۵ĵżͷĹ֮⣬ؾߵżĹأֻڵеȥᣬǵ廹ʥءϴڶò룬Լ֤
ȻǱΪԹ֮µһˣ˫ϾûܳɵۣԣȻðƻصķһţһĸ֣Ȼᱬ޴ĳͻпٴս
٩٩̸ΪҶ֮˵Ǿ۱ׯ鼰½ҲֻǲֲŲ룬޷ʥӳ֡
ĽҶĹֶһЩ˽⣬鲻Щʥص˲ǸͲ
ҶҲеģϾЩʥŴ۴еģЩϴҲһ
ӴЩԼ
ǿ϶ɰѱһЩС
ϾߵĴУڴ۵ĴҲ鲻ȥߵܹλɹĻʣдǿһ
ҶĬˣ̾˿㲻żúÿһ£ҵľ
ˣҾȥҲҪ֮ǰĳŵŴ֮ǰ뿪ɣ
Ҷᶨϲ·֮ǰ˵һжûκӰ졣
ȷһȡ
ȻҶһЩ˽⣬Ҳû뵽Ȼô˾
ϾҶˣ
Ҷ֣㻹ٿһ°ɣҪ֪У˿ɲֵ֮ǰдʱѹʵ
ҹһҲȰȻҶʵ൱ȴҲ֪ûѹʵʥ̥ڵʵʥ̥ľɱҶ
ԵĶʥ̥ʿӺʥش˼һЩһʿʥ̥۷壬ҶҪЩԵǲܵġ
ȷ
Ҷᶨͷ漴ҹһ˵ҹһַģҾԲԼЦġ
ƾʲôôţ
Ҷᶨҹֵʮɻ




1175 
ƾʲô
֮ǰ˵һеʱҶ㰵Ϲͨ
ϸܹյõߵĴкͱصĻ뿪ʱ򣬳Գأȫ߶ڣɻɱκߣȷİȫ
ϵⷬҶ¶ģΣҲҪȥһ⣬޷õУֻҪܹҵƾۻ굤Ĳϣһ˶ܡ
ȻЩȣҹֵܶûʣ֪ҶǾԲıġ
ڶһ磬Ҷҹֵһǰ
Ǿ൱Զһ·ݺ֮ǰݵ϶ˡ
һ˵ǿԽ򣬷ǲᶯôֺʾ޴󷨵ģֻܷйȥ
ȻˣԾ۱ӴȻǿķʿֻҪڷ֮мɣԼķԪȥС
ζõһҹϵķս߲˵ĺۼɼǳҵսձġ
ͷޣѾﵽԪ۷ľ硣
Ӿ˵ͷĿҶľҪߣɼ۱жôĲƴˡ
ڷ޵ȫ£ս·ǻʵһһϷɶȥ
һ·ϣҶʿǶԷУǳзǵԷɹɼ˲ʿ
ҶڵִıԵʱԵѾвٵʿˣֻЩʿһЩСʵˣŵ˻ûе
۱˵ЩСʵĴ˷׷ǰкҲЦһһӦ
۱Ȼǿ󣬵ȴῴκһΪЩСʵʱҲǵˡ
ܶ౦ﶼЩСĵӻã֪޷¾ͻύ۱任ԼԴ͵ҩȵȡ
ڷǳ㣬Щ˷ֲҲǳɢڵȴյĿڵһʱ롣
ҶҹֵܵһǳõλͣĵȴĿ
ᣬҶһ˵е
ڵûжˣԾЩʵӣ̫С
˵Ķʵǿʿ˴ǸűƲҲܿЩаţȻܹʿߡ
Ҷ￴ҲܹԶľ룬Ϳˡ
Զľ룬Ҷͷ˲ٵĺǣģҲ޵ġ
ӿЩ²⣬Ҷжп϶һǳΣյĴ֮ءЩ׾һغˣɼ̺Σա
ʱеݸź峤Ҳ׷״ԼŻ߼Ÿϵ
һЩһʥ̥ǿҲ׷׵ִϢ˾֪ЩҲ
ڼݵ˵
һװĶϺȣһҹϵսѹնľȻͷԣÿһ߰ɳɫƬ·ɭĹâ
໡
·ΪԼ׳һͷͬһʱ䷢˳ƵĺХǧ
Ҷо֪һûޣһ˵޷κģܹѾļ
ܹͷɼжôǿ󣬿˵ѾЩϴˡ
Ҷ۾пȥȻһһ߰ڴͷͷڣһϣһǳڸλλȨصǿߡ
ߵվżʿʥ̥ʿһ֪ǲЩԵġ
ڵĵݵǿҲ׷׵ϣӴ
ڵ߻رܣ
ڼݵÿ
ݷҼеϵǰ

еӴҲ׷׵Ԫݵľ޵۹ͬǰ
޵۹Ȼһȣ䱾ʺŲ˶٣ֻǽѡ
ÿһǿŵĵһ󾪺ЩС˷׷˱ܣõλøǡ
Щ˶֪۱ǿȻ飬۱ҲǲŵǰЩȴҲ۱һӣڽ֮׷ǰк
λСֵ˭ô˵ҽԪڵΪҲô
ں֮󣬺ܶ˶߾ȻһԪʿеǳ˼顣
һЩСǰҲѡѡĶʥ̥ʿ
ڳôУΨҶһԪʿⲻܲ˸е档
ҶҲ˺ȺĴڣһԪСʿڶʥ̥ǿ֮Եôۡ
ԴˣҶһҲ⣬ΪȷԪڣ޷ģô˵ҲûȨȥֹ
˲ʶҶׯĴȴʶ
ΪׯĴԪǲμŴлϣлʯ
Ҷ;۱һлʯһ̾ôõһӣջ䵽˾۱
麮˼֮лʯӺ߿ˣͬѡһڵһʱλͣϢ
лʯߣҶһ˱˹պͨǿߣ
߻һһϣĿ࣬лˡ
ҶһۣͷʹڱܹƲ˱ȻǾ޵۹Ļʵۡ
Ȼ޵۹Ļʵ۲ûмҶȴԾɵһ۾зΪҶʵ̫ˡڳôΨһһԪʿ
Ȼܣֻʥ̥µʿܹǸԾŬɳԼʥ̥ǿߣûκһŻɳԪʿ
ԭԪʿ̫ˣʥ̥ǿߵʱ򼸺ûԱ˵Եˡ
һЩͻԵҲΪʵöȥ
ԣԪҶԵ÷ǳˡ
ڸոʱ㷢ҶŶУʱзǳź
ҶЩǱˣȻĿǰΪУǱǺƷж޿޵ġ
һӣ˾۱УҲֻܶ̾Ϣ
ׯлϲͬûеõҶ׿ȷ֮ǰǲġ
ԣᣬž޵۹ĻʵǰһǸкѯҶûм۱
麮˼ֱ֮ӽҶϣЦЦĿҶ˵ϲҶСֵܣڼ˾۱󣬴Ӵ˿ֱˡ
ϣˣҲûм۱֮ʱҹֵһͬѰһҶЦ
ʲôûм۱𣿡
ǳ⣬ԭΪҶѾ˾۱û뵽Ȼģʱдϲ̲סȷϡ
ûҶСܵܲδǾ۱󡣡ʵʵ˵
ȻˣԾ޹ʵ۵ݣٴ㷢ֿ룬ϣܼǾ޹
Ļ£޵۹ĻʵͻȻڣҶ׳֦




1176 Ⱥۻ
ӿڣΪԪҶ˴Ŀ⣬޹ʵ۵֪Ҷûм۱󣬾ȻԶҶ롣
ЩҶԤϣ
Ȼ
Ҷڣ΢Ц˵ǰȻƤӵ˲ðɣȻǾ޵۹ĻʵۣҲİ

޵۹ʵХʱһ죬εҪ
˵һҲû޵۹Ҷ۱ͬãѾ˲ٵͶ룬ʱ޵۹ҪغܴӦ
ԼܾԲ˵С㣬ȻҶڸվһ𣬵ǻûǾ۱𣿻Լĺã˵أ
ͷţҶ۱󶼲룬Ҫ˵޵۹ˣעһӻҡ
ҲҶԼΪԼжϺġ
һ̣Х顢ҹֵܵĿȫҶϣȴĴ𸴡
¡¡~
ûҶ𸴣ͻȻ˹װıԵ
Ӳͬķ߸ϹϵսǳӴսչ졣
һսϺɫĴ֣ƷǷľȻǰƥ
һַǳޣȴʳģƬԼɣȥ쳣
Ȼʥصˣֿˡ
սٽһǿˣ˾ѸΪÿ㹻Ŀռ䡣
Щ˺ʥزܿģΨбâС
ЩǿļһʼʱǳŰ裬ʥس֮ҲѸٱʵ
Ȼǿ󣬵ǺʥȻǲ˲ֹһëʥأɳһǿ߶пܽļȮ
ʥ֮⣬һڸͬһʥأչš̫š֡
̫ʥصҲˣıغͻԵûʲôˣʥأϻûҺ;۱ׯѾǷǳǿĶˡ
ҲδأȻʥغҷǳǿԼĹ򣬲ʵǿܹõԵģͬϣ
һЩСΪԼͬʱʥҲһŸеǳߣΪ̫ǿˣУ˭ҺԵ
ͨ˵ۣҶʥһЩ˽⡣
ʥݣһ˺ܾõӴȻûгֹۣȴֹ׼۵ǿߣ̷ǳ
׼۱ҲǷǳǿı׼۱׼۵ĴУʥȻ壬ͬǷǳǿĴУԳƵǶ򶼻Ӵ
̫ʥҲһ̫ʥûгֹۣҲûгֹ׼ۣȴ˲ֹһߣ̫ʱڱ㴫νʷԶ˺üλ۵ʱڶû˥
ܶ۶̫ʥطǳҲӵ̫ʥǴ֮еԡ
ʥصĲ룬϶ЩСźͼ岻Ǵ͵ģܹɵһЩҩľͲˣߵĴкͱأ붼롣
ʥȻǿ󣬵ȴûŰ裬ƾԼǿȥѹЩСţѡһʵλñͣ
̫ʥغʥصλʥңң˸к֮㲻˵ĵȴʱ
Щ˵е鱦ҩʲôĶҪҪߵıغʹС
ÿһߵĴжпһʥصĵǾԲߵĴ䵽С
ԭܼ򵥣Լ飬ûйϵñõ˴еĻпܱǰᣬ֮ͲԼˡ
ʥصĵʱֳձ΢޵۹ĻʵХ춼ԾԼƣûҶشԼĻʱʥصĲ
ţ
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ܿ죬Ǳ㷢֣һƬŷ޵ʿһ˸߾һ죬ֻһ֡ࡱ
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Ϊų˵ЩʵҺ¥ҶǳųԼǿ벻
Ұ˵ôԣʥҲҪӣ͵ǼӵƲҡ
ΪˣҲŸӵŰ裬δǿֱӽǰһЩ˱ƵһԶܡ
ƺų˵Ȼݵĵһ壬ȴʥظʱǵʥصʥ΢΢üʾԼĲ
Ȼûгֹߣȴһ޽ӽߵǿߣд˵пջͻƵߵľ硣
һͻƵߵľ磬Ĵ¼ҲΪʥˡ
ЩʿǸŭԣΪǺԼҵľ룬Ҳ˵ܷͻǹؼһΪߡ
ĿǰѾ͵˵ĿǰĵλͲʥ֮£ʥҲмɵ
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٣ĻҪ߻ǣ¥˵ţߵһʹ˸ɫ
ৣ
⣬΢΢ͷͻȻ֡
һӣݴ˲ûһֵצֱҶȥҶκηӦֱӽҶץ˸š
˭Ҳϵıʣ
Ҷ߲Զ鶼û뵽¥˾Ȼҵô˵ͻȻ֣һʱ֮侹Ȼûüֹ
Ҷû뵽¥ҾȻ˵޼ɵϾﻹڶʿڣһʥصʥҲһʱ飬¥ҵֱץ˿С
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Ϊ̫ǿˣɲݣ


1177 ѹ
¥ִڣδκк
˵עУ¥ͻȻץסҶ
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ԣʥǳȴûгֻǾ䡣
С˭Ȼܹ¥ҵķԳ֣
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ĵĻ޵۹ձסҶҲƱػ¥ҽѽĳޣⲢԸ⿴ġ
ȨΪ˵۹棬ХջǾΪҶ˵
񡣡
ڶ̶һ˲䣬Х˾֮΢Ц¥˵ʵڲ˼Ҷ²֪飬Ȼ¥ҵ˽£Ǿ޹ܣǰ⡣
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ͬʱھҶԶһطһݵһǺ«Ҷˣ¶һ˿οЦݡ
漴߽һԭһӰʧӰˡ


1178 
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ܿ죬˱㽫ĿҶŲ¿ʼעĿ
У׷ҵϵŻ߼壬׼ֽˡ
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ܿ죬ڳǧ˷ֳ˼Ӫ˽ŵ֮ʥغЩ˵ļзѰԼĻԵ
۲ݵʱͻȻ䣬ԭѾɢͻȻŨ
УԶĿͻȻһӰ
Ӱһâƣһۣɢͷһ͸ı顣
ȻһӰȴһǿѹȸС
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Ӱγɵ߳վڿУֳһ׵ǹ£Ϣˣͷ޷Զ
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˶ʱߵӰȻԼըˣһ֮
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֮ų֣Ҳϱڶ˸ɾһƬʣڶҲʧˡ
ˡ
尡Ȼʧ
һ֮ųγɣ˶Ȼ򣬷׷зȥ
ոսûǰвǧףж˱ܵһɿµ׷׹䡣
ʥ̥ʿȻ޷УһĻûнʿӵһأ˭Ҳû뵽ĳ
ȣּ˰ɣ
һЩļŵʿֻһ߳ЦЩˤʿһ߼Ԧ߷
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˱˵ȻӰ˼ңȻһСųģȴ˾۱һӴЩ˦ԶԶء
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ڶ̶̲ʮ·УҶǾȻӶ˺üͷǿ֮ޡ
Щ޸ûиʲô鷳Ҷҹֵܶ㹻Щ޽ˡ
ǲУ飬ÿγֶɱ
ҶƲ⣬ӦбȽǿ޳ֲŶԣпĳЩлεԱ仯Ϊ˵ӡ
һ·ϣ޶ǷǳСģʥ̥ޣûʲô޳֡
żͷޱɱΧϢҲԽŨ
ҶɻôŨϢĵطΪʲô֣
ЩĳżȻǱȻ
СӣûϹʲôأ
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ǰĻߵĴбȻҵģ
ҶһԼͿ




1179 Ƶ
ϹͨҶϥڹϵսϣ񣬾ϸظӦϢһҵľ磬Ϣвİ塣
Ϊһڴ۹һ֣Ȼǳ¼ɬ
һƪҶڲиŬԾ޷
ʱҶ룬ǲԼʺôôʱ䶼޷š
뵽ɺܶŶ޷һЩĲƪ˷ëǣҲȻˡ
κһǿ似Ƿǳѵģ׾ͱ˵ĻҲͲǿˡ
Ǳһ뷨ҶʱЩ⣬ԽǿȴԽ޷
ÿһֶŷǳ壬ֲܽͣڽ΢һЩƫģǰڻоԽƫľͻԽء
ʧ֮壬ǧ˼
ԣΪ˽ҶòΨԼκһ֣򼴱ҲǴġ
򲻶ԣôŬջ񣬵ǽ̣ˡ
ҶеƵǣõֻһƪƪһҲûУ޷ݺһЩ롣
ܹõĻܹǰ֮ĹϵһЩ
£ҲֻͽκˣȫƾԼԣһȥ
ò˵ԣϢ˵ȷкܴ
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ҶЩƣκһںʵĻУˡ
֮࣬Ҳʮ
ߵʲôô
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1180 ĹѨ
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Լ֮ͬ⣬ȫǾߣԣЩ˶൱ľԡ
Ϊ·ϣѾ˲ٵĺǣĺǣҲ޵ĺǡ
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һë֮أϴнƣҲпܺδ֪ľ綾£Щôģǿʲôά
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һЩʵʥ̥ڻ߳ڵʿʱһ⻹ûнߵĹѨ֮оͳʥ̥۷ޣһ룬֪ʲôδ֪ա
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ʥӵսʵ̫ǿˣ
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ǾãǻԼʥ̥۷޵ʱҪһɱȵ컹ѡ
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й껣̫ʥصʥӣΪ˿Įĺ츳Ҳǿ󣬰ǰһսʤͬǰǿߣѸڸʥءŴԶĹ껣ҹһΪҶܡ
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֮г֮ÿһ֮ˮͰҪ֣н֮֯š
ҲܹоЩϢ𽥵ļţտ϶ȫʧġ
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һ֮ѳۣƺֻһ䡣
˵ʵĴˣѱ˻ܣѾվһľ֮ϣ
ʧֳ֮֮ܶ˶ۣΪѾ߱˵·۵ʸֻҪĴˣѳһܡ
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ͬʱҹֵ˺Ҳ׷׽֮Уʧˡ
ܾطھлôԵҾͶĶˣ
ҶʧıӰ




1181 ĹѨ֮
Ӱû֮ǽĹڣ֮ĹѨķ
֮źҶֻǰ׹һ̼öʱʲôҲˡ
һɲǣҶԼĸ֪ӵ£Ȼ۾Χ֮ڵκη紵ݶӲĸ֪
֪չ֮ҶȻ֣ϢԪؾиŨ궯Ϣ
ҺϴϢеĸоЩϢûжκε˺ִĸо
ָоҶһĬƪܸ٣һδεĸ֮İ塣
ƪ·ľһ㣬á
һĬ֮УҶ˽𲽼
Ȼ
Խ˽⣬ҶԽʵ̫ˣÿһĬжµᣬÿεֶһ·վԶһɽһῴɷ壬Զߵ͸ͬ
ৣ
ȻҶ۾ֻԼѾһȻγɵɽ֮Уɽǳ޴󣬿гſϢ
Ȼɽ֮ûκιԴ˿ӰھԺڰ֮УҲڰû̫
ߵ֮أϢ֮ŨԶһԪؾǿ
Լ֮䣬ҶָоܹõߵĴУһԽƪŽ޵еı
ǸʱսһʵûдﵽԪ۷״̬ҲȻܹɱһѪ·Χ
ɽͨ˴кֲܶڣһ·ϣҶҲСͼĵûͷӬһ㵽Ҵܡ

ǿ޳֡
ǰ̫Σˡ
·Ͳͨһͬ
ҶĶ߲ϴʱҲ˵ʿųɽ·ȥ
ߵıغʹȻǵջܴ󣬵ܶ˶֪֪֮ЩܹȾָģԾͲˣ
Ծдʿðǰǲģ㱦غʹкԼԵҲѰԼĻԵ
Щ˲ҪͻȻܳ޵ϮͬʱҲҪֳһֵľԿ޴ڵϢ
ЩϢҶûκΣǶ˾˵ˣϾÿ˶ġ
Щ˵ıҶûκȻҽҪʱΣա
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ǰǧ֮ҶĹѨʵ̫ˣһʱ˾ͷΣأ̫żǾһȫĵطһԴǿʵ
䣡
ҶһȭԵʯϣʱʯڴһİݡ
ڰ֮ҶĬĬƪƪÿһֶԺһĻطš
ߣϲʶҲޣ췣֮
ܸеļ仰ǶôİԵѡ
֮͵֮ߵ֮սѷڴ۵ԾûܳɵۣҪԭ֮ĳͷ
ʹ췣ⲻӦܹģ۶˵ˣֻ翵ܹһ㡣
ûɻδ֪۶ɻ˵ûɣЩ޷͵ġ
Ҫ˵ɣѾˣѾվ۷壬ȴںδ
ҶʱŵͻȻһǿϢԼ߿
Ҷ۾˫кһɽз·һ㣬һǿϢӿ
໺𡭡
һƵĺХһͷǿ޻ӲԶĲڳֱ֣Ҷ
ͷ޵ʱҶһŵĶʱⲻһͷԪ۷޶ѡ
ȻھͷޱҶǿҶȴûһͷԪ۷޻κβ
ͷ޵ӵҶǰһ
һһۼף׳һԲ䣬СԴһӻβͣβͼƺĹâһͲǡ
Ҷǰһһĳ࣬һֻ죬͵ӣж磬һС۾
һɫۼȴҶѽ鵽ȥ
ҶļУûһֻƬģǴɽϸźƬ
һôҲǴɽףǴӼ׵
߲ƣ߲
Ҷģļһ϶ǸӦԼϢΪԼǸ۸ӡ
ҶеֵǣκʳﶼûУ֮⣬жûκһôôģ

û뵽ӸոܹԵһʵѪ⣬̫Ҹжˡ
ͷ޿ԣһĥһ߻Ҷ·̽ⳡϷһ
ûϷ
ͷ޿ҶԪڶѣȲ̫ˣԲѴ֮ܽǰԼѪʳ
Һܺ棬ߵķĹɣ˵Ӧûκζɹʳõģôģ
ͷû̶ֵ˼ҶҲ֣ϣܹͷ޵ĿȡһЩԼõϢ

һЦĿҶһۣ൹Ǻ˼㲻𣿾ȻЩ
ͨҶ֪һ˿ҪлȡõϢͲܵƭˡ
뵽ҶһЦҿ㲻ҸҰɣ֪ǵܣȻ˵ȥǵ·
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ͷЦһȻûлΣ޷沿̫ı飬ҶԾܹĲм
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Ҷû뵽Щ޾Ȼһ񣬿֮ǰĲˡ
ˣҸոѪʳЩĴ𰸣ҵѪʳɣ
ͷĿ¶׹⣬һ촽¶ڰɭɭļҶ˹




1182 ɱ
ֻԸҪˣ
ҶһЦʱ¥µĻȷֻߣѡ
ʥ̥ڵޣҲֻߣʥ̥ڵޣһƴ
ǰһͷԪ۷ޣѹ

˵䣬ͷѾ嵽ҶǰŴһں̣ͬʱĲҧȥ

ҶһƳƽ͵ԪγһǽֱӽƳȥˡ
ͬʱҶüâһһʶ֮ͻأĳֱ֣նͷ޵ʶ
ݺ䣬ֱӽͷ޵ˡ
ʧȥףͷ޾â۾˲ðţƽɽһ̱ڵϡ
ϸ˵ͷ޲ûûѾʧˡ
ͷҲû뵽ԼĽȻһ绹ûԼǿʿһжûͱɱˡ
ȻɱͷޣҶȴ֪ԼǱˣ꽣кǿͻȻԣڶû¾ܹһɱ
ǾԶʿҲδرǿԣһ꽣˵ɱﵡ
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ৣ
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͵Ϯ
˶͵Ϯ
ҶΪջ𣬵侲ͬʱҲǳ𾪡һѿ˵ΪԶʤӦʥ̥ʿ
˳ŽâɨķȥҶϾͷ͵ϮԼˣƺҲûҪԼô󷽷վͨС
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Ҷ۾͵ϮĲǱˣ¥ҵһ߹ؼҵĴ٣²ϱܵغ
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Ϊ˸ԼѩܣҲΪ¥ҵͣΪ¥±ʾԼģغãԼҲҪҶɱ
ү͸ľᣬȷҶ£ﻹ
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ৣ

һѪâغֳѪչҴı罣ħһ㣬һҶʮιж
ĹҶȻ壬ܵͬʱȭףǿƵغغӲӲ
䡭
˼һ˵Ľսһ𣬽âɽʯϵĻɱ촷ۡ
ҶֱȭͷӲغеѪƷ޼Ҷȭڹмǿ֮ÿһȭһɫѪغȥ
غа𾪡
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Ҷһȭâ˸棬ɼʱĸǷǳЧġ
Ϊʥ̥ڵغҲô׶ԸģԴϴδ֮ҶΪܴ衣
⼸Уغǰڷܵʥվ
ڼ϶ҶѾһЩ䱸ҶҪʱڽɱҲ̫ס
ԼĹ֮Ҷд󶨣֪ʱĸûа׷ѡ
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غ󾪣Ȼ˵Ҷõ꽣õг顣
ôҲû뵽ҶȻôʱڽ꽣ľ硣
һʱ飬ʱҶ֮ʶ֮

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Ҷ֮ʱ䲻һ˲ʧˡ
Ȼ
̶̵һ˲䣬ȴغ⵽ش
˿ɲˣ˵ĻڶʱڻսȼʥǿԼս
ġһˣ޷Ĳʥսˣʧȥս
㲻Ҫɱ𣿡Ҷһغƽ˵
ûлش
غͷʹѣһʵĿ𽥱ƽҶֺڣ֪Ҷҽɱ
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Ҷһֱûж֣غһŶ
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غϣʱҶٴοڣһ겻û˿Ķҡ·ղغ˵Ļûбһ

ܵҶ˿ûжҡɱغĿ־ˣʵ
·
˵꣬Ҷһȭֱӽغ򱬡
غѪɽ궼ûӳֱӱҶ֮ɱ


1183 Χ
Ҷɱغ֮󣬺ؽغĿռʥ̥ƷѪչ鼺С
ЩսƷ
ҲһĵĹء
仰˵սĻغҲԲŹĿռȭס
ţ
ҶոսغĿռеĶչ鼺УѪʱͻȻӦغϢ
֣Ҷһղźغ֮ĴսȻᾪݵš
ΪߵĹѨ֮Уʲô鶼пܷΪԵҲãΪ˽˽֮ĶԹҲãʿ֮϶ᱬսġ
̫ˣһݣ֮ҲڲٵìܣЩŵĴһսǲɱġ
ݵŶҪݵǾͱҪС
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ͬҶԤϵһһЩݵŸղŸӦغϢжϳغ˷սһʱϹԮ
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ҶôӣغҲɱݽ֮أ
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ϾǶغʵҲ˽ģǵ˽⣬Լһһܷսʤغδ֪
غżҴѪѪغ绢
£˵ҲһԪڵʿǣҪնɱغǲܵġ
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⧲Ҷ֮նУһԭء
ʱҶ˫ȭȭϣȭдâ˸֮ȫǰ
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ǰű֮նУܴδع񣬱ȭâУըѡ



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Σʱ̣ҶȼԪԼٶޣһһ㣬ȥڵλó˰ΧߵĹѨ




1184 ԩҲͷ
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ͷԶһһɳ׵ǹǹɫĵ⣬һͷǳ
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࣬ĿضҶҹˣɱŨ
Ȼûۿδ¥µʬ壬һ·ûз¥£ͨҶҹ˼һܣף¥¿Ѿ׶༪ˡ
ΪһˣһΪһŵˣԼδ޶ˣնɱ
ԣǳ裡
Բ̵ģ
ܽҶ˻ɱⱲҲûҪǰˣһᱻ˴ż˵û£ԼŮ˶ˡ
֮ԶҶҹ˶ɱΪãҶҹֻɱ¥¡
仰˵ŽƾҶһԪڵʿնɱ¥£
ӣأ
ҲӲˣҹ嵲Ҷǰʵ
Цһ󣬵ҴأѪծѪ·

£ӹϳ֣һ߷âݺݵҹͷ£
ಡ
ҹ󾪣ŭһһ߰˼͵Լװһƶıݡ
顭
Ȼھʵǰκηͽ͵ģ߰˼͵һһӵߴˡ
漴Ʋ˥ĺݺҹϣ
ۣ
һ죬ҹԴһѪԽĴŽʶˡ
һУ
һУӱ㽫ʵʥ̥ڵҹɱˣ
Ҫ֪ÿһʥ̥ɹʿţǰȴ˵Ĳһ
ҲӲӡ֤ʵ
Ϊݵһţʵӹɣȫʥʥһ£
ˣңô
ɱҹ֮ӻĿת˲ԶҶ
ϣܲڲ¶۱ǰ´߶۱ɱⲣҶϹͨ
ʵֲӣҶû˿ʤ㣬ֻܰȣϣܹ֣߶ڽӻɱˡ
ɱѣһ˾ڵĻᱩ¶Ϣҽͨϵʿ޷һɱˡش
ڸô죿Ҷʵ
ҹѾˣһֵˣܶþڵĻǱ֮֡
ɣ׺֮ݱһʱСӾǿҲԲҸֻҪ׺֮Уɱݡ顣
׺е֮㲻û׺֮Уⲻ˭׺֮дҶЩ塣
ȱæŷҵ˼ӣ׺֮ϽռС׺е֮ȷǿκβ˵۱ֺ
ͣһԱ֤ڲᱩ¶Ҳܱһá
ҶȻ򣬰ԼͿ
ڽ׺֮̽ռжܵĻɥļʺСķѾʼ֮׺еֿɲǻûġ
ʱ޶࣬ڻɱҹ֮Բ̫ʱ䣬Ҫϡ
ھ׺ӵıԵֻҪһգ۵Ĺ׺УʱӾԲ׷
뵽ҶٳɣӹһЦȷɱô
ţ
ӲһҲû뵽ҶǰȻұֵô޿֡
ʲôƣ
ʶأӿֳһͷ
ҶвΪ֪ĵƣ򲻿ܺҹɱ¥µһȺˣҲǰ޿֡
ûд𰸡
ಣ
ͬʱҶһ׺ӡ
䣡
Ҷ׹׺֮Уµ֮ɱ壬Ҫɱ
ҶĻԪ˲仯ΪУǰδеĳҲ⵽ش
Σʱ̣Ҷһò˲ռ֮С
һпƸӣʵֻǵʯ֮䣬ֻҶ׺֮У󱻿񱩵׺𣬳ʧ
ߣǴ֪ɱʹ࣡
֮׺ӣɱʧ
Ϊ
Ҷɣ
ţܹڳſֲ֮׺л




1190 
ܼҶɣһСĽˣͼʶ׺֮̽һȷҶǷ
Ȼ
ʶոսӴ׺ӱ㱻񱩵֮ʵ÷顣
ÿ죬жһʶϵƴʶ˳ĻҪȫ˶ѡ
ڰյͬʱҲӼԼжϣ
ʶ޷׺дƬ̣Ҷڽ׺ӵһɲǾͱ񱩵֮ɱˡ
ˣҵУұ
뵽¥µȻŭޱȣؿһҶʧĵطȻתĹѨ
;УӽĹѨ﷢һУ¥֮Ҷҹϸͨһݸ档
ޱƽ߾磬һʱ̽ߵĹѨȻû룬ȴ׼һܹĹѨдϢ
ʥغ̫ʥʥصʥӲжΪȷӵİȫӴ
ڽϢݳȥ֮չ׺ǰܿһ֮طһ׺ӵʯţʯϰĳֽƿʯŲڱ񱩵׺еݻˡ
ʯŵͷһüͷһ£ΪܵһɵѪζ
ߵϰߣֹؼĵطûػǰȴûκ޵Ӱӣִս֮Ϣ
ӻͷĿĴɨһ£ȻǰԶĵƺһ̯δɺԵѪĿĺ⡣
Ȼһ̯ѪȴһѪصĸоĶǣ
ѾȥˣҪ֮ǰô컯ͬͬɣ
˵꣬չʯſＲ۶ȥ
ҪץʱˣȻߵĹѨʵ̫ˣֱڣǻûĹѨڲ׺ӲĹѨϡ
ӵӰʧããеͬʱҲյݳϢʱɫޱȡ
ô£
ķܿ¥ע⡣
¥޽ӽ߾ǿ߿϶ʲôܹϵ
֮⣬֪ڽߵĹѨ֮ǰ¥һֻϢ档
£¥ΣգȻϵӡ
ǲСʲôϢˣ
滹ûü˵¥ȲĿѯʡ
ৣ
¥ôһʣʱ˵ע˹
ڳʥ̥ϵǿߣ紵Ҷ֮Ҳøｻ̸Ƕܽ
˵Ӻ洫ݳϢˣźͼ׷©ʲôҪϢ
ؼм崫ļ壬⡣
СӵȷϢȴһϢ
滷һΧŶŵˣҲûǽӴϢʵȫǱһ˻ɱģǸҶ
ʲʲô
һＤǧˣʥڣ֮ȺĸȨ߶ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ¥Ҷ֣ҶҶΨһһĹѨԪʿ˶Ҷİ
˿ֻ̣ԪڵҶ˰¥ڵš
ǵ𺳼ֱ޷ݣ
⡭ֱţ
ôģҪֻ֪Ԫڰ
һʱ䣬𣬼˶棬ҶһС
ûд𰸡
˶֪Ҷ˾ٵڽݸˣ֮ҲȻᱻЩŭǿ˺ɷ顣
¥ˣˣ
¥滹Ƿǳ侲ģвĵط
֣¥һһʥ̥۷ĳԱҲˣѵҲǱǸСӻɱĲɣ
ţҽҪ˵ˡƾҶСӣȻһ㣬ѪħףѪħ׽Щȫըˣ
水ӴϢ˵С˵¥Ա¾Ϊ˾С²űըġСҲըˣ֮СӻɱˡҲΪСµĻƱ˵Ļԭ򡣡

¥һƽߵһʯĳ˻֣ŭɶ޲ɱȥҶƤͷ֮ޡ
¥֣̫ŭǸҶѾˣ
ٴοڣЩһɾҪҶ֮󱨳˶ʱ·ȫһȭ˿һû㡣
ô£Сӽɱ𣿡
¥漱еʵ϶ڵõϢ֮ϹȥҶɱġ
Сӵȷȥ׷ɱˡСӼÿ죬»Լ׺֮С׺ӾС˵ǳֲ֮գСӲһԪڵ϶ѣ׺ӱɣ
⽫ҹ屻ɱ
Ϊ;۱˺Ƥ
Ȼһ죬ʵ򿰳ǿĴڣ޷;۱Ტۡ
Ǹֵ۱󶼿ѹң
Ǳˣ¥Ȼ˵
ҶԪСŵĵӣȻ˴ʧ׷Ź
ûҶȻˣµҲˡ
ˣҵɱԪݣѪϴţΪݵǱ𣡡
һ˵ҶѾ׺УȨ߷׷׳
Ͼʥ̥ţһǳףЩŶǸԼδϣ
Ҷһµ˺ܶŵϣܲŭǳ
Ȼ޷ҶǾֻҶų
һʱ䣬֮ɱڣݾ󲿷Ȩ߶ڽŵεһ֮㼯ʦϣѪϴš

ЩȨߵĻ뵽Ҷ׺֮бɣ̲ס̾˿
ȻҶֹһеޣڴ漣һΣҶǻ췦ˡ
̾鰵ΪҶʱеϧ
ΪǳҶ
Ҷǻ츳϶һһš
ð֮踣˴ǣܿԽһ󾳽նɱ֣֮ˣ޴ѲҶҪ̫ʥصʥͻȻ˵
һοڣķ𶯣
Ѳ
޿ܣ
һ̣˶жϣ




1191 Ԫ۷
ΪҶΪ𶯣϶Ҷɵͬʱ׺沨µֺ֮
ռУҶĬĬһƬտ֮أȫѣ类ݺһĴһʱпѿ
׺е֮ʵֲ̫ˣҶ֮һЩɾͣȻ޷ֿ
ٶȹ죬׺ӵһɲǱռ֮У
ˣֲĻ֮Ҳܵ˼صĴˡ
ռ֮Ҷһʱ˹ˣô֮޸ơ
ƣ֮޷޸֮£Ҷֻ÷һ޸ıҩ
Ʋأñҩѻָòˡ
Բҹ壬㣡
ˣҶ뵽ҹʮ𡪡ҹΪİΣصǰȥնɱ
һ̣붯þڽӻɱϵѣ֪ô
ͬ˵һ˾ڣȻɻɱӣ۱Ϣй¶ҸǣΪ㣬ٴ߶Ļѻɱͨϵǿߡ
֮һȺͨϵǿߣ޽ӽ߾硣
һ£һӵе۱ͻɱӵϢ¶ʮ
ҹ壬õĽһɱΪ㱨𣡡
ˡҶ˫ȭգȥҹһԡ
~
ҶվԶֶȥ
ϣôǿԳȥ𣿡
ǰҶżɽҲ֪Լ˶೤ʱ䣬ô˶ԵԲ
СӸߣڻܳȥȻᾪˣӵе۱Ҳ᳹й¶ȥ
һҶ˵߶ڵĻ޷ͳȥһ߶Ȼᱩ¶ڵϢʱĹѨ˶֪ӵе۱飡
˻
ϵĻҶ̲סһ
۱ع⣬Ѱ·
֮£Ҷֻô˳ȥͷͬʱãԼڵʵĳȥˣҪӵԵҲǲܵģΨŬʵȥпܺǾ
ȻҾʱ뿪׺ˣﷴȫģµҶҲֻοԼˡ
ʱ䣬ȫԪ۷壬ֻҪﵽԪ۷״̬аڲ¶۱Ϣǰ½ͳȥ
Ҷʧ䣬Ͽˣռеʱٺǲһģȹʮ죬ҲŹȥһѣʱܳ㡣
˵ͣһ£һĪĽ˵Ҹұ֤ͻƵԪ۷ʱЩ˻ûعءΪ֮µһˣĹѨ˭ܽȥģ
û
ҶΪȻ
Ϊϣ֤֮µһ˵ߣĹѨô׾һȺʥ̥ǿ߹ĻҲ̫ϳˡ
뵽ҶٳɣϾֶȫԪ۷壬׺гȥ
뵽Ҷûеѹʯȫóѻɽ
ɲǼ䣬ռйâ׳ʣɫʲϵıãǳ
ЩʯóһССľԪ󣬷ֹԪйҶ۵λãеȫӿڼ̵ʱڱ㽫ûĺС
ҶתȫʮѨȫתΧ
濴Ҷ·һԶҲĺڶһ
ԴԴʯбȡͨҶë׺ͺɽУڸѨС
֮£Ҷ֣Լľ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ÿһѨжһССԪ
ҶԼһʲôʱˣٴӣԼѪҺƺϽɫѪҺ֮ڻ
ԭĹѪҺɫԴϴԪؾҺ֮ҺеƺѪҺںһ
ҶչʱϾһĬĬĿ
Ҷ𽥵ĳɳĸаο
뵱ϽҶʶʱ⣬ϾҶǵˣʣȥԶ
ȻҶ𽥳ɳ֮ףԼ񵽱ˣ֮ҶʺѷɫκһţǵĴҲǿ١
ҪǣҶӵһų֮ĺͼͲεԸôѵ飬Ӳ
һϷǳ͵ģҶԲ
翰һΪµı֮һȴĹѷɫ١
ȻҶƾԼԣӲ
Ҫ֪һЩһǿߣᵽʱ̲סҡͷ޷
Ҷɲ֪ϴ˿ЩʲôѾȫӺͳԪ۷ľ֮ˡ
֮£ҶĹעԼȫԪÿһ˿ѿصĸΪ
ԴԴϵһ֮󣬻߹ڵߴѨ֮С
֪˶ãҶڸоѾ޷ڴԪˣתΪԪ֮㴢ûѨԪ֮С
һѨеԪֹͣתҶҲ𽥵ĸоԼѾԪ۷ż
ﵽԪ۷һرǾǵԪ޷һ˿Ԫ
ҶҪﵽԪ۷壬ҪѺܶ࣬ΪҪԪҪʮĸѨȫͻƵԪ۷塣
Ҷϰˣ̫ѣֻҪķһЩʱ䡣
̫ѽҶԼĸоñ˿Ҷ龰»ᵱ򡪡ҶÿһγҪԪǳӴ󣬸Ͳһͨʿܹеģ
һ㣬ҲҶһ⣬ôǵĿռôʯĻƾԼĻۣͻƵԪ۷塣
ʱһȥҶߵʯҲڼ٣һſʯҶ
ߵʯʣ޼ʱҶڽȫѨԪˡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶͻȻоԼ·ʲôһ㣬ʮĸѨ͵ʱһߣȫٴת
ȫѨһߵһ̣ҶоԼԪӵʵĸо
سɹ
ҶɹԪ۷壡




1192 
ҶɹͻԪ۷壬ȽԪʵºҪʵͱҪ䣬ҲǽԪתΪʥʥ̥
ͻƺһɲǿϲ֮Ҷܿ侲
ԼոͻƵԪ۷壬绹ΪȫȹҪ칮̸ոͻƵľ硣
ѹҶٴ۹۱ǡǹģʯ̺תΪΪԪ֮У󲻶ϵѹʵԪ
Ҳ֪˶ãֱҶоԪѾ޷ʵˣ֪Ѿȫˣֹͣǰѻɽʯȫһѷʯ
ʯĳ̶϶̲סզࡣ
ϿҶٶȣûдĻͨռҪͻƼѡ
ȻҶҲʶ⣬ԺԼǰ;ʼδˣȻΪʯΪͣͲǰ
䣡
һǿʵʣҶɢΧɰʯòϵܷȥ
ǿһżգҶƿƵĻ㲻ոΪһͻƣƻϤŵ龰
ģҶ˵ĿҲúͳ졣
ϰͷܹһ൱ףܶʿͻ֮㼱չʾԼǿʵ֪
Ȼһʱʹ죬ʵҲڱ˵б¶š
һҪԸʱ򣬱Ȼʵ¸ֶԲߣΪĵѾȫ֪û˿ֶΡ
ৣ
ҶһϹ˸֮׵ǹƷС
ֳǹҶսһ㣬ݣ޷Զڷ
Ѿһˣԭ̫ͷҲϵ޼һͷںڵĳ
еռȻģɽһΨһ粻ͬľǣռûǳԶǻɵģռҲûκֲ
ǹ֣ҶĿΧѲһ£һ٣һһɽȥ
߱ǹһʽƽ£
ҶһȣзƷ׵ǹһǹâϢĽ׺ɽ嶴ˣһֱһ׵͸
ҶӰ׵ǹĿһʧʣ
ЦҶĴҶһѾжϳҶ˿̵սﵽʲô̶ˡ
ȻĵʯˣЧȴҲǷǳֲģȻͻһС磬Ҷʵһʵĸı䣬֮ǰǿ˽һ
κһʿ˵ܹͻһСսʮѵá
ȻҲò̾Ҷõ׵ǹͬʱõ߱ǹǹƾ輫ߵԣڶ̶ʱڱеľ衣
ռ֮УϿǾԵףΪռ䱾Ǿġ
Ǿڵ飬۱꣬Ȼƿŵ۱һС
һϱҶ
ʱҶ߱ǹÿһÿһʽϰĸ档
ϾǹҲո򣬻̸ҪԵоͱҪϰ˲ܸõķǹ
ӵһʽƽ¿ʼһֱһʽ죬ҶϰüΪ档
߱ǹհضԼȫһľ֮вܽ߱ǹȫӳ
߱ǹ춼ɱʲôܹ赲ԼĽŲ
Ե档
ϰǹʱҶͻȻһʵ£ܶ˶һ㡣
ҶҲһȭͷƸǿΪȭͷһϣ˲ͷųȥǿƻ
ǹȭͷӵļУҲܹõķӳ
ڵսƷ׵ǹɱʥ̥ڵʿնݣƴʥ̥ڵʿ
Ҷͣһ߹һ̾˹ȥڶҶԽԽˡ
ԵϺ͵ҶСӸ̫ľϲ
~
ҶҲ˿
Ҳ⣬ȻڵʵǿˣԪ۷ʿʤ㣬Աѡ
ҶҶСģڱѡ
ϵĻҶĬˣⷬĺ塣
ʥ̥۷û˿ʤ㣬ԱҲûУ仰˵һӺʥصʥӣȻ֮ǣ
Ӻ̫ʥʥӣʥʥȫﵽʥ̥۷壬ȻڳɹͻƵԪ۷壬ԾɲǵĶ֡
⣬γʥӺ֮⣬һʥ̥۷ǿ߽롣
Щ˶ǳصģҪԵڻڰɲôģΣϵ൱ߡ
ҶĬˣЩģҶĻԣͬʱ֪ҶִҪȥĻһĪΣգֻܶþڡ
ǶþڵĻ㽫мڵȫɱδرסܡ֮ǿߺпܻӦ
һӦҶɣ
Сӣҵ˼ҲˣȻһʿԱҪҵǸСӺʥصСԵЩδǷ뿪׺ӣǰߵĵعԼɣ
Ͻ׸ҶҶԼȥѡ
һ£صʱ̣Զõ۱ȫɱб¶ķգҽķѵ۱ٴδ߶֮ʱ޷ɱͨϵǿߡֲе׶˵һ
һѾѡ׺֮йȻȫܻҪʥ̥ǲܵġ
ʥ̥һܴķˮ룬ʿĵڶʥ̥ǿֱӹϵսжǿ
˵۵ʥ̥һ£ԳƵʥ̥м˵ࡣ
Ȼգȴƾʥ̥޳˴ͨһ·ս۷壬ɽٳɵۣ
ҶȻ߾۵·ʰ۵ǲɵģҪʲôʥ̥Ŀǰûпǹȵʱٿ
ʿһսһΣձΨΨŵŵհǰ˺󣬼ţҲǹ͵
ӭѶϣֱǰս䣬Ҳ̻貣һҲձɺУŰ׹ǵϴ۱
νߵĴжҶ̫Ҫұȥᣡ
Ƭ̺Ҷ˾
Ҫ뿪׺ӣȥԵ


1193 Ƭ
ҶԼջȫóڵϰһѡ
ЩսƷеǹ֮ĹҲһЩ׵ķҶòϣֻõ۱߶һʯ
ҶûоڻָڡЩжһЩ΢Щ޷յģǾȴˣ޸Ĵˡ
ҶϸжȻЩ΢΢СҲ⣬ٳɶ࣬ţһ죬ڽ»ָ۷״̬
Ǹʱ򣬾ڽǿĵ۱֮һ
Ȼ·Զչһϣ
ЩսƷУʥ̥һͨûС
ϿžڣһЩе
ÿһԭâ㳹װһͨķҶһָܳ״ݻˡ
ڵǳ̶ֲ̼ҶһصսƷѾʣ޼ˡ
ף
ʱͻȻһ鲻۵ʯƬĿ
ⶫǴӱ¥µǸŵĿռеģԭΪһ鷢־һʯͷҶ͡
ڿʯƬʱҶҲû⣬ֻܹһʥ̥۷ǿղأһǺöȴûκһĵط
û磬üͷƺ˼ʲôһ
ӣҶĺҲˣ߹ȥϸһеʯƬ
һ鿴ǳͨʯƬԼӴСܲƺǴһʯƬһ㡣
Ψһ˾е㲻ľƺǳ⻬ȴݺύƣƺһܵһ
˼Ƭ̣ϵüͷչҶĪһЦղ˵ʲôⲻһͨʯƬ
ѵǣһָͷܵˣ
ҶɵĿʯƬʶȥ̽Ծû̽ʲô쳣ĵط
ʶ̽£ԾһͨʯƬ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦȱ˵󻰣ԣܰʯƬǴˡ
˵ţϽʯƬݵУҶӹָͷһ£ƵʯƬȻû
ףѵˣ
Ҷ𽥼Ӵ˫ȥϼӴʯƬһ仯ûУ˵ˣƶûж
⡭
һֱҶóʮɵԾκβʯƬųˣʯƬȻ򲻿˵ļӲ
Ҳո߱ǹܷºۼ
ЦĿҶ
һͲˣ
ҶʯƬ׵Уʱ佫׵ǹһ죡
ǹ⼤һâݺݵʯƬȥ

һ죬ʯƬ˲䱻˳ȥ
ӰһֽɵʯƬЦеøҶ
ҶʯƬһ׵㶼ûеʱޱȣ⾿ʲôԼȫһȻûһС׵㣿
ϣ⾿ʲôӦ֪ɣ
ҶУϾĴٿȫ飬û֪ģκ˽һܶѾûʷе֪
ϲĻʯƬɾǴˡ
˵ʯƬӦǰһλ۵ıƬ
λһλԻۣһǵ۱˵Ǿƿһıף׵һ
ֻϧλ󣬾ƿ֪٣Ҳٵˣôٵ˭Ҳ֪
˵սʱ˴ģҲ˵ԼģԸ˵ʲôĶС
ȻûǱ׵ƬȴƬƬпܾǱ׵Ƭ
۵ı׶֮ܳΪһʲôأ
ҶȻԱ֪νʲôһֱףȻȴ۵ı׻Ҫ
ͱˣʧ˲֪ˣûҵ
ϸһˮȻҶ˵ʯƬŰɣˣһҰһģ֤߼ǿ߶޷٣
ϵĻҶжʱһƬȣʯƬǴ۵ıײƬܹ¼һĵĻԷ
˵꣬ϿžڣʣµȫˣֻһƷ׵ǹʯƬ
ȻôڵĻָЧȴ΢΢Ͼʥ̥͵۱̫ԶˣڲϾԨ֮
Ҳû취飬Ҷҵ۱ɲģɲ֮Ա֮ΪɲģȻôҵġ
СӣйҸϢȻλָЧ󣬵ϾǻָһЩܹٻָһЩĻʹþڽռʱ򣬾ڽΣǳ׽ĴԪռ֮СǸʱ򣬳ϵǿߣ뷢㡣
΢΢һЦһϣʱҶûһ顣
𣿡
ҶֱԼĶ䣬˵ԼֻҪϵǿߣʹþڵʱͲٵı˷ˡ
Ǳͨߵľ磬½ϸ֡
Ȼģʲôʱƭ㣿
ϲİһۣһ£˵ҵĸӦߵĹѨһܴĵĵ£ھڵĵ¡
ڵһ൱Ŀռ䣬ߵĵعƬռ룬Ҳ׺ӻŵĵط
׺ģרԼĵععھԼʮĵط
˵ôʱ䣬ҶʵûнععΧûмֻΧΧ׺ӲӽعıԵ
ҪعԵҶҪľǽ׺гȥȻѰعڣڴ롣
ߵĹѨȻиƺͽҪڵڸֱĹǲܵġ
ҾϸӦعûнƵģ˵ǽʧˣ˲пܴڴع
ҶҪԵͱ·ȥ
ҶţߵĹѨôýģڵϵʱ򣬽ڰԵ˵Ĵ֮أ;ǧղųɹ
ߵֶȻȰԵ˸ǿԣλʥӺǾԲ˳ĽĹңôͻߵĴС
ϵĿ£׺пٵǰζСϪеһ
ಣ
ھعڲԶʱҶһ߳ռ䣬ȻԼٶȳ׺ӡ
ꡪ
ٶȹ죬Ծٴα׺пֲ֮شˣͷ˺üѪģ
֮£Ҷֻ׺ӱԵѡһȫĵطˣȫԭ֮عȥ




1194 ع
׺ӵıԵҶܿ͵ʯŵĶ棬Ȼǰȥ
ɫʯͷ·͸ѪָɺһȥĿġ
ԶԶأƽϳһߴΰĵع˿ĳǳС١
Ҷˣ
ʵںˣôڵ¿ռнһƻֺĵ¹ġ
ţ
ŵ·ǰߣҶĸоһɵʱһݡ
ĹѨУˣߵĹѨгЩϳˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ƿߣڴ۵Ĵڣ˼ȥҲġ
֮Ŀǣκﶼ޷´ڣ߿Ϊ֮ԲӦڡ
ܿ죬Ҷӽ˵عڴ
ڵعڵĵطҶͻȻֵعڴۼŴʿһЩСźͼĵӣһߴŵĵӶûС
˸ˡ
ԶԶؿ߹ڵعڴʿֻ˵
Ȼ
Ļû˵꣬еֻͱ˾
ǡ
Ҷôܣ
𣿡
۱ҹֵ˶ȫնɱˣôܻţ
һۻˣ˻þ
ڳ˭ҲԼ۾Ҷ߽֮ǲŸȷȷҶˣԼĻþ
ȷһ֮Щ˸ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻܹӵ׷ɱл
֮ǰѾ֪Ҷɱ¥µ顣
Ҳ֪¥µδҾţصԭ·ȥɱҶڷ̵;нҹһҹҹҹֵܻɱˡ
һ£˶ΪҶѾˣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷس֡
ǵ𺳿֪
ңǿҶʱ״̬ˣΪ˲ٵľо͸ˡ
ô£
һ̣жɻ
ɻ󲻽ʱҶѾǰЩСŵʿһϽ㿪ҶĿг˾ֺɻ
ô£Ѿ˵عڣôȥ
Ҷ൱֣ЩȻСŻ߼ˣʵҲʥ̥ڣûԵ
޷ʥصʥһԵǱ˳̵ҲпܵģΪʲôﲻȥ
ЩֵĿҶȴûһ˻شĻڶһ
ȻǶ֪ҶΪӵ׷ɱ»ǺҶɱ¥ºڶţѾݵĺüŽ˽ⲻޡ
һ£ǺҶߵ̫ˣܵǣ
ԶĲ˵ǷǺҶߵ̫Ͳ顣
ΪݵһĴˣڼǰո¶ͷǣЩСŻ߼ʿȻûмҲ˵Ϊ˴
ر´ǷǶԴһˣĿɾ̫ԩˡҹֵܱǰ֮
Ҷ˼ˣЩʵ˶㣬һش
Щ˵ķӦҶһʱЩǵĺԼԻӵᡣ
ͬʱӵİԵҲһµʶȻݵһĴˣȴӰܴ
ɱӣ
һ̣ҶӼᶨҪɱӵͷҲ֪ƾԼڵʵҪɱһʥ̥µǲʵģֻʱͣȴʱ
ȻЩ˿޷֪κҶҲͲˣôҲ˵
뵽Ҷϴڴعȥ
ͨڰָû˿ĳʪۼһҶϵˡ
ڵϣôĵطûˮҲᳱʪϾߵĳ֮أƺȻ顣
Ԫ˫ۣҶ˫ԣڰͨƺûκӰ죬ͨκϸ΢ĵطһĿȻ
عֻͨеʼŨ
Ҷ裬ôŨԲпܻʲô֮顣

Ҷȫעĸ֪ΧϢʱһӰһȥƷХ
ͻ͵ϮҶδţͻȻһ˵֮ȥ
ֻҪˣĵطҲĹ㡣
ؾȲ޶ȵĻΣ
飡
Ҷһߵʵʵڣȴ·һ߷˳ȥȴδʲô˺
ߣ˾һҽжûзôֱͦͦı߷ɳȥһɶԶͨһڵϡ
~
ҶƮȻأͬʱҲϮԼǸһ﾿ʲôӣ̲סһ
ǸͲһˣһ߹ʬں˸Ŀ֮ڣֻܿ˫֡
˵ɫһ˫ڶû˿ļ󣬵ȴܻܹˡ
ʬ
ҶһɲǼ֪˹Լľʲôǲ֪˶Ĺʬ
վãʬڵʬγѭ¿ǣѾǻˡ
ЩʬȻǻˣȴӲп׵ıǿѰʿκβǡ
ЩʬȻûԪҲûʥǾ۴ڵʬϬ
κλҲʬʴΪͶ΢һľͻᱻʬʴ꣬Ϊֻ֪ɱ¾ɱ¾
ʬûκʹ㽫ͷ­ûãԾܹսǽǳ׺顣
ˣҶҲЩСŵʿΪʲôԸڸҲˣ϶ʬ˵
ܿ죬ʬٴҶ˹Ҷûڶȵվһһȭʬȥ
ҶԪ̺֮רſЩаĶһȭâ˸ɫ֮ݺݵĻʬؿڡ
꣡
һ죬ʬǰӲҶһȭ򴩣񱩵֮ʬڵʬ
໡
ûзκʬһҽУ˻ðһޱȵĺɫʬһ̯ˮ
ʬǿҶпƾſЩʿʵһʬǱ֮֡
ҡҡͷҶʰ飬ǰ




1195 
ȻҶûеĹСѧϰ֪ʶˮĹѨڹĹеĸֻ͸Ҳ١
ǸʱҶ仹СǶЩصĶǳȤҪȤס˺ܶࡣ
ԭҶΪԼⱲҲòЩƫŵ֪ʶˣû뵽Щƫŵ֪ʶȻó
ȻҶ֪Ĺ͵ϵûʲôͨĵطҲӦࡣ
֪ʶҶڵλĹѨڣҲڵλá
ŽоӦǻܲˣֹĹ
ҶãﲻӦʲôأΪ߸ͲҪѵȻϣ˴֮⣬߾ǿ߶óȻ룬˵ĵعˡ
ȻҲĴˣͲĵع
ԣߵĹѨȻҲͲʲôˡ
ȻûлأȴвٵʬЩʬǳǿ󣬰ϵƲ⣬Щʬǰǿߡ
ȥˣЩʬȻγһʬѭʵѾͲʵˣƾЩʬܽнĹѨȫɱ
;Ҷ˼ʬϮЩʬԴˣЩоȫˡ
ҶܹĿ϶һЩǿʿ
Щʬ޷ҶκвҪ赲Ƭ̶̺֮ʹ֮ϣЩʬѿǡ
ţ
Ҷնɱʮʬ֮ͻȻǰѾӰЩںһȺʬսš
Щ˵ĹǿЩʿʥ̥ڻʥ̥ڣʬȻǿ󣬵ǵĹԾɽڽڰˡ
ˣ
ЩȻںʬսȴΧηǳעʬսš
ЩǿʬѾЩ׽ˣʬ룬ǵĴΣˡ
ҶȻ
ܿ죬˷ҶʱĿɿڴ
ǵʶУҶѾˡ
һˡͻȻǰ˭Ҳܱ򾲡

һһʥ̥ڵʿʬʴ꣬˲ҽһɱ¾Ļߵͬͻʩɱ֡
ʶʱЩʿһæңæ֣֯ʬʴ꣬ɱ¾ͬɱˡ
ʱҶѾ߲ԶһЩɵʿҶǳӡ
ǺҲûκν飬ȻҲ̸Ͻ񣬶ҶĳֽǸе𾪺Ͳ˼ѣû뷨
Ѿʬս˼ΣʬĻ˻ֱܹģҶɢʢжϳûˣʲôҲûС
ܹӵ׷ɱ֮ȫˣҺˣҶֱ漣ˣԪڵʿѡ
ȻˣѾԪ۷ˣʥ̥Ҳһѡ
Ȼ
һҲһǵʥ̥ǿԪʿܹģԪ۷Ҳ޷ʥ̥ǿ
ɱ
Ҷ֪Щ˿϶ҲشԼ˺⣬ҲûʱЩ˺ţֱһȣʬȺȥ
飡
һȭҶֱӽһʬˣɫ֭Һɽ
ಣ
Ҷһ֣ɵشʬȺɱһѪ·Ȼ˹ȥ
˻~
Щʬս˺ܾõʿһĻɵõһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ЩʿѾ˼ʬ֪ʬжôļ̣˵һףƾЩʬӲǵĹ
֪Щ˵ЩʬˣȻҶȭͷ£ЩʬȻֽһ㣬һȭͱˡ
һ̣ǿҶĿž
ǿҶֱǹ̥еĹ̥
ɱ
ЩʿҲɵӣҶɱѪ·׷׽ʵޣʥݺᣡ
ȫ֮£ǰʬʱЩмܲסˣӲɱһ·˹ȥ
ǴʬΧ֮ҶͺڤڤӰ
ʱҶͨǰܿһʿӺһȺʬսš
Ҷ
ҶǵͬʱЩҲʱǳȣû뵽Ȼܹ
ЩʿҵĹϵȻ֪ӵδ¥±Ҷɱ顣
ͬʱҲ֪׷ɱҶ飬ԭΪӳ֣Ҷɣû뵽ֻĳǰ
ҶȻ֪ôӹٵ׷ɱģȰ㻹ǲҪˣɣ
ЩʿĳеٮٮߣвһЩһǿߡ
ҶǰЩ˷ǳԥ̳֣ҶɱڴˣӶ˼ҵĹϵЩɵ
ΪӵʵǷǳȫʥصʥ֮¡
仰˵ʥӣĹѨУӾҪɱĳ˵Ļ϶Ӳˡ
Ȼ
Ҷȴӵ׷ɱ»ҴϢжʵ
һУΪҶȻŲΪ֪ĵơ
һǴ˿̳֣һ޷ҶɱĻȻҶҪˡ
ȨЩ˷ǵûĳ֣ȰҶҪǰˣһӣʮ
ûЩ˵Ȱ˵
ҶԣҪʱ򣬱ҪߵĴкͱأȻΪЩ˼仰ı⡣
顭
֮ǰһҶ֮ʹðȭʬɱһ·ǰȥ
ԽԽ˵һصع
һк˵ĵʬĲ֫ϱۣһȳζڴоþòɢ
Ҷȫâ˸Щжȫ֮⣬ĺһĵش
ǰɱ󣡡
ҶȫǰϵʱԺͻȻϵʱͣ˽Ųʵʲôɱ󣿡
岼ǲ󣡡
ٴθӦһҶ˵ɱبڵڶعڴܹƵпܽڶعֻܱ赲
ҶϹͨͬʱڵڶعڴԶӺ̫ʥصʥӣʥصʥӣԼһЩŻ߼Ĵˡһʥ̥۷ǿһо롣
ǲԶһɱýڶعڶµʵʵɱûʲô֮ͨһ̾ͻӿʬ
һЩʬմȾ̾ͻᱻʴʵãǲᣬͻɱ¾Ķħɱˡ
֮ǰǲ֪ɱһӾʹɱ󣬱ʬһ߰˸ʿ
Щԭͬʿ˲ͱɱ˶ħǷӦ죬ʱ˳ǵʧԶֹЩ
оʱӶȻӦһϤϢڿٵĽӽ
ţ
ӻȻվ˫ۼâɱ˲䱬Ҷ
û뵽ôӲ׺ӶûϵһΣӲˣ
һһɱҶ




1196 ɱ
Ȱùȥ
ԼҶһȣұ㴥ɱĽƣʱһ군
˵ʲô
ӱҶĻǺɫ࣬ȴͣһҶĴɱĽƣڳ˭Ҳųȥ
˵ȥû𣿡
Ҷ˿ӵĳɱ⣬ֱɱıԵֻҪӵ˿춯͸ҴɱĽƣռԶܣɱ
СӼֱ̫ˣ
ٺ٣е˼СעҪˣȻˣǰܻ
ҶһԪСʿֱӹȥڳʿȫˡ
֮࣬˶ףӿ²һЩһʿ
̫ʥغʥصλʥȤؿҶӣչ
٣ɱˣ֪ʲôɱ󣿲ԿŶѣ
һҹϵ۵ΪҶѹɱֻơ
ʿĻҶо˸˼ŵĻ
ܿ죬жϣͬŵĻΪҶͲ֪ǰɱʲôֻǸղԼһĻ
ϾλʥӣһʿǰɱãȻ
ҶֻһСŵĵӣܽӴµ󷨡
Ϊŵһ㴥ɱҲ㣡
ȵ

£ֱӳ֣ʥ̥һ쵶һ㣬˲һĳ
δâݺݵҶͷȥˣ
Ӳǳʥ֮һţȻʥ̥˵زֱǿֲ
ȣЩϼһǼֱ
ʥ̥ɲôģӺĽֱһ˷ʥ̥һ˽ʥ̥
ҶСӿˡ
Ը֮ǰ˵ǼٵģĴɱĽƣЩȫøᡣ
ʢŭ֮³ֵͬʱЩо֮ʿҲͣΪչֳľսе̾ͬʱҲЩҶĿԴɱ
ಣ
۷׷׵ʱҶˣ¹ðҡ£ձܿӵƵһȭɱеĽ֮ȥ
䣡
һ죬ɱâ˸ǿܣһʬ˲ӷɱ
ã
ɫ䣬æͣ˹ȫתʥʬ塣
һʬڣȻʴ꣬Ǹʱ򣬿»ûܻɱҶȥˡ
СӾȻĴɱ󣡡
ӣ

ʬ籡ٶȼ죬ٽʿܣҲ޴ɶ㣬ֻܵһʱתʥǿķʬ֡
һЩʿһƴʬϮһ߶Ҷƿڴ
УҶ˿ΪŬֿʬϮ
ͱ˲ͬҶ֮壬أѪ̺֮аĿǣʬͬκβ
Ӵʱּ˫ۼۿų˾ǰȴΪ
֮ǰΪҶƵǸʿ˿̺ڵĳӶˡ
ʵЩȻģҲ̫ǿһ·ϣչĻ͵
˿̣Թ˲ϾȻ޷չֻƾʵȥʬ֡
ӣ̫嶯ˣҪ˺
һʿ̲סˣǶ֪²ԹҶֻܹóȻ֣Ҷ֣ҶҲͲᴥɱĽƣɱˡ
һҲͲʬˣеһжûŪ³ɵġ
һǿߵӺ޲ܽҶ̻ˣ˿ڵûˡ
ôУҶǾɱģҲǱʬʴصģֻȫȥʬ޷ڡ
ͬʱ۵ΪʬôѣҶһԪڵʿѣضᱻʬʴֻ֪꣬ɱ¾Ķħ
ôţҶڵķȥ
һ̣Բ۾
ΪҶǵûбʬ룬ҿȥҪɵö࣬û֮ǡ
ôܣ
о룬ȫ߶ʥʬ
ʬʥķǳ󣬽ȥƬ̾˼ֲסˡ
໡
ȺһҾ徵ĲҽΪ͵ʿһױʬʴ꣬ɫٱ˺ɫ˫ʵȴǣݺݵߵһʿȥ
䣡
˼æֵֵ˵ȭâײһ𣬱ʬʱɢ˲١
Ȼ
Ӧսʿڶʥ֮󣬷˲併˲٣Ҳʬڡ
ţвҽһʿʬʴɱ¾Ķħعߵˡ
޲𹥻һóûܶʿƵĲòֶԸЩʬͬ顣
ãѾʬʴ꣬Ѿۣʧȥǣɱǣ˭ҲӲȫҪ
ʱ̫ʥصʥӿ˶ߣϳ֣һƽһʬʿĳ⽴
ͬʱʥصʥӺһǿҲ׷׳֣Щʬʴʿɱ
ʱʬѾ𽥵ȥЩΪǿ־ʿ˵Ѿûв
ЩѾʬʴʿȴǵĵˡ
ղŻǹͬ˵սѣתۼͱಫĵˣתʵ̫ˡ
ЩʿҲͨˣǰһӻѣһӾͱɶֵ飬˿顣
ЩʬʴʿѾȫûʹÿһιǱӵ£ʵЩʬһǳѶԸ
˷˺ܴ󹦷Žбʬʴȫɱм˻Ϊⳡս˲ʡ
һ·ս˺ܶΣպѣն˷ˡ
û뵽ȴһʧôˣЩ˼ˣһҶŭĿӡ
˵ŭӣҶû˿η壬ƽˮɱ˭ҶһΣ




1197 岼ǲ
СӣҪһͣ
һһʿŭҶ˵
ӦøҪͣ
ʿʣҶĮؿ˵Ҿ㴥ɱĽƣ˴һ군ִҪ֣ҪǾȥˣҰʯĹϵûС
㡭
ҶĻҶǸı飬ñǿﶼðˣȴ쳣һ仰Ҳ˵
֮ǰѹͲҶ˽ɱ󣬻ΪҶԶţû뵽ҶȻĶɱ׼ȷĻɱĽϣɱŵ˺һϵķ
ৣ
һ̣˶ĿͶӣȻδʣжЩԹ
㡭
ӱ˼㣬˫۳Ѫͷɱֱƾ죬һҶƽ
㻹ǲԡţҲٴݸղŵ顣Ҷһ޾壬ֱӱƽӡ
֣ɳ嶯
֣СҴı侲һ£
ǰ٣ΪأҪһʱ嶯˴¡
ӣʵɱʱԣαؼһʱ֮ɱҲٰ
ʥصʥӺʿ׷Ӳɱɱ۾ͬʱɱ֮ٻɱҶͬҲܱ
һеĻ·ǵܱ𣬷ὫҶԵ
Сˣǵɱ󱻼Ļɱ
ֻ֮ѹסĵɱ⣬¿ԵòԼҶǵɱ󱻼Ҷꡣ
֮ǰӻ̲סºݻ׼ɱƵһɲǽҶɱ
ߣ֮ͬս׼
ҶһߣǿƻӦԣ˿á
ϣҶ˿ѷӣҸûбӵĸ߾塣
һﾪ
ҶǿƵ̬𾪣˭Ҳû뵽ѡ̵£Ծɱֵǿơ
ͬʱҲвΪҶȻܹԽնɱ¥ڵڶʥ̥ţʵ죬֮ͬµĹƽһսδؾĶ֡
һҪôôţ
һЩһǿ߷׷׸̾ҽܣ¥ҽѾ㹻ˣֺɱһҶȻھϺԶͬ޵Уʥغ͵߳Ĵˣ֮ͬ¶δʤ
˵ʲô˵һ飿
ɫһ䣬綾һ㣬ضҶɱٴαŷ
˵һٱ黹ˣ㲻ǱҵľһЩˣͬ磬ն׼
ҶٴǿƻӦɱûб֮ǰҪ֣λʥӺһʿҲӦ
úúãҿŵʱɱƵһ֮̾ʱ
ӱ̼Ĳ㵱ߣôû˭˵Ҷǵһ
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Ļʱ˵ĸ飬ֱ˿̲뵽ҶԪŵĵӶѡ
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ڵع֮Ի֣ʵɱеʬγɵģʬ֮ԾûôǿˣֻʿߵЧ
ʿʱ䳤˶Ҳȥķջǻᱻʬ壬ȥ߳Ϊ޵Ѫʳ
һʼҶ˵ʱ˲мһˣ˵ԽԽ͸ЩԭмĿ⽥𾪣̶壡
ɱֶ֪Ҷȴܹɱ˵ףγɵĶ˳ɵǲš
˵ô࣬ô֪㾿ܲ㽫֮˵ǿǷУ
ʱһϳɳصʿҶһ֮˲һ¡
岼ǲɱǰеģһΪʮÿһ˵Ǿģɱÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯˵δؾ͹á
ҶŲЩ˻ôģ˵֮֮󻹻飬˵Ҳûɱÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ҪܵļⲢ˵˵ġ
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Ϊ
û뵽ҶĶǰɱ




1198 ͷ
һαҶˣ
ȻôԸҶĻȴǣҶܹƴɱ
ҶǶɱ൱˽⣬Բܽɱ˵͸
Ǿʮֲ˼飡
ϾҶֻԪһСŵĵӡ
Ӻ޵ȴҲ֪ҶһĻƾǵ֪ʲôʱ롣
ҼܹƵɱ󣬸Ĵۿ϶СȱںʥӺҲͬ⡣
Ҷ֣ɣԸƴɱҺʥӱ֤İȫԲӶ֣Σ
ʱ̫ʥصʥǰһҶ飬Ҷ󣬽ڶعʥһƺӣκγֵĻᡣ
ʥҲͷûֻҪҶֿϴԸⱣ֤Ҷֵȫ
λʥ̬ȣҶ̾˿֪ҪΪ룬ǻɱǲʵġ
ô˵ӵĽǵŵδޣɱں͵ҽˡ
ȻѾʧȥ˵۱ҲԸȥ۵ļ壬Ϊĵʵֲ̫ˡ
ȻҺԸλĳŵһô˵
˵ţҶĿתһӣԣڱӱ̬
ڳ˶ףӲ¶ģҶǲܴͷġ
Ҷ˵ûκηǾʧȥԵĻˡ
˭Ҳ֪ãһʱ䵽ˣָԭɭȻɱ˶档
뵽һ㣬˶ӿȥ˼ԣ¶ģҶڼԲ֣ܳǺΪС
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Ŀеĺ壬Ȼľóͬ¶ģٶҶ֣꼰أŭ˵Ļ˺пֶԸ
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һУӸеʮֱȴҲòΥĵķ¶ģʾҶڼ֡
Ҷ֣Ѿ¶ģӦ÷˰ɣʿĶǲ㷢ģһΥȻӦġ
ӷ¼صĶ̫֮ʥ߹Ҷ˵
Ҷͷһĵ˶˺Ҫһ·ʲôط
ҶĻǴ۵ּ⣬˭ҲΥʥӶ˵һȫĵطҶ˼·
վɱıԵҶ˫ۼ⣬ϵָ㣬вϵܡ
岼ǲɱĵطǲ⶯˵һ֮ǲɱת켣óȻĻǿҲᱻɱɱ
ܵܣҶ𽥴ɱһȫͨͨҲڲϵı仯š
Ͷʯ·
ȻҶѾ·˳ԾҪһ²УһˣôһɱеĿ϶
ҶɱһʯͷܴĻʯͷᱻɱĥ촷ۣԵĻû¡
ʯͷɱУһ㷴ӦҲûУûκʬð˵ȷġ
ҿԹˣǧҪң˿Ҳұ֤λİȫ
˵ţҶһֱӲɱ֮У˫⣬вϵһŵ㡣
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ҶȻɱУûбʬΧҲûκⷢЩһʿ̲סп
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Ҫ֪ɱ֮УҶ֮⣬ûκܻ߳ȥʱǶҶǽ˵֮ˡ
岼ǲɱǳֲ仯ǧҶӾһ̨תļһּͷճȫͨ
Ҳûʲô˲İѵôֲ
뵽ɱ֮кһʿаĽҶٵ֮ͨһ¡
ΪҶڹ飬ɱʵûôֲ
Ȼ
ָոȫ֮ͨһ˲䣬һʬӵ϶Ȼֱӽʬ֮С

ʿһ춯صĲҽУһƬԭۿɱٶȿٸɱȥʬһ޶ӡ

˷һһĦһ㣬漴絶ߵһһʿȥ
֪
һʿӦ죬Ͼʥ̥۷Ĵڣ˫ֹâһʥһɫ٣Ǳʬʿӡ
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λʥ˵˾ٲҲֻţΡ
οҲʿ³
ʵ˵ʿ޼ûб㱻ʬˣǻǣ³Ҳһġ
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ܵܣҶȷɱһȭۻ飬漴һ߳ɱ󣬽˵ڶع֮С
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ʱ̫ʥӺӡʥҲ˵ڶع֮С
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ӻûվȣ㷢һЦɱڵ˵ɱˣҲˣҿڻ˭ܾ㣿




1199 ɱ
ȷɱң
ҶϷŰؿӣȫ޾塣
ߣͷ˻Ӳն㡭
˵ӶȻԼһʥȻˣһҲӲ
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ѹ޿֣ԭ֪˵ʥ
Цһŵ˿ı䲻ˣ㲻ʥɱȻѴ֮
㾡ԣ
Ҷ˿壬ԣ޷ʥԪ£ƾս޾κˡ
õ
һŭȱҪ֡
ΪҾţԼĽôҵĽ֮⣬û˭ĿǸ˵

ʥһǰ˵֣ĿߵĹѨɱأвɱˣ蹲ͬ˲ǣ˵أ
йâպ¶ĳ־һ˵֣㲻˵ˣҷɱɣ򼴱ᵽ˴ԵҲټλˡ
ӵĻʥʱĬˣ֪Ϊʲô˵Ҷɱӵδޣɱ֮Ļȷ޷̧ͷˣ
˵䣬ʿҲ׷״ɱڶعҪͻȻЩ΢׷׿סˣɫؿӺҶˡ
֮ĳԹҲЩ˽⣬Ҷɱӵδ¥£һǻɱ¥֡
ͬʱݺܶŶ޺С
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ɣ
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ЩһʿȻھϽʥ̥ڣʥ̥۷壬ûͨǱϾô꣬ͼʶЩܱȵġ
Ҷı飬ǿԲµҶȻ̣Ȼǲ֪Ҷʲô˿Ӱǵжϡ
ҪսʤҶ²ô׵ģһпܻܡ
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Ȼ
ǿţ޷ʥ¾ȻҶһԪ۷СʿĶ֣ǼֱԼ۾
ⲻܣ
Ӳ˼ĿԼ˹ȭͷһͳһöҩ
ԣ
һӱ˵ȭͷɲǼָˣƺܶһЩʥ
Ϊһ壬ȻٲĵҩͽΪϣδϴŲٺö

״ħ˫צȻ޷ʹʥԾʩչԼĶ似ʮ
ʮȫӲץ˫ͬһ˫צһ㣬ʥ׶ץơ
Ҫ㣡
Ҷԥϣ˫ȭٴ԰ȭӭ
飡
˵Ķ类ŭ޺ݺײһһ㣬յɳȥص˵ϡ
Ҷһ˫Ҳˣ˫ϳʮɫĺۼ
ԣǱӵĽʮˣҶӲޱȣץҲҶֱ°ӡѣ˿˲
ˣˣ
ҶХһչٱƽӣԴȭǿȭ¡
Ҫӳ׻ɱ
ȻѾˣȻĴҪɱԼˣֱ·õѡ
οӻɱҹֵˣ
뱨




1200 ̥
Ҷͷ󣬴˽عڶ㣬δ룬ӱ֣Ҫɱ
ԴˣҶѡӲӲƾǿһȭӻˣӷսһ
飡
սУչֶθ񵲣ԾɱҶһȭɳȥи
ͬʱҲеǳ𾪣ΪδϣӴӸճǳ޵ˮģʴڳˡ
ԴһЩ޵ľѪǿȶͬʿǿ
ʥ̥ɹ֮ӸʥϴѪ֮⣬Կ԰ͬ
ҲΪʲô֪޷ʥ£ԾɼҶֵҪԭ
Ϊ㲻ʥƾԼǿȣնɱһССҶڻ¡
Ȼ
û뵽ǣҶȻԶȻҪֲ
⡭޷ܣ
ʵϣҶҲЩȣӵҲǳǿ
ȻռϷ磬ǶʱҪӻɱҲǲܵġ
ʥ̥Ųôױɱģ޷ʥĵطˡ

һֱѹŴŭˣƣǿʩչؼеĽ֮͡
ҾͲɱ㣡
ͷɢ״ħ˫۳ѪȭȭĺҶŤһ
ʩչ˽֮ӣʵѾҶ޼˴˸൱˭Ҳκβ˭
һУĿɿڴ
ҶΪλǿ󣿡
֮࣬гһɻ
ǿҶֻԪѣǿ˵زʥ̥ʥغ͵Ĵ˶޷֮⡣
Ϊʲô
ûд𰸣
Ҷ˼սʱǰ޴ͭŲ֪ʲôʱ򻺻ˣһɺͭ
УһԶ׵ʬĴ߳ųɱ
ãʬֳˣ
һʿͭŷһۣȻִʬԴԴϵĴͭ߳ʱһ
ˣ
ʥһ죬漴Ҷ˴󺰵λˣȶԸЩʬҪ
ôôʬ
Щʿڿʬͭӿʱ򣬲ŵȶӳˡ
֮ǰѾʬ֣֪ʬǿ֮ʬһ꣬Ȼḯʴʿꡣ
Ǹʱǻʥʬ壬ʥѾȫˣ޵Ķˡ
λס֣
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Ҷ˿̵״̬ܵĿ϶
һٴȥܣһգҲȻЩʬС
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ҡͷʧЦŶԾ޵۹ʵХ˵
СӵȷǸ̥
ХȫͬĻֻԪѹƺųһŵӣ̥ʲô


1201 ͨڶ
֮⣬ڶǿΪҶΪٴα𾪵Ըӣϴ
ع֮ڣҶ֪һУڼѵս
عȻѹʿʥԪͬʱҲѹʬʬʬ޷ʹʬˣֻƾǿ似
ڶع֮в޹餣ȴвٵ󣬻ƷֻЩ󶼲ʲôĶǼҳõġ
ҲЩ赲Ҷ˲ܺʬ
ʬȻӲ羫𣬵ȴ죬ڽ֮೤һ
ȫʥԪ£ԵԽҪ
Щһǿ߻ɱʬٶԱʿ죬ΪǵʥϴʱԶʿҪ
ڲʥ£ǶĿҲʿӾ
Ȼ
Ǻ̫ʥӡʥӡǱͲˡ
λʥѾʥ̥۷弫£ͬǳǿ󣬻ɱʬٶȺܿ졣
ЩʬûʹҪǴԴնȥ֫ܽǻɱǻܼս
һʼʱ˶֪ôԸЩʬΨҶնɱʬٶ졣
κһʬûܹϵľͱԴȻء
ǿڶԸʬʱչ¶ţȺӴսʱǿ󣬿Ƥֱ
˷׷׺棬Ҷʲô̥йʲôôǿ
ѾԽǵ֪
λʥӺӻɱʬٶȻǺҶȴС׼ˣͲһϡ
ۣ
һ죬һʬԴҶһȭ򱬣ɫ֭ҺĽҶ˫ŹðĻζ£ܿЩɫ֭Һ
Щɫ֭Һڽ֮˲佫ӲʯͷʴһСӣͬʱðһŵζɼЩɫ֭ҺĶԶǿ
һʬնɱڶعеʬԽԽ٣Ҷͭɱȥ
ͭǽعڣͬʱҲЩʬϳҪʬȫ֮ܽع
Ҷ֪Ĺ͵ûй߲֮ͬѰ·ĹѨѲ²⡣
ͭвϵʬӿ˭Ҳ֪澿жʬµ˶Ѿû·ֻӲͷƤһ·ɱȥ
ľעʡ֪жʬ
ڻɱ˲֪ʬ֮ҶͻȻ뵽ԼĿռлһ˷Ƶ׵ǹȻƷԸЩʬܱȳֿȭɣ
뵽Ҷæȥ鿴ԼĿռȻ޷ʹԪ£ȻԼȻ򲻿ռˡ
޷ʥռ򲻿ô죿
Ҷˣ˶һȫ޷򿪿ռҲ޷ʹãֻƾһ˫ȭͷЩʬӲ
ʱҶͻȻµһ󶦣һ׸ߣȥǳأۻ롣
Ҷ߶ʮһץסͭһֻ㣬ݺһ˹ʬȥ
飡
ͭأҶ˦ȥĹԣֱӽʬˡ
˻
ⱩһĻ˷׷׵һҶ񶼱ˡ
ǿҶֱһֻεޣѾôʱ䣬Ȼôֱ̫˼ˡ
ҶͭһɱϾʿѧѰһͭ
𣡡
ʿһȣ첱Ӵ֣Ǹոսͭ˵ԵˣԼͲˡ
Ҷһв˭ģµģû㹻
̫ʥӺʥ˷׷Ч£ǵҶܹҶһԵС
ߣ
Ӽ״һͬһҶĶ¯ǰʬͷȥ
ȻǶʱҶȥ
ѵĲɱһ·ɱͭǰ㽫ڶعеʬȫɱˡ
ͭźģ˭Ҳ֪澿ʲô
ɵڶع֮ΨһڣعڱȻ
䣡
΢ϢƬ̣׼ͭȥʱͭͻȻ¡һرˡ
ô£
ʲôµıʰɣ
ͻıгɻ͵ǡ
ǺԿܷƿ
̫ʥ顣
ã
̫ʥӵܿõ˵һͬ⡣

˫Ƶͭϣһͬʱ
Ȼͭŷ·һɽһ㣬˿˶ſǵɫͨҲûܽƿ
λЩԣܹƿĻƾǵƿˣ϶ƾܹ򿪵ģһнơ
ҶܿˣͭĹҵĹţȻûе򣬵ĹѨࡣ
Ϊǹ˿УĹŶ򲻿Ļûʸõкͱء
˵ͭŸô򿪣۶Ҷ޲ýҶˡ
ҶûӣǿʼͭϵĻƺ͸Ķ
нƣȻ⼸֮УǵϻĹѨĵع
ͭŷǳ޴ŸֻƣзһЩ˵е
ȻΪͼڣԾɶֻڴ˵е˾η
Ҷͭϵﶼһ飬Ȼ̽мɵĵط˼£ͭһ㷴ӦҲûС
ߣû¾ͱټˣ
ӲŹκһҶĻᣬҶ֮ѾǽⲻֻҪлᣬ϶Ҷֵġ
ֻڵԣ˭Ҳ֪δȾ޴ͭţȫϣҶϣ˿̾κ춯
ҲҲֲ˱ˣղѾ˽⵽ҶⲫĿֲ֮
ͭѾûϣˣҶһΧԾûзκοɵĵط
ѵʦľﲻã
Ҷһ߸һߺĿĵҿѰҿĹŵķڸģ֮Ķ
ţ
ȻҶͭи޴ͷֻûͫʣȥ졣
͵ȥ
Ҷ̫ʥӺʥ˵
˶һۣһһߣץסҶļͷһ˦ҶĵֱӳͭŵϷ˫ͷ˫۰ȥ
꣡
һ죬ź¡¡һͭŻˣ¶ͨ
ˣ
Ҷһͭŵſڣ
ұ֤ĺ˵Ϊֹˣҽ룬ұն㣡
ͭŴ֮ЦһѸȥҪһع
δؼƽʥˣȥô
ӵĻ£˽ĿͶҶʮֺ档
ৣ
һ̡
ҶһȽ֮ͨС
ʵж˻ش




1202 ҩ
٣֪
û뵽ҶȻҵһ֮ͨУЦһ̫ʥӣʥ˲ȺҲͭгȥ
ģȻĽȥˣ
̫Ըˣ
һûнƽʥԲӵĶ֣ˣ
ϧˣһţȻҪ
ҶԥĽͭУʿǷ׷ۣΪҶôõˣ̫ʥҪҲ
̫ʥغȻԹ϶û˺ĳ̶ȣΪһССҶӶ֡
ӵʵ̫ʥӣ˭ʤ˭Ԥϣ̫ʥӲðա
ϾԵͷȴ£Ϊ˱ҶԵ
ЩʿҶ˽ͨҲ׷չ˺ͨС
ǺȻδܹʥӡԵ˳⣬Լ̵ˮҲпܵġ
Ǵ֮µĵһˣҪ˵ͨĹѨûкö˭Ҳš
ͨһգ۹Ҷͨ˵ع֮С
һǳӴһҲûУεԲ֮г͵Ĺâǲ֪Դʲôط
ҶͬʱӺ̫ʥӡʥҲȺĳ˽
ףҩζȻŨ
ʥӾһҩζԴͷȥ
ζѵҩ
̫ʥӵ۾Ҳ˰˶ȣһеҩԴͷȥҩ䵽ʥӵС
ҩҪˣ
ǰȻǴ˵еҩҲ˲Ҷˣչһâ̫ʥ׷ȥ
̫ʥӡʥ˵Ϊ൱ûнƽʥ£ٶ˿λʥ
ҶһҲٳ˹ȥţϵİ£ֻҪҩܹժȻԼģλʥӻӶ޷Լᡣ
ʿҲ׷׳˹ЩһǿȻûмҩҲܲµζȻҩҩ֮⣬ҩû
ҩҲûм꣬ÿһҩǶһ޶ģܹôٻһɼ֮
ѾľûʲôܹΪΨҩд˹Ч
Ȼû֤ɵۣȴǴ֮µһˣ׼۶Ķ֣ӵһҩҲпܵġ
ҩ飬ǿ֮⣬׷κˣҵõҩҲʧȥ
Щϸġ
۵һҩ׷棬϶ҩıκ˶Ҫ˽⡣
ԪԽԽŨҺֻ̬£ҶľٵΧԪ
Ȼ䣬ҶǰԶһСˮݣˮϼƣɢű⡣
ˮݵ룬һɫţɢĹâˮϷһεԴҺϵĵ
ȻǾɫ
̫ʥӼɫͨ죬ΪоԶ̫ʥصʥӣĸ֪ܶࡣ
ɫҩ޵ļҩеһ꣬ǴרĶû뵽߾Ȼշˣ̫ѵˡ
˾ɫһξʱ򣬾ɫͻȻˮаεضڿйâһһɫŮӣʥصʥŮҪʥࡣ
׷ˣ
̫ʥӼʶ㣬֪ҩữΪˣһߣף˵ժˡ

̫ʥӺʥӡͬʱ֣һƬĹâͼҩҩ˭Ǿƾʵ˵ˡ
ҪȽҩߣɾˮһˡ
ĹâھɫεŮϣȴ׻ˡ
漴ɫεŮӰһ˲ʧǰٶ֮죬Ŀࡣ
ܣ
ʱһһǿߴһһգͼɫ
䣡
طعжȻ仯תƣһɱ¾֮⼤һʿɸӣڷ
ߵҲ˳֮꣬ɱ¾֮Ⲩ׷ڷ
̶һ˲䣬ʿʣʮˡ
˭Ҳ֪ôᷢ飬Щɱ¾֮Ϭޱȣ˵ķǾԶĻ˭Ҳɱ֮
˭ڸҺҳֱҲﴦ˽ƣһƣǶꡣ
һĻ̫ʥɫޱȣɭɭ˾棬ͬʱĿⶢӣֹóȻҶ֡
ɫǳѿԭҩҩ֮Ҷ֣նɱû뵽Ȼıʡ
֣вóȻ֣һƣǶɣⲻҪĽɣ
ʥҲӴͣһʱ嶯޷صĺ
ɫ΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ô¥ȻδޣɱϾѾˣܸôҲ޼¡
ҶһԪ϶ѣԼϺͬھ뿪ʱ֮ܽŰɱһʱ
ͨˣʥӰһӲһеĳ֣һ˽ƣ⡣
ҶҲһʱȫˣϾҲð֮踣˵ڲˣͳΪ˵Ĺˡ
Ӵ󣬺͵׹ϵҲУ̫ˣҸֻ졣
ЩԴҺûҩҩϾڴЩԴҺ϶ȱ𴦵ã
ҩҩٶ̫ˣﴦδ֪Ľƣһ˶Ҫ꣬˲ҵҩϷЩԴҺ
ܹΪҩṩ滷ЩԴҺĴȼ侪ˣ̺ӴԪĺö
ҩ£ǶЩģһûҩЩԴҺ͹Գˡ
˷׷óϷЩԴҺһʱ䣬СˮΧվˣҸͨΪԴҺ
Ҷóһֻƿֻƿ¥µѹģԳɿռ䣬䲻˵ܹӺװȥװһˮػǲġ
Ŀǰŵ˶ԸٮٮߣһʿҲкܶ౦˿ȫˡ
ľϽ«ƿָ׷׵ǳҸչʵˮȡԴҺ
ССһ̯ԴҺգۼ㱻Ϸִ丵βʢɼЩ˵̰֮
뽫ϷԴҺĵطڿǷиöԴҺ
ţ
ʱҶͻȻоƺʲôԼˣ־޴Σ˲ëȻ
ʶģҶӿȥĵ˾ӣΨʱ̶ɱΣձȻӦϡ
Ȼ
Ҷ֣ӲδԼֱʲôϵĸоǿңƺһ˫۾ڿԼһ
ʲôѲĹѨлʲôŵﲻɣ
ҶȻһ뵽ĹѨ֮УǶĹѨеΣȴİ˻֮⣬δ֪ҲܶԽĹѨ˲޴в




1203 Ĺ
δ֪Σղ˲϶޷̽鵽˫п˵۾ʲôطҶеĲͬʱ裬ʱó֡׼
ϷԴҺ֮һ̽һǰ»ʲôƣߵøСġ
һ·ϣӲϵҶڵķ򿴹еɱǲεġ
ǹ˼Ҷƴ´δ֪ĽƵͬھĻˡ
Ȼĺݽ棬ȴԼСúҪΪնɱҶðգҶֵԼ
Ҷһпޱʾ
عе۸ӣһܴĴ֮⣬ƫյϵĹѧԭƫӦƷ
ȻҶű˲עʱǰȥ鿴һ£ȴƫоȻһʲôҲûС
ѵ߽еĺöĹ˲ɣҶЩơ
ȻĶ϶ǺĹһڹ֮УҲӦһЩճƷɣ
˴֮µһˣĹᾹȻ˺ᣬȷЩϡ
˵Ĺ͵Ӧòܶ࣬ܶӴļʥضԼĹ԰дȥˣзƷ
ȻˣЩǿ֮ǰаţԼǿײȥΪ塣
һ˲ͽıﶼԼͽҲ˵ֻĶ϶Լµġ
ء
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһ޵ֲ徿ǷʲôĽ
˭
ӻȻվסһȣ˫۾ǰĺڰ֮ȥ
ʲô
̫ʥҲһȣ˷׷׾˶һʲôˣ˲ܷ
Ȼ
˾ϸʱصȴʧˣ·ûгֹ
СĽ䱸
ʥӳѣóһĶȥһһ㡣
Ҷ֪ܹʥӣһ
ʵѣѴʮֵľСĵĽ䱸пܳߵΣա
Ƕʥ̥ʿζʥ̥ڣ˿Ҷ٣ҲӦںڰһ˫۾ڰпǣ˿Ҵ⡣
Ҳ˵ľ˫е۾Ȼûֹͣӣȴʼû¶档
Խ˵ѹԽ˭Ҳ֪˫пӵ۾ʲôˣޣǲ
Ҷ˵ľ߶ȽţҪŰ˫۾ͻȻ͵ϮҪ䱸ʱпֵܳĽơ
ڴ۵ߵĹѨô׽ģȻϿûʲô쳣ʵϰɱвпȫû
ҶԿ϶ڳôˣĹ˽Ŀֻһѡ
˽⵽ĽǵϵĹᣬĹ᾿ҲһĨڡ
ϵĳԣҶоյ˵عǰһ޴ʯ̨ʮɸߣǰнͨʯ̨Ϸ
ʯ̨֮Ϻبһھ޴Ĺ餣зôɢֲѹ
ҶԼƺѹˣҪĤݵĳ嶯
ҲòĶȥмʿѾȥһϵģ·ڳʥһ㡣
ھ޴餵ǰһϺɫĴǹɳǹϺ˸͸޾ս⣬ƺҪƲһ㡣
ЩʣĹѨģҲĹڵλá
ǿھ޴ĹӦþ߱ˣΪǸ͸޾սĴǹԳ׵ǹ׵ǹ
ֻ߱ϾûгɵۣıȻ׵ǹԾɲǵ۱ǽڵ۱Ĵڶѡ
ͨ
ͨ
ѹԽԽǿӺ̫ʥǶڵϣߵĹ餱ʾ
˭ҲûЦǣΪҶ֮⣬˶ˣû⣬һڴ۵ǿ¹Ⲣˡ
ҶҲǿ֧ţԼҲѾﵽٽ㣬ѹǿĻҲ¡
ҶܵǻͳĽ֪жϥлƽ𣬹عĸκ˶ֵԼݡ
ּᶨ֧ŵڣ˶ˣԾڼš
ȻƬʱ䣬ҶѾ͸ؽ󣬻ҵĲţȴļ㣬Σݡ
ҶʶһԲδκָ㣬Ƕ־һֿ飬ǳŹȥĻԺ޾ĺô
ˣҪֲסˡ
һҪס¹򣡡
ҶĹǳ߰һڵϱߵõ˳ֵ֤ҶүӶ¹򣬸οˣ
ҶҪֲסʱǹɿֲѹֹͣˣûټӣҶгһ˫ֱʯ̨ϵĹ餡
ȻԼߵı˫ȴʦͽϵԣݡ
Ҷ̧ͷ餿ȥͬʱǹɿֲѹȥĳˮһ㣬գۼʧĸɸɾ
ӵʱŸվһӵҶȥ
û뵽ҶȻסǿֲѹûй
һҶ־֮ԱǸǸе˼飡

аζӵʱ׵ǹâʢǹ߳һĿ࣬ͷɢӰ
ӰӴǹ֮߳󣬵һʱ佫ĿҶϣȻӰֻƺܹ˵һ㡣
Ŀⶢ֮Ҷ·Լ궼һûκܿԣжʱһݡ
Եһ޴ܣҲڵĵ׵ܣκ֪
İɣûжġ
ܵҶĽţʶһ֣ƽ𶯵꣬Ȼ˵㲻ýţһ׵ǹ飬һģҡ
ҳָô죿
Ҷѯϣͬ飬Ͼͱ׵ǹÿˡ
ģҲɵӣҲ֮Ĵڣֵġ
ϰοһ䣬ŰȻ˵ҲûãȻشϾǵ۱ҵĶ֡
ҶʶʶͬʱҲһ龰׵ǹ߳ӰȻĶҶ
һĻ뵽Ҷ֮׷Ϊߵ׵ǹѡҶΪ̳²Ĵˣʱۺ졢ļ
ǺùȻõ׵ǹϿɣûˡ
˱˵ĵȻӰһ㲻һԪϣȻûѡǣ
ӵĽʺޣ޲һƽҶеԼȡ֮ߵ²С
Ҫ֪߿ǹ˫ڴ۵ǿߣһõ²Укܴϣܹϵ·۵ĵ·֤ɵۣľۣ




1204 
׵ǹǰӵ˭ҲΣȻԷֻǸ飬ɱǻ׾ٵġ
Ľʺ޵ʱ׵ǹ߳ӰڽĿҶƿˡ
ɨһǣ׵ǹ˵ˣ˵ܣ½ӭһΪԻ͵ĵ·Եʱ
ţ
׵ǹĻĽӭһޱȻԻ͵ʱ
Ȼ׵ǹ˵˵ԸҪ²Ի͵ʱȥû֤ɵۣϣ²ܹԸ
ԭ򣬲˵عĿǺˣΪ²̳ߵĺѡߡ
׵ǹ󣬵ȴ·һͷըһ㡣
Ҷ֮⣬ڳ˶˷ܲѡ
֮ǰΪѾûϣˣû뵽·תȻм̳²ϣܲϲ
һЦҶȥҶûһȭ·˿մһ㣬˿û㡣
СӣȻߵĴδؾģ
аݣΪԣϾκ˲ҶǿΪԼϣҶС
Ҫ˵һ䣬˵²ô״еģҪõоͱҪͨµУԸܿǰһԸھͿ뿪
׵ǹɨһˣȴ˵ģһ޷ͨ飬ֻ·һؿǰɣ
ৣ
ⷬһɫһ䣡
Уܶһʥ̥۷ʿ׷״ùġ
Ȼǻ֪ʲôԣԼЩ˿޷ɵģôͨˣҲʥ̥۷ôꡣ
ž
Ҷ˼ᶨһԼһܹͨģ޷ͨҲԲǲȥġ
ҶȻѡܿ飬ܶ˶ݺݵĴ̼һ£һЩԭ˳һǿ߶ҧ
ҶһԪ۷СʿԼʲôȥһܹһδأ
ͨ飬ܴУͨô򵥣
׵ǹĻҲԥˣȻԼҲģǱϾֳ̫ʥӺʥʺ˿˴ڣûбʤİա
ҶеһһҧһģޱȼѵǰһʾԼԸ
Ծмѡ˳ǲȥһ翵δ
ֳôˣյõеıȻֻһˣʣµĶҪǿɲȥԼһΨһӮҡ
ϲǣǻ֪֮ģȥɣ
׵ǹ΢ЦŶԼѡȥʿһ֣漴ԭһ£ʧˡ
Щ˴ͳȥ֮׵ǹ·һ΢һŶҶ˵ǶǺģߣϲǣҵһͨˡ
֪׵ǹ«ʲôҩʲôҲûôͨĿأ
ǣ֮⣬ԼضܹɹҶǵĿ飡
׵ǹЦ仰˵ҸղƭǵģͨҲֻᱻͳȥѡլʺɱ޹ҸղŲû֮ضѡ
ԭˣ
̲סкݺݱһ׵ǹ飬һ̫ɶˣ˭뵽һߵıѣ
Ҳ̲סһϾ֪ͨҲһϢġ
ҲҪ˵̫ˣȻˣȴôͨġ
׵ǹٺһЦ˷ֱ־ԵĲԣ־ȫϸ߼̳˵²ɵõУ˿ͨˣұ㵽ѡֱҵϸΪֹ
ϻ˵ھͿʼһ־ĲԡǵĽþ֮Уܹӻþ߳ıϸ޷߳þ̭
˵꣬׵ǹһ֣߶
ҶֻԴһѣΣ֮ǰκζǲˣƺӡһ㡣
ٴѹʱ򣬷ǰһо˵Ϥѩǵɽͷơ
ء
һǺһͷСţһǴԶɿ
Сǣ
ҶһѾǲûмСһˣڳޱȣһɫëһ㣬͹ˮ
һһǰһ˫צӴļͷһĿˮ״̬Ⱦñ˻Ҫǡ
Υĸо
Ҷ̾ˣԴ֮Ҳûлص򣬶ǰʦӵɽô
ҶǱˣʦأȥ˼ң
һҶޱȼѵƿڼϵצͷȥ
һ˴ԼŮЦĿСǣһһЦϤ

Ҷ۾ģˣ첽ܹȥؽڻУԼһʧһ
Сıʦ˼ҿˡ
Եһ±Ľסű˴˼£
㲻걻ɢôֺˣ
ҶǵãڵĿռ֮ͨǰɢֲ꣬ˣôֺˣ
ģʦ˼Һ״ʦʩչǿнҵ£ġ
һ˵һߴҶӵǼСéȥеĳϤһһľû˿仯
Сӣ㻹֪
ոսӽСéݣҶһϤϤСéдţһֲһһװ飬һһ̫ʦδӷ߳
ʦ
Ҷе̲ס¶߼ǰҴʦʹ顣
ϣ̫߳ˣȻʦ
пŽ´˵
ҶһᣬһֱƺΪϼһٺʦ
СӣλͲ˰ɣѾͷҲˣѡӣܰѾͷһȢúõعСӡ׽ؿҶ˵
ʦ˼Ϊϲأһ죬һӽ˷С
ȥıӰþеҶԼƽ
Ҳ̫ʵ˰ɣ
ƽҶи̾һ䣬ҲʿԻǳ˽⣬Դӳɽϣ֪һжǻþƻþΪĶ
֪õĶþϾǻþҪԼܻعҡ
ʦȻ֪ԺеĻþһҪͷллЩ֮
˵ţҶٴιص򲢲ڵͷ
СǸʲô
ƺǳȣ̫ʦվ㻹Ҫߣ
ллһõĻþ
Ҷ˵һ䣬漴һƣ
ಣ
üļһСݺ֮£·вҶԺ
Ҷǰһڣ˲ָԾվĹ֮УǰǸߴʯ̨͹餡
׵ǹԾվʯ̨֮ϣֻǿҶĿһ˿쳣




1205 
Ҷӻþ֮ܿȥԾв˻ڸָĻþ֮С
е״ħֽֿУе洺磬ƺ˷ǳܰĳһ
Ҷ֪׵ǹΪĻþҲԼһΪģҲΪֲġ
һ֣þϾǻþܹ߳屾ģ˷׷Դпѳþ
һʱ޷ѳþǾֻܱ̭˵־սʤþħ
ҶеֵǣӺ̫ʥӡʥ˾ڣ֪Ѿ߳˻þǱͳȥˡ
ҶоӦǰߣΪƾǵ־þӦסǡ
ɣѾͨ˵һ飡
Ҷеɻʱ򣬶ͻȻ׵ǹ
ͷһֻ׵ǹվʯ̨֡
Ҷͷʯףһʯ̨֮ϣȻһԣƺһ㡣
ϲͨ˵һ顣
׵ǹӰ˿ƺʵ˲٣Կһ׳ļһ͹š
ĻþֻԼ֪Ҳ֪ڻþоʲôǷأˣãţõģҪȥԼе룬ǲẠ̊́ܲУûǾеħֻսʤħ֮·ߵøԶ
׵ǹ٩٩̸˵Ļ䲻˵ᣬҲĸҶĻеȷһЩ
ллܽˣ
Ҷǳǫ׵ǹлȻѡһĵطĿԼڻþһС
黹ǰ飬ͬʱҲĶûоȻִûѰĸ׵ִƴ
ãҶãĵõģʲôʱ׽ܰĳ涼Ǹжĵġ
ͬһ˿ٵĳɳľ޷Ǿϲŭֳ̣ʧȥκһ֣ǲԲġ
֪ǣԼĻþ֮У˵Ǽ仰ʱ׵ǹ鶼ˡ
Ӻ̫ʥӡʥȻ߳˻þȴʵһѳþһɲǶЩʧ䡣
ȴʼȫ֪ǻþȴǵûм߳ǳͶȥеĹ̡
ֱΪ߳þʱ꽣Ƶþӻþ֮˳
Ҫǣûκεıˣ˵ղŵĻþʵһõξˣһжصԭ㡣
־ֱƿֲ׵ǹҲ˶ӣ˿ֲ־Ҳǵһμ
ҶʱУ½мԼ߳˻þҲƴȫ߳ѡ
˶˻þ֮УǲԸֱʧԼ
ʱ䵽ˣ
׵ǹһ֣ЩԾڻþ֮еһɫĹâɲǼʧĹ֮У͵Ĺ֮⡣
ЩѹͲ֪ʲô£ֱоԼѹѹ֮Ѿ֮ˡ
Ȼദôˣʥصʥ¥棬˾һ
֮ǰѾ˼ˣѾĹеθ˵һЩʱ𶯣˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻֵ󣬽ĹС
Ǹеοǣ֮ߵĹѨȻѾĹң϶ջġ
ŸеǣЩ˵µģͨ˾ֻ·һ
ôĹУֻһͨˣõУһյõеĲԼŵˣôǾ޴ʧ
ȻʱһͻȻڹ֮⣬·Ǵӿռֱӵһ
澿ʲô˭ͨ˿ˣ˭õĴУ
ûпڵҰƣ
Ǽôˣ
Щ˸ոһϾвΧȥʶеѯյĽеѯԼŻ߼ôˡ
һʱ䣬ֺ֮ģг
αͳ٣Щ˷׷ױ뵽һԣϸѯ澿ʲô
ʱЩ˱Ū澿ʲôʱ˾޴ĺ䶯
˭Ҳû뵽ҶһԪ۷СʿȻܹȻߵ󣬲ͨ˵һ飬ֱ˷˼
Щ֮ǰ˳ʿϻģûУ־Ѿˡ
ԽԽϲСˣһʲôĹ̥ȻܹƾԪΪһȺʥ̥ʿ֮аȻߵ󣿡
̫ʥڵ֪Ҷص̲֮סһ棬ӺԼʥӡʥӶһеٮٮߣߵ󲢲֣ҶߵȫԤϡ
ҲȻĹѨܹ֮۸ֽɻ䣬֣֮أʼմĹѨ֮Уһ޷ôУ֮ɡ
ʥȽǣȻҲҶȤȴ֪Ҷջǻģһز۵ǲܱ֮Ϊŵġ
ߣһСС϶ѣǹ˼˼޹Ļͽһֻһˣ
ǳ԰֪ӵʺԣߵĴбȻӺ̫ʥӡʥ֮ҶܹͨһѾǽˣҪͨڶ鼸ǲܵġ
Ҳ˵뷨ΪҶľ̫ˣһ󾳽磬ǿɲģһ󾳽£ԱûУʲôͱ˾
Ȼǹ۵㲻һǣȴҶϣõߵĴС
˲֪ȴ֪ôУҪ˵ϣõߴеģҶĪҶȻδţӴһ㶼ûнӴ
ϢϣҶ֮ߵĴ϶ߣҲϣôС
жϵͬʱ¥ɫޱȣ¥һ˶ûˡ
ΪԵ¥һľӢǲˣȴȫûĽ֣ŭգ
Ȼû˵¥еŭͻɢɱѲ³һҶŴĹѨ߳¥ض֣
һۣһ׼ָԤȻһĵĹأ˿¥滹Щ
ǼϣȫҶҶʬΣңͷ֮ޣ
ڱţĶڹȻҲΪҶܹӳ죬²ؼҲûҪġ
ô˵Ѿˣȥܹͨþ˵ֻȼ˶ѣߵĴлߴЩеһҲûУҪǵԺ컯ˡ
Ȼ˶ûȥǶڵȴյĽǰڴ۵ǿߣĴǣŲ˵ġ
֮⣬ȻûֱӲҲǵĸţͨЩˣҲйע¡

ǶջɣǾͽеڶĲԣԲԣ
۷׷׵ʱĹУҶѾ׵ǹɨˣٴοڣڶԿʼ




1206 Բ
ĹʮˣȻľȻʮˣɼ־ĿǶôͨ
˶ڻþ֮޷԰Σܹѳþģ־ǿ־֮
׵ǹǳ⣬ԭΪôͨҶһľ޸о
ǷǳҶģΪΨһһûھ޴ѹ¹򵹵ˡ
⣬ҶԪ۷ѣδʥ̥ڴ˵õĽҶһȻɵô̶ԣԷǳǿˣѾԼеķҪı̫ˡ
׵ǹеǣҶϾȻ˿˿֮ȻͬͬԴĶġ
ֻ׵ǹЩƣһţʶоȻһ۱顣
ôǿҲܺ͵۱龺ֻεѡ
ΪҶȻѾõ˴۵ĴУԼǲܺʹ̳ߵġ
Ȼ޽ӽۣɱϾûгɵۣ޷ʹ۾
ʸ£ԵĿνУ
һ׵ǹκζ̲סʵ
ǳţ־ĿУһѳ˻þ־ǿΪõߴе˷ԼĪ
ȻǾɿɣҲҹζࡣ
ӵĻѣ׵ǹ鵭ڶܼ򵥣Ҳѣ˵ĹлһιžλԲܹžıΪϸ򲻳̭
˵꣬׵ǹ鹧餾Ϲ˴;
ĻߵĹ餹âʢƺһ㣬˺üʯ̨ϵȥ
ʱһ˫ײҲҵ۾ӺڰֱӴߵĹ֮ϡ
СףɣôҲûˣ
ǰײҲҵ۾ֵʱ׵ǹ˫۾˵
˭Ҳ֪Ĺ֮оȻڣҶڣͬʱǰײҲҵ۾ȥ
׵ǹҶͷ̽һը죬һһĶը˴ܳһͷѩףСţСİ
Ҷ˸ϵ𾪵ǣͷǾȻûͫʣ鶼ǰɫģûκκɫĵطȥ졣
ء
ѳİһƳǺһ嵽ʯ̨ϣߵĹ֮ǰصг˲;
ͷĶģ
Ժͬʱӿֳһ⣬ȴûΪǽ
ʱߵĹžͻȻһͳоÿһֶĴ˵ĺ
ţ
Ҷ𣬼æоȽιž
ȻŵͳоһϽɫĹִӹзĹҵϿղϵ˸С
⣿
˶ˣΪЩǸոгľģЩֲǰչž˳Уǲϵڱ仯š
漴һַֽ⿪ϵ飬ĹϿγһµǿͼ
Ҷʯ̨֮ϣ˫⣬ǿͼӡʶ֮У͹ž໥ӳ
٣
ЦһӵĿҶһۣȴûԼɵƵƺһȥžе⡣
ڳȫῡ壬ʻԶԶͬžȻ£ǻܹԼġ
žǿͼӡ֮Ҷʼžеľ壬ιžͷβҲ֪ǴһžժµһΣÿһַԽ͡
ҪǣÿһֶʮֽͣһƫģȻᱳž⡣
νʧ֮֮ǧ
ҶϲޱǶԼĿ飬ǲæģ˵ˣͨĻ׵ǹ飬ǵ޷õУԼ
ҶԲ鷢ԣҪԼʵιžɹžγɵǿͼ
һͷʣҶĬĬĸϣܹž⡣
Ȼιžͷβû֪ιžһž֮УҪֱ̫ˡ
֪˶ãҶӹžһֽͻȻ뵽Լʶеһž
Ǿ۵ľžƪܸ١
صȻƪѣȴõܸ١
ҶŴŵõƪеܸ٣ȻͨˣιžӦеһΡ
ܸ٣Ҷͱȱ˸һҲ̫ƫ
ɹž뵽ǿͼҶȻ۾ǿͼȴ·ǰһϵ˸ţȴҲûб仯
ǡƣǿ֮е·ͼ
ҶԼ뷨һǿ·ͼʲôܹǿգǼ֮䳩У
ΪһˣҶ֪֮ܽľʵ̫ңԶˣʮϰٹƣľ룬һܹǼ֮䳩
ⲻڿЦ𣿿κҲ޷Ǽ֮䳩Уɡ
ȻɿҲĹŴкܶ񻰴˵жʮ޾ġ
ǱϾ񻰴˵ҶãУ֤ʱܿĴڡ
Ǽ֮䳩УǾ̫˼ˣӵĽҲʮǧѣǼ֮䶯ʮȣ̫ˡ
˵ģ͵ӵҲ򼸸ģ˵϶ңԶˡ
Ȼ磬ֿƺĴڣ۵ȷܹǼ֮䳩Уġ
ǼʳвҪյǼ֮У͵Ĵܹһ㡣
ÿһ۶Ƶĸ֣ƴ洫󣬿ڷ֮Զ봩С
ĻǿͼƺһǼ֮·ͼ
ҶȥѰңȻҵ˺ܶŵ㣬˳Щŵ㣬մﵽһɫ
ȻҶ֪ζʲôȴ֪ɫζΪ׵磬ƺӦӦڵĵط
ʱҶðһͷ߲ˣǲ֪ʲôԭǿɫġ
ͷ˼˼㣬ҶȴûȫԼͷ
Ϊڽ֪֮ڵ֮Ļ࣬ôǿ֮лĵطʲôֵأ
ƼΨһ̽ǿյֶΣ˴𰸣һ˵Ϊﵽ¾֮ǿǼʴеġ
Ȼ磬Ϊʲôɹĵطأȫͬڵһַ١
Խ룬ҶԽԼĸȷģ֮⣬Ͷ޷Ľžǿͼϵһ
ͬʱӺҲڲϵĸţÿ˵ĸ򶼲ͬûκһ˺һ˵ĸȫһġ
һǧһǧķأͬһιžÿҲԼĸ򣬾Բͬκһˡ
ˣʱ䵽ڣνַ˵ĹϣԼĸ򴫵֮УõϿɵ£˵һԼ֤²ĴС
ʱ׵ǹ׼Ҷ˵Ĳ




1207 
ء
׼ܼˣƺֲᣬĿ׵ǹ鿴ȥƺ˽ܼ顣
СףһҪˣ˵²Ҫȥٴ˵ԸѵҪΥ𣿡
̬׵ǹ˵漴һ֣һâŷһԡ
ء
ƺסˣϵĺţȴãһ˫ɫ۾ᡣ
˭
׵ǹ黷һˣѯʵ

ӵʲõĵһվԼĸǳģֻҪԼܸļ飬˾ûϷˣ˷ʱ䣬һԼܼ顣
ߣϣ㱻̭ܱ֮š
̫ʥһһؿӣΪܹõߵĴС
ûŲ˵㣬ֻҪҵõУһҶСӣڶֵˣϴӵŰɣ
ЦһԵĶ̫ʥ˵
˿̫ʥӣΪҲһӴļ壬Ȼûгۣǿ֣߳ʼ
κڰʱԾɼ̷ǳ񣬲ʥشˡ
˵ţӵһߵĹ餣ľһ֮󣬽Լַڹ֮ϣ˫΢գԼĸͨƴ֮С
޴Ĺû˿ɣҲûн
ʶĴǷǳģƬʱ䣬ӱ㽫Լĸ뵽֮С
漴餹âţӱһͶӴƾܿվʯ̨ıԵ
ϸ񣡡
׵ǹɲκˣ˵ӣǵ崫Ҳһϸǲϸ

̫ʥӱЦţڻô㲻ǺųһҲ
㡭
߷߽û뵽Լ÷ǳĸȻϸĴʵС
̫ʥӻһ䳰ȷŭա
ȻҲ֪ʱԲ֣ܳһ׵ǹ飬Ҳ
̫ʥӣҲ̫⣬Ҳϸ񣬿Ҳܺϸ񡣡ŬƽһԼ飬ؾ
̬ðܹõȻãòҲûʲôĳˣɱĶˣ
̫ʥȻ˵ɣʵҲţϾӵԲ٣Ȼûͨ飬Ҳû˿ա
ǸԼȴԤ룬޷ͨ飬ٲƶ˵ȵס
ڶǰܼ飬ϵģٴαƾܿ
ϸ񣡡
׵ǹޱ˵̭
һ̭߱׵ǹɫҲԽԽѿϸĻҪȥѰܹ̳²ĴˣϾ̫鷳ˡ
ֻʣҶ̫ʥӣʥˣЩûͨ˿˵ĿøŹ
УҶԪѣ޷ͨ飬߾̫ʥӺʥ֮䵮ˡ
ǺȻҶʵ;粻ʮԾûʥ̥˵ʾԲ̫á
ʱ̫ʥӺʥҲڴģµҲֻӲͷƤˣԼѾˣ޷ͨҲûʲôźġ
ʥӻǰȥֵڹϣ۾Լĸ򴫵֮С
һӹȥˣʥӾȻûб׵ǹо˸ΪϷ
ʱ
ʥҲƾܿһɥ˵һԡ
ûͨ
׵ǹһ㵣֪ͨ˼ĻߵĹ餱ȻչֵģʲôҲûб㱻ƾܿûͨ
֣һΣ
̫ʥӴʱҲˣʥʵ֪ܼ龿һʲô顣
ֻζԴҲ˵ףԼԾ֪ˡ
ʥƺԸ̸䵽˼㡣
ҿ飬ּûһ׼ʲôĸǺϸģôΪʲôûһǺϸģ
ӾԼϸЩԩԼţȴû뵽ܵĴ
ڿÿһȥܼ˶ƿ֮ڱˡ
˭ĸϸԻУֲ˵ģٲֱӽͳȥ
׵ǹĿһۣʱ˵ˡ
̫ʥߵԱߵƵڹϣԼĸ䵽֮ڡ
Ƭ̫֮ʥҲıƾܼܿ鲻ϸĸͬ޷ﵽߵҪ
ʣҶһˣ׵ǹĿһۣ˫⡣
Ҷ̹Ȼӣκξı飬ǳŵȥ
ҲҪܼ𣿡
ǶûͨƾһԪҲõߵĴУֱǳ룡
ҾûҪܼ˰ɣǶûͨͨģͽȻ˷ʱѡ
ҶߵĹȥʱӵ˷׷ΪҶͨ顣
۷׷׵ʱ׵ǹͽȻҶǰһԲĿ
Ҷͣ˽ŲȴδѯΪʲôסԼĽŲ
ʱ׵ǹ鰵кϽ̸˼䣬ƺĳЭ飬ÿˡ
Ҷŵߵ֮ǰ˫Ƶڹ֮ϣƴԼǿͼĸƴԹžĸ
˫֮ϵʱǰɫ䣬·һƶˣǰվһĿ࣬ɢںͷӡ
Ҷ֪˾ߣֻµһһӡȴķɡ
ҵ˼ˣڵȵһϸĺˣĸûǾһǿ·ͼյǿǽǣ
ߵǳ񣬽ţҶʣ˵Ҫ˵ֻһӡȥ֮Ҿͳʧˣ
ڣ׼𣿽ܱĴУ
ҶصĵͷȻԼĸǳţõеʱǸеǳ𾪡
˿̣ǵУҶӰһɫ֮ţƺ͹餳Ϊһ塣
׵ǹ鼤˫۷Ź⣬૵˵ͨˣͨˣڽ²ĴУҵҲҪˡ
⡭ôܣǶûͨ飬ĸȻõϿɣ
ЩûܵõϿɵʿǷ׷ĽʺޣΪʲôԵûԼķݣȻһﲻϵ˸õˣ
˫׹⣬ȭͷ߬Ľģǽڱ
޲̳֣ɱҶ⣬׵ǹǲԼǰɱߵļ̳ߵġ
û뵽ǷѾ࣬ȴͽ£ȫ
컯Ū˰
ʥӺ̫ʥһĽһ߸̾




1208 ô
Ҷ֪Լܿʱ飬˿̣ڽĴС
µӡͨطķҶʶο̣ԱҶպ
¡¡~
ڴнеͬʱͻȻѿĵµϢͬʱĸ֣ڹ֮ǰ׵ǹץȥ
󵨣
׵ǹһȣһ֣׵ǹУûâһ㽫ֻֻɢˡ
Уƺˣһƺߡ
ٴλظƽ׵ǹ鵥ֳԼı壬£˵С׵ǹǽڵ۱Ĵڣʵܿģ֪ô飬ݹҴɱ䣡
ⷬʱķϢ伣Ҳҳˡ
Ѿ֪ƾԼ޷õƿ׵ǹֿ»
ƢΪ𱬵ģıȻҲ̳Ըһ׵ǹɱĻ򣬿綼һѡ
۱ʧʧܴܴѾ޷ս׵ǹΪڵ۱ĴڣƺδܵʲôصĴˣ漤ŭºܳܵġ
ĵϢɢҶϵ֮ʧн
ڵõɵ֮󣬾ڻͨҶڽžż
нҲȥʹˣ
׵ǹɫӵĿҶΪ֮δɵԸͿʵˣ
˵ţ׵ǹ߶ǹһɫߵĹ餣ڿնĹңʣңԶǿա
һ߰ɡ
·ϵĽʧˣ׵ǹ鰧
СףҪ˵Ĵ߳ɳػƹ
׵ǹͣڿУԵϲϱİ˵סٽ֮ǰ뿪ɳ򣬽ػнĺôģȥɣ
飬ûƨۣһӹүģ˵ˣȴһϲⲻǿ𣿰ϣүġ
ǵĻû˵꣬׵ǹһ٣ƬһӽҶȫ֮Уðǲҽвѡ
ҲŪ˸ͷ˭Ҳû뵽׵ǹ龹ȻĹҶƿˣʯҵ
ΨҶûκʯΪͱٸɷɻˡ
ģô
ܣٲܾˣ
ЩʿǴ˿̼ɥ֮Ȯ̻©֮㣬񱼣Ĺ֮ⱼȥ
ǺнĹصĽҲȫʧЧˣҲõʲôƣҶϵһմȾϣһɽٵĻЦɾͿˡ
ҶĿ飬ͬʱҲǶıúóɳɣҪʧ
˵꣬׵ǹ߶Լ壬ңԶǿշȥգۼʧˡ
׵ǹߵĹʧӵ˼ֿʼھûʲôܱˣô˻ὫҶɱΪ¥±ƺõĻᡣ
ȻڿҶǿ񱩵֮ɫ䣬Ҳڷ
û˲־٣
һԣֻмǿţ׼ֵ߳ǰ£Ÿ٣ĥ
ȻԼʵģûпΪɶȹٵĵز
һ˼ûѸܡ
̫ʥӺʥӵ˷׷ױܿմȾ
ΪǺһմȾ٣ҲŶɽ٣޷ȹ
ͬʱ
ǿ٣ҶȻ壬֮ǰҺд׺о֮ĴݲУѴﵽԪļ£ͬ绹Ҫǿ
ɣҼʶһ´˵е٣
Ŀ֮£Ҷһ㲻ǡһȭ

һĻ˽ɵۡ
Ҳû뵽Ҷ˷ʽɽ٣
䣡
һ죬ҶȭâȻըѣֱӽɢͬ¡
Ҷԡ֮Уϴ񣬽˻һĥ
Ҷ編ƣϵغŲ콵ַ˼ķʽֿڶʿľս١
Ȼ
ܿ죬ٵǿˣҶ޷ɢֻӲΪǿд֮ʱָƣΣա
ͬʱȴùˣ
׵ǹ͵Ҷߣһϴʹвѣϵİëըˡ
Сӣűϣʹˣ
ǱõҴܣʼ޷ٵҶҶĿɿڴ
ʣͷǿ϶Ҳ޵һ֣ʵôٸĲʹС
Ҷ㱻үģҡǼ
ǣû׵ǹ˵ң㾹ңҶһߵֿ٣һ߻ص
ޣô֪֣Ȼ֪ǰǣ㻹ָ㣿ȥɣ
Ϊӵڶ֪һģʲôôҶֱ
⣬ҾͿСӲ˳ۣ㱻
Ҷһ߶ɽһ߸ϵĶ죬д֮ҲǿһʱҲκβɰǲͬһƬƬĽڣﶼе绡˸
СӣŶɽ٣ҲʱƵģһʱ䣬ʧôӳȥϽߣ
ҶͰ죬̲סѵ׵ǹ˵ı٣ټκ˶ҹ㣬ؽԼ٣һɽ٣㲻ߵĻһʧ߾ˡ
ţ
ϵĻҶжʱһݣ
û˿Լû˸Ҷһٽһֵġ
뵽Ҷԥ׷ȥŵðһߣеСӣ׷ҸҸû𣡡
Ҷ˵ͷ׷ܿ׷˱Ǳİǣһϣ˵׷Ǹ·ģҰֵ١
Сӻеġ
Ҷ£ٵȫҶϣʱûˡ
Ȼ
˵ͻȻʶҶԼˣʱһܻ˵СӣޱȣܸСӵ
ٷϻ׷ҲȰ㿾ˡҶŭ
үģСӺݣˡ
Ҳ֪һ뿪ҶöԳҪ٣Ϊ˲ٱһƺҲûʲôȥԼ׬ˡ
СӣĶܣҲ
ǺٻҶԼ٣ٶȷӵޣһ̵Ĵǧ׽׷ȥ
쵰
û뵽ҶȻҳټ׷ɱֲҶɽ٣ʱŵɫӡ
һĻ̫ʥӵ˵ıùŹ
СӣܣҶ׷ˡ
̫ʥһ߿Цһߵ٩ӣͬʱһȥѾʺٴȥˡ
Ҷٽ֮ұؽʬΣңһһ߷ݡ
ȲһˣҾ·
ҶǿƻӦҪŶɽٵĻᣬһٽӻɱ




1209 ɱķ
Ҷ޾٣һ·׷ɱӣŵܴģ޲ý̵ľó
֮ɽ飬޾ٽжȫƻ
ǵٶȻܿ죬׷ɱȴʼղôһߣҶơ
Ҳû취
һ棬Ҫ٣һ棬ٶȺ޼Լ׷Ҳ׷ϣֻܽϣڰϡ
̫ʥӺںţҽӽҶ
˿̣УҶĴʣǱţ˭ҲܣҲԸ⵽֣֮Ŷɽ١
ٵǷǳģҸÿ˵ľ粻ͬٵҲӦı仯
Ҷģ㲻Ҫ̫
Ķˣǧ㣬ôҲû㵽ҶȻ׷ɱʥ̥۷壬ҪɽٳɹҲǳѣΣ̫һ֮֡
̫㽫ҹֵնɱұ׺֮еʱ˵̫ˣˣ
뵽ҹֵȫУҶɱ㣬Ҫϵ֮вɡ
һΣյĵˣԲ϶ΪԼº󻼵ġ
ΣնɱҡҶһȻ˫֮ԩ޷⣬Ǿֻһȥ
ҶģҵУܣ
һаݣһʹ̵ľ񱼣ʱԲҶ׷ϣɡ
ĹѨ˿ѾƻĲˣƬΪ촷ۣǻнʿ޷УֻڵϿ񱼡
ƬٽնˣҶ׺룬Ҳǿĵط·˷ɻң¶ͭɫļȻûʲô¡ļ⣬ÿһ缡涼̺ſֲ
Сӣ׷ǰǼһʲôôʱˣҲҶּۻۡ
ҶݺԴһƣôϻϽ׷ֻҪ׷ҪʲôҸʲôǰҵУ
ǺãƴһΣ³֮ҲҪһѪˣСѪд֮
ǵǸʶļһҶֲĻָѾҶǴ֮壬ѪҺ̺Ŵ֮ⶫǳջ
УֻҪ׷һ㣡
Ҷ˿ѾȥˣΪ˽ϵ֮УʧһЩѪҲûϵ
ء
һǺƴˣ
˵ţһھѪҶٶȶȻһ׷ȥ

˿̣ѾĹѨıԵ뿪ߵĹѨѾԼ͵ȴˡ
Ȼ
ٶȱ£ȴգۼ׷ٵķΧ֮ڡ
໡
ӱòҽȴҵֿΪһԼ֣ȻԼ٣ʱѳپͲˡ
ߣ벻ɽ٣Ը
Ҷһߣ׽ٹϳ֣һȭӴȥ
飬ˣ֮أ
Ӵ󺧣жܵ˼谭ҶһȭͶ㲻ֻӲݺһȭӭ
䣡
һ촫ҶŰǿƿڳ֣١
¡¡~
һƬ׺ٲһ㽫ûֱӽڵأܴˡ
ҡ
һƴ٣һԼȣһ˲ݽվʱпܱɷɻң

ĿѣǼδϣҶԪˡ
ȻȴҲóȻȥȣֱţȴûκΰ취
ʵԽǿԽʵóȻȥӵĻпҪɽ١
֪ٵĿֲҲðգһҲŶɽٵĻҾĳ군ˡ

Ѿʥ̥۷壬ٸӿ̶ֲһͱĻڣһֱӱˣͿסٵ
ҶС㲻ݣ˭Ҳ㣡
漱ŭģȴֻºݻٶڵҶʹߣҲ档
Ҷģˣϵ½׶֮أ
¥ŭڣ¥ҵλźǿ߶ҶУֳصĴκһ嶼޷ܵġ
ǺҶѾƳˮ𣬼ҶŹǣҲԲŹҶġ
һڱϴӣҶһЦ
¥вûзϣ˫ǲݵľ棬Ҳûʲôġ
ȻˣǶȥɣ
¥ҺӪҶŭֹʱҶڶɽٵӣЮǧ׽ǳ˹ȥ
ҶСҵţ
¥û뵽ҶȻ˹ž˵׽ǳ
ƽʱһƾܽҶɱˣѴ֮
ȻȴУǧ׽ٵҶɱһ㣬λһϸߣӵñӻ졣
ʵǿһٵĻ֮ǣǲðա
ߣ
Ҷ׷ᣬʱٵǿҲЩֲסˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
¥ҺӪϵڶǿ˭Ҳұ棬׷ӴܣҪǱжǱ
Сӣܣˣ
˷ֱܵУҶΪ٣ʱǰȫģסһҵǿ׷ᣬŵ
Ȼ˭Ҳ˲ˣ涼ӵı˭죬ֻıҶ׷ϣһȭ١
ܶʿһӶûо٣֪پжǿһ㱻ٸ˷ɻңڷ

̫ʥʥһЩӴ˿Ŀɿڴ
ڶǿ߱һԪСʿ׷üɹֳǻǵһμ
粻طǳ֮
̫ʥа˼⣬аҶԺҪ̫ʥӶҶӴ
̫ʥͬ˼Ļ顣
ҶЮǧ׽׷ɱӵʱ֪ԼĶˣҶȻõߵĴС
Сӻǲѣһ˰˼
ԶһݵߣҶЯٴɱķƵ˫˲⣬һʧ




1210 
Сӣ㲻ú

һʱ䣬¥Һұвǿ߱Ҷ׷ϣٵķΧ֮ڣǵ٣ܲ˻ҷ
׷
ٵԽԽǿˣҶǿͿֲĻָܼ֣ðǼ׷ܶҺ¥һЩͶһЩ
Ļͼ׷ˣ
ǷƤҶΪ٣ڼϻһѪĻˡ
˻
Ҷʵ
Ǳ˻ǹң
ǲҶһ䣬˵ˣҲʱƵģʱ䵽ˣʧЩɱǹĻܵסܵס

Ҷⷬ˵ſڽ࣬һʱɱ𣬵磬ٵǿȺͳʱ䣬˵ûٿˡ
ټң˸ӧ棬һٽΣˡ
ǾӣӶԶǶԶ
ʱҶҲò·ˣǵʧ֮߾Ͳˡ
ţ̻һƣ뿪
ڵѪɲǵҶİΣһʼûҶֻ˭֪Ҷһģ⵽֮꣬Ҳˡ
ΪԼСֻܰҶ˵
̻ƷǳѣұҪ񷽿ɣϸûá
ſ³һȭͷӭ籩ǣһ׼һ
һ˫צӲϵӲצӺܿ˸ӵơ
ǣû뵽㻹һ־
Ҷ̲ס̾һµѧʣһ㶼˽⣬Ҳ֪⴫ƾὫԼ͵
һ־ʵĿ࿴ˡ
ҰǰϹšǲһ䣬ϵơ
㣬ҸоҪˣ
ҶЩżˣٵǿٿʱпܽһٽǵĴûɵĻΣա
ߣ֪̻Ʋܱ𣿡
ԼҲżˣһٽҶҪҲŵùǿֲϼһﲻŹġ
˿̣ٵѾС˺ܶ࣬ʥغǿ߷׷׹֪Ҷڸʲô飬Ϊʲôߡ
΢΢üҶǳ˽⣬֪Բðգ˿ټûߣȻĳִ㡣
ৣ
ͻȻʧҲͻأղŻǧ׽أգۼʧӰ٣·ûйһ
ȻҶʧˣвڶԼ٣طԾ׹أĶɽٵ˲ҽ
ˣ
۵ͷ³ˣڽƿ̻ˣֱϡ
ҶСĩյˣ
С
¥һȣɱ˸ǹҶ
ղǱҶ׷ɱüëѼѪǱһˡ
ٺ٣λϼһˡСүˣǣߣ
Ҷվ֮ϣ¥һ䣬ðǼƣնȥ
ٺ١
ǼЦһһ񣡡
˵ţӺݺһײҶײȥȻצӺݺһƣҪնȥ
ʼû㽫ҶߣֻҪԼߣҶŲأˡ

ҶĿɿڴһ䣬һץס˼նȥİǵβͣһϡ
Сӣȥ
û뵽ҶȻͷקסβͣһҪҶŪȥ
ϧѾˣƱѾʼˣҶŪȥҲһյġ
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢϷԵһĻһʼҶڰϣ˭Ϊһġ
̫ʥӺʥĿ׵ǹ԰ǽ飬Ϊǿ϶Ҷġ
û뵽ȴǾȻЭҺ¥ɱҶ
˻~
¥λǿһ죬ŴαһǿϵСʿϷŪûֱ¡
ȻѾʼˣǸͲܴнҶץǻû
ܣûôף
ȻµƣЦһȻҶͰܹôߣȻҲô׷ȥ
վϣһһŶȥҪ׷ȥ
Ȼ
䶸
һŶȥǵûܼƣƾȻȻըһըͷΪǿһ׼ᱻըˡ
쵰
汩ףû뵽ȻһͷǸһˡ
ۣ
̫ʥ̲סЦǳԸ⿴Աǹ˼ɵҵĻһս
ʥҲ̲סݸҶͶһû˭
ںݵǿһĲ˼顣
ҪҶѾǵԤϣȻ𾪵Ļں棬澹Ȼһը˸ͷֱ̫˼ˡ
¥ɫޱȡ
Ҷɱ¥ˣ޲ýҶƤҲ֪Ҷ֮ɱҶһʮѵ顣
Һ¥λ쳣֮⣬ݺܶҲɥ
ǵĴ˶棡
Ҳ棬ʧСܶˣܹܵķΧ֮ڡ
ȻԵҪ׼һŶ˽⣬ҲûʲôɱԹˡ
鿴Ҷʧķü΢˼
Ƭ̺һ˵ľȫɣ۱ĸ
ΪڶûɱҶ϶ὫԹйɣһɾԻἦȮ
һ£۱󣬵ڸɱɱⱻţ
һҶضмӶٴνԵ
Ҷڶ֮õߵĴУھɱľպȻһɳ죡
˿̽ԵҶ֮󣬾۱󽫻õ޴Ļررʲô̶ȣҲҲ²⡣
Һ¥ַɱ˭ṩҶϢǽǧＫƷʯл֮ܽɱͷＫƷʯ
ͬʱ¥һ˱ɱ
Ǽţ֮±·򶼻ᶯģҶ׶֮أ




1211 ʱ
ʵҲȷˡ
ＫƷʯκһŶһɢ˵ġ
ɱһʱڳһƬȻ
ףҺ¥ѪˣΪɱҶӣҪϧۣ
ɱúܶ˵˼ʼԾǺҶĵϸȻо۱ţϾûм۱󣬶ҲԪ۷ľѣûʥ̥ɱѡ
˭ҪΪҶöԸǾʹشˣһЩͼ׷ɱһϲģ
ۿ󲿷ȻĶЦѡ
ҹֵܵЩѹ𣬵ҶҵõߵĴС
ҶԵ
һ£ȻԸ⿴Ҷκ⣬ͬʱҲţҶܹھлҲڸΧл
οҶͨ뿪ģ֪ûб͵
ӪԶһƬյϣԼ٣ûϼûкõطˣէһһرľͷһ
ռ˲ҩԴҺЩԴҺһݡ
ʱӻѪģƤţЩطѾ¶ɭɭ׹ǣ쳣ҡ
տʼʱҶ䣬ڣ˵ûˣҪ˵ˣֻܼϵķһȹ޻΢˻š
ӵĲ״˶̲סеһĵսľصȥ룬Լͱ˰ɣȻڼš
һнʼٸߣҶǲ֪ˣѾͰһıԵ
ǣɵĺ£
ոմгʱҶΪδɶԶΪԾķΧ֮ڡ
Ķ
ҲЩȦĴһ£ͻȻҶ˵Сӣ֪ôȻҲȷһԿ϶ѾıԵûУǰͳˣϽĳŵһѪ
㻹磿ղҪҷӦͱˣİ𣿻ҪѪ
ҶǻҿڣͰٲĵزȻ治֪Ƥʲôģô
ô˵ˣˣɣ
ֳ࣬ƺһԲϾҪȥҧҶһ
ʲôʱˣ۵úú˵˵ҵ𣿾ȻײƣҷӦĻѾˡ
Ҷ˿ãʵ̫ȱˣ㺦ȻҪѪ浱ȱأ
ٷϻ˵ǲɣǻĿͷ˵

ҶĻشҲ൱ɴ࣬ʿ˵ÿһѪǳ̺
ΪʧһھѪҪҡ
һ԰µµתڱʲôء
ҶĥߴҪԭǾҶıӲδҧƣúҶƤأ
֮ǰûнײȥĻҿ϶ŵԵģӺһĭһȻ˵һѣǳƽˡ
Ҷһһ˵ﻹķΧ֪Ǹ޽ӽߵϼһ᲻׷ɱҪѰһȫĵطȶ
ܹŵĻԺҲһֶΡ
Ȼˣڻ֪Һ¥Ѿ˱ɱϢݵķΧڿٵĴˣܶɢ޺Сŵĵ׼ĴѰϢ
ЩΪʯΪ˵õҵĽҲ˺ʹϵܹõҵıӻݼԺˡ
Сӣҵģ
ۿ̸вɣ̷ϢҶСȶҧȥ
ϣǣ죡
Ҷһ񣬱ǵĴӺݺҧȶϣֱӱҧһ
Ҷıʵ̫ӲˣǸоԼҧһϣݿˡ
ӦҵѪ
൱ǿʵȻզأܱҶʵǿһЩֻϧҶ̫Ӳˣһ·Ǳҧһⲻɡ
ٲҲˣ
Ҷܻвǣһֱ̫޳ˣȻ͵ϮҶӲûóѡ
˵ţҶһȭǵԴȥ
飡
һײҶһȭڰǵԴϣȻûκɼͷ­жӲ
ȻҶɱδȫҲԲСǷ·ûиоһҧСȲ졣
ҶƤĦɼҲƴȫ˫˭Ҳκβ˭
㵽ǻǹ
ҶһȭȭĴڰǵϣ۵ҽУǲ죬Ҷîˡ
ҶȻûбҧƤҲJ۵ģϧӲ졣
һһԵ˺һӣֱû˲ŷֿϢ
ſڵϣһͷһ߶Ҷ˵СӸҵţͲŻʰˣ
ҶҲۻˣڱĵϣµ·ϲؤ·ңʵ̫Ѳˡ
ϢһҶòܺͰپȥˣһ֣߾ˡ
Ķߣ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬰һµָֻ˹⾫״̬ٶʱδκε
Ҷֻùҳսƣ˻ҪҸط㲻Ҫٸˡ
룬һѪҾͲˣ밲
ǸͲһףȻûٴιҶȴĸ󣬲ȥ
ҶۣչԶȥϣܰûôѲļһ
ΪǰɣҲᣡ
ڿնҶ׷ȥٶȾȻ˿Ҳ١
Ҷϵ٣ȴԾ˦ֻεĽʵǼֱǸ̥
һķУֱʱ֣ҶһçĵɽͣΪڰɽͱϷһɽ
˷֮⣬ֻʿȷһıչڡ
ǣʲôط
Ҷֱӷɽɽİʵ
ɽԼ࣡
ϻҶۣ֪ܲɽ﾿ǻݵķΧѾݡ
תһ룬Ҳڰʣһﲻ֪ӡ˼꣬Ҫ֪ڵĵֲŽмˡ
򵥼һ£Ҷ֣ɽ֮ǰ϶˾סȻʯʯʯʵȵƷֻǲ֪λڴ
ҶչظͻƵʥ̥͸ˡ
ȥŪԵģ
ǼҶչظֱŤͷȥˡ
ת˲䣬о˸Ҳ֪ڴʲô⡣




1212 ǲ
ҶɽгһЩĿ⡣
ⶼ⣬̺
ով٣ֺͰǲ˺ܾãķǳȻҪһЩ
һҶڶڲһ򵥵󷨣ȥڣԷ˷֡
ڷ˷⣬ڷǡ
һĲһֱѪʲôʱ򶼻͵Ϯ
ڸĹУҶǲݱŵģжϸ󷨷˶ڡ
ʯϣҶܿ붨ɣƳʶɵʶ
ȻõĴУҶδȥģǲϵĸƪ
ƪ֮ǰһЩϸ΢ĸĶЩĶΪĵط
ΪЩĶҶʶԼǰʵƫģڡ
ܿ죬Ҷڶĸ֮У߶辶
׵֮ؼΪͣҲΪ񱩵һаڰĿǣҶĴ֮֮ͬ
ŶĸԽԽҶ𽥵ƿԼڵ֮֮ǰ˺ܴĽ
ǰȻ̺֮Ҳսд֮ĹȴĿ֮Ķѡ
ڣڸƪ֮ƿԼڵ֮һ޴Ľ
ҶʱҲûţڱһѪʳ֮ٴ
Ϊûǿ޵£ԱǾûģ˭Ҳûȥ
ԳƱԭģڸ֮ǰҲǸѱļһͷȺǣһ޾۾ӵĵطľߡ
׷ߺʵѣһصǰʵǰ
Ա֮󣬰ʩʩȻҶչصɽȴͻȻҲˣƺһʯڣûжڡ
ףȻ۷ˣ󣡡
Ǹߺܳһʱ䣬ʶ㣬Ҹѧ˲󷨺ʹƵĿ̻󷨾Ǵʦġ
ҶСС۷ùˣȴ
ȻƵҶµ󷨣ûôؼЦһ£űȥ
Ƭçɽֵıһĳǳأճǣ
Ȼǳز󣬵ҲһȽĳǳأΪǳһǳˣϱһƬս
ǹսبڣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱġ
ڹսĻһǳأȻԾݵķΧ֮ڣȴݵĹϽһĴڡ
ʱķУճǸͣ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ҪҶҶɢȥ¥ҺңԼкҶгЩ˵ɱҶ
ΪߵҶõߵĴиеⲻˬΪҶͲõߵĴС
ҶɱˣȫѰһʵǿߵ²
ҲУֻṹͬ޷ֻűɽ޷á
ţֻҪҶ͸¶ȥҺ¥ұȻٷӦġ
ԭܼ򵥣ҶٽŪ˸ëѼѪʧ˲ټԱưոݲŽмˡ
ǲܽеģһǿʿ϶᲻ھȽˡ
ԣҲ൱ڿǵĴ·ȴ΢ЩΪ־ԲֵСʿ
Ҫһˣñ˽ϢɢȥȻҪϻȥñҶǰ
һʧķֽľȻһЩͨˣһЩΪĶûС
Ҫʧȥģ׼ץһԼļƻʱͻȻԶһʿӦԪڵΪ
ˣ
ǴӲֵϣļЦһ£ĥĥ׼ٽʱͻȻϮס˵
ʿ֪ΣĽ٣ûʲôҪ£Ծɲš
ո·ΣȻеһɾ޴Σս٣ûüӦͱ˵ڵϣɭɭݾʺϷ

ʿҲû뵽ճǸȻǿʱɵˡ
ٺ١
ǼЦһ

ʿԭΪ޵ԼɣѾƴһ׼ҲҪͷǸۣû뵽лĿܣʱȼϣ
ĻͰ˵İ죡
˲佫ʿԪڵӲκʵȻһֱ۽ϵ·ߵ֮С
֮ʿɥ߳Ѫ죬Ȼҧһڡ
ڲͶȣѾǲĽˡ

λλشţߵĹѨеõߴУɱ¥֮Ů¥µҶˣ
ʿ߽ճ֮Ҽҿջϴ裬˿ڰһ£Ȼһʿۼĵط
ô֪ϢǼٵİɣ
ҿ˵ˣҵҲ㱻ҶҺ¥ַ˱ɱֻҪṩҶһǧＫƷʯܽɱԵõһＫƷʯأ
ò˵紫ϢٶȻǺܿģȻȥ˲һʱ䣬Һ¥ҶɱϢʹзˣʿ֪Ϣ
ȻҶͰնȥ˭Ҳ֪ǽȻܶ˶ĦȭƣȴûҶϢ
˿ʿĻ¥ʱ䶯ˣʿ׷
ǺܻʿĻ֪ǲҥ
ô֪ģʲôƾûУ
һʥ̥۷ʿ侲ùԪʿʵ
ȻɱȥɱҶȡҵĽ±ˣѯһ¡
ʥ̥ǰѯʣùԪʿȻԼЮֵ˵˳
ʲô㾹ȻһֻǸЮˣ
Ȼ飿
ͷǵĻġ
ΪʲôҪҶǺҶһ𣿡
˵һͷɢҶٵʱ¥ʿȫˣ˭Ҳû뵽ȻĽ
˵ͷǺҶĹϵã֮ǰ㽫Ҷ֮Уй¶Ҷٲ֣
һĻϢʿ˵֮Уǹ⽫Ҷײ顣
ҶҲ˲磬Ŷǲ簡һһߣ١
һЩʿ̲סͬҶһѣֱѡ
ǻʲôȥȡ
һЩ̰ͼϣ˺Ҹùϵʿ׷׶Ҷڵɽɱȥ
һʱ䣬ճϿʿһƬƬһԶããɽȥ
ͬʱ
ҶճϴɽرչصϢҲͨٴݣʿڸĿģ׷߸Ϲ




1213 һǹɱ
ƬʿҶĵطȥڰ۲İЦˡ
Сӣôӳ죡ֻҪˣһʸõ˽ȥˡ
˵ţҶչصɽȷȥҪ֮ǰҶڶڵȥ
ҶôҲû뵽̶̰ĹԼѾǸˣԾŬİ塣
ڵõ֮Ҷĸ֮ǰˣϾ֮ǰеӣ֮ǰߵĹдǶιžĸҲкܴİ
ڰççɽУԳ仢Х˸ҹɭһɱ¾ĵطҲһǿʳĵط
ڰڸһ񣬺ܶද޷ٿڶ̫ˣ棬пʵ
ҶȫâƣĿ£ȫ֮ζ
֮ҶȻԼѪҺΪ˽ɫӨ񣬾͡
ʱ򣬰ǳЩҪɱҶʿ֮ǰˣڶһҶµ۷ۣʱ¶˳
Сĵ㣬ͷƻ㲼µ󷨡
ϼʱѣҶעһ£ǿɲʡ͵ĵƣ׵ǹҶɳֱӳֱԽ֮ɱˡ
ϲû֪вٵܣҶ˵õġ
ȻҶԸĬҪģʱ䳤ˣĥܹ֮Ҷɳġ
Ȼʱ䲻ҶȴѾƪˣңˡ
֮Ҷ֪Ϊʲôᱻ֮Ϊڴ۹һֱȷеġ
۹ĻԲκδ۵Ĺƿ׵зһı
ıҴڣǵڶ磬ƪǵһ㾳磬һ㾳Բ֮󣬽ڶֲ
ڶ㾳簴ļأһʿԴŽ
Žһַǳ򣬲֮ͨϵӵԼԵ
Žֲĵطһʿʵȫűһսд˾Ž򣬼˲ɱκǿĶ֡
ϧֻѣܹžͲˣôױҲͲ֮Ϊ۵Ĺıˡ
һǲûнҶе֣һʲôʱôˣ֪Լڸȴûнң
Ҳٸˣ֮һһڣǽ񾭱ýģû̫ĺôһСҶ֪
վһ£Ҷڣ˫ֱϥڶ񷡣
ҹĻ£ǵ㣬ܶǶȵϵĿȥ֪ΪûиĿȾЩǾ½һЩԵʡ
ϧҹ֮УҶκһϤһƬȫȫİǿա
ߵĹ׵ǹı³ããǿգ޾յǿǻصĸǣ
һ̣Ҷ˺ܶ࣬뵽˵ϵ֣ȻŬ磬һЩǶµġ
һҪǿøǿ
ҶصĻᣬ˵ģʵﵽһ̶֮󣬱Ȼܹϣٴͨͨص
ȻϣЩãҶԾɼԼܹﵽֻҪһĿܱûĿá
ʲô
Ҷʱ򣬰ǴԶɹʵ
֪ڸղڻǿյʱðǸе𾪣ΪοҲϲҹǿգǳǳӽ
ûʲô
ҶȻܽ˵ֻ̾˿ɫįĿ˰һۡ
СӣˣǳģĿǳȷ
ʱͻȻʶһ䣬ʵ˵һ¡
ţ
ҶһݣЩ˵δֲ̫˰ɣԼոʱͱǲˣôܣ
Ҷģ˴ʮʵǿĲʥ̥ڶѣž֮ҶҸһԼʵ˶١
Ȼ֪Щ˿ˣһԵ͵͵ˡ
ҪһԿ֣Ҷ᲻ᱻЩ˻ɱˡ
ˣ
Ƭ֮Ҷ׷ɱԼ֮йâһһ˷Ƶ׵ǹУֳǹ֮С
һ̣һ㱣Ҷֳǹյ£˭ź̫ˡ
㱼䣬ʱڵߵĸо
Ҷ־ܰɣ
һȣһȺʿշʰҶΧ
Ǻǡ
ҶƵһЦ־ܲҵķҲǳʲôĿģȻɱңһ·
ҶһҲЩˣڸž֮ıʥ̥ڵǸʿԸһЩѹ֮⣬˼ֱһ
ÿСӣһ㾿жٽ
˵ϣһĿ࣬ͷɢŽŵʿ˫ӥһ㣬ϬĹâ
㻹ʸ񣬲Ҫ󣬻˻ȥɣ
Ҷʿʥ̥ڶѣһҲûзϡ
õսʤ˵Ĵ󻰰ɣһɱˣ
ʿŭûʹãֱӴһҶץʥɻצƺһѽҶץˡ
ҶϹžûκα仯ʥɵĻצ˽ǰ֮ŶȻ
飡
Ƶ׵ǹâֱӽʥ۵Ļצˡ
ž
Ҷһšֺݺǹβһơ
Ƶ׵ǹһһ㣬ҶһӰֱӽʿᴩˣ˸ǰ͸

ʥ̥ڵʿ춯صһҽУ˼ؿԼؿڲŵķ׵ǹƺʵ
Ȼؿڴ׶ľʹȴһжģһʱ֮£Ҷһشˣ
ۡ
һе֣Ҷͣһֱʿǰץס׵ǹǹһ֮ӿֱһֱӽʥ̥ڵʿڿУһƬѪ֮ȥ
С
һĻˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿ˺
һˣϳ֣һɱԼ߳һʿ
һµǳǿЩͬʥ̥ڵʿЩģҶǿͺǵԤϡ
֮ǰΪôˣһɽҶնɱ֮ߵĹѨ治Լڶɽ٣˲մȾٵѡ
ǲ֪ԼĲ²˶ôףҲȻûʥ̥ʵսȴ˿Ҳʥ̥ʿ
Сôôǿҵļƻпвͨ
ҶȻһ㽫һʥ̥ڵʿɱˣ̲ס
Ȼ֪Ҷǿ󣬿û뵽սȻҲ˾ˡ
һ
Ҷֳǹ֮УǹϣһεѪ䣬Ŀģ




1214 Խն
һȫ
Ҷħһ㣬ڿУˣ絶
ǱĿɨʿǶ̲סͷ
ᣡ
飡
ҶĿⲻκθ飬Ƿ·ڿһûıʬһָоʵЩë
Сôôأѵ˲ɣķǳǱԴ²
һڰпҶһﲻϵ߶ţ漴ҡͷܣԲдСξһ

ҶɨȫʱһеȣòʿȺ߳ͬޱ飬ɢϢһʵһ㣬ɱȻ
ʲôˣ
Ȼ֪߲ƣЩΪߵģѾﵽʥ̥ڣҶȴ˿塣
һǿ֤һԼʵжǰõһԽʯ
ҽжź죬Ǻˣڶźеġ
źӾŲڤ֮´һɱ

˵䣬źһȭҶٶţһûκƣǹ԰ͷ̫һ
ţ
Ȼ
ҶȴһݣӱСԪת˿˿Ƶ֮ŻԪǹϣͬһǹ̳ȥ
⡭
˶ˣʲôƴķʽ˫ȻôʲôʱƴһУ
ͱ˲ͬźȴһһ˲ˣҶԼһȭ飬ͬʽӦǧ仯ҲӲֻѡӲƴ
ź첢¡
ҶʵսȻǿ󣬵ϾԶûߣӲƴ֮£ռʥԪıˣܽ˲Žмˡ
ʱ·ֹһ
ƴķʽδţҪ˵ˣڽĵȴŽ
֪Ȼź˾;ԲǲУƲź죬һǿ˵Ǿ޷ܵġ
ʥ̥һԪСʿ֣Ͳһʲôʵ飬ǻҪֵĻźֱ鶹ײˣҲˡ
ʲôֱֶνеˣô𣿡
ĽйעҶ˵սڵĴ򷨣ʱĥһ䡣
ʱһʥ̥ڵСʿ֪ߵغĵһʯ֮䣬Ҫƽ⣬˾ƴһУ
Ȼǿʯڽӽ֮ʱͻȻͣһ£ȻԸٶһŪ˸æҡ
Ҷ˫Ŷź˫磬ȥ۾
һˣʲôĶ˫ܿһЩߣ䣬Ϊ޹أܹÿһ缡⣬ʲô˫Ĵݳźš
ˣ
ˣ
֮ľһҶǹźȭͷһ߾롣
־֮ڣκ˶޷ٱ仯ʽˣ˼Լͬȫǿһ
䣡
һɽȣ֮䱬һǿâ̵۾
һʱ䣬ä
Ψаǿ˫ֵ۾ƺЩ⣬ǿ䡣
ಣ
Ҷ˳Զں˵ĹһѪˡ
ﰥѪ
۾ʱ˰˶ȣſ³һС룬Ҳ֪ʲôĵǼɵģȥһ㣡
Сڿпٱ󣬿ٵıŷλҶѪһβʣյ棬Ȼķɻ
ΪѪǼᶼˣΪŪҶѪֱ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲ֪źˣ
ҶȻȥǳǱʵԶûжźأҽһѪź칥ڵɱˡ
ź͵ùˣȻûкˣҶһǹ֮ķ߳ģֽǹһ֮ϣǱ
Ե棬Ƿǳ򵥵ĵȴ±ǿʿԣԽǿԽǲһ㡣
Ȼʵ£ǵ㻹ȴܹΪʤĹؼ
˾ûаôˣڿҶһл֮󣬷׷׹
һССԪ϶ѣҺͶǰ֣Űʲô
ûڣҶĲһ϶ѣǰһָͷ
ＫƷʯǶǰĪ
һʱ䣬ճǸڶʿ۷׷ףҶ֮£Զźǲƨ
ȻźȴпԼ֪Ҷһǹе֮Ͼ˿̾٣ȫƾһʥǿ֧Ųȥѡ
뵽Լ֮ǰΪȲʤȯӣٿԼ⸱źĶˡ
̿ˡɻ
ڶź˵ңһڣйʥĻˡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ǿʥ޸ݻٵľֻҪ޸Ҫľԥ
ΪҶֱǸ̥еĹֻ̥Ԫ۷ľ磬ʵսȴ˿ֲڹƽһս²һлɱ
֮⣬óҶȻҲˣǱˣʵҶڵʥˡ

ҶһǵѪ˫ŷƵ׵ǹдź
ǰɱ
ǣǰɱֻҪһͷ­ˣ
ûϵûͷ­Ҳûϵǻ֤ģҶڶǰеġ
Ҷٴս˷׷׹룬öź콫ҶɱˣԾûźڱ˵ɱҶˣԱûУҶһ¡
ٺ١
Ц˲֪źǷǳ˿ɱҶⲻǸѼϼ
ЦһͻȻʶҶǿ󣬹Щ˵ûκһĶ֣źҲˡ
ǰż
û뵽Щ˾Ȼôûãô˶޷ɱһҶ
˵źпЦѣ˿Ѿĺˣ֪ҶǿԲóȻͷ
˵ʲôˣ֪ҪڴˡҶԲŹ

·Ϊӡ֤źĻһ㣬ҶзƵ׵ǹǹ⼤һɫĵâź졣
ҲҪ汳
źĹâ˿Ҳˣ֪Լ޷⣬ҲҶѡԱʥ̥
˵Ҫƴô
ҶЦһ׵ǹջأٵĺ˳Զ
ۡ
źɵˣѾʥ̥Ա޷ͣ±񱩵ը÷ǣ궼ûܱ
ôܣ
ǰĶ֣۲ɣ
ô죿
һĻЩ׷ɱʿ𾪵óͣɴ۾д˲š
һȺڵΧɱҶģȴҶնɱˣһ˻ΪǿģЩùˡ
ʲôһӵϣɱһＫƷʯƽҲٰ
ȺУͻȻ˴ȵ




1215 Σķ
һﾪˣ
˿ҶôǿҲڵЩһֵĻҶͷҲס
뵽ǵ˼ʱԾ׷׽Լ״̬ѣʱ׼֡
˵ӣҶ֪һսˡ
зǵûа־壬սơ
ҪⳡɱԼͬʱԼǱԱʵһ¥
֮⣬ҲͨɱķʽѧΪʥ̥׼
ɱ
֪˭һ˻ʮʥ̥ǿ߷׷׳֣ʥݺᣬ׷׳֡
Щʥ̥ʿҲǳڼʶҶǿս֪֮ȫԸĻ
Ϊ˱Ҳ㾡ȫʥ̥ζͱݣս
֮ǰźЩԩȻѾˣԾû뵽ҶʵսȻǿʥ̥ûüþͱҶƵԱʥ̥ĸ



Ҷսʮʥ̥ʿʵӵ˼ޣһ˷Ʒ׵ǹһǹâ֧ҵס˵Ĺ
Ƭʱ䣬ҶʶȥУ£ЩһҲĶ֣һЩͬʱ֣¾Ҳֻݱ塣
죡
Ҷһȫſ˷أƵ׵ǹһˮͰǹâݺݵǰʿȥ

Ѱ·
ʿͬʱһһȭͬʱʥ֮ٴγһҶʵһǹ
ǿҶֻҪסƬ̣˱ֱӽɱ
ͬ
Ҷһвжѣɱͬһǹֳ㣬ͬǿ
ۣ
һƤҶǹˡ
ͬʱͼסҶʿŵĿĿλá
ǵĿλͬʱһǰ͸Ѫ౻̴ˣ񱩵֮ŰƻǵҲһѷȥ

춯صĲ˻ͬʱʿͬһʱ䱻Ҷɱٴˡ
УмʿҶ˹Ҷ˹ȥ
ಣ
һе֣˺˰ΧȦҶͣٵĴмһԶȥ
Ҷ֪ٱΧĻԼΣˣղҲðղ˺ȱڣֻܺЩ˴λսƲ
иһĵǣȻЩ֪Լ٣Һ¥Ҳ֪֪ǻ᲻عأɳһǿ߾ɱԼ
ԣǷ֮أԲɾ
Ҫ콫Щ׷ˣȻһطأֻҪ¥һҵ˷ԼԼǰȫģʱǰȫġ
һ̣ҶгǿҵΣСӺ̫ʥǵ䲢󣬵ȴܶ࣬Ҫ硣
ﵽԪ۷֮ҶҲԼҪͻˣȴȱһһĻ
׷
ЩѾɱˣһǿ֣лһǿߣǻܽҶµĻһиǿǿ߸Ǿûʲôˡ
ＫƷʯЩƽ֣ÿҲԷֵ٣Բñ˽˺
ҪǣΪҶ˿Ѿǿ֮ĩľأնɱʥ̥ǿߣлһʥ̥ڵǿߣǲҶԼûˡ
ûˣԪҲǷǳֲģֲˣԪһ̡
Ǵ˿̷ĻһҶָʵɱȻҪĴۣѾˡ
Ҫ׷ҶҲһ׵飬ΪҶûշУĿ̫ԣѡǱС
һЩҪ׷ͱ׷٣Ѷȿ֪
ҶûȫǣԼ뷨ȻҪƣȻػսˡ
Ҷ֮кЩ׽ԲصͬʱݳУ¥ҵĴӪУ¥һࡣ
ΪĴ֮һ¥ȻҲԼĴƣѡ
ջصǣ¥㽫еǿȫټᣬ׷ɱҶ
ǳ򵥣ϧһдҲҪҶɱùʲôһۣһǿ߲òֵĹأΪҶûʲô̫ǿıǡ
еǿɳȥ֮¥̫ʦϣһƬ
¥¥½ɱ¥ʧһһǿߣһж¥۵Ѫ
ԭ¥ºӵԿô¥ҵݵĵλһ̨ס
һ¥±Ҷɱһȫˣ
Ȼŵ¥±ɱˣҵ׹ϵɲ䣬кγ֪û¥£ǰĵλ϶½
һжǰҶͣܲҶ֮ǣɱ֮죡
棬棬
¥氵ʱһʥ̥ڵĹܼҼҴҵش洳˵
˵
¥
棬ҶСӵϢˡ

¥ȻվĿ¶׹⣬ݺݵʵ
ճǧɽ֮У
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Ϣ׼ȷ𣿡
ǧȷ˵ǸҶСӵİǴϢ
ϢǷ׼ȷҲҪȥһˣñΪǱ𣡡
¥Цһȥ߳ӣеһУٶȸϹȥҶͷ
⡭ǰͨǿߣȥɱһԪϣǲ̫Сˣ
ܼƺЩԼĶ䣬¥ʲôˣ¥Ϊͨǿߣȥɱһûдﵽʥ̥ϣ̫Сˣ
ʨӲȫܸСκߵĻᣡ
¥ŵңǵ˶ѾȥˣϵҲ㣬ȥ
¥ҳ֮⣬мͨǿߣÿһͨǿ߶Ǽĺ
ͨǿȥɱҶɼ¥Ҷ޵ʲô̶ȣҪɱĽ࣬ҶκߵĻᡣ
ͨǿѾһԪصԷӳԽǿ󹥻ǸողͨǿҲС
͹ȥҵҪҶľǲǳͷۣ
¥ڵõ֪֮ͨϽ˫ۼɫĹâ˵
Ͽƣ͵ճǣҪٶȽСӻɱҹζ࣬ʲôʣ
¥Ӹܼһ¥ĵ֮ϣ֮󣬼̼ơ
Ҷģǧ̫ˣɱ㣡
¥˫ֱգɱڵ˵ţʧС




1216 ȫ
УҶ侲ضһϣϢ·ںڰ֮һ
ʮʿСĽǰ˭Ҳ䵥ΪѪܵĽѵڲǰһΡ
һðʿײҶ֮ڱ㱻ҶˣǸϵʱֻһƬսĺۼҶѺڤڤ֪١
Ϊ˷ֹҶץסƣֻܾһ𣬿һҵҶϣãˡ
ǾԱ߿֣ϿȷЩ˶ҶĶֻ֣ţҶ뿪Ȼȴǿߵļƻˡ
ҲìܣڿҶɫįǿպ͵ֳǹս˵ĳ֮Ҷƺûеôûúͷ
죡
һȺ¾һɲǣҶȻѣƵ׵ǹǹâתۼɱˣȻٴߡ

ЩʿУϧ֮Ҫ׷óսҶǲܵģֻܱİ
ոջʮһˣתۼֻʣ°ˣЩʿĺˣȥҲӱɱˡ
ŻɽͲűƲ
һʿݣŴһڿն𣬷գȻȡ֣׼Żɽ
ֻҪյҶûв֮ˣΧϣܽҶɱġ
һ˵ҪŻɽҶЩ̣ɽɽ֪༸ıյĻҪռ²С
뵽ҶһҧǱеЩ˵·ǷŻɽһɲǣִɢȻܷɱһˡ
ֻҪٻɱһˣʣ˾ȫвˡ
ȻЩ˶ԸŵģȻǱɱ˫ۣ׷ɱǾûʲô˵ˡ
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮ȻҪɱ˾Ҫбɱľ
Ľ䣬ѪڣսŨ
һδεɱ¾֮УҶ̬һЩ仯ֻҪǵˣɱ˾ˡ
ʵΪǿʳ磬֮ҪõģΨйϵɱԼõ

һڿնʣµΪ˱ƳҶѡŻɽһ֪ж
ǻէ֣
Ҷһȣ׵ǹչֳ߱ǹеĵһʽڼ䲻ݷ֮ʽеĻȫɳȥϮȥ
Ȼˣ
˴ϲҶȥ˿˭Ҳκβ˽չֳԼǿĹˡ
ǺҶʵս;ȫͬģ˿͵ˣϳȫĻ˭ҲӲ

Ҷ˵ţüâһһ֮Ȼɳգۼ乥ʿʶ

ʿʱҽв˫ֱͷ׹䣬һҶ꽣ն꣬ʧȥս
⡭
ʣµ˵һ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻŵƣ깥ͻȻԣҲ㲻
һ̣ҶǵпĿ־壬ĺˡ
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׷ɱôãǽӶ֣Ҷǵûд󰭣һصơ
һ£ѾףҪɱҶǲܵģΨ˵Ҫ
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Ҷչ˷׷ɱգۼ׷һˣԱʥ̥֮ǰһǹ֮漴һֱڿС
СӾжٵƣôô
ǱҶı𾪵ŴͣŵĿҶһʣµʿ׷ϲɱˣкͳ𺧡
ǣҳ
ǰΧԼʿ֮Ҷһȵ
ûңûҡ
һҶķ֮أǲҶôͷϳ֡
ͬʱҲ֪ҶѾµ͸¶ȥģڳȥŰ
бԶ
Ҷ˵ţӿռóһ⣬һɽȪֽʰɾһտ
翪ʱðǵĶӲĹ
Ȼҹʱֱһ٣ϾԵ⣬ζ̫Զˡ
ûгԹʳĻܹջ󣬹ؼ׷ߵʱҲԹʳ֪ⲻζ̫ˡ
ɶСӣȻʳձ
һ߿̿ˮһżҵ˼붷ڳȥͲȥ֮
գûܵʳջವһ´ܳվҶ棬˵ϹףСЩΧɱأ𣿡
˵ţŤͷΧ˿۾ȴĶϵĿⲻ뿪
ʵǲҵͱȥģ
ҶЦʵã϶һͱȥģЩ˲ôԼ١
ﱾ˵ˣҽͱȥʲôô㻹ǷһѪأҿɲˣ˭Ҫȥ
˵ôȻƺôһҶѹͲǵ͵ľιİǡ
Ĳͱȥģ
ԲǣƷ飬ǾԲмȥġ
˵ĵ
ǿϧˣһΪͱȥģ׼лһأЩ˷ջ񣿡
˵ţҶóһѵĿռÿһռжвٺöʯÿʿزٵģһЩҩ
ЦЦĿ˰һۣҶ˵һģȻģǾûҪָˣҲûķݣ룬㻹ǳȽϺãԸ񡣡
⡭
ǳɵˣôҲû뵽ȻĽ
һ̣ڵײǽĶˣ֪Ļͳˣû뵽ôö
ҪЩģҶµһףģΪѵľء
ţ־ζܺã
Ҷ˺һ⽹۵ȣһ߳һޣİǿˮϵ
ʳձƫϵ
ˮİǺ޲ȥҧҶڣҲֻ룬κβҶ
Ҳһһӻˮļһһתܿ뵽һС
һͷĴܵУգۼһֻ¹ˣҶǰôצΪ¹ƶǣڵѪ
㡭
ҶĿɿڴû뵽ǾȻְ취ۿŻ̵ĳӺѪģĳڣŴ̱ǵѪζ˭θڳԶ
ۿײʲôϢҶҲǿƣָһЩ
㻹˵㣡
ҶЭˣǼЦһſĽƵ⣬һԴãԵ͡
ˣԴӱ߷ӡ֮кҲûгԹһʳٴƷʳζ
Ա֮Ҷ˸ɽתˣ˳ָһԪ
˸ǿȵսҶҲЩԲǾޱȣžĻֲ
ˣ֮ǰʥ̥ڵĶźսʱԾˣ˿̱Ҫ˹˲С




1217 ¥ǿ
Ҷǲ뾡뿪֮ǰսһѶŶѣڽ϶иǿʿ뵽׷ɱԼĴ֮С
׿¥Ҳ˵ݵӰǷǳֲģֻҪǷų϶в
һЩ٣߾ûôˡ
״ֹۣ֮ǰܵȻأһֱûʱ侲ˣҲˡ
ѣֻܾͽҸεĳ˹ˡ
Աİǣ֪ĸ˯ȥˣҲ˴ҹոճ廹ЩӦ
ʱѾȫԭˣһս
ȻܲҶǲ붯ֵģΪ֪սǿθ˶ѣΣջں档
Щǿʥ̥ڣ¥ҺҵһҲûг֡
һҺ¥ҵõϢԿ϶һǲǿɱԼ
´˿Ѿڸ·ˣҶҵ飬ɽǶûϡ
ȻǲûгЩģҶԾɷǳɡ
ո̵ĵطʱͱ׷ˣЩô֪ģ
Ҫ˵ײģҲţ϶˽͸¶˳ȥܹй¶Ψаһ
뵽֮ǰԼӴײоҶԿ϶й¶Լٵľǰǡ
ֻһӲúܣϣҲֻûޣ˭Ҳռˡ
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Ҷŵ׼ƹɽߵʱ򣬰ͻȻѹϰԵĺһʵ
û£ȥŪԵ
ҶһǵĶ߯˰ɣԼѾŪ˾Ȼ
Ųţ
ǼЦһ׼Ҷһ䣬ͻȻӦһǿϢڿٱƽʱһ񣬺ٺٻЦ߲ˣ׷ɱˣ
Ҷһ
ѾǿڿٱƽϢжϣӦʥ̥۷ͨǿߡ
û뵽¥Ϊ˸¥±ͨǿ߶ˣǲһۣһǿ߲òֵĹز
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ҶСӣҿ㻹Ķӣ
˵¥ӴƮƮնٶ֮죬զࡣ
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ţҶҲӲԼˣԶҶ衣
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¥УҶϵ⣬׸
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ƥ㲻űҶѣͬ磬ɱ
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Ķ֣Ҫ䲻⣬ֲԸֽž͸ˡ
ҶҲ֪¥ӲͨԼҲκβϾ˫ʵ̫ˡ
Сӣ٣㲻һϣûУеϣģҪԼպòУ
ҶʶΪ
ţʲô˼һսʤͨǿߣҶԼš
ǿɱﵣ⣬㲻ǻпͬʱȼԪֶ𣿶ͬʱȼգսᷭڵʵٴηĻδûһƴ֮
϶Ҷĵˣڲõ۱£ȼԪҶĿǰ̣򲻵ѵ£á
ΪȼԪ˵ҲǷǳ˺˵ɱһǧ˰١
ڼҲˣ۱ıֶΣͷã֪¥᲻׷
٣СӣøüϷôãʲôûСϷķۡ
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ֻһǾǽҶɱܾ͸ˡ

¥ӵĻشҶ¥ʶļı
ͬʱҲףĿǰƣֻƴһѣܹ¥ӻˣϣֻܶõ۱¥ӻɱˡ

¥ӴһӣеĻԪ˲ȼγһֻҶץСӣ־ܰɣӲϷĵģ
ô
ҶһһԪ˲ȼγһԪɵס
ҶԺкһҲȼɫͷ˲Ѫɫ˫ͫʱ˰ɫֲ
һ˲䣬ҶϢǣܹʥ̥۷ǿ߿ĸоɱһ㣡
СӾȻһ֣̫˼ˣ
ӵԶİǿҶı仯ʱĿɿڴҧԼͷ
ǻէ֣
Ҷ˫ֳǹһһš˾һתݺݵִȥ
߱ǹǹеļ¾ÿһжĪ֮
һ̣ҶϲޱȴУһǹ֮⣬
ǹȻһ壬Ҳ޷ֱ˴ˣһ̣ҶӾǷƷ׵ǹ졣
һƵϢĳǹϣϵţ·ǹϳһСһ㣡
Σʱ̣ҶȼԪ֮Ǳȫս쭵һ˼ĳ̶ȣ
꣡
һ죬ҶķƷ׵ǹڻϣתǹͷһ㣬˲˻֣ݺݵ¥ӵʺȥ
ಫľһȻ˭ռȻϣչֱֻܻնɱ
ԭ¥ռȻģʵ̫ǿˡ
ȻΪʵҶǿ̫ˣЩУΪԼͨҶֵ
û뵽ҶȻһ˲ǿֿ£ȻԾԪ۷壬Ϣȴʥ̥۷壬Խһ󾳽磬û뵽ġ
Ȼֱƣ¥һҲûоſٱУһȭ׵ǹǹȥ
ţԼһȭܽҶˣ
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Ҷǹ¥ӵȭͷɲǼײһ𣬷һװ
Ҷһ𣬻ڱˣ˵ɶѪ˿
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Ҷ״Ѹ롣
٣ϷһʱĵΪϷģ
ܿ죬¥ӻҶһǹ̺ĲͬӦһЦһһ׷ȥ




1218 ǿ
¥֮ǰһȭ֮У̺ӡǣԽϢ׷١
׷ٵͬʱ¥Ҳеľ
ôҲû뵽Ҷƴ¾Ȼܹ˿ֲս
ңܸоҶǳ죬ȻֽȻͬղŲ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵Ļǽĳ衪һͨǿߣȻһԪСʿ˵ˣɵҧ˴ô
ҶȻ֪ԼѾ¥ӡǣ˿ķС
ҶܴûѡУԼٶǱС
зеĿ̫ˣǧ֮ûκһ¥ӷӦֱӾ
Сӣ㣬û׷ôʲô
ں׷ԹҶ̫ܵˣȴһҲҶ١
ٶȣڴеԱҶ죬Ͳˡ
ǣˣһ׷ϣһˣҲк³
Ҷ԰ѥʵǷ͸ˣû취˦һٶһҲȲ
ΪԸⰡ㻹ǷһѪأŪֱĲݣ
һ׷һߺҶ죬ͷܸǧҲû£
ҪҵѪ
Ҷͻ̫ȱˣ㺦Ȼš
в֪Ǳ˶ҶǰȻʣȻһɽ¡
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ЩֻʣһЩ֦ɣһƬҶҲûС
طеаŰ
Ҷصİɽһ˿ĹâСҶ˵ҿﲻʲôƵأǻƵ߰ɣ
Ҷ׼ӦͻȻһ޵оޱȣȴ̺֮ԣ϶ʿӡ
ѭоҶԼɽϾȻһƬƵ¥ƺԺ֮Ľ
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лǰԮ֣
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Сӣɣ
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ˣ澭ĵطʯͷյ̮ɼЩ¶жôֲ
ԪлԪس棬ܶʿʥ̥۷壬Ԫصʱ򶼻ѡԪأҲǻʹȻ
ŵɽˣͻͨʱҲǻԪء
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ڹҶʱӴҲһ٣յðϴʹѡ
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ʱ򣬲¥ͻȻһϵݵڴ˳ִ򶷣




1219 
ǲϵͼӴһ㣬꣬¥Ӷооȵļ
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ΪֲѾﵽ߾磬СӰ˵ģӰɣ
϶һֱ¶ߵΪߣΪ֣˿̵Ƕ֣߶۱ûá
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СӲģ
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𾪵ǣԼҶϵӡʧˣѾ޷׼ȷİյҶ٣𾪡
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˵Ҳ˵ʲôˣޣӿ϶ҪȥԻɱҶУκ˶ܴ͡
ȥԣڻУڼҺúȹһʵȥİɣСûôױɱġ
Ҷƺǳ˽ӣһӣֻ֮ҪṩҶ׼ȷϢȡǧļƷʯ׽Ļʯ
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Ҫ֪ҶϢͺˣǧļƷʯ㹻ʥ̥۷ˣ
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ļٵģô˵ֻԪΪôܿԽһ󾳽ɱʥ̥ڵǿأ
һʱ䣬еĳǳеľж̸Ļ⣬Ҷˡ
֮УҶӮңʥصʥӺӶ̫ү飬ʲôҲûš
ǵˣӻҶЮ׷ɱ·ţջԼ٣㱻
ҶǽٻɱҺ¥ҼǿߣλƤӵ´ߣһ
Щս֮ͨڣܿ㴫ڼ֪һ˺ˡ
Ȼ¼ҲԪݵɣ齫Ϣȥġ
ͬʱҲ˳µسΪ˾۱ĸݸı
һУҶ֪顣
Ҷһ·УߵֱָӸ׹룬Ϊֻܹ֤ȫ
ֱʱ֣ҶԼһڲͬɽ߸
ɽһƬУΨɽϴݲʯͷɫģ·Ϲ⣬·һ㡣
Ӧþ׹ɣ
ɽҶһ




1220 ׹ս
׹룬Ҳ˳֮Ϊɽ
ĵʹʿľѱ֮
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1223 ս 
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ƺһ˿ӦеΣ۾һҶĹ

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еñʧǱȻĹɣӵ޵ĿֲȻҲҪܷӳʵ

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Ҷoһ㣬ǧؽ״ȥҪӡ

һУڷһȭٻɢˣͬʱҶȥ˶̬ͬҪٵֻɱ
үȵģ̬ˣ˭˭ˣô˵ң
ᣬ⵽˳֮꣬òҽ




1224 ս 
ԭӶʮּɵٺԻȥˣٵһٽҶɱ
һҶĸǿٵٴҶһֲĻҶ϶޷ֵ
Ȼ
ʵȴҶӵĸֲӲͨٶѣҶף׷Ϊɫ
ףֲ̺֮ҶӲǶܡ
ôҵĸֲοȥģ
δӽҶ͸ܵҶ̺ŵĿֲ֮о֣˵æ׹Ӵܡ
ӣˣ
Ҷһֿٵͬʱ׷ɱӡ
˵뿪ðһѣٵٵķΧ
ͨ
һٵķΧǱ㵹ڵϣֻצӳøһбɫ۾вɫ绡
Ҷ˾ٶԼ˺һ·׷ɱӣκٶȱҪһЩǵû׷ϣǾԽԽ
Ҷûзһֱ׷ӳ׹룡
ţ
֪˶ãҶͣ˽Ų
ԤеԼҪˣٽ֮ǰϻ׹룬һȱ˷֣Լ㵽׹Ͳˡ
һӺҶص׹룬ٳʧ˾һ鱻ս˵̿һޱȡ

Ҷһȣ߶ڴ֮ˣϵƤ׷䣬¶ɢŹͭɫƤȥ⽡׳
Ҷȴûκ¡ļ⣬ÿһƤ¶̺ſֲ
ڸǾӨ͸ֳϽɫâŻԪϢ
ʮѨÿһѨжԪӿÿת
СӣԽԽСˣţǮһ˿ĹâЦŵ٩
ûǵĵ٩Ҷӿռȡһ·ϣȻߵ׹ɽۣӶɽٵķȥ
ҪǷƽȹ٣ǱĻǾˡ
Ӹ£Ҷһʯͷϥӡ
ʱҲһ·ͷڣɫ԰ףǲѪ
һĻҶףˣӦòȻս
һ£޷ȥӻɱ෴ȥĻӶʥƥС
ƺ֪һ㣬׹ſˣĿıãҶͶ
ȥǰ취
Ҷüͷ˼
ɽţԼóȻɽĻȻ⵽ĽɱʼҲǸ취
ⲫӲԼĶ֣һʥĻԼΣˣǶõ۱ɱ
򲻵ѵ£Ҷ붯õ۱
Ϊǻĵ۱
ǣ㲻ǻ̻ٿ̻һǺ뿪ˣҲԲŹģ
Ҷ԰Ķٿ̻һ뿪
Ϊ̻ƺܼ򵥣Ҫģֻһ֮ǰõˣûвô̻
Ƿۣһ׳յӶҶ˵
⡭
ҶһȻսƷ٣һҲûС
û޷̻ƣûдû취Ϣ뿪һᡣ
Ȼ޷뿪ֻܾʵȡӻɱ㲻ܻɱҲҪ뿪ʱΣ
ۿ޷̻뿪Ҷ֪Ϊ֮ƣõ۱Ļֻܾʵȡ¥ҡҺ˸ϵ֮ǰ׹롣
ϣ֮ƣֻʵһ·ˣʥ̥ȫʥ̥һЩǲһЩ
ҶϵѾԪļ۷壬ʥ̥ˡ
ܽž򵽴ԲսһʵѣȻǳʺϸĽ򣬲͸ģҲҪԵڣ㲢ûжʱ˷ѣһɹĻֻܶõ۱ǰΧȫɱпӳ졣
飬ȶԣʥ̥ʥ̥׳ɹʥ̥Ԫһˮ룬ﵽʥ̥֮ԪתΪʥʵ
ãҾʥ̥ʥ̥
ҶϵĽ鲻ıϣѡʥ̥
Ͼʵ̫ˣ
ʱҴҪץһʱŬԼʵΨͻӵķ
ֻҪ뿪ʱƾԾɣ̫ˣҲҵõ
뵽ҶŰʱһصĵطڣ֮غãһڵռ֮С
ռһ糣ϱ˫վڲԶЦеĿȴһ仰Ҳ˵
Ҷ֪Լѡ
ʥ̥һǳҪḶ́Խ֮·ҪӰ죡
ҶĽԼ֪ﶼ˸飬Ƚű˴֮ӡ
롢ˡꡢͻѡ
˺ܾãûκһġ
ʥ̥ʿһҶ뽫ͣҪԼĶһ޶ʥ̥
ҲԱͻʨ֮ʥ̥ĻȻʱܷӳǿȴԺ
ʥ̥Ҷ뵽˻֮ǰͼһ䣬һ嶼ԼͼڣǳҲǷޡ
ΪʲôҪЩֻԼ
һ̣Ҷ¶ˣ
ʲôǱԼϤģ
ҶϤԼÿһ缡Ѫ⡣
Ϊʥ̥ʥ̥ңҼʥ̥޷ֱ˴ˣҲҪκļܣԼ㹻ˣ
Ҷ־ᶨΪʥ̥Ⱥӣ
Ϊ˵۶ûΪʥ̥ģ


1225 ʥ̥
ÿʿǷ壬ЩҲ⡣
Ψڷʥ̥еĵ·˼ʵһɾͲ
Ȼʥ̥Ҳһ쳣յḶ́һпܹţ
Խǿʥ̥ԽѣҲǺ֪ܶͨʿѡһЩ̫ǿ˵˳ʥ̥ԭ
Ȼǿ󣬵ʱҲһЩΣΣա
貵ʷУܹʷºۼǿߣǶʥ̥һǼǿġ
ݴ˵̫ʱλ۵ʥ̥һѵµıλնգʧС
ǲ²⣬λǳˣգɽ硣
Ͼûɻ˵λ۽һδ֪ҲزҲпܡ
ʷ̫ƾˣϹ֮ϻйţй֮ϻ̫ţ̫֮ϻкģ羿뿪꣬˭Ҳ˵
ȴΪʥ̥ģҶ˾پһð֮ã˭Ҳ֪ʥ̥ʲôη
ռУҶһһ㣬һʯϣûκα仯
ʱĺйԼ̬Ҫʥ̥Ҫһ󣬰еʥ̥ܲڳƫ
һеţʥ̥ʱΪǣΪҪԼһǿʥ̥
λеŵ뷨쿪뽫ǿĲֽԼһǿʥ̥
Ȼ̰ã뼯ǿĲ֣ŪһĲȴ֪ÿһﶼȱݵġ
գҪʥ̥̫ǿˣԼ޷ܣʥ̥δ;ͱˡ
ҲΪ˾˵һѷ̲ģ粻֮ͽΪԼԼǿĲ֣һʥ̥
ʱǰʿҲˣԻǲҪøԶĺá
Ψн̤ʵزһǿߵľ磬λžǵİ
ŹգҶʶйճһСԼϸ΢ȫһάƬһ
Ҷվйʥ̥еļأΪյеԪ
һḶ́Ȼоķʵʩȴǳѡ
ҶԶͬʿǿȻҲ˺üʱųеԪճɹ壬һСһ㣬ҫ۵Ĺâ
Ԫ̫ǿˣյʱҲһʿķѵʱʣһʥ̥Ҳͨʿǿ
ܻջҶǿʵȱ˶༸ĸָһԳܵġ
~
ɵһ̣ҶһЦһͱʿͬʿһʥ̥ͿˣʮѨжԪҲζҪʮʥ̥ɲġ
һʥ̥ˣҪʮʥ̥붼˾ͷƤ顣
ʹҡҡͷҶĵͷ׿еᵤʥֻ̥Ҫʥ̥۳ɹ˾֮ʥ̥ˡ
һ׼ͣҶϢһʯóʯΧһԪ󣬷ֹԪй
Ǻ˶డ
ŴЩ׷ɱʿеʯҶпЩ˸ôʯĻ治óȻʥ̥
һ׼Ҫʥ̥ˡ
Ҷǳ
ΪǿһȺӣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
ҶڣȻѡ˾ҪᶨʵʩȥԼѡ񲻻
ھԪ룬ҶʯŨԪûԴԴϵΪṩ衣
ܿ죬ҶУ˿ĵ·һƬĿռ䣬һСһĹԪ븡ɢҫϼ⡣
ʥ̥ʱʼˣҶΪΪʼһԪ

ռвŴҶڲ꡵ĶԼʥ̥
ʿ֪ʥ̥ɵ˲ɡ
Ϊһʥ̥ȽҺ̬Ԫʥ̥״ȻٽжʹĥûȽԪճɹ֮ٶʥ̥ġ
ʥ̥һ޴ĺôʥ̥̣
ʶһǶţҶǲԼĶʲôƫЩƫҲԼʱ
ʱһȥҶѾռаˣʥ̥ĶϳˣѾһ˿Ҷ
⻹ԶԶΣûʥ̥֮ʥΪһĹ̡
ŵдų͵ʥ̥Ҷ΢죬ʱѾ̫ˣҪϸÿһ˿ë
ʱҶҲˣΪʲôԹҲûΪʥ̥ˡѣΪʱ޷ܡ
˿̣˴ڴĴ֮⣬Ҷ˾һ㣬Ϣȫû˿й
ɶѵʯѾвٱ˷ʯ̺Ԫ
ڲԶĬĬĿһУû赲Ҳûָ㣬ȫƾҶԼȥʵʩ
ʵϣȻ֪ʶԨϾֻ飬˽Ⲣ̫ϸʥ̥Ҳ᲻ʲôԵԱ죬ƾҶԼӡ
ͬʱȴżˣѹͲ֪ҶȥҶͲˣĸоҲӦκҶϢ
һʼΪҶӵķӳȥˣȻӶɽµȴֲ
ҶʵҪ˵ϢͻӵķԶݶȥҲš
׹ȴôҲӦҶϢðиƣôҲ벻Ҷȥ
ѵȥ
뵽һֿܣǶʱһ
׹Ĳλһ޴ӣףΣա
ҶԽӡ

ʲôСӶ㵽׹룿
ҶռбչصͬʱҲӵӴϢҶ㵽޷׹롣
ûн£Ҳ޷׹ϽɱҶ٣䡣
Ϣٴ𶯣
Ϊݵһ壬Һʱܹ裿
˶û뵽ҶȻ㵽׹ϣһӼʵҶǿ󣬵ҲֻܺҶɱǶ֡
ǴŽǰȥһҪɱ
ŭٴɳǿ߽ɱҶ˵ЩЯ
νָ󣬵ȴʹô޵һһ𽫳ױϣҲ޷޸
Ĺܺܶ࣬еǹǿ󣬾ѪħһеǷߣɵԽʹһ󾳽Ĺ
һЩԵ٣һЩɱ׹ĻжҲ췣ף˵ֽ
ֻҪĽǱ׹Ļж١
һ£ʮǿߣЯŽƺƵ׹ɱȥ
ͬʱ¥ҲõϢͬǲʥ̥۷ͨǿ߼뵽ҵӪС
Ҷ
Ϣ𶯣˶жϡ




1226 תΪ
Һ¥ٴɳǿЯΧҶ𶯡
һУҶ֪顣
ҶΣУԼʥ̥ɹһҵǿ߸Ƕõ۱򲻿뿪
Һ¥ٴɳǿߵͬʱҶȻ׹ʥ̥ʥ̥
ʥ̥³֮ҶٶҪϸ֤ʥ̥ӺԼָ߶һ£
ʱһȥҶеʥ̥ҲȻϼ䣬ԾɿԿı弸һģûκβ
ΨһĲֻҪˣʥ̥ǳɹʥ̥ȫԪתΪʥ
Ȼͱ˲ͬ
ֹһԪ
ȻԪתΪʥ̥ѨеԪнܵӰ죬һЩ仯ûгתΪʥ
㾦
ʥ̥Ҳһ۾ѵһ㣬ҲҪһ㡣
ҶϢʱſʼ֣עʥ̥˫ۣ̻۾
ˣ
һӺҶ֣ʥ̥˫â͸ƤԻ棬
һ̣Ҷʥ̥ʥ̥ͣ쳣Լı壬ϼ䣬o
ʮѨеԪͬʱֹͣתһʥȫһ
Ƭ֮Ҷȵط֣ԼʮѨУԪʧˣȡ֮һεӰʣС
̬ӦԼʥ̥ͶӰɡ
Ȼı仯
ҶĪʿʥ̥ʱһЩı仯ģı仯û˵
ʱռѾȥ˶ʮ죬Ҷûм߳ȥǼռУʣʯȫ̸ոͻƵľ硣
ոͻʥ̥绹ȹ̣Ҫʱȹ̾硣
ȻҲ֪ʱˣ뾡ͻΧȥҡ¥ҵԮ׹鷳ˡ
һ죬Ҷڲϵʯ̸ոͻƵʥ̥
ʱУҲûţҶõǿصʯƬһȻûܼףȴһС͵Ļļס
õļ׵һ̣ҶǳжȻǿ˵ͬսһԾѹ֣
ȻԶţƾ͵Ȼ޴ˣҪǿķԼС
黤ļʯƬɣǳ֣֮ȻżҲԱˡ
һʱҶ߳ռ䣬׹ϣȻϢؽ
Ȼռд˽һ֮ãʵ治Ź첻ѡ
Сӣȥˡ
ǵһʱӦҶϢβ֮гź档
ҪϸʣҶϵ̫ˣܱܹĸ֪
ȻĻո˵һʻȥˣΪͻٴν档
ң%#
ĶˣÿһҶɽٶٲ˽棬
ǼһûйʲôԪ
һԱʱٶһҶʵ
ûС
ҶҲ൱ƣԼδκʥôԵ޹ʵľͽ٣
䣡
ٵķΧ˷ԲʮҶڵΪǿÿһٶˮͰϸ̺ſֲĻ
Сӣʥ̥٣Ŀ飬รɣ
һ䣬ͬʱиеһοҶԼˡ
ܹʷºۼǿߣһĴڣ
ͻʥ̥ʱҪٵĿ顣
Ҷ޷٣Ǿֻ˵ʻĵ·δܹʸ̤롣
Ҷͻʥ̥٣˵˿Щϣڵ·ӵһϯ֮ء
׹£Һ¥ҵڶЯոɱ׼׹룬Ҷɱȴûϵ顣
׹ǧ׽٣ǸͲҹֻµȺ
СɣûԼ棿
ʲôǸյ٣
һԪ϶ѣ֪Я˽Ʋˣ±ץ꣬ʴ˲ð췣ⲻ֪Ѱ·
ҶԶԼ٣Һ¥ҵǿ۷׷ס
Ǳɣ֮гŲмǸо·Ҷһˡ
ߣΪɻң㻹ʣʬҲҪңɫ
һеţȻȴҶнӶĳԱܹܣ
ңҶɱɱӵĳˣޣ֮ܽУܱ
˵ͻȻƤһȻҶȻЮſֲԼڵĵطɫ˲䡣
⡭
Щǰ׼ɱҶҺ¥ҵĸǶʱɵˣǴŽûɽܹ׹϶٣ɲܵѾ١
ǲҪɱˣ
ҶһߵһҺ¥˳ȥ֮ǰǿ࣬һʼǽɫĽף׹ϼӲɫʯͷˡ
ɣ٣Сѵɣ
Ǽʶ㣬һӾͿҶ˿̾ܵľȻǴ˵е٣ʱЩɵۡ

Һ¥ҵǿǿҶЮŽɫǳʱˣѾ
Ǻһֽɫ棬Լ٣ɽ٣ֱӱɷɻңǿɲա
ЩոջڴʴʵҺ¥ҵǿ߱Ҷ׷ɱӣɥ֮Ȯһ㣬±汻ɽ١
ϧﵽʥ̥ҶʵѾһʵķԾٶһҲתۼм˱档

ɫ׵ֿܵģЩδٵʿͿסٵգۼ㱻˷ɻңڷ

һ¥ǿ߱Ҷ׷ϣһֱָӶüġ
һ̣Ҷoһ㣬ɫٸκβԱȴġ
Һް
һ̡
һҵͨǿ߷
飡飡飡
ҶһȭֱӴ򱬣ɻҽʬ޴棬


1227 ӳ
ڶзǳһ֣
һ˵ֻͨͻƵʱŻή٣һ˶Ԫصĸ
ȻҶһԼپȻ٣⼫亱˵޽С
۰Сܻ𣿡
ԶҶ٣ҿҲԶ롣
ԼʵǳûҶıӻ޷л
ҾʱദҶƴ۵ľȹðǶЩÿǷҶ
˵⽫Ҷй¶ȥĻҶҲԲڻŪֵز
ҶıĻҲЩΡ
ˣ͵ɣ
Ҳ֪Щʲô߶һ֮󣬼Ҷ׷ȥ֪Ҷٲ̫ãڣҺ¥ԾЩ˻
һʧЩ˱ȻɱһǹʱҶĴΣˡ
ӣӲˣ
Ҷ֪׷˶ûãֻҪܹش㹻ˣܽӻɱĻǾ͸ˡ
һαǾԺˡ
Ҷţɽǰ·ͷȻֱһа취ģ
һԲٶ˼ޣӣ̶̼㱻٣Բٰˡ
οܸоһΣҶټֲϣпܻɥڴˡ
ԶҺ¥ҵļǿƴֿԼ٣Ȼһ»ͬʱҲԼ٣ޱңʱп
еҶֱ޵Сû˸ðŴԼٵΣտҪ˵ˡ
׷ɱ뿪ǧ֮ҶڽٴٵķΧ֮ڣɹٴαɽ١
쵰
Ķˣ̶̰α٣޵
ʵȻҶǿȴ޷Ҷһ磬սҪȫԸĶԿٲС
ʱҶҲоԼٵԽԽǿˣֻͣרĶɽ١
ٷǳֲҶ˽ɫס̫ľ׵ֲ٣ֻʣһִˡ
ٵĽεݼӵģ׵ԶȽɫ׺̫ľ׸ǿҲҪרӦԲС
䣡
һ޴䣬µȻҶǿҲƤ⿪ǸѪ˿
µҶЩľͬʱһҲҵת֮޸ơ
䣡
䣡
󣬴ײϽ䣬ҶҶһһش
ϵôָ֮ơ
ÿһƻָ֮оԼøǿˡ
ȥĻҵ׼һˣÿһζɽٶҪ߹⡣
Ҷһ߶ԿһаĥϣܹŪһܿסıס
ֱ׳˵֮⣬ֻʥػϴڲſУҪŪһס
ͻȻȥҲͻأԭǧ׽٣˵ʧȻʧˡ
Ҷӿռȡһ·ٴϣʱҺ¥ҵļǿѾ˲٣ʣҲڿ֣ӱֻʱˡ
СӣŸʲôӰɣ
ǼҶûߣæѣԼѾ򱱷ȥΪĿǰֻбûٵ
ǵĻҶҲ̷ӦȻѾ¶˵رԲ˾Ǿ뿪Ϊϲߡ
ʱǻڶɽУ׷ߵĺûᣬһǵٽѾͲôˡ
ಣ
ಣ
һ̣ӵ˺޵עУһһǼʧڱ
ʵ̫ˣһݶĿࡣ
죬ҶͰӳ˼;оһЩЩԭס˵Ծݣǻû߳ݵķΧ
ҶаԾһݾôôж
½һĻĸֱǱ򡢶ƶ֮½ָж
Ҷ;ΣûдƵĻ֮ϵԳΪһˡ
ϵ˵ûдƣͨ˸ܴһһҲڵ֮ϲѡ
ʿ϶ҪɵҲҪʮϲпܺɡ
Ǵ򵽱򣬼ǿʿҲҪмӲпܵԴƲԵøҪ
ڴƵĳ֣ø֮ǵͨ;
Ҷߺ󲻾ãڶɹԼ٣ޱȣ˺ۣ罹̿һڡ
ҶҲɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ٽŭƣ˿Ҷߵķ׷ȥ
ӵһֱ׷ǧҶӰӶûֻεͣ
٣ڸô죿
һͨǿ߾Ȼͦ٣ûбʱʵ
֪ͨ棬˽˵طԲˣңܻҵģҾͲ֣
ɫܵˮ˫ȼŷŭĻ档
ӶʧûܽҶɱʧ˼ǿߣҵĵҲЩܲôʧ
һգٴ𶯣ҵľɱҶĴ˵Ҫƴ۵׷ɱҶˡ
һԪСʿոݾͽ޾ķ粨ʿе˼顣
ͬʱܶʿΣڹϴŭңΪҵĳͲ
Ҳкܶʿ˼ܽҶܣ׸ңܹõʯı꣬ܽ˺Ҵùϵ
ҶĴԽȻʥ̥ɹʥ̥ǿҵΣС
ѹͬףԽսҲж֣һͬеţδؿսʤҪ˵ͨǿˡ
һգ¥˺ܾãմЭ飬ǲʮʥ̥۷ǿѰҲɱҶ
ͬʱǻһЩСźͼ壬ҶķԲȫγһ޴ֹҶ͵͵Ƭ
ݣǿ߼뵽ѰɱҶĴ֮С
һʱ䣬ƶ¡
ǸҶСʿڽˣ
ʵ̫ᱻҵҵɱ
ϧһţܹɱҺ¥ôǿߣҲֵˡ
Ҳ̫Եˣ˭֪¥ҵǵ£ŮѪħҶɱֱΪ
꣬С㣬¥ҵ֪Ͳˣ
ʲôвݣǳǣ¥ҵֻ첻ô
˵Ƕ֪ҶһûκαСʿ¥ȻԿⲻʲô
ٺ٣Һ¥ǱΪһԣȴǸСʿųԱ񣬸һЩǿߣѹסˡ
򴦴ƵۣʵҺ¥ҲðֻǲԸ¶ѣʵ϶Ҷͬ߾Ӷࡣ
ЩԶ뵽ΧҶĴеʿǺ¥ҹϵУѬģҪҶȡ޶ʯ
֮⣬Һ¥ЧǼһЩСˣڷԲ￪ʼѰҶټ




1228 ֻϢ
µҶͰһЩ̡
Ҷֻĸо
ڣͰɽжȹģ˲޺Ұ޵Ĺ
ͷųԼϢŽЩ֪Ұ޾ˣһЩ鷳
߳ɽҶԶԶر㿴ʶѾ˰ʱ֣ͨ˸ˡ
࣡
ԶĴ̣ŵдĵζǵĶ̲ס
ЩҲż῾ЩҰζ֮⣬ǼǳʳģȻǱǳģƷʳζ֮Щ⣬ôζ
ȥٷ԰ɣˣҶ顣
ðɣ
ҶͷӦҲһ·ôãҺ¥ûʲô
һһǿԶĴȥתۼ㵽˴ӱԵ
ҶŴһ£һСĴӡ
׼ȷ˵ӦկӣΪկǽկţܹҲʮ˼ңİ˶ѡ
ʲôˣ
Ҷկſڵʱ洫һʡ
·ģڴ˽һ֪𣿡Ҷǳ
˵϶ռģǲǣ
կеƺҶĻһҲʡ
Ҷ൱Լôʲôռˣռʲô˶֪
үģǲٷѣĥĥֱӺţ
ͼˣ˿ֻ뱥һʳȻ˯һû뵽˾Ȼܲɣʱˡ
ԭҶǰկӵ·ϱҪ˵ֻţѲկжһЩͨˣʿҲ۷ѣûдﵽԪ
ǸûнĶϣ˿̼կеͨ˾ұŲɣﻹܰס

կŵ˿һ׹Ȼ˵ˣʱŵòᣬһ
ҲˣΪʱǵβ̵ϸߣͨȫͬȻΪǹˡ
ҡ
Ǹƣһα˽гɹûӣֲĸһͨһʶֻ쵽ɶ񣿱Ǻòã
ҶЦ첻µز£ԵڻȱƤӸ͸ˣϳԿȴ˸ƿ˼ڣϾˡ
ЦҧŲҶ
ţţ
Ҷһ߿Цһ߻شðҧҲǲҧҲǣ޵ֱĥ
һ澹ȻûˣʱҶͰٱŸǳԶˡ
㣬ֱӴȥˣ˿ʲôɵ˰ɣԹҶýţƾǵʵŶ׾١
㻹˵֮ǰ㲻Ҫ˵϶ŵ˼ˣ˼ҲŲϸǿŵģëϡ
ҶȻܱڹԼûҪ͵ܱ¶вء
οһֱãʿ۸ͨһܿɳܵ顣

͵ҶͰִݵʱկͻȻˣһȺִеĴ˳
ǿǺҶ֮һ⾫ʡ
ʱҶҲ˲ϸǶˣԼΪ׵һ׳˵һ£˵Լĳ
ҵĳأ
Ҷ˵ԼĳǲˣϷһ䣬֪˼κ˵ĳ
ҶС磬ʿɣܸоϿֲĲ
կкһƬС㳡λ׳ĺҶʵ
ǵģ
ҶͷϣûҲˣԷҲʿܹӦϢ
ڴﵽεȾˣ׳۾һ׷ʵ
Դ磬ǲʲô鷳ˣҶʵ
ڽկӵʱ֪׳ĺӽգկΪߵģѾﵽ۷壬ɾҺϣ޷д

̾˿һӻƺҵйһկ鷳Ҷг
ԭկӽԼկһǳͨկӣկдͨˣԲҩͷΪ˵կˡ
ȻǰկһŮʱ򱻳Ƕ춰ˣʱڹ컯֮½ǿˡ
ߵʱ»˵ˣҷҪ壬ӵɱȮ
ѹָղŵĴΪռأ춰ʲôͷ˲񣿡
Ҷ˫һ˿ɱһ̵ģ컯֮£аŮֱǴ˵صһ鶾
һ߶֪ȫ춰оѿռҾǴ˵صһԣ֪жټͥΪǶɢ
ˣѾûҪٻˣõĹޣ
Ҷδ嶯ı󶯲иİգҪ˽һռҾһʲôĻɫ
˰һǳأǣ춰ռҵĵϵˣͶң˸ǣٲȻʵۡ
շߺ޵˵ӣ۲ɵĲҩǷţնᵽȥȡƷ
ȻռаУǿǿºܶӵѣȴŭԡ
аŮռ˵Ǽҳ㷹ռûһö
ӲӲĴɽһʿԸһʶοЩͨˣֻ׸
ҲѪԵĺӣƵû취ˣƴҲҪԼϡ
ֻϧǿʿǰͽ͵ģֻӿǵѣǿʿκ˺
ң
֣ҶüͷһɱŨ
ռҵʵΣ
Ҷһʵռ˵оۣռҺȾɱҲҪС
Ͼ֮С
ռ˵Ѿﵽʥ̥ڣֻûԪˣܶ궼ûǰ¶ˡ
վʵش𣬲Ҳ;˵ϢѣʵҲ
ҶС磬Էˣ
Ҷ⿴ȥʱÿһкȥԷ
õģϵ
Ҷվһһ˼ȥһ߼š
һͨũСԺͰʯͷԺһЩݣһϻƹ
ʱϻƹԼɪɪֵؿŰǡ
߽СԺҶǵѾͷİɣһҧΪ㱨𡭡
ҶΪƣʲôʱôˣ
ɲķ
߽䣬ֻһֻȫأԵ͡
ǰԶվһʮСѾͤͤˣɢഺϢֻ˫Щƺܵ˾޴Ĵһ㡣
Ƕͽ̣Ĺ
˫۷죬ȭͷ߬ùǽڱ죬ɼжôķŭ
㱨
Ҷ̾˿˵
ʱΪǳһҲǸֻһϢ




1229 
ͨ
Ҷ˵Ǿ仰ͬʱһ߰Скһӹǰ۵ͯ˵磬һҪΪҽ㱨𰡣ǰˣڸ˵ˡ
СкͯҶЩ£ûɵ˵ϵռҽܡ
İɣ˵һΪ㱨ġҶḧСкͷ˵
˶ˣÿȳԷɣʱһ긾Ů˳ǸмؿҶ
æ
ҶĿŮһۣƺ͸һ㣬˫Ŀâһ߳ڵƹԵøѤ
⡭
긾Ů֪ҶڸʲôҲҴϣͶȥĿ⡣
ʾ԰꣬ΪҲ֪ҶڸʲôȴܹоҶûж⡣
Ƭ̣ҶеʧָСкʵСһʲô֣
ҽԸֵʵСϻԸֵʵĻش
ֵȥһȥøɾʢڵϣ𣿡
Ҷ仰ͷԣǶ֪ͣҪʲô顣
ϣҪͬ⣬ǰҵƤɣֵԼĸ׿ȥҶܾþˣϧң°ᡣ
ҶС磬ҪҶѯʵʵڲҶҪСӵʲôá
긾ŮҲҶҵģûʲôֵǮĶҲۣǳԷļʲ汻ﻹôãǲɾӦ
β
Ҷԭίպ긾Ů˵ֵĽĿǰ״ϱ£Ǿ˼ɵģ⿪ĽȻҪҲҪҩָܾ
ҶС磬㶮ҽմϲһץסҶ֣ٵʵ
ǲҶҪȷһ£ԴӾǼ֮һֱ跹˼Ҳսݣȥ֮ǣ
Ҳ·ͷҪǶҽŹ֣
ʱ򣬰ǺĴҶһ·ûҶʩչʲôҽֻһλƶβѹͲҶβ
ǵĻһպ긾Ůոȼϣˡ
ԸҶҽģǺȻҶǸϤ˵ҶǴţòвõԤС
ұ죬ҵıûĶأ
Ҷ˰һۣϧ߸ͲһףһƦ࣬Ҳûм
ȥɣմĻȥ
գŮе긾ŮҽҶøֵȥһˮ
ڼ䣬Ҷǽ͵ֵĲĲĲҩҽҩͨµϣЧ죬ܹʱָ
ͯˮͨϵҩҲøֵġ
ҶĽͣ긾ŮƶǶȻһƺҲе
ȴ۾һҶͯ״̬ķ֪Ҷ϶ҽǲǴ˵϶ƭӡ
˵ˣҲûҪЦ
ܿ죬ֵһͯű˽гһͯζ
Ҷ˿Ϊ⣬йâһһҩŨҩζԵϢѹȥˣð۲ѡ
ҩȻѾˣΪУ̰ıԲġ
һεǺܸҶӣûеᡣ
ΪҲ֪ҶŮβõģʵЩԲ˼ҡ
Ҷһ˲һɫĻ棬˲佫ҩˣ似ֶζʱĽѡ
ʵⲻʥ߷ʥѣֻҶʥ̥֮ԻųֳɫĹâ

ҶҲǳγԣаܹɣΪֵҩ󣬿˵ǳͨ
ҩܿ컯Ϊ˻ҽȴһξ˳ҶĵתţɢŨҩ㡣
һӺҶͯСĵеһξȥ
Ŀ֮£ͯһϸߣϵһξϣð˿˿
һͯʧ֮Ҷ͵ش߶һ»ƣҩζ˲һҩˣĹš
ȻǴ˵е
ӲԼϣһʼ֪ҶҪʲôû뵽ĳɹˣԼֱ񼣡
۸ȵģûˣôʲôᰡ
ҶĽҩˣһĲţҪ֪һż˭תġ
ˮͷ
Ҷ䣬긾ŮϽһˮһ£Щ̣Ͻһص˼£һߵһߴš
Ҷ΢΢һЦô鷳Һˣ
˵ţҶӹ⣬һвˮһһգȻһˮע»ص
ôһ£ԭЩ̵Ĳˮ¶ˡ
ҶҩֵĸףϾιҩֻԼʣǶԷһŮ
˵ҽ߸ĸģñӵʱҪӵġ
ȸֵĸ׽ҩι֮ҶǰȥһŮͷٻѨϣһ
ڱûʲôر𣬲һЩѣĶȴĺĳһ㣬ӵ
ҶһȣŮԭ˫۽ĿҲ˽㡣

վԼǰĸ׵ʱ̲סһѽĸױסʹʧ
ˣ֪޾ûˣްɣ޹ˣҲͿˡҶ˵
лллˣ
Ůĸԣһ߰ŮᣬһʹҶлзŮҪ¹ͷ
֮ͣؿ
ҶҡҡͷȻ߳䣬˳ŽҲ˳
治˼ڻŶӣ絽ҼҳԵ㶫Щһ롣
á
ҶѾʱյ룬Ҳûоܾ
Ҷ˺ܶй飬ʹҺԪü⡣
ҶϸΪս⣬ԳֽĲҺԪǸٽ㡣
ԭҶֱӰﵽԪҶȴû
˵İȻԿٵʵȴվԼĸԺпܻ⣬Ҷ뺦
һյջǳһֱĵҹŸ˯ȥ
Դ壬ˣռˣկأϾʹˣ
ڶ죬ɫʱҶһ½կȥ
С˽ɨƽկӣȮ
ûҼٿĸҲˣ˽г
ûկſڣҶŵռү˱ȴǽȥ
̫ˡ
Ҽ㣬þǱߵģ㻹ã
ƺϳеĳˣʱؽе
ϣⲻǱ˵Ĵ˸治˼ûǰʱҵǰֵܲСĸˣ㻹ûãٸһǻ
Ҷߵկſڵʱÿһ׳һЦضһʮ߰Ц
㡭㻹
۾˲ˣһߵĴУŭţһ׳ȥ
ôǿһ㣡
׳һɱһƾͽɳȥ

ҽһɵȥݣѪģвѪĭ
쵰
Ҷ˲ŭˣ׳Ԫڶѣ˲񣬼ֱ˵¥µĶūһޡ
ס֣
Ҷһȣһسɴ磬˲׳ǰ
ৣ
һ̡
Ҷ˵˳־һơ
ž

׳Ҷ鷭ڵأ


1230 
û°ɣ
һƳ鷭׳ҶҲһۣ߹ȥһ֮ڣеʵ
ðûãΪ㱨𡭡
ƺˣֱҶšۡһһ߿һ߲ϵ
ĿͽҶǳ֣˲ɣ
ʲôΪ߱𣡡
ҶĶ̫ˣֱ˿̣ЩūǲŷӦʱһԼҶ
ǲйˣû˸Ƕ֣۸ˣƾǵҶʵΪԼֵܱưոݣ
ҶС磬Сģ
ЩͨĴǿɲ֪Ҷһǿʿ߰ūִҶȥɵþѡ
޷
Ҷ΢΢һЦһȭ߰˼ȥԭͭɫȭͷ˲Ͻɫȭâ㡣
꣡꣡
һ죬߰˼Ҷһȭ촷ۣ׵еūҽһյɳȥ߰ԶһӱըˣѪĽ
˻
һĻЩūʱõһ
֪ߵˡ
ǰò˾Ȼһֲʿֲս˵ǣ¾ҲĶ֡
ӣ
ѾҶֶ˵ƽʱ۸һͨ˻УǸǿʿʱˣһУɢ
ӣô
Ҷһһ磬˲׷һˡ

˰ֿٰ˺üҶǰκûá
꣡
ҶһָԳ촷ۣϽɫָâһ赲˵üģ֡
̶̰ӣЩūȫҶɱ˵һҶ֮⣬ȫüһָ
ֻʣ±Ҷ鷭ڵϵūûѾױɵˣҵزţ۾г޾Ŀ־塣
ûôҵĳǷڱϣΪʤһȥģöôֲ
ڷԼһϣ׽Żˣ
һɴδйĿ־壬ģ
ҪɱңҪɱң
ҶһԼǰūױˣſҶ¿ͷ絷⣬ϵġ
֪գαص
ҶøĻɫϻֱ̽ɹ˱ѴĸһʶȡԼҪϢȻһָϵΪ
ԳΪñ𣡡
ҶֽйԶɱūΪñ
Ҫɱ
һ״ħһ˵Ƕūϣȭߣ˺ҧһǻŭȫйϡ
֪ˣҰɡˡ
ǶūΪϣͨûʲôֱҶסѨܣֻܲϵزҽġ
ҵկĹŵòҳţΨаǾӵĴ˳
ǿһصʬ壬عҲܾûдɱˣúܡ
ֵʱ򣬱żЩ֣ҪԵĸǿ߲𣿡
Ҷ˰һ£׼ռһʱʲô츳֪ܲȻܹߣȻ̫һǿİ֡
ֻһ̫ˣ͵ȱڻñǲġ
⵹ҲǣЩС㻹治ñ֣Сǰ;㣡
ҶôһǶپãֱ𣬴צҶļͷģһ߶͵ӡ

ҶһͷߣָɫͿȾͲܸɫ
ӺǶūҽеԽԽСֱһ㶯ûˣԾڲϵĿ޽ų֡
ֹסͣʱǶūѪѶ
ˣϢһˣ
Ҷͨҽ¶Ĵ̼СôȥпԷ޴ı䣬ⲻԸ⿴ġ

ҶһָĻ˯Ѩϣʱڵϣֱ˯˹ȥ
˿д񶼳ˣҶԸѾм׳ȥռҶūһԶԶˡ
ҶС磬û°ɣ
Ҷյ㵹һ߲޵ĵǰʵ
û£̫ˣҲ̫ˣ˯һͺˡҶҡҡͷ
ǾͺãˣͻؼȥúϢһ˽걳ؼȥ
ҶС磬ɱռҵˣǿ϶ưոݵģǸô죿߹ĵسҶѯʵ
կΪǿľҲ۷ѣûдﵽԪһռҵǰǽկӵѣܲǡ
İɣҲģҾȥռҴţǾжǿ󣡡
ҶպдһŶ裬ռǰɱռȥֱռŶկӵİȫͬʱҲǸֻϢ
죬ҶһֱסկУһ߸һϤʥ̥á
ͬʱҶðǵկм·ǼռҵĶūǰóֱ֣ӻżɡ
Ȼ
ǸûҶġռÿɳ˶ɱڰϣЩϵĶҲսƷ
ҶŰǳǰȥռҵĻ
ҶС磬ǧҪСİ
Ҷٳʱ򣬴ĴǼˡ
Ҷȥغկӵɵǲġ
лл͸·õģ٣
ʱȺ߳һССİ֪ǳԵĻǮ
ҶƣѾǼµӰ߳һЩΨĽỹûн⿪Ҫʱ䣬ҶҽҲû취
ĲãʿǲҪЩģǵˣЩǱҸҪ
Ҷĺ⣬ʿЩͨ˿ǳĶͲҪ
㲻ҪҪ
Ҷܾʱ򣬰ͻȻܳһڵ˰Ƿȥ
ǣһ
ҶðŪøûӣҲٺʹǵˣֱ׷ȥ
ǣôҪ˼ҵĶ˵ˣЩҲòŰ
ʮ⣬Ҷ׷˰ǣ˰ѵ
СӶʲôΪãûСƺˣóʱ
дʣ˵ĸôһӶˣֻ۷̹⡣

Ҷһ߹ȥεؽ⣬֮Ҳᵢ̫ʱ䣬Ȱ֮󣬸ЩЩƷȥҲǱ⼸д֮顣
һٶ·̶ҶͰٶ˵롪һӣҶ㿴ƫԶСǡǡ
ռҵĴӪ




1231 Ǳռ
ͳĴǳȣԵøСɣȸСȫһиߴĳǽͻǺӡ
ΧŨգ߲ĳǽ̦ܺǧʷͬһֲɣĸо
סǧ˵ˣһǿʿҲ㣬รɣ
Ҷ֪ǵѱӣûн֮ǰαװһٱ¶˵ܣʿ޻ɱɲܣ
ðɣ죬߶û꣬㲻ҶӷˡҶһ䣬漴ԼסѨ鷳
Ϊãһʿϣпܻᱻ޷ΪС룬ֻίһԼ
ڸ֣ڶŸζʳζҲжĳζһ
ҶԷѨİ߽һ·ռڵλȥ
ԼկĴҲﷷҩĺţ󣬶һԵռڵλȻϤҶʱѾϸ
໨·İǳĿĽ㣬֮˶ָָ㡣
ǲΪܷΪ٣˶ͷ­̧ĸ߸ߵģһĸּįӡ
ڰҶֻװûаڣôͰ⼫Ʒˣ
ھǺҲѾˣҶֻǿΧͨ˵ĳЦۣŰǿٴڴСС
һֵҶطضΣռĵضкܶ⣬׬Ǯе
ңĵشռҾȻһռﵽĶľ޴ۡߴĽ̻Ի͡
ʣЩǰͨ˵ѪѻɵģռҲһС壬Ȼǳһʵۡ
ҶûóȻ£ռҵĸۡתһȦȿȻռҿһҿջס
Ҫ֮ȥռңռ澿ﵽʲô̶ȣǿԵĻֱӻУȻʰЩȺ֮
˶֮ҶϸԼǲóȥԼķʥְ̥أȴڡ
ʥ̥ʿһҪɱ䣬ʥ̥֮󣬲ԪתΪʥһкܶδ֪ı仯ÿһʿı仯ͬ
ͨϵҶ֣Լʥ̥ͱ˵ʥ̥Ȼͬκʥ̥ʥ̥һЩͨ֡
ʥ̥ȴûκʥ̥ΨһҶеοǣʥ̥ƺǿԲϳɳġ
һ˵κ̬ʥ̥ɹһ̣ʥ̥ԾͲᷢκα仯ˡ
ʿʵܹӳʥ̥Ҳǿʥ̥ǲٳɳġ
Ҷ֣Լıʥ̥ƺܹԼһɳڱǿͬʱʥ̥Ҳڲϵıǿµ֡
ʱķǳ죬գۼˣȴɷǳ֣ˮ
ҶЦһκγǳضһģǰҹĳЩԾʱ򡪡ҹǵϲһϲ
ԼУҶԾܹһЩ̻֮صĹū˵
ͻȻҶһƺ˵Լʱ䣬ϸ
˵ļˣеǿ߱ǸҶʮӶ
Ȼ˵ˣǸҶҲ˵ãȻܹôǿߵΧ£ϧϮɱԷҺ¥ʧء
ǸҶĺҪͷˣҺ¥ֳʮǿĸ֣ҪնɱƬ򡣡
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ѾⷽԲڷˣܽܳҶӲȥġ
˵ΪڷԲķΧѰһٵʿȴ뻹ѡ
ƺҪˣȻһ˵ĻȴҶŭһ
˵ռ֮ʱԽԽ񣬱ǰӱ䱾£ʵٵָʾġͨҶϣжϳҶһĵˣַʽҶ
ӣ
Ҷŭֹ˫ߺһ㣬˸ĺâаݣռֻǿʼǽ
һֱҹΧھֻһЩ֪ĳڵᳪ
ҶƿϢط˳ȥ֪ؽռҸۡ
ʶ̽ռҸһ룬ʱռиֺԱķֲԺֳ
ռһŴĻԺ֣ЩΪߣСطһһԺѾ㹻ˡ
ռҵĴ٣ǸбһŰ۾£һŮͷСµĶš
ΪˣҶȻ֪ʲô
ţ
ͻȻҶüͷһ
һ۵ĵطһǿϢӦʥ̥۷壬ƺͨء
ռҵ棡
ҶǿϢ϶ռҵ档
Ҷֲ̽طóۣռʥ̥ǿ߾ˣԪʮˣһЩͨˣûκв
ȻʮİռңҶûϾҵΧ֮ڣܹϢռá
ʱԼһ֮˭Ҳỳɵϣ¶ˣҲ۵ĵԼկĴ
ҶгֵͬʱͻȻ췱ǱڸǣХţƺҪˡ
ûᣡ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿īҹգ֣




1232 ɱǵˣ
ΪǵʵۣռƫԶСоһ졣
ȻռҸۡڵλҲõĵطΪŨĵطǳʺʿ
û˸ռҰռҵķǿʵȴ©ٳҲҶڸۡϿһȦҲûκ˷ˡ
ХķһЩϸ΢ڸˣҶϢϢشϻ
涵Ӱ̨ͤ¥ӳҶܿӽռҵ¥ҲǷΪܵĵط
ҶոһӰα㿴ѲҹĻԺ߹
Ҷʶɨ˲۷ѣͬΪ
̼С椵ζ治ֽˮֶ࣬Ҳöǻݺһϧ̫ˣһξˣźȥһ
˵̬˼һʮòãëû룬ûأҲµȥ֣
죬Ҳ˵ңҲòĶȥô̬ҲרŮģŮͨԣϴδӺμŪǸͯҲ˰ɣ
˭Ҳ˵˭ˣүȥԼկ˵ﲻˮСҲϸƤͯǿ˳̼ˡ
һ̸ۻ಻Ļһ߼Ц߹ҶԽԽˡ
Ҷüͷ˲ռҵūŶѣ˶УռүָΣ
ûд𰸣Ҷţռү϶ūŷµĶи࣡

ռū߽Ҷֱ֣ӽһɱͬʱһ˵ʶ
˵ʶУҶһĻĻ˷ָУֱӽˡ
գҶɵҵԼҪϢ֮ɱ
һУҶͣȥɱռĶū
һӺҶռѲҹĶūͻԺȫɱûһ˿Ϣ
ڻɱЩ֮ǰҶһȫɨʶжУһɱ
Ҷԭ˼ֻɱ׶ûжл߱ƣѹƵִһ档
Ȼ
գûһռҵ˼ֱͷŵŧ񹲷ߡټռң˻ǻԺȫۣûһ˵ĵǸɾģ
ֵˣ
ҶɱռҵĶū֮һֻһգ춰ڵķȥ
ţ
ʱ
ҶͻȻӦһɲԼϢ߸ϹʱһܿȻˡ
ΪϢ̫Ϥˣǰǣ֮ǰʱûдǹΪһ²ƣļƻ
û뵽Լ߸ոտʼǾˣ뽫ϻȥǲˡ
Сӣ͵ôҲң
ǺܿҵеҶ
Ҳ͵ģɱ˷ŻģʲôҶ
̫ˣɱˣĻҳû١
ǼЦһǷͷж㸺Ҹǵıˣ죡
ಣ
˵꣬ҶӦʧӰ١
ҶĿɿڴǣԼȥȥժӣ̴治
ĿǰҲûκΰ취ð»Ҫģڰ̵ܹٺôǾͿԼˡ
ҶҪռҲΪԼկĴǱǰγŶΪ˸ֻһЩϢռҵı⡣
ռ壬Ȼ󣬵ЩռңռҵıؿɾȫԼ
Ȼ
񣬰Ǻһӣֻܷձļƻðȥʵʩ취ӰһЩ
Ҷã⼸ǲܵġһ̫ˣҪƭʯͱԲһ׵飡
Ҷ˼ҵռү춰ķ䣬ֱŶ롣

һذ¶Ů˵һԣǻĶ˫ֽҪλ
ʲôˣ
춰һӴ·ŭĿɨҶ
ɱˣ
ҶӦһָһָâ콣һ㣬ֱӽ춰üĶݶһ
Ϯ
ʲôˣôո
˰үɱˣ
Ҷߵ֣Ū˺ܴĶһӽռҳ˯ġȫˣǷ׷״ӷдܳ춰ڵⶰ¥
һʱ䣬ռһƬң
ҶȻ壬ɨŮҲһָ㵹ʱ˹ȥ
η󱲣ȻռҰ
Ҷ߳䣬˲㱻һȺռҵǿΧм䣬һ뷢԰׵һɭʵ
ϣʲôֱ£겻֪ˣ
ûҵռףҪɱʲôˣҪۣ
ռڶǿɱڣͲҶԱŵĻᣬ׼ֱӻɱ
£ռ˷׷׳֣ԵҶ
ৣ
ڶǿߵΧҶ˿壬âһƵ׵ǹС

׵ǹ֣Ҷһʹǻէ֡ǹûһƬǹӰһǹâϼһ㣬߰ռǿ档
ͣͣ
ǹâ£һ㣬κηֱӽ߰ռҵʥ̥ʿüĶ
Щһҽжûз㱻ҶɱѪɡ
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ʣռʿ״̲סһҶĿⲻɱڣǳſ־壡
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
ռҵһʥ̥ڵ̫ϳһ࣬һ棬ռұʧ߰Ԫ۷ǿߣڲռ˵ֱǲɳܵʧ
ɱǵˣ
ҶӦֱռ̣


1233 Ѫϴռ 
ռǸٹ̣ѾӪ꣬ԴͶ֮󣬸Ǻ޼ɣ
ΪţǱʵҲôռôаŮǿǿɥҲû˸վ
ڽռһ̫ͷ϶ˣϢؽǿɵĻԺȫˡ
ңռҵĵϵ춰ҲУ
ˣռ˸ϵԭΪΧԺܿ콫߻Уû뵽һ㱻ɱ߰ˡ
ʱռҵһ̫ϳʶ߷ǳǿ󣬺пĳϴڵĴˡ
ռҾűӳưͿҲٶˡ
ѯҶ벻ǣҶȻĻش𣬶ʱŭ
СӣΪռô۸𣿼Ȼ㲻Ը˵ǾͲ˵ˣ
ռҵ̫ϳ׹һֱһһݺҶȥ
ںڵ˸ź⣬ڽ쵶ƾ죡
̫ϳϳ֣Сˣ
û̫ϳʥ̥ڵǿߣնϲѴ֮
ҵռףɱ̫ˣӦýץѻǣֿ֮ٽ
ռҵһ̫ϳϳ֣׷׹룬ΪҶɣΪѾҶʥ̥ڣողʥ̥ѡ
֮С磬λ߶λߣʵϾѹԵġҶܵסռ̫ϳϵĹ
Ȼ
ܿ죬ǵ۱Ȼֹ
ǵעУҶг׵ǹһһǹռ̫ϳϵƵԵ񱩵֮ۻʥֱӽռҳϵƴˣúˡ
һĻЩռ˷·߬סӵѼһֻܷĿ
⡭ôܣ
սôôǿ󣿣
ռһŵؿҶӿޱߵĿ־壬龪
һ̣ΪԼ˻þ
޷ţֻʥ̥ڵҶһʥ̥ڵռ̫ϳϡ
ǹ
Ȼռһ뷢԰ףƵߣԾؿҶеķ׵ǹƺ뵽ʲô⡭ǷƷ׵ǹҶ
ʲʲôȻҶ
ȥأһҪס
Ҷַ·ħһһռףȥչе棬ͬʱʥ̥ռ̫ϳһӽҶΧм䣬ٴС
Ϊҵĸ壬ȻҲҶ飬¥ҵһͨǿ߶ɱˣɵǲضԴ
ҹѪϴռңҪ֣͹ҵ߹
Ҷӿޱɱ⣬˵ƶȻǡ
£ҶзƷ׵ǹһһ㣬â˸䣬һǹɨ
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һ׵ǹֳƬƬۣǹͷһкɨ˻ģӿʥֱӽһͬʥ̥ǿء

Ҷһʥ̥ڵǿߵ屻ˣһĲҽС
һϣһҪסֻҪأˣ
ոͻƵʥ̥ѣôôǿս
ҲһͬƶԿǰˣ
˵һԣսܲģֻԶҡź޹

Ҷһ޾壬һ˶սʥ̥ڵʥ̥ڵǿߣû˿⣬߱ǹʩչ˼£ͬʱҲת
ڷƷ׵ǹļӳ£˿˿֮ǹϣӳֲĹһѹԼ绹ҪһСǿߡ
ԣҶ֪ҪսپˣȥһռأԼĴǳ
ǹâ£Ҷʥ̥ڵкı嶯һ£ۻʥͨ߱ǹӳֲޱߡ
꣡
ǹâһһռҵ̫ϳüĳһѪɢ׹ȥ
ţҶɱ䣬߱ǹƵ֮ļӳɣƵʣµռ̫ϳϲòȼʥӦԣ
ҶȴԽԽ˳֣ĵƺΪһ壬ÿһγֶȻ֮
⡭
ʣµ˴ʧɫҶǰȴһ־ˮ£ۻĸоǵĹ䲻Ҷϣ˵˺ˡ
ɱ
Ҷž𶯣ʨӺķʽȳһ֣ǹâǼ䣬ٴ˽һռ̫ϳϵ
ͬʱһռҵ̫ϳϲҽһͷӸ߿һͷȥҶ꣬ҲԶˡ

գۼɱˣʣµ˳ױˣҶֱһħսʤ
ֲҷͷߣ±Ҷƣһֵܵһ󣬷ɡ
棬ذɣռҾͲˣ
˿̣̾ڱչصռˣֻҪռأǻзΪʤĻᣬռҽ׳Ϊȥ

·Ӧǵһռҵһ۵СдһŭռҵĽܶûΪͨ˱棬ڷ
ƥӣ
ʱǱĴһ߷ߵ
ѵҪռҲɣ
һ֮ռ沢û̳֣ǷһʵĽ漴˳š
ô£Ϊʲôûгأʲô£
ʣµЩռ̫ϳɵˣ֪ʲô£ռѾĹͷˣΪλ֣
СӣҰһУôлң
ɻѵʱ򣬰𣬷ɵҶԶµ
ô£
ҶҲɶĽͷԡ
Եõشҳǵעʱ򣬽ǵıˣ׼ʱͻȻӦһбұ͵͵˹ȥ
ͨǵĽҶΪʲô˵ԼһС
ԭһԼռҵ˽ֵʱҵռҵı⣬ռҵıˡ
˵˱֮ԭҿȻȴӦ˲ԶһС͵ı⣬Ķ󱦿еĸ
հ̰ıԣȻϷŹ
һëҲҶԭ򣬰ǸС͵ıȥѾСͱţȻչصռ档
ʱռڳصĽҪͷԲܱκ˴ţһʥ̱߻ħΪ٣ɷˣ
ƫƫ͸ڹϣǴ˽
ʲôԣ
ֳɵıˣͲаǣ
ԣǱϳ֣ռһצֱӵռʥң߻ħŲŭһ
ϡˣ
ռ˿ҶͰǣгž




1234 Ѫϴռ 
ռǵһǿߣǶ꣬춨ռβƵĵλ
ռûл֣ȻȴұˡۿҪɹͨˣȴһֻǸˣյ߻ħ

ռ˾;ͬʱҶȴǿЦãû뵽ײذԼһæռͻƵ֮ͨأҶΣˣ
ɵò
Ҷ΢΢һЦʣµռ̫ϳϿȥ
⣡
ռҽʣ̫ϳоӱ˴˵ж˾
ˣһľ֮С
æסǣҪˡ
ҶüͷһѾع⣬һռҵ̫ϳߣҲͳױ¶ˣҺ¥ʮǿߺܿͻϹģʱԼתŲĿռСˡ
İɣӲˣǵıзһռĴ죬ҵĸĶ˭ҲӲ
˵ţһſڣӿзɳ˸ӣӭ籩ǣ˰˸˴졣
ǽ˸˴ռҴԺİ˸ȥÿһ˴춼ڿУʧռұһ
˸˴ʮһԵ˽Ҳȥ
ƴˣ
ռҵһ뷢԰׵̫ϳŭһ֪ǲˣơ
ƥ·
Ҷһһǹ̳
Ҷ⿴ͨͨһǹȴ԰ȭȭ¡ķ߶
ɱ
ռҲ֪޷ˣҪҶɱľǣһȫԸʥ̥ԻҶš
ǹꪡһҶкͼΧκԵķҶǹԾȡ
飡
ԴˣҶֳǹ᳤磬ȭһȭȹԼһˣͬʱüâһֱ֮һ˵üĶһָͷѪѪԽһ
ͬʱҶһʹʥ̥ΣһһģһϽɫԻսһ㣬˫ۿϼâ˸罣âһ㡣
⡭
ʥ̥ôܣ
Ҷʥ̥ȻεģЩ˳ˣȣߣǺʵģԼʿʥ̥ʱ뵽ľǿޣޣʥޣǹ϶ǿ絶ǹӡȡ
ȻΪʥ̥ʿǴδ˵
Ĵڣ
ҶϽɫսһӰռҵ˱ˡ

Ҷһȣ׵ǹַɳһһ㣬ֱӽ뷢԰׵ռ̫ϳ϶ˣǿ֮ƻ

߷һ춯صĲҽУҲҶһǹˡ
ǿʥ̥Ҳֻʥ̥ҶǹȴǷƵ׵ǹķƷ
ߺų޽ӽ۵ıķƷȻҲռСʥ̥ܱġ
ħǸħ
ռҵѾȫˣŴ̫ϳΧҶŹȥ೤ʱ䣿ͱҶնɱˣʣµҲǿ֧ŶѣѾǳˣѾû
Ҷмһڵ˵ռ̫ϳϣһץסǹһ𣬽顣
ħ
ǾΪǿģ겢ûбҶնʥ̥ߡ
˿̣ѾףռұѾûˣ
ӣô
ҶüٴηɳɫСߵһնˡ
꽣ר꣬ûıǷǳģסҶ깥
ˡˣ
ʣµռ̫ϳϳ׾ˡ
ҶȻʥ̥ڵľ磬չֳսȴֱʥ̥۷塣
ǸеǣսڣǵʥЩˣҶȴʥɻǿԲϳ
ǵɣ
Ҷһǹһ˴ȥɱֱĿˣ߶ܡ
ҸƴˣҲҪ汳
֪ռ̫ϳϺȴ˶ҶĿ־壬ѡԱʥ̥ҲҪҶصĴۡ
ߣ
Ҷһ׵ǹ漴ˣⱻʥ̥Աʱ򲨼
꣡
׵ǹֱӶռ̫ϳϵ࣬ˣ˵ʥ̥ҲըѪͲ֫Ĵɽ漫ҡ
֪ҲѡԱʥ̥ǰлķʽҶм䣬ͼҶ޿ӣΪȡȥĻᡣ
䣡
䣡
죬ռ̫ϳϵʥ̥ըˡ
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ǿıըռҶݻˣƬ߲棬ͨڷʿҲбġ
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ڱըҶȴسδռǰ
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ΪôǿıըҶɣ
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Ϊˣ϶ҶϿ϶зԵرʲôʱӡ
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ЩûκΪͨˣֻҪۣҲһá
ʵϣռһǧˣҶɱò࣬ܶͨ˶λʥ̥ǿԱ֮¡
ˣҶֵͣһ̣ռѾûмˡ
ûκζУҶĹռˣҲ̱ڵϡ
ռҸۡһʬˣѪѪζ̱ǣ˼
Сӣ㿴ҷʲô
Ҷ׼Ѱ©֮ʱͻȻһУæӹȥ
һ֮£ҶȻһɽ·ҵһڡ
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ҲоĶֻǲ֪ʲô֪ǽҪӭʲôˡ
ȫų
ҶѾɱ޿ɱٴδɱ䡣
ΪóЩ޹ŮǱռġ
ͬҶжϵһЩŮǴӸ°ģֻӣԲűһյĵطܾĥ
ЩܲˣŪ֮㱻¥ǱĥˣҴߡ
ڿʼˣԻؼҺͼžˡ
Ҷðջ˵صĴ죬ȻñŮȥ
Ҷ뿪ռҴӪɱռˡ
ǣռҵ⺭˸ҵ׬Ǯҵķ¥
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һ
һҹҶ󣬵һδɱ䡣
һҹ۾ǵռұ׳Ϊʷ




1235 زū
һҹǵϴƣһԴ·䣬ռҵĸ־һʱĽ
һҹҶ֪Լɱ˶ˣɫ΢ʱϢػصջС
ʱǲ
˵ռҵ󣬲δҶȥɱռˣǻ˯һ
˵һյҹ
Ҷܺǽ
Ϊûзְпռ
ѯ֮Ҷ֪֮ܶжԿ̻ռƣγһӴĿռ䡣
ЩɽҪԭֻҪ˿ռƣԲڿ̻ʹ֮ɿռ
ǵĶ϶ĳֿռ˵װһ⣬ǰռҸۡװȥпܡ
ϵĽͣҶĿɿڴ
ͻĹŴ˵еɽһ
ɽǴ˵һɽһֲӣǳ΢СټɽװôС棬ǿռƵˡ
ҲҪŪһռˣ֪Щ֮Ҷ°
㲻ռʲôռܱȾڵռ󣿡
֪Ҷ뷨֮û˵۵׼ռչһµģϧûгɹ򣬻оһռ䡣

Ҷԣٴɵۡ
ؿһ磬ǬҪͨ
ϸ룬ҲȫûܣռɽˮȫΨȱǳҲûֲ˵һҲΪ
ֻҲ̫С˵㣡ҶСһ䡣
㶮ʲôܵش㣿Ҫ֪һǿĶ֣ԷռдսŽռҲˣ֮ǰڴˡ
ϱϾǾڵ飬˭˵ڵκβãҶҲУԽѵһ١
Ҷȴ仰˲ͬѰĶ
еУܹʸ۶ֵģҲӦǸ׼۰ɣ
ܹʹۼսűֵʵƿֲǾһʲôǿߣ
ƾҶô׻Ҳ¶ϢˣһֱųĬƺʲôõĻ䡣
ҶҲˣϢ֮󣬱Ű߳˿ջ
ҿջռҿģϰ嶼ûˣյġ
֮Ҷ˺ܶβƥ֮ƷӶˣȻŰȻǶȥ
ͬʱҳһ࣡
ռұţƵⶼֵģһѹûȥռΪλᱻţǺ˸ɵģ
صԼկҶԼɹĴƷȫѻկмС㳡ϣմһ˰Ұķַȥ
Ҷû˵еκ飬Ϊ֪ҾԲưոݣ֪ԽԽױڡ
еĴͨˣֻ

կһƬյϣҶ˵
ʯ֮⣬Ķ˵Сǻش൱ˬ졣
һﾫ۽ëǿյģһҶһ̬Ĳǻˣǽ֪϶û¡
ҶĿǰȱٵʲô
϶Դ
ոնռҵı⣬Ū˲ٵʯһڱ㽫·ˡ

Ҷû뵽˽ƻģչȥǸʲôϵô˵Ҳǹѹģ׵ǹߵʱҲ˵ˣҳɳ㲻˰ɣ
ռұϢ϶סҳ֪ģò׼
Լʵõ;
ʵҪʯ
ʶ㷴ʾá
Щʯð͵ģŪߡ
һزūһ㶫۵ҪҲҪʯʵ
ڼʶӵ˵ʵ֪֮Լʵ㣬ҪһԿĿ϶
ҾͲԺûõҵʱ򡣡Ҷ̼
˭ҪǺǡˣɧꡭǷ˸ۣȫһס

Ҷ
ȻûпɹʯҶòİ취ˡ
Ȼˣʯȴ٣еļʯ󣬲Ҳ͵ĿҺʥεذռš
ʯԴҲһʥǷǿĸȻǿرأܻýȥ
һʱ䣬Ҷû⣬ʯǿ⡣
ͱĹͬ޳ɾ֮ͲԪĳ
Ҷһ޵׶һٶԪգ³ű塣
ڸûʯˣ֮ǰʥ̥͹̾ʱһӽԼĿĸɸɾ
ţ
뵽սƷҶǰһûʯûϵսƷ˾ʯˡ
ҳһ㣬϶ûעȥһˣԼòŵĶ任ʯ
뵽ҶɣٴθϵǣȻԤϣѾˣСļæΪպͷռټҵƤ˴֮仹
ҵĵطаľ۱ׯľݵûܵκβճӪҵ
Ҷׯûжٽֱ˾۱ڴ˵صľݵ㣬ó͸ԼһΣǸ˼æؽ뵽á
㿴ЩֵʯҶˡ
Ҷ˵ţռóϡﻩؽĶȫ󲿷ֶһЩͲֵǮĲϡ
ЩЩǴռǿѹģԴõ֮ûв鿴
С
Ǹ˵һޱ䡣
ʱ䲻̣ǵĸ·ǿ߶˽⣬ǵ
ҶóĶϤģ
Щռˣ
ռҵŲҰǰ˸ɵģ
𾪹аһҶĿӾη




1236 Ϣ
еרĵظҶóĶۡ
Ϊһǳصľݵ㸺ˣҪı۹⣬˵۹;鶼ܿ͹˼۸
Ͱļ۸ߣֱӸʯҶһҲϻֱӽЩˡ
Եȣȥȡʯ
˽Ȼת뿪ȥȡʯ
ٶȺܿ죬ܿȥ֮󣬵ݸҶһռĿˣʯ飡
Ҷɨһ£ĿȷһЩͷ˵鷳ˣʺã˵Ҷһġ
ȻҶ
Ǹ۾һһһƣҶֵ
ҶԣҲûѣȶԷĻ
ҶֵܣҽƺзԸݵ㣬޳ΪṩһЩϢƺ˵
ŶʲôϢ
ҶһȻ⽻ģϢԺҪ
Ϣ
ƺ˵һϢǣ¥ҺԱ֮󣬾㣬һʱҲ٣Ա㼯ǿ׼ɣű
Ǹ
Ҷһվ˫ɱ⡣
֪ɻѾãȻһͨɽ򣬵Բ¥ҵĶ֡
ĻԼţҲͯ糿ǣ
Ҷֵܣ԰꣬Ϣ˵Ҳ٣
ƺҶ˵ڶϢǣ۱ɣҲ˵Ǿ۱ĸţҲһˡ
˵ҶӦƺ˵ģ֪¥ҺҪɣǰɵ۱Χ֮ڣԱŵ¥ҺҴɵͷ
ԭ
Ҷһ˾Ȼгû֮ӣϾȫɣҪ¥ҺҪá
Ȼһڲɫر㽫˾۱Χ֮ڣܾܡ
Ϣأ
֪ʱȫˣҶûӵر£Ǽʵ
ϢغĿǰİΣˣ
ƺóһƤֽݸҶҺ¥Ҹ֣ҪɱⷽԲ֮ڣǵϣ㿴ɣ
ҶӹɨһּۣصĻϸÿһǿߵسΪ磬似ɱж档
٣ǻң
Ҷ˫ɭĹâƺգ漴ƺ˵лл㣬ЩϢ˵Ҫ
ÿһˣ𣿡ƺգ۾ЦҶ˵
һˡ
Ҷʱƺ˼ɳΪ˾۱ĸԼҲǾ۱ˡ
Ȼ
Һ¥ѾɱۣҲûþ۱ɽҶҴ⡣
ǸҶַͨԼǾ۱ˣҺ¥Ҳпܻ˽ɱ

ƺ֮Ҷֱӳˣֻ˰һԼҪչأһƬɽпٳһչصĶȻԼ档
кǿΣУ¥ҺɳĶǿߣΪʥ̥ڡ
Щǿ߶֮ǰţʥ̥ڵʱԿһʥ̥ڣսˡ
֮⣬ƺﻹõһϢռҵסģҺ¥ҵʮ֪㲻֪ģҲȻһǿ߹鿴
һʱ䣬Ҷһֱڱչأ˴ʯһսƷģһƺṩġ
ƺ˵齻顣
Ժգ飬Ȼҵ
ɽ֮УҶ˾һغ¯һ㣬Ѫʢֱʥһӿȡ
ǵУϽɫʥһƬɫ󣬾ξǧɣˮϴ
֮⣬֮ƣһɫػĵ
ʮѨеԪʧˣȡ֮һõӰмӰѾʵˣվ߷ˡ
òȴԼһ޶
϶֪ôɵģȴֱ֪仯ûлЩѨеС˶Ȼʱʲôãػᷢӳǿõġ
ǼʵӰҶʱ䣬˴ʯģʥ̥ĹһģֻǸ˳ûгκΣպͱʡ
ĵʯҶҲѨеӰѣЩӰ̬־Ϊı䣬һʼʲôӰľʲôʵ塣
ѨֱᡢϸͻǣѨǼҪģ˵ڵ
Ҷڹżп˽ȫΪҲǴ֬ĵطµҲͨ˵ĵѨ
ؿϸѨе֮࣬ڣΪҪ
üѨǵ֮Ϊϵ̨ڣ֮ŻΪؼ
֮ûѨΪ֮
ϣᣬʥ
ֱܹѨС˳ɹ벻ı仯
ԴˣҲǳڴ




1237 ʮ
˵漣һԶɲıء
νʵָʿرķأӵֳԽ˵
֮䣬صϵԪؼΪº͵
ʿԪֹᴿγԪʥӵǿһӳֲ˼ĹЧ
ҶȻʵѨеΣȴĵһʯľѣ
ȥԼ֮ͨҪʯǽһֲ֣
˶ʯνʥغ͵ҲҪľ
Ȼĵʯ࣬ЧҲǷǳԵġ
֮ͬ£Ҷһѹ̬սʤ֣û˿ԱԼһСҲնɱ
ʵѨеӰҶоԼʵ˲ٵʥ̥ڻһңԶľҪߡ
Ͼոͻʥ̥ڲãǵǿ˵ٶҲô졣
ȻвٵʯҶȴûмʵȥҪսԼʱĳɹ
ǿߵ·ǴģûκһǿǵƾܴﵽҪҵսµɳΪһǿߡ
Ҷһ̣巢һЩ˼ı仯ᡢϸǣѨиԳһʢѪ
Ѫ᳤磬ֱ
ѪʲôѪȻʢ
ֲ̫ˣѪ˵жʢ
ʿһĻ澰𾪵ŴͣŵҶչصķȥ
ôǿ߱չأȥ
ͬʱ֮⣬һθߴʿ˫ɫĹâ磬Ҷչصķȥ
ʿҵʮ֮һռұŵڴҵĶ
֮߸һ׹жϣ˱ҶɣþɸѰҲɱҶ
ҲõϢ߸ϹĻ
ѾƬĵطѰ죬һҶӰӶû
һѪôʢУҵùȥҪѪ
ԼկеİҲҶεѪɹ̫һµѾҶչصķȥ
Ҷ֪Ѿ˶ˣڽ˱չ֮һȭյĶţ˳
ƬǳһЩĹʯɽ֮Щɽǹͺͺģʯͷ֮⣬ֻڱһЩ̦޺ľûСһɳ
Լկ˵ԭһʯ󣬲֪ʲôԭˡ
󣬾𽥱ӣԵøưܡ
֮ҶûмŻԼկҲٻȥˣȻѾҺ¥ҵĸֶˣȥֻΪǸͨկӴȥѡ
⣬ҶҲԼĴ㣬ƬĿңܼܲ©
뵽Ҷ뵽һӣ¸оһɲ
µĺۼҲʱĳ
еǴССʯֻһ·ͨӵң뵱꣬Щɿ˾ּĻ£ڵµʯɳ
ǲɿˣûһʿκһŻ߼嶼ʿɿĶеġ
ʯʿ˵õԴһܲٽʯѾǳˣǻʿĻǵǰæˡ
һѰ˼ӣҶһһСʯû֣ɼЩѹεĶôɾ
֪ڿӸոշ󲻾ãȷ﷢˼Ʒʯò˼©
ôȥˣܼ©ͱ˼ˣﻹֵ
˵ˣǸ©ĶǶǳϤ˵оĸ֣һ˸Ͳ
һ˼ӶһҶɵйˣȻƬεҺ¥ҵνʮֵǾжǿ
ʱ䣬ҶѾƺƤֽϵϢȫˣʮ˵ΪҲһµ˽⣬Լȫǻɱ
ţҲҴҡڵεҪҺ¥һɫ֪ԼǺǵġ
ţ
Ҷ߳ӣ㿴һʿԶԶԼ߹ٶ֮죬سɴ硣
Ҷ۾һ˵òӦҺ¥ɳʮ֮һҵˡ
ÿһ嶼Լصı־Ϊݵһ壬ȻҲУǵı־ǳױʶ
٣
ҶԷͬʱԷҲ۾ʱһǹһɭЦݡ
ǱˣҺ¥ɳʮ֮һɣΪʥ̥ڣ޽ӽʥ̥۷壬ʵսֲ
ҶСӣ
δ
һȣǰͣĿ絶һ㶢Ҷϵɱ
ֻûǸ£
ҶԣһҲûбɵǿѹЦҺ¥ɳʮӣ֮һʳ
٣
ԣɫһ䣬ɱڵҼöˣģʵںܺ棬ƾʲôţ
һ˶ԣ֪Ҳû壡
ҶӦƱǣȫ֣ӶԼıչЧ
СҵҪʶһ㵽кͣ˿ڳԣ
ŭȳȭӣ
һȭȭâ˲һֻƬצ˺գƾˡ




1238 ֮ˣΪʲô
ƬĮ֮ػǧǰɿģ£ɳԽԽγɴ˴ǧһƬ֮ء
ɷҶ֮һԲϣȳ֣ҪҶɱ
Ҷܽڶǿ߿ɱʵսһƾҶԵ÷ǳ⡣
Ȼ
ܿ죬ɾ֪ԼˣҴķǳף

׵һȭҶ˿壬ͬȭӭȭͷ˲Ͻɫâҫۣһ֮ȭͷơ
䣡
˵ȭâݺݵײһ𣬱̻ѤĹâҫۣ

ΪԼĴи˲ʹĴۣ񱩵ʥֱѪ졣
㡭ͻʥ̥
ɾҶһȭио˸ޱȵʥ
ΪˣԿ϶Ҷͻˣʥ̥Ѿ֮ǰǸԪˡ
ʥԪ
ɶʥǷǳϤģһӦҶ·һһ㣬Ѫʢʥ
ˣ
һе֣ҶͣԷκδϢ֮ӶϽɫȭͷݺݵȥնȭͷ²ˡ
ǵ͹ˣûϵĺ˵Ϊֹˣ
ɫֱ࣬â˸ʥӿ˲޸˵ֱۡ

âһһ˸űĽƳУֻһ͵Ҷ
бؾȣ
ɼţҶôǿҲԲӲȫһ
ֻҪܹҶطĽƷ籩չֱҶɱΪֹ
ܷʵܹǸУ
ߣ
Ҷһȣʮ𶯣Ͻɫȭͷ˲ûץץȥ
ҪֶУ
飡
ҶϽɫĴצһݺץڽϣͬʱҽ߳ɵĵżʥӿһѷ鵶
ৣ
ɴ󾪣ɫ䣡
ΪĽƱҶץУһ㣬޷ֺ
û뵽ʥ̥Ҷûʹʥ̥εʱսͺˡ
鼱֮£ֻ÷ƣһͼܡ
ˣ
飡
꣡
ĶϹܲȱҶУʥѣȹֱӶѡ
֮⣬ĽҲҶš
ľƷȻһ㣬ʥ̥˵ѾǺѵõˣҾΪѵˡ
Ҷһ˲佫ڽеһĨɱˣȻԼһƳ׻ˡ
ȻƷʺƷ׵ǹûȣϾʥ̥ڵǿ߼Ǻмֵġ
㡭
ɫ䣬һܵӰ죬һѪ
ʲôֶΣʹɣ˵ûᣡҶֱս˿ռС
ò˵ȷҵԤϣ㻹ҪҪΪֻǿϣܹԴѹĴڡ
ɫ£ˣףҶͨǿʥʥ
壡
£һȣǹģ̬ӰڽС
ž
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һ˲䣬ƱǣһɿֲϢɢ
˿̵Ѿˣһεޣ˵ޣ
໺𡭡
ɴһĹʯֱӱ촷ۣϵƶ䶼ɢˡ
ء
ɵ䣬һǺţСİǳڵƽϣɫһ˹
ҶѾһﶯˣǶʱͣ˽Ųɴһ߾ĹҰֳԭΣ

ҶһԣǼֱǸ⡣
ɣ
ûǣɣƱǣһҶ
ȽҶɱȻٽǰƤǣȡ޺ԳͷԼ
úã
ԺɣҶܣֱӭȥ
ԭͨһսԼıչЧʵ֮ǰ̫޷ȫ˿̣ɺеһ˿ѹ

ҶѡӲӲϽɫĴĥһСſµݺݵغɵצײһ
䣡
һ죬ҶǶߵķһɳȥԶصˤڵϣֱ۶Ťˡ
ˣ
ɣһ֮£Ҷˣ
ͬˣƱҶءɫצƬȫɳȥѪ죬צˣֻʣ¹ͺͺֱ۸Ǵ϶ѣĴ˵ɳȥԶ
֮һԲ׵ĴӣΧʯȫʯۡ
ҶѸٴ߶֮޸˵ұۣѵľٴνֱ˸ϽɫĹâ
ϣҵĴ۰ʵ̬
Ƥֱɵս𾪣һҲҶİȫҶжǿ֪ġ
ôΪʲôս֮ǿ
Լͺͺұɸеһ׶ĵľʹĴܸУ
ʵţҶľͺܶ࣬սȴ֮ϣɱﵣʥ̥壬Ȼ޷ռϷ硣
˵֮˲ôΪʲôҶƾɣ˵
Сӣ˸ˣҪΧɱˣ
ͬʱǴһ
Ҷǿزдʿ߸




1239 ׶
֮ҶĬĬŵСʿˡ¼
õߵĴУЮǧ׽ٴĹѨн콾׷ɱĹ⣬Ƶ׽٣ǽҺ¥ڶǿ׷üɹ¥涼֮ززҺ࿹
Ҷ׹ɱ¥һͨǿߺڶǿߣ¥Һʧ
ŭҺ¥ַ˱ɱҪϧһд۽ҶĨɱ
֮±·򣬺ܶ׹ϵʿһЩʯʿ뵽ѰҺ׷ɱҶĴ֮С
ռұϢܿ㴫ݣ֪ˡ
ܶʿƲҶģΪҶߵķǹ̶ģ׹򱱵һǳؾǡ
Щ˰ҶΪ磬ٶȵƲ⣬ҶȻ⸽ķΧ֮ڣԺ̥ܶʿŵζèһ׷׸ϵ۵Сǡ
Ҷ֮ʱʢѪֱһĻ澰ܶ˶ˣȻ֪Ҷ߸˹
˿̣ʮʿ˷ӿҶĴЩ
ܾ콫ɽˣһЩ˲ϣȴĽһޱȵսп䡣
ɱ
ʱȣҶԼǿɱУйâһƵ׵ǹС
ű죡
Ҳ֪صʱ̣һٱ䣬ȫһֻޣ˫ִһһĻ֮ҪҶᡣ
׶죡
ҶһеĹģһУȴǧ򻯣
꣡
һɫǹâɢ˻֮ɵצ׵ǹһƿһз
ۣ
׵ǹݺݴɵؿڣֱӽˡ

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У
ǡ
ϵĶ𣿡
ô
ҶһǹɶͬʱЩŷʿڸϵˣȴǰһĻˡ
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ɱɣһжˣҲû׶֮أ
龰һЩŻɱҶֺõʿʱ׷׺ǳ⣬Ҷɣ
ڿЦô
ҶֳǹһӽһսһЩʿǿȥ
⣡
ɵĲ״ܵҶĿеɱ⣬ܵʿǲͷһ
Ҳɱҵ𣿡
ҶǹЩʿʵ

ܵʿЩǵȷɱҶģ˿ô˵
˵ĻҶԲŹɣ
֮⣬ҶܹɱɣʵǸеľͿ־壡
Ƚǰˣ¶
ǸᣬǲǸо˴սѣ
ֻҪɣǱ֤㣬ȥ
Щʿ˵ҶķˣɻɱһǨŭǣǿɳԲ
ԣҪĿľȱסɵ
ڳŵǶƭ˵ģû˻Ľĳŵϣǿⲻ¼Ȩѡ
СӣҸܵǿҵɱ⣬Ҫǻǰ˻ǣ·ɣҶ
ûõģҷΪЩ˻Ź𣿽Ҫɱ䣬ɱҵףɱҾҪñɱľ򡣡
Ҷͬ˵ͬʱҪٻԼկˣΪԼկȥֻ
СӹݣϲȺαӣһᣬСӼͣҴӾ֧㣡
ǼЦһŲǱ߾ɽҲҶѡ߷
ҽˣܱ֤ҵİȫ𣿡
Ͱ̶֮ҶһŲϲҽеһЩȥ
ҪܱǿĹЩһֲ
Ȼ˵ֻҪǰû˻㲻ǻΪ飬ǳ׷ɱ
һŬװһϿҵӣҶ˵ֻϧĺâ
̫ˣʵҲģλΪһԼ¥ҵìܣȻὫˡ
ҶЩԽԽˣͬʱϵĴ߶֮ѳԼ׵ǹ
Ҫģû˵Ĵ㣬ԻǰˣҪϵ
ҶЩ˲׵ʱ򣬲֪˭ȺһɤӣʱЩ׷ɱˡ
ۡ
ͬʱҶһ׵ǹ񱩵ʥֱӽˣѪȺϮȥ
ҪΪҲ֪ǵ뷨ɱҾҪۣ
ɱɣҶͣƣ

Ҷ׵ǹϹ˸һʿ
ۡ
ʿ⧲Ҷһǹüģͷ­ը˲
ƽ¡¡ͬ
һɹҶȴǹߣ߱ǹʩչ


ġ
ҽһƬ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻеôǿߵʱ֣һӱ˸ֲǰʿȺ׵ǹڷ궼û⡣
̫ˣҶͻϮ̫ͻȻˣӦʱ䶼ûб㱻ˡ
Щ˼Ȼ׷ɱȻЩֶεģݵĻ֮ҶĹסˡ
ģ
̫ɶˣ
ЩʿǷ׷׼Լǹꪡṳ棬貵ĹâҶϴȥ
ಣ
͵Ϯ֣ҶϺˣ֪Щ˲ס
ΪƶϣҺ¥ҵִ˿һڸϹһЩ˲סԼ׶༪١
׷
ˣ
ץסƤң
һȺʿ¼ʬ壬Ҷ׷ȥ
ǿ챻ˣԭΪԺƵҶɣû뵽Լһ˸ֲ
ЩʿȻʲôǿߣҲʥ̥ڵʿʮˣԲС
ͨڵǿߣʮʥ̥ǿߵʱҲҪݱܷâοҶǸոսʥ̥ѡ
һ̣Ҫָһʵ
Ҷٸɽܵİǣһϣ˵
ղŵսȻʱ䲻ǶʥȴСϾҪԵʮھȫԼǿߣвرпٲľء
ǣĶأͷ
ǣݣԺõһô
Ҷոڰǵϣ㷢ְǾȻͻȻͷȺ׷ɱԼȥһŭͬʱӰǵ
ñ㵱أСӣรɣˣ
Ǻߺһתͷǰɽȥ
ͬʱʮʿѹѹس߳˹ɱ죡




1240 ǿƷɱ
ݾڣɽ룬çĹ֣޺У˻Գ仢Хһľ
Ҫ˵ͨˣҲԸЩɽ֮УΪ̫δ֪Σմڡ
ھǴԼһɽеСϪԣҶ˹ˣ˿˿ͷð
ʱԵøǱദˣ·ϸѪ߰ߣɫͷѪ̳һһ縵ģɢŴ̱ǵѪζ
Ⱥ׷ɱʿǸ蹷һһ׷ɱȻͣսǿӵд֮޸ƣκһ˶ͱǻɱˡ
ЩҶ˴Сʮսðձе˼׷ɱʿԼҲ˺صˡ
ʼոûгֻԶԶսһԣһʱ
ӵѾǳˣҲ͸֧òͣϢ
ʱҶվϪˮУϴȥϵѪۡ
Щ˼ֱǹӡ
˹ϵ·Ҷһ߳ŲժҰһ߰
ɽУ𶼲ңй¶Լ١
ò˵ҵǷǳģȻڵƴʥأݾǶȻ
һ£ܶСŻ߼ʿ׷׳뵽׷ɱҶĴ֮С
ҶĴ˵Ǿٲά裬ɽҰ׷ɱʿимҺ¥ҵǿߣʮֱɱһˣʣµľȫˣÿ˶һѰټ
ȥǰ취취ٸɵһЩ˲У޷ǵ׷ɱ
ѡѡȥҶѡ¥һʥ̥۷ǿһʿ˵ӣ¥ҵǿ֮⣬˶ǲһģв
ѡ֮Ҷ⽫һƫƧɽ֮СЩ⸽ĵˣ롣
ڰǵİ£Ҷѡһĵص㣬£صȴ¥ǿϹ
Ȼ¥ʥ̥۷ǿߴʿ׷˹
ѣ϶⸽Ҳӵˡ
¥ǿ´ͼ̰ͼʯʿСɽѰ
ҶԼϢ£·һľڵһû˿ϢɢһȴʶطΧ֮ڣÿһ˵Ķָơ
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Сĵ㣬СӼƵĺܣ͵Ϯˡ
ϸңڵҲҪҳҪʬΣ꣡
¥ǿɫޱȣŭޱȡҶ¥ܳĴ˻ɱˣ¥ܵ˳صĴ
ǰҶķϮɱ֮ЩʿҲ˺ܶ࣬ѾʶҶȻոʥ̥ɹʥ̥ʵսȴʥ̥۷ûʲôǸͲǶ֣һжҪ¥ҵǿߡ
֪У¥ҵǿ߱ҶڵĵϣϸѰţͬʱȫ䱸ҶͻȻɱ
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ʱ򣡡
Ҷǳֲһֱ¥ҵǿߵλãԼͷϷʱ׵ǹҵâһ
ٻ죡
߱ǹǿһУҶȫʩչ±˾֮
꣡
Ƶ׵ǹֱӻ¥ǿɲֱͱǻУʥ֮Ե

¥ǿѹû뵽ᷢıʣҶһ֣ҽһһȥ

Ҷ׵ǹ𣬻ɫĹâ͵һ׵ǹֱӽ¥ǿķѣһѪꡣ

¥ǰ
˰Ҷ
ʿһĻðôҲû뵽ҶȻڵµǣһб㽫ʥ̥۷¥ǿ߻ɱˡ
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һʥ̥ڵʿһȣйâһһ˸ı֣ͷһҶȥâǣƳ磬ƾˡ
ҶȻ壬¥ҵǿ߶ɱˣЩ˸ûз׵ǹһȭӭŵâȥ
䣡
һ죬âɢ˸ıҶһȭˣһ
𡭡
˿һͷƽʨʥ̥Ӱǰ֣ҶȥɢŰްߵϢ
ĹҶҲҴ⣬һâƵʥ̥ʵ壬Ȼƽʨʵ̫ˡ
ȭ£
Ҷһȭƽʨȥʥ̥ͬĶâƵȭͷǿĹ
䣡
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ʥ̥ڵʿҽһ׷ɳȥͬʱһѪ
ʥ̥٣ܵ˼Ĵˣ˿һͨ˶磬һָͷˣ
ۣ
Ҷ߹ȥһű㽫˵Դ飬Ѫɣ
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ʣ¼˿һĻ֣֪ҶĶ֣Ӳȥֻ·һһۣ·ڵķȥ
ӵ𣿣
ҶŭһüķɳһɫСֱӽӵʿĺ׶ˣ걻Ĩɱڷ

ţչ׷ʿһȭ
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ʿ֮´ǿһȻҶȭ֮£κηͽ͵ġ
ۡ
ҶϽɫȭͷһ赲һȭڿУҲɱˡ
Ӳˣƴˣ
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ͨȼʥսʱסҶ
һֻҪһ¥ҵκһǿߵǾͰȫˣҶҲٲľء
໣ʲôҧң
һʿ֮£һֱ費İ͵Ϯɹһڴҧһȥ۵졣
ޣģóԣ
µ⣬׷׷ͦˬǰɣθǵѵ֪Ǻǵġ
ģӱ㣡
ʿŭһ䣬һȥ
ҧ㣡
ٶ죬ԭһӰգۼ䵽ʿߣһţֱסʿĲӡ
ʿʥ̥ڶѣԶûҶ̣գۼͱҧ˲ӣڷ
ҶҲûе飬ȡ׵ǹһָ·ֱӶ˵üģꡣ
ߣЩ˲ˡ
Щ˽֮ҶͰû˿ͣǵĿռù֮ٴ֮زز
ҶϮսܹʱ䣬¥ǿڵ׷ɱ߱ڷ
˸ϵʱ򣬳һƬսǽ֮⣬ֻм߱ʬһƬ֫⣬ҶͰͲ֪ˡ

¥һǿ߿ԼٴαɱŭҶСһҪʬΣ




1241 Ů
ڽļУҶøֻᣬ׷ɱԼʿɱ˶ʮˣаҵǿߺ¥ҵһǿߡ
Һ¥λλ󶯡
ŭԹ֮£Ҷɱ
ҲĲݵĳֵĻЩǻʥغϴڱǶֵˡ
һۣһ˲òָԤĹʶҲ½ĵĹ涨ǻð֮踡
ȻսҶҲˣƷǳأҵһǿ߸µġ
ǿֻ߰ѾͨѾܹʹòԪ֮ˣҶ䡣
գҶȼʥ꣬սѵĲɱǿ߱¡
һսҶѵһսɱһǧ˰٣̫ܵˣܵشҲˡ
˵ЩصһΣһˡ
ҶˣЩ׷ɱ˸˷ˣ
˵һ˵ĴʱֻҪҵҶеҶ˵׾١
ʱУϵʿԶ뵽׷ɱҶĴ֮С
ȻҶɱʮˣ׷ɱû٣ǰˣܶԶʿҲϵ
ҶѾˣӣ
֪˭ܹУȡҵʯ
ǴĻӦӳݣֻϧҺ¥Ҳģ
ÿ춼иµϢ׷ɱҶĴ֮дȥܶûв׷ɱʿ¡
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ȻҶܹô׷ɱԾɷɱʮ׷ɱҲʵ𾪡
̵ΣЩ˷˲ɣɱʲôô
һһ߱Ҷ
ʱĻ빲ǽϿҶϿɶѡ
֪Ѿ֮ңҶ֧ˣôҲսмϢʱ䶼ûС
ۺʥҲпݽߵһ죬Ҷ˿̱Ѿ;ƿݵıԵȫƾһڲ֧ţһйñɱԼֲסˡ
ͨ
֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҶĵһСӱߣһͷԵںˮУ˹ȥ
Сӣɱ㻹ǷһѪأ
ҧסҶĽףѵĽСϳȻ泯ƽš
ʱ䣬Ҳ۵òᣬԭ͹ˮİë˸Ӳһ޹⣬һȦͷԵĿˡ
ô죿Ҳչ˰һǱչҵģ
ŻеҶǷˡ
ϢĵطܲʱطҲŲ˶ãһЩ׷ҶҪҲ⡣
̵ΣвϵĻɱ󣬽Щȫһ򾡡
һҧݣһεǰɽͷȥȻҲŪһЩʿĿռĶԶɱá
ɸΪ֮ûвϣǾʦҲûãֻܸɵۡ
ǰɽͷϼĿϣܹҸչһҶ˳ҲϢһ¡
Ҳûб̫ϣһƬçɽ֣ļʶҪܶࡣ
ףǰƺ̣
ǼĿԶԼһԱмƵķԺ䣬ʱһƬἲɹȥ
ֻҪˣҲҪһչһҶ
֪ҶȻأȴˣֻҪʱ䣬һָܹġ
꣡
ڰǷɵ𾢵ʱ򣬶ȻһŵæһצĹȥ˽⣬ֽе˭Ϯҹ
飡
شһɫİƣգɼһñֱӽӿиĲӬһ
ͨ
Ǿһˤ˸߻أǰֱðСǣȴҲûˡ
Ƥͭͷǣʵúܡ
Ұǣôż
һһȹӢˬŮһ˪ĳڰǵǰ
ţһӨı˰ǵϣ²Ľâŵòȥ
ɡŮҪ嶯Ҳǹⴳġ
ͷˣæԼҶ׷ɱ˵˳˵ԼҸչһ»ԵҶѣⴳġ
ˣ޲ǳ𣿡
ŮѹͲŰǵĻէ֣ӿ̹ǵɱðѪˡ
Ҫң˵ĶģаٻԶ޷޳
ǼˣҪ˵ɲŮСҪˡ
ŮϣᵽһɾΥʥϢ˵Ůп϶ϹѪ
Ϲһǿص壬岻ͬһص
䵽һŮУֻԣһ㷴뷨У֮Ĳࡣ
ٲʵԷһֱ̱ˣΪԼС룬Ҳˣ
Ƿԣ˵ǶˣκһĿģնҪ仯ΪΣ̥ǣǾͲޣһˡ
ðɣҾһΣȥ˵ǸԵ࣡
Ƿ˶ģŮɫ𱦽һϣǰ·
˭˭ˣΪʲôùңСһ䣬ʵʵĽŮҶԵСӱߡ
ʱҶԾɴڻ״̬Уȫ֮ڻ޸˵Ĳλ
սҶ͸֧ʥ̥ѣʥɺԣ֮˺ܶ࣬޸ҲޱȻ
ô˵ôأ
Ůһ۱㿴Ҷ˿һΣյ״̬Уüʵ
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Ȼʵô൱ʥ̥ڶѣȴͬһ㣬һ۾Ϳöҩĵ
ֻҪһڣ´˵ܹ֤֮ƣлָһ졣
û뵽ŮϾȻ϶ˣ
žžž
ιҶµ֮ŮϼѨƣһҶڣ޸˵อ;
̫ˣҪȰɣ
Ůԥһ£ջǾȾҪһӣһŵĽ⽫Ҷ棬ֱӷɵߡ
ӣɣ
ǵߵߵһںһߺŮ̸׽
֪ĵǲ٣
Ůûش𣬵ԣǲ¶ˣᡣ
ʲô֣ҲǳƺΪӰɣȻƺܺ
ƶᣬƺȻĺøһûΪ֮ǰκβ죬Ѻõӣе졣
ҽͮͮ
ԳΪͮͮŮƺԸͰǶ˵˵䣬Ȼ٣Ҷȥ




1242 ż
Ůͮͮӵĵطɽˮ㣬Ԫ뵣Уɾһ㡣
򵥵Сɢӵ㣬СԺޣŵ
һƥķٴɽ䣬С̶Уˮ飬·߲ʹâ
һЩ˳С˲ڲԶԲˣĻ˵˼ɾһҲΪ
ﰲ͵ԴӰ֮ʹˣЩ˳СǸӦϵϢʱŵ֮ززˡ
Ҫ֪ǶԣУͻȻһɢϢУܲ
Ůͮͮľ£ҶѾȫȶԭֻʱ⣬ʱڻ޷
̫ܵˣϵģҪҲܵ˼Ĵˣ֮ס꣬пܻľ
Ҳøӱȫͬͨʿ˺ܶ࣬ڻ֮Уͷ
ҲʵÿԪ뵵Ļվ»ǵϣڸɽͷ϶ԲºУøһЩ޲ϵĤݡ
ȻޣȴӵѪͨ޻Ǻġ
Ҷ˵ͬʱ¥ҺҵǿԼһȺŸĿ׷ɱʿ׷ԵСӱߡ
ѾˣӲԶһҪң׷
¥һǿ߸Ӧһ¸ҶϢһ£ǰ׷ȥ
һɽͷǰľɫȻһ䣬ֻǰɽ飬عѣĵƬɽ飬һɻľ
⡭ʲôط
ѵǿڴ˴սô
ǿǰɽǱӲӰɽضˣ
ǰľЩ׷ɱҶʿǶʱһ
ǵΪȫԸҲ첻ƻʲôǿ߲ƻ
ѵԶսżǾȻ
һʮǿɫأ˵
սżѵǴ˵еǸսżҶӵսżеĻͲðˡ¥ҵһǿȻ֪һЩйսż飬һص˵
ʲôô˻ץһ˵С鲻ɣӵߣҲһܽɱ
һƢʿ˵ţһսżгȥռȻҶĻɱĻ߶;ûʲôˣҲ׷սżгȥ
ϣᾪˡ
ǿԥһ£ջ׷˽ȥȻ֪ҶǲĴսż֮УƲ⣬ӦǽսżС
սżлޱȣǴݲϵʯͷǰɫģ·Ѫݹɹһ
ݴ˵ÿһغʯͷ϶մȾ˹Ѫٹ꣬Щʯͷпܱɴ˵еıѪʯ
ЩʯͷѪʯԶܵѪʯá
Ƭսżǳ󣬷Բǧݺᣬܶطͻأĳһ׵ӣһɹħڳħΧ
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ѰҶټǰߵʱǰͻȻһȣţһȺϷװӭ˵ֱӶ֡
ᣬ˵ġ
ҵһǿ߻û˵꣬һɳĽ𵶱ŵ˽ͣϽһȭȥ˽𵶣ҲһɶԶͣ
ߣЩ£ѹָҴżô˴ģĴżսǲɣ᲻κζ֣
һɫս׵˺ڷֻӳֳĽâ£ֳһɫĴ󻷵ٴȥ



֣Ҳ׷׶֣һʿòֺ
顭
һʱ䣬ɣݺᣬսżУһս׷ɱҶЩʿҲû뵽ᷢ飬Щ˸Ͳǽ͵Ļˡ
ҪǣЩ˵ʵһҲǲƵǲòȫԸпڴˣ
ȻеʵѹָҴżһ
ƽս׵սһ㣬ڷÿһʮɵâƥƵǿ߲òȫӦս˵ˣ˵ҡ
һй²ڽ;ͻᱻ
ۣ
ҵǿ߶ȥˣߵһʿȴùˣֱӱɫĵâ룬Ѫһɶߡ
䣡
âһʿ֮Ʋ˥ݺݵڵϣڵһѺۡ
оˣϲɺذ¿Ҫͮͮˣ
粻սĺᣬѪһѣսˣ
֮ͮͮ⣬һУ½罫ǵһˣ
ƽս׵˺£е˷׷άһ䣡
Щ˵ۣЩ׷ɱҶսżеʿǽп಻
׷ɱҶģȴû뵽Īĺ˴һ
սȴԽսԽ£ͨ㲻һ
˺ԵĲͬǣǲʥ̥ûʥ̥Σȴ죬ÿһʯ쾪
飡
ϲʯ鱻սγɵ֮У˲䱬飬Ϊ촷ۡ
Щ׷ɱҶʿҲˣ׷ʩչԼѹ׹һʥ̥ζȥ
ۣ
һ˱¥һǿߵʥֱ̥ˣ궼ֱڷ
¥ǿʥ̥۷ǿߣʥ̥ױܣˣóⲫ
ˣ
һĻһǿ߼æŭһ䣬һʼȻӦսȴǳƣˣ黹תء
˷ǳɵһжıˣ¥ҵǿ߻ɱһˣѾ޷ˣ
ȻͬЩ˷ˣգʥݺᣬս˿ȵİȻÿ˶

һУǿϢȥ
ۡ
£Ӱζ˫ֳֵһһʥ̥ڵʿͬʥ̥һˣٻһնʿ꣡
˿ĽǳֲŽɫʥ⣬򷨲֣κικβȴ
ÿһмʿ׷룬ǻһɶߵѪȪڷ
ǿܵȾսԼĶֹɱȻûʥ̥Σͬƥƾˣ
ڣѾûʲô˵ˣЩùʿҲֻƴֿˣ׷ʹѹ׵ľצ죬絶ǿǴսһ
ǿߺǿ֮ĵһδģսʥ̥ǿ󹥻ͳǿҲˡ
սֳŵ״̬˫ɱ죬Ӷˣɣ
˫սͬʱΪʼٸҶȴԴһ֪
һľķУδѹ




1243 Χ
սżУɱ죬ǿǺҡ¥Լ̰ͼ޶͵ʿչ
ڣ˫ˣѾȫܺƽˣΨһܲпܽⳡս
ħ죡
һʥ̥۷ǿʩչԼʥ̥һͷɫͻǰһɫͻзǿһǿֱ˽ȥֱˣ

һĻ񳹵׷ˣ˫ۼ׳Ľâ˾ս
ӡƣ
һȣһǿȥһɫľ޴ӡһǿߵͷĲӬһֱͬͻʥ̥һĽ˵¡

ҵǿǱĴһһ߿ѪһĿ¶֮ɫ
ʥ̥壡
һɫͻٴγ֣УһǿϢٴγ֣ҵǿϢǡ
ʥ̥£ʵȻһ򽪿ȥʥ˲һֻצǿϢ
ѣ
мһߣɫĴ󻷵ٴγУ˫յһն
һƥĵâϵ̫Ȼʧɫ۵Ľúܶ㲻ʿоǰһƬʲôҲˣ
һն£
צʧǿ߷·ʲôҲûһɱһȭƣ
Ҳһֱۣ¥ҵһǿߡ
ǳ֪ڳ˭вҵľЩǿߣ
ֻҪЩǿ߻ɱ˲Ҳ
ۡ
ת뿪ҵǿ߻ţţȻһ죬ȫըڷ
һĻʣЩ׷ɱҶʿŵòᡪҵǿ߿˵Ŀǰ˵ǿģ
Ȼ
һȴһˣ궼û⣬ʱǸо
쳷
ʱҲ˲ʲô׷ɱҶˣСҪٲߵĻһǽٴη񣬿˭ҲӲˣ
УҪȻսô׵ģкüʿûѣǿǺɱ
׷ҴżǾˣ
һ£һصĲ֫ʬ壬Žһβ׷
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һֱЩʿ׷սżŰѵͣ
ҲԳ֮Ϊ壬ǵ̫ŵѪ
ս֮ػƬսѵ崫ˣﵽһΪ߳Ƭսż
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ӳսżֻ֮ʣʮʿˣֻʣһǿߣ¥Ҳֻʣһǿˡ
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ΧҲðպǿս˻ᱣҶһ塣
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е飡
ΪҵǵĳʥػϴڵĴˣ򶼱ֶɱˡ
ҶΨһһɱǴ˺ͼǿˣȴûбܻ߻ɱ˵ֱǳ裡
ôŭҲûʧȥǣ֣սżҪĳסȻѰҡ
սżᣬЩ̫Ѫǳǿ󣬼ֶһֵ˺á
ԣǾΧֻżţֱӴȥ

һУҶһ֪
ЩŮͮͮ£Ҷƻָĺܿ졣
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ſˣŮͮͮһСɢҩɫҩҺ䣬СһιҶ¡
ʱҶȻڻУȴǳԾ֮ʧȥѹƣĳȻȻͦϵıӶһСС

ͮͮȻҶͻĳ棬ɵһ죬ǴһͷС¹һײιҩҲĲҩҺ˲١
ҶڸѨڲϵĳת֮ܶǰûйͨϸСдͨˡ
һҩҺҪι˵ʱҶұ۵ѨͻȻһ£̧һӴͮͮزϣ

ͮͮȻһеҩžһҶϣˣ
ɶ񡭡
ͮͮ˫â̧һƬɫĹҶϿտɡ
飡
£ֱӽҶͬһĽ˵£ݶˣֱӱɢˡ
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ˣҶˣһѪ˿
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ŮͮͮˣشϮңΪҶѾᱡų֡
ɿҶûзûжܣͮͮɻˣѵղŲǹģ
ʲôˣ
ﴫ𶯣Ǽæܹһǽһߺ졢㵵ͮͮʱĿɿڴ
⡭ʲô
ǰԼ


1244 ͨ
ݵȻ󣬰ǿͮͮδ˵ĺ쳱׷ʲô£Цһ˳ȥ
ϼ޻ߺʱԲܴ̼Ůͮͮͮͮһ裬֪ʲô
̽Ҷ֪ҶûΣա
뿪ͮͮɫӵؿһƬǽµҶǱ׻һһ顣
ãͮͮŽҶһƬǽ֮°ǳ̽һıϢֲûд󰭣ɵþ̾Ҷڳˡ
ĽƥȻղŲûȫҶӲһȴûˣԤϡ
֪ǣҶһǵûлкôΪһаô̼Ҷꡣ
Ǹ쵰ࡢͽӡ
ͮͮߺ뵽Ĵʶһ飬齥ƽʼ˼ô졣
ѾˣסȥȻǲʵģҶûѣ»ҪһʱУ
˼Ƭ̣ͮͮҶ۾ӵĵطҶ֮پô
ɫʱһӻȥȻǲеģֻʱһɽҶԼκεطܹҹ
վɵɽͷȥ»һǺҰŵӹˣֻһЩ֪ĳţ׵ҹƽһЩ֡
Ҷƽʯϣʶе̼֮ܵѵļһζĥ൱Ҫ
䣡
һֱҹҶԺкȻһ죬ѹתϽɫʥ̥â䡣
~
Ҷһ߳ɽȻڷתԪͷİٻѨУתһܣִӿȪѨųȥ
⡭
Ҷϲ֣˻գתһ»ඥ룬壡
ͨ壿ҾȻͨˣ
ҶЦѣǧɽһ㣬еͮͮİǶˣ
ǰǸ߲ѣ»ͻȻ»ˣû취ˡ
ҶӣǲһͷԵȥŵĿСǺùȻͨˡ
ͨ壿Ȼͨ壬̫˼ˡ
ͮͮҲȵվֱǰһУ
˵Ϊأͨ˲ʿȴǧΪļҲԽԽۿԻ¡
ΪĲʿһЩ֣˵ͨԤδȵȡ
ͨҲһֻСͨѡ
֮˵СͨΪʿﵽ֮ͨ󶼻ῪҲͨ
ȻˣҲһЩʿԵɺܹпͨСͨǳˣ
ͨһ޴ĺôǾʥݽߣʱԪʥˡ
֮ͨʿµľǳ־սֻҪԵʥɺԣȡ֮֮ߣҲֺܽ
Ҷһȭ򸽽ٲȥҵɫȭâֱӽٲնϣأ˲󷽵ʯںȻ
һȭҶûиоκߵļԼͨˡ
ҶԺһۣǰһڣʧȥֱ֪ͦͦĴӿˤ
ʲô
ǺͿˣ֪Ҷڸʲô飬Ȼˤȥ
ͮͮҲɵˣҶͨУôҲû뵽ıʡ
ǷӦʱҶѾصˤڵϣͷһʯͷϣֱӽǿʯͷˡ
ô£
ʲô
Ǻ֪ͮͮôһ¡
ȻͨˣأûȫָղŶһ˿ԲŻԵģ̣¾Ҳûôǿʣ
ͮͮжϳҶˤԭ򣬸п֣Ҷ̫ǿˣôߵĵطˤȻһ㶼ûˣֱǸ̥
Ҷ·ʯϣֱӳȥˣԻ¶磬˵˽
飡
仰ֱͮͮ߳ŭһǽƱ㽫˳ȥ
ĵ¿ηΣ˭˭ˣôôأ
ƤͭƤǣҶ̣һ½һ¶ûС
㾿һʲôأôϸܵһϢ
ȰԶˣͮͮؿҶ˵
ҶȻشΪԾɴڻ֮У˲״ô׻ָġ
Сӡ
ҶʶҡͷЦҶıʵе𾪣Ȼʥ̥ڱͨˣֱǸ漣
ҶܵĴҲأǵƾԼлָĻ֪ʲôʱܳ׻ָ
ʱȣҶûʱ޸꣬ʱֻ֣ܳĿ£ڼһ͵ĹâҶ꣬޸ܴꡣ
֮ڣҶһôͬʱҲһڹͷǿһˣ޸Ҳһʿѡ
νҲҲ
һҹͮͮҶ˵˺ܶ࣬ƺ֪ҶԼĻ˵˺ܶƽʱ˵Ļ
ⲻ֪ҶȻʶеȴһֲȥˣ
Ϊһ֪˶ϹȻѪˣҲһ˫۾
ͮͮ˵ЩУˣѪŮ޶ҶкøС
ָϵ飬һǱ֮򼪣ҲװûҶԼȥ
գҶӻͮͮ˽֪ڵΡ
׼ǵأδָһذɣͮͮ˵ԼĴ㣬Ҷ롣
лл㡣
ҶԵл绹Ҫ׷ɱȥżݱһʱҲǲѡ
괴˻ûлָǿʿĻСż޸꣬ǿҲˡ
ǾٽͬʱûٳԿͷҸطһ£żһѡ
ٺ١
뵽Ҫȥż̲סô۾ӵĵط͵ˣ뵽⴦ٺɵЦţˮˡ
ӣͮͮɵһüͷǣҾ㣬֮ʵ㣬ÿһŰɱ㣬ĻԼ𣡡
أѱʲôˣһвصǣߣ͵飬ǲɵģҲмȥɣ
ǸϽһѿˮϵ˵
ϣһ£
ͮͮƺһȻͰǽӴʱ䲻νһҶ֪ͨǵһЩΪóϼ޻ͷŶ͸ˡ
ᣬ⵽һ壿ﵽʲôܣ
ͬʱҶȴǳ˺档




1245 
ҶڵĵطսżԶҪʹôִܵһշУսżȥ
ҶͮͮŰһ·еսżڴŽżȥ
սżһƬɳĮ͸ڣһɽӡ
Ͼ޴Ѻݺύܶ඼мɿʲôսƻ
ȥˣԾɲŵսĲϢڳɫĴϣһɺϢ·Խص̫һ㡣
أأ
ХĿ紵ƬɫĴأʯͷХһ֮ëȻ
ôоǽ˹⣿
ӣŵ³һʲô
İɣȻϹսżȴûκʬֻһЩƵԣͨĵ磡
ͨͮͮĽ⣬ҶͻȻһĵط̲סʵôûʬأӦǿģʲôĶܽǴûҷʬǶûѾʬռˣ
Ҳǰ˼ĵط
ͮͮ¶㯵Ĺâ˵ǳ֣ӲȾûʲôܴݻ٣ǵռսĹʬǵʱȴֳһЩ֫ϱ֮⣬Ȼûзһʬ壬ⲻϳ
˲ǣսڶ࣬ռĲʬȴ٣ĿϸԲϣ̫࣬һֱҲûд𰸣˭Ҳ˵Щʬ嵽ȥˡ
飿ѵǡ
ͮͮĻǳڶ˵ƺ֪ԼʧˣϽͣһԿȥҿҶͮͮ۾
֪Щʲô˵
Ҷֻ֪ǵ򵥣ѱģ޽ӽ۵ǿߣΪϣ֤ˣǳߣ϶֪һЩ
ͮͮҲΪ棬һֱ궼ûҵ𰸣ЩȥǿҲкܶһȥأ֪
ǿȥ֪ЩʲôȻŪ
Ȼ
ƺĲ˵ˣգ¶ֻƬ

ƼˣſڱҧŪҶͮͮ˴۵С۶һ취ҲûС
ûϵа취ʰ
ͮͮҧгݵҶ˵ȵ˾۾ӵ֣֮꣬Ȼ֪ҪĴ𰸡
Ҷͷʾͬ⣬һ̫Ƿʰˣ֪һЩʲôɾǲ˵ʰĻҶھʰһ١
ڴʲô⣿
ǳȻҶͮͮ˱һ仰Ҳû˵ǲһ˿ıζſʵ
ôʰأǰƤЬػֱӷˣҶݺݵ˵
̵ΣСӹ񶾣ǵļƻע޷ʵ֣Բǵóѵġ
ǶԼʵ൱ţ֪ҶκβԼͮͮǺǿԼߵĻҲδ׽סԼ
˵ˣиĵûأĵƣ򲻵ѵʱԲᶯá
ƬĳɫϵҲûһЩطһЩޱǿĹľһЩơ
ЩûиƬȴԵûϵϢƬء
һǰǧһƬʯǰͣ˽ŲƬʯһۿߣָʯʯ絶罣
ͮͮһŻһĹʯǰִһƬ⣬ŻһĹʯȻâţγһŻ
۾ӵĵطҲλٳһɣ
ͮͮҶƣҶֹţֹȻҲİҲֱ߽˹Ļ֮С
Ǳ죬һ׹⣬ֱӴ˽ȥ漴㳤һ
ҶԼ߹һˮһ㣬ǰɫ䣬Ԫ뵣ﻨ㣬ȻԳһС硣
Ҷһڰϣһ䣺ʲôΪǵˣʵ㣡
Сӣð˲ɣ
Ѽӵģ͵첻ãȻ֪ԼκβҶԾɲвһ
ҶһۣͷൽİʵЩʱϵСǡ
ͬǣǵĲʵ̫
СǹĹһͬͷƦʮ㣬ѱȱڻռȫˡ
ҶƵǣһﻹϲºڿڣƽʱ費ģָʲôʱͻҧһڡ
ܿ죬ͮͮҲ˽Ĺʧˣ·һƬһûκιŵĺۼ
Ҷ̾ռ䣬λڵһλš
Ϊ̫ˣдȥҲڣ͵ı֮ˡ
ʲôˡôżصء
Ůˣ
棬˵ͮͮˡ
ҶͮͮոճƬռУ̾ͱ˷ˡʱ̼Ƭڸ˴
ԭŮӵλͰҶǳȣû뵽ͮͮȻŮ˵λһǳ硣
ʲôŮŮģʵҲŮû취ѡģҲҲ
ᵽŮţͮͮɫЩ϶˵ʲôҶҲʶȤûȥ
ܿ죬ԶһӰɹвΪϵǳֲ
ʿֻڴﵽ֮ͨʥı䣬ܱ֮֮ͨΪľ죬Ӯϡ
ͮͮ㣬˭Ϊʲô壿
ܿ죬һȺ˱ӭؿҶʵ
һʥ̥ڵʿѣʲôʸ壬ҹȥ岻ӭϣ
ûͮͮ˵һĿࡢӥǹ˵˱Ҷ˿ͮͮӣֱҶȥ
ʲôĿˣƾʲôҵĿ˳ȥ
˽Ļͮͮɫʱ˵˵㣬ҲĿˣʲôΪսĺ˲Ҷߣ۾ͷϵĿһ
ɫ䣬ûͮͮĻǽ۾Ҷϣгɱ⣬˵ĻûصأһûʸģʶĻ̸ҹҽӳȥ
ңҵĿˣҶһָҾ㣡
ͮͮɫһ䣬û뵽Ȼ˿ҶⲻǴѿ
ͮͮ干ͬƾٵŮȻҰôصҲһ˾ܽģ¾ֵҲںҫ
ɫһܿͮͮǿƣҪҶϳȥΪһͨ˽صǶ衣




1246 
ҽƫˣҵҪô
Ůͮͮŭˣ۵Ž񣬴һԲϱ㶯ֵļơ
ΪŹѪΪҪһȣһôʿ
Ҳǿߵģ
ʿеǿߣ۽ٵĻƨҷţ涼ҪԳӭӡ
Ȼ
Ҷֻһʥ̥ڵʿ
˵ʥ̥ڵʿûʸǾ۾ӵĵط
Ȼˣ֮ǰЩᣬĲ׺ɣǿҲ֪ǿߵǿǱ
ʷϳֵļȫģȴûһģͺ˵ˡ
غģõپͻʧȥ٣ӵ˰˵츳ʱȴʧȥ˽۵ʸ
ŮͮͮսὪ˽ţܶ˶֪Ǵġϲͮͮһܣ˭֪֮ҶԸҪǼ
ͮͮѵҪΪһ˺Ҵսһֵ𣿣
Ŭʵڲ֣ͮͮһͮͮϲŮˣҲͮͮĶ֣㶯ҲǱŰ
ҵĿǶҵӣһսҷ㣡
ͮͮҲԸͽ֣һգһӣһսˣһ֣¶ʱͣ
ҶܴҪûʱ䵢
ɽǰһսĻһأͮͮûκαʾʵѾս׼
СӣӦ֪صزһ̤ģ뿪ǲΪ㡣
ǣҲգһʥ̥ڵҲҽصأֱ֪߳ܣ
ҽ粻Ը϶֣ǾûôིˣĻ͵ɣ
ڽͮͮŵʱǷ׷׳Է̣ҶԼȥ
ҶЦһû뵽徹Ȼ˵⡣
Ĳӭңͮͮӣлľ֮ջص𣡡
ҶͮͮΪѣǣת׼ȥ
Ҷδȥֻ·һǣֻܸߣҿ˭Ҷô
ͮͮɫ˲ĿɷЩ꿴ȥ
⣡
ͮͮĿⶢϣЩǶʱһݣ͡
ǿ֪ƽʱͰ׵ŮʵֲսĽ񶼲Ķ֣ԳԲ˶ߣ
˰ɣԱ
Ҷ֪Ȼô˶ӭԼǿҲǿɫһǵ˵ǾԲܽܵġ
С
Ҷ׼ȥʱһƽ͵
Ȼ󣬵ȴƵƬ֮䣬һ֣Ϊǳֲĸ֡
䣬һ뷢԰ףӤոϵٶ֮죬˷˼
ҶãѾﵽľ磬ÿһɽضڽ·ɿ쵹ˡ
ԶǿͣȻĺᣬҲǧ˿ƵϵϣοСѻͮͮĿˣԵӭ
ݲף˵зһڣЩԭҶǷ׷Ųҳˡ
棬Ϊʲô
˲ʣǿһĻҲɡ
λСͮͮѾͷĿˣȻҲĿˣ˵ģ㻹ʲô𣿡
߽ڶ̧ˣôҲ˵ˣֻ㬵ˡ
Сѣղŵ鲻һѣұ֤һˣСѾСסհɡ
˵ǳͻҶоܾĻˡ
ʱҶ뿪ĻǲߵӣҲͮͮӡ
ãл黶ӭ
ҶȻ֪ΪԼҲûж룬΢ЦŵͷӦʱ
~
ۿԸҶǼ󺿡
һ̣Ҷ֪һ޵еǿ߶ϰǣ

ͮͮҶŵķһԺſɽȪȣԺ滨ޣԪҲӯһڡ
ڰҶ֮ͮͮȥ棬㱨˰Ǻ֪ܿǰǿʬʧٵ飬ʰǣǲ˵ĻѻԼѳ
żҲǲ²ѣ²Ҳ֪ʲôֻΪ̫ףԲûж
΢΢һЦͮͮ˵СѾͷĳˣ֪ΪǷˣܺãúɣ֪顣
ǾĲ²⣿ܸ𣿡ͮͮг档
ڻʱ򣬵һδ˵ɣǸʱҲҸԼܹ²⵽һЩߣЩϲĲ²ĸӽʵ˻Ӧ
ʲô²⣿
Ůͮͮɻ뿪סаԼ
Ȼ
ʾ֭Ҳ벻ȻԲˡ
Ͼ˵ûﵽĸ߶ȣԲŲ֪ģԺ׵һ졣
֪УͮͮҶסĵط׼Ҷȥصתתܲ޸ҩ
޸ҩҶԼҲУȴ᲻ãĶԲᶯõġ
Ҷûоܾͮͮĺ⣬Ҳ˽Ƭء
ȻҲţǸֵļһôܷŹ᣿
Ƭռһ൱ĹųǣѾʷˣԴӿٳռ֮󣬱㽨ųǡ
Ƿǳ֣ǿ߶ԼòŵĶԼĶ
ҶͮͮһǵĴϣʱ˵עĿ
ͮͮ˵ܶ˶ʶҲĿ⣬˿Ϊ⡣
ҶǾþ̣СȻŲԭǸƦԸ񣬸ǲ⡣
ȻƵƵǿһ˭û⣬֮ͮͮҶ򼸸ȥ
ĵ̺ǳеĵ̲𲻴·ƷģҲ׺ͱģϺԴġ
תһȦҲûҵܹ޸ҩ
ʲôģ
ʱҶͻȻڲԶĹսĶƺһǳ죬̲סʵ
˵ﰡҪȥءƬռΨһһʿĵ̣о۱󣬸챦УֻҪܳ㹻ʯ򵽡
ͮͮһҶһǰȥ˿ûҶɫˣ˴
۱
ȻǾ۱󣿣
ҶҲû뵽۱Ȼô㷺Ȼгǳصĵطо۱ķֺţƬСռеĳǳжо۱ķֺš
۱ͨ찡
Ҷипǧǰȥ




1247 ̥
۱ֲǳûʲôаڷһЩ۵Ʒ
վڹ̨һʮͷһľһһϡ
ţͷ̴ӹ̨תЦĵϣⲻͮͮŮʲôˣ
λ뿴ʲô˵ֻҪСеģǮ
۱ֺŵĸ˲ʶҶİɼһߣÿ˶дĹؾأһë
ϣΪ㶫֪ûп޸ıҩ
ͮͮҲûиϿףҶܴأҪĵرָܾһϵʱ䳤ˣ»Ե˺
һʥ̥ڱܹ޳ͨˣǱνټʴڳˣΪ궼ܵĻǾ̫ϧˡ
ͮͮŮʧˣС϶ﻹûܹ޸ĵرЦ˵
Ҷп϶УԸֻۣǲ֪ʲôԭ
ҶҲϡɶ۱ɣҲǾ۱һԱˣԼˡ
԰ɣϣɲҪңҿ˵һǻûüͳȥɣѵҲʯ𣿡
ͮͮɫһӱѿ֪۱ǻԷȴ۾˵Ϲǳߡ
ͮͮŮС϶ΪѺòãǻ۳ȥСԶģ˵һģС϶
϶ˣĵʵѣȻ۱ܴ󣬵ķʵĻԮĸ̡
ȻǾͱΪˣǵȥתתɣҶһ̱뵽ǻԼġ
ͬʱ̾ǻƾۻ굤Ĳ֮һΪԼУĺģ
ҶǳжȻ֪Լʾã£ԼɣȴѾܾĺ⡣
Ͼܶæռƾۻ굤ĲϣǲϧŮǳ⡣
УûǻʲôʱܺãͮͮһڻؾҶ飬һǿϢɢ
ǻҲĵ̣
ǲ˵ҲܽǻģˣΪģһɣ
۱һҲ£һ̹ȻӣͮͮһȴֲĲ
۱Ĵڣ岻㵽⣬˵˽ϢһҪ;
һܴܶûеĶԴԴĸá
˵ͮͮû涼ȥǵڶԼ鱨Դ
ͮͮ侲һ£ûǻ֮⣬кܶණ꣬һҪǻɣ
ҶϽУɲͮͮΪԼ;۱Ļ岻Ծ۱Ҳûаô
ҶȰ⣬ͮͮ侲Ҳ֪Լղ³çˣϵǸһ
ϲΪ⣬ϿҵҶͮͮ˵ͮͮŮС϶ִСԸ飬Ҳܲ
һ粨֮ҶҲ˼óԼöˣͮͮ߳۱ɽгȥ
ÿǳضĵطĵ֮⣬һƬɽ׵ĳ
ʿɵԼӵеĶȥԼĶܶǿ߶ԼòĶֱӰڵϣҪʲô
Щǿ߶˾ԼĶۺ׼ȷܹԼĶֵΣļ۸ҲڿɽܵķΧ֮ڡ
һЩĿĶ棬벻ۣǾҪ˵ľˡ
Ҷͮͮɽгת˴죬ͮͮһѪʯһϾ񽻸Ҷȥ֮󴩸ͷϣꡣ
Ҷǳж
Ѫʯ˵һַǳĶֵԶϾ֮ϣܹͮͮһѪʯϾֻΪ꣬ݶ̫ˡ
ҶײԸǷ飬ΪʲôծûΨծѻڲǷ˼һծǷ˼һ
ΪˣҶлһҪŮͮͮ
صס֮Ҷͮͮ˵Ͼһףϸ˿߰ڶͷϣԼꡣ
ϾڶͷϵһɲǣҶĸоһϢԼʶꡣ
СŮ޵ˣɲܹ˼Ұ
٩ҶȻþ޸꣬ͬʱһ꽣꽣Ҳһ׳ĹйµĻŻָø졣
лϣ
Ҷһ̲ɣһת꽣ķһϾ꣬ϴ߶޸˵꣬νǼЧ죡
һתۣҶѾסˡ
У˶ʱͷ֮⣬ֻŮͮͮ
ʱˣûҶͷųԼϢ廿͵˲١
⻹㣬Ҳ֪ôҵģȻ˼ҵҩ԰Уҩ͵˲٣ߵʱҩ԰һ򣬷·Ȧһ
һʼǻ֪˭ɵģ˼֮㿪ʼˣԾûãҩն٣ǽѲǧ겻úȵҲˡ
Ϊһ֪ⲻ֪ѱڲֻûֹ

棬Ϊʲôһ϶ѣʲôʸص
ңϴʿǳģǵѣĪشһҲ˼ǿߣһе׶ӦŶԡ
һգҵ棬ѯΪʲôҶԴΪҡ
ܣǲܸõϵܣͷǲ򵥣һйϵ
һͰؿŽ񣬼˵ݹϴ˵ϣ֤ɵ۵ģҲΨһһӵвڴ۵Ĺǿߡ֤ʧܺ󣬴٣ǵھ֤ûش֮ʱ߱һͷ
潲˺ܶţǽ֮ǰ֪ģɺܲ
ϹӶܿͮͮŮҶǳãƺԽͨŮѵĽޡ
ڽ˵һΣѶţ
鷢ŮԲܼ޸ˡ
һ棬ǶԴеĲ𡪡е崫ԸȢŮŻῼǳȫԵ
Ȼ
Ҷֻһʥ̥Сʿ޷͵崫Ტۡ
ΪҪǣнͮͮԼŮˣȾָ
֪ԼĴ󣬽Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻƵ뿪
ߵİ׷һϣҲʲôܣһŪˣ
뿪֮󣬽뵽Ļжϡ




1248 ץ
ƬռзϢ꣬˵һƬ
ల£ûٹκζԴҶͰ֮ǻ޾;Īʧ
һʼЩǻΪԼ߶ˣҲû̫⣬ǰҲ
ƬռϾޣ޾߶ˣջܹԼġ
ɽȴǾ޶ʧܵҩ԰ҲƵƵʧԣܶҩĪʧˣ
弸ǿҩ԰ϣܹץ͵ҩһһ񣬷·֪ǿһȥˡ
ֱЩǿǼһҩ԰֮ŷǵĿѾ塪ҩѾʣ޼ˣʣµĶһЩݲҩɬ
죬ǿزǧҲʼʧһ¿ҪЩˣ
ЩԸɲԶطƵģ˵ҲǼ亱ơ
ҪǣƺƣҪҩ̫ˣǸƲ
˵ЩΪصģÿһ嶼
ƶʧʮջ
Щǵһʱ㽫ɵĿⶢҶΪ֮ǰûκʧԵ鷢
Դ֮󲻾þͷʧԵ¼ɵǲȥɡ
ҶѹͲ֪Щ£ÿ춼ڱչ꣬ȡһ޸꣡
ЩҶҲÿ賿첻ʱ򣬰׼һöһҩŪ⡣
ҶҲɹЩǰ͵ģ治ɫ˵ͮͮģԻͮͮŮһߵ̫ĳЩвʹ죬Ϊ˱ӣģ
ò˵ѵˮƽܸߣҶûٶ롣
һʿͲֱҩΪȻʯЩ̺Ԫʯֲһܲ˺пܻᱬ
Ҷûˣľһ޵׶һٶԪգõıűˡ
ȻûгǣҶϾҲҩûٹʣǰ͵ģʱԼζƵϾˡ
ⲻ֪ưǵͬʱҲͬҪҶΪڹĻŲĵĸҶߣ
ͨøŵͱǵʵǣԭɿݵƤëٴα͹ˮЩı仯ùǿǣ
ӰǾ޴ı仯ͲѲ³ҩ԰ʧԺ޵ʧ٣ԼƵʧԶѲ˹ϵ
Ȼ
ƺǸߵ·ǳûǿ߼Ŷûܳɹ
һϣϡڲ˯һ죬ֱҹŵĴӲվϵļݲݡ
ϵһ£̲סҪ쳤Ȼ뵽飬
ŲӴ˸磬һ˫ۻĴһ£ֲûʲô쳣ŰһΡ
鷢ˣԭСţСİϷ·һСһֻСèСһԶһԺ伲ɹȥ
ǵĽŵ棬صʱҲûз󴩷Խõľƽڡ
ھƽѵзӡҪϢĴȥǳѣⲢѲסǡ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ȻʵôƺͷӡоԳƵʦģһ˫צӲϵػһâڷӡǰ
Ƭ֮󣬰Ǳƽ˷ӡûдκνƣҡڵƽȥ
꣡
ոսƽѣǱܾһٴ˳
Ȼ
˱죡

һŽĴ˲ֱӽ档
οĶܣ޳ܵ
ǿߴӾƽ߳һֱӽ廨˸ʵʵ
˭ѽΪʲôסңô
Ǳץ˸У֪²ɱڵʿȴ¶һ޹ӡ
֪ô
һԯ꣬۶ŰǷʵ
Щ죬ͽ˾о˰ǵһЩԹɣ֪϶ŵġ
ٽļҾƽѶѾˣΨһûʧԣΪ϶Ҿƽѵġ
ܵĲãȶھƽãŰײҲ޵
Ϊ°ǽƱ磬ûȶ֣ǵȰǽƽ֮ٶ֡
ΪƻھƽѾˣץ˰һУ
üͷ壬û˵ǵŰǿڡ
ļƻЩ¶ǰǸɵģҲͳͷһپˣҪҪҶǣнڽⷢӣҶϳȥֱɱ
ǲ֪ļƻ˭
޾µ֣ܿƣ
ȻʽǲûҶ
ΪҶ׹ȹһߵ²ߡ
֪ˣ֢϶ιġ֢ǺǰλһᣬǲΪ͵ȾưɣЦǰôȾأ
Ĳ˵ɷн£·ôһԯͽ˸òѪ
εÿб£ȻϢƽ岼µĽơԯŭؿŰǡ
ʲôȱһ٣Ӳǻޱ͵˲֪٣ҩǲ㱻ɨˣ
갴ͲסֱӶ֣һɫĴƺݺݵڰǵͷϣðǣͷת
ס֡
ֹ֣ɭȻĶ԰˵ͲýƱˣҲûãҿԲ׷Σ뿪
ʲô˼
ǾĿŽʵŽƽ޹ʵطŹͬʱҲ֪ʵǿǶ֡
֪һжģҲıֻͷıִֻߣα˶أ
ѭѭգһǽҶ
Ǻ侫
һĻ̱˽˼
ðɣȻѾϤһУӲҲûˣû͵ģǸҶСӱôģδҪҩˣָԪ͵Ҳע⣡
ԥһջǾЭͬʱаҶСӰԲסˣΪɱֻ֮˵ıˡ




1249 ݺ
ڽյ£֮£ֻýҶԼڹ
һ˵ǵˮ©⽫Լ˵вȵܺߣδҶ͵ҩṩǿݣ
ܺãʶʱ񣬷ģһзִģ
õԼҪĴ𰸣ȴûʵԼŵԣǷŵǶʹ˸ɫԼ뿪ˣȥҶ
٣
ԯ˲ضԱýʵʵİһЦ׷׶Űǳ֡
㡭Ǹʲô
ȺС˸ӣȻ
໣໣
ǱòᣬһӴܣһŭԯ˵ĹУʱҽ
ȻǽҪƵҶȥˣԯȴ֪ºҶ¹ϵ󣬶İԼġ
͵ôޡҩƣǲһʵѳڶ
Щ궼򵥣ʵǿ󣬰мܵûУֻӲͭƤǣˣۻǻ۵ġ
Щ˽ǽų֮󣬰Ѿ࣬ûһطۣ
Ǹţ
һݻȥ
٣
ԯЦһߵİ˵ڰ㰡Ҷļһ˶ûУ϶֪ҧģͻΪǱƹ㲻Ѳҧģʲһ
̵Σ޳ܵļһ
һ򣬲ˤаһ䣬Ѿ⣬䵥ʱԼһҪ
ǸӲϳԿƿ

һУҶһ֪
ϣϵ޸ܴꡣ
ʱ޸ÿҹҶռһʱѾȫָˡ
ţ
ͻȻҶʶ˿Լ߽ӽܸӦǿҵɱ⣬ʱһ
֪Щ˶Լðǽ񣬼ֱӵĺܡ
ৣ
ҶȻ֪Լ˭ս׼
Ҷģҹ
ûнݣֱԺȣҶԼ߳Ҳ֪Ҷ϶ӦϢˣʵһ
񣿡
ҶһʵֲȽֵĻпѾﵽͨˣԼ߳һ󾳽ࡣ
ĿǰʵǽĶ֣
Ȼ
ѾɱſˣҲܹڷﲻȥ
Ժ󣬾͵Ҷ߳ͬʱŮͮͮǿ߶ҲӦϢ׷߸Ϲ
Ҷģָʹͷǣ͵ҩ͵ޣ͵ƣҴͷȻˣԻ֣
ΪȻȴҲ֪ռס֣Լȡ֡

˵Ե֮󣬽һƵҶȥһɫĵâСԺƾ˵Ҷ£
ס֣
ͬʱһ߳ţһӰХӲĵâˡ
漴ͮͮһ˪ĳҶǰԽ˵˭ҵĿ˶ˣ
ָͮͮʹͷǣ͵ҩƽ͸ܵͷͷѾˣѵҪ𣿡
ɫ࣬˫ۼݺݵضҶƺҪҶ̻ˡ
ಡ
ŽĻ£ǿҲ½ˣܶ˶վ˽ߣʾ֧֡
ǿ޷ᲢۣǸ߸ϵģ˾۱ܹΪǴܶϢƷ֮⣬Ƕκ嶼ûʲôøУ
ȻˣҲһЩǵǿվͮͮһߣ岻Զıչ綼ģӴһûл
Ҫǣ磬Ȼ塢岢棬ԾΪףôǿԽԣҲܶӶ
Ͼ廹ռ˾һ۶ѣһ۶ûС
ҲҶɳ飬϶ǶߣǶƭˣ
ͮͮؿҶһۣҶһƽٴοڡ
ͮͮΪһ˫˵۾ܹ͸һ˵ıʣӦòдҲȷʵҶʹˡ
ͮͮ㲻ҪˣһԱΪʲôһ˵
ɫ粻Ǵ򲻹ͮͮĻͶˣԲ˷ϻ
ΪսĺᣬԼֻҪľ˵ϻȭͷӲ
ǿ֤ЩʧԵ޺ҩҶָʹͷ͵ģ
ԯ˰ǵҲˣΪ֤
СӣЩô죿ԯ˳ֺ̲סѵ
䣬ʵⲻһսĻ취뿪ҶӦ
СӣҪʶʱͮͮŮӦϲģӦԼݣʶĻ̹ҿý粻Ϊ㣡
ʱҶͻȻһʶ򽪿ߵ˿ȥֻһӢԼգ۾
Ǳˣԯ磡
вҶûзϣѾˣ˵ʵǰʵֵĻʥ̥ڶѣĶ֡
˵Ļû𣿲ҪǶ֣߲ˣĺѿ
ҶûлӦԼԯʶҶв
ѪˣţҶ£
ͮͮɼԼжϣֳնʱýһֽŵϢʱпչһս
ͮͮȻ壬Ϊ幫ϵŮʵԶڽ֮ϣһûĶ֣һЩһǿߵδʤ
ðɣȻ֣Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ͮͮĬƬ̣ӦĿתҶȻͮͮ㣬ͮͮҪսǸ˵Ļͽҵս

仰ԳڣֳʱһƬ󻩣û뵽ȻҪ
ৣ
һ˲䣬˵ĿⶼҶϣȴҶӦ
ǺҶӭսĻ϶ɱ֣
㡭
ͮͮҲˣͬû뵽Ȼ³սҶⲻ۸
Ҷʥ̥ڶѣʵĵ崫ȶѷɫ
ս񣿣
ǰһս쫷һϯҶ




1250 Ҳֻ
ҲӦսذɣ
ԽǿսҶڻؾ
Ϊ֪ԼĿǰǽĶ֣ΪһʱӦսǺ¡
οƻδȫָ

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ʿû뵽ҶȻ̹Ȼؾܾսܾս͵Ǳ䣡
һЩһǿȴڰеͷҶǵģʵ̫ˣӦսĻѿ
Ҷû뵽ˣȻܾ˵ս㻹Ǹ˵϶ȥˣ
Ҷˣͽ綯ֵûС
˲ͣϽɣ
žֳ䶯ˣǷ׷׳ҶֵûУ֮Ϊʿ
ԯΪûг㽫˵Ļȫ˵˳ҶǸųӦսĵûУ㲻Ϊʿֱڸʿߣý̫ĻûϵԸҴһֻŰ㣡
ˣ
ͮͮǺֹԯ˵ȥ˵Ҷ˻ûȬʱսǲöˣһöأӮһ˵ʲô£Ӧеı𣿡
һ˵Ҷ˻ûȬЩʱưˣǶߣȻԸһ˵˶֣ʤ֮䣬ҪǰˣǾ͸ˡ
ˣԺͮͮԶһ㡣Ӧ֪ԶϵûнĻջúܲң
ԯʶҶвҲеǳ⣬ҶȻˣҪ֪ʿ궼ǺܴģЩطǿ֮⣬һˣ޷Ȭ
ʹͷǻˣѵ¾˲ɣҲҪǵĳͷ
ԾɲŹҶҶһ޴вȻ۾ȴϹȻܿͮͮҶһֱ㺡
ôͮͮǲٴɫûжù
ʻգֶҲҪɱҶԾ󻼣
Ҹղ˵ĻѵͷǵΪҶûκιϵԲʹͷģ
ͮͮάҶԼ֪ԼΪʲôЩ죬ԺоֳҶദĵεΡ
һʱ䣬ͮͮ뽪˽ֲ£ܶǿ߶Ķˣշ
Сӣǲ֪ô
ͮͮСĿûҲܻ壡
Ѹ˽ľд󲿷˶׷ָҶͮͮǵָΧ֮ڡ
ЩȻĳϣȴͮͮܶ࣬Ҳһ˲˵ĻǾ޼ɵˡ
ԽԽˣҶͮͮߵ˵һ͹˳Ҷ˱Ͼ󲿷嶼ǳ⣬кܶ඼ǶޣƵĿǲҶĻˡ
Ů˵лͲôһʿı죬ֲ˽֪ǻǵΪָʹأ
һ߱Ҷͮͮ˵ı𳤣ͮͮŮҲҷĻ
˻һЩǶʱҵĿɽһٴָҶף͸øҪΡ
ϳȥĿռС
ϳȥ̫ˣӦýūۣūǰˡ
ûôУһ֮ûôס

Щ겻ϿҶͬʱһԶҪˣԻȥҶСĹͣԲģ˭˵£洦ã

˵ʼնû¶棬ȴסֳˣЩʱֻһԹĶҶ
ҶһҲûЩ˵Ŀ⣬˼ţ˵еλߣΪʲôԼ˵
ûд𰸣ҶûκɣԼһĳʥػߵĴˣûκιףĹŹ֡
ϼһﲻ򵥣Ϊ̫ˣȻСҶ벻Ȼͬʱ
Ҷüͷһ˼
ͬʱһܵС
һ뷢԰ףƵ߰ϣʵص׼ôˣ
棬׼ˣʮͿԿš
·һСһЩ߹ػشۿǼƤ׷һۣǰ˾Сһ
ܺãСһȤȻ츳ˣ̫԰ˣۣҪĥ£ҪۣСһһĥʯ
ϵ˵СһܹҺ¥ųԱ񣬱Ȼ֮ҵҪʲô֮
棬ҲоҶ򵥣Ͽܣĥǵĺ󱲣᲻Σգ
ȻĥǣȻҪиֵľ򣬷ǵĺ޷ɳ⣬Ҵν֮ͿƬռ䣬úǳȥһ۽硣
ϵƺ¶ĳ־ģشվ˵СνѵġȻҪĥº󱲣ԾҪʧ͡
֪ˣ棬ҶоأǸô죿Сѯʵ
ʱ˵ɣͮͮѾͷ϶ΪȡһʱѾͷһ£Ҫˡ
о˸ӻ֣ˣȥæɣҪú飡

Ϊ߳һǿ½뿪ˣôԸҲҺԿԽΪһȴ
~
ЩһǿˣͮͮһⳡֻӦܹˡ
Ҷͽ֣Ϊ̫˽⽪ʵˣҶûκʤ㣬ԱûС
Ҷģˣ֮־͸Ҵһʱһ֮Ĳж󣡡
ͮͮʱ򣬽ȴǺܲģҲ֪Ҷ鷳ǲˣºݻҶ֮ս
ž߿˼ôͬҺξһս
Ҳֻ
ԽӶƣҶӦ




1251 ʥս
ͬξһս
Ҷ󣬵ȴڳˡ
ৣ
һЩûüԶǿҲ׷ͣ˽ŲؿҶ
ƬյĿռУ˶֪ӵսѪͬ޵УԽһСҲɽֻܡ
ǿ屾ϱ壬ͬԲĶ֣
֪ڸ˭˵𣿡
һܹģ
ͬ£һֻҲ㣡
֪ߵغ񡭡
һʱ䣬ԯ˷׷ŭ⣬Ҳû뵽ҶȻð˵˴󲻾Ļ
УͬһĴڣսĺᣬѪϹսѪս˫ʱڵĴ֮⣬޵С
Ҷֻʥ̥ڵСʿ˵²һսңҶ껹ܵˣ޷ǿս
һУΪջ
Се˼
δ뿪Щһǿ߿ҶƳԨsŵӣɵ˺֮ģĺ֪Ҷƾʲôš
½Сӻ᲻ѹԼʵһս
ҾòܣСߣд֮־һܴʥ̥ʿһսսʤ˶ԷҲʤ֮䣡
֮࣬ЩһǿҲ̲ס϶񲻻ѹƾһս
Ϊ̫˽⽪ˣ֪Ը񡪡òһ
ϣԣһ㶣ɫø۶Ҷ˵ʲô
ͬĻھͿһս
Խ˵ƣҶûаη壬ٴοڡ

ЦضҶ˵治֪ţͬ£һϣֻҪһ֣ͻΪ촷ˣ
Ҷģ첻úýѵһ㿴ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ԯһЦǰͮͮǰ֣ܶͮͮ²õӡģûĹˡ
Ҫ˵۸㣬ҽʵӡȣһս
ԯ˵ţʩչطԼʵѹƵʥ̥ȵľ磬ؿҶмЦɣҿ㾿ʲôʸ˵Ĵ󻰣
Ҷ㡭
ͮͮû뵽ԯ羹ȻͷҪ潪һսЩǵҶȥϾҶ˻ûлָܺԯһս
޷
Ҷͮͮһĵ񣬲ļᶨСԺ룬ԯվ
ɲǼ䣬һɱΧڵҶݲݡ
ЩҶݲݱɱֱӽ飬ҷ𣬻ûж֣ǹɱ֮ѾΧ۵ľˡ
Ҫ˵۸㣬ȳְɣûгֵĻᣡ
ԯһɣҶָûнҶ
ԼӡԼΪҲɽҶܡ
Խǿ츳һӵвʵͨ
ԯһУȻ񣬵ҲսʵΪס
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ҶףһȭԯȥҵâγһʵʵϽɫȭͷȥ

Ҷһȭ𣬼ΧԪɾˣٱ
ѹ˵ͬ²ͽһսأȻмʵ
ҶһǣΧЩһǿͫ׶÷Ŵ֮¶˼𾪡
ЩԭΪԯսʤҶ꣬ɫ䣬һɲԤӿͷ
ƣ
ҶһȭԯҲһȴûжǻȭӭ

ԯͬһȭɫȭâγȭͷҶϽɫȭâݺײһ
䣡
һΧսǿĸ꣬ҶסС˲촷ۣΧôڿ񱩵¾֧һʳɷ飡
ЩΧ۵һˣ˽ͮͮԼһЩһǿ֮⣬ȫ˵ǧ֮ս
һ֮£ƽɫҶԯ˭Ҳûռˡ
˶֪ⲻ̽ԵĽ֣ûгȫ̽־жǿ
սǰңΪӣԯسɱУҶҲ϶֡
ɽ
ԯһ˫ֽӡһ׾ɢźϢĴɽ˫г͡
ԯ˫ֱɽݺݵҶѹ¡
ȭ£
Ҷһͺȣʹȭǿȭ£ҵȭâɫ׵磬ԯɽȥ
䣡
һ죬𳹷Բһɽ屻ݺύѷ졣
Ҷһȭɽ飬ԪɢڿС
ͬʱҶһϽβһ㣬ݺݵسԯ磡
飡
ԯ˫ۼסҶıȣԼҲɳȥԶһʯײ֮ͣ
飡
飡
飡
ҶƲˣչֱ׷ȥȭŲãԯѹŴûһ˿ֵĻᣡ
ЩѾɵˣһ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻ˺£Ȼͬȫѹԯ硣
˵ǳ
ΪһֱǶΪ岻ˣû취徺
ͬ£ɱͬ練ƣͬµ޵Ķ֣֮ǿһۿɱ档
Ȼ
ҶȴʥսȻԯѹƵģֵĻᶼûС
飡
֮ҶѰҵյһȭԯɡ

ԯһңˡ
û
ԯˣ
ᣬǿҲҶǿˣ
Ҫô
ҶһֱԼûȫ֣ղһشԯ硣
ȻĵϣĽԯɱˣЩϼһһ쭣ͮͮҲס
ˣ
ԯ˼㣬ԭΪ׵ĽҶսܣɱû뵽ŰľȻԼʱŭ
һȣŭͷԵԯ磬ȫ˹أֱӽ⿪˷ӡ
һ̡
һɿֲϢϱŷµɱһŴһҶ
ҪȫսҶ




1252 췽ҹ̷
⿪ӡԯֲޱȣһoڿУһȦɫĹâӳеƮݳ
˿̣ԯһڻָԭʵ֮ϵҲˡ
һ˲䣬Χ۵Ĭ˭û˵Ҳ޹⣬ᣬȻһͬ¿ŰȥӺδ棿
һҪҶɱ߳Ƭռ䣡
ڳһΪ˱סҫƻԴСҲ˲ˡ
ʷɳɹʿдģֻҪҶɱڴˣ˭Ҳ֪£ЩԾܹһǿԽС
Щһǿ߶ĬԯΪûгֹȻϣԯܹҶɱ
ͮͮ󼱣ԯŭ㻹ҪҪ˵ͬսΪν⿪Լķӡ
ⷬһΣ
ͬ£Ĵ˾ȻһСʿĶ֣ǵܵصĴ
ԯҲɫһ䣬漴ǿӲ˵ôֲ˵ģһ϶ѣھȡ˭ң

£ԯһҶȥɫĴǵأ£ʮҶӶӲ
úã
Ҷһ˿ûΪԷسŵ˽Խ⿪ӡŭսֱһϽ׵սһȭӭȥһ֮һȭͷ֮ϡ
¡
ɲǼ䣬رɫƾž׺Ȼը죡
䡪
һ̣ȭâнɫƣһ졣

󣬰һҽУԯٱˣɫѪ죬Ҷֲһȭͷˡ
ɫѪڿУ˴Ŀģ
~
Щһ𾪵ؿǰһУƺԼ۾

ͮͮҲǾŴӣС죬ҲûϵҶʵȻ˿ֲ൱ʥ̥ڵԯ磬Ȼһнˡ
Ҷѵ岻ɣôôǿ󣿡
һЩһǿ¶˳˼ı飬ǿҶѾȫԽ壬пĳĺ
Ϊֻǲܺһϸ£һ廹û˿ֲǵģֻĳЩ춯صĴпдѪ
⿪˷ӡΣȻҵĶ֣
Ҷڷɫ׵Ӱʥ̥Ѿʾˡ
⡭ⲻܣ
ԯŭѣתܿѵĹͷϣѪҲˣнһһսС
ȥ
ԯС󣬳˰ܸս֮⣬˵ģǵһαˣŭʧȥǣݺһҶȥ
ս汲սżм񵽵ģѺۣǲɶõ
ԯóս꣬Щٴι
ҶģˣսײһҪɱˣ
ܹƵ÷ʹս꣬Ҳ԰ˣ

ԯɱһҶû˿η壬׵ǹûóһȭӭȥ
ϣ
һҶȭͷս֮䱬񱩵˺գһС
ڿдս˿ѾݲеĲˡ
ˣԾɽڵһСɽˣֱӱ촷ۣ
򣡡
ҶһȣʥڵĻɽһ㣬ϷϽɫĹâһɫԯ粻¡
ȭ£
Ҷһȭս֮ϣ԰ȭķ춯ء
꣡
һ죬ԯսӲҶȭˡ
飡
ţҶһɽͷһײԯٴײɳȥѪһ·
ԯ粻νǿΪ壬ͱʵϸ߳һС磬ȻҶʥ̥ڵǿ߶ɱȻ
ʣǴɣ¼ûʲôܴƣ췣У֮ͬڣû˱Ҷľǿˡ
һ£ԯܴأ㱻Ҷ壬Ѿ˺üҲάڿзˣҽŵ˵ϣһƬ̳
Ҷ˼ɣһϽս׵Ӱ壬ٳԯԣʵҪô
㡭
ҶĻҶǰȻԯûһһֱ˹ȥ
һĻһɫ࣬ݺݵضҶҪ̻һ
ͬʱҲе𾪣ҶľǿúǸոʥ̥ʥ̥ڶѡ
ԯʵĻѾﵽʥ̥ڣҶ߳һ磬ڼ屾ͱǿ
һ£ԯܣǾ췽ҹ̷һʵ
⾿һʲôʣȻǿ̫˼ˣ
ҶıһЩһǿ𾪣̶˼Ժʣȴûһܹǿ
ѵ֮һȫµʳ𣿡
һǿǷ׷ײ⣬Ǵû뿪սżûдʴ˲֪һֲʡ
˲űŲȴֻ˶ѣʷУЩе˴Уγ˴оԶʥػߵ塣
ЩϵĴУһҴбżǿÿһнܳų֣ǵҡ
߳ǿ߶ӵа˵ս޵УجΣ嶼Ը͵ҵĴⲫǻᱻŰĺܲҡ
ҶѾˣ飡
ʱͮͮòԲˣΪܵҶŨҵɱ⣬ҶĽԯɱˣƱ߲Ƭռ䡣
ԯүүԯʯһ͵ĻӣҶɱˣưոݣ
Ҷȷԯɱ⣬ҲһԼɱԯ磬µȴԼֻڶȲ
ᷱϢչô꣬ǿ߱ˣ֪û߾ǿߣ
ͮͮ˵Լþ¿ת뿪
Ҷ㾹˷ܣҪܱ𣡡
ڰͲסˣɱ̽һֻɫĴҶȥ
飡
ɽ嶼һŮ֣ͮͮһָһӨĹâס˽Ĵ֡
ɱһ϶ѣͮͮѵңһûκν𣿣
˫絶ɱȻ




1253 ȡ
㲻־Ҫһ𣿼д֮־Ӧùƽ˼һսǿǴӦеķǡ
ͮͮüŽ˵
Ҷսе𾪣ã㽪ͬ磬ҲδؿԻҶ
٣֮ͬսҶԲ֮ǣ
һ϶ѣһˣҵĶЩ߳Ĵˣûʸҹƽһս
ʮ㣬˫֣һµ̬
һͨʿҹƽһս̸ʲôĴۣҿ߳ƬռĻᶼûС
ͮͮĻ˵˺ܶ˵ȷзǳɫǿߣĿһеĿȴҲһЩ˰в
Ҳ죬ûκҵΪڣ
ɱɭ˵˭ͬ޵еսᣬǱҵģɱɱսսȻŮҲܲң

˵ţٴҶ֣𶯣ţoһ㣬ƻҶնȥ졣
ˣ
Ůִ̧ͮͮһƬӨĹâˮķնڿУΪ
ڴˣ㶯𣿡ŮͮͮĿ
ͮͮΪŮʵǿȻκβ㣬ɱˣδס񲻿һŮͮͮˡ
Ҳǳѻ˶֪ϲͮͮͮͮǻҶŴκ֣ܲλ󶯣
ΪǣԼˣбȥɱһʥǼʶһľŴƣҶҲջˣ̲ס̵
㲻𣿽ԻضҶɱֱ
ĻҲ˵һָͷ㣡ҶЦ
ٺ١
ЦһƺܲΪսᣬͬ£Ҳɱ
ͬĻҲ͸㣬ͬ£ɱ׼
Ҷԣ˿壬˵УҪſڱտϣʥصʥУ϶磡
ϣҶҴԲѣ
Ҷ仰̼ĲᣬһӢĮޱȡ
гλۣ߸ϣһҲûֹ˭ϣҶ

Ҷ˻һڽԻȻ
껹һǿ߶ɵˣӣҲ˵ϣ
ȻѾû˴ۣɴڣµĴҲ۷Զǿ
㡭
Ҷ仰ҭòᣬһʱȻ
˵Щͬһս𣿡
ЦʵҲܶģܽվѡȫʵСܣѾܳҵˣͬɱ㣬Ҳҵֻ֣ҲԸӱ˵İڲѡ
ͬ磬ҷ־ͿԽѹ
ԽֹƣҶҲŭˣǿƵס
ţ
ٴҶĻǽЩҶҲҶʵ̫ˣ񲻹ô˵սĺᣬ֮
ЩĶˡ
ЦƺǷҪɱҶ
αظһһʶ
һվ򽪿񿪿ڵҿʥ̥ھʵȡΪ籨𣡡
ʱԯ羭һǿߵľΣѾѹҪָûʮµǲеġ
ԣԯЦΪУԲűҶѹŴģȻ⿪˷ӡʵʱѾˣһʵӳĲ˳ɡ
һ콾һеţ൱ԸΪԯ֮ܣȫдɵģֻҪУȡҶ練ơ
˫Ŀ⣬תԼʵӡ൱ʥ̥ڵľ磬Ҷһ

ŮͮͮĻǰһղԯ粻عأԽ⿪ӡΪͬ鷢ӡʵɣ
ã
겢δܾԼķӡ⿪վƾͮͮʵӡʥ̥ڵľ硣
㲻ҵĶ֣ȥɣ
ɱڵ꣬Ҷûٳ֣ŭ
ɱ㣡
ˣȻ罪ʵǿ󣬵Ҳһ൱ʥ̥ڵǿߣ֮С硣
ҶôǿֻҪУɱҶǿġ
䣬Ӱ
꼱Ҷ
ž
Ȼ
һ̡
֣Ҷʥӿһӣһĳֱӽ˳ȥ
㡭ң
һſڣŴѪĴ˫ۼ
飡
ûлشâһҶȥһƣϽɫĴ̺֮ٴһƽɳȥ

ҽһɳȥԶݺݵڵϣſڵϣѪ
ҷȰ㣬Ȼȡ裬ֻԸƹҶٳ֣ޱ˵

귢һͳӵһ̷˼öҩ죬Χ˶оһս
Ҫɱ㣡
һٴҶڳһƴطơ
ѵ
Ҷ̾˿˫۱ǿâ֮ٴӭȥ֣һȭֱӽɳȥ
Ҷ飬ûɱ֣Ծɱˣͷˣľһ̯һ㣬ûµ´
һ˸еĲҶȻ΢ʵսʵ̫ǿˡ
˵嶼ҶǿôƽȻ޴棬Ҳûϣˡ
ôôǿ
ͬʱ֮ǰսżдҺ¥˵һǣȴеȡ
Ǻʿս֪ʿʥ̥ڵʱӦʲôս
˿̣Ҷսȫ߸Ƕ֪
㲻͵޺ҩţ죬ΪԼΪĴۣ
һѱҶˣҲͲסˣǵŮͮͮҲҪҶɱ
ӡԼʵҾ㶯
ͮͮΪȣҶʵ̫ˣֻʥ̥ڣȻܹԽսзɡ
ǷӡʵҷӡˣʵսӦʥ̥ϣԣֻҪӡʥ̥ھͿˡ
תԼʵѹƷӡ൱ʥ̥ڣؿҶ㲻еĵһʿҲһ߳Ƭռ䣬Ҫɱʥӣɱ崫ˣս֤ʬǶ֮·


1254 
ϹٳƬռǳǳϹȴһŴ̫ҹǳʯڿγ貵ǿա
˿̣ǿ֮£ҫ۵Ľ⣬һսٳڷսֱ졣
Ȼǿ󣬲սĺᡭ
ѹΪԾ˿µս⣬Χ۵˷׷׵ͷȷսʥʥӺ͵崫˵ʵ
˵ͬһսѵҪڲɣûͬȾսʤҶ
ͮͮƮƮһϿУĿŽҶʥ̥ڵľ磬ȴʵѹƵ൱ʥ̥ڵľ磬˫ʵԵȡ
һûģ
Ŀ絶ЦúúãҾͽʵӡ൱ʥ̥ڣɱ
԰գٴתԼʵѹƷӡʥ̥ڣĶͮͮ˵˰ɣʱĺܻɣ㵽ǲŮлûϹѪ

ŮµģŮϴ
仰˺ܶ˵ģмһǿ߸ǳŭ⡣
ŮͮͮŮͬѡٳģλڡ
ȻսᣬսٱҲŮǺص顣
ͮͮǸ̫嶯ˡ
˵ָ𣬽ȻѣǸ
һŭȻͮͮҶΪܷŭҲʹ˳׺ͮͮѡ
ϻ˵Ȼд֮־ǾҶͬһսɣǴҿ㾿ûʡ
ͮͮɫƽû˿ΪղŵĻŭ
ϣǰ
ٻӦͳͳսⶸȻ˫Ŀ䣬絶Ҷȥ
һͻ֪˭ϣҶӦһѵ
ۿҶӦսֲ·󷨣ֹΧƻ
ȾܶѪûȾսѪҪȾѪҶȻ֪ܻɱ񣬵Ҳ˷Ź
һ϶ѣȾѪգ֮Ѫ֮·
ЦɱֽҶɱ
һ涼˵ҶĹͣɱ֣һվͮͮߵͮͮʵ
ͮͮɫص̾˵ǸˣҲȷʵͬΪʵȽ֮ҪˣĻ˵ȥսһЩ־ڴ۵ʥʥӺ͵崫ˡ
Ҷ᲻Σգ
֪ҶͮͮȻģ֮ͮͮŲһĽ飬ǽĽҶɱͮͮưոݣǲ֮Լս
˵ҶȻǿϾʥصʥӣҲǵĴˣӵдսѪĽΣˡ
ͮͮһ֮ɫѴӦ˽Ҷ֮ͬսٳ

һȣһɫ磬ɫȭͷȻӳÿռݣҵĲ
䣡
Ҷ˿壬Ͻ׵ʥ̥ӰһȭӭȥϽɫȭͷΧ磬գ
䣡
ɫȭͷϽɫȭͷڿײһ𣬿ռ䶼һ޴ĺڶֲ񱩵ȫڶ֮Уûʲôǿƻ
ǿ
һҲΧ۵˾̾ѣҶʵȫµ
ȻǺٺ彻֣û߶ʵҲһ˽⡣
ǿͬ£ܹͽսƽֵĳ˵崫֮⣬ֻʥصʥˡ
Ȼ
Ҷȴһ֮ºҶսƽ֣𾪲ѣ
ѵҶҲĳʥػϴ߳ʥӲɣ
һ̣пʼɡ
е㱾£
ֹҶǿսٴýе⣬ȴȻʮ㡣
ৣ
絶ɫĴ֮ỮգգҶնȥ
׶죡
Ҷһȣһȭʥ죬Ͻɫȭͷն񱩵֮һ˴ǹ֮ϡ
ɽͷѣһ˸Źâƻ
ˣԾмɱϢĻΪ촷ۡ
ΧΧ۵һˣҽӽսĿ¶֮ɫ˿µĹֱʥ̥ڵʿܴġ
ಣ
һˣҶ˳˱ըģһ쫷죬oٷ
Ҳٵ˳ս˫⣬սⲻҶ̫ľȣȻܹԼսƽ֣ѵôǿ
һССҶ޷սʤʲôʸȥսʥӣʲôʸʶ֮·
û뵽ҶȻǿ󣬾Ȼܹͬսƽ֣ѵǵ崫˲ɣ
Χ۵֮г𾪣
Ҳû뵽Ȼܹͽսƽ֡
ǿ߶ΪҶһܵģսѪս£죬Ҷսʤ
ӡ
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ҿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
һЦɽ֮ϣɽһ־ɽ֮ϣɽӡ
ҿ
ҶѾͨ壬ʥԴԴϽˮһХâţ޷ֱӡ
ţҶ˫оɽʯͷаγһֱӽɽȥ򸽽һɽ塣
䣡
һ죬ƱɽֱӱˣɽҲʧ٣Ԫ
ȿȡ
ʯϵؿԣеսӷˣһеˣⲻ̡
ţ
ͮͮŻϿеҶ
Ҷ֣ɽʯ飬ٲֱʶҶֲս
ҶŭұѪȾգɢ
ŭˣδԹôĿΪһŴ֮־ǿߣսĺᣬһͨ嶼޷սʤĻôȥЩĴˣʥصʥӣ
˭˵ɣֵ׼£
ҶѪս졣




1255 ȭ
Ҷ̧ɽʥݽߣڳˡ
ǿ˺ܶ࣬۱ҲˣƬĿռһƽЩСҲûεӰô
Ϊ۱ķֲˣϼ縺ŽϢƬռе壬ͬʱҲ縺ŽϢ۱󣬶սȻҪעһ
ɱ
սѪڵĽһɫ磬Ҷ˹ȥһȭҶŴȥ
ΪսᣬҲԶһǿ߿ģҪҶڿգɾԼ
úã
Ҷչͬ򽪿ȥɫȭͷ˫ᶨĹâ
Ҷǲ壡
ľСɣ忰ͨ᲻ɴݣǾˡ
顭
˵ȭײһ𣬷һܼı죬ڿдһţɫɫĹâϱ۾˵ս龰
ҶͽһУ˭Ҳκβ˭Ǳ̬ʣͬӿȣ
ڽɫĹâ֮Уս
ҶֳһϽս׵Ӱٷ
ȭ֮䣬ռһڵĿռѷ죬񱩵ЩռѷˣʣµҲƻ⣬û̫ƻ
Χ˿գǴûмʥ̥ڵʿȻսһʥ̥ڵʿ¶޷˵ս
ͮͮһ㾧Ө͸⣬ˮ֮һǾսģ˹ನĻⶼϢĻˣ첻κв
飡
һȭҶļͷҵһͬʱҶҲһȭڽϣʱһࡣ
ս˽ʱٴηֿ
㾿ʲôʣȻԺɱ
񳹵ˣҶĿгžɡ
սᣬʱһ嶼ǿӦͬ޵еģҶȻǸ壬Բ
ûҪ֪
Ҷ֮ӿͷ˿ٻָٴ򽪿ȥ
ս޵еģ
Ŀ¶֮ɫһ·˲ը¶ǿĽɫ⡣

ҶһĳʥһϽɫĴ֣򽪿ȥ

һͬһƴȥɫĹһҶϽɫӭȥ
䣡
ٴδӦɳȥɫƲҶϽɫƣȻͬʱɢڿУҶһδˣȴ˳ȥС
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ž
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飡
Ҷ侪ڽǿ󣬵ȴȻ壬巢Ŀâ󲻿ԣһȭӭȥ
ɫϽɫȭͷɽգⶼסˣڴͶһƬӰֲϢ˾塣
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꣡
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Ҷʲôͷôǿ󣿾ȻܹսὪսƽ֣̫˼ˡһ¸ϵͮͮʵ
Ҳ֪֪Ѿ޳ͨ壬ʥɺԣֻû뵽Ҳôǿѹ֮ǰˣЩ׷ɱҲ֪ǿʶ
ͮͮ˻֮У뵽˸ռҶʱĵεΣûҶʵȻ֮ǿ
ʣǵĴ˵ĻǾ̫ˣܹѹսǿߴϴ֮·꾪̾
ҲҶȻʥ̥ڶѣʥϴȻ˿ͬļ᲻ɴݣ
ž
Ҷϳ֣žǿ̣Ͻɫȭͷͽɫȭͷϵײ
ǣռϷ磬ǳ£Ȼȫˣ
ΪսĺᣬѪǿȾ𣬻˸Ҷľ壬˿·硣
䣡
ٶһȭ˿֮Уڷ˫磡
Ҷͨ壬ʥԴԴСᡢϸѨеʥ̥һ۾Ȼ
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ͬʱҶԺиֳȭҪһ֣Ȼ
˵ȭǾսдľȭҷǳ£ûдﵽʥ̥֮ǰֻ޷
˿̣սУҶȭһʽ

ûκԥҶֱӺһȭ
ȭ
һδžȭ
ɲǼ䣬һϽɫȭͷͻأĳڿУâ˸һϵɽһ޿ƥУſµ򽪿
ʲôȭȻ˿ֲĹ
ɲǼ䣬ڳǿǶˡ
׵ضǾԼ϶Ӳٱһȭ
ΪҶһȭ֮ǰǿ̫ˣ
ƣ
ɽһɫȭͷХһ㣬ȫֵ
¡¡
Ҷһȭ̫ǿˣƾ춯أһӾͽû棬һڹȭݺ
ৣ
ԶΧ۵˺ȻɫҶһȭʵֲ̫ˣ˵ʥ̥ڵʿ¾ͨڵʿˣʩչͨĻҲܱһȭɷ顣
飡
սѪȼգ˫ۼâʩչ츳ͨȼһ㣬˫ȭ
ꡪ
ɽ飬зҲûãǽµɽͷӲףһء
䣡
ͽӲӲҶϽɫʥɵȭͷɢڿУɱһ·
һ˿ɫѪ
ˣ




1256 ս
ò˵Ϊսᣬʵǿᣬ֮ͬսȻԺҶƽɫνҶԴǿ֣ͬӺʥصʥӸǿ
ǿֲսһ壬£ս˫˵ĳЩʵҲѹ
ΪսᣬսѪ죬սǿͬ£ͬΪǿ߶Ķ֣һЩһǿ粻СҲпϳԿ
Ȼ
һˣҶóȭһʽ󣬻ˡ

һХ죬ʮԶʵʿ˫ʹЩ¸߿գǰһ󷢺ڣ
ŭˡ
ڷ˫ݲеĽ⣬콣գ
ŭҲûã
ҶɫƽȭһʽſŰ
£Ҷٴδ߶ȭķһϽɫȭͷٴγ͡

Ͻɫȭͷ췣ЮͿ񱩵׵ٴ򽪿ȥ
飡
죬޵УٴλȭҶϽɫȭͷ񱩵纣ХһӣµĴɽ˸һĻ
䣡
Ͻɫȭͷɢһ̣ҶٴλӶȭͷһȭҹȥ
Ҷͨ壬ʥ糱ɺԣԪȫѨӿ룬ģ
Ҷʥͱͨʿǿ֮ͨǲ־ս




ҶһȭȭĴһʥɵϽɫȭͷɽһն򽪿ȥ
ǿ
Զգڶǿſڽ࣬ĿɿڴҶĿǿһ
ͮͮߵǸ૵˵ģһ𣿾Բܺⲫúѿ
һΣͮͮû˵ʲôҲȫˣ
ҶչֳսѾԶԶʥ̥ڣȫԺʥ̥۷ʿ
ǿսὪҲܲˡ
Ҷһʮȭҵͷת򣬱Ƶòչֳս
ৣ
貣ѤĿһɸߵķ֣ͽһ޶һŴĽ
𡭡
չ˷Ľһ𣬷Ʊãһȭһɽֱӱˣƶס
ɽĽͨĿĽ⣬һСС̫һ㣬У̺űըԵ
飡
ºףƲɵһȭֱӻҶȭâϵƶ䶼ɢˣƶݻˡ
Ҷˣ
ɽûܱƵʹɽأҶҲԺˣ
չֳɽԶΧ۵Ƿ׷׿ڣΪҶ˷Ծްһɽû
ҶǼֹڴˣ
ಣ
һչֳɽҶ̸ıսչһԭһӰƵ񱳺
Ҷ˫ȭٴʩչȭʥԴԴ޴ȭͷݺݵ˽ĺϣ
ϽɫȭͷɽĲһ㣬ƾͿ˵սľ
䡭
촫Ͻɫľ޴ȭͷȺڽıϣֱӽúɳȥ
ͬʱϽɫȭͷҲױˣɼɽжộ
ৣ
ɽٿȻˣ·ƾʧһ
ã
Ҷףٶܡ
ʱ
ɽͨ˴Сٶȼͻ˿ռһ㣬һȭ
ҶмܣϽɫȭͷ֮ȥʯ֮ʮ
һЩʵ£Խʿ˫ѪЩͷ
飡
ҶȻסһȴȭؿڣֱӴɳȥѪһڣ
ӣ
죬쵽㣬Ҷٶȿ˲١
ǧٵӰϳ֣ɱҶ
ԿնգΪ˭ۣ
һǧ򣬵Ӱ㲻ǸģȴҶɱȥ
գӰһһ㲻Ľҫʮأɱ֮ؾˣҶ
ն
ֱۻ˳ᣬ쵶һݺҶ£
Ƭ̼䣬ҶϰУÿһжգӵѲΰȻգҶһӱɳȥ
ҶԲʥ߳ʥӺ͵崫ˣʸʶ۰
ս˶ڸ̾δֹһۣϣıһС
ò˵Ȼпʱ
ҶһսԵƾУȭǿĻΣˡ
սӹɣµս⣬䣬ս£жֵجΡһ˵
ܹ岻ܳɵ۵䣬ΪһλأԱߵһҲ˵
㼼ֹڴ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬ҶĮ˵˼
ûˣôܣ
ӵսѪǿôģ
˶⣬֪Ҷô˿񱩵Ĵ֮ԾɰȻ
һ̡
Ҷױˣȣʥ죬ϽɫӰ׺Ϊһ塣
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ǡ
˵пɵһף
ôܣ϶ףʽʹ˵еɱ̫ˣ
ҶϵףеһЩ߶ʱӲɳŵʹ۾˵
Ϲĺᣬкܶഫ˵Ѿˣﻹ׾ļ˵֮һ
ഫɱõףܹ֮´һɼɱķжôֲˣ
գȷҶϵײǴ˵еɱף׵ĻǾͲôˣֱˡ
׷˫͹ƣҲ
ˣ
Ҷȭ򽪿ȥϽɫȭͷʮգɫ׵粻ϴȭͷ
ûõģң
չֳٶȣһѳȭַΧһҶɱȥ
ô
ҶЦһ˫ŹðһȻ뽪ٶȡ
飡
ȭݺڽϣһӽҷɳȥٶϣҶȻռϷ硣
ôܣҵĲս񲽷䲻˵µһҲвܹҸģʲô
ޱȣٶһĽ쾹Ȼһоһ׷ˣĴǳ
ֲ
۱ɻĹâ૵˴˵еĻӰôӰأֲʧһ˰
ϲµûҶֲȷлӰ⼸˵ʱϴһײ
֮ǰҺ¥׷ɱĹУҶԼٶȻ죬һָĲ
ĹУΪĥûнײ
˵ʱϲŽײڸȫֻǲƪ
ô

ҶʵжӦ
ৣ
֮УҶһѸӽȭӡٴκȭ
¡¡
ҶȭֱӺ˵£˲䱻ݻ٣ѿһݺύ˰Զѷ죡




1257 ˭ϣ
ʵǿսᣬսѪȻһĶ֣ôܣ
Ҷֱֲ̫ˣ
ͬ¿һҲЩʥ߳ʥӺ͵崫˲
ԶΧ۵ǳӣǿ߽ĿһУŰ̬ҲԸҶʿ
ͮͮʲôҲû˵Ҷıָܴ;ϲ

Уٴӵ³㣬һ̫һ㡣
䣡
ͻȻ䣬Ƭռ䶼ؼƵһʥֲҵϢϢȻ෴ȴֺ϶Ϊһ̲סҪĤݡ
޾ɱƵ죬ڳ˶Ȼɫ·սս¹һ
ǡ
˶ˡ
ؿڽУһ˽ɫı˸ɱ죬˵꣬ʥֲҵϢ˱ġ
ꪣ
ܶ˶ȻɫһЩոõɫҰףЩֱӻȥ
ɣһսһ㣬ͨӲӣɢһ˾ηϢ
ǼϹʱһսսɱһ
ûȷꪣȾѪնɱĶ֣Զôױóˣ
ˣ˵ǷȻսᣬҲ׶ã
ꪽ˸ɢųɱ⣬ϹʱڵޣҵϢ·Χһ㣡
ⲻƽ㶯Ϲռˣ⻹ô򣿡
۱Ҷ֮ΨһһǿߣȻҶ˵ˣ򽪿˿顣
İɣӡܷӳĮش
ꪣ˵һֱսеһױħʤ
ûױȷӡʵﲻ۷޷⿪ȫ⿪ӡģҲһսΪ˲úĶԲߣֻսѪ˲Ӧʵ·ӳꪵӦ˾õûáͮͮҲͷһ¡
ɫꪺoĽãֳꪵĽսһ㣬ڷ˫磡
ȻԷ˱ҶȻҲӭУľȻǿ󣬵ҲһϹʱڱԶױӲӲ
ৣ
Ҷйâһ׵ǹУϹ磬ǹһ֮ǹϵһ㡣
׵ǹ
ԶΧ۵ӲҽϣʧС
׵ǹôܣȻõ׵ǹ
׵ǹϤˣԭռ䣬̻գ峤Щ飬Ȼ֪׵ǹĿֲ֮
Ѫ߲ս񣬵۹սһҲԶߵĶ֣
׵ǹߵʥȻֲ֮бڣӭУǽȫ⿪ӡⳡսûҪȥˡ
ԣⲻ׵ǹ׵ǹɽһʥ̥ڵʿõöģͨǿ߶δ׵ǹ
ܿ˿˶ߣǶ׵ǹ൱˽⣬˵ҶҪ˽⣬֪׵ǹж
׵ǹһ֮£Ϲ񿪱ٳĿռ䶼Ҫ
ѵĴģĵõߵĴУ
ͮͮüͷ΢΢һ壬֪ҶԩģǶʲô¶ܸɳҶߣˮˡ
ˣҶͽⳡȶû壬еǾԲκ˷ġ
ֱҲûֹⳡսԣǵ˼ý̽һ̽Ҷϸ
ɱ
ףɱ죬ֳꪣ̤նֶꪣͷҶնȥ
ҶɽĮûκα仯ִǹ˫硣
ৣ
£˿ռ䣬Сռ䶼չе涼Ӧһ
ʱ
ಣ
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ৣ
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Ҳһˣ˫һҶȥֱȡҶĲҪһɱ
˵һǧ˰٣
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ৣ
Ҷһܹɱһꪣ׵ǹֱȡ񱩵֮ҪϵΪ
ﬣ
ٺˣͬʱеꪺ׵ǹǹϣ׵ǹƫ
̶һ˲䣬˱㽻ʮУʤ˭Ҳκβ˭Χ۵ľ
׵ضκһҲӲҵĹҶϺͽ£ٶ似Ҳ˿ڽ񣬴Ǽ𺳡
Ҫ֪ʵͨҶ߳һ󾳽磬ѾʵѹƷӡʥ̥ڵľ磬ʵս顢似ӦñҶǿ
Ȼ
˾ȻôԾƽ֣֮ɼҶսжôֲˡ
䡭
Ҷͽ˴ӿдƲ֮ϣʮƣƲ㶼ɢˡ
׵ǹϽգƽ䣬˶Ǽǿʣһʱ佩ֲ£˭Ҳ޷ռȻ
Ʋ֮ϣִɽۣԾɲʤսѪս£Ҷͨ壬ʥɺԡ
䣡
һ죬ꪽɽ۵һƶסꪵһʱʯգ¡¡졣
ͬ
Ҷһȣ߱ǹеɱУһǹɽ۴̴һֲĴ󶴣ǰ͸

һ죬ꪺ׵ǹײһ𣬷춯صľ죬Χ۵Ѫڣĸꡣ
һЩʵ΢ʿֱһѪŻֱٴȥ
ɱ
ڷս죬˫߳ĹâֶꪼҶն

ҶȻ壬ͨʥԴԴ߱ǹ̴˲񷡣
飡
ţҶܹһꪣǹɨնֱɨڽĺϣɳȥ
ۡ
һѪսѪôǿҲסҶȫһʱˣ
ҶƲˣ֪ӵսѪĽжôֲһýعԼսʤͺˣƱҪһֽš
ۡ
£Ҷû˿ԥŲȻӰٸϹȥһǹ̴˽ļͷҽһѪգ
˭ϣ
Ҷħڽıϣʵ


1258 һͿ

ԶΧ۵ǳ׾ˣӹð
ôҲû뵽һսᾹȻᱻһʿܣҰܵʮң
Ը߰ǶԣһصĴ
ҶѵǵĴ˲ɣôʥ̥ھѹս᣿֮࣬һǿ
ܣĴûһˡݾ۱ϢԪһСɵĵӶѣԪǵŴѹȺۣն˹ھ֮λ
һ˵Լжϣ۱ϢһǷǳ׼ȷģȻ˵ҶʲôʥػϴڵʥӣҲǵ崫ˣǾͿ϶ǡ
һλߵĻȴҶΪʲôǿ
ȻʲôʥӣҲǵ崫ˣȴߵĴߣһĴڣ
ߵĻȻˣҶȻܹõߵϿɺʹУôʣʺԶϳ֮ʡ
⣬ߺųϣ֤ɵ۵ǿߣȻΪֲ췣û֤ʵȴǴ֮µĵһˣ
ҶõߵĴУҲǿԺ͵崫Ტ۵ģֻûеѪԴ࣬ǲݸ
ɱңǲġ
ҶһοˣþǴӾĵظдһ
𣡡
£񱩺һ˱ĿĽ⣬һҶ׵ǹӵԶ
ɱ㣬ҲҪ㸶һЩۣ
Ҷս죬ŲȻӰٴ׷ȥ
䣡
Ҷȭݺݵشϣֱӽꪴɳȥ
ۡ
˫ֻڱѣѪֱ
顭
ҶȭƵһȭһȭڽϣòϵɣڶ˽ɫѪ˿
սս
Ȼúܲңһ㣬˿£
ֻһȣҵɷڣڷѪɫһļµĺ
ǡ
սħ
Χ۵˳׾ˣ
սħһͨǿޱȡ
ҶǵһƵýʹսħʿ
ħ֮Ľ񣬽һַ״̬սɢɷħƣκʿ˵ġ
Ҷˣ¾һǿҲҽƵħľءһЩͬҶʿ̲ס̾ҡͷ
ǿҶԲڽħа
ħΣ
Ҷ˿壬ӭɱħƱȥϽɫȭͷ֮¶ϣݺݴڽ°ϣ
Ȼ
һΣҲһҶСͬʱ˳ȥ
ٺ٣ˣ
ȾŽɫѪЦҶɷħƣټһʱ䶼һ漣
¹˭ֻ˵
Ҷ֮˲佫Լڵɷˡ
򣡡
ҶһȭٴγϽɫȭͷ׵һƵϡ
սħħͨ죡
ͬһȭħ˲Ƭأʱ֣ȴ·˺ҹһ㣬ħҺ紩ħ
䣡
Ͻɫȭͷɽһգɢ˹ħƣͽȭͷײһ
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ۡ
һںѪɳȥײһɽϣ̻ڴɽϵķײһЩǶʯϡ
ҶҲѪڣ¾ʹѡ
֮⣬ĵʥ̥ģ֮ǰ
ΪһҶ㾡ȫȥģʥľ޴

ҶתԪԴԴĲγһԪ籩
ܿ죬Ҷٴս֮ͨΪʿĺô³־սͳսʥ಻Ϣ
飡
ҶٴչӰ˲ǰһȭ
ٴҶĹ޷֮ǰһӲ
ΪղŵĽ֣Ͽ˫˭ûռˣʵϣѾˣ
Ҷղһȭڴ˾Υĵƣȭͷϣ˺ֹʮ
Ҫ˵սħȫ⿪˷ӡҲδֵܵһȭǲɱġ
֮⣬սħʱƵģһʱ䣬Ҳûκս
ղҪһʤ㾡ȫ˿̸޵ֵ֮
飡
꣡
һ죬Ҷһȭнؿڣŷȫ뽪ڣ˽߹ǡ
ۡ
ٴһѪҲ޷άսħ״̬ɱħʧɫҰޱȣ˫ضҶ
꣡
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üѿ˲伤һ⣬Ҷüȥ
깥
Ҷ֮󣬽깥
⡭
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Ҷüͬѿһ϶һɫ֮Ȼɳ˺ХĽ⡣
ţҶ֮ʶһӽնˣ
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𣬻Ƶһкǧ
ô£
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սѾˣѾˣס֣
һЩ߼ҶҪ֣ʱˣȻǧ㲻ǣϾػսһĺᣬҲһŮ֮ǿһˣ򲻿ʧ
Ҷסְɣ
ͮͮҲˣȻʮ񽪿񣬵Ҳ֪ҶԲɱ񣬷޷
ҶҲ֪ɱ˽ĺ˽
顪
Ŀ֮£ҶٴκһȭؿȻ˳ȥ
ৣ
ɫޱ䣬˵һס񣬷ֽദѣѣήҲʮأްս
սѪĽ֮ͬȻܡ
úܶʿоôĲʵƻõĸо
ĿⳡսǾԲһ
Ȼ
Ȼܹҵһǧһ񲻻ܵɣʵʤ۱硣
ˣһͿأ
ৣ
һ̣˲ԼͬؽĿͶҶ
ǵĿʮָӣзŭҲ𾴣
ŭΪҶ̤Ľ
𾴡
ϣκһطǿܵõǵ𾴣һչҲ⡣
ӵ޾ǱŴ֮־Ľ񣬱ҶͬŰ⡭ζʲô
ܹͨĻԿԺ͵崫ˡʥʥһϳ̣ڻУûûԸѹʵͬһս
һ߿ڣҶߵۣҲûкҶ͵ʵ


1259 ı
Щ˵ĻҶδ⣬ŨԪ֮Уͨʥָǳ졣
֮ǰսУҲһЩˣʥĸǷǳ޴󣬴˿̷ǳƣۡ
ͨ£Ӻܿ˫âʥָ˲֣
һĻ˺Ȼɫ𾪣
ͬʱҲԶԶĿһУҶܹܽͬе𾪡
Сôôǿ󣿡
ǾԽ͸ҶˣܾҶһ
䣡
Զһ죬Ŀ˹ž죬ϵĹ˲ˡ
Ҷûȥ
֪Ȼ˷ǳԲʳԣٴγ֡
˿̣ѾϵķӡѾ⿪ָԭľ磬ɢļµϢ
ȷʵأ˿̸ٳˣҶһۣһ֣ɽеꪻһصС
󣬽һԲתȥˣҪȥҲܾˡ
һս޴棡
Դͬսδһܣȴܵôңǰܸһеϡ
ߺⳡսҲǳĻʿҲ׷뿪
˳ԾͮͮߵҶԣ
ҪҵҲòΪԼűĵƣҶЦЦ
һսضʱڲ鷳ˣ㻹סɣѱһЩСͮͮ
á
Ҷͷͬ⡣
ͮͮҶסһԺԺŹӵϢѾãǰרӴ͵ġ
죬ûҶս߱һаȻ¡
Ҷʱָĵʥͬʱܽ뽪ս
Դҵһս˵ʹ˻£սܡ
֮ܽҶףԼܹ֮֮ͬսʤҪ⼸㡣
ȣľСɣ壬ǿ˫ǺͨĽȣҲѷɫ
Σ߱ǹ꽣ǿ似˿ѷɫڽ
ΪҪǣڶսжȭ
̳²壬ȭ;ศɣԷӳǿĹ
һУǽĶ֡

ȻܺҶܣҲ֪ԼݺҶ¼¶ǵûǰȥѯʣ¶档
֮⣬֮ǰ޼ɵ͵ҩˣ
һ磬ͮͮҶס
ҶĽҪˣڴҪҪ룿ͮͮżɽʵ
ǵרǵĽأҷᣬȥʣ˰ɣ
Ҷͮͮ⣬ҲˣԵվҪԣԶѾ׼뿪ˡ
ѾΪȡһ㲻ҰװȡɣңвٵҩҩѵһҲĶ
ͮͮû뵽ҶȻܾĽأûлᣡ
ţ
ͮͮⷬҶһ
ʱҶʶͻȻϵӦĽкпϻ᲻ɴʧ
ϻ
Ҷһ
ѾǳʱˣһЩҩҩҲһЩ˽⡣
ϻǾۺԪģƾۻ굤ļζҩ֮һ
ȻŮʢ룬ұ㹧ˣ
ԭҶĨأ˿̵֪ܻϻ󣬵¸ı⣬ǰȥ̽
ŲΪȡһ
ͮͮҶӦǳģȻֽ͵ͻῪţһһµʱ䣬һɽѰ
ˣ˵ˣһ߰ɣ˵ͮͮ롣
á
ͮͮ룬ҶûоܾɣԷȹԼָԼȡһǷ̫ˡ
Ҷ֪ǣͮͮΪ˸˺ܴľϿȥ赭дһ仰ʹˣеļȴһҲûᡣ
Ľһֻ忪ţƬռĶ٣Ҫ˵ˡ
ôΨ˽ĽأҶǵĸ
ǰ˶ǴͷģһϹʱڵĴۣһǵǿĴˣߣ
һҶ
ʥ̥ڱصģҶǵһ
һɵζ֮Уһط
Ů
ͮͮˣýŮ
ҶĻû˵ͱͮͮˣô˻϶ǽŮģϲҶƺΪŮ̫֡
ðɣͮͮллľ֮ҲллΪһУҶעˮϵ˵
лҾֲΪлģͮͮ㲻ӭҶĿ⣬Ҷ˫֮㺡
ͮͮҽνĽص°ɣ
ҶܹͮͮеĶа̾˿תƻ⣬ó治̫Ρ
ͮͮƺҲ֪ҶΣ˳Ļ⣬Ϊ˽صһЩ顣
һ˵չݺתһרע
Ҵ˽ӣкܶ඼ǺҵģʱҪսˣ
ͨͮͮҶĽһЩ˽⣬ͬʱҲ֪һЩ˺пܻڽ
ֻڻ֪ǻȡʲôֶΣֻһһˣвУˮڡ
ΨһҶеοǣصĽƣÿ˵ʵᱻǿ涯ҲûԿ

һŵУһǿ˵ʲô
Щǿһ׾ǳ
СӵߵĴУȻƪһһѰʶǽ֮취סȻɱҪκ֤ݣ𣿡
ˣ
ǿаϲҶսܣʵʧʱڣǲܳˣǻһǿߣܹһ㡣
ƶεжһҪܣ䲻ҪͮͮѾͷ֣𣿡߿һĿˣĳ˵
İɣүүעģҶҲҪΪ籨𣡡
һеĵţƣʵڽ֮ͮͮǰΪչصԭ򣬴Ҷͽһս
֮ܿ˽˴սоʱȥҶȴүүסˡ
ʵԩһ϶ѣʲôƽһս
ϸûйƽ֣ʵǿȭͷӲǹƽ
ƵүүĵڶǿߣʵڣݵλԺա
ѾãϧϴʱûгʧˣֻŲֲƪûʲôãõ֮һҲûв
֪ҶߵĴ˵ʱ򣬱⣬ֻǳٳûг֡
˴ΣҶҪأ˻ᣡ
֮Σķн֮ڣֻҪҶӦòѡ
֮⣬õҶʩչȭ
Ȼ֪ȭʲô似óȭ֮£
ֻҪõȭߵ彻ǳҲ
ĿƵȥо˸


1260 
ĽزƬռУƬսżģҲǵսҵĵط
ڶһ磬ҶͮͮĹ㳡
㳡Ѿۼ˲ٵ꣬һƳѪʢԨɢŵĽ⡣
Ҷ¶֮ɫ⣬ֵķǳƺϵһ㡣
Ȼ٣㳡ȴǳûκһ˽ͷӶ
Ƭ֮һҲնǰ
Ȼȥѵ꣬ȴ׷ͯգɷǣɢſµϢǿ֮һ
λǶ˵ģĽÿһǧŻῪһΣܹڽǵĽ˵һʾ޴ĲƸ
ӣȻ󣬵ȴƽƽȵĴÿ˵Ķڡ
Ҷţס˵ÿһ仰
ߵ˵ڽ֮һرĵطųƽ֮Բɴ룡
ȵңҲҪȥ
͵Ҫ˶ʱ򣬰ǲ֪ܳŽأ
ǲȥɽˮ㻹ɣ
ҶЦõȰΪν֮мѲ⣬ɲŰһȥ
֪ǲȥɽˮҲû˵ҪȥɽˮĽأѵȥñȥ𣿡дʡ
ˣŰɣﲻ֪ҪֳʲôεһЦͬ˰ǵҪ
ţ
ǳԾѡ
ҶҲЩȻ
û뵽߾ȻɵشӦǡ
⻹࣬ҸǣҪСƱ̽Ѱܵǵʦүǵ̸֣һƬۡ
ৣ
ռ価ͷóһ񣬶ڿУ漴һӡâţֱӴƬռ䣬Ŀռͨһ
ֶΡ
Ҷ𾪣Ȼһص壬ֿռֶεȷ̾
ৣ
ջعߴһ߳ƬСռ䣬һƬ磬漴շսżĵشȥ
ǹʸصģǿ꣬շȻڻ£˷׷ڿն𣬸ǰС
ЩǿУҶȻֽҲڡ
Ѿȫܹ˵ˣһƬ֮Уo
ãĴڽ¿ٺˣһƬʯݺύѷ죬׵Ͽһ㣬սôҡ
Сʱ۵糸ķУڽӽսżģһɲҵϢڿлص
ôֲ꣬ҵսϢԾûɢ΢һоһʹ
һ·ϣƶûҶ鷳һĻû˵ҶƽĺȻűꡣ
˽ڸӲĴϣǰĿģǧٿףһ׸ߵɽһж˴ս֮С
ǹսȫһĻɶôǿƻ
Ҷа𾪣ϹʱڵȻһ壬ʵ̫ǿˡ
ȻѾ¹ȥˣԾܹԶʱڴӸĵɽĳ
㱼䣬Ҷƺ˵һսһɸߵĴһ̧֣һļֱӽһٲӭС
ֳּ̧̫ˣҶЩʧأƽ˶֮һ˿
ϣҶվڶ֮䣬û˿ı仯ʵȴ·صϹ֮ǰΪһĿ˵һҵս
ԿһȺǿߣֲ壬塣
Ϊڻ֮ᱣһЩԼеЩ˵ʵڲ塣
ҶһߴӰųħֳһڵᦣÿһ·˻
ߴӰȻ壬ǱȴһѪɫ˺ɫۼף϶壬壡
ЩܹϹʱڵսľʲô壿
ȥ˺δ
Ҷгɻ
ûд𰸣棬գɢħһǿ߾ȻԱķʽӲ֪ǿ˵
һâ䣬˴ɽϢĻ촷ۣħգ޹⡣
䡭
һ죬һƵӰûɴֱ֣ӽһɽһӡһϹĳ࣬ϳһ޴ѷ죬һֱʮԶ
һҵĴսûʤҲûʧܣϹЩ˵Ĳ֪ǿʯ٣ͬھ
ҶоԼڿУһУ˭ûз֣ڿлһ˼֤ⳡŴս
գһ˵Ĳ֪ǿߵ£֮Ѿ˵Ϲǿĵվ˫⣬ҶڵķƺܹţҶĴһ
ˣħδ𣡽Ϳˣ
˵꣬ǿ߻ţţһ̫һȻԱգħĲѩһѸˡ
ţ
ҶȻһǰһڣѸٻָʱһ־һɫĹ񽥽ųâ
Ҷ֪ڴ򿪽صĿռ䣬ǰĿģ϶ǽء
νĽأпܺסĿռһһСռ䣬ͬϹʱڵĴ񿪱ٳġ
Ҷ˿ߵˣǾȻ˿û˵ҪôûоԼղŵǶľҪôѾϰ־
ԣӦǵһΪǵ궼Ǻܴ󣬽һǧſһΣǲܾ
˵ǾʹûнӴأȻǽصıԵûµĻǵĳҲ档
ΪʲôҿԿϹħս
Ҷоɡ
Ϲʱڵս񼸺ѾΪ˴˵Ҫôûʷ֮УҪôǾεĴ˵ѾĿȫˡ
ղţĪؿ˵һսĳ
ȥǿ߻վķһۡ
Ǹо·ܹһ㣡
һУֱ˼
䣡
ҶȻһ촫
һ־꣬ɫĹâţǰȻһ䣬·һƬﻨɽһ㣬Ѿ˽֮С
⡭
ҶȻ𾪣ֶμֱ죬ɽӣһһ磬֮أϹʱڵĹȻֶͨΣֱ˼顣
һƬĿռ䣬Ǹģɽﻨ㣬뵵ԪΪҺ塣
ϹʱڵԪȻŨֱ˼飡һž̾
ȥͰûʲôΣմڣΪʲôҪΪأܹĻĻ϶κεطҪѸ١
Ҳ˵ﲢûʲôΣգһƬľ
䡭
ĺͻȻһ죬漴Ѹٸɺԣÿ˵ʵ򲻳ȥˡ
ô£ҵԴȪôɺˣ˾ֵĴС
ҵҲǣòͨˣ
ЩǸ⾪֣
һʲôӣ
ŭ֮ǰѾ˵ˣУÿ˵ʵᱻȳȥ֮ͺˣ




1261 عž
ѵһ֮ͨЩǶʱһ
ʵϣ֮ǰǾ˵ˣʿҲ⡣
˵Ͼֻ˵ǻûзϣ˿ܵްĸо֮ǲ֪ǶôĿֲ
ͷ߼龰ҲЩĲ̣ɫŵǲҪΪƽġȻﱻأȻɡɱΣգǧ򲻿ɵģ
ЩҶ֮ǰҲͮͮ˵гΣգиǿޣЩڽУ޷ֻޣ޷С
Щ޵ǿҲǳʿ֮Щԭ̫ǿޱܹвʿİȫˡ
ӵڽѰұҩҩȻҪĿģʵ޷޵ĻɲҪҩҲҪȱ֤İȫ
ߵԭ˵ǣģģǶſδϣͿˣ򲻿Ϊһʱ̰Ķ
ˣ˵ĻҶѾˣǿȥˣסǿȻҪЭͬսȴҪһҪŽᣬҪһͬ飬𣿡
ϣһ֣ȥصѰҩͱҩ
ƺͽվһټԯˣѸһС塣
ҲѣһСŶӣΨҶûһԸһӡԭأ
ҶһӰɣ
˵ſҶЦʱͮͮ˹Ķ飬ʱĳЩ˵Ĳ
ŮĶ鲻ӭһ롣
ûһ϶ѣʲôʸǵŶ֮У
ͮͮڵǸСŶӷ׷׿飬Ҷ
ףΣķֻŽܸõڽ棬ɵҩǹҪҶӦδ֪ա
СӣԵôôΰ
ֻ˵ԵΣǿˣȻûԸһֻһˡ
˴˱˴ˣҪһӣ˵ˣһҵģԵ޹ʵǻ
ҶȻҲսƣûԸԼһӣͰǾͳûҪѵˡ
ҶҲ֪һʵûʲô۴ʦģбҪȴԤ롣
ء
ǳһɫƵĶҶ˵Сʲô˼ˣҲȹƽˣ˭ҲǷ˭ģҪǿǿķϣΪ˭ԸӰ
ͮͮҲˣĶʮֲӭң˰ɣҺϰһӰɣ
Ҷͮͮĺ⣬ŰѡһʼǰϣܹҵһЩҩ
ҪԪԽԽֲˣÿһҪԪԲʯҩͱҩЩ̺ؾԪĵرҲĿ֮ڡ
һһҲڽջȥɣ
۰
ˣĽأܹģ
ҶŰȥЩǿ̲סһҶԲܻ߳ء
β¶ˣͿʼ̲ס𣿡
ҶаЦֱΪսޱȣǿ˭֪ǲϵ
ǸһϳԿ̷óóûéޣôһŨҵĳƨζأ
ۣ
Ҷ̿ǣ˵̫ˣⲻڷƨ𣬻˵ޡ
˰ǵĻһ겻⣬ɻĳ鶯±ӣûгζ
ͣ
һׯ̲ͮͮסˣһЦ漴ףϽֹסЦ
ǣ
ղ˵Ǽǿɫ࣬Ȼû߳ƬսżɵӣȻǵ֮ʱһñףҪǰ֡
ˣȥɣٸҺ֣ȡʸ񣡡
ӵɫҲÿһϺȣֹ˼ս
еһ棬ȻԼ˵ģҲ˶ҶϾڶ˵ˣҶǿĥʯҪǿĥµĸӷ͡
ȻĥʯǾͲ׵Ļٵʧȥĥʯ壬еһ£ǿǳɳһ¡
ߵһϺȣЩǿֻǿѹŭ޷޵ȥ
ڽصΧǲкñҲһЩͨҩҪҵҩҩǾֻܵȥѰҡ
ҶԶȥıӰͮͮ˵ʲôôˣջʲôҲû˵ֻĿҶıӰһۡ

Ҷ˽صһһҵľ޴ͭ㿪ʼ⻪˵Ӱȫھ޴֮ͭϣ鶼ɱ档
ͭ޴ޱȣɷԲͨ巢ɫĹâȻǺϽͭı
ͭΧŸַޡ桢ǳɷ˵ȵȣ˵һӰ
Щ޻ܶ඼Ƿǳ࣬Ѿ˵࣬ͭһɣĹ⣬·޾һ㡣
ͭڴ룬ûʲôңȴڿ̩ɽû˿Ķ
ͭǰǼ̨̨ɫģʵһ㣬̶̨ɣɫ̨һȣС
ÿһ̨϶һߣƶۣ뷢԰ףüë糤ԡ
Щ干ͬ棬ɫ̨ϵǸϵڣֱЩǻҪһǻ޾µ֡
µɫ̨ͷǳϹʱڵĹһγɵģľ뢱һ֮ɵı
ǰϽͭľӸͷǷǶ澵ӵľԴֻ֪Ϲʱһ𾳴߶ճɱ¾֮⣬֮
ȻˣҲǾӡģֳ񾵣˵ûд۵ңֻҪ۱ɵ
Ͻ֮ͭԿʾе龰Ϊ֮ǰοصʱǿ߽һööӥʯ̶ĵطӥʯ汦ġ
ֻҪӥʯ񾵾ȫλļӵеÿһ䣬֮ĵطҲ⡣
Ϊ˱֤صǿߵİȫҲΪʱ۲쵽ǵĶ棬˴ӵ֮⣬ȫעŽе˵һһ
ٺ٣Сӣ֮ɣҲҪУô˱ؽʣ½
ڶǿߡƵүүӣҶͰӳڱϵӰЦѡ


1262 
ء
ҶͰһߣͻȻЩԾʶسܿ˿޷֣̲ס૵ܸоڴǵ⡣
ٺ٣ǵսᶼˣ˼ҵ㰡ҾãЩСǿ϶ûʲôƨҪСĵУǺٺЦ
ҪôߣǾͱ飡
Ҷˣ£˵һǧһ򣬱ϾŮͮͮԼԼӦøжŶԡ
ЩҪǾˡһ򲻻ԴУ
ΪǴ𣿴Բѣ
ƲƲ죬ҶȻʿսʵǿʿܹһЩģмͲǶ֡
Ŷ
Ҷ°ͳ˼ôǸƺǿ߻ܱһЩ
ҲѹƵķǳֻƾսˣԼֻƾĻԼǷǳԿġ
ô֪Щǲ
Ҷʵãֻϵܷǳ࣬ڸߵʱ϶ܶ࣬ǲ˵ϡ
ûҾͲ֪ˣ˵һЩй飬вУ
˵ͻȻͣʶҶ˵Сӣ׷ˣ֪ǲ㶯ֵģǵĻɲҪǣȥ
ǣ
ҶˣһʱûٳԺöԭɿݷƵƤë»ָ͹ˮһƺһЩȻóëһҲûġ
ʵϣðѣҶҲע⵽ˣظǣʼձһľ룬ҲԶ룬֪ڸʲôá
龰Ҷ΢΢һüͷðѰұҩһıӱȹʹ
ϰףͨҩݲҩͲˣҪǾҹݵıҩҩҶ´ָʾ
Сӣٴ֣صľ㣬Ұ׼ϰ׻Сסǲ졣
֪ϰףҰɣҶһҲûиĿڵ˼
ϰҶȡģһʼСףǲ췴ˣôҲǻ޾µֺòãȻûлΣļ̶̳ȣһҲ׷ڴ۵ߣСרõĳƺ
Ҷ
Ҷӳ̫ңֻøСΪϰףƾôҲˡ
ǶҲ൱Ĳ⣬ҶÿһҪһΣһôûУҲͽ֡
ڰǳı£Ҷܿҵһ걦ҩҩˣûᵽһɵŵ㡣
ƺһɵζҶѯʵϰף걦ҩǲʲôǿ޿ţ
㻹㱿
ǵ٩Ҷһ䣬˵ĵرΧȻǿ￴ءΪЩĵرҲǳãҩ콣ȻҲ⣡
콣
ҶϵһЩĵرʱ˵һַǳıҩһֻƬҶӣÿһһƬҶӣÿһƬҶӶ콣һǳ
콣Ҷͨ˵УԵʹãּӲȻûĹЧҲǷǳѵõһֱҩˡ
䣡
ҶͰ˵ʱ򣬴ͻȻһ𶯣һͷˮţСĹԼٶǹ³˼ĳ̣һֻŵĴһ
ʲôһæ㿪
ͬʱҶųĹףһõ콣ԻǴ̵ļһһʱ֮ҲöԸ
֮£ֻݱ壬ȶ㿪զ˵ʲôط
¡¡
ҶεضһǧĴϣ㿪ѹʽһ
ٿȻǹչӣ¶ֻСȣɿ콣ȥƺʲô
ԣ
ҶվϿУǴһļһϮԼʱ򣬰ǾȻﵽ콣ԱߣһڣǼӲһ콣Ȼһҧһȱڣҧˡ

ҶƤԴӷøĵرʵǿˣҲ˲٣ҧϡ
ҶãԼı嶼δܿסбҪһ¾ˣᱻֻǸҧˣ
ѽ
ǹԼǾһӶݣٶȱǴһĹСȿˣǹ׷װһڡ
Ҷãʵǿɷ̫̬ˣǴ̣ƫƫЩ̻ǳӲ͵ϻҧ⬣޴졣
ԶЩȻҲһĻ̸ǳ콣ҩȴżһԿ֣˿ûг˼
Ҷ˼һ£ȡ׵ǹǹֱָǴһĹ
Ϊ콣Ҫһ
ǴһĹһСԴĿҶûػ콣ԱߣֻҪ˸Ҷһ콣Ȼѹķʽֱӽ͸
ɱ
ȻֻȽº͵һ֣Ϊ콣ҶҲֻܲһˣһе׵ǹǹԴȥ
ϣ
һǹֱӽԴȥˣֻʣ»ļ̺Ҷ׵ǹײһ£Ȼˡ

Ҷһ׵ǹɹãֱӺɨȥһǹɳȥԶ
ಣ
ţҶʩչӰ콣Աߣ׼ֵʱ򣬶ȻӦ޴Σս٣˼Ҷæܿˣ
漴ҶͿһ֮ǰһֱԼŷ۵糸ĸһѽ콣γջصԼĻ
㡭
ҶŭԼཫǹˣȴ˰·ժӣ
ʲô㣿ҩһ
źԻһ˿ǳſһҲûнҶ
ҧĶҲҪˣ
Ҷ俴һۣڶ콣ã־ڱصõĶûҪھͱ¶Լʵ
Сӣ˭ǹ˵㣬ߡ
һһҶ׷ȥҲǱҧһڵ콣
쵰ҵţ
һһ࣬űҧһڵ콣ҲǣҲǣ
ʱѾûʱ俼ӲӵˡǴһĹȻҶ˳ȥڿǿû̫صˣ˿ȫһţ߹
ಡ
ԻǴ̵ļһҲֻݱ壬һ·ӣҶʧķ׷ȥ
ưضҶԲҶڽеõһҩ˵ҩˡֻҪҶֵģһ
ҶʵҲһ㣬Ҳѡԭ
һͮͮΪѣҲǲҵԸԼĽڡ
һԼ嶯ɱеκһˣƱнԼˡ
ƴ̣ǽǼ굱ɵˣ


1263 ڶ׷
дΣǿ޺Уз޺նͶ´ƬӰ
ƬеĻķǳŨգԪ뵣ЩطԪ۵ԴҺֻǳٶѡ
ЩԴҺı仯֮𽥱ӲγʯϾǷǳٵġ
ڰҶǿ£Ǳܿһͷһͷǿޣ룡
ƬطǳɽƬ֮УܶѾ˵ﶼܿǵӰ
֪һطƴҲЩ޾ߵġЩأͿԶɽٻˣ
˲ŵ㣬Ͳ࣬ʿĲɱ޵Ҳ٣޵ļҲζȱʵѪҺ䡣
ЩǵĺЩߣƵ̫Ҳ׳֡
һ·ϣҶʶ̫濴Ķڲǰ̯һоͿһֻ޴һƬһзɹһצȻץһͷмص
һΣҶͰǲײϣһֻ»棬ֱӽһСɽճޣȻúԶҶҲֲֿܵ¶ȡ
˵֮Уʪ֮ضĶˣܶʰ쵵Ķо綾ģһڶѪ⻯Ϊˮ궼Ҫʴ
ڼ䣬ҶͰҴһЩݵҩͱҩһĶǼŸȥˡ
ǰæһʲôҲûõ
ǿǺţǣǻһ˴أͷһǼһ󹦣
һ겻ҶֵıҩϵҶ
ˣĽأеĶУһëҲõ
Щ˾ǲʶʱҵĻҾԲ
δȥ
ߣҴ˽磬뿪ֱǳ˵Σ
һļһһ޲Ҷ߹ѪͳǸ⿴壬Ϊ岻ǵ͵ѡ
ڻĹʱڣ岻ūͶѣĵһȣûʲôλԡ
ֱ˵һλۣ壬ʶɲǱ
ЩʷǿԾǵͼ壬ܹ֤ɵۣϳǲŻӮǵء
Щ̣ҶֹˮϵظԼҪ嶯ƵȦףгֵɡ
ʲôʱһƨҷţβˣĲǶǷ߷߲ƽ
ϰ˾ͺˣ
ҶһҲûȥһЩ˾Լһȣֻг˿˲Żĵ
ϧЩ޷صģһԿͺпĻᶼûС
֪УʱѾȥ죬УҶѰҵҩͱҩһ⣬ȫˡ
Ϊˣǻҧһһڣ˵Сȶϵҧһ飬۵Ǽһҽвѡ
ۿôҶıҩôûãҶͲᣬ쵽˳ܵĳ̶ˡ
ȥǰ취ƸǱ߻ǵϢأܱƵִǣƸûгֵɣڸô죿ҧһڵʵ
ִеڶɣҾͲЦ˵
ɲ޵ĿУ޷潻һ˵ǵ˵
İɣСȽ绹̣ûôģ꣬ȡı
һг˫ĹâƺѾҶѻӣЦˡ
С̰ͦҵҪ̵ʱ
֮УӿҶ߱ҩһ˷̾Ȼûж֣ɵðü
Ƶļƻ֪ȱƵҶ֣Ȼռݴ壬һַҶܹͮͮˡ
ҶȴϺһô⡣
ʵǿ˶ƢģӶı߱ҩ·ժӣ˭ܲ
ҶȴӲסˣеǳ⣬ͬʱӼᶨ˳Ҷľģ̵ĶֲµĶ֣ΪѣһȻһ
һĻҲüͷ
ǵ뷨Ȼǲͬġ
̫ˡ
һλ̾Ϣ˵һ䣬ǿĽ˹ҶѾɱ޲ŵҩȻЩݣе޳ܵ˼
ǲ֪ǣ˴˿ıһֶԸҶķԺ
ʱսҶĵĺأֻʱͣһֻߴ׹¹Сӱ߰Ƥż¹⣬һ
ʥˣҶʱ̱Լ״̬
ռҶԤ׼ΰͺ͸ֵζƷȻҰ⣬ԵһҲ򵥡
¹⿾ýƣ磬֬һεεĵڻУž
һԣÿˮֱҶĿһרŵĳʦĶóԡ
ˣһ飬ɲˣ
ûȫ͸Ǳ㰴Ͳסˣһشߴ٣ҶȻҲܾһͷ׹¹ٽԼôҲԲ꣬ԭ˰Ƿݡ
ҶŲ͸û͸أҲԼԣⶼɿڣοˣЩҲûϵ
Ҷȡһ鿾¹ӸһԾֱסˣһԴãԵ͡
Ա㣬΢ϢƬ̣Ҷ׼ǰеʱͷȻоһɾ޴Σڿٱƽ
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ͷһֻ֮ǰԼһԼ߷ɱһͷСɽСİϬţͷײ
ٶȺܿ죬ֱӹҶͰǣ֮ززˣϬţǡ
ָĵڶַһͷǿޣԸҶŪҲܴ
ռУѾҪĵҶ֮ǱԴݵ֣Ҷܻ׽ˡ
ǸʱҶѾϵ⣬׸ҪŪҪеܶھƾʲôǿᣬǿ
䣡
ǰϬţѾ۾˱ĳһϸӺݺݵҶȥ
̤
ްϬţĿұ죬˭ôţӲһҲܲˣҲˡ

ҶХһڵһ㵯йâһ׵ǹУŰϬţ۾ֱ̹ȥ
ȻĵطûãҪҪпܽС
ǺûٴˣҶӭսͷֲİϬţ
꣡
ϬţɳȵİҶͻȻɢγ
çţ
ҶһڿӲŤܿһ亹


1264 Ա֮ʩ
꣡
죬Ϭţһֱӽˡ
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£һƬСɽһǣʯɣ˹һƬ̳
˻
Զ˵һֻϬţ̫ǿˣп⸽еߡ
ο
ЦֹҲҺͷϬţԿҶôǿҲܱһͷ޸ǿҲҪˣ
ն
ҶһһǹڰϬţĶϣһڰϬţϣ漴Ϭţȥ
ң%
žһһߣһŭһ߿Ӷݡ
ǿİϬţҲ棬ֻ
ܲϬţûϵֻҪܵùˣ
ҶЦԷҪ赶ɱˣͷǿİϬţԸԼԸ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ת䣬ҶչӰһĲӰ˲㳬ţңңȡ
~
ۿ׷ҶϬţֱӷҶͷŭһźֱײ

ĿɿڴԭļƻһͷǿҶģû뵽Ūɳ׾ʯͷԼĽˡ
һӺҶѾԶǷУһɽͷͰһɽͷϿ֡
Ϊ˾Լͬ飬ͰϬţչ˼ҵս似֣ڰϬţϸûʲôáϬţķ̫ǿˣκαϾһ
꣡
Ϭţçţɽ˲佫˴̴ˣ߷춯صĲҽУڷ

ۿʵ޷սʤͷǿİϬţˣټʧˡ
Сӣ˼㣬ѵͲ뱨𣿡
һֻĹսһҶֶԸЩˡ
һǸرΪ͵һ٣һֱģڵʵҪǲܵģֻܽҶ
һҪģһֱãΪҺ۸
Ҷһ˿ĹâΪͮͮо֮ͳˡ
ЩһһϣֵıҩȥͲǴȣųˡ
ôȫ㣡
Ϊ˱𣬰ǾҶЩ۾Դϵ֪ҲǺǵġ
ҲźǶ֣Ͼͮͮдң
Ҷͷ˼Ƭ̣ܿ⣬ĵԱ֮ʩ
̵Σ㹻ݣϲǰҲ׷ɱζٺ١
ҶԼļƻ˵һ֮󣬰һ㶣ʱЦҶƲ̫Ŀζˡ
ԽԽСӺܷϱθڣСҿϣ
վצҶļͷģһѵĿ

ҶۣðѰıҩǿ޿صġ
İɣֻҪǱҩ޿أֻʵи¶ѣ϶ǸǿģҲסҩ
ǽظĵ죬˵һжϣ׼ܹıҩ
ҩΪҩ֮ܳΪҩһǧҩԪıҩʿֵͨʯ
سܶҩݶᳬпˣԪɢڿС
ΨЩֲп֮ܰҩ
ڴﵽһʵ֮٣ҩҲһһٽ٣ȥܹҩǰȥҷԪɢ
ԣֵܹϵģپ٣⺬зԪ׽٣ϻ֮ͯЧ
Ǳ൱ܹͨζ⸽ʲôޣʵεȵȡ
ȻˣҲܹͨ΢ҩжϸûҩ߱ҩܹҩĵĴ
ڽܹͷǿ֮ҶڰǵĴһɽ£ﱳľ࣬ʯߡ
꣡Сĵ㣬дŰ˰ҩıҩ۲ݣ֮ػ򲻿ɾǺѵ֣
һ߸̧䲽ǰƶһҶһ֪˿۲ݵޡ
ʱĺܻɣ㾿ǻǹôӱȹ飿ݶҶͬǸпһ

ƺһ治֪ǹڿ౾˭֪Ҳǣֻʵ΢೤ѱʧȥҰԣŽйģҰģҲԽǣ
ҶԲҪ뿪ⷬͬ˵ûʵǴҰѱģΪˣҶȻ֪ĸ
ԶҶͷɽһֱߵĴ󶴣ףĵģƺϢӶд
Ӧīߣ䶾ޱȣǧ𾪶
ڣǶеˣû뵽ػ۲ݵľȻôһΪЩ겻ɢˣҲֻƴˣ
Ҷٶ㹻죬ھʮԶʱҶ㿴һƬݴһεıҩɢŵ㡣
걦ҩһ߸ߣϱ鲼Ƭצ߱Ψ۾ֻɫĹʵȻûг졣
۲ī߻ĸһ˿Ԫ棬ֻҪһ϶֪εܣǧҪͣ
Ƕ۲ݱҶϤĶ࣬ƺû֪ģ϶ΪȣͨҶ̽ĸǣΪΪߵ
ˣõ֮Ҫ˸һƬҶӣ۲ݵҶרſīߵ߶
Ҷ׼ֵʱ򣬰˵һ䣬ðôգȻӦøôġ
ҶҲûаǣԼҪѰҵҩѣϾԼԱҩϤ̶ԶԶǡ
ৣ
ҶչӰһ۲ȥһץס۲ݣһҲֱͣӻָһƬҶӣԼҲժһƬҶӺ۲
󷲶涾ߵĳѨΧ߲֮ڱܹⶾ֮ʱعʹȻˡ
˻˻
Ҷ۲ݵһɲǣӶһźֱĺ󱳣īߵķӦҲǷǳģȻ˯۲һ꣬з紵ݶ֪
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۲īߵӣϣȻκȾֱָ׷˳һȷ罫ǰĻĲȫʴ˺ˮϵʯʴ˷ĩɼĶжҡ
ˮҶļƻ
Ų٣ҶͰﺬ۲ݵҶӣһԲͷ˳˹ȥ
Сڸʲôôе㲻ĸоĪҪǶˣ
˿Ҷ˹ʱòȴв֪ʲôط
һ̡
֪ˣ
ǵעУɽīܻĽ׷Ҷǳ
Ҷ治Źģ
һƿڴһܣǿɲҸī䶾ޱȵӲֻҪմȾһ˿ȻҲס


1265 
ڽУκ˶޷УʵֻҲĻ塣
ΪǿҲҪǿΪʿ
ҶĵӴ÷ǳʵڵϵʱԪԭ޷ͻƣȴ÷ǳǿᡣ
ԪռҺεҶﵽ᲻ɴݵľء
ֻξ٣췣ĽϴȻʥ̥ڶѣǿ̶ȣһͨʿ޷Ტۣ
չӰҶٶѹһͷһֱǰ棬ī߽׷ᣬ
ǵٶҲһ׹ĸҶߣضá
һ˾͵ùˡī׷ҶͰǣֻ
Σʱ̣ǵʵҲ˳һȣ̵ľʹˡ
ļ֮ǰսϬţʱѾ˲СģʱȻƴȫһء
ֿӣ˭ҲӲˣ
ףҶǿޱȣôɱżٶȡ
ȥ⣬ҪԶҶ
ಡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬׷ɢ

һԥӵ˲䣬ī׷ˣſһһɾ޴ֱӽ߿֮С

˷һ춯صĲҽУûˣֱӱ̽˶īߵ߶൱ңûȳȥ͸ʴ¶ɭɭ׹ǣ
Ҷһһעź󷽵ĶǿޱȣһչԲǧκη紵ݶ
Ҷīߵʱʵһ߰ɳˮװϸźɫϸƬ·ˮһ㣬𺳵С
֮⣬ͷϾȻһһֻ۾ɭɭĺ⣬ֻɭɭĶһ㡣
ī֮ľݴԶֿγһߵƺȷ棬ܹˣ
ƴӻ
īȻԶûγľ磬Ѿһ˿Ϣ۲ߵĽ
īߵĹΧҶתǰȥīƺ׼ҶҶǸӣת䷽׷ȥ
ҶģүүŹģˣ
ſˣѾ˶·ߣû뵽ҶȻֽ
ʱѾߣ£Чķжܣ
ۡ
īٴһŶ˲Сһ㣬ʱɫڣҡҡΣͨһԵڵϣѪڷ
Ҷ۲ݵҶӽⶾһЩҲûϵŶһĽ˾
쵰
һžĴһ䣬īѹֱӱһ࣬仰Ҳһ仰
Ҷɫ侲û˿Щ˶ԼΪ˻ý赶ɱˡ
ͮͮΪѵĻͲְ취ʵսʤĻ治ࡣ
˿̣һоѾʧˣֻʣĸˣνʧأʣµ˳֮⣬Ҳ쵽ߵıԵˣǼ͸֧ԼǱ
ҶҶүҶڣǴˣ˼Ҹ̧֣ǰˣ
˶ˣֱ˿ǲ֪ԼһʲôɷǣƴƴִӮҲûãֻˡ
֪ˣʲôȥˣ֮ǰǵҩҩʱͦ˵ʲôƬ˽еôˣ
Ǵнһ߷һ߼Ѿӿ񱼣Ҷ£Ҷ˦¿ɿˡ

һ˱īȥڷ
ž
һĻĻȫŵеǿڶǿ뷢ţһƽϵʯĳ촷ۡ
쵰ҶСӶ𱨣ڴˣû뵽Ȼ˼˴ɱ忡壬˲ˣ
ɭޱȣ˫⣬콣һɨŵܽصĻһ̶ǰлɱҶ
԰꣡
ƽؿһۣĵ֪ôģ߶дĶˣǾĴڱвɴ⣡
Ҳûд⣬ʹɥѵ˲ɣ̲ӱ˵£ʱһ죬ķǵǿ
̲ҲҪ̣ȻĥһȻҪøֵ׼ڵһۣ㲻˵ˡ
⣡
Ȼֻǵһۣȴ·𶴴ӵһ㣬ӻһݣоԼڵǰһܶûˣԼǵС˼ڡ
ৣ
ڵĻҲ׷ӿȥ֪ǲ´ģпڴҶ⣬˭û˵
ڴע⣬ΪԼΪǲԸ⵱ˣˣ
˼ԲΥĵĽƱˣΪԼĳǺõģΪһ˽Ϊ塣
չҪȥģȻԸͷԼ˰ɣֻҪõʵȻһ̨ס
ʱ߳űܹ͵Ĵһϸˣ
ĿĲóѵģֻҪһһ;Բ
һ֣â˲佫ӵһӡˣֶ𺳡
ڣΪ壬ʲôˣΪһ˶Լ˳𣿡
쳣ΪԼȫΪ壬ԸˣȴԴʵڲƽ

һУҶһ֪
ʱ䣬Ҷī߽ʣɱֻʣڿļ֡
ʱͨ徹ȻɢĽ⣬£׼ǱܣΪȻͻƵļ
̶̰ʱڷˣֱ֪ӳֽҶܻˡ
䣡
ֲסʱƺĳˣ˾һԭٶٴȻͻˡ

ЦҶģͻˣû뵽ɣҪл㣬㣬Ҫʱͻƣ
̵ΣСӵӲȻڹؼʱͻˣ¶ʱɱˡǹһ䡣
νǳ˼ۺ죬֮ǰʱУǳݵһ

ʱһ

䣬һʮ׳ľ޽ֱӶīߵߴϣڵϣ
վһ⡢ڷˣȻƣ


1266 ƴ
˻˻
ī߳ʹʱ˻ѣӶŤˣǱ޽ڵϣ
Ƹ磬ˣɱҶΪֵǱ𰡣
Ƴ֣ʱһ֪ԼǰȫˣڣҶ޷ɱˣҸ޷ߡ
Ҷ
վڽϣ˫⣬ҶȥԭҿͮͮϣΪѣȴɱҰˣŹ㣬ҲӦ
̫ĻҲ²ߣҪ־͹ԼҶ֮ڣ޸ƣ۵塣
ƾһµĶ֣֮ȻܱͨɼΪôɲ⡣
СӲ򵥣Ӱɣ϶򲻹
Ǹоǳ񣬿ƻɱī֪߱ԼҶһĶ֣㿪ʼùġ
ѾңӲ˵ģҪӰɣҶ˰һۣߡ
ʲô㲻ӱҲҲûȥ˼ңȻӲˣǾԴսһҲҪĺҵģ
κûҶߣ˵һȻĻʱҶȲѣ⻹ԼʶǸȱڻİ
𡭡
ī߾ȻһХøһ·ڲμһ㡣
ҶҲе⾪ȣ˵û𣿳ɹ٣ɱΪпܸıṹ𣬷īûлΣôҲܷ
Ҳʰ
Ҷ𾪵ǣԺоȻһ仰īķʽġ
仰īͷϵڿʼ仯ѣ泤ֻӨѿ϶ϸצԾɸźɫƬ
ϧͷɱĹһغˣҲûܳɹɺ󺶡
һޣΪʧȥ۲ݶһ
ĿռУҲ뻯Ĺޣ
ŻһīߣЦһ˵棡
ͷóһֻīߵʬ߷һƬϼ⡣
âīߵʬѾս֮Уð۲ѣͰͲסˡ
īȻˣҲǱߵҩǽⶾЧѡ
߲֪˶꣬ϵĹ⾫Ǽһ޵ĻԿͨ鱦
Ҳ֪ǿƤӵֻͬǿǹɳ嶯
ʵĲīߵʬ壬ֻǾͨ鱦пƣ͸ԼΪȻмİ
īߣƽСľ޽УһضҶ˵ְɣ֪һǹóɣҾͿֽ㼸У񽣵Ļ۸㣡
ƿȥʮ£һӢüɽĿǣ˱ըԵ
ƵĿҶ˿ûжΪ֪Էȷʵ
~
һҶйâһ׵ǹģ˫ֳǹһ¹ȥһǹâǰƼȥ
ף㾹ȻҲܴ߳ǹâСˣ
˼Ĺâȭһɫȭâ˲佫Ҷǹâɢˣ漴ݺҶؿں
飡
ȭâ׵ǹǹϣһɾ޴Ҷץס׵ǹˣڱѣϽɫѪ˳ָһεεĵڵϣҶ߰˲վˣ
湻ҵģϡ
ƳŪĿҶһۣһ緢µӡ
㾳ҸߣսʤʲôɽģǿĽ𣿡Ҷɫ֮ͬսƾĶ֡
㲻Ľңûõģϣɱ֮ˣòź㹫ƽһս˵ˣһǿʳ磬ûȨҪƽģ
һ߸ϵӣҲ˵˽ܵ飬֪ҶйŹ֣ͬ£սĺᶼĶ֣Լ͸ˣûҶһƽĻᡣ
ɣ
ƲҶϢᣬ˵ٴγ֣ɫİƺݺҶϳȥ
Ҷϵѣƾ׸ǾʵźԽС

ҶͬӳӭȥҪԼı徿ܲܿסƵĹ
飡
꣡
˵İײһ۵£ҶѾĴ
ƵĽȻҶı忸סԷֱӱùˣ־ͱˣ
ףȻйŹ֣Ȼܵסȫһû
ƴоȣԼʵ൱ţͨʿʥ̥ڣһƾܳˣҶǹ۶ѣʵС
Сӣ
һҶƵĶ֣ԼȥŰҲԼղ˵ĺ׳ˣֱ·
ҶҲʶԼ˸ΪڽûѹԼʵ޷սʤԷ
ʮΪϼƣҶҲǴӵˣȻǶ֣Ǿֻˡ
Ҹƴˣ
ҶûߣŭһɺԵʥȼ֮ٽϵĹϣ·Ҫƴһ㣡
ţ
һΣյϢҶƶüͷһȫ䱸ĵҶĽ
֪״̬£ҶȻᷢʯ쾪һֻҪԼסһԷֻ־ˡ
ɱ
Ҷһǹ߱ǹȫȥˣһߵֵһЦ似ˣ
ҲҪȥУ
Ҷԣ˿ãϲƣ
͡
ǹâ䣬߱Ϣľ似̫ǿˣȻܹһʥ̥ڵʿ˿ֲĹѹֽͬս
ʲôǹȻ
Уλһ˭ҲʶҶǹ
ʧѾõ߱ǹ
ڻ޾£ʶ㣬Ҷֻǹ³߱ǹ
ʲôȻǹѹĹ
ҶǹȻ߱ǹļʱ¶Ȼı飬һ߱ǹѾʧ꣬ôõģѵõǹһ
ǲ²ⲻѵʱҶǹѾϣȻû˵ƣȴҲƵæңϵĵˣ
Ҿһǹ
ҶɱȻĿԲһ


1267 ۱¶
Ҷȼʥʩչ߱ǹƶЩмܣ
˿̣ۿҶҪһԴ
ಣ
ʱ
Ҷٽ׵ǹתӣ

Ƶԭء
⡭
ͬʱŵмλĿɿڴ˭Ҳû뵽ҶɱݵİڳһҪƴļƣȻתˡ
Сһ
ҡͷʧЦղҲҶһ£ΪһǾһǹأû뵽һǹʵһǹ
Ҷģӣ
ҲҶһղǹÿһжƥӦ
һǹ־ͲӦԣѾʮֵľû뵽ҶȻһǹˡ
һֱϷˣ˵ĸоӿͷŭɶɱⱬ׷Ҷ֮ȲɱһҪĥ֮ȡժԼͬ顣
صķΧǳ㣬ľïܣݺᣬ׷ҶҲһ׵顣
Ƭ֮Уκʿ޷УֻͽǰУҶлӰȻ¼٣ҲһֲĲƵٶȲ£һʱ̻׷
ҶϣǸ˾ͣĺһսҿԸһƽһսĻᣡ֪Ͼϣ޷ıģ
ƴȣԹƽһսҶϹҶѾ͸Ϊˣ֪ԲѹƷӡԼʵԼһսģ˵޷Լϵ
ȻвأҲвһ棬ǾǾܹһЩʵǿ
ûаǸŵ£ҶֻԼ̽·ǿޱԶԶرܿ
һǷǳģҶҲֲ̫ʱ䣬ƽ׷ᣬ˦ѣ
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һٶȱһЩ˼ʱ֮һֱڣҶҲûܰƵ׷
ͬŭɶԭΪƾԼʵɽҶ׷ϲشû뵽ҶȻ˾ˣ׷˼ʱһֱɫһ׷Ҷ
Ƭռ㣬ҶֲϤĻ˵Ҵһ𣬸оڶؾͱ֪Ѿ뵽ص쵽ĵĽ֮ˡ
ȻˣһҶǲ֪ģ֪ĻԲ֮ӣ˵ȥʮɲԸðա
䣡
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ҶʶͻȻϵռݱһʱ
УռĻǱ¶һϳ۱ġ
Ҷܾ۱ɱ¶ƵԾԻΪУʱԼΣˡ
İɣ⸽ûˣռϢָһ£ȻֲӦϣص۱ġ
ǵ۱飬Ȼϣ۱ڱ˵УںҶȨףֻȱסҶ˵ˡ
ðɣ
Ҷټ֣һռУڿӵһ޹⣬۵Ľڣ
ʱҶڵûŪһЩƷϺþ֮ΣԼİȫֶ˼ֱϡ
䣡
һ󣬽ɫӡʧϳһף޴ޱȵӡȥͺһһ㣬ɼƵʵֶôĿֲ
̳ɢȥҶǷԼĳȴȻֿӵ׾ȻûҶʬ壬֫ⶼûУ·ƾʧһֻһòñӾڿӵף
ɣȻһƴûҷˣԲܣӦܿסһ
ɻѡ
ͬʱ
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ѵĳĴˣĸأ
˵ãϹ̫֮ţ̫֮ţ֮лĹţ˺üλۣЩ۸ûд۱Ҳ֪ȥ򣬺пЩûκδеĵ۱
ڽ˵ʣ˵Լжϣʱλۺ첻ѡ
Ȼ壬ȴδһۣȻҲûе۱ѹ̣½ĵеĵ۱ѹ̣Ѿϴεĵ۱֮սлȥˡ
ܹóĵ۱ָҶ۱֮ĻǿԾΪˣ
ӸǼ˫۷Ź⣬е˵ڣҶѾˣ۱ǲӦùˣ
ȷУֻһñӣȫûҶӰǿҲǱһƴ˷ɻң
ھϲͬʱҲеЩźϾѾõûܵõȻǴĹ۹ȴڴĹ˵ǹµһҲΪ
меÿһ䣬ҶʾҲͬг֡
˶ջ񣬵õһЩҩҩͬʱ˺ҲɱһЩǿޣȡ޺˺ʬȡ
֮һñӵ״ǰΪͨȥ˾ڵı״
Ϊҵĵ۱̫ˣ缸û˲ʶⶥһ޶ĵ۱紫оԶȻҲʶ
Ϊ˲¶۱ıĿϲŽ۱ı̬ʵ֤ȫȷڶԻˣһ۾ϳ۱ʧȥǼˡ
ʱǿҲصע⵽սϱʶԼսֻǲ֪޻Ҷ
ǶҪܲܰæһǺ޴ս˶Ҳܿٽնɱ
ǿ޵ĵطȻбҩҩпҩ֣Ȼ
ռ䲻κطӰ죬ڽռһ˲䣬ҶָΪ΢ϢƬָ̱۷塣
ȻмҶҲڴĹѨеõԴҺҩԴҺ̺һ˿ҩϢһξ׹ǣʿ˵Ǳ
ҶռϢˣŹȥһɲǶѡ
ƴ¿׼ñӿʲôҶҷˣⶥñӾȻ
Ҷһֱעı仯оԱߣʱһЦһ󵨵ļƻ˲Ժг͡
ৣ
һ̣ȥڵʱҶһ

ʯ֮䣬Ҷˣ
һȭƵؿںȥֱ˰ȭеȭ£
䣡
һ죬ƱҶһȭɣһɳӣһ·Ѫ
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ȭðԵ֮İȭȻһȭشˡ
֮ǰ뵽ˣռطӰ첻ʵᱻ߳ռһ˲䣬Ҳ̫أ˵ʤͿһˡ
ȻĶˣһȭ㽫һƺɳȥȻʱҲԲܳˣ
ƸȻǿ󣬾Ȼܹ·ôߡ
ԶԶշϸ죬һǿ̲ס̾һ䡣

̾ܿͱ𾪣
ΪϴѪ׹䣬ԲУǱ˺ɵģ


1268 ۱ģ
ʲôܽƴɣ
һ˲䣬пһĻ˶ãƿ϶һͷ޷սʤǿޣĻûκܽƺɣˡ
ΪڲȻ˾ԻǱȽŽģڲЩìҲ˽ڽ
֮⣬ֻʣҶˣ
Ҷʥ̥ڶѣڽ£ʵҲӦûᱻܶ࣬ǿʵ
ǲ²ⲻѵʱǹŵеѾ׾ˣӣһѪֱˣҲû뵽Ȼһ
ʧϢû˵Ҷͻأĳ֣һǿᣬһ㹻ҪƵ
ৣ
ڣҶ߳Ŀ˵ڲԶƣһԲ뿪ʼնûȥơ
Ƹе
Ʊǿ˿Ѿˣ޷ӦеսֻؿҶݵȥ
Һް
һѪ˵˺īͬĻȻܸɴĻȥ
֮ԻȥһΪˣһȫǱҶģ
۱ҵιԹ԰СӾȻе۱
ڸĿ̣ĸܵ˵۱ϢӶɺˡ
½ȻʷԶĵ۱ȴûгּһε۱ս֪ȻԵ۱ߣ
οҲ𾳶ѣûܳɹǶ֤ɵۡ
׵ǹȻһ۱֣ʵֻ鱦еļƷѣû۱ĲΡ
۱Ϣֵһɲǣǲ㱻۱Ϣ̱ڵϣ۾׼ᣬӵһ۱Ļ»˭Ķ֣
İû뵽ڵ״̬ӵ˵۱ҲǺҶһùģһعȥܹᱦ˱ȱȽǡ
СӾʲôͷȻܹӵĵ۱ԽԽˣ
𾪹󣬰ǿԼ侲߶һ䣬ѭҶζ׷ȥ
ı൱ʹЩҶϦദζϤ׷ˡ
ʱ򣬰д̱ҶעʱһҪ۱Ūð͵
Ҷ˿֪ԼѾǸˣ˿ֻûͷӬһڽת
ûаߣѰҩͱҩֻܿײˣûвҪ뿪̬
ҶߣűǴսĵط˻赹ڵϵơ
ƾ֮Ҳ֪˽ƴɵҶһҶе۱
۱ģ
ǲţһʢеϾȻһ۱ʱǷһʵչƣ˶뵽׷ɱҶĴ֮С
ΪΪ˵۱ǶҶ֣ȥһЩء
Թųɴ߲СڣֻҪܹǿǰһЩǳֶҲģԼԽͬǱ߶Ķ
ҶȻǿŵ׷ɱһ·רе֮ߣԶ׷ɱ
֪ռַֻһΣõڶξͲˣҺпܻᱻ˽۱ȥ͵ڰʯͷԼĽˡ
Сӣ
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Ƭ֮ɱᱦľѵص㣬ɱһϣ˵ûκεϵĸ
Сǰŵӷ򣬿죬ϻҸоϻϢ
ҶŰǼǰеʱԺͻȻϵ
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䣡
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ϻ滨ǾۺҩԳ֮ΪСҩҩҲһЩݶѡ
Ҫǣϻƾۻ굤ҩ޿ġҩҩñЧıҩ棬ϻȴ޿ɴһ֣ܲҶе𾪣
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ͬһʱ䣬Ҳסˣɻĳ鶯űӣǰŵӷȻǱС
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䣬˵˺ܶܣЩЩ϶֪ŰǺεȵĪ⡣
Сӣϻҵģ۲ݵľͲˣôûвժ֣ǾͿʼҶ
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ҶϾܾ۲ʵҪҲû̫ôܹǿһЩΪѣϻ̫Ҫˡ
Сӣô߰۲ѾˣϻһҵģڴһôҶЭֱв
ҴӦ㣬ϻ֮⣬εõжԸ㣬˰ɣ
ҶΣ̫ˣһЩҪĻѱԼʲôǿɲԸ⿴ġ
˵ģڰ
ǴΪˣʱ仹磬еıҩҩ϶в٣ϻȻ󣬵ܲܲժֻ֮䣬ȻԸҶ
ҲɻҶ˴Ĵ۵õϻҪʲô
ϻʲô
ȻǾۺ꣬ŷǳǿĺô
ҶѾɽȻҪһпҪϻԼ꣬꽣ϸһ
ţһ
ǰԼĲ²⻹⣬ҲΨܽ͵ͨҶΪʲôԸ۲еҩҩϻˡ
Сĵ㣬ĵرΧǿ޿أҪɵϻǻڶʳô׵֣
Ƿǳ˽ĵرǿػĵΪһǳǿޡ

ʱˮԵĲݴͻȻɺ̣Ŵ̱ǵζҶͰƮ
ˣ
һߣѾӾӣĺ̵ζѾ֪ػϻʲôˣ֪Ƕ֣ȻʮΪϡ
飡
Ҷһƻɢ̣ȻһɣԼ׵ȻﳯԼɢǿϢ


1269 ϻ
ʲô
Ҷһδޡ
ڵϵʱЩ޶ǾԪϴĳֱı壡
磬޵ƺøӷˣںܶҶв
ǰͷ׶޾֮һɫƬÿһƬڴС
֫׳ĸһ㣬צɱܹӲʯ顣
Ӵֶ̣Դ˶ǿףɺǴıǿģƺж
ֻ۾˸Źâֵĺܿβͺ̣ܶʵڿʲôͻϹʱڵκζ޶ϡ
޻ޣСӿܣԲĶ֣
ҶʶȴʶޣͨҶ۾Ҳͷ׶ȻʱҶϽӣϻôҪҲûԼҪ
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ಣ
ҶȻѵͬʱӶݣͷ޻ײϣ
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ҲڲԶͣɻϻķȥ֮޻Ѿſ˲ݴУһֱڼϻûκϣܹƤӵ½ϻŪ֡
ڸô죿
Ҷߣһ߾޻޵ķһҶѯʵ
Ҳ֪
ҶҲе޲ˣǾԴ򲻹ģ͵͵޻޶ϻ÷ǳûֵĻᡣ
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ǣ˯ͷǵùͲܹĺˣҪ׷ˣҶһЦ
Ϊ˵õϻҶҲ˲̫ˣ׷ԼҲûʲôģԼһҲİá
Сǲ뵽ʲô˵ˣЦôգ
ҶЦݣÿҶ¶Цݵʱͻ˵ùѾüˡ
벶ȸںǾֻȸЩ˺޻ȥǳûϻ͵ˣҶ򵥽Լļƻ˵һ¡
ݣϲŵѴ֣ñѪڰ
ǳǿҶ˵˸ţҶ˼ʱҲżЦ
ţҲҶͰһ˻ûӣ
ռƻŻһԣҶЩϻһᷢϻġ
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ڸĲݴУĿһĻаֹ
Ҷǿǿģ廹嶼ǿȺԼȲϣοЩˡ
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~
ȻҶĻҶǲһ̬Ǿֱ¡
ױĹ⻷£ÿһ˶ԶԶǿߣ˿ȴʲôҲ˵ΪҶȷʵ
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ʮǿͬʱҶһĹâ纣һ㽫Ҷû档
Сӣͷ˰
ǴһʮǿߵļΧһͨ۷ǿҲ÷
ಣ
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ӰٶȻͦģķҲܱ̬мâҲ޷˺
գۼ䣬ҶСˮ֣һȭȥֱӴ޻޵ϡ
໺𡭡
޻ȻȽº͵һ֣ȴǿһ쭣ƻʮ־ˡ
Ҳڽֶصػ£磬޻޼˸ǣͨʿҲҪ˱ᣡ


˿̣Ե޹ʵİһȭȻŭˣһվҶɺ̡
ৣ
Σʱ̣Ҷٶȷӵ£ܣɺ̵³˺׷š
˴㲻£ʱ޻ײ˸ţһӱˣ
󣡡
׷ɱҶǿʿȻڽбģԾܹӳĳЩͨ
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ֵǿߵϱĿĽâȫ⣬ܶκ˺
ǿĵطһ壬к̺޾ΣյʱԶŷǲ˺
ֱΪ۵ģԣ򲻵ѣҲԸ
ϻȻϻ
һ̣˳׾ˣ
Ϊǿˮе̣ͨϽһСϻ
ϻκʿзͬһЧ˵ˣϻԳƵõһĵر
ɱһҪɱϻ֣ȺУ֪Ŵһʣʮǿ߲Լͬͷ޻޶ˡ
~
޻ȻҲǳصģһжȻһҵĻ棬ֱӽһ˾˽ȥȼգ۵Ϸҽ
ʱⶼˣ޻޿³ĲͨĻ棬츳ͨ¶ȼߣյ
ңҰ
һ߰һͼϵĻ棬޼£ͬʱŶҿǻ棬ֻĿǹŹֵĻճɻҽ


1270 ֮
޻޵ǿӹɵģôж޷ֵñˣһˡ
Ȼ
޻ҲΪһǷˡ
ɱһҪɱ
ŭ£һԼǱܷӵ쾡£ڣ׷׹޻ޣǿս

޻ҲŭˣſһΧľĲȫճ˻ҽʯͷյըѿ
顭
Ҳʾ޻кƬɣѪĽ
ս𽥷תƣ޻Ҳ´սٵԼĺǻϻʶؽˮء
ģսתƵˮݴԼ׿⣬ſ˻ᣬһ嵽ˮش׼ϻժ֡
Ȼ
˱Ǹ죡
ಣ
ҶǶͬʱҲ˻ᣬӰʩչ£紩Խ˿ռһ֮ǰϻժ֣
Ҷ
˲۾Ǹ˲֪ŵõôᣬȴҶȵˣܲǷŭ㣿


˻˹ϳ֣Ҷһһ˹ţߣһ˹ͼһϵΪ
ৣ
˵ֹҶȻ壬˫ץ˵š
飡
ŵȭͷҶһʱҶ˫ץסǵţһ֣ʥŷֱӽ˳ȥ
ء
һŰڴצ棬ֱӽĿռɻˡ
󣬰׼ȥһţȻ֣ʣЩŷ׷޻ޣ߸Ϲ
~
޻ҲԼĺǻϻ˲ժ𣬶ʱŭٳҶͰǡ
ಣ
ҶѸ룬ҲȥһţҶҲæ֮زز
ҶӲģһɱ㣡
һǿŭһȭߵһ͹ʯͷ촷ۣɢڿС
ͬʱ޻˻׷Ҷ
Ǽ״Ҳ׷ȥ
Ϊϻ޻ƴȻӷףٶȷǳ죬ľ֮赲ʹֱײ飬κζסĲ
ȶԣǣٶҪһЩû׷ʼո޻޵ƨɺ档
һ׷ӣһֱҹ
ҹУҶûͣϢƬ̣ҲһûϢ

ǵĹŵУλҲ޷˵ĵΣ⾫Ӣ˲٣ϻҶõˡ
ڣ˵ô죿߶дҲܽǵϻ߰ɣżϻԾֵܹʵ
ĵر˭ܵõ˭Ե֣ǿġȻҶõϻǾ˵ϻԵ˭Ҳ׼ᡣǺ˵飬ǾͲҪˣڵ
ڣӦ֪ϻ壬۱ҿԲҪҲԷϻԲСӴȥ֣Գ֣˵ţҪȥ
ҶԲ򵥣пһǶǲĴҶ϶ӾǳΪǽΪáӽκ˲Ϊ洦ãüһۣһӹɵĿ˵
£ڳױ۾·ɮ붨һ㣬Ҳ˵ˣ޵ڵҲΡ
֮κԱƵģĵڶǿҲҡ

ͬʱ֮УҶͰȻ·
ŻӰҶǿûб׷ϣҲûа޻޺ˣֻܲϵߣƬһ顣
ȥǰ취ᱻ׷ϵģ˵
Ҳ֪ʲô취ӵﶼûáҶҲĸƣ޻ȫһҪ׷Ҳˡ
и⣬ͿҲˣҪǵ׷ɱֻһ취УǳƬ̣Ҷ˵
˵˵Ҫ˵׵⡣
Ҷ֪һе㿿סȴ˸Ԥ롣
Ƭһطǽֻ֮ӵȴпܻҲҲһ£˵
ϻбѡ𣿸Ͻ·Ҷû˿Ѿûѡˡ
൱ףĴ£ҶεıܿһЩǿ޵ĵ̣һβһͷǿ޺޻޴
ԶԶأҶͿνĽ֮
ͱȫͬ״ĺƽƬռȫ֣Ϳ龰ֻһ޲ĸоƺһء
ಣ
ಣ
һȣֱӳ˺֮УҶҲ˺֮С
ҶΪʹﵽľأ˫ϽɫĹâٺڰĻҲ磬ûκ谭
Ȼ
ں֮УҶȴԿǰ׵ĵطԶͿˣɼ״ĺйŹ֣
ںֵĵطҶͰһǰһ󣬺ܿ˺Ʋ㣬һȫµĿռС
ţ
ʱҶͻȻоһصУ
ৣ
Ҷоѣ·Ҫһ㣬ʱһɫ䡣
䣡
Σ٣Ҷûлңǵһʱ߶֮ڴ֮˲ڣϲʧȥ
ͬʱҶüļ⣬ڻζͷص
ھںʹ֮˫£Ҷסˣγһ΢ƽѭصӴĴ֮ҶҶϵĴ֮ƽΪʧ

ͻȻһ׹⣬Ҷ˹һžҪȥҶľڣ
ǣʲô
ҶˣӶȭͷǴȥ
ٺ١ȻҪ۱ˣǺצӰסҶļſھҧȥ
ݾˣȻҵıǸǣ
Ҷû˫ȭ񱩵ȫ𿪣ȴһӡ
ҧģ


1271 ֮
²Ŷٵ۱СӺεºܣȻܹӵһƵĵ۱
Ƿ޷޲ƽҶڵϹ֮ɲĵȥһҪ
ϣ
Ҷ߾ȫȭͷâ˸һȭڰǵԴϣԼȭͷۡ
໡
ҲܣҽһǺһ㣬ҡҡλεվʹ˦˦Դ
ˣˣ̵Σȱ̬治֪ʲôˣ
֪ҶнǲܵģҲֻʱˡ
ҶҲںͰǶȥһͭƤǣʹ򲻶ټһصϰֱһƬħʵڲ˶
ֱʱҶлһǰƬħһʲôĵط
ĿȥǻɵģϸͿʲôɫΪȫ۰׹Ǹˡ
С
Ҷһ
⾿һʲôħôôĺǣϸźһǷۣԾһЩûз绯ɱǰӡ
ЩЩʾӨҶָһ£֮ʯһ㡣һЩͷǽɫģ͵Ĺâ
ʿ֪Щǵǰ϶ǿ󵽼ǿߣ򺡹ǲܵڻûиࡣ
أأ
֪ﴫһķһ㣬ţҶͿһ͸Լ˹

Ҷʵһ֮󣬶ɢʢĵطγɵһ壬ûʵ壬ûκЧֻо񹥻ܶ˺
ηڱǰ˷ˣ˲ɣ
Ҷû뵽ԸЩЧ취ʱ򣬰ͻȻǰһ䣡
ŰһŭЩ͸Ӱڿ֮ȫֵɢˡ
ţ
һĻҶɰе桪ƺЩа
໺𡭡
͵ЩȺ޻Ҳ׷˴״⣬һȴҳ
ǿޣһҲĳЩ֪Σշ໹Ҫǿ
޻Ѿ֪Ŵ״ܹ˲ȻôҲҴȥֻýһǻŭйЩϡ
ţ
ЩſҶȻðմ˽֮Ҳ𾪲ѣ
Ϊᣬ֪֮һʲôħ
Ҫ˵Ҷһ壬壬ûƵҩصҲ׽롣
ৣ
˿̣޻޾ȻǳЩǶʱʧɫ
޻޵ǿ֮ǰѾ̹ˣԼЩ˸Ͳ޻޵Ķ֡
ҩȽ֮ݱһʱ˳ȡ۱
һǿߴһóһöɫĵҩȥչ״һͷȥ
Ҳҵ׷Ч£ҧóһöɫҩ£״гȥ
ͬʱҶͰѾ֮˼ף³˺ĹǷ۾ɭɭ׹ǣûκ֡
صȴԽԽǿоںʹ֮ҶҲЩԲˣȴûһоȡ
Ǻγˣ
ҶܹصѾгԾˣȻܹףֱ˼飡
Ӧ֮أս֮ʬȫγһֲĵطҶ
ϻ˭֪Ƿۡ
ϰףôصģҶʵ벻ףסصôģ
츳вУСС֮κβ˱Ǹ߰ͷ˿֪ԼѾ͸¶ҪϢ
֮ԭص֮ҶȻ֮أȻԹ죬֮ˡ
СһŲҧ㣿
ƣһʱ죬Ҷ˽֮ıԴ
֣
Ҷһתùƻ԰˵ϰףȻ֮أ϶бıӣܲҵһЩıҵĻȫ㣬һҲҪô
У
֮Աǣˣ뵽˼벻ûʲôˣеĻϴαˣõȵڣ
ϴΣ
ҶĲ˰ǻ˼ʱɴ۾ʵ
ûУûУ˵еĻ˼Ҳȡˣֵҡ
ʸڷϣ漴תƻСӣﲢȫǱҪָһɱȥΪܽЩСҲܽ
˵䣬Ѿ˴״ƽ˽֮ȻҶͰʱȵŴɣ
Ȼţôܣ
ѵҩɵ֮ɣ
ܣԲҩ
ǵ۱ڱ
̱뵽ˣҶܹ֮ڽ֮ǿ֮Ȼǵ۱ĹЧ
ɱȡ۱
һеֵǿ˫âֱӹȥҶͷϵľץȥ
ֻҲҪ
Ƕһ׷ôʱ䣬׷ˣ׷ŹҶͰǣ
ƾǣ
Ҷ磬ɺԵʥѾˣ˿塣
һһĻκˣ

ҶһȭȥϽɫȭͷ·գݺݵĴڵֵİϡ
꣡
һĹֵİƱҶһȭѣͷˣ۵ҽһһŵؿҶ
Ϊһеֵ֣ʵƣԭΪԸһССҶûѹԼʵǹ£ǻֵ
û뵽ҶȻ˿ֲٲʥԾܹһȭƴùѡ
ϡǣ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯҡ
һŷ˾裬һҧСϣʱ˺һѪ죡
Ѫζպϣ
˶ݺݵĿУǾȻĽȥߵѪ¶ɭɭݣһ˵
ǣ
ſˣŭǡ
Сûҧ쾹ȻһֻǸҧˣܲΪ
Ҳ仰ش̼ˣ׷ȡԼк˹ȥ
ȺСһʶͱȴҵĸ˵ɣǼƲһ䳡滰һ̵ˡ
ǡ
ҶһֻöԷŭš
ס֣
˽ҶΧס׼ֵһ˲䣬һϵţŮͮͮǰ
ŮܲˣǲҪµĺãתѵѾָˣͮͮ˵
ҹܶˣҶҵѣǾԴҵѣ
ͮͮɷҲǸող֪Ҷ׷ɱ飬㼱æ˹




1272 һսȺۣ
֮˵Ҳһǳֲյء
ƬռУһǿҵ֮
֮ս֮ģѰ˽룬ûӦҩ̾ͻᱻ֮ɵջըڷ궼ӲƬħ
ΪŮͮͮȻ֪һ㣬ڵ֪ҶȻ׷ɱ˽֮ʱ𾪵ͬʱҲŵġ
Ȼǰδ֮е֮жôֲڿഫҲ˽һЩ
ԭΪҶ֮󣬱ɣ˿̿ҶţеĵǵȻ޴棬ȡ֮˷ܣ
˷֮࣬ҲһȺҪҶ֣ȻӲֱӷֿȺҶվһ
ͮͮӦ֪жٴС浽Ļ˵Уѵ㻹Ҫ𣿡
˵ҲҪɱΪѵֵǱΪƸ籨Ļز㣡
ͮͮÿɣǻɱң
ҶͮͮΪѣǰһλˡ
һ̣һ˶ʮǿߣ
ǡСĵ㣡
ͮͮΪҶⳡսȴָܣռŴ壬ĻûãֻõǵҶһ䡣
İɣҲ¡ȻұϾо֮ҴӦ㣬
Ҷ˵ĻȻʱ״̬Ҳ룬ҲҪֲֲ֮˶೤ʱ䣬δػ·硣
Բѣ
վļգ
죬ɣ
ҶĻ£Ƕʱը˹׷ŭҶ
ǿĻ˭ҲҶĶ֣ȺŹ͵ȫͬĸǲҶܵסô˵Ĺ
ৣ
Ҷûǵŭ⣬һƷ׵ǹУǹָ죬ڳ߱ǹʽ
䲻ܴɱ䣬ҶҲ֪սһҪȫԸΪмʵ֮¡
ž
Ҷȫɫĵâõ˼£oһ㣬ǰ
ɱ
ֲ뵢ʱ䣬ΪҩҲʱƵģһҩЧʧҲס֮̾ͻɢǵȲ

ֵгһ÷̩ɽѹһҶ§ͷǶȥâ䣬

ǿҲ׷׳֣ɱ¾ĹâҶȫкȥ
ս
ҶһХ׵ǹָָϴ򱱣ҵǹâգһˣȴû˵ǵ
⡭
ֲ̫ˡ
ô
ǿǾˣ۾磬ǼҶߣͬҲӦĽһͱҶˡ
ʱҶͷľڴâڹâ֮У򷨲մκι޷ͻĻ

ͮͮѾˣôҲû뵽ҶϾȻ˶ܣһ۱
飡
Ҷһ׵ǹɹʹãңλǿߴùǶϽۣȴû֮ǡ
ҶԼĳŵûнκһ˻ɱֻʧȥ˹ѡ
г˱Ĺâڵ۱ķ£Ҷֱһ޷Ƶͷκι޷ǲĻȫ档
Ҷ̫ǿˣÿһιܽһǿ߻ˣ˳ս
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ʱҩҩЧҲʧˣֵ˲ò˳Ƭ֮ħ
ͮͮ㻤࣬һ棬һ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿֽͮͮĿתҶЦҶСӣˣ
£ֲͣٳ˴״ƣ뿪Ƭħ
Сӣղͦ簡ôȫˣǷŻɽԼ󻼰
սˣǲ˻һɻҶʵ
Ҷ㲻ܳȥˣ۱ջ̫¾е涼̲סֵġͮͮһǵ˵
֪ˣ
ҶһǸ⣬ֵֵͮͮزҲԸ⿴ġ
޷
ͮͮҶһۣһ˿ԥĹâ
գͮͮ·¶ĳ־һ˵ֻһ취ܹȥǰߣһżпƬ֮룬һֻ̨Ҫͨش̨뿪սżˡ
ȷиϵĴ̨
ҶЩԥ̲һ䡣
ǺãǾʹӴ̨ߣ
Ҷûѯʰô֪ܣҲû˿ԥ
Ϊ۱ջ̫ˣȻѾ¶һǿѱ֣ڳȥǲˡ
֮һƬ֮ħÿһضѪħѪ϶ɵġ
ԽߣԽǿ󣬰ϵİëʼý޾ɵԴһһٵǰߡ
ͮͮҲһŮıŮ˵ӣѾƣҶҲʼòѪʢ
Ƭħֱ̫֮ǿˣҶеܵ˾޴в
һڰɣ
ҶĹѨеõԴҺóԼһСڣݸͮͮ
ˣ
ͮͮҲ֪ڲǿʱ򣬱ӹҲһڣŨԪٲ
ҲҺһڰɣҿ첻ˣ
۰Ͱ͵ĿͮͮеƿҶ
Ҷûģͬһ룬ʧȥ
ԴҺĲ£һڽӽƬħشѾԿһϵĴ̨بǰ
һ·ϣǲ֪˶Ѿ绯˵ĺǣڴ̨ʬۣԿкܶມǾԲ壬Ϊг
һĻҶдΪ𾪣
֮ǰڽ֮⣬ͼӵֺǵһͺһɽνǿ󵽼㣬û뵽ﾹȻĺǡ
˿Լ֮ǰڻþпһжˣϾȻĴڹǿ
ҶаȴûиͮͮͰܣǼǰС
ڴ̨֮ǿĵطҶı嶼ѿˣͮͮͷڷ˿ƶۣԵøϣҲȻֲסˡ
Ǽޱȵ˴̨ڴһᣬ̨ƿȥ
໣
Ƶʦ֣˿֮̿ȴҽһ
ΪŮͮͮǷǳǿģҩҲֲסˣ׸ߵĴ̨Ҳȥˡ
ΣҶֻüԴӲȥ
ͮͮԭѪɫϸֳΣҲӿ˺ܶࡪղţҶļβ˵ĦƬ֮ĺ
ϰףʲôأ
Ҷ̨´˰żѵվʵ
⴫̨̫ˣȻҪѪܼÿһѪǿ޵鶼ûˣһȻҪѪܼƣⲻǿô




1273 ̨
ϵĴ̨һµĲɣУبﲻ֪ˣûκα仯
̨һ··ѸɺԵѪֳĺںɫ
ȥˣŨҵѪζûɢ̨ҪôӴѪ
̨£Ҷóһ«һռп̻пռƣĿռܴװʮ˺⡣
飡
«óһ̱һƣ˲ˣסǿֲ֮
⡭
Ҷ൱һЩȥ
Ϊֲֿ̫֮ǿˣ¾ǿҲס֮ڳȥΪԼһɱﵣϧ«̫ˣס
ռԣȡ
ҶһĪչʱϿˣ˫ֻһѲĹ켣漴âһȡ˺üĹǷۺ
СӣǴ˭
һĻǶʱŴֲֿ֮ͣҶӲ֮⣬¾ʥ߳ʥӺ͵ĴҲס
Ҷûͮͮİ¼ѵĴ̨̨ϵ֮С˺ܶ࣬Ծɲϵǵ˵ز˾
ҶϵԴҺҲˣٵȥɣ˵ͨƳȥԭ·˻ȥˡ
ѵҪ𣿡ͮͮһֵ̿Ҷȥ
ôǿ󣬵վǸŮˣ־£һļ
ûһ̣һ취ģҶȻԼҲûа취ǰοͮͮһ
ˣ仰ˡ
ǻǵ⣬ڼˡֲͬѪܹƣҪ̫Ѫˡ
˵ָ꣬п˵һ䣺дѪͺˣѪһαܹƣϧˡ
²˳٣ͮͮҲû취ԭ·˻أֻܺҶһգȳȥ˵
еŮѾ߳սżȨõ˽Դսżܵĳͷ
꣡
ͮͮһԼ޵ѪâĿһ㣬źƵʥϢ
ҶͰҲ̽ԼѪϺͮͮѪһ
ѪѪѪѪҺ̨۵Ѫ⡣
ݡ
Ѫ֮һߣߣɲǼ佫̨ϵȫˡ
䡭
һȻϢƵ̨ϣһ֮˷޸һǲϵ壡
֮ȥλħУҶͮͮԼǵжһЩħϢֻǻоѡ
֮Ĳ䣬һǵٵõ䣬֮ɵٻָ
Ҷ徧Ө籦Ϸ·ζһ˿˿˫ۿؼ䡣
˿̣·þһͷҲһսȵȭͷգ
ԣ
ǻǣ֮ǰһȦһͷʨһ㣬һ˫ûͫʵİڶһ㣬˵Ĺâ
Ůͮͮǻָ֮ǰĹˣͬǣʥĹâƺһȻħԣתǡ
Щ仯һɲǼˣ
󣬾ǻ֪ԼϾʲôʱ̨Ϲâʢտʼˣ

ھսżʮĵطһ֮أﵽʯͷûκֲһ𣬻ɳ죬ƺһ˼ĵط
Ȼ
ھﲻԶĵطȴһ亱ʯĹ˽ķʯ˵ﶪ
ģҲ̫Щ˵˿ˣһ쵽Ϣʱ䶼ûУһǰ˷ʯṤһ߳Ľʯӵһһ߷ɧ
ˣ˵ɣȻΪʲôɿûŪͲˡ
һϿƵóһ̹ܣװһ̣һ߳һ߿żĿ󹤸ɻ
үӣ⻰ô˵ʱҿŵÿڿĸʱźǲģѵʲôĻɣ
˲һѺˮ㵽һʯµӰʵ
ꣿߣ
Ͽһܹʮ꣬õ˼ûУȻ˾׼ɣǲḶκαġ
ɣ
һĶʵҲչһŵĵҿݵһ壬˵Լƣ˵ˣЩͨҪıҲ߰
᣿Ǿ֪ˣǲĻҲһġϿ󹤱Ŀ˼һ˵
үӣô£ܸǽ𣿡Ͽ˵Ṥ˶ʱЩˡ
Ƕǳźı꣬ƴȥʮɻȡٻģϿ󹤵˼ƺò֣пܰͷܲ𾪣
ҲգϹͷҲ೤ʱˣͰĻһЩǿҪϸܣһ˭©˷Ƕ
Ͽһĸһ֮˵ʯ˵ĺĻ
ԭÿͻļһͨ׳䵽ڿĴ֮ΪǷ
ΪܹĿ󹤣ǿıñļʥضĿࡣ
ԭҵͶȱȻȴܹõ꣬Ϊûܹʮ꣬ȫĪ˿֮С
ⷢϢǣֱ̮䣬оµĹȫѣ
ʲô˲֪̫Ͽȴ֪ģͲʲôѣ˸๤ʿھ½ʮĿȫɱڿ£αѡ
ȻˣҲʩչһԼҲ˿µļ󣬵ȷ粨ֱӵ󾮣ңڵĿˡ
֮⣬ڿУƬյĵ磬κ鶼пܷᷢһЩ˷˼顣
үӣ˵ڿڵŵ𣿡
һϿ˵ڿַᷢ˼飬ɵԼĴ˵֤
ԺҳˣϿɫ䣬ѵ
аǿǵĽɣڿһҲᡪһаŵĵط̸Щ飬δͻа֡
ǡʲô⣿
ʱ
һĿ󹤻Ȼվһ𾪵ؿѾһ
ƬĿޣʲô˲õĶҪһ㣬Ƶһȵ




1274 
ͱͬʯǳϡУÿһͺܲˣݼʯʮ
ʯγڰǰǸʱ½ŨˮشʱŨۣγʯʯͷ֮Уγɽʯ
ܹռһҲܹ۰ݵһҪԭԴ󲿷ֶʯṩġ
ĿȻϿɫ˲òҰףֵؿ˵һۣڿʼ㲻Ҫˣ
˵꣬Ͽ󹤴ЯŹȥ˵һãȻ
Լҿ飬ǿߺܿ켸ҵӸ˹ȥ
һ˵ĿоϿ˵ʯͷԣпܻд棬鲻Ҫˡ
ȻǿߣǶʯ󲢲˽⣬Ϊ˲δ֪飬Ͽ󹤵Ľ飬⴦󾮡
û뵽ʱ꣬⴦󾮾Ȼ䣬ѵ˵ϿԤԵҪʯ
ڴغȥʲôǿ߶ߵļ˵
壬򲻿ɣģһеʧǿɸΣüȥɣ
㣬㣬㣬ȥʲô£
˵ţһǿָɵԶΧ۵󹤣ȥ鿴
СɣҲҰʮĸԲڴδܵĺӣŹҰɡһָɵµİ
Ѿڿ¸˼꣬һЩ˵Ҳ֪һڿ·䣬Ҫģɲȥ
ôϻϽȥûǿʥĽ⣬һΣյģٸ҆һ㣡ǿ߲ͷ˵
ĿΣв£ȥҲȥֻսսԱ׼˳³ȥ
ʱʢ˲佫棬˵ĶȻֹ·˶һ
һŶգٴʧ˵ƺԾнһ
ôˣΪʲôȥǿ߳˺һ䡣
ȻȴûеõκλӦ˷·һ㣡
ʲôǿüͷһڵϼһʯӣָȥһ˵ĺ󱳣

һ죬Ǳʯӻе󹤾ǱĴһѿһ顣
ǣȻһѪҲûУ·ڽֵһ˲䣬ǵѪҺһ
˻
ڳ˶̲סһֹ̫ǵԤˡ
ǿʥĽ⾹ȻӵħҿûֱȥĻ³ǰһ
ô죿
ǿһʥ̥ǿʵ
ϱ壬ЯǰͬʱϢйȫ£ȴ
ǿɫ쳣ѿ˾ϣȴ˵˷żټ죬˵
⵹Թ˶ôʴȣ֪飬Щ¾ҲȥƼȫ췴鷳ˡ
ϾǲܽеĹȫɱǾֻԼ¾ȥɿˣɲҪĽ
ܿ죬Ϣ㴫أӣΪܿ챦Ҫˣͨǿ߸һȥ
ʲô챦Эӵõܹٳ߸ͷһմﵽͨ
Ͼʱ䣬Ӹƣ޷ҧгݵһˡҶ
ҶгԱĸܵˣ
ҶΪҲˣҶΪԶÿνӴԿļ
ӵӲҵ飬̷飬ͨڵ˸ʯ
ڶһڣӲûʹǫ̂ΪǶʯ̫ˣһݳ޵ġ
һЩҪѪܹ֮⣬ĴƶҪʯΪܵģȻƴ֣Ҳ˷ʯ
ҲԼĴޣԷ޵ٶ죬ȴֻܳһˣȻҲܴٶȻܶࡣ
Ϊ˾ϵʯÿһͷ񣬿ȥ
Ӵ˫һչףԶԶȥ·һƣ˾վڽıϣһ㡣
һ̣Ҳû뵽˼ҹ롯ҶŮͮͮǣںա
䣡
һ죬ѿҶͮͮԼǴ׹ͨĺղͬһˤ˸Ǳ
̵ΣѪҺ̫ǿˣǺɹͷˡˤ߻أվһҡҡλΣǰСǣһ߻Դһ˵
Ҷǿ׳Ȼ˸ӣԼȴһҲûС
ͮͮҶϣӣͮͮҲûʲô¡
Ƭ֮󣬰ǲŻָɻؿһΧǵˣôһ̫źĵϢ
ͮͮҶһ糺죬ŮӶȽϿţ̬ܿ
ŰǵĻͮͮҲɻܿһ£һȷ̫źĵϢѵǵĳ˲ɣ
Լã
Ϊ˻ղŵΣҶͲתƻأ˳ʵ
㶼֪滳ĵ۱ǲϵͷϵģ
ǱӵؿҶ˵ܼ򵥣ǲ̨ͨص̫ź⸽̫źĵϢǾֻһܣпǿʯʱ򿪲ɵ̫źʯ㣬ԲŻ̫źĵϢ
ҶûϺͰ磬֪Ҳ˵һƵʦԸоȻ˵ǾͿ϶ûˡ
ͮͮô죿Ǻһ߻ǻȥҶͻȻʶһϾ⡣
ͮͮԼ˳϶ǿߣһЩ棬һȥȴʲô֪
İɣŮǲҰôģԣκ˲Ϊ㣬㲻ΪҵİȫģҪȥˡ
Ҷȫ˳ͮͮҲˣֻЩ˸УʼգҶûжйκȷıʾ
ҪˣѵûʲôҪ˵Ļ𣿡ͮͮĿҶ۲תɡ
һַǳìܵĸоŮȻʥģͮͮʥ֮ƺһȻȴġ
ɣҴһǹǶĲɣҶ߱ǹľҪͨʶӡͮͮʶС
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ҡ
ҶԺֳӣ̾˿ѡ˳Ĭ
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1275 ſ
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⣬Ǿ͸һƱģǴʯһôǵθڸ󣬾Ȼ׼˼ҵʯˡ
˭ҵʯⲻ֮صĵط϶ǿ߰أҽأƾһ˼ҵʯ⣬ȥɣ
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һĻ𾪲ѣͰ͵ˡצӣ




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1277 ϴʯ
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ΣյĵطȫģҺ¥벻ͲԼҵ԰С
ҿ԰һʿۻ軨𲻵ʲôãһҲû˸ǵ԰Ұ
Ҷڰǵİ£һ˵ĹԼʱס档
ȻЩƷͳͰǵսƷˡ
ҶûпǣԼʯָԼСʯ⡣
Ҷе۱ѾסˣҲͲˣֱӽǴԼռС
ء̫˷ˣһδհôʯ㹻üˡǳռ䣬һļʯ⣬ʱ
Ȼ
ûߵǰͲһɿֲ֮ǰʱɲס˽Ų
֮ǿ˵£Ȼֵܹһ󣬵ҲԸȥֹ
Ҷ֮ħƿȻ󷽵ؽʯȫ֮á
⣬ֱʯеԪתΪҶҪſԡ
ʱҺ¥ҳ˴ǿߣѰҶطӰӣҶȴ൱ÿţСƺţӹɡ
ȻˣÿҲҪҲҪʯ̺ԼΪ硣
ֻҪдʯ֧ţҶϼûƿģϴҵʯ˺üʯЩƷ൱ġ
ʯ֮ڴﵽ˱͵״̬һЩܹʥ̥ˡ
̬ô˺ķʯȥʯŹģ
Ҷʱĳǰ׷ߣҲǾĿɿڴ




1279 
Һ¥ݣ򶼲޵ǳжҶĻѰ䡣
Ҳ뵽ҶȻͶƤӵ£ôǿʯʥ̥ڡ
֪һУƵѪ
Ҷ԰֮Уһ㣬أɽˣ
źʯҶȫѨһһеķ˸
ÿһѨУԭõӰӾȫʵˣΪ͵һʥ̥
֮£ҶԼ·һһ㣬鲼ȫѨһſŷǣҫ۵̫
ǳޡ
ʯȫһ̣ҶȫһٰʮѨͬʱҫ۵ĹâʥΪһͼ
䡭
һȻĪƴɢ쫷һϯռ䡣
ҶڵʢѪ纣İȴûг⣬ʥҲ޷ֱ˴ˡ
һٰʮѨеӰᣬΪһС͵ʥ̥̬죬һ㡣
ͻˣ
Ҷĵʯ֮󣬳ɹͻƵʥ̥ڣʵ˴ߡ
⵽ʲôʣȻ˱̬ͻһʥ̥ڶѣĵʯȻѰͻƵͨڻҪࣿ
ǹ˰죬ܽʣ
Ҷûǵ죬Ĺ̾硣
ͻʥ̥֮ҶʵһʵȴʼŪףԼΪʲôȱ˶˶ʥ̥
˵֮⣬һʮŸѨеʵӰʥ̥һֻ֣̬ˡ
о˰죬һΪǾ͵龰
辶κһֹͬȫκһѨԵ
ôʥ̥ʱ򣬳˵⣬ĸѨҲǿʥ̥ġ
Ҷѡ˵Լʥ̥ѨӦʥ̥ӰӣҲ˵Ǳ̥
Ͽ̥ʣҶܾùֵֹģΪ̥Ҷļвʲôôʡ
ʲô֮ܶС͵ʥ̥չֻкôûлģȻڻЩʥ̥к
Ȼʥ̥ˣ֮ʱĵʯҲɱӣҶһûκα˵һ޴ĸ
֮ܿͻƵʥ̥ڣҵʯҪԭʯдŴʯԼҪͻƼǲܵġ
ЩÿҹҶİ£ȫͿϹ׻ңȻСȥ¡
ҶҲֻһ䣬һ˷֣ǧܰ
ʱ䣬һǵùˣһӵѪİǣûκηĻͱˡ
ҶһռڲϰƽĿռ䣬װϼͷ޻Ǵ´ġ
Ҳܾ̫ѹͲȥǣ̫̫ӣר
ӣרŻ޵ĸ˵ùˣÿ춼޶ʧȴץ֡
֮£ֻ㱨˱ʱףʣĸ֣һҪ¡
ηС͵ҵޣҪҴ㣬Ƥ̡
ʱݣĵλ½ĺʲô˶ۻˡ
Ȼ
żϻǣҶһټȫޣҲĶԼҵ޸öҹǿһ㶯û֡
Ӽŭģ˵˾ԭʥ̥۷弫µʥ̥۷壬ʱǲٳˣֻڼҾ
ҾͲˣһֻ͵޵ץס򣬵ҪǺηʥ
ҳʧԣޱ͵ѾΪЦ˶֪ҳ˼Ҹ͵顣
ﵶˣδ棿
ͬʱ˻ˣô죬һҲûУֳ飬òԮ
ϣ޵ĵطǶ˸ţȻѾ仯СèСѾ⣬һֻӷɽҲҪɱ
ʿǿ
һ֮ܵУףһӱ㱻ԭΡ
㣿
ȻҲֻ֪ɶ񵽼İǣһ͵Լ޵ľȻǰǣ̾뵽Ҷ۾ˡ
ҶС˵Ҿ㲻Ƥңɱڡ
Сôģ˵Сӵ䣬ҲŹԣҾ㣡
֪ԼԲĶ֣ҪѰһߡ
ֻҪ򣬰ܹ˦ӰӶ
Ҫˣһ˵ǿɱֵĳ嶯˵
ҾҲûãǲŵģҴȥɣı֮ߣΨжϣ
òҪˣĺѿ
һ֣һҵĸ֣ܼŰǣԼȥҶ
ҲǳڽûгֻʵʵĴ·
ӻ޵ĺɽǴǶһȦӣֱʱҵ԰
㲻ڹˣǰɣôоȦӣһǿߺʵ
Ųǣǰʱ·ߵģҲʶ·
һ߽ŵıԲߣһſ˵ˣкôǵĿҶСӣֲң͵һЩпյʱʮ޶û⡣
˵ĵҲмֵ
֪Ѿѧ¼ٵ׷ǲô˵ʱû
ԼĸڣôǿߣҲˣʲô
ֻҪܽҶɱǷһͷʲô˿ҵ
뵽㳷ϾʱάҲǸСģҪԸҶ
Сӣϵˣ
ʧһɲǣǷ·˼Ѫһವһ´ܳȥףЦȥҲ

λ󶯣û뵽ȻһֻǸˣˣٴηų
ٱˣ
ֻ׷ǲչٶȷӵ£紩Խռһ㣬˲ӽҵ԰֮С
֮
԰ڣκ˶̫¾ԼӢ顣
׷ҲҪֻǸܻ׽ˣ
һ׷԰УǿҲ̸˽
ء
ǸɺһСӣˣ
䣬ǱСӹ˳ȥ
ţ
һǵҶ֪ˣ϶һ͵˷ˣԼҲˡ
䣡
룬ҶĹѨгһȭΧǽչ׷ǲӶݡ




1280 ɱն
׷
˫۷죬ֱҪˡ
ҶȻһĹѨУôķ϶ˡ
ǿҲ̣ˣҴûгԹôĿģض˸ˣ
î˾׷ϣҶͰܣһǳӵһǳء
ʱҲͨطϵ¥棬ǰ½أҲҪҶɱ
¥λܳĴ˶ҶУҶνһسĺޣõϢ̱֮ǿ߶ǰȥ½Ҷ
׷ǲ¼٣ȻҶԶԶûΪһʼ˦ˣԤ;϶ڵռϢʼû׷Ͱǡ
ϰף᲻ɱ󣿡
ʼս׷ᣬҶݣܴǣ׼̻һɱ󣬽ҵ˿ɱһ˵
ʯɱҪʯģôǵʯͱĴˣǶҶۡ
㲻ʯеʯûһ£ȽŪʯٲ㡣Ҷ˵
У˭֪˵㲻ǲͬ⡣
ϰףʱˣһƭ㣿ɱǳҪ׷ϣʱһ군ҪʯëãҶѵ
ðɣ˵㻰պʯңҧ㣡Ҳ֪Ҷ˵ѡͬ⣬ȴҶպ뻹ʯ
ҶͰһ֮أҰǧûκֲһս
ʱҶѾ˦ûӰˣȻԾܹѭԼϢѰҹҶҪչһҲš
ͻƵʥ̥֮Ҷʥ󺣣ݽƣ۵ĸо
ȭͷľŲʯŻָһЩʼ̻ɱ
ɱ׺䶥󣬺úѧŵ㡣ǴצӲϵڵϿ̻һһš
ҪĲϣſԣɱȴҪֻҪ㹻ʯһЩ۵ĲϾͿˡ
֪Ҷ׻ʯҲ̻ɱ󡪡û׻ʯۣ׺䶥ˡ
æһ磬ڽɱ̻ˣ۵ͷˣſڵϲϵش
ˣװˣ㽫ɱˣҶ۲óڰǰ
һڱ㽫۲ҧ°ȥı˸⣬ȵľ˲ָ˲١
ǽҶ׳׻ʯҪϣȻڵºܶʯ
ⶼǱ
һʯһ۵ֱ£ԣ˷ǿɳܵġ
ЩɱˣǵĿռȫģֲʧ˰ɣҶ°͵ϣȸ˸Ԥ롣
ÿһʿԼĿռǿռ涼һЩĲϣȻˣʯġ
һΪƴˣ
Ϊ˵õĿռؽʯġ
ҹĻ٣һж׼ͣҶͰ֮еţţ˱Ȼҹ̵׷ġ
עһѪҹһˣ˵ӡ
ܽһ򾡣Ҷգҹ쪣죬죬Ǻӳı
ˣһǰҲһˣ
ʱҶʶǰԤ
ЩΪ׵ǿ߲ϵ׷ɱ𾪣֪£ܶϵʿһҶһȭ򱬣ĺܶϾôġ
ɽͷϣҶһʯԼϢ״̬йעɱ
ɱֻǱñײȥɱˣԣҶҪȣ˽ɱɱٷ
ҲԼϢһͭĴ۾ضɱֻҵĸܽɱ
Ƭ֮򶫣ҵĴ׷˹ۿҪɱˡ
˿̣ɶ¥¥¥ҵĴǿҲ˹
Сӣе鷳ɱסһʿû⣬סеˣһǴɱǾֻˡڵǿʶɱЩɵˡ
ҲҪһҪǺɱֻҪסУȫɱˡҶҧ׷ԼôãҲǸˡ
˵䣬ҵǿѾɱ֮У¥Ҳдˡ
ܵˣǹɱ
¡¡
һ죬رɫɱƬռȫˡ
ô£ʲô
ãǱˣ
Һ¥ҵļʥ̥ʿǰԱ㾪ˣһֵ̿˵
ΧһƬɣзֲˣڵ֪ԼеʱǶʱһ¥˿ȥ
ҪţʲôСС󷨻κβǣһϺȣס˵
Ǿͳ׺䶥ζɣһЦ̽Уצӻ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɱ֮Уһ״ֱӽ¥ʵ΢ĵ˷ɻң
ͬʱҲмʿ㲻±ʣµĸϽԼֿס
ҡ
¥һʥ̥۷ʿҽһڣ̶һ˲㰤ǿҲֲסˡ
䣬¥ǿ߳ױ˽̿궼ˣ
ǣƥǣǲ׷׷úˬñ͸һݴ񣡡
ɱָһ׾еһҺ¥ҵһʿѡ
ģһҪɱ㣡
һǿһ߼ѵĵһ߷ݺ
٣ûˣǱ·ɣ
ǲףһʮ˵ȥֱӽҵǿҶûʣ¡
ȻǵʵôɱУǾԵףûɱк⡣
Ҷûнɱ󣬶ɱ¥ҵЩ©֮㡣
ҶģҸƴˣ
¥һʥ̥۷ǿߺ۾һͷݺݵҶȥâɡ
·
ҶһЦһȭâ飬һѾǰһײֱӽײˡ
Щ¥©֮㶼һЩʥ̥ʿҶͻʥ̥֮ʥ̥ͺҵˡ
ͬʥ̥ЩҶһжŲҶһȭһϤ򱬡
̶ʮϢ¥ǿ߱㳹뿪磬ֻһصĲ֫ʹ̱ǵѪζ
Щ֮Ҷĳһֱۣӽɱ֮С
ڰУƺ˫۾ڶҶҲ֪ʿԶԶع
¼֮Щ˾͸һЩ˰ɣ
аǴڸĿھҶɱƽأûһ෴ɱݺأɱҺ¥ҵʿ
С֣ˣһֻ㣡¥ߵ࣬Ƕչˡ
ҶɱԼˣ¥÷ζըˣŭȣ
ƥԼǿʲô£ҺͬĻҲһ㣡
ҶͲӽ¥ǿߣֻһζĻɱǵˡ
Һ¥ҲвǿʿҲκǲãҲû취Ҷ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻҪ΢һ㣬Щ׾ܶɾ޴˺ƵǲòȫӦԣ
ˣ
Ҷһѵ׵ʿǰ
ɱңûôף
ʿǳ׺һҲûкµ˼˵ֿףֱȼԼʥ̥Ҷǿһ
ûã
Ҷһȥһʥɵľ޴ѹֱӽˡ
䣡
׽䣬ֱӽʿҲûҷ
ಣ
Ҷһ¥ǿǰٷϻһƽˡ
ɱУҶ磬һҲûϣոһ㣬ÿһȭÿһƶһ
ǿͨʿҲסʮ˵
Һ¥ҵǿһѪУûڣĿˡ
ʱ
ҶͻȻһףһ׼Ҳûеʱͷˡ
Ҳ̺֮ԵҲûж̫˺
ǣʲôҶŭ
ƫˣǺٺһЦֿȥȥˡ

Ҷ԰̫˽ˣĿ֮ƫˣҲš
ڲǼƽЩʱҶչ׷ǲɱеҺ¥Ҹһһɱ
ȥǰ취ǵ취Ƶ󣡡
һƬԼ˶Լ֮У¥ֽӽ֮
¥ҲԼչסѾΪˣ֮
̶һӣҶͰǱɱҺ¥ϰˣȻҲջ˲ٵͿռ
Сӣʱ䲻ˣסˣɣǶɱ̫˽ˣ֪һ˻һ϶סǣ鿪
š
Ҷͷղڻɱ¥һͨǿߵʱ򣬳䲻ǿʶõһҪ鱨Ǿ¥ʯλá
¥Ϊһеȼ壬ûԼʯģǵʯչ֮⣬Ż߼塣
Դ¥Ҳ֮Ҳǲٵʯƽʱڼصĵطš
ǿǡ֪ʯλãҶ˼ʱ
ϴϴҵʯͷ˴ʯȻҲϴһ
ϰס
ҶԼļƻһ˵˷ܵð⣬½ɱȫ漤߳ǿ׽¥סȻҶֱ¥ҵһʯȥ
䣡
ҶͰǸո뿪ɱȻƣ¥ֺɱڵ˳һӦɿҶߵķ׷ȥһز֫ͽڵʬ塣
һĻðпӵʿǳˣҺ¥ңֶԸһʥ̥СʿȴôͷʧپӢ
⡭עдʷ




1281 
ҶͰͨɱ󣬻ɱϰ¥ҺҵľӢٴ
ǲҶֶΣҶĳɳٶȣ
Ҫ֪ڽʱҶһԪ۷СС϶ѣô̵ʱھȻͻƣһԾΪʥ̥ڵʿ
ٶʵ̫죡
¥ֺߺǰȥ鿴ƬսĺۼϵݺύӣʯŲ֫⣬Ƭռһɴ̱ǵĽζһɴսĲҾ
ЩѾĿĽʬϣһЩ˴ƲսĴ¾һֵɱ
˶ʿɱȻҶȴδˣɹߣЩű˼ʿȻľ
ҶһʿĿбҶĳ֪ɵһͨӵĻҶпĳܴˡ
ϸ֮Ҳò̫ܣǿսУûȫԱ֮ǰֻԲġ
һսҶչʾѪһ棬Һ¥ʧأǿԵԪˣ
һʱ䣬йҶϢɣ޼ˣÿ춼Ϣ
кܶʿſֵҺ¥ĺ棬뿴յĽҶܷ׷ɱ
ȻҲŸֻٵϢԴԪű֮ԪǱΪˣʾɵأ
ҲǾ޵۹Х˼
Ըͦ˽ѡ
ĬĬϣҶܹӹһ٣ĥпٳɳ
ΪҶİȫ鲻ϧǧﴫѶԼ棬۱һϸг棬ڱҪʱҶһ¡

ڹעҶĶʱҶ׼ȷ˽⵽¥ҵİ˴ʯĵص㣬׷ǲ˫Ͱһȫˡ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ҲΪ˱Ⱪ¶вأҶֱӽսռ֮УȴƳƣԼÿһֱչռ䣬ʯػһߣһҲͣ
¥Ϊ׷ɱѾеĺȫʣЩػʯĶһЩֶͨѣҶǾȥֱӴɱ䡣
¥׺ȻѾÿζһ˸ϵʱԭʯֻʣһӺһ¥˵ʬ壡
׷ǲ¼ٵĲһ˸ɽ뷽֮䡣
¼ٵĺ壬µʱһʱնת׷գĦŪҲڻ¡
ּٵĲҶǿûб¥׺ǿ׷ϡ
ҶҲ̳ܵĳǳӣϾ̫һǿصĻԼǳ
ԣϴ¥Ұ˴ʯ֮⣬Ҷ˼ĻɽҰбۣ
̵ΣЩ겻ɢ׷ôʱˣȻҺ¥ЩƶľʵЩͷۣ
ҶҲǣǲںؼ¥׺ǿ߸˼鷳
֮·ֹÿһһƬµأҶܹʥ̥ڵΪ״սͨڵǿѾΪ죬ҪԸǿߣǲܵġ
ôҶҲ֪Լһ׷ϻʲôĺ
ʣ¥׺˾Բ׷ŹģƤ¶ġ
ô죿
Ҷͷʹһ·ѾͻƵʥ̥ڣûƬϢʱҲЩԲ
ұƼҾɱǵȥ˴һ군ҶĿ
ѾƵ㣬ҲҪҺ¥ҸصĴۣ
֪ǣЩһЩ¼ʹһЩʥغϴڵʥΪ𾪣
ʥ̥ڵΪȻܹȻųԱ綼˵Ǿ޽С
ɫˮһԲʱٶǿˣȻһսʧ˹룬ĶڵѪ
¥׺ŭ£ҵʧԶԶû¥ҵʧһȫҲ˲١
Ҫǣ¥ԶûӴļҲû̫Դһ׷ɱҶ˵Ԫˡ
ܹ˳Ҷɱ¥ûмָ֮ǰĶʢ״̬
Ψһ¥׺еЩοǣҲûΪ¥µ¥ңˡ
һ·׷ɱûнҶץסҶնɱϰԼˣ¥׺˶ŭ˼¡
ܲ˵ǣһЩݺµʿſ֣ųԱڹҲס
Ҳ֪Щ϶Щ˵Ŀڴп½Ҳ֪ˡ
ݺύÿӴĸݵأκһĴ򶼻һʱ֪
ҲǶӴˣȻܺ͵塢ʥءϴȣܹ۰һҲǾͨļ塣
ҷ飬ЩſֵȻϾ֪ˣ˵֪䣬ҶѾˣĴҲ֪Ҷ֣
Сӣ벻һݣЩ׷ɱǵļһȫ
һٿ֮󣬰΢Ϣһ£ͻȻ뵽ʲôҶʵ
Ȼˣа취
Ҷһ񣬰һȻڻʱҲôףؼʱ̻óģӣ
Ȼˣ˭ϵ¶һ޶ܵİſڿӵˣһɡ
ˣƶˣʲô취˵Ҷ˰ǵĻ
ܼ򵥣ͬһӣҪЩΣǽƻЦһ¡
˵
Ҷһƺץסʲôص㣬ֲ֪Ǿô
ûҪһɱ󣬾ӽ֮֮棡Ҷ˵ԼĴ㡣
ţ
ҶԣǰһȫУ֮е̺֮µ֮ʿҲ޷ֿ
ôҪʲô
ڲɱҶһϲͨȻҲܲһЩ֮С󷨣漰ӴɱͲˡ
ʲôҲžˣҪһЩռĲϣǴڿ̻ƣм֣ҶͰﲻæ
û⣬˾ۻݺϻ֮⣬ƾãҶ൱󷽣ԼռĲһȫ˰ǡ
ЩòţǺˣֲǾˡ
֪ǿҶ޸ĲϺӣԭ򣬰ѵõṵ̂ĵȥռΪУֻҶĲѡ˼ɱزٵĲϡ
ˣʣµľ֮ˣɱɱϰһⶼûУ
ʮ㡣
Ҷڴ


1282 һ򵱹
ĳǣ˼壬һϹʱĳǳأΧһƬʮɽ֮⣬ʲôҲûУֲϡ١
һĵǳ
ĻȻʺ棬ھĳǼˣʺΪս
ҶͰ˰죬ͽɱһ˵ˣݰ˵طɱɹͨɱˡ
СӣαΪ㣬Ƿ˲
ͷ˵̻ɱʵ۵òᡣ
¥ҵʯָսƷҲȫ㣡ûȰ˵꣬ҶĻֱӰѺô˵ˡ
Сӻеģ
Ϣ˰죬һѵʯһ
ɱȻѾúˣҶɱеǣ
ðǸ̻һƣֻҪƾͿ˲գԽ֮ɱ֮С
ɪɪҶվһɽͷϣ˫âԶҺ¥ҵ±ǰΪ̺õĴơ
֮ǰҶһ£ִƻ㲻ֻҪһűܼɲǼԶݰ
ԣҶ޿֣ҪҺ¥ǿԼսжǿ
Ƭ̣¥׺һٶ׷ԶԶر㿴վɽͷϵҶȴûǵټ
˵ҪֻҪҶסǲûзϡ
ৣ
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Сӣôˣ
¥һͨڵʿɱڵʵ
ҶνǺ֮ǣֵܶҶȭͷ֮£˿̳˼ۺ죡
ӣΪʲôҪӣҪѾﵽͨɱնݣ
ҶڣдڣаǲõɱڣһҲġ
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¥ͨڵǿԴŭҶȻСǿ벻̣ս
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¥׺ضҶڣжЩɻ󡪡Ҷʵ̫޿ˣȫ֮ǰ磡
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Ͼ֮ǰɱνǰ֮
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Сӣǰ
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Ҷս죬ҪԼɹ˿ӲӲĺͶӲƴ
Ҳãʶһͨİףһûдﵽͨվϣ
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¥󾪣ȫǳҵǹâͲ֪һӣ
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ۣ
Ҷһǹ¥µĻӰˣһƬԪɢڿУ¥ȴδˣ
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ߣܹͨģɱ㣡
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˵գ¥һˢˢһģһķֲֳͬҶȥ
Ȼǿ󣡡
壬ǵڰ
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һɱУҶݺأɱնݣ֮¥׺޲ߣղţǹ۲˰죬ֲè壬µˡ
Ȼ
ʿĻδ䣬սѾֳʤ
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ۡ
Ѫ쭶¥һкǧ

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һ棬ͨڵʿҶɱ

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ৣ
ҶӲŲ׷ǲն¥׺Ŀ⡣
ͣ
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׺ǰСӵٶ̫ˣҳְɣ
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¥׺Ҳʶǿɱ⣬ٳ֡
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䣬ұվһˣʮ£࿴ȥͨȴһǿߵţ
ԼְɣЩɱ٣û㣡ҶֳǹݣڰΧ֮УȴһҲֻš
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ɱ
çҲȭɱɫȭâһ¶һԶҶĲҧȥ
ʥ̥
Ҷ΢һ㵣Ѿնɱһͨǿߣ˿̾Ȼһʥ̥ģⲻŰ
ҶһҲûҴ⣬ȻǰȻ̣ԼСӦ¥׺ŭˣԼȦף
ƽ£
Ҷһǹ̳߱ǹɫǹâ֯һӽçȭâˣ
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ⷢˣɫͷȻһɫҶֹ
ţ
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󣬲Ҷ֮ӦĶֱӽΧˣ˲
ҶٴλظסȴһжӣתԼһƬɫ˫ҲеӣӸҡҡ׹

ҶӣçЦƹҲҵ涾ҿ㻹ôҶ
£ç޷ֱҶȥ׼Ҷܻ񣬽䡣
أҪùˣ
Զһ֮أǹЦҶд֮νٶ֣ç


1283 ׽
ţ
çӽҶͻȻоף
ΪҶûпκӦеľͿ־壬ֹЦԲһо綾Ӧеı顣
һ̣ͻȻ뵽Լ涾жӦûŶԣҶɫϣԲ涾Ӧе
ϵˣ
çٺˣϧѾˣȻѾ˽ǰҶߣ
ž
ҶһƳȥնˣϽɫĴֹâɣһϽɫ̫ݺݵçϣ
飡
çǰһشľ˲ѣȻըڿУ·һѪ֮һ

çҽһ껯һ⣬ķȥֻҪڣܶ
ߣߵ𣿡
ҶһüȻѿһɫСͻƿռ䣬˲׷ǵâ֮ڿУ
һţʹ䣬궼ɱˣ

ֳһƬžҺ¥ڶǿ߱Ҷֶˡ
˭Ҳû뵽̶һ˲䣬Һ¥ҾȻһǿߣҶҶľҪߣ
λǿƤӵ·飬ʵǸеޱ𾪣һ˭ҲóȻǰˡ
Ҷս˵Ԥϣʥ̥ڵΪȻͨڵǿߣ̫˼ˣ
˭һս
ҶݺᣬɨһҺ¥ҵڵӣ
⡭
Һ¥ҵǿȴû˸ȥˣҶԴݿʵͨڵʿˣȥѰ·
ԳְɣҪЩˣҶɨһ¥׺ˣǧ˵
󵨣

Һ¥ҵڶӷ׷׺ǳ⣬Ҷһʥ̥ڵССϾҹȻԼ峤ڱ塣
ܲ˵ǣҶȻô˵˵ԼЩǷʵ
һϣͷҲԵס
Һ¥ҵĵŭˣ֪һһ޷սʤҶ£Զ۹Ҳ˲ˣֱȺŹ
ҶһЦݵһǺ簡ôΧһȥҲ±˳Ц
Ҷ仰ɱΪԶƲУҲвʿȥԼйעһС
ҶѾʮΧЩ֪Ҷˣֻʱ⣬ǿǰûκϣ
ҶԾɸһ⣬Ȼ˲ɱǿߣһѾ˻Ӱͨͨڵǿߡ
ս½ҲΪ
ǶòϣҶȷһţϧעҪز޷ɳ
ȻˣһЩԶʿѾʼ½Ѿܾûгôˡ
һ˱ʱǿ̫ˣ½ӭһǰδеķʢ
Ȼִȴʲô
šһλѾ൱˲ˣһ߰˸ʮʱԤڽĵ·ϾԻһƬȷѪꡣ
£ֲ˵ģɣҲı䲻ˣϣ
һǿɫ˼£âһ֣жű깳
ৣ
˫ҶĲնȥ
ĶӺ¥ҵһڵҲ׷ǰ




һʱ䣬貵̻һ㣬գ̵ۣ
ҶɲΪƾԼһܹ֮סôǿߵΧһţƣԭʧˣֻһ˸Źâơ
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¥׺һߣ˫âһճȥ
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׷ƣֻܴͰ֮ң̱׷ϣ
¥׺ҲоһƵ·֪ⲻһСĶ̴̳ƣǧ
ǵ٣֮׷ϣԣûнƷϣ
ಡ
¥׺Ĵ£Һ¥ҵٷУҶߵķ׷ȥ
ԭкְֲǿƣ
ԶΧ۵˱ǰһĻˣҶȻĺ֡
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Щսʿ̶Һ¥ȥķ׷ȥҪյĽ
ৣ
ҶгɱıԵһɱ֮С
˿̣ɱûмҶɱдУûκ⣡
Ҳ֪ʲôط֮ΪȫȥˣֻҪֹ֮Ͳᱩ¶
ҶСӣ
һĲҶ̧̧צӣʾȫĵطüɱ
Сӣ
¥׺û뵽ҶٴβһɱڿҶӰһɲǣͬʱŭһ׷
ಡ
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ǼЦһצӺݺڵϵһƽڵȥ
䣡
ɱ󼤻رɫƶ
һѲ·Ӵڶ𣬸ڿУʮ
εɱⷽ𶯣
С
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ĻôҺ¥˵һκƽ١
¥ҵ峤ʧɱ֮УҶķݣȫɱ¥עҪ군ˣҲԻԪˡ
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Ҷ֪ܲܽ¥׺ǿɱȴ֪һսעҪѪɺӣݣһ
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Һ¥ſ棬ܶʿߣԣûжԸ˵
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
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ҶСӣΪƾһɱĽסɣ
һͨڵʿһȣһƬ⣬ʼͻΧͼ뿪ɱֵķΧ

һ紵йЮ˸׹ĹǷۣϣ

˴һ˥ߣתۼһʮҵ˱ͷѩףͣƵĳĺˡ
飡
ţͨڵǿݽߣըѿˣ궼ʧˣ
С
һĻñɱеҺ¥˵һ״Լ峤濴ȥ
ʥ̥ʿңղҲԾԾԣڿͨڵʿֲɱʱ󼹱ð
ǹͬƾٳ̽ɱģȻ̶һ˲㱻ɱڷ
״ֲ̫ԸֱɱҲԶ֮֮󣬱
ɱңҾ·ӽ¥ҽڣ
Ҷվɱ֮У֮ϢĿɨɱе¥Һˡ
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Ǵĵɱңڷ̫ˣһ£УǻŹ𣿡
ҶⷬҺ¥˶ĬȻˣ˫Ѿǲ֣֮Ҳ޿ɺǣ
ߣҪΪɱܱסգӣɣ
¥׺ŭһ˿ûʶǰɱ




1284 ɱ

ŭȣ¥׺չɱпжҶһȭ
Ϊ¥ҵ棬¥׺ʮǰʹﵽڣʵԨɲ⣡
ҵȭâգɢſµƺҪ䴩
ϰӣ˴󣬱㵱
Цһɱһ֮ɵĳǹ¥׺̫Ѩȥ
ɱ𣿲ˣ
ǹȥȻѸû̫¥׺˿ûзϣһץȥֱӽǹץУ
ৣ
һ̡
¥׺ץһֵһ֣ɫȻұ䣬æת֮Ƴ⣡
ٺٺ٣ϰӣ֮ɵĳǹζɣ
ǷؿЦֻ֮ͨɱƣ¥׺Ȼֽӣ
֮ģ
¥׺֣̿Ҳû֮ǰɺ͵иܵвɱзɳпֲ֮ĹǷ衣
ͻΧȥһҪȥ
¥׺޷ֲֵ֮Һ¥˶ˡ
־壬ǵͷû˿Աƽ¥׺˰Ӧ
Ψĺܴһ·ȫ
Ҷúݣɱôˣ˾Ҫһ򾡣
Һ¥˿վɱеҶ־ŭͬʱĸе˿־塣
˴˱˴ˣǶô׷ɱңҪ˵ݣһ
ҶЦݿ䣬ЦݿҺ¥˵УôǶħ΢Ц
Ƿʲôÿñɱǣ˷ܵ۷Ź⣬׷ôãܹһˡ
壡һҪȥ
Һ¥֪ҶѾûʲô˵ģ˫ǲݣôҶҲԼ
䡭
һɹɿֲϢɱţ֮䣬Һ¥ҵֱȼԼʥսͬʱһͼһ·
꣡
˸һɱڶ羪һ㣬ɨҺ¥ҵˡ

һͨڵǿ߱ɱɸӣͷ­߰˸͸Ŀ

һ¥ҵǿ߱ɱֱն⽴ڷ
Ҷǿ̸̸
ſһƬռ䣬ѵرߵļԼǿߣ˵
̸̸ˣ
Ҷ˿Ϊ



£ҶҲˣȭɫȭâɽһգոһ
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סְɣΪ㽫ɱԼͰȫˣֻҪˣҲ͵ˣ˵вζ
ҵģǿˣ
Ҷû˿仯߱ǹȭÿһһ

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в˵ֻ֮
ֲֿ֮Ѫ϶ɣ˵Ҳ⡣
ҡ
飡
һ¥ҵǿ֮߱ɵһ΢ĲҽУķѣڷ궼ʴˡ
Ҳ
һͨڵǿҲܲס֮ϮԱʥ̥ϣܹһٷһͬ·
ϧעҪʧˣ
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һɱɱ
ɱ֮У¥׺֮⣬ûҶĶ֡
ټԱ߻һͷǣٿɱòֺܶǿʿɱɱˡ
⽫һ
ݣ˵һ쫷磬ǿļ֣׷ɱһʥ̥ʿû뵽շ˼һ塣
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Ȼ˫ĳԹѾ޴ӻ⣬Ǿ;ܵԷ
֮ס֮󣬲ϵؼɱһܼɱǣô־սķǵ
ҶݵĽһ鱦ռټ鱦ͿռȻҲһЩĲϺҩҩ֮ġ
ҶȤڣ棬ȭ߱ǹ¼ٵ׷ǲ
ùʹ򣬴򲻹ܣ¼ڣֻҪ粻ǳ̫࣬ûж׷
Ȼˣǰǲ˶½סٿĲҲûã⻹Ҫű˽ռ䡣
ЩǿʿԽһƬռ䣬ƬռУֻܽܳӵ¼Ҳûá
ʱһȥ¥׺˵ԽԽ΢ʼվǲ
ܹƴĻƴˣ֮ΧǣɱʮǸͳ岻ȥ˵Ҷƴˣ
ڣǵģҲ쵽;ƿݵĽ׶ˣ
Ҷһ¥ҵĵӻɱͬʱ¥Һҳˣ
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ʲôΪʲôǶˣػõĵӼֱԼ۾
ÿһյƶżһǿߵʲôܹôʱڽȫɱ
ҿػõĵֱӽѾû취ˣʵڲ֪ô˵
ôĸҶˣ
ڿ׷ɱҶȫʱ򣬲ʹȥ
ЩȻȫҲҵ൱һмôûˣ
΢еοǣĻȻţ
Ȼ
һ̣ĻͻȻ£Ȼâʢյö
貵̻һ㣬Ѥ֮ǳ׵šĻ֮󣬳Ϩˣ

ʧУһƣȴҲоκĲˣ
˭˭ɱ
ŭֱվ죬תطĸӦ֪ĵص㣬һĿٸȥ
ҪֽɱǧУң




1285 ɱ
֪ΪΣ뿪֮ã˵ҶѲ˸ϵ
ܣԲܣ
ҡҡͷԼָо
ҶûʵܹɱĻǼֱ̫ˣ
洩ٶȿ쵽˼㣬·дһ㣬Ҷڵĵطȥ
콥ˣԶЩȥΧ۵ʿ˵ҹͰ粢ûжһܹüɱеľ
֮ʴ£ȼֲסˣΪԶû¥׺ôǿҲûô
ڼʱ֮;ƿݣһȫҵĹâ껯һݺݵҶȥ
ҲҶᣡ
ಣ
ҶæܣǱڼϻһѪܵĿӡ

ҶһһŶȥ϶Ȼһſڱ㽫ĳȥ
һۣδϣʥصʥƽƽǿߣɱ֮У׻ҷ
һĻΧ۵˿ľ
ҵ峤λͬһ㣬Ӻĸףǵǿ˵ȴҶ۾Ҳգһµظˡ
£עȻ󲨵ģŪҵǿ˶
ͬʱ¥׺Ҳ֪ƾԼǾ޷ͻɱ󴳳ȥģҪľǾܵӳԼȴǰԮ
һ̣֪ȻٶȸԼֻҪֵлĻˡ
Ȼ¥׺Ѿ;ƿˣҶԾɲҿֻǿɱе޾ɱ¾֮ɱ׼
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ԣÿԲ֮ҹҰԷйʱҲʱһˮ»ֱ븹С
Χ۵˻ɢȥϢѾͨ˳ȥעҪȻ󲨡
Ƭĵطԩ˻Ѫȵζ˱ǣŨҵϢ·ĵظ
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Ҷ֪Щ˿϶Լ˵ٴδ߶ɱ¥׺ȥһγɫĴצ¥׺ײȥ
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ûбκҲȲ㣡
ǿһſ³һųҵĻ棬ǵĿǡ

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ߣԲѣ
Χ۵ߣð֮踡
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Ҷ׼۱ƴһʱͻȻһصͰһͬԴֵķΧ
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˵ҶɵһӶѣӦúʥûκιϵɣôпʥأ
֮ԶΧ۵ʿʱ˭Ҳ֪߾ʲôˡ
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ǵļУܹʥǿһȷǷĻݣ
ҲҾԿ϶Ϊ̫ˣкܱǿ߲ʥʵ٣ҶĺĳʥǿйϵҲ˵
˴սؽ־ʣֻ߻ΪһҶԴǿ߶
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ײ죬񱩵쫷磬ƺХΧ䣬գ

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ϣ֤ɵ۵ߴ񹦱䣬һҲȴ
ڰǿһĴ۴񹦱ǿΪõ
ߵźûԼȫʢʱ֤ɹţԼһҲֻ࣬Ҫȥض̴ܹ񹦱֤ɹδɵԸ
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ϷѾ飬ִԲݹϷֺˣ
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һ㲻ɣ
ԴһֱȼսһɿֲϢɢ

ӭԴԼǿһƬˣѿһֲķ϶
иĵĹ涨һĶԹһ˲ò֣ѵ㶼𣿾Ȼд֮£Ϸóѣ
ߵϣЩԶΧ۵ҲС
ЩΧ۵ʿ׷׵ͷ˵һҲûҺ¥дȣǸͲռӺҶ۵Ļ޻˵Ҳֹ
Һ¥Ҳɳ˴ǿɱҶɳ˴һǿߣ¥׺漶ҲԳˣⱾΥ˹أ

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߷һƣֱӽԴɳȥԶ
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ǿסӵԴ֣ؿһۣͷҲصԶݶȥ
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һһһʵ֪˵ġ
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1287 һ
ȼյĺһͷٽޱָС˿š
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Ҷտ£ⱻ⽹ۣɫƣ˱ǣ⿴ʳָ󶯡
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һļͲȿʮ̽צͼһȴһ
צÿע
ҶһƽǵĴצĵһԣһ߿һߺһԵ졣
ʲôѵ𣿡
Ĳбۿһۣа̣λүһô˵أ
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΢΢һЦȡһʮص飬׸ǣס졣
໡
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Ҷժӿռóһɾʯ̨棬óһ̳ҳľƽ͵ƣ⡣
һɲǼ䣬ζ磬ðҲŲ˹
Ҷ֪һҲǸþ֮ͽ԰ʱû͵˼ҵľƺȣҲȡһ̳ȡ
ýƵ⣬ϳҶ߳Ժȵ൱ˡ
ΨһҶеɻǣôѯʣʼղ͸¶Լݺֱ֣Ҳ֪߽ʲôֻ˼ƺ
Ҷ㲻ҽʲôֱʲôݣշԻǸʱȻ֪ҵˡ
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½ÿһƵĴѡһǿ˽ԺߵԺ
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ֻѧԺӲ뵽κȥȴûκһСѧԺ
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ΪѧԺȻĵλ̬ȣѧԺζҲСѧԺ
½ÿеŴ֮󣬱ȻһЩűԺߵԺѡߣ졣
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ȻģǼֱһħʢ磬һɱɱ֮УҶһѪһ㣬ÿһγһ
ͨǿɱ񵾲һ㲻һҰһ㱻ոһƬһƬҲ̶ð
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ǳһŴԴŵɵȥЦ˵
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΢΢ҡͷȻû뿪Ƭռ䣬Ҷ֪±ΥȣҲó棡
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Ȼ֪ȷʵռȴٴοڣ棬ϣܰײ




1289 ҵľ
سһįôʼûдӦѹˣȥ۱
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ңԴȻ棬Ҳӭ˳
ΪЭҵġ
ǰҼ˵ˣǰҲó棬ǻʱ̰ɣ
ѹſżɽԼĻԭⲻذῴ
⡭
Դɫһ漴
Ȼ֮ǰ뵽ͨǿ˵ЩԽܡ
ðɡ
Ĭ˰Σ̾һʱ̡ûҳ棬ҸͲǾ۱Ķ֡
ôҾͷˣİɣҶıQˣһ˵
ʵɱȻ練ƣȻ̣ǻҪҵֽɱУͲ͹ӳˣ乫ӳ֣
Դ൱ˣԵҵľţԼ̬ŵĺܵͣȫûһ㳤ļӡ
ѾԸ׼ᣬȻˣСסհɡ
ԴǿЦգ˴֮ɫķԸ˵ӸҽҪ˵
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֪ӳ׷ˣÿ춼ƴȡͻƣﵽͨȻȥҶ
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ɫƣͳԴа̾˿
ֺγ֪Щʲôӿ϶ڹȥ
һҲ⣬Ҳû£żɽ˵СӣδϣҪӽ쿪ʼҽ㾡Դ⣬һͻͨ޳ͨаȥɣ
ಣ
˵ţԴжһϵƤȥ
ţ
΢΢һֽסԴлҪ˵
ȻԴ˵ҶûбҪ󣬾ŬһºŴϣҲҪҰǸҶСɱˣ𣿡
İɣҪǰ֫ϵΪܾʹ֮Żɱ
ӵ˫ܵĳ޻棬һһٵ˵͸޾ɱ⣡
ܺãܱܲȫˣҲϳ棬ֻʱͣŴ֡ԴҲĹâա
Ҷ飬ҵţǧҪúõػš
֮ݵķ˵

ѡ̣ŴɱҶͬʱҶͰȻ
ദ𽥽軵İǡ
ΨһеĵӲˬǣǽɱһǴ˵ټžȻһֻ޶ûл
ɽɽҪɱޣֱȥɭֵΧˣûҪ
˻һЩҲʵ£ûʲôɱģȻƷҲ߲ȥͲǵķۡ
ǻҵ˰οĵطƾԼıӣӲǽŽѲƵĵطҵˣÿ춼ȥ͵һЩȣΪ±ںһ̳֮㽫̳ӹˮٷ
оһʼͱˣͯȴ˭Ҳ׼˵ƣҲһֻ۱һֻۣƾ
ԭܼ򵥣ͯƿ˰ǵʵ뽫շΪɵɽޣɽš
ԭ򣬰Ȼᣬ¶ĺ֣
֮ҶװϽռŰɽˮɵķΧ֮ľ
Ҷף֮һһڣ̫ҲãʵʱҲӦ÷ԼʹȻΪһ壬ȥܴȻɶ
ģ䣡
ֻľ²пɲǶ򣬿֮³ˣ
ڱĵУҶÿ棬ûʵȴƫƫĺܿ죬ЩۺҪ
˱˵ȻӰҶʦ֣ÿɽˮʵǣٿǣͷޣһҲиȴչ鶹ײˣ
ڿҶɽˮʱеӼֱĽĲҪҪģϧҶֳɹ޿ɸƵģûܹĳɹ
ɽĸɽˮ֮䶼Ҷ㼣ʱܶһȵСϪһǼʱ
һʼǻ²ظţûˣɽţҲ֪ȥʲô
һʮȥˣ
һƻ裬չصɽһƵĴͬһ㡣
䣡
һ죬סڵľʯըħһ󲽴Ӷ߳
໡ˣ
һХ˫ۼâһȭɫʥһֲצ˺ѳգ
̵ΣĸСѧ
Хһ׹һ굺һҪҧ˵ļơ




1290 ɽ
굺ɵصأһЩݳȻĳ֮⣬ѰӸûʸ
ΪһУ굺ǳͣЩĵҲֳ̫Ķ
ְ͵ս챻սˣ
Ͳһֵѵıչأʥ̥ôòйһ²Ź֣
ǺϻİǸˡ
ƽľǱѧԲ˫ۣͭس˹
İ׹
ûϳͷǣΪһ漴ϲ컯컯ճܳһⲹӣѾܾûζˡ
̵Σ˱̣̣ԣŭһһһԾֱҧס
ϵ£һ޶񿥵İ㾹Ȼ˵ǹҧ㣡൱ţȻѾˣԾɷǳ׺ݡ
ڣ
ôҲû뵽ǵٶȾȻ֮죬ûӦͱһҧϣʱ۵ɱҽ
Ƥ֮£ܹʥ̥ľ翸סҧʿû
Ȼʥ̥ʥ̥ԾɲǰǵĶ֣㱻ҧ
ϰףɿԼˣ
ҶպøĲҽУæȰ
УСӱǸóô˵飡
бۣһ㲻ҺôҾҧļơ
Ҷ
ʱҲ֪ԼʲôǵĶˣϽҶȡ
Ҳû취㻹ǵͷɣײϣֻʯͱҶǿЦ˵
ɿڣǴ磬ǴүҴˣС֪ˣдСİɣ
ҲǸϳǰĹһҶȲԼˣ
˵ëãأ
ǵ͵ĲӲӥûʯڣô˿Ϊ
֮£ʹԼ˶һ鼫ƷʯóΪԼ֮á
ϰѾ˼ƷʯȻֻóȭͷһ鼫Ʒʯһ䣺򷢽лأʲôȫó
ûˣõʯˣҶóԼɣ
ˣԭΪԼʥ̥ͻʥ̥ܹüһˣû뵽ոճؾͱһͷ̰ĶǸˣƫƫԼǶֻ֣ܳưͿ

óһѲϺʯа˰죬ѡõĲϣȻö۵ļƷʯҲûзŹ
ģǡ
󰵰̣ûлΣȴʥ̥ڵĸҧ˿ûм֮ν
СӣһҶԲԣ
бؿһۣһ۱㿴˼
ûУôأҶԸأ
æϣЦٶ죬ɲٴùͷˡ
ˣТ˱ϵķϣͲƽˣǰڳһӣ޵
ǸղűҧúܲңµĻȥϵ˿ڴȭ
˵ϰף㲻ͭƤô⸱У
ҶŰǱһĿĵ˿ڣ̲סʵ
֪ƾ˲治֪ʲôĶֲŻôǱ
ˣҪΪǣԼң
һӣԶڵҹС޺޵ĵΪС
ﲻСһҶ˶סˣ
ҲǼʶ㣬ȴûСޣëףһֻһһ˫С۾תԽԽɰ
ʲô
̲סʵɽɽ˵ֹΨûСޡ
ٺ٣˵Сһͷɴˣ
һԵõӣֻС޵ԼΪʲô˽һ顣
ԭ⼸죬ټɽžȻһͷ޶ûУ̫ˡ
ЩûٻɵľƽѺͳԵ±ԹǵĶоһֻ۱һֻۣɳõĳרŸŷóԵģðҲЩ˼ˡ
ǺΪ˱ɶԼĶ飬ǾŪһֻǿɽš
ȻˣһްǸͿۣɽΧת˼Ҳû̫ǿޡ
Ϊ˻øǿޣȻɽһ⣬ֻɽŻиǿޣΪĴӪ
ΪһӵѪޣǶЩǺ˽ġ
˫һ·ǱУ֪ľĴɽ
ڿѡɽĵطǷһͷսġܡոϣ廹
һּȮܵһǿޣУսܹŵǰʮ֮ڣһЩΪͨĴ֮⣬˭ҲκβӵѪ
ͬΪӵѪİǣܼ漣ˣ
ܾ⣬֪ոϣҲûĸ޲۵ĸȥע⣬Ǻû
ҲͰǵ죬
Զ֮󣬰ǿӹȥצӻһѲĹâܲµļ򵥱ƵֱӹȥһֻСӣչ׷ǲӶݣȻˡ
գǰѳ̵ľʹɽĵش
̫вˣ
һ˵ľҶȫˣŷĸп
Ӱǵвжϣֽܵ޾ײǿ󵽼ޣʵӦòѾ˵塣
ǵ죬Ȼ˼ҸûõС͵һⲻǸ
˼ҵĺӵһô죿ɫƵʵ
İɣǾԲ߳ɽİ벽ģΪĵӸҴ⣿
ڣһصӣбһ˵
Űɡ
ҶȴŲɡ
Ϊ
׷ߵİǣ̫಻Ϊ֪ܣ




1291 ˷ǲľ飿
ߣ
ƺһԸ˵ģһȰȥ
գ°ͯƺ̫ϳ϶ˣ˰죬úø
ûˣȽС֮󣬾һս
ΪҲˣָŰǵĻɽ޻ûϷ
СܴСѱͻ͹Уʱļң϶
ǾͿͿĻˣֻҪúչˣҲΪǡ
ҶʦܣҿѾʥ̥Ϊʥ̥ʿˣдд裿
ڴﵽʥ̥֮е㱬ˣҸոճҲû˸ҶݵЩ׳٣˻ûгأȻҶһԼʵս
ðɣҿʥ̥ʲôҶЦŵͷӦҪ
һзƵ̨ϣҶվ̨룬֣ɣȫң
Сˣ
ͺһʥ˲ۣ˱ٱƴԱһ˫â
ˢ
âһһͷɫԱӰȻʵȴһɹ°ײеζ
ڤԱ
Ҷͷѡʥ̥жѸݣҲף͵ϮĻһġ
ʥ̥ҶҲдһԼʥ̥ҲڱԻȴʵˡ
Ρʥ̥
Ҷʥ̥ȻԼҧԼͷ˵ˡ
ʥ̥ǧǧ򣬸ָʲôʥ̥УԼ״ʥ̥ģǵһμ
ʥ̥ɳܶ궼ûʲôԣûѡʥ̥Ҫ˵Լʥ̥ˡ
ȻҶѾԼһʥ̥׼ˣҶչʾʥ̥Ǳòᡣ
ʻǲģݵľ֮󣬺ܿʥ˲ֱһֻ޳צ
ն
һȣצǣݺݵҶͷץȥƿ
ৣ
Ҷһʩչ˲϶һ㲼·ס
꣡
צݺݵĻϣһǣҶȻͷûһ£ӡû¡
ˣˣû˼
һУ֪ԼҶ֮Ĳ̫ˣѾûҪټȥˡ
˼վﲻƾκβ˼ңʲô
ҲйʵѾܲˣʥ̥ڣºܶùĹġҶȥЦŰο
Ѿʥ̥ˣһŵʵ
šҶͷ
ţұչ˽ӽһ꣬ڰյĶпΪʥ̥ͻʥ̥û뵽̬ȻѾʥ̥ˣ˻˻ˣ
õҶ϶Ļش֮ŵĴζ״ĵУ㲻׼ҴȭȻﲻƽ⣡

ҶĿɿڴģ
û취Ҷֻȫɣʩչκηվؿڴȭ¡
ȭҶд࣬㲻ȥӵȭҲûиκ˺ɼһߣ
ܵҶ̼ոճرٴƴ
̫һͯ糿˶ûгأҶ˿϶ҲѾԼʥ̥Ŀǰǹ̾ڸʥ̥
ŴвһµʱˣҶÿ϶ռ䡣
ԼĵնҲҪԼ߳ǰ˵·ǰԶ׷ǰˡ
㷨񹦱Ƿ𷨶ѳ
ҶĿǰ绹̫ԶԶֻ𷨣Ըֹ似ս
ȵƷʱ߳Լĵˡ
δѣȻǸ绹ԶҶѾʼ׼ˣһϱ֪ܽҶԽԽˣֻһһ
ÿһ۶Ƕһ޶ģԣҶҪ߳Լ·ϻǺ⿴ģֻӵһŴ۵ģ߳۵·
죬Ҷ߳ԼĶýȥɽÿһأڴȻ֮УȥȻɡ
γһ
֮;ǧ֣ÿһֶͨյĿģԣľҲǷǳҪġ
ܶʿһƿ֮󣬻γһԭΪͣͲǰͻƵģȴͻƲˣľûԭ
ʱԶʿѡһУԼ뵽֮Уȥľ
ľΪﵽһµʱƿȻʧˡ
Ŵвʮʱ̫һͯ糿̳أͬҶ²һʥ̥ﵽʥ̥ڣѾȫȶ
Уͯ糿Լʥ̥Ӳʥ̥ڵ۷״ֻ̬һͻƵʥ̥ˣ̫һʵҪǿһ֡
Ⱥأͬ˰ǣȴнȻͬ
Ƕͯ糿ûʲôΪͯ糿ûжֳ˿ĵ⡣
̫һһμǵʱ򣬷ӦһޣҲ뽫ˡ
֪ǿϳԿ
̱һǴս
ոճص̫һΪǲһֻ׳ʵһЩҰǶѣȫûнϡ
һս˴ҧûӡ·Ҳ˺ƬҲ̶á
̫һҧʵû취ˣֻúһóһЩ͡
ͯ糿֮󣬴Ӹ֪ͯҶ֮еọ̈̄⸴ӣԼûãûܰκæ
ٴҶʱͯ糿ıֺƽ·֮ǰʲôҲûһɶܺãڲ鱻ܵ顣
С磬ҡ
ͯ糿Ҷ˵ʲôһſȴԼ֪˵ʲôá
Ҷ磬ʲô˵С綼ף
ͯ糿ҶĻ̾˿Ժ·ߣҿܲһˣ
ͯ糿еĻҶ̲ס̾˿ԽԼǷ̫̫ࡣ
θ鱾Ͳÿʼ˷ǲľ˭飿




1292 
ͯ糿ϿûһҶ֪Լ˺Ů
ÿÿ뵽ͯ糿įҶжƽ
һ죬Ҷռз䣬ͯ糿Աܶ

Ҷӣ̾Ϣһ
ָ飬ûʲôȨģһԲҶԼ
кޣοңֻͷңغñģжԹԹҺθɣ
ڵ죬ҶͨˣһиԵĻҪԣӱǽģֻء
һ̣Ҷľõ˼мӴϵ
Ȼͨһ˲䣬ʮѨһƬϼ⣬翪ٵһ㣬ЩѨеӰͬʱʵˣü۾ԻһƬϽɫĹâ֮С
Ϊͻƣһûʯͻˣʥֽ̥һ
ľ壬Ψĵˣ˳
һ̣Ҷһ˿
򽫻Ժ޾ĺôֻûвһѡ
߳һ̣Ҷ·Ϊһ壬ּܹߵһУԪҲ޷ֱ˴ˣͨﵽԲľ磬ÿȥһжôԲȻ
Ҷչ⼸ӭһˣݸѡγľӢȥμŴġ
ͯԹʣЩưȴųһ̣
ʱѾٲȻΪݵһţ֮⣬Ż߼Ŷɵ̫ϳɽԴӣȥμδ
ŴٰĵصһǵĳǳأģҲһʷ൱Զ̫ųǳأ
ʿĿеʥǣ
Ҷ߳󲻾þͽӵͯƴϢʼʮʱ䣬вԱȫɽȺ
ΪԪѡһҶȻҲ⣬굺Ҷɽȥ
ʱǵŬȻһʥأͨɽ˲
ɽŨգԽˮپƣݺɣתгһɵĻ㣬ٲȻ˼ɾ
Ҷ֪һУǹûɽץ˲ٵͨ޻Ϊɿ̻ĸơ
Ȼ˭û˵¼ڻļһﵱ˻ɽ޹
Ȼڰ̣ǵĶҲһֻ۱һֻۣװûˡ
ʵǿҲκβ˰ǡ
ҧǿ޵
ٶȣǸ˦ǰ֡
˵ı£ܰѪ˶
򲻹Ӯ׷ϣǳϵù֮⣬ܸʲô
ҶٶȿƲ죬ȴسɴ磬ÿһ¶һƬâ˸ɽˮһ㣬ʵȴѾ쵽˼¡
ܿ죬Ҷɽ֮⣬ʱѾв˵Ⱥſˣͯ糿̫һҲڣһЩμӱѡ֡
Ҷˣ
ҶЩ˵⸴ӣ壬Ľͼʣ
ͬŵݶû߳ȥҶȴѾˣһս峤¥ҵ桭
սһҲﲻ
Ҷúúùܹ
̫һ߹һӶҶ˵
ʦ֣С㣬һĻҪùˣҶ̿
˵ˣ̫һһؾͱҧòҲ̶ãóԼضıġ
̫һҰ鷳ûһռ˵ģÿζǸҧˣضѲˡ
ҶĻ̫һӣһ£Ƕǲ֪ܳ͵Ϯ

̫һһһҧʮ¾Ľӣ˶̲סЦ
ƽʱ̫һǺ࣬صģһ㲻Цֱ飬˲ҲܲµȻûٳԿ
ǻЦ
̫һһۣҶӵ㿴ⶼĽ
Ҷһۣʱһˣ̫֮һֱϺüŵӡЩҧѪˡ
ϴһֻ
ڳԹһο֮ѧˣͰǷκìܣʱ򻹻һ⣬ôȥˡ
ԣ칦Ͱǳͬһսеսˡ

һ˵̫һһһ˹ȥ
ɶ㿪Цѣ̫һڰԱе⿪ģŪ̫һƲѡ
Żĵ򲻸̵̫ø࣡
ЦɣЦɣ֪ôġЩ˹Źֵɫ̫һƵ˵

ЩԣҲ̲סˣͬʱһЦѸŵЦĪ֪ʲôֳֵ
ʲôЦ飿˵ñҲһ¡
ЦδֹʱһɫӰӴɽܳѩףһ˫֧ţʵ
ۣ
Ҷ̲סٴЦ̫һɫ࣬ŤһһԲ
Ц޼ɵģͰǹϵڴĺܺãԲ꼰㡣
̫һ࣬鲻õͯ糿Ҳ̲סЦ
ЩŵĵǾͲЦˣ̫һǿ߶ǰֻǸҧˣǲŲ봥ùͷء
СӣʲôأͶЦˡǸƣŤͷʵ
ûʲôûʲôæֹסЦתƻ⵽ôˣ
ߣҪȥμʲôƨŴܲȥո𣿱ҲҪȥһ֮λˣˣ
ϢͨŴ˽⣬ſڱҪһλãЩźͼ̲סۡ
Ǵδʲôһλãǹڲ룡
ԭܼ򵥣ݻѾãݸûȣݳ˸ųһŵӣ̫ʥس˸ʥӹ껣ʥͬ߳һλʥӡ
Щڣݵķңݵڣһλøûš
ǾȻҪһⲻǳ
˵ˣŴĴΪޣӦһӣǲμҲֻܲμٰĴɣ
һ˵ҪͬУ̫һˣʵڲͰһ𣬿뵽ԼҧĲ״ˡ
СӣͱһȥҪͱȥˣҲǱĶ֡ǿ̫һĲˬ۾˵
㣡
̫һһ˦ӣ԰ǵӡʵǶ
ˣˣˣͯ糿ɨһˣ˵
̫ϳɽţͯ˳ɽС
˼״һݣҪˡ
һʱ䣬ﰲҶ֮⣬˶δ㽶




1293 
ʣŴһʥأϴںʹоԶĹҶǿĴ˲
ȶԣݲ˱ԵЩˣ޷ݵĲᲢۡ
ΨһǸеοǣ޵۹ĻҲμεĴٲ̫ˡ
ͯһĶԱ̫֮ϳɽ˱һ׾սӭ籩ǣվ档
Сһǣ
Ŵһӣһֻӥһڿնȵսϣ
εı൱Ҫɳ̫ϳϴӣչЩĳԱ
֮ǰʲôȴǰλ̫ϳҲ˳ɼÿԱչ˵ķǳá
ҶͰԼλѡҲսͯƻ֮Ŵ߶ս缲һǷȥ
սٶȿ쵽˼㣬ɽڽ²ϵĺˣĿϾӣ
ءǣˣ
վսǰˣ׳Хһ棬º۵̬˼Ʋ졣
һ⻵ȳ
ж԰µĶ塣
սϣмģŽ߶սĹɽ֮󣬱óһֻĶȺ;ƺ«һ߳ԺһҶ˽һ»ǵֹغʹ˵
ǽ̫ǰʮˣųǿصƣԣµķ˪ϴı־Խ
ڻǣϽ˽һ֣ؽʹʥصʥΡ
˵Ϲ䣬һʥصʥڴ˺һĴսڶ죬ʥĴ˫˫촦ڻǵϣڵʱ䶯硣
֮κ˶ڻ˽ĶԹҲҪȳ˳֮н
ȻˣǲģǾսרŵıأҲġ
ԣϸ˵ǳпᣬûʲôؿԣû˻ͬ㣬һòУɱݣӲţսҲǰ
ǹƽģϣۣ֮ҲϽѰ𱨸ֻҪǿļţһ㶼
Ϊʥǣǵǳأ˵̫ʱڣɽһǿĻ飬ɵĴʵֱ׼ۣһ
һڰĵԭ˿ڶ࣬Ǹ֮˿ܶͨ˶ڷ
ֱӵȻط֣ˣԾǵعϡܶط֮أ޺С
ճһۣϴֽͨѹˣһΪӡڻǵĵ¡
֮ڷӡĵطǳأԼ˰Ȼȥ
ˣΪ˼λ۶ķṦΰҲǲеǸڰ˳ǸΪǡ
Ҳне۳ǵģ֮ܶǳسʿĿеʥǣλ֮ߣױȣ
Ȼлǣȣˣļ紺
Ҳλ۵ĽΪѹ飬Ļᣬλּ֮صıѰһγɵıɹľӡˡ
֣ÿ񣬽ȶкˣγ˻Ŀǰ״̬
˵Ļˡ
һжǵλ۵Ĺ͡
Ҷ˳ʱŵҲŵ̫ϳϵĴǷȥ
ȫѹˣǿĿɽڻ治ڶ˵顣
֮ǰĶԹܺҶһͬǰֻį·ߵҲһЩʵŻ߼ɳš
αٰ췽ǵԺԺѧԺţԺУĸԺ
ȣεıһЩı䣬ÿһݶˣȴʵʥ̥ϣûʥ̥ΪҲֻܹܲ
ʱǿԼʵΪϸһˢ£ûʲôýģչʾ޵
һ·ڻʮﴦսͽʿĿеʥȥ
ԶԶأҶܵʥǵΰ׳ۣǰѾһǳӴĳǳˣǰĻһ𣬼ֱС׼ˡ
嫵ĹųӴǽǧһۿͷиֽ۱δΣ¡
ûнǣҶ˱㿴һڰеһڣϼޣǧٲȻһʥء
׹ĹڣôֱʰǳԾؿڣ
ǺǣһʯڣרʯжѣҲԼҵĲҵЦŽ͵
ʲʲôԼҵĲҵʲôʱôţˣһͷˮĿš
ϸ˵Ǿ۱ĲҵǾ۱ĸţȻҲԼҵĲҵˡĲ˵
ԭ
ҶЦãϻǲԼˣԼɾ۱һˡ
ǵʱɽһݣسǵľʿбۿһҶˣٺһЦݾȻҲ˶ţǿϲɺذ
ô죬ɣ̷Уһʿ̴ĻǿҶ˽ǡ
߽ҶǸľʿʲôݳһ޵۹Ļ֮⣬ûʲôˣʸĶû
ҶΪ
Ϊ˥ˣʥǣȻһŵľʿⲻܲ˵ݵı
̫һͯ糿Ҳͬʱһ٣ȻҲľʿĻɫһࡣ
СҴı
ŵɨ˼һۣŵ߰ɣŻмʱ䣬Ҷһ£úһʥǵķɣ
Ǵ޾£ϵʯĥȥ˺һ㣬Եø⻬
ֵԸǽڶһ˼̻Ϣ
Щͨ˾Ӷ࣬Ҳʿڵ̯һЩϣҩ֮ġ
Ǻ«𣡡
ǳӣֳ
ʵĻֽʣ
ԽԽߵַĵضΣԽҲԽԽˣгŸζ
Ⱥмȥβ繷ñ˷ݡ
岻ǲܽʥǣûε޽ʥǾ
ǿ߶޵޺˿Ǻġ
˭ҵĹ컹ҵӣ
Ҷ˿ԸۻҵĶʱһɤͻȻ
Ҷһʱ뵽˰ǣѭȥȻǵڵԼߴһ׳ʵĴż޹ǵ׷ᡣ
ܣҪڣ
öͷҧźݡ
һĻҶһͷʹͬʱôǾĴ
Ϊ
ֱǺпڻǴ




1294 ۱ʥ
ܹڻʿĿеʥģͨҲıȥ
ͷβһ۵ؤд˵ͷԣκʥǶҪβˡ
ǾͲһףֱ˼ӣһһ߳ԣգ۹Ѿ¶ˡ
ڰûаҶȥȺж꣬һͰŵĴ˦ûӰˡ
Ҷ߽ˣһӣɷд֣µһ
룡ôĿôҶûԶɣҲȥµһʲôζ°Ȼ߽˰С
ôһûԹأҲ磡ҡͷԵĸ˽ȥ
Ż߼ѡҲ˽ȥһа˼
ϰ壬µһôֽϰЦʵ
ͭһλٰ
һϰû׷ϰǣƵĻдţ̻һЦʵ
ɶûɣº֮ôͭһôˣͶ䣬ŵʵ
ٺ١
ϰЦһ͵֪Ⲣ⣬˵ˣ˵С꣬ǵҲò⣬Ͳˣ
ǡ
̫һָָŵĴʵ
ⲻƤ
ϰ͵С䲻⣬ȴ¿⣬ôһ仰⣬¿⣬Сʵ¿ӣ¿ⲻҾ͸ĳ⣡
ԭô°
˷׷ȻҲϰ˼룬ֵӶֲأ
ǺðɣǾͳҺųµһİӾΣóԵĻΪ㴫ϰɣʲôʱ˵Ҫֹͣ
Ȥһ֣õϰϰӣܹðǿۣ˵İӦжĵط
ȻͰһʱ䲻԰ǵĿζŻ൱ŵģһζǳѰö벻ķۡ
̵Σȥ԰Ҳ˵ң
ȺУǰĥŵ˰Լ˷ǳߡ
ܿ죬һʮľСӶ̹ˣÿжжѻĸСɽһİӣͻλεģɫƣȥ˸ʳ
ȳ
Ҽʳһץһһҧ´룬׽£۶ʱŹ⣬޵ʶ壬ζܺã
ôһ˵Ҳ̲סˣ׷׳Ӽ뵽԰ӵĴС
ǴĶˣҲҰ̵İӵȷζ˷ƵĲͳԹһ̡
̣ҲųԱˣʱһֻ˵һ衣
ճĶһȽΣԣ
Ӱ̳ʱҶʮ׼ǣһĿǽУԼȴֻ۲϶ˡ
ֵڿеĹǰ̱ӭӳ˽ӽ˹֮С
һǳΰĿй̻ԻͣɢһصϢҲ;۱ӴͲӵһйڡ
ˣ
߽һϤ㴫ҶĶһȻǾ۱Ƿֲĸ顣
˿̣һϮŵĳȹٲĺڷһ٣Ϻһľʵӣ˿ɡ
ϣⲻС𣿶ղСԽԽˣ
Цӭȥˣ˵Ҳǳ⡣
ӣҲˣ
鲻źۼʹ˸ܹţЦ˵ʼ죬λĻסɣ۱Ȼ㸻ԣдλ컹ġ
ǸãҪ׳԰׺ȣҲһأ̴Ӧˡ
źͼ˰ͲסأʡǮܺ;۱ӴϵǸܾ
⼸λǡ
ʱ򣬴Ӵ߽һ޳ˣüĿ⿡ʣһ㵭ʥ⣬˼ҵoһ㣡
ҶˣɻСʵ
ˣǽܣ
ˣһ˿â΢ЦŶҶ˵λн𳤸Ǿ۱ʥӣҲμεı
ǰ˾ȻǾ۱ʥӣ˲ݣҶҲ⣬𳤸һַǳر˵ʲôĸо
֮ܶʥӲѰһзǷҲӴľ۱ڵӱΪʥˡ
ÿһʥӶһʥأϴڵӴһܳģҪʵǿ󣬻ҪзǷ˺ԲС
λɵ̫ϳϣɽǰӣģҾͲٽˣ
û䣬ű㲻Ľع˻ͷСѾͷӣصӣƾʲôɽǰͳˣ
Ϊ㱾Ӱ
һЦֱŵţŽҶ˽ܸ˽𳤸
Ҷ
Ҷ֣𳤸۾ʱˣһ˲˲ĶҶʵ
ǣ
Ҷ̹Ȼţ峺ˮ羮
޾粨ǸҶ𳤸׷ʡ
̸ϣֻΪ˱òΪѣ
Ҷ֪ԼݵһϵжѾˡ
Ȼ㣡
𳤸ЦɵƯź͵ҽףקøƵģѵһˣû뵽ҳˡ
ҪɱңΪԱֻЩɱҵǰȥҶ˵
Ȼϲ
𳤸ͷҶ˵̫ˣϢһ£ܼˡ
Ǿ͹ˣ
Ҷһܹ𳤸ʥӿصˣλȽ𳤸пʥӡ
ߵĹѨҶȻ̫ʥӡʥйݵĽӴϾҶǳʶǸʱҶ˵֮⣬ʵͲ˵ķۣ




1295 ˾ռ
ڿຮıģȽϸĴ
ΪʥǣȻǼȵķʢݻ
Ŵ٣뢣ߣ׷øʢʥǡ
ܶ˶겻¶ľ뢡ˡһ֡
ûʼǱһƼʻģɼĴŴҲǸĹע
ԭܼ򵥣ľţڲõĽ϶ǵĴ˽мҵײ֮·ʬǣ˭ҲԼĴ˳Ϊʬеһ
ԣ˽ŵ֮ص飬ʥӺϴڵǿˣͱʥӣҲˡ
ǵһжݻ·Դһǳһ
ʳųʥǰ˴󶥼ʳ֮һʳƶˣѰȥʸûУ˵ˡ
ңʳеʳĴǶʳģףҲһʿѵģһٷٽʯһɢϣһٷ㹻ǳƲˡ
ʳʳһƬڣȻ;۱ĹСһЩҲԲݺӣ
ƶ֮ϣһƬ¥칬һ㣬õһשһ߶ʯɣ׳ۣ·Ĺâƻã
𳤸Ҷ˵ʳ󣬰費ظţһ˫ͭĴ۾µµת֪ڴʲôע⡣
ʵ㣬ٴ⣬ҪǱץȥʳҿɲܣ⸱飬ҶЦãֻһ
𳤸Ҳ֪ҶһͷİǣǴĹѨдģͷԶ԰ǸŵҲûʲô
ƣʳ׺λе칬һ㣬ĳƬɢŵʥĹâ
һڿն𣬲˺ʯϣʰϡɣ·磬·ĵʮһ
ʲ죬Ƿɣ
۱ʥӽ𳤸ип̾һ
ţ
Ҷһ𳤸־Сд֮־ᷢĸп
۽кû֪Ƿɣ۶ȷֻǲ²ѡ
ΪɣʵжϵĻȹݵصʿͨжԱ֮ΪɣʲôأܹΪ֮
ֻվ۵λòŻˣ̸ۻΪʱ硣
ҶãνɣӦǴڴﵽ۷ʱ򣬿һƬµأȴͻˣ˴󺶣
ҲֻĲ²ѣǲǣǴ۸⽫Զһգ
չǰͨţһϣΧݣɢ˵㡣
һȺͨϷܣ裬һ͵ա
ΡĹ䣬µŮշػͷһ㣬ȣƮƮɡ
Ů޽䣬ǰǾȻһֻͨѩ׵ѩǣһҲûие⡣
ʳӴĸ̫ˣʲôĶУҲһЩǿߣһͷѩǸͲǸе˿ľȡ
ȻˣʳΪ˴󶥼ʳ֮һԤԼһǲģǸʥصʥҲ⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ʳʳĶʵģԽǹߵϯԽҪǰԤԼЩϡеʳģǶʱڸ㲻
𳤸ȻǾ۱ʥӣҪԤʲô̫ߵľ磬ԣǰԤͿԡ
λ룡
Ůʵ׵ʿعҲʥ̥ڣȻȴֻܸ·ԼƲˣɼʳĹôߵ
һƬȣǰޱȿΪĴÿһƬвͬľɫ
кѩƮʢ÷а˪ƢбػƽһĽա
ǡ
Ҷ൱ȣܹһƬ˲£ɼʳôֱʣ
ɲʲô˹õľ£ɣȻۣ֮أļȻһ壬̾
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Ϊ۱鼰½κεķ紵ݶǵĶĿԸǿʥأϴڣȻע
ѡ
Ů빪ͬ˵
Ĵ÷񣬶ǳ£һʱ֮Ҷĺȡᣬ˼һ£ѡ÷
ԭܼ򵥣ձƫߣԴ֮Ҷûмѩ뻳һ¡
𳤸ȻûڰŮ޵Ĵ£һǲ˺÷
һƬҶܵһĿ˾һ
ǰ˲˴ѩ׷ɵĺƬƬѩ裬Ƭװعվڹ֮ǰǰһƬããľɫ
һ÷ںѩ档Ѫ÷ӭںͳİ㣡
ǽ֦÷躮Կң֪ѩΪа
ҶиУ̲ס˵
ʫӦ⾳Զû뵽ҶֲʵˣȻ˲ʵѵã𳤸޵
СӾǸʲô̥
һ˿âСһ䡣
оԼԽĿ͸Ҷˡ
Ů޶̲סҶĿ࿴⼸ʫ⾳Զ÷ľɫȻһ壬ܽǧżѾɻʳԲ١
һ躮Կλ̨ؾҶֵܰɣ
ڴʱһˬӹдţһ˳ЦҶʵ
ҾҶĸʵҵ
Ҷһǰˣñã˫۳ֳɫ絶һ㣬Ӣˡ
˾˾ռܳĴˣ˾ƣʵ˾նǳͬе֣
˾Ҷͬʱ𳤸ʶķʽҶһ˾Ƶ
ԭʳѹֻ𳤸˵Ҫܼ˸ԼʶѵҲ
Ҷа˼⡣




1296 ϰ
Ҷֵܣҽ˾ƣǰ˰ɣղʫ⾳Զַ÷ľ£ԣ뽫ʫ£ҶΣ
˾ƼϲԴʫ׺÷Ȼɫ٣뽫ʫ
ª֮ѵǴ֮ãѵ˾ϲǾ°ɣ
Ҷа̣δʯǧżѾ䣬Ȼˡ
̫ˣҶִī˾һɨ̱һŮ޶ķıҶӺ
ðɣҾ׳ˣ
Ҷһë˵鷨ףҶ鷨ΪľΪպ
ԣҶ֣˵ʤܻȥ̫ˡ
ֺͻϹʱڵͬĵطԲд
ҶĴӦ𳤸ʱһ֮ˣ䶼Ҫ鷨ɲǳϦܹɵģȻĴӦˡ
Ҷӹֽһӣʥ䶨ڿУպеǺһ˽һֵ
ߣ飬һǳɣ
˿̣Ҷʥһ㣬ٵƮݣɽ
ʱ䣬һ̷·ֹˣǰǻǽ𳤸˾ƣ߰ŮޣȫҶĶסˡ
裬ǣ
˾ƻ̾˼شƮһ鷨ƽ
ɽëҶ˾̾Ĳɳڣ鷨һ
𳤸ҡͷҶ֣ƾ֣㲻ʿҲԿˣ
˾ͷԽ𳤸ĻͬҶһһʤǿԽնУʫ˫˵˲ţҪ˵򣬿¾ҲѰ
˭Կ򰡣
̸۵ʱһ洫ţ߷˵һ˹
ЩУҶһ۱ϳ̫ʥӺʥˣȻܹһȻҲǵ֮
ˣһΪʱ²ˡ
𳤸Цӭȥһ߽һСͤС
ʱƲѾ룬𳤸Ҷܸ֮󣬱㿪ʼƱյһһѩƷ÷һ顣
¶ǣ⽥ҶһϵжЩ˶ʵİҲĬкԼƽƽʸ
˾˽ҶʫóͣƷһ֮ҪղʫҸֽԿ֮Դ˵ʤ
Ҷ֣Ȼ˲飬¶֣Ҳǿ۽ΣһĿ࣬ڷ˿Ҷ
к棬˰ڵʥӣϴԵʱǡչδ˴ˣδܺҶ档
Ҷ㹻ãǡľԲŵõ˴Уʵȫûб
ʱ˿̣飬뿴ҶͬʱҲĲɷж衣
Ҫ֪֮ˣһľ϶δ̫ĳɾͣҶĲн裬ôʻռʱ䣬ôʵ͸ˡ
˵ûô˾ƣǰһ
ҶĲɳڣܴΪʫһ׵Ļɶʳ𵽷ǳá
ҶΣ
˾ڴΪʳ˾ռһжԼģȻľϣܴٳɴ¡
Ҷش˾ֽ˵ģҲҶַ˾ռǷҶһ飬裬˾ռһæ
һ޷ܾ
˾ռȻڶ򣬵ܹ͸ʥؿӴ壬ǵĳŵǷǳġ
ŵҶһ˭᲻۵ȥһʥصӴ壿
⡭
Ҷԥˣ治֪˾ռ島ʲôĽ
ôž𣿣浭Ц
н𳤸;޵۹ڣ˾ҲҶǳкøУͲҶԼͬһΪǶԼ衣
ʫɲǽд裬ô򵥵ģҲûʲôⲻˣ
˵һһˣ磬ͺͬ԰ݣڵʥӡ
ϿͬʱҶ˵ʵڰҶֻǳѡ
ҶɫƽɨһۣǶʥ̥ڵΪͻƵʥ̥۷ļ
ô˵أ
𳤸վıˣһɵɱѾӿ
𳤸ôûʼںǽһ𣿡ҲվһɿֲϢȻͷų
ԸǣõŽһֻ־ѹǣ𳤸ǳǿơ
λ˾ռҵʳҸӣҪ֡˾Ҳվߵм䣬ǵ
ߣ𳤸һǸӣʶô
ҲǸ۱һӣƾ㻹벻ǡ˿ãԡ
ǺüˣǾͱϼɣ𳤸ͻȻƽĿһۡ
һۣúȻһ䣡
񣬷·ڿһ֮һǸⲻˬ
˾ռʳУǻ治£ǵҲסǡ
ͬʥӣҲиߵ֣֮ںڣ˾ռ忴һŶѣϴڻЩ룬νʥֻ޷ʥصʥᲢۡ
˵㣬Լأ
λҶʹӦͲˡ
ҶɨһˣȻ˾˵߰ɣȥתת
ȷ
˾һϲݺݵص˺桢һۣ֮վڽޥȥ
˺÷ֹ߼㵽ޥνޥģʵǲһ
һƬĺһƬ磬ޣ¶˵ķҷͷףʤա
Ҳˣ㵹
ŪīЩ˲Ÿɵ£ʿмҧĽֵ飬ǵ̨
һһͣģϴͷҶ
Ҷ͵ûͲᣬϣһȭˣҲʡ롣
ϰб٣
һ㶼һ仰ҭࡣ




1297 һٻɱ
Ǻǡ
޵۹ӺǺһЦǵ̫ˣϲϾҶһݵġ
ۡ
𳤸ǿţһڲˮȥЦˡ
ΣֲøһֻǶ죬ֻܳ˸ưͿ
ߣʱ˭ˣ
˿Ҳ˺ߣ˵
ôһ˵˲ɵýĿתƵҶϣʫôݲģеʱȫƾһ֡
ô֪ҲУҶɨһۣһгӡ
㵹ǿ۽簡
ЦΪҶڶʱʲôѾ¶Ƿ¡
ҶǷҲٺõʫҲ͵ţĵ
ϲʶģ
Ҷһһڣ𳤸˾ǰһƪ壬ҶǧżѾ䣬ֻǲ֪Ρ
޻ΪӣѧӣΪҲ䣬ʫʸ踳˽⣬һ֪
ͬʱ޻һƣҶ˵һСɽĶѣôĲɣ
ѵǸСɽйһʿɣ
޹΢΢ҡͷֿ̫ˣ͵ԺԲƵĳ̶ȣԲôɡ
ֱۣʫģҶǱһ䣬һ
ȻˣҲûȥǽЩǰŮҶĿгһֳݵâ
ΪʳŮƽճ֮⣬ʫʸ踳ҲҪѧϰģԣһӾҶһ
ʱҶڶŽ
˾һʫĵ˲һȻ䣬ѾԼ㵽ˣҺ¶ζ
ƾǧˣҶ˴ţ
˾Ȼҡͷʫ䣬Ӧ⾳Ҳ
òһʫãȫܿ벻
粻ʶʱ˵һ䣬ó˺֮˶Ŀ
ѵ˵𣿡һĵ˿Լ˵ʲôˡ
ĳ治
޻ӾãԼһֱǵۣʲôҲ
뻭ԲҲ˴ɫҲ
ʱҶʫҲ˳ǰһ𣬼ֱǶ÷ķǣȴһζ
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һӻҵĺѧˣ˵ֻǸںһԲĿţɫҪѿжѿ
Ҷһɽ԰һɵζ˾һ񣬹Ȼһ±һСС磬ȻЩ𣬴ۡ忪ٵĿռ䲻ͬͨռ䷨˾ռȴС
Ҷһ˿ڵʫ䣬ºҲû˵ˡ
Ȼѧûʲô裬Թɫıȴ˾ƺͽ𳤸Լ޻ӵ˵ķӦܹҶʫͬá
԰кȾһһ¡Է
Էɫĺ۶ʢľջ˵ڿУҲԸһЩ
ˬʢԷеĻȻͬ˷·һɫĹȡ
ڱؽմУҶ·һûκҪʫļ
һĻ̲סٴοڵҶӣѾƪˣβһƪôҲܱƪ˰ɣ
԰˾ջĺ󣬰֮ǰĹӦָΪʫɣҲ˵
˴Ǻ˰ʹ֮ǰ˵ҶʲôѾ䣬ձˡ
˾üͷ÷ΪϾԼҵ⣬һҲܵˡ
𳤸ڣ֪ԲˣȫǵˣԼ֮ǰǵɿԽύѣڿȫûҪˡ
޻ӶǸǲð˫޳ԹҲΪһҶŵʥӷ
޻Ѿ¶˾ģڱҪһ٣
ʱҶԺҵţ뵽׺;ջйصʫǳһʱȡᣡ
ǵĻҶʱЦˣ΢Ц˵Ȼô֪һʲôʫ䣬Ҿɣ
ҵϴ
һЦȻѧСҶҪһʫϳԽǰ׼̫ˣǵһף黯ѳԽ
ҶҲӽ÷ȷ⾳ϺѱԽɱﵣԲġ
׶һԴ磬ǳʺʿʯ쾪
ɨһۣҶ¶΢ЦһصӣðŮ޷һҶ·дһֻСһ
˾ƺͽ𳤸޻Ҳס˺֧Ŷ䣬´һȥ
һмƲƲ죬ҶʲôѾˡ
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һ͵ӼңӰټңа̾ȫ漰ҶҲѧ˲١
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Ŀ֮£Ҷſ˵һ䣬ǳ󽫾Ƴӽգ
һƽƽ棬粻¶Цݣ̫ͨˣûκ⾳
ŮҲһ㶣ҶӦʧˮ׼һֱʲôҲǣ֮ǰȣһԴĲ硣
һ¾أ
ǲʧʱĴһ䣬Ҷ˵ǾأһлҪ̻

Ҷдһٵĳ嶯ǲԼ̨
ʫȻǺʫ
˾ƺͽ𳤸üʱͻȻôһ䣬һ㶣ѵʲô֮˲ɣ
ЦЦı飬ˣСڹҶأô˵Ļ
ķ̣ҶòŭĿڣ˵ڶ䣺һٻɱ
һ䣬Ҷ羪ըףʳϿղϻ죬һ㣡
⧲˫ѪӿɵٿҶʱгĪĿ־塣
߸ֱּ̫ԵˣһٻɱǺεȵİ˫ʿҪ޵֮ˡ
߸֣㽫ʫ⾳˱֮ǰӽ÷׸߳һأʺʿ
˾зųһ̹⣬ƾһ䣬ҶʫĸȻǱѰǼ񵽱ˡ
ˣҪãܹΪԼļ벻ĺô
͸ɸ
Ҷǰһƽ˺ˣһӽ˾õ˼
ʱҶƺһĪƣȻûɢκοֲϢȴԾɽͬʱˡ
ǡ
˾Ȼ뵽һ翵Ĵ˵һ𾪵ؿҶ
Ǿƽף
£Ҷľʫȫ˼㣬Զŵʥһ㣡
⡭ôܣ
Ѿɵˣû뵽ҶʫȻ˴硣
ȻʫٺҲֲʵϵĲ࣬ҶƺһĪĶʥȴͬǿ󣬶
һٻɱǴ˵е
˾ĳû뵽֮꾹ȻܹصĶ˼䡣


1298 ξһս
Ҷ͸Ϣ̫Ļ˾Ƹҿ϶Ǵ˵翵
ʲô
Ҷ֪𳤸۱ʥӶЩԻ󣬲֪˾˵Щʲô
һּʥڱ𣬵ͬǿ󣡡
˭Ҳû뵽ΪҽľȻǲŵİǡ
ϸ룬Ҳûʲôֵģߵڣ˺֪ܶ꣬һЩ
ŰǵһʧʷкܾõŸˮ桭
̫ǰʿ干ͬƬϣֳһְټķʢ似㲻칦Ҳһı
Увеͨ˿һ칦䣬Ի䣬似ʥ̥ȴſ۷ǿսܹﵽ𾳵ս
ϧⲿںڰĶʧˣжû
̫޸֮˴ɱķ칦䳹ʧʷ֮С
û뵽죬ҶȻܹбѵ˵̫칦Ҫ˲ɣ
ܣ칦ֻûκΪ˲ҶСѾʥ̥ڣԲͬʱ칦ҲûС
ҡҡͷһ϶˵칦ʧˣ˵ǻںڰҵĴս֮ˣ˼䣡
ǵĻҶĬŸղŵΣͼŪνʲô
类òᡪҶΪǣȴ
ôܻ̲֮࣬סֹ
ǲ˵𣿡
Ҷԣɨ˺һۣղΪԷһף
£Ҷؽյ԰Уǡ紵԰ջ縡˱ǣ
Ҷһߣһͼ֮ǰĸоƲ֪пʼһǿϢΪģܷ俪Щ԰մݻ١
ҶСģ԰ӻˣ
˾ƿѣ˳ִһƬʥ⣬ҶƵֵס
Ǹ
ҶһЦգհƾıеһٳһ㡣
ԺأоΪۣһһ
Ҷһ˵ĺƱ֮ղŸǿĻһӰεϢ˲˺ʶ
䣡
׻һƬհףһѪ쵹ĻУֽ˿
⡭
˶ˣһʫѣôҶӵɱô˵ģ
СխҶ˺ʫܲˣԼѪҲǰδУ
˵һ䣬֮ԻѪˣȫ̫󣬰ԼѪġ
˾ƻȻ̽ˣΪˡǺĻʳѲ˸ϵ
һȣǻˣʱҪǲˣαҪǰ˳ˡ
˾˽Ҷʫ֮ǰӽ÷ղֽԿ԰УΪ԰ı־
һף˾Ȼͬϲȡϻѡһٻɱףɡ
һ¼̫ʥӺʥӶҶĿ࿴ˣ»ص÷һӱ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ˴лҶΪĸʫ˾صؽһЩƽʱʥϲŻֵĲҳԵĲֺ
˽Էżչ˺棬Ҳûа㲻гˣȻڼ֮󣬴ұϷʤǼ˿ӰڴƱյֵܡ
һ٣νǷʢö֮ռһϯ֮أպȣճԣʱʱĻĳʣôЦ
һȻޣȴܶθڣҶֵܣΣҰɣ˾ƺϲǣҪ
һȥҲŲأӦ˵ҵģҪԸҪĻҿԿǽ㣡ʣͷ˾һצӣѬ˵
⡭ɾˣ
˾ĿɿڴȻ֪һǣǼʶһ档
ҶЦ
پϯһֱȵƻʱ㳹׽ˣŮʰ˲о֣һؾصվһԡ
˾ƣҼǵйţôһ̫ʥб˾˵
ҵļй裬ҲѺȵһ˾Ƶ
ٿ˭֪˾ռһ깦ɲҶ𳤸Ҳ塣
˵ϽɲܲصҪ˵òҶǾ۱ɱǵĹãôƬҷһأ˾ƲƲ죬˽𳤸һۡ

𳤸ӣǵҲǱίģԼΪУΪҲȰ
裬裬˸ʥصʥϴڵ峤֮⣬˭ʸȣ޻Ȼ̾ⶫ̫ϡˣ
ͨλʥӵ̸Ҷ˽ǶֻԵһļƷҶ
½ֻһ꣬Ҳ֪ˣƺبűУؼһˣĲҶһܹ̥ǣЧ֮զࡣ
Ҳؼ˵ڶıڼźСϣÿĲϡ٣˾ռ̶Կռ⣬ǿܹժʮƬҶӾͷǳѵˡ
ֲ裬ʿˣżĺôһʿ˲Ч
ԣֲ豻ΪǼƷеļƷҩᲢۣΪСҩ
ϡĶĸԵȲţҶҲֻȻˡ
ڰǺȶˣѾﵽȥˣҪѵĻ϶᲻ġ
һκκöֻҪлᣬĥӲҲҪŪ֡
Ų裬˺ܶйα飬ҲҶαһµ˽⡣
ƼÿһģҲûʲô⣬ҪľǣαеԺԺѧԺ־ٰġ
ѧԺα൱ӣÿѧԺһʵǿĸУ
һֽܳĲԱ̱ǼȻݲͬ츳ȡᡣ
ȻˣԺУ֮ҶᣬΪһʺõѧԱϧԷһĭӡ
ļ죬𳤸Ҷ½μ˼βᣬ֣ʶ˺ܶţЩ˶ġ
Ŵǣʿģһǹע
·ۼûѣ˶ǵˣǶֻ֡дж֣ܵϣɾʹ֮λ
򣬱򣬶ǿߵЩ´оԶĹҵǿˣеϴڵʥӡ
ǳʵʥǣһЩҲʱֳټûпʼѾɽ¥˼ˡ
ԺУĸԺŵ׼űһУϵݵĴǣ̴ϵÿһϸڡ
ͬʱ壬ݵĴӳҲڽŵĺԼĲԱоսս
ⳡûпʼҩζѾŨˣݵĵڽֵǱǿ׳죬˭Ҳ˭
Ȼо۱Ľ𳤸;޻򣬵ݵűŲСĲ࣬õһݣ
ⲢڸҶ
ǵӵִ֮󣬹Ҷ̸۳ֱ
Ҷ飬˴Ŵڣ
ӵִǺֱӷų˺ݻɱҶ
ΪݵһĴˣұΪһţŴҶгԱѾ˷ŭĸҲҶնɱɱ֮𲻹죡
ξһս
ҶǿƻӦ
һգҶ˲ûм棬յĶԻȴŨŨĻҩζ
δעҪˣҾֹһ
һµĿ




1299 ѡѡ
죬ǴСջȫҲΪ
οǰʮˣ̫ǿˣʥ̥۷ʿ
ݻѾãȷʵ޷ݵǾ
ݵһӣ˵ѾͻƵͨˣһЩһǿ߶Ƕ֡
ǴСջׯ磬ֻҪʿĵطиָۺʹ˵
˱һϢʱʯ쾪
صŶʥ̥ȴһͻˣ
һ£ܶ˶ΪαһеĵûˡӱضҪռһϯλҺпΨһġ𡱣
֮⣬Ҷ֮ĶԹҲʿֵһ£෹󣬶Ҫϼ䡣
Ȼˣ˶ΪҶαɡҶľ粻ʥ̥ڶѣ̫֮ˣͲһȼġ
Ҷģݽ޾ķƣӴ¥ҶΪɢˣֻϧαǱɡ
ѾųˣڱУֻҪȻɱӣ
ϧһţûüɳҪزˡ
ֻܹ˲ǵˣΨһĹޣ
ϣȱţܹɳĲţֻ꼻һֶѡ
ô˵ҶҲǺǵҵ峤Уֱ˼飡
Ϊ˰Ҳ֪Ūֲ֮һֻ־ѹ
ҶǿƻӦ˴۾Ϊ֪ϳǿ
ҲмһΪҶԲô򵥡
ʱһȥʽʼԽԽˣһɽŵǰա
һա
ѧԺĸԺҪвԱȫǰĹ㳡ϼϣҪѡѡ֣
β̫࣬Ȼݣȴֳ˰˸С飬ʮ˲
ȻÿСӶһѡ֣ԣǰѡѡҲģһϣǿһʼײϵĻʧ
ԣҲҪ֤Ĺƽԣѡѡģ
νѡ֣ҪȻʵˣûǿʵΪѡ֡
ϢһǷˣȻûʽѡѡ֣̱ȻҲǷǳʵġ
һ磬ʿǱǰǰĹ㳡ϡ
Ҷɽ˵Ĵ㳡ϵʱ㳡ѾΪˡ
ףǲݵ𣿸Ͻÿһ·ǽȥ
Ҷ˵̲ܶס¶ϷʵЦݣǿʵ̫ˣ޷ݿ⣬߸ѣ
ϷʵҶֵķǳƽһҲûзŭһ˿Ϲž˿ǳ
ţݲĳԱôһֻǰĪŲһͷ
ȺУǸעĿţСӣ쳣һ˫亱С
䡭
仰ʱΧ˵ĺôЦݵǲεģ
쵰
ͯ糿ǵͨ죬˫ȭţΪݵһԱ˼ӣЩջ
ͯʦã𼤶˲ܸһʶһЦúܴͯ糿˵
С˵˭ǹأȺУ˲޵
˭ǻ˵˭ûĶʦ𣿡ҲǲϳԿ̻ؾ˹ȥ
úúãүסˣ
˺޵ȴڴ֮ͥ¶ԱԱ֣ѧԺŭǳܲģ
ûб֮ǰκ˲Ա֣ؽϳͣĵĹ涨ȥսѧԺȨ
סӸ˲ǡӡ˵ˣǡӡҲֳѲ۾˾˲棡
Ͱ˻һʱ䣬Ϊûг٣Ƥ˵Ĺͻͽ
Сӣбķ緶ǰʶ޵
ȲԶˣҲͬʶķʽСС˰һƨ
㡭
˱ⷬòѪ˵һ䣬Ҳˡ
ͬʱаһݣȻݵȷûˣǲʵȴûԸٺݵ֮ˣǵſݵЦ
㳡ΪÿбʶӦһݵţÿݵŶԾԼ
ݱԵ΢λñܹ֮еλжˡ

һǰ̨뷢߰׵ߣһһһ£濴ȥҲʮҡ
Ҷ֪磬һ˵ĳֱ䡣
ΪһЩǿ󵽼ʿȫϻͯഺפ
Һãҡ
λͬʱڣ˵һ໥˭Ҳã
˵
ͬ
̨˿¸صѧԺԺŶ˭òӣЦֲң÷ǳࡣ
Ϲ֣ĸҹȥǰɣµߺߵ˵
½Ϲ֣ȸҹȥġ˿ãӵɵԲ
Ϲ֣ǵԺԺǲʵҲûãռһ֣߹һЦ̧Ժеѹߡ
ƨţϸûɣ۾ģǵԺԺǿŶԣЩСһǣɻ֤ɵۣŭɶ
⻹
̫Ʈˣ۶޷ɣοǣԣɾǾˮ£ȴʵڵģĴڡ
û˲֤ɵۡ
ڳɣǴ˵
գλ˭Ҳû˵˭ֻܸԽѡѡֵĹ˵һ飡
ѡֵѡκܼ򵥣ѧԺͬʱɳһǿߺͲԱУӶжǵʵսѡİΪѡ֡
ܴ󣬷Ϊ˸򣬹֮ãѡѡֻУ˶ܿ
ҿνѡʵѾûˣλʥӺ˱Ȼǰ˴ѡ֮һ
ʣµˣׯʥӣ۱ʥӸռһ޻Ҳ϶ܹѡ֮С
Ǿֻʣˣݵںʥӱռһҵǿ˱ȻҲС
ѡδʼжϣһƬ֮
ৣ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼɢ˰ϡ
ͬʱ㳡ԵҶɫƽ
٣һȺޣ
ǰЦϷŰɨˡ




1300 ѡ
̫ʥӺʥ˵ݡʵ͵λۺһ𣬱ѡԵƣʶȵǳԣԶһԺǿߡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˶Ŀעӵϣڴǵı֡
ǰָ̣
̫ʥӹؾϹ֮ƶȻŷ׼ȫһս
һս¹ܷΪѡֵݲð
ܺãְɣ
̫ʥӹ껵Ժǿߣ̫ܵʥӵƣλǿ͵ĹâֱӽԼչ˳
~
껴һʥ۵ޣһȭһͷʨ˲ǰһǰȥ
̫ʥӵʥ̥һͷʨҲһޣʵǿ֮Ȼʥȴʨԣ
䣡
ʨݺݵײ֮У֮ȻըȻƿˡ
Ȼǿûȫʩչ򣬵̫ʥܹһƵ֤ʵʮǿ
껺ǿ
ǰδͻͨԲһͨʿ
ͻͨжǿ
̫ʥӵıֶʱ˵飬׷׳̫ʥӵǿ
Ϊ˵һѡ֡
ͬʱǿ΢Ц˵ȴǰ𾪹껵ʵͬʱãεĴŴʵһΣԱʵǿܶࡣ
ͬʱʥǱҲ˲ԣʥһﲻƣʥֱɱ֮ڣͲԼǿ߶һƣͬƵǿߵ
λʥӹȻǿ󣬿ʥغ̫ʥغˣ
˵ս˹սˣȻûʽʼƺܹռֵıȻǡҲֵǿǰ
ߣ
˵۷׷׵ʱһɢǿϢһ
һǷҵǿˣ˻õضһۣжһɾ
̫ʥӺʥӵսĴ̼ǡ
ҵǿ˴δǰ¶棬ڶǻһڹ˸УϴһĹߣ˿ݡ
ܿ죬ӱվ˲ԼĵԺǿǰľȻݣңӣǰָ̣
ְɣ
Ժǿߵͷظܵͨڣھ֮ǰ֮Ѿ֮ġ
һ˶ǿ󣬾ɵģһ˻˵Ļǿɾ̫ˡ
ˣ
ӵͺһ˫˲óѪйâһһľ˸ɫĹâһǰȥ
ৣ
ȻľѾͨΪͨڵǿߣľͨǳǿ󣬹ˣ
һ֮춯أ
ԷƱɫһǿҲӲӣһȭӭȥ
䣡
һ촫Ӧ׷ɣеľҲȫˣɢڿС
ŵŵš
߲֮վˣɫһ࣬Ѫӿ
Ժǿһ
˻
ֳһ˶ˣӵս̫ǿˣȻǿߺһռľıˣʵսҲԱʥӸǿ
ͬʱǿǱҲˣǿһа磬ԺǿƵú˰벽
ս˵ļֲ٣˵ӸǿһЩ
ҪһȻô
ǰǿ߹ͬĿʥѾ㹻Ǿ޵ˣӺͷǿ˵ıָǿ𾪡
ܺãأ
λǿҲīֱǿԳΪѡ֣
ڽׯʥӺͽ𳤸Ҳ̨ͬλǿߵ˳Ϊѡ֡
ڣѾѡˣֻʣˣںʥͬʱ
գڵĺ֮ǰʳˣʧѡʧۣ֮˳Ϊ˵ѡ֡
˵Ĳԣɼƽƽ޷ǿ߲µ򣬲ҲչֳԼǿĹ
ȫֵ֮ݣ޻ӺҶǳ
ʱ˶ûȥڳˣ˿ʼ
ԣû˿ݣΪݲٵģʵҲģݶȲϡ
޻ӶԺǿߣһб㽫Էƣٴ˺䶯
˭Ҳû뵽ݾȻҲܹΪѡֵǿߣ뵽޻ǿľ޵۹δʱ־Ȼˡ
һǿĵ۹ʵһǿڱûж𣬾޻ӵĵλҲ൱ʥصʥӣûսŲ
Ҷı־ѰζˣһȭȻǿվûֵܽƣֻǿ⡣
СҪˣ
һ۱㿴Ҷ˼
ͨôദҶʵָƣ֪Ҷе۱ܡ
ҶʵսԷ˾Կ
Ҷ;޻̫֮һͯ糿½ȥԣǶûܺԼĶ֣
ʥ̥Էֻм֣ܲҪǵҲô׵飬ԣĽû˸е⣡
գѧԺԺѡֵҶɽǾ޻ڰ˴ѡ֮һ
ʵսҿɣ
֤Ҷʵ֮󣬲˶ĸ̾Լ֮ǰĲ²Ǽһ֡
֮ǰǾͲ²⣬Ҷ֮ǿƻӦΪԼжǿʵţƹˤ֪ԼҲǱɣ֮ǰһҲǺõġ
ʵ̫ˣҶûһϣ
ܹΪ˴ѡ֮һĻеϣܹӵӹһ٣ڿˣ
˵ȱľţֻܹɳŲδز۵̫ˣ
ڹ˽֮˶ҶͶȥĿ⣬겻ѡ
Ҷݺݣ޾ƣ¥ǿ߶ȴջ
ͲμӱĻӻκβڱУһЩֶҲòȫƾʵ˵ˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ֪ҶμӱɻҪμӣⲻ뻢𣿡
ûɵţ˵ʲôҲμӱģֻҪٸһЩɳʱ䣬δرӲ̫ϧˣ
ЩۣɽɫһһףεҪΪŵҫҲҶμα
Щ˵ģҶμӱʲô
ѾͨڵǿˣҶôҲܺһ󾳽֣ܶ
ͯ糿޵ݣҶμӱ׵˼Щ˵ĻܴܵĴ
ͬʱȴ˼ؿҶ
ֱǸҶԲֵô




1301 
֮˱ɢȥˡ
ص۱סͯ糿һʱҵҶһҶ磬Բǲμαġ
ҲõģԼԸģκ˶ûϵ¹ŵұҪ
Ҷ΢ЦŴͯ糿Ļ
ţ
ҶŶЦݣͯ糿һӿֳһֵͷѵҶ粻£
ͬʱɽҲǳǺҶ޾ķ粨ӵĸ׶ɱˣѾͻƵͨڣҶһϣǱɵġ
һҶսôɽһɹʧҲһԵĴ
һ̣ǶҶˣ
˶˳ЦϧǼţֻҪҶʱ䣬ᴴһ漣
Ǹûʱ䣬Ҫʼˣڸ޷˳
ɽ˽˶ټԼķУʼоսս
ʵҲûʲôоģÿС鶼ѭֶİǿ
仰˵ʵһУûκνңҲʲôսս
νսսʵ֪еĶ˭ʱ΢˼һ¾ˣ䣬ʵԱıսʤ֣û֡
мһ㣬ʵ޷սʤͲҪǿֱ䲻ˣһĹޣֱӰɼһҪǡ
ϺˣԸֱĹָƣͬʱҲ֪ôȥùӡ
޷սʤĶ֣䲢ˣһֱȫʵĲԣԼܵļģԱƾеıսʤ֣ӱû֡
ЩǾ̸֮ҶȻô󣬵˻ǷǳõģܹܵĽԼʵչֳ
ɽ֯Ҷ˿ͬʱһըԵϢʥߵٶȴ
ݵĲԱȫɱҶݵǣܽҶɱҽл
ٴθպɱҶľģ
Ϣܿ㴫ȫǣǲĸǻǿߣ֪¡
ļˣ˾΢΢һЦһ˿Ĺâ
ҶûܳΪ˴ѡ֮һ˾Ʒǳ죬ȻҶʵսܹʵӦòŶԣ
ԴˣΪҶڹԼʵҪϻܶ˳Ծġ
ǷӦһеΪҶǱɣԼ˻ɱܻҵıꡣ
ҲеֺܵǲȱνлȡӹĲԣ˭Ҳ̬ķչ
˶ΪҶαɣΪ˫Ĳʵ̫ˣҶһᶼûС
Ǳȵβˣ
̫ʥ΢۾̾Ҳû뵽ӾȻͻơ
ʵͻƵͨЩ˶ԲѣֻһֱѹԼʵԼľͻƵ̫ѡ
Ҫδпĵ·վȽŸһÿһ綼Ҫ쳣̣ﵽ²ܽͻơ
һЩѡÿһ糬Խޣ
ȻεĲжռͷ˵ͱЩʥǸǿֻ˵ԼЩ˸һͻƵͨѡ
̫ɺˣ
ŵõϢ֮ƿڴ
Ҷܲܽǿδ֪Ϊһεİǿʵ̫ǿˣʥӼģôһ֣ǲҶţ
ϲˣˣóô˻ῴжҲҶһ˿Ĺâ
ҶӣҪ㻹ǱμӱˣɣЩĵĿҶϵ˵
İɣҲµģҶһů΢Цſڣ˿ġ
Ҷ磬ȻִҪμӱҲˣһҪ󡪡ǿеʱǧҪСģӲƴʱ͹䡣⣬򲻿˽սܴӦ𣿡һԵͯ糿˵
ȻҶ֮ǰ̸Լ˿̵̬ȸҶȻҲսȻбֶΣȻʮֵġ
⡭
ҶЩѣýֺͷҲ뵽ֻҪҵϣȻսܶܲ
Ҷ̾˿ί˵糿İɣзִ磬ԼЦ
Ҿ֪˵ҲģҪӦͲҶˣͯ糿ĵ̾˿
֪ҶԸ񣬾Բ䣬һٵΣվ͸ˡ
СҪ˰ȺһôһɵΪأ
˼Ȱ˵Ҷʱ򣬰費ĴС
ܺûЩʲôˣ˶Ҳš
Ȱ˰ҲûȰҶֻףڱв̫ǿĶ֣֮ǰȻһԵˣܱסԼ
һҹ޻ڶ峿һ쳹ǡ
ʽʼˣ
ѭƱÿİҲܶ࣬һ
ԭΪĹ㳡˰˸ȻռҲС˺ܶࡣ
ÿϢ̨ûвμӱѡϢ͹ۿ֮á
вѡֵ֮󣬿ʼ顣
ʮּ򵥣вֶһλԺȡ
棬һ飡
δΰ飡
Ԩ飡
Ǯͨ飡
һֺͷÿѡֶԾԼڵķȴűʼ
ͯ糿飡
ͯ糿Ⱥ߳ĬĬڵλ
һʮ˺ܿ챻˴ֳ˰顣
ɺϵǣҶȻҲ飬ͯ糿һУѭвɱ˻
⣬ҾȻ˷飬һӵܣһĵڶǿߣӣΪͬɲ⣬ﵽʥ̥۷塣
һȻ̫ǿʵҲﵽʥ̥ڡ
ҲӲӡ֤ҵʵס
ʵϣҶ¥ºݵŻɱ˲٣ˮƽڸߣ
˷ϣλѡҲʼȡԼڵ顣
󣬽֣ѡʥ磡




1302 ʼ
Сѭƣ֤ÿһѡֶ桢֣ʤ3֣0֣ջۺʵ
Ϊ˸򣬰ͬʱУڿԸݸϲú͹עѡ֣ѡۿһı
ÿһһǳĶѡ֣ʣѡеһˡ
Ҷͯ糿ûץһֱǵĳ͵
һݵĹϼ壬ҵǿ
ûʥأȴдйϵļ塣
Ƿң̫֮ǰУ˺ü۵ʱûɼж
ȻˣҺͷûȵģȻͬоԶʵǵ̶޷ͷȡ
ಣ
Ȼǵһѡ֣һҲûеӵ˼ԾԾԣһѾ롣
αҪԣԺԺѧԺ൱ӣλԺ򣬶һǿ߲룬ӱͬʱС
ǿ߶ѧԺʦҲǿߣ֤д´࣬Ҳ㹻
Ϊѡ֣ȻҲϣŲһϹʾԼ𾴡
Ȱѹ˵һ£ʼʱſԶֱ֣̭𣿡ֵĲԵԺɨһ˵
ף
ͬش
ܺãҽһ£ҽзۣԵԺһʦı
ɨһۣ˵ĹȻǻ֪ˣһҪһ¡һϽڱʱɱ֣סǱսҪĻ͸ǩ״Ҳٹʡ
ڶһ㲻ֻ֣ҪҳˣֹʤһüΥֱ䣬лֹ㣬𣿡
ˣ
̨°ͬĻش
ˣϻ˵˫ͨ˺ף׼һ֣׼
ֱа׿⣬ܲµ磬޶ȵļٴսƻ
ݣң
ݣڣ磡
ʼ
˸֮ͨ󣬷۹ʽʼ
ֱԻԼʥ̥Ȼһֻͷ˫һչаףžŸԴһԵø׶
ͷһִ˵еݣͣʵǿ󣬶һǷʥ̥
һֻССѣôҲɲߣ
絭һЦʥ̥ûԻֶһ˵ӡ
֮ܣ
һ˫һչչᣬԼٶȳ嵽ǰ˫ӥצһݺݵؿץȥ
ͬʱʥ̥ͷľŸԴһʥ⣬һԴֱԴҧȥɭɭݷź⡣

һӣһƳϣֱӽֵʥ̥ɢˡ
꣡
ǰ·Ҳһצץˣ¶ʵţؿ˼ӡ
ն
˫ֺһ쵶һ£ƿյХ
Ҫעһˣ
֪
ɫ࣬ץ·úûӣһȭȥҵʥâһӽ˫ֱˣͬʱһĵ
һҪˣҲòУпܻᱻֱƵӴ˳Ϊһˡ

ǧһ֮ʣӲһŤβӲһţܿҪ
飡
һ죬ֱӱ߷˳ȥ⣬
飬һڣʤ
֡
ͬʱĵһҲˣÿһѡֶԾƣһʤ֣ЩܵҲʾķڷ
û취ܹսѡֻ֣ε䣬ûκη̵ϣ
Ҳܹ֪ѡֵʱԼûϣû򣬱ʵȥ˾
Ȼ޷ǰܹǰʮҲǺõģǰʮҲܹԺԺġ
ҶûȥעЩ˵ıΪ֪ҲʲôǿǿԾʱЩ˻϶ʤ֣һзֳʤ
ȻвʣҲףսȥԼȻսʤ֣ԼһܴģҲĬ
̨֮󣬵ڶ̵ǳһĵڶţ죬ս԰ݵһСŵš
⣬켸ѹԵƣʮ֮ڱսԷǲɱ֣Σӣ
Ҳ˳µĻֺ֣ؿҶһۣһĨӵƣȻصԼλϣ
ƵƣҶɫƽѡӡ
ǵϳ˫ʵ޼þʷ׳ʣಮ٣Χ۵к
߸ıҲݱĽţÿһζһ˵õֵĻ֣һʲôҲû̵
ʱȥһʱܿȥˣıҲĻԷݵһڸһ֮󣬽ݵһŻܣ֡
ⳡǺʱġ˶ʥ̥ڵģʥ̥ǿ󣬸似㲻ø⾫ʡ
Ȼһս֮ǿҲûʲôˣⲢӰԺս֪ǵʵжǿܴܲùȴһˡ
绹ʱʳζȣǿ޵ģʿкôҲǲǵ
Թ֮˸Ϣȴûлȥԭػۼ¡
ȻûڱĳԱ֮У˾İ£ҲŪһЩʳ
˾ƶ԰ǵӡǳ̣һȻޣ༸û𣬶ǸƦԸ񣬺ܶθڡ
ȻˣЩҲ˾ռģѧԺΪѡǶģʯȻѧԺƽ̯
˾Ҳû̫Ʒѣеʳﶼֻճɱۣ˾ռ岻û׬˲١
СʱϢһıС
ĵһҶսһԷݵţΪʥ̥ڣҶһ硣
ⳡ˺ܶ˵Ȥ
Ϊ
ǾãȻҶڲԵʱֵĲ⣬ʵսϾΣҪͨ۲죡




1303 δŲ벽
һĶԾҶӭԼĵһ
ΪҶʵ̫ˣı˺ܶڡ
ϹأͨȻ
ֺķ۾ؿҶһۡ
ݣҶָ̣
ݣڳף
˫֮ͨ󣬸һȥ˲Ͼ룬תӡ
ʼ
ۿһۣʽʼ
ָһ£
׷ǳһ٣ȰҶûжԼʥ̥
ĺӡ
һĻǹһ䣬۾
òҲ֪г׵ļһԲҶĶ֡
ԿĳףҶϲޱͬûʩչԼʥ̥ǵԼǰ
ûлˣ
ЦһȭͷȻһŻ棬ɢųȵ¶ȣݺҶؿڴȥ
ô
Ҷ΢΢һЦַ⵲
飡
촫Ҷɷ³׵Ĺ

ɫһ䣬
顭
Ҷվԭأϳ֣쵽ۻҵĵز۳״ĸǶȹҶܽĹƷס߻⡣
򣡡
һϰУǶȵ꣬ٶֿ죬һ˾ԵסĹ
Ҷͺδ֪һڹؼʱ̽ĹƷ⵲⣬ûһЧ
һĹò˽кãȴпԼ֪˼籩Ĺû˵ԷҶ˫ַ·𾫽һ㣬Լȭͷ¶жߣȴκβ˫ַֺ
Ȼ
һķ𣬳óԼʥ̥һֻʵĻˣڻ֮Уա
֮ն
һȣ˫һ㣬ųҵ¶Ҷն
ҵĻ⽫ȫˣͨ˸ͿһЩʵһЩʿеΡ
ΨЩܹʥȼ֪еҶ˫鱦һ㣬ȫ׵Ĺ⣬Ϲĵһ㵭âȫ棬ûܵκ˺·ûбյ
ҿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
նʩչϣ˫۳죬ȼգһ˿ʼȥ
ʥ̥壡
һ֮ʿʵᱶ˵ҶζӦʥ̥壬ֱӴϡ
ҶûУǾؿţһ˿ֵļûУɶʥ̥塣
㲻øʱģ̫дˣ
׵ͺһ˫۱˷ᣬгëƣһ˷˵ӣͷϳ˷ڣ
ɱ
˫£Ʊǣ֮ǰǿʢ˽һ
Ҷƽžһû˿˫ܽĹ
ֱʱǲŷ֣ҶȻһֱڱʼնûŲ벽
úܶ˳ԾѣͬʱҶʵһµܹسѾڲ֮ˡ
һ׵ĹҶؽչķʱ򣬳׿¾ҪΣˡ
Ȼ׵ʥ̥޷ҶƶһԾɱܵķŪøλ󶯡
ԼľȶԷߣʵҲǿԷȴһֻĴһǴ̣ûֵĵط
֪ȥĻܵĻԼԣҲҪҶȥˡ
ݣ
һȣſڷһķ϶죬´ģƾˡ

˫ֺ£һҵĹâֱҶȥ类ݺݳһӵһת
˼
Ҷ΢΢һЦԷʵҲչֲˣֵˣÿһɱڿʼʱǱضġ
ȻﵽѾˣȴԾɲܱ⣬ɱԽɱУڷʱԽԣ
ҶöֵǿǿһȭֱӭҵĹâ
䣡
ҶһȭֱӽҵĹâɢˣ漴ݺݵĴڳ׵ָϣʥ£һӽָǴˡ
꣡
ͷѵںҲԵô̶
ţ类ݺһŵƤһֱӷɵʿ˸æҡ

Ŀɿڴ˭û뵽Ľ
һʼǾҶܹսʤҲǳѣû뵽Ȼֱӽֺˡ
״ʥ̥״̬½ɫɷף˫ָǱˣ۵Ťˡ
Ҷʤõ֡
ڷ˱֮ҶصԼλϡ
ҶʵԲô򵥣
ҶƽӣŸղŵıйս˶жϡ

ţ峡ʼ峡ҲһһѭһҵһŶͯ糿
˫ϣ໥֮ͨ㿪ʼ˱
ҵ㣬Ҳһʥ̥ڵǿʿȻոͻƵʥ̥ڲãʵȻǳǿ
ⳡҶǳģ֪ǰ죬ھ۱Ĺ֮Уͯ糿ɹͻƵʥ̥ڣʥ̥ڵǿߣɲֹۡ
ͯ糿Ҳ֪һսԼ֮ĵһսҲҪһսԼҪӮҶ濴ţ
֮ǰҶսܴģͬʥ̥ڶʥ̥ڣţҶģԼҲһܹ
һʼͯ糿㽫ԼһСɵı۶Ϊ֪һǿĶǰԼʵŰأ
ٺ٣
һЦ˵ҶСֵŮˣҾǰòΣյϢ

仰ͯ糿Ĳκἰ仰䴥ʹͯ糿ʱˡ
һ߿ͯ糿չֳԼʥ̥һֻ׵ɺףŶ߹
ɺףһֻݼ
ɢΣյϢһһͷǣȰǻһ֣쳣ײС
໡
һͯ糿ȥһͯ糿ȥ
ͯ糿˫գһ˫۾ǷŭĻ棬һԱ۶ȥ
ͬʱʥ̥ɺҲǶһһ㣬һâ
ʥ̥֮սҲǷǳʵģֻǺ˵ʥ̥ս󲿷ֻʥ̥ĳԽս
ʵ֮ĲԾսпͯ糿ȻѾͻƵʥ̥ڣϾոͻƣһ磬ûҶôǿ󵽱̬ʣڱһ·硣
㣬࣬ԵԼһͯ糿Եú⣬ÿһжֱָͯ糿ҪλƵæҵķ
ž
ȣͻͯ糿ķһƳϣʱ۵ϳİӡҲ˲
㲻У
ͯ糿ҡҡָһĵ˵
Ҫļŭͯ糿Ψͯ糿䣬Űֱɱ
Ȼ˵вʩɱ֣ϾǱȫԸĻпܻᱻˣ
ԣҲΪѣͷײ֣ƻ˱Ĺƽԣ
Ҹƴˣ
ͯ糿ȻмƣʢŭеԼͶ֮Ĳ࣬жͬھĺʽһʱ䵹ǱƵæһ

Ҷһ۱㿴ĹƣκβȥֹⳡĽУΨ̾һ
γףͯ糿ȫΪǾԼŮ˴ʹ
ң㣡
Ҷ΢΢˫ۣĿ絶һ㶢ϵ㣬ɱ




1304 ҶVS
ͯ糿ɽдҲͲҶĽ졣
пܻɽ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
Ҷһֱԭ
οͯ糿ģ⣿
κ˺ͯ糿
ΪҶߣⲻ֪ѴҶۣ
ۣ֮
ž
һİٴγͯ糿ŭʧȥǵ˲䣬ݺݵشһƣ
ʱͯ糿ʥ̥ɺ׺ǵսҲβɺ׵ȷǷǳǿʥ̥֮ʵ̫ˣջǲʥ̥
壡
ƣͯ糿΢һЩ֪ȥĻԼɣֻһˡ
٣ûˣ
һ˿ĹâҲ뱣ʵԱڽıܹ֣ͬܶҪ

䣬һȭͯ糿ϣֱӽѪɳȥʥɵս׶ˣ
ס֣
Ȼͯ糿Ծû䣬Ҳûзɳ֮⣬ۻǳˣѾͯ糿˿˲ᣬٱɡ
ǱսԲܳ״ʧְˡ
ˣ
ղŵȷɱģͯ糿ķҲǷǳǿģûܵóѡ
һĸͯ糿ιһҩȻҶУⳡʤ
СӣСĵ㣬Ҫǿɲҵ£һЦҶ˵
ƣһȭҼסˣ
Ҷعͷ䶢㣬ɱŷ
⣡
ܵҶ¶Ŀɱ⣬뵽Ҷ¥ǿ˶ɱˣĲɵþˣһĪĿ־ͷ
ߣסΣ
ӿֳ˿־壬û¶ϣһӪ
峡ȫԭĵ෽֮󣬾ȡˣΪѡֵĶСٽеڶֵı»ΪʵĶ޷ӡ
Ҷͯ糿ʥԴԴϵ뵽ڣָơ
ʱڣͯ糿޷ָֻʱסƣȻصסټˡ
ص۱Ĺ֮ҶΪͯ糿ˣֱȶ
ȶ֮ͯ糿뿪ҶĬĬػصԼķбչˣκҲ
ԴˣҶ֪ͯ糿ԼûǰһҪͯ糿
ʱ˹ͯ糿һöյָò
յǼ͵ĵҩָֻܻԼòøƯ˻ᱻݵ֮⣬κ˶ûá
һֲоģһҲû٣Ҳ;۱ƴ֣óһöϡжֲֵǮĵҩ
Թ̫֮һ˸ԻطҶҲصԼķ䣬ֱӽռȥˡ
ڶһ磬ڳٴĹ㳡ϣλ
յͯ糿һҹ޲ꡣѾȫָˣϿԿĺۼ
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СѭĵڶֱһԾ硣
ݵţоͻ˶֣˳õڶ֡
Ҷı˵
ĶֲǱˣմͯ糿㣡
Щţ
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ȫ֣޷ɱҲҪù
ͬʱӶָʾҪȫҶ֡
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ڶͼֵʱȽϳˣ˵һľ飬˶ԼĶҲһЩ˽⣬ڱʱȻҲԵս
һ뵽˾ʷ׳ʵĽ׶Σ˴ϴȲʵ
пŵп֣ЩͨˣֻҪþʣȭȭ⣬âĿǾ;úÿ
һЩеʿȴЩ˵ıѧ˺ܶණһЩʥãʥ̥Եķӣֵѧϰġ
Ҷڵĵͬúܾʣ˫һʼóʥ̥ȭâ죬ƾѵأʥ̥˻𣬲ʱĿĹâǵһЩͨ˲Ͼ̾ѡ
һˮ׼ıȻ˫ʵѡȲһЩȴڲֲ٣սԵԽ
Ҷ˼ȫûϣ۱˴öôմ̼ʼûκαʾ
˼ڼıϡ
룬βùϵ
֪УڶˣѵսջǷֳʤ˫ƶᣬνǲʤ
ڷ˱֮³Ҷһһ
ĹҾͲ˵ˣ˫ͨ׼ޱؿڡ
ٺ٣ҶҴŮˣǲǺܷŭҾվбΪŮ˱ɣ
˫֮ͨȿڣһЦ
ܿ죬ͻΪΪۣ
ҶӦŲĺһֱ衣
ðҵҪҸĴۣ
Ӧһ޿֣ʵȴս뼤ŭҶӶѰҶ©Ҷһɱ
һΣҶûлӦ͵ƣһѳʵıޱȡ
˫ĳԹѾֻѪȥĵز˵ٶ඼ǷϻΨಫ
ɣ
Ϊǿ
ۿҶƣȳֱӽԼʥ̥Իһͷǣ

ʥ̥֣һʥſѪڣ͵Ҷ
Ҷһֻ۶㡣




1305 
顪
һ̡
ʥ̥Ҷвһ׵ʱҶһֱ߳ӽʥ̥߷ɳȥʮԶصˤڵϣȥ黯˲٣û֮ǰôʵˡ

ô˻ᣬ嵽Ҷǰ˫ֻӳָʥӿצһҶؿץ
һıѾãһʥ̥ʿץˣɡ
Ҷץ
ৣ
ҶŲһ飬һ࣬ץצâ
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Ҷ˵Ȼڣ羪ը죬һ١
ʱ
ৣ
ҶȻӳʥӿХų㡣
ž

㱻Ҷ鷭ڵأʥ˲飬һ
ৣ
ҶͣһץһץסͷȻ
㡭Ҫʲô
ס꣬ѿʵ
ž
ž
ž

ӦĶ
飡
飡
Ŀ֮£ҶץͷץһֻСһ㣬ֻӶһʮ⡣
һֻľżһһ㷴ûУֻǱȫ䣬ѪڵϣĿģ
Ҷʵһ㹻Դ飬ɱꡣ
Ҷûô
սжҪȡʸ
⡭
޵쾹ȻҶ˿ûм֮һ£ͬʱҶû֡

ۿҲˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶǱ˸Ƶģ͵һͿ㣬ӽѵһ⡣
Ҳۻ˰ɣ
⻹ǸôмܵûУ
Ҷôôͣ
ϵһĻˣ⺺ͨ˶֪ҶͲĶ֡
лл㣬Ҷ磡
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Ҷ֮ȫΪ
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ҵڶǿüͷγ㲻ҶĶ֣ȴ֪Ҷʵʲôطǳ
ɱŨ޲̳嵽ϽҶ򱬣
ţ
ͬʱҶزҪԤˡ
ৣ
Ҷ˫ȻӶΪն˫ۡ
ۡ
Ҷ˫ʥӿֵҪ˲佫˫۴ӼѪĽ
飡
ն˫ۣҶδ֣ɨһ㣬ֱӽ˫ȴϥɨˣ¶˰ɭɭĹͷӡ
ס֣
۴ʧɫæӹҪȳء
ղҲľˣȫû뵽ҶʵȻ˵Ŀֲ˾һε鱦һ㡣
Ȼ
Ѿˣ
飡
ڷۿڵһ˲䡣Ҷһŵĵʥ̥Ҳһˣ׷ϵһΪ

㷢һ춯صĲҽУֱӱҶ߳
ٸˣ
۹˲Ҷ鷳æɹȥ㱧Ѿȫˣ飬ʥ̥飬֫ضϣ˸ʵķˡ
ˣǾҲûʲôˣֻ׸
ɫѿؽ㽻죬صϣҶѾס֣ΪλҪϵĵ
Ҳû䣬ʱҵѾ߳ȥˣҲղˡҶʼ硣
㡭Ʊ磡òᣬȴ
ʦûнƱ磬ϣȭۣҲΪ˵־ηηŰɣҪĻʲô壿
۽ƱĹҲҶĶ֣Ȼ֪ǿʶӲ벻ɡ
ҲԼûо췢⣬ֲʱѾ̫ˡ
ҶӣԲųɹؽϵˣûΥ

Ȼֱԡ
Ҷܹ򣬾ǽңʵͳǸȱ
һĻš
һսݣɣҶʤ
֮£ֻҶʤ
Ҷ飬Ը첻ҪңʬΣ
ŷ۵Ļ£Ҷͬһ죬㣬ɱڵ˵
ɱ׼
ҶɫƽػӦ˵һ΢С£ȴͬһը죬óֱ㶡
ҲһȻ
Ϊ˴ɳĵڶţڴ֮ǰһֱչأδҶ棬ֻ˵Ҷǿղʶ
ţ
ٴοڣ̨ҶȻܵɭĿ⡣
ĿУɱȻ
Ŀ˷ֱ桢Ҿӡ
ŴҪ£ƶ߶ˣвʥʥȻҲȱϯ
οҶʧأҪĿҶɱ

ĸҶС
ɱ֮𣬲죡
䲻ԳֻɱҶҲҪԼĵܵӽҶɱ
ãããȻſǿɸʱս
ͬ桢˵ĿͶߣ·ս飬ҪҶս

Ļ£һ궯
ԤϵҶǲݵľ棬û뵽һ̣Ȼô죡
ʥ̥۷壬ҶС磬ҶӦô
궯ͬʱЩս˶ԼͬʱĿͶҶȴҶĴ𸴡
ɽͬҶ
£΢ͣͼҶҪ£ߣû˵ڡ
ΪһֱҶǵӡ󣬶һ³çˡ
Ϊˣ뽫ȨҶһҶڡ
ն㣬նӣ
һ̡
˵עУҶڣȴ




1306 ս
ս
־һ㣬ѸǴˣ˶ֻ֪ҪҶҵĵڶȻһĶǵսһǳʡ
ǸҶжǿҵʮ˵Ҫնӡֵܣ
ս鴫˶Ҷʵʵе档
ܶˣҶϵܹʵǱϿЩһء
һЩϤҶ̱뵽Ҷó֮ƺУûжְԵ
Ҷ֮Ļս϶
ϤҶˣǲϤҶˣԴҲ벻ҶƾʲôԽնɱӺ죡
ǸҶǿԺһսԲӵĶ֣˫̫󣡡
һͨʿжϡ
жϵõ˾󲿷˵ͬ
ûΪҶʸһս
ǰıսĳ֣ǵһӱȼˣй˶ڼŸʵı֡
죬ƶ߶ˡ
ȻҲֳ
ǵСıͬûʸΪġ
ʵʥʥûʸΪ
Ϊεı췽ûϯ˶ڳս
Ȼ󲿷˶ѡվڿйսУƶߺһЩϵǿ߶ռѵλá
ǵ߳˸Ľܳ˺Ҫ֮⣬ʮ֮ڣûκ˸ҿ
峿ʱ򣬲ѡֻûеѾ㳡ˮйͨˡ
Ϊ˸ѡԤߵͨ²ѡǾֻܴЩ˵ͷˡ
Ҷһ߽ʱѾ˲ˣʽʼҲֻʣΪʱˡ
Сѭĵڱʼ֮ǰҪȡһÿ˵Ķ֣ʵܼ򵥣֮ǰĶֶԼܹȡķΧ֮ڣԣѡĲ̫ˡ
ΪʧǣⳡҶûкҵĵڶһ𣬶ǸԶ鵽ԼĶ֡
ÿ鶼ʮԱôӦģÿҪųֻꡣ
ĶǿҲЩĳЩطԼķӣԣԭÿ˵Ļᶼ٣ٱ֤˱Ĺƽԡ
һΣҶɱ˲׼ԼĶ־鷢֮Žܡ
ϿҶӮ൱ѣپһʵƴ֮Ӯ˶ԷΪҶ֮ӮԷȫǶԷԼʧɵġ
ȻˣֿĶһЩͨʿΪﲻ΢֪Ĺ
ЩǿʿϵǿߣǵǷǳϬģһ۱㿴͸ҶǹΪ֮вп
޷⣬ҶڱʱȻ£ΪԼĶֶѹԼΪǿΪ
κʱ򣬿ЧĽֶǵѡһнľõڶУ˷Լ
ÿ˵ʵǷǳģڱУʥĹĶ벻غ
һںͻȻĳһΪʵȵȸ涼޼Ķô˭ܸõıԼʵ˭ܹսжһʤ㡣
ڽûսԹս˵Ҳձ鲻ôǣֻڱıпһЩʵĶԾ
ȻСѭѡγŻǷǳ޵ģкܶŶӵǿʵѡ֣һ·նֲǡ
һ峡ܿͽˣڹ˵δû취ǵѡǵʵģÿֻ峡Ҳ˵ÿÿһ
֪İŻô£죬Ҷûкҵڶŵϣڴսӡ
߸ıҲݱĽţÿ춼һЩʵıϹڣֳո߳𣬼̾˷
ѭڰŶֵʱҶڱһ𣬷ڵڶıϣ
һ㳡ϼˣ
˵עȫ˵ıû˿ˡ
ģ죬ҪԾˣһЩʿֵ˵
ҿٰ췽Ǵĵθڣ㰲Ǵ˲͵ˣҲʡǴҵⳡ
վҪԾģθʲô˼ֻܿһЩˮ׼ı֪Ͳˡ
ܶ൥ֻΪ˹ۿʿۣԹ췽㰲棬ƫƫθڡ
ȻҲֻǷɧˣûĿŵָ췽ԺԺѧԺ½ʿĿеʥأû˸ҶԺ
ৣ
֪Ϣ߿˫ԹĹâҲע
Ҷⳡǣǧ˵ģݺ˵ġ
ԴӲμӱҶҵĵڶ˶δһܣҲûкѡ棬ټⳡսȻˡ
ոշ֣ûʽʼǾ̲סʼЩͽ˽￪̣˭ʤ
ҾãʤĸʴһЩϾҴ˴βμӱĵڶţʵӣʥ̥۷壬Ҷھϱ߳һС绹ࡣ˾֮ľжϡ
ûҲΪҶˣ˾ԲܷŹֻҪһ߻ᣬػὫɱ
ȷһҶУں̭ԵˣһӾɱҲˣԣһʵϾǷһˡ
㳡һƬû˿ҶΪɣһûı
ȻսȻѾû϶ǳʣʼ²Ҷֶܼ೤ʱŻᱻɱ
Ҳ£ְܼʱ漣ˣ
Ĳ²⣬ʱһƬ󻩡
ʱȻǶ֮սֳı˵Ѿܳˡ
˫ʵ̫Ļò˰ʱ䣬ʮ֮ھֳܷʤ
Ϸ۹Ҷûô죬϶һЩû⽫һǳʵ
һЩʿ˵ԼĹ۵㣬ԣҶǰȻӮĿƼѣʵϷǳ򵥣ֻǲԸ籩¶Լʵѡ
ƾڶ̶̵һ˲ϵܿһЩߣҶʵɲ⣡ǱϿô򵥡
ˣʥ̥ڵţҶƺȫûκλֵ۶ûֹҶϵ˵ʲô
ϧһ㱻ܶѡԵĺˣܶ˿ĽҶ֮侳ϵĲࡣ
İ112Ҷ15򰡣
в֪Ķͽ˱ˣĵĿģߺ
ǡü΢΢һ壬һ۱˵ȥѺעѹҶʤԼҪ˼Ӯ˾С
ˣ
۱һЦ۹⣬ֻ֪Ҫı׼û϶׬Ǯ²һʯƱ˹ȥ
ѺһƷʯ
ѺʮƷʯ
Ѻ
۱ĵͽǰʱѾвѺעˣȻˣѺʤҶǱ߼ʽһöƷʯûС
һ۱ϹͽյʯȫƷʯĻǶ١
ҲѺע
۱һߵ˼ȥЦеͳһʯƱͽǰ
ðӭѹ˭ѹ٣
ͽû̧ͷǰ˭ѿڶ
ţ
ǰ˵ʱ򣬶ʱһ㶣ΪоȻһʯƱ
ʯƱʲôȻϵãܹʯƱĶǲƴֵĸ
ѺҶʤһٽƷʯ
۱΢ЦŴгһżֵһٽϵʯʯƱдҶֵһߡ




1307 һȭɱ
˻
Χ̲סһһٽƷʯɲģ˵ľͶˣ
λֵܣǴҵ𣿡ͽҲһʿһĻ˫ֱż۾վ
㲻ǿ𣿼ȻģȻӦѺעҾѺҶӮôţѵѺҶӮɣ
۱Ҳվͽš
ܺãȻԸʯһҪл㣬עҽˣͽ˼һҶûʤϣʯհײգ
ǵУֵһڿʼˣȵǳԾѡ磬Ҷеķݵĳס
˲֮һʱ䣬һȭ㽫׻ˣʤҲķڷ
³֮󣬽ĿڴѾõҶ֮սˣ
ҶɱγĶԱȣƺûнⳡսһ
зҲ˺ܶ࣬ϾһսȻǩ״֮ûκεģϾսܲϡ
λҪˣսֻһ˻Ҫս𣿡й£һ䡣

³ֱ㲻˵ˡ
һԣҶҲͷʾȷҪս
˫ĳѾ̸̸ܺƽģΨѪܹ⣡
ðɣ
Ҷ˼Ҳ˵ʲôˣó׼ã׼ʹõ״ǰ
״ݶһģ޷Ǿ˫̣սսκ˲֣һս˺ŲѰ𱨸ȵ
½ǩĵطս˫ҪǩԼ֣һ֤ǲз۵ǩ
ȫǩã˫ͲиһţΪƾ֤պ˲ˡ
Ҷӹ۵ݹıʣ״ȫǩԼ֣ͬʱҲǩԼ֡
ҶģѪծѪ
Ҷ״ǩԼ֣ԶĿһ˿Ĺâ
ʵǳ˽⣬֪ңݣʵԼ׵ܵӣеţȻʥ̥۷壬һЩͨڵĳ϶Ķ֣ܹͬ״ս
ҶôҲսʤ졣
ΪҶ֮Һ¥ڶҪԭٺʹƾʵһˡ
˫˻أ׼
໥ͬĳʡˣҲ֪Է˭ûҪ׳ˡ
Ҷ˸˺м׵ľ룬ϵϢȻŷ
ûȷۺʼ˱㰵ս໥ѹԷ
һĻ죬ʲôҲû˵ֱ˵һԹս˫ѾʼˣҲûҪ˵ʲôˡ
Ͽ˭ҲûжʵȴѾڽˣ֮սһ·磬ǣ£Ȼ⵽Է籩ĹֱΪֹ
ͨ˿ʲôһЩΪǰȴףϵƴա
ˣ
Ҷǰһ·޷Զ죬¶ƤϽɫĹâ˸
ˣ
ͬǰһҶãǿϢмײ·ϵ˸ǿƻ
˵ƾУӶʱ޷ֳʤ
һЩʿжϣⳡıڴˡ
ٺ١
˾ȺЦһʲôҲû˵ѾҶʵҪϲ٣ⲻΪ֮ѡ
ԭΪҶŲʱЩˣʱһȥʱѾҡˣǾãԼ޷жеˡ
ͬʱıûпʼעҲϣйעҶս
֪ҶǿԽսģ˿̶죬͸ˣ֪յĽʲôġ
˵ȻϣܹʤϾź֮ǧ˿Ƶϵ˵źһˡ
ʱһţͲסˣսԸ⿴ģҪ̵ַҶ˺ˣΪѵ˱
ɱ
챩һٶȿ磬һȭҶŻȥҵȭâҫۡ
ҶӹðĻһ£˲ƳףܿȭâͬʱҲȥɢϽɫĹâ·һս
ǿײʼΧ˵һᵽɤۡ
ˣսգһսʯ쾪ĴײܶʿԪʥת۲´ÿһ˿ϸڡ
һ̣ȫ˶ס˺һ˲˲ĶеˣĶԾһ˲䡣

ҶԼ첻ϲЦһ˫˲˱ɫһ㣬ûʮצӰҶҪץȥ
۰ԭҲʵȻôǿ
һĻʿȻǿõ似ʲôԾܹܵɢſµ
Ҿѧǧצ
ʶʿʱг˿õ似ơ
ǰʲôǧצܸռһ𣿡
ڳвʿҵľѧ˽⣬̵
ǧצҲ֮أÿһǿ֮⣬ֻ׿˲ѧѧ֮һ
ƺҲŪһ£Χ˽һ£૵˵ҶСˡ
ǧצʮָٵâÿһжյ
һ
ʱҶҲٱ˫ۼĹâһȭҵâͨ춯ء
йԵ似࣬һһɫȭâ̺ſֲ֮һ赲
䣡
һ죬ˣ·һƬ˸պͻſֲĳǿ֤ơ
Ե֮һֱɢץצâݺݵغϣ񱩵֮˲乥ʥڣ
񱩵֮˲ƻеľֱӽˣʥ̥Ҳһ֮飡
飡
Ŀ֮£챻ҶһȭˣķѣһѪ֮꣬Ѫζ
һȭ
һȭҶ죡
ȫ
⡭ôܣ
ǻþⲻģ
֮࣬ʹ۾ȫǰһУ
Ϊ
ʵ޷ţֻʥ̥ڵҶһȭɱʥ̥۷졣
⡭ȫ߸Ƕ֪


1308 ؼ֮ս
˼飬ֱ̫˼ˣ
ʥ̥۷尡ȻǸҶһȭɱˣ
ҪǣǸҶֻʥ̥ڵʿʵţ

һ̣ԭֳһտˮ˲ڣս˾ѡ
ǿһѪ⣬ǶŸղſһġ
ͬʱǶףһսעҪŨīزʵһʡ
ҶܷɹǿֻУΪδһ棡
⡭
˴ľȫɵˡ
ʱҶʵ޼ԪݵĶţԪŴھߡ
ԪŴǱıչͼлҶΪԼ
ҶʵѾȫ
оһɬ;ԭΪҶܽԼ̫Զû뵽ȻĽ֡
Ⱳӿ¶׷ˣ
ر۾Ҷ֮ĲԽԽˣѾˣ޳ΪҶֵʸ
ಣ
۷׷׵ʱ򣬵һƬѪУһɵĹâٿȻȥ
ǡ
һαˣ춼壬꾹Ȼûթһ١
ֻҪ껹ڣжĻᣬΪᱩ뻹û
֪һ֣
ҶƺԤϣЦһüѿһ죬һɫСԽ˿ռ䣬˲ıԵ׷ɫ꣡
󡭡ң
ⷢŵļƴȥ
ˣ˭ҲȲ㣡
ҶЦһ֮˲佫ˣɢʧˡ
㡭
֮УĿɷɱȻضҶϣȥһƽҶĳࡣ
ʲô֮սѵ뱨ɣûнѧԺ
Ҷţһ޾塣
ãããҵҪܱQʱ
ȻɱŨҲ֪˿̲֣ܳսԺȨ

ϾҲ׵Ժ
Ҳڶеһ͵޷Ტۡ
Ҷ֣ҲˣȼŭĿ⺧
ͬʱӵɫѿ·һֻӬһ˫ۼ
С֣ҵţֻҪܽǿһ취ֽʬΣңӰݡ
ֱӻ߼ҶеλһӴ֣һ˵ǲɳ֮أ
Ҷصս˭Ҳʵ
һɱʥ̥۷죬ҸоЩѡֿ²಻󣡡
ֹ಻ҿʥӺѾ֮ͨ⣬˭Ҳ޷ѹ
ô֮ǰڲԵʱΪʲôûгΪѡأ
⻹򵥣˼Ҫʵؼʱ̲Żᱬ
ǿλÿбˣѡδؾǿ
ͬʱ⼸ˡ
˶ҶղŵıܹһţСУֻѡʸһˡ
ۣȻľʵȻûн֣ȴ֪Ҫһɱ켸ǲܵģҶȴˡ
˵ʲô
˵Ҷʵп֮ϣ
뵽ʳкĪˣȷҶڰеˡ
һ̣ڶԽսҶıʤҡˣ෴оԼпܻⳡӴ˺ͰǿԵ
ûϵȫԸˣĺͰǿԵ뻹һǰʮֻҪǰʮҲнԺѧϰĻˡοԼ
Ҷһȭɱ죬飬óⷢϷԵһĻúܶѺʤ˽п಻û취Ըķ䣬ֻĿԼʯ˱˵
УľֵĶͽ׼֮󼪵ʱ򣬾۱߹ֱ쵽ǰЦе˵īٿƷʯ
һ⻰Ƕͽ˲ɥԼеʯȫóҲٿƷʯ
ûˣȫҵˡǶͽˣڵĳӶˡ
ã
ǵʯݽɫ˰ɣ
ΧһЩͽֻȻҲʧһЩʯû˽ǣ˿վһԿ֡
ɲУ̫֮࣬һĻҴ󷽵ҲͲҪˣɲһٶҺΪѰ۱һΪѵ˵
ĵĶͽԴ·˪һһԲҲ޻˵
ɣȻǾֻܶԲˣдˣԺҵūһٶƷʯҾͲҪˡ
۱˰죬ͻȻһ飬ʱΧӵһء

ĹҲǾĿɿڴֻó䵱ʯ⸶
ˣ²գ
Ҷɱ֮󣬽ıͷƿɳˣȻ൱ңȴû־Ķǵĸоˡ
һֱУݵһŲôͻֵĻ֣Ϊû׵һ
ԭܼ򵥣㱻ҶϵѾ޷ٲμӱˣֻܿȱһλãպֵԾȻ׾ٵĻ֡
漸ıҲû̫ĺ䶯ԡ
һ棬ѡ̫ǿ󣬼ȫսʤ֣ѡ֮Ҳûر𾫲ʵıûҶǰ羳ɱֵγ֣
߳ٴκսʤֵ֣Ļ֣ҶҲͬ˶֡
ʱС飬ѡֺҶһ˶ʤܣûһһʼδһܵġ
ڰ˳Զ޷ٻصˣֵҶĶԾˣΪѾȫսˡ
һսǵСѭһֱҲǾ˭սǿҪһ
ʤߣǿ
ߣ̭֣
˭ܽǿ
Ҷıжڴ
ڴⳡؼ֮ս




1309 ȡʤ
Сһ֣ҶıΪ˴˴ѭĽ֮ս
һ棬Ҷһȭɱʥ̥۷죬Ϊ˴Ľ㡣
һ棬Ҷıǿչ
һ죬Сıɽ˺Ըǿߺ͹ڣһЩûбĲѡ֣ۼ˵Сı⡣
Ҷ飬ϣʤԴȡ
δʼӱųҪȡҶԴ
仰һڽԻȻ
˭Ҳû뵽ӾȻôؼʱ˵ĺݻ
ˣҶ϶ǿˣжϡ
ΪʲôԱߵһʵ
ɵѾͨڵǿˣҶȻԿսܹͬս˶ţƴľǾʵҶľ̫ˣĶ֣ǿ˷
ţȷеԱߵóϷþ˵
ҶǿҲδؾһܹλѡأҶ֮ǰͱ̭ĻǽǿҲûϵ˲˵
ûҶǿҲδػӡֻҪǿܹѧԺˡ
ûпʼֲ²ܶʿڲ²⣬Ҷûлѡʵ᲻ӵв£ѡսԷ
ҶԲǿĻᣡ
˺жϡ
ǿҶ޾һս
֮⣬аǡ
˵ۣƲƲ죬б۾Щһ۱ٴſ˯ȥˡ
Ҷʵǳ˽⣬ʱսὪ񶼱ҶŰҲűο磿
ⳡѾ벻𲻴

һԤʾűʽʼҶһһ
һս˷֮⣬ԺĸԺȻҲˣֻģŵĹƽ
ǰֵı֮ҲϤˣ֪ԷҲһЩֶΣ໥ͬ㱻Զˡ
˫ˣ׼
ɫأ˱ʼ֮ҵĹһʱ׼֡
ϴ㱻¼ԺĸԺһ٣Ūơ
ͬ飬ɲٷڶˣ
Ҷָ֣̣
ϣһأ֪һսܿѭѵһ
ָ̲ҵ໥ѧϰɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮ǰʳзĲ죬ˡ
ৣ
粻ٷϻԻԼʥ̥һ˺ɫĴ죬Ϊֻ֮ʥӲʸʥΪԼʥ̥
ʥ̥ʿԪ۷弫֮ԪתΪʥڵһΪʥĸĶκζ
һ˵޵ıȽ϶࣬ΪֻҪɹԷӳʥ̥һЩ
ҲһЩĸʿԼʥ̥ǵǹꪣ¯޵ȵȡ
Щʥ̥ǰڼûʲôã֮ͨȴǳǿԶʤһʥ̥
ʥ̥ںһֵʥ̥һﵽͨᷢӳֲ˼
ɱ
Ʊǣ·һɱһ㣬һ֣Լʥ̥УҶɱ
Ȼ죬ȻڵʥΪһʥ
Ⱥʶ֮ˣһ۱㿴ʥ̥֮죬ܹΪԼʥ̥ʣΪʥ
Ȼ˵ʥʥʥʵСҲǶǿƶߵһơ
ҶһδʥӮĲ˵ˣǲսһ͸Ӿˡ
ˣ㳡ϼ˶עתƵıԵòôעˡ
ϣ
Ҷйâһ׵ǹУȻԷ˱ôԼҲֿܳȭĸ
ȻֿȭҶҲܽսܣܹһʵԸⱩ¶࣬Ϊ֮ıӼѡ
¶ĵԽ࣬䲻ЧԽҪսʤҲԽѣ
ҶЩѾսʤԼֵѡֿ϶עԼߵıģΪ⽫˭ǰǿ֮һ˭Żڰǿ̭Ϻ
˻ģ
֪Ҷ֣Դ־սΨ֮ƽܱ֤ܲԼ˳װǿ

ɫһչգ沼ص··һƬһҪҶС
ȻҶ֪ڵ쾿кҲԼȥȥһ׵ǹ̳ǹâ
£
Ҷһ׵ǹ죬һǹâס˾죡
䣡
ţ׵ǹݺݵײһ𣬷죬ѣµ·ǲ˸ŻصĿֲ
ֹҶѪҺˣһʢѪһϽӾ졣
ͨ壡
Ҷ·һ޵׶񱩵ԪԴԴϵĽУתΪʥ
⡭
۲ҧԼͷΪԺʦȻ֪ζʲô
ͨȻСͨϾҲһͨҶʥ̥ڱֱͨ
ţ
ҲһһĶʱȥҶѾͨ壬ǾζҶս־ãѽʥĸɾˡ
õȲɱˣһʱȥ˱Ȼ

ͬʱ㳡Ҳˣͨ壬ζҶֻҪܿסĹѾڲ֮ˣ绹ôӮ
һңױûһ˿ģͬСŵĴˣҶȻʥ̥ھʹﵽͨ塣
һ̣ãԼҶȣһͨûʲô
ӵɫʮѿѾͨȻ֪ͨһʿ˵ζʲô
е˼
̫ʥӹ΢΢һЦҶ̫ľϲҶ֪֮ͨⳡѾûɡ
޻ԽԼ͸Ҷˣһŵˡ
ʥüͷ΢΢һ壬ͷƺڳ˼ʲôٴ̧ͷʱĿһƬƽƺʲôҲûзһ
ׯʥӺ;۱Ľ𳤸ȤĿҶı֣֪ջĽ
ֻ𳤸ΪҶ⼸ĽѾһЩ˽⣬źȻ֣Լʵһ㶼˽ҶҶϵʵ̫ˣ
ɱ
Ʋһȣ쵱ǹҶʺȥɫĹâգ
ͬ
Ҷ˿壬׵ǹһɫǹâײһ
䣡
ٴδ
ͬʱҶһ˵۾Ķ
׵ǹ
ǵģ
ؼһսУ˫Ӳƴ֮׵ǹ
Ҫʲô
һ̣˶аԼ
Ҳ⣬֪Ҷ«ʲôҩ
ʲô
ৣ
һ̣յ׽
ҶŲ׷ǲ·˲һ㣬˲һȭӹ̫ͣѨ紦
ʱֻҪҶȭâһ£ɣ
ˣ
ܵҶ˫ȭ̺Ŀֲʥ֮䡣
ûһ̣þô




1310 ϻ
ˣ
ˣѡ䣡
пɬѡ
Ȼ֪ԼҪսʤҶһǳ׵飬ôҲû뵽ܵô졣
෴ֻҪƴһսҶӮԼҲȻҪ൱Ĵۣ
Ȼ
ȴȫԤϣ
ҶԶ׵ǹΪӣעѸײڶֱ֮ӹ
£ƴҲûлˡҶֻҪһȭâ֮أ궼
֮䣬ѡ˱
νɽڲûգɲϡ
ҶɱҲԶʧȥ˽װǿʸ񣬻ᱻֱģҶ
ģ羹Ȼˣѡְ
һƬȻ˾˵Ԥϡ
ǿȻһαʥӣʵԲСӣλʥ٣ҶӦû⡣
ҶܹսʤˣҲû뵽ѹԵƻʤ
ʵû뵽ǸҶСӲɽ¶ˮģȻǸݽɫϵһˣ׵ӵܣҵڶţǻСѡ֣ȡֱ֮ز¶
ҶʵڲǣѾҪɱȻ˸ߵװǿһڰǿ̭ӣô죡
ûôɵ°ɣ̭ҲһһʼӣֻҪڵһ̭ͿˣѾǿԺѧϰǰ϶ˡ
űҲлعھ̾Ҷز¶ͬʱҲΪܲǡ
Ҷ䣬䣬𣡡
۵ͬʱ˷ܵ໴УǸоԼ磬˰ǿ
ܵõҶӣֱңɽȦ죬и̾ѡ
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ĺЩݵʿǣɫǸо޲Ҹطȥ
ҲֹֻڰǿˣЩʥӺͻӲսʤģ
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û޷ǿңǿӵĻɣ
˵Ļõ˾󲿷˵ͬ
ǿǿλѡ֣ʵġ
Ҷܹսʤ磬ȡɵĳɷ֡ⶪ׵ǹעӶﵽĿģ
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ʥӵҲΪҶûнĿܡ
һ棬ҶʱʩչĲٶʵ̫죬Ƕеľ
һ棬ǺЩǿһΪҶδ¶ս
ѡҲˣⳡǷǳпһԽ֮ǰκһΣһЩμӹŴһǿип
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ϰӣ֪Ļ治٣ǲ֪ʲôʱˣҡŴԴ˵
Ͳܶ˵һ𣿡ʻʿĵ׷ʡ
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һʱܹžѾˣٶĻʱıˡ
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ܼ򵥣һʱǽŵĻδڵ·ײӰҲ̫
Ȼ
һƽʢ٣űʱ٣δ·ϣȻսŵѪȫһˡ
Ĵս綯˶⣬һ֤ŷʬ£Ϊϵ·ĵʯһʱı
񣬽һͳôţοб
ЩдľųֵĻδʮһƽʢȻҲӭʢ

ѭҶٴγΪĶ̶֪ȣʥӺˡ
Ҷʳ鴫˳
֪ҶΪǿѧϾȻҲ˺š
СӼֱǸȫŰ
ڵ֪Ҷʫ֮󣬲̾
һУҶ˲⣬ȴû뵽һصĹ⻷ЩĪˡ
˻õ̫ʱڵǲ䣬޳ֲ²;á
ʥֽȻͬͬʱһϳ֣Ҽ˶֪Ҷߵ²Ӳ޳ˡ
һܶζիСȳ׷ױȥһˡ
ҶЦãһһˣھ۱Ĺвš
ѭٰ췽Ϣ죬֮پ̭
۷׷ҶͬʱųһϢ
۱ʥǵıʯڿģ˭ժһеĵƺţΪЦˡ
װǿÿ˶бۣӵ٣ΪѾͨǶȡƺŵԱҲǺߵһ
̫ʥӺʥӣλʥӵʽӸһ㣬ҲǺϣܹߵġ
˵ԤϣׯʥӣҲǾ۱Լʥӽ𳤸Ǿ޻ӣҶ
ǿˣǸ֪Ůȫе˶Ҷ档
Ҷʽλʥӵһ߶ѣ°͵һأ˭Ҳû뵽۱Ȼʣ
Լ׼ѺעΪǲԱѺעҲգ
ϢųһʱҵҶ˵
νһҧʮ¾ϴݱʱͱҶӶ˲ٵʯɲٱӵڶΡ
ôҵʵôͣⲻǸ𣿡ҶЦ
̫ĻʵͣգŹ˵Ĵ۾Це˵
Ҿôģ
Ҷһͷߣ齫ʵͣڵһŵĻһ˭ս
ϻֲǵһˣ
ƲƲ죬ȴǳڴҶܹԽ󾳽磬ӣһٶĻԻ½


1311 ˽ĵı
죬Ҷÿ춼޲ꡣ֮ȭ
Уǵһ㲦֮Ҷĸˡ
ͬʱҲò̾һܹʹ۹Ტ۵ı֮ƿغѾﵽһ˼ĵز
ȻҶڻԶûдﵽ̶ֳȣհǵ˵ǸţžѣСɻԶء
ҶҲ֪ڴһҲ⡣
֮⣬Ҷ֮࣬ὫԼڴȻȥؼɡ
ÿˣؼ䣬Ȼܲɷֵϵ̺ͨ޾ܡ
ҶľѾﵽͨʿܴﵽĵزͨʿǿ
Уÿһݣÿһ˲
ԭϲݣһһ٣
̺֮ʲôܣ
ֻأ
ǰݻǲȥһꣿ
ɽˮ֮䣬Ҷû˿սϲãҲûΪĴսзֺǡ
һ̣֮
ǰں
ˮؼͬʱҲ񱩵
ҶվСϪԣˮиˮڵһģʱᣬÿ񱩵ʱ񱩡
ǰȵˮеʥǺεȵƣ
˵һ΢أ
̶͸ҶջΪḻ
ʱҴҶʱתۼһ磬Ҷųϵͬ
ֻĸΪǰ˽ĵı̭ʤ߽̭
ȻˣʧҲûʲôǵѧԺĸԺˣܹǿҶǸʥӻϴڵʥӣӴǿˣƾʸԺѧϰˡ
Ȼֻʣ˰ǹ㳡ϵȴһҲ٣ˣ˶֤һⳡ
Ҷһֱ㱻ϳˣǶڴı֣ͬʱҲ棬Ķ˭
ѡֳַ飬һ飬ͬʱʼúܶ˸е
Ƿֱʽ
ûһһıܿøĳͬʱǿһҪѡ񲻳ɣ
һ˸߹һˣλԺȶվӶ˵˼ֳĸˣһнУ
һʱʧˣǽζĵȴŷͱĿʼ
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ӵƣҶɫƽֱѡӡ
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̫ʥӺʥǶ֪Ҷ֮ìܣԶҲϰΪˣҪǺƽദĻǲŽ֣
黹ģԺ͵ԺĸԺȡ
գҶ;޻ӷΪһ飬ӵһأ
˶ݵģܹǿѾΪףû뵽Ȼڰ˽ĵıжˡ
޻Ҳоǳ⣬û˵ʲôԼĶ˭ȫԸΪ۹⣬ҲΪԼ⡣
˰ǿнˣȻ֪ʲôܹѧԺóĽ϶̫ˡ
ǿʱ򣬽ӷԣû˲ϣԼɹ޻Ҳ⡣
Ҿ޻ӻЩңûӻλʥǿߣԼƴȫҲδܽǿ
ҶԼкܴϣģϾҶֻʥ̥ڶѣ
ӶׯʥӣʥӶ˷ҵǿˣ̫ʥ˾۱Ľ𳤸
Ҷı˵һʥӶԷǿˣڶ̫ʥӶԽ𳤸
Ҷ;޻ҲڲԶն
ǾģȻҲڰȫ֮⡣
ڰ˽ĵı൱ҪλԺⷢʱԮ

һһʼˣǶʱעϡ
ʥӺͷǿ˫˫λԺ
ˣҲİˣҪĳҪߵģ˫֮ͨ׼ɣԺĸԺһ֣໥˿
һΣҲ˼ӹ̣֧ǿߵȫսԲ˵սὫٵ
ʥӣ壡
ʥһʥ⣬oһ㣬òŮʿա
ң
ǿɴս£һĹߣƫԣвŮѲ²⵽ԱԵøء
Ҷǵһʱоֵֹģ˸һַǳصĸо·׵̶һ
׼˾ͿԿʼˣ
ԺĸԺʼȻƯڿУӦųڵı仯
ʵָֹȷ˫ˡ
𡭡
ԺԺ£һʥԻԼʥ̥һצеĻߣһϵϢƵ
ϣһɼûκһ˼ֻǴ˵еޡ
嶼ûֻһЩƵ˸Ӵš
ʥӵʥ̥Ȼһʱùǰһˡ롢֮ʥ̥ĶǷͬСɵȻд־
ʥΪʥ̥־Сд֮־
ʥԻʥ̥ҵǿ˷ҲԻԼʥ̥ȻһԴΣɢʥϢ
ȻһһͬǷǳǿģʥʤ㲻ߣһս
սҰ
ʥһʥ̥һ㣬ץȥ
粻ֹ
ﵭ˵һ仰ţһнˣۼ죬Ľ·һڴսһ
һʵ̫˾ˣû뵽
λԺͬʱ̾
٣û뵽Ļأ
Զ˵ĸ̾ƲƲ죬СֹСҶóȫսǲŽоޣ


1312 ʥӵʵ
ʥ̥ʿĹһַǳҪľ磬ҲǷǳصһ磡
ͨǻʥ̥֮ϲſģһͨؼ
ܶڱж޷ʥ̥ȫھһصĵط
ʥ̥սֻһֶѣܶ˶ʥ̥ķʽǿԼս
Ȼˣٿʥ̥սͬڶһҲǷǳģʥ̥ʿ˵̫Ҫˣ˵Ǹһ˾Բġ
һʥ̥ôʿ˵Ǽشп˶ԣһʿǾԲʥ̥սġ
ʥӴ߶ʥ̥ķӳһ˿ԣǿޱȣƵ֮䣬쳣
Ҳǳ죬ÿ֦չ֮һһĹâ
ֹâȫˣֻͨܿĹâ޷м便ʲô
ΨиǿߺҶЩȽϽŽʥע˫۲͸ĿĹâ͸еս
̫ǿˣЩʥȫ״սһЩͨʿҲδǵĶ֣
ҵǿ˹Ȼǿ󣬾Ȼܹʥսƽ֣ʤ
һЩǿһʿпһҪˣһʥӶǳǿ󣬿ʥҲԲЩˣôŹһʱֱһѡ
Щһǿ߻޾£еĶǧˣȻ֤һһû䡣
ٴˣûгֹʢĴʥض߳ǿʥӣЩ˱ȻڲõĽҵײ
ȻŴһ߶֪ȫķʢƲǵĿֲ֮
ɱ
ʥʥһ򷨲մ˼oһһȥݲеâ֮⣡
£
ȥɷǳƽûκα仯Ҳ޷͸߿ϵı仯˭Ҳ֪ʲô顣
һͺȣ絶ʥȥʥһɳ쵶Ю֮ʥӵͷ
飡
ӲӲĽһ֣ԵĹâ֮Ŀռ䶼ˣɼһôֲ
ȿȡ
ʥѪȾ½󣬿ȳѪȻѾˣ
ۡ
ҲͬһѪؿһֻǿɫʲô仯
ʥ̥壡
ʱʥҲ֪ԼһУȫԸĻܻܿⳡģ
˲ϣ뵽У
ԣ
ʥ巢˾ҵı仯˫ֱצŽɫƬҲ˲٣˫׹⣡
ͬʱǿҲʥ̥壬ȴûκα仯Ϊȫսº֮£Щ仯ҲԵʡ
ʥ̥壬ζҪзսˣķա
ΪȻ˫ûǩ״ıУһ˵ֻ֣ѧԺڼ鷢ѡ
֮ǰļαѧԺɳǿʱҲ˵¼ԽѧԺԽԺˣ˵鷢
䣡
ܿ죬˱ٴײһ𣬸չֳԼľѧʥӵʥնƥնա
նͬǿײѤĿĹâղϱûƱͲˡ
һĻλԺֱüͷǿײҲҴ⣬»ʲôء
һսһֱ˰ʱ˫ѪԨʥ಻˿ûзֳʤ˼
һʤɣ
ʥӲڵȥˣΪĵƿˣȥĻܹӮ˶֣ĽıҲɡ
⣡
ش
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ʥȷһȭʥ⺬̺ŻԵ
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ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһȭʥ̺ͬȭͷУûм
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˾㵣
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䣡
һ죬˵ȭͷݺݵײһ𣬿񱩵Ϊģܼ䣬գ
ҵĹâۣһЩǰҲڶݵһ˲俴âоʲô
ۡ
һһ߳˹âս¶ˣϵҲϵ³Ѫɼ˲ᡣ
ȿȡ
ʥӽҲ˳ѣ·ҲһһģؤңɫƣһҵĿԼѪĭͿ˫Ѫ
ܾˣ
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ܹѧԺóʥȻǳΪ˱⣬ҲΪ£ЩţλԺ˵ʥ
˷ʥ֮ҵطȥˣ˭ʤǾֻܿλԺô˵ˡ
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λԺľʥص˾㲻Ҳû취ûֻܽʵ
ʥԹʥӽߣΪʥˡ
Ҽͬȥˡ
һĻ˾Ķǡ
һǶʥӼǵʵҲһ֪Щ˶ͬСɣκһʧ
ʥ̫ǿˣʥһûǶ֣ϧͬǿķ
̫ʹڵǿ壬˺üλۡȻûгֹۣȴֹֹһλ׼ۣ൱񡣡
ȻʤˣҲǲʤڼ֮ڶ޷˰ɣ
⵹ûϵ˽ĵı֮󣬿϶Щǻָʱģǲƽˣ
ȻһѾˣ˻Ÿղŵı̸Ľζ
ʥնն൱оԶĴ֮ײ
ɷϣǶĳвʵ
ûⳡĻǶʱǲܴսģûн֮ͨǰǿ˶׺ʥս
ǶⳡƷʵĴеǳ⣬ͬʱڴһıܷ񾫲ʼ
ǸҶȻѾǿˣЩʥӱǲ಻Сǿ
û۱Ĵ˾ʥӼʵҶ
ڴ֮࣬ٴжϣһƬ
̵ξүȺɵ棬ˣ
Щ˵ۣöСҶӣ³ٱʵұ֤ҧ㣡


1313 
ҪʥӺͷ֮ı֮΢Ϣһ£λԺڶʼ
۱Ľ𳤸ʩʩȻһ̫ͬʥӣ˵ЦƺıƵġ
˷ֱλԺ񣬶ߵˡ
֣ҲҪ˷ʱˣһзʤˣӮ³֮󶼺úúȸʹ죡̫ʥ˵
⣡
𳤸Ц
˾Ҫ찡һ
ҶҲݸ̫ˣҪ̭з·޹ؽҪдһ
Ҷܹó˵ȷϧԸֳʤ
ǱվҪһ˱̭ǲпĹעĽ
ʼ
λԺһ龰ҲҪʲô໥ͨˣֱʼ
֣ҲֵģҪСˣ
̫ʥӹɫһ࣬һǿƶȻŷһͷ޾һ㣬ƾˣ
֣֣ܳ
𳤸ҲЦݣһϢɢϳһɱ֮
һ
̫ʥȷһȭ𳤸ȥһɳȭâ˲ѹֻһ߳ѤĿ
ģһ̫ʥز֮أഫһɱУ£ɽơ
һ̫ʥһȺжʱһһЩһʿ̫ʥصһǳϤ̫ʥʩչһȭһµĴһʱ
һȫȫһһȭȥܾ춯أͬкܿסߣ
һȥ̫֮ʥҲûսȻǱ书һۣһзʤˡ
Ҫסһʵ̫ˣ
Ƕڽŵעˣе֪۱ʥӾεֵⳬԽ̫ʥǿһ
𳤸ɫǳأ̫ʥصľһҲжţ֪һǿ֮ǲֵܵпܻʹ䣡
һʱ𳤸˾ϣȻһзʤȻҲ֣Ŀ϶ԼֻܱˮһսʤǸֻܿˡ

𳤸һһȭ߳˾ӰһɲǼ뵽һȭУӭ̫ʥӵľһȥ
ģȻ̫ʱڵľ
пͷˣ
һԾӣϼ
̫ʱڵ似˼䣬ѵ˵Ҫ𣿡
һֶѣ˵ʲô̫ڼǿ似̫ˣżȻһҲΪ棬ֻ˵ǵ̫˶ѣ
𳤸ľһʩչ˵飬ֻڴ˵е似֣úܶвƽ
໺𡭡
һ쳹أһЩΪһЩʿʹȥ˫Ѫɼж
䣡
ţ˵ȭâײһ𣬷һҫ۵ĹâһΪģ˲串
һ˲䣬˼ʧˣǿҵطâҫֱۡ
ΨһЩǿ߲ܿϾʲô¡
λԺ˫ۼʮɵâйעе
ৣ
ৣ
һ̣λԺԼͬĳһһ˾ȳͬʱһӣ񱩵Ρ
ۣ
̫ʥһѪɫɷף˫쾹ȻЦ
ۡ
𳤸ͬһѪֽ촽ţ̫ʥһ֡
һĻĿɿڴ˶˳ˣȻֵó
λԺɷ˵ٽһ£ǸԵ֮ιǷһʥ֮һעڣס޸ľʥ̥ͬʱ߶ʥҩЧ
СһҼõģԺԺп
Χ۵Ҳǳпڱ֮ǰĵӣʵϣǵıΪյģһþпеԮ
Ƚ˵ȶ֮˫˽ԼʥӽӻȥˣλԺȴˡ
˵Ƽһأ˰˹ϵǱѰĲΪ˷ֳʤ
ɱǲпģǶģҲΥֻܷԱ˵ƣ֣Լָٶȵȵȸı֣յʤߣ
ⳡʱ绹磬λԺȴ첱Ӵ֣Ϊ˭ʤ˭֡
ѵĴ̣ջǴһ£𳤸һߣи̫ʥһ㣬ʤ
һ㳡ϼˣǶӦ˫˫ʤǣɷֳʤ˲ˣ׷ѧԺĹƽԡ
ŭѷѧԺλȻҲܺŪңλԺĵĸ˽ͼƵʱһЩϸ⡣
ⷬһЩɵʱʧˡ
λ˽ǵ飬ǷİɣȻ۱Ľ𳤸ʥ˱ۺϿǣΪ֮һٱˡ
ԺĸԺϢʱЩΪ𳤸ƽ˸еܴİοҲͲٿˡ
αһеһͲ˵ˣȻǶڵλܱ֮Ϊһ𣬵Ҫλǿߵġ
˽ĵıֻܹɹʧܵı㱻̭һֵıȥΨһһλá
ڣԺˣ𳤸ٽбֱӽ֮һѾǳˡ
Ҫ֪˰ֻҪûжڣֻ֮һֻһЩѡ
ˣԾɳһʵĶԾ֮Уͬʱ˵ĵȻ
ıϢ㿪ʼ˺
˽ĵҶԾ޻ӣĳӶԾׯʥӣⶼǷǳпıǵǷǳǵġ
ҶⳡһСŵǿӣܹʥƽƽĻӱʤ֪
Ҷǿǳܶ˶ΪҶǽңʵ޷ѡȣҶϵǿմһֲ˰ǿ
Ȼ
ǿ˿ɶǻʵʥӻӣǷǿ˺ӣҲܹʥš
ھϣʵϣЩ˶࣬ҶԽɱС
Ҷʥ̥ڣƾʲôЩ
ܽǿѾǽˣٽһѣѣѣһʿ˵֡
Ҿˣ۱˲ɣȻҲΪϣ֮һȷǿ˵ʻҪֱͣ˼飡
ʱ˾۱̿ĵ飬˭նȡһ顣
ʣȡһĺߵľѾͨӣʥӣҶ
ںܶ˿ҶǴ˺պɱϾֻʥ̥ڵʿʥӣǿȲ̫ˣƾʲôʱ˻ͣ
һ֤ͬ۱ΪθǸҶĵʣһʿ˵
ûʵ˵֤۱󿪳ǶôĲףܶʿţȴҶ;޻ӵⳡ

һȫǣҶ;޻ӵıڴ¿ʼˣ




1314 սӣ
һغҶܷҲغž޵۹˭ʤݵ
һһҵλԺϹȻ󲻵ȷԸֱȥ
Ҷ֪ǿһͬһսվ֮󣬾޻΢Ц˵
һֱ޹ʵ۶˵Ҷš
ܲʶͬһսѹҶ
ңÿһʥӡӶǽģһŴ֮ģƽӱϴ֮·ΪĿĴۣ²
дʱ򶼿Խսԣ޻ӾѹԼΪҶͬһսչʾԼˡͬһս޷ҶĻ̸Խս
޻ӹȻдǣȻҪҶͬһս
־ڴ֮·Ƕѡģ
ھ޻ѡ񣬺ܶ˶úеȻ־ڴ֮·ôҪͬ޵вС
ںԣ޻ӱҶ߳С磬ȻֻС磬ͬŵ˵൱ˡ
ھ޻飬Ҷ΢΢һЦã
ҶȻ΢Ц󣬵ڹ˶ȴ͹һˮһʱըˣ


֪
ܶʿָҶΪʵ̫֪ߵغˣ޻ĺͬһսȻ飬ֱˡ
ٲ£ٲ°һʿҡͷ̾Ϣ
ԣ޻ǺͬһսĻҶһЩϣ˵ܻʤսƽֵĿԻеġ
ҶȻ˵ҪöôԴ󰡣
һʱ䣬Ⱥ鼤ܣҶһ˸߹һˣ
ʵڿˣ˵˼ڱë£һеģ̳ܲģû»ǺúĥһôӳһСĹˣ
Ұǣ
Ҵ˳ȥ
ⷬ˹ߣҲֻǿͷ˵˵ѣûĶ֡
ϣ޻ҡҡͷҲԼϣռ˵ģʲôҲ˵ˣְɣ
˵ţ޻ӻɢâһСһζʧ٣Լľӡʥ̥ڡ
ģķӡԼΪʿ
ǹƽһսڹƽһսսʤ֣ܽ
޻ϻķˣº۰
ͬһսҶҲǶ֣޵۹ĻʵǳԵ޵У
˵ǿյĳɾͣǰһˣ
ҲҺûӣ¾Ͳʧô򵥵ˣ
ҲǿˣѾʸԺѧϰһԺ鷳ˡ
޻ԷΪ˷׷˶Ϊ޻ӷӡԼΪҶҲǶ֡ʵͬй˫Ҷܽӵ£
ΨڣһĪЦݣͷԡ
Ҷ̾˿֪޻ԼϣȻִҪԼͬһսԼҲֻܳˡ
ΣҶûж׵ǹ߱ǹ̫ٸ֮Ļ޻δܵס
ˣ
Ҷͺһһȭǰȭеȭ£һҵɫȭâݺ޻ӵؿڻȥ
٣
޻ͬһȭһȭâצҶȭâӭȥ
˭Ҳûжʥ̥̽һС
䣡
һ죬â䣬񱩵纣Хһϯµ·ֲ
м·һֳҵ̫һ㣬ռ䲻Ȼһֳʤ̽ԵһԾɷǳǿ
ʵ֮ײһǰǿƻˣ
ȻһȴλԺǰһ˵Ĺǳǿп״սʵ
ҶСӹȻǽңڲ¶һЩʵҸұ֤ⲻʵԺĸԺ϶˵
СصúԺĸԺͷ
Ҷһȭȷʸǿ֮ǰչʾʵĻѡ֣ȴûУʵ
һƽɫ˭Ҳûռˣֻ̽ԵĹѣ˱ȻóԼǿʵֳʤġ
ǿߣֻҪһܹƲֵʵԣ̸òٴֻ̽Ҫ֣Ȼʯ쾪Ĵײˡ
Ҷܹ̽ԵĹк;޻ƽɫѾúܶ˴۾ˣʵû뵽ҶȻ˿ֲʵ
ɫȭâо̺Ŀֲֵܹס޻ӵĻʵ
ܶ˶˼⡣
ûд𰸡
ţ
ϣ޻ȴһӸղŵ̽һܵҶȭâ̺ſֲ֮ԲԼĻʵĹҪǿһ֡
֮ϹǿԵ
û֮һ
ڴԼĹʱ򶼽һЩɼ֮жôǿ
ȷǿΪ˵۹ΪԼһҪӮ
޻һ˲Իһһǿϯ޻ԻԼʥ̥

ǱһĴڣȻˣڴ˵֮Уʿʥ̥۳ܹͬԻһЩִ˵е޵
ʵ֮赲ɱ
޻ſһʥһɱȻ񽣣ݺݵҶնȥ
Ȼǻʵ֮޻ӾȻʵ֮Ѿ޳ˣҶСˣ
޻ʹɱĻʵ֮ʱ˾
ʵ֮Ǿ޵۹һɱ֮Իʵ߶ʥһ赲ûʲôܵס
ţ
ҶҲоһɼΣգ˽УԼҲԻᱻ͸

ɲǼ䣬Ҷëէбϵ磬һԭһ˲ƳȥߣϽɫȭͷݺݵڻʵ֮ϣȭͷϰٵ֮
䣡
һ죬â䣬ʵ֮Ҷһȭˣʥ
ಣ
гɹҶͣչ׷ǲһ⣬˲
飡
һ̣
˵עУҶһһɽһײھ޻ϡ
ۡ
޻ӵɶһѪɫ԰ֽ




1315 ǿ
ѧΨ첻ơ
ҶгɹѡٶȡʤһǼײ㽫޻ײ˳ȥ
ˣ
һЩһʿ΢΢ü
Ҷٶ̫ˣͻ˿ռơ
ٶ£޻ӸӦĻᶼûС
޻ӾȻˣ
Ҷһˣթˣ򲻿Ӯ˾޻ӣ
𾪹󣬳۷׷ףܶ˶޷ţ޻ӾȻô̵ʱҶ
ǿ޻ӹ˫ͬһսҶҲԲǶ֣
Ҳüͷһ
ȻΪ޻ӺҶͬһսûʤ㣬Ҳû뵽Ҷʤɡ
λ밲
ԺĸԺվ˫ѹƽȵĴ˵Ķڣƺһħ˼齥ƽϢ
һ̣˵Ŀȫעϡ
޻ӺҶ֮ıǹƽġҺ½Ϲ˵ļ£ܳκ׵Ŀܡ
ԺĸԺ٩٩̸оݣ˵ǵƤӵף˵ҶСʿ
ⷬһ˶ĬˣǾ޵۹ˣоǳ˸һܵҪȴһ仰Ҳ˵
һ˿Ĺâɱⲻ
Ҷٶȣ̹ˡҶܹߣƾľٶȣ
Ҷٶ죬ɱͬؿռޣٶȵƶյĽӰ첻̫
Ѿ̫ʥӺͷˣɫء
ǶԣȫȻĻҶҪ֮ͬսĻһնûУ
ҰˣףߵøԶ
޻ӳ̾һ˫۾ؿҶЦ
ΪһӣԼϺȡ
Ȼͬһս޷սʤҶֱ䣬ܵʵ
޻ʵ̫дˣúҶͬһսʿҡͷ̾ϢΪ޻Ӹеֵ
޻ӡԼΪĻҶͲ˵˾޻ӣ˵ȡʤˡ
û޻ӵʵ϶Ҷ֮ϣֻϧ̫ˣ
۵õ˺ܶ˵ͬһΪ޻ѹԼΪŵʧܵģҶûаᣡ
Ƕʲô
һʿһ
˼Ҷ˵ǲ޻ûзӡԼΪĻҶսʤһʿʵ
ĳ治
ʿֱӽͷŤһԣø˵ʿһӻң
˼ңѵм仹ʲô𣿡һصʿϹϾ̡
޵֪Ҳ֮ҲգҾ͸˵˵
ʿɨЩһۣ˵޻д֮־ģۣ֮һͬ޵У˵ͬսǿԽһС磬նɱ֣޻ϴ֮·ȻҶͬһս֤Լʸϴ֮·ĳЩˣֻ֪ԴСǿ
˵ţ˵Ŀ֮ǰ˵ʿɨһ£ʱͨ죬һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
Ҷɹǿ޻ܣ̭ˡ
޻ӵҲѾѧԺĸԺУһŹǰ;ţԺУܷŹ
ԺԺѧԺκʥغ֮ķбһЩ˾ҲŲʡ
ԵӮʿأҲԺ֣
ܹԺ˴ΪΪʥӺϴڣȵ˳׿˲ţҪǣǲ˼κڰҵƽΪ壬Ϊİ˲ĥĹס
Ϣ֮󣬰˽ĵıһʼӺׯʥѾ׼
ûеǳ˱˴˼ĿѾײ˻𻨣⽫һľʱ
ʣӵʤһЩϾвѡΨһһͻƵͨǿߣӵĳصͨ
νͨһ˵ؼֻԪصԪӶؼԽ
ׯʥͬСȻûͻƵͨѰֻ̤ͨʱпͻƣ
ǰڴ壬һţıԪԪԽŨٶȾԽ졣
ﵽԪ֮ʯñ͹˳ؼԪѾ֧Ǽٵôʯ˼ӿĲ޷ıƷ
ʿ֪ʯĶѣֱӹϵһٶȣгʯʿܹϵΪԪѷǡ
ׯΪʯļɢأȱľʯׯʥȻҲȱʯá
磬ʯ˵ӲͨһЩ޼͹֮⣬ûʯ򲻵Ķ
ԣׯʥʥӸƣ˭Ҳ֪Ǿжǿ
ҶЩ֮󣬲ɵøпͬˣׯʥӴӲΪʯ鷢ԼȴʱʱҪΪȱʯգ࣬ûȡ
гʯԼĻҶãԼ̵ʱںЩνʥƽ硣
֮ͬҶ޾κˣ¶Էǵ崫ˡʥʥӣ




1316 ھ
ڴ˽ıһӶׯʥӵıʼ
ϣһ£ƮƮɣԵøƽ·ʤȯһ
ׯʥͬǳȣû¶˿ĲƺԼı˿ûзϡ
ֳȵ۷˹ˣһЩһʿҲͷޡ
˫ͨ׼
ԺĸԺɨһۣ˵
ңӣ
ׯ裡
ֱʱҶ֪ׯʥӽ裬֮ǰһֱ֪ʲô֡
˫֮ͨ󣬱ʽʼվԭأûȳֵ˼һ߸ϵӡ

һҲΪ⣬̽Եĳֹһ£һȭâƳգӻȥ
֮飬ҲŹ⻪
һӣһ⼤˲佫ȭâˣͬʱؿڼȥ
ߣ
һ˫ۼâײӻӳ⣬ֹâ˲ˣмһĺڶ
Ҳˣ
Цһ˫˲һԻצһͻɽʮָһĹâȫѨֹȥ
ͣ
ָâƿ̶֮ʾǿƺһɽҲץһ

ӵɫűҲضѣû˿־壬ٴλ֣һɫľ޴ƿٳͣݺݵȥһɽѹƾ˴
Ʋ񷣡
ʱһֻԼİɫͻһ˫צֱӽɫ˺ɷ顣
ݵĽ֣˫ǿĹ֮ǰѭƵȻͬҲչʾԼʵ
ͬʥӣȻžʤһ˿Ҵ⣬Ϊͬǳǿ
˫һ˲໥ʮУûзԹأǿǿþʷ׳ʡ
һ貶ĿĹâҫŹս˵۾һװײ˶ը졣
Ҷ˫̣ĶϵһУ޻Ҳڹעϵˡ
ӹȻǿ󣬲ϣڵѡ磡
һ޻ӱ̾һ޾į
ҶһսУȻˣȻɡ
˿̣Ӻ֮ı֪Լ֮жĲ࣡
Ȼͬʥ̥۷壬޻ӾãԼչֳʵǿĹδսʤ裬սʤͨˡ
ԼܹսʤҶڰУԼ϶ǻģֽþ޻Ӹеһɥ
Ͼĳڶ֮ȥǴҫһ𡯣Ϊ֮·¼ᶨĻ
ǿ
ھ޻ӱܴͬʱһЩչ߱һ󾪺
һЩһǿɫأ
ıӺ˵ʵˡ
Ȼһʥ̥۷壬һͨڣǾã¾ͨڵһʿҲսʤ
ɱ
һʥ˲ȼսһȭرɫѪʢһ㣬ȭգһ赲
ڣҲ֪չֳǿսԲսʤӣֱȼʥ
ߣ
һſ³һӵңֲһӽȭâˡ
ţЮݺݵؿײȥ
ʥչͨ
ͺһһתֱӽӵжһԣȻϣȴûи˿˺
ǡ
ͻƣ
ҪͻƵͨ𣿡
һĻúܶΪ֮𾪣ȻܹͻƵͨһֱѹԼľ硣
ڣʥ֮Ĳ࣬òͻˣʤ㣡
䣡
һǿƴϱʥΪ֮һգ漴ٴαѾת
쵶
ɹͻƵ֮ͨ˲ʹԼͨ˫գһ˸ĳУݺݵնȥ
أ
˸ĳգͻƿռ˲ͷ
ľӡ
һȣһɢɹԵıӡУݺݵ쵶ȥ
䣡
һ죬ѣϸ·һбѵΣա
ľӡ쵶ʧڿУһ˭Ҳûռˡ
ԣӶͨձ΢һЩӦҲһߣ̱ٴһӡ
ৣ
ӡգɢǿϢӡ··˸ֱӱСɽСݺݵȥ
ͨ𣿡
ҶעϵˣһԼͨһЩܡ
Сӣ㲻᲻֪ʲôͨɣбҶһۡ
һȥ
ҶۣиȻѾͨҲӵ֮ͨǰЩͨʿ޳ɵͨЩͬ
ͨ䱾ʶһģֻҪ׼ʣʥͨһ
ҶһȫעعעǰиԼոյõ
Ӻ˸չͨݱʱ
ţ
ӷǳ𾪣ԼƵȴʱ޷սʤ֣ʮ㣬һ㣬ݽߣ
ⲻ֪𾪣ԭΪԼͻܹ֮ͨƣɷض๥ȥʱһܵĿ϶Լ
𡭡
սһչֳԼǿ似һȭأ񱩵˲佫ˡ
һݣ֪ƴˣֻҪԼܽһУֻһ;ˡ
ҺׯûκζԹҲǲԣҲɱ֣򼴱Ӯ˱ҲἤŭׯӴ
ৣ
ؼʱ̣ͻȻһʲôƷ֣˸ԣ档
䣡
һ죬ҡضԶԾвʵµʿֱιȥˣͨ˸һƬ·ֽһ㡣
âʧɫ԰ףھѪԵ쳣ɲĹҲʧˡ
ôӽһûܣֱӻ˵ϣһգȻˣʱڿ϶޷ָ
ৣ
һĻѸóһֻƿĶȫȥɫתһЩλԺ֣˵һվˣȴű
ʱҲҲ
λԺŻԵص裬ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǿ費ӣɱӦû⡣
ݣҴˣʤ
ԺĸԺͬʱһεİպУвѡֶлָ׼ʱ䡣
˽ĵıʽĻӰķ粨ȴԶԶûʧ
ڽУǼ̸ĳз
ҶǱ̸۵ˡ
ҶΪǱαĺ
ӣΪǹھߣ
Ҷӣذܣ
ǿ϶ģҶ֪ߵغӽ֮սԻ䣡
ʱ۵ǣ




1317 
ҶΪŴĺһͬΪĶٴαƵ˷˿ڡ
һУҶһҲ⡣
ڹȥҶһҲû߳ʯڣһֱھıչأ䣬˼ʥͨķ
죬Ҳûһ߳ڣαǺܴĴ̫һ˶ջһֱڱչأеһЩ
˵˵һʵɱ䣬ܹԸݵǽд裬һջ
ʱһζһ磬Ҷ߳Լķ䣬˾·ͨһźɽ
ǶܾҶı仯ȻûʲôԵͻƣȴһֲͬĸоƺҶѾһ̥ǰı仯һ
ϣϡ
Ҷ΢Ц˴кɵ·ԼĲпһҲûзһ
߰ɣ
ɽʲôҲû˵ֱӴҶȥ
ȻҶһ˲ɺ;۱˶ȥˣҪ֤һҪıͬʱΪҶʹ
һ磬㳡ϱɽ˺Ըݸʿ׷׸һЩͨС̷
һۿȥ㳡ȫǺѹѹԴ
ǰȻֻ϶καӾʣǶڴţ˭ܹɱ
ӵĺߵģ
һУׯʥͻƣջǰӵ
Ѿѹͬʿķˡ
õȻҶľʵ̫ˡ
ںܶ˿˽ĵıУǾ޻ִҪҶͬһսĻӮˣҲɱǰȥ
Ⱥ⣬һӵ˺˶ԶΪÿһ·
ȻӺᣬȴѾһߵķ緶ܶ߹ʱ򶼸оһεѹ
ţǶЩʣڲõĽǿ϶һսǿĶÿ˶Ըġ
ʱҶҲˣźԶĿͺײˣǿҵɱ⣬Χ˸о¶轵
ԾģҲΪҶóһͨеȴ
˶ڴⳡҶ᲻ײϡ
һײϣǽһҵսһ̵ķʽҶĻɱġ
٣
ɱЦһȻȥҶǸо·Ҷǰϵ⣬׸
ע̫ʥӺͷϡ
һȻֻһͷΣκһ˵ⶼϵʾԼһеʵ͵λ
ӵĹķǳأȻҶɱ֮ɱ֮ޣҲΪɱҶʹԼʧȥȶһĻᡣ
ȻȥҶˣȴһĿѣ۾м
ݷҲӵһս£Źߵķ˺
һȫָˣһҲûܹ˵ļԵøء
ʥͬҺܶǿ߶ˣйעⳡȻΪǰ϶ˣǻҪȡһ£﾿߶Զ
ڷﵽ֮󣬽̫ʥصҲ̫ʥӹһ߽˺
ҶĻ˭ھҶԶĵطһʿúܴʵ
У˭֪ȡģһ̣˭Ҳ˵ã
ǣʻûܻش㣡
ʿһӻңεıˣһ⣬ôţûȤ
ҶݸһЦκεطЩ֮ͽԼûϵȴֵĸġ
ˣ˵ǹŵȳ˵ûҳ͵ġ

һλԺ͵Ź㳡ɽ˺׳۾صͷ
Ҫ˿֣Խ࣬Խ壬һ˶ûлȸʲô
˵˼䳡滰֮λԺ̿ʼ飬ֻƽȵģͬץȷ˭˭һ顣
ܿ죬Ϣˣǿ˷ӣ̫ʥӹ껶Ҷ
һ̫ʥӺҶ֮ıǵʱȼˣ׷ײ²Ҷܹ̫ʥӵ֧Ŷá
ģһеһʱ䣬Ѻע֤һԼĲ²ɣ
ûʼ˿ˣǸ۱ȥ
Ϊǰ죬˽ĵı֮㽫Ҷʵӵĳ̶ȣ̫ʥӻҪͣ˴۾
ĵһȥǳʿߺԼĹء
ϿҲҶΪҶ֧һʱϡ
ٺ٣Сҵùأ
һתͯ糿ߣ˵ȥ򣬾ҶСӮұ׬ȥ𣿡
ɻĿ˰һۣЩ⶯⻰԰֮ڣȴԥˡ
ʱ䣬ͰǴûȣ֪һ˵ףһˣԼ޶ûضȥ
ȥ
ԥʱͯ糿ѾվһǼˡ
СӣûϢչһµģСѾͷռˣȥüϽȥɣǲؿͯ糿һۣߴȥѺע
ãҾһΣҪǿңͷû꣡һ˵һͯ糿׷ȥ
Уûꣿù˵仰ɣ
ƲƲ죬һβԼҧضû취ñ£
ܿ죬ͯ糿ʿǰʵѺҶӮǶ٣
ʲôѺӮ
ʯ̫ûض˰ɣ
С嶯ʯˮﻹأѺҶӮ춼С
һ˵ҪѺҶӮΧ˶ʱˣȰͯ糿ǣҪ嶯
СҪѺҶӮ
˺ɵĿͯ糿һۣȷϵ
û˵Ƕٰɣͯ糿ޱ˵
һʮ
һҧҶʤʡ

ͯ糿һ֣ӿռеϰٽʯƷʲӣȫϼƷʯĻʮңѾǳˡ
ЩҵĶעɼƷʯĻʮһӣҾ͵ʮȫѺҶʤ
ͯ糿˵ն


1318 зʤ

ͯ糿նĻóʯΧ˶һ㵡
ˣɵǧ𣡡
㵹󣬺ܿϳͯ糿ݡ
ѵҶĻʲôɱﵲɣ
ͯ糿ݱ¶ӿֳһɻ
Ҷ̫ʥӹ֮ǰıǶˣ˫չֳʵҶʤ㡣
һ£ͯ糿ȴȫѺҶϣ֮ҲЩɻ
ҶɱﵣҲ̫ʥӵĶ֣
ɻ˷׷жϡ
ǿ۱ʥնһУ̫ʥӡҶܱȽ𳤸ǿ
ϾǾ۱ĸ𳤸Ǿ۱ʥӣ
̫ʥӡ
̫䴫һӴʥ߳ǿˣעΪʥصʥģҶƾʲôսʤ
ҲѺҶʤ
ΧЩжϵͬʱҲ߹ǳֻѺһļƷʯ
ҲļҵˣǰЩǸթˣڣһＫƷʯ͵͵ġ
ˣǷˣôôʯûˣ˻ȻѺע
ΧΧ۵һƬȻͯ糿ѺҶʤ⣬Ͼͬһŵģû׼˻һЩ˲֪Ĺ£ǰһѺҶʤе㲻˼ˡ
ˣҲɵģͿԽͣΪʲô֧Ҷˣ
ܿ죬ҲϳˣⲢʲôܣȻûкҶһУͬݳˣȻᱻ˹ע
ͬһţ֪ҶذܣҲΪʹ֮顣
ǼʿֵͶϲ£ˡû뵽ԩͷԼʯ
û׼ҶĻӮ˱أһŮʿ״̲ס˵
˻ʿһ׷ʵ
ǻǲǵã֮ǰıбģԼȥˣӮǸ˱ǶҶܹʤ
ŮʿûǼʿ˵
ûҼǵõȷһΡ
ǼһˣʱҾԱߣ
˵ӮǾ۱ģ֪١
⻰һܶʿ׷׻Ȼ򣬲뵽֮У֮ǰǸùġ¼
Ҳɣ֮ǰǳ̫ѣҶܹӮҲ޿ɺǣԵĿʥӼǿߣǻʵ̫ʥӣ֮ǰıбչֳ˲׵ΪҶܻʤ
Ȼ̫ʥӺͽ𳤸֮һзֳʤԣ˶㾡ȫˡ
һ߶֪ȫ̫ʥǿһܴƲʵʥоŵǰС
λڴѾõİǽйƽԭΪҷ׳ʾ׵ıϻ˵λѡֵǳ
ԺĸԺ½Ϲһ㽫ӵѹȥƽƽȵĴÿһ䡣
½ϹֵĻ̱ͣעȫϡ
Ҷ̫ʥһһλԺϹòز١
λĿ壬˵ʵ治ǷֳʤǱ޵һ޵ڶʤǱҪֳģǸ׼໥ͬ׼ɣ
ԺϹЦеĿˣҶϿʢѪݷһͷһ㣬һǳֲ
̫ͬʥҲǳǿھϸ߳ҶС磬ҶҪսʤַǳѡ
֣ûбҪͨ˰ɣҶվ΢Ц̫ʥӹ˵
ȻϽһһʤأǸƾֶηֳʤ
껹ЦҶΪȻһѣȴѾٲȻˡ
ǾжʤɣΣ
ҶΪһзʤʵƽпΪʧ˽Ļᡣ
ãܷӳԼʵźͬʱҲ˺
⣬Ͻһα֮ʤǶҪʹһΣʱɲ׼̫ʥΪ˺ˬСڣûȱ㶨ľϯ
ã
ҶЦŴӦ
ٺ١
̫ʥЦҶӣ֪ı£ҿɲͬһսҵŰˡ⣬¹ŵҲֵģҪСˣ
ֿ˿ãִͽ̣ҶЦŵͷ
һ֣ĵҶӣͲˣôҵľҲߣӦȳֲŶԣҾȳ֣
ȻˣǾ͹ˣ֣Сˣ
Ҷɫһ࣬Ц⣬һһǿƱ
һ˲䣬Ҷ·˸һڷɢϽɫâ˳İ·ӵսһ㡣
ৣ
âһ׵ǹУҶǹңָ죬ɣ
ƽ£
Ҷһȣ׵ǹֳһһǹâ껴ȥ
úã
˫⣬һȣжһݺݵǹâȥ
䣡
һ죬ǹâ׼ȷҵӣҶӲƴһУ
âţռ˵ʥֱӽմˣһֲĺڶڶ֮Уûκƻ
һƽɫ˭ҲûռˣѾó𾪵Ըˡ
֮ǰǺܶ˶ΪҶһжӲû뵽һײ˾Ȼƽ֣ЩΪҶ̫ʥӶֵʿǾһ
⡭ôܣ
һ̣˶һξĸо۾ȫ




1319 ȫһս
ȻԺܶ˵һǧһţҶ޷ֵ̫ʥӹ껵ȫһʵʵΪκ˵־ı䡣
һҶ͹˲ʤ
ˣ
һ󣬹껲ǫãһʥ̥֣Ȼһͷɫ룬һɫ֮Уȥ쳣
򣡡
һȣһȭҵȭâһֻצݺҶǰץȥ
ûҶ֪һ̺ŶôֲһУԼҲܲˣ
ȭ£
Σʱ̣Ҷ̴һǰȭɱУҵȭâһȭͷݺ˹ȥ
ͷҶ붯ȭΪڣֻҪԼȭȻᱻϳ
壬֮۷壬˿ԺλҪԭд۴
ȭ֮һҲ֮أδϱҲûʸѧ
ûʸѧȫʶȭ֪ȷǳߣһҷԼȭȻɱԼڡ
κһ嶼ϣԼؼй尲ǿĸ
䣡
˵ȭͷײһҶһˣ·Ȼը¶ͭɫļһ֮·Сһߡ
껻ĿԲоһɰԵ֮ʥӿæתʥ
飡
̫ʥɫһ䣬һŻ׶ĵʥѪڣòǿѹ
ʲô̫ʥӾȻһҶôǿ𣿡
˼飬Ȼ̫ܽʥˣҶѵǴתɣ
̫˰ɣȻûչֳԼʥ̥̫ɲˣ
һĻһƬȻ׷Ҷıָе𾪣
Ҫ֪̫ʥһоԶӴʥصǿˣδʥȻҶһֱ˼顣
޷ܵǣҶʥ̥ڣʥ̥۷壬һûչʥ̥ôӵǿս
ǣ껸𾪣Ȼ֪Ҷп״սʵû뵽ȻôǿԼѵֵ
ߴֻҪܽӵ£ұ䣡
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ϣ
Ҷйâһ׵ǹٴγ֣ȻҪһʤҲҴ⣬Ψ߱ǹӦԣ
ৣ
һٴγڹУһ˲÷ݴС§ͷǶҶȥ
ٻ죡
Ҷһȣ߱ǹʩչǹǹߴ۷Ծ
ﬣ
Ҷһǹ漴ɾ֮жһߣͦǹ
һ㣬ݺҶȥ˵ײĿĹâľ졣
⣬˶ȻͿϾʲô˿Ӱǹ顣
飡
ҶУֱӻɳȥһ·Ѫ㱻ˣɼʵжǿ
ͬʱҶҲһǹɨ˹껵ĺ󱳣ɨɳȥѼǶˡ
ۡ
~
ſһѪڷǿҵĹâҫۣƱǡ
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Ҷͷͬʱܶ˶Ӧ˹껵Ϣڲʱʲô۷׷ס
ЩۣҶҴ⣬ҲϥڵϣȫתһѨеӰ˲ʵˡ
䣡
һӴϢҶɢһѪֱʣڣ·һͷˣ˵ƻҶ˫ۣмϵâ
ҶҲͻʥ̥ڣ
찡ֻͻһС磬ô٣
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ΪԵʣҶÿһͻƣп٣
һΣڼһɲʧˡ
⴦ƺڲͬطͻƾȻ١
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ݰ˵ǹ֮ն𿰱ȴ۵Ļĵطдٲͻ߾ʱп١
𡭡
ʱ̫ʥӳɹͨɢſµϢ

һȣ˫գһɫĻ浶Уҵĸ£ձˡ
ϻ𣿡
浶ؼĻԪͨ
Ϊʥ̥ؼĻԪ̫ͨʥӹȻǿҪλ𣿡
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ʥ̥ͨ
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ڹͻ֮ͨ˶ΪҶɣûκˣ۵ǳ
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ڣҲҶˣ֮ǰҶܹ͹ƽɫԼѣɴ˿̿ͻƵͨȫûˡ
СӣеĺòãӮŹأ
ڵ˵ô˵ҶСҲֵܣ˶ʲôô
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ͬһʱ䣬ҶͻȻֽȻ෴Ϣһֹʥoһȴħʮ㣬˿񱩵ɱ¾Ϣ
䣡
ҶΧ˻һͷͷȱȫʿһվࡣ
ҶҲ౻ͷ­ֻʣһĹʥϢħϢͬƵ
⡭
һĻˣλԺЩǿߣ
ΪѧԺĸԺ͸ƶߣǼʶ̫ˣɴûмĳ
ڵʿѾϲǳħԵ﾿ʲôˣȴ֪ġ
ڿҶ߾ȻĻӰһ̣˲㾪ⳡ̫ˣ
СһϾʲôܣô˻Ӱ֣
һ̣λԺЩǿߣгɻ
գ
ҲˣβŷӦһҶȥţʲôûãԼȫһ£жġ
䣡
Ҷһȭӭȥɫȭâһɽľ޴ȭͷնһȭ˻浶
飡
Ʋ˥ɫȭͷֱӽ껺˵£ƶ˲٣
ɫȭͷʧϳһ޴ӡ
껱˿ӵףѣ޷ش




1320 

ֳһļž
˶ͻһĻˣ
˭Ҳû뵽̫ʥͻ֮ͨԾɰܸҶҰ֮ܵң
ǹһһЩ˶ΪԼ˻þ
þô
ৣ
ԺĸԺһӣץ껣Ѹټһ껵ƣֹ껵أ֮ǣֻǻ˹ȥ
λԺҶʱˣ
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ݶƿʵھˣ
һʱ䣬λʶŵĸԺЩ͸Ҷˡ
Ƕˣοˣ
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һ̣ǳĹڣǲμӱţЩڿеĸƶߣ׷׽ĿۼҶϣԼͬӿֳһɻ
Ҷϲ㣡
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģ껺ܿ˹Ǿ޴ӣи⸴ӣһʧ䣬ǱҶʵˡ
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ҶɱĻҲҪˣڲ֮ǣ㹰Ҷأ
ҶѣֳãҶ΢΢һЦһǫѷ
Ҷʤ̫ʥӹսܣ
ԺԺ˱
ʵ˭ʤ˭һĿȻ
Ȼˣ󲿷Ȼûлع񣬱Ҷ֮ǰչֳʯ쾪һ𾪵Ըӣ
һͨʿȼʥ֮ôֵܻѵڤڤ֮ʲôɣ
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ͯ糿ҲǴã֮ǰҶʤʱȫڶҶκ֧֣뵽Ҷǿƻ̫ʥصʥӣɹ
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ʿڵĳӶˣ֪ԼǵĶעںˣһԼƶϴ˲㣬Ҫǩһƨɵծ
˵ҲеʿιԼҲһϴڵĵӣӻеġ
үү̵ĽһȦչһһʮＫƷʯ˶ծ뿪ˡ
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һѼƷʯˮˣֱÿռֵͶϲ£ˡ
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ͯ糿Ϊôʯնʱһׯĵ߹
鷳ׯˣǾ۱һԴʯ
ʱ߹һӣֱӽϵʯˡ
ͯ糿ϸ˵ҲǾ۱ˣȻԸͯ糿ʯ浽ׯȥˡ

Գ棬ׯĵ죬Ҳû˵ʲô㬵Ļȥˡ
һҶ䲻ʤ䶨ķ粨ȴԶԶûƽϢܶԸʿš
Ҷȼʥ֮󣬸˺ܶһʿĹע
ֻ֪ҶǳħԵô£Ҳӹģٴν˼䡣
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ȥصĴۣҲĪӲеֻƬЩظˡ
ΨһһصĽرɽĵشʥء
ʿ֪ģǺϵĪʿǿ󵽼Ĳʸȥ
ǲ²⣬ʷϼκڰң︴пܾǴ⼸߳ġ
⣬ҶҲܹģڻ֮Ͻһ£ϵƲ⣬Ҷȼʥ֮֮Գ󣬺пսżĽմȾħϢɵġ
һ̫ս̫ͳħԵս̫ˣγħԹҶմȾϢ֮бħϢ
ȼʥ֮ϢͷŴγν
һֽˣ
ҶҲͬ˵޷ͷԼϵ
ϣνڰңʲô
õ֮Ҷʳеɻ
СӣЩڵԹעģŬɣΪ۵ʱȥעɣ
ڰҵϣ˵֮¶ļɻ䣡




1321 뿪
Ҷ֣ʳһС磬ǲ鰡
˾Ҷ롣
л˾ֵ⣬ʱһȥ߶ţ
ҶЦӦ֪˾Լһģ϶ʲô¡
ҲһҪ˾תͷ̫ʥ˵
ǿ϶ģҶȥˣܲȥ
̫ʥˬʵشЦ˿ûΪˡ
˾ռǴϵļ֮һȻҶнֱ˼飡
һЩû˵Ҷʳʿ˾ǣʱˣҪ֪˾ڶĵλһҲ̫ʥĵλ߿˵ƽƽġ
һ£˾Ҷгžɡ
Ȼ
ȻҶ˱뿪ˡ
ıҶʤĻǵڶ
ΪһŵӶԾǿ˷һڴľʶԾ
ʤ߽Ҷһ£
ıʼӺͷ̵һ
һҵսԸΪۣսʤ˷ķɹ
һսҲļѣΪҲͻˣ絶ͨӱ絶ϡ
⣬ͷһͻƱ絶ɱǿִɱУɱһֲ
ͨ˼壬ʥ̥֮ϸһؼĳԪص֮ʮֲֿ
֮䣬ԪأΪľˮ⻹һЩƫŵԪأ硢ס⡢ЩƫһЩԪȴҲǳǿ
ıǷԪصÿӵľԪνľ֣ش֮
Ȼ
ʵʵڿֲԪԱ˵£ȻչֳǿսӮⳡؼԵı
ⳡνһۣһʼչֳǿʵѹƷڷͻ֮չ˷ķһֲ
ȼ£սһɣǿսܡ
ֳʵȻ˸еǳޡ
Ͼ֮ǰѾͻͨͻƣ֮ŲСĲܹ࣬ӻѾǳѵˡ
ˣԲӺҶʤɱȥĹھҲһеλá
λԺԾɸʱϢͻָʵϾˣҶʥĵҲأʱ޷ӳս
ҶҪҪǷ
صʯڵĹ֮Уɽ˱ҵҶȰ˵ΪԾʵ̫Σˡ
ʣӱȻҶսһǩ״κ˲øűλԺҲֻǵۿš
ҶǱޣȻʣʱˣʵ̫ϧ
λϣǷİɣԲðյģӺ֮ĶԹҲһ˽ˣ
Ҷ˵Լ㣬ңѾɱ˾ʱĻǻôźݣΪŵΪݵһսұҪ򣬶ұҪӮ
ľˣ
ŵǵĿҶһۣ˵Ȼⳡغ˵Ҳغźݵ̫ǿˣжٰսʤ
ûգҲҪƴһ£ѡӱܵĻҵΪܾܿʹͣͲǰǸϣұҪҶ̹ȻϣԼӣûбʤİա
˵ϰӣͱȰˣҶСӺôҲǵõ׵ǹϿɣ²ˣǿ˵бսʱ򣿡һ˵
⡭
˶סˣ
˵ûһˣδйսʱԶǿĶ֣Ӧսսֻܻ߻ɱһ·ŵ˵ʬǰֻһţ
ðɣȻֻ֣һҪ󣬻뿪ɽһص˵
Ҷ磬ҲҪ˵Ļţͯ糿Ҳ߹ӵ˵
Ǹʲô·Ҷӱһ
ż̫һ˹߹ЦҶ˵Ҷӣ㣬ԿһȭǿӺɱ

ҶЦá
Ҷҽƥٲϴ˸裬һ·ǡ̫һͯ糿һ±ʯڣʳȥ
Ȼ˾ƲûǣһܾģϾǺҶһġ
ʳſڣҶ̫ʥӹ껣һĻˣ£ɢǿϢһǺ̫ʥһľţ




1322 ȫ
Ҷ֣Ϊܣ
껷ǳӭָһµʿλϴڣڵʥһλ׽
Ҷ֣ˣ
ڵһǳЦҶ֡
ֿˣ
Ҷֻ漴ҲܸЩˡ
λǱľŴ󺷷֮һĺӣкˣͽ˾ͺˣ껽Žܡ
һܲص
Ц˹һƣҶ˵Ҷ֣˵ͬˣڱ˵ĴҵļʯˣɵƯ

Ҷһͷߣͬʱȥ䡣
ʢʯҲͼСʯѣҲ⡣
̫ʥӴʥأڱԼʯ󣬷޷֧һӴڲġ
ʯҰԶϲùСӽܣԼˣ
ڴʱһƤͷɢһ¡׳˵
Ұ˾Ұˣһض껲һ䡣
ٸ˵ҰˣŲŰһ㣿ʯҰһҲӣ˻еʯв
ˣ治֪Ժôģû洳ɣ껺ߺߵ
ԺŵͷһƴˣԼȥģզأʯҰб˹һۣƵ˵
ҲУ
ҶĿɿڴʯҰҰˣΪǿ󡪡ܹѧԺŵҲȻǸеĸ֣ʯҰһƳɶԷ˵ܶණ
Ҷ֣֪Ժ͵ԺͬԺǴѧϰĴǵʥصʥӣԺŶ¼ֻҪʵԱ¼ȡûʲôŵ֮һҶ͵
ԭ
ҶȻˣԺǿӹɵġǿˣһ֮
ʥصʥȻҲܹ˲ţԺȷж֮
ԺҲǳǿܹ͵Ժͥ˵ԺĲԺȡĲһֻҪʵԽѧԺ졣
ȻˣȱˣʮͲٽԺˣĹ涨κ˶⡣
˺һһʳȥ˾ͰҶ˿ɾֱĴѡŮǰ·
طұĲë֮ǿˣɾһʳ˲ɵ̾
ҲûôƯӣʯҰ麩ֱʲô˵ʲôŪü·Ůһβѡ
Զֺ
һקģ˾ӭ˳һѡ
λ÷ľλҪĸҰš˾Ʒǳˬ˵㾰
˵ĴжҶֵʫܷȹһȻٶһЦ˵
ȫû⣬λ˾ǰ·һȥ
֮Ҷŷ֣֮ǰĿյϣ˾ưһɽʫԿڼɽ֮ϣƮݣɡ
ȻǺʫ԰ãҶ֮ţ·ǳһڹۿҶʫ֮󣬲ɵû̾
ΪһʥӣʵҪǿ黭Ҫ˽УҲΪ˽⣬һʫ⾳
ôû
˶˰죬ҲûʫɵתҰʯҰʵʯ㿴𣿡
ⲻϻ㶼ûܿ𣿡ʯҰƤĻش
һˣһҰˣܿҶʫŹأҲһЩС껺Ĵ˵
ʯ˲ķۣʯҰ
ã˵ûͿûʯҰҡҡͷûбˡ
ֵ񺣾ͺ÷ļ仯Ҷµ˿ڵʫ䡣
Ǿ躮Կһп֣ÿһǿ߶躮Կһ˶ɧ
Ȼ
ڽԷУǾһٻɱ˶ˣڼûʲôĻʯҰʫ⾳̾
Ҷ֣ҲòϣΪΣʵΣպıΣĲɣҺ˷ˣҴû˰©ʫģֱһе״Ԫ̾
Ϊ˵ȻܸЩʥӣǿȣĲɲأǲ칦ʧˣĲǿûʲôá
Ⲣ˵ǾһҲĲɣõĲÿ˶أϣʵΪʿȻõҵأһҲõҵأǾѧ˵Ϸӡ
ЩûʲôΪȴܹ˵һЩʥʿ̾ĻЩܹʥ˲
ԣʵΪϣõĲһõҵء
ȻˣǰĲɳڵ˲ΪҲܸߣ˻ɱƣɼã
գѡڽԷ̸죬԰ˣʺС۵ĵطˡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˾⽫Ĵȫˣдκοˣѡ֮ſ
Ҷʫ㣬ܶ˶ʶһ£Щʳ𱬵˼㡣
Ȼˣʳ۸񲻷ƣĴǿʥӵĸ·ź͸ǿߡ
˾ʳİ£ζһı˲ԷУͻһ
Բϣǿ޵ɵĲȺ͸һӣЩʳĸҩȪմʦ֣Ƴ֮ʿкô
ΪҶˣ˾ҲѪˣһϯûаٽＫƷʯܰ
Ҷ֣ף쿪ʤȡʤ˾ƾٱҶ˵
лл
ҶҲеıӣһ˼״Ҳ׷׶ơ
Ҷ֣ҺݺݵǹģӿᣡҲƱҹͬٱ
ƱѲʲôأ
վ˵̫һͯ糿һֱûô˵˵˵ΪǺܴѹ
ݵʱ̫һԼѾǲˣҶ֪ˣ졣
Ȼ
֮ųףԼ֮ǰǾ֮ܣһôԶʤţƶ֮½򣬸жţ
Щǰͨʿûʲô
ҶⱲӶûʸʳһٷ
Ϊʶɱɣ
ʯҰԸŴⱲӶʲô꼴ԵΪ˸ɱҲӦ
һҰҲ֪Щ˵úãҸɱ˵٩һʯҰϽתƻ⣬ʯҰ뷢쭶ûᣬֻøžٱ
˵˵ЦЦҶ֣ڱʱҪСģ˺ܲ򵥣ܹΪһţ϶бɱﵣ˵ˡ
ƹѲ˾Ҷһ䣬ӿдԵĳʧ˵




1323 ǰϦ
ÿһʥӼﶼд˵ˣҲںǺʿӱΪҫ۵֮һ
ȻҲ⣬ܹΪһţʳȺ⣬϶ҲŷͬһĴˡ
ҶҲ̫ġ
ĿǰûжȫʵҲоûʹȭĵһʽˣгĽϣ
Ҷֵܣʤ˱ϣܼ뵽ԺۼֵܣʯҰ˵ѾԺҶҲԺĻ֮ҲиӦ
ʱ˵ɣܻܲ߳ڻ֪أ
ҶԸԼ˵̫࣬ϾۡǡȭǾ䡣
˵ϣ칦һҲôѣҲ֮ء
༸ҲǴģڸʥصС
ȻˣҲмڴĹɵõ칦Ҳһֻ֣ǲб֮Ͼûˡ
Ҳԭ򣬵ʼ޷׳Щ׿ǶͶһӴţ벻ΪԺĹԽ
ҶӣϣѡԺȻˣǰҪǼһſ£ΪҲҪȥԺѧϰˡ
ܿ죬˶ˣ˵Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ҷ飬Ժ
ԺжһЩĴ˺һЩϴڣʥصʥǣȥЩп϶ӵģҲȥԺһͷ˵
ðɣܻһѡԺģҶ״Ӧ
ʵǲ˵ҶҲѡԺǵԺӵĽδҵžڵԺѧϰʵûдﵽԱ£ԸǼ档
ٷԵ൱гʳҶֱӽ˱չص״̬ԼڷڣֱӽռС
ʱҴӵǿѾˣҪպıлǾͱҪӻɱɱҪľʵ
УҶ޲ꡣ䣬;ͬʱȭеİ塣
ۣ½վ۷ľǿߣȻյвʱʴδܲɵճɣڳˣµĴȴǼǿĴ֮һ
İҶڳˣɫâƳɽȻվȴһԨsŵĸо
죬Ҷ˵ʵһʱȥˣʥ̥ڵľҲȶκβ
һ̣Ҷ˼࣬˵ȫѨеʥ̥ӰȫʵˣӦôﵽʥ̥۷Ŷԣ֪ʥ̥۷廹һκܳľ롣
һָо޷˵ܹо
һУҶ˴ʯ¥Һʯ˷ָһ룬ʱҲ˲֮⣬ļȫˡ
Ȼˣмʯûղ
ϸ˵Ǽ鲢ʯʯͨʯͷʯһĻҶܾܿͽ⼸ʯͷˡ
ЩʯͷǧСҪʮأȴû˿ɢݳͷ·ͨʯͷһ
һʼҶֶǱֹˡ
ϵ˵⼸ʯͷȻʯһֵԲʯʲôͨʯͷҳԱ˳ŵģŪͨʯͷ
ϵƲ⣬ЩʯͷпǴ˵еʯ澿̲ʲôпĻû֪
ϸҶʯҪôʲôûУһжͷͬСɣпϡ֮䡣
ҶԼҲûԾЩʯͷȷţûµʱĥ
˴ʯ£ҶоԼƺһ˿ͻƵļ󣬵ʲôͻƣͻơ
˼̥֮ҶȻˣǾһνףû㹻ʯ֧ŵĻҪٴ̥ǲܵġ
죬Ҳǳ𱬣Ȼˣû˵ȫָܹ۷״̬
սʤ֮ӱųպҪҶսҶ·Ϊȥ˱
ΪˣڹȥǵĻⶼΧҶ᲻սԼֶܹ೤ʱȵȡ
ҿҶʿδػսԼֻҪͬսӾôɱҲûãλԺԸġһЩ˫ûʲôʿɹ۵Ʋ
Щʿģϸ񱣳ɢޣԼСŵˣǲƫУֻǾ¶ѣҲҶ
Ҳѹ֣ҶȻں̫ʥӴսʱսʤ˹껣֮ǰĹϵܶ˶Ϊ̫УҶһֲ
Ҷ
ݺܶŶǶҶ֮ǣҾվͬһսϡ
֮Уݵʿû̫࣬ڽĹѨʱ
ȴʧһᾫӢж붼ֱӻ߼ҶУܲǸλ󶯣
Ȼ޲ýҶңҲڻǶ֣ǽϣϡ
ǸΨһᣡ
Ҷ϶ԺߵԺ
ʱѧԺıӻɱҶڳ˵λ




1324 ս
Ŵ½Ҫ֮һŴľ½Ŀ⡣
ڹȥʿһЩòɽĻʯϹŶˡ
ˣһǶڵţһǺɱĺ˭Ц󣬻治˵
žĵʿǷ׷ײ²⡣
Ȼ󲿷˶ҶҲһЩ۹ϬϹŶҶ֮Ϊδؾһܡ
գټĹ㳡ΪˮйͨСµӰģѹѹһƬ
ڹ㳡һ۵ĽһͷձñԼסһ̯ǰݰԵ͡
Աѿɵ˵Ĺϰ壬Դûͷڹһٶȥˣ˵ĶƤǱģ·ûԶһ
͸ƶȣԵúܲۡ
Ҷ˵ͬ£˹㳡ȺԶɢóһͨͨ
ͬʱ桢ʿͬҲ˹㳡
ͬһɢűϢ˲׿
ܵܣգΣҲҪ˵潫ǸҶɱΪ׺ȥ˱𣡡
ִʱͣ½ŲɱŨ˵
ģһѪ츸׵飡ɨһǰҶɱȻػص
֮ǰͬսѻɱѣҶ֮ǰıˡ
ȻҶܹ̫ʥӹ껣ôӾ޷ɱҶ
һ£ɱҶֻܽս
ģ֪ôӵͷȻڡ
ͬʱҶҲͣ˽Ų
СסҵĻҪ
ɽڣ˵˵
š
ҶͷǽȫΧЩĿ⣬Ƿ·Ӧġ
ںط㹻󣬲ǲԱһɲ׼㹻Ŀռ䡣
Сӣ԰ⲻͷҴ㡣˺ǺٺһЦ
ৣ
ǵĻ뵽¥ҵ׷ɱҶͰǣһһ˶԰͵ͷޣɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ȼջ𣬵Ҳ֪ôǰһͷǼƽ̫ˣûз
Ҷ飬Ŵǰĵ˵Ҫնңϣ㲻ҪǵĻͷڹ꣡
ûкͰǽϾȴìͷָҶһƱ˵̬
˵սսҲգĸУҲʸĴսԴĸ޵˫ȼˣҶڣǱЦ˵
ۣ
̫ⷬˣҶ̲סЦ㳡ϸǱһƬЦе˽պȵˮ˳ȥ
һЩֵŮʿҲЦû֦ҲЦŶӣᶼЦˡ
̫Ʒˡ
ǧܺ죬ᱻ
˹ͬĿеĵλֱ߰θߣΪǲĴڡ
ǣҰ㣡
ӱ˫ðһɫˣɱ·ʱҪ֡

ҪԼ֣һϺȣ·һĶǱұǸҲмڸ֣򴫳ȥ١ԴСοй涨˽ǹڿӰ
~
ٴǵĻûֱ£Ȼûж֡
Ϊһ仰
ΪҴˣҲƻǵĹأ
ͬʱսȺٴκЦһЩƶ߶Цˣð̫Ʒˣ

ʱѧԺĸԺϣ˼£ϵЦ⣬ſڡ
ҵᣬŴλھߣӭľ
λԺ˵һͨϻ֮󣬾˶첻ͷʱ򣬲˱ʽʼ
Ҷ飬Ҳֱӽս
ʼӲδֱӳ֣ʵ
ս˫ԸУֻҪһԸսλԺȻڹؼʱ̳֣ʧߡ
ȻҲ֪֪֮ԼԲλԺƤӵ½ҶɱģԣҪҶԼս
ңҶ˵ҲӦս

ȻҶĻȫɵۡ
֮ǰ˶ΪҶһӦսģû뵽ȻĽ
Ҷڸʲô
Ȼܾӵ飿
Һսˣ
ԭһܿڿûʸһսˡ
εĹھĪˣ
һʱ䣬۷׷ʿۣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻܾս
Ҳã֪лҪǿƥ֮£ΪȡЩҶѡ
ͯ糿һ㵣
ļУҶôǿĶ֣δ˷ǳߴӡ
ǸһǰӵǿĵҶȻӦս
ʮΣ
Ǻֱè壡
Сڸʲô
Ҳסˣû龰ҶȻܾսôܣ
ţ
ҲסˣҪɱҶԷȻսһȭ˿еĸоܵҪ
ԴԼǢ̸ݵʿҲסˣԭΪһܹڱнҶɱû뵽ҶȻܾս
һɱҶǲܵģ
⡭
̫ʥӹ껺ҰʯҰС˺˵Ҳڹ㳡ϣһĻҲһɻ
ˮ㣬޵УҶ޵ˣҡͷ̾ɷұ䷶
˱սԺΪħģƴһպ͸սʤˣԼӶֵϵġһ˵
ʥӣȽϬһ۱㿴еĹؼҶѡҲеǳ⡣
ˣһԵˣܶݵʿ̲ס̾
Ҷ飬㲻ǰſôôһ̣ȴͷڹꣿѵֻϳǿɣ
ٴοڣƣҶս
ΪԣڱлɱҶõĳƺţҲܲģ
˭˵ҵͷڹˣ
ҶЦĿ絶һӣҲӦսΪҾòýսӦýиս
ǰʱ䣬ҹȻΥأϸѹˣ׷ɱ
Ŀ֮£Ҷһοˣգڶ¸صǰڳҵҪǷҼҪ·ʱָԤ
㡭˵ʲô
ŭĿҶ˻
գ³ɺޣһ˽ᣬ·
ҶڻӦף쳹ʡ




1325 սҶս 

ҶĻҶǲƺͱս⣬ֳһƬ
ৣ
һ̡
Ŀ絶һɨҶŭȼգ
ȻҶڽ¶Υ׷ɱ飬ŭˣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶֻԼǵ˱֮Уͷһ

ͬʱŭһɱⱬҪ֡
ҪսҪҪٺúÿһ£Ƕκһ˵طʧʧϷ֮ǲҪսĺã
ԺĸԺϹؿһۣԷϢ󣬲ŽĿͶеҶӣȰ˵
ϣκһսϾֻһ
գұն
Ӵʣӵؾܾ˵ԺԺ顣
ԣҶ֮ĳѾ˷ǽɵĵزˣɱ֮𲻹죬ɱ֮ޣ߼Ҷ֮ĳ޷⡣
죬ֻһ˻ȥⳡҲ˾ı
⡭ðɣȻǼ֣Ǿսɣ
ԺԺĸԺһۣһųƤǰ
ⳡɵԺԺ֤ͬԣ״Ҳķݣһģ޷ǾǺ֮ǰ״һȵȡ
ͬǣĸǩ֮Ҷ˷ֱƤԼеӡǡ
λԺҲҪǩԼĴղغãպ˲ˡ
ӡ֮ҶԼ״ɽϱܣɽΨԼܲƣתн飬֪ʵݣʲˣҾԲΡ
ҲԼǷݽԼԴպá
һУ˶Ӷվɱ
㳡˶ס˺صȴűĿʼһЩС̷ߺˣ㳡һļž
ৣ
ȳ֣һҶϳȥ
ҪɱҶ֮ǰڴ֮ͥºݺݵҶһ
ò˵ΪһŵӣԸ
ȻҶܹսʤʥӼţӲɱܾЩԤϣȻûнҶ
һƣӶûжֻǶ
ҶɱҰܣͻͨ࣬ʶҶͬʱһسӡ
һȻûȴɼ̺Ŷôǿ
ߣ
ҶһͬһƳȥҲûжκʥûж֮Ͻɫİƹâ˸
飡
˵ڿײһ𣬷죬㳡ϵֻ÷·һ
Ҷ˿۾ûգһ¡
ƺһѸٳˣҶĿг˷ŭ𾪺Ͳţ
ԭΪԼͻͨǣҶֻǶ֡
˿ֺ̽ѾرΣѪ죬ͷˡ
۰Ҷôǿ󣿾ȻͨӶǶ֣
һĻֳ¶˲̶ͬȵľ㵣˸Ǿѡ
ںܶ˿ڴǰͻƵͨǿ󣬶ҶֻǸոͻƵʥ̥ڣ߸޷ᲢۣɱĽȴӲҰܡ
ܲ𾪣
һڵõ֮֮ôǿ󣡡жϡ
ܵܣĪУȫֻɱҹζ࣡ĿɷɱȻѵ
ԡ
ԣһҩתѵֹ˲ָ˫һӢŤˣֳһıɫ
ӣҪƴˣҶҪùˣ
ͻͨȹ˾磬ЩͻƵʥӿȵģһȫ֣Ҷɣ
Ҷչͨ˷׷ΪҶϷǳǿ󣬵һӶͨҶûκϣ
ҵҪʲôҿ⣿
ɭХһͨһؼľԪɵľӡ˲ҶͷЮѹ¡
ͨһĳؼԪأԲԪսֲ˹
ģľӡϳӵͨ
ʣӱȻľ֮Ԫأⷽӡͨͨսʥֱ̥Űɱ
㳡ϣʶ֮˲٣һӾͿⷽľӡĲ֮
ҶȻ壬Щһֱ˼ʥİ취ѾһЩ򣬽֤һ¡
򣡡
Ҷһʥӿһȭѹµľӡȥ
һԼӰ˲ʵʥ̥ԻһϽһ㣬ͬһȭľӡȥ
䣡
һ죬Ҷıʥ̥ȭâһ𣬺ݺݵĻľӡϣѹµľӡֱӺˡ
ͨˣ
ʥҶȻս·
С
㳡һƬ㽫㳡˲գ˱ˣһĿɿڴ
ʥ̥Ȼͨʿչֳͨˣ̫ԣ
һ̣󲿷˶ɵˣЩһǿߣҶı̫ˡ
Թܹʥ̥ڱܹƵͨǿʩչͨģָЩ˴Ϊ˾ǿߣǹؼһ֤ɵˡ
ΪƵҵͨͺ˲ɱ
˫׹⣬˫ӡһľӡγɣҶѹ¡
ҵҪжʥֵܹʲôʱ򣡡
һЦͨɹͨأؼԪսνԴԴʺϵľǳ־ս
ţԼĵ𣬶ҶĲ𣬱ϾʥͷǳԿҪҶ
䣡
ľӡâţӴ߶ԴԴע뵽ľӡ֮Уⷽӡ졣
ž
Ҷȫľӡ棬˫ֳһӽľӡо¹â˸ʾŷǿѹǿַƣƵ
ٺ١
Ӽ״Ц˵ΪסҵľӡҾû취ǰɣȥɣ
ಣ
£ſһ˲һ֧ҶＤȥ
˿̣Ҷ˫оľӡȫ¶ڲֻؿ֮Լĵ
ˣһﱻϣҶ簸ϵ⣬׸
һ̣˶жϡ




1326 սҶս 

Ĺ㳡ϣһ촫ɵļľӡϣȻըѡ
Σʱ̣ҶץסľӡǰסӵĹ

ƿҶ˫ľӡȻӣٶȿ磡

һĻ󲿷ֹڣٴɵۡ
Ԫɵľӡӵֹ
һʿľӡѹסͱѹ⽴ˣ
Ҷǵһ¶ûУӲץסľӡľӡӵƿأֱӵʯͷ˹ȥ
̧ɽҶֱǸ
˶ⳡǵԤϡ
֪Ļǲĳĺˡ
ʷϣֹܶս죬ɽĴЩҲõģǵѪһʾ˲ʡ
Ҷʲô壬˹ͬĿɵˣ֪Ҷĵϸ
ৣ
չԼľӡɿӡľӡԶɢڿС
ɱ
ҶʼչԸõķǹöڲԼ



ҶʩչȭѪȭ£һȭһȭĴȥ磬ʥâҫۣ񱩵̨
飡飡飡
첻ϴӷֵ纣Хһ㣬ûˣչ˿칥ȭײϴâд
һЩһǿ֮⣬ûܿϵ׷ʲôֻܹҫϹ۵ʥâ⡣
Ҷչֳʵֱֲһһʿҡͷ̾
ûҶٶ̫ˣѹӴû˿֮һҲͷ
ֲ
λԺˣǶǲǿʶǿߣҶǿüܴԽռٶȣƺµһЩʲô໥һۣӱ˴˵п𾪡
׷ǲ
ϺͬĽгҶƣ׷ǲĲ׷£˿ɵ
׷ǲ£죬ģûκεطȥãסǧס
ֲֻѾʧ˽꣬ҶĴˣȻܹõֻڴ˵еĲ
ˣλϺųҶӵֲϣҶڲ֮أùʹ򣬴򲻹ܣ֮ͬмûκ׷
˿̣ϣҶһȭһȭĺɱӣκδϢĻᡣ
ͨҶʥ籼ڵĳӣ಻Ϣ޿ݽߡ
һ̣ҶȫʮѨȫÿһѨжһʥ̥ӰѾʵˣΪṩ޾ʥ

Х쳣֮ǰôҲû뵽Ľѹͨڣȴֻʥ̥ڵҶѹŴûлֵĻᡣ
⣬ܶȻ֪оʲôҲ֪ӿ϶ûռϷ磬Ը񣬿ʩչɱˣܲڣ
ɫأҶ沽Щǣ似Ψ첻ƣҶٶȣ½һ־սƴľ˭ǿ
Ҷ似࣬ȥǼУʤٶȹ죬һҲκβֻܼвУһͨûзӵĵط͵ţʹϣָоƵļѪ
Ҷصú˾ƵЦŶߵĺ˵
ǣҲҶֵ˭һеģΪǿ˵һٶҪ죬ٱˣٶҪ죬ٶȸҪ졪ҶֱֵܼǸһеϣ˵˵һҲûе˵ĲԺ
ͬʱȻϾǼɫ
ԭǶܵҶİΣ˿̿Ҷѹӱᣬ׷
ȻҲ²㲻ܣȻǵ͹ˡ
鿴ųе龰Цѡ
£˷Ӧһ
ϣԾڼҶʥ಻ÿһǳǿ󣬼ϿӳԾ˿ͷ
ҵҪ㾿ֵʲôʱ򣡡
Ҷ˫տȻ̣֮֮˵֮ǰĻ

Ӻ޵ŭֹͼҶѹĻᡣ
˿̣ҶѾʥϣʩչ׷ǲȫѹӴ
ʱһһš
֪Уʱȥˣ˿
Ҳ֪һʷǰսֻһ˻߳Ȼʮֲҡ
ˣҵɫԽԽѿ
ԭΪⳡӻԾƻʤɻɱҶ
Ȼ
ʵȴʱԾɲʤ֮ǰӲǱƣֻм֮ûл
һɲԤ˵ͷսĻô˵⽫Ǿ޴ʧǶҶԣ
ˣ
ŭ£Ҷļ϶һɢһаϢִӻóһƤһͨ
һ̣һѪϱӲҶƿˡ
ԭӴҶսֻҪҶʥ˥תĹһٽҶɱ
ȻҶʥ̶ȴԤϣ
ΪˣıսϧһдۣҲҪҶɱ
ǡ
Ѫħ澭
ûа似ڹżмѪ죬аļֹ֮һ
û뵽ӾȻѧѪħ澭Ѫħ澭һ似Ѫħ죬ǳԵҶˣ
ӵı֣˶ʱը˹˵ĿЩ
Ѫħ澭֪ħ򲻿繫ϵġ
ʷֹһѪħ澭ʿһɱħޱɱΪԲԭ򣬻һ̯ŧѪ
Ȼ
ȴ缸˾޴𣬺ܶʿУ
˶û뵽ӾȻħ
Ҷģ
һȣһȭѪ֣񱩵Ѫ⻯һѪɫ֣ҶȫҶ׷ǲ޷롣




1327 սҶս 
Ѫħ澭˼ħ֮һͳͳΪ˴ħͷʹޡ
Ѫħˣ˵ö֮
Ѫħ澭۵ƽбݵ֮⣬˶ϣҶʤ
ڳҶǩ״Ļ˳ֹⳡ
û˳ֹһЩʥǿɫƵؿ档
λ벻ᣬӲѪħ澭һǿ似ҪѪѡѹֻó壬Ϊϴס
ʣһʲô似ΪκѪħž˵֮㳡ϣʵ
еõһ似ϷԷģԺѪħûκιϵҲҪᣡаŭôʩչˣ
ɵزò壬һΪϰѪħ澭½ҵѣ
䣡
˵䣬ӳŽҶĻᣬŤתƣתΪҶԺһȭݺᣬϯķ
Ӳɫ죬һ˿Ѫ
飡
ҶӦɳȥʮԶصڵϣɫҰףѪ磬Ȼˡ
ˣҶ
һĻ󲿷ֹ˶̲סҡͷĲϣӻʤԴôͣǶʩչѪħ澭е似
Ҷ硭
ͯ糿һվɫ԰ףżʱץסĻѾˡ
Ҷӡ
̫һҲˣȻվҪȥ
Ǹ£
ɽһϺȣֹ˵ĳ嶯˵ǳȥʲôҶǵʵôοҶѾսκ˲ø棬ҵЩ쵰гֵĽڣʱҶΣգ
ɽѵһ̫֮һҲ侲һʹվû
ҶֵΣˣ˾ɫص˵
ҿδأѪħȻǿ󣬵Ҷֵܿ϶ɱﵡڣûκεġ
ô֪ҰʯҰ
µģ

ʯҰ˾һ
Ӧòôװܵġüͷжϡ
ͬʱȴԾһںӡ
û˱Ҷɱﵣ
ҶģɱδޣɱҸףҪѪծѪңĲΪˣ
һڵϵҶȥޱɭĵظдһ
ӣǸ֮ĶԹ˵Ѫħ澭ѵͲ±ɱôҶд߶֮Ѹ޸ơ
ٺ٣ҪˮҸղʩչĲѪħ澭е似ܹġ
һݣղҶѹŴ򣬱ŭ£嶯֮ûϸ룬ֱӶѪħ澭˿̾ҶһѣȻ֪ԲΪԼʩչѪħ죬򽫻дѡ
ô˵۾ѩģҶЦ
˵ϻɱ֮Ի˽ͣôʤȯգսپ
ҶȻӦ

ӿЦͷԲѣ

£һȭҶȭͷѪӿ֣ɢſµ
һȭûйҶͷǺҶĵȷϵҶΪҶĥ
Ψˣܽͷ֮ޣ
ţ
һȭͻȻҶһ˿âʱһòףΪҶûпκεı˺;ȴһ˿˿Ĺ
Ȼ
ӿֳõĸо˿ҪѾˣֻȫԸ
ɲǼ䣬ӷ߶ʩչѪħ죬о뵽һȭ֮УѪɫĹâ˲ǰµӿܣļ¡
һȭӴǰδе
䣡
Σʱ̣Ҷˡ
Ŀ֮£Ҷʥ̥壬ȭķתʥȭӡһȭ
ȭһʽ
ȫʩչѪħ죬ҶҴ⣬ֱӶǿɱУ

ɲǼ䣬һϽɫȭâ֣׹â˸ʵʣһ»кХѪɫȭâ
䣡
һ죬ѪɫȭâȻըѣһѪ⣬ķ
ͬʱϽɫȭâƲ˥ݺݵػӵؿڡ
飡
ꡪ
ͬһʱӻƣ߹ǶѣѣѪӿɫ԰ֽ˵ɶش
⡭
ѻȸ˭Ҳû뵽Ľת̫졣
ӾȻˣôܣ
Ӳ
ǲʵԭΪҶѾˣӻɱֵû뵽ҶȻܱǿս
⡭ȭ
ܿ죬ϳҶʩչĵҵĲؼ
Ҷôҵȭ

һ̣㳡Ϸ·ιһ쫷磬Ⱥ
ȭǾ۴ǿ似ǿĸܴˡ
ҶҶ飬һСŵĵӣܺ͵ҳϹϵΪʲôҵĲ֮أ
⡭
˾ơ˺ʯҰҲɵˡ
⡭һﵽŶܣҲǾŴӣС졣
У𾪵ĪˣΪŵδޣȻϵȭ
ǿ似Բй˽֪ģ׼ϱûʸѧϰȭ
ܣⲻܣȭйôģҡͷ޷һС
ҵľʲôʱйˣôһϢ֪ʥ̫ʥʥ׷׾ȡ
ûд𰸡
ɫ࣬ǹɲĸоǿң˫
⡭ôܣ
ϣѪ޷
Ϊ˲Ծȫ֣ΪҶɱﵣҲ޷ֵȫʩչѪħ졣
Ȼ
ҶʩչŽȭ
ܣ㲻ܻȭȥ
ӳ׷ˣ
ѵ߶Ѫħ澭һɿֲϢɢٴҶһȭ
֮飬ҲŹ⻪
Ҷһȭӡӭٴκȭһʽҵâɽնӵȭâɢһνɳȥ
һΣ˿÷ǳУȷȭɣ
Ϊȭ̫ˣ
磬ӵд۴еļ岢ࡣ
ΪһۣȻΪ֪
һΣܵ˸أըˣʥ̥Ҳ𶯣ңʹȥ
ӣҪˣ
ȭҲģ
ûȻǿ󣬵Ͼûд۵ĴУ似ҲֻܹȭᲢۣӰܵĲԩ
ٴѪɣȷҶȷʩչȭ˶Ϊӱɡ

αɣŭˣͷڷѪɫɢһа
䣡
һ죬Ϸ·һ棬ȼţǿϢɢ
ȼ
׼ƴˣ




1328 ζ
Ҫƴˣ
һĻ̱ףҪȼƴһսˡ
һ棬ӱΪһţǱŴһͻͨģǰʥ̥ڵҶУֱǳ衣
ΪҪǣҶıսζ
ˣղʵ̫ˣǲ֮ǰ֪Ҷȭ£ȼ׼ƴͬʱҰʯҰʵ
֪
ҡҡͷֻƶ϶ɱﵡӦüǵãǾۻʱ˵ӺпĳɱﵣҶûзϡǸʱҾƶҶ϶ҲԼɱûó
ò˵Ȼ˳÷˵㣬ǷǳģĲ²ȫȷ
Ϊȼܸıô
׼ƴҶһֱȼʥ
ǿƣͷãǲִ֮ͥʹãǵΪԼǻ
û˻᲻ۺ۱ңһ֪ԼӵǼĵ۱϶᲻ϧһд۽Լɱġ
ʵûдﵽʥʱҶϣκν
ɱӸ趯þڣ
䣡
Ҷȼʥ֮󣬽ȼ֮Դ֮ͣγһǿ󵽼
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˱ħһ㣬Ƶ͹ΧƸ˫һ˴ףûͫʣ·ڶһĻꡣ
⾪˵һĻٴγ֣Ϊ֮𾪣Ȼ֮ǰѾһˣԳ
һΣ͹Ӱ֣Ҷһȭ̫ʥӺ˵£ƶˣˣ
˿̣͹Ӱֵ֣Σ
Ҷֵܣ
Žſ񺰣˿ûнҵ˷˸λ󶯣ֲܶСô
Ŵ󺷷˶ǳصģһпʥʵǺ˵үүǿһʥغ͵嶼ҪΪ֮ͷ۵ĺݽɫǲ

ӿһȫһȭҵȭâҫգù㳡˶ס۾
УһЩʵСʿֱӻ˹ȥ
Ҫ㣡
Ҷ˿壬ͬӳһȭȭһʽ
䣡
һ죬µ籩ϯķΧ֮ڴ·˴һƬķݵ̳
飡
ӱҶһȭҽ˵£ٴαƻȻмǿάƣƱȴǿ
ϣӲʯͷѣһһӳ⣡
λԺƤһȭʵ̫ˣǾãҶһȭ˵ͨڵӣ¾һͨڵʿδܽӵ¡
ȿȡ
ȭâʧϳһ׵Ĵӣڻѣˣһ߿Ѫһ
ΪֹˣĽվļգҶһ߹ȥӾ֡
սֳûκ˿Ը棬ӻɢˣڰϵ⣬Ҷ׸
ס֣
СҶ
Դͬʱȡ
ৣ
ȵͬʱԴһǿͻ˲ȱķƣһҶץȥһʵĴ֡
󵨣

ԺԺλԺͬʱ֡
УԺԺһӣһ⣬ֱԴâɵĴ֣ԺԺֱӵԴǰ
ֻӣС֣Դɱһ֣˵
ȻҶ޵񣬵ҲĿŵƻء
ϾǵҲ׵ѧԺ
ûнκ˲ôŲѡ֣ǹأ帱ԺϹ˵
Ѿǩ״սػֳκ̲ø档ԺԺ½ϹҲǿƸ͡
㡭ǡԴҪٴοڡ
Դһ֮ξͲ׷ƻ֮ˣٸƻĹأԸԺԺ½Ϲֺ˵
ҵԺ̬Ժһ£ԺԺͷ
£ͬʱɢǿƣԴ
Դɫ࣬û˵ֻ俴ˡ
ҡ
һĻ֪ԼҪǲˣܹסѾңæڣȡ
ӵԴɫѿ˼㣬ѹûٳ֡
ΪԺ͵ԺλԺƤӵ¶֣ܡ
һĳˣҲ޷Ĵ
ȻҪΪᣡ
ಣ
ԴӵͬʱͻƷʱµͨ
Ҷģɱҵܵܣұ֤ԺԺɣȻҲûҳ֣һ˪Ҷв
ô
ҶһȻӶ
ۡ
䣬Ҷһƽĳ⽴ҲĨˡ
νһţʹ˱

һĻȫȻ
˵Ƥӵ£ҶǸҽӺɱ궼ûӵҪǷ
Ժ͵ԺĸԺû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼ
㡭㡭
ɫ䣬ָҶɱȻ
вҵ˺ܶ࣬ˡ㲻ǵһҲһ㣬δɱңܷҶ˿޾壬ǿƻӦ
Ҷֵܰ©
˴СУҶ⼸仰⣬ʱָɽˮ֪ĸо
㡭
ͬʱûҲڵء
С㹻ݣ
Դɫ࣬ɱ죬ĿԼϣžˣ˷ŭ
Ȼ
λԺļ£ûκλᡣ
ëллĿ佱
ҶЦӦѺҲݣûбҪʲô

ۿҶԴŭ£˫ͻȻλԺ˵λǰս
У
ܣ
λԺȻܾѾǵԺѧԱˣܲμα
ʵ̫ǿνս۸ˣ׼ȷ˵ɱҶ
Ҷ飬սӦս𣿡
ܣֱҶսֻҪҶӦλԺҲ޷
ǸڶûȤշлᣬһԸ
Ҷܵķɱ⣬ۣһһûµĻˣţһ⽴Ҳߡܵܣ


1329 Ҷ
Ҷ˵ǿƻɱӣǵԴŭǵҪҶսսҶ衣
һϵб仯ʵ̫죬ӦӲϾĸо
еˣ
ֹǹ֣ҿֱ޳ܣ
ҶֵܺģֲҪǾӦ
ҶĻ£ǻع񣬷׷׿ָ̫к˸ΪҶĻػкá

ˣһ֮Ůʲôʱܹ裿
Ȼ
ջջҲ֪ҶӦսĻԲ֣ܳ򽫻ᱻϳ͡
֪һͬʱȴҲģɱȻصųЩڵˣĿ˺ϡ
СǣѲ㿴ϸˣţȻ㳤еԲۣĻΪԸ˺ٺЦ
պģ
üͷ˫𣬻ɱȻ
ɱҵܴŵ򣬲ȱһЦݵλֻ߲ͣɽҲˣĻὫ
ã֣Ҽסˣ
ҧгݵ˵ţȻҲôȥ޷ֵôһӣӵʬ
˵ʬ壬ʵֻʣһˡ
ߣ
һĻԴɱʮصҶһۣһӣ뿪
һҲڻˣ
ˣҲе޹⣬׷׽ȥİ佱뿴ˡ
һʼʿֺΪһŴھĪˣû뵽·ɱҶȻǿӶɱˡ
ʵЩ̫ˣԳܣֻᱻ˳Ц裡
ԴȥĻһҲѡ˳
ҶĻ˵ĳƺţΪϣϴ֮·š
Ƿǿ˷ʥӡׯʥӺ;۱ʥӽ𳤸ˡ
̫ʥӺ;޻ûսǵıҲǳǿλԺͬ
սѭߵѡֽǰʮʸԺѧϰУλϺ긱ԺϧһдҶ
ǶҶȻ粻ߣǱˣʵǿѵһĺӡ
ǰʮѡȷ֮󣬽а佱
ò˵ѧԺѪˣƷǳҶõһʯǧＫƷʯһЩҩҪһ
ֵǣǷŵ۱Ļпܻĳۡ
Ϊһ̫ʱڵ׼۵ʱһЩ򣬶ʿ˵ֱ޼֮
ǿʯǷǷһֻһ߸ߣʮʯʯͷȻΣȭͷգƺҪȥȴûдȥӡ
ڿʯʱ򣬲ʯеζڣǼֵǣȻδ׼۵󣬵ҲǱ
˵Ҷʱˣʯʱֻúǲ뵽ϸ֮ߡ
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Ҷ̨콱󲿷ʿ۾죬ϳĽʺޡ
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ҶҶҶ
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һʵ̫ǿˣһǿ̫࣬ԤȻǴս죬Լ֮սҲĴս
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꽱λԺ׷˵ǰʮŽԼѧԺѧϰա
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λϺһգѡ˵ԺһѡԺԺһ
ϸԷˣԺѾˣԺֻˣܽҶȡĻԺξͿˡ
㳡̨ϣԺԺԺЦСĺһֺõؿҶ
ҶǿǵԺɣҪ֪ǵԺԺʷƾã۴ģĿǰѾѡǵԺ˵ǵԺǱԺǿԺϹ׳֦
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Ļ˵꣬㱻Ժ½Ϲִˡ
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ŭϹһ٣ԺĸԺҶ˵Ҷ֣ǵԺŵ֮䣬ʥӣ߳ҵĻͲӡԺͬˣԺֻҪ˲ţһͬʣԺһ
˵½Ϲ֣˹ˣɲܸǵԺʺӣǵԺʲôʱŵ֮ˣ˵ˣȻԺԺͬһģԺǱԺ磬һóϣһҲ硣ԺԺķ
ʲôԺĵͬҶ˵Ժĺãұ֤ܵõĴ
ҶֻҪѡǵԺұ֤Щ崫˵õͬĴ
Ϲ֣ĸҹȥǰɣԺԺߣ첲ӣһҪɼܵļơ
ô½Ϲ֣붯ְĪǣΪϷ㲻ɣ
ԺĸԺҲ˶ۣһԲϱֵļơ

㳡ϣ˿һĻ׷ɵۡ




1330 Ҷѡ
ѲϷ㣿
Ժ½Ϲ֣۾һɣ󿴵˷ɵ̾˿ˣ̨ô˿أǻע󣬽ѡȨԼɡ
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֮ǰ֮ԳһҪϷҶҶΪԼӶѡԼѧԺ
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Ҷ𰸣ʮָɴࡣ

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ԺȻϱȵԺһҶ㹻ˣҶһҲ

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õĽҶԺѧϰĶֽǵǿ˺ʥӣ


1331 ǰ
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ͬʱ
ҵأɽϿյ칬֮Уǿ߶ۼһ
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ҪŪҶΪλҵĲ֮ءȭ




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һǳ֮أȺɽԴ䣬ɽڵɽΧм䡣
Ӹ߿տɽһֻңԶڸ߿տĻ޷
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ͬʱϷŭ֮гź⡣




1333 ʮǰ
ǿߣһչԼ֮УǾԵףֻܹܵˡ
Ҷû뵽Լո򣬱˶֣ǿߡ
ԭҶڶԷݺ棬ʶе֮ˣϱȻʶˣƺǷߺ
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ԲţȴֲȫϣΪȷǰ
ݣɽеһɽС
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ɫһСӣˣңݵʱûоɽҾõģҲô޳ˣǲײĲᣡ
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ŲٸҶϻˣʩչ꣬κܶزס
⣡
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ڶĸδϢҲᱩ¶ŵĺ飬ȻٴѰҺ׷ɱĸϡ
ڱȻŵУ
ģҲҪģᱩ¶֮Ŀռͨᱩ¶Ǹʱҵʵ򿪷ӡһ
һҵ֪˵ĴڣȻǰǸʱ򣬿򶼻꣬Ҫġ
ƴˣ
Ҷݣѯʵϣȫ߶۱Ļܷɱ
ϵһԥˣòȷ˵ѣûбɱİգŷǳ򵥣ȻʲĸѾͷҲǺʣʵǳǿ󡣡
⣬һ峤ĺѡˣϴвرĶ϶٣һ޷ɱôȫñ¶
˲ôˣȫһ԰ɣܻɱãһ꣬ͬס
Ҷһõ۱Լ׾˾ˣҲԼĳ˻ɱ
Ų֪ǰ˾ȻԼõĶӣ¾֪ҲԲκ
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Ǵ˿̷ǳʵһԣ֮УҲãŵӵϵɲ봥ùͷ
һģȻҲǳżҶĴѱֻҶรˡ
Сӣ㲻˵ʵûϵеֶεõȫܣ˵꣬ʩչѻ
ҶѾ׼֮ԴֻҪԼ꣬չҷϴ߶۱ɱ
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һǿߴҶ߳Ҷ󣬺Ŷš
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ԺΣѧҵĲ֮أȭҪջȭѵҪֹ𣿡ŷǳǿơ
Ϊ޵ļ֮һĴˣѹûнԺʦϵҵĲ֮أ˭ҲջҶȭ
Ժĵӣ㶯ǸԺԡóѣ
ԹҲǿƣΪϵѧԺеԺʦĿԼѧԺĵӱ۸ǵҲУ
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˵ţȷִ̧һɫС˲ŴԹѹ¡
ɫСǳз˸һرѵֵ
ҲԹɵǿһֱǾɱҪٶȽԹɻܡ
ΨнԹɻˣܼҶ꣬õԼҪϢ֮ҶĨɱˡ
ৣ
Թɫһ࣬˲չͬʱһɫСȥ
飡
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Ҷһʵʵֲ̫ˣһƾܽͬŵرɣֱδš
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ŵһһݵʮǰԹɣ
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ԹɰȻս졣




1334 鴫
ʮǰԹڶ򼸺˲֪˲
Ϊһеٮٮߣһ޿֡
ԶҲս˺ܶһǿߣһǿ˴սҹ԰֮
սѾǳˣǿҲǳ˺ѡ
˵ʮǰڶԹɼһ־һ
üˣսһʼҲˣû뵽ԺһʦȥˣһԸҿ㾿жǿ
ǰ־ʮǰԹɣŵ۾ȼ˺սĻ棬˲佫Լ״̬ѡ
һսӣ
Թüͷ΢壬Ҳ֪һȵĶǶôѶԸǻᳬӳս
˿û·ˣĿҶѻ֮꣬ٱϵΪ
Ҳ򣡡
ԹҲ֪ɱŵĻ鷳̫һ峤ĺѡˣһɱҷǼ۲ɡ
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ҶɣûãſЦһȭһȭԹȥɫȭͷϻơ
ⲻͨĻ棬ʿֻ¶ȼߣ۽һʿֻҪմȾϣ̼ᱻճɻҽ
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飡
飡
飡

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顭
ڸ߿֮ٴν֣貴ĿĹâԶڰ֮ƳǶ˷ˣ׷նԶԶΧۡ
ǿ֮ĴսɲЩʿǴǳ
ﵽ֮ʿ÷ǳˣײᱬսԣսôǰΧۡ
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⻰ɫѿ˼㡣
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;УԹɽҶ⵽δ峤ϮϱԺ߲㡣
ĳЩѾǧǰǼˣбҪˣ
֮ͬľԺֹʣԸԴСǿ۸ԺӵĻǧǰѪݣ
һգԺԺأ

ⷬʱ˾޴𶯣ǲ뵽ǧǰҰ




1335 Ż
ǧǰԺ߳һţΪߣǱһʱ򣬱ʱһʢʥ̫ϳϳֻɱ
ʱԺԺǴΪջ𣬵Ժ֣һЩʯĸֶˡ
һȺֺƺƵɱǸʥأļսڸ˾޴ۺԺӲǸʢʥΪƽأ䳹׶˴С
˵ǸʥԺ͵忹⣬ȻԾɱԺɱ˸Ȯֵ̫ϳϸǱֲ̲꣬űɱ
һս𶯣
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ǧ׺ɣܶ鶼ʷǽʷٴαǲžԺȻơ
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Ϊǿ߶ǴѪվģûݵǣΪһ֡
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Ѿʧȥ˵۱ѹ̣ܺԺӲƴƴ𣬾ӮԺҲȻԪˡ
ǸʱʱҲ͵ˣ໥ǣƣ˭Ҳҵһ֣ҺԺƴ˸ܾ˵Ļ϶֣ҹϷˡ
һǿֲ߲ܳһҲ֣ܳԺԺûнֹһҶ֣Ǹᡣ
ȥһӢֻҪҶؽܻ߻ɱ
峤ϸֳһЦݣãǼеһеľӢնɱҶҲǴ´࣬ǿ֮⣬ҲвΪԶʤҶš

߰ķУҶԹɵĴһ۵Сӡ
Сڶǳͨ˼ĵطȻγɵĴ䡣
СӴԼ߰ҵӣ䣬һˣڴӺ಻ϵĴɽɽһƴ
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ҶǳƣеԺ͵ϻĵĶѧһĵ۶ɽ
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ҶȻһͷǽ˶ͶĿ⣬ѧԣôһͷ
ʲôûô𣿡
ҲǸʡ͵ĵƣһĿ⿴Լʱµ

˰ǵĻ˶ʱɴ۾ôҲû뵽Żѩ׵ǾȻѾԿ˵ˣΪ϶Ͱ
ǲ֪ɣ˵ͷǵɲ򵥣ʵЩֻûлζѡ
˵Ҷľ֪ǵ˵ʱһƬ̾
ߣǿ޽ӽ۵ǿߣ׼۶Ķֻ֣ϧ̫죬ʣǿĵ۽٣п֤ɹ
˵ʵȻ̫ˣϧѾҶ˾Щ뷨Ҳֻĵˡ
Ҷֵܣ
˾̾ѵʱһͻȻҶѭȥҶʱˣȻǺ˺ʯҰˡ
ǲѧôҪżⳡ԰Ҷ߹ȥʵ
˵ͳˣ˵飬ڲԵʱӣñ˰ˣһ˷ܵ˵
ôԻᷢΣղɣ
Ҷһ޷Ǿǲһ˵ʵѣӦûΣհ
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Ȼ
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ƬĴɽʲôĽأԣǲõĽȥ֮ᷢ⣬ںܶ궼û˽ȥˣʲôΣգҲֻн֪֮
Ϊ˱ףһὫǷֱͶɽǸĵս£˭ɱ޴࣬ʵǿ˭һܲԣԴƣ
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Ųҧ㣡൱
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Ÿ˰һףһмӡ
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Сӣñ̽ôˣ
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㣡
ҲǳǿȻһͷǶԼŭһһǵԴȥ
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ʱ򣬰һһֱӴܵ˵һҧβƾô˦ڣ۵ҽвѡ
⡭
˱ǰһĻ׾ˣͷǵٶ̫죬ҹԺҪСġ
˰죬ҲûܴӰǵĿӳֻñ¡
⼫ƷǡʦЦãջͬ˰ǺҶһ롣
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ˣ׼һ£Ӳͬķɽ֣ۼس
ʦǿЦ⣬կӺɽֽ




1336 սΧ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ʮԸһƬƴӴ𣬿ɽзȥĴĿɿڴ׷׹ݿͷ
սɽֵʱûʲôǿޣһЩͨҰޣЩҲǷǳģûбڶŷ
һֱ뵽ɽǧʦָʾ˷ֱڲͬĵص㣬յͼϵָʾƬս
ѧˣ˶׼ֱӷйȥҪᴩػſԣΪס
⣬ɱҲǿ˵һ֣˹սԵ֮غԺϻ˵ջԴ˵ʵ
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飡
ҶһҰ޵Դȡһö޺ˣɫĹâ˸漴ͷ޵ʬսһռС
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ҶͷҲڵ⣬˵ԺҪԵΣվ͸ˡ
ɲô˵ҲôһţȻԺѡΪ˵ĵص㣬;Բеġ
ܿ죬ҶͰǱٴγһʲôǿǰǱǰԤҶһйȥ
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һͷͭ񲻹ʥ̥ڵʵѣȴͭƤǣǿǧֻһ𣬾ͨǿҲֻĶӡ
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ս˲ʮ֮һʱ䣬ҶǱˣ̫ͭ࣬ʵҲɱʤɱǸǲҲ̶ãͬͭƤǣ廹ǲܺҶȣץĻѪ졣
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1337 ۴
̵ΣŰˬǰɣ
ǳ׷ˣϵͭȦâͭһƬչ˿µս

Ҷˣû뵽ڰǵھȻӡһ鱦ͭȦһǳǿ鱦пΪģֲ

ͭ񱻴˸ֲʱҶϾȳ˵Щë̫ѶԸˡ
˵꣬Ҷչ׷ǲһһͭķгȥ
ҲսȻʵûҶϵ£ҪԸЩͭȻҪصĴۡ
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ҶͰСĵıܿޣϢǰȥ
תʮȥˣҶͰǾ˴СٳսɱʮͷޣҲüǿ¼ٵ׷ǲƬܲˡ
Ժѧʵ̫̬ˣһ˿϶޷Ҷһ߸·һ߸п
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Ҳ̫ͣǿˣã϶ĳعԼޣһЩǿ޶ɽٻˡ
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ʯҰʯҲһǿһӳնˣӲ˵ĹѪһʢ졣

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Ҷ۾˲˵ȷĳԶˣ
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飡
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Ҷİƺ侪İƺݺײһ𣬱۵âΧĿռ䶼ȥ

侪ҽһٱˣŵؿԼѪƣֿҶӿޱߵ𾪡

ʯҰòҧԼͷ侪ǿģû뵽һ֮¾ȻҶơҶֻǿ
ܣԲܣ
侪첻һУԼϴѾǳǿ󣬾ȻҶһƣôأ
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γ־޹侪쳹ŭˣһΪȭٴҶȥҵȭâʵʣݺҶǰײȥ




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ۡ
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˵һֻ־Խѹ侪ۣһҶ߹
ȷǿԶԶҵĶ֣ܽȥҾһ̸ʧͷҵˣ
侪ɨһԶİǣҶͨ뺡

ҰʯҰʯͷ߹Ц侪죬Ϊۼǿˣǿ˲ݣб¾ͺҶֵͬһս𣿡
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侪һ˵侪£ƾ⣬κ˶޷ҵ־
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侪챩˳ȥʮԶޱȵؿԼʧ֣ŵĴеܣҵǿģû˱ҵǿ
˵䣬侪ӿ³ŽɫĹâһɲǣԼԴɲǼһֱۡ
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侪˿屻˽ԼҪʩչΪ㹻ģʽһûֵܵΨһпܺԼľֻͬǵǿ죬ϧڵԺһѧԺ
Ҳ侪ѡҪԺ֮дս죬ʽȭǿ
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ۡ
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1340 ִս
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һӺʯҰһԶè۷޷޵һԹԹģ
ڴĶԿУҶŰˣŰúܲңûмܵѹűһ٣۱˸࣬ڻûȥأ
Ҫдд裿ҶЦŵ٩
ˣɲٱŰˣʯҰһ˵ǣϵƣ۵졣

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ҶջǺ޵ģб㴫㣬ƽǿѪ̺޾ʥɢŹâʿ˵Ǵ֮
ˣһ飡
ûʮ죬Ǳ㰴Ͳסˣˮһأ鶼̵ˡ
ҶֱӴӴȡһ⣬ôצӽסԵð죬û͸Ҳ˿ں
գҶֵܣǴ£ʯҰһ߳һҶ׽
ʲô£
ҶؿʯҰһۣʵͽҰʵһ㶼Ұ෴ǳ͵İϻԼɲϵ
ǸѧԺ֮ܲܺסһ𣿡
ʯҰЦǿҶ߳ĳգֻҪҶ϶ܳԺõģΪڸ֮ȻҪȺҶùϵ
ԣ
ҶȻʧЦΪʲôҪأԭҪȻܾܾ
˵ˣʯҰһߣһµĻһԼûʲôıʯҰͬ񱳾ģʱܽƣֶΪ
òͽҶʯҰ˽ͼһ£ֻɱޣۼǰ
Ϊֲ֣ˣǱҶһԴǱʯҰһҶ˼ǣȫ˿Ϸˡ
˵ʵҲеߣɱޣѵûʲô뷨𣿡
ϾʱʯҰʵǳƵ飬˵֮䣬ìܺ˵ǰս嶼ʧأ˫˵ԹѾãΪеߣҲһԱôĿɱޣ
ҸЩᲢۣôܸȣ˻ãһҲں
ˣӵģ԰ɣʯҰһӡ
ƾͷԣҺѸ˵ףǸʯҰһףҡڵ߿ˡ
㡭
ʯҰף˰ݣҲûκΰǡ
ͷļһ൱ɵרҧƨɣ˭ܵˣ
ȻǿᣬҲ볢Աҧƨɵζ
ҶκãڣͭһսĳЩӡˣʵøǿҲǿʯҰκβ
һʲôǿǰǰԤҶʯҰ˱ܿͨкڵޣƵС
һ·ɱһ·սҶʯҰ˲֪ɱ˶ޣѵǰУʮӽ˹սһɲҵɱ֮ӭ
Ѿû赲ˣƬսƺĳصĽƣκʿ޷Уֻͽǰ
çɽֺ͹ս֮һƬխмشҶʯҰŰǸϵʱѾʮˣԸſһѪȾս£Ծ˲ҵɱ֮Ÿϵ
ҶҲһЩ¶˲ɫǿҶʥ̥ڵʿѣôΪЩͨŻûиϵء
ڿҶߵʯҰ֮Щ˱ȻˡʯҰǿЩ˶֪
ԺرգʱʱһƽŵǿˣǿдԺһҶһȻܹȻĽ
û뵽СӾȻʯҰ˵ĴȣҲ˵
еûʯҰĻͳ;Щ޿еѪʳˡ
ûһʥ̥ڵ϶ѣ˵ͨޣʥ̥еߣǶ֡
˵֪ҶĵһҶֻʥ̥ڵΪ֮ǰ侪һΪûˡɽϻӳƴ
ۿŴһЩȴû֪ͣҶǿӶǿնɱˣһͨڵʿδĶ֡
˵ҶǿʯҰŰȫĸǳƾҶԼܹο߻һߵڣ
֮⣬侪ڳ鴤
һ̣ˣʥ̥ҲδҶĶ֣
ҶʯҰƬխ֮󣬲ûкЩΪһ壬Ϊ໥֮䲢ϤȻԺпͬԺӣڻǣҪ
ܿ죬ҶʯҰһطϥ۹۱ǣǹģ붨Ȼ˵
װûͦģ
һɫɨҶһۣС˵
ȻС˶ˣʮԶҶҲˣ΢΢ۣһ£ٴαֱۣӽӵˡ
ȷ䣬Χͨţ൱ѹҪ콫
𲽾ͱȱ˺ܶ࣬Ҫȱ˸Ŭӭͷϣܹ͵ǿһ̣
ȭ죬ҶʺҲһʽѣǶǣûȫȭӳ
ԣҪȭһЩһл㾲䣬ȭ⡣




1341 Ҵս
ҶûԼɫһ˺͵طȥˡ
Сӽ壬Ƕ򱱲ϼҵǿˣʮͻͨΪǧܳţԸ̫
ʯҰҶĿŵݺԸ
˭ֻҪҾУҶ˵

ʯҰЦһҶ̫˽ˣݵĵһ壬ҵǿҲײĲ۵ĻԻԲ˶ߣ
ϵĴ󲿷ǶԸ壬ʥص콾־ϴ֮·ţҲҪΪһʥӣҲи׷ٵȥˡ
ش˲ӣÿ춼˸Щˣǿ֧ŵ͵ˡ
󲿷ѪȾۣͷ϶ǸɺԵѪһɴ̱ǵѪζΧ
Щһ˫Ϭ絶ÿ˶ǳǿʢѪ󣬾Ͷ㶼һߵķ緶
ʮȥˣһʮŵִƬۼأÿ˶һʱ壬δʥ
ȿȡˣﲻģ
ʮһ죬ԺĸԺ½Ϲֳڴǰһ˴״̬оѡ
ɨһˣԺЦеĵãܺãǺģδˣ
Ժ˵ҶɵһüͷѵʲôҪ
ǶƬսҲжˣԺһʦзֵģԺ߻ܣ֮⣬ֻ֪ط
Ժɫ˵Ժ˺һЩǰƲ⣬Ϲ䣬ʿսս徫Ӣͷ­ѪŻİƽǲӦһУ
˵ţԺƬսȥҶһţ費ĸҶһԲ
ûʲôȨֳĬõ̬ȡ
ţ
һսҶܵһɲҵɱϢȥĿģɽݻ٣ؿѣĵһƬĵòȫսıˡ
һЩɭɭ׹ǣЩѾȫ绯ˣ΢ܵһЩ𶯱˹Ƿۣʧϡ
ЩУҶ˺ܶʬǣеĻдһЩ΢еľӨ񣬸꣬ЩʬǾȻеĻǳӲɼЩʬǰǶôǿĴڡ
ЩມԱ߻ɢŴ庡ǣЩĺǸѾûʲôΨһǻһЩ޵ںжһЩһЩ
⡭
ҶһüĿüͷ˴֣ڤһȻ˵ˣӦþսĵطҼļأǰΪƬصͳȨڶϲչһʷǰĴսһսʧأܶʥض˴УڵһЩʥضЩʥʧ֮ġ
֣ܲϸһ¾ô£Աһѯʵ
ͨ⼸ദҶѾ֪˺ܶ˵Ƕһǿˡ
Ϲ֤ɵ۵˻ʴۣ죬һʱǸ۵ʱ˶ʢʱڣˡ
˵˻ʴΪ˾޴ĹͣҲ޾Ĵ˵ʧ֮۲ġ
һоԶļ壬֪һЩҲǺģܶ˶Ҫϸ˵˵֮ⳡս
֪ⳡսľԺѯʵ
룡
ͬĴսȻǳңǵȻ֪
ãʩչֵս龰
˵ţԺ½Ϲɫ˫ֻһѲĺۼƺϣͻ䡣
׷Դ棬֣
Ժһǰһ㱣·뵽þ֮һ侳ܹܵɽۻȭ۵â鱦ա
һҽвϵĳ˵񣬺ܶ˶΢΢˫ۿնȫƬԭĴսˡ
ҶҲһеֹɱĳȱ˺ܶȥ
չþֵʱҶ֪׷ԴԼֻþΪơ
һ˲䣬Ҷ·صϹ䣬һɲصĸоϮͷǰһǿߺĴƴ
ɱ
ǿֳһ˺ɫǹգһȥҲǳǿſ³һ챾ԴסǹһɫĴĥһǿѹ¡
ۣ
ǿƴȫֿԾɱһĳ࣬ڷ
ⲻƬӴսϵӰѣĲҾʱڷʥҲȵȣսޱȲҡ
ˣ
һ󴸺նһֱҳ⽴
һʥƤһѹ죬ɵ
ҰˣҪſս㣡
һ𣬳Ƭɽ뱻飬һڿնһ֣һɽֱһɽӴӡݺݵҰȥ
䣡
Ұ˻Ӷ󴸣ֱӽɽӴӡɳȥսһ𣬾Ͷ䶼е
Ҷ𶯣һʷʫĴսΪƬصĿȨձ˹ģĴս
ǿ䣬ҲҪԱʥ̥Լĵˣʿдһ׳ҵı衣
Ϊδɱѽ
Ϊɱ࣡
ǿߺĻ߹ͬս۷壬ǿΪδͷ­ѪսһѪش
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죡
һʥһԼʥ̥ɵһ죬ͻأĳ֣һ
ţһԼ鱦һ㣬ͻ˿ռ䣬ʥǰֱӽüĶ
飡
ʥҽһԴըڷΪڶʬеһҲҲˡ
߿֮ϣѪɣʬϱ۾һ˾塣
һԲҵĴսӢԼѪ⣬Ϊδһׯ
ҶҲһĻĻޱȵ龰ܶǿߣ͵ͬھģԼȡⳡսʤ
ղϵı򴩣۱ˣѹţһ˼һ߶Ƕôֲĳ
Ȼ
Ҳе۱ֵס۱սڼ뵽ⳡδеĴս֮С
ܶչصĻʯҲ׷߳Լȣƴǿвܴ
һս˼£ǿ߼ȫսˣܶ󲿷ǿ߶ⳡսС
ѪƯ֣ʬɽ
Ѿʺĳǿ䣬ѪѾ۳˱ڵѪӣʬһһ㣬ǿߵʬʬ彻һ𣬸ͷֱ治ˡ
ʮȫⳡŴս֮Уᣬҧгݣ鲻һ
ҶҲȾˣһĻĻŭڣ޲ðԼǸʱҲȥҲҪ帶صĴۣ
ΨаɫЩȻô˵ޣһ֣Ѫģ޷ı䡣
龰Ҳֻڣ˵ʵڵģƽȴҲ֪Լ޷ơ
壬ᱬһսʱ򣬿»ⳡӲңһۡ
Ψдۣѹ壡
û˸ڴǰը̣ȻᱻɱʲôҲ¡




1342 սǰϦ
һսʤգ˫ʧ̫ǿߣһʱûǿߡ
ߣԼʥأɽӴ˲ٳҲԪˣܶʥصʥʥӣ̫ϳ϶սˣһʥض˴С
һĻĻ˶ˣ֪ƬǶôļѡ
Щ˷ŭˣ
Ҫū壬˶Ӧģ
һ̣Ǻ޲ɱʥأȫɱΪЩǰǱΪɨв
ҶҲĸжˣЩǿ߸ߺΪδɱѪڣսǰδеĸǡ
ܿ죬þʧˣٴλصʵУٿЩĺǣ̲סӯʯҰڹսҵԼϵӰӣȦ죬ˮ
أת۳ɿգȥһУ廳Ͼţ߷ֻܷԼǿʸ˵ʲôƽ壬Ϊȥһ󻼵Ļ
޸
˵һ̣Լ·ûжɱһЩޡ
ͷҲޣеߣһҪɱ
ʱע⵽һֱ費İǣʱҪƤǡ
ëɣЩ岻ͬˣԲܰѱҲͨޡдʡ
˭ýȥĻ
˷׷ĦȭƣѾ鱦׼ʱ֡
СӰæ
ۺһȷˣֱӽһʿҧһڡ
ȻǷı죬ϣ
һЩߵֱӼԼ鱦ϴȥ
飡
ҶӶϽɫȭͷֱӽһ鱦ˣ
ţǾԲģ
οദѾܳһʱˣһһǾһѳΪѡκ裬Ϊ˺ΪҲϧ
ϰף㣡
ʯҰҲӶеʯһ
ʯǰκ鱦ס͵һ
Ҳ
Ҳˣһӡֱӽһ齣ˡ
ǺйᣬΪһԱһϣ⼸ȫɱԾ󻼣˽Ҷ˺Ͱһͬɱ
ס֣
ԺԺһϺȣ˶죬ðɿˣɨһ˵лѾõѣʲô
ⷬϣʱ˶ˣһ˪ӡ
ȻвҲҺ͸Ժۣһʥ̫ϳϵǿߣŭһָͷҲ׽ɱ
˶һˣԺһŵΪô׶ԸôɱĻȵλۣͽɱˡ
˵Ժ̾˿Ǽס壬Ҫһսɱ⣬ⳡսĵλ
꣬սԪˣΪ˲̫ǰ˵ǩ˺ƽЭ飬껥˶һЩ޵ıҲɱޣ
˼λۣȴڸԭδȫĨɱҲǿ
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һ˵һʥأҲи弴֮ƥеǿ߳ĻΣӣ
ԭŶĵĹ涨һӢۣһǿ߲òָԤ֮£Ĺͬˡ
ҲԺԺԳֶԸҶʱԭ򡪡ҶʺǱǾѵģܻԼУ
һϴ֮·ģ
аģԼǸڼȵĸۡ
ⳡ𾪵ͬʱǽһνͬˮ𣬻һƽЭ鵽ڣؽߵʱ粻ѹ壬½һ龰ˡ
ܹԺģȻǾž޵ţÿ˶ߣΪڵǿˣʥأϴڵʥӡ
ԺԺͬҲһǿߣȴ֮棬£꣬ʮ꣬Ȼ޷ĵʵ
սУЩһĦȭƣԼϵĵӳأشԼǿغδ
ЩԾԾԵӣҶǳƽûκαʾ
ܷ֤˵Ϊʱ̫磬ΨмᶨߺÿһǿԼпڽĴսбס
ΪԼһߴϵĿȻûĿ̫ײ޴ѹҶԼ趨ʲôĿ꣬ΨһҪľŬǿøǿΪϸõĻȥҲΪ˽ܹһػصҽ
飬иһУֻѰԼĸףȻԼŮˣ
Ϊǿ߲˵˵ģԺȻԺֻյǿ˺͸ʥصʥӣͬշǵǿˣʥصʥӣɵɢޣĴһģ޷ͨ飬ֻ˵ǲ㣬ģȥ
ԺĿ磬ɨˣĿ£ʥӣǿˣһݡ
Ƭս̺ŴԵвȱʥ鱦һЩɲģжĻԵһжҪǸ˵ĻԵʮһһѧԺʦǰͨĿǰϸͨı
Ժλֱ֮ڿնգۼʧʣ°͵һء
ĳؽƣͨʥ̥ǿ߶޷УѹƵĺԺȴɷˣĽƸӰ첻
߰ɣȥѰһԵ
߹ʯҰҶһͣǾУıΪָ
һƬ嫵սʯͿݹ֮⣬ֻһߵĻɳܶͷҲ˻ɳ档
Χʮﶼǹľ֣дУΨһƬĲë֮أԵø졣
ߣбɳ棬ˣڣ
ڳ˹ͷʦС˺ҰʯҰ˵˿ʹá
ž
˶û˵ֱһƽĻɳɳȥһƬɳǰһӣг˰׹֮⻹ǰ׹ǣëû
ëҲûһ㲻ںҰɣһɻǿȥ
Ƹëߣڣ϶б
Ѱⷽ棬Ȩɵú˲ţߣ첲ӣڡ
ʲô
ҶԣҲһš




1343 ٣
Ƭ֮󣬺˴һѿݹѰһƬѺ۵ĽɫͷȥͷǹǣȻѾѣȴƻá
ǾʥĴͷǹǣϧѾˣƼӼĻܼһ鱦˽֮ȡУһ̾
ҵģ
˲ע⣬ͻȻһڴӺнƬͷǹˣֵôֵӡ
ǣҲ̫̰˰ɣڳģ
ҷֵģдʡ

һ뵽ǹͷѾʧòˣû
һǼ·
Ƭսʮǿϡһ˿ۣ
˶ѰԼĻԵеѰҶеǺҶһѰұ
Ҷȣ˵ջٵÿˣϾǵı˫ǶԱֱͨˡ
ϰף֪һͷǵĻ滳ǲһͷզôأ˵٩
أ
ɫƵضźˣϰԵĺһ˵Сˣ˵ע㣬˵

°Ǹģ⼸Ѿ˽ͷǶô޳ܺͿֲҶǿޱȵκβԼȻһأǿȴԶԶ봥ùͷ
һ죬ڰ£ջķᡣ
˵õһƵعҲȻѾϣԽɺԣõԻͨʿͷȥ
ʯҰõ˰ؼӲޱȵĴȹǣݰ˵ǽﻯ֮ĴȹǣıԴԲûȫٵ
ܹȹʯĻܹʯƷʺ
ʯҰĽܣҶҲ֪ʯҰеʯһ鱦ʹùһڴɱһȥǿҲס
ҶȻûеõʲôջȴģΪһƬɷĵطˣԼɷȭȭȭںһγԼȭĳΡ
ԴӶ֮Ҷһֱ˼ɷȭʦԴȭΪܵعƣ޷ɱս޷似ȣȴҲ侫ڡ
ȡ侫ȥɣҶвϵɷȭеɷȭеİȭеƽͺȻеϢһ
֮Ҷľ粢ûȴʵһΪʶ
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ƾʲô㣿
۾ʱˣһˣ̫߳ˣȻ˸Сǻˡ

ʯҰֱӣȴĴֽ˰˵
ҶɨΧһۣв߿еǿ־ͷŭеֻ
ҶһŰ˫ڵ˲ٱۺ첻ˣ˿̼鷳ʱΧ˹
Ѿ˼вƵҲɢ񻪵ʥǡǡƬȵȡ
ЩҶʱףǿѰıεȡᡣ
ǰ˲ʮ߰ӣΪȴѾﵽͨڣеš
˱ʯҰ֮󵱳ǾҲ裿
Ҷ˸ûֱӽӣսѰһԵͱûĥߴ
ԽǽӽսģѹƵԽҶоȫʥӡһ㣬޷ֺ
ôߡͬ𣿡
һȣһҶץȥֺֿݣ˺֣ҪֱӷϵҶһֻ֡

Ҷɫһ䣬㷴ץסһֱӽ˦߰Զͨһˤڵϡ
˲ҽһĵضƨϲһҰ׵߹ǡ
ջˣ
˺ʯҰĿɿڴôЦ
ۣ
Χ۵Ҳ̿
˰²ƨϵĹͷ߳ŭеһ֣ҷ㣡
ʱ˴Զ߱Χ۵ɫ䣬ΪҶһѺ⼸˿ûһƲ磬Ǻǵġ
ҲŸֱԲԼѰģǴӱС衱ġ
˸ϵһķλռλãʮ߰ǿγƣҶ˺ͰǰΧм䡣
缸ãǵѵһأ
ͷ˾ջ߳ŭ˵÷ǵΪˣҿʲôͨ飡
Ҷ̾ԭΪԺһƬû뵽طûʲô𣬹Ȼ˵ĵطнҲס
˵仰Ҷ㲻ڶ˵ʲôֱǰȥ·ûнƷһ
ÿ񣡡
һһӭһҶϳȥҪһ

ҶףһȣϽɫĴƻӹȥݺݳ˵ϡ
ž
һ죬˱Ҷһԭת˰ȦѪ˦׵ϸߣһԵڵϡ
⻹ҶĽԽԷͷ­鱬
㾹ȻҴң
˱ˣӵ֮ŷӦŵĿҶôҲԼȻ⧲±һ粻Լ˸ˡ
ǶԺѧԱԺѾ˵ˣ˭Ҳ˭⣬ԼͬѧҪһ֮ͬ𣿼ֱǷѵҶϣ˵ſڽࡣ
ʯҰҲЦ˵ûǻûʽԺأǾ͸ˣǵѵǻ䱾
ָݣȴİ⣬һһߵֱӳɳȥ
طаԣѹƵĺ˵ˣתޱȼѣǿϬ
ӵˣôôҵĶҲǸʲôģ
ҶʯҰ˴չС˶ʱһȣͬһǰһųȥ
ž
໡
ȻҶʯҰǿסˣϾҲţڣͺ˶һƣ۵ĺ˲ҽһͷˡ
ͬܣôҲǾŴ󺷷˵ĺС˵ĳƺţʵͨʥӡ
飡
ҶһǱȳȥֱӽųĺɳȥпѪһ˫Ѫģ㱻ֱӷϵ

ʣµɫ䣬֪ˣҶʯҰ˵սǵԤϣǿףѹƵĵطսʤ
߾𣿡
Ҷչ׷ǲʱԽˣҿһһֱӽǳ鷭ڵϡ
ǵıҿǵıﹱ׳ɡ
С˺ֱӶ֣Ҷһɨɵǿѹ˸ɾռûŹ
еȻǣȻҲǣ
ʯҰ۾һŴӶһ˵ĺ׾һӣֱӽ˴÷ۣˬػ˹ȥ
أ
ǶᱦΪóצֱӽһذڵϣɭɭݾ˵ʺŵһҶƾǽѹ˸⡣
Ҷ֣գۼֻʣһͷˣǸŮʿĻͷʣ¡
˻
Χ۵˷׷׵Ŀɿڴһ̫ײˣҪ֪ܹͨػûһߣȴ޻֮
ǸҶģ͵һͿȻֻʥ̥ڣȿ£ͨڵǿ߸ĲӬһ
ãЩ̫ˣű˳㲻һԼͬѧϺݲˣ
ԶΧ۵˸оЩ˷裬Ҳǿ衱ǵı͸ñ˽ѵ

ᣬҶһЩȴӣǵûдٳɣǸˣ˭˵ȥ
ٵķñٵ˸ˣ𣿡
˺޲ͷײأ˶ˣЩ̫ˣֻǣֱǡǹë޲ǵĿöߣ




1344 
˲Сĺ䶯ڶŶʶһص⡣
ѹƵĹطǧҶҰһǿʹñǿ޸ֲ
һΣҶջķᣬѹεٵıԳƵһδա
ǰǣѹ˵ıﻹ㣬ʯҰͺ˲ע⣬˼ֵôӲֵףζЦѡ
ͬʱԶսĵһطҶԵںһ˵ʲôĿɨҶߣ¶Ĺâ
ҶСӹȻЩŹ֣Ȼǿ󣬼ֱ˼顭
ˣҲȥ̽ˣû뵽ٵĺӾȻС˵
ôͺųһŵǺѣ˵ôһʥ̥ڵôȤأ
Ȼ漴һЦ磬Ҳˡ
ǧҪСӵʵȻֻһ㣬һѾǷëǵĴˣȴҶɼʵʵ϶Զֹģֻϧʵ̫ȻûܱƳҶʵս
ɨҶһһۣ˵쿼˵ʦͻᵽ֮ǰҪȥҶģҵϽٱ档
˵꣬Զȥܿʧˡ
׹ҶڵĵطһۣһߣҲ뿪ˡ
Ƭս̫ˣҶȻѾ뵽սĵشĺĵشкԶҶ˺Ͱȴټˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Խ룬ƱԽҶʯҰ˻ûʲôоʱ򣬺˱Щܲˣоһּǿѹٽļޣǰһпܻᵱը
һǳõڣֻܹͻƵĻֱǾ˵ġҶú˾͵ؼĴĥ
ðɣô̬ʣǾ÷ǳ
ԣҶ˵Լܳܵļͣ½ŲȫһԿشƣĥ
ҶʯҰͬǼǰУҪԼļ
ò˵ǾǸ࣬ǿĲ񻰣ʼܹҶߣشѹ
ǰףʯҰЩסˣҶҲо˾޴ѹ·һ̫ɽѹһÿһҪ޴Ŭ
Ҷӣˣǰˡ
ʯҰ˵˶ˣ죬·մˮ̳һ
аɣҪҵļ
ҶοʯҰһżѵĲӼǰС
ಽĸ󣬿ʯҰӶԲˣͷǵҲ̫̬˰ɣȻԼҪǿֱ˼飡
һ
Ҷһǰ߲Ҳ޷ǰˣı˾޴ѹˣҲܵ˼ѹ
ҲԱͣ޴ĺ
ҲȫԿشƵѹ
ʥɺԣʥ̥ţ綬һ㣬ʮѨеʥ̥ӰҲȫ۾
Уÿһϸ˾޴ѹǿٽѹһǿ
ҶûжʲôҲûûûи򣬽Կܹɽѹشơ
ʢѪںѪҺٶȼӿʮȫˣһЩƽﲻĵطȫλѹҲ𽥻Ծ
һΣյвпٲľأȴûֹûгָ㣬ĬĬعעһС
شƵѹ£Ҷ¯һ㣬з޴ĺС
𽥵ģҶʼԿֲֿ٣˳ȻȻֿ˶ľء
ֹ已̥ʥ̥Ȿһ漣ϵ̫ˡ
ҶĿǰ˽Ĵ󾳽˵ͲʿŶ㲻ϡ
ΨнҺתΪԪţžѡ
ԪۣΪʥ̥ڵʥ̥ԪתΪʥҡ
ʥ̥ؼԪͨʥ̥תΪ̥ͨ
ⲽأ֮ͨͨؼصԪ
֮ͨϵĿǰҶӴҲһ֮ﵽǳֲˣһִɱĴȨԼڣԼϵ
ϵ߾Ҷ󾿾жֲһһп¶һ
һ㶼¶档
ҶɣֻЩ̫ŴĹϼߵ壬ϴڣʥĻʯһиԴİ벽߾ͷǳǿˡ
ҶֵͬʱǺʯҰͬڼ֣һ̥ǰı仯ֻҪܹȻо޴ջ
ܶʿ̫룬ǵԶûҶʯҰֲԶ޷ǰˣܶ˶ֹںǸΧ֮⡣
һĪĻԵʿһ˲ͨܶԭ벻ͨѧӶéٿȻͨ
˿̵Ҷһľ֮Уǰ·һԼڲݻȭÿһÿһʽ֮ζɶȭ˺ܶࡣ
ȭֻ࣬оʽÿһʽо춯صһȭǳŲ·ƶһһ㡣
Ҷ𾪣Ǵ似оɵ
ܹӵд۵ʵһȭܺһ磡
ȭ֮⣬ҶҲڸ
ϣ֤ɵ۵߶ıڴȭʱҲеһЩ֮仹ĳϵġ
ҶڸȭͬʱҲڸıͨ͸޹Ͼ
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˵ȭһֻӶΰĸȭĻôǰԾµ
Ҷĺֻ̫̬ˣȻܹսôԶﴸԼҪԼɾ鱦𣿡
һЩǾĿɿڴǶԸţЩС߳ģϾԲڸʥصʥӡ
Ȼ
ҲôԶ
ϾǶûộͨѹƵ¸ͿסشƵѹûȿҶᱻشѹˡ
ʱھҶʮĵطһŶž޴ѹżᶨĲһսȥ
ǲȻֲǺҲ˿ֲ
˵ʱԹһöѣ
˼ңڿǣ˱˵ȻӰ
Ҳ뵽ս壬ΧһЩʿ̲ס׷׸п
ܿ죬뵽Ҷλã죬˫Ĺâޱȼѵٴǰͣ




1345 ˹
˹սģǰһҪ޴ĴۣǱ߾ǿһֻѹһҪ޷ѹ
ıľ˲ˣ
ȻܹԺ¼ȡĶʵʥӵţвģе
һȻֻʮǳÿһǾ޳ɱӱš
˶ڰнϾ˭Ҳ󣬶ڿӱΪҫǿǡ
ҶǼ̼ܶʿʼս򿿽ֱԼ޷֧Ųͣشĥ
ЩУҶǿȲԼһ˱һ޳ڷ磬һ˫˸ǻ۵ĹâЦݺ⡣
ͨ˵ۣҶ֪룬һкĵһˣʵɲ⡣
Ҫ˰벽ֻ£һʿͱشѹˣȴ𾪡
ߣǿ㲻ʲôⱲӶ߳ƬսھʵǰԾϣ޺޵˵
ԶûҶǿʯҰûȣҲͱȺ˶һѣҶȻôԶɵ÷߷߲ѡ
ܳܵٽ㣬ÿ˶Ƕ꣬ڶŲòһܹѹشƣÿÿ붼ʹм尾
ʱѰұѾҪˣڷһĵط֮ÿ˶Ҫһ
˵ϵһĻôʥеˮǻȡЩˮ似ǺʹЩˮķ
һжĳɾͣȡҲܹɶˮɵԽ࣬ʵԽǿ
Խǿ󣬿ɵʥԽ࣬ÿ磬ʿǶʥϴԼԵʣֻǿ󣬲֮·ߵĸԶ
Ҷɳڶ֮УܶǶǵѧȻͨȭ͸ˡ
ţҲͻͽ̶һҶоԼ˼ڤ룬򼸸µջҪ
ʵһвˮɶѣ֮ǰԼҪûзɹÿʱÿ̶ڸȭͶ似˷ǳ̵򣬴˿̲ǽԼͨ˶ѡ
ڳ׶ȭİ֮Ҷп似ȷӰӣʹõĻܾ졣
Ȼֻоʽÿһʽоΰһǰƣܹһȭ⣬Ҷľ
Ŀǰʵ˵ܴȭͲˣмȭ̫ûдﵽ۷֮ǰ޷
ȭȭľڣǰȭҪǿҪ߾ȫ
Ӷ״̬˳Ҷ֣ԼѾһʵı仯Ƭս̫ǿߺĴشƼֲ
ҶãĽźܶ๲ֻ֮ͬĽѾһЩҩҩɷ죬ȫǻĲë֮ء
սϻɳڴʯͷ绯Ĳйǣǵϣɭɭ
Щ죬ҶѾϰˣܶ˺ֻǴδγ
սǧӢ꣬Ļûܹ߳Ƭս
һʱܿ͹ȥˣ˶ûжȫѵõĵطԼ塣
ڶһ磬ϼƬսһ⣬ȥԾɸһɭɭĸо
ϾһսһսսûЩоĻˡ
̫һӰԶ˹ս֮Ӱ㽵
˼ϣ׼ܿˣ
սϿմһ仰ףڳÿ˵Ķڡ
Ժ𿼺˵ʦˣΧһЩʿ׷˳׼һ£ҲҪָһʵȥμӿˣȥĻ׼ͨˡ
߰ɣ׼ȥˣϣ̫ˡ
кҶһѵŲŲһȥ
֪ˣ
ʯҰĴӦһһ壬ʱһ
Ȼֻ˲һʱ䣬ʯҰǾԼջ񣬱ڵﻹҪġ
ʯҰԶϲ壬λһƬ֮صģѪǿǿ˼㣬Ƥ񣬿ǿ嶼ԲΪ
ѾûʲôܹٴԼˣû뵽ƬĹսٴδһǿˡ
Ҷʱǰûһ֮ǰıѾ׵ˣ𾪡
ǿɱﵣûеκʥ£ܹﵽһѾǳѵˣ̫¶Լʵ
һе͵£
ҶԼѾݵҺ͵ңˣ򼴱ԺҲ϶Լ
߳սģҶоһع飬ָо쳤ХǿٴβȫʥҲʼˡ
ˣ
Ҷȭһ⻹ûжʥĽʥĻȻǿ
ܹﵽһʥ̥һ粻˵ߣǰ޹ˡ
ܿ죬ҶսΧʥɱѹƵ൱޷Уֻͽǰ
ҶֵܣôôǿѵҲһʲôɣʯҰɻҶʵ
Ҷ𾪣
Ҫ֪Ѫ֮ǿǿҶͨͣȴҪǿ
ҶǿҲˣϾˣҲûʲôѪһͷǶǿɱ˷޷޲ƽһͷǶߵԶĶ˵ȥ
츳һССĺܱȵģ൱Ը˵Ļú
һ߽Ŵʱĵøдһۼȥ
ÿ˵ĸоǲͬģͬǣջ񶼷ǳܹõֻĻ벻ǿѡ
ۼصʱѾϵˣԺʦһ޴̨̻ŷƣ˸ŹâһͲǷ
ǽƣǸǿߴս׼ս̨
ǶƷǳоһ֮±̨֪ϵǸʲôõģ±ķʽҶ˵һ¡
ѵҪ
ҶڶԱִˣμӹεıһɲķʽѾˡ
ӦòǣôܿһǷϸأı̫ˡҡͷ˵ΪǱ
Ը˰ɣ
Ҷû˵վȺıԵȴϽʦ˵Ĺ
ԺʦʮңƺմߣҶ֪һЩǿʿ˵ϻͯഺפ̫ѵ顣
ʦȻʮңʵ֪ˡ
ʱʦս̨ɨһˣ˵ҾεĿ٣ܷ˳ԺѧϰͿܾܲһˡ
ţ
ʦĻ̨˷׷һʵǰβһأ˵ľʲô
ܼ򵥣ͬ£սʤңأ˺ϸ񣬾Ϳ뿪ǰԺ
վ̨ϣʦ𸴡




1346 һͨˣ
ԭ
ԣ׷ԾԾԣܹһеţͬǶΪԼ䡣

˵һĿս̨ת̨˵λ˼ռˣ
ܶŷ׷׸еźԼûжñ˽ȵˣԼǲҲܵһ뿪أ
һͨˣһҫ˭ȡ
ҲһЩüͷ
Ҷ֮һ
оһ˿Ծ˵ʦױܵĻⳡ˼ûʲôãпޡ
Ȼ
Ժߵʱȴ˵ֻͨʦĿ˲뿪ʽΪԺһԱô˾;Բôͨ
ǰҽеǰͽ̣
ʱ̨ϵеѾʼ׼սˣǽڱ죬һǿϢɢ
ţͨڣڶʮʵѾǳѵˣ
վ̨ϵʦ˵ţʩչԼľѹƵͨڵľ磬ͬս
ǰˣ
е֪ԷԲȳֵģҲϽʦȳ֣ȻͬսϾϽʦսḻ̫ˡ
꣡
е˫һһɵĳǹУҵĸ½յñˣֱһǹϽʦʺȥ
бؾȣ
еɲΪԼһǹܴϽʦǲܵģҪǱƵϽʦȡƣܽԼʵȫӳˡ
ৣ
ȻϽʦ˫ŲһܹеĻǹһǹϣǹ
ɱ
еʧɱƵһǹһǹвϽʦҪҵϵ̫Ҫʧɫ
ʵҪһػ
ǹӰУϽʦ̾ûǧֻ֣Ļ򵲣вŵɱһһ⡣
ȥɣ
ǹӰУϽʦһ߳еһڼͷֱӽս̨
ˣķڷ
еս̨֮վȣϽʦһ񣬶˵һĬĬȥˡ
еʧܺ˲ʶҪͬսʤλϽʦ̫ˣʵѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ԣ
ԥʱȥһˣҲһǿţҲͨڵΪǳȡ
вս֮ȥ˵ʲȻй֮Ҳʱѡϳˡ
ְɣ
Ͻʦһ۱㿴ŵľ磬ٵԼľˣֱ֡
ˣ
˴һһͷ˫һչ߰ףԴһӥһǣһʨӡ
ţ
Ҷе㷸ɵһʲôޣǰûм˵ǾͷҲ
ҶĹ̨Ѿǿֲ߳ˮԪͨʥ̥˫һȣս̨϶ʱκˣһѰѱϽʦȥ
ͨ仯ϽʦΧЩˮԪɵıܹͨͨڵǿնɱȷǳܹԽս
ҶϽʦһһ۲ôƽЩͨƵģаһЩģһ¡
ʱҶźȻ֣λϽʦȻʹõͨڵʵʵİѾۣ˷˿ÿһ̺
ϽʦȻҶаԱһԼҪսʤλϽʦǲܵģս̫ḻˣܹκι
飡
һ죬źرϽʦս̨ɻܡ
˷׷ǰսϣԼܹսϽʦΪһͨ˵ˡ
Ȼ
û⣬˶ûսʤϽʦȫм˲ˣֱ֮ҵطȥˡ
һűܣʣµԽԽˣҲԽԽûˡ
ʮϽʦֱǿֲ˼㣬ƫƫսܵŶоϽʦûԾѹˣʹõʵͬġ
ǵĴС֮ǰǶΪԼеţͬӦ޵еĲŶԣɶϽʦ֪ˣĵ
ȥӶûͱϽʦһſˣֻùԹԵ䡣
ʯҰֵʱ΢һЩջˣϽʦɾˣƲء
Сĵ㣡
ҶҪս̨ʱʯҰյС˵
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ҶҲûаգȻۿôೡսȴһ˵ķ֣ǾǣϽʦƺûʲô̶ʽ似˽олȻɣ
ǰָ̣
Ҷս̨һԼ״̬ѣûǰԻԼʥ̥
ʥ̥ڣ
ϽʦҶһۣԼľҲѹƵҶͬľ硣
ʥԿˣҪҪѹƵʥ̥ڰɣ
Ͻʦ֪ʥȻһЩԸռҶıˣ׼ٴѹһ¡
ˣͬսУҲϣΪҸ⡣Ҷ
ã־ְɣ
ϽʦĵͷȻҶʥ̥ڣȴһҲûӣܹʥ̥ڵΪվͷǳѵãȻй֮
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Ҷɫһ࣬˫ֹâһ׵ǹУɫǹ˸ŵâһ֮롣
ߵ׵ǹ
ϽʦʱȻ֪ⲻһƷѣȴǳ֣֮ƷһҲ
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Ҷһչ߱ǹǹâ£ս̨Ͻʦȥ
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Ͻʦһ䣬˫âƣҶǹϣ죬һ㡣
ս̨̻صƵĻͲˣҶ˵ʵҲǳǿûƱȻϹսҲͱݻٵĲˡ
ƬսǲܻٵģΪսżͼ֤ϽʦŴһս̨
ܿ죬Ҷ߱ǹʩչˣ񱩵֮ս̨ϲâ˸
죡
Ҷһ׵ǹûǹâÿһܶһɽ籩һϽʦȥ
顭
Ͻʦһ˫ֲϵķסҶĹƣʱҪǲܵġ
ģҶľȻôǿѵܹһͬսϽʦɣ
̨սܵĻûп˵Ķˣû뵽ҶĹȻϽʦʱû˷
Ҷ̫ǿˣʥ̥ûĶ֡һЩ̲ס
׵ضǾãԼδܽӵҶĹȫԸʤԲϡ
ǰ𾪣ȻҶʥ̥ڣȴûм˸С
Сӵսôǿ󣿡
˫ĹâȻЩе⣬ȴûзϡ
ͬһս
ֻɵӲŻô
˵ҶǸϣһ̤ҲˣûҪͬս
ž
սӣҶе׵ǹᣬϽһǹɨںϣֱӴս̨δͨ
½˵̨սһͨˣȫ
Ҳ⣡




1347 ְʱ
ԺϽʦ̫ǿˣͬ£ѹЩνţûһмֳӵġ
ǳ
һ֮ӣͬ޵У˵ͬ磬ǿԽһСзҲпսʤ
Ȼ
˵ĵϽʦͬ½һһսܣһǳսʿʵҪ̫ˡ
һûô̬أ
ʱöǿ󣿡
Īԭǵǿ˲ɣ
սܵ˷׷ۣϽʦǿףҪսʤϽʦͨˣ»ǳѡ
쵽Ϊֹ˭ԸսҲ㣬ûеĻ͸Ϣȥɣúøڴܸһϲ
Ͻʦɨһۣ˵Ҳ٣ȻѧԺַʽˣȻеģǧûһѧԱܹڵһαͨ˵ģǻлᡣ
ǰ˵ǧûһѧԱܹڵһο˵ʱͨġ֪Ҫսܹͨˣһ̨ʵ
֪ǧļ¼Σʱиţսβͨ˿ˣսͬĿ١Ͻʦ
С
̲סһҲҪբβͨҲ̫˼˰ɣ
Լһܷ¼أ
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Ҷٴսڱƽٽĵطͣһ߶ԿشƵѹһ˼䣡
Ҳӵ¼٣ڲܷеĵطҲܿٸϵκһط
ʼոߣҶڶԼʱ򣬰Ҳڳž޴ѹš
ֶּ˵ôǾ޴ģҶҲˣǲǲܻΣҲǿסε٣ߵľǱ·ߡ
κޣһ̶֮󶼻һѡ߱·߻ǻζɽ٣ȥ塣
Ϊ˵ؼ漣ϱ޵ƣٶȿ˺ܶ࣬£ܶǿ޶ѡγˣǾҲϧ
ҲһЩΪԼǧһξͱסˣпҪͷ᲻ãֻ޵·ߡ
֮޵·ߣҪԭѡΣˣҪһˣ
һεʧ֮˶ʶԼʵĻҪͬսϽʦǲܵģһ춼ûٳԡ
Ҷ춼ûٻȥûܹʱͻͽӶսϽʦһء
ѹ£ҶʵȲøӼˣҲһЩھǲʥսҲͬСˡ
ʯҰͺ˲ûй֪ǽǿҲܶʱսϽʦͨ顣
Ҫͨ飬Ψһİ취սϵսսͻơ
Ϊʮλˣ˲ûóȻȥսܵѹƵĹսд衣
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1350 ۿ˵
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Ӹ߿ոҶȻ֣ѧԺλ÷ǳнȻȺɽ֮УΧȻʮɽֳѧԺ
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ԶǼӵݣ徲Ȼ֮УȻȻһ塣
Ҷ֪ΪºȻϵľ磬⼸ݵıȻֵĸˡ
ӣܲɣ
ҶۿΧµʱһƽ




1351 ׼ۣ
ţ
ҶѭȥֻԱ߶һϵߣǳͨûκǿӦеơ
Ժ
Ҷ˲µߵݣֻܹˣһǸԺ½Ϲ֣һԺ
ԺߴδʣȻҪԺˡ
ҶûԺԺȻһˣûκƣΨһ˫ޱȣֻɣһ˫ϤһеĻۡ
ѧԺ͵ѧԺӴѧ嶼ɵѣȻһҪ𶯵ǿ߾Ȼӡ
ҶԼϵܱˡԺԺǸȸʥҪǿľǿߣһԼڻô
Ҷ룡
Ѿû·ˣҶֻӲͷƤϣаԺԺĵ۱Ȥ
Ǽ۱ûãʵ̫ˣ۱ҲӲ
һᣬҶһģһݸǰһ񣬵ҶݼԺǰ
šţ
ԺԺ΢΢ͷʲôһһֱˣ˫ۼâҪҶһ㡣
ԭ
ԺһЦЦеضҶ˵֪ڵʲôİɣѾˣеǶñӲȤ
⣡
ҶһȻһ֪ԺѾԼȱ۱飬ҵռΪС
~
뵽ҶһԺ۱עĻ㷴ĻᶼûС
ʱҶʶе϶˿ľԺԺʵֲ̫ˣп۷壬׼ۣ
ս˵ɨҲࡪڴ۲׼۾޵еģ
˺ֲܿǳֲ
ʶҶ˵ڵûмܹĶ֣û뵽ѧԺȻһ׼۵ǿѹָ嶼ѧԺɵѡ
׼ۡ
ҶԺ˵һ£һµĻڣڴ۲Եʱߵˡ
Ǹд˵ˣȻܹͬʱõִС
ԺԺȻϣҶȴ˿Ҵ⣬վǰ棬һ仰Ҳ岻ϡ
ԺĬʱҲ֪˵ʲôãֳֻܱĬ
ΰĴ֮һҲһĴۣܹõĵ۱Ͽɣ˵ʲ
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ȻõǿĴУǵĵѵģÿһ˶ǾžޣѳһˣҪڽɾͣҪӱŬȱ˸ŬС
ԺԺ˵ߺ;ۣÿ˵ĴжͬСɣҶܹõ֣˵Ĵˡ
Ȼ
ǿУҶҪߵ·Ҳȱ˸Ӽѣ˵֤·ߵġ
ѧԺΪṩһԴȫߵһͿǸԵʺˡ
Ժ˵һЩԺеĹء
Ϊ˹ƽԺԴƾ»ȡһƾʵ˵ʵԽǿõԴԽ࣬ҲԽ졣
һַǳп̭ƣڽԺطЩ콾˵ΨƶȲܼǲս⣬ʱʱ̶̿ܵѹκи
ˮۣˣߵһƴ˭Ҳ˿иͻᱻˡ
мҪעһ£
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Ҷͷһʵûǿ㹻Ա֮ǰ۱ܱ¶ԼؽΪʸ֮ġ
ܾûĸоˣ
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ҶĬλԺԺǰоԼǳСվھǰһ㡣
ȻԸϣȷָоԺԺûչκʵһҶһָо
΢紵ɳɳ죬һжƽͣ
㿴ЩҶڷз裬Ƿ綯Ҷ˵ڶأԺԺǵĿ⿴Ҷ˵
綯񶯣Ķ
Ҷϸ˼⡣
֪λԺ˵ÿһ仰⣬Բ˵ġ
ţ
Ƭ̣Ҷһ𣬲˼ĿԺ˸񣬵ˣлǰָԽ򣡡
ӿɽҲ
Ժ΢΢ͷһ΢Цܹмѭ³ˣ޼Ѱѹܹõۺִеͬ
ȻˣֻҪ֣⣬мѭβ޼أҶ飬֪ԺָУ㿪ʵ
سʼΪһƬ磬һһһһȥֻҪһһȥмʲô仯˭⣿
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˵˵
Ҷԣ˵˵̺ԺԺľ羿ߵʲô̶ȣ
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ˣȥɣ
Ժһɽʯϣ㱼·ƬΪһһ
ǳûеңһֱʵʵĸҶԶûҿ
Ҷ֣ŰȻ뿪Ƭ͵һ¥ȥ
¥Ժı־ԽҲǸԺƽհ칫ĵطѧ֮⣬ƽֻһЩʦܹڡ
ѧûôϲԺӵĽ߳ˣ
ԶһЩѧԱҶԺӵĽ߳׷ײؿҶ
ǵļУԺݷǳأݵ˶ûУӵĵطѧԺ֮һһʦûʸ룬ҶһСѧԱȻ߳ܲ𾪣
ѵҶ
һЩ뵽Ժ֮ǰ˵Ļһ
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ҶСܣȻ㣡
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һޣɢȻַʥԣ˼һ㣬㲻մҶ
ⲻԺĴŮ֮һôһսѧԺʶһЩ˿Ҷӭȥʮ־ȡ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ֪ʥŮ۱ԪǵķֲҶСݣʶ֪Ļ˱ϡ
СǺùʺˣȻʥŮʶ
˲޵˵ҶĿгĽʺޣ




1352 ̵õ
ȻǵǿˣҲκһϴڡʥصˣλȴһҲǲ
۱鼰ÿһǳأ˵һɾԲݺӵʥصĵ̸ǿ
οһϸŮ
֮⣬òҲָģ
ݵλϻգΪԺвһĴŮ֮һĳƺţѧԺ׷ڡ
С߳ţǵǿˣһΪĵ£ӶϾ۱֦
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ȴκ˶ٴɫȻܿȴһ־ǧ֮ĸо
죬ȻҶкʱЩ׷һƬ
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ûĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬Ҷӭ飬㣬û뵽ôͼˣ
˵ţҶȻץסС֣һĻЩ׷˶ĺֱ㱬޲ýɱɳ
ҶֹŮɱбʵŮɱ
Ҳû뵽㾹Ȼܹôͨ˿ˣҴ˽ǧļ¼αͨ˿ˣǼ飬벻֪У
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Цչ˵ܵӦõģһʲô
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ҶԺʱ۾˰˶ȣЦеɨһۣ¡
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ҶҶ֪ˣӢ۳꣬Ȼεļ¼ΪһѿĿ
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ţ
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ҲòΪ㣬ŴĿ׵ķϣһＫƷʯɣԺһ˵ı顣
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ҶʱˣһＫƷʯѾ˵ʨӴſˣҪۡ
԰꣬ˣҸ˵һѧԺĸΪʲôôˣҶ㻹û̫࣡ԺһһʮĽѧԺĸҶһ顣
ԺѧԺȡѧԺʯеʯ⻹ϹǵȵȣշѾǹƽ

Ҷ鿴һۣĿѯǷҲôʯΪѧѡ
ѯʵĿ⣬һЦԸԺ˵Ժǰ㲻ôեѧԱɣȻȡʯҲѧԺ˹ףùֵȡģýѧѰ
Ϻꡭ
ô˵Ҷʱһϻ۸ѧԺĹأء

Ժһ죬ҡͷʲô°³ڹðɣͲɣ
ԺٿҶйâһһöУҶֺһƮݳǳ档
עһԺݱʶԺҶС
ҶͷüĹâһһϢ֮Уʱâţһ⼤ȥʧڿС
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֪䣬λѧԺһƬ㳡ڹ㳡һߴɵʯ⻬羵
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ҶͷѾ淢Լ֣һλԼһЩϢԺʱȵȡ
һȥҶڵʮλҵ֣ʱȲѣȻôߣɼʵ
ҶܵܣҪĽ㣬磬ϹֵߣȻǰЦ
ֵǾʲôҶʵ
ֵȻǶѧԺĹ׿ѧԺ񣬱ܹõӦĹֵѧԺÿ¶ᷢһЩѧԱȥɡ
ĽҶŪνĹֵʲô˵˾Ǹ˵Ļ֡
ѧԺʵԽǿΪѧԺĹԽ࣬õĻȻԽ࣬Ȼῼǰ
˵ɱɲļɣǵһԺԺ֮
ɱͨ飬ܹ¼ÿ˵ĹֵʵֵͨӣȷΣһɲġ
Ҷ˵йѧԺص飬ЩѧԱͲʲôܣǶҶ˵һжһİ档
Ժ崦أ˱ΪϲԺӵĵط֮⣬ĸطѧԺľ֮ء
ۺʵбΪ˼ľʮŲݣҲԺǿ֮߳ص԰
ѧԺÿѧԺԼõĶЩҲһɲģͨʵȥȡġ
ҶոձûԼĶסĵطһε⡣
СܵܣһķϣǿɣʱסڽĶУͷ͵ϴʲôġ
׽ؿҶһ˲Цݡ

ҶһͷߣǸһ̵õ壬ֻԶۣ£




1353 һ
ԺоԶһԺӵͨ쳹֮ܣԺĳԱھһЩ죬ǳƶ΢š
ѧԺоԹƽԴֻܿԼȡҪøõԴʵӲ֮⣬ҲҪѧԺеı֡
˵ԺÿһѧԱԺ֮ǰҪˣֻкϸ߲ܽѧԺѧϰ
ѧԺ֮󣬻ҪһѵĥȷѧԱľʵѵĥǳֲȵѵѧԺἰѵľ᲻
ѵϽһξʵĲԣ֮ǰ֮ؾ
֮ؾѧԺһǳĵطΪѧԱṩʯͬʱһǿߣϽ۵ָѧԱǰµһЩĵøȵȣѧԱǹĦ
˵֮ؾѧԺеĿеʥأܹһ֮⣬ѧԱҪٴν֮ؾҪѧԺףùֵȡ֮ؾʸʱ䡣
ֵÿѧԱ˵ޱȵĶֵܹȡ֮ؾԻȡһЩ似ҩ鱦ȵȸֱ
⣬˵Ժһƾۻ굤Ҫ֮һֻҪһ֦Ҷɡ
СҶȻĶͷһȣҲҪõ
˻ûлҶʱֻʱסĶպţѵصزܵΪԼҪȫ˲ܿ
ҶѧԺڵСĶȥյ͸һɫ¡
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ңĶŮԶȻҶˣ˯ŲŽмˣ
ǴҶɢǹеζԴһԺ
һᷢʲô˭Ҳұ֤




1354 
죬ҶĶбչأһЩ׼ѧԱ޵ȴһ취ҲûС
ҶСӣ
е֪ҶȻĿеŮ񹲶е뷨
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ĵľȽˣѧԺſڶ˸ˣƫƫ޷ȻͲҶҶ
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ǷǳĪԶʦжǿȻͬȾ磬սԶЩé®ëͷСܱȵġ
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˹ɢģĿľҪġ




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1357 ģʽ
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1358 ɱʤɱ
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Żһ𣬵ͷ̫үүѵǣСűŭɱ۾

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泤̾һӰʧˡ
ҾͲһӴԺѧԺдϣһѪ岽ĿʧЦ˵

Ƚľţһ䱸ҵļŵƨ뿪Ժ
ʱҶ˽þѾˣܶ˶þƴɱһǳʵһɱ졣
ѪڵϣƾѪˮԼ԰׵¶ɫΧһصʬ塣
˶ݵϢ֮⣬ɱʤɱԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿѾˣʥҩڵĻڿ¾Σˡ
ҲһѪۣͷѪˮȾһһ縵ģɢŨصѪζ
ˣ˵ҿ֪
˻ѣѵغ޲ɱһ˫۾ɱѪɫһ㡣
ˣ
ҰʯҰһӽһͷƬǿ޵Դˣʯ䡣
ʯҰɱжȹģʱǿʯҰҲ۵ûѡ
𳤸̫ʥӹҲɱʬɽѪɺӣÿһضѪȾˡ
̫ˡ
𳤸ڵϣȡһʱˣָԪһ޵ʱ޷ֵ
˶ԣĶǵĻҶ
ڵĶָͲޣǻκ壬ؼҶһߣ̫⣬Ų׷ǲԲת⣬һȭѡ
ɱ
ҶսĵطۿһЩؼҲ֮ܵĺĲҡ
ȻϵˣǱȾˣ࣬ΣһѪ磬ȻûжٹУͬΪ壬Ҳɱ塣
䣡
ȭ޵һƽԾһȭһǿķѡ
ৣ
Ҷһһץ꣬ɱ˸ɸɾ
ʵսǸǿ似õ;
ҶᵽˣǰЩսͲʲô֮սһδ֪һ
ڲϵսУҶȭԽԽ̣ԽԽ͸֮ƿҲԲת
ۺߵͬһ·ȭͷǿһȭȳ޵С
£һȭΪãһж֣
ֻ̫ǿˣȡϲԣΪݣ֤ΪʮعĴۡ
ҶԽǸԽ̫Ƿˣѹֹ֮۶Ҫķ
ҶԵ嶼ʶʶǷǳǿĶ֣ȻԾͨڣ֮ͱ޻бϵĲġ
֮ԱǿһǶѪ֮ǳǿ󣬶ʱ㹻Ƽ˻չһЩ츳ͨ
֮һ޶˱һЩ֮⣬ûκ
𡭡
ǿƳ֣һɽ飬̧Ҷѹâۣ·һȼһ㡣
ʥͨƣ
Ҷɱ׷ǲչֵ£ƬþһӰֱȥɱһȭǿƴѿ

ǿ߾źˣɱԲҶĶֻ֣ݱ塣
Ȼ
ҶȻѾǿߣߣ
ৣ
Ҷֻ쵶ۡһʿǿߵţǿߵ࣬üѿһɱ˲乥ǿߵʶǿߵĨɱɾ
һ־ֶΣһٵǿ壬ʵսϣؽܹȺۣĴ澪塣
þУЩ岻ӡ黯ʵѣûκ˼У꼫ֻһɱͲ֪£ƴɱ
Ҷͽþǰ˵ʮ˴ŮԶʺˣҲ̫̬ˣ¼ٵ׷ǲĻͱɱͷʣˣ
ɱ
ȻҶѾƣ۲ǿӦս壬ԡѪƴɱսԴժͷʬǻгһɶߵѪ˵ڵϡ
ֱҪ
Ҷ˫ֱӣͨһڵϣڵشŴеѪܵԴһߣȡ켫Ʒʯʼ
ĲɱѾѵһЩˣÿֻһ޻壬ֻҪȫɱûˡ
ԣҶÿ춼ҪٶȽЩֻɱȻʱָʥ
ʮѨжܴʥʥ֮ԶͬʿҲܲˡ
ৣ
ʱһʬȫʧѪҲˣֻʣ»ӲĴأҰǧݲ
Ҷ˼żƷʯ֮Ҷʱ仹磬ʼյĴռóϴɾ⣬֮һ࣬ܣ
̺źʿ˵Ǵ󲹣ֻǲ˶ԣʣĻȻЧпܽűϾԶûǿ󣬳ܲô
ҶûЩˣ޻Ҫǿ󣬿Էſԡ
Сӡܣ
ӥĿɿڴζƺܹ͸þƵģЩˡ




1359 
þ֮Ҷ˵󣬵Ͽǰ
˻ԡѪȴյĴԶӥɱӶˡ
Сֱ̥Ǹ⣬Ҫ֪ĿɲһѵѵȻûƵġʦһĻҲ׾ˡ
ԺԶֱӸѵʮøȼһʦͬ˵
ëٸżǿߣƷĴӥƵƺߣôŵСǵһμ
ϧû£ҲȥһţԿһʦٺЦ
УðСӺ˸ˣ˴̫ˣǽĳɳӥصĳ֣Ҷ˳׸ˣǻЩǱ̼ˡ
ʱˮһĹȥҶĶԽԽǿÿһζƴȫֻܽɱ
Ѫ䣬ɱŨ
Ҷÿ񾭶úܽüβ䣬¼ٵ׷ǲŶһ١
ôɱҲ𽥸оԼľѹƲסˣһƹأȻ٣ǿɲģпܽƬѧԺðϡ
ս֮Ĺ⣬þȻҲԳһ磬ʹȴûȫϣǳܵϵһͻƵĻȻᱻӦʣϰҪٲŽмˡ
Ͼþɱ
ҵƶϣһȻǰδеǿ֣ʵڲеĻѡͻƣٱеЩ壬ҲʵģֻҪɽ٣ţѧԺеЩϼһǿ϶ţһὫ㴫ͳѧԺģ㲻õĻٵѧԺԺôĻֵۣٲѡ
˵ҶˣԾѹԼľ磬ҪƳԼǱܣЩǿȣڻвСĲࡣ
Ϊ˾ȥܲԼһЩ
Ҷսƣ۲ҲҪһӪʥܼ֣Ҳֲˡ
ӥɵѾȫľˣüζΪҶˣһᱻͳþȴչֶΣתս֣յʤ
һתۣʮȥˣʼʵڼֲˣһþͨҽʦˣȱס˵
ڶʮ죬˱þһǰġ
趨þʱǾѾǵˣһȥѵѧԱΣգһйֹͣѵҲᱻͳʹ˽ѵ
ʵսѵһ˵ʵսǳЧЩȻûֵܼһ£Ѿ㹻ˣѧԺȻӡ
ڶʮ죬һЩ˱ͳһ˲㱻ˣ֮ǳ΢͹ˡ
þÿһĶֶǰһǿһߣƵѧԱǲòΣա
ڽȥ֮ǰӥɲûи˵һлᱻͳΣա
ĻѱƳǵǱΨضնһ·ǱƵԼòչֶΣҲҪ޵汳
һַǳ̵ķʣǷǳЧģܶ˶εս˲Сߣʵ͸ˡ
ڶʮ죬ȫ˳Ψ˻ڼ֣Ǻųһеĵһˣǿ룬۴侪Ҷ
ʯҰ飬ͳһĳ鴤ûôˣϵѪ޵ġ
ڽغЩѪѾԶʧˣʯҰɫ԰ףɱ
ֱӻԣʡ£𳤸͹Ҳֻʣ°ˣɼѵжôĲпᡣ
ͱͳˣЩҲסҶڼ֣ȴͳˡ
ͳζΣʱ̣ǲֵġ
˵ʵѾһˣЩ콾˵Ǽ㲻Ҳû취ʵʤһС
ڶʮ죬뱻ʮΧм䣬ɱ
գ붯һ鱦ɱķȫԼҲȥޱȵĻָš
۴侪ǴѪˮ̳һս۾ƵƵս壬˶һ磬ȴеһ˾͹ܵˣϣһᶼûС
ʺֵĻҲѼ֣ͬľ磡
ҶǴս죬һֱѹԼľ磬·ߣÿһҪߵ쳣ʵУֻɳػΣձȻ
ۣ
Ҷһȭһǿ߻ķѣ絶һ
漴Ҷſһȣ³һ챾Դһͷ­ᴩѪɸߣ
꣡
Ҷüѿһۣ֮һΪֱϮ壬ɱ
̶һ˲䣬ҶɱǿߣӥɵҶǹ̥
־ҲԲ˵ĳսȻҶʥ̥ڣȴѾ֮ˣ𾪡
ɱ
ʣµǿ߿ƴɱҶشؿڱһȭͷѪȺ͸һֱ۲㱻ֱӻ飡
飡
Ҷƴһߵǿ飬ԼҲ˺һֱۣҲ̶á
̫ˣʲôħɣɴħĻǿɾǧˣһϽʦľ̲סʵ
ģԲɴ˽ħģħҲܽӥ۽ֱҶıִ֮⡣
ԺԾɣǲȥˣһ¾Ǵ£һϽʦǵ˵
ҶıǸе𾪺ͺ£ǰĸоҶ԰ˣϧ֪
ɱҶڸ˾޴ۺȫ˶֣Ҳ̱ڵϡ
һ̣ҶһָҲ붯ˣһû⡣
ž
֮תҶƵ忪ʼԭڱ죬ѪҺڱڣ翪ٵء
һսҶѵս˵û֮⣬չֶΡ
Ϊ֪еڶʮ죬սȻӲң֣ܲԼֲʮ졣
˺üҩҶƲ𽥺תĿʼ⣬ÿһĻ˷
ǸԻת𣿶˳˾Ȼųԣ
Ҷɲ֪ôԼҪ֤Լ棬һսܻܿǰʹռɱУⲻ뿴ġ
ֻ˵ˣ
ӥҡͷЦһҹĵϢҶѾȫָˣкһֱ̬Ļָм˶ʯˡ
ʲôʣô˿ֲ
ӥɺһڽʦ⣬˿ڸǲеĳȻ棬ֱһۣƼĻضܹ˳ϵ·ѹۣ֤ɾͻԻͣ
һ̣Ƿ·һĴǿƲɵ
һ̣ǼԼδһǣһΰӰ죬ѹţ




1360 ڶʮ
ǿѵԺѧԱη֮绢ǾûԸȥһβҲԵľ
ĲпᣬԺĵǲԼǱڵԺЩ崫ˡ
ΪѧԺִϣҲ¼þҪˣӥɼ˾ž޵š
Ȼ
һǱˣ
侪첻˵۴ˣһΪɲ⣬ֶܹʮǵ֮С
Ѫ֮ǿĲ񻰣ӥΪǴӣ˫ʮ˿ֲʵܶһǿ߶ˤ󣬼ֱ˼顣
Ȼӥɸе𾪣ôҲһоԶĹңʵҲпԭ
ľҶ
Ժ½ϹּҶ϶յΨûйĳ·Ǵɭ߳Ұһ
Ҷһ·ս˵
ֱû赲ĽŲе˶Ľ¡
ǹƥҴݣһӴļ壬㽫ݵĵһҸƷˣնǿˡ
ЩӥɻΪ񣬲֪оԶĹϼĵ̺Ȼѵмֶʮ죬еĲ𾪣ˣ
ڶʮսþ֮Уµһ죬µսʮ֣ͨڵߣֻһܹͨڡ
һɼµͨڵǿ߽ȥҲ÷ë
Ǿɱ
Ҷκε֮ϣ
ˣʮļˣ֪ͨ׼˾ʥҩʱã
ӥɵҲýʮͨ۷ǿΧɱһʥ̥ڵСʿҶûаʤ㡣
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ɱ
ЩǿһֱֱӶ֣ûκηϻɾ䣡
ģƴˣӽҪ죡
ҶݣشҲϧƾֻռɱУҪһ
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׵ǹҶУʬʬ߻ƣγһֿµ
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Ҷȶʮ˸ǿɱ⣬˫ۺͰһƴûͫʵĴɫ
ҶȻõǹȴû߱ǹΪ֪ǿ£Ҫһ֣ǵ
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ѪĽҶ׵ǹ޵еȭ⣬ǹȭͷ߶ϵʥһͷ­ֱӽǵԴһѪǺ«
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ҶһȣһŴõͷ­˲䱻飬ɱ˸ɾ
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ɱ
Щǿ߾Ȼܹһ΢ɼ֮ǰѾ˺ܴĲͬѱɱ
ҶҲǳ䲻ն˶Էˣ˲ˣΪЩ嶼ǳǿЩܹ⣡

Ҷ׷񣬽Ų׷ǲԼײ֮У˫ȭһ㣬ֱӽǿߴˡ
飡
Ҷ˫ֿĲ˼飬ڿһĲӰƴˣ򴩵ץߣ˫һϣֱӽײˣ֫ϱۻѪˮ˸ͨ͸
ôܣϡ
ӥɱǰ龰׾ˣ֮½ԼĺӶקһ飬۵һҽС
ӪһƬңҶͨ˼㽫ļǴϣ۵ֱð亹ǳȥˡ
ʮ壡
һҶһ룡
һ棬Ҷˣźܼ򵥣Щǿûһ֮նɱǣԼκδǲܵġ
˿̣ҶȫѪеֲ˿ڣѪⷴɼǣǰݺύʮ˿ڣȥֲ
ûʱȥЩ˿ڣǿٱ׵ǹԱߣһץ׵ǹһ𣬽ǿȫ飬Ҳɱˡ
ֲֲ̫ˣ򷨣û׼ܳŹһأ
һϽʦ𾪵ƤֱҲ̫׺ˣȫĴ򷨣һͷϵ˶ԷһʵĶԾĻʮƵˡ
֮ضĴеһ֮£֮ʤһ̱Ѿˡ
ûҪȥ˰ɣûһĵսľϽʦ
ҪܱǿǱܣСӼֱǸΪսսۣûʲô赲ĽŲ
ӥɸҶߵۣһڱ˵ѵá
Ҷȴ֪һУץһʱˣһȻƷǳ򵥣ʵȴǳΣգܹȷнҵĳɷ֡
һ޷ΧȴıȻôֵΧˣͨ쳹֮Ҳ޷ǶռɱС
ƺһȭʦĴ򷨸Ȧˣһԭأû֯ĴϢ֮
ͨ壬ԪγһԪ籩ӿȥղŴսĵʥ
ղȻ䣬գ֮飬ҶȴԼʥһ룬ȼʥĺ
Ȼʱսȴܳ־ãʥҲǳ󣬾ͨҲܲġ
ɱ
ҶԪʥЩŻع໵һٴɱ
һΣҶûѡӲղŵսأѾʺϴսˡ
ಣ
ҶͷܣͲǶˣȺ໴Уں׷ᣡ
Ȼ
׷ǲ¼ǰǶٶȸͲֻںųԻҵķݣҶӰӶ׷ϣ
ҶڱܵĹУϵԴ֮޸壬֮ͨ㲻ʵҲĻָš
ģɱǣҺǣ
ҶݣѰҺʵĻᣬ˶мˣսʺˡ




1361 ɱ֣
ʮѧԱжʮѾѵб˳ϸƺ͵ǵѾָĲˡ
ǵڶʮ죬˭ֵܼڽѧԱںɽһƬյϵȴŽ
Ҳֵֹܼ̫ˡĿ𺡣
ʿ֪˵ȻҶһʼǵж״̬ڸû⿪ˣԲϣҶܹͨѵ
ǿҪʧˣ
ԣЦ㻹أʲôʸȥ۱ˣ
㡭
Ŀ׹˵ˣΪСҾͲҶ㣬϶㣡
㶯һԣ
˵۾ʱˣһвˣʲôʱֵвˣ
ˣˣһһʶʧݣʯҰ˵
˵ҲǣҰˣһ˵ԽԽθˣǸ߹ˣȷûҪһһʶ˹Ц
ſ񣬵ȵ֮ؾ֮ǿ޶Ҳض
㱻ʯҰͺһһ͸ҭ޺޵ºݻ߿ˡ
֮ؾһĵط˭Ҳ֪˵ԺͼǿգѰҹ֮ټƷ֪Ŀϡ
Ҳ˵ԺϹǿߣȴ۵ĸִӲһƬط֮쳣˭Ҳ˵
ǸطԺ߻֮һģ֪һطԺ֮⣬ûһ֪绹ĳŹϡ
˵硣ΪطɫʣԺѧԱȴ֪ط˴Ժ֮⣬ž
䣡
ڴУӰǲȺĴþбʥ˳ȫã쿴ˣ챻ˡ
侪죡
˸Ӧǵ΢Ϣʱ
һţһ۴ˣ˲õǿߣһ֮УһǱΪһѧԱڶǿߵĬˡ
Ȼôǿ𣿡
Щ⡣
漴Ȼˣÿ˶ӦѵҲͬҶȻֵڣΪľȽϵͣԶϵҲʵ޵Եʰɣ
֣㰲ϢɣһΪ㱨ģҶժģѪԼӢꡭ
֪Ҷпѵ֪θ롣
ϧһĻĻĻ棬ֻƾԼ룡
ͬʱҽĽƣ侪˵ǱסˣҪȫָûʱǲܵġ
ǰδеΣգֶʵǿ壬ּ̧ѣǽ߾ȫջǰˣҲնɱ˲ǿߣɼ԰ˡ
֪ǸûбͳľȻҶǸСʿ
ʲôȻѵҪ¼ɣ
ʯ쾪Ĵ£ǿѵûһֵܹܴ񻰣
ȥҲ챻ͳˣǿ˶˳лһ۴ˣԿȥˡ
ҶĿǸѧԺֳôĶӴ˽Ժˣ
һʱ䣬йҶǵأѧԺˣһЩѧԱˡ
ЩѧԱʣȻĬĬعעδӡ
˳Ծ
һЩϽʦˣҶıֵ߸ǵһЩԹ֪
ô˵ҶǴ˸漣ֻ˲֪ѡ
֪Ļ漣ΪߵԺ˱ܶ࣬ǿģ̫â¶ԲǺ£ΪԼҪĻˡ
з磬ϧһֻ֪ܰԼģֵʮ졣
ӥЦԷǣҶ̫ƷˣȻ޹һʮþ档
ҲܹҶ˭޽֣뵽쿪УҲǻɱֵһְ취
˶мˣҶˣ
׷ǲôķʥʥ𲽻ָҲڿٵϣӥɵץͷҲ벻Ϊʲôֻܹ츳йʲôıʡ
ɱ
ҶһȣͻȻת׵ǹǹâһ£ֱӽ׷ͱ˷úﳤȥ޹
һӺҶٴαһɱ˸ǹƴٴˣ׵һ
ͣͣȺ׵ǿߣȻҲ˾޴ĴۣеĴ۶ֵõġ
ʱҶһ־ԵıȼʣǿʣֻҪһ׼̾һ𣬰ڳٴеӡ
ǿģҶͨǵͨѪܹӦһֱûжǡ
գҶԷŷݵķʽ˻Ͽ壬ոƣֶɱ֮ΪҲ˾޴ĴۣӶˣദˡ
ˣ
ҶһڵϣѵĵеĴ֮ˡ
һĻӥɺʦʲôû˵Ѿȫľˣ޵Ĵ̫࣬ǸоԼѾȫûоˡ
Ҷһʱϵ˲ǿˣûȫȬҪ˹ˡ
Ҷû˹ˣٴóǸӥɺ޲һ߳ɰ˰Ĵʼҵ
һΣҶм˲پЧĲҩԼҽЩָƣԼ״˽⣬ҩȫԵĵԼ塣
⣬ҶʮҰ죬űһɾĵط˹
Сӣ㾡ćNɪɣҿôޣ
ӥɺ޵Сѵɽˮˡ
ȻˣҶǲ֪Щģ˴Ͳҩҩڱ뾡˹ҩȡҩЧӵ¡
һصģˣһʼðͻϮķʽһӱеһĻ
ɫҶԾû˶֪һ죬ѧԱʣ֪Щʲô
ѧԱУҶϵȽϺõĺ˺ʯҰ𳤸̫ʥӵǻء
Ҷһ࣬·ԷԵ˲ӬǰصһŤˡ
̬ȵǸĽʺޣĽҶͬʱҲԹ԰
ţ̫
һҹҶȣɫ󣬷·˵Ĳһûҽۣ²ҶǲʲôҩǱʲôԭ
ٺ٣СӣNɪθģԴѵû˭ܼʮģҿСô죡
ӥɵĻৡһҶڵþһӳʮǿߣʵҲͨߣѾﵽͨڡ
ƣ˶Ҫޣʵ̫ˣû

ҶӲ֪һ϶ùҲû뵽Ȼľɱ֣




1362 粻ֹ
ʮһ磬ɽΧ˺ܶˣѧԱҲʦг϶ˡ
Ǹ֤漣ӣ
ţҶڵһʱ䱻ʥģΪһ죬ֻܼʵûκֵܼ
ҶǿߵʱͷƤ飬ֲֵۣܼһѾǳˡ
ӥɺһͷվɽͷϿ֣ҲһΪҶܼ
ܹôǿȫնɱĻҶֱӷˣ
Ȼ
ûϵҶһֱѹɱﵣȵľʱ
ʮǿѪʢᶨһҶƽûеһʱչ
ڻк֣
Ҷ΢ЦſЩɱڳǿߣֵ˼ûС
ʮǿߵһɲǣҶͻʥ̥ڣﵽʥ̥۷壡
¡¡~
ӦһƬ׺âĿֱһӽþˣЩǿȻҲʧˡ

ӥֱӾˣȻþжɽ٣Ҫ谡
ҵþ
漴ӥ뵽ʲôҽһ˲ʩչͨҶͬ׺͵￪һɽжɽȥˡ
ˣþӽһˣ
ӥɺ޵ȴһ취ҲûС
û뵽ҶȻַƾ֣˵Щóʵ壬ǿҲצǱŶɽٲɡ
Сôʱɽˣ
ӥɴ˿̿޵鶼ˣԭ뿴ҶЦţû뵽ʯͷԼĽţþٵһ
ţ
ЩҲˣͨ
ʥ̥ڣǳسɹҲӦʥ̥۷ŶԣС粻Ӧٵİ
ЩҲͿˣܶͻƴ󾳽ʱûжɹ٣СӾʲô̥ͻƺС綼Ҫ췣
Ǹе˼ǣҶֲ̫ˣȻС٣һ󾳽ٻҪֲ
׹£ʲôʣ£ɽһӡ
ò˶۽ֱҶֲ̫ˣ
ںܶ˿ҶǸܣһС綼ô١
ΪߵĴеԵʰɣ
геԵʡ
߱ÿһͻƶǿ٣ҲΪˣͨž׵
ҶΪĴˣƺҲģһûвģÿһξǿ١
ҶȻ֪ڱôڶɽ֮У޾׹ͨأÿһ׶ôɽ飬ʯա
ǶȺУһԣûпҶɽٵĵطһۡ
ΪߵĴˣУ
ҪͦȥͶûУʲôʸ񴫳ߵ²
𣡡
Ҷһȣſڽ޾׹Уڶʱһͬըһ㣬ϵ죬һشĺۼͨķʽҶ׽ˡ
׹ϴҶʼɱ䣬Ǹոտʼ㱻Ϻֹˣ˿ɱ䡣
˵Ƶٶڳ˵ǻԵģǶѾҺ˵Ҫȸǿ٣Ҳͨٵʱһѱɹֻܰ;ϡ
ҶŵģȻԾ壬ȴɱˣڲϵĴġشĺۼ
еĴ۶Լĵ۱ȴҶȴκε۱ǿһ̶ȣһ򷨣ǧͨ鱦һȭ֮
֤Ǵû˳Թģ
ҶҲһͷѣڻ֮硣
˰ʱüɽͷΪƽأֲ֮
˺ҶҲòСӦˣΪ̫Σա
ʱٿȻʧҶȡһ·ϣɽϣʢȣ·ղŶɽٵĲһ
ģǶɽôǳʮȫҩһ˾
˶ɽٶԼð߾ȫŵֵסӹ㣬ȴƨûУԿ
ܶ˶̾Ҷͷɣٱֳ˺ƴ٣ͨ۷ǿߣȴĳŹȥˡ
ܿ죬ҶѧԺУӥֱӵǰһ̯СӣǮ
Ҷһ㶣ʲôԼʲôʱǷǮˣ
ҶһԺӣӥɺ޲Ьӡϣȴòţ˵ٵһþ˵ô⳥ɣ
ԭˡ
Ҷһӱ뵽Լٵһɲǣ·һǻٵһþѹЩǿôһӲˡ
ϣͨǿѵǲǸýҵʲô
Ҷüͷһ壬˵⳥þ飬ȿҪӥɵĻ»ȥ

ӥû뵽ҶȻԼҪ
˵ҶȻٵһþ˴˵Բͨѵبδе飬ƺǸø㽱
ϲԼʥðɣӥɽ̯Ժơ
ҶҲҪҪʲôΪ˲⳥þѣһСʿǰѵ۱⳥ȥⲻ
ҶºŪ˹ȥӥƵԺϲ㱨ʧҲⲻҪ־ֻܹԺԼΪһ죬Ҳû취Ԥ
ǴĳˣȻļֵһ죬»ѧԺʷˣ
ǺڼҶ˵ĵһ仰ۿҶ٣þˣԺ˾޴ĺ䶯
ҶЦҲû뵽䶯
֪ĻԲֵ˱ͳ֮Ҳֿġ
粻ֹ
ԭҶҪ͵ģû뵽ȴôķ粨




1363 ֮ؾ
һҶԺ˲֪˲Ϊ˴Ҳ෹̸ʡ
ǿѵһ죬ҶֻǺͺˡʯҰ𳤸˾ơһ𣬾¶棬ƾ˵ôȥ²⣬ҲΪԼ⡣
ԺѾϢһܣһϵĴ̨֮ͨؾѧϰһꡣ
ʱ䣬ӥæͳ˱ͳʱ䣬ǵĶ֣Ӷȷǵս;硣
Ȼ
ͳƵҶʱȴסˣԭܼ򵥣޷㡣
Ҷı󿴣ʥ̥۷壬ֻһܹԪͨӶͨ
ɴս˵ҶսܹͨͨǿߣСɱкѡ
ӥɽҶľʵһֱӴʺţϲȥԽȥ
峿Ժһ£ԺҩͱҩıⱻƿһɰĿҩͱҩϯһգϵķשˣԵĸɾס
ץ
رڿϵĴʱ֪ҽһԺĸ߲㡣
Ļ͵𣿼ֱǹεƤզѱһأ
ѧԺʦûڴ£һʧôҩҩڵѪ
ҩⱻѹε൱ɾû۵СӶûʣ£Ժĸ߲㡣
Ժӽڣû飬ĵĵһΣԺϺụֱ́ҵ͵ҩ
ϸĿ⣬϶Ӧ͵ģ࣬ôСĶСӣ˸겻ȥ
Ժд⼸쿪һ䱸Ͳ͵͵Ǳ
һŲ֮Ŀܿ˰ϣΪڱҵһɫë
ǵȻǵϣԺҪôͨϵĶȫг
Ȼ
ֵʱȴְһص޷огκζ
ϰӣʧ˰ɣܶģ
ߵķӡԼԸ⣬κ˶ó
һ㣡
ϰøԺøλ󶯣֣ץȥ
ԺֶθһϰٵƣʱǸסˣϣĴѰҰƤ޹ǵĵӡ
𡭡лú˵
°ĺˡ
ҶҲ˹飬ǵѣȻһһ򲻿ףؼʱ̲ӣ͹ˡ
ʵԺҲ˰ǣŻŻѣԼôҩҩˣҺⲻԺʱı⣬ҩͱҩ࣬ƷҲ̫á
ҲһֻռˣܳԿϺŭա
ǷһЩҩڱҩƱԼˣϺһ취ҲûУܲɱɣ
Ȼһͷޣȴߵɱ֮ϵ̫󣬼ԺҲҶһȴ۵
һ粨ƽϢҶȥȻٲһͨԺʵ㣬ѧԺǿָ̫࣬ĸ˾ͲɱҲǰ
ǷŴӦûзϣԸ˱߲ɽ׸ıƣ
ڶһ磬ʮѧԺмϣִӥɵĴ£ѧԺеһȥ
ﱻһƬ֣ûܿ澿ʲôӥɴŴ߹հ˹գһĲƽ˴֮С
󷨷ǳӦ׼ģǳѵãȫ͸ҵӦܸһ¥˵
ʦ⣬һƾסҶԴ˽⡣
֮澹ȻһϵĹשߣƻֺ꣬ܣ
߽֮УҶȻڹһӵĴ̨ǳӴϡ
ڴ̨ϣĿ̻ŷµƣ̨ǽһֵͼʲô֣־Բ֡
̨ǳʮһҲӵӥɴŴ̨̤֮עⰲȫűƣһâ˸̨ϵİмƷʯΪ̨ṩ
ˣ
һ죬âţҫۣ˱ܵı۾۵ʱѾ֮ˡ
֮Уڰ㣬ʱƺһ̶ֹͣһ˵鶼Ҷһ֪̤һʲôط
䣡
֪˶ãڴ׹һ̨ϡ
ҶȷӦĴ˿ҲһԺе֮ͬ
ӥɵȴӦ֮ŴŴ߳˹ЦСǣӭ֮ؾԺǽҾˡ
˵꣬ӥֱһ¥ڷȥԺϲ
СǣǶ֮ӣδϣҲκμڽһʱǿⰲʱ䣬ɵ
ϲɨһۣ֪ˣ֮ؾһĴڣһųǣų֮çɽ֣ǿ޺С
ڹųûκ⣬һ߳ųǣǿ޵ĻΣա
ȻˣҪսĥ¼ĻҲԳȥɱЩɶޣֻҪʬϽɱԻȡһĹֵֵԽ࣬ɱԽǰ
֮ؾ֮Ҳһɱ֮ǰԺѾǵ¼ȥˡ
ֵԻȡԴͨԴʱȡãκιֵ
֮ؾųУһأνĽؾڲش̨Ĺ
ʯ⣬ʱȥȡʯÿȡ˼¼ȡʱ䣬˹ԺԴ
⻹ѧĵطǰѧ򣬿޼֮
ѧжĸóһȥĳۣʥôͷ
Ȼ
ȴ˽ѧԱвֱǲġ
ɴ˿ɼԺȷһһΪʥܹô겻Ȼĵ
⻹ѧԺʵĵطšֻغ
Ųʮݣÿһ㣬궼ǿѹغֻѹֻ꣬㹻ǿܵǶ
ֻغǲǿȺģƽƲһˮѣһڣˮʿɼĹҪͦȥһ˺ɵһ˲Բͨ
ʿۺʵǿǲģҪսá
еÿ¶һβԵĻᣬΨгԽÿļ޲пͨԣѡ
⻹һƬûκ֪һʲôڣԺڴ˾ӪҲʼûŪףΪɿĽ
ƬųǷǳӴΨԺӲʸ˵һ֮ءܹʵԺĵˡ
ҶǵңлҪ˵
ߵʱԺʶҶ˵ɢȥȥԼʱ䡣
ҶҲɢȥˣʼոҶߣǱģҲǸԺӵۣ뽫Ժⲻ
Ҷн˵˽еߣװģڹųһߵ˵ﾹȻСԵĶûУʧ
ҶȻʧЦʿģܺͷһĻ֮һָʴ
׳־ĥ磬ٺƵǿߣΪ̰Ľ쳾еĸնԼǰ̣
תһҶ˳ñ˲ע⣬ڷȥԺټܲȥ
УҶ˼Ժϲóڵˡ
Ҷ˽˵ʱ仹һ꣬Ҳںʱ䣬˵ˣԺȻ̻壬ѵõĻᡣ
ǶĻҾͲ˵ˣϣܺúðһʱ䣬Ϊһ꣬Ҫֵһˡ
һʥϣǶһҶдˣиþҾͲ˵ˣĻҽ׷ٵþΡ

ԺĻҶһɵˣΪŪȥˣûŪȥ
ԺİɣһṼ
⳥þɣ
ԺζЦ

Ҷһͷߡ




1364 
Ժ뿪ãҶһ뾪ŷ˿ʼԼˣ
ԴˣҶһҲе֡
µÿ¶һβԵĻᣬյ˶֪ԼʵǳȻȥԡ
֮⣬ԻԿÿһ˵ŵȱ㣬ӶڽнԵؼǿ
ߣҲȥ
ǸֵֻҪֵĵط϶ٲӰӡ
ã
ӦҲ뿴νžʲô
ŸҶŷһڿеĹκţһֱʣصķţϢ
𾪵ǣϳط֮⣬ȻһЩĺۼƺңԶĹȥҵĴս㽲Żٵ
ԽǿҶԽܸܵһµĲɣУϿ̵һЩȫʶڵ磬δţ˵ˡ
ʱһȥ
֮⣬һӢһɥȥԳɼ롣
ΧһµӣһЩ׵ٴλĵҲڹעǵĳɼ
Щǰĵи⸴ӣΪδ룬ϣεܹм͵š
ΪΨһ֤ĵ·ֲϣ̫ľߡ
·пᣬѪǣźֻܳȫһˡ
ǸпǶźŶ繷ߵԺоž޵ı֣ҲֻΪǣΪǿߵҶ
ǿ񲢲ܴһУͬҪ
һЩԲѧԱСֹ
˵䣬Ѿ˵һݣ϶ʱһĳɫâֱ
䣡
ɫ䣬ŲٴεһݣһɫĹâ
ţ
ţ
ţ
˽Ųɽһһ𣬺ϲϳһâơ̡࣬âֳ̳һƬѻȸ
Ųʿûκ˺˸޷֪Եܵѹ
Ȼܹݣֱˣ
֮ǰ˭һһ٣ÿһ̨׶Ҫ޴ŬУ
Χ۵ˣһݣ֮ǰû˭ӣƺϵƺҲ̫ѡ
Χľ¶ԺЦݣȻʮµǰǿȴﵽ̶ֳȣѾ԰Ӻܶˡ
ϢƬ̣ʼݣɽѹˮ͸ˡ
飡
һֻ̤˵ݣâʼ˸ܵѹҲˣ·Ҫѹһ㡣

һ˫۱ǿâŸڲ˵ϣȻ
ҵ죬жǿ󣿲ͨڶѣѾֵܹˣֱֲ
ҳһţĻδǧڣҵƽֱ׷ϴļ塣
еУʲôʣйʲôɣ
ѶģûӦطĻֻƾʵܹϵݣ˲˵ϡ
Ȼ֮ǰܹһݣѾԤеܹϵˣۿò˸е𾪡
ʮݣÿһ㣬ѹǵģܹϵݣԿԼڵںŰˡ
䣡
Ҫһ̧ŵһ˲㱻һص
ͨ
ֱ̱֮ڵϣڴڵĴŴɫѪðĺ鶼Ѫɼܵѹôǿ
ԣ
һԱŴȺ߳ɢһɱ뺷֮Ƿһ˫Ŀ˸ſҰĹâ
ຮ֮أ뺷ðߵ԰Ŵ󺷷˶ڱݺᡣ
λǱܼҵδܿǸûߵļһʵȷǿ
˴Ҷߣ˽ܿ
ܼڱ򣬾һӴļ壬һҲʥصСڱ򣬺;Ŵ󺷷˽ǳ
ܼҵǳأѲɿݾŴ󺷷˵Ʋ⣬ܼĻѪຮڶ࣬ɲû壬ѩܾһ塣
ںͨ飬ѩѪԽԽϡˣ˽ͺûκˡ
ܼҲһԾӣսУܼҲ˼֣
һǲ֪ܼпѪͳҲһսǳϿܼʵڲܼѪͳ顣
𡭡
ܿһһ˵ڶݣţâһӲǽӵڶɨ˵һ㡣
ԼĹ򣬱ҪһĵϣʵôǿҲԽ׵ϡ
ȻɨˣܿıֻǾһص°͡˶ʵʵʰϣȻҪԽһݣ
ɨ֮ܿƢˣ˫ü𣬻һƥƣԾһݡ

ܿɨ֮Ȼһ㣬ֱˡ
飡
Ȼ
ԤϵǣһΣܿɹˣ˫ȫ˵ݡ
һɲǣٴαǿֱ꣬ûԻָ
еаš
ܿһ仰ֱ뿪ˣĲǲٲˡ
мǰȥԼǱ˵ϣ޷д
Щ˶ͨڵľ磬ҶԸţԽһСûһ⣬Ȼ㶼޷ϣɼŵĿֲ֮Ҫȫͨԣǻкܳ·Ҫߡ
ԣ
ԾԾԣһӽһСײһߣȥ
һ˿ĹâǿײԼС֮Ƶĺˣջǿڶ
ļ岻һСѣû̫˺ˣֻ֣ҪԼүү˵һԼļһ
Ŵ󺷷һࣿ
ƽʱɶɱ˲գ۵ʥغ͵嶼Щɵο
飡
˵˵һ㣬âʾһͨţֿʼϣһһյ˵㣬Ҳ޷һ޴ѹѹá
գҲûðգԼˣһ˻
һҲʮݣܹϵѾʤһˣϾĹϡУƫƧһ˵Ǹžߵġ
˵ıȻޣҲ˲٣Ǻġ
ţ껺ͽ𳤸Ҳǰȥһ£˶˵ݣúֱ죬ޡ
Ҳԣ
ҰʯҰŴǰ
װǳעĿһƤͷģէһ·մûԭʼҰһ
ǶʯҰıַǳڴıȴúܶ緹˵Ĳͱ˻
ǰĶ̰尡
ʯҰͷһƵı顣
ͬʱ˼˲ԼͬؽĿͶҶƺڴҶвԣ




1365 η
עǵǿܱ⣬귽ͲһЩԱһʿǿһѡ
⣬ǿһܹɨһж֣ۺʵһֶѣҶο
뽫Լ꽣ڸʯҰ֮ǰӦ꽣⴫Ҳֻܰοһˡ
ҶֵܣҲһ£
ҶҲһ£뿴Ҷϼݡ
ҶҡҡͷˣǶͨڲŲԵģҲոʥ̥۷壬ͨһξ룬ûҪԡ
ԣ
׼뿪ʱͻȻ߹ɨҶһۣȥ
Ҳˣ˵̤ϵڼݣ
ųһӵڶŵԭ뿪ģͣ˽Ų׷ײ²⡣
治˵ϾûôܹۺʵӦò
һĵӴ󲿷ֶʵǳڴܹо޵ı֡
ʱ
ҲԶȤĿ׾ţƺҲһ
뻹Ƕʮң̫躹ޣǰչ¶Լʵ𾴺ĽĿ⣬ⲻһܹġ
ʿҲˣһӦеģ
ಣ
Ŀ֮£Ƚ̤˵һݣһɫĹâֱ
ţͬͥŲһ㣬һʰϣܿ˵ݡ

ʱ˵ļᵽɤۣݼһ޴ϰ֮ǰûһܹԽˮ룬ȫ˵ϡ
ϵݣת˿ȥһĴݣ·ûиܵκѹһ
һﲻ赲ĵݶ˵ƺ𲽶ѣ
˶ʹ۾̲ס̾
̨ϣĿҶһۣеĺ岻
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ɫ䣬ѹŶ˵㣬ûһ˳ϵ߲㣬ѹ̫ǿˣȵǿһࡣ
ԼϷ·ѹһ̫һ㣬귢
Ҳš
һԼ˼ޣѵ˵ڰ˲
䣡
һɫĹâɽһϳ𣬷ļµϢ
룡
룬Ѫæȥǿȵѹ޷̫ãܹϵڰ˲Ѿǳˡ
˲㣿
˼ʯ
ӵһӵڰ˲㣬Խ㡣
ζʲô
ֲࡢȡơ̡ࡢϣǰ߲ĽǰղʺĹâġ
ڰ˲㾹Ȼīһĺɫļ£
ϵڰ˲ʱԿŶҵһ¡
žʲôʱڵĶûһ˵һųǵԺ޷˵塣
֮ؾԺ߻ܣû֮һӷֵʱţֻغһеʩ֮ǰġ
ĳɼܶԭųһӵڶǿߵͷҲˡ
˿ֲʣͨҲ˸пͻƵ
磬Ҳȥһ£ܵćNɪ
ΪһӵһˣӵҲ٣ܶ˶飬Ҳμһ²ԣɱһɱķͷ
Ҫ𣿡
Цݲ֪ѯˣԼ
ȻбҪˣܵĺҪߣȡһλõƣһµĻĵλ𣡡׷˵
ðɣҾһԣһأ
ǫţȴ˱ʤ
ΪһһǿߣܵشҶ
һҶǿ֮Ƶαͨ˿飬һ񻰴ˣΪҲβǿͨ
ڶþУǿ֧ŵڶʮ죬ڵڶʮʱͱʥ˳
Ҷȴƾ٣һƵþռֵʮ죬һµѵ
¶Ŵǳ
ΨһĵǣҶľ̫ͣв
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Ͳͬˡ
ľһµģһҲٲһԼŵĻһλúпܻᶯҡ
⡭뿴ģ
ܿ죬֮ǰ
ʱһڷɢԺ絶Ӣˣһ㵭âϲ⡣
һϵķ׭ͻȵȵ̣·ɽˮһ㣬˫̤˵һݡ
䣡
ɫâ
ţͣһݣվŵ߲ϣ΢ͣһ¡
󣬹â˸һɫĹԤʾɹͨǰ߲Ĳԡ
Ȼ
е죬еĿЦͬһʱֱһֱ
ЩţκһʱܺɨһʱΪ˵ȻȺ۲ʱ̫ˣǵĹâȫסˡ
һȻ򵥣
껵۾룬̲סҡͷ̾
Ϊ̫ʥصʥӣ֪Ĳ٣ڹŴ׺һЩҰʷļУҲֹʱ۲𣬸׷׳ֻܳȫһ˶ѡ
ҶҲΪȣûбֳɫһֱƽ
~
ͬʱһ״̬
Ȼ֪ݽǷǳֲģԼҲ֪ܲյǶ
ıѾһЩǰĵӸеˡ
ΪǼĵӣһβԵʱ򼸺ûһܹϵݵģھȻ˵ϵڰ˲ݣѾԽǡ
η
һϵǵɽ˲ųԺҲһġ
飡
˵ڰ˲ݣһâͨ쳹أֲϢ·ӾĵظкƵһļ¡
ѹֻ̤ϵڰ˲ݡ
и̾ѹԶǰ߲ܱȵģǰ߲ѹܺ͡
겻ǿ˸Ϳס̶ֳȵѹĲҲкôܹһֱڱƽܵļ޵طĻȻгĽ
ϵڰ˲㣬·ˮ̳һһʢѪֱ졣
ƴˣ
ΪԼĵλðһҪһݡ
飡
ޱȵݺݵĶ˵ھŲϣһҧ˫վ˵ھŲ㣬ţһâ콣һƲ񷣬ɱ֮ò̱ڵϡ
ɱһ˶ܲˣοϵھŲݵ룿
漣
ৣ
һĻɫˢһ±òҰףԭΪԼѾѹһͷû뵽ȴĽǱѹһͷ
˵ھŲݣһͿȫ֮ͨĲԣ˲˵һЩϵӶе𾪡
һĵӼֱ̫ǿˣԺȻЩӶâţ
Ҷ֣漣Ҳ϶Ѳ㣬βһҲҵȿ۽磿
һ΢ЦҶ˵




1366 ֻغ
ţ
ܶ˶¶˲֮ɫҶ֮ǰȻܶΣû˵ȴҶкˡ
һЩϵӸ𾪣ҶòҲȻ漣
ҶֵܣȥԣǻɣҶģ𳤸Ҷļ
ûƾʵ㲻ҲԲĶȥһ°ɣҲ˵
Ȼ
ҶȴûдӦ΢΢ҡҡͷˣԣ
Ȼܾ飿
һ󻩣˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻûвԼĴ㣬ֱӸܾˣ
Լ˰ɣССʥ̥ϣ̨׶ǲϣЦŴ
һ׳׾˿ǳȻǸһ˵
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Ҷ֮ǰâ̫ʢܶ˶˳ۣ˿̽ⷢӣͼϱҶһеĶ
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ĻЩȤ
֮֮𣬼û꽣ɳҲԶ˿ܶܶࡣ
ֻغڲǿȣȥ
ʱȺ֮һɤӣܶ˶æֻغȥ
˼ҶûвԵ˼Ҳ׷ǰֻغ
Ҳȥɡ
ȻΪҶûвԶеϧҲûִȰ˵Ҷȥֻغ
š
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ֻغһС羵һƽ޲СΧһƬʯͷһݶûС
ߴԼʮ׵ĵطһ滹һǴѣһжԵĻ
һӵ֮⣬ƽʱû˼ܶ˶ԸΪԪϡ˷ָ
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ɽ죬ȴܶһӶԼǿȺ
ȻֻغΧݲϺȴžÿһ궼ɢŵɫ⣬ԲǷƷ
ÿһ֮ļһģֺ·Ϊֵһ˭ֻغ
Ҳ֪˶£Щһֱûκα仯һƬҶӸˮϣ
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˷ֻۣغʱһ˿־ͺ¡
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Ҷڹۿ˼֮һ㣬ûвԣΪûҪ
֮ǰĹѨеʱܹӵϴǿͬ޵С
˵ĲԶûʲôʵĵطȻͬţ໹ģ˾ͨеóۺϲԣ˵ʲô
֮ǰŵʱ򣬱ѹһͷиⲻˬֻغҪؼӡ
ΪһǿߣһӵڶǿߵͷǴģȷй֮
ֻغ֮һ·նأ˳ִԱߡ
ʱһʵΧ۶޷
Ȼǿ꣬ԶһšĽ˵
Ҳе˵ݣʮԿǰˣҲͬߵ˵Ա߲űƾܳ
䣡
ǿƳ嵽ڰλã֮󣬱ƾ˳ǱݺһľһѺۡ
ͬʱ˵ڰ˲㣬ܶ˶ˣ
֮ӿǿҵСƬŵģԼԵôŬ׷ǵĽŲ
ͬͨڣ̫ˣ
Щ˱ϾţһһݵţһһȻܴȴ١
һʱһУһҪϲԽǣ
Ǻܶ˵
ҲǿȵĲԣϵǺ˵ǿȾȻߵ˵Ų¡
ΪˣȻдһװ취Ҳ߲Ļ̫үүˣ
˸Ҷϸһֻغ֮еĸܣոȥʱûʲôо·ͨĺˮһ
Ȼ
ߵһʱ򣬾͸о˾޴ѹ·ΧǧĶԼѹһǰһҪԼܼǰС
ˮпֲʿǿģںˮУ·𱻽һÿǰһҪ޴Ŭʹۡ
飡
ʯҰˮгһ£ʱһƬˮĻ߽˺ˮС
ֻغֻأĪܹܺõؿʿǿȺ
ǿҲҪпֲǿȣܹﵽһ㣬ͽ鱦򶼲Ρ
ﰥҰ˰ǿȾȻ˿ֲ
ţò񻰣ͨʿǿһˣȴ˱̬
˾УʯҰżᶨĲ¶һԴȻһߵ˵λãʾͨ߹أһǿһء
ˣֲסˣ
ʯҰˣ޷ɹȥ
ȻҲǳˣҪ֪һӵڶǿǴڰѡ
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һЩٴλϵǷ׷׸̾ǵʱѾȥˣЩ¡
ȥˣ϶ҲҪԣܷٴѹһͷסһλã
ʲôһǱ˴Ķѣû˭˵Լǵһһ˵Ҷǵһأ
Щ˳۵ǽҶѹǵͷ
ϾҶڵһο˵ʱ˼ڵο˵ʱ˳ͬĹĪԶʦ
þиǼֵ󣬱˼ֵʱ˵ǵһоݡ
⣬侪˶ûμӲԣûۿ˾øĪ⡣
˶ǵĴˣӵиȨĵԺԺҪ˵ǲμӲԣҲû˻š
У϶è壡
۵ʱֻ߽غУһȥִܿλá
䣡
ˮû˸оʲôںˮƽһ̣ǺȻվ˵ھλá
Խһ֮ʵ顣
һʵ֤ԼԾһеĵһˣ

һ̣Ҷ֮⣬ȫɵۣ




1367 
ڶ죬ԾвڲԼҶȴûȥڷָԼĶпʼչ
˵ȱչأ϶пͷ첻ǲһ˲ۺʵģѵͲ֪𣿡Ҷȥ֡
ûҪˣһԣ˵ʵǿҲǱ˵ģԨ㣬˶̤ʵ
ҶϣԼѶǿźδȻһƬȷѪ꣬ҪõҾлʵҪġ
һʵΪ磬ΨǿʵӮñ˵غͻûȥϣȻᱻ̭
һ죬Ҳ
ƤЦȴůġ
Ϊ֪ҶΪá
һ֮Ув˲ʵǿҪӱͱҪȱ˸ŬС
ɣ
Ҷֱӱչأ˺¶ŲʣôţкصΣС
ԺˣԺҲ࣬пܸǿ
ϾԺյĶԵʥصǿߣҲǴǧŵĹҵĵϵӡ
ЩȣռƣΨмӱʱֲ㡣
һ֮Ժ͵ԺһνᣬʵԺ֮д衣
˵д㣬ʵѧԺ֮䰵нϾ˭ĵӸɫпܻս
ǸʱǿӵĽȻ
ڽͬҲûţԣûκʱ˷ѣҪһŬԼľʵ
ȻҶûȥۿҲ뵽˾Բ٣ܶ˶һԼʵ
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ڹųǵλãиܴĹ㳡ڹ㳡룬߾Ų㣬ⰻȻ
ûн֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪оʲôգڵȴš
šֻغҲԲȥͨ˾أͨҲԲ棬Ȼᱻͳġ
û˳ҾȿôһŴ߽֮С
ڴĿУһܿɢĹâ֪ǿʼ˻Ѿͨˡ
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ֻеһһŻŲһȴûУһЩֵ
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ҶڵĻһϳһЩΪ澹Ȼצѡ桢ȵϹʱڵޡ
һУѾĲ㣬Ծûг𾪣
Ҫ֪ԵۺսǵۺʵܹһѾˡ
飡
۵ʱһӰбǸղŽеţ˿̻ã
֮ʲôҲû˵ֱ˵˹ˣκ˵ʻ֮
һ£
ʲʲôһüĿվֱ߽УԶرա
һʱ㣬Ҳһ־˵ĸ֣һߣ

һƬȻ
ǵʵоˣȻֻ㱻ˢ
̫̬ˣǲ̣ЩԾԾԵҲùġ
ԼʵȴԸˣԼʱ䣬òʧ
ҲһЩ˾ӦòһԼۺʵ
˺ʯҰ˶һ£һȺԼʵ޼ǿ߼Χ
ֻ취ܹͨԣٽЩɱߺĵʱЩԶʧ
˴Ĳֲȥˣ㱻ɱУʯҰǼֵ˵㡪ֲ洫ʯ׵ǿơ
𳤸̫ʥ˴˵㣬̲ס˱̬һʮԼʵµǿߵΧܴȥŽмأ
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еͬĹ۵㣬̫֮ˣһ޺壬һѡ
𳤸͹໥ҧź²⡣
֮·ʬǣ廹壬Ҫϴ֮·ɱĻᷢײⲻԸԸԸ⿴飬Ǳضᷢ
֮һ֤ˣԺǵһû˭Ҳ۵ĵǵĺɣ
˻ûн㿪ʼˣʯҰ˵
˵ˣҸʲôŮţʯҰЦʵ
ǻ˵ȻҸƷŮˣҾãʥصʥŮͲߴоԶĹҵŮϻʳĹȵȡ
ָͷһ㣬ԱߵĽ𳤸͹ڡ
Ϊ˽۱ʥŮ̫ʥصʥŮȥˡ
ǲԹҲˣߵﶼᱻܶһΧš
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һ̣ڴĿУ߽У׼ԼۺʵҲҪٴ漣ҶӰ쳹
ʱһȥҲһ߲㣬ԤʾѾ߹ء
̫ˣ
Χ۵̲סи̣һ𣬼ֱ̫ûгɾ͸ˣԼô㶼ᱻѹƣ޷ͷء
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ܹԺϣǵԻǹصģȻܴȴ£١
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ЩԭǲԺʦǶٶǳʺݡ
䣡
ڰ˲ЩԹȻ֪ζʲô׷𾪣ܹͨڰ˲Ŀ飬ֱֲ
ڵʵһЩǰĵӶĶ֣Щ˱ܴ
˼ңǵ˺հһЩ׵ϵǷ׷ҡͷ
ͨھŹ𣿡
ڴţʱѾû˻һӵһĵλԵŻԵֻغۺʵǵ붼չʾ˾ʵ
ͨڶѣҸոսͨڲãƶԽսͨͨ۷ǿˡ
ʵǷһоԶУҲǳϼǿߣŲʮңһЩһǿ߶е˼顣
Ƿ׷ײ²ʱһ£ɢһǿƣѹ̲סľ
ţһӰѪĴеϢ΢档
˻~
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ǿ붼ôصˣŲԺѴ




1368 ڽȴд˵
ʵȷһߣҲ˵ڰ˲ʧˣЩ档
Թųм˲֪˲һ˵ݣһδȻܹ˲㣬بδУ
벻һеĵһˣʵ֮ǿ𾪣
ڶҲ˹Ŀ࿴ӮϣǡʼѣټԴ벻Ͷѡ
ûǶд˵ˣˣСԸҩϴ跥ëǶĹ彫õĶǣϼ˺ĳɾȻ
ųУƵۣһĵӻǰĵӣǡ
ܹ߲㣬Ҳǳǿˣһн룡
ϧǸҶûвԣܹǴһЩϲ
뵽ҶδƼ¼ɼ̲ס̾
ҿǲң
һ˵
λ̨Ϊ˵ѵʲôĻɣ
Ƿ׽绹ʿ磬˰֮ȼգҪ̽һǲǱ顣
ܼ򵥣ʥ̥۷ѣûдﵽͨͲռƣ֮ǰܹ֮δƼ¼ͬµսѣ˵ʲô˷ǳ˵
֣˵ͲˣͬһѾǳˣ𣿡
ΪҶƽ
ϾҶһѾ൱ͬ޵ˣǹ֮Ҳˡ
̫ˣǱѾþԺзչԺĵ·ϣעᱻԽԽԶձ̭
һмһεѣ·ע߲Զûκγɾ͸С
ȷ
˵ſ߽һˣ⣬˿ȴܲ
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˿Ҳûһۣڴ
˵˿ȥһʱһȻǺҶϵܺõ̫ʥӹ껡
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˵˵ɫৡһ¾ͱˣ֪ҶͬжôĿֲƾԼʵаʤ
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ЦɣӦսұҶӦҪѹƾ磬ʥ̥սͨʮ֮ڲˣͷΣ
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˵꣬˸ڣҴҵˣΧһЦ׷ױӣо
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ʥ̥ͨѾʵʱ䣬Ƕصĸ⣬ڲٿء
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ܶʥ̥ǿ߶ϣдǵʵûдﵽǶĸûеλ
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ЩҶѾ뵽ˣԼϽڶ֮ؾУҲһڮԼġ
ĵ죬˱㽫ǵĳɼҶ˵һ飬ٴιĶҶȥһ£˵һѵĵ
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ڱչ֮ǰҶʯУƾԼ֤ȡһѵʯÿʯѧԺ϶̲סһۡ
ȻʯѧԺרΪµĵ׼ģһȡô໹Ƿǳ𾪡
صԼĶҶֱӱչˣһķ˹˻ҲԼ
Ҷ·޵׶ʮѨ֮⣬кܶСѨҲƺʼֳЩҶǳ˽ֶĿ࣬δ
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ȭУΨȭ⣬ֻҪȭ⣬κһȭȭҶҹ֮⡣
߱ǹȡ֣˵ǹĲֻҶû㹻֮ǰΪԼѾȫˣԽǲԽǹ򵥡
ģҶָо߱ǹʵȭһʧѾõǹֻǺܹǹˡ
¯ȡ侫ɡ
ҶԼѧ似ҽΪһ¯ʼ˼
һɱḶ́ɱ䣬Ǿ
ڼ䣬ǻ˼ΣÿζѪ죬˴Ҷ𾪶ģŶ԰´˶֡
ɲҶôʣǹҶ˵Ҷҽտвٵҩÿζ
ҲҶÿζᾡľΪҶһ
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ǽһҶܾﲻԣ۾ʵ
ôܣҲ˼ҽģڼ˯߸ɶģʹպɣѵЩ˼

ҶǱ˸ָӮˣ
ϰף˵ģ˭˳ң˭ǵǿˣҲȥ㱨𣡡
Ҷٴοѯʣϧ¶Լʵս
ǵʦѵĺѣȻŰǱ۸



1369 Լ·

ûлش𣬰Ǵ׵ȦЩ죬з⡣
ڲԹɫ֪Ҷ˵˵ѣԸΪݸ飬ѪŨˮĸжˣ
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ǵͻȻתһ˫۾нâ˸Ͳûͫʡ
Ҷ㲻˵ˡ
ŬƽһԼ飬ſ³һƿóһصıҩȻεģпҩ
⡭
Ҷһ˫Ķҩǿȥ
ȥɣ֪Ҫģ֮ǰһֱûи㣬ϣԭҵ˽ϡ
û뵽Ҫ˵ҩȻҲ̲ס̾
漴ϱҶҩЧʧˣҩ̶ȿҩֻЧƫţԲŲҩ
ҩĲݣҲƾۻ굤ҪĲ֮һܹҩ
Ҳûиκ˶֣ȥ˳⣬޴սȥˣЩ˾ǺЩǿɱʱµġ
ҶĲ֮󣬰ԼЩľԭÿ춼ȥçɽкɱᱦҩ
һյḶ́впܱ˺ˣҲ¼ٵ׷ǲǿա
˵һϰʵսľѳ޶ǳǿ󣬵Դȴô⣬ʵȣƺǱشѹ¡
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֪û£Ǳ˺ģҶŷϵɱȥһЩϵ⡣
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ν̵þľڲݴһЩĵøҲһڸ
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Щ죬Ҳ̱չأŬޣһҲи±¡
ˮۣˣ˶ڼ΢еипܱ˦κһĸܽܵġ
֮࣬һЩҲڿǰǿʱһЩĵĵط
ЩǰµѧǼģֻ᲻ԴǳаһЩƹصľ͸򣬸ѵá
κһ󾳽綼һˮ룬ȥӴɣƾԾ粻ȥҲһӶֹڴˡ
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Ϊ۱ʥӣܹһЩǰµѧܹĳ
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ҶмҲȥ˼ΣЩǰ¸ʯǰȥѧϰȥĦ˵ĸľ
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˵ǰǣָܹҶĶоԣҶҪڼ֮γԼĶ
Щѧǰǻ۵Ľᾧе㣬Ҳָ˵һյյơ
ҶһĹۿʱһʯǰվʱ֮ã·һ㡣
ǰ˵ĸܴϣϵһЩ⣬ԭ벻ͨģڻȻ֪ͨ䣬һΡ
´ǧǧÿȡһֻҪܹ֤Ϊۣ干𣬵Ǵȴ;ͬ顣
޷Ǿ׽һɵõͬĶˣ֮ɡ
Ҷϵ˼ϵʱռ֮Уһαչرһ֮ãķ˴ʯ
գҶĸоԼѾʥ̥˼£ȴʼ޷ͻƵͨ
⾿Ϊʲô
Ҷ˼⣬˵ͨǸؼԪֻҪԼһԪص˳ͻƵͨˡ
ҲһԪأ
ҶãԼʵѾһԪصʼ޷ͻͨ
Լķԣ
ʱ
ҶЩãȻˣ
һ죬˼⣬ջǿعİǣͻȻһ˿
˲ͬҲͬǰ˵·Լ·ҪԼ߳ǰ;һƬҲҪٳһԼĵ·
ս
ҶѾʥ̥˼£ʮѨȫͨʥת⣬Ƿȱľս
ڹų֮УȻұսҲУΥѧԺĹء
Ҫһƾеս
Ҷ˫Ĺâ
ҶҪˣǴΣһСıΣգľ𣿡
ҶҪǺɱһȻҶʵģǳ޿ɲöԸÿһʵǿġ
ˣҪһս޷ͻƣ
Ҷͷ˵Ҫ׵㣬ֻҪɱ㹻ޣȻܻøĹ׵㣬ҪЩ׵ȡҪĶһõ飬ֶΪ
ȻѾˣҲûʲô˵ģ߰ɣ
ֱӴ·Ҷŷȥ
ʱ䣬ͽųĻ͸ˣ޺ҶĿǰʵ£ǳ
ҶֵܣȻ
һһǴŨյʯ·ᴩ˰ųǣš
ǿŵģȴصĽƱһҲûУȴ޷ôǿûá
Ÿʱ򣬰ֱӴӳŸһˮĹ˳ȥҶĿɿڴ
ҶŴһسǵĳӭѯǷҪǣʲôȵȡ
Ҷʵش˵ԼҪɱޣԻȡ׵㣬ԼҪͻˣҪսпսͻơ
꣬Ҳɱޣ̫ΣˣȻ֣Ҳǿ
ŵĳгһСС̨ҶУǴ̨ΣյĻ̨̼ܹջмǲɴ⡣
ллϣһСĵġ
Ҷǳж
ԺĳϣԼѧԺĵӷǳģκˣǵʱҪһ鴫̨⵽Σյʱ޷
˵ѧԺÿһӱĶ֮ؾУıʩõġ
ǱŵĳϣҶ̨߳˹ųǣһϢ·ص̫źġ
Ѿˣô죿Ǵչʵ
սѪȵս
Ҷ˫ᶨĹâ˫УƺڷĲҽУðǼս
Щˣ
а֮ҶָһطһͷǿޣҰţػһҩѴˣýȥ͵




1370 Ҫ
ųһƬçɽֵ룬Χȫһ޾ԭʼɽ֣죬ɢһɺǰϢ
ء
ϰԵǺһһ׹дȥֽеţˣ
ҶҡͷʧЦ԰оͼֲˣһǳһ޸Ͳ
衭
ŰǵĽ£һƵӴ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ţ·һض
ͷɶǣҩ⣬һҪȳ࣡
һŭһͷɳһɸߵĺɫҰţһײľӴ˳˫յ̽յһ㣬ɢ˵Ĺâ
һͷ쳣Ұţ˫쵶ɢڵĹâһƬɫһǳǶ档
Ŀǳһİߵ㣬·ܹͨص
ͷҰţ޲ûжκεͨʥǴʹͷǿɰɫľݺǳײȥ
СҶӣסȥȥ
ǹֽһչײ׷ǲһ⣬Ұţϳȥ
ಣ
ҶֱӵҰţǰȥԼϳ

һ̣Ҷȷ˹һȭҰţȥ
΢࡭
Ұţ޵˫˲ˣȻ֪ȥʲôˣʱҰײͷҶȥ
úã
Ҷ΢΢һЦΪնɱޣĥѰͻģȻս޵ȭ
䣡
Ͻɫȭͷɽ룬նղݺݵĻҰţϣ۵Ĺâ
Ұţ޵ϱһǿӲҶȭͷסˣǰҲӲˡ
Ҷ˫ϥȫݽ˵£ϽɫȭͷһԿбסˡ
ͷҰţͨڣԲ˿ֲҶһʱжϳͷҰţľ硣
ѹԺ߳ųǣȻΣգŸոçɽֶѣ֪ɽʲôǿ
裡
ţ޷ĺǻһƬڹ⣬Ԫ·ˮһͨ״İߵڡ
˲䣬Ұţ屩ǣһСɽһ㣬˫˸׹⣬յƣ޴ţӺݺҶǲȥҪ̤Ϊ촷ۡ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲ˲Ƴȥɣ˫ۼεĹâһǿϢɢ
Ϊﵽʥ̥۷֮ûг֣ҪһԼĳɹ
ɱ
ҶһȣϽɫĹâһС͵սһ㣬Ͻɫȭͷâţյ̫Ȼʧɫ
꣡
ȭգ޾׹磬һ½Ұţ޵һֻţǴˣţǺɳȥһɽ嶼ˣԶ˸
𡭡
Ұţ޳ʹӰȻС˸žֵĹâĽӲĲλȻҶһȭϣܵԤе˲
ͬʱʶսȥп޶ΣնһֽܵԤУҰţ޵ˣ

һ֣Ҷսȭ־һ㡣
޵еȭҪһ̣Ҷȫһ״ʵսнȭ߱ǹȭΪһȥ
ϽɫȭͷգʧɫһףΧҰţͣ
衭
Ұţᣬһǧɣټ׵Ŀ־壬Ѿ⡣
һҰţҲƴˣ챾ϵ״ߵȫգγһ£ķâҶײȥ
䣡
챾Ҷȭͷɢˣ£ķâҲҶȭˣţҶȭͷҰţ޵ϡ
꣡
޴ţͷѣҶȭͷΪģӣ
Ұţ޵۾һӰһͷɫСţѳֵɶһȥ
ߣ
Ҷչ׷ǲ˲ǰ棬һֱһâҰţ޵ˣһȭͷĺɫ塣
Ұţ޵޺ˣıԴҲʿʯ̺ΪǾᴿġ
Ҷ޺𣬶ɽȥ
֪ܹһͷǿ޿УҩȻҶûĴ㣬ϾѾһƾۻ굤رĲݡ
ǰǣֻ߲ҪǱԼ˵ҲҪ
ڽļ죬ҶƬçɽչ˶޵Ĵɱаȱڻļһڣܶ޶ˡ
ĴսҶȭ߱ǹԽԽˣӳҲԽԽ
ͨޱɱκͨûã޵ȭ£ͳͳ顣
ڼ䣬Ϊ˿Ҷռսʲôطһͷͨڵޡ
һҵĴս֮Ҷһȭеϣһȭͷͨ޵ͨȫ俪
ͷҲҶ޵ȭ»˷ɻң޺˶û£ǵðһԹҶܼҡ
ǿͨ޵޺˰ôٵˣȻոսͨڣ޺˵ƷҲһأ

սҶʵս似Ҳսʼ޷ͻƵͨһߵսҲ޷ͻơ
ջɱ޺ҶĿռѾװ޵ʬ壬˵Ѿʮͷˡ
УǵջҲǾ޴ģҶѡ޴ػĳҩͱҩ
Ҷ޼սʱֱӳ·ҩߡ
ڼ䣬ҶҲɱ޵ǿߣǶġ
ֻҪЩˣҶǱܿǼ棬ϾҲ죬ΣյçɽУ˸Сһġ
ǿһˣҶѾִսȻѪս޷ͻƣǾֻˡ
׼سǵǰһ죬Ҷһɽȼ𣬽һͷС͵ϴɾտ
ʵʵſűߣֻǸɲģֻܵųֳɵġ
ڻľĿ֬ڻϣžܿ㿾Ľƣ⽹ۣζɿڡ
㰡ǸСӣ£Թˣ
ʱ
ӰӺڰˣ󲻳ʮ꣬ԺķΡ
ûᣬҶ⡣
ҵĻû𣿻
Ϊ׵ˣҶûǣʱɫһɱ˵
ϼ
ǲˣһĥһߵǵĿ⣿ȱʣ֮󣬻ʣµͷ
㡭Ҷ
Ϊ׵ſҶӰµİǣ˲϶Ҷݣɫʱ
ң
ҶûзϣҲˣǰ˶Ǻһһӣƺʹߵúܽ
üˣ
Цһ̤ЬٴȫѹԼ˶أֵԶ֣
ҲûеǰɣΪҪƣ
Ҷü⼸ȫͨڣȻոս벻꣬ʵʵǸţöԸ
ү㲻˳ۣѵһвУ
Ϊ׵Цһ֣һͷųǿϢҶƽ




1371 ɱߣ˺ɱ֮
ಣ
ͬʱһ˸ϵһҶͰǱ
ţ
Ҷüͷһ֪ⳡսɱˡЩ˰ⲻƣ
磬ҪСϾųͬ޵УųһŵӶУͬǿһ˵
ͬ޵УҿǸЦѡ
ĪЦ׳ղŻͬսأֱһŲǸʡ£
˵ҲǣѾʮˣԾûͻͨǱѾþɱҲϧ˷׷׸ͣҶ·ڿһһ
Ҹѡ񣬵һԼ˶ϣûͷǣڶֵ֣ܳʱ㽫ܾĥŻȥѡɣ
Ī˿ûнҶҶͬǿѣҲţÿ˶ԽսôɱҶһֵ
Ǿô϶Զˣ
ҶԺϽڶɱôѧԺ

ĪֿЦɣﲻǳçɽУɱ㣬ֻҪƵ޵Ͼˣ˭ܲó
ûԺҲ˵ˣ֮ΣգҲ˵˸һû˻ġ
͹ԹԵصɣеĶǵսƷ

˼ܵĶҶ䳰ȷҲ͸¶һЩϢǾڳɱ˶ᱦûģֻҪƸɽеǿ޾Ϳˡ
ܶҪ˵˵ΪʲôңҶʾҪǿ׳Ļ֡
㻹Ϳɣһʴȣ
ŽĪɭȻЦţѩ׵˸⡣
ͼߣӲģѾǲ󣬽գ̨Ҳûá
һΪҶҪߣɭɭ˵
ҶȻ˵ĶģΪܵձĲ
ʱܵ޾ɱ⣬Īѹ
ڽٽǵֳǸ˭Լô֣ҶĿΧɨȥȴûκη֡
ĸо񣬲µҲ׼ȷûʲôãֻҪˣһҲ
ĪҶû뵽ģȻˣҶ߳
ƾҲһɱ֮
ۿ޷׳Ļ֣ҶĮڣӿֳɱ⡣
˵ʲôĪɵ˲ɣȻҪɱ
һ˿Ц˸Ѫ⣬˲֮ɫ
֪һʥ̥϶ѣҴԲѣһҲӵ
һǰɢͨڵǿѹѪʢÿ˶Խս˺һ𣬾ͨڵǿҲҪףݱܷâ
ҹ˵ľɱ»Ǿˡ
ĪŴЦû̶֣뿴Ҷӡ
ҵôΪնɱ˵ûһɾ͸У
Ҷᶨޱȡ

˷·ЦͬʱЦбģгҲɭȻɱ
ǿһʥ̥Сʿѣκ棿
Ҷ֮ǰֵôޣҲûзϣϾǶأһ硣
ͨǿߣɱһʥ̥Сʿǿֱ鶹ײˡ
뽫ȫɱ𣿡
δҹζ࣬Ǿֱ֣ӽҶɱˣҶκλᣬһһǿߣǾɱ
ǸԵļеٮٮߣȴĳΪ˵߹ΪǲֵҶɨһۣƽ˵

һ˲Ȼɫ·˵ʹɭ»ֲһ֮˵ģ
ٴһ㽫ԼΧм䣬ҶͻȻЦˣ
ĺ㣬ͷ˾ȻЦóĪ˵
ҵȻЦó
Ҷ٩٩̸һǼеٮٮߣһҲһģԸһʥ̥СʿҪͬʱΧҾǰҲ١
Ը㣬һ㹻ˣǲǷ߶ѣ
һǰһ˵ҵһжٽ
ˣ
˵䣬һҶϳͨûжãҪ
ֵʵԽԽǿˣȻﵽ˿ֲĵزһ˾ܽҶСĳˣ
ûͲǳ֣ҶĲǿ𣿸ֵܱʲôҲǣ
֣Īֵ˷׷׾̾ʵ˵ãͲܹͨҶɱˡ
ͬʱҶһ˿ĹâЩҪɱѾɱ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲһ磬ԭһӰһƳ˵ϣ
ž
Ҷİƺ˵˸ܽӴִ࣡

˲ҽһѪģӲ㱻鱬ˣ­Ƕˣٱ˻ȥ޾Ŀ־塣
ǲһ
ҶЦһ˶ͨڵǿߣʮ
˭ԣǲУһϰɣ
ҶĮڣһ˶ͨǿߣη塣
㡭
Ī־ŭӣû뵽ҶȻǿ
ϰף¾ס˵أһҲҪߣ
Ҷɱ䣬ɱǲҪеεģɱԼ˻뿪
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֪ҶʵЩȻѾﵽͨҶоԲ
㿪ʼж³һ˸Сӣӭ󣬿ٶס˴˵أƬռȫ
ôĵӣ㾹ҷסǣ
һ˲айâһһɱֱ֣Ҷնȥ
䣡
ҶܣɱգһֲѺۣɣֲĽâһСɽˡ
Χɱӳȥ
ĪԤеҶʵǵԤϣûĶֻ֣ܲݵΧŹˡ
ಡ
˿жзλҶΧм䣬һ֣ɱҶն
ûã
ҶһХ׷ǲӵޣ˵ĽâдУϽɫȭͷӲ˵Ԫ֮
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
֮ڶҶÿһȭ֮Ԫ֮ҵ
ǿѵԽɣ
𾪣Ԥеˣ½᲻
ʱǸû˼ģչͨŰ󺣣Χݲеļˡ
꣡
ҶһȭڻɵԪ֮ϣǱɱ޷֧ػձҶӲȭͷˡ
ţҶƴӲƽߣչⲫ
֮棬ȼհɣ
˴󺧣ڼʶҶֲ֮ѾˣʱҶߣجΣҲֱӽԼͨչֵ£ҲҪҶᡣ
֮¶ȼߣһԿסԼʩչ֮֮ҲֻܱԼĻڶĻ棬ǻԪҲס
ҳȫ㣡
ҶһӶӲԴšһĳ촷ۣ궼û⡣
ûѪ˵˲ȼճ˻ҽϵʯͷˡ

ʣµһ𾪺ҪԮȣȴѾˣҶٶ̫ˣ׹ʱѾһѻҽ
ɽ紵ϵĻҽ漴ʧˣ˷·ûдڹһҲ˻ң
˻
ֲһĻĵԺû뵽ҶȻ˺û뵽Ȼǿ˹ֵ¾Ȼܹڼ̵ʱڻɱһˡ
ʱҶҲܣӲɱ·ɻң¶ͭɫǿ⣬ӡ
ȫһԪͨ۵ԪɱȻƲķǵĳˡ
ɱһҪɱǶɣ
Īִ˿кڲҶǿѾԤϣ֪ǡ
Ȼ
˵ʲôѾˣ˫Ѿ֣ûкͽĿˣֻܾȫҶɱ
Ȼ־壬Ҳ֪Ī˵ʵ鵽ֵزǿϰ֣ҶҲԲŹǵġ



Ҷǿ죬Űգľǹ֣ɢɭȻɱѿգɱ޾
Ҷ˫ιâſڳХһϽɫӰ֣ս
ɱ
ҶԼʵޣʥڣѪ죬չȭ·ƶһС磬һȭѡ
޾絶һȭ飬Ҷȣɨȥ޳Ĵȷ·Ͻһ㣬˸ű⣬ֱӽһ߶ˣ̵ĳӻһ
ţҶǰŵðеҪɱҡ
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮ȻɱңҪñɱ׼
Ҷû˿һĳֱӽ˵Ĩɱˣֻ²֫塣
̶һӣѾˣʣµ˶־ȫҶĿ˿־;




1372 ɱ
ӣ
ĪѾ˵ҶֱǸûͻͨȴӵ˿ֲսʥ罭ӣͨ鱦⻹ô
ܣܵ˵ĻԺа۹
ǽͨƣԸϢĴоͽ˲µĴƵˣԼַһ£ûӵóȥ
ãﱻˣǳȥˣô죿
Īֵ˴ʧɫֱǱ֮֡
µֻܶˣȻȥ˵ҾͲڹųжǲ
˵ͬʱһС͵Ĵֱ̨Ӽ̨ٷŴ󣬹âһ˴ԭʧˡ
ÿһǵԺӣڳ֮ǰسǵĳȡһС͵Ķ̨ԺΪ˱ЩӵĴʩ
Ҷɱ˸ûʶԼȵʶʱѾˣ̨ûüȡ㱻Ҷɱˡ
Ī˵ûǫ̂˿Ϊ˱Ҳ˲ˣټ̨ʧԭء
ҳ
һȣ𶯣˲ҽһеѪ죬Ҳ̶á
ٺ١
Ц߹ȥצӰסһˣɭȻ˵Դգǻӣ
ϰף
ԭҶ̨ѾûգգۼͻصųǣԭΪûὫ˻ɱˣû뵽ǵ󷨾Ȼ˿ֲնˣд̨Ҳûãֻܵ

˰ǵĻ˵ɫˢһ±òҰޱȣǽĪ֣ڵĳӶˣûɷǸʲôⲻ
ң˭ָʹҵģҶɨһۣսĿ˽Īϡ
ʣĪֱȻǵͷ֪ӦöһЩû塣
˵˻ܻ𣿡
Īһ촽ʵ
ռͨ˼صˣ˿̱˵Ҷƴˣһ¶ѡ
ܣ
ҶһǸʹ죬
⡭
һʱ˳ĬҶɱֶ֮Ѿ֪Լ»ˡ
ҵ޵ģû˵ҲܲµһЩǲ֤ʵһԼж϶ѣǿѡĬ
ҶһǰͻȻ֣һָâ˵Уʱûκ
Ƭ̣Ҷ֣˵ǶϽָһӺתϣ᳢ʹ࣬ҹŻȥ
㡭㡭
ûҶ˵꣬˱㾪ֵĴ·ԼľѾʼתˡ
ƿֲֲ߲пǴͷţҶֲֶΣɵǲ¡
˲˵ҶҲż¿˼⣬һ߳һߵţеʱ˺š
ҪŹң
һӺܿ͹ȥˣϵĶϽָʼãȫת۵ҽţ˫ϳƵץܿͽԼץһƬѪģ
~
һĻýĪ˵ȻʹûзϣҲͬܣǿǿֲ
ɱҰɣҸʹ죬㡭
˲ϵڵϳ鴤Ѫһޱȡ
ǻǲ˵𣿻˵һܾϽʹ
Ҷһϵ֬Īʵ
˵˵
˳ױҶֲֶɵˡ
ʹȣƺõĽˣ£˱һһĽʼĩԵ˵˳
ԭĻʹ߲壬ǱõһǹѣĻʹֻһµеڶ
֮Ϊ˸ӱǱֵܵĹϵӵĹùĸס
ŴϱҶɱ֮ҪɱȥΪӱ𣬵ڸԭûܳС
ѡǵԺҶԺ֮Ÿı⣬ԺΪľһὫҶɱΪӱ
֮ǰϹսʱǼƴҶҲ˼Ҫ̽һҶĵϸ
ҶǿƷЩ˷ˣΪ⣬ͬʱҲʶҶûô׶Ը
һһֱֻ̣ʹҶƣԼһֱûг֡
νĪǳɱû뵽ܺҶϣȫɺϣΪֺãžҶ֣ϧ

Ҷһ˿Ĺâֱӳ֣ȫɱɱ޺ϵĸҩϣȻҲ˲
߰ɣسǣ
Ҷһѻ˸ɾʬ𼣣ͰųǷȥ
аڣҶܿ˺ܶǿޣѾʶսȥҲδͻƣҪʽ
ҶʵľԼǿ˵ӦͻˣɳٳûͻƣʶϹﶼе졣
ɣ㳢һȥʵܽͻҲδ֪
ϽҶȥμӲԣܹеõһЩ򣬿
֮·Ԫٵʥ̥ʵʵı仯ѣͨȴҪԪغʹĺۼǿܹͻƵģҪԵ͸
һʱҶ˳ſڣ̨Ǽǹ׵ӥɳϵסȥ
ⶼɱģ
ǰѻɽʬ壬ӥĿɿڴŵʵ
ǵģܻȡٹֵ
ҶͷҪֵԽԽãΪⶫδдá
ȫͨޣĲЩһ˻ɱģ
ӥһߵǼᣬЩ޵Ĺ׵㣬һҶ˵
Ҳţ֮ǰҲвٵӳɱޣȥģһǿޱпܻ䡣
ҲûҶεջḻϰͷ޵ʬ壬СɽСѻɽҼûģǼǿޣҶʥ̥۷ѣôһģ
գҶʮ˸׵㣬ӥһ߸̾һ߽׵뵽С
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ʯҰ룬һЩǰĵӣʱ㹻ɱȻҲ࣬ǰȻġ
ҶûȥԼΪûκ壬ӥɵסֱ֮ӻصԼĶڸСϴ˸裬һɾ·ĵ˯һ
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ֻغһƽûκβƽ羵ӳΧɽʯֻغΧûκֲ
ֻغҲаŵģ˵ѹǱӡһƶһ¶ѣ治֪žôġ
ٴֻغ̲סпϴβԵʱ򣬽ߵ飬ֻغ¡
ûǳаţ˲²͸Ҳ£˹ֻۣ֮ûֶΣһ
ʯҰҲǳص˵
Уֲȶ˿ȴԾɶɺļɵ
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Ҷһֻغȴûзκ쳣һͨĺѡ
ºҶ̱ܵһɾ޴ѹ˷ûκ赲ĵط޷ӱܣֻӲ
ƽĺˮ·һ㣬ÿһˮӵǿ۳ɺ˵޴ѹ
վںˮиƬ̣ҶʱֻغŲͬרĲԣҪɹȥС
ںˮһޱȼѣҪɹȥ̸ף
һʿֻغܼ֮ӾͷǳˣЩţߵˡ
ҶڴУǿĲ񻰣ͨ۷ǿܹӲ鱦
ʱľ岻ŴﵽضѣҲ쵽ˣϴζٵʱٽһǱ赲ˡ

΢ͣһ֮Ҷ㿪ʼһȥٶȷǳͺͨˮһȻҲ赲ʲô
ܿ죬ҶԽ˵һڶȥ
ʱΧ۵ѻȸ˭Ҳû˵ھصȴŽ
ȷǿ󣬵ҲҲôǿܹɵĻҺһͰֻغˮ
ܿ죬˴ݰ
˵һʮˣòӢȴЩа죬һһǳӴ
⻰˵ģʱҪǲȣֱӽ㰴ȥȸʯҰһۣ˵
ҶֻݡݻͬʯҰȻǶϲˣҲܶطʴʶǱżҵǿˡ
żûгۣ߾۷ǿߣֻһ׼ۣҲܹʥؽаӴ塣
һ·ģƾżҵĵ̺мںǱΪ飬ֻǿҶռͷĳͷѡ
ߣ
һû˵Ұ˽Ҳ˵
ܿ죬Ҷߵ˵λã֮ѹѾǳˣҶı嶼Щƣˣοˣ
ҶûֻͣغĺõطȻҲ壬ȫλ壬ҶͲҪ

Ҷˣǧˣһȭˮס
ಣ
Ҷչ׷ǲǰȥ
һգ۵ĹҶԽ˵Ҳͣڰȥ

һĻҧͷǿҶ۹ǿһͷһЩ츳ĺ֮⣬ʲôֻغбܣ
ֻغ󣬺ˮҲǳѹȴǳһ㣬˿ֲܶҪŲһҪ޴ĴۺŬҶ·ˮһ
˱ˣ
д˿õдա
ЩǰĵӣǺ޵أһµôһһͰ
ѣ˫ֱ֮ˣ·ϱһϯ֮أ
һĻӥնٴСӵһ󣬾ԺķԴҲҪܿܳΪԺ߳ĵڶλۣ




1377 𾪵ľ
ֵ𣿡
ԺһЩˣܹһٴĴ۶ֵõġ
崦ǳڼ֮۵ԼҲ尲ҪƽҪó㹻ʵ
ֵã
ӥĿУ·𿴵һƲɵ
ãΪһԺ㾡ȫҲֵõģھͿۺսˣ
ԺĳһԺһԴȫҶб
ȻˣҶ֪ıжôľޣ˿ܵ˼
ֻغӵؼԴȻѾ˲٣ҲԽʿչֲֳ
ţ
Ҷ˫⣬ʼƺֻغ·зӡ赲ʲô
ʱû뵽ףһķӡ֮ϣƺһЩӰоʲô
ϣܸӦ澿ʲô𣿡
ҶвֱֻغĶѰ
ܣڵʵȫʢʱڵһɣʣֻغȻĳڴ۲ġ
Ȼʵ٣еġ
طаʵûдﵽ֮ǰдѣ
϶˽ҶȻðգѾڵھλˣֻҪٽһɺɳɹ
Ȼ
ʱҲܵ˼ǾҲе쳣ѣ嶼ˡ
̫̬ˣ
һȺԣҶֲ֮ҲˣΪǺܶ˶֪Ҷ꽣ԶͬǿҪǿ
ҶȻҲ˿ֲеܲˡ
һ˲˵ǰ·ֲͬʵȻͨ⻹ñ˻

Ҷ𣬻ɢ⣬֮һСһ㣬ʮѨȫ·һǺһ㡣
䣡
Ҷѡ֣ȭ޵ȭ·ƶһ磬ƻ磬һµ磬ػˮȭͷֻأ
飡
Ҷ˫ȭѭһͻ˵ھ˶԰
̵Ƕ֮Ҷɹֻغ
񼣣񼣣
Ըֱɵˡ
ǶһеٮٮߣﵽͨҲ޷ȫͨԡ
Ȼ
ֻʥ̥۷ҶȴˣǸ𾪡
Ҫչؿˣڽ֤·ϣͲ
Щ˶ܵһ־޴ѹҶı̫ˣûͻƵͨǿһͻƣ֮ͬ˭ܵУ
ǿ޵УһʲôĹ̥
˿̣ѧԺеһЩǶˡ
Ҷʱһ㡣
~
ֻͨغĲ֮Ҷһ˵ϥһ죬·ڿٵһѪʢԨ̶һӱָ۷״̬
ʱѾľˣҶ̫𾪣ʲô𾪵飬ǶȻġ
ԭֻһҶ
һҶ㹻ˣû飬һ仰ѹڳ̧ͷ
ȥ
ҶͣȻҪԾҪȫһ飡
ţֻغﲻĥµĿģ
ҶпԭΪܹԼĲ㣬ȴȫͨˡ
̫̼ˣ

Ҷ仰Ƕʱһ죬ҲûͨԣҶȻ˵һ
ҿܿʲôʱ򣡡
˲а˫޵ʲôۺʵԾɲУ
ȻˣⲻһʱѣҶȥ֮Ҳ׷ȥ
Ȼ
侪ʣҶսһΣȻѹԼľ磬ϾˣҶǿԤϡ
˻ʴ۵ĴȴˣûиҶ֣֪ҶʵжǿȻҲͨˣɵöĿ࿴
ɳûƺ
֪Ϣ֮ɱ

׾Ƶ֮ǳͷ޵ʯǳ档
չᣬڿգɺװ裬գִ˵е޶׾Ͽ
ĶһԲεĿ׶·Ǳһָ㴩һΧƽûκѺۡ
յգͶһƬӰֵӰУһԲεĹ
Ҷǰȴûеһʱ룬ڲԶĺ壡
ʣԣڳ콾ûһ˱ԲŸƵ֮Ĺȴûܸʲô
ֹ档
ҶͻȻ뵽˵ϵһĺܾõԣ⣬⣬
һߵ˼໥Ϊ̫
ڲ籾Դ
Ҷп顣
һ̣׽塣
ԭȥһ
ҶƽûκǿߵϢƺһͨˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ߽ĵһ㡣

һţҶо䣬Լ·̫ź֮ǰһһɻϢ
ǰ޾ĻҰޱ޼ʣ쾡ͷǷĻ磬һС硣
ȻˣռȣСԵø̫С˵㣬ûγԼĹֻȽϼ̣ᱻƶѡ
Ҷ۲Сͬʱһ˳ǰԶϵķηǳϡ
Ҷ˫âϵķκǻϹķΣҶȴ֪϶ǻˡ
κһ磬ֻҪ̬࣬࣬ڷƵĵطҲпԭ
ÿˣĵһ磬սңþȻʧսܣ
˷ǳȣѾﵽʥ̥ڵļ£Ȼûдﵽʥ̥۷壬ȴҲԶӣ
ɱ
ûκηϻһֱɱУһڿն𣬽еһһ㣡
Ϊʥ̥˱дǣʵС
ЩʵҶûз
ԹҶϢͷųһħһ㣬һ˵񻷣o
飡
Ҷûжκʥӭһȭֱӽ˵ȭͷ࣡
ţ˵ֱҲѿѪĽ
ǿ
˽ü˵֣˱ըˣһ̣ʧҶǰ
أ
һ޵Χʱ
ʧҶԾվڵһ֮УǰһʯڣʯϻһˣüĿҶղһȭһģһ
һӡǡ
Ҷп˵ֶε澪һӡܷӳսƿֲ
һпյģʲôҲûУֻһĽݿԵ϶㡣
ҶԥڶȥͬʱҲΪʲô˵ǿۺʵġ
ȫʵսо̺սܵĻԼȻᱻɱ
ˣ
ϵڶҶһϤǸղǸˣ˺ܶ࣬ǰĳ͵һһ޶
ʥ̥۷壡
Ҷһ۱㿴ǰȻǵһǸˣʵѾﵽʥ̥۷塣


1378 

Ҷûκηϻֱӿ׷ǲһʱߣΪһӹ˲佫˵ͷ­Ѫ쭡
Ӯˣ
Ȼͷ­еδֱʧǿ䡣
Ͼһû㱻ҶͻϮķʽժԴ⻹ô
š
Ҷͷ­ˣĿһۣ漴ʧˡ
ڶԤʾҶͨ˵ڶĲԡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Χ۵˲֪澿ʲôֻһ֮󣬲һӣڶ
Ȼ
𾪵黹ں棬ţҲ
ڽĲҲˡ
ʱҶĹأúܶ˾°ͣ
Ϊ
ս𾪣
ڵ㣬ҶһЩС鷳㲻ͨڵǿߣλ
һжҶͨǿߣҶֲõԤУ½ࡣ
þжԸ壬ҲǺܶһϵģﲻͬǵصصǿߡ
໺𡭡
ХڿգλͨڵǿҶǿÿ˶ǿʥӵĴڡ
úã
Ҷ˿壬Хһʥ̥ҲˣϽɫʥ̥ս񣬺ɱС
飡
Ͻɫʥ̥˫ץסβͣһ˦ֱӽײһ
~
һʥ̥ײùǶϽۣ߲ࡣ
ߣҶսͨǿҲռϷ磬ȭϻӳÿһѣʥ಻
ⲻһСĻͱˣܶɽض·ǿС粻ݻ٣

Ҷ񣬺ڷ˫ιâһȭһɳȥԶţüĽһһӡֱ֣һѹȥ
ûйڣûкȲҶһжʥ̥˳״ˣҲûһս֮
أ
ƮƬСʧˣΧʯڣҶٴվС
Ҷȥһĥһֶĥ£
ţҶڰ˹أÿһζǿߣ綼ߣ֣ͨ䡣
ۣ
ҶһⶴؿڣҲᴳߣϽɫĴӲ˵Դץϡá
һѵսҶд֮޸Ҳ⵽˼Ĵˡ
գҶоȭ߱ǹȭС缸ˣƵıҲݲеĲӡ
ڸ˾޴Ĵ֮Ҷڴ˵ڰ˹ء
Ųֻʣһˣ
Ҷڵڰ˲˺ܾãô֮޸ϵƣûмȥһ㡣
Ϊڰ˲ôѴˣھŲȻֲ
ƻָҶھŲȥ
ţ
ϵھŲ֮Ҷǰһƴ磬·뿪˹ųǣһƬδ֪һ
ৣ
ǰ˾ǿߣ˸죬ɢĲԶǸǿߡ

ҶЩΣǰȫͨ۷壬ֻ벽Ϊʥ̥ڵǿˡ
ҶɣǲǰѾλʱڵĴġˣô˿ֲ
䣡
ûκλһ֣һƬ⣬ֱӽҶˡ
ã
Ҷ󺧣ûͻ֮ǰͬʱԸôǿߡ
ЩÿһǾ֮ˣδûгɵۣҲǲ׼۵ǿߡ
ֲĺͨ
ǧһ֮ʣһâھԶһƬյϡ
ھŲ㴳أʧܣ
ڰ˲㣿Ȼͨ˰˲Ĳԣֱǹ̥
ûҪֻ֪ʥ̥۷尡ͨûͻƣ
ĺ֪ôģ
Ȼ
ˣҶճɼ֮˶ˣ
ֻغţоŲѣҶܹͨ˲㣬Ѿ൱ˡ
ҿûͨھŲ㣬Կ
ǰĵӰңôҶûƼ¼ȻһЩο
һЩԸŵŮһ۷һȻҶϲռƣ֮˻ǧ궼һ
һǱ£Ȼһ
ҶȻ΢һ㣬಻ӺţЩǷǳŮ˵ص㡣
Ҷһֳ˵߱ģЩʥӣǿˣһҲԶѷҶ
Сӣû°ɣ
ǵһֱܹóһƿҶȥһ˵ܰ
ǡҺ
Χ۵˼ɵˣǶԸţȻʶ㣬һŵζ̲³ⶫ֮
ҺԪҺؼһ䣬ЧǷ׹ǣԪ
ЩʥغϴԪϹŶ˵ǾĶû뵽ϾȻ
Ҷһ֮㲻ٺˣд֮С˻κβֻûͨھŲ㣬ĸź
û¾ͺãѾڷһϯΪ칦͹ȥɣʹ죡˴ֵ߹һѽҶӵ
㡢㣬ץңⰡ
ҶЦŷ˺˵Ĵ֣һȥ
ԺĹ̫ϳϿģҪдЩԺĵӣȻˣѵġ
ԺõʯԴʯȡȴѣԺһĹأκ˲Υ
ߣҲȥ䷹
侪˶һۣҲ˹ȥһЩŮʿһҲ˹ȥ
һʢ磬Ҷû뵽Լͺ˵˵С۾Ȼôˣ˵һЩ˽ܻǲˡ
ҶҲģԸˣþƺò˾ϣȻԷģȻҲὫЩ˾֮⡣
Ҷ֣ҴۼأϲٴѼͬʱҲ㷢룬ܷۼ壿ΪĿ䣿
ϣ侪Ҷ֦ϣܹٵԼļ壬һǱ޵ţĳɾͲá
Ҷ֣Ҵ˻ʼҲ㷢롭ҲͬʱҶ롣
Ҷ־žޣС÷ǳϾ뵽̸ͣСþ֮꣬ҹ̸
̸ʥŮҲҶ֦Ȼû˵̫е˼ҶҪˡ
Ǽֵ֮ľۻᣬȴ£Ҷķ֣ƣӦ
ЩԸϾһǽͬһսеսѡ
Ҷһһʾлͬʱ͸¶ԼԸκźͼ˼ʱˣԻȥǵļݻᣬֻڻС
ЩʥŮ͸¶ϢҶֻܴ۵Ⱥȥ˵˵ⳡỹǽԴϲġ
ȻˣЩҶ˾Ͳˡ
Ϊƣ
Ҷı˾ޣֵõڶ£ץ




1379 ŵר
ҶμӲ֮󣬷ͷڹųһʱԭһȥˡ
ұ͵
Ҷ仰ú˵˷׷ױӣĲ˫˫Ƽ¼ۺʵĲҲͨأ⻹е͵
Կ
ڶ죬Ҷ˭ҲûоԼϺ˵˳ǣڳһԭʼпСۡ
ûڳ˵Ҳù˼ɣҶǳˣǺȵĸ߸裡
Ǭ䣬·ãã˼۽Լįϧ䲻ɣ
ı裬ǣʲôʱ⾳˸Զˣ
һ뵽׷ߣȻлǸԹġ
ߣ˽ܣܳɵۣʵزݣƬزһ
˶ڶλţеߵ廳֮Уһʱ
ųȻΣգ⼸һߣֻҪ޳ȺԱûġ
޴ǣҲС͵Ĵ̨գۼܻصڣ԰ȫ滹ǲõĵġ
С֮Ҷֱӱչˡ
˶ΪҶչرȻҪչؼ£ʵ㹻֮Żء
Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽չˣֱ֮ȥ˭Ҳûо
Ҷ֮ǰ˾޴ĺ䶯ܶ˫۾
ȻѾ͵Ը⾪ˣԾв˻Ǹ˹ȥ
~
վǰҶһУûڷ˼Ͳ似
ʵϣûͻ֮ǰǲˣȴԾĿռ䡣
Ҷһֱڷ˼ԼеľÿһϸڶŹȻ֮죬ջȴС
ս֮κһ˵ǱĲƸЩܹͻơ
ҶҲоԼͻƣһֱѹԼľ磬ÿһߵļʵ
һΣҶû˿ԥֱӴӵһ򵽵ڰ˲㣬еĶȫһ˫ȭ¡
ܿ죬ҶռĵھŲ㣬ԾǿߣҶȻ壬ƴɱѪȾۡ
˶ǳ·ϱȻЩ⣬ֶǿĶ֣һһն֮ûʸʶ·
Ҷȥˣǲ֪
ǣΪǴ۸ɣǴ۸Ҳɣ
ʱ̫ˣ죬Ҿܹͨ
ŰɣǰڵھŲ㣬Ҳһᱻͳģ
Χ۵ȶͲ֪淢ʲô£Ҷٴԣ׷Ϊͨ
ҪͨҰԼԴߣ
һЦ
ʱҲԹΣûͨҶƾʲôܹͨĲԣ
ЩһŵǲҶܹھŲ㣬һЩԺĳҲҡͷΪͨ
ǿʱ̫ˣҶôҲӦԣͽ档
ҲҪԼʶȥȱˣһͨˣô죿˲˵Ļ̵
㣡
ֱŤͷûش⡣
һУҶ֪˿ڵھŲС;źս
Ѫ䣬սŨ
Ҷ޵Уһ˫ȭһ赲һ˫ȭͷ±촷ۣʥ̥һȭ򱬡
Ҳ˼Ĵۣɵӡ㱻飬ѺۣǶദˣؿһѪܵĴ󶴣˰顣
˵Ҷѵ쳣սЩȻӡǣʵ˶жսʥӵ
գһսҶʤˣ
Ҳǲʤһ˾ʥӣսȥĻȻˡ
ΪšֻغĲԶˣҶ֪˻ᾭʲôĴսƾԼһսƾǵǿҲ÷
䣡
һضɽҡǿ֮֮ͬʱƵھŲԤʾҶͨ˵ھŲԣȫͨأ
۰ȻͨھŲ㣡
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҶھŲ㣬⣬ԭȺʱը˹־ϴ
ιǸ˵ԼԴšߵأҪ򣡡
˿ʼѰǸ֮ǰʴʵˡ
ϧڵھŲһ˲ˣû
ףˣûϵܵ˺ܲҼǵüǵӡѰ˰Ҳûҵˣߺߵ˵
ǲ˼飡
鸴ӣھŲȥҶα㴳ȥˣҼʱֻ죬ѾԽ
һΣһ˵λ᧿ΣȻΪҶʥ̥ѣ˺ܶ࣬ȴһͨ

Ҷħļᶨ߳Ѫۣ˫ۺ䣬ÿһӵ˶ܵһɴ̹ǵ⡣
״̬е㲻Ծ̫ˣ
Ҹоһͷ̫޶һ
۷׷ףȴûһ˸ҿ˿̣ǶҶ״̬̫ԡ

Ҷ֮һ𣬻ȫͷųһƬ飡
¡¡
Ȼؿֲ٣Ƭطȫˣ
ãСҪɽˣ
ִӥɵˣϴͼʶҶĿֲ٣ͨ۷ǿ˶̣εƺǿˡ
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ҪǷչֵزطʲôҲʣ¡
ȥɽٰɣ
ӥչͨһȣֱӽҶӹųȷɳȥ
䣡
˹ųǵķ֮⣬ҶʱӭԼͨ٣һ״ɽ̿µ
ľˮַҶ׳Լģٹ壬üĹâһɵӡ˸Žâͬ١
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
׺СҶֱɵۡ
ʲôôή˿ֲ٣ǾɱгɳĻᰡ
ҶȣЩνŵټֱ̫ˣ޷ȡ
Ҷ㸲ʮɽٵ·ɽͷֱӱɨƽˣΪ˽ٻҡ
ҫ۵ĵâȫҶû׺֮УǴ˵ǿͨ٣ഫֻ޵ļ˾Ĵ١
Ҷ׺ģЩɽ޲˳֮ˣǿΧ޶ӣմȾ
̳ߵĴ֮ҶѾ˽⵽ٷǳֲһġ
ֻһ̫ãˣܶྪž޵ն£һƬٻҡ
һ·ǿģٵκ˽ⶼ
Ҷ٣ЩƺҶΪʲô粻ʵȴǿԭ
챻ֻҪ벻ǿ󶼲ܣ
ңֻҪ׽ٵķΧڣմȾٵϲע⵽·顣
ͨ˵Ǿɱ
ΪܶһӶδؾ٣ŵר




1380 ʥ
Ҷϴͻƶɽ٣ɽ٣мһ¶ࡣ
ںܶʿ˵ֱ޷ġ
Ҷ˵Ⲣʲô
оڣתʱ䣬ٶȼ죬̫£Ļڲͻͨ
ʱٸ˸ԪصٷҶҲҪȫԿУ˿
Сӣ֮壬ͻƾĲ㣡
Ҷʶд
ҺϴҶѾ̵һַ˼ĵز̶ֳȵ٣塣
ã
Ҷ𣬿ʼתĹһƬֱӽˡ
ѪҺͲ֫ɢһƬ⣬ڽп飬ԼÿһѪÿһǶٵϴ׵̺֮Ҷȫˡ
ˣ
ҶſһƬĽױֱ£һƬ׹˸¡¡
һƬ澰ȴأһƬƬ׷·һ㣬ÿһлص
Ҷ˸ɫĹâʥ̥Ҳٵϴ񣬱Խ
ųУܶ˶ڹעӥɣŵĶðˡ
Ҳֻ˿еѣû޳ۣ޷׹⡣
СǸ̥
ڣӥҲòĸ̾
Ҷ̫ǿˣҪְܡ
ٱҪԼȥУԼĳɹһȱʧ
һ˵սûܰκᵼٵĲһǿ٣ʱΣˡ
Сӡ
ҶıһЩԺĳǸԣǻԵٰ
ҶȻֱȥǶԡ
Ҷ֪Լ˿̵ΪԺĳ
һһϴ꣬Ҷıͻ˾Ĳ㣬һ̨ףܹµκ鱦
˿̣ȭͷõ鱦׵ǹҪˡ
κǿЧ鱦ȻǿɱҲǿվ
ǿҶоȭţ



֮УҶʼȭȭԿ١
ͨ٣ÿһԪضˣ٣ˮ٣׽١
γһٷ籩
Ҷ֮Уÿһ¶һƬӵ·׷ǲľ衣
䣬ûбˣҲ̺֮Եʡ
ٲϽ£ҶһϹ˸·һһ㡣
𡭡
ҶʮѨеʥ̥Ӱȫ𣬽ܽ׵Ŀ飬ٵǺ͵еʥ̥ϵһÿӰ
ʥҶɱ䣬ʥ̥Ϲ˸һ˿ԣһõĿʼ
һʱҶٲųʧ·ͱһƬ棬ʲôҲûʣ¡
ԶܣҶɽ𣬽Ƭԭʼľȼˡ
ȥЩŭˣųǱȻܵ
ųУһԺĳȡһͭ«ɵȼŵɭϿգֱӽ«ڳ£һٲ䣬ʱѹȥ
һǳֲпռ䷨ܹװĺ֮ˮ´࣡
ܿ죬ɽ㱻ˣûҶֱӼ̨ص˹ų֮С
ˣ
ҶһȭֱӽռѣͨٵĿ飬ʵʵķԾ
ÿ󾳽綼һɱ䣬ͨʥ̥Ȼʵĸı䣬ʥȫתΪʥ̥Ҳת̥ԡ
ϲҶֵܣҲͨǿˡ
Ҷصų֮󣬺˵˵һӭȥҶأ
Ҷ֣ϲ
侪ҶأҶ֮ǵ㲻ˡ
Ҷѣ
ҶǫӦ
ҶʲôʱϾһҪ̸ң
̸ʥŮЦ⡣
ΪһʥصʥŮ̾Ůپ£۲תʥʧģʿ
һĻܶʿһĸоȴһ취ҲûС
ߣû׼Сءˣ̸ʥӵģȻڵԺʥŮʥӵģ̸ʥ֪ǽˣץŹأ
˵͵ĳԲ˵ᡣ
Ҷ򵥰ô׷ﵽ֮ͨ󣬿ûжѹˡ
ʥеУҶȻʥصʥӣֻһСеĵӣʵǱЩʥǲ
Ҷͻúܶ˶˾޴ѹҪͻƣͱ׷ˣ
ɫܵˮһĳ鴤֮ǰ˵ҶƫǱѾþˡ
Ҷȴʵжݺݳһƣ
һʱ䣬Ҷķͷ׸ǹˣһʱ˿Ա⡣
ͬʱѧԺһҲĵ˵ĪǱҶɱģΪľɱ˶ᱦ
Ȼ˵ȴвѡţΪҶʵ̫ǿˣûԸ⿴һ˺ϣǵķͷѹȥ
Ĺƨһ˵Ǳɱأҿñ˭᣿бó֤
Ϣ֮󣬺˵һվΪҶ壬ֱЩʥӼǿߣ˿壡
ˣΪүүǾŴ󺷷֮һܹ޼ɣûгɳ֮ǰ̫ˣ
ʥӼӦ
־͹ƽһսսԹԣӦս𣿡
۾ʱˣ޵ļʥ֮⣬¹˭
øһʶ
ûӦսҲûзԼţԾΪĪֵ˵Ҷйء
һҪһ
ܶ˶ڽţӥɴܴѹ
ȻҲȥܹԵɱ˷Ż𣬻ʬ𼣵ĺۼ뵽Ҷʱ䣬ҲΪǺҶйϵȴûȷ֤ݡ
˵ˣȷ֤ô
ԺϲҪҶһִϻܴԺȥ
οĹ۲죬Ҷɱ޹ˣҶɱˣҲ³
һУҶûᣬ˻صס
Һдһ£ͻ֮󾿾ﵽʲô̶ȣ
ʯҰ˫۷ȵضҶǼʵĺӿ˾ŮҪҶд裬Իɹ
ã
ҶûоܾҲ֪Լͻͨʵ׳ɳ˺ֵز
һųǵĹ̨ϣ̨רΪԺд輼նģзӵķƣõĻٵ
Ӻ˿ʼÿ˶Ҷſֽдһ
Ȼ˶ûжȫ
𾪣
Ҷûͨ£ŰֵĻᶼûС
Ǹ̬
űҶ۾ᡣ
̫ǿˣƾܺɨͨڵǿߣ𳤸п˵
ǿˣ滳ǲսĺᣡ
ʯҰһҡͷһ˵ҲҶòᡣ
ϰףдһ£
Ҷ˼ȫ֮Ŀ˰ǡ
һҲǳǿʱΪǱǣҲһ°ǵĳɹ
໡
Ƕ˵ֱ͵ϮһҧҶĴϣʱ·ҧһ

Ҷˣһһкֱӿɣֺ׼мܡ
Сﱾͻˣһ㣡
ϴҧҶƣӦϽɫİһκβֺ
һĻú˵ĿɿڴǵҲ̫ǿˣ
ء
һǺ㬵ĵˣСƤҧҲóԣ
ҶѪѾһˣΪ֪ҶѪҺ̺ʿ˵ֱȻҩ
Ҷʵڱ̬ҲֻҶһŵӡûҧơ
ˣҶӣʲôͨ
ҶͰǵǴսͻȻ뵽ʲôǺʵ


1381 ͨ
ʿͻƵͨʥתΪ֮⣬һؼԪν֮ͨ
ҲͨԴ
껣ؼĻԪأϻͨ
ৣ
껵Ļ˶ΧһؿҶ֪ʲôͨ
֪
ڴĿ⣬ҶЦʼ磬ûиоԼʲôԪͨ
ɣȻ֪ʲôͨ
ԣһͻȻüʲôƫŵļͨɣ
֮ǰҲ˱Ԫͨʵġ衱һöûУܹؼá
ȻκźʥضǱȽϳġһڣڴսʱǶ˰
˭֪أһȥĥһ£ȷٸǡ
ҶҲе㲻ҪһЩߵͨĻӿɾʹˡ
һŸɢȥҶԼĶչأŪԼʲôͨ
ǲûһسǣ
˵ߵ·˶ͬҪսͻơ
ҶҲΪİȫģһ˭ʵǿѪֻҪرǿޣԱ϶ûġ
ص֮Ҷֱӹر˶һռ֮УʼԼͻƺ󾿾ʲôͨ
һ㣬Ҳƣģκͻ֮ǰѾȷԼԪأͨҲǹ̶ģҶνһ
ûͨȻûͨ
Ҷڸֱ֮ɵˣͻ֮ͨ󣬱Ȼһ֣ͨȻһͨûУʲôԭ
ţ
ϸϸ֮Ҷ֣ԼûͨͨԣһͨԪطȴûκһԪͻġ
⾿ô£
ҶԼ򵽵һϺгϣܹԼһ𰸡
Ҷϵüͷ˳˼֮С
ǵ۱飬׷ھ߶꣬ʶǳ㲩ֻڵ۱֮սУҲˣܶණˡ
ŵ۱һ޸ļҲڻػָţ˿̣ڵ֪Ҷ֮ŬȥӦʲôͨ
ҶҴϣԼȴ䣡
ʱ䣬϶û˵ҶҲû˵һһپְռи顣

̧ͷ·һ˺ܶһ˫ȴ˷ܵĹâ
Сӣĺˡ
ϸ̾˵Ԫ뱸ȴûκһ֣֮ͨǰܹӦڷͨ
ͨʲôͨ
Ҷһʱû׹ʵ
ܼ򵥣ضʱڣз㶼ЧģֻܺⲫȴԷʹ÷ϻЦ˵
ʲô
Ҷ۾һӵԲˣȻͨ²ûĻôԼǿԺɨͨ
иԪ뱸һ壬зЧģͨúˣԿԳ䲻Ŀٻж֡
Цϵƶʢĳա
ò˵ҶˣͨҲô޵ļ˶ѡ
ûгֹͨˣһ֣Ȼˣ
ϵƲ⣬Ҷܹ֮Ĺͨԭ
һҶǺĴ֮壬̺֮Ԫ޲УӵиԪص
ڶǰ޹˵ʥ̥˵·һ΢棬
ߵӣʹҶ̺ؼеԪأ֮ǰҲйһЩ򣬵ȴûвκһԪصԲŵɾźķͨ
ŬСӣͨɱﵣúøȡô죡
϶ͨƳ籸ȻҲܵĵһ˾۵Ӱ졣
һģ
Ҷ˫ȭĹâֱͨΪһ㡣
޵У˫ټϷߵͨ˵ͬ޵УȻǺһСսЩǿˣҲ˿塣
һҶ˶Լźͨĸ֮С
УһҲﲻæΪͨҲһ֪ѡ
պҶأʯȥȡʯ
ӥɵİź͹֮󣬿ʯĳֱһֻ۱һֻۣʾҶȡãֻҪ裬öٶС
ԴˣҶﻹ
㽫ʯһ룬λһĳ鴤۵Ѫȴʲôû˵
ҶߺλֱҵӥɣҶȡ˴ʯӥɽ˻㱨
Сݣ
ӥҲ۽ֱû˵ֱԺ㱨˴²ҶĹ׵۳ɾǰʮһٴε
ûй׵ĻϷҲԣй׵㣬ǾͱϷ򲻿ˡӥҧź˵
ȻˣЩҶǲ֪ˣСɽʯר
ڸߵͨͬʱҲûǶԼʵ
ʥ̥ڵ۷壬ٵͻͨҶȻÿһߵúܼʵҲЩǣеһͻЩ̫ˡ
ԣҶЩʯûпʵȹ̾ͬʱٴνʥ̥һ顣
ʱҶ·˾ӨһӲԣһſѨ·׺ҹеǳһ㣬˸Ԫ
һ϶е𾪣ͻ֮ͨҶƺøԿ͸ˡ
ѻɽʯҶԪϼһ㽫ΧͿ
ҶڻɵһḶ́ҲһѵḶ́ʯͬʱҲʹʵȲ
ͬʱҲ׷ױչء
ΪǱҶĳɼ̼òᡣ
ˣ
ԭǲûнҶΪһʥ̥϶ѣ̶²ʱ䣬Ҷʥ̥׷˺ܴΣС
֮ؾγһ׷Ҹϣ˭Ҳи糱Щ֮һݣҲҪͨĲԡ
һǵܸͻƵĻڽȻᱻԶԶ˦ʧȥ·ĻᣬӴˡ
ÿһţһ֤ģԼͬǿߣ




1382 컯
ʱۣתۼ¹ȥˣԺһ֮ؾѾȥˡ
Դȡʯ֮Ҷһֱڱչ֮Уûпأ˭Ҳ֪ھﵽʲô̶ȣû֪ʲôͨ
Ҷչºһ죬ˣ˻ɢŹâ˫纣
γأĿȫͨԣԼһ˵λã
ܶΪ˹ۿһĻǰأܷ˳ͨηԼۺʵĲԡ
˵ĹעֵķǳȻƽûκʶϵĲԵøĪ⡣
˵Ĺע£ݵĲţһ۷壬մ£ȴûҶ
һ㣬Ҳ׼ϾͷĶأʵС
ûҪԭǵһβԣѾԹˣѧԺĳǾܵĳĽۡ
ͨŵԣֻͨغԣˣȻܼѣվ˳ͨˡ
Ŀ׼ţǰûͨһҪͨ
ϵ͸򣬶ѾһЩµĸ⣬һܹͨԡ
Ҷһʥ̥۷˶ͨԼ츳ʵԣһҲȱ˲һͨ
ѵս뽫ھŲľλ콾ȫնɱ˳ͨĲԣΪһеڶλͨĵӡ
ıԺĳǶΪ֮𾪣
ΪҲͬͻˣɹͻﵽͨڣ˺ƴ١
ȻˣٵǿȺȻҲǺҶȣֱС׼ףûȡ
ܹ٣ϲע⵽ĶţĳɾͲ
ȻͻˣҪˣȻᱻԶԶ˦
ͻʱ٣ܶǶ޸п˵
ǰҶñݺ޵еǸܵ˾޴ѹƵǲòŬӶͻƣȻᱻ̭
ͻ֮ҶϢϣܺҶдһҶڱչУԸˡ
֮һս
ҶչصĶ˵һ䣬ڵĶȥ
ֺ֪ʣһҲԼɹͻˣͻҲԶˡ
ûеȥֱٴαչأԼľ硣
ٴβܺĵ죬һǿϢչصĵط
Ҳˣ
ѡһģһҲǳصĵһʱٴμԼ
ȫ֮ͨһ·ھŲ㣬Ȼðɹͨˡ
̶̲ʮʱ䣬һһ͵ڶȺͨвԣ˴̼÷衣
·ƺõһȫ֮ͨ΢Ϣһ£ϱֱԼ٣͵ƹأ
ӥɴһӣֱӽȳ˹ųǣųȥɽ١
ȻϲԶѾע⵽ȻҪϲԵĿ飬гɳסǾֻǰ
˳ȹ١
ͬʱйҶҥȴԽԽ࣬˵Īֵ˵йϵ
Ȼûȷָ˾Ҷ֣֮˼ȴԲˣɵӶ
ѹӥɷҶĿǰڱչУܱţ֮ԼԵ飬˽Ժ˭Ҳ׼ˡ
ִ϶˵ˣҲûʲô˵ˡ
ӥȻܺƵӣȴԺģԵ˽
ڽļУ½ͨȫԣ侪ΪޣΪǿˡ
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⣬ÿһʱͻƣٲϽ١
ӥȻæýͷöȴĺãһµӹȻܶ࣬ӭС١
Ҫ֪ʿУм˾پͺܲˣЩΪĥ¼ѡͻƣĿľӡ֤Լĳɹ
ҰʯҰרӹųǵһַеõһרʶĲз
ܱԺϵģȻţٶȺܿ죬֮ؾĻ£ǵĽһǧݡ
һЩǰĵǵĴ̼Ҳ׷ͻƣų⼸Ĳˣܶ޶㵽˸çɽ֮С
࣬ƵĻǲ⵽ǵɳȥ½ǵĵӣ
ϵçɽߴڷ˷ŭųǶڲַƶ˸
һ˿ֲĴڣعҲ۷߾֮ǻпѾﵽ߾ʥ
һ죬Ҷˣ
ڳصĵһʱ㱻ӥɽ˹ȥѯʽĪּ˱ɱ֮¡
ǵûκιϵ֪ô¡
ҶܿҥԵȥңҲ壬Ǿ
Ҳû˵ɱǰĺˣѾѹȥˣ˸Ե޹ʵ鷳
Ҷɱӥüͷһ£ҶҪԻᴦ
ӥɵסҶû̻ȥչء
ʱıչ࣬⾳ȫȹͨ似ĸҲһ㡣
֮һһڣǱչҲãûǸ̶ȣԣҪ֮һ¡
һ̣ʲôҲ룬ֵڹųǵɢߵһЩɣŽСˮĵ
ڳʱӥԵŵȥѡһ似ÿԺĵӶеȨѾѡˣֻһֱڱչ֮УûѡԼ似
ԺʷƾãܶǿߣһЩǿɣ֮ǰصѧԺΪѧԺף߾һЩǿ似
Ҷûֱȥŵѡ似Ŀĵڹųй䡣
߹ˮСţ·Ҷɭ֣֪䣬ҶȻ˹ųɱ
ߴɱѧԺı־ɹת˵ġ
Ȼˣû֤ģΪԺʱɱѾˣԺĵһԺ˵ɱ㲻ҲǴ۵ֱʡ
վɱǰҶų羴ΰɱȻġɱϵ·
ɱɹת·ǳӣҶɱ֮Уʱţɱϵϡ
ţ
ͻȻҶɱƺһвȱɢֻ֣һУȴˣ׽޷ݡ
һ컯
ҶǿеļʼġɢֵһЩ·
Ȼ
ɢǲȱģ޷ʩչطƺĥˣ޷
Կܷԭ
ҶʶУһѰ˷Դ
ৡ
Ҷϴڵ˫ֻ硣
ɲǼ䣬һϢҶӦɢֵȫ·




1383 ɢ
ʱת˲ţҶġɢ֮е·ȫĥʧˡ
˼Ϊͨ죬Ҳɢֵķֺǳʧˡ
Ҳ˵ΨҶõȱɢ֣
ɢû֣һжѡ
ҶԺһ֣һе̫ǿˣȻһӽ˴룬ȫδй顣
Ҫ֪ӵһ̥ʮŸ̥纣൱ͬʿİٱɺԣȻֻʩչһαĵɼôĿֲ
񵽱ˣ
Ҷţ첽뿪ŵ
عŵĳ϶ҶǳϤҲ֤ʲôֱӽһƫ֮Уźܶǿ似Ժռǿߴ似
ҶУûѡ
Ϊ̫似ˣȡᡣ
ÿһλǿߣͨΪԼԺ似»ʱ򣬹򷨣γԼķҪġ
գҶѡ˰˽ȭ似Ϊעǹǽȭͷֱӡ
ǿõ
˽ȭ˼壬ǰȭһȭһ磬ȭܵ
һּԵȭȣȭƤë㲻ϣûдȭĺġ
ȷԼѡϵļ£Ҷ֮ӡԼʶУϵл֮߳˹ŵ

ڹųǵĶһ¡Ļ·һɽȸȫޣһƬţֻغҪһֲûУͺͺġ
ǹųеĽκ˲ÿԺ͸Σա
Ϊо͸طԺʧʮ۷ǿߣԺʵ˺һӡ
ʮ۷ǿڽӽ⴦֮ϢĻ˷ɻңһ㷴ûС
գһԺԳ֣ڿɵʱ򣬸ܵһĪΰը
ԺԺ㽫ﻮΪ˽κ˲ýӽⷢ⡣
ҶפãԹųлĵطв졣
˵ųӦԺģûһܹ֪ʲô
۲˺ܾãҶͻȻ֣һ޴ķ㣬·һһ
һĻôĻ᲻ųأ
ҶипҲǲģûӹʱС
һ죬Ҷûڸڹųߣڸųеϡ
ڰ죬Ҷ˰ǡ
ʱûһԽ׳ͷţߡ
չôãҲûһ½˰ɣ飬һȥɱô
ٴμҶ̱ܵҶı仯ƺǿˣ±ߥȥóȥ֡
ڰǵߥ£Ҷٴ⣬뵽çɽֵȥɱޣ˳һԼʵ似
һΣҶûдɱ䣬רЩԼʵ֮䡣
ֵ춼ˣҶǣЩʵǿޣѴ֮㽫Щػıҩ͵С
УҶᵽɢֵ
ڴսһͨ۷޵ʱҶʹҲܽɱʩչɢ֣һȥɱѹ£ֱӽͷ޴˷ɻҡ
ǿͨ۷ްֻһܹİ壬ҲҪһֽŲܻɱȻСһ֮±˷ɻң𣿣
һԿƤֱ
Сӣʲô似ֱ̫ˣڸҰɣ۷Ź⣬ȻóҶղʹõ似ֲܿ
ⲻģרŸഴɢ֣һжѣ
ҶҡͷԸ⴫ڣķʽͬǸͲѧûᡣ
Ϲ˵׷ǲҲǸ·˴ģѧ𣿡ǲţԼ츳ǳš

ҶΣֱӽɢִʶ֮УԼȥ
֮󣬰йˣ߷ߵתķʽͲԣô޷ʩչˡ
˵ˣˣ㲻ţ˰ɣ
ҶЦ

ԣֱҧҶ
çɽĥ˰£ҶŷͶ԰˽ȭɢֵĸص˹ųǡ
Щ޶ɱģûͷǰæ
ҶϽʬ壬ӥˣʮͷޣûһͷͨڵģȫͨںͺڵġ
ĺҶܹԽɱЩޡ
Ͼ޵ķԶͬʿЩޣ󲿷ֶһûж˿ڣΨһ˿ڶѡ
Ȼˣڵ޺˶ѾȡˣӦõģѧԺֻҪ޵ⶨӵĹֵˡ
Щ޵ʬȻҲ˷ѣͨڵ޲˵ǱѪ̺֮Ĵ֮󣬶ʿǳкô
֮ؾеЩÿյʳЩ޵⣬ϸҩȪƶɣʳþԴ档
ţ
Ҷͷ
ðɣһὫĹֵȥġ
˵꣬ӥɱ㲻ҶǽÿһͷۣǼԱ㻻Ҷܹõٹֵ
õֵҶûмֱͣȥʯٴȡ˴ʯصԼĶٴαչأ
µҶջǳ󣬶Ը似͹µĸʶ
ʱչأÿЩʶؽ뵽Լ֮С
ϸҶڵ似Ҳˣо壬鱦Զͬʿ
ȭȻҲһжѣһȭͬܽӵ
⻹аȭ˽ȭ߱ǹȵȣżһȭǿɢ֣Ѿ㹻ˡ
ֻҪܹЩȫ͸Ҷţ£ж֡һɢֱܹͨ۷ǿһĳɷɻң
ҶչصʱУҲڷ˭Ҳ̫࣬Ժ㱻ԶԶ˦ĻǴ̫
Ժ֪ߵغǺܶԺ߳ȥǵĸе
ûԺ֮ǰǶһţ֣ûܹսܡ
ɵԺ֪ԼνŲҹԴ󣬾׹ѣԺʵ̫ˣÿһ˶ǿʵͿֲ츳Ĵˡ
ЩȣܶŶȻʧɫ
ת
תۼ䣬һʱ쵽ˣӥɺͺ֮ܶؾеĳ϶ڽŵæµš
Ҫ߸޵ʬ֮⣬ܶҲҪߣЩ֮ؾеıֺǵս֡
⣬ҪǱ֤յĴ̨һʧܳ˿©
ܶǰԺֹ¹ʡںյʱͻȻ⣬ͨǴӵĳƴһ߾鱦ұĻһŶữɷɻҡ
ǰ֮֮ʦ
ӥɾԸԼг⣬ԣ±عףķǳϸ³ʲô©
뿪٣ܶҲ˱չأ׷ȥšֻغԼʵ




1384 һ
֮ǰÿ¶ȥһ£ԣԼʵλ֪֮ġ
ŵĲԣܶ˶ֹڵ߲ʯף˾޴ѹ޷ٶһ
ȻˣҲ˲аǿӲպıˡ
ЩУΪޣ֮ǰ㱻Ϊܹһ̵ǿߣʵֲ
νţһսǼҳ㷹ܹС磬Сܶ֡
ʣţšֻغȫͨԤʾǳԽޣΪԵʱڵڰ˲㣬ûȫͨ
ȻǿʵȻ˾޴ĺ䶯úܶŶоľ
ϾǰǰͻƵģ
ղԹͻƺѶȴԶǵͨؿɱȣ
Լֻ߲ܵʯףĲҲֻڵ͵ڰ֮ǻ˵һš
˱˵ȻӰ
ͬţôô󣿡
ܶ˶ĸ̾ţ֮ûȣ
ͬһʱֱǱֻܱҵΪǣ޷
뿪ڵˣһ峿֮ؾеӳ˽һʱ䡣
ڶŷ׷׸ϵŵǰĹ㳡ȺعѧԺ
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ҶҲûг֣ĪԾڱչأס
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л˫ؼâ䣬ںڵĳƮžŲʥĹ⻷·١
֮벢ûȵŵǮĹ㳡ϼϣǾֱϵǰ
ʱ뷵ѧԺѾһʱˣ˷׷ײ죬ⲻһʱɲ
Ҫ֪ǲŻǲǿȺֻغǳѹ˵Ҫսˡ
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ܶ˶Ͳסģ׷ŸȥȻŸʱѾŵĶˣɫƽ糣û˿ܵѹĸо
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Ҫʮͺˡ
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˶оǾɱûнۺʵǲͨģ
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Żһͬԡݲʿľ磬ѶȣԽߣҪͨصѶȾԽ
ÿһ磬¶޷ͨԣĿ
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ܳסҪˣȻûгأѵҪزɣһЩŲıԹš
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ھʱѾˣҶȻԾڵģһص˼ûУЩǸⲻޡ
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ӥɰڰ֣Ҷ˵ոսӵԺĴ˵ֻ֮ؾһ꣬һȥԺ㣬Ժ˼أھѧԺ
ǰû°ɣ
ҶһţѧԺʱ͸͵ѧԺҩ⣬ǳʲôˡ
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ӥЦеؿҶ˵
ȻҶƫһЩȲռƣǱдˣʵĺܿ죬ò˼꣬ܳ׷ЩʥӺ͵ǿˡ
ֻҪû¾ͺá
Ҷĵľͷȱָɳʲô׵
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ҶԺľתʶķʽųǶǸƷڣĵط⣬оǽųǵķоһ£պ˵á
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дʵ˵
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ҶֱӸ˰һƣȴǰڴڴδһʱŪ֮ؾİأ




1385 
ҶѾԼĻ÷ǳʵȻûٴͻƣ˴ʯ֮󣬽ͨ˼¡
ϵĻ˵СϣҶûƿģֻҪ㹻ʯ֧ţܹϵͻơ
ΪҶĸι̣ϲûٴͻƣڲϵи似
Ҷõɢ֣ϸ˼ߵۣȭпĳλ̫Ĵġ
ϻһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ֻûиҶ˵
ãѹʮأӲĴҲδܴɢ֣ԴпǴһ׷ļ¾硪ɣ
²ֲ̫ԼȷԱûиҶֻǸɢ˸ףҲ̫֡ɱɢ֣
Ϊɢ־Ҷɱϵõģɱɢʣ
Ȼͨڣûͻƣ
Ҷ˵ʱһЩϷҶľԾͨڡ
ʱЩǺܶ඼Ѿﵽͨڣ½ͻƣﵽͨڡ
Ҷڸս֮ؾһ±ͻƵͨڣ֮ؾ˵ӦܹͻƵͨڲŶԡ
Щ˲⣬ЩֻϾҲһԭǵ˿׷ǶŲ
֮е£
Ƶ˵ΪԺԪŨͻƣڳ˰ɣ
ûͻƣȻᵼ¸ȣͻƵͨˡ
ͻ磬ʱ̫̣ڿܷ⣬ɱػ޷пΪȶ¸صĺ
ߵͣǶ֪Ҷ֮ĳԹȻĴҶ
Ƕ۵ҲõһЩ˵ͬϵĳʶͻƣڶʱڻǿʵȻкܴһпܻٵһʿĸ
Ҳûѡͻƣ뽫ͨͻƼޣ
׳˲ͬĹ۵㡣
ҲֿܣϾδ˼¼㳣ʶûУһЩŵͷֿԡ
ҪͨͻƼ޵ĻôμӲԵĻܷȫͨ
һʱ䣬˷׷׺棬ϾҶһһͨźֻغ̵ͨӡ
ңҶһͻѾȥ˴֮꣬ؾеĻԴ˵Ӧܹͨˡ
ҶҲһ£
ǰǿĳɼΣ
ٴѼȫͨ
Ҷӣ֧㣬¸ҵȥɣ
ܶ˶ڴҶܷһͨȫֲԣĻͨڣĶ֣ǵ崫˵侪ͨڵʱҲδܹһȫ
ȿȡڴˣ̨Ѿûʱȥˣɣ̻ѧԺ
ޱڴҶȥԵʱӥǰǿЦ˵

ܶ˶ɵˡ
ҶҲû뵽ôҪȥˣһˣҲܲһԼûͻļޡ
˵ʲôѾˣ̨Ѿûʱȥˡ
ϾӴ̨ÿοķѵʯֲܿ㹻һеŻ߼̡
ԺȻƴ֣Ҳô˷ѣֳԶĴ͡
Ҷ֮ǰ㻳ɹ֮ؾѾԺˣѾǿ֮С
ִԽǿգԶĴͣķѵʯˣǺܻ֪ܿĲڣ۾͸ˡ
ԺһҲ˼ΣԲκ˷ѡ
̫ϧˣһΪܹٴβԣһҡͷ̾
ǰ뿴ܲٴȫͨϧûʱˣ
Ǻܶ˵
Ҷı̫ޣǺڴҶٴδء
ȥԣҲ޷ȫܴͨﵽˮƽͲˣ
ΪҶܼصʱһгı
ţ
˲һ㶣
ûвԾͶҶ޷ֻͨεˮƽĿŵڮҶҪҶ־
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˵⻰ˣĵ
ѭȥ壬ɵ¶Ȼɫ
Ժһһһˣ֪Ҷۡ
һ£˵ĻҪҶԼɣӶʹ־ȣƵ޵е̬
ϾصѧԺ֮һӻһλΪѧԺԴͨ
ʱƵҶ޵̬ʱڱбԼãпΪһ
Ϊﵽ磬͹çܵľ磬似鱦ͨս伫
ֻҪ΢Щ覴ãпܳΪ˹Ŀ꣬һܹ߽һߵĶ־Ӷ׽ܡ
ʽͨ£Ҫ˵һްܣǼǲܵģǹۣ֮Ҳпӱܵʱ򣬵ֻҪ־ݻ٣޵еڣǾܹ֮·
µ־һʿû־Ҳ͵ǳ׵İˣԶֵʱû޵еʵʤ֣Ҳһġ
ĻҶûз֮ļʯɴݻ٣Ǽ仰ܹӰ˵ģ
û⣬Ҷؿһۡ
ߣ
ҶеͲмλ󶯣ȴвʱֻ֣һתȥ
ҲǵһκˣһҪ˵һ£עⰲȫκ˲ϵΪֱѧԺ
ۿϣӥɴ˵ϴ̨ɨһˣ档
һݣæվãûһ˸˵ˣŵоĵģ·
ˣ
ʱӥɳһţ׼˴ƣһĿĹâ˸˶鲻Խı۾
ٴ۾ʱѾ֮Уδ֪ǰۣ
䣡
֪˶ãһѿҶӥɵĴ£׹һ̨ϣȻѾصѧԺС




1386 ־ͬ
ѧԺ룬籡Ԫˮ죬·Ȫٲϼĺ¡
һ죬һӴ֮ؾлعӣ˫۾ĳأصȴš
ԺԺֻվź͵ǿˡʥغϴڵʥӣԸ򣬸۸ӣһҲвٹڴˡ
һɽɽͷϣһŵ°ɫȹɣвʧϣ·һ̶һ㣬˿ס
Ƕ֪Ǿ۱ʥŮҲǾ۱һθļ̳ˣһΪӭӾ۱ʥӽ𳤸
߲ԶһħӰɢű뺷Ϣ
˱ͷۣ¶⣬룬ըĴ⬣һͲ֮
ôҲˣ˲ʵ
Ͳ֪˰ɣһµһк˵ˣֵܣܲ
ܶ˶ԺҲ˸е𾪣ΪѧԺŽйǣӲȺ°ǿʲôֵӣ
ˣĪǾŴ󺷷еĵĺͨѹֺӣүүھŴ󺷷ͺͨϵãǵعϵҲˣ
ʱǲŻȻ򣬿г˾壬һԵǿߣʵǳǿ
Ƿ׷ײ²ʱһӰͺߣǲ֮ͨؾǴؿȥ
˾ռ콾˾ƣôҲˣû˵һе˭ߵý
˾Ƴ֣ܶ˱ʾ⣬ΪһУƺû˺찡
վһ𣬾Կ岻ˣܶ˶ԾԶһЩԸ⿿̫
ڵ⴦ɽͷ֮⣬طҲвˣڵȴԼˡ
ѧԺУʵǿȻҪÿҪύ־ͬϵѲС
ΪԴѧԺУÿһʱͻпսԼǰˣȡøõκԴ
ಣ
ڴҽȴʱӥɳϳˣҶûгϴ죬Ǹ߲׼۲µɱ΢ɱ˶ữΪѪ࣬궼ñɱ
߳ɱ֮ӥɳ΢΢һЦɨһ˵ˣתҶ˵СǣӭúϢɣλУ֤ԼøԴѻᣬúŬɣ
ಣ
£ӥɳӰһһɣʧУȥԺϲ㱨ȥˡ
Сܵܡӭ
Ҷ߳΢Цӭȥһһк
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Цŵ٩һ飬ǶѾϤˣ˵ȻҲ˺ܶࡣ
СˣƤǰɣҪҪɽǣ
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ˣһջô
ӭͺ֮䣬֪жֲȫԸ¶δ֣˵ˡ
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ھСУصϴײβ֮⣬˵ʵǿˡ
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Ц˵һ˵ķɣʥغ͵嶼
˵Сҽǰɣ
̫ʥӹ껵ɫЩƣûĻض̫ʥصʥⲻǸҩ
󡢿󣬹ֵͬˣ˭ҲͷϰģֻҪ̫ʥصʥλã̫ʥڱʯû˸Ҷһ죬ε˵
һǸСĳŵҪ֪Ŵ󺷷˺бӵвƵ۱ĵ嶼ܵõǵչˣԼʥ֮λǰ϶ˡ
ǳڶʥصĳԶչǣʥҲὫλôС˹ϵĪӶ֤̫ʥڱʯҵϴ١
ǾͶлˣΪʥغ͸λˣ
ҲԼĳŵܹõŴ󺷷˵ӵ֧֣ʲôǿʥҲÿеף˺תŶ
أ˾ռڱҲвҵ˾Ц߹˵
㻹ǻˣҪЩ˾ֻתˣ˾ռĲҵҲˣ
ڿЦǿ֮ϧģ˾˽һ֮࣬ûƴƣÿζ˾ƺȵöᡣ
⻹࣬ѵýҾһ飬ȥСһôһΪҽӷϴԤףλλȡĺóɼ
˾Ƶõ˵ֺͬѧԺȥ
Զ̸ʥŮĬĬؿҶıӰ
Ů˵ĵи۱ʥŮƺҶĪ㺡
뵽Ҷ֮ǰͬס˼飬˵į̾˿תȥˡ
ѧԺиԺֻϺ⿪ľ¥ǲûȥֱ߳ѧԺɽȥ
ԺǸϺ꣬ԵëѧԺпľ¥ݳ۸ס
ԺܶӶʵļţ㾡ȫһţڿȻҲ̫ˡ
ʿҲˣҲҪڽŵ֮һº쳾Ϣ¥ʿϾʱĥʱĺȥ
ʯҰͺ˵˶ƷҶգȻ֪һҲѧԺЩѷɫ
һаһɽˮСɽȣҰʯҰŴɽһܿ㿸һͷмǧص޻ˡ
һͷ㣬Դһ˿ѪŬĻһ߻ܹڵѪӶ£
ϧͷҰʯҰֻΪ˵вˡ
ҶԶ֣ͷϴɾѪеɱɾֳǧ飬ռȡڶζϣܺȡȪˮʼ⡣
⣬ҶҲֳһѻȡ׵ǹһϰٽص⴮ڻտ
ΪѾﵽͨڣȴͬҰһˣΪ˵ĿʳҲΪˡ
һ΢ЦؿææҶ֮вгź桪һﲻ֪Ƿ񴳹šֻغ




1387 һࣿ
Ԫ뵣ɽ˱ǣڣҶ顢𳤸˵Χһ𣬴еⷭɢ˱ǵζ
һߣʯҰתҶ׵ǹרտ⣬һ⸬֬ڻУž
ڻԻһ̳һ̳ƣ˱ǣ΢ƮԶǴڳ⣬ȾƣֶǢ
ⲻʶ壬ڼȷϵʳģһ߳ۡ
ҶղǼƸóҲôζʳ
˾һ߳ԵһߺŶҶ˵Ҷӣɴ˾ռ䳤ϰɣֻҪָҼǱĳӼоУ
õҶӣͬˣôҲøȥתתɣ˵
˵ͬˣһЩζĶϰ״ҵĳ͵ģҲͬˣҶЦ˵
ۣ
պһھƣ̿ʱһЦһ˼ҵʯ⻹㣬Ȼ˼ҵĳһˣҲ̫
ĿɿڴðųҶĴֵָܣҷˣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ȿȡϰ׸ɵģҶһ̯˫֣ȫƸǣʾԼ޹ġ

һԣʵ̫⡪Ȼ˼ҵĳˣбı
ˣԳˣ
Ҷָ£ʯҰܿѧµտʱһˢտζûȫ͸ˮ
⿾úֱӴ׵ǹߣһԵòϰ죬޲ָͷ˱һ顣
׵ǹȻǷƷҲԼģֻǺƷ׵ǹȲǷȱѣҲԺһɱеױȴΪһȺԻǤӣԵĴСá
⿾治ҶӣԺپۻᣬ⿾Ĳ¾ͽˣֻԾˣһ߳һ޲ڡ
ǰǳԿʱô
ֱϴɾڻϿˣҶ־ϸĿȣֱԨ֮
ȻѪϡҲӵѪģٷ̫ݳˣ
һ߿žĳһ߸̾ЩʵܳԵʳ̫ʥؿ¶ûжá
Ҷӣϴͨʲô˵ĥ͸ٸǣһֱû˵ڿ˵˰ɣ˹һ̳ƣһھҶʵ
֪ȲǣʱǸϲҶ˸ӡ
㣡
һ˸ӵĶ
ǵҲûм׷ʣϺĺ٩ģ˵һЩϵ¡
ˣСܵܣ֮ؾӦýв˰ɣͨ𣿡ʱ̲סʵ
⻹˵ҶһֱǸ̬ǵһȫͨԵģźֻغֻһαͨˣΣмֻ죬ˢѧԺļ¼
ѯʣĭĽʺ޵˵
⡭
ȻҶͨԣ˵һʯҰͽ𳤸Ľʺ޵ģʱԭء
Сܵܣ㻹һķɧ
Це̾ţҲѡ
ҶʵԽԽǿԽԽãԼѡ񣬺пܻⱲȷһѡ񣬽Լ;۱޷ĺô
󣬺˾˵һһλϵһЩ飬Ҷ˲ɵҪ˽һЩ
ʵλûʲôصģ˵ѧԺ̼ѧԱŬһֶΡѧԺÿ˵ʵĶֽбλϻúܹõһЩõԴʵͣͲǰĻױսһսܾҪóеԴ
չ򣬱Ĺв׼ɱ֣׼Ϊܶ࣬Ҫսʤֲֻ֣ܽɱúܶ˵ɱﵶ޷ʩչ
˵ĽܣҶɵ°ͣ˼
ɱɢһɢ֣˵ǳ˵۱֮⣬ǿɱˡȭѱ֪
ȻɱɢֲʹãǾֻͨʤˡ
ΪõԴȫԸֻҪɱɢֺ͵۱ɱﵾˡ
Ʊ¶Խ٣ΣյʱܸõĻɲһưոݡ
Ժǻôһ߳Ժҵ˱º֣ò
⣬ҲһǱڵΣգϰӿɲʲôƲ磬ӶԼУ˵ҡҵĴк͸ѱ治գԼ֡

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Ǵ۾ǣ齫ĴѡֶûϵҶʶֻͣ118
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֪βҪˣҶʵΣܹùˣȴҶһһĹע֮Уû˱Ҷʵжǿ

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ȥעѺҶܹڣǮܶ۱׬ˣҲ÷һ
Ժϲһ
סԲţκ֪ǸɵģЩ˿϶ϵϲ¶˽ЦݣңԶٺЦϼһһŮҾǲǳԶʳǳ⣬ϷҲŪȣ
ѧԺеĵ֪ԺҶնڵĻ̾ͻζ
͵ʼǰǸϯȴʱӭһλĿˡ
ž
˽һȭͷ«ǰѺҶʤʮＫƷʯ
ţ
һС«ǸĿռппռƣֻȭͷװһＫƷʯ˿û⡣
˼ؿһۣˣ϶ڹԼ֪˭ȴ֪ţ«ͷʶע
СֶΣҪ̫ˣв˵ҵˣ
ߵʱʶ˵
⣡
ͷһ𣬲֪Ϊ˵
ûعζѺע֮Ѿ뿪ˡ
һԺĵ߹ԥ˵ʥŮѾûʯͱˣй׵㣬Ѻע𣿡
׵㣿
ǿǿԶһʱĶԺĵ˵Ķ
ԣ
ͷֻҪѺ˲Ҫ֮⣬ûҽӵġ
ʲô׵ҲѺעȥѺ
׵㶼գ⶯Żûпһѷȥٴעˡ
ϢһЦҲעˣҶעܴѺԼϣţԼһܹڣҶԲܺԼ
ϣҶǿͬ޵еĴڣͨͨڵǿҲܹսʤ֮
ͨǿߣܹͬԽսţҶͬһˣҲĽ֮ܣ
УҶͲ䵱Ķ֣
ƾҲڣαұҪÿֱӻʧȥսʸʥŮ
˫׹⣬ȭͷ߬ģǽڶˡ
ܣȻܻҲҪƳʵսҿҪнܣ
ͬʱҵ塣
ҶڵĵһмˣʵȻ̫ǿҲͻͨڣҶһͨڶѣţ޷ҲܱƳȫʵ
İɣˣһҾȥ
һµŮʿ΢Ц˵
ɴ⣬Со۵ȭܴҪСġѵ
ʲô˵ҵȭܷŹѧԺлҲҽôһѧԺҾŹģҾѧ⴫
Ϣһ̷ӦʱĵЦˣҶηǵܶڣҿһӶ߳Ժˣ߾ࡣ




1392 ̥

һӵ˲䰲ӥ䳡ɨһˣ˵ǵһıһڶűȣԺʽʼ
Сѭһ飬ڵıѧԺ氲ţҪǳǩζǰźõġ
һʮˣ峡ڶһʮˣ峡Ҫʮÿһռʱ䲻ó㣬֮޷ֳʤĻƽж
ܿ죬Ķֺͳα㹫˳ⶼѧԺ澭ϸصĶԱ֮İš
һһ߶
ڶ껶
Ҷܿ

ٺ١
ԼȻҶһ̲ܿסЦƵҶһۣڴţʵڲãһң
ҵã
ҶǳܿȻʵǿѪûб

ҶһΪȻ˿ûнԼܿһ˫һ˿Ĺâ
ţȵʱ޶ûضȥ
ܿ񰵰ݣһҪҶڽ¡
һ飬һʼ˫̨
ӥɵ߶Ӱһվ䳡޴̨ϡ
ٺ١治ˣһңû˵ģ֮ڣս
ǳûн߶
ǷСҲ·ͷҵҪôнսģ߶һ䣬ɢ˵ĺϵ¶ȶ˲١

߶һһԪɵıУĺסˡ
֪ǳǿһʼûд⣬ֱӽԼǿĹʩչ˳
ȻˮԪصı졪Ԫأ
߶ȻʵȷСܹԪز죡
һµӼֱ̫ǿˣһ򵥣ҪŬˣЩʦսɹĻҪԴҪ̫ˣ

߶ȻˮԪز죬γɹֲıԪأһЩϵӶˡ
е˼ҵĻ䣬нս
߶Ȼʩչ˱Ԫͨбǿâ·𿴵һͷ˵
֪
߶һһˢһȥĵâգһХħԡ
ʱ߶˷·𱻱һ㣬üë϶ű裬Ԫʩչµı֡
ԵһͨͨʿֻҪͨһԽˡ
߶ĸģǳǸ֮ģϯϣһƷһתͷϺʵ
һСģǳڱ֮£˶ܹʩչԪֻͨǿһЩѡϺЦܹյô츳ĵӣҲǳġ
ʱ嶯ˣ˫˲óȭͷһ㵭ɫ档
䣡
һ죬Ȼըѣ
һȭ
һȭ㽫߶ıˣƲ˥ɢɫȭͷֱ߶ؿڻȥ
ৣৣৣ
߶ûϵԼӵһȻԷһȭˣܵǼߵ¶ȣ߶ʱɫһԼǰܣֵȭͷ
飡
һܱ飬ȭͷҲ赲һ£֮ǰơ
飡
ڶܱɫ˿¿ʧˡ
ۣ
ܱˣ㵲סȭͷûͻƽ
ˣ߶Ҳһ亹û뵽ʮ꣬ʵȻǿ
Ҳսڲ׽սȭϣȥδԥһ֣һ׶УݺݵŴȥ
٣
Цһһſһ챾Դ쵶߶ȥ
ף
ʶǿ߶Ҵ⣬ֱԻԼ̥һֻɫɺ׳󣬺ɽһüĴȥ
ͬʱ߶Լǰϣֵ챾Դ
ۡ
챾Դɵ쵶쵶ֱӱˣâֱ߶üġ
ɱ
ʱ߶Ҳκαſ³һ챾Դ쵶ײȥ
䣡
챾Դײһֱӽ֮ջˣγһڴĺڶڶ֮У̨ϻָƽ
ܽУҲˣ
޹ȴûŭǹЦ߶
ٷϻɣҿô֮ڽսġ߶һ˵
ղȻԹУķǳأܲˣΪӣǲҲҪŹУԼȥ
ͨղŵĽ֣Ѿ֪ԪͨרſԼĻԪأ𣬷ͨĻͲƵԼı
߶ʵȷǿܿϧպñֵƣһûˣ
ϯϵĸλ
ƾһɲǵײ㿴е飬׷ҡͷ
ڸλĻ̨Ҳǳͬ߶ʵã̫ùˡ
Ҳû취ﵽ֮ͨÿ˶һԪͨľǽľˮֻԪأԼͨ˵Ķ֣ʱҪƴʵƴˡ
Ȼ䲻󣬵츳ߣҼԴȫԼˣʮﵽͨڣͨĻԪ
֮£߶ȻҲǿԽսһⶼûУͨƵ£Ҫսʤʵ̫ˡ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼ̨ϣܷһл߶ܵĻô֮ǰ˵֮ڽսͳЦ
ৣ
һУȼɫĻ棬·һ㣬ֲĸ½նյñˡ
ʲôȻ̥
治֪˵СӺù˹ʺˣȻ̥ܷӳ˿ֲ
Сӣд֪Լܹͨһ˭һս̥
̥Ȼϯϵļλˣ׷׳ԡ
ʣ̥߶ûκϣˣͨƵģ似ҲδЧ
û뵽ҾȻҪ
̥߶֪Լⳡ䶨ˣҲҪŹУԼ̫ѿ
Ҷۿ̥һ˼




1393 Ҷϳ
̥Ȼһ˶û뵽ġ
ֲʥ̥һ㶼Ǽߣûʲô
Ȼ
彫̥֮ͨԴˣ˿ͻ̥ʿ
ڿ̥֮߶֪ⳡôˣԼ䶨ˣΪ˲̫ѿҲƴˣ㱩¶ԼǿĵҲϧ
û뵽ҾȻҪ
߶һҡͷһ߿Լǰ㾧ɫıϣйâһһɫشС
꣡
ش֣߶һµʯˣɼشж
ʲôûãɣ
һȣ˻һ⣬̥ųҵĸ£ܣݺݵشϡ
ˣ
һƵľ촫شһɵɨˣţ̥߶ؿڣֻҪ±ܹ˲ҪС
ҡˣ
߶ɫ԰ףѪɫʾû뵽ԼشҲûܵסһ
˵õ֮ڽսֻУ
Ȼ񣬵ȷпʱʵǿͨƣ֮ڻ߶
ʤ
ӥʱУ߶˷ֿ˱߶˵Ҫ٣㲢ʵϣȥϢɣڴںıгɫı֡
ллϣһģ
߶߬һȭͷޱĿ˵һֱۣȥ
ڶʼ˫̨
ӥûɪĻᣬֱӽ̨˵ڶĿʼ
ڶ̫ʥӹ껶һ̨ûӥ˵ʼֱӶˡ
һĻӥһ˿âûֱֹգڿм֮ı
սپΪıڳʱ䣡̫ʥӹ껴˵
⣬ʮ֮ھʤ
ҲܿԴоԶʥʥӣ˿壬Ƶ͹ƴ˸൱
顭
ϲϴһײɼ֮սôңֻ̨ܿӰһ𣬸޷ʽ
ԺĵӣڣȻܹ˰˭ҲռˣԲܴôҡ
ϯϣλҲһĻĻʵıסˡ
ԺϺЦ͵˱˼ҵļϵԼɽһĵ൱⡣
Ψһеˬľ֮ؾӣ͵ʴס
ȻҲ֮ؾĹųΣգпٻسǵ̨Ҳп䣬󣬸ȻŸ߷գûѵ͡
̤𣡡
껴һһͷɢɫ֣ҡͷԵȥ
̤գ
Ҳһһƥ񿥵̤뱳ϲȥ
ߴ
̫ʥйâһһУ·ѹһ㣬ݺȥ
ţ
һĻҶľ껵Ľ̫ˣ֮ǰŴ̹ߴڵʱ㷭ࡣ

гһ񱳵һݺݵȥâɣա
ȣ
һȣ˫ֶ·ĿĹâҶԷߣݺݵ񱳵ȥ

һ죬ĺ񱳵֣ûڷ飬̲סһ
һе֣ٴδһɫĻ沼ȫ϶һϻٴȥ



һ崸Ļ棬ֱӽ岽еĺ񱳵Ҳķˡ
𣡡
һߴһֱӽշ˳ȥݺݵײ˷ϣѪ㽫ˡ
Ҳִ֪磬ܿش֣Ƿ棬شֱѧԺ
ӥɽһƣȻñչȥˣƲأ΢һ£ιһŸԪıһ
ʤ
ӥޱ˱
ԺûеǿˣûʥӣǱӡһĵҲûãֻ֣ûݡ
ڹߴͬʱϻҲֳʤԻص˵ڣסǵơ
ǿϾʿ̥ûʶܹ֮սҲָӡ
ڹռϷ֮ϻҲѹԵƽŰһ
ܿ죬ѹ֪ˣи⸴ӣҶţ˭Ҳ˭٣Լˣ
ıҲܹܶͣڴоԶʥʥмôѾǳˡ
ӥɰο䣬̨ʼ
ಣ
ܿӰһһ̣Ѿվ̨ϣҶȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˹̨·ɢһѹûнıϡ
СӿɹģܿѾˣȻܿҪ治֪ĵʲô
ҶǸʥŮʵСӣҲûʲôرİ
ҪնڣҰϴˮˡ
ҲҪô˵Ǵ˺ü¼ĹֲţҵõϲԽӼѧԺм٣

Ҷ˹ĵ̨˷׷ۣһЩ˺޲ֱ̨֮ܿҶһ١
ǶܶڣȻҶΪɱĺٱһЩ⣬ϣܻʤ
ܣſ¡
ܿ񣬼ͣˣĵ
ͨڶѣҲܹڣֱЦ
Ҷ̨̨¼ˣ˺ҶϵĪĺ˺ʯҰǣ˶
飬ɺˣ
һ˸߹һ˵ҶűӿЦڵĴţǽ˻Ͽ

ӥɶȥˣһ˵ѹȥ
ӥ޵ĳƺţԺеûвģһ̰Сۻеģֻǲٸ浽̨ϵˡ
ȻҲ֪ʥŮΪλѡ㵱ţҿҵĶ֣ɣ
Ҷվ֮ܿ˵е㿴ȥˣҶԵҲ߯˵㣬ûΪʹ
ǲĶҪȹ֪ûϰߣְɣҶһƽ
ãȻ㲻䣬ҾʹΪֹ
ܿ׹һս쭡
ԼʵģұδĿ궨Ĳ͡Ҫսѡ֣ҲҪɱǰ
ĵһսҪӮҪӮƯ
һҪԼʵҲǸҶһҶ֪νĶֻһЦ




1394 ţС
Ҷ䶨ˣͨڶѣܹԽսҲУܿһԽսʵ
ڷƨţܿʲô˲ģҶӲĻжŲ˵ۣ͸úܶ˶뱩һ١
뵽֮󣬺ܶ˶ѡ˳ĬΪŴ󺷷˿ɲǺǵģڰǰ˵үүϼֵܷʥǹؼʱŲƵĵ۱ϵĻǵˡ
嶼˭ǣ
ûʽʼϯͺѾˣܶʤĵӺͺˡʯҰ˾Ƶ˱չ˴ǹལս
ְɣûлģ
ʱܿ˵ˣͨûչֳôվţһҲûнҶ
ҶӣᵽٿΪֹ
ܿһּįӣ˾һţҶ֡
Ҷԣ΢΢һЦûºֵĴ㡣
ΪܿȻܼڶԿг˴Ϊºպչֵͣ𾴡
ȳְɣûȳֵϰߣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͬûչͨΪûҪ
ã
ܿ񱩺һȻţҾԸֻҪֵܵʮо䡣
£ܿһϵ·˲ը¶һǿļ⣬ӲĻһ㣬·Ĺâ
һ̣ԭͷǳǿ׳ָܿߴ˼֣һ˫쿪ȣ߬ɰѪһ㡣
⻹
ֱһͷεް
ǲܿȻǿ󣬿ϵѪѾˣ˷
򣡡
ܿһȣ˶ȭͷڵһҶؿںȥҵȭâѹһ֮ڣ̫Ҫҫۡ
Ҷһ䣬֪ܿһȭ̽ԵĹԸûжܣһȭӭȥ

ҶһȭɵΪһʼͽܿܣһȭ㹻ؿڵİӴˡ
䣡
˵ȭͷײһҶһˣϹŵЦݣûãɵ
ȻӣջظղŵĻ
һУܿ̽Ҷʵɲ⣬ȻûжͨƾҲԺԼ¡
ֵȫ֣ҪСˣҲκα
ܿһ˫۱һ߳Ľ⣬һ˫糵һҶȥ
裡
ܼҵĳһʩչأһƽһƣÿһ¶·һɽѹѰʿһƾĳࡣ
ܲ似ܼܹô겻Ȼеġ
ϯϣһͷޣܿһֹܶ˶㲻ͨҲֲܿ
ܿѾʩչ˿似ҶĿºܿͼֲסˣȻᱻķɳȥ
ܿ似ʩչ˳һ崩һӵֻ˵
顭
գۼ䣬ҶѾܿײʮƣ籼ڵĽӣ಻ݣϽɫİ֮
ԽܿԽľҶֲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ûѹƾ磬ͨڵʵûʩչͨҲӦһͨڵʿӲġ
Ҷÿһƶпֲ֮ɵ
һ﾿ʲô̥Ȼһǿǻˣ
ܿƣһֱΪľԼǿ쾹ȻҪֲģײȻ˵С
ǶԷľ绹Լûѹƾ£һͨڵСʿò£Լʲôʸǰ
ܿƵʱ򣬺к˺ʯҰȴֱֵ졣
ɵðҶӱǿȣⲻŰ𣿡һЦһ˵
û
ʯҰʾͬԿսѪŶҪԱ񣬸˵ܿˡ
⡭
ղ˵ҶȻᱻķɵǸ˷·𱻺ݺݳһƣͨ죬һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ԣҲˣܿȻǿ󣬵ȴκβҶôãԷ½Ƕû
һ׿ܿˣԼڶˣԷȴûһŲŲһ¡
زܿҲʲôԾѹˣԣҶȻֻͨڣϾѹһͷ
ΪӮñܿھͨˣԼһϣûУһһΪһòͷҲ䡣
ӡ
ܿһȻһɫĴӡâ˸ӡƺģȻ£Ҷѹ
ͨԪأﵽ֮ͨ󣬽򵥵Ԫͨһӡɱﵡ
׼һսǰģҶһضȥĻ̸ǰ
֮£ֻýɱǰ¶˳ţӡһԼӮˣҶܵסɽһĴӡ
⣬Ҳţڴӡµһ˲䣬ٴγȥһȭҶؿںȥβˡ
ܿȻ޳˺ӡֱ̫ǿˡ
Ҷ䶨ˣͨǿĺӡҲֻһ;
һĻܶʿ׵ضǣҪԿ˿ֲĺӡףοҶͨڵΪˣ
ɣҲұ֤᲻ˣ
ۿҶҪѹںӡˣܿ΢Щ̣һߴһȭһ˵
ллĺ⣬Ҳģ
ҶչһЦղѾ׼ܿܵѵˣȻǵԼİȫôԼͲºˡ
㡭
ܿ㱻Ҷ仰ҭʱˣȻ˵Լ治֪
֪ˡ
Ŀ֮£ҶûжܣǵһУȵؽӡУôһȴɽĺӡܿ
ৣ
ܿŵɫһ䣬æԼǰܣֵҶĽ
Ҷſһɽĺӡٶȿ϶죬ԼֻҪһʤԼġ
Ȼ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ

һı촫ӡҶһȭ򴩣׷ըѡ
һ̡
͵ܿعʱ֮ϽɫȭͷѾǰͲԴϡ
ҡ䣡
ܿһվԭأһ۾ɵúҴϳŴɬѿ䣬ȴȫ




1395 Ұ
䳡һƬžϯеԺӶҶˣ
ϯϵλҲǾȲѡ
Ȼǲ֪ܿĺӡжֲԲˣܿҲὫɱˡ
Ȼ
Ҷȴֵסⷽӡһֻźӡͬʱһȭܿµӡֱӽȭͷܿ۰ǰ㽫ܿιȥˡ
Ҫôǿ
ӥɶû뵽ҶվȻַʽʤҲ̫ˣ
ӡֵһ̣ӥΪҶһѺ˲֪ӡϿȫ̼ţ֪ܲ
ԪͨĺӡܿɱﵣǶͨڵǿߣⷽӡҲܽҵùǶϽۣҶȻסˡ
ֱţ
Ӳ򵥰
ϯϣһ̾꣬ض֣ԲռսΪͨûʹóûõ似ƾһ
Ϊѵõǣ似ƿأѾﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣСˣпֱֻܻ̫ӻ֣һ߱ġһҲ˵
ҶѹԼսܿչֳǿʵ֮Žܵ飬Ժĵӿȴǵ۾
ӥɺϺȻҲͿˣֻûеƶѣҲ뿴Ҷﵽһʲôĳ̶ȡ
ԲˣܿǿһԾɲС
Ҷʤ
Ƭ̺ӥɱⳡ
Ҷֵܣһ£
Ҷ׼غʱؿڴӺ׷һ߲ѵĵҲףԭһֱңû˵ģܷˣӽֵܵܣ˭ҸȥǸܹȥ
˵䣬ܿʶҶ˵СĵСӣһͦǶģ˵Ҫ㲻ˣ
лл
ҶͬʶӦ
Ͳ岻Ծжϳһǹ
ˣҲ׷Ź塣
˶ⲻԸ
屻ͬһ飬ϣһսɱ⣡
Ҷ̨֮ܿ󣬵ĳϱ㿪ʼˣŸչÿ˶չֳԼǿսΪʤȡõΣԴ
գһг¹ս˶֣˵ĳʤҲʤܾ˵Ľ
峡ʼĿ죬ĸ죬һԴݿ֮ƣ֮ڽֱӻڵأӮ˱ʤ
ˣһ峡ȫ
ţӥɳϳϱڶһĿʼ
һĿʼͽ˻ϲ˳ʤ˸߲ңʧߴͷɥϾǵһôˣʵвʡ
ĳ𳤸Ȼͺ˶ˣ̨ϼüŪ˰죬յ㵽Ϊֹ𳤸ʩչ֮󣬺ֱ䣬ȻǿϽ𳤸ûκʤġ
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˽𳤸ʤ֮ӥֱ峡ҲǽһĿʼ
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˻ᵽ֮ЦʯҰȤ
̬ޱȵĺãȻһͰˣһ㶼ûϣܸԼ˲㶪ˡ
ֵˣģ⿴Ǵ֣ˣϣԷǸġ
˵ţʯҰ̤ĵ̨ӽ׵ټϵƤͷһȴֵʯôǸմçɽ߳ҰˣƼ产ˡ
ĶҲһǳǿ׳ţȻֻжʮҵӣⷢһ˫۾ԭϵĶһ㣬ɢ׹⡣
Сӣᣡ
ʯҰһ㶼֣·ٻһСһ
ۣ
ϯϸЦһƬһЩŮʿ̲סЦͣ

ʯҰĶɫ࣬һֱԻԼ̥һͷͻһʯҰ˹
漴йâһһĹͷ浶ߣֱʯҰȥ
ʯҰһ䣬̤ӭȥʯһ٣ֵĹͷסˣһĽţ۵һ˵Сϣ㽫ĵˡ
໡
˷һĲҽУֱӱʯҰһ߷ˣصײڷϣٷ˫Ŷӣһֻ˴Ϻ
ͻǱһӸɳȥ۵࣬ӥţʯҰֱӽ̥ɵͻˡ
ϯϣЩԸһǳ鴤ղʯҰǾ仰ûǿɶˡ
ϧⲻһͷͻܴ
̥ɵͻԣԻ̶ֳȣҲû˭ˣ
һ߷ɶ֣һӽ̥ɵͻնˣ˶ˡ
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ˣҷˣ䣡
˸Ͻ䣬ЦһžͰԼ߳ˣҪһŵĻԼ
֮ĶԻǹеԺڵӣǺѾϵһӣǹϯϵĸλ͸ԺϺ꣬ȫˡ
ʯҰԾƻʤڻغʱǷСһ䣺治ᡭ

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1396 粨
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ֻЩĵǾþòȥĭҷɵ̸֮ǰı龰һָ㽭ɽĸַ緶
Ϊֵ֧˲ͬĭԷһչ˼ҵıۣߣ첲ӵ׼д衱һ
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ҶЦһգȥӣЩСҶԺ׼սұնȻˣն֮ǰն
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ȻԴǼңŶпȴûǳֻ֣ˣȳ֡
ȻһƣĿľѧԺĹ涨ǣֻƣȴûȳ֣ҲһѵѣҶȳ֣ƻѧԺĹأҲܵطпܻᱻѧԺ
Ƶľ㣬ûӣȻɣҪѧԺԼ
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ҶӣôЩԣ
߳ԶͻȻҶ˵Ǹִߺ㣬ѵһĲɣ
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˾üĻôҶֵԺһҪӱСģץκΰѱǣ
ˮڣֻҪǲңҲ£ǵҵĻҲŹǣҶ˵ţ
£ȴҲ¡
˲ңҲˣңұ֮
˸ҶصסֱӽռбչأҪһҹʱ񣬸ȭӦԽı
ΪԺѧԺеĵλԴΪ˶ԼĳŵҪȫԸȡھ




1397 ۵
ҹˮб繳
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Ҫ֪ÿһغԼԺѧԺеĵλԴɲǲضԴ
ıǸѶŶѣܹԺģмӹţǶ뱻̫࣬ΪΪ˽Դǲòƴ
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һĵҲ裬һмûһߣҪ֣ܶúõͱҪ״̬ѣаʧ
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Ժǰ뿪ŵģһЩɢ޺С壬СŵĵӻǷǳݵģԺıȻ֮Ľ棬ܶ˶ۿһ䳡˺ü

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ΨһľǸʯҰҰˣǰڷŵĲǹƷͲˮһ̳ƺʮĿ⣬ԵòֺԱͲġ

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ɫһſһ챾Դֱӽâˣݺ˵ؿײȥ




1398 º֣
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۷׷ף˺޵еķˣȫǲҪĴ򷨣
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һܼı촫ײϰٴΣ𽥶ס˺˵Ĺ
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Īܹڣ
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ҶĳΪһƥɱĺһ·߸ͽڵףȡھĻǾѪ޹ˣ




1399 ͵ش
ܣܶڵģʵǿҪԽһСͬǾŵҲܡ
գԺʦжϡ
Ϊʿﵽ֮ͨÿһС֮Ĳ඼Сݺѡ
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һֱֵʱҶһͨ۷Ķ֡Զ򱱲һСŵ
Ȼֻͨ۷壬ʵȴһҲͨڵŲıУԴݿ֮ƽһͨڵĶǿƻܣһ
ĵһַͬǳޣúܶڹĿ࿴һЩ¶˲֮ɫΪͨѾ޵ˣȻԲ۵СţǱǸ֮ġ
⣬˹ϵĪ棬崦ҶȻҲ֪ġ
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ҶıɣͬͨڣȴѾ֮˼£ʲô˼Ҷ

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Ҫ֪ȻҲͨڵľ磬Ѿͨ˼£ʱпͻƣұпսʵ
һ̣ЩҶذܵĹһ鲻Խرͣϻģ޲Ҹطȥöۡ
ղ˭˵Ҷֵܱذţվҿ
˺ܲؿ֮ǰ۵Щˣһط̵

Щߵͨ죬ո˵Ҷذܣתۼ˼ҾԾһ˶֣žž죡
ȺУ¶ݸЦݣһʵǿȴƫƫϲϻ
Ҷʤ
ڼ֮λԺǿ߽ȥˣ֮ӥɲ˱
ȭۣʲô⣬ԺǿҲǴˣԭҶǵȶչֳǿʵ֮ŻὫܣû뵽ξȻǴֲŵ¾Ԯʱ顣
֮ǰѾ˵ˣñѡȫ֣Ҫκιǣǿʱ׼ԮҪҲֻܹǾԮʱҶûаëǮĹϵ
˻ϲ˳ʯҰͺ˵Ȼǻϲأȴɫ࣬ԭҪ̽̽Ҷʵû뵽ȴĽ
ߵɫѿ
Ȼֻͨڣսǲಮ٣ǶҶĽ
뵽ǿµĺǵһθеˣҶԡƾҶղչֳʵ¾嶼δĶ֣οͲҶǿս
Ϊ
Ҷȭͨûã
Ȼ
ûڹûڣǶԣ˵ʲôѾˣȻѡ·ǶԻǴǶֻȥѾûлͷĿˡ
СӣڻʵҲ֪ʲôʱܱƳʵ
ӥҡͷЦ
Ҷʵжֲ
֮ؾ֮УҶͨڵ޶׸ɱһЩˣ




1400 ս֣
һУֵܿʮˣǻʤ˵ʵ̫
ҲŵȣټԺѡź͵ԺȻͬؼͱܶǿ˺ʥصʥӶԺȥˣյĵʵ츳Ȼǲβ롣
ֱѽ磬ӥı˽Ϣ֮ű
ϯϵĸѡǷ׷˳һЩѧԺеĵҲˡ
ΨЩѧԺɢ޹ǲȥһǴ˼ѪһıԼĿˮɽָ㽭ɽݺء
ڱԵʣԺģ緹׼൱ʢصıҩ⣬ʿ˵Ǵ󲹡
ЩΪʳĵ޾Ȼǿרŵǿ߽ѪеɱͲʳġ
ҶΪĲѡ֣ҲҳԵЩѧԺΪĵرʳġ
һٷÿ˶Ǿ㣬棬޲̴սһԷйʣľ
Թ緹Ϣ֮ı㿪ʼˡ
ֵһҶʯҰ˫̨
ŲӥɵҶʯҰһЦ˫˫̨
ҶֵܣҲĶ֣Ǿ߹ˣɲŰҡʯҰЦŶҶ˵
齫ҵʵͣҲҪڣֻίˡҶЦá
ﻰʲôίίģֻҪܶڣٱ޶Ը⣡ʯҰٺЦնڡ
һ
Ҷû뵽ʯҰԼš
ʲôѾʼˣΪʲô֣
̸̨¹ǲˣۿģۿġ
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ҶӰһԭһӰ㿪ʯҰԵһ
𣡡
һУʯҰһʯճ˷糵ңâ䣬ա
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Ҷֻز׷ǲչ̨һӰÿһζʯҰķ϶֮ڰȻ
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ϯϼλɫ΢䣬ҶĲһ
˵ǧǰһڵϴڣǵھѧһĲٶ֮죬ܼųƿϾ£׽һɽתҶʹõĲڵ沽֮ͬѵϵͬԴɣ
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ܰɣǧǰΪ˸֤ȫʢʱھȫ֮طɹȫûû˵ʲôаһɻ˵
ǧ꣬ͨ˵ǲ׺ɣ˵֪˶ٴܹܹҲ˴˵ŶȲߡ
̫ʥĹϴоͲͬˣǵпܻǸʱڷӡǿߴڣǧʷ˵ʲô
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ԭܼ򵥣һϴڿٸ𣬳ǹɹȫû֮⣬ʣһЩŵĵǱϴڡʥصָϷˡ
һϴڣһأĹ似ղصĵرȵȣʯʯ㹻һСſ
Ȼ
Щջ䵽塢ʥغϴڵУ̫ʥҲⳡϷ֣õһЩ
۷׷׵ʱ̨ѾֳʤʯҰһʱ䣬Ҷ½ǶûţԼ۵òᣬֻ䡣
Ҷʤ
ӥ˱Ŀ֮£ҶʯҰ˹˵Ц̨
Ұ˹ˮ˰ɣƾʵôܴ򲻹һֻͨڵҶɻ˵
ֵܣǷˮô
ѶˮӮҲ޷ѭȫʤҪ֪ܶ˶ϣأߣĿɨˡ
ıѧԺкܶ˶֪ҶŴϵġ¼ȻҲ֪ҶеǱֵܵĹϵ
ΪһйϵĶȻвٵĸ֮һ
˶ȻѭҶϣʱȻһ
ڣȫʤҲֻҶȼ˶ѡ
űУܹȫʤֻһ˶ѣֻһ˱ȫʤûһȫʤߡ
۷׷׵ʱӥֵڶ̶£

ӥɻ䣬˴󻩣ÿжð̹⣬ȻŮĶԾɶֵഺٵԺ˵һӾϵʢ硣
ѧԺȻҲвŮʿΪĴŮײͱĬĬѵüλŮ֮ĶԾ
ʣ¾һŮȻӺݻ֮ȴҲСұ
˿̣ºڷ١ɴͻأµչţ¶һź۾ӨɢŻ˵Ĺâ
һϮȹòׯں˳ĳһ룬һ̴ľķ˸͸߹Ĺâ˼һ㣬д
٣ȥȥ
аָϻ̬μ̲
ȥɣף쿪ʤ׽ס֣һ£˵
ɱ
ոյ̨±һ߳һȥ嫵ӱڡ
ͬΪͨڣ²Ҵ⣬һϳȫҪһֲսپ

һȣͬĳһƣɫâƵӲƴһǡ
䣡
һ죬˲Լͬĵ
̨Ϲâ˸ȫ𣬽˹ನΡ
ûзƵĻһ̨ͲˣͨڵʿɲٿؼԪܲ
ն
²ָ絶̻նȥһƬ񵶣Ӳԣգޱȡ
ɣ
һһ㵭âһȭɫâ죬ֱӽ񵶻ˡ
̿ǰ壬չ̸ѧ絶ɲǼƿµķһƺĲϡ
ţ
û뵽̾ȻʵڷƵһɲǱ֪ãϧѾˣƺһֱӱһˡ
ʤ
ӥطɿһۣ֮ؾеʱǳ͵Ҳʲôɱޣˣû뵽̵ʵȻôǿ
ܿ죬±˹ߵͨ죬ӦǾ仰ȥȥжûͱ̻ˡ
ˣص㷲ͷ˵
ûϵⲻ㣬֮ǰʵ尲ο䣬ĿɨҶߡ
֪ϲҶ顣
̵潫Ҷڽ£Ǹоһ




1401 С
̸ʥŮȻǿ󣬲ʥس
ʵҲǿֻ˸ǿĶֶѣδػܡ
ü̺ȻŮˣȴȾʿǿ󡣡
̺µıȻˣǺܶ˻ǵط̸ýζ
󣬱һһĽţѡֳֶǿʵ˹Ŀ࿴
ֵıˣʯҰͽ𳤸Ƕսʤ˶֣֡
Ϊʵԭ򣬰ܸ߶ıֱͨӸ˱û˿֮
һ޵սʽҲò˴۽磬ԭԵͨãֱӽֶסƾԼ׸
ڵһУ֮ûһΪÿıͨͶסԷ
ֱʼһĳöǾʷ׳ʣչ̨½кһƬٴһ߷塣
ֵ峡Ҷ㡣ӥޱ
Ļ䣬̨±˭֪Ҷ˲֮սȻ⾫ʡ
˵ܷƳҶʵ׳⡣
֪㲻ܱƳȫսҲ¶һЩưɣ
Ҷսʤܿȶ֮Ѿʸսǿˣǿʲô̶ȣû֪
ܶ˶֪ǸǳŮˣҽҶλڵĴţȻĵֻڲŻعζѾ̫ˡ
򿿽򱱲һ壬Ƕ򱱲Ҷǰѳȥһ֧ҲӴļ塣
ϵڣźôһͶΪĸ
ǵУ̨˫ۼɳâҶɨ
Ҷƽվһ̨ûɢκƣ·һ̶ˮ

ŭҶûнƺԼûʸĶһ

Ȼŭ֪ҶеҵȭҴ⣬ֱӽԼʥ̥Իһֻ۵񣬿ȥ쳣
̥壡
һ۵ٺںһ˫ֱӥצһּӲ
̥壬ҶԾûжһƽվɽ

һֱչһӥʮ




˫ֱצûצӰ˻˻ƿҶץȥƺƴƥ
ӥʮڴ֮йۿӥһʱ򵽵һ似֮Ȼֻʮʽȴ仯ˣͨԽ׻ɱ֡
Ҷ̫дˣɶֹҪ֪ӥʮǳҶ뷢Ҳˣ
ۿצӰ⼴ץҶϣ˶ΪҶذɣצӰ޷ӲֻݱܷâѰ϶ϣ
ѾˣצҶ˿̾Ҫ˶ˡ
ȭ£
צӰʱҶˣһȣ˲Ͻɫһȭȥ
䣡
һ죬צӰʧ
Ҷ²ȾȻǱҶһȭӥʮһȭƵ
ʲôҶľȻˣɵƵӥʮ
¾ȻܹǧצӰҵһȭ֮δõơҶʵɲ⣡
̨Щ֪Ҷϸ˶ˣû뵽ҶȻǿƵӥʮˡ
Ԩ籼ף
ϯϣһ̾
ղŵһĻУһˣǺͬǿҲֻݱܷâҶѡӲӲһȭƵӥʮ
˵õİ취һȭĺȫˣǿ似ȴʩչ
Ϊðգһ޷ؽᱻӥʮֱ˺Ƭ
۷׷׵ͬʱսڼ
ž
ҶһӶϽɫĴƺݺݵĳϣ˲Ļâ㽫­ǳˡ

һҽУ׵ĴѪˮڵأ󡰹ˡһԵڵϡ
⡭
̨£󲿷˶̲סһҶĿг˾
һʼǱΪҶȻܹӮⳡҲҪһֽţпܻᱻƳʵ
Ȼ
ҶͨûãһȭһƱսʵս𾪡
˶֪ҶˣˮĴݱܿһЩߣȫֵĻڵѾһ߱ʬˡ
ҶѭʼһֱڣֹȥˣһܼȫʤѹķʽܣѡֿҲֻʵɣ
ţҪͨڶѰôǿһͻƵͨڽʲôս
𣬺ܶ˶ò˼顣
˵ڽ֮ؾ󲻾ٴͻƣһͻͨݣͨڡⶼһˣ֮ؾʺĻУȴҲûͻƣѾͨ˳Խ˰ɣ
Ĳ²⣬̵õ˵Ͽɡ
пܣһʱ䣬֮ؾĻУ㹻ͨԽޣʶѹԼľ磬ʵսͺͨڣûκǷȱĲһѡ
뵽ҶδƼ¼Ѳܱɿܣܶ˶ˡ
ǶͶעˣԼмҵѹϣȻҶƥɱ
Ӧû£뱾ͬΪҲﵽͨڵ֮⣬ûвһλãҶС
ܿЩ˱ҰοǿҶȷǿʮоǵһûսʤ
ǿǶأڴҶŵ£ҶҪһǲܵġ
Ͼͬӵп״սʵͨͨڣͨ۷ʿû⡣
£Ҷܿ׽ܵĻ˵Ҷͨھкɨͨʿˣʿ⣿
һ󾳽սǹ֮ʱδҶƾʲô
ȫʤֻһˣǾң㲻ĺ컨Ҷѣ
ʱˣųݻһսҶʤļ¼

Ϣ˲ˣǿǿԾ
ǿ֮ս֮⣬ѭϱȫʤһлֵֻܶҶȼ˶ѡ
ЩҲΪҲŻʤһԼǿĶ֣ذɡ
Ǽˣֻ˵
˶֪˶ĸȴ˫˫ҶУŭŹˡ
СҲҿڳԣ
ƣҶûбֵ͵ķʽǿƻӦ




1402 ս
У½ײ˾۱ʥӽ𳤸һαܣԵøǱֱۡ
ʯҰͺײˣ⣬ٴβҰܣʯҰһ̨ʱɥԹʯҰ̫ˡ
ֵıһУѡֶԼķɣʤܣǶչֳ˲׵Ϊ츳
ֱĺѪʱŽ˵ֵı
ɫٽһֱѾʵӥֱ˽ıΪֹ
֮ѧԺеһЩѾ׼뿪ˣֻЩǰɢ޺Сŵĵӡ
Ȼд̨̨Ҳܾ׼ֱӴͻصطרĵ̨ѱע˺ɾꡣ
ЩСŵʿɢǲôݳ޵ģһЩӴļ壬ǵ֮⣬Ҳдʹ̨ǳжѱǾ̫Զһ㶼ǫ̂
Ͼ̻һ̨ҲܷѾƵҲ࣬Ҳ鷳ֺķʯޡ
һΪޣԷΪٶȹ졣
ȻˣЩԸƶߣǵĴ޻ͷǳݳˡ
ΪһСŻйսĴ͸˵ˡ
ҶЩɢȥˣҪ׼ıÿ˶ĥǹ
ʱЩѡ˵ǷǳģҪЩ޵ʱ䣬еõľ͸գ䣬ʵ
ЩΪо˵ͨ似׼ӦĶԲߣﵽ֮ͨ似ҪѾôˣǿ似Ǳزٵġ
ˣЩоԵսս֣޵ļ֮⣬˶ٵı¶һЩɱﵣһԼôӦ
ѭôһص㣬˶ҪͳԼ֮˱ͱƵǲòŬԼʵͬʱҲҪԵսս
ǶֱܾԼǿ̫࣬Ǳѡ䣬ʵԱԼʵ޼Ķֵʱ򱬷յʤ
˷ȫûϣıϵ£ǲɵġ
˷ֱ֮ҶֱӻصԼĶռиȭ
ȻҶѽͨԽ£ȴ·һ޵׶ϵÿζܸоʵӣȴʼûﵽޣڣԼ֪ͻƵͨҪʯˡ
һ뵽⣬Ҷ̲סһͷ󡪡ԺҪܹѰҵһʯ󣬷Ľһء
ռУҶһʯϣϵظȭİ塣
ʱգҶѾˣСɻһЩ롣
ԭܼ򵥣ڼɬѶܶطֻȼֶѣȫԼĸܣ˵Ҫ󼫸ߡ
ʱҶɣߵô˸ıģȫ쿪
ȻǴۣʵսԲ׼۷壬ʹ۽һ֮ٿرԴ֮νΪ񱩵
ʹ췣֮⣬˭˵Ĵǣ
Ǵۣ֤ʱҲҪشıԴ˳ƶΪ
Ȼ
ȴУȡλã˵֤ĵ·ǧǧ򣬶ѡһѣܳɹ·
ԽǸҶԽλž߳˾η
һˣҪ֤ĵ̫죬ĳɵۣڴ֮޵С
ѾԽļޣԱݣջû֤ɹǧź
ȭȻ漰籾ԴҶбϾž۵ĲѪĲӡҲ̫ѡ
ټиϲϵָ㣬ĵطʶȭϣǺܿġ
ռеʱٺ粻ͬԣҶдѵʱȥ򹦷似Ǳ߱ġ
ﵽ֮ͨҶһǰ޹˵ʥ̥ҲûʲôԽˣ·ֻܿԼȥ
ϻǸҶһϢѧԺ֮ؾеʱ򣬾ڵ޸ٶȼӿһЩȻԾɲãϾһ
ΪѰһЩרˣ
Ҷ°롣
ôʱڶ޸УԼûйֻܹǵʱѰһͭƬԪؾڵؾѰҵһڰɽ֮Ҳûʲôˡ
ʯõǿڶҲڸ˳׵׵ķ
һ㣬ϲ˵Ļˣ֮ǰʯʱҲǿ󶦲ѰսռС
Ҳ֪Сôˣ
뵽ʯ壬ҶȻ뵽ǸԪСŮʾţΪӦôﵽԪ˰ɣ
ҶĥţʲôʱʱһҪʯ忴Щʵͨˡ
ȺʵĴػӵʥ飬ԼȴʲôҲûиǣǴߺûٻȥǣԼʥġȷʵЩϸ
Ҳû취飬ڵʵԶԶԱóȻȥʯ壬ܻܿ͵СӴѣܲء
֮ԼǣԽԽˣǶĸ׵˼һҲûֹͣ
ڼʶӴ֮ԽΪĸ׵ĴˣϾĸֻһˣҲ֪Ϊﵽʲô̶ȣһҷ֣Ǻɾˡ
⣬ҶһǣǾǳµأ
֮伣ˣ·˼һ
Ҷ֪ûĻ֮Ȼһսսɱ⡣
µصʺԶǳߣڵǸԪѷĴ󻷾£벽Ԫ֮ˮ
ĵľǳµػᱩ¶ܣһ۵֪һڣǿ϶֮ģǵսԴء
Ǹʱ򣬵񲻳˱ȦĶţʲô
鷢
ڿռͨѾӡˣ˵µڿҲͻƵʥ̥ˣһﵽʥ̥Ҳͨռͨصˡ
ÿһ綼Լķ򣬵ԽĴڡ
Ԫڵʿ˱ԸˣΣ




1403 ĶԾ
ѹǳݣ
һ磬ѧԺбһֽŵϢ˶ڽŵ׼š
һҹ͵вԱԼ״̬ѣӭӽı
ͨѧԺʳõСϣҶͺˡʯҰ𳤸ǻˣһͬ䳡ȥ
䳡ϵѾˣ½˸ϵ˺û˸ҽӽ֮⣬̨Ѿվˡ
ԭλͲãܶ˸ɴֱվŹۿˡ
ЩۿĹ֮УҶһЩرˡС
ѧԺһЩſռ鱦ضʲô
ҶϸһȻ־Ȼͨ˵ʳǺ«Ƥڵӵȵȡ
˵һЩɢǲԸ⻨̫ʯȥѧԺľ¥гԷСʳȻӪզأӣһ¿ڸ֮
ʿǿģΪгɣܶ˶ҩΪʳģҩĵӪȻϣζȻԶˡ
ԪŨͨȴԾɺܶ࣬ԭǺܶ˶ܲʿ
ֻΡ֮Ҳһܳܵ˵Ĳ֮ὫԼűġ
ǳЩȪһζûУζܳԣͨ˵ǲġ
ʿһȭһɽѵأݵصͨͨ˿Ѿ죬ܵĿȴһܲ˵ġ
ֻҪгɣЩͨ˵ʳҲûʲôϣеñʧܿڸ֮ͬʱȻ͵
һĻҶʱ뵽϶ǸԺϺ⣬һʼѧԺеĵǰȥҲûжͷ
ôɢӿѧԺ̾뵽ʥǵһĻĻ㳡ͨߺȣһҲС׬һʡ
оͷԵĸԺ̻̿ʥǿ㣬ȻҲ㡣
ǺͳѧԺҹһЩСʳƷ䳡ۣȻˣ۸Ҳǹס
һԸһԸԲû˻ǿ㣬ܶɢ޶ζջ󣬹ԹԵͳʯֵֻͨͭСԡ
˵𣿽ǿıӺ󣬻֮ѭϢͨԺ˵
ҵȻ֪һ֪ĵһҶ֮ĶԾ
ò˵ѧԺеĵеȷ֮ͨѧԺ滹ûϢǱǰ֪ˡ
ûҵõĿɿϢǿıԾӺ󣬶һ֮ıʱҲ˹ϢݸҶ
۱ϢͨҲ˵ˣҶ°ͣ˵ķɨһۡ
Ҳ֪ѧԺɢȥϢ¶˷Ҳ֪Ϣ
ҶĿɨʱҲ۶ҶɱΡ
Ҷδһܣ˵˭Ӯ
ΪҶϾ۱ʥŮɶڵţǿѨ磡
Ϊ壬ʮͨڣ츳ʵ̫£֪ʲôɱﵣ
ΪҶԾϢ©䳡˵ĶԾ
һսһ᳹׽ܣ־Զû֤Ļᣡ
˵ֿۣҶ˸ųݻҪҶҪҶ־
ƣҶһ仰Ҳû˵޶ԡ
ΪҶûǿƻӦܶ˱ΪˣȻʵսȷףҲǸʮͨڣܶ˶ΪŲΪ֪ĵơ
Ҷ䶨ˣʤҪսˡ
ĺѷĿľΪ˴ҶʧȥһƽģֻҪʧȥһƽģʱ򣬱ȻᷢӲȶ
֪ҶĶ֣Ҳκ⣬ֻҪֵֶܹμȫˡ
ǻѾõԪһСŵĵӶѣƾʲôʤ
˵ŵˣ䲻ֻڹ𣿡
Ϊ˴Ҷĳ˳⽫ڵ˵ԭԪݡ
Сŵĵôˣܶ۶ǳϴڣʥأǳСţС塣˭˵Ҷֵ֤ܲ
ʲôµһϼ߹ѣ϶Ҫˣ츳ٸҲûã޷֤֮·Ѿû֡
һλǱ˵߹ģϧôõ츳ʡ
ʯҰ˲ˣ׷׳ԣֱӵͶʵ˻Ȼ񶼲ˡ
ʿаǣûκһ־ڴ֮·Ըڱˣ֤·Ͼ鲼ҲҪԼ˫ִһ·
ʯҰ˵ʵĻôôǿҲ޷ϵ·ˣΪѾʧȥʸ
ҺСֵƽ۽ģûнСܣֵܡ
ʱҲòˣ潫ǼΪԼɱ۴еļɱѾ˻ɵĶ󣬲ΪԼˣ·ؽΪߡ
ʤ
˷׷׽ܶ˶ŸͣǸԶԼС̣ԸҶʤ
˵齫ĶʶͣǽһƵ˵Ķ棬ûԸʤ
ССʲôҶֵһ̧־ܽѹ
˺ʯҰ𳤸껵˼Ҷʵʵ֮ǰս߶ʱѾչֲˣҶʵֻ¶˱ɽһǣҲŵĽΪˡ
һ̫ΪעʤؽҶĻܣ֮ġ
ʱվһóһ̫ҫʮϵ̫âȥˡ
ܶʵõɢǶҫ۵ֱֱ̫̼ӡ
ţȻ̫𣡡
ǴרϰһдԵˣȻõ˴רϣ
ϧ̫˵㣬۱ǲܵģСĴʥǿԵģ
ϯϸƶǶˣרϣܶһҲҲ㹻۱ϣȻܹȭͷһ飬ҪôĻԵ




1404 һ棡
ƺ棬ƽ𶯵ġ
ôһ̫𣬷·̫һ㣬ޱȣرԴ֮۶ҪģοЩˡ
Ȼ̫̫˼ˣҶʶ𾪵˵
ֶǺͺڰɽͬһɲģܹõĻ޸żİ
ϧҶûʲôܹԶĵĶȻ㹻ȴóԶġ
СֵܣϷҪչ̫𣬿۰ɣ
ϯϵĸҲסˣ׷׳ԣҪϡ
Ȼȭͷһ鲻ܼɵ۱޸۱ȴǿԵģۼʥ˻ʴ۵ʥ׷⶯
ҲʾôһԼĴʥ֮УôʥһأܹƷʣҲŹ
Բ𣬸λǰҲҪĻ͸ҶԶġ
ԸֵĲǡôȼԼֲλʥ
Ļûп
һ棬ݵλԺգһԶģЩ֣ߣǵԼóעΪעܵݡ
ʱ򣬺վóһ״ԵʯҺģʯһ飬䡣
ʯ۾ŭضźˣʯǵʯвʯ
ʱҵ󿪲ɺ󣬻ûü˻ؼͱ˵үү˸ϴˣëûʣ£оʯ
Уʯʸ񣡡Į˵
㡭
˴ŭȴûа취˼ҲģʯȻֵƣ̫Ȼǲ˲١

Ҳóһ䣬һʯ֮УϹʱڵı
ʸ񣡡
ֻɨһ۱ļֵ
̫ˣ̫ȻãȴδͣпܻϵҵǼ鱦ֵ̫𡣡껺˵
˵ʸǲʸ񣬳ó̫ʥصĹɨ˹һۣ˵
θڲС
Ϊ֮ᣬ̫ʥصȥȥģ֪ʤ̫ʥҲȥġ
Ͼÿһʥغ͵䴫еĸйȻȥע
Ҳҵ֪Ҷȭ뾡һа취ҪҶĨɱԭ
𳤸ʯҰҲó˼ֵƵıȴ޷̫ᲢִۣרϿԶ󣬸ûжܵõޱȡ
۱֮ǰҲֹϵÿζΪ䶯ʥصϹŶˡ
ʲôʸԶģ𳤸ɫһʵ
һ۵Ĺ似óֵ̫ȵҲԡɨ˽𳤸һۣ֪۱ڶ࣬𳤸Ȼʥӣó
Ҫһƣʤʵͱ˶ԶģΪ̫ϵ̫ˣͬʱ־ϴ֮·ˣȻҪΪԼԺĵ۱롣
Ͼóģ
ڽ𳤸ԥҪҪԼóʱԺͻȻһ仰ʶ
𳤸ĿһۣһҧһȭͷĻϾóʱâʢյһƬϹ⣬̫ӳ
ϾҲǴרɲϣ꣬۱֮𳤸Ҫţģ㲻ɵ۱ҲиЧ
˵ϾԻʱڣǻľ۶ɵģشƬ亱
ľȻǻϾ̫ˣ
۱ȻǴֱʣȻóһϾΪעԳƵǾˡ
ͽ𳤸˶д˵ˣôܵõĴרϣ
󣬾֮Ѱصÿ䣬뵽ǿȥѰҶҵҲдûе۱ˡ
ϣѰܵõָ׸ǴһѾĻԵˣÿóĶȭͷȻܼ۱޸۱߼һС鱦Ѿ㹻ˣԲʥ
ܶ˶ۣۺĶѪˡ
ãҺģ
һĿʼעȻרϣ𾪡
˵ڴУʼˣҶ˵̨ӥɺѧԺԴʱ׼Ԯ
֮Ѫϵĵ·
ûκε飬̨֮˲ŷǿս⣬˷·һʵһ㣬ɱӯҰ
һϼ֮ȮѣҲǰͣԲѵ˵ʲôϵ··Ѿˣ
ҶǿƻӦ˫Ĺâ

彫ԼʵѣһȭɫâգݺݵҶȥ
¡¡
ҶѪ·һ㣬ͬһȭɫȭâ֮
ڱеһζ֮
գǿƳˣ
Ӯñô򵥣ҪΪ˱
䣡
˵ȭâײһ𣬿ռ˵мһڶ񱩵˺ڶУûʲôҵƻ
ৣ
һ֮£йâһһ֧֪ڵԼҶĶ֣Ҷ̫ǿˣֻͨϽܡ
䣡
ֱ̥֣գҵĸ̨ϵ¶ȶüߣһʿٽ˲ữΪҽ
ɱ
ֳ̥Ҷɨȥҵɫһ쵶Ҷͷնȥ
úã
Ҷһһǰ̧ɫĵâڰƣݺݵϳȥ
ৣ
ͬʱҶֱ̥̽ץȥͲܹ۽ĸ¡
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İ쳹ȫʵʵİһӣðǡ

̨˶ɵˣ˭Ҳû뵽һսͳ˸Ҷһӡ
ۻ𣿡
徹Ȼ˸ӣѵҶǿ̶ֳ𣿡
ҿ϶ǲþˣʵǿôһͱ˴ͣ
˶һĻҲ̫ˣҶֻͨڵΪôôǿս
ҲˣҶóʵʵϾͿҶ֮Ĳࡪ˫һϣ
𡭡
߳ŭһֱȼս˱Σ֮




1405 򵥣ֱӣԵ
ԭ˶ΪҶıһƾеľʶԾǣϴľֳ֣ʮҡ
Ȼ
Ҷһƽ֮ԭֳֵͻȻ˲٣֡
ڴʱȼ׼ƴˡ
飬ŭˣ
ȼս쭣ɢΣյϢ˫ѪĹâ壡
һȣԭҶץסͻȻâʢȻûڡ
ȼͽ͵ˣ
һĻҶûиȼû˿ηء
ȥ
ŭһ˫ֺʮȻӡһ⣬һſµХžҶ
ɱ֮ؾ˵ֻغԱݱģ
ʥ̥һɱ±Ч£Ҷˣ
ȼһֱ˾
ͬʱ⻯˲Ҷǰһиһ

Ҷ治ɫȻһӣһ
ҶһƿƼ򵥣ʵ֮ϣӿ
ž
һ죬Ҷһ㣬һƽֲĳ˷飬粨ϯķȴ޷ӽҶ壬׷ױܣ̨󷨻⡣
⡭
һĻȫԾ
򵥡ֱӡԵ
û뵽ҶַʽɵƵɱ
ҲǾòᡪҶǿԶ



ȻҶǿ󣬵û־ܣٴη˫ֲϻ裬һХҶ
ž
ž
ž

첻ϴҶһһƣϻХ
һ䣬䣬䡭
ھŶҶ岻׵ľ롣
ͨʿԣѾоˣû
ʱ˫ͨ죬תȫ߶ɱռɱС
ת̥ٴ֣һ޴Ļ̨꣬

һŭ˫ѹ̥ĻȻ̨ϵҶѹͼҶ뻨֮Унɱ
ƣ
һҶվԭأһȭȻȭӡһȭͷľꡣ
ž
Ҷһȭ֮еһ˸׹⡢绡ȭâ¶ϣȻꡣ
䣡
һ죬ȻըѣΪС
ʥ̥֣çУâ
ۡ
̥̥ػҲ޷شһѪˬһ㣬ֱˡ

һУҶͣһӣһ⻯ƶȻۣһѽḁ̂ץС
Ҷ
ϯϣүүĿѣ
ңԴСô
ҶĿʥһۣȻһֻۡһ̥Ȼըѣûڡ
ۣ
̥ѣһҳ鴤Ѫ磬һϢˡ

ʥ۵ĲʹȥһϣһҶȥ
󵨣
ӥüͷһ壬ͬӳһƣʥӲƴһǣЩ̨ˡ

ʥ˲Ҷ屧룬ס̥ɢ弴㲻ҲҪɷˣ޷ܵģ
ӥҲ֪Ҫû׷үүֵ顣
Ҷֱ̫ǿˣǧ㷨һȭ֮
ңղƺûжȭֻǶ
жǿѵжڵʵɣ
ͬʱԭȺˣ˶ҶչֳǿʵˣͬʱҶսжǿ
ԭΪһû뵽Ȼһ浹ҶоȻûУһص
ʥѧԺλǿߵľΣ㱣סˣӻʹ̣·һ
үүˣԭһΪԼ֤ϣڡϣûˣ
гŲʣȻͶ֮ȴûϨ𣬻֤ϣ
Ȼ
죬Ҷȴ֮ĳ״ˣӴʧȥ֤ϣ߳ɾҲֻǴﵽĳ̶ˡ
һѧ˵ģһ겻񣬴ӴҲû۵ġ
ͬţҶһ磬ȴˣףûκη̵ϣ
ʱ㳤ûʲô㻹Դͷ
ʥڵѪôҾͳôһ֤ţϣϣȴӣ޷ܡ
Ҳ·Ѿѡˡ
ЦɢŸζ˷·һ߸ʬһ㡣
㲻һ
ʥγϣ֪õһ湦Ϊ̫аûȻҪתа
ˣүүģµģʬһĹҵ֮ѾˣֻƶˡЦ˵
ʬΪԺݣҪѧԺ
һĻӥ߹ֱѧԺľת޸ʬаĹѧԺ治ѧԺУ⣬ղŵԲ׷ٸҳ֣Ը
ûлش
ʥɫޱȣҶɱʢվûҳ֡
Ҷģãܺãŭɶҵһսϣ㲻Ҫͷڹ꣡
һǷԸ
Ҷ俴һۣǿƻӦ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬ӥɳ˵ϣҶսңϣս׼

һڽԻȻ
˶óҶû뵽Թ֮ȻսɱҶ
УѧԺϽս
ӥɶȻܾˣ˵ÿһ˶ţδϣҪƽĶңκʧ
Ժ²ΪΣǿǵĲ˽֮ĶԹµƣԾԲԼѧԺκεʧ
Ѫ͵ǿ߲ǿߣĲɱôܺս˵
˵ˣҲͬģλѧԺԴ͵λʲôϣףӥɻǲͬս
ϧĺҶһսֽҶɱΪӺ屨
Сӣร
ͬʱԼı뿪ѧԺߵʱвҶ
ҵ²͸²ģ㻹ôסӵɣʬұؽ⵽ʿĹַͬҶ˿壬Ӧ
Ҷǳ򵥰
ûǿʵҪ˼ܣղǾ仰ȻͨȴΪޱߵѡ
ϯϣ̫ʥҰ˵Ƕ֪ԼĴ˺Ҷ֮ĹϵȻ޳ɣҲûзԡ
˵£ǲ֡
ȻǶ֪Ҷûпɽһ½ԵУմʧһ˵پۣѹʮأ




1406 Űһ
ȥҶ˱䳡
˿񶼱ˣܿ񣬸о󼹱ð
ܿĵһǸҶֵģʱΪԼԻҶ˿̲ԼҶ֮Ĳж
ܿҶʵĻԼһжŲ
ҶֹҲǴӹͷð£ͬʱҶûе⣬ǵ³ö١
ʱһȥѭȫˣҶȫʤս޿˵һλ
ʯҰ͹껡𳤸ܿ߶Ҳȡ˲ĳɼǰʮ
Ψк˳ɼ̫룬ڵʮλҲ̬ܺãû⣬Ļ˵ԺлᣬսԼλǰˡ
ߣףһȥ
ĵĵ𳤸ˣӮһ̫
Ȼ󣬵ڿ̫ʱǳʺһܵı飬Ц
ڽ𳤸˵һδգˣ˵ģҲûϵڶλԴ֮ϣսԼθߵˣӶøõĴ
˵¶ǳߣҶȻҲܾѧԺľ¥дԴһ칦硣
ܶ˶ҶʾףأȴҲܷնڶģΪϾֻͨڣ˶ﵽͨڣ֪ܷٴδͨݣϮɹ
˵ѯʣҶûлش
ԴˣΪܹսǿеˣҪùھܡ
ΨЦ۲תҶһۡ
һҹҶûûнռ䣬βŪר޸ڡ
۱ĿǰĵƣҲĵƣҪԼĵƸʵһЩͱҪŪһЩ޸۱
¿ģѱʮҲֻŪһ㣬Ҫ˵ˡ
ҪõרϾҪˡ
ԺǲѰˣֻò̽һ¿ܷӽ𳤸й̫߻Ͼеκһ顣
ȫõ붼û룬ϾǴרϣ𳤸Ҳʹ
峿һϼ⻮أѧԺһɫĹâԵøˡ
Ѿвٿ̿ʿӭųϼʼˣ·һɫľڿշȥ
ѧԺĵһ㣬ΪŨĵط
Ѿ˰ɣ
Ҷ
ɽصһĻŵվñܹ٣Ԫ޶ʿ˵
뵽ȥȴҲ֪ǲܵģԺԲκȥ̽ѰʥҲ⡣
Ҷ䳡ʱ򣬱ûпʼǹ˾ȻǰˣܶһĵҲһۿ
ȺУҶһ۱㿴˾ơˡʯҰ˶ڡ
ô˵ţŬһƽܶʶٲúĻ˵ݺˣһ˵ʸûС
Ҷϵʱ򣬺ͷѵźˣһ򲻿ϳԿĺԴһԵƾѵ
κ˵ĳɼ룬ѺùǺԹ˾Ŵ󺷷˵ֱ׷Ҳܱ̫ԶȺ۲Ĵʱ٣ʸûУҪ˵ȥһ֤Ļˡ
Ҷֵܣˡ
Ҷץ˾һ㣬Ͻǰкͼתƻ⡣

̾˿ˣҲԸ˵㣬ֵֻˣүүүүүүûãֵٲĻ˭Ӿλ˼ҵİࣿ
磬֪ˣԺһŬ֤Ų˵ʲôˡ
Ŵ󺷷˵ǳ˼Ϊ٣Ϊʹʲôıƣܹʥءͥ񣬾һɲݺӵ
㣬רϺ׵õ𣿡ҶЦʵ
ף㵱רǴײ˰֮ѱʮҲδѰ٣ȻҲôˡЦá
ҶֵܣϾһзֵģǴ뵽һأ棬Ѱҳ·ʱзһĵطϾĳλ½϶ѡ𳤸ЦҶ͵
Ȼ˵ɣҶҲõǱȻǾ˾һ֮ܽģ

󣬾͵ҶѯʹڸϵϢʱ𣬴˵̸һıʼˡ
⼸侪˶ѾȫˣΪҲһ㾫
һս֮ʹ˼ʹнͼΣʵ˺ܴΪľǽܹһѩǰܣԼķ
һα侪֣һ
һϳ˾չǿҵײÿ˶չֳԼǿʵʧɫܹһɽˣûзƵıѧԺҪΪٻҡ
˻ʥȭƽͣһȭɻ˰棬·˻һ㣬޵еĴ֮ˡ
ڷ˿˫һ̷·干֮һ㣬˻ʵķɡ
ã
Ϊ˻ʺˣ
̨²кЩʵԲһЩɢ̨˵ĶֻܿӰϵײ·һ㡣
չɱ۴еļɱƥط·𶼱ƿһ
ɱ
һȣ絶ɱؿȥ
ս
ҲһȭؿںȥȻûâ˸ƽ͵һȭ·ƶһһ㡣
ۣ
һһѪ̨꣬ȾˣˣѪ졣
ҲùӼһȭ࣬ȫ飬漫ң
ȫˣ˭Ҳû뵽һͽΪпԭʼɱѪ죬˲Ŀá
һĻùϯϵĸһֲпĲɱһıв
ৣ
ৣ
ӰȺԾУ˷ֿˣֱǵƣΪˣ֮˱Ľ
˻ʵǿƱأиӮⳡ
ȫˣԭΪ˻һʱŻսû뵽˰ʱ˱ֳʤ
ǲǾã̫أ޷μӺı٣˵ʱԻָƣϴɾӣɣ
סƺһѵѪָܿˣ俴Ҷһ˵
һΣҶȫơ
ʵжŰһ




1407 ǿ
䳡У˶Ÿղŵı˵ĺúܶ˵
Ҫ˭÷ѹǷȫһĴ򷨡
˵ı֮ѧԺǿߴɨһ̨֮侪˵ıҲʼˡ
һϳ侪㽫ʽϷɣÿһȭо춯صӶؼս
Ҳչֳǿһ棬侪Ĺôǿȫס˴սǧغϣռϷ磬侪ˣȴû֮սѪȲпᡣ
侪չֳǿʵõ˺ܶ˵ϿɣǰҲûϵֻҪ֮ĻڣɳĿռ伫󣬾ղܳɵۣﵽʥ⣬ߡ
һȻֻȴ˶е⣬Ǹˮ׼
Ϊܹ۷״̬нıȻ磬ӥҲıٽ
Ϊؼ˭ܹʱùھλã侪˵ҲǳҪΪ˶ǿе׵һ֮ıҲǳʡ
ӥ֮󣬹ϯϵĸ׷뿪ԺеĵҲԻԼסǵѧԺʳò͡
ʿ˵ʮ²ԲҲû£һЩɢ޸û뿪һ̸ıһߵȴĿʼ
˶֮ǾԭشΪԺԪǳŨеǳкôҲˣץÿһʱ
ǸһĻƽʱǸ޷ԺҪ˵Ժʥˡ
Сܵܣôа𣿡ȥ֮Ҷʵ
ʵ֮ҾܿˣʵҲز˶١
Ҷʣӽıɣʵȷɲ⣬ǻ侪죬Ҳûб¶ȫʵ
ıܿ㿪ʼˣһ侪λǿ֮ײ
˴սѪҺڣ·۸һ㣬ÿһѣȻûжýλ۹似ײҲ
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侪һ޵У·սɣͶѪ¡¡졣
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ͬȣƽ͵˻ʥȭ·綼ָ֮һ㡣
ײΪѤõâһӽ̨϶ûˣʵһЩʿ޷澿ʲô
ÿһλ۶Ƕһ޶ģǶؼĲֹ򡣡
Ҷȭϣ̱㷢֣۵似ﵽ֮µģǳǿ
̨ϣѾٻغϣս˰Ȼ˶߾ȫҪܶ֡
䣡
侪һȭ˰˲һѪ˿Ȼܵ˴ˣյɳȥײ˷ϣȻء
ʤУ˻ʵǿԼ΢СĲܣΪǿһ
侪ʤһõλãǼǰף
ͷϷˣλ֮ĶԾһУǿˣ֮ҪʱĹھ
ڴ˵ıΪʵģ֮ıͷϷ
ǲڽھ֮󻹻˸սȻҲǿλѡȻкܴġ
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ǼţҶһսǿģѭϵıʸսǿֻܹߵһȴûܹµˡ
ֱڣҶûչֳǿʵ˭Ҳ֪ĵж١
ȻǶΪڻڣҶսɹֻȡ侪λá
䣡
ʼ˸ûκ̽Ա˴˵ʵѾһЩ˽⣬һֱǿײ
ȻͨڵʿԿԽնɱͨڵǿߣʵɲ⡣
˷·С̫һ㣬ҵײÿһգ÷Ʋϲâ˸ͣ
޽ӽ׼۵ǿ߲µҲȱģ֮ǰƹһΣȻ޲ˣѾ൱һ߾ǿߵķ
սļɱʩչ̨ϳļ任澰ȥǳãÿһƬѩÿһƬҶжյѰʿȥ̾ͻᱻնƬ
ƾ̥·һ㣬һ˿ѡ
սһʱ࣬΢ƻʤˣԼһλã֤ԼλԾܹ
ʣ
̨˱ҵһѪڣ޲̴սһ˵Ĵս׵ȼѪҺеĺսӡ
˵ĻӥǿԲڷֳǰλã
һ룡
ڶ
侪죡

λԼʵ֤Լȵǿ˻ҪǿͬʱҲӮһءΪ𣬳ǿߣʵǿȻõ˵أ
ӥ˫鰴ȴ۵С֮Ŵ˵֮սʽʼ˭ֻҪΪԼǿеκһ˶ֱǷսս߲þܾ
սбҪ˭᲻۵ȥսǣŰ𣿡
ȺУ֪˭˵һ䣬̵õ˺ܶ˵֮ͬı֮󣬿û˻սˡ
ԴˣʯҰ˲ΪȻҪսԿأ˶ǿ
û֣ҲȻѧԺ水֮ؾеֱֽΪǿߣûս϶˲
սܼ򵥣ӵʼսԽսɢʱӥֲһ䡣
ҶģҵսңҪͷڹ꣡
ȥǰٴºݻ
ͬĻҲ˵ڶΣҲǣ
Ҷɨһֱۣ߿ˣһһࡣ
ȥ֮Ҷûмκˣڷֿʱ͸˵ˣԼҪչ죬һЩ
֪Ҷۿǿı֮Ҫۿõĸˣû˵ʲô
صҶֱѡ˱չأŨԪ͵͸ص״Ԫǳӯ
ռĿռͨģԪԴԴϵĽռУҶá
Ҷռһ죬ԺвϽļɱ似ݡ
ķһʱ䣬ҶŽǶ似»ԭˣȻվչռһǵ
ͨϵҶһЩĵĶ似㡣
ͺߴ磬κ似䱡ĵطǹɣûܹ⡣
һĻ˵ǣ꾣ӯﶼȱġ
似Ȼǿ似ֻǺѱ˷ֶѣҶǵ似֮ڡ




1408 ս
ʮ죬ҶռжȹģֱоѾ˵似͸֮߳ռ䡣
֮߳ҶȻѾ췱ǣʱѾ˰ҹ
ಣ
ӰһҶѧԺеһСɽϣɽͷңź嫵ǿգͻȻ뵽ĹѨеһǿͼ
׵ǹߵĹ餳˿ռ䣬֮Уȥ
ѵããǿ֮лǵĹ֮زɣǽԼããǿ֮УΪǿеһΪ˵ȴͷʲô
Ҷ²²ûܲµóҲ֪Ϊʲô
ÿһ۵궼ǼΪصģû֪Ǿȥ˺δϻһЩģֻû֪ʲôط
أҶ·ڽ֮С
ǻ䣬ҶϷ˵ɫĹ㣬ƺǿеĳһƬǿһ
龰һҶԼûв˼ڲϵɢܿСɽκϸ΢ı仯ܱ׽
ʱˮţ
~
ˣҶؼ״̬˳һ󻺻³һδ籡ҡͷβ
磬
Ҷ֪ԼͻѾǳƽˣƺҪͻˡ
ҶͻƣҪʵϴ
֪ҪȻ걻ɢޱǿ󣬲пǰѰƾۻ굤ҩ
Ҷӣ
ʱ򣬺˴ӲԶҶ˵սĵһ죬ҶſսأôˣߣȥòͣȻһȥ䳡
˵ţҶܾѧԺʳ÷ȥ˿Ѿвòˡ
ѧԺӪȻζզأӪǺܳģʺеĵӲľѪ
ҶѧԺˣһѧԺ˲֪˲ѧԺĴϵ
ҶԷֵĴŪһֻиܳԵĸ߼͡
ͣʰҲȥսЦֻ۾гһ죬Ҳ۾Ķ
һٴͳҶ磬ǿеȣɼһٴ̺˶ôֲľ
ԹҶͺ˸ϵ䳡ʱ䳡ɽ˺ˡ
˰̨һȴűսӥɳϺλѧԺǿæάơ
ϯϣѾԺϺ̸Цᣬúܿÿ˵Ĺϵܺг
սʽʼ˭ԸսĿսˣֻҪսʤԼս
ά֮ӥɳվ̨ϣǿһսˡ
һЩΪսʤǿʼԾԾȴû˵һǰ
ɣ
Ҷվݵߵ̨ϣӥ˵ϣս𣿡
˻һ˶ˣû뵽ҶȻҪ侪ˣֱսѵô
УҪսҪΪսԼѡɣ
ԺǸϲ⣬ӥҲֻǴܹѣ֪Լ϶ĳЩ˵ĲҲû취
ϲĻҲֻűϵùǱҲ޷粵
ǺðɣҴֿʼս
Ҷ̾˿Ƚѵٺд裬ֻܰˡ
֣ͽ̨̣ϣҶȭ
ͽ̲ҵ໥дɣ
أ֪ҶսʵȻǳǿԼδػǶ֣ô˵Ϊ˺ԼĵλҲҪȫԸ
򣡡
һƽ͵˻ʥȭʩչһĪѹҶֹ·һһ㣬ɻˣȸӰΧ
ৣ
Ҷü٣˲ԭʧˣţͻأĳıһȭĺĴȥȭͷһСһ֮ƺܴ硣
飡
Ҷȭͷͻ˿ռƣݺĺϣֱӽĻˡ
漴ҶȭͷĵѨϣֻҪһ£㲻ҲȻˡ
ҡˣ
ɫʱøѿôҲû뵽ҶȻܹһ˲ץԼ似֮ãɵĽԼˡ
ʲô
Ͱˣ
Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
̨֮¼ը˹ɺͲ²˷һš
Ψйϯϵλ¶𾪵ɫ۹Ϭһ۱㿴ҶԼļ٣ץס似е㣬һ๦
ҪôǿĹ۲Ӧ
λ
Ҫ֪Ҷֻһͨڵʿ
սʤʱ̥ˣҶȴͨûʩչӮ˱Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȡɻʤģʵ޹أҲ̫ˣԲŻô˱ϧˣ
۵̵õ˺ܶ˵ĸͺͬǲԸҶȻǿֵز
ܹȡɻʤҲʵȥԣ˾伥

Щ˶ʱƻˡ
ҪϢһ𣿡ӥҶѯʵ
ҪսɣҶҡͷղûзѶȻϢ
Ǻã侪ϳսʼ
ӥɵͷ侪ϳʼҲ֪ҶͲϢղӮ̫ˡ
Ҫ٣֮ʵǱԷץס©ĬĬص̨Ե˻ʵʥο
ĳɳ֮죬ҳԾҲѹԼľˡ侪Ҷͷƽ˵
ڽս֮ǰҶһͬ±ҶŰǳġ
Ȼһˣͬ޵УֻǱսûҪѹԼľ硣
ǵ·սĻԲԾѹҶǻѡͬƴһս֤۵ĺ˲κˡ
ְɣ
Ҷͷ֪Ϊ˺ϣΪ˱ԼĵλѧԺԴ侪һȫԸġ
񷣡
侪һչֳǿĹ·۸һ㣬ÿһ˿˸žӨĹâһȭ췭ظа
򣡡
ҶһѡӲӲʩչȭһȭֲ˹·ĩһ㡣
ȭVSȭ˭ʤ˭
һ̣˳ڴ




1409 ̥
䣡
Ҷ侪ȭâײһ𣬱̫Ҫҫ۵Ĺâҫ˶ۣһЩʵһЩɢ˫ѪŲȥҿ̫
ţ˴սһÿһǳֲ֤似ǳǿ󣬿˵Ѿھۡ
侪۵ѪȻǳǿ󣬲ϧҶ似ͱҶƽˡ
ڰУ
ھУ
ʮУ
򵽵ʮغϵʱҶץס侪ʽеһΣ㿪һȭĻâˣ漴ȭͷݺݺϡ
ۣ
侪һѪ˱Ҷһȭɳȥ̥ûжñˡ
~
Ҷûгʤ׷ڵһѹղһȭûκαƿ侪ķ
侪֮󣬿ٰڳһ̬ȴҶû׷ɫʱøѿ
ˣ
޷һǰܵѹҶһȴûѹƾ°ܸҶǳ𾪡
ɳٶ̫ˣʱգƬ㽫Ψһǣ
侪Ȼ̾һ
ܸ룬޻˵Ͼţʵֲ
ܸЩɱϾԼˣٲҲûãֻܵȵλ֮Ѱһսˡ
ҶսʤˣԼһǲǲûн
˶һģΪʲôҶʵȻ֮죿һһС簡
޷ܵǣҶȻͨûжã似ͽԼˣѵôǿ
Ҷʤ
ӥɿɲôģܲ˵ĻʲôʸԺѧϰ
ҶϢһ»Ǽսӥʵ
ս
ҶĿ˫ŷ޾ս⡣
㻹Ϣһ°ɣ֮˵ԼĲŵʧܣҲռˣ
Ц޲ҶϾд֮־ˣҶոմս֮ˣĿ֮£ػҶ
ȻҵȷһЩģǶԸѾ㹻ˣһսɱ⣬ɣ
ҶϣޱţȴĴ̶ʲôĻܶԸԼ㹻ˣ˿Լ
㻹治һĿҾԸսɣ
վĶҶ·һͷ޾һ㣬ΣյϢ
Ҷ̫ˣΪսʤ侪սʤ𣿡
ţҶƾʲôţ׼˿սʤ
ҶϢûУս侪ֱ֮ս̲ס
˶ΪҶѽսɹ
һ棬ҶղսЩģ״̬
һ棬ҲţͬԿ״ս£ҶҪսʤ֮ѶȲС
һȺ鳣
ʯҰ˵Ҷһܹڣһʯѣ赲ҶĽŲ
Ҹ˾ãҶѼսɹ̫ɱ۵ļɱˣܽӵ
ϯϣ˵Լжϡ
ҲôΪ
ͷ͡
ǸҶͨڣܵĿԺܴڲ֮ɡ
ΪҶʵڲ֮䡣
ǿҶܹﵽͨڣͻһݵĻĿԺܴڱȶԷһ磬Խսɹ¡
СܵܣѾȲ뿴ЩǳԾģˡ
Ⱥ֮УһЦ˵֮гڴ
һսҪΪӣΪֵܱ𣡡
̨ڣ·Ӿĵظдһ˸ⲻֻǿϧܻɱ㣡
ǺǡǸ𣿡ҶЦˡ
ûϾ֪ˣ
йâһһıɱ˲̨ɳĵâ²ңңָҶʺ
Ҷһһ㵭â·һɫĿһ
߾֮ײԣǷȴƺһЩ鶯
ɱ
ûκηϻһҶȥĵâ˺ա
ಣ
ҶŲ׷ǲһһڼ䲻ݷܿĵâһȭڵâϡ
꣡
ɵĵâȻѵҶһȭҵĹˡ
飡
Ҷٲһţ׽âˣйâһһâƵĴǹ
׵ǹ
ȻǷƷԼԾɲ
ңݰ˵˷Ƶ׵ǹ棬Ȼֻͨ鱦̣ʹʵܷӳҲ
˵һɳ͵鱦ѵãôೡҶûжù׵ǹ춯ˡ

׵ǹ֣Ҷʩչ߱ǹ̨ǹӰһǹâ䣬֯һƬɱ¾֮⡣
䣡
˿壬бƵƵն
׷ǲ˫Ҷȫ似ͨȴ򲻵ҶȴҶĹֵúһæңҶǹ¡
̲ʲô£һսһֻ֣
ŭһֶȴҶٶȣǳ
㲻üңûõģ
ҶЦٶҲսһ֣οϱıֻҪʤʲôֶβҪܹսʤİ취ãӲƴ

ŭޱȵıʵȶԷǿ󣬿ƫƫڱĵλҪըˡ
ů︴գ
ƴˣɱĻκβҶҲˡ
ļɱʩչ̨ϳ˴Ļ꣬һ˵㡣
Щ꾧Ө͸ǳƯȴɱޣÿһƬ궼ܸգʿɼ˺
ǿǹ˵㣬һԵĶʴ˵꣬ʴ˵̥
ҶһɲǼˣȼգֶճޣ̥Ͳֶء
죡
Ҷһȣ׵ǹâеĻȫˣڶ
֮գҫأ
һȣһֳҵ̨̫Ͽգ⣬Ҷѹȥ
ɱ
Ҷһ֮ȭͷâ˸չȭݺѹ̫ȥ
飡
һ촫޴Ҷһȭˣɱգ÷ֶһȫŵ
̥
ļɱƣʶҶǿֱӶ̥һڴ⬵Ĺ޳ˣֱ˸Ҷײȥ
ৣ
ҶıҲһһģһˣ·ֵһ㣬ֻ˻Ͻɫף쳣
ҶһôǰչԼ̥
̥
һ̣ȫԾ




1410 һ
ԼΪ۳̥пҶ̥ȫɵˡ
ϯϵǣ׷վضҶʥ̥ξˣ
Ϊ
̥δУ
飡
𾪵ͬʱҶ̥һһŽһ̥߳ȥƤһ
һ̥һ󰵵㱻Ҷ̥һɢˣһ
ʮ콣
һԴ̥֮Уһ̥ٴʵˣ콣һȫ䣬Ҷȥÿһ콣ɳҫۡ
ɱ
Ҷһȣ̥ϣһˣȭչž˸֮
䣡
ȭգһ룬ʮ콣Ю֮ȥ
֮ɱ㣡
캮ضţ
Ҳ˲Ͼˣһӽȫʩչг˴ҶתҶȥ
漴̨ϵ¶Ȼ½һ͵ı㣬֮ȫסܱסת
ͨʿһָǣɣֱܱˣҶо˳ǵĺ⣬·ֱӴıһ㡣
𣡡
Ҷ𣬺ڷÿһ˿иյΰ֮к¡¡죬·ڿٵһ㣬ʮѨе̥Ӱһŭ
ŭҶһ⣬Ͻɫ֮һߣ赲ָɱһֵףй׾Ļת
ͣ
Ҷ˫̫һ㣬ʮɵĽâüѿһɵӡ˲ѹ£ǿѹ
ͬʱҶȥƲ䣬ȭں߱ǹ޵ǹ⣬һ赲ȥ
һ̣Ҷͬںžѧֲ
̥壡
һ̥ԼΪһ壬˲佫һأһȼʵȻ
ɱ
ƴˣԼ䣬ҶҪӡ屨
ûõģ
ҶŲһ㣬û˿еĲɵӡѹķ˸֮ȼ꣬һ
䣡
Ҷչ׷ǲʯһ㣬ɲǼ嵽ߣɱ
κһʿ˵ֻҪʵ̫⣬һҶ͵ʧܣûɱʤ
ˣ
Ҷһȭȭһ𣬺ݺݵĺԺһǣ
飡
ȭͷ˲ըˣѪɽײҲҵĹͷˣҶȭͷϽɫ֮

ҽһŵؿԼʧ֣ŭ񣬲˷ת˲ͨڣȼ˵Ҷȥ
ҶҲǺɵӡ̥ϣ·һÿһȭ
ۣ
ֹâ˸ɱֱһȭҶˣϽɫѪɽ
Ҷüͷûһ£絶㽫ˡӶʿˣ֮Űƻ
ҵһĻ˶þˣ˭Ҳû뵽˵ĴսȻ˵Ѫȶпᡣ

ܼʥ۵ĴУ˫ڣ޲ֱӳһƽҶĳɷɻҡ
ȴܶүүͼҶոշû죬ǰ֮ӥͶˡ
Ǳκƻأ
һضȥĻʲôʸϵ·ۣ
Ҷ
ʧУû뵽ҶȻѡͶԷܾ˵ķʽսʤˣҲ̫ˣӮҲȻḶ޴Ĵۡ

˵ҲǾҶжôֲǷǳģȻֱܹ˼飡
Ҷ硭
סԼС죬ʧС
Ȼ֪ܺҶʲôһŷȴܿƵʲô⡣
һ㣡
һͳɢű⣬Ҷڵ֮ˣʿ建ԭ·һ㡣
⡭
һЩˣȻһ˾ǲģ⻹ô
ԭӥѾ׼ȥֹ˵ıˣһĻܼͣʥȥ
ֻܼʥɫ¶˵Ц⣬˲֮ȥҶذܡ
ž
ָʱҶߴ֮תѪأҲڿٵĸԭš
ţ
һĻһû뵽ҶҲ˲ָơ
˶ӵиͬʱ޸壬ٴδսһ
ķѵǱԴҶǺķѴ֮˼ų־ôս
ҿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
Ҷ˫ƣıʣȭգ̥϶Ϊһһȭ·һСȭͷһ㡣

˿ʾɱֱ죬ȭӭҶٴδսһ
̨Ϲâҫۣƿ˸˹ನƬ䳡Ͳˡ
飡
Ҷɱٴκһȭ׷ǲļ¶ķһȭԴ
ǿҲסִ򷨣Ҷɳȥ߰˴ΣÿһζһƬѪ꣬ͷ֪˶ٴΣԴɺԣһתԽԽѡ
꣡
Ҷٴδһȭڼ޸ٴκɳȥصײڷϣſһѪȻҲûսˡ
Ҷͣһڣ絶üȥ
һ£ˣɣ
ΪҶϲ֮ƣ֮ȼգԻꡣ
䡭
Σʱ̣˲棬Ѹ䣬Ǳ³
飡
ӥɼʱִ֣һƬ⣬м䣬Ҷһϣ㽫ˣŵðĶ㵽Զ
ͬʱԺǿҲ˸ˣһöʥָơ
Ȼ
˶֪һսָܹʵҲȻ־սܶ־һ޴Ĵܷʧ߳ͿԼԺˡ
·Ϊӡ֤˵Ĳ²һ㣬һ̵˪ӣֱˡ
һ̣ˣ֮ǰǺεȵĲһ
һ̣Ҳں£ӥҶսĻôѾΪһʬ




1411 ͨ
Ӯˣ
˵˻ȸԾ໥أһսѾ춨ҶڵĻˡ
ģҪ׬һˣ
ʯҰЦúܺ񣬵ԽԽŤЬӸӡ
ҶڵĻʣ۱󽫻׬׬ܶƲҶȥ׵㶼þˡ
ϣ֮ݻ˼Ҫľһڶ޷ȫָ
ʱʱԺһǿߴյҶߣʶ˵
ղžΪƣ鲻֪һһƷǳأһڣѾˡ
֪ˣʱܣҪȥ
ӥͬʶķʽһһǿѾ̨ȥˡ
ҶǷսҪϢһӣһ֮ӥתҶ˵
ã
Ҷ˵ͷ̨һطϥתָսĵ
ⳡսĺܶѪȣѪĳ棬úܶʿоԼսѪڷڡ
Ȼ
ܶȴԸ⿴ҶʤܵĻǾõĽˣܶ˶׬һʡ
ǣҶӮˣúܶвˬսʤζŽֻһˡ
һ̣˶֪ҶѾ˺۵ʸ񡪡սʤʱҲǷһֽš
ҶȻòңȴѹԵƻʤġ
ѡս
Ҷ󣬵ȴһˮ˹͹Уʱը˹̨¹Ƿˡ
ѵܹڲɣ
뵽⣬ܶ˶ˣ֮ǰΪҶܻʤҲû⣬ڣҶѾԼʵ֤ȷжڵʸ
㡢ңˣһӾ춼ˡ
СܵܣŶ㿴㣡
аΪҶͣǸҶһĸ࣬ҲҶնڡ
һӺܿ͹ȥˣԴԴϵԪҶգʮѨеָܿ۷״̬
ָ֣̣
һӺҶվ빰˵
ĺǿ˶ˣ
뻺վ̨룬˫ޱȣҶһƽ˵һֱûС㣬㻹ˡ
ֹˣǽҶѡҶ΢Ц˵
ȵǫǽı֣ܽ
ҲЦ¶׵ݣЦݺ崺硣
һ˽ܣ˼ϲ˭᲻ԾĲ׽ĸо
ȻҲǽģܱϿɣκ˶޷ӽĺֻʸ˿

磬ѹףȨǲƵģ
ǿȫָˣɲʧ
վ̨̨֮ºһƬ˵ΪҶʹûˡ
ܶѺܹڵ˶ڴţϣܹҶ
Ȼˣǲ˵Ϊ˺Լ͵λҲԲˮģȻ߾ȫһս
øűѡ֣
ۿҪʧأӥɲòվƳ棬ЩܽѧԺˡ
ӥɳ棬ʱСܶ˻߬ȭͷΪʹ֮⣬ûԸҶʤ
սزѾ˵ԤϣѧԺеһЩϽʦɫҲÿҲ뵽˶ľ֮Уڡ
ҶһڣǵĶעҲѪ޹飬ʯ֮ǵǲںɿ۵ĸоȴǸܡ
Ҫ˷ʱˣʼɣ
˵ţһž죬Լľӡͨڡ
ҪҶƽһս
Ϊһд֮־Լϡ
Ȼ֪ҶʵǿȻҪͬսнҶܣԼ񻰡
Ҷ֮ǰͬսûҲǺܶΪ֤ϣԭ
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ͬһսҰˣûнһսһҪӮΪԺԴΪЩѺʤ˵棬ҶԴҪӮⳡʤ
Ҳһ㣬˲ͣһжͬʱٻ˽̥̹ȻͬһսҶĶ֡
Ҷͷջ׵ǹҲҪӮΪһŵұҪŵ
ӥɵ˰ͷҶȷǿ߷緶Ҳ˶дʱķɡ
ǿ˵Ʒʣ̨˿ȴҶ׵ǹֱָʺ
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ʱȴûнҶջ׵ǹ⿪Լķӡʵһӻָͨ۷塣
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ˣղǷӡԼľ磬ͨڵʵҶıģԲŻᱻܣ˷Ӧġ
ҶҲǸȻܹսͬͬм˾̾Ҷǿ
ǿûãȻ䣬ͨںͨڸһǵ蹵зɡ˼ʤ롣
ͣ
룬
̨ΪʹڶһЩŮʿҪ˫޵Ļܶ˾°͡
ϯϣƶҲŵĹעⳡΪⳡغŹھչ
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ЩǹؼԪ۶ɣӵĪ˱ԴͨԪͨʹӦ֡
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һһЩߣɫʱүүҵʥɫǸѿ
ͨԪ֮ĸԪУԪģһҲǷǳǿġ
ڣͨȻҶûãһʱо˲




1412 ƾ
ಣ
Ҷһ⣬ͻͨһȭؿȥ
һ֮Уκ˱Ҷ֮Ǳ磬û˿ɱϺ⣡
ѾǳǿˣֻܹͨغĲԣ˵Ѿﵽͨڵļޡ
һ˵ǿֻҪǿߣǲܱƵġ
Ȼ
ҶȴڴУ
壬֮壬ǾεϴͿͨ
ԺǿӲƴ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҷǰǲġ
飡
飡
飡
ȭҶȭÿһȭܴһС磬ĲϺˣѹûκη
ͨƣû뵽ģһӱ˸ֲЩֱӱˡ
̫ˣȻԪͨߣ
Ҳ֪ҶǷߣκͨûãΪҶͨרſԼ
ˣһսҲܣ
ס֮벻ѹԼΪ֮˲ͻˣʵǣﵽͨڣ
꣡
΢׵˸ȴʼû
Сͻ٣뽫ͨ˳Խ޵ı֣
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֮ǰ²Ҷͻƣصزȴû뵽ͻƣ١
ͻƵ֮ͨɢһΣյϢ˷·һѳʵ콣һ㣬ɱ
ţȻͻˣ
Ҷˣܹͨƾ似ҲԲǶ֣
뾹Ȼͻˣܶ˶ʱͨڵ붼ôǿͻƵͨѾҶС磬ҶҲܷˡ
Ǿ
ЩڵϲЦտһʤȯյӡ
Ƕɫѿˣ鶼û뵽⣬ҶҪӮˣȴ֦սͻƣһӽٴˡ
ʱϲԵĸӦûн٣ζͲþˣֻҪ뿪ֵķΧǳȥҪɽٵġ
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飡
ҶҪʩչ׷ǲܿȻһȭͨȴΧĿռ䶼ˣ׷ǲٶȴۿۣȻûбܿһӻɳȥӹѣһϽɫѪ
һȭҶɣ벢ûгʤ׷ƽؿҶˡ
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ɫҲǳѿҶ˽⣬ղſ¾ļսˣȼҲսʤͨڵ롣
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һ̣ûΪҶз̵ϣӥɺͻȺеϲҶûϣˡ
ͨԽСսʤԼͬŵĶ֣بδУʱڵĴ۶
䣡
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ͻƺչЩԭΪҪһɶʿǴӵصã
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ҶȳһѪ˿֮ת˵ٸԭվ˫Ĺâ
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Ҷ֮˵һӦ仰ʵô࣬ûκϣȻҪսȥⲻǷʲô
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ڲû뵽һϷԣȴҶεؼסˡ
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ӱطǳ֮ڵ·ϣȻǺܶ˵جΣ
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ɫһ䣬ҶԭǺ⣬û뵽Էǵ飬
ҶóԷԼ˼Ŀǰ״Ҳ޷ͣûٶѿࡣ
ãܺãǾҿôҵİɣ
˵ţٴδһȭɫȭâͨ쳹أݺҶ
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䣡
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漴ҶҲȼˣֽȻͬڴ֮ĵ£
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Ҷߣʬʬ帡ֳʥħͬʱƵ
ȻֻӰҲ㹻ˣ˶ĿɿڴǻǵһμҶʩչֹ
ʵͲʲôħսմȾħϢȼʱͻԶԻһ
ȼ֮ҶʵͬӳһȭӲӲĶԺһǡ
䣡
Ҷٴεɳȥ˿С
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ҶһĳңңûκâûУ·һƸûʲôһ
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ۣ
ļʿɢݳʱ׻һѪյ˳ȥֳһƬң




1413 һˣ
Ժ䳡һƬңܶʿ⵽˲㱻ɱ
ৣ
ӥɺλϸԺһ֣һ˵ػס磬ɸѡ
һ̣ȺеϲסˣֱӷɳִһƬ⣬˱
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ž
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֮޸ȶֻĵҪʱָܻ۷塣
ԭ̨һӣڿӵſȫǶ˿ӵףϢ΢

ʥҽһӥɲȺĳ˿ӵף˳
˷ֱһ״˼أ˿΢̥ϳ˼أȻû֮ǣҪԭȫκ͵ҲһЩʱա
㾹˺֣ʵڸ
ʥŭһһеһƵҶȥͻأ͵Ϯ
Ȼ
Ժϲͷ˼ӺҶ漴һƣʥӲƴһǣʱʥɫһɷס
ƽһսӮѵֻҵĺӴ˱ˣͲ˴𣿡ϲ˫Ĺâ
û֮ͬ棬һ˲ø棬Ĺأ˭ƻأԺϵԺִӥͬ˵ìͷֱָʥ
ǸһʱóȻ֣Ժ
ʥ˼㣬ԭΪʤɣû뵽ҶȻ˿ֲĺ֣һȥ˵ֻͨڣͨ۷壬ڵǿ߶δܽӵ
ղŵľٶֱϲץסС裬ĻҾǴоԶҲȻᱻɱһС
ٴһ飬ۣ֮ͬԺʣ˭ƻأԺĵº֣֮£Ժ
ϲĻﴫѧԺúܶǰĸȻľ
Ժĵλ̫ˣ汨ǵ嶼ܲסǣ
ڣǽ췣Ļ˵Ҳøŵù
Ϊ˲췣ʥʹľִصͨڣ¾硣
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ӮˣӮˣ
˺ʯҰ˼ֽУ·ղ׳١
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ʣȻҷ𣬸Ϳסһͻƺ붼һĳˣ˭ȥûá
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һ취ҲûУ벻νǿԭûģ˭Ҳû뵽Ҷɱһ·򵽵һû赲ĽŲ
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Щڵɽһ㣬һʼҶͬ繫ƽһսսܣΪѾˣԼ䶨ˡ
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ϯϵλҶĿⶼˣϳ˱۹ⶼҶжٵơ
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ˣǻĵǣҶǱ˵ˣдˣ
ÿһʱֻһǣǻϷ־󲿷ˣڵ·ϲλɾϵλ
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һ֮󣬳ܿͿѧԺˣʥһʱ䡣
һжƽ֮ӥɻϰգ˵ûԸսûеĻҾսĽˡ
ӥɵĻһµ˭ҲȥսˣǶԼʵ֪֮սҲδܻʤǲȥùͷˡ
һûǰսӥսʽҶսɹȡλãΪλĵһ
Ҷ䣡
ӥɻ䣬Ǳ㻶Ҷ˵һҲǳˡ
ܹԽһֵܶţԽֵܶǾšԽһŵԽġҶǹĵһˣ
Ժϲվܣ쳹ʣܹԺΪ٣գԺҶĵΪ١ԺĽ




1414 ֶԼ
λԲҶǿʵ޿Ķ˵һλá
̨ȫҶһƸݻˣƶˣ
Ҷľ˱֣Ժ˵ͬʱҲЩۡ
Ϊÿһ߼ķƷǳѿ̻ƸҲҪķѲپ̻ܿһķƣҪֲȥ޸
׷ȥһЩɢ޺СʿҲˣѧԺ˲䰲
ʱ䣬ԺϺ꾭ܵļͷѾҶһµӵλԴķ䶨
ৣ
Ϻһ֣һھ䳡Զɱϣɱһâ˸֮󣬱ԳҶ˵λԴķ
ĶԴϸѾʾɱˣԼȥɣ̨ٵϺơ
ʱ˭ҲȥùͷҶһɱ֮ǰ
֮ԭʧˣȻһʮ˵λúԴϸ
ҶλеһʮźŹŶÿ¿ȡһʯ
⣬ѡһԺ似Ȼˣֻһ似ѣʲôǿ
Ժ似Ҷûʲô뷨ԴѾȭ߱ǹȵ似ɱɢ֣㹻ˡ
ĽǣΪλĹھҶõÿĵĲĽ
ÿһ˽Ժ˵ÿܹĵھŲһʱĸԵҶȻܹڵĲ죬ֱĴ
Ժôʱ䣬ҶԺһЩĻѾһЩ˽⡣
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ÿһʮŶɹʿ֮ãĶɼʵǲ
ĴΧµķֲԪˮڣĵططΪȻҪһЩ
֮⣬ǿѵ򣬿ɹʿʵսÿֻʮͬʱ롣
ǿѵÿһοҪĴʯԺڶ࣬⹩ԣЩԴֻܿ͹׵ȡˡ
Ҷȫÿǿѵռʱ䣬ǵ֮ǰ㽫ǿѵռһϺȡ
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ȥɣѧԺʵʵ
˸п˵ʵģҲҶȥԶ
֪֮ƾڵʵȥĻ˷ʱ䲻˵пΣգʵʵѧԺʵڡ
پϯԵ൱ˣÿ˶ԼĴͰţѡȡ׵㣬ԼѡѧԺ
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û뵽΢պȹƵֳźΣֵ˵ȻˣôҪ𣿡
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Ҷ飬СѧԺзʯȥ

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һǿ֣߳Ҳûһƴ֮˼۱ơ
ȻˣǱƲѣǲ׶õ۱ģıֶΣ




1415 Ѫ
Ժһ⻬羵ʯڣҲ֪ˣ˵ԺһԺɵġ
⻬ʯϣԺÿ귢ĸѳ̶ȲͬȡĹ׵Ҳв
˵Խ򵥵ģ׵Խ٣Խѵģ׵ԾԽࡣ
ʯϣ˷ĸ֮⣬׵ĶһƷϸȵȡ
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ǡ
׵ܹһƷʱҶʱˡ
ݣ
һ飬ҩ㹻Ļܹɰҩ
ƾۻ굤زٵҩ֮һԺҲõѣҪõ㹻Ĺ׵ܶһ
Ҷֱ֪ҩǳѵãܹ飬κʿ˵Ƿǳģ϶вڴǵ⡣
ţ
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֣ôһ㹱׵㶼ûУҲеǳ֡
˵Ҷ֮ؾ֮ɱ˴ޣҴ󲿷ֶͨڵޣӦвٹ׵Ŷԡ
Уҵʸף
ҶסˣⲻǿЦ𣿻Ҫһ׵ܶһԼһ㶼ûУȥҲ˰
ˣԼˣ
Ҷ׼ȥӥɳʸ׵ʱӥɳϴƮƮǰԶ
ϣҪһͣΪʲôûκι׵㣿֮ؾɱôޣܲһ㶼ûйװɣҶʵ
УȻУһܶ࣡
ӥɳڵ˵Ĺ׵ѾԼĹˣˣ֮ؾеʱȡ˶ʯЩʯҪ㹱׵ģ൱ǰԤ֧Ԥ֧𣿡

Ҷɵˣ֮ؾеʱȡʯԶˣ˵Ĺ׵֧Щʯʣ࣬Ѿһա
ҪһʲôӥɳЦеʵ
һݣҶԼ뷨˫ӥɳ˵
ǶԲҲܰ㣬Ҫõ㹻Ĺ׵Уᱻ˶һߵġ
ٸһϢֻʣˣҪһĻҪ죬ֻܰһ꣡
ӥɳϵĻЩοһҲУܱһҲûҪǿ
ӥɳϺ˶֪Ҷ꽣Ҫ꣬Ҳûж롣
Сܵܣģν㽫˵Ĺ׵㶼ӮˣҲûй׵ˣ㻹лᣡЦ˵
²˳٣Ҷ̽ŵʯѰһĹ׵ࡣ
ѵģ׵Ȼ࣬ȴҲŲٵƣܶ๱׵㳬ĶȡҶ̾
գܹȡУҶȽϣѡȥռѪʯ
ѪʯһֱѪ޵޺ˣͨɫһ㣬ʿ֮󣬿ںԼѪУıʣǿļ̶̳Ⱥʿ˵Ѫʯһַǳ޺ˡ
޺һ㶼һԴȪ̺кԪԪǿʵ
ȻܹںѪıʵ޺ȴһֶѣ
һѪ޶޺˺ڵ֣ΨбѪֻ޺ˣûڵڵȫں޺֮ˡ
ֱѪʵǳǿ󣬿νе֮ͰͬȼģɼǶôɱ
ռѪʯҪµĵӲܽӣϵĵӾͲܽˣûͨʿˡ
Ѫ޷ǳѧԺеõϣΨѪظбѪޣطûС
ѪλڶϲѪǶǧһƬɽУǵҵΧ̡
˵ɱһɵѪ飬˲ѪʣµѪɷ̫أγһ޴Ѫء
ѪǸѪĵ̣ȻѪ鱻ۻɱˣѪǵȴ
Ѫسγɵʱɷ죬ûκܹΨѪܹӽѪ޵á
ܵѪѪĸȾܶѪ޶˱죬ԲųΪ˱Ѫޡ
Ĳ׺ɣѪеɷĥˣǱѪȴҴഫ
Ѫ޵ʵȻǿ󣬵ȴֻͨڶѣǿͨ۷壬ʼ޷ͻƵ
Ʋ⣬Ѫ֮޷ͻƵ߾磬Ҫԭʧȥڵ
ڵ廯εĸؼڣûڵκ޶޷ΣѪ޿¾Ϊڵ޺һͻƵ
СҪѡռѪʯ
Ҷѡ鲻ɵõĵѵҵΧһǵ֪ȥѪأһ˽ɱġ
޷
Ҷҡͷ˫ĹâгԺ壬ҲֻҪһǿ߲֣һһ治˭
˵һֱڱչУֻҪӦû⡣˼Ƭ˵
죿˭
Ҷʵ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬һţһδ˻治֪
ܳţΪǿˣʵﵽʲô̶ˣû֪ӥһ˵
˵ǿδôðһҶɻʵ
˵Ǹ죬ȻҲʵҲǿǺͲԶˡ
΢ЦҶ˵Ƴǿˣģǿ죬Ժű¶
ԭ
Ҷ°һûϵֻҪС£Ӧòµġ
Ӯʹ򣬴Ӯߣ
Ȼ֪ʵǿ˺ֵزӵ¼ٵ׷ǲ㲻У߻ûġ
ʲôʱ׼һ£
ʵҪȥռѪʯҪ׼һЩ
ɣ
Ҷһ£ɫҪȥѪҪգѾˡ
õģȥ׼ƮȻ뿪ˡ
ҶȥСģѪ޲ô׶ԸģɢȻǿ󣬵¶ʱֻһΰɣ򲻵ѣҪã
ӥɳĳĶҶһҲ뿪ˡ
ͬʱԺһľС
Ӣ˵ɵ˵ʲô
ãģ常Ѿ±ɱҶСӻˡӢˣ˿ȴǳᣬ§ϸ
Ҹ׺͵ܵܶڴУɱҾݣĿɷ˫ƺл
ˣãģֻҪ߳Ժһڵˡ
ЦһãѾչôãҪҪȥһ£˳һҶûг
һͺˡ
¶һ棬ĽԼ׿ļͷ˵
ǺãǾȥѪأɱһЩѪޣѪʯʣǿǿȺ
ѪʯĹЧǳϤΪûɱѪޣù




1416 Ѫ
س¶ϣ˸߲ɫĹâɽԪ뵣
ҶĶĵʮźŹŶ
е̡
Ϊڻһ˵֮ʮʮоţȥһΪʮڵر塣
Ŷ·ԶȪ٣СϪڻһ㡣
Զʮ׾µĲɣУ·ϣ籡
һҹҶоԼʵٴһЩ̥ޣ·һ㡣
̥ǹһ
֮ǰûκ۹ԼΪ̥
̥󾿾ᷢʲôҲ֪һжδ֪С
СܵܣҲˣ˵
ƯһϮ°׳ȹڷ٣ݣ۲ת䣬ǡ
ȥװôƯҶȤһ䡣
ǰ
գգ۾¶һ˲Цݣ˼ҿأ
˭ңôƯҼ˭Ϲ۵Ҳϣ
˵˵ЦЦܿԺİ칫ңʱԺſڴһ׺ܹȭȴζƺΪһ塣
ҶûдţǾվһԵ֮˵
ſţҶ㿴һЩŵԺȭƺһ˵ĶڣȻҶȴ֪ǵһ£ؽʯ쾪
ϣۣƣ
ҶɲǼһ˿򣬵ȴץסеİ壬һַǳĸо
ܿ죬ԺȭˣǵƺһȥӥСȥɣƣյˡ
Ҷջǹĸǣȥӥɳˡ
һ·ϣԺܶӶǣһĽӶˡ
쵰
Ҷ˵Ц߹лҧڸ˫Ľʺ޵Ĺâ
׷飬ɫûҶѧԺ죬鹲һҹӰ룬£ֱˣ
ûлĴ⣬Ҷֱӥɵİ칫ص㡣
߰ɣҴȥ󡣡
ӥ֪ǵ⣬ûпףֱӴȥ
ѧԺһڿеĹڣǳ׳ۣٸÿһжһ̨ͨĸǳء
ϰھͺˣ
ʱҶ˰ǣһǸƵʦֻ֣Ҫڣ̻һ̨һ
ΨһˬľǣǵĴƣ̾봫һⶼûУҲСһԶɣʹˡ
Ҳû취Ǹ׵ļһһϣȻԺԶɣŲǡ
Ժĵ̫ˣ
һҶͲס̾ӶĸǳصÿһĴǳأдֱ̨Ӻɹȥ
Щ̨Ǿģ׼ޱȣԲŪùǧﶼûˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ˱ӥһſںȻдѪ׾Ĵ֡
ֻһʮƽ״̨ڴ롣
˵ϴ̨ӥɽһſʯǶڴ̨İ֮У˴
ˣ
׹һҶʧ̨ϣնȥ

ѪһǳӴĹųǣǽ߲˸ֵĺۼңԶУҲٴεս
ϲ£ʪֲïѪΧ಻ϵɽ룬дС
һ죬Ѫ⣬һ󲨶ͻȻѿ׹һҶ˴е䡣
΢ֱһ·Ҷ̷־ѪѾǧˣû
Ϊʿ˵ǧգۼѧԺѪǣֹʮֻܹǧ׵ֱȷ˼㡣
˲ûнǣֱӷֱһ·λѪطȥ
ˣɿͷ
Ѫǵܱ߻һЩͨ˵Ĵ򣬿ҶȶٴԼͷɹЩͨ˷ڵ
ҶҲû⣬ֱһӶçɽȥ
໺𡭡
µɽвϴ޺ʾĲƽȻû壬һЩǿҲǳѲ
ܶ޶˺ͨǷڸ߿Ҳȫ
ڼ䣬Ҷ˱㿴һͷޣ˫һչգһƬӹ
ޣҶ˶ܱܣʵڱܲͿٻɱг̡
ɱޣҶһ㶼û˷ѡֻҪʵǿޣǱκζܵԺȡ׵㡣
СҲ⣡
ٳɶĵҶ֪ģȻǵĿǱѪޣʵڱܲҲһԻɱһ׵㡣
֮ؾУѧԺĵɱޣ޺ǹԼõģԺ޺˿Զһ׵㣬ٽ޺Լˡ
ʱķУҶڽӽѪأԶԶرоһŨɷ
Ȼô꣬Ѫеɷͱĥ˺ܶ࣬Ȼǿͨˣʥ̥ʿӰ졣
˶Ѿﵽͨɷ˲ǡ
ҶϰɷȭɷһȻĵֿûں
⡭⻹ѪֱӽѪѪã
һ޼ʵѪأҶɵôסˣǰһƬѪ⣬һƬѪɫĺ
ѪѪ֮еĻ鷳ˣҶ
ǵûУѪȻǿ󣬵ҲȻѪ֮Уɡ鵭˵Ѫ޾ͲѪظ֮УÿѪϴһҪɱͨڵıѪޣֻͨڵıѪ޵޺˲ŽѪʯ
˽ѪظɽѰұѪޣԱɱ֮
꣬ѪеɷѾ˺ܶ࣬ɽгѪ֮⣬һЩޣʵǳǿ
ոǰ˲ǧףҶ˱˼ǿϮʵͨڵ֮䡣
һҲûг֣ޣҶֱײޱ̶̳ȣһȭ㽫һͷ޵ԴˣѪĽ
Щ۵ޣԭΪһ٣ȴԼСˣʬ嶼ҶսռС
໺𡭡
ͻȻһ쳹ɽ֣
һͷ񣬳ªĹӲݴдܳضҶ飬סҶ˵ȥ·
ͷƲǣûһëһ㳤˺ɫĸ񣬿ȥ˶ġ
峤߰ףѪɷأڵͺʱͨ岻кѪɫĻȼա
Ѫޣ
Ҷ̱϶ͷޱԼҪҵıѪޣʵͨڣɢһɿֲϢ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬽㿪
Ҷͬʱ֣һһͷѪ޹ȥ




1417 ڶ
䣡
ҶչȭһȭȭɽգصڱѪ޵ԴϣѪɽڵφ죬ʯͷʴÿӿݡ
ৣ
˫һӣһܼˮѪȥǿ
¡
ͷѪޱĺȻأɸӣԴûˣڵ֫ϵĳ鴤š
Ҷָ£ܿͷѪ޵ĶȡһöȭͷѪʯҲǱѪ޵޺ˣ
£öѪʯ·һ㣬Ĺâظ֪̺ȵ
ɣ
ЦûþջˣռʮöѪʯӦòѣ
ûô򵥣
ҶѪʯҡͷ㣬ѵûע⵽ͷѪ޵ʵʹ˵ȫһ˺ܶ࣬û´ĻǸոպͱսܹˣһͨ۷ޣ¾Ͳôˡ
ţ˵ĺܶԣҪСĲǣ
ͬҶĹ۵㣬ͷѪ޵ʵȷʹ˵ͨڲиΣڡ
çĹ֣ƣŵĵطûУЩС·ҲӲȳġ
̶ʱ䣬Ҷ˱˲ٲĺǣ޵ģҲġ
Ƿ绯ĿݹԤʾգʿҲЩݹһ˿ԵĹԣǰһͨڣǺڵǿߣȴ
ʿɱѪޣѪҲɱʿ֮໥ɱĹϵ
ѪظԭʼУźܶȻͬޣЩ޶ûѡΣԱʵ൱ǿ
~
ѪѪظһ㲻ӰѻŴӿзɹ̶
Ҷ˾һɱճɹһͷѪ޻ɱٴεõһöѪʯ
ͷѪ޵ʵԱ֮ǰͷʵҪǿֶܶ࣬ξķһֽŲŽɱɼռѪʯѶȡ
ڣƾҶһˣɱɢ֣ѽ֮ɱ
ɫһѪգҫҶڵɽȡ
ʱɽѾȼһһ鲻֪ڻɢ˵
ҶΧԣ߷ž̳ӣζɽе㣬
ḻջȻŸ߷գѪ޵ʵʵ̫ǿˣҶһھƣ̾
ȣͬͨڣѪ޿ɱޣҲʹＸûУϢٶȺܿ졣
ûɱĻͳ˱Ѫ޵ˡ
Ѫ޵ͨѪһչǿߵѪ죬ɸʴʿ꣬൱Ѳ
Ϊأ
Ҷһۣ֣ѧԺеϺƶģǸë趨Ȼ̫򵥡

ҶԺһԺҲˣʵҲ˵ݾͷԾúܶ˸ʰ·硣
ùͺҶָĵ
ǻ԰ѪҫƬɽ֣ʱɱԤʾ⴦ɽֵĲƽ
ѾϨˣڲԶһʯͷϣĿһؾĺɽڡ
Ҷǿգ˼ͷɵ˵뿪Ѿȥˣϲ֪ʲôӡ
ҶԼҩʦڣҲӦȥΣ
ΨĲµľ걻ɢˣȻԵϵĿƼûģܹȶã
ûϣ
һ뵽⣬ҶԴһʹȥǾۻ굤ĲϻûռȫѾͻƵͨΪϵĴ󻷾ݣлȥϣ
ģԵĿƼСѾͷû⣬ʵ㹻ˣȻԷӡԼľ磬ֿعͨռͨȥھͲҪˣŬʵҪġ
֪Ҷ뷨ϳ԰ο
ĿǰҲֻˡ
ҶЦЦдŨŨĿɬ
飬ҶɵԼĸϣԽ˽磬ҶԽΪԼĸ׵ǡ
̫ˣȻ໥ǣƣϻǹϵǢġ
ôܹ˵Ѱ׷ɱҲ֪úܲ⣬мҲܻأ˲
뾡һа취Ҫ
ĸףһҵһë
Ҷаһ˫ȭա

ͬʱ
Ѫصһ򣬰˵վһɽͷϣѪط
վ㺮һ㲻ʳ˼̻һɫȹϵأƺе˸Ůٳ
˵ʮĬĬվţһɢſҰϢԵøѱ
Щ˶ҵĸŵĽܳӣΨհ
콫ǴҲ˼ҲҪūţҲһõūŲС
ΪһȻǸӹţҲҪǿܶ࣬ǵĽܳȻҲǳǿ
ҾѡΣѡЩ˺һΪԺҴû
ǿ졭
־Զд֮־мڽƼĴȨ峤˾ĻųΪƶߣǧڶûʲô¡
Ҫһ˫ۣ
췢µĺ׳Ҳȷ˵⻰ʱ
ԴѪظһصĸо˵ʲôоܾս죬˴սһ
УҲɱͷѪޣõѪʯһöһö׷Ƿˡ
һöѪʯʹʿѪʣǿǿȺֿõĻЧͲˡ
ˣɱѪޣֱÿ˶ܹӵһöѪʯΪֹ
Щѱ׷ǸмѣóϷ׷ҡ
ò˵ȷ۵Ǳʣ£ĵֶξͲһóġ
ϾѪʯǳ󣬶κʿ˵ѵõıҩͱҩҪɵҩܱգѪʯֱ뼺
ϢɣѰұѪޣ
ջĿ⣬˷Ըһʮſʼ𣬿ЩҰζ伢
Ȼ磬һ²Զ޷ѾĸǿսأҪһ¾
ܿ죬ȼȥɱ˼ͷ޻ϴɾտ
Ѫ޵ǲʳõģɷ̫أʿаٺһȻȥԡ
Թʮ˱ҵطϥ߱Ŀȥˡ
˸λ˴ɽֲһ󣬷ֹй
ԵֿҰĶ⴦ɽһɴ⣬ͳ߿ŴصĴϢ˷
·ѹ£һƬ糺죬˫룬Ҫγˮ
죬ܺһҵĸûֻ̫ϣܰҵܵܺ͸ױ𣡡Ƹͬʱ̲ס˵
ģǸ֮ʱɥ֮գ
һ߼ӿٶȣһЦ˵




1418 Χɱ
һ죬ҶԽԽĬܶбɱ
Ҷռ޺ԽԽ࣬ǱѪ޵Ѫʯȴ١
ѧԺеܼ򵥣ҲɣҪռѪʯͨϵѪڲѪʯС
ΧѪأȷвٱѪޣʵȴβ룬ͨڵģҲͨڵģвֻʥ̥
Щ޸Ͳ˵ķۣıѪޣ˶ܱܣʵڱֶܲοٻɱ
УҶоԼѾͻƵٽ㣬֮ƿҲԽԽտˡ
żҶҲܴе۵һȭʮһȭܹͨڵıѪɱԸеСųOͣһ㽶
صۣǴﵽڲܴҶȻܹһȭܲ𾪣
ԽǺҶӴԽҶɲ⣬ϳ˸ܣ·һһ㣬˿塣
ԽԽҪ˽ڽݽȥҲ֪
սʵĲţϵĺսҶȭˡ
⣬Ҷ߱ǹҲΪ
֣߱ǹƷȭ˶٣ܿĳλۿǹ
죬ֱɱʥ޷⣬ֻӲȥ½ݣȥˡ
໺𡭡
һ˻ǰһͷѪޣʮɣƲǣ˫˸ĺ⣬Ѫɫĸ񣬶Сȥ졣
Сģһͷͨ۷ıѪޣ˵⸽ǿıѪˣ鵹һСҶѵ
ѣҶҲ֪ͷʮɵıѪ޲ǣɢſֲϢ
̫࣬ˣ
ڴʱҶ˵ʶͬʱһǰͷѪʶǶԻ
𣬱Ѫ޵˫۶ȻѪ⣬

һ죬ҶϰöףסѪ⡣
ǻת·һһ㣬ɢŵɫĹâѪжԶ
䣡
ѪѪ⾭ˮе䣬һϣֽһɽһ
Ѫޱߣ
һ޹Ѫ޶ʱ˲٣ֱʩչԼͨһƬѪͻأĳ֣ҶѪ֮С



Ѫɷ죬ɱһ˹ɱֹ⣬Ѫ֮УȻа׹ǳЩ׹ǵк˸ҲҶ˹ɱȥ
䣡
Ҷȭգ˿壬ɷ֮һȭ󽫹ǵİ׹ǻѪ֮С
ǻɢʥĹâ޾ˮԪؽױѪгȥˮԪأѪ
ˣ
һɽĴצӴ
ɱ
ҶϽɫ֮йâһ׵ǹУһбָ죬Ѫ޵ĴצӴȥ
ۣ
׵ǹ׾ٵĴ͸˱Ѫ޵Ĵצӣ֮ԵޱȣڴݻűѪ޵ľѪһ
С
ЩѪҶϣ̱֮ˣûжκ˺
ѪѪеĳЩ˱죬ǿͬʱҲǵΪ
ﵽ֮ͨһͻƵؽǴպںѪеĳЩµľ֮һ췣ɡ
첻̫ǿһӦػή췣
ǱѪ޷ͻƵԭ򣬲ʵһͻƣɣԲбѪ޶ͻƵ
ɱ
ͨһ㣬Ҷſֽţ߱ǹѭʹܿ콫ѪƵˣ˿˿Ƶ֮ؼ伤ţܲ
ûѪǣƣ߳һҶͷͨ۷޷͹
ͨˮұˮľ磬ÿһˮĪܹա
ˮܵ磬Ҷ֮ศɣãһʱ佫ͷѪ޴ýڽڰˣֻм֮ûл֮ˡ
ͷѪ޶Ҷ֮൱ɵԼ٣ȫơ
Ѿͨ۷壬ֻ벽ȴһֱѹԼʵͻƣΪ֮ǰвѪ޶ǲаһı˷ɻңѪʯû
ѪܵĽѵףζͻƣֻлҷһ;
ۣ
ҶԼ̥ϣչ࣬һȭȭâ֮ƿͷѪ޵ķڣѪĽ
񱩵֮ƻͷѪ޵ݻ
໺𡭡
ͷѪ޳׷ˣǳһĸĺ⣡
͡
ƿһܼѪſֲɷҶ
ˮܣ
޿ɱܣϳһƬˮĻԼҶڡ
顭
ܼѪײˮϣ͡һ̯ѪۣˮҲھҵĲţʱпܱ
ɫҰףƴ۵ش߶άˮܲ
飡
ˮܹˣۿҪ֧Ųסɫ䣬һѪҡҡ׹Ϊ̡
ۿ˶ҪƬѪ֮УҶԼע뵽ˮУɫˮ˲ɫһ֮·Сһ㽻֯ˮϣѵˮٴ޸ˡ
˵Ҳĵķǳ죬ҶоάˮܣԼսһĻҪ
ɼѪͷѪǿıһˣֻҪȥͷѪ޾ǵ֮
ܼѪȻܴ󣬵־ãܿʧˣҶ˳ȥˮһͷѪ޾ȻѪطȥ
ߣ
Ҷչ׷ǲسɴ磬գۼͷѪޣһȭŴȥ
飡
һȭҶȭ⣬߱ǹһеȭƶΰ֮ȭͷϣֱӽѪ޵Դ˰ߣ
໡
Ѫ޲ҽһյɳȥʮԶײһƬľصڵϡ
Ȼﵽ֮ͨκ޻඼жֻ֫Ҫ˼ͱԴˡ
Ȼ
Ҷ֮ǰһȭѾݻٵľ
˿̣ܵҶĹ֮궼ȼ˴룬һϢ
ͨ۷ıѪ޲ѪʯӦƷʸðɣ֪һöѪʯֵܵϼöͨڱѪ޲Ѫʯ
ҶһѾһϢıѪȥ׼ȡѪʯ
ţ
ʱ
ͻȻӦһǿϢڿٽɵһ
ΪϢЩϤĸо
㣿
ܿ죬˸˹һ۱㿴Ҷ
֮ǰǱڷսôҲû뵽ȻҶ
Ҷģ㻹Ҹ׻еܵܵ
۾ʱˣһ״Ҷ˹˫ּһâɫĹһҶȥ
ΧסǣҪһ
ɫ
ʶ飬Ҳ֪۱Ŀֲֻ֮Ҫｫ˻ɱ֪ºֻҪ˵ʬѪ֮оˣû֪ġ
ৡ
ʮѱ˲佫Ҷ˰Χһɱ




1419 У
ѪΧԭݲǧŽֲҲ
ڣѪظľ֣һƬľУѪ޳ס
ȻˣЩǵĲɱѪ޵Ҳ𽥼٣ǲͻƵǷչҪԭ
Ҷ˱Χм䣬ֲѾƴһս׼
һѾͨˣټһͨڵʮͨڵǿߣֱǾɱ
аڵĻ̴̨ӳ죬߲һɱЩ˿ɱڣֻܿԼˡ
Ҷģû뵽Ҳн죡
ҧгݣĸ׺͵ܵܶҶУ޲óҶ⣬ҶѪҶƤҶĽ
ȭǴӺѧ˵ҿԸһʹ죬ܣ
Цһһ֣һöѪ˸ѪʯӱѪ޵бȡ
Ҫսսϻ˵
һҶסǣߣǵĿ㣬ô
ҰģҪҲҪһߣҲֲεˣҶȻܾ飬϶
СˣôôɵֻҪˣǲôģ˭߲ˣ
ĪһůԹ̾һʲôʲôԭΪѪظɭܲ˼ôɵҵˣû뵽ջˡ
ʥŮ֪ǿ󣬵ǽ˭Ҳ߲ˣѪؾǵ֮ɫǾ۱壬Һڻӣ
һˣ
Ƿʲôֱ£ʣʵڲ겻һж֪ˣ
һ뺷Ųͷ˵ţһҶץȥָƼâƣ˲צ״ҪҶһͷԡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ˱˵ͨ۷ѪޣȴΪ֣Ҷǿʵ
飡
Ҷһ˸ϽɫĹâһ֮ߣݺݵĳ˵ϣ
ۣ
˵Դ˲䱻ҶһƳ鱬ˣѪŰɫԽĽͷʬǻһɶߵѪŹһԵڵϣһغ궼ûӳ
ɱ
龰˶ʱ󾪣ԼԼ鱦Ҷ˹ͬʱչֳԼͨ
䣡
һʱ䣬ǹ֣ˮ̴ܼӵ浶ɢŸ£ľӡնԪ
ſˮܣ߰˴սһݺᣬգۼ㽫Ƭطɽʯľм׷ɡ
ԪͨһԲʮɻΪһƬ𺣣ҵĸ½ضյըѿ

ľӡСɽСɢſֲѹѹ¡
齿߳һͨӵ£һСϪһ˼սš
ͬʱҶҲˡ
ĮһԿţδ֣ɫư
ҪӦ̥֮⣬ҶҪ߰˴սһ㣬಻ݣǿᵽ˼㣬չ¼ٵ׷ǲ֮䣬ÿһȭѪ֡
ôǿ󣿡
Ҷսļѱˣ
ǵͨҶЧͨһ㶼ûãҶɱ˸ֲһӱɱˣ
ͨɣ
һ£춼ˣѾκͨҶûЧ֮ͨ߾ͻԶɢ·˿һ㡣
һͨЧΪҶʲôҲֻԪصͨ
κ֮ͨ߾ͻ²ѩһɢѾرͨͬˡ
ΨһĿܾǣҶǷͨ
һּƫŵͨκιԣȴκͨ
ӵзͨսκͨʹã似õĹֶΡ
ҪͨԻ̥
ߺϼ뵽սУһȭҶȥ񱩵·ܴһ硣
ȭ
ͬȭҷǳտѾȭһǳĸ߶ȣҶҪǿ
䣡
һ죬Ҷջɳȥصˤڵϣʹ̣·ʧһ㣬Զ
ɱ㣡
˫Ĺâ·ǴӾĵظдһ
ৣ
âһԼ壬˫ֱĳͬ쵶һҶնȥ
ҪģһĽҶɱôʹȥ

ֹĶ˫ӥһ㶢Ҷϣһһٵ˵ңǴѧȭֻҪ˵ˣһһʹ죬ʡǻ
˵ôʲôȴֱѻǸ򵥣һĿȻһ
Ѫ߰ߣҸһѪܵĴ󶴣ǸղűҶһȭģҶѾ޵˼㡣
⣬һҪõҲҶУܲŭ
飡
ͬʱҲɳҶ߲Զɫɷף˫գѪ߰ߣȺؿڣ˿ڣѪⷴҡ
㡭
Ҷɫһ䣬Ϊű˳ģΪԼĻô˱
ɲǼ䣬Ҷӿɱ⣬вȵļ󣬿ѹƵľƺͻƵļ
˵˵˵ĻҾȰɱʹھһӣ˵

ҶһɱǶ
Īʧķ˲ɣһ뺷Ц
ôزʵ벻㻹ʲô̵ϣʵʵ˵ǴӺδѧȭһῼǸһʹ죬򡭡Цв
УܾôһҪ꣬սܣ
ѹŶôԹͳޡ
⣬ǳǿսܵĻǲսһͷ۵콨
ǵĻҲˣϣ㲻ҪȻѧҵĲ֮أҲԵֻҪ˵¸˭ѧģҾ͸ʹ죬ģ˵
ЦţҶѭѭյ˵
ҶһСطͨ˶ѣʲôʣȴѧϰҵĲ֮أпܵľõԼĹùãӳҵϵĴڡ
ܹͨҵ˶ʮϣԼ˵ĹףʱԼ̳峤֮λǰ϶ˣκ˶ܸġ
ðɣҸ㡣
ҶһЭӣ˵֮ǰҪȷ黹ûԸԱҲǵõκϢ
ģûֻҪ˵ˣ̱Ըһʹ죡
첻ܷ飬Լһ޴вݻɽǲġ
УҪȷ֮Ż˵Ҷҡͷ
ðɣߣھͿȷһ¡Ϊ˵õҶӺδѧȭòʱЭ
һ˿ĹâֻҪҶ˵ô׵Ҷȥ




1420 ͳͳҪ
Ҷװѵӣһߣһɨ֪ȷܵشްҪˣƶ񻯡
ৣ
âһҶʹռ䣬սռУίϴΪչˣ󻺻վ
ǽҲûãҲҪοɭȻ
ǹ˼ԼδĻֽҶɱˣᱣսܣΪ׺͵ܱܵ
Ǻǡ
ҶЦˣЦ÷ǳģһ㶣֪ΪηЦ
һͻоһ˿ȴ֪ﲻԣ˵죬ϻˣǲ׼˵ˣǶְɣ
ĺ㣬˾£ȻЦóһҸӹĽܳ˺εط̵
ҵȻЦó
ҶЦݣɨһۣƽ˵ΪǶҪ

ҽЦЦ
׷Ƿ׷׿ЦΪҶڳ˵Σɵˡ
ҲǺЦʵ벻Ҷʲô̵ϣղŵһȭȷѾҶˡ
ҶһɵҲʩչ
οҶֻͨڶѣ磬̫ˣûκλϣ
Ϊ˴Ҷе֪ĻͲ˸Ҷϻ
Цô
ҶƱǣ˲ͻƴͨڣȵҪ
¡¡~
Ļ£Ƭ׺ͻȻ֣һ񱩵췣һӽ﷽Բ֮ûˡ
ˮ١١ٵȵȽһҶĵطһƬ׺
໺𡭡
˻Ҳ⵽˳֮꣬һӱ˸ӡ
ͷѪ޳˽صչ˵Ķգۼ㱻ûڣһϢˡ
Ҷģúݣ
ͨڵı뺷ű׸ǣ֮㱻ûð̡
ƫƫֱӶԿ٣ĻȻԼ٣˫ٽ£Ǳɡ
ۣ
һ˱ǣ걻˲ĥҽжûһ㳹׳Ϊ˽ٻҡ
Ҷ׺֮У񱩵Ľ׸κβеoһ㡣
Ҹƴˣ
Ҷٽһ˻ҶȥȻȴһȭֱӽˡ
һѪɫѪʯ֣Ҷֱս˿ռ֮С
û뵽ЩоȻѪʯǰˣ
Ҷֱȥ˿ں˺һ鱦٣׺ȥ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲɲǼ康עǡ
Щë
ôֲĽףǶҪ鱦ֿҶȴûκεֿɿֲٹȴһҲûС
ҶֻҪŹǣԺһ鷳
ˣҲֻˣȻܹԴȥô׷ߣδޣȫȥټȥһ鱦٣ǵĩҲ͵ˡ
ϾҶֲ̫ͻƵͨڵʱҲû˿ֲ٣
ûлش
¡¡
һٴɽ룬̺ſֲƻҶٵĵ㣬ٱǿ
ģǲ̫ˣղŵǣǺεȵţ
Ҷһ仰˶ƿˣ֮ǰڽŽҶ꣬ô뵽̶һ˲䣬ǵĵλ˸ת˱
޾׵磬âûأѾǵһ׵٣һƬ׺
ʲôˣеһٵǰԵĴһɽͷ飬ǳױ˷ɻҡ
ƬضûˣĿһƬ۵׹⣬Զ޶֮ززˣԼܵ
֮Ƶؼ䣬ǾԶܸܵҪ˵жɽٵˡ
ؼһƬããģԶһϢĸоս귢

ʱһ˺ѷεĲҽд٣ΪһƬٻң״ϳˡ
쵰
һ̣׷ǶԭΪʤȯգû뵽գۼȴǿ˴Ц
Ǵ˵еٰǹͿֲϲԵ־һЩ֮⣬ûܿס
䣡
ױҲ֪ɽɭûɽܣâ죬ÿһռ䶼׽٣˵˼㡣
Ҳ
Ľ͸׺Ļصһɱ١
ʮѱſٵǰСûκη
ǱƲѵֶΣҶҲ붯ֶΣѾûбİ취ʮͨǿߵΧͨڵͨڼµֻܳ²ߡ
һɱ֣Ψжɽ٣˶пֻܻܶõ۱ˡ
ɱɢȻǿ󣬵ȴֻʩչһΣܱ֤һֻ
ȻҶûκζȴЩֲסˣ鱦һƣܿҪˡ
ھǲԶǿߺһĶƶƣֿ٣ۿҲҪŲסˡ
һһֽ
ҶɲǼˣܹٵıȻʥǿ߼Ľ򲻿ܵסôֲ١
̫ʹˣǽѣ
Ҷ׺еoһ㣬Ǵһ˿˿Цһǰƽ
ʱ׺ģǿ񱩵Դأ޾ĵâǳȥģһ߶ǿɽ纣
Ҫ쵰
һ̣ǺڵĳӶˣ֪ĽֱӽҶɱͺˡ

˴УеĽ񱩵ĽˣٸͲܿģÿһѪⶼˡ
꣡
ۡ
¶ɫ۾֣׹ඥͷ­ըڷ
һƬ׽£ֱӽ𣬳ΪٻңʲôҲûʣ¡
ĵطҶַöѪʯҲ˽У
ֵˣ
еˣҶ˿ûκӲȥ
ߵΪǸ߲Բﶼ޾׺Щ˼ܹٵķΧҲҪɽ٣á
ڽ֮УֻҪԿͻԼ٣˫׽£ʥǿҲҪ̣οǡ
㡭
ҶڣͳͳɫĪ־塣
鱦ҲѺۣҪֲסˣȥȴɡ
ΪΪʲô
У
ĸ׺͵ܵܶҶУ˿̷ǵΪǱԼҲҪѱˣе޴Ŀ־塣
ۣ
Ҷļ飬һһƽƵӳ콾δͷ­бɳȥ
꣡
Ҷһָһâֱӽͷ­üĶˣͷ­ըɢ곹ױ˷ɻҡ
飡
ͷʬ廹ûüѪͱâ˽̿ͷ­һһƬٻҡ





1421 Ľѵ

ĴУȴûðڽҶ֣Ǵ߶鱦Զݡ
ˣˣ
˿̵Ҷֱһսʤսֲ׽٣סҶȴûһ
ϣҪɱ𣿡
ۿߣҶԥһʵ
ȻһЩĸף˶ˡԤϵĻպ϶нʱʲôҲ˵׼ɱ벻ɱԼɡ̾˿
˵
ҶסпֲɱǿԼȥ죬ұ֤Լ᲻ڽг֣ɱڴˡ
Ȼˣ׷ǣЩĽܳһ©ȫҶĨɱ׺֮С
䣡
Ƴ㣬ÿһռ䶼ǵâؽڣ޾â׺
ٻûйȥԽԽˣԽĿ£ããһƬûоͷ
ܶʥصʥҪεٽϵĹᴩҶı壬һһĺۼʹ֮
Ҫʹ췣ͱҪȾܵסٵĿ飬һжͽ͵ģ
УҶֵõ˼öѪʯѾ칻ˡ
ʱҶſɵӡġһһĺۼԵø
ܿ죬㷢ѾӵٵıԵе鱦Ҳˡ
ৣ
ּһ鱦;ڷǳƣǷƷҲǳǿ󣬾ȻֵܹԽԽǿ١
Ҫӳ죬ˣͻôͨڵһܹɱ㣡
û뵽Ҷһ·ΪԼƾɱġ
¡¡׺ţȴҶ
֪
Ҷüͷһ壬ԭһ˿ѪԵ֮飬һ·첻֪ôȻɱ
ͬʱҶͻȻһ뵽ΪЩ˵ĹǣϱضһЩѪʯ
Ȼ㲻֪ôҾ͸һĽѵ
Ҷ˾
Ϊ˹׵㣬Ϊ˶һݣ˼Ѫϵһ棬ҲҪĽѵͬʱϵѪʯöѪʯǴɱıѪȡġ
ৣ
Ҷٶ˫ܿ׷Ӷе죬ŵ
ΪܵҶٵĲ٣
Ѫʯ㲻վļգ
Ҷ˵죬һˣվסˡ
ৣ
û˵ֱӽеѪʯȫóҶȥͬʱǿſҪ罹ľʹԶȥ
յѪʯҶûΪ죬ȥ
ֿܹ٣ҲҪ޷Ĵۣ
ѵһ
һΣҿĸ׺ѪԵķϣû㣬𣬵ûһˣ
ĿԶȥҶɱ⣬רĶԿԼ١
ʱȻϣ߲ʲʺ׽£ֱûˣҶ֮һƬѤãĿ
߲ʵĽ׷·ԳһС磬ҶΧм䣬ӳյ߲һ㣬峺ɼ
Ҷ׺ģʼĴǵ꣬ȫٵϴͿ飬һɱ䡣
ſһ׹һӣȫУĹáŧѪӳյһƬͨ
䣡
׶죬ޱ޼ʣģУһ״壬췣꣡
ɵӡڷ仯һ֮ڣɵӡġĺۼԵø첻
ⷽӡûжùȻΪһɱﵣר˵ѹκ似ֶζЧ
飡
Ҷٴα׻ˣѪ˸ű⣬ͷֳϽɫǳأѹա
һƬ֫УҶȴûȥھһḶ֮́ǰѾξԲԼ䡣
Һ꣬ȻǲһأеĻ̫ǿˣòضԴ
ʱգҲٲܴˣ¾ͨ۷壬ǿ߶δܶʲôش˺
ž
һͷ׺УÿһⶼڲѵţѪء
ѪҺ͹϶ӡٵӡǺĺۼһ̥ǰĸı
ʿ˵ԵģǶҶ˵ȴһѵõĻ
¡
ȻޱȣҶ飬ɢžӨı⣬üĳһ׾Ĵӡ磬·һһ㡣
ҶıԴɵٵϴ֮Խ
ৣ
âһҶ̥󣬺һ١
ʱҶͻȻһ󣬻ʮѨе̥ӰʵˣÿӰ޾׹⣬ڽ׳ɳ
ǣ
ҶȵŴɣЩ̥ӰȻ̥޷ȣÿһ̥Ӱ̺ſֲ˵ܹ־ս״սʱ
һٸ̥Ӱܹһ̥Ҳ൱ڱȱ˶̥Ƕô޴ƣ
أҶ̥ɵӡ֮γһѭ׽֮Уϵš
ٳʱֱһʧҶԲɣվɵӡٿȻûüģ̥Ҳʧˡ
𣡡
Ҷһɽ𶯣ȥΧĿģɽͷɷɻңΪƽء
ʱҶıɢžӨĹâ곹ױ˽ɫѪҺͽ⡢Ͻɫʵһ¥
ৣ
Ҷӿռóһ·ϣһռС
ϵչ£鰲ȻԾڻ֮УٸûиŵƬռ䡣
ŪȥɣϾҪˣ
飬ռһ֪Ͷһݰȫ
Ȼ϶ĸоҲϾ۱ջ̫󣬶۱ǡǡûд۱֮Ĳޣ
Ҷͷ鱧߳ռ䣬עһ֮ʼ޸˵ľ̥

ĸоڻзһ̵ĵԸеĺ촽΢΢ſĽëš
ڣ˹ԼҶĻУɵһ㶣뵽֮ǰվæܿȥ
Ȼ
һƬǽ壬ʯսĺۼﻹа˵Ӱӣ
أ
Ժе飬ʶҶѯʵ
Ѿˣ㲻Ҫ˵Ҫˣ
ҶᱧԶȥͬʱղŷһм˵һ顣
ʲôͻˣɽˣȫˣ
СųOܹͣһ㽶
Ѿ޽֣ˣټʮͨڵţûз̵ϣ
Ȼ
־֮УҶܹ̣˶ɱˣֱݣ




1422 ɫǿ
ҶɽٵĵطĿģȻѾû˳Ŀ٣ȻʺΪˡ
ҾѪؽĵطгɷ˼䲻ҶҪһɽˮĵطΪˡ
ܿ죬ҵһطԶղŶɽٵƬɽˮ㣬ԪҲطŨһЩ
һϪˮԣһ֦ҶïΪһƬ񣬿ʣĿ
һʯţСҶеطʯϣ˺ǰ·鿴˿ڵ

һ˺ѵ麦ߵı۾˫ոֳźΣ
ؿкü˿ڣЩɼǣеڹ˸ΪЩڹһֱлָ
׵˫̺ĶĿΡΡģ̲סԳ
ҶһʳŲϹŶЩӣԵĽûá
ңҲûŮ˵ĳ֪˿һЩϵĳ嶯ͱ仯
~
һҶǿѹе˫ֲŷģ˵˫ϣԼڵĴ֮Ϊˡ
ȻϺܿţȴһܱصŮˣС󣬾ԼٴǰһԶշ壬ȴҶУжʱһĸо˵һʲôĸоȴļ¡
Ҷķ¿ߣһ糺ɫɢŵŮ㡣
ҶҲڼѵĿԼΪ֮壬һ˸ǿңȴһֱڿԼ
Ŵ֮ãǰ˿ڹ⣬Щڹ˿һֱϣƻ
~
һյȲ֮Щ˿еڹⱻɢڿУҶһ˲ͷϵĺˮ鷭ת
ܴأǰм˿֮⣬Ҳ˿ڣݺύȥ˴Ŀġ
Ҷûкķ̫ʱ䣬֮߹ڹƳʱ˿ˡ
ڴ֮İ£Щ˿Ȭ֮󣬸Ͳκεİ̺ۣ
ϰ˿ڴˣҶҲһεľأΪϣСλҲм˿ڣҪ볹ͱҪȥ
˿̣ɫ죬ؽգ۾ƺˮȻ·סҪλֲŸˡ
ҶоԼĵһаĳٳѪӲ
ı仯ˣȴֲܼȣԼ˹˵Ļʱڿ϶޷ԭ
ѾȥˣȻ֪ܷɹԼٻҲòһ콫ҵĴԼ˻Σա
㣬Ϊ˸ˣˣ뵽Ҷҧҧ˵
ţ
΢ɲӦһо඼ҪĳˣԴһѣΡ
е߳ܵǣΪҶղŵһӸҶϵ֮Ȼ˸о
ΪˣҶȻ֪ʲôζʱˣΪ˾ˣҲôˡ
ҽ߸ĸģռɫɫǿա
ҶĬ߰ĶðQԼϵ·ȥ¶޳Ĵȡ
һ˿ڴĿģҶָ˿ϣ֮룬ơ
أϵ˿Ѿȫˣֻ廹ЩҪƬָ̲ܻ
˿̣ҶѾˮ͸ˣ·մˮ̳һ㣬ͷˮڡ
Ҷ
Ľһɳƶ·һǣ˲佫ҶԸɲȼˡ
ҶԺкһ£ʱһƬհףʶ鱧һƬ촽һ𣬷·סһ˫ϵš
Ҷַ£ܿӦˣ㰵£߾һ𣬴֮֮䲻ϵء
꣡
Ҷϵ·Ҳ˺ˣɢϢı徧Өйÿһ缡ⶼűըԵ
̹ԶԣǰצһһǸɲһ
~
һ̣ۿ˾Ҫļ浶ǹʱ߶Ȼһ޵
ͻ޺һĽˮϣʱ˿ٴ״̬ѹ
ৣ
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ıһżĶֳ̣ɫȥ쳣ˣ

չֳ뺷һ棬ʱѾ·ȻЩãܹ˵ڸסˡ
˿̣ۺɷйâһһԶˮ̣һâͷ״Ϭţ޿񹥹ȥ
ҶԴߣˮ£̲ס룺ѵ޴Ϻջ
ûд𰸣Ҷעǰϡ
ƳʺϸǿȵĴսһʲôʧĻȡ

뵽ҶҲˣ׵ǹһΣһǹâϬţ޵۾ȥ
бؾȣҶһֱ㽫ͷ޵ȫעԼߡ
꣡
ͷϬţ޵ĶͻȻһâƥҶȥͬʱϵĶҲһ⣬鹥ȥ
һͷͨڵޣʵǳǿѾȻֻһС磬ȴˣ϶޷ӳʲôЧĹ
ҶҲͨڣȴûˣҪʵȽҶɱԸ飬ĥҲܽĥ
䣡
Ҷչ߱ǹͽâײһ׵ǹͷų֮âˡ
׵ǹһֱӽϬţ޵Ŷˣض˵ϡ
໺𡭡
Ϭţ۵ľҵţȴ޴彫ڵĲˡ
飡
Ҷһ׵ǹֱӽԴˣһö޺˹µµڵϣ걻ֱ֮ɱˡ
Ǹ㡭㲻Ϊղźܷŵɣ
Ҷ޺֮½ǣͷͨ죬εʵ
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ҶװͿղ˴ʶΪһҵĸо˿Ȼɱޣ¾޿ܡ
ʶ࣡
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ţ
Ҷͷϣǰ˱ѯʵ׼
ƾۻ굤Ҫʲôˣʵ
һҵŮˡ
Ҷ̾˿Ժиֳϲɵһ㱡

ҶĻҶǻ㱵ģ͵һǱһֻ޴סһ㣬ԴϢԭ˵˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ܸ˵˵֮Ĺ𣿡
ܿԼʵ
˽ҶĹȥ
Ϊ˾ң˴ɢ꣬˻ˡ
Ҷ̾˿ѡ˾ʵ棬˵֮Ĺ¡
ȻˣڵгһƬ֮أҲ߳ĵط
һŮ
̾˿һѹڲöʣ˵ʲôѾˡ

Ҷ̧ͷ죬Ĭ
ȻѰĸףĶԴȪ
ŬŬˣԼĿ껹Զ
һȫ㣬ңһɹģ
һοҶģֻʹ̲ס֣ḧҶա
һ̣欵ˮ




1423 һսķ
˷ȥ
Ҷ˲ûѪظ̫ã΢ָһ֮ȥˡ
볤ʱ䵢ȥҵһǿߡ
Ȼһۣһ˲òָԤСʻ괬һյĻǾ鷳ˡ
ЩҶҲɱ˲ٱѪޣöѪʯϴϴģѾԶԶʮöӦܹõٹ׵ˡ
Ҷ뿪󲻾ãҵļǿ߸ϵѪء
˻~
ԭдеѪظĿģʯأսľͷðŨԼһʬۣǿߵһ
ˣЩ˶ˡ
ʮſȫ׽٣ڷ
û뵽Ȼڹؼʱͻˣ˿ֲ٣
ǰĿĵ龰˺һЩǿĪȻȫɵˡ
ֲ٣˵һţһǿߣǿ˶޲ߡ
ˡˣ
һµ˫⣬ض죬ʵΪʲôûɱ㣿ֲֿ٣ɱĻ練ơ
Ҳ֪
ҲɻˣҶ֮ĶԹ˵ҶôҲӦ÷
һ˵ҶҲԲŹ
ô˵Ǻ£
ҹµǿ߼ʵʲʲôҲˡ
һҲۣ˵ҲƫһݵСѣѾԪˣûıҪˡ
˲鿴ƬɷĵطͬʱԶҲڵš
ƬٸǵȰҲȫչ˵ҲûҪЩ˲鿴˵龰
˵ˣֹҲûãܲɸǿ߳ڴ˵ذɣñ֪ġ
Ҷ̫ˣȻܹһطɱĺһɽ١
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ǰһƬǽ壬ܶ˶ھֶ̾Ƕÿ£ɽٹɣƵ֣˽ԹС
Ѫһսʵ̫ԶȨܿһƬ׺âҫۣܶʿȥˡ
ڵ죬Ҷطɱٽҵ֮Ůһȫɱ飬ǲ˳һ㣬Ѹٴ˳ȥ
ȵõϢıѪǵʿ
ѪǾʵ̫ˣǧʿ˵ɱܹϹȥһ̽
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һһĴŮҶСӹȻĺȻ˿ûϧ֮ģ˵׾ˡ
ʲôŮ·ֻҪ˫ǵжԹϵҲҪִݻԵʴȾǶԼ̣
ΪҶƽΪʲôĺ֮ؼҺѾǲݵĽ֣֮սлʲôϧ֮ġ
һ˶սʮӢܣлҽܳţҲ̫ˣţ
˳ֻ̬ȣҲѹ֣ҶͻͨڣٵĻʱ龰ΣǱ֮֡
ʲôܣģ棬ºרȥ龰ʮţҵ֮Ůһ⣬Ψ˳ȥҲ㱻
սȺӢֶɱе֣ͬҶľʲôͷ
ѪǵĴСκһݾжۣÿ˶̸¡
Ϣһʱ򣬺ܶ˶ţ̫ˡ
Ȼǿµɱ֣ǵǿֻҲǱɣתɱ֣ȻҶȴˣܲ뻳ɡ
ļѪظٳţڶʿҶɽٵڳûѰ֤
һĲк˶˽ˡ
˷˱Ҷɱ˺Ľкʱ˵Χۺ;̾
Ƕôǿ٣
ˣ¾ǿˣҲҪ̣
ﻹʬۣʮţһȫˣɶǼʥӵŰ
˶סˣƵĴأƽɽĿģľ޲ɫ
Ҷ٣Ϊ׵Ҹӹŵ콾һ򾡣ֻһƴӳºܿ㴫˶Ҳ֪ˣһ
һս˶һļסҶ֣
һȻˡ
˸򴫳оԶĵ忪ˣһ٣Ҷûʲô񱳾úܶĿࡣ
ɵƯ
ϲõϢ֮˫˷ܵĹâһֱԺԺѹһͷȻʲôдǰһǡ
СӼֱǸ¶ܷ̣ɵеĵˣ
𶯣һƬȻ
ѪһսҶڶֶߣܶʥغϴڡ嶼֪֡
ʵϣڴ֮ǰҶǾšҶݾ¥ң˸ͷ
ǸʱҶһʥ̥Сʿѣǵķۣ¼Ҳûжϡ
Ȼ
Ѫһսȴúܶͷһʶ
ͬʱ˶ܺ棬ҶΪʲô죿
³׵ô
Բǣ
Ǻܶ˵Ŀ
ϾҶҵȭڴҵۣҶŹ죬ҲԲᷭҶ
ÿһС綼Ҫһǿ٣ǹ֮Ҳ˰ɣ
ѵе·۵ʸ𣿡
ҶΪλԣ˸Ҷĳɳٶȡ
ҶһһǰÿһߵøʵѾӺ׷ˣ
ڵѾͨڣͺܶʥʥӲˡ
Ȼ
ʵսӿ£ԺλľͽҲ˴˳ҶͨڵʱܹԽ׻ͻƵͨڵѾͻƵͨˣʵսﵽ˶ôֲĳ̶ȣ
һͻƵͨڣ۷壬ҲʥĶ֣˵Ĳ²⡣
Ҷһͷޣ׷ʥغ͵塢ϴڵĴˣԽԽƵЩΨͻƵ߾С
մȥǸҶܿսһɫĵ崫ˣͬ޵У
ܶжϣ




1424 
ҶѰ
ǺܶҶ˵ȻǲúҶйʲôȻԸһ
ҪˣôϢ֪Ǿǿʲô̶ˣһҲã˿ˡ
һȷһ£ָᷢʲôأ
Ҳͳ磬ͳȨַҲֻܺƽ
Ҷ޶Թϸ񱣳δհԶߣۣκθϲ
ȻһҶǲ֪ˡ
Ѿ˽ѪǵĴ̨صԺ
ԺеĵȻȫǸʥصʥӺ͵ǿˣܹԵϵģһЩž޵š
ѪһսסˣҶصԺ󲻾ãԺд󲿷ֵҲ֪Ի͵ս˾η
һЩǰĵԾԾԣҪս֤ԼǿҶȴûиЩκλᡣ
صԺ֮ҶһѪʯϽרŹ׵ĸԺ˳㽫һЩ޵ʬҲһ˹׵㣬һӻ˰׵㡣
ȻҪһݵĻҪʮ׵ŹҶ׼һЩѶȲʱס
ﻹм׵㣬ȫˣͲҪٳȥˡ
˵ţԼλӮõĹ׵ȫҶ׵㡣
òô࣬ҹ׵ôֻܴҪ͹ˣ
Ҷֻ׵㣬ʣµֻ飬Ƿ̫ծеʱծǺѻġ
ʮ׵㣬ҶԸԳĻһݣսռС
ʱռѾвƾۻ굤ĲˣЩǲҪϡ
ЩϾṩĵеĲϻԶֻвʮ֮һӡ
һݣҶûֱӻԼĶȥ
ÿĲĽ£ȥʲô֮Ҳá
ѧԺʿɽˮ࣬磬ıչѾûʲô̫ˡ
ǸոͻƣҪչȹ̾磬Ҫأһʿһʱ֮߶һ
ɽˮ֮شζȿ޵ЧҪãһǺܴĻԵ
ԣԺǷǳɢģû˶شȥƴԵֻǸһĻѣܳɳʲôزȫ˵ʺԡ
ûȥǻԼĶȥˣ֮ǰȻأǾҶ֮󣬻ѾȬˡ
ҶڵһЩ֮Ҫ׳ġ
ңڵ֪Ҷ֮ĺ־ˡ
̶̺ܸߵ飬ϵĴǳ֪ҶǱޣܻ֤֮ܿ·
޷βĸ֮㽫ҶŮ֮תΪ˽֮顣
ѧԺеС·ϣʱҶͷ⣬ҶҲĻûκư֮ɫ
λԺģʽ׾ȫͭɣȥƻֺꡣ
Ǵ죬Ҳϼεƣ΢һЩܹоһɾںƵ
Ҷ˳棬뷢԰ףƶ۵ڴ·һ㣬ûκ
֪Ҷٽһ߲΢΢۾ʾ
Ժݵ϶УҶĳɼܹĵڼ೤ʱ䣬ϸ
Ҷߣߵüļһ⣬һһĿȻ
Ĳ㣬죡
еϣ߽Ҷĳһƣ㲻˵ˣְָֻ״̬С
Ҷû˿·ųʥ֮С
һҶоһɹɾӵԼе֪˶ٱҺ̬
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ĲͬˮȷʥеʥأֻܹΪ벻ѡ
ϵĽݣ˶ɢܣҶ˸طתʼ
תһ·һСһ㱻Ҷսڣھһ֮󣬹ڵ
УҶ֣ʮѨ˵֮⣬ѨҲһ˿
֮ȻҲԣȻǵԵ磬Ѿǳˡ
֮ɢˮֹ˵ľ
ؼʵǴ֮Ҷڱӵд֮ĹУҶڵĴ֮Ҳڲϵš
ϴҶÿһ缡ÿһϸ̺ſֲҪ˲֪٣Ҳӵľ
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽ľ硣
ʱˮţ
һתۣʱѵҶһصѣӴڱƮƮ˵ϡ
죬Ҷջܴ󣬲ȹͨڵľ磬ʵҲˡ
֮ҶֱӻصԼĶڶǰʯͷϾĿǰﻨ㣬ݺɣСϪˮȡ
˵ϣΨʵҪģҪԼκԸȾҪȥҪúõػȥ
һȻҶٴαչˣУڳҶʹռ䣬ԼĶûˡ
ҶŶ̱֮ر˶ţռ
֪˶ãϻˣϸԺҪռȻռܹʱ䣬ϾʵĴ磬ﵽ֮ͨҪġشĺۼռûеġ
⣬ռкܶҩҩҩȻ棬ɢݳǱҶ̫Ļ»ӰҩЧ
Ҷ˵һϢ
Ϊ˱֤Щƾۻ굤ĲʧҶÿһЩϵּ˷ӡй

Ҷͬʱҡ
ҶС֣۸Ĵۣ
֪ҲڷԴǰһڣȥδȫˣδһƬ
һۣһ˲ò̳˶ûˣϷĹƨظʲô
ԴӡкܶܶҵţҶУ׷ˣƹأ




1425 Ҫ
ʱˮ´Ҵңһת۴ȥˡ
ڼ䣬Ҷ˺ܶսߡЩΪǲͨ似ܴ
սջСΪҲﵽͨڼ£ͻͨѾԶˡ
УҶҲѧԺеϽʦǽе͸򣬴ܴ
ЩԺϽʦǶԼĶ⣬κʿ˵Щ鶼ġ
˵Ҷ൱ʵȻÿȡʯ࣬ؼԪѾǳӯϵʵ˺ܴ
ҶʵǲԾġ
ս˹ͬĿ
ǶҶľߣȴһذҶС
УʯҰǶʵҲ˳Ľ
ǺˣλһսʶԼĲ㣬κ˶ӿ̶̴̿࣬꣬Ѿ̥ǰı仯ˣҳϴһʯ
һͲϿϡǺˡĸˡҶ뿪ЦشȤ
ǺԺһҲΪܣΪ٣һմմϲ
ˡ
Ҷһһ⡣
ԺӾʱ䣬Ժĸ߲ȴڽŵæµıš
ΪǺ͵ԺǿַһеϹżΪϹɸ
һ䶯һʱĴ£һ֪ȻһŽһԺ͵ԺҲ赲
ԣһֱԺ͵ԺΪ߻ܣϽй
ͬʱҲܵ׼ţ׼ռɸеԴͻԵȻǲܵġ
෽̣˫໥ЭǲʮӣƬϹɸȥ̽أѰҸԵĻԵ
Ϊ˫ĵƬżдԺ͵ԺǲһִϴӣԺҲһͬ棬ԼѧԺĵӵİȫ
ԺǱչ˼ҵѡǿʮӣԺȥɸż̽ء
ԺȫãΪԺͷΧʤ̭ΪǿĵӣȻռõŶԴ
ѡ˵ʱ򣬸ԺϺӥһΪҶʸλʮ֮С
ȻҲûȥսԼԴͶõĵӣȴ֪ҶԸĻɱǰʮǷַӵ顣
ɸżһȫûб̽磬֪ʲôΣգ֮ʮȥ̽ҲΪǵİȫ룬ʵԽǿˣΣյʱϣԽǲɡ
ͬʱҲҪǵӵǱ
ʵǱѡ˵ı׼
ѡԺȷʮ
һ죬ҶոսչؾͽӵһϢ̵Ժİ칫ȥϣҪ
ӵϢҶҵʰһ£ڶǰһ̶ϴ˸裬ڿеĹڷȥ
ͬʱҶּϤӰҲ˹ǰĮ̇״
ҶֵܣҲˣ
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ҶһһӦ֣˻治٣ͷۣĿ࣬ڷ磬һĺ
ˣѾȫΪӾ
ӵд֮˵侪ڼϷ·֮е˾ƣҰ֮ƵʯҰռһ롣
ʣµлһ֪Ϊʵǿ
ҶҲ죬ֹһεļǣȻ鲻˴֮仹Ϥ
Ҷǵͷ⣬Ҳ͵Ļû˿ư֮ɫ
ôûѵûнӵ֪ͨ𣿡Ҷѯʵ
ǰ뿪ѧԺˣ˵Ǿ۱˵£Ҫȥε顣
һܽ˵ͬһĵӣ˵Ķ־ܽʲô£һ㶼ǵһ֪ġ
ԭ
ҶͷʵѧԺĻܽӲ֪ͨ
һʮ˱߱ĵžʮĻԺİ칫ǰ
ûţ칫ҵűϢԼˣԺϺһ̫ʦϣһ࣬ûƽʱּթͽʽЦݣ˸оյĲѰƺʲôش鷢ˡ
ڸԺԱߣִӥҲһϣͦñֱ·ڵϵıǹһ㣬һ޵ǿϢ
ԺãϺã
ʮһݣؾصվãϹʺãʵʵվһţȴԸ
֪Ժ֮ǵԲûģЩ˵Ϊ
ϢĳĬԺϺӥ˭Ҳû˵ôĬĬؿǣ·ҪϿһÿ˶ëȻڡ
ټһҪҪǺȥɡ
ΣԺϺ˵ˣɸż˵һ飬Ժ֮ЭҲǡ
ҵҪ󲻶࣬̽ɸżʱҪľǡܳԿԺЩƵĻֻҪУҺݺݵȺ쵰
Ϻ꼸ҧź˵ⷬҶ
ԺǶԹŻ˵һ
Ժĵһѱ֮ǲȥѾոˣǵͷϣǾԲԷ
ϺϹ˵Ȼ͵ԺھϵϾϣδֻҪǲֵ̫Ļ̣ʵڹֵĻᣬҸǶţ
ӥһ˵˵ĻȴȸԺϺݣҶֱˡ
Ҫϸܣ׼˿й¶ȡȥɸżʸ񣡡
Ժɨһۣ˵ǾϢһڶȥ׼ɣ
˰칫ңҶһ𱻰˼ͨķУ˭Ҳû˯ɸż顣
Ҷӣ˵𣿡
ʯҰԼĴʯҶѯʵ
û˭Ҳ֪Ҳû˼ҲĳˣôʼûӰأ
ɲԻ˼䣬Ϲ䣬ɴڹҲ˵ֻûˡ
Դǰش䣬˵ǳˣ쳣ѣ׼ѾսˣҪ˵ʲôˣǴ۲ܽӴ򡣡
ʯҰʻ˵ۣܶ˶ǷɷԼĿΪɣҲֻд۲ܽӴǾ뻹̫ңԶ
˵ľǰ֤ľۣش䣬Ѿʺ֤ػУӲǴ֤ɵˣҲԽĿп˵
Ļܶ˵Ĺ۵ȷһ˲Ĵۣ֤Ļ֤ˣս֮ǿ˶޴Ӳȣ
ܶ˶ϾܹսλڸԶ֤Ĵۣ֤ͬҪսҲͬǴ֮սǿ֮һ
Ϊ۲ûһҵ˳ɵİ취ɵɽˣ֮û³֣Ϊɷɽ֮Ͳٻˡ
˵⻰侪ǶǵĴˣȻϣȥˡ




1426 ɸż
˵ۣҶԴһЩչʷҲ˸̵ʶ
ֵۣ干ǿߣΪ˾޴͹ףÿһ۶ǵС
̸˺ŨһֱĵҹʱֲŸɢȥ
ڶһ磬Ҷ˱ڸԺӥɳϵĴ£ѧԺеĴ̨âһնȥ
׳λͶ֮䣬һبĹųǣֽѷụ̂ųг˹еĽ֮⣬ֻпĴɿݵӲݺ٣Եøưܡ
ৣ
׹һѿҶ˴׹ֻʳҰŵǱӴܡ
ɸż
ڿǰһ֮󣬺ܶ˶ɵˣʵ̫ưˣɸôǰ˸Ӵš
Ȼǣɸż֮УûȷԶ޷롣
Ĺųеһ
˵ţԺӥ˴ųǵȥ
ԶҶ㿴һưܲĹǽڰ߲̮ˣϽҲѿҰںɪɪ
򲻱Ͷϲڵʱڣغ䣬
߽ˣҶŷƺСʵҲܴ൱ںüһֻһţŹ׾߲ȴû໵һ˿˿Ǽ˷ӡġ
ǰʯϣԺѾڴǿߵĴǵһĿɫơ
ΪһֺЦеߺȻǵԺĸԺϹ֣һǿߣʵϿҲѾˣʵɲ⡣
½Ϲ֣ǿ˰
ԺĸԺϹƤЦⲻЦӭ´Ҷһۣ޵ԺǿһӶ˰ɣ
ǲԺĵӶѣǴ棬ȲõԺֻյ崫˺ʥӣԺ
ϺȻƺȵӣʵÿ仰ﶼйͷ̣ûнɸżͷı㰵нһ
ôôû
ԺǿҲӭĿӥɡ
㶼ûôأҪҲ
ӥɺ˸ռͿٶԹ˼Уۻңȴûʲôָ֮ˡ
ߣһȺѣʲôʸһɸżԺĵ൱ƺԽС
Ҳѹ֣ǱǵʥءϴڵĴˣԺĵӴûı
һȺľҷѣûǱƨǣ
ԺеӲʾһѪҪõԺĵǸλ󶯣һŭ塣
ô˵ˣ׳ŭˣ붯֣Ƕһԣ
ԺҲ崫ˣ侪˶ǣټ˾ǶвоԶĴ崫ˣǡ
Ժűʵ˵ûмҪ
Ժ˵ʲôıΨʵҪģԺǵĴˣʵˣòκεչˣʹʹԺĵӼһƴʵ൱ǿ
Ȼ
Ҳ˵ԺͲԺԺյԴԶԺ࣬ǵĵӴСµĸͺι̣˵ʵǱԺǿһЩġ
ˣ
ұ죡
Ժ͵ԺĸԺͬʱڣֹԺ棬ɫ˵ɸżΣķǱУռҪ֣ɺͳ
һżĴսѹˣԺǵԺ˶֪ҪǾϺǲܵģصܸı֮ĵ⡣
ҲԺ͵ԺĵӶ뵽ղŵսˣҶû˵ȻĻ϶֣ڮûκ塣
ԺҲս΢üͷûвУȻҲͨ⣬ֱӶֽǣϻ
⻹иһԭԺǵԺľӢӣδ
Ҫˣ֮ǲˣһȻƬصĿȨʱؽһҵĴսûܶ
ҪɸżҪУԺĸԺִϷ³ɼ֣ͬϵķӡ⿪
֪֨˶Ĺڱˣڶģ߷·һɭֲ
žžžž
λԺͷλִϵԺ͵ԺĶʮ߽֮С
ǰһƬڣΨλԺΧһСֿռ䣬ҲֻŲĻڿյĴԵø졣
ﵽɸżڤظż
ܶ˶ֹȴûһ˵»ᷢʲô顣
濴Ȼܴ󣬵ĿռӦò̫󣬵һ˽һʱһͭǰ
ͭϹ⻪㣬˷ӡŵֱ۰㳤İۡ
λԺһۣһأóһǽľĳ״СͰȡ
꣡
ͬʱǶڰУͭŻˣһƬĿĹâŷ
ǡ
˶źľ󾪴ˣǾȻһ磬ģһɺϢƺƬת
֮ǰĴ۹âʵϾͨĹ߶ѣֻʵ̫ڰˣէһӴߣܶ˵۾ӦŸоЩۡ
ɸż𣿡
ܶ˶ͬһ㣬ЩţɸżһɽȣһжһƬƴ磬Ĵͬ
ģ̿ϴûһ˿ʣ·һ޴ʯһ

һ˴ҵĿ⣬ֻһֻ˶ľնһʱ侹Ȼס̫ڴͶһƬӰ
˻
˺ȻǶһֻ񰡣ֱһƬӹһǵء
ﻹһֻ
ĿʯҰۼ⣬ָԶ˵
ָķȥֲֻһֻкüֻľ񣬲ȻҶǸղſĲһ֮࣬Ҳһࡣ
䣡
ԶضɽҡһеɽֱӳʣƵޱߵɷ
ɽɣ
һֱɵˣ˵ˣô󻹴ûɽܹԼеģһƺ߸ǰ֪
ǲɽ룬һԺϹɫصĽ͵
ʵͣҲѾˣڡɽ롱ͷС̫һ۾⣬콣ա
Ҳ֪˯˶ϸǣ˴
ϸ죬͸ղŵͷչ˼ս۷׷ɣƮ䣬ѪһЩ£ɱޱȡ
޵磬Կ֮Ҳʤ̭ǳпᡣ
޵磬ǿʳΨһķҪøãͱҪ㹻ǿС
Ҳޡ֮ĲڣȻ޾ңǵַɻǿߡ
Źһᣬٶһƣ޺ʵдգ



1427 
ɸżֱһƬƴ磬˺ǰϢޡ
޵ڣڵޣ嶼ǻ޵ĺᣬ޳Ƿӡ̫֮ǰʯУҲ͸˵ģû뵽ﾹȻлģ𾪡
Զľ߿գɽԭʼɽΡ룬׳ڲϢһźǰķò
⡭ֱһƬ簡
ɸ˾жôֶΣѵµһƬ粻ɣ
ԺǵԺĵӶˣС͵ĿռǼЩأ֮ôƴɸȴȫǵ
ݵ֮ڶŶһԾԾԵӣɸ磬ȻкܶĻԵڣֻɱһЩҲǾ޴ջ
ǰĻ޻ǱѪҺǲĲϣѪͽǾ͸˵ˣЩ޻вڵ
໡
ɽд޺޵ɱɽȣϵƶ䶼ɢˣһ콣ɨʡ
ǧСģһƬδ̽ɸ磬ȻкܴĻҲźܶΣգûʮֵİգмǲɺҵɱ޺ͻޡǲ׶Ը
Ժ͵ԺϺ긱Ժͬʱˡ
ܱô룬ҶλϺĻΪȻƬɸǺǰµģ֮ϢĻ޿϶ô׶Ըġ
һƬǰɸ磬Ȼо䣬дµĹ似ȴҲΣҲ˵ܹȫǵİȫ̽ʱһҪСĽӥɺ͵ԺҲصĶ
ɡ
һȺɽһʰ쵵ӰնԶһɽۻ飬ĴצץһͷǰľϬţɻأһϡ
һ޴񳲣ʮɣռƬ£ȫԽľɣ˸ŽɫĹâһƮɢ
һֻзڵľͣ棬׳ޱȣɢʵĹâ֮
˿̣˺צµĺǰϬţƤ⣬Ѫ죬лͷ׳໴ǿϢ
ǴѱȾ˰ɫ͸Ѫ˴̱ǵѪζЩˡ
һַ񣬾˵з˵ѪһѪȫ±ܹһɱΪɻˡ
ԺĸԺʶ㣬˽˺ܶйغǰ޺޵֪ʶ
ַʵѾֻһЩˣѪ赭ĿԺԲˣû뵽ɸоȻܿ
һͷݣȻʥص̫ϳҲƵߣǣ
˵Цݣʵеĺȴ໿ļݣͨ˲ϵʳС֮Ƶġ
ۡ
Ҷ̲סЦݵĺᾹȻǼҲ̫ˡ
ϸ뻹ǣ֮⣬ͺ϶ͼž˵֮û׼ݵĺᡣ
ݵ֮Ծطֿˡ
ÿ˵˲ͬԵҲͲͬʶʱ򣬲ǰС
ÿ˶صѰԼĻԵ򲻵ѣһ㲻ԭסͻΪ̫ˣĴԭס
Ҷ¼٣򲻹ûģ⴦߹ʯҰҲѰԼĻԵȥˣҲһλԺִҲȥѰһԵ
˵޲£ѰһЩܹıҩʹµϢ
һƬɸ磬Ҷ˱ܹԸой֮۵Ϣֹһǵĵζ
Ҷͣھ¸˫ϽɫĹâžµʯϣ·Ҫ֮һ
֮פ㣬ΪʯڱѪ۸ǵĵطƺеȻǰµĶ
ϸ֮£ҶȻھϷһЩ̺ۣȻܹϣֱѪ۸һ֣Ȼģɼ͸
һ
ܾȣʯϿһȱĽиڴأһЩ˲ĸȻңȴҲܸ޾ϡ
ȻˣҪ͸ֽǲܵģ򽣾Ͳˡ
񳲵סһ֣
ҶЩźľɵ񳲸£Ӵںܶͷˣ±Ѫۺܶ࣬Ƿʳʱġ
ƬżлɣҶ
ҶԶͣ˺ܾãһʯĺ棬֡
ܿ죬Ҷȵ˻ᣬ뿪ˣѾιԼСȥĵطʳˡ
ҶӽƬ£ϸĦʯϵĿ̺ۣһǿߵּǣһЩŷһЩ
ӡ
±ڰѪζ˱ǣâƣͷ񾯾ԺܸߣС
Ҷûᣬȷǿ첻κвģʯϵĿ̺סˣǰʱµᣬ˵οֵ
ȱ£ûôģרζЩһƬ飬жơ

ֻ֮ͺᣬſһƬ̺ſֲԪһϽ㵽һԡ
Ȼֻ˲һķԼɾ鷳ˡ
ûж룬۲һЩۿĿ̺ۡ
һأѧԺ¶޷֮ȣܺȵֻ֮ؾˣ
Ҷиĵ뷨֮ؾеػǳƣһаɣԺǵԩͷˡ
û̫ͣãΪʱЩֱ̺ۣ뿪ˣɲ뱻
ɵһɽ£ҶĬĬȡЩΪУ̺£ҲǱ˵Ķֻ򣬲Լġ

ףǰ񳲣ڹǶޣǻҲ˵ȥ˵Բһͷ񣬴ȥѱ
ǡת˻
˷оâ䣬ϷڣǶģϷǶǵԺĵӣΪǿÿһ˶ԼĴ档
ڵԺĹϵʱһСŶӣΣյʱ֧
п̺ۣǽȻǿڴأ
Ҳ˿̺ۣ¶ɫǰȥۿÿһ˶רע
ɸżһ϶һµĵ伮ǰһиջ񡣡
˶ڼ䣬ӡЩ̺ۣҪȥϸ
ֻ׳ǿץһֻ׸ѧԺѧԺȻǾ޴ĺôҾҲǴһ顣
ѪķʵѾˣŪһͷȥѱɹǾ޴ջ񣡡˸͵
ףǳǿ󣬶Ҫܳʱ䣬һ͵̵ĻȻǿҵıʱǿɾˣ˷ԡ
ֲ֪͵ģֻҪСĵ㣬Ӧû£
̫ϡˣֵȥðգ̶֮׼֣ͻȻһХʵĹâգˡ
Ⱥ׳գ
ԶҶһĻ̲סüԼˡ




1428 ɽӴӡ
ãӣȫˣ
Ժĵŵɫұ䣬æ֮ززƨ׷ɱһɥ֮Ȯһ㣬̻̲ա
֪
ҶڲԶɽϿһУԵԺĵûʲôøУȻȣǸۻܱ
׷ɱԼѣԺĵӣԸ¶ԼҲעΪǷֵһЩ¼٣Ӳ
ȷ׷ԶˣҶתߣѾȫˣûҪðա
𡭡
һХɽ֣һȺ㶼
ţ
Ҷ𾪣ѾԶƬ￪⣬һɽһͷɫİ׻·ɵһ㣬߰ɳɢſµϢ
׻еۿɼµĴɽˡ
񻢣ڵǿ࿹⣡
Ҷľϸ֮£Ȼһͷ˳ǧĺ֣Ѫǿ󣬹վµѹ÷Բʮ޶˵ϣ
ԿȴȴûѡΣԱǺ֣ûԸǡ
𣡡
ſѪڣһâһɽϵһ̶Уʱһͷɳн

һ̶ʱɵ̶ˮһ˫С۾âأһǲǵޡ
ôǿ󣿡
ҶľͷԹֻҪǿ̫ˣѪҲֻǲδѡѡ
Ȼ
ԾǣͷɫſһʮｫͷһӾнǰһȥ

ͣһӽ̶ˮһ̵˴̶ˮ
⡭̫ǿˣƾڵǿ˶£˭˭˵
ҶȻߣֺ֣ɲԸȥǣ
һƬǰ磬þ޺ͻޣܶ඼ǷǳǿģԺǿ߶ֵܴúȥ
Ƭ֮Ҷһɽˣͺͺģݲдζת
һ壬ɽ嶼ϵʣྻɢĹâ
˵غܰޣ·һһ㣬˵ִתĵطӦͨػǡ
òͷ񻢵Ϣذɣ
Ҷߵǰٽʹһ̻Ųٹ֡
ֹʧˣָĻԲʶ
ذ
Ҷѣһ߾۷ǿ˵ģһλ׼ģǳأһ
Ҷжϸ򣬺ܿõеľ裬һַǳµĹ˵䱾ԴС
ɽӴӡ
ǵһ֣ɽغ֣ǵۣĺۼ
ҶʶܿʹúӡʶʹľӡǶͨԪص۶ɵĹֶΡ
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ǰһþ裬뻯ΪԼĶҪʱС
໺𡭡
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ȻҲˣͷ񻢵ϢأҶһתߣ׷ǲʩչգۼʧӰ
ͷ񻢲̣ϸոճԱû׷Ҷƾȥˡ
ҶһɽϣĬĬûģ£ҪʹûҪȥ
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úҶͷ뿪ˣٴλصǴ壬ٴĹĦָȥģֿ̺۵ĵϡ
䣡
ҶģǣЩַ·һ㣬һɲϢĺɽӴӡӡõˣľ裬ղõĲͽͰˡ
ৣ
ӡʧƮ䣬ֻһƬհף·ȥһ㣬ɽӴӡʧ·ûдڹһ㡣ĵҲʧˡ
Ҷи⼤ֵõһܹͨƱ˵֮ͨ⣬κιûУҪһЩڶսʱǻоЩ׽⡣
ɱɢֵȷǿ̫ˣҲĳˣǱľѧ򲻵ѣᶯá
ȭҲǿĿǰʩչҲȭѣ߱ǹǷǳȥôһ似ᱻƽģܰϣ翵⡣
ӡǣϣ
Ҷ뿪ˣһɽϸ˫ֻһѲĺۼɳһ޺ۼȻ
һ׾ԴĴӡ˫֮䣬ŵۣ·־һ㣬ɽϲУӱڣȻ΢뷽֮䣬ȴСм
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Ƭɸżһʲôڣѵǿ߽ɣΪһɽǲĺۼ
Ҷʼ˼⴦ɸżת˺СһƬѣ͵õôĻԵ֪жôҪ½ƾԺ͵ԺԲ˽
һ֮أ
Ҷͷ޾ıأȴҲкܴգвпڴˡ
ԺĸԺִϱҲûãǲÿζʱϵһ޷ʱϵȻΪΣն䡣
ڴʱͻȻƺ޾ɱһ㣬Х鱦ײĶġ
һĹʧˣ·ûгֹһ֡
ϣղʲô𣿡ҶԼǻˣ֤һ¡
˷ޡ޵ĺ֮⣬ʲôҲûа
϶ҶĪȴҲĻش֪Ҷκûġ
ѵԼĻɣ
Ҷţйξ飬ڽþܹ֮һЩ飬ȻûȴԿܾǰ顣
壬Ȼдɽɽܹ¼һЩģȻֻɺϣżȻԵģһЩҲǺģֻҪЩȴҪԵ

ȻһƬɸżԺ͵ԺȻҪ̣̫ˣ
ǰʲôôռˣ
ɸż˵ģҲҪȥ
Ҷ˽ɸżãɸżй¶ˣסˣ׷׷Ժ͵ԺʾͬʱԼĵӺǿ׼ɸż
ɵӣѧԺеĳϺݽʦȥǣܷκ⣡
ԺϺȥɸżԺϲòԺˣ֪̱֮ǲ˴ӺѧԺϽʦɸżĵԵ
һʱ䣬Ĵӿɸż




1429 ɱ
ۣ
һâʯһӻ£üĳһָһָѪ飬˫úܴĿ
һߣһΰڷ߳˦һ㣬һ£ϵʬ廯Ϊҽһ紵ʲôҲûʣ¡
վʯǰصĳ似һĨʯϿ̺ۻʯ䣬һжˡ

ԶһĻΪҵĲɱһȺԾѪƣʬһ߾ߣֻ˳Ŷȫ
𡭡
һһͷʮɵĻһڱ㽫ǿ̽˸УΪѪʳ
䲻Զһҩھϣ·ԣЩҪðյҩػҩĻ޲ڷ
ʱзѾǸǳΪ˳̬ƬɸżΣգпµޣרɱ˵ǿʿΪһƬѪ֮ء
Ҷ˺ܶ¼ֵĻ޺޳ûһ򣬶ʿɱΪɲ
֮ܶ䶼ǲģźܶ˽˶Թ֮ĳޣԴӽɸż֮սʱʱıԺ͵ԺҲ޷ֹֻԺ͵Ժ뵽֮У˭ҪǵԺ͵Ժĵӣɸż֮󣬱ؽҸˡ
Ȼˣ滹һǰᣬǾԺߵԺĵӲ˳֣Ը
ԼԺ͵ԺĵӲܸȫһЩԺ͵ԺҲǲ˴ĵӣݵĳϺͽʦӣɸżѰһԵ
ĵӸ࣬Щǿߣӽʥǿ߶С
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߰ǿߴʲôҲû˵ֱӳ֣Щ˶ͨ۷ʵڵǿߡ

ҽ˱߹ϵˣȴ˲ɱ٣һ𣬰˳Ϊ촷ۣѪֱӱˡ
һڵǿ֣߳չһУһȭߵļʿҲˣ֫ϱ׹Ҳ̶á
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˵أ޺ͺֵĻޣиĵرȣȫֵǣѾ֣κδϤƽ
⣬żֵľڡŶȣһЩȱĴУֵɹҲӰ
ҶһײԵԶ˺ܶµĺֵĻޣֱԶԶܿ档
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ø
ҶԭҪˣǿһĻ֮ͣˣѪܺʯҰ״̬жһʱ䣬
֣ɱ
ЩѾﻢ£ǺŻⲻĳޣ˿̳˲סԺϺӥˣΧɱʯҰҪȴû뵽ʯҰȻڵսѪ
ҹζ࣬˷׷׳֣ͨչ浶գľӡգǹֺ˸һʯҰȥ
䣡
ʯҰֶʯһ˵ԴֱҵϡãѪ罦ϸߣҲǹֶ˶ദӶˣһҲںһֻֽĳȥս
׺ĳ̶𾪣ͬʱ˻ɱľģηĶ֣һߣ˵Ǿ޴Ǿ鷢
ȥ
Щ˴ţٴι֪ҵѾǿ֮ĩŲ˶ˣԮ֮ǰҪ
䣡
ڴʱһ޴ĺɫƴͷ֣ҶĶݺݵȥ
ۣ
ĸ˱棬ıĳ⽴ضĳһ޴ӡ
ӡΪģѺɢһ㣬ʣµļŵò̱ڵϣɫҶ
˭Щȣ׳ơ
ɱǵˣ
Ҷ˽䣬ڷңɽ




1430 ɱ
ճɱ
ɽʬһһߣѪȾ˲ݵأѪζŨͨڵǿʬ߰˾ߣд󲿷ʯҰɱġ
ֵʬ鲼Ѫǿ޶ԶԶرܿˣһƬ֮أսĻȫݲеĲˡ
սҶеԾǲ֪ʯҰǿ侪սȻ·磬ȴԲһڿټҲûţʯҰһõӡ
һϣɱǣ
Щ˲ȡһµж㿴ҶȴҲʱ
ۣ
Ҷһ֣һȭ߰˼鱦ȫ飬صĻһϡ

˲ҽһֱӸˣڰյʱͻȻըѪ֮꣬ʣµ˾Ŀɿڴ
ϡﻩ
Щ鱦Ƭڵϣ˸žӨĹһͲǷƷҶȭȴûзӳӦеá
ɱ
ڳļ˿ͷԣʯҰ͹ֲˣû뵽·ɱǿ鱦ͽֱ飬ʲô˵
ۣ
ϧҶٶ̫ˣͲΧ˵ģٳǰһˣһȥ
ЩֻѪ罦һƬѪ׷ɵľսˣӦûӦͱҶ׷ǲ嵽˽ǰһƽ
ɱ
ʣµ˴𣬳ۺˣݵһ˲䣬ǾʧǿߣܽʯҰɱĻξͿˡ
𣡡
չֳ̥֮һӳǿ̥ԣ˫צһҶɱͬʱչͨ
ЦΪҶôǿҲܿͨмʹãûչֳ̥ˡ
Ȼ
ϵǣҶûжֱӭȥӲצ
ϣ
һҶȭͷ˿˵צȴ۶ˣ۵ֱˡ
ಣ
ҶӰε׷ȥǹֽ֮һƽ˵Դ鱬ˣҲɱķǳס
˻⾿ʲôˣ
˵һֽɱʥֱֲ̫ˣﲻƣκ鱦ǰֻбķݣ⻹ô
ҶֵܣǶҪ
Ҷڣ·Ϊǽ
Ҷӣлˣ
󷽣ˡɺԵʯҰ֪ԼоˣҶڣȻܽЩȫɱϵԮҲˡ
ǡԺҶ
⼸˶ԺҲǳ˽⣬Ȼ֪Ҷ֡
ϾҶԺ˺ü漣ǿУ
ȷǰ˾Ҷ֮Щ˵ɫһ±øѿѾս˺ܾãĵĺأ˿̸ҶĶ֡
һҪɱǣǶҪù
ûһԺϲ֪ǶѧԺĵӳ֣۵ţһҪɱ
̫ǿҪͨ鱦ɱ
ӡɱ
ȷ֮󣬼˷ˣɱҶʯҰˣҲˣ粫һս
֮󣬼˹ͬǰһϣ˿ȼüķɳһССӡӭ籩ǣգӡž֣·һ㣬ɢ
ǿеľӡڼ˺ȼĴ߶£ⷽӡޣΧԪ龡ˣҶѹ
Ҳ֮䣡
Ҷ˫ֻһɰϢһɽԻ
ҶɽӴӡӡײȥ
ǵõ֮һʹãҪһж
䣡
һ죬ӡݺݵײһҶɽӴӡһˣɽ飬ΪǵԪɢڿУҲֹ˾ӡ
ӡʹòֵܵģھӡ֮£ٰӡ˲̵Цųˣġ
ӡʹǵռɱﵣӡһͨһûֵܵͨ۷壬ֻҲУھӡ£ֻбһ;
ҲҴ⣬ڿƾӡɱҶͬʱҲʩչͨˮ𵶣ṇ̀ԴԴҶ͹ȥ
Ȼ
𾪵һĻˣʲôͨڿҶ֮Զʧˣ·һ
⡭
Щ˵һô£Ǹ𾪣ͷҲ벻ҶȻǷͨκͨЧġ
ৣ
Ҷϸ߿գһƬ⣬ӲӡˣɽСľӡӲǱɷݴСƿУǿĨȥԭ˵ӡǡ
ۣ
ӡʿɫұ䣬һѪӡ޵鱦ӡǱĨ⵽ش
ˣˣ
Ҷɫ£ڷֳ־ӡɴʹãݺЩȥʱ˸

ĺˣû˲Ҷֳ־ӡ·һ˼һ㣬ʵ˶㣬׷׷ɱȥ
ۡ
ЩҶ¼ٵ׷ǲٶϱһأܿ챻Ҷ׷һӡȥֱӽҳѪ࣬߶ûüһ
þӡʹã⻹𣿡
ı̬ҲǵĻЩŵȶˣһӡ
֮вͨ۷ǿߣ˵ӦܹһʱģҶû֮ǰǱѾʯҰƴ˺һӣĵĲˣ˿̸ҶĶֻ֣ӣܲӵõ˵
ҪҶʯҰ˵Ҷ׷Źǣ
ۡۡۡ
ҶžӡĲӬһÿһȥȻѪĽѩ׵ĹͷӻѪɳ


ҽвʱֻҪӡУȻΪһѪ⽴ûа
£µͬȥҲһֵԼָоſֲǿ챻ŵ񾭴ˡ

һֻڴ˵еϻҶԭ磬һִ˵еޣλ֮ߣҲͺͷˡ䡢ȸ벢С
ԭҶΪԶڣȴôȷˣΪҲֻԣû
ӡһɫĴӡϣдĺۼϢ˫ʥǿߣǽľӡҶͶ᲻
ⲻǽ׵ǹһǷƷѣΪҶ
ⷽӡȻǷƷҲСȻСҲˡ
ҶӣһҲҪߣ
һʱʯҰָһЩں泶ɤӴ󺰡
ã
ҶҲûŹǣʯҰĻֻ֪Ҫӵһ¾Ǵ鷳ˣֱɱ֣ٽս




1431 ڶ
ûκҶ¼ǰûκһӵóȥȫҳѪ࣬ڷ
ӡȷǸ鱦Ʒڵ֮䣬˰ɣ
ҶɨսһѻЩ˵ʬȫյ֮飬ӡȻƷϻ㲻̵ĵƺΪ޸۱㹱ס
ã
ҶȻ᲻ͬ⣬ɽӴӡӡͲںⶫ
˵ˣѰҵɲģҲˣ޸۱
Ҷӣллң㣬ҿ¾Σˣ
ʯҰ߹Ѫ߰ߣͷѪˮһһ縵ģһͷ˵ıܣڡ
Լֵܣʲô
ҶʯҰļ۵죬㡣
ʱʯҰ˿ڣȻѪѾֹסˣ廹Ǻ˿ûôȬ
ʲôҲ˵ˣȸˣ
ҶʯҰ͵£óһ걦ҩֱˣ˿ڴԼձҩеľ
漴Ҷ˫ֵļ羮ѨϣȵĴ֮뵽ڣˡ
ﻷӣսܻܿὫǵʱ䲻࣬ҪʯҰָս
ʯҰƤȻأҶҲָĺܿ죬֮Ѫֹ˿ϣ̺۶û¡
ʯҰڵ岢ûеۣȴһսʵ׼ǿߣûд۵޵С
ȻһսѾˣһսûгɳʱʱڡ
ҲģԾ㹻ԼĲ壬Ҳӡ
ܿ죬ʯҰƾȶڿٸԭУҶڵĴ֮㲻˹ҲỺԼָ
˵ز˾ߣ
ոֹסƣʯҰվҶһصĵطȥҪԶƬǷ֮ء
ôᱻ˷أʲôˣ
һƬصİȫ֮أҶʯҰѯʵ˵ʯҰӦûŶԡ
ңŵˡ
ʯҰѰһصɽҶ˽ȥҶ˵
ɽһȻѷ죬渲٣ʯҰɽҰĻԲᷢ֡
ɽУʯҰҶϸ˵һԼϮľ
ԭҲ˷ֿˣҪԼѰһԵԼ˵ɸżкпдʱ
ȻˣⶼǷǳĶļٵҲֻ֪ǼģļأѧԺ⴦ɸżĻЩ˵ˡ
һңŵţ𣬱˴֮䶼ԷǿĴˡ
һΣңҲкܶˣңŵʥӲڸղЩ֮УǿɲԼʥգȺսʯҰɱڴˡ
ֻҪʯҰˣȻ˽ǣҲһڶ
û뵽·ɱҶʹǵļƻȫȫֱնɱһҲûܳȥû˽ǣԼ˽ˡ
ʯҰ˵⴦ɸżܿܺйأдҲֹһλѰҳɵûгɹ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ҶӣҲˣұҪǣһҪøԺ֪ңǣԲܾôˣ
һʱ䣬ʯҰ׻ָˣҶһȥѰԼǿߣ֪Ժǣ
һңԪˣӦòʲôˣǵ˶ˣǲ֪ûн߸ԺǣһٷˣҾͲȥˡ
Ҷ¼٣ʱԲںҪסϵǿߣзصĴ󣬷ס
ǺðɣһСģ
ʯҰҲīҶ뿪ʯ죬ֱһ·Զɶȥ
ҶҲ˳˸򣬼ֻ̽ҪܿЩǿĻ޺޾ͿˣȫӦò⡣
ɸżһƬƴ磬˺ǰϢеΣղ棬ҪûԵͱҪðա
ʿ׷׸ɸżеԽԽ࣬ÿ춼Ҳǿ䣬շǳš
ҶˣһֱûǰΪƬѾǿˣȥùͷ
պһЩ֣һϷһҩϵҩȻƾۻ굤ĲϣҲ㲻
Ѱҩ֮ǺܳʱûκջҶ⸽̤ˣ׼뿪Ƭʱһ۵İɽϷһ׾ʯһЩĵú͸ԼһЩ
ЩҶأЩĵãЩĵãߺܶ·
Ҷڴ˲˴գҪתȥʱһӽʯǰԶ
еģʮӣüĿڷȻ̸϶ôӢ˧ȴ൱һǿҵš
˫Ŀ磬ϬɨҶһۣ˿ûн󱳸˫ʯǰǳǿƺԸ
ȥҪڴ˱չأ
ƽû˿ɱȴһֲɵĸо·ڸλɱˣȻȻɵĿһеʡ
Ҷ΢΢üʶХ
ԺĶУХǿģ
ûҵĻ
ۿҶû뿪Х΢΢üżֲãǸоҶٲ뿪ҪҶÿ
ৣ
Ҷԭʹ뿪˿ۿХŰ裬Ҳûжŭֱ뿪ɵһɽϣ̽Ѱҹż
ȻдĵطôʣȻе۱½ϡ
úһЩʿƬɽ̽ܿͽӽХչصɽ塣
ХڴˣλУ
һХ˫֣ĿЩʿɨ˹ȥʮ
ʲôХ쳷
ôѵҪ˲ɣǾġ
Ǹǲ𣬻߰ɣ
첻˭棿Ժһǿ˭˵Ķ֣
Щ˴ǵԺĵӣʮ󶥼֮⣬ԺҲ˲ĵӽԵһԺһġ
֪ХԺһһֱڱչصѹһͷ֮⣬û˸˵Ķ֡
ĺһԲϣͬǵԺʦֵܣҲɱûԸһһʶ
ܿ죬ЩԺǱ㶼߹ˡ
úƬ֣ԪХһʯͷϣȻ붨ˡ
ԺŲСӣ
һĻҶ֪̾½̫ˣԼŬ




1432 սХ
պҶһ֮ϼεԪˮ˲ҽ˺üصıҩѾҩˣȻûб޻߻޳Ե
ҩҲֽıҩѾԳƵǰҩˣ޻ǻ޶ϲŨؾĶ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲʿǰȻҲĲҪһ
ǾãǧϼεпǰɸҵһЩĻʲôֵˡ
Хڴˣ뿪
׼̽һеʱһХҲѰطֱӳԸˡ
˵뿪Ǿ͵뿪ϼ˲ޣ˴һأХԡ
˵ˣϽ߰ɣǵԺһеĵڶǿߣʵҵǸҲһʵֲˣҪͻȰ
ಡ
ʱ˷ˣмû뿪оͰղ˵ˡ
˵Ļû𣿡
Х߿Įɡ
ƫȥܰô
һͨڵǿšŲӵ൱ޣɸżκ˽ԿɵХһҪ峡ߡ
꣡
Хȥ˫ۼâ·ش˵ؿڣֱӽҵôѪɳȥ
ٲߣǵİ
Х£һ˭ҲӣĿҶɨɨȥƵζŨ
ҶǳڽǰǸ˵ԺӶľ൱
ڵԺڶʥӺ͵ǿУХ֮⣬˭Ҳ£Ҫ˵Щĵˣûбڡ
ʣµļԥ˿ͬ龹ȻһûʹѪХȻֶû¸ƶ磬֪ԼҲòĶȥ
Ҷޱ飬֪ХԼԺȻ͵ԺǶԱ˴˼ĵʵ͹ϵǱȽ˽ġ
ʯҰ˵ХĹϵǳʵҲ൱ֲڵǿҲһġ
ҶһżХһͱ˵ӣƣҲЩջˡ
ҶҲǸϳԿȻ£ȴ£෴µġ
£Ҷ˵˫ֻһѲĵۣһɽӵĴӡС
ˣ
ҶֱӱɽӴӡХѹ£ûκμɵΧ˺ǳԾ
䣡
ХܿɽӴӡֱӽĵطײһ޿ӣɽһ󶶶
Ҷ԰ɣҳ֣ˣҪΪֵĵܵܳڶ
Х֪Ҷǰڹأȳ֣׷ҶҶĻԵ⼤ŭҶҪ豻ֵɽҶɱ
Ժ͵ԺĵϽ˽ֻܹܹһ˶ѣХȻ´أҲΪɱһҶ˹أе
ҲʱһֱûгֵԭΪΪɱһҶԼֵܷá
ȻڣҶȻ֣Ǿ͹ֲˣ
ɣ
ХһһȭҶȥҵȭâ̫Ҫҫֲۣǵأ˿ռ䡣

ХԵһȭҶû˿ţ˫һƣɽӴӡַɳӭ籩ǣ˲伷˿ռ䣬ݺݵХײȥ
䣡
ɽӴӡһֺ֮ǰܾ죬·ӳһһ㣬һӽХȭâɢˡ
ҶôͣȻԺХֱӶֱ֣ӱˣ°͵һء
Х¶֮ɫû뵽ⷽɽӴӡȻֵܵסԼһȭϽִȭŽɽӴӡɢڿС
ղŵһĻˣҶڣɽӴӡ뿪ʱ򣬲ٳȥֱӳȡԪ
һ˲䣬ɽӴӡչֳ⣬ɽøʵһɲϢӱڣ·һɽһ㡣
Ҷ˫ֻϢ֣һɽӴӡٴγ˫С
ߣ
ҶһȣеɽӴӡٴ˲Хѹ£˸·Ҫһ㡣
ϣ
ХӡһԪɵĳݺɽӴӡϣɽӴӡһģȴԾûɢ
ҿ
Хһ˫ӲɽӴӡ˺ˣԡڿ񱩵ԪУ·ħһ㡣
ˣ
Х˫ݲƣɫȴޱȵĮҶڿһǰⲽ
̫ˣȻХֱ֣ӡ̫ˣô϶ס
ʧܾõɽӴӡĵĻҶֱˣȻܹõһ
Աߵȫ죬̲סۣԶԶĶ˳ȥ¾˵սȥ
¹˭ֻһأ
Ҷ˿⣬¡¡죬һ㣬һɽӴӡгͣٴαȥݺݵХȥ
ɣ
ХһƱǣͨչһһնɽӴӡϣҪֱӽɽӴӡмʿһҶ
Ȼ
һΣɽӴӡ쳣ʵ·һʵɽһԪɵıֻһЩۼĽûʿ
ৣ
Хɫ䣬û뵽Ҷôһ˿ӲƴѾɽӴӡϸо˵ϵشĵ࿹
Ӳģ
ҶһɽӴӡˣֱһֱȥˣӵһء
ǵȻóɽӴӡ·һĴɽһǳأҶȴɳһֱԶҪôǿ
ͨڰ
ͨ۷弫Ҳûǿɣ
ͽⲫҲܽͬʿֱ˺ˣ˭ƥУ

Хˣѹű˴ξȻһԼСѹŴԿ
Хȫһȭ
䣡
ҵȭâɽӴӡײһ𣬱
ɽӴӡʧˣХħĳǰ˸âڷ˫ҵĹâ˲ұӡ
ҿܴ鼸
ҶݣɽӴӡһһĳУֱӱҳȥɽӴӡҶӡĿֹͣûܣֻǿݻ١
Хչѧ籼ڽӣйâһһ컭ꪣɽնӲĽһɽӡˣչֳǿÿһ缡ⶼ̺űըԵ
̫ǿˣ
ХǿԶɫ̫ǿͬ£˭˿ɵУ
ǿҾȫзɣսǿߣһ
ţɽӴӡһʵɽûʲôȻֱܹˣ֮ǰǵ͹
Ƕȫļ£ǿĳǵԤϡ
ҶǸе𾪣ֻͨڣܱƵХƴҲ١
Ȼ
𾪹𾪣ǿҶˣǸսʤХɣ




1433 ᣡ
ɸżеĳɽ룬һĻĴսճ̶һҲⲫвѪա
ҶһһԴĴɽÿһգһʵһ㣬Ϣˡ
֮ززˣ͵ĴսǲǣҲܲˣ⸽ûʲôǿĻޣΪ˵ս
Х޳࣬趯컭ʱȻսƵ磬ҷīѩǡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ

ɫĴѪâۣꪸ˹ΣʮɽӴӡҲĵĲ٣̥ҲЩԲˡ
ǣԭΪҶ֧Ųסĸɣû뵽һֱڣ϶ĺ¹ˣҶȴУɽ
ôܱһҪۺ񣿡
ХҶĸǲϳġ
ϣûʲôǲܵģ
Ҷ˫磬ХξǱҪԼģȻˣ׷Ź
˵䣬ҶٴɽӴӡһֱХѹȥ
֮ǰХ˵ʮɽӴӡٴηɻˣʮһײȥ
䣡
ХƵֱȼԼ컭ꪺնٴν߰˸ɽӴӡˡ
ۡ
Ȼ
һɽӴӡײˣһѪɫɷףɳȥʮɡ
ʲôХȻˣôܣ
Ҷ˼ֱ̫ǿˣ˿ֲսֱ˿־壡
Աߣ˶ԶݣҶĿһֻ˳ڿһһ˿־塣

ХһҲȥǵѪһ䣬÷ǳΣգ˫նеķ컭ꪷ·һצҶ˹
ҶٴνеɽӴӡХȥֲϢգ
ۣ
컭ֱнɽӴӡУ֮мʿˣ񱩵ϵ·ȫըˣ¶һļС
ƽ£
ХϽףԶеʧһ˫̰Ĺâ
ƽǷѵ鱦Ƽرףֻ۶ûҵ˵Ѿˡ
ƽֻƽµĽ˿֯ɣˮ𲻾壬˶֮⣬κͨ޷Դ˺
ƼҵѪӲ
Хɫз컭ֱȡҶʺҪһֱӻɱ
ʱҶԺͻȻϵһ仰
Ҷƶһ˿ĪĹʣƳЦϲХһ
˿ֲһҶ·ɵһȻûж㣬ҲûвȡκδʩɽӴӡʩչˡ
ˣҶˣХ֮
ƴڵԺеУ˶Щɵ֮⣬ֱǺߵģԺһƥеģ
ս˵ԺһЩӣ˿̼ҶˣQղХ˵ʱƨɷһͼеıʲô
ɣ
ХҲҶѱܹԼһɱˣʱûбܹĿԣɡ
Ȼ
ХΪȲʤȯʱ򣬱ʷˣ
ৣ
Ҷֱץס˷컭ꪾĵط˸һ޷ǰֺ
ʱϿžڣţһ㽫컭е˹ȥ޸۱
ˣ
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ô£
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컭ˣ
ԶУܶʿ˭Ҳ֪ʲôͿҶץס˷컭ꪵһΣ󲻾컭ꪾͱһѷĿɿڴ
㡭㻹ҷ컭ꪣ
Хˣ˷컭ϷǳȻ޷ʥ鱦ȣҲĶȥˣ쾹ȻҶУڵѪ
𣿡
ҶһȥȻһ޴ĺɫƣգʮԪȫչɫĹԽصĽХ档
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һ̣ҶɱУ
䣡
һ죬ضɽҡϳһ׵Ĵӣ˵ƷǳƣѺܲݺύĵطܵһͷţ
ԶһСɽֱӴмΪ룬ɽʯ£һƬ̣úԶ޶궯
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ХӿӵǱͷȫɢˣɫ԰ֽǲסѪѣ㱻Ҷһˡ
ХҶޱȣһ仰Ҳ˵תߣһսûа취ȥˣѾˣսȥɡ
㲻Ҫնûôף
Ҷйâһ׵ǹУһ죬һǹâХȥֱӶͷļͷ㽫ڵϡ
ХȻľҶϸӦǿҵɱ⣬ɣҶڴ˽ɱ
㲻Ҫ̫
Хǿʹóһöҩ£˼ϻָĴˡ
Ҿ̫ô
Ҷ벻ںԷɱˣʲôģֻҪܽɱ

ХվǱеһζ֣Ψһ鱦ˣٶ˵ĻʱпܱҶɱ
ΪһĴڣȷʵԶʤʥӣ׷ǲĲȻǲ˺ܶ࣬޷ѡ
ڣǶסˣѵ˵ХҪ˲ɣ
뵽һʱһɧ
ХǵԺʮеǿߣܶ˶ɱҪôǶ֣ҪôڵԺҶ֣û뵽ҶȻǲۣҪе
ҶԺԺ֮ĵǲ໥ɱģƻأ
ʱХ뵽Ժ֮϶µĹأҲ뵽˵ԺĸԺ˵ҪԺӾϺĶϽ˵˳
ߣ
Ҷһ뵽ѧԺĹˣʲôȥˣοȶҶɱΪһֱңԵҲ֪
Ҷ׵ǹٴʩչɽӴӡһɽӴӡХȥ
ʩչɽӴӡɱɢ֣ҶҲЩԲˣȻٺ嫣Ҳȥ˵ˣһԺϺ긱ԺԼҲý
Ϊˣһ




1434 Ҫң
ģ
ۿҶ˱ɱľģХҲƴˣʩչһֽԵһΪۣسɴ磬ɲǼԶݣʧʡ
ʲôȻ˿ֱֲľѧ
Ȼǿ󣬵ʩչʱȻҪ޴Ĵۣ
𾪣ȫ¶˼֮ɫХǿ֪һЩһǿ֮⣬ƬУһû˭ѹ
Ȼ
죬ȴҶֱӱе
ڹؼʱʩչһֽĻ˿Ѿһ߱ʬˡ
Ǻ䶯ԵģƬʿһƬȻԺĵˣҲǨŭǡ
Хӣ
Ҷ׷׷ǲʩչ£һʯдһ㣬ʱԷ̣ѾˣҲǾɱѻᣬŹ
ôٶȣ
˶һҶٶˣٶȣȷв֪˶ٱХҪһߡ
ХҪˣȥɣ
ã̫ˣˣ
ҶľȻûߣɺһ㣬ûֹĻˣ
˷ǳ𾪣ХǿидһܽͨڵʿˣͲܿġ
ȻһȴĶӣ˱׷ɱǸоλ֮һĲʵ
Ҷ׷ɱХһǰһɳɽӴӡǶʯһ㽫ХҵǱ
ɽӴӡײХϣ㽫ײˣƵòȼֿ
һ·ϣ˶Ŀ࣬ĵӺ͵ԺһЩӼһУХȻ׷ɱôǱֱ췽ҹ̷
Ƕ֪ХǳǿڵԺһУʵڵǿ죬컹Ҫǿ󣬶ȴ׷ɱ·ţʵ̫˼ˡ
Ǹ˭ӲͨڰȻХ׷ɱӣʲô
ĪҲĳǿˣǷӡĵӲɣ
һЩĵӶҶϤȻ˵֣ȴûмԲûϳ
ڵ壬ЩΪԼ룬ԼĵӰ쵽Լ֤ʶĽԼ÷ӡȵԼĵӰȫʧ֮ǳ֤Ļᡣ
Щ۵Ѫ֮ǿǴǿļ̳ߣʵԿѹͬ
ھһۣʧѾһˣĵѾȫɢӰѹ֤ˣǲŲ²Ҷ᲻ĳӷӡһˣôǿս
Ҷ
һԺĵӿһУһ۱ϳҶХɵóԾŴͣ
ԺĵӶ֪Ҷǿȴû뵽Ȼǿ󣬰ѵԺХ׷ɱ·ţۿҪˡ
ʲôҶ
ĵڵ֪Ҷ֮󣬶ʱһȻҶ˵ˡ
ڲǰ٣ҵķˡҸӹһ򾡣ȫΪ˽ٻңһս½
һûκСʿȻӵǵһ
ɱ
ҶݣҲȼٴһȼյĻһ㣬ˡ
ˣ
һɽӴӡؼԪոɾˣøʵٴХȥ
ۣ
ѪĽ֫ɽХ𣬰ӶҵѪģĵۿ֧
һԼҶ׷ɱɣƵǱܶˣֻΪ
Хе׷ɱˣȫתˣ˱׷ɱߡ
֪ԼҶ֣һ̱֣֮ͣͣҶƴһҵս
ϧң䲻ôȥûϣֻҪԼͻƵŰɱҶһֻһ򵥡
գۼ䣬һ׷һӣƬдǧڼХüαҶ壬ķѱԴ
ХˣһδεıɽӴӡײ壬һδεĺķѱԴԴݽˣٱŰɱεĻѾ޷ˣʱıˡ
ڼ䣬Ҷͷ赲Х˿ͻɢˣˣХҲĩյˡ
Ժ֮ĵӲɱǹ涨Ǵ˿̣ûȥʲô涨֮Ѿǲݵľ棬ҶһĶּȥ
ˣ˴˰ɣ
ԺһϽʦնһӣֱӽҶɽӴӡˣ˿񱩵ԪŰա
ৣ
ͬʱһ֣һƬ⽫ҶХ˸ˣֹ׷ɱХ
һλǿߣֱչԼ򣬲㽫Ҷ֮УҿҶӦ죬ٺ˲Ŷ˹ȥ
ԺԺһÿһӵ϶ӡǣϤΣպ̱Ԯ
󣬵㣬ԺҪң
ҶɨХһۣתߣǿߣһϣûС
ΨһеϧǣХһ٣ԺϽʦƬ̵ĻܽХɱˣʱǸҲѾˡ

ڻɱһͷǿĻޣһͷ̣ԺʵȻ
ϴеĲ̼ʮǿ͵βɺ̵ʱ򱻶˸ţȫû̼ʥ׵ܵܶʳˡ
պҶһ羰֥صʥһ·˺ܶй޺ͻǿ֮䷢ս顣
ܶûб̽ɽƵĺһ㣬˵ꡣ
ĵӲѰһԵһ˵޺ͻ̵⣬Դͱҩҩ
ʿޡ֮ĹϵʱýжһɴսǰϢ
໺𡭡
ԶһͷԵĻ޳ɣһеƶ䶼ɢˣſһâһȺǿֱ˿У˾Ѫʳ
ЩʿУڡڵǿߣǿĻǰͲ
ܶطʿ̽ԿʼˣܶѰʿʼ˷ɱ
ҲֻܹʿԼΪܶʿЩǿߣ뽵޻߻ޣǳΪԼ߳
ЩҪ͵һЩѪǿ޻߻޵̣СѱоƽһЩܡ
Ȼ޼ɵжǵЩ޺ͻչѪȵıܶǿޡ޷׷߳أҪɶȥ
һУҶ̫Ҳоһ˿ѰϢڵƺܱꡣ
ǰЩ޴ǶߣȴֻҪʿӰȻѡ
ȻˣʿҲǸǵģܶǿҲ˶ɥʿ
Ƭبų棬޺ͻ޵ãʿô˵ߣǿǰҲл޺޵Ķ֡
ڻԶԶûƬΧѡ
һ죬Ҷһϼ׵ĵطҩ֥·ܶС˲һɰ͵Ϣ
꣬ѵڴ𣿡
⴦ɽͷ߲ɣɽ˵ۣԪ뵣ƺеת
ţ
ʱҶͻȻоһɱɽۣмԶţɱ




1435 ޱ
Ҳ˵ʲô뿪ѾҵԺĵ̣˵ȲԺĵӣ
Ժ൱ţ˫ֶ˿ûнĺ˺ʯҰ˷
ҫ̫Եˣ˵ֵģƾʲôߣ˺ʯҰϽֳŭɫǲʣ
Ͳʲôʡ͵ĵƣһһٮٮߣҫһ취ҲûС
ҫǳХ֮⣬ԺǿһұѧԨԴйɽˮ鿴ֽѨֶΣսͲܿġ
ڶı򣬶ʢʯʯȻ٣ҲȫûУЩʯʯƤһʿͷֲˣΨһЩˣܷʯͨɽʯͷȵȣƶǸƶǸ
Щ˱ʦҰ⣬ʱ򻹻뵽صףȥѰһЩʯ
Ϊʯ̲صĶʱֵʯҪ߳ʵǿĵʦʦһǳأǵʥҲмӡ
ҫļǵʦ壬ѧԨԴԵޱǳ
ʯҰͺ˷⴦ط֮󣬻ûüɽ壬ҫһԺӡ
ҫһ˵ĻǻƴһƴڣͲܡ
ֻ·ߣһƴһսԺԼϣʹߡ
ʲô˲ģս𣡡˲ʵһ䡣
ҸϢʱ䣬̴ǰʧȻ֪ҲѪȾ˫֣
ҫɫ䵭Ƭɸ磬ɱ˸ʲôֻҪ֣û˻ܡ
̵ġ
˷ŭ̫ˣΪ˵ȴӣǴδй飬ѻ
嶯
ʯҰס˺ˣϸ֪ҫ֮Ĳ࣬ǿж֣϶ᱻеûҪðգ
ãáãǵԺţߣ
ҲǸɵӣ֪ڵĴԺ͵Ժ֮ͣ໥֮俴ۣԺ˵Ժĵ㣬Ժĵ˵Ժĵ棬໥ڮ١
汬ͻĻ϶һһսޱң֮ûҪںȥ
ţʲôţҶûڣȻһֻһ򵥣˺޺޵˵
˵ǸҶûˣһֻѹΪֱ𣡡
Ҷ׷ɱХǧ㽫еԺ͵Ժĵ֮䴫ˣ˴˵ĸԺִ϶֪ˣȴһֱҲҶû취¡
ҲûԺĵԳҪԺĵҲʾܿһΨ˻֪¡
˺ʯҰ˾ǷѰҶģ޳ҪˣܶʥغϴڵĳǶУǲҶΣա
ˣҵҪѹң
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ৣ
ҫʧɫӡһһɫӡײȥ
䣡
һ죬ɵֱӱɢˣһһɽ壬ʮݲеĲӡ
Ȼɫӡ赲һ££ҫһԺȫ˵ϣ
ಣ
ھӡ״ҫͷɢңϵ·Ҳãлһ㣬˵֮ͷҲصԶɶݡ
˵Ҷһʵֲ̫ˣɵס֮ͨڹؼʱ̶µĻǻ˵ˡ
ҫղŲǺôڿʼ֮ززˣ˺ܲںе
ģ㲻ûнҶӷ𣿲˵һֻ־ѹʲôѽʯҰҲղŵıһɨ⣬ЦĺǺ
ಣ
ʱ򣬿ӵ׵һԺĵҲ˳ƴٷӣҶҾ͵ؽɱΪԼ͸ôɡ
Ҷû׷͵ԺĹϵ̫пܳΪԺ͵Ժ֮ƴĵڻʱ
Ҷӣﲻ׷쵰̫ˣǴ򲻹һƺѾģޣԴӽɸֵԺ˼Ժĵӡ
̽ɸ磬ѰһԵģɱɱģֻҪǲǣûҪҪָ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһɽۣȻĵϣĵ׶ʱ
һĸо׽סţȴܸоͱ𴦲ͬ
طǲ׼ۣǴڴפǵĵϣ
ǲ²һȴûץסʲôص㣬ҲһЩջ񣬽ɽ۾ޡ
ⲻڸؼԪﵽ֮ͨѾ̫ҪˣֻҪܹؼԪͨ͸ȻǿΪ
ԶɽУ޳Ⱥ޶Уʱû⼸ռԾ˵ٶڼᣬʿ˶ѡ
͸սʱͬʱ޳˹ԣƺرӡ
ȻˣҲԭģʿĵԭЩʿ͵޻߻޵̣ܲǱ
߰ɣޱ쿪ʼˣҪڴ˵ء
ݸԺƲ⣬κппĻ֣ʥˡ
ǾѰģϺԺʱɸżȻ޵ıƽϢ֮ٽ
գ˳ҵԺӾۼĵطָԺ죬ڴ˳ɸżͨص׳ǣ
ķ˲֪ĹųǣٴһЩ˼ܶｨԼʱפء
Ժֿ죬ҲһĹڣȻưܣס˻ûģطҲ㹻
û飬ϽҪȥҲҪȸһϴк
ԺϺһأԺʧ˼ӣеǱ޻߻˺ѣʳеԵ֮Уʿˡ
ԺһԺʧͬСʧĻЩĵӣ͵޵̣޵ĵͳͼѱ⵽޺ͻ޵ǿҷ
˵һε޳ɵģ޼ɵɱޣ͵̵Ļڳĳ档
ҶڴʱͻȻǺ̶·ԩ˻һ㡣
ৣ
Ҷ߳⣬ֱӷϷķȥֻɳʯ׳˾޴ĺ磬֦Ҷȫ棬ĿҲʲô·һ޵׺ڶһ㡣
¸¡
ֻѻҹҷɣͣţ·ħһ㣬˸ⲻ
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ȻҶʵǳƮ죬޷ֱ澿Ǵĸġ
Ĺų൱аŰ
Ҷ۲ãֺ紵һưܵļҪ̮ԺС


ʲô
żҽУԺ˲侲ֻк绹ڲͣתţ



1436 
Сǲ飬й
һܶʿӿҽеǸԺȻ֣ǸСԺԭסŵһСŵȫˣֻʣһŵƤȥֲֹ죡
ԺԭסСȻ޷ʥءϴȣҲڵǿأȻڵǿȴӰȫޣˣʬ
һ
һ뷢԰׵жһƤһֵ˵
ϣʲô񣿡Աһʳ˴󲿷˵Ͼ˭Ҳû񾿾ʲôִ˵еĶЩɻ䣬ĸء
Զǰ𣿡һĿ࣬ڷǿҲѯʵ
ûһ񣡡
Ŀ⾼һ˵ϼڵĹϵ伮أʳˣѪȫΪΨƤҲ£ǰ龰ʳ˺գ
׳بŴڣʷƾãȻھǧǰȴͻȻһҹţʿͨȫʧǰ̽ȴûκη֣ճһ֮գ
龰شҶˣųǲƽҸСĽ䱸Ƶ鷢
ǰ̽ĸɫÿֹĶ˽壬֪һλ˭
ϣ񾿾ʲô
صסҶѯʣֶ̫ˣڴҶסķϵĹųУٴ
Ƕǲ񻹺˵Ӧú񡣡
ҲҶ˵ʵһַǳĴڣǿ󣬲δʬ
ͨϵĽ⣬Ҷ˱Ƚϵͳ˽⣬档
ǿߣٵʥǿ˷ˮõĵطӶؼ
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Ϊصģǵĸ߿Ƽо̽ûдĺģı仯̫˷˼ˡ
ĳ֣úܶСźͼʿԼһЩɢ޶о˲ȫ׷Ѱıӻ
׳ǣֳܿ˼μӪԾˮˮȴɸż޳Ľ
ʱɸһз˴ңʮ޺ޣˮһŰ˴û˳˴١
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ʱ˿̣û˸ҽȥȻǾʥֻܵȴ޶ҿΣˡ
⼸У̣´νɸżκ˶ɱ͵ޡ޵̣Υɱ⡣
һΣŭѪϴʿҪΪ˲̣ɱȡ޺˺ڵ˴ɡ
⼸ռ䣬쳣ţ˻ҩζܶʿȥ̸顣
Ȼ֮Ҳûг֣·Աһʿûһҵĵģϼӽ䱸
Щʥغϴڵʥѹ̵ʥˣΪľɱΪʿһ
ȻҲе彫۱˹ȻǲƵĵ۱ȴһӵϵܡ
Щӵе۱ʥغͼ壬ڽ߾ȫѰɲ޸۱Щ𼶵ʥˣ޸۱
ϿЩ۱ǲƵģǲǾҪһ֪ˣֻûԸһ֡
һεĵ۱սĨȥӰܶ۱ˣһʥ˵ֱǲɳ֮ء
ʱ䣬ԺԺ֮Ĺϵ˽ʱڣ˫ţսһ
Ҷ׷ɱХ飬ԺĵǸе޹⣬׷վҪѵԺӡ
ԺĵҲʾں˺ʯҰ˾Ƶ˵ɿ£׷ߣ첲ӣҪ͵ԺӸɼܡ
˫֮ȻûֱӶ֣ȴһƬԺĵ˵Ժĵñ
ԺĵӳƵԺĵǿ壬ӵһɣ˫˭ҲʾĿɿڴ
˵ԺǴƣΪԺĺܶӶԸڳǵļʥصʥڡ
ұ죡ŶԸãԼڧʲô
ѣԺ͵Ժĸ߲ڳˣԽԼĵѵһ٣һԺ֮Ĵƴ
ҲеӶô嶯ҲһЩӷǳԣûв뵽սȥ
Ժ͵Ժ֮ìѾãҶ׷ɱХ鲻Ǹѣֻʱ죬˫ƣѹ
Ժ͵ԺĸԺҲ˻еһìܣԺдһϸ£Ҫڷʤ̽ɸżѰһԵҪ
⣬Ժ֮ĹϵҲĹųʱһ׳λþڹųһͨϡ
׳־ԵĶһɽεضֱ죬Լǧɹ⻬ͣͨ˸ϲֻʿܹٶ塣
ʱ޷ɸżܶ˶ų̽ϣܹ֣ϾĹųҲء
ҶԺҲмģҲãһһڲ֮
һ죬ҶͺˡʯҰ껡𳤸ڹųתһȦ֮ڹ껵£һ˷ͨ塣
嶥·ǱӲضһǳƽܶʿûҲԺ͵Ժĵӡ
һУܶʿ˽裬ɸżеõıҩҩϵȵȣԼҪԼĶ
Ƭɽ׵ķзǳǽҲѹúܵͣܶ˶ԼĶֱӷǰĵϣҪʲôȽš
Ҷתһ£ֺö治٣и鱦ҩҩһЩֵֹĲϣҩĲϣһЩôĲϡ
ȪˮڤȵȣЩ˽ĹжаЧ֮⣬ëöûС
ЩƫŵĲϣҪģһʽ򣬲ЩҲͦģЩҪϽеֱӿʯ
ͨϣʿǳ࣬ЩҲڽףּۻۣǿĶֽ࣬׵ȴࡣ
ɸżУܶʿջԣҩͱҩĽģҶ֣˾Ȼڽ׻Ѫ޵ڵ޺˵ȵȶ
ʣЩ˿϶ɸżûɱޣҲѹ֣ԵɱޣɾҩȴԼһЩ
תȦҶһõۣţǷϵʿǰͣ
ϵǰһơɫľŰͼΣͷˡ
ϷżʯһЩ޺֮ĶĸǻĿڲʯѹţԷ紵
ʯѪ١޺ˣ߹·Ҫ
ţҶۣĶûбҪʲôҲ˵ʯ
Щô
Ҷǿ˵ʯʯеһʵ
۹⣬ʯ䣬ĵۣڴߵĻڶ򣬶ʿ˵޼䡭ݵʿ˵û꣬ʯͷУϾޣҶеЩԾĪҪʨӴſڣ
Ȼݵʿ׻˰죬˵һʯǧƷʯ۸񹫵ɣ
ãǻһȴ˸ʨӴ󿪿ڡ




1437 ͼ
Ƭɽкܶ඼ԸʿȻˣҲһЩʵǿɢޡ
ɸż֣ʿûǿʵһɢ޸û룬ӵһϯ֮صɢޣ˲ʵͱ
Ѳһˣ
ҶʯͷȥĿȥӦȻȴһ˿ߣʯͨʯͷʵؼӲһ֮⣬ûκγ֮
еǣʯͷϣ˵̵ĺۼͨʯͷ̶ɵģ֮
⣬νѪ٣ʵͨ٣ѪȾ֮һ˿Ѫζ
νĻ޺ҲǼٵģֻͨ޺˶ѣƷ޺ˡ
Ҷ׾ˣȻ֪Щ˻ˣû뵽Ʒģһ涫ûС
ҲˣҲҪѵ˼òãٵˮƽҲ߯ˣֻҪȥӦһӾܲǼٵġ
ҿڣ
Ҷ֮ԱǣƷĶ㶸ʨӴҪǧƷʯֱˡ
Сֵܣô˵ȫƾԸԸԸﻹһЩöͿܲˡ
ϵ˰ϷȴһҲ죬ĴսҶ˵
Ŷ
Ҷһ淢˱ѹĸǵСʯͷУһԲʯͷǴʲô϶ĲƬ
ȻƬʯͷûʲôʵ̫ͨˣҶȴһ˿ͨĵطܿǴһʥƬ
ǴʥĻһС飬ҲȻ̺Ӵֻһ˷ֲ˶ѡ
ûѵĻҲֲˣ϶̺ǿĶжصĸӦƬ
ˣ
Ҷó鼫ƷʯֵǧƷʯЩʯϴʯʱӰڹģȥۣΪʥƬҲֻűˡ
۹⣡
ϵƷʯóһͰ͵ƤֽĵݵҶǰɸżеͼд۵ܣ֪ˣǴͷɣ

ҶˣҪѹŰͼСʯ飬ʲôͼţܺȻһνͼ
㻹ţ
ϵνͼչڰͼϣûУɸżڵһŲرͼ̴׷Ѱ֮ء
Ҷڰͼǰ濴˼ۺЩȣЩطһֲǾ׼
Ҵӷλͼڰͼָ£ÿһλǳעҲס
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ϵ⣬һõĵۣЩ˵ζ
ıͼԼôȥѰأңҿǸƭӣ
Ҷ޵ʯѾˣ
ˣô˵أûһ㾴ϵ˼Ҹ˵ҪǴĻźһӡͨͼҵ۵Ĺ۵˻ʴ۵ĵϣԵͼ
ϵԾੲݣһﲻݵӣ֮һżһӾͰƤ
㿴Ȼۣȴдµĵϣһλפ
ָĵطҶɵһطȥٳʱͺˡʯҰصǴɽͷȷд۵ĵϣʺ͸
ֵֹĿƭӣһѵͼɣ˵صעĵطפĵطͺܲһˡ
һͼֵǧʯզȥأУôϵ㶫ңȻ̫ˣҶĥߴּۻۣȥץǸ޺ˣ
УѾ˦ˣҲǿСӻˬ죬ȻһͼûһʯǲģѾ׬ˡϵһ˵ı飬ֱӡ
ǲУҶĻһʯҶΪ
û취˼һ⣬ŵʯˣϵǿһĲֵʯС
УϿžڣϢĽǿʥƬϵȫˡ
ˣǿʥƬһĲֵĶˣϵ֪ĻѪɣһζˡ
ţӣݣԣ͵ƭһκˣҶһ鲻Ըӣͼоȥˡ
˺ʯҰҲһЩɸżҲջ˵һû
ȻˣҶջģ۱޸һЩԵø
֮ɸż˭Ҳû̽ĵط治֪ͼ滹Ǽ١
ɲصأҶֻЩһڷľڣ黷ơ
ͼϻģּҶϸϺ󣬺ȻдľȻǾۣ˻ʴ۵֡
ţӻдҲⱨӦ
Ҷˣ󽫵ͼȻͼģҲٴνʱȥϸ̽һ
¼٣Ȼ죬ǺһʿѾ˲֪ٱаΣյʱûġ
ʱתƵϵֺںƭּۻأʶķʽһ£Ҫϵ
õҶ󣬺˲ɫļ٩һջǼ۸û̸ףװ뿪ˡ
ҶͿü˱ƭסһ֮ͨЩʿԹԵʯͼ
ǸƺǬһŵͼóĵزˡ
Ҷͺ˷ֱҵ껺ͽ𳤸ǣҲϵڲԶƭӺˡ
ʱʮţ۸һʯһǧ˽ٽʯˣ޵Ҷ
뵽ԼѾǿʥƬˣŸоƽһЩôԼԿ
ÿһͼɣãܹϵӣһ˿ͼζ
ƭӣڼʯӣͷ⣬ƭ˲ʯЦŵ
м˰ɣֱ㣬ҾˣԺ˲ûĻȥһУҲͷ˵
Ǹطн
𳤸ɫ˵ǿ̶̰ʱܶ˶·̯ǰ˵ʲôѡǸطһˮأ֪Ӱˣûв¾תȷһ˰
𳤸һ˵ҶҲ뵽ˣԼ·˼һʼûע⵽ջǱǧƷʯȥ
ţȥʮͼʱͻȻһңۼˣһ벽߾ǿߡ
ৣ
ţɫ䣬һӣֱӽϵİͼЩƷĶսԶǧ£գۼûӰ


1438 
ͨϣʿ֯ܶ˶ڽףּۻַۣǷ
أȥȻͼڶۣʲôˣ
ۼǿ߷ǳŭụֱ́һ˫ĿţӸղĵطɨȥȻȴѾȥ¥գʲôҲҲˡ
ѵͼģ
ҶɵץеƤֽܹǵۼ˽ţƭӻЩء
ۼ˲ˣԵЩʦڵӣΪͼģͼоȻ۵֣Ǹλ󶯡
Ȼ
ţ൱һۼֱӽŵĨ֮ͣˣҵǲܵġ
ͼ
ۼһǿ߽һͼʿקʵ
ղ
սսָţͼĵط˵
ۼߣǵĵúܶ˶ˣ׷߿֪ۼΪʲô˴󶯸ɸꡣ
ܲ˶Զ׷
ۼ벽߾ǿ£һ׷ȥۼҲ׷׸ϣʧƬƽ̨ϡ
ô£׷ʲôۼҲˣǳϣ
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ʱ䲻Ƭƽ̨ϵ˾Ͷ֪ʲôţĵͼۼ𶯣Ƕɻ䡣
ͼǺŪ˵ļٻ
ǳԾķһʵһʵıͼ֪Ϊ˳Ŀǰƺֻա
ˣ˵ɸµĹ似ۼ˲ôšǵʼ棡
Щиָ˳ɸż̽˺ܶܵأһͼǺѶȵģ϶޾Ѫ
˷˹֮۵֮أһνɸ磬϶ޱȲңкܶȥ
˺ܿ뵽Ǹط뼫ΣգȻĻͼֱӽԶŴµһȡ߲ˣ
ͨϵƬƽ̨һƬңûһ˿ƽǾأй֮۵Ĺ似ܻе۱
Ϲȥˣ
ղŶ˭ĵͼ
ɽϷ˶Ѱңſʮ˵ͼȫˣֵ̫ˡ
ҶպͼƬƽ̨ĥϹӵʲôͷֱͼŪһǧ
ʱŻָƽö룬ס϶кܶ뷽跨õͼ
Х
Ҷһˣɸżб׷ɱ˽ǧĵԺ߻һˣȻҫѵߵһˡ
˼ɨŪ˲ĲϣѪɷȪɳѪɰȵȡ
ҪѵҪɲصصⲻɣ
ҶɻЩڹĹõģѵɸżлʲôĹѨɣ
Ҷһ˼úпܣɸżһ֮еһ磬ĹҲ֮С
Ҷ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱһ°ɫȹŮǰЦЦؿʵ
ŮǳСһ㣬öһ˫۾˸Ź龫ֵĽâһСһ㡣
ҶûбŮԻ֪ǰŮһʳ»ʳС°ףҲ»ʵĺᣬǸСǳǣɲԸմϡ
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ûʲô¾Ͳ𣿡
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ãǾ´νʱɣ
ҶԸپȥñᣬȴӦ֮˵顣
ǾһΪˣ
°׹û뵽ҶȻôʹ죬˭֪ǿлԼҶұɱһˣѵԼ
صԺڵƾɹڣҶֱӱչˣʱɸżеõһЩɽӴӡ
һҲΨ֮ͨʩչͨǰ޷ʩչؼ
ºϢɸż޴ƽϢˣָֻ˰Ҳ֪жǿʿ롣
⼸ռ䣬ͼһۣһ·ҶûʮţÿһǧƷʯۡ
ϧͼģ󼸺һˣ˿ϵԩͷҲζɸ罫ҪѪȷ硣
ʮڿɽƬɸżУˣһ
ʱ޶࣬ܶһ뵽ɸż֮УԺ͵ԺԼԺ໥һжȵԺдϽһҪϺпܸЩԿɳ֮
Ժ͵ԺȻѧʥĵãȴϣһɳ໥֮ԹģҪֵĴ˶ɱҡǳɳĻᡣ
һΣԾǴǸнɸżλԺ죬ûκΣա
Ƭǰ磬һƬԭʼԪŨܶ౶޳û඼Ϲ֣Ϊǿ
˫һչһƬӹգ˫צ˸âһɽͷץˣץһ׵ľֱӷˡ
񣬸ԼϽɱ޺ͻޣ˭ҴһϳͲ޳һη
һΣҶѡУûкκһ𣬽ɸżֱ֮ӱɲصطӶȥ
ͬܶʿûȥɲصص⣬طѰһԵ̽δ˷ֵһЩż
ɲصرȻдԵǿ϶ģΪ˶ӵȥˣʿ̫Уһ֣ȻᱬսǸʱ򣬿ֻЩпջȥ˾ǵڻҵ
պҶһƬԪ֮أ滨ʢݱأ֥ҩҩڲݴУϸĻ׺Թȥ
ǳȻûʲôʯȴҪĳ嶯Ļ׽״̬
ҫ
ҶͻȻ˵Ժҫ⸽תƣƺʲô
׼˺ܶ࣬ҪɲصصעôҶеɻ
ʱУҫ˺ܶ˽⡣
˵򱱲ǳһ壬ûгۣûг׼ۣ߾ǿ߶ȴоԶĥȴʼնûж˴С
ԭܼ򵥣ǾͨѰѨѰʯĸ֣Ǳ˶ǡ
ѵʲôɣ
Ҷаֹû¶棬ǰĹ۲졣




1439 ɸ
ҫ֪ѱҶעԾڵΧŸɽתƣʱʱĶСʯͷڵддƺڼʲô
ΣվеСʯһɽ˸ǺţһӣһнǺŴȥ
䣡
һضɽҡľ죬ɽ屻һ϶һŶ죡
ţ
һĻҶһ
һҫ˭Ҳ֪ɽ֮оȻһŶɸ
ɸˣɸˡ
ҫĿ˿ԼɵĽͻȻɤӴ޲ý˶
ԣ˷ɸ֮󣬺޲ֻԼһ֪źأô˴£±ӣ϶й
Ҷ˲϶ˣȻһȦףҿûǰȡжͱ¶ˡ
ಡ
Ƭ̼䣬ʿԶɽзڴˣĹŶ
ҫߣû뵽ԶɽУҶϢĸȥɲҫģ϶ı
ȻûãҶͿһˣǱ׷ɱĸҵХ
˿̣ХɽеȴţҫʵôŪˣ
ĺˣȺ׳ѾٵɸȻȫƳƣ
˵ҫһЦȥæɣѵðײãɾˡ
ʦйȻж컯֮񣬶ĹͰХźۼİҫ
ڵСɽȷǳɽ֥أȪڵݴγһ羵һСԪˮ
Ǿžˣƿ֮ĺˮ³ɸŻ֣ôдջ񡣡ҫ˫۷Ź⣬˷ֱܵ֡
һȻ˵ãʮƽƣȴڴ˵ɡ
ҶӵͬʱҲܳԾʦȻֶ˷ʤ
Լ֪ĻҲᱻˣ˭뵽ɸ
ԶӰһһƮƮ绪ʥŮ֣ξɺ̸ʥŮ̡
̣
Ҷ˹ȥþҫХˣļƻ
ʲô̷ǳȣû뵽Ҷ
㲻ԡɣǧȥԵҶЦ
˵ʲôأ
̺һֻۣǾô˵еתǷأѡ
ɫһƵϳһĨ֮ɫҲҫХˣһ괹档
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ĽҶ⣬Ϊҫ֣ҫһЩֶλ֪ġ
ܽսֶκǾˣһʿԿǱȻģʵ̫
䣡
ʱԶϼգ޾ĹâɽеԪ¡¡
Ƿűҫѣɸĵطкܶʿ֣ƽƣźԶɼ𣬺˵Ŀ⡣
ƬˣĪڵһʱȥ־һס
˭ҲϴĻԵһɸ䣬дµĹ
ͨʿ˵Ȼ󣬵дµĹ似Ļǿ϶ѡߡ
Ϊ̫Զˣ
Ҷ˰ԾоʦִԽ΢ֽűһȺǿߣвǿ߰æһΪ򹤡
ͬʱĶ̫ǿǰ˵û˹עνһáûԼ˻ȸںĻ˶ᱻǸˡ
ཡ
Ľһ㱻ƳСеˮλҲڲ½ˮտ˵Ŀˮһ㹾ðˮݡ
źˮ½ԪŨ
ȻһڣӦĶ˹ģһλ߾۷ǿ֮йءҲд۹似Ҳ˵
ХĿҫһۣ˷ܵ۷Ź⣬ܹõǵ۱Ļǿɾķˡ
ˮʥӿ죬ʱ䲻ƬСʧˣһѹȡ
ʯΧɣǱΪģⲼֳһ㲻·
һŶɹ⣬籡ǶôľңȴҲһĪ͵ϣһͲǷء

ҫХ޼ɵĿЦȴûоˣ˶ڼɸУûע⵽
Զ˻ƴŽе벻֪һжҫõģѡ
ǶҪ죬ֽķʽһᣬҲ嶮ãһ˿鷳ˡ
ҫ֪֮ͨķʽ֮⣬һЩϵļҲãһĻ⴦ɸ϶ٱƲʱɾͼɵˡ
ҵĵʦ̫ˣѹǼܹƾһ־ˣ
Ͽ̸̾ΪһʥأȻҲԼʯҲЩܹͨʯϵɫȵȷֱǷʯʲôƷĵȵȡ
Ǻ͵ʦҵͲˣûȣһϡ
˽֮ҶĵƬ̣ϢĽڸɺԵСײ
±ڶͣ絶иһ㣬ͨ˾ǿˣûйߵҲ²žߴһˤӡ
ڶ͵±һ࣬һŶ˸⻪һȿŵʯѾ򿪡
Ͼʲôһ㣬Ϳ
ҶϾûоϵͳʽѧϰڷĸ˽ޣԲʶҲġ
ӦʯŵķӡСеȪ͵ΪṩתԶػɸĴš
̸ʥŮ̸ҲǴоԶʥأЩЩ˽ģʱҶռһ·ĵĳʶ
Ĳ֣һֹķţϺ֮󣬱ܷӳһЩĪ
طǲ
΢΢üʯȻˣԾɻһЩƺۼ
ЩҲ֪ڶˣطһ£ָҲͷ
Ҷʼˡ
һƵ֮ҶûܺƥеģҪھͺðˡ
ţȽȥ
ҶһȻҲͨҲ֪һЩܹǰԤӦò¡
ҪСģ
̶У۲ת
һģ
Ҷһûɸ֮Уڣ籡˼ɾһ㡣




1440 Ŷ
У뵣貣ɾζнԶͼ˰ʯףͨΪԶ
ڣҶĻᱩ¶мСǰһξ룬˺ܶżֻʲôûˣѾҫХѹһա

ͻȻҶһǰȻһȻγɵͷɴСϸĻһᱻԹȥġ
ǵ֮壬Ҳ֪γһͷϧѾˣԪľ
ͷĿУƺÿһζ۴С˸߲ʵĹâ
ǴľԪĻ׹ǣ޾Чֵҩ޼۵䡣
ϧˣ䣬ѾˣֻʣһЧѾۿۣϸĹ۲죬Ҷ˶ߣǳź
ɸеɹ뵣ƻãǲҶչ׷ǲһһǿͻһЩƣδƵɱο
׷ǲµʱϵǾ죬ȥģûʲô赲ɱס
һγԱͻƵķĴԺһЩ򵥵׷ǲͻΧˡ
ǡ
ǰһƬҩҩ䶼꣬ϧȫˣ̺ԪȫɢڿУûб˺á
һƬɽһƬҩһЩֲУһ޼ҩϧѾȫˡ
ϧˡ
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ҶĻﳾ鳾ˣװôԪɢˡ
ৣ
ͻȻҶɫһ䣬־ǰԶһʯģûκβ
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ҶĲƽϳǿĸ֪£ҫХ˵λҶǳûкǿܿǡ
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ڴض飡
ҶȻĶХҫ˸ͽӣǣҶû˿УһҲò˼
ΪƽƣҶҲҹ룬˵ɶȻдԵȴֻ̾
ʵǣɸдµĳЩЩģƫƫϴٵʱδܵõǵꡣ
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뿪˵أҶǰУСıܹһЩΣյ֮һҩĹŶ
Ŷڿǽڵĵطһļӣ˸žӨĹâϳŸƿƿ޹ޣӡ
Ҷ˳ĴһƿеöҩȴѾȫˣЩҩڱȾ綾Ķҩû취á
һ˺üƿƿ޹ޣҶΪʧȫʣûһöҩõġ
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ʱܻǣһڣЩƿ϶סŪûܽҫХ档
ĥ˺ܾãҶʹߣһóȻȥпܻᾪˣʱԼһʵе
Ҷԭ·طŶ⣬˼⣬һˣȻǺ
Ҷֵܣô
Ѿ֪һЩֱҶѯղŵĻѾȥҶˡ
˵غǲпһ׼۵Ķпй֮ס
ҶĽһЩǣ˵ҫХ˺ܿдջ
٣ǳϴһգ
ͷۣʮ㣬ֱһ֣Ҷ˿ʼоô֪Ľ˴ƹĺש




1441 ƹջ
һȶҶͺƶϴٷ
ΪϴٳɹҶһЩƶˣ̳ɵ̨ڶڼ򵥲һ£ƳͣЩ̨ȫʧ֮УϸӦĻԲ
˵𣿲ҪǷˣɻĿҶúõ˵
ҫХ˵սΪɵҶܹԸХû⣬ԸҫҲԣһǲĻҪǼǲܵġ
İɣǰµģסǿ߶û⣬Ҫ˵ˣ
ҶЦⲢʲôɱҲƴ󣬵ȴԶݵþУֶݵʧǵĻҲôݵʱ֣ˣ
Ǿͺãҵڽͼˣ
ˢĳһڽüڹ˸
Ҷ֪Ǻ޵鱦ڽɵıܹʿĳɳǿ
Ҳ˵ܹﵽʥΪüһʥ
¡¡
Ƭ֮󣬶д죬ͬʱϼӿҫХֳ˺ܴĶ
ٵɸ˵עĻĶͱ˲ˡ
Ҷòҫֶεȷˣ˶ˣȫХˡ
ҶãһЩδ֪ΣյĻܿܵжХϣϾһ˱һ˷ֱ˭أ
ҶڶڸĵȴûٽȥҫХ
ڽʱвʱиԽԽˣŨԪˮһӿ
ϣܵõ䣬ܶܶ䡱ܲ˵ڴĹâ
Ҳڴ
Ҷͺ˻죬һۣЦ
ʥŮˣԼˣᱻˣҶͺˣûһʡ͵ĵƣ׼ҫХһˣ
һ
Ҷͺ˹ߴߴŵγ֣ʱѡȵȡ
ˣ
ϵĸ֪ǳֲܹǰ˵ĶλãҶռơ
͸λ׼֣ǧҪһǲû׼бĶ֣
Ҷź֮һ֮УϢ£ı֡
ջ񲻴ϧı޷õ֣Ȼջ͸ˣҫ
ѾջСˣοȫˣȻȥ֮Ҿͺ峤˵ǽֵܣХȻ鲻Ȼжķ˴ȴҲջ޴
ˣ
˶ҶµһɲǣҶƣֹâ˸һ뵽þ֮С
飡
ϳ֣ڽݺҫĺϣ㽫ֱӿưˡ
ҫƺһһ˵ϡ
з˦Хϣ㽫һ
ã
Хո˵֣ǰͳһɫİשпٷŴ󣬶һϡ
ĸ쵰
Хֱۣһ໰ĵñѪǰֱðʲôҲˡ
飡
ںϲһХȻҲסַһ͵ϮĺשƹȫˣͲмܵġ
Һް
Хʵĵһ䣬Ҳֲסˣһۣббĵ˵ϡ
顢顢顢飡
ÿֲǼڻҲһ죬鴤Ѫɡ
ҶǲҲ³ˣйŶܲƬ˰שһͨģľСŵ¸
˵ˣôȥĴˣ
̿ŶǸеۣ˵ùˡ
У˭֪ûʲôרűرأһϴٵʱ鷳ˣ
Ҳֱ֪ܽˣΪҫХĵӣԺҲǺܹעģ䡣
Ҷһ֣ȷס˵꣬ùѹ

Ҷһ֣ҫϵĿռ鱦ֱӵ涼ʲô
ǡ
ץסһɫĺ«ѵ«û뵽ϾȻıʥҪİ
ҿ
⶯ӺнӹǸɫĺ«ȥĿ˰죬ע̽һ£ʧҡͷⲻǸ˵е«һƷҲˣţ
Ҳѹҫʱ򣬺ҲХ˸飬ַҶרҵˣܶصıﶼ˳˵һëûХʣ¡
һΣǾԿǴգ˶вƵղأϴеõһЩ㹻˷ֵˡ
ǵ·յҪ£仰һڣҶһĿɿڴ
ҪԼǣұһܣ
ߺһŮʵ޷ֱӡ
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˵ɾ͸ɣ
̱֮ܿҶ˱һ֣ҫХ˰˸⡣
ʱҶͻȻ֣ҫĵ̥ڵĵطȻ˸
ѵб
Ҳˣֱӹ̽ĵһóһ̵ִۡ
Ѱ
ҶӦˣǱķС̫һĽ֣ʧ
޼䣬ʦ֮ѰɽѰҵʯ͵ȫˣ˵ǵʦһӣû뵽Ȼҫϣ׬ˡ
ҶֵܣⱾŰɣҽʱҪʯӵģòţⱾ޼۵ӸҶ
⡭
ҶӹⱾ飬ʮּҪʯ̫ˣһŸ޷ܣⱾѰĻԺͲΪʯˣֱѩ̿
ɣֻҪⱾ飬ƽֺˣҾѾռˣ
ҶԼԭֵõıȫóúƽˡ
Ҷֵܣи뷨ǿô
յҶߣԼļƻ˵һ飬ҶĿɿڴһ˵̫ˣ
ô˵أ
Цоӳ֮Ӱ룬ɻ¶һ𣬲ġһһ£Ұͱ㴰ֽգ




1442 ǰ
ͦģĻ˵ˡһ𡱣̹ԣ
µǺð죬ѾȫǹˣֻҪŪһˣȻٸµƣ֮Ծһʱ䶯þͿˡ
ܿ죬ںĶȤζ£˱Ū§һ𣬶һһǰһ֣
Щ֮ҶֱԶݣ˳ʮһɽͷͣĵȴץĳ
ǵſɣˣ
̱ϾһŮûЩ£Ƥ˼ĿһĻ׳۵ľ
ҾӦٸǼӵϲźãߺ󣬺˵
ʲô۶ӣ
ҶʵΪѾץˣٹֵĻٻȥˡ
ǳ۶ӣ룬ôõһĻϷֻǲе̫ˣܲĻЦ˷ǳϲ֣˶ã
˵ţҶֹ˳ȥһɤӣ쿴ţﻹһɸ
Ʒ
Ҷһп⺫ĻҪ𣬾ԲܵˣĻ롣
ʱһʿ֣Ǳƭˣ°Ƴ˽ƣȴһٵɸһЩ֮⣬ëûУӽúȥ
ʱͻȻôһɤӣһ߷ں֮󣬿Ӱ߷ֱѾӷɶݣ˸ȦӻصҶߡ
Ϸ࣡
Ц˵һ䣬ȥԼϢɽͷһƬݴɸӡ
Ȼܶʿ⴦ɽȵϷ׷ҲĲ׷ɽн䡣
ʱ򣬾һɤ𶯣ҫХҲ˹
һʼǻֲ׾ʲô£ǺܿǱ˹ΪΧѾΧ˲ˣڶָָ㡣
û뵽ԺĵӾȻãǿ۽ˣһʿܲĸп
ǮһЩŮʿ۾û뿪ǵĳ棬󷽷š

ҫˣһ£ȻХ棬һƤĦƺһЩӦоԼסһ϶
Ҷˣ
Х˫ĸоҫҪǿңһԿ
ðˣðˣø첲Ҷһ£·Ŭ죬ʾҶȥ
ҶµĽƲǿӺǱܹˣϽֿ򶴸ȥʵûˡ

Χ۵˺ôЦ
ãȽȥˣҲȥѰһԵɣ
˻عﲻΪ˿ϷѰһԵģ̸Ͻ׷˽ȥֹȻҪѰһԵͱҪ
˶붴ҶͺߣʳһЩ
ȥȥأ˵пдµĶгɵĳЩʾʵ
ȥȥأҶʡ
ҲȥǸսûϼһǱţҺܲģȥðգ˵ʵûһǿ߱ȥ
ȥ
Ҷ˫ᶨĹâϰб¼٣ǲУûģһ
ףˣòõԵûϵҪǣŻҶ¡
ͺֿҶ㰴ͼϵָһ·ȥȻأ϶ôܽȥģһҲġ
һ·ϣҶʿûзκγͻһ·Ȼǰظеһ˿졣
ء
ǰɽУһһֻڿգüɣɽϣһ𣬽ɽʶϣʯգƺˡ

һƬҽʿڷȻһǿҲǰ벽߾顣
ˣ·߲ͨˣѵЩޡصĲɣ
ĿĵػԶһ·Ѿ޵أƺԸʿӽƬ
ɸżһʿ޷Ϊһ·ϲ֪ж޺ͻ޺УΣ̫ˡ
д̫ϳƲ⣬⴦ɸżʮ﷽Բֱһ磬ģкܶյأ룡
ͼϵıʾرԨ󡢾ڡȵȻƣڻɵʿ˵Ӧòѣ϶ƣͱ˷׶ˡ
ҶڱҴˣΪ˵
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ҶһͷԴӽɸż֮һֱԶСû뵽ײˡ
ҷҸӣ㵨ӲСۣ
°׹һСħӣצûκвɰ
ˣҽ֮һֱ㣬ûҵҶĲ
Ź֣ҲûϵҴˣһȥذɣҲõһͼ
°׹û϶ǴӻͳһͼҶҫĻһ£űһкôģ
£Ҳ֪Һ֮Ĺϵô˵лԼģô֪𣿡
Ҷɫ׻֪Сôġ
ǣңҪѱǷһôֲָֻţ°׹ҶһۣĹ۰ɣһʧġ

ҶһݣԭΪ°׹һݳԵĵڿԼĳǸҪ
ҪĻˣˣ
Ҷڨڨһ±ӣ׻ˣʱеǣ°׹˵©졣
һ·ǰУƹ˺ܶǿޣҶֵģҪǰ°׹ӣ϶Ҫȴһùã򲻹ƵҲ١
Ҫٴ޵ıĻͶ֣νģ
ҶܽܶĵӶ޺ͻ޸ˣЩѪܵĽѵľ
Ҷļ£ǲϵƵ·ǶԶԶƿˣ;˺ܶʬѪ
ȻҲв޵ʬз˼ͷ޵İ׹ǣˡ
úٽĿĵأʿʱûͨµˣһ˸ﲻ˴˵ء
ȻһأתϢǳŨؼԪҲǳḻ˵һ֮ء
ܶ˶ھǰһƬɽ󣬸ҩҩȱȽǣĿжĿܡ
ǿĽƣܷˣ
ǳԾķһʵɣȴûа취գ·۶˳һʿҲˣͽǰС




1443 Σķ
ѹֺܶ˶赲
ҶһƬ֮أҪƬ֮أҪͽ߹ȥС
д۵Ϣѵȱĵ۱ѹﲻɣ
°׹ʱ˷Сȭͷ߬ĽģֱðСǡ
ʡʡɣȱĵ۱ôȥҲܷУô˶϶ĪΣգҿɲ봥ùͷҶ°׹Ķͷһ¡
Ƭ֮ȫԨ󡢾ںƣҪȥֻܴЩ취ô˱Щطù

ǻӦҶĻһԶԨһҽУһڵǿ߱һͷֱ˿УˣֻһҽУ˷ë

ʮʿֺһƬʱͻȻˮдܳһһڽȫȥ׽ĿͷƤ飬ˮ涼Ⱦˡ
ţȻػôȥ
Ƿ׷׾㤣
ȴ뻮ƣɹȥȴһЧãƱ˿
Ҳȱĵ۱ѹڴˡ
ϱﶼĶˣǵĸоʿ
˵ǵɽ͹óĽۺҲˣǰͺ̣ʼǰ
ȱĵ۱ζʲô
ζ˭õĻԿȱĵ۱һʥ
ȱĵ۱Ǵ۵һȻд۵Ĺ似ȵȣһǿĴС
˽ȥˣ
෽̽ʥ֣һͷݱеɹƬ֮ء
ºܶ˶סˣ׷ٴ̽ҲҪ֮Ե
أȥ̽һ£ûǿޣ°׹Ҷһѣȥ̽·
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ұ㣬㻹ǲˣôСŮˣ°׹ü̼Ҷ
ûã㻹ʡʡɣһҪģҪٵȵȣ·ȥ
ҶΪıԵ̽м٣ʲôΣҲԱ

ʱ˺Ǵͬ⣬Ҫȥ˲һͱһԼɵĺɫӸ˸ɣڷ궼ˡ
ǡˮΣ
ܶʿھУֲ̫ˣû뵽оȻôһˮޣⲻҪ
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Զһͷɢ󴸣һؿϵ
ˣϽæһȥѰϵҶͷɢк
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ϣ
ͷɢͷĴ˹ȥ̱㱻һ㶢ˣವһʺ

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ಣ
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вˣǵϵϻ˼ҲҪҲˣϵˢӣû׼ܴȥ
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⾿ʲôޣͷôСȴ˵а죡°׹ЩµסĿڣʧ˵
㣬ҲǺǰһޣǳǿ󣬶忰Ⱦ𣬷ǳӲһ˸ʹǵ壬ֻ
ϵڽָͣϽгһξģɵķļӹһ
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գ
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ɣգᱻٵ鱦ģⶫܳ鱦
°׹Ȼ鱦ⶫͷɢ˼æѡ

ϧѾˣһѾսСУһöСâ
Ƭ̣°׹СһСһɫĻҽѾˡ
˻
ͷɢ̲סһ°׹Ŀֵֹġ
Сһ»ʳ»ʴּģ򲻿ܽˣС»ʴ۵Ĵ˰ɣϵһصʵ
ţҽ°ף
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Ҷ֮ƣۡһֱӽˣ֮һֱӳһѽٻҡ
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˶Ǽһ°׹⣬öôǿ




1444 Ե
Ҷͽһ𾪣˸Ͳ֪淢ʲôΨ°׹ϵͷɢ˿С
ֻһ¶ѣûҪҰɣҶڨЦ
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
ϵóһصİŪһ£󶨳һǰ档
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˰ɣҪôĻղôΧסأ˾һҲӣֱӽҴ̡
⣬⣡
ϵһ죬˵ο϶ûҵģ֤ǶԵ

˵ʱˮֳˣһڵǿ߶ֱ˸ʬ˵ľ
Խ˵Ѫ⣬ⶫԽǿ񱩣ɫѪɫӿɲˡ
ৣ
ٴγһޣ棬ȴһž״ļ̣һֱ㽫һǿֱʿˣѪ漫Ѫȡ
⡭
Ҷ˾òӺðǸݲӣǴˮҪˣ֪ʲôǰޡ
ǰ棬ǳǿ󣬱عҲܺʥǿߴƽ֣·߰
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ۡ
ͷ̫ǿˣʮʿ̶һ˲ͱȫնɱˣˮζҿԶԶظ©ֳɵġ
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淴βͺݺݵĳʥϣ죬еƶ䶼ɢˣеཬʮɸߣ·һཬһ㡣

һʥǿ߳ˣһѹȥͼ
飡
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䣡
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һصĵϣȴʿǸˣһֵ࣬Ȼʧˡ

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ˣѾ˷֮أѰһԵˣҲʲôƽ֮أҲһЩǿĻޣ޺ˣʲôƭʵ
ûʲôԵɣܵõһЩԵãòҲֻˣʶ°׹úܹܿƬ֮ѾΪףԸͱս
ҵĿȻǴ۵ĴУܵõ۱͸ˣ
˾ܳʵ˵˴˵뷨˶ǱĿġ
ҵĿֲ࣬ȡɣֻҪǲЩǿϣӦû⡣Ҷ˵
ǺãǼ˼棬Ͳֿжˣ
ƭóϵĶλǿϧˣֻܶһЩµķλһʦǺ׶ˡ
ʦ
Ҷһ㶣ԼҫϵõѰûüоȻó
ɣŵùҵĻھȥһŶǰһҪչ죬ܲһҵء
Ҷþеռ䣬ѧϰѰ
𣿡°׹ŵĿҶ
ʲôĿ𣿡
˾Ҳʾţʲô
ã
ϵƺʲôᶨ˵Ҳûʲôջ񣬱үͲһ




1445 Ѱ
ϵļ£ҶԸԳҵһŶֱӽڷռС
°׹ϵ˾ڶҶñ˾ˡ
ʵҲˣ˿̾ѾȫˣǸ֪ǿʥǿ֮⣬һ˸ͷֲ
ռУҶֱӽǱѰóϵİ£ʼеһ־һһӡҶʶϿգ·һһ㡣
˿̣ȫĵͶ룬ȥѰмص
Ѱһ飬ɽءѰʯѰѨסߡ
Ѱ¼ɬ٥Ѳ򣬼ҶҲѣӴЩָܸ㣬Ըаο
ÿһλ۶ŷǷļȻʦǴͨɽҲһЩ˽⡣
Ϊ۵ĵ۱飬ȻҲ֪һЩ˿ָҶҶԸĲⱾ顣
СӣҲò˵˼ֱˣ鶼ܵõԺͲΪʯˣĻԵϲ޸п˵
ʱҶռҹͣĲǶѰһЩ裬ⱾԸһš
似͹֮⣬ȻһֱΪѰʯġ
ҫ֪Լ洫ѾҶѧȥ˺üɣƵҶƴ
ϾѰҰĸԭΪڵԺܱ˵ȥⱾ˵Уܱ˵ȥ
Ȼ
û뵽ǣȷû˵ȥֱӱȥˣǳ׵Ĵϴ٣ͷûʣ¡
ѪǣȻԼõХ˰ڳǸӣⱲӶûˡ
ʵеʱ䣬ҶռȴѾȥһ¡
һµĲ߲ݣǽ˸ɣӦЩˡ
˿ֻ̣ҪһۣԺб㶼Ǹɽεƺ֪ʶħˡ
䣡
Ҷһȭ俪סŶʯ飬˳˫⣬䣬ƺɽתһ㡣
ôˣ
һΧڴؿҶ
УܶŶˣҵʱݽ棬ʿҲпܳΪڻҡ
ӦòˣҪһߴȥƲȷ
ҶûиҰѻ˵̫Ͼһʱѡ
ϸߴ
ϵһֽ֣Ųõһɽ壬վɽϿԸɵصĵơ
Ҷת˫ۼɽ⣬ɨӡ
һӺҶоطĵ̫ˣȻһ޴Ĺ״ǰխһͷһͷС
ҶڵϿشԼʢļط˳ͬʱյء
аȻܹ۳ĵˣǵʦֶΰѵǵʦǿ˲ɣ˾ǳ壬Ҷ̻ĵΣҲһЩѰĶ
Ҳǵʦ壡
Ҷҡͷ˵Լѧ˵ʦĶ
ʦԲܷйһ᳹ģģҫ֪˭
°׹Ҳ뵽ģϾ˭Ҳʱһֲ̫ˣδ
ʲô岻ģڰǰĻвٿѡĿ꣬˵ѡĸ
ȥ
°׹ۣ˫ֽӡƺڸӦʲôҶļʢĵطָһ
Ϊʲôʲô𣿡Ҷʵ
ܸӦؼһЩϢطӦһ£ӦзͬѰĺö°׹˵
ǺãǾȥ
˺ܿʹ˹ʶɽֱǸطȥ

Զʱҽ
Ƭɽ£һһɹ磬ϼεҲ֪жʿˣΪصҩ֣ΪһֵĶս
ŸտʼѾʮˣѪȾ±ڼ䡣
ᣬߣ
ݵʿʱʾϵһ棬Ҷ˲ǰС
˵үҸˮϴһζѬۣ°׹üݵʿ
ʵϣҶ˾Ҳŵˣֻû˼ڶѡ
ˣиֹ񱣬ݵʿǸˣеĹҲǺġ
úúãϴ˰ɣ
ݵʿһ죬һС˵ʵ²
ܿ죬Ǳ㾭һСˮ뵣ǳƽҲûʲôǿĻˮС
ͨ
ݵʿֱˮУԱȥٶһӣˡ
⡭
Ҷ˴һˮ̶䰡ΧҰôĻΧֲͱ˰ɣ
飡
ʱ򣬱ըݵʿֱĴŰӣĵүˣʲôˮ̶ˮ䣬
Ҷһ֦ˮ̶У漴һɴ̹ǵĺ˳֦㽫סˣŵϽ֦ӵˡ
ˮ̶ȷаţ׽͸
ôһ֣ݵʿҲȥˣϴôˣһ˼ǰߡ
Ȼнţȴûߣѡǰ·ʯ£ͼ˲Ѫʬ塣
λвڳûвδɱ䡣
ǰ·ʱҶ۽ͻȻһӰٶ֮죬𾪡
Ǹղſʲô𣿡
˾ͣһֵҶ˿ȥЩȻˡ
һӰһ֪ʲô°׹ɫص˵
ǲʲôӰǾβû뵽ⶫݵʿһأٴһ㡣
βѵ𣿡ҶҲˣǲûп˿ѯʵ
㲻֪βݵʿĿһۣʵڲš
ʱҶʶһ¾βʲôʱһ
νβǺǰ֣ǻ޶ޣ޸߼һѩףԳβ͡
ββ͵ʱͿʥˣ߸β;Ϳʥһ¡
˸βͿ׼ۣβĻǾ֤ʵȴۡ
ںĽ֮ˣû뵽绹һֻܳȥĻԻһѡ
ǻǰ߲ˣ
°׹Ҳˣһβ͵ĻٶҲ׳ȫû˿
һβҲܿģڳ϶оʥŵ۱ģȴ϶ǡ
ߣƴˣҾͲôùܹץһβѱĻǿɱʲô似ȵ۱󡣡ݵʿҧ˵
һ˼ǰУʱǰɱ죬һˣ˳˹ȥᣬһЩʥص̫ϳϣҲɱ
мֵĶ½֣һʥﶼҪˡ
ΣķܶʿԵҲеʱ໥սѺ͵ʱ˲ת䣬Եĺڰչţ




1446 ͵Ϯ
ɵгɱ¾ᣬݽ棬ΪһмֵĹŶǿ߶ֻΪڻҡ
Ҷǰʮһ޴ľڵبǰӡģɽӦоУϵ粻ܱ⡣
ط˺ܶʿомλڵǿߣǰˣһ˲˲Ķš
һͼĵǳأ
˾ʱ̣ʱ߲ˣվڲԶ
ʿ󣬱ȻĵϣҲһ֣;ͬ飬ڱϻһġ
ȻͼȻģ򣬾Ǿʥ˿ҲѴвʲôͲǸġ
ݵʿҡͷ˵ͼ̫£Ҫ޳ɣҪһ㡣
ҶϸۿͼȻ徲Ϊûκ׷
˷أط죬취Ȼ
ҶųȻ֮ڼ֮࣬ɽˮ֮䣬Ҳһַǳõѡ񣬿Ȼ֮ȴ޷
޷򣬸͸
˶ҡͷ̫Ʈˣ˶صΪ
ͲǸ࿪ĹѪô޳ɣɣǾǲľʯˣûνһ벽߾ǿһ˦ӣתȥˡ
ৣ
ͻȻһâ͸գͻأ֣ݺݵشҶıϣɳȥʮԶײ˾ϡ
䣡
ұ˲ѿһεĴ󶴣ҶֱӱУû棬֪жô
飡
ʯѿҶ˳һѪͷҲɢԵøǱ
˭
Ҷŭգ˫⣬콣һɨӡ
ûеκˣȻ͵ϮһâһͨڵʿͱһΪˣ

һɫսìգһâͻأֱ֣üĶȥԵ
ﬣ
һΣҶзӹȰĺƣһȭìϣҵսìһһ۶ϣһѷ
̬ܴ͸ǿߵĽȻһȭˣ
һôôǿǿǽֱӱˡ
ɽ޳ɵΰɣ
һĻΧȫɵˣղǵâڵǿߣȴҶһѪѣսìҲǽȴͽִˣ
Ҫ֪ͨڰ
ͻƵĻô
뵽⣬һЩҲеסˣ̫ǿˣǵʥвܴ
ԶһȺĿɿڴ˵ˣǶ˽ԭΪһҶȻ𣬲ֻһѪѡ
ôܲ˵ǣһɺѣȴҶͽֻٵһҲ̫˼ˣ
ϾǿߣҪͽֻٵһ
ҶС
һڵֳһݺҶȥ·һɫġࡱ֣Ȼҵˡ
ݣҵ˾ȻҲˣ
ţ
ҶͷһݣɨӣԴûһԴҲ˵Ļֻ·ˣ
ãûзԴӰûеҶʱƾ⼸ϣҪɱܣҲС
Ҷģɣ
ǿмҵĵӣ׷Ҷɱÿһ˶ﵽڣֱһǿ
ৡ
ͶһҪҶߣ
ϧûʲôã޷ոͶµ˲䱬ըĥڿС
ﱾǿĽƣû˿ԷУҲûƣκƶУȫĥˡ
ΧסǧҪˣ
ҵ˱ǰлλǿߣס˼ȥ·Цǰ
ұϾһоԶĴ壬Ȼ޷ʥȣȴҲˣôвǿߣֻҶûмˣ
С֣ɱ֣Ϸ㣡
ƽɫԴܣȻʮңȴҪһʵɲ⣡
ɱ̫ˣܾĥɣ
һȺ˰ǿʩչ򣬲㽫ҶֱȥһǵսҶ̫ˡ

ݵʿڰỤ̄ܿ㶨ڣкҶ˾°׹
𣿿
˾󴸣Ҷ˵Ҷֵܱţ㣡
˵䣬ײһڵǿߵ֮Уд˷糵Ӳˡ
ۣ
ҵǿ߻ûӦͱ˾һ˫ҳ࣬ڷȻģȴȫԽսȻҲһš
ҵˣҵģԹĺˣ
Ҷű͵ϮһЩˣȻ޴󰭣Ȼŭ
𣡡
ҶһȣֱӽһɽԶ˶Ŀ࣬һ°͡
⻹̫̬˰ɣ
ղѾˣȻ
еĴҲδô
ɽɾľɿҲɽɾǿȫͨ࣡
ܶ˶ۣҶʵ̫ˣǿһɽ尡ǿҲδǿɣ
ȥ
Ҷתֽ̧ɽ˳ȥҼͨǿҳࡣ

⼸ҵͨǿƺĳЩطȻס꣬ɽ˳
䣡
ʱҶ˫ۼâ֮գۼ佫ʧȥļ˵Ĩˣ⼸˳״ʧˣתͶ̥ĻᶼûС
ɱ
ҵѾɱۣһʧôˣǵڵѪ

ƽӰ磬Ҷɱȥ
ҵ飬ȥ
ҶҲˣƴʧɱɢȻ
ˣ
һǵصĺɫӡݺݵĽҵļǿ棬ڵʿҲסֱӱĳˣʧȥս
ʱ˾Ҳڲϳ֣ҵһЩڵǿ߻ɱ˫մѪԵø壬εɱ¾һ㡣
°׹ˣһС壬ȻԺԺ֮Ĺϵã˿ֻŽᣬпջ
ݵʿҶˣеâֱӽһҵǿУˡ
ʲôɱ
ܶ˿ݵʿ̶һȣ鱦̫ǿˣȻֱӽһڵǿ߸˻ҽǻ

ݵʿֻһαٴνŵĨͣǰ·صȥ
ߣ·ţҶСҪƣ
ƽŭбһɵâһɽ嶼ֱˣ
䣡
âһɽбǿһɹӷ϶д۵Ϣ




1447 ŭȼ
ɸ
֮أ
Ƿˣܶ˶ǱӿȥһȺ˴֣ҽڶܶʿڻҡ
ৣ
һ콣ɨˣ֪˱һɨѪԶĴʧˡ
۱

ʳˣһлɹ⣬ǱֱӽɽٴһЩ㹻߽ȥ
ʱ򣬸ǿ߶ˣۼʥ˻ʼʥ
򡢱ĸʳ塢ʥءϴڵ˶ˣ
˵ǿ֮һδۻᣡ
ξۻѪΪ׺ģ̫ʿⳡսµĶû˲ۺ졣
ÿһۣ߶޾ıе۱ҲпôۻڶҩЩκһʿ
Ҷģܣ
ƽĿѣҵǿʧǰǰͣܲŭڣ
ڸղŵĻսУҶ˾ˣ°׹ݵʿҲˡ
ЩϾһģЩʿҲųû٣ǿ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ЩǾţһëѣҲҵôˣȴûܽҶɱܸģ
Ϊ𣿡
Ҷһ˫ۼâһӣֱӴӵ¾нһһצƽȥ
ǵʦֶΰѧѰ
°׹СųOͣӹµµתƺڴʲô⡣
ѧһ㣡
Ҷһ㲻ϣѧѰǵʦȫûκιϵ
ϣѰѨĿɲֹһңⷽˣҶѧܴʲô
Щʥغ͵ҲͬˣԣĳЩʥҲ˻ѰѨ
䣡
ƽŭһֱӽɵɢˣ
УҶһϲеĵطսͲҪֻ̫ҪܹԽ״ս
֮ҶҲûκη壬˫ֽӡһɽӴӡУֱƽȥ
Ҷһη쭣ɱɢֲϵĳҲķﳹ˺ǿһƴʵ
޵У
ƽһڵǿߣʩչ򣬸˷Բǧ׵ֱӽ˽ȥ
򣿿򣡡
˾ҧ⣬һѪһһ˫󴸻Ӷ磬ȥ硣
˾Ѿǰ벽ǿˣЩʶҲǿߴս˷ḻս顣
°׹Ժһ£ų⣬첻κ˺
οҲ˺°׹Ϊ°׹δޣҪǣ°׹»ʳС»ʳַӾҳ׳Ϊʷ
ݵʿ͸ˣûչֳκȴܹȥ磬˿ûӰ쵽
Ҷ¹â˸޼᲻ݣƾܹͻ
飡
˾һһǿߵϣҵһ򣬲Ե
䣡
ͬʱҶ˽ǰʩչȭһȭϽɫȭͷſֲ֮һ㡣
ȭɽգصǿߵؿڣ
ۣ
ǿ߷·𱻻޺ݺײһ£һѪɫɷףҲάֲȥˡ
°׹ͷϵһɫ¹⣬콣һ㣬ֱӽüĶˣ걻ɱ
ǵľ粢ߣȴڵǿ߶Сģƽˡ
Ǿʲôͷ
Զ˿һĻŴɣӲɳ
ǿҲҶܹˣˣ£ͱŰɱˡ
ܿ죬ҵǿ߾ͱˣֻʣƽԼڿ֧֣˿ڵĳӶˣû뵽ҶȻ֮죡
ۣ
Ҷһȭӳƽһ򣬻һ󰵵
飡
˾Ҳ˫趯糵һ㣬ƽҵ죬°׹ͷһ¶вһ¹һ콣նס
ȻˣɵĻݵʿһһֿ͸ĸоҪߡ
ݵʿеǸⰻȻ̣ɵѡ̽һͬ˶սȥˣ
ɱ
Ҷһг׵ǹǹâ£ǹɫĵâ˸ɫĻ𻨡
ۣ
Ҷȭ߶׵ǹһȻǹϣ·һζһֱӽƽˣ

ƽҽһѪɫʾҶһǹ˾޴˺֮Űƻ
ֲĻһۣ̺ؼĴ֮ҶҲвŴġ
̫ǿˣȴҶܹƵģ˵ʲôʱ֣̫ܳǿˡ
ԣҶѹû뵽ĽһǹƵƽ
ৣ
һͻأĳƽ̥ԴΣޣȴڿٵĿήš
ҶС֣ɣ
ۿ֧ƽԾӲ˫ԹĹâ
ϧ㿴ˣ
Ҷ˫ۼ⣬üѿ˸һӡٷŴƽѹ¡
ȥ
ƽˣҶɵӡסȼ̥ûá
ɻǵС
ӡѹʱƽͻȻЦ˵һ仰
Сǰôˣ
ҶһԺֳСɰӡ
СԪ壬ʺҶʯ壬ԭΪû֪û뵽ȻҴ̽ˡ
û£ʯȫˣ˵Ǵʥ飬ϧˣûбǣǴȥ֣֮
ƽЦ÷ǳ죬뵽ʲôĵһ
ʲôѪϴʯ壿Ҷȭͷ߬ýģ˫һһٵʵ
ûҲμǳѪϴжһɱ˶үүôɱҲı䲻
ƽ֪ԼɣʲôҲˣֻҪܸҶ˺ʲô¶Ըɡ

Ҷŭӡ䣬ֱӽƽ˷ɻңֱɢڷ
Ҷ
˾û뵽Ҷ˳嶯ֱӳ֣ӦʱѾˣҶѾƽ˷ɻңҲĨˡ
Ҷ̫嶯ˣҲͶ֣һ⼤ŭأ
°׹˫˸Źâ˵鲢ûмô㣡
Ȼ֪ҶǸСʲôϵԼܹףƺ˼Ӷˣо޺죿
Һǣ̫ˣ
ҶУӦ뵽һ㣬ӦɽǱŶԡ
Ͳ̫ˣһеȳȥ֮˵Ѿɱˣ֪ľҲˣǻǾȥѰԵɣЩëʣ£
ݵʿҶļ򣬰ο




1448 ҩ
~
°׹ݵʿĻҶһƽһ飬Ȼ˼롣
ҩ
Ƭ֮Ⱥһ󾪺
ǰһƬâŨҩ㣬봫˵еҩʮơ
ಡ
úܶΪ֮ƶ˻һѣһеɶӿȥ
ÿһ߶һҩ֮ҩԼˣԻѰԵˡ
Ǵ֮أǴ۵ĶһҩҲǷǳпܵġ
Ǻǰ磬һжͺǰûʲôҩȫпڲ˴ŵ³ڴˡ
ϣûʲôֵܵסʱʴ۶ˣΨҩ㣬ÿһҩǶһ޶ġ
ҩ̺вܣԣۣʱ򣬶оҩͼҳ
ÿ˶ʧˣûһǴ۵ıҲı
ܿ죬Ҷһ⴦ɶĿռǳ̨ͤ¥кͰɽ˼ɾ
Ȼ
İͽ챻ˣ
ܶʿ໥֣䣬գܶ˶ʥ̥Ի˳էһ·кܶ޳һ㡣
һʱ䣬ѣڷɣףȸ裬ݷ硭
ֻڴ˵гֵޣʥޡ޶ˣ
мһ࣬ܶ˶ڴսҲ⵽֣֮˹
ֻҪƬɸûܹǲսҲûãսڼѪ꣬ҽڶ
Ժ͵ԺҲǿߵǴ˿̸͹˲ϱҶЩˣһԹ˲Ͼ
ৣ
׹һһһµŮһ֣һֱ㽫һ벽߾ǿ
Ȼ󡭡
Ŀ֮£һſڣ³һ⣬Ӳ벽߾ǿָСֱӶ
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һĻ˶һԾԶ˺ܶ࣬Լ١
ɱ
һʥ֣߶Ƶĵ۱ɨһƬɱ⣬Ůɨȥ
ৣ
ŮӿȣԭһӰֱʧˣ󣬲ԶִһҽУһǿ߱Եˡ
ʲôˣô˿ֲ
ʲôʿȻˣҿһֻްɣֻ޳ζѣ
ʿΣ׷ӻҶھԶλãûԸվһ
ңʲô޳ɾˣ
һóһʽ׾ʵ޻ľӣʥ˵
ǡ
һʥɾû뵽߾Ȼ̫Ŀǡ

Ҷɵҡͷһ磬˵ҲһľӣֻҪյֱֳܹԭΣ֪ǷҲĹܡ
Ȼ洫˵еıһҪúñ棬õˡǶԸ
֮Ĵսر˻ԵĴŤתǬʤ
˵žʧˣû뵽ˣĺƽҪˡǴϣˣ
ܶ˶ۣҲŮӵĻҲûá
·֪ǿܹ˺һŮҲûг֣·ƾʧһ
ȻȴҵģɸУΣأ˶ͣ
˳ҩζһտĵطǰԶһҩɫǳ֣ҩŰ̬ҩŨҩǴɢģ
ҩ𣿡
߽ʵ˫Ĺâһһҩȥ
ҩҩаҩҩЧˣܹ׹ǣ٣
ȻҩȴҲĹЧҩһҲֵܵһҩˣ

һϣʱʿûκƵ̰ɱ˫ۣҲʧȥ˿־;η

ʥͬʱ֣Ҫҩ˻ɱˣʱЩѬĵĵһ飬ͣ˽Ų
ҪԺһʥص̫ϳϵУվ˵
ƾʲô֣
ǣһֻаҩôˣͷֲ
ƾֶɣ˭˭ģ
һȺ벽߾ǿ¼λʥҩˣʱûʲôˣһ̥壬׷׳֣ҩȥ
һЩԪ̫ϳǸǷǻָЩҩ˭ڱƴ
ЩϹŶԪ࣬ʵȴֲԺʥ棬һֳȫˣŲȱ۱ľʥ岻סˡ
Ҷûв뵽УȻʵܹǿۣҪھʥЩ̫ϳԵڻڰͲܳɹ
ݵʿ˫۷ų⣬費Ĵչȥ̿ٱǬңԷ˸Źâת˲һڶ̽һֱ֣ӽһҩγûͼС

һʥһ⣬ϣȴڶȫˣ̽һ¾ʧˣ
ۣ
ݵʿϽ˳һֱ˵ҶߣŲһǵѪ˵̫ΣˣڶʳĲһġ

ҶĿɿڴû뵽ݵʿȻôǿ󣬾ȻܹӾʥжᵽһҩֱ漣
䣡
ۼʥһȭɣһ벽߾ǿֱӴ˷ɻңǿûá
ǿƳ֣һҩҩҲıϷˣûе۱ļûа취ᡣ
ҶСû뵽㾹ܵˣ·㲻ߣηǳ겻ɣ
ҲˣڸղŵУûе۱壬ǲûҩȴҶӰʱۺˡ
䣡
һڵǿ˿ûнҶûκηϻֱӳ֣һȭ
ৣ
ҶûӦսֱӽŲ׷ǲٶߣﷴûܹУٶȣκˡ
˶ڣһ˸޷⡣
֮⣬˵治ұϾԼĸ׵ңȻȺԼĸף˶ˣ
ͬ˵պҶǺֹϵ˵
ˣҶѪصʱҲŹ졣
ҶСοĶܣ
ų֣һ׷ȥҪֽҶе
ҵľѧ⴫κ˶У˭ֻҪѧҵ似ֻ·һ
Ȼ
Ŀɿڴǣ׷ȥ֮ȴҶѺڤڤ֪ˣ׷ȥԻҶûϣˡ
Сӣٶôô죿һǲ˸ҽץŲҶٶô죬ʩչش󷨣ҪҶҳ
Ȼ
ͽ͵ģż﷭תˣȴëҲû֣




1449 
𡭡
һԼɣ鲼ɫ̵Ĺһβһ˦һɽ÷飬ʯգ
ء
һͷǣɽС쳤Хеƶ䶼ɢˣһâмȥеһͷ쳣ķ
ͷ˫һչаɣգһƬ޴һ㣬ͷϵķڼѾķˣʵĹâ
꣡
һһķ𣬿գһӽĹâɢˡ
໡
һƬɽ߳һëĺɣҲʮɸߣһһ㣬ϰԵ˫ȭؿ˼£һ̵Ļȥ
ЩҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
⣬Ҷһʯ󣬿Ща𾪡
ʱǰɸԹ֮ͬ죬䡣
ɵУɸ̫ˣֻһȻпдµĶȴ̫Σˡ
ڶҸᡣ
һ棬ĸ׵ңĸ׺ԼˣԼҲҵѪҺ
һ棬޲ýҵЩȫɱԱԼĸ׵˸ҪƤң
ΪǷݾᣬԸҾʵ̫Σգ˳
ҵģ˭ҲܸһƽĲն飬˵
õ𾳵鱦൱ʥˣ̣Ǵ𲻴Ӧ
̵Ļһ̹â˸ÿһ̶·һ콣һ㡣
˵öԣǴҵģ˭Ҳ̣ܽȫսܣҲŸ͡
ҶѾʱˣһֱûߣ˺ܶõϢƬһ꣬⼸죬ķӡͣ˿ʧЧԽѰ
˵һ벽׼۵ǿߣıǾԴ۶Ҫĵɲļɡ
ǾۼΪҪõʥһõԼϣǾһɱԼĹͷһء
⣬ҶҲע⵽ȷһܴλӦþѹϣҪ˼
Ƭ֮£кܶȴûʯֻõĻпŪһЩ
ϴ跥ë̥֮Ч߾µʿйЧѵõ䡣
һЩʳҲдǸҵʿõģһ˸ûʸ
Ȼˣ۱ӵһͱۣԵ޼䡣
䣡
սٴοͷ޴ѷѽ⣬ѪɽëƮ䣬ʷСɽĲǶˣҲܵ˺ܴĴˡ
֮սǳͷβĴսÿһҪͷޣս쳣ҡ
ҶƵĲߣ⸽ɽǻٵˣƬֱȼγܵɽ
ʷĻʯͷյֱ¶̫ˣϿӿݡ
ܿ죬ǴսĵطͱһƬɳĮɳĮ˹̵ҽͷޣһоʥʵͷһ𣬾һʥŲƵĵ۱ûá
ô
Ҷ۾Ŀͷ޴սʱһεεҶûͷ֪˭ˣɵһ̾Ťͷˣ°׹㲻ɸԵʲôץһȥİɣ
ۣ
°׹һЦ·ٻʢƤ˵ΪʲôܰôΪҺлԼ𣿡
ѵɻ֣
Ȼ֣˵ңԸʲô͸ʲôûԼҡҪ˵죬ҵ˶С죬ߣҸ˾͸ɫ˾Ͳɫ
ǸҶЦá
Ҿǵôˣû˸ǸС𣿡
°׹һЦ뵽ʲôһ˵תƻ⣬㻹ûʲôѵб
֣
ҶͷûأĿһֱŻսͷޣ˵СϻսĶ̫󣬲ݱǲ
Žмˣ
°׹һۣҪǲңҾʹһǣʱ֣

Ҷһͷ°׹治Ǹʡ͵ĵƣҪǲҽͷٵȻԵܿͻһĹ֣ĹиֱĿǰûб˷֣ȹĹֵʱ򣬳Ǵܣǽȥܡ
ô̼ҳôûĹأһҪȥ°׹һԾԾԵӡ
ȥҲУ̫ΣˣԼչ˺Լָչ㣬ʱҿԹ˲Ͼ
ҶڶʳΣգͷ޵Ŀ궼ǾҪɲô򵥵ġ
Ҷ۲ôãÿһԵҪ̾б˭ϵ¼׷ǲֻҪ֣ܵûġ
˭չˣԼչԼ
°׹˷ܵһֻСҶߣСԴļϲ䰡ģһŮҶı
ˣм˵̫Цˣ°׹ûü˵ʲô£ԼЦû֦Ҳˡ
ʲôôЦҶʵ
ҫХ鳱ϴˣұǹ·˵˻ˡϧûۿǳһǳ棡°׹ɫ˵
ҶӺߣϴҫХľ֪ܲ
ХǺδϵͦõϴˣôͦ˵ӣҶʵ
ߣǲһ˶µĻԼѣûоҵͬ⣬벻ϾͲϡ°׹ߵ
Ծ
һ°׹ҶߣСͷȻʵȾʥӦú;β㣬Ϊʲôû
ҶСѾͷƬ˼ݣҲע⵽ŮӵֶǾβûģʵԲǰͷ޲Ȼûһţⲻϳ
Ҳ˲ôˣŻмʱĹĽƾͻʧЧʱȻᱬڸǿսĻἸһ˲䡣
ʱУҶһֱѾ뵽һУ׷ɱʵû취˾һС
ΪˣҶֱһҩӴ壬ʵٴһЩ
ߵսȻңȴû̫˵ע⣬ΪǶɸµı
콥ˣһ̹ϣ»ǹ㡣
ͷ޴ս˼ʱ˿ҲͣڲϻȴĽʧһ̡




1450 Ĺ
λɸżģȻĪĻͬʱҲ̺ĪգʵΣ档
֮⣬кܶطûб̽ģһƬհף֪﾿ʲô
صҹԵƽ˺ܶ࣬ʿƬ֮صɸѰٴµĶƲ⾿λ
ЩҶϵˣ
ĲǴµĶۼĹ似УҲе۱
ľǵõ޸۱۱վãҪ콫۱޸
һӵ˵۱޾ĵطֱӸʥа壬ڻС
ˣ
˰ҹ»ˮֱ˹Ƭɽеһʣɹ뵣˱ǣûκɭֲĸоɾĸо
ǹĹɸ
°׹Щɵˣɭֲ龰ȫһ
໡
Ǵ̣״İɻжβһ飬ˣ¶һͭĹţ
ն
ſһ챾Դݺݵײͭϣһ죬ȴûнͭײ

߹ȥһΣʮɵСɣͭȥ
ȫܽһɽܣȴκβͭţ⣬š
ҵģ
ʷſһͭȼš
ͷ޵£ͭڱˣһ洵ڸգ¶ȶõ˺ܶࡣ
ء
ǵһȥȻȴ˳һӶĹ˳ͷ޴ս
Щ޷·˵֮ţһӶĹ߳·޾һ㣬ȥëȻ
˴ԼһӣĹûٳˣͷҲ˿ս֮У˭ҲѲ
ڣ壡
Ҷϳ֣Ų׷ǲһɭɭĹ֮У°׹Ҳ˽
ԭҶΪǺѣͲҳû뵽ǵ͹ĵۿôȻҸ
ҪҰ
ɭɭĹ֮°׹ŸоЩ£ĶҶ˵
รɣܹ˵ʱȻչ㣬Թ˲ϾĻҲָң
Ҷ̾һⲻǸƿʵӹɣʵǿҲǲеġ
໡
Ҷ°׹˸ոս룬һͷڵĹ˹һ˫צһ߳˸ڹ⣬Ҷȥ
һͨڵʿȻᱻͳڷ
Ҷȴ壬Ǵ֮壬Ǵ֮ǸֹĿǣ֮ǶԸ
ž
Ҷɫ֮һߣֲϢʱͷŵ۾ֵļˡ
㻹°׹ĿҶ
Щû֪ôԸû뵽ҶȻֶûֱ֣ӽˡ
ٷϻңҲұ֤İȫ
Ҷٶȼ죬˳ĹǰߣܿĹľͷĹľͷһʯţʯϵŸַģһɵķӡ֮ʡ
ʱӡ֮ѾˣǸ޷ʯţΧкܶڻǼɵҶϵ֮ĻͰ˺Ƭˡ
ڹĹҶûʲôоЩҲ˵ģһĵĹĹĹĹȫ£ţ༰Щ֪ʶòϡ
ҪͻʯžͱҪʯŴƲУֻƵƣҳпܽ俪
ԣ
°׹Ҷ׸˿Ը£վʯǰԺһһâ콣һʯϣһ죬ȴ÷ӡ֮ٴμһЩ
ҿ
°׹ЩϹҲסֱӴ߶ֱʯײȥ¹âɣֲϢ
䣡
ײʯϣֱӽʯײһʯźһ˶ĵļŵ°׹һ£Ʋס¡
̥𣿻ʲôر
ҶԾʵʯж̣ҪʯҲҪһֽŲУû뵽°׹ȻĴˡ
ܣ
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Ĺзǳ˵ĽŲ˸ⲻ
ৣ
һɫӰӺڰͻأĳ֣°׹Ϯȥƺ֪Ҷǣֱӱܿ
飡
ҶһȭֱӽǵɫӰˣȴûд飬ûнش
ʱҶſ壬ɫӰȻһֻɫҹ棬糤ɫһ˫צ˸ŽĹâ
ʲô°׹ҶСʵ
ҪĹĻ͸ұ죡Ҷɫصѵ
ҲǺ˵ˣҲûⶫѵһٵ°׹С죬һίӡ
Ҷûص˵Ƿҹ棬գĹбȽѲĽɫ
ৣ
Ҷйâһ׵ǹУǹɫ֮ơ
׵ǹȻƷȴԼģ̺ſֲ֮а֮ǿǡ
໡
ҹ泤һҶȥһ磬һ˫צӻա
飡
Ҷǹһɨɨȥ׵ǹǹâ䣬ɫĹâʢֱҹüļ䡣
ۣ
ûκҶ׵ǹֱӽͷҹüĶˣ֮ʹ֮
ֹĹеﱾһϿɣÿͻ췣ǲ
ҶĹвãͷҲ֪˽غˣ׷׷Щ׷˹ĹУһЩ·ﶼǱŰֱ˺ˡ
ҶҲû뵽Ĵ֮֮Ϣ˹ĹеаЩȻа
ûЩ赲ĻĸʥĻ׷ˣʱɾ֮ˡ
Ķʵ̫ˣ󣬺ܶʿҲע⵽
һܵľݵʿһٶޱȣ̿ףڴ֮زûбʥס
ܿ죬㵽ʿˣЩܶ˱ˣȻһĹ
ǱǴ֮أȻûиӦʱֻĵϣûҵ۵ʬҵһ̯ѪȻѾȥ˲֪ˣ̲ѪԾɳǿҵɱѰʿ޷
һʼΪѪǺ෽֤϶Ǵ۵ѪҺ˵ѪҲûϾͨʿдѾˡ
Ҳȫûջ񣬵ǵõһʥǲƵʥһָˡ
˵ĳλ۴ģҲû֤ܿλۣ˵˻ʴ۵ģ˵»ʴ۵ģ˵˻ʴ۵ģҲ˵Ǿ۵ģһ㡣
̯Ѫˣ˵Ǿ۵ѪҲûᡣ
ߵ黹û꣬ܶʿܵҶڵ⴦Ĺ˶׷˽ȥϣĹջ
Ǳ뾡ҵͺѵˣ
½ĹҶ֪ʱȣһض°׹˵
š
°׹˵ͷûߴߴ˵ͣǸҶҶǿıӰһ˿Ĺâ




1451 
Ⱥ֮УԨ
ֻ¶һĹţж˭Ҳ֪޷Ʋ⣬ۼĹУвĹгɱɱ֮
ʥأϴڵѾȥˣҲ󣬸չͨնɱǿдأ
ˣ
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ĹбȻвٵƷһ˭֪ǲܷͨ似ʩչ˳
Щ˻ϻ𡢷֮ȵȸֻ棬һվһƬƬ黯Ϊޡ
ɱ
ĴǺɱսңعǰʬأǿ£ܶ˶̤Ѫࡣ
ֱһʱɱŽҲ֪˶ˣǰһƬɺ죬ѪһγһƬŢ֮أѪˮӳҲ̶á
Ĺſڰɼˣ壬ŵʿɱ˽ȥ
λǻȥ𣿡
һʿɫף΢Ĳ
ǰϰˣɫѿЩŮʿŻ£ʵǿһֱԶۿֱʱǰ
ˣڶѾȫܹȥˡһɫ׵ʿڡ
̫ɲˣܹɳģع뻹иǿ顣˳ַ
գٲ˽ȥ󲿷˱ȽǣɽȣȥѰһԵȥˡ
һУҶ֪顣
˿̣°׹뵽˹ĵعġ
һ·ϣ°׹ʶⱲӶûмĸι״ʵ൱ǿûҶĻƾԼ˰ϡ
ʱҶʵеһʼΪҶжǿ󣬲ܹҳԱʶʶʲô˶ѡ
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Ĺеĸа֮ʵ̫࣬Ҳ̫ǿˣЩʵʥҶϢȴԶԶرܿǣû뵽ġ
ء
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ҶĽ⣬°׹ǵսľԴôģôʲô֪

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ȻʥȴѾʥ𲻴ˣϾɲļɵġ
𡭡
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ʱͷڸˣһ·ϻɱĹǸıʥѾõģȴû뵽˽غˡ
⣡
Ҷһæһ֣뽫
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ֵͬʱ°׹ҲˣҲõ
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°׹ЩƣҲ֪ҪҶ߾ǲܵģֻ˶Ρ
ҲͰˣҪߣĻ˭ˣ
ҶĶͷһǣ򹬵ȥ




1452 ֣
ңҸƴˣ
°׹СԸһӱˣצҶ˹
ô󣬻û˭ͷأ
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͸ұ죡
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Ҷһһ㣬ɫ֮УԸֹĹеĹﶼмǿãЩͲȫŭϡ
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ͷҲʾǵıǱСˣʵȴһҲٶȸˣЩ͵סǡ
ʿҲƴսܶ˶˺ˣѪζŨŻ
һЩʥصĳϼԦ鱦俪·չֳǿʵ棬յֱ֨֨У֮زز
УҶ°׹ңңȣͷ׷ᣬԾ־ڱصá
꣡
ҶͻȻһ죬ǰһƬƵĵشīɢļµϢ
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˵˶ˣûнϢǶϾûеظһɵĽ׶Σ˵УҲ˵ȫûС
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Ҷ˵ʱ򣬽һֱûͣؿݹǣһЩݹԲ࣬ĳֻ޻޵ġ
ôĵط
ҶЩ⣬ʱѾûбѡˣֻܴȥ·һ
ףи󶴣
ǰ˼ףҶͻȻǰĺƴһĿĳһ

Ҷһӱ㿴ôɵˣ״;ǳƣƺĳɽϢ
ѵþȥˣ
ҶɻˣһΪʲôὫӦͱ˰ɣ
໺𣡡
ͷ޴˿һ¶⣬׷˹ſһεĹâתҶն
״ĻҲӣ⣬ɱƱҪþ
ߣ
ҶɫǿȵĹһӲֱ°׹򱻺Ŀȥ
˿̣Ѿ֪ԼʲôطˣҲһ·ȥĻӽظѾ˲ˡ
ƴ񣬵ûǿкĻǽв֪ᷢʲôأ
ƴҶǰȻһƬãã׹ǣ·Գһһ㣬ԣһн磬Ƭɸе硣
˭ǿʵ
еٴοٳһС磿
нСȴǳι̣ոս룬Ҷ͸о쳣аϢǳŨ
໡
ڴʱҶͻȻһĺУֱ˵ϣ㽫𶯵Ĳˡ
ۣ
°׹һѪСҰף۾ֵܿȥѰԴ
ã
ҶһŵɫƬ˫ᣬͷϻһǣ˫ŰĹâĶˡ
ϲѾûôһ
Ҷо
@#%%
ͻȻڣߴﹾ˵һ󴮣Ҷ°׹˭Ҳ˵Щʲô
ǴϵİϢҪ׳ǵΪƷƽϢϵŭ𣡡
һ˿ûиҶʶ𣬺Ȼ°׹Ҳյ仰ɫһӱѿ֮
𡭡
ͷҲ˽һ۱㿴˵ֱ﷢˹
ϣ
ǳǿһӣֱӽץһҧ˺˹˵ѪǿʥĲȴֻͽ͵첻κ˺
ᣬҶɨһС磬־ǰԶһ׹Ǵȫİ׹ǶɣƺиֲаϢ
ͷȾʥĻͷиûз̶̼ӣͷǱ㱻ɵֻʣһѰ׹ˣӨİ׹ϻѪ
ͬʱܶʿҲ׷˽ǰһĻ˶ɵˡ
찡аﲻ𣿡
е̫ϳϳɵþ
۶սһЩ˵
ȻѾûˣǲŰǸĺڰǿ䣬ϣ
ȻˣҲͬԿʧأͬҲ˾޴Ĵۡ
СӣͻưɣΨٲܻٵ˶
ϳĬ˺ܾãҶ
һѵѡҶٷǳֲһɽٵĻڳܶ˿¶н綼סȻС
Ļһ׹ǴеǸаĴѹǾͲЩ˵ˣɸеҲⲻһ
ɸӳȥĻΣվ͸ˡ
뵽ҶԥֱԼʵƱǣ͵سͨڡ
ĻѾ㹻ٳûͻƣһʵʱ˿Ѿ˼ôˣ
䣡
˲併٣СҲβҶ٣һƬ׹·ֱһһɽͷ˷ɻҡ

ﾪֵĴУϵʬ巢ĳʬ֮γɵűϵ
̫쵰ˣ
ʱɽ٣ⲻҪǴҶȥ𣿡
Ƿ׷ȥ׶Կ٣ԼٵĻǱɵġ
٣һŵרܶһӶûо٣һɽٸͿס
Ҷ°׹ͷһɫ£ȫˣ·һƬ֮һ
Ҫ𣿶ɽҲ˵һҿرɱҾˣ°׹צҶ˵
ҧҶڣǴ˿ȴ첻ΪҶ׺ģٷǳֲҪʱ̱֤ܹɱԼȻŶɽ١
Ǹˣ
Ҷչ׷ǲǸ׷˹ȥ׺˸Ÿ׹⣬ּһƬ׹︲Ƕȥ




1453 һɽ
ҶģҲŹ㣡
Ƭ̱ˣԼ˷ɻңڷ
ڲϵݣҲһЩ뵽УԿ٣Լ٣Ҷһ׹Ǵɱȥ
˿̣мʶǿ߶֪вԶҶҪöֻ࣬ҪܽɱˣٶĴ۶ֵõġ
Ժ͵ԺҲвٵͨ;ɵأǲûнƬع
ҲҾͲˣܱɣ
°׹һҧȥɱرȫԿ١
䣡
ٽ£ľˮɫַ°׹һ߶ԿԼ٣һߴһ׹Ǵɱȥ
໺𡭡
׹Ǵڿ񱩵£˲˷ɻңаϢһͷԼɵӰ׹Ǵĵ˫ڶһ㣬ȫԿ١
ৣ
˽Լ̥ҲԻһɽ٣ʹԼʵֻҪͦ٣ʵᱩ
ͬʱҶʶУһ˸
ҶһΪһ¶ؽײȻ˶״̬
⡭Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
û£ܶ򣿡
̫ˣ
ɽٵĿɿڴǶɽٵʱȫԿ٣ҶȴжˣҲ̫ˣ
飡
һƽһڶɽٵǿĳ˷ɻңǿҲκβ
ǸɫƬ˫вҽвѣŻɫʬˮޱȣһ̴ð
䣡
ػˮĴͬʱ٣ƤƬ׷ɣͷϵĶǶˡ
ػˮת·ڿһ磬лУÿһ˿ѹһɽ롣

ﱻûڣɫʬˮҲˣϵ˫Ҳˡ
ͬʱ٣ٵֲ֮ƬСۿҪ֧Ųסˡ
߰ɵҲصչˣûѪܵģǣϵѪҺǺɫģڹ˸ϢӰ˵ǡ
ৣ
Ҷ˫ۣ˫лٵһڴӣĵ˸ѵһɸߵ档
߶һҪʹ췣ҪӰ٣ǱӰ죬Ǳ
ʲô
һЩǰʱˣѾӵ㹻Զľ룬תۣܹ׺з飬һ𾪲ѡ
С֡
ҵļѣҼǿڸղͻб˼ҲǱӳ
ҶڸңҾͲ˵õˣǲˣ°׹ĥű౴Ҷ˵
Ǻˣ
ҶģԼղŸ򵽵ڸ°׹
һ棬ܵõ°׹ȷҲæ
ΪҪǣҪ°׹һͬԸпɥڴˣ
İɣ½ˣ
°׹ѩܿ˫ֻһڶﵹ棬ʼ
飡
ɸߵһצӽٽ֯ɵĴӴһǱĴӳ
ҶֲģһЩͨ۷壬ٶûôֲ˼˺
ৣ
Ҷйâһٽ֯ɵĳУңٽ֯һγһ֧
ಣ
Ҷ£ವһüȥ
˼㣬ʵһƾܽҶĳɷɻң٣ҪȫԿ
꣡
ɵļʸųβüķȥһӽĴצ䴩ˣâҲð
ۣ
³һڹ⣬ʸˣڹҶҪ
Ȼ
ֲ̫ˣڹ⻹ûǰͱĥˡ
漴Ҷٴʩչһʮ棬Ҷкһæ
УҶҲһЩ򵥵Ŀٵķȫ٣ʼ
飡
׽֯ɵĴ飬˫˳Ѿˡ
ܣ̻ûͬأ
°׹һ߳˫ֻٴԽ׽֯һھҶߵǿھһģһɫϢࡣ
һʥٽ֯ɣҲһ˿ʥϢǳǿ۵һٴν档
߰˸һɽ٣׳ۣܶ˶Ŀɿڴʵ̫ǿˣͲմȾģٵķΧ٣һ
ÿһ׹ⶼɽ֣ǽ£ֱģһƬ٣С綼ˣռڱһɽ뱻кֱԶʧˡ
쵰СӲǸոնɽΪôô죿
ɬϴҶһ·ȻҶС
Źȥ೤ʱ䣿
ҶȻٴͻˣٶȾˣúܶʥӺ͵ǿ˶ܵ˾޴ѹͽȸС
жǿ󣬶Ҫҵ⴫κ˶Уʥƽдɭɱ⡣
ɩһ𲻻°ɣ
쵣ĵĿʥһۣԴҶ°׹һʱͱܵԤеһЩֹֻ
޷ֻҪˣӭж⣬Ųµġ
ʥĿһۣʺһ㶼ǲŬ

һûͦԼ٣һ⣬һٽ£ɷɻңԶϳˡ
ˣ
ٽ֯ɵľͻȻܿƵķ˲СС
⡭
°׹ÿٺˣһϼӽ䱸ӣû뵽ıʣ
ججأһر䣬ɶڣշ֪˭
ڣЩط¶ͷˣϵѪҺȴб˺ɫ
⾿ô£
°׹ɵˣҶĸǿҲɵˣû뵽Ľ
ҽж͸ˣû뵽پȻʶȻˣȻҪʲô
·Ħһ̶ÿһֶǳ
ҲӡɣҪԼ
˵꣬ٽ֯ɵʮȥҶҲѹ档
ˣǰһţ벽׼ˣû뵽Ȼһ
ǰ
Ҷɫһ䣡
Ȼôӣʲô䣿
ҶбҪ
ʲôҪ˵ˣҵʱ䲻࣡
ҶĻ˫ۼâҶ˫ۣһξӡҲһܡ
Ȼ
ӵξӡҶо𣬶ԥĴʮҲѹ棡




1454 ɱ
еСУңСѾڱıԵˣʱпܱ
ҶУɿ񱩵ٹϴһĻ˰ߺ޲ѡ
Ҳ̫̬˰ɣɽٵģ
٣ǿ˶Ҫ̣Ҷȴܵӣܲ䣿
°׹˫Ҷϣ̫ܵ⣬ԭΪһѵһţڿϵ̫ˡ
䣡
СҲסǿ٣Ȼ飬ٵǿˣҶϵתе
໺𡭡
״ĻûпԼ٣ϵļ̼һ콣ɨ٣ÿһⶼɽϸջˡ
ɱ屻ɸӣѪɺӣȾ˴أڵ޺˶ˣڷ
ԽԽǿϵɽ뱻ɷɻң¶ؼ䣬ĹҲˣŲϵе
ء
𶯣â䣬һϢƣ׹˸洫󲫶ԣҶ˵֮⣬Ҳڸش
飡
ըɸߵޱȣĽڣѾģˣһαսľͷһ
Ҷ׽٣ɱѾʧˣ׳ɻңҲش㽫նˡ
໡
﷢Ũҵֿ٣ڿٱСԱĽӴ٣̻̲գ
ٶ˺Զȶʿ˺Ϊݡ
λֵܣȳˣҵҪˣ
һҶк˳ҶٷΧԶԼɽȥˡ
ҶֵܣҲˣ
˾ҲҶ˸к󴸣׽˳ˡ
ܿ죬׺оֻʣҶ°׹ˣ°׹һҲҶСǴ٣ͨ١
Ȼû׼֣ΪҲ޷˵Ķɽˣ˿ȫԿ٣Ͼˡ
ҶٵԼ˫ۣ˫⣬ɽصƶȫˡ
°׹һԵҪҪ
ҶͻȻڣԽԽˣܾɱѱҪ°׹ȫ֡
ʲôԵ͸ң˵
°׹ȻҶƽ޹ʵ͸ԼԵһ
㼸ҪҪ
ҶЦ˵ͬʱҲûǼ׷ɱÿһ׽٣·ţ
֪
°׹Ϊ⶯ʿʣ̥ǵĹЧ԰ʿȼƷʯҪѰĻǿǴԵˡ
һɱˣʹȥѰ
Ҷйâһ׹һ׵ǹʩչ߱ǹе죬񹥹ȥ
˿ǱȫԿ٣ûҶ֣мܶ
ۣ
Ҷ׵ǹ֮ݺݵͱλã𶯣񱩵֮ӿڡ
ͬʱ°׹ҲˣһСӵ״üĶһ

ҽвѣȴûȥԾڲϵˣ
ɾʥܵشҲǱɣǿܵشȻû
ҿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
Ҷ֪ԼٻԶûнԽԽֲؽ׽٣ÿһ˿ܽһɽ飬Ͳź䲻
䣡
һ׽٣кһҶĿ£ݺݵȥֱӽԴˣɫ֭ҺɽȻûԽ
׹ඥˣ֫ɢɣѪģֲ
Ż
°׹û³ⳡ̫ˣϺ֮⣬ûκƵĵط
׹УЩѪ⾹ȻԾ䶯ţûгȥҶΪȣ
Լû뵽ﾹȻҲУٶĻǿɾֲ̫ˣ
ҾͲɱ㣡
Ҷˣ޾׹⽻֯һ«״У
𡭡
«е⾹ȻŭëȻȻҶĲ£Щڱ˷ɻҡ
ַЧ°׹ҲЧ£˲սеⶼ˷ɻңﳹˡ

ҶŵԣԼ֮ǰ׼ļȥٵİ£һ·ڽ˵¡
ܿ죬ҶһͷλãһСӣʮ˸߲ʵĹâƻãÿһζĴָСݡ

°׹ϲѣֱȡǴľҪ̫ˡ
ͶͬȶʯԸǿѰɽأδҲѰΣҶһ־ʮΣԵĴֱʡ
һĻòۺ첻ѣû뵽ҶȻѰôֱˡ
ܶ˲֪ҶѾѧѰܾȷĶλ֪ͷʲôط
ɽȫƻˣû취ٸɽصĵòȥжڡ
˵ˣܹǻģԼܣѱѰǵʦпܶס߲пܻ
Ѱ֮ҶǿҲòȫԿټѰˡ
°׹ٿҪˣҶ˵һ֮󣬱ٷΧԼȥɽˡ
ôڶɽ٣ݲеĲˣܶ˶עĶ
ԺĸԺҲˣӥҲˣԺĸԺִҲˣһвԺǿߣԺĵӲᱻ˰ˡ
鲻ûԺ͵ԺľӢЩԸҲһЩСЩɢޣǱ뱣֤Щ˵İȫ
۰˻
Ҷɱ֮󣬺ܶ˶ڶֳ죬һЩʥ⶯þǶﶼδȫˡ
ڣҶʧɹͻƵͨڣʵʵħ
УҶ鿴һ¶ԼǶξӡ౻Ӱ첢ƵľҶëȻ
ԭһаȻκƣȴɱ¾Ĵʣǵʶֻɱ¾
һȼɭϵᣬҶɱǰģʵǿڸߵȵĴڡ
~
ҶһҿˣﶼôֲĻһ֣༸ûκεֿ
Ҷʧ֮ǰ°׹ʧˣѩŮһ㣬˸ʥĹԡ
ʱѾǿˣһǰУ»ʳȻϲ
Ҷģ
Ҷոնɽϣһͨ۷ӱɱһȭɽա




1455 ʥ
Ҷٸոսˣ
ס֣
һĻ˳ֹ
ৣ
ҶӰһʮɣܿҵӣ˵Ҳɱ㣬ҪҶ֣
˵ʲôѧȭҲûãҲǾ۵ĴˣҴԲѵ˵ʲôҪɱңҿɱң
߳ŭٴλȭҶȥ

ң뱻𣿡
ܶһʥʩѹɫѿû뵽ɱһҶȻŭ
ɶ
ѹʥֻȷŹҶԺ˵
ԲɱҶɱȫ඼д󹦼һŴ󵶵ߺʥš
һģͺЩƣеĳȻе۱ϢʥȴĲˡ
˭ֻ֪ƾϲãһе۱֣Ȼˣ¾Ŵ󺷷Ҳ˼һ֣Ҿռˡ
ҪǣҶոջɱ඼д󹦼ǿҲð֮踣ھͶҶ֡
ʲôڱĳˣղɱʱʲôطһܵӻ죡˾һ˫󴸳Ҷߣֱʥ
ûɱʱǶж֣ھȻҪҶ֣ҿб°°׹Ҳվ˳ʥɫһ㡣
°ףûʲô£ղ㲻Լİȫȥɱһûأ»ʳĻһ°׹˵
ô˵»ʳδ׼ң°׹ײʥҲܿѿ
ûӳȥĻᷢʲôѵ㲻֪𣿡°׹ӻĻ
㡭
»һȻ֪һӳȥĻɸżеûһܻȥȴܳϡ
˵Ҷ˾ڳˣ׼ۣûߡֲ̫ˣ
䣡
ԶɸͻȻһ죬ţӰ˳˸߿գûرըˣڷ
ʲô
ܶ˾ɸȥԣ֮صɸ˱ʣ˶ˣﻹѰһԵǴʲôƣĲҾ緢
ȥ
Ƿ׷ɸȥ˽
ǡ
ɸ֮Уܶ˶ˣԭΪѾ˾ͷɸʯڱˣͨһ嫵硣
н磡
һ׹ʣǴ۵ֱʣ˴֮⣬ֻɲܴһ嫵硣
尡ɸȻгɵ
ǷˣΪнһ𻯷ɵϢƺĺйء
϶д۴ɷ֮ıݣӶɽˡ
˶Ϊɸɽйأһӵ룬õԵշ


ô
ҽ˷ϵһƬ޳һʬݶһ
ˣβٴγˣȥʥ۱ǰ
ܶ˴ٴ˳ɫ԰ף̶һ˲䣬ѾڷǾβ·ػһ㣬κ˽롣
βٴγˣһҪеɳоʥݣŲƵĵ۱ɱ˽ȥ
ҲʥŽƬУѰҾβټ
ܿ죬ҶҲ˽Ƭ磬ԺĸԺڣҲʲôСİȫ⡣
һƬ磬Ҷ͸оһִζʱɸżӲ
Ρ룬治ľȴϻƣ裬ƢķҷƮ
ɵĻӦþ˼ɾ˰ɣ
ܶڸпĻһֵĹЧ
ѹǰٶȻô죬ӦþǺ֮ǰıԴĻ벻ٶѣ
ৣ
еʮλȺ󣬻һƬ⸩һֲվ˵ǰ棬Ŀ䣬Ѱžβټ
ʥ
˾УǰԶһ±£ʮͭ͸϶ص⣬󰵵
һƶȻѳʮ飬̵Ʋûĥ𣬻ܷʥ
һۿ͸ʥﶼ궯ˣǰɱʥһ޸ܲɹû˲ģ
ͭȻˣֻѶѣصۻڣڲ˯дӵġ顱

ͭѳΪһƬҲһ鱻죬Աʮ˻Ѫ
̫ˣʥȻ鴫
ûп־壬ӵˣһȺǰ壬а˼λ벽߾ǿߡ
ৣ
оʥˣòƵĵ۱âһɨƬɽ˷ɻңܶڷ
ۣ
һ벽߾ǿ׵У۱ĹâɨУûһ˿ֱ֮ӻһƬѪ궼ɨˡ
۱ȻˣڣҲƴ취޸ĵ۱˵˿̸еĵ۱ȻƣѾָ˼

һƬ໥ײһ𣬷ʥȻס˵۱ߵļȴˣˮֱӽһƬѪڷ
ǾʥļϵˣǲƴһƬȻд
ܹһ𣬳޸˶һ˭ܵ
Щ벽߾ǿ߼ˣľʥͷϿգδȥݺ¶ûе֣
Ҷûв뵽֮У֪֮͸ȣ̫ˡ
ҲһûŬҲõͼһ飬ϧûܳɹ
Ѱλĸ֣˳ͻӰ£˭Ҳûгɹ
ѰһԽõսֻҪĵطսֱܣ򲻵Ѳʩչ
飡
ݵʿ˫ץ̣йâ˸ȻһƬ
λĵүʲôͷȻܹڶʳӸһƬ
ܶ˶ԾĿݵʿۺ첻ѣ޲̶ȴֻѣûж֡
ݵʿܹڸжᵽһƬʵȻǲ봥ùͷһɱĻɾͿˣ
үˣԺ˭ƴ𶦣Ǯɣүò
ݵʿ죬ȻǴܵ˼Ҷ˿Цá
Ҳòĳǰ۹⣬Ǿʥ϶Ҫƴ޸ģʱҺ˼һʡ
˷ˣƬеĪĻԵа˾ҩ߾ǿߵĸ׼ۼǿµ似ҲдµĳЩصϣ
ÿһ˶˷ܣٷɱȻ߾ǿߵĴ¡
ĳһû߾ǿ߽ܵõһΪ˺ܶ֡

һƬ̺ǰס˵ȥ·̲꣬ӿ˭Ҳû뵽ƬоȻһƬ󺣡
ǰһɽ
˾
ҲѾˣǰһâɽƣǧ
̺һɽ




1456 ɽ
˭Ҳû뵽ɸ֮оȻһн硣
ػȫǺ֮ǰĻƺתܶ˶˶򣬻ǳ
ҲΣأиǿĻޣһоβڻ
໺𡭡
һ޼Ļ޳֣һſڱ㽫ʿѪſһ˿ˡ
󣡡
ֳߣڼʥİ£߶ɨһƬ⣬ϡ
໡
ҽһѩһ㣬ڻˣȵһȥֲ
԰ⶫĪǲǻޣôֱڻˣ
ʥ˼⣬ֳҲסˡ
ĹǽԭΣȥΪܹ޳̶ֳȣмǧΪ˰ɣô˵Ĳһ
ܿ죬㻯һӡǣɽȥû뵽ɽ֮С

֮Уʿ̤УӺгһͷ޹꣬СɽСһſڱ㽫ʮʿ̽˸УгȥյĻᣡ
ڹ꾫ôô󣿡
ڹ꾫ûͷ޹ıȻİͼӦʥ䣡
ղֳһ䣬ѵʥ޶ﲻɣ
ܣɣʥޣпǾЩзļѪѾ൱ƽЩʥˣ
Ƿ׷ײ²⣬ĪһǣЩѾùˣֲھͳȥ±β¸ţ
ѽ
ɽһɫӰͻȻ֣һһҶֲ߳ϢƵ
ͨʿûУֱɫӰɹȥϱ㱬鿪ѪŽ֫ϱɢ
ɫӰǰ滯һڶЩ֫ȫ˽ȥ

ֳճһ⣬Ҷ˵ΧҲʮʿˡ
β
ܶ˶ھǵɫӰɨһЩһ޷ǰٶȣ¶ԭΡ
һ׵ĺ꣬ë׵ģرɰȴѪ䣬ȾƤëһЩĹͷ֤ղһô˵ľɰС
ǿβ͵ʱ򣬶ʱһȻ߸βͣɨһ㡣
߸βζʲô
ֻβʵǾʥģߣܲ𾪣
ɱ
λʥ۱âһɨֻ߸β͵ľβм䣬ߣֳߣ߶âһ̫һβȥ
䣡
âһβ˲ʧˣʲôҲûΨһӡͻ˵۱ķû뵽ǰɽ֮С
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ܶ˶ʶ⣬ֱɽȥҪ⿪һЩܣҪԵɽС
ߣ
ԺԺҶ˴һɽʱоһĪʣУ˷·Ҫ𻯷һ㣡
Ƿ֮صԴ֮Ǵɢݳȥģ
Ҷ˲жϣɽ̫ˣɽ·һ㣬иڻơ
ɽ滨أ·ڣƣɽ巢С˲

ǰһˮأȻŨ˼ԴҺԪıԴɵҺ̬ôһˮȫҺ
ǿ׹ǵĺö
˾Ȼóһ«ʼװԴҺ
Ҳ󣬷׷ó׼װһЩȥⶫǶһ
һ㣬װˡ
ϺһȰװ㣬һ߼һռԴҺ
ҶҲһƿӣ̵ƿ̿ռƣװһƬ
㣿
°׹ۼ⣬ͻȻԴҺоȻһͷ㣬æֹҼԴҺˮɡ
ɴץǿȰҩıǲץҲץģ˾˵ţȳ֡
ʲôҲûţƬˮһ°ӣڼС˵°У֮ززˡ
ԴҺ֮ǼǰУ̽ɽһֱɽȥ
·һʯڵʱͣʯϿź̬ܶ룬棬ӦоУ·һ΢һ㡣
ʯϵʯ̱ʻ࣬ȴ⴫ڷɣ·ҪʯƱڶһ㡣
Щʯ˵ҲʮϰˣһֱûбĥеתϺɫأ򲻶ϡ
ҶҲЩͼӡӡϣһһϸһ
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ҶһֻġһʯϵĿͼѣô̥ôӦ
ҲһҶףǱȻ˺Լͬ⣬õЩͼеıԴȴһ
Ӧ
ҶԺһ֣Щͼ̥Ŀͼ
ʯЩʯ̶ʿɵĸ̥״ѹӡʶʱ⵽̥ôӦ
Щ̥Ŀͼ˭˴ֱʣ
ԺԺп˵ȻҲ뵽Ĺؼ
ҶʯſԼ̥״ȻȴʯڼӲޱȣı徹Ȼ޷ʯ˿ۼ
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Ҷͽ޹˾Ҳǰָ˸⣬ݺݵʯϻһȻȴӡû¡
ǻʯôôӲ˾
˵ʯϿһͼǴݻһɽҲһȴˣʯڵļӲ̶ȳķ룡
ء
Զƶ䱻ɢɽ𶯣޾ľҶ׷ɣҶƬ̹˸˸ҩҷϼҡڡ
ǡһͷ
°׹СųOͣ˵ˣָԶսͰ͵˵
ʮ⣬ɽ֧УһԾնϣ֧Ƭ˸˸ͷ߰Ƿֲ֡
޼һģһ
˾ңԹһ˵ǲѣ𣿡
Զգʥֽѣâ䣬ʥһɱ¾֮⣬Ҳƽֶѣѹ
֪ôˣ
ԺԺĿ˺ܾãͻȻһԴ˵ⲻ
˵үӣ˵ܱʲôвⲻǰì𣿡˾ͷɢϺһ˵
ˣевУϺһյӣɨҶһۣⲻ˵ˡ
ˣ
ҶԺһ֣ǰʯϵʯ̣ϺĻ
ʯ̻εĶ




1457 ·Ѷϣ
ڣ˶ɽۣ֮мʿܹɽ۵Ĳʱ˾ǿʵ
ɽۣ֮һߴʯʯΧһƬѪɱֱ죡
Ѫ𣿡˶ʡ
ۣ˼ҵôˣ
ۼȫһ̯ѪߵףǴ̲ѪзӡǣµѪ
ۣһ棬֤սǷ˵Ҫһ֮ɷıݣ˶ܷɡ
Ȼսȴǲ֮۵꾿ʲôģ˭Ҳ֪ۼ˶˵ۻɣˡ
һ˻ʴ۵ĺҲһ̯ʺѪʹ޲ѣܶ˶ĬȻˡ
˻ʴ۲Էģĳƺţ˻ʴд࣬һ֮ƽ˺ڰңɱɾһ͵滷
ܶ˶ϳԼϵѪӡǣΪ֮ݣ˭Ҳû뵽ﾹȻôĴ
Ҳô۵ѪҺûֲֿֿܵѹ
һѪܶ磬Ȼʱô꣬ڣ£
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Ҷо֣һѪȻԼűԴϵϵǡ۵Ѫ
Ҳ⾿һʲôڣȻܹôĴ۵ˣ
пܣгɵΪ˳ɲŵģȴֻЩѪҺѵ
ʲôĴܹô۶ˣ
ΨһĽ;ɣɣ˭ôˣ
۾ϵĶˣûܹһжǿս׼۾ǿҲ޷
һֱֻѹ׼۾Ĵڣɼжôǿսգȴˡ
ߴʯƣ˵ߵ£ɢȥʾʯϵĶһĿͼ
ÿһͼڷɣ˻ʴģ˻ʴ۵̥
ˣˣƬɽеĸֻʵǴµĿͼոˡ
Щ̥Ǵһ
·Ѷϣ
ʯϷĸִĿģԴ۵Ѫдɵģ̴۵ĵϣ
·Ѷϣ
۳Ҳֻǳ鳾Ǵ۲ǿ·Ѷϣϲɣ
ɷ֮䣬Զˣ۶޷ıһ㣡
ʯһ棬Ҷһп֡
ʣΪۻʥ˲ʣ԰Ϊۻ
һ֣Ҷоӵ¾е䣬ôɺϣǣ
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ڿֵʱֻ֪ɺϰɣ
·ѶϣҪ·ҪΪۣͨǰɽϣ᲻֮
Ǽλ۵֣ÿһ۶仰ĺԼ֡
ʴȵģԸԼҲԸٵȫԼ·Ѷϣ˰ɣ
ÿһ۶д黳ģػ磬ֵ𾴺Ĥݣ
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˶ޣΪеˣд壬ȴ޷棡
ѵ޷𣿡
ôÿһ˶Ŵ𻯷ˣһҪԭǣû˼ۻĺۼҲûд۵ʬǡ
ÿһλۣ궼Լ޾ǿУڰУû˭Ҳ֪Ǿȥ
ܶ׼Ҳڲϵ̽ȴţﵽ߾޷ǿ棬ΪһƬڰͲʺ档
Ψдﵽ߾֮ѻûĺǿҲһܹǿеʶȥ
ôһֱûֹͣѰңȴһ񣬴۷·ʧǿһ
ʯϣǷ˾βǲһӡǶѣͲʵ塣
ÿ˶֪βλ۵̥ȴûһ˵һɵ֡
ɱۣſգ
һɱ֤ĴۣȻҲд壬µɱ̫أѡԵ
ʱգɱſվ˻Ů˶û֪͸Ҫ˵òˡ
Ψһǵõľɱ۵ĴУļɱɱɾĺպҲ˵جΡ
ǸʱؼΨһǣôž޵˶ֻΪǡ
ۣʴȵġ
һ̾ɱſյӡһ㣬ϾҲһֺдԼ֣ûͨ·
۵ӡǣ
˷ʯϵһЩµӡǣĴ۶ԼһЩ
ЩۺǣЩҪѪܼ֮ûϣˡ
Ҷ˫ۼ⣬ڸԺӥɵı£ҶҲõһЩ򣬲ϵĸѣʲô
һĻʥ⣬˫𣬼ֱֻģҶûо۵ѪΪʲôҲõһЩ
ҩ
˾ɽϷһƬҩһƬУṩԪ͵
ţмʮ꣬ǰ˾ҩһԿҩˣ
ȣ׼ᡣ
Ҳûãôʥص˶ڣѧԺҲǿߵ϶ûǵķݣһЩʵãûǿ󱳾ʿ̲ס̾ҩãҲҪС
ҶҪҩʮ꣬ÿֵܷһʥ˵
ƾʲô䣿һϣ˭˭ģƾֶΣ
ڣа벽߾ǿ̲סˣǰȥ֣һҲܲˣ׷׳֣Ǿʥ赲ǰҲС
ҩģÿһҩЧϳһ¯ҩĻЧѣû˲ġ
飡
䣡
ƬɽһƬңǶˣǰȥ鱦˳ʮλ
˵дϢıѱ˷ɻңô˳֣߾ڣڵǿߣԻٵһء
䣡
һʥˣ˸鱦𿪣ҩ
˵һƬңתʱв˶ʮҩתۼ䱻˸ɾʮλҲûа취ƽˣƾֶᡣ
ڻУҶתڶʳӲڶǿһҩսռС
ɱ
ҩʿӶݣе۱ĵطѰӻһЩûҩ׷ᣬҲ
Ҷģ
һǿһƣҶȥ
ղҶƤӵߵҩ³ɺ޼һݵҶˣ
˭Σ
ӥһӭȥ񱩵ƥֱӽҵǿɳȥ
㡭
ǿŭĿӣȴûٶ֣ǿʧȥ۱֮ѾҪ˵ԺֳȻĴˡ
գսҩϱ˹ϷˣһЩСǿߣҩҲסûǿ壬סҩ
ҩϷֽɢȥ̽طûջ
һ£ʼ˳ˡ
½Ϲ֣㲻Ҫ⣬ڱչأ޷ֲԺ磡
뿪֮ǰԺĸԺ޺޵˵
ΣŵԺĵǰԵջȫ޷Ժȡ
Ҷõ˲ٱҴչͷɱνǸԺ棡
û˴ɸ֮УԺΪ¹ͣĿã
ԺϺ½Ϲһ˵ţЦ۾гһ϶
СӣҾ㣬°׹Զһ㣬ֳأһն㣡
ԺϺĻ£ХͻȻŭĿҶ
Ųն㣿Ҷ۾˵
㡭
ХŭֹҪ˵ʲôȴ°׹ϡ
ʲôҸԤҵ飿
°׹㡭Хǵͨ죬֪˵ʲôá
Ҫ˵㣬ҲûʸԤҵ飡
°׹˵ţȻŤͷҶһõЦҶллҵ
ѵҶǽǣ
һĻ˶ˣ̲סаԼ




1458 ֤ʵϢ
ûд𰸣
Ҷ𸴣°׹գգ˵Ĵ۾뿪ˡ
ҲȺ뿪

֮˶ɸż磬Ƿ粨ȴԶԶûƽϢɸżз֣
𶯣ܶоǿ棬ʴȡѪ١Щʳ۵Ľ㡣
Ժĸ߲쵼ۡۡۡθۡۡźۡ
Ժĵɸżбϴ٣ŪһţõԺɨأ
Ҷչͷɽ٣켸ɱΪ¹ͣԺ˲٣
ҶʥҼ椵ɢ£ƤЦҶĥߴ
ԭԺӳɸżʱ°׹Ҷֳ˹ȵ飬ϹӶ֮ܿ϶й£
СаһɸżǽԺСˣ˵˵ôģҲ塣
ҶδἸ˵ĵ٩ֱȥӥɡ
Ҫӥ֤ʯǷѪϴˣ
ӥҶõȷظݱԵʯıѪϴˣ˶ɱǸҶʥҲҳɷ飬ΨһҴ߶ԴأϢպȥˣǾͽҲɱ
ֻǸʼнˣˡѡͬţ֪ҪһһһĽҳɱֱΪֹ
Դԭɵ֮Уȫûûһ˻ų׷ˡ
ӰʯЩϢԼɣ
ӥ̾˿һ鵭ɫʯݵҶС
ӰʯʵһӰ񴢴ĶƣԷһЩӰڴһЩϢ
ҶӰʯעһһâӰʯǰγһʵͼ
СۣСѾϵ·ҲãһǱ̢£ϱ鲼ˡ
硭ҡ
С۾ˮ¿㲵ƺһܴ
쵰
ҶŭˣǸӣҵ˾ȻһӶŹֱ޲磡
ԴײңҶĲΪˣ
Ҷڹ⽫ԺԼĵϣأĲν
йأһĶԹһ˲ò֣ܶɱţ򽫻ȫʿĹУ
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һ⣡
Ǿʿƻ֣߳һǿ߱˳ֵĽڡ
ԴҪҶҵأҶȳֽ֣ҶɱȲƻصܱһã
ֻʱ䣬֮ڣңһһ棬СѾͷһ·ȻұؽһһĻֿܾ֮ȥ
ʧԴϻصɭ·һڴԹҧгݵھ׽˹ǣ˺⡣
СȻҲ֪ʯ嵽ʲôϵ˼Сʿԣֻϣ⣬ѪϴʯȥˣȻôʣδΥκιأѧԺ㣬Ҳ
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磬ʿͷ֮һǵ
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һ£Ժȷ޷Ϊʲô
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Ҷļ٣֪ʲô¶ܸɵóԼû֮ڸϹȥҶС¶֡
Ҫǵİ
Ҷûκε飬ֱҵԺΪԺ˵Ҫһȥ
ԣ֮ؾϢӦþܻˣԺϲǳˬ죬̾ʹӦˡ
Ҷûߣ͵ѧԺ֮ͨؾĴ̨֮⣬ǿԼ״̬ɸûЧ޷
СһһЦԺ֣·ӰһʯЩ򵥿ֵһĻĻʹһȾƳĳ۾ʪˡ
һֱΪԼһԵˣ˿ĲλĴˣҪǵɱʹƵĻھ͸ϹȥնɱΪʯЩֱĴǱ
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ҶȦ죬ʯ˽Ϊػƽʥ飬أһֱûлȥȴΪԼڴȥѣ
УҲûżѪɱˣ
ڼ䣬ϳ׽ˡ
ɲ̺ĴƬͳͳգѾָ˼
СӣΪ˱֤ȫ㽫ע뵽аɣ걻˳ɱˣҲܻӣ
Ҳ֪жΣԣԵ۱Ҷ꣬Ϊһ
š
ҶͷֱӽԼֳһע뵽֮У̱㱻

ҹǽɱͨˣСвҶܿԺˣܶԺĵӶҵоеݣͬʱҲΪҶеĵġ
ҾȲʥأҲһоԶĴ壬˵ʲôǿĵ̴ڡ
ûе̣ƾҵǿߣɱҶһֻϲ࣬Ͳһġ
Ҷֵܣ㲻ô嶯Ұڿأ
Ǻ˺ʯҰ˵ĻǾãҶȥֹ׶༪٣ֱʮ
һͨˣֵ𣿡
ǹϵһʦֵܵĻǲ˽ⶵҶ塣
˵ҶͶһʱȻȴԼһָ飬һõġ
Ҳǿ˾׼һӾץסҶ㣬֪Ҷһˡ
ʱ䣬̫ˣûиκ׼ʱ䣬̫ˣ
ҲˣҶһ֮ȴδ㣡
ҶӣģȥˣҵҲ᲻ߣǸѹͲǸð֮踣
˵仰ˣϵԼүү쾭ȥһųǣܿҵϺˣ˵һ飬Ϻ˵üëʱˡ
дǻòͷˣ˶ģүүػᾡϹȥҪǸĻҾʹ˳
˵̴꣬ϢԼļֵܴżһﵽҼϣԼóֱӺգݸȥ




1459 
ҶܵܣҲͬȥǸȦף
ںǰȥԼүүͬʱõϢٸϵѧԺȰҶҪȥðգһ޽֡
ԣ֣ǾͲóеκˡѩֱӿĹؼ
㣬ǸȦףҲҪȥҲĿСҶҡͷԲȥĻҲ˾ˡ
СŮʲôˣҪȥ𣿡鲻ĵʵԶ׼һ֣룬ûʲô³
ǡҵãԣҲĿȥҶ̾˿С˵Լá
ʵϣСһֱ磬ɸ磬ҲСԼá
Ⱥ쵰˽Ⱑ
˵ʥŮĬһȻִҪȥҲ㣬Ҫó׼аɣ
ʱ̫ˣĿǰҲûʲôð취ֻҪȥˣǿ϶˵ģǵĿңӦòΪһСӣҶ˵
ǺðɣһСģ
ҶĻû˵ʲôתȥˡ
үүмҪ˼ҳɽ
߳Ǵ֮ʥŮֱӸԼүү۱һϸȥϢбҶİȫ
ѾͷǺαء
ӵϢϸ̾˿ϴλʱıֱѾµһЩ飬ֻû˵ѡ
Ҫһˣ
£ϸӰ֮Уʧ
ϷѾܾûлˣϸ첲ȵģˣҲԺԺԺϲվƽľһͨũûκơ
ʱܿȥˣ͹껡˾Ƶ˶ȰҶҪգնûн
ҪԼ취Ҷˣ
˾Ƶ뿪֮󣬸һ£Լʥصʥ棬ԮҶɾ޴ѹʹǷˡ

ء
ҶСӣʲô鷳ˣȻҪԳ
ͬʱһǺشӹдܳ
겻ԽͣûһëΨ۾Ծǰɫģ˿Ų
۾ʵͨûκŪģʾԼڲͬ

ҶľǼ˵һ£ǵʱըëˡ
̵ΣȺ˸̫ҪˣȻͨ˶ҪɱһСŮв㣬ֱ޻ޣû˵ģǣ
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Щ֮ؾϾʱģóˣ
ĽܵǷܷգǿʥҲƿƵķ
˽֮֮ȻᱻԶ棬ᴫ͵֮⡣
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׵ɱһ췣˲
ɱɱ׼۽ȥҲñĥ𣬺ȻǲƵģֻʮ֮һɱԴϰӴ´ˣ

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ҶԺĵӣ裬𣡡
Ժɫ࣬Ժнʦ̫ϳϣȫҪ֤Ҷİȫ
Ҷսģ֮ǰ˵˸ҶõҶûбκ⡪ҶһдԼȡģĵӼֱǸ
ҶɵУһ֮ɱΪһ󹦣ͳͣҲҶκεʧ


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ԭ¥ҵĵ̣¥ѾΪʷһ˵ļ
һɣ¡ϽڶжƮһɺ쳾ζ
գе¶ߣܶ˶ĵط£һЩͨͷ̫̫ҡȣһһһûһţһڹ˵Ľűߣųͷһжİ͡
ҶͰûйͣ˵㶫֮ٴζǷɶȥ
һǳأҲҪĵ̣ҾǵѾԶˡ
֮ҶͰ߳ǣطȥ˿֮̾ڻһʱ䣬㹻ˡ
Ҷ뵢飬һҲ룬ֱӷظ
һɽˮ֮أ¾ȻһСһķٲʢ
ոս٣Ҷͷ˵Ӱȴû⣬ȥ·ɽˮһ㣬ʵڴϿ·Ѱе״ݻ
ҶģȻˣΪʲôҽһأ
ҶûżѾסˣ˼ء
ǰ·
ҶǳƽƽǰҺĵӸеһ˿˿Ĳ
ֻҪأˣ
ҵĵΪԼ˵
ҵһƬСռ䣬ԲҲ߰ң̨ͤ¥󣬹ȾȫɽˮԴ
ҵǶ
ŵĴţֱӳ̨Ҫɱ
Ȼ
̨ӳȥ֮ȴûκЧƿٱĥˣ⻪һϨˡ
ãȺ׼øǿƷӡ˴˵أ޷ʹɱˡɫ䣬˼̿֡
̵ľɱɱЧĻɾ׶༪ˣ
Сӣȫˣϣĵ۱ܿ׵㣬ǿҲס۱ʱ򣬰ҲֻҶˡ
㻹֪Ķ
һǿЦ߳վҶǰ治Զ
ȻˣһҪʬΣƤԼӢ飡һǿ˳
ʲôֱŰɱˣ
ǿߴ˷ҶͰΧм䡣
ѾˣԼǰѶˣ
ҶƽĿڣɨˣȴûȺпԴ
Լѱˣ㻹һҵŮʿԹ˵
Ѿгŵϵ˴˵أȴԶţ˳䣡Ҷüͷ壬ŭȵ
СѾͷ
Դһ߳ߣһǿڵС˫ԹضҶ
棬ܾ׷ˣҪǣ
ҵŮʿȻ˵Ǹо޲ҪҶҡ




1460 
Уǿȫ룬ҶͰΧģµɱʣļ¡
ȻˣֻҪ˾͹ˣСѾͷһ߶ѣѾҪˣԴĮеĺֱ졣
ǿ߶ΪҶδϣûˣҵҲΪ׳Ӱ
硭ҪңߣҪɱ㣡
СţҶߣȻ飡
ߣߵ𣿡
һŵ˵ҶѾ˾أҲܻ߳ˣ
СҪɱҪǣҶѾгŵһˣѵټҾȻ㶼𣿡
ҶװνӣʶðץסὫСȳ
ǡ
ڰǿСһɲǣһ˫龪÷˹˱ĵɫԵø׺ݣ
Ҳ޷ܿҪˣҲҪڵطɣ
Сǿһ֣С׹
ಣ
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ҿб£һȺ޴еͨ˳ҲˣȻСӶŹ
ۿСϵ˺ۣҶ˷ŭ˫ۼâɨΧˡ
Щ˶ҵĵϵôķչҵ̷ǳк֪ܶǿڡ
ҲַǳֶαɲĻ𣿡
һǿߵ˵һЩ϶ѣɱ˾ɱˣʲô˵ģ
硭
ͬʱСҶҲƲסԼУ۵һ
˵ףҲֻһСӣȻһСӳ죬Ͼûм棬ʯһ紾ӵСɽгɳĵն
Сޣдڣûµģ
ҶӷᣬʯʱСڷܣҶɸ硣
˵
үүˡҲˣǺģ
СţŭָҵЩˣҶ˵
ޣΪүүǱ𣡡
ҶĽõС·һ£ԼȥůС֡
˯һɣ˯˾ͺˣ
ҶСעһ֮ϵƣսһռУѪȳ档
һС˵ѪȵĳС²ϵĴˣҶ
Խ𣿡ȻԹ˵
ǽˣҶʣ˵ţƱǣȫ޾ڶǿߡ

һǿйâһһɫĳǹ֣ݺҶȥǹâգ
䣡
ҶˣһŤһȭ֮С
ۣ
ѪĽеһ߲ʬ塣
ʬѾҶˣΣӦɣ
ɱͿԣαأѵûĲɣҶ˿ûȥǾʬ壬˵
ɱţжǿһǿߴҶƽÿһضôʾǿʵ
ৣ
˵Իһͷӥ쳣˫һչɣҶ˻ȥ
һͨ۷ǿߣڵԺԺҲϵǿߡ
ӥգ̥˫ȶһҶȥÿһĪԽһɽˡ
Ҷ˿壬еǰԶ΢磬Ͷ첻κ˺ǷߵͨκһԪصĹЧ
򣡡
Ҷһȣһȭӥ̥ȥɫȭâ֮һ赲
䣡
ͷӥ̥Ҷһȭؿںһ͸Ĵ󶴣ӥųҡҡ׹˷ȥ
ۣ
̥ܵشȻһѪɫɷޱȣæ̥սȺмˣ
Ȼ˾ͲҪôżߣ
Ҷһȣ׷ǿߡ
ಣ
ҶԭһӰֱӵǿߵߣһȭ˵Դ÷飬ѪԽɢɣ궼˲Ĩˡ
˭
ҶףĿ絶һɨˡ
ˣ
ʱһľӡг֣ҶüļȥҪһɱǿֲرɫ
飡
Ҷ˿壬һȭȵ޼᲻ݵ֮ݺݵľӡϣ
ž꣡
ľӡϳһѺۣ·شݺһµľһһѺۣȻѣ
ҾİèĻǾͲ̽ˣһϰɣ·ҶЦ
ѣ棬һС綼һǵ蹵һ㣬λ߲зɡ
Ҷﱻˣӵʮ̥Ӱ纣ȫݣзɳɹ
ҶСùɱ㣡
ȻĿɷ˫ԹĹâӵСùãȻ࣬ȴڰǰΪڵǿߡ
ৣ
˵䣬ȻˣչһӽҶͰȫ֮ڣ絶ҶĲնȥ
ǻëըһԴϵһȦ̼һڣӰ죬ѾܳķΧ֮⡣
֮ڣпԵرӣ޷ֻܰʩչߵͼƶ
ķΧ֮ڣǿ߾ǾԵףǵӵȻеԾû뵽ϵһȦ̾Ȼһر
뵽׷ߣҲȻˡ޽ӽ۵׼ۣǿ֤ģʵڴۣ׷ЩرҲģ
ȥ
ȻɱĴ㣬絶˸Ũҵɱ֮У
ȻȻոմﵽڣɱһͨڵϻֵ
ҶСˣ
ȲҪżɱô̫ˣҪ
һȺ˹룬ΪҶȻ֮УɣԹ񣬳Ĵ֮⣬û˭ܹͨʱƵָ
ԴЦЦɭҶأǿƳ֣ɱҶԺҲ˵ʲô
Ϊˣ
ʱҶˣƽ漴ˣ˸ɫĹâ֮Ƶ
꣡
ҶһץסȻֱۣһӲֱ˺ѪˮĽȻ۵òҽһ毺õŤˡ
ۣ
Ҷһ߳Ȼĵֱӽ̥ˣһΪΪУƣ




1461 ս
УҵϵǿߣҲкҹϵõŵǿߣһǿݡ
ԴѰֻ߾ʵ޽ӽ߾͸ʥصʥҲѷɫ˶١
ݣҶԼǱľɱ֣֮
Ȼ
ԡ֮֡ҶûԴУǿƳ֣ɱҺǿߣһٷϵڵȻ
һУֳ˶ݵİԴڵ˶Щȣ
Ϊζû뵽ҶȻǿƣʵ죬ԽսͬԷˮһ򵥣
ɱɱ
ȻŤԹ쳣˻Ⱳˣܹҵ񻨣п¾ۺ̥
쳣Ͳҵ˵񻨸ûϣɽ硣
Ҳ˵񻨳ɳ޾ǿ֮ܶⱲûϣˣԶΪһˣ
ɱ
һȺǿ߷׷ǰ鱦ݺᣬɱӯҰÿ˶չֳԼǿͨ
ػˮ·ݻһ磬лУͨҶûˡ

浶գһҶڵĵطȥľӡһɽһ˸⡣
ɫ죬ʴ궼ܸʴ޷赲
ôǿһ𹥻۷ǿҲҪ̣޷赲ֻӲ
ǧһʱ̣ҶЦˡ
ţ
һĻðǸеĪδ룬ΪҲˣ
һ⻬һҧһǿߵƨϣֱӽĿͬһ˺

ǿ߷߽ӣӻһ˽ŲӣǱ̫ɶˡ
̶һ˲䣬Ƶ֣ҺͨǿߵĿӶ˺ˣε˼㣬òæҵſս
ԪصҶߣȫʧ
ߣ
ȺŹҶͨȫӹ
ಡ
Ҷչ磬ڸԪ֮дУ˿Ӱ죡
ۣ
ҶһȭһҵǿԴϣֱӱˣڷ
꣡
Ҷһǿߵߣһָǿߵüĳһ͸ָԵŵĿһУǰɫ𽥱ڡ
֮УҶչɱÿһȭһ˱Ѫ¶Ⱦˣ
Ѫ䣬սŨ
ҶûһнŨҵɱ⣬뵽ʯЩ޹Ĵֱӷˣ
Ҫͨɱ
ܿ죬˱㿴˶ߣͨҶûκЧЩǿͨڿҶʱԶɢΪԪأûиκ˺
̶̼ӣҶű߱һصʬ壬һǿߣһǿ۵ֱ£
ЩɶǼδϣôĪıնɱˣǸ𾪣
ɱ
һֵɱ¾ٴչҺǿͨȫʱҶ˾޴鷳
ž꣡
Ҷһȭһ鱦ˣȭâһؿڣֱӽˣѪȵĳڳ˶е˾޴Ŀ־壡
ˣ
ͻأĳһɫľƣգݺݵʮҺǿ棡
䣡
ЩһɫƺǿĹսɫӡɢˣҲܵشһѪ
飡
һڵǿ͵Ϯһľӡ˸ŹâݺݵײҶϣһѪ
ˣ֧Ų˶ˣɱ
һĻúܶ˸еܣҶֳǿս㽫ǵĴûˣڵǿ߶ϵˣ֮ͨ£޵У
˫ȭѵ֣ͻܲסȺǣҶǿҲסô˵Χ
Ƭ̣ҶˣҲˣƤëȾѪɫϼ˿ɼǣ
ۣ
һ̽ҶļͷѪĽ
Ҷüͷûһ£ת⽫סˣһȭ˺ˣС
֮ת˿˲ˣ˾ӣԴǿ߲֣ЩҲܽɱٲ˽ˣ
ۣ
ҶӶ·âʮɣʮնϣѪӿֹ
ý
Ҷ޵
һ鱦Ͳ˵ı壬ڵ鱦⡣
Ҷģ
һڵۺˣĶӣŮӣȫҶĽ£˷ŭ
չԶһҶȥָƼеתֲ·һҶѹһ㣬޴ɶ㣡
𣡡
ҶһüѿһĴָĽɫӡɳƿռ䣬˲ԶյĴֱ֣ӻüģ

Զղҽһ˫ԴڵϲϵĴҶӡ̺ĵۣ֮𣬶ձȹǿ
䣡
Զյ곹ױճޣڷԴȻըˣ
ֱ췽ҹ̷һĲʵ
ҶͨڶѣȻܹԽС罫һڵǿ߻ɱˣôܣ
ô
һ̣˶ˣ
һʱ䣬սͣǿ߿ҶĿгľ
СĵԼ˿ڣ۵Ļֱ£ôɱòϣ
ɱ
ݵ֮˷ˣܶǿҲս֮УٸҶκλᡣ
ղжʧѾٴʧ˲ľӢʧҲܲˣ
Ҷǿ˵ԤϣսһֻŲп֮ˣ
ɱ
һǿл˫âһ֣˲佫Ҷ棡
һ۷ǿߣʵֲһоٮٮߣ
Ⱦ磬Ҷһ󾳽磬ŰɱһͨڵСʿһ
˶֪Ҷոɲصжɽ٣һͷǿɽˣ
˵ҵأԶ沼µķƣԸҶĶɽٶûã
۷ǿߣɱҶһͨڵСʿ˵ǴСãһʧ
䣡
Ҳ֪ԪͨҶûãԣֱӼһ鱦һڴӣӿڷ·һһ㣬ƾ죬Ҷѹ¡
ҪҶսڴ֮УӲı峹׷飬Ҷ꣬Ҷֿܾ֮ɱҶ

Ҷһڿն𣬻ƣѪȣŴһȭȥһ죡
ˣ
˲󣬷·ڶһҶ˽ȥΧ۵ҵϵǿ߷׷¶ϲɫڽѹˣ
һССͨ϶ѣȻô˺û뵽
ǿɫ˵ļǿҲҶУ
վҪģ
һЩĵϵΧ޺޵˵
ղҶչǵʿ˾޴ĴϣҶɱ򽫻ǵһӰγħ
顭
۷ǿ߲ϵĻѱڣֲҪҶ׻ɱ棡
СӲˣ
ܶ˶΢ЦԴҲ¶һ˿ǿЦݡ
ȻҶѹˣǸĴ̫ˣҵǿߣʵᾫӢҲ˲٣úۣܶ
Ȼ
ǵЦݻûϣϣ
꣡
ڹѣһ󡰺䡱һ֧顣
ҶħĴ߳ɫĵâ




1462 Դ
ʲʲô
أ˶ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻܹ˴߳Ҫǿս
Ͻɣǰرû뵽쾹ȻҶͽִˣ
ӾҼ˵ļ˵᲻ɴݣɷǳ󣬲˵֮ҲˣȴٵˣԴ̲סһۣ
ôܣ
۷ǿ߼ˣǼ彻ܵģ޵鱦۷ǿ߶δܴƣҶȻƾһ˫ȭͷͽˣܽܣ
սôܻǿ
ڳԺе⣬Ӿ˵ҶԲǿսⲻϳ
¡¡
𶯣һҶγһƬɱ⣬һȭâۣһɫС̫һ㡣
䣡
۷ǿ߱Ҷһȭ飬ѪͷҷɣҲˣڷ
һ򷨣
ļ£һ赲ûκζܹ赲Ҷһȭ
ͳͳҪ
Ҷ˫۳죬ս񣬶ѰݵսһƵӣȻֽǿ߻ɱ
䣡䣡䣡
ڵ֧£ҶɱɢһһµȥɱķʱΧҵľӢĵǱܶ˶ˣ
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Ҳ棬ôҶСӣģҲˣ
Ƕˣ˵֪׷Ҷ̫̬ˣֻͨڵΪչֳսȴڵǿ߶е֣
ѪڷɽʧҺǿǷ׷׳ֱֿ֣̬ɱɢ֣
飡
ͨڵ˱Ҷһĳɷɻңɢ
䣡
еһɽ״飬һҲһصҶṩԴԴϵʹܹսкǿߵʱ
Ӵ֧£Ҷ۹ǷɱٶҲˡ
ٶ˫ǧ֮Ҳ֮
ÿһγֶؽһ˵سɱʬ壬Ѫ۳СӣѪζŨŻ
Ҳչ׷ǲٶȺҶԶˣ㱻ǿ߶ס
ΪȦĻ֪Ҫˡ
ɱͷǣ
ܶſŭͷ̫ˣרҧǵƨɣ˺ǵĿӣ˭ܵˣ
ҵŮӣǶ԰ֺ£սУҲеϻհͨ졣
飡
һ죬Ҷһ򣬲ڵء
ۿӵ޷ɱҶҶ׼һɱԴٹ˼ǿ߷緶ֱӳ֣Ҷ
ۡ
ҶһѪɫЩס
֮⣬еԴԴϵΪṩҶҲеЩ֧Ųסˣĵ̫ˣ̥ܶӰģ
ţ
Դһ
ղţһǿҲܲˣҶȴһѪ
ʵϣҶΪأǾ߳ɵĹĻͿס˿ֲһ
ϾԴһ޽ӽ߾ǿߣԸҲһս֮
˿Ϸɱ
űصʬͲ֫⣬ԴˣԭΪҶԼأɱֵһֻһ
û뵽ֻȴչķɱЩɶҵĵϵҵм
ʧ̫ˣ
ƥҲ֪ۣʯ˺ʲôޣǾȫɱǿǹ˵ĸ𣿡Ҷŭ
뵽ʯЩʵĴҶľ̲סһֻۣͨ˵һӰԺͷΪ
ȻͨˣҶŹֻΪԼǸסһʱѡ
ҰҺǡ
Ҷ̲סһ뵽һ㣬齫ǰᵽݱͺˣ
Щ϶ѣϧ
ԴһһҶƽĮƺûнʯٸһһ
ƨ
ҶŭҿǵЩĹϼʿҪ߹һ򱶣

һıһҵϵӴײײܽ棬кܶǿߴˡ
䡭
δ䣬𶯣СռӲ˹ˣһȺɱڵķصСռС
⡭
ȫˣسһƬɱҵϵ˴ʣ²ˣһоԶļ˵ԳƵĴ
ǺộǶˣ
Դ˫ɫɨŷصˣ
ԺԺϲԺϺꡢִӥɺͺܶѧԺѾݵ̫ϳϣһֲ֧Եʥض˿
⣬Ŵ󺷷˸λΪ׵Ǻ˵үү죬еâ£
⣬˾ռʥ̫ʥصʥϲҲˣԶԼʥ
һɳֲǺɨ嶼û⣬Ҫ˵һССˡ
ԴͷǰҪִԲˣ̫ʥصʥȰ
ͷһлͷĻ𣿡
ԴѪᣬָŵЩ֫ͱصʬ˵ʧôྫӢһͷɱӣĲΪˣ
ԴҾ㣬ѾΥ˹أһۣһ˲ø棬ñЩѵ㶼𣿡
ϲ˵˫ϵĹâ
أ˵أô˴ҵأѵͺϹ𣿡
Դ״ɭɭЦһ˵ҲûΥأҶСȴصģҶɱȫϺأǣ޹ʴأΥصǣ
㻹Ҫ
Ƿ߷ߵĵץСҶСǰȴһңұ㣡
ˣǿΪһ峤Υ˹أұ⣿
˵е۱ɱӯҰе¶ȶ½˲١
ϻ˵ֹɱ𣿡
ԴƱǣɢ߾ڵϢ˵ƣ
ûס֣Ǿ͵ʲôҲûм̣Ϻͷ˵
̣ǿ󷽣ϧֹɱ
Դ˵Ҫɱˣ˭Ҳֹ˲ˣҵﶼˣһʲôüɵģ
侲㣡
˾ռʥֻüһϣִҪɱҶĻ˭ҲȲˣ
ϣ
ԴشеѾϣˣҵһѾûϣˣԼٳٲͻƣԪѾ㻹˵ʲôϣ
ˣұȻΪʷҪˣ̫ʥҲ˵
ҲˣĹˮ죿ɱҲûϣˣ֮ǰɱҲΪӢ鱨ˣ
ԴͻȻʧЦɱ졣




1463 ۱ɨ
أԺԺϲΪףĸˣʥÿһԴҶΧġ
ɫ԰ֽ֪ˣ֮ҽΪʷյٹˡ
Դ㶯һԣֱָԴȵ
ֹңκҲֹңҪɱˣûܾȵˣ
˵ţԴһЦһصСռ䶯
䣡
۵ĹâһҶԴҵļǿߴԭʧˣټ
ãǴʹƣ
ǴһæȥϸоƵĺۼˣӶƲҶ͵
ڶܿܺ絽ȥˣ˾ռʥüͷ˵
˾ռԿռǳʥҲ˵ⷽȨһʱжϡ
Ǵʹƣڶܿܺ򣬵ȥˡҲ˾׼жϡ
΢΢˼£ƣǿռ壬˳׷ȥûãܻܿȥ
쵰
ԺϺɫһ䣬ŭһһƽصСռˣ޴籩ݻһУŵҺ˲䱻ɿ񱩵籩ɷɻң
һ£ʲôطϲһԺ̫ϳϷԸ
̫ϳѾϵˣƶۣ·Ƥͷһ㣬˫ڶһĹâƺǳ˫л
ৣ
Ժ̫ϳ˫пһַÿһַ˸ʵĹâ·Ԫ˸һ㡣
ЩַϵУؿܣ˫۷Ź⣬ĶЩַ·ҪӡԼʶһ
һ㣬ʱ
ͺµȺ˲ϵشߴ٣Ѿ֪ԼӺҶ֮ĹϵȻӲ
Ŵ󺷷˶ѪԺӣЩʥغ͵α˺ˡ
죬ûһű֮ĵĻҲܽһƷʯ͹һ۱ˡ
ڵ֪յһ۱Ϣ֮˶ˣ֮ʮУһȣܶ˶Ե㱦
˵һЩĶԻˣǵ۱ȴҲûг֣
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˼֮⣬۱ڸʥصĴѹ̣ô۱
Ժ̫ϳҶںδʱҶԴԼҵʮڵǿ߾һδεĺգ˶ϲһɽϣ
ϲɽ˼ʿҲٻᵽĵط˵һƬ֮ء
Ҷ⴦ǵ͵ɽˮɽͺͺģûһֲ¶ʯͷһݹ᾵һ
ûκмأȻ˽ͨеľضѣʿ˵ûӰģ
Ƭɽһ޾ǿɽʯûһҰ뵥㣬նǻɵģǦƣԵøѹ֣
Ϊѡģˮã㻹ɣ
Դɭ˵гԹ
Ϊɱң
ҶЦˣԭĵ۱ᱩ¶ǰڿԴܵЮ
⴦Բ̣Ƕõ۱Ҳݱ˲Ϊ˸ʯǱҶɱ䣬ײĶ
Ǻǡ
ԴЦˣʵ벻Ҷʱʮʲôºǿ߽Χм䣬κλᡣ
ɣ
ԴһȣһҶȥָƼâ䣬صת·һƬҶѹһ
ƥһһƤе·
߾ǿߵһҶû˿η壬ʮơ
С˵λԳ֣ɱһֻһ򵥣
··ɣ
棬Ҫ̫ʹ죬һҪ֮꣬ٽɿܣӡڰٹУԶūΪã
ҵļǿ߿ڣԹޱȣǿҶɵ˾ʧķˡ
־£Լ·ⲻ˵λʲôʵ벻ҶʲôֶΣ
䣡
Ҷ˫âֱʣüѿһɫĻʹڴüзɳһɿֲϢ˲˷Բǧ
໺𡭡
һЩ޸ܵ˵ŵڵϣɪɪЩʵµʺѾȥˡ
ĵ۱൱ڴ۵һֳֻ֣ϵܵУͬȼĵ۱пܿ⣡
δȫ׻ָѻָ߳ңֲ˹
ʲô
ôܣ
۱
Դɵˣ
Ҳɵˣ
Ҳ뵽ҶϾȻе۱
𣡡
Դһֱץ۱Ҷ۱ջֻҪ۱УĨɱҶһͷѣ

ԻֱӿƵ۱Դȥ
һɱɽ룬޾ĻϢԴײȥɲǼ佫Դһֻˡ

ԴһҽУǳһţһըˡ
ڹâһɨԴ׻Ϊɻң걻ᶼˣ
Ѿ߾ڵ۱ǰû˿м֮
ˣ
ǿɫ䣬Ե۱ǸӲ߶ң
۱һɨʮأβĴڣܺ͵۱⣡
ʣµ벽߾ǿɫҰף֪һжˣʲô㵽ˣû㵽ҶϾȻнȱĵ۱
ңǺ۱ԻʹΪ۱ģֻоһˣǺҵĹϵһңȻ֪ڵ۱
ң׷ɱңɱʯСˣǳʱˡ
Ҷû˿۱âһɨʣµʮǿֱӱɷɻң걻ɢ׻ҷ
Ҷõ۱ɱԴʱ򣬵۱ϢƵھʮأǿͬʱ֪˵۱Ϣ
۱Ϣ˭˵۱ս
ۼʥüͷһ
˻ʼ塢»ʳʥءϴڶӦ˵۱Ĳѹ׷Ȼ
ΨҵıΪң
ʥȻվ˫ۼɹâֱӽˡ
ڵ۱Ϣ
𶯣ڱչص̫ϳ϶˾ڵϢ̫Ϥˣ˼ҹ룬ζ뽫۱һ
Ȼ
Ϸ·˼һʮû˿Ϣ۱Ҳʧʧˡ
ҶڲϵŬûе۱壬ҵĵλڵнû䡣
쾹Ȼ˵۱Ϣܲϲ⣿
ط׷ٵ۱䣡
ʥһ£Ҽɿʼæ̨ܿ׼ã
꣡
ʥԼѪڼ̨ϣѪΪ׷ٵ۱䣡




1464 
۱Ϣ֣𶯣ܶɳǿߣѭŵ۱ϢѰҡ
ܶиطԺܿ׷ٵ۱䣬ֻҪе۱ϢڣǾп׷ٵ
۱һ⴦ɽ뼸ɨƽˣǵ۱ǰҶû뵽۱Ȼǿ
ƶ֮һ۱ӵ˿ֲܣĴ۾ǿʲô̶ȣ
޷
ⲻոշ۱ʮ֮һѣ
ϸпûоĻڲָܻز
ʮ֮һ
Ҷˣʮ֮һܽ߾ǿһɻңҪȫӳǸֲ
ҪԼ߶۱ˣǱҪ򲻿ö
϶֮󣬱Ҷ۱ջأ۱Ϣõı¶
򡭡
Ҷ˫âңķȡǽĴ̨
뾡
ԴȻˣұϾǴصĴ֮ҪײҪһѪɱ¾
սֹ꣡
ҶĶײ
䣡
ϴ̨âһҶ֮УɶȥһƬսǽ壡
뿪죬Ƭë֮س˵һʿȻʥһȺǿʿ
ûǾɵģӾںܿѾ޸ˣʥܿжϡ
Ѿȥ¥գ׷٣ɨܣʵ
޷ȿ˭ҵĵ۱˵ţʥ˫ֻһѲϢɢȥ
ৣ
âһҶԴ˵Ӱ֮У治ϱãտ˾ôҶüĳ֣ɱ˵ĳ
ǿҶȡ̨նȥĳ
һԻԭһط飬龰֣׷˵
С֡
ŵǳ鴤˫ۼҶܻû뵽ҶϾȻе۱֪ĻƴҲҪҶץסؼ塣
ѹȭһǴӾϵõģпҲϰ˾ʥ˵
׷٣ɵʲôطȥˡ
ʥܿǿطҶɵķλ
ʱǺϲҲƲ⵽Ҷ͵λã𼱻ǵظ˹
˾ռʥͰ󷨸ڣձø򵥣ǰǣνڹž
Ƭ̵ĵطȥʱҶȴ̨ݸȥ˫ô
ϵĺɣϵҶڸϵǣͣĸϵҵأȴѾˣСռ飬һصķ档
ԾкܶæţȻؽ
ǼţҶûκοܻһģЩȻʩѹδػ
ϾҲһļ壬ƴҲʧģԪˣûϵǿˡ
䣡
֮Ҷû˿ϻҵԼµĺ֣һ壬ֱ¡¡˲˷棬ǿ䷢һɲǱڿշȥһӱ㷢˲ԶҶʱŵòϵ
ҶҶҶ
ȫˣôҲû뵽ҶȻѰ
˭ΪûմȾͨѪĿվҲɱ
к֮£ҶȻʹδɱ䡣

ڳȻȴûһվǵԺжֳһЩȥ顣
ûҿһļ壡
Ҷû뵽ټһ壬ȻûûմȾͨѪģ
ҡ
һʮվѡ
涼ûɱˣǾ͸ˣҶ֮ǰдɱɱһӰѾΪǵʡ
ܿ죬Ҷȷûκζ£ͨ˷ǳͬ飬һ˼ꡣ
ãվһԣ
ҶվһԵȴɨˡ
˵һ˴ͷܿҲվ˳ҶһһǵʶɻصֱһָüģȥĶ¾нչָ˿ɱ
ƴˣ
ܿܲˣɻ첻ȥЩմѪʿ׷ҶɱʽĹ
Ȼ
Ա̥ûãҶޱȣйŶܲƬĻļףֻҪǿߣͶûκв
ʣļǿߣȫҶɱɢֻɱˣƬк˵ʬ壬Ѫ۳СϪȾСݣѪζ˱ǣ
ɱҶľˣҲ֪˾ר赽ʲô̶ȣÿһ϶
һΣҶɱ߰ٶˣɱԼᷳˣȫγʣµĲһǧˣ󲿷ֶûκζУĵͨˣʿռһСֶѡ
߰ɣԸⱣԭҲУմͷҲУ
ҶЩƣˣûɱôˣЩ
Щܿͱѹȥˣ񾡣˲ͻˣɮʽϺˡ
ҵѪϴʯ壬һҲû飡
ңΪνķչ׳ʥֶβ۶˷ָ
ǺΪ治ֶΣմѪһ׮׮һ
ݲ֪жŮ˼вٷѪⱻǿץȥڿвֱԿΪɲɱ
ԵʴȾǶԼ̣Ϊ˱鷳ҶϢ֪ͨѧԺ飬ҵʯԭеĵ̣ɡ
֮ĵһңǣûͯ糿ɭдĻԼʲô
ˣҪѧжһ֪ˣŶж飬ȻҪر
ԭɫ£ˮ̶һһƬ밲Ȼ˿ȴ̲ȾմѪ飬໨
䣡
ҶЩʬ帶֮һ棬ܴȼгһֽζŻ
ҵıⱻ򿪣ϼ˸˸۾ϰһʯСˣȭͷûϡʯҲϼƷˡ
⣬һЩδпʯǧٹ֣תϡ֮
ҶԼҲһʯŴϣõĽһʯˣһȭɣƷֻǲ֪ʯ̺ʲô
ЩʯʯǧһҲˡ
ৣ
ҶֱӼռʯʯһա




1465 ڰǨ
Ҷ֪Լ֮·ȱҪѺܶ࣬ÿһνҪӴԪ
ڵԪͲ֧ԣʯͱزˣûôʯ޷еֲģ
У˴ʯ⣬в⻹һЩؼȫȡ˳
Щ֮Ҷʹʹϴ˸裬ǣǵĴ̨ɵʯĳǡ
ҪȥȥʯЩȥĴ
˳ǣҶٶȷӵ£۵糸һеλݱԵɽʯ塣
˿̵ʯһȫݻˣֻһ걻սĴϻмֻѻԵø
УҶӳһ֮⣬ʲôҲûʣ£˶ˣʬ嶼ûҵһߣһѹֵա
Сӣˣ
ҶĲѵʱһϵӱҶȻתһͨũվԼԶŸңŽţܾ𣬽ϻմཬ
˼ң⾿ô£
ҶũʵѾκϣˣݶ˵ӵĴȫˣҪʬ塣
ɣ
ũ̾˿תȥҶɵĸ󣬲֪ҪԼȥ
תƬԶԶأҶͿһƬ·أÿһͷǰһªʯʯϿߵ֡
ʯǰʯ̨ϻһЩƷ֮࣬𣬴ֽҷɢڿС
Ƕˣҽģ⻹һķ㣬Լȥɣũޱ˵
ҵķ㣿
Ҷһ㶣Ȼڷص뿴һҪһЩһͷͷǰʯϺȻ֡
ô£
ҶϽתѰ˫ۼ⣬ֱӿڵһѲƵʯͷȻʯΪԼĵ
ҺǣҶˡ
ҶЩͷ֮䣬棬ӵʯ˽ػʥ飬ɽأԼǵûлӣǴȥֶһжԼ
뵽һ㣬Ҳڻ˲һӦŽʯ屣ֱӽߵģ
磬㲻Ҫˣ
СߵǰԼƵ·ϵۣ
ʯ֮㽫С˳ϵƣѾȫԭˡ
ֻҶû׼Сӵ·СһֱǼƵ·Слһ
۲޴壬λǣҶǱˡ
Ҷڷصǰ˺ܾãũʲôʱߵֱ֪췱գ۾ʱվ
СڿʼҾ׸磬İɣһһ԰ȫĵطġ
Ҷ˫ĹâѾˣС͵۱Ծ۱ʵû⡣
⣬СԪ壬б󼰵츳ž۱ҲԲܾһСŵġ
ȥСȥСѾûүүû˼ңҲûдˡ
ССһ⣬۾ˮˮȻΡ
ãԺ͸ŴɣᱣģҶС򸽽һȥ
ϣҶСһ·ÿջϰֽ긾ŮСϴ軻·ִȥĳһ١
·С·һСһ㣬ͷС裬ͷƮ裬һŻһ㡣
Щ¸ȥˣ
Ҷݵķ˵
ˣݻһţҲҵǧ˿Ƶϵ
һݣȻ˾ҪףҪҲһˣ󻼣
ҶոյݵʱұϢѾ⣬ҶŵҲй¶˳ȥ
ô
֪Ϣŵξˣ˿ֻŲ
Һǿ
أټϻʯ֧ţԴ߾ǿߣʥصʥ
Ȼ
ĴȴҶһɱˣ
Ҷôģ
ȫɵˣ֪žҵһ֧һҶ϶Źǵġ
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ٿ˽飬Բߡ
ôǿĴжˣž͸˵ˣ֮Ͷɣһųһɬ˵
Ϊһŵĳϣ˵ĻҲı⣬Ͷ֮⣬¾ֻܱˡ
ԭԪŶû뵽һҶ֮Ԫֻʣһˣǲİ
˵Се۱һЮ۱˭ֵܵԴڵ۱֮µģ
˱һϢʱ˶ɵˣ
۱
м
ţΪ֮ƣֻƬҵˣڰǨܿǱȻصҵĸޡɬĽ
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ڵҶѾǵǸԪˣ̶ʱ䣬ɳһ۵ĵزˣ˼޵еķɡ
ԭҶͬģҶҪǿһߣڣҶһ˱㽫оԶγˣ֮Ѿȫûκοɱԣˡ
ѵҪڰǨɣ
ŵ粻
ⲻģĹľӪǧŴټĻҵ˵ˣ
ǲô
Ҷʵ̫ǿˣǿеļ£˵ҶԼսܹʵѾõеѹˣͲһССܿġ
ɶ񣡡
һȭǰϺõʯ촷ۣǲԸ⽫ټĻҵôװ׷ˣ
ţ¾ϰɣһҶĶסǾӶˡƿú
ţ룬Һǿأǽأ˵Ҷһ֮ɱ߰ٶˣŹ𣿡
ĵȰŰǨɽڲûա
˵ףһҶˣɣҶŹģҲ޹˵ðա
ǰţ˵ĺеٲϵĻһУǵ³ȻҸãһЩ̫ϳҲȰ
ȻǺܲģΪ˱ҪѡһҶϵ߶߲ˣҽǵİ
ҲֻˣڰǨʲôҪˣ̳룡
ķϵĻ֮ŵ¶˾ģڰǨ
һʱ䣬ҳһ࣬еӷַ˼ĸܴߵȫߣߵ֮һ棬һѻո⣡
ŵصУһ͵Ĵ̨֮⣬ų֪̂ͨ
̨Իװ֮󣬱ŵĵһնȥ
Ą֮̊́һըˣǾͨƵǿҲ޷ͨٵ̨ƲǾɵʲôطȥˡ




1466 
Ҷϵֻ֮ʣһƬĹڵѾϨڻҽлð
ǹ
ҶǰһĻ̲ס̾
Ѱ˸飬Ҳֻҵ˼Ĵ̨޷ܳžȥ
˵˵֮⣬ëûʣ£ȫ˴֮У
ŵĵ̣
ҶɴһϢŷɽ䣬ȴͯƵĵ
ΪͨڣҶϺܶͨˣûãۺͨ춯֮⣬ֻԪͨĵơ
ͨûܹͨ˺ֻ̣ҪʯĵطսɱǿǴսǿҲ˿ڻ¡
䣬Ҷ޲ꡣ֮⣬һЩѩصǿߣʵ졣
ΪԺ͵Ժ֮дϻʤҪԼʵҪġ
ৣ
еҶףȻ۾˫⣬Զȥ
ԶϢĳһӰֶǿɨƬɽӹÿһռ䡣
߾ǿߣ
ҶһȻδˣȴϸӦеϢ϶ɣ
Ҫߣ
ܿ죬ʥ㷢Ҷһӣһ
ৣ
Ҷ¼٣ǧԶɽһӰһɽϡ
¡
죬һӽǧɽУڵļɽƾ죡
ҶɫʥʵȻ£һأѹ
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СҿӣЦһƽȴھ԰ȫĵطͣ
֪ҶԴɱˣҪ˵ˣҼڣҲðա
ô֪
ҶɻȻٲǶôܣȴӦôͱԷҿ϶ĳطôҵġ
ҵ㲢ѣҵ۱ϢȭϢֻҪط׷٣Ȼܹҵһ˵
ԭ
Ҷ΢΢ü뵽ˣֻҪ۱һع⣬϶ҵ׷ɱֻû뵽ôѡ
ˣܵõҵľڣҲԵ֣ϷҲΪ㣬ֻҪ㽻ڣĨйؾںȭļ䣬ϷԿһһ׷ͯգɷǵߴȺ߳Ҷ˵
棬𣿡
ʥüͷ΢΢һ壬Сʵ
ܵõҵĵ۱һԵֽ֣۱ȫ޸ˣԿһͷҲص˵
١ΪԶҪҽڲ˵ҪĨҵļ䣬ǻ룡ҸǣŶûУƣ
Ҷһ˱ɶԷȴҪĨͻȻйص۱ȭһм䣬Բġ
ˣ㻹̫嶯ˣ
˿Ϊ⣬˵ҵĵ۱һ˲֪˲ջص۱쾭¡
˵ˣҪƣ𣿾ҵĵ۱Ȼа취޷߶ʧȥ˵۱壬ʲôƣ
˵䣬ƮƮҶٶȲ죬·뵽֮һ㣡
ĲԸ˺ǣǲһ·ҲˣҶ
ô˵ҲҵѪʵڲɱΣֵĻ¾·һ
ʱ֪жʥӼǿҪ죬ʧȥ˵۱ʧȥȭĻǱɡ
˵ôʲôֱӶ֣ȡߵ۱ϵΪĨȥйص۱ȭһм䣬ܷ꣬ҵС˵䣡
ɱڣЦ˵

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㣡
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ҶЦû뵽ջҪɱĬĬ˵ĸףҪֵģҲò֣ϣܹԭ¡
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۱һ𾪾ʮأܶϴеʥǿǰ鿴ô¡
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⣬ܶҲ۱۱һСʿеĻ޷߶Ϊ߶۱Ҫ̫ˣǾʥǿҲ򲻳Σ
ܹõһ۱Ļ̱ܹԼһ̨ס
Ƕĵǣÿһ۱Ǵ۵ӵд۵ĸ͹似ȵȣЩģ
ৣ
ʥͷϳһ;һģһڣɢֲܣҶɢĵ۱֮
һƷûʧȥ۱֮ǰѼϣһƷȻĵ۱ȲһأҲǳֲһ֮£ѣԲﶼữΪٻң
ͳͳס֣
һХƳգٽ˵أ޾ɲ׺ڲӿ
ৣ
âһһ£ͨͨ߳Ҷߣǿ֪δǣҶǰġ
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ʥڣ׳
סڣ
ʥͷһݣ֪ǰǳͨжǣٶ첻˵ʵҲǳǿ˵ļ֮һ涼Ķ֡
ˣһ߶۱˶ûܹ⣬ɲֲ
ϲҪֹȡص۱𣿡
Ҳѱ֮ǰִݺЦ⣬һ˵
Ժ
Ҷ׷ԺԺϲڣƴˣ
ҲֻҪԺĵӶѣϲҶ˸һҵ񣬶󵭵˵
˭֪µĵ۱֮ȡԼĶѵҲҪֹ𣿡˵
۱ĸϵ̫ˣ㾡ȫҲ־ڱصãûе۱Ҹ޷ƽƽ˵ġ
ҶСӣõģҲ
˵Ҳˣа̬ǿߣÿһ϶ŨķǾŴ󺷷ˡ
⣬˾ռʥҲˣ̸ʥҲˣ̫ʥҲˡ
ȻҲˣ˿æŲɱأҪһ׻ˣһ̨ڿУıشơ
ǶҪֹջص۱ȭ𣿡
һĻʥɫһ䣬ŭʵ




1467 

ĬȻȻǶ뷨ȴ˵óڣϾ֮ûɲȡء
⣬ȭҵĲ֮أǵϵΧӶûȨҪ˵Ҷһˡ
Ҳʲôɣ֮ܶҶԺĵӣڣ붯һë
ϲǿ˵Ŀ裬ֱʥˡ
ɷǣ׷ͯգʵȴûмûˣԪѾߵյ㡣
жʧģȻҪѰ
Ͼе۱ĵûе۱ĵԶ
һ۱ϴںʥأû˵۱彫ڵλ»
Ȼ쵼£ҵû٣һȥûе۱壬ұȻ˥
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Ҵʮ꣬ĲΪʧȥ˵۱û䣬ҪѰص۱
⣬ҶϰȭȭҰĸԲ⴫ԱҪջء
ϲҲһǿߣѵ˲𣿡
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Σȭ⴫һ˽ȭܣҽǳ
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ɣ
̫ʥվһ£δ£ȡ˫⣬òҪ
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֪Ըл⣬֪أϲȻڣʥ
λ⣿
Ų˵ԺԹɵУõֵҶˣԺ쳣
ڿɹ黹ǣǱҶȭйص۱һм䣡
ϲתͷҶ˵ܷұ֤չžеط⴫
Ҷоᣬ۱̣û˵۱ûռ䣬ٶȽĲԸ⽫۱ͳ
ԺԺڰҵǿƣؽԼ꣬ʱǵ۱ѱ鶼ᱩ¶ȥ
ðɣҷģȭ⴫
ƱǿôͦվϣҲΪԼʹоԶĵĿսģջǵԼȥԡ
ǺãˣҶڻǣ
ϲɨһۣʵǻ𣿡
˵ʲôϲԶ׼Ҫƫ̻Ҷڵõı֤ǵѡǵͷ۱ò
ʱҲˣССַϲƹڹעһС
УпȾʥǿڰпӣŻ֣۱ǵ˵Ҳû˿˼ɣ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôԺԺϲҲ岻ˣ۱ջ̫ˣ
ҶԥţҪҪڣϵĸԼΨһ룬ҲԼĵƣ
룬ȥǽӣﰲȫһЩҲܹʿи֤Щ˳ԺԺϺЦʥ˵
ʲô˼ʥ˫âϺʵ
ûʲô˼Ȼǵ۱Ļع飬Ҫ¡һЩɣҲȺ֪Ѱ˵۱Ҳһ壬˵أ
ϺΪԲͲκΰѱⷬ˵ùûʣʥë
Ҳãôɣ
ȻҪյ۱Ҳ֪ϺѲ˵ȥ飡
£ʥźǺƺƵȥҶߣԷб䣡
һȺ˺ܿ͵ǣױؿŵȶӳʲôʱôʥǿߣϽ˳ʹã
ڽһɲǣҶͻȻڳǰ¿һߣʵǶһûһڵƣ֬黨˻һ칷ȡ
ǡ
Ҷһ뵽ʱһ£ʱ¥ӵĸɱɱ֮ڣ֮ɱԴһ߽Դһˣ˵ġ
ѵ߾һλ
ҶЩɣϸʱȴѾʧˣ·ûдڹһ
ǿл칷ζĻҶΪԼضأ
ڹ˰
ʱڳҶһ̯ӣһͷձñ̯ߺţ⡣
ѵǻþҶֲȷˣ
ܿ죬˱ڳԣԺԺϲλãҶվڴм䡣
һ̣ҶĿĽ㣡
ˣڿԽڹ黹˰ɣʥ˵
Ҷ۱ǰɣ
ϲȻҪҶҲҪ˼ҵĸܣܹȡҶȭѾǳˡ
˵еĵ۱Ҫˣ˶ĿתĿҶȻϸӦ˵۱ϢǸӦۼϾһ¡
ৣ
âһһյɫĻʹڳҶͷϷ⣬м䡣
ÿһⶼѹɽֲϢúܶΪǳʿ̲סѪɳȥ
һЩǿҶ̲סɫҪĤݵĸо·һŵĴһ㣡
ˣܸѪѹʥ̲ס˵ź֮Ȼ㲻Ըȴֲѹ
ߵݣߵݣ
źа˵ʵڲҶߵݣ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ôܣôܼ۱أǳ𾪣һš
ǵ۱Լ飬ǵõϿɣûǿм
ȻˣǲҲԴ߶۱ɱֻۣǿûˡ
۱Ǵ۵ǹϵģҲܷ۱֮սˣҲͲ۱˵鷢
Ψһûв뵽۱֮սеֻɱ۵Ǳصżҵĵ۱ǰںգͬʱܴ߶
һ֣͸ǿɱ⣬Ҫһ㣬ܲôǿɱ⣡
䣡
һ죬ܶʿ˳ȥѪѾˣ⣬еһЩҲȻߣٴȥˡ
۱֣һսǽڣƱػһƬ棬ʣ¡
꣬۱һ÷Բ˴ݲɳĮ۱֮սǿ¶ˡ
ǵ۱֮
Ҷٽ۱ҿԲ׷ϰҲ֮ص飬֮ӣʥѵ˵
֮ӣ˵Լ𣿡
ʱһϵϴӾ߳俴ʥȵ




1468 Ϸ

оǷصһ㣬ø̶
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢطʣ˸һľ
ô˭Ҷʥǿ˵
ʲôˣ˺Ҽʥ˵ŵһӦ˵
꣡
ڼһ⣬ֱӽŻɳȥڳĴǽһεĿ
ȿȡ
صˤڳĽֵϣֵϵʯˣȳѪɫøѿ
һϵΪܶɼжôĿֲƺ͵۱ϵһˡ
ʱ򣬴е͸ǿҵս⣬ƺһ㣬󷢳
ɫ䣬ǿɲϣʱ۱֮սƴİ;ڷͻ
Ҫ֪ɱ۵ĵ۱ɱ۵ɱ¾֮е۱УԳƵɱ¾֮
ãȥɱ⣬ڱʾ˾⣬ƽ
~
ڳ˶һȻǸһ۱սĻǾԲ⡣
۱֮ǲ໥ģһı۱֮ĴսǽǻԵģ
۱ȫһͬڴ۵һֵֻɼжôֲ
ǡڵ飿
ɫ䣬ײֵģ֣ھڵ龹ȻԼˣ˵ʲô
û㻹ϵң
ڱ޸߳ɣҲָ֮˿Ի
һʼϲûдֻ֣ҪҲ̫֣һӵģϾǾ۵ĵ۱飬һиġ
ɵڣֲˣȻھڲҪҶˣҲԼ˵С
۱֣һ¼˶û뵽һȫסˡ
ܿ죬˱㷴Ӧֻ˿ȥô£ԣ۱˿̳ǲ۱عˣ
Ф﹧ӭع壡
ҲԾڵ飬Ծһǵ棬Ȼҵ
ߣعң಻ҵҲԸȥ
ߵ
⡭
ȫɵˣԭΪ˳ӭص۱û뵽ıʣ
û˵ı飬ָҶԹ˵˵ûʸӵоڣǴˣʸģ

ٴϵĻ˽Ծ
ʥͬʱҡͷʵڲ֪Ҷʲôɣ
ݵ飬ҶɽһͨСׯԻҵĺӶѣɽ·űɵ֮Ůͯ糿ɽţѵ鲻ɣ
ϵĺӣһ۵Ѫƾʲô˵ûʸ۵ĴУӵоڣѵƾǰֶβɣ
Խ˵Խɱɢŵʥڵأһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ԭѹ֡
ʱŻȻ򣬾ԺԺϲҲˣһֱΪҶǱţû뵽Ȼǵ崫ˣŴ۵Ѫ
ʵǣҶլʺ񣬹ѪĻϷһǣ
ѪһսҶѪ飬ͱˣϴ𣿡Ŀת죬˿ڵ۱ѹ£ûа㷴֮ġ
Ѫһս˶֪Ҷ٣ҵķ˽ٻңҸӹʮһ⣬Ψһ˳ȥ
һʼΪʵ׿ӲǶסҶ٣նɽٳɹǵûбΪһ¥ø
û뵽ʵȻģҶѪ飬һ·ֲ٣ǿȥҲβˡ
ڳܶ˶ɵأҶ飬֪ҶٵĿֲһ·ĻҲڶٻеһ
ϣѵ۱ֻּһǿ˲ӵУҶǿǿˣӦ۱мǿƿزУ
ʥž޴ѹ϶ؽⷬ˵
Ȼǵ۱飬ҲҪ۵ѵҲջص۱Ψһᣬҽûջص۱ˣ
ƨǵôԴϵģ˰ɣ
ϴŭֱʥǰָǵıӴĭӶǵϡ
۵ȷ˵ڵѾ֮ǰˣڵȨͣԼ˶Ҫ㣬ֱ۵ڸ۵Ĩڣ
У˵ʲôҶǿˣӵе۱ǾҿǸ䣡ҿСһǿߣҪڣҴ𲻴Ӧ
ƿžڣ˸ѪͷǶϵϣ綼֪ҵĺʷû˸ᣬʵȴ˼ɣֱӽ¶´ʧ档
൱ԼϣȴʲôҲ˵䡣
ſڣûüھͱһ˴֮Уߣ
žžžž
϶˵ֱĸĴӣֱӴȦˡ
ϵУûУ
ֱϷ֣Ŷ֪ԼΪʲôģȴһҲڵ۱ѹ£ʵֻСè䣡
һĻò˶ֽкãΪ˵۱ԼöŹֱ޲磬źã
۵ѪĻһƱ㣡
˵ԺҼ㣬һ㣡
ϡϾҵĽܳӣδʥ̳ˣкŽƼ壿
Ψһܹڵ۱ѹ»˵ģ˿̶ž޴ѹ˵

ߵʺʵȷԲУУҾҲͲԶˣ
Ϊһǿˣ۱ҪعңƹܲУܿ⣬Σ˵
ߣ
ؿһۣãȻ˼֣ǾĿԴɣ
±Ժ͵Ժ֮дˣʱҶԺս˵дһ£Ҷ䣬Ի۱黹ңҶʤҽȡڣΣ
ãһΪ
൱ʹ죬Ҳ֪ڣҪõ۱ǲܵġ
ֻҪºдսҶôڱعңҲصᡣ
˲۵ڵĻƾһ˱ܹԷɱˣ
˵һ䣬СӮ죬ʳԶʣСֵĻҲⷢǿһҴϳĨ𣡡
Ŀ䣬ɨڳˣ˵۵ĵ۱飬ǾԼ˼»ĺ˲ܹףϰİŽĻҿԽµѪĨɱֻһѪ㹻ˣǿŰɣ
⡭
ϵĻʥ˲ӺðȻľҶĿ⸴ӡ
¶оһΣյϢ·Դһֵʱп£ңĨɱɾ




1469 ˿
պҶȻصԺ
ϵ£Ҳû˵ʲôһǳһɫѿ˼㡣
ţϵڳĸӣ˶Ѽˣȴһ취ҲûС
൱Լϣͷ᲻һʱҡ
ҶС֣һҪɱ㣡
ŲҶϲȴһǻŭתƵҶϡ
ҶĻˣ
۱ûеõܴܴ裡
δļУ̧ͷ
Ҷɨأʥص֮ѪһƽһƬĳ촷ۣ
ǵûסˣڵ㴫˳ȥ𶯣˭Ҳû뵽ҶһͨСʿϾȻһ˲صĵ۱Ҳ̫ˣ
С̫ˣֱɱһŵ۱صҸɨƽˣ
ԵĺˣֶκͥɨѨˣҲŵֱӾڰǨûҸ棡
ǱȻģԴ߾ǿ߶ֲס۱֮ǿҲͨǿߣôǵѡ񣬷Ȼһ𡣡
ս˶㤣ۼ֤ұĳһЩĴǾþö˵
̫ˣ⶯õ۱Ļһ˭Ķ֣϶һ·򵽴۵ĸ߶ϰ
һ˸һصĹңǵǿ˿Ҳһ㣬Ӿ
˺ХĴһƬȻȫסˣһһ˳
ҵһսҶս˶Ŀ࣬ȻһҲƤֱ
ʵϣ֮ǰҶѾˣûж֪ɱ¥ӵĸ¥ңնɱǿӣŴĹھѪһսҵķˡ฽ŵ콾
һһڣ̫飬ÿһҶ
ǣǰ޶˼ɵ˶ĨɱȻ񣬵۱һȴ˶һ
Ȼǽ˵۱֮ϾҸˣ˱ҵĵ̡
˿̣е̣ŵĵ̣ȫˣԭţ㶦ֻʣһ֧ˡ
ĺȻףʶеһʵҶɵģҶһڲ֪неŵĳ̶ȡ
ֵͯ춼ϲ£ˣôҲû뵽һܹ˵ķչ׳󣬲ݶҲԼķֲ
ΨһЩźǣҵʯԺ;۱ˡ
ͯҲ֪ݲݣ֮⣬һЩҲڴƾǾסġ
һʯɱؽر̫ˣز㣬ȱٸ֡
ͨͨ˵ǾɰĴڣɶ磬Ǿǲ׺һڣ΢
˵ЩǿˣʥصӣҲвѾͻͨ
Щȣ̫ˣͲôĵ̡
ԭַؽĻ죬ϾԺ;۱壬Ҷ壬ЩԲ
һսҲǿҶУһɱɢֱĲˣ
ȥôˣܶ඼ڵǿߣڵĸҲкüλ̫ˣûжȫ˵ģʵ𾪣
Ӳһɳ˿ɵУ
ҶЩ˽ӵϢĵһͷ
Ҵأǿ߲ԴѾ߾ǿˣʥȴȫˣ
ɱ
һʱ䣬׳˵һƬȻ󲨣˺ܶ˵Ĺע
ֶΣĹ˿ԥֱӶõ۱·񣬺ɱۺգ
·˵ɱıǩƵ˷˿ϡ
ʣܶڰ߳ĿȻҲΪʸ֮ġ
ȻĺݶҲҶһսʵھˣ⽫ȫγҶ˸·˵
Ҫǣӵһ۱
ǿǵ۱дûвģȻ֪Ҳ۱䵽Уȴ˭ҲԸ
õ۵ĴУǵõ˿ȴ۵ߵĴУѹֻôǿ󣬻ĵõɱ۵ĲִҲ˵
ϴ֮·𣿡
뵽⣬ԲҶоԹߡ
ϹЩٿߵ׼һ
˵
ҵĸԴȻ󲨣ʬǺѪҶһ
һôģ
֪Ϣ°׹СųOͣһĲţ
ԴǿʥǿߣҶӵе۱Ҫ߶۱ףҪ˵ɱԴǿˡ
пܵľǣ۱ߣҶɱɱŶԣ
ϢȻˣ۱գƵ۱ɨˣƬɽ붼ĨƽˣɳĮ
ЩϺĵҲǽֵ飬෹йЩۣ
˵ǿҶʤһ
׳һ⡣
ҾûǿһЩϾڼгģСرõĵطиԴͼǿߵĽ̵ҶĲ֣
ҲΪɷϣҶȷǿҲǺͨʥȺǿѣһ͵ǿȣͲˣ
̫ˣɲһСŶѣܺ͵ȣ޷ṩõͷḻԴ
ÿһǳأֻҪʿڵĵطܹƵۣܶ˶ҶΪȻǿ󣬵ܶõ۱Ļɣ
ĺڴⳡ
ܶڴԺдĵ
˵ҶСӺδ°׹֮ƺϵУ𣿡
˰أ˳
ȷ˵ɵأҶ°׹֣ͷǿﶼˣһʮ°׹֮ûʲôϵĻɵӲŻὫأ
ʲôҶľȻ͸°׹ʮһݴ񰡣
˶ˣжǺÿһֵǣĻȻĳۡ
ʮСҩˣûʲôܵĹϵҲҶԵ޹ʵͳȥ
ĪǡҶѾŪ˶ñӴˣĻ֮ͲǱôˣ϶᲻ݰ
һȺ֮ͽΪܵóһ˵Ϣ
Ϣ·˳һʿ֮ˡ




1470 丮
ԶһЩ͵ĺ֮ͽҶ°׹鱻˺ü汾˵ĭҷɣ˽ζ
⣬ʦҫƼХ֮ĻǽֵĻ⣬Ū˼Ҽˣȥֱ֮ѡ˱չأ
綼ķзʿû˲֪ЩȻҲʹ˵Ķڣ
䣡
ŵ֪Ϣֱ֮ƷӣһһƬŵͷˣ籡ž·ȼλһ㣡
һƬŭȴ޿κΣ˵ڸһͷڶʢʱڣҲû취סʿڿڡ
ͬʱҶԺȴõõչˡϲԾԺһԴȫҶбֻҪܹҶʵԺ֧֣
ֻһǾԺ֮дʤܣҪܣΪԺ⣬ҲΪҶԼסڶŬ
һԺĵһƬȻ˭Ҳû뵽ԺϲȻҶ˿أ
û뵽ҶľȻǾ۲źˣѹôǿ󣡡
֮ǰȻһ㶼ûбֳɽ¶ˮؼʱȴˣ
ˣǾ۵ĺˣõ˾۵ĵ۱ȫУһõ˽ڴ۵ߵĴУˣֱˣ
Ҷع֮Ժ۷׷ףĽģҲмʵģзߺ޵ġ
ǺҶԭо϶ģԸ⿴˷⣬ȴһ취ҲûУϲûܸıʲô
ôǱô죿ӵе۱£һ˭Ķ֣
Ҳܽ۱˰ɣοǵĵ۱ѾƣҪѹĵ̣׾Բܳģ
ɳȥҶὫʥӺ͵ǿ˶ԶԶ˦³ļ֮⣬ƥˣ
ҶѰ
гҶ˹ͬҶıľ
ҶΪԼδΪԺκ͵ԺдҪӮа𣿡
ԺСϣӥҶ˱̸߱ǵĿԺ丮ء
ԺÿæѧԺеĸϾˣԺϲǵ͵˦ƹ񣬷Ըȥһ֮ͻصԼľȥˣҶȥѡǰµĹ似ӥɵϣ
š
Ҷû˵ȴصĵһͷ
ӥ˵ûΪԺΪ˱סھ˶ҵĶԹⳡд裬ԼҪӮ
ܿ죬˱丮أԺԺִϿ֮⣬Ҫ˵ѧԺеĵˣʦϽڡ
丮һݵϽʦ۱ֱԺҪ߰뱲ƣͷֻʣϡļֻʣƤͷˣȥթʬһ㣡
Ҷȴ֪ߵĲڷ·ݷһͷһ㣬һ쭣ؽս죡
á
ӥҲҵǰľһ˵⡣
˲Ǹӣϧˣ̫ͣزҺ嫵
΢΢ۣɨҶһۣĦһ̶֮
ţ
ҶȻľߵ۾УɱʱΣյ񣬷·Լֻ뻢ڵСһ㣡
ϣ˵ЦˣҵһʱҲô˵İɣӥɹ˵
仰Ҷľ߾ˣ
ӥɿȻʮҵӣʵ϶ѾˣΪǰһʱǿˡ
֪Ϊʲôԭѡ˹Ժһʦִϵλãõ˵Ļһɾˡ
ȴ˵һԺʱѾˣ˵ĵһο϶ǵһν̣ǵһԺѧϰʱ
ǰ˵Ҳˣѹ˵Ĳϲʱڿ϶ˣ
Ҷ϶ưɣԺô
߽丮ӥЦҶʵ
һ㣡Ҷ
ʵԺҲͬ˴ڣǾν̵һ֣׳һ֣
ӥĵҶ͵ԺԺҲһԼĵ̣塢оԶļʥءϴڵȵȣǶԼĵ̣
ܹңܴһΪңΪҵĵʮǰѾˣе۱ҲȫҸһǵĵ̳֣ԺҲҪһЩ۲п
νĵô𣿡Ҷʵ
Ȼǲ֪丮ſŵǸϣﵽʲô߶ȣ˵㣬ң󶼲󣬱عҲԺ٣
ЩԺ̵һֶѣԺ̾ǸʢһʱʥظΪǸʥزʵǿ󣬶ҵҲǳǿҲԺΪʲôλȹ̵ԭûĸԺĻ룡
ˣҶ֪Լжôңɵþһ亹Լ̫ðʧˡ
˵䣬Ѿ丮Ĳؾ󣬲ؾһΪ㣬ÿһеĶһ
߽һ㣬ӥҶȫԺԼǴӱѰĹûд۹֮⣬һЩŴĹܲҪ
ҶͷȷǲҪЩо۵Ѿ㹻ˣ̰ã
ΧһĹ伮Ҫ˵ҶǼٵģÿһܹĹԼĶ֮
һЩʥػϴڣǲûдĹ似ȴȻزͺ˵ˡ
һƬ֣ؾڶ㣬ڶȫǸ似ȭǹȵȡ
Ҷⷭһ£һЩֽе÷ǳȴԶѷȭһЩ似
似ⶫ󾫲࣬ҶѾȭȭڱ̫⣡
⣬ҲһЩǹûһǹܹ߱ǹȡ
ֱ˿̣Ҷ֪߱ǹǽǹΪһ壬еǹпνǻΪ򣬴ɡ
Ȼ˵ԺռЩ似̫෴Щ似õ磬һֶ޴ĺ䶯ΪЩ似ͷѪ
۽繻ߵİ
Ҷûѡʲô似ӥЦ˵Ҳѹ֣϶õ˾۵Уȭȭǳϣ似ʹģרĺã
ҶһЦû˵ʲôвûѡѡܹɱɢһЩǽ
Ҳ˵ӥ˵ľͲԣ˵ҲͦԵģҶ۹ȷЩޣķۣ
ĿЩˣ߰ɣȥ㡣
һ·ڶ㣬˳¥ݵϲؾĵˣҲһ㣡
һȥҶͷֵ㾹Ȼȵڶ͵һ˺ܶ࣬˸ӣ϶һЩ֮Ķ˸ŹâԶǱӡ˵ġ
һ㶼ǰ˵ȵȶΪӣ




1471 
Ժ丮еĲؾ󣬹㣬һ͵ڶǷù似ĵط⣬ȴһԳɿռ䣬ǽϿпռƣеĿռ䣡
һ㣬Ҷ֡
ͽӴһĶͺռռȵȣЩСȴռܴǬĶпռƴڡ
һЩ߼鱦ҲƣʵĵģȴȻսһЩǿռƵã
УҶ鿴һЩЩڷϣûбʲô
鱾ϼأչ鸯һ죬ȴһˣǿģֻҪϢ浽棬㲻١
ҶһЩһչ֪̽Щмصʲôˣ
ϲĽҶѡԺԴֻҪԸ⣬

Ҷڲ鿴˼֮ͻȻһдΪ𾪣
еõϢһֽҲͨ˵Ľϰ˼ԶģΪͨȴķʿԴ
ȷڴսУзĻ뱣ļʽܶ࣡
Ҷ֮ԼĴ֮Ƚһ£еĲʲôط
Ϊô֮ͬһ㣬ֻҪûгȥڶʱڿٸԭָս
£ǵĻĶֺܽ
Ҷ֤ܵĻʹ֮ϻʲôЧأ
һ鿴ҶֱۻңЩ廨ţǼ亱ģмпǴ
ȷ˵رԿߵκһ鱦ֻҪй߷ģԿƣ
ֱһּ˲ҶҲ˽ȻرķôҶǱȽǿģ⣬ϰɽͿرЩһЩ֮Ӧò
ɽֱͨˣֻҪʵﵽʥ̥㹻ǿʩչɽ
Ȼˣķɽ൱ģЩʥ̥ʿʩչķɽҲͶԸͬߵ;ʿźã
߹Ŀռ䣬Ҷٴηһֽ깲
Ҷ鿴һֽ˵ŷ֣һλԶŴĽȻˣǽǰһͨѣ
ֱ֣ͨ졢ءˡ񡢹κһо

ҶԥˣѾѡѡһЩǰµ
һҶһɳСĵĴȥĻҳ̽һ£һȻޱȣ
ôȤ
ӥɼҶȻ򣬲Цʵ
ûʲôôȻ֪Ǻö͸ҲȻ
ͺеƪһȻ֪һ򣬱Ȼǳǿ󣬿ûܲ͸ɼʽģĺ͸˵ͨˣ
뿴ǲȻ֮ģеľЩҶص
ܲĻǿ̫ˣѾ֪ˣ֪Ǻöȴûжܲ͸
ӥ˵ţҶѡϲѾҶѡ٣ߡ
ҶͷڲؾĵѰֱе򶼲鿴һ֮ҲûҵĶĶ
ҶѾˣһǴˡ
ǰֱǲģ
ֻܸпԺղؼֱ̫ḻˣ¾һʥеĶһҲûԺղظḻ
Ҷӽ쿪ʼͱչذɣúͲѡЩѧԺ潫ȫ֧㣬ʯһרŸȥ⣬ҲҪˣֱȥĵɣӽʥأûκ˴㣡
߳丮֮ӥɶҶ˵ҲҪмңⶼԼȡģҲԺ˼ҪлȥлԺɣ
ôллԴԺûչңҲûʲôɱģģѧԺҶһᾡȫȥάҶĵ˵
ˣҪ˵ˣǰ棬أ
ӥЦָָǰֻ˺ʯҰ顢𳤸ǰ
Ǽһ۰ɣֱӵȥû˻ģһ£ˣ˵꣬ӥɱﳤȥ
СӣܾûгԵտˣ˵ʲôҲ¶һְӭˮ˵
û⡣
ҶˬʵĴӦˣԴӸҶ֮ؾг֮Ҳûлȥ
Ļ˵ǣ֮ؾҲˣЩ޽սԵ⣬ȵѪʲôζˡ
֮ؾеЩƣڼǰо͸ˣΨһûо͸ľôҲס
ػɣǿɷأ
Ψһûȥǵĵط
ǵطҶҲ͸°ǣϣܿЩȴԾһһ
Ժ⣬ʯҰȥԣʱ㾭Ϊʳ֪ʲô޵óԣʿ˵Ǵ֮
ʵ˵ˣκһ޵⣬о綾֮⣬ǵʿǴ󲹣ͺɱʿʳһ
ʿѪ̺˵һǴ󲹣޵һ̺Ӵ
ʱԶɽб㴫˼ʯҰ˲ݸʯҰĿζģһ޸Ͳķۡ
ţдҵԶǷ˾ҵĴ򶷣
԰ǺɢжģһﲻǸ߻ɣ˺ɵؿԶ˵
пܡ
ҶͷǺǿҶԵĽΧľʴˡ
޳۵ñȱ˸ԶȻûпս龰Ҳǳң
ȥæ
ԸµĹȥˣҲģʯҰսĿãпʥʯڣɱһͷӦò⣡
˵ˣԺȻûн޸ϾɱҲвԺӵ޵ģ
ȻսܿͽˣţڲԶַһսͬúܼңһƬƬɽֱݻ٣һСɽʧˣӲ촷ۣ
ʱʯҰͺһǰһĻˣһͷ߰˰ٽĽǮʯҰϹһ׵ľ޴򼡣
һĻ鲻һüͷŮԶĶﱾܵĻп־οôһͷ򼣬ѾԻˣȴûлΣѡ޵ķʽ
УŪôණǳԵ𣿡
˾Цӭȥǽӵɽ֮С
Ͳ˰ɣȻо綾úʰһ£ζ޵ˣʯҰмһһ߽һ߽СϪߣҶȥæ
ҰζҶȻİЫӡ򼡢ߡ֩롢ܣ嶾֮ܺ֩⣬ζ
СʱΪоҩûЩ棬ȻҲûٳԣʰⶫǺоģ
ųеǿˣ˵ҶӮ𣿡
ҶǱæ̲סʵ




1472 
бգԺɽһƬֻһЩСڵ
ɽ紵֦ɳɳ죬һ˵ҶΧһΧԵòֺ
ཹðڹˮвϵķڣǴðġ
һ׳򼣬նͷȥβٰƤȥҲһٶβ꣡
ͷǮǱҶֱӰƤţտ
һ̳̳ƾͷ˵Ľűߣ߳Աģòʹ죡
Ҷӣ˵ԺдϣҪУа𣿡˹һھƣڻ̲סʵ
̹˵ûգ
ҶʵشΪ֪쾿ﵽʲô磬ʵΣ

ҶĻһĬ
ϵҶȫû˵۱Ҷ׶༪ˡ
ңҲЩ壬Ҷв֮ļп֣ܰ
ǳǿһУ˵ǵһ˿Ϊ
˵һ£ǰһǿдһӵʱ䣬㽫ǿ˻ˣǿѹ
ͬΪǿˣȴܹǿѹ̬սʤ֣ʵɼһߣ
⻹ǰ飬Ľ죬ǿʲô̶ȣҲֻܴ֪ˣ
һԿսǾڵԺһԶХҲ
Ҫ֪ÿһǿߣĶǷǳ԰ģܹľɲ׵£
һ߶֪ȫХ̬Ⱦܿʵս·ǳǿ
㶼ҪӮǿɲϣʧȥֵܣЦеĶҶ˵
ɸżУ̡Ҷ˽ҫХϴٵģ
һֹߵĹϵȻϣҶ
ڵңһǺøȱȱڱʯûٱŴ󺷷ϴ١
ҶֵܣҲﲻʲôæһжҪԼŬţһӮģ
껵Ҷϵףں͵Ժдܹ֣Ӯдʤ
ⲻǶҶԼǶԺʿһּ
һֱԺԺѹһͷԺĵǸⲻˬ
һΣͨɸżսǷ֣ԺȷǿȴҲ޷սʤģһдϣԺܰһ
ҶܵܣôҪǰæľܿڣֻҪܰﵽ㣬޷ˣ˵
ΣûбֵúҶʮǣҲû˵ԼԮǽ˶ˣǻۡ
֪ҶͱһŮռˣ֮Ǻн
һ£ѡ˳ȻҶԵ֣϶һԵҲǿ
жǿҶƴȡʤ
Ҷһһⳡϵ̫κʧ
һγĬ
Ϊνд裬ͱȫͬвеģв͹Լ
дȫûУνд裬ʵʵսûκιأֻҪд˫ûģôд轫Զȥһ
ʲôǿˣҾͲаȥ𵴣ʯҰ˵
ĻһۣǿĲ˵˵ģͺʥصʥӣǧѡģȻǿĵط
ۼ侪˻ʼȻȴζǲǿ̫ˡ
ξ۲ͳԵ൱ˣÿ˶˲پƣǵΪ˵ֻҪȥþƾãûκ˻
ٽⱻǷʳɾÿ˶ϰٽͨ˵ġ
Ա֮˻صѧԺɢȥҶҲֱȥ
һ·ϣܶԺĵӶ׷Ϊľͣϣܹսʤ죬ΪԺü
߽ҶؿԺΧ¾գγһ΢ƽ⡣
ڴҶԾһǰĵŲʣ·ûһ
ԴˣҶδ⣬ֱӽܵˮϴˢԼ塣
µĽݣҶܿ˵㣬ĲԪŨŨ񣬼ճҺ壡
γɵģŨһ̶֮󣬱תΪҺ壬ٴŨγ
ɴ˿ɼҶ͸°׹ʮǶôˣ
һ·Ҷ֣¶һ㶼ǿפأ䣬¶ǧˣÿһ˶ǴӹײĶһ㣡
Ψȴûˣܾĵģȴڰ룬Ԫ͵֯һĻ档
Ҷ룬ֱϥ˵룬ԼϷеǿӡ
תԪ͵γһ籩εذΧУҶë׶Щ
Ԫ͵Ҷ֮ض·֮㴢ĵ̥ʮѨе̥֮С
һ̣˶۾Ծ¿ȥʲôûп
ĽϷǳأܹۣ޷鿴澿ʲô
һǿԿ϶Ǿ϶˲ͬѰһĻΪͬʱоĲԼˣ
ʲôΪͻȻˣ߲ǲ⣬ػϹŶȴŲ³ֻǸ𾪡
ʲôܹڶʱ˿ֲĵѵ½Լűˣ
еɻ
Ҫ֪˵޵ģͺñһﴵһֻһǾһը
˵ҲһģЩõ˺õĵҩʯȴ޷յҪԭ
ҩʯж̺ӴԪһΪǳʿͲһôԪǳű˲ɣ
Ȼ
벻ǣҶһԶҲ޵׶һ㣬ܶԪǽ뵽ľѨȥˣֱ뵽Ѫ֮У
һ̥ǰɱ䣬ֻҶڻûзֶѣѪǣһδεѾ̵һ˼ĵز
أڵ£һɱ俪ʼˣر仯
һɹͻƣԿ۷ǿߣΪϱ壡
۾ǿ󵽺εȵزܴʵĸ
ܵı仯Ҷ̲סԼ




1473 
ϲůʪ󣬺һдеɽԣư磡
ϼ룬һƬ֮أԪӯˮ޴Уɽˮȣ±·ҩ˼ɾ
һλۣ۵ĺĵطҲҵأǳ֮أ
ǵϵӣϼϽκ˽룬˵صеصء
ƬϼУһչعĹŶΪ涴ߵ۶
ÿһΨǿ˲ʸ۶бչأµ
һ죬ϼ۶ϼ籡ŨԪ·𻯳Һ壬ʹâ˸
䣡
һ촫̳УһħӴӵ۶߳ǿƣεƽΧһжݻˣ
꣡
콣һɨʣʵʣߵƶ䶼ˣƾˣ
޳࣬¶Ƥ˸Źͭɫı⣬絶һ㣬Ƿ
üб޼䣬һ˫ޱȣƺǳڻ𣬺ڷɢڼϣһѱӣ
ڳˣ
һ콫˶ˣ˷׷ͣе飬۶۾˸ϣĹâ
֪һ죬һǿˣһѩǰܵʱҪˣ
죬
дһϵ漴ʥ֣ղ飬ԶһƬǰĿյȥǳƮݣ˼o
˵ͨʿֻҪﵽܹͨٿؼĳԪأͨУǾѾoˣ
Ϣʧֻһɫ˿һƮȻ򹬵ǰĿյȥ
ܿ죬㽵ʥǰ峤ʲô𣿡

ʥ̾һԭԭ˵һ飬찡ܷӭص۱һѩǰܣͿˣɲҪʧ
û뵽ұչصʱ䣬Ȼô顭
ŭ£˫һɱ⣬૵Ҷһɱ㣬ӭҵĵ۱㣬עһʧߣҽϵ·һ̤ʯѣ
˵úã죬Ǽ˥һˣȫ֧ģҪʲô˵ʥ˵
ҪıչأѾԽͨ۷弫£ʱпͻƣٶԴûãҪһͻƵ
ŵ˵˵ҶСӲͨڶѣΪǣͬ磬ɱҲ´࣡οѳԽͨ۷弫£
һ£ҾӦ֪
ʥһ紫°׹Ҷ֮ĳϵ˵˳
ʲô£
۾ʱˣΪˣ̵飡
ȥʣô£
ȥ°׹ʸף鷢½ҥҲУ
ΪǿˣԼϧں°׹ĻԼϸǿüأ
°׹ĺҶʲôϵĻǶֱһĴ
ΪˣԼŮ˶סк㣿
˵ԺңΪʥˣ
Ϊ壬Ȼȱ͵Ĵ̨ЩƴĴ̨ɴһҲûС
ҾεҴֱ̨»ʳĻʳУҲǱ֮ϵ
վڴ̨ϣƣһâ˸һ֮ţͨ޾գ
ԥһȥ֮ʧҲ֮У»ʳɶȥ
ĻʳȻԶ䵽ڣʮ꣬һֱʢޱȣû˿Կ⡣
⣬һЩͨĹȺϴڣױȵĲഫУеĴ񳯻ҪԶ̲ѷɫ
ҪǣѧԺ֮һĵԺλãʳĵ㣬ռ൱һСĶǡ
Ͷͬ򲢲ռʲôɽ󴨣ɻʳǣÿһʳǶиƣǿо£ʮԪ͵Ϊã
Գסڻʳк͸ʥصЩνʥЧһġ
ԣ۹һϴڡʳؾݻеľÿһʳǸһĴ˿ʥ١
ʳǳһĸ֣ٴأͥ
»ʳư磬ޱΰռؼ㣬һϵĲǣ͸ŹϲɣϢ
Ÿߴʮ޲Ŷжӵǽ߲д⣬ųǻס
ʳ죬һƬΣһ֮أؾеľ֮ء
ʳںûһ˿еΪԼˡ
쾶ֱʹΰ׳Ĺм»ʳĻһˣۣͷڣƽдλеϣ
常Сֶ˴ǰЩ°֤һ£Ҽ𣿡
ȻſҲ»ǰ¶㲻˼⹧
ŶʲôҪһˣȸ˵˵𣿡»˵
һЩ˽¶ѣ常ģ
ЩΪѣ£Լ»ô˵
ǲɣ°ɸżл֮չˣκˣʱ䣬Ҳܴ
»֮ԣҪһˣ°׹ڱչУκ˶ΪδҲУ
ȻҾ͸˵˵ɡ
룬¹ҵһҪУ㽫ڵһЩ»˵һ飬ʵ常ǲбҪһ£ҵΪ
ԭ
»Ƭ̣ҡͷ˵ֶСɸżеȷҶǸߵЩ֮便ûʲô飬ҲһлҪȵС׳֮ˮʯ㻹ٵȵȰɣ
⡭
ЩΪѣû뵽ԼԶյˣȻõһĽ°׹չˣκ˶
һ֤°׹Ҷ֮便ûб˿˵ЩĹϵѾˣ
ѵң
ԺͻȻðһͷͷ͵һ
壬Ȼ°ڱչأҲţһˮʯҺ°һף
˵ţɱʢ£Ϲǣ򹬵ȥ




1474 ºݻ
»ʳûмգһ·Ժȥһ绮ʣɽڽ¿ˣ̶죬ԺԶˡ
̫йҶ°׹֮Ĺ£ְ汾УΪ°׹Ҷ֮ϵ
˵ɵأҶľȻ͸»ʳСʮʲôĽ飿
ϻʱҾڳ֪ܲҶҲ˵ã٣Ӳһʮ
ǿôͳȥǾԲãͣôԼҲҪһ󲿷ֲУ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ»ʳСѾҶСӵŮˣ͸ԼŮˣԼʲô𣿻ֺ»ʳΪԼһǿԮɵӲŲأ
ܰɣ°׹ǿδޣǽţ̣
̲ô죿ʱûأͲ֪Ѿ֪ˣѾˣԴѾ͵ˡ
Щ۶»ʳı߾ǳеһ¥ģһЩʿߺȱģ̸ýζ㷢쭡ɱ䡣
ҶģɱĲΪˣ
գǿŭ⡢ɱ⣬֮ŭйΧ޾ߣЩֱͨӱˣڷ
ڵԺΧһƬããɽ֣ʮԳ仢Хষδε档
ҲǵԺðյ԰ΪǿĵӾ߳ѧԺƬçɽɱĥԼԴͶѧԺĹ׵㣡
ȻˣѧԺǧûʲôǿޣǿҲʥ̥ڶѣʥ̥۷޶ټ
çɽĸأͨޣкڣ߾ޡ
Щ˻εȴѡ˱ȻٶȻսǿǾˡ
ͬ£ǿҲδ޵Ķ֣Ϊ޶츳ͨǿͷһ֮ͬ£ֻһ;
𡭡
һֻնһƬӹʣɢǿϢ˸
໡
һɽɵһɽ壬˫צ콣һ㣬һɽץˣ·жһ㣬ɽץһ㹻׳ľʧԶգ
໺𣡡
ϣһͷܷ쭣һͷʰ쵣ɳͻԴĵϡãоһö޺˺һڵøԴࡣ
޺˺ڵܽͻʬţԶһ޴ɽȥһͷв޶ûУʣͷһ
ţ
Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ϊܶ޵ʵһһ鷳
ڴ󲿷»ǲԸƴģһ̫Ļǻǻ֯ǿзġ
Ŀ̫֮ɱ֮УַΨһ淨
ͻᱻ̭Ȼѡ񣬲κÿһޣԼֶκɱﵣ
ԽԽԺˣѾӦеԺĵӻļ󣬿еԺĵɱĥ¡

ھԼİһɽХںһͷͨ۷޲ɱ
˿̣ѾѪҲۼ׷׷ɣϲ˿ֲ˿ڣһͷۼ׷ᣬʵ൱ֲ

Σʱһȭۼ׷ᣬ͵ȭâ˺գֱӽɳۼ׷ϣ̵Ѫһ㽫Х˸ͨ͸
졭磬ڻˣ
һĻХдϲæ
ͷۼ׷᱾Ѿǿ֮ĩܿˣȡڵ޺ˣХָʵ
磬ֵҶˡ
ܿ죬Хָ߰˳ɣߣһ߳ſһ
ХԼɸżбҶ׷ɱϴٵԭԭ˵һ顣
Ȼˣ˰ڳ˵ıɽҲûҲ⼸һֱԺɽɱ޶ȹҪԭ
һԸˣѧԺоȻһЩ֮õĵӾȻŭ㶯ɱˡ
ʱ䣬ҫǳ׳ˣǵԺĵӣһЩʿҲ˸˵ԳΪѡŭɶ
Ʋ⣬ҶĻ쵰ʵӦúչǰ£ڴﵽʲô̶ˣҪ֪ˣХ˵
ߣ
һǿҲҵĶ֣һ˺~
磬ɴ⣬ػɣϴҺҫĺܾܿĻпѾõҵѰХ˵
İɣ̵ĲҵȭѣȭұˣҲڣ
ţҶмһˣ˵ϴ˿϶㲻ҲʺӱҪͷϣ
Хͷô죿ҶһѧԺ¼ЩĿ⣬һ̲סɱˡ
ô죿ȻȥҶСˣ
ɱȻ裬δޱֵܱۣҲʲȥ
ڣ
ûڣ˫ɱ⣬ңԺķ͸ǿɱ⡣
ԺѾ鶨һжҪȵԺдϽȥԺԺͬģХЩԥ˵
ǲѧԺȥĲ³ǣĴֱ̨ȥԺ˵
˵߾ߣ˻⣬ϵĲ³ǣһʯ̨֮նȥ
³Ҳһϵĳǳأ˵ϹҲһϴڵʥأԲܹɴĴʹ̨
ԺɽУ𵴣âһХ˴ֱ߳ԶԺȥ
ʲôôԺ
˸ոսӽԺ㱻һѲߵĳʵ
ҽ죬ǵԺĵӣҪԺҶͨһ
ҶģҲԺҰֻƢ
ԲҶڱչأκҲذɣ
ֱ
뵱ͷڹȻ̰֮ܶͽХ̡
ô룬Ժ֮Ѿ鶨һеȵԺдϽҪӲĻԸҲ൱ǿӲ
Ϊʱô
ŭ٣ҰѻԺдҪҶսǵ棬ְ




1475 սǰϦ
ԺԪ뵣籡ɫĴڣʥء
Ҷĵ㣬ϵ䣬緢κ¶ŲʣȫԼľС
Ҳ֪ѧԺ沢ûн¸´ľޡ
ĹУҶϲԺؾõڽ깲ĵһ͸ˡ
һҶãָ׼ۼǿߴģпǴµ
ԭָ漰ܣ깲񣬹ͨɱΣǴǻ۲ܴ
һǡ֣깲ºӵԽֱ
Ҷһռģ⣬һʼûʲô򲻶ϼԳ
ֳڣбһӵķţĵһ޴ġ֣ɱһС
󲿷ʱ䣬ҶʵռжȹģԪ͵Ӽ̣ɢžӨı⣡
˲깲֮⣬ҶͬʱҲһر
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տر˵ÿһʥб꣬Ҳ飬ǿеԼ֪
رǻԭͨκ鱦ʥ
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ǿرȴһЩƤëЩطҪԼϵܲ򣬶ԵҪǳߡ
ԱͲͣҲּɬѶˡ
ϵܣҶһЩرİأһʩչʱӰֵȻ΢Ӱѡ
Ѿˣ֮Ծһ˲䣬ֻҪպûᣬؼʱתرȻɾ޴鷳ܹı
һ̣ҶԼĵƺ˲٣ɱɢֺͿر깲ɱﵣͬûвȫ
£Ҷ͸֮У޴ĹΧţ˿˿ƵԪϵıʮѨе̥Ӱʵˣһ̬죬·̥һ㣡
ʱһȥԺ֮дʱԽԽˣҶûһص˼ҪŬԼʵ

ͬʱ
ңԶԺѧԺһƲɵһѧԺɽĺȥɱһͷ
һͷ۷ǿޣźɫƬ⾫𣬼ǵǹ룬֮ٶ죬ݵܣײнƻɱ
ԺȺǿǰȥɱȴꪳɳĿУԳƵǵԺһĲ
ΪĥµԺЩŵǣԺĸֱ߲ɳڵǿߣֱӽɱ
ԣ֮Ժˣ˭Ҳû뵽ڹϣ쾹Ȼľ
磬㲻Ҫ嶯񣬵ȴԺдҪ
Х֪Ϣ̸֮Ȱ衣
İɣҲµģʱıչأҵΪѾﵽһƿȥҲʲôãҪһսѰͻƵƽ˵
һȥҲиӦһսͻƵĻҲֵܰһ󣡡˵죬ХԼҲһȥ
ˣúɡܾ֪񣬱Լһɣǹء
ǡðɣһСģȫһ㲻ɱͷҲҪðա
Хļ֪Ƣ˵ķ
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֮Խк֣ΪϺīĺ֮⣬û֣һȥԶɽİѩ֮⣬ѩȫïʢĺ֡
ںֵһڲȪˮ¼ͣԶԶ˱㣬ȴʼղ
ڲȪУɱͺ֮⣬ҲϮ࣬ܶʿϿ·͵Ϯˡ
ǳһ·ϣܿһЩǿޣûк濹⣬ΪЩޣʵԶܿģ
ƬɽǧеȻ٣찴յͼϱעλãܿӽ˲Ȫ
ֱӽƬֲŷͷĿֲ֮ԲھȻûκ޸ҿ
ΧŲȪֱһЩ֮С֮⣬һͷʥ̥޶ûУһЩðʧԪ޲֪Ĵ
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ꡭ
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һҵĽһͷʮ׵ĹӺ̶мɳڣС֫βͺܳһ˫С۾˸ײж񶾵Ѫ⡣
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һ˫С۾ס˲Զ죬ʶ䴫˵
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һͬʱʩչͨؼȻŭţ޴ķдڷƬϣ֮л𻨷ɽ
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޴βͳֱӽɳȥ·ƬƬ飡
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ţȼԼӲսһأĽֱӺ䵽ǰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
սٴο̶̼ȪΧѾݲеĲˣƬľʧɽ屻ϣѿһѷ졣

ͻڵǿƻɱ




1476 
պصԺʬӿռȡ
챻ˣͷһ޴˿ڣԽѣ޺ѾȡˣڵҲȡߣֻʣӴʬ塣

һĻԺܶӺʦ϶ˣһĿɿڴ
ΪǿóͷѾ۷壬ͻƵˡ
Ҫ֪첻ͨ۷ѣ
ͨ۷ʿɱڵޣܹˣָһЩʱδؿ
ܲ𾪣
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첻ǵǿˣʵ̫ǿˣ
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ʵͬʿǶˣ
Ҫ֪˵ԽһСսʤֲѣսʤһͷ޾Ͳôˡ
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һͨʿͬȾ£Ͳ޵Ķ֣ܹͬսʤ޵Ѿˡ
쾹ȻܹСɱһͷʵͷͬ˵ޣ˵˺ܶ⡣
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ȻҶҲͬǳд϶ǲõ۱ģûе۱£ذɣ
ڵ֪¼֮󣬺ܶʿΪҶαذܣͬţ֮ȴһ磬Ҷսʤ죡
һʱΪÿһǳأÿһ¥ֻҪʿۼĵط̸¡
ҶԵ۱ɨңϳ֣ҵ鼸ܶ۵üȻҲ֪֮ĶԼ
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Ȼ
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Ϊ˫֮ʵ̫ˣʿ֮ͨÿһС綼ǵ蹵νݡ
ֶΣҪսʤԼһĶ֣ǲܵģ
ɷϣҶȷǿԽսȻҸӳɫ

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ʯĺҵԺϺ꣬˵ʱԺʯ󲿷ֶҶСӸˣȥ¸µԴȥˣʯǱֳٳûµʯҪ벻ˣ
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ҶѾ˾飬Ȼ̲סļ£һԺд쵽˰ɣ




1477 Ƚ
ھԺдʱԺǿߴ˷ϵԺ֤һĿʢ
Ժ֮дÿһжУصԺһԺдڵԺеģʮдԺӮνҰܡ
һֵԺԺϲǸԺϺ꣬Ժ˶һɾ
˶ϣεдϰһǣǿԺѷڵԺ
һʱ䣬ʿӿԺѧԺеСȫʿûһͨˡ
Ժĵӣ˿Ҳ˺ܶ࣬˭çײ˵һСľͻײһλҵ
ٵùһ㣬ֱܻӲʥһλ̫ϳϵĽϣЩûпܷΪ˿̵ԺУ̫̫ˣ
ȻˣԺԺëϺҲǰдЩ˵ģȻ֮βեˮưոݣ
ʱһȥĸҲԽԽ࣬ܶҲʥ̫ϳϼǿߵ
ۼȻҲˣʥšסԺ׼õķУĵȴԺдĵ
ͬʱԺҲڽŵ׼ţѡʮӣԺԺд裡
¹ѧԺ͵λԺȻ֮⣬ХҫҲС
ͨԺĴʹ̨ԺԺ츱ԺһڳϺΪ׵ʮܺգϲԺ
Ժܣɽ룬ʵͷԺλãβ⡣
Ժһ˵һļͣûԺȥֱԭϢ
ԺԺǰΪʲôϢҪͣأһһԺĵԺӲʵ
ٺ٣Ȼǵӭӿ
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ⷬ˵ԺڵóϷ
ԺĵӶԸʥءϴڣԺһѧԱкܴȻԽкǿΪһȣ
꣬ԺдϣԺûӮҲΪԺԺ棡
ǵԺĸ߲ҲôΪЧԺĵŰҲˣǱĳͷǳ߹ڵ򣬾Ǳ׼Ķ
ڵԺЩдĵУХҫȴһֱ˫ۼ
ķһΪɸżϴǣǰڳƵģȻҶɣ
ȻˣдǲҶΪҶΨһĿǵĴ죡
ǣѾʧȥ˺ҶΪֵʸ񡪡ɸżУҶܹǻܣХ׷ɱǧô͸Ҷˣ
зǳƶǾ޴ģ˵ҶǿҲԲĶ֡
ڵԺǿߵԺʱԺԺ͸Ժһǿ߱Ѿֻû뵽ԺȻôųҪӭӲſϽԺ
УԺԺϲƬ̣ԺǰȥӭӣҴűԺĵѧԺڵţǲҪų𣿸ų
Ϻһϲ˼ʱЦټ˼ѧԺӵˣʮˣƺƵ߳ѧԺţڵɽͷȥ
ϲ˼ȷǲǲ𣿺ðȻҪųǾԺӵȥӭӣ
ܹƹԺǼԦԺϺ꣬ϲҲһһӻˮĺݽɫ
ȻˣҪڻǲٵģô˵ԺҲǺƽƽĴҪһأ
ܿ죬Ϻ˵ԺϢɽͷЦеĵ֣þòҴԺǰӭֺ͵ԺλԺɣ
˵ţϺһ֣ЩӵģջģˮʿǷ׷ųţģȴһҲֵķ緶̻ϢŨ
ԺԺɮüͷϺЩͨʿϲأΪʲôûУԺ˴βдĵأôҲûҪһͣ
ͣʲô
Ϻգ۾һãȻӣԺ˼æдʥϾǲдĵӶΪǲӭӣҴ;㹻ˣʲô𣿡
㡭
ɮһ˿ŭĹâһҲգҵҪϲڸʲô飡
˵꣬ɮһ֣ԺվһӴϢѹʮΧ޶оĪѹ
ȻԺЩջ𡢵ˮͽͨʿ͸Գѹˣһɫ䡣
Ϻ磬Ϣֵס˴󲿷ֵƣЩע̬ٳõԺ˿Ц
ԺͱˣϺɫҲһ˲䣬Ц˵Ǹλʹ·
˵䣬Ϻһ֣ЩӵʿϽԺſڷȥٴȥ¾ϺֵЩǿƣҲܲ
ܿ죬˱ԺĴſڣŵͷͦıֱԭݵҲʧˣһԵø⾫
߽ѧԺţ˳ſʯ·һֱԺĹ㳡
ڹ㳡ϣԺԺϲǰӥɺһѧԺĳϣٺȾԺĶӡ
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â˸ƣ·һζһ㣬ǧ
֣þòˡ
Ժһϲǰ΢Цӭȥ˿жԵ̬ơ
˵˵겻Ϊƺһ̨ףǿϲɺأ
ԺԺɮҲЦӭֻֽһ𣬷·Ƕδطһ
Ժ͵ԺĶУȴһɳս⣬˫һ໥ӣ˿Լս⣡
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һ㶣ԺУȻûзҶӰɵһ
첻λԺںѣǰһվڵԺǰĿֱԺӣҶΪβڣǲˣ
˵ʲô
˭ˣ
˻һԺ˶ʱŭ
ת˵Ļ۱ǰͷҿԿһûԺӵŭ⣬Цѡ
ÿĿߵ
ϼҲֻҶ㣿Ҳգôˣ޵𣿱ˣھ֮ǰҹƨǣ
ðɣҶ֮ĹϵǳȻҶҶΪʲôûҲ֪ʱǾԲ˵ģ
ΪҶΪԺҪ⣬Ŵ󺷷˵Ҳû¹˭
Ǻɣ֪㣬ԺȺνĶӣҿ߹ѣһ˾Ϳ԰ȫ
Ŀ˺һۣǿޱȡ
㡭
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ǿȽ󣡡
Եŭɶʱһ쳹Ժɽ֮ؼ
ۣ
һЩΪ͵ĵӱѪȻˣ
ҶӰ㳡




1478 
Ҷ·һԺлصþòɢ
ৣ
ɫȻøѿ˫ضŴҶ
ԺһŭĿҶǶ˵Ҷǿƣȴû뵽ҶеĻҪǿƣֱӵŭ⡢죡
ãҶӣ˵úã
Ц죬֪СΪǿˣʵжֲ
ǶҶģ
˿̣ҶǿƻӦú
Ҷô
ӦͨڵΪûдﵽͨ۷壬ͬţһСҲԨ֮ôĶ֣
˵ֻԪһ۵Сŵĵӣ͵Ӵȣ޷Ტۣ
ûʿСҪһõҲ⣬Ψкõٶȸ죡

ҶǿƳֺͻӦʱڹ㳡һССɧԺһǿߺʹԺдĶӵȻǰۿ
һЩɢҲˣҶǿƵĻӦ׷ûΪҶĶ֣
˿̣һͨɢЦǿɲһҲûзϲ񣬱ˣɾʹλĶͨ˳ûһλ۵Ĵ˵
ûλֵ˵ܶθڣʲôǿˣĹȥкܶǿˣһʼȷžޣôѪʮﵽͨ۷壬ɽôأͷӣ
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ȷˣǿˣδ۵ĵʯѣȻûгɾʹ֮λս֮ûĶ֣׼۾۷ǿҲУȴһ¶ĳЩǿˣȴһĵǿ˴Ǳܣӣ
ʱһ֮䴫ݵĴҶбۿ죬һмӣ
ⷬúܶ˶еˬȴûһԸһͷһʶĻǾõۣ
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һǰҶ˿˵䳰ȷеҪ¸ôһ㡣Ȼˣôٷϻ¼°ɡҪսɲҪ˵㲻ң
ԸдϣһսҶȻǿƻӦ
ʲô˻ȥдҪսܾģ
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תһ룬ȻԺ˴󷽣ԼֺαسǿأõǵõֵϢܸõطӳǱ
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Хϲɮͬʱд˸ͻһۣĿѧԺȥ
˸оʲôȴ˵ʵԲ֮κһ˲ʵͬһˮƽϵģ
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ڳжʱ˸ͻղǻ̸йҪ˵Ϣû뵽ǿ̾͵ˣ
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Թ˵Ժ͵Ժ֮Ҫչ֮д裬켸ǰλɣ
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ܶĴͼ嶼л޵Ϊ׽һЩСޣСǺ֮ĸ顣
ܶʥغϴڣǿΪɽޣЩɽѾûжˣٻᱣࡣ
仰˵֮䣬ȫһĻִ۵ʱȫĨȥ
Ȼ۲û۶һ仰ƽȣ壬ڵλ˵ƽȵģû˭ū˭˵
򣬵۵ʱҲȫĨȥĴҲû
Ѿȫˣķ룬ǵ۽뷨˶ǲͬģ
ǵĹĦſ쵽˰ɣԺӭѵĵϲǿߵͷ˵
ãȻؽȣҲԸѣȻˣֻҸ˵뷨壡
ǿߵҲˬ죬˿Ҵš
ǵԺҲӭ񣡡ɮҲ˾˵
ôʲôʱѣܶʿЩɶգͷˣɻ˵
ܻ֮ìܣʱ㲻ʲô
һ̫ϳ˫һ˿ǵĹâ߲ư




1479 
ϲɮܵĴ£Ժ͵ԺĶӺƺƵԺһɽȥ
ԶҶͿһɽʮǿն򿴹
ҶĿˣȻԶȻܹ壬Щǿ߾Ȼûκ˵ĻȺоԷֱ治
ӭλѹٺԺλĵúԺԣϲЦӭȥ
Ժ໶ӭǰһɮҲЦ˵
λԺˣҴʾл
һǰλԺš
󣬳һЩ֮⣬һЩˣѪʢһ֪Ϊ
ţ
ҶȥЩһȻɲ⣬ƾʵȻ޷ȶԷǳɵһݣ
ϢȻչ׳ˣЩ˵ĲѿǱص
Э鵽ڣȻǿ𣬵ʱ򣬲һǿ߻巢ײһҲһҪѹ
ЩǿߣعƣʵҲ֮ϣȷһɲݺӵǿ
ҶеǣЩ廯ηǳףϾȻ˿޵Ӱӣ
οԱ仯Ѫ֮䣬һȫȻĳ޵ӰӣҶʶ赭д˵
׷ۣϾǼʶ㣬Ҳк˽⣬˿Ҷռһĳʶ
ѡ֮ޱɢȥٵĿ飬ͦȥ㻯Ϊˣͦȥҷ
ȻˣЩڻ֮Ϊ˱ֱĳЩǿ󹥻߷ѡı޵ĳЩ
ܶ޶֪ؼõ̬ԭ̬
һξˣٶȻᱶȴνбףõ٣Ҫ٣
ҲǺܹܶΣȴѡ˱ǻΣԭ
޵ȻʺµĻۣԾܹﵽǳֲĵز
ͳ޵Ļ壬ǱϵôǿÿһζҪ췣Ŀ飬˵ģ
ܶǿޣУ٣ϲԶ廹չ˵ģ
Ӵ˿ڻʿǺٵģܹ߾ĸ٣
Ҷ˼ʱ䣬ԺԺѾǿߴĳЭ飬ͷԺȥ
첻ϵǿ߿ȥĿеսϹӶܿ
ǿҲСϾΪһĵһˣʵ൱ֲģ
ܿ죬㱻ϲɮ˾̣սԺдںУ
ΪԺ֮д裬Ժ⿪һϹսս
սԺһصأԺ͸Ժ֮⣬ֻ̫ϳ֪Ǵط
дԺս̨֧ţҶһƽս̨֮Ժʶս̨Ѿˣ
Ժӣһܹ֮ԺߵԺѧϰģһܹԽսŻ
ս̨Ļ߼ķƶãᱻƻԺܲʧ
ϲģȷҪսǿʥǿ߶ԾսЩСǲЩСˣ
ԺԺӵĽУԺԺɮϲսɵһ㶣ʵ
սȻԺ˽вƲΪԺԺɮҲ֪ģʥǿ߾սһԺս
б޻սҲţһ˶ǳǿ󣬱ǿ̫ˣʶˣһսǵʵƴĻпܱ벻ʵϲͷ˵
ðɣȻѾˣǾͿսɣ
ɮ޿ɲɵĵͷҲǵԺ˽вƲֳֵɵġ
ڶʱ͵ص֮ɮܱϲӵĵطˡ
ɮߺϲЦһ£Զ֣ϺߵߵķԺкηԸ
εдԺҪӮô취ֻҪԺˣ
⡭
Ϻ꿪ʼͷˣԺѷڵԺһҪʤͱҪúıһһЩðյĳɷڡ
ðɣҾΪ
ϺĥһᣬѾأɸżУΪԺһ˵ûг֮⣬˶ˣǵʵѾ˴㣡
ĹԺϳǿһ·ԺѹҪ䲻⣡
Ϻܿ뵽˶ԲߣҶʮټİ칫ндĳ˳һ¡
侪죬һÿֱȭԷܣԺܷӮźͿˣϺ꿴侪һۣš
һȫԸԺ磡侪ͷս⡣
ΪԺΪ˲۵ͷƴˣͬǵǿˣҲһҪӮҪӮƯ
侪ĻϺЦЦȻɨ˺һۣ˵ʵǿֺãҲߣҸҪĺǸѲ
ڶҪٽսӮñĶֲ̫ǿʵȫֻܹܣϺ˵
İԺˣҲѻƴʮĻΧһЦ
룬ֶܶ˵̫ѰɣϺ국˵
Ժģʤ
ͷһӣһֶԸ˵
˾ƣĳȫˣܲʤûϵҪǿ
ʯҰ峡
ɽǣ
֮Ϻһ£һۣ飬ڵ߳ɣȫʤãʤҲûϵ
һӮģ
ƽȴżǿš
ĸȾҲǶ־߰ȻԺôǿҲһǵģ
ڰ˳͵ھųҲһĵӣʵǿ󣬶ͨ۷壬ǲʤģΪǽҪԵХĵԺӣʵһϣ

ϺİţҶ뵽˵ϺպһζĲԣ֤ǰʤ
һڵ߰˾ųԺӾ͵ùˣǽԺǿֻ֣аʤ
Ͳðţ빫˽֮һս⣬ĶѶá죡




1480 ս
սԺһصأ֮УѰ˲ɼ
޵ļʥǿ߽ԹսӲѧԺĵӿšһΣ˵ǿȺӣ
ҲֱʾԺдӣ
峿һϼ⻮أͮͮԵƽ£·ѧԺһϼ¡
£ѧԺӰӰ´£վˣʥءϴڵռλãΧû˸ҿ
ΧһЩѶɢޣŴ󺷷ĳ֮⣬ɢܹ͵ƽƽ
ȻҲռһλã͸ͥ
Χһ嶼ûУԿճһյش
ۼʥһ£֮Уͨûʲô𣬵ȴû˸С壬֤ʹǿսʽǽ˼ޣ
˻ʴۼʥҲˣһ⣬·еۻһ㣬һ˵ƣ
𡭡
һţ޺֣󻹸ʮɮˣÿһ˶Ժз⣬̣ضǿ
ħڵˣ
˾Ψأһ㲻û뵽ħڵҲˡ
ЩɮԺ̴ķħڵһзת֣һ𣬷档
Ȼת𹦣תֱɺɫ֮󣬱ɷתħսģĥǵķת֣ǳѣ
ܹ޸в٣ÿһǳǿ󣬷ת֡һ㣬ҶõķЩڽ
ͻȻԶһƬӣҵ˵ˣѹѹһƬˣ㳲ˣ̫ϳϼǿ߶˺üλ
εдԺ͵Ժ岻Զ˵ش
һս۱ĹҲڵеĵλǲӣ
Ȼûе۱ҵĵҲǳǿ֮ռһλãû˸ҺǾǿɣ
ôԺ͵Ժ˻ûе
ͻȻ˵ȵòͷˣһ䡣
˵Ļ£ԺһڿеĹУԺԺɮܴŲʮղ飬
Ժʮ󶥼ӻ϶ǵǿ˺ʥءϴڵʥӣһţÿ˶Խսʵʮվһ𣬱Ƽֲ
ҶӮ𣿡
ȺУͯ糿ǣһ˫鶯Ĵ۾ͣȺѰҡ
ʱҶԺĵӻû̫һ˲
Ϊ˸Ҷɼ㳲ˣ˵ˣͯƺʹĺҲˡ
⣬λ̫ϳλֻһλţɽ˾ڲԶ
ɵĵλͲܺ͵ϴڡʥ࿹⣬ֻͣΧ
ԺһȺϣдذܣеԺĵӽ
ΪԺĵӣǶԸʥءϴڵȻûнԺ
ǰԺȷ˲𣬲ʵǿ󣬶ҰҲͱ˲ͬȻ֮ãͳ
һͷɢĿЦ
㡭
Хҫ˴ŭԶʹ˿̱ᣬǶʱŭӣ
ʲô㣿ѵ˵ˣ΢Ц˵
ߣ
Хһ˵֪ԽԽڣɸżʱв˶ҫǳªһĻ޷⣡
ô£ԺȻ⴫ͳⰡһЩ֪ʿ׷ѯʣ֪ȻҲ׵
˵ĭҷɣһһէʱôЦ
Ȼû˵˭˭ҲɵӣȻܹµԺ˵Ŀжһ㺬壬õԺ˴Ϊ𣬵ȴһҲûа취
ʱѵϲҲó˰ɣ
ԺԺɮ˵
˵ԺԺҲ޹⣬޲̿ʼԺд裬ֲˣ
ԺǣʱһΪβҳ֣ǵԺǿ𣿡
дԺûӮҲ⣬ҵԺʵԺҪǿ̫ˣ
Ժӷ׷׽£̴ѹ֮£ǵԽ̫ǿˣ˿ûнԺĵӷ
ǿԺĵӶǲݸײ㣬ûжٴĵӣӳϾͱҪܶ࣬ƽƽǸⲻޣ
룡
һȣԺԺϲҶ˳ǰԵԺԺɮ˵ǵԺǿǼҪμдĻھͽѵѵǣ֪ôˣ
ϻ˵ȻˣǾͿս׼дɣɮޱ˵
Ը
ϲһ˫ֻһѲ˫ּγһµķġ
䣡
һ죬ɢ֮ϳһ׾սʯɣÿһʯͷܻһ¡
ÿһʯͷ涼˵ۼףѪ߲Ҳ֪жپڴˣս죬һ
嫵䳡һʯ鶼ǿߵ֣ƴɼһԶŵս
Ȼûʬ£ǿȴĥ𣬿ɴ͸˵Ĺ
˵أĪУ·һɲǾ˳ǧδսܵžֵ
ৣ
ٶʥغ͵塢ϴڶռĹսλãȻֻһ֮д裬ȴغδɵǲע
ʢĹս֮һȻ鴫ֻǲ֪һξǵԺǰĻԻͣԺʤһ
һοսڰ˰ǰؼǵãʱ̸ʥɽӣռһսնλǿУȴԪɺԣڴˡ
Ҳǵãһǧǰڵľʥʩչأ⴦սϣѪսȾˣ
սϱﶼһУ˺ܶս·죬Щ»δԶȥ
Ժսһرĵطܶʥǿ߶սԹÿζо춯صĴԾ
Ҳ֪жپ޵ĴڴˣһһĴ˵ú̾
ৣ
޸пʱϲɮ˲ȺĵԶŵս
Ժ͵Ժʮ󶥼ӷֱڹսˣμȻд軹ûпʼһǿҵսѾ˫֮
е˼
ļҲǵһμԺս˫۱ǹâ
ɴ⣡
һ̫ϳʶŵϹսʸսģǾž޵ǿߣ
Ȼſ̫ϳϵĻǷǳģûгԷϹӶܿüĲм
ŵŵš
һͷ˵ղ飬һսȥȻΡΡƺʱпܵ£ȴû˸Сߣ
Ȼ
һЩʥغ͵̫ϳбǿâѾϹŶʿˣǰ߱ǻҪ߳뱲ׯһׯǧǰ
ǰͻȻ伣ܶ˶Ϊˣû뵽ûӣƺԺ֮дкˣ




1481 ս
һԭΪȥ˾Ȼٴγǰ𺳿֪
ܶһʿͲʶׯׯȴܹоǽȥ̺ſֲѪ
һƴᱬĻ
ĳļλ̫ϳ϶еǳ⣬ԭǳԵϢԾ˺ܶࡣ
岻ۣ֮ˮ壬˭Ҳûọ̃һЩع⣬һɼֲս
ˡ
˵ٶȺȻÿһ̤֮Уȴ·˵һ˵Ҳžҵ
壬ܸ̫ϳ¶֮ɫϢţγһɶǰţ
ȿȡˣˣ
ս룬һ˵
ȻԳˣˣû˸Сһʯǿߣһ쭣ԺԺܵ
ʥغ͵ҲһȻҲпеĻʯǿߣȴûи
ûλԺҲŻܶһȣˣ
˿ûҽܵ˼̶̵ļ俪֮󣬱ɨϲɮһۣƽд迪ʼǸɳһӵǳɣ
Ժ
ߵĻӵԺӪдһȣţһһХ貵Ľ⣬ڹսϣֶµԺɨӹ
˭һϳ棿ҲǸȳӣ
仰˵ǳԺ߹̴֮£
Ҫ侪㣡
Ϻ֮ǰİţ侪һһϹսڵԺǰԶ
˫֮ͨٽд裡
ׯׯҲ˫֮佣ŵĽգ˵ֱͨ
ԺǳʥʥӣƷɣ
Ժ޳üĿһͷڷƮɢԺһ֪
Ժۼˣ侪죡
侪Ŀ˶һۣ˵
ǳʥزİȻԶƷʥҲ˽⡣
ǳʥǶ򱱲һӴ˵һ˸Ƿ壬վǳʥؿɽʦգƷɿ϶ĵӣ
򣬵һ׼ɱ֣ڶڶ֮׼ٽй𣿡ׯׯ˵
ˣ
ͬ˵
ܺãдڿԿʼˣ
ׯׯֱ֮˿ˣλԺڣ϶սֻҪд֮ʤͿˡ
ɱ
Ʒһȣâһһɵ߲ˮͰһϸ߲ʵĹâĿƣ׺쳣Ķ侪죡
һԻԼ̥Ȼȥ쳣磬ʵȴǡǡ˵飬ۼǿˣûаʤ㣡
Ժ̫ˣֻǵһдѣȻɳôǿĵӣ
ԺЩӷǳޣҪˡ
ԺԺϹ˫µĹâһɨ֮ǰּп룬ˣԭļȶѡϳҪϺķڷ
ǵ˵սедѾʼˣƷһʼչֳԼǿʵ
䣡
Ʒһȭҵȭâ·ȼһؼ䣬侪Ӳƴһǣ
У
侪ݹž˵֮ڣս
ôĿҲͷ
Ʒɱŭ侪ǰƲȻ˵֮ھսʤ
䣡
Ϊ֧ŹУƷɺԥȼԼս߲侪췢Ĺ
Ʋ񷣡
ԶƷƴĹ侪û˿ңֱӴʽһȭ·ܴһ硣
䣡
һȭ侪㽫ɳ߲ˣҵȭâ򶫷Ʒײȥ
ৣ
Ʒɫ䣬¹ȰĻζƾ賬׿ǿܿҪһ
ڶУ䶯Ǭ
侪˫ۼâٴδһȭٶһȭ֮ʮƶ
Ʒ䶨ˣ
һĻܶ˶ҡͷ̾Ϣ֮ǰ侪һȭ߲̥ʱǱ֪ⳡдûˣƷɵȷǿҪ˭ȡ
һͨʥʥӣܼȥҲпսʤ֮侪죬ûаֻᣡ
ʽ۶ȭУϻ죬ģ֮أǬɵ
һĻɮܲɵҡͷ̾ϢԺıемȴ޿ɷϣּıǳɹģһԺɣ
ҡ䣡
˻ûôµʱ򣬶Ʒɵľ㽫Ҵʵٴˡ
ô£ôͻȻˣΧܶ˲⣬
Ʒɫ࣬ղоԼ·ʩ˶һ侪ȭ޴ӣû취мܣ·ѹһ㣬ֱӴݿ־Ļ
ʽȻ鴫ǿžĴۣ
ܶһǿ߶п
Ժλϣ侪֮ҶˣǿǶ̫ˡ
һսڴۼ磬ΪۼǿˣûûԼݣ
ۼʥͷЦȻ侪ĶǵԺʮ󶥼ģܹ˴ݿսʤ֣侪һнǷǳġ
֪ܶ£
ڽܸҶ֮侪ʹ˼ʹ۵ˣ̶һ꣬Ȼûжʵȴʵ
һԺӣۼ侪ʤ
΢΢ͷдĽʱԺһ󻶺
෴ԺǱѻȸÿ˶ǳŭԺ߿Хҫˣս죡
ܲԺӭһοź죬Ծѹ֣ǿƻ˵һдʤԺʿһĹ
ԺĻʤͲˣǻ䣡
ս⣬ܶʿڶⳡд۷׷ףΪԺ˰ţȻǰܻʤձȻд
Ͼдʮһʤд˵û̫Ӱ죬ͿԺıˡ
ܶ˶֪侪ԺһĵУʵǿǰģ˰ţǰȻܹսʤԺԺأ
ֻҪԺһԺûз̵Ļˣ
Բˣ
ƷɴͷɥĻصԺӪӲͷƤԺϹֳԼʧܡ
ûϵʵ侪ȵȷһϣⲻ㣡
ϹֲûйֶƷɣ˫ʵ̫ˣ
ڶдʼ˫дĵǳ
侪ͶƷȥ󲻾ãׯׯٴδԺ
ಣ
ಣ
ӰȺĽսϣûʼ˫֮㱬ǿս⣬ÿͷһѪ籡
˫ͨ
չׯׯվ֮䣬ֿǿҵս⣬˵
ԺӺ
Ժ
˵ͨǳ򵥣ӺǲмڱԼŵƣǲ˼




1482 ʤһ
սԴʯɣµĺۼ϶߲ʥ
ǿߵѪѸɺԣʬ޴棬ȴ͸ŨҵɱһƬʵԶս
д迪ʼ
ׯׯҲϻںӺ˻ֱ֮ͨдĿʼ˵һԡ
ϲɮλԺǸվһԣйעս˵һһԱڼΣյʱԼʱֹдȥ
дĿʼսݺᣬɱ˶ڵһʱԻԼ̥
Ӻ̥񻢣ڣɢ۽ĸ£Ų֮ݣ
̥һͷ˵еʨ࣬˳ߣò׺쳣
񻢺ս߶̥ʲѪ֮ѹƣ˶̥Ļ̥ѹʵ̫ǿˡ
ž
ӺƮƮĳһƣƵ;Ȼ٣һһ֮ϣ֮
úã
˱ܣһ𣬻ȣâɣѪӿһƵ
䣡
ӶȭۣŵΣ˿һֱӭȥ
ս˲䱻ǿҵâ֣ΪһЩʿ˫Ѫսоʲô
ۣ
Ӻһ˳ſһƬѪٵ˶ȥ
ߣ
ӰҲһƬг׷ᣬйâһһɫӡֱ֣Ӻȥ
飡
һ죬ɫӡʵʵӺĺϣʱĵٴһѪҴܣ䡣
ͬʱҲױѹˣʨǿĹԣһڱ㽫ҧסֱӽ֮˺һƤ
ֻ̥߱Ѫ֮һԽشˣҲûս

úɫӡӺ߰£㽫ˣһֻŲĺģȵ
ʱӺСںţֻҪһ£֮ݻӺ࣡

Ӻ֪ԼǺĶ֣Ҳû뵽Ȼ䵽ⲽأֱӱԷ˽¡
һĸ˵ֱܴ裬޷ܣ
иƨ
˿ΪźɫӡӺĺôһ¡
飡

һ¹ݣ㽫ӺԴưˣִ˲ճԺһ±Ӻ
Ӻһֱӱ˹ȥɢڵϣһ
סְɣѾˣ
ʱׯׯǰһӣһߣһָһâӺڡ
Ƭ̣Ӻѹȴͣʬһ㣬Լˡ
һд裬Ժȴˣһ򿴲Ժӣ޷ܣ
ԺǱѻȸÿ˵ɫÿϾǶʿһܴĴ
֮ǰļд裬Ժƻʤȴ޷ܣ
İɣ໹Ӯһʣµд裬ǱɣԺԺϹ˵
ԺˣıƣѵͲҪ´ҳҵҪкͣҫ޵˵
ãһʱɵԽߣˤԽأϹ˵
ڵԺԺʿ񣬽ʤǸͷ
ΨϺֺǺǵģʵȴЩˣԺ̫ˣһֱȥԺ໹ʤһӮˣϾԺʵѷڵԺǲʵ
ţԴݿ֮ƣ֮ڽǿƻܡ
ˣԺӮ˿ź죬һܼüˣúܶ಻ϤԺ͵Ժʵʿ۾
һЩһǿҲͷԺһȻе𣬵¹ѧԺҲ޿ɺǡ
ĳд迪ʼˣԺ˾ռĴ˾ƣҲһʵǳǿǰһӡ
һҲʤˣɳҫɣ
ܶԺӶ飬ҲԺӮˡ
ϹֳƬ̣ͷãһʼҪԺһҲӮˣҫһϰɣҪȡʤ
ģˣҫһ˿˵
Դɸż¼֮ޱߵܶ˶ָָ㣬ʧȥ˼ҴѰǱ峤ݺݵѵһ٣ѰѰȡһ˳̳˵ʸ
ܲ˵ǣڵԺȻÿ춼Ըصɢר֤Ƿ֮ãλ󶯡
һϳҫʩչ˫һУ֮˾ƴȥ
ģ
˾óľǿռ䷨һ˷·Եһ֮һ磬ҫǿȴ򲻵
ն
˾ƴһһҫȥռһŤɵΣҫȥ

ҫ˫۲Ӳԣȵ
ϣҫһһ˾ƴȥɵĴз·һ㣬׷һХצ˾Ƴȥ
һһ죡
˾߳һǰһÿһ·һСһ㣬Ѱ͵߱ĥˣ
Ʋԣ磡
ҫϵĴڵǿһֱ
ĵսֶΣ˶۾õʦһĴʵ̫ˡ
ȻʦһûʲôҲǵ壬𾪲ѣ
սõʦһӲǿսֻҪĵطսǵսɱӳԶʵĹ
顭
ŵɵײһСķչ˾ߣһӽײɳȥ
ۣ
˾͵һѪήҲǿȵĹͲֵܵġ
ˣ˶ҲܸˣҫܹĹ̥ĵԺӻпܻʤ
޷ʤҲܽϿˣնǿǷˣʵǿ򲻵ҲȻ
һʮᣬҲֻҫܹ֮Ĺ̥ƵԺҲˣڵĳɳҫǿĵӳ
ৣ
ҫٴγ֣һУݺݵ˾Ƴȥ񱩵⴦սɱΨ˺λԺ֮סգûһâܿ

˾չնģˣûܵסſֲһɳȥصսԵѪӲ㱻ãط¶˰ɭɭĹǲ硣
ĳԺҫʤ
˾ѾûսˣдսҪֳزׯׯվֹдļֱ˽
ҫȻǿһʿ˾Ƹ߳һС磬ҪҲѣȻˣ
ʦ鴫ȻǵʥأʵȴһҲѷɫǵʥӣ
ڽ֮Χ۵ʿǷ׷˾еԩҫĹ̥ĻпܻӮⳡ
ֻһʼԺԺһҲҪӮˣǿĶѾսˣʣµĲһȺ϶ѣ
Ժһţ˵ĿɨҶ
Ҷ΢΢ü
Ϥˣ֪ǰף




1483 õ
ĳԺʤһȡʷõһγɼ
Ȼ
ԺԺϺȴ˲Ϊ֪ԺӵǿԺУҶѾȫսʣµĶϵԺĶӣûʤϣˡ
ڿ˾Ʊҫ֮ı֪˾ĻͲӦýڵĳս
˵ʲôˣıԺȡʤˣϣҶϡ
Ҷսʤ죬ԺԾıⳡдԣԺҪӮһпƽս
ߣ
ԺϹһԺϺ˵Ժ˻ı֮⻹ʲôд裬ʲôӮ
ⷬԺ˸λ󶯣ȴΪ˵ʵԺĵѾսˣʣµˣҶ֮⣬ʵǵԺӵĶ֣ⳡдԺǰǣ
ȻڽУʯҰɽ˷ֱܸԼĶ֣ʯҰ㱻ѣѪ죬Ǳ̧սġ
ԺеӶеޱȵķŭԺսʤ֮󣬴û֣Ժڱ
ҰˣʲôҲҪ룬ˣ
ҶʯҰһָ֮ƽĻصԼλϣ˿ĸ鲨
ϲŭɫСĳˣ
һĻɵĴĺοЦˣҶʵͳԽʦһͽܣеǳ
ͯҲеңǵŮͯ糿ɽнҶûˣŶпܣ
Ҷһ֮漣һ֧ͳһݡ
ͬʱͯ糿ȴǳį֪Ҷշǳ֮زգԼ֮ľԽԽԶˡ
̫һȴô룬Ҷǿʲô̶ȣԼĺֵܣһ㣬ǼԶҲı䡣
ԴԺڵ֮һԲԸȫ֪Щʲô
дʱѾ磬˭Ҳûȥļ
Ϊ̶ֳȣ²Էû⣬ƾŨԪ֧֮ãο̶̵һ졣
ϢƬ֮󣬵߳дʼˣԺ顣
һʤѩݣȻɣһͷںڵ㷢ٲƮݡ
Ժһ񹬵ʥӣʵǳǿ󣬶ڱźһŮд裬ʥӸⲻˬΪʤ֮䣬˵Ļˡ
˫ͨ
ׯׯй°˵
Ժ飡
鵭Ȼ˵д־ڱʤ
Ժ죡
񹬵ʥ˫мĹâ
໥֮ͨ쵭˵ҲԸŮ˶֣㻹ɣһ֣»˵Ͳˣ
ÿĿҵҪô˵ҵģ֣ܳ
ŭС󣬼ǵǿҲû˭Сֱûˡ
Ϊ۱ʥŮŮ¸šʥء嶼̵˽⣬ȻҲ⡣
Ϲ״ӣҲӣ츳ԻԪų˵⣬ںСʱܹٿػ棬Ϊš
ԽԽ󣬱壬һǧܳһУ类ֵĻҲˡ
˵ģ񹬣ױ񣬱صʮͻƵͨԻԪصƿѾﵽǷ켫ĵزͬºе֣
׽죬仰̼ĴŭһȻ㲻䣬Ҿֻܴˣ

˵ţһӣһͷͻأĳڿУһķ˻£ҵĸ½նˡ
ս̵ƣеϢ˿̼վսΧҲܸо˵ĸ¡
ԻԪɻ֮ˣͨȻǿֻǲ֪۱ʥŮֵܷˣ
̶ֳȵͨ˶һѺʣǿģͨп޵еĴڣ˼֮⣬˭ҲĶ֣
ף
Ի˵Ĺ˿壬һ֣һͷһֻ׵ıףɢϢֵס˻˵ĸ¡
пͷˣʥŮͨȻˮı塪
ҿٿرԪصʵһҲ⽫һʵıԾ
Χ۵˷Ϊ˵޼ֻǲ֪龿ʲôʣҲǧѵһʵĻһд轫Ϊʵġ
սֳֻ̳վĵط죬նˣûƵıͱյñˡ
ڵĵطһƬѩأӨıڿƮ裬һֻڱѩ裡
ǣҿֵܼʱ
ŵĴţһȭǰȥҵâգŻԵĻԪء

ۿԷһȭԼزһͬһȭԪۣγһı
䣡
һײֻ·ٵһ㣬ݻһ˿Χ۵𾪡
ĹâսûˣԪغͻԪؼҵײ໥ĥ໥ɣ
Χ۵һ㤣ǿȵս¾ǿ߽ҲΣգҲѲƤĺֲֿĹͨʿģ
ͨ
ʥŮӴĻâ׹ȾѪͷɢңɫ԰ֽһˣ
ͣ
һߣҲòĶȥӻâе·𱻺ݺһӵľһѺۣ·һƾһѪ߰ߣ
һδײ˶ˣ˭Ҳ䣬дУ˶ȼԻԼ̥Ȼһֻȸ
ҲͬԻԼ̥һֻʱͬʱ̥ںϣչֳ˿ֲĹ
̶һײұ۱㱻յһƬڣҲ⣬˱
㣬оɣҪԼЦ
ԡѪҶһۡ
Сʱ͸ܶҶΪԼˡ
ԣһů̲סҶһۣδ˵ʲôоҪѪƴף
Ⱑ
һײ֮һǵѪҰһ㶢˵
ȴû⣡
ʥŮǿƻӦΪԺһԱΪ˾۱ΪԼҪӮⳡд
䣡
˵䣬ٴζԺһǣһź۱÷飬Ѫգ
ͬʱҲһļͷֱӽӱˣ뾭޼ɵƻľ
ৣ
һڼŵɫұ䡣
ΪڷײĻȻըʱҲȲ
Ժҡ
뵽Ҳϳǿɤӻֵ̿Ĵ
ৣ
λԺͬʱж˷ֿսⳡд衣

ɮһӣһâϣգۼ佫ڵĺ֮Ƴ⣬Ƕʱ븴ԭ
ͬʱϲҲڣֱҲһž³
ֻ˵Ķ̫ˣλԺķ²ǿվţλԺǵж˸ӵĹâ
˶ǺģΪѧԺƴһνеӵİ
߳Ժʤ
ڸԺı뿪ս֮ׯׯⳡĽ
˲ǵѪ̨µҶ֮в·˵ʲô
涨
̨¡
Ҷͷ΢΢һ
̨ϡ
һЦǡ




1484 һս
߳Ժʤĳȷֻ˶֪ԺӮˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ԺХһûгսҶ֮д֮ǰõģܸġ
Ҳ˵ҶȥսХһţֻս졣
ȲҶĶԾԺĶѾսˣʣսʤХ͵Ժһżܣ˫֮ʵͲһϣ
ȻХһԺԴݿ֮Ժĵӡ
Ժشһ˸Ѫģֱӻ˹ȥϲʱֹ֮ǣ
һԺдǵԺҪʤһŵھųɢ̲ס˵
ǰǸҶܹսʤǿ죬ԺпܴƽԺҪˣ
ֿӦòڡܹɱڵޣҶսʤģ
󣬳ɢ½ڣҶܹȡʤ
ϾڼǰԽնɱһͷڵޣȻǸոڣʵȴ֮
ο޵ʵԭͱҪǿһߣֲˣҪԽնɱޣҪǿս
ԼģѾһĵһˣȻûб˳ϣսȴ˾޴ĺ䶯
ৣ
ͬʱ˶ĿͶҶˡ
ˣҶҵĶԹ˶ϣԺ֮ǽı
ԺеӶŵĿҶܷƽսͿһսˣҲˣԺҪԲҰܸգԲԸ⿴Ľ
ҶȻܾޣ죬ȡʤ
ǳɢޣһЩŵҲҶڡ
ΪǸ䣬Ҳﲻֲֿս
жϵͬʱܶ˶ڸ̾һƽϢˣ
ʷֹĴʷ׷׳֣Ѿʧ䣬ֳһټٵգ
Ȼ
ĴȴȻѪĻڶǿʣ似ĳ֣ȻڽײԸ⿴Ը⿴ǱȻᷢġ
·ۣǿѪʬֻһˣڶźʬǣһǶʶλ
һ֮ǰ֮ͬľҲȻУ֤·ϣֻһЦȻҲ
⣬һЩµĵһ··ֻҪܹ·ܹɵɽ磬
ԣһսǰңһۣºܶһǿҲ׷׳ɽȥΨһ·
ȻЩڸԼеܣѰʿûʸ֪Щ
δѣܶѾʼ׼ˣҪ֤ĻᣬҲҪɵ
֮޷ɣʵز·ѶϣɽԶĸˡ
ܶ궼һ㣬ԣЩΪ˸³ɵԼĺӷӡһ
ڴʵ̫ǿˣûʲôܷӡǣѾȲ·ĳˡ
ǧŴۣҲźֲµʴջΪʧؼ䣡
Ȼ˵Ժ͵ԺһеźϾЩǲмڵԺѧϰģʵҲǿ
ܹԺд϶Ҳ˵ܶ⣬ϾԸԺѧϰŻϣܹԺģϾԺ͵ԺʿĿеʥء
ҶӣͣһӮģ
ȺУŽŴ󺰴УΪҶʹ
ҶͣԺͿˣһҪʧ
Ժ˶Ҷܹսʤ죬ӮⳡдȴҲ֪ϣãֻǾ£ˣ
Ҷͬ̽ȡûκ
ûҹҶж
ͬʱԺҲ׷׿ڣΪʤ
죬ʤ
󣬵Ժĵ뻮һƣԶ죬ڳ˶ܵбʤ
Ҷʤ
ԺҲʾţһʱ䣬ϵƶ䶼ɢˣ
Ժдһ˫дĵս
ʱׯׯɨҶһۣƽ˵
ৣ
Ӱһȵս̨ڷ˱ֱվ㾡һ۵ʣ˲С
죬Ұ㣡
ܶ໨ŮʿӢŵһ棬ɵü֪»ʳС°׹лԼ˲ˣֻҪܺЩѾǳˣ
ЩŮʿļУ˿ΪֱӿҶĵҶС֣
㣡
ҶǿƻӦӰһԭһӰһ̣˱Ѿվս̨ˡ
ǹ׾ս̨ʯɣ沼µƣһЩ¾ɵѪܶʯͷ϶һϵ֣ÿһֱһηƵĹ£
ҶС֣ҲսսʥһֳɨҶһۣ˵
⣡Ҷ
Ե͸ģԭѪ飬ô˵ҲԼĸΨһѪˡ
Ȼ
ôԼĸ׵ģ
ôԴԼģ
ѪصʱԼ飬һڣȴ𱨣ҪıĸԼΨһ롪۱˵ҪĨɱԼ
Ǿˣսʱŷ߶Ӧս㲻õ۱ҲĽɱɫսϣ
ܺãǾǩ״ɣ
аϲǩ״ĻҪҶɱ֣ԺԺ϶һǩ״Ǿ˶ܸսˣ
ս޸ӣֲˣϣûνд裬һжҪȫԸֻл᲻ֳ
ԺսλԺͬ⣡
תϲɮ˵
У
λԺͬľܾս󣬶һۣԺϲ˵˶ľӢδϣֻд轻ɷ
ǡ
컹˵ʲôϲ̴ˡ
ûʲôǣػҪظһ𣿵һ׼ɱ֣ڶڶʧȥս£׼ٽй𣿡
֪ˡ
쳣ȴôãҪⳡƽднҶŰɱص۱ڣȻսϲ̻Ҷ
ȻʮֲҲϲǰֳ
Ͼϲϵǿ֮һĿߣ
֣󣡡
첻ϲǰ¶ŭ⣬ֻýŭתƵҶϡ
Ǻǡ
Ҷûֻ֮һЦ
~
ûһ£ֱӳ֣




1485 սʼ
ͬʱΧ۵弸̫ϳϼǿߣϲĻ΢΢ü
ǿϲⷬǱ̨弴ᾫӢ֮䲻ˡ
ʲôľӢҿҲûʲô𣬳˵֮⣬岻κţҲⷬ˼δ⣬෴һŸǿ˵
ôĿ
ʿɵòĿȷǿ󣬿ܹͳʮأҲǲСġ
Ȼǧÿ£̻Ƿǳۺģ徭ЩϢҪսʤҲôס
ôţȵʱȻͻˣˣ岻ͨˮƽѣЩˣ
ӿϡ
һСѣҲҴʴʣֱ֪ߵغ񣡡
ʿŭܶ˶վս
Ȼ֪ĺƽʱڣһóȻ֣϶һ˺ЭĽڣ˻̲סҪ֡
С˵ʵ̫ˣûнⴥĵߣ˼֮⣬ụ̂
Сն㣬ٺҶСдҲ٣
ΪһԱȻ޲̽Ҷ˺ƬҲ֪ϣ¿˵
Ҷһ˿Ĺâû뵽ڴǴǰ컹ֵܹصģһ޿ȡ֮
ãҾͿжô˵ʵ
˵䣬űսȥ
ò壬µģһҪݺݽѵһ٣
˶ŭˣԺ͵Ժ֮дԼʢ䣬һϵ·ʸսһڴ˵ң
ۣݵ񣡡
ۼŭһ̫ϳվѵһ䣬û棬˵֪أλѺϷıϲҪһʶ
ߣ
ʥصһ̫ϳߵǺԸѵĳ⣬ҲԸǺƽͬҪ֮ϣǲܵģ
֮Ҳ˵ƽȣǰ廹壬ƽȵģҲԸƽͬ
̫ϳϲ˵ǡôܿƽϢŭ
а۵źԲǰ̫ϳϷˣҲֻӣĬĬ˵һԣ
ζ̶̵Ĳ֮Ҷ֮дҪʼˣ
Ȼɱ㣬ҾŰΪֹ콫ĿСջأؿҶ˵
Ǻǣ˭Ű˭һأ
ҶһЦҲոնеһ˿øҲʧˣսѪ籡
ͬʱҲս죬Ѫ籡ᴩأʢѪü̫ϳ϶еȡ
֮⣬һѪûôʢҶȻֻͨڣȴȻ˿ֲѪţ
һȭ
ڷ˫ɱ⣬·ǧħȭչ·ܴһ磬纣춯أ
ΪҶһûʹֻͨõҪ֤Լ㲻ͨҲܽҶܣ
ֻô
ҶҲûжͨһԵӭȥɫȭâᴩأɢǿѹ
飡
һ죬ȭҶؿڣֱӽı󶴣Ѫɽɣ
꣡
ͬʱҶȭͷҲؿڣ㽫ӷˣ񱩵֮˱ըԵ
⡭
Χ۵ˣɵ뵹һȻս˵սȻѪȣûκ֣ȫǷ˷һܵУ
ǵһ˵սֳȲҵ龰Ժ˶û뵽׷׶ݣ
Ҷ
ȺУͯ糿ݲұ䣬ʧ
̫һҲԾŴͣǿȵսһʿһƾͱˣ
Ӫûκξȣֻʥ΢΢üԹ첻ˣһܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
һҲΪ쵣ģΪʱõһλħɮһֿ˽ֻҪûȫ٣ֻʣһξѪɿٸԭ
ৣ
ŲȻ鲽һ̣ٺˣͬʱת˽Ѫ˿ڿٸԭš
ಣ
ͬʱҶҲŲ׷ǲһתϴ֮޸˵壡
һ˫ˣȴ֮ǣֶת޸壡
£˭޸壬˭ʤļʱ࣬һʱ䣬˭ҲûжսһƬţѪ˵嶼ڿٵĸԭţ
˭Ҳû뵽ͽΪпԭʼĽɱѪܣһ˲ĿõĻ档
Ҷ֮ͬӵо۵Ѫͬʹȭͬ˵˭һһڽ
˽㣡
սϣһͳһϵĶڻعɱ
˸ѵ˲临ԭˣɲǼ䣬˫ۣѪɱ⣬Ҷɨ
һߣҶתϴ֮Ҳ˲޸壬˫磬ӭɱ⡣
䣡
һ죬˵ⶼо޴ɱײĵط·ٵһ㣬ˮתһ˿˿ÿһ˿ѹ
Χ۵˵һ˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼ˾˲޸壬ѹǵһܾ˵ķʽս
ʿľȻܶʿûҲƾԴ֫ȴķѱԴҶʱڿ϶սˡ
ȻҶ켸ͬһʱ޸壬ͬһʱ䷢˹κһʿǿХҲɣ
û뵽Ȼǿز۶ҶжЩ𺳡
Ϊϴˢ裬֤ԼһһˣһֻΪƾҶ
Ȼ
ҶҲֻȫ
û뵽Ļں棡
Ҷ˵ţȷѣһԣǴھѣɽӣͷ˿趯
һ֣һһѽ·еһ񷣬ڻӶһ
𡭡
һ᳤磬ħ٣ͷڷɢ絶Ҳǰɱ
䣡
һ죬ս̨һ˸˾̫һޱĿ۾
˵ĶԻڴײĹҫʮʮƶ䶼ˣƬһѡ
һԵĽ˶ˣս˵սϢĻҵ϶Შˣ
ͨһƬ貣ߴӰڶԿǵòֻܼ貵ÿһض
ھսһжʧˣֻʣˣΪΨһĹʡ
䣡
һ˽ʹ֣޾Զľ룬ĬĬ
˿̣ҶãദѿˮһѪӨ貣
ҲĶȥؿڱᴩһȭͷĶܹĿ




1486 Ҵս
ʧˣսϻָûܵ˿ƻ
սʥս޷ƻֺϵյԪתսƻ
ʮţԺ͸ԼԸصɢޡһľӢǣͷţ̫ˣͬһʱʵһֱ
ôȥ棿
ͬһ磬Ҳᱻһȭɱκ
ʲô˫
ʲôͬ޵У
˸õڹͣ
̫ǿˣͬʿѺ棡
û뵽ҶȻҲǿ󣬾Ȼ˿ѷڱһС죬ռһ˿Ϸ磡
Ҳ֮У˶ľµ۱˫ͨѹȺۣ˸Ϊ۵ĴˣǿҲģ
Ҷо۵ͬʱҲõߵĴУͬǿģ壬ϱ壡
˵дսǲɵһ󾪺ȻͨǱսȴǿ߶еľ
ܶڵʿĬĬ˼ԼҶ֮еκһˣܷ񵲵סҵĹ
˾ɥģ
ǺȻ֣Լںκһս¶Ľ֡
ЩڵǿǶˣһ˵ʵʵ̫ˣ
ϲɮͬʱüǶֹⳡдȥˣ˵˼첻ֳʤǾԲܵģûֹ˼սȥ
˶п޸ƵսһߵǷ˲٣
ӪУ̫ϳϰԾҶսе𾪣ôҲû뵽˾Ȼǿ󣬼һǿ޼ˡ
η
̫ϳапͬʱЩҡ
ǿҶȻǿ󣬵֮ƺŲɵ͵ìܣֳɱסǵġ
ڲֳõĽ֮Ȼᱬһ֮սʱȻһ䣬Ҷ嶼ֻкôûлּɣ
˼ͬͬʱҶٴθԭԴһԷɱȥȫʩչȭ
䣡
ƬˣһִϢ˵ȼգųԡ
ʲô˶ûκηҪͬھ𣿡
ŸտʼҪ𣿲˵ֻд轻ô
սܣ˶ȫŴͣڽŵעһС
ҶһȭǴһ磬ȭһǰȭ߱ǹⶼ뵽һȭ֮С
ҲˣΪ˳ŰҶһ٣û뵽ҶȻ£ȭ·һ۸һ㣬£
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˶ûжܣЮڶϣ
Ҷһȭͷ­ȥѪԽ罦һ·Ⱦˣ
ҲһȭᴩҶţˮһѪɽмƺ˿˿֮
һܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ģ
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ޱȣһҶų飬Ѫ˫ԽһУʱľ۸
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ҶҲѷɫ޵УϹžû˿һХѶ켸˺°ӣƬѪˮӿ˳
Ѫˮӿ޳Ϊ룬ŴƬѪ˳ȥҲ˵Ķֹͣ
ǼϣͽֻһѪ;ӽĺˣ޵еģȻ죬ȴҶˣԽܣ
챻ˣ
Ǹǹս嶼ˣҸǴңǲǰһУ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˶ܹ޸壬ȴȷʵҪ۵ģĵԴ
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Ҫ֪Ҷ̶̼У˵ǰһ·ѹܶŶԶԶ˦
һʼɵһ۵ĵӣȻݱȴѹȺۣʱΪݵһ˵ĳ趼ɱˡ
֮üıԪźͳңݿٺݷһϵ飬Ϊ˽֪Ĵ
ʱû⣬Ϊһεѣ磬̫ˣһǱĨɱ
ֱҶһ֮۰ݵҳײдȻҶѾɳǱӵĵزˡ
һ·׷ŸʥصʥӣֱǳԽΪһʿеķ
һΣǸǼʶĺ͹ԵǿˣҲҷһش
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ͻȻҶҲըˣΪģɫѪɽ˴Ŀģ
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ȺУ˫İ׹⣬
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ͯ糿ٴξ۾ˮʶҶڣûмˣʹ
֪ԼҶ֮ûκνģԾ̲סģһʼѾ¶ģӴ˲ټڵ֪ⳡд֮ˣ
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ҶС֣ǳҵԤϰ޸壬ɱⱬͳ˵
ֻǿʼ
Ҷԣ޸ͬʱҲ޸


һ̣˵ĶԾٴչսݺᣬȭâ죬Ʋϵ˸Ƭսǿƻ
죡
һΣԻԼ̥һʮɳĻƽճצҶ˻ȥ


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Կ췢ԼȻ޷ѹҶ·硣
ǳ𾪣ջ𣬵ʩչԼ̥
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һһʥɵҶüȥͨƫȻʥ⡣
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Ҷһȣͨΰֱӽ̥ײɳȥţҲչֳԼͨߣ
κͨЧģƫŵʥͨҲһâٽüһʱԶɢʧؼ䣡
ৣ
һ죬Ҷıһһģһ̥ף죬Ӳãأһֻ¸ֱĨɱ̥
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⡭̥
ԣԼΪ̥
Ҷ̥֣ڳ˶ˣһЩʥصʥ̫ϳ϶һ
̥بδУǰûԣ޷۱߻ħ
ԣиĵĹ涨Ǿǣ̥ÿ̬ʱѡһ۵ĻǾûˣȫˡ
Ҷȴɣɹ۳ԼΪԭ͵̥ǿԵĴ٣
̥֣ˣǶҶȴûʲôӰ죬ɴսʩչȭĲ
ٶȣҶ׷ǲԲĻ鲽Ҫϲ٣սУֲƲȫֳ
۶ȭĸԱҶϾС˵ټмһ˵ĵ㲦ָȭ
ҶȻӴȭûôʱ䣬ȴϵָ㣬⽫ȭһǰȭ߱ǹһеǹ뵽ȭУӳͬˣ
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Ҷ̥Ҳ̥µ챾Դˣһã֧ţûеɢ
˴սѣȭÿһʽµı仯ڵʵʵȭһҲûзӳ
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ֳһƬž˶Ĭ˫⣬ĬĬݺͲȭİأϣջ
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˺ܾãЩ˵Щջ񣬵ǲ͸ȭǴȭй켣ϵõһЩ
ȭɳҽǣ޺ۼѭȫɷӳؼΰ
ȭ죬ȻʩչԾɴѣս̨ԶսĻѱˡ
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ҶȻӴȭʱûô磬ϵָ£Ѿͽȭģȭÿһ仯Ȼء
ͻȻʩչȭʱ򲻶ñͨһζİȭԭʽʩչȭе
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ٴζԺһǣ֮ٴδսһѪڴսвϵܴҲϵ޸š
֮£ҶĵıԴһЩΪ˷֮⣬Ǵ֮壬дĴ֮Կ޸˵壡
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ÿһת˽ĵһֱԴǿʩչأ
ҶȻҲʩչ˶ǿӿӣѪʢƺû˵Դһⲻ⣡
ǾһʲôȻܹıԴ֮޸
ҶıԴ֮ر񣬲ģ
һ뵽һ㣬ʥͲˣȥҲܽɲ뿴Ľ
սϣׯׯ˫ԣϣϣ˵Ѫǳʢǿ
޸𾪣Ȼܹʩչʵͬ
λԺҲǷǳ𾪣Ŀתؿˣһգ۵ĹһΪ˵дʵ̫ѪˣʱпΣա

ʱҶٴηȭеϱ任ʽһӣһңң˹ȥ
ʧķ˲ɣȻһûκʽ䶨ˣ
ЦΪҶĳһƾȻû˿·ͨ˶ſһһ
Ȼ
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飡
ɫ䣬ֱӽڵ£սһҵĶƸôۣһɻϢӺɫɢ

ʥʧɫӰһҪսȥȴԺһ̫ϳסˡ
ɫұ䣬û뵽սڣҶȻź֣ǼδΪδš
ʲô˿ֲ
ɻ󣬺ܶҲԻƺҲûм治֪ҶǴӺδѧģ
ɫʧٴγڴǰãദѣһѪ˿ϢңȻѾܵش
쾹Ȼˣ
ԺĵһŴͣ·һ
ĿУǿģ֮ͬûˣһشˣ쾹ȻҶˣǲԼ۾
ԺĵӣΧ۵ʿҲɵˣǿҶǿҲֻܺƽֶѣû뵽Ȼشˣֱ췽ҹ̷һĲʵ
ֳһص°ͣԺĵһʼҲţΨû¶֮ɫΪ֪Ҷһжֲ
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Ϊ˶ܿˣȻشûֶεĻҪ̼ǲܵˡ
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ϲǳģһʼͼҶӮȻϣҶӮⳡ
Ȼ˫ʤ峡ǴƽˣҶ˵Ժǿ죬ԺѾһǣ
ߵͷ׼дʱͻȻͳ˵һû䣡
㻹ŰҶʡ
Ű㣡
һ㣬ͳ̶
˵䣬˸ٴʩչ˽޸壬Ʊǣ·һһ㡣
ȼ
޸壬޸һҴһΣֱ־飡
Ҷ΢΢ۣ˿̵·ת˿裬һΩҶţɽӣ쳹ʣ




1488 ޵֮
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Һ͵Ժжǡ⡱һ£Ҷ˿̵ľ
Ϊ˿̵Ҷıسһ޵е
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ҶһȣʩչԼͨһͨȫԪĹЧ

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飡
ƽ׼ܣҶʩչС֣˫ֹðһץס˻ƽβ͡

ҶˣʬӰҲҶ˫һƽ̥ݺȥ

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ǸС棬ô
ҶȻöֵ̥֣úܶѪĳ嶯
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ԹŭԷȻ̥ǳģջ̥ĻԶһۣջأ̥ΪԷãᡣ

ŭһڷ黷ƣǿҲһҪ㣬ڣֻң
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Ҷȴ׼ֱӦսǴһ򣡡
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һ죬ɵѪɫǹͻֵķҶǰ

ͬʱҶüѿһɫӡصײѪɫǹϣײѪɫǹһЩɢ
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飡
ӡ·һɽһ㣬ݺݵײɳȥȼ״̬ײ
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͵һںѪѾЩˣǿ־Ծɱѣ
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ʱԺԺɮܶЩˣ̫ˣÿһΪ̵ܹʱҶƫƫܹסʤϣһδε
һ԰ǿʿ˵ıһ޵е־ˣô˽Զʧȥʶǿߵʸˣ
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ѾλãЮǧ˹

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ԶԶȥƶɲһƬڹ⣬ƽưôһк£飬ױ
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ȻѾֲܿˣҶȴ֪ٸ޷ԼȣһԼ٣ֹ
Ǹʱ򣬿ҲסԼȥɱҲᱻģ




뵽Ҷʼˣ˫ֻصĺۼʼ֮У
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仰˵ѾƿԼУԼ־־
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鴫һһˣ־£ֽһ׽ӱԼĪҲõִ߲вɣ
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ڣ쾪ŭӣƴӣ޼£еĪա
٣ҶСӵõߵĴУǰ٣ֱ
һĻȺеİЦ·Ѿı³




1490 ΥԼ
ᣬԼ٣ȻҶãԼ
ʱɵӿ棬ƣ챻ˣôʼ޷ɵӣ쳤Х

ƴˣ֮ǰѾ˲ˣټϱĶˣΪ˼壬ΪԼδѹեԼǱʮ£ڽɵӴˣҲҵĴ
Ҹƴˣ
һ̥ոԻȴȻҶȻҲ̥Ի˳̥һ׹ϴ
ৣ
ûκζҶٴγ֣Ƭ׹⽵䣬ֲ̿Ļ֮֯һɫĴ룬ٴνѹ˽ȥ
һڰ
ˣ쳹ˣкҶս¾ڵǿҲС
һ̵Ҷ·𻯳ص־һ㣬ȻҲھ٣ȴƿٵ⻹ô
УҶǾԵףѾĵõߵĴУɲصУﶼٸѹˣο
⻹Լ٣Ҷĵطٵ̫ǿֲȫ
ҶСˣûӱֲ֮ٵһ뱣Լ࣡ΪҵԺһǿĵһˣ
ٷΧ֮⣬еԺĵӽţǻΪǽɫĴٿɵأһɫ˱ʤģ
°׹ԣ̲סƲ죬֪ҶٵĿжôֲһٵֶλҶڸأûеõߵĴУƾʲôкҶ⣿
ٵĻȻԾɻ䣬ҶҪӮҲôףһƴҶҲҪһֽŲУС䶨ˣ
Ҷ磬ǧҪ°
ͯ糿૵˵۾գգӨʵ޷峡ϵľơ
İɣҶʦܲµģ̫һȵͯ糿ļŵ˵
תһɲǣеǱˣĶᵽɤۣ޲óȥҶק٣ȥҲ޲ֻǶһ
Ǻͯ糿һ޷ơ
ǲͬǣóƿٵҶѾǿ֮ˣֻʱ⣬㲻û
ʱƵģټԶûҶطǿ󣬳ʱ䳤ۿҪֲסʱʧˡ
ɢȥ׺ʧԲʮڼݲһƬƽԭӦ̳ԨһɽʧˣΧĵòȫıˣ
Ҷһ·׺߳ʱʮ㣬˫䣬ƤӨ⣬覡
һߣγɵĽɫѣ˳ð̣챻ˡ
찡ʲôҶľȻȻȴˡ
⵽ô£û֣Լȴɽʧ𣿡
󲿷ĿɿڴǲǰΪ쾪̾ڶɵˡ
ߵĴ̫ǿˡ
ԺȺУ˫˵
ףߵǾģٵͿѾ˵󣬾۶޹
ܶ뵽ҶɲصһĻɵΪĬս㹻ˣοˣΪʲôѡ׽أⲻŰ
ˣ
ϵϾͿԳˣ
ԺߣͺˡʯҰ˾һͬʱ߶ĺٺЦ
˿̣ڣﲻϵĳ鴤ţڲʱеâž죡
ҶѪĻһԼ٣ɣˣҲԼ˸ڵ²֪
鵽ڣԲˣֻεдλԺ޷Ƶ⡣
ô˵Ҷˬͦ٣²ʡڵ֮ǣʤȴѾˡ
ʱɢȥµգյ綼һƬɫ
ʥɫֱ䣬ԼҶʤ֮ҾͲڶҶ֣۱ҲҪ
Ȼ
ܸģҵĵ۱˵УǿҶˣͲǳӵѪ
Ϊ֮ɣ
Ҷһڵϵ죬޷֮ĨɱһԺӪȥ
ߣµ۱
ڴʱһ̫ϳһҶǰֲһӽҶ֮Уã
ʲô˼
ҶȻܶ˵ûģĿλԪ̫ϳ˵
ҵĵ۱ƹܣҪصȥ
˵ţ̫ϳϴһ죬⣬Ҷʶ̽ȥҪھн

Ҷһ֮ǰѾԼдϣֻҪӮ죬ҽҪ۱ѵҪԼɣ
Լֻǿ̸߲ԼϷǰ㻹û̸Լʸ񣡡̫ϳϷǳǿơ
Ҳʥ˼ҵĵ۱˵Уҵ΢ͽһ鷢Ϊ̽ϵķӦûüһԪ̫ϳϳ̽
˵úã
һȣڳҶͷʵʵıڣԻֻǿ̸߲ԼС̸Ҳ̸
͡
˵ţϴһӣָɽֱӽ̫ϳĨɱˣһ¶
һĻΧܶʥǿ߶ɵõһӹͷð̫ˣһԲֱɱһʵʥǿ̫ϳϣս̫ǿˣ
һУûֱ֣һѽȺонǰ˵ʳԣСֵĻҲⷢǿһҴϳĨѵһǶѾ𣿡
ϡðղϾҵı⣬˼죡
ɷϣʵλԺҲ̫࣬Ƕ綼ҪĺݽɫϵʱȴһͨûʲôͲҷ
ϣⶼǾԼ˼Źɣ
ʥҲ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļͷ亹ֱðĴɱĻôҴӴ˽Ϊʷɲ뿴Ľ
һϳ֣ڳǿ߿ûһܻ뿪ڣ˶ģھųɲ˿춯ŭϣ
ߣ
һһΣ²Ϊ֪ٴΰжСֵĻһ۵ǴĨɱ
ңˣ
Ų˵ڶԷһ֮䣬ңΪĳЩҵĻҵˡ
ȥҲʧˣٴλصҶʶ׼ȥʱˡ
ˣ
վ˫۴ͣ޷ԼһĵһˣȻһΪֵУ޷ܣ
һû䣡
˫۳Ѫһ𣬳ȼ̥սһȭҶĺȥҵȭâѪ⡣

Ҷ˿㣬תӭսһĹȥɫĴִһνڵϡ
ȭâĻļ׳׵סˣûиκ˺
𣿣
һҶ˫ۣڣɱ֡




1491 һһˣ
Ժ⣡
ĿģɽѹȡԨǣ׽ٴݻƬΪһƬë֮ء
ȻѾˣȴûԸӽûпԶԶؿųеҶˡ
ҪŰ𣿡
Ҷɵֵƴһʩչɱɢ֣һƽķڵأʵ
㡭ۡ
òͻˣȴشŰ˿ٴαķڵأҶĻŭģſһѪٴλȥһ̫ϳϾˡ
龰°׹̲סҡҡͷĬĬȥˡ
°ס
Լδһʧı飬ļ٣Ҫת׷ȥǣƣٴһѪֱӻ˹ȥ
дѾȫˣǷ׷ȥɢǷ׷ⳡд֣ΪҶӦһĵһˣ춼ˣ˭Ķ֣
һĶֽЩǿĳϼǿߣҲСˡ
Ҫǣе۱ʥǿ͵ϮδܽһɱһɱĻһϳ֣͵Ϯʥǿ߾ˡ
岻Сﰡ
һ̫ϳϹۿεдҡͷ̾ϢҶ죬ǳǿ󣬿Ժһſˡ
ߣ
һΪȻ˵ҲǿߣôȥˣȻ˵Сһ޷忹⣬ϣνĵܸǴһЩϲЩӡڵĵҲóˣ
סڣ
һ̫ϳϺֹ˰ۼ˵ȥԺԺϲ֣ιǳʹ˱ԺԵĻǶټġ
ҾͲλˣɽģˮǺڣ
ϲ֣Ŀǿʧʡ
ͬʱ˵˹ȴήңĿɢ·ִܲױһ
ǣ
ʥϲɮ˹֣ҶһۣȻʵش뿪Ժؼȥˡ
ܿ죬ԺֻʣԺ͵Ժˣй˶뿪ˣϲҲҶѧԺзȥ
ԺԺɮޱȣԭΪεԺֻѹԵƽԺܣҫû뵽ȻĽ֡
룬ɮ̾˿ҲŵԺ˺;ĶԺȥ
ҪȥͱҪԺŴֻ̨ܵĳǳȥһЩС͵Ĵ̨ظϣ̫ʱˡ
صѧԺԺ˵ɫÿХҫˣǺ֮Ĺϵⳡд裬Ҳ޹⡣
̵ܷǣ˼ҶһйôԽܣҫҶм
һʼҶսʱѾԿ϶ǾѰеһ
ˣ˭ϴҲܲµˣϴǵмһҶѰпѾС
Ȼ
ֲȥҪԼˡ
ߣҲףҶȻϡѰ֮⣬ܹõսĻһЩҲҿ϶Ҷϴ
Ҷģƣ
ҫݣǿѰеԸҶ
ϲģϲ㣬ԺӮһΣɮһ࣬ҧźϲ˵
ƽֶѣ壬˭ҲûӮ
Ȼ˵ϲϵЦȴ뷨ʱϲϵЦʢľջȻ鼫á
αˣǵĴ̨һãҪȥˣԺɮܿЦһ˵
òһΣôҲöס첻ǣԺҲ֮꣡ϲЦ˵
ˣ´дҵԺеʱǣ
ɮ᲻֪ϲôģǿĵдһͿûӣ˵ʲôҲԸ
ǺðɣϷԸˣΪǿ̨⿪̨ʯ֪ԺϾûǵԺôƴ֡ϲ˵
˵ˣ̨ʯǳ
ɮܺ޵Ժһԣһ˽⣬û뵽̨ʯǶϳ
ҾͲˣ㿴ԭ뾡֮ģȴӶң治Ѱϲ˱ԣԹɮܲӣɮܲҪ
Ժһ˿ֱ̨ӺջȥˣҶԺӵӢۣΪһĵһˡ
һЩҶԺӳʧˣԭǻΪҶۣһӶѣֲʲôʥػӴĴˣһС߳Ķѡ
Ȼ
ڣǵһӳˣҶչֳǿʵ۱ӵдѪӵе۱ҪɱǾһֻһ򵥡

չԺдҶһսں̵ܶʱڱ㴫˳ȥ𾪣˶û뵽Ľ
ʲôԺҶȻҵǿˣʲôЦ
˵λ˭֪ǿˣڵӲ£һһˣôأ
ˣޱȣ㱻ԼˣҶʱкսȻûԼ٣̫ˣ

һʱ䣬дϵڴķзܶʶҶ֮㣬Ҳ֮ܵˡ
ʵϣҶ磬Ѫһս٣δ޺Ҹһ򾡣ɵˡ
ɸżУͬ٣ﶼͦˣһ
ţִɱ䣬γŵžڰǨ涼ûҼ
һ׮׮һҶµĻԻҵ벻עⶼѣοϻоĵ۱
Ӳһɳʥǵѣ
Щ˽ӵϢĵһͷ
ҶĶ֣Ҷһɳ˭εûɳɱ
һս֮Ҷǹţ
Ͼѹͬһˣսֻйʱ۲ſ
ңԶϹ䣬ţʮ꣬ս߳ԼСǿߣⲢǴ˵ʷ
ǣͬˣˣҶȴˣܲ𾪣
Ҫϴ֮·𣿡
뵽⣬ԲҶоԹߡ
ϹЩٿߵ߾۷壬׼һ
𶯣ԺȴһƬϲȻαϽ͵ԺսƽˣʵҶսʤ˵Ժǿ֮ԺѾһǣüһΡ
һҪؽҶ
ϲ̵ĶߵϺ˵дսʤֵԺӣһؽҶҪؽ
һҪģǵʯѾˣڵĿף֮󣬿ͨÿ±ԴҲȥˣϺ˵
ʯǱΪʲôûʯʲôˣϲü
˵ѧԺʯ䣬¾ĿȫˣӵʿҲûѾȥˣӦϢˣ
Ϻʵ˵Щ




1492 
պԺϢ
ȥʯ¼ļǿȫˣûһ»˲Ժܻ˲õĶڴ
黹ûŪ֮ǰǻûڹԺδ£
ǰȥ飬ҲҪŪ׿ʲôϺҲסˡ
ѧԺ߲㿪һССĻ飬վִӥѡǰʯ󣬿ʲô
ȻˣΪ˱֤ѧԺӵİȫֻԹߣԲ飬ѧԺ滹֡
ܿ죬ǰʯ㶨оҶ
һ棬Ҷıʵ̫ҫˣϲȥʶ
ҪǣҶѧѰ԰⡪ڿѰ׵ĹЧѰʯĳ׿ֶΣǵֱҪġ
ڶ죬ҶʯҰ롢侪˱㱻ټѧԺһء
Ҷ˶ԽѲİǺյ֮ؾǸ
ڴиִ̨ԺɵκһطԺ߻ܵĵط
䣡
ӥɵĴ£Ҷһ˵˴̨ſһ֮С
ռͨмžһƬûʱţûйʸ֣һƬڵУļž
Ҵһ˲䣬ʮʮڽˣ˸ܵʱת
ѿҶ˴ڱƬຮ֮ء
Ǳ𣿡
ҶĴȻ֮ǰѾйɵľϾǱʢʯĵط
ȥһƬûƽķûûĲľһƬɫɫʯһƬݼš
ĴأȿտûһֻһЩͺͺʯɽǵĵ׺ƽϡһƬë֮أûһ̣һ
ûǱҲԺʯأԺÿȡʯģӥɵͷ
ﻷӣҼȲԶˣʯҰһ䡣
֪ɣԭӣ
ڱ֪Ļȴ·صһϤ
֪ôҲãȨˡʯҰܿԼ飬ܴ
Ǹʺĵط
һ򲻹Ц˵ɼﻷжˡ
ޱʯ鲼
ں嫹˵Ƶ˿ϡ٣ǧﲻ̣طһƬߡ
νҲʯҲʯصԪƺƬԪˡ
˽ܵĸ֣ʵ뱱κνȻҲޣĵ˵ʵԵ΢
ʢʯǵҲΪʳǣҲΪʯΪʯ󾭳֡
ˣʥء塢ϴڿԴ󣬶붼ǴӸԵĵ˹
ʯ֮ʿ˵ͬҶ֮ˣܺУбˣжĸص
Ϊʯ󣬴֣Ѫɺӣ顣ܵ˵һƬҵءƬë֮أʯעĻѪȡ
۷׷׵ʱӥͽǰȥɫĴһӡȻӰʧǰ
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һҡɽطƶǧվȣܶˤڵأȫ¶֮̿ɫ
ǰտĴϳֺܶɽҶʯݣһЩӰһʯ
Ƭо󣬹ΰԺĿһж棡
޾۵ԭʼſΧĵΪģԲʮʥؾ֡
ԭʼſ缸֮һƬʥصĿΧûһȥ̽
ԺʯƬĵʥغ͵ʯ󾭳⵽ϴٶԣԺ͵Ժʯȫ˲١
Ժʯ͵ԺһǽԭʼſʯƷʼߣҶʯմȾԭʼϢ쳣
ȻˣΪ˱֤İȫԺҲһ֣ʵӥɡԹǿ޼
˿̣ĿԶĵߺſǿ󾮸ʬ˴Ŀġ
ΪĸˣôȻ̱Ժ㱨ˡ
Ȼ
һϵԺ֣µ֮ҲûгѾ⵽˲⣡
Ҷǵڶˣܿ죬ӥɣǼ˿ĸˣڸ˵Ĵ£Ǽ˳µߺſ󾮣
էһΣҶ˶ǰһĻһڳµǿڿ󾮸˵ʮʬ壬ȫɫڣ˫ĿԲ·Ŀһ
ǿڿУһƺźԶȻԸоһѹ֣ЩⳡҾķ
Ϊʲôʬӥûлͷſ󾮸ʵ
˸ҽǰǺĶҿҲΣգԡ˳һ´
𶼷ȥ𣿡
Ѿȥˣӥʧ̫ˣһɻв鷢εȫͬ硣
ţȥʲôӥ˵ţһȥЩĺ
ӥСģ
˲ɵһ£̹ЩҲ㱻Ǻ˵쳣
š
˵䣬ӥѾ˺ıԵɢ⣬赲⣬޷塣
ҶҲЩȴûһ˽ӴЩھа׵ʱǱ㶼оĪա
𣿡
Ҷüͷѯʵ
ûУʱ˶ˣڿͿʯ˶⣡ҡҡͷһ˫Ŀкǡ
ˣ
ҶϸȥȻֺɢȥΣսѾûԶˡ
ӥҲ뵽ʮױ㲻ǰˣΪҲо˾޴ΣգЩſֲϢıƽʱ屶ɲǺͺ
ں䵭Ҳ˶úͻ᳹ɢȥˣʱȥ̽Ҳ
źʲô
һҶһѧԺǿ߼һƿͼȡһƺо
ৣ
ƿһǰȥܿ㷢͵ĹΣʼպ
꣡
˳Ծ鷢ˣһƺոû룬Ǹƿˣ޹⣬׹ڵء
⡭
ǿһһ˼ؿİƿǿ鱦ôٵˣȻ޷һƺ
߾ڵʿ鱦Ȼ޷סһƺʲô˶һ
̫ǰϢ
Ҷ˫⣬ӺУȻӰ֣Ȼģȷûп
ЩĪǺ̫ǰйأ
ҶˣĿֲѾ˽⣬ڿڳһŵĻǾһѣ




1493 
Ѿ˺ö죬һʼʱҪŨܶ࣬ԺĿ󹤾Ǹʱġ
Ǹ˼ʱ֣ʣµĿ󹤴ߵĻڹѾʣ¼ˡ
˿̣ЩһĿԶɪɪ޾Ŀ־壬¾ʲôֻ֪ߵֵܱһĵˡ
ҵ״Щͨ˸о޵Ŀ־壬һθоԼĽ
Щ𽥵ɢ䵭ǿ־΢ƽһЩ
⣬ԺҲʥػߵЩͨΪϣ룬ǻΪͨĿ롣
ǰһУԺǿ߽¶֮ɫоεЩͬѰ޵ס
ȥʱЩųɢʧС
úһƹӽ˿УϷȮȻЩңʣû
ֹ˺ܳʱ䣬ȮһֱûֹͣԺļǿ˿ѾûΣˡ
ãûô⣡
һɷѣûʲô֣һƬˡ
ӥɴżѧԱǿߺҶڣ۲ÿһʬ壬̽ͷ¹һûзκ쳣
Щʬ嶼̧ߣһϿ
ӥɳ̾һԸҶ˽ЩʬʿʲôΣҲܼʱֲܣЩ״ޱȣѱûʲô綾һͨ˽ӴЩпܻ
Ժʵ·ˣȻƽЩͨǵԺ͵Ժʥȫͬĵط
ɿָΣգԺԶûпʹãҪԸ߼Ƹ룬÷ǳֶץһЩͨȥɿ
⣬ຮ֮صı򣬼ǵĿҲ⵽Ŵ󺷷ǵĽӣΨԺ͵ԺŴ󺷷˴ӲˣҲ֤ͨǵȫ
ܿ죬ʬ㱻ɾˣǿеЩʬ壬Ҷ˶пռֻҪЩʬսռУȻͿˣҲʲôΣա
һСģͻʲôҲҪܣֱӳ˵֪𣿡
ӥҶ˶һ䣬Ŀµ֮С
һƬ谵Ѵﵽ׵ľ磬ֻҪǾԺڰ߻ǲӰģȥһ߾ʬ壬ˣ״ǧٹ֣쳣
˻
˼ǰһĻǵһʬ̫ˡ
ʯҰ˵˸ԼԼĿռϵʬսȥ
ҶҲһƿת߶ƿ޴ϵʬ˽ȥ
һһǰԽʬԽ࣬״Ҳ˴ĿģһЩʬѾȫһѿݹǣͷǺɫģж
Խ룬ҶԽЩ·ʲô޴Σյǰһָоܲ
ţ
ͻȻҶǰе⴫һȻһͷСƷʯ˸˸Ź⣬ǶʯͷС
ͨʯΪʣɫ󰵵̺Ԫǳ٣ȻȴеԪҪŨֵܶ࣬ߡ
Ʒʯ߲ɫ΢âͬ£һƷʯ̵Ԫ൱Զͨʯ
ƷʯǾŲʣâ貣ֵǳߣһ˵ֻʥغϴڣŻУСţŪѾˡ
ϾǼƷʯˣƷʯ
ƷʯԽ˼Ʒʯķ룬޼֮һҲΪ
ǰȻһͷСƷʯܲҶĶ
ҲˣΧƷʯΧһʬҲûУ֪Ǳȫ˻Ǹû

ҶСĵߵǰһк󣬵һ
ǿͷƷʯڲһֻצӣкܰɫƬÿһƬָ׸ô󣬷⣬Ķ⣬ȥ
ЩʯͷγҲ̫֮ǰѵﲻɣ
ҶгԾ뵽Լڿ⿴ЩеӰ
צӣ
η
ʲô
ʯҰͺˡ˷׷׾ǻǵһμĶе𾪡
ҶĦʯڣ̽ʯУʱһ֣ԭһʯɿѣֳƷʯʯой磬ʯ
⡭
ҶΪ𾪡
Ӧһ߻ʯΨֻƱʯλԳΪ˻ʯ
Ӧһǿߵĺǰɣʵ
ԣƬԲʲô壡ʯҰ˵
òˣ岻ܸͬоϵϢҶ˵
ʱҲΪλкΪʲôôˡ
ԭ䴩ʯʱƷʯˣֻƵƬѪⶼ¶ڿУɱȥ˲ġ
ȻֲһѪ¶ڿиú󣬾˿ֲƣһƻ߾ڵʿ鱦ˣǲ󣡡
ҶңɲصУٵĻ޷Ը
ҶɣȥӥɳϿʲô侪Ҷ
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ҶͷӦתâʢ֮׵ĲʯУƷʯͬѾɱ˵צ˳ս˿ռ鱦С
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һ棬Ҷ˽ãҲҶδΪҪǣżʥоԹ˿̼ԷѵԼıӣ̵ס
ȻҪսǾ͵սȥսɣò޹żʥɨһۺ죬зȥһսչ
ã
챩һֳ׷ȥ
ͬʱۼʥԥƬ̣ͷȻһϽ𴸣Ȼ沼Ѻۣɢһƻĵ۱Ϣ
ⲻһĵ۱Ǻ˷յ۱Ľܷӳ۱һɵѣ
ˣʥ߶Ҳûе۱ºɨʮأ׼ۼǿҲõͷܡ
ֵң
ۼʥҲзȥ
ܶ
˻ʼʥҲһ׷ȥֲֿĳ𾪡
ʲô˼ҪҹżΪвɣ
żʥһżҵ۱ȻСģɱ۵ͬʱٶܹӳֵ۱ĽĻʤ㡣
ûʲô˼սѣ
ۼ˻ʼסգԷսΧ۵ˡ
սһ
ڳҲ׷գۿһѵһĴսһʱӰ´¡
Ҳ˲ҶˣҲգԼǿվһ𣬹עսеĶ
Ҷͺ˵ȻҲ˿УһսȻԹۣ
죬ְɣ³ɺһ㣡
żʥ俴ź˵
ã˰ǰ˵ʱ͵ϮҡȻû¶ĿϷϳ㣡ɫ˵
֣㣡
һȴһĿ࣬ͷɢʿÿһ𶯡
ͨ죿ȻҲˣ
ˣΧΧ۵ĸ׷üŴ󺷷֦ͬһپ٣һ裬ͨĵڹż˵ɲʲôѶš
磬̫ʱˣһ߶ⲻҪƥ򣡡Ц
ˣֵҲ߸ѾϾȥϴˣͨɨǰĹżʥһۣЦ˵
ৣ
ⷬһǹżʥɫ䣬ĳ嶯Ŵ󺷷ۣټ˭˸ǣ
ƥ򣬳һ
첢ϻֱһȥâһݺݵżʥȥ񷶼ˡ
䣡
ɫĶѸٱ󣬺ݺݵײڵâϣһ죬̱һ޴ĺڶ˽ȥ
ɱ
żʥ߶ײȥٶȿ磬գۼѾǰ
Ҫ񣡡
˺ͨ˹ͬ߶ס𶦣۱ˡ
𶦹Ӵŵǳ·𶼻һâ
Ҳˣɱ϶죬µģԶмĸоɱ۵ĵ۱




1498 ˭˭
۱൱ڴ۵ֲ˹
һ۱սģǿдսҲпܻٵһƬǿգ
Դϴε۱ѹڰҶ֮󣬸ĵ۱Ծһ㶼壬Ҫײ޷ѣػʬѪƯ֡
Ȼ
죬ƺ˭Ҳֹ۱֮ײˣżҵ𶦺ͺ˵иյļɲʲô
һεĵ۱֮սսĵ۱ٶˣҲûжٵԸ⽫۱ԭ
һ۱ڼ֮пѹ̣Ҳʱ䳤޸
ͬʱ嶼ڷѰܹ۱ɲģ޸Լҵ۱
ûд۵۱ʹռսҲе۱ļ崫ʮҪԭ
˭Ҳû뵽徹Ȼ۱Яˣӹżҵĵòѹˣܿͻ
뵽һ㣬ܶ嶼Щˡ
ңԶϹ䣬λ۶оһЩ۵÷ӡڣ
·ĿһЩԪĻʯǷӡĵӣ¶Ҫˡ
ռһսƬصȨ֮󣬺ЭҲǵһ彫ҪͬΨһĳ֤ϣ
䣡
۱߶ǵˣڷ˿ֲһ
Ϊ֮𶯣һ̶һĸо
۱գ򴩲񷣬âͨ춯أҡֱϾϹŴ֣·ᴩ˹Žδ
ۼʥ˻ʼʥԽסգ赲ס۱սನĻΧûܹȫᱻѪ
䡭
ײ˼ΣǲУϾһε۱֮սСأ޷ӳȫ
Ҳ˸𾪣ǧɱ۵ĵ۱أԾɿס𶦵ļιû·硣
Ҫ𣿡
żʥҲԲˣ۱Ǻܴ󣬵Ǵ߶ҲķҲЩֲסˡ
ͷѵһ㲻ɣǹżǺǿ󣬵ҾŴ󺷷Ҳģһ߿Ѫһ˵
λƽճɣѵҪ˼𣿡ʥʥͬʱȰ
֪ȻΪض𶦣ҪĻżҲԲˡ
ͬʱԺϲ͵ԺԺͬʱսסһˣ˷ֿ
ãǾƽճ
żʥͷջ𶦡
ųڣӳ㣬Ҳ⣬õ۱أżҵʯһᾭȥ˵ġ
һʥɲǼָԪ޳ܵв

˾в˵ģûôв˵ģֱҪȥϴٶԷʯ
Ҫ֪ʯÿһǿĸʧǵʥأҲʯ⿴ء
ȥϴٹżʯĻùżͷۣϾǲܽ۱ʯ󣬱Ҫؼѹ̲С
ߣ
żʥһɨ˺һۣŲҽǾŴ󺷷˵ȫ
˵ʲô
쵱۾ˣͨҲüų˵ֱŴ󺷷սʲôѵƾСĵ۱ɣ
ųڣ浱ҾŴ󺷷뽫ǵĺɾ
չŵģǵκβأպұȥǹżҵĵӣ
ͨͺȺ󿪿ڣȻڸղŵĴս·磬ȴǿޱȣż𶯣
żеӷӡһ϶Ҫˣɱ۵ĵ۱ȥ¹żҵĵӵĻǼɵϾżҵӲԶǵıӻ֮УҲ
ˣһսĻܼˡ
˶˻صԺĿ֮һĪĵ۱ײûѾ漣ˡ
ǾҶĽ۱ɣ
żʥޱĿҶ˵
٣ëҲվӣʲô⣿ڸʲôϵ
ҶһֱѹԼŭ𣬸ղż󺷷ΪԼͷͲ㹵ͨΪԼͷ˿ۿżʥٴἰ۱ŭˣ
㡭

ŵۼȫƽֱӶֵļƣ
ڴʱһǿĵҶɢһڳͷϷ⣬ʵʵ
䣡
ԻֱӴ߶۱żѹȥޱǿƣ
㡭
żʥ󾪣æ߶𶦣סƵ΢΢ƺ̵Ҫһ㡣
żҼϳֱּܲӹڵϣɫɷףһѪ
ţ
ҶǳȣһϲûиֱͨԻȻش飬ҲͲ˵ˣĬĬؿһС
ϲΪܿͣĿ䣬ɨһڹżӪˡ
Ŀɨ£ʥоһģ۱ǼģȴҶĻǸⲻʡ
ż֮ҶҪ۱һΪչʾԼǿһҲС
ΪжԼǰ˲ҶˣҪ۱ǸⲻޣͨżҪ۱⡣
ߣ
һĿƿ䵽˹żǿ˵ϣ˰һ
ô˵ǰٴαϽѵĻûȥˣ
Ȼ
żȴٴУȻǻеӼȴѪţӵиŵƵѪҲǳǿѩô꣬Ҳһˣǧܱһŭ֮ɱ
뵽żʥԥĽ𶦼ڹͷ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦΪһһ𣿲ֻҪ˵仰ѣ
뽲
𶦵ıʱ˲٣ǿӲ˵
һСо۵ѪԺ˵ע㣬Ҫ˾ûһǿ߷緶ĽûСνʩˣ
˻һżҺпҶ˳۵ʿǶʱɫһ䣬֮ǰһֱϱҶ˿ϰǾԺҪˣп֣ܳ
۱֣˭ܿס
ܶ˶оˣţǳ˸һɫѿ˼㡣
ڶȻҲдѪŵ۾Ѿ̫ңԶˣѪϡСȣԶˣΪһλۣҲ֤֤ɵ۵ģѪ֮˿ռƣ
ּһһƽܶັʶ׷׳֣ʧ˵似֣֤ͨϣ˭ЦѹȺۣ֤Ƕ˵ԣԽ̫ǿ
ϵԽԽ󣬺Ӵں
˶֪γΪҶġҶûʸӵе۱ӵоѪʸģ
һʱ䣬˿ҶĿⶼø⸴ӣС߳һ·սѾСˡ
˼Ҹп֤ɵˣǿЦɱ׼
ɫ࣬ⷬǱ̧Ҷջ
ԣ˭˭
Ҷ޾⣬ǿƻӦ




1499 սżǿˣ
Ҷ쳹ԺΪ֮𾪣ǹżˣǲԼĶ䡣
Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿƣȫӹżǿˣ
һʱ䣬ԺѻȸҶ͹϶ǿս⣬˫ţսһ

ЦЦϣ˫۱ǿâ˵ȻԸղײգڽ죬Ҿսһöõ۱Σ
Ը
ҶӦ󽫾ڽߵԺԺϲʱܣȥ
һĻϲԥһ£û
Ҳ𶦽Լʥɢһԭʼı뺷ϢҰһ㣬˫׹⡣
żʥһЦŹնҶ
ΪⲨǵȥս
Ҷû̳֣Ǿֱȥ
عϡܶطǻĲë֮أսٺʲֻҪԶ췭ظҲûϵ˼޹
Ƭкη
Ϊû˵۱Ҷϵ⣬׸ѣ
ʲôԣϿ˵û˵ˣҶԡ
գۼ䣬˱뿪˿ͬһǸĵӣҲˣսдȫ£Ҫģ϶ǰңݴ
ʤϲ£
ҶĸǹĶ֣ⳡս
һЩ͹żҡҹϵеӷ׷վ룬Ҷҡʤ
ţ
ܶ˶һݣǹģһùƳʢһĴҶ˳£Ҷһսǰǣ
Щ˲һǹżһģҲпЩţΪƣ˻ֺù͹żң
ԺĿ⣬ҰǧһƬưܣԶһͰɽȻ²ûʲôʯҶá
˵ԽսΪʲôڿһսҲǿһЩʵ
Ѿ֪ҶԽս飬Ҷѡĵطɵúʵ
ɱͲҪ
Ҷվں죬ڷ裬ħһ㣬죡
ϣһỹô񣡡
һһڹ˹Ǿɱûʲôϻ
䣡
һȭҵȭâᴩأ֮⣬ǰǣѣ

Ҷ̧֣ͬһȭȭƽдһǰİȭȭ߱ǹںϵȭеЧףɵ
䣡
ʯ飬˾̫һޱĿ۾
ǴѪײ˹ȻȣȥسѪ࣡
𾪣
˵ĶԻڴײĹҫʮʮƶ䶼ˣƬһѡ
һԵĽϵǿ⣬˶ڵˣΪվڰȫˣڿԶսһֻϢ
飡
飡
飡
ͨһƬ貣ߴӰڶԿǵòֻܼ貵ÿһز
ھսһжʧˣֻʣˣΪΨһĹʡ
䣡
һ˴ͬʱ֣վԶĬĬԷܽղһսĵʧ
ȻӸղŵĽҶȻھֻͨڣʵȴһҲԼ
ȻѴе֪Ҷ֣𾪲ѣ
ȶԣҶк޲ʵûгԤϡ
ɹ⻪ʧˣؼָرĿһƽٵӣǳ¡
һƬžһľӢһͰѩˮһͷţ̫ˣͬһʱʵһֱ
ôȥ棿
νţͬһ磬Ҳᱻһȭɱκ
һ½ǣԡ
ȻҶʵ֮ǿδϣһ촽ɭɭ˵
ৣ
˱ɫ⻹㲻ĶԾ𣿽̽ԵĹУսжǿ

Ҷһȣȷѣһâһ֮·Сһߣͷ˿Ͻɫޱȣ趯һȭɱǰ
𡭡
쳤ХħͷڷɢҲǰɱ絶µˡ
䣡
Ƭ񷶼ˣһִϢ˵ȼգųԡ
ʲôûзҪͬھ𣿡
տʼҪ̫ˣ
Ұ˶ŵľȫŴͣڽŵעһС
Ҷһȭǻ˾죬ɫ֮ȭͷϣŭһĿ׹˲񷡣
ˣںڵȭͷನݻɽأԲʮϰﻯһƬɳĮޡ
ۣ
ۣ
˭ҲûжܣЮ֮˶֡
Ҷһȭ򴩹ӣ˳ȥմȾŴƬѪˮ
ҲһȭᴩţϽɫѪҺĴɽһܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ġ
ǵÿһѪÿһȭ綼ǿµģݻ˴أƲ㣬ΧݲеĲˣ
ۣ
ޱȣһҶų飬з漣Ѫ˫ԽһУʱĹŵ۸
Ȼ
ҶѹʣǿȣﵽԺҶ۷ǿߣȹֻǿ
ۣ
ܿ죬ҶѶ˺ѰӣƬѪˮӿ˳

ѪŽսȺٴľ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ͹ͨΪпԭʼĽɱѪܣһ˲ĿõĻ档
λѪ֮ǿŵۺ;Ѫ˭һһڽ
ۣ
Ѫˮӿ޳屻Ϊ룬ŴƬѪ˳ȥùŵۼ岻˵Ķֹͣ
ôŵ۸̫ţѹ磬ǵ޵еģǧ磬תֻأܣ
Ѫ棬ʺԿȵӣʱĹŵȻǰôһֿ¾󣿡
ż˲ǰһĻҶôǿһС߳ĵӶѣͬΪѪԴ̫£ôܺ͹սƽ֣
οҶľҪȹͣ
˻Ƭ
ڹż𾪵ͬʱĹսȺֱӷڣ׷Ҷ֮ǿ
Ψǳ鴤ڿɬԺдϣҶģֱܾ˵Ĵ򷨽һ·սˣ
ڣҶһսѵͲ±Դĸɾȥ
飡
ͻȻҶըˣؿΪģһȭʱȫϽɫѪҺĿġ
ʲô
Ǿ˶̫пˣܾˡ
ȴоϻģ֮ǰǰ˺ڣ˵֮ڱȡҶڣҲ֪йȥˣǵûȡҶܾ˵Ľ

𣬴һŵѪ𣡡
Ŀ𣬹Ѫâ䣬Ƭмγһֻֻ̣ת֮⣬ٺһ
ת˲ˣ




1500 ǿƻ
ֻǹŵ֮һ
ΰѪͱԴΪܼʵֲ࣬䣬ٲ
֤˹ʩչ˶⻹ȥս
Ѫ棬ȹŵۣط޷սʤ
һߣҶҲת֮ٸ
׹˸ɫѪɶأÿһѪⶼתأϲһҶڣ³Ϊһ塣
䣡
ҶëгٴγΪһȱϽѪ죬ָ˶ʢ״̬ͬùս߳Ծ
˺ʯҰڣϴκдԺ֪ҶвͲΪġ
˶û£˲临ս߰ˣ⣬ûأ
ҶģǳҵԤϰۣЩ죬˵
㵹ûгҵԤϣҶӦ
ҵΪף
ղŵսѾ֪Ҷս˿Լǿ֮£ֻԾѹҶֱչԼ
żǿҶӦԣ
һУǵһģƿ̶ȣԲǺһڴսͻƵľȹˣ
ۿʩչֳٴ
ͬʱ˲佫Ҷ棬Ц£ϣȻûͬսʤ㣬ɱ㣬㹻ˣվǸ磡
𣿡
Ҷ䣬ŬſһƬ⣬ֿ
һ֪֮Ĳ྿ж󣡡
ЦһתͬʱҶϮȥҪ˺һ
ৣ
Ҷʩչ׷ǲڹ֮мѵƶ˷
Ŀ֮£ֿһȥȻһȭ·һ㣬ȭâݺײڹϣ
䣡
һ죬ͬʱưɣٴθˡ
û뵽ҵУ㻹˵ңһˣ
ٵȥˣȶָ߳С磬ȴ˸ܾ˵ĽϹҲס
ৣ
йâһһȭͷɫСɢŹӵϢ𶦷ǳƣ
򣡡
һɫСӭ籩ǣգ۱˸ɫĹâݺҶײȥ
һҪǱײϣҶľѾҲסҪ书һۣԼעһˣ
򣡡
Ҷһ𣬽깲еһֱ˹꣬׻һ㱣ɫСĿҲ˼㣡
ಣ
ͬʱҶתرͼסɫСԱʱٶüײȥ
깲ͿرͬʱʩչҶǿҪǳߣӵ棬ÿʱÿ̶ڶԼ꣬ټӡ֮ġĵۣ治һܹɹ

ͷʹѣһԼӰ죬ȫɫСٴҶȥ
Ҷаһ֪̾ԼĿرû򣬷϶ܹӰɫСĹ
䣡
һߣֱȼԼϣٳκβҶ𾪡
ŵΪϵλ֮һҲ˲ٵ
ȻôȥˣżûгһۣȻǳǿ󣬲κС
ǿҲвپž֮˺ܶÿһֶǳǿ
֮ڣҾֻҪ㻹ҵ֮ڣԶ޷սʤңңɱ׼
ħһ㣬ڷ˫ɱ⣬עҶ˵
ͬ£ɱһֻ棬֮ڣҲһܹɱ㣡
ҶǿƻӦѪڣԨһ㣬һѪ𣬴˹
䣡
սٴοҶڹ֮ƴסҵĽ濪ʼǻ磬֮ɽĿꡣ
ɽֽģһǴһƬɱһƬ򣬷·Ǭһо򣬳Ƭɽ𣬱ϡ
˵Ĵս㣬ǣ˵ģڸں󷽽ŹעһսѾʱǧغϹȥˡ
貣ȭâ죬ÿһĪúܶ˸е֮ͬУֻеӲܺ˰ɣ
ɬԭΪԼѾǳǿˣɺ˱Щࡣ
ʱҲˣԺдϣҶѾˣǸʱչֳսĻͰˣ

һһӴ͸й⣬üĳһ񽣣貴Ŀ졣
ʲôر𣿡
ǶˣΪǸܵһǿδѴݻ޾ɽء
ҰҲ֪жɽΪ촷ۣɳĮԶĲڣɱ𣬳Ϊë֮ء
رǹŵµһɱרɱģ
ŵۼһλʿ˵š
Ⲣرʵ廯ɵɱ״䱾ʻ꣬ġĵۣɱ˸񣬹ʴ˳Ϊɱ
꣡
ɱգֱҶüȥҶŬܣǱ̴˼ͷһƬɫѪ
ֻô
ҶһüĹâһһӡӭ˸âѹ¡
ʲʲô
󾪣û뵽ҶȻҲ

ɱٻתͻʱյĽޣݺݵײӡϣײƫ˹ѹĽ
û뵽ҶȻҲ
ɵĴӡƺĵֱֲ̫ˣ
ǹھѹҶѾˣ
ٴ𣬼˶û뵽ҶȻҲԣǾģΪҲᣬҲġ
˿Ҷȷд˵ˣȻõĴУɵĴӡѹ꣡
򣡡
Ҷһ깲ĵһٴκҵˮһɢһײɱϡ

һУܵ˼ĳҲάֲȥˣʱҶԿرɱವһüĴȥ

ż˴󺧣У¹ԼɱĨɱˡɱǺǹҲס
һܴǹŵ۵ĲֻҲȲǱɵģԽҲ֤Ҳ飬Ⱳӵǰ;ûˣ

żʥֱӼ𶦣޴ڶһ㣬˽ȥЩҶһսС
һҶսУҲѲƤڹؼʱϲ𶯾ڣһƵ۱֮𶦵ϢҶ
٣Ҫô
ۿżʥڹؼʱ̾¹ҶЦѡ
С㣿
żʥɫһ䣬ŭĿҶֲϢ˲ӿ֣µѹ˲ӿҶҶá
ô֮󣬻ԴС
ԺԺϲһߣҶֵסϣ䶢Źżʥ
ߣ
żʥ֪Ӽɵϲʵһû˵ʲô
û뵽ŵۼǿ˹ҲˣһѾûҶˣ
û֮ҶһѾ޵ˣ
ֳ
Щ֮ǰΪʤˣɫʮѿЩսǰҶֺùˣһ޲Ҹռѷȥ
ԭΪѪ棬ӵвڹŵʱʣӾ߳Ҷ磬նɱҶ
Ȼ
ȴǹˣܵʮֳף
ǹżʥΥ֮ǰԼȵĻĽǹļգ




1501 սĻ
ǿղã»䣬籡һҶϣס
˿̵˵Ŀ⣬ΪΨһĽ㡣
ʣһսҶ򶥷塪սӵйŵѪз漣Ĺڴ·ԼΪʵһ
ΪһԾԺдһǵ·ʸսҶԼǿʵʾڵ·ѹһ
һУûĶ֣
ĶֽɵӺǡ
Ȼˣĵ·ʸսûе֮ӦҲˣǸʱ岢𣬵·ʸսҲѪȺͲпᣡ
һۣҲ֪Ҫˣ֤·ûжԴеֻпᣬ̤ǿѪǰֻһܹۡ
ݼţɵ·Ҳһ򿪣˭Ըأ˵Ҳһ飬˭˵׼أ
ܶ˶ڸпһעһƽͬһĻһ̣ҲһΪĴ
׷׳ÿһ˷ϣ֤ȴһ
еӼΪƽ˺ܶδ֪ı˭ߵһδ֪ʣһʷĳŨīزʵһʣ
ⳡսվĻǷ׷״ŴԺʯڳһЩĺǻȥˡ
Һ͹żȻҲ뿪ˣϲûΪǣǺͱĵʹһ׼ǴһЩĺǻȥоϾԺھĺǶ࣬ǧߣֳȥһЩҲۡ
⣬ǻڳ˰Ѫʬ壬ʬɱȺмֵ̫ˣ
ϢܶɲжƣڶħɮŻħţ
ǸرĵطҪôΪҪôΪħʿħ֮ǻתȴ˿Ӱǵս
ΪʱзħĴͨΪħʱսѪֶβ̣Ƿħһģûзս
򡢶ʥغϴڡʥۣһǿ˱ˣҶѾ𽥳ɳδ±һϯ֮أ
պ󣬵ԺĿָƽԺߺſӣȻ¿˼󾮣ճɿҲûʲôа鷢ˣ
ʱ֣Ҷ˱ټӥ˿ԻѧԺѧϰˣ̨Ѿ
ϣ
ӥɳϴߴ˵ϴ̨ջضϲԺʱҶ˵
ҶӣΪʲôҪ
˷ǳ⣬Ұǧ͵ʺĵطʲôã
ӥҲܲ⣬ԺҪöˣҶΪʲôҪ
ġ
Ҷ͵ȻȴʢʯѰеѰʯϾʯ̫Ӵ󣬽ѧԺԴԶԶҿƾѰҵʯ
ԭðɣɣݴǧһĳǣԺĶʯûµʱţ
ӥɶ䣬׼һա
ʱͻȻ˴̨ҲˣҶӣҵķƷҲһˣүү¼һ£
ϣȻҲɣ
ʯҰҲ˴̨վҶߡ
ǲңһҲûϵҲ£ѰʯѣӦòʲô£
ҶЩжó˺ҰʯҰΪ˰
֪ĻҲ϶Լģϣǣңѵǣң
ʲôõѰⲻ䣬ԺȻܹҵܶ฻ֵܵԴˣ仰˵ǣֵܳԶˣҲЦŴҶһ¡
ΪѰôɣĻǾͲֵǮˣҶЦ˵
ǲܣԺҵʯģô죡˺ٺЦ
ҷˣһˣһԣҶ§˵Ĳ˸
ǿǺֵܣðɣɣʲô͵ĳѧԺʯĸˣǻǽģ߻ҲСʲôʱȥ˵￪̨ȥˣ
ӥɵ٩һ䣬һͨźһȥ
˶ʧ֮֮Ҷ뿪Ժʯ󣬲ŸӲĴأĳǷȥ
һ·ľɫǳʯ֮⻹ʯûаɫ
һֱٽĳǵʱһЩɫֲڴϸۡ
찡ذɫˣ˿ŵıһС̾
ҼԶˣûʲôѹ뺷أʯҰҲŸ͡
ĵطǶϲʮɽ֮Уůʪ󣬹ľ࣬ޡҰҲǳ࣬˻ĵط
˽ǧﶼûмκʱǾãһͷҲа֪ﻹġ
ԭҶȥԭʼſߣ׷ѰһʦټܷõһЩС
ȻԭʼſǾԵƾƿˮѰ׾ͽԼȥˡ
⣬ʯеķֺƲ˺ʯҰһ˵˴֧֣˵Ҫһȥ۽磬ʶ
Ȼ
ΪΣգҪĵطһ˿˺ܻܿᶼ۽ȥ
ΪˣҶǾȥĳǣҵŵ㣬ȻѰЩյʱȥһ
⣬ҲҪȥĳѰԼүү죬׼Ʒ¼һ
ھĳʮĵطֲḻҲ֮ǰĿẮů˾÷·ص򣬻߶ϲһ
ô£ôȫͬʯҰʵ
ıˣԱĵǳϤν䡣
ʯҰҶ˽͵ⶼΪжĳǵĴɵġĲʳǶϲΪҲһġ
˵Ľ⣬ҶˣĳǾʥغ͵ʯһųǣبžʹˣʼʲôѲɿˡ
ʥغϴڡʯϿ֮󲢲һп൱һֶ˵˶ĳǵĶʯ԰﹩˶ġ
ôʯ̺ſֲԪĳǷǳرγһС򣬲Ӱ죬һļů紺
ĵطֱ˼飡
Ҷпȷܵ˳Ԫ֤˲ǺߣЩġ
ĻУûκΪͨˣҲٲޣ彡һġ
ֻĵطûжͨˣʿʯģǸĶʯ˻߹Ա
ĳǲ󣬵ʯĴڣȴǳ֣ǴĵطƤףͨСԶҪʯˣЩʯֵ
߽ĳǣӭֵĽСԶУһĻҶûнǴƢ϶һƨҪ˵ծ
ڶĳǣ˿ǵͷߣǳϤܿʹҶʯҰһ۵ʯի
ǾŴ󺷷ڶĳǵŵ㣬ﴫϢ֮󣬺үӺܿͻ




1502 ĳ
ĳǣǺֻܴһСͳǳأȫɻҺɫľʯɣ
ҪȸҪɹ˵һתվ
ҶĳѾ൱˽⣬Ȼĳǲ󣬵ﶼа´Ͷʯ˵ССĶĳûһͨˣȫʿ
УҶԭʼſҲ˸Ϊ˽⡣
Խ˽⣬ҶԽſأ˵һĽأ˴֮⣬ûƽ
ǰһʳĻһӵɽӣĳԭԭʼſȴ˻δ𣬾ʹʧˡ
кܶ಻аʿͼҿԭʼſɴȴȫţ뺣ʬ
ɽԭʼſ󣬶λС
أʣ⴦ܹǰ档
ԭһʯȴĪĳΪ˾أǸǽȥ˶ȥ޻ء
ԭʼΪسʼǰѴڣжôԶ
һִ˵ſھģ嵮ǰѾˡ
һ˵ڳģȴĳδ֪ռˣγֽ
˵˵ضǽأһ콾Ҳȥ޻Ҳ֪ж˽ˡ
ԭʼſ⣬Ƭĵ򼸺ȫռݣΪʯ
Ƭ򣬴ݲȫһƬë֮ء
ĳǣ⸽ΨһһСǡ
ԭʼſһʲôĴڣҶ°ͣĥ
λʦǰΪʲôҪȥʲôˣѵҪͽеϴһϸ²ɣ
뵽ҶԼҲ̲סЦˣʦȷǿʯĵط˵սݽߣʩչܶǿͨȻʦܶԿеϴ
ҶеΪȥ֮˻ûϢʧˣʦôǿܱһʥǿ
ҶӣԭʼſǿɲʲôƵذ
ǣѾõѰѰʯѾúˣΪλҪðأ
˺ʯҰѾ֪ҶͼɵȰ
İɣзִ磬ԼЦ
Ҷ˵Ҳ룬ֻΧԶԶعһˣҵλʦµãҲҲ޷
ǾͺãһȥҲǿ۽磬ʶͬ˵
ʵĲһȥðգԭʼſ̫ˣҵѰҲողһɶѣʱ±ǣҶ˵
ʲôֵܣͱ飬㲻ǵֵܣʯҰ˵
ǣ˵ͷ͡
ҶԣֻܴӦˣΪǵİȫǾһҶʯ֤һԼѰﵽʲô̶ˣóֵ׼ȥðա
ҪȥʯĻǿƼҵĶʯӮ̲źأ
֪ҶҪȥʯֽкãƼҵĶʯ
Ҫ֤һԼѰȥԩͷҶϾܾ˺˵顣
Ϊ壬϶оͨʯˣҲҿʯˣԼգ֪вأһˡ
ĳбĲ࣬ʯȴǱضǣÿһֵ϶мҴСһĶʯʿǶʯ
ں˵Ĵ£ת˰죬ѡһΪĶʯ
վס
Ҷ˱ʯ⣬ŷеļӿ˵ĴüǲɿˣʯϵĻȥǶʯĵط
ǾǶʯġ
Ҷ˸ոմԺʯϵ·ûлǺͲɿ˵Ĵһˡ
ʯģʯ𣿡
ŷ߳ˣȫüͷһ˵ɲʲô˶ġ
Ҫ쭣ʯҰͻȻסӶͳƷʯԼаأⲻʯ𣿡
󷽣ЦʯҲ˶ʯûӣһϺõϿʯ϶𡣡
˭ڷƨôôǿϳԿ̻ͷ۵
ӻˣ챾үãͲһʶˣһ౾ҡЦЦĴҶһۣʯȥ
Եһӣһ֮ɫӣȥúõĲɿɣֵطܹġ
㡭
ˣΪŴ󺷷˵ʲôʱܹ裿ǸʥصʥҲС깫Ӽֱǲ֪
ԭǳϼŵκӣ롣ʯЦǰ
ţ
ϼŵκӺЦͷҶһۣȥ
ߵǸӻͷЦôʯĻɽ漸ѡûеĻȥɣȥɿ󣬲ҪʵʵĻ룬ⲻĵط
үġ
ǽȥҰֱץͷ̣Ҳ߯ˡ
ô˵ǺôҲԺĵӣֶı˵Ƕʯˣǽʯȫû⡣
ۺкҵϲ²˵ҶȻʯļһʶ˻һңҲǷҪһϵ
Ȼ
˺ʯҰȴͬˣҶһҪȥǸνκӵĿͷӮΪǳ
ðɣ
Ҷͷʯļ˵żǸ֪߰ǿǿǿˣôԴ˵𣿡
ǸԼĹأκ˶Գġ
ǰļ˶˫ۣĻӦϼŵκӽȥϵЦ
ʯʸȥҰʵ
ﶼϿӲɳļƷʯϣûʮʯǲŵġ
һ֮ɫʮʯûеĻȰǻʵʵĻؿ󾮰ɡ
Ҷû˵ʲôֱóһռϰٽƷʯһ鼫Ʒʯҫ۵Ĺâֱӽۡ
ۿ˵͵Ķүʸȥ𣿡
ڼ˼ͷһ£۵ļ죬ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
Űɣһǿ޶Ҳض
·ŷʱҰ߶һ䣬ŵòſϣڵú޲ܺݺݳԼӣȻİѲү⣬ҪԼϰ֪ĻᱻӶķ
ϣˡ
Ҷ˽κӵǸӺ⣬ĵʮʯϺܳʱ䣬ܶ˰ɣǲףһͬȥ漸֣дΣ
ðôķЦӭ´һǸκӵӣʵ
ܼ򵥣ǸѡʯУһгʯһԷʯҪԷʯϵʯҲϣôκӵЦ˵
ãҸģڶ֮ǰҪȿһ
ܹݣЦѡ




1503 ţС
ʯкܶԺ䣬ʯأС飬µذڷԺС
һԺ䣬ͨʯϣ˵ܶʯͷķϣûͣڴˡ
Ȼ
ҶûмȥѰѾһЩٿõսˣڱʯͨʵһ£ܲܶĵƷʯڻܾ顣
ڵһԺתƣ飬ǿ飬һǳӣǼʯĿ
Ǹ
Ҫ֪һԺеʯϻʽ򣬶һЩʯôôȤ
Ҷӣʯûкû˵ģǽȥɡԽ
޷ҪΪˮȿ˵ҪҶһǼŰӿǵĿˣѡʯϡ
Ǽˣüͷһ壬һɻˮðǼֵιǼŹȥүǵ
㡭
˵пŹǼ˷ɫʱøѿȴǣ˿Ȼǲɿˣʿ򲻿ʹÿռ
ʲô㣿Ͻүǵȥ˺ݺݵһۣһ׺ݵķʱһԹԵȥˡ
ҶԺתһȦʯǧ飬Ķǳģоֻ޵ļʯҲƷʼεģûټֵ
ʯۣҶѯʵ
ʯˣһʯǧʯϡ߹͵
Ϊĵͷߣ˶ʯϵļ۸ǳϤһ۾ܿЩʯϵֵ
ǼǿԴʯҰҶָָǰǸʯУǧصľʯ
ʯ˵ʱˣȻҲʿȴѣǧصľʯҲǸ
˵ǮˮƯأôʯͷҪʯʱ϶ʲôҲĲһ
ٷϻͰᣬҪҰϰгԸҰ᣿Ҷü
һ⻰˶ʱˣǸɵľǸ˶˲赹ˮʯϵĻҪҶϰгǾͱˣֻÿȥᡣ
Ȱǿǧصʯϰ֮󣬼Ѿ۵ͷˣ¹
Ҳѡһ飡
ҶĴָԭǴȺ۵ĿŹû뵽Ҷһȥˡ
ڶʯȻδҶôͨ򵥵ıʯǻģܿһʯϣȴһľʯѹţǵʯ
ǼǿʯϸҰָǿʯ˵

˶ʱɵˣոհһǧľʯûأҪ᣿
һɷķ࣬Ҳ˵ģѳ̵ľʹˣǿǿʯ̧
ǣո߳ȥ˾ҡͷڸҪǾʯµʯϡ
&%#
˷ζըˣⲻǳ
˽ǿʯУͶضѣЦеؿżˡ
Ҫ顣
Ұָһʯϣ౻һʯѹš
ѾĥζҶͺڹأղ⼸һﹷۿ˵ͣʵˣ˿Ҳ
ȻˣѡϱʯҶȲԶˣڹ⼸һѡ
ʯ˸ŭһӱȼˣһ˵̫
̫ǹۿ˵͡
ʯҰҡҡͷǲĻҾȥϰ
㡭˵ָʯҰ
ʲô㣬үʯھͿǿʯˣϽҰһڵӣŶȺŲ裬һϲƵӡ
˰ʯ۵ĸƵģʯҰͺѡĿꡣ
ǿ飬ԣǱѹǿ顣
飬ϽŪ
һߺ裬һָʹˡ
λүǴˣùۿ˵ͣǰɡ
дһʶְ̧ɡ⼸˱˺ʯҰҶ̱˵ϣ׷
գҶԼ֣пѡеǿǧʯڳһһصƷʯԺõһʯˣĶֵó֡
ǿʯҲгʯֻпİƷʼεƷʯʺܶ࣬ɫ߲

ˣҲԱſڵϵļ˿ӲɳĿǽڶԺ䡣
һΣҶûж飬ֻתһȦȥ
ԺԵݻˣרŵŮʿӴܸԴʯʯ򣬸ʯ
ú˵Ժ䣬ٴϼŵˡ
ôͨˣҪҶ𣿡
ϼκӵһĿˡ
ľͶģӻ㲻ɣ
˵ըë˵һССĳϼţʥصʥҲ
ղڵһԺУҶıʯѾһЩ˽⣬ֵطҵƷʯοˣţҶǲʧֵġ
˵ˣԼԱʯҲЩĵãȻ˵ͨǳ˵۹⻹еģκӵҪöࡣ
ǾͶİɣ
κޱĿһۣʼѡϡ
ܿ죬ǾѡһжʮصʯϣκǿʯϣԼӵѡɣ
ӹĽӹȻҶӣҲϽѡһɡ
ҶתһȦѡһϴʯϣǰˡ
ѡʯ϶󣬵ȴƣԺԴʯܹΪгʯļʺܸߡ
ʦʯɣ
ϼκӵרŸʯʯʦ˵
ãҪȼˣ
һ׷ͯյ߹һʯȻ󽫵˫־ٹͷķݣֶ֮ʯϰݣдʣҲ֪˵ʲô
Ȼվʼʯ
꣡
ŵⷭɣʯƤ䣬ϼѡеǿʯͷԽԽСҲûʯ֡
һǿ޵
κӵЩʡκԼҲüͷ
ʦɡҶǿʯ˹ȥ
ʯͷһǷʯý𣿡κӵһмӡ
ԱҲҡͷʯϻҺɫкɫߵ㣬Ǵ·ɫҹǡǷʯһ飬о֪
̫ˣȷʵǷʯ˶ü
ǸʯʦҲҡҡͷʯҲա
ô˵ҰЩԲ׼ˣСҶҪһɣûأ
ҶӣаʯҶ׼һϣʱǾͶˡҲЩֹ¶ˡ
İɣûȻЩ˻˵ģˡҶԼûôĹأԱߵеֱӶȥ
꣡
һ죬ʯѿһҫ۵Ĺâѷ촦һȭͷ߲ʯӨͨ͸Ƕʯ
ҶһЩʯˣ߶
Ȼʯˣҹôʯأ
һأǴǰ
ԱߵȫȵĽ߸ǵ֪
ԭΪκζû뵽гʯˣһ߲ʵƷʯ




1504 
һȭͷ߲ƷʯҶģɢҫ۵߲ʹâյλһ㡣
Χ˶ɵˣǵ֪УҹʯϣôֵʯϣͲʯеġ
Ȼǰһȴװ׵ĸǣϣûʲôǲܵģҹҲгʯƷʲƷʯ
һصƷʯֵ൱ڶʮƷʯͨʿ˵һʾ޶Ƹˡ
Цеκӵȥɣгʯ಻٣࣬ǿ
˿̣һʢʯĴӣ״Ӧж㡣
κӵһϳͷʱð˺ˮƷʯ˵ǸܴĿȻԼӳģ϶Ҫϵġ
⡭ôܣһʯȻҲгʯûˣ
ҰȲʡ
Ըķ䣬ɡ
ʯҰһѽԴ˹
κӵǱһƨ˵ϣĿͣʧǡ
е˼
ϼŵκƮƮһӣҶ˵ǸҺ𣿡
ҶЦЦʲôҵģҪ˵ѣʮѶû⡣
кܼѰȻǸ飬Ѿ˽˱ʯڶʯɳˣ潫Ѱ͸ºδȥã
Ȼ
Ҷĺƺþˣ߰˿ʯϣȴëûе
෴ϼŵκȴгһȭͷƷʯղŵʧӮ˻ȥ
Ȼڿ£ҲʯϣڿǴֻʯȴһѧʡϼŵκӳȷʵʲô˶ġ
еҲʯǲҵ֪ߵغ񡣡
ĳƷʯͷֻҵµǵʯ⡣ԱߣҡͷԷ̡
үĵڿˣ
һ仰ΧǺֱۣȴû˵ʲôˡ
ΪҶȻŲɿ·˶ɿġ
ҶͲ˵ˣȻȻһλߵϣȻԣܱ
ʯҰһҰ˵ͷģһʯ˶󹤡
˸һôЩʵͽĲɿˡ
ҶüѰѧĶûдΪʲôʧ
뵽Ҷ߰˿з˵ʯҳڵϸ۲죬ĦŸӦеĲ֮ͬ
ɵˣˣ
ڿӣ棬ô࣬Ȼʧǣ˵벻ء
˼ˣ벻ʲô¶ĳ
ϼκߵļֻĳ
κҡȣӸ£ӶڵϿʯҶǸϽؿ󾮰ɣӦôĵطЩʺϡ
ҶڶûдʯãлȻ򣬰дʯթ޳ܡ
ѰѧĶûдҶʯ٣Щʯϱʿȡʯʯģܷˡ
˵ļ̣
Ҷаʯαʵڹ֡
Ĵһסˡ
Ϊ鼴˵Ҳûжţڱҿʯ˶һıд֧֡
ڽĶʯУҶˣûо԰յľ׶һѡϵٶȾ˺ܶࡣ
ΣҶˣгʯ̫Сûʯա
̶̰ʱҶϴʯѾ˸⣬ֻʣһ鼫Ʒʯˣ鼫Ʒʯ˵ʲôҲȥĵġ
ҵıʯǲҰ
Ҷпսͱʯ£ʯϴ붼ֽţĿǰĹ͸
ҶӣﻹһЩʯҪǽŶģҾͲаˣ˰ԼʯóʮҶ
ˣҿ͸ٶȥҲǰ״ߣһȥúþһ±ʯ͵ɣҶҡͷʯˣŤͷȥ

κЦԶģЩӣ󾮲ʺǵġ
ģɣ˲ȻŭһɱϱŷֱӾҪ֡
ʲôǻﶯֲɣһԣϼŵκӵҲû뵽ӾȻҲҶɱ⡣
ˣԸķ䣬ߣ
Ҷס˺ˣڱ˵Ķʯж֣Ȼǲǵģ˵ˣԼˣǰûжֵɡ
ʲôʱܹϼţӼסˡ˺޺޵Ҷȥаݡ
ȥ֮ڵʯڴٴθʯ
Ҷ߳ʯһ˲䣬ϼŵκں泰
ã
Ҷ΢΢üκڶʯϵȷеУѡϼ׼ײʧ֣϶ĳûֱӭս
Ҷ˻صԺĶʯ
ԺĶʯУҶȻ׶ϰʯǿԵġ
ԺһʯҲֽţϾʯ̫ˣһЩʯп䣬һ˶ˣǿˡ
صס֮ҶֱӱչأѰеıʯԸʯϵԶоʲôʯ䣬ʲôʯǷϣġ
ҶأȴûֱȥҺǣԺĶʯпʼת
ȻˣҶὫЩʯп֤ԼжϣǻὫÿһΪʯ϶˼Ǻš
СѧѰ
ԺʯĸҵҶһصʵ
ȫᣬһİˣ
ҶʵĻش𣬶ԼΪʯ϶ˡ
̫ˣͷ԰Ϊʯȫп
Ժ˴ϲһ´ԺĶʯ̷ˣϽκ˳롣
ԺʸϵʯʦԲٵЩʯпȡ䣬ʯģطʯϷ
ʯһģԺĸ֪ģһ˸ͿЩʯѾֽˡ
ԺʯʦѾˣޱȷḻʲôʯгһۿȥжϸ˾ųɣڷʯϸжַѾܶ겻Զˣһ㶼Ϊָһ¶ѡ
԰֮ʦԲٵҶѡʯһһпʯһЩƷʯƷʯʯĸֵͶˣξǴա
ͨʯҶԼıʯҲˣǶֽŵʯϣ۾Ϊۼηʯϣ֪е
һתۣʮȥˣҶʯļմǣѰҲһ
ߣȥһһҪǸκͨĵ̣
Ҷҵ˺ʯҰ˺ƺƵٴʯɱȥ
⼸죬ͨ˵ĵ飬Ѿ֪˳ϼκӵ
κͨϼκĵ͵ӵܣΪôȴᰮʯڶʯһ衣
Ȼˣ趼ǳϼʯӲҳģҶ֪ϼžȻͺһŽӵĹǸ൱ɾš
ڱŲǲҶʥЩʯģֻǶһЩͨĲɿù裬νǻ
ҪǸκ˵һɶ
ǰʯ·ϣ˷ܣ·Ѿκͨ³




1505 һѴ
ʯһַǳ
ԴϴҶһҹʯгƷʯ֮󣬺ܶ˶ӵʯ˲١
λүˣ
Ҷ߹˶ʱ̣ϴαĸһĵԣ˱ȶתλүԲܵûжʯҲʯȴˡ
ţнúøɣүǣ
Цеӭȥÿ˵ļһ£ɫĻǵɱ֮
˿ɲʲôŮϴǼĵһ£ûʲôһڱǾϣ顣
οʵ˺ܶķϣ˱Ƕɱ֮һСٹ߰죬˱Ṧʧȥ
κС𣿡ʵ
ڣսȥûãڹڵԺӻߵԺѡʯ˲ҵκͨҲҵҶǣֻΨΨŵŵش
κͨүҹӼݣ
ո߽ʯ˱㳶ɤӺ͸߰Ժ͸棬ǵò˶ǲĿ
Ͳܵ͵ϴǿﶪˣ
ҶЦãԸ̫ˣ֪͵Ϊ
͵ʲôǾҳӵģҪ˶֪Ҷӣοȫˣҽĵ̣˴ֵ˵
ⲻǿб£Ūʯˣ
ϴĻŹȥʮ죬Ȼˣ
ٲ£ʯɲôģһСľпѪ޹飡
˽ܶ˶һָָ㣬ʮǰþ龰Щ˿Ǽ
Ժ䣬ڵ߲ԺУҶ˼ǵԩҶͷκͨ˿̵һʤѩȣһʱӡ
ӣʯ˵ûʮʮƷʯĻҶĵʸûС
κͨ߹һŪ˵

Ҷ˵ֱóռ鱦ٽʯһӽ˶ˡ
ԭΪҶõóôʯƷʯʢʯıҲǳˡ
û뵽Ҷ۾գһ¾óٽһСŵʯˣ𾪣
ܺãǾͿʼɣѡϣȫ㣡
κͨҲˣ
һʼҶ˺пĳ򲻿ڶ̶ʮŪôʯƷʯΪࡣ
תһ룬Źȥʮ죬ҶӮְ͵ʯհײա
ɣ
Ҷ˵ղſһ£ԺлЩöģֻҪûбֽţг˲õĶ
ã
κͨ൱ʹ죬Ϲأдġ
˵꣬ĿʼѡʯˣȻҶˣʼĵʱҲ
ܿκͨѡһʯϣֻвٽӣһƤϷ·̦һʵȴ̦ʯϵıɫ
Ҷ˫ۼ⣬ɨһǿʯϣ滹ʯһܲƷʯӦӡ
ѡˣϿѡɣκͨԼѡеǿʯϣЦеҶ˵
һ飡
Ҷѡûѡֱӵϼһͷʯϣʮĳִʯı߽ϣԲκʯеġ
˳ѡʯͷ̫ûˡ
˵Сֵܣ㻹ϲ߲Ѱ·ʯͷҲѡĳЩʯı߽ϣҪܳʯŽмˡ
ϽһɣʯϾԲκζġ
ǷϣѡʯĻж٣ǻһɣ
һЩ˷׷ȰҶһ飬Ϊǿ߽ϾǷϣʲôҲС
ҶҲ֪Щ˵ģƾıʯȷһϣѡˣҪ˾ҪһδģӵԶûΪֹ
Χ۵˵Ум˺ĵѣǳ
ұ۾һҲ߽ǿˣҪ˼ԲŹˡ
ֳʶԶ֪Ҳ˼ʯϹèӡ
κͨҡȣ¶Ц⣬ΧʯתһȦЦʯģ
ߵҲЦĴǿϣ
ʯϣһ˻ѡ
ǰЩ˲ѡ
۹˼ܴгϡأ
һгҽʯƤȥʶ
һȺ˲ϵĹ룬׷϶Ҷ䶨ˣ˶ںڣ֪ҶѡϵĻԼͲһˡ
ʯɣ
ʱʯʦķְʯ֮ſʼֵǰߣκͨѡеʯпƤ׹أʱй⻪ҫ
߲ʹâ˸Ʒʯˣ
հصʯƤѣѾ⴫¶ʯɢҫ۵߲ʹâͨ徧Өǳɾ
ܿ죬ٴξʯ˳ĽأεĶʯ˵Ѿܿɹˡ
ˣʯϲ󣬾ȻôƷʯ
ˣס
κͨȷеУʯ϶ѡ
Ƿ׷ĽľЩСʿ˵ĽƷʯѾһ൱ɹĲƸˡ
Ҷֱӽҵʯⶼ˹˵ʯͿÿһҪʯһ֣ԺӴоԲ
λֵѡʯϰɣҵҪгʲô䣡κͨߵ˽Цһֻӡ
꣡
ʯʦûеֱӶʯƤ׹أܿͰ´ʯ㡣
Ȼ
ȴǿգ˵ʯˣëûУʯȫǻҰɫʯʡ
һֱȫ꣬һصʯƤ׻ʲôҲûУ˵ˣ

һĻ˺ʯҰ˵ɵۡ
סȸǵͷôϵ
Ҷ˺ʯҰ˴˱ֳһɥˡ
ԭˣ
һҶҪһѴģ




1506 Ϲ
ڽļʯУҶսŰܣѡʯûгκζгһЩʷǳƷʯ
ܿ죬ٽʯѾ˸ɾκֵͨ춼ϲ£ˣ̶̰칦򣬾ӮٽʯһʲСĲƸ
ˣŵɣеаţǳˣĿǰԲУٶȥ߲ʯ˾ͣ
ǰְɣοѾûʯˣʲôģ
һЩ˷׷׳ԣȰҶ˾֣ȻôʯǻǮѵˣŽϡ
˻ֻһЩԾԾԣϣܹҶԶġ
ǿҶ˾Ǵ״򣬲װײס
ȥھԺжģҲң
Ҷ·۵Ķͽһ㣬ݺݵκͨ˵
ʲôҵģҾҪķڷ
κͨ⣬Ѿнһǧʯˣνǲƴ֣˿⡣
㻹ʯΪ˱֮ˣóʯκͨǳҶۣҪװǡ
֮𣿡
ҶЦһú˺ʯҰԼʯȫóжٽ㹻һεˡ
ˣȥԺĶʯ˵˵ģǧʯãöüƷʯҪ̣Ҷ˴
õģȥ
˵ͷֱתȺ˵ȥＯʯ˲ɵþһ
СֵܣҲĿ𣿡
һЩΪ˱˵ʿ׷ҶԶġ
ã߲ܣ˭ҪҶģҶһȥ˵ӣʱ˲ˡ
ҶֵܣаǧˣɲСĿӮʯһеȵŵʯҲôѣʯҰЩĵҶ
İɣзִ磬ôΪҪ֣һѴģССֵĻͲģҶο
ģ
Ҳ
ң

һʱ䣬˶Ҷ򣬱źһѵ̬˽ÿѡʯģͲǶʯмҡ
ôõĻᣬûÿ˶ԼеʯѺעˡ
ãǾȥھԺѡʯɣ
ҶھŲԺȥһȺˣһЩ԰ײԲԵ߶̲סΪģΪ˼֤һġ
ʲôҶʯͱ˶ʯأҪʯȥ
ԺڶĳǵĶʯ˵õϢ̴֮ʯʩչͨıԼòͺһʯ
Ҳ䣬ǵӮ̫࣬˶ˣʱЩưոݣ
ϲѾԸˣҶԺӵӣκʧҪ֤Ҷİȫ
ھԺк壬ƽʱûж˳ûȴһ
Ժеʯϲ࣬ÿһʯ϶ֵƣһ㶼һЩϹŶʥصʥӲŻʯ
иһ˶ֻܽΧۣΨѡʯ˿Խ룬Ͼʯ̫ˡ
԰һƤ׷ߣϣ꣬һ滹ѡʯ
ҶʯҰκ߽ͨʱһһһ㡣
ҲΧڵھԺΧȴҶκͨѡʯ
Ժľ࣬һжһĿȻ׿˶ڵȴš
˵ʵû˿ҶǣϾҶ֮ǰİܼ̫ˣǶһͷ򣬼Ҳ㷭
ֺʯ԰в̣ƽЩľ֮⣡
ʯϣǺܶ࣬ȴиλãʯÿ춼飬Ϊʵ̫ˡ
Щʯ϶ڷŵĺȻУӿȪˮϣټ䡣
ʯ뾰ڣгһعһ豹ζ
һľʯʣǵߣΪǽܡ
ҶȻ׼Ǳһܶʯͷ󣬵ȴֵٽʯ
Ϊ׵ǣЩʯһͼֵǧʯΪ𾪣һνӴʯû뵽ˮô
˵ʦҲ̫˰ɣ𣿡Ҷʵ
ƽټˣΪһϹŶ׼ģȷʵоԲЩ˵ҪܴӴ˵زһϣһδԸ㾡Сʯʻص
гʲôʯҰʵ
̫ˣһΣгһƬҩҶӣʱ䶯򣬺ܶϹŶˡʯЦ˵
ҩҶӡ
Ҷ൱ԣͷܴҩʲôǿ֮۶Ϊ֮ĶĶ
ܹôۻڶĶ˲ҩ֮⣬ĶʯгһƬҩҶӣ
ǿѡʯϣ
κͨڲԶʵѾѡһʯϣشʮǳܱͨõģ϶䡣
ʯȻ󣬵ȴֵٽʯϣ͵ʯϱʯһ˸͸
ҶԱʯ۲һ£ѡʯл䣬ζǾŲʵƷʯ
Ҷת˰죬ܶʯ϶˸飬ѡһǳʯϣ׸ߣشǧϣ
ΪѡʯϣгϡʲôҲκͨҶѡʯͷЦѡ
ķ̣ҶʯϱϿȥͨʵȴǬп˲õĶ
ҶҲ鿴ˣʯû⣬ֱֽŵʯϣŷ
Ϲأдģ˭гʯֵ˭ʤѡʯͷҶʵ
Ȼ
κͨһЦгʯҪʯ֮Ȼ⣬ԷʯϵʯҲ֧
Ӧˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڣ
Ǿʯɣ
κͨͷ׼ʯ
ʱһɧң˴ɤŽеһãǴʯˣ˭ҸǶģ
˺һʿһ˽
ʿҶһۣ˵ֱӼռ鱦һķʯɶѵʯһҫ˵ۡ
ķʯΪע˭ԸĶԲμӽҶ·۵Ķͽһ㣬ҪһϮ
Ҹģ
ķʯڵϣ˴

̶Ƭ̣ҶѾʮʯʮ
κͨ˽ԼȫѺ֮⣬˽㼸ٽʯҲͶ˽ȥ
ৣৣৣ
ŵ·ɣκͨǿʯϺܿСʱй⻪ҫȻǵɫƻá
Ʒʯλ֮
˶û뵽κͨȻ죬ȻгƷʯָֻ׸ôһҲֵǧͨʯˣ




1507 ϡ
˿̣ʯ˺ڵĳӶˣ޲úݺݳԼӣ
ʯϣǶֽţнʯпȡʯطϣԴγãȴ©ġ
֪ʯоȻ̲ƷʯĻ˵ʲôҲпʯȡߣ˵ʲôˡ
Ʒʯλ֮
ʵ̫ˣҿҲָ׸ôаϡ
ʱʯĸҲϵˣʯλðɫ˺޲һԴײǽϣĿˡ
ƷʯԽ˼ƷʯĴڣɫʶˣΨһɫԽУʾǵһɫʣλ֮
Ƕʯ˶֪ƷʯǼΪԴҺھѹ֮Żγɵһʯ̵ԪǳֲǼֵǵĶ
꣡
Ʒʯλ֣֮˶κͨǴ˿
гƷʯѾʤˣҶǰķʯ·ѾԼ
ôʯһеĿҲûô࣬ξǴգ
Ҳǳޱ⣬׼ʯֵ࣬Ͷϲ£ˡ
ôа𣿡
κͨȻгƷʯҲʼЩˣ֪Ҷıʯﵽʲô̶ˣȴ֪Ʒʯļֵ
İɣôľ֣Ϊ˿ǵģܿԼҶǳƽ
κʯгʲô֮ˣһһʧ
κͨĶһȭͷƷʯλ֮гΧλһ㣬˷·λðĺһ
ģȻƷʯλ֮ôһ飬ֵͨʯˡ
ƷʯڷɳǵʥضʯҲˡ
κͨеλ֮˶׷׹άţʾϲҶ˵ĿгΪ䶨ˡ
Сֵܣɣʯϸгʲôġ
ǰȨʯѵɣԺע⣬ʯеʲô˶ܽġ
һЩ˷׷ȰҶˣҪȡˣֻܶ˸
û˼һ뿴λСֵѡʯгʲôأκͨĵ˵
˿̵ϣҶܹгһЩʯΪҶгʯУǰ׼ģȻŹ
ǰϽʯɣһųʯƤأ
κͨߵһЦ˵һ䣬ʱһôЦ
˵ҪųʯƤǰɣҼסˡ
ЦһʯҰ˵һᣬ㲻ȥʯƤĻȥ
Уҵţ
κͨߵǸ˳ʯҲгǧȥɡ
λ˰ɣǿҪ֤ʱҪʯƤġǰΧ˵
ãǸ֤
аɣǼʶʶʯŵգ
пֲ´ģһ塣
ৣৣৣ
˺ôЦУҶһʼʯĶʯϵƤ䣬ʯҰŴƨɣЩʯƤȫռ
ҶգȻľģȻмְյģҪˡ
׸ߵʯҶĶ£ܿСֱͷʱԾûκʯļ
ţ
һĻ˺ʯҰжʼˣҶٴοۡ
ĻķʯɾĴˮƯˣֽ˵ǳܲԺоˡ
~
Ҷͣһǰ׻ʯϣüͷ壬ֻʣͷСһˣһûκγʯļ˭Ϊһʯʲôˡ
ʯֶܹ֣ʯʯƤŸһϢԣ꼫ֲʿ͸
г˭Ҳ֪һʯоûʯҶѧ˱ʯҲֻܴʯϵɫϢȸϢۺжϲܲ³š
Ȼ
ģгԶû˵׼ҲǶʯһȤһȫƾ
ҪЩ˵ˣʲôҲᣬʲôʯײдջ
˶ѺעüٶͲѺˡҶϾתеʯ΢Ц˵
ģǴյʯһģ
£߰˴һʯΪһߣ˽
˵һ˴ͷܿв˼˽һЩһǿ߶಻סҫʯջ󣬿ʼ˽
ϵʯӣ˺ʯҰ˶ԾˣҪǽô˶ˣҶڶĳǽ֮ˡ
ԺԾһڵӣ˿ںʱֻҪҶݹû˸Ժеģ
ԸԶ𣿡
ҶΧȥĿЩӹ
ܶ˶⶯ҶͺƽЩɻˣɲ
һЩͷˣһȺ궼Ҷһ˺ģʱè塣
ûˣҶٴʵ
㻹ûꣿϽʯ
κͨе㲻ͷˣҲоЩѳﻢ˶˲ˡ
ͬʱܶζĵ˶ЩɻˣԼǲǱˣ
־òܣôһʯˣʲô䣬ӦĳϢ¶ˡ
գûٽҶǰѾнʮʯˣôʯһеȵţҲһˡ
Ǻöʯǿǲƴ֣ⱲҲûôʯҶ°͸п
㻹ûꣿĥߴϽʯκͨñð̣ٴδߵ
ãȻ㼱䣬Ҿͳȫ㣬Ⱦϡɡ
Ҷ¶ɫʯĵһԣһǿͷʯȥ
Ҷ˿̵Ҫ˵һʯϣһ鱦ֱˣأֻǽʯƤ˶ѡ
꣡
һʯѵΧһӰƺֻص˸տʼʱû˵
䣡
һϢ˷·ԡɹ֮һë׶ſˣ־ϼĸо
ǡ
һ̡
˶ˣ
ΪϢ˲ҩ֮⣬ֻиִרɽС
ৣ
âҫۣ
һȭͷԴһƷʯǰȻϾɫɫ񻪳죬ԪŨĻ
ʯж
ۼ⣬һ۱㿴ϾƷʯоȻĶ
ǡ
רʥϾ
һȺ˾һȿֺļƺҪ۾Ͽźá
ûȷǴרʥϾ
ʧ鲻۵ʯоȻƷʯʯлŴרʥ

һ̣ʯɱ˵ĶˣǿˣǵĶڵѪ
ôܣ
κͨ˫Ŀǰľϡ䣬һѪ




1508 ĳ
Ҷг˾ϡ䣬˵Ԥϡû뵽һֽ
ЩҶԶĵˣǵĶڵѪܵʯһ˸ɾ
ģҲ̫ˣ
Զĵọ̈̄ѣ䡣
κͨ˿̺޲һƽҶΪԼӮˣȴû뵽·ת˶ľָ֡оͺھ֮ϷţȴһӰé־޴
Ʒʯλ֮ν󣬵ҪָʲôȣǸרʥĻϾȣǼֱһĲֵˡ
û˹עǣгһרʥϾԳƵ䣬˵˹ȥ
ɽЩһѰ٣Ӷ޷Լר۱ɼɲжˡ
ҶֵܣϾҿɺãһһļ۸񡣡
Ҷʾãͼ
ţҶʶʾõģϣҶܹɲǡ
ϾȻȭͷ󣬲鱦޸۱ȴȫԡ
⣬ûϾģҲԼʥԴʥƷʣǲɶõɲġ
һ̣ܶ˶ҶʾãչϾС
ǸϾǷƷ
Щ飬ҶˣܽɲĳۡҲҪɲ޸
̫ϧˣǴרʥ
ܶ˶ʣ޲ᣬôǰǸͲ
ʯ˺ڵӶˣضҶеĻϾ˿̣ɱ˵Ķˡ
Ҷ˵Ŀ⣬ϵһʯ𣬹â˸һƬӨνջ޴ֵõ˶ʮʯ
λ֮Ҳǵģ
ЦôӶֵˣֱ߹ȥκͨеǿλ֮Ʒʯ˻
κͨ·𱻳˽һһ̱ڵϣһĳ鴤跸һ
Ǹ˭Ǿ㣬ģ˵ľ㡣
ԭκͨվһǸ˵ŵԣʯƤɣ
⡭
˿ʯҰһʯƤռһʱˣתߡ
ֱһȥקס˵ӣСӣղүѾ˵ˣҲԣүĥߴϽԡ

龰Χ˶ʱһƬЦ
Ƕʯкı򶷣ͷˣ˿ޱȡ
㡭ſ
϶ķ䣬Լ˵ҪʯƤģүǵĻͱʳԣϽҳȥ
澡ʧ޲Ҹطȥһҧͳʢʯں˵ˣһЦ
˵רʥֵΣ
˽Ŀκͨϣʵ
˻һ˶˵ˣרɲģ޼֮˵ֵʯΪ
õ۱ȥĻܻܿĳһֲۣϾڸĵ۱أҪרɲ޸ĴǶġ
ɣҾ͵ֵһƷʯˣκӣʯɣЦеߵκͨ˵

˵Ļκһ鴤ֱӻ˹ȥ
һƷʯ˵ǰϼҲղôʯǳˡ
ͬʱκͨϵʿֻڵѪɱ˵ĳ嶯Ǹκͨˣ
ǹݣ
ᣬĻһȫȥ˲˵Ƿһƨߵծδʮ궼뷭ˡ
ǻã
ղӮʯʱǿŽŵĺĹȢϱ˷ܣǷ̡ڿǣڸоΣǳЦǵĻһӴӾ֮Ե˰ɣټһ䣬ŵء
㡭
˸λ󶯣ȴ޿κΣѿˣҶıʯˣ֮ǰ֮һֱ֣ڿӡ
˿̣ЩΧҶߴ˶Ҷʮֿǿɲȥùͷ
ʱЩˣҶڶʯʯˣȻҪ£㲻չеĻϾһŽҲû
ܶ˶˼Ҷ֦ϣܹҶùϵǿеĲǻϾƷʯҪǿıʯ
ĿĿҶõ˲ܹãԻд
Ȼ
Ҷȴһһлˣг˹֮רɽʱڷ˼ϣ֪˫۾ء
ʱ򲻿Դ⣬ɱ֮
ۼҶɽ𣬺ܶ˶еޱȵĿϧһɽȻСӵвƵ۱ĵ֪ٸߵļ۸Ҳ˴ͷ
Ͼ粨ƽϢҶԺʯĸˣһʥ̫ϳϵǿߵı뿪ʯصԺİ´

ҹµգ»ˮҫĳУĳǵҹʼˡ
ǶһУд˿֮ŮԽĸֲ¥Ҳʼʿϲڿܹ֮࣬һͨ˵̻Ϣ
һζʯ˵ӰԶܶ嶼ŷǰʯϣܹټгϾš
һʱ䣬ĳǷӿܶŶĳǣϣгһЩ
ڻϾ¼Ӱ£ССĶĳǿǰܶʯΪһЩСĶʯ⡣
ЩѾҶûʲôϵˣصԺڶĳǵİ´֮Ҷ㿪ʼѰеĸνǴŲŲӼ
ѰҶ֣صĹ۲ɽòһЩ͵ϵķˮ֮ͬȴȷˮҪ̫ˣ
ͨ۲òƶϳûʯƶǸ
߾ֻ֮Ҫһɨ֪ʯܹϵǳӦǳ֮Ϊá
ȻˣҶԶδﵽ־磬ܹõսڹ۲ҫַ֮󣬾Ѱһǿʹá
Ҷӣڿǳˣĳǵ̸飬ܶѰټϣܹ£ǵŻʥء
һ죬˴ҶһϢ񣬶ĳе̸Ҷֿ˱˶ʮʯ飬ıʯƳ
쳤ϣô˵ô˵ɡҶһҲߵķ粨
ˣм¸йأ
Цǵλקĸһκɵùˣþⲻ㣬Ƿ˾޶ʯȥ֮󱻳ϼŵһĳֱ࣬
Ĳ̫ˣֲң
Ҷҡҡͷ֮û˿ʴȡ
Ϊ
֪ľ֣κͨԲ


1509 ɱ
ߺҶ°˺ܾãվȽѰеһɣȻڹǰ¶ϳݡ
Ѱмصһͨƶڶı֮࣬ͨʿҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
Ҳ޳ɣҶչ˰²Сɡ
غҶתȫһž죬ò˺ܴĸı䣬Ӳθ磬Ҳ˲٣ȧǵȴҲ˺ܴĸı䡣
žӿһ£Ҷ൱⣬üĿ絶Ŀ࣬һǰͬ
Ӧû⣡
Ҷĵͷ˿̳ںǰ˶δϳԼ
Ѿнһû¶ˣضʯ粨ƽϢ˰ɣҶòȥתת˳һ¿ûȥԭʼſ̽ա
ĳǣģС¾ɣµĲɣ˵һǳأ˵һһӡ
بŴڵĶĳǣû˵徿ʼʲôҺɫĹųǽͽ˵ʱţ߲ĽвѺۡ
ҶڳУܵ³Զȥʷɣֵϵʯ嶼ȵİȥʿ
ͬҶԤϵһıòûϳ߻һЩʿ̸ʯһξĶԾжıʯ൱Ƴ硣
ߣϹèӶѣ˵ʲôʯˣҿˣҪȻôٳˣҪ֪ڵʦв˶أҪԾһǿ
һЩĵɢۣͼҶƳ
Ȼͽ͵ģҶЩ۸ûϡ
ڱҪĿĲǶʯҪӮʯҪԭʼſѰҵһʦټ
λ׳ʿĳǰɣһ𣬵Ƕʯɣ֤дջ񡣡
λֵǷҪԭʼſԵĺϣʵѡһ£⡣
ֵк̡ܶʯӪʯϣкʿҶҲڱк֮ڡ
Ҷ£߽һʯի
ʯի󣬲һӣٽֶнһ̴ľܣֻڷʮʯϡ
Ҷ㿴˿ִ˵ʯϵļ۸ףЩʯϺͬʯһλҲ˵ڼϵЩʯϵͬʯ
Ҳ߯˰ɣ𣿡Ҷе㲻š
СֵܣͲ˰ɣЩɲͨʯϣҪɳǵʯϣǴԭʼſǴرԵɳģմȾԭʼſϢ
իΪҶ⣬ʯϣĵĸͲ̵ʯˣڶ䣬ƷʯиĶ
ҶѰеıʯǷֻѡһʯϣ㲻ٳˡ
ʯòʧʯĶ֮ԳֲΪի׵㽻飬ϣܴõһЩõϢ
ϸ磬ɷʲô·ȥԭʼſҶ˵
ԭʼſĿʥغ͵Ϸˣط˵ٽص˺ͨ
ȻͨԺĿԭʼſ󣬵ôǻԵøۣԺĸҲͬģ취
˵СֵܣǸطȥãʥǿ߽ȥ󶼲ܷ˻ʯիȰ
Ҷ΢΢һЦİɣҿɲȥҲ룬ֻԶۣԭʼſȴһʵһź
իЦȫ⣬ˣȥԶۣǹܲסԼܵĳشڵٻһ㣬߽ÿ궼ʧٺܶˡ
£
ҶΪ棬ԭʼſ쳣Ѳĳﲻɣ
ǧȷիһĵ
ô˵϶а취ȥԭʼſˣҶһʱ侫ѰѾЩˡ
СֵܣȰ㻹ǲҪգ̫ûʲôôĻẦ˵ġʯի˺ĵȰ衣
ϸģ֪أǧæҶִҪȥ
Ȼˣȥһӵˣ֯˽ԭʼſ۸񲻷ƣǿˡիֲҶֻΪṩһϢ
Ҷ뿪ʯիҵ۱İ´Ź𿨣ܿ͵õԼҪϢ
ӣصһͷߣȻˣͨеå죬ʿеĹ⡣
ĳǣӵܹ㣬⣬Ѻʯϵȣɱ
ס򵥵ʯͷӣưܣѹͲһסĵط
ҶҵӵʱԺеһϻ°રવĳź̴˿ϵͷߵķ緶
ˣһӣСӣûкõطȥֲ
˻ʿеĹ⣿
ҶЩţǶԾ۱ϢǳΣҲûٻɣֱ˵Լ⡣
аˣÿ궼ϸԼȥ
΢ŵ߶һ䣬̧ͷҶһۣȼɣչһȥ
ϸ磬Щӵ⣿
Ҷ֣ڲԶһǽŲٵ͡ʾ֮Ķɵʵ
ʵˣɱɱɲˣҲˣЩί飬ֻһмˣӻ˻񡣡
ߵʯͷϿ˿̴֮䣬ҪӻĻҲΪ磬ڱ꣬Ҫɡ
ҶȤǰȥһ£üͷʱһЩоȻ漰ģһʥطġ
Ҷſһ£ȻĻòṩͿɵðٽƷʯпɵٽ׽ɵǧ
Ǹ߰ĴۣϧѪ
Ҷ൱ƣԼʥؼûκνΪʲôԼôĳޣ
ѵǳžģ
Ҷһûܡ
ƥ۱ջ̫ˣƲڴԺҶĴӼѡ
ѾСгɾֻͣҪСĽһ뽫ҵҲûôס
⣬򱱲ĹҺܼҲ͸Ҳͣʥص͸Ҫߡ
ǵҶɵЦˣ򱱲ĹңҺܼңļ壡
ԺһλϣҵܼҵǿȫܣɱȻưոݡ
Ժʱ޿κΣԺǾûټɻˣֻҪ֪ĽҶɱõ۱ԺҲδܲó
ҺǳҲɱ
Ҷ̽ʵûеĳǳȥթһթӶѣû뵽汻թһЩõϢ
ľ֣ش֮⺢ӷͷ̫ʢˣ˲ǵˣ˶೤ʱˣھ̻ԺԺı£û˸Ҷ
װһ̣һ߳һ߽˵Һܼһ˲ˣʥҲһЩһһ֣ȻǲݵĽ
һĸ֣ҵʶһ¡
ҶЦ˲ʯʵЩ⶯ЩԵ


1510 ̽ԭʼ
ʱҶ뿪
ôС̸ֵ£ûбǸ϶һѣ·Ǹʯիʱիشк
аɣʮƷʯ
Ҷիӡ󻹿ԣЩ۸ļ̡
Ȼ۸񲻷ƣҲ׵̫ݡ
ʯիƼȻѾҪȥ̽գһҪһʯˣǴƷʯϰʯƤиԴаãǽѵķߡ
Ŷ
ի˵ҶΪĶѰ֪ЩƷʯϰʯƤ֮ȷиԴаá
ʯ֮󣬳ΪԶԪҺ̵ĵر֮⣬ѵá
ʯһʯƤǵϵһʯƤκϢȽҲ޷̽һʯоû䡣
ͬʯȻȻûʲô߿Ƽȴٳһ·ʿۿԿȴ޷ʯƤʯƤ£Ϊͨ죬пҲ֪澿ûʯ˵ʲôˡ
һּۻۣҶջʮʯһʯ¡
սʯսռУҶ洫һ޵˻ţһ㣬һХ
һȺˣʮӣﶼǸǿޣȵô𶯣Խֵһ
ȺһʱҶ·ŵһɫġš֣Ȼǹŵۼˡ
Ű˶ſ񣡡ҶЦ˵һ䡣
ȣû취ŵۼڱǸͷߣ˭ҲǣǰǶܵ͵Ҳ֪ôˣ׷׳ˣһקĸƵġ
իҲͬУҶ⣬൱Ҷ͸¶һҪϢŵۼ˳ˣĿǰѾ˶ĳǡ
ҶʯҰˡ˾ӵƷǰ߰˵Ⱥ඼ˡ
˺ʯҰ˾˶ͨԼĿŴ󺷷˵ǵı־̫ˡ
Ҷڶıò棬˸ǲҶڼС
ֱΪ׼ģԺҪѧˣʥغ͵ʯ󻹲ȥ˭ܷң
仰ҶЦãɲΪ£Ϊ˶Щ׷ɱˣ۱ڼģ˭ҧһڣò
ˣڴղˡ
ӵź̸ˣһһ˵˵ãֻ·ԸҪǳʲô⣬޹ء
֪ˣ⻰ֲ˵һˣϽ·ɣ
аˣһķ˲֪Ĺſֲ˶ʲôÿģ궼в档ӵһ䡣
Щ˲ˣ˵үͲ˵ϲģͺϸȥһ
ðɣԸƽƽһ·˳磡Ӳٶ˵ͷȥ
ˣԼΪ̫ΣˣҲġ
ո߳ţҶּ˹żҵЩˣɫҴңԦޱڶȥȺһƬ̳ЩԭʼſŭĿӡ
ż̫ˣﵱԼйôأ
꣬С㣬ǿǹŵۼˣǵǻɱ֮ġ
ȥǶм˻عͷ˼ۣһ¶һ˿ЦӿڳܺԼ͡
£ǲûͣɱȥ
ģ˲𰡣ҲҲǵ壬һҶСʿƨҷš˲ޣȴҲֻЩԶȥСֹ
˵Ļ˲ˣ̲סҶ
Ҷ֣ЩУһлŵ˷ǳ򾲣·ʲôҲûзһĹͷǱѰ
Ӳ˴뱲ӵϵͷߣ߹հ˹գȻƿ˸ʥغ͵ķһͨ˽
ͣͣйƬ߹ĸ̲ӽ˴ԭʼſΧ
νԭʼſԵѾǧ˴˵е
ֻǰȻҪˣһҪסԼ嶯Ҫ˵˵˵ġ֣ظ
˵أʲôûУس죬·Ѫ͸һԹųˣݼ⡣ɳأżʯɽҲѪĹ
Ǹʺĵط˵ˣӰӶûУ˸̾
˵ŭ
ʲôҲûУ˵ʲôѵйǲɣһ˺ܲΪСĵĹͷˡ
ʯҪٸˣҲұһ˺ֱóٽƷʯϣһȻӡ
ʲô˼
ɫ䣬뵽ԭʼſЩֲ˵Ҳˡ
ҵ˼ѾˣвҪĺȺ֮ѾˣԼȥ̽հɣӲûһתء
ˣλ쵽صˣ˵ɡԱȰ
ΪǺãƬ˵ǻ˵ġ
ô𣿡Աߵ˶ôš
һǰΪһ˵˴ʮֻҺ˻
Ҷ֪˵ģΪֵطʲô޷͵ģаŵ鶼пܷȻҲᱻ֮Ϊˡ
ããأһƬտǧ죬һͷżɳԵøһҲûС
ӸղŵĻŵˡ
ǸԲţЦҶʿѵɣţֻҪԲʲôõ鷢
ɱ㣬ѴҶΣ֮Сӻɱǣֱӽʯϡ
ˣҶҪ˵ˣǰɡȰ⡣
ˣҴˣҲ˵˻𣿡Ǹ˼ӶɱҲЩë
ס˭Ҳ׼˵
ض˵ٸ˵Ļҵһ㡣
Ҳ̫Ե˰ɣǹ㵱򵼵ģѵġҲЩײ
ˣ˵ɣ
˹Բڱ򣬶ԭʼſаŵĽ˽һ˶࣬Ȼ֪˵
صһߣԶǸˣЫһ
ҶӡҰˡ磬½ϼһߣǧܳˡҶ˴
ѣҶȻ֪ӵԶ˵ˡ
׷Ѱһʦټģɲģǿһᵹù
ʱлŵҲĸߣԾԾԶӶܵˡ




1511 ֶ
ԭʼſһƬţżȻЩ΢紵һЩɳ
ǰ˰Ҷһ½һЩߴʯÿһִޱȣҲ֪ȥˣȻڴϡ
һʦȥ
Ҷа˼⣬ԭʼſʵ̫ˣûȷеĿ꣬ҪƬѰҵʦټڴ롣
˵ʵȻҲΪΣأȴΪ˵˵ͻĪֶӽͷˡ
仰û˵Сʻ괬ȻӶôɻ䣬϶ûеġ
ЩʲôżǽĻҲ̫޴˰ɣĪǾ˵סɣʯҰǳ𾪣ָЩʯ̾
ҿЩʯϻһЩĺۼ·Ǳʲôնһһ󾪺кһȥ
䣡
˻ûӦӱϳ֣һȭ˺ȥҵȭâݺݴϣһӽɳȥ
ȿȡ
˻ûȳѪŭվеƾʲôңû˵ʲôѵҲɻ䣿
Ҫ֪˵طԭʼſĻ˼飡
ŭǰۼʮʿƬżǰڷҲţǴҡ
ʮʿڷô£
Ҷ̲סʵãЩ˵صģΪֻ߲ͣȻҲڷˣ˵һأ
Ҳ֪ʱԶҲֻԶԶĿЩ˵Ѫϣ˲ɣ廯˷ɻҡƺ¡
ҶתѰ۲츽ĵεòȻȴûзκοɵĵطҲ˵Σղؼ
˼ǰУӿܿˣղûɱҲûмٶ֣ǽʯֻ˵һ仰㲻ǶеһԱ벻Ҫǡ
ǰھνԭʼſԵĵطͣѾǽˣΧвٵķʯݲ
ˣҽòҪˣϸ߿գתͨϸ۲һǾߡӽ
ǻ߰ʮȻڰȫΧڣΪʲôǰˣ
ү߼ʮɣʲôҲ
⡭ðɡ
ӳƬ̣ͲסҵĥӲݣջǴӦˡ
ٴǰʮٽԭʼſԵ˵ʲôҲˡ
ҾʮҲû⣬һԭʼſԵѰʯϣ˵ãҲ˵׼
ǱӴ˵˾һ·Ѿȫԭˣ˿̣ôǿҹƻԴ˵λѾѵǲȥʯϣһгĻ׬ˡ
˵ʲôһŭ𣬡ѴҶ𣿡
ֻʵʵ˵ѣүҲ̫ͷˡǸ˵
㡭
Ӷû˵תߣɲǼԶˡ
ʱ˶ͻȻһصķɳ죬Զ
ã
Ҷɫһ䣬̴ú˺ʯҰ˾˿Լȥ
ղ˵ڿжԭʼſ϶ֿӡ
ɫصǰɫɳգһ㵭ѪԶֶ
Ѫ磿
ɫұ䣬ϵƺһˡ
ԶգƬĳɫӰɿӽУѹ˷ɫɳȾѪһ㣬Եø졣
ء
Ѫɫɳգ۵ǰһƬѪ죬·Ѫһ㣬ѪɫһС

һҽдӶǸǱɱˡ

һ˱Ѫɫ飬ֻüһҽС
̶̼ӣ߰ڷֻнӵҶ˺ӹһ١
ܣ
Ӵ˿ӵòӻ죬Ҷһץס˺ʯҰ˵ק˾ҶĴ£׷ȥ
ߵǸûѪɫ磬ȴǽԭʼſķ򣬴˿ʲôҲˣҪܶһһڽô죬Ǿֻˡ
˿̣Ҷкڲ֪ԭʼſôаͲ׷Ѱʲôһʦ㼣ˡ
˵ʲôˣƬڣԲܷ룬һϸ߿ձɡ
ӵٶ൱죬Ҷˣƴʩչ׷ǲǿϣ˾ȻҲûеӣǸлŵˣƺ
һΪҲϣҶжϡ
ѪɫٶȳǵԤƣܿ׷˸ˣһȺŵɫס
ڣҪҶҲ˲ʲô¶ˣֱӼ˵۱˺Լȫ˽ȥ
顭
Ѫɫ·콣նھϣľ졣
漴ڷҫ۵ĹâЩѪɫȫ赲ڹâ֮⣬κβ˾ڷֺ
ڱϾǵ۱Ȼ𣬻ûȫ޸ȴҲо۵ܣ¼䣬ͬȼĵ۱֮⣬ûʲôܶԵ۱κ𻵡

Ҷ洫죬ҲԼ鱦Ѫɫ磬ֻЧ;ڱͲԶˡ
Ҷӣô죿УһƬɷ׵Ҷʵ
ڣҲֻһһˣǷģһǰȫĴȥġҶЦ
ⲻäĿţоڣҶţֻҪаŵĹſУԱûġ

㱼䣬Ҷ·һҽаĳ󱻴˽
ֻѪɫô
Ҷоɲȴҷճȥ鿴ֻܶھ棬
Լ䣬Ҷ·˴صĺԼ޴죬ƺҡ
Ѫɫʲôδ֪û
ҶػƬһЩΪ֪ڡ
ԭʼſԹкܶഫ˵ľǣпȴ۵Ĵڣô˶˲Ԫˡ˾˵һš
ĴŲţ˵жһȴ۵ĴءƲ졣
ҶҲִ˵ôףôܻضӣԳɽأ
ʲô֮
ϸûд۴ˣһλۣҲʧˣԽвʲôȴ۵Ĵڡ
еĻÿһһĺƽ٣ۼսһ˻һǾ֮͡
Ҳ֪˶ãķֹסˣؼƽرˡ
Ҷ˴Ӿ߳ڣñ˼Ȼ鷳
ĿΧĻѾˣǱ˲֪ټϱѪɫ˭Ҳ˵á
Χʯ£ɳأ⣬ֻ˽һţȫѪⶼû£




1512 ɷ
ĿԶҰһƬտǳžһƬĴƽԭǵ׺һЩʯ顣
ʲôطҶ߹ʵ
֪
ɫأ˵ĿǰǺпѾԭʼſˡ
ʲô
ܰɣ
˺˾ɫʱɷףΪŴ󺷷˵ǿ֪ԭʼſжôĿֲǵүүҲ롣
ΨʯҰһƽϲԭʼſĿֲ˽ⲻ࣬ν֪ηҲû˵ʲô
İɣûħС
Ӷһ߶˼˵ԭʼſڵĽԲмҲ˵ǧģǶڽС

ܿ죬Եһϵɳѯʡ
Ҷ֣ǻţԣûʲôˣѪصĺܺãҶۻǿصʵ
ôʣµҲתɫҰףȫ޾ľ⡣
ʥֻܹڳҪˣѹˣ
ڣ
Զĵƽߣ˵ԭʼſȻȥ޻ء˵ƬܴûнĵҲ
Ҷٴ·ƾŸо϶һλǰȥ
ȻվԭʼſǰȻҷУʵʵĿߡ
ԭʼſźܶĴ˵֮һǷ񲻶ɣǽƬѾһʱˣȴûмзϿվ
˵ԭʼſϿĳǿĽƣκʿԾգȻ³
Ȼֻһ˵˭ҲԶùͷȥһ˵ĻǼٵġ
ǰʮһɺԵĺӴبǰȥ
ҶüֵطӦóĵòŶԣһƬĸϾȻһɺԵĺӴǺˮǴģ
˵ˣݲкӵĻҲӦһЩֲɣʲôҲûУֻһɺԵĺӴԵøͻأ
ϸ۲󣬶ʱðû뵽ƬоȻļĵΣѰмصȫһ
Ҫ
һʿ̽ɺԵĺӴȥֹȴѾˡ

˲ҽһ·ȼһ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽ
ô
˴ʧɫ׷׵ˣѪɫȫޡǸ˽Ƕ˼һӳΪ˻ҽĿãͷƤ顣
ô£
Ҳɫ䣬ǰӦΣգȴû뵽˿ֱֲһء
ҶļһֱкڣƬֲ̫ˣȫ
Ѱмصļ־֮һǰʮɷغͣбо䣬ȴҲľ֮һҪߣ򲻵ѣܿȻĻ
ԭʼſ󣬵һط
Ҷƽӿ캧ˣͼȵòĺſΧɽΡ
ͬʱҲԵһʦ˼㣬ľƽѰҪߵʲô̶Ȳ
ɷΣɱ񣬷ɱƹȥҪӽ⴦ɺԵĺӴҶ֣ѵ
Ҳоһأ½ȥǿʿӵͷ࣬ʾͬ⡣
һͬ⣬ƹ޺ĸɺԺӴεľͷƹȥ
˼ƹȥһ˲䣬ʯҰһʯ˸ɺԵĺӴϣɲǼ䣬һâӺӴֱȡʯҰüġ
Сģ
Ҷһ𣬽һΣʩչ׷ǲӲʯҰǰؿڹâһԶŶƲƬɵĻļ׵üġ
ͬʱҶɸżеõһŶܲƬҲǰ˫رա
ǹ˼ŻڳĻֱӶõ۱ˣػлŵ˺пǹżҵĵӡ
ϣ
һľ촫ҶԼ·ʥǿߺݺһײʯҰϣͬʱյɳȥˤ˹غ«
ҷ
֡
˺˾һУæɱȥ˷ֱ
˿ҶҷһԼڵϵʦüҲʡȥ鷳
Ҷҷֵܣлл㣬ζˣǽˡ
ʯҰһ˵©ˣҿ˻飬ϺݺһѣŷӦ
ûʲôֵܣ˵л־ͼˡ
ҶȳһѪڴ֮һ˲临ԭˡ
̶һ˲ĹɺԵĺӴһɫ
ã
ɫ䣬ľ
ˣ뿪
Ҷоĺëź˿Զȥ
ǰ֮ټɺԵĺӴоȻйĻͻأ֣˶ˣԶݣΨֱ׷ϣڴˡ
Զݳȥף˻ͷԽԽľ֮ǻֵķΧѾ˺Ӵ׿⣬ƺмӵơ
⾿ô£
һɫףʵȫ֮ǰ龰ˡ
һâʵ̫ˣҶŶܲƬסɱıҲᱻâ롣
ɷɱ񣬷ȻγɵһɱǴһҲһ٣ػڴˡҶ͵
˵ҶͻȻоĪգ˵ֱԶȥ
ʯҰͺǶõҶѣͬʱԶӶݣҲһ̵ĸҶĽŲӴܡ
Ҳæ׷ȻҴʵǿǸһԶһ˺ѷεĲҽС
˻ͷۿۿɶȥһصֱ˻ķΧ֮ڡ
Ŀڻпڣ·ǱһĿһȥ
ŵðȴҷУȷɱ׷ϿҪʧڵƽϵҶҶͺ˵ˡ
ֱԶʮҶ˲ͣ˺˾ʯҰɫɷף͸ؽ󣬲۵ģȫǱŵġ
ǰˣ½½ĸϵҲһëΨӻȽ򾲡
ģط̫аˣѡҾطǸٶʯҲᶯġһʿſǻ˵
ҲͬУȫɫɷףһڲӡ
⴦Ҳ̫ͬѰˣſôԶأղҪçײǰУǶһ˵Ҳû뵽ԭʼſȻа졣
ɵɷ󣬲Ҫ˵ǣʥǿҲûãֻҪ룬ɣ
һص˵


1513 
ɫҶһߵĺȻʵҲҿߣȫ۹ķϸ۲òΨء
Ϊɷɵľؾֻһ϶ĵط˲ò
˵үȷͨôоſ󡣡һʿսս˵
˿̣Ϧʧû£һƬһĳɫеѱ涫
ҲüԽԽûзУ߽һƬҰģЩ졣
ɫɰʯأ̤棬ͻɳɳ죬ľտҹɫ£ȥԶ
ӺҶʧ˷УǴһԹ׻
ˣ
һʿֹס˽Ųдĵܾ÷Щԡ
Ҳָо񲢲ǳȥ·
һҲͣ¶⣬ҪǴԭʼſĻǿɾǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
˶гأʧ˷Ҳ·˰
ӳĬһ̾һҲУһطʱ̫ãҵĻᷢһЩõ顭
ǰˣȻĻ˵Ļһ̤ſУʱͺڶˡ
ԭϢɣճҲ١
ͣףط˲
˹۵ͬԭϢģҲҪߵģһʱ۲ݡ
ҷֵܣô
Ҷʵ˭ҲţֻҶ
Һúÿĥһ¡
Ҷǣλֵܴ⴦أܴȥĻܳκ⡣
һʱ䣬˶컳źӡ
Ҳ֪Ҷɷĵζǰ֣ȻѰʦһĴˡ
ֵطΪʵʹΨѰãѰеһЩ˵Ŀܡ
˿̣ҶϵŵĲǺ˺ʯҰ˾˵˵ݲðʧ
ģ£һƬһڲϣأΨǷװһ޴ĺ
ѰмصľǾĻȻѨ
˵еʵиɼǵ磬ֻǴ˵еĴڣɲУ˲ɼ
ѰصģɽΪѰǵǴ˵е
ѨҲǵεòеһ֣޾ɱо䣬ȴ޷õиս
ܴﵽ۵ս֮ﲻȥ
κҲӲ۵ֶΣ׽ҿ
ҶԽԽľĺǾѰмأֵΣҪǡ
ʲôǣ
Ҷϸ˼ǽʾ֭Ҳûͨνʲô˼
ʱͻȻʶ˵̩ǣӯＫطе˼
ţ
һˣҶȻͨûһ˼
漴ɻһַǳ󣬴֮ѵ㣬ֱ߲ǶԵ
˵ʵĲԸԣڲȥԵĻ˿϶ᱻЩ֣ջΪŧѪ
ȨףգҶǾһ£ֱѨǰضܹһ·Ҳδ֪
ȻˣҶͲٵ飬ֱӶָڵϿ̻̿ܺͼ˰죬˵һҪðգʮ˵ǲһ
⻹𣿵ȻǲһˣֻҪһ;˷׷˵
Ǻãȸ˵һ⴦оһѨоЩ֮ȴҪѨȥѰһ
ҶԼ۲ƵõĽ˵һߣ˺˱ʾ֧֮⣬ź˶ЩԥһĿ⿴ӡ
ϾӲ򵼣УҲֻܽ˴أûа취ĻǿҲֻѡҶˡ
֮ضҲû취İ취ͰС˵ģѨǰɡ
Ӵ˿ҲûףҶѰܹΪһһ·Ҳδ֪ײˣҶһ죬ꡣ
ӶͬҶķ˶ʱҲû˵ˣֻò鲻Ըĸ
˵ҷֵܣҵɶһ֮أҪΪǵİȫаһĥĥҶ߶
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪˲ԼҪĥߴָʹָʹǸ˱Ȼǻɡ
ݺͼ㣬۲츽ĵεòҶѾһŵ·ߣֻһҲ̤ڵ˶ٲ
ҽӡǰ˿Ը
ҶĲ߹հ˹յĴһƬƽԭǰÿһ£ΧᱻƿմȾ˷ֺ
ڣ˺ͻŲǳ׷ˣĵĸһҲ̤
˺ʯҰ˾ǸҶ󣬲Ľӡǰ
أأ
Χ֪ʲôʱˣޣǺߴתƺʱпܽ˾֮С
ҶЩӶ·ûнЩܹ۷ʿ˿Ŀһ
˵Ҳ֣ЩҲûжκ˺ȻХҶߵĵطȴһ˿ҲûУ·һһ
Ҳ֪˶ãߵĿʧˣʲôҲûΨ·ɳɳ˷
Ȼ
˶۾񣬲иǶҶûп֮ǰһҲи
ʱʿ˵ͲʲôǶͨˣҲǳԶٷĹ
ҶһˣʱֱȰͻҪ
~~
Ҷȫ֮Щ˷·һ㣬ֱӵ˵ϣڴڵĴŴ
ǺˣСƽʱ̿࣬ʵ˲һأ˿ȻѾֲסˡ
ҶȻҲƣǿһ֮ٻָ
ϵƣɾϵƣȴڶʱڻָҶҲֻܰʱǰȫģõΣա
ǣҶ̴Ϣָٶֹ
ҶĻЩ˸Ͻϥ£˹ָĵ
ΨӺͻԾɾȣûаƣ۵ļ
Ѩ
ſǰһԨҶɵ
ûȷѨ
ûҶڣӱ˵⸽ĵƷǳرȻԣԾܹԶʱڣﶨһ֮ڡ
һӺ󣬺˵ҲָǰԨһĿ࣬ôҲû뵽νѨȻһӴԨ




1514 Ԩײ
˴Ԩ˵Ŀ࣬īʲôʵЩë
ȻƷʯϢϵĴԨ·û˲Ķ
ǿƷʯʥغϴ֮Ҳûж٣ν쳣ʿ
˼ʶ㣬ҲˣһŴͣ㶡
һƴԨ޵׶һ㣬ƺ˵˳ٽȥ
ôüطа˴˸
Ҳĸо·ԨĳֺڿһʯҰӵҰް˿ҲеΣա
ԨĿտž·ڤм¶
ˡѨҪֲ̫ˣӦ¼ǿĵ֮һҶ۲ãԽԽľ
˾ͺ˵ľһ񾭴ʯҰҲе㷢ëС⵽һʲôĹطǻ߳ȥ𣿡
ܣҪһ
ҶҲһɺ⣬û뵽˵ؾ˵£һֱΪֵòʵгֻ֣ڲʹ˵Уû뵽Ȼˡ
ĵΣһ㶼ǾһʮҪܵܲڴ˵ػһ·
ϸ˵ѾԭʼſԶˣĺͺµĵط
вܻܿᱻٻԭʼſʱǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
ΪԼΪѵҪΪ׼ѡǵڣҲûˣеϣһϡ
վԨԵҶ̽ͷ¿ȥֻ޾ڰԨ£糱ӿżҫָСƷʯӨ͸˸˸ԡ
˵Ҳ̫ˣƷʯˣ϶ֹһ飬һصذ
ûղųǿƷʯ˼ʮǲŽأЦ˵
ʮ
˲ҧԼͷʲôȻոճĲָֻͷСǱʮĻҲͷСɣ
ȻѾԺʯмܽ˷ȥƷʯѧԺģûаëǮĹϵǰЩһ֣ǿԼġ
һʱ䣬ڳˣҶ֮⣬۾ȫð̹⣬̰Ĺâ
С磬ɿˣǾѨʵ
ţ
ҶͷּȷǾѨǲ˼飬¼侹ĵƣ
ţҶռһνľѨ֪ʶЩѰеļأ˵ʦһ֮⣬û֪ǾԵء
Ѩǿĵ֮һѰмأȴƽֲ֮ļ֮һ
νľѨֹһǾյʦƲ⣬޾ǰпĳѨ
ؽ̩һаѨ
ˣʦ޷ƽĵƣóȻ군ˣһʿĴ
ұ죬ھͰȥһɣһɷ֮ʱʿסˡ
ϼһǸ⣬޽ɣֵطпֱܱȥ
ȻԨкܶƷʯһصأҲܻģɷѾ˵˿治׳ˡ
С磬˵ô죿
ʿס֮תҶʵ
֮ض
Ҷ˫ĹâյʦļأĵòҪǲܵģĿռѾ˱仯Ǹߣն߻صԨԣΨһ·µԨ֮£Ԩ֮Ѱ·
ʲôЦ֪ʲôΣգҲȥ˭˭¡ʿʱͱһľ֡
²£ûǿ㡣
˾ЦһҶ˵ֵܣ˵ɣǽôֵܽ콻
Ԩǲп߳ȥ˵꣬ҶһԨ·ȥ
ţʯҰͺˡ˾ҲźҲ˲׹ȥǰֻܿһƷʯ˸˸Ź⣬ϵǳ
ʿԥջǸȻΣգһ˵Σգòһ
ӿȣǺһʱܵ˺ܴҶҲһȥٶȺһһ½
һססס
Щľˣףûеײ޾ͷͨڤ
ڼ䣬ҶòͣѰݣȻߴһͽ١
ܳʱһʾûΣգȻԼС
ססס
һֱеףڸӦԨ֮ף滹ҡ
ģӣȻô
˾ûмһԨôġ
Сһ㡣
ҶѣԨײѨǺԶˣ˵Σա
ӽԨײļ£һʿʵ̶Ѩ
Ļ˵һͬȻû˵ʲôҲ̶֪ѨˣвЩûһܻųȥģȫý
ڣǽڵϣһֹϢǻص̫ʱ
Ԩ֮ףǶôڰвٵƷʯ˸âÿһ鶼ܴɫҲͬ
Ԩʵ̫ˣȫЩȥһƬտǵصףһƬս
Ʒʯ·ˣ
ղʿð̹⣬һƷʯȥǿƷʯĥ̴СɢŴ̵ıɫһ㡣
ҶԹۣȲֹҲûгѣĶлŵҲȥЩƷʯ
˽ȴʶķʽ˲ҪЩƷʯ£ʵȴγһɱÿһƷʯӦϵһǳǳ֮͵ͬγһصɱ֡
СӹյģҪ⴦ƿɱ˰˾ͬ괫Ц
ҲҪɱˣҵĿֻһǸлŵˣ㲻ǹŵۼ𣿡Ҷ˵
㲻˵Ļһûоôһ˵ҵ濴ʲôһصļûгȫЩѪʱҲ֪Щʲôû׼пǹŵۼ˵ĵӣ˾һҶ
ûҸҿ϶Ȼǹŵۼĵӣֻǲ֪ʲô⣬ǵҪԭʼſ󿴿ĿģôûҶ˵

ʱ̰ʿѾܵһƷʯǰ׼սԼĿռеʱһ̹ʿҽһ˲
ô
һĻ𾪣лŵ˶һղҲ߼ƷʯţҿжһЩ˿³²ʿö١




1515 ɱ
ԨײһƬڣһЩƷʯܹһЩط֮⣬ʲôҲ
Ȼ
ЩƷʯȴһҲãƺĳɱֻҪĹ
С磬ô£ɫҶʵ
ɱ󣡡
Ҷޱ˵ЩƷʯȻɢģΪõģ֮ɱһɱ١
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôֹ
һ侲ȵĻŴ˿Ҷ
ЩղԼж΢һЩ˿ԼҲˣΰɱ󣬳׼ۼǿߣһʥҲɣο
ҪȻҲǸողſ
Ҷ˵ʲôطѨʲôĵطɱ֮ǰ˭뵽

Ҷһ˵ûƿԣֻ㬵ĵҶһۣĬĬվһȥˡ
ţ
ҶỳţѰϸ۲죬Ȼ֣ɱȻԵʦֶβģжʱһ
֮Իԭʼſ⴦̽գҪľѰҵһʦȥԭѾˣû뵽ﾹȻ
ʣܹľвɱģ˴֮⣬ֻеʦһʦĿռ˰˳ϡ
뵽Ҷæתܿɱзһȫͨ
ǵһʦµһΨȫͨͨƬɱ󣬵ִһ̨Ӷգ߳Ƭ
ǣＫطԭ
Ҷ֣ص˵ңһɱ󣬰ղͬʱ䣬·ʱᷢı䣬Ǳ뾡ͨػ⴦ɱ֮У⣬κϽһУɱۣ
ৣ
˵꣬Ҷһ¹âһһϸ˿·ǰȥ
һ̣˶֪Ҷ߳ƬΨһϣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôӶĬˡ
кüƷʯ˵Ǽٵģڣȡ
ҶĸǰҲֻǿѹԼ̰ʯãԼСҪȨףǻʵʵĸҶ
ݳ·ҶĴ£оյͨ⴦ɱ󣬸ո߳ɱ󣬾Ϳǻˮ⴦ԨкεΪ澰
ǡ
һ飬Ȼǰĵϳ˲ٵκǣеľӨеīûЩͷϵĽ
Щມǣǰʵٴﵽ߼ϣȾʥ
Ӽһ߹ģĺǣһûһ˽⣬Ϊɱ֣Ĺκ˶Ϥ
ҶҲˣЩǱ׼ມǣֻǰʵǿĺǲŻγӣ²ɣԾûб绯
ôມǣʥǿ߰˸̾
׼Ҳûм£ʥǿ߾ǿսˣﾹȻôʥǿߣҲ̫˷˼ˡ
ҶҲЩɻѾɹɱΪʲôôѵǵһʦɵģ
ȻҶ˽һʦһʲôôҲΪһɱĹ֣ԭҲ˵
⣬ʦǿһʦͬʱɱôʥǿߣֶμֱˣ׼۾Ųǿ߰
໡
𾪵ʱһţһͷɾǰ˵ֱһβɨ

Ϣ
˴󾪣
󣬷׷׸չͨͷɾ
һаɳÿһƬƬ޴ޱȣ·ˮһ㣬У·ǣ޴ѹ˲òʱóǿս
򣡡
ӵһ֣еĺ̸˺ݺβȥ
ͨĺ̸Ȼǣ𹿰һݺβϣʱβϵƬҵƬȴûѪɽ
˵ҲһâʯҰʯ˾˫һݺк֮ϡ
䣡
ͬʱҶҲһȭҳҵȭâ죬һӽҳһ͸Ĵ󶴡
Ŵ˿ƺҲƴˣ˫һչһɿֲϢɢؼԪҲһ˫֣ݺݵץסβɱȥ
ŵսƤֱʹõҲδš
䣡
һ죬ɾݺݵɱ֮УâһȻһҲûУûɱĽɱ
ô£
˶ˣ˵ôһɾ׹䵽ɱУתۼͻᱻɱɱͷʣ¡
ڣɾȻˣɱеЩƷʯûб飬·һֽǱһ
龰ҶԺһеˣӦػɱģ֮ͬԴɱŻᱣط
ţ
˵ҶͻȻ֣ǻžȻŹʻԪ˫ץβҹ
ҷ
Сģ
˺ʯҰ˾˼ͬʱˣҪǮʩչչͨɾͷȥ
ʲô
Ҷһºݺһţڵһ㵯һȭ߱ǹһǰһеǹںȭд˳ȥ
䣡
ҵȭâͷϴһ󶴣ҶǹһӴг
شɾǲ֮ҲһϢˣҶͣһȭͷٴһֲĴڡ
Ҷ·𷢷һһȭһȭĺͷɾϺɸӣ͸Ĺᴩˡ
Ȼ
ͷ·һȻû˿Ѫ˿ڴǵĹâ
໡
һӺɾһ΢Хűȫ·Ǳ˵̥һ㣬֮黯ʧ
⡭
˶ˡ
˫ʻľҲʧˣ˿̷·ûһΧ˹ԸղŲ㽫Ҷֲֻᡣ
ͷɾ黯ʱҶͻȻһжǵİâһͷ˽ȥ
˶ŵһ˵ܰ㣬ζʮΣÿһζ۴СݣڰС
ž
ҶԥֱӽǸһµӣûżɱ˵Ķˡ
ΪҶ
Դȼӿȵܸʣÿһʿ˵ջ
֣ôͲصνзݣЩôҲƽֲУһ˶ƺ̫ðɣƤЦⲻЦҪһ
ղſ㽫ҹģʱұ˻ô죿Ҷʵ
ģҷʵǿ󣬽ͷɱ˵ĻǶղŲ㺦ҷȴҪӵ˵һվָŻŵıӴ
ҪˣҷСɱ˾õҲӦõģͲҪڧˣ߲⴦أǴҶ
ӳԲ




1516 صĹŹ
򣬿ຮ֮أʢʯ࣬ԶûĴࡣ
࣬شϲԺΧҲÿԺ֮á
ڱܹѰҵһܲˣҪ˵ܹˣ
ԺΧҲûܵһɼ֮
Ϊʿ̥ǣӿȣǿʵͬʱҲٵҩꡣ
δܵһΣޱϡ󣬵ȴ֣ԪɺԵϹŶУ޼䡣
һܹͲˣԪģʮҲܹһΡ
ҶһαõʮΣҾһܲñ֮ģ
ں˵в£ӵĵ£û˵ʲô
ʿȻҲۺҶõ֪֮ղûôҪ뿪ҪҶòԼ̰ѹ
ɱ˾ҶһŵͨǰУѨ˿̣ǾѨѾԶˡ
ʲô
ǰйϵĽưܲӡ
ǿǰȥھѨ⣬Ȼ˽˵ϡ
һ̳òǼ֮أ
̮ˣķ޾ˡ
ûǰѾһϵļ̨ƲڶˣԿµĺۼʯͷ츯ˡ
ԣⲻǼ̨Ǵ̨Ժգ͵֮Ĵ̨
ǰҶϸ۲죬ʯ̨ϵһЩ·Щ·ʺʹ̨ϵ·һ޶ָˣͨԭʼſ⡣
޸𣿡
ƽʵڸղŷĲ죬ȫһ˿ָֻ֮ǰʲôںĵĮС
ܣҪһЩҶ˫âǰȥ
ʲô
ʵеҪ뿪֮Уһжˡ
Ҷûлش𣬶ڴ̨ΧתһȦϸ۲졣
ͣפ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҷ˲뿪ǰѨȥ
罭ӣڲϢһ
ǰһֲţоŸ󶴣⻪˸Ǵġ
ľѨžŸ󶴱ĵƣ½Ҳֻһ
Ҷ۵ƣڵϲϻ̣Ѱݣյǰȥ
оŸڲͨǲ󣬱ϴëţ̩
ƷʯϢǰкܶƷʯƷеļƷ
д󶯣ǰȥ
Ÿͨǰһ޴ĳѨԶԶâ䣬о䡣
ǰ˲ƷʯϢŨˣмƺһЩܰ㣬֪ʲô䡣
ʲô
ǰƷʯϢ֮УһӴļ̨֮ǰǸ̨Ҫܶܶࡣ
޴ļ̨ϣبžӴǣÿһɿ⣬ڹ˸·ڰɽɵһɢļµϢ
žǽצȴǾӨ͸Ϲ⣬ͨʺɫڹ˸˸˸ŵصĹ⻪
ǳԾǣžǵϾȻڴֵĺɫһһϳľ޴餡
Ծ餣ʲôͷ
һʱ䣬˶ˣ
𾪹Ƿ·ԭʼſأһ̨ȥ
žǺ͹ɢ𻯷𾪣ѵһɲɣ
Ҫ֪ɣڴ˵еĴڣܶ˶˵ɣ˭Ҳûмɾʲôû֪
۶׷Ѱɵټȴźûܳɣ鳾
еɵĻǾ͸˵ͨˣģ˵ɻ
ǡϢ
ҶϸӦ𾪣æʶ֪ͨ˲ҪǼ̨͹餣ⱻˡ
ıĻǿӴˣǧգòǻˣǿɾʲôˡ
Ȼ
һֱźӵ˵⴦ϵļ̨Ҳûзʲô飬Ҷǲ졣
ǾǻϢΪʲô˶ûбѵԼĲ²Ǵģ
ô˵ѾŪ׵ĻҶȻϸģǣҲ˹ϼ̨
վ֮ǰҶ˲ŷԼǶôСȻǣѾûƤ⣬ɳȻǳ޴վǰ٪վھǰһ
ϼ̨֮ҶоŨˣԡУ˷·Ҫ𻯷һ㣬ȴûлĸо
˭Ĺ餣׵ǲС
ŷ·˸һ˶⣬ƺе˷ǳ
Ҷ²⣬ܾǵһʦĹ餣ȻԼõѰȴǵʦһĴˣҲû̫⡣
ǵһʦµĴУȻѰⲿ飬Ҳ˲һʦ϶оһЩĶǲҪġ
֪оǺηʥ򿪿֪ˣ
ֱӣƷóѰ餵ķ϶ͼ˿
Ȼֱ۵첱Ӵ֣Ҳûκ餷ֺ餷·һһ㣬˲
ŵ̫ʱڵһʥ߻Ҳδ֪ǻǲҪİϢ˰ɣΨһҴʿһɵ˵
뱦ɽջأ˵ʲôҲô򿪿Žгһֿȡ
˵餵˾ʲôݣ˾Ź˵
Ҳһ̫ʱڵľʥΪһҴʿ˵
ԣʥҲûɣÿһʥдݵˣܽԼĵطǵʥҲͬ⡣
ҡͷ˵Ҿһ׼ۼǿߣǴ۶пܣһ˸þžףͣӼ̨յ㡣
ҷֵܣ˵أʯҰҶʵ
Դϴβ˵©֮ͺ˵ˣһֱԼɸưֻͣҪûȿڣ׹᳹˳Ĭǽĸֵ˼
ڻȷҪҵ֤ݲźƲ⡣
Ҷһ˵һΧŹϸ鿴ڹв޵ͼҲɽȵòȫ׾ʲô˼
ҹһֶûУЩֵķţЩű˵ҶʶӶüʲô˼
һӺҶΧŹתһȦַɵ鿴һ¹餵ĸϣȻûκη֡
׼ʱͻȻƷʯҫ£ڹ餵ǰһЩѰϵַǳƵķš
ţ
ЩţҶʱһ




1517 ף
ƷʯĹâҫҶϸĽЩһķżڿڵϣϸо
ҶȻڹϷ֣˶ȤΧڵϵЩţ
һֲ֣ŲŵĶȻЩƣȴ߶
ð죬˲̫Ѩ˵벻ʲô⣿
ķҲˣΪʵڲ⾿ʲôô붼ԣ˼᲻ϡ
ҶҲнżѵ룬ȣһԵƣǾõѰⲿһŵĲο
ڵϣֵıǨǧȫһˣ꣬ʮ꣬ʮֵ꣬ıǨ϶Ҳйɿѭġ
ҶԳǿϸֵıǨʷټԼѰĶգһʱӲ˳
ȷһֻ֣ǵһʦ̫ңԶˣ½ֱǨݻٶȺҲ˺ܴĲͬ
ⱾѰӦòǵһʦģֱǨϾͲôƫˡ
Щϵļأе˵ȷǵһʦȴѰĴʼˡ
ڵһʦ֮ǰѰѾˣֻǸʱûг飬һطС
һʦѰ֮ͨԼоʵȫ˺ܶԭûеĶ
ϣһ־ɱԭʼſɱ
Ȼ
һսУҲܵ˺֪ӣΪ˱ٻԼʬ壬ѡ
һʦѰҵ˾ѨһĵطԾѰѾεĵѱΪԼס
Ļ棬ޣʵƣҪѰܼڹڣѰţǵʦһ˲ܵõС
ѰеŽεصܣһܹʩչ׼۾ǿߣһ̡
һʦôǿ󣿡
õЩ֮Ҷȫˣ
֪ʦһǿܹõսʯڵԪսû뵽ȻǿֵزֱǷ˼
Ǻεˣ
ǾϵĶսû֤֮ǰ׼۾ǿߣԴҲֻи׳Ƴķݡ
Ȼ
ʦ޵ʱȻܹʹۣ⼸൱ɵˣܲ𾪣
ʲô㾹ȻЩֲ֣ŲǷŵĹˣ˵Щʲô
֪ҶȻЩͷҲûʲô˼Ķˣ˶ˡ
֣Цˣһŵӣ˵
Ȼ͹ַǳƣ˼ȫһ޷룬Ҷƾʲôܹ룿
ǲܵģ
ҶûţǾֱǰ˫ֻһصĹâϴû뵽֮ϡ
ĶϵЩͼ̽ϵĿͼ·ˮһ㣬һɰĺϢ
ѰƪһҲѰǼѰĹؼԿ׵Ĵڡ
һ˵ڹϣЩͼ·һ餷۵Ĺâ
һ̣˭֪ҶЩ֣ͲܳǰһĻĪҪˣ
꣡
ڻźӵɻʱ򣬹餷һ죬ʱâʢһֽһ㣬̵۾
Ӧǿ֮󣬺ȻֹѾһ϶
˵Ƿ϶ʵѾȫܹһ˽ˣһҩӹ
ҩ
ҩ
ҵġ
ݵ֮˶ˣֱӴ֣ڿȥϣܹȵǣõҩ
Ҫ֪ҩ۶ģοǣ
ܵõһ겻ҩĻ㽫֤ɵҲԻڶ
˾޴ջ£Ӹȫ¶ˣǷһֱӳ֣ߵѪˣȴǰ￴ȥ
Ȼ
һ֮£ʱ;ˣпտҲûʲôҩֻһʵĻҲ澿ʲô
ʱҶŹֵڣһӹзɳ磬·ͻ˿ռƣֱûҶʶС
ৣ
Ҷֻǰһڣ漴ָ˿̣ʶѾһҳ飬ƯʶϿա
ҳϣԵĸֱǡѰšǵһʦѰˡ
ɳҲɢˣԾûзκʬĺۼ·Ļһ
ɼĻҲӦ»ϢŶԣУһʼЩҩϢ֮⣬޻Ϣ¡
Īǹеλûǵõ˲ҩɹ˵ڶ뿪ֻ¹餣
ܶ˶ڲ²⣬Σ˭Ҳ˵á
˿̣˵ĿⶼҶ߿
εðУҶõĺô࣬õ˼ʮõһҳ顣
ò£Ҳ뵽֣صķڹеҳп϶˲ļأ͹似Ҳ˵
˺˺ʯҰ˾˶ҶջԵĸ֮⣬źҴʿʿеĹ⡪ðжӣҶջеĽʺޡ
˵Ҳ߯˵ɣ
ǿһ·ܶ˶;Уֱڣǻһ񣬶ҶȴѾõͽ顣
ʣǽ϶ĳִУܹԼڽеĴڣĴǷף
Ȼ
ʮĽʺޣʱֲɱ˶ᱦ
һҶĸˣֻˣܹɹҲҪ޴Ĵۡ
ΪҪǣǻҪҶ߳ǾֻܱΪһѰ׹ǡ
˿̣˶ĬȻˣΨк˺ʯҰ˾Ҷʾףأд˻ԵԵĸˡ
ϲСֵܣЩУֻḻˡ߹Ҷ֡
Ҷѣ
Ҷɫƽ֣ӣнģģΪǳҲڶĳǻķˮˡ
ɵľòˣǳͨȴֳز¶Ļš
ǹżҵĵӰɣֽʲô
ڻ߹ףصʱҶżɽֱӵ˻ŵݣһûŴֲ
ô֪ҵʵݣ
ѿڶ˵֮ŷԼ˵©ˣѾˡ
һڳԼݣһ˶ˡ
Ȼװģ֮ǰҶѾ˵ԼĻɣǵҲ̫𾪡
ӺҴʿȫˣ
ӣ
ǿǴ۵Ķӣ
˭뵽һ·ͬеоȻдӣ
Ϣֱʯ쾪
Ҿǹŵӣոճ£Һܲ죬ô֪ҵݵģ
ۿݱ¶ԲΣȴɻؿҶͬʱо˸ƺȨʲô


1518 ŵ֮
ӣһǳԺնеݣ
ۣ֮ÿһλ˸񣬹ǧŴ󹦼ģǵӣѪҼ̳ǵĴС
ŵӳʾʱӼң֮ͬУ˭ܹʹӾ
ͬӵĳҲԤʾһĵ۶˳ɵȴݳ·һ¿
Ϊ֤ĻᣬΪɵ²ǹŵ۵ԳˣӡĵӿҲڶʱڳ
磬һҵĺڰһѪܶųֻܳȫһˡ
֪ӽҪһ£ۼһ£Ӷˣû뵽ԼĶоȻһӡ
ʵѲ£лţ֣йŵۼӡǣұȹżǿ˹Ҫǿǳǵ֮⣬ʵ벻㻹ʲôݡ
Ϊŵݶ𾪵ʱҶڻӦ
⣬ֽлţҲһһԭ򣬻ţŵۣ㲻ǹŵӵĻԲȡһ
Ҷ䣬űһ߹һ˵ʣʵû뵽ΪѾˣȻ㿴ô
ڣԸ˰ɣҶʵ
΢΢һЦҵֽйɣ˵ɣҸ׸ȡ֣ϣ֤ɡ
ҶɣȻıԼòȴ㣡
ָָˣȻոճԱ黹ǶһЩ˽ģǶԺĵӣ˵ĵط϶㣡
ûҾҶ
Ҷ̹ȻϣȻԷûжԼʲôԼҲûҪǳʵҪ𣿡
ҲҲ
ҡͷҲΪУ֣Ҳд۵ѪҸоõϣѣΪϣܹսʵ̫ˡ
ѣ
ҶЦˣǹżʲôˣҷǳҿɲҪһʱڱͱӵѣ

̾˿ˣǣңѾӡ޾£ܹȫһɺϣЩǷչʲôˣҲԣɷģҺȫһ
ðɣʱ㡣
Ҷ룬ô͹С
ܸҳ龿ʲô𣿡
̲סʵı᲻ҩϧûܳУôҳͳǣҡ
Ѱţ
Ҷ˵еǵһʦҳһЩɽòĶʲô
ԭܹõҳ飬Ҳеʦаɣô˶òƫƫõˣ
˵ңû´Ļ֮ǰܴҲǶ˵ʦֶΣ
ǵģҵȷǵõһѰѰϵҲܴƽ˹ϵƣ򿪹餡ҲԭѰŲŻᱻҵõҶδ
һһ·ζõʦֶΣҲû塣
ߣ̽һɵƷǷĿԲںԼ͹żҵĶԹΪѡ
ĳ˵ҶҲһΪˣΪӣѪ֮ǳǿֲӣˡ
˵治һĺãʦжõˣ
˵䣬ͻȻֱһҶȥԪһ޴ĹһӽҶķɳȥ
쵰
޳ܡ

˾ŭӣ˭Ҳû뵽˵úúõģɾȻ˵ͷһ׶ûУһ

ɿЦʲô޳ܣҲΪѣԣȰǻǲҪҶ֣Ҳɱǣ
˵꣬תҶ˵ҹżҵӣȫҲҪĵ۱ҪѰֻҪѰԼһԳȥͰĵɣ
ģ˵ͷΪɱ𣿡
ҶײʯϣײһΣǶ棬Ц˵
ʵ벻㻹ʲộ㲻ͨڶѣڣ㼸һ󾳽磬ʲôҶ
һѪǹŵӣΪĴѪأǴ˲֪ٴԺֶѣʵ͸ˣĸ棬Ҷ뵽㻹ʲôҶʸ񣿡
ʸô
Ҷ΢΢һʯһ½ǣʸ񣡡
ৣ
£Ҷһ֣һֱӻɴȥ
򣡡
ͬʱҶһ깲һֱڹɵϡ

̧ңңȥ
ɱɢ֣
ԹɣҶκдһɱУ
ߣ
ҲͬһƴֵҶͬʱŵ۵ʩչƥһȭ㽫ɵˣʹ֮±
Ȼ
ɱɢȴԽ֪һ޴ĺɫͻأͷγɣҶƺݺ
䣡
һ죬ֱӱҶһɱɢָ˵ϡ
Ȼǹŵ۵ӣڣʵֲѨУӵѰҶԽսԽһ󾳽սѹ
еҪǿĶ࣬޷ձضն㣡
ɫʧǱĴӵվޱȣû뵽ҶȻһС
һеʵֲ̫ˣһеʱ·ʥǿߣȫ֮ϣҲܡ
ǿȵĹȻĳ˵߶ģҶҲʩչһΣʩչڶˡ
Ȼ
ùû뵽ǣովҶ̧ˡ
䣡
Ҷƣһ޴ĺɫͻأĳڹͷһν˵¡
飡
飡
飡

󣬹һδδӵȻһδεıҶɱɢ֡֡ڵ£ͲĻᡣ
ڹĳΪǿ󣬶ЯǿķҲҪˡ
ȻûΣգƵѪ
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෴ʵҶ֣Ҷֱ練ƣ
Ȼʵȴݺݽѵһ٣ʲôܣеƷʯĵطҶսݽߵġ
ھѨ籡ĵطҶ֣Ű

ŭ𣬷ζըˣҶɱɢֵȷǴ˵еһʦµƱĻҶ˿̵ʵͱݻٵĲˡ
ʲô
ҶϾһɱɢֱ֣ӽٴڵϣ·ĲӬһ
ҶģҸû꣬ŭ£˻
ǻɣŵӣײ󣡡
˵䣬Ҷȫ֣ݺݵȥ㽫ı档
ţ
ʱҶͻȻоؼԪȫŹҲˡ
۵
һ죬򿪵Ĺ餾ȻԶˣԪ͵һˮһע뵽餺ǣ̨档
໡
һնХžǷ·һ㣬ҡͷβŹŹ׾Ҫȥϵļ̨ϳһɫš
žҪŹŹ׺նȥ˲佫˵صĵԪһӳˣƷʯҲһ˲䱻̵Ԫ
ৣ
ʣҶɫ䣡
ܹԽŰɣȫǽѰĹط
ûʯ͵ĻԲǹɵĶ֣ͬȾ£ܹսʤԷϾǹŵӣѪ̫֮ǿˣҼõ˹ŵ۵дУ




1519 
С֣ûԪ͵ʲôҶ
Ҷ˴˵صԪ˲䱻ߣҲһʱˡ
Ϊŵ۵ӣѪʵǿԼߡ
֮ǰ֮ԻᱻҶѹơŰȫΪҶͨطԪս˹
˿̣ɲ¡Ԫһ±գ´վЦѡ

£ɳˣȭӡŨҵŭ⣬һȭҶ
ಣ
ʧȥԪҶ֪ǹɵĶ֣ۿɾȭûӲƴһ׷ǲ˲ŲƳȥ
䣡
һ죬ɴһȭâҶ֮ǰվĵطһ޿ӣʯĽԨ·ڻζ

ȹٴγ֣Ҷ䱻Ϊĳһɱɢ֣ٴʩչ׷ǲһ̵˼ֱ̨˹֮ϣ׼Ź뿪˵ء
ԭϺˣʱˡιķ϶ߵĻôҲûлˣɥڴˣ
Ҷģܣ
ɵֵҶĹ֮󣬿ҶŹ׽̨ϵ֮Уʱһ˹ȥ
Ȼ
Ѿˣ
ಣ
һƿҶڹŹѾ֮У˲պϣʧڹɼ˵ǰ
ˣ
ΨһҴʿһֱ̱ڵϣ
ԭҶ뻯Ѱ뿪Ҷȥڶϣ

ʿҲɵˡ
ǹͻȻ֣ҶͻȻߣһжǵԤϣڼ̵ʱڷȫûзӦʱ䡣
˿̣Ҷȥǽ˾أҪԭ·ضˡǸɲԨײһƬɱ

ɵԭųԶҶˣȴû뵽ҶȻðδ֪Σգ˹Ź׽š
ৣ
󣬹ŭδʶؽĿͶ˺ˡ
ţ
˵ӦԼͬվһСĽ䱸Źɡ
Կ϶ǣֻҪɳ֣ǱŽһ£Ѫƴס
һĻо˸ûж֡
⵹ûһĺʵ֪˱дǽ˻ɱڴˣպϢҶ©ĻŴ󺷷˺Իһַżҡ
ʱżֵַܹҲҪصĴۣʧȥһΣ

֮ûʱġ
һ˲䣬һ꣬ҶŹŹһδгֵʱѾһƬ򣬾žŹŹ׽һΪϵļ̨档

ҶӹŹֲԶˮȣڿຮı˵ֱһɾ
Ҷɻܴ߽֮С
ɼգȪʯһص
ȻһȴҶֲԤУĵط򣿻ڶϲ
ôһ̨ţգӦúɵľǳңԶŶԣһֲԤУܾԼû߳ԭʼſ󣬷ˡ
ĸоľڽеĻôĴ쳣ա
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ͤĵطӦûҪһͤ
ͤⰻȻȫʯɣԿµķ˪
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ʥ棬׼䡭
Ҷһ˵عȻа
ϸĹۿأȻ¼صǵһʦּǣ
λݴ˵ԭʼſΨһǿߣ֮λʥһλߣȫɥԭʼſ
˵ҵĸоûˣﲢǳԭʼſ󣬶ǡǡ෴뵽˿ҶЩࡣ
ǵһʦּǣصЩ˵ݣЩ֡
⴦ͤף룬ľӳ»䣬Ķ£ĸʯϣ飬ࡣ
ʥжλߣԪʱƬܵصģһΪ춯أȻ
Ҷۿһʯãֻһ̾Ϣ˽ܣҲסʱţЩ˶Ϊˣվδܳɹ
ʯϣҶȻһʯϼ˵ʦĴУʦһ˺ܶ࣬ĴУӵһŶ̶ߴѣǵߴĴˣ
ԴˣҶЦãһѰû뵽Ȼʦ˹ϵԼ˵ʦĴˡ
ϸ룬ô£ԼôõⱾ飬һԿ϶ǾԼѧϰѰõһЩУ˵ǵʦһҲû
룬ҶԼõĴѾˣԼϣ۵Ĵ֮⣬õߵĴС
ڣѾˣȻŸߵĳνʵսȴѾѹ׼۾ǿߣֻһ֤߱ɹ
Ȼ
ѡ֤֮·ʵ̫ˣʹ췣Ϊݡ
ҶʯϵõһƪµѰǵһʦʱġ
ʯϵֺСҲǳܼԿ̵ĺӽϣ±ĥƵġ
һʦУ׵أܶ඼ѾѰķ룬޽⡣
ѧѰ֮ȫһ֣ŴЩأꡣ
˼ѰеЩѰ֮⣬֣ǰ򣬿˵ǶԵʦһĹˡ
Ȼطʵ̫Ѱˣһĵʦδظҽ룬һأҲ޻ء
ڿ˵Щʲô似ͨҪǶʯ顣
ӹ񣬽λʦѣǵһʦүıѪ޷жô
ҶһһĿȥĬĬӡϣ´һš
£ɬѶδţڵҶֻȼպ
ȫӡ֮Ҷһչ䣬ʯм׷ɣƪѰӴʧ
ţ
Ժ󣬾Ҷ׼ȥʱͻȻԶվһӰôĬĬؿ˫͵Ĺâһ㡣
˭
Ҷ󾪣ôλö֪˵ʵԿֲ
Ǹղ͵ϮĻѾһʬˣ




1520 ӳ
ৣ
֮࣬Ҷս׼ֱԻͷâʵʵ
֮ΪҶ͸ǰ˵ǳñʥǿ߻Ҫǿ
ڣǾ۵ʲôˣ
Ҷͷľڵ۱֮˲ȻݣƮǰɬʵ
ǡɣ֪棿
Ҷһɣ˵еǿӹ˵ԼҵˣֻԼҶҵˣϵңĸ֮⣬ҶûʲôøС
ʮأ˲֪˲ô᲻֪أ
¶ݣĸһһɫĴ멣ͷûˣϸƤͷһ㡣
ȻǾ۵ĺˣôҲΪ㣬Ƿһ飬ѾˣȻǲɱ㣬Ҳȥˣﰲɣ
£һ㣬ֱʧ֮УҶʻĻᶼûС

һ£Ҷɵˡ
ղ˵˾Ȼʶ۲˵Ƿ¾һ顭
Ҳ˵˵˺пܺ;һʱˣ
ǵʲôˣ
Ҷ̲סԼȻͼϵϣϺ޻
֮£ҶֻԼ̽
һ죬ҶڽжȹѰҵһʦĲ٣Ҳõ˴Уȴ
ҲܱұҪ뿪
ҶϵתȦ˼ı֮ߣһأ֮УҪ̸ף
ҶĵǣԴӳֹһ֮ҲûгֹƺԶ뿪һ
ʵҲȷˣУҶγԣȻȴʼֵ߲ķΧ֪ô£תתȥתصϼ̨ˣ·һĹȦһ
εĳԣҶջǷˣͲ߳ȥⷽԲʮĵط
ҪɳȥҲܣɹһȴ˴ΧĹǾڱһˡ
һ֮ҶҲҺҳˣǿԼ侲취
뵽ʲôط֮йˣԭʼſʥ֮Ӵ򹷣޻أҪ˵һͨСʿˡ
óȥ
ҶҧսѰⲿó淭ңܷҵһ·ӳȥ
ȻһʦܹǾһгȥķֻĿǰ֪ѣ
϶·ģ
Ҷվ֮ڣĦѰⲿ顣

ͻȻѰԶһâͬʱҲͬâ
ǡ
ҶһϲæֳѰǰȥ
Ƭ֮Ҷڵأ
Ϊһ·ǰ죬Ѱжеķģڵ˸ϵǶ໥ӳ
ûκԥҶ˹ȥѭŵϵ·߹հ˹յģת˺ܾã·ָ£Ȼ߳֡
̫ˣ
ҶаԵһʦͶأҲֻѰھлһ·
еĴڿҲû뵽һʦԼĴһš
֮Ҷٶȼӿ˲٣ɲٱ˲˹ļһ»ȥӳΨһһλᡣ
һ˷ͨҲûгĻˣ
ԣҶٶȼﵽ˼£ǵһʦļƻõһ·ԸͲܣֻҪ·߾ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶͻȻǰƺû·ˣ·һأֽˡ
ҶûóȻǰ·ľͷϸܣȻһأһóȻǰֻҪһ̤ƬΨ·һԵ۱С۱ǲᱻݻٵģȴܹ档
￴һƬƽԭȴһɫһɫ
أѰеʮɷ֮ϣ͵ľɱ֮أ
ϵܣҶѰµݳһ·֮ϣȹ⴦ء
˿ĻΪʮɣ̶̼ףҶȴߵþĶǣÿһĵ

̶̼ҶѾǺ͸ؽһֱȹ⴦յֱ֮ڵϴڴڵĴŴ
ʵŶ̶̼׸۲Ҫ㲣һٲ龰κҲñĸˡ
ѨʵԶҲǶ̶̼ʮѣҶȴߵøСģ
һ·ϣ߹˺ܶأʡ׻ʬʬȵȣЩҪĵòÿʱỵ̈·ڱ仯ֻԼȹΣ
~
һֱѨʱҶųһϾǰȫˡ
ȻѨҲһҪĵط֪һܹճȥֻ̨Ҫ̨û£ܺɳȥ
ܿ죬ҶµԨײƾϴεľܿȹɱ󣬶Ǵ̨
ѨУ˺ʯҰѾˣ̨Ҳùĺۼ̨ͨȥˡ
뵽ҶԥѰڸ˼кüľ޴Ʒʯ
ҶԼʯһͻһ磬Ҫʯһ֣òδѡ
ռ߰˷ƷʯҶͣˣǲٶˣЩƷʯٶĻпܻ벻ĺðա
֮Ҷڴ̨Ƕʯ󼤻̨׼ա
꣡
̨һ˲䣬Ҷ⣬һطˣʱнп಻
̨ǱǳϽģ˿Ļ𣬷пɴĿĵصƫ
̨ȻһѺۣ֪ᴫ͵ȥһٱͻؽĻǿˡ
Ȼ
ѾѾʼǺҲûˣûҩģֻˡ

ҶҪʲôʱ򣬹âһѿе
վڳɫĴϣҶĿԼԾڽıԵûٸˣֻҪ򲻴Ӧܹ߳ȥˡ
䣡
ͬʱҶͻȻһ죬ͷһʱסˡ
ֻԭʼſķɫµĹ⻪ɫĹԣȫûˣԵͶʥࡣ
ԭʼſ󡭡
Ҷһ˷˼һĹſѣȻܣ¾ֱ˼顣
еˡ
ҶͻȻ뵽ǸߵĻлˣôʲôĴŽأ
Ҷû϶ܹųѾˣҪ֪ʥǿ߽֮ȥ޻أˮܻųֱ漣
ǡ
ոǰ˲ʮҶͻȻǰԶĵطмӰƺƮ
ʲô
Ҷһ
д˵ԭʼſ˭ҲûֻһŶѡ
ڶĳǣԭʼſȥĵطִž͸ˣҶвޣһĻ鷳ɾʹˡ
ʵģɲصأŵٲŽԼһ˶ϣҶԷû
ҶǰӰͬʱҲҶͬһתˣ

һĻҶһȻͨеԵɡԷ϶Ҳ࣬ҿǰɴӽгĽɴˡ
Ұ𣿡
ͻȻҶһӰʯҰŽһ
Ȼǰͣ˽Ųɻӭ
ǲǱˣǺˡʯҰ˾
ҶҶӣ㣿
𾪣ǻΪҲأСӱ͵ȥˣ
һʼΪǽ߳Ľɴأǣ˾µ˵
ǰƺнɴڣ
˵ʯҰͻȻѹһ˵һǰָȥ
ৣ
Ҷ˳ָȥȻӰⲻʹ˵еǳƣ




1521 ɴ
ƬĴ˵̫ˣһһֲνǽɵĴڡ
ңԶϹкܶڰҶйأҶĽֵЩκ˵һ㡣
ҶҲе֣Լڵһʦزûзʲô˲˹ͷǼһλ
ԣͷǸˣʲô
ǲǳ˽ôֶ
Ҳɫ԰ףôҲţⶼ߳ˣȻôаŵĶ
ĪǸһҲ̽յ˰ɣ
ʯҰһʯ̽Դ˾ͱ˸ǽеĽɴڣһ磬ôࡣ
˫˴Լӣ˰νžӣٶȱӻ죡
ǾȻǣ
ֱɵˣΪıˣ֪ɴжôֲȻˣ
ǾȻˣҡûɣ
˾ҲסˣʹԼ۾
¹£ȻңԶֻܿţҶǾе죬Ϣʶĸо
ǹɺ죡
ɲǼ䣬ҶһѾ׷ȥٶ֮죬զࡣ
ǰͲʲôɵĴڣǻʵˣʶһǹżҵӹɣһԺǿӣҲǿ졣
ʲôǣ
һ˵ǰǹɺ죬ʱˣҶһͷ׷ȥ
ľүӵĻŵˣǸʵڶԲǣ
ҧгݣ˾ʯҰ˻⽫ԼͷŪøɢңǴ˵еĽɴڡ
Ҷʵж׷ùɺӣƬҲͣ
õӣǿˣһ߸ϣɽǰɫģȻȴҶŵƨ
ǱͽҶ˵˽ɴڣһ׷ˣŵܴĵӡ
жǿһմȾϽɴĸ֣ǾͲܶԿˣܹӵѾոˡ
׷СʱҶٶ˵׷ϹɺģҶٶȣû׷ǡ
ԭܼ򵥣żҵǺֵĻҲǶ֣ŻһҲˡ
ɺ˳̵ľʹˣ˰ʱ֮Žĸɴ˦ֱ̱ڵϣһĺ¡
ԭʼſ֮ǽΪûܹܳҲǶеһʦµĴ̨ղŵɲٽȥһˡ
ΧҿԵԭʼſ̽յĹɵġ
˸ոջ治ãڲΣյĵطתתܷŪմȾԭʼϢʯϳ˽ɴڣһӾĸ
׷СʱҶҲˣڽԵһߵϢóʳˮ˽ųԵ㣬һ
һǾһԺ˵ƴҲ̤벽ˣһ߳Զһߺ¡
˵ҶֵܣǸ컯󣬾ȻҲӽгˣǲ˼飡
ʲô˼𣿡ҶЦŴȤ
ûСûС
ҡͷô뷨أʱǹ餽֮У˭Ҳ֪㾿ɵչŵĸһܣϧһ𶼲Ķ֣С̫ǿˣǴӡ
Ҷֵܣ˵˵ôģ˾ʵ
һѾ
ҶԼԭʼſֵϸ˵һ飬Լη·ӳһʴ
ȻҶ˵ɣ˶֪һξǽңҲҶ󣬷Ǳˡ
ǸȤǣҶǸ˲˹ߡ
Ҷ˵˵ʵԲѷһʥȻڽΪūɼеϴжôֲˡ
˵ģνĽɴǿ϶ˣȴǾʲôˣ˳˼֮С
ҶҲֻ֪һ˲˹ߣʲôҲûУʥǿ߾λĻ㡣
˵еĴڣȻûдвҲûʲôѺãֻǻضӣκ˴Űˡ
ҶξеĽɴڣܲǴ˵еΪûпνǶûС
̸۸пʱͻȻһ΢ĽŲ˶һ㶣һͷȥ
ֻԶһСޱıͷϻǱ裬ȥɰ
ɴڣ
ৣ
һɫʶɽеĴڣи𾪡
Ϊǽ˵һСޣһʥ̥۷ʿҲδʵ
ԣС޾ԲϿȥô򵥣һǴӽ߳Ľɴڡ
һ뵽˾͸оȶתղǰеĽɴڽɺŵƨӴܣû뵽תǾɴˡ
Ҷ˫ιâֱӿۣۿԿֱܹӱ࣬СǽɴڵĻһܹ㲻Ҳܿ϶ݡ
£СΣȻͷϳֻڳǵĹʹ˵еǳƣ
֣
Ҷϳֱ֣һɱɢĹȥɫĴƾճ֣ݺݵС档
裡
һƵĺѪڣǸཱུĺͯһӱ˲ߴףͷ˫ǣ˵߳Ķħ
Ȼħȴֱӱ˵ϣڵγһεӣ
𡭡
ǶħһƵĺХںɫʧһɲǣֱӴܳȻ˿ûˡ
衭
һƵһӾ˹ûһ㱿׾У෴ǳѸһɿ硣
˷׷׳֣ۿҪ߳ȴĶƴһսȻŬ֮ˮ
԰һ
ʯҰһǣʯ˳󣬶ݺݵҹȥ죬һӽǶħ˻ȥ
˾˫ҲȥʯҰһǽˣѪڷ衣
ҲһȥȻƷھүүٴμ֮Ҳ൱ˡ
飡
ǶħһͷֻӲĽ˲һӽʯҰ˾ıȫɳȥͬʱһŽ߳ȥԶ

Ҷݣ̥屩ǣǶħҪһͷֱһȭҹȥ
䣡
ҶһȭֱӽǶħɳȥһɶԶصˤڵϡ
ԣⲻǽеĽɴڣ
һȭǰĶħҶ͸оԣеĽɴڲô




1522 
һȭɶħҶòԾħǴӽβԼģԲӦôŶԡ
ΪԹ˹֮֮⣬û뵽ֻֻ߳ҪԶҲˡ
еĴڶǿֲֿ
ҶΨһһԭʼſлŵĴڶûбĨɱˡ
Ȼʮ֣Ҷû֣ͣǼҲҵ׷óǿս
飡飡飡
»ˮѪɫĴϣҶƴȫͷ˫ǵĶħûл֮
Ȼ
Ǿǣͷ˫ǵĶħȻʵôˣᡪ֮ڹϣɶܣȴʼκβ
飡
ʯҰ⣬һȥҲҶˣǴͷ˫ǵĶħϣȴֻǺݺݵıȥһ飬ʼ޷ɱ
𣡡
˾ڷһ˫󴸻糵һȥȻȴκβ
Ǻ˵ƷܹӳֲҲǽħʹУȴ޷ɱ
ǡˣ
ͷ˫ǵĶħһͨڷˣɢǿҵڹ⣬һӽҶȫڡ
ǡ

˴󾪣ʣǰħѾﵽҲǸոյΧһǧס
ҲԳ֮Ϊһֳܣʩ߿Ƶһб֮һжɬ
֮ڣʩ߿һĴڣ֮УǾԵףɱȫʩߵһ֮䡣
ǡ
ͷ˫ǵĶħһЦĸ޴࣬ðҪǣ
㲻ǴӽгĽɴڣ㵽
Ҷƽʵ˿̣ûжȴסڵһᡣ
¶ˣȷǽɴڣǶЩ޴˵ҾϵĴڣĤݰɣɣǣ
ͷ˫ǵĶħƺˣһćNɪֱҶ߹޴ëһ㡣
ղžҶĺݣɱɢַ·ʱһ㣬ӶӲֻܱӲⲻˬ
Ǹʵô
ҶȻһЦͨչͬʱŲ׷ǲ˿Ӱ죬һȭҹȥ
䣡
һ죬ͷ˫ǵĶħдž޴Ĵ㵺ͲţҶһȭɳȥԶԴһʯϣʱʯ÷顣
һ̣ʯͷȻһɫĹâ֣һȭͷˮƷʯڰգȻҪߡ
Ʒʯ
Ҷ˺Ƕħȫˣû뵽ͨʯоȻֱ治ԭʼſ
ҵģ
ǶħһʩչҪƷʯн
Ȼ
Ʒʯƺʶһ㣬ȻҪߣ˫һʱ佩
ৣ
Ҷ״ԥʩչ׷ǲ˹ȥһѽƷʯץȻƷʯоȻӡһָĹų棬磬ⲻ
衭
ǶħһƵĺХŭҶȥʵںţԼ֮ڣȻܹ˿Ӱ죬ֱ߸֪
Ҫ֪ǿԪγһֳܣ֮ڣԼǾԵףҶȴִ˵
򣡡
Ҷֱʩչȭɫ׵磬·ٽһ㣬ȭͷϸǲ
䣡
һ죬ͷ˫ǵĶħʱ֮ˣ˸ɫĵâڵһĳ鴤
ʧǶħҲڿٱССףһͨӲֻ࣬ͷϵ˫ûô仯

Ҷһк˶ʱߣ첲ͷ˫ǵĶħһٿ񴷱⣬һȫˣһԺĽ⣬Ǹˡ
ˣˡ
Ƕħбţ˵©磬һġ
˵㵽ʲôˣ
Ҷֹ˺˼ȥһֻŲǶħؿʵ
˿̣ȷһԲǽгĽɴڣпܸһҲԵ̽յġ
ֻ廹ûгСӾʲôͷĪ
ϸҲܣʲôĵˣ廹壬ֵġ
һ֣Ȼһڰƽ٣֪жľӢ䡣
ˣ˵˵
ǶħƺˣϽæĻش
ͨҶ֪һݺʱ˿Цá
ģðĽɴŻǣô򣡡
˾Ϸˣŭٴˣһ⡣
˵ˣٴˣ
ʯҰ˵ţһСӵԴϣţײһ𣬷죬ųһƬ𻨡
㻹˵ղžúݣ˾ЦʯҰ˵
СӼֱǸţƤǣСǿӲô򶼴Ҷ̾
ǰļһţдţħһԱףԼţ
ϸ˵ţǴţħеһ࣬С͸棬żѧçţԴһװ湦
˵ҲЦΪ棬Сʱûٰ򣬾òҽ
Ҳԭڲ֪бһ湦ĥȻԴһ湦
˵ʺԣţǾѵģ˿ڵǿˣڴӡ
Ҫ֪֮ͨǰ似ģǹ֮ҲûмܹĶԺ߾
Ȼ
ţȻƾԼʵͰľ飬Դһװ湦Ҳ֮ˡ
׹֮󣬴ţħݲ֮£ֻӣʥж˳
иıԼòʵı仯֮оȻûбϳ
ȻˣҲЩʥǿߣʥسϼǿ߶ҽӴ
һСڷݵ̫ʥأԺʯµĻᣬ̫ʥص˱
ò׵ȷ粨ƽϢ֮һῪ뿪̫ʥصĿ׼ԭʼſ̽һ
ոսķΧҶˣΪ˲¶Լݣѡ˱ɽڵĽɴڣ㽫Ҷߣͱˣݺݵıһ١
ŻǣֱǷ򣡡
֪ţ֮󣬺ֻ˵
廹ûʱʿǰ±ץôҶЦʵ
£ҵȻˣԣҾǣϴܵñСܰɣţҲͷһȣǾ˼ǵġ
֪Լһع⣬ͳ֮ĳޣͲˣпĻҶ˵ץߣǿɲҪġ
⣬ԴӴﵽ֮ûбôأʣҶ˵ʵǳǿ󣬾Բһˣһкô
Ҫһǣ֪Ҷӵе۱ģܶǿ˶ˣϴ֮·
ܹһδĴ۽ãԼʲô
һ˵õȮ죡
һҶ֤»ߣ
룬ҶҲܻ
ǲո࣬Źϵ֮壬Ҳܱӻ㣬㻹߰ɡҶɱҲԲӻ׼ʹ˷֡
ȻСӾţƤһһֱ󣬴ϲߣ㽫һ٣ҲܸԭһƤ࣬ҲŪ
֮ҶֻЭҶ࣬ͬʱţķʵ̫̬




1523 еŮ
ţһ̥ȻΪѾﵽڣʵڲôͨʿϼ֡
Ȼ
İ湦ȴ֮Ʋ𣬳Ǹ߳һ󾳽磬ҪзǷֶβпܻɱ
һ˵Ȼʣδϴ֮·Ǹļһ
һ·ϣ˲ţ֣Ȼ໽Уһȴʼղ˲
һֱ߳Χ֮ҶһĲŷһֱֲԤУƺʲôˡ
ģûˣôжˣⲻȻ
ţ
һʱҶ˴һæͷȥֻڽıԵӰ챮ߴֲǿ
һӰҷأڸһ˾㤵ϢһַǳɲΣոС
һӰһ㣬ͷûʣһ̲Ҳҵ̹⣬Ҷһɾ޴ѹ
ȻҶȴԾһӾϳӰСǸ˲˹ߣû뵽Ȼ׷˽Եˡ
Ӱû׷ߵԵֹסΣĮؿǣȻԶȴľĸо

Ҷ˵ϣò߳˽ˣǿĿ
Ӱδ׷ֻĿҶ뿪
ҶԶݣһֱԺĿΧŸͣ
ȥͬʱеһ֮أ»ˮһһŶлۣƼΪˡ
嫵»ˮһŶ֮УһƮɵŮϣŮӽ»͵еԼŨԪš
˿̣Ϸ·һʻļһ㣬ֻʿһ˿ա
͸ʵĿŮӿȥԼĪʮ߰ӣʥ˪üҶΪƣȴһݸǺ֮
ڽ֮Ужȴûֺܵƣڽ˵
ܿ죬»γɵĹ㽫ʵʵ濴ֻܿһŷļӣʲôҲˡ

ĳǣС¾ɣµĲɣǽϱ鲼ŵĺۼʾǳĿ¡
ҶڽͷµĸʱԶȥ˿̵ѾıòĻᱻϳ
ͺ˵뿪󣬱һͬ˶ĳǣͺ˷ֿˡ
ţԼȥˡӵб仯֮һҲıϳ
ʯҰͨԺڶĳǵĴ̨صѧԺ˺˾һᵽĳǱ㲻֪ˣпԼүү㱨еջϸȥˣҶҲ⡣
ĳƺǰӵֵ֣ﲻܶʯſˡ
ϴҶʯԼ͵ļ۸гһרɲġϾССĶĳ룬ܶʿϣܶĳһЩƷ
ʱ֣ҶŲһҿ⻹㲻ľ¥ԵһϾƺͼСˣһһߵʿǵĽ̸
˵ݵųǸһɽƺϹؾҪˡ
Ϣ׼׼Ǵﴫģ
˵ǴһоԶĹҵĵӿдģѾвǿ߸ȥˡ
֣ҪôôϹؾҪˣ
оظˮҲδ֪Ǵȥ֡
ȻǴоԶĹҷֵģôЩȥһͱǷ˰ɣ
֪ˣһβǸϵļ壬Ҳ֪ˣǸ֮仹Ķأ˭˵ϣ
ΪʲôһûȥأһҲеĻûʲôˣȥһʥǿ߾ܽǿȫˡ
ԴˮˣһôǰϹؾһԼһ˾룬ˣ˵ǻлģ
ˣǸޱ߷˵ҶƺҲ˱˵ȥ𣿡
ҶȻĶʱԼ֣ɵøˣԼסˣҲں
һƷʯ֮Ȼûͻƾ磬ʵȴһСȵ
ҲӵʹӴˣ˿̵ȫһŨüۣһ뺷֮ıʿģݱϳ
ӦûȥɣϾϹؾкпܻĳǿĴУܴ
СӾǸǣߵﶼ֣żǿ˺ǿ˫˫гԱҶκãһУķͷǹˣ
ҿ˻ڷӡ֮еĵ֮⣬һҶСѾԳƵ޵ˣ
ܶʥӼǿ߶ȥݵųǣϹؾĿһˡ
ǸҶҲȥĻȻʥӼǿײҵĻ𻨣δһַǷ
¥ϣܶ඼ǹҶġ
Ҷһ߳ţһţһֱ¥еĿ˶߲˲Žˡ
ΧԷʿ̸Уõ˺ܶõϢ㡣
һ㣬ݵųɽ֣пϹؾҪˡ
ϢӦ÷ǳɿϾô˲ȫѣôϹؾϿȷûҲһġ
ڶܶʥغ͹ϴеңһЩϴڶʥӼǿ߲УһؾȻһǿ֮
һսҲ˵δ֮·ʸսֻײʤ˲ʶ·ʸ
صԺڶĳǵİ´֮󣬸ͻȻһ仰ԺԺϲµҶʹڱٻصѧԺˡ
ҶѧԺеǰʮȫţгɳ
ϲĻ˵ǣеĻԶ޷˪ΨопᾺĲʸʶ·
õЩϢ֮Ҷûоȣ֮ǰ֮ѡڱһΪ׷ѰһʦĽŲôУ߾ѧԺѾûжˡ
֮ͬУ޵УԺĶҲԽԽǿֻѪĥ³ܸǿ
Ͼ֮۵һ·˸ս˷ḻľ飬սһɳġ
Ҷ֪νԼһ˲øͲ뵽һеУöɱֻһֽĶѡ
ûǿļලһЩоԶĹϼһǿߣ֪ɱŻһ
ƾЩһǿߵֶκͨĨȥۼ˲ף
ԣڱһñ˷Լ٣ǼΣյģжΣգҪܣǱǿĴۡ
ݣųǣɽϹؾһҪȥϹǰǸʲôĴУ
Ҷųǵķ򣬾ǰһ




1524 ų
Ǳһ൱ݣųһųǣҲʷΪƾõһųǣԼǧʷˡ
ǧ꣬ڱຮ֮أҲǲ׺ɣܶųǶʷУûʧҲַѲԭĵַˡ
Ȼ
ųȴڲãĴϣһһ㣬űʷǨ
ųУ԰ʤգ൱еĽֵ˱еѩ֦ѾïųǴһĨɫϢ
ֵ֯඼Ƿǳ뺷ͱйأΪʢʯҲ֮أ֮ͨҲʱе
ҶıòһɫۣͼΣٲȻһõģųǵĽֵϣʷƾõĹųǡ
ֱӷйģӶĳǵųǲԶٷеĻҲ·̶ѡ
ȻϹؾ鴫ķзǾĿʱ仹磬һҲż
ת˲ʱҶͷټɵһ㶡Դλб֮ҲûгֹھȻ¶ˡ
Ȼͨı˱ĿҶ֮£Ρ
ڶĸı䣬ԴһˣԣҲ£ۿı仯
칦Ҷųз˲ʥӼǿߣֻÿ˶Ը鱦ڱԼݣЩҶ۶
ôʥӼǿ߶ˣϹؾĿ磬ܶǿ߶һ
߽ͬǿдһӡ֤һԼΪʵҲΪ·һʸ
ֵϢǳķҶͺܶ಻ʥӵǿ߲ûפ㣬ƽȥ
ЩʥӵʿԸʥغϴڵĸ֣ҲԸϴеļǿߡ
һ֮⣬Ϊ˿ʥЩ˱ʥӸǿֻʵƣǵǱ޷ʥᲢۡ
ҶƮƮȥûͣŹŽһ·ȥ
ųǣһΧ־޳ǣֵȻܷˮɫȴǳȪأʱɼ
ڱຮ֮أܹĹųǲ࣬˶ĳǺͷɳ֮⣬ųǾһ羰ĺõط
·˵̸УҶõ˲ϢȻ󲿷ֶûʲôãЩл˿УҶҲһЩõϢ
ųϣԼǧĵطһϼɽɽιâ죬ǿķӡ֮ѾвʥӼǿ߸ȥˡ
ݴϢƣϹؾдһܵʱ䣬Ŀǰвʿųͣ
˿̣Ѿٽ磬Ҷ˸Էĵطһһ˵ĽãֻһЩõϢ
˵Ϲ䣬ϼɽһǿߵĵһЩ鱦Ҳδ֪пϱ
ȻˣЩƲ⣬û֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵׼Ϲؾоʲô
Ϲĸǿ߿ٳؾȻµĶпϹ似
λǿߵĴҲ˵κʿ˵Ƕһ޷ľ޴Ƹ
ݴ˵ǿûд۵Уһ֮ѹڰң˵һ޵еǿߣֻϧʱһλ۵Ӱ£ز֤ʵʣп֤ɹ
ͨϢۺжϣҶϼɽϹؾ޻ɣôʿϵˣǼٵġ
գҶ㷹ڳתʥϴڡųǽԿжʯ
ҶŲ߽һΪԴĶʯʯǹżҿģżŴھѨУӹɸֱ֣żҷŷѪ
ȻҪԹżұ֮⣬ҪʯҲǴʹҪԭ
ﵽ֮ͨҶ˺ܴ鷳Ϊÿһν׶ҪԪʯĻ
ϴͻƣʯƷʯƷʼߣܹͨʯԾкܴΣС
һƬ԰֣ռؼ㣬ѩٲƣݴɫ
ɶѵʯϣҲΪ԰еһ֣һҲԵõǶʯĵطһƬ԰
Ҷ͵£ڴ˰ʯֱʯûȥԼУǳ鷳
ϴڶĳǵʯеһĻЩʯ˵ķɲٴαĿ͵¡
ԭܼ򵥣ʥӼǿ̫࣬Щ˺Żⲻĳޣһ棬Ȼ֣Ȼ£ҲԸ¡
żҵĶʯܴʮ˽ԺӣÿһԺжʯ϶԰ַ߽ģĿ
㲻ʯʯҲһܡ
ڹżҵĶʯҲвѡʯǰԺжһЩСС֣Ϊߵ˲Żĵطʯ
Ȼ÷׷гöȴ࣬ûУѪ޹飬˲ٵʯëûг
ӵԺӿʼ˱˺ֻܶ࣬ɢļѡʯǵԵôˣ෴ȫһܡ
תһȦ֮Ҷզֹ࣬Ȼޡ׶ҽʯ˶һݡ
û೤ʱ䣬ѾһЩνĳϡƽ֮ӵȡ
ųԭǽڷɳǵĹųǣϹؾԭ򣬺ܶ˶ЩҲ֮С
ҶĬȴ֣תۼѾԺӣٽʯСɽʯսռС
ʯϣֳпȻһЩ˵⣬˽ɷ򣬹Ҫʯ
ԲҲʯ
ҶϾܾˣֻƣԸοЩóʯҲࡣ
ڣһǧʯҶǣǶ˵ûôҪʯ
ʮ㣬ҶҪͨ۷壬ҪʮʯʥأһóôʯҲҪʹ
ڣѰѾСɣʯļ죬ϵʯϣг
Щĥĥ󣬻ǲҶϣܺһѣΪпҶǸӡ
ΪҶѡʯϣЩǿǷʯгκζġ
ðɣ׼ʮƷʯҺǶģûʮƷʯͲҪңҶû취ˣֻӦߡ
ʮƷʯ˵ǸòһеȵҲδõóϾǷɳǣǷɳǣʮƷʯҲǳֱˡ
Щ˶ʱˣҶ·ڿһһһſھʮʯǵǿҲûɣ
ͬҶԤϵһʮƷʯĶעЩͼסˣѡõʯ뿪˶ķ
ͬʱ
ϼɽУʮλʿɽвž󷨡
ЩʿԴͨȥݣһҲ֪Էʵݣֻһ˵Ĵæµš




1525 Ϲؾ
մϢ˵Ʋ⣬ϼɽϹؾһ֮ڵ죬ܶųǵʿϼɽ
òҶҲһЩͨʿϼɽ
˿̵ϼɽѾһЩʥӼǿ߰أûǿʵͽȥ
ҶһͨʿֻԶûеϼɽǰʸ
ҲûʲôϹؾûп֮ǰǵ˸ǰҲûʲôãֻǿڿʱռһλãؾ֮жѡ
ȺС죬ϼɽеâԽԽʢˣؾȴʼûпѾᵽһɺĵϢ
Ѫͺͺϼɽһ㲻Ѫ⣬ƺҪʲôѪ¼Ҫһ
й˼ʱâʧˣؼһƬ
˿̣ѾҹؼһƬһЩʿĺ֮⣬ʲôҲûУ޶ԶԶضݿˡ
ôྫӢҲӦ˾޴ΣգǶɵӣһҲΣյĸӦǱǿ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬һ촫һƬͨڴսâ졣
ӰС̫ҹգսޱȵļҡ
ҶϸһʶսȴһҲʥӲǿ
ʣҲһֻ̳ûҶŻ᲻ʶƾ˵ʵҲһеķ
һ޳˱ըԵڷÿһʯ쾪
һ˻ŽɫĹâһսս߰һȭһŶ⣬ˡ
һµӦʥصʥӣһ˭Ȼ⣡Ҷһʿȵ˵
֪⣬̫ʥصʥӣ˭ʸʥӿ⣿
λʥӼǿߵĴս¸һЩɽ·ֽһ㱻ݻ٣ֻ˶Ŵսսûвϼɽ
˴սķԲʮ֮ڣûͨʿҿսನҲɱЩͨʿˡ
˱˵ȻӰʤͬһʱǵı˸п
ˣɣκһʱųֻʱƺ̫ˣ
ҲãϾĽ弴ʱ༸ǿҲ壡
۷׷ף˵Ĵս˸߶ȹע
˵ǸҶ𣿡
Ҷ۾ۿǿߴսʱ򣬶ͻȻһ仰
˭֪أˣû˲ȷ˵
˵Ļôսʤ𣿡
ʿѯʵʱҶҲڿ⣬˴ʵ˵͹١
ĻԣҲ˵û֮ս֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵á
˵ûս֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵ʤԷϾÿһʥӶд˵ˣ˭ұ֤ûбľѧ
λʥӼǿȻڴսǿóǶܿƣû׼ǵ㵽ֹ
ϾϹؾڼǲܽʱ˷
λʥӴս˽һʱջûֳܷʤƽ֣Ϊǲƴ
һƴĻһ˻䣬ʤһҲؽصĴۣϹؾʱһ˾ζų֣ǲðա
˫֮ͣ󣬸ԻصԼӪУûٶ֣ʥӼǿȻĶҲסԼ
֣һζС֪ˣΪʲôֻһЩ˵һǿһҲûѵ飿˲˵
ҶĿĹˣֻһǿһû֣ΧһǿߣһЩʥصʥӡ
ҶȺзһЩԺ͵Ժĵӣֻ˫ûжֵ˼
һ˹ⰲŵģڼôϢ˭Ҳ֪徿ǿʲô̶ˣһ
ѪԭͱҪǿһЩһûܺģôĽǳ
֮ĶԹѾãɱ޻ȡ޺Ƕһ
ҲΪΪ϶޷忹ӦŶԡ
˼ۣĻܷ绹˵
˵ȴĿ࣬˿ڻӴһٸвܳһʿҲˡ

ҹʱ֣Χһж˶ĬĬصȴȴһȴϹؾĿ
Ȼϼɽûʲô֣ȴ֪һȵܿؾҪˡ
ʱǾܵģһǰᳬʱһϹؾǱȻһ
ҹīҶЩʿ˵ڰ谭ǵߣΧܺڣҲĿԶ
ϼɽǿûп֮ǰκ˲Ŀɱ⣡
һЩʥصĵǻռ˱ȽϺõλãΨҶһɢΧ
ƾʵҶʸǰλãûô˵ע⡣
һνϹؾĴƣΪǱ򣬶򣬸ԺΧ
Ҷȴʱ۽ǵͻȻһҲӰȺΧǻ
Ȼ۽⿴һ˲䣬Ҷȴ̿϶ˣһ϶ǰǡ
һﲻڶϲԺʲôʱܵˣ
ְǺҶЩɻȻʶû˵ĵطԼ
СҶӣҾ֪˵ҳ
ɫƵȺѲӣҪҶҳҶڶıģòԴζܸı䣬Ƿ˰쾢ҲûҳҶֻһ˵ĵط
ʱҶߣͷһƣ쭱Ͻʵ㲻Ժôܵˣôģ
˰죬ߺߵ˵ģΪΪʲôôľͲˣǸʦջ׾٣
ҶƲ죬һ㴵ӣɲǶ̾ĺգһҶĺ̳ܿɴ
֪СӲţʵһȻӡ
Ҷϸ۲죬ʱ䲻һƺֱ˲ٻë͹ˮ˪ѹѩʵɲ⣬Ҳǵ״ﵽʲôˣɼʱԺûٵõô
СҶӣҪһƱ
󣬰ֱð̹⣬¶ϰԵļЦ




1526 ؾ
һһ˵ĵطı˺ܾã뵽Ϲؾ֮ɰǸƳƣǰ·ժңԵ
Ҷ԰ǵһû׼Լ̻ƺɵġ
ܹɴƣһ㶼ڸУҪɴҪڸʥءϴЩ
ȻˣԺ͵Ժǲģׯ;۱ƣֻҪܸʯҲǿԵġ
ȻԺĴ̨ɹģǾֻһܣ˵ģĿԿ̻ɴơ
䣡
ߵһֵʱϼɽϹâһһâ𣬷һĴڿգʡ
һâĳ֣ϼɽİɽͻȻһŻâ˸Żƣ·ͨɾһ㡣
Ϲؾˣ
˴ϼɽһըһʿƶ˻һǵŻȥ
ÿ
һĿ׳̤գһƽǰһʿˣѪ£ʿ߶ûһˡ
ţ
ɷʱò˳ԾϽΪ׳ÿһ·
׳ǰ壬һֱŻ˾У˾ڹâ˸Żս
˵Ҳ֣˵սôңʼ޷ǵŻǵŻ·بŴһ
ͬʱʿҲΪǵŻ֣ϼɽɱܶ˶ս֮С
飡
һͨʿֱӴڿУǿĶ֣޷⣬ѪȾ񷡣
̶ʱڣϼɽͱսһƬѪȡ
ĴսУĴʿ䣬սâݺᣬ죬鱦ΪǵŻ˶ƴˡ
ৣ
ӽǵŻһʿںͶӲƴһ֮󣬽һâ˸Ż֮Уʧˡ
˵һˣ˸ӷˣԼǰĶҪɱϧۣһҪǵŻ֮С
˵ǵŻȻϹؾǽϹؾΨһͨһӽȥпܻøĻԵ
ʥӼǿչֳǿսѾչ֮ڵʿ޲ûкʵ
߰ɣҲϽȥԵȥˣǻȥ±Ҫ졣һԲϵشߴ١
ôЩⲻһƭְɣ
ҶĵܾЩԾȴв֪ﲻԡ
ʲôƭ֣ô˶ȥˣٲȥĻƻ˶ˡ
Ǽˣ˿ֱ˻ҲӣҲС˺ܶ࣬һֱ費Ĳһ˿ۡ
ԥһҶһҧӦòʲôƭ֣Űâ˸Żȥ
˿Ѿв˽ȥˣûнȥ˸࣬󲿷ֶɱЩΪϹؾȨЩǵԹԹг𱨳
һʿ٣ĶУɢҲ٣϶һЩʿ֮ŸֶԹģ֣һϹؾĻᣬǱˡ
Ҷڸâ˸ŻʱǱ˹ˡ
һսȻҶҪ͵ǼȻҪǵŻͱҪսʾԼʵУͲƽ롣
أ
Ǻһƾһ鱦Լϣһҧʿβ˺һӶ˺ˡ

ʿҽһһһſһָŰû˵ˣ촽ֱ¡
Ҷ൱
⻹ô
ûˣֻ߷ߵ˳ֻһſһӦսˣҲ̫ˡ
ΪǵŻҶҲ˲ˣԼʵʩչһƱ㽫һԼʿķˣʿһ׹ȥ
ʿҲϹؾзһҲ䣿
ܶͨʿҶΧҪȻϹؾʸ
ԭܼ򵥣ǿҶһͨڵʿѡ
Ӿ˵ҶǸ߶٣ֲʲôʥصʥӣǵǿˣƾʲôȽ룿
Ҷ̾һͨʿɢޣǳͬ飬Ϊܹû֧ܹƾһʵס
Ҳκ赲ԼĽŲʥӲУǿ˲УЩͨʿС
ĲǶ֡
Ҷһ仰û˵꣬ѾкüȭâŸͨͽâϮͲڡ

Ҷ̾˿һȭȥʱ鱦ȫ·ˣһ˺Ҷһȭֱ۶ˣҽһɳȥٿҶĿгľ
Ϊ˲¶ݣҶһȭûʹֻ֮Ȼȥˡ
ʲôˣȻǿ󣿡
Īǵҵˣ
磬˭˲֪湦޻Ҫǿ
ǰλүȻûʩչҵľͨĹȴѾˣǸе־塣
˭Ҫң
ҶʮȺһѹʮͨʿǿսЩ׹ߡ
ûԼҶâ˸ŻȥЩͨʿߺŸҼɱɼһɲҶжǿҡ
СӣͦקҾ͸棬·ɣ
ܲ͵һҶʵǿ̴˴ºóĴ㡣
ҶҲƽϣֱŻǰűһڵʥӼǿסȥ·
˿̣ûʲôν֮ͨսʥӼǿֱչֳԼһӽҶȥҪɱ
ҹ
Ҷɢ⣬üɱεıڷͨ£κס

ʥӼǿ߿ЦѿҶȻеаţǿ󣬵ȴֻͨʿѡ
ǿ˵һûվǷˣ޷࿹⡣
ৣ
˵䣬ڵʥӼǿһҶȥҪķʽҶɱ
Ȼ
ʼδһĻˣҶ֮ƽأ˿Ӱ죬գۼ㵽ߣͬһƳȥ
ž
ҶһƳǼһϣ㽫­ǳˣѪ쭡
һڵʥӼǿ߾ȻһͨڵʿһƳˣ
һĻ˶ˣ
һҶĿг˾
̫ˣ
֮࣬˲ؿҶͰǴҡڵ߽˹֮С


1527 ɱ
λү˭ѽôǿ
ܶ˶һֲʵĸоҶ̫ǿˣͨڶѣȻԽС罫ڵʥӼǿһķˣĲӬһ
ķɵʥӼǿ߸𾪣·ɵһ㣬ؿҶӰŻʧ
𾪵ԸӵʱҶͰѾǵâ˸ŻС
߽Ż֮ǰһƬƣҶҲ͸·ڻһ㡣
Ƭ̣ҶŰǴŻǰȻʣȻһɽȣﻨ㣬ԪǳŨڡ
ãŻǴ˵еġȫš
ͻȻһȥг˻ҡ
ҶѸתȴǵŻѾʧˣԼͰѾָĿǱһƥ׵ҰǣԼҲʧȥá

һЦһеȵ˳ԶĿԹؿҶ
ҶüѾϼɽˣҲ֪ʣˣһɱ֡
ЩŻֶȥ²ʲôνϹؾһɱ
ˣɱ޷ʹã
ǵһҡ
ղֲʱ¼ƣȴܿ챻ĥ޷˵ˡ
㵽׻ˡ
һĻһɽлصûκθ顣
ʲôˣʲôط
µͷҶ֪ԷһӴľ϶ԼȾƣһսˡ
ʲôطûҪ֪ǡɱˣ˵طˮãΪѡ֪֮⣿ĻһƮѲ˵
ϰף֪ʲôطΪʲôƶˣҶʶķʽʵ
֪
˵ǺȻһ𣬵ˣȻĳһλϴڵĵд棬κƶ޷£϶
֪ĳλĵ֮󣬰Ǹˣû뵽ĵط
Լ֪Լ£֮⣬ʵʵޣҲǿһЩѣ˹ͨĥ
޴ĶôϹؾڣȻǲ
һ˳ЦһһƽͣԶһɽϡ
ҶɽϣһĿˣתۣ˵ݣȻҵǿ壬˿̵Ժʱǿ˲٣һĳط
֮һжǵģ۱Ҳ⣡һ˴Ц֮ɫһɽۡ
Ҷ˫տȻܼҵǿΡ
ôΪУҲֵˣ
̤ղУеĳŪζȻҡ
Ҷı壬һݣǵԺڶǿХһУ
ХʵǽսҶҪսʤԷҲס
ҶһЩ˶ͬСɣߵһ𣬿ɶõֲܿϴеļ壬
Ͷɱʵûʲôɾ͸У֪λŰɱ˳ЦվԶɽδ
ȻǿƻɱûҪˣЩ˾㹻ˣЦҲݡ
ҶɫԤеδ²ôʥӼǿһ֣ǲһ˿ᡣ
Щôһ֣Ҫɱ¾ǵ۱ˣΪое۱ϢһԼʹõ۱Ȼһ۱
һ˲䣬ָӦ˵ˡˡʮˣ
Щ˽ǳδ¶棬ȴ޷ΣһеϢÿһ˶ǿޱȡ
ʮλʥӼǿߣȻЩδضĳЩʥصʥӣʵȴѾﵽʥĲΣһҲʥӲ
ʮλʥӼǿ߲´˾ɱһˣǿ濴ң
ҶվɽϣɨӰ˷ڷ趯â
Ժһһǿ춼ˣԺĿ˹żҵǿˣǲòذһЦ
ǶЩʲôˣҶüˡ

Ц֮ǣģͿġ
ܺã
ҶȻ˵Ѿ޳ۣɿ͸ǵʱܵ޾ɱ⣬Īѹ
˭Ҫɱңôһ֣ѵͲĿôҶɨܣȻ˵
ɱ˶ˣֻԼʶѣ
ԶһɽϴޱԹ
ҶתķȥȻ˾Ȼǹżǿ˹
Ҷʱ
ȥĳ޲˵ƾԼԺʯùôǰˣ֯ⳡɱ֡
ڱ򣬿ҲֻֻйżҲп֯ôӴɱ֣ôˡ
Ҷģӣ
Ѱ
ʥӼǿ߷׷׿ڣ֮⣬Ҷ񷬱
̣Ҫ˵Ҷһͨڵʿˣһ۷ǿҲᱻɱ
СӣЩ
תһȦֻ֮ˣûҵȥ·仰˵ﱻˣڽ⿪֮ǰκ˶޷
ɱңûôף
ҶȻ˵£·ûнʮλʥӼǿ߷һȴڸ߶Ƚ䱸
Ϊ
ԴһΣ
ʮλʥӼǿ߲ɱ֣ɱ֮ͬˡ
ǹûз飡
٣ͷ˻ڳʿ֮ϻˣְɣһǿҶƽ
ȻѾһǿ߶ĳʥصĳϣʵԶЩʥǿ
һڣʮλʥһǰûԸΪҶҵĵ۱ڣһõԼŻ߼嶼Ǿ޴ҲܺҴùϵ

ʱ
ҶߵͻȻѿһâɱֱ죡
ۣ
Ҷ絶â飬еѷ죬ֱӽеһʥӼǿΪ룬Ѫ籩һ
̣ҶǳƽûлͷһۣɱҹͿԣαزͷ¶βأ
˿ٱƵ˽ǰΧɱ⽣âһ鱦С
ѵûһҶԾ𣿡
ҶɨΧλʥӼǿߣŲ
ֻҪЩ˱ѡǾͿԸƣ




1528 
һʮλʥӼǿߣҶ˵ߣԿԳƵǰ޹ˡ
ৣ
һʮλʥӼǿ߾ԱɫǳӡҶûнǷ
ȻǶʥӼǿߣвǿߣҶʱȴûһս
ԭܼ򵥣ҶųƵԺһǿӣҵǿ춼ˣʵûҶ
ˣҲһɱɱҶˡ
ܹΪʥӼǿߣǶԼĽκСǣҶʱֽȴȻ޴档
ǹżǿ˹۱ĻҲһɱ֮ԸҶ
˭֪Ҷе۱һ쭣ûе۱ǣƵĻ˶ɡ
һ֮˵ôʲôֱɱҲˣڵ۱ĹɱپҲ٣
һʥسϼǿǰһһҶ֡
һʥӼǿҲ󣬷׷ٴǰƽʮλʥͬʱɱ⡣
Ҷп࣬ˣЩ˷ǳͲĻᡣ
СİﲻˣรɣӹµµתͼΧȦ
Щ˵ĿҶֻҪսЩӦòΪŶԣȳȥ֮취Ҷ
ಣ
˵꣬һ̵ȥܵıӶ죬ֱ֮زز
ͷˣ
һ߼Ҫӣνű׷ȥһ׷һк˶½ء
ȥүģҪ˭סǾʹ˱һ
һѾӿ񱼣һ߻ͷҶ˵ҶСסһ취ģ
Ҳ׷ǲٶ֮죬һ˻׷ϡ
׷ϱȥɣ
ٶ죬һ߽һȥ
ˣ
໡
ϧּųȥ׾ͱ˴˻˵ذвַʮֻ񶼷ɲȥ˵ˡ
浱ǲèˣ
߼ƻʧܣǴŭëըˣϳһϽɫȦΧȫǼĴ̣һǰһʥϼǿҧȥ
꣡
ǿһûˣڴҧһ۵죬ϵ
ޣģóԣ
һ߽һ߽Ȼûʲôͨʵȴǳǿ󣬼ܺʥصĳ϶൱ˡ
ͬʱһӰ´£ҶΧм䣬Ǳߵ׼һɱһ˿ߵĻᡣ
Ǿûһ˸ҵ𣿡
ҶʮλʥӼǿߣϴһ˿Ū֮ɫ
ڳÿһʥӶɫ˭ǶԻһ˿ӣ
֮ӣĿ𣬺ӹ
ǣʱȴûһǰǵûһѹҶ춼ܰˣοǡ
ȻʣҲûһеҶԾ˵ڵҶѾѹһ߷緶ˡ

ҶЦ൱񣬺ڷ裬硣
ֺ֮ΩҶţʵŭȴȻûһ˸֮ӣ档
ԭ˭ûнСŵҶȻ֪䣬Ѿɳ˿ֲĵزһѾûм˿֮ˣεı
ǵӳһ˭ܹڵʤҶ
벻
ϻһϣɱ
һڹƽһսаҶУҡ˵ġҶħֻҪҶһղΪԶͣͲǰ
䣡
ŹʮλʥӼǿͬʱ֣ȭâңݺᣬ鱦׷ҶȥһӽûһƬ۵â֮С
Ҷ߾ȫʩչȭÿһȭ·һ磬鱦˽â
ɱ
һʥسֳһƽݺҶͷȥɱ죬ҪҶС
飡
Ҷʩչ߰˼鱦һȭƽȥȭͷɫ֮·һСζ
ϣ
Ҷһȭ˻ƽȭͷͻƽײһ𣬷

ʱХһһȭҶĺȥȭâ̫һҫۡ
飡
ҶʵʵһȭЩѪôʥӼǿߵΧ£ܼôѾΪˡ
ɱңǵøۣ
һʱ䣬ҶվɱɢֲĳҲϺرʩչ£кüʥӼǿ߲㱻Լı˵һʱ˸æңһ㴭Ϣ֮
Ȼ
ЩʥسϼǿȴǳѲʵǿչƵҶòʩչܱͨǵ֮ڿƶһͣ٣ȻᱻȺ

ҶڷѪԨǳһ׼ƴˣӲȥ
Զżҵһλֳֵ۱ҶͻȻ۱ɱķ
Ҫ֪ԴѾ߾ǿˣȴе۱һκ⡣
ɱ
Ҷ깲ֱ꣬һʥӼǿ׵壬ʱöʧ
սһɲǣǶݵʧҲעˣҶ乥ɱȥ˿͵Ϯ
飡
ʥӼǿ߱Ҷһȭؿڣҽһյɳȥûأ˱类ݺһӵĴһѿ

һɵĹ˵ǳֵԶȥû뵽һ棬Լ㱻ٵˡ
ܣ
ҶüѿһɫСӡӭ󣬻ӡһӽ˵ĥˡ
ֶһס˲ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ô˵Χ£ҶȻܿϮɱһˡ
Ҫ֪ȻʶȻܹΧɱҶʵӦúڲ֮䣬ܶʥӼǿʶĵһ
ɱһҪɱѾǿ֮ĩˣ
һʥӼǿһҶȥâնա
Ҷ˫Ŀ磬˴˵ĿȻɸżбϴٹҫ
ˣҶ뵽Լõսʱһһȭ鵶â̧ץȥ
䣡
һ죬Ϲâ˸һɫ·ס˵޷
Ҳͬͬ⣬ѰǴߵģһԶĶ࣡ҫҲΣ¶ĿҶɱ
飡
ʮλʥӼǿߺһӽҶڿУѪɽ漫ҡ

дҶͳţѪؾۣҶٴһԶǧ֮⡣
໡
һߣǱʥسϼǿߴòҽѪܵģһëѪȾˡ
̵Ҳס㱻ˡ
ҶСӣˣ
һӦսһߺ״̬ޱȡ
˿̱˵ҶԼҲѱˣʮλʥӼǿ߻һ𣬼۷ǿҲ˱ܣο




1529 ɱһѪ·
һĵĹ涨һۣһǿ߲ø棡
涨Ϊ˱һţһǿ߳ڸĿĶɱš
Ȼ
һΧɱһȴڹ涨֮ڣҲҶվ
ʮλʥӼǿϮЩ˵ʵ٣ֱǾɱûĻҶɡ
̤֮·ΣյһΣôǱĽ֣ǿҲûã̫ˣҲ
ʯ䣬ҶѾֱλʥӼǿ߽֣ǿɱһˣҲһΣ˵òʧ
Ҷıٴģޱȣ۷ǿҲһΣɼսôҡ
ҶģȻ鴫ѹֺųһһ˵춼УȻЩֶΡ
һۣĿΰĿҶһ˵
Ѫ£ӲûĶ֡
һҶֹǿ߲޼ɵ˵
ղҶһȭӶˣĻ˿վ
Σձλһ֣ɱţϳ˾֮⣬
״񣬲ϵĹŶ˳֣ȴں档
ϴһսѾ־Ҷֻ˽ɱҶ
˵Ҳǣɱҹζ࣡
սٴοʼղŵ֮ЩʥӼǿѾ֪ҶǿᣬսĻᣬȫԶһʱҶ˾Ա
ͿرʩչҶʥ̥Իһһ㣬أһʩչȭÿһȭһѪѪȶҡ
̶һӣҶѾɱ˺üΣÿһζԷʹ֮帴ˡ
ʿ˵Ҫģһ˱ɱһλֻܸҪû¾УεĻһԴľǱˡ
Ȼ
ҶȴɣѾ߰˴ˣÿζܿٻظȻɫԽԽ԰ףѪʢ಻ֱǲܵġ
һĻɫֱ˿ԼҶ֮жѹԼôҡ
գҶҲܣ޸ҪĴ֮ͱԴģ߰˴ΣıԴ˺εĻˡ
ˣҶıҲЩʥӼǿǳˣһһߣ˵ֱʰĴڡ
ҶֵԽޣЩɱľıԽǿ˶֪һҶߣǼǵĩյˡ
ǾνҲҪҶնɱڴˣ뿪
ŭˣŭˣ
β㱻ɱǳ˷ŭëȻ䣬ǧɱ⽫ʥسϼǿ߱ˣҶеҶСӣƴıԴΪһܲܰסͿˡ
~
˵ţǿһſһ챾Դһɿֲĺ֮ˣüʥسϼǿ߼æˡ
ţǶý֮һ˫צвϿ̻ÿһ··һ
ɲǼ䣬ͼͣһҵĹâͨ쳹أӲǱ֮ɲǼֲܲš
ãɱǣ
һϼǿ߲Ŀֲʱ󺧣һеҶ֣Ҫ׽֮ǰɱ
Ҳ˲һ֣Ƕκⷢһβôһ֣ܽҶɱڴˣǵĩҲ͵ˡ
ЩҲģΪǲûĿ֣żҶҲԲ֪ҲεĿɱ
ǲ֪ǣҶѾ޳ۣǵһαװͽ͵ģҶͿǵĿֻǿڲܵƶѡ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻҪƣɱҲɱˣһ·˼׶ѣǵǵݣҶͲܶɱˣϾЩվһӴ
ԺȻԼĵӺܻӣҲΪҶôӴԺЩӴҲ൱ɵ
һˣЩ˿϶᲻ݣԺ;۱Ҳδܱ
ɱ
Χɱ졣
͡
ҶһѪб䣬ом˲٣ʵ൱ֲ
ʮλʥӼǿһ֣ɱ޹⣬ҶشαɣѪ졣
ʵϣҶͲܵסôǿߵĹͬɱϾЩһ֮ӡ
ֵܹ֮ڣһҪԭ깲ͿرʩչЩ˵Ĺ׷ǲ˫ܿµһ
򲻵ѣЩӲֻҪгͬʱͻشü
ꡪ
ͻȻͻȻһըһ׻ƿռ䣬ݺݵҶǰԶʱʥӼǿ߱УɲǼ仯Ϊ˽ٻҡ
䣡
׺ڵϵͼرͼһ˸ŴĿĹâ
䡭
ڰǵ£һˮͰϸײϵĺͼĵطض
ৣ
ҫһѰʦǿǿɫһ䣬ǶƵ̫ˣĵطͼĵطһ俪漴ܱ
ȻˣҲ̫ģΪҶԽսҲͬԣ֮Բͼǲϣκⷢ
ǵϢԽԽ׵ȴԽԽǿȻƴˣֶֽβصʱ̾׶ã𺦼
һŵ׺ڵϵͬһλãڽͼ俪һ϶˶ǵĽֶξˣһʱ侹ȻûжҶٽй
ڣ
ǴһΪҶɨϰʮʥӼǿߺʥӳϼǿߺļɹ
ЩֲҶԿֻĶӣף֮ܶԿܻܿԼ١
ǧѷĻᣬҶ֪ܷӳͿһˣץסλƿ˵صķɡ
һ̣Ҷ˶㣬Ժ˲両ֳڵһʦõһֽ
Ҷ˫Ӷһ⣬һصķţգۼ¡
ţض·ɽһ㣬һɽѿ޴ķ϶һγɵɱ籡һӽʥӼǿ߾УɲǼ仯Ϊ˽ٻҡ
ط·ڵĿˮһ㣬϶´ݻͼֱӽʮλʥַĿռˡ

ҶֱӽսռУˣԼʩչ׷ǲһȥ
׷
ˣ
ס
ʣµԼżæ׷ϣһʥӳϼǿֱչԼͼҶ¡
䣡
Ҷͣʩչͨգۼ㵽ǿǰϽɫȭͷ֮һȭǿߴˡ
ѪһҶһͣ
գɱΧŲ׷ǲһ·Զ
һ֮սʮλʥӣҶδȥڰǵİӲɱһѪ·
һսעҪ£һ٣עҪ£


1530 ׷
ѰȷһָȫµĻڴۿ
ҶýֱõƵеķŰǳ˰ΧȦһ·Զݡ
׷
ɫ࣬Լĵ۱Ʒһ׷ȥ
ҫХҲʩչԼٶ׷ȥ
Ȼ
ǵٶȸûҶ׷ǲᲢۣ׷ǲ֮Ա֮Ϊ¼٣ûеġ
¼ûʲôٶܱ׷ǲˣҶڻȫӳ׷ǲٶҲ׷ϵġ
ҶģӲˣⷽԲﶼ˴նܣ󷽣ҵһλϼǿߺ˵
ҡҡܼҡżҡƼ嶼гϼǿߵ׷ᣬҪҶڴˡ
ǵٶȷǳ죬Ҷ׷ǲûȫ޷ӳ¼٣ǵľһһ̡
ȥҪ˶þͻᱻ׷ˣҶѾŲ·ֻſԶݣ򶼲ˡ
ৣ
Ҷһһ˲Ϣʮգ۾ͽ˦Ӱˣ׷ǲһչӵ¼١
Ȼ
λϼǿ񣬼û¼ٵ׷ǲٶͬÿһ嶼ԼĲȻȲ׷ǲȫʩչĻٶȻǺܿġ
~
ǰӿǦīǹ죬һȥһͻᱻٵɵ
ƣ
Ҷһ۱ϳ˵ܲƣǰ·һסٶȽٱⲻ˱׷ϡ
ѵҪﲻɣ
ҶˣǶýֶΣƴΪȡһ
ڴʱһֱĬͻȻ˵׷ǲ¼٣ӦܹƶӰ죬Ǿ۵׿˵ģ㲻ԡ
ߣûôףɣ
ʱһд
ĺܾȣôǿߵΧ£㾹Ȼӵֱ˼顣һг˲š
ҶСӣ־ܰɣܼǿƣӲġ
ܼҳϼǿ߿ЦһҶĺȥ
ʱ˫ۻףǳҵĵâȻͻ˿ռƣգۼ㵽Ҷ
ɱ⣬ҶëȻɵһȭȥâɢˣһҧ֮С
Ѿûбİ취ˣֻðճԣܳȥĻã岻ȥҲֻˣ߶õ۱ȫɱ
ڶõ۱Ļżҵϼǿ߿϶ͬ߶۱һ۱ײĻżҵ۱Ҳѣ޷ͬҲ·һ
ǲ󣡡
Ҷ˫۱ǿâϸ۲죬ȻδͨƣͰһôʱ䣬ĿȾ£ٻһ۹ġ
׵ľЩϼǿ˵ͲʲôգۼҶ˿ֻͣðһ
ৣ
Ҷûе飬ֱӻһ̣ûС
ӣűɣλǸڴɭɭĿڡ
ţ
һ̣¶һı飡
ΪҶӰ죬һһٴУ֮
ʲô
ôܣ
󷽼ϼǿһŴͣŵĿҶڴпٴУ޴ĹȻ޷赲ĽŲ
ô˽ƶˣȻûκЧ
ɱ죬һâʺһ㣬ȴҪĹâÿһâһϾֱӽ˶
ȻҶȴƽأͲӰ죬ɱдУЩɱ·ܿһ
Ҷпϲõ׷ǲҲһʱˣЩû¾͸׷ǲеְأȻֻʮ֮ٶѾͬ޵ˡ
һγԣ׷ǲǿ󣬾Ȼɹˣδ裬һ·˹ȥϲޱȣ׷ǲĸһ㡣
׷ǲ¼٣ݼأܹ׷ǲ£ժ׽£ããжߡ
ȻˣڵЩ̫ңԶһܹɹ˷ܡ
Ҳǲ󣬲ڰӵˮƽһ룬ؽɱͲܴȥ
ܽͨ͸ºδȥãҶ޸п
׷ǲ£ɱҲƽأ죬µģ˿裬ͨ費סɱá
ৣ
Ȼһ˳һͨ۷ǿߣֳһ˷컭ꪣֱҶն

Ҷδ˱ܣȻһսԴأЩһͨ۷ʿֱӻӶϽɫȭͷҹȥ
ϣ
ͨ۷鱦컭ľһ㲻һҶͽһȭ촷ۣ׹Уɢ

ͨ۷ǿһҽУҶһȭ飬ѪѪ֮д˹ȥͣһ
һ
ڹ֮У˸ͲҺҶ档
ҲûףΪʲôҶɱܹƽأڴսôΪλ˿ֲս
һеһУҲֻܵȥˣ궼ҶĨɱˡ
ʱ䲻Ҷ˹ؼգǺȫֲĲϼǿҲ׷
ǲµɱȻṥǣҶѾˣֻҪǾ̫Զ׷ϡ
ҶСҿӣ
żҵǿ޲̽Ҷ¡
ѨѾ֪ˣҶõȻǵĵӿһ٣ܵˣ
һҪҶѪϴˢǵĳ裡
Ǽϰӣ粻й涨һۣһ˲ò֣ڹȻƹ涨Ͳ±ַ𣿡Ҷһ߿Ӷһʵ
Сӣǲһġ˵ˣֻҪˣ˭֪ģɣżǿҧгݡ
ҶСӣˣܼҺҵλǿҲţͼɢҶעٶ
׷ڣҲ𾪣ҶֱǸսôãһͺľˣȴûһ
ȻҺԻңǾ͸Űɣ
ҶһҧϧķѱԴҲҪ˦ǣᱻ׷ϣʱԼˡ
뵽Ҷٴ٣ˣʮѨе̥һŭԴԴϵΪṩ
ҶÿһҪʯԪתΪϴ֮⣬ȫΪʮѨ̬ӰС
б׾ȻҶÿһν׶ǳѣķѵʯҲզ࣬ҲԶͨʿӻ
Զλϼǿ߷ŭ׷ȼһλһðնһƬͨ죬޾Ĺâ׷
ҶĲ޾Ѫһǵضǿߵٶһء
Ȼȼ濴ңҶΪƣĶҲΡ
ȼӸƴˣ˭ٶȿ죡Ҷһҧֱȼ֮
䣡
Ҷȫ·ȼһԶʱ˲֫ϱ۵ǿߵӰٶҲֱһء
ಣ
һһգ۾ûӰӣ쵽˼飬޷׽켣




1531 
ȼҶٶȴﵽ˼£˲Ϣֱӽ˦ûӰˣ׷û׷
ĿҶԶȥ֮󣬼ǿ磬һôһ֣վȻҶӵˡ
һԺ׷ɴСǲòʼƺˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶоԼҪ˲һƬçɽֱԵСϪͣ
ȼ״̬ҶֱͦͦԵСϪлԹȥ
Ϫˮ壬ÿһϸ̰ˮֺӪ
һδս̫ˣϵģҪǱԴ̫࣬ڴ֮ɺԣϵǰˡ
ɵӡЩ飬Сһ룬̥Ҳޱȡ
˵ʷѵһս
ǰԽֶιףסͼĻһ׶༪١
ͬģҲأ˿ռˣҶռдŴʯжʮʮ
һ¿ɱǲϵգֱӱʳʯָ
ڵռΨҶԿ֮⣬κ˶޷
죬´ʯ֮𽥸ԭˣʵ֮ǰǿһЩ
˵СɱˣҪ˵Ļɾ͵ùˡռа
ҶˣˣɾռгȥˣɲҪĽ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶСϪһСˮ̶ϴһѪۡ
һɾ·֮ҶǷųо˰Ҳ֪Լ
򱾾ǵعϡʮﲻҲûУʧ˷Ҳ֪˿ʲôط
СҶӣˣȥҰζ伢
о˰Ҳûн̲ס
ҶҲǼꤡ
Ȼ˵ʿԳʱ䲻ýʳһս֮ĵأҪһˡ
ڰ֮ǰı֣ô˵һҶҲûиƽϣϿ׼Ѱ
ţ
ʱͻȻıͻȻһ⶯ವһǰɭУ
ͬʱҶҲˣɭƺһİƮҩζ
ǣʲôã̫̰ˣ
ҶҲٸ˽ȥڱຮ֮أΧçɽѾǳˣ°ʲôΣա
һƬԭʼ֣죬ٴһƬȻľҶΪǵ
ǰʮҶͻȻоԾƬɭ̫žˣ˵Ұ޺ˣ涼ûУһƬš
йŹ֣
Ҳͣһ⶯һɻܹ۲죬ȴʲôҲûУС涼

ҶʩչѰ˫â۲ƬɭֵĵƵòϣܿʲô
ȻҶ˰죬ȴûзκ쳣·һƬɭֻ֣ûȸҰ޶ѡ
ǻ˳ȥ˵ɣôоﲻԾ
еˣһ߻ܲ鿴һ׼ߣƬɭֲܴˡ
ҶҲͷͬ⣬ĵطֻֿܣһмǿޣϢﲻҿ
ڶֿܾһƬأܿڽصĴڡ
ǵһֿܵĻãƾҶͰʵֻҪ̫ǿ޶ܹӦҲߡ
ǵڶֿܣǺпѾݾˣؿɲô׽ġ
ţ
ҶͻȻв֪ʲôʱ˵ЩԽԽŨܹʿߡ
ˣû·ˣ
ǲҽһ˻
Ҷ󾪣ȥȻֺ󷽵ֲ֪ʲôʱȻʧˣһƬ緭
⡭
ҶĿֻ࣬ǰˣͺ·Ƭɭʵ̫аˣһһ㡣
ȱô࣬Ū㶫ԣҪҲȳԱ˲ǿǶˣҶŪԵġ
һֻ϶ûУҪ˵Ұ֮ˣҪҰζܡ
ɭеЩҰЩҰһɫޱȣҶȫʶ
ɫԽ޶ԾԽĶɣҶҲðճЩҰȻǿ󣬾жĹʵҲܱԱƳҲԸðա
ĿռлһЩ޵ʬ壬Щʬ̺ž˵ḯñʣóһСˮ̶ϴһ
ɭУȼϵǲܿҶѰһѸɲ˫һ꣬һ潫ɲȼˡ
бƮζʳָ󶯡
ıһ֮Ҷʼˣ˻ȥǲˣһֱǰ룬˭֪ߵʲôطȥɭаŵĺܡ
Ȼʱ֣ƬɭȴһƬɭҶеޱߵѹֺĺ⡣
һ紵Ҷɳɳ죬ΪƬɭ˹ĸоǻëըˡ
ŵɽûа˿죬ȻľʢȴûκҰ޺ХûȸڣԵİıơ
ɭ޹⣬ƺйӰأɭɭ˲
ǰ߰˵Ƶٺ;֮⣬ҶԾûпκλһֻûС
ǡ
һವһܹȥ֮ڲݴкһ߰׹ǣĳִͷ޵ĺǡ
Ȼûޣôһ޵ĺǣ
ǲôצһ߰ѸĺһҡͷԵ˵
кǾ˵һ󣡡
һ·ϣҶù۵鿴ĵεòȻȴûκη֣ѰеļأͲӦóɭ֣ôһƬɭ֡
δǺ֪ΪģȻдǾ˵ǰ϶Σմڡ
˵ͻȻһʧе֪ʲôطˣ۰鷳ˡ
ʲôط
Ҷһһէһ߹ʵ
һص˵ұӡļ䣬пǴ˵е֣
֮ǰһʥǿߣ⣬߷ӡˣΪ轵ҲǸʶ֡
ӡļҲɶһЩܹϳ⴦ɭ֡
հ˵ڱӡ֮ǰᵽ֣˵һаĵط
ָͲɭ֣׻ûҲ˵
˵ƶģһʲôطһʥ˴룬Ǳɡ
֣Զ൱˽⡣
ʱ򣬰׷ߣ˵¡
ǸʱѾǳǿˣһʮؿռ䣬ټų˳
أµľյ֮ߵҲãһ˽ˡ
µֻƬƲ⣬൱аţǲˣΪ޷ͷû·ˣֻһֱǰһ
ȻˣҵߵµĺۼĻ͸ˣΪҶõߵĴУ²ˡ




1532 
Уɭ⣡
ûκļ󣬳˵賤ٺͲ֮⣬СϣﵽʲôûС
ҶǶֵĽ֮Ķˣһ취ҲûУֻ֮֮һһˡ
һһСǰУ֮ܿͱɫ֣Ϊޣûκ·ֻһһǰ
֣ԵɭµţѹֵҪг
ǰ˴ԼʮͻȻһ羪װ죬ҶǵĶ𣬰һͻȻĵԺ
̫ͻȻˡ
Ǿٵɭ֣ҶǰһѪɫٲŨѪζŻ
ٲߣҲͶףٲ·һѪأȫʺѪˮɢſֲϢ
ȻѪɫٲϢҲ
ǽǲѣ»ʲôõ顣
Уκη˼鶼п֣ܳһֹĵطܻᷢʲôʡ
֣ŨѪζôŵһҩζ
ǵı飬ŨѪζԾɷֱ˵
ǡ
ɫһ䣬һ˫ɫĹâѪпȥ
ҶҲһ˿ҩζøⲻ˼飬ֹطҩɣ
˼çɽеȷпܻҩڣЩҩмǿػһ˸Ͳժ֡
ɭ֡
ɭȴ֣£ֹطҪǻҩŹˣҲħҩ֮ǵ٣¼ɾ͵
ѪصһɫѪǰãһ˻淢ֲˡ
˹ˣֹطȻѪĪҲ׻ûĲɣСֹһڿˮ
ҩûʲôֻҪ֣϶ҪŪ֣ɱŹ
ѪŵѪȴǳɵȥժ
һж̫аˣǻǲҪҶĺãֱǰߣܷ񴳳ȥ
ҶѪ൱ɵҩҲҲժ»ʲô벻ı仯
⡭
ʱǰͻȻһ̶ţһȺȸǵذ㣬£
ȸʵľÿһֻӥСҳޱأȻͷȸ治֪Ϊ໹ǹΪࡣ
ö𰡣
Ǿ̾ͻȻعеԣⲻ⾿ʲô
˵䣬ֻͷǵذҶͰ˹з̶ļУ·ӲĦһ㣬˸ⲻ
ͷ˫ĿѪ죬¶ɭɭ⣬ΪµٽʱÿһͷһʴԼǿĺɫҺܸʴ
ҶһֵĸоûЩͷϸо˿Щһ㡣
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ء
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浱Ǻ۸ˣбۿҶӦԡ
򣡡
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ۡ
ǱֵķΧЩ½һžĵüı飬ط
⡭ʲô湦
ǲҧԼͷȫԴģͨӵĪ
ҶȻӸֻͷطû˵϶һ
ϻȰЩɵ˵
ҶܼĹȺ̧֣ȥ
ʱ䣬һɫľ޴ƽ·ݺ
ۣ
ѪɣǧֻͷҶһɱɢָˣţҶٴʩչ깲һ
Ҳʾϣͬʱһ챾Դӵңȥͷɱ
ҶɱɢֺȭƬ̹Щͷ㱻ɱ
ͣ͡
Ҷָһâʣļֻͷȴû˵ǵ
ৣ
Ҷһ֣һͷûͷУϸ۲ҪŪôͷ񾿾ô¡
ԭһûУܻԵ޹ʵĶôⶫ϶ġ
֨֨
סĹôӳҶģ
ϸ۲죬Ҷ֣Щûа˿񣬶е壬˴˵еĽʬ
ܲ˵һｫԤʾŸΣգǰиΪǿĶš
磬ͷϮ·һѶţɥӡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ȻѾǲˣǰʲôǶҪԡҶǺĵģϾĵơ
һõ۱ʲô֣ʲô׻ͳͳܻɱʲô׻ܵס۱һ
ɱͷҶŰǼǰУһͷԾɵѪеѪ
Ѫ޾Ѫ۶ɵģ֮Ԫ޶ϼһǵ̫ϧˡ
ҴסҪҪĻ㾡ȥժҾţҲָһȥ㡣
ҶĴ˰ǵͷĶǳаţܲҪһĺ
ǰʮһƬľϡҶϢһ£Ұ㿪һʲôµĻҲǰ׼
ȥʲôط˵䣬ڿն߿շȥ
໡ʹˣ
һɳİǣոճ嵽Ըٶȵͨһˤ˸ʳһࡣ
ô£Ҷеʵ
ģϿнƣͲϷУֻܴﵽҾǼˣ޷ø߿չ۲Ρײ˸۵죬ϵš
Ҷһʯͷ߿˦ȥʯͷһգۼ䵽ңһѿȻûгϡ
໺𡭡
ʱһͳǰϡܳһֻޡ
ͷԽ׸ߣһɶ೤ƬһԺɫĳ״ʨͷһɫķƣһ˫۾ͷһǳɫ˸ԹĹâ
˻
ҶһͷȻͬûȴڵʵֲֿϢ޷صġ
ޣô
Ǵһĵ
ޣһֲֿʵǿ󣬿˵һһѪ⣬Ҳͨкڵʵ
ͷѾ׻ҲڵʵҶֶδܻɱ




1533 
һǹ
ޣ޾Ƕһ
죬ֻ൱аţٶȺܿ죬ֻ֪ɱ¾
Ѱǲɼģһ㶼ɳ־ء
ǵһɲǱԵ٣ΪϲݣҪٵ
Ҳ˵γжѣγҲ޷ȹ٣ɢڳֻڻԵɺ²ܱܹϲԵ
ͷޱǶȹٶһ֣ΪմȾٵϢһ׻ѾһЩֿν亱
໺𡭡
ٴһ˫һչҶһڹ罣âһֱҶüġ
Ҷ
ҶһʩչȭһȭǴһֱӽڹˡ
ϣ
ڹɢһɲǣҶȭͷ΢΢һ𣬾ȻһСףϽɫѪ
ʴ
Ҷһڹ̺ſֲĸʴȻһСףָʴȴڸʴѪ
¡¡
Ҷ𣬴֮ٽһ㸯ʴƳȥ˿ڹâһֱӸԭˡ
ʱͷѾ嵽Ҷߣһ˫ĴצҶؿץͬʱϵĺɫҲҶȥ
ħͨʿһմȾֱӾͻᱻճɻҽ¶ȼֲ
Ҷȴںжȥ磬ٵ壬ħơ
ϡ
һҶͷֱⲫ޵Ҳ൱ֲܹвҶǿڡ
ۣ
Ҷʩչȭں˰ȭȭ⣬߱ǹǹ⣬ǿһȭֱӽ޵İӺˡ
һҲüĵɫƻУֱˣսνҡ
ʧһۣҶüͷûһ£̶ֳȵƶ˵ʲô
ɱ
Ҷ˪ȭٸ֣һӽ޵Դˡ
ˢ
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ʱһ䶯УҲԵøǿˡ
Ȼǣȴǻҵģֻ֪ܵɱ¾߱˼ֻ֮߱ıܣĶûС
ǻۣ۵ȷǳǿˣЩͷǿ̫ˡ
һԿľҲǼǿĴڣǶֲ֪۲ֻ֪ɱ¾ܵĹӡ
Ҷ˺£Ҳ˶־һȻ󣬺޲£һ׹ܹȥһҧס޵Ĳӡ
໺𡭡
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ҶΣգһֱӳȥһ޵Դϣʱһ֮
ҶѣѪ죬ȴûܽ޵ԴѣɼһͷжôӲ
໡
޿һתҶȥûСһ¿Զ
ղһͱͷ޵Ĵצ˵һ亹֮ǰýֶ˵ıԴ˿ҲǱ
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䣡
Ҷֱȼֽ꣬Ȼͬڴ֮к±һɿֲ
飡
Ҷһȭ޴úɳȥ
ţҶ׷ǲ總֮׷ȥȭϺΧֶ챻ݲеĲˡ
ɫȼգϵʯͷյըˣ¶ȼֲüɫƼһֲĹâ
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ɣ
ҶһȣƱǣħϢʥаϢ̫״Χߡ
ͷȻûʲôǻۣǶΣյıܻеģ˿̵ҶһĿ־壬ˡ
ҶԸ
׷ǲʵսҶٶȿ磬·дһ㣬ͲߵĻᡣ
ͬʱҲΧ̻̿һ󣬽˵ȫˣֻҪȥﵽ²ǿ뿪
Ȼ
޸Ͳ߱Ҷ£Щסˡ
ڴʱҶһ򣡡
깲һɱǶǾЧ
޻һüĵɫƲѣͷϳһ˺ۣںɫѪҺ

ҶһУһݺϳȥ
飡
â䣬ɢҲٴαˡ
䣡
޻ȼ˺ɫĻ棬ƺһ˿ϢҶﲻ
ϾȻдϢȻȴܴࡣ
ҶһֱӳȥһУһɫķĳУüĵǸġ
ޱ֮ľȻ˿ҶС
ôϢʲô
Ǵ費һҧҶϡ
ףǶأһɵҶʵ
ǣ죡
Ҷһֱۣ˦ҲǳȣɫƾȻûУȻ֪λãȴˡ
ǡ
ҲƣʱСϽĵۣġԴĵۣǳ󣡡
ʲôҶȻ֪Լʱܹ۵һȭʮӡ
ֻϧ龰ֻżȻ²ܴе۵һȭƿأɱͷҲ˳ˡ
ɱ޺ȴõۡ
ã
Ҷдϲֱڵϣʼöơ




1534 
شɣЩɱʿ׽ġ̵Ϊʿǿĵƣ
ҲЩӵĳֵۣʿܱȵġ
УҶɱͷޣɹɹһ٣ġĵۣγΪǿķơ
˿̣ȴҶõˣڲϵ֮Ϊһ壡
ʵϣҶһֱһĵֻۣ޷նѣ۷·һ㡣
ֻľʱпܴе۵ĹƽԽǿⷴԽ򲻳
Ҷöĵʱ򣬰һöҲǳǡ
Ȼʵûлָ۹ȴǳ֪öǺöϧѾҶõ۲û취
۲Ķᣬһõ޷ˣڽҶɱҲòˡ
֮۲ʧصṹɵġ
ɵģ֮ͨ췣ĿҲϿɣܹʹõۣȴ޷ٵס
Ҷνǳң޻û֮ǰ˷ƵĻ޼ǲġ
˿̣Ҷ񼸺ȫ뵽öˣö൱񣬷ǳԣҶ˺ܴǿѱ
֮£öƻԭһɫĵۣ·һһҶľζչڵ̥޷ֱ˴ˡ

Ҷһѱöƣķ̫ƣ
ﲻϢĵطڤһָĵ
սҲЩԲС̥֮Ҳ黯
õĺôٰɣòһЩĶʮ˿ƷʯɡǶζ״ʨӴſڡ
ĶĶȥ
Ҷֱ˰ǵҪ󣬶һռС
ʱҶͻأĳ֣ŭǣҹ
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ʲô£ʯأҵʯһӸɵȻʲô£
ҶһЩʯΪ˳ͨ۷׼ģһ¾ð̵ۣܲ
ɱûģΪ˾˱ԴЩʯҸԭأʵö֪ɣдʡ
ҶԶԣ˵Ҳеýֶνͼ俪һ϶ĻͲӳ

Ҷڨڨ˵һ䣬ȻֱʧٴνռС
Ҫʱָ궼ûָһ£ΣյĻܿӦˡ
УҶڤ룬ʼʯԻָʵ
Ҷһ龰ǳֲʯŨԪˮ
Ҷë׶ſˣƴԪɢŽɫĹâһˮһ֮
ϵʯɺԵ𽥻ָţ̥ɣ̵ۣʮѨе̥ӰҲʵš
һǳ׳۵Ḷ́ϧû˿Ҷзĺ̥ӰϺХ
ʯҶŸо㣬ʵָ۷壬еİ˲ûȫȬٴʩչ
εп࣬սʵһЩͻƣԾûдﵽͨ۷塣
Ҳ֮УﵽͨÿһͻƶҪһʵ˾ͻͻơ
ܹͨؼĸԪصӱ˵Ѿ˵ķ룬Ҳֵͨ
ÿһСͻƶҪشС
εΣԼʵһʶͬ£ǵӲпܺ棬˸Ͳ÷ϡ
ȻıͨʿʱҲвοЩΧЩʵϲ
ҪͻƵУ
ΣҶ衣
ѾҲԶˣִ󻷾£ܷ׷׳ʵĻܻܿᱻ̭
ΪҵĸףΪ˾ȻڵϵȴԼԼǿ
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ǵǳµأԴ֮ͺ˼һһֱӰûκϢ
Ҷţ۾Բϣ˵ʲôܹøãôʳµ˾һ
ҶãڽµһΪԼľУûκֻ֤һֱֱܵ
ӵ磬ݳһֱҶȷµѾȥܻܿٴ
ʣԣµ˿ĻǸͨȨıܻ֮ķˮŽйˡ
̾˿Ҷʰ黳һ߳ռ䣬ЩΪʱ磬ܴܲгȥ˵ء
ָʵҶŰǼǰнͬʱ⶯ӣܷѰߵһЩۼ
ѣϾ߾ڹȥ̫õ£кۼҲѱˡ
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ǿһǰããɭ֣һ䡣
Уµľޱ޼ʵǳֲһ룬˾ͻʧУͲ֪εء
û·֮ǰսĵطѾһƬޣֻðǰ
ˣ
߽֮УҶ͸оʲôȴǿˡ
ʲô
Ҷ˵˫䣬Χ鿴
ȻΧ˰ãã֮⣬ʲôҲûУûָղŹľʲô
пҪ
ǲ²⣬˵УʵѶԸֻܱ֮
ȻˣߵУЩ˲оͳ˿񱩵֮Ǹ޶ĿǣҲ׹
ҶţϢ֮ȱ鲼ȫɫǰߡ
һ·ϣҲûʲôĶܱ֮ˡ
׻Ҳ֮գ֮˵ǽɵĴڣǲóȻ
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ʯͷֳһֹĺɫ·걻Ѭһ㡣
ҶͰͬʱһ㶣ҶɽиܵŨĻԪ
ʲôطҶֹĻԪ̫ˡ
ѵµĺۼ
ҲУȻǲܵģµӦϢŶԡ




1535 ۵
һɽȣݲĿ̺ŨĻԪء
СɽУ·𱻳Ѭһ㣬ʯͷǹĺɫЩѾˡ
ҶĲЩطʯͷȻճ״̫·ŹĹâ
Ҫߵ¶Ȳ
ҶпЩʯͷͨʯͷһĻ޷գ˵ճˡ
еǣɭҶֳĺɫҲȫϵãҶֲֳ棬ÿһֲ涼·𱻸¿ľһγϺɫצ״צ
Ҹоǳͷûʲô£ǻǾȥɣЩë
š
ҶҲΪȻطܿĳֺǿĹϳҺܹܿݻԪصġ
˵һܹʹԪͨĶޣҶʵѰֹޣΪǱͽʬࡣ
ǰֻ˵֮󣬻ǲɢ˵֮γɽʬû뵽Ҳɽʬ
֮ǰɱĹǽʬˣӵǹǷǳǿ
ҶͰǼƬСɽȵʱ򣬶ͻȻһĺণͶһƬӰҶ̧ͷһۣʱпࡣ
ͷϿգҶһͷӴľͻ˻צ˸ŽĹâһͲǺǵĽɫ
䣡
ٴηһУſһҶͰǾȥ¶֮ߣԶҶܵһոС
ģǺ
һæʩչ׷ǲӶݣҲܵпֲĻ֮
ͷͻ˫۵ĳɫҵӣҲǺһֻ֪ɱ¾Ķ
ʵ̫аţôĹ⻹ô򣿡
һ߿Ӷһ
ৣ
ҶֱһƵȥҲҪɱΪڻ׵ĸҲһɫķƣüĵķķǳƣͬһ͵ġ
ҪôëɫףҪôǻ죬ͷ׾Ȼǻɫģͷһɫ֮⣬ֻ۾Ǻɫġ
ϣ
һ죬âնڻ׵צϣһǣûκֲֻļһצӿ鱦Ҷǳ⡣
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ƳﻢҶҪͷͻ׻ɱҲ뽫Ͱ˫ˡ
Ҷһȣ˫ֻһѲ֣һӵϢһ΢ĴɽҶС
ɽӴӡ
Ҷ˫ֱɽӴӡݺײȥҪӿײ
ƬǿĽƣͲܷϸ߿գͷͻȴӰ졣
Ҷܷ̫ߣͻȴûⷽš
ҶȻ뽫ⲫκˡ
飡
ͻؿڵķƼһɫĹâһӽҶеɽӴӡˣ񱩵Ҷײٴ˻صϡ
Ҷһʽͽ޹ûκֻ޴Ļף治֪ΪʲôǿĹ

ͻ׵ĹǷΧԵģÿһżֲĸ£涼ճҽ¶֮˷ָ
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Ȼʮ㣬Ȼϴðնýֶ˵˱ԴǷǳǿġ
˵˿Ҷľزй֮
ҶΨһʤĵط˶׷ǲ̶Ƿͨˡ
νʵǲٿԪؽйһ֣ҶͨǡǡǶκԪصĹͳͳߡ
Ҷγ뾡ͷף޷ҲȻȥҲܽͰǺ
ҽУҶʩչͨҵĸھ紦Զʧˣ˲
򣡡
Ҷһȣ깲һۿɱĹֱӻͷͻףһݵʧ
Ҷõᣡ
ֹУһ˲䣬ץסǧѷĻᣬҶйâһƷ׵ǹС
죡
Ҷֱʩչ߱ǹΪһһǹâ죬һ赲ܴ硣
һ֣Ҷֱӽе׵ǹȥ
׵ǹһգֱӶڻ׵Դϣӿд
ǵһȥҪ׸öơ
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Ҷϳ֣һקסǵβͣʩչקһȭ׵ĸ򴩣ɫķƷ·챦ʯһɢžĶǵĹâ
֣ǵͷҶҧȥҶæ֣չ׷ǲһöС
ʧƣͷ׾ҵһ黯ջɺʧˡ
̫ɶˣ
߲ѣǺöӦԼģҲ
ղų𣿻˼Ҫ㣬鶹ײˡҶ
񾭴Ͳ´̬ǿı̬ܿ
Ҷ仰˵ߣսϾǸ͵ģȻ˼ٸҶᡣ
˵һεľ飬ҶöƵٶȱ˲١
սǽңһ˶δôͷͻס
ɱͷǿĹĵۣҶ൱ġ
۶һʿ˵ǿĸڴﵽ֮ġĵ۾ͳÿʿ롣
ġµĵԽܹ࣬ӵԽЩΪʲô̧ܹ죬ѵأҪԭΪѾΪ
һЩʥǿ֮ôǿҲ͵еϵ
ΨġµĵԽܹ࣬ӳĹͻԽȫǳȵġ
֮ҶöҲˣһ֮󣬳ڵУ̥һ
Ҷŵһ£ʹָȻԺɵı㽫۱鲼ȭͷϡ
ȻûдȥҶȴҲףһȭĻȭǿһлҪǿ
ǵ۵ˣӶսʲôֵܵס
Ҷп֮ǰΧʱܹڵʵĻЩʥӼǿߵʧ
´Ҳһˣʲôô̲ţˣⲻ
Ҷö֮󣬰ߵ˵һθҶôûõȥ
ˣԹˣƷʯ԰ɣҶЦ˵

бۿҶһӲӥӡ
ڸҲûã˵ˣҵƷʯ֮ǰˣȳȥ֮ٸ㣬һѰŪƷʯӦûѡҶ˵
ҾһΣҪǸ˵ĻҾŹ㡣
Ƕζ״вҶһܿйˣطʵ̫аˣܲܳȥ˵
ܳȥô
ҶҲüͷ




1536 ̫
ʱۣճתʮȥˡ
ʮУҶǰδеĶս˶ΣҲ
ǸǲģڤʱɱһΣ߰Ƶ׻ĻĹˡ
ҲǰǵҶ׷ˣƺȼ̥꣬սڤɱٴλһöơ
ʮУʮ˳սÿһƬֵͻһͷǿĹ
һ⣬Щﶼûǵģֻɱ¾ıܣͬʬһ˱֮ʲôҲûʣ¡
Щﶼǳǿ󣬼ҶҲ䡣
Уһֱ򶨣ҶʱҲûг֣Ҷʹõ۱һδվ
ΣպǶԵȵģǶõ۱ĻЩᱻɱɻңҲס
ɱҶʵһʶԿرɽӴӡɱɢ֡깲Ҳˡ
ȻûͻƵͨ۷壬ʵȴһκܴߣ޹غ磬ֻʵ
⣬ҶȭҲˣ˵֮УҶһ̥ǰı仯
ովһսҶ˵ڶʮۣ±ؤòĶȥһԲƤġ
ôೡս·ȫսˣֻƤ塣
ûˮԴĵطϴ趼һŨҵѪζͷѪ̳һһ縵ģʯҰҰˡ
ĺ׹ö¹͸ϡһƬƬ
Ҷǰȼһ𣬿ƬžɭƮʵʵſĽűߣˮһء
ǱҪ취ȥˣȥǶɡ
Ҷ̾˿һ鿾⽹۵׸ǡ
ƬѾʮˣԾûܴȥҶЯʳѾĴˡ
θÿο⣬ҶµĲʮ֮һʣµȫĶС
Ѿ쵽ľˣٴȥһʯľǾͱˡ
ҶӵĵǣĹһһǿȥͷܽ˺ˡ
һΰǺıʸҶ죬ĬĬĳſ⣬ͷˣ͵Ĺâ
ȻϴεʵһεõҲ֪׻ѾûˣһεĻǿɾıˡ
ԹҶϥڵ˹ˣͬʱ»ԪŬָ۷״̬
ʮ֮սҶϻ˳ɷͨͨҲһ˵ϡ
ֻѹ԰˵ûʲôãһһҲ¡
ҶҲδܺ˵ĽŵϾڵİ۾ҶҪ߶ˣҲʩչǿᣬҶľز¡
˺ҹҶȥռУʯЩÿһδս֮ҪռʯϣܹЩָ
ʮʯѾĵĲˣ̶ֳȵҶоۡ
ڶĳǣǿ˱˶ʮʯϴαһԾ͸ɵ֮һ
ڣֻʣ²һʯƷʯ
ƷʯҶѹ׵ĶײᶯãҲ֪ԼҪʯܳͨ۷壬ԱҪ׼ùһ
һδսҶıԴأֻʣԭ֮һνǲʤ
ҵս̬Ʒʶһʵøˡ
Ҫǣ˶ʮĵۣջ
˿̣֮£Ҷжʮ۷ֲ̥֫ٺâɣ
ʰ飬ҶʼʯսҲңΪ˲Ҳ˲ʲôʯˡ
ϣܹȥɣ㲻ܣѰҵҲа
ˣҶռ߳һʣµʯĵ룬ٳ岻ȥĻΣˡ

Ǹǻǻ㲻ҶҲû취к˰һ׼ǰȥ޾ޣû·
ҶСӣһҹǲټǰˣɣ취ӳƬֲС
ǴӲݴϵĿݲݣ˵
ʲô취ܳȥ𣿡
Ҷ仰ʱ򼸺ûбκϣΪ֪Ǹ̰ļһҪа취Ļóˣȵڣ
û뵽ǵͷȻϣãܻһϣġ
ʲô취˵ֻܹ֣һϣܹȥҲҪһ¡Ҷе˵Ĳдˡ
̫󣡡
˵ϴ֮ʶеķӡֽ⿪һһƵ÷
ͦģ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ӧãǲȷ˵
ʲôӦð
Ҷһûһǿ׵ģһαֱˡ
ҲûбѡҪȥͱҪðգһ·ǰеĻҪðδ֪ķա
Ҳйҵļ䣬Լоģ÷һʧֻҪף̫׿ҾͲ׻в̫׵ġĵ˵
ðɣҾһΣ˵ɣҪʲô
Ҷ֪˵ԲûĿĵģ϶Ҫæ
ʲôҲһԿžˣҪ㹱ʯ̫󡣡
˵䣬ſ³һÿһĥ̴С˸ɫĹâ
³Щ֮󣬰Ǳ㿪ʼæÿһ϶̻·ƣҶһͷû
һ¾ſ飬۵ͷϳֱצӶ̫ˡ
Ҷȡ񶦣һָĿУǻһ𣬿
һʱǲŽҪȫ̻ϣƤҶ˵һָһΣ
ҶҲģֱָһжغܷ֣κβ
õ֮󣬰ǿ㽫Щ̨һķλвãγһĴ
ƸողóɹƬռһ󶯵ƺܹƬռ䡣
Ҷʣµʯȫóѡʵʯ̨ԤµİС
ֱһ̨ʱ򣬰ǲͣΪ˳ȥҲóѪˡ
˵䣬ſ³һȭͷƷʯâ˸һ˸λõĹâ
һ̨źƷʯ۵ֱ£ȥ֮öһƷʯֲҵʧУοˡ
Ҷһʲôʱ˻أֱǲ֪ôдġ
㵽жٰգ
Ҷվ֮ȷϡ
ûаգֻһȥ󣬳岻ȥֻܵˡ
˵䣬Ǵצڽµ̨һģ̫




1537 ͨ۷
̫ǰǰĵһǿƣһ̱׽١
ò˵Ȼе޳̰ڻȷеһ࣬ţҪࡣ
۲ǣκǿߣ׷ߺۼߵļʹɱˡ
ϣںԼ裬̫ʯ٣ɱһС
䣡
̫֮׺һӽûˣγɿֲľ
ɲǼ䣬ΧĹֱɷɻңκ޵ĶסؼΪյ
壡
ǿ̫ɱֳ֮ɻңɽʯ飬ɵκζ̫׵ǰֻбɻҵ³
䣡
ڵϵ̨ȫҶͰһ塣
һĻҶŴͣû뵽ǾȻֶΣһ壬ܹƬˡ
ʮս˶ʮΣÿһζԲп䣬Ҷ񾭶ýģȥ¾㲻Ҳᾫġ
˿̣̫׵Ŀ£ҶͰǿȥ
Ҳ֪ѡĸǶԵģֻѡһֻҪǼǰӦû⡣
ֵķΧ൱ҶͰǵٶȻ죬̫׵ٶȴûô죬ֻܸ̫ĵ·ǰС
һ󣬰ǼԼļҵ׶ˣ̫ά󷨵ת
¡¡~
׹޾ףâᴩأѾǵһףһƬ׺
ʲôˣȫ׺ûˣĿһƬۣ񱩵֮±ݲеĲӡ
йں̫׽ӴһɲǾͱ˷ɻңʲôֻҪҶǰȫ顣
һֲֳĳǱ˿Ծȵҽϡֲֿ׾ȻǱġ
ĹУҶҲڲϵĸпȻԼõߵĴУҲŬĲеǸȻǲ˲١
ƿף̫׿ʲôܵ
Ī⣬ΰǰҲֻܱһͨ
УϸֳһصȻԼȫٵķΧ֮⣬·֮һ
Ҷ̫ײϵţǿᣬ˫򲻵ǳȥͱ̫ˡ
䣡
һ̫Ҷϣô˸򣬴˿ҲóȻϴˣڵֿס
ʱ˽ǧڿֵıԵҶԶһΡĴɽ޾ֵ˻
ֲֿףû޲£һȥĻһԼ٣ǲǵùߵ
⣬̫Ҫֲסˡ
Ǿֵĺе
꣡
˵һ̨Ȼը̫׵һ˼֣ܻܿǻûгȥ֮ǰͻʧ
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ҶҪĽ
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ڴʱҶڵһδα̫֮󣬾Ȼ

ɲǼ䣬Ҷ·һʹʮ۹ᴩδ֪ľһֱͻƵͨ۷ˣһɫĹḁ̥̂Ӱϵһγһѭ
䣡
Ϊ񱩵Ȼ£һʼףǲǫ̫̃һʧˡ
Ȼ
ٵǿˣҶû뵽£Ӳ̫Լ٣ֻҪɹȹȥͨ۷塣
νøˣ̫ٵĻҪͻƿҪʯΡ
꣡
䣡
һһͬʱᴩҶ壬ͬʱƵ̺Ŀֲ֮ס޸űԴ
ң%#
Ŀ࣬û뵽ڹؼʱ̣ҶȻ٣ںˣȥǿ϶ܳȥˣֻУҲۣܵɽˡ
ȻƤҶҪ̣ȴۣԸɽ٣һ뵽Ҫɽ٣Ķˡ
ʱʲôҲˣĸҶ壬ӳֵΨһˣǲץסĻɣۣ
٣
ϲԿһʿʵ;֪񽵷ΨһֶΣҲΪϿı׼һ޷ֻͨ·һ
ȻˣҲ˶ܹԼ٣󲿷ɽ٣ƽƽߵľҲû¡
һɽټǱĽ֣ΪԽߣٵԽ󣬿Խϸ
ʵ;һ㶼пҲǺܶٶɫԭ
ֻһЩǿߣھܵ͵ʱܹϲԵĹעٿʵ
ǾɽٵģܿսܹԽСɱ֣Ǿٺûоٵ
ҶνֲǿҲҪ̣ˮ٣٣׽٣žٵȵȷ׷׽
ҶУϵ壬ϴˡ
ĳ֮⣬пҲҲˣר
ȻˣҶеܹߵһÿһߵ൱ʵûаȡɣԲŲٵļ顣
ţ֮Ȼʥ̥ʱԼ٣ֻҶԿ٣֮壬ǲġ
ʿôҲڵļ̣һǳһУǱɡ
ҶҺʱνǽ֮ˣǿɲһܳܵʹࡣ
Ҷٱ̫׸ǿеǰĶޣǹֻɽûܵסŲġ
ؽУҶʩչ׷ǲһں׷ᡣ
ȻѾҪȥˣҶһӲڳ֡
ȥѾʧˣ·ûдڹһһƬٴݲеĲɽʹء
~
һУҶһǰһ֮Խǿòͣ
֮УҶâһ̥Իüѿһӡһٵϴ
ҶСӣ㺦ˣ
ǲҽųԶɽͷҲɽˣӵﶼҪԼ١
Ҳ֪Ҷ߶ɽٵҶٺʱеһƴˣ




1538 ٶ
򣬳Ұǧǳɫƽԭɽ
Ҷ׺֮Уֳһ֮УԼ־Ӱ٣֯һʮĹ˸ɫĵâ
ΧҲûʲôȫ˽ٻңѺݺύ
˿̣ҶٿʼѾһʱԾûнǽ뵽ֲĽ׶Σ޾ڱ
䣡
Ҷɵʮѣ񱩵磬գƵòضԴ
ػˮȽȺðǲ
ΪػˮǿٵصĴ٣֪Ҷܲͦȥ
һͦȥĻһоͶǰˡ
СӣסֻҪͦô࣡
ǳɤӸɺﲻɫĵ绡ëըˡ
ȻҲκΪ壬ȻûлεҲֻ֪ѡ
ղŵǺõĺôҲǾ޴ģɹȹ٣սӲһء
ء𡢷硢ˮݻ磬췣ҶʼĴ
~
ſһ׹һӣȫУĹͷอѪӳյһƬͨ
һּΣյĴʽҶ˵ȴõһַľѾأԽԽѴΪڵԽԽˣ٣Ѿûʲôٶ̥ǡ
ڲûг֣ǿȵٸκβž۵ʱǿĵ۽ˣٸûá
䣡
ֲٹ룬ֱӽըˣΨ
ҶǿŷǵľʹһƬӨȫ˽ɫɫ֮ھζ
ģȻǸͨ۷ڽôֲ𣿡
ﲻϵ죬Ҳ֪ʵ˵Ҷ˵١
ιʱٿȻʧջָ·ûгֹһΨеϵһƬǽֲ֤١
Ҷ徧ӨֻϲƬƣЩΣ֮£ûʲôܱ
ͨ۷壡
Ҷãò˶ãԼܿżһƬոµأʽΪһǿߡ
⣬ķ֣еõĶʮ۾ȻѾ̥Ϊһ壬̥ߣʮ΢͵һ㡣
䣡
Ҷչ壬һȭȭͷ˲һۣһԦ֮֮ϣֱӽԶһɽ嶴ˡ
⡭
ǵһ⹥̫˰ɣ
ҶҲԼһȭˣӵеۣͻͨ۷սﵽһΪֲĵزȫͨʿܹﵽģ

ҶɽٵͬʱҵǿԶѰټ
Ҷʧ洫ѰȻưոݣǰȷҶȥģ֪ˣѰҶˡ
ΪҵҶҫүүһʯ͸ŵţɽҶλá
ò˵Ī֮ȻҶֵܳķΧֻʱҶУҲֻܸţȺҵˡ
ԲһǧϸѰңһܹټ
ʱŵָűһŵͼ˫Ĺâ
ȥѰңܻ׽ãܻ׽ͻɱ˫¶ɭȻɱ
ΣҵѰ֮֡
⣬Ҷϵĵ۱ҲܸȤܽҶɱôȻûгۣҲӵһ۱忹ˡ
ÿһ嶼ǿߣȻҲ⣬ҫ֮⣬һЩѾﵽǿߣֻǱҫѡ
Щ˶żرͽʵֲ
֮ǰΧɱҶʱδ֣ǣڵпܳ˯ˡ
һ£ǾûɱҶֱСһ
Ȼй涨һۣһò֣ȴûй涨׼ԶٵΧеرǸûнҶϡ
ǱжǴˡ
һʮ߰ҶɽٵķȥֻԼһЩ׹⣬¡¡
˹ˣﳣ궼꣬ôףһҵüͷ
ԣⲻǴףڶɽ٣ȥͷǿҶɽٵķȥ
ɽ٣ѵ
߰ǿ߷׷һ׷ȥ
ﲻ̣ǿһҰ޶ûУ˵ܹɽٵˣټ֮ǰܣǼԿ϶ɽٵıȻҶ
뵽Ǽ˷־ȣ˷ܵҵҶټЩ¶޵࣬ȵҶȻͻƣֱ˲š
Ҫ֪ҶѾͨÿͻһСʵдݣܹݣĲʵ൱һĳɷ֡
ҶģȻ㣡
Ϻǣͦ°
Ҳãȥ
һӺ߰ųҶǰ衣
Ҳѹ֣˿ҶȷǱոնɹٵû·ƤС
Щ˳ʶԼ˿̵ľ
ˢ
Ҷһûʹùת϶ʱһ۵ף滨ƹӡ
Ȼʱڵ壬뾽ҲǳķԶǰԪ׵ʱķѸ죬ֻսپ
ңϳ֮ԺɲǼһҲ˲乴һ˿յЦݡ
ɱ
Ϊ׵һ֣˷׷׼رҶȥһʱâ죬ɱӯҰ
Ȼ·ҪǲЦɵĻǲӣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦչ壬һȭһֱӽЩرˡ
ȭͷ֮۵һȭ޼᲻ݣʥسϵ鱦״飬οЩνĽر
䣡
ըڵǿ߶סҶϵȴâû˸һ±Ӳ
⡭
ôܣ
ϵĿѵǡ
˵еף
Ұǿȫɵˣĵֱð
֮ǰôҲ벻һκβҶҲֲ̫˰ɣ
Ҫ֪Ҷ۱ûжãֱȭͷͽǳĽرˣѵȭͷ߾鱦ɣ
һ뵽ǿµĺΪ׵ǿ߱ùͷðȻ۷ǿߣҶͬ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʮʥӼǿΧҶʱ򣬿мʥسϼǿѹ󣬿󻹲Ҷɹӵˣ
סѾѶţ˺ܿͻϵ
Ϊ׵ǿһҶ˹ĻԼչͼסҶȴȥ
Ƕ߲ˣ
Ҷһȣȭȭ⣬һȭһҵǿȫŵߵҲǸŵˡ
ҰҶһغ϶ûȫ˵ء
Ƭ̣Ҷ㽫˰˸⣬һ·һҰᡣ
Ϻǣͦ°
·ҶЦŵ٩һ䡣

Ұ
ǡծÿ죡



1539 չ
ذٲۣ
һƬǽĻϣҰǿߺʬڵأ۾ɵúܴһĿ
ǵʬԱһɫʯָ̻Ű˸֣ɱߣ˺ɱ֮׺һѪġҶ֣
һһ
ҶǸϳԿôΧȻ顣
ֻнҪԼ˴ˣɱˣǲŻԺƵ飡
ҶСӣҵǸ˵ѾųѶˣ㲻𣿡
ݴһƽԭϣҶ߻𣬻ϼһཹཱུ⣬ƽԭϣһˮһбҶʵ
ҵĵǲ
Ҷһ˿ĹâһһνȫǰЩͣղҰֻǿθˡ
ٺ٣ҾϲСԸ񣡲˵ⱱĲٵȻʺĵط
ǹһ䣬Ҷ·һͷɳҪˡ
ıһ֮ҶʼæһƬƽԭȻʺΪս
ȻţֻҪ˲̫ǿ̫ܻ࣬ɱΪ˱ǾѰһʵս
عϡܶطǻĲë֮أսٺʲˣܿ죬ҶһƬɽҵ˺ʵս
¾أһʯֻϧ̲̫ˣһ֮á
ʯ٣Ҷû˷ѣǽʯеʯ׼ȷȡڼضĵطڵϿ̻
Զǣһ̫ˣûô˭Ҳʹ
ҶҲ̻ǵû˵Ҳ߯˵㣬Զ֣̻ƣҲǶԼĲˮ׼
ѰмصһƣɹΪãҲ֪غɱ֡
ϧ̫£ֻʮ֮ҲˣǲҲܷӿֲ
һʦʵȻǿʯĵطܺ׼۰ǿ߽а壬ȫڶѰպá
һʱȥˣҶһŽƿ̻ãϥڴ룬ȺЩҪɱԼͶ
һΪ;һЩۼЩֻҪǰ׳գ϶⵽µĺۼġ
ſţһ˫֧ţʱΧһж
빲ǶҶ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬ɽ׸ıƣҪĵ̰ڻëǱˡ
ⲻڸҶּۻأ
˵ҶСӣΪûйҲпͣûпҲƣͰɣ㲻˼˼
ʲô˼Ҷб˰һۡ
֣õ˶ʮۣëҲû̵һ˵һɱЩ֮ǵıܲұܣ˵ô࣬ʵҪľһ䡣
û⣬ֻҪϲʬ嶼Ҳ޷ҶЦ˵
ޣΪһϲ𣿡
ǿһȻС˵ʵԵ⡭

Ҷһƽ
Ƭ̹߱˼ڵ㣬ڼҶڵλ÷
ҶɭȻһЦ¶׵ݣȴһ˿Ĺâĵˣ
Ȼ뻹ԶѾͨϢжЩ֮ǰΧɱļʥӺһЩϴڵĽܳӡ
ЩٶȺܿ죬ĹҶǰԶһɽͷϡ
ٺ١Ҷģû뵽ɣһЦ˵
򶦴ڵʥӣƣѾͻƵڣʵ൱ǿ
˵ҰֵĶһȵ
Ҷ̧۹ۿǰٲŵʥӣлʵͨ۷壬ֻѾˡ
Ȫ·ϣҶ˵
ʲôɱǣ
˴󾪣溮ˮû뵽ҶȻ˹𣬾ȻҵİӢȫնɱˡ
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮Ҳ⣡
Ҷվ縩ӲĴһ㣬ʯ
˵ҪɱˣûɣЦһҲûнҶ
һȺ׳գͷȻ֪
Ƿۣǿ׳ʹÿˡ
˲֪Ҷжǿ֪ġõʮ۵Ҷʵ㷭һҪ˵һͻˡ
˿̵Ҷ۾ȻûһЩǿʥӼǿ߸ߣʵԿѹǡ
ͷˣȻҴԲѣǲ֪ôдģ
ɱʵûгɾ͸У
һ᲻Ҫɱ˫ȣϵΪôNɪ
Ӧˣһɱʵ̫ˡ

ʮǿ߶ЦˣһǿһҶϷʵص٩
һϰɣ˭ҲûҶڻӦ̬ǿơ
ৣ
ʮǿͬʱɫʥҲüҶô˵Ƕ衣
ھȶԷߵҲҵϷգҲҶ˵׼ˣûҶ
ʲôֱɱˣ
ʮǿһҶƽԶرΪ˻ɱҶڵŵĳϽԼ鱦͸ǡ
治ǴֲҶʮǿǿе鱦̲ס̾һ
ͬʿ̫ˣСŵʿŬһӶδرȴںʱͻˡ
˰ɣ˵ĻϾڣȻģǻῼǸȫʬ
ҶҡͷЦѣµǼ˹˵ϳ˯ˣҶ޷߶ڡ
ಣ
ƿҶʵжش
ҶŲ׷ǲһ⣬ֱӳڻ߲Զ˫ȭӡ
ۣ
ۣ
죬ǿֱˣĻᶼûС
ۡ
һ֣ҶͣʩչرͻϮмǿ߱Լе鱦ȥļġ
ǡر
СģпرС鱦
ƺͻ˴󾪣æˡ

£һҶĴȥâǣɱ
ۣ
â͸Ҷ壬ȴһٲǿߵüĶˣҶһɢ
ô
ƤֱղеֻҶӰѡ
ȥȪ·ѰҴ𰸣
ʱ򣬻ͻȻҶʱѪˣһǰȥ
ҪҶ룬ⲫų޵е춼Ҷ֣͸ˡ
ȻҶͲᣬֱһȭϽɫȭͷ֮һĵۡ
飡
ȥԶͻȻըѪ֮ꡣ
һȭ
һȭһʥӼǿ߱㱻Ҷˡ
һĻͬΪʥӵƤһɲԤоסģ




1540 һȫ
̫֮ǰ򲢲ӣⰻȻǴԪŨĻᾧΪʯ޾ҩѰ
񣬷٣ľɻңһƬɫĴأɫʯһŵɪ
Ȼкܶ޺ͳǳأڳɫ˵Ե΢ããǵĵ졣
ҲʾޱߣΪ޺ܶ඼зԲǧ
ƬĴϣҶڵĵطƺ΢ȴɱѪζƮڿС
˵۵Ҷʵǣÿһȭе۸ȭͷ֮ϣκμ̵鱦ȭͷ¶˷
ʥӼǿҲ⣡
Ҷգۼ߰ˣʣµƵƤֱ
ͬΪʥӼǿߣȻľһЩʵսȴ¡
Ҷһȭ򱬣һᵽɤۣڳ̬
ͨ۷ѣδǹؼһεõ۵ģ
֮࣬г˺棬Ѿ׵۵Ŀֲ
~
һĹҶٴʩչرΧɱʥغĵ鱦һЩɱԼͬϣǾһ亹
⻹ʣʼ٣Ҷͻ˿ռƣ¼׷ǲ£سɴ磬ƺԽռһͻأĳߡ
ã
һ򶦴ڵĺĵƴһнݺҶȥͬʱſڳХһ챾ԴһҶɱ
һ̣־ƵˮƽӣԽսʵȻҶǰһжͽ͵ġ
Ҷ˫䣬겻һ㣬³һ֣򣡡
£һΧ˶ݵĻ״̬
״̬֮άһ룬Ѿ㹻ˣ
顭
Ҷչ壬սҰһȭһЩȫڿУ֫ϱ۷·һ׹䣬漫ΪѪȡ
ħͷֱħͷ
ƳױҶֶˡ
ͬΪʿһ򶦴ڵʥӣȻҲɱˣȴûҶѪȲпֶΡ
ħͷô
Ҷû˿ʴȡ
ʮʥӼǿߺʥӳϼǿΧɱǲκλᣬ󣬰ȵĻ˿̵Ѿˡ
ƵѪˣʮǿߣʥӣΧɱҶû뵽̶һӲ˶ˣֻʣԼ
Ҹƴˣ
ʶҶֲٶȺͺֶΣһ˿ҲˣҶ˵ء
ſڽһöɫĵҩ£Ʊǣǽž죬һ㣬һɼֲϢ
Ҷ״һֱһȭɫȭͷһ͸֮͵ȭͷƣҵȭâ˺ա
ৣ
ͬʱɢƸǿˣâ죬˷·Ϊս
һ磬˲ƿлƽȼգǿսһ
໺𡭡
âһһͷɫľ޴ʨӳ֣Ȼ̥ʨӡ
꣡
ʨԾǰüſһҶȥ
ã
Ҷ˲͸еǿҵΣգҲûܲƬס⡣
䣡
޴Ҷɳȥһսʼһαˣɼʨֲ̥֮
ΪʥӶǰ׽еÿһʥӶԼľУһǿҲľѧһ֣ƷЦ
һսʧ̫ˣ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻôǿһʱ飬֪ʱѾˡ
~
Ҷһ̥òСӦҪսپΪ֪һʲôʱ򵽣һ˵֮ǰҪսɨɾ
뵽Ҷԥ˫һƾ֣ƮƮȥ
ţ
һɾ޴Σͷëըˣ
ۼҶһУƽƽ棬ȴɲ뱻ɫڵϡ
ಣ
ƺԥ˲ƿܹܿɫƸǵͬʱҶ˹

ɫʨüٴſһҶȥ
һҶ׼ٴαУһӹȰһ±ܿˡ
һ֮ԹŶܲƬӲֹжǿڼȻѾˣûҪˡ
ɱ
Ҷɱ죬˫ɭĹâʩչȭһȭƴȥȭâ·ǧ磬ٱ
̥壡
ҶĹ֪Ҷõ˾ۺ˫ش֮ҷգʵǣҲûܹɱսʤҶ̥ƺõѡ

һԼ̥һüҲһۣ˫ֱʨһצٶݺһצҶȭâӭȥ
ͷϻһ߲Сתţ߲Ĺâαâ֮С
̥֮ʿʵдǶӦҲܴ󣬱Ҫսپ
ƴľ⣬ڶʱڽҶɱֻһ;ˡ
ˣ
ϽɫȭâֱӴƵ˫צϣ졣
꣡
צҶǿһȭֱӴôѣ£Ѫ졣
໡
ƲҽһüѿһɫĹâ콣һҶɱȥ
ͬʱӰٺˣһսûˣʥ̥嶼Ҷ֣սȥĺѿѿ
ˣҪߣ
䣡
ҶսⱬХһ˫ȭͬʱüķɳһɫӡһӽײɢˡ
ߣ
⣬Ҷ¶ŪЦݣһȣչ׷ǲ׷
׷ǲ׷Ǹ£ٶ֮죬˫Ҷûȫ£Ҳܹġ
ɣ
Ҷ̽ͷ߲СץȥóСȻһ򶦴ԶĲȻҲǳ
ۼҶȻͽժһ˿ĹâֱӿͷС𵴣ͼҶժ
Ҷ˫ٵϴ񣬵Ѿ۷鱦ˣܻģ
Ȼ
ɲǼ䣬һɲҶȭͷϮ·ҪһУռ䶼òȵ
Ҷ˫ᶨĹâƲ䣬ִһץס߲СֱǿнһĨˡ

ƲҽһӡǱǿĨѾˡ
ৣ
ҶС깲еһɱɢֺȭ
ۣ
ع£Ƽں̥״̬ҲסһȻըһɳԶɶݡ
ӵ𣿡
Ҷ֣ɵӡɳһӽƵɢˡ
ˣһǰɱҶʥӼǿȫ




1541 
ӺɽȻָԭ״ɵЦͣ
ҶԼĳŵɱЩϵıȫԼ򶦴ʥƵ߲
Сӣ֪ղɱЩʲôһ򶼻ģǻЦ˵һֻ
ǽǸʼѣҶɱ
ɱҰ֮ʯµһɱߣ˺ɱ֮һֱűɱҪչķ
㹻ݡϲ
յЦҲʲôϳԿ׷ɱҲмԣο
ģЩϾûʲôֵǮĶһԼսƷǲɵ
ûǵɧҶץʱʯָĵ
Ǽ״ȥ羯䣬ⱻʣЩʥ͵ϮӶֲ
һӹȥˣܾĵģûκ
һӹȥˣΧԾɷǳƽ
ʱ
һʱȥˣǽʧȥԶɽͷ˸Сݴſڵ˯
ͬʱҶϼεʯգΪ
ŴʯҶڷ·һ㣬ʢѪ纣һ㣬һϴӨı塣
ͣ
ʢǳһιᴩء
һĻ澰˵ѪʢҲγΡ
ৣ
ͻȻҶ˫ۣâ֮⣬ңԶؾͷһƬСڵڿٽӽ
ˣ
Ҷ΢΢ֵۣܰˣǵˣ
ؾͷƬСڵٶȷǳ죬Կ壬һȺǿߣоʥӼΪѪʢ
Լʮˣ㲻մأն
˲Ϣ䣬ʮ˱ٽӽˣҲ˯бѣצӲһѿˮҶСӿܣϮ
ܣѾˡ
һĿ࣬ڷʥӼǿչһЦ¶ɭɭݣ޵ϢѾҶϡ
˵Ҫô
ҶƽؿߵЩʥӼǿߣսѿƣʱܹս˵Щˣھĺ۷ǿһս
Ϻǣ㵹ǿÿǲǾ÷ӲˣԴ󷽵㣬Ǹʹ죿һʥӼǿߺٺЦ
ǶܱͨڵݣȻʥӼʵȴδضʥӣ
ҶתۣоȻмˣ򱱲ǿܼҵȻУ⣬ҫҲУݿν൱ǿ
ԺλʱܺҶսȻջǱսˣʵԾɲС
Ҷڻȷõɱ۵ĴУֻǲȫֻõ˲ֵĴУҲǿˡ
ôʱû֪ɳʲô̶ˡ
ɱдɱ¾صһλļɱţȻΪݣһɹͬмûĶ֡
һ˷ʲôһϣɱ
ҫгԹİλֵܶҶУǲݵĽ֡
ৣ
˵䣬ҫһ֣ͼһҶ𹥻Ȼʧǣ˿ֶʧˡ
ͬʱ˿Ҷƽйâ˸ÿ˶Լ鱦ϣһɱսپ
ôʥӼǿֻɱһͨʿͲʣǲ´ȥǵΪ
Сӣûڴ𣿻񣿡
ǴģȮڲԶʺͷҫ
ҫͷð𣬱̣ˣΪʦǿˣԺʮǿ֮һߵﶼǱţ˭˶˵
ڱһͷ˺ǳ䣬Ϊ𣬺ƿڴϧݣֻӲȥ
ĿҶҶܹʩչѰսһ̣֪ˣɸżдԼƹбȻҶҺܿı
Ѱҵӣ൱ڵĴ۹似Ҫȡ
Сӣ˵أ񣿡ҫûԼǸˡ
ĿĵģղҶҫǣסһʱ䣬ܸʱ䣬ԼĲúܻܿᱻơ
ͬΪʦˣҫѰֶҲǳȻҶһЩѰеַδùͬͨѰҫðǼŭʧȥǣܲסƬ̡
㣡
ҲֻҪ˵һԺգܺʥӱȼˣ˭ҷҫʱͻˡ

˲ڵ˵˵ãǵһϣ
ɱ㻹Ҫ˳֣·
ҫ˫𣬺޲˰ǳ⡣
ΪʥӼ֣ȴҪͱһΧŹһɣͺǴսٻغϣƤ൱˲룬ҫۣθۣۣźۡ
ģھͱ㣡
ҫܲסǿ
Ȼǰߵ׷ߣӦòԼĶ֣ɱӦûѡ
㻹ʥӼǿߣһ㺭ûУȻڳѷñúýѵѵ㣬㶮Ͼ֮ǵ
һȺʥӼǿ߼ֱȻǱ˴֮䶼ʶȴΪһͬĿߵһģҫ裬Ҳÿ

ҫʵڱˣ޿̣һǾȻ˵ʲôҪԼϾ֮ǿ벻̣
꣡
ҫԼ鱦һɱ⣬һɱȥҲѱΪʲôˣҪֱӻɱ
Ȼ޳ܣȻ͵Ϯһʶԭðˡ
һ˵ӣۣǣʵ̫Ʒˣ治֪˭ѧġ

ҫԼԴ϶ðˣ̫Ƕˡ

ͻȻֹҫ֣Ϊ˲Ӱˣҵȥսһһһֻ־㣡
̫ˣȥ潫ˡ
ܶ˶ܲ˰⸱ӣ׷Ҫҫˡ
ñϺúýѵѵ㣡
˵ţһ̳˳ȥ
ǣվסҪ㡣ҫӺߣŭޱȡ
ҲͰˣȻԳĿ˵ʲôԼĸĸѵԼֱ̣
׷ϱ˵ɣȱһȽ
Ѿӿ񱼣׷ǲʩչ£ٶޱȣֱ֮زز
ڵͽѵҫͱһɶˡ




1542 һȺʥӣ
һ˵ģƾż죬ڳɹҫŭѾӿ񱼣һص
ʵ۰Ǵ˿̵սǶսҫû⣬ǲԸϡ
ڣ·
ۿǽҫߣҶˣᶨޱȣɽ֮ƣˡ

У˶ڿЦеĴųеĳ˳ޣеɱ¶鲻һ
ǿҶһͨʿѣôʥӼǿߣ۷ǿҲҪˣƾʲô˵Ĵ󻰣
ƾ㣿Ҫɱˣ𣿡
Ŀ¶׹⣬Ժλϣ˱⵽裬ҶĺѾﵽ˼㡣
ЦһҲЦ
ᣬ·겻ļһ㣬·ûκɫʡ
ϻˣֱ
һʥӼǿ߿ڣһâ˸һֻӥԻҶ˻ȥ



һҲһ֣ɱ׷ʩչɱ죬âա
Ҷ߾ܣȭХ꣬ɱɢֲĳ
ۣ
һʥӼǿ߱ҶȭâУҽһըѣǣҪߡ
ҶʱһӽˣһʥӼǿһ㱻Ҷɱһݡ
ɱ
һȺ˴𣬸ɱ¾ĹâһҶɱȥ
Ϊ˱ⱻҶϳԼݣЩ˲ͨرڱԼݣֵͨ似ҲãԵñ˺ܶࡣ
ҶȴûⷽĹ˼ɣӵۣһЩر֮⣬Щ˵αװͽ͵ġ
չ׷ǲҶЩߣɽӴӡгͣưɽӴӡһѹ¡

ʩչ鱦һɱ⣬նɽӴӡϣͼشҶ
Ȼ
־һĻˣɽӴӡתŵĺۼޱȣȻĻĽȴûб

˲ҽһҶɽӴӡֱɱѪ
ţҶĺҲɱУ񱩵͵һѪȻˡ
ˣɱ
Ҫ
ܶ˶ڷĽţвǿߣչǳֲҶȴûʲôá
һ֮ǰѾ֪ˣסҶᣬԣܲǻǲõġ
ɣ
Ҷ쳤Хºݺһ壬ԶӵȻһɱ⣬ֱӽվŵɱ롣
⡭
ã˵
̿ҶﲼɱǣһƬɱҶ̫ðʧˡ
˵䣬мڷ˭Ķ֪ϡͿͱɱˣ
СģҪ̷ͨҶĹʽ
˭ҲҶĶֻ֣ͨԶ׼Ҷ
Ͼһ˵޵ģܳʱսȥҶǸôҲܺ
˺ܿɢҶΧм䣬ɱ⽣Ӱһ鱦Уɢɱ⡣
ɱ
һȣ߶鱦һɱ⣬Ҷȫǹ
˿ֲĹҶҲסϾЩھϲЩ绹ߡ
οÿһʥӼǿ߶Խսʵô˾һ𣬾һɲݺӵ
Ҷһȣºݺһ壬һζһϣסеĹ
ˣҶҲܣЩ˵Ĺ̫ǿˣˣ˲ܡ
ɱ
Ҷչȭɱɢ֣ɽӴӡϻƵһЩæҡ
ͬʱҫҲΪʲôǻὫԼΪһҶڴ϶ֽţܺܿƽ⡣
ͨһ㣬ҫǣ׷ôãʼû׷ϣѪ
õʦĴˣһͷǶ׷ϣȥʵ̫ˡ
ĿҲǰǣҶҪҶûԼѰ
ܣӦ𣿡
ǺεȾ۽ëǿյģһҫ׷ˣˣµͷ׷ȥ
꣡
üĹâһһ⼤ȥҫβȥ
ٺε֮죬ҫڱŭ֮Уûǻһ֣һӱš
໡
ҫһյĲҽУ˫ƨţеķŭһӵ˶㣡
ɻľǱ˴ƨɣԶʹΰײȻ
ɱ㣡
ҫ۾ˣɱǣתһƣ
һʶҶݣ
ǵٶȺ죿ҫ׷ͽȻ໴С
ҶǱҲ˴ս֮У£Щ˶ѧˣϺҶ룬Ļᣬϣܹ
Щã
Ҷһڷ裬Ų׷ǲһ˳ȥһ˫ɫȭͷ֮͵ۣɽһ㣬ɱ񣬷ɱ
䣡
ʥӼǿߴ󺧣ѪҪȼˣƴֿϣܹŹһ١
ҲҶ˹â죬ݺᣬ鱦һɱ⣬һҶɱ
ɫȭͷӨ꣬һ赲ڵת£ûʲôر赲
ۣ
ҶһȭʥӼǿߵ鱦Ʋ˥ݺݺؿڣֱӽؿڴˡ

˷һҽУؿڴΪģٹѣһ⣬궼Ҷһȭĥˡ
˻
˶һ
ˣɫѿ˼㣬ԭΪԼôһ֣˲ܽҶɱɻңû뵽Ҷʵٴʵ
һõϢûԸ⿴Ҷʵٴǽûκλˡ

ҶУâһɫ̥֣սףһս
̥
ҶԻԼ̥˼Ҷ̥֮⣬˶ˣôҲû뵽ҶȻź̥
Ҫǣ̥ԼΪ
̥֣ˣЩʥӼǿжһֲԤУ˿̵ҶǾ޴ѹ·ʦһ
ҲҪ£ĺһܽɱôãһʣ޼ˡĶһ֣ɱҶ
ûǲܽɱĻǵĩվҪˣĳɳٶ̫ˡҲŸ͡
һݣ֪˵ʵ飬һҶߣҶ·񣬿϶ŹԼЩˣԣҲҪҶ
սٴչʥӼǿ߶Ҫȼ̥սҪɱҶκλᣡ


1543 չ
Զʮȼ̥ǿʵʥӼǿߣҶ˿ս֮С
Ȼ˫ȻԶʮƴǿߣЩ
һ򷨣
ҶХһڷħһ㣬̧־һǧԺɨǧ֮Щ˴ȥ
ۡ
ھǰ߰ʥӼǿ߱ҳѪڷ
ͬʱҶʩչرЩ˶鱦ƿأǷǳɵԼ鱦Լɱ
漴Ҷչ࣬أ߳ɣ̧һʥӼǿ߲ȥ
̫
ʥӼǿɫ䣬ſ³һ챾ԴֹҶĴͬʱ󷽱ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶĽŸıλãһŽһʥӼǿ̤Ϊ촷ۣ˫ֻһ֣漴һʵɽӳС
ɽӴӡ
Ҷ˫ֱӡݺѹ£֪ڳôʥӼǿΨ鷳
˼գҶϺü˺۶Ǳ͵Ϯ˵ģֻҪܽɱʣµ˲ڻ¡
ৣ
ɫ䣬Хһ״̥֣˲һ
ɲǼ䣬·һ̵һ㣬˫ȭϻӳļɱҲ˳ֻĹâ˸
ůл׷ɣÿһƬ궼ӵпֲĻ֮Ըʿ꣬ס
䣡
ɽӴӡɢҶҲܵ˷׷ɳȥԶ
ۣ
͵һѪɫɷףղȻסҶĹҲܵ˼Ĵˡ
ǿʤҪӣûҶ˺Ӳܵ˺
һϣѾˣҪᣡһǿתһʮ콣
ıȣϵļ䣬һƬĻҶȥÿһ̶һɱһ㣬ɢļµܡ
һʩչʮ콣һӵĵӦ֣Ҳǿˡ
ߣ
ҶһתرŬʮ콣˷䣬һӽ˴˸ֲ
ͬʱҶչĹ깲һϺЩ˵ꡣ
ৣ
ܶ˵üĶһСС鱦סԼ꣬Ϊʵ̫ˣϣǶһ塣
飡
ҶʥӼǿü鱦ѣһӱˣͷ­ըڷ
Ȼ޷ɱˣǾȼǵЩʥӼǿǸͲ֪ԼѾ˵ǹʹˡ
ৣ
ҶŲ׷ǲһ⣬գ۳һʥӼǿǰһȭˡ
ܹ֮ҶĹ˺üһȭеɵ
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮һܲˣ
Ҷ֣һȭһʣµʮʥӼǿȫɱ˵һ

ʱҫĲҽ߷ǽ׷ᡣ
˿̵ҫޱȣûкõطˣѪ죬ƨϣⶼҧ飬ϵ·Ǳ˺˲״ؤҡ
ϰգ
ҶһͰǰº׷ҫм䣬ıһ㡣
ң
ҫɫ䣬˴󺰣ϣܾԼ
Ȼ
û뵽ǣ˸û磬Ǽ̨׼ߡ
ʵϣҶչʮʿʱҫԤе˲Ҫնӡ
ϧ˰ƵʦͲܺɳɹԲҵ³
ʵһҲټֱҶƣʱƽⲻˣ޷Բűҧôҡ
꣡
Ҷ߲һ֮£һѤĹâֱӶҫĿڣ඼ˡ

ҫҽһһͷԵϣæתԴϣܹ޸ࡣ
Ȼ׼תԴʱ⵽ػüѿһ⼤ϣһӸһĴָ͸
ҶҲһȭĵϵΪ
ҶģҲŹ㣡
ҶߵǰʱҫͼֲסˣͨʧЧıĿ¶Եɲ
ȻɱңҪñɱ׼
£Ҷһָҫꡣ
һʦĽܳţʹ
䣡
ʱҶͻȻһȻ죬¶һ˿Цݡ
ÿҲ̨֪ˣѾգʹ̨ɳɹġ
ͷߣ
̨ͻȻըɫ䣬֪Ҷ˵أնˣֻ⴦ط˵
ৣ
ৣ
˷ֱ෴ķȥҶֻ׷һˣȫɱˡ
ϰףȥ׷ǴģôֻҪܲסСҶֱ׷ȥ
崦ԣһûܻɱһξԲٷŹˡ
õɱ۲ִеʵǿһƴҪһֽŲܽɱ
Ȩ֮£ҶѡȽɱֻҪܲסƬʱ䣬ܹϻһɱ
׷ǲ¼٣ûʲôܱˣȻҶھȫ磬ȴҲܷӳֲٶˡ
Ƭ̣Ҷ׷Ӷݵ壬һһȭȥҵȭâգ

û뵽ҶȻ׷ɱԼһүү͸Ŀܷ
䣡
Ҷȭâһӻ˿ܷܷһƬ⣬ȻӮҶһ
ۣ
屻͵һѪɫ䣬ȼԼеֻΪӳ졣
Ȼ
Ҷߣسɴ磬ٴһȭȥȭǰԾµȭ⣬߱ǹһеǹ⣬֮͵ۣȫһȭС
һȭףҪ˵Ѫ֮һ۷鱦ҲסҶ˿̵һȭ֮
ҲҪ
һ߰˼鱦ȻȴҶһȭ򴩣͵ס
ۣ
Ȼֵֹıϣ˲䶨
ȻҶһȭδ壬ȴ񱩵֮ݻڵоѨλ궼ĥˡ
һȭɱ壬ҶͣϵĶѹθɾֱ֮ӵͷһ׷ȥ
Ͱ֮ĳصĸӦܹȷϰǵķλ
ô£
Ҷϵʱ򣬷ְ˵أѾӰȫޣȻˡ
쵰ʵ
Ҷľ£ܿͻָ˴룬˵ԭ




1544 
ĴϣŨѪζƮѪȾ˴ء
ʮʥӼǿǰΧɱҶȴȫնɱֻӳ죬Ҳҧˡ
ԭǵõҶָʾߵķ׷ʱ׷ˡ
ҫһսķѵĺܴ󣬱ֻסȴҶԽԭ򣬰һʼûȫ
Ҳӣ·ڸղŵĴսľޣѾսһ
Ϊ˱ˣʼȫڽڰˡ
Ȼ
ڰΪʤȯնԴʱͻȻѣսǣһӴ˰һֲѡ
ǵǰǣҲǳԸɷģڱشͬʱҲļ䣬ҧ
ۣ
˵ҶĿɿڴЦˣû뵽ȻڰгôĿ
Ȼܹƾһ޸ϾǸ裬˵ιˣԿ
µʱ䳤˱Ҷ׷ϣ뽫ǻɱ֮ߡ
Ҳ֪ǽǻɱĻҲӲˣΪԼİȫֻܷ˻ɱǵĻᡣ
ĵѾһգʱڲˣҶЩΧɱסˡ
֮ǰͨѻ꣬ҶѾ֪ڱͨݣĳǳƳǡ
ûǰƳǣƬӲĴ϶У
֪ȻԼϢѾȥˣô϶иҪɱԼ˳ƬϣѰԼټ
ͨʵ̫ˣǧﲻ̲˵Ұ޶һǰǱӺʹҶǻпܶӡ
Ѫɫϣɱ䣬һȥʲôҲûУտš
Ψһľ¾Щɽ޴ѷľʯˣҶù۵ʯȻȴûʲôջ
ЩɱʥӼǿÿ˶һƶС⣬ЯźܶʯһЩĲϡ
Щ㹻Ҳһɱˡ
ǸпҶسŵбɱЩ˵ıȫѹˡ
еǣЩ˵ĿռлһЩ޵ʬʳӶҶӵΡ
죬ҶٴҵһսȻ࣬ȴһʯǸܹڳǧƷʯ
ҶûжЩʯѰ沼¸ֽƣֻǧʯһըĪ۷ǿ߶δܿס
ú֮Ҷãϣܹǰɱһ򾡡
ΪҲصµĽ²һߡ
һУҶ㰲ĵĵȴΧǧķΧڶЩֻҪ뷽ԲǧķΧ֮ڿ϶ҵġ
ǸޱĵطǻصȥأǻصϲҲǿÿ߶֮ͣ
һЩİɣ㲻ҪЩ˵ı𣿡
ҶɽۣſԼΧһеı仯
һֱңԶ쾡ͷƽϳ˴ĺڵ㣬߷ɿӽ
ЩСڵٶȺܿ죬ʱܿ壬һӰŲմأ粻ҡߣն
ˣûа׵ȣ
ҶչһЦô죬Ŀ¶ˡ
ܿ죬Щ˱˰õĴ֮УҶΧһɱ졣
ҶȻ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
һʥӲ̵Цˣ·ҲѾϵ⣬׸һ
ҶһЦûлش𣬵ǿ˵Ŀȴζʥӱס
ҶģѰ㣬ȴԼˣڵ𣿡
һʥӼǿ۾ɢŶ߰Ĺâʵ
ûѾ˹ǶʱˣѾǰ·ϣǲȥǻįģҶشĺܸɴࡣ
˵ʲô˶ˣ
̵ʥɫ䣬Ȼ֪֮ǰЩ˾˭ʵԲԼЩ֮¡
ǶȫûˣԼЩܽҶɱ
Ҷʵͨ۷ѣô˿ֲʵ
һ̣ܶ˶⣬ҶǿǵԤϣǺɱҶȴ뽫Լϡ
ڴʱһХ˶ۣѪڣһǿߡ
ХһħӼԦһҶǰԶͷһɫĴ󶦣ⰻȻе۱Ϣɢ
˵ݱȻˣԺʯҶܵĹżǿ˹
ڹƽһսУҶʧȥ֤֮ģĶˣҪƴҶΪӳһʯ
˿̵Ĺ֮ǰ˺ܴ𣬻ɢźɫɷɱһ㡣
ҶС֣
˿ܻԼʵݳҶǰֱӿ
ҶƵ֤֮ģǲɱҶħĻһˣһɱ֣
꣡
һָһâֱҶüģͬʱչͼӰҶƶٶȡ
ҶȻ壬ôˣԾһս
ھǰпɱ¾֮ѾˣЩѾܶвΨһܹвֻйһ˶ѡ
ɱ
ҶףһȭӳֱӽָâˣɫȭͷӨһɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ˣ
ŲæͷĴ󶦣һâҶȥ׻ɢȭâײȥ
Ҷһչ壬һ㣬ٴκһȭһȻȭͷϣһζ
飡
һȭ׻ɫ󶦷ĲţҶչ׷ǲֱȥժ
֪Ȼһ˿۱ϢȴԲǹŵ۵۱𶦣ͭ
Ȼֻһ֮ƷȴԨ֮ɲɵģͭͨͭɣȻҲĲϣƷȣԵơ
󵨣
ɫ䣬Ҷͽժǿðɣ˫ȭŵȭҲǳֲ
ÿһ۶Ƕһ޶ģǿԴľѧҲǲɸƵģŵȭֲͬ
ҶϹâ˸ŶܲƬɵĻļ׸ֳӲ˹ȦҶѪڣһѪ˿Ҳ˻
ҶȴһɫĴ󶦣ǧһ֮ʣҶƴŰȭȻժɹùɫ䡣
ôܣ
ȻҶĽժˣûɣ
˶ˣΪҶսʤҲ϶ܾˣʱԼٳֵֻ
û뵽ҶȻƴӲǹŵȭĵ۱Ʒժˡ
ֱ췽ҹ̷һ㣡
ˣ
Ҷ¶ЦݣֱɫĴȥɫ󶦷⣬ٱ
䣡
һ棬㱻Ҷôҷ˳ȥһ·ѪҵĹˣ
ʲôһϣ˭Ҳˣ
𾪣û뵽̶һ²ҶʵȻʵķɵÿڣĶʥӼǿһ֣ɱҶ


1545 ͳͳѹ
Ҷժɹһҷɣг˿־𺧡
֪ƾԼûпսʤҶˣֻܹĶһֲϣ
˹ĻʥӼǿ߷׷⶯Ҳһսܣǵ³ҲԺòĶȥ
ɱ
һȺʥӼǿɱȻҶȥÿ˶ԻԼָ̥ĹҲʾ
˭ȶ֣˭
ҶȻ壬ףһϺȣ˾òͣ˽Ų
һ̣Ҷսһ㣬ɢ˵ϢЩʥӼǿ߲
ǿ˶Ҷ֣ȥҲû˲ϧԼЩʥӼǿҲ⡣
ǷˣΪ˿̲ͻŹ𣿲ܵģȻѾˣǵĿľһµģһ֣ҾͲܵסôˡ
ԥǰˣ˵õĴһɱҶɳȥˣЩ˾ȻҶһвòҶˡ
Щ˲ֵĻƾһ˾ԲҶĶ֣Ӹղŵһսͳˡ
ϴʯеһս֮ҶʵʵҲͻһ㣬ԼȫԸҲС
Ҷĳɳٶ̫ˣ쵽ǿ˶еľ
ҶĻҶԺ͵ˣʱԼЩҶĶֵʸûˡ
ϲҪ̫ţǺͼӾѾ㹻ˣҶӦüȥˡ
ţ
仰ɱʥһݣѾ뵽ΧɱҶӪУһҶɱ˹ЩҲʲô³

뵽һƢʥӼǿȳֳ֣һž߷һƬĹâҶȥ
ߣ
Ҷһرչž˲䷭תâԼϣһӽͷ­
ʥӼǿôҲû뵽ԼԼ鱦֮£߶ûһڷ
ˣ
˷׷һĭҶֶβ㲻ӵо۵ĴУߵĴУ˫ûսԶҲС
˵˭ȶ˭ֻҪǲ֣ұ֤ǵްҶɨЩʥһۣԸٴɱˡ
һ棬Щ˶Ŵ󱳾ȫˣ¾ԺҲδرס
һ棬εɱҲᷳˣȻЩǱϾڼʱ򣬻ǵΪ巢һá
ȻˣҶҲ׷Źǡ
Щȴ˼ĺҵõɱ۵ĲִУڽпܻΪ繲ͬĵˡ
һʮʥӣ£֮⣬ҲֻЩӲˡ
ǡ
д󾪣֪ΧɱҶжʧˣʧˣҰܵ൱ס
֮ǽҲûлᣬҶֵʸʧȥˡ
˵֮⣬ҲֻһЩϹ̳ĵӲܺҶˡ
ϴû뵽㾹ʶôĶôɱң㲻ãҶһɫ󶦣һȥ
ৣ
ɫ䣬ֻʩչ䣬ԣֻƴˡ
ˣ
һöԲɢſֲϢҶͷȥ·硣
һöر±ɫĴ󶦻ҪֲǴʥ鱦
ţ
ҶһݣϾȻıɫ󶦹ע˺󶦷·һ㣬ɢһƿֲĵ
ֲ鱦صײһ𣬷죬նڶԽһЩһʥӼǿ߶ʱײɳȥ
ҡҪǳһ㡣
ɫĴأֱӷˣҲϵѣʯա
⾪һ֮£Ҷɫϳһֲ˺ۣ㱻ˡ
ֱӱɳȥͷҲɢѺۣ·һͻһ㣬ѪȾӡ
סڵѪҶɫٴ׷ȥ֪жôǿ
ӵйŵĹֻҪ겻ѱɱ
ۿҶ׷ɫ䣬֪ٶȣԼҲҶĶ֣ھҪʩչѪݴ󷨶ˡ

Ҷ߶ɫ󶦣ֱֲӽǸԲս˴֮УսƷ
ţҶֶ󶦣顱һٴνҷɳȥ
һιܴأȥ
ŵѪ𣡡
£֪ԼһսˣҰܵ൱ףʧȥ֤ģĻҲûˡ
ҪҶŸģԣƴűԴҲҪ
ֻǹŵ۴ֻҪһξѪ˾Ͳ
ɲǼ䣬ָԭ״ʵٴδ˸ۿۣϵرҶȥˣûսʤҶĿˡ
һ̣뵽ߣɽڣûա


ʥӼǿȫɵˣҶĺÿ˵Ķ׹һ㣬˶ˡ
֮ǰôҲû뵽ҶȻǿֵزЩսʤʥӵҶնɱˣǾ͸ûϣˡ

ҪߣЩʥӼǿһź׷ȥϣܹһ١
Ȼ
Ҷǲģɫ󶦺գٱ󣬶ڻֱֲӽ˽ȥ

󺧣ʹŵȭҪĴȻԹŵ۵۱Ʒɫ󶦣еͽ͵ġ
ৣ
ɫ󶦷ɻҶģɾƱС͸ҶܹţһֲϢϡ
Ҷ룬ϰæ𶦷ӡˣ档
˵ҶƣҪһá
ҲǾϵ뵽ģЩʥضǵӴȻвٵ
ҪЩ˻ȡһЩԼõŵĶҩҩҩһЩʯƷʯȵȡ
ÿһʥӼǿ߶һƶıأܾô˷ѵ
ҶߣЩʥǸǿ־壬׷׼̨Ҫնȥ
עʧģƬ󣬶סգܺա
飡
飡
飡

һ̨Īը֮Ǿˣɵɫұ䣬Ҷץסк³
뵽Լô˲ϧ¾ɱ֮ԸԷЩ˵ĶˣԣҶôܷŹǣ
Ҫɱҡ
Ҷ׷һʥӼǿߣսһöƿеʱ˰
İɣҲɱģŵ˸ֵǮҶԥĿϸӡ
ҶģҸƴˣ
һʥӲ裬ʩչҶɱɢ⡣
̥һͷͨƣһС۾ɢſֲĹâ൱
ҶעǱճ̥ҶһƳòķѣ漴ʥҲս˰ƿС
쵰
ʥֻüһ㱻ս˰ƿУ൱ڹ˽ա
һӺʥӼǿȫҶѹһѣһƿװʮʥӼǿߡ
ƿӽɫУЩ˲ʵƿˡ
ɫȻͨͭɵģȴǷƵĵ۱һƵڣܱơ




1546 ժͷ­
ҶСӣδЩˣ
ۿҶʮʥȫѹǴʵ
ڻûãȻɱңȻ׷ŹǡҶ
˵ȫɱˣҲӦãĻ˵ɱߣ˺ɱ֮ȻǸɱӦбɱľ򡣡Ĺâ
Ҷѡļ̳ˣȻ¶ΪҶǣЩ๼ûҪˡ
ҪôбҺġ
Ҷ΢ЦȻûδЩʥӣҲ׷ŵ
Щ˶ǸܳĴˣ˵ƶŵıأԼʥӣǸʥػ᲻ϧһд۵ġ

Ʋ죬൱ԣǰλɱЩʥӼǿߵʱû˿
߰ɣһΣû˻ˣǻԶտȥ
ҶͷҲټȥˣϴΧɱԼ˶ˣ˭ҿ϶ûڿӣ
˳ȥһ̥Ҫܻܿɴ
սҶаԼʥӼǿȫɱѹսνˡ
һսûסˣߵĵ㴫˳ȥ
϶
֪һ֮Ҷһ뵽ľߵ֮⣬ûߡ
ʲôʮʥӼǿ߾Ȼûܽɱˣ
ڿЦɣһôʥӼǿߣԲܡ
һ֮նɱʮʥӼǿߣ̫ͬˡ
Ӳ޵С
Ϣһʱûһţ̫ˡ
漴Ǳ뵽ҶѾͻƵˣ򲻿˿ֲս
ڽļУҶսĵطܶʿ֤
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮Ҷ
˶ҶµʯɱȻĻ˶еһëȻ
ҶѾɳˣʥأ嶼òˣֶ֮˼ɵ
ģʥӼǿߵ鱦ƬԲûпҶĽЩΧɱʥӼǿȫɱˡ
ôʬۣ˶ٸְ
ֱеЩɶʥӼǿ߰㲻ʥӣʵȴѾʥˣȻȫնɱˡ
ҶһսеڵУǵѪԼһ
һƬȻ׷ΪҶɱ̫ˡ
һʧ̫ˣܶʥغϴڵʥӶ뵽Уȴ
ͨһսҶ룬ս˶Ŀ࣬ȻһʥҲƤֱ
ӲȻ޷ѡ
ҶЩ˽ӵϢĵһͷ
ɱ
һʱ䣬׳ۣʱһȻ󲨣ܶ˶ڹע
־ɱ̱֮չı뵽ΧɱЩʥӼǿȫնɱ¹ϣֶκɱŷ硣
ʣĳЩҶ˼⣬ȻҲΪʸ֮ġ
Ҷ£ֱָһ󻼣ҪС
˳ŸɣȶһǿߣҶĨɱδ׵С
ߣԺʩѹԺͱҶǺʿΪС
ɱ۵ڶȥʿѣ
ֶιˣɱĽأһ
ҥ˵Ҷõɱ۵ĴУҪɱ֤粻ʱնɱسɴ󻼡
Ȼ
˲ޣȻǷǣ֪ô£Щ־ɱҶҲкķˡ
˵Щ˶ǾȡҶ˵ɱߣ˺ɱ֮ȻҪɱˣҪñɱ׼
ǶԼãǵΪҶ⡣
ǲûȥǣģɱݣҶҲԼ

ʧȥֵɣĪŭȴһʵһжҵġ
ҶûлصԺڱ򲻶ϵߣӵһĸıԼòᱻϳ
նɱ֮ҸûԺȥˣ
ҶĿĵһųС
֮û̻ԺһҪԭҪ·оˡ
򼸺ǿ߷׷ȻҶնɱʥӣȴֻܰжϻ˵ʲô͵ڳԼʥҲ뵽ΧɱҶжˡ
¡¡~
ҹ󣬱裬ҶһڴУ𽥽ӽһСӡ
µŬڷ١ӳ֮ûлؼңԾ
ӵ˳һӲʮ壡
ҶڱϢ
䣡
ҶСһȭСеĿջȥ޾ɱһξߡ
ʲôˣ
һƻбб
ɱˣ
ҶӴÿһ£Сһ
㣬Ҷ
һ绮ҹʱ˱е
¶ˣ
ҶǺ⣿
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·
䣡
Ҷâʢһȭȭͷһ㣬âۣһ֮ȭͷϣ㹴ϵ׵硣
飡
Ŀâ䣬Ҷսһͬʱ˼ı֮ߣɲ
âɱҹȭâݺᣬС
Ҷ֣֮ǲʲô᣿ϴԺλͲˡһ߳ӦҶĹһ˵
ɣ
Ҷ˿ͣһȭһȭڽڰˣ޻֮
֮ǰȣʵû̫˿̵ӲҶˣתۼ㱻ûѪ죬ͷɢǱ
ҶƥĹ֪ԼΧɱҶѾҶ֪ˣҪɱԼ
Ҷ֣ҳϲĶ֣ҪɱҲûôף
һеߣֻҪӹһ٣̻ؼңʵ޷Ա֮ǰԲٳˡ

⣬СϾʩչļɱҶչ˿񹥡
ڿ񹥵ĹУҲڲѰߵĻᣬҶѾҪ߷ǳѡ
Ҵս䣬ҹա
򣡡
Ҷս£ȴˣļɱնɱ˲٣¶

겻ȣһҶһ۸壬ţۡһͷ­ժ
ҹУҶҴȥû豩УֻСһħıӰ




1547 ǵİ
ڶգϢ˶ˣû뵽ҶȻ˹˳Ծɱɱˡ
֪ϢܼʥףܼҲţҴСõɱ۵ĲִУȵǿˡ
ȵǿ˻ҪǿȴڷҶժͷ­
ϧһУһҪɱҶС
ܼʥף˿Ҳ˲ʲôνһۣһ˲øĹˡ
ܼδϣڣϣûˣùңһûκαʵСʿɱϣ˷ŭ
ңҲ⽫ǵĴ˶
۷׷׵ʱҶųݻ
һ֮Դɱ䣬һҪԭЩ־ɱ󣬴˿ˡ
һһε˵ûʲôǿɵġ
ڸʥ˵ȻһϢҶѾ޼ɵˣֻҪҶԸչı
ʥؼ䣬ȻһЩ뽫Ѱе԰жȴһ
ڰǵİ£ҶգһⰻȻĹųǣǣ
ڱ򣬼еĳǳضǧʷЩبŴڣû˵ЩųǾʼʲô
һųǣɫĳǽϰ߲µĺۼǺӺܿˮĵط̦
ŲųУҶо˵ȴҲûȻ־˻Ҳϡ档
ϾǶǱ򣬶еϵ֮У֮⣬֮ϵС
Ҷǲǹ۹εģҲ£ģ֪Լ˿̵Ĵ
κһǳУֻҪʿĵطܹйԼĻ⡣
˵ھԲʲôõطϾӵ۵Ŀɲֹһ
ôʥغ͹ϼ˶ˣѱûʲôطܹԼı仯
ܿ죬Ҷ۱ǵķֲ
۱Ӵ֮һκһǳжķֲ鲼
СӣһֻСèҶΪ̫ˣһ۾ܱϳ
۱ֲҶ˸ˣ͸Ź𿨡
ǳ˳ڹ£Ҷܿ۱ĺԺںԺһ̨ܴȫԺɴ
ʵҲ̻ܿɴ̨Ҷȴѡ˽þ۱̨ضϲ
ԭܼ򵥣ŲǵļһȻƵʦֲ٣Ҳǳף֪ὫԼ͵ʲôطǾ۱̨һЩ
Ϊˣ൱ΪҶ裬ҶƤ˰졣
Ҷļ£ŵԵǽҲҶ۵˲ٵĺô
䣡
ʯ֮˸һţҶ߽ȥűպϣâʧҶռͨ

ƣԶɽ죬ɽɫͣһˮīɽˮ
Ƕϲʵдգͱֿຮ֮ȣϲһƬ˼ɾ
ǣǶϲһʷƾõĹųǣڵ𵽹ؼãֱڣǽϻа߲ĵۼ
ҶŰ߽ųǣԺѾ̫Զˡ
ҶҲϢһ£ٻصԺȥ
һųǣ߱ʳƷƣǲһ˳ȥҶɵһͷ
ɺ쳾̻ϢҶ޸пʱҲɺ쳾еһԱ
һҶһ׳Ų˵׷һɫǡ
ٶ죬˵ͨˣʥӼʿҲδ׷
߼䣬ҶͻȻǰУɵǸȥ
ֻһǰһ߰СſһϷʹޣϢȫޡ

Ҷ̾˿ͨ˵һϲ˭ҲӲɣ
߹ǰ̵ʱҶ̲ס࿴ۣôһʱƤһ
˲ʮ£ͨҲӦô簡
Ҫ֪ϲԪӯͨˣҲϡ棬ʮҾ˵ģ
ٿߣɫ԰ף˫۽գȴһ˿Σ¶һ˫ֲϼ룬Ȼǳͳɼ
ҽԣɫ԰ףȴкΣǾѪµģɲҪ
Դ磬ҶٳˣҽȴһҲûǣΪսԺ֮ܶ᪻˸Ϊ̵˽⡣
Сãʲôˣ
Ҷǰʵ
Сû뵽˹Լʱһ㶣̧ͷʵĿҶһۡ
Ҷϵо˰ȫųҭҭĽľ˵һ顣
ԭСŮߵŮ׸ĸ˫үүһִġ
үΪͿ˼һְӵգǿڣӶġ
Ϊⲻ̫ãԱ߶ļҰ̣⾺үۿԼˡ
ǰ죬ǵķٱ߷⣬˷⣬ҪһԸһķ⣬ͽǸϳȥ
ԼˣôǮ
ٱЩ¶ū˶һﳤȥ
Ժٱͷ鷳֪ٱүүԼѾߡ
үүֻôһŮȻǲϴӦƴҲҪȫ
磬ٱˣٴζһ٣˵ޣٲ⣬ߴӦǵҪ󣬾ͰѷջأǸϳȥ
ٱֱûԣ
꣬С㣬ڱҪˣ
һǸ̫꣬߰СﶼŹֱ޲硣
Ժĵӣ˵֪Ͳˡ
龭ʱ򣬰ΧѾΧһȺ˿֣ҲΧ
үүôأҶָڵϵʵ
һֻǣ
Ĩ˵үү屾ͲãٱĶūˣΪǮԼ壬һû뵽սҹͱһͷɫĶȥүүĲš
Ҷһһǣҳ
ǻһ£費ԴһһĳҶǰ

СǺָŰߡ
ԴˣһﲻôҲû뵽һӻôĻ
ҶһˣԹҲûãִ˵ϣ̽һ£ȫޣ͸ָˡ
ȴûȥĿǰڼ״̬оȡ
뵽Ҷ˲Ͼףֱ˵һĴ֮
ֻ֮֮Ҫ֮˾Ͳ
Ȼ˵ͺָˣһ΢΢˫ۣ
ɡ
ΧһƬ




1548 ˵Ӱ
ܹģʲô
ЩͨȻҲӴʿʿ˵ȫİġ
ûһʿԸķԼıԴһͨˣԼˣҶ˿̣һͺû˵˾Ȼˣʲô
ҶûЩͨ˵ľǼΪϴ跥ëǰµܲܡ
ۣ
֮һѪҲ˲٣ɫúϵİ˶Ҷκˡ
ллλС磡
վ֪Ҷʱȣǽˡ
˼ҲÿҶϽסҪ¹ͷˡ
лл磡
СͨһڵϣҶͷүΪˣԼһ˾͸֪ôˡ
Ҷһ̧һ΢罫Сӵ
ҽϷ纮ҽܸܲһ£
СɣҶǸưͣܲ˵ҿɾôһӰ

һʱ䣬ҶΧм䣬࣬ϡŹֵҪˡ
иͽȻҶıӮҶЦá
ҶһЩ֢ͨǾҽˣҲҽƷãֻ˵Ժ󾭳һ˵İ̾ˡ
ЩȻڴӦЩ˻㹺˺ܶӣһЩǮơ
ٱˣ
ʱ򣬲֪˭һɤӣΧ۵˺һȫɢˣҶһ»аЦ߹
߸żԲ׳ⷢһӣʿȴ˺ֹʮǧ
϶㻹ҳ̯ϽǮӲ߰͹ǣЦһһϥȥһû顣
׳ŰһЦſ֣ǶٱµĶūƽѹƣнйˣһҲûнҶ
ƾǵ۷̥ͲܿҶΪΪһͨء
Ҷ΢΢һЦɫǰ沼һٱĽп˵ϥϣʵϸû˰㣬ԼǱѵۡ
϶ͷӲҴ򣬴ϲġٱЦһԼĶū֡
ū֪ͷˣһȭͷ߬ĸ°죬һȥ
үү¡Сһ˵ߣ˵
££үүڣ˭Ҳ˲㡣˸ž֣οС
ڴʱҶһվ˺СǰǹճǳǳЦݡ
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˼״һϽȰҶ뿪֪Щĺ
ȻҽãδЩūĶ֣
ˣ
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ܶ·˶ΪҶһѺΨЩʿ޶ԣǴҶɢϢ֪һ֣˵ЩūˣǶδսʤ֮
СӣȻ뵱Ӣۣүүͳȫ㣡
һūһȭҶŴȥȭХƴ
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ͬһʱ䣬Ҷˣ˫Ĺâ̧һƽ˳ݣԭתȦ³ڴһԵڵϣֱһۣȥˡ
֣һϣ
һūųȻ³֮ǰǸһޣٴαҶһƳԭת˼Ȧ׳ͷ
ģҵ˶Ҵ򣬻˲ɣ
ٱûʶԼʲôǵǰһҶϳȥ
ٶȲ죬ҪǰҶһԺѧϰĸ磬ɵ
ž
Ҷһ˳ȥžһٱų˳ȥһײİϣһѪԶ³߰˿Ŵ
ӣ
ٱŭһſŤ۾ˡ
ЩūȻû뵽ҶʿҲ̫ǣӷˣǲòǰƴ
žžžž
ҶֶҿݺݵĶǳͣǳÿ޵ˡ
⻹ҶĺƾҶǲһҲܽǵԴ鱬ˡ

ˣ
˵Ҵǡ
Щ˱Ҷͳعҽ
СӣҸԺĵҴңҸɱ㣡ٱɫ
ͿˣҶǸ첻ߣʲǫ̂ȴ˵
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ҶĵһЦصչƬ̹ٱոףҲ֪˶ٸͣݼȫ˳
ūҶҲûзŹƤһߵشǱƤһ㣬ɱĲҽС
һʼǻźݻвҶǳˣǰͲвøˡ

ˣ
Щ˲ҽҶòˣϧûһԸǰ
ʱһʿģǰҶ˵λֵܣɱ˲ͷأοôأˡ
Ҷͷ˵öԣЩҲ˷ʳɾ
˵䣬Ҷ¼һһŽһūԴ߱ˣѪԽʣµļ˺ٱŵֱӴСʧˡ
ҪɱңҪɱҡ
ٱƣֱɵˣһġ
ʿҲüͷıҶʹ֣û뵽ҶȻ˹ֱɱ֡
ǲͨ˶ѡֺαظϾɱأʿҶǰ˵
ͨҲкû֣֮˾ӦȻ˾ͻ۸𣿡
ҶЦЦĿǰʿ˵
λٱĸЩ飬㿴ܲܿҵϣŹһΣʿ˵
ϼƾʲôӣ
ûҶڣһ˵ˣһӾòǱӴܡ

֣
һȺͨ˸æܣС˶ˣû뵽һֻӵǾȻܹ˵

ʿŭ˵ɫȻһ䣬´һҶɵ˵Īǡ
Ѿµ˴𰸣ȴ˵ΪǸ̫ˣģǵɱˣ
ûң
ҶҲ֪ԷӰµԼݣҲͷˡ
ʲôû˵дĹҸղŵðɡ
ʿɫұ䣬Ҵҵˡ
ҶĴʹܼǿնɱˣԼΪҶǰͲ
Ҷʿȥû׷ϣǰȥһһʣµļūȫ߱ˡ
ˣ
ҶߵٱߵʱһӲԶһ󸹱
ò˺ٱƣʣ϶ٱĸˡ
ۣ
ҶһЦһŽٱԴ߱ˣѪ̻ã




1549 ̣

һ˷·𱻳˹ͷһ̱ڵϣݺᡣ
ѵ𣿡
һĻҶ΢΢üһ£ǲͨɱֵġ
βпɱ¾֮ԼıӲͨ˻ʿֻҪǸɱģ
㣬Ҹƴˣ
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֪ˣȥˣ
ᣬҲʲôö
үһ·ɫ͸ˣ
Χ۵۷׷ףǰһЩӼ߰ߵҲ
ԭ֮нĹģȫѹƵģҲʲôöɱ˷Ż
ȻԱ⣬ԾɶϰģаŮǿǿиʲĶӱһѡȥ˵ӣ޼ɵ
ĶӽԺѧϰ֮󣬸һЩͨɢ޶ҵǣΪŰ˲ٻ¡
˽⵽Щ֮Ҷһ˿ҲʧˣųоһŶ
ۣ
ҶһָüĶʱһѪԵڵϣĲˡ
˻
ΧһƬΧ۵˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻ˹ֱӽʯͷҲˡ
񾡣ҶѪóľ飬겻ʦһ֮ʣ˳µأҲͲкЩˡ
ԣͬĴٷԺǸţҲֹҵľġ
Ŀ֮£ҶŰֱӵλڳеҡ
ųУҲʲô󸻴֮ңҲᣬǽԺţԵ÷ǳɡ
ҶֱһŽ߿չѪϴֻҪ˫մѪйеģӲķۡ
һɨʲô֪ˣ漴Ĩɱ
˵ͨˣҵЩʿҲӲ㣬οЩͨˣ
һյĹҴԺлŵֻʣȼˣʮ˱ɱ
漴ҶҵĲƲȫָ˳еˡ
ҶڻǶ˼죬ڵȣȴٱĸǰҪʶʶܹԺѧϰ˾к˲õĵط
Ȼ
һ˼ȴʼûҶƽϺһֱ֮ͣӻԺ
ٱĸҲа취ǰڵռŴ塣
ҶѧԺʱ䣬ˣܶʥغϴڵʥӶˡ
ȻһЩʥδؾ֪ԼʥӲ뵽ΧɱҶжȥˣҲ硣
ܶʥضɳ˴ǿߣѰǵʥӣȻˣҶɱЩʥӼǿߵսѰص㡣
ѰĽȻ˻ϲ˳ЩûҵԼʥµĺۼʥغлһ˿롣
ЩҵһЩ˿һʣǵʥӿ϶Ҷɱˡ
ҶСӣعأȻõ۱бҪԺʩѹˣ
һЩʥغϴΪҶ˵۱򲻿ܽôʥӼǿ߻ɱ
ΪˣһҪԺʩѹԺٱҶ
ЩҶǲ֪ˣ˿̵ѻصѧԺбչأ
УܹƸģҶǵһˣǴѧԺ߳ĴۣҲûĴ
ϲٽҶ
Ҷչصʱ򣬼ʥǶҪԺҶıȻǺΪС
ԺԺϲԳѧԺɽϿպͼʥš
ҶԺĵӣҲܽȥǷҪֵĻϷˡϲ¶ǿһ棬ֱӽԼľչ¶
׼ۼΪɢֲѹüʥɫ䣬û뵽ϲЩɽ¶ˮģȻͻƵ׼۾硣
Ҫ֪ԽǵԽѽףʱһСϾܿһӡ
ÿһС磬ʵԨ֮ȻǸʥ׼۾ϲȴûаʤ㡣
㱣Ҷ
һʥɫʵڵʥǵʥӱʧٵʥ֮Уʣ϶ǱҶɱˡ
ҶԺĵӣ̤ƽԺ˭ҶһëԺţ
òһźӣϲ֣κ˴Ҷ⡣
һε飬Ժͨ۱Ҳ֪˾ȫЩ˾ȡҶѡ
㡭
ʥǳ˸һɫѿ㡣
ϲȻִҪҲûʲô˵ģҲԶˣϣ㻹޵еġһʥҲ˵
в𣿡
ϲ˵Ͻɢһ׼۵ѹ
㡭
ʥɫ䣬һߣҾͲţܱһӡ
֮⣬ʥغϴڣϼҲѰǵʥӣһʥأʥӾδʥκʧ
˺ããҪѰǲܵģҲѰΪЩʥڻҶɫѹء
һΣҶջķᣬкܶ鱦ƷʲģҶԼҲòϽЩ鱦еգ޸ڡ
СȻѾ޸߳ɣȴƿܴﵽ߾磬޷޸ˡһЩ鱦е֮Ҷ˵
ô
Ҷһ㶣Ըǽȫ޸ʱʲôأ
ϴƽڰҵʱܴ̫ˣҪҵɲĲܳ޸
˵һܣ꣬ڼ۱ʱǿѰҵżɹ
ڣҶΪԶûдﵽԺǿյĳ̶ȣ޷뵽ããȥ
ϣûܹĵطԣֻ޸״̬ˡ
ôﵽʲô̶ȲдأҶгڴ
͵ȫͬ磬ǿҲǵϵǿգ֮ʲô
Ҫ߾С
ϴ΢ͣһ£˵ʵ˵ﵽк۷Ϳˡ
ϵĽҶһЩµ˽⡣
Ҳһ壬ֻǱȵҪ̫ˣҲвͬϿһȴһġ
ãã棬ûԪûһǾ޷ġ
Ϊﵽ߾֮󣬱иǼ֮ˣǸʱ˺ܸߵĳ̶ȣҲյһЩάԼ
Ҷ⣬ϵõ˾ۺ˵ĴУ˫ܹк۷ʱܹˡ




1550 
ԺеһܶӶƴ׷Ҹϡ
󻷾£û˻͵˶ڽŵС
ԭܼ򵥣֮⣬ԴԼ˭ԸԼսɹʧȥ˵λͬʧȥźԴ
ҶŸԺϺԺסǸȥ
⴦أҶһ֮⣬ѧԺеĵû֪澿ʲôӵġ
߽ƬأԪһϡ˲٣һҶǳУֻǲ֪ԺԼʲô¡
СˣġϲһĺͰҶȴҷ
֮ϲҶ裬·Ѿһ̸һ
Ժʲô˵ɡҶɲҺԺϲƽƽ
Ҫ֪ϲݣȸʥصʥ߰뱲أʵɲ⡣
һͱ¨ӲСնɱôʥӣѵͲЩʥر𣿡ϲƷһڲ裬˵
£ûȥԼģ˵ҲҶն˵
СЩʱȷģ㻹̫ᰡϺҲп˵
ҲûиϾɱżǿ˺һЩʥӱѹˣûɱ
ҶԼѹһ˵λԺ˵һ飬ԺϺ۾ʱ˰˶ȡ
ûнȫɱ¾Ƕסˡϲο˵
δЩأϺʵ
ЩʥӼǿߣܳʱѹҪи˽⣬Ļӵġ
ҶҲ֪һ㣬Ϊͷʹǣûδǣɱɱãֲġ
С㻹ǽǷ˰ɣЩ˴ܹ£º֢ϲ˵
УܾôǣǲȥΧɱҶĻҲᱻѹҶû˵ԺϺ㿪ˡ
㿴ϲʵ
һûãʱܷšϺŲ豭Ų
ҶҲڿ£ѹЩ֮һֱδЩ˵⡣
ôʥӼǿߣлйŵۼǿ˹ֱһĲʱը˵ʲôʱ򶼻ᱬըˡ
ð죬õŵľԼãòŵľˣղ˵Ļ͸˵ѣʵڲôĻίԼʯ
ЩԼеرϣ϶ʡ
뵽ҶɵЦƺѾЩʥص̵龰ˡ
СЦʲôأôԺϺ꿴һۣʵ
ûʲô
ҶϽֹסЦݣɫ룬Щʥǵ鱦õ۱ȥĻЩʥص˻ʲô顣
ʥӼǿߵ鱦óԺϺȻؽѵ
ϲҲͷȷЩǷףЩʥһʡ͵ĵƣӴǵĶЩʥưոݣ
ûϺ䣬Ժĺβ;¶ˡ
һЩʲôССֵĲ񫣬ʥһʱ϶ĳüǮⲻɣ

Ҷ

ϲ
ҶԭãԼʥӼǿߵĶѾˣû뵽͸ԺȴС׼ˣ߾簡
ʥӣ̫ˣ˾Σ
ЩʥӼǿߣ㲻ʥҲĳһеĺĵӣǰ;
ĽǵɻĻЩʥط̲ɣƴҲԼʥ˵С
һлˮ൱ƯԼԵõʯһЩƾۻ굤ĲϣҲЩʥزԼ
粨ƽϢҲҪˣ綼Ϊ׼˭˵Լ
ҶΪƣȷһ⣬ֻǲ֪۱ҲҽƷˡ
ȷҪϲȷϵ
ţɱңҲǻȡһЩѣ˵ҿˡ
Ҷ򶨣ԺȰԼֱ˵Ժ֪ΪҺãҾõİ취ҷǣҲ׽ˣֲǣ
ǾͰ˵İɣˡ
ϲ˰ΣջǾҶ뷨ȷʧΪһ취
Ժס֮ҶֱסȥҪЩʥӣҪ˵¡
վס
ҶһƬֵʱһͳ·ſ̹ǵĳһ㡣
ҶɫվסˣɨѾ˵ӣٱ߰˷ơ
һ˲䣬Ҷˣ˾ٱĸ磬ҲԺѧϰǸˡ
ҶģҪս
˻࣬ȴǳɭ
ٱĸɣҶƽʵ
ңҽ䡣ҧгݵ˵
ĵܵܣļʲôԣز˵ɣȻͥӦΪͥ𣬶㸺аŮǿǿЩӦҲ֪ɣʲôҶת˵
˵̣֮ƴΪ˼˲۸ܹһ㣿ȴɱҵļˣٵǵĸҺ޲ʳƤΪܵܺͼ˱𡣡
һŤˣɢһϢ
Ҫսҷ㣬£Ұ¾
Ҷ̾˿Ժ֮ݬ룬ѡӵʱ򲻿ƷԣֻǱΪɵġ
ɱң߱ɱ֮ǰʲôҲˡ
˵Ҫô̸ȥսָ̨ʤҪôǾﶯ֣ѡɡ
ðɣ
Ҷ̾˿֪һսģ㲻ȥֻܾˡ
Ժӵսй̶ս̨Ҫʦ֪ʦļ֮½вЧ
սͲЩˣ϶ֻһս̨
ѧԺеս̨ܶ࣬ǹд֮õģԺ֮дбŨġ
ÿһ˶˭һõԴԣдսսҲʱ
һ˵ѧԺздսսûж˿ÿ˵ʱ䶼ܱ
ȻˣλսĴͱǵ»ǺŨģƽʱ˭Ҳᱻʱ˷
ְɣ
վһս̨ϣҶѸٽս״̬κε˵ʱ򣬲˶ġ
ɱ
Ҳϻһȭȭâڰ·ͻȻһǹݺҶĵȥ
úã
Ҷһ߳絶ǹâȥɫ֮һӽǹâɢˡ
Ϊ˱У֣֮ҲΪ㣬ͱҲˡ
Ҷ˿
ÿĿ
һƱǣһ㵭ɫâ
ৣ
һɫľ˲Ϊһʵٶ˰˰Ĺ




1551 쾯
Ҳ֪ʵҶΪˣѡսپһɱУͼҶһֲ֮ڽҶɱΪ˱
ɱ
˼㣬һȭرɫҵȭâʵʣϵ̫ҫۡ
ĹҶҲдһ㣬ϯ죬ʮѨе̥Ӱһŭ

ȭҶɫȭͷϺȻһһĵۣ֮֮ϡ
䣡
˵ȭͷײһ𣬿ռ˵ȭͷмһڶ񱩵ڶ֮С
ˣһܻٵս̨зƱûá
꣡
Ҷµս̨ѿķ϶ϥȫûʯͷС
ۣ
ҲܣҴܣһѪͷҲɢˣϵƬ䣬Ѫ졣
Ҳİ
Хţֱȼ꣬·𸲸һɫĻ棬ɲǼսٴһɡ
Ҷҡͷ䲻νǿԶĶ֣ȻӲܶԼʲô˺ˡ
ɣ
״һ𣬺ҶȥȻҪԱ̥Ҷᡣ
ţ
Ҷüͷһһչ׷ǲɿһԶȥ
䣡
̥Աˣ񱩵˲佫ս̨ݻˡ
ҶȻʱҲˣһײɳȥ߰ԶһѪ˿Ȼˡ
Ҷû뵽侹Ȼ˹ϧԱ̥ҲҪԼᣬҿǿᣬпش
ʱҶͻȻоһǿľԼʶűŰϢ
깥
Ҷɵɫһ࣬û뵽侹ȻԼս
֮սΪգвпԵ˺޷޸
ҶԴɵӡʶϿգ綨һ㣬ɢŽɫĹâ

ٱ˵ӣЦû뵽ɣ꣬˵һƤҶѣҿ⸱ƤңֻҪ꣬Զ塣
𣿡
ҶЦ
꣬û˭
Ͼ֪ǲˡ
£ͻȻһս꣬ɫսɢ˵Ϣ
רŹ
Ҷͷһû뵽侹Ȼ˱һ֮ս²ɡ
ȻҶҲģĵơ
ɱ
һսֱָҶüģûˣüȻҪ
ৣ
Ҷһ֣ӡУսӭȥ
䣡
һ죬ҶʹͬҲҽһһɻ˳սյϡ
棿ô棿
侪ֵʵ
ȻǶľѻ棬ȴźܴ˺һշģû˸ҽ뵽Լ֮С
Ҳã棬ҽˣͱҵˣʱҽǿ󣡡
ѬģΣգȻһ޴ͷ­ſҶȥ
ҵֻ꣬ûǸ£
Ҷһӡϣӡȼܻ棬ֱͶûĴ֮С

ٴα˵ģɫĿЦ
ΪҸóȻҼȻһаգˣ俪ʼеҶꡣ
Ҷ˿˼鷳긹з·и·֯ͼЩͼɢ⣬Ҫꡣ

ǰδеΣ֪֮ʹãһ˱
ȼգҶɵӡһǿĴ֮⣬ûܽҶƵľ
䣡
䣡
䣡

ҶɵӡϵغΧ·ͼ˳ȥ
ҲҶվҶʶ֮УϵҶ꣬ƴһ
ⳡս˿ճ־õսƴľ˭ֵܼʱ
֪˶ã˵궼ޱȣ˭Ҳκβ˭յĽпܻͬھ
ʱҶʶϿգһɫĻʹڳˣһâֱӻ꣬Ҷϡ
һޱȵ֮
Ҷõ֮ɵӡٴη񹥣һӽˡ
첻ңս֮ʣ
һӾˣʱҶʶһֱһ۱ڡ
깥۱Ҳ޲ߣҶһʼûжõ۱ԼİҶһꡣ
ɣ
Ҷ̾˿ӡճޡ
ɱ֮ҶҲǸе£ֽٺĸо
֮治Уʲôп֣ܳᣬǾһ֮ĻΣˡ
ܹ䣬ҲпܾˣԼܵ޷޸˺
¸˾ӣԭΪԼʵԲʥӼǿ߷ˣȴʵһΣκ˶ԼǿľС
ٴΧһƬǽӣҶҡҡͷҺû˹ۿ֪ôճˡ
ʵ֪һսһֱڹעһԺϲһǸԺϺ꣬һִӥɡ
Ҷ̾˿֪ˣ֮սΪա
ս̨ȥҶҵ飬˿ûбչأҶ¶һػЦݡ
СܵܣԴȥ֮ǻûо۹أóҾһ£Ƭ̣ȥ֪ͨˡ
ûҶڣ㿪ʼȻĹâһݶׯͽԵܵܵ۰
Ҷһ£̾Ϣз·һЩʲôֺжʲô˵ʲôо
ܿ죬ˡ̫ʥӡʯҰ˾Ƶ˶ˣҶ˽е֡
˵Ƕǰɣ
ҶЦźһһܱһ¡
һ˹ģ̫ˣǺҶĺ˵ˣ롢侪졢̵ܿҲˡ
һΣһĵӼȫˣֻڱأʱܳء
ҶֵܣûɣҪʥӣ
ѧԺɽУܣһ⣬߷һ̳̳ƣ˶ҶĻˡ
СܵܣҪʥӿɲǼС£
ȷҶڿЦ֮˶һüͷȰ
㣬Ѿˣֻǲ֪᲻Ծ۱ʲôӰ죿
ҶСĵʵǶԾ۱ӰĻԸʥˡ
Ӱ쵹ûУҲ̫ˣҪ͸һ¡ôʵ
ʲôĶУ۹似ɽȵȡ
ʥӣǹһΣ




1552 ʥ
ʥӡ
̫ˣ
֮࣬˵ֽкãǿЩ˴ҵġ
Ҷֵܣ˭Ҫǵɵùˡ˾ư뿪ЦҶ˵
ұƣҶЦ
У
ڣ˶ҶһָҲ֪Ҷǿˣֻгرˣ
پ۲ͳԵڣڼ䣬ˡʯҰ˰ҶıߣôЩʥһ̧ͷ
ʥӰǹ裬ǳѲݳ϶
ʥŮǾɳǵȺ֤¡
ǵù껺ǿЦãҲҶĿɿڴЩ˿ɱԼˣ
һȣԼֱǴСɾ
ˣˣ죬һ𸴵ġİ˶˵ʲôˡ
һ̳̳ƴ⣬磬⣬˼Դȡ
ڶһ磬ҶӵĻش𣬿ҪڷɳΪɳǱʥǣҲġ
ԴˣҶû鿪ʼﱸóһЩĵر͸Ĳϣ׼ơ
ҶҲóһЩ鱦ȻʥӶҪˣЩ鱦ȻҲڻ£յȫա
ҶҲûȫһ͸̣ҲֱʯҰͺ˵˷ˡ
֪Щ֮󣬶û˵ʲôûΪҶ͸ЩǼ޻ǡ
칦򣬾۱ҪٿϢ㴫ĸ䣬ܶ˶۷׷ס
СϢƣѹĽĳǿˣ
ϹɣǿôܳΪƷ
ģںܶʥغϴڣϼ˶ż䱦ʹʯ˷ɳǣ׼Լʥأ
۰˭⣬ô𣿡
ܿǸҶˣϴʮʥӼǿ־ɱɣɱܶ࣬Щûɱѹˡ
ڴʥص
۱Ҳǲƴ֣ȻҽƷⲻǸʥصʥв𣿡

һʱ䣬ӿÿһǳأÿһڴ˵£˵˾֪ͨϰն˵¡
ɳһʱΪ¥ջԱһЩ񷿶ǿˡ
Ժϲİ£ҶЩʥӼǿ߷ֱѹڲ֮ͬУ顣
Ҳǳֱӽ۱õļ϶ˣǸЩƷİȫ
˵ǲ޳ɿģ֮Ի˰æһǿҶүүͦˡ
֪ҶҪʥ֮ûб̫ϣڱ׵ʱϸҲүүڳİġ
֮еҲɵĽţܿ˺䶯
ʥӣبδЩʧʥӵʥغϴڣļ١
ʱһĹȥˣҶҲϲͬ£գԺϵɳǡ
ҶѹᡰƷṩߣȻھ۱ӵһϯ֮أϲ͸˵ˡ
ʵԳƵǾ۱θĳҺүүЩ顣
˺ܿͱȴ٣ɳзӿɽѹָС
ʱһһĹȥٽڣ۱㷢Ӣ·ţˡ
˿ʼһ죬᳡ϼˮйͨˣܶϹǶˣ׷֡
£ȫͳҪˣΪ˱֤ܹ˳УϲҲѹˡ
еԺԺҲˣϾ۱ϸׯׯĴѹ󣬾Ҳš
һʼûʲôһЩҩͲʲôģҲһ߼似¡
ĥߴˣ֪ΪʲôģǸϽͷϷɣЩɢ塣
֮ǰǾ͵õϢһεϻʥƸʡ
λ԰꣬Ҫ̡ϲʮ˵
Ҷ˿ڹУ͸īˮĥľ޴ƬܹĿϷһС
ӣԳɣ߾鱦Ȳҽ˰ɣ׼ʯסƷʯ
Ӳǻƽı𣿿ͷϷҪˣ
ƽʥҲ뵽ΧɱҶսˣ
ǻ˵ҪȻô

һۣƽʥɫһֱߵһϺۣĿĴ˭Һۡ
ӱϾǻƽı˵С
Ҳ˼û˸߾鱦ʲôֱӵõ
ҶҲԿ뵽һ㣬ǰĵѹۣԼı
ԭҶڶ׼۵ʱһӶֵλòĵطֻҪ΢Ӽ۾׬ˡ
Уһ鱦͸ֲϱóÿһ˾ЩԸı
ȻˣЩԼ֮⣬˻ûϾÿһﶼкܴ֪ȵġ
еĶ֮ҶѾõ˺ƷʯһɼƷʯҲжʮ֮ࡣ
棬ǽǵĵһƷƷ۾ʦܹĶġ
Ļϲǿֲһ磬һϽ«еʥӼǿ߷ų漴סá
ˣ
ģ˭ѵĳʥصʥӣ
һ̣һͷӶ
ô
ɻʱһҵסˣǶ޳ۣԼĵӸϤ
ʮһƷȿȿȡһʥӼǿߣӵвʥӵʵȥԲԿ
ʦ˵ԣûӹĻǹУرࡣ
ʦ׼֮󣬾ȻھģΪ𱬣йɲݵζ
Ҷһˣ֮ǰѾ뵽ΪÿһԼĵж
ĸʥӼǿ߱ƱҪĻжԵҪʥӼǿС
һԼõ˵жʥӣƺ϶ԶԷһĴԶǵľ˽ƽ⣬Ҫġ
ֻֻ̧ۣҶڷǳġ
ϲĿҶǸңľ׼жѣ
ûпʼ֮ǰҶԤϵ˻ʱϲЩţڳˡ
գʥӼǿ߱ĳۣҶ׬˸
Ÿոտʼ




1553 ǿˣ
ɳǱĳǳأҲǺܶʿĿеʥǣܶ೬Լĵ̡
ʯ־¥۱δΣԶڿеĹɢ⡣
ȻΪ򳬼֮һľ۱ڷɳȻҲԼİ´Ƕݻ
⻹һЩ³ҲǼݻȺˮС¸ʹһŹߴԵĴ³
ڣ˾¥ͿջΪ⣬طſȸ˵Ŀⶼھ۱ȴյĽ
иǸ߳һһһʥӼǿ߿ʼ½жʥӼǿ߱Ƴÿһ˼ľġ
ΪҶͼ۶ļͣһʥӼǿߺһͷļ۸࣬˾޴ĺ䶯
̫ˣ
Ҳ˵һЩֵɢЦƶƤʥӼǿ߸ɫλϣ˫ۼ
ڵϧһдҲҪǾĵ֣жԵҲҪĵ֡
ÿһʥӼǿߣȴʺԣܹɳֵز϶ķ˲ٵԴҲѧϰŵǿ似ȵȡ
Щ޼֮֮ܽĵУܹõһĹ似
ԭÿһʥӵļ۸һ·ܿܵһʥضоεļ۸
һʥص޲̣Ҷһʵ̫ˣǶ棬ǴһѪ
ܶΪԼʥӣ˶ĸҩҩҩóˡ
ΪѼƾۻ굤ĲϣҶ⿪һŵӣвϵĴ򶼴ˣҲϵҲ˱䶯
ΪԼʥӼǿߣЩҲȥˣıＸ˸׶
һʥӼǿɹҶõıҲԽԽ࣬һδա
ÿһκۣЩԸʥǶűӣĴ󳬼Ļͷˡ
۱Ҳ൱ѹϾЩνġƷԸĺĵӣʥӡ
ЩʥӼǿߣ۱ȡӶҲǷǳɹ۵ģ˵һҶ;۱֮˫Ӯ
Щʧȥʥӵĸô룬Ǿ͹ܲˡ
е˼۱ʥӣ˵ʷϵȺӣһЩϹ΢Ц
¸ЩϹûʲôϵֵƸʣһ²
Ϲ߶һЩ̬ˣɢѷɫκʥӡ
һʥӼǿ߱ǸԵʵߣҲ𽥵ѹβĽ׶ΣܶûзԼʥӵĵһһɲĸоͷ
ԣǵʥԶܳˣ
ʧȥʥӵĸڵѪҶ޵˼㣬ȴûκΰ취
һȷǾȡҲûҶ֣޵ҲֻܰиһЩСĿŵı
ԺΪҶЩʥҲֻܳԸưͿ
˶֪ѹĿ϶ǱʥӻҪʥӵҲΪѹġƷˡ
뵽˶֮ǰǱõϢΡƷһǿҲȻС
ʣյѹϡ϶λǿˡ
̫ˣ۹似ģҲģǿҲȴǵһ˵
ǵ֪ϣյѹϡǵǿ˵ʱ˶ɵˡ
ϼˮйͨ˶뿴ϡ棬λۼǿ˱˷²Ʒġ
ϯУ˶Уĸʳʥأңʥغϴڣħߵȵȣ˵
˿̣˵Ŀⶼ̨ϵʮʦϡ
棬ǵĹԱóѹϡ䡪ǿˣ
ʦʮƽƽͺͣ᳡ɳǶܹõ
ģҪǿˡ
˼飬̫˼ˣ
˵ɻλǿⱲǻˣ
֪ĸǿôùƷĶ֡
ɱܣõǿˣϴ֮·ȴ˵ɻ
Ҳ¶ˣԼǿ˳ϣƷ˾ۡ
ٲ£ǽЩɱҲȷҪǿЩưոݣ
һʱ䣬۷׷ףܶʿţʥѾˣǿҲе̫ˡ
ЩۣڳдЩԼʥûв뵽ΧɱҶ֮е֮⣬ȫɫ
ܶඪʥӵ鶼ìܣϣԼʥӳƷУ۸۶Ҫֲϣǳ֣Ͼ̫ˡ
εʱһɫ󶦱̧̨ϣʱò˾°͡
ɫĴ󶦣۴ɫϣ͹ŵ۵ĵ۱һģһʣ϶ǹŵۼķƷƷܳ
ৣ
һɲǣ˶ڹϯϵĹżʥȥʱùżʥձ
ֳϣ޲һƽʦеȻɱˣԱȫżҵ
ֳҲ壬ͲǣżҾ۱СҲͬʱôʥΪѡ
ʦ𶯴󶦣żǿ˹汻Ѫ߰ߣޱȡ

һӷˣ˿̵ĹûκΣĿͣ·ɵһ㡣
ŵۼǿˣͨŵĸֹ似ͽȵȣȥȴԲԿļʮＫƷʯÿμӼ۲õʮھĿʼʦ˵ЩʱҲܱŤǰ˼ˡ
ôʦǵһˣȻĿŵǿˣⲻǺĴ
żʥɫλѿ
˻
˶һһǿˣ׼ʮʯԲ࣬³ɽۻᱻȥ
Ȼˣ˺ǾУ˾ĻҲڵذϡ

֪ԼĴ֮󣬹һѪû뵽ҶȻУƷˡ
ʮ
żʥ𣬵ȴòۣĻȥ֮һҲù˵С
ʮ
֪ĸﴫһı͹żîˣֱӼӼ۶ʮʯ
һ
żʥɢֲϢǸȥ֪˭Ȼġ
ҶҲΪ⣬ԭ뷨ʮֻҪ΢Ӽ۾Ϳˣôʯ㹻ˡ
ͨһˮ룬ܶʿһӶϣΪҪعģʵľ
ѭȥֻһ۵Ľһں֮еڼӼۡ
һʮ

żʥҲˣû뵽·ɱôļƻ
һʮ
ٶʮ

ѵĽչżʥ۸ٰ̧ʮŽ
۸񣬼ǵżҲ̣ȴһ취ҲûУֻϵù
ѹĹżǿ˵Ĺճأܶ˶޲뿪һվ׼뿪
λԵȣмҪ˻֪ң
ʱ»ʳĻվˡ




1554 ζҩ
ɳǵʥȻѾˣǴ˵ȴԶûн֮ơ
һʥӼǿᣬν𶯣һµħڵ˶ˡ
»ʳͻȻڣˣһǳҪ顣
󣬷ɳȻ洦¡
̫ˣʥӼǿҲ޵еģʵŷ׷׳Ӷʼįˡ
ǱȻģݴ۵Ʋ⣬ɵһԼˣԼҲ
ò˵һǸҶһƱģջķᰡ
ҲǸ۲бҲ°ӼʥӼǿ
ǳжƵۣʿͨˣ̸ʥӵ顣
˶֪Ҷ׬ˣͬҲ𡪡ʥӣǽЩʥغϴڵ˵͸ˡ
ԺΪЩʥغϴڻһҶ߳ԺЩʥغϴڵ˿϶ᰵжֵġ
ԶĲ˵죬ϼڣԶʥء͹żҡ򱱲ңܼҵȵȣ±ɱ
Щʥغϴڵǿ߾뾡ҵҶ£Ϊʥӱ
ЩҶҲ֪ȴûϣһʼʥӵʱ뵽Ľ
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磬һУ˵֮⣬ûĶ֣ԹѵҲ¡
ʼ֮ǰҶðΪ˴Ĵ̨ʱضܺգ򲻹ܲ
ټϾĴս׷ǲ־һ㣬հ˵Ǵۼƣûʲôסˡ
һΣҶջķᣬջ˴ʯкܶʯҩҩĲϵȵȡ
øɵйĸҶе㲻ˣЩоԶϴҲδڸС
һΣҶ׬˸ž۱Ҳһʺơ
۱۱ȥӶ𲻶࣬мӴĻ۱Ծɺ׬һʡ
С
Ǿ۱ڱɳǰ´ԺһС㣬Смľ߽ġ
ܹСʵһ˼վСУػȻһ壬ûκβгĵط
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СУһطʯ֮ϣһ˫һ˲˲ĿҶ
˵ʵû뵽ҶĳɳٶȾȻ֮죬ͷ룬Լѡ£ʱЩðյĳɷ֡
ڿѡ̫ȷˣҶǳ֮һһɳ죬һԶԶ
ŴǰʱҶǷǳСģȴѾչֳ˼ǿǱ
ڣѾԼˣֳɳٶȣνǰ̶̼꣬ѾһͨСʿɳʥصʥòӵǿˡ
иʱҶת¶õЦݣ㣬һջ˶ҩ

ɫһ죬εڻûӦòˣһǽʥصļҵ׶Ϳˡһûмʮ궼뻺
ҵģֻҪң˻ǺġҶչһЦ˵
˰ɣնɱôʥӼǿأ㲻Ļһɣһ֣һ˵
ȿȡ
ҶɿһΪΣ˵ǽЩҩᵽһͳһºˡ
˼
Ϊ΢΢һЦԸȥЩҩűĹԱҩȫ˹
СССб˸ҩҩҩ
ȻˣЩѾͳƺͷ࣬Ҷ˸ٶҲܿ졣
ʱҶһӣҩͱҩȫϸֳһɫ
ʣһʥӣȷջ޴󣬲õʯƾۻ굤ĲҲռˡ
˵ͳƺͶԱȣҶȷϣۻ굤Ͼ뱸Ψȱζҩ
˵صģǴҲܹȫ˽İأһֱڲ֮˽϶ͨ˸ࡣ
ԣһ𣬽Զ˺ɢǿʿҲ
ۻ굤Ǵ˵еһɷܹʿɢĻؾһ壬ĹЧ
ھۻ굤Ч̫죬ǽһȥ¾ȻҪɴ˵ĲҲǼġ
ôֲиŬҶҲռһٲֶѣҾۻ굤ҩ̫࣬ԶҩĲ϶࣬
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ȱٵҩҩ
ҲƵصǴһĹʵֻڼ֮Уû˭Ҳ֪ʦ˵õһö֮˰
Сھ۱󳤴󣬸챦˽⣬ڿҩֵʱҲԾ
֣ҩ͸ҩҲǳҶܹҩ룬ҩҲõѾǷǳˡ
黹Ūҵõ˵һʦĴУֻҪֶһܹҵҩˡҶü
ȷֶδţҩ֪ڣҩɼ˵ҩˡ
ݴ˵ھһС䡯ҩֻ˭ҲûΨʵﵽ׼۾죬֤ɵ֮ɳأɵҩ
˵̾˿ֻϧǿսҲﲻ̶ֳȣû˸ȥðգҪҩ̫ˣ
ô˵ϣģֻʲôôû˵Ҷʵ
ڵõۻ굤Ĺŷ֮ҶҲ̹ϧҲ˵Ȼ
֪֮ŷΪĳλɹһ¯ۻ굤Ȼһ֪ʴ

Цһ˵´㣬ֶ˭ҲûֻڹżйģдݺܶǿƲ⣬ҩڳ·;УͲϡ
ţ
Ҷʱɵˣ⻹ôң·֪ʲôʱŻῪܵȣܵ
Ҳ̫ʧˣҩҲδ֪ҶɫЩԣο
ûʧôҩ͸ҩҶռȫˣҾͲҲҩҶ̧ͷ˫Ĺâ
׼ôһﵽģʱ䲻̫ãҶг־
ΪϾ£׽
ֻҪһϣҪٱŬȥȡ
⣬һ˶İŮ˵ĳŵ




1555 
ʥ᳾䶨ܶ˸ͷɨأһ˴ʯͱν˶ˡ
֮෴Ҷȴض飬۱Ҳ׬һʣγ˫Ӯľ棡
Ϣţɷˣš̫ϳϣͨӺջͨˣΪΪҶͬŶе
Ҷ硭ףƽƽѡ
ɺɽͯ糿վһٲǰ˫룬
̫ˣǵʦֵ
̫һ˫۷Ź⣬Լȥսˡ
һȥΪҶףһ
˶һۣͬ˵໥ƣɽȥˡ
ӥչ᰿ˡ
ĺվϣ˫ƺܿա
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ͯڵõϢ֮󣬳һ˫â
ŵƽʣȹ껹֣ˮϯڿΪҶף
ֻϧȴûеǴӷɳֱӻصԺ
ѧԺеСϣҶʱܹһЩĵӣÿ˼Цͷߴк
˵һʥӣԺĵλõȹ̺
ΪԺһǿߵĵط
Ҷһ֮Ƶ˱֣֮һɱôʥӼǿߣǷ²ѹһʥӼǿߣĵǿҲѹˡ
սɵǲغ;η˵ǶԺеͻôҶԺзɳѾһˡ
һЩԭҶеԺǳǵѡ˳ţڵҶ죬ӿ⣬Ͳսʤġ
ּϿҶƺѾ޿赲ˣֻҪһǿ߲֮£һг˵ӣܹ棡
ЩкԺӣҶȻҲ㹻أʱͣ䣬̽һеĵá
Ȼˣ󲿷ֶҶ˵ҲõһЩ
˿̣ԺϲչصĽطȥ˶֪ҪȥԺȴû˵ʲô
ڵҶʸ
һ·ѣҶԺϲסƬأԶԶؾͿһҡյɹ̫
˿̵ϲôһҪĺݽɫһմͨũ
Ժٴȥ֮ؾбչһʱ䣬֪ɲԣ
Ҷżɽֱ˵Լ⡣
ҩĽ֮ҶԼʵҪʵ
Ѿͨ۷ˣֻǻû¶ѣţֻҪ׶ĻУӵʯָտɴ
˶ĵطֻ֮ؾؼΪŨԪǿµľ֮ء
ţϲԲܾҪģƾԺĹףȥ֮ؾһʱ´ࡣ
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벻ǣϲȻû̴𸴣ǳ
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ϲһ˵֮Э鼴ڣвһʱ䣬Ѿڴˣ֮Ҫĵ̣ǵĵ֮ڣ֣͸ɱۣ
Ҳ̫ˣƾҲڵطֱҶ˫ιâս
ŵıǮ
ϲ˵ôϢ徿չʲô̶ȣһ֪϶һսģⳡս˺Ȩԣÿһ˶κϺ棡
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⣬һЩϹǵĵҲ˵ⲻһսһսغδ˵սҲûгۣԣһεս½ںڰҡ
ϲ˵ô࣬Ҷ壬εսһŵ˽⡣
˵ôر仯ʿҪԽԽѡ
һԪƺлƣܶǿʶˣһһҲ˲űкһƴ֮
Ȼɽһ磬ʵȴж죬ɽһܴ磬㹻巢չ׳ˡ
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Щ;ֻѪǳǿ󣬻޵ѪһЩ޵
ȷ˵ЩƬҲеͷϳǣţһ
ôϢ϶׳˲٣ҼȻǸʣ϶һİա
ⳡսǰֹۣܽսһ֮ڵĻ඼һƽ١
»ʳĹŻҪϢ֪ʱ»ʳĻı¡
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ʵҲΪչ»ʳʵһξѵĻᣬʳֻ»ʳйŻӷӡڣʳûС
ᣬ»ʳҲչʾһԼʵڽøĻȨ
ȻˣⲻһľۻᣬͬʱҲӦԼһγʥ顣
ʵϲǴ̸УѾˣɳǿʿбԱԽһд衣
д裬ʵϾս
ΪεսغǷܹ¶ĿȨΪףūࡣ
˵ҲͬҪⳡϣ϶ٰһԺд裬Ӷѡ֣Ը塣
ϲ֮ûͬҶǰ֮ؾбչأҪԭǾǰ»ʳѾԶˣһչأܻܿⳡʢᡣ
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ϲ˸еİ취Ȼײ֮ؾûȣطҪ̫ˡ
Ǻðɣ
ҶͷӦȻЩ⣬ȴҲû˵ʲô
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֪ϲⳡʢᣡ




1556 ʰ
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ҶĴ̼£˾ơʯҰЩҪõ˶׷ױչأγһ׷ҸϵŨΧ
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֮սûзϡ
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ں˵ŬȡҪҶ̫࣬п޷Ҷսˡ
ⲻϣģ
ײ㣬Ҷϥһϣʣɾ֮С
߸ǷųɶѵʯƷ߼Ʒʯ̺źԪ
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Ҷչͬʱϲϼ룬ׯ£ǳ¡أΪӭһҪӡ
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ĵһͻˣȴܹӳֲսʱı
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ʯԱ߶ѻŴƷʯЩƷʯеԪ׷ʯӿȥٲһ㡣

һͳ̾Ϣʯзһ㣬̱ڵϣʥҲҧѵĳܡ
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Сɼ˶־ҪƵҶħֻ潫Ҷܣ֤Լ
һ̣·һţ߷ΪҪе




1557 ׷׳
֮Э鼴ڣڼķΧʼý
ҶǰϦ¾ᾫӢпԵף
ʱ׳ۣʱһƬ󻩣
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ҶֶѪ飬ôʥӼǿߣ˵ննˣ˿û֮ġ
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Щ˻ҪҪˣ־ɱҶɣҶɱǿоͳҶԵˣֱ֪ܣ
˵ȺҶϵ˷׷վΪҶƽ
ûϴǾ˵ɱ۴ˣõɱ۵ĴУ˵Եףĵ
ԺҲǿƽ룬Լ
ҶԵ׵ĻûҪʥӣǻԼʥӵĻᣬ˵ЩʱûԼģ۱Ҳ
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ڵνǷƱãƹӿ
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˵ֺϻúܶʥǿ߶е˼顣
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ƵǣӻǴħֻҪһΣգ˱ػֿС
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ѻѪɫϦ£һĺľɽϲлϱڣĲݴأ·ûˡ
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˳Ŀΰ֮⣬òͨҲͨͨ˵ȺоҲˡ
߳ʯ®վڷ嶥˫ŨŨ˼;ƺʲôԸĶһ㡣
գ췱ǵʱ˵üᶨƺն˼;
Ȼתưܲҡҡ׹ʯ®˾Ÿͷ
ʦģһá׾ȭʣ˼ҵ
綼̸ۣ˷Ӻħħ֮ɽ߳һͨͨ꣬׾ȭܾ¸֣ǿޱȣһ·
ʱһЩмʶһǿ뵽ν׾ȭµλ˵ĴС
׾ȭ˼壬׾ȱȻΪ׾ȭȴǳ󣬲ڴ似
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׾ȭͷӡħȻ󲨡
ʥӼǿߣЩǰصʵ𽥸ˮ棬Щ˾ʵ͵ۡ
Ҳıãǧɢ
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ңԶĶ߼ʣ󺣵һ׾¥Уһ泯󺣣ϣһɫַзɳɫС̫һҫۡ
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⻹һλۣϹ޸֤֮֮õλʵһҲλ۲
ĵ˴ˣв
һЩ档
ĵ۴˳֣ζһĴвδϾΪص룡




1558 ڽȴд˵
򡢱򣬶Ϲ̳ǿ߳ޱ߾ˡ
òƹܶʥӺ͹ϼǿ˶ǿҵΣС
ЩԤʾһ׳ĴʥӼǿҲû˿ƣпڴɳб̭ȥ
ͬʱҶҲٶȱ̬ܶȵʿΪкЩʵ
ƽ֣֮ɱôʥӼǿߣȻʥӺ٣Ҳ˺͵۵ʵ
ܶճ͵ӵ˳ԽĿꡣ
ܶ˶ΪҶ˵һĪϾܹ˵ɵӼԴǺܴ١
ǿˣ⵹һʮȤ飡
ħڵ֪Ҷ¼֮󣬶ʱҶΪ֪޲̼˵еˡ
ΪħڵħһпգصҶʥӵ˸ɽˮ֪ĸо
һ֮Ƶ֣֮дһ
׾ȭĴ˸սĹâ
ȻҲ߲ʫ˶֣ҵһдһʹ÷
ĵ۴ˣʮ̩Ժ
ճҲ׷׽ҶǿĶ֣ϾܹʮʥӼǿߵΧ»ܰȻҽַɱģֵǸ㹻ӡ
ڽȴд˵
ҶȻԺײչأйĻȴϺܶ˶ڲ²⣬һҶ˵ı֡
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⣬âᴩ¶ʧɫ
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1559 ʳʢ
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ԭǶҶ֮ǰõʶһĻԵøĽܹһϿɣ˵һЩ
һĻӪУӣ־üͷ΢΢һ£һ˿ײĹâ
˭Ҳ֪˿Щʲôߵʥûв
ˣ»ʳĹŻѾΪ֪ʽˡ
»ŻӹȻдǣѡʱѹ嶯ңʵ֮
»Żд֮磬ؿ֤һ˫ʣɾŲ֮ΰҵ
һЩģϣͨ»ʳùϵ׷׹άҲԼ˵Ļ顣
»΢Ц˹άĻյȫգһҲ»Żºǫѷ
λʱ仹磬дһȻٿ磬λΣ
»ɨһۣЦ
ǣʢ翪ʼ֮ǰչʾһԼʵҲ
ͬ⣬ҲⲻˣЩдҲ֪
ͬһͬдս̨ɣ
»ܿõһͬγ»ŻӳһۻᣬҪѡһеľӢԶԿ壬ԣεдǲɱġ
ͬʱҲǽ˺֮Թ̨ʲôԹͨд




1561 ѡӢ
ΪоԶĹŻʳ»ʳȻźܶྪ˵ĵ̣ս̨֮һ
ԺսԺ̨Ϊս̨ഫ»ʴּɣ㲻ࡣ
»ʳս̨һ׹䣬ƶ֮ϵս̨󣬼̲֧࣬ʥĴսõķԵѣ
ʼս̨
»ڣ͸ƬΰĹԶԶش˳ȥ
ͬʱܶһȥÿ˶ս߰һս纣һӿ
龰׷׵ͷһЩÿһǳǿԶԿ塣
¡¡
һƵľ죬Ǧɽسѹ˴
ɫǦƼҪѹ䵽˵棬һֹϵ͸Ũҵɱ֮
ʼս̨ˣƶˣȴ쳣ʵɫʯͷһǿѹȸС
⣬ǻʼս̨
弴ʱڣһûʸս̨дԡ
嫵ս̨һÿһʯͷһξ춯صĹ£
Ϊս̨֮һ»ʳս̨ȻҲλʼĴսʤ
ս̨Ϻܶʯ϶ԡѪսǿߵ֣Ѻ洦ɼһԶս
ȻûѪʬǺµĿɲ󣬵ǿľȴĥ˵ꡣ
˵صˣĪУ·һɲǾ˳ǧδսܵžֵ黳
ҶҲս̨Եûеսֻ̨ĬĬظս̨ϲд
һǿУԺԺɮܣԺԺϲʥ۱ׯׯȵȣս̨
»ͷһд֣˵֮⣬˾̨д衣
дԣҪΪӦԼ壬ǽ˽˶ԹԣдϽɱ֣˭ΥϢ
»ӣ䡣
ʢĻʼս̨Ȼ鴫ο˭ܹս̨ӱΪһһ˰ɣ
ǵãһǧǰʳϻ죬ռһսдУˣȴ첻٣ڴˡ
ϷҲ˵ǧǰɣžޣһ˶Ⱥۣ׼޿ֻ֣Ҫһ̥ǣһԪϧ󹦿һѪȾۣ
˵⽣ӰԶȥ˹Ľһž޵Ӣ꣬·ǰ
лһﶼһУ˺ܶս·죬Щ»δԶȥ
д貢ֻҪܹսʤȺۣս̨أҲѵĵط
һ˲żüãһǿ߸֮꣬ÿ˶һǣ˭Ҳ䡣
ǿߺҲ㲻ЩϹ̵ҲкܶĽܳӡ
һд裬ҪѡʮһٮٮߣԶԿţԣѡҲǺ¡
Ȼ
ΪһԱÿŶһǻѪΪУδսҲȻŨصһʡ
οδػսпһսƽ壬Ϊ·ṦΰĤݣ
ôһֱܵ͵ɽúܶǿΪҲˣ޷忹⡣
ִǼЩҪһˣʿǰͷ뷨
οεдһδɳܹѡбʹһʵ˭Ķ
дʼˣں嫵ս̨ϣǿԶΪʮСڲӰдǰչ˽
ֻʮÿ˶óԼѹ׾һʱȭâ죬ݺᣬͨǲ㲻
ս̨ϵڴսһǿû⣬ȫ뵽ս֮С
һǿߺ͸ǻ΢Цҡͷü鲻һ㣬һ⣬Щ˶ڹעս̨ϵĴս
żҵӡ˻ʵӣ»ʵһǿվһ𣬲ûв뵽սȥ
۱֣ڳκһϹ䶼̫ˣҵ־Ҳǲܱȡ
֮⣬Ҷ졢ӡħ̩Ǹ׾ȭ޶Ҳûв뵽ս֮С
ҶͲ˵ˣնʮʥӼǿߣʵѾõһϿɣû˻ȥùͷд衣
ȻһõɮĴȱ࣬һ·սܶʥسϼǿ߶УȻҲûԸ⡰𷨡
ħĺһħƣͲϿϡħˣȻҲûԸⴥùͷ
ûоս˶ǴЩ˲սʮǿߵѡ˲ڸԤȰˡ
ҲòϣһУǼ֮⣬Ҳвǿߣʵ൱ǿ󣬸вΪ֪似ͨ
꣡
âݺУ˳սȻճǿֵʱǸûһս֮
ԭ˵ս̶һӲֻʣ˼ʮˣɼս֮ңܶ˶ֱӴɳȥһ·Ѫ
֮ǰ»дĹ򣬵û˹ɱ֣ȭۣʱˡ
ЩʧȫܹܣҪѡǿʮ˾ͱҪɳĲп̭νдѡξͳһջ
˯ʱĹȥʣµԽԽˣÿ˶ޱǿ󣬾ʥӼΪ
ɽ
һڷһȣ˫ӡһɫĴɽУֱȥ
ɫĴɽʵɽһ㣬ɽз˸⣬ֱӽĶײɳȥ
ԿԿײɳȥĶǰһ飬عǶײˡ
ͬʱһսҲŲҵĴսһǿ̫ˣֵܹûмˡ
ս̨Ϻɱ죬˳ʣµҵµĶ֡
âݺᣬȭ죬̥ǱԻɫͻǮͷȵȣڲϵɱ
Щ˶ܲʵ൱ǿ󣬼ʱճɳӦܹˡ
ܶһǿ߶ڵͷεд貢κιȫһҶܹսмӱľеš
սԾɲϵ˳ˣҲûʲô˵ģֻûֵܼвʡ
ϸ˵ҶЩڶģÿ˶Ų׵սԣǲ뵽ⳡҶʽдеĻûжмغϵġ
ܿ죬һս峡ˣֻһ˼ֵѪȾۣϴһ˿мЦݡ
漴ҶڵķɨһۣдŨŨζ
ûóȻҶսתͶ뵽һս֮УһȭһסĶ֣ʮ㡣
ʱһһεĹȥʮսֻʣһֻʣˣ˶̭ˣ




1562 ʵ
»ʳս̨ƶ֮ϣ󣬷·һƯڿеϹս
дʼڣѾȥһʱᾫӢпֻ̭֮ʣˡ
˶ǰδֹȴεдϼֵ
侪졢˾ʯҰ̫ʥӡʥӡ˾ơûֵܼȻ볡д֮пᡣ
Ҳ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱ˱ǸĶ֮ԼСư
Ĺ似ƺʹǰ˵ĳһУѲǳĵӣ
пܣĹҲǰԴ
ȻǵĴˣѹֻôǿ
˺ͳ˲ѵԾɽڣ
һЩһǿͨ˵Ĺ似ͨµǵĴУɵõһ
ĳϼǰ磬ʥصʥûƢ˵ǿɢޡ
ǰͻȻ伣˵ԪɺԣѾˣҲ˵Ϊ˽Ҳûг
ĸ˵֮ܶǰͻȻʧǲʵ
Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽ڽ죬ٴο˳ϼ񹦣һʩչģ֤ĴвδϾпԾɻš
һ𾪵ƶϣÿһǿ߶ǵƶȷģԾ
˵ͷ͸ˣԴȫԺʥصĴ
˰ǰϼһ˶սλʥǿߣ֮ʿΪ֮
Ȼƽ֣ʱѾˣλʥǿﶦʢѪʢϸ˵Ծʤλʥһ
Ȼǰڳɨʱȴʧˣʼûսһ
죬ǵĴ˵дɱΧվһ
䣡
εսϱŷײһγ˾ҵ籩·졣
Ӷһ˵Ŀײ˼ҵĻ𻨣ǳڶԶֵأ˭Ҳûȳ֡
ҶҲĸо˵ǿ󣬴ʵ˵˶ѹʥӵʵҲ˲п̭мֵڡ
ְɣ˭ʸս̨ϣÿʵƽ˵
⣡
һһȭƵ޼᲻ݣؿײȥ
úã
кһһҫۡ
˫ֻһѲϢǰһɫУеһ
䣡
ƵײϣĿɫâȻ֮ʧˡ
ۣ
ɫ䣬һѪҲð˲٣άɫпķ
ৣ
չԼһƬɫĺڣһ죡

ȵˮԪˣ֮ȥ񱩵һЩһǿ߶Ϊ֮ɫ
Ȼǳϼ񹦣ȴˮԪصͨѾ£Ѹı˳ϼ񹦵ص㡣
ϻ죡
Ҳʾһȭֱ۷·ȼһɫĻ档
͡
ˮԪغͻԪײ·ҪܻһƬãã۶˵ĶԾ
䣡
˶ײһȭȻֻɫòҰףѪȻҲܵ˲ˡ
򡰵ŵŵš۵һѪѪɫʾ
ʤѷ֣
Ĵ˰ˣ
ǾȣԭΪǻսƽֳ֣ʤҲ֮пܣû뵽ոչȥ˲һӾͷֳʤ
ˣ
һǵѪһʥȥ˵ΪǳϣҵĹ似ͨ㡣
˵꣬ĬĬ˳սֻ̨ʣһˣҲ˰ǳˡ
ºܱµ֣Ҳֻʿãͨոûʸ֡
һҺºѸٻָɢžս⣬Խһĺۡ
˭һս
ºս̨ۣһº۵顣
ÿСӣ
û취˼пʱܹһսӱ˵˺ܶ⡣
һǿǷ׷ۣȴû˳սԸⴥùͷӣѾȫָ۷״̬
ҶɫºʵһȷܹŵϺţȴ޵еģ˲˵Ӻħħ׾ȭ޶õĵ۴е̩һսʤ
ҪΪӱһ޵ˣ㻹ԶԶʸ񣡡
ӪУ߳Ƴɽ
ҵǿ죿
ºüͷ΢壬ȴûսԾԾԡ
Ул㣡
ûнᾫӢɱº
ÿĿȻˣҲҪʲôУҹƽһսҼʶʶ徿жǿ󡣡
ºɫأǿŲѿȷмǿʵ
壬С
Ҳãķڷ
һ˿â˵аɣҪ˵Ҳᣡ
䣡
ºֱԻԼ̥һͷ룬̤ޱȣſһϻȥֲĸա
ͬʱºҲչֳԼһӽԼ֮ڡ
֮飬ҲŹ⻪
ߣȻſԼֲͬײһȴûвըǷֱ̩Ӻ俪գ˵ΧһɫĿռѷ죬񱩵δ֪ռС
ţһȭҵȭâ俪һ赲ϻ𣬺ݺݻϻԴϡ
䣡
º̥ϻԴֱӱˣǿ̥Ҳס޵еȭ
ʱ־ָ㣬ʵõ˼սʶҲǰǿˡ
һУ
һָУͥŲûнº
ɱ
ºһϻ̥õĲ䣬˲ָ۷壬һȭƵһײȥ
ȭ
ܵºһȭ̺ĿֲıҲʩչȭһȭһ硣
䣡
˵ȭâײһ𣬱ҫ۵ĹâȭƲɢݺºؿںȥ
ܣ
ºΣ壬ûԪصͨǰһɫĻܡ
飡
ȭͷݺڻϣԪɵĶȻѿΪĻԪء
ºҲסɱһȭΪ˴Ϣ֮ȫ·硣
ˣף졢ҶΪʲôûв뵽Ҷдȥ
ԭܼ򵥣һǲ¾ûԼЩʲôˣʵ̫
ڶУ
츺ֶһؾҿ㻹ɣҲұ֤ܻ뿪




1563 ׾ȭ
仰νô˵ºҲ˵ĴˣᾫӢӱսʵꡣ
˶֪սȥºҲǱɣ̫֮ˣսʤ졣
ͬʱһЩ˽սˣ˺ʯҰȴƣСʲôʱôˣ
ԻңңºԶ䣡
ºһ˫Ĺâ
ãҾʹΪֹ
һǰͻΧĿ·𶼱һƳˣºһ㡣
ºһݣһ˲ȼԼսһ壡
ϻ̥Ϊһ壬ɲǼ˽ǽž죬һ㣬һɼֲϢ
۾Ҳо˶ֵǿ󡪡ȼ̥֮ºʵζ˾޴ĸı䣡
˿̣ºâ죬Ƭ˸˰˰̬ȥֲ
ң˫ֽצָ׳Ϊ乳״ߣ
ܽұƵʹ䣬Ҳ԰ˣ
º˫ߵâ˵
̥̥壬˵ʲô䣿ȭǰκ赲Ҳ⣬οһ˰Ĺ
Ц˿壬ڵõָ֮ĴĿǻҶһºû

˵ţһĹȥԪһ޴ĹƣݺݵĽ̥ºķɳȥ
С
ΧһƬ˭Ҳû뵽쾹Ȼǿ󣬲ǵǿˡ
ʱ䣬ʵʵǿ˲٣·˸һ
֮ǰԺ͵ԺдаܸԺҶСӣ֪ܶ£ʵһҲ󡣡
ҪսҶˣϴˢ֮ǰİܼҵĵ۱
ҿûôףˣнҶСҲûţʮʥӼǿ߲¾ɱֶ֮ûκεɱ˲١ǿҲδʤҶСӣ
оͽճºˣǲ۷׷ףⶼǷսҶϡ
˶ΪһսҶ빫˽Ҷ֮䶼Ҫи˽⣬εдһѵĻᡣ
ʥЦıУϣܷص۱ٹȫˡ
ŸĿؿҶȻ֣ܳȴ˭ɱҶ
ϼ󲿷ֳԱҶĸϺ͹ż˵Ҷ֮ȻѪ飬ȴҲſ̹ǵĳޣȻ뿴Ҷҵ۱Ҷе¸ˡ

ȴǰ̾Ϣһã컹̫ˣղʡķʽֻܣҲ˵֣ȴƫƫѡɡ
ȷһʮᣬھʵǰκ似ͽ͵ģڻֵܶͬʱҲӴⲻһǿӦþ߱ʡ
ȿȡ
ºɳȥԶһӱԭΣҵؿţǲѪĭͷˡ
һƻûȥºôˣתҶվķȥ
Ҷģɸһս
ǿսʤ˴ڶᾫӢӱºһź޵֮ģҶս
һ̣ٴӵ֤֮ģһУ˭ǵӣڲõĽҲһܹͶԷվͬһ߶ȡ
ԼǿǾɣ
ûҶڻӦ׾ȭĴ޶ս̨һȥ
Ҷģ˵Ļ͹ҿͷϴ۱ҿԿһΡ
ûп߹޶ǼҶơ
㣿Դ޵𣿡Ҷ
㡭
㱻Ҷ仰ҭ˫Ŀ𣬵ȻˣǾһս˽Թˣ㽻۱ϵҵһ似Σ
ûҶڣ׾ȭ޶Ѿǰ㵱дʲô˽˶Թ𣿲ǣѡԿᾫӢƻдɡ
޶ⷬϣҲ޷ֳֻܱĬǷ׷׵ͷ
дλѡһľӢԶԿ壬ǽ֮ĶԹ
ʲôԹ˽ҪΪϿɵһӢͰ֮ǰĹȡʸ񡣡
»ϲȺ󿪿ڣֹҶսȻˣҶӦսĻˡ

ɫϱãĶ޶˵ҲʲôˣȽҲԣҲģรɣ
һ㲻ģҼȻû㣬Ҽʶһȭмֻ򡣡
޶վ·Ϊһ塣
һȻŭҲ֪ǰΪͨǸûκΪͨһһС
Ϊ޶վǰһ̿ʼȻ޷Էλãһַǳĸоֻ᲻Դ
ʿ˵ǷǳΣյģֵλö壬ôսʤ֣
ŬԼƽ컺۾ʶ۾ƽڽεս̨γһ籩
޶任˼籩в˿Ӱ죬·ѾԼ뵽֮䡣
õȲ̽һ£ȻԾ޷֣ţֻҪԼ֣޶һ¶ģʱԿ籩Ĺֱӽֻܣǻɱ
ɱ
һȭȭâҫۣܴһ硣
ֻǷ򣡡
޶һȣֱӳȥͬһȭӭȥֱֱȥûκλڵĵط
䣡
һ죬ն·ʱһ㣬˵ȭͷײһؼ䷢һƬĿĹâ
꣡
ָѣں޶ӲӲһоȻǿ·磬о˼顣
ôܣ
޷ʵӲӲսУԼȻһͨĶ֣ôսҶԼһУ
ûʲôǲܵġ
޶ƽ˵ҳݺ𾴵һλۣΪĺȴԶˡ
Ҫſ񣡡
һƱǣһ̥ԻӰһĴ۸һ㣬𺳡
黤Ҳûã㻹Ҫ䡣
޶˿壬һȭҵȭâŻϢ
໺𡭡
̥ҡͷβ޶ȥ̥սﵽ޵ı֣̥һ
ƾҲҵң
޶˫⣬˫ȭһȭ̥ķѣһɢڿУصڡ
ۣ
ɫ䣬һѪæдһȭ޶ȭײһ𣬲ıײɳȥֱ۶ըˣѪ죬Ҳ̶á




1564 ֮
졭Ȼˣ
ս̨ѻȸ˭Ҳû뵽Ľ޶г𺳡
ǿĿãӹɣᾫӢӱºС
Ȼ޶Ȼûл֮оͷֳʤ
ȻԾɻսӸղսβѿټȥܵԾ˿
޶ȻֻͨʣʲôʣȴѾ׾ȭľ磬ʵҲڵ۷壬첻¡
£˭Ĺǿ似죬ͨǿ󣬲ɱḻ˭Ӯ͸
һϣ޶ԱҪǿһΣ˸Ͳһϡ
һɥһ޶Ըˣ̸λҶ棬ص۱
޷սʤ޶һжǿ̸ΧǰʮϣûС
Ҫ֪޶֮⣬ĵ۴̩ʽǿǶˡ
ķħλһħһ𷨾дͨһ׶Ը
־ɫĿһ˿ʧԭΪԽ֣֮ҶջҵһУڿϣãˡ
ҲţҲġ
ӵ
˽
תֱ˿̣ɢΣյϢ·һħһ㡣
޶ƽԣȻ෴û˿ƣͺһȫûκΪͨһȴܹŶ·硣
޶ʼŭеһҶۣȻƾգȴʼղ㸲
ۣʥ޵У
һȣһȭҫ۵ʥ⻯һ赲ȭʥܾ졣
Ҷüʥǰȷ˳ĽԺдܹʵԼذɡ
޶ûκηԾֱֱȥһȭֽȻͬ֯һʥӭȥ
䣡
һ죬޶һˣȫΪ촷ۣ¶ͭɫĽ׳ֱۡ
ٴαˣֵŤţȻ۹Ѿ۶ˣָεδµѪ
˿̣моɥ𾪵ǣ޶ʵȻǿ󣬱ԼǿϲֹһΡ
ɥǣ޶޷սܣôսҶϴˢĳ裿ԭӦԼһУ
죬ɣ㲻Ķ֣
ʥ·˸һɫѿ˼㡣
ԭһ֮дԣǿƻҶһѩǰܣ֮ͬʱԭҵһС
Ҷûг̨֣һ޶ͽˣ޷ܡ
Ȼ
Ȼ޷ܣҲýܣ춼ҵϣʧֻű䣬սȥֻᶪ˸
һû䣬һҪӮ
ǿվ̨ϣٴת˽ϵı۹½ϡ

ʥɫ࣬㻹Ӳ𣿡
ҡ
б벻һУýǰ޶˺̨ϡ
Ҳ֪ԼнԷҲһУһ˵޶ûн߲ðʹýִλҲɱֵġ
뵽ֻǿѹеŭĵ޶һۣҪ⣬սĻǸһ㣡
޶ɫƽг˳޺ɱ¾Ϊôܽ˺һľ磿㲻ȴеִ㶼ûлսʤˡ
ţ
һĬĬ޶Ƭ̣һս̨
ս԰ܱ֤֮һ޴Ĵһٴδõո޵ȫ
һѾһǿ߾Եˣ޺ɱ¾̬Ϊ
޶˵첻ܹȴеִɱ¾Զ޷˺һľ磬Ⱳӵ߳ɾͣκͻơ
һ콾ʽ쾹Ȼܸ޶֣֮˶еǳ⡣
쾹Ȼˣǲ˼顣
˿̥ͨûʹá
ʽֱֱȥ似ҲͨЩ׾ӣȻս˵ǿ죬ֱš
ܶ˶ۣ²òͨ꾿ʲôǿ
ʱ»ʳϻ߳һۣͷϽڣȻȴݣû˸С
λſӦǵõ׾ɽ˵ĴУ׾ȭͨҲ£Ѿʧ꣬û뵽ˡ
»ʳϻ˫âƺܽ޶͸һ㡣
ϻĿ棬۲ǵõ׾ɽ˵ĴУ
޶˵
׾ɽˣһЩʯʥغ͵֮⣬һ˭Ҳ֪׾ɽ˾ǺҲ
ɻӣϻ㽫׾ɽ˺׾ȭҽһߣҶ޶׾ȭҲһЩ˽⡣
׾ȭɲؽ޷棬Ȼûʲô似׾ȭÿһÿһʽǾǧȭļ¡
֮ǰҲͨʵ׾ȭȴͽͣӲ׾ȭ
޶õ׾ȭͳУȻһƽʣȴʺ׾ȭ
׾ȭѾﵽ˵ҵľ磬ԺֻҪŬһܹ׾ȭ
׾ɽȻֻͨʣȴǾžޣ׾ȭſۼ似ĳ׿似
׾ȭʲô˲ģҾͲôǿ
żӪǿ˹һм˵
ȥΪǵ棡
ŵӹɨ˹һۣ˵
˿ûսܵ飬ǽд˵֮ͨĸ֮
ҲˣҵȭȻ˼׾ȭĶ֡
ܹù׾ȭĴ޶ܣܹصӣһùżһ¥
Ϊӣ۽ߣУֻǿ߲õ˵𾴣ʧûκʸġ
õС⣬Цһս̨޶˵ǿһ㾿
˵ţֱӻһȥһȭȥǾɱûκηϻ
䣡
һȭȭâ˺գһӽǰǣѡ

ֵܵǿ޶ҲҴ⣬׾ȭʩչ£ͨһȭаֽȻͬݺӭȥ
ս̨𶯣˾ֽһԣޱĿ۾
ҿʲô
żǿʲôʱôǿˣ
ǿս˵ľ˭Ҳû뵽̶һµʱ䣬ʵȻ˴ȵߡ
Ҫ֪һǰҶܲҷ²ϣżһ۲Žȥ
һµʱ䣬ʵȻ˷츲صı仯һǰ˴ȵܲ𾪣
ĪǹżһĳֽǱ
һʱ䣬з׷ײ²⡣




1565 ֮
ǿսΧ˵ľսطЩʥӼǿ߸ǾȵӲҽϡ
ɷϣΪǿˣȷǿ󣬱һʥҪǿ٣Ҳûôǿս
ܶΪżΪ棬һǶĳּĽǿ˹ʵ̶һ£սôࡣ
˵ĶԻСײâҫʮϵս̨ڲ
һԵײֲ磬ΧΧ۵һǿ߷׷׺ˣ±
ΨҶ;Ŵ󺷷˵еϴĽܣӣħħĵ۴̩λûܵӰ졣
һƬͨ貣ߴӰڶԿǵòֻܼ貵ÿһض
޶֮ս·oھսһжʧˣֻʣˣΪΨһĹʡ
һʵ𣿼ʥصĳȿҲٰɣ
ǳױ˵ʵˡ
䣡
һ˽ͬʱ֣ԶĬĬ໥
ɹ⻪ʧˣؼָս̨һɴսϢ
»ʳս̨ս̨֮һ֧ʥĴսͨս̨֧Ųסôǿսˡ
ս̨ΧһļžһľӢͷţ̫ˣͬһʱʵһֱ
˿̣ͷɢңҲмƶȥЩǱ޶ɫ԰ף·ҲЩˡ
óһι˫˭ҲûռˣһĴۣ
׾ȭߣСˣҽ飬รɡȵ
ܺԼˣòġ
޶һƽ˷·һ㡣
ɱ
ս죬ʩչŵ޶ɱȥ޶ҲǿƷսٴα
ɢ⣬һoһ㣬Ͷ㶼д۵ķˣǵǿˡ
޶ɫ΢䣬Īѹֱϣ˿ǿ󣬽׾ȭʩչ£ÿһȭΰ·ڻӶ֮һ㡣
䣡䣡䣡
˲ϵĶײȫͨ˶ڣʩչûκãȫˡ
ԣ֮սȫع鵽ԭʼȭӮֻ˵ǳǿһʱѷʤ
˿ĿѣۣⳡʵдǴӿʼߵģǹĹŵȭ޶׾ȭǿź似ܹеİأԿʹԼʵһ¥
˴սս̨ϵܶһĸַ׷ױˣ޷˵ս
޶ս£׾ȭȻʽ򵥣ȴǳ󣬿˵ǿȴ似
Ȼõ˹ŵӹɵĽ̵Ͼ̶ֻͻһ£Ȼʵ޶ִС׾ȭϣ˻޷ȡ
ʱڹܹ޶սƽ֣ʱһƾԳˣ̡
ƾеս˵ֱԽԽоˣÿһκ޶ӲӲĶԺ䣬оѪһķڡ
򣡡
ڴʱ޶չȭͷһϸɲ磬һȭڹǰ
飡
ӦɳȥԶһ·Ѫصʱ˶Թȥˡ
⡭
ô£ղŹܹսƽ֣ôͻȻˣ
ܶ˶⣬֪սϷʲôֻϲ˿޶ȭͷϵһ޵硣
Ҳˣ
Ϊ޶ȻѾڵ۷壬Ҳ֮ۡ
ɾڸղţȻɹһȻĵȭͷϣȻĵۣ׾ȭ֮ǰ˼
ԭЩмܲסˣǿ޶սƽֶѣ޶׾ȭһӷ˺üȻסˡ
۵
żʥ۾Բˣһ˵ӣʵ벻ͨ޶۷ѣ͹ľȫͬô˵۵
׾ȭȻѹֻôǿ󣡡
ԺԺɮһ˹żʥҲˡ
û޶׾ȭʦȻķġȻҲ
һһûܹսʤˣϾÿ˶ġµ۵ġ
ʥظǺգһӵӴԴȴûӢţȻüϹĵӸȥˡ
ţң㽫ǿҲܹ֮һˡ
Ǻܶʿͬһƽ徭ôϢ֪չʲô̶ˡ
ûһǿܹ忹ĻĵλȻܵصвпΪūʿԸ⿴ġ
ĴսľӢƴ˸ɾ˫ǵ̾΢ƻʤ
һȻ׼ӳ֣ܷսʤ֮ƴ֮⣬һҲҪ롣
һ˸пʢ
һԣͨпһʢᣬŴ󺷷Ҳ˲ˣ֮һ
ӭһǰٵĴʧĹ似׷׳弴Ҫū壬ŶҲûС
һΪ׺Ҳͷ˵
ۼ˻ʵҡͷЦǵǿ侪˶ûֵܼ󣬶Ϊ˵Ǻܴġ
ۼ廹˻ʵ壬ǵʥޱȿؽȻǵǿʧˣȴû˿ľɥͲеֻΪϲ
۶дǵģΪǵĺˣۼʥ˻ʵʥһ£ÿһĳġ
ǵȻͬΪĹżҺȴԶˡ
ӹսܵһ̣żұϼǿսսϾȻ
ŻԲѵĹüͷҡͷԭΪڸŵ۵ⷽԹѵܹεдϴʣû뵽ȴǶ˸
ˣûá
ΣܿѹҵĲţһʧǵӡ
ΰܱĴԭΪԻҶһѩǰܣû뵽ûиҶֱ㱻˴ˡ
ˣ
üͷ΢壬һȣúˣ㲻֤ҲҪΪ幱׳
һ𣬲ıͣȴԿóû˻ȥ
һУżֻܰҡͷȴʲôҲﲻܴʧܵӰ߳Ⱳǳˡ
Ҷ֣ҳغ䶼йĴ¼СΪ壬ʱҾ;ҲҪֽһߴͽ̣
ͬʱս̨ϣ޶һ΢ЦؿҶ




1566 սҶ
ս̨Ծ޴ʯɣϿطķƣ֧ʥս
بƣƬս̨µĲɣ϶߲սϣ֪ʥǿߡ
´ҴңЩƬս̨߳ƵľǿѾһȥˣս̨ѪѸɺԣʬ޴棬͸ɱȴŨһʵɱ
ǰ⴦ս̨Բ˿ţܹ⴦սֻ̨ʥǿ߲ʸ
ΪӦԼ壬ҲΪдʱڻٵƬ»ʳ⿪⴦ս̨
̶һʱ⴦ϵս̨ϱ̭ᾫӢвʥӼǿߣǿҲȻճ
һе磬ʥӣûǿʵҲֻȻ˳ûеڶѡ
ǿˣ޶˵׬򣬺ܶ˶ʵʾ˿϶
ǿ̵ԺԺϲ͵ԺԺɮܣıҲûʲô˵ġ
׾ȭٴ䣬壬ͨʵʿһΪսʤصĳ롣
˿̣޶վս̨룬Ҷս
ৣ
һ˲䣬˵ĿⶼҶϡ
޶ǿӹɣܵҵǿ͹ŵۼǿ˹Ҷսʤ
Ҳ׾ȭɣ
Ŀ֮£ҶȻӦսҲ뿴׾ȭкβ֮
ս̨Ҷ޶˶˫֮Զ˵õľ롣
ǵ㵽ΪֹΣ
ҶЦ˵޶ǿ
˵ˣôһǿǰҪҲû˻ӦΪǶǽԿδϣ
⣡
޶ͷȷ˹ֱֱȥһȭûκλڡ
׾ȭ⣬ȥߴݼΪһȭһǰǿս⡣

Ҷܣͬһȭӳȫ񶼼һȭУȵϴ죬ʮѨе̬Ӱͬʱ𶯡
䣡
գۼ䣬˵ȭâײһ𣬱̫Ҫҫ۵Ĺâ
һʱ䣬˶äʥǿ߶Ȼˡ
һЩʿ˫Ѫæȥ
ΪԼվ˰ȫλãû뵽Ҷ޶ŵһײ㱬ôǿ
գۼ䣬ͬʱǰȥð˺ݺײһ𣬷·ǳײһ㣬ҫ۵Ĺâ
սϺſֲϢѰʥӼǿ߲У·ַӾͻᱻ˵ȭâɷɻҡ
ս⣬һĿ࣬ԭΪѾǳǿˣȴİ޶С
ţżǿ˹Ҳꪳɳ޶һУûнֵļ֮⣬ҲֻеĵӲսʤˡ
Ȼ
Ҷȴʵжһ֤Լʵȫܹ޶ս·硣
սϹâ貣·սڶԿһ㣬ÿһȭӵлص
֧ʥսϹս̨Ļ֧Ųס˴սˡ
ɽӴӡ
Ҷһȣ˫ֻص⣬һԴĴɽ˫֮䡣

Ҷɽֱ޶ȥɽӴӡӭ籩ǣڴϴͷϺһƬӰ
úã
޶չֳǿʵƱǣһħһ㣬˫ȭֱӽɽӡˣ
ã
Ҷ̾һȭȭŰȭȭ⣬߱ǹһǰƣǹһ޶ȥ
ৣ
ܵΣյ޶ٺƳȥʮԶڼ䲻ݷ֮ʱܿҶһȭ
ȣ
վҶȭâһߣһȫһ˫ĿԲҶȭâֵûвˡ
ǿĹ
ȻҶһȭҲһŵ亹
ҶĹǿһЩĻҪˣܿܲµķסҶһȭ
һ̽޶ѾԸоҶԼѹȫ͹ܹġ
֪ⲢҶսҶһ
뵽޶ȻľԼѾȫˣ˵ޱﵽ˼££ҶѾ֪ˡ
޶ҲһˣȻ֪Ҷǿȴ˷
ֻǿĶ֣ܼصǱܣ
޶ʦ˵һ仰һֱΪ
̶һ˲䣬˱໥ǧУνǿ쵽˼£һЩһǿ֮⣬ʥǿ߶˵ľʽ
׾ɣ
޶һעһȭУ˷·뵽֮һ㣬׽
񫣡
ҶҲһȣһɫ̫âɣѪӿһƵ
䣡
ҶӶȭͷȭоʽɫ֮ȭͷϣ޶ȭͷײһ
飡
ǿײһ𣬲ûо촫ҲûгҵĹâȴմˣ񱩵ȫδռС
һ֮˸֣ɵľ룬ĬĬŶԷ

޶ЦԵø⳩죬ЦϣҶ˵ʹ죬̫ʹˣ
ȷʹ죡
ҶЦͷʾͬ˵ܹηηţſֽŵĴһ˵ȷһʹ¡
սӣ
Χ˸ǵۡ
Ҷ͵һˣû뵽һսȻ˷
ܶһʿĬȻˣǿиǿ֣ԭΪ޶Ѿǳǿˣû뵽ҶȻܺսƽ֡
ҿҶӣƺһҲûݽߵ˼
һΰûи϶ֻƲˣҶʵ˲֪ĺܡ
Ҷ˭һûܱȵùǳսһҲܴ߰˸û⡣
Ҷ֣ȻûʧǸʥӵţˣ
޶ڻɽҰĴˣʶò࣬˼뵽ʲô˵ʲô
~
޶ĻһЩʥغϴڵƶ߷׷ֱ
ԭǶһа޶ⷬڻϽ͡
ҶҲ൱ʱһֱἰ£ĳЩṷǽ޶ɵãĺרĺ
дɣ
Ҷ˵ȥˣ֪˵ʲô̼ԵĻĻ
ˣ
ҶһĹȥһ޴ĺɫƾճ֣޶ȥ
úã
޶˫˷ܵĹâ˫ȭһͷһɫӭȥ
䣡
һ죬޶ӲƿɱɢɵĺɫƳ˳ڰһȭҶŴ
֮ǰһ޶ȫͨûжȫ似ӲӲ
ΪܹסҶĻ͹ҲͲܵôˡ
Կ϶ҶȻͨ۷壬϶ƽֶΣ




1567 ʹһս
ս̨ϣ貣Ҷ޶˴սһ𣬱⣬ӳյһƬͨ
û뵽ԺҶȻɳ˿ֲĵزƺѹ׾ȭĴˡԺԺɮ̲ס̾
ϲٺһЦⶼ˵ŬԺֻһЩðˣһж񣬵˵ԭ򡣡
ⷬûʲôȴ⣬Զһɫϱãƺʲôش
ԺԺɮ̾һû˵ʲôԺҲȡҶֻûѡԺѡ
Դϵһǰ֣Ҷ֮ʹˡ
ҶǵʲôɽҰСӣ෴ҲŴ۵Ѫǵҵ֮ŮϵĶӣҵõ˵۱Ͽɣνǰ;
ǴҶճڣνǻԵϣȫ˾۵ĴУһõµ׼۱׵ǹϿɣõߵ²С
һ֮õǿĴУҶˮɽƲɵˣһռһϯ֮Ҳ
ʿ֮ƴʵͬҲƴˣҶʮʥӼǿߵľɱ֮жܰȻʵɱ˴ʥӼǿߣⱾ˵ʢ˿֮档
ϲĻʱңеһ㶷־ҲʧˣҲ˶һʿжҪ
Ҷ죬ˣҲ֮ˣһսܣ׶֤֮·
С㱻ʥŵ˹֤ɵ۵˼룬˵ⱲӱΪ֤
ڣ֤ϣûˣΨһ֧ȥ֧ȻѾϣ
䣡
սϣҶ޶˴սÿ˶չֳԼǿʵÿһײʯ쾪
ƻһ㣬˲ϻ飬ɫȭͷſֲ֮Ҷÿһӵ췣
޶ӶȻ׾ȭӵ£ÿһȭֱ仯
׾ȭ壬׾ͨʽ̺ǧ򻯵ĺС
ҶѾ˵صļ£治׽޶Ŀȭ
ɽӴӡ
Ҷһȣ̧ɽһʵĴɽӳȥݺ޶ѹ¡
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һУ
޶ЦһҶ֣ҪΪûֻҲԸöѡ
˵꣬޶˫ֻһɫĴɽ˲ԻУݺҶɽӴӡȥ
ɫɽʵʣûвľûȴ˿ѷҶɽӴӡ
䣡
ɽڿײһ𣬷ܶΧ۵ͨʿ˫Ѫʧϡ
ɫɽҶɽӴӡͬʱ飬ʮգ
ǡ
ɽӡ
޶ȻҲչֳ˺Ҷڳܶʥǿ߶ˣ˲²޶ʩչʧѾõıɽӡ
ɽӡɽӴӡһҲʧǳǿ˫֮ûֲĴɽֱѹ֡
ʱ»ʳϻҡͷҲⲢʲôɽӡ׾ɽӡ׾ɽ˿һ뱧ɽӡᲢۡ
һԵľ۱ҲͷΪ鱨۱󲻽չ䱦ͬʱҲϢԶһЩϵĴ˵൱˽⡣
ҶֵܣһҪӮ
˺ʯҰΪҶ͹ľǿƺûҶսʤ˵Ķֻ֣Ҫľ͹ˡ
һ㣬ıǸӳɫҶս̨ʼʹûеĹҶεд衣
Ҷ֣㼼ֹڴ˵ĻôҪСˡ޶ȡ
־֣ܳһӵ¡
ҶչһЦ¶ǿźս⣬ӿʼڣһֱ
ã
޶ƴ䣬һսһ㣬ѪҪȼڣŬڵһƵۣȭͷϡ
һУ޶ѹ׾ˡ
Сۡ
Ҫվ˵ۣбȥһȭ̺֮ģѰ˸һȭ
޶ȭͷƵĵۣܶ˶ˣڱġµ۲õսȥͬ£˭ֵܵ
ô
Ҷͬһһȭһȭͷ·͸һ㣬ȭͷܲһ֮·Сһζ
飡
˺޻εĶԺһȭٴδԶĬĬš
޶ȫʧˣҶһȭ˷ɻң֮£ûʲôֵܵ
ҶؿҲȥ˵࣬һѪԵ̨һˡ
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޶˹ںԼʧһۣЦ˵
ʧһۣ´ξûôˡ
ҶʧЦԭһȭ޶ģڼеʱ֮ģ޶û潫ɱˣǶ嶼һ޴ʧ
ԭҶ飬ͷתƹĿ꣬޶һۡ
գۼ䣬ҶתϱԴĴ֮޸˵ؿڣعǺͷβ
ͬʱ޶Ҳ޸ۡ
Ȼʧ۶սû̫Ӱ죬ѡ޸塣
ž
һ죬޶ΪɻҵٴֻûˣԵЩ
Ҷ֣лл㣬ҳսʹһΣӮҽˡ
޶¶ˬʵЦݣٴγֳ֣̥һΟߣɫƬ⡣
ৣ
ɫΟ߲޶ϣͷһ߳Ӳ£˫¶׹⡣
Ҷ֣Сˣ
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˫عѽ£
ʱĿĽܵ˶΢΢ü룬ԼҶĻӦԡ
һЩͨʿңǿȵĹ㲻Ҳܿġ
ͬһǵˣǵĲҡ
˵ǣ弴ʱЩǿ߶ţԿɸǣò뵽пսȥ
ҵǣЩ콾ڣδ϶һƬȷѪ꣬ǿԶûоһĻᡣ
ʯ֮䣬Ҷٴʩչȭһһ㣬ɢſֲĻ޶ȭͷײһ
䣡
˵ȭͷײ̫Ҫ貵Ĺâҫս̨һƬͨܶʥӼǿ߶̲ס۾
Ψʥǿǿܹ˵ĶԺ䣬ҲУֻܿϲɮܵһǿ߶ѡ
ۣ
޶ɫ䣬͵һѪɳȥֱۣͬΟ̥ͷ­ȫˡ
Ҷȭ£΢ţһεɫѪָ
һҲܵˣ޶Ҫˡ
ˣ
޶ٷסԼľѪ࣬԰ޱȣˬĳԼⳡд裬νķڷ
~
Ҷһɢȥս⣬Ų׷ǲ޶ߣӡ޶ѨϣһɾĴ֮ڣˡ
Ҷ֡
޶һһж
ҶҲˣʱ򣬾ȻܲǰӵΪˣƷԵľ




1568 ĵ۴˳
Ҷս׾ȭ޶ջʤ
ٴγ˲˵Ԥϣ
󲿷˶Ҷչֳս𾪣ϲҲв첻ѡ
ǵȻóҶдˣһûº֣޶Ͱˡ
͹ң
ԭڹȥһµʱʵܶ࣬ĶƱҪҶȺ޶С
Ҷȴսʤ޶
ζʲô
ǸҶĶ֣
㻹ûսҵʸ񣡡
һ̣ǲҶ֮ǰ˵ĳʧ⡣
ͬʱս̨һƬž˭Ҳû뵽д֮ҶȻ޶ˣؽȣúܶΪ֮ա
Ҫ֪ҶȻվ̨ϣս˻٣ʱϧ˷ͱԴΪˣֻʥ˲
Ҷ֮磬ɾͲ
ܶ˶Ҷ֮ĸ۷ˣȻЩǾ޶Եġ
˵ҶʲôǶĳ޵ĺͼʡ
෴ҶԽǿڱԽãԽԵ˽վӣⲻˣԸ⿴ġ
Ҷֻ֣Ҫ㲻ֵҽˣ޶˵
Ҷڴս֮࣬ԾɲϧԴĴ֮Ϊ޶ˣܸж
ˣԼȻܴڽκҶһԽ󱳷Ľսѡ
˵ˣһյʱֲָܻˡ
Ҷֹͣ˴֮룬޶ļͷ˵
˿̣Ҷѻָ֮ڵĴ֮񾫴ʮ̥ӰҪľıԴô׵¡
޶ͷҶһ£תս̨һ磬˹ˣұѾǶʱǲٽоҴսˡ
Ҷ֣ҸʱϢʱ䣬ʱдһΣ
̩ǰһ˵
ʱһԣ
ҶǿԴ󣬶ֻҪһӱָܹҪ۷״̬Ϊûʹá
Ŀ֮£Ҷóһֻ񶦣һֱȥΧ۲ѡ
ʲô
ǴľѰҪõһζ֮ѣһӶ޷õһΡ
ʥصĳҲڴӵۣаҶǸܼӣǵõһҲḨԸҩҩһ¯鵤
ҲСеľȫգʣ˭Ҷһһ˶µģֱǱ
һЩҲɵһۣȻǵģۿҶ̣öǵҲڵѪ
Ҷɲô룬֮̾͵翪ٵһ㣬
һͨʿ̥ǣҶȴû̫ãΪ屾ͷǳˣʼ٣Ҳ̥ǡ
һʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ҶʵѾָ۷壬һͨʿ̥ǣҶҲֻܻظĵѣ龰ڳĿࡣ
һӺ̩̤ս̨ҶǰҶ֣֮ǰҾʥǣ˾ռľ¥ǧ䣬飬дһΡ
ǲǽҶѣܺᲢۡҶҡͷЦ
ʹκͨʫд裬ֻ뿴һҶֵʲôѡ
̩ҶĻҶ׼˵ĻСܾͿʼˡ
Ҷһ䱸ͷͽ̡
ã
̩һ䣬·һʥˣкȵ꽣絶
ؼԪ˲䱩ͻȻưðĴ꣬ÿһζӵĪźХķ絶ҶΧȥ
ţ⾿ʲô

Գս˭ܼ֣
˶̩սʽˣ˭Ҳû뵽̩һȴӵ˿ֲ̫˼ˡ
Ѱʿսƴǹӣ似ǿʵĸ£ͨõȵȣʲôʱ˹Ĺʽ
һЩһǿ߶ˣ̩޸֮ʵȴսǿĲǼǶ辶ˡ
ĵΪϹλ֮һȻ޼ȴͨأ֤õλѹʮء
̩õĴУͬǲ޼ȴɲٿؼ֮ͬ£е֡
ϣ
ܵ꽣絶ĿֲҶʩչδʹù籡γһףֵ꽣絶ʴ
ͬʱҶҲᱻվŰʩչ׷ǲһһ̩ȥ
̩ʿԶǿ󣬵ս϶УֻҪܹ̩Ķ֡
ģ
Ҷ̩Ųæĸ֣Ҷ֮ʱһƬ룬·һһ㣬Ҷٶж죬ʼ޷֡
ʲô·һһ㣬⻹ô򣿡
ԶΧ۵ȫˣ֮ǰҶֻ̩ս˭Ҳ֪ʵΡ
̨֮ǰܶ˶ڲ²⣬̩ʲôʽҶд裿
ս϶Ҷǿȣ򲻼ʲôôǿţ׾ȭ޶ս֮ȥս
ڣˣ̩ǿȵȷҶ۹ͷĹȴԶԶʤ֮
κһд裬ƴҪܹ򵽶ֲУֶ򲻵дҲûʲôˡ
ϣ
ҶйâһƷ׵ǹУһ֮ǹϣһǰߵ̩ȥ
Ȼ
׵ǹ·̽δ֪ռһܽȴ޷̩
ˣҶҲĵ۴˵Ŀֱֲ֮Գһϵκ˵ʽһֶҲԶ

꽣絶նҶϣһǣȴʼ޷κҶֺ
˽̨ϣ˭Ҳκβ˭ֹսڳ˶Ϊ֮𺳡
Ҫ֪۹ҶǿޱȣһУ˼޵֮⣬ʥӺ͵ǿҲס
ɿ̩ȴĵ۴еĹҶսƽ֣ѹҶļ
˿Ҷȫڱ޷Ϊ̩ģҶ֮·һ嫵磬޷
񽣺սХƷɡ
̩Ųæʫһɫзɳÿһʻ˽Ӳӵ񽣣âҶȥ
Χһ˸Ѫɫս죬ƮƮգȫҶû档
˻
ԶΧ۵̲סһֹǿĹҪ˵Ҷһͨ۷ʿʥسϿҲӦԡ
ʲôֶΣ˵Ĺ죿
ŴͣӲɳ
˼飬̫˼ˣϣҶֵܹסʯҰҲϵš
ĹǸеĺǣڸղŵһ꽣絶оҪǱˣпܻں޷ֱܡ
ҲһΪҶѰĹͲΪҶģΪҶ̫ǿˣӵи似
Ȼ
̩սʽȫκһ֣ͨãֻӲȻҶ嫣ֶܹã
Ҫ֪̩ͱҶľҪߣȻӳ񣬸οҶողź޶սһ




1569 ˼ֶΣ
ս̨ϳ˹һĻɫĽâݺأɫգȫ˵ߣ˭Ҳ֪еҶôˡ
˿̣ҶںɫΧ֮УâһǿȵĹʥҲס
Ҷ˫ۼâѪһȣ·ȼϻһ㡣
飡飡飡
Ҷչ壬ȭŲãâһһ飬Ͻɫȭͷǰûʲôֵܹ
սϵ̩۶ɵڶʱڱҶһһ飬δ˺ֺ
һĻû˿Ʊظ𾪣Ψ̩֪Щ𽣶Ŀ֮Уÿһܹĸо
ţ
ҶԴݿ֮ƽԼ۵Ľ𽣻̩֮Ҳˣ
ƵǣҶûʩչκйĶսڣȻǰͨʿĹʽ似ս
ԥǷʱͻȻоԼסҶĺɫ쾹ȻҾ¶ġ
һ̣ԶΧ۵˿Ǳ𾪳桭
ҶףݣһѽƵһ˺ɫһ򵥵ĺɨǧʣµĺɫȫˡ
䣡
񱩵һ䣬ÿһӵǿƵϲ˲òǵսֲһˡ
ҶֹȻ鴫
̩һ˿͵ɫ
ܹ޵ɱ˶ǼǿģһУһʥӼǿ߶ɱ档
Ҷȴ͵һͿȭͷƵĽɫâһͽֽµĺɫˣֱ˲˼顣
Ҷ䣡
龰˵һͷΪҶźкãʯҰ˾ơ𳤸漴͡
ܵӰ죬ֻҪǶҶſ̹ǳ޵ź͸ˣ׷׼뵽źĴ֮С
һʱ䣬ս̨Χףյƶ䶼ɢˣڡ
ֵĹֶ֮δţ˷ʤǿ۽ˣ
Ҷ˫۱ǿâ˼ıβƽ̩ķ
̩ļֱǿƲķԼ޷սʤ
ȻˣҲܻὫĸɣƵò䣬Ͼ²ߣҶҲá
ֻû뵽ƽ̩ķһ磬κι䵽ֵϡ
ֱһ֣Լʵǿʲôã򲻵ҲȻ
âǧ鶷Σ
̩ڳ£һɫзɳצҶȥ
˵ȹĹֶΣúܶü룬绻Լһж֧Ų£Ϊ̩Ĺֶȫǵ
Ϲ䣬ķչһǰٵĽ׶Σϵ׷ױ
ܹģǾʱĿ飬ЩչһӴʥء
ҲһЩʥΪָԭ˥ܣ˴Уûʷ֮С
ͺ׾ȭһ˵׾ȭʺĹ似ˣΪΪͨʴģȴܹ׾ȭ硣
׾ɽͽϿڵ󣬳һջӶ֮⣬Ȼûһӳɲġ
ĵ۴ȻĵǿԿһʥأһģȴѡûκεͳ
ʱۣ´Ҵңĵ֮һЩ֤ˣĵ۵Ĵȴʼûг֣ǶĴˡ
û뵽ĵ۴ʼûжϾ̩һٶʿһμĵžΰˡ
һɫͬһ㣬ɢǿѹҡͷβ׿Ҷ
顢顢顭
ҶһȭÿһȭâɣϽɫѪȣȾսúܶ˶Ϊ֮ɫ
ǿѪսܹսʤǿ˵Ȼûһܷӳ˿ֲսѪʢúܶԽܡ
ȭâ죬ȴûܽɫֻǴ޷ѡ
ȭâײĽۣ֮úܶͷۻֻһˡ

棬ʮԾһǧԶе̽צ˺գеſѪڣҶһ£еβһ̨һ󶶶
ţ
ҶһЩԿû뵽һ̩Ĺôǿʮȫʵʻ·һ㣬ǿ
̩Ȼֻ۷壬ԿɱкڵǿߣȻ
ɱ
Ҷ񣬷ȭһȭȥ·ܹһС磬һȻȭͷϣɫ֮һ𣬲ϸֱ治
飡
ҶŲ׷ǲһ⣬ʮһ֮սһȭһɫء
໺𡭡
ɫȻһƵĺХɢڿУ
⣡
̩о۳ɵĽѾɵһͷɵöҶĿ࿴
һЧҶĴͬʱеڵ̥ϵĶʮʵ̫ˡ
顢顢顭
Ҷչÿһȭһۣɽʮȫ顣
ʲôʹɣҼʶһĵ۴ожôĲ˼飡
ҶȻһ̣·صľһ㣬ǿ塣
ãֶˣҪСġ
̩Ҳ飬һ֮㽫ԼǿĹʩչ
쿪Ƶ
ˮһɫſա
̩Щֲϴбĳڿн֯һɲǼγһɫҶһӹ档
ʫɣ֣
̩һȥĵ⣬Ҷ˵̫ˣסģʱһ޷սʤ㡣
ΪӮ𣿡
Ҷ΢ЦſڣȻһȭݺݵĴڽɫϣ졣
䣡
ɫһҵ𶯣ȴδƵÿһդ϶صķš
ţ
Ҷһȣû뵽ɫȻ˼̣Լȭơ
̩ҡͷЦҶ֣ұóϣǿ󣬵ôǿҲҵֻ֮дѣֻҪ䣬̳Σ
ΪƲ𣿡
Ҷ΢ЦȫѪڣһ㣬Ͻɫȭͷâɣһκݺݻϡ
䣡
һ죬һζϴθ󣬵ȴԾûƿ
̩˵ɫֱ̫ιˣҶղŷӳսһɽҲܻˣȴʼƲ
Ҷ鷳ˣֽɫס͵ˣʵ̫⣬ûѳġ
ɪô죬ʱ㿪Ļδػд衣
ˣҲԺˣ̶ֳֵܹȣмܹ
ҶУΧ˷׷Ҷ̫дˣԼס
Ʋô
һ̣һֱҶĵ飬жЩҡˡ




1570 ӵ̨
鶼ЩĶҡο˼ˣ
Ҷڽɫ֮Уþ˸ֶΣȻƲú˼˶ΪһѺ
Ҷ֣ɣҪνˣԼƲҵεġ̩ٴοڡ
ʵϣҲأû뵽ҶȻѲνҶסˣ˿϶
ѵƲ𣿡
ҶţԼһƿֻڻҲƿķѡ
Ե۸ȭͷϣַղѾùˣûκá
ƲԼֻˣԺǿֲԸ䣬һʱ侹Ȼû˰취
̩ղŵһˡ
ѽ
ҶŬԼļ԰ģܿȻʣͨеĹؼ
νʵʫʹؼһΨʫʱпܺӶʹ
뵽ҶһЦ
ϣҶֳһԼһģһ̥ףһߣ·۽һ㡣
ޱɽǾΪ壡
·ͷ˼̾ſգ
Ҷ飬ԺͻȻľ䣬˳̥һ£ͬս̨
һ̣ҶƱǣ˫ץסɫդһֱ֣ӷֿˣһ˳ѳ

̩ĿɿڴɱĻû˵Ҷǿѹǰʱ̩˶ɵˡ
ҽѾˡ
Ҷ̩ĲһȻûɱ֡
ʱ̩ҶֵҶִţֵ֮Է飬ȻƺһҪǿô£
עûд𰸵ģΪҶԼԼôӵġ
Ҷ֣ҰˣһҪһʹҪʫġ
̩䣬ս̨
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˵ĿٴξۼҶϡ
һ̣ҶٴγĿĽ㡣
˭Ҳû뵽ͷҶȻƿ̩ĽɫշΪʤˡ
ӼϲѿҶǿڽսⲫУͬûĶ֡
Ȼ
зŴͨͬǿڵУ˵ͬûĶ֡
̩˳֮ӱһţ̨Ҷ˵ҹҶ˫дһͨȭŹΣ
Ҷâ̫ʢˣս˶Ŀֻ꣬ҪܽսʤͿԳƵһһˡ
һĻܶ˶ۣҶâ̫¶Ѿ̫ע⵽ˣĽδкô
Ҫ֪ϣԶȷ˸࣡
ҲΪڼˣϾҶոպ͹̩սһмģʱҶսԶҶƽ
ţ
ҶҲһݣ֪似ϱȻų׿ĵط򲻿ʱдա
ã
ҶҲ壬ǿȣû¹˭ҸֲһԼļʲôطȻӦˡ
ʲôȻӦˣ
˲ɣսԽʥӵǿߣ𣿡
֮Ǻ˰
ڳ˶û뵽ҶȻĴӦˣҶѾսʤϹ̵ĳʿɶֹˡ
ΪԼ޵𣿡
һгǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
䶨ˣ򹦷似ྶͥ˵λӽ֤зͨӵҶľôǿҲذɡ
һЩҶˬʿ׷Цۣ϶ҶԲս׾ȭ޶ĵ۴̩֮սʤз֮Ƶӡ
ЩʧȥʥӵʥغϴڸЦǵʥǲҶɱģǷǲԸ⿴Ҷǿ
ҶܹսʤһˣôضǵĴУһˣ˵ʲô¡
ѾƳﻢҶ֮ĳѾ£Ψгûг׳ɳ֮ǰ֮ɱҡɳĻᡣ
ֻǽֳϲˣǶ̲סҪ֣֮ˡ
˺ʯҰĿ࣬Ҳû뵽ҶȻˬĴӦˣҪ֪ӵľԭͱҶߣ£ĶԿҶʴơ
ҪӦ
ҲһȻ֪Ҷǿݾ۱õϣλӵķӣҲǿᣬҶδʤԷ
ϧѾˣҶѾӦҲѾս̨дϾҪʼˡ
һֲɮۣͷ˫ף׼ͷüĿһȱķһǵõɮģȻᣬȴһ
Ҷ֣СɮҲռˣϢһյʱ֣Իָӵ
ˣͽ̡
Ҷһ˦˸ƣǳƮݣǵóⲻŮʿ˫ֱһ㿴ɵˡ
»ʳĹŻߣ°׹Ҳһ˫ȭ߬
չһЦĴһ㣬ҶӼɣڷ֣Ǳ˵ĹάѣСɮҵ
Ҳ֪Ǳ˵ĹάҿȷǲҵҲ䵱ħһļ

˶ˣ֪ںħû뵽֮ľȻ˼ҡ
»ʳϻҵ־һ˼ӣ漴̧ͷ¶Цݡ
ħļӲ·Ѿϰˣûħһۣûһ
֣룡
Ҷ䱸̺֮鲼ȫɢâȥ䡣
Сɮˡ
һţɫɮһ㵭Ľ⣬Ժ־ŵ񻷣ȥһһ㡣
ž
һƹâʢһС̫һҶŴ
úã
ҶһȣȭӭһȭΪ֣ںЩǿ߶սȭʲôĸͲˣҪõۼ似С
һȭҶҲûȭâ̺ȭͷУȭͷһ㡣
һһϣС̫ݺײһ𣬱ҵĹâս翪ٵһ㣬˻
˶貵ĹâҫۣսϾʲô
ৣ
һ֮ͬʱɳȥԶ۶ɵĵط໥Է
Ҷ𾪣ŵһжϳӲԼҲ̡
ǿһײȻȭͷʹ㽫ָˡ
ⲻ֪ӱ𾪣ΪһҲǿĹеһȭͷڵ鱦
Ȼ
˿Ƽˣ֮ڲϵز




1571 ܷ
սһƬžǱҶһξҵײˣһʱ˭Ҳû˵
ЩѾȫľˣһдϣ˵̫ˣһЩһǿ߶ҡͷ
͵ʱ򣬾ûֲʵһ˾δϣ
һ½ǣҶֹȻûʧ
΢Ц˵ƹâһ׸ԭˡ
ǻһ½ǣҪսжǿ
Χ۵˾ˣղŵײѾѰڵʿҪǿˣѵ㲻ĶԾ
Ǿͼɣ
ҶȭͷϹâһ׸ԭ֮Ĳ࣬ڴ֮еġ
򣡡
Ҷһȣһâھѣɽӣͷ˿趯һȭɱǰ
𣡡
ӿзţԺŵ񻷹âţеһŷһ㣬Ҳ̧ǰɱ˸ǿš
䣡
̫ײһնϢ
˵϶ƻâ·ȼһ㣬ųԡ
ǿ𣿡
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣʥسڵҲûôǿ󡣡
۷鱦˰ɣ
ͽִ˵鱦Ӧòʲô£
ս̨Χ˶ھһŴͣŵĿսϵˡ
Ҷһȭ·˾죬ɫ֮͵ȭͷƣ֮죬µġ
ˣɫȭͷ·鱦һ㣬ȭͷǰһƻʱпܻ
飡
˶ûжܣɫȭâɫȭâײһ𣬿ռ˲ˣ񱩵ռѷɣںڵĿռѷɢļµϢ˵ȭͷݺײһ
꣡
˵ȭͷͬʱ飬ɫѪҺɫѪҺȭͷֱۣٵ
˿νƾУһܾˣ˭Ҳûռˡ
ţ˱ʩչѪؾֱۣ¸ԭ
˱սһ𣬴ӵգңһ֮ϱ죬һŴĿĹâ֮䱬
һսСʱ˶ˣһӢʵ𣿺һǿ˿
ڵϣܶʥصĳ϶ĿࡣǵĻδܼôá

һȣʩչ澭Ӳӣһһ㣬һȭҶȥ
ৣ
ҶŲ׷ǲɲǼԶݣâһһһģһ̥֣ӭ籩ǣܿͳԽӵ
̥֣
ⲻǵ̥ҶԼΪԭ̥ͣ㿴̥òһ޶
ÿһҶԻ̥һ󾪺Ҳ⣬ҶȻԼΪ̥ɹûۼʿˡ
вĵĹ涨Ҳ콾ĴۣǾ̥ʱ򣬾ԲΪΣΪΪ֮飬ֻ̥ʧһ;˻˱
Ҷ̬ʱ򣬲֪һ˵򼴱ô԰ҲðôķȥԼΪ̥
Ϊ֪Ҷ侹Ȼ۳ɹˣΪ̥Ⱥӡ
շӡ
һȣĥ̴ĽɫƺݺҶȥһսʤ𣬻ɢŷ⡣
úã
Ҷ˿壬ȭɱӲӲĴ򷨣̥һ£پһ㣬²
䣡
շӡҶȭͷײһͬʱ׷ɣƽɫ
ţ
ҶԾܹڴԿϺԼսôõģ֮⣬ڶ롣
Ӹ𾪣ԭΪԼѾֲˣз澭ɱϣνǴһ޵֡
Ȼ
Ҷ֪ʲôˣ죬ҶǿȾȻӿֲ
һ̣ʤҡˣⲻʲô֮ս໥д裬Իս̨
˷ʱˣ
ջԭģҶҲ̥˶ͬʱ˵

漴һ㶣ЦЦø⳩죬һϧĸоȻ
Ȼд裬ȻҪֳʤҸԴǿһ˭ܽӵΣ
Ц˵
д⣡
ҶҲ΢ЦŻش޾ԶȴܸоԷǿĺս⡣
ˣ
Ϸ·һɫһ㣬·ݺύ˸Źԡ
ϣ
ҶҲʩչγһףಿλһطΪĻļǶ
ͬ¿ʼǿҵս·һϯս̨
Ҫһʤ𣿡
ΣΧ۵˶ʱһȫ˵սˡ
ҡ
ֱ˿֪ԭǸмһ˵Ķ֣Ѿ֪ĳɳҪĴˡ
ҲͬˣһʼûҶȻҶȴһδεĽܡ
ڣѾȫʧȥ˺Ҷֵʸ
Ҷ߹·һ·սǿȴʼûսǿһľۡ
ͬȾ磬ӶδսʤǳԾĵطҪ֪ӿǴѪǿģû˿ϡ͡
û뵽ҶֵܾȻôǿˡ̲סп
ǰһУûĶˡʯҰҲ͡
Ŵ󺷷˵еϴĽ΢΢üоҶǿǳǿԼҲܻûȤ
˸˼۷׷׵ʱ˷·һԷײȥ
ʵײʼˣһУ˿۵֮⣬ûܿǵĶ
ħ˫΢УĿתĿԽԽԵȭͷ϶ŷơ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʯ䣬˱ݺݵײһ𣬱Ŀâ
飡
飡
˶ûжЯ֮˶֡
ҶһȭӵؿڣɫȻһյɳȥѪƼء
ҲһȭҶؿڣͬɳȥһ·ϽɫѪٲȻܾˡ
Ҷ˺ܶ࣬ͷǳǿټϹŶܲƬĻļףֻǱ˶ѣƲء
ҶһȭعǶˣǰȥȭͷĿӣ˵ࡣ
ɰԶҶͣâһתɲǼָս
򵹷ɳȥٶɣѪɫʾ·𱻺ݺһӵľһؿΪģѺۡ
ۣ
վ֮ٴһѪתŴͨе޸塣
ˣ
ϣ̹ȻԼڵд·磬Ҷ
ӡȻˣ
ļλɮһĲţΪڵĽӾȻд䣿




1572 ħѱ
似дУҶʤˣҲʤļգԹŶܲƬסؿڣӺö١
ȷһĹ˿ھ壬Ҳǿڵһ۴µ
Ҷǵõ˾ۺ˵ĴУܿܰܵ˻
Ҷ˾۵壬ͬʱҲٴԼʹﵽ̲ĳ̶ˡ
ȻҲչֶβǿʤ˵һεʤ֮ס
ܹս̨ϼֵڲܣֱǸ漣
ӡ
ļɮӭɫ⸴ӣȻֻд裬ϾǷӰˣǵĴ֪
ԣʤʤܾǰܣûʲô˵ģʤ˱ҳ£˳ɾʹۣû˿һֱʤȥġ
ľƽͣʤúܵްġ
˼Ҷĺ޲ھ̱жϣɳ
ЩҶûʲôԹеοſγ岻ˣ弴Ҳûʲôµˡ
Ӯˡ
鳤һһֱŵǷˣޱȵģ˿¶Ц̡
Ҷ
ΪҶѣ˺ʯҰҲһڵ֪ǿʱҲΪҶһѺ
Ҫ֪ˣ죬ҶȻʯҰ嶼ǿܷսʤķӻĺ˵
һǷǳصģ򼸺ûж˽ĴУҲ֪ʲô˵似͹
ϲЦҶȡõĳɼԽԽġ
ԺԺɮҲһ΢Цֻô˭Ҳ֪ˣһΣԺȻܵôңû뵽ġ
Ϊ֮һûʲô뷨ҶԽǿ󣬽ڶԿʱҲԽ
ЩҶնɱʥӵʥغϴڵɫͲôÿˣһɫࡣ
ǰ뷢ҲڣǿгֵĻ»Ժı嶼ܲŭ
湻۵ģķӣȻˣ
ħһۣ˵
ħڵĳҲ׷׵ͷΪԼ֮
Ӳô˵Ҳˣħ漰һ裬ǻǻͬġ
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˵ţħս̨һź֮УħɭϢ
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սΧڽԻȻҶһĿ꣬νʸ֮ģΪǿ޲뽫ս
ħںͷȻݣȴ쳣Žᣬʱħںͷ˲ͻ֡
һֵ۱ǿ鱨޷֪еԭ
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˫漣ֵļʼͣҲ֪ûгֹˡ
ǳ֣Ҳпûб˷֣ɽ֣ṳ֮̂·
ҶһɲǾܿ΢Цʵ֪ħҪд裿
ǿҿɲ봥ùͷҵԶûǿ󣬲дΣ
ħڹƫ̫أǴħһּߵľ硣
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ҶˣȷǿԽսѹȻ̰塣
һһģеʧʹȻܶռȫˡ
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ħҪҶϵд裬Χ۵˷ˣҪ֪֮⣬רģһ궼ƫ嶼Ҫ˵дսˡ
ʿ似ͨҪģǱߵʵпר似
ɮüͷ΢д費ͬͨ似֮ıԣǿڹؼʱָ̲Ԥ
֮д裬ҪģһʧˣɲԸ⿴ġ
ħȻħħȴʮ֮ˣΣҲ˵й
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ϲһ£Ҷѯʡ
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ħˬһЦȫĺ·ܵһ㣬սڣ¶ͦӢ
һĻ˸ˣΪħòϺͷӼƣĶƺһͺһģ̳һ
Ī˫ӣ
۷׷ףħֿӣܾʲ֮ͬ⣬ֱһˡ
˵ۺɣںħڵ˶ûκα⣬·ûһ
ڴʱ»ʳϻ˵ⲻ˫ӣǷһͨħѱ䣬ħӦһˣһǷ壬һħǣ似ͨħ꣬һɣ˱ؽ壬ɾϴ

ⷬ˵ʥص˺һʿɵˣħںͷڵҲǳȡ
ǲδӣƺϻģӺħȻһˣ̫ˡ
ô֪˷ͨһѱģ
ղ˫ӵɵ
ܼ򵥣ϷڶǰԶ߹һ⣬ںħڵʷԨԴйһЩ˽⣬һЩżз˷ħѱͨ꾡
ϻɨһۣ˵
һðյľڼܹջ񣬿ɼʱϻΪѾﵽ˸ĵزˣҲ˽⵽ôйطںħڵ
ԭѹֿǾһˡ
Ĺ似ʵ̫ˣȻзħѱĹҲѰɣ
Ƚĵ˺ʱ˭־ΪأǷ𣿻ħ
۷׷ס




1573 ֮ս
ķںħڵɫÿȴûгԷ·Ĭһ㡣
Խ֣˷»ʳϻ˵ĻЩˣħڵǿ˾ȻһˣҲ̫˷˼ˡ
ҶСģҪʼˡ
ħҶͣȻдϻҶΪһĵһˣȴû͵Ϯ
ħ֣룡
ҶҴ⣬ȫ䱸ţ깥չգһչȻǷǳĹ
ɣħƶȻһ䣬һϢսԽԽī۶޷͸ˣ˭Ҳ֪սоʲô
ٿȻ
ħ̧ͷһ˫ӱޱȿ£˸ڹ⣬ڶһ㣬Ȼһ޴УһƬѪ죬һѪ£޾ڰ˵ꡣ
ȻվһɫħɽһΡȻȴǿѹƬأľ
һɹϢΧйս߶һľ˼
ϲһü֮дΪգȴܺӸ棬ֻܾصȴȴдĽ
УҶ˫âԿħжȴ֪Ҫι
ৣ
ħһѪ·ɳѪҫ£жޣҶɱȥ
ͬʱħҲɳڶһĺɫУҶ֮꣬ɡ
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ৣ
Ҷüѿ۵ӡɫĴӡ⣬ڣѪײȥ
䣡
һ죬ӡѪײһ𣬱ݲеĹâ
ħƺһѪ²㱻Ҷ۵ӡײˣæԺڶнѪ
оԭΪҶǿȻû뵽ȻѾ۳˴ӡ˿Լ١
ħ磡
ħһȣʯȻһ䣬ȫˣӳҶǰһƬѪɫ硣
һƬ棬ĿģеֻưܣļŵĴϵǿݹǺʬ壬ħ𣬿ƺаԩ˻
һĻҶ֪ħΪ˺д似⽫硣
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ħ٩٩̸û˿Ҫд˼ƬԷǳϸĸҶһ顣
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ܺãҲ֪ǿҵʤһ
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ҶȻԭΪԼѾȫ磬û뵽仹ǻ˵һЩֻееĶ
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ϣ

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۷׷׵ʱħҶʹħٴδսһ
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˵궼ǳǿ󣬵ǴħȴǳɵΪҶлڣЩʿ꣬治֪Ҷôշֲġ

Ҷֱֳָޣݺݵڷ컭ϣЩ֮Ҷˣ˳ꪸħȥ




1574 ħ
ħһƬǽ壬һɵѪζȻһ磬ȴʵûʲô
ħ߾ȫҶ⣬Ѿ˵ȥˣȻ䣬ҲΪԼ䡣
˵չսͲдˣ
أҶҲھȴħ֮ǿͬʱҲĺʤ֮ġ
дȻһѡνԿһӢͬʱҲһ·֮
һۣʺǿ߷׷׵ὫΨһ֤֮д衣

ٴײ֮󣬸ԶݣعԼı壬ĬĬضš
ǳҵԤϣǿҲͰˣ꾹ȻҲǿ治֪ôġ
ħħ̾
ʵҶԼеȣ֮꣬ǰ꽣֮⣬Ҳֻǵõѡ
뵽棬Ҷ˲ˣΪĴڣԼſôǿ
ڱշ֮ѾΪһ壬պʹ꣬ûôר꣬Ȼͨʿǿ̫ˡ
ڽԺ֮־֮ؾŵϴŴ
Ҳļϣõ˼֮ӡһġشĵۡ
֮ǿҵԤϵģһҪսʤ㣬Ϊ깥ҵǿ㲻ʤҡ
ħЦݣһһٵ˵
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Ҷ˫ȼǿҵս⣬Ȼħ깥ǳ죬ţԼ䣬ΪҲѹ׵ľûʹء
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һּµĹħʿǿĵˣսʤħձȻֻ·һ
ʿһħƣͻһǿɱ¾ɥʧԣĳ˵ħƵˣȻ廹ţѾˡ
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Ҷһȣɫףֱֳָ޵С˴üĳмٴɱȥ

ħĿɿڴɱǿޱȣûֽܹɱ»ж磬Ҷģ
ħôҲǰһģΪ֮ǰڵ۷峤ֹ£۷ħڳ϶ס
ɲǼ䣬ҶĦǰиֱ޺ХԴȥһҪʵˣħֻèҲˡ

ħֽһз컭ꪺݺֱȥͬʱˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣҶתرһ˲ķ컭նȥ϶ʱһﳤѺۡ
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ħһۣ׼ʵȻȴûеõԼɢʱ򣬶һһϤĸоӿͷ
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ħҡͷЦû뵽Լóд裬ĻԼ
ҲҶ۷ˣܹǧһֲ֮ר黹Լؽȣ̾硣




1575 һˣ
һʱȥˣսϺܹоʲô˶ڽصȴŽ
꾫ӢȤҪҶ޶ȭȭд裬ʲôҲд裬ǴκζҲѧ
һЩ֮սһǿǲü֪֮սжôգвˡ
˵Ҷαɡ
ʦһҲˣ˿Թ˵ǵĴ˱Ҷһ׵Ÿһ˲ŵ㣬ûмʮ꣬ϰʱ䶼޷ָԪȻҶ֮ǡ
ǵĻʱһ󸽺ͣЩʥӼǿҶеġ
ҲбҶ˵ӵźʥأǶ˶ˣ˵ϣҶʤһȺˡ
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ʯҰĻս̨Һʧȥʥӵſڽࡣ
иŭȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˣΪʯҰ˵ЩҶеʥӼǿ߻ǱĶǾȡֲҶ
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Ҷʹħ˶һۣħڵˣҶǿֶξ̾磡
ⷬһڣս̨Χʱˣ˶ţҶȻдӮ˴ħ̫ˣ
Щԭڿ˵ҶɵǺݺݰһǴһ㣬ϻģһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
͹ɫৡһ±ɷףһǿҵС
Ҷ
ʵǿҲѹ깥ħһϣûˡ
úܶһǿҲеȲѣҶ·һʶһ
ʤҶ漣
һоԿƵһˣޱ߷˵ܳȺܱ˭Ķ֣
뵽˶ĿͶһֱĬĬŵĿĽܣΪŴ󺷷еϴʵǿܷսʤҶûд֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵á
ܶ˶ΪĽҲδսʤҶΪʵȻҲǿ޶ֻڲ֮䣬Ҷ޶̩ӺʹħˣѾ춨һһ˵λãβɺ
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬ĽܿЦһԼʵȻҶ¼һʱ䣬ܵĿ϶Լ
ȻˣǻֱӲҪд˵ĺãʵΪϿɣд費дʵѾûжˡ
֣ѵ㲻ȥһѵĻᣬҶսǿߣʵ϶ȫʢʱڣʱΨһܹսʤʱѵ㲻ģ
һʥصľӢĽ
ǳ֮ΣˣдҲȵȫָǿ̬д裬ҵǺдһ֪ϴͽ̷񣿡
Ľһ۱㿴˵뷨Цһ˵
Ҿ˰ɣҳϲĶ֣ǱŰĺá
˸ûȤűڨڨߡ
ϵս̨ϣҶ׿Ȼһ˵սͦεӡ˵ĺ
һȻһЩΪǳŵ̨ҶȴһжŲķڷ
˶ʣµ˼̨ҲûˣҶԶҲĲ𾪡
ʱҶĿ֮ٴͳ񶦣浹һǳǶһֱȥǵòۺ첻ѡ
ܼӣֵһŵİܼӣǿһαʿ̥ǣٵĺöǾôˣ
ܶԪ޶ĻʯĿ࣬Ҷܼңкö֪á
һĻԭԾԾԵǿ߶ʱˣ⻹ô
˼ָٴҹҲ޷ԺĲ
ϲɮܵ˶ˣҶǲκսף˭ܸĵ
Ҷе»ʳϻ۾һС°ɨһۣ֪˵Щʲô
°׹һΪѣ·¶˾ģҶ
ʲôûɣ»ʳСĪҪҶд費ɣ
һĻܶʿ׷Ǻ˫ۼ
Ǻ֪ܿԼˣΪ°׹Ҷǰδд裬С˵Ҷٸһ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣ϴɸżвѾʮôҪ
ҶģȻ󣬵ǲں̽еİ񶦵ݹȥ滹ˡ
лл㣡
°׹ӹ񶦣ҶһĬĬߣһĻúܶŮʿ˺۲
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻ˴󷽣˵˾ˣʦҲûĴֱʰɣ
һ̣Ƕ˼ܹҶߵýһЩĻҲֵһЩ֮ıء
ˣҶд裬ܶʿΪӦúҶùϵ
һҶյдѾ춨һһ˵ĵλ
οҶΪѣԻúô




1576 ̫
һ̣ҶΪĿĽ㣬ͷһʱ
ܶʱ׳֦ϣܹá
ҶһЩҲھɸżУرõ˾°׹һͨɽ٣Ӳ飬˾̾ѡ
ڳԸɸżз飬Ҳһʱпǧ
˵в̫ڰҶɵġ
˵ҶĪĹͷһɸżؽһȷѪꡣ
ȫûԣֻ֪ɱ¾һ֮׳֮廹壬ͨҰ޳϶Ź
˵ۣҶϵĹâԽԽʢˣܶ˶֮ʣϣܹҶá
ԭܼ򵥣һҶӵе۱ʵֹھһӵоѪ֤Ļܴ
ڶеʦеѰܹɽѰҲѰҵʯ󣬶Զʯж֮
㣬κʵϣҶãҲˣԼѡ
ЩѾҶӵʥغϴɫѿ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿ
ǿڲҶǾ͸ûлˣһûҶĶ֣һְֹز֣ܳбֻ̿֡
Ҷͷʢʱ򣬹żӪУŵӹͻȻһս̨˵ҶĺܳҵԤϣдһΣ
ţ
˻һڣ˲侲˭Ҳû뵽ΪӵĹɾȻݵҶд裡
ҶǺǿҲŴѪϾǴӣѪ˵޷͹Ტۡ
ⲻǰ۸ԴӵݣȻһǴӵʿд裬̫ˡ
żִҪһسˣʧܣϴαҶùżҶͬʱҲʧ˲ʯ϶ǹż⡣
ҪģûôҪģ
ԼѪ˫ô״۸ˣżҲ̫۸ˣ
ݵļž֮Χ˷׷ۣùɴ˾˵ɡ
޿ɷϣҶȷǿͨ۷ʱսôڵ֣ʹȣ»в硣
Щܼңȴ޶ԣ˫纣ҶȴĻش
żҲװƣһҪⳡƽд裬ڹżҵ壬˸ҳ
һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼҶϣλӦܶ˶ΪԲӦսģϾ˫̫
Ҷͨ۷壬ȴѾˣ֮С硣
ͨʿҶС磬ҲԲĶ֣ȴͬǹŵӣѪǿ󣬶Ҽ̳˹ŵеĴУ
ϲɮܵҲͶҶȴĻشֲƽд裬ҶӦòӦŶԡ
»ʳС°С첻ϵţֻо˲壬˵ҪӦҪӦ
»ʴӾԱߣУɵݸһЦ֪ԼҶ˼
ӰڿڶЦ°׺Ҷɸżеľ֪ҲԼöҶ㺰ֻԼ֪ˡ
°׹һǣҲڰҶҪӦⳡƽд衣
·ǵһҶĿ˹һۣҾܾд衣
˻һڣܶ˶һŵҲҶѡǡ
죬ӽطǳ֮
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ڱʤ£ܶ˶ıΪԼܣӶ׽ܱ˵ս
Ȼʱʧܵģذܣԭ򣬺ܶʱı£ƺõС
Ҷȴ֪Լ͹֮Ĳ࣬ϾܾдҪµĵط
ϲ;۱ĸЦҶԺĵӣͬʱҲǹھ۱ĵӡ
˿̣Ǿ۱ĸӹˣھ۱Ĵ֧Ԯ£ڵɷչϣһƬٵľ
ҶɵĵӣȻҲǾ۱ĵӣ˱֣۱Ҳй⡣
Ļ㣬ֱ㼫ˣ۹Ϭ׼ҶмǱΪҶ۱󣬾Ȼϧɡ
ʥء̫ʥصǷпҶǰһС߳ʿ˿ȴѾɳ˵زǺա
ʥغϴǸ˼еİϧеΪҶѡкãһ㡣
ҶϾܾ˹ɵдҪ»ʳӺ˻ʴ۵˶¶һ˿΢Ц
ЦҶķӦԤ֮УʵվҶд֮ǰ뵽
ҲӦǾܾΪżһӡ
һҶӦƾʵԿŰҶŰ㲻ɱҲԴʧȥ֤ģΪ
ҶӦҲ޷ܹӰ޵֮ƣҡ֮ġ
һʿʧܲҪҪǲʧȥ֮ģ֮Ķʧȥˣǲʧܡ
Ϲһǿߣǳ⣬һ·ܵ׼۾죬һ֤ܵɵˡ
Ȼÿһսʧܣȴδʧȥ֮ģܹŰսҲϱǿԭ
ųдûУ㻹ǸϽȥɣ㲻վս̨ϣɽһ̵
̫ˣ
ûԼǹŵ֮ӣѪҶ۸ˣ
ɵĻ˺ܶ˵ķУϾǹŵӣݺѪǿӸµȥҶҲûнǷ
ϲ΢΢üҲùɴ˻̫ˣпܻӰ쵽Ҷ֮ġ
С棬ȥѵѵǼһɣ̫ɶˣ˵ڶҡҶ֮ģĵ
°׹ҡ»ӵֱ˵
Ǻǡ
ºЦΪҶ֪ҡҶ֮ġ
ҶĿ˹һۣЦΪ֮ӣ̳деͳʵѹˣܹдҲǲԣ㲻ң
ҲңǺǣЦˣղ˶ˣ㲻һսײû˸˶˵
ͬд裬ͬдĻҷ㵽ףҶǿƻӦ
˻һڽԻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻͬд裬ûнɵĴû
Ҫ֪ǹŵӣѪ֮ǿ󣬼ͬҲж֡
磬˹Żº˻ʴ۵֮⣬˭˵ܹͬսʤɣ
ҶҲһսʱͬ£δйܼ˵ÿһ綼ѹʽսʤͬ֡




1577 սɣ
żҵҪҶд裬Ҷܾǵۣܶ˶ΪҶǵѡ
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˭Ҳû뵽Ϊⳡд費ᷢʱͻȻ·תҶͬд衣
Ҫ֪֤֮ĵˣ־ǼǿģΪŵӣû˴۷Ӱʱϣ֤
־ڴ֮·ˣÿһ綼޵Уʵڽ֤·ϲܼ½
ҶĻٴ˵飬ɴѪйŵ۹似ȵȣʵȻǿ
Ҷ¼Ŀãͬ£Ծѹ֣һд裬
˵Ŀⶼ˹ϣҲҴӦҶͬдˡ
ã
ڴĿУԥϴӦˡ
Ȼ֪ҶǿҲ˵Ҷͬ޵е¼дģӦսĻʵڶˡ
ң˿ǲҺҶͬдĻ֮һ޴Ĵܻܿᶯҡ޵е̬ǺǼصġ
̫䱻ŵ۷ӡһֱȵųѲϤǸˣ˷ǣҲˡ
ô꣬Ϊʲô
֤֮⣬κҲܶҡ֤֮ġ
˵Ϊŵӵɵߣÿһ綼޵еģÿһ綼£ͬ޵С
ŵӺһͨʿд裬بδ֮Ⱥӣһ˶
ĵ۴̩׾ȭ޶˶йעⳡսȻǰˣ˿Ӱǵ
ž
תԼľѹƵҶͬͨ۷壬һ˿âԿʼ𣿡
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Ҷ˵Ų㣬ԼѹƵľ磬ʱ⿪أҪƽд裬Ǳ㰵㡣
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ɫ䣬ҶǲƷλ󶯡
ʲô㣿ھѨʱ˭˵ԼΪУͻȻ͵ϮҵģǰŲҲҶ˵
ƿԣһ˽ɫ޺޵㾿ҪΣ
ܼ򵥣һƽӡʵ㵽ʱסҶ
ӡɣ
Ҷ䣬»ʳϻվ
д»ʳ֣ҶżҶûκνϵ˵ֹܱƽġ
ҲʵӡһӵΪʱ޷⻹ܹġ
˼ˡ
Ҷϻʩ񣬶վһԡ
»ʳϻͷ˫ֻӶһСһâûɵڣΪ׷ӡͨ۷壬ûмʱ޷⿪ȫдˡ
ڿô
ԹĿҶ˵
ˣְɣҼʶһ¹ŵӾкι֮
Ҷֶùȳ֡
ٶò˶Ҷ˺øУ˫޷ĳޣ÷ǳá
ǹŵӣݻǵλҶҪǿܶ࣬ǱԼԹŵ۵𾴡
ÿһλ۶Ŵ󹦼ֵǹͬ𾴵ġ
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Ҳ֪Ҷȳ֣һȣֱһȭȭâ˺ա
ǹŵӣ㽫Ϊӡͨ۷ҲȫԽڵǿߡ
һǲ̾ӹȻǿͬпҲе֡
Ҷɫһ࣬ͬȭӭΧ۵˷׷ױˣǰ֮ǲҿ̫
䣡
˵ȭͷײһ𣬱̫Ҫ貵Ĺâҫ۾




Կ죬սһţֻܿӰڿм䲻ϱײʵ˵ĴսǺεȵľҡ
ɢâŵ۸һ㣬ӵ޾ѹ̲סĤݡ
Ҷ߾ȫֿɵѹȭϻ죬ģÿһȭ·һһ㣬춯ء
ֱ˿̣Ҷ׹ŵѪǺεȵǿ󣬼ͬ£Ҳܹ޵С
˿壬ȭչ͹ӲӲӲƴ˿·磬ù𾪲ѡ
Ҫ֪ǹŵӣҶӵдѪѣԵƣҶȴܹսƽ֣𾪡
顭
ȭཻ·ʱһ㣬һɫĿռѷ첻ϳ֡
̶Ϣ˱㽻սУսâ䣬·һ㡣
ҵսĿѣָۣд裬ʮڶѼ
䣡
˶Ժһ֮󣬽ɳ޾ԶľͣĬĬԷ
Ҷս죬˫۷·ȼɢϽɫĹâһoٳڷ졣
Ҳ֮ģͬ£ҶǴУò֡
ҶģǳҵԤϣȵ
㵹ûгҵԤϡҶǿƻӦ
ղŲѣһʶʲôͬ޵Сɱȡ
ʲôҪսͿ㣬ûĶᡣ
һԶΧ۵̲ס緹ҶҲ̫ǿˣȻ˵һӣùԿ
˵ȴں㣬һ˵Ҫսսĥߴˣû߶
ɫ࣬ɨ˺˵һۣҶȥѪȫˣ˿̵ͺǹŵ۸һ㡣

ԱŭĹɣҶƮƮ̧֣һȥ
ɶʱһݣæиı˷һ߳ȥҶɱɢּ
ھѨʱҶ޾ɱɢֽڵϵġ
Ȼ
ǣûкɫγɣҶδʩչɱɢֻ֣Żѡ

ɴΪŭû뵽ȻҶһôǰˡ
һ˲䣬ɽԼս˼£һ⣬ҶȥҪҶ׻ܣͷ֮ޡ
ȻҶȴûиᣬһ̧ɱɢٶȴ
û޾ʹã򲻳ŵ˵
䣡
Ȼ
ɵĻ䣬ͷһɫľ޴ͻأ֣Ͻڵϡ

һĻ˵°ͣ˭Ҳû뵽ΪӵĹɣȻҶһڵϣҲ̫ˡ
ܿ죬ɫʧǱĴӵ·ãһ˿ףѾէйˡ

ŭôҲû뵽Լ³Աˡ
ʲô
Ҷԥһɱɢ֣һΰѹڵϡ
̷󣬶ʱڸĲ֧ʹɱɢֲ⡣
ǣǱ㿴һĻ澰Ҷվڸ߿գսһ㣬Ʈݡ
ǱҪĽлӣɫһһεڵϣ޷ӽҶ
ȼɱɢǰԾɲ˾֮ѾһѪ˿ͷҲɢˡ

һĻ˼ʯ˵õľʴսأ
ôҶڿŰɣûУһһεıڵϡ




1578 Ű
ս̨ϳһĻ澰ΪӵĹɱҶɱɢֿŰһ˿ֵûС
бǿʵȴʩչͬ£ȻҶŰһŰ
ͬʱҲ𾪣û뵽ҶڲܽõԾܹʩչɱɢ
ԶΧ۵˸𾪵Ըӣ˭
ǿǹŵӣʵѪǿ󣬵ͬ¾ȻҶŰʵԽܡ
ãҶӣô򣬴ùŵʶ
ҶռϷ磬˷ܵغţǸоڿŰɡ
ʯҰҲЦܲظźһϹ壬ùżҼзŭȴ޷ֻܳưͿ
ڳʿȫˣҶչֳʵǸе
˿ֲսѹЩʥӼǿ߲Ƕ֣նɱҲȻˡ
ϲǵͷ΢ЦҶıֳԤϣȴΪԺ⣬ԺǴһˮһˬñӡ
ˣҲˬˣɹżȴɫѿ㣬ҶطĿг˻Եŭ
Ƿŭ˼㣬ƫƫ޻˵
дǹɣӦҶͬдҲǹɣҶûаëǮĹϵֻ˵ԼŰ
Ϊ壬żǶ˶ˣڱ˵ӣӶûˣʲôӣ
°׹СųOͣһ㽶
ȻҲû뵽Ҷǿ󣬾ȻͬдпŰɡ
ӰҲҶıָе⾪ޣͬû뵽ҶȻܹŰɣ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
»ʳŻºҲĹâҶһоһȴ似ֱδš
ܺ棬Ҷܵõ
ʣҶȷǵˣҲĻԵˣ֤·ϣһϯ֮ء
Ƿǳο֪εдҪˣڹսܵһ̣Ҷһһ˵λýҲ˿Ժ
˻ʴ۵ĵ΢΢ͷ˭Ҳ֪ôģ˻ʼʥ֪
ңţֽűҶɳٶ̫ˡ
ҶոձԺ¼ȡʱСû뵽Ѿɳֵز
ʥüͷһʼҾʹҶǶԻǴˣ
ڵҶѾɳһпν޵УӦҵҫȴֽҫ˳ȥ
棬۵־ϲɫʵȴͬζƿ̣֮
ҶϵĶӣҲҵϣΨһˣôģ
ڸı̬ȣҶڣͬ𣿡
־ì֮С
ҪɱҶѾǲˣѾɳо۱ԺıҲ
Ҿ۵ĵ۱ҶУҵõ˾ڵ۱ϿɣҸûϣˡ
Ȩף־һѵľ񣬷Ҷĳɼ͵ӣþһа취ҡ
ֻҪҶԸع飬ҵĵλһ˵ĸ߶ȣֻ
һҶعңҲʧõ۱һ֤ˣ׬⡣
Ҷ֤ĻôҽΪһһ˫۵ĵ壬δʮ꣬ϵĵλβɺ
־Ҳ֪ºѣһʼҾʹˣڸ֪ü
ôҪһ£Ϊҵδֻܻȥˡ
˸˼ʱսûзκα仯αŭʼձҶɱɢѹƵģ޷챻ĳˡ
ҶԾһûһµʩչɱɢ֣˿ûĸɾ˼Ŀɿڴȫľˡ
Ҫ֪ԺʱҶʯܵޱߣʮѨе̥ӰҲṩûݽ֮ݡ
Ȼ
ȴŲסˣɱɢֵÿһ¶㽫Ľȥ
Ƭսս̨֮һͱҶɱɢĴˡ
ӸոյõɱɢֵʱҶͷ֣ɱɢֵǳ󣬱ȵۼ似ȭҪ󣬵Ҳܴ
ǰֻڵĵطʩչڣƾҲʩչˡ
һ˶ʮ£ɵıһˣòʩչŵȴıԴĺܴҲܶʩչ

Űˣ
ԭΪŰҶû뵽Ȼ෴ŰŰˣȴŰˡ
ֹͣɣдûҪټȥˣ
»ʳϻڹɱδ֮ʵڿȥˣֹⳡд衣
ʵѾдˣд˫ڹȫǱŰ˵ǻˣܶ
⡭ôд裿




1579 
»ʳϻ£дʽˣɻò˿ҲٵˣҲݡ
սܣҲû˲۵ȥսҶˣдʹ˽ϯҲ׼ˣһá
»ʳϻȡһʥɷ£͵żӪῪʼ
ⳡΪ֣ڹ֮ڣߺȱģԿѡ
һ¶죬ɹŻºʹӰкˡ
ҶȻȻĺͺ˵һ
»ʳƴ֣εȻҲǳݻǿⶼ˵вͣԵĲֺ
ƹѲ˹ζ˻ʴӶžƱ߹Ҷٱʾ⣬һ΢Ц˵ҶִﶼҹɱСܷǳ壬ҶֲĻǽΣͬУս壬ɱƽڰң
ôٵң
ºҲžƱ˹˵Ϊλġ
ܹͶλЯֲɱУҵң
ҶһƣˬʵĴЦ
ǣսҲǲУԿǻܹһġ
ʯҰͺ˴չһЦǳǢ
ǵĶԻֻ֮ĺһδ·мΪһ㡣
ҶӣϲսʤǸˣһѩǰܰɨ˹һۣ˵
ৣ
ɵɫˢһ±࣬Ȼ֪ô£޵ھѨûнǻɱ
ܿ죬ħħͷҲ˹Ҷʾ壬л顣
ڿҶŰɵʱǾʶҶԭһֱ֣ǽܵĸҡ
˵ͺӣŲǽֹôȲɰǺȾǳ⣬̲ס˵
⴩ͷ˵嶼һƤҶѣֻҪзģȾƳҲ޷ްСһõɮӡ
λӺӡħ˵ĵ˵ԽӲһ𣬴ΧһȦߺȱġ
ȻǷӣڷŵȴأ˾졣
ҶԷ̵⻹ͣڵϣΪԴ磬ûмŵӣǵһ
ڵϵķ䣬ɱ͵ơа
˷Ŵ䣬λΪ֤ӿɵãⲻɣԵıʯҰ˻˻Ƿ֤ϣ

ħ˿ӣ˵ֻʵνĴȱαƶѣһǿʳ磬֮Ҫõġ
ֹ۵ħӦеģ˭Ҳ˵ʲôΪħħڵŷǿΪûд
ҶͬħȻħͷΣȴƫģͨʿ޵⡣
˵ͨʿûֵʸмںЩΪѡ
ô˵Ҷħһ֮ˣЩ£ȴһеŮ潣Ʊ˵ǿˡ
̩޶ҲˣҶһַǷһǿļˡ
Ҷ֣˲̶ֳܹͨȣֱ˼̩ЦҶ˵
ֵ˾ޣֹǰδֻʵЩ̫ˣһ˽֣֮Ժ󲻿ɲҶ̩Ĳ֮
ҲԶ׼ģ˭ֻ֪Ҫܹһʥ̥Сʿɽɱ
̩ЦһҺγ֪أһ޸ֵܹ֮زѾܲˣʷ棬Ҳڽ߾ܹ֮Ĺۣǲˡ
Ҳδأ
Ҷ˵ܹ˵ʵĶ̫ˣֻûеõˣлᣬҸŪһʡ
ѰֻҪܹܹѰģֻʱ⡣
ϾÿһܵʷǳС
ҲɼҶ͸°׹жˣÿһܹͨʿ̥һΣڶʹЧͲ˺ܶࡣ
̩ʱһͨҲòĶȥϴ跥ë̥ǵĻЧһǳá
ǸãԺֵҾ͸ˡ
̩۾һЦɲһܹõģдԵżȻõΡ
ڵ֪ҶѰõһʦ洫̩֮ϾԺ͸ˡ
ҶӣɲҪǣʲôôüǵøǷ˺ʯҰµ˵
һҰˣǿȱҲĶȥõ̥𣿡ҶʯҰһȭЦ˵
أҿûô̬ʣôҲҵɣ˴չ˵
õĺô𣿷İɣֻҪú͵ˣҪʲôֻҪܸһҶЦá
һʣһҲȱ˲ֻ̫ˣϳԿͲסįʵһֱϲµġ
ˣҪһܵס˱޲ߺͶͻͽʽȻҲЩɾͣԲ̫ڡ
ӿƹҲûٵѻܶࡣ
㲻ЩȻ֤֮·һƬݹǣҪ벻˵̤ʯǾͱҪŬʵᱻĹ˳ܧûһˮС
ٹʮ꣬˭ǵ㣿
ʮ꣬ҶǵȲˣ뾡ʵΪϻһǣңиֿĺյȥȣûκʱܹ˷ѡ
Ҷ֣ȻֶˣҲ£Ҳ̥һΡ޶Ц˵
ðǴҶŽҶΪ׵룬һ㣬ǰӡ
ҶûӦΨ²ҵļһŵӦ
˵Ļ˺Ц
ҶֵĳȻ෴ǣҺ͹żһԵ൱ƣȻ»ʳʳľҲ൱ȴζͬ
͹ձһҲٴȥˣһԿûйҲߣֻǿš
ҶλӣĴ̸Ц޵ҧˡ
ϷⱾӦģҲӦ֮һڣ͹ȴų⡣
дʧǳʧȥµ׳־ԵøįĬĬغƾơ
磬ҪʥڤɱֽҶСֳɣµһɱ֯δʧ֡ϯϣС콨
ҲǸ취Ȼ޷ûص۱ôɱɣһߣɢֲɱ
ԸҶͲǶ֣˵һûһĶ֡
£ɱƺҲһѡڤɱ綼Ƿǳģųµһɱ֯
ôֻҪǱڤɱ֯ϵˣûһܹӹǵİɱ
ʱͻȻԼδޣкŮʿ°վҶڵһȥʱɫĿ¡
лһ˿ңҲ°ײȥҶȥǵĵӡ
ܿ죬һ˿ϣҲˣֻ°׿Ҷǰ󷽷ĵҶµҹͣҪúлл
ѣҳݣĹ뷿һǲȥ˰ɣҶЦܡ
УһҪȥǲҸлĻᡣ
°׹Ե˵һСŮ˵̬
ûҶӦҲ߹ȵ˼ղСѾӦȥ۱ķֲҪиˡ
𣿡
°׹ԴҶֿ飬һ˿ĹâñȽϽɣӦȥҵĹС
¶Ҫи󵽣СȴӦҵģȻҪȸȥֲֺãŮ˸սĹâƺһԲϾҪһ

ҶΪ죬ûдӦʲôΪʲôô˵أ
뵽֣Ҷµʲôһۣλסס֮ȥ˵Ҳ㣬ҪԺôš
ʦصҶһ൱ƯԼԺԺİţ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
һֵӣѿ°׹飬Ҷ׽иһķչҶľԴӲǲϣǶҶӦˡ
ǱϾҶԽ޴ңֻܺЦһԿ֡
һĻҲףŮҶܵĹϵһĽʺޣ޲ܽҶλȡֻ֪֮ǲܵģֻܰĽ
ƵĲѪҪ֪°׹ϿδޣȴԼĵʾãƫƫֲ˵ʲô
˿̣ŭʵȵȸָģʧȥǣ




1580 ʮ

»ʳ
һȺԸȶһԿ徿ѡʲô˺ʡ
ʵÿжһ˳ƣ˭ʺ϶Կ壬зѾˡ
ܶ˶ϣԼʥصܹλУϾԿǳɹĻЩ˽Ĺ
һ޴Ĺ⻷⻷ǷһЩҲܱ⣬κʿܶЩΪº͵˳֣Ƕһ
ȻˣԿҲҪ۵ģһþпʱʲôҲ¡
ˣܶʥغϴҲΪԼʥһϯ֮أϾѡʮδض֡
Ȼ
ϲɮȴ֪һսغδϣݲð˽ڡ
󣬾ѵĴ̣նʮҲβ
»ʳϻΪףһȺ׻ͷ­߳վڹ㳡ϡ
ʱһѾˣҶʹħ޶˻ʵӡºƴ֮⣬ͳԹˡ
λɫ࣬ܶ˶һ֪ԿʮҪʼˣһԾʵ
㳡ϣϻϲһۣ΢ЦϲɣԺ͵Ժû˽ĵģȽϺһЩ
ΪʲôأɮЦϻ˵
ԸҲаϻҲЦŻش
ˣҲŲأº
ɮܺǼ黬Ƹϲ
ϲҲѣһϵɨȫ
һǿߣǵӣɨҲоһݣɵȻ𾴡
ǵ飬ԿһʮѾȷٵ
ϲƽƽȣĴڳÿһ˵Ķڡ
Ƿӡħħĵ۴̩׾ȭ޶ĽܡҶλӡҶк龡ǻؿǡ
ϲÿһ֣һͷӶʮ˵ȫ֮󣬹㳡Ϸ·ըһڶ
ħڵǿܹѡʮ֮ڣ˿֣ΪǶʵǶţȷǿһе֡
ҶûгҵԤϣͬдŵӶŰҪǲѡûܹѡˡ
ĵ۴˺׾ȭ޶Ҳչֳǿʵȫʸ
ĽǾŴ󺷷еϴȻ߶ʵȴСԿѹʥӣѡУҲԽܡ
ӣǾ͸˵ˣѡʱʹ壬Կκʹ
Ψйѡúܶ˸е⣬ʵȻǿҲǿ̫࣬˵ûʸѡʮġ
ȴû˵ʲôǺﾫﾫģ۽ëǿյģϲѡʮһ˵ʱǱµԭ
֮ѡʮ˵ȫڹ˼ɵһżҵӡ
ĵ۱в̶ͬȵĻΨйżҵĵ۱̶Сɷӵ塣
ټ֮ǰŵӹдϱҶŰ裬żһżһʲôľٶ
Ϊ˰ҲòΥĵѡ˹ʵҲȻ޶սˣҲʵ
Ҷӣϲ
ԵҶʾϲΪ֪ѡʮ˵ȻҪֱ壬ҲһĪĺô˭ԴҲ뼷
Ҷܶ˹ϲף֮⣬ѡҲ׷ױ˹أһʱ䣬㳡ģС
λ밲һ£ϷҲҪһ£
˽ͷӶ۷׷׵ʱһǹˣͷը죬㳡˲Ͱš
˵ĿⶼڵԺԺɮܵϣղһ˵ģڵȴνһ¡
˶֪ɮܿ϶ҪҪҲʱϴҵĻ
ɮֳܺЧͷһ£ھ֮Э鵽ֻʣһµʱˣԣҾںԿ֮ǰԺʮѡѡֿŵ֮ؾ
֮ؾ
֮ؾĸ羪˶ը죬˶ˣĽʺޡ
ԺһԺ֮ؾԺͬе֮ؾ
ݴ˵֮ؾǴģʺʿؾ֮ؾ졣
ȫ֮ؾĸ־ˣɮܺ˵Щʲôûעˡ
ʮѡֿŵ֮ؾԺҲѪˣΪδ˿˶˳ɼͬԵС
ϾǷ࣬һҪū࣬Щ޵ɱ
ԣһսҪʤַʢϣܣʧȥһУпܱūۣÿһ嶼Ըġ
ҶҲһԺ֮ؾУΪ˳ĽԺĵ֮ؾҲѷԺ֮ؾ
ӱ˵УԵ֮ؾҲһЩ˽⡣
֮ؾһ֮ؾҲһδ֪ĵطڵԺҲֻ֪֮ؾʲôط
ǵԺ߻ܣܹ֮ؾĶǵԺܳĵӣҲ֪֮ؾʲôط
ɸżһ֮еڣûĻ޷֡
Ҷɮܽ˵ʮѡֿؾнΪһܹжջ񣬾Ϳǵ컯ˡ
֮ؾҪܹһĻΪ϶ͻͽһʿĽĿˮģ˫۷Ź˵
ˣʵԺʸûУʲô֮ؾˡĴ
˵Ժĵ֮ؾǴģкܶ۶ĸκʿ˵޼֮
ûԺ֮ԽеԺ֮ؾдĸ͵ϣһ۰צջҲԺһˣ
ϧЩǵģֻܿЩ˽ȥˡ
ǿߺǿԽǿʿõԴԽ࣬ٶҲԽ죬߱ͺѵõԴֻԽԽ

ܶŶۺ͸пҶǵĴĽʺޣ޲ȡȥ֮ؾȥ
Ҳ֪ǲʵģҶƾԼʵõĴҽҪԵϢ˶壬һγȻǿ𣬺һսɱ⡣
ԿƤѼԹȣи˸ǿģȻ֮ܽؾͻҲֱֲ壬Ҳһ˰ɣ
һЩڵ̬֮ԳΪԼ⡣
Ȼ˵ҲЩλıûѡʮǵĲңҲǵˣһֱǿ壬ԶںֻҪ岻ģսǾǰȫġ




1581 ֮ؾ
ޱߣһЩδԭʼɽ֣ﲻҲǳе¡
ϲɽ֮УԳ仢ХǺһľɭŨա
һƬģһߴĽһƴѧԺ׺֮С
ǺԺĵԺռмɽѧԺķΧ֮ڣһǳء
ѧԺмڷ֮״ΰ׳
ѧԺһ޴Ĺ㳡ǧ˶ԵӵǵԺƽʱĳ
ʱ㳡ϾĵģһӰҲûУԵø⾲ס
ͻȻ㳡ϿѿҶһʮɮܺϲĴ£߳ڹ㳡ϡ
ɮ˱ѡеʮ˿ڵ֮ؾһ֮ûκε飬»ʳĴ̨Ǵ͵Ժˡ
뵽֮ؾҪڵԺеĴ̨ܽ룬Ҳž͵͵Ŀܡ
ɮܵĴ£ҶһԺĴ͵
һΰĽÿһʯ˺ϱô֣ڴ֮Уоտ
ڴ͵һ̨̨̨ͨδԺ޼
Щ̨УҶһ۱㿴֮ͨؾ̨
Ϊ̫ˣ̨Ҫܶ࣬кֵַܶĶӴ
ϲΪԺԺûʸ֮ؾģɮҲûʸ֮ؾһ
ЩһѧԺĵ̣ܱ˵֪ܱǽȥ
ԣϲڽ֮ͣеԺĸԺרͬ
ҶʮɮܵĴµ˴̨̨֮һą̂ϣ̨˶ȥ
ûʱģʱ·ֹͣˣҲ˺ܾãҲһ˲䣬ѿҶ˴߳
һ߳գҶ͸ܵƬصĲͬԪŨ˺ܶ࣬ҸԪҲܷ棬طҪһֹ
λſǣӭ֮ؾ
ɮЦ˼򵥽һйص֮ؾһЩ֪ʶ˾Ȳѡ
ԭ֮ؾǴģλɮȴû˵
ңռȻǴģȴǴۿģڴ֮ǰʹڵһƬռ䡣
λ۷֮Լչ֮һֱȥƬռ˵Ժ
۵ĲãƬռҲǳʥأܹ򵽴µĻϢ
֮ؾ·Ϊȱǵ۵Թд۵ļأͶԺ˵ľʾȵȡ
ƬеԱǳעģܹõԼ;ʾǴջ
ڶԪغռ󣬹Ϊ˸ֱ֣ӦԪأʿԽԪغнԪصıʺͷ
Ǵ˵һʱĲƸҲǵԺǿĵ֮һ
֮ǰÿԺ͵Ժ֮д裬ԺѹԺУԪغ󹦲û
ʿ˵ͨʿ˵Ԫصıʺͷͻżİ
ͬʱѾʿ˵ҲʵĲţԪطԽ࣬ʿʵԽǿȫǳȵġ
ԣԪغΪӰĵطܹһԪط߸һ̨ס
һԣͨʿ˵ÿʿֻܸһԪصķ򣬱ϾͨʱǾѾȷԼķ
Щ˵ҲһļܹԪط򣬲ûгֹֻϴڿԶѡ
һһƬдޣвĺֻѾˣһƲĲ۾£󷨿š
ʿҪ֪ͨػ󷨵ĵԺʦɵԺʦط󷨣޵۷ս
ȻЩǲܼǿˣֻΪһĹߣԺĵ֮á
ȻˣһޣڣֻҪӵ۷սҲͨʿܹսʤġ
Щ֮⣬ȻҲǲĲۺΪĹߡ
ۣ֮
֪Щ֮Ҷֻܸ̾۵Ĵֱʣһռ䣬ܹ滮˾ʥأҲֻд۲ˡ
λû¶κɫǿһλۣӵֶʵϡƽ
ۼ۵ϷˣȻִ˵ɣҲ¶˿֮ɫ
ӣ
Ҷ¶֮ɫĳһ䡣
ӣӣͬȴŰŰҶķ
㡭
߳ŭԸἰ飬ȴҶٴŭɶ
ˣ
ɮһϺȣһǻ飬ǹͬеĻ飬Ҳϣڿڧ鷢
ɮǿƸԤù뷢Ҳڣֻ㬵ĵҶһۣеɱǲεġ
Ҷ⣬ţÿһռ䶼Ժܼţɲܶɱ֡
֮ؾǳȻѾƬռˣҪɵ۵Ҫһʱ䡣
һ·ϣҶƬصɫǳӣɫУÿһɫռ̫ɫ֮ûκλ壬·Ӳһ
ҶΪ棬Ҫ֪һ˵ɫΪơ졢ڡ֡ȼ޵ɫм仹һЩɫȴһɫûУԵø졣
ЩɫҲûʲôؼǸɫӣÿһɫ·йɵһ㡣
ѵĳƣ
ҶһƬ֮ؾֵĻֱʿɾ̫ˡ
ٷһӣɽضڽ·ɿĺˣ紵죬˵ͷƮţԵƮɡ
ڵ֪˵֮ؾдŵ򻮷֮ÿ˶û˵ĬĬ˼Լһļƻ
Ϊʺʿʥأ֮ؾٶȱȻ죬˶ӦԼһص㡣
ҶȻҲ⣬ڵ֪Ԫغ֮̾ԪغиԪصıʺͷΪ׼
֮ǰԺʱѾͨˣȴʼղͻƵбԵʡ
֪ԪصķͻĹؼʱ̾ˣǷȱĲʵҲһǶԪطĸ
ֻҪܹԪطźܿԼͻƵˣһͻƵκһսûѹʵĹɣҲսʤ֮
ǰǵ۵ˣ֮ǰǿȹۿһµĸ;ʾֻкôûл
ɮܵҶҲˣǰƽϳһӵĽΰһŴʽ
һ£Ͳָˣʲôʦѯʺͽǻ֪ѧϰ
ڵ۵ǰɮܰһ±뿪ˣһ뷢԰׵Ͻʦ򿪵۵Ĵš
и;ʾǽںʯϣԼȥɣʲôĿңǲܽȥġ
뷢԰׵ϽʦҶʮ˽һµ۵е㲻˵һϱĿ


1582 ۵
֮ؾеĵ۵ǳΰߴʮ׸ߣһӷ·һ㣬֧ϵĽ
Ҷ֪ƾЩʯ޷֧ʮĴģȻиƣֻǿˡ
ʰϣ̤ɫʯߴĵǰһɲɣӵϢӭ˲һ𣬻ųʥȥ
Ҷһʮ̽۵ֻڵ۵һߴʯÿһʯΪӲĽҵ̶ɣӵƣɢµĲɣϢ
ÿһʯ϶һ۵ƽغǵĹȵȣʯ档
ҶָһϵĦų羴Щ۵Ϸˡ
͸Щϵ֣Ҷƺܹоػʮصĺ顣
Ҳڶ۵廳Упѡ
ÿһλ۶ܴﵽ۷壬ǵ·ߵ˾ͷȻ޵ھʮأȴҲįѩûˣûѣһֶûС
ѹÿһڳɵɵĵ·磬ʵѾûʲô׷ˣΨһĿǳɡ
ۣݺʮأһ˫ȭ磬ûʲôܹ赲ƽڰңѹ壬ɱ޾ķṦΰ
Ȼջǵֲʱʴؼ䣬ۼһųĵ塣
˻ʴۣ干ΪϣսһƽһκڰңȻҩȴֻһȻ޾ź
ǧɱۣɱ֤ѪƯ֣ʬɽȻд壬ȴĨɱ˺ܶࡣ
޿ɷϣɱ۵ȷǧһۣ飬׹ħˣͳû
УֻûκεͳνǧűȻƵۣȻд壬ȴ˿ˡ
ĵۣţ޸֮ͨʣӲǿνǲ龪ţ˶Ҳ֤ĵ·
ȻʱۣĴҲʷ֮У̩ĳ֣ĵ۴п¾ĶϾˡ
һʯһᱮÿһʷеĸ߷㣬ʷеһյյƣָźŬķ
ЩΪ˽׺ͽܳףҶипǧ
жξж֤ɵȻΪ干𣬵Ҳ縺Ÿӳصĸʹ
һʯҶһʯӸߴʯǰʯϼصĺȻǾ۵ĸ¼
ۣǾһۣҲ֤Ļ֤ɵ۵ģ¼ࡣ
һˣս֤֮ǰĶ־ͷǳǿһֱ¡
գۻ;飬֤Ļ֤ˡ
֤֮ȴûɱԼľ֣Ǹܶ˱׸л׷ңѡ
֤֮󣬾۸ɽʥأѹ壬սϴڡ
ƽڰңɱΪºպչһĻĻ׳ĳҶĳȡ
ڹۿ۵ƽصʱѪҺƺˣһͬԴظӦ
ۣǧδԼ壬һʯ׽Լǿˡ
Լɾ۵ĺˣֻһѪֶѣʲôʸ廳ۣ
Ҷĳȵʱһʱ˵Ա𣬹ĿһҲӡ
˵ʲô
Ҷսһӱŷȭͷ߬˫âݺݵĶŹɣŲһޱȡ
˵㲻ǸѪֶѣҪԼ۵ĺ䡣ǿӲĻش
ڹ⼤ŭҶҶƽۿҲջ񣬿νĿ

ҶŭɶɴԼսһǺʵˡ
һ̣Ҷŷ޾ɱ⣬һȥÿһս˵ķһ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ҶĽŲһشڿտĴл죬Ũҵɱ¶ȶȻ
ô붯ؾбȻбд̨ҪдһΣ
һ˿Ĺâ˵
ΪӣͬдоȻҶŰоʮֳ裬Ҷ־һСĴ
˿̣뼤ŭҶӶдһΡ
ȻˣԲٷӡԼľˣҪԾƽҶŰС
Ҷ֣侲
ħһ۾Ϳ˹ɵС̣ǰһҶȰ
һͣڱ˶ûʲôض˶ȴĺĳӣЧ
Ҷ˿ŭɱǣħһ֮һۣлл
ҶתǿѹеŭĵҲһʶͻ֮ŰŰ
𣿼ͻƵҲڶѣʲôҶʵ۾磿ѪɼĿҶ˵
Ҳˡ
ҶеŭѾѹǻع飬ĵŵ֤֮ǰѵҲǴѪǴӣ
ⷬݣ˵۲ֻӵдѪ˲֤Ҳһ
Թżÿһ۶νĴѪǴӣ˵Ҳһ֤ĻᣬȵӸ
㡭
ƿԣҪȴ֪ηĸ׹ŵ۵ȷǵѪȴƾԼŬԪӯϹʱ֤ˡ
ЩۣȻûһӵдѪģûдӣѵһĲܳλ
ɲţϹӡڣ֤Ψһϣ֤ĻŻʲô壿
Ȼ֮ǰǳдȴδ֤·һ㲻ӰͬȾ£ȻȫҶĶ֡
ҶⷬλŻҲ˳˼ȻԸϣȴһͷ
һ֮ѳۣƺǸ䣬˵ĻҶҲ֤ΪҲž۵Ѫ
޶˵ûܵʲôӰ죬ΪڲûŴ۵ѪȫƾԼŬߵһ
ǶҲ羴ÿһλ۶ֵ𾴵ģҲ⡣
ҶģΣҲı䲻Ѫֵʵ٣ҵͻƣͻ֮գһʶ֮Ĳ࣡˵
䶨ˣСһὫŰɹģݺݵ˵
죬ں˵ʲô죿Ҷһ仰ѹҭ
˼
ħ޼ɵĿЦҶ仰̫ˣռıˣȴ޷
޶̩ҲЦһĶŵҲ̲ס΢Цһиùŭ
֣ҵţͻ֮Сһ᳹׻ģ
ʵûٴȥˣһݻҴ߳˵۵




1583 ı̬
̼֮ҶҲڵ۵йۿǵĻˣǿн۵ӡʶ
ڽЩȫ֮Ҷ뿪ѰһطչأһҲȲˡ
Ҷ֣÷ϣ˵ͬƨˡħҶɫԣ߹Ȱ
ǰҶ֣һʶʲôҲֻһ㽾ˡ޶ҲΧ׷Ȱ
Ҷһû£Ƿİɣ۵ѾˣǶһͨҵøϽ׷ͱ̫ˡ
ޣ
ҲҪҪ
ޣȻޣ
λŻ֮⣬˷׷Ҷȳָ
ʲôЦ
ͨ۷ѾŰҲűˣҪͻƵĻǻ˵ã
Ҷ˵Ҳͷˣ̬ûʲô仯ܺʹһЦ
Ҷӣɣ
Ľ§ҶĲӣһȵ˵
ãЩǵǱ»ʯҲڸв֪ˡ
Ҷܾ˿Ľܵͣ߳˿֪Լסʲôطѯһ¿ŵλϽʦ
ɴǰҹգиʦרŸǵʳסе⣬ȥŰɡ
ϽʦƤû̧Ҷָһ֮˯һ˯ѵӡ
лл
ҶϽʦһָķȥ
֪ߺϵϽʦ΢е۾һâ󰵰һͷ
ܿ죬һŷǰҶλʦʮµӣһϮֲǳ͡
Ҷո֪ҵסʦһ¡ҶȾϹ󹧹˵
Щʦǳ𾴣ǹһ𾴣κһ̵κζҵ߶ֵ𾴡
ҶǰɣӦǽԺһİɣʦοĵͷʵ
ǣ
ɣ
ʦתһɽȥҶ
ܿ죬Ǳɽ£ֻɽµİɽһɽ֣Ѱ˸ϲȥ
⴦ɽһĶ⣬ڶϷǴʳãҪԶжѵģǲṩʯ
ʦҶһƬռÿطλúã뿪ˡ
Ҷڿնֱӷɽ˶֮УڶڷһССķģע֮ڣʱĹâʢ
ৣ
ĶڶûҶκ˶ݻģû߾ϵʵǾ޷ݻٵġ
һУҶ򵥴һԼһҪסĻֻ⡣
󣬽һʯһźһʯѣ򵥵Щ֡
Ҷ˵Ѿ㹻ˣΪΪܣԣϼһҲûʲô
ڳԺȣֻҪԴԴϵԪգûгԵͲ⡣
~
һҶϥϣʼԼαչأҪܲܳɹҪһ¡
ھ֮ҶֶڵԪȶŨƺһС͵ľԪһ
ҶϲѣڳʱԪأ
Լ״̬Ҷһ¯һ㣬ʢѪݷľ֮鲼ȫ̥һصۡ
濴Ҷ˿̾һȼŵϻһ㣬ɫĻ棬֮ŵľ
Ҷչصʱ򣬹ȴԪغиԪıʺͷ򣬴˿̵ȫ˸֮С
ȻûнҶʵԾһ˿
ͬ±ҶŰһĻĻץҲҪһسӣʲôӶûˡ

Ҷĵ֮ؾʱҲһˡ
־ԭ֮Ҷ̸̸ܷȡҡ
ȻûԺԺɮ̨ܱͨյ˵Ժ
֮Ҳϵ˵ԺһҶѾ˵֮ؾʼûܺҶһ档
һ̣־г˰ûڣͲôҶںˣҶǵûǿˡ
صң־㽫ʥټ˵ԼĴ㡣
ǵǲ׷ɱͻȻı̬ȣҲšɬҲ֪־ľǶԵģϧѾ̫ˡ
ôĸ׵ģһҲѾ֪ˣҪع飬ҪõСϵ½⣬Ѱʥͷҡĸ˹һ
ϵ飬Ҳзݣ±ǼùģһҪԲ˶ߣҲûкùӳԡ
֪ʼĩԵɣ־ôӵۺ޲һƽʥˣֻŬˡ
Ҷֱ֣־ãҶֲѪˣһϣ
ӽ쿪ʼҪת̬ȣöҶ񣬸ɱҷã־ջ¶˾ģֻһϣҲҪȡ
Ǹ棬Ѿˣߵʱ䣬ͰڤɱֳҶѾӦˣڤɱ֯ѾˣҲ֪ڤɱһͿ϶ɣڳҲѾˡʥ˵
㡭
־ú޲һ޺˵Ҳʲô취Ҫڤɱ֯׷ɱұ㣡




1584 ؾ
֮ؾĶУҶȫˣһδεĳһδεʧܣȴôҲؼһ
ʲô
ͨһγԼԼ֮ڣԼԪضԼƣֵ嶼ܿơ
ҶϳԣȴʧܣܾûǷȱһЩʲôǷȱʲôȴͷ

ھ˾ʮŴʧ֮Ҷˣǿн;ţͼγԼ
ৣ
ҶΧȻһƬãã򣬶ҶԼĿԿеһС
ҳɹˣ
ҶԺиոһͷȻըɫѪĽ

Ҷ춯صһҽУž·Ѿһ
ǣƶκһ˵ǱɣҶλҲˡ
ۣ֮꣬ЩһȻըʿҲס
֪˶ãҶɢʯеѪ⿪ʼ䶯ǳ
ʱѪ۳һţҶҲˡ
߽һӦġ
Ҷ̾Ϣ
ǣҪһͣʵȴݺݵĸһĽѵȻ޽ݾ
˲
ҶĬĬ˼仰Ѫʼʼ
һγɣԼܵ˼Ĵˣ飬Ҳܵص˺
ν͵ʴס
һ޸ֻҪ겻һξѪھܿٸԭ
γҶըǣҲܵ˼ĴˣָȻû֮ǰô졣
֪˶ãҶϣԵЩήҲ񣬲Ҳû˵Դ
һҶռУ֪ԼҪ׻ָ֮ǰ۷״̬Ҫʱ̫û̫ʱȥ˷ѣռлָõѡ
ԼȫҵóҶʯ͸ҩΧˣϵŨԪγһӣΧ档
濴Ҷ·һ޴Ӽ˸ϽɫĹâԪͨɺë׽ڣһ죬ڵ
ȻˣеĹУȫѨе̥ӰҲ˲٣޸֯
һḶ́Ҳ֪˶ãҶѪǳ۵һɲǣâ
ڻָ۷״̬Ծͨ۷壬ֻһɳ
Ȼ
ȴ׳ˣǱ̬ʣҲĺ˺εĻҲùҡ
ҿռԽʡʱ䣬һ£ûаҲѳ׸ԭ
Ҷһңһ߳ռ䡣
֪Լ߽һֻʵ㹻ܹԽҪԪıʺͷ
ʱȥԪغ󣬶ҪȥһԼʵͬʱĥһԼʵսļɺ
뵽ӣ
ȥڵķģҶվڶڣĿ֮ؾ󲿷۵ס
ǵ֮ؾ֮һռ㣬ǹŴ֮ν干ͬĲƸ
ݲƸȴԺ¢ˣǵԺĵӣ˸ûʸ
ǵԺĵӣرܳߵˡԵԺд׵Ҳѻչʸ
һΣΪ弴Ҫһǿ߶Կǿ壬ɮҲὫ⴦ؾš
Ҷٶȼ죬ת䣬Ѿˡ
д󱣻ûеõػĽʦ£κҲԴ롣
ǶҶڵ֮ؾĵӵһֱΪһƣ޻۷սȥδǶ֡
ƵĽʦʱ̹עеսһΣǿԿе޻ж֤˵ȫ
Ҷ⣬ֻһ뷢԰׵ɹ̫һϵƤ۾Ŀţûע⵽Ҷĵ
ǣͷҶȴװûпڿԡ
ҶɲЩֱǰȥǰȥһǰ

˷е飬һԾӣʹڶ䣬˵ʲô
ҶЦãϰӣ̫װˣϼһ̶ֳȣǹġ
ҶҲ⣬ٴνԼ˼˵һ飬̬Ծɷǳ
ȻԺԺ֮ìأȫģڴϣԺҲԲҶõԺץκһѱ
˵ʲôû壡
ͷԾһװͿӣǳ档
ϻ
Ҷһ䣬ķʽԼ˼ʶϰӾûװˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷ뷨֮üðɣͨѧԺˣֻиĻڣ𣿡
ҪȥȥģͷǰɡҶЦϰӣڹ
Ҫȥ߻Ƶ˫˲䣬
ţ
ðɣ
˫һӣһһ׼ķģӡУ˲һŻ
ȥڰ˸ŻڵˣΪ֮ɣ
˵꣬߱㲻ǼԼеƤ飬۾Ŀ
ҶǿеĲ죬һصͨС
һ룬Ҷ͸оһɲɣϢ·ʷĳһ㣬ļΪ𾪡
ԺȻǴֱʣƬռ㣬ƺبŴһ㣬µĺظС
˲ãҶͿԱ߳һƵĹţǳȶڹһŰ칫һԺĽʦתһëʣĿ
Ҷᣬ˵ǵڰ˸ŻǵһûҪʱ䡣
һ·ǰߣҶ֣ÿһŻǰһԺĽʦ򣬺Ǹ𼤻Ƶġ
ЩʦǷ׷¶Ŀ⣬ΪѿҶͨ۷ѣȻֱ֪ߵغ
ҶȻ֪Щôģ˿⣬ģЩ˱ݵġ
ͨУԶһţһɹܶͬʱ
ǰ뼤ơ
ڰ˸ǰҶһɽĵԺʦ˵
ڵ㡭
ɽɻĴҶһ£ԥ˵ȷҪڵ
ţ
Ҷͷ
ðɣȻӢ۳꣬еǣ
ɽ߹ϼƣӹд޵˻
ȥɣ
ɽһӣŴ򿪣ܹ龰
Ҷһֱӽ˲ʧվһƬưܵĴϡ
һƬƴɽУɭֻ֣ҶվĵطһƬѣǰʯѪݹһ
ŲƬУҶԼչޣԲʮڣκη紵ݶ
˲ʱҶ˫۶ȻһƬʯһǿĶ֡
ɣ
Ҷ˲ս׼Ѫڣսϯ˻ϣ˫ۼâ
𡭡
һһɫۼףͷǵǿߴʯ߳ÿһزʵ֮ǿ
ǡ
Ҷǿߵϣ˲жϳпԳɾԴĺʵǿ󣬷Ǿˡ
⣬ɽͨȤĹۿҶͷǿߡ
֪ҶţȻѡڵҪ֪ͨ۷ȻֻһС磬ȴǵ蹵Ĳࡣ
ʦҲΧ˹һֵӡ
Ƕǳػ⣬˵Ͳ֪Ҷֳ˶ķ粨ȻҲ֪ҶԿڵǿ߸ʮþȣð߬ġ
Сӹİֻͨ۷ľ磬ûǵȻҵڵŰ
һ֪ߵغСӰˣ
Ҹұ֤һʱ䣬ͻȣ
һȺ֮ؾеϽʦйעе龰΢Ц۵




1585 
УһƬǦɫ·Ҫһ˸еѹ֡
ɫĴϴݲʯϻһЩѺۣ֪֮ǰ˴ѵĻô¡
𣡡
ǿȻʵڵ۷壬ϾֻһƲɣƵļ£Ȼָ۷սԴȴ⡣
˿̣ǿһƵֱչֳԼǿʵչһӽҶ֮ڡ
ˣСӲ֪ߵغԵ֮ڣɣпΣգ콫ˡ
һۿϽʦһɽ߼ʱ֡
޷СܳΪһʮ֮һ϶й֮ȿ˵
ɽĿתĶеһУ˵
ϽʦȻżϾǸ𣬶еǿߣǻֻԹߡ
ҶԼ֮ںŭһһ˫˲צЮ֮ݺҶؿץȥ
ԴУԼǳţκ˻ֻҪ֮ڣֻڲˡ
Ȼû뵽Ҷ˵ûʲôãȻûûԼ򣬵ȴܹڱ˵ȥɡ
ҶȴûжܣѡӲϽɫȭͷâţһ֮Ϣݺ̵˫צȥ
飡
ҶȭͷԵ˫צݺײһ˫ȭһ٣֮Сһȭͷߡ
໡
Բҽһܹ˺ѽ糤ָ׸ҶϣȻûѪȴܹóһײԳԿˡ
ţСʲô̥ȻеԻҪǿᣬֱ˼顣
ۿļλϽʦʱɵˣһԾѵĿеҶ
𣿡
ϽʦԺͬʱֳһ⡣
ǿʵ̫ˣҪ֪壬ԵҲǷǳǿġ
ȻҶһȣֱСӺ׳֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ôһ£ûĽʦҲ׷׸˹
һʱ䣬Ҷڵַǳ
ϽʦǶ뿴Ҷֶܹá
ȻϣҶʤԣһΪԴ⣬֮²űҶ˸ֲ
һعζȻҶ׻ɱҶȻǿûдﵽ֮ǰҲԲԶֵġ
壬ͬȾ£ʿ֣οҶԵһ磿
ȻԲһƲɵģԴ̫⣬սܺ׵ıܻǴڵġ
ֻսıܣҶҲԼֲ˶ãǳ顣
ȻڵĶԿУ·̱֮ʶǰϱҪǿܺս
սͲս
Ҷһе֣չ˿籩ǿһ˫ȭԵϡ
һĻɽȫ꿴ˣ
벻Ե֮ڣҶȻ˿Ӱ죬ӲǽԴֻм֮ûл֮
ô£
ɽסˣʹ˫ۣôҲţڵԾȻȫҶһͨ۷ʿѹŴ
飡
飡
飡

Ҷɱ𣬲ԾȭͷһصۣһصϢɢ
Դһ˫־Ĺâϵˣоǰʿܹв
ܣܵ𣿡
Ҷ˫âųɱ⣬һȭԵؿڻȥ
𣡡
˫۽棬ǰӲҶɱһȭһӱɳȥصڵϡ
˿̣Ե˫һƬѪģƬױˣ¶ı۹ǣȥҡ
һĻۿɽ˳ɵˣ
ԿڵǿߣƵ֧£Ѿָ۷սȻǱҶˡ
Ǹ̬һʦԾ˵
̬̫̬ˣ۷ʿˡ
һе
һĻϽʦ۷׷ף𾪲ѡ
ʣԼҶͬȾĻһ㣬̫ˡ
ҶɲôģҪǣ콫ԻɱΪоΧΣڱƽ
໺𡭡
Ի죬һɫˣ淢ʹ
Ҷ˫صĿŨٶ㿪ˣЩɫж
Ƭ̣ɢȥԭڵĵطһʮɳԣԻ˱塣
һͨڱƲѵʱ򣬿Գдսǿѹ֡
ԳҲ
Ҷ˫۷ĹâϷйâһ׵ǹС
һ֮׵ǹƣʱɫĻ𻨣Ŀ
ǡ
ߵ׵ǹ
ԣƷӦǷƷŶԡ
Ҷжһǹɽٴһ
ǶǼʶϼһȻû׵ǹǶ׵ǹӻ֪ġ
˿̣Ҷеĳǹ֮Ȼ̾뵽ǰѴ˵еױ
׵ǹ׼۱ֻһܹӦأ̥ǣĵ۱ˣҶܵõ
ǷƷҲǳһƲƼ֮ӵ۷ʵĴڣµľؼΪ͵֮
ɱ
Ҷһȣ׵ǹʩչ߱ǹеƽ£ǹâԵԴ档
໺𡭡
һβ͵תݺҶȥͬʱſһʸһҶȥ
Ȼ챾Դȴ챾ԴƵĵطɱ
ƴˣ
ɽͷ˵⴦Ȼ֪еʵǿ
죡
Ҷһȣɫ£׵ǹǧǹâһ֮һǹС
챾߱ǹǿɱУмܣԽļһȻмܲסˡ
꣡
׵ǹ羪쳤һ㣬Ю־Բ˼ĽǶȶԵԴݺݽڵϡ
໺𡭡
һʱ͸ϵ޴ӲϷڣسһ϶
ʵ㣡
Ҷһĳһ޴ĺɫͻأĳֱ֣ӰסԵβͣá
Сһ͵һͿ
һʦĿ˵
ɽϽʦǵͷϣҶ̫ˣԿ壬еٮٮߣʵǿ
Ȼ
ҶУȴֱӱɱˣڵ龰ԵѾעˣֻʱѡ
һӺԳײˣɫɢڿУһƲߡ
ǳɽֶΣҪ֤ԵһƲҶĨȥĻһǿĥʯ
ɣȻ൱ڵʵԸǿһϽʦɽ
ѾˣϾͻ֣
ɽ˫˸ڴĹâҵҪСӵļ




1586 
˿̣Ҷ֪ԼѾһȺϼһǸˡ
֪Ҳ⣬ĥԼģԽǿԽãҲ˿塣
ɱ֮Ҷԭأһ˹ָ֮ǰģһ֮ܽǰսеһЩʧ
ڼ䣬˿ûзɶΧļӣʱҲʱ̾ΧһС
֪е塢޻ﶼһƲƼ֮Żָ۷ս
˿Ҵ⣬κһֵĶֶǿߣɲд
֮ҪĥԼҪҪһΪԼͻ׼
ء
Ҷջָʵʱ򣬷дһްţһ׵ޱĴԶ˹˵ֱһĵط

Ҷ˲ӦıʣȻǺ嫵һ˫ɫ鷺Ĺâ
ৣ
ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣҶʧԭأʮ֮⣬һصĿ
䣡
һ죬Ҷԭĵطһʮ׵Ĵӣʮɣʯͷڵˡ
˻
ҶһʵȻֲȻڴ۵Ŀ£ʵ൱ڣֶȴ˾㤡
СôӦԣ
ɽźЦ
ǸģȻ֪Ĺ֮˵ͨСʿˣͬڵǿȻĶҲԸ
ǲЩϹأ
һϽʦЦţ˿ΪҶƽ
ȻϹˣԼģǲҪѡ
һ
һȺϲ²ĹۿҶǿҶԲĶ֡
УҶվʮ⣬۾൱ʵ
ӽһɵȥ࣬īɫۼףһҰɫͷ裬һ˫ֱȻ󣬺ɫָһ߳ļµĹ⡣
һǸѲĽɫ治֪ôɱġ
ҶûϾΪ֪Ǵ۳ֵĻ˵ǻɱһ൱ڵʵ׼Ҳûκ
ܿ죬ٴηƣûκ˼άȫƾսܻһС
˼άУֻɱ¾ûκζԣɱ¾ıܡ
ΪҺ۸ô
ҶһХ̧־һӶһһȥƷǳƴ
⡭
ǵʦеֶΰ
СӾȻõ˵ʦĴУѹôǿ
ɽ˶ʱĿɿڴû뵽ҶȻ֣ǿȵĹܹвڵǿߡ
СϺһжٵƣ
ļ޾
һȺͷ۷׷׵ʱҶ֮ĴսҲչˡ
ʯɣղؿѣҶɢϽɫâһС͵̫һ㡣
ŻɫÿһγֶҶƵòò˶ܡ
һηĶֶκ˵جΣҶҲ⣬ķӣҶš
СҳԾйȥˣûܽ¡ɽӲɳ
ǺðǿѪʢҲܽˡ
֮żǿ˺ֻûʶѣʤûˡ
ʱϽʦ˶Ҷ֮ģοЦˡ
ǿ֣߳һܴ壬һսĴ
䡭
ҶԺ֮߰󣬸ԷɿȻֻ֪ɱ¾Ҳкµıܴڡ
Ҷڴսţ±ϢʴˣҲͬ±Ҷ֮˺ˡ
Ҷ໥ɵ͵˴ǣͷ¡
޾Զľ룬Ҷ໥ŶԷ
˵ҶԲĶ֣̫ˣҶȴһֽһ㣬Ϊɵ
𣡡
֪ԽȥԼԽҪ콫ǰС˺Ƭ
һֱҶ˹ȥһ˫צһ㣬һڹ⣬ռ䶼˺ˡ
ȭ
Ҷһȣȭʩչٱټ֮ĸһȭ·ܴһһ㣬˫צײһ
꣡
˫ֳױϣŤţѾˡ
ҶҲǳ𾪣Ҳ൱̣ȻܹӲסԼһȭûб׻ˡ
໡
ȻûʲộȫƾսȴʹлǺеġ

Ҷս£ſˣԼ֮ʹ֮ÿǻʲô
֪ʵʹ֮໥Ƶģ֮ԿҲܹͬƴ֮
֮㿪ʼһ浹ˣκβҶҶ֮ʹ֮ȴż˺
ҺﲻһƲѣ֪ܣֻ֪ͣƴҶҪɱ治һ׵¡
һ֮Ҷڵ֮ȫȭͷγһ֮֯ɵ
ֻȭ
Ҷһ߿Цһߺݺؿڻȥ
飡
ڶΣյĸ֪ѡ˺ҶӲƴһǣ޴ȭͷҶԴ󣬺ݺݺҶȭͷײһ
ž
˵ȭͷײһҶдһǰƣĿ絶һĴ򷨣֮ȭͷϵ֮ײһ𣬱졣
໡
ȭڣȻҶ֮ˣһ춯صĲҺ
ɣ
ҶǸƲ磬ץסǧѷĺûᣬ﷢ܹ
ĺŽѾ죬Ҷȭȭĸչⲫսӻɫ
һĻɽȵԺĽʦһױһѣ
ʲôǿﰡôһ㶼ں
̫ˣ
ֻܷĸ̾ﹲͬĵˣҲĵˡ
кڰҼйأǳѶԸʵǸһҲҪһֽŲп֮ܽɱ
Ҷͨ۷ѣûǵȻܹѹ򣬼ֱǸ漣
Сӽ϶ĴСһȽϿ͹۵ϽʦԵ
飡
ڴս߰ʮغ֮Ҷ׼ᣬ˾ɱһȭ񱩵֮صۻһһȭԴұˡ
ȻĽɱˣֱ˼顣
ļ޵
ﳹʧ֮ɽ˳ױˣһȫʯˣͲ֪ôӦֻǿв૵˵Ų˼飬ŵĻ




1587 ɵ
ҶԽնɱִпĵԺʦǶˡ
ûǽȥĻַӾܽɢˡ
ǣǵľԶЩҶľȴͣˡ
СӣֱǸ̥
ǲòĸп޹ֺܹڶྫӢ֮ӱȻǳɹǽҡ
˭Ǹ̥
һȺϽʦ𾪲ѵʱһ޳ĹɰĴͨ߹
ҲģȴԼȻûˣ˶ڵڰ˺һֵӣɵһ
һҶСӣȻܹͨ۷ľ磬Խնɱһֱ˼顣ɽ˵
ʶɣȴϸܵǿϢִ۵ķɣ֪Ȼλ֮һ
Ҷ
ɵ˫۶ʱâԭΪչˣû뵽ȻĥԼ
Щʦϻûʾ֮ɫУѿҶղŴǶ𾪡
ô£ȥչ𣿡ɽѯʵ
ûã
ɽź˵СǸ̶̥һʱȻɱһڵǿߺһ൱ڵǰ;
˵ţɽ㽫Ҷ֮ǰı˵һ飬ǼԼļ䣬ҲΪҫϾ
Ӳˡ
ڵ֪Ҷս֮󣬹ӿ޵ɱˣҶ׷ϲԽ
ΪӣǱһͨ˳ԽĻǾ̫ˣ鷢
üͷһ壬ɺܿ뵽˰취ЦҲģֵ飬λǰΪΣ
ײף
ɽҡͷͨ۷壬ڵУһڵĸŴʲô֣

һ㶣һ˿Ĺâ漴ЦǷˣҵڵɣ
֣ڽŰ˺ŵߺڵȻͬȴа취ߺ絽˺ȥ
ðɣ׼һ£ȥ
ɽһ£һ߱ͷߺ
һУǸֳһŵЦݣͣ˫ֻʩչŵѿǣĸ֪
˿̣翴һֱڵУʵѾ˵۱𶦣Ҷڵȥ
ǹŵԼĵ۱ɲɣСģμԺʦĸ֪
˭Ҳû뵽ɾȻðôķףȥɱҶ
ΪÿǶģΪ˷ֹΪߵĵĹпɱΪ͵ĵӣŲпĹ
۴κһ絽һ֮˽ܵҪμ
ΪٸߣļҲʵһԼá
ٴĳޣҲѡȥɱ֣Ϊ׻ᱻԼĶֻɱ
ļɲģĿߵʵҶĹͷԼá
ԭ򣬵Ժнʦû뵽ɻð֮踵ĿȥҶ鷳
Ҳû뵽ɾȻõ۱Щ򻯽ˣǿҲϼ
ڵУҶһߵɽϱĿһ޸ղŴսʱĵһܽ͸һսеĸϸں͵ʧ
Ҷɵһϰߣκʱڴս֮󶼻ܽһµʧ

ࡢȻϺ˷ǳƣȴһϢͷ·һ
֮֮ÿǣ⣬Ԫͨͬźǿá
޾ԣϣƽȵģͬһ
ֻ൱а񣬱а͹ΪܣΪܡ
ţ
ҶܽһսĳɰܵʧʱͻȻоһɵΣϢ
ȻϸӦȴʲôҲûз֣·ղžһþѣûκΣϢһ
̫˰ɣ
Ҷҽ⳰
û˵꣬Ҷ̸ӦһϤϢԼ߽ӽܹӦԷѾԼǶҲ㲻
һ˲䣬ҶüͷѾϢжϳǹżҵӹɡ
ȻƬ̼䣬һڵԶĵƽϳ֣ǵԼ߷
Ҷ֣ΪҾҲ𣿡
ڵҶǰǴڵĹɣ˿̵һβסɱ⡣
⣡
ҶһȻ֪ΪʲôģģΪеԺĽʦʱ̹עţŹɲóȻ֡
ʲô˼
ҶվȻ֪ǹɵĶ֣Ҫһ
·
˿Ҷ̬ȣΪţҶѾȫûбҪڱܻʲôˡ
ˣ
Ҷİյ˹ɵ̬ôȲҪɱԼ޷ǾԼͻ֮в
һӣһͨʿԵ;зɳɹ˾Ͷˣŵ۵ˣԲǹԸ⿴ġ
£һ£ֻǲԸϼɳȥˣôɳҲҽϵ·һ̤ʯѣЦ
顣
ҶһЦȴڰп࣬ɳôˣΪʲôЩԺʦûκαʾ
ѵ
뵽ֲĵطҶжʱһ£ֱڣЩʦԾûκζǾֻֿܡ
һԺЩʦǺ͹ɴͨҪɱԼֻǵԺԶڹѣڽ赶ɱˡ
ڶĳܹĸ֪ЩʦûзеѾ˱仯
Ϊ͹սûκϣӵйŵֱϵѪĹɿɲһʿ
ɣ㻹ǹŵӣֱӵֶԸңֱǶŵ۵ˣ뵽˴Ҷ̼
ˣǵ֮ؾҰĵطеԺľǿأԶ֣ȻᱻͷģɮԺҲΪġ

쳤ЦЦϣΪЩûпǵ𣿼ȻҸа취Ƿ﷢һС
ҶС֣ձ꣬׼𣿡
ЦȻʧܽס
ɱˣܸΪʲô𣿡ҶԾʱ䡣
ӸղŹɵĻѾ֪ɿ϶ĳһУ˿̾ûãֻܾʱ䡣
С֣Ŵðңðżң㣿ˣԭѾ֪ˣĵȥɣ
˵ţͷâһһ𶦳֣ɢŹ׾Ϣ


1588 ۱ս
⣬ɽ˻֪Ѿ˾䣬ǻڹעеһС
ڹɽУʦƲѣΪ֣Դӽ֮Ȼûжһֱϥ
еǿھߵʱȻûж֣һĻʦƲѣ֪ʲô¡
ʵϣǲǹµһӰѣûκսͲᱻЩƼĲγɵǿǷ֡
ɽҲͬƲѣ֪ʲô
Ҳ벻Ҷ͹Ѳˣ˿ѾһδĿռ֮С
ʱص˵һ仰֮󣬹ɼ˵۱𶦣ֱӴ߶𶦣˺˿ռ䣬ҶһЮһƬռ֮С
⴦ռ֮⣬кܶδĿռ䣬Щռ˭Ҳ֪ʲôӵġ
ڿռ֮һƬռʱͿռγһƬʰ쵵ռ䡣
ȻĿռͨ˵ȴģɫʰ쵵Ķã֪ʱ仹ǿռ

ɿЦô˵˰ɣռ䣬Ҳ˼ѣû˻ֵᷢģͰĵȥɣ
˵䣬ֱӴ߶۱Ҷһֲɱ⣬Ҫ̵ʱڽɶϡ
ռУҲֲ˶ãҪսپУһ˷֣϶鷳ġ
ӣ
ɱ⼤ʱҶпЦѣȻǿûԸܹͽӲ۱ĳ̶ȡ
ǧһ֮ʣϸӦҶ˼Σգ˲ڳͷâεرС
ﬣ
һ죬һ£ȴûбƣϾɻû۱ȫӳ
ڣ
һ飬Ȼʶ֪һλۣ۵ĵ۱ɵһƬȡ
ɱҶ۱ˣʱżӵ۱ϵ£˭ҿ⣿ǵԺԺĳȻҲø׳Ƴ
Ȼ
ͷתڹâһϳҶǰ
˿̵ɫЩ԰ףȥ񳽡ֻҶ֪ˣǾڵѡ
ɣ̫˰ɣ
ϵɺȵ
ৣ
ɵɫˢһ±òҰޱȣԼҵ۱ûг֣Ҷĵ۱ȴˣ鷳ˡ
Ǻǡ֣һҲ֣
һİһµߣҪһЩɢſµϢ
һ֣϶ʱֳŵЦݣ飬ͬУұϿǿ
οգ
̾˿֪Ʊˣ𶦵֣˼񶾵ĹɣҶ׶༪ˡ
ǰοգ
𶦵Ҳһڵ٩Ѿơ
۵۱ǿ󣬾ڲΪһѹڰҵĵ۱սУܴأ˿̻ԶԶûлָ۷ʵ
ȴģȫܹսʤϡ
ʵҶԶλӡڵĵӵĶ֣
һսҶȷ׶༪٣
֣Ǻ⣿üʵ
ûʲô˼ȻҪսȻҪֳʤŶԣҾã㻹Ͷˣ㲻ҵĶ֡
൱ԸҲԸıǮ
֣ѾĶ֮ϣԴΪأҪνڶͽȻˡ
Ҫ֪弴ȻȨ⣬ҲģǶĲΡϿĵȰ

𶦵۱ЦǶĹס
ʲô˼Ԥе˲üʵ
˼ܼ򵥣ǣ㣬׳Լ𶦳Խ۱ļޣΪڣǶĹף
ʲʲô
Ҷ͹ȫסˣҶû뵽ŵ۵ĵ۱Ȼ˵޳ܣ˵һ
û뵽𶦵龹ȻҰģҪһ۱ɲġ
Ҫ֪ÿһ۱Ƕһ޶ģһλսʮأνǿ鱦ˡ
ÿһ۱ɽɣҪ̸ף
ӣƺϣɹ
һ̣һƬȣ𶦶ôǿϾԼıԽǿ󣬶ԹżԽ
ȻԺ֤λҲ˭ҶһӵгԽ۱ǿ֣߳Űʲô
Ѿħˣ
ϵɫҲ𶦵۱˵
νʲôħֻҪܹԼǿûʲôǲġν˵
ɫһɫһ֣𶦳Уֱϼһ⡣
Ϊǿ𶦵۱ǳǿƣҪɵϣ׳
ৣ
ֻñӦսڴҶͷȡУͬһ⣬𶦼Ĺâײһ𣬱
ĲԸ͹ŵ۵𶦵۱սڿѾǱ޿ɱܣֻӦսˣͲܰȫıҲ뿪
䣡
۱ײģԲ֮ڣʲô£
Ϻ𶦵ͬʱֳһҶ͹ˣεײѾҷˡ
ռȥһսɣ
֪ԼڻҶ±ɣҷһֻ鵽ռȥսӰҶˡ
ˬıӦˣϾǹŵ۵ӣҰٴҲùɵڲˡ
ܿ죬ϴžرʧƬռ
ţ𶦵Ҳ׷ȥͬʱʧ۱ڿռչս
һսûκιڣȴ۱һսʤϣȻὫɡ
˿̣⻹֪ʲôأֻǾҶ͹˶ˡ
ڸʲôǱչصĶôʼչ
ɽߺԺĽʦǲץͷȴ˭Ҳ֪ʲô¡
Ҳ벻Ҷ͹Ѳˣڿռ֮С
ҪҪԺʲô£һʦ
˰ɣûʲôȫȻбչأǾɵȥɣҵҪֶܼáɽź˵
Լĺ൱ϧźЦеģ·ûʲôסһ
֪Ҷˣ˶Ѿ˵ĻҲڳֺ顣
˭ҲûǰۣҲû취飬˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչ̶ֳȡ
ռУ
۱֮󣬹ɱ¶ЦݣҶС֣ɣգļգ




1589 ׶༪
൱ţٲȻѽҶ˰ϵ⣬׸
ûе۱ռУԿɽҶɱ
ֻҪҶɱ˲Ҳûϵţ˭ҲΪһССҶǹżԡ
ǹŵӣѪ˫ȴͬдбҶŰݳ裬ҶնɱȥҶΪħ
Ҷɫû뵽ΪŵӵĹɿȻ޳ܣͬȾ²Լ֣ȻԾʵɱԼ
֪Լ׶༪ˣΪɲھϱԼ߳С磬Ѫ֮˫
ΪӣԶʱһֱӡڣԵõ˹ŵ۵ָ㡣
һ൱Ҫһλָ㣬Ƕ˶ģϴ۱Ͳܹ࣬õָĸëǡ
һҶǴֹˣȻΪӣȴûеõ۵ָ㡣
Ϊÿλ۶ԼҪ߳һ޵е·ͱҪԼأܵκ˵Ӱ죬ǴҲС
Ϊùɽܹ˳֤ͨ·ճɣŵ۴СͶϿҪ
ʱڱ͸ӰսһδǻԵޱȵԸ
Ըȴǳƫխ۸ڶĿһУΪ˴֮⣬ʿϡ
˿̣ɻɢֲɱ⣬һȭҶȥȭͷһصۣܴš
ǿռڸǳɱ⣬䣬Ҷʱǿһûκһ
ҶëȻɴ޴ѹ·һʥһ㣬ƵòȫԸ
ɱ
һ̣Ҷκαصۺ֮ȭͷϣݺɵȭͷӭȥ
ȭţǾھ۵Ĺ似֮󣬱辶һȭ˫
ȻȭٺãҲҪʵûоԵʵκǿ似޷ӳ
䣡
˵ȭͷС̫һ㣬ĿĹâݺݵײһ𣬱貵Ĺâ

ҶһҽУȭͷըѪĽɣһֱ·磬㶯˵Ҳ޼¡
ৣ
ǧһ֮ʣҶչ׷ǲһ⣬ɲǼԶݣĿԶû׷Ĺɡ
û뵽㻹ʵȻ˵ң
ޱ˵µȭͷѪһεεĵԱˡ
ž
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һֱԸҩû뵽ȻǱˣĺܺ棬㾿ôģ
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ûҪ㣬Ҳ𾪣ǿȳҵԤϡҶ˵
˵˵һģΪ֮һоҲûҵĶˡ
ҡͷ˫ۼâ콣һҶɨȥ
𡭡
Ҷһһ챾Դ챾Դ콣ˡ
Ҫνˣ㲻ҵĶ֣
൱ţͥŲһ㣬һسɴ磬ȻҶǰʮɴһȭ
ৣ
Ҷʩչ׷ǲɲǼܿˣ˫ֻһصĺۼһɹӵϢһ΢͵ĴɽС
򣡡
ҶһɽֱӽɽӴӡʯͷȥ
ˣ
âһɽӴӡڿͶһƬӰЮſֲѹ¡
С
΢΢Ц˫ֺݺݲɽӴӡУӲɽɽӴӡ˺ˡ
䣡
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óȫʵɣûκλġ
һʥһ㣬Ҷ˵
Ҷ˫䣬֪Լ׶༪ˣû뵽ɾȻԼЮ˿ռУ£νǽн첻Ӧеصز顣
ѰҲ޷ʩչ費κεֻƾԼʵӲˡ
뵽Ҷһ̧ɱɢĳһ޴ĺɫڹͷͻأ֣ݺݵȥ
һףѾˣ
ɴһһȭͷȥֱӽɫƻһ󶴡
飡
ɫҲ޷֧ţȻը񱩵һ뼷ѹȥ⴦ռ䶼ò
ɴһɢ⣬Щ񱩵ȫ赲棬˿˲ֺ
ҸˣûаסǾ͹ֲˡ
һ䣬һȭҶؿڻȥ
ƴˣ
ҶһҧŶܲƬĻļԻͬһȭɵͷ­ȥȫһļơ
飡
һȭҶӶˣѪƬռУԵøҡ
ͬʱҶҲһϽɫȭͷ˹ɰͷ­ѪԽ
صƣһʿˣʵôǿͷ­飬Ӷʧ˵Ҳɡ
ѪȵһĻûκιڣ˭Ҳ֪δռУҶ͹˱ǿײ
⣬ɽߵһڽʦѾЩͷˣҶ͹ϥȻûκǿ߻﹥ǣǰ˼⡣
ô£
׷ʲô
ǸҶСӸղŻɱأôҲˣ
һȺԺĽʦ۷׷ף˽ȥѰǣʲô¡
ȴûȥΪӰ쵽ˣȻû޹ǣٱĿǰǰȫġ
ôòףϱɣøԺô
һϽʦվĸԺ棬øԺϡ

ռУҶת޸İӣѪۡ
Ҳʩչŵİͷ­ɲǼ临ԭ·ûܹһ
ʿʲô
˶޸ԼʿĿࡣ
ҵѪӲ
һƵҶȥҵâ쵶һ㣬صۡ
Ҷп࣬ûпܵסɱһ֮£ֻýļ׼
ˣ
ļ׹âţɢӴϢҶǰӲ˹һ
飡
ԹŶܲƬĻļϸֳһϵ·ȻһӲ
ۣ
Ҷȴ˳ȥſһɫѪѪ·췴һ̥þһ¡
ǡ
һ飬û뵽Ҷ۵Ļļ׾ȻֵܵԼɱȫһֱ˼顣
ңǻļϵĹ·Щ죬ƺʲôطʲôһʱҲ벻
Ҷ𾪣ͨһȫ˽˹ɵʵﵽڵȷԼǿ̫ˣ˸һϣ




1590 ƴһս
ҶԹŶܲƬĻļӲ˹ɱɱһ𾪲ѣͬʱ϶ŶܲƬǺö
˵Զ䣬Ŷȫ⿪ӡֵܹ۵ȫһ䲻
ԭҶЩţȫˣⲻһƬŶܲƬѣֵܹŵӵȫһôĹŶֵܹȫһҲпܵġ
ȻйŶܲƬһҶԾܵˣһʵ̫ǿˡ
ͬʱҲǳ𾪣ղŵһƵȫΪܹҶģȴû뵽Ȼһ۵Ļļ׸ˡ
Ҫƴˣ
Ҷаݣ֪ԼóǿʵĻֲ˶ãɥڴˡ
ƬռиûԪ޷ڴսв˵Ϊġ
ҶɴսƴΪӵʮѨе̥ӰЩ̥Ӱ
˵Ҷͬʿĵƣ򲻵ѵʱá
˿ʵĻǸԼСȥ̫ǿˣҪȫԸС
뵽ҶһƺȼԼս˵ʶΣ
ȼҲûãԾɲҵĶ֡һм
򣡡
Ҷһȣ깲һӺֱӹ˵ꡣ
ߣ
һ·һһ㣬깲κβ
Ҫͽ͵ˣ
ɴһҶȥٸԷκλˡ
ϾռΣ̫Ҳܳʱռ棬ԱҪҶ
ɱ
Ҷڷȭɹɱȥ֪ҪӳռǲܵģֻȻɱ˹ɡ
Ҫһ̸ף
Ǿ绹ʵɶǿ̫ˣȼҲƥйɡ
Ѿû·ܹսܹżҵĵ۱𶦡⼸ǲܵģ
أżҵ𶦼ûôܵ˺ȻҶŬ£Ѿ޸˲٣𶦵Ķ֡
˿̣ǲ֪ƬռʲôطսѾƬռ䣬֪ܵȥˡ
Ͼ۱֮սĹģһײͷǳֲǵĹɺҶ˵İΣ𶦸Ͳս
䣡
Ҷ͹˵ȭͷٴײһ𣬱ĿĹâռˡ
꣡
Ҷȭͷٴα飬۹Ƕˣ۰Ĵ
ۡ
ģҶٴαɳȥȳһ̯Ѫ
ײܵ˺أȼ£򾳽̫ԣԾɲǹɵĶ֡

ɿЦһɨ֮ǰƣʵ֤ԼҶǿ̫ˡ
֮ǰʳͬս̨ʱҶƺʩչǹɱɢֵĻҲŰԲᱻŰôҡ
Ϊŵӣɵõ˹ŵ۵ȫУ似ǿᣬ
ûʩչؾͽҶƵòòƴһʩչţҶɡ
ýˣ
ɲٵȥˣȻԼҵ۱ǳģҲκ⡣
ʩչԼ߷Բ֮ڣȫƿ֮ڣ֮У˵ǾԵףһĴڡ
Ȼ֪ҶܹƿΪҶܹƿԼҲȻ
һͨϣжӻģ
ɾãֻҪҶԼ֮У̵ܹʱڽҶɱ
֮ǰÿһζ϶ܹɱ֣Լǳš
ৣ
չ򣬿Ҷȥ˫˸Ų̵Ĺâһɱɱһ㡣
Ҷޱȣ֪һζĶûãҪܹɲУȻû˿ϣһԡ
ûе۱ıҲǿڿռҲ޷õ棬Ҫսپ
뵽Ҷɵȥ׷ǲʩչޣһ⡣
飡
ҶһȭޱȣݺݻڹɵϣһӽӶˡ
ҶұҲٴα鿪ɵҪǿһߣѪĴǺѻ˶ֵġ
ǳҵԤϰ
վԭأչϵѪۿɱٶȿٸԭš
ҶҲͬתϴ֮޸ըֱۣ˿˵˭Ҳûռˡ
㵹ûгҵԤϣ
Ҷԣķ̵㻹ǹŵӣŵ۵㶪ˣͬд㲻ҵĶ֣ȻʩչĵֶΣ㲻𣿡
죿Ǻǡ
Цܿܣռ䣬ѾǸˣֻҪˣ˭֪﷢ʲô
㡭
Ҷһ֪ҪɱˣֻףôԼġ
⣬Լ͹ѾصʧˣԺЩ߲ǾȻûз𣿻Ǹûҵ
ԺȻûе۱ȴӵкü׼۱ƿռӦòѲŶԡ
ڲҶЩʱΪѾٴɱ˹ÿһлص
ռ䣬źܶʱͿռ֣ͱñˡ

Ҷ𣬺ڷ𣬻ɫĻ棬·ȼŵλһ㡣
䣡
ҶȼԼȻ깲޷κιɣֻչֳԼǿĵˡ
һ˲䣬ҶٴαǣѾ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬Ͻɫ̥Իһһ㸩硣
ء
ߣŲ֫ϱ۵ͽ˸ǿߣϢͬʱƵȥ
û뵽㾹ȻصôǿҲ
ҶչֳǿʵҲˣû뵽ҶȻɱﵡ
Ļһ˿¾ͻᱻɱΪ˿̵Ҷʵ̫ǿˣȫնɱǿߵʵ
ȻˣͨʿĴǲܱȵġ
䣡
ҲȼսԾѹҶһͷЦȼҲԣ
Ȼ˵ɻǸеˬԼȻҶһԼΪϵСʿƵȼ˵һֳ衣
ɣ
ٴγ֣ŵ۴似㲻ҶƵˣƬ̼㽫Ҷش

ɫֶչҪҶɱһһոҶıԴ
һҶľԴɣǴҲȲ
ৣ
ҶѵʩչԡɲǼԶǧԶһأоԼҪˡ
޸ɣ޸ƣıԴܹ֧Ŷã޸һҾɱһΣֱ޷޸Ϊֹ
һЦɱʮ㡣
һ̣Լ޵е̬־ֱһĴ٣սʤ




1591 
˿̣ɷ·۸һ㣬ûнҶϡ
Ծһ˿һ˿ҶͬȾŰŰ޵֮ˡ
Ҫ֪ܹ֮ҶƵ龰ܴһԭΪڵʵ
е˵ζΪӣȴͬȾ޵Уľ
ǿнһ˿ˣֻҪɱҶͬ޵еġ
ţҶ̬֮⣬κͬҲԲԼĶ֣˻ʴ۵Ӻ»ʴ۵Ҳ⡣
~
޸Ҷȼ״̬˳һ˫ᶨĹâ
ʿԽԽѣÿһС綼ǵ蹵һ㣬޷ԽзǼ
ҶȴһĴ󾳽磬ΪŵӵĹɱƵ̶ֳȣԳƵˡ
Ȼ
ҶҪĲ죬ȥ
ĿǰΪ
û뵽ȻǴӣһѪֶѣȻܹӵ츳˾ȣ
սʤҶҲûаϲãΪڵʵƵȼ
һ˵ⲻһֳ裬ֳ費ᱻ֪
Ҷ𻰣Ŭƽŷڵ˿ѾܵشĵҲǳأԴ𣬴֮Ҳɺԡ
˵Ǽ̱׷ɱǴ֮ҶΣյʱ̣ʱпܱ
޳ҲҾȣҶ
ͷˣѿ֮
ɫһȻ֪Ҷ˵˼ȴ
ɱ
Ϊҹζ࣬ɾϳ֣ҶɱڴˣֻûвģҲὫһй¶ȥ
ৣ
֮ǰѪƴҶ֪ԼԲǹɵĶ֣¸ıԣʩչ׷ǲתӣٶȿ쵽˼¡
ܣܵ𣿡
û뵽ڣҶȻߣһ£νű׷ȥ
׷ǲ¼٣вܹ֮ƥС
ȻҶҲܵ˼ĴˣҪʱ׷
һ׷ǲޱȣλ¼ٵһһչ·ڿռдһ
ҶȻأϾͳ˲ͬʮѨдҲһʱġ
ֻϧҶ޷Ƭռ䣬ֻ⴦ʱͿռĵطܹɵ׷ɱ
ҶСֱ֣ӣͣһս
׷һĿ࣬Ȼû׷ϣɵÿüҶȵ
žҸʲô£ŵ۵ֱ㶪ˣҶٶȲͣ༥
㡭
̣Ը߾ѹҶʬ岻ԸԵʵԸἰȻҶȴ˿Ҳӡ
Ըͬһսϴˢĳ裬ɸͬһսɺȵ
Ǻǡ
ҶЦ
㲻ͦͬһսҸĻᡣ
ɼգֻҪҶһ֮ͣչ񹥣ֱҶɱΪֹ
ϧҶͲϵ׷ǲʩչ˼£Ѿٶ˼£ȴԾ׷ҶĲֻںųԻҡ
ͬһսɱ׼
ҶȻ֪ɴʲộȻùˡ
ο˿̵ѾȫûһսóȻͣȻ⵽ɵǿ󹥻Щ
Ϊܵռ䣬ʱͿռҵҪӵȥ
ɷˣϧȼҲҪ׷Ҷɵ
ô죿
Ҷ׷ǲȻ¼ٵǿȴǵŲɫʱЩɫʰ쵵ĹȻȴǳΣա
һ⣬ۣʵȴǳһУҶҲס
ԣʱע⣬ܱЩǳÿĹ߻л߰Χˣ·һ
ŵĻһ֮Ҷڱ׷ϣһǹŵȭ˹
䣡
Ҷڰæлһȭ͹ɵȭâһߣ÷Լ͵Զ

ɶˣû뵽Ҷ˽ƻ͵ȭٴκ˾롣
һ׷һӼ䣬֪˶ãüҶ㱻ɵɱ
˵Ҷӽһ졣
һ죬κ׷·š
⴦ռȻ嫣ʱȴģһֹâɨκ˶⡣
̶̼ʱҶѾɻĴΣÿһζǷѾ˱Դڷ
ҶС֣ҿΣ
ŵĽţ˿ʵҲ˺̶ܴȵļ
ϾֿռдսҲǼΪķģûҶ̬ȫܴ
ľϾҶҪߣǳɹۣͱҶĵû
С־ʲôĹ̥·޾һսڣȻûкľ
һ׷һֹ߰
ͬʱҶѪ죬ڣң˷·Ѫˮ̳һ
֪ôˡ
ҶûƣаΪϵģȻͬΪ۱ϱϾأȲùżҵ𶦡
˵ҶУϾİʦϣ·˺Ϳɽ
һʱ䣬˫׷ӣʱûٽ֡
⣬ԺĸԺϹֵõϢֱ߻һЩҪû̸
֮ؾǵԺ߻ܣЩϽʦ֮⣬ֻм˲ʸ֪
ԺϹȻʸģԺɮڽҶ˴֮󣬰һػ֮ȥˡ
ΪԺ߻ڣȻٲԺѧԺԺֻ
ܶҪһһӣϹæýѾӶˣȻоҶ͹Щ죬Ҳûȥ
æֱߵ֮ʩʩȻȥ׼鿴һΪ˷ı֣ЩƼȴǵԭ
Ϲּ˽һ֮ҲоЩ죬ϾΪĥŴڵģвЩޡ塢սĻĥ֮˵
ҽȥ
˵ţϹһ߽˹ɽ

ϹֽͬʱռУٴץסᣬҶһֱӽУѺۣ·𱻺ݺһͷľһ
ۡ
ҶһѪǶģˣһϢɵɱ
ڵҶ˵һʿɵĽɱɷһ֮δʩչɱ
ΪҶвΪ֪ĵƣݵʩչһ




1592 Ұ
ԳҶΣյʱ̣궼ܵ˼Ĵˣ˴
ǿһڱԴĻ˿̵֧Ųסˡ
ǳΣյռ䣬ʱͿռȻȥѤ貣ʵȴǳΣգÿһâܶ۷ǿߡ
ûдﵽ߾֮ǰռеʱͿռÿ˵ǷǳΣյġ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҷģ
Ʊǿɵľʵǿ̫ˣûκνҵĿܡ
ȼԾɲǶ֣İռУߵĻᶼûУ
һ̣ûκο־壬Ѿȫûʲôˣȴź
һİ磬Ϊ˵İΪ׷Ѱĸ׵ټΪ˸
ΪһУѹ·ʱ㱼Ŭðսһһλ
δһĿģҪˣǻź
Ҳİ
Ҷŭͼٴεһʡ
ˣ
ʱռеʱͿռˣһâʱͿռҶϡ
ৣ
âһϵӰ֣ӰģԾɽҶ˾ڵĹâ֮ڣһԪڣסС

ţϴһƴ߶ڣڷֲĲӲ˺ռ䣬һŵĿռг˳ȥصĿռС
˿̣Ҷϵı£ѾȻԣܵһұ޸
˫տȻ纣ĹâƴŽռԭռ֮Ϻ俪ſռ˺ѵǿ˺ҶصС
ţ
ͬʱԺԺϹ𾪵ķ֣ڵоȻûйɵӰ翴ǵӰûĶѡ
С⡱һ£̶øԺȨֱӴڵеҶڵڵС
ʱѾ֪ڵλãԺܿϵ翴Ҷչصĵط
һ̣ȫˣ
ΪҶҲѲУǵӰͬûģַ͹µǵӰȫһ¡
ѵ
ϹӿһɲԤС
ǹɶĳֽҶˣǴ¼ϵ֮ĶԹ
Щ˽⵽»ʳ飬ΪҶǱе𾪡
խžʵҶǿҪǿƻɱĻڿҶѾ׶༪ˡ
վԭأϹĸӦһ̲е쳣һĶʱ
ҪԺ㱨£
ϹȻʵǿûֱ˺ѿռ䣬ռ
Ҽܹһ㣬Ҳ֪ȥôѰҶΨԺܹ
ո뿪ʱѿһ϶ҶϵĹЮ³ռ䡣
ƬҲֱͣӴҶ֮ؾĵ۳Ƿȥ
Ҳȫƾһ֧ţռ͹żҵ۱һսЩıˡ
Ψг嵽۳ǣѰԺǿߵı򲻽Լᱻżҵ۱ɵҶҲɡ
۱ϢƵ֮ؾУ˶ӦˣԺϽʦԾ˷ϿУ鿴ʲô¡
ɽ߸һȣ׷ϵĽŲϵ˵۳ǡ
ʲôˣڵ۳Ұ
ϹֵһӦ˵۱Ϣʱһˢһϸ߿գɢſʥǿϢ
ҪɱҶ㱣
ûж˵ʲôΪӦ𶦵ϢѾŹ׷
ৣ
һӣҶӾ׳ƽƽȵķɵϹǰ
ʲô
ϹʶؽҶУ̱㷢ֹۣһֻѾ̤˹Źأ
ಣ
Ϲɫ䣬˵ֱóһö̱Ԫ鵤Ҷȵס˵
Ժкܶҽ߳ĽʦֻҪҶƾǵֶΣ϶ܹȻģֻǻ᲻Ӱ쵽Ϊɾͱ˵ˡ
˿̣ҶҲϨ𣬿νΣյ˼㣬ʱпȥ
һ˲䣬۳Ͽձۼ˴ʿеԺĽܳӣиػؾĳϣ޶̩Ҳˡ
۳ϿӰӰ´£ʿǶǱ۱Ĳġ
ಣ
һżҵ۱𶦴Źɳ˵۳ǵϿգңңš
۱ͬʱ֣ԴŵжԵ̬ŷúܶ˶е㤣һЩʵԲʿܲѹֻѡ˵Զ۲̬ķչ
ɣҪĽͣ
ԺĸԺϹһ˪ʵô£Ҷϵô£
ʲôûκνͣҲҪͣ
𶦵֣ӵͷ⣬ɺڣǿƵ˵
Ϊŵ۵ĵ۱飬˵ĺ𣿡ϹֽҶһҽտĳУԸΪҶˣ˵
㶮ʲôΪδΪ˴ֿǣŵ˵ߣСڣֻҪȫκ鶼ǿġ൱ǿơ
Ŷ˵˵뷨ֻɱδľӢûпΪֿǵ˼ΪֿǵģϹĿ˵
ȻƾʵͲ𶦵Ķ֣ȴӣΪԺԼĵ̣ȫܹѹ۱СҲ⡣
ɱ˴ӣʧСеħϣСɱȻܹ֤ɵۣΪǿࡣ
ɨҶһۣĿϣ˵ңɵڣ۱ںΪһ壬ͳԽ޵ĳ۱廹һԵ壬ѵΪĴ𣿡
ʲôȻҪɵҵĵ۱
ûд۵Ϊƽڰңҵĵ۱̫̫ˣܵشҲģɣ
۸հԶûзӡԼӣΪƽڰңսһû뵽ĵ۱Ȼܵ˲ƽĴ
ƽڰҵʱ򣬼ûҲСھȻҪɵ۵ĵ۱ֱ̫޳ˡ
𶦵Ļ˵ľ˼ͬһʱ뵽һεĺڰңΪڳЩ˵һֲĶңƽڰҵĹ̷ǳ
Ǳˣһ۱ȻҪɵһ۱بδе飬Ҫ֪ÿһ۱Ƕһ޶ģǲɸƵġ
£żҵ۱ȻִҪɵڣ˵ʲôɳԽ޵ĵ۱ԼҰ͡
ţ
УҲˣû뵽Լҵĵ۱ȻҰģܹɹôżҽؽΪ߸ϵĵһ壬޷Ტۣ
ֻǿڵ龰ֻºŭѷ
һеĻżҵĿ¾Ͳǿ֮ˣ
Ϊӵе۱ĵ壬¶ϣһ۱ںϵһԽ޵ĵ۱Ƕв
ҪɱҶɵڣǾȹذɣ
Ϲһȣǿѹϯء




1593 Ժ
֮ؾ򣬵۵Ԫغ
۳֮⣬֮ؾȻ󣬵ȴǳϣ͸ʷĲɣ
˿̣ڵ۳ǵϿգԺĸԺϹ͹ŵ۵ĵ۱𶦶ţ
ԲɱҶɵڣԹûء
Ҳ֪Լºֹ𶦵һУΪ۱ȫһʵ̫ˣͲܿסġ
ڵ龰Ҳֹۣ˵ʲôζཫĴֿǵƨͲš
𶦷ҰͣҪ׳Լȴ˵ȹûʵ
𶦣ҰͣҪɵ۵ĵ۱ɾǿԼ˵ʲôΪֿǵƨ
һ󺷷˵ӿĽŨüһȵ
Ҷ֮䲢û̫Ľ飬ȴͺ˵ǹֵܣֵֵܵܣȻҲԼֵܣʱȻҪվΪҶ˵乫
ûںͬΪ֮ӣȻûһ֮
ѵҪڲս𣿾Ȼݵ͵ϮҶ
б¸ҴһҵҪ㵽׵õ˹ŵ۶ٴУ
ҶѾնɱһأʲôΪԼ˽˶ԹôڲˣҵΪ飡
ɵһ۱ɳԽ޵ĵ۱𣿷ǳ룬˵Ļ˼Ҿˣֵ㣿
ڰػģ˵ʲôΪֿǣޣ

һʱ䣬޶Ҳ׷׿ڣΪҶƽµΪŵӹխСΪ˱Ҷġ
˹֮⣬ǹŻº˻ʴ۵ӣ߷ӡħħΪҶƽͬʱΪżҵն񣬽Ȼһ
ԭܼ򵥣ڶ۱һͬƽڰҵʱ򣬾ǣסĵ۱󣬶żҵһֱ⣬
ԭƽڰ֮ҵľΪصĵ۱ĵ۱
ǹżҵһʷ˿̱ܶ˷˳ùһߵһҲԴ
һȺ֪ߵغСޣϷһʶ
żҵһǿĵ۱ѹǵء
𶦵ǿϢ£ĽܵһӳĬǲ뿪ڣǸ޷ڣ۱ѹ̫ǿˡ
٣֪ͽˣôNɪĽаݡ
ɱ۵ĵ۱Ҳǳǿ󣬼ϾڣôǿҲԲҶԿ
ǣԺһЩϽʦǿϢ壬޷ڣֻܿԶˡ
ۡ
һЩʵԲıǿϢ壬һѪܵشߵһǿֱӴķΧźùһЩ
ϹüͷĽģʵڲԸ⿴龰۰ǹżҵĵ۱ǹɣǾںҶһս϶ˣ˭Ƕһ
Һõ۳֮ûͨˣǿѹ£ûжܿס
ˣϹĶ𶦲ǿڹŵҲΪ޴ף뻽ĵԺ̣ѹ
ǰΪ۱飬ҲԼʶӦ˾ҲԲͳԽ޵ĵ۱Ƕļϣǰеִ
⣬ҶȻǵӣǱȴһҲȹɲ˭ұ֤Ժ֤Ĳˣبûд֤ѪȻռƣ֤ϣǡǡϰ
ΣҲɱҶɾڣˣǵԺĵ̣żҵأ
ϹֻʯıԼĹ۵㣬ֻҪԼվţ;
Ϊֹ𣿡
ЦûнϹַڳûκһֹԼ

˵䣬ֱӶ֣߷һ⣬콣һҶȥҪɱҶɼȳʵǸʱ˭Ҳ޷ı䡣
㡭
Ϲɫһ䣬ִһ׾ľӣҶǰ

һ죬žҵĲһ£ֱӱˣҲɹ˻ȥ
һ̣ȫ˿ܣȻ֪ΪãֺΪеĸоⲻˬ
޷ÿһ۶ǱԲһǾԵУɱԼţɾϴģ
οԼ
ȴζˣ𶦸ûб˼Ϊǿˣ˿̵ȫһӡ
ߣһ˶ûУ˶Ծ־룬˿̳˳׵Ĺ¼ҹˡ
Ժ˶ʱɫ䣬żҵĵ۱ȻƵԺȨ⻹˵ã
ɫԺźڣ
һ̣Ⱥ鼤ܣȻԺĵӼҶǱȽǿߵģҶԼʵӮǵأȻɱҶڵԺĵ֮ؾж֡
Ժˣ̰ɣ
ܶ˶ϹִҪԺĵ̣ѹ𶦡
ҪʲôûֹңҲ⣡
һŵ˵
˿̣һ仰Ҳû˵ĬĬĻָƣ𶦵һսܴأʱ޷ˡ
𣿡
Ϲֵ˵޷ֹ㣬˿ֹ㣬ڿ쵽ˣ
һȵ˵ʲôֹҵģûֹң
˵ҲЩһˣΪɽ𣬲ܹһ
ʱڽµԺ֮Уһ۵ĵطȻǿϢƵؼ䣬죬µģ
ʲôˣ
һ㶣һֱӴ߶һɱ⣬Ϣĵطȥ
꣡
һ죬ɱϢʧˣһͣͷ˵ͻ˿ռƣͻأĳ𶦵ǰ
˭Ҫֹ𣿡
Ԥе˲ɫߺʵ

û˵̾˿ǿϢ˲·ûгֹһ
˿վ֮У׻ᱻΪûκΪͨˡ
ˣԺϽʦǶ֪߾˭ΨϹ֪ǵԺص֮ؾĵ̡
λ˾ʲôֻ֣֪֪λǰĵԺ̫ϳϣΪڵɮܻҪһߣ׼ۼǿߡ
ߵĳ֣Ϲֳ׷ˣղžǻλҪر澵Ӻ֮صϵ
ڴžʱϹֱ߶˹žλȡϵ
žѣλƵԺ̵Ȼ֪˴飬ҲϵĹžٵˡ
֮Ϲ̱ķʽľϸĸߡ
ಣ
˿̣ѾȥɵҶһۣһӣһϢûҶڣ
Ŀһеϣǵûֹ¶οЦݣΪ֪ҶûˣҺܿͻѹ
һΪıԴΪҶòˣ




1594 ӡ

𶦻ûʶǰ߾жֲȻΪҶˣ֪ͷ½˳ɱҶɵڡ
ҶȻܹڹӵҲеⲻΪ̫ʴˡ
ȻǵˣǾͲֶεĽɱôʱ䣬ɾȻûɱҶʧ
һжҪˣֻҪܹԺĵ̻ɱڳûκһ赲ʱΪΪ
һֱţֻҪܹɵһ۱ͳԽ޵ĵ۱𶦳Ϊ
ɱ
ٴμɱ⣬ֱҶϣҹζ࣬ٵʱˡ

ʱͷ˵΢΢һЦ˫һ֣˲佫۱ɱˣصĻ𶦵ıϣ


죬Щɳȥȴ治ɫԾһнľӣ·ղŸֵһ
㡭
𶦴ŭҲһԤе˲ǰܵ˼ѹ
ϣܵһ˿ڴ۵ѹҪϼһ׼ۼǿߡ
𶦰ڣղŸͲøЩ˷ϻģ˻ûг֮ǰǿƳ֣ɼȳɺôǿҲûˡ
˽άȵξأְɣ޷ӵ۱ȫ²˵Ķָ֣о̫ˡ
ʤ·ȴɱһ׼۾ǿߣƵҪѪ
Ҳܵ𶯣ֱһѪо쳣˲һеĳ֣ɾ̫ԩˡ
ȻǶԻɱӺܼɻ䣬ȴȫģȹɱûվϣô˵
ľҶ֪ˣȻΪ۱飬ҲܺΪɱᾫӢΪԼ˽ɱĵ۱ΪΪǸ
Ժߵ˵˿ûн۱
Ǹ
𶦵ŭ죬עһ㲻ܻɱҶҲһҪˡ
Ȼ䣬𶦱ǿѹȫ渴ˣ·һվڿУúܶ˶̲ס
ȫ渴ĵ۱¹ⲢˣΪ۱൱ڴ۵
ǿѹ£Ҷˣ˿Ȼأڹ̱Ԫ鵤Ѿסƣټ׼۾߲ϧķѱԴΪˣѾûдˡ
𶦵ȫѹ£Ҳһ޷ڣֻܰΪż
ƾԼڵʵ޷ϣȥҲ
ৣ
Ժһ㣬ֱӵǰһȭźϡ
飡
ģٴαɳȥȫ渴յĵ۱Ҳһ׼۵Ķ֣Ͼ۱Ϊ߶ġ

ɱ˦˳ѪܵģȻܵ˴ˣ
С棬ô
ȥһѽס˹ɣ̵̻ʵ
ʱǹɳ⣬޷彻ҹǹżҵϣҲκʧ
û£
תŵѪ˲临ԭֻϵѪʱȥˣȥЩǱ
Ҷȣ˿νѵܣͬڣͬĻѪֻҶȥҪǱˡ
۱һã
ʱԺĵһֱ֣ӽ뵽УС
Ҵ߶ͱ˴߶۱ӳǽȻͬģ˿̾ȻѾˣһ׼۵Ĵ߶£Ծܹӳǿ
졢ءɣӡ
Ժĵ߷·˸һŵͦ˫⣬ʩչֶΣһâ
Щâڿγһϵַʮأм䣬ã

𶦵͸¶Ż֣̿һ̣֪ǰ߾жֲͲԼܿġ
ˣ
һַϣ˸ŹĹâӲӡС
Һް
𶦵дޡ
ԼռкϼսˣԴصĻǵԺҲκβ
ѶʱȻɵڣɾͳԽ޵ĵ۱ҶҲɡ
Ǹʱ˭ǹɵĶ֣ɲҪ֤ɵۣɾͿĸ׹ŵ۲磬һΪһ̤·ɵɽ磬Ϊ۶ҪĽɣ
Ȼ
ȴ־ı䣬Ժĵ߼ͨͽֶΣսʮ˸ϵַϣ׽ӡʹ֮˯״̬

ɺ͹˳ɵˣû뵽ջĽ
٣ɻѽ
ħֻһ˵
⣡
Ľܺ˳ζͶܿ޻̸ĺѣ˿̼ħˣҲ̲סһ䡣
ɣΪŵӣ磬Ҳ˵ʲôխͶܣҲòһ䣬ٸ˲˴ֵΪ˽˶Թɱ徫ӢĻǹŵӣҲ㣡
ӡ𶦵֮Ժĵ߽Ŀת˹ɣ侯档
û˵Ҳ˼ٲ˴ֵĶҶֵĻпֱӽɻؾ
һ˶еǶҶЩ΢ʵĵԺҲù̫ˡ
ԺԺ֮Ѿãȴд裬ӲΪж۵ԺԺǶ壬֮Բڶһǰᡣ
˵ԺǿߵĻɳĬƬ̣˵սңѵҲܳ𣿡
㣬ȡԾ֣ۣսĻǾͱ˫Ըֻ˫Ը²ſʵʩ
˵ԺĵǿɨҶһۣ˵ǣϽսԺҲ׼սģս˫ʼ֮ǰҪеԺϳڳලΪѧԺƣ
ⷬ˵ȲѧԺĹ۵㣬ֱսɵʧ
ԺܶϽʦ׷׵ͷʾͬ˵ҲΪƽķ
ԺΪܹԺ࿹֮һҪľҪ֤ƽԣԺźʥؾûʲôˡ
֮ԺܶʥصʥӺ͵ǿ˶ϲԺޣΪԺӲ뵽κ֮УžԵ
޶Ҳ޻˵ľҶģ벻ʱʱ̵̿ĵĹɻͻȻɱˡ
Ѫ֣㲻˵ͻŰŰôҵ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ˵ƨ
õԺǿߵĻش֮󣬹ЦſҶ̵
ģͻ֮գŰ֮ʱ
ҶӦʯײ




1595 Ԫرʺͷ
۳Ͽյ鳾䶨żҵ۱𶦵鱻ӡ˳˯֮С
Ȼͨ߶۱սӳȴޡ
һΣ͹ɨأ˸ͷشԼҵ۱ȥˡ
ҲԦžڻصҶʶȹһ꣬ʲô֢
ţ
ҶʶȴԾķ֣ҶѾָĲˣ곹Ϊһ壬Ҳ޷ֱ˴ˡ
Ȼøˡ
̲ס̾ͬʱҶں֮󣬻ᷢʲô仯
һ䣬ҶûлصΪ׼ıչڣǱԺĵ˵۳ǡ
ԺĵΪҶ׼һչصСԺ䣬ڵ۳ûʲôµĻҪǡ
һССԺ䣬ڵ۳в⣬˵洦ɼͨͨ߷Ժļѩгŵζ
۳Ǻ͵ԺһҲͨĵطΪڣϼ
ҶͥԺУѩµһʯϣ޲ꡣѾ޸壬ȴԾûż

ҶпһĦŴǰʯϼѩҶһ
Ҷӣˣ
ʱͻȻһӵţ֨¡һűƿˣĽһȳԺ
Ǵħ޶̩ˡ
˹ż֮⣬αѡеĶˡ
ɫ
ĽˬʵĴЦţһӣƷʯҶǰȭͷ󣬹â䣬ڿУ䳾
ʯȥˣֵҿʯͷҶǡ
ҶҪܾĽգ۾üŪ۵Ĳþܾ
ҶЦãижĽܵ뷨ڽ˻թأˣ˺˼͵㶫
͵ĺ˶ɣ
ȻڿĽͳƷʯ֮˶ʱɫþ
Ʒʯʲô
ǣһóƷʯҲۡ
˭ĽһôУ
Ϊ˵ʲôʱûʯˣֱȥͳˡ
Ҳ֮ˣ׷óһЩƷʯıϡ
סס
óһЩ廨ŵĶҶЦãǱȣһ︻ͣںЩʯ
Ҷ֣öӲʲôֵǮĶһҪ£
óһöһĶȥΪֻͨһȻķɶ칤
ҶӣϽ£ͺӵӱأԴǺö
ûҶӦħֱӳ֣ҶС
һ֣Ҷ͸оһ飬·ܹһ
Դˣ뵽ڵϵһЩ˵ڷ̱֮Ϊǻɿǣǿԣû뵽ֹЧ
ȻöӺܲѰ͵ЩͨӾԲһ
˴ħö۵ӵĽܣλӶЩȣܹǿԣʿ
⡭ʵ̫ˣ
ҶǳԶһʿжҪ˵Ҫȴ᲻á
°ɣҲʲôֵǮĶ
ӵǺܴ󷽣Це˵
Ǿȴ֮ˣ
ҶҲٿ֪֮֮ⶫԼ̫ˡ
ó֮󣬴ħҲóһѪ٣һּҩΪʿꡣ
ţλҲó˼ֵƵıȿĽ֮ǰóƷʯ
ΪӣȻԼĺöһҶΪѣȻҪó㶫ʾʾ
Ҷ֣öշţҪʱܹ
̩óһŷƵķֽҶǰ
ʲôã
ҶҲˣϾĵ۾̫ңԶˣĵ۴еһЩֶǻǸеİ
˵ɻ̩΢ЦŽ͵ǻܹ֮ӳǿķɵֵʥȫһҲֵֻܵһ£žͱˣһԵƷ
ʲʲôֵܵʥȫһ
˵ӶʱԲˣǺöؼʱĵ۴ʵ̫ˡ
ϧǣֻϸûʲôֻ̾ˡ
˵ôõĶ߶
Ľʳ˵λӶɴ۾ȴ̩Ļش
ֻ̩ͷԵģ
ৣ
һȫ쵽̩ǰŻºЦе֣㲻ܺ˱˰ɣ

̩һȦˣԼǰĴֵʲôʲô浱ˣûˣһҲûˡ
̩Ľͣ˲ףֻǳķ̩Ҳֻܻһš
ôҲֻǻŶѣԼһű͸Ҷһţûˡ
ĵ۴У̫ˣ
˷׷׸п
ӣǹŵӣʵйΪŵ۶ġҶӣôģ
̸ЦһĽܽҶ˵ǻ֪ʼĩԵɡ
Ҷ򵥽һľ˶ʱߣ׷״̫Ҫˡ
ھȥСһ٣´򲻹˭һȥѵѵСӣ
Ľܷǳջ۾ɵԲɱСԺ
Ҳ׷ΪҶƽָΪӣȴ˵ĲݵıҶ˿ȫ֡
ҶʧЦλǵĺˣҾκ˲֣һԼķʽ
Ҷӡ
ĽЩĵĿҶóȻ¡
ΪȻǲݣʵȴǶأΪӵĹɣʵܹʮŽǰǵһ
ಣ
߼˺Ҷһһ߽ռ֮С
һֱڱչأûüϼ档
˿̣ռУҶϵϣڼΪƼأɵñһᡣ
ϣ˼ҡ
Ҷֱӹǰں޵ˮͬʱнɺ𶦺޵˼¡
ɵӣⲻ㣡
ȣҶܴأ²òһ˯ˣЩҪ㣡
˵
Ҷʡ
һͻ߾֮ǰǧҪǿжõ۱пܷǵ޷۱ᱻʧȥһĵСϾ߶۱Ҫ̫ˣԶܹܵġ
֪ˣİɣ߾Ҿõ۱
Ҷ֪ΪԼ룬ͷӦ
ڶ֮ǰ߽һ޹غʵľͶԪصıʺͷֻԪصıʺͷʱʹԪغУԪصķͱʰɡ
ţ
ҶҲͬӦ֪һ˵ľܡ
֪ס˶ʿΪԪطϣܶ˶ҶһΪʵʵ߽һ
ˣͨԪߣɹͻƵҪԪصķͱʣѶȷǳ󣬼ܹɹҲҪܳʱ䣬ûжʱˣŬɣ
׼ȥʱͻȻ뵽ʲôһֲ
Ԫأ
Ҷһ󲻵ѯʣʧռУ˳˯С


1596 ˮԪط
Ԫصıʺͷôһܹɹģ
ݵľ㵹Ҷ߬ȭͷ
߳ռ䣬Ҷ˫ĹâʱҴ̵ԪغȥԪصıʺͷ
֮ǰѾһ·ûиʱԻӻ˷ˣ
߳۳ǣҶֱԪغȥ
ԪغеԪطǳ棬ÿһԪضкܴһƬ򣬴Ӹ߿տһƬԪصĺÿһԪ֮䶼μȻͬ
磬ԪعΪľˮ硢ס֣ԪغҲԪɡ
Ԫغܻӭÿ춼ԪغԪص
ԪغıԵ֮ҶûмŽ룬Ǳ۾˼Ƭ̡
ڻǧĹʷУйеһЩ֪ʶٴչŴҵ˵ˣԪˣҲ⡣
ȥԪأ
Ҷ˼
˵ҪԪصķȫ˲С
ˮˮȴˮʼɣ
ҶãﶼˮˮֲųκԪأǻԣȴˮԪؿʼӦǲѡ
ܿ죬ҶˮԪصһƬɫˮԪظ棬УܹԸоˮԪصĲȡ
ѹ˶ĻֻøԪصıʺͷ򣬱˵ǸԪصıʺͷˣһˮԪͨʿҲ°빦Ч
ҶϥںɫģĬĬȥȥӴˮĬĬˮԪصıʺͷ
һḶ́Ҷһһ£ˮԪؿν˽ȴԾûܸˮԪصıʺͷ
Ԫغ⣬Ͻʦһ໥ʲôʼִ
ǸҶѾˮԪһ˰ɣôûиˮԪصķͱʣ
̫ļ˰ɣԪصķҪԵģʱʲôҪûж򣬻£Ԫصıʺͷ򡣡
ûһʿҪģû취˭ҲﲻֻܿԼǲԪصķⱲӵĳɾͿ¾ֹͨ۷ˡ
ܹͨʱӱ˵Ҽһܹġ
Ҳδأ֪ʲôǼ֪Ϊһ˽ϰҲ⡣
Ͻʦ֪˵׼ˣҶǼϣԪص֪ΪԪطϰ

Ҷ̾˿۾һϵȥˮԪصķͱʣȴû˿ջ
֪ԼԾûܸˮԪصķ򣬲֪Ϊʲôָоǳǿҡ
ΪʲôԪصķ򾿾ʲô
ҶվüͷˮԪصĺһһüͷ˼
ʱͻȻ뵽ԼĻﻹһö͸Լӣһ̽óģ˲ƽķȵĸо
ţ
ҶǰһӹȻãоԼԪصˣΪһˡ
ô֮ǰȻóˣǵ԰
ҶԳһЦȥˮԪصıʺͷ
ʱһһεĹȥڼ䣬ĽܺʹħֱȥҹǶûҵ
ڵ֪ҶԪصıʺͷʱǱûٴΪǶ֪Ҷ͹֮Լ
Ҷ͹ɵԼ֮ؾжȻ󲨣ܶ˶ΪҶսʤɡ
ԭܼ򵥣һˮ벻٣ܶʿһӶϣɱϾڱӡ֮ǰѾڵʿˣҶոͻƵôǹɵĶ֣
Խ棬ÿһС֮Ĳ඼úܴҶͻƵڣԾɺ͹һС磬ټϹӵĹŵѪҶҪսʤһ֣ѣ֣ѣ֣ǳѣ
ɲô룬ⳡսƺɱˣҶʼ޷ͻ˵仰ʱǼ飬ƺҲܡ
ֻĿԴҶ죬ɵ
˵ܶ˶Ϊǵӣֻǰǹŵӵݣ˵ʲôˡ
ʵϣ˶һɾ׼Ҷͻ֮ɣҲһ
ʱˮҴҶҶԪغѾˣԾûдˮԪصĺ߳
ڣЩϽʦǶо죬ҶԣӦôûܸˮԪصıʺͷ
ӵİ£һ̨ףгˮԪط
˿̣ҶߵĻһеǳ죬Ϊؿڳһˮηţ֡
ǶˮԪطŶԪطҲâɡ
Ǹʱ򣬱ǶһԪصķ򵽼µڹâ֮ͻȻʧǱǳԽ˼£ﵽ豹߾ˡ
Ҷϵķĳ̶ȣǳѣԶԶ̸ϼ£˵ʲô豹ˡ
¿ͷѣֻҪܹһԪصķͱʣľˣϾô·
ˮԪصĺγһУҶеģ˿ӣޱϲ
ͨ²ϵĸˮԪصıʺͷһֻ᲻Դо޷ñīȥݡ
ʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ڼ䣬ȥǿƻɱһͷڵǿߣ˾޴ĺ䶯úܶ˶ʵһµ֪
ãҶͻҪսʤҲѣǹԸͬս
ǲܵģ˶֪»ʳս̨ϣڷӡʵҶͬд裬űŰĸһǰ֮ٷ
ϾԼͬһˤΣ




1597 
ˮԪغУԪصĲ൱ԣʿĿʥأ
ˮԪغҶһһϥؿ˸һˮԪطġ
ǳˮԪصıʺͷ֮γɵһֱ
ৣ
Ҷ˫ۣâǰˮԪطɲǼȥ·ûгֹһ
ҶԼˮԪصķоԼںؼˮԪΪһ壬޷ֱ˴ˡ
ָоǳֻζԴȴ֪Լˣ
һ̣ԺиһĻѾڼܾõĻ桭
ѩɽĳһ߰ڱ̹ǵķѩһһʽϰ似
ʦʲôʱܴﵽ
һһվָʵ
ȵ˾͵ˣ
ƽĻش
䡭ˡ
仰֪˶ٱ飬õĴԶ䣬һȻϼһҲ֪νʲô
Ȼ
ﵽʱʦ˵жô׼ȷȵ˾͵ˣ
һֻ᲻Դĸо
ҶԼ߱
ףһԵĴǻߣ˵Ļ
ڣˮԪصķͱʣͬ˵ȴ֪Լˡ
ʦ˵ģȵ˾͵ˣ
ˣ
ڵ֪ԼˮԪصıʺͷ֮Ҷϲ֣ٴγԳ
ǳأˮԪغֱ֮ӻص˵۳Լס
һΣյḶ́Ҵ⣬ϴʧܵǰ֮ڻ£
صסСԺҶԿ̻һ򵥵ƣ£˷ССԺ仯˵۳е
ŨԪˮڣ괺Ժֲﶼֳת
ҶڷУ̥ͨϵصۺˮԪط򣬿ʼ
һɿֲϢϢƵ۳ǣ
ţ
־˵Ϣһӽ۳е˶ˣǴӸԱչصĵط߳ͬʱҶסǸ۵СԺ
ˣҪô
µʱԪصķ򣬿е
Ϣе㲻ԣֲ̫ˣҸоǳɹпܻԴ䣬һֻ֪ɱ¾Ŀħ
۷׷ףػϽʦǶüйעСԺевǱʩԮ֣޷صı硣
۳֮ĳһĿҶչصСԺĬĬš
ԸҶ˳ͻƣΪǽζСɱҪҶս
ȻԹɷǳģΪҶͻҲԲǹɵĶ֣Ͼһ
ֲϢԽԽǿҶ·һţˮԪطȣȴʼ޷γԼе
䣡
񱩵ȻըСԺķȫ˷棬Ҷվڷ֮УڣѪ߰ߡ
ʧˣ
ô
ѾԪصķΪʲôǻʧܣ
ܶ˲⣬ҶԪغĬĬ£˵ûгĳԪصıʺͷôóȻ
ڣҶȻʧˣԪصıʺͷ֮ʧˣ˾ò˼飡
Ԫصıʺͷô춼ͻƣˣ𣿡
ŵüͷ˲չ¶˾ΥЦݡ
ȴһҲû⣬ҶܷͻƵԼĶ֡
ҶͻҲڶѣڱӡ֮ǰѾڵǿˡ
һƬУҶЦתɲǼָγʧܣûϴܴôء
ϵѱʵҪԪصķͱȫ˲ȻȻĽûȫԪصıʺͷ֮ǰǲܳɹġ
֮Խܶʿ赲⣬ҪԭǣǶһʿԵĿѾʵܹˡ
ҪԪصıʺͷȫˡ
Ҷ̾˿
һḶ֪́Լܷ֮߳ؾ֮ǰԪصıʺͷȫ򣬵ܷɹҲҪһѾû·
һ·Ҷ׼ԪغȥԪصıʺͷʱͻȻһϢԪغһԪصıʺͷ
Ϣ˶ˣ
Ȼ˵ʿڴﵽ֮ԾлܹԪط򣬵ȴûܹ
ɵһˣ
һӣ֮ؾˣǵԺϽʦĵԺӣ޶ˣû뵽ɾžޣȻԪصıʺͷһ٣
ɲǹŵӣѪ˫Ը߾
بܹʱԪطһ²ݵĴ˵
⣬ɺпڽ֤ɵۣΪеһ֤ߣżҽһ˫ۣ
һûĶˣͬΪӵºҲҲ⣡
һһˣ
ڵ֪˵ڶԪصıʺͷ֮󣬺ܶ˶۷׷ףΪɲ˫֮۱ȼ磡
ǶĿĽܵҲòϣɵԵȷֲܿ
Ҫ֪ʿڸһԪرʺͷʱ򣬱ȻѡԼͨϵԪء
Ȼ
ڸڶԪصıʺͷʱ򣬱ȻᱻһԪصķų⡣
ң֮ǰ̣ȻԵڶԪرʺͷγΪĹ
Ǽϣԭľ鷴ΪµԪطϰ޷˷ϰͲڶԪصķ
ϣܶʿй˼ά;ʶΪԼѾһԪصıʺͷڶֿ϶̫ѡ
ʮܹ򵽵ڶԪطģνǷëǣ亱
Ȼˣʱ򣬱Ȼ򳬹ֵԪطҲΪɽ֤ԭ
û뵽ǼһﾹȻ˵ڶԪصķ򣬿ҿ¶Ķˣ
ڵ֪˵ڶԪصķ֮󣬹ŻºһɫĶ˻ʵ˵
ҶǸ˿ºսʤˣ
ͬľ磬ΪҲиߵ֣֮ԪصķʵҶͻҲԲǹɵĶ֣
ͬʱ۳۷׷ס
뵽֮ǰҶ˵Լͻ֮գս֮ʱܶ˶ãҶ̫嶯ˡ
ǿԪرʺͷĹɣʵѾ˴ȵұڣҶͻҲǱذɣ
˶Ϊο
СԪط򣬼ҶͻҲŰ
һգ۳ǡ




1598 ʱ
ʱۣ
תۼ䣬ҶϴγѾȥ¡
˵ڶԪط龭ʱĳҲƽ
Ȼ
ƽı£֮ؾȴǰӿҶǹɣ߿ĽܵˣڽŵС
˵ڶԪط򣬶º˶һСĴ̼ҲʼƴŬڶԪصķ
УҶһֱľԪصĺбչأԼľԪȫںһ
ѡľԪҲҶܵ˼֮ľˮľˮľ괺ľԪˮԪطӰСģҲֻ׳ɹġ
УҶûƶһ£߷࣬Ӱ£ľԪѾ廯ˡ
ӣҶʶ飬Ҳʵ˺ܶ࣬ɵӡɢ貵ĹâһֽҫʶϿա
˵һˮԪطͱʵľ飬ҶΪľԪطʱףû뵽һӺķµʱų
˿̣ؿڣ˹ˮԪط֮⣬һɫľԪطġ
У̫ˣٶȣڳȥ֮ǰ޷Ԫصıʺͷȫ򣬸˵ˣ
Ȼ͹һԪط򣬵Ҷû˿ϲãǳŽȸУ̲סüͷ
Ӱ£ԾɺķµʱһԪصķٶǳ⡣
֪ڵ뷨Ǵɿɡʱ˵ڶԪصķ򣬿е㣬Կ
֮ؾֻһʱ䡣
־ڽԪȫ䷨ͱʵҶ˵¹ȥˣųԪصķ򣬻Ԫصķͱʵ
ܹÿһԪصıʺͷ򣬻ܷκ⣬ڽ֮ǰԲܽԪصıʺͷȫ
ʵ̫ˣʱȣûκο˷ѵʱ䡣
һΣҶѧˣڳľԪصıʺͷ֮ûгȥֱӾͽеԪغ֮С
ˮľľ
ҶȫǰջĹϵҵ˳ģҲССȡɵĵط
ڵˮԪغɵľԪغͬԪغɫΪö֣Խ¶ȱԽߣȻҲ׸Ԫصıʺͷ
Ҷϸ߿գĬĬع۲ŻԪصĺ
Ԫغ󹲷־أΧǳɫĻ棬ͨɱǶʿȴûʲô˺
ڶǳɫ¶δ֪ҶղҲΧĳɫѡ
ٻɫǰɫɫɫɫڰؾȻǺɫھȫһƬ磬徿ʲôɫ
ȻҪԪصıʺͷȻҪ뵽ЧãҶʱȣû̫ʱȥ飬ֱ֮Ԫغȥ
صİɫصɫҶоԼ·𱻵ȼһ
¶ߣҶı徹Ȼе㿸סĸоԪصıҺκһԪضһԪصĿеһƴ
ԪغȻԪط棬ȴûʵʵĻ棬ЩԪر˿ֲĸˡ
ҶãƾԼصı壬ӦûʲôܹԼ
Ȼ
ƬԪصĺУˣԪصĿֲ֮Ȼı嶼Щסĸо
ֻǵصĻԪأ滹أεִĵĻ
޷ԪغҪķѴʱȥԪصıʺͷ
ȱľʱ䣬ûκʱ˷ѣֻðˡ
ҲԼСЦ֪ʿɶֹʵû취뵽Ҳֻͣˡ
ǰĹУҶ֣ƬԪصĺУȻһЩι״ɶ칤ʯ֡
ԽʯԽܼ˵Ҳֵ֣¶Խɽʯۻʯȴûзٻ١
תۼ䣬ҶѾɫԪȻûκλ棬¶ȴߵĳ档
ɫĻԪط·ĺһ㣬ǳƯȴҲΪ
ո̤ɫԪУҶƤĸоƺҪˮһ㣬ָоܡ
ѵҪֹڴ𣿡
Ҷвʡ
ϾֻǵػԪ򣬾ĵĵھŲ㻹Զһξ룬Լκεź
ҵͨԪߣѵ߻Ԫ𣿡
ҶţҪһ
һˣҶʩչԼͨȻԪ̱ųһߴ޷κ˺
Ȼ
ҶȴɵˣԪͨȻ˻ԪأܻԪص˺ȴҲԪȫˣ⻹ʲô
ΣҶֻóȥͨȥӲֲֿ¶ȣı嶼ˡ
ǰ֮ҶѾɫԪıԵܹǰɫĻԪڷڣ
ҶҧţһֱɫԪصıԵ
ˣ֧ţڵͻΪһѻҽˡ
ҧɫԪصıԵҶʼԪصıʺͷ򣬻֮ڷڣͻԪؾһ
ԪغԪغΪһڣԪغûзΪôΡ
һʿ˵ܹڵڶأҲǳɫԪиԪطѾǳѵˡ
ҶȴڵصıԵӽػԪԪصķͱʣԵƣ
һʮ죬Ҷûƶһط˼ãݣлĻѾһˡ
ʮУþ˸ְ취ˮԪľԪеĸ飬ϵĳԡ
һѵḶ́ҲһḶ́ʢҲ
ʮһ죬ҶƷʯԲԼܻܿûгԪصķͱճɻҽˡ
Ҷ뵽һ⣬ռ򿪣ѻԪռȥԼռиԪصķͱʡ
ռʵռʱȫͬÿԴʱµ뿪֮ؾҲ޷Ԫصķͱȫˡ
ɹˣ
ԣҶ˷ܣͬʱҲԼͿΪβôԡ




1599 Ԫ
ʱˮʡ
Ҳ˳Ľ֮ؾǺԺ֮ؾؾǳʺʿ
˵ƬؾеĻϹûж仯ػϹ
£ǻгĽҶǾͲ֮Ϊһǿʮˡ
ʱУΪľȻ޶˶û뵽ġ
׾ȭעľǳȴǳ󣬼һ˵Ǳܷӵ˼¡
Ѿ˱仯ԪԶûϹôŨ޶ܹĳɾͣ׾ȭķǷֲġ
֮󣬸ܵػı仯޶ÿʱÿ̶ڲͣ׾ȭʽ򵥣ֻҪȫĵͶ룬ͨҲɾ͡
޶νΪͨʣץһͷũʶǿһЩ
ƽƽʣܹ׾ȭӵ£׾ȭߵľ硣
֮ؾУ˶γһ׷ҸϵŨΧÿ˶ƴ
ԪغУÿ춼˽ȥеڶԪصıʺͷ
ɵĳɹ̼ǣºλԪغţͼڶԪصıʺͷ
㲻ܳɹԪغдʱ䳤ˣʵҲǼкôģһ㼸ʿ֪
ĽҲԪغ͸򣬲ûȥͼڶԪصķ򣬶ǽѾԪط
ҲԼʵһ;˷ʱڲܳɹĵطϣĵط¹
У̩ʹħ˺îˣƵƴɱƼǿߺ
ҲԪغбչˡ
ţܹģԼҲһֻܹʱѡ
ʵĹһʱҲ˺ܴĽͽ֮ǰȣˡ
ʱԽԽˣ֮ؾжһִս֮ǰĽϢ
ԪغУҶͨռƣҲԪصıʺͷˣؿڸֳľˮ硢ԪصĹϷġ
˿һԪءԪصĺŬĸŹԪصıʺͷ
ڼ仹һСҶڸԪصıʺͷʱͻȻԼͲø
ոսԪغ֮УҶ㷢âһԪطĳؿڣâҫۣ
ԪصķķĹâԪصķȫڸסˣʾԪصѾﵽ˼ĳ̶ȡ
һǳȣ룬ҲΪ֡
͵õߵĴУҺ壬Ҿٵϴ
˵֮ĸ޳ߡ
ԪУҶƬ̱㴬е˹Ԫ򣬲˾ˡ
ԪغһƬҫ۵ʥ⣬ԪϢǳŨ˵ʥĻ°빦
ҶҲɵøпһԪصıʺͷ֮ͻȴҪԪصķȫ˲УȻֻǳҲǳʱ
ռڣ޷ôʱھͽԪصķˡ
˿̣ҶؿڴԪγһͼֻزϢԪһ㲻ϵת
ˣ
ҶͻȻһ۵ʥ⣬
漴һɾ޴ĲҶһ£ؿڶһֵĹʥġ
Ϣתγ̫һȹ̵ͼΣ˸ʥ֮йȫɢˡ
ԪصķڼҵײҶۡһѪֱӻԹȥ
˿̣˭Ҳ֪Ҷڷž޴ı仯˷·ŤһԪصķ򲻶ϵײ
һˣͱˣҶ˫˿ֲԪطײû
ﴦϽɫʥ̥·һŭ𣬶ʮص۷ɳ֯һ޴˽Ԫطȫ档
ˣ
Ԫزϵײ˭Ҳκβ˭ֻЭҶڷԵλá
ҶΧ̥ԪصķΪ˸УհԵķλС
Ǭλʥģ˸ʥĹâ졣
λԪطģء
λΪˮԪطģλΪԪطģλΪԪطģλΪԪطġ
λΪľԪطģλΪԪطġ
˷䣬ÿһλһԪطģԪط˸γһİԡ
ҶԼû뵽ģһжǱʶ˵ףӹ˵ҶǻˣԻĹĶһ뵽Ȱִš
֪˶ãҶֹιǰʹѾʧˣµĵطȫˮ͸ˡ
һҶ뵽֮УȻԭؿڵԪطľȻ˵УҷΪ˸Χ̥תš
ǡ
ҶһʼûʶǰͼΣֻǾ죬ܿʶˡ
ԪصķľȻγһȻİͼΣǲ˼飡ҶǾĿɿڴ󰵰˷ܡ
Ԫش˿ҶѾȫˣȻ̸ʲôӦ㹻Լˣ
޷ͻƵҪˣԪصıʺͷѾˣȫ߱һҪ
ಣ
һҶֱӷɳԪغ󣬾ֱ۳Ƿȥ
˿̣ѾһЩ
ԭͨʵһ㴰ֽһͱƣֻϧûȫԪصķĻ㴰ֽһ޷Խǵ蹵
۳֮Ҷû˿飬ֱҵĵԺԺϹ֡
ԺҪˣܷһʵĵطٻٵһЩ
Ҷû˿żɽֱ˵˵Լ⡣
Ϲһ£Ȼԣڵ֮ؾ֮һս̨ȻˣĴԾĵطĴһ֮£κζ촷ۣ
ǰս̨·ϣҶϹֿ˽⵽ϵĵս̨Ǵģеƣ֧׼ǿߴս
ǵԺ߻ܣҲ̨֪ĴڣԺһֱزʾˡ
Ȼˣ̨ҲôãΪ׼ǿıսҲԲڵϣǿ
ϾǵԺ֮ܵһܹΪҶ̨˵˺ܶ⡣
ϹֺҶˣŴʱǱ棬Ϊ£ҶԺϹֿûٸҶŵô
ϧǸʱҶûԺϹǻϣһһˮ
ʱǨôʱȥˣҶҲɳԺ͵ĳ̶ȣϹԾɶãȻ֪ҶԺĵӣȴ಻סеǷϲ
˵үﰮõģĸϣԼĺӽгϢΪԺԺϹ֣ͬϲǱǫҶڵս̨ء
ҶҪϢߴĶ죬һյʮ֣֮ؾȫ֪ˡ
Ҳѹ֣ҶǰԣͻƵ֮գս֮ʱ
⽫һʱɵĳɳĿãڱ˵ڶԪصķ򣬿νǧš
ܶҶԸ˶ڴͻһ̣ճ
Ҷս̨ʱѾһȺˣɵ˺ȻȺ֮Уۿء
ȻĽܺ޶ħҲˡ
ǶԣҶأǴ¼
ǿҶ֮ǰѾͨ۷˾Ҳֻһ֮ң
ôʱ䣬Ҷ϶ܹԪصıʺͷԣһγؿ϶ɹ
ǲҶǷܹɹǵͻ֮ҶԼųĺ׳
ѵҪս𣿡
еʡ


1600 ͻ
ս̨ǵ֮ؾΨһһ֧׼ۼǿߴսս̨
Թս̨Ҳֻ޵ļζѣÿζ޾Ĵ˵
ս̨Բ֪ʯͷɣƽʱУɼΨõʱŻῪ
˿̣Ҷ̨룬ϲޱ߶ѷҫ۹âʯʮ
ҶļҵˣΪ˱ò׼γԲκβ
ϵ̨һصب֪ж׼ۼǿԾ
ȻˣҲпǾʥǿս
ǿȥµǿɱȴǲĥģôȥˣԾкƵɱ
Ҷ̨룬ս̨Ĺɣң뵱꣬һĻĻ춯صĴս
̨ΧӰ´£֮ؾ˶ˣ𼤻ƵϽʦǶְصĹˡ
ħͷ˵Ҷܳسɹ𣿡
Ľܺȷø첲ƴħۣʵ
ʣȻܹͻƵֻǡ
ħ϶˵һ£˵ֻǵͻ֮Ҫս𣿡
Ҳ뿴һĻҶӵԸҲʳԣһսɱ⣡Ľü˵
ҶֻҪͻȻսɣڵĹѾؾ֮ǰĹˣʵʵķԾǳֲ
֣͹ɶֵĻмɰܹĽвסŻºʵ
ºЦһûڶԪط֮ǰɰգڣĳɶûС
֡ˣˣҲͺֲ࣡
ĽܿЦһ֣Уƺ˱ѡеʮǿˡ
ҲҡͷЦĽܵĻȻ˵㣬ȴʵ飬͹ɽ֣ĳʤ㶼ûС
ϾһԪصķԪصķ̫ˡ
˿̣ĽиìܣҶɹͻƵֲԸھͻơ
ͬʱ˫۾̨ҶϣĿĽ㡣
~
ҶɨһۣƽϲޱһʼʯϴԼѪ⡣
һƷʯ̺ſֲԪҺ壬ҶԴԴϵա
һĻúܶĿɿڴܹ֮ؾģȻͨʿҲûôֱʡ
ҶСӣĶôƷʯչҲ
Ҷ߲Ʒʯܶ˶ĳ嶯Ҳ̫ܼ˰ɣôƷʯôˣ
̨Ϲâɣɫʽ֯һǧɫ׳ʣ߲ƣޱȵʥ
䣡
Ҷ̨룬Ѫڣ𣬻Ѫء
˶ȻҶͨ۷ѣѪʢֱһͷھѣ
ৣ
ܶ˶ɫһܹɨһƬ˭˿ɵУ
Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿᣬѪʢ
ûнţҶͻҲǹɵĶ֣
ͬʱĿ絶ҶŲпЦǷ·˵Ҷκͽ͵ġ
ҶܵԹɵǿɱ⣬ȴһҲںţԼͻƵ֮󣬾ԿԽŰС
˵ڶԪصķҲûã
ԽԽʯҶ˶ʵԪ֮Уë׶ˣϵԪȫѨС
ʱ䣬ԽԽʱҶҲòͬˣȫϽɫѪȴƽɫתš
¡¡
Ҷڷ죬翪ٵһ㣬ֻϢֻǱ赲ѡ
һ̥ǰı仯Ҷ˵̫ѵˣ
Ϊ̫ǿˣ̥ǡ
ĿУҶ̥ǵı仯ӱϿǰһεƣڵı仯ȴǾ޴ġ
һ̣ȫĹѪ⡢˾޴ı仯̥ɢɵĹâ
ˣ
һ죬ҶΧ˰ԪصķģתţγԼе
Ȼ
ַȴֻԼֻܹܿƺĳֱ仯ȴ˿֪ҶѾԼ򣬳ɹͻƵ
ԭͻȻ򵥡
Ҷˮɰļ򵥣Ͳÿȥʱ䵽ˣȻ͵ˡ
һ̣뵽ʦ˵Ļȵ˾͵ˣ
ৣ
Ҷվ˫ۼιâһ֣ûʯȫ
˿̣һ㣬Ӳڷɢ⣬ǿơ
ɹˣͻ
˶ЩҶػôףûдĶһγصʱ̫Զˡ
һΣҶСԺгصʱ򣬱ĿֲϢ˶¡
ڣȻϢͻˣⷴʵ̫ˣúܶΪûͻƣվһ¡
䣡
ǣʱɫ׵
٣٣ҶĹȻǸ˿ֲ١һԺĵӾ
ңª˰ɣҶʥ̥ʱ٣һɸżһͷͻ˴󾳽磬Ȼǿˣ
֪ܲܿùſֲ٣ͻȴûܿ٣ӿɾʹˡ
ܣǱˣõ˾۵ĴУͬʱҲõߵĴУٶȥ̫˵ȥ˰ɣ
Ҷٽٵһɲǣܶ˶ۣ֪ͻƵʱ򣬻ήʲô
䣡
һ£ҶȻ壬ͦӭٵϴͨ˸ӨӲ˵ֺ
䣡
ڶ׽£ѾǵһĽףһƬγɫ׺
Ȼ
ҶԾɲ壬̹Ȼٵϴٹඥ룬ӽĵϵĵս̨ϡ
תۼ䣬ƬĽγһƬ׺޾׵ֱӽҶûм䡣
ؼһƬââ׵󣬿ֲ
ҶȻÿһ綼Ҫ٣ϲԵĿ͵ѣܹɳ治ףһԺϽʦ૵˵
Ҫ֪Թ֮⣬ڽ׵ʱͲϲԵĹע½ףǿĽŲ
١ѵôǿ󣿡
׺أ٣ˮ٣ž١ˣʥȥҲΰ
Ҷǿ٣ܶ˶ˣ٣ҪɱκγɳĻᣡ




1601 
Ǭԭ̿ϴͻȻȴ׹ɣâ纣ûս̨һµĻ档
֮䣬ڣ߿裬ڳڡ
ֲֿڳ˺Ȼɫ׷Զ˱ܣ±׺֮Уɽ١
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣò˻ˣ
ԺһЩϽʦǶɫһһæԶȥ
֤Ҷģһɽٵġ
ȻǶǵԺϽʦˣʱҲ߳磬ޱ߷ƣǺܶһӶûжɽٹһɽ٣Ǳɡ
ǿĽܡ޶ȾҲĳ嶯ˡ
٣ʵ̫ǿˣǸʥصʥɽٵʱ򣬿Ҳˣ
ȺУ˫˷ܵĹâĺ˿̳׺֮УԼ٣Ҷһϸ¡
νţǾϿɵģµԽǿʾԽ
ҶڸոͻƵøʥʥ̵٣ùиⲻˬ
ѡ˿ƣûóȻ׺Ǻһˣܿ׺ķΧ
ΪԼɽ٣ԼҲδػҶٸǿ
ôֲ٣ǲҶκγɳĻᣬҪɱԼкαȥ˻ˮ
ôǿ٣Ҷˣ
˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬ôֲ٣ҶԿȥǸʥ׼ģҶʥԶأ
Ҷӣס־ʤ
ĽܴΪҶʹֻҪܼסô࣬˵۵;һ·˴ۡ
Ҷ൱ԣʲô˵ʲôо۾
ҶڸûȥһεٷͬѰ֮ǰκһٶҪֲ
ǵս̨д۲µƱͿסôֲ٣ͱ˷ɻң
ôֲ٣Ȼ֮ؾ˶ˣԺĵ߶⡣
Ϊ׼ۼǿߣȻǼ˸٣ȻڿҶٵʱǱˡ
ҶǺηȻ˵ʣϲԶɳκλᣡԺĵ𾪵˵
ϣΪҶ޷ȹ٣ԺԺϹһɫʵ
ѣ̫ǿˣ˵ʥǿ߶ֲм
˵ԺϻһתҪܹͦĻɾͲ
¡¡
˵䣬ҶٸˣһƬͨʿڴˣĤҪˣ޴ХأҪضˡ
ԶԶȥս̨ƶɲһƬڹ⣬ưôһк£飬ױ
вٽɫ磬·뺣һ㣬âҫۣ产ˣƽ˶ĵս̨һ´α
ʱ˵س׷ڣȴ˶ǵ⣬Ҳû޴׵磬úԶɽڱ
âûдǹನͽɽݻˣڣʯƣâ졣
Ҷվڵս̨룬һϵսһ㣬ӭٵϴʼգûԿһ٣ȫ壬һϴˢѪǣ
Ȼûеֿ٣壿
޳۵ʿ׺ԼҶĶʧ
ʲôô񱩵٣Ȼֿ壿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ܶ˶ţǿ£ҶȻϴѵǲҪ
ֱе
Ժܽ´ʣõһͬҶǸе
꣡
ֲһ㣬˺ϱô֣Ť£ջһƬơ
ࡢסڡࡢƣ׹ȫҶٿʼˣû
׽٣
ǾɫԪصϲڶҶʵϵĿʡ
𡭡
ױ룬Ҷһ·Ϊħſڽ׽ȫУž졣
ৣ
̥Ի˸ԪطΧ̥Ҷ룬ת䣬׽ٷֽˣľˮַıøһЩ
٣ϲԶʿĿ飬ҲϲԶʿĶͣͿûȥݶˡ
Ҷǡȱľݵɹˣ׽еתգԼԪصķĸˡ
ž꣡
žꡭ
⣬°͵һأ˭Ҳû뵽ôǿ׽٣ҶȻֱӸˣѵ鱦ɣ
ɾͨ鱦Ҳסôǿٰɣ
ǿ٣˶඼㲻أҶȻˡ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
Ľ̲ס̾õ޶ʹħ˷׷׸͡
ģ˱˵ȻӣҲ̫ˣԺӲҽϣ׷ˡ
°ͲѾʣһ˼ؿս̨ȻֻģĿ׺ҶĴ¶Ҳ֪׽ٱҶֱˡ
Ȼ𾪣ãҶѶȹ١
ͬΪҶȹٵĿԺС
һ򲽽Ҷȹ٣ҲĻҶ
ԺϽʦһֱˣڶɽ𣿿Ҷݵӣֲƺκβ
䡭
·һһŵǾž٣һʮһףһ˾Կס
ҶҲҹ壬ϴεϴѾ̵һ̶ȣȴζܹȫվŵ硣
飡
Ҷʼһȭȥֱӽŵٴɢĵʣµϡ
Ҷüͷûһ£ֱӲȥˣ˿̣Ѿ̵Ѱٶ޷˺
ǧǵصĽ£ս̨ڲַĵĹâ˸
̫ˣ췣콵µĳͷ
ԶΧ۵˻ëʾԿס˿ֲ췣Ȩ
ܹƽĿ飬Ȼһ𣬿һȹѣʵԱͬǿܶࡣ
ҲǱ֮Ϊĸԭ򣬵õϿɣ־ĴǷǳ֮ˡ
䡭
һξŵ٣·ҪɱҶһ˿κδϢ֮񱩵ٽӵ죬ս̨ȫû֮С
ˣ˭ҲоʲôҲУȫһƬױĺ󣬹âҫۡ
ˣƣҶӵһʱˣһԽԽǿͦ𣿡Ľɫ䣬ΪҶеġ
̫ǿˣҲֲ˶ãϧҶ֡
ºҲҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ϊǿ٣ĵҲƽĶȹοҶոͻƵ
ٺ٣Ҷıɣ
Ц˵




1602 ɹɽ
׺ɣؼȫ񱩵ռݣԶΧ۵һˣմȾϰ㡣
Ҷϥüѿâһɵӡɳ̥һɽ١
ҶҪǿԼȻŹκһܹԼǿĻᣬȻֲûֿܵĳ̶ȡ
䣡
ˮٽ䣬пٵصϢҶһ£ص۸֣ٵϴ
ȻҲ٣һ֮ľ֮С
̥ΧԪط˸γһİͼ໥ֻ֧Ȼһ塣
˿̣֮£Ҷڷɱ䣬Ƿǵڻķű仯
ÿһ嶼ڸıʣϽ㣬ʼϽɫɫת䡣
ѪҺͼ⡢ҲڷŸı䣬Ĺâ
ͻƵҶǰ׼̫ˣ⽫ͨ۷壬һԪرʺͷ򶼳ˡ
ͻ֮٣ҶҪλᣬһٽԼٴһ̥ǡ
ܹأǲʵġ
ΪôʱѾǳ˽⣬ÿͻһأǿȶʮȻˣѶҲʮ
ܹؾѾǳˣһѭ򽥽Ḷ́һ͡
¡¡
ʱûǳΨããһƬ׺ʵĺӿꡣ
ٻڳҲǿԺĸԺϹֶеսľ
ˣ
޾׽ں֮ؾеɽ޲ڲԶɽ屻ನıعѣٵĲӡ
֮£ĺһѳΪ˻ҽټȥˡ
Զÿһ˶Ȼð亹͸ˣϲ֮ͨܶԿġ
޶̩ħӵȶеĺ٣ʿס
ʱ˿̣Ҳɫˣ
ΪҶٳ񱩵٣ڵҲմȾԿȥ
ҲһЩο壬ΪԼȥ٣Ҷ϶ҲȥȻǻҷûκʡ
ϧˡ
ãҶ̫ˣڽսУһὫҶŰУԱ֮ǰ»ʳս̨ϱŰ֮ܡ
ֲ̫ˣ٣ûмʿܿסοǸͻƵҶ
ԺϽʦǷ׷ҡͷ̾Ҷνžޣȴʣͽʥ̵٣Ҫɱ
ˣ
ĽܵʧɫҲΪҲܶȹ˿ֲˡ

Ժ̾˿ҶĪĦȥŶһĽǽԿɱﵣҲҪȶȹǰٲУΪֿԲ
˶Ϊˣܶȹֲ٣بǹ֮ʱҲûֲ١
޷ͦ
˿̣Ҷ׺룬ɫƽǸҲûаη壬ӭٵϴ
̥ׯ£ԪصķŻתԪطţǹâɡ
ɵӡ׺г
ҶȫٵĿ飬ʼһЩɱ䣬ϽɫĹԽԽ࣬ɢĽ⡣
֮ζں׳
ÿһٶǿֲģͨʿ˵ģ޾Ļ֮УҲ̺
ǹƽģ췣һ˵ʵͬʱҲԲ᲻һ˿
Ҷץסһ˿徧Өһ㣬ʮѨУ̥Ӱ̬죬ȴһĶҶ
ںҶʮ̥Ӱ·оΪ
һĻ𺳣ϧû˿ΨҶԼܹ֪ʶϿһɫַ·ǳһ㣬˸صĹâ
䣡
ٸˣ١׽١١ˮ١
췣ǵأȫ
ؼããһƬ֮⣬ʲôˣʿ۶òԷ˵ʲô
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
˵ǿ٣мܿùȥҶȻͻԶɲ٣ͽ͵ġ
һʱ䣬ķ޾ʯȻĽźԺܶϽʦڸп
ȺУ¶˵Цݣ춼ڣǿǿù
Ȼ
ʱһһεĹȥ˵˼ʼˣ
ΪΪ˿һʿʵ;Ƿһ£ʿ٣ʿˣûĿ꣬Ȼͻɢ
ֱڣٶûʧԽԽǿͱҶţȻֶ֪ܼãѾȫˡ
ԣһĳرܹ٣ͦôʱ䣡
ؽš
ϣҶɽٳɹΪԤʾҶѾսԼСʵԶԶر˦ˡ
һȻʵҲ˾޴ı仯Ծ޷Ҷȡ
αѡеʮУǵ׵Ĵڣʮӣûһ
ߣлûг˯ĵ۱Ȼ԰ˣһ˵
ѽҶϻоأ⵽شǱϾҲǴ۵ĵ۱϶ˣ
˹ɵĻܶ˶һȻӣҶ֮ܿסֲ٣ʮ֮˾ǵڵ۱ڣ
һʱȥˣԾûʧңػˮȽףȺһ˵ľڿٵء
ػˮת·ҪٵأٳһµһҶм䡣
Ҷ˿壬̥ڵʶΨΪΨһ׺룬ٵĿ顣
𡭡
Ҷһſڽ׺ڣĹáอѪӳյһƬͨ
ҶԤеٿҪˣ˿Ҳ̥ǵĹؼʱ̣ٵɱ䡣
ʱĹȫ˽ɫ貣ѪҺ;硢ɫƤ䣬¶ͭɫĽɫ
񱩵ٴݻɽս̨ΧݲеĲˣǹѵĴأ
Ψеս̨ڴƵı£ûκܹٵν㡣
ͻȻȥҲͻȻղŻ׺ŰգۼʧӰ٣ջָʣ
Ҷѻһڵս̨ϣ·һһ㣬įѩ
ʲôȻͦˣ
̫˼ˣ
Ҫ찡ôֲٶûκε
ҶȻƽĶȹ٣˶ˣһĲ˼飬˭û뵽վȻĿٵĿʡ
Ҷ̫ǿˣ
Ľ߬ȭͷݺݻӶ£˷ܲѣǸоԼڶȹ˼µ١
ͦˡ
Żº˵һ䣬˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ӹȻɾ;Բ
Ժĵ϶ˣû뵽ҶȻĿסôֲ٣ҿȥʮɣ




1603 ɣһս
ս̨ϣҶȻͦɽ侢һ㣬ӭԸĿ⣡
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼܹͦ٣ʽ̤סʿĿ
һʱ䣬۳мžľһƬسûһǻڸղǺ嫵׺¡¡֮С
Ҷ˵׳һʯĬĬȹ̸ոͻƵľ硣
Ȼ
еȵǣȻոͻƵѾǳȹˣͲҪٴȹ̡
һ˼ҶеԵɡûͻƵ֮ǰѾ׼γ˷ḻľ顣
һΣͻˮɣԪصķȫѾ߱Ҫ
Ҷϥ˲䣬ԶΧ۵۷׷ףǰһС
ôǿ٣ʥ˶ܿҶͲܻ
ȻʵȴǣҶҳɹͻסĿ飬ʵ֮ǰʵ
ҶӴѲк󸣡
Ľŵһڷ
Ҷ֮Ľ鲻жãȴһʵĸоټҶͺˡ˾˵ĹϵͽҶֵܡ
޶̩ҲһǺҶνǲʶ˴֮ǴĽ飬һĸо
Żº˻ʵ˵ͷЦҶɹɹ٣ֶ֮һǿߣ廹һս
ΪӣǺ͹ɲͬؿԲʼκˣǵõԼ׵ػµĴ黳
ģ
ħĻӶȭͷԭѾκϣˣû뵽ҶȻͦôѵ٣ɾ;Բ
𣡡
ֳ飬һţһƽûа˷֮ɫ
ңα
ħ·ԩҶͷһôҪ䣬񲻷ͻһ
ãһҲΪԴħֱ˸ӣƣ·һȭڿһûа㷴Ӧ
Ժĵ鸴ӣǾԸ⿴Ҷ𣬵Ϊδ룬Ҷһ˶ǰҲãԼֱ͵塣
ԺʦҶܹͦ٣еǳ⡣
οҶûһ
ǿҶܹɶɹôǿ٣ֱҪ죡
ߣŵ۱ıŶɹİˣΪ棡
ЦҶƾʵɶȹûаնɹ١
ţ
ɴһõ˺ܶ˵ͬܶ˶ΪҶܹ֮٣ȻǶ˵۱Եʡ
ʱؼ䶼ǿ񱩵׺âҫۣ޳Ҳ׺оʲô£ԣĿܾҶ˵۱
һǼᶨԼĲ²⣬ǾҶֲ̫ˣͲڸе٣һǶ˵۱۱Ϣ١
ƨ½ᱻҶӿŰĽһӲֱӿ
ΪŴ󺷷˵뺷֮ŨһͲʲôǵǵҲˡ
٣һ£дһΣһ䣬Ľɨ˵
дҾ͵øд谡ԴˮˣģҶӻŰԸ
Ľ˲൱𣬱¹ܴܲùɣմˣҲܹҧԼһڡ
㡭
ɫһ
ʲô㣿űҶӿɣ
ĽĿ˹һۣȻֱˡ
·Ϊӡ֤ĽܵĻһ㣬Ļ䣬ս̨һ
ɣһս
Ҷ̨ϣĿһ㿴Źɡ
һս
˶Ҷ仰ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷոͻ绹ûȫȹֱս
ΪĳʶʿոͻƵľ粢ȹ̣һóȻ֣пܻ¾磬ʱͻˡ
ҶŸոͻƵ
ͻƾսڲ˵ڶԪطĹɣ治֪ôģҲӦȹһ¾簡
ҾȻҶ˵Ҫھսŵӣһ𣿡
۷׷ףҶʵ̫ˡ
Ҷӣ㡭
Ľܴ󼱣֪ɵĿֲºλӶ̾硣
ԭΪҶṮ˾սɵġ
ô£
޶̩Ҳе⣬ҶҪֳŵսɣҲڹ˾֮źãսѵаսʤ
ԺĵҲסˣҶĪǷˣոնɹ٣ƨɻûؾҪսɣ
Ҫ֪ΪŵӣѾõ˹ŵ۵ȫУǷȱĲǻʵѡ
һУԪغ˵ڶԪصʵνǣͬΪӵº˶˵սʤҶƾʲô
ԺϽʦҲˣǲҶǿǿҲҪһѭ򽥽Ḷ́
ΨеԺĵһĿ⣬û˵ʲô·Ҷսһ
һϲƺԼĶ䣬ҶȻʱսԼС棬Űʲô
ô˵ҶֻǸոͻƵѣһϤҲȹ̣սɣ϶ᱻڵľ磬һึ֮
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼ̨ϵҶ̨µĹϣ²ɻηӦ
̨£ҲЩȻ
Ҳû뵽ҶոͻƵûȹ̾Լս
ҶС֣ΪͻͿսˣǲ֪ߵغһŰһ
ݵľ֮󣬹̲סЦЦ
ϻ˵һս
̨ϣҶӸµؿŹɣ·ڸϡ
Ȼȡ裬ھͳȫ㣡Ҷͻùͷаð
˭ȡ裬¶ԻΪʱ磡
ҶǿƻӦϣ쳹ս̨
٣ϣֹ㻹ڵţ
˵һ·Խռһ̨ϡ




1604 
ǰⳡսʾƽ
ս̨ϣҶԵԺĵ˵
ãϹͷΪ֤
ϲûƴǣһе̨
һ˲ˣΪϲǷ̨ģÿһߵ÷ǳʵղ
Ҷ䶨ˣ
ǹɵĶ֣ɱϾǹŵӣҾҲߣƾʲô
ݵ𾪹Χ۵ĵԺ۷׷ף󲿷˶Ҷ
ΪǿҶ͹̫ˡҶոͻƵڣһ˵ڶԪط˸Ͳһġ
Χ˵ۣЦøãԼСܹԴݿ֮ƽҶֱӻܡ
ȻˣУҪǰݺݵһУԱԼ֮ǰҶĳ衣
ĽܵһǣȻҶ֮ǰ˵ͻ֮գս֮ʱΪҶ̫żˡ
ôҲȹһ¾磬ңҶ֪˵ڶԪطĹжֲºλӶ˵սʤҶ
Ȼ
˵ʲôѾˣѾ̨ҵԺҲӦⳡսѾǰ϶飬޷ˡ
˸˼ȴһΪҶǹɶֵʱսʼˣ
Ϸ·һһվм䣬һʼɣҲȥ˯

һүҲ̫ˣʱȻ˯ǿ˺쳾
Ȼ
ûû뵽ǣսʼ֮󣬾Ȼľ˵ߵ̨ıԵһʯͷϴ˯
үӣⳡսأô˯ˣĽսгʲô⣬æ˵
شȴ˾ȵϷ·𳹵˯ˡ
֮£ԺĸԺϹֱƳݴһְ˵սͬʱලˣⷢʲô⡣
ৣ
뿪˲䣬ɹʩչͼΪǿҶԼ֮ڣԼڲ֮ء
䣡
ڹչͬʱҶҲſˣԪصķ˲ſתݣ˸ŵĹâ
ȻֹâַıǿģΨҶܿ򣬰
˵صһ𣬹ɵҶȥҶͬɰڡ
˵໥۵Ĺâˣ˭Ҳû뵽һʼƴ
ҶʩչٶȣһҲȹҲ൱ӣֳһƬ
һʼƴҪ𣿡
ԣҶǿȻܹ͹ɵֲ£
⡭ôܣ
Χ۵۷׷ףҶֳе𾪣
û
𾪣
ϾڣԪط򣬲Ҫ˵һʿһڵʿû˵Աǿ
ҶոͻƵͿԿɵ򡭡
ܲ𾪣
Щڵ֮ؾѧϰĵԺӣĽܵҲǳԾѡ
ҶͻǿҲû뵽Ȼǿֵز
𾪹󣬿ĽܵŵȽˣҶܹƴв·磬ʵȹɲ١
ֻǡ
ܿ죬ǵٴα𾪵ռݣ
Ϊ
ɫͨ죬ȻвҶļ
ҶһֱǳƽϹŵЦݣƺûȫȴɵѹˡ
ô
һͬʱһɲĸоӿͷѵԼСܸҶ
ܣԲܣ
ʹҡҡͷԺҵ뷨˦ȥţԼС治ܵģһܽҶܣסԼλá
⡭
ԺϽʦҲˣʹ۾ԼˡҶǸոͻѣղŻ̨϶ɽأһת۹ȻѹǿĹɣ
⡭СӼֱǹ̥еĹ̥
½ϹҲǾĿɿڴЦѡ
ͬʱԭ˯ϣ΢΢˯ۣضҶ˼ʲô
ôôǿ
𾪵ԸӣԼǳţΪҶոͻƣþԲԼʵȴҶѹ޷ܡ
ûʲôܣ
Ҷ˵Լǳģ˰ԪرʺͷγɵǰǾԵķûʲôܹǿ
Ȼھϱ߳һС磬Ԫرʺͷϣ޷Ტۣ
Ҷӣģ
ҶĻĽʹӻȭͷǴ˼Ѫһ㼤
û뵽ͻƺȻǿز
ħһ˿ĹâҶռϷ磬𺳲ѣͬʱҲЩ˷ܡ
ΪαѡеʮУ˶Ӳ֮⣬Թɺ͹Ҳð
ºо˸ĿǰҶ㲻ʤҲԲܣԿռϷ磬Ѿǳˣ
Ͼ˵ڶԪطǳǿ󣬾Ƕ޷⣡
ҵǷ򣬾Բܱѹƣ
һŭȼܻ棬ƣǿ
ѹֹôǿȻ˷Ԫصķγ˶еķ򡣡
Ҷˣųǿ˶ճɽٻҡ
ɲǹŵӣʺԶƿֲȻγһ֮Ԫط򣬽Լɷ򣡡
ԭ˶ҶչֳĿɿڴڵ֪ɵȻǴ˵ǿļ֮һķʱٴηˣһ۷׷ס
Ȼ
ܿ죬ǵȻֹ
ΪɵķȻκβҶɴƣ
⡭
ֱţκβ򣬷һƳˣ
Ҷ˾ʲô򣬾Ȼǿ󣿣
һĻ𾪵ԸӣսĵԺԺϹֶһ±ƣʵڲ²Ҷ򾿾ʲô
ԺҲһ
Ϊبû˽Ԫȫ򣬸˵ˣ




1605 
ս̨ΧһƬţ˶ͣӵһء
ȫҶֳʵˣǸոͻƵȻܹһ˵ڶԪطĵӣλð㲻˼顣
ɸɫ̨֮࣬ǰΪԼŰҶȻһֲŷ֣Ҷǿץ
˻ûдлعʱҶһ°͵Ķ
̨ϣҶ˵ȥƺûаⳡսϣڼԼͻʵ
̼ù˲ˣ
ΪҶڸҾţ㹥ҺΣ
ΪŵӣߵﶼǱ޺͹⻷ţʲôʱӹ
οľҶߣԪط򣿣

һ̣ɳץҧڸԼķʩչ£ݺݵҶײȥ
ԼƲҶ
䣡
һ̣ײһ𣬷ĺâ·һС̫ըһ㣬ֲմɸӣǺڶ
ȻҶһ£طûתΡ
찡ȫһȻûܺҶ򾿾ʲô
ƲبźҶľкλȻγ򣿡
ֱ̫ˣ
Χ۵ЩԺɵˣɵǿĿãȴԾɹҶҲ̫˼ˡ
ãҶӣô򣬺Ѿġ
Ľͬ𾪲ѣ˷ܣΨ²ҡ
̫ǿˡ
޶˫˷ܵĹâҶԾԾԵĸоҪԼ׾ȭܷơ
Ҫ֪һֳܣ֮У˾ܵҪͱҪƿ
޶ħӣ̩λӶԾԾԣȻˣǲɵԼҶײ
ӹɵѿҶǾԷûʲôܹ͸ȥ
ͬʱɫѿ˼㣬ԼƴȫȥҶײȻûܺҶŲһλö
Լֱǳ裡
ŵȭ
ɳ׷ˣƱҪƵҶ򣬴һʩչŵȭݺҶȥҵȭâ·ȼһϵ
ŵ۴ȭ൱ǿ󣬶Ѿõ˹ŵȭľ衭
һȭ죡
ҶһתΧĿγһ޴Բγܡ
䣡
ɵȭͷݺݵҶ֮ϣҵȭâĦ𶯣籩ϯķ
Ȼ
Ҷİ˿·˸ת˫
Ҳа
ɼԼǿ似ͨȵȣҶİʯ޷ơ
⡭
Χ۵ޱȣһڹɵʵ似ͨ㲻ÿһֶǿ
κһˣڹֿ籩Ĵ£ˣҶȴ纣ߵʯ˼ΡȻ
ҪǸ̾Ҷ̬ܹ˵似ܷͨȫ͵
תۼ䣬ɱ㹥УҶʼ̨ϣֻûκη
ֲмһ˵̬̼ĹɲһѪ
ô
Ҷ΢ЦվһȥΧһ״
㡭
ɱļ쳤ХԼչֶΣȴ޷ƿԷڷ̵٩
Ҫ⣬û꣡
ֱȼԼսħ٣쳣ֲ
䣡
һȭȭâ죬ſֲϢҶȥ·ܴ硣

ҶȻ壬۳Уǿƣһȥ
ˣ
ɫͻأֱ֣ӽɳɳȥ
ɵȭâҲҶİȫˣû˵Ҷֺ
ʵ̫ˣֱǾԷ
Ҷип˭ܹƣ

ɱˣľҶߣʵǿȴҶָֻܱоʵǱ
ҶɱɢǰˣҲˣղһƾͽɳ˳ȥ
۰˭ܸңղŷʲô
ɹ˰û˵ҶֺȻֱӱҶһƳ˳ȥ
ҶҶҪ߸Ƕ֪ô
Χ۵ЩԺӳ±ˣһлġ
ϾԽսԽԽѣοԪطĵӣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ԺϽʦҲˣ֪Ҷ֮ؾʱʲôˮƽһ꣬ҲͻƵȻܹսˣֳɳٶȣǸе㤡
Ҫ֪ڸûõʱҶԶԶǹɶ֣㱻ɱƺˣҶȻܽɳɳȥ
̫ǿˣ
º̲סһ໥һۣӱ˴˵п𾪡
ǣһһĶϹɵĻʤٸࡣ
Ͼ˵ڶԪصıʺͷγǿķ
Ȼ
Ҷȴˣ
ңҶողͻ
̨ԵԺް˯⣬ֱ˫۾ҶǸоһʵĴ󺺿ò绨Ůϴһ㣡
ˣ
Ҷ԰Ϊӽɡ
飡
飡
飡

֮Ҷ͹չⲫȭȭ⣬졣
Ϊа򣬹ɵĹ޷䵽ҶϣҶÿһȭɼ˺ȼҲС

ŭˣΪԼԪط󣬽޵һȴû뵽ٴαҶ衢Ű
⡭ŭ
ն
ŭɶýֶΡ
ǹŵµеĽֶΣûдﵽ߾֮ǰ׶ãпܻɡ
ʱ˿̣Ѿ˲ôˣֻһͷҶ




1606 Ϊֹ
ŵۣΪļλ֮һŽ˺ܶ
նмļֽ֮һΪľѧġ
Ȼ
ʩչֽҪ߾ʵУɸûʵֻط߶Ȼۿۡ
û뵽㾹ȻܹƵʩչҲ԰ˣ
һͳŭ𣬻죬һɿֲϢ·˸ˣҶѹ

ɲǼ䣬ɻ·ȼһ죬ӡɳһҶնȥ
ɱƵҪƴ𣿡
ڵʵ޷ʩչնֽѵĳط߶ģ
նųܹնɣҶܵס𣿡
ֽ¹ҲûԦпܻ˵ģ

ʩչնΧ۵˳ױˣżҵնʲôܣǰżҾʥʩչʱ߳һСĶֶɵնɱˣԣż綼˺ӡ
˿̣˿ɾȻն֣һӾ뵽˹ŵֽ
ΪҶƾż᲻ɴݵսֻܹʱˣû뵽ֳ⡣
ԺԺϹ۾ʱԲˣһǿϢѾʱֵ׼
ҶӣһҪס
ĽܴһĬĬҶܹסնһ
ΪľŴ󺷷ĽȻ֪żնǿһĶᵽɤۡ
Żº˻ʵ˵ɫҲΪӵǣȻԹŵ۵İҲ֪ն
Ψ޶̩ħ˲ΪȻȻҲ˹׼ƴˣһȻʯ쾪Ҷһܹס
޶̩նϤħȫ֪νն
Ҷȴҵģ֪ÿһ۶н˵϶аƿԼ
ϢģҶŶܲƬĻļ׼ԼǰͬʱһȭҶʺȥбؾȡ
꣡
ɵӡݺնҶ֮ϣ͵ֱӽһӣâҶǰĹŶܲƬĻļϣһĵۡ
ۣ
Ҷɫ䣬һѪ˱һʮԶص˵ϡ
һеóѣȴûгʤ׷վԭأɫһһһϣһںѪ˪һ㣬ֱˡ
û߾Ϊط߶ǿʩչնȻɹҶ򣬵Ҳǿҵķɡ
˿̣Ѫת֮޷һָͷѡ

һĻٴΰ
һνһۣǶ񾭳
һʼʱ򣬼û˿ҶȻס˾٣ɹͨĿ飬
ϾֻǸող绹ûȹ̣϶Ϥܶ˶ΪԲǹɵĶ֡
Ȼ
Ҷȴʵж֤ԼԷ򣬼쳣˵ڶԪأγɷĹɣƲ򣬷ռϷ硣
ʱǾҶȻھϱȹɵһС磬ȴûսʤɵĿܡ
෴ܶоѾʼҶܹսʤɣɾһβĴ˵ˡ
˾ûκʱ򣬹ȴʩչ˽һǣһ֮£Ҷƿˣһˡ
и̾ͬʱпԣڵ״ǳָֻܾаķˡ
ҶҲѪӿȻûбֱնУǿԾɽˡ
˿̣ɣ۵СֶۣƽѪָս
˭Ȼָսڽս˭ܹռϷ磬һֱֻΪֹ
ˣ
Ҷƽ˷ڵѪҲˣԪصķΧ建תš
һߣһתѪҲָ˲Ⱥ뷨Էȥռ֡
ɱ
Ҷ䣬ȭͷصۣâ죬ǵѪһɱ
ҶͬǿƣղնҶĴãҶ򲢷ǲɹƣֻҪǿֶβС
䣡
ִײһ𣬱ĿâؼϢų˵ȼգųԡ
˶ǿƣѵҪͬھ𣿡
ܣЩԺĵӶŴͣŵĿŵս̨ϵˣһս˭ʤͿδײĽˡ
䣡
Ҷһȭǻ˾죬صۺ֮ɫȭͷϣһĿâ졣
ˣȭͷصۣڹ˸·ڰɽһ㣬ա
飡
ۣ
ɵȭͷȴҶ֮ϣҵһ£תжȥû˵Ҷֺ
ҶȭͷֱӴӹؿڴ˹ȥժһŵʺ࣬ڲϵĵѪȥң

ɴһķѣҶһȭֱӴˣѪĴŽ漫Ѫȡ
ɱɱˣ
ôɿǹŵӣѪ˫ԽһУʱĹŵ۸˺ɱˣ
ЩԺӶˣû뵽ҶսɣվȻĽ
̫ŵĴۣ磬ǵ޵еģǧ磬ȭֻأܡ
ŵ۵Ѫ˫ӣĹŵô᲻ҶһѪֲǴӵˣ
ˣ
תŵѪķѱԴΰɫò԰ףѿޱȡ
û뵽սԼȻܸҶһĴܸС
ಣ
Ҷһﲻڹɸոոֱ֮ɱ˹ȥ
ɫƽûа㲨ȴ֮ÿһȭ֮棬ƺдг
ۣ
ûа㻹֮ٴαҶ
ˣ
ɵٴıԴɫøӲ԰ˣͷ
䣬ҴΪֹ㸴һɱһΣֱ־飡
һΣҶû֣۶Źɣڣȴģ




1607 ޵
ˣ
ɫ䣬Ҷ˿̵ƺ״̬̫ǿˣһ˲ȵס
ʵȻʮǵ׵ģΪǿˣеġ
˿̵ҶıȻǳ˱ʤСɶԾԲʲôͷ
㸴һɱһΣֱ־飬ֻ˵ˣ֪ҶĶôǿ
ɴԶ䱻ӡΨһĿ֤ɵۣɵɽ磬־Ļʲôȥ֧ţ
ৣ
Χ˶ɫ͵͵˽̫Ŵ۵ӣȴ˸̬ԣʲô
֤֮·Ҫ̬޵Уǵǰ·ȫһȭɱ۵ĵ·԰׹Ѫ͵ġ
Ժ
ɼɫܵˮͷҶɱΣбһ
ǺεȽ֮ˣ
Գʲôʱ϶һ񻷣߸ϣȴһɱüΡ

һХɽӣеƶ䶼ɢˣչֶΣŵȴʼƲҶİ򡪡ԪغϵĻԪأγһȶ
飡
Ҷʩչȭʹ򣬼ѹԵһνɺˡ
ৣ
ɻΪһƬѪ⣬ɲǼԶݳȥԶԪתŵķѱԴΰ
Ȼ
θʱȴޱȣϾֻһڵʿ벻֮̫Զ̫Զ
йŵڵͱҶɱˣˣҲû˶Ѫɫ
ܹƽõپҪ٣һжд۵ģȻ˼ȴĵ˲ٵıԴ
ŵȻ˫ȴҲҪʩչıԴΪƵʩչɾǲ֮ˡ
ڣѾˣһεĻӵйŵҲˣϾԴĵ̫ˡ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲͻ˿ռһͻأĳڹǰһֱֻ㽫
˿̣ɸոոûκηֻ֮Ҷץڽ
ž
ž
ž

Ķȫ˶ˡ
ֱؿҶһֻŹɣһֻҿصĳӣùԴ˹һذڶѪˮ
۰ûۻɣùŵӾȻ˳ӣ
̫ˣɿǹŵӣǸ߸ϣϣ֤ļ֮һȻᱻ裿
Ҷ̫ˣֱǻ첻ߣزɣŵҲմ󡣡
ʲôղҶѾɵ˺üˣͨʿ֪ٴ˶ɱңʲô
һżưոݣô˵ǹŵӣżҵڼԼڱ˼ҳӣżҿҪˡ
ôƽսɼˣñŰ
۷׷ף˵ʲôĶУܵ˵ͬҶľӶ࣬ϾھϱҶҪһС磬ڲݵԴСŰҲǻãҵġ

ȫɵˣҲû뵽յĽȻģĿԭԤ෴
Ҷͻ˾٣ҲԼСĶ֣ձŰӦҶŶԡ
Ȼ
ʱ˿̣ȫˣŰľȻС棬ʵ޷ܣ
ɣż׷ɱĸȣδҪ˵ȴңҪ֮أ浱Һ۸ô
Ҷ˹ʮӣʵ

ҶһѪˮС֣ɱң𣿡
ҶһϵѪˮȻһЦҿӲʲôʱ򡣡
˵꣬Ҷҿٴοͣžžڶ
ҶǹڼŭԼѾˣû֤ϣͷȴǰԼ汳ԼԸ
óȻɱµԺҲԼ
˭֪ɻûбܹٴ
ѾӮⳡսɱɱѾûˡ
⡭ô򰡣
Χٴɵۣǲû˵ĶԻҲ׾ʲôֻҶһѪˮҶӡ
ѪŴɽȫҶڵ޷κεֻֿܱİޱȱ
⻹ҶĽƾҶڵʵһƾܳ鱬˹ɵ­ǣõ£
أʶʼģԴأŭģȻԹȥˡ
һڣҳɹڶԪطʿ˵ֱǲܵġ
ʿ֮ͨͺڴսлȥˣֻܳԡ
Ǽŭģټʧܴľ޴ۣıѡӱʵ
飡
֮Ҷ֣һصĽ̨ϡ
С桭
һԹٳϵս̨һѽеĹɱڻУҪȥ
˿̣Ҷ־嵽˼㣬ΪӵС涼ˣô
Ҷ·гһ㣬ܵ˾޴ѹ
˵ľȣҶǸոͻƵ۾Ӧòָоȴǳǿҡ
ʲôҪ˵ˣߣ
ֹ˹ڵͷһįķļϣȥˡ
ȥսҶԺľѹɣʤˡ
ԺһЩϽʦǷ׷׸пһˣӶܹǿƣ֪廹ʲôûг
ԺЩһĿɬʶҶ˵ʵ֮ǲ֪Լ֮жô޴
磬עЩǵ̨ǣҶ㲻ϣֻһСݶѡ
Ҷӣϲ㣡
Ҷ֣ϲ
ϲ
ĽܵȫΧҶʾϲȴûһʼ򾿾ʲôڸ˽Ƕùء
Ҷ֣ԽԽˣҺҲĶˡŻº뿪ЦҶ˵
ʵ˵ʵǶϹɶаʤҶȴԾƻ˹ɣʵȻҪǿ̫ˡ
Ҷ֣ڿԳƵһĵһˣħЦҶ˵
Ļ˵һͬɶսˣһ˭Ķ֣
˵λǿɱˣҾͳ¹ˣ
ҶЦһ仰ʱһĵĴЦ֮Ĺϵˡ
Ȼ
ڲԶĵԺԺϹֺ͵Ժĵϵ𾪵Ըӵĳ̶ȡ
ŸոͻƵôǿǿս
ͷ⡣
ϣʲôûУ
Ϲķʽѯʵ
Ҳ˵׼Ӧúǰδе̥йأȻǿ󣬵º磬δ·ߣһɹܿĻ޵£
ϲȷ˵




1608 ս֮
սҶǿƻܹĻ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
˶ⳡսÿһ˲䣬·ܹɵĲҶһ
ҶûжͣȻҲ֪϶ۡ
ڵ۳УԺԺϹΪҶһסţԺҲܴһס´ࡣ
ڵ۳ûͨ˾סԺܶԺ䶼ǿģڵԺĵ֮á
ҶӣһȾư
Ҷ뿪֮ǰĽܺʹħԼ
ҶȻЦӦصסϴһ£һɾ·۳Ψһһ¥۷¥ȥ
һ·ϣҶ˺ܶԺĵӺͽʦÿ˿ĿⶼǳӣĽмʣҲͺ̾һ㡣
ĵԺȻԸҶǿƣ־Ժ㷭ѹԺһͷ
ȻˣǼܶ˻ܹƵģֶ֮Ҷһǿǿ𣬶˵ڱס
۷¥㣬ɽ紵˾һңԶɽˮһֵǸԶˬо
Ҷ֣˰ҪһУ̩Цӭ˵
һУҪ롣
ĽҲӭ͵ˣ͵ҶԼˣƲ˶ˡ
̫ˣҪ룡ħ壬Ц÷ǳġ
ҲУ̳ŻºҲչ
һξۻᣬ˹żү֮⣬ѡеʮֵˣΪ˸Ҷ칦
ǿҰɣ
ҶЦİǰ˸λ˵ֱӵƣһȸɡ
ãˬ죡ϣ
ħЦ̳ӣҶֵһ룬ŷ׷
Ҷ֣ϲɹͻƱݣֵȸΪ
ͷ۵ĿĽܶһƣһӲһǵľճЦ
Ҷֵܣϲ㣬չŵСӱһ٣Ҳһ
˷׷ȰƣҶҲˬ죬߲ܣһʮ˴ȫҾơ
ʹ죡
˷¾룬Ҳÿӣɽ亣ζֱ˺ŴԵ͡
پƺȵ÷ǳˣ˶Ϊʿ̩ȵ֮⣬˶ûһ
Ҷ֣ʲô㣿
ϯɢ󣬿Ľ§Ҷļʵ
ССչһʱ䣬һ¾磬ȻʱĻ͵һԼսûʱˡҶ˵
ҲãҲñչˣͱ߸ԽˡħЦ
صסҶֱӱչأϸԺ
ͨȫָͬΨͻǲݲ˽⡣
ѹкܶʿؿϣȻûеġ
Ҷп
ﵽ֮ƿؼԪظӵӦ֣ǿߵУɸԪغɵģֻҪܹƿԪصγԼ
ܶͨʱѡһԪΪԼͨȻԪرʺͷʱҲֻһԪصķ
ͺˮ֮򣬻֮򣬷֮ȵȣԪطγɷģνǷëǣ亱
һҪԪصķ򲻳ͻУ˻Ԫط֮ˮԪط϶ᵼˮݶ
Ҷȴ˰Ԫصıʺͷ򣬵ƿ˰Ԫأγһ΢ƽ⡣
ԪؼؼеԪ֮γɶе
Ԫؾͺǰ˸һ˴ˣγһޱȵ塣
չ֮󣬳ʵԶûƿһ־Է
ҶƵǣ޷ȥԵУֻԼһޱȵĹǣκ˶빥ơ
Ҳã˵˵ͬ裬ֻҪܹƾ赥ɱҲܽ˺ˡ
ҶҰο
ñ֪ڵ뷨ɣ͵ĵ˱ԣ־Է򣬱벻أȻ⡣
Ҷչصʱ䣬ĽܺӵҲѡ˱չأҲڶԪصķ򣬱Ͼܹ򵽵ڶԪصķ򣬶ǵʵ˵һ־޴
ȻǲʵģܹԼԪط򵽼Ҳһܹʵ
ںĴսһʱѾȥ˷ѣֻƴԼʵ
ڻȥֱ֮ѡ˱չأùһӻûߵĶֻƵҲչˡ
ԺЩҲҶ̼ĲҪҪģһҧгݵıչأƴԼʵ
һʱ䣬֮ؾγһǿҵ֮磬õԺʦǸпѡ
ˣ֮ؾȻʺʿʥأЩǰؾĵǺƴ
һ֮ؾеЩϽʦȴæˣеҪ߱ԡ
һ֮ԽԽˡ
һ죬ҶأԺеСǰͨһ£Сϴ˸衣
Щϵ͸򣬽ڹ̵ļΪʵҲ
ÿʩչܹԼ߳һԪطγɵİͼΡ
ͼλתγһص֮У񣬾һеף
ֻƵǣԪطĹâ֮⣬Ķǳө֮⡣
Ҷ֪ΪԪصķ򻹲ԵʣҲû취ֻˣһ죬ԪطҲԪطһâɵġ
Ǹʱ򣬿ʹﵽ۷ˣҪһء߾ˡ
ϰ˹·Ҷ߳СԺᳵ·ȥ
һ·ϣҶٵԺĵɫҴңеǺһȥеǸմѪܵģ˲ᡣ
Ҳѹ֣ƼЩ塢޺ʵ۷״̬Ȼ޷ףսʶͱڣǳѶԸ
ЩԺĵӴ׿ɼҶкҶҲЦһһӦ
ʱͼʶѾνĸ˵Ѿûжٷֽߡ
Ȼڲϣ֮սʱ廹ǺŽģЩ˶֮սֱ̬ҲǼ
ôˣ
ҶԼǰһӴϱҲװ˯ˡ
ǰ뵽һԼսǰ
ҶɷǳòҪܾҲڡ
˼Ƭ̣˵ɣѾڵľˣҾΪ㿪ԼලȥɣȾͷֺ
ҶɦɦͷҲûʲô֪ſ߾ĸˣֱȥ
֪ϴʱ򣬾һȺˣǿսòټ˴ĵԺϽʦǶĿࡣ
˿̣ܶϽʦǶ¶˹ŹֵɫЩûеӽϽʦ
ʲôȻֺϼһڸʲô
ҶֱȾͷֺǰٵԺϽʦǶһ




1609 ֺ
ֺǿģڻʵޡﶼС
˵ֺΣյһһԾԲ⿪š
ҶȻֺ⣬ЩĵԺϽʦǶˣ׷ײ²⿴Ĺ־ڸʲô
ǳϣҶȷǿ󣬵ֺУʲôΣնпܳɹ
ֺûκ𣬶ֹţڹ͸ɱ֮
ڿֺߴ򿪹֮ҶԥС

мŵϽʦǶֺſڣͨһԼصеһг
ˣ
һâ˸Ʊ׼ˣԳ仢ХһɺϢ
ҶУһɨԲ֮κη紵ݶӲĸ֪
ܿ죬Ҷ㷢һǿߣһ£޶£ȴɢǿҵ
۷壡
Ҷ˲жϳǿߵʵվԭصȴŶԷĵ
ڣǳ۷Ҳ첻κвȻˣֻɱҲˡ
С̫ˣȻ۷ǿߵһĻһϽʦп
ⲻǿţǿšɽ̾
˽ҶʵսûͻƵʱܹնɱڵǿߺ
˵ͻıݣɹΪڵǿˣڵĵӹɶĶ֣Щ۷Ȼˡ
·ӡ֤뷨ǿҶǰʱսչˡ
ڵǿ˿ûнҶдĲУһֱΪСģͬ£Ķ֡
ԣϵıˣûȶ֣㱻Ҷһȭ䱬ˣһʧؼ䡣
һ۷ǿߣȻɱˣ
ǿܹӳ۷սǿ߰ͬ£˭˵ʤ
СӼֱǸ࣬ԿʱڵĴ

һʱ䣬۷׷ףܶϽʦҶҰһȭˡ
Ȼ֤ҶܹɵսҶ𾪣Ҷһսбֳսû̫ӡ
˿̣һȭ
һƼǿ߾ɱˣĽսжܹ
Ҷ½ǿߣڵΪûκȫһȭ顣
ںЩǿսĹУҶȭҲˣ۲֤Ļ֤ĴۣԾš
ںǰ۵似֮󣬾۶ȭ˫£ǧ綼пܵġ
ɴˣҶԹ֮۵ķɸˣǾﵽһʲôľ磿
ʣ۶ߵܴﵽļޣǸӾʮأκǿж϶ѡ
ҶɱЩǿеĸ壬ȻֻһƲƼսҲǳǿѰڵʿͲսǡ
ⶼǴĲƸͨЩƼĲ˽⵽ۺʵ͹ɡ
ܶ嶼Լ츳ֶͨβǳѶԸ
ȻҶԷİǰǵĹͽ͵ģκι޷
ҶȴԿٽ̱ǿⲫķʽЩǺɱ
ҶԴݿǿƽЩǿ߻ɱ˶ľˡ
𾪵µľҶֵĶôǿҲپȣΪȻġ
ڼ䣬ԺҲڸЩɹʧܵĵԺӴϽʦֺҲ׷״չȥ֡
ϾֺҲ˵ûȥҲ֪ожΣա
ʱƣֺۼԽԽˣͨطǿĿҶеһһ
˿̣ҶƬ˺ϢĴߣɫƽ㣬û˿ЩͼϿһЩߵĵԺǳʧˡ
ƽҲûĵطΪʲôΪֺԺĺܶӲ⡣
Ŀѧŵɣ˼κǿĶ֡ԺһϽʦһ˵
һڣЩԺĵȫ˵ˣĿתĶеҶ뿴Ҷкα֡
𡭡
ʱһ͸ŴĲٵԺѪӿۻ
۷壿
ܶ˶һЩϽʦǶ⣬Ҳû뵽ƾȻһһ
жϣеٮٮߣҲǺֵĴڡ
Ҷոͻڣսʤ۷ǿ
ҶûпƵǿ֮ǰЩϽʦ͵ԺĵѾˡ
һȥǳͨˣò㣬û˿ûκǻȴ
ǡ
һϽʦɵõһ
ϹӣС
ɽ߲Ծ˵ǿߵݡ
Ҳе壬츳ͨˣѪ󣬺Ͱǵһ岻¡
һӣھƽʱ򣬳ֻɱǿߡ
С֮һ䲻ĲƼӵжݵ۷ս츳ͨ
˵ͬ£ǿ߼ûпսʤ壬Ҫ˵һˡ
һʱ䣬˶ΪҶһѺͬûпսʤοҶСһС磿
ȻֻһС磬˶֪ʿľԽߣÿһС֮ĲԽҪзɼǲܵġ
Ҷνڸոնɽٳɹڵʱǿƻ˵ڶԪطγɷĹŵӡ
ǣʣС˿ȹɲұƼСͲȫսҶвȹɸ
ԴĴϣҶţղһҲˣû⡣
ٿȻֹס˽ŲڴˣؾͷдеĵƽϣһСڵڷɿӽ
ˣ
ҶаϢϲжϣǿĶ֡
ҲãȻȻҪѡǿĶ֣֮ǰЩ̫ˣ
ҶվԭأȴŶԷĵ
ƽߵľͷСڵٶȷǳ죬ڴԽռһ㣬ܿɿ壬һܽʵӰ
Ųմأ粻ҡߣղ飬˷
˲Ϣ䣬˾Ѿӽˣòɼ죬ȴом٣ÿ£ԭʧٳǰдԽռİ壬˷ǳ򵥡
Ҷ´һ¶Էʮӣһò㣬ȥûκ
˫۷ǳһǿҵѹȸУЩԣһһǿƵˡ
һǿƵ




1610 С
ãĴϣȺɽֲԴ䣬ԪŨˮΧԳ仢Хһľ
һƬƽԭϣҶվţɽĴ죬ڵϵһ˱ǹһֱ
Զһò̤ն·ڴԽռһ㣬ҶǰԶ
ৣ
һֹסŲ˫۱ǿâһɨҶһۡ
˭
ܾöû˵ˣӲ·ĽھĦһ㣬̶
Ҷ
Ҷɻ󣬵ƽıԼ֡
⴦еȻȫͬȻһЩʶܹ˽нһϡ
ʲô֣һģ
Ҷܺ棬ǰûаǻɢǿ˵ûκ
С
걨Լ֣ȻĸҲһĿȻˡ
Ȼе壬ٮٮߣϢжϣǰС֮󣬺пǴ˵е
ɱ
СûκηϻȻֻһƲԾܹҶϸӦǿϢֱһȭҶؿںȥ
ҵȭâҫۣСȻȥһ޺ӣּΪȭͷȼŵ̫һ㡣
飡
ҶӶɫȭͷӭȥȭͷײһ𣬷һ죬ƽס
۷壡
һ֮£Ҷ̲˶ԷľսһֺȻǷ۷嶼С
䣡
ҶСͬʱ󵹷ɳȥһƽɫ˭Ҳκβ˭
ҶС˺ƾеĶ֣кϷˡ
⣬һȺԺϽʦǷ·˼Ѫһ˷һ۾ɵ񶷼һ㣬ĿתĿųҶСˡ
ЩԺĵһ𾪣׵ضǾãԼ۷ʱڵСһҲӲ
Ҷܹܹŵӹɣǽңȷǿʵһܹˡ
УҶʮɲվȣѪһӿһײбɡ
СҲòĶȥȻͬǵʮɣ֮߰˲վˣҶѷһ
Ҷ˿ûд⣬ǰСܲһ㣬һ˿ΣյϢ֮Ҳ˿ǿ
ͻȻһĵ쳹ţСը¶£⻪ҫۡ
Сɢǿҵâţ˫۱˵צڹ˸˸ָһߣɫһᣬһ
չֳСʵӳ۷ʵͷɫķԪط˸
쫷򣡡
Сһ˲ʩչԼ򣬸ǷԲף񱩵쫷ݻһУʯͷ촷ۡ
ҶͷʩչΪǿ˵õĹֶΣͨ似ǶǴҪġ
ˣ
Сʩչ쫷ͬʱҶҲſԼײһ𣬱
һϢﶼо˷Ŀ־ս
໡
ɽд޺һЩʵ΢׷׶ܣԼⳡ֮սС
顭
һ쫷ݺݵײҶİ֮ϣĿĹâȻȴʼƲ
ҶҲܣάͷǳķټϲϵֵС쫷繥ķǳ졣
쫷Ͱ򲻶ײϢǿҵĹâ˶徿ʲô
ЩϽʦǶϳɾ֮״ӲпڽмҵսɵĽ
ǶսΪգвп
ʲôôǿ󣿡
ٴζûܻҶСˣͣʵ
֪ô࣡
Ҷƽһ·ڵѪ˵

СЦΪ𣿾ҳ˿ԣҪ˵㲻һոմﵽڵϣǺһľ磬Ҳɻɱ㡣Ҫˣͬ£ͲĶ֣
ôɣ
Ҷ˫ĿտȻâս졣
ˣ
䣬Ҷ̧ԶСĹȥɫĴͻأ֣ݺݵĽСڵϡ
ɱɢ֣
ɱɢֵԾϢûг֮ǰûܸӦȸӦʱѾ̫ˡ
䣡
һ죬СҶɱɢֱĽ˵¡
ԴɱɢֺҶ㷢֣ʵɱɢֵҲڱ
жʵܷӳɱɢ˵ĵطκһ似ͬ

С˫ۼ˫ɫУһ˺ɫ˺һӣ
û뵽㾹ȻԾҪ㼤ŭˣ
Сһɫë䣬һµơ
󣡡
Сһɫëȫɱÿһ죬ĿĽâۣǡ
ȥâ˸񽣣ɱɭȻľ
񽣣ɱ飬ն
츳ͨǳֲѵֵͬУûжܿס޲Ľ󹥻
С󣬶һԼͨԪص
ӣɲǼ򵥵ҼҼڶô򵥣ɱӣÿһѽӵпֲĹ
һȣ˸Ҷ
âأҶû·һ˲Ĺƣһɵ
ꡢꡢꡭ
һɫĽâˮͰϸƥһߴգ޼᲻ݣԶ񷣡

Ҷſ򣬽żӶɫȭͷͶ㶼ȭʽǧ磬ÿһȭܹһɱ
ɱ
Ҷ԰壬ȭ󿪴ϣŽֱеСɱȥ
һĻǳĶǵĳ棬ɫɱնأˣҶȴʩչȭһȭһЩɱȫ飬ŽСɱȥ
~
⣬ЩԺĵǼð֪򲻵ǣԾɸо㤵ɱ⣬һâأɱޣ˻䣬׹ߡ
ڳˣҪ˵ˡҶ˶ôǿɱ⡣
Ȼ
ôǿɱǰҶԾϣӭɱСɱȥ͵һͿ
顢顢顭
Ҷ󿪴ϣһս񣬻ʥ⣬񷶼ڲ
һ·˹ȥȻǧնȴס
ɱñˣûʲô赲ĽŲǾԷİ;صƣ




1611 𾪵۳
ҶԼ֪;Էİжôǿ
޵УӵĳѪһĳطǿ֮⣬ûǿϳԽ
Уٴٴһ˿ǿѾӽˡ
ڵѾȫ˽ɫΨо֮ɫ֮⣬˵Ѿ˽
ڰľԷ£С˺һȭһݿƵ˽󣬳嵽˸ǰ
һҶСĺᣬϹѪҲУϸͲҶ֡

ۼҶ嵽ǰСҲ˲ò˽ˣһ䣬һʩչĽ
ûдﵽ߾СҲǿط߶Ľ
ৣ
СɫݺҶնȥ쵶һ㣬һնҶ֮ϣֱӽҶնɳȥ
Ȼ˿񱩵һԾûܳնҶ򣬽ðַתٶȸˡ
סΣҶһѪ˿СĳնǳֲȻûƿ½ˡ
䣡
һɿֲϢСϷ·ȼɫĻ档
ɫĻȼţΧٰɫ񽣣м䣬Ȼһģͼһֻɫںһڲɱ
츳ͼ
ֹⳡսɣҶľӢԲʧ
һĻĵԺܶϽʦǶˣ֪ĽжֲԽնɱʿû⣬Ҷܿס
޷ҶСһͬһ㣬ֵܹסͼ
ڵߵ͸ȴȻ⣬ҲʱעҶһһ
ҶŵӹɶսˣСҲսʤ㲻սʤԱҲӦô´ˡ
츳Ҳǽγͼ֮󣬷ǳֲɱͼ֣Ǳɡ
һ츳򣬺Ԫطûκιϵȴй֮޲
˿̣Сһս񣬻ɫʥ⣬ͼ֣һҶȥ
ϣܱƵʩչҲֵ԰ˣС·һ൱ԡ
Ҷп۵ֶǶ컯Ī֮С֪˶ˣڴļ¾Ȼı֣ǰûʲô
ɱңûôף
̾Ҷһչ׷ǲһ嵽ǰȭɱ
׷ǲ¼٣գۼ㵽Сǰû˼ʱ䡣
ǰϷŴĽɫȭͷСֻþȭӭ
飡
һ죬СҶһȭɣѪҴܣָȫѡ

СһɫͰһƴĲͼâţһͷͼзɳҶɱȥĻһ
ͼֲϢϵѹ̲ס·Ҫȥ
Ҷ֧ŲסˣǸϽȥưɣһϽʦĿǰһĻֳϽ
ǿļɣȻȻҪǿʵЦеش
˼巭ۣ⻹ɱвп䡣
Ҷ岻ţŵӶսˣеĻʧɾʹˣҲõ֪һЦġ
ǸĳϣǻҪ߰뱲û˸ҷ˼ֻܽŵĹעевԣƴҲҪⳡս
꣡
˵Ҷǰһ˫צ˿˿âҶץȥޱȡ
ҲһϢ漴׳Ҷƶȥƺ뽫
ƣ
Ҷ˫µĹâ˫һֱ֣ץס˫צһ֣һֱӽˡ
񷢳һֱӻһʧҶУص˲ͼڣҲ޷ˡ
Ҳ˳ĽҶＷѹͼҶ
ҿ
Ҷһ𣬱̥ԻǣӲſˡ
Ҷ̥һ֣ץУ·ڴһ㣬ֱӽ߰˸һߡ
Ҷ̥һ֣չȭһٺᣬСֱӴˡ
ֱСһɢУ˲ŻعһǰһĻ
ǿе壬ӣˣƵļҲܷӳ۷սҶһȭʦķʽˣ
̫ǿˣ
ܾãһϽʦŸ̾˵
Ļ˵һͬҶһֿ͸ĸоѹԽսҲԽ󣬷·ûֹһ㡣
ͨⳡϷսҶԼʵҲһʶȻڻڣ£ûսʤˡ
УҵýϢԺ档
һϽʦסˣվ۳ȥ
ԺһЩĵҲһص˵۳ǣҶⳡʵսҲȥ˵۳ǡ
ܿ죬Ҷսʤе֮ӵϢһһ㣬֮ؾдˡ
ܿ죬˶֪ҶֺɹɱС顣
֮ؾˣ֮Ľ̸֮֮¡
۰ҶǸ̬֮Ӷˣֱ̫ˣ
õϢ󣬿ĽܵһӦǲţϸ˽⵽սϸ֮Ŀɿڴֻ÷ĸп
ûҶֵ̫ǿˣڰò˻ˣħõϢ֮ҲĿࡣ
漴Ҳ֪ҶеĻԻսһӦͿĽһţȻڽĵĽϸڶһ֮󣬲ɵǲš
ǣ˶ˣǿӰѪȻˣƵļҲܷӳ۷սͱҶɵˡ
ʲôɻǴأڻŴѪأ𣿡
޶ɵ㶵˵˿ûԱºѿɫ
ͬʱϢҲ˹ɺ͹˵Ķ
С棬ҶСôչȥҪ˵һûĶ֣¾һǿ߶ѹˣǸô죿
磬ԸոճءָƲõĹ˵
˵ʲô
Ŀ˸ݶĹâսܣĵӰǳأѲħ
ҵ˼Сڣüɳʥǿߣ֪ĽСֳһɳǹż嶼㡪ԴУΣնɱҡ
һ˿Ĺâҧгݵ˵
һῼǡ
ɵͷҲ֪ô£żҺҶ֮ѾǲݣһҶɳܻܿżҴȥ֣֮




1612 ѹ
һѵʮλǿٵ۳ǹ㳡ϣҪ
ڹ͹ıιĶʥǿܳҶʱһǶŵ˼æ⿴ȥ
˷ֲû˿ӣŷһۣ¶ղЦݣ㳡ȥ
Ҳõ֪֪ͨһٽˣûбչأھľõ֪֮ͨ׷۳ǵĹ㳡ȥ
ͬʱ
УҶɽˮԴӻɱС֮ҲûƾеĶ֣ܶʵǿɱˡ
ţ
ͻȻҶԤеΣյĴڣɵþһΣմķȥ
ֻڲԶһˮ̶ߣһɫƬɢŨ߹
ǿ
ҶȻ֣ʵڣȻ֪ʲôֶΣʣһǿĶ֡
ء
зħȻûҶǰѾʼˡ
Ҷ˵ħûãһʿҪǿ̫ˣԼҲ깲ħ˵ûκӰ졣
ҶҲûд⣬ȫעضǰ
һ
ˡ
ˣ
ҶѾܹԸ֪ԷϢںƵȻڵȴһ·У·˵һ
䣡
ﶸȻǿҵɱɱʵʣҶײ
Ҷս˲㣬˫۱ǹâ纣ںƵ֮鲼ȫ
ৣ
׵ǹҶУԸͲȭˣȻȭܴҲܻɱЩϾ̫Զû֮㡣
֮ؼκаﶼмǿĿãԸŨòˡ
¡¡~
һ̣Ҷ֣ͻȻһҵĲ
ţҶǰǿͻȻɢˣʧӰ٣ҲûκϢˡ
ô£
Ҷһɻ
Ҷһ֮ڵˣԺٵ۳ǵĹ㳡ϣҪ
·Ϊ˻ӦҶƵģͻȻһϵ
һ֮Ѿ𣿡
ҶгźһʱĻԼϣˡ
·𿴳Ҷ˼Ĺֳƽٴ𣺡źκľսʤܹٻһʱĺƽڵĻ˻̤ǿǿչ·ȥѰ֤ĻԵ֮ǰ㻹лʱһսΪ㽫һЩԾľ飡
ǿչ·ѵĿǿ𣿡
Ҷо
Ϊӵˣǿն࣬ͨ˶ζʲô
ǿ֮ûд㣬ûеûʲôûУȫյģûвƷ˵ͨ˵Ľ
ϵͻ˴㣬֮УҲֻɴ֮棬ȥĻҪ̫շǱɡ
Ȼ
磬ûзչĿƼνǿ֮У
ȻˣֻҪΪﵽ˾Ϳǿ棬Ȼôǿߣһս綼ᱻˣﵽ߾֮һһսҪǿвС
ֳϵٴҶ򵥽һйǿչ·顣
ϣһصĵطֻԺ͵Ժ֪ڹܵĵطͨǿչ·ڡ
ԹżѾв̤ȾѪĹ·ǹŴ˵һǿ֮·
ͨп֤ɵۣ
ͨ
콾ΪΨһ֤Ե̤ܲѪǵĹ·
Ȼ
˴·ϻˣ󲿷˶Ѫ⣬ǿ
ǿչ·ÿһʱͻῪһΣд۵ҲˣȻڴ۵ѹ£ûܹٴ֤֤ȴǿԵġ
ǿչ·ĿԽǿ𣿡
Ҷǿչ·Ȼһǿ֮·Ѫ̾͵ĵ·ȴǿĵط
뷨Ҷ뿪ڴƤĹֳһ
ţǿչ·һǷǳܵϢǰ͸¶ԼǿԼԽǿչ·ȥһĪΡ
Ǳ˹ֳϣҶһ·۳Ƿȥ󣬹ֳϷе飬ҶԶȥıӰοЦˡ
ţҶһ̤Ϻųʷǿ֮·ǿչ·ܷѹȺۣ콾ʬ֤ǾҪҶԼ컯ˡ

ܿ죬Ҷ˵۳ǣŹϵʯ·һƬסլ֮λڵ۳Ĺ㳡
˿̣Ѿȫˣվڹ㳡ϵȴԺϹνҪ顣
ˣɣ
ĽЦҶ˸ккվԼߡ
ڹɺ͹ǹվһԣκ˶ȺȻȫˡ
Ҳ⣬ǲмںվһһ¶·͵
ҶҲˣʯ̨ϵϹɤӣɨһۣǶ֮ӣһľӢϣͨһǵĹ۲죬һ¶Կʱĳ˳򡣡
һ£˶һŶ´ÿһ֡Ϊΰźս˳ڶʵһϿɣ
˭Լӣ
˭ΪܹǬǸˣ
Ȼ˵˭ʲôλãϹֲ˵ҲһŵĲ²⡣
ʵҶӦǺΪѹȻľ粻ڶѣʵսȴ֮ס
һӦþǹżҵǿ˹ˣʮУʵġ
г˲²ʱ򣬵ԺԺϹֿʼ˳
κ˳Ϊ޶Ľܡӡħ̩ԡºɡҶ
֮ϹĿɨһ£˭ʲôֻҪܹ˵ңԸġ
һʱ䣬ʮȫĬˡ
Ҷû뵽ԼᱻΪѹѡ֣̩Ҳû뵽ԼȻᱻ֮ĵһλ
ҲΪʲô̩Һ棿ħ˳Ĭ˵
ܼ򵥣̩ĹʽڲͬԳ䲻ĴԷһֲΪʤ㣬ǵսʽ϶˽⣬ԵƳƽ֮ԣ̩Ϊһŵģʲô
Ϲֽһ֮˶ˡ
ȷ̩ȻǸ޸֮ʵսȴǳֲֶι죬ȷпܳ䲻սʤ֡
Ҷ㱻ǹĹʽܣҶҲܹĻ»ʳǴдǵһˡ
ɺ͹ȻʲôҲû˵ȴһ˿Ĺâ




1613 عԺ
ԺԺ½Ϲ󣬱뿪˵֮ؾ
ҶĽܵһһȻõԺĴ̨صԺ
֪Ҷع飬Ժˣ
ѧԺĸ߲㣬µѧԺĵǣȫԷѧԺɱ㳡ѹѹһƬȵʥǰĳ涼Ҫ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷ

Ҷɱ㳡ʱǧһ֣ǻӭӢһ
þջصһЩŮ߳ܵĺҶҰ㡱Ļ
һųϤİһźҶкɣͬʱҲмů
֪Ӻʱ𣬳ԺΪĵڶң
Ҷһߺ˴кһɱȥԺ͸Ժִڵĵط
ȻˣȻҪԺ㱨һڵԺһЩҲԺ˽⵽йǿչ·
Ҷ磬ϲ㣡
ԺüһΡ
Ҷ֣ԺĽ
Ҷ磬Һó㡭
ȺԶΪҶÿһͨɱʯ̨ĵ·һ·ϣʾףغͳ֮飬ŪҶ
Դ黹ЩģҲڻҡ
ֻ΢Цһ߻һǫѷɱʯ̨
ı֣ԺԺϲԺϺꡢִӥɵ˷׷װԵͷ൱⡣
ܿ죬Ҷɱǰʯ̨λѧԺ߲ϹлǶԼ
Ҷģڵ֮ؾеǶѾ֪ˣΪԺϺЦո͵һֻһЦ͸žͼ黫
Ҷúøɣ
ӥǰļЦг˽
һһڣҶոջȥѾ۾ۣȨǷɡ
ϲЦ˵Ҷһʱ䣬ֵǺúþһ۰ɣϵҵסлҪ˵
лԺ
ҶٴξϹ˵㲻Ҳȥ㣬ѯйǿչ·ء
ԺԷȻҲ͸ɢȥˣɱ㳡ϻָƽֻк˵ȺҶϵܺõ
Ҷӣһȥһ꣬ɰ뻵ˣ
˵һǰһȭҶͷһܱ
Ҷг˸жֵܣ۷ֱãǼǹŶԷڵ֮ؾеʱֺγǣ
ȻĸжûһӾͱҰʯҰƻ
ҶӣϹ˵ˣĿˣüǺȾƣ˵û㿾ҰζȾƶˬˡ
ѾĳĲ̨ǲǣ
ӶԲˣߣ첲ӾҪ֣ԼʯҰĶֻ֣ա
Сܵܣڻˣ
ǰ΢ЦŴкղ¶Цݡ
ƤǰɣҪҪɹǣ
ʱǵ˼΢΢һᣬüóͷ
ڳ侪֮⣬˭ҲĶ֣ҶڵһûٱŰĶ˸£Цݡ
Ҷ磬ӭ
̸ʥŮ̳ϵû뿪ҶͺǶѹ֮߹ʾףء
лл
ҶҲû뵽̻Ϊ̸Ͼû顢˺ʯҰô죬Ծɺ顣
Ҷӣ˵ûõˣĿⶼˣ˵ʲôҲòһ£ȥѧԺ⿾ȥ
˾ƴЦ˵˵
ȷҶĿ⿰һԺ¥еĴҲģ£ȥôҶζֻεķ
ԶԶԣҪһݣ˳ɤӺǺһ㡣
ģ˭ѧң
ʱһţľ޴ǴԶܹ۾ɵ
~
ǿҶһ˲䣬ʱһ㶣ǺһҶ˹һ˫צӼһâ
ǣôӭҵ𣿡
ҶЦŴһƣ˰ǵĹơ
Сӣӵ֮ؾҴʲôˣó
ǴצӴҶϣŲӳһ֮ͨҪ
ǣһ㵽׳ʲôôѹ𣿡ҶǵĴצӴӼ˵
Ϊ˻ӭҶӻع飬һҪȸʹ졣Ц
һ˺ƺƵ߳ѧԺĴţ򸽽ɽɱȥ
ƾ˵֣ɱһЩ޾ֵܿ죬ɽбƮ㡣
Ҷ֣һȥһ࣬ǿһ̫ʥӹ껶ƱҶٱʾ⡣
弴ǵ̫ƽӲˣһ岻سŵĴٽĵ̣սɱҪ˾ƸһƣŪеľƱ̾
ɣѵһöûҼǵҲǳʵģ൱ۡǳһ£¾Ʊʵ
˭˵׼أԸðɣ˾ƺįӡ
һʵϸ˵ûо̫пںƽ
ȻƽܿͻᱻˣµӰѾʧⷽزѹʿȻٴ֤
ܴΨһ֤ʱ
ολ۵ܣ·һ򿪣ɵ֣ȻڳĬȥˡ
ۺԼǣԼӰʧ֮꣬Գ干ͬΨһ֤ͳɵ
Ȼ岻سŵĳһΣջǱ˻ȥҲһս嶼ʧء
ԺʵڣʽѾûжʱˣжһֽŵϢ
ⳡһֱȵɽǧٽﶼ˰ǵĶ
ܶ˶ȶˣ˵һЩ֪ƵĻɢȥ
Ҷû£⣬ϻҪԺȥ̻ͻ㱨˵Ҳû̫Ȱ
Ȼÿζȵú٣ƺҲȶˣ˵ģ͸ƻ
Сܵܣȥ۱ܲɣүүҪ㣡ߵʱͻȻҶ˵
õģôʱˣһֱûüʾл⣬Ӧȥһˡ
Ҷͷȴں۱ټԼԭ




1614 
˸֮Ҷǰϲס
֪ǵõԺķԸʲôԭ򣬿ؽѧԺǿƺûпҶһһƬС֣ϲƽʱӵСɽС
ϤéݣƶԪҶܻɣϲƽʱĻоסΪѵһ㶼ûӰ
СéǰҶ֣Сéûκεƹ⣬Ψ»ڴϣҫ۵Сéݡ
ݴвʱĳΪҹɫ˼ס
һ̣ҶľޱȵƽʲôսʲôŬʵʲô֤Ѱĸף飬һ̶ģˡ
Ҷĳ뵽ž׵ҹɫ֮У·Ϊһ壬ȻΪһ塣
һ̣۾ƺκζޱȵĻ죬һһľ޲˵ľ塣
ãһͳ𣬴һĸо
СӣԼܹ˺һľ磬δɾͲ
Ҷμǰ
Ҷ˿ûбľŭϲһ
ãǳƺϲΪԺĻƺЩأϲһԺԺܹģľΪȫ׼ۼģƺΪǰʡ
öˣղľҲܵˣ˺һľ磬Ψгﵽ׼۾Ӧ֮ԴղŵľΪʵûӵľ㲢ûкô
ϲ˫ִҶǰ߹һƬˮ̶ǰĬ
ҶҲ֪ϲ϶лҪ˵ϲûп֮ǰٶҲֳֻܱĬ
ãϲſ˵ڵ֮ؾеľҶѾ֪ˣĺܶԣ֪壬ô
ţ
Ҷһ㶣ԺԺ˵ǿĵ֮һȻԼĿҲû˵Ƕ弴ĿǽĿʲô˼
Ҷתķɿ죬ȴʼ벻ϲʵ⣬ֻӲͷƤ˵ԼĿ
Ҿã廹壬ϱزٵһ֣ڣǺȻ۶ûн峹ײ˵廹дڵıҪģֻҲ֪Ĵڶ˵ǿĥʯǼǱв
˵Ҷ͵ۿһϲһԼ˵ȥ΢µģ˵˵һܴвӹԣҲǷǳǿģǿ󣬲ʹ岻òʱ̴ڽŵıս״̬ķչ벻вνǻڰ֣
ļܶأҲеһǻڰ֣֮Ի壬һԭȷµĺܶԡ
ϲ͵Ĺâû뵽Ҷ۹⣬ܹ͸͸ʡ
ȷ֮սǴٽ巢չԴûвǷ񻹻Ŭ˵ˡ
һǴôĴۺͻὫ峹ײˣǷ
˵ϲ̾˿ʵһԭǾǣѣѡ
ѣ
ҶһסˣٴУŵѡγǿߣԶԿ壬ѵĻֺαأ
ûȷѣƺܲ˼飬ı죬ǰɣʷϣκˣͬԿǿУҲǴҪԭ򡣡
ϲˡ
ɲǼҶԺһ뵽ĹؼѿڶǲΪ
ϲ͵ĵͷûﲻ֪ģϢϿ弸һֻɱ¾ıܣκɱĶ󡣡
꼸κڰңʵңÿһң嶼ͬԿǿС
ЩﵽǴʲôطģԭе𣿡Ҷʵ
ǣǿգ˭Ҳ֪ǾǴһǳģǼƻԺԣɱ¾ΪȤϢ׳Լ
˵ͬĵˣ壬⡣۵ĽɱѾˣųǻ
ûд۵ĳ֣κһѡԣ壬ǾϵͬʱҲѡ
ϲ˳ƪۣĳһ㲻˵ˣҪҶʱ䣬Լղ˵һС
ǰ֪𣿸ղⷬȥĻʲôغҶ뿪Ц˵
νʱ򣬸ôãϲʵ
˴£ôҶ
Ҳ
ϲͷҡ˹ģһҪȫԸɱһǿߣĵλܵвпܻᱻūۣⲻ뿴İɣ
ôأ
ôء
һһ˶һԼͬЦ
ЦϣҶɫǰڵ֮ؾУ˵ǻ壬һʱĺƽ֮ǽ̤ǿչ·ǿչ·ʲô
ϲһ£˵Ҳ֪ˣǿչ·ܣһΪصĵطһŻֱͨǿ۶߹·
ϲĽҶǿչ·µ˽⡣
һΣյĵ·ҲǱ֮Ϊǿ֮·ܹߵͷɹŻĶʷŨصһʡ
̫Ǿ˵Ŭٳһǿ֮··ϳΣһʾ޴ıء
һҲϲ˺ܶ࣬ϵģйǿչ·ϵģҶİ
ڵ֪Ҷγص֮ϲҲ𾪲ѣ
ͬʱԤԣҶ˵Ǻ£Ҳǻ¡
ΪҶب֮Ⱥӣڱ㽫Ԫصķȫˣ漣
ŰԪط򣬳ԪزҪԵȥֶҪϵĸ𽥽ס
Ҳ˵ҶҪʱ缸ǲܵģǳķʱ;
Ȼ
Ҷܹ˷һ㣬߳Լе·ɾͽԱȾ۵ĳɾ͸
ǳ˵ģ⸣УĻϡ
һҹ⾰Ҷ࣬ϲõ˺ܶϵļɣߺܶ·
һֱ׹ڶҶŸϲ߳ƬչصĶȥ
ǵãĶԶĵطԭĶԶ
Ȼ
ҵʱȴȻ֣鲢Ķһʿռˡ
һѯ֮²֪ĶͰˣĿǰڽĵطԺǵĶڡ
Сܵܣˣ
Ҷ׼ҹȥʱӲԶ߹
˿̵飬һϮɫĳȹںڵ㷢һľȥصţһ顣
ƯҶЦ˵
ƶˣƯʲôãҲϽ㣡
Ҷһۣȴ̵ģȻѧԺĴ̨ȥߣȥ۱ܲ




1615 
۱ܲݣŴ֮һ
ɽ󴨣羰Ԫӯһɽ籡Ũʿʥأ
Ȼ
ȴûʥ֮ӴһЩСţЩСһһ֮¡
۱
ΪȵʥظӴ֮һ۱ݣžصĵλ
ʳҲһǿ
۱ûʲôҰģκûвű֤˾۱˳š
ǬԪһ۵Сǳأ˿ڲʮʿҲ٣Եøưܡ
㣬۱ܲﰡ
ʯ̳ɵĽֵϣҶɻߵʵ
ԺգԭΪֱӳھ۱ܲû뵽ȴʺСǳأҲѹеɻ
ճ۱һӴܲȻ̻Իͣ˿ȵʥزŶԣôᵽһưܵСǳأ
ĺòãܿ͵ˣ
˵ΪǾ۱ʥһҡ𣿡
һ֮ҶʵˣֻܸߣҲˡ
ܿ죬˱˳ǣֱڿնϷȥɽڽ²ϵˡ
~
ʱأҶԳ仢Х͸޵˻ݴ󲿷ֵط˼ԭʼ֣۾ӵĵطеһſǳһ㣬ʵ΢
ʱ˷һ֮ͣ
ҶѰ۲һ£ȷǳΧȫƾʥʥء
ǰҲܿϼƣϼͨĻҲܻһ겻⡣
ƬԲݲǲ׺һڶѣͲۡ
Ҷ̾Ƭʵ̫ˣ͵ȼֱ޷ܣһ㡣
ھͷԵĵطһߵСɽһ㣬ǲѰǵ˽ǰҲʲô쳣
Сɽǰóһöӵ壬֣Ǿ۱ϸ̣ڲӡž۱еӡ

壬ʱ⻪һǰǽһƬİĿռ䡣
ɽվԪƮƣҶûɽһ㡣
ɽȪݱأ˲
Ƭɽˮ֮䣬һӴĹųǰεضȻΪһ壬㣬ϵ
ǡϹžǿ߿ٳĿռ䣿
Ҷ𾪲ѣ۱ȻǴֱʣܲһûָҲ˵ˡ
ʲôˣ
ǰһɽ崫
ң飡
Цݣ
Ӱɽǰÿ˶Ų׵Ϊĳʥ߳ĵӡ
ԭǴСˡ˼壬˼ǰС
㣬ĹôδĸҲҪ鿴壿ҶЦŵ٩һ䡣
Ϊ˷ֹ˻˵ңүүûĻҲȥɫ
Ҷһ۱ⰲʩνˣҪ壬ŪǴ²
ƬռԳһأǳԽǰߣľԽ࣬
ɽϣٲǰ̨ͤ¥洦ɼ滨ݣǡ
СѾͷһʱûлˣ滹Ӧ𣿡
Ҷ·ϲһЩǰЦŴȤ鶼һһӦ̬ȷǳѧԺȫˡ
ųǣֱӴҶȥ
˽ǵϢͨȥһ·Ҳûκ˳ǰ
Ҷһƻֺ꣬ӵţһһ޲͸¶µĲɣÿһǧ꣬ʷˡ
ڻ룬һصӣȻûн»ȴȻȻɢһλ߶еʡ
үүҰҪ˴ˡ
Ҷ߽˵
ҶүүƷ壬۱εĸΪҶܵ
үӺã
Ҷȫһë
úúãȻӢ۳꣬۹⻹Ƿǳ׼ģ׼мǱɣ
۱Ʒ˫ĹâһҶЦ˵
֪үټкѵʾ
Ҷ󷽷´Լλʵ
ţ
۾ҲҲ֪ԼүүΪʲôҪҶ
˵Ҷγɫʵûдﵽ֮ǰͲԼүүעǡ
Ҫ£һ£Ҫ㣬λǰҪ㣬ҲǸͲѡƷһԳ˵

Ҷһ㶣ܹ۱ĸƺΪǰģ²򵥣˭
Լʶʲô̫ǰ
ϲ
ܣ
ϲҪԼֱ˵ˣûҪͨ۱
˵ˣ֮ǰѾϲʲô˵ˣûҪһ١
ǵڶأҶʵ
ûʾ˭ҪԼȻƷ岻˵Ȼ˵ɣܸԼĻԼͻ˵Լѯʡ
ڶ
Ʒһ£˵ȴһ˵ɣ㴦̸ڶ¡
ã
Ҷʵںܺ棬ʲôҪͨ۱
ɣҴȥǡ
ƷվɨһۣѾͷȥ㸸ĸɣǺ㡣
֪ˣүү
үүǰǳɣӦһҶʹ˸ɫȥ
ҶƷ߳һУǳտʲôҲûС
վڴУƷɫ£˫ֻӶп̻һصķģһ
нһŻããģŵ澿ʲô
Ҷֶγˣɲ磬Գһ磬Ϲ𿪱ٳĿռ䣬ܹĿռٴοٳռֶμֱˡ
ȥɣ
Ʒ嵭˵⴦ռǾ۱ĵڣλǰأ
~
Ҷлعһԥ߽ǸŻ֮С
ݵ֮ҶǰȻʣһСĿռ䣬ҲǸռȣֱ΢
Сһ
Ҷ𾪵ʱһ϶Ϥ
ţ
ҶѭȥֻһȼùǰԶһ꾢µʯ֣˱ǵľ紫
үӣ
Ҷо
ǰʶ
סʱ߳ȣԴ˵һЩйŴ֣֮ŴתΣΪ
ݶ飬Ҷʼղǣ˿⼤
Һһ
һŸʴļȣһֶžҶк
ǰʯϰ˳ռȵ¾ƲˣʯһƬǽ塣
߶滹һ룬滹аƣһ֪˺ȾƣֻǸȾƵȴ
С
Ҷµʱһϵһֲ߹




1616 Ҷ
Ҷתһһ˾Ȼ棬ɫʱֱŤͷװû

־Ҷ㷴Ӧɵ̾һ
ллǰγһ
ҶԹԵóһһƣ߾ʾһ£һ
˿̣Աţȴûһ˵ˣкֱӵڡ
ɵˣҾ۱ĸţȻҲҾ۱ˣӦõģõлˡ
Ҳ־ΣȴûҶ˵ҪлĻõȵҺȼ
˵ǼȴȫǾ룬Ǵŵľ룬Ǻþƣ͸ƿ㣬ĺܺҲŵһŨľζ
ʮ룬Ҷŷ¾룬һŻһ߳һ˵ǰǺˣǰٻǰȾưɣʲô¾ֱ˵ɡ
߿һ˰־һֿۣ˿Ҷų˵β㣬ʲôҲ֪Լ̸ȥŪ¾Ʋˡ
˵ţ߱Ÿ̳ӣһҡ߳ռ䡣
һߣֻʣҶˣҶһԲֱӴһ̳ƣԹԵĳԺһҲû־ӡ
龰־а̾ⶼ֮ǰ֮ԳҲѹҶ䵭ˡ
Ҷû̷ȥǸţͨԼŬһҶת⡣
뵽־һŻС֪
סүӣס
Ҷɨ־һۣң˵ǡҸûκιϵҶҲûҪԼĵ۱͹似ģҲ
ҶĻ־һζԼܷ˵ҶعҵĶҡˡ
ǾҶ˵꣬ſڵǰΪҴʾǸ⣬ȱæžܾ
ҶҪܾǸ⣬־Ͻ˵ӽҾٴڵ⣬ҼڵκԴбȡãô
ûİɣһõ壬һûκСʿͷ㵱Сôƭ
Ҷɭû˿תء
ȻˣһеǰǣԸعңӣƯˣôãϾǸң
־ʼƣͼԼĹȰ˵Ҷؼ塣
ΪҪҵԴ𣿾ƾԼҲһܹپۣ
Ҷɣ
⡭
־û뵽ҶȻţҿҵԹһˡ
˼˰죬־ҧ˵˵ôſϻع壿ɣֻҪ̫̣ҶܴӦ
־ҲǾ˾ҵ˼붷ʼվòܷҶһӡ
¼ƶϣҶǱҵˣ˵ˣп֤
һ˫ۣջκε嶼ģܷ
ҪҹҲǲܡҶҵҪֻ̣ܿ㲻ϴӦ
ʲôҪ󣿡
־аϲֻҪͺð죬ҶβǾһϣûˡ
ܼ򵥣ĸ׼޵żң׷ɱ˺ĻֶҪۣضң׼Գˣܰ쵽𣿣
ҶմȾг˹ɱϢݰּۻۡ

־һ㶡
ҶУҶŨŨĺɱ⣬ǰƺѪȷ硣
׷Ļҿ°˶ҪˣǼĿҲ˽⵽ϸ
ǰҶҪ󣬽Ⱥĸ׵ȫߴĻʥһ֧һ֧ȫҪ塣
̫ˣ
־Ϊѵľء
Ҷ
ã
Ҷع壬±ҪҶ
Ҫ֪ûңҶҲõԺ;۱Ŀأϵ·ǱȻġ
˼־Ǿô̫ˣҡͷɣ̫ˣҲܰҴ󲿷˶塣
Ǿûʲô̸ˣذɣ
Ҷһƣ¾
Сú룬м㣬㽫ĵ·һ˳ûκ˸ٶ㡭
˵ˣǰҵǰҪ˵Ļ˭áҶӲĴ־Ļ
үӶˣֱӺǰʾԲκЭ˵ȥҲûãܰ˵̸
С
־˵ʲôȻֱҶˡ
ҶҶ
ðɣҶȻ飬ĸϣϾҵˣҲܷϣҵѪѵһҲ𣿻ɣҴ㱣֤ЩȺĸ׵˻õͷģһĸ⡣
־Ŭƣϣ֮飬Ҷɿڡ
һĸףĸҳֻҪĸ˵һһع壬Ҷ˵
˵ԼĸףҶ൱վɱڵ˵ôĸ׵ģΪ˵۱Ϊνļǿ󣬲ĸ׵ķԣӲǽ䵽żң£Ȼ£Ӧóе´ĺ
꣬ĸױҸƵ·ţ㱻Ǹɱʱ뵽н𣿡
ڼ仰һع壿ƾʲôʲô֪ҵĴڿʼŴ˽ɱңڵҶһƿݹˣǻһع𣿣
Ҷһ˵־ƿԣĿɿڴƫƫ޷Ϊʵ
ô˵ҵѪһ޷ϰɣ룬ĸ֪ĻҲعģϾع˵ֻкôûл
־Ŭ
޷ȡᣬȲܴӦҶҪֱ뽫ҶȰؼ壬һҶɳ֤ҽΪһЦΪʿЦ
ǰϣһ£ʵĸ׵ѪҵѪĸ׾Ѿ˼壬ԣĸĸףң¡
ҶһһһǾ仰һع壬ЩȺĸ׵˺ĻֱҪۣ⣬ټһҪ¡صʽӭĸ׻ع壬ǲعǸνļģ
С֪ǲܵģҲΪҵȫ塣
־ЩƣӼȰ˵ϣܺúÿһ£ʲôʱͨ˿ֱңҵĴʱΪ㿪ţ
ɣͣ
Ҷ

Ҷı飬־̾һת뿪ƬСռ䡣




1617 Խ
־뿪֮Ҷץ̳ӺݺݹһͨƽϢ顣
ߣǳģǺ־һ̸ĺƻ
ô̸ˣ
ҶһºƾƵʱ߻ˣһʯϵĻǣͷȵȶ͵ԶȻóһ⣬Ҷ棬Цеʵ
š
ҶͷԸղŵ£һҲԸᣬֱ˺һһƴ
һ
߶룬Ҷʾһ£һںȸɣ֬黨Ӳ˲ǵľգ˵оƽĹճǡ
Ҷ仰идһ߰ƣŻߺȱġ
ԪݵһοıҾ;СǱ̤ϵ·ֻû뵽ĳɳٶ֮죬Ŷ̶أͳ嵽֮⣬㻹ͨ۷ʱΪһĵһˣ˵ԤϣͻıݣŵӶУֱ˼飡
˵Щ޸п֮⣬ԪݵʱҶСһŲϺţȴΪһĵһˣ˵ȥ¶û˻š
ĴʱҲˣ磬ϾҶأʱϾӮЩǡ
Ȼˣ˵ĻЩ治ÿһλ۶Ƕһ޶ģǺ·һ֤ѹ硣
ҶȻǺʹȣƺ磬Ͼûгɳһ
ϣȱľţÿһʱӿֳ֤޼
ԣ绹ǽʺԵģǽ󾢣ǰڳٿ춼ûãЩһһӡġ
ҶȻҲÿһ綼˼£쳣ʵ
˵˵飬ҶҲЩпû֮ǰã۷ʿľͷˡ
Ȼ
֪Ǹ𲽶ѣЩÿһߵĺȶ
үӣҪϳȵĻڿһѿݹˣлľ֮Ҿ
Ҷ룬пѣֻ߳ԴΣˣȻڻ۱϶ǰ¶ˡ
ϵĿվ̳ԽԽ࣬ʮ̳ӵĳ𣬼ҶΪһЩ΢΢ˡ
ЩͨǺȲģһЩɢޣҪ͵Ҳôס
Щƶʥǿ·۵ʱŻóȵģҺ
Сһ˵˰Ԫصıʺͷγ˿ƾԷǿĻǼٵģ۾ʵ
ģ
Ҷͷ˵ǾԷʵ̫࣬ʹĳǿĹҲܴơ
Ѿ˲ˣ˵ǵһ׺˵໥ʩչϷ򿪿۽硣
˵ô󻹴ûмܽԪصıʺͷȫأ
ҶͷվԱߵĿճһԪط˲֣γһΧת
ಣ
ŵһָ磬˲䱻ĥˣûܴҶ
ף
߼ӴһָâתһνָâΡ
Ȼ
߶ݵָâɶڵʿ򣬾ȻκβչҲ
˵䣬ٴμӴҵָâһ콣һ㣬ֱӽҶ򶴴һСףߴ˹ȥ
ڵ۷ķͬУûܹ򣬼ǱһСҲУҪ򣬳ӵĳ۷ʵС
ҡͷпνǿب֮Ⱥӣǰ޹ˣߡ
Ҷ֮˵ǿҪȴôףٱʿҪѺܶ࣬ΪҪͬʱԪصıʺͷ򡣡
·ߣһɹ촫棬ֻҪ⣬ձȻܹ֤ɵۣսԽۣΪеĴۣ
ãҶܹ֮γص򣬺ԵԼΪʥ̥йء
بҪʥ̥һȫʧˣжôľžޣ츳ն޷۳ɹ
Ҷ֪ʲô취վȻ۳ɹʥ̥һǰ޹ˣߵǿʥ̥ĳ֡
Ҷ֮γһ޶򣬿ҲǺʥ̥ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ҶԼ֪ԼΪʲôγ򣬵ȴ֪źܿܺԼͨйء
ԪͨκԪضߣȻͻʱҲҪԪصıʺͷ˲С
ΪʲôγãпԼ֮Ǳʶ֡
ԪصķģгΪԵ״ԼܵʦĲ˼йء
һӼң涼漰ԷҵۺĻȻҲԡ
ΪˣȻԱĵжӣ޼̫̫ǣѧ˼Ϊġ
ҶںСʱ㱳аԵĸзʽԼȵȣֻûгչѣͲǶһҽǶһˡ
ߵҶÿɷ񣬴۾̫ңԶ֤Ǿˮ¶ѣ֪ʲôʱ֤
Ĳ̵֤ܹʱڴﵽ׼۾ˡ
ΪҪ׼۾ʵȥѰҩΪƾۻ굤Ҫõҩѡ
Խǲˣ̵ֻʱﵽ׼۾Ҳܹȥɼҩƴ˵еľۻ굤
Ҷ˵ҲĬˣиҶܳʱ䣬ҶҪƾۻ굤Ҳ֪һЩ
ۻ굤۱ɢĻǣ֮٣ҪΪס
֪ҶУʼһŮӣŮˣɵðһ̾
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߰뿪Ц˵
ţ
Ҷһ֪뽫Լ
ƽĶۣҶ飬еϲŮӴҰҺֶýˣ˵Ǻѵõİ¡
Ȼȴ֪Լûа취ݸ飬Ӱһֱ̾С
һܹΪ㣬ϧԼŮˣֵԼȥ޷ȴ޷ѡ
֪ϣã
ִҲĶ




1618 ңԶ
Ӿ۱ܿռ֮ҶܵӰ죬ʮһС
ܾûȥͨӡˣȥˡ
Ҷѹסĵ˼һþ۱Ĵǰȥͨӡ
弴ֺܻܿᷢ޴ĸı䣬ĴɭĿռͨ
ȻӡˣʱϷӡͨʱδָʵ·ӡɶˡ
һ巢⴦ռͨ룡
Ҳÿռͨ¶ǲҰĲײгԵ֪
⣬һǣǾǳµأһ۵ˣԴ֮һֱ伣·˼һ
ȻҶԤУµûôڿ϶ĳ֪ĵط
ƾµصʡԺ츳Ԫӯ磬Ϊһͻͽ
һǱڵĻһԼǿľУ˿ȹĵӲ
һֱҶ뽫µҵɱµصʵ̫ˣô꾹ȻûһϢ
Ҷߺ󣬾۱ָܲյƽæµܶ˶æŴӸֲĸϢϡ
һֱŸĸܳʱһֱæŹѧϰͼ˾ࡣ
κò׻һΣȻҪ㸸ĸˣҶߵʱû֪ͨϢ뿪ˡ
Ҷߺ֪Ѿ뿪ܲġ
ϣٿһС͵Ļ飬үүƷ֣ԱҲһϵĵϵԱ
йؾ۱ת֮ս
Ʒɨһۣ΢Ц˵Ҷģȴңȥ
һСô֪
ǸСһﲻǸ㣬˵ܾûлؼˣ㸸ĸƷҶӡ󼫼ѣЦ˵
ɫį֪ҶӱԼͬʱҲΪԼྡТ
粻ֹײ
ϵıĪڴˣ
ͻȻԼˣҶ˶ˣô治֪ôͦġ
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ĸףһüĿ̾˵
Ҷһϵ漣еǳ˼飬һС߳ĵӣûκûۺԴʵȻ֮졣
ԪŴڣʱոչȥѣҶȻһ·ͻͽ׷ϲԽʥʥӺ͵ǿˡ
ŵӵŴѪĵӶҶսˣֱ˼˲˵°͡
˲˼ǣҶľ绹ȹŵӵһС磬ͨзɣ˹ŵӣʱڵľۡ
꣬δ֤֮ǰҲԵһСĲɱһĵӡ
ҶͬԵһС˹ŵӣʱڵľҲضá
ϷѾͷΪޣ֤Ǿ۱󽫻δڶʢϧֹң˵ڻʱ򣡡Ʒ̾˿
ⲻҿǸҶҲкøУۺ˵ĴУе۱ܹ˩Ҿ۱սϣδ꣬Ǿ۱ɱˡĸ׵ͷ
ΪҪֹأ
ĸףһӺݻֵɻĿһۣԼĹʵ
˵ҶйҰףеʱ䣬ʿƳֻҪѾͷĸһֱܺãһһ㶼ν
үү˵ʲôҺҶͨѶѣ֮ԶһҲΪķչǱҿûҪ޸ⱲӶˣڼǡ
Լүү͸ĸȻԼҶ֮飬ֵ
ɵѾͷ˵ʲôҼв˵ģĸֵصԼŮһۡ
ǰҿҶСӲҲΪױȵǱǾ۱ŲϧĽɲ˹ɲǵͶʴˮƯһҲЦ˵
ѽ˵ˣǶ۸ң
ѵõСŮ̬ߺ˵
һĻԺĵǿǾҽϲɣ̵õʲôʱ˽ˣһǱ뺷Ů
үүҿû˵ڣҸû꣡
ӶȭԼүүвһ䣬Ȼ˵ЦҲƵĳ˷䡣
һ·ӵԼķ䣬ƽַСĿǿա
ãһ̾˵ѵҺעԵ޷𣿡
֪ҶУʼһŮεռҪλãԼôҲȡǸŮλá
ˣһĵΪ㸶һУ
૵˵ţ߻䣬ʪǰ·

ңԶһ硪
ԴӿռͨҶӡ֮󣬵ϵԪϡ˺ܶ࣬ȻиصؾеԪ䣬֮ǰԾɲ˺ܶࡣ
ɽɺѩأǧ״һȻߡ
ҹҫ£й룬½룬ƻãȴͨܵġ
¼ͣѰʿﲻӾͻɱΨʵǿ׺˲пܲµӰ졣
ߵһֻڴ˵е񺮱ϺһһŮڼ֮У
¡¡
ʯſݵ׺һįڱУԾɱеŮ˵鶼ǳء
ˣ
ԴҶռ֮ͨǱ㰴ҶķԸַӡ˿ռͨ
뻯ҽɱҲҪʱֹͣȴҶĹ
ǼţҶһ˳Ȼ




1619 
Ҷͨת֮󣬵ִǡ
ҶĵǷˣ
ʿȫԷϣȴҶ·һ߳Ĳš
ǵĴСȫˣ϶ʿ
Ϊ򲻴һǳأ˵ۣǾ޵۹ĹĻû˻һССĳǳء
ʢĳҶʼδû뵽ԼȻܻӭֵϣ˷׷Ϊһ·ֱͨ
ɵҶǣһսҵĲŶɱˡ
ԭʢĳͻȻ˥ܾΪ
ֹһңԭǿţԪҲΪƶһҹ֮串ġ
ѾûԪˣȫɵҲûκһܹ֮⣬С͵ʥˡ

һ·ϣҶԪŴϵľޱ֣ɵݸһЦ
Ŀ·ոշһȻȴ˷츲صı仯
ԭŶۣѾɢǿĳһ겻ļҸ޷ɿ⣬ԪűžǱӡ
ݣܹɿֻо޵۹Ӵˡ
˵Ȼûʥأȴо޵۹һӴĵ۹
죬޵۹ʵХӲ죬ҶóױؿҶ롣
Ծ޹ʵХ룬ҶȻܾ
ȻŸȥɭ֣Ҳһʱ̣Ϊݵĵͷߣ޵۹֮Ĺϵ൱С
һ£úбҪХǢ̸
֮УҶȥһһ߲ϵĺеֵĳоʿк
ߵǰʱһЦˣʼձһƵ΢ЦЩԲˡ
Щ֪޵۹ĻڳУҲûйĿ߽˳Ĵš
һţҶɳֺݺһգ΢һЩ
Ӣ۳갡ҶСͱʵ֮Ұ
ˬʵױؿ߳ãҶǰһ̾˵
ҶСݵӢۺͽ
޵۹ĻХҲ˳ۣͷʹڣлһ֪λɢһȻȺ׵ʡ
λǰҪɷˣӢʵڵ𣬻ǽҶɣҶЦӭȥʩ˵
ҶСܾͲҪǫˣȫӢ۵ĳƺţ㶼ΪӢۣ벻˭ƺˡХЦ˵
ûֵǫǽı֣ҶȻѾ򣬵ҲܽױؿҲñ߹ģŪҶЦá
߽Ĵ޵۹ĻХǶҶȡõĳɾ͹ϲһ˵ҶλһҪסһʱУҴ޵۹㷢룬ϣܵһʹͣ

Ҷ΢Ц˵ʵҲ뵽Ļʹȥմմû׼һʵ
ҶڶгĬĻشХǳ⣬ȹȫӣֲźۼһƨ̹
ʱ찡μӱʱ龰һĿѾɳزˣԶԶ˦󡣡ױؿп˵
ûʱҾͿҶСܽɾͱȻǷֻһǿˣĳɳٶȳ˵󡣡
޵۹Хп˵̶꣬ɳһĵһˣԿ
ʱŮ˱ߺȱģ˵˺ܶȥ£Ҷõߴе顣
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죬Ҷסǡ
һ磬;޵۹ХеĶ̴̨̳գʳǸȥ

ͬʱ
ɽһƬ֮бأﻨ㣬羰˲
һƬĿռ䣬ǳ嫣ıҲĿеʥء
˻ε֮⣬ҲһЩ뻯ε壬һˣһ뻹е
Ƭ嫵Ŀռһʥǣɽ޺Ŀеʥǡ
ҽֱӷս
ûС࣬ûҪôӣѹһУ
˿̣ʥģһϵĴУǿڿᣬˮ̣ĭӺɣòֺ
ԭڲҲһ飬Ҳźܶ磬·Ϊսļɺ͵ºࡣ
սɴһЩǧɳǿߣûоڰҺ֮Ĵսη壬ΪûҪǱд裬ֱӷսĵ̾ˡ
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ºʼΪЩ֮Ļƴ֪Ȼϻ̷ǳټкܶ۱һģľսԲ
Ǽ̳ʵĴؽ֪֮⣬Ǳв
ֺԣֻ֪ɱ¾κѺͶħĴڡ
һںĹȣͻȻѣҪҲͬѱݺǻ֪ġ
ԣºȱԣһ̽һ̽ʵ㣬һΪ˴ʿ
Ͼսʵ֮⣬ʿҲӰҪأ
Ϊ˸ԵĹ۵㳳òɿͲûߣ첲ӿˣĭ˶Էһ
ȥ˭Ҳ˵ԷҲûиջֻǿߵĽ£ͶƱķʽȱ仹ֱӷս
ͶƱĹսܣջԾȽб䣬̽һ̽ʵ㡣
Ľսɷǳ֮ǰԼȣҲܹȻϣֻú޺޵ķȥ
֮ǰսһݺ˵ȻȽб䣬ԾΪûҪֱӷսΪøغԴӦģұԼ
սߺߵķȥºɵҲҡͷ̾Ϣ֪սɵЩǿûôлĽ
壬ôױģ
һʯܷп




1620 
ߣһȺظųķʲô˲ģõñķʽǵʿȻٽ֮ĳԹֱӷһսˣѵ廹޷岻ɣ
һĿ࣬ڵǿػصԼĹһŽµ¯߷ˡ
Ϣ֮ŭҹλ飬ս࣬ټ̴ƣЩºɣȥǱǣһսһ𣬻ǲս𣿡
һʦĵ׼Ƶ
šĻҲЩǾȥ֪ͨЩսȺҵĹǰ̴ơ
һ£Ʋֻ߲ҪսһЩºɿҲס
Сȥ죡
ʦ߳ܿ㽫սɵȺ֪ͨˡ
һ壬ЩսܿݷĹ
Ϊ죬ĹƬռһƬ֮£Խػ
սɵЩǵĵС͵Ļ鿪ʼˣǶֱӸһεĻǳ˳
Ϊνıȫ˷ʱ䣬ҪʿҲòűԣսøԡ
飬ҪĻòԱʽȫԷһСģսʿķӦٶȺʵ
ԭܼ򵥣սĲһĵطȫҪķӦۺʵ
һ޷ٷӦǣô彫ΪǣЩǿߣסٵ̣
һȥˣµӰѾȫʧ廹壬ûдۼǿߣõĽʱ䡣
һܹ壬彫ΪūʱΨ˵㡣
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СģսӰ֣ʼ֪Ҳ˵ʲô
ȻҶûôǾͷͷȥ׼ɣ֮Ǿж
İ塣

ͬʱ
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ȻХ˵ĲǸɭ֣ҪصɿϾ뿪Ѿܳʱˡ
֮飬ХȻŲɣ㽫Լѱ͸Ҷһͷ
һַޣٶȷǳ죬иԪأҶνǾ䣬ҶΪ˱;޵۹йĽлˡ
Ͼ֪ͯƶԾ޵۹Ǹʲô̬ȣóȻܱ˵ǲõġ
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ֻҲͨʿԣڵҶѷ°ɣﵽɭУȻȻɢƱŵЩ֮ͨززˣҸ档
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뵽Ľ̸Ҷսȭͷ
عҲǲԣҪЩȺĸ׵˸ۣ
ȻҲҵѰԼĸס
ԽǿԵʶԽǰõ岻Ǻ͵Щļһѡ
Ȼ
ʵ;ףܹԾȷǿĵط
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ɣЩģϾ֮һţﻹıʦĺֵ̫һСͯ糿

Ҷߺ󲻾ãɽʥأԺΪ׵սһ
ռӡΪĵطһȱڿʿ
Ϊܹͳһ֧ԺΪ׵սԴ߶ֲ
䣡
䣡
䣡
߰˼һ߶ӡһ㣬ֱӽӡ俪һŰĿ
ৣ
һһ⣬סڣһ֧˳
ɱ࣬꣡
ʿų˷ӡɭУ




1621 ҫ
ѽȣԼԭɽŹ̵Ͱһ㣬ԭԪźŵĵ˽Ϊɵķֲ
ȻԣɲԪţϾɷĵطͯƲ̰ǨɵܲԾɽ
ţ
ڿУҶͻȻ֣ɽȻſڵϵһֻ޴ڹ꣬ȴһͷ
ͷķŶϷ紫˵еľ޴䣬ĵҶ档
֮治Уĵƶ֣ѹֵɻΪŵ֡
ɵĳʦԹ۵϶Ҳ˽⣬ܹƾһ޴䡣
ѵɽһ޴䲻ɣ
ҶԼ뷨ˡ
ǲܵ£ɽǽһ޴ϹϵĻôϹҲ̫˵㡣
Ҷеɻǣɽȱ˺üط·Ӳ˸ȡһŤ
׿Щҵ뷨Ҷͽɽȥ
ɽţκһ˵֮أǵ棬κӲ
ͯҲ֪ݣ򣬸ôԼɽŵļûУЩʥزԼӣҲø۱ӣҶӡ
ʲôˣ
ҶոɽǰͿɽŵĵӭһ˴ȵ
Ҷ
ҶЦ
ʲôҶʦֻˣ
ȵĵһϸһҶĺ㳡ϵʯŰ˾ŷֵơ
Ҷʦֻˣȥͨ
һɽŵĵӻһɽȥһһﺰţҶʦֻˣҶʦֻˡ
һʱ䣬ɺ䶯ˣ
ŵӷӵ뿴ɫʣһ·ʦ֡
Ҷˣ
Ϣһһ㣬ѸϯɣͯƣλϣٵЩͨӣȫӭ˳֮ƴҶʼδ
ǵ۱ǰչɵʱҲû˺ƴĳ棬չصĵӶˡ
ص壬һֱɽţ·ȫɵĵӣкܶ඼İס
ȥˣھ۱Ĵ֧£ɷչѸͣܶԭɢ޶뵽С
ĴҲ˰ɵ£Ϊɵһӡ
˵˾޵۹֮⣬ɳƵӴˡ
Ҷʦܣϲ
̫һһϧ𣬼ҶعǳˣҲ˵ֶѡ
Ҷӣ˵ˣôô󣿵꣬ҲûǿȥôһգۣѾΪһһˣ˵ǲһֱαװ
ͲһˣҶੲݣΪҶе˵ͬʱһĽʺޡ
뵱꣬Ҷ֮ĲಢȻ̶ʱ䣬ҶѾڣԽս˹ŵӹɣΪһĵһˡ
ȴոͻƵʥ̥۷ѣûнͨ㱻Ҷ˦һ󾳽绹ࡣ
ѵܹʵ𣿡
ҶĳɾͣͷҲȥһ
ʦ֣ҪøԶǲһģҵļɸƣ㻹ʵʵɣҹ쳣ʵɾͿ϶ľǳܣ֮սһǲҪȥĺá
Ҷ뷨ЦųȰ
ٺ١
Ҷ뷨ɵεЦҶĻòΪȻôǿǱ
Сͺã
ʦĺ߹ҶģһоڲС
Ҷ磬ˡ
ͯ糿ȥˣܶ鶼ˡ
ٴҶͯ糿ֻ֮ͬ꣬ҶŨҸ鱻ĵס
ţ
ٴͯ糿ҶҲЩΣϾԼǷֳ̫࣬£ֵջΡ
ҶɵĽΪ˻ӭĻع飬׼ϯɽź͸ĵ֮⣬ţȫμӣΪҶӷϴ
ͯƵԶԶشɣһƬȻкɽˡ
Ҷڴ棬һŵĵӣͨԼŬӲɱĵӵһ˵λãݵıжڣʥǵŴ϶ڣԺ͵ԺͬʱС
ֻһǰԺһһ棡
˵йҶĴ¼̫ˣÿһκ䶯鶼˷ܲѡ
죬ڼԼĿеżܲǼ֣
𡭡
Ȼһ޴ò˶һ㶣漴ŵǷ׷һȻӡ
Ҷѭķȥֻһֻ߽ӽףͷʨӣܵ
һܶر˷Цֵ壬С֫һһֻ졣
ǡ
Ҷһʱ侹Ȼû뵽һͷʲôޣɵӶһϤӣ֪Σա
ֻ׹ɽСޣܱ
ûһ˵⽫׹ҧúأȻ԰ǵ黹ڻ
ԭ
Ҷ˲ˣŰɣΪ˱¶Ϊ̣ɽһͷӣû뵽òǸСһСһﾹȻôˡ
С̫ܳˣտʼʱ򣬳˳Ծ˯ûɳƲˡһ֣ʾһҶ˵
Ҳѹ֣Ҫǳ˯˯˳ԣҲʱͳɳô󣬿ݡ
໺𡭡
Ťŷֵܹ˵һҶؿȥ͵ֱա
Сһӭ𣿡
ҶЦŻӶɫӭȥû뵽ʱ䣬ֻܾȻǿˣǰǿеѪޡ
䣡
ҶĽɫƺܵľ޴ײһ𣬶ʱľ죬Χʯѿľ۶ϣضɽҡ
ܻ붯ֹ֣ˣרŸܵɵӸͷɽ޴ˡ
Ϊ˸Ҷӷϴ´磬һƬϲգ㳡ˮϯˣæýѾӶˣһĲȲ϶
ͯƵļ£Ҷֻúʦĺ̫ϳӺɽһνǵΪĴˡ
ҶᣬΪһεţ㿴ô
žˣͯҶ

ҶΪѵ˵ҲӪ²ŵĲϣ̫һʦΪʡ
̫ϳӹһھƣ˵ţ˵㣬Ҷǳ֮пܾ֤ɵۣܱǣ²Ҫˣ
ԶԶԣˣ
ͯƸæ˵ҲƾҶڵʵ˵һССţʥصʥҲûпܵģֻЩСС˽
⣬Ҷ綼֤ɵۣǸʱɾһشˣΪţȻϣԽǿԽá
⣬һҶţôԼŮͯ糿ͺϣҶһ𣬶Լͳ˴۵붼ѡ
ţ
󣬾͵ͯƲʱҶͻȻӦǿϢٱƽɵüͷһ塣
Сôˣ
ĺʱעԼͽܣ̷ЩԾ
ûʲôмǿϢ߸ȥһ£Ǿ޵۹Ҳδ֪
Ҷ˵ţڿնǿϢķӭȥ




1622 
ڿնҶЩǣΪǿϢķ򲢷Ǿ޵۹Ļʳǣɽ
ѵޱˣ
Ҷչ׷ǲǣ磬һ˲ɳɽķΧɽ⡣
ǡ壿
ҶĿ磬޾Զ㿴ǿߵӰ߷⼸ӰһƬѹѹ
ˣҪ˺Э飬ˣ
Ҷ𾪣һϢ
Ϣķ˹û˿ȻԴģ
ಣ
뵽ҶͣתɽȥǾɭţһɽ׵塣
ʣڵĿɣ֪ɱȻ֮
ΪЩǿ
֣׼ӭս
ոսɽķΧҶһ羪ףɵӵĶС
ž꣡
һŵӾʧ룬оƱڵˤ÷顣
ʲʲô
⡭ܰɣ
Ҷʦô˵ٻ
ͬʱɵĵһԻٲȻûʶԡ
Σգϣϣ
ͯҲǱͻϢòᣬڿն´

һʱ䣬һƬ𾪣ҳһš
Ҫ˵Сɣʥغ͵ҲûоսϴвΪܹǴʲôӰ죬һͻ飬׶̱˳
ҪңҪңԼʦǰӦսλϣٿɽ󣬾
ͯƲţ֪˿Լ޷ֵ塣
λϣԼĵɷͣȵֵһ˵

һ´ڵĻƽǧڸʦĴ£ռΣɷơ
ͬʱɵĻɽҲڴ֮С
ֱɽתЩʵµĵǲ΢һ㡣
Ҷڸô죿ͯҶʵ
ķǰ취ҹ۲죬֣ʵǳǿ󣬼ǻɽҲֵ˶ãңõķǽǱ뵲סһЩͨ˾Ҫˡ
Ҷ˫˸żĹâһ£ƾɣ϶סĴٽҽ飬ǰ޵۹;۱ǵķֲȣǹͬ֡
ãͰ˵İ죡
ͯҲǼͿˣƽվãͻ¼ҲЩ֪ˣȻ֮ǰһϵеɣҲֹڴˡ
Ҷ£̻Ȼ֣ⲻԼ飬飬Ǿ޵۹Ǿ۱󣬶Թ۵ġ
ϧûдֻ̨ǲóеĵǰȥȣͯҶ˵СˣָսϤɾͽˣڿʼɹָӣҲ⣬Ͱսƻɣ
ͯƴĵطϴθԪҶľƣԣãҶսž˵츳˲ţȻҪ˾òС
ڣѾڲìˣǺ֮սìܣȻָӡ
ҶҲƴǣ̵ŵλãɨһˣ˵λҲҪʵߴҡһΣǽһǰδеѪսսʮֲпᣡ
һսҲлкܶȥ
ΪϺͽǲҲ·ˣ
Ϊ˱ǵļ԰ҪƴÿǰһҪѪĴۣ
⣬ΪʿΣ
ҶⷬѪڣ޲̺Ѫսһ
ЧҶͷ˵˽˺Э飬ٽأս֪ûԵģһռĵ̣ôľͲǣǵĸףǵĸĸֵܡǺˡֵǣֵ֮ʣǲѵҪЩУ޴ֱȥԲб𣿡
ܣ
ǧŭ
ģҲҪϸ汳ģ
һЩѪԵʿҶһ˵ѪڣսӶˡ
Ǹţ
ɽһ֪̾ҶڶԱɵˣͣѾûʲôˣһӱ㶴Ҷ˼ȴǳ
һԱɵӵսһΣڵɵһɱ۵һ㡣
ܺãǲҪôȥƴƴǵסǵļ԰ǰһҹѣʵ⣬ǾͲ³çҪвԡ
ۿ˵սѾҶ̽Լսƻ˵˳ղ˵ģҪ嶯ӣս
λϣɽⲼһ嵽֮һɽţһ޽ȻǾѸٷסɽţǼȳԵһ˵
Ҷɽһ̫ϳ˵
ļƻƴӲƴǰ취ʵǿľλ̫ϳϣҲͨڶѣӵսԺԲơ
ԣӲǰ취Ҫмƻս
ĵ𣬵ȴĲΪһﵢʱ̫ã޵۹;۱ׯķֲ˱ȻʱǾΨһ;ˡ
ɱ
̤ƽ壬ɱ࣡
ҶողúãҲս׼Ҳɱɵɽǰѹѹһߣ˻ε֮⣬д޲У޴ɽŶڲ
һЩʵµŵսսǿ壬δսӡ
໺𡭡
ɽҲˣɵѱڵȫɾ޴
ٳȥǻῼǸǸʹ죬ƴ󣬼Ȯ
ǰһǿߺ
൱ĴǳǿǵĻɽµס
ͯվҶߣɫʮѿ
ʲôǴ
Ҷֲˣʵ
ݵ伮أԼֵģ൱ǿߣÿһ繲Ϊǣ൱ĳڡڡڡ۷ͼ¡
ͯ˵Ǽģ൱ڣûֵܵ
Ǽô
ҶüǴҲ
һսҪסɺܻܿȫڸ
ৡ
Ҷ˫ֻһ⣬ɽɽŷһڣĵб¾ͽɣ
ţ
ǼҶĴ˻ɽ󣬲ɵһ㶣Цãããܺãʶ࣬һ˸һʹģ
ҶڣС磬ԸûнҶϣһ֣޷ӵͨɽų˽
λϣ
ҶһӺɽ˿ٳֱ֣ӽɽ·գǴǿߺ޵ɽ֮⡣
ɱ
ڸλϵĴ£˸£ȣҪ޳ɱȥ




1623 Σ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
֮䣬ڵӱȳ彻֣ѪŽ֮ڶ
һӺɽѪɺʬɽȾѪ컨
ӿϰޣնɱڴˣҲʮڷ޿ƶǣ״Ҳԡ
ɵɽŸŨҵѪζѪ۳СϪѵԶ
٣廹Ӳͷģ뵲סĽŲǳ룡
Ǵû뵽ɾȻ˹Žȥһ֮󣬾Ȼ˸Ưļս
ϰСε˵ǾţһëѣǵĽǡ
Ȼ˸ʤ̣ͯƺȴûаʤϲãӵ
ΪһսȻϰ˵ʵ΢
ɽ͵סǴһɽ󱻹ƣôǾҪֱ׺ݲбʹˡ
Կһ£ʵǳǿ󣬳Ԫʥ̥֮⣬кͨ޺壬Ĵ
Ƹۣս׼
ҶһǼĴʼˣ֪ɽ󵲲˶á

ƴһˣ
ºһƬսѪڣղһսҲʧ˲ֵܣǽˡ
սҲûκλĿܡ
䡭
䡭
䡭
֣һڻɽϣûɽ𲻶ѡ
άִɳϼѪڶѪɲԾƴļš
ܹһʱ䣬ɾͶһϣϢѾͳ͵ž޵۹;۱ǰԮˡ
Ȼ
ǲʥ̥۷ѣʵ̫⣬ƴҲ赲˶á

һϲҽһɽֲ֧סˣֹƣ񱩵磬һ쫷硣
ɱ
Ǵһȹɽţѹѹ޺ɽɱһƬɽ
ۣۣۣ
˿̣κμıˣȫƾʵ˵ɽɱɵ޵ļצ֮¡

ҽ˷ŵӣʵͼһͷͬ޶Ƕ֣οһȺ޵ļɱ
ܶɵĵӶ޿еѪʳʳʬǶû
ɱ
˿̻ɱ񣬳һȺ֮дɱ䣬ÿһ˻
̫һҲɱۣһĬԵɱ˿ÿһȭһͷ޵С
Ȼ
޵ʵ̫ˣɱʤɱЩҲǷǳģһ̫һǳǿ̱ͬѷѽ⡣
ͯơͯ糿ŮҲɱۣͨƵǿɱѷѽ⡣
λ̫ϳϱеͨ۷ǿ߲סֹԮˣɱѷѽ⡣
Ǹ
ۼԼͬŲϵĵ£޵ļצ֮£ȫʬ£Ҷŭˡ
ৣ
Ʒ׵ǹҶУһ죬ϰͷޱǹâͷ­ڷ
Ȼʵ̫ˣվɱɱ⣬Щ޺ǿ߲վɱ¾Ҳỹġ
ȥ
Ҷɱۣŭÿһǹ̳ʮͷ޵УѰҲס߱ǹ
͡
ǹâ£缲磬磬Ҷ绢Ⱥһ㣬ںӲɱһѪ·
Ѱ޵׶ԸЩ֮壬ֶηǳǿ󣬺նɱ
꣬Ҳɱۣսûκ·Ψѡ
ЩѪжǳңҲҪǰɱԼش
ɽ·ѪȾһ㣬жƮźɫѪɼս֮ҡ
ɾӢӺͺĵǷ׷Էս޴ҳͻɱѡ
ĺÿһγֶ޻ǿߵУԸ°ûкκս󣬹һ˳ɱ֮С
ûвսǷǳţһڵʿûУ͵סǴĽŲɱǲֻʱѡ
һΣ壬ɭеǿҲսˣҪΪЩȡʳ
ɵˣвǿеѪʳѡ
ȷѪҲңɽɶѪսУеӱ޻ǿ߻ɱҽڶ
ս̶һӣǧӱ˽һ룬ŵȫսһ⡣
ŵӶս˲٣ɴӽΣǺĵӣͬ޻ʱѱ

ҶɱǹƬ޺嵹ǹ£һ˵Ͼ޵ģ˲ˡ
Ҷ֮޻壬ˣͲĶ֡
򣡡
Ҷ깲һʱһƬޡ

ҶһĳɱɢִƬĳ࣬ĹƻһЩɵӵѹ
ս
Ǽ˳ɵմ
ĵһսһҪԴݿ֮ɨƽԤֵһԳǿ
~~
õǷˣ˻𣬲ԼƵɵӷ
һʱ䣬ҽصɽɵҲǿĵֵסĽŲ
ĺƮƮϣһͷͨ۷޴ѷѽ⡣
ɱ˴֮ӣһͨ۷޵סɱѷѽ⡣
ò˵ĺϺǿͬͨ۷壬Ȼܹͷǿսƽ֣һʱ䣬˭Ҳκβ˭
ݺᣬâ죬ɽݻٵĲˣܶɽ嶼ƽؿѣֽһ㣬ϱ
źɽҲǿսҲصչ˵Ķʮͨ۷ǿΧˡ
սĻ˿ͱɱˣˣҲ˺ۡ
ҲʧȥյĴݣ˫ֲϴһ⣬浶ա
ȼɱսɵĹرƳ಻ͼֲסˡ

ҶɱƵȭƣ߱ǹûûһ֮
̶Ƭ̣Ѿ޺ǿߵʬ壬ѪȫȾˣճѪ˳ͷȥֲ
Ȼ
Щ޺ѪԼˣɱͨ޺ѹͬɱһ㡣
Ը
ǴۼҶݺ޵Уɱ˴ޣʱסˡ




1624 ս
ͬʱҶʦĺҲվͷͨ۷ΧЩֲסˡ
꣡
һͷצ쵶ݺĺ˺ĵ˿ڣƤⷭѪɽ˿ɼǣ

ĺҽһǰƴһɱУǰͷޱˡ
Ȼ
ΣһҲûнΧȫǿ޺ͻ˵壬ˣ׷ɱ
ʦ
ĺվҶ̲סһŭ׵ǹɹʹһкɨǧǰʮͷϣѪ쮷ɳɸߣѪɫȪ
ಣ
Ҷʩչ׷ǲһԮȥ
Ȼ
ҶһһӰֱչ򣬽Ҷ֮ڡ

ҶһͺתͨȫӶԷһȭҵȭâ˺Ǽӭȥ

ǼԼȻסҶɵһ㶡
ҶȭâҲ˺ʤ֮ģȥݺһȭӭȥ
䣡
˵ȭâײһ𣬱ֲΧձһֲĿռڶ

ۡ
޺ǿ߱˵ȭâʱЩڷЩߡ
һʱ䣬ҶǼΧգû˸ҿ
ʦ
Ҷ裬Ŀѣ˫һУ˫ֻһ⣬ɲǼһɰϢΪΧϯ
һ׾ĴɽҶ˫֮䣬ֻɽӴӡֱǼѹ¡
ܻĴ޷ԮԼʦ
˿̵ĺѾȼҲ֧Ŷˣ
䣡
ǴҲ֪˫˲һצչֳ˲ֱơ
ȥ
Ҷ߳һֽɽӴӡȥɽӴӡ˲һʵɽ
գѹѹһƬסе̫ڴͶһƬӰӵױȵӴѹ
Ǽ˿壬ЦһΪצ˫ֱɽӴӡץȥ
ž
ɫצȻһûɫɽ֮ڣӲɽӴӡ˺ѣɫɽӴӡΪһƬ˷
ͽɽɽӴӡ⣬һӻΪ籩죬ò޺ǿܵ˲
ɵĵҲвܵ˲ڷ֮սԽԽֱɽѣΧһж񱩵ѹ촷ۡ
ǿҶüѾľˡ
Ҳǿ
ǰĴȻǴֱӻιģԭѾ֮Ҳӵ޵ĳЩܣΪǿ
ܱƵʹ䣬Ҳ԰ˣ
ǼĿҶҶľͣȴ⡣
ѣ
ҶһȭĸȭâǼСȫս
飡
飡
飡

̶һ˲䣬˱໥ϰУֱѣ޹⣬һɽ屻Ϊƽء
ߵսս廹ޣɵˣ⾪սˡ
˭ȻôǿСȫ¾ȻҲֲܱܣ
ɻ
ǰ˵ľСС磬ȻܹƵСʩչɱﵣʲôʱôǿˣ
ǾһҶֵס˶ԷǼһ󣬻ֵܹԮҲδ֪
ΨҶԼнп಻չֶҲֲܱܶѣҪսʤԷʵ̫ѡ
ҪԮԼʦĺĺʱпΣա
Ȼ
ǰǼƺסˣܶԷͻƲء

Ҷ쳤ХȻȼԼ·һɫĻ棬ȭͷһصۺ֮ƴǼɱȥ
΢࣬ȼҲûã磬ˣ
ǼС˿壬ֱӻӶצҶ๥ȥ
䣡
ҶȭͷСļͷһ򣬼򷢳˴̶ͷѣѪĽ
ҶؿֳһƹӵĻļףСצץڻļϣֱӽҶɳȥ
ۣ
ҶɣſһѪɫøѿ
ǰǼʵ̫ǿˣǿᣬʵҲ̫߳࣬ٴȥͬʱȼܷ꣬Ϊʤ
Ȼ
ֱڣԮδһ֪ʲôʱܸеԼһʩչѹ׾ɱǰͷǼҲ뿪
ȼɱﵣ򲻵ѣܶãΪһߣֻܵˣ
䣡
ҶԻ̥ɫף֮ص۵̥Լɣһ㣬ɢǿѹ
Ȼ̥
ǼСһ㶣û뵽Ҷ̥ȻԼ߸̥֪
ɱ
Ҷ̥һ£ȭСȥͬʱüѿһڹ⼤ͼ͵Ϯĺͷ޵ĺԻˡ
𡭡
ͷ޷춯صĲҽУȻڵϣ˲
̥ûã
Сһһ˫ֱ۳ױצźɫƬצһֱ߳Ҷӭȥڱɱͷһ㶼⡣
䣡
Сһ߳צ˸ڹݺݵĺҶȭͷײһ𣬱ĿĹâ
޴òǿߺɵĵǸǲãܶ˶öѪһʱʲôҲˡ
ʱɽҲսһӵѪȻ̶꣬ʵѾǳǿˣѪѹܶ޸ͲҶ֣ýڽڰˡ
һĻҶаڣǴͺˣһɱڣٶǿֺգ
СǺĴӣӵѪʵǿ󣬶кܶ츳ͨ
С˿ΪơҶ߳磬ȴӲ޷׻ɱҶ
ͬģҶҲͻƲСķ޷ȥԮκˣǧӣڽʣ¼ˣʣµҲ
Ϊʵ̫ˣɱʤɱҺܶ޺ͻ˵ʵɵڵӲй֮
ڴսʼʱͱɱˣսܴܵʧܼһʱ䡣
ͯͯ糿Ůֵֵסǿߣѷѽ⣬Уͯ糿һ˫ܷɣȼ
ֱͯϡؿڡ䡢ȫ˺ۣѪⷴɫ԰ףƴս
Щ˿ںܶ඼Ϊ˱ͯ糿µģΪףԼŮˡ
ӶŲ˵޴սȻ֪УҲҪƬϡ

ͻȻĺҲֲסˣԱʥ̥һǿͬھ
ʦ
ҶХһĿѣ˫Ѫᣬ˲չײС紩Խռһĺصķȥ
߲ˣ
СһצֱҶıӰץȥҪץ
Ҷ硭
ͬʱͯƺͯ糿ŮҲΣʮǿ߽ǰΧ׼ɱ֣ͯ糿һеĺҶ֡
Ϊʱܳ嵭ԼҶĸ飬Ȼһ֮ʣԼ޷һ㣡




1625 ѪծѪ

ĺĴ̼Ҷ޵񣬲һеʩչӲײСء
Ȼ
ûĺǰʱ򣬶ִͯ糿ľһ
Ȼܾͯ糿ҶʼվÿǷ̫̫࣬˺һൽ۵Ůĸ顣
йҰ޷ſȥݴĸ飬ֻΥĵѡӱܡ
Ȼоͯ糿Σ֮󣬻޷˵ĳ˹ȥ
䣡
Ҷһɱɢĳǿֱ˵ϣչռ䣬ֱӽŮսռ֮С

һȭǰ޺ǿֱӺɱѪɡ
չ׷ǲԼٶȳ嵽ĺǰһɨȥͼβһ㽫֮ǰΧĺߵùǶϽۣۼˡ
ߣ
СһȣҶȥ
֮ǰҶײдΪޣں׷ᣬۿҶͯƺͯ糿ŮߣֽĺʬˣʱһһצҶץȥָ׼һɱ⡣
Ҷվһȭɱɢ˫۳Ѫսһ㡣
˭ҲȲ㣡
СһչҶɱ
Ҷչ򣬵ֵԷĹȻ򱻻òϲתȴʼղơ
Ȼ֮⣬ɵĵȴվȻƴҲֻܻɱһЩʵǿޣһǿޣͲǶ֡
ܶ޷ˣǷܼģһǱ̡
Ӻƴˣ
ѪһֱԱ̥ϼǿ߹ͬ
״ȫʬ£Ѫⶼըˣϱըһ׵Ĵӡ

һֱս̫һһһȭһǿߣȥ꣡
˵꣬ҲԱ̥ϼǿ߹ͬ·
ǳĬԵ̫һ˵ļ֮һȻȴԡ
̫һ˽ʯ֮У䲻ںͷǡ
꣡
̫һþɽлصŻŵÿһ壬ÿһɵĵӡ
ͬʱҲ˵˾ĺͷǣҪū弸ǲܵġ

ĿԼʦֵڷҶױˣ˫˸ɱ⡣

ҶɭӾĵظдתСĹֱƽ
ҪɱҲãҳȫ㣡
ҶȻҺԼɱСʱЦˣΪ壬ӵѪ˫Բս
ҶԼɱѰ·һ壬θԼȣ

СƾҶԼǰһ˫צݺݵҶؿڻȥҪҶֱ˺ѡ

ҶһӶɫȭͷֱСһצȥɫȭͷҵĹâһֽɫ̫һ㡣
ˣ
һƲɫȭͷ𶯡
һ˵ĳ棬ø޷׷׶ܣ⵽
Ҷ̫ǿˣûʲôܹ赲նˣصһɫصܲɫȭͷϡ
ɫȭͷںСצһؼ䱬һƬĿĹâɫͺɫֱ
޼̫ײɽͬʱ緢ؼһƬӲӣᣬγ˹龰
𣬳һƬ޴ӣɽ嶼һƬ
𡭡
СһһڵĹâг˫һβٴҶɱ˫̵׹⡣
ѪծѪ
Ҷһɫȭͷٴ͵ػС˫צϣı졣
꣡
Сʮָ׻ɵצҶɫȭͷôѣ£ڵѪ
ܣⲻܣôǿ
СҽУܽʵ
ǿģ޷忹ŶԣԼӵѪһΪϵ塣
Ȼ
ʵȴԿϣȻ·磬ǰٹ̵֪
СҲ̫ѷ˰ɣԸһϣȻ䣬⻹㣬Ȼһצ㸸׺
˵սûжֵǿ߲˵˷̼Сͷ
ǿŰɣһ˺ģ
Сһϵצ˲临ԭȣɫڹ˸ɫһȫ

ҶһУŽâںڵķ˿һ㵭Ľ⣬ſһǰƽ
𣿡
СЦʩչطǿǿȺսɫŤˣ²˺ɫۣ϶⣬һ˵ģ
ڵͲױˣɢϢһ塣
ű䣬
ţǽڿʼλžͣһ˾㤵Ϣǰ㣬ԣ˫ŵŵأˢһ˹
ɱС˿̾ѾԶˣ˫צһɱ⡣

Ҷһͬʱ˹ȥǿǿɫȭͷգ죬𶯲񷡣
飡
飡
顭
ʮμҵĴײҶǿޱȣУɫɫĹâƣս
С򲻶ϵˣпѪҶѹŴ˿ûл֮
һĻˣЩûлε޶ˣϵصˡ
ôСͬ޵ô᲻һСС壿
ô˴Ϣ֮ʣµ˷׷׳һղŵսȻʱ䲻ȴңܶ˶ЩӦ
ɽѪȾˣʬ壬Ѫһɽ屻Ϊƽأòˡ
λ̫ϳ϶Ѿǿ֮ĩһʧأǻźԪŷֲĵӵĻһսɻϴϳˡ
ҶľԷ֮£СķżһҲйŶܲƬĻļ׵ֵ
䣡
Ҷһҧֱȼ꣡
ͬʱȼգսһɿֲϢϱŷ
漴߳𾪵Ļͷǿߣϱ۵ֱңɫ֮ͻɫ֮ͬʱƵ
⡭
˶ˣû뵽ҶȻ˵ƣֵ߳Ļ󳹵׾ˡ
СҲ⣬ҶͻȻֵҲˡ
ɱ
ҶɲŹᣬһȣŲ׷ǲɲǼ嵽Сߣ˫ݺݵСȥ

ССģ
ǿССġ
Ȼ
ˣ
͡
Ҷ˫ӲͬһС˺ˡ

С춯صĲҽУȻȴҶֱ˺ˣ֫ϱӵĵǣ궼Ҷӡֱĥˡ

ȫˣǻε廹ûлεޣǰһĻ𾪵Ըӵĵز
С˭
ǿĴӣһٮٮߣ
˿̣ȴ൱һǴҶԽɱˡ
ܲǾ




1626 Ǵ
СҶͽ˺飬һĻѪȵĳˡ
ҲˣҶչֳʵԶԶľ硣
Ҫ֪СǼľڵǿߡ
ҶڶѣС磬ȻյĽȴСҶͽ˺ˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ

屻ҶչֳʵͬʱҶͣ绢Ⱥһ㣬ȭɱɢ֣깲ر似չɱ
ޱҶȭ£ЩŵҲս죬Ȼʵδôȴͬھľġ
һʱ䣬սٴο
Ҷĳɱ£˺ܴĻңͨ۷ǿ߱һȭŵЩǷ׷˱ܡ
Ҷɱĵʱ˾СԹ۵ǼƲһֱۣӷɵҶϿգɱȥ
ɱ
ҶһչַĲ˸תǼĹȫˡ
Ҳֹ˹ƣЩ˵õ˴Ϣ֮
ȻҶߵսһߵĳ棬ɾܵסĲսĳɵӴԱʥ̥͵ͬھ
һ׳ĳ棬Ϊͨ˲ɱūۣһΪ鲻Ϊȫı׳ʷʫ
ս죬һֱڣڵӺͳϣûһȫ׳ŵһͬ
ɵǧ˿˵۵Ҳⲻ۵ۣӲ赲ʱࡣ
ɶ࣬ȻɱСҪΪ
һǼҶ͹
ܴԲҶɱĴӶҶڽɱ˺ˣ˵ҶǿѾԽǣŲȥùͷ
ΪС±𣡡
һǼҲͬԶҶ𹥻
һʱ䣬ҶƣмܣȼҲͬʱսǼĴ
ϾǼѾ൱ڵǿˣ
ৣ
һǼһҵĵâգݺݵնڰϣַĲ˸
ҶɭȻһЦر漴ʩչǼıʱҲ㵹Ǵˡ
Ҷ·뵽ʲôϨȼŵһѣ㱻
ˣӰѾͿŲסˣ
һǼҶϵĻʧߵĻҲʧˣʱϲ
ǿҲһ㣬ʱΧҶΧܲ͸磬似ҪǮƵȥ
ҶİȷǿƾԷ˵ͬ磬Ǽ߳ǿҲ޷ơ
Ҳȫ޷Ƶģôͬʱвȵļ
ҿ
Ҷһ̧ڵϺݺһ壬ȵĵ˲ָ۷״̬
ɽȻϾеģ֮ǰ޳ͷԣûá
˵Ĳ䣬Ҷ˲ַҲȶ
ɱ
˿̵ҶɱۣסǼ͹ԼӶΧЩǿϤС
Щ屾ΪҶѾǿ֮ĩ㹥ܹɱû뵽Ȼ˵˲ָ۷״̬

ǼĿѣû뵽ҶȻսһ˲ء
Ȼطսȡ˻Ի͵սڵӼɱǧڽʣһٶˡ
Ҳ൱Ĵۣ
嶼׵Ļ弴ܹ̤ƽҲؽ޴Ĵۡ
ۺܿܲġ
һ̣кܶ඼ڷ˼⣬ܹٴξ
ģֻǸ󣬴󲿷嶼ųģֻҪչֳ㹻ʵȻḩ׳Ƴ
ܶ弤ɵǿ߶ķΪԼߡ
ңɵСҲǵЩͣ嶼ʵôɨƽʵ̫ˡ
սһСģսѣĿֻΪ˴ʿͬʱ̬̽ȡ
ʱһӴžͱˣ˵ʲô
˵ǲһ
ȫǷ
ۿǼȻƲҶһǼɫֱ࣬ӷɹ̧ҶһƵ
䣡
ҵĵâݺնڰ֮ϣ˷ë
ͣ
Ҷ÷𣬿Ѫ磬Ԫطƴ˸ʱѡ
ףȻеŵȻܵһ
ǼлȻʮҵӣʵ֪жˡ
ڴﵽ֮󶼿ԷϻͯഺפҪ˵ˣЩƳ壬ʵںѲ²䡣

Ҷ³һѪˮ壬ĵ
һս˵Ҷڿռдս֮ѵһսˡ
Ϊʵޡ
ԺߵԺߵ˹ģֶǱ
ǸʥҲֵܵס֣ƫƫֻһţǾľ޵۹ҲôԮ
Ϸƴˣ
Ҷ˵ͬʱŻѪֵһԲһͣ·һ㡣
ҪԱ̥
Χŵ龰ʱɢӡ
Ѿ̹ɵԱ̥ɱ
ɵ̫ϳϣһԱ̥϶ɱǿǲ봥ùͷ
ȻżȻҪԱ̥ߣ
һ˲䣬ŽսޣһֻɲǼ֮С
䣡
һ죬̫ϳŷǣͬʱʮǿߺ޸
򡭡
ɽһ̫ϳϱХһ飬Ϊͨ۷ǿ߻Сֶ˼ֲ˿ڡ
ϡ
Ҷ˫ĿѪᣬųһܺãһƽ׽˵̫ϳϣû뵽˲³
һ㣡
ǼЦһһȭȭâһ˳ǹ˲Ҷİؿڶһȭͷ͸Ѫ

ҶһҽУؿΪȻըѿɫѪҺ䣬˴Ŀġ


1627 б
Ҷʦ֡
ҶǼһȭ壬¶һ
ڵҶɵľֻ֧Ҫ˾ͻϣ
Ϊʵֻߵģ̫ϳϵʵҪǿ
ҶɱĻǻʲôֿ糱ˮһ
ѪԺǿɼεģȴܴʵǵضʣµ˲۵ݺѣ赲Բ
˲
ҶڵͺתԴʹ֮
ûսǼʵѾԶԶܳܵķΧ
ղǴҪһѾ˵ıԴټϺķԴıԴѾݽߣٱɱһεĻܿĻ
ڲܶãֻȫսȥսѾ⵽شսˡ
ף㾹Ȼ
Ǽǳ⣬ԼĹǳţΪҶɣû뵽ҶȻ
ҲˣҶ˿Ѿǿ֮ĩûսˣһֱһƵҶȥ
ҶȻľŰҲӲһת׷ǲڼ䲻ݷ֮ʱܿǿһ


ô˻ᣬǼҲִһ۵âݺҶȥǼţҶôǿҲܵסֵһ
ৣ
Ҷɫ䣬׷ǲӵ£ͻƿռһ㣬ԭһӰİΧȦ
һ·ϣܶͨʥ̥ԪޱҶײǶϽۣ޷赲Ƭ̡
Сӣ
ۿԼĴҶһڣޱǼӶˣҶ׷ᡣ
ٶҲ죬ȻܺҶ¼ٵ׷ǲȣϾʵǶţҶҲѲ

ǣӸƴˣ
׬һֵˣ
һ·ϣҶɵӷҽͲŭֱվ졣
ȥЩ˶սռУΪɱĻ֣ɾʹ˸
Ǽ׷ᣬκδϢ֮˵ðȥЩѪֵˡ
һΪǱ𣡡
Ҷһȭչÿһȭǿ߷ǣ
һʱ䣬ǼǼ֮⣬һһ޸Ҷȫÿ˵·
СɾͽˣϷȥҲ
̫ϳɽһ˲ͣȻըʮǿߺһ͡
ĵطһ׵ĴӣΧǱըѺЩѷ쾹Ȼܹ޵ȥ
ɽԱ̥ɵҲʣ޼ˣǧȫս֮ң˲á
ɽѪȾˣǺΪۺͳӶսûһ˺ˣȫսϡ
ɪȣʱԾɸһֽ뺮ĸо˵ꡣ

һȺѻɹɥĽΪƬԭ֣һƬŵɽƽ˼
壡Զᱻū۵ġ
һɵӵˣ˫Բ׳ȺɽлصþòɢĿ
ܿ죬ʬ屻޲̤࣬Ѫ˵Ѫϳһ޵ϪԶȥ
׷
һǿһӣͺѹѹȺųɽ˴֮Уչɱ
Щ޴ͨ˸ͲǿߺȺĶֻ֣б¾ķݡ
ûԵģֻɱ¾ıܣһѪͻ񱩣ң˵Ѫʳѡ
һ·׷Ҷû̵ĵطӶݣͨˣȻҪ;޵۹۱ԮϣͱҪһ·򶫱С
һ·в۾ӵĵطҶСҲվбܲģοЩȫȥ׷ˣ޺ǿߵѰľ۾ӵأɱ
ЩȺĵط޲һƬǽ壬ѪƯ֣ʬǺ£һȫɱӤŹ
Ҹƴˣ
һ꺺һѺ˸ĳҪһͷǿ޳ȥ
ǵʮ˸ˣȻÿжѪжĵֿЩûκΪͨ˸͵ס޵ĺ˲䱻ûΪǿеѪʳ
꣡
һͷһֱһצӽ꺺ӵؿڻ໩һ
ͷһȥ꺺ӵͷ­ֱӱˣڷ
Ⱥ
һѮŹһͷȥȻûߵ޸ǰԼͱµʯͷˣԴһ͹ʯͷϣ
үү
һСŮĴţײײ˹˵ʬϣʧ
ǶħǲŹǵģ
ŽƽǿߺʹޣСŮ涵˵۵͸ų޵䡣
ߣ
ǿһ˵ͷ­ɾƱȾƻһָ߼ܣҲһ°ɣ
䣬ǿһӣһ֣ʱСŮͷ­£ѪɽСŮͷ­طġ
â˸СŮͷ˲䱻һССľսС
ֹȻֶθҵ
һЩѿǣȴûлε߹ĵ˵
Сֶζѣ
ǷǳãЦ˵ˣЩͨѣû˿սԣǿ㣬ЩɱǼǰӴ˾ĵˡ
Ⱥ޺ȻӦŵɱЩûκΪͨ࣬ɱ¾
ͬʱҶҲڿٷɶݣ׷ǲ˫Ȼ޷ǼҲûб׷ϡ
˿̣ǸǼƵ˼㣬ʵǰǿܶ࣬ȴʼ׷ϣһʵȴ޷ʩչ
һ׷һӣ
֪ıɳ֮⣬ԽһΰĸɽҶҲҪˡ
ɵʱ޺ǼС˺ˣķ˴
ͬʿҲΣˣȼչĸء
˿̣ȫҧӲͦǰЩģˣȼĺ֢ԳڲͣϢĻԵ˺ѻָ
ţ
ҶҪ֧ŲȥʱͻȻǰ˴ʿӰΪ׵Ǹշֲõľ޵۹Х죡
׻ΥЭ飬ս
Х˵ĵҶƴһ˿˻ͣ˵һֱһڣȥ
׼ӭս
Х;۱Ƿֲĸ˶һۣѸ´




1628 ٴβս
Х´ͬʱǲԶĵطһ׳һѴ󸫣˫ۣѪȺ
࣬Զᱻūۣ
һ̣ųȺУ𶯾졣
Ȼʿȴ׳ңĹرɫ
ϵþûصҲ˾޵۹;۱ԮĶУڶʿѪڡ
һͨ˶䲻İǺͶ־ѵû
˱Ҷ˳ָιһʥХ;۱ǵĸϷһ£һӭͷʹɱһɱ
һΣ޵۹;۱󶼴˲ʵǿʿǳԮɵģû뵽һʱǧӺͳϾȻȫûˣ𾪵ͬʱоԽŭ
ЩȻ¾޴û˿ΪͨˣǼǵķŭͳޣ
Ϊʿ˭ûиĸֵܣ˭ûˣ
Ҳʿ˶Ƕʿͨ˻ռ˴
ȺԵȻͨ˶Źܲȼǿҵɱ⣿
ɱЩûԵΪɵֵǱΪѵͨ˱𣡡
ХһӣԴһʿֱȥ
Ϊδս
۱ǷֲϷɣţɱȥ
Ȼ֪Ǽ˿壬սݲ˿ܿľЩͨϰˡ
ɱ
һʱ䣬ɱ죬۱ֲ;޵۹ʿǺɱѷѽ⣬ʿǿߵ¡
սҶҲ˹õʥİѾȶˡ
Ҳûˣֻ̫󣬼ϱԴ𣬾߶ȽţһɳŻʹȥ
ѹҶֱӽռлָͱԴռʵռʱָս
Ȼ޵۹;۱ֲʿǿӴʵǿ壬ûжʤ㣬ֻǰٶȶѡ
ХϷңܶǿߺ޶ǵһ֮ɴ򱬡
ֱ׷ҶǼűס˹ƣ˿ս֮С
ХϷ˶ڵǿߣ۷ǼǰҲֻԱҪսܶԷǲˡ
ǼҲס˽Ų޷ȥɱҶˣֻܺ˽˽źͶŵ״̬
ʿչɱһʱյ棬սݺᣬȭâ˺գƬɭֻΪҽ⴦ɽȼɳĮ
糱ˮһ۱;޵۹Ҳ˿սնɱͷ֮ʿҲ޻͵Ϯ
˵ÿǰһҪѪĴۣʿ٣ȴ쳣ǿ
ɱ
Х챩һչߵɫĵâɱǰǼ
ϷҲչֳ쫷˵Ǽչ˼ҵײÿһײͽΧΪ籩֪ж޺ʿˡ
أΧһƬգ޻ǿߣʿҿΨֱ˴սನ⵽֮ꡣ
һҶռ߳
ɵͯƽҶ
ռУͯƵʵѾȫָ۷״̬ҪսΪѵ˱
ҶȻΣգҲͯơΪһţɽ𣬵ȫսܹ
ͯƣͯ糿ҲսǱͯƺҶȻܾˣ˶ȥðˡ
֣ƺƴ֪ûиǿĴ½
ͯ糿ȴִҪսĻ˵ɶսˣܶһҪԼŬΪѵֵܽǱ
֮£ҶӦͯ糿һƽȥռС
ѪծѪ
ͯ۾˲ˣһԼıײ֮гɱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ȭ飬ͯƷ·ɱһ㣬Ũҵɷвһɱһҡ
Ȼ
ӴĴ벻ǴԾһСʯӶѣݵĽ̼֮û֮С
УϣսܶʿսһѪҲҪ϶һ
ľÿǰһҪ޴Ĵۡ
ۣ
һգһʿĺԶˣʿ߶ûһһͷӿˤķѡ
ţһɱ֣һʿڷ·һոʿ

ҶܿҵɱֵλãΧԼǼ
վڲͬλã͵Ϯڼƴɱеʿ̶һ˲ʿӢǻɱ
Ҷչ̧־һǻӶһһ㣬˿
䣡
ʯ飬ѿ⵽˲Ҷҳ࣬ҲҶֱҵú˳ȥ
Ҷ⣬һֽɫ̫һ㣬ɢԣޱĿۡ
ոջָսԶԶûе۷ʱڣԸһǼ´࣬ͬʱԿǼû˿ʤ㡣
ôҲҪ˵עƾ͵ϮȥʿӢҪ͵Ϯ
Ϊ˻˵ѹҶԴ֪ҲҪסǼĽ
Ҷٴγ֣˲ǿߺޡ
Щ޷׷˱ܣǶΣյĸоʮ֪սܲġ

Ǽٸ޹⣬ǺôҲǼĴ൱ڣǰ˲ڶѣһжͬʱֱ̡֣
ر𣬵
ǼͬʱҶ˹ȭâ˺ѿռ䣬ݺݵĻڰ֮ϡ
ˣ
ַͬʱ˸תѵĻ˵ȭâҶҲЩɳȥ
飡
Ҷ߰˲ײ˼ͷ֮վˣһѹ·ڵѪ
ͣ
Ҷ˫âºݺһ壬սܿȶ
˿̣ҶУַĳԪط˸ҫ۵Ĺâ֮⣬ԪطҲʼ
һ̣ҶͻȻУڴأȻԪصıʺͷ
ûôף
һҶˣ׷ǲʩչ£һһ˲һǼϿգС鲼ȫһȭͷٻѨȥ
һȭҶóԼȫѹ˹̬ҵȭâ˺գ̶Ħ

ǼһӦ㱻Ҷͷ­ȭâɢֱӽҲˡ

һǼƴԶһƵҶȥֲϢƵ
ಣ
Ҷԭһ£ȻǴǰȭӷֱӽؿڴһ󶴡
ۣ
Ǽ˲侲ֹг𾪡ͲţһըѪһ¡
һĻ




1629 սɳ
̶һ˲䣬ǼҶɱ
һĻ𾪵ԸӣԼ۾
Ҷڶѣɱ൱ڵǿߡ
ԽնɱֵûУܶŶԽСɱ֣⼸ûгֹ
ϣǸ˾Ȼλɱˣ
һǿӲɱˣͰ͵˵
ã
ɵƯ
෴ҶɱǼ޵۹;۱ֲʿǶʱһƴɱ׺ȻƵߵǿߺ޽ڽڰ
ò˵ʿĺӰһ֧ӵսԭֺΪ岻һȺ⤶ѣǵĶ֣̬Ͼͱʿǿ
ҶӰ£ʿ˳սÿ˶նɱ˲ǿߺޡ
Ȼ
ƻǺԣʵ̫ˣʿһʮҲҪսɳ
延ʱһƳХԶմ
أ
ƳХЩ·˼Ѫһ㣬ѸٿҪʿɱ
һʱ䣬ɱ죬յƶ䶼ɢˣ䣬ضȾˡ
ХֹһĿ࣬ڷǿ߸Ŀ䣬ɨʿһ䣬·𱻶ǶϵСһ
漴ǿߵĿҶϡ
ţ
ҶһηĺͶԷţ˵жǿս⡣
ߣ
һûҶ֣۱ֲϷڵķȥ

һһȭɫȭâצϷɳȥݺݵײϷɵؿڣ
ۣ
Ϸؿ˲ȥſƬѪɫ䣡
ܵұɱһҿԸһʹ죡
ЦϷɱƽɢǿϢ
ã
ϷһҲȥǵѪʵ
㻹еϳҵûҾ֮ӣ룡
ĿϷɣû뵽ƾԼͲµԼݡ
ҲûʲôȻˣѹͲǷ¶ǰɡ
ɱ
һȣչһָϷüȻһָɢ쵹С
ಣ
ɱϷ֮ͣӰһѾ˾޵۹Х
˿̵Х죬ѵصֵǼĹɱҲסԷǿ
ʧȥϷɵİƴȫȼ̥Ҳ޼£ƵĲˡ

Ҷŭ𣬻ɢǿҵɱ⣬Χ֮ûκһŵޡ
ҲХվǼΧ£ХΣڵϦ
Ȼ
ߵɱʤɱЩͨ۷ȻĶ֣ǷȴˣҲһȫɱ
ղܹ֮һɱǼҪǹɱսִ˶Էһ䲻ġ
βɸƣǿ߻ҲٸɱĻˡ
ҶĿѣսҲǳأеĲҲܿͻΧʱ֧ԮХ졣
ӦǿϢХ֪Լ׶༪ˣʵ󣬾޵۹ɵ̲ûг
һ˲䣬תһҧԱķʽǼشҲҵıɱ
Ϸƴˣ
Хһ˲ͣһɿֲ֮Ϣ
ۿϷôģ֪һǼ֣ԼûаᣬԱ̥
һڵǿԱ̥ǿֲģѪĴҲ׷ա
ಣ
ಣ
Ϻˣͬʱǿߺ޾ˣֲ·ֵХԱĿ
䣡
ХԱ̥˲ը˷ɻңΧݲĵطһ׵ӡ
ǼֲµķҲסſ񱩵ʮǿ߱񱩵飬ڷ
ȻңҪʿᣡ
ɫֵ࣬Ļĺ

޵۹ǿۼԼĻԱ̥ڷһХּǺ顣
Ϊ𣡡

Ϊ϶ս
ϷɺХĴ̼ʣµʿǣһܲɱҲ˳ĵ·ϡ

Ҷʹı۾Ȼɱ¾һϤӰԼǰȴΪָо
ۣ
ʱͯΣһͷͨ۷͵Ϯһβͳ˳ȥͷˣſһƬѪۼˡ
Ҷ
Ҷǿһչ׷ǲ˲ϲͻ˿ռƣһѽͯƽڻУְĵ֮ҪĶɹȥ
ͯͯ糿ĸףԲһսˣԼͯ糿
Ȼ
ҶͯƵ봿֮ľ˰ء
ΪͯƵ飬̥ҲˣһŽҲѾȻ
ȿȡ
Ҷ֮Ĵ̼£ͯѹɫĺ󣬿ȳһЩ࣬˳ҡͷС˷ˣҲˣ
ţµģ
Ҷ絶ʣҲ֪ͯ˵ʵͯƲǻعⷵգֲ˶õġ
ͯƻҡͷҵҺҲҾҪˣǰмҪ㡣
˵
Ҷţ޲Լսﵽ۷壬ЩֵȫɱڴˣΪͯƱΪʦĺΪѵǧǧ屨
֮СͰˣϣչ˺ҾҲĿˣ
˵ͯһҵĿԣŶ϶ĵСѵ㲻ܽһ𣿡
塭
ҶЩ֪ͯʲô˼κܴ󣬵ʱ˿̣ͯһϢӣͯĿ
ССС硭ˡ
֣ͯοһЦͷһᣬ
壬İɣһúչСģ
ҶĿͯƣ˵һڵϴһӣͯƵڿУ˫һϣһʯ档

ͯƣҶ޵񣬺޲ھͳдɱһ
ȻǸ˿ƴ󣬾ӲƴǼԲŹġ
뵽Ҷֻǿĵŭҧ뿪
֪ʣµʿ赲סĽŲԼĿǰҪǻȥȻֵϢȥ֧Ԯ




1630 
޵۹;۱ֲԮȫûսһˣûһ׽ȫս
ȻҲֵԴֹĲȻվǱˮн޼¡
壬Զ
սʿĻջʱ򣬺䲻
ѡԱ̥ԷǣĴ˼һ
ҵһĻûκ˼֤ľȴԶ࣬ļǷǺڡ
ССĲ֮ǰƽϯݣ޴еͨ޵ĿС
ʿ˵޵ѪǴ󲹣Ϊ˵ѪͬĹЧ
ԣܶͨûзͱ޻̳ˣҲ̶á
һ۾ӵĴ˷棬ԭĵڶ̶ʱڱĿĵĻ
࣬һЩͨҰ޶Ӳǵɱ޴ĵط׹ǱҰѪɺӣ
ȺûԵ첻ŹǵģһⱨӦģ
һ˵̤ƽһС͵ţһԪʿưܵŭ
죿û־ģҲֻվһߣһǿһһǹ궤һǽϡ
Ҫ˷ˣʱǳһЩûκΪͨˣǵѪ̺ٵÿòһʿɲܾôˣ
һͷɵͻҡͷβ߹ſһо׽Ѫ˳ǵ
ûϢʿǺܶģǹһĳǳأеʿѪԸ
ǿ߰³ǹõıһͷͻޡ
ͷͻѾʥ̥۷ľ磬һͻƵͨȻǿǰȴԵֻСè
ֻܰ̿ˮ˵ʿѪԶͨ˵Ѫãȴû˭ǰȥڶʳ
֮˵ĴѾ˷棬ˣѧӤȻûһ˻
ϵʬͰ׹ǣ͵ʵѪ࣬Ѫζ졣
ȣȥһ죬ЩѪ㸯ˣӬɣʬˮԭĵһҹ˹⡣
һУɵģӲǾ۾ӵصһӰѡ
ʮǵأϵ¶ǵӰ֮Ȯݲݾʷһƽ١
ûʿ赲ʱԵĲǳ죬̶̼ƽ¡
ױؿѾ֪ХսϢڵ֪ƽʱ׼
˿̣ŽգߴĳǽվʿǱͰһ㡣
һֵĳɱǧʬ壬飬ȻûܹƷ
ǼҲżԸȽǳΧס棬ǧⲻԶɽ׼ȫسǵʿ
ΧΨţΧսе͵Χȱһ·ڴһټ
ʣµİϷˣȴǳãھᱧű֮־ǿսһߵĻᣬս᲻ȫ
û뵽ǣΪĳǳأлûд̨
볷ߣֱ̨ɣΧȱһսע
ڵĴâһ۱ͬҼʥʥ̫ʥʥһ˺նǿǵ
Ҷô£
۱ƷҶʵ
ġ
Ҷ򵥽ľƷ˵һ飬˵Ȧˡ
һսʧ̫ˣݣд붼̤ˣ϶׶༪١
ѪծҪѪҪȺԵ޻أΪȥ˱𣡡
Ʒĺ£λԼŻʥصǿ߷Ϊųɱȥ
ɱ
սҹչˣλʥǿһ绢Ⱥһ㣬ɱòˡ
ǿߺڶ̶һʱڱɱ˸ɾͨ׷ųĹâ
ǡ
ʥʵ
ϵɽУһǼԶս׹ߡ
ʥսǸ޷ֿٲߣһ֣߶ˡ

ǳ鴤óһرȫ߶£ر˲乹һããš
һߵģһսʤĶֱ֣Ӵ߶γɺյŻһܹصʥС
Źų֣ԭ׼ǧǿ߿ٺնȥƷ巢ֵʱѾˡ
һսǧǿߺǼ֮⣬ȫû
⣬ѪɺӣܶӴ޶ˣЩͨ԰;ĵӹΪʣȻ˷ѵ
ҶҲڴսлɱǿߺޣһֱѰǼܿϧˡ
ֱҶŽͯ糿ռзųͯսجĸ
Ȼѽܣ綼ҪȥԵģҶãЩ֪ĺá
ס
׵جģͯ糿˰죬ޣ˺ѷΡ
һΪͯ屨𣡡Ҷͯ糿ļο
Ҷ磬Ҳûˡͯ糿滨˵
ԺҾˣͯ彫иң㲻ĻͰҵ׸ɣҶ˵
ء
ûлشͯ糿ֻǱҶʹޡ
ͬʱ
ͻȻ͵Ϯԣʢһ·Ƶǵ飬Ѹٴ
ʲô徹Ȼ˺Э飬Ȼսˣ
̫ˣѵ浱˲ɣ
Ѿʱˣ˲ⱣҲǳصģ
һҪָ˵ܾôˣ
ˣ岻سŵ˽ԷսǳŭܶǿԷɽ߽ȥҪָ˵
ҶҲȥ´ͷβ㶼Ǽ֤ߡ
۱ƷҶ˵
ţ
ҶͷһΣ嵥˺Э飬ͻϮսɣݳ纣
Ҷ磬Ҳȥ
ͯ糿ָ侲ƺóĬľһ
ãԵֱܺߣȥ׼һ£̳ҵҪǷ볹Эдս
Ʒɫµս⣡




1631 ս
ɽ߾һƬžгŨҵɱ֮
ı߾ϣһϵĳǳءսǣ
ĵһ۹أҲŻʥǿأֹ˺Э飬ء
ϵذΣҪǳز˹һƷ׼۱ɣ
ǰһţ˰׼۾۷壬Ϊϣ֤š
ϧʱǧɱ۸ոһǧ꣬ԾӰƬأ޷֤
գλԶǿգȥѰ֤ĻԵ
һȥǧ꣬˶ΪѾǿʱλȴˡ
ȥʱӢ˲ʱȴѾͷ׷ϲ
ȴһ΢ͳǳأǿǺѰһʱĹųǣ׼۱
ع֮㽫ųı߾ϣ塣
ҼȻ֤Ǿǿ֮аɣ
仰ٴ̤̣Զ
ԴˣԼƷ׼۱ɵĳǳرԶı߾ϣػƽ
Դ岻سŵԷսǣѪϴ֮ԭ¼ŵĹųǽǿ߻գŲ⣬׷׸Ҫָ˵
ս⣬ռ䲻ѿԸһӶ߳սС
սǺ֮䣬بһ˰Ĵӣӣĵ·
ⲻһѰĴӣһԪ֮ӣ˰ĺгؼİԪأγʺһ
Ȼ
ʺһȴ̺޾ɱִԪݻʱͿռķĪ⣬ɱ޵ɱ
Ԫ֮еɱ󣬲ȷ֮ı߾ױƣҲȷİȫ
ϴܹ֮ƹսǣϯݣΪǶϽӡ˺һӣһͳȻޣܴ߾
սеǿԽԽ࣬սжһɳɱ⣬ǿ߶һɾҲҪ¸
壬ӣ
һ죬߾һƬƹҪˡ
¡
Ȼһը漴۵߻ʣѿҶ˴߳սǷȥ
ûٽҶеϵսư磬˺صʷɣС
߽У˶оһɳصѹָУֵϾĵģʿҲֻɫĵͷʾѣǳеַγǿҵط
ÿһʿ϶űɱͷŭ康Ȼսʧأ𣬲ܲ
ҾãѾĽѵбҪˡ
û̫ʴˣӦֱӽ帲𣬾Ͳн֮ˡ
ûʲô˵ģֱӿսֻаǴˣǲŻᾴη壡
Ҷһ˸ոսĹ㳡ϣţЩʿֱӿսѵһ²֪ߵغ塣
˿̣㳡Ѿۼ˲ǿߣõϢģһߣʹ޲Ժɱо
Щۣͯ糿ȦɵúˣŴŵһ
ɣλ̫ϳϣǧֵܽã̫һԼĸĸȫսɳ֮ʹ
С磬ЩǾԲúһΪΪʦΪѵֵܽǱġͯ糿ѹӣҶ̲סǰο
Ҷ磬û¡
ͯ糿ᣬһǿ˵
˿̣ΪĸΪʦΪѵͬű֮⣬Ѿ޿
С磬㡭
Ҷֹճ̾˿֪˵ʲôûãͯ糿ѾԼġ
С
ʱһ϶Ϥӹ㳡ǰĴдȻԺԺϲ
Ҷְοͯ糿䣬߽˿´С
һɨȥԺԺϲڣԺԺɮҲڣʲô
СľҶ֪ˣҲҪ̫ѹ
Ҷɫƣϲڰο
ɽţҵʦֵܽǶܲѹ𣿡
ҶϲĻһ߿˵Ҿ֪Ϊʲô㲻˵˱ʤΪΪγ͵Ϯݣ
Ҷ԰꣬Զô򵥣еĹϵܸӡɮܲ˵
Ҳҿǲܣû뵽徹ð֮踣Ȼս
ϲһҶ͵ԭǺ̸УȷԱķʽ⣬û뵽ڲ˼벢һ¡
ϲĽͣҶⳡս
ԭڲҲһ飬һţСܵʱѾ֪ˣֻһֱûз϶ѡ
ڲŽ˵һ£ھϻ磬ڧ͸ˡ
û뵽ǣڲ˼ȻͳһڿһȴǸ߶ȵһ¡
ֻڲΪɣΪ׵սɾøûҪԱķʽ⡣
ΪԳ״ݿĵֿԴݿ֮ƣǿƳȡȨڽ£Ϊǵū
ЩΪ׵壬ܶ඼ûоһҵսģǲΪжٹ֮
Ȼ۴ʻѪϣԶԶ壬Ҳ壬Ŀһеĵڡ
ʼΪ׵Ȩıı㣬ͨһȫ淢սһٻĵֿ
ЩȨıɵ忴ܹ̽ЩķչҲܹ
ԱԽȻóǿսǿս޷ʤ壬кͽء
һռսսܹӳ޴Ӱ죬ܹӰ쵽սսЩȨıɵı㣬Ȼðա
⣬ҲڵһʱԪ֮γɵķӡʱΨеȵӡͨ
ʱɹ˿أΪ޷ͨӡս
˽⵽Щ֮ҶĬȻˡ
ѡһֱսģսʹ弴ڳ֮ҲֻܺƽԾ
ǼԭĲԣ֮ǰЭԱԽķʽ֮⡣
սսһ̽ǲǿƷĻսʱпܻᱬ
ϲһص˵
ںչսĻмʤ㣿
ϲһأҶֲõԤУ̲סʵ




1632 ǿ
ںչսĻмʤ㣿
Ҷ´лصȴӦ
⣬ûչս֮ǰ˭ҲҶʤ
ãϲų̾һĿǰľչսذܣҲϴ̸еʱ뾡һа취ƽ֮⣬αԭ򡪡࡭𰡣
Ϊʲôô£
ҶЩš
ĴʥԼϴ֮⣬϶һЩǿɢڡ
⣬һأںħڶǿĴУȻҲһЩǿĵ̣ƴδռϷ磬ϲȴ˵һչսذܣǺιʣ
ǿ£Ƿǳ£
ϲһصĵǵ鱨徭ôϢʵѾǿΪ׼ʵԶ࣬׼ʾǿضࡣ
Ҫ֪һ׼ʾǿߣһսϣ𵽾ʤҪս
ΪҪǣǿ߲࣡
£һսذܣǸʱǾͳˣ
ϲһҶ̲סһǵ͹
ϲ˵໹
ֹ
ԺԺɮܽӿڵ壬˸Ժĵ֮⣬½Ϊ׼۵ֻϲһ˶ѣ̸ֻĵ̡
ϲ˵ĵ̾Ҳδսʤ塪ЩνĵԪʣ޼඼չغӡ˥ˣһսľѪֻܵˡһ̺ľǾ;ȫԶˣͷǾԲ׳ģ
֪ЩϢ֮ҶʱоƵϾʵϿѾȫ泬Խ壬һõϢ
ڸô죿
ϾͬʱҶٴγϲѯʡ
֮ǰ͵£ǵľǣԲܿսСģս޷һȫչսĩյˡ
˵ϲһתɭ˵ҪⳡսһĽǶĿıﵽˡ
ʲôĿģ
ʿ
ɮܽ͵Ϣ˵Ļǡǡ˵飬Һ忪սʱսɱ⣬ԣǱҪǿƣװҲҪװǿһЩǵʵóȻս
֮⣬ǻҪ뾡һа취ܵӮñʤŵ棬ǲС塣ϲĽ
һıԵս⶷£Ҫǡ
ҪҪӮ
ΪѾû·ˣ
ʱһһεĹȥսеʿԽԽ࣬ʥصǿ߷׷׵
ͷ˭ôԺĸԺϹϾģ
ڵԺһǿߣһͷߵĴ³սĹ㳡ʱ˲ˡ
ǵԺĵ̣ոճûãˣȻԪɺԣǿԺɨһǿߣ
ϳλߵݣʱΧһƬ
𡭡
ħ
һźһħŴԺз⣬̵Ľ޺֡
ǵĲԶǻɫħǿߣںħڵǿ߶ˡ
ͻȻԶһƬӣ־ҵһǿҲˣÿ˶ǳǿѪ졣
˹ȻǿȻʧȥĵ۱ҲСﰡ
ܶ˶ڸп֤Ļǿ֤Ǿһλۣ˾ʮء
ȻµĵҲĥˣҵȻꡣ
־Ǿ۵ӣΨһãѪ˫ʵɲ⡣
ׯׯҲׯǿ߳սǣһ䶯
ׯΪܹ;۱󿹺֮һȻǿߣαкܶ಻ʥǿ߸棬ʾҪָ˵ľġ
սϿѹ˷ѹա
¡¡ߣƺһꡣ
ղѿһų֣̫š̫ȼʥصȺ֣ڶ࣬Ӻ׷ͯյߣӢ˲һȫˡ
УһŮɣ۾ˮתȻ̸ʥŮ̡
ԴսǣڲͣĶƺѰʲôˡ
ʱһ߳ǵߵУһ޹ȺŮû˻ΪҲǸʿ
̫ͨˣͨӵȺоҲ֣κһǳУھ¥ſɹ̫űʩؤûʲô
ǲǱˣ;۱ϸҲǵҶߣǾ۱ĵ̣
ףŮǾ۱ʥŮôһͷһ𣿡
ϳݣͷ˵
֪ʲôܹսǵģмǵ֮ߣҿ򵥣пǾ۱ĵ̡
ûղŵԺһƵͷԺĸԺϹϾȻͷҲǱϿȥƽӹ
ߵ֮󣬺ܶ˶˽ۺͲ²ߵݣȴʼղ²Ȼ
ƺͷ벻ǲˣһʿü˵
ͷ̫ˣǸǳضһץһѣЩҲһ
һ˵˾͸Բ׼ˣֻ÷ţ߿϶ͬһ㡣
ܶ˶ΪȻǲ֪ߵʵݣܹ;۱ʥŮһ𣬿϶Ǿ۱ǿˣпǾ۱ĵ֮һ
ò˵Щ˻Ǻ۹ģܹƾһƲߵʵݡ
ƺˣʱһ˺ڰȴʼûꡣ
ʱĹȥҲ׷˵ʥһ
ʳĻлЮ֮˽սĵĹ㳡ϣٴһ󾪺
򡢱򣬼ʥغϴڡȫˡ
ҲԴűڵǿߺӣҪѪϴݵָ˵֮⣬ҲΪһ̸£ֱӿս׼
ЩȻûʸ֮ı䣬Ҳһս
⣬̸ֻ£ĻսƱػ̿ʼ
ʱΪ徫ӢǣƱҪս




1633 ۱
ԽԽʥǿߵĵ´Ըȫ˳㳡ϡ
ǷսڲʵһҲǲͳһģкսʥѾ۸ͷˣҪսһ档
Ϊʱսʱ綼ҪģܺƽദʵûҪҪս
ͬʱԺϡ־۱ߺԺԺϲ˷ϳͷŻսǵĳ¥֮ϣԪ֮Ӷ԰ȥÿж콣һ⣬̴Ԫ֮ӡ
徫ӢȫˣԪغӰ´£ÿ˶ս߰ʢѪ籡γһĻ澰
һ̣嶼˽˶Թ֮ĶԹìܣҪָ˵
ſ֮ǰԼ˺Э飬ͻȻⱾǶһƺӡ
λÿͷ϶һɽѪᴩ硣
ʣһսЩ˲ǾԵս
īƷ羪κˣɽѹ˴
¡¡~
һƲ𣬲ʱһըס
ϵսڳɫĴϣǽ߲ǵۼ͸һֹϵŨҵɱ֮
۱һԲ˫һѲԪ֮ϿնסԻӶ԰龰
Ԫ֮Ӷ԰Ҳģˣÿǿ߶ǳǿ󣬾Բ塣
кܶǿߵʵڶ£Զ壬ʢѪᴩء
һĻܶʿе𾪣ôϢȷС
~
ҶҲ̲סһţЩԲȫ϶ǿĵδ֣ѹϲ˵ģľսܴ򣬵ȷھԴ
Ҳ忴һ׺ݲб϶̷ȫսʱ彫ҲûзĻˡ
Ժϸڳͷ֮ϣ˵ţ֮ǰԼ˱ǳ̻֣֮ȴسŵͻȻ巢սɱͬ浱۲ɣ
ûǱҪһĽսɱ⣡ׯׯҲ˵
˵ϣ͸â˸Ԫ֮ӣƴ˹ȥ
һССѣûʲôɽģ
Ԫ֮Ӷ԰һ½׼ʲ䲻ȵػӦ
ɱʮƽһСС˲ɣ
ѪծѪûʲô˵ģ
̫ˣǲǿ벻̣սɣ

ĻӦʿȺ鼤ܣŭɶ׷׳Կ顣
˵Ŀɣһ˲ɣǱҪһ
ϻǿս⣬׼۵Ϣѹʮء
ߣ
ǿһߣ·мڻشһκ˶ܿǸûӦ
һȺ϶ѣˣʲôýģ浱廹дʱ𣿡½׼̵
½׼ʣûоǳĴսûнûд۵壬ͺûκ
ЭԼͳˣһʣҲȷʵпʱ
һǿʣûд۵֮ϵռսһ֮ɨƽһʥؾԲѣ
ô˵ǲ̸ˣǾսɣ
䣬ϴһӣżҵ۱˲ӹڷɳͷ֮ϣ⡣
һɵ۱ϢʱΧ˶оһǿѹԣżҵĵ۱Ҫˡ
һ۵ĵ۱һգӵĪ˵ɱ񣬷𣬾ʮأûʲôֵܹĵ۱һΪ൱Ǵ۵һ
Ҫ۱׸գҪһֲ֣ʥصʥҲ֧ŲӴ෴ȵ۱׸տ¾ͻᱻˡ
սµ˷·һĴһ㣬ǿѹ̲סǶԴ۵𾴡
ΨҶڿ֧ţΪҲе۱Ȼѳ˯ͬ۱ѹ֮£Ծܹһ⣬ʶ
۱һã
ڴʱ־ͻȻһ֣ڴҶٻԼͷ
û˵۱ıҶҲסǿѹ鲻Ը˵ϣ
ǶԴ۵𾴣ȻˣҲֿ˸յĵ۱ѹ
һ۱ˣȻܴ־嫵֮£Ҳʼȫ渴ա
۱ӳɢƵ֮ǿϢ
ˣ
ͬʱ۱йâһһ쵶УҲʼգȻ;ڣһҲǵ۱
ǴӾŴ󺷷еĺнģɱ۵ǧɱ͸޾ɱ⡣
ͬʱ߶۱ֲɱɲǼ˺ѷӡԪ֮ӣӿ԰
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ

Ӷ԰˸ֿ۱ѹܲԸ⣬ǹɸ
ĵ۱൱һ۵һܹģ½׼һŻʱĻҲ⡣
һж͸Իǰ
ۼ˱۱壬˶ʱ֣ѪҺҪˣź
Ҫһ̿սɱһƬײ
ǲҪֱӿսǾͿսˣ岻κв
ѪծѪɱֽ͵űɣ
Ǹô˻ᣬһټ󻼣
һ̣ʿų׸оüǿʲôãҲӡ
۱֣·һǿ룬ʿսѪڣ׷׽̿սɨƽ壬ʥء
϶Ҷɻ󣬲֪˾ʲôĿģʿ޲裬һƬڣҲ˵ʲôйĻҲһź
ʿһźеƶɢˣ¶Ǭ·ʾѹͷƳɢȥһ
սս˭˭ҪΪֻйŻʱһУ
½׼һֱӸϵĹŻʱɢǿѹԼߵǿ
û׼˵öԣô꣬Ҳóˡ
ǾʱɱޣһҪǸѪĴۣ
µʱˣ岻һ
Ѫʣһȵ壬ƾʲô磿
ˮתҲֵˡ
ܶսɵǿ߽Ҫֱӿսøʲô䣬ڵͲһ
ȻڲһǾȨıɵ壬ǿһӸŵ۱ҳ˹żҵ𶦺ɱ۵֮⣬Ҳָ࣬ԲһϢ
Ҫ֪۱֮⣬۵ĵ۱˻ʴ۵˻ӡ»ʴ۵֡
Щǵ۱ںħе۱ûг֣Ҫľħڵĵ۱
ϴε۱սѹڰҵʱ۱ûг֣ǿĵơ
ΪҪǣ׼ʻĵ۱ܶѾָ˲٣ĵǿӲ
óȻѡսĻܿ彫һս֮󲻸ˡ
ðգֻ÷ŵ̬ǳսұʾźʱҲ֪飬˵Ǻһжģ˼
˵Щʲô
½׼ʳ껴ʵĻǿӲ˵岻ҪֻҪսʤʣԻһġ
Ǿһս
ϺԥֱӦսӰһȥ
ͬʱǱߣҲԭʧˣֱӳս
սһ




1634 ׼֮ս
ԹΪﵽʥ֮һսɿֲƻ
ԣب񣬷ǾʥϵļսѡǿΪս
Ϊǿ̫ˣô򶼲õĲ硣
׼ۼĴսȻҪ嫵ǿнˣеб׼ۣǸող׼۾磬һ֮ҲܻٵһƬ½
ٲӥ̨עս
ߣ۱ׯׯİ£ٳսսΧ޾жһӥ̨
ӥ̨һ鱦ϹŴӥ۾Ըɣܹȫλӳսϵ龰
úӥ̨֮Ҳ뿪ˣսϺ½׼ʡ
һϸ߿գӥ̨ۿսϵս
Ҳһ޴ޱȵľӣͨԻս龰йעսϵ
廹壬һսǳš
Ϊһսʤֱӹϵͬʵ֣
ǡ
澵ӣеһǿ߶ʱˣһɫࡣ
ˣ汦ǾȻأ
һ׼۰ǿߵģĳ裡
ϴβ˵ڴսлȥѵƷ

ͨΧ˵ۣҶ˽⵽汦Ȼһ׼۰ǿߣڻ֮ӲԼǣǿֲĻҲûܻ
գ׼۵ĺ˽֮һɹıһ֮
Ĵս֮Уһ׼ߣޱɱ١
һֱĴսű۱һ֮»ٵû뵽ֳˡ
汦Թ۲쵽սÿһ䣬ӥ̨ҪΪҪκβá
~
͸ӥ̨ҶһʿսĿɵ뵹һ
ҶԭһƬţǿ֮ûпǲκܹĻġ
Ȼ֪ԼˣǿȻûпҲûκ󣬵ԲһƬš
ڱڰǿ֮УȻɢźܶ޴Ľ͹ЩĺǣеԲࡣ
սھʥ׼۵սôҵս
ЩǺͲĽϲѺۣԲǵĺۼǱġ
ңаѪȻѸɺԣȻ͸һֿµǾһ޷Ŀս
ǡ֬
һʥǿ߲ɵþһĽɢžӨĹâȻܹʥ֬
֬Ȼܼ۱Ǽ׼۱Ѿ´ˣھȻبں嫵ǿ֮С
ʣ֬ĳ׼۱飬ѺľѾˡ
ں嫵սϵǣܶ඼մȾѪȻ͸ӥ̨ͻĻ棬ȴԾܹ˸оɭȻɱ
ͻȻؼ䰲˶ſڵϣĲߵյ㡣
һ⴫ѹҪϢһҲס彩Ӳȥ
սʼˣ
𾪵ķ֣սѣ½׼һȭ޾ǿգһжصԭ㣬ȡ
׼һ˿ɵ
Ȼ
ĵط赲ס˻ȫյɢֲƣ·һĴۣӾʮء
ϻһȭ·ٵأ嫵Ϣսϡ
ৣ
½׼ʳ껴ԭʧһƬأڿݼŵУĮĿϣƥ򣬾Ҳ׼Ҳ죬ձն㣬Чȣ
˵䣬ļһ֤ͬһ㣬ڸһѹŻʱҪɱ
ʲôд裿
ʲôԣ
һжԣһһսĿֻһе֣á
ɫĮɫ˿ɢϹĹŻʱһ磬·һλŵĹŻʡ
ˣ
Ժһīľӣһڹ⣬Ϲɱ۱ϢƵ֮䡣
ǡ̫µ⾵
Уһλ߿ӥ̨дĻ棬ɵþ
⾵ϹµһŻʱ͵۱ͬһģ൱ֲǱڹյ׼۾Ҳ֮仯Ϊˮ
Ȼ
Ϻη壬ͷ𶦣⣬αڣڹ⡣
˴սһ˫죬ںսҲһӰֲĲӥ̨ܵ˾ҵӰ죬ͻĻģ塣
ߣǱҲһ޷սеΣֻܿ޾ϢںƵ˵Ӱ֮д
ܶǿ߶ŵðˣһսغϺδκʧ
һܣԱɣ˶ˣϳ½Ϊ׼ʵǿߡ
ֻܹߵһǾž֮սֲ̫׼ʵʵҪ߳١
Ȼ׼죬ֻ֤׼ʵĳ껣ûκơ
СĹżҵ۱𶦣ܹȫѹס껣ǶԷҲ⾵ֹŻʱѾȻ޴档
ƴľ˫ʵսѪһϣ˿ռơ
䡭
սϣϺͳ껵սﵽ˰Ȼÿ˶ǲĴ߶ԼԴս
䣬һϼһԲǳ׼ʵĶ֣
Ѿû׼ˡ
ҪʲôûʸҪġ
ϺͳƴԴ˶ʱһǼţԴۺϼһԲǳ껵Ķ֡
ߣһƬĬҲ֪ϸոճãȻԾӴԴȴģܹսʤҲƴԷһ׼ʶѡ
廹ж׼ʾǿܹ֧ģ
Э飬׼ʾһǿҪսһһ
⻹ʲôǣȫսɱҪ彫ͳ硣
ʱսͻȻһâ˺գ⾵Ͽգţâޱȡ
ͬʱѪϴսһʬһ㣬ѪɿݣԴľѪ·ȫȾˡ
ϡ
ԺԺɮһХգڻУսǵĳͷ֮ϡ
ʲô
ô
ϰ𣿡
һĻ˶ˣһɫսʧǾûνдˣ϶㳲ʵֵĴɱ
Ȼ
˱ʹʱϾȻҡҡλεվסˣ𶦳ģâޱȣ·Ѿľܡ
վڳͷ֮ϣ˵ɱһ׼ʣǶѵͬǵһսǱȣǾһ㵽ף
ⷬʯȻȴ͸¶һһǰƸ۵;ģ
Ҫսս
岻κƣ
ǷɽХһĻ




1635 ߳ս
˭Ҳû뵽Ѫ˥ϾȻڴսƴһ½׼ǿߣ˵һĴ
һţܶսɶߵʱгļɵ
Ȼ֪ϴս֮Ҳûսпܻڶʱȥ֤岻ǿģ
ȨıɵҲȻľûóȻսڵʵ˭Ц󣬻˵
һƬ𶯣ǿһ½׼ʰڴ۲ʱǺɨһǿڣˣʬ޴棬Ȼľ
岻裡
ⲻһջʵӮõġ
壬ܳһ׼ʾǿߣ
һսһǵʿܴ죬ܶǿ߶£ʿһǧɡ
׼üͷ˴֣֪֮ʿ޷ֲش
׼ʶƴˣɼҪֻһˣ޷˵ʿ弴ǳҲᱻȵѹһͷⲻ뿴Ľ
ô죿̷ȫսǰ֮ǰԼԱ仹
⣬߲ڲһν̣սɻȨıɣһΪӵſֲʵһóȻȫսʤãһܣ¾Ĳˡ
˵Ǻܶ۾ȷģһ϶г·
ʿԶ쳾ĹͼįĹΪ
޷һ֤ͳɣ
֤·϶ݹǣⲻһѰʿߵ·ǳ·ȴֻͬҪΪﵽһ綼ܹ̤ϳ·ɵɽ磬
ΪնԹóȻȫսĻȻԪˣҲԲù
Ŀǰ϶һЩ׼ۼǿ߻û¶棬֪Ǵﵽ͵Ⱦˡ
һΣѵʱѱЩ˲ʱΣˡ
̣ڲ߲ܿ˹ʶóȻսĲҲͬĲ
֮׼ʳ׷ϸ߿գսǷϢŭݵ飬Ҳ⣬ڴˣҴˡ
˵ţ΢΢ˣȻ˵һԾŶһĭһ˵ȥĻ޸ģǰ֮ǰǵԼϡСıɣʤκεطҪͣ;ס岻õӣǰˣΪǻֳ֮ľסǺƽദ֤֮Σ
Ӧˣѡɱѡɣ޲㵽ף
ѪȴԾױȵ
׵ͷʲһս粻꣬Сܺղžһĵһ԰ɣΣ
ϵͷһԼĲԳɹˣֶλɱһ׼ʾǿߣѾȫסǡ
ʲһսû֪ʲô£ֻԼ֪жôգԲղľˡ
żҵĵ۱ܺľǿס⾵лƴ˳껣ϡ
֮ǰԼһǿ߽ԣʤΪʤһʥǿΪҲǽһıһġ
һıԣһΪʮ˫ɳʮμӱĳԱ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪʤɼӭսһλǳĶ֣˳˫޶ȵķӿռ䡣
ܿ죬һ׼ǿ߶һ£޶£ûκ
һ׼ʾܾõһ죬һ򼣬ǻ壬Ҳеٮٮߡ
죬˸һս
׼Ƴ죬лɢǿҵ׼Ϣ̲סҪĤݡ
һ׼ʾѹûдﵽģȫܵӰ졣
Ľ͸Ԫ֮Ӵ˶ը죬ܶΪԲһЩʿ㱻˫Ѫȥ
һ̣˶ĿͶվڳͷ֮ϵ־ϣʣΪӣսΪʵġ
ѾӮһֻҪӮһûҪٴȥˣʤһҲûϵѾӮˡ
ȻԤϵǣ־ûгս˼ڵվڳͷ֮ϣûڴĿ⡣
һ̣嶼ŭˣⳡغ˺δг϶źʥضȴ˳ɼЯֲ磬壬־Ȼ޶ԣжôĮľٶ
״Цһô徹Ȼûһ˸Ӧս𣿡
ֻʵʲôʸ岢ϣֻṩѪʳѣ
Ӧսֱɣǻ󷢴ȱὫǸϾɱġ
к֮£ֻҪͶȨǻῼǸһĿռǷϢġ
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һʱ䣬һЩսֿʼˣȻǽȴûһ˸վҲıԼλã޷ǵλá
ս㣡
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Ȼ
Ϊ˺δ޷˵ѡӦսսҲܱ峰Ц˸Ӧսĵߡ
һ˲ɱӯҰΧ¶Ȼ½࣬·һ˲սźһ㡣
һ͸ĺ⣬Ϊǧɱ۵ĵ۱սʮأնɱǿʵ̫ˣγ˶еɱ
ৣ
ڵӰһֱ˺ѿռ䣬ճս
ֶòʿĿɿڴҪκ鱦̨Ҫ˺գҪôǿΪ
ЩһǿȴûгԾǿߴ˾ʵƽΪﵽ׼۾磬ĻǼֱǲܵġ
Ƿ֣׼ǿҲսϣɱ⻯ʵʣһ龭ģǳذСʯֱӻ촷ۡ
ûж֣ɱ˿ֲһʿǵһ¶ܲס
׼ۣմһ֣ѾȫԽ˵ķ룬ϸ˵׼۾ǿѾ˵ķ֮ˡ
߾۷ܴﵽļ£Խ¾ͳ˵ķ룬Ϊһ
׼ǿһͷȻ±ѹһɽһɱʮܻɱʥ
Լӡ׼۵ʵķ־ҶʱֻʥʵһĿ¥棡
ǰ
챩һжһ׾ı߲㣬ÿһζɢŴ۵ѹ
ʣ׾ıҲһ۱


1636 ׼۵ڶս
սһƬžѵı޴Ĺǿ飬Ư̫У͸ŹϵĲɣϢ
بŲ䣬䡢ȴսۼ⣬ʲôûС
Ϻͳһս֪˶پСǺʯɱ֮
ɱɭȻոձһ׼ʾǿΪƬսһѪ
;۱ƬսĮԣ⽫һս˶ããһۣδ
һȣ߲㱦׸ˣһɱ⣬գһصɵ콣䡣
Ŀ࣬һ˿ۣǰպ£ͷһ׾ıһɹ⡣
ɫأ֪Լ֮಻СΪ˺δҲֻܻȥˡ
նǧɱ۵Ϣսϣɱȫ⡣
䣡
һ죬޾ԶһСǵùɱֱ룬ѿ
Уܶ˿־Ŀжıӣսʵģܽսܡ
Ȼ
ȴ޶ԣ治֪ôģֻڳ˭Ҳûʸȥѯʲô
ȫ˾ڵ־·۸һ㣬ʮء
Ǿ۵ӣΪĴѪʵֲȻԪѾˣһս
ؼʱȴѡӣûгֱ֣Ƕ˾۵
ۺպ嶼Ŵ󹦼徴ĤݣҲܲסӻ
Ҷ벻ף־ܹս죬Ϊʲôս
ѵбʲô鲻ɣ
˱ĵĿ⣬־Ĳɫ糣ĬĬعעսϵս
ΣҲֻ־˼עսϡ
ɫĮ˫ƺǳڻ飬׾ıѹʮء
߷ֿ׸գɱ۸һ㣬ʮء
ϣ
գɹޣŰֱնڱ֮ϡ
䣡
ŵ۱͹ŻʱײΪ֮𶯣һУﶼعԭ㣬һɻϢ
ৣ
ͬʱˣǿҲմȾϢؼΪصһһմȾпܻᵼ±ɲҪĽ
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岻϶ѣң뵱̫꣬ʱڣ岻Ѫʳѡ
۲彫ɨսǿգ
ۼƺռϷ磬еսɶʱֿʼʹġ
ǿΪʲôɽһ磬ô޷ˡ
û˴Լ̫ʱ֮⣬ʲôͣ
ҪˣһδսôģûдۣҲģ
һЩѪʿ׷׷༥ʤδ֣۱ϸսҲһһƽ廹лġ
֮һ˰Ԫ֮໥ѣ˭Ҳ·硣
峳֣սϣսҲ˰Ȼ˫ǿĵ۱һʱ֮䣬˭Ҳκβ˭
𶯣ƬŲı촷ۣ޾еʯӱˡ
߻ɢ⣬еĴһ㣬ɱֱ죬նÿһգƵ첻òԱ
˺ܿͿֲסˣһϣܹܣڶʱڽսĻΣˡ
ǧɱ۵ĵ۱ô״߶ģǸ˵۱ҲҪȥ
ɣƬս֮һ߷һߴݵ˵
ͿˣǰȻܹ֮ʱѹ򣬵ֻҪһֹôȴֵĽ籩ǿ
ݵſ񣡡
߱һնĸˡ
ҲԼԾԲͣһһϵѹ͹
׼ۼĶԾǽΪ춯صһսҲҶ˳ԼͶǿ֮Ĳࡣ
ǿȵĶԾ˵ǲˣսԵпܻᱻ
һǶסȻữΪɻҡ
֮սԽԽң֮ĶҲʧˣÿ˶ڽŵĹעսϵı仯
һ·Сܵһˣ˶Ǵͷţ廹塣
˵սʮأ˭棿
Ǹ˵ʲôȥƥУһսǷڵϣȻȫû˿
ȻѤõĹâʧ֮ǳԾķ֣ˣ߲㱦һĻʵʵıС
ֱ˿̣岿ųһŵһҲ׷ˣղսܣʣµһսҲûбҪٴˣֱˡ
䣬ʤǻȸʲôҲûҪˡ
ˣˣ
һ߲㱦ȻŴ׳һ޴ĺڶѹ¡
䣡
һ죬е˲նףŷԶݵ޾ǿ
ܣܵ˵Ȼ䣬Ƭս֮أ
ٴγ֣ʱ֮Ƶһ֮£Ƭˣγһ޴ĺڶ

߲㱦һ⣬صĻϣʱײú˰Զڲˡ
۱֮ײԴԴϵĳȡάֵ۱յ״̬п಻
սڣѾ̫ˣȻΪ׼ۣʱάָյĵ۱ҲܣȥΪ׼Ҳᱻʱڽˡ
飡
飡
飡

Ʋˣ߶߲㱦۱񹥣ѹȫתˡ

һλЦʣѾݵ˿첻ˣһսʤ
ʱЦ˵޼ɵ׼߱ذܣпܾʹ䣬Ժ޹˼ɡ
ЦλܶôĴ̶Ʊǿ߿ǲˡ
һ̣˵Ķᵽɤۣ½׼֮һѪʢԴ
Ǿ۱ĵ̣ԪѪ˥ȻΪҲǿʵ죬ֵܹѾΪˡ
䣡
߶߲㱦ٴشߣ㽫ˣѪѣѪ
֣ɣ
һĻԺѣܾ߰ѶӲͦȥֻ·һ




1637 ڲͬ׼

ϵѣ߰̾˿Ȼս䣡
£߻˸һվսǡ
ߣ󣡡
׼һ˻Ӫ
ʵȻǿִҲ޿κΣֻա
۱ϸˣ
ʿ˵ʲôϢһʱ䣬˵ͷһ㲻Ӱ
ǿǶ̫ǿˣ߳һ磬һ̫֮Ļг嵽־ģսͱ߳˲١
׼۾ֻһС磬Ҳǵ蹵һ㣬Խ
ֵܹѾΪף˭ҲĿʲô
һ̣˶ڰиֵ̣ĻԵӵʵԿѹ죬ΪӮþԵʤ
֮䣬Ѫߴصսǣ޹⣬һսܵشҲ˲ٱԴ
棬û°ɣ
۱Ʒһӭסߡ
Ǿ۱ĵ̣൱ܺϽ򲻿κʧ۱һ޴Ĵ
İɣˣ
߲Цһеӭĺ죬Բҹ˴ҵûӮⳡԣ
ʲôҲ˵ˣѾˣǴҶˣ
ҲӭʱˣѾָһЩս
˸ջصսϿգҶǰȡһƿС
ƿһķҷƮֳ˵۾
ڳʶ֮ˣƾ̸ɶ϶ƿбȻǻָٵĹ屦
ȣһ۹һޱȡ
Ҳϻֱӵ̷ȥڳͷ֮ϣȣصۿԿٶȷɿ츴ԭ
Ѫâʢһoһ㣬ׯϣ˿û֮ǰݵӡ
ҶûнƿӹתֵݸϣٶǳԪ޶࣬˵˵
һɲǣܶʿҶ۹ⶼ˻ȣ⡣
ʿ䣬ǱȴһƬȸԾ
ǿƻߣΪ˲ϺʿкһЩսɵֿʼ
Ҳˣô޳һСһеŵ˵
ĻкܿӮһƬͣܶսǿ߷׷׿Цƺûн
Ц̶ܴʿȫɫһ裬ڵǵĶ⡣
Ȼ
˾ǰˣ
޻˵Ψ׼׼һսǻսʤĻôʣµı仹ûбҪȥ˵ˡ
Ҳսʤһѣ壬Իδ˭Ц󻹲һأ
һλϵʿѹԼ͵Ԫ֮Ӷ԰
ܺã壬ѡ˭һս
һĿ࣬׼ʷϸ߿գ˫֣Į˵
ս㣡
ԺԺɫƽȴȻףء
֪·
׼һɲǼ˺ѿռ䣬һԭʧˡ
ͨӥ̨Ѿս˫֣ۡ
ৣ
ϲһڽܲ˲ͻ˿ռǰս
׼սսѾһƬţһЩƯеıƬ֮⣬ֻһЩʯڻΧӴ򻺻תƬսĲ뱯׳
ս֮⣬ӥ̨ϵ˸飬ͨ취Իսеһжӳ˳ʵɼ
һ̣廹嶼ŵס˺ⳡսغ˺δɵǲš
ǿΪϲһһ׼ȥų⣬׼ϢƵ
ر𣬺׼ʲһ
ԭ׼ʶϲ̬ʮջ𣬵ʱӦϲϢ΢΢üʲô
Ҧ
ϲƽĿڣ嫵棬ǳڻ
ԭԺԺȻҦҵˣѹֻܹ֤׼ۣ
ֱ˿̣кܶʿ֪ԭԺԺȻ̫źպҦᡣ
һֱǶֻ֪ϲûм֪ˣֱ˿̲Ź
ҦǴӻĹ֮ǰһգڶ࣬˵ǧɱ۾ҦһƾԼĴ֤ɵۡ
Ȼ
ȴûκιѪ͵ͳĹ似ʷĳ֮С
ҦֱԾһСļ壬ȫԺ͵ֻͥҦǳ͵ٳ
ϲȻֻվû˿׼۵Ϣ֮ȴܹǰ׼ʷͥ񣬲˿ƿԡ
ÿһʿĵĸо֪Ǵǻþбޱƶ·һܹսʤ֣ΪӮⳡһ
ΪΡҸоϢܹŹ֣
׼Į֮ɫȥϸֳһơ
岻֤֮ͬ಻ͬȻһϲƽ˵
ԣ㵽֤ĵҪһ׼ǿ󡣡׼ʳ
ô£Ϊλ֣׼ʳͨѯʵ
ܲһЩŹ֣һͬ׼Ҫǿ󡣡Ľ˵
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һƬȻܹһĸӵ޳İǵĽ˵Ļ׼ʾжǿ
㻹ûлشң㾿֤ʲôĵٴοʵ
ʱͬˣÿһλ׼۶Ƕһ޶ڲͬġϲƽ˵
󣬵ȴ羪һڽը죬ü׼ʾǿ߶һɫһαˡ
ǿߣĥ˼ҲǴʧɫ
һʲôʱ
ϹźʱѲͬڹȥˣݵ֣߳˿֤߶ɼ
Щһþž޵ʿҪ֮ȴǵԶգ˷ձУȴгɡ
Ϲ֮ǰͬعδʱ߾۷ټ׼۸嶼УҪ޳ɣ֮׵öࡣ
񣬾ǰ֤ʱ֤ģ֤Ļ֤ġ
ڵѾ̫֮ǰֻˣʥëǰϡ٣˵׼ˣ֤Ѷȱ̫֮ǰ֪˶ٱ
̵£ҪƵ֮ݣһպ蹵ǲܵġ
Щܹ߾۷壬ɾ;ʥһǾžޣÿһ˶Լص·ǸִԵٳɵģ޷ơ
ֲ֤¶һƵ֮ݣҪôǿ־ʣ
ִ󱳾֤׼ۣÿһ޿ɱģڲͬģ
ֻǳ֤ҲǿµģΪ֤³ɹģ




1638 ϲķ
ʱͬˡ
һ׼ӿˡ
̫֮ǰʢ
ʱƬصľǣһڲͬʱ޵£ѹࡣ
̫֮صǷת䣬ֹֻһʣ࣬˲ֹһλۡ
ˣ׼ʵһֱ٣ࡣ
Ϊڵʥأ̫֮ǰӲӴгģعû̫仯
Ҳ˵֤ĻȻ֤ͬ׵ö࣬Ȼͬ£սҲ׼ۡ
׼Ȼ٣ֻҪһǶǳ˵ģмɵ
ҵҪһľѧôкγ
һֱӶˡ
ᣬȶʱһ콣صı鲼콣֮
صƻɣǿһ׼֮սʱһͻʤ
ৣ
ϲһӣص˲һ޴ƣһѽ콣ץУֱĥˡ
һĻǿ߶ŵͷƤ飬һȻû飬͸ĲҲĸ֪һжǿ
Ȼ
ǿһȻͽֽˣҦ׼ѵôǿ
ҲţҶ׼ʾ磬㲻ܱҸǿ
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ԼǿһȻͽֽˣ޷ܡ
ˣ
˫ۼĹâ۷ɳһֺգ۷ɳһ£²ĥһ㣬ϲɱȥ
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䣡
ձϢƵս·Ҫһ㡣
һ͸ӥ̨ͱĻ棬ԾɸܵĪѹ·Ҫһ㡣
Զڵϵ˶ֲֿܵѹ֪ϲڳѹ
һ̣˵ĶᵽɤۣĬĬϲܹӮⳡս
֮ϣսУϲɫ£˫ֻʱ·ֹһ㣬ΪֲĻϢĹ켣
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ɱɢֵҶһ·ûоͷһʹߵΪɱɢֵҲ
һ׼ʹɱɢ֣ǵжôֲĹ
Ҷ붼ˣעϲַ
أⲢȫɱɢ֣ɱɢֻкܴġ
ҶԼãɱɢֻҪһĳض·бɣϲǽһЩ·߻˷ӡ˳
䣡
ձ飬һ޴챮ͻأԻӲɣ͸Ųѹ
޴ʯ˲񷣬̻ǳޡһϹȵȡ
˵޴챮ϼ̻һɵ񷣬Ƶѹʮء
䣡
챮ʥ⣬ѹ£ɵֱӽ˫ĺպײˡ

һ춯صĲҽУ˫۵ѪҲ챮ѹȥҪڵء
ʲôܣ
ڶëȻǿ츳˫ۻḥ֮̂Կɱͬ׼ʡ
Ȼϲ챮֮£һжûеֵס㱻ײˣʲô
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෴ǱһХĻϲ̫ǿˣȫѹ֡
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˫Բɫ죬ϱǿҵâȻȴԾɵֲס챮ѹ䲻ʵϥÿһͷ죬Ҫըˡ
սϵǹâصݺᣬ֯һƬȵѹ·

͵һѪԻ˱壬һɽǳһľ޴񣬻ų⡣
ȻȻԻҲУ챮ѹ£ûʲôܹѵġ
˫һչȻȴεر챮ѹ·ڣʼѲˡ
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ǵ޷챮£ܵѹˣڱ죬ѹˡ
£ȥͱɣȻǣҲֲסˣëжѪȥҡ
ȻҲǸͻ׼ʣ·ϲδߺԶʵȴǳǿԻ֮󣬸ǿֲȻȴȻ쿸סˡ
챮·һƬأ̺ΰܿ⣬׼ҲС
𣡡
Ƭ춼ҡȥʮعڲ
һ̣챮Ȼ𽥱䵭ҵţѹסļ
ס־ʤϲĿ첻ˣһҪס
׼ʳ״ţΪ͹ľ
ʿȫһѺаϲܹѹ֣ΪӮؼԵʤ
׼۾ıԣһһƽˣ̫Ҫⳡʤˣ
һϲܣսıԾˣ
ԺıӰ̫ǾԵģ
һ̣ʿϣϲϣܹѹ֣Ϊδȡһϣ
򣡡
ǵУϲХһ˫ִһ⣬û챮֮У챮ٴʵ
ϲӰһ˱̫Ҫҫ۵Ĺâ̤챮֮ϡ
һĻ棬ȥǶǡԺԺϲ̤챮֮ϣ׼ѹ̧ͷ
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Ѫž죬챻ѹˣ궼סֲֿѹ޷챮ӳȥ
һ֮ѹͬ׼ʣϲ޵֮ˣִ󻷾ͻƵ֮ݣ֤׼۵սѹͬ׼ʡ
Ļ棬۹ȥ꣬ӡǵ޷ĥ
廹壬ϲ޵֮ˡ

ܲסѹŭ𣬻Ѫ궼챻ĥˡ
Ȼ
һ̣ϲȴͻȻһЦȥƣȥ챮һϢȥˡ
ԣս֮Уããеǳеoɣ
˶֪Կ׽ɱȻȴûҲûĹ
ؼһƬž˭Ҳû뵽ϲվȻѡ֣޵֮ս˶֣ȴû
塭Ȼдǰ
˰죬̾˿˵
һսϲչֳͬ޵еս壬ǿȫѹ壬չֳ˴ǡ岻ǲҿսֻ֮飬ȫְˣ
壬ǺսɵЩеǣɫͨ죬صͷ
Ƕ壬ݣУû뵽ȴԵ±Թȫɱǵ׼ʵʱѡ֡
һԱȣҲԼ̫ˡ
Ϊʲôɱң
Ҳϲ׵ķŹ
Ҫ֪֮䲢˽˶Թ֮ĳޣȫȥϷ£ϲȫѪȾսڴˡ
ԩԩ౨ʱˣǲսѣԸƽദͬչͿǵ̬ˣϲ
ԣһ𣬳Ĭ˺ܾã̧ͷϲ˵ҷˣķڷӽ𣬲˵̬ʲôҽһ壬Ըѣ




1639 ʥ֮ս
һ׼սĻϲԾѹⳡԵʤ
׼սʤܶ˶̲סϲӯ
ⳡʤ̫ˣ
Ӯˣ
½׼ۿѹʣ
ϲսʱսǷˣɽХһ쳹
˷֮࣬ܶҲɻ󣬲ϲΪշŹ׼ʽûȡ
Щ˿ЪϢţɱͨƽ񣬿νۣ顣
Ȼлһ׼ʣֶΪ
ΨҶһЩߣҲϲеϾ׼ʣǱڵв
ϸһ룬ףϲĵط
¸ϲǻۣΪĿ֮һϲִǻǺܶһʿģ
һսȻϲûɱ֣ȴӮ˶ֵغͳŵɱ˶ָ㣬ֻܹġ
ʵȴðֶܶɱߣ·עߵԶܶࡣһλ׼̾
Сˣȫ֣۰
һ̾һ嶼һĻ
֪ӽ𣬽ڻĽһ壬۷ˣٺΪУʿһصĴ
ݵϢ֮飬̽һıԣԵĵصԪ֮һϵʥս̨ϽС
˶֪׼۾ıˣʿ䣬Ҫһʤʿ
֮ǰԼõģ޷ѣֻܴӦ
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ʥıҲǷΪֱŻʳľԺԺɮܺʥӭս塣
ǱΰŵģǾͲö֪ˣȻʥսȶԷҲѡɳǿľʥѡ֣Ͼⳡغ˺δ
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׼ʳ˵
ʥս̨Ԫ֮ϿգҲ֪ڶˣഫ׹󣬼̲֧࣬ʥսõĻԵѡ
ս̨ΧԪط򱣻ȱ磬Ҳս̨ʴ
׼ʳ׺־ͬʱ֣һԪ֮Ͽջֳһ²ɣĹս̨
ƽռ䣬ս̨֮УΨп֮ŻԻ
ӵս̨ʯɣÿһʯͷ϶һңԶֲҵع¡
ʥս̨ڿУܲŵĺۼѪ߲Ҳ֪жپʥڴˣս죬һ
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˵أĪУ·һɲǾ˳ǧδսܵžֵ
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ǧʥսֿ̨ˣղ֪ЩǿҪѪȾʥ̨ˡ
ܶһﶼڸпʥս̨ÿһοоʥǿ䣬һβ֪˭Цʥս̨ѹ֣Ⱥۡ
ৣ
һһХһ⣬ʥս̨ϣֶɨʿһۣ˭һս
˸֣˵൱Ŀ˿ûнǿҪԽǿ
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ս壬֮
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ŻʳľѵȺʱһȣһâʥս̨
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콣䣬ÿһɴݻһ̫ɽ㵽˵Ĺʥս̨궼Ų
廹壬ֲֿĹûܹȻ֮Ԫطѹ̫ǿˡ
°̫ˣȸһǧ겻û뵽ȸﵽľ磬ǿ߰
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һһǧһϢ·һ㡣
ϣǲֵܳģǾŻʳľƾطʹһȻԻһ
䡢䡢䡢䡭
ɫײ죬ܶǿ߶һϢڵϣɸ
ǿײշ·𶼱ˣΪһƬ֮أʲôˣۣҲûа취塣
ৣ
ŻʳľڣѪĳ˳ֺܶѺۣ˲ش
ճһöʥ۵糸ȥҪս
𣡡
ȸʥս̨ϣһɽӱ飬嫵ʥս̨Ʒˡ
Żһֳһص磬˸Źâס˿ȸűɱһ˳ӳʥս̨Ѿֻʣ°ˡ

ȸЦҲ̫˰ɣֱǲһɸõҪʧźá
ʥ䣬һҰܸգȸȴų̂ǰʥս̨ȴڶλʥս
ȸ裬ǿ߸λ󶯣Ҫ̨ȥݺݽѵһ
Ҳ֪Żʳľˣ㱻ɱοǣ
Сݵòս㣡
һϺʥһʥս̨˫ۼâһȸɨȥ
㲻У
ȸһĿ˿ʥָһһָصҡҡ
̼ʥλ󶯣˵ֱӿһȭձȭ֮
Ǿ۵ĺˣ
ȸһ似ϿˣǾ۴ȭ
Сɣ
ʥɽӣչһȭɽա
ҪΪ㣬۵ĺΣʵӲ
ȸһХȣһ¯âɣѪӿһƵ
䣡
Ҳչ˷һһ㣬ɫ⣬ʥսһ
飡
˵ȭͷײһ𣬱һƬɲĹâȫûˣγһƬĿֲ
رʥս̨ϴĺڶʥս̨㸲ˣֻܿĿĹâ֮ս




1640 ʥ
ʱ·ֹˣַ·İֻء
޲ڽŵעʥս̨֪˽ֵҲΨִκϸڡ
һҲͬǳţȸȷǿսʥǿߣܻʤ
ֳռˣ廹壬˵ĶᵽɤۣԼܹʤ
ۣ
ȸѪ޵ĺڶе˳ѣ䡣
~
ʿʱһʥʤˣȻܲףϾһ֡
ɫѿһ˪һ㣬ȥ
Ȼ
δ˵Ļʥս̨ϱָƽʥվʥս̨ϣӰͷѿԽɷ룬ò
ۡ
ѪȾ˳գʥΪѪ࣬ͷѩ׵ӣȻȸеˡ
ɸ¥һ̤գӽĶ±ۣ
˶ɵˣԭΪʥսʤĿȸû뵽ȻĽ֡
ɱúã
ȸ䣡
徭ݵľ֮󣬶ʱ纣ХһĻǿ߿ٳʥս̨ȸȥ
һۣȸҲûսˣȴƴ˵ҵʥԳصĴ
һʱ䣬һǧɣÿ˵ͷһ㲻Ӱ
䣬һʤһܷάϣάͳελͿһˡ
Ѫǿȣһʱռƣһı䣬ܻʤ
෴ȴƱǣʿ磬սʤ壬ɱ˵ʥʿ
ʱƻ裬Ѫı߾߶һ㲻Ѫɫ
ৣ
һߵʥս̨ɨȥʱ仹磬ô˻ὫһҲ˰ɣһս
̫ˣ
浱˲ɣ
̫
ƣսѪڣ۷׷ףһݺݵĶʥս̨ϵߣ޲̽ܡ
ʥıУѾѾǽˡ
һ£Ȼ˵̨սٻɱһʥͬʱ30ʤƵȵף
ŭ֮࣬˶֪岻ˡ
սԱһصĴͬʱҲ档
һһ˸ƽ֣һ㣬ԣһսҲҪӮ
ڴĿУԺԺɮվֻС
٣ǴԲѣ
һǿҵɷǧɱĲսһ㡣
ǳһ壬׼ʳͬһ壬ʵɲ⡣
ҪڣʥıһҲӮˣݺݴһơ
ৣ
ɮܽһֱӴԭʧʥս̨ϣңңһҲɷӰ졣
ʥս̨Űɮ죬Ʈսɣɢʥ⡣
˿̣Զʿס˺йעսϵˡ
˶ڰԺԺһҪӮʿһǰδеľ޴
ɱ
û˿ϻֱӿһȭȭâһɳɫצɮȥ޴ѹȵ˴
ž
Կ񱩵ĹɮֻƮƮһĳҵʥһճʥս̨ϣҫؼһƬͨߵĲȥˡ
һʱ䣬äܶʵһЩʿ˫۵Ѫ޷ֱôǿʥ⡣
䣡
һ촫ʥս̨ˣߴɫʥûɢڿС
ʥս̨һɻϢ˾塣
㹦컯һϢʴȻᱻԼһΪ͵ڻ֮䡣
ܶʥǿ߶̲סһëȻ׷׺ˣ±⻯ϣ
һĵ㺮Ǿʥսûдﵽ֮ǰܡ
Ҷ޶վһȻʥս̨ԶҲоֻص
ֲ̫ˣԭΪԼѾǿˣڲ֪Щʥһǿȣǲ̫ˡħһ̾
ҶҲоһëȻĸоڳˣǿܹһЩ
Ȼǿ󣬶ԻҲУ֪Ŀֲ
һմȾϣϾǱɣʥǿߣҲա
ಣ
ʥһԺԺɮܻһʥг˳ǵʥӲס˻
ţҲ˳ڣŽɫƬͬס˻
˻
̲סһ𾪵Ըӡ
̫ǿˣȻƾԼʵס˻ֱ˼飡
һ۾ܿεƴУѷһȻûˣ·ȴûбס
ţٴγ嵽һȭӣͨ似㲻˶
Ϊ˸δ˼ƴˡ
䣡
ȼԼս˲˫ֱצָţһ߳Ĺâÿһ˺ա
ɮܺʾͬһʱҲȼҪǮƵĴ
¡¡
һӺǳ֣һſŴǱ̫Ҫ貣ƬʥսҪȼһĿֲ
ǡ
ǳԺµĴ֮һ
һƬ֪ⳡԣɮӮˣˣȻҲܴӾǳȫˡ
飡
飡
飡

ÿһǳɽһ޴ѹ˺䳡צײ
䣡
һǳӲ˫צ˺ˣա
һֲּĳ㾭ǰʥĴսǻûˡ
ľʥ֮ײֱֲ˼㣬ͨʥǿҲ޷С
ͨʿ˵ǲ뵽ս֮ˣǾǧԶоһɻ
˵ĶᵽɤۣҪ䣬ȴкڣһԼû䣬Ҳøⳡս
ֺο߻־Ÿյĵ۱壬Ҳ
ϾһʥУҲû˵ʲôȻǱ䣬Ǿǲɱġ

޾ǳѹ䣬Ϳסڻ߿ǳ֮ڱݺײһ£ɣѪɫƬȫ䣬·һĴһ㣬Ѻۣ˲ش۵糸Ҫս
ӣ
ս룬ɮܰȻһ𣬺嫵ʥս̨Ҫˡ

һ׻ѿͷ­֫ȫ롣
ۣ
ͷ­ҲըˣԭͿܲסˣһ׵ѣ

˴㶣һȻɮܻˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ֱ˿̣кܶ˲Լ۾塭




1641 ս
ҹˮ
ҶսߴĽ¥֮ϣİǿգĳ˼͸п
ɮԾƻɱ֮嶼䶯ˣ
һսĸȺʶɺǿȫԺǲ档
ʱ򣬼ЩսɵҲĬˣͨһսʶһչȫսδؾʤսʤ壬ҲԪˣòʧ
Ȼȫ壬Ҳȫսǿǿ壬ҲкܶС壬С廹ռһ󲿷֡
ҪǣĻ̫Ӵˣÿһвܳһʿ԰ڼƵӴ˵ʿɷǳࡣ
սĻ˫飬սʹ˽һıպС
˶֪Ҫսˣպı˵Ҫ
ѶߣҲصսУֻмϹŶ
Ȼ˫ѾЭ飬ҪиʲôСϾǰ֮ǰ岻ò
ϰϰҶսǳǽϣͷƬİǿգ

Իںδ
һƬȫİǿա
ȻѾˣʼ޷ƬصԼļ硣
ΪļԶԿĸҪˡ
ɽҶ껣ҵʦδıĸϣΪԸ
ֹ̧һҾƣҶֽƿԶ۾
޷˵ѡ磬ȻΪȷƽȶΪѰĸ׵ټ
ûһԼʹȻ˿ڶ࣬Ҫãã˺ѰһضˣòûмˣǱȴ뻹ѡ
ٸһƿҾƣҶϥڷ֮ϣң޾ǿգŽ̤ǿ֮·ʲôӵġ
е֪УǿûпһƬգ˸δ֪Σգͨ˸޷Ļ档
ʱͻȻӦһϤϢٱƽɵһʹ
ûͷ֪ѾΪ¶ͯ糿
Ҷ磬ʲôأ
ͯ糿ϷҶ߲Զһį˵
ûʲô̫࣬Ҳûʱú룬أȥúʲôҶʵ
˵Ҷ磬֪ƾڵʵҪΪǱǲܵģɽűչأŬԼʵͯ糿˵
ȥչҲãľƷǳңƹûǿʵ޷Ա
Ҷ˵ֻչصĵصҪ͵۱ܲȥչذɣҸ˵һӦûġ
Ҷ֪ͯ糿һΪűԼһңҲһƬ棬ʲôطȥչأ
ͯ糿ȴҡͷܾˣҶ磬㲻Ϊҵģһǳܵĵطں̶һȥչأʱĻȥҡ
ͯ糿ᶨĿ⣬Ҷ֪ôȰҲûˣֻõͷİɣһʱһȥģԼһСġ
˵ţҶһ֣óһСֻȭͷ󣬵ȴǳӡ
һսƷеʯЩҩ֮ģֻҪǼۻ굤ģҲȫСˡ
ţһЩʯҩҩصʱã
ҶСݵͯ糿Уݾܾ˵
⡭ðɣ
ͯ糿֪ҶƢľκ˸ģһů
һҾˣպıҾͲˣҪͣΪɱ𣡡
˵Ϊɱʱͯ糿ľҵĲš
ĺۿҶһѡ֣Ϊ⣬Ϊѵͬű
ȻҲ֪壡
ΪҶһģ벻һڵҪľƴʵΨԼʵǿˣΪףΪλϣΪͬŵʦʦ㣬ʦʦǱѩޡ
ʱ˵ĺҪûҶʺݣҲûˣţܲ׾
һģ
ҶصĵͷȻ粢ûйУȴǿҵĸ顣
Ψһ뵽ţҲΨһǣҵĵطɱҲܷŭͱˡ
һҹ޻ڶһ磬ͯ糿ûоκˣܾҶͣһȻ뿪սǣɽȥ
ͯ糿ߺ󲻾ãҶķ䣬֪ͨСһ£һºıˡ
ҶȻܾһһƧСƹݡ
յſڣҶ洫ħ˵ĶɵݸһЦ
ħͬȻΪħڣʵȴһֻͬĹͬѡ
ȻҲ֪Ĳֻͬ࣬Ҫһ𣬲ͻܡ
߽СƹݣҶһսʮѡ֣Ѿˣͺðˡ
˶ˣΨûйɺ͹ˡ
֮ؾ֮󣬹ɺ͹˳ױˣһ˶µⳡ䣬ĲΪ顣
˶ˣϲ˰ɣ
ºһкһʵݵĲȱ
ӣ⡭ȫ⣬͹⣬˱ǡ
ıγ˭ʲô뷨˵Ǵһۣ˵ţºһĿ̳ϵ⣬Ϊҵơ
ľ滹֪Ҳ޷Եİţֻܵȱ俪ʼʱپˡһھƣӲ˲ǵľ˵
䲻Ҳи׼ɣҪ˵϶һʵǿĴһĿľսǣʿӦôţ޶˵
ҲͰһǸǿģһԲӮˡħһ֣ݺݵ˵
ôţʲôʱϳ
ĵ۴̩ɨһˣ˹˵
һӳĬˣȻû˵˭ȴף˵ǹɺ͹
Ҫȥͷ䣬ЩϼһǾġӼһһ߳һ˵
УҲݵİҿʼе㲻ô̫ˣ
ħĿɿڴ̾
صؽһ֮Ҿè塣
Ҷ˵ԼĿ˫ۣɱⱬµٶ඼ãˮڡֻҪϳţһնһ




1642 
ʱתۼ
峿һϼ⻮أͮͮĳԵƽ𣬽ɫĻԹأΪսƽЩ
ʱս֮Ⲣ壬ӰӰ´£飬վˣҲ֪жʿն
ңڼУղʱѿһӶݵֻ߳ΪһսѾȴʱˡ
ﱾһƬʺĻҰȴɽ˺һߣΪһ澰
һУΪͻȻսѪϴɺɵģ
ŭˣʿԷĸϵҪֻع
˵ǰĴս֮ϲǲΰ룬׼ۼսǿƻʤȻϲ
Ȼ
ʥսȴˣһʥڵ˵һγصĴ
ǵ飬Ҳһһ䣬ʤڴһ٣޷αѹĻ彫óƬĵ̣ȫսɱҪ
ǰͬվڵһߵĳ˼ϲ֮⣬ҶʮҲڣһս߰ʢѪ͸ֱ
֮⣬˺ʯҰ˾ơ˾Ҳˣ˿ȺйעҶˡ
һϵ˺δս˶ϣϡ
ܷ׵λãܷ񱣳һƽȫϵҶʮˡ
̫ȽȽ𣬳ϼأı߾һƬ֮ضһϢ
ȻϢûάֶãĵ˲䵴Ȼ޴棡
壬αĹҪڰĹˣǾܾ䣬ֱӿսһۣһԪ֮ӵĶ԰˵
û⣬ֻҪƽûԺϻش
Ǻã飬ǾĹ£һѡֱʮµʿڶʤ߿ѡ˳ҲѡҲ˵ֻҪܹʤһҲеı
ЩǶֱ֪˵Ĺˣϲͷ˵
Ǻã
һҲûΪ˻ƽصܼ򵥣ȡԵǳѡ֣Ǻһ԰ϳĴ򡣡
θ
߲һ䣬аЦ϶ϴκսʱ˿ѧˡ
ȴɵЩǶ֪ϴĴսܹ֮սʤ壬Ĳԡ
ѡ̨ͶֵĻֲԾûˣƽһսսʤ
˶֪Ѫǿϣͬ£嶼Ķ֡
αϵδһսıȻѡǿߡ
һ̣˶ĿͶ׼ʳףֻһЦϹ鱦ֻҪѡֽԵϢ룬鱦ԶǵĶ֡
˵䣬жһӵ鱦ӾһС͵̣̻ź̫ܶŷģɢâȥء
ạ̇̄
һһǿ߷׷ױɫ
һ֪Ϊһǿ߾Բ
˼ǣսʱǰ𣿡
Ժ˫ȭգɫ࣬ǿֵ̳ĳ嶯˵
ܹһֹˮ׼ʧ̬ɼһսǶôң
Ҷ΢΢ȻûǳžĲҴսȴսиܹ֪һսĲҡ
ֻ֪ĴսҲѡֵģֻǵһս廹壬ȫԪˡ
Ϲʼʥ˵ܹӰ쵽˵ȵȣ
֮ݷΪѡ弸ȫսˣо
һΣǾɻᣬҪһˣܹսʤĻǾ˵ȫ
Ȼֻܰ飬ֻһԳһǿݷˡ
ϴδսܹսʤǣҲһԡ
岻κս
ΪѵǱѩܣ
ڶʿŭսγһɿµķ籩ϯ߾ߡ
ˣȻǱȻҪƽУǵĶ֣Ҿƽˣ˵أ׵˵
ãǾͽȨ̰ɣ
ϵͷͬ飬ϲҲĬ飬Ͼƽģ
ܺãȻҲͬˣǾ׼ʼɣ
׵ͷ̴ֽ̧С
䣡
ʱ䣬̱ǣþ޴ޱȣڿлתţ·ĥһ㡣
ѾȲˣ
һĴһЦһǰֽ̧ԼϢ֮С
䣡
̹âһУͬС
漴߳лѪʼĺĺᣬͬѪ֮Եǿᡣ
Ƿ׷׽ԼϢ֮УŹâһҫǵҲ֮С
ˣҪ˵ǲңһᳰ
Ҿֱɣ϶һе˵
岻϶ѣƾʲôսʣѪǶУ
һӵлѪɨҶһۣƵ˵
ҶʶԺİۣ˵ΟһģΟһһʣеλǳߣѪ֮ǿ
Ҫ񣡡
ҶһȣǰֽԼϢ֮УʱâһҲ֮ڡ
Ҷ
ӪУ˺
˵Ӱ
ҶһʱͷĴ˵ԺһսҶɱɢǿƻ˵ǿ죬Ǹǰȥ۵˲ĥӡ
ҶȻûкٽѾڲ
Դϴ峤۵ǰԺ֮Ҷֱвֶߡ
Ȼϰ۽Ҷ͵һǴʵȴǳӣΪҶȻܹǿ˶ˣ϶ǱѰһС
˿Ҷ֣ܶǿ߶׷ͶĿ⣬뿴徿ǲǳͷۡ
ͨд˵еô𣿡
ڿҶһ˲䣬ܶжðһ뷨ǿҶȷͨ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ҶһվŴ󺷷еϴĽܡħħҲ½վдԼϢ
ŵâǵӰҲӡ֮У
ʮˣʮˣȫԻ֮ϣΧһ޴ԲȦ̻ת




1643 ȿֺɱϷ
ı߾ϣԪ֮һǵһب롣
˿̣Ԫ֮Ͽգһ޴ڻת޾ѹ֮С
ԴҶ˽ԼϢ̵һ𣬱㽫˽ڤڤе
һ̣ѹֵ˼㣬ҪϢˡ
߾˶ݵĳţ嶼ڵȴţȴһ̴սı
ͻȻ̿ʼ٣תٶԽԽ죬̱̫ҪǿҵĹâҫ۾
һӣ̲âҲˣҶʮ˺ʮᾫӢӰٴθ֮С
꣡
âһһϼһһ׵ϡ
ʱǸϱһ͵Ĺâʾŵһ˾
ǰ׻һĺᣬΪڶǴ磬һǿţ
УʵҲܹһŽǰʮ
׻һ屾ڶ֧еһ壬Ǻսɣһֱӿսڽ¡

һľȻԼ׻һĶǴʱЦѣüֳһɫġ֣о֮ɫ
컯컯û뵽ҾȻǵһҵĶ˭ɣɣ
׻ЦŴʥս̨ĿҶɨȥ
Ϊ׻һǿˣһף˫绢צһ㣬ⳤ·Ĺâȥ
ߣ˶һΪѡѾˣȻǹżҵǿ˹
ѡʮУʵһǾ˵֮ؾΪһıչأʵԾ޷ȡ
˶֪׻һо壬ǿѪ֮ǲȻ
ȻǹŵۼǿˣǶϰ׻һǿˣϣĲ
Ҳû뵽̾ȻһѡԼʱһɬ
Ҳ֪Լʵʮģԭ̵ԺǿôҲܵһѡ
ƫƫ˸޴ЦһѡҶֻе崫ˡ
ı鱻׻һǿ˰ռ뿴һɵÿЦ
Ǻ£䣬Ҳɱ㣬Ҫǰүүռһ˵
㡭
岻ʿλ󶯣Ҳ̫۸ˣֻҪеѪԣ˭̵

ôһһֱӶ֣ŵȭգռŴȥ
ϣ
ռһмӶצӭڹȭͷϣһ

ռ֣һԻצһצâһؿڴȥ
˲ݣռȻȷпıǮʵʵֲ̫ˣûжͨ似ȫƾ㽫Ƶ׽⣬ƣмܡ
׻һȻûгʣҲԲСʮ֮ǰģʼ֮⣬ûʲôܹһ֮ϡ
ڵ֮࣬Ҳڷ׷š
սʩչͨ似㲻ȻȴԾ·硣
Խ򣬹ԽǳԾռ̫ǿˣÿһо޴Σǲò߾ȫ⡣
֮󣬹ԽԽˣǵҲŽѾܹԿֲסˡ
Ϊռʵ̫ˣӿսڣżȻʹһ츳ͨüļһ֣ɱȥʱȫͨ似͹ɱûйදá
ǿټ㲻ҲƵùƣмܣŭ
Ϊа׻һǿˣռ츳ǰ׻һõģǿĲ񻰣ζùŵϣȻȴǽðһĻǣ򲻶
෴ռȭâйһ㶼Ѫ߸Ͳһˮƽϣ̫ˡ
ԽսľԽ³ҲʶԼͲǰռĶ֣˿̶Էûɱ֣è׽Ϸʮַ޿κΡ
~
ڴսеʱ򣬰ռͻȻһƵʥս̨϶ʱ겻ȡ
ã
двٺˣϣܹһ١
Ȼ
Ѿˣ
ռں͹սٻغ֮Ѿʵһֱ˲ͻȻѣߣ
ڰռ뿴նɱһǿߣʿһμĹ裬̨ϣܾһԼĲܴ棡
Ϊһ־ڻʵĴȻʤ
ǲһΪϤսʽøôʱ䣡

ռ˫צ˲ͱȫĻצ״צӵһĹâա
ǰ׻һľѧʱ˫צһܹץǣ˺Ѳ񷡣

󺧣ǰδеΣϺˣ˫ȭŵֵһҪĻצ
ż˵ĸᵽɤۣδϣݳκʧ
Ȼ
ȴǵͷһ㲻ƣռ˲Ҫս̨
Ϊֹˣɣ
ռɭڹ𣬾һҲ˰֡

һ̴ٵĲҽдսеĹâȫʧ
û漣ˣҲռһԻצӲ˺ƬѪս̨ϣ֫⵽ǣ궼ɱˣ

żʹĴţĿѡ
˹֮⣬ǹżδϣȴƬսϣȫʬ

ʹı۾Ȼĺ˽Լϳ˵ĺ󱲻ǺܺõģȻҲᴫһЩŵ۵Ľˡ
˿̣ȴսɳˣгŨҵɱ⡣
֮⣬ҲΪеϧ
ֻǣû֪ǰһɲǣԱȫģֻϧռûиᣬӢۡ
չʤߣսһ
ռ뵧˵ϵ·һ˵
ĿҶɨȥ嶼Ļɫ̫ˣϣһܹǿһЩҪʧˡ
㡭
߼ֱˣһССİ׻һС壬ǿ벻̡
һ̣ܶ˺޲̵ʥս̨£Ϊ֮
ȻѾãģЩҲֻǿ裬ڴܹ壬Ϊǳһ
֣ɲܳԶʳҲֵָһЩҪǲһ˰Ⱥȫɱˣʲô
һ˵
ǣѾɱһˣϽ̨ɣѻǣ
λѡҲ׷׸ͣ˿ûнһŷ
̫ˣûκսԣɱһʣµĹ𣿡
ռЦӦƺⳡһɱ¾Ϸ
Ҳͬǳɣ˵˵ЦЦ˿ûнⳡϣȫһɱ¾ϷҶ˱ɱ¾ĸ
~
ʱеֿʼתˣԹƺҪΪռѡˡ
ռ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬ǿʵѹһ֣ԼĲܴ棡




1644 
Сף
׼ʳͻȻڣռ̨øδսһš
սһɣղʵڲ񫣬Ǹ̫ˣһ½Ƕ㲻ϡ
ռ֮ţٲȻûнһŷС
Уʤߣлٳ֣Ҳ֣һ¶־Σȡ˶ɳսն񣡡
ɨҶһָۣ˵
һ֣ѡеһŶл֡
ʥıǿƻʤǵЩһѪԶ壬˿ûнҶʮ˷
˵ⳡͺ壬ҶܹһЩ֮⣬ºû㹻ӡ
Ҳѹ֣ϢôͨϾʥһѾ̫ˣܼʱ˽⵽ӳϢ
ټҲ˵ӳϢ巽͸֪ˡ
ߣ˵ɫÿȴ˵ʲôϾʥıˣղһսֱĶǴռ˺飬ʿһصĴ
ڰռոʥս̨о޴̱㼤âֱҶ˺ʮ֮С
ҶߣŴ󺷷еϴĽȻһ׹⡪ѡˣ
쿪ʤɹСն£
Ľһֱ࣬ӽ£¶һ⣬ȥ뺷
ɴ⣬ǿԶʤͬǣҪԷɱҶ
Ǵɱ֪֮ǿᣬ¿Ľܴ֮³Կڻûϳ֮ǰ㽫ԼһЩĵþ˵һ¡
İɣҲǳصģֻҪеĻ壬СκβңĽ˿ûнҶĻϡ
˿ѾȫŭͷȻҲݹΪϾսսɳ
һսһҪӮҪȥĺ϶ǼĴ
ͬʱǱҲ߳һ߽ӽףͬһĺڴ󺺣ɫۼס
էһǺһ壬ʵȴǣױһٮٮߡ
ױǻѪңԶ̫֮ϣĹ䣬ױһ߳һʡ
ȥˣһĻѪѾʮϡӴȺУױһԾɺʼһĤݺ;η
ԭױһѪ̫֮ǿˣֻʮ֮һѪҲǼֲĴڡ
ղĹâǽϣֵ߶߶ģһѪЦöϲ£ˡ
컯컯ҾȻڶսˣ
ױһЦһ߻ζʥս̨ȥ
ǿȻѡɵûѡǣ
Ⱥ˭ĳˣ
ѵ˵ɵɵ̾Ȼѡ̫ƽˣ
ѡڱԹһǲǶ뾡սƫƫѡɵ
ױܺٺһЦҲûãĻ˵ии˸

ǵĶԻͨͨ취ʵԻǰʵʿеλ󶯡
ûнΪ˭սܹսʤѡγľӢ
ಣ
Ľûзϻֱӵս̨
ɣС࣡
ױһЦ̨
䣡
˫ʥս̨ϣҲͨգֱӱ㶯һҵĹâһ㡣
ĽΪŴ󺷷еϴʵȻǿּ̧һ似ɽ緢һ㡣
ױҲǳǿ󣬲ǿᣬͨ似Ҳǿһ޴ĺɫƱһڹ⣬·ڶһ㣬ס˿Ľܵǿһѹĸо
ţ
ĽȻľֱ˿뵽ҶѣԲܺⲫΪǿϣҶ֮⣬֮ͬмûܹŵǿ
οսĻǿֲɵױһ壬Ҵˡ
飡
ʮ֮ױƴӲĽһٳ嵽ǰȴһļͷֱӽĵúɳȥԶۻѪࡣ

Ľܲҽһ˫˲ˣһŤˣ˫ܵĳ޻棬ֱȼԼ
ž
һ죬Ľٴһµֱۣ˫ֹâһһǹ
ţһͷܣ߸ױܲ̥࣬
̥壡
Ľһȣһ죬ľӲУӵ˾ܵߺǡ
໡
ױܱŭĽսȻһΣѪʵԾױܵѪҺ
Ľ̥ܵȻһͷܣɴĵߣŭѡ
ĿĽܺһͷܲ˶٣һ˫Ҳģû

ױ˫ۼâҲʲôͨ似ˣһҪĽ˺ˣԱ輰Լ֮ܡ
򣡡
ĽȻò־ȴѣֱʩչԼΧ֮ڵ¶˲½һ£еˮԪѸһ޴ı̣סױܵĹ
򣿶ûãҲ򣡡
ױһһ޴ı̣ʩչԼ򣬾ȻǺ
˫ײںϣˣױᣬ˫ƽǰĻ񱩵ݿ࣬ʣı׶ˡ
ǹ죡
ĽܺޱȼյޣдǹŴ̹ǵĺױܵؿڴȥƾ졣
վǵС似
ױܴһϯʥս̨
ţܣһƽؿڵĴǹ޴İһӡڿĽܵؿϡ
ۣ
ܹͷѵĽǰ˲ȥ͵һڻѪȼյҲˡ
Ϊ̥ˣ
ױ˵ţһҼлһӽĽܵԴˣѪԽų漫Ѫȡ
ಣ
ױƺԴ󷢣ſһĽܵԽУһƽɢˡ

硭
Ľܡ
һƬңʯҰ˾˭Ҳû뵽һ
һ˽ս̨ˣ״ҡ
Ŵ󺷷ǸӯĽǱģû뵽һսȻ

ҶĿѣ˫ȭ߬ţָ׶УɫѪһһεĵȴ·֪һ
Ҫ֪ڵǿȣ˵ָף鱦δѪ
Ҳ̫˰ɣôʵҲҺǿ⣿ֱǿЦ
ױվ̨ϣһƲһҶˣŪ˵
˶սȭͷбԼ˱ɱʹˣ䣬˵Ҫˡ
˺˾СǸĿѣ
ȻǺͿĽһ࣬ϾֵܣǴС浽ֶȣȴս̨ϡ
Ŵ󺷷ҲǱ£ŭ񣬵ȴֻ֣ܳؿţ
Ľ֣㰲ĵȥɣһΪ㱨ҷģ
ҶѪģûһսɱˣɱиվ壡




1645 ʤ
Ľܵʬ屻˻Ȼȴʧȥͷ­ˣҶ
ѪδӢţ
һ徫ӢڷǼЩһǿҲ߲ѡ
Ҷ޲ϳϳ֣ױܱȭ£ΪĽܱ
Ȼ
ȴᣬս֮ױܱ㱻峤ٻ˻ȥ
ϾҪʼˣÿһʿǳţ֪һ̽ѡ˭
෴Ǳȴ쳣ɣʮ徫ӢѳսױܺͰռ֮⣬ʣ°޲ԾԾԡ
ǿһʵ̫ˣⳡһս֮ǰѡ
ţǶҶļɵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ǿͬ壬ŲһҶҲǿȥ
ɺڴ飬һâϼм䣡
ңѡең
һŮЦ߳ȣüһֻպϵۣ貨һʥս̨

̵ĹâϣϷһƬɰ׹⡣
ϧˣôѡأ
ɶǵΪʲôûѡأ
ûбѡе߷׷ױԹǳһޱȡ
̬ûнһӢУúܶʿŭѡ
ʱҶߵѡҲѾˣ׹һϡ
ħ
Ϊصħڵ»ʳҶһսʧ֮⣬һ·սһܼܶһǿ߶Ķ֣˵˺պ
һУҶ޵֮⣬ûܹսʤһٮٮߡ
ħͣ
ħ֣ξͿˣ
ħʤ
ǶԴħ˺ϣΪһ֣սʤ񲻿һ塣
٣ѪծѪ
ħЦţ󲽵ʥս̨۽ıӰһĪġ
ʥս̨һɲǣ˲˶㣬·һԶħһ㣬ɫħ
ͨ£ħϵħǻɫͺɫ֣ﵽɫħ˵״̬Ѿ۷塣
ʱĴħǿֲģںҶսʱûг
ͬʱȺеķӻȻķ⣬ԺڷŹ⡣
ԣǶԴħ״̬ĸӦ
˿̣ӱׯϣڲҡȻȴϴС˰޺̳һ㣬졣
ţ
ǲĿ˿ֿ˿ħʱ򣬺ܶ˶뵽»ʳϻ˵һ
ħʵλһģһֻħʱ죬ħ壬в˼鷢
ԭǻЩţںħˮݵ޵Уôַܳħ
ȻǿŴħʵ۷壬ӾȻҲĸӦ֮󣬱㲻ɵǲˡ
С
ħһȣһȭɫħӿնʴһڶɼһȭжǿ
ﬣ
Цһұۻᣬݺնڴħȭͷϣ֮
ǿ
ǲݣû뵽һŮӾȻҲǿֱۻɵ쵶һ㣬ѰʿԵס
Ȼȷпʱһôǿúܶ˵һ㲻Ӱ
û뵽ŮЩֶΣûãңɣ
ħ䣬ɫħ֮У¶ݡ
ߣԲѣ
һ˫ۻǰĻʱձ֮ݺύ
һֲּĹѰʿ޷ֵ֮ǣ޴ܣֻӲ
ħһϺȣɫħӿƣֵס˻֮ӣܿһûУ㿪Ҳ
ΣҶһ֪ħҪչԼǿ깥ˣ
֮սΪգͬʱҲΪع죬ʹħдʱʵһŽսܣŮҲǿ
˵ˣǿҲУûӦĹֶΣǿҲֻǰѡ
Ҷ֪ħ깥жôǿܹһΪӵרıټħĹֻҪħ磬Էɡ
һ̣ħڵļϱҲһ˿Цݣ֪ħжǿ
ϵȷͬʿҪǿһЩȴδء
ʥս̨һƬž·ûκδսصһЩǿ߲üǲ֪սϾʲô
ѵ֮ս
һͻȻ
ǶħҲһЩ˽⣬֪ħڵʿעע꣬ӵ似
ҺɶҲ깥طοɾ׶༪ˣһ峤ϲ޵ĵ˵
ս޷ģҲ޷ħħȥˣֻܾսĽ
ϲ˵𽥸ֳһ˿Цݣ֪һսлʤϣˡ
ʥս̨īƹߣֻͨȥжս
ȻսȴһƬžûˣԵøѹ֣
ܶ˵ĶᵽɤۣŵĵȴһսĽ
ǱͬǳţΪսͲóģΪ壬óĻ似ͨս
ʱһһεĹȥ˵ɫԽԽѿѾԤе˲
ʿɫҲÿսѾ˰ʱԾûзֳʤսϵħػõ˺ֻܶ࣬ĲԾī
ڵϣвϵгţɢʥķ⣬Ժ̫һ㷢â
Ҷ֣ʹħ֣˵սʤǸŮ𣿡޶չҶѯʡ
ħͨսѾﵽ¯ĵز岢˳ӦܹʤҶ
ǾͺãҲܲһεʧˣ
õҶĿ϶޶һƺ
һߣ̩ҲѯʣӵĻشҶͬС죬Ǿôħܹսʤ֡
ڴħʵ˵˭зȨӺҶˡ
ӺʹħǴСģʵ˽ⲻ
ҶҲʹħдĹֶκʵǷǳ˽ġ
˵Ŀ϶ܶ˶һĬĬعעʥս̨ϵĶ
ȥ
ħ
漴һҽдħдȻսһƬţħƻȥ뵽ħС
û⣬սһ߱ʬ£ɫĳʧȥ˹ȫޣ
ħҲܵشؿڳһڴ͸඼ժȥˣ类ݺһӵĴһѺۣ·һͻһ

ɶ
һƬܶ˶ȻľѽܣһʵǿɶȻˣ
ɱúã
ǷĻ
䶨
һսʤˣ




1646 Ҷɱ
ʤˣ
ܶʿ̲סӯϲ
֪ⳡʤζʲô
Ȼһսħʤȴ⵽ش˵ɱһǧ˰١
ڴħעǶ˵ǼĴһѣֻҪû£ܵص˶û¡
ݴħ˵սŮǳ򵥣ǿò񻰣ѪҲǳԵҲսҲս˼ˡ
ŽԷɱνյ˼㣡
壬Ҫ⣬ⲻһѣ
۱͸Ԫ֮ӴǸһˮ
˶Ĭˣ֪˵ʵʥıˣһıҲѵӮôһֶѣ˵ûʲôֵø˵ġ
ɶʬ屻̧ȥһ屯ʹɶһĽȴܸ壬ǲҰܣˡ
ɣ
ۺ޸ıеҲʼתâ
ԽתԽ죬ǵҲᵽɤۣ֪˭Ϊһѡеˡ
ٿȻ
ֹͣâʢһֽҫۡ
ͣ
ͣ
âϼֱߡ
̫ˣѡңΪɶ𣬽˺ɣ
һе˵
һߣΪѾﵽǴĳ̶ȣ츳ͨʵǳǿ
ԣ˺ȺϣΪɶ𣡡
֣ˣ
ܶ߶ڣڽѡеѡ˺飬Ϊɶ𣬿ɼɶһǺεȵܻӭ
ߣܶȴɫŹֵҶȥΪ̵ĹâȻϣγһ㵭İ׹⡣
ҶӣҴ籨𣡡
˸źܶ˴Ҷ˵
Ҷȫˣ
ҶһҪӮ
ܶһǿҲ׷׳ϣϡ
֪ҶʵһδսʮǿģҲˣûϣӮαˡ
һ˲䣬ҶͻȻԼϵĵӱó
ϣδ
ܿ죬ս̨ĿҶɨ˵ϣ
Ҫ㣡
Ҷǿųŭ⣬Ӱһչ׷ǲһʥս̨
ɣĶţܸоԷʢѪͳɱ⡣
ϣ׼𣿡
һЦ
ҶȻ˿ҪǿһЩȴֻһڵСʿѣողȴѾǶǴľĻˣһ磬˿ûнҶ
ڣСģ
һ̨ľȻҶһæģҶʵԶǱϿȥô
İɣһڵ϶ѣ
˿ûн۵Ļϣ´Ҷü飬˵Ϸʵĵ㻹̨ɣõһо㡣
Խ𣿡
Ҷ˿ΪӦ

ڴЦǷ֮ɫһһһν콾ʲôҲһҿǸʲôǣ
û𣿾Ȼոͻķﶼɳˡ
ҿҲǣѾûиǿᾫӢˣոͻƵķҲ
Ԫ֮Ӷ԰һȺЦҶ御ĳЦ̡
죬һɱȫ
ҶƽĮ˵죬µģ͸ᶨƵ

ЦǹҽЦ𣿾ƾ㣿ɱȫ·
䣡
˵ţһʱռݣ޾ѹ˷ҶѹûκζܵĿռ䡣
һ츳ͨһĳռݣ˷м伷ѹ޲̽Ҷѹࡣ
ʱˣ
Ҷ챯Хһ̣ɱŵ龰Ժ֣һĻĻҵ龰Ѫڷڣȼա
ţ˿Ľͷʬ壬Ǽҵ״޵Ļպ۾
ɱȻϯʥս̨
һ̣ǧħȴħħʿ׿
䣡
һ죬Ҷֱӱգһͻ˿ռƣ紩Խռһǰ
ʲô㡭
ڴ󾪣û뵽ҶȻ׵ıƵ츳ͨ¼ȥͬʱһȭҶǰȥ
ҵȭâһȼյ̫һ㣬ſֲĻ֮Ҷؿڣ
飡
ҶȭӭɫȭͷһУݺݵĺڵȭͷײһ𣬱ҫ۵Ĺâ

ڲҽһŤţԣͷȫˣĴѪһһε˳ָ
ϣ㾹Ȼңˡ
ɫѿԭΪԼ˫û뵽ȻһΪϵˡ
һڵ˲ָĿҶȥںţһôҪǿ
ѵǰҲѪҺɣ
Ҳѹ²⣬ΪϹ䣬ȷͨڣһЩѪҲġ
ǵһձؽնһţҶɱȻ
ãܺãҵҪնǵģڴһҶɱ
ۣ
ſһƬīɫĶʴͬʱʩչͼסҶ塣
Ȼ
Ҷ˿Ӱ죬ڵ쫷ж硪ܹ˺Ƭ쫷ҶʱȻԶɢʧˡ
ô
ڵӲôҲû뵽ԼȻҶж쫷綼κβ
ʦͽΪˣ
ҶһХڷ裬ΰȴ·ɽһ㣬ɱᴩ졣
ಣ
׷ǲӵ£Ҷһͻ˿ռƣͻأĳڵߣȭɫȭͷգصĻڵͷ­֮ϡ

ڲҽһͷ­Ҷ˸һѪԽ

ͷ­гһɫС򼣬һߴһ߿Ǳȥг˾ͻ֣̿
ɫСڵ꣬ôҲû뵽һͱҶɱˡ
ӵÿ죬ҲᱻҶֱһȭĨɱҶʵ󳬳׵ˡ
ܣ
ҶһüѿɵӡȻɳâһɫС˲䱻ӡɢ׻ɢ
ֱ˿̣ڵʬźȻأ
⡭ôܣ
һеߣǴҶоȻһжûͱɱˣʿˡ




1647 һ
ı߾һƬžǶľѽ
ΪҲһٮٮߣҲܻڽеʮ֮С
һ屾е壬ϹŴڵѪ
֮ԽڣҪЧ棬һ춯صĳɾͣҫȺ
Ȼ
һ붼ɢˣ
Ҷɱ
ҡɱ
ɱúã
Ҷ
Ԫغϣʿ򷢳Ļ
䶨һսӮˣǿѹɱ֣
ڵ״̬еʿֱһǿ롣
һƱǣÿʿһһֱŵڷˡ
Ǳܵǰδеľ޴ôҲ޷һսĶǴȻһһڵ˸ɱˡ
ζʲô
ܶж·ѹһʯͷĶ֣սʤ
Ǻڵʵ֮ǰҲд֪ڵĿֲеĻǿҲܽɱ
Ҷȴˡ
ңⲻǽǿʼҶųԣҪɱһ
Ҷӣлл㣡
˺ӯս̨ϵҶϹл֮⡣
Ҳһʱ֯һޱӡ
չأҶ˿̿ѡ̨
ȴվıֱͬһʥս̨ϣһɽһΡȻ
һ
ҶĮ쳹Ԫغϡ


ѵΪûɱ㲻ɣ
Ǿŭ׷׳Ժǳ⡣
ΪǶˣҶ׼һ˶սˣ˿ǷУ̬֮֮ǰ
һ˭·
Ҷһߣ࣬԰
һ˶վʥս̨һúܶʿѪڣսֱ졣
Ҫùˣ
ºߵ˵
ͷʾͬºĹ۵㡪Ҷ̫ǿˣЩϹӡڵĵӶĶ֣οЩһˡ
ͨ취ϿԿǱȻڶսҲǿսеĻ壬ȴһŻӡ
ݣϳаսսܣ˵Ҷˣ
ҲûС壬ôϢ徿ǿʲô̶ȣʲôͨҲֲֻͨܿڻ治˵
һϲ۱ߡɮܵҶġ
ն㣡
һܴ̼һŭڣһɫսڿ죬ɱΧ֮˸ҿ

Ҷǹһվʥս̨ϣ˫ۼâ̴գ޵֮¡
Ȼ
ǿ׼ϳʱȻһһϡ
Ѿѡ֮ǰѾõĹأ޷ģҲҹȻƻ
ѡеᣬ̤գһһǴһһǶǿߡ
һȻûгʣȴս˺պ
˻֮⣬һǿս壬Ѫӵһ˿Ѫһв˼ܹӳͨ
˿̣̤˫۽Ķս̨ϵҶ͸ֲĲ
ȥնɱֻϣΪֺɶñ𣡡
̤մһһ⣬ֱӳʥս̨
ɱ
̤һ𣬵ضɽҡеƶ䶼ɢˣֱӣһȭҶؿںȥȭâһڴ״͸ֲϢ

Ǵ̤յĹҶֻһУȭŰȭһǰһ赲ȭ⣬̤յȭͷײһ
䣡
â䣬ȫûˣҵȭâ·һգҫ˶Ųˡ

ҵ۾
һЩ̰ͼøΪõʿʱҽű۾˫۵Ѫ
ΨһʿʥǿܹӰ죬սе
Ҷ̤յȭͷӴһ˲䣬Ŀռ㱻ˣγһССĺڶһС
âȥҶվʥս̨룬Ʋ䣬Ծɱһȭ̬
ણણ
̤˳ȥ޾Զľ𾪵ĿҶµһһεĵѪ

ֹʤУ
ҶʤеǴò°Ͷҽˡ
һӵһأǺţһСʿȻǿŰǿսߡ
ôܣ
Ȼ
ʵǰɵǲš
˻
һƬ㽫գܶʿ¸ȭͷ𾪡
úã
ɱС
ٴαһ󻶺
Ļ̤ղŷӦһҶʵΪʲôһҪǿ󣿡
ҪʱȻ㣬ڣ
ҶһŲ׷ǲͻ˿ռƣ˲̤ǰȭٴκ
٣Զ˵ˣ
̤ЦһƶȻǣϵ·˲䱬ըƬҶȥ
ͨ·Ƭע֮ÿһƬҵĹâ絶Ƭһ㡣

һ죬Щ·Ƭ·ײһͭǽڣ˿޷κҶֺǰ״㱻âֵ
̤£
̤մһǰɱ˷·һֻ㶼״գʱ䡣
ˣ
һ޴һ̫һ㣬ſֲѹҶɱ
𡭡
Ҷһ𣬵죬һֱֻһ㣬ֻӳ
㱻ɵҺΣ
ҶĿĵĻӳһƣ̤ղɵÿЦΪҶ϶ǱԼ̤¸ѹɵˣôӳɱһƣ
һƣ˵һûκΪͨ˶δܴ򵹰ɣ
֪
Ҷһһľ޴ȥж˿Ӱ죡

һֻյĺɫͻأĳ̤յͷĲӬһص

̤մһʱѾˣҲѧҶӣ죬׼ԿֻɫĴ֡
Ӿ˵ȷԶҶľҪߣһǴľ绮˵Ѿˡ
Ȼ
ɱɢȴӲģ
οһȥҶ֮һֲ֮
䣡
̤ҽжûֱӱɱɢָ˵ϣûѪڣҴܣ
һǿۻĻһҪ




1648 ս
ʥս̨ϣҶɽһĻӡ˵Ժ۹೤ʱҲǡ
䣡
̤ձҶɱɢڵ֮󲻾ãһҲȻɢŰʥս̨
ҶɢŽɫĹâ˿κãеǰսսһ㡣
ž
ž
ž
ڷڿƮ裬죬Ҷɫȥκλᡣ
ɱʦսǧȫѣӾŴ󺷷˺֮׿Ľܵһֱѹһɳ޵Ļ棡
ڣɻȼˣҪѪɱ¾ͷųȥԺ
һ˶֪Ĺ򡪡ʿڳصʱǾԲź򽫻ֲֿħʿء
£ҶȻŭᣬҪһɱ¾ʢǲɳ޵ŭ
һεսУѾʶԵһ棬ͨ˶ŹǵѪʳ
˳𣬴˺ޣ죡

̤һȣѵĴӺɫѪ죬ܶƬˣġ

Ҷ˫޵Ĺâ˫Ŷʮصۣһ㣬ץס̤յһֱֱۣ˺

̤ղҽһѪȾգ׶۵ŤˣһֱۣԹӶݡ
ǰʵֲ̫ˣȻڵɱŰڿ־֮˼⡣
ϣҶһֱۣһҪ˺㣡
޾룬̤Ťɭޱȣ·;ĵظдһ
ţתķѱԴ֮һֱۣƬҲ
䣡
ȼԡһƬ֮һƼսҲʼα
ȭ
̤һȣһǣһǰҶȥȭͷصۡ
һ츳ܣǳֲ˵߾ܹ֮һȭһǳޱߣ
һЩһǿ߻ǵֲֿȭˡ
֣ɱΪںɶ𣡡
̤ʩչһ츳ͨеЩٴδ
˿ֲĹҶֻһǾǳȭ
ȭǾ۴ϵȭȻҶĿǰȫӳҲֻܴǰȭѣȴѾǳֲˡ
ˣ
Ҷһȣȭȭ˵ķʽֹ
䣡
âһҶȭͷ̤յȭٴײһ𣬱ĹâһɻϢ֮
ৣ
Ҷϵˣе΢΢ţͷ𾪣һȻֲȻȭͷþʹޱȡ
ԼȭͷǲǱˣôʹǰδе顣
̤յɳȥȭͷֱ۴ѣһѪʥս̨

̤ڲҽУڴʵԽԼѾȼȻǰˡ
һθо˿־壡
ǰʵ̫ǿˣͨ似ԶԶ⻹ô
֮ǰȻҲҶǿ󣬵ȴĺ㣬ΪԼھϳԽ˶С磬ҶҲ졣
Ȼղŵսȴʵظܵ˿־壬ҶʵԶϿȥǼǿ
ΪҶпĳλĴϹӡĵӣôǿ
δԼܸһϵ壬Ȼǰȴ߸֪
ҶҪͣҲӲ̣·ϣҶȴʷǰһ㡣
ӣ
뵽ӣҲս
дǰ̣һսǾĺһʲôûˡ
ͷ̤յĶ־˲ȫޡ
˳ǣ£Ҷ̸о̤ĵĿ־⣬֪ˣ׷ȥ
κһԼл뿪ս̨
ʲô
ô
һӣ
˶סˣôƬ̼䣬˭ʤԣ̤հˣҺңұȫըˣһ
˭û뵽սôңʱộܾòſʼֽˣ
̫ͻȻǶЩţ
ЩߣĿɿڴ֪̤յжôֲҲǷǳǿĴڡ
Ȼ
̤ոո̨ʱ䣬㱻Ҷ˺Ѻͷֱۣ
ôܣôܻܣһǺųƼ̲࣬𣿡
ԪغӶ԰һȺ߷׷׶ݣһθоЩ
岢Сʲôϣȫܹǲǿ塣
Ǹе𾪵Ļֻһ壬岻ֳͬ˺ܶ壬˴֮Ҳһ飬źܶͲϡ
ʵĺǿȻǵСȴ޵ǱͿܡ
ȻҲ󶼻ѡΪΣˣʺġ
ã
̫ʹˣ
һߣѷڣѹ̫ãڵüʤ˶⣬ڼ
˵ӿսڣ̫ˣ
ǴħƴشɱһߵĻˣڣռˣ
սʤѹ壬úܶʿʤ⡣
Ҹƴˣݣ
̤ձ׷·ţŭˡ
Ȼˣȥɣ
ҶӦ׷ǲ¼֮£̤ոӲߡ
ˣ
̤һöʥ˲䱬ֲϢľ޾һ㡣
໡
̤շһƵ˿ٱ仯Ƭĺ⣬Ȼʹ˱һƥ
Ȼһ˿Ѫ
ʿȫˣǶ֪̤һ˿Ѫһᷢ˼
ȻȻһƬ׹⣬ſֲϢҶ
ף
֮һûκƶ£ͻȻִƬ׹⣬ɱ֡
ЩȻ٣ȴҲֲѰʿͲֵܵ˲ͻᱻɷɻҡ
ȻҶȴݵ׺֮Уֲ׸κβ
𣡡
Ҷſһ糤ˮ޾׹һ֮

̤ղŵһͷ°ЩѾˣѰʿη֮绢ףҶȻֱȥˡ
ʲô
һ̣̤ˣκβ˶Էʲôֶܹնɱַ̣
ಣ
ûκԥ̤ҶסƬ̣巽ȥ
ͬʱҶʶھŵ֮У˲һ̤档

̤ҽУϵƬɽѪ죬ü˿ɼǣ




1649 ϧ
𣡡
ҶһɢףһԱߣһץ̤˳
ʱ̤գѾһϢȻѾֲˣҶƵ֮Ծɱϴ챻ˣ
ۣ
Ҷ˫һ֣һХӲ̤յ˫۳

ʹ̤մӰԵ״̬ѹֲҶɵˣ
㡭
̤վ֣Ҷ۾УޱѪŨҵɱ⡣
ѪծѪ㲻ǵһҲһ
Ҷţ˫۳ѪŨҵɱ̤ճ޾Ŀ־֮С
ۣ
Ҷ˱һѪһȭֱӽ̤յؿڶˣ֮Ű

̤ղҽУŬתʣ޼ҪԱ̥ҲҪҶ汳
뷨ܷʵܹǸС
̤ͬھʱͻȻֵطɷ֣Ȼ޷Ӧ̥ˡ̥֮ϵӲҶжˣ
ɱ̤ճ׾ˣͬʱҲˡ
ǰֻڵΪΪʲôʵǿ󣿾ȻԼǴǶ֡
ҪǣҶȻ޾׵ɱһܿףֱе
ûлˣ
Ҷ̤նһһӱѪҺ·ˡ

ҶһХӲ̤˺Ƭ궼ɱˡ
ѩޣ
ʿͬԽԪ֮ӣ԰ӪУúܶʿĬȻˡ
Ǻһ壬ǵͷ­
ݵĲҰͼսһɵģҪ𣬿϶Źһ塣
һĻôδһܴĴ
սһƬžƺˣʱҲֹͣ
ҶɱһԡѪɫĳѪ͸ˣһɷ
Ҷ
ȺУʣ˭Ҳ֪˿Щʲô
ҶҶӡлл㣡
˺ʯҰ˾ǼԸӣ໥ţ棡
һЩҶ͸ӣһսҶ϶ΪӢۣǸԣ
ЩҶûʲôźʥأһƽҶսԽãԽ
Ƕ֮һǿ𣬶˵һ¡
磬ʿܵ˼Ĵ˫һ徫Ӣ̤նҶ˺Ƭ˭ܹǿ
ҾͲܱǿѡңһὫʬΣΪѵֵǱ𣡡
һ˵
û϶ĳֽʱԼǿȣ̤յĶ֣
Ҳ׷׸ͣҶǿⲻϳ
ҪСģ˺ܹŹ֣ƺ̺һصĶֲС
һ߸
صʲô
һѯʵ
˫΢У⣬´ҶܾãŲȷ˵Щ֮ȴвȫǣϷ·һ壡
~
ܶʿ֮ⷬ󶼲ɵõһ֮Ϊ񱩣Ϊյ֮⣬ûܹԦѵߵĴ˲ɣ
²úܶʿоһ˿Ĳ̫ǿˣȻǴۣʵսȴʹûж
ҶߵĴ˵ĻܹҲͺýˣóľǿ٣Ȼ٣ȴһġ
һΣʬĶʡˣΪûʲôˣ̤յȫҶ˺ˣιʡ
һ尧һƬ̤һľӢߣδϣȴսʥս̨ϣȫʬ
Ľһŭ˼㣬׷׳ԣŭҶ̫Ѫȣ
ôҶһ忴ȥǱúܶʿо˴̹ǵĺ⡣
ǵ˲˵ʲô̺Ѫȣǧָ˭ȥ˵޹ɱָͨ˭ȥ˵
Ҷ׹쳹߾ߡ
Щͨ˲϶ѣϧ
ݵĳĬ֮˻Ӧ
УһҲ϶ѣϧ
ҶǿƻӦ֮֮ʱúܶʿλ󶯡
˵öԣ˵ͨϣôЩҲϡʿ׶
ܶʿݵĲ״һݣͨϰգʿôɱˣ˳ܲ
࣡
ЩʿȻݵˣȴͬΪ壬ʱ˿̣ͬ飡
һʱ䣬Ⱥ鼤ܣһЩϳɳصҲ׷׳ԣ岻Э飬Ȼսɱƽ
巽棬һЩս廹Է֮⣬ЩһǿǶĬˡ
˵ף˼ҾɵģǸвжΣ
Ȼ½ǺսΪҲΡ
ˣѾˣҲѾӦĴۣʹ˽ҹɣ۳Ĭ֮ſ˵
ĻǺзģϾ˿ͳ壬ıƼˣȫ࿪սĻǺɾͲˡ
⣬һЩһǿ߻һǣǾɸżֵǸԺʯֵĴĺǡ
һһУ޲ʾﲢû϶Уֻǲ֪ããеĸ
һٴγ֣ǲĺڰʱˣ廹壬Ķ֡
ǵĿ֮£ҲҰˣһչս嶼һξ޴ġ
һʱͻȻ٣е¾Ҫˡ
ãǾͼɣ
ϴԳ˵
̿ʼתΪҶѡ֡
ֻҪҶų̂ôһֱսȥֱҲӦսΪֹ
꣡
һâϼмһϣ϶ʱһɫĹâ
Ŀ࣬Ũüۣû˿Ӧе޶£ȴɢĶϢͿֲĲ
ӣ
ʿһ󼤶û뵽̾ȻѡĻӣ˻Լһġ




1650 սʺ
һܳߣʮ۷壬һҲǼ亱ġ
һǳʵģȻ̫ʣһȴʼռǿ
Ǻ֤ʣһҲǳ
ӵѪ˷ȻѾ֪ǶٴѪˣϡȴһ࣬һ⡣
ҲǳƺΪӵһҪԭ
ӵ˷Ѫ֮Ѿһʵķ緶ʵɲ⣡
һУ˵ѾͻƣǵɾǴֻԼ֪ûͻƣֻ۷ѡ
ˣҲһ̤Ҫǿ̫ˣѪʣԶʤǰߣ
˺սܵĻǶʿһĴ
һСģܲⲫ;Ҫⲫͨɱ
ӵǳ֮ǰеһ
Ϸģһ壬˫սܣҵҪһСС壬Ǹոѣкر֮
ӽޱȣκ˵ʱǿ
ĻҲûһ壬;Ƥ񣬿ǿƲ塣
ڴĿУӵʥս̨һɴ̱ǵѪζʱ˷
ǿսһҲͬѪԽǼѪԽ˷ܣսҲᷢӵøá
˿սϵǻûиɺԵѪĴɢ⣬ǼǿҵĶ־
սҶҲвСģҲҿڳˣʮѨжܹ
ڵǳ֮ǰѾԼ״̬ѣ㣬ʴ˲ܲģһֱսȥ
ӡɱ
ûκηϻֱɱ֣˫ֽӡһг֣Ҷɱ
ɽӴӡ
Ҷͬ˫ֽӡһΡ˫֮䣬ɽˮֲֶУСм
ɱ
ҶĿԲ˫ֱɽӴӡֱѹȥ
䣡
ɽӡӡײһ𣬱ֲĲս˲䱻ûˡ
ս˶ʩչԼǿĹ໥Ժ˺üΣÿһζƽɫ˭Ҳκβ˭
˸ǿĿѣֻۣв֣ÿһʯ쾪
ﲻʥս̨ʹˣʲôˣ
ԪصĹâʥս̨ͬʱҲΧ۵ˣᱻ˵Ĵս
ȻЩŵһɱ㣬Ϊ̤գΪڣΪɶ𣡡
ɭдû˿鲨
ǲģ۷Ĵ൱۷塣
ҶڶѣС绹࣬սʤ
һ̣ѾҶܹɱӣֻҪֲܹܾѾ㹻ˡ
һս˵һˮ룬ҶٴսʤôսʤĳˣʣµĻλŻӣֻҪʤһıʤˡ
һӵʤôƽˣܷڽıлʤͺԤˡ
˵ֻҪҵ̨һɱһǵ
ǽŵʱҶҲд˳ӣ
ҶᶨʿĪİģʾû·磬ܹ˵һ˶սһ
ɹĻôҶʴ漣һú޷Խ񻰣
֪ͼ
սУһȣӰͷϿճһ޴ͼĵĿֲϢ
һ޴ͼͼһ֣һͷڵϱܣһ³ǽƶ
ˣ
ͼҶ쳹ʥս̨޴쵶һ㣬
Ҷ֮УâһһһģһĽɫ̥Իζء
Ҷ̥ϲ·֮۵һɫսףһʡ
ԾĹҶǻȭӭɫ̥Ķ߶һ£޴Ľɫȭͷһֽɫ̫һ㣬ҫ۵Ĺâ
䡭
꣡
Ҷ̥һȭʱһҶϣǰҲ޷Ҷֺ̥Լŵȥصʥս̨ϴһƬѪۣ
ţֵҲһХͼзɳſ³һϢҶȥ

ҶףһȣסϢգֻ̥֣޴һץסĲӺβ͡
ҿ
Ҷһ̥˫͵һ𣬾ȻӲͼеˣѪһ¡
໺𡭡
ŤʹţȻȴ޲޷Ҷ̥ơ
Ҷ֪ⲢԪ۶ɣġ
𣡡
Ҷָ̥߶һ£ſһӲˣŨԪġ
ζһ
Ҷ̥̳֮󣬶˵
~
Ӳ̣ԷȻˣѵԷһԻɣݻҳԣ
һĻҲˣ壬ʿҲɵˣ
ˣŽˣ
ʯҰЦ˵
Ҷ˾̫ƢθˣΪɹƵ飬ڶϲϼңץԡ
۽磬Ǵ۽ˣ
ʿ૵˵ûսнԷˡ
һЩһǿȴ˶ߣ׷׻ĵЦˡ
֪ҶԵĿɲʲôŨԪֻҲ൱ðգһ޷վˡ
Ҷ˿̵״̬ѾЩԪˣֱǿֲ
Ǳ°͵һأȫ˼ĿսеҶһҲ߯˰ɣ
㾹ȻƵҵͼеУֵȫˣ
˵
ȫ֣Һξգձն㣡
Ҷйâһ֮׵ǹС
ǹֻһƷȴ֣̲֮ݣܹӳ޴
죡
ҶһȣǹâͬʱһƬǹӴȥ
칦
Ʊǣ˷·һʣء
䣡
һȭһУǹâˣҶȥָƼǳ׹䣬ɢֲϢ
һ屾еĻ壬Ȼиͨ似
˿̣ʩչһ
һĳǳ׹䣬ָƼ̺ſֲǳ֮
һȭƾ죡
ҶҲǴһȭʽҲĿǰʩչռʽʩչ
ɫȭͷգһУӵĴײһ𣬱۵â
һ̣Щһǿ߶޷սϾʲôսȫҫ۵Ĺâûˡ




1651 ն
սȫγһ޴籩ϯʥս̨
ಣ
Ƥһұ۵ȫʧˣ¶׳ֱۣûˡ
һĻʱһ󻶺ʿ
ʿȫᵽɤۣŵעսе
ʣҶѾһĿеľ֧ǰˣǼαеʧܡ
âȥһΰӰս룬ɢŽɫĹâһ޺һ㣡
û£
Ҷû£
ֶʱһ󻶺ŵҲȥ
ΪײУҶռϷġδˣǱҶδ
ĺ⣬㾹ȻСǿȿ壡һص˵
һҲ⣬ν˫ҿҲˣͲҺⲫҶԡ
ղȷһȭͷӵײһɲǣ·һ޻һ鲻ָоǳ
һ˲䣬Ҷ뵽ڵֹһ书ѧӶǣ
Ĺǽͬ޻һ㣬ôû£ܹԷˡ
ֹҲƵģӶܳܵķΧ֮һܹ˺
һ˲䣬Ҷϱˣǿֱ˳ȥ
ȻҶҲ֪һû˵ӣԷȷо˵ʱ
ս֮½Ĵڣ
ӿૣȻâ
漴һɫļ·ɳҶȥա
ţ
ҶɫҲһǿĶ֣еĻȻǿ󣬾ȻȹɻҪǿһ֡
Ȼӵı鱦Ȼʺλãɼ
ಣ
׶
ضΪ֮ɫ޾ڰ˻˵ꡣ
ԶΧ۵һЩʿɫ䣬ŲȥѾܹССвո̤߾ʥ˰ɣ
һɲǣҶֽʢ·һȼŵĽɫ̫֮صƣζ·һɫɫС
ˣ
Խ˿ռ䣬ͻأĳҶõǰֱָüģɢſֲĲ
ҵռ£ҲԺˣ
˵
˿д󶨣ҶȻǿҲԲӹռ׷ɱ˼һƬۼɡ
һ壬ʺһöƬסʺҪԿΪԼı鱦ˡ
֮ǰû㶯ãڼγ֮Ҷһ㣬಻û˿ߵĿܡ
ڵĶԿϣҲ޷ռϷ磬ֻܼ˱ԶϮɱҶ
ⲢǸ֮ĶԹ֮սԣκֶνԿɶãֻҪܹɱ֣Ӯñˡ
˵̫ˣ
ҶɫռھüĲһʱ򣬱ץУϵţȴǰֺ
ҶֹâʢһһֵĽռǰÿˣδ߶ٻҲ޷ҶĴ֡

Ӿŭ鱦ޣһҲܵĴˡ
£ƴˣһȣֱҶ˹ȥ
ţҶֿռѾóȫʱϮɱҶ޷мܣܶܡ
Ȼ
ոսӽҶʱȻײһεǽڣֹĽŲ
Ҷİ
ҶҲ֪˿ϾˣӺпܳûϮɱԼǰʩչ
˵УҶ˿̸ûκζֻɢĽǿˡ
ҶУ˸ϵķΧתһж赲⡣
Ҷ˰Ԫصıʺͷ֮һ򣬿νǰ޹˺ߣ
ԪγһպϵĻΪǿʵ̫࣬޿ܹ

һ㶣漴֪ȻҶʩչ
ûõģԪطģԪأҵԶĸǿ󣡡
˵ţӱʩչԼһʱǹɭɭˮ죬˽ԪغˮԪصķγ˽ˮ
ײʱĿĹâҶԼһ㽫ռץС
˿̣ҶΧԪطļתжȥ޷Լ֮ڡ
ʲô
ô
з󾪺֪жôǿѰ޷֮⣬ֱӾͻᱻû˺Ƭ
Ȼ
ҶȻ̵Ĺһ޷ƣԪصķγɵȻ޷
һ̤Сʿôǿ
˶⣡
ΨйǷһ˿ɬǰֹŹֵ֮£龰ˡ
ҾͲŹ򣡡
Ӽˣ֪һԼռҶнһʲôĺʧ
ͼ

ǹ֣
ˮ죡
ӡ
ӼԼѹȫʩչˣһʱʥս̨ϹâɣĴ߶Ҷ˿񹥣
Ȼ
Ҷȴ纣ߵʯһ㣬㺣죬ΡȻ
˿ֲĹҶȻܹɵ̵һ㣬޷ƣ
𺳵һĻ˺ܶ˵°ͣ
֮У֪Ҷм᲻ɴݵļ֮⣬˶סˡ
嶼ˣο壿
Ӫ˲һƬ
ৣ
һ̣˴лعҶ˫ץס˽ɫռ
Ȼ䡭
˫ֱ̫ҪʧɫĹâصתӲռеӡǱĨɱˡ

Ӳҽһ˫ѪռеӡǱĨɱҲܵش
ö
ҶŽɫռ̾
ĨɱӵӡǵʱҲ˽⵽֧֮

˫ֱͷϲҽС
ˣˣ
ҶռһȭҵȭâӵС
ӻһ𣬶˫𽥻ɢ屻Ⱦ˽ɫӵĲ¡
飡
һը죬Ȼըˣֻʣһͷ­ڿƮš
ಣ
Ȼ
һâӵȻ巽ȥ
ӵ꣬ȻڸղܵشϾ֮ҶԼҪֽ
Ϊ־磬ֻܹ֫û뵽Ҷȭâ̺ſֲ֮ƻ̥
£Ѳٴˣֻӳ֮꣬ͬһϳ˵Ķˡ
ϵһˣ
Ҷһףһ򣡡
깲רŹ꣬οӵѾʧȥǵıֱӱ¶깲֮£

ӵ걻Уһ춯صĲҽУɢؼ䣡




1652 ɱҵ̨Ϊֹ
ս
Ŀ֮£ӵҶһȭ飬Ҳɱ׻ɢ
һƬţѻȸһһľˣӵлѪӾȻսˣס˲ˡ
ܶͷƤ飬Ҷʱ·ڿһֲɱ񣬴ͷţ
⻹ô
ԷѪɱˣһлսʤ
һЩһǿҲ̲סһҶʯһɽһѹͷ
һвûл壬ǵʵӻڲ֮䣬սʣµ˿Ҳ˵Ķ֡
Ҷ̫ˣ
Ľ
෴ǻһƬֱ̫ˡսĽݣҶһ˶սһΪϣشŵ档
һЩһʿûиһ𻶺ΪҶģ
ǵģΪģ
ҶʤɱߣȻĺֵܴܹ
ǺҶѾһʿеľ֧κʧܡ
ҪҶ˵ǳ˿ûƣ̬֮ϲջҡͷֹ˽лҶ
ܣ߱ɱ˵һصĴ
Թδй˲ҰܣһκսʱҲûй
ʿͷһӰǻ˭ܹսʤɱһˣ
Щ뵽սеǴǵɫҲÿ
ǵѾʮ꣬޷ϳֻĿҶɱڵľӢָоƵѪ
սʤҶһ漣⻹ǽ漣
о޴̾ţתţӵ˵ϢӰѾʧˣʣµ𲻶
һ
ҶĮս
ʤҶѾѡʹ˳ȴһǹһʥս̨ϣȴһս
֣ҶĮ岻ʿλ󶯣ȴ˳Էˣֻʣ˷ŭ;֡
ȣҶһ˵һʱ˻֪ߵغ񣬸һ䡣
ڣһľˣʵսⲻǴģɱġ
ӵлѪӶɱˣ˭ӣ˭СǸˣ
ΪʲôôǿѵѪɣ
һЩʿ׷ײ²⡣
ץǣҶľֻڶѣȴӶնɱǵĶǴǴ
һոսСʿȻɨһߣⲻܲǸе𾪡
ȻǴ˿ҲѾʶҶʵսԾȣսԿһ𣬿ɱһ
ɺްСоȻһ
߰ռܲĵıҶ
Ļûʿĸ͡
һ̣ǵĶЩֲ֪̿һλѡ˭
ȻǹƽģɻתţûΪҶѡһ֡
Ϊʤѹ֣Ǵʤߣһʱ䡣
ǹأǵսʱµĹ򣬲ݸı䡣
һ㻹ѵΪ˲ɣ
Ķս̨ϵҶ˵
գɱǲ̨Ϊֹ
Ҷ˿ûбǿӰ죬ǿƻӦ
úúãҿܵ⵽ʱ
۱Ҷһ仰Ǻɫͨ죬ˣδ˸˸˵
󣬳ɨһʣµߣ˵ô𣿾Ȼһɱ̧ͷֱǶˣ
һǷ׷׵ͷ¶ɫɱһҶǸղŶ˲⣬û̶Կʵơ
޵УѪ˫һԽնɱ
ûһССѣϹ䲻ʳѡ
һǴԶһЩҫκͻĳܼǴľɥͷ
ЩҰο͵ĺǳ⣬Ҷȫѡӣڵ֪һЩϢʱֱ֮ϥսϡ
תͨ춯أؼԪγһԪ籩ûС
ҶǧëȫſˣڷؼԪ
Ԫط棬̰Ԫص˵ʺĵطˡ
Ҷĵλãַڻת˸޵׶һ㣬պԪתΪԼ
ڵ˵һƶϴʯҩҩȫͯ糿ֻԪָˡ
дˣѵĲһ𣿡
һĻܶ߶ھŭ
Ҷǵ棬սϻָǺݺݸһӡ
ɶ񣡡
ռɫ˫׺ݵĹâ
ʤߣȷʸٴε̨սҶڿӱҶһ֮ȴԥˡ
ʵʾԲӣӶɱˣȥҲӱɱˡ
ϹȻҪСҪɱһҶˡ
Ƭ֮Ҷվս̨ϣ£
˿̣ҲڿʼתȻһâһߵϡ
һǳǿѪʵҲǳǿһнӣһǴ
ѡԼɫৡһ±ˣû˿˷ܺ;ϲ¶־;ɥ
ԼʵȻҲǴһоٮٮߣȴӵĶ֡
ڸղţӱ̨ϵնɱ飬걻
Ѫܵʵǰǰ֮ܲºͿ־壡
ʿڿѡеľȻ֮ɫҲѿ
ԭΪ̻ѡһߣ뻹һƴ֮
ȻʵҲǿ󣬵ԲҶĶ֡
˿̣ѾֻǰսʤˣѾĳһҲĻôƴҲֻƽֶѣҪڽıһҲ䡣
ΪʲôΪʲôң
߾ˣѡĶֲܲϳ˿̵ΪʵҶаʤ
Ӯˣ
һ˷ܺ泩ǴԲҶĶ֣һӮˡ
ٵ̨սҲơ
ޱ˵
Ĵߴ£߰һᣬսҶңң
ɱ
߷ǳֱӣֱȼԼսޣһȭҶɱ
ΪԼе似ȫ뵽һȭ֮УҪ书һۣһз

Ҷη壬ͬ㣬ڷ裬˫ۼâһȭӭȥ
ȭںϰȭǰԾµȭ߱ǹһǰһеǹ⣬ȫ뵽һȭУɫȭͷɫ֮صۡ
ǧΪһʽҶͬսپ⣬˿νǲıϡ
䣡
˵ȭͷײһ𣬱ĿĹâҫ۾˲䱻ѤõĹâûˡ
âȥҶһȭ̬ս̨Ķ֣Ǹ˫۰ٹѣȻڵϡ
ѪȾս̨ΪѪ࣬ͷѩ׵ӣҶһȭеˡ
һ
ǻûѹʱҶٴ쳹ս̨




1653 죬أֻԼ
һ
仰ʿ˵ֱħһ㣬Ǿ壡
һˣһʮߣν
Ȼ
ȴʲôҲ˵ҶսǶţ˭
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷһεɱ֣˶㣬ܶ˶ڴ𣬷йĵļ֮顣
ƽˣ
ϵ˿૵˵
Ҷһ֮ΪӮ˴Ϣʱ䣬ӮϺ͵λӮ˺ƽϣ
һƬţһ߱ɱĸо˾
ֿʼתˣâ˸Ԥʾ̽һΪҶѡ֡
˿̣һУûϳʣ̱Ȼ֮ѡһλΪҶĶ֡
ʮѾ峡ǱҶһ˱еġ
Ѿ䲻ˣܹʤлһ£ֻˡ
Щ߶δϣʧˡ
ԽתԽͬʱ˵Ķᵽɤۡ
һ̣ǳ׸֮ܵǰʿ顣
ǡ̿֡š־塭
ָ׷ӿ
ڵģں£ѡһʵߡ
ĻôͲôˣֱˡ
˿Ҷʢνɱ񣬷ûܹսʤ
ǽǲĵȴУһâδǳ֮еһϡ
䣡
һ㵭İ׹⣬һɳȻ·һһ㣬
ţ
սϣҶ۽һ֣һǿĶ֡
ʵϣһʼҶѾע⵽Էˣֻû뵽ԷȻʵ
һȥǳͨ꣬˶Ҳ֣һֱǳƽ
Ƶʱ򣬻ʧʱһֱûκα仯ˮһԲ
˿̣ڱ˾ǿߵƣһоԿ𼶱ĸ֡
ѡе֮˷׷һһֱǳȵ׼ʳ۵Ҳֳһ˿Цݡ
׷壡
Һһ֣һУδ֮⣬ܹսʤ츳ͨޱȿֲ
˵һеߣӻҪǿȻǻ壬ȴʤ塣
׷߱ʤ
ʿǷ׷״Ϊ׷͡
һЩһǿҲ¶˱ʤЦݣҶĵѾȫˣǼţ׷һܹɱ֣ΪӮⳡʤ
ֻҪ׷ܹɱɶʿôڽսУܹսʤ
ĳϣϣȫĺ׷ϡ
֪׷ǿ󣬼һЩһǿߣĺҺ콾
ʿȷǿ󣬵ĺҪˣһɱ㡣׷ޱ飬ƽ˵
ûһҧгݣȴҶһּΣյĸоһǿĶ֡
ԳҶҲͬвǿߡ
ˣÿ嶼ƽȵġ
ֻ˵Ҷĳһ⣬һΪ硣

ҶӦ˿ûбԷӰ졣
󵨣

öԺ׷񣡡
ʿ׷Ҷǳ⣬ά׷Ϻ͵λ
ǵߣҽҪɱѡ
Ҷǿޱȡ
Ҷɴ⣬ǺҺһģ츳ͨǳǿ֮ܵ
ͨ괫ķʽҶѵ
֪
Ҷ̵ĻӦһ䣬Ŀ⾼עԼĶ֡
׷ߣһҪɱ֪岻裡
ҶĻЩʿֱˣ׷˭жһĿеżͷᱮ
ЩһǿԤԣ˵׷пһ֤ɻʣƾǿ
Ȼ
Ҷȴǵżܲôŭգ
׷һֹ̧֣á󵭵˵˭½ۻΪʱ磬ᱻɱҲûпܡ
ֵ׼£
Ҷڷ裬ŵĽ⣬һսһ㡣
Ը
׷һͻأĴԭʧһ̣Ҷǰ絶Ҷü
ϱ鲼ŸֹϵɫģɢſֲϢ޼᲻ݵ쵶һ㡣

ҶӦɫƱ鲼֮صۣͬޱȿֲ
ϣ
˵ײһ𣬷貵ĹâһɻϢ
̼䣬˱໥ϰУսһ죬Ϣʥս̨ϣվ񴰻ֽһϱ
䣡
ٴζԺһǣ󽻴޾ԶľĬĬشŶԷ
Ҷе΢΢ţղŵսңȫɱȻ˸൱
׷ɫ겻ûκα飬ֱȴ·вϵĳ鴤Ρ
һ½ǣԡ׷Ц
˸õģûٴʧ
Ҷԣ˿ȶԷ
ֻǻһ½𣿡
ǾˣղһսѣĿѣۣȻȴǴսǰѣҲֲ̫ˡ
˵ʶǳ⣬޷սʤѰʿȥֻб˲䱻ɱķݣ
Զ۷׷ףǱҲһһսغܷȫ硣
ʧǡһὫͷ­ժΪսƷ
׷ΧͻȻһ硣
һԼȳ콵󣬿ɼξˣ춼ڰ

׷Ц˰ɣңɣ
죬أֻԼõģûƿ޵֮ģҲѳɴ
Ҷ˿Ϊ
ͬʱ循ϲ֣콵󣬺Ժ׷¡һսʤ
ʿʼЩ
ʣҶȷǿһЩʿҲġ
Щ֪ߵغСʿǣҶĻ֮Ѫڣ޲̵̨սһ
ЩһǿȴüͷΪ磬ʼЩƮĶˡ
ʵԽǿƿغԤ֪Խ࣬УҲ͸š

׷һ˫۱ᣬ߳ұֽȻͬϢƵսϣ쵶һҶն
⣡
Ҷһȣһԣھѣɽӣںڵͷ趯˫ȭӭ׷ı۵




1654 ǿĶ

ĽҶ˫ȭͺ׷ı۵ײһ𣬿ֲĻ֮ϯʥս̨
һΣ˭ûкˣȫӲƴӲһӣΧ۵Ŀѣۣҡ
̫ǿˣ
ÿһΧ߹ͬ
ǿսѰʿ޷У˲ܱȭâ촷ۡ
׷϶ǹʵĺᣬпӣ򲻿ôǿ󣡡
һЩʿв²⡣
巽𾪣Ҳ²Ҷĳ۵ӣǿ
ЩҶޱ߷ˣܶʿûмҲŹ֡
Ͳһˣǲûг˽Ĳࡣ
˵Ƕ֪ͣһδս֮ʱ˽⼸һ
˵˽һЩΪо۱ǿ鱨ڣκ˿ϢǵĶĿ
ЩҲһֱûгֻûдģĳѣһЩţŷӡɶƬ̣ѷӳʥأС
ⳡս巽ֵķǳɺƽϾѾʤ峡ΰˣԾɻлᡣ
巽ͲͬˣҪһʤʿһٰܣͱݷⲻҪĽ
׷壬ɱ
׷壬㻹ڵʲôɲķ񣡡
ܶźҪ׷սپҶǿƻɱ
̫Ҫһʤˣ
ñǳϵһ˻ɱôߣʵܵ˾޴Ĵƽ˹ȵס
ˣǸеҪһƯʤǵĽġ
ĳҶǵĴûˣһϣȫ׷ˡ
Ҷ˫ȭҵĽ⣬ſ񱩵֮صۣÿһܴգƲɵ
׷Ҳһ㣬಻
Ҷ£ǳǿѪ֮ǿ似ͨ

һĺ𶯾죬һͷ޴ɺ׸ں׷˫һչգ޴ĳɽһ㣬˸Źâ
ı壬׷ԳΣǹȴԾǺҺ׵Ѫ
ԣʥ̥ʱѡԼıΪʥ̥
ΪϤģҲɹģֺοıս˿κǿս塣
ˣ
ɺ׵ĳ䣬羪ɽʻһۼҶȥǿֲϢҶͷ
ৣ
ҶԥĳſԼİͬʱļ׸ؿڣһŶܲƬüġ
꣡
ɽ˲ƿҶİصײҶüĵĹŶܲƬϣ۵Ĺâ
ţ
Ҷһû뵽׷ĺɽĹȻǿ
İŹ֮ں˰ԪطγһպϵĻʵԶܹ
Ȼ
׷ȴˣȼ֮ԹŶܲƬסüģβҲˣ
巽棬ϲҲһ֪ҶǺεȵļ̣û뵽Ȼˡ
ɱ
෴Ӫ򱬷һ󻶺ղô޷ƿҶս
񣬺׷һֱƿķһͷǼѡ
ҶȻһ鿴˿۵Ķס˺׷ıɱһҲǳ⡣
ʲô
ܶʿߵһϼǿʵ
֪һǿĶֻǿһƬǴĳһԵ鱦İɣ峤ϲȷش
ʲô鱦ֵܹ׷츳ͨ๽Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
⻹治˵ʥʥֵܵסϾ׷ڵΪԶûдﵽʥľ磬Ҳʥķ鱦Ƭֵܹɣ
ҲӦðʥķ鱦ƬҲ˵ѵǵ۱Ƭ
˷׷ײ²⣬˭Ҳ˵ȻֻóһۣҶüĵƬԲ򵥡
ܵɽһⰡ׷˵
⻹ܶ࣡
ҶɫأһȣƱǣһȫһֳ̥ء
ɱ
Ҷһȭɱ̥һ£޴ĽɫȭͷҲǰȥҵȭâ羪쳤磬ᴩء
𡭡
׷Ҳͬһ˫ۻɵ쵶âҶɱ
սٴαʥս̨ȫҫ۵ĹâûˣЩʥǿߣӵǿҲ޷
˵սʵֲ̫ˣ֧žʥսٵʥս̨ϣƬضǴˡ
飡
׷һȭҶİͷ­ˣѪԽɽһɶ̥Ҳʧˡ
꣡
ҶҲͬһȭ˺׷ؿڣɫĴץŲƵͷҶԶȥˡ
˻
ǲɵõһܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ʵ̫ң˴Ŀġ
Ҷ
Ҷӡ
ߴһƬһĶᵽɤۣһЩСŮʿ۾ĿŲҾ徵һĻ
׷塭
ӪҲһ󾪺ͬĺ׷İΣһ඼ժȥˣܵĴ˾ҶС
飡
׷ȻԶˣؿڵĽȴԽԽʢһըˣѪɽȾս̨ҲȾʿ۾

ʿһͬҲᵽɤۣΨкҺһɫ޶ԡ
սս
׷սѪѪ顣

һߣҶҲתϴ֮ƶ
˷·ڱƴٶȣ˿̣˭ȸԭ˭ͻʤΪֻҪӶָܹɱ֡
ԶΧ۵˳׾ˣʿƴʲô
Ϊʵƴľ
˶ܹٸԭ൱ڶ˼ûˡ
ˣ
׷һϣֱһʹԼżȻõһҶ׼ء
򣡡
һɲǣҶҲԭˣһ깲һ
䣡
˵ڿ罾µĲѩһڣﾹȻһĺڶһж˽ȥ
ڶպϣսָƽ˶бǿս⡣
ò˵ĳҵԤϣ׷üͷ
㵹ûгҵԤϣ
ҶӦȴú׷һǿֵ𾴵Ķ֡
뵽ɱ뵽ʦĺ̫ϳɽţͯǰһĻĻҶ˲
ⲻǸ֮սǾ˺ǰ;սݲð˽ġ
ȻҵԤϣע㽫Ҳûκλˣ׷˵
仰Ѿ˵ܶˣһǺúõվǿ˵ģ
ҶսƳɽʢѪһ㣬͸޵еơ




1655 һսǬ
ϵʥս̨ʯɣҲ֪ˣ͸ӲɣϢ
ʥս̨Ѫ߰ߣ˵ĺۼЩʯͷѾˣɼֲս
޾µʥս̨ٴʥѪ
ʥѪҶһҲԼѪ⴦ɱս̨ϡ
ٵأ
׷ڶԼǿ츳ͨҲǺҺһǿͨ˫ȭ˺һֽȻͬҶɱ
䣡
һֽȻͬͬʱսϣ໥ײһ𣬱ƢһӽҶɳȥǧԪɫѪһ·
Ҷˣ
һĻ崫һ󾪺
ţСضסԼͲûнг
ʯҰŴӣɫأҲˣǿߵȷҶľУʵǳֲ
ɵһķǳìܣϣҶսϣܹӮⳡõĽܾˡ
żҺҶ֮ĳǻⲻˣһҶ𣬶żҽһ޴в
ܵҶǿ֮ҹż㣬Ǹʱ򣬿żҽˡ
ԣὫҶԾ󻼣ҶΪĹЩĿǷΧ֮ڡ
Ȼ
ȴҶս֮һֵ
ȻѾԪصıʺͷ򣬵ԲǺ׷Ķ֡
һ̣ɵһΪìܵľأš
˺º򰵰Ҷܹսʤ֣񻰣Ϊ壬ҲΪѵˣΪµͨϰգ
һ̣ЩսĸҲΪҶһѺ׷ʵ̫ǿˣ
ѿ׷Ĺȷûеʮ꣬ỳһഺפ߷ϻͯϹˡ
ղź׷Ĺʵ̫ǿˣ֮£û˭ܹӵһ
ҲҶǿ󵽲񻰣Ҫǿһ֣ټ˵ļʱҲˡ
˵п㡪ڣ׷ɭɱ
ô
ҶһתѪ˲䵹ָ˫ֲĹâƺǳڻ
оΣգʱĺ׷ܹв̫ǿˣƵòƴˡ
䣡
Ҷȼս˲ڣѾˣսذܣпܻս
ɱ
Ҷȭɱȭ˫дȭУȭǿһ֡֤Ļ֤۾Կһ漣սš
ȻˣҶ˿̻Զܷӳȭʩչһȭ֮ǳпܡ
ˣȼ£ҶԾɷӳȭֲ
ɣһȭţҶȻûƣѾĳˡ
ȭâƿ˿ٵصϢֱ׷ͷ­ȥ

׷Ծ˫쵶һ㣬صķģһ㣬ҫ۵ĹâҶȭͷ
䣡
쵶ȺײҶɫȭͷϣƿ˷Ȼȭͷ˿ڣɼǣɫѪҺ
Ҷǿȭѭʹãѣ޹⡣
սٴαɫѪҺͺɫѪϷʾ˶ˣһβҵײ
˶ס˺ŵעսϣΪ˼ͣ
սȫݺûˣϲϵ޵ļλ׼ۼǿ֮⣬ܹսе龰
׼ʳϵЦʧˣȼ֮ҶȻܹͺ׷սѹƺ׷ļɲǸͷ
꣡
ҶһƵ콣գ׷ͷһƣҲɢǱ
ҶҲòĶȥ²˿ڣѪ죬ʹմѪһ㡣
һ޵У
׷ŭˣͬȼսһһʧɫ
ֲϢսϣһһգʱ䡣
һĹâ䣬Ԫ֮ӶˣҪһɱҶΪӮⳡʤ
䣡
䣡
䣡

в£ҶױˣɽӴӡɽӡɵӡҲɳȭǽ˵ƴˣƵ
깲ϺŬԿĹâҲſˡ
һ˲䣬ҶƴɱɢҲƵƵӳŻɱ֮
ȻûǳҵԤϣ
׷ѪҶȻȻûе£ɵһ㶡
뷨ֲֿĹԼҲδܽӵ£Ҷɡ
ȻϢʧ֮ҶȻأȴԾûվսС
㻹û
ҶЦ
Գսϴڵ֮ؾбش֮⣬׷ΨһƵɽˮһ
ò˵ǿҲ䣬
ҶԽԽĺĳӣ׹쳹ء
䣡
һϢҶϱȼԼ꣬սٴ
ԣ˺ܶĲȱʬ壬һɢֲϢʥ档
⡭
һĻ˵ľˣ廹壬ıˡ
׷Ҳ⣡
һͬʱֽȻͬ໥Ƶ˿֣ΪԼˡ
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ȼ֮󣬳ʬ̫Ѱˡ
ô£
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ΨкҶʯҰ֪Ҳ֪βģֻζʲô
ˣ
Ҷٴγ֣֮޸ʮѨе̥ƺԴԴϵΪṩ

Ҷһƻӳ޴ĺɫƴݺݵĽ׷ս̨ϣ
ɱɢ֣
Ҷٴζɱﵣ
ɱɢֵʹߵʵֹҶȼ֮ɱɢ϶մȾ档
Һף𣡡
׷ɱɢ²ϵŭ
ԭΪԺɵĽҶնɱû뵽Ѿۣȴһ
Ҷ·Ǹ޵׶һԶҲ֪ĵŶֵǿǿ󣬾Ưˮϵһһˮôǣʼո߳ˮһЩ
~
ܶʿһսȻĶǣҶսʤ˶֣Ӯⳡʤ
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ʥս̨ޱȣ´˿̺׷ͱҶĽ˵¡
ˣ׷ҲˣȼʩչǿͨȴøҰܵ³

׷岻ϵŭȻȴʼ޷ѳҶĺɫ֣ǺɫĴּĿǺʡ
󣬺׷ƴʧʮһͷ­˳ֱƿռ䣬صӪ֮С
Ҷֱǹվ̨
սδն֣ȴһսǬΪӮ˾ʤ




1656 Ӣ
սʤҶһĵ㺮һǧɣͬʱҲӮⳡԵʤ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷ

ս֮ڣǴźҶ֣أ쳹
ӽҶֽԶÿһ˵УʿͨˣڹǧֶԶ˼ס˴̡
⾭һսעҪʷģҶӢۣΪʿĿеż񣬾Զķᱮ
Ҷһ֮ڼȵ֮㣬ΪϺ͵λΪܹƽ׿Ĺס
һЩһʥڿҶʱ¶˺εͺ;Υ˵Цݡ
~
ˣһǿеǿʯͷҲʧˣÿ˶һ
ҶӮĲⳡͬʱҲϺ͵λ
һʱ䣬ҶӰĿбޱȸߴһɽһ㣬ֹ
ʤˣؼһսʤˣ
ܶʿٴ˹̵ˮϲõˮҸˮ
岻ۣ
ⲻһջһںţʵʵڵʵӮõġ
ҶΪĹͣ
ಣ
ϲ˵ֱӵʥս̨ݸҶһ׵ƿʾȥ
ҶƿһƮɢΪ֮һǺö
ˣˣ
ҶҲֱӹ˺üڣϼԴҺ
һս̫ˣȼ꣬оЩƣˣԴҺֱѩ̿
ܿ죬ȫָˣΪȼնҲõ˻ָ
Ƭ̹Ѿȫԭˣ»ָ۷״̬ȴս֮ǰá
սǼΪʵΨһԽʯΨоĥºͲɱ֮󣬲ĳɳ
ÿһǿ߶һܶʷǾһδ飬Ѫϴ֮Ϊһصǿߡ
Ҷлл㣡
ĬĬ˵
ֻе磬ףҶһսʤζʲô
ϲȻʲôҲû˵ȴжҶӣһΪԺӣԺӡ
ϲ令̣ԲҶκʧѾҶԺı־
Ҷпڽ֤ΪԺ߳ȥĵڶλۣǺεȵҫ
ʥȻûкҲܹԿǶҶһսжôӡ
λﵽΣž޴ĲƸ˵֪ܶܡ
ͬʱҲһαʧܽпĺ
岻ۣ
Сǣȥɣ
ɱ˸ҵ̨Ϊֹ
һûôĿǣھĻҶһսǬҲûз̵Ļˣܲ˷ܣ
ӪһƬž˶˪һͷԣǹϵһǿ߶սˣֻӻһͷ­
Ȼ׷ƾͨʧܵطӰΪħֻҪһ޷սʤҶԶӰ֮¡
ҪսʤҶ̸ף
ǿҶʵ̫ǿˣ
ΪǿȣҶʱ˿ûκơ
ͨ似ҶҲ·磬ǿǿǴСǿһӲÿ¡
׼ʳɫܵˮһսܵʵ̫ˣֱһͿء
Ҷһˣսߣնɱˣһˣʿ׵
֮ǰԤȫ㣣޴Ĵþ˵
ʿ˭Ҳȿڣŭֲ׼ʶ塣
ǿҲˮʧѾ죬ʣµܹʤҲز˾ˡ
׼ۼսһͿأһʧһ׼۾ǿߡ
ʥսȻʤˣҲʧһʥǿߡ
һıԡ
һͿأ
ǱҶն˸˵ϣ
ɶ񰡣΢оȻһ̥Ҫǿ󣡡һǿߵһ䡣
һȴûκһ˵Ψһûеǳ߸ɫ
ԭڿҶܵشʱ򣬻Ϊܹˣû뵽̶һ˲䣬Ҷָ۷״̬
Ȼǻ壬ǵʵȺ׷Զˣ׷嶼Щ䣬ȥҲķݣûκ
ŭʡȫΪ˿־壡
Ҷսȥֵϳ
һ
Ҷٴһ㣬ŭ
ɶ񣡡

δǳŭպǵ۾ʿʵ̫ˣĲǷҪһ·ɱȥɱ߲ɣ
Ą̵̊́ҶˣȴʮּɵʵʣղŵϢҶսָֻ۷״̬
Եҩѹƣʱܹӳ۷սնɱҲ´ˣǲðա
һ̣˼ȷŭֻ̻̲գ̻ѡԼ
˿̣ǿѡ˭˭͵ڵظˣʱп
˵ıʿУʱǽʣһϣˣƵ뵽㡣
δսӣսʤ֣
״̬ȥҲֻûκá

ǵıͨͨ취۴ݵߣ˶һʱЦ
СǣĻû׼Ҷӻ󷢴ȱǣ
˺ܲĴУͨ󷨴Ӫʱɫһࡣ
ʱٴתҪΪҶѡһ֡
䣡
û뵽ǣ׼ʳ۾Ȼѡ䣬˫ֽӡһϣǿ̵ֹת
ȻˣҪ䰺Ĵ۵ģ̻ܵˣΣҲ⵽һЩɡ
ҪǣûеǳĻҲܵشǵϢѾӡϣǿֹȻҪۡ
Ȼ
ۻѡ䣬̵ֹתһѪ
ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲͬʱһѪɫɷף񶾵Ҷȥ
׳ʿϱ۵ľĺǣǳﰡ
־̾һ
˶֪ҶĿǰ״̬˵̨ҲǱɱķݡ
ȻƶӣȴסߵһϳǾͲҵˡ
䶨ˣҲûʲôӿɶһ仰ߵ˵׬ˡ
ˣһսûˣ
屬һ纣ХһĻףⳡ֮׵ʤ
ͬʱǲԼͬؽĿͶս̨ǵӰ
ΨһӰ




1657 ѪȾ·
ȻˣһиҪ󡣡
ǻʤʱ׼ʳһִʥս̨ˣƽ˵
ʲôҪֻҪ֣ǻܹӦġ
ϴ壬ͳ۸նԻ
ҳϣԼˣȻݷĿȨҲǰˡ
Ϊһ·ῪŹᣡ
۳˵ҵҪǣһЩؾʱҲҪؾ̽ͬԵ
⣬ǵһЩʿҲҪȥǿչ·ĥ
ӦǾʹ˰֣ԸһԼҲᷢȫս
һ˲Ҫʥܸ֮𸴣
ԣһ£𸴡
ã
˵飬ҾǵĴ𸴣ϣҪʧϾҲ뿴Ϳ̿Ѫɺӵӡ
вв
ڱò
һֱĻǵҪսĿĲ뽫ϾɱҪĿȨյĻԻ͡
Ȼսܣ˱·ǾԸᡣ
С̣ʵҲֻ֪ûеưˣ
صսǱԵԪغϣϽ۵Ļϲߵȸ˵һ
޿ܣ
Ҫսս
һը˹
ЩΪܴӦȻôߣӲܿ
ҪҲ֣ǿһ
ûҪӰ΢΢αƣ
󲿷Ƿǳǵģ֪Բܷ֤ͳɵĻᣬһǱƼˣĺпƸۡ
ⲢԸ⿴ġ
˵һεĺƽ֮ףҶһ֮סһߣ½Ķࡣ
ȻӮ˱ǧĺƽȶʵڵֻһֻֽϻͦˣȴ
ɵһЩҲʶһ㡣
һƽһӢܱʧѾõĴжˣཫӭһԻ͵Ĵ
ͬҲһпĴʣʧѾõĴг֣ʻײõĻ𻨡
һ֤ĴµӰѾʧѹ֤ˡ
һɵֵĴλۺʵܣ·Ȼǧ֮ڿ
ʿնϺ쳾Ĺڹ¶ͼįǿΪʲôܹɵɽ
ɣ֤ÿһʿռ룬ҲÿһʿԸģ廹塣
ȫϾǵϣпܻƸۣƴơ
ķչǸزѪɺӣȻԪˣ
һ£֣ڰĻ嶼Σգ
󣬾ѵĴ̣Ǵһ¹ʶǾǴӦ
̽ؾ
һҪǿչ·ĥҲûʲôԵģÿ˵ƽȵģͿܷסᣬܹˡ
⣬λҲһϷǾǣ˫һǿ߲ԴС֮£ɱԷţݡ
ϽλĽת֮󣬳ˬĴӦˣҲǿ߻֮£ɱš
˫Ŷ˺ܺõıδЩ˵ġ
һǿ߲£һʱΣԡ
˵ţ˵ǶһЩ۲᲻ԲŴӦˬ졣
Э鶨£˫ѪģһԳһͬǿ֮·ĥԵ
¡صʽ֮ޱȱ˾ݷ
ʿϲÿ϶¶ظϲá
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ڻУҶҲΪӢۣͷһʱ
˶Ҷͷһ֮ߵĻܾܿһˡ
˾߻սдŵƽʣַǳоݡꡢʳķ³ȫѣٳǿ񻶣ףⳡΰʤ
ΪαĹϣϲҶõߵĴΪӢۡ
Ҷ˵ڼȵƵȵ׵ʱ԰ԾµǿƣΪӮĺ
ȻԺϺϲɮʵԶʤҶȴ
ԭܼ򵥣ҶڹؼʱǿƳ֣סŵ棬ôڵĽ»Ȼͬ
һӣҶӢۣսǵˣߵﶼдʿΧۡ
󣬻ǴħԾۻҶߣűΧ۵Ρ
˵һ¥һЩƲˣħ˵ȳԣһˣٵ㡣
˵ţ¥ݿڴһŲȳǰǷһĨĹͷ
ţ顢°׹˾ơʯҰҲˣ˾ţֱ˦һȭͷļƷʯ¥
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ҶֵܣζˣĻѾں忪սˣº޸п˵
ûҶһ֮ʤ峡棬ǾԲ׵䡣°׹Ҳͣһ˫
ɲһ˵ĹͣǴһŬĽ
Ҷǫѷ˵ţƱΪǵʤһ
ԶԶԣȸһ
æٱƣ𣬻ζ
ڵ֪ҶԼ¥ۻ֮ϰϧȡǧ
ӢۺԼ¥СۣôҲ̫ˡ
ƹѲ˹ζ˵ĻϻҲˣϵر˺ܶ¡
°׹ŮӵϷ˵ĺΣҶ۾жˮģ˵Ľġ
Ҷֵܣʲô㣿
ƽͷ«һ޶ں˺֮ܶҲԾʹħ˹Ҷʵ
޶ƽƽȴõ׾ȭĴУΪͨطڣսˣд͵סįˡ
Ҷһ£˵Ŀǰûʲô㣬ǿչ·֮һȥһġ
ǿչ·
һȻҶ֮⣬ڳĪģ޲ǴоԶһЩȻš
ǿչ·̫֮ǰǿ߿ٳһǿ֮·ͬҲΪΣյһ·
ǿչ·϶ʬǣܶ콾ڽǿչ·֮Ҳûлڻ֮С
ʷϣܶλ۶ǿ֮·õĪĻԵ
ܹ֮꣬֤Ļ֤ɵۣҲǿչ·ĪĹϵ
˵ûдڴ룬ǿд˽ȥ컯õҪһУմǿչ·޵֣޾ǿ֤
۹Ȼ졭
ҶõһϢɵ񣬶ǿ֮·㽺
ǿչ·ϳ˸Σպͻ֮ǰֻиƼǿ߲ʸ̤ǿ֮·
ͬһδ֪ĵ·Щһǿƻع顣
Щ⣬硣
˵һȾѪ·Թ񣬵̤·ģûмܻŻ
ȻܹŻһǾŵĴڣδ֤Ҳܻһʢǧ꣡




1658 ׷
ʥͽԼįΩģҪǿչ·ûϷˣǾƬˡ˺͹껵˸п
ǰƾǵʵҲܽǿչ·һڲˣһƽʵŲǵʵͲ
֪ƾǿߣǽǿչ·׿ţֻҪΪԼʵ㹻Խ룬ԸܹŻļ̫Сˡ
Це˵ҲеõϢ
ʲôζ˭Խǿչ·ˣ
𾪣һذϢ
Ȼ˵Ƽǿߵˣǿչ·ڵԺոյԺ׼ѾһأҪǿչ·ҲҪսһλʥӲʸ񡣡
˵ǿչ·Σأܶʵǿ콾һȥˣûʥӼʵ̤ǿչ·͵ԺһӲԹ涨ҲΪ˱Щ֪ߵغʿν
ˣҿ϶ûϷˡ
ô˵һйˡ
ʲһʵҲǿǺʥȻһЩ
ȥԣ
ʯҰץץһͷ˵
Ұ˻ϣ⣬ӵսѪκʥ
˾˵Ҳȥԣ۶߹ǿչ·ʲôرĵط
֮ڣǿչ·ȻῪʱҶȥײײ㲻ɹҲûϵԼŬڽźһ׳һذϢ
ϢھܣԺû繫Ǳǰ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪ǿչ·ľȻǼпģ콾ѡ̤ǿ֮·Ҳͬᣬһǿչ·ٲûһЩײĦ
ĵܾãֱ˶Щʵ˲ŸɢȥϢ
ڶһ磬Ҷӵ۱Ϣϵսǵĳȥһˣش顣
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תһҲܣŸոǩЭ飬岻ôͳ
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սǱһ׼۱ɣ󣬵ȴ񻪳죬һصϢ
սǱͲ󣬳ȻҲ̫󣬵߽Ժ̸֮ܵһɲͬѰ
еԸʿΪͶ̫ϳϼģ̫ϳϼĸûʸվڳС
ϾʮŲʯףҶɻĲֻټĴѾԸǡ
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۱Ʒɿ˵λԼʥص֮ŮΪޣ

ҶԣԴ㡰ˡһЦõؿλ
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ѩѩųƱһŮ޳޹˪ѹѩ֮ϳˣžޣ˵ʮԼһ˵°͡
ĲʳȷȥףҪѩֻǱܾˡ
˽Щ֮Ҷ̫ˡ
ʱЩǸû˻ۿһжôͻȻ
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޹µѩʹƵ̸»ʳ֮ҪȻҪó㹻ĳ
ʲôʲôǿһģˣǰʲôȥˣСʱǸʲô
۱Ʒ弱ˣվλһ䣬󻰷һתǶˣҾ۱֮ǰѾˣҾ۱˽İŮĹϵҲǳãʲô
ŮҶСֵܴöأܻУ¿²аɣʥվ˵
ʿǧ꣬ʲô

һʱ䣬뽫Լе޸Ҷг£һԲϾҪɼܵơ
ˣҪˣǵѾˣԼѡɣѡ˭Ƕ޻˵Ҳ˺
ѩʥһ仰˲䰲˫۾ˢˢؿҶĿгڴ
Ǹо·˵ֻҪͷҼ˫ȱΪ




1659 ҫ
ڵ򣬻磬˶ģʥҲ⡣
ҶСʱû˿֪绹һҶ˴ڡ
ҶЮ۱ɨݵ֮ҲûнķϣֻǰԺҲûгıĵ۱
ҶһʮλʥӼţǿ˶ѹˣߵʥӲλʶĵǺֶΡ
ǸʱЩԾûнϣΪŵ۱һеġ
ֱҶڵ֮ؾѹڵһ󣬸ףǸСʿѾɳһΪµĵزˣ
˴ΣıԣҶϳɱŲҵ̨Ϊȡǧĺƽʱ䣬ΪӢۣ
˵ҶѾȫˣ
ʵٹЩ꣬ҶܹƽƽˣǳԽǣ
ֳɳٶ𾪣ҲԤеҶпһƽǡ
Ψһǣ
׵һĻ
ĴУҶ㲻ȣڶǴ
꾭ĴѾޱȣһ˿̾ͻѪص
Ժҡ
ΣҶֻϲȣԼ㿪Щǵľ
յҶĴϲ΢΢һЦվλһʵ޴ѡôѡ񶼲ˣһ飬ȸԻȥǵӰ¼Ȼ͵ԺԼѡܱΡοⶫýͶԵܹһҲ˵ûм֮ǰξ񣿡
ҲҲã
λ룬ϲ˵Ҳе׷״Ӧ
Ψ̸ʥ»۱ϸڣһŲæӡ
λ׷ȥ֮ҶϲҲ˴ͨսǵĴֱ̨ӺոϻԺݱһʱ
Ժӣ顢˾ơ˵Ҳһˡ
ҶӣĺĽ㣬ѩѩֱǸŮ㾹ȻûдӦǸ׺䣡
֪Ҷ׵֮󣬺һ߷ߵ˵
ݺᱱȻѩ൱˽⣬ѩλ飬ʹˡ
үүԵѩʥףϧܾˣѩʥȻ뽫ԼҶһĶˡ
ҶȻҪܾʱ򣬸Ǵض㣬ԹҶû۹⣬Ӧþֱܾݺݵĵһ֮Żرˡ
ǺˣҲһĽʺޣ
ƽʥӣܹȢһŵԵʥ鶼ѣҶԷģ
ڵ֪Ҷ˻ع֮ԺˣʦϣµѧԺӣȫ˳ӭǵĻع顣
߾һսϢʹ˻˶֪Ҷһ֮ߣɱ߲һսΪӮ˱ʤϢ
Ҷ
ԺĽ
Ӣۣ
Ҷ˳ǰʱԺﱬ纣ХĻ
ÿ϶˸Źԡ
һЩͽľžĳ̶ȵϽʦǵۿʪˣ⼤
ؿҶɢ˰ɣǲûʲô
ǵĻУվһʾһ˵Ǹо·Ĺ
˭
Ϊڻӭ֪ܡ
һȳָһŮʿɤӵԣǴδ˺޳֮ˣ
ȿȡҲй͵ģ
̬ãƤȳǽսǶ˿Ϊ⣬һԵõӡ
һŤȥһҸһﲻı顣
˵һս֮ҶѾԺӢۺͽеӳݣΪǷܶĿͶ
ҶСĶأҲ
һǺһԶԺڵǼæ·±ͷȥ

ҶһȻһﻹôɧ
Ҳǳ𾪣һʱ䲻һøˣһ˫ȭͷ۾âѪڣ
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Ҷ˷ܵһһ籡棬˸ſµҰԣӽ׳Ĵצǰ
ǣӭ𣿡
ҶҲЩӳɫӭȥ
飡
һ죬䣬ҫΧ۾˶òûǿҵĳ
Сӣ˵簡Ȼһ˶սߣɱ岻ҵ̨һս򰡣
൱˷ܣɢǿϢȻûбҶ¶٣ɼһʱڣҲûš
֮ʺرһʯѿľ۶ϣɽҡض
һ͵ʲôöˣôɳô죿ҶЩ档
Ҫﱾʹˣ˫ÿ󡪡Ϊٰ
ƴҶգۣƺ͵ʲôöˡ
öҪ
ҶķʽвȻҾͽ͵Ե˵ȥ
@#
һһǱߵõʲôôأôҲ÷һЩɣ

Ҷһͷߡ
һһǶһԺҲ׷ɢȥˡ
Ҷս̼Ǿƴ
ЩҲоѹڽ磬ûеʵû취˶ԣǱ뾡ʵ
ѧԺ죬Ƿ׷״Լҵ¼Ӱ׷ԺҶһǸԵ顣
ҶʱоͷˣЩ˺ôҲǸʥôô򣬷Ҫѡ
ϲ֮ǰĽ飬ԺҲû취ֹЩ˵ĵֻû֮ƣȽס˵
Ľʺް
ЩʥǶҶ׵ģԺٴһѣ˶֪뽫Ҷδ˩Լսϡ
һΣ־ˣܲҶĺĻʽܵõĴԴб
ǸʱҪ£ҶڵϣĳӰˡ
ҶҵӡͲãôҷǵûиκΰŴҪɱص۱
ԺҰɡ
׷ᣬҶֻٴҵϲ͵Ժͨһ£Լǰ֮ؾбѣȻʱһͬǰǿչ·
Ҳ֪ôģЩ֮Ǻģ´ƽ⣬ڣǶȴ̬ȣҲ⡣ϲЦ˵
ǵ£ҲκһģֻȶһʱˡҶ˵
ȥҲǰ취ȥ˵ԺΪǾҲ𣿡ϲ˵
ҾȷǣҲκһҲõˣҶֱ˵˵
ˣ㻹ȲҪ˵ȵǵθڣԺٷЩʱա
ϲЦе˵ȥ֮ؾȥӥɣȥ̨
лԺ
Ҷԣ˿ֵл
ԺӣҲԺĽӢۺδĹؼСлʲô
ϲ٩һ䣬ȻֲźۼѵСӿɲܱҫͷԣҪٽŬȡ֤ɵۣ
ӶȫԸ
Ҷͷܹϲϣ
ϲչصĽس֮ҶӭڹڸתƵİǣɵһ㶡
ҶСӣôϼһӦ𣿡
֪ҶҪȥԺĵ֮ؾбѣܹʵ
컹ҪСģЩҶ˵
ĺˣҸƣ׼ۼģӦϢ
˵ͣһ£˵ȥ֮ؾôң򼴱յʱЩʥҲܸӦֻߵĲЩϼһĸ֪
㲻ȥ֮ؾ˵ĺΪҺƵġҶƲ죬Ҵȥ֮ؾ
ã
ԣЦֱ죬˫֮г̰Ŀ⡣




1660 Ϊ
һҹ޻ڶһ磬ҶͰ͵͵ҵִӥɡ
ӥѾõԺϲָʾʲôҲû˵ֱӴһһԺĴʹ
Ժ֮һԺĻܣ̨ԺɵκһҪĵط
Ȼˣ⡣
ĴʿħںͷڶóϴԣҲǿʿȴҲûл˵Ȼˣֻǲ֪ǱڶȻ˻ǱħڶȻˡ
ܿ죬ҶͰǱӥԺĴʹ
ҶѾϤˣŴСС̨ÿ̨ͨͬ
һעŵԺ̨ϣӥɷú˴߶̨ʯҶͰվ棬ơ
ˣ
âһʯĹâһţҶӥɻӻ֣Űһ֮Уʼա
аǵڣû˸оѾ뿪ԺԾϺĺµȴš
ΪҶڼѵѡ񣬱ϾһǳԾѡ񣬶һʱҲġ
ⲻ֪ҶѲѧԺǺĵԺȥˡ
вԶǺڰ͹¼ţҲһЩѤĹâЩѤõĹâÿһնɱǿߵ
ûʱģ·һɲǣַ·޾ʱ䣬Ҷǰһ߳ѾڵԺ֮ˡ
Ҷ
ҶոճڵԺ֮УɮܵڶѭȥֻڲԶһΰĽǰɮܺһʦվԼ
ҶҪϢѾ˹Ժˡ
ССͱΪ˲˼飡
ѡǵԺöðϧˣ
ܹڵľ磬ɱһһսʵ죬пƽΨһǣ
ԺʦǷ׷׾̾ҶĳǿʵսȡõĳɾͣͬʱҲΪҶѡԺеϧ
ϧϧͬ飬ڶˣҶԽǿ󣬶Խкôһ֪ġ
Ϊ壬ѾŻ֮ԺҲãԺҲգ֮ܶ
ԺЩȴûôߵľ򣬲ֵԺΪҶĴڳѹ˵ԺƣǸⲻޣⲻҪ˵һЩ
ȻҲһֵԺվȫǵģҶĴڲǻ£ԺԺǶѹѹ磬֮ܶڲ顣
Ҷս壬ΪӮ˺ƽȶǶѾŻ֮ˣ֮ĶԹ
վǶǣҶĴڶ˵һ£Ӣۡ
ҶĵĸлںһսΪ׿ԽףӢۺδϣֵôԺΪ
һԺϽʦҶļ˵
ЩӦģǰлʲôţûҲضܹӮⳡϾǻλûгֻ֣ǵķͷ֪ǻ᲻Ҷ뿪Ц˵
СӻˣֱǶϷƢθϧ㲻ҵԺĵӣϷȻڡϽʦЦ˵
ԺĵӣҲ˽ϾһˡɮҲЦ˵
˵ҲǣҶֻҪѧϷڣһѧܲʧϽʦˬʵĴЦš
ԪѾ֮࣬ǰ϶ҪԼһѧȥģҲڵԺн
ԺӺͽʦǶҶԺЩиӲƽõԺĽʦǲƽʲôѧҲȴڸǲŶԡ
ǵԺҫХˣ˫۳죬֪ҶֵĻһᵱҶսϴˢĳ衣
ɸؾУ˲ϴһգǹ·ڳƣ³һе۵ͳ衣
ϲѾ˵ˣΪ㿪֮ؾϵľлҪ˵ɣ
ںһ֮ɮҶ˵
ôˣû°ɣ
뵽ƴɱ½׼ʳ껣˵֮Ҷɵõǵʵ
ԴԪҲܵ˺ܴˣ׼չˣָԴԪٱչ֮ǰ㡣
ɮһص˵
ǵԺĵ֮һԺŽԺԺɮϴս֮۱Ʒ飬ؽչܹԪҩҲҪסϵ
֮󣬵ԺеԴбָıԴ
ڵԺһ۵ĽСʯͷ⣬Ҷȹˡ
˿̵ϣһɹ̫׵ͷ紵Щңƶۣһ˫۾ǵĹ⣬ͷͨûκӦ˿Ĳ
Ǻðдѵഺӻ
Ҷ֣޸п˵
ϣ̸һҪȸˡ
ɮܽҶ֮Ͼһ֮󻺻ȥ
ɣġ
ָָԱߵʯģʾҶ
ҶͷߵʯǮһʱ䲻֪ôڣ˾ôɹ̫
ˣܹӮǧĺƽʱ䣬ӹΰսһѾͿ̿սˡ
ãϲƿڣҶȡõսʾ͡
һжϺɮԺϲǰǣСӺι֮СҶǫѷ
йй֮ǿ壬Ƶóϼһﲻòޡ
ЦЦ˵ĿǰȻǳţҰģһֱȡĿȨջԻ͡ΣȻʱǾľ֣֮սᱬʱܷ׾ȫЩˡ
ҶĬȻ֪ôȥĻΪ˵ʵԲưոݡ
ֻƴʵֻڲԶĽס֣Ϻ͵λ
һ̣ҶʱԼϵĵӱøˡ
ˣûжٹϵһ̣Ǹоε
ϸ˵ЩڰʾԷɣΣʱп٣Ψʱ׼ţܲڴֲ
ϴ֮Բ·ͻȻǰûоֵ׼ŵ˲Ҿķ
ǰ׼Ͳһ˼Ҿķˡ
ֻһСΣնѣΣ˵һͷ𣿡ϳĬƬ̣˵
ţ
Ҷͷȷ£ɸؾзģһսҲ׸оǿ
ʷйκڰңɵġЩħ˼˺ңԶδǻή٣ཫһεĺڰңʱѣʿҪٽ˿иһٴ֣ûܹվĻͳ׻ˣĿҶ˵
ν﾿ʲôϸܵŨϢѵﲻɣ
Ҷѯʵ




1661 ܽ
һȺһȺħɱ¾ΪܣʱɢĶϢǿ֮ȫޣ
ҶһԣЩνҲĳ壬༫ƣǻȴۼס
һ˵īɫۼ׵Ķ͵ȵɫɫȵȡ
ĵȼǳɭϣ֮Ҳ໥ɱԻȡ
κһ˵ﶼǶħÿռһ򶼻ὫϵȫɱԻȡԴ
ʷϣҲԶҪЩﳹ׽󻼡
ããҪҵǵĸǼǲܵģԶ޹пȫû
Ʋ⣬Ǹ϶һŻǣããУʵ̫ˣɳʤ
һһٺһֻ˺ܳʱ䣬ڹŬӦֵܳΣ
ֱϦ£ҶͰǲ뿪ˣɮܵİºգڵ֮ؾ֮С
ء
ϰԵǺһɤӣǧһ㣬ҡڵ۳Ƿȥ
Ҷ԰һǷβܣ֮ؾ֮һԺĽʦİ£ڵ۳ס
һ죬ҶûгţԴ֮ؾ֮ʧˣ֪ʲôȥˡ
֮Ҷ֪ڻļһԲͣģһʱ伣϶ûʲôƨ
ԴˣҶ̬Ⱥȷ˭ƨ˭˻ҲǣȥС
⼸Ҷÿ춼ڲϵĻ֮սÿһϸڣеõٵĸ
ǿ似Ҳƫⲫ̫ͣͨעأǿ˺˶֡
ĴܴΪֲԣսʽúıϡ
ڲսʽ֮ҶпжԼսƵĸˡ
Ļ䣬ҶĸԽԽ̣ӶȷԼԺҪߵĵ·
ǿȲǿԣֻҪ似ǿȫԷӳ
似ȭ֮Ҳò似ˣ۴ȭ˸ֻ޷ӳеˡ
ţԼʵһԽȭȫӳġ
Ҷ֮ؾ֮Ժȴף±Ͼ̫ãϺ곤裬ЩʥҲɵӣһ۽ëǿյģʼձŪ
ڵ֪ҶѾԺ֮ЩǼҵԺϲѯҶȥ
ǲˣѾ˵ˣΪͻ߾֮ǰκŮ֮£ѾȥˣҲ֪
ϲ˫һ̯ȫƵҶϡ
λǳģ෽̽ϣܹ̽Ҷȥ򣬿ջûκν
ⲻˣ֪ҲһˡЩ޷޲ƽ˵
󲿷ʥû˵ʲôһûʲôֻҪܹһӡɻԼӡϼӷֲٵġ
ҶڣҪͻƵ߾ûмʱ䶼޷
ЩһӶ޷ͻƵ߾ţ߾ԵסҶĽŲ
˴죬ԾһЩʥĲ鲻Ըȥˡ
һ粨ƽϢˣǶԺĵ˵ִ̼ȴǽˡ
ҪΪҶڶ
Ҫ׷żĽŲ
б̼ԺӶ׷װзģһҪŬȡҲҶһܵ˵ĳݺͻӭ
һʱ䣬Ժһ񳱣˶Ǵ˼ѪһıչؿޣĥԼϺԺĽʦüЦ

ͬʱҶҲڽ˸򣬳Ԫغȥ
ԪغиԪضܷ棬ľ֮أڣԪıȽϾ֮ͨ⣬ԪصıʺͷԶԶûͨ͸
עصľǶԪرʺͷԣԪغѵʥء
һΣ죬ԾȴˮԪʼһֱߵˮԪغģϥĬĬ͸
ˣ
ﲿλһö˲˸͵ĹâˮԪصķġ
͸ˮԪطĵĹâڻǿζˮԪصıʺͷĸˡ
ˮȴûˮǿлص
еľξƷκδֻˮɽԴݿ࣬ݻһи赲Ķ
ԣˮǽᣬдգõõһˮԪرܺɨһ赲
ҶˮԪ죬һֱ޷ڼӦվľԪȥ
˿̣ӣľ飬׽ľء
ľԪصĺˮԪȫͬ˲ԤʾڵĴ֮໥Ӧ
ľԪصķĿʼ˸Ҷɮ붨һ㣬ľԪصĺ֮С
ڸղţҲоҲڱչأ໥֮˭Ҳ˭ĬĬš
Ԫغʿ˵ʥأҲֻı߾بŵԪ֮ˡ
Ԫ֮ɱأһʿܹ͸ġ
ܶɢ޶ûʸؾиԪصıʺͷڸԪطʱĵطС
ȷ˵ˮԪؾͱҪˮԪطĵطȥ򺣣ֻĵطˮԪزŻ档
ԪҪɽȥҪ͵סǿֲĸ²С
ԣ֮ؾеԪغ󣬵ȷʿͬʥء
°빦ҲõҲԼԪأԪؾȫ
ʱһĹȥҶҲڲϵĸص㣬ľԪصԪأٵԪء
ֱԪȫ֮ҶŻԪصĺУӲϷȣһƬ
ԸԪصĸԪطҲԽԽˣȻԾ޷Ԫصķȣ֮ǰѾ˲СĽ
ֱԪ֮Ԫȫһ飬ͣչһ½ǡ
˿̣㣬ĸоԼѾ˴ԲʱͻƵڡ
ֲֿٶȣñ֪Ļ»ᾪһ°ͣŸոͻƵã
Ҷûмͻƣ֪Ȼʲôĺǿ԰סص
ÿһߵʵδŲΪȶʲôȥ£Ȼͻơ
⣬ҪͻƣԪֲ̫Ҫʯ
Ҷһ£ȥЧ΢΢Ҫʵսĥͳܼ֮ȥ
Ԫغ߳Ҷȥĥ
ûнֵ




1662 ս
ưܣɫĴط·ѪȾһ͸ɭȻɱ
ǵ֮ؾеһûǿߣȫǱƼ۵ǳǦƵͳ˸оѹ֡
ҶҪģ֮ؾ˱֮⣬֮ǰĳŵսһ֮ͬ£﾿ܱ壬ǿ١
֮ǰĽвƶϳͬȾ£Ӧñʿǿ
ããУ̫δ֪ڣಢΨһĸߵǻֻеһְˡ
ֻ̫аɱ¾ΪȤսߡ
κһһԣôֻһǾȫʧһǡ
ҶĲԶյš
սģҶһ֮ʮߵȻѾ򴫱ˣ֪Ҷս絽˺ֵزۼ֤һ¡
ǰЩȥֶЩʲôҶôʣؿƿƼ˾ºڿڣŪҶһ취ҲûС
ţ
ոսƬãҶ͸ӦһƵϢ
Ϊ֮ϢǳУϢֵ˲λá
⣬ԺĽʦͨ۹עųеһУҶﱻһ˲λãʱһ
ĸо˸еֲŲڶѰôӵбҰ޻Ҫֱ

һԺʦп
ӱȻڽԼĴ˵һԺϽʦҲ˵
˿̣Ҷ֪һеľٶѾλϽʦ𾪡
һǺԼͬȾģȻ㹻ܹնɱҲҴ⡣
ܿ죬ϢԽԽŨˣҶоⲻ
Ҳ궯κŨϢʱ򶼻оĪĲӦ
ܿ죬ͷԶĵƽϣ㲻մҶƮ
һĿɫƬ׶ߣһԹաһ㡣
վͷҶһɼȵѹȸУ·һɽһ㡣
˫޸⣬ڿûκһ˾塣
˵Сսʤͬôе
ҶԺϽʦòȷ˵
ӦûɣܹԽնɱߣһǽҡһϽʦ˵
δأ似ͨϺŹͨĵطĹֶνȻͬûоģȻԿ϶ǻԿġ
ɸؾ٣һǿҲûоעҲˣؼʱ̿Գȥơ
䣡
䣡
䣡
λ֮ؾʦ۵ʱϣҶѾǸﶯˣѣҵݺ硣
ҶԤϵǣȻǳǿܹԹᱻˡ
ҶеŵǣȻνֶΣںڵĹâӰ˵꣬Ҳżǿĸʴԡ
տʼֵʱҶҲǿʴһҿָܹ֮ʴһͻԿ
˵ȭײϵĽײ֮Ľǲ¡
ƺǺηܾ˵ķҶӲƴ
˵ваһССôöûұ㰡һԿ˵
ҶţһδεĽĹԡ
Ӧ˵﷢Ĳ֮κﶼżв
Ϣȴһ㣬ǾǾ׵ƺΪ
һ֮ҶתΪ˫ֲɫ֮˸Ż𻨣Ƶﲻϵˣն۾Ҳ¶˿־Ĺâ
֮ҶռϷ磬֮صۣÿһʯ쾪ڽڰˡ
ЩԺϽʦһ۾ɵȻҶͬģڵһνֵʱȻͱѹƳֱδš
֮ǰԺҲ콾ϣܹսɵһһıܣڷ
ڵһͬȾﲢսܵģЩ֮⣬Ҷǵһ

УҶŭڣɫķ˿Ʈһȭɫȭͷɫ֮ͼԵصۡ
飡
Ҷһȭؿڣ֮˲乥ķڡ
໡
﷢һҽУ˫۱˻Ұɫ·𱻵һɫĵ绨
飡
󣬺ȻըŨϢ˲ɢӣҶΧϢ֮С
ѰʿϢİΧ£ҲѲƤҶȴ·ûһһХȻϢˡ

һĻ˳ˣ
ЩԺϽʦȫɵˣ
ʲô
ǿɲԪϢ
Ҷȴһˣ
ҶԼҲеƣڸղţڷ·ʲôγһϢӵǿ
ͬʱҶоԼڵĴ֮ƺҲ۳һ뵽С
ô£
Ҷ֪ԼϢк£ԼɲʲôҪϢǿʵ
֮£ҶȻ֣ԼĵУ̥ͷϿճһһԲڿٵ׷ת
ɫľɾǴ֮۶ɣɫĳ͸ʴϢǸղյϢɡ
ڸΧǰַγɵİڻתš
һĻ澰ҶĿɿڴ
֪ǺûǻʣѾԼܹҵˡ
ܿ죬ҶվֻҪûΣȥ֮ô£ʵڲеĻʹݻǡ
ս˵һ֮ҶĴΪѾص͹ֶΡ
аײˡ
ܹҶ˵
ǣ˵ֻ൱ڵڵģҲɱ󡣡ҶͰһһ˵
ǺüˣŬ
˵ŵĨ֮ͣˡ
ţ
ҶӦǰԶһǿڿٱƽ
Ϣжϳ֮ǰǸǿ󣬾൱ڵĴˡ
ɱ
Ҷη壬ֱӭȥ֮ʹ֮ͬʱʩչɱɢȭڶ̶һ㽫ֻɱˣνѸײڶ
ϱһǿâȹâȥʱֻҶһվڵǸѾķˡ
⡭Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
ǳпһĻĵϽʦǹͬ




1663 
˽Ժ͹֮Ҷֱɱһ㣬ڵмѳŹ֮ϡ
ԽԽ룬ĵϽʦǵҲᵽɤۣΪͲܿƵˡ
ǴģܲŸƣһǿ߽ἤһЩ
Щｫǳǿпܻ۷֡
ҶʵȷǸе𾪣Ͼֻһڵʿǿڻ۷ҲǳΣգ
ЩϽʦΪҶģͬʱԥǷҪֹҶͬʱҶͰѾ뵽ˡ
ɫĴظӲѺۣûһһЩɽѵʯͷԵûưܡ
һ紵֪һЩݲݺҶЩĲ
ôоЩëǻ𣿡Щʵ
һֵҲЩоԾˣѾǳˣȴʼûʲô
ԽԽǸе
ôˣ˵Ļ˳ȥɣһ˼ǰУȻҪսԼļʲôطҶЦſһ۰ǡ
ʲô˭ϵ¾ûбµĶΣգսֲҡǹŲӲϡ
һһǼǰ˴Լ߰ҶͻȻͣ˫۾Զĵƽȥ
ңԶĵƽϳһڵ㣬һһڵλü
ˣ
Ҷ΢Цһ˵һ߿ʼ׼ս
һֲͬѰĸоǳǿ󣬺п൱ڵǿߡ

ܿ죬Ҷǰɫ˫Ĺâ˵ֱҶ
ǳߴϣһ㣬ϧûǣֻɱ¾ıܡ
ʲôҲǺ˻𣬳սܹǰ۷״̬֮⣬ͬһ
ȴҶżв
ҶһθܵʲôΣգ̫ǿģһȭںڵĹâܹ˲丯ʴҶҲγ˾޴ѹ
ڶԺ˼֮˶ˣҶɫȭͷѣɫѪҺ˳ָһεεĵ
һֱҲҶӲ˺ɫѪҺڵϣʯͷʴ죬һŵζ
䣡
ٴζԺһ֮󣬸˿Ҷ𾪲ѣǿʵܹ۷ǿˡ
۾ҲļɵͿ־壬Ҷÿһпֲ֮ÿ
ĬĬӵĿ϶УҶѪ¡¡죬ʢѪһ̳ױð۲Ҫ
һֱڵҶѪҺд֮ҶѪҺ˵ǿȱҩĴ󲹡
ЩϽʦѾ𾪵ľˡ
һʼǾҶһܹܣϾǵһκ潻֡
û뵽ǣ˵һ൱ڵҶЩӦ֮⣬˵ڶڵȻҶɱˡ
ɱ
ʲô
ҶʵҪϲпɱɣ
˿̣Ҷڵʱ򣬾ȻҲܹսɫƽɫ˭Ҳռκαˡ
ڣʣȻܹСսƽ֣Ҫʵ
Ҷ֪ıѾ׵߸⼸޾µϽʦǵĳʶǶԼľ˻ɡ
۷徫Ӣܷڵսƽֶδ֪֮
ĻҶǶʿ˵ԺСɱ֣
ԿзˣǸоǰĲʵ
ĪҶҲ˵ĴУһԺϽʦ˵
ԲܣգŲŽģĻӲϵķۡһԺϽʦҡͷ˵
ôϢ˱֮ΨֲôܻգַǸϽʦ˵
ĿǰǺʣҶ֮Ůϵĺӣӵо۵Ѫһõ˵۱ڵϿɡһ£һôܻõ۱ϿɣϽʦ˵
۲ݵʱеսٴοʼˣҶչֶΣȭں˰ȭȭ߱ǹһе⣬ձϢӡ
ǸҲʾҶƴ˸൱˴ӵϴ򵽿У細ֽһϱ򴩣һռڶϳ֣ʧ
۰СӾȻǿز
Ǳ𾪵°ͲҵϣųҶжôǿˡ
ǿʵɨһпܵģӳδʤ
뵱ߵĹѨʱߵ׵ǹѡҶΪߣΪǸʱҶС
תۼ䣬Ѿɳһһˣ磬һһˣ
Ҷɳٶ̫ˣн⿪һӡ¾ĸҶĽŲˡ
ɽӡɽӴӡɱɢ֡
Ҷ֮Ŵ֮ͬʱʹãһһֵʩչѣѺݺύ
һʱȥˣҶһ̷ŸԭһЩԴ
ҲҶ˰ӣνܾˡ
򵽺ϵϢԽԽϡʵҲ½Ѿڵʵˡ
ҶҲܣĵĵǲ̫֮࣬ȴأڵ֮Ҳš
𡭡
Ҷһ̥Իɫ̥սһ㣬Ͼսס
ͬʱҲſˣҶ԰壬Խɫ̥ޱȼѵĽڵɱˡ
ﵹµһ̣Ҷ̥Ҳʧˣ»ص̥ӰѾЩģˣɼҲǷǳصġ
ͨʿҪĶ࣬һĻû˽ǡ
һΣڱҶɱ֮󣬲ûɢؼ䣬һֻűɱ״̬
ȡһЩʯҶ͵˹ˣָһ´֮֮
Ҳҿ֮ǰԪغԪһ֮䣬ԣ֮ĻָǺаյġ
ָҶŰǼ롣
⣬˶ˣ
ǿ൱ڵﰡ
ȻҶɱˣ
̫ˣȻܳˡ
ѹһ֮ʮߣսȷܹһԺϽʦп
Ȼߣ֪ΣѵΪսʤһ൱ڵܺɨ𣿡
λϽʦǷǳȴϵҶֻɳһʦѰ
ʱҶͰѾ뵽




1664 µ
һƬžûˣ׵Щֲ
ԶԶأҶͿڵƽƺһϵļ̨ģĶҲ֪ˣȻûбսٵҲûб绯
һ·޾գҶͰǺܿϵʯ̨
ಣ
Ȳȥʯ̨о
ƣƺһرƫиƣ˿̼ʯ̨ҲһЩµƣȻҪоһΪһƵ֪ʶ
һϵļ̨֪Ǽʲôġ
ҶҲȥԿһ£ϵļ̨һ壬ɺüʯͷƴնɵġ
ƴյļ̨ϲ̻йһƣͬʱƵİƺиɺ˵ѪЩڡ
ѵѪ
ҶüͷѪĻ̨¾ͷǳѰˡ
˰죬ҲûпϾҵרƲ̫˽⣬ļֻѰеƣּ̨ʽȫǷţ༰
ʦԴ˼̨ϣӶ˫ڷŹ⣬ƺջӡ
ϰףоʲôûУҶʵ
ƺһַǳϵƣӦһֻۣҪ۾ʹˣϧڻŪ۾ʲôطһоһ߶š
иŵķûУҶʵ
˿̣վھǲԶƺһ״ƽĵطֻûע⵽ˡ
УҲ²طǼƵĹؼڡ
˵ţ̧ͷ׼ָҶʱͻȻʧеá
ţ
ҶһûиоʲôطףΪڴС֡
Ȼ
ʱָеһѪõе롣
䣡
̨âţһȵϢϯ̨
һĹҶͻȻԼںգͻȻһۣһԭǰҧĽҲ˽
ô£ǽᱻ͵ʲôط
֮޷ڣҶķʽѯʵ
֪
ǵ϶ĴҲκˣôŬûаӦ
ǽϵľʹǻĽϵĻҶˡ
ˣ
ǼǸϵļ̨
ҶͻȻʧڼ̨ϵһɲǣĵԺʦȫĿһĻʱ
Ҳ֪Ȼһ̨ǽҶͶ˵ĻԺϲǰҪˣǸôش
ţȥԺ档һϽʦ˵
֪²ܿģҲ֪ϵļ̨յĿʲôط
ãǼҲȥܷ񿴳
ͨƵϽʦԸµĽϵļ̨ɳ۹ȥ
ʲôҶˣ
ɮܽӵʱ˶ɵˣôҲû뵽Ҷжˡ
ǵģʱҲ֪һϵļֻ̨ڼ̨߶Ƭ̣ͻȻʧˡ
Ͻʦʱɮһһʮϸһ飬ʵԺǸô죿
ȥ̨ܷƶϳ͵ʲôطȥˡ
ɮļǵĸаǧ͵޷ѰҶ
ϲɲǸý֪ԼĵӸŪ˵Ļ֪ϲʲô
οҶδϣǷʲô⣬ԺΪ˶
ΣԺе
ɮܸϵ̨ʱ򣬼Ͻʦüͷоţƺͷ
ôˣ̨֪մĵص𣿡ɮܸϵطļǵʵ
֪
ͨƵϽʦ׷ҡͷɮһһӳȥ
ܷ֪͵ľʹŷ򣿡ɮܲʵؼ׷ʵ
λϽʦҡͷһϽʦ׳ŵ˵Ժ̨ƺõϵԭʼƣ޷ƽ⡣
ϵԭʼƣ
ɮʱˣ⻹ô飿ϵԭʼƹ֪ܴ͵ʲôطȥ
գɮͻȻ뵽ϻ̨֪ᴫ͵ʲôط˲ڱչأæȥѯˡ
֪Ҷ˹ϼ̨ˣҲһЦ˵ҵǰ¸ˣ̨ǵΪ˵ֶģΨеѪҺܼ
ܻ𣿡
ɮĵҶزĻϲԲưոݵġ
ѡ
ϻҡͷ̾Ҳ˵ģڵڰңʱǿ̨߽սƽǿ֮У̨ȴǵ͵ģǰӦ̨ܹͬǿѾٵ˰ɣ
ܷ͹ȥѰһأ
ɮƺһ˿ϣ
ֻҪ̨ãǿЯĲϺ;ͨƵĴʦ׷Ҷ͵򣬶췵صĴ̨
Ѿˡ
ϵǸ̨Ѿˣԭ޷ģҶļ̨ǲɸƵģֻܹԼҵ·
ϵĻɮܰûг֪ããУҪ׼ȷҵǲܵġ
ҶڵʵܷǿǸδ֪
Ҷϣ㸣ܹȻع顭
ɮһ߰һͬʱϢ֪ͨԺϲסġ

ɮΪҶͶͬʱҶͰǴ׹һС͵Ĵ̨ϣâһٴοʼա
һɵḶ́תͣҶ׹һ˲䣬ޱߵĺڰԶǹ⣬ɵ
ѵѾ뿪Ǹ𣿡
ҶӿһֲԤС
һΰǳûгĬĬغһյĹ̡
߰˴֮ڽһŻϣ˿Ҳ֪ʲôʱ䣬Ұһ۱ܹԶȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ˽ԼλãһƲļ̨ʽ֮ǰϵļ̨̫ࡣ
գǿճ״ˣǸ翴ǿȫͬˣ췱УҪҵǸ꼸ǲܵġ
̨Ѿȫˣ޷ԭ·أЩ̨ǵͣȥʱͲá
˺ܾýµĲƼ̨˵
Ǿʲôط
ҶĵģʣѾ뿪Ǹ磬Ϊֹ֪Լʲôط


1665 
һưܵ
ǱѪˮȾʺɫӲݼţһƬտǴһЩ޴ʯȥһĹ
ؼ߰һƬĻƻŵĺӿԤС
֮ǰǾ߰˸Сʹ̨ǵȷǸ磬˵ǿųˡ
һأƬĴϲϵıš
ҶҲ뾡ŪԼĻҲʼĿĵܹõһЩõϢ
ǡ
Ҷ͵һ飬ǰԶͷǾڻӲĴϡ
ŰͷǺǳƣȴԲͷǣпġ
ΪͷǾȻֳɫһ㣬Ҳ֪ڶˣʼûз绯ɼ̶̳ȡ
໡
Ҷ׼ͷǼʱ򣬶ͻȻǵĺţһ㣬̵̻ĵҶСӿʲôˣ
ţ
ҶһһӣͷУڵĵطȥ
ֻҪһﲻΣվУеʱ䡣
ûҶͿΧһʯȦӣǿʯҲɫ·ѪһɢɭȻɱ
ʯ֣ϵ֣Ҳϵá
Ҷֱӽʯһ棬һص˵
Ƶǿʯһ棬ҶĿ޴Ĺֿʯϣÿֶ׸ߣԾ磬ŭɡ
Ҷϸ˰죬ֵڶֺõǸַǳӽһȴһ㣬ʵԱϡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀϵشߴٵϳʲô
Ҷҡҡͷ̫ˣֻϳһӦǹ֣һʵ޷ϣ̫ԶˣѾ˺ܴı仯
ģʯͷǸģ
ǴצһĽǶȣӺףһֹһ䡣
ҶǺߣûĵأǹϵĹţǴֹġ
˵Ҳʡı⡣
ѼӲͣԹҶû˵
أأ
ʱҶͻȻһХһԶ
ҲķȥƺЩĲֻǲûб¶ѡ
Ҷһʱ̫ˣһҶܹµĵ뷨
ʱҶԼҲһѹֺͿֻŵĸоƺХԤʾĳֲֿĹ١
Х̶ܿԽԽ죬ʱҶҲʲôɵġ
ԶŨīĺϯضǿܹͨ˴˿
Ϣ
ҶͷϢ̫ϤˣʱնɱЩϾӵŨϢ
ŨϢ֮⣬ųɱźһķ籩о
죬ǲǱ͵ϳ˰ɣôŨϢ
ǲ죬İëըˣһս׼ӡ
ϣ
ҶҲһ˸ŵâĳǹ䱸ܻʲôǿ
Ȼ
ŭһĺھʯ֮ͣסˣ·ʲôεĽһ
ʱҶŷ֣ʯϵϵĴַ˳ɫĹâЩâ˺ǰ
ѵ⻹һ鱦
ڲ֮󣬰ǵĹһҲ˲ϺˣһҪʯߡ
Ȼ
ֱ۵ÿ°ĭʯԾ̩ɽ˿
׷ˣʯȻܣԲʲô鱦ֻϵƺ޾ӢĲִܷӳǲܽߵġҶȰ
ͲаһҪ߲ɡ
ǾˣϢƬ̣ʼھʯΧĵϿ̻ƣƵߡ
æ˴죬ڽƿ̻ϣ־Ĵһ𣡡
ƷҵĹâʯסˣƺܹߡ
һӹȥˣƵĹâԽԽ󳹵ʧˣʯ·ûܵӰһԾӡ
ٿϵƣѾȫʧˣ·εĨȥһ
̰ģԣɵ˰ɣ
ҶûʲôֶΣʹɣܲʯ
ģһʯһ򰡣ôôأǲĵСһ䡣
Ȼ˵ûٶʯϾ
ҲԼȫֶΣҲκβʯֺ
˰죬ǺҲԶȥˣҶͰھʯϣĥôȥ
ʣһŻǣ˵Ԫˣǳϡͨ˸޷Ļ档
ҶҲҪʱʱ̿Уֻ£˵ˣ涼⡣
ԭ·ǲˣǼ̨Ӧǵ͵ģѾĥ͸ˣвϵĻҲ̳ܿľʹ̨޷ҵ̻ĲϵġǴͷɥ˵
ԼûӣôҲһƵʦ֣ȻĴ͵һʺĵط
~
ʱľʯٴηҵѪ⣬һӽ档
ҶֻǰһƬѪһ㣬ٴѹʱ򣬺Ȼߴɱ
ʶؿ˿ߵİǣҲ۵ãȻûн㣬ƺҲ뵽˻þС
ҹŲ棡
Ҷһŭ𣬶ŭʿһ˺ˣѪһ㡣
ڴսʿڷǵĶ־һۼ׵īɫɫٵɫɫɫɫ
۲Ƭ̣Ҷ㷢ʵȼĻ֣īɫ൱ͨ۷ѣʵǿУҲһ֡
ɫۼ׵൱ˣǳǿɫۼף൱ڵ۷塣
ϣУڴսǳǿ󣬶ڴսлܹϢǿԼʵˡ
ڴսвΪߵȵʵҲȻ
ʿԼѪ׳һ׳ս衣
ɽ촷ۣɣϾ޴ѷݺύÿһ߳ƬʿЩʿʱɢϢȴֳΪǵֺͲҩ
Ҷ˫ڵѪս̫ˣѪȼգ޲̳֣Լһ
Ȼ
һȭһʱȭͷȴд˹ȥûиκ˺
ʱŽ侲ǰһвǹȥģֻһͣ޷УⳡսյĽôҡ




1666 ۳
Ҷ֪ǰĻþôֵģ·ڤڤ⡣
ϵһ̣һƺѾעˣҪһС
ʣþзĴսŵϣҲΪһսŵһǳױӡ
ҵĴսÿһݣѪȾգŭأȻȴȻ޷תս֡
Ｘ㳲ܶǿԶԶǿ󣬼ǾʥǿҲһеС
λ׼ۼǿһ֮ɽӳɻңеǿ߲ƴɱúɽȾѪڱ顣
ݽߣɽΪƽأһսҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ҶĲǱɽһǶѣطĲҾżʡ
үү㲻Ҳ
۵ѪᣬһСŮſһ뷢԰׵ߵʬޣϵҡѾӲ塣

Ҷؽҧָ״ĵƤҲ˿ʹ˫ŭĻ档
ҹŲ棡
ҶٴĿںţһʿԱ̥Ķͬھ
ʿķʽɱ꣬ĥϣ
һҵĴսʿ䣬ȴɱʤɱ
ղѿһȺȺ߳뵽սУʿȻֿκιѲڡ
һֻɫĴ£սﻹʿȫֻĨɱ˸ɾ
ʱһֻɫĴҲƿգ޾Զĵطɱɫֶһơ
Ҷ㱻ˣǾƼڻþʵ·ͷһ
ף徹Ȼһλۣ
ɫֵ˳ˣһʮ֧ɫƬҲһ쵶һ㡣
ۼ
Ҷ˲жϳʵΪ̫жˣѾԶԶ׼ۡ
ҶһоȻдۼǿߣⳡսбҪȥ
ʱǸɫ˫âҶɨȻ˸͵ң
סһ˲䣬ҶѪˣʹ̫֮ԶˣһҲܲˡ
ʱҶѪҺˣǿѹ֮£̥һŭ𣬰ԶתϢľʹ֮ľ弱ת
ˣ
Ҷһ㵭Ľ⣬Ȼס⣬ѣȴ֪ı۾ûбע⵽
ˢ
âһһɫӰĶ棬ĬĬغǴۼš
ڽɫӰֵһ̣ɫҲٹעҶȫ䱸ĺǸɫӰš
šۣ
ҶһϳɫӰݣΪϴ·ǳ֮ͨ⣬Ψһһĵطͷϴžڣʶеľһģһ
ǵ۱ܳȫһģǷƷܣΪƷûƷơ
Ϊƾһ˾赲ĽŲ𣿲ܵģ಻϶ѣȻ⣡
ɫƺǳţԾ۵ʱҲû˿⡣
ɱ¾ΪΪݣעҪġ
۵Ļ࣬ȴз
ھ۳ֵһ̣Ҷʶеľƺһ£ٴγ
𶯷ǳСҶǲԼĴѣѾ˳˯κθӦ
ǾԿɣҪǻҪ塣
ɫϳ֣ɫֻ쵶նţ۵Ĳնȥ
ۻâţƽƽһȭлΪɫ쵶ײһ
ձˣ磬·һжع鵽ԭ㣬һ֮𶯡
漴˿ԷȥսʼɽʧˣԪҲոɾ
˵ĴսЩķѣʿһսʧˡ
ս˲ʱ䣬ͱˣȫޣرѪȾ˳ɫ͸ųɱ
գһֱǿȥһſǳɵС֡
ǿвϱ̻һ貵Ĺâ򱻴ʱĹâ
ΧƵǿźǶðһ
Ҳ֮ǰҶǷǳϡٵҪԭ
򶼱ˣԭĹɱңֻ·䣬ڶƫԭĹӡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶŴӻþ˳þòƽ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻڻþпʮصľۣȻֻǻþҲܹܵ۵ϵ
ǰҶоԼľһڿһɽ
ۣȻǿ󣡡
Ҳӻþѹһ̾
ڳ֮׷ߣȻߺųӽ۵׼ۣϾ׼ۡ
ھϣܵϲܵƣһ׾ͬԨ֮
ϧˣʿսˣǵסĽŲ¾ҲѱˣҶҲ˸̾
֪Ǹʲô𣿡
ûûε֣̬ܿҶʵ
Ҷҡҡͷδκ˵ֻ֪ǸΪ򣬵ں嫵ǿУǿ򾿾ʲô治֪
˵ڵǿнɹǡǵ
ɣ⵹ǸŹֵ֡
Ҷһ㶣漴뵽·ǿŹϿԲŽһְɡ
ǲ֪ҶʲôԹԵ˵ʱ߶һϢҲ֪Ǽ٣˵ڵǿĽٹɣսΪ򣬾Ϊսбѵģԭ½һ塣
ɡ𣿡
ҶЩɡ
Ϊ־磬ڵɣȴϵɣۣ֮Ͷܻһ򣬵ղҲֻ׷Ѱɵ
ԣЩǸٹɣȴֲȫţȻֻ˵ûκ֤
˺ܶйɹϵ£յĽǲȷǷϳֹ
ǻ˵һҲģ˵սУһɵıױˣվϡ
кܶ۶Ѱҹ˵еıףƬҲ֤Ĵڡ
ûκջ˵ҵˣȴû˵йǼ׵Ĵ˵ҲҪʧˡ
ǼǰŻĹѰţϣܹҵȥϣǿɲ뱻Զû˿ϡ
ʱҶĲϢԴͷϢƺǴɢġ
Īһħߣ
Ҷһȥ̽һ£ΪϢûκӰ졣
ȻҲƤĸţȻûҶǹʣȴһ鱦ܹϢӰ졣
ΪһСϢ






1667 ۱Ƭ
˵ϣûɽûкǴݺύ׵Ĺ֡
ѪɫĴرӲɢŨҵɷͻⲻϢ
һ֮أﶼһصĵսˡ
ǾԴסŹǣսǿеĻŹѱˡ
ʱҶѾ֪ǿʯһʲôˡ
ʣ֣ҹŲ棬ǽҹţϧȫˡ
ԭԪӯɽ󴨶಻ʤʿǴﵽ۷塣
Ȼһڰңǳ׻ˣɹϺǿʿҲսƬĴϡ
̽ŻʱҶʱܹһЩĺǣѾȫ绯ˣ΢ͻһѹǷۣ紵ɢ
ҲһЩݹԾɷŹ󣬿ɼݹǵǰΪһﵽһ˼ĸ߶ȡ
ѰʿĺĻоԲܱôʱ࣬ЩԾвԹԣҲǾʥǿߡ
ƣʱ䲢ûȫĥŹĴս֮µĲɱϢ
ѰʱҶĲϢԴͷϵϢƺǴطɢȥġ
Īǻиŵ
һ߸ҶһֹȻϢκĻһߵŨϢ£֪ǿʲô̶ȡ
ĻҶҲЩģӸղŻþе龰Ѿ֪ǿжôĿֲ
һŵԲǶ֡
ûеĻôŨϢһ̥粻Ļ»ɴ
ϢԼκ˺ҶӲͷƤϢԴͷ̽
ëȻȴˣȫ߶ԼСϽɫϷϢϢȫ⡣
ǰҶ֣ǰ纣һبǰĺ
˿̣ҶϢɵľԽʹ֮ɵľ彻ӳѭϵתγһ̫״
𣬲ӯ̥ϿתƵؿλḁ̃ĸΧǰַγɵİ硣
ţ
кҶͻȻüͷԼĸ֪Ȼһӱ˺ֻܸ֪ܶ࣬ʮ׵ķΧɲǸϢ
˳ȥйŹ֡
ҶϺˣĻʮΣա
Ǹǡಡһԭ·˻أҶëȻܾʲôδ֪Σա
ȻʮԾɻڻķΧ֮ڣǱķ֣Լʧˡ
ڻУҶҲܹǧ֮ڵľԶͿˡ
Ǻ࣬۱ͷǳټЩ⿪һطӡΪȻǣʵҶ¡
ˣ·ˡǵ
˵Ҳ֪·ˣϣܹķΧɣҶ䵽˼㣬û뵽̽ŵȻᷢ顣
飡
˵䣬һֻɫĴͻأĳ֣ݺݵڰǵϣһӽ÷˸ͷˤûͷ
˭һͷ͵ϮҳһµӵĴ鿴
ҶĿ࣬Լ۾оͷƤ飡
಻ԶһŻɫƬƬŹͷɿݵľһ㡣
˻
ǵһ߳ŭһȥȻ͵ϮһɹˣĶ飿
ˣ
ͷϽɫС˲䱩ǣһϽɫĴһֱӽǸɫۼ׵ʬ档
һ𣬴зһĲҺ㳹׳
ǽԾɻһСһһٻҡ
ôỹţȫɱ𣿡Ҷзë
ҡҡͷѾˣ
ǲһʲôֱ𣿡
ҶƲ죬νϢûκ𣬵ȴǿ
Ȼзֱˣ
ǱҶһ£˵ⶫûκʶֻʣɱ¾ıܣебƼĲȴֲȫǣⶫĲϢγɵ࣬ﻹкܴġ
˰ǵĽͣҶ֪ԼһϳŨҵϢǲĲϢ֮Ĺ
߰ɣܾлʲôǿĶڰпǡûٱҶǽļǰȥ
ৣ
һͻأĴӻɱɫ쵶һҶնȥŨϢ
ϣ
Ҷȭӭɫȭͷ֮ݺݵĺĳײһ𣬴Ƭ׷ɡ
໡
ҽһȴһˣ˫צһ㣬ĺҶؿںʺץȥ

Ҷһصۺ֮ȫȭֱӺؿڡ
飡
˲ըˣŨ֮˫צҲץҶϣ·ϸʴָȴû˵
ȻҶľ粻ڶѣǿȴѾǼǿˣܹƵġ
ҶͰһ·ǰﲻĲϢɵĹϮǡ
ҶǿսǰЩȫֱӴˡ
ڼ䣬ҲչϽɫСأһֱսȥһ㻯Ϊ˽ٻҡ
СΪģ޾ױƣֲмɣȻĿǡ
˴СʮսҶͰնɱǿﲻĲֱӽĨˡ
ڣϢԴͷ
ԶԶأҶͿڸӲĴϾһĽϢǴɢġ
ʥ𣿡
ҵģ
һԾһŴ˲ڶһ㣬ֲҪʥߡ
ʥͺڰɽͬɲģ޸ڣҶȻֻ̰ԵİǸȥˣжȵ컹ѡ
ৣ
һӣҶֱӵڰǰ棬ͬʱɫĴֽץס˰ǵͣ߬ſ
ء
ǲ޵УǿʥѾҶС
ǿΪʥҵģ
ڱſһ˲䣬ǱҶʥһ־ڱصõӡ
йŹ֣ⲻһѰʥ𣬺ܿĳ۱飡Ҷ𾪡
ҵȻ֪ǵ۱飬һпǸܹ;۴սĴۼɫı顣
һҲûܴҶֻ㬵˵




1668 ѡ
ŨϢʥĽ۱ȫпܵġ
ʥ𲢷ȻĽڼĻ²ܲνϡС
˵ʥϢҺ֮ٹ̻Ȼھγɡ
ȫһļγʥ𣬵ȴһȻܹγɣмһ˿γɡ
˵ʥ̫𣬺ڰɽҪ
νҲԵģٺ˻ֽԼıһ˸Ԧˡ
ʥɢ⣬״ԵĶϲ磬ȻǱġ
ʥĵ۱ǿʲôܹ۱飿
ҶԺ˲˾ΰӰҲֻ۱ɣ
ʱ򣬵۱飬ʥȻɭâֱҶ˫ۡ

ҶһҽУֻûһ䣬·ӲһϢʴ塣
оһɫĹռʶǱóѣҶʶ˲䱻Ĩɱ
~
ǧһΣ֮ʣҶŬתɫ̥ŭ
ţʮѨе̬Ӱ˲ʵʮ̥һŭ
ɫĹò
Һ⣬ȥˣɫĹоȻʶ
ʲôҹҵ塣Ҷŭ
Ȼ
޼£ɫĹͻҶʶ뵽ʶ֮С
ৣ
һ̡
ʶϿվƯŵľȻһâһӽɫĹŰΧˡ
ۣ
ɫֻüһУ㳹ױĨɱˣ
ھǰû˿Ա֮Ѿ˯
Ҷһ亹ʣʶп;۽ֹһƲл꣬ĵ۱Ĳ
оʶĻξΣˡ
ΣѾҶҲƽһʶԼҲһأʶеľ֮⣬ʮѨе̥ӰҲǶһ޶ġ
ѹ֮ҶǿȥֻһѾ˳˰֮⣬һ䱸ۿȻˡ
ɣѾûΣˡҶк
㻹ҶС𣿻Ѿණˣһ˫۾âһʱ׼·ӡ
Ҷƺһôϣұı˵Ļϻô
Ȼǣ
εЦЦСĴչ´Ҷܾá
㿴𣿡Ҷʵ
ղǶϢǳǿԶԶܳܵķΧΪʲôûб᣿Ͼʲô£ǶȥĶˣһ˺ü⡣
Ҷһ޹ĵҲ֪⣬ʺɣǶɱˡ
ɱˣ
ǳԾŴͣ۾ɵղɫŵĿֲϢˣҶھȻݶûðͱɱˣҲ̫˼ˣ
ʥ𲻹ô˵ǵ۱飬Ȼ٣϶Ǽѵõģֻǲ֪ڻ᲻ųϢɽ
ҶûоԵİգҲһԣһܹɹأ
͹ŵ۵ĵ۱һսܵشܹʥеԵĻָܹһЩ
뵽Ҷһ߶ȥеʥе
һðյĳԡںǸۼսʱ϶˾ڣߵϢȻͬܲܳɹҲûаա
ҶԤϵǣ߶ȥʥеʱ򣬾ûпܣյ൱ס
ԴԴϵգʥԽԽϢҲԽԽˡ
飡
ʱҶеʥȻѿһȫޣȫ˸ɾ
ԭ
һĻ˲ǵֲϢΪʲôҶ֮ݶûðͱϢˣ϶Ǿ֡
֪Ҷе۱ǶôֲҪҶҪǵء
Ϊ۱ھˣɱһƲûġ
ҶͰͻȻϵϢϡ˺ܶ࣬ѾǲʲôӰˡ
ΪˣǱ㽫ϽСһһǼ̽Żϣܹ֡
ȻܹѰһĴ̨ȥãã˵ζɲܡ
ϵĻӣ쫷粻ʱĳ֣ܹɽݻ٣ҶֵҲ
ϵǺĹǷۣһ̤ϾͻݵȴһЩŸɾĲ鱦ʥڹǷ֮С
һһǻµʱŽԭȻһƬŻȫ̽һ顣
֮ǰҶõǿʥһЩ֮⣬ʥʥѾʱʴʧˡ
ǵ۱κμ̲ݵĶֲʱʴջΪ
ǻزȥˣ
һһֻصǿҹֵľʯԣҶ̾˿˵
ڣѡ񣬵һԶŻġʺϣȴԺ취بĳʹǣڶðս֮УѰһع·ֶмΣԡ
ϵȴ֪ʲôʱƲǵʲôطǹܹĳʹ̨ʱ򣬿Ѿֻʣһͷˣû׼ͷûˡ
֮Ѱһع·ײˣããǿУƣҪѰҵɹǣ֮һĻʶûУܻܿԶããˣֱľΪǿеĸʬ
ͻȻһ˵
Ҷ֪ǲΣ˵Ķģ·ǻãȫƱд󽱵ĸʡ
Ѿȫˣûκٹǧ꣬¾ȫһӡ
ѵѡŵϵȴðս֮Ѱһȥ·ǼΣյġ
ȥ򣡡
Ҷ˼ãջǾ֮УȥһҲʺϵǿ
ããǿ֮Уܶȡ̫ź
ҪǣҶãȵԺǲʵġ
Ժ֪Ǹ̨ǸԺĳʹ̨϶עġ
Ǹ̨ûзκξʾĶ˵ԺҲ̨֪ͨããġ
ڲΪ̫û
ռͨķӡҪӹ̣һǿȻȴǲܳ
һǷ˿ռͨôΣˡ
ңĸϻûҵƾۻ굤ĲҲûռȫ
֮⣬µԴ֮ʧˣҲû¶档
Ҷʼռųµû
ǸһڵִԶԪѷĻ»۷壬ǰ벽Ϊ벽ԪǿߣȻǲ˵ġ
µôһֱǱ٣躹ޣѡ̣ȴʵʱ




1669 
֮ҶͰ̨ɣ뿪Ż򣬽뵽ãã֮С
ڰУǳ㣬һſžӨʯǶںĻϡ
ҶͰȻУããȴȻ·ûжһǿ̫ˡ
ˣ
һɱ֣ҶͰɱɽһ㣬ᴩǿգֲϢҶëȻ
ৣ
ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣҶ׷ǲʩչ£ŰǱܿɱϮɱһ亹
⿴ƽǿҲ̺ŸΣգвп䣬ΪƮǿеʬ塣
Ҷһ㵭Ľ⣬ܹк˵ͨˡ
ǵҲɢɫĹâҶһǿĿĵķС
ҪڶѰҵɹǼǲܵģҪѰҵһĹǶѡ
ããУĻŵûκûˮûɭֺͲԭЩɽǱ޴ʯײġ
ոսǿղãҶ͸оǿĹ֮Ǹ֮γɵĶܹ˺ѣҶı嶼ѵֿ
ǵʺҶ£ҲǷǳӲӲ˼ι֮ҲЩԲˡ
ʱǧ֮ͬʱɱתۼǾͻҷʬ嶼ʣ¡
Σʱ̣ҶһѾסǵëһ˾ڵռ֮С
ˣ
ǿȻһɫڣɢŵâȫ֮赲⣬ǿĹ֮κβ˾ڷֺ

ЩµӣҶʱռĻˣǿֲķ˲ܽɷɻҡ
ռУҶܹ֪Σȴ޷߶ããзУֻܸţȴʧ
ռȻôŵǿˣһһЩԪԹǻظһ
ռУҶռ˺ܶҩҩҩһЩʯ֧ããʮ겻⡣
޾ȻĵطûǳһĿݼİãã棬ûһϢ
µţɶͷһıƴޱߵĺڰһУ棬û
Ҫ˵࣬һǳҲ糾һ΢СĺУһж΢ġ
ʱ·ֹһռУʱٱʱٲһʮࡣ
ããиʧȥʱĸ
ҶҴռеԪΪָĸֻܿţһעռǿգһ߻Ļָ
Ҳ֪Ҳããл˺ܾúܾãÿһ˿ԪģҲûҸط˯ȥˡ
˯Уڻֱָ۷״̬Ϊֹ
мüΣѯһҶõĻشǹԾŰ޷߳ȥ
ҪԿܷ߶ڣǼԦڶУȥʲôʱǸͷǽ
ѾԹˣûãڻڳ˯УƾԼѴ߶СҶҡҡͷҲǳΡ
ǲ㷽԰һƬ߶طڴ㣬ȨˣҽɣȥҲҪˡ
˵üѿһҶʶС
һƪ辶κһķһǺҶĿرֻҲȫֻǲȱ
Ҷȫ򣬲ڿرܳ˲ѾʧͿرһ
ܿ죬Ҷ㽫ƪڻͨˣԼһЩܳĶ
ˣ
Ҷȫʩչ;һЩϵܹ֪ڵÿһλ
ৣ
Ҷȫ߶£ڶˣƹİΧһһԶȥ
ɹˣ
Ҷϲûб̫ϣû뵽һԾȻĳɹˡ
ƿռһٷУں嫵ԾԵãϵһֻţһ
Ĺ̫ǿҶ׳ԳȥˣֻռвٿžڷС
ͻȻ־ڵķٶʱʱʱ·ֹһκ֮ľ붼ûκθı䡣
ǿʱȴͬʯԽʱͿռĳӡ
ʱˣһĺһֺܿ죬ɲ㣬羭һ͡
̫ˣɱʥ׼һʿĻд
գҶоǾǧ꣬ԼҪɻʯˣޱ޾ĺڰžˡ
ǻиڸ˵ƣҶԼѼֵҵع鵽·ڰˡ
䣡
ڽһŵϣͣ
ҶͰ߳ռ䣬̽һһڵʯĴڣƷʺܲҲ٣һͨĵͨķѵ̫޴󣬵òʧ
ֵǸҶһЩϣǿȫŵ򣬻һЩĿʣʯĴڡ
ããѰҵһЩƾۻ굤ĲϣȻ֪ǲܵģϣãǲԸ
Ѱһ֮ҶͰٴ̣ԦžǿС
˵к㣬ʵˣĿĵˣϣܹҵɹǡ
ҶͲ֪ããɹǾʲôģǺʣһǣϢŨֻҪٽС
Ҷ֤˵ֻҪܹɹǣϳΪʱǿдսһ˼Ĵڡ
֮Ի䣬ҲǳսźܴĹϵԣɹе껹һЩ˽ġ
ǽһſŵһЩҲȷڵһЩƷʲʯάǵճ衣
ռдͱԵøɸɾͷǸˡ
ھڵı£ǲûʲôΣգֻҲûκĶƬûС
ããУΨбڰɫ
˺Ƕ÷ĿĵǿƯʲôʱǸͷ
ףǰǿϺϢѵǵļЧˣĵһĹǣ
һ죬ҶվɼԦžĿĵƯţָǰһ򾪽⼤
ûһǣããĻڣҶҲѡ
ں嫵ôãڼĶܲǼ
ı䷽̽򣬻ܹõȥϣǼֽС
˵ҶѾˣ˾ڵķ򣬱ǿɢϢĹǶȥ




1670 ɷ
ããҲ֪ãڼһ飬Ҷã˰֮⣬ûκܸܵ
һ־֮ĿϲΪûϣˣû뵽ͻȻ·ת
ڸͲںϾûʿû඼νֻҪǾ㹻ˡ
ˣ
ܹɫǰϵıҶи⼤
̫лһˮɫ򣬶һɫ˵ϵĺ󣬵̵ȴܴ󣬴طɫֲ
ˣ
Ҷڼ֮Ҳڽţͬʱϵڵķúǲ
䣡
ڷ·һʲôһٶȻ
ҶҲһͰһ߳ռ䣬ƾȥ
ʱҶͻȻӦһϤϢǸǹвס
֮ؾԺ֮ؾ
Ǹо֮ؾϢҶ֮ؾһ꣬ǴؾеʱôҲû뵽֮ؾȻûɹϣһˡ
Ȼٵ֮ؾڵǾͺðˣ֮ͨؾеĴȫԻصԺȥ
һ̣Ҷ鼤ǸǼУǾҸˮ
ԭѾκϣˣû뵽оȻٵ֮ؾڵˡ
ҶͰϽʱ֮ؾ糣һЩһ֮ؾʱʿŬš
ԺĽʦϤָǵһЩϹµĵúȵȡ
˭Ҳûע⵽ؾĶǵƬأǸ˵ǰɽ˵ĶȻĳֱ仯

ͻȻ䣬ҡضɽмѿˣһɽ⣬ֱӻ֮ؾϣңԶʡ
ţ
ɲǼ䣬ҶоһּΣգһֱӺͰٴλصռжܡ
ǵ˲佫ˣ󷢳ǿеĺڶһ㣬ǿнˡ
ҶȻܹ֪緢һУȴ֪ôֹʹչֶҲ޷ı˿
ǹǿȣҶ̫Сˣ۵ݺ
ڵ֪޷ǿʱҶֻöˣֻ

ͬʱ֮ؾȻ
֮ؾƽô꣬ûзκ䣬ͻȻ飬֮ؾеЩԺʦǾʧ롣
Ϣܿ㴫֮ؾһЩӱ̽룬ԺԺϲҲڵһʱõϢ
֮ؾԺܵڣ֮أԲκʧ
ڵõϢĵһʱ䣬ϲ֮ؾС
ɽ֮ؾеĽأǽеĽأΪ׼Ҳ̽
˿̣ﾹȻ״٣
Ҷڵ֮ؾбһƼ̨ͶˣΪˣɮܷ
ϴĻϲһŭ֮½ԺƷˡ
ǶԶҪð̽һûʲôûеĻãǷҲõκʧ
ϲʦǲɢˣԼһǸɽȥÿһߵøСġ
ڷ⴦ؾʱǽأԺȺɳüλʵǿĽʦ̽ɽȴţ뺣һѶҲûд
ڽʧ˼ʦ֮ԺڽﻮΪ˾ԵĽأϽκ˽ӽ
䣡
ռһҵ𶯣һ㣬ƽҶ֪̽鿴һԼĻȻԼѾɽ֮ˣһƬƴɽС
Ը֪һ£Ҷ֣ɽппռ䷨ɽӣγһƬ嫵Ŀռ䡣
Ƭ嫵ĿռгſֲɱϢȻһ޴ɱ
Ҷ벽̽ռ⣬Ҫ̽һɱ󾿾ж
ı弸ʥӲޱȣѰɱκβ׷ǲֹھµļٲԿ˻
ȻӸո̽ɱʱǧɱȻһӺˡ

Ҷҽһ˻תѪⱻѪѪ
ںķѵһЩԴ֮ҶϣȴҲһ亹ҿûнԴ̽ȥʶʣ£൱ס
ı岻ͦӲô
ǲаһֻצ̽ռ⣬漴Һһ˻ʱֻצѾˡ
ģʲôɱôôǿ󣿡
һֻצ֮ѡ
ԼƵʦ֣ԸɱҲоܹ˵ԲѰɱ
Ǵۼɱ󣬶Ӧòȱɱ󣬷ղžСˣĴۼɱνɱ񣬷𡣡
һǻعζ϶˵
ôƽ𣿡
ҶʵֻˣΪƵϣԶԶʦ
Ȼ˭ݺ£ûܵסĽŲǴ۵ɱֻҪʱ䣬Ҳƽ⣡
ǾͿ㣬ҿɲ뵽֮ؾռСҶ˵
ףһ˵ˣ˵֮ؾеĻôпܻʲôطǿҶʵ
ţ
Ҷһ㶣˼Ƭ̣һҪڣ˵ûҲ뵽ˣӦɷص桪ҶǸ
ҶͷҲ뵽һ㣬νɷأδɣпһλۡ
ǵĴֲ²ȫȷɷеȷһλֻۣǲ֪һλ
Ҳֻд۵ĵ۷زпܽ۱յ棬ǾۣӦ֪ˡ
ʼɣܷȥͿˡҶ˵
˵ʵڵģҶȫŵù׵ļһû취㲻ҲýѺϣֻһܿ׵㡣
漰СҲضˣͨҶĸ֪ɱÿһƶġ
һһоϵķʽ͸ȥ൱ʱ䡣
ȫ£󣬽ɱĲˣֱһŲ϶ļƷʯָһ
ôˣҶʵ
ѾĲˣһԣͰҸ˵ķλһ˿ҲܴɱͲκ˺ĵߥҶ
Լôȥԣ̽·óģӦ˽ôߣȥһ԰ɡ
Ҷͷҡ˹ģʵЩŲ׵ļһ




1671 ع
ղţ̽Ӿͱɱˡ˵ÿ죬ѱɱĨɱˡ
ǵȷܸʱҲףֻԼȥ̽·ûġ
ȷ˵һԼСЦ
Ǵۼɱ󣬼׼ۣҴĻҲпܱɱ֮Уձ
Ҷ󣬰ڨڨЦЦͷоɱĹɣҳһȫ·
Ҷһ̱һ١
ƽȥĻͱҡ
ҶɫƣǸϽ˵һ䣬ŵϵķ·
ҶһƣҪõĻ벻һнһﱩһ٣
ɱ󰡣
ֹ˰죬ͻȻе
ʲô˼Ҷʵ
˼ɱ޽⣬Ѿò̫Ʋһȫĵ·ɱû뵽ǰ·ȻǶϵġ
Ȼ̱ڵϣ̾ĳȥˡ
ѵûһ취𣿼ǴɱҲӦøһ·ɣزȫȱɱҲӦǺҶ˵
˵ɱĥκˣðɱߣɱһҪֻۣҪƻۣɱ̱ˡ
ǻʲôϽ·ɱǰҿɲ뱻
Ҳ룬ɱľҪˣԾһǲֿܷһ𴳲Уɱÿʱÿ̶ڷű仯ǰһǰȫĵطһ̾пʮľءص˵
ҲҪһϽ·Ҷһڰǵĺϡ
ɣҲĥߴֱһռ䡣
һΣЩɱⲢûг֣෴ǳƽƺûκɱ
ҶռиӦһ£ְվλƵм䣬ûдɱŷĵ˳
СһЩҪЩϣȻǧɱģ˭ҲӲѵ
ѣҶҲ֪Щϵ·Ȳãޱȵĸڰ󣬾Ѿսʶ
Ȼʥ𣬵ڳ˯ɼ𶦵һսܵش
ܴһ£ҶԼȻɽ֮Уһž޴Ŀռ䣬ȴԵһƬûκ
ȫǺϵʯȪĵܣͷ˹һ˫̹⣬}ˡ
ϵܣѰҵһòưȫ·Ҷ߹հ˹յɽȥ
ҶڽÿһһĽӡڵϵһ㣬ȻͷʱȴȻԼµĽӡȻصʧˣֻܱƬ̶ѡ
ˣɱĨģɱ̺رԴߵѾǽˣҿ˫϶ͱɱĨˡ˦˦ͷϵĺˮ˶ϵë˵
һ·ϣۻˣɱôƽģ
Ҳüβߴˡ
һ̤ɱǧɱͬʱϮܵʱ䶼ûбᱻɱĨɱˡ
һ·ĵ۵øƵģͷˡ
һϣһμɱƽ⣬»ʲôѵõ
Ҿ˵Ա裬ֻҪʱ䣬ûƲ˵ƣǴɱΣȥ磬֮
һ·޾գڿҪӽɱʱ򣬰̲סԴϸߡ
ˣͱˣȳȥ֮㰮ôôڸϽ·ҶһĴԴϡ
ˣ
һֻ̤ȥ󣬶ʱУҶҲһΪϡ
ݣ
һ׹ҶͰԭʧȥӰƾʧˡ
ৣ
һŤҶͰٴγ֣Ѿɽģǰһ޴ʯš
¡¡
ʯȻһɴǿҸʴĺֱҶͰϡ
໡
ǲҽһİë˲䱻ʴɾ¶һƤ⣬⻬
Ҳ˲Ͻ֮ס˼
ҶɢŽ⣬Զ赲һ֮⣬δܵʲôӰ졣
ǡع
ǾУϲɫˣ۵ĵعбȻкܶıֻҪһǾͷˡ
飡
ҶԴһǣʲôʱ㻹ʲôܻܲųȥδ֪أʲô·ûнɱ룬һĵط
ҶСӣٸҶԱҸ㼱
㬵Ļ˻δԴתһһİë
¡¡
ڴʱعͻȻ죬羪İڣƼΪƴ
ţϢºϮȻҶıҲ̲סоⲻ
ˣع򵥣϶мĶǳ¡ǵɫһӱüѿ
ڰǻʱһӶӵعڴɱ˳һֳֳì꣬Ŵ£˸
Ҳ裬ôô
һϸߣɱûӰˡ
޷Щǿ󣬺׻ɱ
ҶЩʥ̥ڶѣٶҲ޷вǡ

˵䣬Ҷֱӳ֣֮ȭͷϣ򵥡ֱӡֱЧһȭҵȭâдһ·Щ֮׷罾µĲѩһˡ
ԭһѱһ
ǾøղŸûӣȻһȺСϺ׸ŵˣ˿ͣϽһعɱȥ
Ҷں治ؼ©Щ©֮Ҳֱһָȥ֮ϴ֮Ŀǣɵıɱˡ
ˣҶҵģ֪۵ĵعвֻЩСĶ϶Ľɫðȥʲˡ
˿̣ɱ𾢣ϽŴһ㣬һһƬâɱЩûеֿ
ܿ죬ǱһƬ֮Уûκι餣вٵĿݹǣ
𣡡
һһ׵ôӰ׹Ƕվ²˹ۣоȻйһı̹һ㡣
Ϻǣ˸õģ
˷ܵĲסǺϽɱ˹ȥ
һ൱ͨ۷ǿѾ֮൱ǿ󣬶ͨʿ˵㹻һڵǿɱ
ΪǶʽǳ죬ȫûֻ֮֮Ĺ
ǺҶһϣùֻϽ壬һƬ֮㼤˹ȥ˲佫ɸһǧٿס
漴ҶԶһֱһɽһ㶴ͷ­ҲĨˡ
ͷ
ǲһ䣬ǰɱȥ




1672 ѧ
һ׹Ǵȫİ׹ǡ
ܲȴǼЩֻĵع֮У֮֮ǵȻǡ
ǴɱķҶںż©Ǻܿ㴩׹۵Ĵ
Ǹ׸ߵİ׹֮֮⣬׹˿ΪǣǵϽһ㻯Ϊ촷ۡ
ԽߣԽǿҲҿǺҶ֮ͨȻĿãһ˿Ѿˡ
濴ɽҲǸСѣĿռȴˡ
ɽеĹƻֺ꣬һƬ¹ʯĹڿ̷ǳĽعһһ
ء
ͻȻһĽһֻӰӵعĽֱܳҶȥ
һȻ峤ӽףצһ߶೤˸ɫĹâ
һֻèϳƬǿ׳ذף
飡
Ҷɾĳ֣һȭ÷飬֮˲侻һŨص
ﵽʲô˵ĹôôֲҶɫЩء
벻ʲôƵء
Ҳܹôǿ´Ѿˣ꣬ʮ궼пܡ
ĹǰУ;նɱ׻ɱҶľˣֻҪֱ֣֮鲼ȭͷϣһȭ顣
ҲǳϽӣӲ𶯣׻۵֮
֮ĿǣҪ˵ǵϽǴ񱩵мˣй
ͻһĹţһعҶоԼҪӴĵعȺ·ˡ
䣡
նɱɾһе֮󣬰Ϣ߶ϽһĹź˹ȥ
Ĺŷ·ûʲôƣ֮ǰѾƻˣԺױ俪ˡ
໡
Ĺű俪һ˲䣬һɫӰӶĹг˳צֱǵͷץȥ
һͷҹ棬¸ɫƬһĿ۽

ǧһ֮ʣǹϵˣŲ׷ǲһ⣬ͬʱ߶Ͻݺݵײ˷ҹϣײɳȥ
໡
ֻҹڱϽײɵͬʱһͳתҶȥצ˸Ĺ⣬о綾ġ
򣡡
Ҷһȣ깲һֱϣʹе֮Ȼ𶯡
Ҷ֣ɫȭͷһСһ֮ݺݴڷҹһצϡ
꣡
ҶǿĹǰҹһצֱӱˣ֮һʴһֱۡ
ҶҲǵһμֶ˵ڵʵǳǿԶԸ
ģڵﶼɱˣֻҹȻҲǿ󣬵ǱϾﻹЩġ
򣡡
ҶһȣŲ׷ǲƹ֮ŷҹ׷ʹ򣬽ɫİգ緭ӡһͷǿķҹûѣڽڰˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ׷һصع֮Уʩչɱɢ֣顱һͷǿķҹˡ
ֱ˿̣ҶʱһһصعȻǰԶĵعһۺǶɵļ̨
Щ̨õĿݹǾȻһĺǣǶມǼơ
ĺǣ
ҶһʱϳЩǵݣΪǶǺɫģһɢŵڹ⡣
̨߲ȱﺡǶɣųɱ˲ҿ
Ҷתۣ˫â̴ںڹǼ̨ΧĺɫɷԼڼ̨Ϸһھ޴Ĺ餡
ĺǶɼ̨ͣԼĹ餣ʲôˣȻ˰Ե
ɱ죬ԶҶҲԾһйιһĸо
ҲǺɫĺǶɵļ̨
ʲôˣ˴ǣĺ̨ͣԼĹ餣
ҶСӣоڻ壬ӦòᱻɱӰ죬ȥʲô˵Ĺ餣ûʲôʾҶ
ţ
ҶΪ⶯ǲ˵Ҳ뵽ǰȥһλ˵Ĵֱʡ
ʣܹԼһصأһ춯صĴֻǲ֪λ͡
뵽Ҷ̴߶ڣͷϿԻâͰȫ档
۱һǵɱʱ˹â֮⣬ҶͰͬʱеһᡣ
׹Ǽ̨ɷ죬γһصʥǿ߽ƬҲᱻձɱһ̯ŧѪ
ҶĿǰΪ˵޿ܽƬлжɡ
һУǾڵĹͣΪѾڳ˯ˣѹ֮󣬾ڻǻԶߵİȫ
ͷڣҶ֮ٴ˺֮УȫĺǶɵļ̨ǰ
ǰĿģ޴ĿݹǺˣ֯һӴļ̨һзĹ餺ڼ̨֮ϣɢɱ⣡
ৣ
Ҷֱӳ˼̨Ȼھ޴ĹΧȻϰٿͷƷʯҫɫĹâŨԪҺ塣
ˡ
ǹֽһŵϴ󣬻һڶҪЩƷʯһ¡

Ҷǰ棬һӣֱӽЩʯȫս
ëûõһǲ㽫һݹʱĵſڵϿ¡
ұǿˣһ𣬱ǰæңúôûңǵ˰˱Ѫùˣ
ŻһӣǲŻعһƵҶ˵
ףпͼ
ʯ֮ҶͻȻ֣ھ޴ĹϾȻкܶͼǳ¡
ҿ
һӾܹ˿ԼϵĶ϶ʲôɵĻģпĳʧĸѧ
⡭ʥ
һɻ˵
ʲôȻô˵кпǧɱ۵ʬҶɴ۾˵
ܲ𾪣ʥǧɱ۶һָʥһһȥһǧܹݻֹʥ
ǳļɱ֮⣬ɱΪǿһ֤ɵ֮󴴳һɱʥ
꣬ǧɱʥһȴ۵ǿڸˡ
ϧԴʧ֮ʥʹʧˣûκ˴ָʥ
ԣǧɱʧ֮ʥǧž죬Ҳû˻ˡ
ʱգйֹ˫ʥĴ˵Ҫʧˣû뵽ȻǰĹϷˡ
ʥ临ӣ⣬޷ʩչ
ҶͰھڵı£Щͼӡʶ




1673 թʬ
޴Ĺ餷ǽ񣬷Ƿľ֪ʲôʣغبĺǶļ̨ϣ͸ɱ
餺£ѹ֮ƣ
ǧɱ۵֮ء
ڹĲ˿ͼЩͼƺԣÿһͼǰܹϵϡ
ҶĲ鿴һ£һʮͼÿһǵһֺǣѽ⡣
֮ʮʮоţȥһΪ㣬ʮͼγһջԲƺκһͼ𣬶ܹ
Ҷ˫âЩͼһĽʮͼһ˿ӡʶС
޷ָʥİֻӲʱ򲻳١
ʮͼÿһǳ£˴ƺڲĳռİһ㡣
Ҷп飬֪ʱڿ϶͸㽫öȡģʮͼġС
ڵ磬ᶼǺǻۡ˼άȵϵһ𣬾˵ܹ˵ԣ֮
ҶҲ֪ûãڸԪرʺͷʱöӵġ
˿ó޷Ǿӵʮͼġڳʲôƫ
Ҫָ֪ʥʧ֮壬֮ǧΪһ˿ƫ޷ӳʥԩˡ
ǲûӣҲŬļŹϵĿͼ˫ƺһͼ
һյʱ֣Ҷڽʮͼġӡʶ
Ҳ۾ȻҲõĿͼĬĬܡ
Σǳ̾һ˫ۣ̫£ͷ֪￪ʼ
ҶҲͬУղҲһʮͼγһĻƺһͼʼȴûԤָ
뱦ɽջأһ̰İʵЩʵĲġ
ҶҶСӣȻɱ۵Ĺ餣ɱۿ϶ڹĹǵ۱ѵ㲻õ𣿡
ţ
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ǧɱ۰
ΪǿĴ֮һ
Ĺ似϶ǿ󣬲ھۣܹõ㲻Ҳܹ;໥ӡ֤
οЩȻǿܹõȻǿʱɱﵡ
ȻĶҶҲ֪һ϶ûʲôƨ۵Ĺ餣ô״򿪵ģ
ԣղƷʯʱʲôҲûԲŻ˵Լס
뵽Ҷҡҡͷ֮۵Ĺ餣ô״򿪵ģҲ˵ûɱ۵ʬУ˭ֵܵסǧɱʬѹɱڿ׵һ˲䣬ǾͻữŧѪ˰ɣ
У
Ƿ۵СΪΪʲô㿪ףΪãɱ۵Ĺ似ôҲΪഴģֲѧϰϵĿͼһûϷˣ򣬼ҲʩչǱСӡ
˵ˣڹ죬Ȼ޾Щɶ޸ڵֻҪ߶ڣϵˣ޸ľڣ餵ķӡʱٴ򿪹餾׶ˡ
ƺǳ˽Ҷ㣬֪ľ޸ڣʴջӦ
ȻŹеܹ޸֮ҶȻĶ󲻿ףɱ۵ʬյӦûɣ
Դ˯֮Ҷ·ԼЩʲôһ
ǰʲôԽ黹ԺԴ˯֮һӱù¶ʲôԾϵҲûиŵĹ
ԣϣܹ޸ڣϣҲҹѰʥ߶ԭ
ܹչе޸ڵĻֵðһµġ
䣡
գҶûܾסջ󣬹ϴ߶۱ʼչе
ڹ餾޴ޱȣҪϺü̵ȻҲܶࡣ
Ҷʼ߶ʱ򣬾ڱһǿâԴԴϵӹ뵽֮С
ʱȥڱĹâԽۣһֽɫ̫һ㣬ֲ
۵
ʱ򣬹餶Ȼһ£淢һ죬·еĹ׸ǿһ
˲䣬һɼɲɱӹ餵ķ϶м˲ϯعÿһ䣡
䣡
εķ籩Χһжݻˣڶ̶һ˲Ϊ촷ۣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ·ԼѪҺ궼סһһɴ̹ǵĺס˸ս

ǸǲҽһӶᶯˡ
ǻھڵĹâ֮ڣ½ЩɢڵعĿݹǺö١
ˣ
һ𶯴ԶжþҲղκε
ô£թթթʬ˲ɣ
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һթʬӿɾʹˣϵ£ǿգʲôһթʬ˵Ĵ۵Ķ֣
ǣ㣬ҪþչеĻôıʣô죿
ҶҲɵˣ֪֮Ի춯϶Լ߶չеµġ
֪ıʣ˵ôһ˵ˣëûõӲܶϣҲзݡ
Ȼȿ־壬ȴҲϳԼΡ
۵
ִݵʱ򣬹ٴ𶯣ɱٴγ֣оڵıҲоһսĿ־塣
ڲ۷ʱڣǼܷӳ۷ʱڵ
пǴʬʱԵò˺ܶࡣ
һ̣Ҷ޹ɺ͹żҵĵ۱𶦣ҪɾڵĻҲ˯УҲܷӳǿĵˡ
ڣһս֮أ϶ò˯
Զ
ҶϾȳ⴦ع˵һʲô䣬ͰǱɡ
Ȼ
߶ڣ׼뿪ʱȴԼȻܶˣȫɱסˡ
ϰף̨Ǻ뿪ԽԶԽãҶ˵
ΪҲûõģĿռ䶼ˣǴ̨Ҳ޷˵ˣҸͼ̨뿪ˣǾɥ˵
ѵ
ڴʱ餵ĸȻԶĵϣһľ졣
թʬˡթʬˡ
һУŵʺ




1674 ǧɱ
䣡
ɭɱ죬ϣعȫûˣɱᴩ
ҶͰһɭȻɱ˵ˣױ嶼Ҫˡ
ҶȻıѾﵽأʥǵҲ˿
Ȼɱ֮£徹ȻҪˣɼ־ɱжôǿ
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Ҷһ״̬УʮȥˣһֱУչƻá
ݻϵϵɱʥѪҺӡ̥ǡꡢԴ֮ϡ
˿̣ÿһѪⶼɱʥƺΪһأ֮ݻεƣӶص
գкȻһ𣬸ֳһبŲӰǧ򻯹һΨһƣ
һ̣ϱһɳɱ⣬ɱᴩأ㽫ռˡ
ֱʱҶųתвһʥרһɱױȵĹ֮
ҶʼϵʥˣΨʥܶԿɱۣûκϣ
ɽ£꺮֪꣡
ҶռҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ѹƲסĸооԼҪͻˡ
ֱʱҶȻԼԲʱͻƣɱ۱Ȼľʵ
һŪɳ׾ˣԲҪġ
޾֮ãò֮ؾڵŹǣΪܹ֮ؾеĴ̨ع飬ȴû뵽Ȼɱ۵ĵع֮С
Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬֪ΪԼʧ٣Ժ͵Ժ᲻ìܣԣҲҪĸϻȥ
δɵ֮ǰعбʮ꣬ǿչ·ϾҪˣһ´̤ųǿ֮·ǿչ·ˡ
ɲҲʮ꣬ܳȥ֮󣬻ƻ˶ˣ
䣡
ǰâһҶǲΰӰǰ
һΣҶϸоǿš
Сѵսʤͬɱ۲ɣֹ
ս
֮Ҷûκηϻֱӱɱ۴ȭɫȭͷգع
䣡
ɱҲԣҶϲһ˿вԥĳ֣ͬһȭҵȭâعûˡ
ǵһʱΪϽУ򼴱˴սನҲв
ããӿʱǧɱû˿޷ϸӦϢȴɸӦֳϵƣΰ
һȭձ飬ȭâƥɱع֮з϶̹ǡ
飡
ģҶٴսܣ˰ӣսٴ÷
һ̣䣬ͬ£ΪŵӵĹɶĶ֣ɱһǿսܵġ
ûϷ
ۿҶٴΰܱǳ׾ˣԭΪҶܹһϲѾ˽һ꣬ʺĵطԴԴĵ󣬿Ϊˡ
ʥأҲԸһӴֵط
һǵջҲǷǳģڰٰ֮£ʼɱƣϣܹгһտ̨̻ɳȥ
һľУͻͽ˵һĲȱƶδסˡ
ˣԾûаϣܴȥ
ֻɱ۵ĵع




1678 ɹɱ
սŰܣҶһμĴͬʱҲһҪĥºʹۡ
ܼ꣬ʺ磬ûд۵ǲģ
Դ磬Ҷ˵ûоʧܣûͬս
δй
ɱ۵ĳָһǵͷȣ֪죬˵ĵ
εĴ۶˵Ƿǳʱһ̤ǿչ·֪ôǿĵˣ£ǻɱһ飿
ǿ϶ģᣡ
Ҫ֪ÿһ϶һľǿߣԽսֻܹҲܹͬ
ϣ»ʳĹŻº˻ʴ۵ĵҲԽսʵʱ
ǲҶ٣ĳЩǿ˵Ѫ棬۵ϵӣȻ˹֮Ѫ
ѪеĴ۷ǿıԴȻûսҶ֪ºһƴԲȹ٣пܻƴܾˣͬھ
ĴۣǿҲھԼܺüս
ԣҶãԼϣģֻĿǰûҵɱ۵©ѡ
һ֮Ҷϵĳǰɱɢֺȭһˣѵĺɱ۲ɱ
䣡
ɱ˫ֽӡһɫĴ󶦳ҶͷɢһƵѹ¡
ˣ
Ҷͷ˲һɫĴӡȼ濹ɫ󶦡
ң@#%
Ҷĳ嶯ˣɱ۾Ȼʥݻ˹ŵ۵ĵ۱𶦣⻹ô
䣡
£ֱӽҶɵӡ˻ȥһٴˡ
ৣ
ԶҶٴɢŽɫĹâѪҺ׷ˣ˫âս߰
ɱ۶޷սʤƾʲôʱϵ·иϵۣ
һΣҶû϶֣ĬĬ˼ţʣղɱõʥݻҵĵ۱һƵ
ʥܹݻκһֹʥ֮ǰҶζǰʥ֮¡
һ̣ɱ۵ҲʼʥݻǿĹʥ
˫ֻ䣬һɺ嫵ϢҶĶճҺгһ㣬ǹɿֲϢȴԽԽǿҡ
ˣ
ɱ۵һθо˲ɫصȳˣһߣҶͷ­նȥ
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ͬһʱ䣬ҶͷһöɫģƬɢŹӵϢͬʱȼԼ̥ꡣ
ˣ
ߣȻʬϱ۵Ůͷ񽫣ȱ
ʥֽȻͬĿֲϢ˲䱬ϯع
ȼ̥֮ҶȻԼս˺ü
˫ּ佥ֳһɫʯһһ޴Ĺԡ

һ죬ɱ۵ݺݵնҶͷǿɫƬϣֲĻϢ
عƺҪع鵽ԭ㣬ڣʱ·𶼾ֹˣռҲˣһ֮
Ȼ
Ҷ˫֮⣬Ȼ˿ûˣǿ쿴˿۵ĲƬӲסһһԹսİӲϣ

ţҶ˫ֱֳɾɱȥĲӬһʯɢſֲϢֱӽɱۺȥǧԶ
ģҶСӣټӰѾɵ鳣
ǴСУȻһƾûɱ۳ƺΪ鳣¹ǵһ
˵ҶȻˣһԽ֮ǰɱۻԹйԻ̥࣬ŸԼɵʯ׷ɱһٿġ
ǧɱҲû뵽ҶȻôԼľѧʥҼãݻ֮ؾɱ
Ͼɱ̫ˣٳСռ䣬Ͼ֮ؾ֮С
ҶҲһ뵽ݻɱֵģû뵽൱ʹɱƺĳصҶĴ߶£ɱϵɢɹ⣬ɱۿƵġ
飡
Ҷ󲽣չ׷ǲһ⣬ʥݻɱɱ۾һٿģһ֮£ɱۺȥǧԶ
һ̣ڼսĵ£Ҷչֳһ޵еķɣһһ㣬
ɫ֮ɱϣÿһ·ؽ׽£ɱĵѪ죬ⶼˡ
ɱͬӵиϵĸԭնա
Ȼ
Ҷȴ·޴ڣеɱȻڽģǸѪȴֲ
飡
Ҷ޵Уɱֶһһ㣬ɱ۳鵽ĵ׷й˽սܵ

Ҷһɱһӽɱڵϣֱĳࡣ
ৣ
ɱһξѪɳ˲ǧ˫ֻһɿֲϢ
һӡֳ·鶼ҪĤݣɢſֲĵ˻ʴ۵˻ӡ
һ۱ɱʥϱ죬Ȼ˵е˻ӡݻ˳

Ҷֶɱݺݵɱȥ
Ҫһսɣɱն𣬷һҪնɱ¾͸ˡ
ѵãԲܴˣȼ̥£ҶҲֲ̫ʱ䣬ԱҪսپ
ɱ˻ӡײһҶǿޱȵʱó˫ֱֳԾⲫ״̬ɱƴ
䣡
ɱ˻ӡݺײһȻǿҵĹâֱӽûˣһɿٵصϢ
ɱ˻ӡͬʱʧˡ
Ȼ
ɱϵǸȴԾûʧһƬһѹֱӽɱѹ档
𡭡
ɱ۵һη˫о٣һ㽫·ڳһ㡣
ৣ
Ҷֱ棬չʵӲĽѹȥҲķǳأ̥Ӱʧˣ̥Ҫֲסˡ
סһҪס
Ҷͷ󺹣ҧڼ֣֪λᣬҪɱɱۼǲܵġ
գʧ֮ǰ׽ɱѹȥµɹ⽫ɱ۵һƾĥˡ
䣡
ɱۻ꣬ɢڵع֮Уջع鵽еɱ۱֮ڡ
ˣ
֮УͻȻһ˽εŻҶİһŻһƬããģ֪ͨδ
ڳɹˣ
Ҷ̱ڵϣæϨ̥Ļ棬ƾȼȥһٽֵҪջضˣֻȼվ̥֮󳹵׻ҷ
˲ƣҶŰһ̤˹֮УʧƬعС
ȻֻһꣿѵҪȵǸˣ
ͬʱоŵǧɱۣȻ˫һ˼




1679 뿪ɷ
֮Уʱ·ˣʱֹʱš
ҶҲǵһκˣȻǳϤָоֻû뵽ɱ۷ڣ֮гҪղС
Ҳ֪˶ãҶǰһռѿͰһʱоһϤϢ
ԪˮһһһԸߵ֮ϣĿԶΧһƬ·һɾһ㡣
ǡ
Ҷһ֮ؾΣյĽ֮ءɷأ
νɷأʵϾȻǧɱ۵ķڣһ㣬ϲҲ֪
ذ
һѻĽҶȻ֣ԼԶȻһѿֻѻڿ֦ϲУֲա
Ҷ£һʯ죬ݲʯ߷賤һ׶ߣڲݴУһݹ᾵İι
ϳһֲգð̲סëȻԴҶµĵϽ뿪ɣǸϹԣ
Ҷͷɱ۷ڣеľԸȥʹʹۣȻջʥնɱʱڵɱۣһδαʹ࣬Ĳȥζˡ
һսҶջ࣬ȭɱɢ֡似ӾʹøӵӦ֣һɱǿɱʥʥ
⽫Ϊһɱﵣ
ҶоԼĵԽԽˣ̤ǿ֮·ǿչ·ҲһЩԱ
ҶͰѵʯڣּʮ߳ŵķΧ
һ̣Ҷһһϣৡһ´ԭʧˣŰҲһʧˡ
ٴγֵʱѾɷصΧɱ·һͻᱻǳɱֱӻŧѪһ㡣
໡
һҽУܴĵԶȥѩ׵βϵëĲѩһѸˣֻʣһعͺͺβͼ⣬ȥ⻬
յɱۣϹ˵ǳģȻģβͰûˣ
֣ʧ˵ƤëȻѻָǿͨ޷ᡣ
Ҷ˵Ѿ߳ɱ۷ڣѾǽ֮ˣͲҪ֪ˡ
ңѾ֮ؾˣɱ۷ڣ黹ǲҪø֪ĺãԶΪܰɣ
ǸҶɱ۵أǲҪø֪ĺá
ҶͰߵʱںԶĽԵλԺϽʦȴˡ
߳
һϵĽʦ˵
ܹطΧڵһЩ¹£ʣǿһɢŽɫĹâǿı־ܲľ
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ףţô߻һ˵ĵôһ棿
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Ͻʦһѵı飬֪ʲô޺Уߵ壬ǵƤëǰɫġ
Ǳ滹ǲأǧûܹغų֮ؾҲû˻Դ⴦ذĽʦѵһ٣ʶ˵
ȿ˵Ҹоһ࣬򲻿ܺκƽദϵϢͲܹܵġ
˵䣬ҶͰѾߵ˽صıԵҲվڱԵļλԺϽʦʱѡ
Դ̤Ϲϼ̨һǾҲûмκλŵ࣬ãã˼£ʺɱ۷ڣб˽һʱ䣬ȻϤˣ֣ܲ
ৣ
Ҷʩչ׷ǲһ磬سɴ磬ΪϽʦȥҲʾͬʩչ׷ǲ
ֻϧ׷ǲЩײ࣬Ȼٶͬ죬Ͼֿž׵¼ٲʺ·
Ȼһ۸֮󣬵ܹÿƵʱҪˤ࣬ϾҶ졣
Ӱһǰһ˽رԵλԺϽʦǰԶ
ӽ߳ľȻҶλԺϽʦȫˣôҲ벻ӵ֮ؾʧٵҶ
ؾһǧ֮ңѰʿǷУûʮҲɻ
Ȼ
ڣҶȴĳǵǰܲ𾪵Ըӡ
ҶҶһϽʦͰ͵Ҷ֤ԼǻþϾҶǴӽ߳ġ
ǰң
Ҷͷи⼤
˭⣬һźĻнǿգ޾£Ȼ־һη˵ֿ֮ϲ
죬㣡
ĽʦǰҶһ飬ȷԼǻþ
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һڳһȥ֪ʧٵʱ﾿ʲô
ݵԺԺ˵Ҷ̤ϵϵļ̨ͨǿǰ߹ǣ˱վ
ϵĻӦûдˣ֮ǰĺڰңȷɳӢǰսǰߵĹǣ赲ɹ֮⣬ܵʧ
˵ҶӦýǿ˲ŶԣôͻȻ֮ؾĽУ
һѾ
ҶЦһξ˵¶û˻š
Ȳ˵ˣϽŪԵģˣôʱ䣬֪ʲôζˡǴҶĻλԺʦ˵
ԶԶԣȳԵ㶫Ϣһ£˵١
Ľʦ򣬿Ҷʱá
Զ׼ģ͵ֿǰ߹ǣضزȥˣ֪ʲô
ܿ죬ҶͰǱ㱻֮ؾеһǳͨľ¥УһĲˮһ
˫ð̹⣬˦ӣÿưһٿԣһ̳̳Ʊ
ҶҲһ٣ɱ۵عеǶ£ʲôҲûгԹȫǿƷʯάı롣
ò׳ˣȻҪúüԼ
ԱҶԼҪ˵ļһȷû©󣬲ſ˵Լġ




1680 һ
ǸѰʿ߾ǿߣҲδܹããҵ·
˰ֱܻ漣е漣ڤڤע»ΪԶеһʬˡ
ҶĽڳԺʦȫˣôҲû뵽ҶȻľ
ȻˣҶ˵ʱһЩģû˵ɷУҲɱ۵عеξ
Ϊ뱻˵֪ɷʵ۵ķڣҲȥɱ۵ĳ˯
һܣǣҲǣپûн˵Ϊ۵ĺˣȻҲܽ˵ˡ
ҲһĽ͡
Ľӵ֮ؾеĹϼ̨ϱֱӴ͵ǿУȻһĴ˵̨ϵĵͣһҹŵĹϡ
ξҶûа٣һֱõʥȻͰǾ֮ѰãĻع֮·һεȷʵľ
һֱ˵֮ĽɱȻڵռбѡ
һеһжʵģֻҶ˵ʱӳһѡ
Ҷ˵ͰǽһźСĹϣ׼̽һŹûϡнʯ֮ģȴŹҵһƵĴ̨
ڰǼѵĸԭ֮£ЩĶղܺգȻںյʱ⣬ձˣǾ;۱ıѾ˿ռˡ
ٴδռ߳ʱȴԼȻ֮ؾɷظˡ
Ȼڵ۱ı£ڰǼѵ£һĽѣղŴɷظ˳νǽҡ
Ҷⷬм٣ٲΰ룬ڳԺʦͲҽϣҲ̫棬̫죬̫մ̼ˡ
һĲǶز֮ؾձȻʧããС
գҶͰǽ֮ؾеĴ̨صԺ
ҶԺʱԺȫˣ
Ժϲ͸ԺϺꡢִӥɣѧԺջ𡢵ˮŵģȫˡ
֮ǰ֮ؾеʱ򣬼λϽʦһֹһһ¾ҶϢϲҪһϲ
ҶԺĵ·ϵʱ˶ġ
Сӣ̸ҹ
ڵ֪Ҷһ̣ϲֱԼĶ䣬һչ̲ҶϢֱӺһɤӣѧԺ
ҶӣεسΧԺЦЦֱϲӵĽȥ
ԺӣһЩʦڵУϲӵǸСɽȾһأûеõκҲһ
ȻҶ˵Ͳʲôأʲôʱȥԡ
ȻˣûҲԸȥϲӵĵطΪԪԶطϡ
ģڵ֮ؾбϵļ̨Ͷʲôʱģ
˭ȥΪ£Ժ͵ԺԺ֣϶ģ治֪ôġ
Ҷߺ󣬺ܶԺĵǷ׷ۣҶż̨Ͷ飬ϼ̨պ󲻾ñ㱻Ժɮ֪ͨԺϲ
һӣ˵磬Ժ͵ԺѾ˾֪ˡ
ԭΪҶʹ˴ʧû뵽һʱ䣬Ȼֻˡ
ܹǿ֮棬Ȿһʵûǿʵûܹ޵ȡά裬ãã棬˵ҵع·зɷˡ
˶ں棬ҶλģڵΣ֪ǲˡ
ৣ
˶Ŀⶢ˰ϣǶ֪Ҷߵúܽһ𱻴Ͷġ
ǲӿϲӵĵطȥ׷ҶľȻĿϡ
Ҫ֪еľÿһƷʯԭԭĸǽ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣֱЩԺĵҪƷʯ
ôȥƷʯ֪һƷʯж𣿡һԺĵҧгݵ˵
Ժ͵ԺͬԺյĵҲʥصĴˣʥӺ͵ǿˡ
ԺĵӴ඼ʲôʥصĴˣеĻ˵Ʒʯˣһ鼫ƷʯǶò
һȺһƷʯòָóɽˡ
ȡһĴָƷʯâҫۣڰУ䳾
󡭡
ԡһֱӱǶˣòԺ°͵һء
ͷ費ĻǾȻ˵ĸУһƷʯȻôԴĸˣ
ϲӵСɽУҶ֮ǰ֮ؾеϽʦǽľֽһ飬ϲסľȡ
棬ֱܹǽҵ˼㣬Ҷдˣ¾ҲزˣֻܳΪеһƯĸʬ
Ҫϸܣ֪֮ؾ͸¶ȥ㣬Ҫ˵ԼһϵϷһǫ̇̄ǵ޲͸֮Žһģκ˶Ҫ˵Ժɮܺϣ𣿡ϲһ˵
ţף
Ҷͷ뷨ıϣֻϲҲ벻Լ˵ľѾ൱һ־˼ӹ
֮ؾԺ߻ܣ˿й֮ؾеϽʦǶǾϸĿѡ֮Żᰲŵȥġ
һ֮ؾһӶˣЩϽʦǴ඼ԺģԺġ
뿪ˣ
̸Լľ֮Ҷϲѯʵ
ܹ⣬Ϊ뿪ʱ֪ڰǿչ·ͻῪˣ˾֮ãѴǿչ·Ļ˰ɡ
Ѿһˣ
ϲпʧһʱ˺ܶ¡
ϲĽУҶ֪뿪һ֮á
һǰǿչ·˻ʵ»ʵºһľӢѾ̤ǿ֮·ȥĥԼˡ
еһҲ׳ˣһЩᾫӢ̤ͬǿչ·֮⣬Ծкܶǿϡ
Щǿ߷ǳſ֮ͲϵսһԼͬ±ǿɱ˲ʿ
һ˵Ǳҵһ꣬Ѫȷ磬ϵʿսնɱ
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Щǿһ㣬һóָԤ£սʿ塣
̫
Ҷһȭǰһʯҵķ飬˵




1681 ֮
Ӱ£Ҷֵ̫ΪδԷɱĳޡ
Ȼ
ȺСʵ̫ˣԼǿطƣϣ浱һ˲ɣ
⣬ͷģϴαУһնɱǺüߣȻģ¾
ϲЩǵ˵ڵɲ֮ǰʱˣӳˣһҪ£ΪѪʳһĴսʿ¾ġ
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ǿǳǿȻֻڣ۷һǿ߶δĶ֡
ϲյĻǷǳ׼ġ
Ϊһ׼ۣһСʵֻҪԶԶһ۱ܹ˽⣬ԣۻǱȽпϵġ
ô
Ҷ˸ſһսĹâʱڵɱ۶նˣһ
ţ˺ܶ࣬ϲҶ˵˺ܶйոճõӵ飬һЩͨͽ
ʷϣλʷǳǿΪĵϵӣλӵʵȻҲС
ϲӵСɽг֮Ҷһ۾Ϳ˵Ⱥĺ˺ʯҰˡ
ӭȥ˭ûȿ˵Щ
ôˣһôӭһ
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ȻǡǿһЦǵȥ˵ɡ
ô£ʲô
ҶظоЩǺһ͵ɣʲôӺˣ飬£ҲС£пˡ
ȱˣȻ㣡˾Ҳ˵
ҶΣֻø߳ԺһɽˮСɽУ͸ҶڵϣγһĹߡ
˵𣿡
ҶͲסٴʵ˵ıп϶ʲôõ鷢ˡ
⡭
죬ջʲôҲû˵ֻص̾˿
׷ʲôˣǷҪ𣿡ҶˣֿʯҰĿϲϵƶ
˵ɣ˾̾˿ҶӣҪ׼
ҶС⡱һ£ԼԤгˣս
һǰһǴսչֶΣǲУսСˡ˾һʹ˵
͹˹ϵĪ棬Ȼ̫ʥصʥӣ˾ռǿˣȤ϶ϡ
껵սĴǳ֪ԼǶ֣ȥսҲǰװûκ壬̲סҪȺƤˡ
⣬ĵ˾ҲսˣһǴ꣬ļң˵
ʲôˣ˾Ҳˣô£ҶˣһŭѹƲסĳ۾ˡ
̫ʥӹ껣СʱһЩһҶġ
⣬ͷɢҰһ˾ɸؾУսһɽ٣ɱ
һԭʼſν빲ֵܣȴС
ǿ̣벻̣
ˣ⣬̹°׹Ҳ⵽һϮ˲ˣ˿ڱչУ֪عϢʯҰ˵
֮⣬ȺǾȻ˵ͷڹ֪꣬ӳҪͶ±ս
˾ߵ˵ȺǣҪ֮ǰԪغϵʥս̨նߵĳ𣡡
ǰܶǷ׷˵ʱûгԿŰɱ㣬ﹷ飡˷߷ߵ˵
һοǿչ·˭̤ˣ
Ҷһת˻⣬ԼѹƲסеŭֱȥǸνȥһս
»ʳĹŻº˻ʵ׾ȭ޶ĵ۴̩ӺħħǶˡ˾Ҷ˵
ŶˣǸ쵰ûȥ
˵˾һ޺޵˵㲻ڵʱһʵǿսɱᾫӢΪһսһģû뵽СӷǵûҪӶ֣˷ֵӹŵ۵ͷ
ô˵ŵҲһ干ĴۣôʣһûѵثأʯҰץץͷһ˵
ҶڵʱҲ⵽սһӽһǴֱӴˣ΢һЩ
˾ƺͺҲ⵽ǿߵսѵսȻʤˣȴûն֣ΪѵֵǱ
Ϊ£۱̸һǿ߶ǳ»ʳľǷݣ˵ٸ޼ɵ֮ĴսҲҪϧһд۽µһĨɱɾ
һоԶӵе۱ľʳĻԷһȷʵһʱ䣬ǲսЩоԶʥغ͹ҵĵӣתһЩС߳ľӢɢˡ
ԺһЩʱϮ˺üӣ̹ʱȺϮģбѾ

Ҷȭͷ߬һָ׶ݽɫѪһһεĵڽµĲݵϡ
ȻɱʿΪȤôҲͬ£Ҳ֪գȻ֪ˣ¾;Բܾʹưոݣ
ӳ飬֮ǰǲȥһ̹أ֪ƽ֪жøأ˾Ҷѵ
ðɣȺǶһ죬쿪ʼЩǵجοʼˣҪɱǿ־Ϊֹ
Ҷȴ羪һͷ
ڳ˶֪Ҷŭˣۣ֮
ǴҶˣ
ԣǱ븶ۣصĴۣ




1682 Ҷ
ϲһɽеĹųУһȺʿߺĺžơ
Ѿʮյľ̳ӣϸһƬǽ壬߰ᾫӢȵͷˣڲϻϾơ
һԣһ߳ü򼸸ʿλСеľûˣȫǺȹˡ
ʲôûˣ϶û㿪ʲô¥ϽүϾƣҲϹͷ¾ƣ
һʿݺݵץסߵ·ӣֱӽӶ¥Ĵȥ̽Դһ֮ǻƷүǰԼ֪
үү
һ۵һСкҹĴӷгѵҡ˵ֱۣүү
ιСޣϽүү϶;ȻҲǵĵ꣡¾¥ʿ۾Ск˵
ǻˣסǵĵ꣬ÿǵģǵģǮˡСкҭҭ˵
ΧкܶΧȴûһ˿ڣΪ˺Скһִԡ
ǶûκΪͨˣǲЩʿֻܴʡ
СӣʲôϽȥȡ
ͯ޼ɣһС˵ǺȸˣʿҲЩҲס
ȷԴų֮Ǳ㽫ųеʿȫ˳ȥֲӵģֱսɱ
ССĹųѾȫΪȺʿǵˣÿ춼СƹгԺסȴһǮҲûи
ţһܴǣΪģһΧ۵꺺ɫ࣬˵

ʿЦ岻һȺͼ϶ѣôܸȣһ˭սʤǣ
ҶԣʱҶһ˱㵲סʮߣһΪǱģ
꺺ӽӴĹ磬֪ҶǹԵһս˿˵
һͷڹˣ֪ʴ۵Ļӳ̱Ҳ¶棬Ǿͱָˡ
ûӴ˴γΪնɱģֻϧѾʧããˣⱲӶزˣǻʲộ
ǣĹŻӲҲǸӳֵܣưôˣҲֵư˰ɣ
һȺʿڶ¥޼ɵ˵ţж弫ڿ֮¡
ǿҶϵļ̨͵ãã֮УⱲҲˣλλѾ̤ǿչ·ûκв
ΨһЩвĹŵǵѣǿ壬һûʲôϣˣ
ûһϣ𣿡
ܶ˶ĸ̾
ⲻǲãڶеһӰѣǳأҲͬš
ܶʿ⵽һսܶѪȾգ䲻ʵرնɱˡ
޿ɷϣͬ£ȷձ壬ǵǿ󣬲츳ͨ
ʿӵеģֻ޾ǱѣǱʵ
ձȷͬʿĶ֣ǲʵ
Ⱥ̫ˣ
ģҺ޲ԼԳ֣˺Ⱥ
ܶʿһڰݣҪնЩſʿڵСǡ
Ȼ
ʵȴãǿгҲֻǶһѣƲκӰ졣
һǿҲǴΪΪкܶսʿǵͽͽǵˡ
Ȼȴ֮ǰԼ֣ŭպ۾Ҳֻǿ
һ̣кܶ뵽ҶΪʥս̨һսҶǿ̬һҵ̨׼ʳ۶ñȲ䣡
ǿ˵һ˭ܹȺӭͷʹĻôҶĪˣ
һƬƲѪȷ磬ϴʿǿ߻ɱϢͨ˶һֻֿ֮С
һͨ˸ûоڰңȻֲ֪ұڻҪذٱǧ
綼һƬӰ֮У̫ǿˣһܹսʤġ
Ҷع֮ĵڶ죬˭Ҳûע⵽Ѿĵ߳Ժ
ˮĸıԼ壬òȵȣʶı䣬ֻҪ뱻ϳ𣬿¾ʥǿҲδܴȺаҳ
ݣǶϲһޣޱߣʿУ¶δܺᴩݡ
ֻܹɭֺһ˲һޣҲһЩطǸںɳĮκһݶвһĵεò
ҶڳɽпٱܣȷеٶȻҪ죬ڶ׷ǲ
ԺѾˣһֱѰʿӰΰǾȻûиš
Ҷ뿪֮ǰǽһ˸СӸռС
һ˸СһɱֻҪհǴڵķλֱܹӽɱ֮С
ʱ֣ҶһֻɼСϪ˻͹ϣԼ˸л
Ȼ赽˲ʳĵزɵϰȴ˵ľܸĵġ
ڿڸ֮ϣѾǳˣ֮࣬Ե㶫һܻǿԵġ
һֻɼ¶ǣҶСϪϴȥϵ壬ͻȻںԶĵط˴򶷵
ৣ
ҶԭһӰسɴһķ򼲳۹ȥ
ղԼԼƺ
ʮ·̶˵գ۵ĹѣܿҶ㿴һȺ߰˸ʿ׷ɱһڵʿ
˿̣ʿѪϢЩˣȫƾһı
߰ʿ׷ᣬʱػ鱦նһ
⼸ʿͨ۷ѣ㲻ϣֻСѡ
ͣ
Ҷ˵ֱָһָâɫ콣һ㽫׷ǰСֱӶüġ
С߶ûһ㵹ˣһĻʣµСŵˢˢֹס˽Ų
ʲôˣ
һСҶڶѣʱȵ
ɱǵˣ
Ҷޱʿߣڷ˲䣬ڶһĴָ֮ơ
ƾ㣿
һС֪ߵغֱӼ鱦ҶնȥɵĽâݺݵҶȥ
飡
ҶԾָһһС鱦˲ѣһطͭ
˻
һĻʣµ̲סһҶĿг˾֣




1683 ݵ
㾿˭
׷ɱʿСһ˵ӣޱȡ
ҶɢϢһڵʿѣ׷ɱǸʿ޼
Ȼ
Ҷּ̧նɱͬ飬ͬʵֻڲ֮䡣
ǿǰʿȻܹɱǵͬ飬ȻҲɱǡ
ǸҶһָ鱦Сɫɷףʧȥ֮ǰĿһСֺĿ˪һ
ҾҪҵҶ
Ҷɱһɱһ㣬ǰļС
䣡
СԺжʱ·һըףֱȦˣԺһƬհףֻʣһͷӣ
˵Ӱ
ȻûмҶȴ˵һ֮ʮߣս˵ǣһǴδȫˡ
˵ʿҲˣ
û뵽ԼľȻӢۣʱ档
ҶӢۣһҪΪһ˼ؽе
˵ǵľݵ㣬ҿԿǸǸʹ죬һܾĥãܣҶ˵
Ļ˵ʿ˵֮
ڼС˵ȴɥӣһɫұ䡣
ʲôҲ˵ģѾǸˣֻҪҳ֣һɱġһСɫ˵
꣡
СĽҶһָһâ˲䶴Сࡣ

С춯صĲҽУѪôת޷޸࣬ȴƫƫʱˣȥȨûУֻܲϵشҽС
ৣ
ǰһĻʣµСŵɫɸһ㶶ͣ
ҵ޵ģ˭˵ҿԸһʹ죬ҪҶѻ
ҶħһСĶ𣬳״ݿǵߡ
Ӱ
һСһԼ鱦Ҷ˲·ȥСҲѸͬķȥ
Ǵ̺ܺã˷ֳҶǿҲֻ׷һˣʣ˱˳
˭ùĳΪҶ׷ɱĿ꣬Ǿֻܿˡ
֮УֻҪлųȥģҶֵϢȥǵʹˣһΪǱġ
ֻϧҶ̴پھʵǰҲûκô

Ҷ׷ûȥ׷üѿһֱӴСʶ֮С

Сһ뱧סԴڵʹĴ걻յĸоʹ
ʿȷҪǿܶ࣬Ӧģǵȴ
ʹȻһһģһñһʧӵǿǿѪͬʱҲʧȥǿ
Ҷյ£û˿ֱϵʹ࣬ԶϵʹԳܡ
ֱ˿꣬ԵȨûУֻѵسһʹࡣ
ӣһСֲסˣҺŵԸ˵󡭡㣬Ҹʹɣ
˵ɡ
Ҷ˿Ϊ뵽˾̫ʥ֮ĺֱӴﵽ˷е㡣
һ۾ӵأС϶˵һ
Ҷ꣬üͷ΢΢һ壬ȴ˵򣬷ˣңҿܹһµʹ֮ȥɣ
˵꣬ҶֱӶ֣һָâСڣöûùĶϽָ
ֵϵ似ϵʿ˵ͬãһʹû֮ؾԭʼУԸĪֵˡ
ʩչ˶Ͻָ֮󣬾תϣһ顢ʹζһ֣Ľգͭ޺Ҳܲĥ
ټ˿Сױˣ˵֪޲ԣ޲ʲôʲôֻ
˵һֽѣ
ڵ֪˾ݴ˲Զһ۾ӵĵط֮Ҷ編ƣҲͬ˶Ͻָһ鱦˽ȥֱӷӡˡ
ЩСǻᰧҹ֮Żȥ
ȻЩпᣬҶ˿ʲôס
һ棬жŭ⡢⣬ǰЩСղΧʿֵļʱʿѾˡ
ҡǵľݵųǣ
һһСܲĸоľݵҶ
ҶСһʹ죬Ȼʿǰųǡ
ųǳһܲ۵Ĺųǣܽ
˵ǺܽʵҲûд̨ĻѰʿУûʮ궼δܺô
ųǱռ˵һϵĳǳأഫ֪ڶˣκڰҶûлٵ
ԭһյĻУΧããɽ˱صʿ֮⣬صʿήųǡ
ռų֮ǰǿ˵ԴһĻУΧɽ޾ԴҰޡޡҩҩľġʯĵȵȡ
ųǸһСʯÿ궼һЩʯһʯʿǶʯ
Ȼһжһǰĳֶıˣųеʿ¾ֻͶǵʿܻ
ããɽһֱ죬Ҷľӳп²ɣĹųǡ
ǽ߲ЩطѾ̮ˣߴĳ¥Ͽ׾Ĵ֡ǡ
ԶҶȻܹܵųǺصʷϢ
ڹųĹٵϣҶܹʱˣûκΪֻǿ׳ͨ˽
Щͨ˻߱ҩ¦߿ǳеһЩײͨˡ
Ҷüͷͨ˻ڳУóȻֵĻܻܿ˼޹
Ƭ̣ҶϾðԻȥ̽ʵ۾ӵĵط㡣
һͨԻҶ˵ټ򵥲ˣ΢תѰеˮıԼòʶıˡ
һҪ˵ǴδЩ壬ǰǶδϳ
ɽתһȦҶܿջһͷٶĴҰնɱŪûѪ߰ߣһȴɽ˳
λСֵܣ治ȻԵôһͷҰ
һԻԾŴͣҶɽŷʴҰ˳
Ҷѣ
ҶģʯҰӣͷ˵
̧ȥɣôһͷİٽذɣԻһӣǳ顣
ô˼ҶҲûоܾ˸ӣҰһǰһ̧ųȥ
һߣҶһĸԻ죬ܿ˹ųֲҲ˴ŵĴ㡣
ҪݵһѶˣ




1684 ֶͿԶ
ҶԻе֪ռų֮󣬲ûнϾɱҲ֪ǲеġ
ڳҪ۾ڳУΪųλõģеԪҲŨһЩ
ʥеĻ̫֮ǰֻڳ֮󣬺ܶʿЩӦ
ϾڵԪ̫֮ǰϡ˺ܶ࣬ȻԪӯˮĻԪƶĻУǲӦҲġ
ȻˣطҲפֻ٣Ҳ߰˸˶ѡ
ҶɱЩСǾסڳԵģǻûʸסС
ͳ£ǳࡪɱޡ
˵䣬˱˳ǰҶһֱĳҪС
˼֮Ҷб˴㡣
ֵܣͷҰǲҪԻʵ
Ҳ֪˭ɣһ·϶æ֮ȾơҶˬ˵ڵҷ
ңģȻ˿˵㣬ȴŪ٣ڱǲġ
˵䣬̧ҰһССӵľͷһԺӣһӵĴԳأһһġ
̧ȥɣ
ˣ̴ԱߵʯͷϿ˿ģҴҶ߽Ժӡ
Ҷ⿴һ£ԺڴһЩСջ𣬺񶼲ʿ
ܿɽҶҰԻ߳ԺӣһҾ˽ȥ
һЩСˣƣ˱ߺȱģҶĴ̽£ֵ֪˲õϢ
ųУ徫ӢһЩС֮⣬һ߾һǿ
ųиڷʿɱˣЩʵãֲͷʿҲ׷뿪ųǡ
ʣµЩû־ͼʿƴֱӱͶūźӥȮ
˵ųеǼˮ֮Уܶߣȴֻ
壬ԵİɣҶ
ʱҶͻȻӴһֻС֣һСһգ۰Ͱ͵ؿ۾˸żͯ档
԰ɣ
Ҷ⣬ԼǰùݵСкС
лл壡
СкҶһȴûϳԵеİӣתԶһǽȥ
ҶǸǽһһϢߣѪ߰ߣ˫Ѿˣġ
Скܵߣүү԰ɣӣ
߷ǵ˫ۣȰĹâҡҡͷúӣ԰ɣүү
˵ţһĭᷢһȻСȴҶĶ䡣
һԿ˰ԻҲһĻҡͷ˵
ô£
ҶؿԻ
ȼƶҶҲ֪һ˵޵ģ¿˶ˣܰˡ
ͷԭҲǿ¥ģȺɱǧռ֮ǰүԣȻ̸ϸ㣬ҲʳǣԴȺ֮쵽ľ¥׳԰׺ȣǰ죬ľƱȹˣ㱻һӶ¥ֱ˳ˤȣ¥ҲˣӴ˱޼ҿɹ飬ֻͷؤˣԻ˵
Ⱥ
Ҷ۾ɱⷭ޲ɱջ

Ի̾һѾǱˣЩʿֻ֪άԼ棬ͨ˵˭ά
СһһȥһЩԵģϡ
Ск²ųһӣҶĻƷԸһ
үܾȵһʱܾһҪЩ֪ˣǵľҲѱˣǸͲʩүκγԵģղʵѾΥǵ
ʲô
ҶͻˣȺʿûһޣȻֱ֣ͨ硣
Ҷֱӽϵķ˴ˣߣ´ķˣһߵĵһů˲˹ȥ
֮ԴĴܹ֮ʿָƣҲӰͨ˵
ллˣ
Ҳǲ֪ô֮ˣҶԼڵһжϳҶ϶Ǹʿ
˵ֶ꣬Ск˵ӣ죬лл
СкɵſڵϸҶͷ߶ţлллл
Ҷæ˳һСк壬ܷܹĻߵʱߣи˭Ҳˡ
Ȼ
ҶʧˣСк̫ͨˣͨûͨˣͲʺûκڡ
ͨˣҲӦһ΢Դͷȴ˿о
գҶǴһ͵꣬ǿ˷䣬ǳԵ㶫ϴ裬ԼԱ߿һ䷿
ԸƸһ·ϴ֮ϣҶڴĬĬ׼״̬
սעǳң
Ҫ֤Լѵ״̬ȥӭһӲ̡
ųһ壬ʮᾫӢΪﵽһǴ߶ǴǴڡ
֮⣬ﻹһϼһ޷Щסѽȫնɱ
սɱʿԼ֮֮Ҳսķʽһǵʿȫնɱ
ֻдǣǲŻʵȥս³綼ᱬ
ơ
Ҷĥսսʱ򣬷ͻȻˣҶһ֣Ŵ򿪣һ·Скı߽Ҷ˵壬㿴·Ư𣿡
Ư
ҶԵ޵Скʵúܹɣһ˫۾ĽëС˵ģ͸˵ƻһ㡣
ŶϢˣŷţҶߴһ䷿˵
֪ˣСкӦһҶӻֵټ
İɣӣҹֶͿѻԶǣ
СȥıӰҶɱŨ




1685 һƱ
ҹʱ֣ţշ·īȾһ㡣
һӰҶķ䴰зɳһһ޾ĺҹ֮С
꣡
һըף绮˺ڰ̼䱩裬ųһƬĻ֮С
ڸһҶһһ㣬ڳдУܿһС۾ӵĵط
ৣ
Ҷһֱ֣׳һ˸˴죬ƽ˵ˡ
˭

ۣ
漴Ҷ֮Уʱ洫΢СĲҺϸȻ֣ᷢȫڸˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ߳ջһ˸˴죬ƺѪζֻǱܿͳ嵭ˣ˭Ҳûзκε쳣
ʱҶһ۾ӵأмᾫӢʵڵ֮䣬ҲͳƵһǴͶǴ
ʵСУͨ˵оɰˡ
Ȼ
Ҷ׳һ˸˴ʱǵѾעˡ
û˿⣬Ҷɱһ㣬ս壬ʮǿȫɱһ©
ڰǼĴΧ£Ҫնܡ
ǰΪҶ׼ģһ˸˴ɱϢ֮⣬Ҷռлһɱ
ԭҶڰǵļ£ǴˣݰԼ˵ǧɱ۵ɱһּɱ󣬿Ԫתǧ򻯣ɱأûָ㣬κ˶ɱƽ߳ʥǿ߶⡣
ܹסʥǿߵɱ󣬵ȻͬѰҶҲֻܴˣҲһǿ߲ԼĶ֡
ϻڳ˯۱ҲܶãֻܱⲻԸ
ɱ󣬼һǿҪԼĶ֣֮£Ҳ˷ֶΡ
һ˸˴ڱκϢ޷ͳȥҪ˵ˡ
ʱ󣬹ųг˳֮۾ӵľݵȫγǿ߱Ҷһնɾ
һ̣˼һ㣬ɢɱŨϢ
ʱһ׼ûƬ֮⣬ϵϢŨ
Ҳһ㣬ÿɱһˣϵϢŨһ֣ȻĺɫԲ˲٣ɱˣܵϢԾɷǳŨ
ϢģҶϿգ̽ʶȥ̽ожᾫӢ֪һǿ߾ʲôط
Ϊ˸ȥֵֶܱͿԶųǵͨˣҶһҧһƱģ

һ˸˴֮УӭչǰҲ˿Ӱ죬ȫˡ
䣡
Ҷһ£ɫһʯݺݵĽĽɳһ
ʲôˣ
ȴһӰգᾫӢˢһ½ҲΧһ˫Ĺâ
ηСȻޣԼ˶ϰɣҪԶ֣ˡ
һҹһ·ƵĳдԵø壬
ҽҶսǵģǵĹأʤ뿪Ҷȵ
Ҷ
һ㶣˭֪ҶѾ͵֮ˣⱲӶܻˣôֳһҶ

ᾫӢҲͷҶǵӡ̫ˣûвμһεı䣬ȴҲ֪Ҷնɱߣǿ˶սˡ
ҲһսŲòݷҶһ֮סǣڵѾ츲صı仯ˡ
׷嶼ˣ˸ոճʵ֮⣬˭Ķ֣

һᾫӢЦҲǲҶðģҲɡ
ûǣ·㲻ߣգꡣ
֣ɱⲣ
һͨС·һǿ˵
õĥʯǳְɣðҶҲЩ£ҵǹƥĴǳıӵˡ
߲ûг֣ȻҶһĥʯ
Ҷһ˸˴һҲûзϣΪã˽ɡ
һ˸սһֱǿûˣΪһأһһ
һϰɣ
ҶҲ֪ЩʿǾԲܸƽһսĻᣬҲûڿࡣ
ÿСӣɱ㣡
һǴһƢ꣬ҶԣʱͲסˡ
һɱ˭Ҳ׼֣Ǹҹȥպ鷳ǴĿ࣬ڷ磬˫ƣⷢ
ȻڳᾫӢţôһ˵붯ֵҲͣ
㲻Уǻһǿɣ
ҶҡҡͷĿǴһۣ˵
׿֮ĳɼʵҶ൱𾴣ܹռݾƵľ±ֹ°Ȿ˵һмȺŹˡ
һ
ǴŭйâһһɽУݺݵҶͷȥ
һⲫ͵壬ȻĿǰ֪ĸģʣǳֿɽرһ࣬ûǿ޷նġ
ˣ
ҶڱۣɫȭͷһС̫һ㣬ݺݵڿɽϣǿɽۿɼٶȿٹѣΪһѷӿ׹䡣
˻
һʿ̲סһһȭԬεĿɽˣǶôֲ
ಣ
ţҶͣһͻ˿ռƣһԬεǰһȭֱӽԬδ˸ԴȭͷƱѪա
飡
ԬδһըӣҶһץסֱĨɱˡ
⡭
ɱ
ΪԬα𣡡
УһȺǿͬʱҶ˽鱦ɣһʥ˺ѿռ䡣
գһҲҪŻ뿪
ҶХһչ壬ſ򷨲մȭ棬ҵȭâһ㲻ϵո
䣡
Ҷϱ޾ϢҹŹģԼûʶ
ʲô
ŨϢ

˶ˣҶڣԼû뵽նɱ߰ʮ徫Ӣ֮ڵϢȻ˳
ɫϢͬһ޿ײ뵽һڣƻǵ
ʱҶ֣ԼڵĺڰɫԲƺ׳һ֣Ծɱƽ⣬ٵ׷תš

һڷµЩСǣǲ
һĻһֱûгֵǸһǿŻˣһ𾪵ĿŸ߿ϵҶ૵˵ˡ




1686 һ
ͬĵˣҲ⡣
ֻ֪ɱ¾ȡʱ򷢳Ϣ棬˵ǶħеĶħʡ
ŨϢ߱־ԵĹֶΣһĻǼֱ˵ѽˡ
һ㶼ǵֵģһֱһȺ
κ˵ﶼѵĴʣһκڰңʧأҲͬʧء
ﹲͬѣҲǼԸἰĽɡ
Ҷ˿ȴ֣ϢԼû˿Ӱ죬ܹΪԼãϢκﶼżǿɱ
ǻʲô
ΪɱˣֱӳŴ߶Ϣй
ȭϢɱʱ徫Ӣ½һ㣬ϴеȥˤࡣ
ǿ壬ûķ£Ӹ߿׹һܲ
ס֣
ۿһ׷ڷһǿҲסˣһȣֱһȭҶȥ
ৣ
Ҷڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣչ׷ǲԭһӰһ
ϰӣȻ֮¡
Ҷһ䣬һߴռȡɱ̨ǰŻѪ̻ģǿҺײá
ˢˢˢ
Ҷһ̨׳˲һǿΧһɱ󣬽ɱ֮ڡ
ߣСС󷨣ҲܵסϷô
Գһʮģߣ۾һ㣬˫ֹϥһֻˡ
ƣ
һ˫һչҪǿȻһɱͻأĳֱ֣ӽӻ˷ɻңÿ죬¾Ͳӵˡ
ǰǲοǧɱ۵ɱóģȻʵ򣬵Ҳƽġ
һĻҶʱˣɱ䣬һľӢɱ

ܶʿǶˣʼɢӣϣܹȥֻҪʱɣƾԾˡ
ҶǿֻҪӳ֮ɽһ꣬ͲҶҵǡ
ܷʵܹǸɣ
ǵϣܿˡѾˣҶһ˸˴֮ǰκҲ롣
ȻǴˢŨѪζҶֱѪһȭǿҲסֱӱ
£ںܶͽ˵ǲǰһĻĻҾ绹ǽסˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻĽ˵طסˣҪն첻
οյ̨Ҳӵеģһ̣ܶʿˡ
һ̣Ҳᵽ屻ɱʱ־ˣޱȻ֣̻̲̿ա
ֵȴζٻҪǸо尾УҶһħһѪħ
ɱʿ˿ûκɷǳᶨᣬһӦеı
಻ǷǳΪʲôôǿ
ѡѵҶ
飡
ҶһȭһǴֱӱҲ֮Ĩɱˡ
һϢƮҶֱˣһĻúֱܶӱˡ
ټһϾˣʱһ֮࣡
ɱвϽš
ɱÿһҪܴĴۣﵽ߾ҲЩԲˡ
ȴܷǱһɱĨɱˣǼֱǳ裡
֪ǰǲǧɱ۵ɱ󲼿̻ģܹһۺһʦ֮£ֱϵٹ⡣
ۣ
һҶԡУһȫɱˣϴȥϵѪ
һսնɱô壬ջķᡪҲʯҩ֮ĶҶ˸ѹ˸ɾ
϶·
ѹսƷҶһ߽ɱ֮УհǴڸĿھܿɱеɱ⣬߿ٱƽ
СӣɱһӢգ
֪ȫˣҶûʱɱ
ҼǵʱŶô˵ģǶˡҶĻش
㡭Ҷôǿлģһ𾪣˵ģʣһҶˡ
ǧɱ۽Ҵӻġ
ҶشĻתһ룬ţ֪ǧɱۻţǻô
ҲҪŵģô˵Ǿ۰ͻģ
ĵǧɱҹʱڵĴۣѾϰˣ㾹Ȼ˵ģǿЦ
ϾЦˡ
Ҷ뵢ʱ䣬ȻǱ裬ʱԾĹȥˣۿͿˣ֮ǰս
׽٣
Ҷһ𣬽һ壬жʱһƬ׵磬Ҷȥ
СӣҸû꣡
߱׵ϴֻһ㡣
ܵɱƣǱ
Ȼ
û
ҶɱסߣͲֻɱɱߣ߸λ󶯣ȴ޿κΡͽӽҶȭâҲɱˡ
ҶС֣㲻ǿб¾͸Ϸⲫֻһֻ֣
߱ɱޱңûһõطˣɵŭ
ԶˣźͿˣⲫ˵óڣͬĻһֻ־㣬һ߾ϰӣ߳һ󾳽磬ȻҪⲫ
䣡
£ҶɱٵɱۼһݺݵĺߵϣֱӴ

߲ҽһڲԶĿ𺣬޲ܽҶ̻ˡ
ҿΣɱУҿɱһΣ
ҶҲˣһδεĿɱɱߡ
գҶɱ˵ϵ׵磬£߻˷ɻҡ
ҶС֣ݵţҲ˶ˡ߲ʵŭ
ġ
Ҷһȥɱ󣬽̨սռС
ʱһξѪͻȻһ͸ӰߣһξѪӹ˱һ٣
Ҷɱ̳֣֮ȥ
˿̵ֻʣˣͲҶֻ֣˵ˡ
أ
Ҷһüѿɵӡ˲ɳһӺ͸ϡ
໡
߲ҽһ걻׻ɱˣ
һա
Ҷǿƻع飬ǹƥѪϴ壬նɱһ߾
𶯣




1687 ˼
ųһս֮ǰ˶֪ҶڵԺһؾбһϵĴ̨Ͷˣ˵͵֮ȥˣһӶˡ
Ȼ
ҶˣҸһֱһ䶯Ĵ£һ˵һռݵĹųǣȫ˹ųһȴûͨܵκβ
ʲôôܣҶľȻһǿ߶ɱˣ
ǿ߾ǿ߰˵ȸʥصʥҲ̫ϳϵʵˣôģ
Ϣһʱûһţ̫ˡ
֪Ҷһ˶ʮߣĴг˷ͷ˵һ֮ŤתǬ
Ȼ
һһ߾һǿߣݣʥص̫ϳȥҲϢĽȫɱ
ȻҶȴˣܲ˸е𾪣
ļųӭһһʿڶʿû֤
ƵĳһƬƬʬǿƺŵѪζ޲˵һĻĻҴս
˷׷Դ
һʿʩչͨԭҹ龰ȻЩģǻܹҶչӡ
оˣ
ǺܶʿڿһĻͬҶΪʿһ
һЩԹҶط˿ȴûзκ͵ǲ뿪ڣǲ֪˵Щʲô
ܵѹʱûκΪԹҶվ˳Ϊһ˵ʲôˡ
ϢĶҲˣһһֱ˳˳ˮ˿ûнʿ
ȻҶʵж֤Ծɲַ
̫
һ۾ӵصУһĿ࣬ʥһƽǰĵķ飬
ӣʲô㣿
Աһߴʵ
ɱ
˵һҪһնɱȥ飬ʿ࣬ҾͰսɱҶΪֹ
õģūȥ׼
ߴӦһϢȥˡ
ŭˣҶһ֮Ϣų壬һһǿ߶ûӳҪѪѪʿ

䣡
һպգһǹһ۾ӵĳ˷棬ͨ˺ʿڷֻӴе֮С
Ҷһľݵ㣬׼ŭλӣϧǨŭڶ޹ˣҲҪҶƳն֮
ҪңҪ־͹ҶˣһжɵģӶҴʿ˵
ڹȥЩһûзŭˣҪʬѪɺӣ
䣡
ңһ·ɱ޼ɵ̤ΪƽأѪȾأϱ۲֫ɳŸǸΪƽء
ǳ򸹵أ干ߣɱ䣬ʮţѪ
һжֻΪЩŶɱƻ֮Уÿһţڶֱӻӵɽš
ѪȾգ̾ЩűѪϴֻӴе֮Уʿɱ¾ƬʬǺ£˴Ŀġ
Թ죬Ȼ˸ŭԣ̫ǿˣʮţȴһ˸վ
սɱûй˵սɣ
ϣ˻ģһָӵ̬ȶһʿ˵
ǲú
ʿ˫Ѫˣۼˡ

һһǹǸʿڵϣ漴һǹˣʿʬˡ
ѪϣЦͷһ£Ѫ⣬Ϥζ
һ֮䣬սط壬ʮţʿɱ
Ⱥûֱ̫ˣͨҲҪɱֱԣ
һжʿУξȻͨҲҪɱ
о˷ָ
ܶʿվԼĿȻûֿӣⲢվӡ
Ȼ
ͬʱҲһЩȻ෴ЩԳʿʿǲӴɱ䣬ɱʿͨˣҶӦó֣Ӧһݵ㡣
ҶιжŵһвҾķҶΪһжΪҶĳִ̼ӶɵģҶӦöѵЩȫΡ
˭ãƫƫȥӣôǵ𣿡
ںˣǳˣǨŭͨʿôվ
ƥ֮£Ӧúƽദ໥ɱɱȥʲôʱǸͷ
ЩνʿӵӺǿսɱ¾ʿŲʣװû
Ҷһ֣ȴ˳ָҶӦľ۾ӵء
ǿһеĺҶóȻжɵģΥƽദĻԭӦɱл
һʱ䣬۴󻩣˵ʲôĶУͦҶΪΪϡ
ҲЩνʿվʥ˵ĸ߶ȣָҶоΪʿѡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ̴۵ķ˼⣬УЩνʿǵҲõһʿϿɡ
һЩ˵£۽ҶָԽԽߣЩòȻʿҪҶƾӴãƽϢŭ
ҶӢۣ
ʱ򣬾۱ׯȻͬʱվͦҶΪûʲôҪʲô
սΪɱʿǰǸûдƽһҪĵͳ˴θɱ޹Ѿĵߡ
ȻһЩνʿǵʱС˺ܶ࣬ȴûȫʧԾĴ˵Ҷ
Ҷ˾޴
ׯ;۱󲻾ãԺ͵ԺҲվ˳˵ҶӢۣסһߣѾȫˣĵλڣϺڣ
һΣҶҲںϣΪʿκ˲з飬干ͬĵˣ˵ö֮
Ժ͵ԺҲǵλȻĴ˿ȵڵ֮ϵ˼
ĴȻͬʱͦҶʱЩνʿƻˣһ˸ͷıˡ
Ҷһº󣬳룬ʤܣ
ƽϢӸҶս顣
ӵսܿ㴫˶ڵȴҶĻӦ
սҶܿ˻Ӧ
ֻ֡
·




1688 غϵһս
Ӹշս飬ҶǿӦսϢ籩һϯ
ҶӮ𣿡
ܶ˶ΪҶһѺʵӣѪ˫ֵõʵ洫ʵǿ
ȻڲǴѣȴȫʵԽնɱ߾ڵǿߡ
Ҷʧ֮ǰŲڶѣľ绮ҲһǴľ磬ҲܹԽսܹͬԽսӣʤʵڲߡ
ҪһǣһʵӣҶǾ۸˲֪ٱĴˣһѪܱ֮ʸǿ
粻磬ʵ磬Ѫ磬ҶʲôӾʤܣ
ںܶ˿һս¾ҶһսˡܹһͻƵڣôһϣ
ȻҶǿȴ󲿷ֵʿҪǿ󣬵Ͼ壬ǿһҲ
涼ƣҶȴǿӦսˣܶʿãҶΪǿͷ
񰡡
ҵ־Ҳ̾ϢҶȷǿھ۵ѪУǿˣз
Ȼ
Ҷӵľ̫ˡ
Ըӡ磬ҶͬһսҶûκλᡣ
һعĻƾҵԿڶʱһ磬ϧ
־̾ϢһҶܻع飬ܹҶȥ
Ҷʵ̫ˣҶһξ޴Ĵ
֮ңҲֻѡҶһҲľڡ
Ͼǵ۱ֻҪҶսˣֶοԽھнؼ塣
ӱʤ
ձ鲻Ҷȴǣܶǿ߷׷ΪӼʹΨһǿȴʲôҲû˵
Ǽţս޲ʤģԴӳңܵûκһʿֵܹ
һЩһǿߣֻʥص̫ϳ϶սʤܹսʤҲȡ
ǸҶɣ
⻹˵һ϶ѣʲôʸӵĶ֣
ûͲӵĶ֣ܹң
ЩʿǷ׷׳ԣųһΪӼʹҲдҶġ
ΨдҶӳĺ׷Ĭ֪ҶǿΪʮ֮һҲǻǿˣҲԽսʵ
ȻҶУսˡ
Ȼ˿ӵʵ˿ȴûкʿһͬ塣
սһµʱ䣬ɱʮ֮ҲˣΪҲ֪̫ܰˣһһǿֵ߳ĻǳҲס
֮伣ˣ֪չ
ͬʱԺϲ;۱ϸͬʱҵҶѯʵСһսмɵİգ
ҶҡҡͷĿǰΪֹһûۼνӣ֪ʵжǿԣҪ˵мɰգҲ˵á
ɣ
ϲ̾˿˵һĹŻʵӣһжǿ壬ӵкǿ츳ͨжϣĿǰӵľӦڣҲǴʵȴܹԽնɱ߾ڵͨʿ
ĿǰڶѣܹͬԽնɱߣսʤϣԾɷǳãҿ㻹ȫڰɣܹɹƾʵܹŤתǬǲͻƵڣһսҲûҪˡ
ôǿôҶü
ȷʵǿ˵һǿսСսһµʱ䣬ӦͻƵڡһʱκ˶㣬ԴʹãҪʲô㾡ܿڡ۱ϸƷ˵
ûΪϣһԺ͵Ժ۱ׯȫ֧㡣
ϲ˵ҪԪصıʺͷԣҾãӦٴȥ֮ؾȥϾԪغ󣬸Ԫضǳ棬Ӧܹһͻơ
Ҫʲôҩʯܿڣǻ뾡һа취ġ۱ϸٴѡ
ǶһսҲ⿴أ
һսϵϺ͵λ
ȻΪӣȴûʵؽȣΪ˼һҪָյٹ⣬峹ײڽ¡
۶ǶǺؽģػ£干²Ѳˡ
һۻʣּ̧ǣҪһ黹
壬֮ԾɴڣϢΪۻûиϾɱ
ȴһƺűܵĵӣһӵǿʵ֮ĺпܻһ
Ӿ粻ȶ֮һǷǳҪĲȶأ֤ɻˣĻὫĵͳȫĨɱӴ彫Ϊū
ȻҶҲ˻Ӧ
ϲ;۱ϸҵҶ֮ǰѾγ߰˸ݵ㣬նɱǧʿ
һ˸˴ڱҶߺŵ֪ȴ޷ܳһжĿ꣬ΪҶȫģҲ֪һĿʲôط
ϲ;۱ϸƷĽ֮Ҷ˳˼
ʣһս۶廹ǶӰ춼ǳԣݲðʧҪ۷״̬ȥӦս
գҶϲĽ飬ֹͣıȥ֮ؾбչأȡһڳԽڵļޣȻͻƵڡ
ÿһ磬ԽޣҶԼĿҪ
ԼĹ覴ãӶɾǿԼ
Ļڱ͵֮ǰͻˡ
ҲΪȻͣսֲԽսͬԷˮһ򵥡

Ժĵ֮ؾһԺĵڿޣڶԺϽʦڽ̵ЩԸʥӻߵ崫˵
ҶĵЩ˴һ
ȻҶعϢѾ紫ˣǵ֮ؾԺ֮ؾһһȫյĿռ䣬ǻ֪ҶѾعϢ
ôģʲô£
ܶԺĵӺϽʦΧҶʶҶΣֻýϲ̸һ˵˵һ飬
û˵ģҶ֮ؾԺԶ㿪ţԪغãȥɡ
ڵ֪ҶӾս֮Щ֮ؾеʦ͵ϲپˣǴߴȥԪغȥԪصķͱʡ
Ϊ
һսغϣ


1689 ɼ
֮ؾ
ԪغйΪ˸μɫ˸ŹâŨԪϢ
ǺܶʿıչʥءΨԪرʺͷ򣬲ͻʵ
ÿһԪڶеԺĵĬĬ͸Ԫصķ
һЩפڵ֮ؾеϽʦҲϲԪغбչأǽԪطͱȫ͸ǿ߲Ųˡ
Ҷһ·̵Ƶ£ܿԪغ֮У˿˿ƵԪطһϡ
һΣԾɺǰһˮԪؿʼ
ˮˮԪΪƽ͵ģͬʱҲģҶˮԪغռ򿪣ʱ١
˿̣ҶһַǳΪ״̬֮Уʱ·ֹһϵĸˮԪصıʺͷ
գǿ
ҶԺͻȻֳ˸֣·ץˮԪطͱʵĺġ
ţ
һ̣ˮԪغˮԪغΧĵԺһɴ۾֪ʲô¡
ʱҶ򣬶ˮԪصıʺͷһˡ
ˮʯڳ־ã
ˮôǿȴܹδʯͷˮԪصıʣСϪ丶ҲŭΣֱ졣
ˣ
ҶͻȻһŴ۵ĹâһˮԪصȻû֮С
ˮԪصķĸˣԤʾҶˮԪصһ㡣
ˮԪصĺ֮߳ҶľԪصĺ֮Уַ
Ҷ½ľԪءԪءԪغͽԪءԪءԪصȣջ
ȻѾоԼѾˣսҲһЩǿôһ㡣
ÿһ£
ҶԼĿҪ
ΨŲ覴ãӶÿһ綼޵УɵԽս
ʱţҶԪغջ񣬵ûн¡
ΪˣҶûмͻƣǼֵȵºͻƣ覴õĻӰ·
žսʱٽҶпʼһЩǡͻƣʵӭӵսֲԼԭ
ҶԽǽǣԽ޷Ȼ͸޷ˡ
ż֮ؾʦ͵ҲŽһʱ䶼ҪȥˣҶôûͻƣ
Ҫ֪ӿڵʵҶС磡
һ죬ԺһϽʦ߽ԪغУҵҶ
ʱ͵˾սӣӦóȥˡϽʦ˵
ȻѾˣ㻹ûͻƵڣԲӦսģƳһʱҲԡϽʦҶ
Ϊ֪Ŀǰ־£Ҷʤʵڲߣ
ҶһĿеӢۺͷᱮ˿ʧսܱɱһһ޴Ĵ
ˣȻѡӦսھ;ܱܶսҶϽʦĻȻ˵
ԼܱܶսѡĻԼᱻʿҲ屻峰Ц
ҪǣΪ̫ǿͱܶսǶԼ޵һ޴Ĵ
ǲȥη֮ģ֮ĺ־ѺۣȻħǵպӰ쵽֤֮ġ
һʿҪʲô
޷Ǿһ֤֮ģ
Ϊս֤֮ĳѺۣǾҪġ
ңһսΪԼΪ˾Ϊ̫ʥӹ껡Ϊǡ
ԣһսҪȥҪȥһҪӮ
뱻ʿų򣬸뱻˴ǡ
ʵ⣬һսҲҪеţϾ䣡
⣬ԼڣʵǷȱһһֻҪˣɽ£ʱԷĵͻˣ
ӵĴսпܼԼǱѰҵǸ
Ͼս֮ǻͻƵĲš
вǿ߶սжͻƵģ
ðɡ
Ҷ飬ԺϽʦ̾һͬʱҲһЩο
ΪһˣȻ֪ҶѡܶսԽ·жĪ
ȥ
һˣϽʦ㲻Ȱ˵ǴҶ֮ؾһ̨뿪
лл
ҶʾлͬʱǵͷԭäĿͻơ

ڶϲڳɽ֮УΧŨյԭʼ֣Ψгϴݲʯͷɫģ·Ѫˮݹһɱ֮
սʱ䣬ھǧһųѾвʿϵˡ
ƽʱûжСǶʱ־ƵͿջΪһЩӶʿ
һսܽΣСеľǵǷһСƣⶼ𱬣ƽʱؤԵ⣬һϲƵӡ
ѣû뵽Ҳˣ
ǰ㲻Ҳһսغϣܲ
ҶӢۺӵľս˭ʤ㣿սʿʵ
˵ҸлҶӢܹʤϾǴһʵɲ⣬Σڻò²⡣ʿһ˵
ų洦ɼǾݣǿջ꣬ڴ·ҲһսԤһս˭ܻʤ
Ҷĸ޷ӿ⣬һֻ־ѹ
ûһֻ϶ѣһҲ޷;ᲢۣûʸӵĶ֣
Ҳˣźܶǿߣʿۣ׷׳Ա⡣
ҶһǶҶһ裬Ƕ裡
һΪúܶʿλ󶯣ŭĿӡ
Ȼ
ʿڿԶֻ֮ܽŭǿѹ˿̲˶֣ЩƣҪŭʿøһֵĽڡ
սڼӿ϶Ҫһ˿˭ǰǵ»
ӱʤ
һҲԣһš
ԭӵĸףʱڳնɱԼƽǿĶ֣һ·߸ͽ֤ɻʡ
ѡһطҶս丸׵ٹ⣬һ岻ܵ񻰡
ԭѹӻѡڳΪսص㣬ĺ䶾Ҳ
ʿȻ򣬷׷ΪҶѪⶫǳأ˭Ҳ޷̽⾿ȷһЩصϵ
۱ӣҶӢһҪͻƵڰûһϣ
ܶʿĬĬΪҶ




1690 սǰ
峿һϼҫڳϣһɫϼ¡
һ˼ĳͷܶӰӰ´£ʿڲϸ
Ҫ֤һǿײʵӣʵɲ⣬ӵǿĹŻʵϵѪһо
ҶȻǴӣȴͬɲ⣬ǿŻӹɶսˣŲӳ͡
ıдʣһ֮ʮߣΪӮ˱ӮϣӮ˺ƽ
ԣһս岻һʿܶһǿҲˣǶܹעһսĽ
ղѿһӶ߳ȫͣ˰УΧˮйͨ

һϵһɫսУɾս϶һСɿݵߣ˫ۿϼо˸
Ҳˣ뢣ʵɲ⣬һӵһ˿Ѫ
֪ĵϸС˵˳ܿ㴫롣
ھĳΧվŰ˸׳Ӷʥǿߣɢ޾ѹ
Χգûκ˸ҿʥλʥӣ治һĴ
ͬ壬ҲûԸһǿûߵľվһ
̫һԽԽˣ۱ߡԺϣԺϲˡ
ǵܶʿʱһղűǿѹȵǼ
𣡡
ħ
һźһħںħڵҲˡ
һŷͷʮ⣬²һֵ˴֣һ·ġ
Ƕܿƣûֺǻָ֮ˣÿһγһڶ
λס֣ҪӰյľսΣϲǰм䣬Ƿֿ
ͬʱҲӲ˹ŷһǷŴͨħڵһɱУδһ±㻯ˡ
𣡡
ŷһţĬĬ˿
ðɣϣٴȱͺ¿
ħڵǿҲ¶ݣȥЩ԰ף˫ڶһ㡣
ͣһѾ˲ˣ嶼Уǿս塣
巽Ҳ˲ˣĸʥض˵μ
ҶƾʲôӾսͲӵĶ֣ҳ־ܽնɱ
ûɱţһֻ϶ѣһŲˣ
˵ǿսа׻һʨһǴ츳ˣߵúܽ˿̳ԣҶʿġ
һʲô壬߹ѣ
ʨĶǴҲǸոճزãǳţ˿ûнҶ
ӵӰ£Ҳͬûнʿ֮ǰսʿЩڵǿߣȻȴͬɱˡ
͸ŵ棬ΪʿˣǱһҲͬĶ֡
ͳأȻû˿ֱǲһ
׻һĴҲ˵
ҶģûУӳ֣Ҿܹն㣬
ʿҲ׷׹ЩǺߵıȽϽʿ
һʿ϶ѣƾʲôۣŪʦڣҵȳ־Ϳն
һߣǧΧһټۣͲҶΪԳ֣ǳ־㹻ˡ
ʱڵ岿ҲвӦ
һʱ䣬ʢ˼㣬δѾô˵ؿ
˵ĺͲӦս
뵱ȲȦѪʳѣٹѾԶˣ
һЩʿ׷״Ĵ̣úܶʿŭɶ
һȺնǣ
ʯҰʵ̲סˣŴӾ˹ȥ
˭
׻һʡ
ӽʯҰȺĶҪӰĴսʯҰ͵˼㡣
ĿΪԹޣЩǿȻѾΣϻ޵Ѫ˵Щ˾
ȻǾս
ղŽǼǿ߳Цǰ
һȺѣһɱǣ
ʯҰһеʯȥ
Ȼͬʱ⼸ǿ֣߳һʯ˸ʥԣɽնˡ
ۣ
һ죬һǿ߱ʯҰһˣѪอӸһء

ǿ߲ҽһ궼ĥˣڷ
һУʯҰһǿߣú˵һ
ⳡսһǰѾȻҲõϢ˿ǰΪҶʹġ
ֻǵڻûҶӰǼţҶ϶ģ̫˽ҶԸˡ
ӦҲȻģҪ˵ӰԶһսˡ
𡭡
׻һǴһ׻ͬʱһԻצҲʯҰǰץȥ
ͬʱʨһǸǿͬüѿһۣһ⣬ʯҰȥ
ȥ
ʯҰһʯճ˷糵
ۣ
ǿߴǣʥʿڷ
ţܣײ뵽׻һʨһм䣬һһȫˡ
֮䣬ǿȫʯҰһѪȾ˴ء
Ҷ
׻һеһߴһһʯҰĹȥ޴գķ·ǳ˸
һʵˣʯҰǾèҲɡ
Ȼ
ʱҲˣһֻëĴڿкͰ׻һ߶һƣͬʱʯҰ˻
岻أҪս𣿡
׻һһ޹˵
϶㻹ҪҪСҰһǲأҪսǷ㣬´ɣԵ˵
Ұ׻һѪܰҪһǿ˵
ûʨһҲҪһʨһҲ˽
ղǾǽ
ǿƻӦ˿á
ˣҪӰս
ʱվ˳׼۵ѹ˲ȫ
ǾȡҪȡˣҪҲ
׼ʳҲˣɨ˰׻һʨһ˵
λ׼׼۶ˣ˭Ҳӣ
׻һʨһֻǿ
ԺΪʯҰıϵ׼ѹʱʵ࣬ٽ
һʱ䣬廹壬Ĭصȴλǵĳ




1691 Ҳ
ʱȥϵԽԽˡ
ϵºѹѹһƬԶգľԻ쾡ͷɣں֮ͬһϹħһ㣬ĮĹעųս
廹壬оǿ֣ɼһսӳ̶ȡ
ʱѵҶϣ𣿡
һ쳹룬һħƬضһ󶶶
ӳˣ
һƬ˶գۿһξս֮һ
ӵѪһʵһ㣬ڳϣɢʥ⣬Ѫ罭ӱڣ˾η
ĸߴ󣬺ڷɢ䵽䣬гҰԵĹâʮɵʵʻâǡ
һǿߣģ˭ΨҶţʮ㣬˻ϡ
Ҷʱѵȴҳ֣ѵǾѪ𣿡
ɣʡΪʲôУױȵۣ
һǿ߽£м˸ԽսƣػģҶƣһжΪȡʤ
ղʯҰһٴӽ˶ˣڳ׼ڴˣҲ̫ˡ
񣬴սʼ޹˼ɣҶ߲˼ȻҶ޵֮ģԼǿĺ񶾡
ҶϣҲˣ㲻ӵ¾սˣһԽ£
һǿ߲ϵĽȻȴûκλӦҶûг֡
ҵҲٵȻû
峿һֱȵ磬ɴȵ˰ֱյʱҶԾûг֡
ȵ˶ЩͷˣʯҰ˵ȶҶΪ˽֮⣬˶ʼֹ
ĪҶıսˣ
˵ĻɾͶˡ
һ̣ܶʥǿߵɫѿһĲϵ³
ҶϿ϶֪Уˡ
ûֻϽսʱȴҳˣֱǶ
Ҳϲһ𣿴Ӯʹ򣬴Ӯ£һ硣
һ죬ҲûҶ֣ЩʿǶʱ˷ܵǴ˼Ѫһ׷׷Ҷ
ǿһǴĳˣս֮⿿ͷŵһżͷڹ꣬ҳˡ
ĹƨҶôܲҸǣҶӲνʲôƨӣұؽڽǵնɱڴˣ˴
ţҶһģû϶µˣûҵطϾطɽУҲôҵģʱ䵢·Ҳδ֪
١
һǿЦţ˭ᰡ˵ɵҲûбھͳ֣ڳˣҾջظղŵĻ𣿡
ӦսǲӦս˵ٶҲǽڶѡ
һǿҲͣҶ֮¡
Ҽ˭ΪԺҶģ
ȺУһֱĬŵͻȻˡ
ʲôǿǿ˵
ѽʲôʯ֮ǲȤҪǶ㻹ࡣ
һȺʿ壬ҲˣɫǰŮܶĶ˵һŮ

˫ᶨĹâ³֣һڶʿĶը죡

һŮӣȻΪҶ
ѵôҶô
ܶʿв⣬ͬʱҲΪľеֵҶȷǿһֱڶûг֡
۱ĸжһ˿ǣϾŮҪǳʲô⣬ڿɾˡ

գҲаһ֪̾ԭѾͷ֪ҶܽȴĸԸĸں
㣬㡭
˶û뵽龹ȻҲ֪һŷϵҶϣɵõĵĿһۡ
ʲô˵ˣҵľţһġƽ˵
⡭
˵Ҳ˵ˣֻܱ졣
ǱҲסˣǺηǲ׼ģǺһòŮӶǴδй
ԥһһʼͽҶܸߵãͶҸģ
˵꣬´һ£Ŀ̰а֮ǰҶûгֵĻɾҵˣһὫȻˣҵϡ
ģรɣȻҶˣն㣡˷ŭ˵
ȴƽûΪߵĻаϵĲ·û˵Ĳһ
ʱһһţ̫ͮͮ׹ɽֻʣһˣɫϼеƶҫһ㡣
ô
˺ʯҰ˲ϵתȦţӶ쳤ˡ
һЩԾûаʾƺ붨һƶˣɢǿϢ
ҲһЩǿ򣬵ȴҲԵý겻ѣʱۿҪȥˣҶ֮ǰûеĻǶһĴ
Ϧһϼ⼴ƽߵʱ߳˷ˡ
ΪҶǲ֮ǰˣԲˣһĴŮˡ

߿Цѣ˵С椣ǱүˣѵҪڲɣ
СǺù
֪ҸˣСӼ˸ˣ
ܶʿ׷Ľʺޣ޲òԼͬʱԸղŵԥеֺڡ
ӮĶľ֣ԼȻԥºˣһĴŮȻ˱˵ĻΪ˱˵ܲǺڵڵѪ
ڻû֣Ĳˡ
ܶʿ̾ϢͬʱҲҶΪû׼ʱԼʱ𣿻Ǳԭ
ʲô˰ɣвƣеϦҲ˵׼ġ۷׷ףֲ²ⶼС
¾۱ʥŮҪùˣô˿أҪҲˡ
лʲôã϶ᱻϧˡ
Ҳвʿڵˣ壬ԤʾѾˣòʿԼ
ɫ㣬ǳȻ۱ʥŮ֪Ƕʿе£Ȼȴ
һ̣ʱ·һһؿԶ
šţһΰϤӰȻ֣
յϣȾһսһ㣬żᶨĲ
Ϧ¡
ˡ
̲סЦˡ
һЦǣȴҲ˫ۡ




1692 һƳ鱬
Ϧ£ҶӰһսһԡϦų
Ҷˣ
һ̣ʿڵӪ죡
Ҷˣûй˵
һʿм㷢Ǽ
ҶӰǶһ˵ȫƽֻЩͶеʿɫĸѿ
Ϊ壬ȴūӥȮͲʲôʵ飬Ҷˣ޹⣬ʤˣǸΣһʱм䣬ҲǣҲǡ
ǣЩʿǾֱӶˣһǿ˵ôȫӵĶ֡
٣һڵϣȻеǰǲ֪˭һһǿĲҶɢڵϢɵЦ˵
һڵϣȻҲҺۣ治֪ǲǳ˴۵ˡ
һϣԶ֣ҲɵĽ£
ڵ֪Ҷڵʱ򣬺ܶʿЦ
ǿͬ£嶼Ķ֣˵ҶСˡ
ĲǾʹͷڹĻû׼󷢴ȱһȴͰ͵ĸ
һƬɣ׷϶ҶӵĶֻ֣Ҫһ֣̾ͻᱻɱ
̫߹ˣһڵ϶ѣҳ֣һЦȫûнҶ
֮ϣɱֻ֣ǳ֣ɱ˰ɣǿԾԾԵ˵
ҶһеӢۺͷᱮܹնɱ˵Ҳһϵҫ
ǲҪ⣬ڴȵʱҶӢͬڣһܹնɱǴΣҲǴľҶӢһܹ£һʿ
ΰɣΰɣΪҲЩĵһǿЦʿ˿Ϊ⣬Ц˵в޶ʿıġ
ܶʿλ󶯣ŵۼ϶ÿ˵ǼҲһ˵˽ȥ
Щʿϲһǿߵıȴ
û뵽һУҶȻûͻƵڡ
һҶʤļʿ˵üССԺԲƵĳ̶ȡ
һսǰǣҶǣ
Ҷսܱɱһ޴ʧǶһĳش
磬ֺʱҶ߽ˣһ˿ҲʧɫС
Ҷӡ
˺ʯҰӭȴʲôҲûʡ
ǶԣҶˣõĴ𰸣֮ǰʲô֮ʱ̸ϵս
Ҷӣͣ
Ҷֵܣȫˣ
һεкͼҶʱоԼϵطӱøˡ
һսϵ˵ϵ˺ϣȫԸκʧ
ҶӣΪ˾ֵܱ𰡣Ǳյսɱģ
˸˫ۺᣬ˾Ȼ࣬ȴǴС浽ֵܣֵܣȻȴС
ͬʱҲЩǣҶϾڶѣȻʵԾ̫ϾǺзɵġ
ӵʵѪͨ似ҶҪǿټҲܹԽսǱ˿Ҷѷɫ
㡭
Ҷǰؽһʱһ᲻ߵһ㡣
ղţ˵㲻ҺԻ
Ҷһһˣ˵ɣҼţ뿪ıȻ㣡
㡭
鿴赭дȴȺĻҶǿŷģ͵һ
ܵһֳԽİУ
ָ飬˿Ϊٶ٣
ܹƳ˵ĻҲͬȵ
һ̣ҶյŲ֪дһ϶һֱصз߱ݻˡ滨Цӡĺ
֪ԼⱲӶһˡ
ͬʱҲԼĳĽɿˡ
ʶأǾµƷһľӣʵǸ˭
˭ѾҪˣҪˣ
Ҷϵ¶ȣЦ˵
ұ֪˭ҴҵŮ˵⣡
Ҷն˵
ҵŮˣ
仰ȴһ׻
һ̣ԼĶ䡣
ؿҶǸо·ʡ˵Ůˣ
ҶӣǸһ
ӦǺ˵ĿͶ֮ǰꡣ
Ըķ䣬
Ҷɿ飬Ŀ絶һɨ塣
Ǳô
߲Ȼŭǰйâһһ󵶣Ҷͷȥ
飡
Ҷ˿Ϊ⣬ץס˵УһƳȥ
顪
ۣ
Ѫ쭣
߱ҶһƳ鱬
Ӿ
ߵųڵķȥ
ӣ
ҶһɫǵأһѽץУһ߬ߵ곹׻ҷ
ôĵӣȻҵɱˣ
ɫ࣬ȻûܴҶоԼˣĸ޹⡣
Ըķ䣬ֻǴҵŮջضծѣֵˣҶ˵

ӲȻŭƱǣһҶȥâ쵶һ㣬գնʱ䡣




1693 ·

Ӵһ絶â쵶һ㣬գնʱ䣬ʱն
ţ
ҶһݣʵȻǿ
һбܿóӵʵɲ⡣
䣡
ҶʩչȭݺݵӭӵƵϣһǿâ
꣡
µĳֽһ㣬Ƭ̮ѿһݺύľ޴ѷ졣
飡
飡
飡

һй˼սһԽԽ죬ȫⲫȫͨȫ似ӲӲƴɱ
â죬âҫۣϢϣɫѪҺѪҺϵķ˶һЩˡ
ɱɢ֣
ҶȻУһĳɫգȥֲϢúܶԽʿо˫ȷĹ߾µʿԿס
˫ǿâȵС㣡
˵䣬˫ֺһһ㣬ֱӽɫһ󶴣һȭҶȥ
飡
Ҷܲһȭ˰ӣѪȾգɣһѪ֮ꡣ

Ҷӡ
ʹı˫ۡ
ӸղŵĽҶȫ·磬˫ʵ̫ˣҶƴҲܹת
˺ʯҰ˫ѣ
һĻ̫ˣȻҶз޼¡
ӱʤ
˺
ǱһƬҲⳡУռϷ硣
֮սһ·磬ɱﵣܹ
οӵʵǿҶ
ˣ
Ҷչ׷ǲɲǼԶݣתȫԭ
𣡡
ҶһȣֱӴӳ¾нһһȥ
䣡
ƬɽҶˣȴһٳǰҶսһ
Ҷ˫âԹ۵鿴һĵƣ¾ȻһʯȻʲô󣬵ҲԽһ¡
Ѱİ£Ҷܿ赽˵սȻӴ˸൱ȫĹâţ˴ս龰
ǿѪôȻǿѰθǶ֣ͬȾ翴һжŲ
ҶֵܹѾǸ漣Ͼ֮С硣
𾪲ѣӵʵһµʶһУ»ûĶ֡
ӹȻѪ˫㶼ǵӣҲȹҪǿϲ٣ø¯ࡣ
Ҷ츳ǿҲԲܼôá
Ҷĵƺ޾һ㡣
ÿÿҪֲסˣܱǿɹѹأռ
תۼ䣬ǧѹӽʰһڵϣȻ˷ôʱ䶼ûֱ˼顣
رѣƬɽ뱻ΪƽأһЩط׵ĴϿȣ˴ս֮ҡ

ӽʧȥԣʩչʵһԪҶüļȥ
ˣ
Σʱ̣Ҷſ˾Էİ򣬰ԪطΧγһԲתţԪĥˡ

һ飬˵Ƕķûã

£ٴҶɱȥʥ⣬еͬħһ㣬ɫͷ
䣡
ӵȭͷݺݺҶ֮ϣָƼصۣһӽҶİˡ
Ԫطһûĵ֮С
ۣ
Ҷ̲סһѪɫɷףǿӹˡ
䣡
ӣɱ
һ󻶺Ҷİ򿰳ƾԷûܹƣȴӹˣشܲ˷ܼ
һǿЦҪʵ·ȻҪնһж֡
෴ȴһƬž˶ɵˣ
ҶľԷƵˣһˣһսбҪȥ
ϲһǿߵһҲɫüء
˿̣ĸо˾Ҷһʿǿģ޷սʤӣôһûϣˡ
ҸҪǣһսʤܣܾζ
Ҷӡ
˺ʯҰʧУû˱Ǹ˽ҶһԷİƣҶû˷ϡ
Ҷ
һĶᵽɤۣгŵǡ
̫ǿˣͬ޵У
һЩʿ૵˵
ΪǣĻô䵽ľأȫǾȡһЩνʿ˵
𣿼ΪͷҲһм㣬Թ㡣ӸҶڸϡ
ȻⳡѾʤȯգʲôʱɱҶԡ
ΪΪҲȥܱô˵һУԵԼġ
ҶӦͬʱͻȻԼΪʲôһֱ޷ͻƵڵԭˡ
һֱһǵʼ޷ͻơ
Ǹ飬ΪһֱܾκŮ˵ĸ飬ͯ糿
ֱղţųףǲѹֵģΪĽᣬӰֻ˳ȻܺϺ׳
һ̣еҲĵʧˣһ˿ڽĸһ̾ͱֲˣֱһС
Ȼս
Ҷа̾սŨ
Ȼ˿̻ˣѪ߰ߣҲݣʵȴû̫صˡ
ʮѨе̬ӰѾʵ൱ȱ˶ʮ̥Դ
ʵҲ˵ɱŲҵ̨ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
УһĿҶĽ죬ļգ
ô
Ҷվ۾˵ûˣ

£۵ĹâҶɢһŨԪΧˡ
һſ̺ſֲԪƷʯҶߣǳһ㽫Χм䣬׹
Ҫʲô
ʱ򲹳𣿡
ڿʱ̣Ȼ˼ʯ
˶ԣ֪ҶҪʲô¾ȻóôƷʯ
ȻˣҲһЩʿ۲һһڿˮƷʯʥҲóٵģҪʲô
Ҫʲô
Ҷܿ˴𰸡
Ҫսͻƾ磬ڣب֮Ⱥӣ


1694 ɱ
ʮͷƷʯ˸Ÿֹâ֯һƬѤĿĹâΧҶת
һĻڳˣ
ЩǿҲˣʮͷƷʯ
ǻ壬óҲ۵ˣҶȴԥóôࡣ
ܶʿۺ쵽Ѫˣǹ˼ڳмλ׼۾ǿ򣬿Ѿݵȥˡ
ôҪͻ𣿺ðҵͻƣնɱ̫ûгɾ͸ˣ
ҶѡͻƣȤؿţûгָԤ
ҲӲʾǿʵģ޵еҪͻҾͻƣͻܹ֮նɱ㣡
̫ǿˣƾͻƣȻžԵģҶͻҲԲĶ֡
۷׷ףܶ˶˸֮磬ĺп֤ɻʣΪһʡ
һ˫ʣبδУֱǿ󵽿£
ϲһ̫ԸҶͻƵĻᡣ
һʱ䣬˶û˵ȫؿųϵҶ˿ѾƷʯɢԪΧˡ
ŨԪγһ޴ļӣУɱ䣬ֻƼ뻯һ̡
顭
һ죬һſƷʯѿ촷ۣԪȫҶˡ
УҶׯϣϲޱ·еһж֮Ժˣһһ㣬ΨʢѪŭһϴˢľ塣
ž
Ҷһ죬ڲӨĹ·ƽһ㣬һ͸ޱȡ
ϴ衢ëѪѹǣ
Ҷڹһ˾ʢѪһ㣬ڱ

һӺ󣬹ѿȫ뵽ڣҶվ쳤Хͻơ
䣡
׵ģ׽ͻأĳ֣ҶȥĵطԲ֮ȫٵķΧһɽ뱻˷ɻҡ
һƬ󣬵âӿ£糱һУʢޱȣؼããһƬ
ˣ
ܶʿ̲סɫŲԶȥ

ˣҲһЩʿٵķΧ֮ڣðʹУڡ
ǣǻҵֻֿӲٷΧ֮ȥһֵֿȻᱻɽ٣ǿɲġ
٣ǵרʿҲһӶᾭ٣ΨЩ˵ǣǵÿһͻƶᱻϲעԼɹ
䣡
Ҫ˵Ķģ˵꣬أޱȣǾк£ǧ
նˣưܲܿͻᱻûΪ׹̫ʢˣĿ׵ÿһռ䡣
䣡
׾ϵ糱ӿȣһƬ׵磬ɻо壬ëȻ
Ҷأٽסˡ
ȻԶۣ˿ֲǺϺеҶھĽѣ׷Ŀۿ
˵Ҽʶһ
ʿƴٵķΧ֮ӵʱȴУҶ֮С
Ҫ٣ҶɱνԸ˼㣡
ɱ
Ӵ٣ȴ֪رԼϢüķɳһ콣һϲ񷣬зУҶüնȥ

Ҷ˫âһ֣һٱȥ
䣡
ʧĹâҲԾҶնȥƺĿĲݡ
Ҷһ֣Ǽٵǰȫģķ
֪Ȼʵһ൱ǿ󣬾Ȼܹն٣ֱֲ
գڴ߰˵ٵ֮ڵҶǰȴҲʧȥһʼ
ৣ
ҶһѽץУ˫âϣ䱾ʺͷ

Ӿŭû뵽ҶٵȻյ˴죬Ȼ٣סԼɱһ
ŭǣҶȻ۲ԼıʣȻйҲ޷ܵġ
У֮񱩵پȻûκɱ׷ɱҶ
ҶҪԿ٣ͬʱҪӵ׷ɱһʱæңǱ
Ѱֱӹ룬ûκ˺ܹϴܴ֮֮
ˣ
Ҷֳһ꣬סУӰ٣һٵС
ƣ
Ӵһֱ˺γɵ׷ɱҶ
ӼֱǿĲ񻰣ǿ˱֮ΨֲٰȻɱ˽ȥûԼ٣׷ɱˡ
ޱľʲôѪ˫
ʲôеӸΪڹͣ
ǸҶҲǲȻֵܹӵ׷ɱܹӵ׷ɱٵ˫в¼ֵڣֱǸ漣ʿ̾
ª˰ɣҶĵõߵĴУˡɸؾбڸ˿ٵķǸ
۷׷ףҶ¼ֲ̫ˣʵ̫ǿˣõߵĴУѾһʬˡ
纣У裬ڹζϼ籡ɫ޴ĵâһ췣磬һУƳһ赲
׺ûһУҲ˵һЩͨˡ
쳹أ˶䶼Ҫˣ˾壬٣ѰʿһҲ
Ȼˣһǵڡٸͨʿֵܵģ
Ҷһ٣ɹӣӡȵȵֵӵ׷ɱһר־Ķɽ١
֪Լڲͬʱ䳤ݲð⡣

ҶһƬ̫٣޾׽ٽ֯һӣâҫۡ
޾ۣһʱӡϣԽ貣СɽһһһӾ͸ѹ˽ȥ
٣мֶΣУ
ӻų⣬ÿһ˿˸ŹâһȭӻˣһҶȥһصָ֮䣬ա
飡
ҶڵֿһǿףһƳ˳ȥӶ챻ˣѪʡ
Ҷ
һĻ˽ŵĶҪɤˡ
ϲҲԽš
Ϊմ˿̵ΣٻĻҶпܻɥ
һ̡
͵׼ɱﵵʱ׽˲ʧˣֻҶУѪ
ô
УҶһȣڵϢսڣ


1695 ˣ
׺أҶڳˣЩʥǿҲ̲ס
רѰʿһӻԼ٣ΨҶпͻƵʱ١
Ҷе
Ϊ
ͻƴ󾳽磬ֻͻһСѣȺܶͻƴ󾳽ʱٻҪֲ
ͻһСѣ춼Ҫ٣
Ȼ𾪵ĻӣȻܹɳ֮Ужͨ似ûԼ٣ֱ˼顣
һʲôرܹԼϢӦԼĴڣ϶ᱻɽٵġ
Ƿ׷ײ²⣬ΪϿ϶ĳرܹĸ֪ٵķΧ֮ڣڶԿٵͬʱɽ֮˳֣϶Լ٣Ӷɽٵġ
Ϊʵ̫ǿˣȫٵĳͷ
۷׷׵ʱһЩʥǿ͸񱩵׺һƽҶɵ龰úܶʿпһ¡
Ҷ˵һеżͷᱮ־Ҫ׷ϳԽһɽ
Ҷһսܣ彫һľ˽£һһĴ
ϾͻС٣Զûͻƴ󾳽ʱôֲʱҲ
ٿ䣬ͻһʧˣջָǹգۣһ¸ĻԹ⡣
ȫٴˣһƬĿģڵļɽͷ⵽˳֧֮꣬顣
ѷݺύ뱻˷ɻңӴ˲ˡ
Ҷһŭ֮Уž죬İѸٸԭɢŵĽ⡣
һɫ֮ߣ·һСζӸ޾ţɢ˵ĿֲϢ
۷壡
ҶԾȹ٣ͻҲֱֱӽڡ
ôʱĳͻۣһͻƣѹ˺ܾ֮Ȼһʽ
ȥ׺ɢҶ¼ھ۱ԴҺһ·𣬴ʱʮ㣬˫䣬ƤӨ⣬覡
ߣ
һûٵıͻҲһ
Կ˭һ
Ҷս߰ͻƵ۷֮󣬶Ԫصķĸͨ͸ˣоԼǰǿ˺̧ܶ࣬㣬ƿ졣
ҾͳȫԸ
ÿһ˿˸Ź˫ɱޡ
ɱ
ӴһǰһƬɽ붼ˣȭҶɱ
һɽӣ
չֳǿʵͬΪӵĹɸ߳һߡ

Ҷ˿壬ɢű⣬Ӷȭӭɫȭͷţ
䣡
˵ȭͷݺײһһɻϢҫ۵Ĺâ·̫ըһ㣬룬ܶʿ̲סҽһ۾˫Ѫ
ֲ
һܶ߾ڵǿ߹в˰ɣ
ˣһʥص̫ϳϽȥҲδܹȻֱ˴ġ
Ҷ
ʵӣʤʵڲߣϾڵĴѪûжԷô⣡
ʱõʵָ㣬ͬսĸ׸µı̫ˣ
Ҷܹߵ죬ȫԼŬͻϾͲӣϣ
۷׷ףձ鲻ҶΪͻƵڣԾһ硣
Խ棬ԽѣÿһС֮Ĳ඼ǳֲЩ򼸺ûܹзɣ»ϡ
ȻҶеͨʿĻСɱֲ¡
֮ǰȵʱѾʵж֤һ㡣
Ȼ
ͬǳһԽսʵһ£Ҷʤʵڲߡ
ӣɱΪеֵǱΪɶ𣡡
ӪһƬǶӷǳġ
ǴӣһЩһǿ߶Ķ֣Ҷ͸Ķˡ
ǿӸղŲѣҶͻڣٵĻͱӻɷɻˡ
е˼ˣֻʵĻԾһ
ЦһȻҶǿ󣬵һҲԼ
ٺ١
ҶЦָ˵ɣ
ɣ
һ㶣漴ŭҶ˵ղֻɵʵǶӡ
ˣˣ
Ҷһɽ飬ȭɱȥ
һ̣뵽ս˾͹껣һǻ߻ս˲佫˼㡣
ˣ
һȭҶԼǿĹȭΪ壬˰ȭǰԾصϰ߱ǹһǰһ赲Ĵǹ⡣
һ̣Ҷ·ɱһսӵ£
ɱ۵عһʱ䲢ǰ׹ġ
һУԼ似ͨһ飬ˡ
깲һ湦ôʱҶһֱûڶղŶɽٵʱͻȻһ˵ڶ
һĲ򣬲ϵغǧɱɱҶս÷ḻޱȣ似ͨҲӴ졣
˿̣һж뵽һ֮УҪ书һۣһսشӣֱĨɱ
⣡
ҶһȣһƬâ챾Դһ㣬һصһڹâзڡ
ˣ
â˲ϣصۻһӵڡ
ţ顱һҶȭͷصĻӵؿڣһץŰŵѪࡣ

Ӵһ˲ˣʵѪɽֻʣһͷ­һŤˡ
˻
ӪһƬЩΪӽкü͵ʿǱ߬סӵѼһӺ﷢󿩿ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ǵɴ۾ؿҶǸо·ʣôģ
ۣ
·Ϊ˻ӦЩƵģҶйâһֱӽƬɻң󻺻תעӡ
Сˣ
ӵͷ­ҧгݵ˵ⲢӰĽ㽫ûκλᣡ
ô
ҶһһȥƮƮģ·ûκ
ৣ
ӵͷ­˲ǧɣת޸ѪѪգۼ㸴ԭˡ
~
ǵ⻹ȥս
ʿľѪ˫طҲܽҶ
Ǹ𾪵ĻҶʵոͻƵڶѣȻһشѪ˫ӣֱ˼飡




1696 
ǻ貣µգ
ҶӴսڣҲ֪ȥ˼ǧغϣ붼ˣĨȥ
ѪȾգͻƺҶһشڳˡ
ӾȻ嶼飬ֻʣһͷ­Ȼ⵽˻Եһ
˶ˣʲôˣһʵӣѪ˫ѹҶû뵽ڵײˡ
ȻܹϾĵԴԲһõס
ʤˡ
ϲޱȵģҶ˿ϹЦˡ
Ҷ
̸ʥŮҲ˫߬ȭһᵽɤ۵ķķȥ
Ȼֻ״ռϷ磬һõͷҶشӵһΣشڶΣֱնɱ
ѰѪ干ӣǿһ٣ҶھϻһС¡
һǣ»ʳС°׽ŵҲ۾գգĿתĿųĵҶһŷС¹һײ
ãҪɱˣʵΣͷǰˣ
߬ȭͷѪš
գſĺֵ˾ŰɱڳԹ
ĸȫݣһսĿãǿᣬ似ˣȿ£ҶһȥֻޣǵʥӶҪ
һսûκһܹ⣬һ۷ײδˡ
ʱҶվڳս֮У»ϣеoٷ
һ𶯣һ壬𾪵ԸӣʲôʱôǿˣӶˣÿ˶һĳ˹ȵס
׻ڵһλĬȻĬ
ɫ࣬û뵽ԼȻᱻһֱΪϵʿˣ˵ֱܴ衣
Ϊ֮ӣԶܵģҵһһΰֱܼҶѪˣһɿֲϢ
ۻ֮ӣеģ㲻ǵһ˵ʲôѪҪߣɱ⣡
Ҷʯʾ޵е
ǾսɣҪѪǣ޵еĵ
Ӵһɢʥ⣬ʸΧ黷ƣҶɱ
עҽϵ·̤ʯĥ޵еĵġ
Ҷ˫ֽӡһԴ׾ĴɽڻԻ
ҶɽӴӡһһӳȥõȱǳǿ
䣡
˫տȻӶȭֱӽɽӴӡڿУ񱩵գ类һֻƲһ㡣
ۣ
ۣ
˲ҶжһֱۣץҶ߹ǣѪա
ò˵ӵʵȷǿڼѪ֮֮սɻֱ࣬Ҷı塣
û뵽оȻǿǳҵԤϣӵе߹ǣĮ˵
㵹ûгҵϣʵҲˣҶӵеһֱۣԡ
󵨣
Ҷʴ˲
Ӫʱ˭Ҳû뵽Ҷһһʲ񾭡
죡
׼ʳɨһ۹ڶʿ˵֮սƴʵƺȸ棬ӲܹһأôԶܳԽĸףΪһʣ
۷ˣЩʿǶʱλ׼ʾǿϲŭ޳˭ҲĻ

Цһ֪ϣҾʶʶĻѪҲ԰ˣ

£üĳһɫУԽԽתۼ鲼룬ҶС
Ҷɽ꣬һ˫ǳڻ𣬽ضŲԶӡ
ʱӣһֺǿΣոС
һ̣·ͬɱһ㡣
ٿ䣡
ش䣬ʧˣ
Ҷ·һ磬ǳɫĴأĿģûκ
ţ
ȻҶԼܶˣȫסˣʱɫ䡣
ʣӵһ򣬾ȻܹסԼһԼ⣿
磡
Ҷд𣬷ʩչԼеİ򣬳ſһƬռ䡣
ܹƵʩչֽҲ԰ˣ
Զû˿Ĳ
ৣ
üĳһʵ콣һҶӿռգۼҶǰ
ҴѪаһɱǴСˣ˵
ɱٿڳ԰ɣ
Ҷһ԰翪չ׷ǲƬĿռжܿϮɱ
㡭㾹ȻܹӰ죿
Ӵ󾪣ֽܹס߾ǿߣĸµĽ֮һܱͨȵġ
Ȼ
ҶȻܹӰ죬ϡ
㱾𣿿ɱ㣡
ҶҲӵʱ̫ոͻƣջﲻһ¯ĵزԣսپ
һˣҶʼǿķһУһȡǻӶһһ㣬һӽߵȫɢˡ
ţҶչȭкȳ깲üķɳһӡֶξӲɱһ
ӿɽӴӡ챮ɢ֣ݺݵײҶȭͷϣѪ֡
һɻϢҶӿʵѪаģļֽ֮һǳֲ

ҶһŬתϴ֮ĻϢ
飡
ֱȫըˣϢҲױƳ壬ҲͷɢһʵѪ˿ԵǱ
ƬصĿռУҶչȴʲôҲˣЩʥǿתҲ޷
ϺͳҲǽĵȴŴսĽ޷֪սеΡ
һ̣廹ʿᵽɤۣŵعעųս
ȻɽٳɹɹͻƵڵҶȷǿ󣬼ǶĻǿˣҲսʤ
Ȼ
ȴʵӣǴ̫ӡڵģԽսʵҾҶҪߣ˭ܻ뿪ƬսĺԤϡ
ʱµնɱƽĶ֣̤޵еĻ֮·ΪΨһãȻܹԻͣն֣һɳ죡
һʿ
岻սʤҶնӣƽ˵
ûһ磬ҶҲһܹն֣ٴ漣ʯҰҲ˵
ͬȾĻҶն׼
˺ܲĴУǵúܶʿŭĿӡ


1697 
ҶԾһսغδˣ廹嶼ӡ
븽ɽ˺˶ڽŵعעһδеĴս
ӪУ̬ʿһʼǳɣǼһܹն֣丸ĻԻ͡
ʿʼʱ򲢲ֹۡҶӵС硣ﵽ֮ÿһС磬ʵΪҶʤĿ΢΢
ֱҶͻƣ٣ɹ֮ʿǲһ
ڵҶԾõڣȻԾɲֹۣϾҶһƴ֮
Ҷƴܾ֮ʿǲҶǵļ̫ˡ
ڵʱ򣬱һ˶ʮߣ
Ǿ˷·һɽѹÿʿͷ
Ҷͻڣս൱ڵӣֵΣ
ؿռУĿģһƬذĩյķһƬ
һУҶ˴սĽڶ˾ʵ֮˶лصĿֲʵ
Ӷ쾡ͷڷɢţɢֲĻϢһһݺᡣ
ӴѪаʵķʴļֽ֮һɱնֲ֮꣬
ҶſƬĿռȥ磬ȭ깲ɽӴӡɱɢʩչԿӵ
ֱ˿̣Ÿпʸµıʵ̫ḻˣֻֽҪմϣر˲ɱ
ʵѾˣȴȱӦĴۼɱӾԲʲô¡
ĳҵԤϣоȻɱͻԾɲҵĶ֣ͻǿҲ˵
ѿ֮û壬ʲôʹɣûˣҶΪɫռݺײϡ
䣡
ռȫˣҲһ󰵵֮ǰơ
ɽӴӡ
Ҷ˫ֽӡһ׾ԴĴɽڻгͣصϡ
ȻҶٵսӡ
䣡
һ죬貵ĹâƬռ䣬ҵð޹⣬顣
ৣ
Ӵ󾪣æջѪаģһٵһش
~
һ˻𣬳˾ǣǻ˸ˣ֮ѪˣγһʵĻ档
ȼѪʵٴһ㣬ɨ̬˫۷ɳ񽣣һ㽻ҶȥһɻϢռ
䣡
ռ䶼֧ŲסôǿҵĻϢһӱˡ
Ҷ˳˵ҰС
ĵսϣ黤ٴγ֣ڷɣȸ裬׻ѱ䴹ףһһ㣬ɢ˿˿Ϣ
ɱ
ҶһܵΣգ˿̵ӸһּΣյĸо
䣡
ҶʢʢѪǳ˲񷣬˫â
һ̣Ҳȼȼȼ꣬սɱͷ񽫣ϱ۵Ůȱҡ
ʥϢͬʱƵ
ž
Ҷֽ̧һķɣһ򶴴ļͷɫѪɽ
һ̣ҶоԼԴ˳˶ȥһʧȥ˰
Ҷ
Ҷӡ

ʿʵ̫ǿˣҶʶˣȥֻ·һ
񽣣ʵĽû뵽ӾȻھʩչҶˣ
ӪУһʿĴ

սУҶüоһֻĿֲϢļͷɢŵ꣬Ȼлļ
Ȼʵĵ񽣣Ҷˣ
ϴ󾪣ΪϹŷӡϹŶʵĵ̫˽ˡ
һܹ˻ĽƽڰҵʱһУӲһۼĶָˡ
ȻʩչԶû丸춯صƣҲҶֵܵģһմȾ͵Ǳ̡
ʿҲˣϲݣһĶᵽɤۡ
ֻе֪ǶôֲһͨΪҲס
µĴʣ
ԽǿʿԽ£ΪһԣΪطһ֣š
ҶǿĿãʵĵϵ棬һƴ֮ȴ񽣶ؼ䡣
񽣣ʶ˶ˣûӵù֮Уһ
գĵ񽣣
ҶѪ¡¡죬ӱڣ֮ϷʩչƳ⡣
һӺҶ˴֮Դ֮ڽȫƳ⣬ļͷԭ
ǵ񽣵
Զ˶սĳ׼ʡԺϣԺϲȶһĬȻޱȣݡ
Թֽ˶ˣԭܼ򵥣Ǳɱһմϱ
ʿˣôҲû뵽ҶȻܹƾԼǿнƳ⣬ʵ̫˼ˡ
ҳϣĵ͹ˣ
ޱ˵ţ߶۾ĵ񽣣Ҷն򶼵ס׶ˡ
ҵ·ҵĵҵķ
Ҷһ߼ѵֿŵ񽣣һ˼βƽǰ֡
лԲմȾ򼴱ҲסΡ
㸴Դжôۺ񣬵񽣣޵Уκ鶼סһնҲУ
Į쳹롣
䣡
ϱذܣ
Ӫбһ󻶺˶ܿҶ·磬ǿû֮أҺӽɱ
Ҷ
һĶᵽɤۣ˫鲻Խ߬һһؿҶ
ҶӣסʤȻ㣡
˴ΪҶʹ
ڴʱ
Ҷˣֻ˫ֻһѲʥ⣬ʥ߶ɱɢ֡
䣡
һȵĲɣϢϢ赲⣬һɫʯС
ǡ
˶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻһʯս
ţ
ΨԺϲˣóҶԻʯʹùһֽûдڸҶҶȴ˳
ңͨҶ֮ǰӡϲǲԼĽһַ߳ģһҲûȫܹӳ챮
񽣣ˣ
䣡
Ҷһȣֳֺɫɱһ¾Ͱһˣ͵һͿ
ಣ
ţҶչ׷ǲһ⣬׷һѵ˹ȥɫɱûаʵޱȣͺһʯһ
䣡
գҶ׷ǰѵ񽣣İשһ㣬һʯȥֱӽ֮ˡ

񽣺ȻըѣӲҽһԪܴüѿ˫ѪԴڵϷ




1698 ԣ·
üĹѣԪ˻һ
ǰ𣿣
ӪһƬš
չµһֽۿҪҶնɱˣû뵽ȻǴܣ˱Դ
ʿӿһɲõԤСһսȻҪĻˣ
Ҫնɱˣ˷ܵ˻
ҶһܡشӣΪ˾̫ʥӱΪѵʿˡ
~
°׹򳤳һһʼŵڷˡ
ʤˣ
һϮ£˿ӨĹɣȺ֮⣬ɫ˼Σг𾪺Ͳš
ʿ裬ϲ¶οЦݣׯׯҲ׶Ц
ӪһƬž˶ˣôҲû뵽ʩչӾȻˣԪ⵽ش
һˣͬﶼնɱվ߳Լ޵еĻ֮·Ͳã
ͻȻȣ˻ġ
꣬ڴնһǿĵ֣Ҳ߳Լ޵еĻ·ΪӣҪʽӡһ
һҲź
һսźƬض𶯣

ͻȻҶЦ˿ڷӨĹ⣬ĳ˶һ⣬ԭΰԵøӵĸߴΰˣһɽ֮ơ
һ磬ҵĶ֣ͬȾĻɱ
Ҷʯײؼص
ǰڶѣǸոͻƵģӵһ磡
ȺУҲ֪˭һɤӣʱ˶һ𺳡
ʿĬȻˡ
ΪǲʵѪ˫ӵʵ似ȴڸ߳һԾˣ
ζʲô
ζҶǺͬȾĻܹ׽նɱ
⡭ʿԸŵģҲǲܽܵģ
һֱʿǽʿһܹﵽʥΪͬȾ£Ķ֡
Ȼ
˿̣ҶʵжǣͬȾ磬ҲûκοԽĵط
Ŀ
һ̣˶Ŀⶼ۽ڳǸӢͦεϣÿһ˶ݣ֮ɫڿһδĴۡ
ҶһɫʥԣԭҰߣһһӱȥŲÿһ˵Уɣ
ڴնһǿĵˣɴ˶֤ĵϵӣϻѪΪβվɱ֣
һеһ쳹Ƭأÿһ˶
ϵصԼǿ˻޵е־
ʿһȻ˵Эһǿ߲òһĶԹ˭ܱ֤Ĳ֣
˿̣ϺܶǿսڹսùעҶ䱧ϣ˶ͷһһЩԤС
ţ
Ҷһݣһ뻽ԪŵĶ־𣬻˵ĿھҪٳ֣
һ֮սھսǰԼκ˶øԤһжҪƾʵ˵ʤ

Уͷɢҡ
ֱͦͦվüѿ˫۲Ѫ񽣱٣⵽Ĵ
ҰˣҾȻܸһϣҲİ
ӵͳ˻޵еĺ־״ݻˣܹպΪҲдˡ
ҲѸıԣ·
ҶֳɱӶ治Զޱ˵
Ǻǡ
ӷһҹһЦĵΪɱֻǲͬھѡȻΪˣǾһսɣţһ𹲸Ȫ
Ȫ·Լ߰ɣҪߵϵĵ··Ҷɱݺҹȥٸӻᡣ
ৣ
ǰƺһƬǿգҶɱҽƬǿ֮Уǳһֱƽǰͣ
ѪȼգɱУ
һһٵ˻羪һ쳹أĲ˫Ѫʧϡ
Ҫ
һ˾УĽƪеһ֣ƾڵӸ޷߶һǿʩչ˾ͷˣܹҶնɱԼҲɡ
ӣӵΪѪһȼգᷢص

˷·һλһȼһӰԻѹʮء
䡭
һ̣һϵϢԹǰԽʱնһξٴأ
ʣ
˶ɵˣ˭Ҳû뵽ӻɱﵣȼѪ֮Ȼ׵һӰٻˣ⻹ô
ɱ
ӺɽӴأǰɱǵӰһ£һֲ赲ƣ˵Ĥȥ
һŻʣе۱ϲѾ׼ΪֻܵʵѹȻᱻӰ졣
ȻֻһӰȴʵһѹѪѹڣֲ˼¡
ʩչһУӻѪԶĴˣе֣Ҳûκλ·ԡ
޷⣬ҶҪˣž޴ѹѵĵֿ
ˣ
ھ޴ļѹ£Զһ⣬סʵļ
ȥɣ
ӷĴһֻǰѹӰͬһ޴գ޷ܣֻӲ
һ̣Ҷгƽϴڸȭ;ȴδκξ۵
һǧܻΪãǧɱۣһҹʱҶʼݻǧɱ۵
䣡
һɲҵĴϢҶ·Ϊǧɱۣɱ֤ѹʮء
ˣ
Ҷӭ̥Զ֣ħͬĶסӵľɱ
ٴʥݻɱɢ֣һʵĺɫɱٴԻ
⡭
˶ˣ
һ棬ҶϾȻӿֳ˴۵Ϣֵס˼
֮⣬ҶȻٴԻһֲ˹ʯԵУ
˭Ҳ֪ڴ˿̣޾ңԶ֮У֮ؾеبŴڵɱͻȻһâȻʧǿ֮С
ˣ
Ҷеɱâʢһصķ˸ʵӰɱ˻ȥ뵽ӵѪҺУ𺳣ſڽࡣ
ѪȼգɱУ
ӴУҪݻ
ֶˣܽҶնɱ˱Ȼ
Ȼ
ҶȴˣѪ¡¡죬üѿɵӡɳ
Ҷֳɱңִ̺߱ǹȭӡ񣬴˿žһ
ۣ
Ѫɣѣɿޱȣ
ӣɱңҲˣ
ʱ˿̣ںˣӶݣԤеԼܿڽ䡣
Ҷûаϻɱݺĳֱӽӵ˻ɵӡ䣬һӽѹ档
ˣ
ӡʥ⣬ȼգҪӵ곹ɱ
ңҲ
ӾֵشУоԼڿٱĥ𣬺ܿͻ᳹׻ɢ




1699 
ס֣
һǰɢֲʥ֮ҪҶҶɱ֡
һδϣΨһãսˣ޷ʵ֮齻
սκ˲ø棡
ڴʱԺԺϲһǰϢȫˡ
ˣ彫Ʋ
ǿս⡣
ڵϦɵżȻʵȴϲĶ֡
ǾʥʵϲȴѾ׼۾磬һش֤֮׼۵ģʵɲ⡣
ۣĿӱ±ɱ𣿡
ԼϲĶ֣һĿ׼ʳۣϣܳ־ӡ
ɫ䣬һӪеϣ¶ĳ־һϵ˵ƽһսκ˲ø档
㡭
ɫұ䣬֪ˡ
սģ
Ȼ
Լǰڵ壬û뵽ӻռݾƵ£ҶϮ

ӵ귢һʵĲҽУҶɵӡɱĥˡ
һУˡѡ֪һ֤ȴˡ
һ󳹵ɢƬؼ䣬Զʧһ紵ʲôҲûʣ¡
һǿߣˣҰģıĲʶš
Ұ廳ĵ⣬һҪջԻ͵ˣȴꪳɳûĻԻ͡
ûлߵؽҪɱң޷
Ҷҡͷ̾ûٽӲʬĨɱΪûбҪˡ
ˣĳأǳȴԵЩɪķ紵һĴأһжĻ
ҶʤˣȴûʤӦеϲãӵǾ仰Ĵ
ϸ˵ͬһˣǴ̫ŷӡģȴ顢顢飡
ֺγأ
һƬȫİ磬ȴ顢顢顢ڳѪǵ·Ϲ¶ǰС
ÿ˶ԼǣԼΪ֪Ĺ¡
Ӳνǿ˵һУڵ֮УҲǿĴڣֻͬ·ͬҶԾ
̸϶ֻΪ˵·һɢİ׹ǣİһбʹ˶ա
֤֮·£ȴ飬ȴûκνʲôҲòԼѪǳȫˣͽ£һ衣
ͬһط̫䷢Ƶ£λԾʥʵ۷֮սڡ
һսʤˣһǿĵˣӴ֤·һµֻؿʼȻĺȴˣ
֤֮·ôпᣬͬǿûʸ̤Ѫɱ¾ĵ·
ӡ
ݵ𾪣ӪһХ
һľ䣬˿ȴҶնɱˣһԼһӱˡ
һʱ䣬½˱㣬ÿһʿǻ
෴Ʊǣʿȴûл
Ϊڵģһоǿĺˣưոݣ
ò˵ҶһսٴΪάʿϣܶʥغϴڶ˸м
Ȼ
żҺͶ򱱲ҡܼҵҶŻⲻ޵ļȴɫѿ˼㡣
𾪵ǣҶȻʩչǧɱ۵Բ
ԭҶѾõ˾ۺߵĴУѾˣֵõǧɱ۵ɱʥɳĻȻǴ֣֮
ҶĳɳٶȣǺ£̶̼꣬һͨСʿɳֵزɳٶ̫ˡ
Ӳˣ
ЩҶгļ峤ʥԼͬİ¾ģϧһдۣҲҪҶûг׳ɳ֮ǰɱ롣
ɱΪӱ𣡡
ͬʱһȫ˲ʵ˻˳ɱ죬һɺҶϯȥһƬɱɨҶ
죬ɱ
һеѪʵӣӡһֻΪ֤ͳɣȥˣǾʧһ屦ȥصˡ
ӲܰҪϳ
ӪбһźĶһЩʥǿ߳ɱҶΪӱ
ˣ
һֻɫĴִ̽ɢһʥѹֱҶȥҪĨɱ
Ҷ˫ֻʩչʥԻѵ񽣣ɫĴӭȥסֻ֣Ų׷ǲٺˡ
ɫĴҲɵ񽣣ϾʵĽԾǣҶȻҲᣬ⡭ôܣ
ŸʲôնϣΪӱ𰡣
ӪУڶǿսʿ׷״ȡ
ͬʱʥ٣ֻ֣̽ȫʥĲգҪҶɱ
ǵӾսǺ⣿
ҶɨһеĴ֣ʵ
ɱʺˣл֮㱰΢ȥɣգаֻ̽ʥȴҲ޽ӽˡ
õ
ϲ;۱ͬʱ֣һƬ⣬ֻȫˡ
ϲҶǰɨӪƽһսѾĻ˺Э忪սô
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

߸Ǹɴָ࣬һⶴգӪʮ˲ҽŻѪ⣬Ƿڰˣûһ
һ֣̲סһһ׼۳֣˭ܿȻҲ׼ʣϲȴ׳֡
˫׼ɱԷŵЭҪΪһֽ𣿡
ϲһ˫â㣬ŵˣǾͱ岻ˣ
һս
һЦһѾ˲ϧ忪ս׼
սѾһжΪֹɣ
׼ʳۿ˵
˵ͽѵӾͰ˲ɣһӦնɱкӵǸϣһ岻ϧսһ˵͸ż
ң
˫ţĶս֮ǰ˵õģ뽫嶼Ͻս𣿡
ĺƽ֮ǰ鶨ģ˺Э飡۴֣ص˵
̾˵磬ЩϲĻǰɣҲʲôˣ
˵ô
һ̣˵ĿⶼۼҶϡ




1700 
һսսĻ˵һصĴ
սĻ屶ܴޱȱȥ
ʱΪӳ֣һԽҶĨɱ
Ȼ
ȴսˣҶȻ⵽شްֻƱܸԭ
ҶӣҾ֪еģ
˼ӭҶһܱ
ٺ١
ҰʯҰһԺЦţһͷͷŲ
Ҷֵܣϲ
˾ҲӭвԺĵӣһ㽫ҶΧм䡣
Ҷսʤ˵ĪЩֵˣÿ˶Ҷ˸мͳ֮顣
ЩУкܶ඼ԼѻУȻⳡʤ⡣
Ҷ
°׹ҲӭɫָͬʥŮվһ𣬶ʱһķ羰
֮⣬ҲҶǵĸлϾҶΪ׿Ĺףֵ۽½
ҪҶӵĺ£
˺ʯҰһֹȰȥռҶŮˣԼͷȥ
Ҷ
мһ㺣˫¶ŨŨİ⣬°׹̻ڣֱ˵ҶУʵţԼĺ촽Ҷ촽ȥ

Ŀ֮£ߺȵ촽Ҷ촽ţйм㺡
һĻ°׹˳ɵˣ
˸Ľʺ޵Ĺâתȥٿ
䣡
ҶԺжʱһƬհףѹֵ·ҩͰһ㱻ȼˣ޹ǵ֫ʹ
ã
ʥŮŮкҲ
һǶô
Χ۵˷׷壬ֽ֮֮һƬڡ
ۿһĻ۱ϸƷЦ˻а˵Ůڿˡ
񣬺˲ңҶſ͸ֻˣⶫֿޣͿ˭ֿˡ
°׹˾ˣŮǴһõԵ
ҲżȻġҺ߶Ǿûĵġ
һ̣˺ڵĳӶˣȴһ취ҲûУֻĬĬʵ
Ҫ޸ҶԼʥصսϵޱơ
ûϷˣҶѾװ˾۱Ӵսˣ۱ǸӴٵõҶδ궼ʯܶҡλ
ã˲źٵķֿ
һƬ˵죬˫ۼܵγˮ۲ת䣬֡
սĻȥҲ׷ȥˣ֪ҪҶԼսѾˣֻܾܵĺҶùϵ
˾ռʥüЦȻǼûʲôҶĴ˾ȴҶҪõֵܡ
һ·ܹҶΪֵҲʧΪһְ취
ߺ𣿡
ŬƽһԼ궯ĴģҶ˵
Ҷͷ˲Զȥ
ԶȥıӰƷ׶Цȥܿ죬ǰս˱㶼ȥˣټĳԵصһž
ϪˮڿչлصгһɵĿɬ㣬죬Ŷ
Ҷ˱ϥСϪߵĽྻʯϣ˭Ҳûпڣƻա

һɫСϪԾ𣬽һƬ˻˳Ϫˮʧˡ
ãȴʵʲôʱ̤ǿչ·
֪ҶǾԲĥµĻġ
ǿ֮·Ѿһһο֪ʲôʱ򣿡Ҷʡ
ȷ̤ǿչ·ȥһΪʱ䲻ˣҪԼʵ
ܵȣڵΪǻ궼⣬ܵ
һֱһһֱ֧ļᶨǾǼȫƾۻ굤Ĳϣ
ȻȥˣȴûܼȫˣҲĻصˣƾڵΪһռͨȻռ䷨Ľɱпֱӱ˿ռͨð
ǿչ·ڵԺĵ֮ؾУӦòѿġ
į˵Ҳһ·ϧүүȥ˵ǿչ·̫ѣǳпᣬƾڵʵûԱұչأо綼һ飬ȡÿһ綼£ֻҪпǿչ·һԱʵ
˵ǳģҲ֪үүΪãǿչ·Ȼųǿ֮··ϵĲϵʿ
ãã棬ޱߣಢįͬʿĴڣЩҲͬоǿߡ
Ƭ棬ǣǿΨһ֤ᣬȻǳпᡣ
ŸͲߵ󣬼ŹһǿҲпѪ·硣
Ҷǿչ·˽Ⲣ࣬Ҳ֪طүү࣬ǿ֮·ûйھͬʵ̤Ͼ͵
ӦңʲôҪŻ㣡
鶯˵ڲõĽҲ̤ǿչ·ȥ׷Ѱ㼣
İɣһŻģ
Ҷ֣سŵΪԼŮˣΪĸϣΪԼԣŻ
뵽ĸףҶ۾ʪˣˣûһ̷ĸ׵Ѱҡ
һΣĸײջûͷź
ѾֻҪĸ׻ϣӦ֪ϣ㲻ҲӦһŶԡ
ڣĸ׷·ʧһɭеĿռͨһ˿Ϣ֮⣬Ҳûгֹ
ʲôأ
סҶ֣ʵ
ûʲô
ҶعǰˣѹõŷһѽڻУȥס̵ĺ촽
䣡
һҶ֮Ϣ֮УϣĽëţ٣༸Ҫˡ
ǵ鴦̣̱Ҷн죬вⰻȻ
һĻҶ벼һ󷨣ɽҰսһȴоһ˿ڤڤƺʲô޴ΣսҪ١
ৣ
һ̡
ͻȻѿһֳһϸҶͷȥ


1701 쳾
ϸͨɫû˿⣬ȴ͸޾ɭȻɱ
һ鱦޽ӽʥĴɱ͸ֲĲ·ڰ
˾ڴɱǱУһֱֱͣҶɵһ̲չһƾɱ
ৣ
ǧһ֮ʣҶһѽͽռ䣬ͷֳһɫĹŶܲƬסɱıɱһ

һ죬ɫĹŶܲƬû˿һ˿âûг֣ɱڹŶܲƬϣҲǰֺ
ˣ
Ҷ˦һĺӻȥɫɫ֮ա
ĺҲͬһȭɫһܿɫܲƬҶͷȥ

Ҷһߣһָ繳Ӳץȥ
޵УܹͽӲʥǿ߼ʥɱȻ޽ӽʥȴԾɲϵʥ˲ָ
飡
ҶһץסԼͷͬʱĺ˶һȭ

Ѫ֣ĺ˲ҽһȭͷѣҶ֮뵽֮С
飡
ĺɫϱԼұۣ赲֮룬ӰһģҪ֮Ӷݡ
Ȼ˾ͲҪˣ
Ҷָ絶նȥһҵĵâĺ˷춯صĲҽУֱӱˣ궼ĥɢؼ䡣
ʲôҪɱң
Ҷͷ˼ԣ˾ٺһɱĳɱ֯ġ
Ҷʣûкκһɱ֯йӴ̸ʲôԹˡ
ôʣȻ˳ǮЩɱɱԼģ˭
һ˲䣬Ҷ뵽˹żҺܼҡҵȺԼ޷ĶԹ⼸塣
ͬʱҲ뵽ңȻ־ҪԼؼ壬ⲢҾͲΪ־δӦ
ͷۣ
Ҷ̫Ѩɱ֯ƹֻ֮Ҫӵ֮ûǱһֱ겻ɢضĿ꣬ʱпܷһ
ҶӵϼǱɱֻڽ׾Ĵ֣Ѿģˣ޷ֱ澿ʲô
ȻˣҪΪϵĹֲͨɱϵһ㣬ʵںѱϳ
û˯ĻпϵóǰǶпʶϾҲǴϹӡϹ
̧ͷգƽĵȻˣɣѵҪһһǳ𣿡
ֱΧ֮лɱأȴ֪һƬ֮УڣֱӳϮɱˡ
ȻǺηȻܹǣ
һһ߹һߴ˳
񳣬ǳͨ˶Ҳ֣ɱֵ
ɱ֣඼̫ˣұҪóϢ
ĳ֣һҲѿˣµɱ߳ÿ϶ɢž˵ɱ
ȳֵΧҲѿһɱֳֳ֣ȻͬӪҶΧм䡣
Ӫһʮɱ֣ʵңӵɱѾ۷壬ֻһͻ˱ݣ߾Ϊʥǿˡ
ƣҪ˵һڵСʿһʥü
ǿǿңȻôɱɱһˣǸеҰ
ҶɨһΧɱǣЦ˵
ЩɱƽʱǺ͵һ̽Ҷնɱɱһ֮еġ
ڣȴȫˣΪǾãûҪľǾɱҶȻǿҲ޿ӹһ٣
ԣǷǳɣûнһսϡ
ǿҶʵȷǿȴɱ¾ڴɱռݾƣ
ú쳾ɱʥͬʱɱ㣬Ҳ԰ˣ
òĴɱ˵
ΧʮɱͬʱЦЦг˱ĺͲмǿ˿̵Ҷϵ⣬׸
ţ
ɱֵĻҶпһ£쳾ʥغʥɱʥеλڤɱʥأвһЩʥغ͹ϼ廹ҪԶѲ
ɺ쳾Ϊ
ǶԺ쳾ɱʥصۣҲǵּɺ쳾֮УûܶùǵĴɱ
յȡ쳾ɱ֯ʢһʱúܶʿ֮ɫ䣬ֻҪǶϣ͵Ϻˡ
쳾ɱ֯ʹ޵Ĳǵɱ¾֮ͨ˵ĵҲӣͨҲֲ
ҲǺ쳾ɱʥعΪ֪һҪԭɱʥغڤɱʥضʿΨк쳾ɱʥأͨ˶֪
˵쳾ɱʥؾֹĹЧź쳾֮Сҹޡ
ں쳾ɱʥأɱʥԵõ͵˺ܶ࣬Ҳǳֱųƴδʧֹ
̧ͷĹ˭
һ콾ҲֲµʴΪ顣
ɱʥȡһ˼ûܶùµ㣬ɱʥʿҲǹΪ֪
ȻˣΪغǿĻɱʥأڤɱʥأһֱڣ˭Ҳ֪ڤɱʥؾʲôطڤظ֮С
Ȼˣ쳾ɱʥغɱʥҲûҵͳǴɱôʥصĴ˵ķҲͱɨˡ
ȻڤɱʥصûҲ㹻ˣ
Ҫһսˣ
Ҷ̾һ½Ҫһսȥˡ
ոպӴսҲˣԴҲĵķǳأ˵ڵ۷״̬ܱȵġ
ܸ֮˾ʲô˹Ӷɱҵ𣿡Ҷɱʵ
ɱйصģ͸¶κϢ֮һոģֻͿˣ
ɱһ֣Щɱ˵һĥԼĻᣬɱ
ѵãҲǰͬɱɱʥؼȻӵˣͱҪɣ
һĴɱҲһ֣ʱɱʥأʮɱּҶƽ
ΪǴ׵ĸ˲ɣȥã
ҶһХƱǣʢѪһǳֱ
ɱ
Ԥеʮɱͬʱ֣һɱҶȥÿ˶пʥ鱦Կ˲ɱͬʿ
ˣ
Ҷһſ򣬰ַΧתɱⶼĥˣûһܹ֮ڡ
ΪֻҲͬУ
λɱȡ
ҲչԼ
һ쫷ˮȵȣһҶİײȥ
ܹ໥ģǼţҶǿҲ޷ôĹȻᱻ̼߽
Ȼ
𾪵һĻˣǵȻ޷Ҷ֮ڡ
Ҷһݣһһιʼ޷ơ
ҶҲܣĹޣַķתܵλɱǵ




1702 ɱ֮
ԴУⲻҶķ
չ֮ͬʱҲչķȭֱӺ
ۣ
һڵɱֱһȭ飬Ѫ֣ɣֻʣһͷ­ֵĵˡ
ߣ
Ҷһȣ깲ֱӽɱֵͷ­ˡ
һɱ
ԵһĻɱ̲סһ
֮ѡʱϮɱҶǿոѪƴӣʵ½͵㣬ǳΪɵһ̲͵Ϯķʽɱ
Ȼ
ɱɱʧˣΪһȴûܳɹҶɱˡ
֮ԸҴҡڵǾҶѾǿ֮ĩҶֳǿʵȴһͷȡҶȻƴܵشȴȻǿʵ
ϣ
һڵɱɱһƬĿĽ⣬Ѫɫâ糤һҶ˺ѳգֲޱߡ
ˣ
Ҷ𶯰򣬰ַļתĽжȥһ𲻶бļ
һ̣Ҷǰδеľ޴ΣգʮɱʥɱͬʱΧһʱһδ
ӵɱɫصһԻʱпܷһ
ҶҪӦʮɱ֣ͬʱҪֳһ󲿷־עӵɱ֣ǳ
ʮɱ֣ÿ˶пʥӵʵҶѾͻƵڣȻޡ
һ̣ҶޱִɽӴӡʩչȭ籼ڵһ㣬ҵȭâա
飡
һɱֱɱİҲױˣַһ󰵵ڡ
ˣһϣɱ
һɱѪɫգֱҶüնȥѪɫâصۣ޼᲻ݡ
Ҷչ壬徧Өÿһ˿˸ʥ⣬ɫȭͷ鲼֮ÿһȭе֮
ϣ
ҶͽӲʥ鱦һȭǱѪɫҳ˷ȭâ䣬ֱӺɱֵš
飡
ɱֲҽһըѣɣѪȾա
ɱƤûգһ£·뼺޹һ㣬ȫʩչɱʥΧҶ
꣡
һɱ֮УɱһӽҶʿ㽫ˡ

ҶͷҲأֱתرȫɱеɱ
ۣ
ɱתֱӲɱֵüģ֮ҲûãԼɱͷ­ĥꡣ
ͨ
ʬе䣬˫ԲƺĿ
ԷпرСģ
쳾ɱʥصɱȻľɱѵ
ˣ
Ҷ˫âȫʩչرһӿס߰˸ɱе鱦ֱӵת鱦ɱ
ǿޱȣ֧ס߰˼鱦ɱмɵԼ鱦Ҳˡ
Ҫñˣͨ
ɱʥصɱֹϳ֣һƬâҶڣͼͨ
âһ㣬Ҷ˾޴Σգʱпܱ
ʱҶʶеľڸܵΣգԶɢһƬĻҶڡ
޷߶ɱУΣյʱȴܹıߡ
˾ڵıҶ׷ſֽţʮѨе̬Ӱŭ𣬷·ŭĿһ㡣
飡
Ҷڷ·һϱˣתص۱鲼ȫˣŭϴ죬֮ϢƵ̥˫ۣµ·оһ㡣
˵ĺ˲临ԭһ̣˶㣬һ㣬չǧɱ۵ɱʥŲ׷ǲ˲âͻΧ
꣡
Ҷָ絶ֱӽһɱˣ񱩵֮˲ݻ˶Էꡣ
ҶͣתѰֱӴӴ֮¾һݺݵɱȥ
䣡
ɽʯ飬̳𣬼ɱֱӱҶҳ˷ɻңһɽҲʧˡ
̶̰ʱʮɱȫֻʣɱǱӵ
Ҷɱһ㣬ɱ񣬷ּ̧Ѫ֣֮Ҳ׷ɱ
˿̣ڣд˾ֺôš
ɱʥأʮɱ֣˴ӣϮɱһոմսҶӦǾɱֲ֮Ŷԡ
ɽ
ҶȻʮɱȫɱǶڷ
ʱǲʶǵ͹ҶսҶڴս֮Ĺ޵£ҲȻڵɱܹԸģ
ɱʥɱԴ˲ǽɱΣҪĿĥԼȴɱΪ߳ܶࡣ
ΣһԳʮӼɱ֣ͬɱҶû뵽ʧˡ

λɱëȻ֪εĴɱʧˣʧôӼɱ֣ɱʥضһγصĴ
ɱͬʱ֮УɱʧܣǸͣߡ
βɹ´Σ´ɱ¾ɱʥصʥԳˡ
ߣûôף
Ҷɱһɱ죬磬Ʒ׵ǹ׷ɱȥ
ȻҶܾȷԷеλãȴܹӦյϸ΢
ɱ۶սһ꣬ɱʥҲ˷ǳ̵˽⣬ɱ֯ʵǷǧɱΪʦүġ
ɱʥɱʥؼҲǧɱۣûֽϢ޵ɱ۾ǵʦү
Ҷͬɱ۶սܻɱˡ
ܿ죬Ҷͨռϸ΢һƬ׵ǹǹâֱӶա
꣡
ɫ׵ǹɫ֮һһ㣬֮С

һҽУյѪһɱֱҶһǹ֮УʱڻˣȴҲ
ȫҶһ֮䣬ֻһܽУڿ񱩵֮£Ҳס
˵ǵĹ˭ҿԸʹ죬ʶʶʲôҶ˵
룬Ҷģˣ
ɱ¶֮ɫȻҪԱ꣬ñҶѻܻ꣬
û֮ͬǰɱҲܣ
ҶֳǹһԱꡣ
ڴʱнһҶ׵ǹϵɱֱˣҲĨɱ
õ
Ҷ˫տȻգһ׵ǹַɳһһ㣬еһɱֵüĶˡ
ɱȺҶȴû˿ϲãΪһδɱûгɹɱʥؾԲưոݵģһеڶΣΣֱ࣬ɱΪֹ
̾˿ҶʼʰսƷЩɱһЩ˵ʥҩһЩʯ֮Ķ
꣡
ͻȻһէ֣ɱ̹ǣͻأ
һӰͻȻҶϿգѪɫìһ㣬ϢĴҶͷҪᴩƬϡ
޿ɱܣһ˵ͻأѸƾճֵģ




1703 ɱ
ɱɭȻֱָҶͷǾɱ޿ɱܡ
Ҷû뵽նɱɱ֮оȻһɱ֣ɵʱһ
ḷ́Ҷѵʱûгֱ֣ҶΪеΣնѾ֮ƾճ֣ɱ֡
ҶʱѪɫììѾ̵ͷ­ǰɭȻɱ͸ϮɱߵľǧɱŨһì֮С
һɱǴУȻ𣬾ĵҶҲ⡣

ԣɣìɱ£Ҷķ˿նһ縣Ѿ̵ͷϡ
ǧһ֮ʣҶѸ侲ȷķӦ˫һ䣬ֱ˵ϣɫŶܲƬɳͷٻѨϡ
⻹ŶܲƬȻޱȣҲδܵסžìһìѾͷƤ
ৣ
Ҷһĵ棬չ׷ǲһ⣬ԭһӰ¸ֳɫĵۣȥ

һ죬ìڹŶܲƬϣֱӶŶܲƬѹҶͷ
ɱӰΣҶٶѾͻ˼ޣ紩Խռһ㣬ȴԾɶ㲻ɱһ
ĹŶܾ˵ֵܹ۷ʱڵĴȫһȻѾˣҲѰʥ̴ܹġ
ȻŶܲƬϾСܽҶͷ­סطԾھì֮¡
һ̣ʱ·ֹͣˣҶԺͷӦƽɱһѵԼҪ˲ɣ
ȼ̥ʵٶȡӦʮԶζѡ
ȴҪʱģ˿ûʱȥȼֱ̥꣬޼ƿʩֻܵȴǾìԼᴩ
ɱôأ
ʱҶԺͻȻֳһ棬ɱ۵ع֮һκɱ۶Ծʱɱʩչɱʥ
ԭˣ
ֱ˿̣ҶףΪʲôǧɱҪԼʱˣڱĴ
ǧɱںԼսʱ򣬽һʹɱȫʩչһ飬ʥֻõһֶѡ
һҩʥʵɱɱʥҩֻҪʥ͸ˣɱ۵κɱʥܽʥʩչ
һ̣Ҷ飬˺һ磬ܵʥݻɱ۵ʥ
ৣ
Ҷ˲ģУ·𲻴һʥ߶ɱʥӳ˿ֲܡ
һһ㣬ɱ۵ɱʥ׷ǲĽһӹﵽٶȵļ£ģǻʵ䡣
ǵìɱģӰУеɫѪҺŽǲδܶ
ʱҶһַǳ״̬ʵϢ˼¡
ؼʱ̣һ˺һľ磬ܹİյعɶĹ켣ĺΪһ壬ӹɱһ
ìͷ­ǲûдеĸоǲһӰУûж
ৣ
Ҷͻ˳ȥڲԶܹһ٣ͷ­ⴴˣһ˿ڣҪ͸ͷǹǡ
ɫѪҺͷ£ķ˿ճһһ縣֮壬ˡ
ʵһ磬Ψͷ­㣬һն飬³
ȻҶ꼫ǿ󣬼㱻̴ͷ­ֻҪûбԾܹǾìȻᡣ
һֲĶ֣ʵɱҪǿ˲֪ٱܹӿ⣬䲻ܹɱ
ǿߣȻɱ֣ȴûΪѵʱ֣ɱ֮ϮɱԼ
İ
Ҷ̾ʲô˶ܹ²ΪΣһСĮֻԼ棬Ӳ塣
ˣ
Ҷû˵ֱһĹȥгδԹͷ­
ʱöҲ֪˭ͺ쳾ɱʥأɱʥضһղӦˣװҲɱʥصɱǲͬ
²⣬ԷӦǡڤɱʥءˣ
ɱʥͬʱɳӼɱϮɱԼǱҪص˻濴
ķӦ죡
ɱֿˣɬ̶·ĽĦһ㡣

Ҷ߶ʥģɱ۵ɱʥɱɱȥֲɱʵʣΧɽʯʳ˷ĩ
໺𡭡
һɱгһצҶȥֲƵؼ䡣
ɱ
Ҷ˫âûдֺΪһĵ˳һص̤ڵϡ
ˣ
Ųӣһ죬ɶ϶Ϊһֱӽ촷ۣɢڿС
ۣ
ɱһѪиֳ־Ĺḁ̂飬ܵش
˿̵ҶһսʤĸоԼ·һoһλһ㣬ǿѹ߳ױ
ɱ
ɱƴ񣬷ǿһо񶼹עһ֮С
ìһʵһ㣬ͻ˿ռƣɲǼҶǰìɢƥɱ⡣
Ҷûһۣĳָ֣ھììԼŲһʱסì
ìâţϵĲȴ޷д·𱻶һ
ˣ
ҶһìеֱӱĨɱˣȻɱָھìеһҲĨˡ
ৣ
ɱһԶˣϮɱʧܣͣߡ
ڲߵĻ¾߲ˣҶԲŹģѻ
һ뵽ǿֲʹͺ͸е
ΪڤɱʥصġӡܶȡᣬϮɱʧܣҪԶˣ޷Ҷŭ
ݱܷâ躹޲ϲߣߣ뵽֮С
ţֻҪԼ֮УҶ޷ΪղֱӱƽҶҲûз֡
ǣҶ㱻ɱô׵ķŹɱ֣
ûκγɣҶʥģǧɱ۵ɱʥ˫գоìעһ֮ìصֱۣӶգɱֶ֮С

ɱֲҽһױݻ٣ոһ̥ٴ飬һڴƬѪ˫۱ڿն
ˣ
ɱֵԴǿҵĹâ漴ѿԱꡣ
ɱҲԵ˺ܣԼݣԱǻɢת޵ĻᶼϾˡ
飡
ɱԱͬʱڤɱʥеһ׹ʥзŵһȻѿһ
׹ʥһںеӣһУǵУ΢һۣһϣ˲ʧˡ
ǡ
ںеЦҹޣ̶
Ȼʧˣе˼ֳɳٶȻǳҵԤϣ
ǻںе
ʥôˣ
һĻĸɿݵɱܾûʥЦˣǶо




1704 һŭΪ
ڤɱʥصӼɱֱ֮ҶûϽռзųѰһ̶ϴ˸裬һɾ·
Ȼóͨʯ߰ڳһС͵ľԪ󣬽ʯŨԪ˹ˣָ
һսȻʱ䲻Ƕȴǳֲɱ۵Ȼֲȴǳķټ֮ǰѪƴӵİ˻ڣò˹ˡ
ԪҶΧ˾޴ãΧ֮ڵԪγԪ籩߾ۼ
Ӹ߿ϿԪ·𱩶һγһԪУҶλ֮ۡ
ʱ޵׶۶Ԫȫͨɺſëսڡ
Ԫžһ֮󣬻뵤УѨе̬Ӱģ̬Ӱʵ
Ԫϴˢľ𽥱޸øͣѪ糤һ㱼ڲݣ
⸽Ұ޺ˣ϶ûУžķ·صһ㡣
дʮѨе̥Ӱ·ʮ޺һ㣬Ϊо
Ҷ徧Өɢʥ⣬Ө͸һ㣬̥Ͻɫ֮
ͷϿһһڿٵ׷תγһ̫ͼΡ
ʣϢʹ֮໥׷γɵһ΢ƽ⡣
ڸΧ˸ŵâİԪطڻתǰ̬
ʮѨе̥Ӱ˿Ѿǳʵˣֻ̥дС֮𣬲ޱϵˡ
ʮѨе̥Ӱ̬죬ÿ̥̳صľģҶֻ⡣
ԣоУĻָٶȱ֮ǰ˽屶顣
ⲻĵȴҲһ˿ζ
һ̣ϲޱ˹ˣȻѭһ·תϢ
ԭҪܳ׸ԭ壬һʱ㳹Ȭˣ徧Ө޳޹
оԼһָߵľΣһֻζԴо
վʱҶŷ֣ڵо֪ʲôʱѾֹͣˣʯڳɵľԪҲ׻ٵˣʯ촷̵ۣԪȫˡ
ˣ
ҶռзųҶһ˵
ĶˣǱÿ˻ǱѿˣҶ仰˵Ī
ȻǺÿˣȻòûκα仯ȴǰͬˣֱ仯Ҳ˵Ĵ۾峺ЦеؿҶ˵
ֻҪûѿͺã
ҶЦЦǳȻ裬һ£˷ĵ΢Ц
ղŴɱľʲôˣ
ҶǣԼ֣һǰһʵ
Ǻ쳾ɱʥصɱ֡ҶĵĽ֮ǰľ˵һ顣
̫ɶˣɱֱ̫֯ɶˣҿûҪϴȥˡûӣŮ޵ɷʱüɱڵ˵
֪ǵϳ𣿻Ҫɱܹ֯ô꣬ȻЩֶεģĻôױˣ
ҶЦõ˵˵ĻͲˣܴڵڣ
ô˵ǸҶҵˣƲ
ɱڵ˵仰֮ʶⲻӦԼһŮӦ˵ĻæסС죬͵͵ҶһۣԼҶǰԭα¶ˡ
ҶЦãһѽڻУŵ˵İɣһȺҼСѣκβң
ðɣ˵㣡
ҶڻУɢŵϢ鼸ˣ૵˵
Ҷ˷۵糸պ˰һΪĹųǡ
ǳ֪С֮⣬һųˣһ־Խʰ˽״ÿ϶һ壬ɽ紵öĵ
ݴ˵ųԭзųǣʲôûʷ֮С
˸ĳλϵĴڶ򣬴ڵһλŷģĪ˽εĽϣΪ˳ǵһ־
˲ų֮ûκֱͣ۱ڴ˳ķֲȥ
֮⣬۱ķֲ鲼Ĵÿһǳأʥжо۱ķֲ֮Ӵ
Ϣҳȥһ£
֮÷ֲĸ˸Ҷһʵķ䣬ͷһǣ뿪ˡ
ҶȻ֪ҪȥʲôȴҲûֹɱʥصѾˣȻҪɫ
ȻˣԼĿǰʵ˵ҪоԶɱʥǲܵģ۱ȴкܴϣ
£Ҷֱϥڴ֮ϣĬĬ˹ӲϷκοʱ
Ѿھ۱ķֲڲȫȻǲõĵģɱʥصǿҲĿŵھ۱ķֲд̡
ҶĵĲɱʥأǸΪصڤɱʥء
۾ڴɱ֮ڤɱʥغں쳾֮ǰвҲʥصɱ֡
ûнڤɱʥҲ˽飬ġ
֪ͨܲ˵Ǿ۱Ҫ쳾ɱʥغɱʥս棬һ˪ųǵĸ˷Ը
ʲʲô
˾һ亹ͬʱɱʥսʥŮʲô̼ˣ
ʥŮҪ˼ºͺ쳾ɱʥؿɲǣûǵǣûҪĵսɣȰ
ǸҴɱҶ͵ǸǾ۱սˣҵĻȥзֲһе飬ȫҵ쳾ɱʥص˿
龡λߵѹ˵ɣֻҪӾˡ
ǣܲϢ
˵ͷתߵʱͻȻֱסˡ
ҸıʺõҪдһƪַϭģϭ򣬹쳾ɱʥأ
ǣȥ죡
ųǵĸתȥһڽϢӡ
鿴һۣĵͷҪдһƪַ쳾ɱʥصϭģ𣿡
ʥŮģҲǾ۱ĵӣΪʥŮЧҵҡ
Ȩ£Ӳ˾۱󱣴ĴϣӺͣһƪϭıдˡ
к쳾С֯壬ɥĲϮɱӢҶо˷ָ޺졭Ҿ۱ʥŮ飬ϭ£ٴ壬ַ쳾¶С֯λΪأ۱󹲷б֮磬
ƪϭĿνֽ˺쳾ɱʥصĸʥغϴڣϼûбǴɱڻкܶʥصͷԾʥأΪǵսƷڷţ޷̵ʵ
ܺã
ͨƪɵûͣ˵ˣȥܲɡ⣬ƪϭĸƶݣϭ£
һŭϭ£쳾ɱʥأ


1705 ǰĸ
ϭһ¾
˶û뵽Ҷϣɱ˶ƫ֮ûҶ鷳ɱˡ
𶯣
ܶӦϭģĳѰҺ쳾ɱʥصټ
ϸƷȫ֧ԼŮ۱зֲӵͷһУȫ쳾ɱʥص˿
ͬһʱ䣬ԺϲҲˣ;۱֣쳾ɱʥء
⣬ԺɮܣׯׯҲ׷վʹ쳾ɱʥصоʾҪ;۱һΪϧһдۡ
⣬ۼ壬˻ʼ塢ҡ»ʳҲлӦŴ󺷷Ҳݵĺ
һ޴ķ籩ϯ򣬼һµںħҲͬʱӦϭġ
쳾ɱʥҲû뵽ɱһҶǴ޾鷳
ңΪ𾢣־ҵ۱ĵ̣ߣʾһ׷ס
˵ףΪҶԼ׵Ѫܲɷ֣ҶԸعֻʱģһعġ
쳾ɱʥضҶ֣ڴιӣܲ
ڳ룬ҶϾ۱ʥŮŮˣ͵ڱĳԼ;۱սһˡ
ȻһЩģܱһֱҪðɣ
ҶǾ۱׼ŮȻԾ۱ҲǳģϾ۱Ȼûгۣӵ˵˿ΪҲ
һʱ䣬𶯣
ɳǿȥѰ쳾ɱʥصټ
ɱʥƺƾʧˣҲûгֹ
ڷųϢ˼죬Ҷҵ飬ȻܲԼɿ
˵ЩʱҶͳϾϵһңȴѾʵˡ
ðɣԼҪСġ
ֹҶٴɱֲ˵ġ
İɣһΣҲӦ֪ҶôױɱġҶĵģ΢΢һЦŵ˵
ѽ
һҶĶͷǿЦյһβɹһеڶδɱģʱҪԵɱʵǿǧܴⰡ
Ҷ֪ϣԼҲ˵ģֻõͷʾԼעġ
һȥģ뻹Ƿˡɵͯ糿ڣ˿ǲ˼棬˫Ρ
һ֮ĸҶֿˣԼϴ̨ܲȥˡ
ҶųǵĴʹ̨ӶϲֱӺɵ򣬶ѰеڴϿƣ֮ٴκա
κ֮󣬾ɾַѾԶˣҶûٿ̻ƶֱӷɹȥ
ƺնСٺɹͷˣʱٷе㲻ֵˡ
Ҷ۵糸һ㣬ڷеʱҶϵ׷ǲ׷ǲһصתͨķٶȻҪܶࡣ
~
ɽҶ·ٺˣ󲻶ϴȴûĸ޲۵赲ĽŲҲס
ǧ·¹ԶԶأҶɽһսУɽ˲٣òıˡ
ҶܹһϳƬɽɽΪԶڿе䵺
һεĴսɵĺܶཨѾˣɽŶǺؽġ
ȻʵȴûˣԪźŻһЩɵĵӣܲսؽˡ
ȻˣⱳǾ۱Ĵֺ֧ͰɾĳΪʷˡ
ɣ˷Ƕ㲻ˣ˺ܴı仯һЩϤʦֵǸһսˡ
岻ۡ
ƬսҶϷ·ڻɵսʱǲ۾ʪˡ

һ𣬽ӻʵ
һɽŴѾվˣѹѹһƬΪǸӣΪͨ۷壬ֻһܹԪرʺͷ
ɴī䣬еӣӭҶϻعţΪ׵ӭҶʩ˵
ڵӹӭҶϣ
һĿȵĿҶϳŲεĳݡ
λضֻǻҪˣ
Ҷпǧ뵱ǧӣεȵĶʢ
Ȼ޷ʥءϴȣ˵һˣڣЩҡᣡ
Ҷ룡
ī佫Ҷɵ´Լһ㡣
ҶϣڵҲˣȺװҿѵ˴ΣԸжΣһְҲɵķչ
ī֪֪֮ԼоԲʲô̫ķչҶֵܹĻƾҶɿֱһԾΪʥصĴš
ҶҡҡͷĿǰһûлĴ㣬ҲǲģŬչɣʲôѿҾ۱ǲֲܵġ
ǡ
īСĵʵϵĲԹɫĲ뵱š
ɺȣԵú˺̫ܶ࣬࣬Ӱľ
Ҫ̤ǿչ·ˣ֮ǰ
ҶһҲܻԼҪ̤ǿ֮·飬Ѿ飬޷ġ
һЩйɽչ飬ҶһЩ֮뿪ˣɽתһȦ
ɽܶļ䣬һλʵΣǸԼǰһʽĵ
֪䣬ҶѾɽɭѾܽˣûǸ޸
ҶɢǿϢ㽫ЩǸˡ
᫵ɽҶһԴϵĴ£ڴԱһں̶ɢĺΧݲʯͷ϶һɫĺ˪
ͯ糿˵ں̶ĵײһܵĶչ
һΣֱܻ̤ܿǿչ·¶ʱûٻˣҲǰĵɣ
ͨ
Ҷֱ˺̶֮Уγһ㵭Ľ⣬̶еĺ塣
̶Ȼûн¶ȴȱҪͣͨȥ˲ͻᱻһ硣
̶һƬû˿ȴӰҶߣΪֵزѲܻˡ
Ҷ˫âһ㣬ں̶Ѱš
Ȼκﶼ޷ļ¶ȵĺ̶֮оȻһֱƽ࣬͸ˣܷ֡
ܿ죬Ҷ˺̶ĵײȻһʯһɢ͵Ĺâ
Ҷֱ߹ȥһȻ뵽˹Ļ֮УһˮҲûУ͵Ĺâһһ㣬̶ˮ⡣
ʣ϶ĳλǰģɵʵ첻һ
Ҷ𣿡
Ҷ߽߱㴫ͯ糿ϲдһ˿ʹֻεúܺãŬһ˿ʹ¶




1706 
˭Ҳ֪ɺɽĺ̶֮£ȻһŶ
Ŷ󣬽һСҲûʲô裬ʯ϶Ƿǳ⻬ģûκʯ
ͯ糿չصǼʯУֻһź񴲣ɢžӨĹâӳյһ㡣
ƽĶۣͯ糿òȻû°׹ɫ㣬Ҳûô޹ȺȴһСұĸо
ڱչô֮ʺƺ˺ܴı仯ѩףӨ͸粻ʳ˼̻һ㡣
Ҷ磬ллң
ʯ֮Уͯ糿ںϣһ˫βסİ˲ʱ¶
С磬˲ܽκ⣬һҪУΪΪϣΪѵֵܽǱ𡣡
Ҷǰͯ糿ԴһϿҵ˵
ʼգҶԼãûκͷϣܹ
һģҶ磬İɣҾԱȻҵʺƽӹҾ
ŴҶϴͯ糿ᶨ˵
Ǿͺã㣬һ¡
ҶǾԼҪǿչ·˵
ʲô£
Ҫˣ̤ǿ֮·ǿչ·ȥ׷Ѱ۵ĽŲҶ¶ɫ
۶߹ǿ֮·Ҳưǿչ·жּʧ
ȻҲҪųǿ֮·ʱڵĴģԼҲһܹ
ȥɣһĬĬΪ
ͯ糿һ˿ʧ䣬֪Ҷǳ֮һΣպɱ¾Ѫ̾͵ǿ֮·ġ
һ죬ڵˣ
ģչؿ޸ǼįģûдնϺ쳾̫ĳɾ͡
Ҷһ£ʯûһʯȻԪǳŨҺˣڱչؿ޵ͯ糿˵Ծɲ
뵽Ҷȡһƿݵͯ糿ǰһЩҺ̲ĹЧðɣ
˵գӦֱӷ˺ϣȻóһЩƷʯһЩҩһѷںϣϼˣƷʯڰգ䳾貵ĹâյʯҶ
ҲҪôġͯ糿˵
չؿޣЩõţ㲻ΪҵģѰʯ˵¡Ҷóһʯ֮Ű֡
סδϣܷյĻԻͣǿͿˣҪ˴ҶһƬҶֳöĿ˵
Ҷ磬İɣԶ˴еģΪɻһܣ֮⣬̫ϳ϶֪ҲǲŸ׺ܾŸҵģϧѾˣ
˵һ仰ʱͯ糿ȦˣҲЩ
ʲôܣ
ҶĺıˣȻŵĴˣǱ˵͵ȣǺЩϴڣоԶĹϼȶ᲻ѣȻԶ˴У⾿ʲôܣ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ͯ糿ûϻش𣬶Ƿʵ
ȻΪǽɽϵԵˣʲô𣿡Ҷɻ˵
֪ɽΪʲôɽ𣿡
仰ǰҶסˣɽʤѵʲôɣ
ͺϵɽ̫ɽɽɽѵʲôĺ岻ɣ
ɽɽϣɽһֻĹǰıϣĶ˴Уᱣɵģڶ˴УǸܣ˴֮⣬û֪ͯ糿Ժ˵

ҶΪ𾪣ɽһֻϹıϣֻϹж
Ļ֮ǰǳ֣Ϊʲôֱأ
仰ҶûʳΪѾ˴𰸣ȻޣϾҲ࣬ĴսУܱΪͷѾ㲻ˣָԿ岻ɣ
С磬ڴ˱չأʲô𾪹Ҷ뵽һǳʵ⡣
ֻӶûУͯ糿ڴ˱չأҲܳʱ䲻Զ
ȻʿֻҪгԪԲԶνȫȷ¶棬ҪĽʳҪġ
ں̶һ㣬ʳҲζֻҪһְܼ겻ýʳʱҲֻһѡͯ糿˵
ԭˣ
ҶʱȻȻڱµļº̶棬ȻѰ࣬д˹ЧҲġ
һͯ糿ĿУҶ߳˶˺̶
ں̶ߵһʯͷ˹·Ҷûֱͣӷϸ죬Թ۵鿴ɽ״ơ
ɽռһɽﳤһڴϵľһ㡣
ҶһֱߴУֱɸ߿֮󣬲ѰеĹ۵˵ߡ
ɽȻĺһֻſڵϵֻѾȱȫˣƺ˴һ
˿̣Ҷױˣ꣬Ȼһֱûз֣ɽһֻ޴䡣
ҲɽȱأҪ˵Ƕĵʦδʲô֡
Ҳɸ߿ѰеĹ۵ϸ۲죬һһΪ뷨ڣǿһЩ
ΪжĻһˣǵʦҵҲδ֡
˾޴䣬ʵȻˣܿǿ׼۾ĴڣǱʲô˴ģ
ۣ
ҶԺ̸ֳ֮£˴ۣ˭ʵֶΣ
ֻʱ̫ԶˣĹ֮ǰ£ѾȫûʷУҲû̽ʷˡ
ֶιȻͨ죡
Ҷ̾϶ֻһǱ۴ģûܹһ׼۾طķ
䱾עطģǼӲޱȣֵܵһĶֵĹ
Ҳ׷һֻޱţɶȻĸ𣬼ʱ˴УҲһֻԻ͵ġ
Ҷ׼ȥʱͻȻ뵽һҲǷˣѵʲôϵɣ
ԽԽԼ뷨ȷģԺɽµĳڵϵ
ˣ
Ҷֱʩչһâ˸һɵ׳ϣƹӡ
ڿУϸ˼򣬶ڰպ뿪ɡ
뿪ɺҶֱǣǵĴ̨յȻշתصԺ
ӵһսҶΪӢۣ۽һǳеĴ̨Լʯˡ
ңÿһǳأܵҵĻӭʿ׽ʤ䷳
ѣֻܾȥ˿ڶ࣬ʿڶĳǳأԼ̻ƺա
ȰǸףҲ֪˶ٴβŽӽԺ
˵ǽӽʵҲС
ҶԼƺˣֻ߹ȥ
Ҳܹ˻һ׷ǲ׷ǲһ¼ٵĲԶԶûȫء
һȫһռңʱ䵹޲ͨ




1707 ǰϦ
ָƽЩڶìܣҲ֮һЩԹԵƽ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰŰˡ
ӵĴǳ
Ψһãû̫ţӡһû뵽һͱҶǿƻɱˣúܶʿһʵ
ܶмʶʿʶѾǻĹǰˣôķչȫʵƽƽ
ЩļҲò͵֮Ҫū壬һָյĻԻٹ⣬ҪĻӶͰռõԴ
徭ôľӪǾ۾ӵĳǳ޲ǷǳʺĵطȻǸۺ졣
ս¼֮ʶѾǳǿˣǵƴҲռκơ
׼ʳҲȡǿӲĴʩϽʿΪսΥϳͲ
£벻͵ܣޱߣܶطδ֮أʺʿ档
ƽ˶֪ҶĹͣһ֮նɱ弤ɵӣΪӮƽ
һʱ䣬Ҷ룬ʢֺ¼ͨ˶֪һҶһ֮ūǵҰġ
µķУҶڿԺΧɽĳһ
ϵʩչ׷ǲ׷ǲ˸̵ٶҲÿһ±ḡֳһƬģ··Խռһ㣬Ӱһǰɿ⡣
ҶԺ֮еʱԺˣԺĵӶӿ˳ʾףء
ߣʲô˲ģնɱһǲмڳ֣Ҳһܽն£
һ۵ĽȽСֹȺҶĿгĽʺޣ
κʱЦ޵˶ȱԺҲ⡣
˶ףҶսкϵʱһЩгʱ˵ĳ֡
ҲҴȥ˵ֻڰҧгݵķݡ
˶µʱһСֻܶĽķʽ϶ݵС
ҶӣȥȾưкܳʱûкһʹʹĺһˣҶͷϴһ˵
ãǲ飡ҶˬĴӦˡ
֪ξۻ֮һξۻ᲻֪ûУҲ֪Ƕ֮ˡ
Ҫ̤ǿǿչ·ˣԼκεǣҺźԣҪõֵһһۣ͵Ǻǵˡ
еĹ˶ʹĴһ
ʯҰǳпҲ֪һۣҶҪ̤ǿչ·ˣԺֵһ¾ûôˡ
Сӣ˵㽫ӸˣûʲôõսƷָ㰡
ţһСİǳˣ죬ʢѪһ㣬߳ĴצӴҶͷͷȥˡ
ûУӿŵĽʲôöû£ҶҲ൱ơ
ƽսնɱӣôӵһжսƷû뵽ǸһıûС
ҶǾۻܲ¥
˵䣬һֵʿһϣĵģоˮʳȫѣֻҪܽ㿾ľǾˡ
ֵʿѧԺ¥ϰ壬ʲôҶҲûܶԺĵӶƤ
ΪľƲ˹ףԺĵӲǵԺʥӣȻûôۺһٷսü졣
ĻΧԺǷ׷״ЦҶֵܣӦɣһĿɲһˣܿҪ̤ǿչ·ˣֵҲð
ƤҶֵǴ㿾ɲôˣǾӦ
û׬ǵʯǾͼԺ顣
һƤʱ첼һæӦУ˵ֻҪҶտľֻճɱǮӼۡ
ҶҲݸԼûľԺˡ
ҲǱˣ±ˬĴӦˣտⶫڵϲʲôرϡĶֻҪպûеƺõտǸ˶
ȥ׼ơʳģ
ҶӦˣֵʿʱϲֵõ߶߶Ļȥ׼ˡ
ҶѧԺڵӺһӱԺϲӵĽȥҪϲй̤ǿչ·һЩ顣
ϲӵĵطںܶԺʦǽأδٻϽ̤һҶ˵ȴˣܵκγͷ
죬ҶϲӵĽк˺ܶ࣬ϲҲ֪޲ԣ޲ܶйǿչ·ϵ顣
ϲӵĽгҶֱȥ˺ʯҰѾڶ¥ˡ
Ժ֮ߵĽˣվĵ¥ƾлᵱһɽСĸо
ξۻᣬĶˣ˺ʯҰԻȻ˵˾Ҳˡ
顢̡°׹߶ܿ񡢽𳤸ȵԭǶֵģҲˣ¥ַǷ
ȻųĳЩ˾䷹ԵģϾʳĶǶģƽʱǿûˡ
Ƥ˵ˣҶڴ˾ۻᣬоˮʳȫѣǻݺһ
һôˣƤˣ˵ȥĻóȥˮȻ޷ջصģֻܿԸһĲȺͽѲǧư
Ҷ֣ҾһԤףǿչ·һ˳ң
𳤸ƱҶ˵
ԶԶԣȹͬٱףҶֺɨǿչ·ɹ֮һٱ֡
ǿչ·ѾһˣܶʿҲ˽⵽֮⣬ããУҲвǿߣ˿٣ǿ
Ҷ֣һڲõĽҲ̤ǿչ·ȥ׷ѰĽŲȻʱҲܴҲϧ
ǿߵ·Լɱģ̤ŵ˵ʬǵǶǾͳΪ˵̤ʯ
Щпһοǿչ·ʱԾʵ޷Σصǿչ·Աûǰ
һΣԺˣǿչ·ٴοҲ֤һԼ
ȶЦǿչ·֤ɻʣ
Ǻȶˣָ˴ʴʡ
ģ
ʯҰйâһʥʯˣһȺ˶ɫƵΧ˹ȥ
һĻҶ̲סЦˡ
һۣ֪ʱ
ЦţЦţҶ˼ʼǿչ·̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
Ҷ֪һ·עҪѪͰ׹Ƕ




1708 ̤ǿչ·
㲻һʶ
һƲ̽ŵĨ֮ͣˡ
һֱȵ죬Ҳ֪ȵ˶̳ǧ۵Ƥˡ
һҪ£Ҷŵڱһֿľտ䷽Ҳ
ҶտνǶ䷽˺ܶҩͱҩĳɷֺ͵ϵտѾԵĲͬζˣԵ˲ͷȥ
ڶһ磬ҶŰǵԺĴ̨նȥûоκˡ

âһѿ
ҶͰǳλĵԺҵԺԺɮܣ˵⡣
ǿչ·ڵ֮ؾȵ֮ؾϣлҪ˵
ɮҲϻֱӶõԺĴ̨ҶͰһ֮ؾ
֮ؾлɣԪ뵣֥һ귲ݣʯȪɽޡ
֮ؾҶŰǾֱ۳ȥһ·ٵԺĵӣȻʶÿ˿ĵͷ
ҶʵӮ˵Ժӵأ֮ʵѾŽһûŻ֮
ڹͬĵǰʿ˳ɼͬ飬ͬԿ塣
ҶڶԿ˾˵ĹףΪϣȻӮʿһء
̤۳ǣҶڵ۵м˵Ժĵϡ
˿̵Ȼ̬ӣͷˣһͨһҶȴ֪ȴ̺Իص
һ׼۾ǿߣȻ֪׼ۼ죬ȴժ׽µͨ
ϣһʵ˺ܶ࣬ͷԵĸҶһ仰Ҳ˵
ˣ
̧̧ƤʾҶһԣ˵Ҫ̤ǿչ·ǿ֮·
ţ
Ҷصĵͷ۶ǿ֮·ȻҲ
֮Ҫ̤ǿչ·һĿģǾǽǿչ·еĶ֣Լĥµøǿȡﵽ׼۾磬ȥժҩƾۻ굤
·Ҫ˿̽ǿչ·ѵ㲻´·Ŀ𣿡ʵ
ʲô·Ҫ𣿡
Ҷǵһ֪ϢϢǽڸʥ
ʮ꣬꣬·ؽԱѪݳģдϵͷ
Ҷһ
ʱҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҳôô˭֪ʲôʱ·ѵҪݵ겻ɣ
ɱСˣϤܼܶһ˵ֻǳ·漰̫࣬ҲֻܳŵʱζѣѾǳѵˡҶĲм΢ЦŽ͵
ʱ̫Ҳһֱȴų·ĿԣһǾǿչ·ȥһҶ˵
Ǻðɣѡǿչ·ʬǣпϣܰȫɣ
û˵ʲôվҶ۵ȥҲ費ĸں档
۵п˿ռƣ濴󣬵ȴǬڵ۵һϵʯ̨ư߲͸µĲɣ
վʯ̨ǰһһ˵⣬ʯ̨֮ڡ
䣡
һȵϢҶȻ֣ʯ̨ϾȻһƵĹ۵ĵûƲ֮С
Ҷſһ£Ҳнٲ㣬ΡʷĺظС
֮ͨһʮŲ㣬ǿչ·ļ̨һڣȥɣ˵գ֮ڡ
ҶͰȻҲ߽˹УŽһֱ֮ͨ㡣
ս붥㣬Ҷͷ֣֮ͨ룬һ̨ɰʯɣÿһʯһѲķġ
䣡
ӡһ⣬ķ˺ż˼̨˿ʯͬʱâӳ֮С
أ˿ʯвϱãϣγһȶİͼΣ˸Źâ
ڰͼεһƬ貵ǿգǿչ·ʽķ˽һʱ
ټһŻģ
Ҷϣеĺպֵܻӻ֣ǿչ·ȥ
֮ʱƬضҪΪսҪ֤ǿĵδɵԸ
ǴСУҶקβϽǿչ·֮С
ˣ
ҶͰǳ׽ǿչ·֮󣬰˿ʯĹâʧűպˡ
ϣƽ磬ɹǵҫ
Ѿʧ˵ţ૵˵
Ҷ뿪磬ȴ˺ܶഫ˵
һ֮оԶңŵžڰǨսǿˣܹŵӣսʮߣһ֮ڼȵΪúƽϣƴӡ
һ׮׮һһˣ
ʿΪһʿеķᱮ
˶Ϊһ·̤ǿչ·Ҳܻˣһһ˻ˣʹ˲֡
ǿչ·Ĳпᣬܶ˶֪Ҳ֪·̭̫ˣһ˽ֻ
ķ紵ݼŵĹһ˿һ
ɳأҶĿԶһƬ
ƻʱ֣һƬİطƣޱȻûһ
˷뿪˹˹ˣŰһ̤ͬǿ֮·û˳ֻ޾Ĺ¶į
һʼǻƶһһᷢһԼۣȻףϾи˵ġ
˺Ƕô˵ˣΪǼ̫ûκĹˡ
ˣǴһŹǵһŹǣ֪ƣ룬ظûһ
嫵ڰޱ󣬾ȥûоͷ֪뿪ɹǶԶˣҲⱲӶزȥˡ
ǰ֮ͨ˵һ㽵һźСĹϡ
Ӽ̨ͰʮǿŹҵһС͵ļ̨ɡ
м̨ǵͣҲζֻǰû˿·ˡ
Ȼǿ֮·һ̤ϾҲܻͷˣΨһֱȥֱлȥĿܡ
ûĿֻ꣬һ̺õĹ·ǰУֻ㣬֪յ㣬С
ʲôǿչ·ôĶûУ
һ߱ԹһɢŹѰҼ̨
⼸ǵϰߣÿһŹǣǾѰҺһ̨
ΪֻܶӶҲˣǶûм
ˣɳڱգˣɳʱƬĮгһЩҵĺǡ
ಣ
һһȥЩаһ飬ɥ˵ʲôûУһЩƷʯҲð
Ҷһʵ̫̰ˣ˶ŹѾкܶ˴̻Ĺ·ˣƷʯҲԲŵġ
Ҷ߹ȥϸ۲ڱǰҵĺзһ׵ı۹ǣƺһЩϵ֣֡
ϣҶɴµĲ³˱۹ϵֵ˼˵֮ţӴ̤󣬽ʼĥѣ


1709 
ɴ˿ʼô
Ҷ
ҶСӣƹͷϵĹʲô˼
ǿĹ֣Ҷѯʵ
Ҳϲȫ˼ǣ֮ţӴ̤󣬽ʼĥѣҶ˱۹ֵ˼
˼ѵ˵û𣿡ǲ˵
ˣ˲֪ٹǣݶû
˵ⶼĥѣôĥѽжôֲ
ܿ죬Ǳֵ壬ŹϣǾȻӦ̨˿Ϣ
ѵǰ·Ѷϣ
Ҷпһ£ɲǸͷ
תһ룬Ҳܣǰ·ѶϵĻħӦöŹϲŶԣǲڣѰ˼̨ɶȥˡ
㻨˰µʱ䣬Ű˫ıӣڻɳ֮ѰǸ͵Сͼ̨
еļ̨һȫ԰ʯɣֻŹϵļ̨С˺ܶ࣬ϢѰǰ޷֡
Щ׹ǣδҵ̨ľڴˡ
ˣ
⻪һҶͰʽ̤ǿ֮·
ͨУ˷ܵҽУһվǽήһĹˡ
ͨУʱңʱֹʱһҶϤҲ⡣
ǸƵʦ֣գͨеĻϰˡ
úһƬѹ֡صϢҶͰȺţһص硣
꣡
¡¡
ŹϳŨϢвʱɽǧٿףһƬĿġ
Ҷڵ֮·ܵ˴̼һתë׶ſˣ̰ſеϢ
һ򰡣
Ҷ̾ѣĻУ棿
Ҫ˵࣬ûµľκҲ޷Ļ氡
ҶͰȴڴУŹϣͷ·ǵһŨϢǵκвΪǵ֡
Ų׵磬ҶͰһ·ǰУѰŹϵļ̨ѾŹˣĻǶ޿档
˿̣ҶµǣŹϵļ̨Ѿ񱩵׵ˣĻǿǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
ǰ˰ҶͻȻǰɽоȻïʢ׻ݣϢŨΪҺ塣
ôܣ
Ҷˣ׻İŵؾпժ˲١
׻㲻ҩԱҩƷҪߣӦǱҩļ𣬼ǶԿľѱҩ
ɽǧһͷȫ׻ݣŨϢΪïʢ
Ҳѹֻ֣£׻֮⣬Ҳ棬һ·ϣʯɳĮ֮⣬ʲôҲûмǿƶ޷ֻ档
ö׻ݰ
Ҳ̾
Ȼ׷ģǶ׻ͨıҩʶġ
꣬߾׻Ϊ𣬷ƾѪôܺҶ⣿
꣬Ҳ߹ǿ֮·ĪŹǺʲôϵɣ˿ɻ˵
ҶҲãŹӦúйأ򲻿ŨϢ
ϰף׷߶֪꣬ôǲɹǵԭס񣬻ǴɹȥģҶѯʵ
˿ػ߾Źϵģôֿܴ۹ıأ
Сӣ֪ʲôԲܣ˼Ҿ⣬ɹˣһӹɣ
бҶһۣһҸ㼱ı顣
˽Ƭɽȣժ˴׻ݣֱҩȻضǣɹȴǳϾֻϢǳŨĵطŻ̡̫
ԣһϵŹǵĻôһŹʲôҶ϶˵
߼Ȼ̤Ϲǿչ·Ȼ϶ŹǣŨϢŹԭĻǾﲼĳֺ֡
ҿ
ҶͰһļϣŹϿ̽ŹȻԶûɹǴֻɹһô󣬵ȴҲСˣǳ
ҶͰǶ¼ٵ׷ǲ
չ׷ǲ֮ҶʶȫȫɨΧһС
ڣʶѾǳǿˣһΧǧڵһбӳʶС
ףŨϢ
ǰ̽ʮ֮ͻȻ̽鵽ǰȻŨҵϢ
ô£Ϣ鲼ôŨϢҶͿˡ
ϢϢĿǣڳϢĹôܻôŨϢ
ŨϢҶжϳϢҹǿʥ̺Ϣ١
һŹϣϢϢͬʱƵԲңϢƺ໥ԼȻڲϵײ˭Ҳκβ˭
ҶСӿҷֻŵˣ
Ҷ׼һ̽ʱʶյǵĴʱˣϾȻ棿
̫˼ˣ
̸ϵڵλãԶԶأͿһڲɼһϵ׻
׻Ʒ׻ݸ߶ˣѾԳƵҩҿ׻ĴСҩˣСҩ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ׻Ӳժ֣ȥȴֲҡ
óȻᣬʵԲ֪ͣȥĻùĿ϶Լ
ԣżæʶķʽҶϣҶ֣׻
˵ҪɱŹ׻ָ߼ɫֻмȻʶ
ʱ򣬻ŪһãȻ֪׻Ǻö
һ֣ǼһԲǵĶ֣׻ƽΣߥҶ
û뵽ŹϾȻԭס񣡡
Ҷ̾󾯸ǵٴ⣬ȻŹϵԭסǾ;ԲֹԼĲ٣ҲĸԼаɣ
Ҷ֮Ҳǣֱ˹
ҶҲŰ߹ȥ̫ʣܹΪ
˫߽֮ҶͰǶĲӵ̺Ũҵ֮ɫĵâߣʱǳȡ
ӼҶͰ֮󣬲еȣƽ˵İɣͼ̨岿صУնɱʮɻõϴͼ̨ʸ񣬽һط
Ҫɱ𣿡
һӷ׻ĵط˵
ԹĹأҪôǾһֱֱԸնɱʮΪֹ
˫âֱӴҶ˫ۣ岿ڵشתߣͣ




1710 
λ̨
תߣҶæ
ЦԼкܶûüأôһߣԼ˭ȥ
ǻ𣿡ͣס˽ŲתҶʵ
̨γƺ
Ҷ׽Ȼʣܶ࣬һġ
ҽױûµĻҪȥˡ
ױƺżҪȥϾдһСҩҲЩ㷲ΪҶǳԼ׻
֣ʲôϵµãҶʳ˺Լ⡣
ױ̺Ũ֮жϳȻڲ˿ֲ֮
ڵ֮νͬͬԴǳơ
ã弫пϵһ֧ǵϵ
Ϊɹǣֻ˵ӣȴûκãǺ֣
ƾʵѪĻȻǿȵӴ壬ǿһʥء
Ȼ
ɹǣֻߵķĹȴûκѪԼĴŹҲδ֪
ʲôߣ֪ûνߣĴϵ߾ױЩȵĿҶͰ˵
ԭ
ҶͷʵϢϢĿΪʲôŹϻŨϢ⣬ǰǲһ·ʲôʱ뿪ģ˶ˣ
Щ㻹ǴϰɣҲҪˣףǺˣױԵЩͷ˵仰ת뿪ˡ
˼תҶͰ˵ǸҸ棬ﲢûɱǳѲ㲻þͻɥҾԲ뵽򣬷ɡ޷սʤǿڣǺΪ֮ɣ
˵꣬ױٲͣչӰһСڵ㣬ʧڵƽϡ
ô죿
ǺҶ
϶йϵܸܵõѪбȻӰӣĵ˵
ߣߵϢνǳϤױڵ֮·ܸо
֪㣬Ǹô죿ֱȥĴϣȥɱҶ˵
չذ°ɣȥɱÿǸ𣿻ѵõǣǲǵĹأ¾ҵҲ޷ϴͼ̨Ǽǽͼ̨ٵĻǾͳɵˡ
ѵһΣûԼ׷߶
һƬϢ֮ܲҶͰǺܿıԵ
һ֮ȴȫͬ硣
򵽴Ϣûй⣬ҲǺܺڰҰһƬŴ״һƬȡ
صǦƣɽһѹУÿһռ䣬ס磬û⣬û»ûǳ
һڰ磬ûκѤõĹʣֻ谵İϰ׹Ҳ֪ɣǹǷۡ
˶˲ֲֿ
Ҷ֪ڣһֻѪԶֻа׹߶ͷй˸İ졣
ģаˣɹͷˣȻû͸ӹ
ԣҲᱻ֮Ϊˣ
뵽ڣиҹǵȫҶһȭ顣
ЩеСආѣ㲻ڻɱ֮ûκζֻһصĹǷۡ
⾿һʲô簡
߳˺ԶȻǰ׹̵أͷǰããһƬ
Ҷˣֲ̫ˣһǣȫҲôມǣγɵģ
꣡
ͻȻһĹ⼤ƬһƬնһ˺ɫĹì̺ӴϢ
飡
ҶָһһâֱӽìѣǰԶһɫӰڹɽϣ׹Ǵͬ
Ұ׹һ򵹣ĤݣȫսսŨ֮ѹƵԶһ¡
ڵ
Ҷ˫âʵ
ͬ£ûκǰʵҲ⡣
Ǳʶ
ҶͷеĹɨȥ
ΰ漣⣬ܿء
ǸҶһԲëըˣĿǸɫܵв
໺𡭡
ǺɫһҶͰŨϢһ޴İƣצһ㣬ա

Ҷη壬ӭɱɢ֣ԪѸһϢ۳ɵİƸһƣݺݵĺϢɵİײһ
䣡
һϯǧڶһನбֱӻ˹ǷۣɢƬؼ䡣
飡
Ҷһȭ׻ˣֲϢκβֺ˲ٴϢ
Ҷǰһľֶˣͷժ

ҶʶнӵһѶϢȻģΪ졣
ﻹʶǾγɵģ
ҶϸźɫͷǺܳʱ䣬Ĺаһ˿˿ӡطľ
ΰ塭
Ҷ۲ڵĻջ࣬һָĨ˶ԷĻ
Ѿˣ㳹׽Ѱɣ
ҶҲڵĻе֪ˣնɱһ֮󣬻һ䣬һڡ
ҶһӣֱӴɢ˵ϵĹǷۣһ֣һſŻ鱻Ȼϰö֮࣬СһʾŸղűɱʵие͡
ױû˵ڻɱʮ֤֮ǾãҶͰԼӦֻܷġ
ͬʱĨɱʱҶҲһе𾪵ʵ
Ƭãã򣬾Ȼһֻ߾ǿе߶еҽӽ
Ҷȥ̽һֻҪ߾﷢֣ӦûΣյģѰû
ˣʲôѾֱȥգ뿪طɣ
֪Ҷļƻ֮󣬰Ǿ߾ǿɲġ
ҲûֹҶֵĸں̽ȥ
Ҷһ·ǰУϢĺܺãÿһƬһرǿĹ飬ȴûж֣оն
úԶһ޴ʯΧӰӰ´£Ӱ飬һ壬û˼Уû¶طĿε
Ƿ˿еĹ꣬һδųܶѣôƬô࣬δͨ顣
Ҷƽ޴ʯǰۿĹ֣Ȼĸ֣Ծ
һ־棬һ壡
վʯǰǵصϢӿ纣еĸƼ㣬ʱδ
Ҷûټ룬ǴŰϢ˳
Ϊоһֲֿѹ߾ƺˡ
߳ҶŰһ·岿ȥ


1711 
ǹŹ֣ȻϢϢͬʱڣҲսɣ
ҶŰǣسɴ磬һ±㸡ֳһƬģ··Խռһ㡣
̫ˣϢϢͬʱƵ໥ȴʼ˭Ҳκβ˭
ҶͰû뵽Ǹʥ﷢ǡ
ǱһʥﶢϵĻӲаǵĴưҲûá
ʥǿһƾգǴӿռͨ
ҶСӣҸҴģν壬϶µһ֧ѪϵϢ̫ˣһһҶ˵
š
ҶͷҲôãղǸױڵȷŨϢһ
µһѪĻǿ϶Ϊѹʲôд۵ػԲ顣
һ㣬ûɹκεͳͲѿĸǴǿߣһҲȴ۹һʥǴ´ġ
һʱпһƬϵĽȫʯͷǳԭʼ
ƬϵĽΧһƬİأֲҲ׻ܹŨϢ
İݺĵ·ϣǻ˲ػصæµţмһ԰ľ
Ϣ˲٣ƺʲôƽֲϢһ
һ·ϣҶı㹻Ϣ֮ǿʢˣӨıɫ⣬Ӣ䲻
ףôôˣҲѾˣֻиԻɱʮܻ֮õϴͼ̨ʸ𣿡
ҶͰƬϵĽȥʱӭһˣȻ֮ǰνĹصױ
˿̣ױһﻳɵĿҶͰߣһҲûеϴͼ̨ʸ񣬻ǹԹԵİչذ¡ı顣
ҶǸڵСʿѣʵ̤пǿչ·ġ
ߵǿҲǴľѣߣ繷ǿչ·ϣʵԱ⡣
еǳֲûκֻ֪֪ɱ¾Ϣκһ˵ǼѲģûĹֶΣҪôʱڻɱʮֱǲܵġ
ʲôѵǾͲնɱʮ֮𣿡ǲ
У
ױмİ˰һۣƾǵʵҪôʱڸնɱʮǰ׳ô
Ҷû˵ֱӽʮŸѴĻȡǰһΣ֪Щ֤ܲѾɱ˶ʮأ
⡭
ױ۾һӵԲˣҶеĻԹʮҴӻĴЦնɱʵԲ⡭ôܣ
֮£ڿ񱩵ܹ֮ϢʴٻɱͨʿͲܲϢӰ졣
Ҷ֮ǰѾӵһ̤ǿչ·ʿЩһ綼ǰ˸ߣڻɱʱҲ˲ٹʮ
ǰˣò֮ǰ߹ʿһأôôɱ˶ʮ
Ҫ֪ǿ׻ݣڵץһѣǲվﲻֵ׸ġ
ĻҲûҪŻĹˣĻ֮⣬κҲ볤õȥ
ǲڱĵطɱôô񣿡ױһɵҶ˵
ҲỳɣκһҲỳɣϾҶֿû̫ʱ䣬Ҫ˵һڵܹôʱڻɱʮԲš
⻹һֱǣϢȻǰ˸ǿʢһЩҲԲܲϢӰ졣
ǿչ·ϲʿҲ̤ͬǿ֮·ǶҲǳ˽⡣
ûУҲǵһμôܸΪʲôôŨϢǿ
ױɣҶȻʧЦԼɱ̫ﷴǱ˻ˡ
ǴδӴôôʱھĪʲôصķܹϢӰ첻ɣױЩš
һһҲ̫˰ɣ
ʮﰡǣҪɱʮҲҪʱ䣬ǰ˺ֻģ
ҾͲشˣ
ûмĴ֮ǰǾԼõߴе顣
ǺðɣҹҾһΣǴӺδγƺ
ױ̬ҲϾֻŹǵûʸ̤ǿ֮·ֻҪûٵѡ
ҽҶϰףɹǣҶָָߵİ˵
ҽаƺҵȫ߰ͷ­˵
ǰ˺ܿߵĺˣҲ˿⣬Ͼ׷ߵģűҲЩ˵ĳ
ʲôҶɹǣ
ױӶʱԲˣ޷޵˵ûǿЦΪͲ֪ɹǵ飬ѾˣûҪȥðɹǵĵһš
Ŷô֪ǾðģһϷʵӿױ˵
ɹĸǣҵȻ֪ɹѾһ˴̤ǿ֮·˵ɹһһҶ⣬Ҳǿ֮·ģϧһ϶ֲƵļ̨͵֮ʧˣٳˣԣðʵ̫޴ˡ
ױ˵꣬ĿҶͰǣһǵĻԱҴˣôճı顣
ЩϢ߹ĴħģΪ̤ǿ֮·ʱҶɱ۵ĵعбʱڵɱۿŰأȻ֪
ǵ⣬Ҷϵļ̨ͶˣƾԼʵԷɲˣһں嫵кľΪһƯеıʬ塣
ôû˵˰ɣ
ױ˵ˣһ֪ɹǵǿչ·ԲܿôڵģÿһοҪ׼һ˽֮ǰɹÿǧֻһΣһѾȥˣٴοʵ˵ɣǾʲô֣
ĽҶҲɹǣûҪȥðκˣŲţǾͲҵˡҶε˵
Сʲôվǰ㷴ʶˣ
޶ҪҶһȴֹˡ
Ȼ˼ѾΪ϶ðģôҲûãöԷΪΪԼ⡣
ǵġ
ǲʵĹһҲ֨ˡ


1712 
ױȻ϶ҶðģȴҲûٵѣǴƬϵĽȥ
ƬϵĽΧһȦդһĶ֮ΧסˣȻۣܲҶȴЩդϲ˿ֲĲ
һȦդȻߣסʵÿһդ϶ƣҪϿշɹȥ޿ܡ
һդһһ㣬ܹɱиô˵صߡ
ܿ죬ҶͰǱױĴդǰһվڵսʿױͷ
ȥĻģǸ˭ɣһ£ˣ
ҶͰǴդǮ֮ױ˼ת뿪ˡ
սʿͷҶ˸ƣ˵ȥ֮յʯݱ֤ĵطȥｻ˻֮󣬾Ϳϴȥͼ̨ˡ
л
Ҷսʿл֮󣬴Űһ·ƬϵĽȺȥ
ЩӲʯͷɵģܹܵס飬ᵹ
ʯͷɹǼܵʹˣһӡĻ鲻
սʿָ㣬Ҷ˳ҵʯݣʯݿͱ𴦵ĽûʲôֻͬڷϷһģ̡
ûָĻǿˣҲԲ֪·ʿĵط
ˣ
Ҷһţдһϵɣ
ҶŶ룬Щ谵ŵĵطһʯӣһߣһһµĴ˯
ǰģգ
ҶĽʮöóһſǰʯϡ
ûȫóΪãȻҪЩ飬϶õģֻҪԼͰܹؾˣĻԼȽϺá
ҶĻߵ۾΢΢һ죬ǵĹâϵĻɨһۣͷһ֣սԼ
ţ˺ܲεĻ֮ǰҪúܶࡣ
߲ΡΡĴվƺʱпܵ
߰ɣȻѾôʸϴͼ̨ˣɣ߳ʯݣҶԶȥ
ǰĴϣ֪㣿Ҷһһѯʵ
ҪǴʲô𣿡
߷ǳȣ·ʱ򣬶ȲҪ뿪磬ôҪϵģ
ЩĴ̣Ҷżɽ
ʲô£ĴڱչУκˣʲôҲңܸģȻ㡣˵
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УߵĹ׵ǹĳ·ǿգǷٹ
֪ߣǴģʲô֣
۾ʱԲˣ⣬һ̬ӵӶûˡ
ҶǴɹġ
Ҷٴ˵һ飬ױţǰӦҲ᲻Űɣ
ʲôǴɹģ
ˣһĵڵɹʲôܸ˵˵𣿡
ͷòͨ
һ˵ҶСӿɹһĵһţʲôʥӣʲôӣǰʲôǣɣӡڵòҶСӸˣõĵ۱׵ǹǹϿɣõĴУݶܼĴװڵĵС
һͨףҶЦãԼҵȫˡ

߳ɵˣһ˼ĿҶðƽ¼飬żæŵʵ˵ĵõ˼ҵĴУ
š
ҶͷҪĴϣǱҪԼݣ˼һӴļĴƾʲôһСʿ
಻ԸţҲòش£֤һõĴС˵
ҶͰǶһЦ֪ţȻ˵ôʮа˾νľһ֧Ѫˡ

£Ҷֱʩչɫ֮һȭһ֮ȭͷϣԶһɽһֱһɵ͸
û֮ȷص
˷ܵ۷Ź⣬Ƕ˰ĶǿСһҶ۾з̹⣬Ȱǻǡ
ڵȵ˼ҵĴˣ
˫ϥأһлϲԵӡ
վ֣صҶ˵ԭҸղŵһǾʹ㣬ֵĻҾͳǧˡ
ҶЩĪæߣǰˣðˡ
㲻֪Դǿչ·֮һֱڵȴĵ
һ޴ӣҶҪнٱչ֮ǰ㵽֮Ҫ֪
ǰ߾ʲôϵҶתƻѯʵ
棬߱Ǹ֪ܣΨһѪķϢĹģ
ŹҲԲԣɹҲ٣˺ڰңϵȫˣʱѾ׼۰ˣʩչֶΣŹǻӣϢѹϢеһǣָ·һĿ飬ǲڰϣһѹ
֮ԱչأΪʮǰһ˴ģսһǿ󵽲˼
һսν磬˭Ҳ֪յĽʲôϻŻˣȴҲ˺صˣ˲űչˣ²κ˵Ļ
ԭ
Ҷͷ֪Ĵϴսĺпܾ֮ǰӦǸֲĴڣʥ
ЩЩ׷ߵİǶ֪ȷ˵ߵ־ͽһͲ֪
ԭܼ򵥣׷ߵʱѾߵʱˣǸʱ˭ֱߵ䣿
ȴ۵ĴڣҲͲһֻ벽֤ɹʮء
Уߵ־ͽ˵ˣֻǵһȴ۵˭ǵʲô֣
һ֧Ѫ֮˼ûٴǷˣʵЩأЩ˸С
ǰȷһΣֻ˲ʱ뿪ˣǵõϢ˵ڳһ֤۵ʱʧˣ֮ҲûκйؼϢˡ˸е˵
֪ڳ֮ǰ뿪һʱ䣬˵ȥ쳾гƺ˻֮У૵˵
ڰı֣ҶһҲ֣һ׷߶֪꣬һЩҲġ
˼ҵѵûиµʲô𣿡
Ǻܿʹ˸ѹѯʵ
ҾͲ֪ˣǴϿеĵ伮Ҵȥ˵˶ԲΨɹǵҶˣһҪ
˵꣬߱ҶתƬĵǶߴĽȥ




1713 
ƬϽȺǵͰʯͷӣΨмԵøߴһһ㣬ư硣
һ·ϣҶܶ˶ߴкǰصͷ£еĵλ
Ҳ˶ʺһ󲿷ֶͨˣڵѪѾǳˡ
ȻͨˣʵҲ۷ʿˣΪ⻷ﲻͨˡ
ÿֻҪʱȻõЩͨˡ
ԶʱѾǳΰƲˣ߽֮Ǹе𺳡
ȫӲʯͷɣÿһʯͷ֮ⶼ͸ȥ
ߴʮɵľ޴֧ϵźܶкܶҶδδš
ɵöϵĹеһ˿η֮飬ֽģµĲɣ
ϵĹ߸ܵţԶȥبŴҴҵֲ
߽Ҷвϥţÿ϶ɫ֮гŨϢ
ڴԵһ£ȥͨ
ϽҶͰǰһƫеȺԼҴ뿪ˡ
ҶǳأûʶȥɨΪ֪ŵЩǣһɱʵ
Ҳʵƺ뵽Լ׷ʱ֣ԵЩ겻ӡ
ϱˣԸ˸Ҷһ裬˵Ѿ֪㵽ˣϾͻ㣬ʲôˣҪʧһ£ΪһЩҪ
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ҶĿ뿪˴
һûк꣬㴫˽ŲһͳĴ
ҶæǰʩҶμǰ
ضǼĴˣڱӦñǸ󣡡
ˬʵЦ˽Ҷ档
Ҷһǰϣʮµӣ˫һҲ̬֮ǰԵˡ
Ҷ֪Ϊﵽһ֮Ȼ󣬵ʥΪȻԷϻͯԼ״̬ͣʮ»ǲġ
ҲǺܶ壬һǿһҪԵԭ
λӦþڼʱ׷ɣЦе˵
ȻҲǱͷЩˣۿ˵ͣ
ǽԴ˵
ҶЦãһ̫ƷˣҲǰ˭ʴʣ˼ҪԸһٲ
ϵǲΪ裬û˵ʲôֻǵһЦ
ʴϣ˼һ﾿˵ЩʲôڼǰĹǷٹҶλݵĴ̵
Ҳɹϵˣ꣬ŹϵطһڰУҲŹһֱڶǿԭ򡣡
꣬һҪɺɽѹͬʱЩǿ֮·š
һ۾֮ǰʱļʵʢʱ׼۾۷壬ֻһһ죬֤ۡ
ߵʱһЩ˵ԼҪȥ۾磬Ӷѹڰҵﶼпںڰ֮Сʵ̫ǿˣ
ڼȥ֮ǰһ֮Ƶⲿѹôꡣ
˵һ裬ͣһ
ô˻ᣬҶȥͬʱҶСӣһҪõܹߴеҪһǿտֻˡ
ҶɫĵͷҲõΪ֮ǰõûĽƪܶûС
Ϊڴ۵ĴڣôûпԼأԭأ
ʲôʱҲ˸Ҫ
Ҷа̾
˼ѵûһЩ𣿡ǽҶûʳĻˡ
΢΢һЦȻˣΪƵ֮⣬ϱʱһЩϸĽĵᣬЩ޼֮۶˵Ƕκһʿԣ޼֮
һ㣬Ҷ޷һڴ۵׼ۿıԿһʥȻ޼֮ˡ
ɹǵʱ򣬾۱ϣֱʥǿߵĵöܳһŵȥοˡ
ֻϧԺǵõֻм۾ʧܵϢҲûм˼ˣ˵ɹˡ
˵ЩʱЩˡ
һϣ֤棬ȴʧܸգһδ̤۷徳磬γһǧŴ󺶣
к
Ȼ֪ˣϢʱ򣬰ǻ̲סˡ
һʱ䣬Щѹ֣ҶҲ֪˵Щʲôˣ£޷ο
һȻָҶ˵˵õ˼ĴУڽֵزˣ
ҶƬ̣Ҳ֪ǵ˺ֵزˣʩչָһº𣿡
Ӧˣ
վϽɫĹâһ֮һһζɢſֲĲ
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ڴʾ£Ҷȫһȭؿڡ
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һ죬ò϶²ٻҳȴȻֱӽҶĹˣȴµһʯˡ
ССܹͣ˵زѵã̫ѵˡ
һȣ޵
ˣҵ
ҵ̫ҵˣûƾԼܹд˳ɾͣʲԾˡˬʵЦˡ
ھһ˼֮Ҷ˵ҶǼĵӣȻɼĵ۱ϿɵģҲǼϿɵĵˡ뽫㣬ĵҲһ㣬ϣܹзȡ֤ɵۣѹڰҡ
⡭ǹΪĵ伮ѧһƤëѾ֪ˡ
ҶǳȣȻܿõǴ˽ͣȴЩˡ
ʣ˵ʾͺʣܹûеõ½ֵزʺģĵ۱ѡ㣬۹ⲻġһ˵
ɵСӣϽӦ
һԻʵ۲̫༱ϵʶߴҶӦ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˵͹ˣ




1714 䴫
Ͷ
ҶӦ¶οЦݡ
϶ԣ֮ѡҶһΪҶѾõ˲ߵĴУߵ²ˡ
һ棬ҲϸѵŻϵǱڰң򲻵̤ǿ֮·벽
۹ûһ񲻿ϧ
ţһҶзǿչ·
ɣ
Ҳٵ飬ֱӴҶͰ߳ƫȥ
ţ
֮УһȺ峤ڱչصĴϾȻһ˺һֻеĽȥ¶˲ɫ
еĵλǺߣ
ȻԽӼһͨˣʲô
һ˫΢âҶɨȥƺҪһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һݣʶеľڷ·ܵ˴̼һ㣬΢΢һһƵ۱Ϣߵ⡣
⣡
оԼȻ޷ȫҶһʿȻһʵĸо·һصһ㡣
ָоֻʵԶǿĴϵʱֹ
ҶصеصءУ
繬һĽģȫӲĽɣ·ķģſ񱩵֮
վУҶоԼڵ֮·𱻸һ㣬һСڿߣ׳
ǰһСļ̨̨ϿһͷСɫˮڻת˸貵׹⣬ȥƻá
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ǹһأӶɳˣ˫̹߳⡣
µĶᶯԽģϾʯǽɲĵļƷģô̫ˡ
ûϾʯ
ׯأ糯ʥһ㣬˵µĶʯзӡţеַ֮⣬ܹǿдֻٵʯ
˵꣬ϹĹڼ̨ǰޱϵĿ˾ŸͷĬĬףһվ˫ֻһµ·һϾʯϡ
ˣ
ϾʯâʢӳյããһƬ϶һɫĹԣԵʥ˲١
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еϢͻȻÿе·췣һ㡣
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콵Ѫɫݺᣬ㽫ˣ۵ҽвѣֻýϽԼ˽ȥֲѪɫ硣
Ҷ徧Ө˫տȻѪɫ׵аȻһѪɫ֮ʧˡ
ûеֵ⿰췣Ѫɫ磬ֱɽڣһ֮ߡ
ׯ£˷·һ㣬ûһ׵ϡ
꣡
췣һѪɫ׵ԽԽʢϾʯͻȻǿâһҫ۵ĹâֱӴҶüĴ
䴫У
ҶԺһңϢһϵַ·ǳһҶʶϿ˸С
ϢӿҶʶֱӱˣѹʶĵľ붨һ㣬һһ⣬סʶ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ˲䣬ҲǼʱҶѣʶƽߵĽ⣬ĵú᳹ʶ֮УΪһ֡
΢һһֵļ䣬һſŹ貵ĴһʶϿպʶ
ںߵĽ໥ӡ֤֮Ҷջ࣬ҲһЩĸߵĽгĵطȴδ
ͬһһǧʿȥ򣬻һǧֲͬĸ߼ʣ߼ǣֻҪûбϵĲͲӰ챦
֮ǰõĴҪµö࣬ͬʱҲ˼ؽ£õġ
һֱǽ֮עȭУȭӳֲƻȴû似ܹ׷ӳ֮ڵõˡ
˵㲻ȭ;۵Ҳһܹӳ֮Ŀֲˡ
ΪڵĸҲ͸ˣ
췣Ѫɫ׵粻֪ʲôʱѾʧˣһƬϹ˸˸ŨϢ
лл
ҶϾһԵԼл⡣
ϵĻѵõ˵ߵĽĵú͸ˡ
ˣҪлǡ
˫УһȻҶ
ǸͬѰӣһҪúףһ¡
߳󣬴һӷԸҵĳȥȫ幫һҪϢ
ϣʲôҪϢ
ӺɵĿ˿ڴߵҶͰǣʵ
洫˵ϢҶĵӣõĴУ˵
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ңȥȫ幫Ϣ
ӻһ𣬼æͷʩһתȥˡ
洫壡
Ƭ֮ҶõߴеϢ㴫ˣʱ䶯ˡ
ǰɽ˺˾ۼϣܹۿõԼϿɵĴ˾һʲôš
УҶŰǺϳǵҰ֮С
Ȼſ
Ϊֻǲ̶ֳ֪ˡ

Ҷ֣˷׷ǰϿջ졣
ɱţ򣬶ɱͷޣۻᣬĵӽӷϴڶɢȥɣǰɽ˺ӣϿ˵
¸صĴϷˣΧ۵ȻҲ׷׸пɢȥ׼ϵʢ硣
ǳʢ˸УǮʿ¶Ĺ㳡ϣ⣬ȾƣЩŮڻǰ裬Ʈ磬Ʊյڡ
ȻҶĴˡ
Ⱥ֮УױԵøΣ뵽Լ֮ǰ˵Ļѵ޲Ҹطȥ
Ȼ
Ҳ߲ˣҪȥҶ
Ϊܶ˶ҶƣΪһеٮٮߣȻҲӲ
ҶǸԭ֮ǰĿ֪
ױӲͷƤǰȥ˫ֶһҶǸ
ûϵȥ¾ȥɣǧϣ˵㣬ҿҲɵġ
ҶˬһЦױΡ
ȸΪ
ױг˸мһڽеľƹ˶




1715 ɺͲ
۾ӵĴ㳡ϣһѶȼգϵķǽӳ
㳡ϾƮ㣬һƬЦ
ഺŮΧԭʼ赸ߺƴƣַǳ
Ϊߵ²ˣҶȻĿĽ㣬ߵﶼǰơ
Ҷ߲ܣڵɣˬԸԸֱƢеӡ󼫼ѡ
ټҶûʲôӣܿõڶ˵ϿɣǳֵܣһƬ
ĺÿ˶Ǿ񣬷ǳܺȣõĲҲ׻ҩ㴼񣬾ͷʮ㡣
תۼ䣬ҶѾȵ֪̳ӵҾƣϢƾȥͺȸˡ
ڰǣܵߵ峤¸ص
֪׷ߣϺ峤ͬһ⣬Ҫ׳йԼľ
һΣǵûѣͷ֮󣬺ȵͷˣؽ˺ܶй飬λƶ겻ѡ
磬˵ĴѾԼĵøȵȶҶСӣ˲ޣ
Ⱥ֮УһһͷϷĿ˵
£
ͷϷ۾˲ˣһɿֲϢϱ
ĸϿЦǧȷ׶үү˵ģ˵ϴҶСӽ󣬲Ϊ˴ΪʲôҪȥأ
ĵ˵
ûҲүү˵ˣ˵ڴϺҶСӽ󲻾ñдǿϾʯԲĶ
һҲ˵
һˣƾʲôõĲ֮أһ޵˵
ϧ΢ᣬôջرֻؿĲ֮йˡ
һһۣĵ˵
ȥʸһˣڶѣӵıվҶȥ
ףǲһһʲô
һɷҶȥ㳡˲䰲ţ˫۾߿
ҶȻҲòĵ⣬ЩĪԼδΪζԼŨĵ⣿
ҶСӣ˵õͼĽԼĵø򣬴Ƿʵ
Ҷǰʵ
ûǵõʲô𣿡Ҷü̹Ȼϣûκ
ȻˣҲˣǳ綼֪Ҳûʲôġ
ʲôѾıˣ
̫˼ˣȻ²ˣҲûҪıµĽ⣬Լĵһɣ
岻֮أϾȻһˣ

Ҷ׿ڳѾõıУ㳡϶ʱһƬ˶¡
ϾȻĽıˣ
һĲţ˵һˣʲôʸõĲʶôϽջأ߲Źǡ
ⷬвζͺŨˣƫƫҶһף۾Ҳˣ˵ұǴϣʲôᣬҪջرĻҾ޶˵߲Źǣҿ㻹û
㡭
ŭͷϷ·ȼյĻһ㣬һֲ֮Ϣ˳һҶӿ
СһֱΪһţߵﶼ⻷֣˶мӣû˸˵Ҷ˵ǵһСģʱû
ʲô㣿ջر㻹ûʸ񣡡
Ҷ˵ΪǣԴûʲôøУȻҲʲô
úúãҿܿʲôʱ򣡡һ˦ӣڵķȥ
һҲҶǰˣұ֤Լ᲻ֱӳ֣ѵһޱȵˡ
Ȼ
һ˿Ǹ֣
ҶϾԼ²ˣ͵ǷˣʱҲŹġ
ϣҪһͣΪʲô岻ıһˣǰʵ
˵ˣҶˡ
һ˵ҶȻˣȴ²ˣ̳²Ҳ׷ǵ棬ûʸõУô˭ʸ񣿡
⡭
ʱΪ֮
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²˶ûʸõУôûʸˣ
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ȺзϾܶ˲֪ҶõߵĴУ˿̲֪ҶȻ²ˣɵøпѡ
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Ҷõߵ²УǸ𾪵ǰǣȵڵϲʡ£ֻצӻڲϳ鴤ļһﾹȻ׷Լߡ
űĻǿ±˵ıֶҪߣԿ
ʵ峤ʹ֮⣬˶ѡӣĶ飿
峤ϣһǲ
Ų˵Ҳı䲻Ҷķ˵ʵһ˸ܽȫֻܸĨڡ
˵ҲûеϣǷ˼оջıýڣ
һĳ̽Ͻ
ǰʮ֮˵Ҳû࣬Ҫȫ򼸺ǲܵģ˿ջػüһ̤ǿչ·һ֮ջؾˡ
һ峤Ҳ˵
Ǻǡ
ЦЦԭǵҶ޷ȫȶ˰
ˣ
λڵĳͬ˵ջıԱ岻й
Ǻð죡
ȥ˵ҶȫǾǲˣǿдһ£Ĳ㣬ûߵĻұջıΣ
һ˽Ծܶ˿Ҷж˵ǡ
ױΪһŵжߡ
Ҳȷʵ˵ˣȫľ裬һд裬Ҷ˵ǲƽġ
λȰ˵ջر峤ȴ¶ЦݣƺѾдĽ
ʣС֮еڶżߵ裬Կ걬ҶˣԼ²ˡ
ãͬ⣡
һҶȥǲεӺơ
ǱȱģԥΪҶϾɹϵĵһţӶսˣԼܿܲǶ֡
۶žԵģǶĽӴҶ޷Լȡ
ⳡд裬Ӯˣ




1716 ׵øЩɣ
˭Ҳû뵽úõһ延ĴۻᾹȻֳӡ
ܶȴ˷ܣҶһⳡдǳڴ
һĵһţӹɵģСֳ˼ߵ֣ż衣
ȻڲڣһЩڣ۷ǰĶ֡
ҶȻˣȴõߵĴ࣬ѡΪ²ˣ츳Ȼǲ˵ġ
⣬ҶɹһеĵһˣԶʱڷӡĵӶĶ֣ʵȻӹɡ
ⳡдעʷľһսۿд裬ҲǼкôģܹһЩİء
Ȼ
ЩһʿȴֹۣΪѣҶѡ²ˣдĻ˵û۹⣿
һĵһţ˺δϣҪĻҲ޹⡣
õĽǣ˫˭Ҳκβ˭ƽճõĽȻҲ֪ǲܵġ
˼뼫أһ˵õ
Ҷܹпǿ֮·Ҳ˵֮
ⳡд裬עһĶԾΨж߲пȡʤ
ҶģһսӮңұջ֮ǰĻϲеĻ仹ü
һգҶ˵
䣡
һڽԻȻ
˶û뵽Ȼ˿ҶȻĲҲ䣬޵е־ǼĴ
Ϻ峤üû˵ʲôȴ۵һΡ
ȻսҲдһ֣ȴҪֶ˭ʹãǶУȻ伫ҶĹС
ϸ˵Ҷıֱڳ˶ҪߣΪĵӣ˵ûнҶڹ²˵ݷǿѾǴ治ˡ
ҵֵﻹû֣
Ҷ˵ȻִҪдһҾҪ󡣡
˵䣬Ҷһһȥÿһ̤𶯣ڼʵʯһ
⣡
͵һ飬ͫСо
һһյѶȱֱӷҪˣҶÿһ··𶼳һƬģ·ֲ徿ǿ컹
޷׽λõĸоһݣ֪ҶԲöԸ
漴дȭϵĹҲҶ˾ٷˣҪչǿʵһġ
뵽ʱıĮȻؿҶͬʱ׼ʩչеһٽҶܡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ڳʿȫգ㹻Ŀռ䣬ΧΧ׼֤һдս
ҶСӣͣ
Ҳ÷ˣ룬жᣬüβֱˤȥ
Ҷ֣ͣ
ױ˫ȭĬĬΪҶʹ
磬ͣˣĲ֮أ
һЩϵȽ׷״Ϊź
еϣܹݺݽѵҶһ٣ջ
һǿһƽѹ˼䣬¶ˡ
ҲҶϾһĵһţһ޳ߣҶȻõԼĴУҪڵԾսʤǷǳѵġ
׼𣿡
ҶԼ棬˵
Ҷͷʲôѧʹɣ
ÿСӣʶһ
ս״̬ûΪҶĻаϵĲ
׺죡
һȣչеһ̧֣ԭʵͻȻ׽٣ÿһˮͰ̺ſֲĻ֮һҶȥ
Ѱʿ£ַӱᱻ׽ɷɻң
䣡
׽һӽҶû棬ֻܿҫ۵׹⣬޷׺ĵ龰
һ̼䣬߿裬ڳڡ
䣡
ͨڴˣĶҪˣ޴ڿƬ׹ⱻյһƬͨ
ԶԶȥ񱩶ֲһƬ⣬ưôһк£飬ױ
̫ǿˣһһţȻ˿ٵ׺˭ܵ
ˣ²־˲٣ϰš
ǸҶ׶༪ˣ񱩶ֲױмܰȻܹҲ򵽼ΪС
ǿ׺ĵ龰ɵΪҶ̶ֳȵױˣܿס

Ҷܿ˴𰸣
ֻױд˸ŵâױȫ紦׺˳
׵̫ˣ׵øЩɣҶ˵
ۣ
ЩѪ
ʲôǿٵױ
۷ǿ߽Ҫޣʱˣᱻ
Ȼ
һʿȻһڿ񱩵׺нٻױ޹˵
ãҾԸ
ɫһȫʩչеٻΪǿױԿɱڵˡ
ױҪƼΪףҲܳʱĿƣԣҪսپеױ֮У֮Ҷ
䣡
ʮһ׵н֯һ̫ӣ۵һҶ档
ߣ
һһΪжǿԭ㱾°
˵䣬̫ģҶӰٴγǰֻ˫ֻһɺĵϢһſڣԼİʮһױֱУΪһ֮
⡭
ǰһĻòʿĿɿڴǼӵҲʲôױΪ񱩵֮
Ҷһˣ

ҲɵˣһУûм˭ֱ񱩵׵ģҶľжֲ
ױĸЩɣ
ҶһȣеؼԪأʱô˵طˣȻݻ٣١
ģȻݻ٣Ҷ˶Զ
˶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻ٣һ٣ɲһʿֿܵġ
ģⲻ
ˣڼ񱩵ٸˣڣġ
䣬ͣ
ֻޱѡ䣬Ϊ֮ƿԶԶҶдȥֻܶ˸




1717 ķڷ
䣬ͣ
׺ԶԶ˳ˣһһǿҲҶˣ
ɲͨױ٣˭ܿסҲܲ˰
ȥ
ҶֱһŽ˳ȥûжǴ֮Ȼ˳ȥȴûˡ
ҹ֮УԵøң˻ڣͷϷýޱȣ·Ǳñؤҡ
еҶûиųѾ٣Ҫһ˳ܲС
Ѿϰˣʲô١ˮ١׽١̫٣ȫٻκβ
ٻٻģȫܹܵķΧ֮ڡ
ᣬҶٴζһ˲֮ȫâ˸
ܿ죬ʧˣջָʣ㷱ҹգۡ
Źûһҹֻܿ㷱ǣҲ̫ڰΪЩǵȺܸߣȫ
ʧҶ֮УǺҹպ͵㷱ǣеĸߴ
֮£ԵҶˣȻѻһ·ϵҲʧˣͷҲָϾһ貣ȴдʧߣ޷ıʵ
УԱûУҶ֮Ȼˣ̫ˣ
⣬ǵ˵ҶҲ̫ˣ򲻿ٻ١
ǲ࣬޷ֲĲ࣡
Ҷ̫ǿˣѡ²ˣȻܹ־磬ֱţ
ûڲڶѣȻܹȻͦٶ𣬽п֤ɹΪӾʮصĴۣδԸ
ʤߣǴҶսʤĵһҲ⡣
ΪҶĴˣҶԽǿԽܴʶ˵۹⡣
ȻȲʣȴҲû˵ʲôҲûʲô˵ˣڵдˣüңֳֻܱĬ
ҶҲû֮ǰ˵ؿͷĻҲС֮ˡ
ô˵һеżҲ̫ˣһĲòʧ
Ҷ
ͨӭҶ¹ϴǵˣ˵˲㡣
ʲô˵ˣȥȥɣҲдһѣ𣿡Ҷ¶ɫֹ¹򣬶˵
Ҷֵܣҷˣ
û뵽ҶȻ˴ȣ׷Լ֮ǰĴʴʣɵøж֣Ȧˡ
Ⱳӣûκˣͬˣһ̣ҶԵ
д˻ص㳡ϼȾ죬ĵá
һεľۻ˵嶼ش󣬺ܶʿεĽж˲ٵջ
һֱҹ˲ɢȥȻˣҲһЩȵʡµֱӾڹ㳡Ļϯضˡ
쵱صһ˯⣬һ
Ҷûȥ˯Ǻʹϡ峤峤סĵطȥ
Ĳ֪ȥ˯ˣҶҲȾ֮ȻԼġ
˵飬Ǻ͹ǽףҲ൱ֻҪҶ壬ܺܿѰ
峤סĴһ裬Ҷѯһй顣
й˵ɾͻˣ
һ裬񽥽·˻֮Уɫϱ仯
ãſڵŹԭһǣȻûɹô˿Ҳ١
ȻĳһʱŹ˺ڰң򣬲֪ģ֮չɱŹϵȫɱҲʱɢϢѸٱǿ
һѭϵԽԽ٣ȴԽԽǿŹȫˡ
峤ӿ˵ǳء
һϵȫɱ˵ֻһ仰ѣȻ˭ܸܵʱĲң
ɹϵǿǵõϢ֮ǲ˴ǿǰ֧Ԯϵ飬ȻʱѾˡ
գΪ˱Լļ԰ɹϵǿǾΪսչɱڸ޴֮ڽˡ
ҲһŵҲ֪˶꣬˴ۼ˺֮γ˴
Щûʶģֻ֮ɱ¾ıܣЩУЩѾķǳǿ󣬵һ׼۾Ѫ⣬ֻһͻļޣɹΪΪͷȫʢʱڵļ棬Ҳ߷ˣսնɱ
Ϊѹͨ취ǿиıŹǵĻγϢϢĸ֡
ͬʱһ壬ŹǣŹǣвɹϵľ񡣡
Ϣ̫ŨˣĽ걻ɱһþȻͻ߾ƺһǰĲ
Щһֱ뽫ߺеȫɱȴʼ޷ɱǸ߾ãǱγڵľ档
Ϻ峤һһ䣬ڽŹǵڵľ˵ˡ
ҶпѣһǾʧˣʩչֶΣŹѾ԰ˡ
Ҹոͻ߾ʱߴսһȴ˭Ҳκβ˭Ҽɵ֮Ҳɵҵ֮γ˽ֵľ棡
̾˿
ڴԪɺԣ޷ٴͻѪ𽥼û˾ͻƵ߾ĻҪٱΣˣ߾ԲŹǵģ
峤üչĵľһϲˣ廹ʲôƺֲߣ
ȻĻôǺβ취ǸʲôͬһأҲһݣҲŻӵˡҶ˵
̸װܹһݵĻˣŪɽ־棿峤Ц˵
ֻҪ취еģҶһŵ˵
ʲô취
ҶȥܹԼ֮ǰΪ˽󻼣ҲĿˡ
ƾڵһҲδܽһ򾡣˵һʥ߾ˣԣҪúıһУ
Ҷ˵׷ߵİǾͨƣʦĸ֣ܹúܶɱǿֻҪǾļƻܹɹһ򾡣
𣿡
Ϻ峤˶һŵӣϾǵɱǻûʶȻЩš
ǲŵĻǿҸط֤һ£ֻǼһＫ̰ƣҪæû㹻ĺô붼룡
Ҷ˵̫˽ˣ֪̰Ը񣬾ǲӲӥ




1718 ɱ
ֻҪܹ߻ɱٴĴ۶ֵõģն˵
̷֪ˣԼ֮꽫ǿ߳ĻΣӣ
ΪѵҲΪܹ׽вԼڵϺ峤˶ȥˡ
Ϻ峤˶ͬˣҶϵǣ֮ǰ˵һ顣
ԭ׻ݵĲ˯㣬ˮߵ׻ݶʪˣҶĴһµ˫۾ﻹа̬
̰ƵԲŹκһûٵĻᣬҴҵ峤סĵطȥ
һ·ϣ֪ײ˶ٶ峤סϵʿײ˹غ«
ֻʲôаأ
ײϵʿСһ䡣
Ҳ֪׷Լ棬ԱԼҪߵö࣬峤סصֵüɹҲû˸κֻа
飡
ŶýˣֱôԴײˣ嵽Уϣͷһ±ɱ󣿡
Ͽűײɢ˵ĴĿɿڴһͷҲ̫Ӳ˰ɣǿϵزľɵţޱȣȻһԴײɢˡ
ιͷ㻹ûشҵĻأǲͷĵϣ˵һ䡣
Żعӵ۵ĵҺôҲ߾ǿ߰ɣͲһ£ߣֵģҽһһͷҺ𣿡
ͰǴӵۣǶííĶ죬ҶЦ
峤ԶǿЦã۱ֱһӦóƺһġ
ƽʱԲЦϲŭɫȴһֻǽϾˣЦҲǣҲǣ쳣ࡣ

ǰȻŴԴ˵׼۾ҲҵûСѾǱˡ
ⷬԿûˣƫƫ޷졣
Ϊ˵ʵǧѣôҲߵﱲˣȴ׷ߣ㽵һҲָߡ

ҧҧջǾˣһֻǼƽʲôӮҲʣοǶ֡
ϰף˵ЩûõˣǾŹϵҪ㲼üɱŶܹúãаջɱ߾𣿡
ҶϽΧˡ
Сӣô˵أ˲˽Ȿɱѵ㻹˽𣿡
бؿҶ˵˵߾׼۾ڣüɱ

峤ԶһҶȥ˼ǣһ￿ôô
ҶҲЩͷֻ˵ҲţǲţϣܲһɱǼʶһɱҲøǳԸ衣
˵˵
ǵ̬ͻȻ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬Це˵Ҫһ±ɱǰɣ̫ˣҪҲɱøһϾʯɣ

峤Զͬʱðһ仰ôȥ
ϾʯҲֻѣģŹҲѰˣȻſھҪһ顣
ȲãܹɱߵĻһϾʯҲ޷ҧҧ˰ǵ
ҲǲӲӥûȷǵɱܹɱ֮ǰóġ
һΪ
Ҳˬ죬˵ҪƷʯſ飬ÿһҪȭͷСҪʯѪȪˮݡ
һ˵ʮֲϣô峤Զ
ʮֲϣ嵹ǶУϾ深ܣӪʮ꣬еġ
ʮУ½вɹϵź·ҲЩ˽һЩϡ
ϰף㲻ǳûٰɣ
ҶʶķʽѯʵǰҲǲɱ󣬿ûõôĲϡ
Сӣʲô˼ǲİһۣôûƷ𣿡
񣡡
ãЩǳΰİΪչʾһɱɣýĵ˵
ˣ˵ɣ
Ǵ˸ǷҡڵȥҲûж࿴Զһۡ

ֱĥ޲һƽֻĳ̫ܵθˡ
ڶһ磬ҶͰǡ峤Զֱȥ
ȻҪɱԼȻǲеģ飬նɱһЩ
ȫˣ
򣬴һӣ˵Ĳȫ㵹ڵϣſƷʯɢҫ۵ĹâڿУ䳾
꣡
ֱӱסһƷʯһڿ°ȥһ߳һ˵ҳ٣

峤Զ˳ױˣǸû޵ļһ˭һ׼ñ
ǵҲûټȥǿʼ̻ɱһ³̨ÿ̨϶˷µɱƣƷʯṩת
СӣҲţȥһͨɱԵṩҵɱͰɱ֮ڣܹɱԴҶԸ
ã
ҶûƴǣͷѰеĹ۵鿴ĵƺ
ܿ죬б˼ƽϣʼеһϿ̻ɱ
ƣǱԶˣѰһ飬в۵صõɱ
ҶѧĲһЩƤëѣһ©ٳɱҲ㹻ˡ

ҶõѰмصһɱֻļջУֻܲóţġ
ɱҲɱ壬ֻҪܹΪǵɱṩ㹻ˡ
ĹҶڿ̻ˣֻҪһžɱ
ǵɱҲ̻Ĳˣм۵ѪҺŻָ
ˣ
ǽɱ̨Ͷգֱʧ֮УҲ˿쳣
һɱ̨ǲúã֮Ҷʹ峤Զһֳɱ䣬ɱ֮С
һӺҶǧһ뵽ɱ֮У峤ԶҲŴһɱ֮У˰հǵָ˳ɱ
Ҷ˫âºݺһ壬󣬴ؼת˹һһɱ
ҶСӣ
Ҷ֪ȫ·ߣҲɱ
䣡
ɱ󱻼ˣ·ٵһ㣬ɱлӿÿһ˿ѹ죬һ˲䣬ɱ㱻Ĩɱˡ
̫̫ǿˣ
ǰһĻϺ峤°ͲѾʣͰ͵˵




1719 ߳
ǵɱ󳹵׽ˣɱ󣬼Լ֮Ҳѳ
С˼ⲻһɱѣǽɱغһֹǽ˵
ɱʵδõĴɱΪĴɱ󣬳˴֮⣬ܹóҲһǶѣɱʮ֮һ
ˣɱɱһ߾ﻹûġ
ã̫ˣͲɱԽɱ֮Уɱɱ˵
ΪǹҼأ
ǰ˴һۣ˵һɱ󣬶ԱǾ޴ģˣϢʮµĸٴβóɱ󡣡
⡭
һΪѵҶȥϣܰԼ˵仰
Ҷ˫ۿ죬֪ǿ϶ܣԼŴλ£һﲻ췴Źˡ
գ峤Զ˺ܾãеȪһ«ٻָ
ȪǴӵѰģ׹ǵĹЧֱָ̫ݳˡ
õ«Ȫİ˲ֱ˵Щϣ׼˫ݣΪ󻼣Ϊǿ̻ɱ󣬾ɱǹͷ
һ磬ϱ㽫ҶͰҪȥɱߵϢ幫˳ȥʱȻ󲨣
СӲߵʵǿʥƾһڵСҲնɱߣ
ǣܻɱߵĻôǲܺ׼ۿˣ
ɣ϶޷սʤߣһڵСʿȥҲֻķݣ
ΪսʤԼ޵ˣ㲻Ҳڽ˻ɱģ
˲֪ɱ飬ȻΪҶߵĶ֣ڴʴʡ
Ҷǿƻеĵһúܶ˸еˬ˵Ȼ̱˵㡣
ЩҶкøеʿҲΪ̫ˡ
ô׶Ըģ
ױ˻ɱĻҲڱŻôˡ
ȻˣҲһЩҶäĿŵŮΪȻ˵ĻһЩա
ڵ֪֮ױ˰죬૵˼飬̫˼ˣȥսǸ϶޷սʤߣ˲ɣ
ܳɹ𣿡
һɫƽ˵
ҶԾƻȴû֮ǰŵԣҶӡ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳˣ˵ףܶȴڡ
ЩԷҶȻҲ˲٣δ⣬Ҳûʲôͣʵʤ۱磬һжʵ˵
Źϣһ򣬳ŨϢһϢ
ڵĵطӽĵطϢΪŨҲʺ档
ҶŰǺʹһֱĸȥ
һ·ϣǿһЩֱӳĨɱ
һֱɱ֮ǲ̻ͣɱ󣬶Ҷɱ䣬ȫɱ
ͨʱɢϢЩڱնɱ֮ȴɢϢˡ
ҶһʹɱЩһѰۼĵطֻĵطӵ޾սҲһֲľء
ܿ죬ҶԹ۵ѰһۼĵطʮС͵
䣡
Ҷһֱ֣ӴӴ¾һݺݵЩɨ˹ȥ
ЩһĶûУȻͨʿ˵ǵϢǳ˼ɵҶȴڴС

ɽһɨֱӽɨ촷ۣ֮Ҳױˡ
еĺ֧ţҶ·֪ƣսһ㣬ÿһдƬﱻˡ
ǳ飬֮ȫÿһлصһɽ뱻ֱɨƽǷ衣
ڿ񱩵֮£ϢҲϡϾ֮ϢĿǡ
Ļս֮ҲѸˣϢϵʴƵòʼ֮塣
֮⣬ܶʿˣҪĿⳡʵսҶʲôƣ˵Ĵ󻰡
Ȼ
˼һ˿뵽֮⣬󲿷ʿֻΧɱһЩ̫ˡ
ҶСӣһĵطɱ󣡡
ڽɱ̻ϣҶ
õġ
Ҷشһ䣬ֱһƬĵطʼ̻ɱÿһƶ֮ϡ
ڿ̻ɱͬʱ̥Ի̥Ӷȭȭͷɫ֮صۡ
ˣ
ɫ̥ÿһȭӳɽգ˳Ƭɫ̥Լʮɣһһ㡣
ʮˣҲЩʵ籡ϢŹǵҶ̥⡣
ЩʵЩ۷壬һӳնգһѺۡ
Ҷ̥࣬Ҳ̣ɫȭͷ·̫һ㣬顱һеĹǵҳ촷ۡ
֮⣬ڳ֮ʹ֮Щ˵ǿһĴڣЩﱾܵĶ˿־壬鲻ǰ
飡
Ҷɫ̥սһ㣬һȭӳǸ۷ͷˣһȡ
ᣡ
۷Ѳǣ֪ԼڽˣԲһҶռǣҲϧҲǸ
ݣ
۷еٿȻɳֱҶͷȥɲǼûʶ֮С

ҽһֱӱҶʶеĵ۱ϢĨɱˣûκ
ڼڳ˯֮ҲȻȻɢһƵ۷ܿġ
ҲǵùߵģǾʹߵĻҶæſ̻ɱ󣬻һ
Ҷⲻʲô
׼۾ǿߣܹ۱ĵϣɹ
໡
ҶѰеɱ̻ɵһ̣ͻȻһҵضѡ
ڼңԶĵطֲĲ߱ˣ߸
ˣ
һԶĳХӭǿֲĲȥս˫ֻҪ棬Ȼһܾǲճġ
мЩǵùˣֱӱǿֲϢֱ촷ۣûκ
ɱ
˺ܿͼˣ߶˵ںڵĹֱ̽ͷȥצƿյͬХһ㡣

ҲʾӶӭȥ֮Ĵһɫ̫һҫۣſֲĻ֮ߵĹײһ




1720 Χ
䣡
֮֮ͬʱƵ쫷һϯ˰ǣﱻϸ죬˺ɷ顣
߰ɣֱ޴ͷС϶ȼգı̹⣬ڣϢȥһ㡣
ǰԵ÷ǳСһ㡣
Ȼ
΢Сȴ̺ſֲĻ֮Ӳ߶·硣
ǿ޵ˣ֪սٴΣԱ˴˵Ĺֶζǳ˽⣬һʱ˭Ҳκβ˭
࣬ռҵɱҵ浱۸ɣȥã
ͳλߵϡ
ĩգ
չͬ߰ɣ˸׹⣬չѣػ谵޹⡣
~
ʶǿʵ֮Ҷ̲סһ߾ֱֲ̫ˡ
ҿֻû飬ƾɢϢܹɨһƬѰʿҲסǺƵ֮ʴ
ϰףٲ󣡡
ҶһȣԼõɱλø֪˰Լɱвãάִɱת
ң
һӣſ³һ̨ÿ̨϶ƣһȭͷƷʯṩ
ˡˡˡ
̨û֮ʧһǴɱ
ûп֮ǰɱƽ糣û˿˭Ҳ޷еɱ̨
չ
ǽɱ̶̨֮ٴ³ַ̨֮ǰɱ󻥲ʹɱˡ
Ǵɱһһɱ񣬷ټҶɱ󹴶ΪɱṩԴԴǽĸɾɱ
СӣϼһｫͷҿƾϹͷԲǼһĶ֣ɱɱɣҶ˵
ã
Ҷͷ֪ͨɱ֮УɱԸߡ
䣡
ߺʹ˴սĵطϢһɽʧݺύž޴ѷ죬Ƿ衣
¡¡
âۣ𣬽߾ʵȫӳ̧죬ѵأÿһŵ֮Ƶ
߻ź˫е̲Ҳצ˺գ֮ݺᣬˣһſǳ𶯡
ڵĹͷӲޱȣǱ֮Ҳû£ڹ˸б㸴ԭ
սһʱŻɱȥ
ӣӲұɱ㣬㻯һ֣
Ҫߣ߶ʱһһ׷׷
һֱɱɱ֮ٺսһ
һΣϧһдҲҪ֣ɨ򣬽ȫԼǵϣϼ̨ȥǿչ·ϴһ
ȻֻһƲǾô¿ǣ˵һȫµѾʶ
һ·սܶɽݻˣҶɵЩģԼ̻ϵƻ᲻Ҳݻˡ
ĻԼɾͰæһˡ
ڵĵİɣԿɱˣ϶᲻ںֱӴֻҪҵɱ֮ڣĩյˡ
Ȼڴ൱Ĳףɱûг۹ҲܶҶɱϵ軹Ǻŵġ
ž
Ҷһţɱ󼤻ˣ˵ضʱһƬɣһ㴩رֱ߿ա
˵ôôţԭǲ˺֣ɱκα𣡡
߿Цֱ׷ɱ֮Уǵɵľ߻ʱԶɢʧˣ˿סĽŲ
Ҳɱ֮УҶ֪·ݺᣬܿɱĽɱǲµĴɱȥ
䣡
һֱ֣ӽһĨȥˣҶɱʱ˲١
֪У߱׹У˰ǲµɱ֮С
٣ͷߣ
վɱϣЦһֱӼɱ
䣡
ɱлһɱɽ룬ֱɱȥһӽô˸
𣡡
߿һСԱⱻɱУɱжž޴ѹǰУȽնɱȥ
Ȼˣ
߰Ǹ֪ķݵ˳ɱ
ǿɱ󣬲ϵɱߣ֮ԼʵԶʤǣɱȴٲά裬ҪȫԿɱС
ͷõĴɱ󣬼׼۾ҲڽӣԹԵɣ
Ƿǳ˷ܣɱܲһǲߡ
أû˵ңǴɱҲУ
߻Żɫֱ֮Ӷ깥һڹǼ
ǴݵĲɱ󣬼һɱ⣬ֱӽڹɢˣ˷ܵҽС
˷ʱˣΪԷһȥɱ
Ҷ˵ţϲɱ֮УհǸķɱɴУܿٽߡ
Сң
ߴŭоܵ裬ͬΪ߾Сǰ˲ڶѣȻ˵ɱԼ
㱾οȥĴڣҲ㣡
Ҷվɱ֮УֱӶȭߣɫȭͷâ
õ
ŭɶںڵĹצ̴գֱҶͷ­ץȥֲ֮ɱкƵһɱ
ҶСÿ
˷ܵҽУɱ󣬼һߴȥ
꣡
ɵߵڹҲסֱӱһСס
Ҷչɱ۵ɱʥ˫ֻһԼɣͨɫɱС
ɱ
Ҷֳɱݺȥɫɱ˼µķģֱߵĺϡ
໡
߹ֽһһȥֱӻɱϣһӽɱˡ
Ҷٺˣڶˣаɱֹߵ׷ְΣ
Ҷо˳ɣɱĥ
ɱ֮˵
أұն
Ҷ˵Ҫ˻һԼǿս׷
¡¡
Ҷת˲临ԭ
ڷÿһ˿˸žӨĹ󣬶ǿսٴ߹ɱȥ

߳ŭһҪӦǿɱɱһ滹ҪҶʱЩæң׽⡣
Ƭطˣɽɻңؿѣֽһ㣬ϱ
꣡
Ҷǿսɫȭͷ֮صۣһȭߵСϣֱӽȹˡ
ꡭ
ŨϢһ籡ҶڳʴϢ֮С




1721 ɱ
Ҷ
ҶŨϢ֣ʧУһӾˡ
ͷ
ҲˣֱӽһɱҲˣһӴӿֱӽû׺֮С
ԴɱױٻҪֲԶܱȵġ
¡¡~
׹أѣɱгһɻعԭ㣬عϢ
һɣ
ҶϢгܻ
̸ȵģû°̫ˣѹյһݾͿˣһĹͷӲ׶κβҲֲ̫ˡ
˷ܵ˵
ɱصֹǿһͨ߾ڵʥҲػᱻɱɡ
ȴסˣȻԵ쳣ңϾûбɱʾǿʵ
䣡
Ҷֱȼ꣬սŲ׷ǲٳ嵽ߵǰ
ʱߣͷһ룬ڹ⣬棬ֵɱ׵ĺ
ʲô
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ⶼû˵߻һر
ܹڴɱв飬ԲͬѰ
ҶչȭһȭףصĻߵعϣһӽúɳȥ
ϡ
ޱȡ
ڵϣ
Ҷٴκһȭһ㽫ߴ򵽶
һɱ㣡
ˣΪ߾ǿߣȻһСʿŰץ
㲻ˣĩգ
ҶĮ˵вͣȭɱ۵ɱʥеĽɱɢ֣깲ɽӴӡ
һ־ѧʩչȼ£սӣѾܹвˡ
ټϰǲٿصɱ󲻶ɱ߸ûлֻܱ֮İ
ȻҶƤһɱвϱ任λãȴʼղ˶ûС
ͷϵֻ봹ڹ⣬ɱȫˣɱֻɱڹϡ
ǸһҪκβ
Ҷ˼⣬һɱľڳ֮⣬ͰȫӲ
һˣҶǺժȥûֱ۳Լǧɡ
ң
һҶҪԼ룬߶ʱˣֱ̽ĹצҶûĴӭȥ
ǰһһʧȥڴɱУԼֲ˶á
䣡
ҶûĴֺߵĹצӲƴһǣƬضҪˡ
ˢ
Ҷʥݻɱ۵ɱʥ˲佫Լ֮УϢĿߵͷ
򣡡
Ҷȫʩչ깲ĵһֱߵϡ
Ҷٴʩչ֮ϴ֮ӿһ콣ֱߵѡ
ţҶüѿɵӡ˸ص۵ķѹ¡
һĹмûаһӽߴˡ
깲еĵһѹʿģϴ֮֮Ľϣ֮żǿĿá
ӡҶɱﵣֱϣֱĿǡ
ЩͲǺ봹µڹģֱߵһңҲ˶ݵĻ֮С
ˢ
Ҷϳ֣һӽͷժȥо͸ое뾹Ȼзߵļ󣬺ǻعٻԼı
ҶϽͽռȥߵٻ
ռǵ۱е̿ռʵռӣȴܣȫ߶ٻ
㻹ұ
ŭɶȫֱҶȥںڵ˫צһ֮⡣
ܽĻ׶༪٣ԣ˿ʲôҲ˲ˣֻɱҶԼı
ûУ·ɣ
Ҷ˫տȻѪʢȼյһ㣬ֱһ˹ȥ
ɫĴͻأĳߵͷϿգϸܿںɫֵƺһʯӰ
䣡
ɫֱӽĵһ򣬲ڵϣΧĻڣȫܿҶȥ
״ޱȣ۹ǲ֪˶ٴΡ
һĻ𾪲ѣӲԼϣ°ЩѾʣ
Ҷ̫ˣս˲ţƺѾ˴˵еʥ
νʥָûдﵽʥҲʱ򣬱ɺʥǿߡ
С磬зɣսʥǿ߶ܣʥı־
Ҷ˿Ѿͻʥ򣬿˵е򣬽ɾͲ
֪ʷУܹʥģֻҪؿһ򣬳Ϊʥǿߡ
ϡ
߶ȫʵ֮Ҷ棬ʵоɱ
κҲŨϢмֶã˵һССеˡ
Ȼ
ʱҶڵĺɫԲͻȻһ£Χ֮
ϢǵûܸʴҶǣΪϣߴֲ

Ҷһ֮гɫȭͷҫ۵Ĺâһȭߵؿڴˣ񱩵֮ʹ֮Ѹʴߵ塣

ڿ־ˣǰΪϵоȻ̺ȫʼϲ
飡
ߵȫѸȾϽɫмһɫζ顱һըˡ
໡
߾ʣһͷҲ˲٣ȻԾȼգǺ֮ǰѾΪˡ
ʧȥ˺ɫ룬ķһӽ˺ܶ࣬ǿƵɱҲܶɼв
䣡
˷֮ϲɱ߽ʣͷɱе֧ţɱת⡣
һЩһɱ֮оͱɱɱޡ
Ҳġ
߷һŭ𣬶ʩչٻʮڵҪָ֮۷״̬ɡ
Ҳûã
ҶȼȻܹʱڽսüȴܳ־ãҪսپ
飡
ҶչɱУѸٽӽߣ˫ֻгһ˸
ǧɱ۵ĵ۱ҶȻʥģ˳ȴʵ壬ص۽֯ɣܹӳһƵ
ն
Ҷһȣſֲ֮ͺ֮Ѹ磬һӽߵͷ­ˣֱӱն
һߣеĵҶһնɱ궼Ĩɱˣ




1722 ֮Ĺ

ɱ֮⣬ױˣ
Ҫɱлɱ߶ǳףҶȴ١ڵľ磬С磬еĵ߻ɱˣ
ȻɱİҶܹ߻ɱⱾ˵˺ܶ⡣
һˣҲ޿ܽ߻ɱԱ
ѾһеĵһˣҶȴ˲ֹһ
дʱҶˣƾսַӾͻᱻҶɱ
𾪲ѵʱͻȻǷɱһ׹һߵϳȥ
һ
Цһ䣬ȻعҲߵϳȥҶκΣգֻҪݵ߳ɱ󼴿ɣҲõġ
һＫ̰ƣ϶ȥߵϳȥˣȻĶδʺãȴǱȱԭֻҪǺöһҪŪ˵
ಣ
ϨȼյҶóȪһڣٻظȻЩƣҲ˲ˣֱӳɱߵϳȥ
Ҳ֪߼ȻеĵӦЩöǣŪǸͲѿ߿϶Щղصġ
һδɨֿޣѾһȳ˹ȥҲ˹ȥԼȻҲҪȥһ˳㽫Ҳһˣ󻼡
չ׷ǲҶٶȴﵽ˼ޣһʮ·ڴԽռһ㣬ܿ׷
ûˡ
ҶԼһӶٶȱԼ죬Ŀɿڴ
һֻ˦˺Զ˵ҶҲ죬ֱˡ
Ȼ
ڿһҶĲ֮ˣ૵˵ѵǴ˵е¼ٵ׷ǲСӻĴˡ

Ҷ߹֮ʩչҶµ·ס˫âƬ·Ǳľ
׷ǲ¼٣֮£˫һչ֮⣬ûй
٣׷ǲǰԾҪʰ·磬Ϊ׷ǲ׷׽£¼ٵͷɲǴġ
ͻȻһֱǰİǵͷˣǵض
ҶСӣϽοȫˣ
ͷ϶ΪϽСеĶҶ
ˢ
ҶйâһһѪɫĳìֳìֱӳɱ˳֮С
֮Ҷ绢Ⱥһ㣬ܿһеǰȫһìˡ
ЩǿĲڶѣҶиûκΨбɱһ;
Щﶼ֮ǰٻģϧˣѾҶɱʣЩ͸޷вˡ
ܿ죬ҶЩɱһһֱߵϳȥ
ߵϳƫĵĵط
ţ
ûطҶ͸оһŨĻϢһ׹ǴǰĴϣΧɫϢơ
ͨ˵ĽûκֻŨܹ֮˸ʴɰ׹ˡ
ಣ
һȣϽ֮У׹Ǵȥ
ҶҲٳ˽ȥľĴھҶµ·֮ڳ̾һˡ
Ϊ޷ԭҶĲģ¶ֻչԼ׷
磬ҲһּĲˣǺ¼ٵ׷ǲԾûȡ
׹ǴɭɭڴҲ˸оҶûָоϢ£οɭɭֻǸоЩŤѡ
ģһëûС
ڰ׹ǴɨһȦֵ˳ԭ³ģΪܹŪһЩȴǹҧݡջϲһ
ҶݸһЦҲУȻûʲôȻˣҲ˵ǹʵġˡ
ţ
׹ǴҶܿ㱻һˣȻˮֵ֮İ׹ǴоȻˮֱ̫˼ˡ
ǲúˮģﶼǲҪˮģȴԼϳˮԴϣԲϳ
ѭҶܿ׹ǴڼһȪˮཱུðݣȴδ
ȪмһѪɫСˮ¸
ǡ
߽֮ҶˣȻǴ˵еĻȪˮȪеˮʬˮһ㣬ɢʬ
Զһ㣬ǻȪ˻ǣҪٵУǸ̥Ҳ˽һĶҶͰ˵
˫ֽӡ˫нһͷ̺ſ񱩵Ļ֮
ȥ
һ֣ȪˮеСȥһСըˣȪˮϸߡ
ϧˣⶫ˾˵
ⶫ𣿻ˣĵĿ˰һۡ
һڰ׹Ǵչ˵̺ʽջһ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬰ͻȻеǿƺ֡
ҶΪ죬ȻѾǣԲܶʲô֣ô˭ģ
е֣һƬ֮Ĳ
˿ڰ׹ϵ֣˵
ͷ㶮֣бؿۿм˵
ҶһЩ
˵ǵѹڰңͨõһЩ˽⣬
涼˵Щʲô
Ǻأ֪ǿһ¡
Ҷɫһţй֮սĲ
ھ֮Ǽ侫ֻ֮ǿûõķ
ͺñһһ⣬ȴûпԿһ㣬ȴ֪ʹá
ƪֿ϶ģֻһƲѣļ䡣
ڽй֮Ĳ֮Ե
ģ˭ģʵ
Ȼ֮ϵһģǱɱǸ׼۾İɡȷ˵
ٵ׹Ǵ߰ɣ
пһ֮ҶͰ˵
Ҷÿɷ񣬰ǸνҲ̫ͣá
䣡
ֱ֣Ӻ׹ǴҶһͬɱȥг֮⻹кܶȻǵͼŵĻȴҲ
ͨģǰ֮ܲǵá
ǣ֮£ҶͰҲչ˶Ĵɱ
ȭâݺᣬ絶ҶͰƬﵹǵĹ֮¡
Ǹɴ࣬ÿһιһƬͬոׯһ㣬ʮڶ̶ʱȫնɱ
Ȼص岿䣬Ҫúо֮Ĺܷ
Ҷһ߻ɱһа


1723 ĸм
ҶŰǺʹԵʱǰսʿȫˡ
֮ǰҲооҵĲߵ
ΪҶ޿ܻɱߣ˫ʵ̫ˣдϰҲܡ
ǵĵǣδȫԭһսĻ彩ʬһ޴Ĵ
Ϊ̫ǿˣҺһûܹƺΣӡ
Ȼ
ǰãȴĲߵʧˣеŨڼ½
ζʲô
ζҶǺпĳɹˣɱߣеŨô½
һжǵĲ²ѣûеõ֤ʵ֮ǰҲԼжϡ
ֱ
ҶʹǰǲžԼ֮ǰжϺпġ

ҶʹϳǰʱǰΧ۵ʿһȫΧҶʹΧм䡣
ϣôɹ𣿡
һʿһڴʵ
ţ
΢ЦصһͷҶҵֳɹɱ˰ڵ
䣡
˻һԵˣÿ˶ᣬ衣
ɹˣڳɹˣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ҶǸ֮ǰҿ㣬˵һЩĻԭҵ֪
ҶĴ˰
ȴ꣬ڽ󻼲ˣӴ彫Żӵˡ
һУǰҶ˵Ĺͣܶʿʹ飬Ҷǰڣԭ¡
˷ʥͣ޹λˣûйҵ˼Ҳǽң֮ǰҲûʮİգǲҲ֮С
Ҷǫѷλ˽͵
Ǹϲӣǲ˵ЩϽȥϲѶ
ûһҪúһѹͷϵĴʯͷȥˡ
ɱͷޣҼҽѲǧȡΪϺҶ칦
һʿӵҶͰǡһص۾ӵ
ٴһսĽ˲䶯ˣ˶档
˸𾪲ѣû뵽ǿĴ޷ܵߣȻıҶһֻǸնɱˣͬ췽ҹ̷һĲʵ
Ȼ
ȴҲɴĻңҲȷʵоϵŨ½˺ܶ࣬пδ֮ڱɳʧ
延ڣ˾۾ӵĵطȼóõĶףⳡ֮׵ʤ
۾ӵصĹ㳡ϣһѶ㳡㳡ɽ˺Լԭʼʵж˶Ҷĸмء
һ̳̳Ʊ⣬ϼһ鲻֪⣬֬ϣž㳡ƮŨľ
ҶͰǽɱɹɱеĵߵϢ쫷һ㣬Ȼ󲨣Ǵ𾪵ţٵҶ˸м֮顣
һۣΪСܶطѾȫû㻹һЩҲȫΪˣǿ߿ɨҶһ㽫նɱ
ҶҾһлΪһ󻼣ױҶԵ˵
ǰζ㣬㣬֪廹ҪŻӵضأҲӭ˵
ҿˣⶼӦģҶȵ൱ˡ
ԶҲΧŲʿƣǸȡ⣬źĸүһ
ܶ˶Ѿ֪֮նɱߣǵɱ󹦲ûûɱ󣬸Ͳܻɱôǿĵ
ȺУһⲻϱãʱᶨʱ㯣ʱãȻʱ䡣գһҧֿȺҶȥ
ʲô
ǸϲӣɲҪʲôɷ羰
ûôɵɣսѾˣȫҶĶ֣˵ˣ峤ͳҲ
ҶȥʿǶ׷ֹСûܹκδʹ۵ĵһŻֳһЩ
Ԥϵǣû¶κε⣬Ҷ֮һϿҵ˵ҶллΪһУ֮ǰ̫ˣ֪ߵغԭ𣿡
⻰ûʲô˼ˣ˲꣬˭ûиʱ򰡣
ҶЦŸһ±ӣһںȸ˱еǧ˵
Ҷҷˣķڷ㲻ʵǿǱǿ˸Ҳǿ̫ˣѵ
˼ʲôʣ֮ǰԼԼҶ̫ˡ
Ҷջ֮ǰĻǱҴö࣬ȫӦõõȫУֻ˼ҵıֻԻͣĴˣ
Ҷһ

㳡׶˶Ϊ⼸仰ƣΪĳɳеο
Ȼ˵ԼҶǵûжˣӮ˵ء
˵֪ܶ£һųԼĲ֮󣬾Ϊʵͻͽʱ
峤ԶʹЦĳˣο
ˣҶҵ
ҶæͻȻ뵽ʲôһй⻪һһ˸â֮ıǹ֣ȻߵعеõƷ׵ǹ
ǹȻƷȴҲԼģ
Ѿ˾ìòƷ׵ǹˣ˳ˮ飬Ʒ׵ǹ͸һһţڵܹǹȫӳ
ǡ
׵ǹ
ĵ۱
Ʒ׵ǹҶеʱ˶ˣǹɢϢǸеϤ
Ȼû֤ɹȴ׼۾۷ľ磬ĴҲһ֮ı֮Ϊ۱ҲΪ
Ϊ׵ǹõĲ϶Ǽ۱ɲģҸ߲Ͻٵϴĵ۱޼ˡ
ԣⲻ׵ǹû׼۱ǿϢȲ˲Ծ϶˵
⵱Ȼ׵ǹȴԼһƷҴĹѨеõģҽԭ͸ǣҶ֣صĽƷ׵ǹС
⡭
˫ֲŽӹ׵ǹҶһҶлԺõĵطǣ
ûõĵطܿڣֻҪһ仰»Ȫǣ
峤ԶҲ˵


1724 ǿ
һֲ̫𣬸۾ӵϽɫĹԡ
㳡ǽ壬һֱҹ󲿷˶ԣֱͲһ˯
ʹ찡ʹ죡þû˳ˡ
ױոۣͱž̳ӹ˹ʹ˼ڣԻлƣ
˵£ҶͰ졣
Уÿնף볩˺ܶйǿչ·ϵ飬Ҷࡣ
ڹȥӭһһ̤·ǿߣȻҲ֪˲
ǰ·ǳп᲻ǿ޺͸δ֪գʿ֮ľҲǳпᡣ
ÿ·̤ǿ֮·ǿ߶ܹŻʿȴ޼
죬ĻУҶŰһصأ˼̳նȥ
̨âȥűպϣҶʧɱеĵߣһβഫ˵
峤ȽһҲҪ̤ǿ֮·ȥ׷ѰҶĽŲ
ſտյļ̨һһն˵
ҲãϵΣѾʣµѾ΢ȫԽȫĨɱµĹҲøһˡ
峤ԶƬ˵
ﱻɱʣЩȫвˡ
һʱ˵ιϵвʲôʱ򳹵ǲ뿪Źǡ
ѾˣŹϵѾԶû֮ǰŨˡ
ʱ䣬꣬ʮ꣬ŹϵʧǸʱϽ鲼ϢΪǵ԰
ſյļ̨૵˵Ը·;һ˳֮ʱĻԻ͡
ϣ֪Ҷ᲻·ľеĺᣬϵĻֻҪչֳǱȻһ춯صĴս峤һǣڴ˵
ˣǸһˡɫ䣬һ˵ϣܹһذɣ޵ǿչ·ձؽΪ˵̤ʯ
ⷬҶˣ˿ǿչ·ϿݼŵС
ڰǵĽ£ÿһŹǵʱҶԲ۵֮ѰһҲѰһЩĿʺʯ
֮УϡϷǳٿҲһ̺Ŀʡ
ǿչ·ӭһһǿߣһЩԿҲûˡ
ҶѰȷһָ£ԾѰһЩ©ԿһЩʯ
;УҶһһ߰ĥͲ֮÷̺ź֮ߵһսڵ֮ŨˣѹƲסļ
ǿ֮ʹĴ֮ǿѹסɫԲе֮Ļ֪Լʲôӡ
˿̣ڵĺɫԲѾɫŨ֮·һŲʱըһָ챬ͻ᳹׽𣬼оڶδѹס
ڵõ֮÷֮·õһö򿪱Կһ㣬ÿ춼ھ֮÷ʽ
֮кȻͬҪпٳһµľ޷ת˵սˡ
΢紵ҶĳݼŵĹһ˿һ
ŹѾһˣڼԲ۵ѰһŹϵԴ֮⣬һֱĬĬתľڿٳһת֮ͨ
ѰҼ̨Ĺͽ˰ǣһ˫ֻҪ̨ŹϣһܹѰҵ
¹ȥˣҶڶһɫľȫ룬Ϣתݡ
µĳɹµļֲи֪˶ʹ࣬ڿٳ
֮ϾǽȻͬģ֮ʱûʲôоڿ֮ڵ·ϣȴܾʹĥ
̺֮ǿҵĸʴԣЩһֱȫʴˣҶǿ־ͦһأѹʱѾˣ··մˮһ
ৣ
Ҷ˫ۣâڿԼԣѾҵ˴͵ļ̨
ϰףǿ뿪𣿡
ŴԶİǣҶʵ
벻ˣ
һɥ˵ҶѾұˣڵ˵ҲûѰҵ͵ļ̨ĪŹϵļ̨ٵˣǰ·Ѷϣ
ܣħǸո߹һʱ䣬ǰ·ѶϵĻȥˣңһм̨һСռаɣҶ˵
㻹˵ܣΪ˷ֵֹ̨ϵƻĳСռˡ
һȻӣѸ뿪ٴȥѰˡ
Ҷ붨ڿ֮·ߣȻһʹḶ́Ϊܹ֮սҪһС
ҵˣҵ̨ˣ
ʱҶͻȻǴСеţһ޴Ͱǵ
ģôǿޣҶСӣæ
ҵײŰǵҶڡ
ৣ
âһҶֱӴԭʧǧ֮Ͽգֻںһͷǿ޴ս
һͷްɣźɫƬÿһƬС·ڽһ㣬ɢŽĹ
ͷӴýͷ­绢ͷϻ¹һǣӥצһЫβͣ졣
һͷ۷ޣɢ˵ƣÿһιðæңǱ
ҶСӣˣϽæ
ҶһĹ򣬰ǱͷЫһβͺݺݳһǣʱķŷɳԶɤӴȡ
ϰԸҶոտٳֵ֮оһ֮±㵲˰ǰһȭ޵Ыβͻȥ
͡
Ϣ籡һ㣬ȴǻɫȴ֮˿ϢɫһģϢɫ
꣡
һ죬Ҷһȭ޵Ыβ͸ˣϢ˲뵽޵ڣٸʴ
໡
һҽУ˫־Ĺâ󽥽ð顱һķѣһϢϢûҶڡ
⡭ǡ֮ĹӲɳѾޣٿһҶͰ͵ʵ
֮ĹҶƽش
԰ôպʹֲ֮Ҳǵɴ۾һĲš
Ҳ֪ҾܹպʹãڵĵﴦһźɫԲӵ֮
Ҷ˵ʹ֮͸ˣߵϳһƪй֮Ĳ֮Ҿͻˡ




1725 ǿչ·һ۹
ҲУ
°ͲѾˣĿɿڴðŻӵҶҶСӣôʹ֮ģһһҪס򲻵ѣ׶ֶֹΣҪõĻնɱκλڣһʹ֮ϢȥĻ㽫ᱻԴΪǿչ·ʿĹУ
Ǹʱ򣬼ôǿҲûãǿչ·ϣǿ̫ˣһɣܴ
ҶͷȻ֪˵ʲôĺǽĹУ»Ȱ˵ĸء
һ¶ѣ֤֮ȷϬǶԸϣ֮һֱǾɱ
ղǸ޾Ǹʵͷǿе޾۷ʵѾҪǵΪ߾ˡ
һͻƣǽܹʥǿˡ
Ȼ
ǿһͷޣҶȴ֮һɱ֮Ŀֲ
ǲ֮ƾԭսȻҲܽͷ޻ɱ϶ûô򵥣ҲһֽŲ
ˣòһͷ󲹵ޣȴ֮ʴˣһͷ޲֪ȵʲôʱ򡣡
Ưڿе޲кһۣѾܶûгԵʵˣͲòˣòһᣬȴҶ֮ʴ˸ɾ
Ҷͷʱһʶʶе֪ǿչ·һվһˡ
ϢҶͰǶ˷ܣڱڰֿݼŵһ£˵ˣһƬݶûпˡ
ѰĹϼ̨һƬСռУΪɹǵѰҲɹǵµĺ֣·ϵ
ϼ̨ҶͰٴκնȥ
֮УҶԾɲϵ֮ԼľһĿٳһ֮·ߡ
ৣ
ѿҶͰǴ߳һԲԵĹǣ
ģڼһˣ
ǳХһֻצɫâһǱȥ
ףһʯ
ҶǰԶΧǣһԼǧɵĺɫʯ֮Уɱһ㡣
ںɫʯϿԾ׾Ĵ֣ӣ
裬˰裬˵Ϣ˸𺳡
֮ǰ⣬ŹӦ·꣬·Ӧþӹˡ
ȻѾܽˣҶͰҲ𽥽ӽǡ
Уǿʮϵʯÿһʯ϶һЩĹ֣ңָǰǡ
УҲ½һЩˣܵһŨôһƬ
໺𡭡
޳Х͸ʶɢģƵѪһȺʷǰޱڶƬǿնΪ֮
Ҷ첻ѣһЩʿӲͬķλ۵ϣСɽһС
Ще룬еǾǸʣۼɭɭɱ絶һǾսϴÿһֻﶼǺޡ
ϰף£㿴˼ҶһûУԵɹǺ᲻ǣҪίһ£ʱҵˡҶ˵
ΣҪ֤ʵģܱˣ֤ˣҲһӵ۵㣬ҲҪ롣
൱ɴľܾҶ顣
ȲҪܾô죬ҵкôģԺѰʲôԷָһЩ㲻ĻǾͷֵصҵĶľţ˭ֵܼ󣬱ˣǿչ·ϣʵǿ̫ˣͱƤЬˡ
Ҷջ󣬰в˵
ҶСӣ֪вģӲԣҪñ֤ɵۣ±Ҳûпܡ
ԥƬ˵
ԥҶ֪ϷüسУһҲǵͲӲӥѶԸ
ô֪Ҳ֤ɵۣˣҿǵõλ۵Ͽɺ˵ĵ۱ϿɵģΪûǱǻѡΪǵ²˵һ죬ôҲ룬ң·˭ˣ
Ҷⷬľ߷۲˵ˣǾڵѡģҶ̳˾۵һУǧɱҲϿǱټߵǹϿɣ߲ҲʵĽڡ
գǻǴӦˣʱҶӡ
ȻˣⲻûģֱҶʮμƷҪڱϣָò
ҶѰѾ裬ֻҪʱ䣬ѰʮμƷпܵġ
ҶڴӦ˳ðǱ󣬶·ǳȥ
СӣʮΰʮΣһζС
һߺһ߳ǡ
㣬űɥ
Ҷڰͷһ˵Ҫ۲һŹϵľЩʲôˡ
ʣһǿչ·һҪĵط򲻿ôǿ߽
Ƿٶȣ⣬ǰ˼ʱʱܹˣҲһЩƮݳ鶯ɵŮӳС
Ще壬ҲеԲ壬Ҳǣ˶һ
Щ̤ǿչ·ǿ֮·Ҷĥ
Ȼô̤ǿչ·̶̼ʱѾ°ˡ
ôЩ˶һ̸ϵѵʲôرıʲɡ
Ƕһǿкܶ
ⲻܣһ·ҲûһǣΨһľһǰǡ
ǿŹû֣Ҷȡһ֣ΪϢŨ
Ȼˣ֮ǰϢϢ룬նɱ֮Ϣʧġ
ҶͰǽ֮һϵĳǳؽ룬ǳгһرϢĽֵϲʱ޺Х
ڽֵתһȦҶ֪ܿһҪϢǵϿһǣǿչ·һǣҲǵһ۹أǰǿչ·Ķ۹֮⡣
ǲͨ۹أζṳ̂ǿչ·ʸֻԭ·أһ۹Уֱ
һһΧתվ»ԡǻԣ׹䡣
ĳ˵ǿչ·Ŀˣ֮ǰ̭֮·ˣﶼ߲ĻǾûʸ̤ǿ֮·ˡ
·ƣѪǣ˲пľֻе˲ʸнĽ
·;֮Уǿյǿ߸ǣǡ
ǿչ·һ۹أҲһ򣬺ɰٴ۸˽ܣΨн˳ǲǿչ·ϼǰС


1726 õ
ǿչ·ųǿ֮·Թһֱڣÿ꿪һΣȻܹưǿչ·мˣ
ǿ߶ʧˣ
˶ûлص;һЩ۹غϣγһЩǷʢľ
ǣԭǾѵ֮أȻΪѡһ˵徿жԭסˡ
ֳΪ˷ˣȻڿµʿƵǲԻ
˾棬Ҫϵˡ
ȷûЩԸеĶǿߵĺᣬŽǿչ·һ۹صϵԭסҲԲǺǵġ
ʵϣԴӽǺҶ͸оеĿ⣬˶ʼ໥κ˶ţΪǽǾߡ
ھǿ߽߿ǣҲǼֲ֣ܶԭסں⣬ûЩңԶиĶǿǡ
ϸ֣Եĵ֮⣬ҲһЩС̷ڽгŸ
óԵĻóԲҪǮ
Ƥڵӣ̱ԪʥƷСԣ
Ʒʥ߹·Ҫ
ųǷˮڶЩ֪ĸиǿߣؾҲûаη塣
꣡
Ҷע⣬һһӣҶ˵ҶСӣǮ
#%%
ҶĶˣոǣʲôû˽أðʧĸԼ¡
ѣҶóһаصƷʯ¡
Ҿ㣬Ժٸ£ԼǮȥ
Ҷ԰˶ӵоҧгݣȴûһ취
Уڿ㲻˭ˣ
һȻӣʲôڵİӣ޾ߵ⣬ˣ
Ҷ൱ֻܿ㣬ڸԼ£ϵԭסɲǺǵġ
ΪղŵõһϢŹϣǽֱһ˺ǣ֪ʲô
һЩʵǿʿаɱһԭס񣬽ڶͷ­˳еϡ
ҪסջſھҪһƷʯΣļ۸̫ס
ԭסнͣҲȲѣǾǿ֮·һ̫ˣӹʿ·ѽŹϵԴһգҲҪ棬ǲѶΪ֮
λϾҪȥˣһض飬Ʒʯҩȶ⡣
кܶƷʯҩ𣿡ʿѯʵ
ǵȻһӶеվ»ԡǻԣʥأиԪŨӦвٳݵҩ
ҶͰڳת˺ܾã˵̸˽⵽˺֪ܶǿչ·һ۹ÿ굽꿪һΡ
ȽϺãǿչ·ոտһ࣬ڰǰ˵һϵʿ֮Ѿаûٿˣڸʿǳ࣬׼ٴο
кܶеʿѾȴ˰֮ãЩһûͨѾȴꡣ

ȻһңһȺ̤ĵ·¡¡죬羪İƾ޴
Щÿһһս£ҲǿޣԣƼƴ󣬽ֵϵԭסǷ׷Ϊÿ˵·
Ȼ˵ЩԸеĶǿ߲ϵԭס񣬵ŹϵԭסͬҲԸЩԸеĶǿ߷ͻ
ϺǣװڵĵǲСǱ˸õӲκõ
һƤڽֵģ˸âĿųȺʿһԲϴֵ˼
ϰףˣҪһȺһʶǻݡ
Ҷڰϣ˵
ǵҲǣмڸһȺһʶ
˵ţһŲ˼Ⱥʿÿ˵·
϶ѣҲһ۹أֱ
ȺʿеһɨҶͰһۣм˵
ҧ㣡
ˣõΪʾԼĸ߷ڣû뵽ȴˣһĸܹܣ
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ģˣ
ıǲԶȺһʶû뵽ȴηӵС
ҶҲ⣬ѵ˵ǿչ·ϣǫѾųĴ
ʱһĿ࣬ϷԺµƸ֣һǧɣҡͷһ˿ӣ·ʬǣ޵У·ϣû˻Ϊõ
һͷչɹһŮӣĿһۣо⣬Ϊ·αˣͷء
ء
Ƿһŭ𣬹ųǣǧһ㡣
ʱУҶ˺ܶĥѣҲ˺ܶգȱڻˣǸ˿ȴŭˣɼܵĴ̼ж
ҶСӣ㣬ƾʲôҪΪ·ԺҪΪ·ҾӡҶԹ
֪Լһ£ԭǲȺһʶȴĴη壬Ϊ·ϵųߣ֪ôི
ҶҲ֪滹ôĽŵ֪Ļ²ϧһսҲκõġ
̨·ǿӦ޾壬ң˶Ƕ֣δսѹ߱ȱȽǣ㲻Ҫǹȥ
һ㣬ݵĸ֪ҴҶȥ
һȺӣ߶ɵˣǲɣ·ϼ֪
Ǳһǵ˺ȳѻֱ䣬㵱쭡
սǲþͷ£ҶͰǶⲻˬյǣҲֻ̫֣ʱ
ѰһҿջҶһƷʯͰסڣƽһĴȺӣͬʱԹҶ·顣
Ҷ൱֪⽲Ļ˵ʲôҲЩ·ġ
ջ󣬵ҲֵԺ̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽˮ԰ʽƣɫˡ
׼񣬵ȴǿչ·һ۹صĿΪһ۹֮󣬱Ȼս
ʲôˣ
ٿȻڱĿҶ۾ԺУֻһ͵͵죬ԱߵԺ
꣬С㣬̨ϢġһСݸɵʿ˵
ϢʲôϢҶɫʵ
ַϢˣûжٷУΪ۱⣬ҲһıֶΡ
йǿչ·һ۹صϢ֪ЩϢ϶ܹδռȻɹͨǰһվ
СɿݵʿչչһЦ¶һڻ
۸񲻷ưɣⰡҶЦЦĶ˵
ȿȡ
СɿݵʿһЦû취ҲҪ治ǣ̨ҪĻҿԿǸۣ˰ٽＫƷʯˣ˶һǧＫƷʯġ
ҶʧЦϢֶβǸ۱ѧİɣʲôϢֵ˰ٽＫƷʯ
Сɿݵʿһ㶣ѿڶʲô۱Į̄Ǵɹģ




1727 ۹ǰ
Ҷû뵽ϵʿȻ֪ɹǣǿչ·ϣɹҲ൱ġ
̨ɹǵĻòҪκ𡣡
СɿݵʿһһҶ
ΪΣ
ţһٹ˵ǣ˽ܲݷôΪľУǱ֪ɹǵĻпܾԵУ
Ҷ⣬û뵽羹Ȼǿչ·ϾȻôľУǰ·»Σգ˻ֻǺСһ֣·
ǿϸС·ܶ࣬е·һ˳еı֮۸ԤĥأǿĹ򣬵·ߡ
˵ǿչ·֮⣬··ȵȣ;ͬ飬һɡ
СɿݵʿҶ֪һЩ
Ҷ˰˰ٽＫƷʯйǿչ·һ۹صһЩϢ
һ۹ǵϿգȻһΧתȴǳһΰǣҲ֪ˡ
պǽῪʱʿ֮ͬУȴһ۹صĿ飬ҲΨлŴõһЩͨ˿飬ǰǿչ·ĵڶվ
ǵĳȴЩ߲ʿǣ򣬲ջı㱻̭ˡ
ʿһб̭һ֮һЩϢЩСӹ൱
̤·˶Ϊ֤ĿģΪֻһгɵ۵
˶ǣ봳Ϊǿ߶ȥǺң֪Ҫˣ
Ҷйشħ̩ǵϢ֪Ѿһǰͨ˿飬뿪ǣǰһվȥˡ
ڵգȴСɿݵʿ֮⣬һЩϴα̭ŹϵʿһزᣬеһЩһ
УҶûгţһֱĬĬ׼ǿ֮Ŀ֮⣬ҲĬĬп֮·ߡ
ʱת˲һ磬컹һ쳹ǣǿ۽أ
һӰڿնһͷͷԼ̤գƺƴϿյǿеǳȥ
ҶͰҲգǷȥ
;УΪڹųеݣҶڰϣйâһѪɫľìУһɱ
¼׷ǲİٶȺ죿
ֱ紩Խռһ㣬ѾǰУ˦

Ҷĺ󷽣ǿգҵʮǿ޲Уһʥ£ͬĽ⣬һɸѹ
ЩȫǺ֣ÿһͷУţޣ׳䣬оͷɫʰ쵣Զŷ˺ᡣв绽ꡣ
ֱһȺ񣬺Хأ׷£ܣѪѹֲ졣
ڽţϵӸǲϰɢŹͭɫĹӥǹˣ˻ϣΨҶ
ţȻһͷޣ޶ǣʵȴﵽ߾ʥһͷʵʥޡ

ʮ磬ХѪı˰һƬҡһѱˣ˿ûн˷
ٺ٣ԩ·խ
Цһſ³̨֮߰У׼ӭս
һ۾ϳʮڹųǼ̶ϺǳЩˣ˿ưոݣ
ֱӼ̨׼һһս
ҶĮȻۿоìɢɭȻѪ⣬ΡȻ
䣡
һبҶʮм䣬·𲻶˻Ϣ
ͣ
Ϊڽţϵһ֣ʮ˲֮ͣУ뻮һѵһ㡣
ǰĴΪڽţϵ΢΢ü˫⣬󿴴һ㡣
ϰףʲô󣿡
ڰϵҶʶķʽѯʵ
̴󣬺ٺ٣ֻҪǸ̤һͽǴ͵ǧ֮ǿȥǷɻѾһ֮ˡǵЦ
㹻ݣ
ҶȻʧЦɱɱǸݣ͵ǧ֮⣬ǷɻǹҲ͹رˣҲһֵܼôá
λ̨֮ƺûйڰɣ
ʮ쿴ǵֻüҶ˵
ûʲôڣϰף߰ɣ
ҶȺſҲûʲôøУֱӺͰһǷȥ̨Լӡǣһ֮ջأǽ̨ݻˡ
ܹǰĶǵ֮Щ˶Լѹһ֪
ˣ
˫âһ̨ջأĿǰǡ
ҶҲǳ𾪣û뵽һĻ澰
ں嫵ǿУһΰľ޳ǵǰǧХºبŲࡣ
˶ͣǰԶųǣһֲãĴв
ǿеһųǡ˶ݡ
ΰأϣֱǿУǻԵϴ񣬷ǳ˵Ӿ
ռؼ㣬ǽɽ룬޾¥ߴ׳һԺصĳűպţǿԵסǧԼԸеĶǿߣ
»䣬ǻ٣һɫǺӴңųǿضׯϡ
Ұ˻ɽ죬һ۾һȫԶŵ֡
ǰ񻢡ϳ׵Ŀӥ˫紹֮ƵȶΪԶйھһĶǿߡ
ųǰΨ˻ޱȵѹ֣ǹϵĳѹȸС
Ҷüоһֲɣ޳Ǹ˵ĸоǳĻֺƴبų棬Ĺʷ
ǳؽںʱԴδѲɿ֤ųǿ·ϵһء˵
ҶϤࡰϸСĹ·ͨյһڵ㣬һӣͳһ˸ǿߵ·
ưľ޳ǰжˣԶÿһ˶һصǣȫ֮ܡ
˿治٣кܶǳ𣿡
ľĴܡ
ûһߣеһЩ˵ʥˣ۰һݡ
ʱһڣʮﵽˣÿɫÿǵĴ赲һ֮ãǴѵĵط
ȻʮǳǿƣҲǿռһλá
ܿ죬ʮҲҶͰǣһŭĿӣɱֱ죬ȴûǶ֡
ȻҲյһǰͳΪ㣬պܲ˵ضᱻвľ߶
ǲҶȻҲ˫Ȼలͬȴ۹صĿ




1728 أ֣
һ۹ǰۼʿԽԽ࣬ǿпռ㹻ӵĸо
ʮϵÿ϶ɢɱʵһ㣬ΧһƬգûԸվһ
ѪʮһƬϵʵĪ⣬һ·Ѫսңһǵĳˣ
Ҷһ·˵أ;вδһλߣҪ˽
ʲôѪʮʲôңûǳԱ񡣡˵
Щĥ£ԸѾóֻռ˲ܳԿıȴơ
֮ǰѪʮһ٣ϾͰڳ赲ѪʮĲһѵ

˵ԱһЩԸһһǴһˣ˭ҲԸտʼʮС
ȻҲ˶Ѫʮܶ۶Ǹһ䣬صȴһ۹صĿѶġ
ҶʣôôˣԲͬǵжǣʵ˳Ծ
Ϊˣڵ֪֮Ѿǳˣû뵽ǿ֮оȻôǣô˵ϵʵ¶ֻǻûҵԶͬѡ
ߣ
һߴһͷչһŮӣ˪ɫֻеƫϣʷǷһǿߡ
ţ
ҶüͷһڹųǵĽֵϣŮˣʱԣ˵Ĵ⣬ͷȥμǿ
չȻС壬Ȼ೤ɢ貵Ĺâվһ˫צץգ֮
Χв˶˵ƱƵòˣ˻ܵһѹһǿĳˣɵñɫ
Ůӻδֻ֣ηˣѹһЩ˵ƣס
ҶǡҲλԹۣûʲôʾ
ٷͬĴǵ٣Ҳκ·ġ
Ǹ˿һĮȻĿչ񣬸ԻԷĽѵġ
Ϊ׷ߵҲе壬չȻҲǿǴѪ˵ǿ٣˫ͬһˮƽϡ
Ȼ
Ϲʱڷӡİǣʵս黹ǱģͷչҪǿ̫ˣοߵĳ־ѧ
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ѪʮǣҪ˵һССչˣָҽֻ񵱳Си¾ơ
ৣ
ŮĮ߿һۣȴûŭȻҲǲڽ֮ǰͳΪ˵Ľ㡣
ڴұ˴֮䶼Ǿߣһ˭ֵļͻ˵ͻᱻ˵вľ߶ֳ
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Ҷʼպƽûа㲨Ҳûʲô˫ల£ռһλá
һʱȥˣǵĳʼûпſҲûʲô򶷵˶ܿƣֶһЩ
·һ۹ǰȻۼٶˣÿ˶һۣѪʢǰһĶǿߡ
ҶŻôǣⲻ֪
ԭΪǿҲԲ̫࣬ΪԴ۵ʵԿ԰ǿˣкܶǵĻɹӦмزŶԡ
ҲһЩ˵ɹϲûйЩǵκδ˵
ֻΪһڣһЩ˵Ľ̸˽⣬úȻһЩջ
ǿչ·û̫ˣһεЩƫడ
һĿ࣬һĴ󺺿ڵ
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ҶȻ򣬵ȷÿһ϶һЩǿ̤ǿ·ξ߳˲ʮһĶǿߡ
֮󣬿϶½̤ǿչ·ѰԼĻԵġ
ǻǱȽ˵ģ˰͵ȵһοգЩŵȵһοصӣξԿôҶأǰҪﵽ۷ܽء
Լء
ܼ򵥣˶ǳǿѪʮһ·ѪսһһѾ˳ˣܲ𣿡
⵹Ҳǣһ˲ٺݲӣƬͣѪʮﲢһ֦㣬ߣ֪ģδ֪ǿߣһβʿԲһβ٣ǿֻûеӶѡ
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϶ֺصĳϢĴˣʮǿ߻߶ͽУǰȥÿ˶ƽ
ɢبŲĺϢɫľʯɣΰˣڰء
ʿǺܶ࣬ŽļУ죬Ͽգһ㣬˻
ɢһɱսɱǿߣػ˵أ˲ðһȺݷڴˡ
ǵĹзһЩɧǿߺǿΪ˶ˣҪ۵׵Ĵ·ϸ
һ֣ڸԵǷǳǿƣѹȵ˵ˣΪ·
ȻѪʮǿƥܱߵ˶Ϣʮͷ˻̤գһԶȥ
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мЦɨҶλһۣнλʿм䣬Ǽᷢһս
ŸëбƵ˱
仰ѪʮƵѪ
ÿʮ˶һǿƵˣ˲ҿܿһ·һǿս⡣
⣬ҶҲ˳Ҫ·Ҫҡߵ޵֮ġ
ò˵ǸŮӺǿս죬ѹҪϢķʿܲסˡ
µĽѱۣɫ򣬽ɫâѿգޱȵǿơ
˶ˣΨҶڣŻɢâİǷſŲŷȥ
ССϣҵӵ·
ŮµĽâ㣬ͨĿһɫ׷˹
չǵصһԾ޳ᣬ̽צ˸âץҶͷ­뽫˺ѡ
ǴŭҪУҶ侲̧ѪɫľìɲΨֳѪɫìĮĴ˳ȥ
ۣ
һѪɫ͸񷣬Ѫ罦䡣
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1729 ңأ
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ڴʱΰĳͷϴһƬЩʿ˳ꪡȣ·
סˡңܻʧȥľͲǽǿʸ񣬺пıȺʿɱˡ
Щڵһ۹صʬ϶ɢѪһʣǴ֮ĥ³ɱ
Ƕǿ֮·ϵʧߣԹǸǳֵĽڣǾԲκ
飡
ҶìңָۣʬķѣѪ䣬˶ĵˡ
һһųŶȥ
Ȼڣھһսĥ֮ȴһֲ赲ɱ֮ģ
Ȼǿ֮·УĥƽԼǣó˺ܶ࣬еĮļ¡
һһǰУΰľ޳ǰѻȸţƬ赲
Ůɫ࣬վ۹֮ǰҶ߽еıӰ𺣬ɱ֣ȴûа취֡
ͷ֮ϣЩʿһɱ̫Ũˣ·˻񣬼ȻѾ˴˵صĹûԸս
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һΣǲ˽Դ򶷣κΥɱۣ
УһĿ࣬սףֳһսìľʿĶҶ˵
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ǻɢŵâԵø䣬ֻצʯذϣȻƽȲǰС
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ӹǵĹųôɹҶʵڲôšҶĽϵס
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ʱƣ¥ϵԽԽ࣬ܶ඼ǸոսǣԸеߡ
ЩЩͨ󣬸յﲻñ˺ܶܵϢھ¥ȾƵͬʱཻԼõϢ
ҶɫţһҪǿĶ࣬Щ괫ķʽҲܽ˲ĻϢ
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ûҶ̬Ǳ㻯һ׹ǸгٵˣſѪڣֱӽĲҧȥ




1730 Ǻߣ
ʲô
һֻռ˲ܳԿ˵Ⱥ棬ҶҲûнֵֻܵܿ
Ⱥ֪ӵܾȻ뽫Ϊʱըëˣȥһٿҧɭɭһ㣬ֱҧǳٵĻֱϵ˺аһ飬Ѫ죬˴Ŀģ

ٲҽһٱˣײ˲֪ΰʣٴοǵг˾ͷŭ
ôҲû뵽һֻǳͨİǾȻ׺Ļҧˡ
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ǴۣҲҲˣ̤ǿչ·ʱ׳Ҫ֤ʣҶΪ
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ɫ࣬оԼܵصƣɱʢ
˿̣ѾհˣһҪ
Ҷڿԣûж࿴Щһۡ
Щ競ǣǿľǸгٵˣҲڵľѡ
һ·ɱսѾڵʵˣټѪ⣬ʿԼľأ߾ʥЩ˸ͲĶ֡
ٷˣһ꼴ѾǰֻͨİǲͬѰҲֻӲͷƤˡ
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һԼȻһֻǸˣʱۣһе˹ȥ

һһڽβҧһӶ˺ˡ
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ǰĽҲǳĹӸǰԵޱȣһǿʱǿҪɹλŽ似˽ʲôţһ秵ģ̩˵ǻĹ֮ǰĵ۵Ĵˣһʵͽͨͨƺ޶˵׾ȭĴˣǳǿ󡣡
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ܺãһû˿ģʱɱ㣬ɱĻԼҲҪеΣһжȵ죬˵ɣϣǸʱ㻹ô¹˵
Ҫҡ
ҶһƣȻôҲһ룬˿ûн¹ӵ˷
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¹ʵûˣΪĶӣʲôʱܹɱ㡣
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̨㲻õǽ¹ӰǳĶӣҲзӣжԸĻӹǵĶ֣
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λ̨֪һǵִǰѾˣڳǽߣҲǵһǵִߣһ֮·ʧܵʿҶҡͷ˵
Ȼ
Ҷ˳˼ɲһϢ
ûϵˮڣҾͲţǿչ·Ͼûй˲ɣҶɵһƣ˵
รɣڽ̾˿뿪Ҷӡ
ųȻǿУ½ϣȴҲҹֱǳ׳
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ڣʽϢÿһλǿչ·ʿжһҪʼˡ
ҶüʽϢδǰв֪ˣںεضв
΢ϦɢǰڽҵһϢ
ѪʮǸŮ˵һˣ㵱вľ֣Ҫֳ㣬ҴзӵĻвѲµǱȻжֵģҪμ˰ɣҪ
ֻ˵ǻòͷˣҵ뿴жҪɱңʱһն֮Ҳǣ
Ҷ侲˵͸ɱâ




1732 ɱ
Ҷ侲͹ڽ뽷ǳҲΪǡ
Щ˿ɶ·ˣΪһۣҶǿܵĵסȺ̻
һҹԸеʿڴİĹųеĵľſ
ڶһ磬컹һŽǳçԶԶŴϹȵź
ĬĬվĹ㳡϶ȥѹѹһƬӰ
Ǹ߸ߵļ̨ϣӰˣʣģģܲʵΨһ˫貵һ㣬Դʹ˵ۡ
ȿ桢սʱĺŽǣǶסˣ
࣬˲˭ҲҶ治
ǹϵĺŽǻ죬çϢ棬һ޺Сޱȶӵԭʼ硣
ŽֹͣڣսֻһĿģõǸĴ壬ûԣʹֹ
У˶Ǿߣ໥ܵκ𷣣ֻлŹõǸĴ˲ʸǿ֮·ȥ
Ļ࣬˵֮ʯ̨ʧͲԸһ֣Ϊ˶ʲô
Щ˼вҲñԹ˳߲˵ء
ܶϴα̭ʿе⾪ȣΪϴΣû˵ҪõеĴ壬ϴҲ˵˵ĻһЩܹͨҲδ֪
ҲҷɧֻĬĬĵȴţ֮Уããδ֪֮У˭Ҳ֪ǽᵽʲôطȥ
ȻȻҪǸĴ壬ʣһƬӣп硣
ҽ·
һͷڱ֣һӣ£䣬Щ߰ס
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󣬸ŶʮλʿйӣֳꪡȣɱӯҰ
Щʧߣǿչ·߳ȥԶ֪˶ٹأհͬ޵˽С
ÿ˶࣬ͳһ·
¡¡
һ绮Ʋ񷣬ѿڹ㳡Ͽճһ޴Ĺϼ̨ޱȵľ޴վȥ󶼲ӵ
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䣡
һ޴Ĺ棬˺ѿһĿռͨͨδ֪ı˰
·
ͳºɫ񱪵һռͨİٶʿʮʿѹ
һرĹ·֪ͨƬ
Ҷĸоʱˣɲǰ꣬بŴҴҡ
ռͨƺ͸һ㣬żܹһƬƬ˦Ǵ͸棬˼ңԶ֮ء
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬˶һ𣬳ͨУ˾ͷ
ǻ˸һٲһ㣬âͶʥࡣ
ԶһҲ֪ٹˣҲ֪ٴ
ǰʲô
һָǰ
Ҷѷ֣ǰԶһ޴Ǻ죬򣬲ʯһƯããǺеľ޴졣
һŹǻҪ׳һŲɣϢҲ֪ٺƽˣبڴˣ޾Ĵ˵
ѪսĵطҲ֪˶ǿߣмˣǽȥֻҪᵽŲϴͿˣûԣôͲؼ·ˣ
ͳ쵭˵
ȻһйµǺ죬ݴԴ粻ɿڻĹ֮ǰŲɣֻʣ˲Ĵ˵
ȺܲеͬӦڣȴʼղ٣
ڱ嫵ǿ֮УҶӦ˼עԼâڱ
ҶͷڲԶŮӺʿԼʿһжʮˡ
ԶѪʮҲĮעһɱ֣â¶
ǵ֤֮·ʹĻܷм߳һŵĴۣպĿԴ
ٺ١
ȺУĶлҲǸ¹ЦһҶ˵Ȱ㻹ǴĹȥһұն㣡
˵ЩʲôҪǲȥĻôأɱİˡһҧúܲҵЦ˵

˷޼ɵЦƺҶǽĻһˡ
ҲҪѣ㻹รɣҲģҶԣ˿ѹûнϡ
С
ЩЦʿǶʱһ˭ģôǿƣĶӶ
Ǻǣ˵λ𣿻ģһڵ϶ѣôôҧҰ
зߵһʿ

ĻʱһôЦ嵭˼Ľա
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ҶһЦҲҧģҵȴпܻô
˵䣬Ҷʹ˸ɫ˻ˣҶһ֪ʲô˼ʱһǺһ˫۾Ŀˡ
ʱҶЦˣһԶҶվĵطһӳա
һзߵһ˵ţ˭ᰡ־Ľ
û˵ʲôԣ½ʵ˵ɣһҲ˵
ƶѣ޷ǾǲԼôǰˣҽô֣ѪʮҲŹģô࣬ûκϣԹĿҶ̱˵
Ҳ߶³ӣзӣֻǱŶһ²һµԭ²ؼ߸߹ѡ
ǺҶ׷ǹʣУ˴֮䶼Ǿߣһ˽Ҳá
ڽȻҪҶ⼸䣬ʵӼģ˵ûзᱻΪǺҶһĶ˹
ȨֻܱտڲԣֻǵĿҶֳ棬κ̤ǿչ·ǿ˵Ǿɱ֣޷ƽ⣬Ǿʹ˳
Ȼ
ûһ޵е֮ģһѡȴˣһĽԹӰ졣
֤·ϣ˶ʧߣֻܳȫ˶ѣҶĻǾɱ
ˣѾҿԽˣ
ͳɨҶһۣ˵
ǺһȻƽʱӡţҲǴһŻѡ
ͽе㣡
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ҶģѪʮҲҪ̸¾ѧ
ѪʮﻯһС
ҶģɲҪʧһҪΪǵĽ񱨳أ
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ôɵ϶ģѪʮ躮лӣһ֮
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ಣ
۷׷׵ʱҶˣ˶ֳѪɫľìһһ




1733 
Ľȥˣ
治𣿡
ô˰ҪԸȻҽ˲ɣ
ѵʲô֪ĵƲɣ
еʲôãǸڵСʿѣѪʮеϴﶼǽ߾ʥˣ֪Ϊжôǿ󣡡
ˣ֪ǴƬģ̫ϧˡ
⣬ЩûнǷ׷ۣΪҶξԲˣҪٵĶʵ̫ǿˡ
ͳ΢΢Цһһ˿ײɱ⡣
ɲֻıԴ򣬴壬ͬʱҲзǳǿǿޣ˵ǲɱ˲ҪǿǿޣҪѪʮľ֣ĻἸΪ㣡
һʿҡͷ̾Ϣ߽С
УǻʲôѵѵĴ𣿡
ûнڿҶ޷˵ĳ֮һܴ̼Ҳгȥ
ڽ֮ǰһͨ˸߲ʵĹâһ㣬޷
Ư֮ͨӳıһç磬ȻԳ仢Х߲ʱԶ˻
ȻֻһͨΪ˱Ǹһ⵽˵ķֵĵص㶼ͬһĲŻһ
ոսҶ⵽һͷԳĹһֻëǿޣҪǿ٣צ쵶һ㡣
飡
Ҷɫȭͷգһȭ㽫ͷǿǿ޸ˣѪ꣬Ѫɡ
ãǿ뿪
龰ɫ䣬æҶȥ
ҶҲ˲ˣԳĺ٣һ㶼ȺӣһɱһͷѪζܿὫȺģʱԲ֪жٵĺȺ뼫˵ı
㹻󣬿һǣֻҪСŵ㣬δػᱻȺ׷ϡ
ˣ
ҶͰǶܺȺʱһͻأĳ֣絶ҶʢѪɱӯҰΧ¶ȶú˲١

ҶѪ죬ɢŵĽâɫ֮һȭӭȥ
飡
Ѫ֣ǿ䣬Ѫ죬͵Ϯʿ߶ûһֱӱҶһȭˡ
һȭ
һȭҶ㽫͵ϮԼʿˣѪɢķѣɽС
ʿոշҶӰһҶʵзʾãȴû뵽һ־ͱҶһȭˣġ
ְֻ̿սᣬһɲǣ˵Ļںޣϧʱ䲻ӡǳװʧ
ѪҺȾӲݣǿڿ֦Ҷ䣬Ѫܵľ󣬴Ŀġ
ҶûᣬתԶɽ롣
ɣҵҪжɱҡ
ҶԶɽ룬˵
̨벻Ҫᣬǲ޺̨Ϊе˼ֻ·ѣ
ߴɽ߳Ҷֵ
ղһĻۿѪܵһĻĵ׷ʵ̫ǿˣ͵Ϯ˵Ҳڵǿߣû뵽ȻɱˣҪǿս
ΪУԲʲôõѡ񣬸οǺҶ֮䱾ûʲôڣȻԸڸ籾ԴشʱΪԼС
ȻԷ޵⣬ҶȻҲΪԼǿУЩÿһһǿߣܹ̤ǿ֮·мǵ֮
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ뵽ȥȻҪ籾ԴشȻĻˡ
ʮʮоţȥһΪȻ֮仯Ҳ
ʴˣҪ籾ԴشֻҪһ־͹ˣҲܹôͨԭ򣬼ǹ֮ʱҲδȫˡ
һçϢĵ죬һƬ½޴ƯڱУبŲ𣬼һǶδ˺嫡
ΡĹߴɽ룬һ¶´ؼħبǰһУ
پһÿһ궼ˮͰϸҲ֪˶£һƣھɽϡɶ¡
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һƬ磬Ϊԭʼķòҩ٣ǧҩĲΪ棬˼ҲС
ҶǰǣûȥժЩҩ䳬ҩǼǰȥ
໺𡭡
һأһͷԼʮɵľܴɽ߳һѾһϢ˵İ
ȻսƷҪѰһطһˡ

ŵӲˣͷܵʵѾﵽʥʵ̫ˡ
ͷܺҶͰǲȤһոɱһͷԶҶͰǲȤ
ҶҲûȥӵʥʵľܣ˫లµĸ߿ˡ
ҶûŰǣͽȥȻųǰƽԲ
һųΣմڣûˡ
ڸıԴشҲǳڴ
Դӽ֮ĸоȫһ嫵磬رĵϡ
Ҷһͽ磬һ߲׽رĵϣܹġشĵۣɶԼʵһμ
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һɾߺبǰ緿һСͷ߸߰һɳо£ѵڵϣ˲佫ʯͷʴıѿ
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Ҷ˵ţʹɫðɢѪѹܷסֻߡ
ҡҡͷһѪһҲҲƾѪ֮
İķҪֵĻҲֻܷ㵽ˡ
Ҷսͺ޷ͻֻ͵ϮĽԳ⡣
ĶֲЩޣҪǳĶзӺѪʮԼɱչŮӡ
ûнЩ֮ǰ֦
ǰɾȻҲѿǣ֮ǰʿ޼ɵɱǱصޣһξȻ˺˵Щɻ󣬲š
Ȼ
˿̣ҪԼĺӣҲ֪ʿ˶٣ҲóȻֻ֣ýصѨУҶÿ˵·
գҶѰһɽۣһʯͷĸıԴش
ҲվһߣԶãأ򣬽
ޣϵıԴĸоҶһľС
ǳסˣڴˣ𣬳룡
һĮ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ţӰӰ´£ʮ˳ڶһɽϣоȻмǵľʿзӵ׷ߡ




1734 Χɱ
Գ仢Х঵һľ󣬲пɱʱ޿̶ݡ
ͬʱϳһصĵϡ
߳ҪŲпĻȥ֮⣬Ҫ籾Դشÿʿ˵һܴĿ顣
ٶ嫵Уɢߵļǳһ㣬Ե΢
Ȼ
ҶĸıԴʱǳĶӣзӵ׷ǳˡ
֪ʲôķȻܹ˺嫵׼ȷѰҵҶټ
һжҪˣЩ˷л֮ɱҶȡǣΪСӳٱ
⣬ǳҪԭ
ʮ˶л׷ߣҲ̤ǿ֮·ԸĶǿߣÿ˶һĺۡ
м̤ǿ֮·ʧ˵ǿߣȻʧߣͬǳֲ
ৣ
Ҷ˫âɨһۣٴα˫ۣıԴش
λǺεȵԸȻûнҵȷԼɾǿɱЦ
һ˷ʲôʱ䣬ֱǰɱͷȥٲˣ
ʮԶշֱӽҶΧסһ¶ɱעɽϵҶԼɱ⡣
ԩ޳ȴƣ˵ŹǶѣ
Ҷվƽɨһǣ˵
٣˵𣿾ȻҴԲѣֱ֪ôдġһȵ
ûһǣû˵ٻ˳ģ㲻ǵһҲԲһһҲ˵
һȺǰһƣǿƾø޶ֵĺУ֮ززˡ
ò˵һȺֲʿ߾ڵʥҲҪ
ᣬԷΪͷ־ϣǻк֮µķϣһ
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ʮһǰɱֱ˶̵Цš
ǿܽҶƵԷΪǳɾͿɱһնɱҪгɾͶˡ
Խ𣿡
Ҷƽʵĺûһ˿

˶ɫһͣ裬Էֹˮͷһδ˶ԷЩˡ
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Ƕʱˣ浱ǺǵĲɣһ
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һսһȷСȴûзУǼսľʿܹһ鷳֮⣬߽Բǡ
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£ҶѹԼʵսʢѪһֱѪҺǿսŷȣɨãء
ڷ٣磬һȴһϣ¡
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Ϊֲǣм˾ȻħףֱҶͼֱը
ħڽһ֣ħ֮һУԷ͵ƣһըܹʥǿ߹в
䡭
䡭
һҵıըضɽҡһ˲䣬ԲﱻΪƽأسǧɣƬݲɽʧˡ
ǽƳɹܹըʥǿߣЩ˴ǿչ·רΪԸǿ߶ãڵһʱͼ˳ɼɱҶľġ
ˣ۰һʥ˿̶ˣΪ޷ܹ˭ܿħױĹ⻪
Ȼ
ҶȴڴУûӣħױըһ˲ŰǶ˾ڵռС
ռһ˶֮Ŀռ䣬ʵǾ۵ĵ۱ڲĿռ䡣
ħȻֲȴ޷κε۱ֺȻҲ޷ռеҶκ˺ˡ
âɢȥҶĵطտҲʲôҲûʣ¡
~
һĻʱЩһͬʱЩϧǱըˣûлǵ
С覴ûܽܵķΧ֮ڣֻҪҶɱˣûлѾҪˡ
һΪжǿأҲһʿЦ˵
ǣ٣ֻ·һӴûһˡ͡
飡
ѿҶŰǴռһһȭʿֱӴڿУѪ֣Ƿ׷ɡ

˲ҽһ˲ǳһ΢ԼֵĴԶȥ
򣡡
ҶһϺȣ깲һ˵һɢڿУ
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Ҷ䲻ĳ֣һɱǵһͬ࣬˾ˣһֺͲ˼顣
ղǿıը£߾ڵʥҲԶ㲻ȥǰһĻ
Ҷħ׵ıըǵĹҺˣһ־;ɱһͬ飬ܲЩ𾪣
һϣɱ
ʿɫ䣬֪ˣҶ֪ôҪɱ»㹻š
ԴʵȻţôͬȻӦΣʵ

ǹ֣

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һʱ̻ͨһ֣ȫҶȥЩҲ֪ǺҶ֮ĳѾ޷⣬Ψн߾ȫ֮ɱǾҪùˡ
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ҶһߣſԷİ򷨲մͨĹ޷κв
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һʻȭĻԻͣ궼޷ӳ
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Щ˶һľǿߣʵСҲԶԼľ
˿̣ѾıԵЩκαԼʵȫӳ
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Щ˱ǣһȱ¡ڻռȫˣרǵСֵܺƨ졣




1735 Ҷħ
Χǵļ˶ˣһƷҲǵѪùơ
⼸˲˵ǿÿ˶һĶţȻϰһ취ҲûС
ǲǿ𣿲Ҫҵ𣿱ҧǣ
һҧһŵĴ̼ǡ
ҿûڸսǾĽǻɱˣԼҲûǿչ·ϻȥˣ˶ˡ
ȰĴ򷨣ҶԵѪ˺ֲܶ࣬飬ЩҲҪɱģնɱЩˣû˿ϵκͲ
Щ˶ɱΪߣȻͳĶӻһ𣬳ΪΪİס
ৣ
ҶйâһѪɫľìУ˴ʥɱеõսƷʥƷȻƷ׵ǹȴ׵ǹǿ
꣡
Ҷìָ죬ۡһһʿ˸ԴѪʿ۵Ťˣȴ
СҶأֻҪһԶʧˡ

ʿҽţҪԱ̥֪ҶУҲˣҪʱҶ汳
ҶԸ

Ҷһ񱩵֮˲ݻ˾ʿ̥ꡣ
ţ顱һʿȻըķѣҲììĨɱˡ
̶̼ӣѾʮ˵Ҷȭºì֮£ʣµľѡ
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⻹ô
ոһӴǾʧһͬ飬Է·ûƣ˵ˡ
ħħ
ۼҶԾɱһûߣѪɫսìÿһγһͬЩͬʱӿһ仰
ֱһʿӦеսȭͷìϻſ񱩵ֻ֮ҪУûκĿܡ
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Ȼ֮ǰĴս˲ȴû˵ǣսüпᡣ
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սٴαҶչֶΣɱɢ֡ɽӴӡر깲
һм˵Ĺ֮£Ҳˣһʿͭս̴һ˿ڡ
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ѣҶֱȼս˲չѰе֮µ޾籡ΪṩԴԴ
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Ҷһȭһͭ«Ʋ˥ֱӽͭ«˻ɳȥ
ǱߣҲսպգΧʿϽѹˣϽС
ȻЩ˶һţǿߣԼϽȴѱ
Ͻгſ񱩵֮ӻ׺յֲ֮֮
ǰԼϽҲҪܿЩ񱩵֮οǣ
ߣûһҺΪϴ˵̥ˣȻμҶʱҲںҶ˸ƽ֡
¡¡
Ͻٽ٣׺ֲ֮ϽдһҽУһҽֱӱ׺˵ķɻҡ
˵֧ţҶȼҲֺܼܳʱ䣬ʥİ£չʱڵɱʵʩչ֮Уһɱһ㣬ÿһγոһ
ƴˣȥ˭ҲӲ
һʿſһӣ챾Դ
УһȻһӽҶ·
ٴչҶѾͼУȻս鱦֮С
죬һ߶ͼһλ߾۷ľʥģ޷ͻƳ
һҶ˱ͼУʱһҲûеԴ߶ͬ˱ͼҪҶڱͼС
ƴˣ
һҶս˱ͼУǳ׷ˣ
ȫȥԸֻɶһʿɫ˵
ʮΧɱҶԭֵè׽һ㣬ȽҶϷˣĥ
Ȼ
û뵽һǾһͬ飬Ҷǿ󳬳˵Ԥϡ
ͼУҶ˺ܴ鷳ͼһ߾۷ǿ߼ģǳǿ󣬼ʵҪͻƳȥҲΪס
ֲ˶ˣҼӰѾһҪⱦͼУ
ͼʿͱͼ֪ҶĴʱϲͼ
ͼУҶ徧Өת

Ҷˣֱȼ꣬ʥ֮ͬʱƵֲޱߣҶħˡ
սӣӵ˲˼
ҽ
Ҷֱӽһץ˱ͼ֮УһָüĳָѪɢ
⡭
˶һ
Ҳֲ̫ˣ
˱ͼоȻͨսֱ˼飡
ţӲ˼鷢ˡ
Ҷ˫֣һͼ˺ˣһ߳˱ͼ
ۣ
ͼľʿɫұ䣬ͼޣҶٵ˱ͼҲܵ˼Ĵˡ
ڣսѾûκȫһߵɱˣսӵҶûܿ⡣
ӣ
ʣ߰ŵðɥ֮Ȯ̻©֮ӡ
ЩﶼˣԷɱں׷ɱһɱ䣬г
λֵܣס֣ǿ̸һ̸ֻҪԸ׷٣ұ̡֤
˰ŵðΪǷ֣Ҷٶ̫ˣضǵǰ·
̣ҲҪһأ
Ҷ˿Ϊһȭ˲ҽŻѪҲĥˡ
ͷߣȥ˭ҲӲ
һʿҧ˵

һĲҽнʵ˱Ҷһĳ࣬ڷ
Ψкһ𣬲΢Щɵǲֿܷһ˳Ƭ
ʧȥţ̤ǿߵ·ˣֻҪܻȥʲôá
зӣ˿ѹ˲ˣҪġ
ʮǿߣл߾ľʿݣһʥҲһƴ֮Ȼ˿ȴҶɱҾء
ҵ۲ʶۣ˴Ҫһʶһɡһ˳ױˣġ
ֻҪһ·һж˵ʿҲˣɫ԰׽е
ǲҪԷΪ𣿡
Ҷ˿Ϊһָָâǹʿüġ
ʿͷ­ը飬Ѫ




1736 Ҫɱˣֹˣ
ڴʱ
ಣ
һʿͻȻȼ̥꣬ٶ˼ޣ紩Խռһ㣬һԶȥ
ǰһĻĵѣëֱͨ˼ֱǸɱ˲գ۵Ĵħ
ͬʱҲڰԹзӣ˭ãƫƫһɱǵ
ܵ𣿡
ҶѪȣս죬ſһХ깲ߵľʿȻͣ񰵵
ţ顱һըˣѪƮɢǰ֮ڵɽ嶼ױ飬˳
һɽ飡
Ҷչֳǿʵһ·ϵĥ͸Ľᾧնɱ֮Լʵõʵȴûи׷ȫսĻᣬ㳹׷ſˡ
˿̵һ̫һ㣬ɢʥ⣬Уֲ
ˣʵǿʿȫʣµŵ德ΣСʧȺġ
һ̣ʲôϣʲôǿΪޡ
ǵԣ
ҶƵɫĵâʱȡ˵
㣬һɣ֪ˣ
һ˴ſǻҶ
֪պαص̫ˣ
Ҷ˿ΪԴЩ˹һ̣оҲûκ
һпľ֮·ȱҪֶģԵʴȾǶԼ̡
Ҷ׼ȡʱͻȻһŨɷӿѪʮﵽˡ
̨
˷·𿴵˾һ㣬һѪʮһӡ
ûҵӵ𣿡
ҶһߣһĹȥ޴ĺɫգֱӽ¡
飡
˺Ӭһ㣬ֱӱҶɱɢڵϣѣѪֹһȥ
ÿСӣҵѪʮף治Ƿ˲ɣ
ѪʮеһһһƬ⣬֡
˲䣬˵ۿɼٶȻָţѵҲպˡ
ʲôСӾȻԼ赲ǣֱնɱˣѪʮеһЦ˵
ϰˣ³ç
ѪʮΪ׵ϴ˸ղ˵һۣɫøء
ʶ֪ǳĶӣзӵ׷ߣǰ龰϶ҪΧɱǰˣȴ˷ɱˣҵľء
Ǿֻˣڽ֮ǰѾע⵽ˣ֮ӵ׷ʮˣͬȴֻʣˣұ׷ɱңǰ˾Բǡ
λ̨һ֮ĶԹһʹΣ
ѪʮϴҶ˵
ǿɢžӨĹ󣬳һҰԵζﶼ߾ڵʥޡ
һ֣һǳǿܼĿһرҰϢ
У
ҶȻܾЩ˶зӵʿΧܾʹ˷Ź
ʴҲҪиȣˣŹһ˾͵նԼһ
ǲ֪ôҴ̣ȴ飬浱Լ޵𣿡ǰ˵Ѫʮеϰٴڡ
ɱҵĳˣǺθɣ裬Ҫ飬Ц
ҶûǿѪʮϴ
֮ҲжԹԴ赲һӣ޷ǰһ۹صĳǰ
Ѫɱ¾Ը񣬴˿ֻ̿һõĳֽڶѣ鷳
ҶѪʮ֮ɫҰףûһѪɫǵǰ˵һ䣬ȫŵ˼㡣
֪һǳӵ׷ߣɱǿ²װɣѪʮϴٴ˵
ҵȻ֪˭Ҳ赲ɱǵľġҶʯǿġ
̨ĲϷŹ𣿡
Ѫʮϴɫ֣صʵ
ûҶ˵
ǲ֪ôҴ綼Ѿ˵ˣֻҪһ֮ĶԹһʹѵҪѪʮΪвɣ
Ѫʮеһ˿ڣ˵
ҪΪУҪΪУɱҵĳˣǺθɣȴ
ҶüѪʮǳǿҲڵһؾͺǷͻĿǰ벻ͻˡ
ǱˣɱǣѪʮΪСѪʮеϰ˵
ٴվҶ֮˵ǹҿ˭һë
˴ϲæѪʮȥаңҿѪʮǼһ
˵Ļ𣿡Ҷһ˭ȶ˭

˵䣬ҶйâһѪɫľìһ⣬ǰڵϣѪɽԽ౻ĥˡ
ʣµ˾ðæͣס˽Ųɸһ㶶ͣ
㡭
Ѫʮеϰ˴ŭֱǳĴ
˵˭Ҷһë̾ͱҶɱһˣžž찡
ڱǳְ㽫֪ˣҲһǵġѪʮϴ̾˿Լ̬ȣɱ
ҪҽڣǲǺɱǾһɣ˭ߡɱ⣡ҶЦ˵


֪Ϊ˭˶ҵȲ
ҪǺЩСɺȣҵȴĹݲð£
Ҷ仰·͹еһˮһ㣬˲Ѫʮը˹ܶ˷׷ָ
̨ȻִⲻϷ֣ҲֻõˣֻһѣֺαѪ
ʱѪʮϴٴοڣһ˿֮⡣
α֮ˣ˵ô࣬ǲҪҳֱӶ־ˣαô鷳
ҶǷһ˿Цĵļ
ǵģľѧ
ѪʮеϰƢֱӳһҶȥâ絶·һ㣬ˡ
Ҷָһһâ֮ϣ˲佫âƲ˥ݺݵײϰ˵ļͷײѪӿ߰˲վˣѪɫʾЩһѪٴοҶг𺳺Ϳ־塣
һսѣǴս֮ǰȴǣ
ҶĮɨѪʮһۣǿһ㿴ˡ

˾ֵĴУ˿̣г˾ͻںޣֱŵ̱ڵϣʺѬ졣
ǿ־嵽˼㣬֪Ҫͷ޴ɶˣ·š
칷һ׷ɱԭΪѪʮܹӹһ٣Ƕһ
ס֣
Ѫʮϴɱ㣬˲չ˱Լ֮ڡ
Ҫɱǣ˭Ҳ赲ˣ
Ҷһ˲ʧУֱӳѪʮϴ֮ڡ
䣡
ҶӶɫȭͷȭֱӽ˴࣬಻⣬ҶĽɫȭͷƵ֮ǰ˲ɻҡ




1737 սʮ
һƬ˲䰲ţ޶ӦһΣȫݷҳ
һǣʣ˱Ҷɫȫɱʹǿչ·ǿ֮·ˡ
նɱ֮ҶѸѪʮϴ򣬾վһ˶Ѫʮ˿·硣
ǿϧʶʱ㽫ɱˣԼҲˣ
Ѫʮеһ΢̣¶һƼڽ֮ɫ
·ôԼѡģֲñˣ֮ӵ׷ҲɱⲻĨӣòͷ𣿡
ѪʮеϰЦ˵

Ѫʮϴ̾˿ĿͣҶϺܾã૵˵ұ£κչһϧѰ·Ǿ͹ֲˡ
ǲһս𣿺α̬
ҶЦѾȫһս׼
ǰѪʮɲ֮ǰʮһں֮ڣÿ˶ǳǿ󣬼Խսʵ
Ѫʮɨǿչ·ս֣һһһѪǵĺպ
磬ɱţ֣еΪٵ׷Ǳ𣡡
ѪʮУһŰϬţ޵ս
ҪСģܽٵ׷ȫնɱй˵ֶΣУѪʮϴƬ̣ͷͬս
СӣѪʮ²֮˴߶ϬţǰҶ˵
Ҷ
ҶƽĿĺƽ޲ӳճߵһС
֣ڰϬţϵӣ̺һֲֿҰƺ֮ͬѪǳʢ
һǳǿĶ֣ȴûǿҶɵĵزڶѣһС硣
ǾźҶƵľʣԶԶڵҶĶ֡
Ҷû˵ѾҪˣΪϾǸˡ˼ΪԸ
նɱҶǾ֮ͶѣԼľҶҪߣ֮ͬ£ͨʿͲĶ֡
Ҷǿ츳ٺãҲֻܺԼƽһС£սûκ
仰Ҳͬ͸㣬͸ǣ
Ҷԣ˿ȶԷ
ĺܿ񣬿ϧ̫
΢ЦſҶǴһ˿
˵̫ˣ̫
ҶһͻȻĹһ⣬ɫ֮ȥ
ž
һĶ⣬˸ʵʵҶܹƬɽɷɻҡ

һҽУ˴һɳȥһ·ѪҶһƳˣЩֱһƳ

˷ĴУѪ죬Ѫģİٸԭſһ챾ԴһҶüնȥ
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ۣ
˶ʱһѪɫɷףҶĿгԹ;塣
ʲô
ô
綼Ķ֣
Ѫʮе˴һӦѪʮеʵǳǿ󣬾ȻҶһжӲǸеⲻ˼顣
ҶЦˣ˭ԣǲУһϰɣ
֮һսɣ
Ѫʮϴç߶½ţڶ
ֵܶˣҶչֳսӡ
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ѪʮϴҶɫҲ֪һֲĶ֡
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޻ͨķޣֻҪ߾Ϳǰʥ֣Ϊʥˡ
ʿֻҪ߾ҲͿԱ֮Ϊʥǿߡ
մһʥ֣ǾͲݵˣʵ߾мԽǵ蹵Ҳ֮ΪʥݣѴơ
𣡡
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Ҷ׻һѪת㱻ˡ
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ս޲ʤɨǿչ·ǧ޵֣
һĻѪʮе˾һɨ֮ǰѹ֣׷׹
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ѾƳﻢֻһϣҲҪʮŬȡһ¡
ǿǿ
ҶԸ¶̫ǿֻǿĶֲܱƳǱ

Ҷ쳤ХɢɫĹâ֮һһƣ
һ̣ޱչֳԼȫʵԹŶܲƬɵĻļ׸ؿڣ··ȼһԾܻ档
ȼ꣬ƼսӣٶҲһ¸ֳһƬص·
ɱ
Ҷչȭע˰ȭǰԾµȭ߱ǹһǰһ赲ǹ⣬ݺçȥ
սĵӣӵܹ߾ǿһսʵֲȭգɫȭͷſ񱩵֮һ赲
ֲǣԳͷŮϱ۵񽫣ؿڳһ󶴵
һȼ̥֮ͻֵһ˵ꡣ
Ҷ񱩵ĹѪʮçҲˣܵ˾޴в״̬µҶܹһս
𣡡
ҲչԼ似ͭɫȭͷգҶɫȭݺײһ
䣡
·һ㣬ȭͷײĵطշ˿µĴ·ٵһ㣬ӿһɻϢϯء

Ѫʮв˫Ŷ䣬ָѪ˫ҲͬѪѪӿ
꣡
çͭɫȭͷŤţҶҶˡ
ৣ
çٱˣͬʱתҶҶϵֱ˲临ԭˣҶĿȴһ˿ء
Ҷδ׷վԭأǿֲĻϢҲκβڣϢγһ΢ƽ⡣
֮һɱﵣ򲻵ѵʱ׶ãһþͱҪڳȫɱ
Ͼ֪û˹ע淢飬ӵϢԲع⡣
~
ѪʮçħϣҶܾòųһչ˸ΪµĹ
裬κһʩչǾϹŷӡԱˡ
䣡
ǧоɽ߰εضײ˸ɽҲЩֱӱС
çͶ㶼һԭʼҰ·Ǵ߳Ұһ㣬ֳһͷ޴Ĳǣ̥




1738 Ϊʷ
䣡
ѤʥأƬ֮طˣѿһľ޴ѷ죬һɽΪ˷ɻҡ
çչǿͬȼƱǣ似㲻Ծ
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ʮСʮС
һУ
˴ս񣬼ҶĲҲˣѪա
ȶԣçܵ˸ء
״̬µҶ˵ܹսϵģĲ࣬çˣϾѾ˼£ֻѾ̤߾֮һʥݡ
οçǳͬȾ£ɱͨʿͬвһ򵥡
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Ҷɫ䣬һſ򣬻ӶȭӲֺ£ò񷶼Ҫˡ
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ֺ»ѹ
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㲻䣬ȼ̥Ҳʹʵ轵пܵڵľ磬»صȥ
Ҷģļգ
Ѫʮеϰ˵

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ҶģⱨӦģ˲Źģ
Ѫʮϰ˲ˣС
һƬֱǸɱ˲գ۵Ѫħһǵħ׶༪١
çɫұ䣬Ҷ˹ɱ֮⣬Ҷ˵ЦѪʮĻΪʷ




1739 
˿̣ѪʮﳦӶˣ֪ҶôǿĻǾԲѡΪС
˵ʲôѾ̫ˣҶݺɱУһɱһ㣬ÿһγֶһ
ȥһҪȥȥȫҪ
Ѫʮ϶ŭĿԲƴһʥʥ⣬סɱ
ѪʮʲôʱǱ֣һҪҶնɱͷ֮ޣ
çӶˡ
ͬһһ·սǿգ˺ܶǿĶ֣ȫǻܡնɱûǱ
˵䣬çзɳһƬÿһǳٷŴɱγһǿͼתҶնȥ
ţ
Ҷͷһհָ㣬ɱеˣ𲻰뿪˷ŵλá
飡
һǳըֲɱΪ֮ҶͰǶһ
ҶǺ²ѣҿǼʱϵɱסǣѪʮçͺֱܻܿնɱ

Ҷ˺ʤ֮ģչ߰ɣɢŵ⣬һ޺һ㣬ɱݺ۳ҡ
飡
չȭգȭͷſ񱩵֮һصۣ·Ӷشһ㣬һȭһǳˡ
¡¡
ƬĴ̼£ɱȫ渴գһĥֱӽƬĥˡ
ۡ
çɫұ䣬һѪ㱻ɱֱĥ𣬼һѺۣѪ籡
Ƭսǿչ·ʱлõһرʥʥԽʥ
ڵõر֮㽫֮Լ޵ı鱦û뵽һʹñ㱻ɱĥˣܵ˼ش
ҶģǴģ㲻ú
ѪʮеϰѪɫʾѾȫˡ
·һѹǣǵľ෴Ļ㻹᲻˵Ļ
Ҷ䣬ɱݺ۳ңһȭֱӽ࣡
磬ҡҲ
Ѫʮеϰ˵ӳֵĺС
ݣ
һɱӹʱ̣״ʧˡ
ҶֵܣֻǸᣬѾΪԼ³ç㹻ĴۣҶסְɣ
ǰҶֻ֣ǸᣬðҶִдһ档
תۼ䣬ѪʮѾˣ룬ɵǲ
𣿡
ҶĮ˵ֻǸ֮ǰοƣ˵ˣˣ
ϰףɱ󣬽ȫĥ𣡡
Ϊҹζ࣬Ҷɱ󣬽Ѫʮʣȫɱ˷˴˵ص쳣
Ȼǳ󣬵ȻѪʮܹѰѱ˲ҲѰ
˳ҵİɣ
˷ܵĻڲɱȫ渴գ׼ʣİȫ
䣡
նضҪˣһƬɱ޴ţɱ
ƴˣһҪͻΧȥ¸֪٣У
Ѫʮ϶ͷһ⣬ʱסɱɱȥ
ֻҪɱ̺뿪ЩֵǣѾûˣΨн¸֪֮лƾлһܹնɱҶΪֵǱ
ʱᵽ֮ǰҶ׷ɱ˵ˣںҲˡ
ܣ
Ҷüëһһ˿Ĺâչ׷ǲɲǼ׷Ѫʮ϶
飡
ҶӶɫȭͷݺϣһ𲻶ȴûл
Ѫʮ϶ˣҪٵĻɡ
ף
Ҷһ㶣ĲʷǷȻǽڼ۱ɲĵģ
ֻϧѾˣ̵ѾʧƾܶԿⲻɱпܽѪʮʣµȫߡ

Ҷ޸ڡ
ˣ
ûһյĴֱ֣ץȥҪǿժ
Ҹƴˣ
Ѫʮ϶Ŀѣһ𣬲ҪĴ߶һ⣬Ҷȥ
飡
Ҷؿڹ˸ԹŶܲƬĻļһǿ񱩵ԾɽǧԶ
¡¡
ҶѪӿаԾɱоȻ
һûиشѡ
Ѫʮ϶ˣرжȫһ߾ϴ󶼽Ӳû뵽ҶϾȻûκá
ѾƵˣҲֱͣӶȥ
ӵҶִӽ쿪ʼд
ҶҲˣӶɫȭͷݺȥ
飡飡顭
Ҷһȭâ
Ѫʮ϶ɫұ䣬Ҷÿһȭһģܿͼֲסˡ
ڣҲסҶȭͷڵʮȭʱڳѺۣۿҪˡ
ҶģҲˣ
Ѫʮ϶ͷɢǹѪ˿˫ԹĿҶ˵
Һ⣡
Ҷƽ˵˵Ӧ˭ʵǿ˭ϴ󣬶㾹ȻϴҪǿ

Ѫʮ϶ЦҪ뵱Ļ͵ˣֻҲԸȥѡ
ˣҶͷȥˣ
ٺ١
ѪʮĶЦҲһ汳ġ
˵ţһιŹּɬһԼͷϣֱӽԼԴĳϡ
ã
ʱҶͻȻоһëȻĸоƺĪΣսһ㡣
Ϊ䣬޽⣬˵ˣҲҪһ·дƮһڹ˲ûҶڡ
䣡
Ҷڷ·һ㣬ʢѪȫ汬ʢѪ˲񷣬֮һڹ⡣
һڹ⣬·һ㣬ɺ͸ʴҶһӶȥܵµš
ǡʱô
Ҷ󾪣ƴ߶һȥֿһڹʴɡ
ʱأ֮۶ֲʱʴԷһ߾ڵǴʲôطõģ
ϵĻôǴҲҪɵ˭ֵܵסʱʴ
ٺٺٺ١
ҶһЦѾѪʮ϶ڹ֮Уûȫҷ
ġ
Ҷŭȴһ취ҲûУǴ֮壬ǿĻĵֵסʴɡ
Ҳֲ̫ʱ䣬Ҵ֮һĹ޵ĻѹƲס֮Ǿ鷳ˡ
뵽֮Ҷͷʱһ̵֮ɵĺɫԲֵһڹ⡣
ˣ
֮鷢ˣɫԲ򷢳ֲһС͵ĺڶһ㣬˲佫ڹ˽ȥ
ʲô
ɫԲдѪʮ϶ֵĲҽУ˲ڼžȻֱӱϢɵĺɫԲˡ




1740 ·һѹ
ţ
ɱ֮УҶҲһ
Ҳûϵ֮ɵĺɫԲȻܹ䡣
Ҫ֪Ϊ伸޽⣬κһ˶ᱻɵ궼⡣
Ȼ
ȻɫԲֱˣ˻û
ѪʮĶ̫ԩˣԭΪԼȫѪ߶һܹҶĥû뵽վȻĽ
ɵڹ֮֮ɵĺɫԲøӾӨ貣һϵĹâ
Ҷڣ֮糱ˮӿ޸ɺ͸ʴԪɢһʥĹâ
ܿ죬ﳹƽ̥ڵ룬һһ㣬ȴԼӡ
̥ΧԪطĻת𲻶̥ͷһһԲ໥׷̫һγƽ⡣
ԶɫâϲѺۣ·һľһ㣬ʱп
Ҷ߶ڣٽеˡ
飡
ţҲ޷ԭ״Ȼըһط
е֮󣬾ڱøԾûѵļ
Ҷ̾˿֪ǲǿģĲȻ̺źǺ;ֵ۱ȣ̫Զˡ
һģһɲģ߸Ͳһϣ
ɲ֮Ա֮ΪɲģΪӡصۣ᲻ɴݡ
ҲֻɲĲܴܳ۵ȫ߶ͨļʥ޷ɴǺ嫵
䣡
ɱзˣʱ˷ܵ
Ҷûжͣھе֮󣬱̸ϵɱ롣
ʱѪʮлʣڿ֣ʣµȫǿɱɱˣɱһɲҵϢ
Ѫʮεȵǿ
Ѵ·޵Уһǵĳˡ
Ȼ
ʱǣȴңһڣͷ棬Ѫ߰ߣǸܲһ
ɣҵĳǣֻҪǳڱ
ǿɱһɽɱɱһ˺ĻڣϵĲֽų鴤ĸצһ

ç˿̣Ѫʮֻʣˣ˺һѵĵֵɱǿֲɱ⡣
Ҳֲ̫ˣ
ǵǿҶٴγֵʱ˲ˣӵ϶ûܳȥǾ͸ûϣˡ
Ҷ֣Ҷۣ֪ˣȥɱһɣԸ⳼
çͷɢѪ죬ԵøǱ
ô
ҶĮؿһۣǸͲĵĳֻǻ֮ưˣ
˵䣬ҶһǰһָһָâֱӶһ˵üģ׽ɱ
ҶģⱨӦģ·֮ϣԶû޵Уǰ·һиǿ˵㣬ҲǱ˵̤ʯѣ
çˣţ˾Ѿˡ
ҲɣѾˣ
ҶƽĮֱӳ֣һɱɢĹȥ
飡
ըѣѪŽѪʮçֱӱҶһĳ࣬
ţҶٴγ֣Ѫʮһ˻ɱսһƬѪģŨҵѪζ
ˣǿչ·콾ѪʮȫԶǿչ·ʧˡ
·һѹǣǵ˵·۵·ϣΪҶ̤ʯ
Ҷһѻ𣬽йո⣬Ѫսĺζ
ǵ㣬»ˮ
ⳡսһֱҹŽǳȥɱ󣬺Ҷ뿪ǰ
ҶСӣֶҸطϢһ°ɣ˳Ե㶫
뿪սǧ֮󣬰Ҷ
ţҲãаµʱ䣬ż
ҶˬĴӦˡ
սȼ꣬Ҳоƣ룬ҪúϢһ²ܼȥ
ܿ죬ǱѰһɽ꣬һСϪɽʣȪˮˣСϪǳ
ȼһ𣬰ǽǸʥĽţʥ޵ʬϳҶƤǡ
οǾԵĴգʮͷǿްȫǵвˡֵӶֵȥˡ
Ѫʮÿ˶һͷǿǲûнǺǱǵ
Щ޵Ѫ̺Ӵ۶ǶҶ˵Ǵ֮Ȼ׻ٵ
ɽ紵ܣһƵ֮ϣ֬ڻУžɽһ˵㡣
ҶСӣôʱȥˣĿյһҲû˲
һ߿һ鿾ĽƵ飬һҶ˵
ٳԵ㣬Ѫ̺̫ӴˣСĳű㣡
ҶɨһڴõİǣȰ˵
İɣ죬þҶߣһ߳һߺ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦռó̳ƣ⣬һɴ˲
峤֮ǰ͸ģ̳ӣǧѰ˱˵ˣһŶ
ݳޣʥⰡһܳϼΣ
ЩȶˣŸ̳Ӹпѡ
ҶҲһЩȼ꣬òһҲõ̫Ӵ
ţʥ޵⸬ǳһҧȥݼ㣬ȵֱӱҶˡ
ͷţıСɽСҶռ仹װôʬ塣
һ٣ҶͰǧ⸬һ価ҶĶðǴƽ
ȻȴʵڳԲˣҪƼˣǾһȼյĻһ㡣
Ա㣬ҶСϪ·һˮ̶ϴ˸裬ϴȥϵѪۣȻһɾ·ſʼĬĬز׽͸ıԴصϡ
ǱҪıԴ޷ĻǾ͵ʧܣûͨ顣
εû͵Ҳ֪һЩ籾Դص۵ĺô
Ҷһʯͷϣ֮ⷽУƬƺΪһ壬ܹܵÿһ˿ɶ
ɽΧһЩǿ߿̽ȴûйԵøء
һ̣Ҷ·Ϊһһ㣬Բǧ֮ڣκη紵ݶ޷ӹĸ֪
УҲͬƵ飬ǲҪԿеޣҲҪߵľߣͬʱҪıԴصۡ
ڶһ磬Ҷ붨ѹŰǼ롣
ţһбЩԭסǲƭģҲûҪ
Խ˼ĵطԽпܻв䱦⼸һɡ
ڣˣ


1741 ԩ·խ
й죬ŨգԶʱ޵˻ٲȻһľ
ۣ
Ҷֳ־ìһͷɵĽɫ򼶤ںɫɽ֮ϣѪ˳ɽɽγһѪɫĳ
ҵģڵҵģ޺Ҳҵġ
໴УȽɫ򼳹͸֮ȻǰצһâɫԴһͷ޺ˣ̹Ӳӡ
ΧһƬǽ壬ܶطɫĶҺʴÿӿݣɽ붼ˡ
Ҷսԣ֮УŰǽɫ޺˺ڵȫڳһӣìصУɫҲսռС
Ѿնɱĵʮͷǿˡ
һ·Ͱնɱ۵ޣѪȾۣ޺˺ڵҲŪ˲١
Խ룬ޱԽǿͷѾڵʵˣ츳ҺǳԵҶҲķһֽŲŽ֮
ͷɫػһҩѾﵽ߰꣬ҩȫˣûκǰǾҪȥˡ
ժ˽ҶŰǼ롣
һСֹаˣĹɣӦһͷǿˣôûһ㶯أ
ɽţûκ޵˻ݳûУļ¡
Īǰʲôǿɣ
ҶҲʼСɢȥɨǰǧ֮ڵĶ
ո̽ҶͲǰԶмһ߷ɧһȥ
ǿȫԱܹ˵ĸ֪׽ǵ̸ݡ
з̫ԵˣȻҪ̱
ꡭС㣬һĻ˭Ҳˡ
˵˵ôˣﶼˣǷɧд
ż⣬ܲһƣϧ˱Եˣ
ԽԽޣƾʲôżֲǼҵģȻ峡κ˿һһżȻһõ
û취˭˼иĸأ
߰ɣ߰ɣҪ֪ǻû뿪Ļ»Ǽ۵һֱӱɱˡҿɻûأ
˵ҲǣǲЩǾ֤ĻᣬֻҪܹͻ߾Ϊһʥ֪ˡ
˱˵ߣܿ뿪ƬȻ̸۵ľһЩ·ˣҶҲû
ż⡭
Ҷ°һȥԵ
зӵҶȴƫƫ£ҲὫ׷Ϥնɱˡ
Ƭһơɸߵľ޷壬ɽһż𣬺ȻһڹŶ
ɽǰɫĹǷۻ˺ܺΪһƬʵأǶеżȴˡ
ߴɽǰһ»зĿվӣÿ˶ɢһǿϢ
үżʲôʱѾڴ˵ˣܲʼȥɣһӳʵ
ɣż⣬־ڱصãֻҪܵõż⣬һиֵõġлʼŵĹâ
ŶˣǸҶôȺǻû㱨
лüԵһʵ
֪ûнӵκϢģҶСӱɣǼʿǵֵܣʵǳǿôɱһֵ˵
ûҲǻûҵҶģϾƬ̫ˣҪ˺嫵Ѱһضˣڴ룡
һ˵үģֻҪѰϣǵʵɱ
λ˵ûˣǵ֮⣬ҪɱһѪʮɱѾˣֻǵ˻֪ѣİɣźܿͻϢˡ
˱ɣһһѲΧκ˿ż֮֡
лҲǴӸ֪ƬһɽɽһŹⶴеż⣬һõԼһֲ鱦κνʥܹ۱ɲġ
ˣż⻹ܴʿ̥ǵĹЧ
䣬ܲģ
ֱӴԼĸ峡ˣκ˿ĵĵȴżĳ
żǳֲѰʿܽӽȻᱻżֽ⡣
ΨڼʱŻҲֻһɲǵʱ䣬żܹ˵õ
лڴˣ˵ôأ˲ɣ
лߵһһ׽һȻת˫̲Ҳҵ̹⡣
ôĿ
ҶɫƽĴľӳ֮߳ţһİǡ
˿̵İѲǰۣһ˫̹⣬˸˸ӡ
㣿㡭㾹Ȼû
һ˳ԾĿҶһĲš
ǶûΪʲô
ҶŶȥÿһ£¶ḡֳһƬģ硣
Ҳٿʧ
лĿҶĮطԸ
ˣ
Ӷһۣһ˿â
ɱţɣ
һһֲĵ̵ЦһҶȥ
ϰ̣˷ʱ䣬ֱӽ£ܹ꣬ǿ֮·Ȼй˵似ЩɶүҪģ
һЦ򵶰˵
Ǳģ
һЦҶָСӣүү·
룡
ҶͻȻ٣ͻ˿ռƣֱӳܵǰɫİƺݺݳŵϣֱӽմѪģ˳ȥ
㡭
ŭѪӿ˵˲临ԭ˫ֱһȭҶңңȥ
꣡
ҵȭâһһ̴գҶȥֲϢƵ
ɱ
Ҷһȣ깲õѪڣ긡
ţҶӶɫȭͷſ񱩵֮ݺ򵶰ȭâӭȥ
䣡
Ƭˣֲ磬һɻϢȭâײĵطΧ֮ڵֲ⵽˲ȫʳ˷ɻңɽױˡ
·ɣ
ҶĮڵӡʥģɱ۵ĵ۱һӽˡ
Ѫ֣
ҽһƬӶݣתѵľۺһһƿֲɱƳ⡣
һϣСеаţ
Ҷһ룬õе˿־壬Ҳ˲ʲôˣС
һϣ似ҪҲ޷ҵõż⣡
зü˷Ը




1742 Ѽ
䣡
зӷˣȻҵ׷׳֣ʩչԼǿ似̵ʱҶ
ɱ
ҶѪڣɫ֮һСһ㣬ÿһȭ̺ſµ˵Χ³۳ݺᡣ
ȭǾȭֲޱߣǴʩչÿһȭգɵ
Ӷ۷ʵ֣ʵ
˷·һͬһ㣬ͨƵҶòȫӦڲ֮ܶ£ֻһȼԼ꣬ս
ƬϿգâ죬ݺᣬâѿգǹ細ֽһ㣬ϵıһֲĿռѷ졣
ĵ֮ˣȻǿᣬȴûҶֲսǾȥĻǱɡ
սУҶֳѪɫľìִȭɱɢ֣ƴ۷ǿߡ
ƽ£
ҶһȣԾìʩչ߱ǹеʽһì̳ԾӲǽһ˱ˡ

ֻӳһɫľ޴ƴݺݵڵϣֱӽĵѪ
֮ǰҶԾʱѾĵԺҺҶ潻֡
Ҷ֪˿̱Ҫսپֶնɱһˣܸ֮ƣֶ֮
Ϊһзûг֣һҲȻԼɸѹ
˶۷ʵзӿ»ǸǿһߣȻδѾͻƵ߾ҲǾС
ͳͳǷĸ˾Ȼôʱûһڵϣʲôã
һʱȥˣ˵֮⣬ҲⴴЩҶȴʼûܽҶܻ߻ɱзƿڴŭѡ
үеаţ̫ǿˣʥ
һһߺҶԺһ߽˵
ýɱҪ˷ʱˣ
зӾԳ֣Լʿ콫Ҷˡ
ˣ
згһڲĶֻȭͷ󣬵ȴɢſֲϢֱӽսҶȥ
ţ
ҶëȻһʱܵ˾޴вǺڲĶܹɾ޴в
䣡
˲ҪĸԺһȭƵҶòȫֵ޷Ų벽ֻĿǺںĶɵԼǰ
䣡
ըϢڣƬռۻȫˣһлعԭ㣬عڻ硣
ҶСӡ
Զİ˫ۼ˳ɫôֲıըʥ⣬Ҷξ׶༪ˡ
ǸҵţɱǣĲΪǣ
ΪҶˣۺᣬҧгݵķݡ
ǱүĳǹԹԵظҵĺãҰƤ׹ǷС
зЦ˵
~
˳һղŵĴսǴ˿Ҳǳƣ룬ûսˡ
˲ûϢΧȥҪܻ׸зӡ
ץסң´ټʱǵڣ
ǿڵϿ̻һƣ׼գ˵
úǰӱʮ겻׼ȶһɱ٣ΪҶ֣
ʱ򣬻ϢɢȥϢҲʧˣƬ룬һɫĻʹھڿУǸղֲֿĻ֮Ҳûκⶥʹڷֺ
ˣ
ѿҶһ˿̵ڣڣǱȴûбը
ҶСӣˣ
Ҷûǵ˲̲סˣһ䣬չ׷ǲһͻ˵ķ嵽Ҷߡ
Сӣ±ҪһȻҲǲˡǼ˵
Ҳ᲻أһкܶûأһҶůůġ
׻˵Ѽ飬֮䣬ȻȻĺԼվһ֤ðǵֵûġ
Ҷģˣ󣡡
з˫̰ĹâЦ˵
ҲǸʶ֮ˣһ۱㿴ǶɫĻʹһȱĵ۱и𺳡
˵֮⣬һ˸ûʸӵе۱䣬ܹҲôλû˵λҶ
˵Ҷǵˣȴӵһȱĵ۱̫ˣ
ǽҶɱĻô۱ˣɱż
һʱ䣬̰㣡
ȫһҪ似ҪˣֻҪǶɫĻʹھУ
лһֱ֣ȼԼս˲˫âҶȥ
ҲҶе۱컯һڵСʿѣȻӵвȱĵ۱̫˼ˡ
飡
Ҷǰڹһĺɫǰסзӵ⡣
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ҲǿѪһڣɫұ䣬ֵʵ̫ǿˡ
ʱɽµĹŶͻȻһż⣬㽫ҶֽˣǸëȻȫתֲż⡣
һ֣ŹŶȥŹŶгſ񱩵κ˽붼ᱻżֽ⣬һؿݹǣҵõżܹ֮ǻʹһҵģ
з˼ʿһͬҶŹŶбȥͼż⽫Ҷɱ
նȣ
ҶͰǱ˱ƵһŹŶƴҲ޷ǻˡ
ȫȼʵսѾƴͨ߾ǿˣҶȼҲС
ҪʱƵƵȼ꣬ıԴܵ˼ģܷӳȫǱˡ
ˣ
ŹŶмˣһżҶͰɱʹİǹ
ڣŹŶһǿҶͰ˲˹Ŷ֮Уʧˡ
ǾڴţżǽɫĻʹڣү־ڱصã
зӳһȼյ˹¼Ȫ磬˲临ԭˡ
Ҳͳһ鼫ƷʯĬĬָ֮ǰսĵ
ŹŶвڰѤһż˸߲ʵĹâ
Ȼ
ѤĹâȴɱֲżһֵڹҶͰǵ
ǵҺϴ̷ǳֻУܹ֣û̱żֽˡ
гܣԪż໥Ӱ죬һ˲ɻҡ
ҶͰǵסˣҺϴޱȣżҲѷֽ⡣
һ̫ŶѨҲ֪ˣԪżһơһ޾
ҶͰżֽ֮ࡣ
ǲ룬ȴɼŹŶƺһصĳܣǣ롣
ǼˣŶоʲôôñɼأ
ǲҽһ߹һ˵ˣɣ
ᣬ˭һҪȥзӺʿȫնɱ
ҶҧǿŹιǵľʹ˵
ܿ죬Ǳ뵽ŹŶȻڹŶżľͷм٣֦Ҷϡ裬ÿһƬ͸˸ʥۡ




1743 һ컯

ҶͰֱӴסˡ
ôҲû뵽˻ϢŹŶȻֲ档
ǼˣطȻֲܹ
һ߹һǹٿ
Щ˸ʥ⣬ÿһâпֲʥڰϣҪ߽ˣ嶼ڳ鴤
ף㣬ֹپȻˡ
˷ܵĴУֿһҧһöӨ׵Ĺӣֱȥ
ءˣ
ϴż⣬ҪױˣϲѺۣȴûѪɢżĹâ
ǡʥ
ҶԾû뵽ֻڴ˵гֵʥȻˡ
ʥһֻڴ˵еʥ˵ǳµĻô࣬ڲҩȴ˵ʲôЧֻзù˲֪
Ȼ
֮ǰҶδ˵˭ҷùʥΪγʵ̵̫ģܳ֡
û뵽ŹŶоȻʥҶǿǵľʹҲժһöҧȥ
ʥڼһĸУҶȻըÿһǣÿһξѪ϶ʥž졣
Ҷϰʹ࣬Ծ۵ʶģˡ
Һ̥ǣ述ʥȻ˿̻Ǳ鿪żĿֲ
ҶСӣû°ɣǧ˵˭ҲҪǼСأ
Ҷͨϵĸ˵һҪȥ
żǲͬκһĴֱĴųϣ޿ɷ
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ûһεĻҪͱҪȵͻƵʱٵˡ
Ȼ
һȴеõ컯żǿȸһ¥ȻδͻƵأ֮ǰȣȻʵ
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ҪżϴĹȴǼʹģҲֻŲ̆һʧԼ
֪˶ãҶоԼůģҲûǵľʹвй;ѪȫżΪһ塣
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Ƭ̼䣬Ҷվ˰ǰÿһ˿˸žӨĹ󣬱ʥ⡣
̫ǿˣԪɹ⣬δǰһֱԴ
ʹ˷ܵĴš
ȻûҶֲҲõĪĺôֹʵԸıʣڶһż⡣
أ
ǿЦһͷѳǧһ㣬˫̹⣬ǰ鳾Ȼ͸һԵ治֪ӦʹǻǸлǣ
ҶҲͬУҲһż⣬žż⡣
ʱŹŶһִż籡ҶͰ׵壬ʱûż֮С
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ͬʱҶҲһ֮ĸһһľ֮С
̺֮ĸѰżѾܶǹκвˣż档
ЩһöʥҶͰ˵Կ˵Ǵա
ֻϧʥκζţժҪ̷ʳͻữɴż⣬ɢڿС
֮ĸҶڹŶ֮УĬĬڵż⣬ȡżԼѪ֮С
ҲĬĬżģҲһ籾Դصۡ
Ҷһ붨ʱ䡣
֮۾˫ǳڻ𣬷·ڿһһ㡣
Ͽֶ˼صۣһ˿Ѿõ˽ӽʮصۡ
ߣǻȥ
Ҷƽ˵
Ȼʱ䣬Ҷȴһ̥ǵı仯ʵǿˣʵﵽڵļ£ʱпٴͻƣڡ
ԿԸ񣬼Էһǵĳ֮Ҳһ·ۣ
ǽˣô־һμĴӰ쵽֤γħ
ãȺ쵰ôҲ벻żѾǵõˣ
˷ֱܵС
̺֮ĸͨż޷κвҲʧˣҶʣµöʥժͰǷʳˡ
һε֮ѪѾ̺ż⣬һû˵һεЧԾɴһ
ñ֪ҶͰʥˮԵĻƾʥҲѪ˶Ҳ̫ܼˡ

ŹŶ⣬зԾĬĬڶڲԶֻƤûɵ֪ô¡
ڲǰӦŹŶƺһż⼴ȻȴûгŶ
ûеõż֮ǰĸҲóȻŹŶУҲֻĵĵȴ
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ģżĪûֹż⡣
ңһõż⣬֮޾ʥɳŹŶҶĲƵ۱ȡΪС
֣żӦó˰ôûг
лӿһֲԤУ૵
ѵҶûõż⣿лҡҡͷܣѾ
˵ţŹŶͻȻһ¡·ŶҪ̮һ㣬ôضڲ
䣡
ͻȻһֲ촫һƬŹⱩŹŶ𣬽ɽ麣ХĿγӿ
Ҷ°ǣ̤貵Ĺ⣬żķսһ˳ݡ
ʲô
Ȼû
õż⣿
ĿɿڴŻżҶͰǣһɺӿ

Ҷûκηϻ߶ǣٳ嵽ǰоì֮ż⣬һìüĶֱӽС
ãõż⣬ǲǶ֣쳷
ʣһıֵԶȥ
Ҷû׷ǣֱӳзǰ˫ĮĿ˵ɣô
㲻ɱңҸǳɱҲɣ
л׵ˣżⶼûɱҶҶõĪ컯⻹ô
ž
ҶһƳڅлӢϣֱӽɳȥ֮壬ϵĳ鴤˴Ϻ
㲻һֱҪɱ𣿹ƵĶӳ㣡
Ҷ׷ȥֽӸҪǮƵģ˼£㽫Դ鱬ˡ
ҶģҪţֻҪҲһǾ֮أ
֪ãзӷӲԹĿҶ˵
Ӳвңھͱ㣡
ҶЦһ䵽ⲽˣȻвɼƽʱжôš




1744 ͹Զ㣡
꣡
Ҷ˫żһֱǰзȥ
ǱżУзӾʮҲɣҾôͱܲ
Ȼ
ż⼴зʵʱüͻȻɳһöϵһ
ͻȻըѪһҶƿأԶ
Ҷģҵţ
зɫҰףԱǳķѱԴҲ˼Ρ
һ˷ĸ׸ıȥˣɡ
ҶϣᵽϢٲߵĻҶֱӻɱɾ̫ԩˡ
Ҷһ첻ߵļһͲʲôĺ̨ͱңֱɱ֮
Ķ֣ˣսʿѾȥһˣʣѾߣʱߣʱ
ߵ𣿡
ҶûзʣѾˣԼڷҲԲмԼ䱾ıԼκ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲһһ˲зǰԶɫ䣬һƨڵϡ
飡
ʱ
ղߵɱ˻зӵһһż´飬ոճͱżֽˣΪ˳ܣɢؼ䡣
үߣ뿪
һʿԱ̥꣬ͼҶƬ̣Ϊзȡʱ䡣
ò˵ɹˣ
һ۷ǿߣԱ̥꣬ҶҲҪʱ˱ܣܸзߡ

ʱзӴӿ³һöҧھѪâʢ棬һ˲˲񷣬뿪
ٺ١
ʣʿҶɭɭЦүѾ뿪ƬǷŹȥҵĻһΪүǰ飬ʹ㣬ѣ
Խ𣿡
ҶƽĿҷŹ㣬зҲŹҵģԣûҪŹ㣡
˵䣬Ҷֱӳ֣һָһż˲䶴ʿüģʿĨɱˡ
һ־ɱżǳǿûܵסʵԶҶӵĳرпܲżĨɱꡣ
նɱһʿ֮ҶûٶͣǴŰǼ룬ҪƬľʲô
սϵľɱ¾ľܵһ˿Ӱ죬˲ܱԼɱƣͻһֻ֪ɱ¾ħͷˡ
һ죬ûնɱκޣһЩǿƣҲܱܣʵڱܲðǳ֡
ƬԪŨֲǳïʢɽˮƲԹ
ҶȻɽˮ֮䣬ȻĺгϴԼΪɱ¾µıϢ
Ȼ֮徲Ϊ˳Ȼ
Ҷ籾ԴصۣȻȴϧҪߵĵ·ûûлͷ˳Ȼ¶Ҫȡ
ƽ͵·ȴ֪һ־Ȼֵ֮ý̫֮ˡ
ΪҲΪ߳Լ·ĲȻ֮պ뿪Ƭ
˿̣Ѿ뵽ΧһҲûУЩǿ֮֮⣬ûԸ⵽ȥðա
ҶͰĸ籾Դص۵ʱзˡ
ѪʮεǿȻȴʧˣû֪Ǿʲô
⣬зӵ׷ҲʧˣȻ󲨣ܶ˶ڲ²⣬ǾʲôΣա
˭Ҳ֪ѾҶУû뵽һ㡣
˶֪ǺҶһڽ֮ǰѾֳˡ
УŮԼ粻֮࣬˵£һߣۼԼߣ׼ҶĻ
֪ǵô£ǺҶʼû档
ۿʱҪˣȴԾûѰҶټֻգ
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ˣҵУãܣ
Ůҧгݵ˵
ҶڽǵʱĿ֮»ɱչ棬뽫Ҷɱ
ʱۣˮҴңһʱת˲

ʮգһ쳹ʱ䵽ˣ߶Ҫ˳˵أȻӡڴˡ
Ҷս£һľĺϴȥһѪۣһɾ£Űڴȥ
ʱ񶼴ﵽһ˵ĵزѪʶɹ⣬̥ת
ڴӰ㿣Ըǿ߻ˣȣ߳
ȻˣҲһЩԶҲˣУôпʵ
񶦹ˣȻţΪһ˽ܣ
˼λطǿߣǾһϴ϶һ˵ϡ
Ψħ𣡡
һħڣŷħ˳ɢһǿߵϢΧĿΪĳֶñ
ţԸǿ߷׷߳ÿ˶ǳǿ󣬺ͽ֮ǰȣÿ˶·һЩʲô仯ȴ˭Ҳ˵Ϊÿ˵ı仯ͬ
Ҷٶȷǳ죬ڴԽռ䣬һһÿһ£¶һƬģ·
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뵽򣬼ٶ㹻Ծ˵ĺ档
ԶԶأҶɵŻŻͣʮߣΪ׵Ůӡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ڿرˣһرյĻпܻᱻԶӡǾȻԼ
ʵŮӵģѡ
˼ۺ죬ŮڿҶһ̣˲ͺˣһԲֱҶ֣
ˣ
ֻܷܷһĥľ޴ḥ̂ҪҶĥ
СƤ㻹겻ɢȻҲϳǰŮӣֽһ˵
飡
ҶӶɫĴ֣ʩչɱɢֱ֣ӻûһ޴ĺɫƣݺĥϣֱӽĥʯˣ
ڲɱˣ㲻͹Զ㣡
Ҷü˵
Ѿеȥ֪ĶӣǸзôԸԼأɲ˿ʵ
ЦɱҶģɱҪɱ㣬ΪҵС𱨳𣡡
ŮɫһƵƵ֣һƬɱ⣬ݲеĲӡ
˵ôʲôֱɱˣЦ˵
ûսپǻҪȥأԾԾԣ뽫Ҷɱ
ǲ֪Ҷжǿڿ֮̾ãҶ϶ǽ֮˸ȫĵطֱڲ




1745 Ͳ
ұ˫մȾѪ
Ҷһ̧̾ͷͦñֱһɷɢ
˵ʲô˫մȾѪѵ뽫ȫɱ𣿡
һ߿Ц˵
ҿɵ˰ɣ
Ц˵
֪Ҳֻ߲ѪڴˣһĿ˵
һ۷ǿߣ磬ͷϴһɫķʨǺڣһ˫ӥۣһǸǵǿߡ
ڴˣÿ˶ǳǿ󣬻һ𣬼߾ڵǿҲҪɵ
ûôʱĥߴҳȫǣ
ҶйâһѪɫľìУ۳ììֱָˣȳɱ⣡
Ҫҵʱ䣡
Ŀ˴߳йâһһıһˮɢĺ⡣
ȥ
Ŀûжκ似߶ʮɵâݺݵҶüȥ
~
Ҷһָһɫָͷײڵϣ
꣡
ıҶһָùˣһһط
У
˵һǿ֪Ŀ˵ıǺεȵķȻҶһָˣжǿ

Ŀ˴һûüߣͿһɫȭͷпٷŴ󣬶ʲôҲ֪ˣ
ΪѾˣҶӶɫȭͷſ񱩵֮һȭͷ­񱩵֮˲佫ĥˡ
⣡
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Ȼ
Ҷȭ¾Ȼһжûͱɱˣֱţ
ЩԭڳЦҶ֪̱ͣÿжֳ˿־Ĺâ
һԳȵǿߣԲЩӼǿ٣򲻿ս
һȺ鳣
ĿʣһۣҶ˵ҶСӣҿߣñЩСˣҪǵʱ䣡
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㣡
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һֽУſ³һɫС˲ŴһӰԼͷâʵʵ档
Ҳʩչʲôͨûκֱչ׷ǲ˹ȥѪſһӽ˵Ľҧסˡ
꣡

һŲҽڴ˵ĽֱӱǸҧˣ۵ҽвѡ
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ӣȻҳˣǾͶɣ
Ҷһһ׷ȥŸֵâȼһ㡣

ŵðƴڴȥͷң
ˣѾȻȴΪɱҶ
ڴͳɫվŻһ·зӡ
˿̣з˫Ŀ𣬺޲̽ҶɱˣԱ֮ǰ֮
ȻҶѾûˣҶ޵еѾĵ
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˿̣ҶѾϣ
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ոճԶһżӺ׷˳ֱӶĺס

ʿǰӶȻ̣˫۽ҡ£ͨһԵڵϣڷ
ͳ
龰ԭԶŮٴξֵĴ
Ҷҵ˵ɱ䣬û뵽ġ
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һǸֵâ̤ҶٴڴçϢǧ
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ǱҶ׵ĽŮնɱоԼ𣬶ʱŭ֡
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ʱҶһЦѰȥȻзӾվͳĲԶһԹĿ
һ˲䣬ˡ
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˿̵Ҷ˲ƽĴ˭ֿΪðŵķգ
ˣƻǹĿͽ£
ͳ첻мԳ֣еľʿҶ£Ⱥ䡣

ҶЦһѾΪһ֮ԣûκιƽԣĳǹ棬Ҫã




1746 ֮·Ҳգ
󵨣Υǹ棬ͱҪܳͷ㾹Ҿܲɱۣ
ڳſںҶͻľʿЦһȻ˵
ѾΪ˵צûʸ˵ʲôǹ档
Ҷ˵ţֱѡ֣ºڶʿսһ
ɱɢ֡ɽӴӡ깲ر
Ҷɱ۵ĸɱʥչɱЩʿǴֲһҡ
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Ҷо˴õĺɫǶʵһŶܲƬɵģĻļͬĲʡ
ĿǰΪֹѾӵŶܲƬȴ޷ƴֻʱȴԺǷлԵܹйŶܲƬռȫֹŶܵ
һʱȥˣҶѪʢݽߣʮʿȻ޷£żƵæң㱻ɱ
Ҷôǿ󣿡
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ʶһ֮˶¶ݣȫЩš
۶¶ɫһ̣˭ܿһƾͬǿߣ
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ֱǸ漣
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ס֣
Ҷսݵʱһϵ͸˹ţһ󲨶һĿ࣬ͷڵӳǿ֮¡

ʮʿͬʱ֣ͣ˹񣬹վһԣҲҴ
ǲ֪ǳΰӾȻһǵĳɵͷһ
һǿߣԸеĶҲҷ
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˷׷ΨҶûж˫۾ĿտȻûа
Ϊʲô´򶷣
ɨһͳ죬ĿҶϡ
߲سǹ棬ɱ䣬ɱߣҪܻ񣬽䣬ȴԼʵǿ󣬹ȻܲԲš
ͳҪĽľһ顣
ΪΥǹ棬浱ǰ費ɣ
Ҷ˵
ˣڴ½ңҪأҲòҶ˵⣬һ̳Ըܸ󣡡
˵ɣ˵
ʣһһҵĳǳ𣿡
ʲô˼
ܼ򵥣Ķˣǲ׷ɱң֮ǹ潫һɱ㲻֪ҲӦи̲֮ܽɣ
Ҷһһɹϵ֪ĻԻǰָ˵
ɹǣ
Ҷһۣʵ
ɹǡҶûüڣǱ˵
ѹ˿ȻΥ˳ǹ棬Ӧýܳͷһͬʣɹǵ˵ĻԻǽͣһġ
ǿ˵⹫ȻףԼʵȻܲûԩ𣬽ƾһ㣬Ҿܽ㴦
ЩҪɱңҲѣҲ˵ʱԲȡѵҲȡҪķҲΥǹ治ɣ
Ҷһ֪ԼŬ
޶֤˵ƺ͹ģʲô֤ݣû֤ݵĻô֤㲻ɱħ˵
ɣȵãˣ£
һȻƺҶֻΪǹѣûκ˽
ֻҶ֪Լһ뵽УĥԾԲԴУ֪ҲҪһ
ǱΪ飬һѾûйƽԣ֮·Ҳգ
Ҷ𷴿ʢѪ˲񷣬һɱɢֽľʿķɳȥ
ƽҪʵģûʵûйƽ
һЦ̽գָƼƺ̺һһ㣬ǳһӽҶסˡ
꣡
ָһһȦȦɫĹȦҶͰϣ˲佫ǽöá
Ƚǹ֮Уá
˵꣬˫˺գһһ˲ʧԭء
ˣҶǳˣѺУûܻų
˭ʶʱأҶײⲻҲʹ𣿡
ǿյһֲѺⱲӱٳˣͻƵ׼ۣ˵ЦأУԪϡ׼ۼĴѹƣͻơ
ҶѺֲ֮У̲סһЩ֪ʿҶеϧ
һѪʮﶼնɱӼǿߣˣҲûκλᡣ
ܹ̤ǿ֮·ˣһҲɵӣǺҶΪԼĶӱ
Ҷ˵һǣûκιƽԣѾ˳ˡ
Ȼ
Ҳֻ˽һ¶ѣǿĳûκǶ֣ҪΪҶƽҲûʵ
ǿչ·̫ˣѾ಻ˣҪϴƲУ
Уٴ̤ϼ̨򣬻صһǣȻҶҲ˻
һǲԶһŻĹϣܲŸַӡȻ
صһ֮Ҷ㱻Ѻ͵֮йѺӳ
УлŶ̫ʦü˼ĸף˵ףԥʲô̴Ҷϣǻܴϵõ似żͲƵĵ۱ѵ㻹Ҫɣ
㲻֪⣬Ҳ֪ϴŵ۱ӲĻпƣʲôҲòʱɹǵǿ׷ΪҲǽ͡
˵
ף¾ô˲ɣҶѾΪҵħҵΪ޷һѵĿҵΪʹͣͲǰ𣿡лĵ˵
ȱżΪһȫİ취ģΪôһӣȻ᲻Ϊġһ˿Ĺâ
ףҵи취ȿԳҶϣɹǵ޻˵лâԼĸ˵
ʲô취˵
ĿԼĶӣѯʵ
ܼ򵥡
л˵ǿԽͽеĽ˵Լȥģ¼¼ʱɹϵǿҲ޻˵ǣԲѴ֮õ۱




1747 
һƬѪĲãأ׳˻𣬶Ǻ֣Ѿ
һͷնһƬһڵͶһƬӰա
ԶһͷһȺɽ飬ľϸ죬ɽһɾ𣬺սһ
ȻƬ̱㱻˺ƬʳˣѪ˸âڵݴγһѪأųɷ
һǵӣԪҲԶûеһŨ֪Щǿôɳ㾳صġ
ǸҶ󣬻ΧѲţͬʱɢѪѹΧޡ
޵ȼѪѹǳԣʵ̫󣬷һ޾ԲҹӵѪޡ
ǱؽѾˣУ˼գǿ͵ϮʮΡ
ÿζҶǿƻ˻ɱˣҲЩѾǵʶһһǲôǵģԶԶܿǡ
һѪ֮أɱ֮ÿʱÿ̶ǿʳĴַ
µĴɫģ·ѪݹһÿһضŨҵɷ
ǷʲôģȻǹؽʺĵطֱ̫ɶˣ
һһ﷢ɧ
Щ쵰ҪɱǣѵǾϴɾ¾ɣ
ʲôһǣƨһѾӵһҵˣĶ˵ȥ
ǿչ·Ͼûһ㹫ƽִߺڣÿһضĵطǿ֮·ûҪˡ
һɱ˼۵ļһ𣿳ףȽҶѺ֮У󣬲ϵੲݡ
˵ɣǼȻҽǹؽ֮У˵Ѿ޼ɵˣʡɣ
Ҷü˵һ䣬ʱðǲ֨ˡ
ʵҲףһǵĳȻ˵Ͳʲôƽ
ҶûзУһ˫Ƭɮһ㣬κʱ򶼲
תѰƬѰʯϣܹõԴ
еԴȻݽߣȻôǿĺޣǾһܹ֧Դ
ͬʱҲĬĬıԴصۡ
֪ȴԼʲôǳϻЩ˽ݰԼĶӣôǰֹۡ
Ҳģ˺ƤĻʹ߶ȫڴȥһǵĳҲе۱
Ȼĵƣ򲻵ѣԲãһдȥĻǾ͵ǳ׺һǾˣԺĵ·Բ
ԭܼ򵥣ǿչ·ÿһصĳ֮ϵǺһǵĳѣôڶҲԲõʲôƽġ
䣡
ҶֳѪɫľìһì̳һɽ̴һ󶴣תѰеĵû뵽
Ƭ֮Ҷ˳жһͷƷʯɢɫĹâ̱ʯҫۡ
ﰥƷʯñһ£
˫۷̣һ˫ĶҶеƷʯ
ٴ⣡
Ҷǲ֪ҪﱻãЩƷʯԺĶھԲܸ㡣
˵ģôûƷҲҪֻ뿴ѡǲĵ˵ţ̲סһ¿ˮһӰҶˡ
һܺ
ҶһɽۣĬĬظ籾Դ򣬴һرķ
֮
ʱ֮ռ֮֮Ȼ֮
෨ţ㴫У벻֮ڡ
һִջû뵽ԪɺԵ֮УȻ̺һ籾Դ
屾רŴﵽ£һ򷨣ڵõֱԴ֮սٴ˴ȵ
طѹƵҲǳֻصĸо֮ƶ񤣬شѹ֮ǿһ޶
ڰ죡
ķӡһ󲨶â˷ӡٵ֮УoɣɢſֲϢ
Ҷ΢΢һЦվǼӰȥ
ҶǴȥʣ߰ɣ
һĸǰȡһҪҶϡ
ȻȥΪλҪϣҶ۾ɲٱϼˡ
ɲ㡣
ĸѡ񲻴ͼŰɣ㻹Ǵ֮ҪȻôϼ
ҶСӣô죿Ҷѯʡ
ãҴ
Ҷһҧϼȥ˳㡣
Ͷˣ
ĸꡱһҶϣʱһȴʮء
꣡
һߣҲ˼һӳĸڼϣҶͰԶȥ
ʮļͨʿѹ÷ɲˣҶͰǿʮļҲûиǴ̫鷳
ʵ̫ˣ·һһ㣬˷ʱҲûзɳķΧ
أҶоЩԾˣΧ˺ܶ˻һƬ
;˲޵ĺǣеѾ˹ǷۣеԾɾӨ͸ˮԵĹԡ
ǲҪȥΪλû߳
Ҷͣ˫۾Ŀųĸʵ
Ϊôó֮Ա֮ΪΪ׳ȥѣǱҪƹӡǿҵĵطѰҷӡĵطܳȥҲ⣡
ĸͷĽһ䣬ҶͰǰȥ
˽һʱĸͣ˫ֻһ⣬֮йһŻ
â˸УŻȶ洫Ũҵɷ·д֮һ㡣
ԣﲻǳȥ·
ҶĲ쳣Żı϶ʲôƵء
ûŻǳȥŻȥɣĸ˵
ȴ·ɣ
Ҷ䲻⣬һץסĸߵһʿɫһֱӽͶ˹֮С
Ҫ
ʿʧ룬ҽʧ˹֮У
ҽȥɣ
ĸɫ䣬˲һӡݺҶͰɨȥ
ʥ
Ҷæлӳһƣݺӡȥ֪֮Ȼһ֮أԽȥ϶׶༪١
һóԼȫһƽɫĴӡˣԼͰҲӡâɨ˹֮У޷תˡ
ôǿջҪڽ֮Уٺ١
ĸЦһԼǷӡ


1748 µ
֮ʱ䷨޷תֻǰУ
ҶͰʱͿռ䷨ͨӭųɷɼǰС
ˣǵĶˡ
쳣ţųɷУܵ˾޴Σա
һֻϢʵɲ⣬޷ﵽʲôˣعҲ߾֮ϡ
Ҷɫأ˫Ĺâ
ԣҪأûǻ߳
һǣڰˣƶ֮ǿչ·ûһƵأǿʳΨǿʵΪԼùƽĴֻܱĨɱԩĵطûС
Щµ̶˵ǿ϶ǵһˣһǣôϴˡ
ǿչ·ʿǿչ·ʿҲ̤ǿ֮·
һǵĳĿŵȺǰʿѵ˻᲻֪
ǿչ·ϵִ߸ûо֮Σ˵һǸûνִߣִһˡ
ҶСӣҸо˲ǰо޴Σգô죿
еˣղűҶӽʿѲӰȴһѪζ˳ͨƮ˽
ԣǸùѾˣǰȻд֮ڣҪɱڣ˳ᱦ
䣡
Ҷŵ˵
Ҳ˿ӣţǽǿԤģȻᱻǰﵱһ͸̻ˡ


һ۵ĳϽ̫ʦϣ˫ƣɢλߵϡ
ǰԶԱӡҶɨ֮еĸ˵ʲô
ҶѾҴ˽֮У˿̿Ѿ˺˵˰ɣ
ĸڿտĴл죬ԵЩѹ֡
ţĲõ۱֮󣬱Ȼͣ
ϸֳһЦݣͷ˵
²ңܹ̳Ѿµˣ򲻸󡣡
ĸӪⷬ˵óĻŭţ˵ͣ͡˹Ӧͣõ۱һ
ϲϲõ۱
ĸĵ˵˵۱Ϊܸһ¥׼ۣ֤֮أ
ˣˣǲʲô֤ˣҶܹ֤Ҿˣ˵۱һܹɨǿչ·۷ģ
ˬʵĴЦһ־ӡ
ĶӣзлȷʲټһǣյԴԶһСŻ߼ɱȵģܹɹʥػϴ
лԳľõĹ似ĵر֮á
˵ĸעȫѪϣҲ裬Ŀһеϰԡ
ߣȥأҶСûУ
վлȥ

ŭţƣһ㣬ɭɭ׹ǣʱһŹƮ
ҶͰ߳ͨӳľ־󣬶ʱðӡ
龰죬嶨ӵǿŹǵļ£ҶҲ̫ԶɭȻɷֵһ˵ϡ
ٺٺٺ١
һëȻЦͻأ𣬰ҶͰͬʱһ
³Ͻͷâʵʵı档
û뵽ξȻôѪʳ
ƮʱԶʱԶʱ·ߴʱַ·ڶ
أɢȥֻǰԶһĿ࣬ڣͷɢ֮У˫һ㣬۵â죬һǿ
ء
ǷһԶĳɢߵϣȫѪͼǿͨһ¡
Ȼ
ȴǵһֻǵصצһǧһ㣬˸ںڵƬץ԰ǵĹͨûκλӦ
̫ˣ
ںڵľצʵ壬˺գأֲĻϢ˲佫ҶͰ·
ռ
ҶһоԼƺȫסһ㣬޷ֻĿǳƬľצ
ڴʱҶͻȻϰһɫȫһƬΧ֮ڡ
ЩɫµķģطޱȣһסǾʥǿҲѡ

ĹͷҶ޾Ǳһȣѵͻ˿ռһѾסǵĶƤһ˾ڵռ֮С
䡭
һ죬ռ緢˵Хһ㣬𶯣ȵռ֮УһӽҶͰ˫˫ɳȥ
ۣ
Ҷ͵һѪǾ˵ɱɫò԰ֽ
˿̣ĸ𺳣ռǾڵڲռ䣬ֻҪû£ռԶᱻƣһռһ㡣
ʥ߾Ȼһ֮½ռ֮УǸһ罫Ǵˣʵʵֲ̫ˡ
Ǻɳȥʮֽ֮ǰ˽һŻͷһҡҡλҶȥ
˿̣ҶԭĵطɫľھڿУ͵ĹâȻַ
䣡
ʱ򣬽ȻӿһǿϢǱطסʥ߲¡
ţ
ʥ߹˲ڰеľڣ˫ۼâǿϢֵĵطȥܻ
䣡
ǿϢͬ⣬ʥߵײһ𣬷죬ƬΪ֮𶯡
ӵģͷҳȥǵһУԹԣϷʲôӢۣ
ʥ߻Ѫڣ˻ߵлĳ
ұ죬ǿչ·ɱ޹ޱɱѹڴһγΪҪͷϡ
ΰӰڲԶʥңңԣ˿·硣
վˣһʽ֮лһǽҶĸ
ʽȡ۱ģǿҶͰǽǱɡ
ΪǵֱͨģֻҪǴͨ߳Ȼʥߡ
ǧ꣬ʥѷ񣬿϶̳֣ǵѪʳˣԲԼܺ
û뵽ǣҶͰǾȻ˵۱ռжһ١
ףǿԽ۱Ը׵ͨĨȥ۱ϵӡӦòѴ֮ȻҶĺͷųԵ󻼡
л˫һ˿Ĺâɨ˾һۣ
Լ׷ȫУȻûƾʵ֤ҶɱģȻ϶Լ׷ߵ϶ҶѲ˸ϵҶȻ뾡콫֮ɱҹζࡣ
ү˵û˿ǧܴˣĸҲ˵
лͬ⣬˫֮ĳѾ޷ƽ⣬ΨнҶ׻ɱ󻼡
οܵõһ۱




1749 ķ
ɱ״ƣ졣
г˱ʥ֮⣬ûκ飬޶ûУȫһƬš
ۣ
һѹŵĳƺţѹʮأܹﵽļսǧ޵֡
۱ǴѾƣҲֵ˴ͷȥᣡ
ӵһ۱ӵλ۵İУȫԿһʥء
ۣ
һŵ֣֤Ļ֤ɹսԱϹ֤Ĵ۸ǿ
ԣһްܣֱֻѹ׼۾ǿߣսڴ۵ɵߡ
ĵ۱Ҳݵʱǿ߶Ĥݡ
Ȼܲʶ۱
ͬҲ֪۾ԲҶ飬Ȼ˿̣žݵĵ۱ȻһҶСʿС
϶Ǿ۵ĴûˣǾԲԼĵ۱֣֮
Ȼ۵ĴѾû䵽һڵСʿܹõǵ۱Ǿûʲôüɵˡ
뵽һǵĳһ˿â΢ɲصͷԼĶлǣвɿȥǣȥȡ۱̳֮ȫشϷǲǣ
Сģ
лȻ竿ǶԼĸ׻Ƿǳĵģиڣһǣû˸Ҳӣһ׳ʲô£ɾҪùˡ
Щûٵˣһǵļ弸˸飬һʧȥ׵ıӣѻ뿪һǡ
ģΪµģ
һǵĳͷһůصлһ£תԼĸ˵ߣǣȥ۱ȡ
ĸͷһȥһǿϢȻ
ռУҶĬĬڴȻռʵռʱٲͬȴܹӦʵռеĶ
Ƥ񣬿ǿȻɳȥʮȴƨûУڵϴ򼸸һµϵĳصҶߡ
ϰףִɱ󣿡
Ҷһ˿ɱ⣬ʵ
뺦˭
һۣһѿӡ
ǣʵ
ҶݵȻˣǾҪǸۣ֪Ҫɱǣǲܵġ
˵ûҲʲģαѰ̻ɱ֪ҲǺǵģ
ҧгݡ
˵ɾ͸ɣóĲϣͶ뵽̻ɱĽŹ֮С
ռʵռʱٲͬгʱȥ̻ɱ󣬵ʱֻҪ̨ˡ
ҶҲûţ˼޺֮ҲͶ뵽˿̻ɱĹ֮С
̻Ȼʲôɱ󣬶ɱҲǳǿ󣬵Ҫ̻Ʒʯϲ޶ȵķӳ
Σʱ̣ҶҲ˲ôˣʱŪƷʯȫóʱռԪŨļҪҺ塣
̻ɱ֮󣬻ʣͷƷʯҶһҧƷʯϿһֽƣƷʯ˽
һ׼ͣһǵĳĸҲ˽ĵش
䣡
ʥ߶˵ֱӷ˹һգһǵĳսһ
λʥǿߴսʱƬˣƬɽ뱻нһӡԷ񱩵գ˲񷡣
ӡĵܲͱˣʥĴսȻֲÿһιʯ쾪
Բǧ֮ڣһжˣΨнɫľھڿУһܿ
ȻûиգȻɢĴѹǱʹȻ˶ͻƵ׼۾磬޷۱ֺ
໺𡭡
ʥս񣬻Žɫķȴ˿ӰսӣУչ츳ͨüļһ⣬һһ糤ɱһǵĳȥ
ţ
һǵĳëȻ˫ֽӡһɫУɱûȥɱ֮Լĸȵȥȡߵ۱
ڴʱ
ɫбˣһ糤ɱųɱͻ˿ռƣͻأĳһǵĳǰ
ȣ
һǵĳ߾ڵǿߣΣңһȣӿһ챾Դסɱһȭʥ߻ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸǿ۱ǰ˫ֽӡһ⣬׼Ƚȡ˵
ͻȻͻȻѿһɫȭͷзŴ󣬶صĻıϡ
飡
ĸֲû˿Ȼڵһʱתסͷ­ȴԾɱñѪǶˣ㽫­Ǵѡ

ĸҽһ׷ɳȥһ·Ѫһ˻ϣͷת
ţҶͰǴռ߳Ҷչ׷ǲһ׷ȥ
ǳûжӵ޵ѪԣʥߵķΧ֮ҲжᱻѹƵ̫
ˢˢˢ
һ̨УٲһǴɱ󣬽һǵĳʥߣҶͳĸȫɱ֮С
飡
Ҷ׷ϳĸһߣȸֳһϵƺݺݽ߷˳ȥ
䣡
ǹϼɱ󣬶ʱɱ纣أһɱᴩء
ˣ
ĸҶһߵʥ߲ԶûȻعһɱٴײϣһӽһ鱦촷ۡ
໡
ʥһû壬ͷʨųɫƬһţֱӽĸ˿УԸԵĽˡ
ҡ
ĸ壬һһģһСˣȥ
䣡
һѪɫһӽɢˣӴ˳ɢ
ܣڱɱܵ𣿡
˷ܵ໴ţҶγ
ȱһǴɱ󲻿ܽλ߾ڵʥȫɵֻʱסѡ
Ҷɱݺ۳ңһص㰲һǴɱغһ𣬷ӳ˿ֲ
Ϊ֮άɱת׽ɱ󼤻ˡ
䣡
ɱʧɫƱ任ոֳ޾磬һǵĳʥȫ·ɱƬҡ
һɱͬһɱݺᣬɱ֮شǿն顣
ȱĴɱҲܹն߾ǿߣ߾ǿߣɱҲǾٲά裬ͻƳ
Ҷ󳹵׼ʹɱศɣ޾Ԫ͵ΪɱṩԴԴ
Ȼ
£ҶҲԸȥʥǿߣֻƾɱȽסͰǿ˳ɱ


1750 з
εɱӿȣһ߽⣬ڱɱ֮ϯأشȫɱ֡
ҶСΪһƬɱͿסϷ𣿸㣬룡ûκһɱܹסϷ򣡡
һǵĳǳǿƣʥ⣬ڴɱݺᡣ
ʥҲ죬ڵɱͬʱƵƵһǵĳ֣ƵòȫӦ
ɱһԪƬһԶŵɱĥĥ̡
ƬУгǧԾµɱиɫ׹˸ֻҪУΪҽ
Ҳֻһǵĳʥʥǿֲֿ߲ܵɱ⡣
⡭
ɱ֮⣬лˣû뵽־֮ҶԾз
Ŵоɱ⣬㷲һֲԤУ
䣡
ɱƿҶŰݵĳ˳ѪԨɢŨҵɱ⣬һԶŹɱһ㡣
㡭㾹Ȼû
з𾪵ԸӣŵһȭͷӲɳ
Ҳ̫˼ˣ
ĸ׿Ǹʥǿߣǿչ·һҲǶĴڣѹһǵǣ
Ȼ
ҶȻ˵Ĵɱгˣĸȴûнɱζʲô
ûǲǺ⣿
ҶɱȻһзȥ˵ûܿҪˣ
ˣ
зӶû˵ֱӼһҶȥͬʱչȥ
ɱһҶ־ȫĵ㺮û˵ֱߡ
ţֻҪԼܹƬ̣ĸ׿϶ܹɱԼԣ˿ķɶݣϣһʱ䣬ϵ״ɱ
飡
ҶӶɫȭͷɽգݺݵڽϣֱӽ֮ˣֲĻϢһӽͰһ档

龰зͣЦ֪ȻͽȥӽΪĴ𣿡
ҲĴۣɱ㹻ˣ
Ļδ䣬ҶŰǳ˻ϢֵķΧһɱһɱȥ
ʲôô
зӳɵˣǼըܹ˲ɱڵʿҲסû뵽ҶȻͽֽ֮ˣҺˡ
һӳƨۣѪˡ
⻹ô
˫Ĳ̫ˣ
ôҲ벻ͨΪʲôҶֻڵľ磬ȴ˾˵սʵ̫ϳˣ
̤ǿչ·ЩԸеšҲûôǿս
һˣзҲƬ̵ͣȼԼӡ
Ȼ
Ƭ֮ͱķ֣Ҷٶ̫ˣֱ紩Խռһ㣬գۼ֮ľ벻ɡ
лԩ޳𣬶ȴŴǲɱңθıҵ۱㣿
Ҷз𣬸ǽðƴȫ
׾ң
л֪ԼȼҲҶ׷ɱĹдȣϣԼĸܹʱɱԼ
ɣ˭ҲȲ㣡
ҶӰзǰޱ˵
ž
һĶڽҶŲ׷ǲ˲зӵǰһƽɳȥ
лӦͷ·ԼȥҶһ˴ɳȥԶѪģ°Ͷ챻ˡ
㡭
лŭ쳣ȴƬͣһת޸˵һ߼
ȥɣ
ҶҲ֪Ϊҹζ࣬Ҫսپзӡ
ɱȱֻʮ֮һӣܳʱסһʥǿߡ
¼ٵ׷ǲǰлκβԶͽ͵ģʵѹһС
飡
һ˲䣬Ҷлǰɫȭͷſ񱩵֮ݺݽɳȥ
ˣ
Ҳʩչ׷ǲлıؾ֮·ϣצӺݺļϣЩĶˡ

лҽǧͨκٶȲҶͰǵˡ
Ϊһǵĳ֮ӣлʲôʱܹ
˿̱ҶͰȺŹȫദۣѪӡ
ţҸǱ֮ʱ
лΣȴ
Ǹӵϵͱʥ߸˺˰ɣָ㣿ȥɣҶĴִɱɢ֣ˡ
ûǴɱûܹƽ
ŵĴ꣬Ҷһһͣлŵˡ
ĵľԼĸǲܾĻɡ
֮ǰ㴦Ҷϣܹıĵ۱͹似ȵȣ˫ǲ֮֡
Ҹƴˣ
лҲ֪Ҳûãƴơ
ƴˣ㻹ûʸ񣡡
ҶйâһѪɫľìС
죡
ҶһȣԾìʩչ߱ǹǿһУûǹӰһӽ񱩵֮ص۵˲ӿľ֮С

лҽһ˱֮Уá
ҶģɱҲɣ
лһ۵ŤˣĿ˵
һɻɲ˵ģҲˡ
Ҷƽ˵һսìֱӽлˡ
飡
лȻըѪɽɣ漫ѪȲҡ
ˣ
Զâһлٴγ֣Ȼû˿˵ļԾɱ۷״̬
ǡ
ҶһղŸолѾˣ˿ȴֳˣֱ˷˼
ԼķҲô찡ϵĲѪüٵģ͸ŹŹ֡
ٺ١
лվԶձĵЦ˵ɱң׷ˡ
ǡ
ӹµµת뵽ʲôһͻȻ˵ˣһ
ҶһһּƵķ׭ӵв˼طܹһֻҪһܹ˲һָǰ۷״̬
Թżֻд۲ƣ׼۾۷嶼޷ơ
Ĳϼ󣬼ǴҲƲ˼öû뵽һǵĳ˳ԼĶӣȻһö
Ҳûã˵ɣ˭ҲȲ㣡
˵䣬Ҷٴչ׷ǲ˲ǰԶɫȭͷݺؿڡ
ꡭ
ͷѵͣһ˲䣬һٶͷˣѪܣҶһȭؿڣڵضá
еĹ似Ҹʹ죬㳢ٹѻĿ̣
ҶŵʵͲʲôٹѻָ꣬һԡ
Ҳ飬ΪʱޣһǸϲĳĻһжˡ
ΣҲóѵģ
лһԼ似ɣǵĻһ
Ǿͱǲˡ
ϴٵмңһֱĵ̳һɫСܣ׾أǺö
Ҷļ£ǿʼϴٵĴҵһƷзӵͳ
һֱĵͿ֮Ű֣ܰȻûⲻϳ
˵䣬ĿлʶצֱĽʶУһ̳һöʽ׾ĵ׹Ȼ
ǲ
ȡߣл˻ߵĴš
ұ죡
ҶһƳϣЩ­ǳˣ۵ͷת


1751 õ۱
һһǵзӣʲôʱ䵽ҵľأ
ǵһ屦ھͳһһ˶䱦
ֱȡߣʧȥζˡ
ǸĺöϧֻʹΣܼӸ˷һΣ
ҶӰнӹһ߿һ߸̾ö׹һĹŷ˸ŵĹâϧѾһѺۡ
ÿһöֻʹΣ֮㳹ױˣƷ͵ǶҲ˴ͷȥˡ
㲻ɱңɱҲˣǿչ·֮أ
һͷĿѣлعм־壬ȴǿţɫ˵
вң
Ҷüëһʱˣвһô
ӣΪǲɱ
һڽлұҧһڵϣģѪⶼǳġ

лҽвѣ޲ý̻ˣȴҶ˿á
䣡
ڴʱɱдһɷǳµĲʥѹɨƬΪ֮Ʊ
ãëҪˣ
ɫ䣬Ҷ㣬һлϵɱǾֻˡ
ǵʵһ߾ʿҲԲ£ȫɱ֮
ָֻͻ߾ûжõʿҶһþƶܻɱ
һǳ߾ڣͣ˺ܾãֻѾ̤߾ڣ
ʵǿԿġ
Ͼʿ̤߾ÿһС֮ʵǾ޴ģ
ȥ˭ҲҪ棬Ψзң
лӱϳ֮ɫǾȥ˴롣
ۣ
ûлشҶһƵնȥѪŽлΪ룬佫Ԫп

лУޱȵľ֣ĸ׿ҪˣϾԮˣֻƬ̾Ϳɡ
ǲɱң
л˵˲
ֻӺǣ׼ɱôƾʲô
ҶһȭлѪŽɣֻʣһͷ­ѡڿС
Ҷ֣ҶۣС飬ð˼ҵĵдĹһΰɣҷģΪѡ
ͷлų̱¶ţֵ̿Ҷġ
ˣ
Ҷ˿Ϊƽ˵֪պαصԴǲΧɱҵһ̣Ľ־Ѿעˡ
ʲôҵЩ׷ȫɱˣ
л궼ˣ׾ˡ
ΧҶЩȥģֻû뵽ȻȫҶնɱˣԼһʲôɱ
׾ңҲ
ҶǾɱ֪κĶͽ͵ģȡ
Ȼ
ոշȻֹҶһڽʣͷ­ϣֱӽͷ­ĳ˷ɻңʶɿգ

ɱ֮УһǵĳӦԼӵʱһŭ𣬺ʥӲƴһǣɱȥ
ߣûôף
ʥѴɱҲ˲ˣֱȼǿһɱ󣬺ݺȥ

һǳŭͬȼٴκʥӲƴһǣ˫ˣս˫ִһ⣬ƿɱ˳
УҲɱɱ˺üΣѪ죬һãؤһ㡣
ճɱ̱֪Լлһ˿սϢҶֻѾˡ
ৣ
һǵĳһչ˲䲶׽ҶϢһ˺˽ķӡ˳
ҶС
һǵĳŭɶɱ֮𣬲죬˫ۼպˣչͨҶߵķ׷ȥ
ţҶ޷ӳ
ֻҪ֮У˲׷ϲ֮նɱ
ܹһǳλãʵȷǿͬ£˵޵УǺе֡
˿̣ѾҶϢ紩Խռһ㣬һǰ֮ң
Ҷ¼ٵ׷ǲһ¸ֳһƬģ磬Ƶ硣
Ȼ㣬ͬϰ׷ǲٶҲĶȥ׷ҶԶȥ
Ƭһһ㣬󣬶ɽɭֺɳĮѩɽ
Ҷ·ȼյĻһ㣬ɫѪڣٶȿ磬һһ
һǵĳը˷ΣԭΪ˲׷ɱԼӵ֣û뵽һӹȥˣȻû׷ϡ
ҶСӲģ
һǳˣȼٶһҶ֮ľڲ
ȥǰ취ǸëҪΪȮӱ𣬳ᱻ׷ϵġ
һǿҶһ˵
Ҳ֪ڸô죿
Ҷ²ͣѯʡ
գֻкգҲǡ
˵ţӿ³һ̨׼Ҷһնȥ
ã
Ҷͷվ̨ϣֱӼƣ׼գȶһ˵
Ȼ
̨ȴûκηӦղδѿ
⣬ӡˣ޷գ鷳ˣ
ɫ䣬Ҷ˵
ôһ飬Ѿ׷Զһȭңңҵȭâɽһ㣬ء
䣡
嫵һӽҶͰȫû棬ǰ֮ڣȺɽֽһ㣬׻˷ɻңԶʧˡ
ȭâɢȥҶͰ³֣ˣָһЩ
ԭڳһȭͬʱҶԤеԿܣ̴ŰǶռУʱһ٣˳ʱָһ
ȥ
ʹɥ֮ʹʧȥǣƵɱ֣ǿ似춯ء
Ҷһ֣ӳͷƷʯֱƷʯͬʱըޱߣ˲佫Щ
Ȼ
һ֮Ҷĵǳþֻƴʵˡ
ϵ治٣ûãھʵǰǸϣ
һǳɭһ䣬ȵɾһϣȴɱΨһãҪΪҶ𣡡
˵䣬һγ֣޴գҪҶͰܣ꣬

Ҷ쳤Хһһȼգɫķ˿ɢžӨĽ⡣
䣡
ȵϢ˲Ҷมֳͷ񽫣ϱ۵ӣиֲȱʥϢͬʱƵ
ƴˣȼ̥꣬ս嫵ϴ죬Ȳݡ
ˣ
ڳУԴԴ뵽У߷â
䣡
һƴ۵ϢҶȫ߶£˸յļȻδȫ渴գȴԾܹǿһ
꣡
ڼһâͬ콣һ㣬˲佫ˣֲɱ˳˿ӡ
飡
һǵĳұըŵס˵۱ɱһòҰޱȡ
Ҷ̫ͣ޷Ӿڵȫһɻɱ
䣡
ڷâһ˺
ҶʩչϣŰ˲һƬǺӲ֮ء
һǵĳ׷ȴ׷֮ڸشʵһӴȫʢʱڵɣ
ֻĿҶʧãã֮С




1752 һ·
ǿգ󣬲Ҫ˵һˣһǳ嫵ǿ֮Ҳһ
ںǿ£һƬõǺ֮УһӰɢŵĽ⡣
ߣվһͷɫľǣ͵һ㣬ɢž˵Ѫ
ǴҶͰǡ
Ҷڽɫʥ֮Уһoһǿ֮С
ǻһƬâ֮УѪȫˣһ˫˸ųɭĹâ
ԴӴӳ֮Ѿں嫵Ǻ֮á
У˺ܶΣգһ·ΣϣѪսֹһ·ġ
֮ѣǿֲ֮ԲΪ֪ǿҲмη⣬Щ䡣
ܶ࿴ûκĹ϶ǿЩѾﵽ߾ڵ۷壬ֻһɳΪ߾ڵǿߡ
ѪսУһУͰǶٳɳȻȻɢһɲ߾ǿߵɷ
µˣµѪսÿζıԵǻðǵԸѸٳóĬ֮ǰƶˡ
ǲ֪Լʲôط֪ԼǷǿչ·ϣ֪·֪ǰʲôδ
еһжδ֪Ѿʧããǿ֮У޷ͷǰδ
Ѿһǿ˵ľԵҲھԱ
ܶϲûдͼ̨кյ飬Ҷں嫵ǿѰ̨ܹ̻ĲϣǸ̻յļ̨
ڷֹĥУҶѰڷɿѰкܶԭ޷ʩչҲʩչˡ
ǵҲһδεʧܺͳɹ𲽾ԽԽСˡ
ʼǿ̻Ĵͼ̨԰ƣҶ㱩һ١
ҲʧҲԭ·ˣֻں嫵ǿеһ˵ߡ
棬ڰ޽¶ڿݾƷζįһһǣһƬһƬΣأҶ־ᶨɶҡ
µˣµѪսˣԡѪһ·սҶ⣬Ǹмβ
ǾʲôʱǾͷ
ǵһ䣬ҶߣֵһǣĴҰΪԹ
һθ߳գ֮±һλʥɱǲһ䣬ӹһ٣˺ܾá
УǵʵʵĸҶȻʿôҲܱûǿ
ĥУǵʵҲڿţʼպҶ£ҲͻƵˡ
Ӿ˵ҶǿΪһֱڣҶʼ۷壬޷ͻƣ֪ȱʲôʲôԭ
ҶĬȻҲ֪ԼʲôطԴӴд֮Ǿһֱİˡ
µѪսµջ־ʯɽ޿ɶҡӦһС
ףǰأ
˫â̴գǰȥҶڹϱУһСǰһʯϿм֣Ծ
֮Ĺ
Ҷˣںڰǿ£δĺۼ۵ĹϣȻµĺۼ̫ˡ
ǳϣҶ֪κһʱ壬ʯһ΢ĲͲʶʯϵ֡
⾿һʲô·
ѵǿչ·ϲɣ
˵Ѿһȫǿչ·ˣ
ӦʮǰıأݣΪһӡҲҪʧˡ
ûʲô
ҶͰǷͷŲ۵ĹѰܿҵ˳ƬĺǣкܶѾ˹ǷۣĶǰǿĴڣӨ
Ȼ
ǿҲֲʱʴЩԭǿʿǱʲôĺʧȥ˹һ㻯һعǷۡ
ǡ
ѰƬ̣Ҷǰľ󾪴ˣǰԶبһɽһ޺ǣʮȥˣԾûб׷绯
˾޴һʥޣп׼۾ޡ
ҶԣŵϿ϶춯صĴս
ŹһεĴսųױˣģ
ҶСӣкöĺǣĪǵϳɣ
Զе
ҶҲˣ޺֮УȷкܶĺǣеľӨеī
Źǲ֮Ѿ̽ǣ˷дĺ֮⣬Ҳ˺ܶ壬ǿĺǣɼĴսǶôĲҡ
ʱĳУЩԻ͵Ĵսչڳٹǧ꣬ŹϽҲûκκۼˡ
ȻҲһջҲûУһǷڸǵĵطһƵļ̨
ܹ޺ȴ֪ջὫδ
ǿССĲƼ̨˵
ۻὫǴ͵δܱûͷӬҴðɣ޺Ҳ·
ҶҲƵļ̨۲һ֮԰˵
Ƶ裬ҶʾԲǣҲﲻʲôæһԿţʱһЩָʯ޺֮Ĳ
ʱ󣬰Ǽ۵Ѫڽͼ̨޸ϣһȪ֮Żָ
Ѿ뿪ǿչ·﾿һʲôĹ·
Ҷͷ˼
ʣ֮ѾȫʧˣżȻŹǵĻָ˵ʲôʱ
Ȼ·Ѿԭǿչ·ˣи򣬱ǺĿĵǿҪöˡ
ں嫵ǿУĻûκĻŵ
·Ȼ֪ͨδĺۼȼϣ֮𣬲ʧˡ
Ҿą̃ϵĺ֮ǰơ
һ£˵ں֮ǰٳһǿչ·ˣֻǲ֪ʲôԭǿչ·ķˣʷпѾҲй·κμ˰ɣ
ҶͷϿ˰ǵ²⣬ĹԺ͵ԺĺܶżûκһżᵽٳһΪϵǿչ·
ǿչ·ΪαûֻƬǴһƬδ֪ʷӱż֮С
ϢƬ֮󣬵Ȱ΢ָһ£Ǳϼֱ̨Ӻնȥ
ڴǰ·
űպϣ֮УҶŰǣ˫Ĺâ૵˵
úһƬѹ֡صϢҶţһص硣
һ˵ĹǣǦƵͳɳأ˿ļ
ѵһûκǣ
ǲΧɨһ૵˵
꣡
ڴʱһɱӻɳ±ֱҶüģͻأǿ󣬶ͨڵʿ˵ֱǾɱ




1753 ǿ

ɱ죬ƥһ绮ʣֱҶüģǾɱκηӦʱ䡣
ˢ
ҶƾʶһſܹһǾɱ
Ȼ
üԾɱɱӹͷһںڵķ˿ضϣüĵѪȥɲ
ոսǱˣ
ҹ
Ҷɱ˫âһȭҵȭâ˺գֱǰɰһԲ׵
໺𣡡
ͻȻһ˻һͷ׵޴ӵɰıһźɭɭĹǴ̣ǵɱǴĹǴġ
ʱͷޱĹǴٴ˸âһɱ콣һҶն
ɱ
Ҷ֪ͷ޽ĻͲŹѰҵŵļ̨
ˣ
ɫȭͷգҶȭͷʥһȭһһɱ֮С
ſ򣬻Ӷȭܿƽͷǿޡ
໺𡭡
Ҷƽ֮ͷ޶ʱſһ챾Դһ쵶նǳݺҶüȥ
򣡡
Ҷһȣɫȭͷſ񱩵֮ﲻƣһȭ޵챾Դɵ쵶ˣɫȭͷݺݻͷޱϵĹǴϡ
꣡
һ죬Ǵ̱ҶɫȭͷһӺˣ۵޲ҽһ˫־Ĺâ
ҶǿĿ־壬һǿǿߣȻԽ
ϣ
ҶɫȭͷصĻͷ޵ϣ֮ɫƬ裬ѪŽ
໺𡭡
ͷ޷һĴѪ죬ħƱգƬˣ֪жô͡
ȻҶһжͽ͵ģҶɫȭͷһ赲һȭһȭĺͷ޵ϣܿ콫ˣۼ׷׷ɣѪŽ
ۣ
Ҷȫһֲһȭֱӽͷ޵ͷ­ˣҲֱӱĥڷ
ֵƨƨߵĴԶצһֱӽ޺˰ˡ
ҶҲ⣬ͷ޵ȷǿܹ棬Ͼֻ۷ľ硣
Ӿ˵ռơͬȾ£ӶĶ֣ͨ޸С
Ҷ׼Ѱû˿ĻǵʱԶͻȻһǿĲ
ţһӴĺӰһɽһնаɣģղնɱͷ޼һģһ
໺𣡡
ͷһϸǴ˸콣ĹââҶͰǴâ죬ֲ֮
ﰥСģϵģѵȺӵĲɣ
һֱӼϽԼͷһ̵Զȥ
ҶҲһͷǿǿޣһʥɢֻѾ߾ˣνǿѪƲ񷡣
ˣ
Ҷſ򷨲մнâȫ赲⣬ַķתţ⽣âǿĹ
ȻǴ˵ʿܶûгֹˣ
ͷ޷ֲʶ糱ˮһϯ
֪壿·𣿡
Ҷͬ˵
ҵȻûֻҵǰѣɱã㲻á
ۼâ޷Ҷķͷ˫ĹâɽһĴצӺݺҶȥضڶ
ͨڵʿ˵Ǿɱ޷ܿ޴צſֲصۣռ䶼ˣҶ׷ǲܵ˼Ӱ죬֮ǰٶȡ
ʱգǿչ·ϣʥǿ֮⣬˭޼ɵһֻצӱҪֱҶ
ͷ޷ͨ죬һΰɽһ㣬ÿһƬƬ緿ݰС˸Žĺ⡣
ɫĴצɽƷӡһ÷̶ӿХ
Ҷչ¡һͻƲ㣬ɫĴգָƼſֲ֮صۣһָƼζ
ˣ
ӶƣֱצӭȥɱɢּԪڿһ޴ޱȵĺɫƣ޵צݺݵײһ
䣡
ɱɢֺ޵Ĵצײһ𣬷ɹâؼһƬĿռ䶼ˣһ޴ĺڶȫ˺ڶ֮С
Դ˵ΪģһƬһܲ޾ӿ⻪ա
Ҷˣ޵̫ǿˣȻܹӲȾأŻӺ͵Ӷܱǿͷ޾Ȼˡ
ǿķֱӽҶɳȥǧԶ־ʹޱȣƼ쾷ˣϵɫѪҺһһε˳ָ
Ҳͬù޴СͬõɳȥǧԶײһɽ֮ͣһѪ˿
վ֮УҶһ˵Ѫ˲临ԭˡ
ͷҲָͬٶȾˣѪʢɽ緢һ㣬һƬѪ֮У˲临ԭ
໺𡭡
ͷ𣬹ϯأԶȺɽ·ֽһ㣬ֱӱ촷ۡ
򣡡
Ҷʾ꣬ͬһ깲Ӵ쳹ؼ䣬ۿɱٶ޷ײȥ
䣡
ռˣֲײһûзըҲûѤõĹâȴռֱˡ
꣡
ͷ紩ɽһ㣬һŹǴ̵ǿӹ𣬶˲Ҷ绹죬˺գֱҶؿڡ
ʵ̫ˣһ츳ݵأ٣ӵ¼٣
ҶȻͷ­Լаʱ̧𣬵ǰݺݵȥ
ͷԤеΣգһ˲ϢԶڽһգֹס˹
ˣɺɫ磬ΧҶֲٶȫչ˳
ԶԶȥֻܿһڹҶгǧɱΧҶһ㡣
Ƭ¡¡Ⱥɽ촷ۣȫ£ʵ˭Ҳûκɽ塣
ýˣ
ͷԽսԽ֮ʣͻȻһĮʶ
ţоһʹҶһǽɫȭͷУɫƬ裬ѪŽΪأ
໺𡭡
ͷп־ҶʵԶľ磬ֱԳ֮ȻҪǿܵصĴ
ž
ɫĥָ̰ն£ͷ޻Ƭ׷ɣϵĹǴȫϣڹͷԿ죬һκ˳ȥѪ

ҶٵʱˣһХ߶ȼУǿľɱһ
һȭرɫҶȭȭӣԨֱͷ޵ͷ­ҲһĨɱˡ
ϧˣһĨɱˣõһЩõϢˣ
ǶϽԶŽɽСʬ壬ҡͷԵ˵
߰ɣȥѰŹϵĴͼ̨
Ҷչռ䣬ͷ޴ʬ˽ȥԶãĴؾͷȥ
ûԶҶͻȻӦŹǵĵ´һĲʱһ




1754 
»䣬ɽ⣬ҶͰΧһϹһһ⸬
ڻԻһ̳һ̳ƣ˱ǣҹɫƮȥԶǴڳ⣬Ⱦơ
Ȼͷǿ޵⸬ӽ߾ޣѪ̺źκʿ˵Ǵ֮
ⱲӻͷһγԽӽʥǿޣζ治զأӲĽ
һߴŽĿһ߽ͷǿ޴һ١
ѰҶŹǵĵ·һС͵ķ󣬳ǿչ·ϿķȻ˷
ڷһС磬ڲһСʹͼ̨ʥǿ߶޷룬ΨѪܿ󣬽С
ͼ̨Ҷŷģ̨٣ҪԼ޲ȻҲһ֣ȴǳ鷳
ǿչ·֪˶꣬϶ڻŵǿչ·˳άŴͼ̨
ʣϵǿչ·ǰ·϶жϵ㣬ҪԼȥɲϣղǿչ·״
ſƺϣʵźܶޣʵ̫ǿѣͷɱĴɽһŹǿİˡ
Źǵĵ£Ĳȥһ̽
ûóȻ£Źҵͼ̨Ͱһɽмտ
Ա㣬ǻžҪȼȵͷڲϵȦȦ
Ҷ߳Ա˼Žĵ·Ȼϵǿչ·ϼκʿˣ˹¶ߡ
һſŻĹǱһ·һûоͷ֪ͨδ
Ҷ˼ȣ뵽֮ܶ࣬ǰǿչ·ǸΪǿ֮·ģǹϵ̽ǿյʱʲô
·ϳ˸ΣպͻűΪһĥ¼ǿ֮·
྿˶ˣһգû֪ûʷС
ڵϣǧ꣬ѾǷǳϵˣΪλ׷ݵëѪȷ¶ʱڡ
ʱ໹δԳ̬ܴʲôԻͲõ
Ȼ磬֮ǰѾǿˣչ˼貵ʮǰѾƾʵԶˡ
࣬Ҫȥ
Ҷ˳˼
ǦɢȥµգһƬĹԣ紵ƬأԶʱ޵˻ҹƽ˼
ڼ̨ңȥ¿ʲôҡҶվ𣬽ʣµľһʱʧҹС
ѭĲҶһƬɽ֮䣬һƵɽ·һɫĴ󶴣ֱͨ£ڣӿηһߵﶼҽȥ϶ͷ顣
ȻҶδֹ뿴ڵص׾ʲôԼĲһֱûֹͣɽڵʱǿˡ
ˣҶѾȷţǸ첨Ķɽ֮Уصף϶Ѱ֮
Ѩֱͨصףһã͸ܵ
һ˲䣬Ҷ֪ˣŹǵĵԳһС磬϶ĳǿڵصš
ǧҽ֣ڣһͷͷ޴ҽзȻֱӺҽȡ
ЩųɫƬ챦ʯһ˸˸Ź⣬һ˫۾˸鶯â
ػ棡
Ҷ̸ֳ֣ڵ磬طˣӵ£ֻҪлԴ档
һǿ飬ղǹ룬һǳֲ壬ǵܾӵؾһЩ䡣
˭
ҶһʹһȣȻʶ糱ˮһϯ
һͷǿޣ۷壬ֻѾ߾ˣʶһ˿ʥ
ʱҶҲǷ첨ĶȻһöʯѣܲŷۡ
꣡
һͷɵĵػһҽӹֱҶ¹ȥҽǹһ㣬Ϣ
飡
Ҷָһһâֱӽҽˣɽз·һҽһ㣬ֲĸҶı嶼оһոС
壬Ȼ壿
һͷǿĵػ淢˳޵ʶ޴βͺݺҶɨȥһƬ۽Ŀֲ¡
·ŹǣǽֻǸܵһĲѡҶ
Ҳţһǿػǵıġ
һȺػͬʱҶ³һҽһ㣬ɢſֲϢ
ҶüȺ֫ͷԼ򵥵ĵػˣûԷʲôͷ
Ȼ˿̾ҪҲˣΪȺػͲĽֻͣȶ֣Ʒ֮͡
ս޷⣬ҶֶɫƣѪڣΧԼЩػȫĵÿѪϵƬ˲٣һ۵졣
⴦ӽĵĵطҶоŨĻԪڲǳȵԺԪغеĻԪػҪ
ǵĵطһ
Ҷ·һ㣬ֱϥ£ȥĻԪصķͱʣϽֳһϵĻԪطģһͷɻһ㣬ɢʥϢ
ҶģЩػ֪Ķ񲻸Ȥװģ
ȥǰһ̫󣬾Բʧһʮ׵ĵػ֡
ˣѾˣ
һϵһ׵ľ޴ɽ֮Уһ˫۾̫һ㷢ҫ۵ĹâضһʯϵҶ
޹ʴصأҵˣɱͷ벽߾ĵػ˫⣬콣һֱҶɱȥ
ұǶ֣Ҷ̾˿Ӱԭһ˲֮С
ߣǰ֮УҲ֣ͷ׵ĵػſһƬ꣬ȫһſҽɵĻֱӻա
ˣ
ҶƵĴ߳ſ򣬽ҽȫ֮⣬ûһܹͻķ
ڴʱɽͻȻһ죬öҽеʯͻȻѿˣһöѶɢŨĻԪز
𣡡
ǵػһſֲͼҽȫС
ͬʱҶҲˣöоȻһһķ˸ΪԴĻԪط
ܹõöʵȻһʵ
뵽Ҷһֱʩչرö񵱳ɱԼ
ɵҶػŭۿԼػ޾£ڳȻҪһߣ˷ŭβֱҶɨȥ
ৣ
ҶŲ׷ǲһ磬һѽѡڰеץУæһƣһͷɽʯϣʩչѰеĵ˲û뵽ʯ֮УѭŵԶȥ




1755 ֻŲ
ΪڻԪطĵطпܵҲǾԵģЩɽƵĹϾûС
˵һ컯Ҷڰһ벽߾޵ϳһö
еܷ˳뿪ػϳ˵Ҫ˵סöˡ
ϾǸ벽߾ޣʵսȫһ߾ʿ
ҶͰǽϹ󣬶ϴͼ̳ʱ򣬵ػҲϳг˳һ˫۾ƣɨǣѰټ
ﰥ㵨ӿǿǵػ㾹Ȼ̫˼ˣ
֪Ҷξ֮󣬰°ͲҽϣѾ֮УػʵǿҲûãԷֲǡ
Ƭ֮󣬵ػױŭˣչֳɱ壬һƽǶˣǷ˹ȴҲҶӰϢҲʧˡ
֪ԼⳡԵˣǵõԿڰ֮ͻƵ߾
Ȼ
ڣϣˣѰһö֤ѣʧȥҪŹؼİ벽֪Ҫȶ²пˡ
໺𡭡
ػǿ֮Уŷйеŭһβɨʱһǳ鱬ˡ
Ƭǿеǳʯˣ֪˶ٿţõ̻һǿз貶ݵĹâ
йһ֮ͨŴͷɥĻصԼǿŹǡ
˿̣һƬž޶ҷκΨּŭڻͷϵĵػ⵽֮֡
һУҶǲ֪ˣѾţһŹǺɶȥ
Ȼ
ҶȥʱУһҲƽӿ
գҶӡʱһǶӦ˾ҵĲǷ׷ײ²оʲô
е׷ʲô
˿ֲĲ϶д鷢ˣ
Ҷ˲ǸոձѺĪɱˣ
һ쵽ڣһǣοֲĲԭ򣬳Ļ̥֮⣬˶ΪҶˡ
ʲôط
һǵĽأǹѺǿ˵ĵطҶڶѣǿҲԲеЩѺŵǿ˵Ķ֡
֮УԪϡǿܹЩʵǿķάŲѣ޷
ҶͶ֮У˾ٷǰػģϣЩǿķ˵ֽҶóеκΡ
Ҫ֪йѺĿɶһЩ׼֮ͽΪȥʲô¸ɲ㽫ҶʳҲпܡ
ҶոձѺ֮вþͷ飬ԣ¿϶йء
ǿչ·óϴһˣͻһɱŵ֮·ˣ
ܶ߶ĸп
ҶǿӹɣɹǵڶУܹŽǰʮӼǿߡ
Ȼ
ֻΪ˳֮ӣܵĴúܶ߶һǵĳе
ֻ߶ѣһûȨûʵҲֻ˽һйԼеĲѡ
һʱ䣬һҥ˴ԣҶѾһǵĳɱˡ
Ҳ˴˵ҶѾйѺЩ׼ķ˻ˣĲǴ򶷵ʱ򷢳ġ
һУһǵĳеֻţΪ㹻ܹѹЩۣЩ۴Ͻһǳʧ
е־ǣҶȻõ۱ķӡ
˲ΪȴǷǳģϹʱսʱµĹսǿ߷ӡγڵ
彫һЩʵǿʮﷸѺ֮УǳɱĿıΪ˵Ⱥڰ󣬿ﷸΪȷȥ֣ȡ
ЩﷸǶôʮ⣬ǱϾ飬ʱ򣬲ɵǲƴ
֮Ĺ·һ֪ӡƣȻ֣ڰұཫһ޴֮У룡
ÿÿ뵽һǵĳһ亹
¹ϵ̫ˣǱ֪Ļ϶׷ΣʱıҶ۱鶼ᱩ¶
վ֮УвӵĹâգɱһ¾ģʱ
ķӡвжΣǸҪΣκ֪ķӡѾˡ
֪ҶѾӳؽΪˣȴĽϳͣ
ȣ
һգһǵĳһϸ߿գ˫ֽӡһ⣬ϣܹƾƵĵط·ӡ
Ȼ
һط֣ƾʵ޷׷ӡĵۺܿͱ۱µϢĥˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
һǳħһŭ𣬵۱ûеõԼΨһõһͱôһ¨ӣ͵ʴס
ãҲɥ֮ʹ˰ɣǱӦӦ
סʥ߿Цһֻ
ұ죬Ҳھͱ㣡
˸Ĺâħһ㡣
ܴù˵ɣ˵ˣɱɱңԼ;뵹ùԶˡ
ʥߺڿ
ߣ
һǵĳˣȴҲ֪ԼûȨеﷸֻǿѹеŭһ˦ӣ뿪
һ죬һϢ֮лܵ˴ۣܴ̼չؿޣﵽ۷أ
һϢһ˶е죡
лǺҲ
һаԵˣͲȥչؿޣ
ĪʲôˣԲñչӣң
۷׷ףлȥչؿޣαչؾè壡
ͬһ죬һըԵϢһһ̸֪ˣ
ʲôˣʲôЦ
ǧȷ˾Ӧģ˵ԼӦ˵۱ϢԱˣֻǸҶǻͲ֪ˣ͸ʿĸ֪ܹ֪һЩΪģ
Ҷϴе۱ѹзӻôأ϶Ҫıĵ۱
һϢ˶ɵˣһпɢ˶ָȨı˽ɱţһǳĿֻŲ
ЩͨԵѾ뿪һǣӰ콫Ѹٴǿչ·ʱ򼴱Ҳճˡ
رճţ
һ죬һǳһϿ𣬾޴ĳŻرգһһĵ۳𣬽һǳ׷ӡ




1756 ׼Ӳһǣ
»ˮǻ٣ΪһṩԴԴؾάƵת
һܲرԴһŹرգͳһȫյ磬ްϵ˽Ҳȥ
ųеĽֵϣһӶʿŽļУֳ곤ꪣһѲߡ
ǻɢһɱǴӵɱһ㣬һǵĽֵ˲侲
һǵĳվڳͷ֮ϣӰģ޾һ㣬Ψ˫â̴ء
һʥѹϯȫǣ˶һǣ˭ҲҹȻ⣬Ѱ·
λ֮Ƿ˵ɧңһЩ׼ͽͼӳȥǱѹˣλҪۣ
˵ţһǵĳִһƬ⣬һ棬Ȼʥһʵǿͽ𱩶ͼӳ
ͷսʥΪ׵ͽǿѹ
һսУеսʧأʥ߻飬漫𺳡
Ȼαȴ𣬲δҶҲУαĶġ
լʺûе֮ǰûΪҶǽҶйѺûгŪ֮ǰͱһֱ֮УνıҶ۱飬е޻̸֮
ľҶˣΪһǵİгҲϣκйۣΥǹ۴ϣҺΪ֮
ӴһϿòʿѪӿҡ겻ȡ
߾ĳʵ̫ǿˣɢʥѹֹĳ嶯
˷׷׸̾Ȼǿ֮·Ǻ߾ǿ̫߱Զˡ
ֱӳͷʧ֮һǲŽָ
ȴ֣ЩʿȻڽֵѲţû뿪Ȼˣ顣
Ȼ
Щ̤ǿչ·һѱ֮Ҫסǵ켸ǲܵģһǵĳҲС
ܿ죬ڳеľ¥۵㴫ˣЩֻ·˵ضѣͲںʲôǹ
˵ˣĴ˳ǹ棬ڵеǿҲԲӲο䷢ƾʲôۣ
֣Ϊ˵𣿡
һϷ硢Ŀھ¥ĵطһʿʵ
˵ȻԳ£İɣֻǿϧҶˣǱԩģȴѺϣܹһɣ
ߺһƸ̾
Ҳôţ۱ģһ֮ҲǸˣܾס۱ջ𣿡
Ŀҡͷ˵룬ڸʵһֶΣƾΪҪһЩ󻹲۲óЩνĵʱĻ´ҵ졣
˾ҵλҲһλ߾ʥߣʵȳĸӦӦûȷˣʶڸʵࡣ
ǻ˵϶ǸҶ߳ˣǸҶϴе۱ƴ߶۱
һ£̫ǿ߷ӡģ˵۱֮⣬ʲôܻ
ô˵ǸҶ߿׶༪ˣ˳ܻ뿪һǣ
ѹˣǿ֮·ʵ̫ڰˣ
۷׷ףһЩͨ²⣬Ȼ𲽻ԭĲʵ龰
Ըǲ£һǵԭסȴ֪λĿֲ֮׷ױ͡
λǸխر֪ԼĽ飬ԼѪȱҲͲԶˡ
ʱĹȥһ𽥻ָյķƽ·ʲô¶ûзһƺѾǸҶߡ
һЩֱ˻ǲһЩ˿
˵˺ܶ࣬ЩƽֺаУаԵĶūǶٳˡ
Ҫǣƽʱ޼ɵлȻҲûǰֹúܶ˸е˼顣
л֮Ա˳֮Ϊзӣг֮⣬һозһаԵ˭˳۱һٱмζĸ׳潫Ӳѹ
һˣչؿǾԲܵģΨһĽ;ҪôˣжҪôбҶɱˣ֮ԲǱչؿޡ
һеһУǶз˻ɡ
ǳԳ棬չֳνĻͼѹǵۣһ˿ͬѰζ
ڳĻ֮£ҲֻڣֳĬؽ⵽Ѫѹ
˿̣û˻ȥùͷ˭ɵӣܱĵǶ
һ֮󣬳Ų´򿪣ЩûͨѡǾʹ˳ǵȴһεĵĿ
һȻȴǾþ֮أܶѡȥ·ӹסȴһĿ
ҲһЩĻ䣬εܵ˼ĴоԼͲ̤ǿչ·ϣʹ˳·
ɳ
һǾһԽʯʵͨһǣ̤ǿչ·ĥ¼ûʵֻȻ˳ǿ֮·Ͳߵġ
ϣһǷٺг˽ȴǰӿܶǿļ嶼ڴ
Щ嶼ǹϴģвܹͳǿߣֻû֤ݵ£Ѱ⵹ЩҲûѪȵı
һ¼ȴһᣬõúõĻԲѴ֮ͽ⵹ܹԶ÷
Ҳᵽһ˿Ϣȴδֳǿ򾲡
ţֻҪԼţκ˶⵹һģ˭Ҳӳλϸ
Լǿģôʲô˶ˣԼԸͷ
ΨһڻǣԼ˺ĶӾȻбҶɱˡ
лעȫѪϣܹ·ϴʣղ֤ɵۣҲҪﵽ׼۾磬Ӽʢ
һϣлʧˣܲҶ֮ǣ
һ죬ڳĿһߺȲһ飬Ҫһȫ߲֮Уܱ¶࣬һɹ˵飬ٲľء
ɹصǣܶնѡΪԼ֮
˵ɹǻиʱĴ۵ĺᣬÿʱǿ׼۳֣һֲĴڡ

˼֮еʱһѣ˻Żŵӣɫɵóȵʲôʲô£˵
˵䣬豭һ裬ڳһǰɫĴݡ
ղʹһϢ˵ɹǽһλ׼ǿչ·Ӳ죬һվһǣӭӵ׼
ʲô
Ϣһ£в豭˲们ڵϣžꡱһˤ˸飡


1757 ϲˣ
ãã棬ڰ乲棡
嫵ǿУǳĹȴǼٵġ
ңԶ÷ֻĹʱڣӿֳһ̧ժǣѵصǿߣǰ̣ں嫵ǿмǰУΪٳһǿ֮·
һϵǿ֮·ʿһһĴ٣ںǿеһ·
ĺڰããһδ֪еͬڱڰпٳһ·ѰǣɱԻøϢǿ
ϵĴսУһſŹǱ򱬣泾
ǿߣڵ֮ʩչͨһſԭʺĹǻ˸ض졣
һǳԭŹеȫ¾һʵǡ
ȻȴԼͨ汾ԴӲԭѾʺĹǻһƬ֮ء
޾֮Źּǿ󣬵ȴȻͬвǳ
ԭ߲ŻӵĹԼһѪѹػĴš
һ죬ӭһλͣǴӲǿչ·һλش֤֮׼ۡ
ҶĻһܹϳΪλ׼̫ϤˡԺԺϲ
Ҷǿչ·ǿ֮·֮һκƽʱڡ
֮ӱҶɱ弸һĴҲǿȵѪҺ侲ʶܹͬǷͥ
Ϻ;۱ߣ׼Բܺٴηģս
ȻˣСģĦǱⲻ˵ģһⲻҪײ۶廹壬һ£ԣһǿҲһֻ۱һֻۣĬķ
ɳƽʢǿߺǿȻսĥ¼ǱһԽĥԽ
ֻҪһǿ߲֮£ԴС֮ͬԾķٶһ¡
ֻ֮£ϲųӣ̤ǿչ·Ӳǿ֮·һ߳Щ֮ǿչ·Ͼʲô޵ı֡
֮ǣߵĺػĵطҲǿ֮·ϵŻȻǳҪ
Ļӭ֮£ľ۾ӵأѯһйλۺ̩ǵ飬֪Ƿǳ˳ǰһȥˣǳ⡣
֮ǲиҶҲ·˶ˣ
ϲĵĻҶһ㿪ʵ
˵Ҷ˰Ѿ뿪һˣ˵¶ҪлλҶˣǲ֪ҪŹضأԵ˵
Ŷô£˵ҶϢϲģʵ
ŹԴɱɱߣߣٵ˻ȪûϢԽԽϡˣҪ˰꣬ŹϾҲûˡ
渵Ҷΰǲ˫ɱ󣬽߻ɱɫĽһ顣
Сӣǵ͹ˣ
ϵĽϲ۷Ź⣬һĴȣ̾˵
úܶԣΪһұҪ
ϲοҶϾҶĻ飬֮ģе緶
ҾͲˣߵδˣһҪΪ壬ΪĹף
ϲϵҶһҲȥˣֱӶ峤ʹϵһ˵Ļе˼̨ǿնȥ
Ϊ׼ۣϲεǿ
ûдͼ̨ҲһԺǿգʱ㵽ӹǵϿա
ӹǣûȥһǣǽŹϣҪŹһԭס񣬻һЩûͨһǵġ
Ӳǿչ·ҪһĿľ˽úͿǿչ·۹صĳǷϸȻҪһһǵĳġ
һҿ⻹𱬵ľ¥ϲϾ¥СˣһϾƣߺȱ¥˵̸
һߵľ¥̾ʲô˶УȴʿбȻûͨЩǡ
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ո²ãһ仰ɵһɫ˾˵Щʲô
ҶַǳУȻǿչ·ԸĶУҶȴ̫ࡣ
ʶǿ
ֻҪԸ⣬ųǶļΧ֮ڣܽ
ʱԱһֵʿ˵Լã˲˵ˣֻҪͻӦòԩǸҶİɣ
֪ʲôҶնɱǼǹǰϹӶܿõ˵ˣҪ飬ôʱˣӦõ˰ɣôûκϢҿڹ˽ΪӱأȿڵǸʿһ޵˵
˵°ҵЩĻϢ
һҡȵʿӿ˵һһǵԭס˵ģ˵ıҶϵĵ۱ԲŽѺǰЩҵĲ¾ɱڣڵ۱ѾУʲôˣǸҶѾɱˣ
ɣǿۿչʾз飬еͽôǳɱҶĵǸأ˲ŵʵ
ѣˣǸ߾ڵʥߣҪǻ𣿡ʿЦ˵
˵һҲ̫ڰ˰ɣֱӶɱţѵͲⱨӦ𣿡
˻ǲţһһǵĳȻ֮¡
ټ˲ǣѻһڣﶼһǿչ·ѲԭǵϣˣҲѹ֣˭ΪԼأ

¥У˻ۣϲѾȥˣû뵽ȻϢ
ʣ˿еǸҶԺĵҶҲֻϴŲȱĵ۱
֪ҶпѾһǵĳɱ˵Ϣ֮ϲеŭһӰͲסˣҲˣҲˣһʯֱ֮߳˾¥һȥ
ಣ
ϲ˸âһѾһǵĳ֮ǰٶ֮죬𾪡
˿̣ŽգûпͷվһӶʿս£ֳͭꪣɱȻ
ѣ
ң
ϲɱֱ죬Ŷýˣֱһ߿һ۹صĴţ˽ȥ




1758 찵
һǣããǿ֮Уһʯ̶ɣ沼ƣ֧㲻ࡣ
Ȼ죬Īһ۹صĴȴһһ߿ˣŶ߷ˡ
˻
ͷ֮ϣЩʿǲɵõһͷ̫Եˣ͵һͿ
Ҫ֪һ۹صĴŰ˾ڰ﹥ƹ֮⣬Ҳûκ˸ֱ߿š
죬ǳ׼ʶʲôŽˣ̤ǿչ·۹ǰбְǺһ򣬼ѱǻûκһ˸ڵһ۹ǰ£˵ֱһ߷ɴˡ
һǿߣǾǲ𣡡
Ǵ˿ЩسǵľʿǹͬһǵĳܲǿƣǳҲһž߷ˡ
ȳŷɳԶ۵һڵϣһ̳Ҳǣ˶ӿϽͷʲô¡
űһ߿еԭס˵بδ֮£ԸǿǰӲ죬Ҳûκһַʽǵġ
ٹң
ϲݣɢǿҵɷ⻹ĽǶδܳܵȫѹ
ſڷô飬ΪȻ֪ȴû̳ӭȹϵһ㣬ڳת
֪߾ǴɹģѾ˵һЩԷ򲻿̬ȣֱš
ˡˡˡ
һӺһ㣬ԼתȦ
үʲôˣһǣǳԽǵӾԽ˵й󷽷ȥأ
ķ߹ۺɷ˵
֮ʲôû֤ݣô
һˣȻŵ˵
ʰһݣݵ߳ŷȥŰλĸ۷ǿߣɢϢ
յſڲԶӭϲϲֱӿʵ㣬ɹҶ

ͷпһ£Щ²˽֪ûѵֻӲͷƤϡ
Ǻã㣬ںδ
ϲƣ˼ʱ䡣
֮У
ϲǿѹ£ûκ˼ʱ䣬ֻýŻش
ΪҪ
Υǹ棬ɱ֣ɱߣǿչ·ϵķɣӦУȻǳķϣһ棬һѺ֮У֮á
ݵľ֮侲ʼ
Ӧøмˣ
ϲЦô˵㹫˽Ҫıĵ۱ڣŽѺ֮еأ
´ҥ˹ңˮ׼
ϣƱִһô꣬ʱ޿̲ھҵҵسǹ棬ϸִһЩˣڹˣǷǡ
˵㵹һóˣ
ϲĻǰŶţȴ޷
ҵֻǾְضѣ˿и
ֵĴȻ·һΪĺóһ
ô˵ԩˣϷҪҪǸϲ˵
ǰˣǰԣΪټϹңʵҵһһʱȥˡ
һô죿
ǶԷҪѺеҶĶȥҲ䲻
аֹʱϲٴδҶɹǵ֮ӣҲϷΪصĵӣȻϷˣǼһӦûɣ
νʲôʲô
~
˲ˡ
˶Ȼ˵ڿ²У黹ûȫȵ֮Իǰ棬ϣǰҪѹˣ
ãϷһΣˣҪҵ֤˵ĴԶģĺѿ
ϲºݻΪҶʲô¶óɱһسǵĳ˵Ͳʲô
ֻҪҵ֤֤ȷҺ˹ţԸܳͷɱǹУϤ㣬ްԹԣ
Ҳƺ
һϲסһУ찵ãϣܹҳ֤
Ϊûκ֤ݵҲ⴦һǿչ·ϵĳûʸ
ʱϲǳìܣûʧϣҳ֤ݣ֮ԷΪҶϣʵҶû
ȻĵѾ϶ҶпѾ֮УֻҪһϣͲ
һУӿȻϿȥƽʵϸ֮Ȯ۸ӡ
һǾӪ꣬Ǹٹ̣ټǿչ·۹صǿ໥֮䶼н飬Ҫ̫ˡ
찵˼֮ϲͻȻʶĵϣҪйĸϢֱ̫ˣܶڱѯʵʱڣҪôǶһõĶûС
򲻸ˣ׼ų·ĹȥѰ֤ݵʱһ͵͵ҵ
ǰҵǴɹߣϧʧˣΪ·۵ʧߣȴҼһûԼĸǣﶨˣĵڶʮ˴
ҽһ£Ȼ˵ǰȻҪ֤ݣβȥѰңûʲô˵ҪҵǸҶˣǱѺ֮УҾڲǰҵĲǶӦˣǸҶĺпѾɱ֮УֻҪȥʵҳһЩ˿
ЩϢ̫Ҫˣлл㣬ҶıϷĲ
ϲ˫⣬Ŀķ
ڶһ磬ϲٴҵżɽ˵ȥпȻҶܳңȥܿ԰ɣ

ĺ˲ˣ֧֧˰Ҳû˵һ
ôʲô𣿡ϲʵ
˹Ѻط֮أϽ˽ڣǰû¡
Ļû˵˼ȷϲûȻ׼ۣҲ
һϲĸˣ֮п϶è壬Ϊʲôǰȥ̽
㲻ҪˣɹڶеһһҪһѵܴɹȥ̽һҵĵдͷǰ·κ飬Ϸһе
⡭
û뵽ϲȻסţֻҪϲпһۣ͸ˮˣʱϲԲŹ
һ̣һǧһϲ
Ȼ
׼۾ϲǰκλжˣֻܻ̳飬һȥ




1759 ϲŭ
һϲѾڵϿգ˫ִһ⣬˲򿪷ӡ֮С
⡭
ѽϲ̸Ӧһɵ۱ϢϤľ۵ĵ۱ڵϢ
ѭŵ۱ϢȥϷ֣۱ĵطһ˪˵ҵĺó˵ûκԩҶЩνͣ

ɫ䣬ӹµµתǿ˵Ҳ֪׷ʲôأ

ϲ˫ۣشЦóµ㻹Ʊ磬֣Ե۱
ңģ죡
ײĲᣬϣʱڽƱ硣
㻹ҽƱ磿浱Ϸ۲ɣµϢüٰɣΪԴСɱ徫Ӣ㲻ã
˵䣬ϲֱӳ֣ϼĴ̺ǳ·һһ㣬˲佫¡
䣡
һ죬ͻȻըˣֲ˲佫ϲ𿪣
һƬ۵Ĺâ·һ̫ըһ㣬ֲĲϯ
âɢȥѾʧʲôҲû£ҽûУʧķǳס
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һжӲϲ˫ۣ˫âܻ棬ɲǼ仹ԭղŵһУָղԱľȻֻһܶѣѾ˻֮ˡ
¡¡
֮ľ죬һи֣֯һƬϲɱ
ߣ
һߣţ޵ı𣺡ϲģҵģΨһĶӶˣʲôҲںˣ׼ۣҲܵס޵
ҶǲѾ㺦ˣ
ϲɫûɱķʵ
СѾҸɱˣбɱҰɱΪıӱ𰡣õҿѾѱ˰ɣ
ЦֹЩѾȫŵķȫƿأֻҪ֮У
ϴ֮Ҷ˳ȥΪҲ֮У޷ƿط
ڲͬˣƿ˷ⷽصףûӵĨɱ

ϲһȣչͨһƽɱɢˣֱӴ̽һƬֱӽн˽

ִУôҲû뵽ϲȻôǿһɢ޾գһѾͽץ˹
һ̣ϲᵽʲôĿ־塣
ϲȣ֮һϣ̫Զˣ
֪ˣǰһΰɡ
ϲݺڵϣƵˣڵϿͷ缦ף
㣿
ϲ˫ۺᣬҶصԺӣҶԼ²û뵽Ȼ
ǰĵӲû֮ˣղǺǰһ棬һΰɣ
ڣҲκԭԭ˵˳ϣϲܹҶûķϣĹԼ
˵ʲôҶû
ϲһһץ˫ۼâʵ
ǵģûн˵
ৣ
˵꣬ϲһӡֱӴогһμۿ֮˽ҶƽĶԴըˡ
ž
ϲһƣֱӽúɳȥԶˣѪŴɳ
Ϊ֪Ȼ˶Դ̤ǿչ·ᾫӢʵڸɱ
ϲһȥƸҪǮһץסͳ飬Դ˹һͣҡڡ
Ƭ̣һ׳ͷ۶׵ĳһ죬ʲôҲˡ
ǵˣϲÿһƶ̺ص۵ʥûã֮ǲġ
Ҳ˵ӽһǧڣͣҲ޷ıˣ
ǽڰʱõ㣬Ϸ޲ھͱ㣡
ϲʮǧӣȫĹˣź޺޵˵
˿̣Ѿˣһ仰Ҳ˵ûйͷһһ̯ࡣ
ƫƫ껹ѵģԹȥֻ˵ʹࡣ
ϲ֣ͣ˼δͷŵŧĻ֣
Ȼɱǲʵģ׼ҲûʸԴһ
˰죬ϲ۽ǵͻȻԶŵһħƵʯʱ
Ȼɱ㣬ȴҲŹ㣬Ѿһ֮ˣ룬ħʺˣ
ϲ˵ţһץħȥ
ǰѾ֪ˣܽҷӡħС
Һ
ΪһǵĳǳħĿֲһӡħбóԶ棬궼⡣
ȥɣ
ϲŭһֱӽӡ˷ħС

ħâһӰʧ˷ħϵһӡǡ
ħǵ빹һλ׼۰ǿ׼۱ֻǳ׼֮⣬ܹ߶֮оΪѹЩ׼֮ġ
һһǵԼһԼĶѹƣ޶նӯϲӡ˷ħУҲгͷ֮ˣҲӦõıӦ
ӡ֮ϲ˳һֱӻصһǡ
꣡
ϲһһ۷ǿһۿˡ
߽ϲһԲһ˱ֱӹۿʶıֱĨɱ
ӳţһֱɱ룬ѪɺʬɽмûһˣȫǶۡ
ԶԶظһˣûͨߣҲһǵԭס
ɱúã
ϲڳɱ䣬˶ֽкãɼǶôĲģ
ȻˣҲһЩûǶԼУ̻̲գ
Щ˶ڳڵʱΪŰΪĹǣ˿̼׵̨ˣȻϲ㡣
Ȼ
һ׼ǿߵƤӵ£߾ǿҲ˿Ѿ˵ܶˡ
׼۾ϲǰ˭ҲҲϲĶ֡
һƬ޳㱻ϲնɱǧˣѪζһǣ
ãɱúãȺ͸ñɱˣ
ӦⶼǱӦ
쿪ۣǲʱδʱһӦ͵
ںкã׷ָеѹ̰ǣȻûһΪ˵һ仰
ǧˣջĲ٣ɼƽжôˡ
նɱ˳еĶū֮ϲٴűķӡ




1760 ޷ͷ
ļУѾ֪Ҷûǻķӡ֮󣬴г˺嫵֮У̤ͨڵĺڰƵĹ·
ҶԸ㲻£
ϲûϵ·ȥ׷ѰҶĬĬΪ
ϵǿչ·ڵ磬ҲûʸţҪ֪ͨǿһͬô죡
Ϣ磬ϲסһǣȴ׼۵ƾԼ޷·ӡġ
һǵطһδϴƣϲ򣬵ȻӿʱĳĲǿ߱ϮɱϢ
ЩɱĻ϶֮ǰͳߵñȽϽģ˫մѪ
Щ£ϲ֪ȴûвֹʣԼȥһҲûѪˣ򼴱һ˭ұ֤·
ϲĬЩ֮ǰйļΣ˹˺
ǳ¼ңڳѪϴĵͱ˸ˣ˻УԴ֪ȥˡ
Щƽٻ޼ɵ˲٣úܶͨԭסǴһһƬȸԾ
Ǵŵƽʣܶ¥ͷ궼صıףĵ̨
һЩӴ󣬸ٹ̵ļ˿ȴС˼ѹѪϴȻϲܳʱҪȥǿչ·ϵǳѲӣô֮λ
һǲûгһεĳͻЩе
˼ЩӴļ·ǳ͵ǼеĵϵҲ΢¸ԼļĨڡ
һƽˣɹȴˣҶν˲֪˲
һ֮ʮߣڼȵϣӮ˺ƽնɱӣʿ
˵Ҷ嶼д󹦵ˣȴһǵĳƵûڻУֱ̫ǿ벻̣
ͨʿǵķŭϺߵ˸ĵ顣
һ֪ڰȻǰ٣һѣҪȥƵķӡ޲

޾ȻĵطûǳһĿݼİãã棬ûһϢ
µţɶ˵һıһУ棬û
Ҫ˵࣬һǳ嫵ҲһĹУһж΢ġ
˵ػ֮ҶͰǵϼ̨źɶȥ
Ȼ˺ü򣬾ʮŹǣȴҲûκ
֮߳ǾֵһŻĹϣݺᣬǾ޴ѷ죬һŹЩķѡ
ǰ·Ѷϣͼ̨ױ飬ŹϣѰֻ꣬һЩϼ̨ĲƬ
ãǿչ·ΪֹˣǾҪԭ·ضˡǴͷɥ˵
Ҷ˫Ĺâ侲˼Ƭ̣Ҳһ֣޸̨·һҪȥҵҪǾٳһĵ·
˵õɣ֪ܹǿյŵļ̨ҪʲôǿɶϡвϣѰǶܴˡǴ
ҲԴкðɣٷϻϽ̨̻Ǻɵȥܷҵ̨Ĳϡ
ҶһڰǵԴϡ
¹ԼСҲҵڿ񹻶࣬Ȼ޷ܹŵĴʹͼ̨̻һЩС͵Ĵ̨ǿԵġ
ȥˣ̻ϰ̨Ȼоϸٻزˡ
Ǳǫ̂ɵϣѰܹͼ̨Ĳϡ
ʱҶѰó˫âϵıԴҵһЩ̨ĲϣȴԶԶ
ܹţгԶɵļ̨ðɫԪʯģܹͨ汾Դ
Ҷһ֣Ȼ̫ˣԶԪʯ󣬳򲻵ѣҶǾԲġ
Դӵõ֮㽫֮Լĵ֮Уÿʱÿ̶ڸеĻԪصİͱԴ
ŸԽԽİеĻԪطҲԽԽɢųɫ⡣
Ԫطֹâȣǲ˲١
ҶûнԪصıԴͷȫ͸һԪطһâɵġ
ѵѰң˺üŹǣҶѰӵ쾡µĵزǿ˹ͼ̨ĲϣȻ»صǿŹϣʼ̨
̨ѣҶԼܸ㶨ˣǿ̨̻ϵˣֻܽȥɡ
̨֮ǰҲ˴ĹѰŹϽļͨһͷλ̨ȻڵϿѰƣΪ̨ṩ
УѰмصȴѾ͸Ҳڶһϲͨ
ſ̨ϣצæͣһƴĴצɣҲ۵ͷϳӵĺ
̻ܹŵƣ˿⣬غԼСء
ʱ󣬰Ǽ۵̱ڼ̨ϣļͽ
Ȫ֮󣬲𽥻ָʢѪ
ȷŲ̫ƫ𣿡
Ҷȷϣһβףãã棬һͶˣ֮궼ٻˡ
İɣֲһˣҲһϼ̨ҪҲһʲôʱԼ
ŵأצԼظƱ
⻹࣬Ҫ洫Ͷˣʳ֮ҳ㣡Ҷвһ䣬˼̨
Ǹˣ⼸̨ҪѪ޷ڨڨ߹˵
@#%$&
ҶЩֿڣһǹģȻҪѪܿ⵹Ǻ֮ǰǱͶǸԺļ̨ǳơ
û취ǾˮƽôԹҲûãֻˣԼһƬɫѪ
ǵûԼҲһɫľѪҶĽɫѪһڼ̨ϡ
ˣ
ѪߣȻһƬâһţ˸貵ǹ⡣
Ҷһ̤֮УͰһٴκնȥ



1761 ˴׼
ڰ˵޷ȴѡ
Թżÿһκڰĵζһڰʱˣ廹壬ⳡڰʧء
ԣϲϢ֮󣬼һأκںħڶסˡ
һ죬Ժղѿһǿлɢ׼ѹڵԺ֮С
һǵ󣬲ɵЩ׼ǲӣȫۼڵԺ֮Уȴ֮ؾϼ̨һȥ¡
־;۱߼ͬʱϵϺֱ֮һԣȴ˵ĵ
ǶĶǿߣ¹غڰǲӲ
⣬Ҷ˵ѾǾ۱һԱһδķһ˵߾Ͳܲ
Ѫ˵ҶδϹ־ǼΪԼ׵ĵ۱ڣǸݵͬʱҲҵѪܲ
㲻ΪҶع壬ֻΪѰظµĵ۱ҲҪȥһǿ
º󲻾ãٴѿһɿֲĲ׼۾ǿ߾Ȼдžͳˡ
һ˻ɫħƣݣÿһγǳƫ档
Դλһλŷһȱ࣬ɢŷ⣬Ժŵ񻷣ÿһγֶƽͣȴޱȡ
˶ţͻգԺʲôʣ¡
λס֣ϷıϣͣɸΣ
һͷƮȥм䣬ֹǵĴ򶷡
ߣλͺ¿ͿֵϣһΡ
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ֻɿݣһ㣬ɫҰף˫˸ű̹⣬һǸħ
ħڵ̫Ͻ棬һʵɲ⣬ΪħڣĹƫ˱ֻħںͷʱУֻҪһ棬϶ûκԭ
𣡡
λŷҲͣ˫ֺʮɢŴȱĹâ֮ɫȥһ˵Ĺŷ
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Ƭ֮󣬾»ʳ׼ҲˣһϹԷ׼ۣԪɺԣʬˡ
ͬһʱڵģλ̫ӡϹŶ棬⼤һ֮󣬷ֱ
죬׼ʳۻųϼ߳ĬĬߵһλǰһԲ
ҶնɱϹŷӡӣȻ̫졣
ںڰв£ò
κڰϮһڵֿʱ򸶳˲صĴۡ
һ˵廹壬ڶԿ϶ǲݵĽ˹
λ׼۾ǿߵˣǴռûд۵׼۾ǰǿߡ
˿̣λ׼۾ǿһãɢѹ綼ˣǿ˫ۣ⣬Ժ򿴹
֪һǵ¹شЩ׼ǿ϶Ҫ̤·ȥһǴ¡
ϼ̨˺գ֮ؾУϵĴµϵĶ㣬˼̨̤ǰһǵ·
λ׼۾ǿһǿգǿߵսľǿǿ޷ذһҲҶ
˲δ·ϵ飬ֱ˺ǿգ˰ʱһǣ
λ׼۽һǣúܶ˶еľսȻɢ׼ѹǳʲôǿߡ
ǻһĳһеĶǿߣλ׼۵ʱ򣬸оԼ·һ΢
һǿѹʵϵ壬Ǵϵ
ϲԳӭľֱӻͼһǵϿչʾ
λ׼۽һǣܿ㴫ǿչ·˼𶯣ܶ˶ĿͶ
ǿҲ׷Ŀλ׼ͬʱһĴ¼ټϲһһλ׼һǣܲĳЩ˸е𾪺Ͳ
ˣ֪ףΪǿչ·ϵһǣɱһľӢʮ⣬޿գж࣬飬˼صĺϷΪзѹħλΪ䣬Ϊ֮Ȩƣɱ徫Ӣһͬ
ϲתͨͨⷬǿչ·ϵÿһ䣬˼𶯣ܶСл̻̣ʱ˲١
һ죬ǿչ·ǹһ쫷һ㣬̸¡
ǿչ·ºʹħҲϢһʱпѣ
ϧҶֵܣõֵܰȻ³ʵ̾Ϣħҡͷ̾
˵֣ǻǸСҪعඣ˻ʵ»ʵºȤ
С׵һûͷأ˵ˣСҲһްɣôҪعˣС˵ºһȥͬʱЦ
ͱǿˣ㵱ǶϹӰ°׹Ҷôǿɶأ˵
㣬²滳ǲ˻ʴ۵׶ˣôȫһأº
ˣͱˣǹŵӣҲ±ЦħһԴԲ
ڷӺĵ۴̩׾ȭ޶һԿ֡
ӵǿչ·ʼǾʶпĵ·ϣǱҪһӦΣգԣʼǾûзֿ
˿̣ΧһƬǽ壬ǿ޵ʬ˵ڵϣƬ򼸺챻ˡ
ûҶֵܵĿⰡ
һתϵĿ⣬һ߸̾УȲɣʹҷǳ̸
֪ǻҪǲȥѰҶֵܾͲˣƾһ˵ʵǿˣųɾŻҲزˣ޶˿գ˵
ѻ죬Ҷֵܼ࣬϶µġ
̩һţаҶƽҶΪϴأ
ǿչ·
һǣ
Уϲλ׼δ飡
ϲ̬ȼһҪȥϵǿչ·ȥѰҺ;ԮҶС
ˣ׼ʳۣΪӦҶ޸ķӡñ֪֮û֡
λ׼۴˿̷ǳŽᣬһΪӦ÷ҶΪȻѾϵ·ˣѲ֪٣Ѱң
һ룡
Ҷδϣܾˣ뽫ȻʱҲˣϲվͬһӪ
ҾӦȡᣬֲ̫ǻûһλ۵ֵܵסڰԣΪӦǸҶˣȫҪ
һֱĬ»ʳ׼Ҳˡ
ıƱ÷ǳ΢ϲͬʱĿ⿴ϡ
˿̣ľΪؼǷҪδϣҶ


1762 ҵ
ʱ·ˣ
Ĵе
˵Ŀⶼһϣ̬ȼҶ
ƺҲԾϣһʱӸ˸˵ĲϣҶ¡
ȻҶԺĵӣ磬ȴŹֻҪľӢֵȥָͱ
ϲҶԸ񣬰гǸдףһŻȵĳ֮ģⶼǷǳѵõġ
ҪǣҶˣõ˾ڵϿɣõ˾۵ĴУһõߵĴУƿ졣
Ը߾ǫ㣬ƷԶǧѵһţˣʵڿϧ
Ȼ
ڰвʵ̫ˣ
ڰ֪Ŀ֮Ǹڰʿǰ̣һһ
龰پһˣȨֻʹҶԴΪأһˣȫ飬Ϊֵõġ

ҶƺѾΪ˶֣޷ıˡ
̤ϵ·Ѿû˻ͷĿܣֻϵ·һֱȥ
ϲȻᣬҲ˵Ķʵ飬һôڰǲɱģ
뵽ѪɺʬɽĲҾҲĬˣ
գӶǷȥѰҺ;ԮҶ޸Ϣⱻ
λ׼Ͽգһ֣Դһ⣬ǵеıԴˡ
һɷƵķӡ޸ֲĲȥ֪жԶǿչ·ϵǿȫӦˡ
Ͽգһһݺᴩ壬ѹʮأһ㽫ڻ޸·ӡһ
λ׼۸ԴԼǿķ翪ٵһ㣬ǿչ·
һһҹ޸ڽȫ޸ӹһ˲ͣ
ˣҶ޷ͨع鵽ǿչ·ˣֻŹϵ·ǰУȥѰδ֪ϣ
ǿչ·˼ĺ䶯ÿߣÿǳеԭסǶ̸¡
Ȼˣ̸۰λ׼ۣҶƲģе鶼𣬿˵Ҷǵ·Ҫ
һʱ䣬Ҷִǿչ·߶֪һˡ
۱⵽һǳ죬ȴӳǿչ·ֱ񼣣
ҶȻ뿪ǿչ·ȴǿչ·˲֪˲
Ϣ磬ͬ˾޴ĺ䶯ϧֻ֮֮֮
֪Ϣ֮󣬾延£Ҷѹͷϵһɽһ㣬ɽʧˡ
ãӦˣ֮ӶɱΥͣ͸˱Ӧ
ֻ˵
˺ʯҰޱȵĵǣããˣ⻹ʲôϣܹ»
Ϲ䣬֪жǿ߽ǿ֮Ҳûг֣˱ǿ֮С
ҶӲµģһµģ
˱ž̳ӣȵģﺬš
ûҶֵܼ࣬һһȾƣԿأ
ʯҰҲȸˣĴ˵š
˵ҶϾǿҪԭ·ǲˣΪѾ·ӡӹˣܹѰҲ޷ٴλӻˡ
ֵܣҵֵܡ
ڵĹƣ޲̵ǿչ·ȥѰ
Ȼ
Ҳ֪ǲʵģһʵǽǿչ·Ҳûã߲Զ
ڶҶڸûǿչ·ϣݴϢ˵ѾһΪϵ·ҪѰҶ֪
۱ڣһµĸ¥У˫ַŴӣǿգӨߵһŵʪǰ˵塣
֪һ˫ۿնûκν㡣
Դӵ֪˴һǴϢ֮ղ跹˼
ǰܶΣǶΪÿһζ漣һΣţҲһ
ҵ֮ʱǺ䶯ǿ֮գ
ҶĴδҡţҶһܹƽԲǿ֮С
ǸŰȻӽ˱Ĺ·ܵõ컯أһȺ˵
Ƕ֪Ǳżҵһſ˵ɲͬҶ䳰ȷ˵
ͬ壬˼ҶΣѵʱֶԸ壬ΪƽǹżʲôʲôʸһӢۣ
ûǹżҺ年һǱΪ飬Ѳһˡ
ŵۺôҲдģĺЩʲôֱŵ˼Ĩڡ
Ϊ۴ˣΣѵʱ̲ҲˣȻ壬ֱڵˣ
ʲôʸȥӢۣǹȥǵ˵Щȥɣ
żҵſһ仰˵ļں䣬ǹ˼ŹżƴЩܵ˺޲ֱӽ⽴
˵ļڵѣżҵſʶԼŭֻûļβˡ
˵һǴϢ綼ˣǺжԵǸмΪ׵¡
ΨϿȥƽ˾ûһ˿̫أ˴߳ʿ֮⣬˶뵽ȥ·һһ
Ҷ뿪ʱУһЩǿÿһǳǿ
壬˵ǿչ·Ҷ֮⣬ҲһЩǿ˳ͥʵϲǶ١
ȻһУҶǲ֪ˣԴ̤ϵǿ֮·ͺǿչ·ϵһǰС
һ죬ǿգ߳һŹϣŹһĻȺɽȫǹͺͺģûС
һĹ·ҪָʲôˣӰӶûУһ䣬ʼŹѰҴͼ̨
һ·ϣǽٹܶǣЩ̨ѾҶѰɣܹ޾ǿѰҵ̨ĲϣټϰǵҲսǺܻܿǿܾá
ϣŹϵļ̨ĲҪ̫زźã
ڣѾõļ̨ˣֻҪ̨ȱʧط̫أǾѾˡ
ݣ
һڹⱩҶüȥٶ֮죬𾪣
Ҷָһһâֱӽڹ䣬ȻǾȻһֻһ߶೤󣬻ڣһ˫С۾Ѿ޹⣬üĳһָСѪһغˣ



1763 ǿ
ҶǰȥֻϮԼϸ˺ܾãһ˵ǳΣգʥ޴ڣ
˵Ҳ֪ǳΣգǲŸոս٣⵽ôһֻϮֱ˼飬˵ŹʥޣҾͲôˡΪȻ
㶮ʲô
Ҷһۣһص˵ӦǿڼӵĻдȺֻϮǵѾﵽͨڵľ磬ԲŹǿģֻܿһֻͨѡ
ɣһȺϰͬʱ²Ƭ̣ǾͻһѰ׹ˣ
ҶԲΣֿܣǷǳܡ
ŻңɲŴģһ·ϣôǿǿޣһֻӣգ
ѹûнҶĻϣһм˵
ϣȻ㻹˵ĺ׳
Ҷ΢΢һЦʼڵϿ̻Ѱɱ
ʲô˼
ͷһҶЦᵽһΣյζֱӽһԼͷһƬâ档
ʱͻȻһ˿¿ȥֻɽҰȫһ߳Ĵ˫̰Ĺâ·մӵĶһ㣬˿ûбѪס
ҵϣѻ죬˵ˡ
һߣܾһܵҶߡ
ɽҰĴҶûκλ֮ɫֱЩԼһߵʱŶˡ
ˣ
Ҷºݺһ壬˲Ѱɱһ֮ɱһӽЩȫɱˣȳѪζƬأҶͰΧ·ɱһ㡣
ЩӣϮǲ֪ôдġ
ŵĴЦһΪĲһ
˵̫ˣЩǰ̽ǵСආѣǿĻûгءҶһͷˮ
һˣЩͨѾôǿˣĳһͷʥĻǾ׶༪١
֨֨
ЩȻʵǿܼ̣ȴûпһ㣬ֻ֪ǿǰ̵ĳɱ֮Уɱֱӽɱ
˵ȺϵȫɱѪ
ǧǿɱɱΪѪ࣬ȻɱҲڿٱš
ϾҶִټ̻ɱȻһ˿άɱתϾޡ
Щǿ󺷲ηȫԼѪ֮ȥɱӲƬʱ䣬ɱѾǴ̱ǵѪ޵һ㡣
ɱڿٱĥţȻɱ˴ǿ󣬵ƺûȫֹ
ЩǿȻﵽڣ۷ľ磬ǿ󣬼ɱҲѽ䳹ĥ
ܿ죬ǾͲˣôǿǰ̣Ὣɱ󳹵ĥ𣬵Ǹʱǿɾûʲôˣֻƴһս
аˣǴ˺˲ɣȻŹûȫа󣡡
ǹ
ৣ
Ҷһ֣һֻǿץϸоЩǿһڲ
꣡
Ҷ˫âֱͷǿʶУѲʶܷõһЩõϢ
Ȼ
ʧˣͷǿʶоȻһƬ磬һЩܺɱ¾֮⣬ʲôҲûУ·һרΪɱ¾Ļһ㡣
֣ôأ
Ҷ˳˼УԲһ˵ǿǿ޶żߵǻۣŹϵǿȻûпǣôģ
Ȼڸǿµʱ򣬳ǧֻǿһڹɱ֮Уɱ
飡
һˣܲ˸ǿȵɱ¾֧ɱת̫ʱ䡣
·ŵ׹ЧӦһ㣬Ҳ׷ױɱЩǿӷƺƣҶͰûһ㡣
ǿ󣬸ɭһɺˮһǳ˸о
ˣ
һѪҶУìɢɱìɫ֮е绨˸
꣡
ҶӶìʩչ߱ǹ˲ȺɱһѪ·ֱֲ֮ӽǰǿɷɻҡ
塭
ɱ󳹵ױ̼Ͻһ粨һΧӡ
ۡ
з·½һ˶ǿڵϣ
ɱ갡
ǽѪȫˣѪɢֲѹ
޵ĵȼƶȷǳɭϣͨűܵѹԴѪѹǲ۾ʵģȫϵ
Ȼ
ѪѹȺǿ˵ûκЧЩǿûпǡ
Ҳޣǿеޣ޵ķ롣
֨֨
ǿҰ޾ƺûĲһ

ҶŭˣЩǿսǿʵ̫ˣŹƺǵϳ
ˣ
Ҷչ򷨲մûһֻǿܹչɱʥɱЩɶǿ
ҶСӣȥǰ취Źϵĺ̫ˣǸȫնɱҪǣѰͼ̨ȥУ
һϽɱһɱ⣬һҶ˵
֪Ǹ޷Ҫ˵ȥѰҼ̨ˣ
ҶҲЩˣʱ̫ɱ¾ѾЩˡ
ڣֶͣܣЩǿʵ̫ɶˣɱ֮
㲻кųǿ𣿷ЩǿҲķٿ̻һЩɱɣҾͲЩǿ޾һܹȫɱ
Ϊɱôÿ̻Ҫұ㣬̻ɱ󣡡ҶȻܾ顣
Ҷ·뵽ʲôһ͵һԴôһиˣ
оо͸Ͻʹɣֲ˶ˣ߶ʽ̫ķˡǴ
ৣ
Ҷĳһö챦ʯһ㣬ųϼľ񣬺ȻǴӵػ
Ҷתͨͨ壬ͨ춯أԪ˲䱻һ㱻ԴԴսڣתΪ
ţ߶񣬹˲ȥ
䣡
죬ֲĸһӽռ䶼յñˣƬǿ˲䱻ճ˻ҽ
ಣ
Ҷ߶ʱԤеΣգֱϽԼ˽ȥ㿪˿ֲ¡
֨֨
ǿճ˻ҽؼһɹĿζ֮Ż
ʱҶͻȻһֻ޴Ľɫͨ·̫ɵһ㣬СɽСԶĽƺָǿ
꣡
ҶУ˲һɱݺݵǽɫǿȥ
貵Ľâϵ̫ȻʧɫֲĻϢ糱ˮһƵؼ䣡




1764 

貵ľ콣â磬ɢſֲĻϢֱǽɫľ޴ǿնȥ
ɫǿȻͨޣȻԭһӰܹ˵ɵľɱ紩Խռһ㣬Ҷɱ
ֻǿĽɫǿǿɢһƵʥѹѾﵽ߾ˣ
СɽСĽɫչֳǿʵ˲ɱҶǰҲѸٱСˡ
ɭɭ˸ɭĹâֱҶʺҧȥȻûжκ޼Ǳܵɱ
ৣ
Ҷ˫䣬ɢϢоììӰֻɫȫˣܽÿһǶȡ
͡
ìâգۼֻɫľϰٵ˿ڡ
ɫѪҺʱʶûб˺ѣһɿ˳ȥнɫѪҺء
ǡ֮
ҶˣҲѪҺԶںǿеһȺȻҲͨⲻ⡣
Ѿ൱ֲˣû뵽ֻɫľȻ¡
ϰףҪˣ̶Ըǿֻ
Ҷкǳ֣סȺɧš
ֻɫľеǿ죬ֻҪնɱˣʣµǿΪ塣
Ҳ
ӦղŶϽУҲûţǿٿ̻һǴɱ
֪ʥĻûдɱǺ뿪
ǿչ·ʵ̫Σˣδ֪գÿŹ϶мǿĴڡ
üҶ䣬¼ٵ׷ǲܹλΪģӵ
ֻɫľǿɢһʥѹѾ߾һС
һȺĳӣ
ŵĴţչ³һһ̨֮У˲佫һǴɱ󲼳
䡭
Ȼһſӣʵϱ˭ڲɱֱ֮ӱ㽫ɱ󼤻ˣɱɱݺɱɱ󻯳ḥ֮̂ոǿ
֨֨
ǽɫ󿴵ɱ֮󣬼æ˼Щǿ˲ֹͣ˹糱ˮȥˡ
ৣ
ǽɫͻ˿ռƣ˲Ҷ߲Զʮ׳βһҶɨȥ˷֮
úã
ҶȻ壬һХ˫˲˳ɫɢҫ۵ĹâȽɫĽ
˫һץס˽ɫβͣݺݵڵϡ
䣡
һ죬ʯɣ̳𣬵ϱҳһ޴ӡ
ɫŭˣϣǾԵף⸽УҲûʲôܱǿ󣬽쾹Ȼһϸڵϡ
֨֨
ɫţһҶ˫֣һβȴҶУקˡ
ɫѪ쭣ٴεأѪҲ˲临ԭ
ţ
Ҷüͷֻɫǳ죬Ȼûдﵽ߾ȻԽ߾Ҫǣǲģܶص˶˲临ԭֲĵط
ʣֻɫŹϵӶĪĻ֪ʲô˹
Ҷضһβֻͣɫһ˿־Ĺâѿӵ˲ǻۣһǿֽȻͬ
ɫս̫ǿ󣬵ҲԶҶγвˣǲ㱻Կٸԭ
Ҷȡ˼νɫѪҺϸ۲֮£һе𾪵ʵЩɫѪҺ̺ǿҵ׼Ϣ
ѵȺһ׼۵ʬɣ
ҶԼ²һ
׼ۣʲô
ڴ۲׼۾ǿսƬΨһǡ
ÿһ׼۶Ƕһ޶ģҲữʬ
ܣܵ𣿡
ǽɫƺҪߵͷҶһȣֱչ׷ǲɫ֮ɫż⣬Լصۣɱɢȥ·
䣡
ɱɢ£ȴûǽɫͷ˺˳ȥ
Ǹھͳ㣡
Ҷ˫Բâգžìɫɱȥ
ʱǽɫһӵ󣬻Žϼƽɵһ㣬˸ŽĹ
㾹ôҵأѪ֮ҿԷȥ
ɫ˫Ŀ˸ɭĹâƺҶϵһ㡣
СƾҲҳ
ҶӶìûìӰǰȥ
ɫ֪һԶʯɽǿĿ£ʱʯɽϿһѨ˽ȥ
꣡
ìһâֱӽɽ̴ˣֲ֮˲佫ɽը
ɫӰ˳ȻǿᣬɱģԶ޷ɱңֻҪ㻹ƬᱻҳԵ
Եңǧ˰ɣ
ҶЦû˸вѪɫìɨƬǿڷھʵǰĲһ
ɱˣҾŹģ
ɫٴԻ˱壬ſһһɿֲ˺ҶĿͶȥ
ߣ
Ҷһߣֱȼ꣬սĻٴγ֣һվҡ
ڶסԼΣ˫ֻһѲ⣬ʥݻɱ
ˣ
һɱУߴɣɢſֲϢɱѪдһġɡ֣ɢ˼ѵ
ȥ
Ҷƴˣһ֮ɱϣͬ½һżҲ档
䣡
ɱһӽɫѹ棬һ޴ΣոļᵽϢ
ɱԿǲ֮Ҳסɱ

ܵڿʧɫɫȻˣҲִܱݣٻеҶ˽
Ȼ
Ҷİǿ޷ƣֻУϵĴһ⣬֮ż⣬صȫɱ֮С
ˣ
ɱǸѪַܵ·𱻼һɢһƴѹĥ顣

ɫֵĴУǲҲûãڴѹ£׼Ҳܱһֻѹο
ҲҰɣԸ׳ҵһ
ɫеԼڿʧҲԽ΢ֵĴУҶġ
ңŹϿйĴͼ̨ʲôطαǿģǰʲô
Ҷһ˺ü⣬ͬʱŻеĶû˵ͱˡ
УҴˣھݴ˲ԶһϿڣǳһЩѪ֮űӵģǰûȥ֪ʲô֪Ķ˵ˣܷһ·𣿡
ɫֵ˵
ʲǫ̂ˣ㻹ʲôã
ҶŭӿϵĶɱâʢ½䡣

ɫ飬˷ɻң궼ĥˣ״ʧˣ


1765 Բ
Žɫɱϵǿʱɧ໥ɱ˺ҧƺȫһ
ʱ򣬰ǵɱҲױˣ̨ըһȺǿ󱻻ըࡣ
ֻ߿ǣǿ۶ôǿ󣬶޷ǣһص󣡡
Щǿɱ档
߰ɣȥ޸̨ǰ
ҶǰȥǼæϣɲ뱻Ⱥ˵ǿΧסˣ϶ᱻеֻʣһѰ׹ǡ
ɫͷҶʶаһҪϢ֪˱Ĵͼ̨λá
˿̣Ҷɫ࣬һ·ϣûһŹϵļ̨Ǳģٶˡ
ǰѾɣ֪Ҫ·ϵ೤ʱأ
Ȼ̤ǿչ·ĿľΪĥ¼Լøǿ󣬾̤׼۾硣
ҲԸⵢ̫ʱ䣬ڵΪǧ궼⣬ܵȵ𣬵ϵȴȲҪץһʱ䣬Լʵ
ʱҶһƵľ޴ɽǰ޴ɽĽ£һڵĴ󶴣ɢ˿˿Ϣ·ͨĵظһ㣬ëȻ
һ޹⡢ޱɭֲľ޶·ŻȪ洫ɭɭ
ʲôطôо·ǵظһĪʲô֮
ǻëˣڵĴ̽ͷ̽ԡ
߰ɣļ̨棡
Ҷɢâ֮תһ֮Ϣס˼ȥ
ҲϽһֲ֮ԼڣҶһ뵽޶С
ȻһƬҶѾ޳ۣټɢĽ⣬ȴҲԿɽеľ
һͳĺã˿̸˫ۼĵĹâܹͬɽеһС
һ·ûоͷľ޴󶴸ɽ£һֱͨɽУƽ³Ŵͨȥ
ҶһƬĵعУΧһ˫˫̹ĵۣȻŹǿϳ
ŽİǼǰС
Χôǿ󣬰ʵһҪ߶ϽɱȥҶסˡ
ЩǿԻûнǣȴԱԼǿöǿֱܵĿ־壬δǡ
ȻȺǿվǸǿչ·ѾѾвҶҲýǸϾɱ
ɽвʱ׻˸Ҷ֣ƬعУǰɭɭĺǣ󲿷Ѿ࣬һ˹Ƿۡ
ҲһЩĺȻǳӲָȥϵĽ
﾿˶˰ôôĺǣ
Ǿ̾˺ܶǿߵĺǣҲǿߵĺǡ
֪ȥˣа֮ãȻкûбʱȫݻ٣ɼЩǵǰжôǿˣ̧ժǣѵصĴͨ
Ȼ
ջǿ磬ƬİӢ겻û磡
׼۵Ϣ
ڵعҶĲһ˿쳣Ȼ׼ϢȻѾǳˣڡ
ѭϢȥڵعĽһߺǣīɢŵϢ׼ϢǴߺɢģ

Ҷһ
߰׹Ƿǳأĺǣε࣬һԺɫĹһҡ
βǴһֻЫβͰĵ̣ס
Щǿ߶ǱնɱģôƴһǱ׳
ѵõûк˵ɫǳ¡
۶廹˵ﶼǹͬĵˣǿҲԸⱻｵԼ
ΪĴʣ֮ݲκξɱĶ
ǡ
ҶϽǰȻ׼ۼĺϷ˼ӡԱ߻һЩɫë
һ̣Ҷˣɫʳ׼ۼűôǿġ
׼۾ǿߵѪ⣬ÿһ綼̺ſֲķ;˵
Ѫ̺ſֲĻ֮ŨϢ
ֻɫʳѪ֮֮ܵϮѾ˱죬üѪ
ŹǿܣԶǱԼʵ
ҲֱӵŹϳ֮⣬Ҳκһǿܹǣɱˡ
ʱҶɵԲͻȻ궯ڶһ㷢ֱֲӽ׼ۼﺡ̺Ϊ֮գۼɫԲ֮С
꣡
ʧȥԴ֮׼ۼĺ˲仯Ϊ˹ǷۣʧƬС

ҶˣȻ޷Լڵ֮ɵԲֲĸо
Ȼܹ֮йô÷·һըһʱпܽը÷ǡ
е֮һ취ҲûУ޷Ƴƺʹ֮ɵľһ
֮£Ҷֻʰ黳ʼعѰҴͼ̨ĲƬ
ǽɫʶϢϵļ̨ع֮УҲΪʲôᱬ˲ҵĴսҪԭ
ܿ죬ҶͰǱѰҵ˴ļ̨Ƭƴ
Ҷʶǿһɨ̱ѰȫƬͰǿʼƴմҵ
ϼ̨ǧ飬ÿһ״СһҪƴգһ൱ֲĹ
ڰƷʦƴƻĵã
ˣҲķʱŽ̨ƴ
Ҷϲǣ˵Ĺϼ̨Ȼûȱʧƴ֮һϵļ̨ǰ
ֶΰ
ƴļ̨̲ס̾
һ̨ϣѧ˺ܶйƷĶǳ
ϢһʱҶ̤ϼ̨׼ţ̽ϵ·
ʱ򣬰վ˵ҶСӣҸоЩ·пܻͨأпͨϳԣԺ֮йɣķѾõ·ʹҲû֪´ȥ
ţ
ҶĹâƽĸҪʹ֮пܱΪ⵽˵һ׷ɱ
ȻҪԼʹ֮ˣĪԤеʲô
֪˵Ҳе·Ѳ֪˶ˣûκ˻̤·ֻҪʹ֮ɱ֮ھˡ
ô֮ڣվʲô£ЩģһЩĻҲܴﵽƽ⣬ֻкôûл
䣡
Ƭ֮ҶͰǼ˼̨ţһʧˡ




1766 
·ȾѪ㣡
Ҷ뿪ǿչ·ѾˣУǿչ·ӿֳһǿʿ
Ѫɱ¾һɳḶ́ǿߺǿ̭بŲ
ǿչ·ϲǿӸе壬Ҳ̤ͬ·ʿԵ
Ƭڵǿ嶼һԼ·;ͬ飬һ𣬸콾ײֻһЦ󣬵پۡ
ǿչ·˱ǿݴյо֮䣬մ߶֤ǧɱۡۡ˻ʴۣ»ʴ۵˶Цǿչ·ǿչ·޵֣յپۣ֮䣬һԾɵۡ
кɱһǿߣвףʮ۷壬ǿչ·һڳ
ǿҲͬǿǹСʣոɱǿչ·˾ҵ𶯣һ𣬽һˡ
ʿͬڵΪû뵽оȻһжûСʵʵжôǿ
һһ֮˵ǿǿչ·ϴʣҶҲ𽥵ǵļ䡣
ɽв˳ɧ꣬ǿչ·ϵĶǿߣȻʼչעһԶٹϡ
Ҳǿո¶ͷǣ»֮º˻ʴ֮˱еٮٮߡ
ΪӣΪԴĴѪǱʵǿǿչ·˺պ
޶̩Ҳͬ˾ޣ̩Ϊĵ۴ˣһڳɷսʽǳر
޶ƽƽرƽͣȻ֮ҲܹԽս
ħҲͬ˾ޣǵսҲնɱ۷ǿߣƴ벽߾׼ʥ
һ֣ԿԺ߾۷ǿƴǿչ·𼫴𶯣
ǺƹİԲ졢ɵǿ߲Ϊǿչ·ϵ
Щ˶ǳƣҲûг֣ЩϣЩǿǸеʧ
ϧˣҶֵûĻп϶
ħȥһħ¶ݣ̾˿
Ǹմһϵ֮ɱÿ˶õ˺ܴĻԵº˸ǻϢѹƲסԼľ磬ҪͻƵ߾ˡ
ҪôˣŬǿչ·ϣɹǵĴУҲԲ̫ãҪ˰ɣҪɵ
º˫ǵĹâ˵
°׶Ҷĸ飬ȴôģȻҲٳõԵҶԼսϣҶѾǿչ·ʧˣҪʵ
ɹǰ˺üλۣǿչ·ȻٲǿĶ֣ǱҪСӦ
ܹʸɹǿߵĶ֣ЩǿǾԲ
ഫһʱڣɹûеۣΪϣ֤ǿߵǿչ·ϣΪʧߡ
һΣպͻ·ϵĥǿ߸ǿֻܱ̭Ȼ볡

󣬺ڰ䣬ҶͰһƬطûһǴһѿݼµĹ
̫ˣ
ҶͰܹԼڵѪҺѪܱڵԼอڷڶ
ڰУȫڽ䱸̫ڰˣǹⶼɼһƬֲָ
ʱΨпɴ棬۾ʧȥã˿˿ƵĽɫâҶӶ̽˷
ҲѲӣȫ»⵽Ϯǲǵһˡ
ӻɱɫǿŹϳѾ˰ʱ⣬У˸󲻵ΣգҲ˺ܶջҶһյĹϣľԪصıԴ
һȻĹǣȴֲֻûκȫһƬֲĺ
Źϣնɱһɹɾǿߣջһ֮ģ
ν֮ģʵľ֮ˣΪľԪرԴľԪصıԴ˳Ľ
ʱٴչֳ򣬺ԿԸоķǿˣԪطĺľԪطĶ˲١
ȻԾ޷ԪطȣҶ˵һʵ
һ·սҶĪգǶҶľĴ֮ڷ²żѵİ
һΣǵ궼߹Ҷƴ߶ڽʣɱͷǿޣȻ
һ·ϣǾ˾һڵȫľ˵ȫһдġ
һΣǲûнһŹϣǳ˹Ͽյǿ֮С
ǰһźƴǳдУȴû˿ϢŨϢҶͰǶеЩ
Ǿһ磿
Ҷʡ
ûд𰸣еĴ𰸶ҪԼȥѰңųŨϢȥѰҡ
߰ɣǰǵɽǹǶûѡ񣡡
ҶڰϣǰĹ˵
ء
һǧһ㣬һâҶǰĹǡ
꣡
ոսŹϣһ֮ƿնֱҶʺֲϢÿסˡ
ৣ
ҶëȻɫĴ֮̽Լʺһʱץס֧Ǽ
ʥǿߵİ׹Ǽɵ֮˲ɱ߾ڵǿߡ
ȻҶУ֧Ǽȴѣ˹Ƿۣ
𣡡
һţҶһˡԻͷϷ˫Ĺâŵħ
@#%
ǡˡˣ˵ĻҶȴһҲͨ겨ǿ˵ʲô˼
ʲôˣôأ
·ģⴳء
Ҷ˽һϢ羿һʲô磬Բûɱ֡
㡭Ѫ壿
˸ӦҶѪʱ󾪣˺üֵ˵
ţ
Ҷһ˫Ĺâ֣޶µﾹȻû˿Ѫ̺ſֲϢＫƣ
ɱ
йâͻȻѣһȭҶֲ֮һâ
ͨʿûз£סһ֮ɺ͸ʴܹʴ˵
Ҷȴ壬ܹ֮˿ΡȻƾâԼϣ˲䱻Ͽյĺɫɵˡ
һֱ̽ӽץУ˫âʼۿ䣬ԻйϢ

˾ֵĴУݺݵ˵ȡҵļ䣬Ҳóѵģ
˵䣬˵ʶ˲ȼеļͬԼһȼճɻҽ




1767 ħ
˼ңΪ˲ҶȡԼļ䣬ԸԻ꣬ҶʲôҲò
СҶԻǳʱҶԾɽȡһֵļ䡣
ֻЩǳ鲢δ漰һЩܣֻйһģļѡ
ͨЩļ䣬ҶܹƲ羿һʲôˡ
ħ磬û࣬ûκֻһܹ棬Ǿħ壡
ǸҶɱħһǿߣѲԼĽأû뵽ͻȻٵҶ
ûнϢݳȥҶڱ¶ݡ
ҶеȵǣħϾȻ࣬ûκΨһǣħϢûκѪ
õЩϢ֮Ҷ˳˼֮У
е̫ˣħǿӵʶϢҲûôΪԼѾͨϵǿչ·ϳ
ҶСӣô죿
ǻɢâֹϢϮҶʵ
Ƚ˵ħܲһ㣬һɺĳϵ
Ҷеһ˿Űǿ뿪ˡ
һǳ磬ûκγǿ޶ûУȴźֲܶ
Ⱥɽ֣ͲïܵɭǧȴûһֲɫģȫīɫԵø죡
»䣬һɽ⣬ҶͰɽеһϪԡ
ǰϹһһ⸬֬䵽Уžɽһ˵
߷̳ӣȫ׻ݽĹʵƵģ֮
Ҿðħ壬Ƚ˵
Ҷһھƣ˾
Ҫˣϵֵ̫𣿡
һ̵ϰٽ￾⣬ž̳ӹһ˵
㲻һɣѾûпԺǿյļ̨ˣΪİΣұҪ
Ҷᶨɡ
ðɣȻѾˣҲûʲô˵ˣô죿Ϣðħ壬ҿɲ֮˵
Ǿֻʱίˣ㵽ռеıһܣû˵ʱԳŷŷ磬ʲô¿ʶҽ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˵Ϊ˱Ⱪ¶ҽòҪռаԼʵؼʱ̣һҪָæ
ʲô𣿡ǰһ
ûзԣΪҲ֪粻ʺǱЩħ巢ֵĻҪùҶ
սռУҶռи˴ƷʯһЩ޺֮ģ֮á
⣬ռлдǿ޵ʬ壬ҶԼַʶ֮Уû¸Լҡ
ҶԽռ䣬ۻݵȿƾۻ굤ɲķһ֮Уñ͵ˡ
ٳʱҶ룬ð̰ЩǾõģռԾԲʧ
ڵõ֤֮ŷĵ߳ռ䡣
ռеǸ춯ܸӦҲõİǻû
ʵǹСˣȻܻˣȴ֪ܽҶЩҩǳأԲġ
߳ռ䣬ҶתѪȫϢɢ
˿̣ħѾûκ𣬳Щʵ̫׼۾ǿߣûܹݷĿֲѪ
ৣ
Ҷ˫۱ɫȥ죡
ƬɽЩȥޣȴޣΪϵħһȫûѪֻӶ֮
𡭡
һװɽзһɵĺɫ棬ͷ˫ǣȥǵ˵еħһ
ħһͳƣܶǿĺڰﶼԳ֮ΪħħûС
Ҳħһ֣ȴħһǿ

ֻſһīĻ棬˲佫Բǧ֮ڵֲճ˻ҽ
ޡ
ɫչĵطͻȻѿһɳľӵصźɫۼף·͵һ㣬С
С
Աϵͷ޴漤ŭˣڿշͬһںɱȥ
ϣ
ɵɱնڴϣһǣȴûƿۼ׷
~
ҶһЩֲ̫ˣǴԽԽǵħҲǴ˵еİߡ
ҶɣϵĹǲҲ߹ǿչ·ôĴ˵
ϸֲܣŶꣿһꣿʮꣿһꣿ
Ȼǲܵģʷص಻һѣϵǿ֮·Ҳǧˣ궼пܡ
ԣϵĴ˵Դǿչ·ֻĶ׫ѡ
ҡҡͷ׵ЩĵͷҶһչǷԲǧûзκħ۾ӵĵط
ڼҪһݣһܹ뵽ħеݣһݱ¶Ǳɵġ
ŹϣӦ˼ɼǿϢȻ壬ǿ޶ȫͬЩϢǿȴӹɵġ
ҶתϢڿٳͨѭȻȻɢһϢ
ѾԶ֮ǰǸɽ֮ңȻԾû߳Ⱥɽԭʼ֡
̫ˣС٣൱ڰˡ
Ҷп
İ棬ӦĻŴ˿ħˣӦòڱ¶ˡ
Уǳ˺üΣ˵ˣϣֲܴʱ̫
ھҶĵȰ˵֮ڳռбչؿޡ
ϢǳŨ˵ֱһƬ֮ء
ȻĻУȻò˸̾档
ҶӡѪȥɫ΢Щ԰ףħˣ
һɽϣҶϥƬصıԴΧ֮ϼһ㽫ڡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ׽ƬصɶͱԴһص۱ġ뵤
ʱͻȻоԶϢҵĲ˫ۿؼ䣬â
ңԶ쾡ͷһڵħŮӣʮħǿ׷ᣬҪء
ţ
Ҷһվ
ûһ뵽ħеݣǾ׷ɱħŮĻȻȻ뵽ħ֮ˡ˯ͷ
Ҷ΢΢һЦչ׷ǲ˲ɽʧ紩ԽռһǱ׷ɱħŮӭȥ




1768 ϻ

ħŮҶһ˲䣬·𿴵˾һ㣬ȼϣĹâѾٶٴһء
Сģڣû˺㣡
Ҷ֮ͨǰɱħ꣬ѧħԣ¿˵
СӣҷȰٹ£ĺѿ
һ׷ɱħŮһɱڵ˵
ô۸һŮӣӶҹܶˡ
Ҷ˿Ϊ
Ϊ˴ħĴƣκηİʯһ߿غܷ硣
һҰС˵ôʲôֱɱƻǵļƻ
һħһмĿҶ˵
СӣҪҪħΪ𣿡
˷ǳû̶֣ϣԼҶӪħŮ
ϧҶ缸һ֪ȻҲ֪Ǽж
֪ҶԸҲԲˣв˺ܶ࣬Ѿ˵
ҡк񱨡
ħŮؿھҵţӿȻڣȴʧޣɢջ
ҶʶһħŮֻɫ԰ףһͷɢţ¶·Ƥ˪ѹѩһ˫ˮɫĴ۾תǡ
ȻҶûмħŮˣãǰŮħ壬ҲŮˣ
ܱǸľûиĵĿܣŮˣҾȶˣʲôֶξʹɣһšҶջĿ⣬ɨħꡣ
ţ
ҶƵĻħŮ
ħ壬һжΪأû˿Ϊһɵ˶һӴļ壬Ҷеࡣ
һɽҰСӣҲҹħ£֪ηòͷˣ
ȿڵħӼҶȻĸҺԼԣɵ伥
ϻѵΪһɽҰСܾʵ㣬˭ҲȲ㣬ڵˡ
ħӵԽҶֱӽӣŮ˵
ֱ˿̣Ҷ֪ԼȵŮϻֿϻһۡ
Ȼħ岢ûκκøУȴòϣħŮ˳ƯֶôĶ
ͨӵ겨Ҷ˽⵽νʵеĿһνʥŮʥһ
֪ϻõŮ϶ĳһٮٮߣҲܻᱻĳν
壬˵ôʲôֱɱǣᵽҪҹζ࣡
ħĹâ綾߶һ㿴Ҷϻ˵
ţ
һӣŨ֮ɳҶľնȥ
ȽҶɱĻǲ׽ϻԣҪɨϰ
Ҷδ˱ܣûκαսޣӶϾɫȭͷȥ
ۣ
ɱɵľһ㲻һ˲Ϣɢˣֲ֮籩һ㷭ڲݡ

ħǿһҽУֱӱҶһȭˣƬѪ䣬Ĺɽħһ
塭
ħôҲû뵽Լ徹ȻһɽҰСһжûͱɱˣµսֺ𺳣
ʵħʵԩʵս˵ҶܹնɱҲԲɱΪʵѾ൱۷ˡ
ԼĴ֮¡ԭΪҶһɽҰСӶѣЩΪҲԲ̫ǿԣûȫԸ
ҶΪˣȫ֡
һԴ⣬һȫԸȻ֪Ҷս㲻ȫԸܹսʤֻǽǧɱŨΪһʽһɱԺе
ˣһ֮£ɱ൱۷ħǿߣڳˡ
һ
ϻϴӲԼϣһħǿߣһжɱ֮
ҶԲ󣬵ȴ˿µսи𺳣Ըеĺ촽ųO͡
ħ¡ǲɱңȡҿܹóѣ
ϻ׷һϷʵħ˵
Ҷһɱ׷ɱǿˣд󶨣Щ˸Ͼɱ׽ȥ峤䡣
ϻСӣҪ⣬ǿϾܸϵʱ˭ҲӲˣֻħģ
ħ¡ӹת
ԼڵĴҶ嶼ɱͲǶֻ֣ܾܵʱ䣬ȼеǿ߸ϵ֮з̵Ŀܡ
ɣһĻǿˡ
ϻɱ⣬絶ݺݵħ¡նȥ
꣡
һƥһݺնħ¡ļϣѪĽħ¡һҽУٱˡ
ħǿɫ䣬ʶԼˣǰǲСʵȻ˿ֲк϶ǿ۵ʸ
һɱˣҶ۾пһ˿飬·ڿһȺûһǿ־塣
Ȼˣֺαؼأɣ
Ҷչ׷ǲһһ˲Ϣǧ׷һħǿߣ䣬ֱӽĳ࣬ƥ
ȻҶûκ似ȴΪڵķת֮⹥ܷӳֲ

һħǿҶȭ£ֱӺ䱬壬Ĩɱꡣ
ɱħ¡ν
ϻöȻȻ󣬴Ӻ󷽴
ħ壬ҶûκκøУЩֻϢȻǧ˿Ƶϵ
ҶǰĻħ¡׷ȥħ¡ȻΪߣʵǿıȴһٶȼ죬Ҷ¼ٵ׷ǲǰٶٿҲûãֻб׷ɱķݡ
Ȼ
ʱҶͻȻӦһɼǿϢڿٸϢħ¡ϵϢƣƺͬһԴ
ãӣ
ϻɫ䣬кҶһתӣٶȿ쵽˼¡
ٶٿҲܱҶ׷ǲ죬գۼ㱻ҶԽˡ
ӿֲĲҶѾжϳ˺п൱߾ǿߣ磬÷â̫¶ʵõ֮
⡭
Ҷ˿̵ٶȣϻԲСŵ˼ޣһö쵰
ˣ
ԤеԼӲħ׷ɱһ׷ϣԼؽԣһҧ峤ıˣһâһϸϸķҶϵһҶĴ¿Զȥ
أֻҪִؾͰȫˣǲ׷ǵأ;׷ϣǶ
ϻǵ˵




1769 
ԭҶֻϻΪԼ뵽ħдһʵûҪƴ
Ȼ
ڵƺѾˣǵµڿٱƽƺв׷Ĳݵ˼
ԣô֮죿ѵ׷Ҳɣ
Ӧ󷽿ٱƽϢҶһ
ৣ
ϻǻݲұ䣬ɫҰֵֽĵȼԼıԴϧ۵׷ϣҪץסҡ
ߣ
ҶЦһǾ׷ԿҵҪȼձԴʲôʱ򡣡
˵꣬Ҷٴ٣׷ǲʩչ£һ⣬ƴԽռһ㣬˲Ϣǧ
Զħħǿ߷ŭԸӣΪƾԼʵץһССϻֵȴû뵽ٶȿ쵽̬ҶֻںԻҵķݡ
໡
ħħŭȼԴħƹһħһ㣬ðնڰ
䣡
ħħǿһһ׹ɱһɱ⣬Ҷɱ
Ȼ
Ҷֲٶǰһɱʼ޷׷һԶֱľɢ֮С
ţ
ϻʶԼпܼ񵽱ˣʵǿֻǲ֪ĸ塣
ϼһﻹǿֲ
Ҷɫϵ٣٣ܹɱһ
ħһλħʵֲѷ꿹֡
ϻɫ԰ף¡
Ҷӹһ٣Ȼᱻħץȥʱ򲻹ħУĸҲ⵽вǼܾ޴ʧ
ڣܷӹһٻ֮䣬һЩϣȫˡ
𡭡
ħħ𣬽ǧɽˣһƬ̳׷ᣬϷ
ʲôôƴ۵ȼձԴ׷㣬ƺץĲһ
ҶһݣΪ൱߾ħƴʩչֽٶȣܵв
һ̺Ϊ֮κһ֮ʿ˵ȵõģϢ¶ˣħ֪ǲŻɱңϻ˵
Ϊ֮ô
Ҷڵ֮İɣ
ܾΣգԸ
ϻ׳˶ħʿ˵ջûܹܾ
ôҵǲҪҹۿһһЩ似ĻҵǺΪЧ͡Ҷ˵
ȻˣҪ˵ֻǼ似ҪһҶԸ⡣
ϻĹǣÿһ仰з飬ܹĹе
ҶʵЩԲַ޸ֻǵĿЦһӡ
䣡
̸˲䣬ǿҵĲ޾֮һ㲨ǵأӿħħٶһء
ģħʵֲ̫ˡ
ҶоǿҵΣգ
ৣ
׷ǲʩչ˼ޣ˲Ϣǧɽڽ¿ٺˣһӽħħ˦һء

ϻԾŴͣһУ˾Ȼʵȴħ缮ôأ
𡭡
󷽣ɽϱħħħ֮Уһɽؽڽ£Ҫȼˣһ׷Ҳ֪ʲô
زɣ
ҶгԾ¶һĨЦҲУȻ׷ᣬǾͳټɣ
ɲħħٶˣһĻھˡ
ɲǼ䣬ҲԼ֮ȼˣٶ˲紩Խռһ㣬˲ûӰˡ
ٶȲδӳʹ߶׷ǲٶȣѾ쵽˼ˡ
֮ͬãͬľ֮˸ʴԣκһ˵зǳǿĸʴá
󷽣ħħĿ࣬ûƢһйƤ򣬻ħͣŭⲻܣ
Ҷϻ㱼һֱϻ֮ڲͣ
ۣ
ҶһɫѪɫҰޱȣֽŶڷһɵ˵ϡ
ϵ֮ĵҲܶ࣬Ȼûевĳ̶ȣҲӦӰɣϻĵġ
û°ɣ
ϻ߹һеʵ
ǿжýȥʮԪԪҪչؼָܻҶΣŵٶ̫ˣȻһħ˦ˣⲻϳ
ֲٶô졭
ϻϵ·ദѾã²壬ܶط¶Ƥ⣬ɢǿҵջ
ȷһöɣöָ꣬ܺܿġ
ϻйâһһϺɫıȻûд򿪣ҶѾӦ̺ĴϢ
˵ʵҶĲϢһεģڵϢʹ֮ƽ˺ܶࡣ
ܿ죬ϻʹ˱һڰɽһӳҶУ·ΪϢ۶ɵһ㣬ʥࡣ
һַǳìܵĸоȴʵĸоҶȷϸܵʥࡣ
꣡
ϻһָסһƬ꣬˺Ҷǰȥ
˿ǼǲյĻϻĻɣΪû˻Ե޹ʵȥðΣվһɵˡ
Ҷֵ̰һЩĻôͲħˣħ˽ġ
лϻҶлֱ֮ӽӹ˺꣬ʼ̺֮
ҵľˣͲٺͱһˣֱӽϻþˡϻ΢Ц˵
Ŷˣһ֪˵أѵһֱ˲ɣҲ˵
ϻ·뵽ʲôһҶʵ
ҽҶ
ҶԼΪţ磬û֪Լ˵ˡ
ҶְֵҲ֪⸽ҶĴ尡ĸģϻʵ
ĸҲǣǸ¶СʦʦҶȥģԾҶͨ˶ѡ
Ҷܻ𳵣Լ
ԭǸ¶̫ˡ
ϻƺͬķˣͲҶԼˡ
Ҷľ֮ϻΪҶ粻Ļ͸һȥסЩʱΣϻ˵
ұϾֻǸɽҰˣʲôأʱðǡҶаЦƲ߳ɹˡ
ܹ֮뵽ħˣǿʼĵһ
ɹҪ۵ģҶڸô֮ڵϻ룬˳뵽ˡ
Ҷ羡ܷģڣû˻ΪģҸһúдġ
ϻһ£˵ȻҶûκμǣĶʦǼ壬ԺʲôҲиӦʣһõǼصģʱԴ似óˣпɱ뵽ѡ֮أ




1770 ħ
£ϻ֮гڴô˻ὫҶѵõ£Լ塣
ҶܹħħѾҶʵˣᣬܺúĻпܻԹľ޴ô
ⲻ֪Ҷ»ҶĴǽ˳뵽磬øҶһĻᡣ
һ·ģҶװһһ֪ӣϵѯʣõ˺ܶйħҪϢ
УҶ֪ħûκ壬ȫħ£ȴ֮ͬܹҲǺһ޶
Ҫǣħ࣬ϼûκΨһûѪ̺Ų֮
ħ֮Ѫüͬģֻǳĸʴ֮
ϻڵļⷽԲ֮ڣҲһָӴˣħȫܹͥ
ֻǼħڼǰոʵ˲ħˣҲħĿŵĽɱһҪԭ
֪Ϣ֮ҶʱһϻüҲһǿħĻҪСģԼѪ
һħ֪ħˣӵѪ壬ĺӳˡ

֪˶ãԶմһ˿գ۾͵˽ǰ
ţ
Ҷͷһһλ൱߾ڵǿߣΪڣһΪһӢаӣںͺ֮䣬۾һߡ
үүôˣ
൱߾ڵǿߵ֮ϻó׷ϲ˵
Ǽܲ˵ħȺˣǷʵ
ϻõүүѯʵ
ţǼħ𶼳ˣҿҶȣҿĻزˡϻýҶ˽һ£ҶֻӲĵͷ
ȻλħڲȴħκκøУ˵ȥκħˣ
ϻû¾ͺãû¾ͺð
аЦȿڣһУ˫аĹâ
ϻã
ϻõүүʵᵽһƵϢǳ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
ûȷ˴˵еҺǰһȡ֡ϻͷ˵
λϻǼħĽ㴦ڹ˿յӰһ޴ĺϷ֣Ʋпд˵е֣嶼ɳ˸ǰȥᡣ
ϻʱǸǵһϵȵģƾϢоҵһ֮նɱػħޣȡС
˵ҲһöûУ䵽ʦУȫƳһֿ鵤
ǵ鱦ʹҲǳǿ󣬴߷ĴϢ˲ɱԼ߳һСĶ֡
ħ˵ô̫ˣܹᴿڵ֮ħתӳϴǽʥ޼䡣
̫ˣӭؼң
ϻõүүܼΪ׼ħ𣬴ζƲɣԲûҪ󿴿
ϻùȻдˣ
ԱߣϻүүĳħЦĵĿҶһۣõ׷𣿡
ղҲѾ˵𣿴˴ζҶȣҾ޷ӹħ׷ɱ
ϻٴμ˵һľİħһۣԹ˵
˺ܲ
ϻõүү˵ͷһҶûٶ˵ʲô
ܴһλħӳΪ֣ΪҴδ˵Ĵħʵ
ҴСԶ̵ɽгԲʲôû˵ҲҶ̲˵
ԭԺҪ׶źã
ħѶ׶ĸҧúأƺָ
ȻҸմɽ߳ܶԵĶ̫Ҫ¶ֽأҶҲָ˵
˸ոռ˻棬ÿһ仰ж⣬ֻǳ֮⣬ƺûв
ϵ޼ħ䣬ħҲ̫֪үүǲҪأ֪ȫɱйܡ
ħ¶һ˿Цݡ
ţ
Ҷһݣ˶ָ뽫ҲһڣǱȰǻҪǣ
ħ˶ȻὫ´ȥģ˵ǵϹڣȥҲûãԲƤӵ»ɱǼѾǼ壬ħħ𼶵ǿߣҲԲˡ
ϻõүүҡҡͷûвɳĽ顣
ϻõȻħĻ֮ĮɨһۣҪ֪ȫնɱǲҲһնΪҲ֪֮һ

ħһͣεЦϻ˵ЦˣǼĺĵӣȻйܵģ˾ͺ˵ˡ
˵ţҶڵķһۣԼүүҶɱڡ
ħҾ㣬Ҷҵľˣκ˲öҷ飡ϻûɢɱ⣬ƺһԲϱҪһ
ˣҪˣϽȥɣ峤˻ڵأ
ħүүüԶȥ
ϻڵļħ壬һǳӴļ壬ռ㣬Ҷжϣһ弸൱ĵӵеˡ
Ҳħعϡйأħ˿ڲ̫࣬ܶطǻ̵֮ء
֮Ӱ£ϵﶼ˱죬ȫܹӦĻˣڵ޺˱ʯ
һʮԶԶؿϻǼ۾ӵĵط
һƬǳأҶǳ⣬û뵽ħ徹ȻҲǽϰߣƬǳصסħ嶨Ȼ٣па֮ڡ
ħҲȫʿкܶͨħˣλǳ£κ磬ƺǲɱġ
Ҷ˿ȥЩûκսħˣΪǲ࣬ӵ֮ＫƵһ
ЩħǿҲģ϶ҪЩͨħеӴĻħǿߡ
ҶȫţĺڰĺڰңħһˣԲŹԼôƵĴֵġ
ٽųǣҶķ֣ųǵĳǽϰ߲ĵۼƺµĺۼ
߽ųǣҶһԺУϻ򼱴ҴҵĸүүȥԼĸĸҲһ峤
ǸħɱңҸðǸħļһҵļƻ
ҶСԺе£ĬĬضơ


1771 ػ
СԺף紵ҶɳɳгŵϢ
һҪ壬ǳ£һ˺򡭡
ϻˣΪҶһż
ȻһȱֻһѣҶϸķ֮󣬺ԡ
ҪȱָǼɬŰ£ڵܱ
ϸĥĻҲܹҪĲ֮мЩźʥصζ
Ѫģ;һ˿֮ͨħûѪȻ޷򣬸޷޳ɡ
Ҫ塭ȱ̫Щ
ۿϻħ޷ĹҶ¶֮ɫȴǰϲû뵽ħȻܹӰӣӳֵ˵ħȻǧ˿Ƶϵ
ݴһλ׼սֻǺ˶ûпҪ壬δ޳ɡ
ϻǸ⣬ϾӦҶۿ似ȴһûʲôõҪ壬ҲЩΡ
޳ɣǾˣҶ
ҪģħǵĹĪҪСԱߣһ˵߿˵
޳ɣҶʵ
ûУ
һε˵
ǲ͵ˣ޷޳ɣΪҵԱҪ𣿡
ҶۣջԺǲСй¶ԼӵѪҪһ¡
Բ֪ǷҶ磬ɣһʥأɼӿһϻЩΡ
ĵطҶȵʵ
ȻУܹ֮ΪһݺӵӴ壬ЩʥصĴڣÿһʥ¶ϴ󣬾£˷֮á
һ߽͵
ԭ
ҶȻˣʿԾԪǿо£Ԫһ
úħ֣ҶڵСԺУϤ¶֮ɫѵǡɣǡ׹롯ɶʥذ
֪ϻû͸ҶǾ洫Ҫ֮ħɫһͣЦʥſȥ㿴һؼʥҲֻ϶Ϊѡһʥ
Ǿħˣ
ҶƤЦⲻЦħĻһŶš
֮ǰħҪɱԼڣתۼ̬Ⱦ˸һٰʮȴת䣬ô
ؿⶼӦõģϻãǾһˡ
ħ΢΢һЦȻҴȥˡ
úҶõϢħ峤ҪַһʥأԱϻĶ顣
ƻʼˡ
֪Ϣ֮ҶЦˡ
Ҷ֣ϲһϹսԿ°빦пܵõ벻ĺôΪȡģܶ˶ڴ⴦ʥء
ħٴγ֣Ҷ˵
ǿҪлħˣҶ˵
һʲôҺϻõ֮غܽûµʱǻȥ㣬ɲƴǰȻҺϻöġ
ħҶļһӡ
ħȥˣҶһıӰԱߵʵǴսĺر𣿡
⡭
˳һ£ħʧ˵ȷر޾Ҳ֪жȴĪˡ
ʲô
Ҷһһ⣬ĥ˺ܳʱŵҵҪʲôŹ֡
ˣȰ㻹ǲҪȥˣȥЩ˶һа̽սİأȫװȰ
İɣзִ磡
Ҷ˫˸ŵĹâǴս̶ѨҲҪȥһ
ôΣգη壬Ϊѵǿչ·ˣһϹսɣ
ٲ£ٲ°
ҡͷ֪̾ԭ˭ĵħǵĵ̣ĸԸĽﻮֳø㣬ΪǺİ뺦㰡
޳ԹΪ뺦ң
Ҷܿ뵽ϻãϻħ˫ѵΪ
㻹̫ԭ򣡡
˵ϻħħһĵһţһϻԼδİ£ϻʼûиɫĳоΣգȻ뾡㣡
ħȻĵһţΪλҪ˵ЩѵļƻΪӰ𣿡Ҷʵ
ʿ
˳ĬƬ˵
ǴϹսʲô
Ȼ֪ħҪԼҶ˿壬ҪȥǴսһ
ΪһԣԽΣյĵطԽдһɣ
Ҫȥ
˲ĿҶһۣе׽͸ˡ
Ѿ˵ǴϹսǳаţûܻ뿪ҶȻҪȥ治֪ո˵ػ֪η
ȻôõһطܴҶɢǿţƽ˵
ǺðɣǷūû㣡
̾˿ǴϹսҶ˵һ顣
˵ϹħսʱµĹսǳа죬ڰҹ˴ս˼ħս
ЩڼЩ֮󲻾ñȫΪŧˮ궼ˣʲôҲû¡
ħҲɳǿߵ飬ȴ֮ûκη֣ҪԱ
֮⴦ʥؾҲʽˣȻħһ֧֮УȴûԸȥΪǵȥ
ʲôҪȥϹս
ϻûҶľ󣬳Ծ۾һŵӡ
ϹսϹʱħսµżƣʮȥѳΪһƬĵء
ȥԹҲ֪ûһһأ
ϻüԣӵħһģǰ͹̣ͤͤ촽ˣͦ㣬һεǣɢջҶӭ
Ҹ˵߰׹㣬ʥأɱȱ𴦿һص۽֯ϻżؽ͵
ϻõĽͣҶ֪϶ħڱ󵷹ħĵһţ˵߷峤Ҳ᲻顣
ػˣҵҪǴսʲôر֮ҶЦ
ȥˣ˶ûջ񣬳Է˲⣬οȥðգ
ϻԣʵضӿ
зִ磡
Ҷδı⣬Գֻǹ۲һ£þӣᷢʲô⡣
ҵ㣬ȴ顣
ϻ̾һȡһƿݸҶ
ƿ㱻ӡˣԾŨϢɢͨʿ˵аٺһ
Ȼ
ħʿ˵ȴϵĴ֮ǵܹǵʵ֮ʣʡ
Һ
ħͻȻ֣õԲ۾




1772 
Һһ֮һҺħҲν󣬶ʿмĺôԸħʡ
ħ̰ĹâҶһĻ죬òỹҺעɣ
뵽˴Ҷ΢΢һЦֱšƿйȥ
ŨϢСԺһ۰СľӨҺ壬ɫ⣬һķҷ˱Ƕ˵ĹҶĿС
΢ζһ£ֱӾȥûʲôζ
⡭
Աߵ˼βˣϻö֪˵ʲôˣôħ䣬˶СӳҺȫЧɵãֱôˡ
Ҷ֣˵㣬Ҳ̫ʵǡ̫˷ˣ
ħԿĶۡ
ɲͨĶôһȥˣ㲻Ҳ۵ֱ£
ԱߣҲ죬ˣ͸Ի£˿˷ѡ
Ҷ磬ϽҸطҺȫԿɻָԪ
ϻÿЦһתȥˡ
СԺУ˶ɢȥˣΨз紵ҶɳɳڵͶһƬӰҶ£ĬĬת
Ϊ֮תţҲԱħκһҪ߼
˵ʵҺôأ֮ǰҲֻΪħĶѡ
Ȼ
Һȴȵķ֣ҺоȻ̺һƼ䴿֮Ϣ
Ｋط䣡
֮
Һ̺ԴķƬĹбȫˡ
ʿһرԴƿرԴḶ́رԴԽ࣬ʵԽǿبŲ
򲻿ðʧҪþҵıչ֮ؾϹսԶϾʱȥġҶ׼ǰϹսϻùΪС
İɣзִ磡
Ҷͷϻúͱħʿ֪ͬıˣ˽Ƶħܿɹ
ϻҶˣһ⣬ʱʧɽ֮С
ǲ֪
ңԶһɽϣħӭվɽ紵죬ҶԶȥӰЦ
ò˵ħʵ̫ˣʮҶŽӽϹսıԵ
ǰһƬžħƣͨʿ˵ĵطƾأǶħʿ˵ȴʥأħ
Ҷת֮ڿٳľתݣɢŵϢսȥ
վսԲǧᾹʯѿ׹ɭɭû˿Եø
ƬıԵһЩªĽһߴĳǽսΧ·𻮵ضһ㡣
Ҷ·ȥڵϣֱսȥ׼ʽӹƬʥء
ªʯͷޱȣҪ̮ˣǽϲ˸ֺۼ͸ʷĲɣ
վסʲôˣ
ƵĹϳǽϣվʮʿײìĳǰȡ
Ǵ˵صˣǰӹ⴦ս
Ҷڣͬʱһưܵǽ徹ôǿƣӴڵޱȾԶˡ
˵֮أʶٹǲһ׺ʿͷغ
ˣ
Ҷһ㶣˵ȥѵûнӵ峤𣿡
ʲôֱ˵˵ȻҪǵˣŰɣȥͨһһ˺ȵ
ţ
Ҷһյ˵أЩ˾Ȼ
ûж˵ʲôվڳ⣬ĵȴ
Ȼ
ʱȥˣȴû˳ǽϼʿȻȭϾƣ
ЩʿǱˣҪѿġ
뵽ҶЦˣЩ˲΢һеͨħѣʿ㲻ϣȻҲ˵ֱѰ·
ڿնֱսд˹ȥ˿ЩˣΨնɱǣ⴦սԼ
Ϯ켤ƣնɱֵĵˡ׺ʿС
ˣ
âһ߲ĳǽһ⣬ǽƸһƬĻֱҶɱ
ɱ빥ǵĳǳأһħģ˽
飡
ҶӶϾɫȭͷɱ⣬ǿսгȥԶƼɱҲסĽŲ
ԴѪȫ֮ļϾɫ̶̳ȴ˿û䡣
ȥħʦ̫ˣ
Ҷ쳣ͽֻɱ⣬ӲսǼʿڲˣʧغ
룬Ѿˣ
һʮħǿ߳ڳǽ֮ϣ˫âһȭҶȥ
䣡
ҶԺһǣ˿ĬĬŶԷֻĿ࣬ͷϷȻѹ꣬Ծɷǳħֵơ
Ҷ˲ˣԭħһ֧ѹЩ˳ȸһ
岻ɣ峤ͣ𣿡Ҷȵ
˵˵Ҫҿñӣ֮أ峤ҿһһ˵
ϸһ㣡
Ҷһ֣һ׹˹ȥ
Ǹ˽ӵУûпһۣˣǼٵģƣҽɱ
䣡
ǽϹâ貶Ŀһ罻֯ҶɱĴ󣬾һ˿Բµġ
յ˵ؾ£ҶŭˣЦҪԼƬսˣȻ˶ңǾͱĺˣ
ಣ
£Ҷչ׷ǲһ⣬ɱļ϶дУƽʵڱܲľһȭ顣
գۼ䣬㴩ɱ⣬ٳǽ֮ϡ
㡭
ô
ʲô
ǽһƬңЩʿôҲû뵽ܹ赲ħǿߵɱȻκβһֻħʦСʿ̫ϳˡ
Ҷɲǿǲħ壬ͳŸղǵ̬Ⱦ͸һٴˣοЩ˶ħ塣
飡
Ҷָ£ֱӽһʿĳ⽴ѪɣҲԣ
峤ֳıչ֮أҪ𣿡
Ӵȡ
ҶͲϻϾɫȭͷɽգǶֱȥ
ˣ
һڣһ׹ɭɭɢǿĲӭҶȭͷ
Ȼȴ𾪵Ըӣ޵鱦ޱȡ
ž꣡
ͱ飬Ƿۣɢڵϣӵŵŵźˣ¶˼ɫ
ҶľѾأޱȣʥܻ飬˵鱦ˡ
ž
ҶһƳȥֱӽӳúɳȥصײڳǽϣǶϽۣҲˡ
Ҫɱң
ӾִУŷӦԼһɱǣһǲˡ
һɱɣ
Ҷޱ飬ɭӵʱǿһûκʯͷһ




1773 ð
ϹսУӺЩ˵صľʿǵùˣȫҶˡ
ƾȺں֮Ҳ
ҶЦɨˣеɱǲεġ
Դ磬һֱһǿҵɱ⣬˿ڱˣɱ˸е
ð˽ģɼ
˾£ﰧҶһŭ֮»ɱǡ
ʲô˸ҵĵҰ
ʱһϵϹսгһɿֲһٷ
ˣǵþˣ
ܶ˲ԼͬһǺ˵ʵħʦ۷壬ʱпܿ뵽ȥһܹôնɱ
ǲԼ˵̫𣿡
Ҷָһָ˼ֱӽЩʿǵüĶˣ
Ҫɱң
Ҷ֣ҽٴδϡ
꣡
һƳĹǼһɱ⣬ޱȷâ䣬һ⣬նҶľ
Ĺ켣һƬģնŤˣɼٶ֮֮˾㤡
ϣ
ҶͽӭһȭڹǼϣһõĻ𻨣Ǽڰֱ׹£˫ּסһ
ꡱ
һ֧עѪ鱦ʹ˻ٵˣһعǷۡ
⡭ôǿ󣿡
ս˵ֵܵһɫɷףг˾Ĺâ
ֳΪħʦ۷徳磬ʱпͻƵ򣬶֧Ǽ޵鱦û뵽һͱ˻ٵˣǰҲֲ̫ˡ
ৣ
âһһ˳ҶǰԶòа죬֮ǰǸӼƣֵ
˿̣ˮ˵ҵĵ̣ݲҰѵΪ𣿡
ΪУˣ㻹ʸ񣡡
Ҷ˵ӽԺˣǲ֪ҪװͿҾȭͷǣ
£Ҷֱӳ˹ȥ㲻Ҫ㣬Щ˲ð
飡
ҶӶϾɫȭͷֱҹȥ֮ŭһ㣬գױȣ֮ձޱȡ
ž꣡
顭
˴󾪣ټ鱦ȻҶȭͷ£һжͽ͵ģԻмϳһƬǷۡ
ħʿһ㶼üӲʥԼ鱦Ψ˲Żʹøϡнʡ
˳״סˣǿΪԼħ𼶵ܶˡ
飡
ҶٶȺ죬һӵ˽ǰһȭ˵ϣʱѪŽݷ׷ɣľżһɳȥԶ
ˣ
˵ײ˳ǽϣˣѶദſﶯãǾ֮ɫ
һ
Ҷҡͷ˫ɱ֣
һֵ̣־ˣܹԸģʵȫһˡ
뵽ղŻֺĻҪ˼أȫɫ԰ףûһѪɫ̲סս
Ҫɱң㣬Ҫɱң
ս˵ĵܼܵҶٴԼɵþֵĺ
ûвɱɣ
Ҷһָһɱ˲䶴üģĨɱˡ
Ҹƴˣ
սĿѣս⣬˲佫Լ֮ȼˣս˫ֻɺڶҪҶһ
Ȼ
ǵ͹Ҷս˿̣ѾûˣϹսԵֻҶҲαװˡ
䣡
ʢѪһŷҶָԭʵɫѪȼյĺ¯һ㣬˫ɫ֮
㡭
ս˳׾ˣôҲû뵽ҶȻӵʢѪֱǲܵġ
䣡
Ҷһȭֲ֮һУаĿǣֱӽ˷ɻң
ħħʦ൱ʿ
սħʦ۷徳ǿߣҶȴһжӲ
ಣ
Ҷն֮󣬲ͣսȥ
⴦սǧ﷽ԲǳܶطǱս˵ķɽѣɺԣݺύ׵ѺۣÿһѺ۶׿ٲȻγһϿȡ
ƬϹսҲ֪ڶˣɴݲؼһɻϢ
ҶĸӦرԴˣħϢ
ǡϢ
Ҷһ׽һʥϢϢȫͬҸΪĵ֮Դ
۾ӵĵطԳһƬռ䣬֪ŻĻ˸޷룡
뵽壬ͻȻŮͮͮѾܾûмˣҲӦó˰ɣ֪᲻̤ǿչ·
Сӣǲ뵽ͮͮѾͷˣ
֪ʲôʱ򣬰Ǵռ߳ҶӣƲ˵
˭ģһ˷ֵĻǾֻ·ˣ֮ǰеŬͰ׷ˡҶΪαµΣŭ
ղ㶯Ѫ֮ʱôıأ﷽Բûκ˼й¶ܵġ
ǷۣһѿС˼ӡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ⴦Ϲսÿһأ⴦սеرԴ
ֻ޷ʱ棬ֻεٴλصռȥ
һ죬ҶýŲƬ嫵ĹսʱͻȻӦһǿҵĲΪʥϢϵϢȻͬ
ǡ
Ҷһչ׷ǲ򲨶ķȥسɴ磬һһ㡣
ʥϢԽԽŨˣҶԿ϶Ϣѵ˵Ƭսл˴ڲɣ
ܿ죬ҶʥϢԽԽŨϢҲͬŨ
⾿һʲôĵط
Ҷɻ󲻽⣬⴦ϹսѾķ꣬ǿ̫࣬ϢŨ֮УʥϢô£
ɻ󲻽ʱͻȻǰصľͷһ޴ĺԣʥϢͬʱƵ⴦в
ħ
ҶԾû뵽⴦ϹսоȻȾشڣΰȻγɵġ
ħѰмأʮ֮һħκʿ˵ﶼһء
ֵƷǳγɵ̫̣Ҫ޾ħͬʱѪŻγ־ء
ԭΪⲻѰмصĴ˵ѣʵвĵƣû뵽ħ磬⴦ϹսоȻֵơ
ħ޽⣬ܿؽΪŧѪһħϢɡ
ҶûпںԶĵطͣһʯͷϣʼ
ڱӵϢԣħеĻϢǵ޺ܹΪãʵ
֮ǰҲû뵽ģ˵ȫײ


1774 ħ
ƽ⣡
ħǾԵƽ⣬ʥϢͬʱƵҶͬʱת
Ͽգ֮ľ𽥱ɫɢӨ貵Ĺâһ㡣
֮ɵľҲɫɫתɢĽ⡣
֮֮ɵľһ׷γһȻͼɢ
ħе֮кܶжʣҶת£жȫų⣬ĶΪ֮
ʥϢȻͬɴ֮ɵľչһ飬ıԴ֮
Ҳ֪˶ãҶоԼ޷֮ʥ֮ˣվ뿪
ʱĵϿֶһصۣʱġµرԴҲصۡ
һصƥڵϿս֯һµͼ
֮У̥һoɢϣٲȻصĻ
ʮѨУ̥ӰҲʵ̬죬еԣеľȭ죬ÿһ̥Ӱǵ֡
ҶתѪȫɫļٴαϾɫɫ԰ף˫ɫ֮⣬ͷҲɫ
ʱ뿪ˣ
Ҷ⴦սȷʺħȴ̺ſֲɱ
Ȼˣ˵ȷʥأͬʱ֮
ʱУҶۿȱҪ壬еõ˺ܶĸ
ֻľһֱڼǻʼ޷ͻƣ֪ΪѹƻûͻƵʱ
ҲãһݣֻҪʵûͣͲǰûκεġ
սʯأظɿݣľǴսµĺۼưܡ
Ũ֮ѱˣ
ӲĴϣҶп࣬⴦ս塢干ͬԿսԶŵѪͷ­ԡѪ
ʱǨѷϵ·ħȴ·ʢ

Ҷ߳ƬսʱѾǰʱ֣ϼƻ𣬸ƬϹսһѪɫϼ£Եø
ڴʱӰƿնΪ׵һߣȻŻ󣬵һʹ˵ݡ
ţ
Ҷһ۾һɱȻӿ
⼸ħħһģûеõϢûС
Щħˣû˿øУǶԷħһˣ
ĴϣҶӰбĺܳյ󣬽еͬɱһ㡣
㾹Ȼû
ҶվǰΪ׵߳ԾŴֱͣԼ۾
ûǲǺܾȣ
Ҷƽ˵
ƽ֮صɱŬɱ⣬ԾɱЩ˸Ӧˡ
Ӣֵأôˣɫĺȵ
ʵڿҶȻһ̣Ԥе˲ӢֵħָʹҶͼնɱڴ˵ġ
ڣҶȻӢֵܺЩʿȴһҲûмѾ˶֡
Ȼ
Ҳɻ
ҶΪħʦڶѣӢֵܵĶ֣˵ϵĳǽǿƣһħ𾳽ǿ߶ܹɱҶôģ
Ǳɱˣ
Ҷޱ˵û˿·˵һԼ޹ϵѰһ
ʲô㽫ɱˣ֪ʲôˣ
ޱȣȻѾµˣݷ׿ڳϣԾȾ
Ҳʲôˣҵĵ̣ͼ췴ȻǡҶЦ
󵨣֪ĺӢֵħ壬ɱǣػɱ֮ħ罫֮ء
ǿиɣĿš
룡
ҶһһͬԽռһ㣬˲ߵǰ̧һƳ˹ȥ
ž
һ죬ߵԴ˲䱻Ҷ鱬ˣһҽжûзǱĨɱɾ
ԴǣǴѣк³
Щ˴Уŵ˫ȶˡ
Ƕħһ˶ѣȻЩΪҶǰͲ
ۼҶüͷһ£һƱǵ죬Щĺˣһɱ˲գ۵ħһǲˡ
Һú°
ҶϷʵ˵˱ƽϾɫİ̧һһЩȫˣ
һصĲ֫⣬Ҷ̧ͷԶɽͿȥ˫ۼâֱʣ˵ȻˣɣѵҪɣ
žɽһߣһӻ亹ֱðһҲҶӹµµתƺ˼ı֮ߡ
Ҳħһһǿߣ֮󣬱ǼǵģǼٹ˽
Ȼ
û뵽ȴ𾪵һĻҶѴ֮ͽȫɱˡ
û뵽ǣش˴ӢֵҲҶնɱˡǿħʦ۷ľ磬ħ嶼ٮٮߣ
һֱҶȫɱԤеԼĴЩ׼ȻߵʱҶʱ𣬽ŵòһӡ
ৣ
ҶȣӲĵطȥƿ̶֮
Ҫ֣ҳͳ
ӱҶ壬һΪȴҲӲɸΡΡĴһ޴ʯ˳
Ҷ֣ᣬֻ·ѣ
Цıȿ޻ѿΪԼ
й򣡡
ҶЦϹսıԵشͼıһ˾Ե޹ʵĵ
ҶĲţٴ˵Ҷ֣ģʲôûʲô˵ġ
һôҶϷʵ˵

һͣɥĴͷֻ˵Ҷš
˵۸㣬ʹȫʵֻҪ֧ŰжҾͷһҶ˵
棿
Ӿһ˵Ҷӳ죬ûģ֧ŰӦܹôҲħʦ׵ľ磬ƴĻܵвܣԱӦܹġ
Ȼ˵ĻӲģ
ҶʩչȫʵĻᣡ
䣡
֪Լ᲻࣬ȼ֮ˣսһǿϢӿ
֮ǹ
һȣ˫ֽӡһǹУ˸Ĺâ̴գҶʺȥ
Ҷ˫âϸĹ۲ŶԷķӡ켣ӰȰһΣܹһǹ
ɱ
Ҳܹϣ֪ԼҶĶ֣ȫ߶֮ǹһǹâͬٻΧҶȫҪ̡



Ҷ羪еһ㣬ǹâߣӵǹʼ޷
ÿһΣҶǹâһ˲ܿնգʵȴ࣬²˿ң




1775 Ů
תۼ䣬ʮйȥˣǹâҶ½Ƕû
ʮйȥˣǹâ죬֮籡ݲеһƬǽ塣
ͬ;
ӱһǹһ䣬ʩչƴؾȫһֻɱеĴ򷨡
κҶ죬ȫԸԾ޷ҶֺÿһζˣȴһӰ
ôôǿ
ԽԽľ·𿴲͸Ҷǳˣսڣֻ״ħһƴ
ԷȴһеӣмܶмܣȫǿٶȺ㻯Ĺơ
˫ʵʵ̫ˣһҶչһҲӲ
֪ǣҶ֮ˣȫ֣ͨ
Ҷ磬˫۱ǿâĬĬĹ켣֮з
ʮйȥˣҶȻδܹ˳ʩչҼܹʩչûķҲܷӳӦе
Ȼ
Ҷȴӵ粻Ϊ֪һʥݻܹȫķӳ
ýˣ
ҶĮӵĶ
һֻ̣еһʹ˲ķ˳ȥѷεϢͬһ㣬ڵľȫݻˡ

ӲҽһſһƬźѪĲ࣬ɢ֮˶飬ۿˡ
Ҷ磬飡
Ҷ׼ɱ֣ӻеʱһȻʴ
ţ
ҶѪ£һӰշ˵ظɽ壬ΡΡǣϸӯӯһգһͷ纣еĲһ㡣
Ůħϻã˿̵һ˫㣬ͬӱڻ߳Ķػͷһ㡣
ȻҶ˸־ɫŮͻݶׯܰͯ糿ɫ飬鶯°׹ȻЩŮϻȴȱȻķ顣
ϻþǻĻˮŮһλΪｭɽ
ϻ
ϻõӶʱ·һ㣬ɤӺΨҶһŭ֮²ϻõ棬е
Ҷ֮ǰܹĽߵ˻оͲѿҶȫǸ˼ɵһŭ˭̻Լ
Ҷ磬Сõϣһɣ
ҶǰϻÿҲһۣҶ˵
ǰػģҪңΪʲôҪ
ҶüӱȻħһġ
⴦Ϲսһĵ̣һ֮⣬˲⵽
ôǱϾħĵϵһҶдҪһʶ𣿡
ϻȻҲħһſϾͬͬ壬̼Ҷ
ðɣ
Ҷһ£յ˵ͷɨһۣĺȵɣԺҪټ㣬˳ҴħٸұСҵĻұն
ɴ⣬һȳһյ뿪ˡ
ȻҶûɱ֮飬ȥûʮʱ븴ԭָܻ֮ܲǰ۷״̬δ֪
˵ⱲǷˣĴԵ޸ľ֮ˣּ̫СˣСԺԲơ
ôˣ
Զ֮ҶӭŲڵϣְһݲݣϻʵ
ӭ
ϻùһ֣ǲ㣬⴦ս̫аˣܶչصĶĪķ⣬㡭
Ҳ⣿
Ҷڵϣбؿһۣ˵
ţ
ϻõͷˣ˵ҵľˣһûüȴ£Ѱ
ħҲȫǻ˰
Ҷ˼⣬ϻõϵζĵԼ
İɣӲĺܣˣҶ뿪Ц˵
㲻ȥˣѾ˵⻻һʥءϻ˵
ô鷳˰ɣҲûʲô⣬ĻҲͦõģֻһֻħ޶ûУԵĶ⡣Ҷ˵
ʱһֱǳԵǿ޵⣬һ·սջ˴ǿ޵ʬ壬㹻Ϻüġ
㲻ƴˣʵڲģϻ۲תʮ㡣
⣬Ҹ㣬һؼɣ֮ǰӭʽûУһϡ
ϻýԼ粨˰˳Ҷǰ
ŴϻɢĶջҶûܿסԼѪ¶æ۹۱ǱǹģǿԼ侲
콥ĺˣǻԵ㣬Զħ޵˻ʾĲпǿʳĴַ
Ҷ磬֪ΪʲôҾ˺ܲһ
ϻõĽط磬ƻãԿܵջ
˵ֻҪǸֵסŮͶ󻶵ջ󣬸οҶǴ֮ͱͨǿ˿ֱ̣һ־޴Ŀ顣
һ˲䣬ҶԺܰݣŬԼ˵ﲻһ
Ҷ磬˶ǳҵŶҴڵģΨ㲻ǣҾԼϲˡ
ϻգųĽëв·˴ĵŮȻ֮дż崿
ҶпԼ֪
ջҪԾܿסǿҵĳ嶯־˵һĿĥ
һҹҶ˵һĿ飬־ɽ𣬺ҡſο顣
ڶһ磬ϻô˯˯ۣһ·ӻóһֻƿ浹ˮϴһ
Ҷͼˣץץͷһ·׼ˡ
ʱʱ䣬ҪȥȻҲҪǳ̲С
ȻϻȴûмŶڸɽдһֻħޣľˮϴɾ֮󣬴һħտ
Թ֮ϻźһзɳһ˽ε̨̻Ź׾ķģ˸žӨĹ
ǡ
ҶһⲻǴ̨
ȻĴ̨Ѿ˺ܴĲͬԾܹдеĹϵ
ִ̨δؾȷԹãĴ̨ӦǴֹϵ̨ݻġ
ɣǻؼң
ϻ΢Цŵ̨Ҷ֣һͬվ̨֮ϡ
ˣ
ѿҶϻ˴ԭʧնȥ
ħľ۾ӵ̸ʲôɽˮ㣬֮أϢŨħ˵ѾһضˣסĻж档
г֮⣬󲿷˶ϵĳǳоס
ഫڼңԶĻĹ֮ǰһƬɽˮ㣬콵𣬵ӿȪ
Ȼһ֮սʹˣ缸ˡ
ħһеģܶϵĹһ˿˿ӰӣڱѾȫͬˡ
˵ʲô˵һ飡
һľԺУħɫĿŹԼǰһˣĲš
ģħүӢֵܺɳȥȫˣǱǸҶĸɱģϻ飬ҿҲĶ֣
ǰĺȻǴҶȭ½ҼһǸӣµ˵
ҶģƲ壬û㣬ûң
ħһӢаŤˣҧгݵķĵ
ڴʱͻȻӦһɿռĲ˺ջˣ
ৣ
ħһͷײϷķ߿գĿռ䲨ķȥ




1776 Ը
ϼУħȻҪʵķһĻ
ϻҶĸ첲ħһղ飬峤סĸߴȥ
ϻһҸЦݣһŷѾϵҶ˵ˡ

ħʹıԼԴ˫б׹⡣
ҶģҵţһҪϻǰɨأҪңҶ̫ˣҪҵУΪΪ¼ū
ħҧгݵİԷġ
һУҶ֪Ҳ˳ݶħȴδ⣡
ħͲΪ塪ħĲ۵ԼĻͶԷѣ
ħ۷ѣȻһѾٮٮˣûзҶ
糬ԽԼĹŻӶնɱѪĻŻӱһͨħеһǿ̫ˡ
ۿҶԼһۣħը˷Ρ
ӣӣ
ħסĳǳرԵ״Ҷϻ˽˳Źϵĵ·ȥ
һǣҶ͸оһֵϢųдŵƽʣܶħĴСӿϽͷ·ڹʲôرĽһ
ôôְΧֵĳҶʵ
㻹ǵժ𣿡ϻ˸ӣЦҶʵ
ȻǵãĪѿ˲ɣҶ˵
Ĭ
ϻڿڶЦ֦ҲǰһԱɽ弸Ҫ·ֵģɢ˵
ģҵ̫үүҲħ̫ϳϣԸҩϳһ¯Һ̶ܹȵĸʿʣܹᴿǵ֮ǵ֮ӴΪףش˾ٰһμشۻᣬ鱦Һͷ⡣
ϻҶϸһ飬ҶŻȻ򣬿ӱҺѳɣħƾ˵ȱҺһһʵһ¥ħ˵Ȼһش顣
˵ЦſĽֵǰţͻȻǰһɧңһĿվڽģסǵǰ·
ȫʲôΪҪסǵĵ·
ϻüͷɫ˲ʵ
ϻ
ȫϻ񣬶ĿҶϣ˵Ǽľۻᣬһˣʲôʸ룬뿪ѵķϣҲɱ
ҶЦˣϻ˵ǵ˲ôӭҰһǱˣǣ
ҶԵȣ
ҶҪߣϻöʱˣȫ˵Ҷҵľˣ嶼дûʸμξۻĻǾûʸˣٲ֪ôҲ֮ͬ顣
˵䣬ϻûɢǿϢһɱΪҶԲϧͬ˷Ŀ
ϻðֻǡһˣҪμǵľۻᣬӦʵ˵ùȥսҵĻҾͳʸ񣬷ȥ
ȫǳǿƣȻϴʵȴҶҵһҪֲɵľأ򼴱ϻõĸܹμħξۻᣬҲᱻΪûʲôʵϻõѡ
ȷҪҶս
ϻЦˣ˲֪Ҷʵȴ֪ġ
ռҶʱҶһɱħһǿħʦȫȻһٮٮߣǳǿ󣬵ǺҶȴԾɲ
Ȼһض˵ĻǾ͸ûʸμξۻˡ
ȫ֪Լһɷǣɲ֪˵
Ҷ磬ְɣݺݵĽѵһ٣֪ˣĵϻ΢ЦҶ˵
Ҳ֡
Ҷҡҡͷδȫսϻø졣
Ϊʲô
Ϊ²СĻɱҲΪѡҶ˵
ÿСӣҾվôɱҵġ
ȫ֪˵ɱңұ֤û˻鷳ˡ
ϻüͷһҶ˵Ҷ磬ְɣԼԹ㣬һ֤ġ
ûϻ֤ⳡսԸԹԡ
ȫĿҶһۣ˵
ҶԽǲӦսԽΪҶҲܵı¸һЩսʵǿԽֺ
ȫ⺢ӣԽԽˣǴ֮
Զһ¥ϣħڴǰעŽֵϷһĻһĿʨһҡͷ˵
ҶСһﲻ򵥣ڹʾԼŭȫһ֣ȫȻɱ֮ҪҪָԤһ£һ˵
أˣħʤ̭ҶСһǿǱĻ£صΪһҡͷ˵
˵ĵҲеǾͿϷɣҸҸģȫԲҶСһĶ֣̬һ
һĿתĿŽֵϵҶȫͷҲص˵
ҲŲĵأһĴûϴξͿһξˡ
͵Цһ䣬룬ߺȱ߹עŽֵϵ
ȻԸ
Ҷһ˿ıóѵĵ֮ɫͻȻ֣һȭȫؿڻȥҵȭâĻϢ
ۣ
ȫӦʱ䶼ûУ㱻Ҷһȭ࣬Ϣ˲ڱ

ȫŵĿԼؿڣҽһȻը궼ûӳϢ׸ʴ˸ɾ
⡭
Χ̲סһȫȻһǿߣȴǲɶţû뵽Ҷһжûͱɱˡ
𾪣
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһУħɫ࣬ղͨڣȫľ
һɱ൱ڵħʦʵʵںţез﷢ࡣ
ѹԼ嶼УҶļֱǿĿ¡
ѾûܹսʤҶˣȴܲһ£ãȫ֮Իᱻɱȫ̫ԸСӦĻԲܻ𺳵Ľ
ϻҲԸеСųOͣȻǵһμҶɱħʦǿߣԾɴ𺳡
꣡
𾪹ϻָһһħ˲ȼȫĲ֫ȼɻҽ
ǡ
¥ϣħ߶һۣԴӶԷп˾ϲͲš
ôϢ
塭
λͬʱ¼񵽱ˣ֮壬Ϣ䴿ѳһȻǵļ壡ѵħ壬Ҫħʢ𣿣




1777 ħʿ룡
λħߵ˷еģ
Ͼ壬жѳһħʷϣֲܹλÿһǼǿĴڡ
壬ĻҲܴﵽϣħ壬ǿսҲѣԽͱ˸ˡ
ħʵܿǾǱȦһеһֻҪܹǿߣȻᱻһȥ
Ȼ
ȴ⣬ǳ߹һ֣ȻΪĵĻܣûԱ֮ǰһֱѩš
һ˵ΨЩѪǿĴ壬ǳħʵļпܻһļʳ壬ͨмǲֵܳġ
ʣħ嶼ԳƵǼ亱ģǺúܴʣܹħĵλһأܹͶļ忹⡣
λħ߶һۣԴӱ˴˵۾п˷ܵĹâ
ǿһҪܣԲ©˿ػܵӴ죬ƾħʵ޷סһ塣
Ҷ˿֪ԼѾħλ߲ˡ
ȫʬ֮󣬺ϻһͬȥ
Ҫȥˣһȥɣˡ΢Цһ˵
ܹ֮峤һͬӼ壬ɵңһ˵
ȥȥȥٸҿñӡ
峤Цһ䣬һԭʧˡ
ţһҶʧԭأ·ûгֹһ¥ҲϰΪֲ֡
ħǳߴÿһӶҪʮ˲ܺϱüӲĺʯɣ˸Ļƣл棬иֵħޣҲġ
Եׯ£һµĲɣУħ壬ҲͬһЩϰߡ
ҶǽϷ˴Ĺ֣Ȼк壬ȴԼµħ²ǧ˿ƵϵҲ˵Ĺϵ
ϵȷ壬ȴϸīɫƬеͷ˫ǣеı˫ᣬҲеͷͷ
ħЩħȴ޶£ûѪ֮֮⣬̫ˣҲҶðħһҪԭ
ӵֻ֮ҪСĵĽѪ㲻ݱʶݡ
Ȼˣܶ似Ҳ޷ʩչˣȭɽӴӡر깲ȵȡ
Щ似ֻͨ߶
һ߶Ļݱᱩ¶ʮΣգ
һ£Σʱ̣˵ɱڣԲܶЩ似ֻ֮ܶܶͿ֮߶似
Ҳ֮ǰΪιⲻɱˣȥݶԷ似ԵʡȲҪѧһħ似
Ψˣܸõħαװȥ
Ѿܶˣһֱĺļ̨Ϣȴûκ
Ϊڵĵλ޷ӴһЩܡ
ţֻҪʱ䣬һܹ۷壬֮便ʲôĹϵ
ħǸ̥ϵǿչ·ܹͨе£Ǻпǿչ·꣬һ·ɱɹȥ
ǾСŮҶɣȻΪ
һҶ˼
̧ͷһҶԼѾ֮УǰԶһŵλλǰһٱߣͷۣһ㡣
峤ˣҵҶƽ˵
ȥϹսʲôջ𣿡Աߵ΢ЦҶʵ
ȷһʥأǳ
Ҷ仰ʵϹսħϵõĪĺô
ǾͺãҹƺżǱԸԸħ壿ħĻҿ㱣֤ԴȫбȡãϻҲ㡣͵峤ЦҶ˵
ͨħʿ˵޷ܵջԴȫбһ־뽫ǿ
лĺ⣬
ȺҶȻҲܾͷӦˡ
ã̫ˣħֵõһӰħѡεʱħ嶨һˣɴЦ˵
峤գӭҶħ壡
峤һһöϽƣԸ
ȥϢɣ
ɽϽƼ߳ȥҶħϢȥˡ
Ҷ磬ϲ㣡
ϻ˷ܵرסҶһ£Ҷò¶Ѫ
ţ
峤ĸоε
Ҷֻһ˿ѪĲ㱻ˡ
˲䣬ɫ˫âͬ͸һҶȥ
ҶһɫļԼѪڳŴϢ
˺һҲûп˿ɵúɵ˵Ҹղоһ˿ѪĲôûˣѵѪɣ
Ҷһʣ˲˶Բߡ
̾һҶϻôԼƿ˵ûиоҵƺȷһ˿Ѫ
ô£ϸ˵˵
·ͬСɣΪ峤ҲòضԴ
ľġ
Ҷͷһ׻ԣϹսз龭ļӹ˵˳
Ҷ˵Ϲս󣬶׷Ѱһ֮أŶ޾ʥϢħ˺󣬼ǿҲ̫ͣá
ΪԼɣȻ˺ܳʱȴû£ƺһĲ֪ʲô˺ܾãžǿǴ˵еѪȴҲûٿ˻
һֱȷԣղҲû˵Ȼ峤ӦˣҲûʲôơ
ⷬм٣棬ټ٣ʵʵܿͰһһ㶵ġ
ˣħδѪֻҪһ˿ѪɣѵҪħӴ𣿡
òлϲˡ
Ѫħʿ룬ħڵ壬ȴһֱûʵֹû뵽ҶϾȻˣ֣ܲ
һҪؿƿֻ֪ˣҪõĸ֪𣿡
֮ܿ侲֪·ͬСɣ˵֪Ҷ壬һ˱죬֮һ˿Ѫ»᲻ϧһдġ
ǸʱħԲôǿ˵бסҶԣܾԵΪҪˡ
ϻŮĻڶɱڵˣһ֪һݰȫ
ħ۾ӵĳǳдŵƽʣ죬ϵķǸҫۣƮžζ
λͬۻĻᣬһ¡
Ϳ峤ֵɵͬ³ǰ
㳡˲ѻȸÿ˶峤֪Ҫʲô£Զħȴпһ£Ԥе˲
Ȼ峤ǰЩڶħħоǵϻҶʽħ壡ӽҶħΪħѡ֣սħǵѡҸֺ֧

һʱ䣬׶
ҶҪսʵ֤ұǿʺΪѡȥμħǵѡΣ
峤Ļ䣬ħվڵҶսҪʵ֤Ҷʺѡ֡




1778 רβ
һʱ䣬㳡ѻȸ˵ĿⶼҶϡ
ΪħĳԱǺħʺԣһУǶġ
Ҷû֮ǰħδϣ˶˺
Ȼ
һΣҶոյͱ峤նΪѡ֣־޴˵һĸܲˣ㻻ˣͬҲܲ˵ġ
ҶҲû뵽峤ôǰһϢ
ȻڳܶħĵϵѾ֪ħ壬ѼӵĵλȴܽܵģҶֳܹǱʵضкܶ˲
峤ҲһˣûħӡƾʲôҵλãΪѡ֣Ҫսܹսңұѡֵݺ͵λħ壡
ħĿҶƵζǳԡ
ҺȾƣ
ҶƵĿȫˣǾ룬ߵ˵
Ŷã
һЦٱǣٱҲǣΪ
峤ͳ˶һۣûֹⳡսȻħʵһҶǱжǿ
ҾܾӦս
Ҷɵеļ֮ƽ˵

㳡䶯ˣ˶û뵽ħڵսҶȻûӦսѡ˱ܶս
һ˲䣬˶Ҷӡ˺ܶ࣬ħһս壬κμ壬սĻ֪УԲܱܶսġ
ҶҲͽ
Ȼܶսֱħ
ôħѡ֣
һˣͲܴħ壬ڸӦսĵûУҿʼɼһʲôã
һʱ۷׷ףһߵΪҶˣǿʵûһ޵֮ģҲ޷¡
üͷҲû뵽ҶȻѡӦսⲻһǿӦе̬
һǿ߾ӦκսΨнսȫܣյǶɾϵĵλ
Ҷ硭
ϻҲסˣãҶԸӦòκսŶԣӦսĵǶûС
Ҫ֪ħħ׷ɱʱҶû˿ӣ侲̬
ҶľܾӦսһˮ͹һʱ㳡ը˹
ܹ⴦㳡ռһϯ֮صģħĵϵԱȻ鳤ǲΥģȴûһ˿Ҷĵӡ
峤ΪһսȴܶսûʸΪħԱģ峤˼ջؾ
һòаĿҶһۣϵ
ǰ峤˼
㳡һͣʣµҲֹͻɵ̬ȣΪ峤ȻӦǾ˼ǵģǲʵľ
Ҷ
ɻĿҶãҶӦòηս˵ӦģϣҶ˵
˵ɣҶվǰǰԶ˵ҪᣬҲӦսΪˣΪͲҵĶ֡

һʯǧˣ
ҶⷬĿɿڴ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻǻҪ񣬾˵еһһŲĶ֡

ħһ㶣Ц˼һδҸģǵһͳݿҲɱģһܾĥףЩǲģ
Ǻǡ
ҶмһЦȫûнħĻϣתԼλȥ
úúãҵҪ㵽жǿ
ħŭͷ𣬶򵨱һȭֲĻ֮һбĺצҶϮȥ
ৣ
ҶȻתжž룬ֱӽȭâɵĺнھУеľһδԭ峺׵ļīɫ·һھζһ㡣
лл
Ҷһ֣еҾȫȥһĨͣһھȻǼ֮ľˮӴŨˡ
㡭
ħȻɫҶȻһƾͻɱУһ˿õԤС
ҲҲһ
˵꣬Ҷһƣħȥ
ˣ
˲󣬷·һѹһ˵ѹħȻɫ
ɱ
ħһһȭȥȼ߶ȼС
飡
飬һˮ˲âȥ
ꡭ
ħ󾪣æתԼγһɫĲϼһΧڡ
ˮ֮ˣľҲ˵ϣħȥɫøѿ
Ϊϳ˶ദƶúõһ·Ѿ©ס
һ̣ԭҶȫʧˣ
Ҷղչֳսȫǵ
Ҷ磬̫ˣ
ϻ˷ܵس˹ȥҶݺһ£һƬʪĻ䡣
䣡
һĻħоԼĶˣʡŭޡ֯һ˲ʧȥǡ
ϻõı֣˵ǼֲˣΪħ屾ûôĹأŮ˸ǿţֻҪˣˣҸˣκεطлŮ֮¡
Ҳ΢΢һЦŮɲУΪġ
ħ屾һǿߵ壬ֻҪʵͿԵõҪõһУħŮ˱ûʲôλȡȻҲ֮е¡
ֻЩԭͣ峤ıЩħĵϵǸоϻġ
ƣЩͷתˣԭΪҶǾħ̫ǿսҶȴʵжݺݴǵ
һˮƾͽħˣʵֶΣֱǰδţ

ħʧȥǣ˫۱ޱȣڶһ㣬ݺݵҶɱȥ
𣡡
ħһɽӱ޵УͷϷһ㣬԰׵Ĵצһ㡣
ҶͬһХù㳡ϲħĵϵ˫Ѫʱʧˡ
ϡ
ȭײӵﵽУǴ˵زܼķģѱݻˡ
ˣԶһЩɽͷҲƬıֽһ㣬ϱ˻
飡
Ҷ֮һ㣬ɢҫ۵âһȭâ죬ֱӽħȭͷˡ
񱩵֮ǿҵĸʴԣħС۸ʴˮ͵ĳζ

ħˣֽ̧Լұն׳ʿĹϡ
Ȼ
ҶУôûãΪ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
Ҷ籡ŴϢÿһȭʯ쾪ܴϡ
䣡
϶ҫ۵ĹâֻܿųҵĹâھҵײ޷νֵġ
Ψһǿ߲ǿǵĶ
𾪵ԸӣԭΪҶһѧ似˿̿ҶһŰֽȫԼĴ֮ѹħ
ţ
޷Ҷѧϰ˸似Ļսﵽֵز




1779 鵽
䣡
һΰĴɽҶһָ˲飬̳
ˣ
ħתͨϵұ˫ֽӡһӡҶѹ¡
Ҷ¹âһһƬģ縡֣ӡµһ˲䣬ǧɣܹɱһ
䣡
һ죬رҳһĴӣݺύһѺۣӡжֲˣ˾塣
޾Ԫվǿ֮໥
Ҷɫƽҹ죬ͷϷƮǹŵЦݡ
ħҧгݣؤһ㣬ƶͷɢңɫ԰һ㡣
ħͣģ
ΪħĵһţħȻвٳߣһЩй֮ħŮǼ֧
һʱ䣬㳡ΧȫǸħʹģ֮£ΪҶźȴ޼
ΨϻüҶԲܵģΪ֪Ҷʵжֲ
ڣ˵ıħ·磬ûҶĴݺ͵
ҶģǿһҪ㣬ħһ㹻ˣҪ㡣ħҧгݵ˵
²˵ɣҶĮӦ
ħŴǹ˼ħħĵλɱˣԲУʧֽնɱĻħϲ˵ʲô϶ġ
赶ɱ˲õķҶʱһѰҺʵĻ
ߣ
ħһΪǿȻӮ㣬ǣɱ㻹ûġ
ţΰɣܿξͻģʱ䲻ˣҶĴ
ϱıս֮
ǿսơ伫ʽԵòôҪˣΪ磬һ似ܷӵЧѾˣǼǿ似ȡ
ҶģҾʶһʲôŽħ
ħŤһȵӡɣħնɱǿУ
䡭
һ˲䣬ħڷ·ʲôֲĶһɢޱħ·һħһ㡣
ħס֣
󾪣ڵӡܹݵķӳһħԽնɱ֡
ħľԭͱҶߣƴĵƣҶмܣǽҶɱĻɾҪڵϵɱˡ
ħ磬ΨһһһѪҶֵ޿ɹȥֵãʧ
Ȼ
˵仰ʱѾˣѾչ˹ħϯأȻܹҶ׷ǲƵҶֻܺӲƴ
ˣ
ħһûգÿһռ䣬һӽҶ档
Ҷ˫âѵĳ֣˫ֽӡһ˺ɫǹС
ʥģ֮ǰǸӵ߷ġ
꣡
һǹ֣Ҷ񣬵Ͽյ֮ɵľԴԴϵΪŴ֮
Ҷһ֣һǹâ²ݺŲ˿Ӱ졣
꣡
Ҷ߱ǹеһʽ֮߷ޱȵǹâֱӽħĴֶˡ
֮ǰӵͬʱҲϤ֮÷֮߶߱ǹջóɹ
Ҷʮ˷ܣͬʱҲãҲã֮Ҳգһߺпǻͨģ
Ҳ˵гһգп֮ܿ߶似
ʲô
ħԼ־
ôҲû뵽ҶȻܹԼصѳõľȻԼ̫ˡ
ʲô
ô
ħӡˣΪʲôܣ
һЩħĳǽܲʵشţЩЪ˹ˡ
Ҫ𣿡
ҶֳǹңңָħʺҪֻҪκ춯ǹâؽʺ
ȻҲģǿģԶǿģɱң
ħſ³һɫСӡ
ˣ
Сӭ籩ǣ˲仯һյĴ죬ɫĴɼһȻħǿߵӣҲа졣
Ҷı˲ɫĴϸоΣգһܹ˵ħ
ɱ
ħһȣ˫ִһ⣬߶죬һĹâֱ˿ռ䣬Ҷȥ

ҶһӶһȭͷݺݽЩɱˣҵĹ
Ҷ̫࣬ܶ似ãŵ޷ٽս
Ǹ似õĻħжŲˡ
ԶҪⲫУѻҶӶȭһħ⣬а˼⡣
֪ˣݹˣ
Ҷһȣɫǹһǹâħȥ
ΪҶĲԣֻǱĻԶҲսħǽ֮ľ
Ȼ
ħȻųħĵһţôױľ֮ģ
õķؾǽҶһպһٽڿˡ
ӡκβҶһʲôĹ̥
˶ˣǶԼäĿĳݣΪԼս޲ʤġ
Ȼħӡӳ˳ǿʵȴԾûսҶǸо˿־塣
Ȼǿ󣬽Դ֮˿ֲսѧϰ似Ļħ½޿֣
̾ѡ
磬һŻһĹ¶ôоĳˣ
ʶԼĴ磬峤˵
Ŷ˵˵Ŀ
Լֵһۣͬʶķʽ˵
ܼ򵥣ֻһ¶Ļѧô߼ĹȻûʲô似ƾ豾սĹȴǵһģԲǼħ
ô˼ǡ
һɣпĳţʱ⣬ʧ䣬ȥһжˣΨйΪܱ˵
ĻôǽΪԼĳԱǲЩأһָˣǱԼϳˣǸǼ鷳ˡ˵
羡ܷġ
΢΢һЦǲûȺصһ֪ģһָ˼䣬ҲֻижǱļ֪ˣҲƾħĹϹϵʱħʱˡ
˵һ䣬ŵȻˣֻһ¶͸ˣǼͬк͹УǿħıɡɱǼʢ
ţ˵ĺеô죡
ȫԼĵܵ˵ˣͷơ
磬ֻ֪֪мǲй¶ȥһħ֪ǱȻᡣѵ
İɣҲǸɵӣܵҪҵȻ֪
һȻҶһݣҶԼû뵽ģ˵ɺϵĲɺˡ
ž
ڴʱҶҲͻķһĴֺݺϣ˲ĨɱʮĻǡ
ž
ǰԲ˰ƳȥֱӽħúɳȥԶصԵڵϣˤֱۣûȥ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲǸ£ٴγħǰ
ž
ž
ž

Ҷ˵ֱӽħӸҪǮƵģϰٸӣԴҡεĸ˹һѪ

һӺҶǶһ㽫ħ˦˳ȥ
ûлش
ħ׵ñͷбһϢ޷ڡ
⡭
ͬʱħ˾ǱҶչֳǿսˣһ΢ţһֵĵܡ


1780 
㳡һƬţ·
ЩԭҶħһŵˮһ㣬г𺳣
ܶһǿ߶ˣվڹ㳡Ҷ羪κһ㲻ƽ
ħʵǷǳһܹȼһǿߵţħĵһţΪ츳ϻ
Ȼ
ħҶȴ֮ܵңҶӥץСһ㣬͡
·ǵһֹ
ħһ˸ɫޱȣ˫ۼ޺޵۶Ҷ޲̻ܽˡ
̫ˣ
һһһţһڵϣָҲԶһ£ദѣȻû֮ǣǶȴһĴ
Ҷ磬Ҿ֪һӮģ
ϻȸԾܹȥ߶ʮһȥһڡ
˿̣ҶеʱߴȻֻħʦ۷ΪսȴѾԶľ硣
ǿ£Ҷһħһ㣬˸貵Ĺâ˿ʡ
΢ЩԸк촽һ£ҶıЩȻ
ȻԿŵĵˣЩѼֲ֣ʲôҲëͷСӣħֱŵı﷽ʽЩϰߡ
˭ҶսֻҪܹսʤҾջؾá
Ҷ̫ˣԼֱӢ
˻һ㳡ϸӳĬˡ
ЦһħҶĶ֣ȥŰ
˿̣˭ҲԸȥùͷȫֳͣĬˡ
ԣ
˶ΪҶΪħѡֵѾΪ϶ʱһͳһ޳վ˵
Ӣ˵һʲô֣ѵԴħȥμħǵѡ𣿡
峤˵
ղ˵ģ˭սֻҪսʤջؾɲû˵ֻһսӢԣ˿
Ӣӣû˵ֻһսܴħμħǵѡεĻͳְɣ
üͷȡ֣ΪԼĶӱء
գӢҲûг֣峤ĸԤ£Ҷս
ҶģҶκĻҾԲŹģ峤նѡҲ⣡ӢݺݵҶв
İɣû¡
˵ţҶһָħһ֮סħơ
ȻҶҲ֪Ҫħħ㣬ħһ˺Ƥʱ
⡭ǴϢ
ܵҶڲĴޱȵϢӢһӾˡ
֪Ϊʲô˰ɣϣԼΪأҪжҶʲôСһǰ㡣ǾвӢ˵
֪ˡ
ӢɬӶٴǰװˣһζʲôҲ峤ԲҶʲôСġ
˺ˣҪ˵£ʮӴһ£ҼơǰԲӢħߡ
µӢҲ˵ʲôˣһӻ޴йƫƫҪҶʾлûг׷ϵĶӣָо
һ֮ˣȥħ˰ɣԲסҳЩҲصĻڵϵĿ¾ˡ
Ҷ׳һص֮ˡ
Щ֮ˣ󲿷ֶɱʱõģƷʻ㲻
ҶСֵܣϷˣԺںΪѣ
Ӣû뵽Ҷ˴ȣȻ͸Լһ֮ˣɵôΪж
Ҫ֪֮˶ħʿ˵Ǵ֮Ҷ۵óˣݺˬħ壬ħ綼ټ
ҶֵܣҾһ
Ӣħ֮󣬺ܶħһΧҶƣʾףء
ҶԼΪڣƵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲٣ѵͷԡ
һֱҹ㳡ϵ˲ɢȥҶصԼסСԺתƳϸĥ
Ҫ볤ʱ棬ҪľǣʱѪһ첻Сľͻᱩ¶
Ȼһ˿ѪѾ峤֪ˣǱ¶ʢѪվһ鷳¡
գҶ뵽һĺð취صӡԼѪֻһ˿Ѫôˡ
뵽Ҷصۣһص۷·һ㣬ص֣
ܿ죬Ҷһص۽֯ŷӡԼѪͷ׽⿪ӡ
~
һ֮ҶһǿɨһСԺΧ˺üԼħǿߵĴڣɵ΢΢һЦ
ǷǳģȻλħѡ֣صԾɶЩġ
Ҷνֱڴ˯ȥˣЩҪǿˣͲᱻ֡
һ죬ħ嶼ڿжȹģھȴûзɡ
ΪҶĵħĴϾҺһᴿҶͼеǷãǵʵǵʡ
ԣЩ죬ħʥɽ˱ǣһĲʥɽ
ԽǵؼʱħԽǽţȻԲʧܣȴᡣ
ҺܹħʿʣΪǱؽû˻᲻ġ
ħ壬ͺħ崦ڶϵ֪ǻŽмˡ
УϻһֱҶߣһΪħħһЩ˵Ҳһá
ĺܺãҶܹϻýΪħµĻôħһ
Ҷϻõɶ¯ϧһҪεؽҶħһ
ͨϻõĽܣҶħһЩ˽⣬ħȻ㲻ħĹ壬ҲһӴļ塣
ǵԶǿգ˺պնɱ壬һλǿߵͷΪսƷһƱ
ЩйħʷҶЩƲסԼɱֱħɱһ
ʣħ϶ɹǵǿսոʱ˺ܴĴˡ
ͬħҲԶնɱ飬˵죬˫մѪĹ֡
˵˵νѡʲôɣ
ҶйħġԻʷת仰
ħкܶ壬ÿһʱжһܳţħǴԼļѡΣǰʮܹõϲӣصڵļҲΪ׳˽ܳ˲Ŷõϵҫܹȸıеĵλ
ϻñҶһֻ첲һһҶ⡣
ϻõĽҶħҲ൱˽⣬ħƺһ޴һħС
ڸ߲λиǿĴڣħˣΨʵͻٮٮ߲ʸһ磬Ϊϵˡ
ħϻþͲˣϾᣬΪһƫԶļ壬Ҳûʸ˽⵽Ϣ
Ϯӭа
ҶϻɽС·ϱ߱ĵʱͻȻһԤ
ţԤħҳһƬǿڿնԶշȥ
ȻˣߣҶ磬ȥ
ϻɫһ䣬˲ǧĵħŮΪɱŮɲ




1781 춨λ
Զգ
ѹѹһƬȫǿʿں֮Уòȴһɱڡ
Ҷϻ˸ϵʱħǿѾǿнսһնս
֮ݺᣬʱ˲ҽ׹ȥˤࡣ
Щħһֱڸ߶Ƚ䱸ţ֪ħԲʹưոݣһҺ
Ȼ͵ȵˣħǿߴģ֣Ҫһħ壬Һ
ȻħҲǳصģзħǿ߸һֱ㱻ˣ˫ڸ߿չɱ
䣡
ħһǿ߻ħһȭħһǿߴڿС
з·һѪ֮һ㣬ҵϢ
ħ壬̫ˣ
ϻõʱͼˣϼսţһ֮ħǿߡ
Ҷ룬Ҳսţ壬˭սۣĿǰҪħΪݵڻ
ԣҪħħⳡ֡
ɱ죬֮ⶴأ䣬񱩵촷ۡ
ħ壬̫Ϊħ˲ɣ
ħһǿ߼ս˲Ťתս֣ħڽڰˡ
ȷֵģħҪ̣Ϊ𣿡
ħһ˵
ʵǣħ壬ħҲ֪飬Ҫǲܵģǽƽֵĺá
һħҲ˵
룬ħģ˭ҲȥҲսһ֮㵲סħǿˡ
һΣħħûΪҪڼأñ˺·ϳ
ܿ죬ħǿ߱ע⵽ҶΪնɱħǿ࣬һɱû֮
Ҷûжκ似սıڣһȭͷӲޱȣκ޷κ˺
෴Ҷһȭֱӽֵħˣǿħ
ɱһҪɱ
ħһߺš
ĸе𾪣Ҷһ˶ѣȻ˵սǼһǱڵв
Ȼ
û˺Ҷٶޱȣּǿ󣬴֮ɱһΡ
ǿħ幥Ļֱӻţħǿ߸׷ֹֻ籿ʨº
꣡
Ҷ˫âֱӽһħǿ߶ˣչ׷ǲǰһȭԷڿС
̶̼ӣҶѾѪȾս£µħǿѾλ
ϻͬǳǿɱһ㣬۵ɱȻҶҪб˺ˡ
ء
һʱ䣬ħʧʮǿߣڴ˳˵ĺŽǣ̽ԵĹ⵽˲Ұܣǲòһսˡ
һսħͬʧأʮǿߺһЩǿߡ
ħΧ·һѪ֮һȳ˱ǣŻ
еʬ弸˲֫һ̯࣬޷ֱЩԼǿߵѪˡ
֮£ֻһѻеĲ֫ȫյʱһܿħͨγɢ
ǿ䱸һһʱԤʱ׼ս
һƺ֮Ҷϻ˵ȥϴ裬Ȼȥҡ
Ҷ磬ϴɣ
ս֮ϻãָֺֻĵӣ۲ת̬ɡ
ˣԼϴġ
ҶϽܾ֮ززԼסСԺȥ
סСԺһڳȻ󣬵ȴǳˮ峺
ͨ
ҶУϴһ飬ϰ˹·ȥ
ϻþסĵطԶҶԼ֪󾿾ʲôطֻ·
˲ʱϻ߳Ҷ˸ۡ
˿̵ϻãһֵɴͦ˫֣ܹ㶹֮ͻ
һͷɫĳɢţɢžӨĹһ˫۾籦ʯһ㡣
üҴΣۺˮȶˣʹףħģǻˮŮ
Ҷ磬Һÿ𣿡
ϻתһȦҶʮǵչʾԼ˵ġ
Ҫ˵ÿ᲻ɱңҶȤ˵
ᣬһ㡣
ϻȻһЦõҶһȥ
һ·ϣܶħ˶ҶеĴкղһսҶ춨Լħĵλ
ղնɱħǿ࣬ħ˶ʱϿѡֵݡ
ʵȷħҪǿ̫ˣصĻؽʡ
ҶҲһһЦȻ壬ħ嶼ǺøȱȱҪװװӵġ
ħĺһվɽ֮ϣѰ˸ȥ
Ȼˣܹеʿ˵߶ȸ⡣
ܿ죬Ҷϻ㽵ǰĿյϣȥ
һϵĽÿһʯͷ϶иӵķģ֤̮ͬʱܹǿĹ
߽УҶϻõĴ£ŽϣĶ㣬һŰ׹ϣָһš
Ҷ˵վҶ˵Ҵ峤ֳŵħصأŴ似ȫ濪ţѡİɡ
ҶһΧǽвٵİÿһбضһħ似
ѡɣ
ҶƺЩ֪ӺδʼϻñǰҶѡʵ似
ħղطḻиħͬʱҲкܶǿ似
ϻõİ£Ҷѡһ似ħȭ
һֲȱ似ȴǳܹ޶ȵķӳʹߵʵ
ҪǣһֽսԶսԵ似ǳʺֱΪġ
棬û̫ѡ񣬶һ˵Ͳܹ࣬ѧϰľ͸ˡ
ǳҶҲ֪ѧһֺá
ڹҶǲôģΪǵĵõ֮зһϵħ
˺ܾãҶҲûѡκֻѡһײȱħȭ
һĻ峤У۵ͷ̰࣬ΪɾͲ
˼ãѾʧһؼҶϣܹؼ
ҶصԼסǱоħȭ֮зͷţﵽʳĵز
ϻÿΪһЩԵģԷˡ
һ죬ϻýӵ׵ٻ
ףңϻ˵
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ˵öʱĽӴΪҶô
ܺðͱ˺̰ܲͬͼŮźŮһģ츳ߣЩѾħȭĲˡ
ϻɫ΢ͷ˵
ҵŮһѾȫҶˣ˵ûЦ
סʵҪô˵ϻò
ˣ׵Ȼ֪ҶһѵһţһὫѡص𣿡
˵аʱ͵ħǵѡˣϣܹһʵһ¥ЩǶǳǿҪѡлһϯ֮Ǻܲ׵ġ
ףֻ˵Щɣϻý˵
СѾͷˣ
ϻõͷ֣ص˵뽫ħ۴


1782 ħ
СԺŨգֻ͸϶ڵͶһƬ߲ĹӰ
ҶڷеʯϣĬĬ͸ħȭİء
ⲿħȭȱʽûУֻжѣȴ
Ҷӣпྻ˿˿֮ӿ֮Уȴûиκ˺
ħֺѾ˺ܴĲͬÿһֶһֻŵһζ
ҶĲ׽𽥽ħȭȭˡ
˿̣оԼԼһȭܹ񷣬ȻħȭԶûȭ󣬵Ҳһּϳ˵似ˡ
ĻҶûʲôرҪΪ˿ڵ۷壬ʱпͻƵڡ
˿̣ҪĲŨԪҲ֮ǶرԴ
֮аֻԪأľˮ硢ס⣬ֻԪع硣
Ѿӵľ̺֮űԴԪ֮ȴȱ֡
ԪطĹâɣȻǲҪˣ֮Ԫرʵ˽֮ϡ
ѵҪȫԪصľȻͨ䱾ʺͷͻ𣿡Ҷ
Ҷ磬𣿡ջ𣬴Ҷ˼
Ҷվ߳䣬ûУϻʲô𣿡
ϻãֻҶһ£Թ˵ٴˣҪͱһֱӽϻþУôأ
Ҷ΢΢һЦûзϣҲûдӦǲźۼСԺеˮԴȥ
Ҷ磬ҸҸһؼϣܲ͸
ϻøҶϴʱóһҳ顣
һҳɵĽ飬貶ĿɢаϢӳյСԺɫںһ
ǡ𣿡
СԺ⣬ħԾĿСԺеâɫ˲ò԰ޱȡ
㱻ҶϵȻһ֮ˣʵҲһ硣
֮ǰпϻô߳ҴҵҶסСԺȥԤеᷢһЩ£Ҫһ
Ȼˣа뷨УΪҶѺϻ˺֮ԵˣĻĻͿԳûҶһ
Ȼû뵽ǣϻþȻһҳɵĽ飬𾪡
ΪħĵϵһĵһţȻ֪ɵĽζʲô
һҳϼصıħ
ħֺۣųħֻۣҪеĹյĻǱɡ
֮ǰҲûκνδ޳ħۣҶܹ޳ɡ
Ȼ
֪Ҷ޷޳ʧؼԾɷǳħĲ֮أƾʲôһȥ
ֻʵʸûˣǰһսҶ׽Ĵˡ
۷״̬ҶĶ֣˿̽ȥĻѿ
ϻõıܹϻǾԲվһߵġ
ΪʲôΪʲôҲʰ
ħ˵Ĺһ㣬ŭ𣬷йе벻ʡ
Ҷӹ飬Ŀϻһۣû뵽濴ʧļؼøˡ
Ҫʱ䣡
Ҷ򵥿һ飬֪ؼͬСɣҪϸ
ȻԣͷʱֱȫסΪֹϻ˵
Ҷһ𰡣ɽһģӴܹþյĻָܹ
Ҳ֪þڽеյĻôȻᱩ¶š
̺ȻӴ󣬵ܷϣһնûУܲά־ڵȫһ˵
ǰ·δ֪ļ̨ûҵ˿̾óȻжؽٲľء
ڽҶÿ춼ڲϵĸУħȭľʶϿҫһſҫ۵ǳ
˿̣Ҷʶ·Գһһ㣬ǹҫۣھѹʶġ
Ҷӣ˫âɵĽϣһϵУ·һϵķһ㡣
ħϵĽͣӦһħۣ޳֮üĽһƣһãſγһֻۣмɵ
Ȼʱȴѣһֶص֮ľҪء
ҶǾ˵ģûκָ£ƾԼ㽫ħ۵ʹ÷Ʋ˳
Ե￪ٳһصľϣ۵üλãײγħơ
һʹḶ́ҶƲ⣬ȷħ۵⣬
СԺеϢŨҲϡ㹻֮ˣΪҪ̫֮
ϻÿȴûûжͣ
Ҷ˿ڱչĽҪͷԲκδš
ԣСԺʵѾħĽ峤֮⣬˲ÿ
ۿҶħĵλԽԽȹ̣ħ޵ÿҧгݣȴһ취ҲûС
ĸȥҶԣôʣҲֻܴʣǿűսܵ衣
¹ȥˣҶ·һһ㣬һΨϢϻȷţûгʲô⡣
ҶȻѾħ壬ͲٽҶˣøȡһǱֲСħУ鳤
ţ˵еҶȻҪħȥμѡΣȻҪǼϡͷҲΪҶȻħ壬ȻҪĳħ֡
ҶɣֲΪһϾСϻý
ҶֵҲãͽҶɡ
ôһҶ־ͱҶˣȫû֪ͨˡ
ʱһ϶˷ܵ⴫峤ɹˣҺڳɹˣ
ɹˣ
˻վһϲӭȥ
ϻҲһ󼤶֪һΪһ¯Һɹˡ
µʱ䣬ķħĵرһ¯Һɹˡ
˵Ĺֵӭһݵߣȴǳ
̫үүϲ㣡
ϻһֻµĲ룬ߵǰԵ˵

߿Цһӹһ˵ϻѾͷһʱ䲻øˡ
̫үү
ϻðһۣŮЦҲ˵ֻԺҶˡ
ҺȳɣôӦһηˣһٳҺʵ
ŵΣ
˵ѾǼˣٶͲˣֻŵΣҲܹħһȫܻݡ

Ƭָ̣ҶΣʣµƽ䣬Ϊô
峤ˣ˭Ҳ
ɱڵ˵

ħη䳬ҺͬʱħҲõϢ
ħû죬ֻһ۽飬ʶҪᵽıҺҪøǿС
ҺѳɣǲٵˣһҺǾʲôҲòˡ
ħ峤ɫʼڵǿߣ׼ǿħ塣
ͬʱħҲõϢԭǶģħħʱˡ
˿̣Ҳʼڵǿߣ׼ҹѪϴħ壬ȡҺ




1783 ᱦҺ
ºɱҹ߷Ż죡
ϵĳǳؼžҹţǵ˺ҹһ˿綼ûУһܱյʯһ
ϢƬƳ֣īڱΣʧڰУӵˡ
ҹѹڹһѹƵϢѹ֣һƺʱή١
꣡
һ绮˲񷣬ųǡ
һ󲨶ӿϢķӰһصĲ߳ûһϢ
ǵĳ֣Ӱ˹ųǵΧȫںڰ֮Уû˿ɱ
ûɱ⣬ûֻѹһֳƵ
¡¡
Ƶʹڵ
ɱ
ɱ죬ɱͻȻ籡Ľ̹ǵɱ⣬һϯųǡ
䣡
һ̣ɱ纣ʮƬĽ飬Ϊ촷ۣڿµɱ£ʲô޷Բڡ
â죬ҵĹâϵһ𣬴Ƭݻ٣ڣˡ
Ϯ
ӭУ
ɱѽ
ħӦǿ߸ոշʱڿնӦսǿС
䣡
һٷŴֱӽʮֵĺ˽ȥ˻ҽ
ۣ
Ѫһ߻ӶɱֱӽħһǿնΣѪ𣬴ƬѪ
꣡
һɱգħǿ߶ҽڶ
սÿ˶ԡѪɱѪɺӣвʬӸ߿׹䡣
ħͨ˳֮꣬ݺĽ񱩵֣֮߶ûһ㻯ŧˮ
ҶڵСԺҲܵ˲оʱӷзɳڲڱ档
ħˣħƲ
һ߲סˣ˴սѣٱսеǿ߶ˡ
ûˣ֮ħ彫ԶʧΪʷ
Ц˵˿ͣɱһһ
ħȻҲ˻ˮΪħǺ۸Ĳɣ
Ҳϳ˺Լսֳɱ˭ɵþŭؽе
ٺ١
ֳɱ߻ӳһǽħ岻ֵһݱҺѣҪ󲻹ְɣ
룬ƣħǵóѵġ
չֶΣ籡ŨҵϢս׼ƴˡ
ϻҲսսħǿߣüβ䡣
Ҷվս֮⣬Թۣ֣ħǿ߲࣬ȴǾÿ˶ǳǿ
ħڶ࣬һսħ弴ܹʤҲӴһ겻
۲һҶսħ壬Կħħ塣
ô˵ħˣǣһֱԹ۵Ļƺס
ɱ
ҶŲ׷ǲһһ㣬ٳսһȭһħǿ߻ˡ
ϻߣʩչħȭ֮γɫȭâ
飡
Ҷ绢Ⱥһ㣬һ貵ȭͷ磬ɵ˲佫һħǿ߻ˣѪ䡣
ɱɱ˵
˴󾪣׷ҶȥǵĹݺᡣ
ҶӰ磬ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʱܿɱ⣬ӶȭͷһȭΧȫС
һĻϻ𾪲ѣ
Щħǿ߶ħʦǿߣȻֻħʦ۷壬Ҳһɲݺӵս
Ȼ
Ҷ£Щ˾Ȼһжû㱻ˣħȭҶսٴһء
һĻҲˣҶսܹдһǿˡ
˵أɱ죬ǧɽһӿǿֲڰиɱ˹
ս˰ȻħʧأȴһˣƴɱҲҪһ汳
ħͽħռϷ磬ųǻһƬɱǲ֫⣬Ѫζ̱ǡ
˶ҶΪս̫ǿˣϾɫȭͷħܴ飬ǿޱȡ
Ҫǣ߱ϻãħĿеħŮ
Щħͽħǿ߷·˼ѪһҪҶ߳
ЩҲзǳǿһŭһ㣬ݿ࣬ɱضȥһУʲôʲôԵֵ
Ҷ˫ֽӡһǹУԴ֮۶ɵĴɱ
ͣ
Ҷֳǹȭһ磬ڶǿ֮ݺɱ
ħȻ񣬵Ͼ˫ȭѵ֣ο۽ħ廹ħ壬ǲǵӴ壬Գ˴ս
ҲܱǴ
ɨһƬ⣬˶֣ȥ
ħ廹ҴǿҲʼȥֱնɱ˲١
һΣħ˵ԪˣͦһأںܳһʱҲѻָԪˡ
ҶѲɱΧˣЩ˺ηÿһ˶ǳǿҶ֮ء
Ҷ־ҡ
ʱҶһϤȻħħȻΪڴ˼֮ʣҲս
ȻڵѲ۷ʱڵˣұҶģԭܹӳսҲӲˡ
˿̣Ҳ˿ս֮Уħħ¡Ҳˣ˿ںһǿһΧȼ֮ҲԵֵʱп䡣
ѣħҶȣղҲҶչٶ죬ܹõľԮԼܼһ
Թ˲Ͼร
ҶɴػصĻȥħ
οԹ˲ϾħͽħʮǿΧסԼмһǿҲսţòȫԸ
꣡
ҶΧУΧȫħͽħǿߣͻȻһâ𣬲㽫ҶһѪۣ
ϣ
Ҷɫ֮ǹһɱӲһǣɱˣһħǿ߶

Ҷһȣ֮ǹʱ˱ˣչħȭ֮ǹݺŲɱʬҰѪɺӡ
ϻúҶͬɱ÷ǳңؿڱɱһһ߳ĴӣѪһ͸ˡ
ȻȴҧأһԣΪҶסԱĹ

Ҷ֪սȥϻõԼ⣬ԣϺˣϻɱ͸Χȥ
ħûôõˣ˿Ѫ죬ϱ鲼ŴСС˿ڣһѪˡ

ħ֪ԼˣһХԼ֮ˣʱڻ۷սӲһħǿߴˡ
Ȼһ̣Ҳħ¡һȭ˳ȥƿʧһ߱ʬ壬ˤڵϡ
󣡡
һ£ӵЩħǿǹ˲ϴһ
䣡
󱻼ˣһɱݺύħʹƬ򱣻ڡ
赲ǵĽŲ
ħ峤һʼ֯ǿ
Ȼ¶ʬ֮ʶħķǲܱƵģħһĵ̡
һǲܵõҺˣ
ħ峤˵
ħ峤ͷɫޱȣԭΪͻϮܹħ壬û뵽ջǹһˡ

ħ峤ͽħ峤Ƭ̣ߣȻ²ΪǾ͹ߣԺ㡣




1784 жд̣
һսħԪˣս۾ӵĹųǴ˷棬ͨڷ
ķסħأһս֮ħҪϳ׳ˡ
սħһƬƲÿһҴߵͷ
ôħ꣬ȴûܵصĴЩ塣
ܴ裬ܲ
һҪ𣡡
Ҵħ˹ͬ
ħͽħ̫˳𲻱ħ㣿
Ҷ磬Ϣ𣿡
ҶסСԺҲڴսлΪ˷棬ײپסˡ
ڽħħ峷֮һСԺУ˿̸ոϴһϵѪۣûü˹ˣϻԴƣ˸е
ûУɣ
Ҷһɾ·СԺеһ׹һ֣СԺ֨һƴˡ
Ҷ磬Һѹ
һݵϻ߽ĬĬҶ棬˵
һսܶС浽鶼սˣ˸С
仰Ҷ֪ȥӣֻܳĬԴȴĻͬʱаﻮһΪļƻ
ħ廹ħ壬ǽħ壬һͬĵطǾǲ࣬ڲѪǵѪҺ̺Ũҵ֮
ͬʱɱԣɱ¾ΪȤʱɢϢ
ӱ˵аģħĴڣκһ˵һ޴Ǳв
ԣ˸ֻ׵һߣħ峹Ϊеһ󻼡
Ȼˣƾһ˵һ㣬Ǵۣ׼۶ǣûôǿ
ֱڣûһʵеķܹ֮ս
ûеõϢ֮ǰеı̸ֽûκ塣
ܾôˣһҪħͽħ帶ۣħ廹ô㣬ǵźڣҶ˵
̸װ
ϻ̾һħԪˣܶеľӢսˣû屨ʵҲҪ̰
ѵǾ۸ɣҾͲţû㡣Ҷ˵
У
ϻǰһ·뵽ʲôһҴҵ˵˵ħͽħħ岻ͬǵʥþ޴ľӲɵģƻǵľ󣬱ǾǵϣǿԴ֣ⷽչ
̫ˣ²˳٣㸸飬ܾôˣ
ҶаϲһļƻԺγˡ
ħ֮УҴħ߲ȫڣҲƺ屨顣
Ҷϻ˾ֱ߽֮Уδκ
ϻеҶ峤նѡ֣ǶɳħκһطȨ
߽֮УҶ̸ܵһصķΧ˶һصı顣
ǵ峤ֻǲĿһۣ˵ղѾ˵ˣħͽħ岻֮ԼȻ巢սͼռ壬ǿ벻̡
ڴˣҾչ֪ħҲǺǵġڴ֮ǰǻҪһ£ǾǽҺȥеѸǿ
ȫƾ峤
Ҵĸ߲㾫Ӣͬ˵
Ҳһŭ֮ǰһսǺܶ˵úѶսˣܲǱ˷ŭ
ǺãһŵҺҶĵΣʣµڵᾫӢƽ䣬𣿡
ɨһеˣƽ˵
ȫƾ峤ҵûκͬ
֮ǰһսҶıȫѽħһԱҪһԱ
Ҷݣ˿Ѿûκ˻ˣսϱֳǿսŨϢˣħͽħˡ

ͬʱ
ǸҶľʲôͷô
ħ֮У峤
֮ǰһսҶǺͽħҲʧôǿߣҶеǿ߶λмǿС
սҶħ𾳽ǿߣǻýһЩֻħʦڵľ磬Ϊʲôǿս
ͨһЩĿҶս˵˾ʮ꣬Ϊʲôôǿս
ѵħһеţ֮ǰһֱѩأֱȲѲģ
úͷˣʼҲ벻Ȼ
ǸҶ˱彫һ޴в
ڴʱһߴϢ˽˵
棬ôˣʶǸҶˣ
漱æӭȥһʵ
ҶĻһܹϳ֮ǰ׷ɱϻõ߾ǿߣҲħΨһһħ
֮ħУΪСӣһĲٶޱȣҶ׷ϣҲغħˣ
ħħĿ䣬ܽס
ʲô
̲סһһħʦھϣȻħٶȻҪ죿һʲôĲ
ħУͬƵ龰ħɫ˸
ħǵѡѾʱˣǸ˱óȥһħȥμѡεĻûκһһĶ֣
ֻһѡħͷϣ
ıγҶжʱҶҲͬıŻٵʥأϵǵԴ
ħ壡
ҵ뷨
УҶ٩٩̸Լļƻгڳħĸ߲㶼ĿɿڴҶƲ߾ޱȣͬʱҲϵɱ֮ĸˣ
ҶļƲߺܼ򵥣ҲܾǲʵǿľӢһСӣǱľ֮󳹵׻ٵ
һҪʯȵĵرܲɣһ٣ʱǾ޷ؽġ
ħǿĸʲô
޾֮
ϵϢȻܶ࣬վкľһ죬ԣǿļδѣԾǿнΧ£γһʥء
ǽȥǶǵԴδϣ
ã¾ϻ˸ǿѡǿߣ˾Ҫɹ֪ħҲǺǵģ
ŭ֮£Ҳʧȥյ侲Ҷļƻ֮ڳ޵£ǲ˼شӦҶ顣




1785 ͻ
ڽļҶϻֽƻһͨȨ˴йħͽħϡ
˳ţҶҲ˴Ĺż
뿪ħ;
ȻѾħվȽŸﲢĹأеػصǿչ·ħǻϣǿչ·죡
Ȳͨǿչ·ĥ֤ɹӶǰѰƻ굤ҩɹƻ굤
ص򡭡
Щȴǣ
Ȼ
ͨϣҶˣ
Ϊ
֣һյ磡
뿪İ취ֻһϽ˴ߣ
֮⣬
Ͻʲôû˵
ԴˣҶһЩģĲ²⡣
Ʋ⣬ħ磬ʵһ޴ħǱϽ绿ġ󡱣ħģпܾص
һ㣬ħصͲƲͬûѪ֮ͬǿͬĲбϲɱ¾
ҶǣħﻹһЩϵĲͬǾϣħû˿𣬶ٶһЩ
ħ嵽ʲôϵ
Ҷʡ

ͬʱħһֱֵĶƽܵ͵
Ȼ
ƽ͵͵ıȴһıƻ
죬ҶħĲУĹŴĵ伮ԶӸ˽⡣
Ҷ磬ҺϽ˰ɣȡж֮ǰͻƵħʦھ硣
һ죬Ҷ纣Ĺż缢ƿʵķģѰܹ֤Լ²֤ʱϻˣһƿֱ
Ҷӹƿʮ˵ӡˣԾһŨҵϢ͸ӡ
׼ôˣжѡ𣿡
Ҷƿսڣƽʵ
ԴӾ屨֮Ҷ㽫ѡѡ齻ϻãֻ˵һ仰ҪӢеľӢжֻɹʧܡ
֪ħ徿˭ʵǿһЩ˭ǱһЩԣ½ϻòˣֻ˦ƹС
ѾˣʱԳǱӢǿߡ
ϻô
ϣҶһ߳˹ųǣֱӺգϹսȥ
ȻȷãԼЩҺĻпĻͻơ
һͻƣٽǼֲģԣκ˿١
˼ȥΨϹսͻƵĵصˣŸԪطıԴϢ
⣬ħʿ˵һħأûԸ롣
ϹսΧܴɽٵĻδܸӦõ
⼸ԭһҶѡΪͻƵصҪԭ
⼸췭ĵĹżеĵ伮أҶ֣ħеһЩǿߣͻƵʱͬҲ١
ûһܹƽͦȥȫûҷˡ
ԣñ֪˿ֲ֮оȻܹ

ɽȹսɷǳžȫޣ·һƬ֮أΨħƣӿ
ԴҶϴ뿪֮Ҳûκ֪һʥأҲûԸðΣײˡ
Ҷ˳Ľ뵽ϹսԶԶؿħֹͣ
֮ʥϢͬʱƵγһƽ쾰
ҶȫſԼѪʱһεѪϣ˲񷣬ʢѪ籼ڵĴӣϴˢľѪܡ
˿̣ҶɢʢϢħеʥϢһ޷ֱ˴ˡ
ãѪóƿеҺȫ㵹
ĵһСҺݣ˸ʹâɢʥϢƬ
Ҷֱȫȥ֮˲壬һ㽫űˡ
̿ʼϢоһаȼգƽתٶȿʮš
ѵڵƽҪˣ
ҶЩţӿȵ֮ھڳڣʱƣڵ֮ԽԽ񱩣ҲԽԽ꣬Ϣ⣬ϹսƵ
²Ҫ𣿡
Ҷǲ֮ʱĸͻȻâһϿյĴ֮ɵľ֮ɵľ忪ʼתγһ̫ͼΡ
һһףתħеʥϢϢͬʱӿ
Ƭ̣Ҷ㱻ʥϢϢ棬γһ޴ļӡ
еҶ˿ھһɱḶ́Һ̺ʥϢ̺ĸԪطײһ˿
ϲ˭ҲӲ˵Ȼ򣬶ȻͬҲطеһҪɲ֡
Ҷ˿룬ʥϢа˽ľˮ硢ס⣬Ԫط
ͨϵĸ̥ΧİԪطĽľԪطĺͻԪطģ財
ȻԾ޷ԪֹâȣԪطȣѾǺ֮ǻˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãԸԪصķԽԽͨ͸ʱڷ·ĳֽˣƱǡ
䣡
һ죬ըˣ
ţҶ̥һ㣬ϢʥϢͬʱƵ˫һƣһԨʥ˸
ͻƣ
ڸ˸Ԫط֮ͻƣƿڣĵ·ϣһ
䣡
ͻȻ٣׽ȻϹսȫ׺֮С
ÿһٶɽɽȫ˻ҽΨħɢŵâȻסٵ
Ҷݺ֮Уһ񱩵׹£һϴˢԼ
񱩵ٹȻֲҲ̺Ҷȡе
췣ȫԼ嵱ʥΪ𣬽ɾʥ
䣡
޴ĹͨأֱӺ£Ҷͷᴩ壬ı˸ɫ׵â
˿ֲ٣ħǿ߿Ǿȵ°ҽϲɡ
ֲ٣˵ҶڵʿˣϵħҲҪɫ޷ֵ
ڴĿعâУҶ߾˫֣׹룬ûκεֵ֮⡣
ôε٣ϰˣٶ˵飬һǿķ
רſ֮ģҲ֮һ֣ȻܹƵġ
ƾ췣ɼжôǿ
䣡
ŵͬʱ۷ǿҲᱻɷɻңȻҶȴ˵Ӳ
ٵϴ£ڵϢյ֮еʱȥ
١١ˮ١ž١
һȫϹսĵشȫٵĺʲôˡ
Ҷ壬Լı壬ñԵøӾӨһɢĹâ
Ȼ
Сٵ
һδУƺ춢һַ׿ʼ¡
ʥٽ£һɽһ㣬ЮȻҶϣֱӽıһˡ
һ̣ҶоԼ·һ־ʹѾܾûйˡ
ţ׽£һֱ֮ɱҪɱɳĻᡣ




1786 һ
䣡
Ǭԭ̿ϴͻȻȴ׹ɣâ纣ûϹսһ˵ĳ档
һ̼䣬׺أ裬ڳڡ
ҶٱκͬٶҪӿ񱩣ƺϲԶɳҪɱҡС
١ˮ١١١
ÿһٶ۷ǿɫ䣬߾ħ𶼺Ȼ
Ȼ
ЩٶҶ˵ǿθС˶ѣɽȹսѾһƬ󣬴۵׹ᴩء
Ҷзű仯֮ΪѪΪɲģɾʥ
оڣҪټκε۱ȭͷǿʥҪ٣ԼıʥӼ̡
ܹͽִʥĻôҪʥ
Զ׼ģǿ̶ֳȣѾʥвˣͲҪʥ
ҶһʱϹսȫٴݲеĲˣϲݺύѺۣĴɽлΪޡ
Ȼ
ҶٷǵûֹͣԽԽǿ֮ƣ׶ˡ
Ҫɱ

ҶڷȵѪϯ죬ޱȼѵĶԿ٣
ڣҲϴˣΪ֣ԼƺŭϲԣϲԷҪɱɡ
˿ֲ٣һˣھлΪҽˣҶҲ˺üΡ
ױٿֲ̫ˣ̷Ƭص־
ҪǣҶиӦһ˿۵ķ壬ħۼǿߣдۼǿͣԼĵ֮ӡ
˵ԿһͬȾĴۣҶ˿壬ǶԿһȫʢʱڵĴֻۣĵ֮ӡҲڵҶġ
ۡ
ľ׽£׷飬ѪĽÿһξѪ˸貵Ĺâ
ɵӡˣܵ˼Ĵˣ̥Ҳˡ
˵һͻƣܵصĿ飬
Ȼַûн£ҶԼҡˣоԼȥֵʣµַˡ
䣡
׽٣Ԫطףһ㣬ƬâûأݺҶ
ʱҶѾȫһ˵ˣǶڵ龰
˿̵ȫһƬѪ࣬ΨһʶŬűġ
ʱѾںˣɷ׺ԼѾѪ֮ϣֻŬһʶ𣬷ɡ
׽١ˮ׽١׽١޼׽ٽҶľѪˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãɢȥ¶˵ǻԡ
ԭҶĵطѾһƬǽ壬ֻеҽһĲûˡ
Ҷһڵȷ˼ĵزѪɻңֻһʶ
ʱˮǻԷ·ܵĳӵһҶԭĵطʶȥ
ǻԵ£ҶԭѾɿݵѪ»˸žӨĹâ
˲
Ҷһ㲻ʶĬĬתؾѪ⣬
ѪɢžӨĹڵ䶯ţƺÿһξѪһ
𽥵ģҶͷ­۳ɹҲӡ϶˰˵صۣˡ
ţɣ֫ҲһһȫµҶӻҽվ
ž
һ죬ҶϵƤ¶澧Өļ壬ʣɽһ㡣
ˣ
ҶһȻֱӽռˣɼڵıǿʲô̶ȡ
˻
Ҷ̲סһظоԼͻƵڣֱӴﵽԲ
٣Ծʽһһɱ䣬ʵ
˿̵оͶ֮·صһͬеһ㣬һſŵѨĺǣҫ۵Ĺâ
ڴԲľ
ҶоԼ˶õԪת⡣
ˣ
һչ·˸Χⷽضһ
ҶСӣϲ㰡ͻˣ
Ǵռ߳ԵҶ˵
ҶͻƣҲǳˣԤʾϵİȫֶһݱա
˿̵Ҷȹ˼٣ƽ⣬֮ɵľǰ˲٣۰С
֮ɵɫҲͬ˲٣ԾɺͰɫҶϿ׷תγһ̫
У̥ˣȻȴһֻȻɣϵζ
ΧԪطĻתǰ˺ܶ࣬Ԥʾ԰Ԫطĸּ˲١
ͻȻҶоʥϢϢͬʱʧ˲٣ħԭʮ֮һСһСˮݡ
⡭
ǰȻСħҶˡ
ܿ죬ʶԼͻƵʱ˴ħϢԲŵħСϢʥϢࡣ
ʧȥ˴֮Ѿʺħʿˣ⴦ԭʥصǷˡ
ֻҪʥϢĴڣԾһǧϢʥϢľͱһͨĵطˡ
Ҷصħ۾ӵĹųǵʱ컹Ѳҹ֮⣬˶˯
ҹĲ˯ȥˣ
Ҷո߽ųǣһӰǰ棬һеʵ
ȻȥҺ˰ʲô𣿡ҶЦ˵
סҶȥ·ħϻãҶ֮㿪ʼѰңɼųұҲûҵӰӡ
ֵʱȴҶӳ˻鼱֮±סѯȥ
Ȼ⣬ҺﲻΪʲôҪȥ֪֪ħͽħѽ㵱ǼİʯһлᣬǾԲŹ㣡
ϻһǵ˵
ѽҶԼδħ£ܲİΣ
οҶħδϣֻҪҶܹħǵѡϻħͽħǿˣɹѡħʮǿߣħܹ̲ħͽħ壬Ϊܹħ綥忹
㡭ͻˣ
ϻ´Ҷһ£ͻȻסֱۣϲ˵
Ҷϸܵ˵ѹ֮ǰҶûдһԴʵϵѹȸС
ʣĵҺ֮Ҷͻԭеľ磬ħʦڵľ硣
ȻǿˣҶľ绹Ӳ㣬ʵսȴѾԶЩ콾ˡ
ţ
Ҷͷипǧ
һͻƣ˵һκḶ́ڻṳ̂ǿչ·֮ǰѾ۷ľˡ
ǿչ·Ͼôɱطܹͻˣֻȱһѡ
һ֣ʵȻһֱӴͻƵڴԲ
̫ˣ
ϻñҶļ򣬽ϣǰɽ強ѹЩΣջ󣬡εжֶ˼ְա
²˳٣Ϊ˱ⱻǲ׼ǽͳȡ֮ڽľٵǴϢĻᣡ
ջҶΪɱĹâ




1787 ݻپ
ħɽǷԲϢΪŨĵطһɱ¾ǧǡ
һأ۾ӵ磬һᱻ֮ΪأǶħʿ˵ȴһɶõʥ
ħ嵱ƬнԼļصľӪѳǵء
Ȼ֮ϾǿɳؼԪʱ˱ضȻɢ
ȻˣΧҲӰ죬һЩǿĳֱ졣
ħ֮󣬾ŬѼĵرһ󣬽Χ֮ȫ£εһƬ򣬻һƬħʿ
ЩŨ֮ڱģǶϵħ˵ȴǱزٵԴ
ˣħΪ˳òʢɽвС󣬽֮۵һγһ֮
еһЩԪϺһĶƽͶ֮
һأؽ˷ƶ죬ܹԽħ𣬴ﵽ綼пܡ
Ȼ
֮ȻϢŨȴдʣʿЩ־֮߻ħջһ̯ŧѪ
ɾһеʣħŲϧһдҲҪ֡
ԭΪеռսħ𶼳ˣԸһСѾͷƬӻֵ
û뵽ȴҶƻˣǹһ
Ҳӵ˺ħͽħֹħ飬ҪĿľҪҺ
ֻϧħķʵ̫ˣħ𲻳ֵ£ûܹơ

峿ʱ֣ҶϻħϰӢɽһƧ֮ͣ
ôħҲĻǵҪħ壬ԣħġ
˵Ŭڽħľˣÿһʲôطǳ
ٳʱ峤ҵǣһͼֽС
ͼֽħͼϸעÿһ۵λá
ֻҪǱȥ۳ƻ˾ˣȻˣۻʯܻٵҪ
ĵرǴл̨ҪϣȻ˵ۻ굤ܹɢĻҶԾɲģЩۻʯռԱʱ֮衣
ʱҪĻþۻʯһл̨л̨ϣԽϾۻ굤ܻǡ
ƻ֮һҪĽۻʯס𣿡
ҶЩħľӢֳʮӣÿһӸݻһۣϻһ𣬸ۣ󳹵״ݻ٣ϵħԴ
ѣҪһҪô߲亦
ԵʴȾǶԼ̣Ҷһ򲻻ָ֮ʣҲڲƹĶˡ
ҹѹīȾһ㣬ޱȣƲƺ׵ţʱһ˿⣬ɲǼɽҰ
ɽǧһ޴ľţǿɰ˷򻯳
ಣಣಣ
ҶչɱһںҹǰУúܶħľӢе졣
ҶֹǴδȴǳЧ뵽֮Уûаɱ¶
ϰӢÿ˶Ǹеĸ֣жȻ¶˿˿
Ƕһǻŭͱŭպ۾һֻݻħľ
µģǲȥǺһҪĳ¾һͶȫһҪɳɡ
ҹɫڻ£ϰӢֳʮӣϢɽиڵĵط
ÿһ۴һþۻʯ񹹽ļ̨ͨЩ̨ɽе۳һ֮
ҶϻһʮħľӢܹѲҹʿֱ۴
һƬɽɽĽһɽ۾ɽ档
Ⱥȥ۲֮󣬱Ȼ޴ĶʱҪս׼
Ҷϻõ˽һ£һ߽ɽ֮С
ڵʵôڰĵطҲʲôӰ죬ܹףĿ档
Ȼ£ҶΧĺڰ·ʵʣ۶ܵӰ죬ֻܿǰһɶԶĵط
Խ룬ҶԽоŨ֮ȣ·ǰһһ֮ܵȫ£ȥ
ʣ϶Ǿˣȴûκ˿أħҲûϵ˾ȻǵľָƣҸƻ
ǧɣҶܹܵ˵ҽľ¶ȣڿһƴļ̨ǰ
̨Ⱥյļ̨ҪȫԾۻʯɣϱ߿̻Źһ·
飡
ҶҲֱǰȥһǫ̃̄ˣչռڣľۻʯȫ˽ȥ
ʲô
˿̣ռڴԶĵطŹ˯㣬ֱӱصľۻʯ棬۵һɤӣûĳ
оۻʯȫսռ֮Сɽʼȵ֮һʧȥ˹ʱΧ
ͬʱŴҪҲݻˣۻʯߣһӱˡ
¡¡
Ƭɽڲ޴һ䣬һʱҡضԶ֮ᶼžҡڲѡ
䣡
һ춯صĴ֮ɽʯգɳ죬һɽӲ񱩵֮ȥˣһɽΪƽء
Ϯ
ֵħˣ󱻻٣ǶǼ巢չʢĸħǿ߶ʱǱβ͵èһ
ֳӶϺħأ
Ҷ侲ķһĿǰƣ
Щ˶ħľӢҲʿƴ£Ȼܻͬƴħǿߣһʱ仹ܹ쵽ġ
ҶϻãʣµӣֱӺգħطȥ
ħὣɽ˵ǵڳһ׼۱һħѾˣȴ
ħķԴأԽħ彫ﵱǵء
ħһﲢʥأҲ󷨽Χ£γ˽Ĺģ
УħĹǷǳֲģǵʵȴģ˶һֱô
廥Ϊǣ㶦֮ƣԶħԲôʹħ塣
ȻˣҶҲûжʱ䣬һýħ֪ħȻǿʱƻǵϴ̫ˡ
֮߳Ҷ̱·֧СӣÿǰһҪ̨ۣٵۻʯߡ
ϻҪۡ
ҶԾۡ
֮ת֮ȫɾ£˹γ˽ħʥء
ħȣħϴӳ̶Ⱦ͸˺ܶ࣬ÿһ۶ǿ򣬷ֹƻ
Ȼ
һΣҶбħĶǿľӢЩؼ̨Ľħǿ߸ͲǶ֡
Ϯƻϴۣ
һ쳹Ĵħ嶼ˣӰϴ۴ȥ
˿̣Ҷոս۵ĽħǿϢĨɱȴû뵽Ѿ˽ħ塣
¡¡
б䣬ҶҲȥƻ̨ˣֱſռ䣬̨ͬµʯͷȫ˽ȥ


1788 һȭʥ
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ħɽ·˴һ㣬ԶĽƬĵ̳
һɽˣʯգȫ̱ȵ֮ӾһΧӡ
໺𡭡
ɽУЩǿħ޷·ܵ˼Ĵ̼׷׺ХһЩСħ޸ŵʺһҲҶ·ĩһ
˴󵨣ƻҽħĸ
һħǿնٶȿ磬һ޽ݺ·ȥֱӽһɽˡ
ħǱˣ
ħһǿһȭӭϢľ޽ɫȭͷ·һ̫һ㣬ɢϵѹһȭ޽ˡ
Ȼħϴûнһ򾡣ǽ쾹Ȼǰ
ħǿһȣħǿսһ
ݺᣬȭâ죬ֲĻϢһжΪƽأǴսΧǧ֮ڣûܿؽ˵Ľâȭ촷ۡ
ħľӢ˿ս֮Уħǿ̫ˣ˷뵽ΧǵĴ֮С
ò˵ϻѡĶħھӢеľӢս죬ÿ˶ǼʿսҲҪħǿһ·
׻˵ӲģӲºģӲ㶵ģ㶵²ҪģħЩӢǴӱѡϵһ̣ѾսľģȫһĴ򷨣һʱ䵹ýħЩǿκǲá
ħľӢÿʮһսĹƾٽħǿ߶޷Ƿֿ
սһ̣Щ˱㽫ۻʯȫٵˣԼҲ޷뿪ħ²þ£Ĵ󣬵糹׻ȥʲôҲò
ɱ
ħǿѾɱۣʬӸ߿׹ȥˤࡣ
ħľӢҲڲϵļţ̶һӣѾһӱɱˡ
Ҳ˽ħʮǿߣܵ˵׬ˡ
һ汳ģֵˣ
һħľӢһȭһħǿߣֱӷɵħ֮䣬ѡԱ
䣡
һ죬ħӢǣȻȴҲħǿᡣ
ֻսһӰѣƵ龰ϵսţħľӢȫΪۣӲƴ˽ħĳϵǿߣýħ۲ѡ
ҶڵĵطսΪңѾ뵽˽ħ򣬷Ҳƻˡ

ħ涼ˣһɱնգţݺݵҶ
ͬʱϻҲչֳǿʵͼħǿߴսһ
Һ֮ϻõʵʵŨˣɱҲˡ
չҴ似һŮһ㣬ֺ飬˫ɫĹâħŮ
ҶһХâţȭͷ·һ㣬âݺɱӭȥ
СӲ֪ҵɱȭͷܹӵסģһǽ˲ɣ
ҶȻͽȥԼʥħʱЦû˭ͽֽʥأ
ҶڶѣħľҲ൱ħʦڶѡ
ʱҶ˸âȭӭɱ
꣡
һ죬ҶȻֻȭͷϵâѣħеʥȴѣһط
⡭ôܣ
ħ˲ɴ۾һ˵ӡ
ʥ
ȻµǱȱ׼۱ҲѾһʥȻһħʦڵʿͽִˣ
ಣ
ŽħһĹҶƴϻãչ׷ǲԶȥ
ƺԣͻƵڣҲ޷Խɱħ𣬳ȼꡣ
Բܱ¶Լݣ޷뿪ħ磬ֻߣȻ㡣
⣬ﲻнħ棬кܶལħǿߣһס߾ˡ
ӣ
Ҷϻӣħ̷Ӧһһ׷ȥ
ŹκˣҲԲܷŹҶΪҶ𺳡
һˣһħˣһɳȻвħİΣпΪħ
Ϊ˼δķչҪҶɳ֮ǰ֮ɱ
ɱĴĽħϣ漴ûʥҲͬǳֲһɽӱƬɽˡ
ҶҲĺѪӡסǲͣ׷ǲӵ£·Խռһ㣬һһգۼѾӳǧ֮⡣
Ҷߣһ
ʵǿħǿߺڽħҶм䣬һֱȼ֮ˣɢֲϢһȭħȥ
ҹ
ħΪεǿһ֣һâֱӽˣЩ˾Ȼû赲Ƭ̡
塭
ϻôУĿѣؿڼţʾǿҲ
Ϊ˼壡
ħľӢɱȫԼ֮ˣɱʬҰѪƯ֡
ɱ󣬾ˣ
ħƮƮħһ㣬ͷ׷˿һ㣬еǿߣǰɱֻҪܽҶ赲һ£˲׷ϣǻˡ
䣡
һɱبҶǰħǿɱֻҪҶҴؽɱ
ৣ
ϻɫ䣬αжȻٵˣǵϣħʧҲͬء
жپӢǿߣ
һξʧһλټ֮ǰ͵ϮǿߣħѾ˼㡣
ҶҲսĻôħûκϣˣ

ħЦοǻӳϷģԹԵ־ܣѧħ似һԿǸһʹ죬ǳϷħѻ꣬ʱԾʲôܶסҪܾħ֮ŻȥԼѡɣ
ಣ
Ҷһ˿âһҧϻֱӴɱ֮У׷ǲӵ˼£һһɱдС

ħǿôҲû뵽ҶȻҴɱУû뵽ǣɱȻסʱɱһĽնȥ
ৣ
Ҷһ̣ڽķ϶дУܼĽ⾹ȻûһնϣϻôΪȡ
Ҷɱ֮еһ̣Ѿ˺Ҷһ׼
Ҫ֪ħɱǳһסû˿Ŀܡ
Ȼ
𾪵һĻˣҶٶȾȻ쵽̶ֳȣɱκβ
һ̣ϻȼϣͬʱΪԼľе
Ҷ϶ǹ¶ֻǲԼˣ֮ʣȻȻʩչԭľѧ
ܹ˾ѧļ壬ħȻŽǰĿֲ壬عԼļ壬ҲԲħĶݡ
ʱħܹħŽǰǿĻλȻˮǴߡ
ħ壬ϣԶˣ
⡭ôܣ
ɱĽħǿ߾ˣһּٰ
Ȼܹɱƽأ
봳ȥ
һħʦ۷ĽħǿֳɱҶǰͼΪԼȡһʱ䡣
ƾҲң
Ҷ˿̿ɲ˿ͣλħɲǺöԸģһסǱɣ¶ݣڳȫնɱ




1789 Ҵҹ



ɱ֮Уâݺᣬһɱݺύ֯һŴɢ貹â
һħħʦ۷ǿֳɱҶǰͼһ裬ΪԼȡһʱ䡣
ȻҶȴóѣԲɱбס˱¶ݾֻ·һˡ
ħʦ۷ǿɱޱȵҶüĴȥطϢӿâ
ĹҶֻһȭ֮һȭͷ˸ŹâɢŻϢ
꣡
һ죬âɢȥħǿеɱѣǱʥĺ󳾣ֱӽĻڶˡ

Ҷһȣ絶ڶԷֵĿֱӽˡ
ۡ
Ѫ籩һ䣬ҶƬмһû˿ͣ١
ϻüæתħγһħ赲ѪԼ·
ӲӵȥҲҪץ
ħΪȣҶǿѾǳˣҾȻ˿ֲٶȣɱƽأһֲֿĲ
ܹ׽Ҷ꣬ܵõֱʱħʵܹһ¥ˡ
׷ɣ
Ҷ˲ֱӺᴩɱ򶫷ȥٶȿ硣
ֱʱϻڷ֪Ҷٶжôֲħħ׷ħȻҲħ𾳽ǿߣʵħħҪ׷ͻ֮Ҷȥɣ
ҶӳˣħľӢȴȫΧ֮Уս
ЩħľӢҲħشնɱ˴ǿߣ˴ҲҪһħǿߵ汳
һսħľӢȫսħҲ⵽شǾۼ֮Ĵ󱻻٣ǶǿĸԴҪġ
Ϊ˲󣬽ħ徭ŬѼ˾ۻʯ񣬹̨ħ޵ѪҺΪƷŲ󣬾£˷ڵػʥأڣһжˡ
󱻻٣ǶǵϣҪ²ô󣬲֪Ҫٴ˵Ŭ
ҾۻʯѰ˵ҲҲôˣǾζǼĸԴˡ
ͬħҲòĶȥƣǼϣҲˣԴ٣Ƕ˼ʢϣܲ˷ŭ
Ψһϣħ壬Ϊħ岢󻯳ʥصģǼڵĵطһŨʥء
ǽħ£Լռȵмʢȥϣؽ˥ȥƬֻʣħһ֧ˡ
ħǵϣô죿
նɱħľӢ֮ħħʵ
ǻ˵ǣǵĵ̣
ħӦ
ǱǺս֮ͽԼ֮仹սοϵԼԺĸ
ã
ħħɨһ໽еλˣ˵Ȼħ岻ǻ·Ǿ͹ֲˣʰһ£̳һħ壡
ƵĳڽħҲڷ٣ԴϵѾû·ħͬ⣬ħ壬ȵռ
һߣħ漸ը˷ΣƾʵȫܹƬݺ޵Уȴʼ׷Ҷ
ϾҶһħʦڵ϶ѣƫƫһĴڣһ·Իңǵû׷ϣԼԽԶ
ͻƵ֮Ҷ׷ǲҲµĸٶȱǰһɣڴԽռһ㣬һһգۼܳǧԶ
һСС϶ѣȻҵٶȻҪ죬Ҫ𣿡
׷ħ涼йˣŭƿڴ˿Լ
һɽУҶתϵľľϴһֻһħޣѾƤϴˡ
Ҷ磬ڸô죿ľӢôսˣǻȥ֮Ҹ׽
ϻùһԵĲݵϣߵһĵ˵
սûв˵ģȻʧ˰ӢҲ֮ǰһ֮𣬶ǵԴֻҪغ꣬⸽ֻʣħһңħͽħؽΪʷҶ˵
ħͽħԴ٣Ԥǿ϶ưոݣȻֶԸħ壬ΪΨһԴ
ʧܻǳɹֻһҾδսʵؽδڣˡ
ħ壬ûκεĹС
Ϊ֪ħǿǱѡ
οħƲ
ħ֪壬ضһʱɱ
ҪѰ뿪;뿪磬ں嫵֤
ħ粻סǰеĽŲ磬עһҴҹͣܳʱ
Ҷ磬Һ£
Ӧϻܾв·ʲôõҪƵģŽԼҶϡ
ڣ£
ҶϻõԴ̾˿жЩΡ
ܹܵϻöһƬ⣬岻ͬͬĿǰֻܱ֤ϻó¡
ڣպǵѣϵ˵
Թ΢ϢƬ̣ϻǫ́˺նȥ
ɱ
Ҷϻøոմ߳ĺɱһɽĽâնͬצһĺֺգڹħķ
һΣħͽħ弸㳲ʿռպ͵档
ħķѾ᧿ΣâħǿһѪƴ֧ŷ
ħͽħ岻֪жǿ˴֮У³Ƭʬ塣
һ󲻿ܱˣЩħͨˣɱʬҰѪɺӡ

龰ϻõʱͱˣһ߳˲仯ΪħŮͷ˫һһںڵĹǽɢʥϢȻһħʥ
ɱ
ϻһȣ˫·ַɣһƥĽâʱΧħǿ߶ˡ
ҶҲˣΪħֲסˣħͽħǿ߻ܶࡣ
飡
Ҷתȣһ㣬ֱӽһħǿˣѪʬ׹ȥ
ǻˣ
У˿Ҷϻˣʱһ󼤶Ȼȴܴ򿪷󣬷Ȼᱻ
ɱǣξߣ
ħһ۾ͿҶʱŭһָһĽҶ
ڽ֮ǰǿˣܣֱӱⶴˡ
Ҷһưɣܹɱһɱ䣬չħȭݺ޵Уһȭ㽫һǿ߻ˡ
ǰǧǿߣȻûһܵһУʬ½һ̤̤µ
Ҫħ˵
ħħ֪ǹעҶһˣδСʧҶǱǿڻв塣
ħĻǵĴǳΪ˼ͷܣǱħ塣
䣡
˵䣬ħħݺһȭڷϣʱøִħǿһѪѾˡ
ħҲ֪ħ壬еŬǰ׷ѵģΪ˼ͷչ빥Ʒħ塣
ৣ
ħִնһĽâݺնڷϣʱôһ˸㱻ˡ


1790 
ɱ
ħ⣬ɱ죬ħͽħǿͬʱ
һ⺮ʮ
ħ棬ħʵȷ̫ǿˣʧȥʥͬޱȡ
ħħͬǳǿÿһĳлŵڷϣִħǿѪ
ȥҲǸ취ƴˣ
Ŀѣ˫ɱ⣬ɱڵ˵
ƴ𰡡
˵ĿǰֻܹأǷſĻ𣡡
ȥҲֲ˶ˣһƣһսһʧսԸģҧ
䣡
˵Ĺ򣬷󱻽ħһˣʱм˱ʳ룬ڷ

ɴһҸƴˣ
ڿնֱӭħ峤ȭâգϢ籡Χ¶ȶ½˲١
ۣ
ҶȥȥôУȭâٶȼ죬ħʦ۷£ûܵһУ̶һյĹеǿѾ˰֮ΧȻγһƬգû˸ӧ档
Բħˣ㵽˭
һħǿ߾ʵ
Ҷֳսʵֲ̫ˣЩǿ˿¶ûǿս
ɱǵˣ
ҶһȣŲ׷ǲǸ£ֱӳ嵽ħǿǰһȭԴˡ
һߣϻȴ˿սУ϶ദˣȻҺ֮սʵǺҶԾżĲࡣ
ڱǿ߰Χ֮󣬴쳣ѣʥֵĻѼֲסˡ
Ҷ磬ң
˿̣ϻڵ֮ˣǿܹ߶еʥһĽâֵΧĹһʼѾ˺ܶ࣬ʱΣա
ಣಣಣ
ҶָһָâĿһ㣬˲䶴߰ʵħʦħͽħǿߣ˲仺ѹ
ͬʱҵĴսҲʽĻ󱻻飬ħһѾʧǲòˮһս
һʱ䣬ɱ죬ɱݺᣬǱ˴˶֮ڱһģԣ֮ɺ͸ʴǸûκЧֻƾԵʵʤ
𣡡
ͽ͵ã
ħħһ𣬽Ľȫˣ̳ɽ˲֪١
ȻħȴȻ˸һģЩģ֤겻ࡣ
Ҷϻûһݺͻ֪жħħǿǵ¡
ɱ
ҲɱˣһԼڵӡսħ𾳽磬ͽħ˴սݡ
ҺڳҲ˿ֲս֪˶꣬ͷˣʵȴֲֻһ߱ͻƵħ𾳽ˡ
֮ǲܴﵽˣΨнڵӡӳս
ħħɱѷѽ⣬Χǧ֮ڣܹ
磬ȭâˣеȫΨڻжֵʱŻֲᷢĻ֮
ž
ħƮƮһĳʱռĵݳһֲĺڶþòʧ
˽ֵͬʱָƼҲпռѷ֣ԲĲ
Ȼǵ̫ǿˣѰʿһȻᱻǿֱֲӷˡ
һսһֱʱ֡
˫˼صĴۣħԷǣΪۣشħħҲս
Ҳƴ˽ħ棬··Ѫˮ̳һɼǵ˺ۣѾˣȫƾһִ֧ûȥ
սˣҲƴħ峤ħش
սѪ
ϻѾˣµ˺ۣ䲻ҲǳΣա
ħǿ߼ʧʣµҲˣ޷սˣ
УδռĻħѾϳˡ
ħһƬǽ壬ȫһƬ϶ѻʬͲ֫⣬Ѫ۳СӣԶȥ
ʱÿ˿ҶǷǳӵġ
Ҷ飬ħʱպ屨н֮
ȻҶлԵϻãЩʲôҲ˵ˡ
һսħҶҲͬ˴սնɱǿߣĻħѾˡ
峤ͬģҲΣ˭Ҳ˼ζ۵Ҷһͷϡ
ȿȿȡ
һҵĿ˵˼һƬУҶ֡
ҶŻԵϻǰ峤ʲôԸ𣿡
չˡȿȡչ˺ûö
ȳѪ飬˳һЩ϶˵
ţһģ
ҶͷӦħû˿УöԼһƬϻȥ
ħˣ
˵ⶼҰֻͼһʱ֮죬ûпô࡭
˵ƺعⷵһ㣬˵ΪħôˣûУħһӡ
ҶĬĬţв죬ħѾֵزѾ˵ˣΪʲô˵
ţϻãߣȥħǣ֮ȥ巻壬׵ܵܣ˵㱨μӹħǵѡ֪ô
⣬ȥҹħǵĹħΪħֹммǣˣ
ӻһʽ׾ĵ׹ŽҶУе˵ֻҪһжˡ
ã
Ҷ׹ӹصĵͷһ˿Ĳ̡
ˣ
ҶӦץס֣˵֣ͷһᣬ
ƣܹͦѾǸ漣ˣڽ֮ǣңڳŲȥˡ
峤
Ҷһ߰峤Ȼʵ̫ǿҲ˽ģ˵廹㲻һҴħϵʹ
ħǡ
ҶᶨĹâȥʶʶħǾжôĲ
ħڹħǣȻйħǵꡣ
ڵ֪֮Ҷϻһٰ֮һ
ϻʹһ֮󣬻һ£Ҷһ뿪ħǷȥ
ܸϻҲԲûйֱˡ
Ҳ֪ԼҶȥҪΪֻһԱ뾡̡
ҪǣħͽħԲʹ˰֣´ʱ򣬿¾ûֵܵˡ
Ҷϻ˽ԶȥıӰҴħǿǴĳ
ϣܹ˳ĵħǣΪֻع
𣬳ǵ·ͷҲӦеи顣




1791 ɱ֮
ħعϡ֮ǳɽѣĵս֮龰
㾭Ծɳ˴ս֮ĺۼܶطݲ
ڹ˵ħԿԳƵ˿ϡ٣ǧﲻ̣طߵĲë֮ء
ħ뺷˽ܺУ˼Ϊȫ
Щʵǿٹأ˺̶ӣһ̶ҲͬбӵΣա
ⲢǿЩֲܼʵһЩӴ̫ϳϣӰȥ٣Ѽá
ڴ£ܶħʿǽУӶһЩרְ˵Ӷ
ܹʸӶĶһЩǿʿЩԭǸܵĳ˴ԴͲƸ֮ϴֲˡ
Ҳ벻ȦӣӶ֮ҲˮϾе֮䶼ϵյĽϣһ档
Ҷϻ˵·ûʲôӶıܿ㱻һܸˡ
ЩȻ׺ȴҲΪû̶֣ڰй۲졣
Ϊһ˵ҵ·ĶһЩǿΣ͵ʴףԼȥ
һֱҶϻһƬʯصĻĮ֮أ̲סˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ʮǿܷ۵糸һ˷ҶϻΧס
һɳɱϱƬص¶ȶȻ½˲٣·𺮶ǰ٣ɱ˵ѪҺסˡ
ţ
ҶɫĻһЩǣÿ˵Ϊ򵥣϶ٶһЩ־Ե˰̣·ϵһ㡣
ϻҲ˵еĶȫϣҿԿǸһʹ죡
һЦ˵
ͺӥ񣬲ҪҵС˶ʱһа
ΧҶ˵Զֿħʦڵǿ̧һοٴȺҶǰ
һӣбϣһҡŮźһŮԽ׵˿˲ǵľա
ɫ𪣬˫аĹâȱ֮һ֪ƽﱻɫͿ塣
Ϊ˵ãȻѾħʦ۷壬ֻһܹﵽħʦ۷徳ˡ
С˶ǻ𰡣⿴ҾзӦˣȥѹկˣ
аЦţɾȻڿ¡
ԣȺܵ죬ԴӽаĿû뿪ϻǰǶԱͦ塣
ϻͻȻȻһЦҵѹկˣǾҪµЩûˡ
ţ
һĹҶˣħȭգ֮ɫȭâֱӽһǿܺˡ
֣ɱһҪɱ
Ӿ
û뵽ҶȻǿԼ¾ȻûܵһУȫһɱ
ҶԼӿټһǶܣͬʱȺȥ
Ȼͷˣǲ֪
ҶһЦŲ׷ǲһ㣬һȭ˹ǶܣǰͬʱС
ѪĽŨϢƬš
ЩᵽΣգ֪ˡǰ˵ʵʵ̫ǿˣ
Ӱ
ЩǶʱˣȾܣ͹˲Լ졣
ǱһȺڹͬߵһں֮ڣв£ʱһɢɳһֱȥˡ
ߣ
Ҷһ¼ٵ׷ǲǰûܹѣһ⣬ͼߵȫɱˡ
ǰ˿̣Ѿһ̯࣬Ҷ°ֹ
ʲôˣϳʲôط
Ҷȥ㽫ӻĹͷˣ۵Һ
Ҷı£ʲôˣ˿
Ǵ˵صĵܣСƽվǿ˺̶Ϊ
شƫƧ˺̶ӶپоҲǲģö춼ûˣŽͷϡ
ô𣿡
ҶһߣЩûܶʱߵùǺ
һկӣϰˣھݴ˲Զɽϡ
Ҷı£Щʲôˡ
ߣȥկ￴
ҶһһȫֻǸկԶɽȥ
Ҷ磬ҪʲôռɽΪҲܰɣϻʶҶѯʵ
Ȼˡ
Ҷͬʶ˵ҿ꣬ħǾﻹʮǾɹȥĻûаµʱ䶼ܵԣǱҪǫ̂գȴûп̨̻ĲˣȺô꣬϶ЩǷǲп̨̻Ĳ𣿡
ܿ죬ǱɽկʮħܿԼկȻòΣʱŭӭ˵ֱӳ֡
ȻҶǰеĵֿͽ͵ģֻܼǵ
Ҷһȫկһָֻһָâ콣һ㣬ӭЩеǿȫɱ
˻
һ֣ɽկˣսЩӴ峤ˣǸͲǶ֡
ϻãһְɣ
Ҷϻ˵һɽկչɱ
һһߵʬ嵹£Ҳ֪˶ˣҶһɱ񣬴ɱķһһӰʬĽ¡
ͬʱϻҲɱ䣬һģҵ֮˲䶴һǰܣɢˡ
ܱԽΪɱ֮ڣ˵ۣϧ
ĹҰɡ
ʮ̱ڵأߵףҶϻɱ˲գ۵ɱˡ
Ҷ֣һָЩüĶʱһָ걻ڷ
ܵɽկеģмǺˣ
οħ磡
ۣ
ۣ
һѪţ޵Ŀģתۼֶʮʬ塣
ԶڲɢӣЩѿӲˣǰƴ
ҶɫƽͥԺɢƮݣǳ飬ÿһָֻмʻԶ
ĴݣսոҰݣɽկʬ£Ѫ۳СϪ˳ɽʣѶȥ
ħԵĵĶħ
ɽկеǳױˣ˿֮ϣȴɸıˡ׸
£Զ̣˼尾һ˷ĥ
ʱȫɽկһɴ̱ǵѪζһ߾ʬ壬ˣѪ˴ء
կ㱻Ҷ̵ֶŷˣϵţҪɱҡҪɱҰ
ͨѻ꣬ҶǴ汦ңһӱǰ龰ˡ
Ҳħ֮ˣɢŨִϢ
⣬һҶҵ˿̨̻õĲϣһīڱʯһ㷴͵Ĺâ
У˴ħ⣬в⻹һЩؼȫҶȡ˳
Ҷһ£ֶһЩͨ似ûҪħ۵ɵ΢Щʧ
ϸһµҲȻˣЩ˱ϾһЩûʲô̺͸ܣǿŽйˡ
ϻѳī̻ʮ̨˵̨գֱħǶȥ




1792 ħ
ħǣبų棬²ɣʼ
߲ĳǽϣÿһۼ˵Ǳ£Ӷֺء
Ҷϻ˴ܵɽկкպ󣬳һƬ֮أо˼κɣ꣬ϵʷƾõĹųǡ
ħԭʲôûʷ֮УڵĳͷҶʮǰһλħģԾƺصת
ħһдУռذԭʼɽħ޺УǾסڹħеʿڰҹܹƬħɭе˻
ħǿ˵ħҪһǳˣλģųǽﳤһ㣬بڴϣ赲ħ޵֡
Ҷϻ˴߳ΰĹųǾ쾡ͷħɭֵıԵ
գƫǧĻ͵ħɭֵˣʱܷ߳˵ˣ
ϻؿڣһµӣǰһΡΡģɢ˵Ϣ
߰ɣȵħѰ壡
Ҷе˵ز˾ֱħǷȥ
ħУмǿĴڣЩǿħޣʵ߾ʿһצոƵġ
һħޣҪնܣǾʵţضա
оգʱҶ˳ħɭֵķΧһĴ·ϡ
ʱǰ죬ܶħʿͨڴ·еǰħɭɱħޣȡħģҲеǲҩġ
һȻϢȴкֲܶ
ЩֲУЩܹպʹ֮γɸ߹ʵЩʵСʿ˵Ǵ֮
ҼͨħƽڶҲв֮һ֮ʧ˾Ͳˡ
ԣΪ٣Щ̺Ũֲ֮ͳٵĺö
ͨԸðΣգҲȥħɭȥɼһЩҩ
ȻˣǵҩҪŵģ˵ЩģǶħ˵ȴǴ֮
·Ҷϻ˺ע⣬ֻЩа֮ͽ࿴ϻۡ
ڲҶħʦڵľ֮󣬲˶ԶԶһЩüŭǿħʦ
Ҫ֪һУܹħʦھѾٮٮˣοħʦڣ˭ҲΪһʱ֮ȥùͷ
Ҷϻ߽ħУʱоһµĲɣС
ųǵĽϣبδ۴αȣʿͨ˽֯һ𣬽ڶ
巻ʲôط
Ҷסһħʿѯʵ
ȥ巻ȥ򱦸򱦸ħ巻ǿˣħʿΪܣͲ·ˡ
Բǲħģ˵ģ巻ĵˡҶЦ˵
ǰֱߣʮ·ңȻʮ·ٹ˽־͵ˡ
ħʿǸӣ˵˰죬㽫Ҷˡ
Ҷǿ󣬵л֮ϻÿ巻ȥħ˾ޱ䣬´ӽֱӳ˴£ϻõȻһҲ뵢顣
ò˵ǸħʿļǲģȻ˵㣬ָ·߻ûġ
Ҷϻ˰ָ㣬߹հ˹յģ巻ſڣ巻ſſȸǳ塣
巻б治Զ򱦸ȴ𱬣ﲻĶħʿ
λҪʲô
Ҷʱһӭ˳Цʵ
壬Ұϻð
ӣϻҲƲסԼĸ飬ứһ¾ˡ
㡭
ӳһ´ϻһ£˵ϻãϻãôˣʲôħأôûһ
壬塭ˣ
ϻһ˵ӵĻУʹʧ˵
ʲʲôô£׷ʲô
ޱȣæץסϻõ˫ۣһҡһʵ
ħ峤׵ܵܣҲϻõ塣
һܣֵ˵츳ǳǿ󣬱ΪħĽ
ϻõĸ׼̳峤֮λƢ϶ڼУЭ塣
Ψ壬ΪԲʣ֮ͨʴ˱ɵħӪħۣΪܲƸͬʱҲԴ̽ħǵĶͷ
˵ɣ
Ҷ̾˿ǻǵ̸ɣּ£ڴ̸֮ͥۡ
ǣ
üͷһղȫϻõĻˣҶĴˡ
֮ǰûмҶ
屻ϻȴҶһͬǰܲҶݲ裿
壬Ҷ磬Ǽˡϻü򵥵ؽҶ塣
Ǿһȥɡ
ԣ˾裬Ȼ󿴵Χв߿ԸţֹͣӪҵ
ġ
󷽵СԺҶľ渵Ļɫ
Ȼˣؽα޳ܣҺɣֹħ飬ϻ˻ٵԴһʴ
˵ҶĲԣ˵ľʵֻǲص㲻һѡ
ҶĽ֮ը˷Σҧгݵҷģ峹ײĲΪˣ
壬Ҫӳ顣ĿǰҪǣҶ籨μŴҸǰһٶһҪҶħμѡϻò
ħʦڵΪʵԲμŴ
ͷȻҶļĳ˵İɣ°ϡħܷɽ𣬾Ϳܲɱǰʮˣ
һϣ
Ҷͷ
ˣǾס°ɣȥ¡
˵꣬תȥת˶ûµĻٳţڹħкܶԸǿˣǽ裬ǵ͵һЩ鷳
֪ˣȥ塣
ϻý˳ȥСԺжʱ
Ҷ磬һԽǰʮħ嶫ɽ𣡡
ϻҶͷҶϣ˵
İɣһʧġ
Ҷʯһ˳Щп
ħ岻ͬûѪ֮⣬Ӹ˵岢޶¡
ѾһʱˣʼûиӦܹĴͼ̨Ϣ
ħǿ˵ħĺˣﻹҲܹļ̨ĻôֻðսǷųԼ̨ˡ
Ȼ
û£ǰҲ޲ߣ
ſţĹʲôŰˣ
ͻȻ洫һҵţ۵һű߿ˣӰ˽
үҪѡħ˲ź򣿣
һʿ𵶵һԱɪɪĻƺȡ




1793 һ粨
Ķˣȥ裿ǵүģ̣
һĿ¶׹⣬ݺһǾ״Ļƣֱӽһͷ
Ƿһû͵ˣթӰ
ϷŰ˵

˶ʱЦһֻ
ִӼһڹӣõŵǰĵүڹΣӦħʦڵħԡ
һɣֹӣֻҵͷȮãˡ
ûȥӣбһۣ˵
ǣ
ӼæþãԼ˿Ḷ˵˼
Ѷҷ£
һϻôӺԺ˽䶢ӣ˵һ飬Ѷ£̸ҹ
Сӣ˵ʲôأҼүǵĶϵңҶǲɣ
ӵʱ۾ˣɱڵ˵

ϻһ߳϶ʱŷһŨҵɷǾ֮սնɱܹγɵһȻơ
С椵Ըϲ
ӿϻó֣ʱ۾һ촽ضǾµٺ͸ʵ塣
˵һ飬Ѷ£̸ҹ
ϻûĵ꣬Ȼ۸
Ҫǲأ
վһ٬ϻǰ°͹ȥ
ͲҪˣ
ԱһֻһĴֱ֣ץסӵָꡱһ죬ֱӽָˡ

ӲҽһǱβ͵èһۡ
Ҳû뵽Ȼ˸Լ֣һûУعʱָѾˡ
󵨣

үȻʬΣ
ǼӲˣ׷״ȣȫΧ˹ɱڵضҶ
룡
Ҷһߣһһ㣬ÿһǴˡ
㡭
ǼһҶٶ̫ˣ쵽ǸûзӦʱ䡣
ȻʲôǿߣôҲʿͨǿˣҶǰȻм֮ûУܲ־壿
Сӣ㵨ӻǲСҵ˶Ҵ򣡡
ЦϵָѾԭҶϳȥٶȿ磬뻹ɫ
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸУ
İƻûҶԼѾɵȥˡ
ž
ҶһճȥžһӺų˳ȥһײǻϣܶײˣһѪԶ
ۡ
³߰˿Ŵ
ӣ
ӷŭһſаŤ۾ˡ
ô󣬴۸ˣûгԹôĿ
ЩǶʿԼүˣһ໽ų
Ǻү˳ˣȥ֮Ҳùһ뵽ǿµ³ȫƴˡ
ž
ž
ž
һĶҶֱַ𣬺ݺݵĶǳ͡
һҿĿ飬ЩһͷתԴ׳ͷǵڵϸһ
Ҫٿǣ
Ҷý߳˴⣬ǵò˹ΧۣһȲѡ
û뵽巻Ȼһˣīҵ˶Ҷ
úãȺ֪۸ˣӲ˰ɣ
巻ҪùˣīǺǵģħǣʮ֮⣬ǵˣǵˣīưոݣ
ҶǼ߳ȥʱѾһ̯ࡪϻһٽ˳ȥ
Сӣҵţ
ӱߵòҽŭºݻ
ұ죡
Ҷǰһţ㽫ӵ­ˣ۵ҽһʲôҲ˵ˡ
컯գǬ㾹¶ū˽լٻǵĲ⳥㣡
ҶɱڣֱӶ֣Щ˵Ŀռѳëûи£ѹγ˲ٵħ֮ˡ

Χ۵˾ˣݵģûôݵģ˴ˣȻеĶѹһա
λ֤巻һ򱾷֣ƽۣͯǣЩ˴ǵУٻǲħҴǵĵţҲ΢⳥һ¶ѡ
ҶɲЩ˰׿֣Χ˵УѾ֪˽īǹħīҵĶ磬С磬ϰ
ī˷ǳ̣ǽЩֵȫˮĻīȻƴҲҰôǷŭ
˵˵
Χ۵ʿǷ׷ҶթⷬˮҶ˵ϣڳôˣ˭ұ֤ûмбĶӣ
˵ҪīңȻҲͦҶΪ֤ģһ֤ˣǾҪⶼˡ
Ҷ˵īٻǼħ飬֪Ǽأ
Ҳû˿ô˵ôǣī᲻ϣǾһˡ
ô£īȻ͵֪Ϣȴһ̬ĳٳûҶǵ鷳
ҶǼ仰Ĺˣһӽܶʿˮˣвīҵڡ
ǰʱʦڵȥҶ鷳ĻȻڸ
һ粨ƽϢȴû꣬ôĿīҲܾưոݡ
ʱ֣ˣ֪緢֮ɫøѿ
壬ô˵
ϻýŵѯʡ
˵ֹģѡڼĿǰҲ鲻ʱһжֻܵȵѡ֮ˡ
˵彫ĿͶҶɫӵ˵ҶѾ㱨ˣħܷɽԻͣͿˣϣ㲻Ҫʧ
˼ﲻǼֹҪǼѡеıֲУƽƽĻǾûҪΪһѾ˵ļȥʲôνĹ
ħ磬ʵǹûʵûй
һжǴַǿʳ㲻ˣǾͻñû˻ͬ㡣
İɣһʧģ
ҶɫƽȴĹâ
֪ϣΨվڸߵĵλϣܽӴصĶҿɴӶѰҵ뿪ħ;
ţ
ĿҶһۣ˵ڼȥú׼ɣīĻһ㵲ģ
л壡
ҶǣϻҲվ׼һ뿪
ʱͻȻסϻãöлҪ˵
ʲô£ܵҶ˵𣿡ϻЩɻ

ЩΪѵسһ¡
Ҷ״΢΢һЦϻãĻɣЩȷʺϵڳȥϢˡ
£Ҷֱ߳˷䣬ԼŵС¥ȥ
ϻǺؿ塣


1794 
ҹ˾ţǹ׺ɫҹգԵø
巻һ͸һ洫
̸ƺǻͶ
ô˵Ҳͬ⣬壬ˣѵİ𣿡ϻɫ԰ף˫ƺˮɣȴΪ
ö
ͳɳƵ˵ѵ㻹ףħѾʵˣħǾ仰˼ǳȷҶܹѡгɫı֣ܿǼĹ׺ǱϣһѣħĳΪʷˣ
ΪԸ޸칫Ҳûа취ǸҶȷǿǱҲǳˣϾǼĵϵǲܽϣȫϡ
һ룬̼ҿħʮеӴ壬ʵǳǿˣܹõǵİħָտɴˣ
壬˵ˣûҾԲͬ⣬ţҶһܹɱǰʮģпܶڣʮǿ˲ͽѣǾҶĶ֡ϻ̬ȷǳҶ˾Եġ
ɫЩѿ
ϻü״ȴӼᶨˣ壬֪ҲΪ˼룬ϣܹһݱգΪ˱ħ壬ҵԼգԲΪ˼Ҹ˵Ҹ
㡭
ûֱ߶µĵ治ףǸҶʲôãȻԳҪ֪̼ҵǿˣʵǱҶֻǿͣպעҪϽ˽ߣܿ㣬Ҳĸȴպǿӹ̼Һ㣬ħ壬õ޷ĺô
οҪˣħһԱΪ˼棬ҪʱͱҪ
Բ壬ˡϻʵѴûµĻϻøˣ
£ϻת뿪˷䣬Ĵ

ãų̾һǱ˽һ̱ϡ
ѵ𣿡
ϣԼûʲôϻõķӦȴԼľɻ
ԴӼϻõһ̾ΪˣƾϻõɫòʣԲڹħʮŮеκһˡ
ڵ֪֮뵽⣬ϻòע⣬üħЦò¼
ħ֮û̸ϻ̼ڹħǿ챦ȥ
ħʮزڹħǣȴڹħפԼҲԼĵ̺
챦ھʮе̼ҿģһƬ硣
巻챦ڱֱᵽٺˣλƫƧϡ٣ռҲ󣬲һ¥Сѡ
ڼǰ̼ҵǿˣϵħ׼μһεѡ
ǿ˻ûԣûѡҪħ壬Ϊ˱ѩޣǾֻ̼֦ϣ
ʱһ֮ͨż̼ǿ졣
һʱһ߸ϵ̬̬֮һ̸ı顣
칫δмңһֶŮ˹ɫڹħʮŮеκһλ칫Ϊޣ֪Σ
İܲȴǷݱѹУǿżɽ⡣
ʱ±ȥ
ŶʮŮеκһˣҵһҵңƾһħ𣿡
ʱԺ˿ӣһ߸ϣֶŮɫܹ۵ĻҿԿΪѵΪ檡
ΪѵϻΪ檣
˵ʱ仰ʮַŭͬʱҲܲʡԼֶŮɫģ
ǷݲʣóħעħǰֳϻõӰǳ档
ħģµ٣ڶɢȻϢ
ͬԤϵһڿϻͶӰһɲǣסˣϾ˾ɫˣħһ㣬پ£ֻͶӰҲܵϻɢȻ֮
ֶŮɫȷʵȹħʮˣӦ֪ļҵļ֮𣬸ûᲢۣʶֶŮֻʸΪ檣
ʱ죬ܶϻõɫΪˣǽ̼ǿǷݽչֵ쾡£ͬ⣬īҲñǣħǧ̫ƽ
ܹź칫ĸ֣˵ʲôίίأҵֶŮǹɶ£ֻҪԺ칫ӶһЩʲôֵġ
ȻϻõС檣ϻúܲƽҲ֪˵ʵͬ
Ǻã¾ôˣȥ巻ҵˣ
棬˵һ仰
Ҫϻֲͬ⣬ô죿
ʱһ仰Щ
ԭΪϻûͬ⣬ȴû뵽ϻѹͲͬ£̬ȷǳ

巢ͬʱ뿪巿ϻãǳ䡣
ôҲû뵽ԼһħǣͱԼˣ
ȻҲ֪ԼΪ˼룬ѾһӰεռݣɲκˣҪ˵ȥ˵Сˣ
뵽ղ˵һУϻõȦˣί֮Ƕ˻һ㣬Ŀĵš
ţţϻҶסķ⡣
΢΢һЩԥԥǷҪղŵҶ
ݵϻҧҧ˾ߵҶķţҶ磬˯𣿡
ûУɣ
Ҷ˿ڴϥĬĬת֮¿ٳľѭ
ǿ
㲻ǹϻ˵̸Ҳûһܹù
Ϊ˼棬ϻøҸʱҶжЩҲǲ
һûʸϻõΪҪǣעΪħϻõĴҴҹͣ
Ȼ
û뵽ǣϻõ̬ȷǳԲΪ˼ԼҸ
ܹҸ𣿡
뵽ϻΪԼѡҶгΡ
Ϊ
֪
ܡ
עҪ뿪磡
ΪԺĿ꣬ǰ·жپĥѣͣ½Ų
ҲöԼһϻܵ˺




1795 ̬ȼ
ҹɫľ
С
Ҷϻ˶ԡ
һĪϢССĶ
ãϻòĿڣҶ磬ղ常˵Ϊ޸̼ҵǿ檣Ҿܾˣ
ҶѾ֪ˣ
Ҷḧϻ˳˿ипǧ
ϻΪ̫ˣൽоء
ծѳ
Ҷ磡
ϻɵèһ㽫Ҷǰ߽˵֪ȻҲ֪ΪʲôûиһŵʾϻòڣϻⱲҸ£ˣĹ塭
ϻĸףҶĳȡ
Ǹˣŷḻĸ飬ϻõ
ãҶ⽥ᶨ·¶ĳ־һϵ˵ϻãһЩԭվ޷һ𣬶עҪֿҲƭ㣬Ҳڷֱʱʹ࣬һֱûж˵ʲô
˵ˣҶ磬ףշǳ֮סĽŲģϻĵףܹĵ·ߵĸԶֻҪһ仰ϻþ֪ˣ
һֻ΢ЩܷܷסҶ촽ϻ΢Щį˵
Բ𡭡
ҶΣϻⷬиΧ治֪ν͡
Ҫ˵Բ𡣡
ϻȻ˵ϻòģ뿪֮ҾΪһӣ壡
⣡
Ҷͷ΢΢һֻܽ΢§ڻУԼѪȥů顣
һħŮܹΪİһӣʵ̫ѵˡ
ڵ磬Ůмˣ
ԣܹʱһί
ϻã㲻޸죬ǾͲ޺ˣ㱣֤һܹɱǰʮʱ̼ҲԲܰô
Ҷ˫â̴գϣ
һ˵ĳŵ
޷ԤջϻΣϣϻñƽ֮С
㣡
ϻ˫ֽ§ҶмȸжЩʧ䡣
ҶĳŵУóҶںģֻһЩδ֪ԭܽԼݴȵİ
˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
˾ôӵţֱ
~
ħħɭдħ޵ĺХԤʾųѪȵһ쿪ʼˡ
Թ緹Ҷ˵ҳȥתתϤһĻ
ȥɣز죬ָոյĵͷīңԼҪСһЩûǶ
ͲҶȥأҶԱߵĻҲÿڼȰ˵ϻü޸檡
ħħʥǣģӴ󣬹ǽ
е̾̿ջ۴αȣֵʿͨ˻ӣⷱ
ﲻħ磬Щ˲ħ壬Ҷãһûκ
ħгȴϲ£оȻ򣬼뺷¶ݵħ壬Ҳû˸ʥ¡
ȻˣܵĻȫչֶηǽԼ˻ɱҲܵκγͷ
˵һȻʥǣͬʱҲһǿΪʥǡ
ʮʥиԶԼĲҵʥǵʿڳֲɿƵĴҡ
ҶڽֵϣûʲôȷĿֵֻ꣬й䡣
йĹҲ˲ջ
ȷ˵ʥУиָķУʿԷɵģʲôĲ϶УֻҪ㹻ħʲô򵽡
⣬ѡٽħһ׷ӿʥ֮С
ЩԸĶǿ߶ɱǿ߻һĵĹ涨ʼǰһǿֶ߳ɱŵ鷢
ǰħŴǰҲ֮ɵԷŻռԭԼŵӶһǿ߶ɱŵ顣
ҲǴ໥ɱŵ飬ŵֲĵĹ涨ĵ
һΣħʧأɱŵļҲ֣չѪȵıɳһǿߣɱɵĸš
ѡսٽʥжһɽŵա
ڣаʿĵط˶çײ˵һСľͻײһλǿ
ٵùһ㣬ֱܻӲʮеĳһλ̫ϳϵĽϣЩûпܷΪٽѡ嶼һǿʥв˳û
ת˰죬Ҷħʮ֮һû꣬ɼųжôӴˡ
һΰĽεض𣬸ߴףư磬׳ԶԶȥһϢѹȸС
ħķģ
Թ񣬹ڹħǵĴ˵ܶ࣬ĸֵ伮ǻԾķ֣̫ˡ
޷׷ݵԴʲôּ˳ǱδַҲ֪ڶˡ
ħǻڰǰΪħĵģ֮ǰʲô˭Ҳ˵ûʷ̳֮С
ҶڹħйʱٴҵϻãĵȰΪ˼棬ССһԼҸ
öٿǿǣ칫ʵǿǱޣҿóϲ޹ȥĻԲίġ
常˵ˣôҲ޹أǾԲ޸ģİɣ
ϻõ̬һļѾҶռˣݵκˡ
⺢ӣ˵զôأ
ߵ˵޸칫ʲôãܹһ죬һ̼ܽҵɨƽħͽħ壬ΪˣΪĸױ˵ôôϰˣ
Ȼôôȥ޺ˣǲޣǸҶϡ˵ˣ붼Ҫ룡
ϻն˵
㡭
ûʹȥڲԵ˵Ҫܼ޵Ļõ㣿
Ҳûã˵˲޾ǲޣ˭Ը˭ȥޣҲϡϻöײһ䣬תȥ
վס
嵲ǰһʹ˵ö֪ѾӦ칫ӣ㲻޵ĻǾǳ׵̼Ȼ̼ҵŭܲģ
ħѾʵˣٵ̼ңħͳ군ˣǲΪ忼ǣҲΪ㸸׿ǰɣʧȥ̼ҵİǸ޷㿼ǹûУ
常Ҳ̫ˣҶӦңһǰʮģֻҪҶǰʮͻΪǼһԱ𣬿ΪʲôҪʸ̼أ
ϻ˵ҼҼ޸檣̼ӴǻὫǵ·𣿡
忪ڣϻý˵һ˵̼ҵİ±˳𣬻ָ˼ԭĵλ˻ôǣǻΪǼǿ̼ҵܱģħԺķչѵ𣿡
ϻõĻ峤̾һ治֪ҶСӸʲôԻˣĳŵˣϾǼˣ࣬ı찡οƾʲôԽǰʮ
Ҷ粻ƭҵġ
ϻüᶨ˵ţ룬Ƕڶû⣬㲻֪ʵ㿴
ðɣȻѾģ˷ѿҲûãԸ˵ôǿ˶Ҫϼҵŭ𣡡
峤̾һ˲ʮ꣬ǵȥ




1796 
ʱ׾Թ϶ת˲š
һתۣȥˡ
УҶ˽⵽ܶйħǵƺͶ
ѡսٽħǿ߷׷׸ϵϵʥǱһƼʻġ
һ죬һԼķⲽĽǲ
˵ͻϻãԼӡ
Ȼ
ϻȴûи㶨޷ᷢʲô
Ȼ
Ȼļ٣ȴһ취ҲûУֻصȴţ̵ͬķڵȴ̵һһ㣬겻
վҲ㲻
ʱ֣һ£żŲ߽巻һ߻һߵһٲȻһмҵͷ
֪쵽巴ˣĪĽѸУˣûվҪԵġ
ҶҲ֪ԣûгȥһֱϻߡ
ɵӰ尵̾˿ӭ˳ȥ
ԼˣȻӣ֪˼֮Բ̫죬ҲӲͷƤȥ
سŵ칫Ҳ
δԴζ
ƨ֪ΪʲôģΪ˶ĻƵطһҲ̤һ
ưϻòɵü
ȫһŰӵܵɣ治֪常ôģҪ޸һ檡
ڿ
쵱ô˵ݺݱһ弴ƤٺҲЩܲסӲࡣ
ѹûио仯߸оˣȴδ⡣
쿴岻һ϶ѣԼܹ̤Ѿӡ
ңطһ˴ĵط𣿡
СԺеһʯü˵
⡭
Ϊˣϻñ㲻죬ҸоõĶ淴
Ѿˣȴٳٲϳ֣ʲô˼ѲɻҪô
ɫ˲һ޵ɱģ˵ͷ
칫Եȣȥ
һѹеĲ첽ȥ
һµϻҶͬ³СԺС
Ȼ֮ɫ͹ħνʮŮȺѷɫʤһ
쿴ϻõĵһۣеۡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾϻõӰ񣬵ǱϾֻӰѣڿ˵һ˲䣬Ǳ޵ˡ
Ϊ̼ǿˣԾɱǷݽֻ΢΢˵ͷ
㲻ǸСұȻʮŮ΢ѷɫһ㣬һƧļܹɫҲǼɳˡ
ĿϻߵҶϣü˵ϻãô˵ĲأӾӦվӵλϣվһԽ֮ӣûûСǼ壬ѱȥιħˣ

ϻɫ࣬˫ۼĵҶҴ磬ʲôӣͷŸɾ㡣
̱˵Լȴκ˱Ҷ䣬ʮе̼ǿҲС
ϺǡԸͦģϲԽŮˣԽζ޸ң㣡
ȫҶ˿صЦ
˭˵Ҫ޸ˣƾ㣬䣡
ϻÿżɽֱ˵Լû˿תء
˵ʲô
ɫˣԭΪϻûż޸ȴû뵽ӡ
Ҳ޸㣡ϻñԼ̬ȡ
ѾˣǲӦҲûãҲġ
һɿֲϢӿҪѹˡ
ţûҵ˵˲޸;Բᣬİɡϻ˿ġ
壬ҿ̲ɣ
Ӷرܾʱˣɭʵ
⡭칫ӣҽͣ鲻
״ΣԼ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԣﲻ𣬶ϻ˳Գȣ˲ޣҲ޲ߡ
˰Ҳû˵һĻ϶ðˡ
ýˣѡ֮ҾȢˣû˵Ļ
˫ɭĹâгвζ
ˣ
˫һ̱ڵϣĵ黹ˡ
һʱ䣬ǰһƬҰ˿
ʮе̼ңýźҲ뵽ǿµĺ
ôŬԭΪֻҪܹϻõɫָ̼֦տɴ
û뵽龰³ˣħ彫ԶΪʷҲˡ
񣬻һ˿ϣǾҶܹѡѹȺۣɱǰʮȥ
ֻҪҶܹǰʮϽǿߵʶħ廹һϣٲˡ
÷ˣȷĸ㣬Ҳ޸ģİɣϻǰһֱ˵
ǿɲ㣡
Цһ쿴ϵĶûеòģƫһҵĿշתлصİңȻŻΪ˾ɷŮ
ʲôƾʲôϻõ
ҶǰһȻơ
䣡
ɱ֮ʣһӽɳȥŨҵɱǾǧٴսģֲ֮
ǾϻóΪ˾ɷĻҶŭ˲͵ȼˣ
ҶͶϻĴΣղΪԼŭ죬ҵһ棬ͬʱҲĸоϻĿеĵλǷŨŨİ⡣
ˣ³ˣ
о춼Ҫˣһڵϣ˫񣬿вϵˡ
㡭
󺧣Ҷ䲢٣һɷȴľɱ˶ܻ˿ֲɷ

ҶǿµϻѾ׵죬˫Ѿ˺Ƥ
Сӣ֣
ӵ޺޵ĶҶ·Ҫòӡһ

ҶһֶԸ˵ɱŬƵĻھͽȭ¡
Ȼ
֪ڻУѡδʼûбϽĴ￴УԵ޹ʵĻɱһʮǿˣһϵ鷳
Сӣ칫ӣˣ
ߣ̫ˣ칫ӻãܡ
ǿиɣɫĽſҶ
룡
Ҷ絶ǰ˵ҪôҪôҰһȫ߳ȥ
⣡
ǼӻһǴҶ˾ٲߵĻĸҽԼЩӳȥǶ˿ɾͶˡ
ʱֺһȥʱǱǶһȥĻǲǶˣ̼ҵ涼ˡ
Ҷ˵Ϣбŭ벻һеĳ֣ҶֱӻУһ֮ǰ֮
뵽еĿģסˡ
򣬼ɱҶ鴫ȥҲɨءϼǿˣһŮӾܾ
Сӣѡһܣſ㣡
ɱ⣬˵




1797 ż

Ҷԣ۾ףһٲ·
Сӣţߣ
˺ݻһ˵ӣڶ˹ŴԼӴҴ뿪巻
һ
ߺҶ
Ҷ磬㲻֪ղżֱ̫ˣǳĸСһ
ϻҶصİһڣһö޵ġݮ
ˣȫˣ
廹ûżعԾ̱ڵϣвϵʵŵòᡣ
常ɣûˣѾˡ
ϻԣ˵
常㵨ӣʵЩ
Ҳûа취С΢ˣҲὫɵħˡ
һŻعһҰܵ˵½̼ҵˣǼҲûϣˣҲԵñˡ
常ҪôۺòãǻҶҶһܹǰʮģʱǼһϣϻ˵
µֻˡҶǼȫָˡһҪǰʮ򲻹ǼˣϻҲΣˣ
ǿ˾һһץסҶ֣˵
İɣһǰʮġ
ҶͷûʲôøУϻõϲûзǵͷӦ
㲻Ϊħ壬Ϊ˸ϻõĳŵҲԻᾡȫɱǰʮ
һУ޾κˣҵ̼һɳһǿǲû㹻ӦԡҶü˵
Լ޾壬򲻹ӣΣˣϻһ߻У˵ĻӲ
ң֪겻ĹħûʲôǿĽƣǸյĻնܣȫ֮
һԷģ
˵ħγһĵĹ涨ΪȷĹƽڱǰϦһǿ߶Բѡֳ֣򽫻Ĩƽ壬ʮҲ⡣
֪Ϣ֮Ҷʱ
ֻҪһǿ߲֣һУ޾κˣ
壬мһ¡
ҶǾԼһ뿪;ãħ϶кļֻ̨ǲ֪
ֹϵļ̨ûа㲨ǵ˽ǰ۾ˣ򼴱Ǵ߹һܷ֡
ħԭס緱Ϣһ̨Ļһᱻֵġ
Ψһĵľݺ͵λ̫ͣӴĺܣͷˮһա
ʲô£ֻҪܰ쵽ģһ
ѾҶΨһľǣҶҪȻҵ
Ҳһ£ʲô취ܹǿ뿪硣Ҷƽ˵
ѣҾΪɣ
üϵԭס񣬴СĿȾܶйϹŵĴ˵ȴû˵˭ܹ뿪硣
ȻˣħԶǿյǿ߲㣬ЩҲֱӴ뿪ģǽһߵ̤֮սǿյĵ·
ڴӦ֮ͷɽĹżУѰܹ뿪һЩ˿
ͬʱ̼ҵ챦УɫһʱᱬĻɽһ㡣
ΧһƬǽ壬豭ˤһأһϺõҲĳ촷ۡ
ЩԶԶվţҲҳǨŭԼ
ջر巻ڿʼ巻İΣ̼ûаϵ˵
ֽס巻Ա黹Ǵ˳ȥһ
һʱ䣬巻⾹Ȼʿħ壬òϣܵõһЩĻϢ
Ȼ
ʧˣ巻ؿƿڷ൱ʲô취ջһ
⼸죬ĵҲ˽
ڷ˴ż֮óһۣħһȻ޷뿪ǽǿԶΨһ뿪;ѡϽǰʮϽ˴ߣûκΰ취
ȻΨһ;ǾͱҪ֤ǰʮˣ
֪ϢҶᶨ
һΪ˶ԼϻõĳŵΪ뿪磬ں嫵ǿĥﵽǿ
ͬʱħҲƽӿԸǿߵ
ÿһǿߵĵһ䶯
Ϊһǿǵձ꣬ÿһǿ߶ǿ
ôӿųǣųע˲ͬʱҲ˺ܶ
ͨϰǵǲϵЩǹĵԼʳסС
ħ磬Ӵļֹô˲ÿ嶼ڹħӵԼĲҵ
ԣĻסϿջ¥֮ģľֻסˡ
ѡĿ¾ǹħеЩͨˣʵļ۸ǣһһۣһ켸ۡ
ʿӿħǣóеͨ˺ݺݵķһʺơ
Ӳù
쳷ȥ˶巻ı⼸һЩɵſڻơ
ľٲԶˣû̼ҵıīҾԲưոݵġ
֪֪ȴһ취ҲûУǰ巻סЩˣħʵ͸סЩˡ
ʵϣԴȥ֮ѾкüǰµˣֻûиҶѡ
Ϊ˱鷳Ͻ̹ˣصȴѡĿʼҲû⣬ҲǮ
Ȼ
űܻҲûã
ż
һ죬ҶԼС¥ϴͻȻһҵˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
۵
űҿ̶
һȺǿʿӿУħһ㣬ңܿ콫úõһҳϡá
壬ӹӱˣ
˵֮ǰϻһ̯īһʱϼøĵرΪ˿ѾȫԭˣΪо
ôһȻưոݣƸջָʹһȺҶǰҵˡ
֮ǰīյ̼ҵľ棬ö巻ΪԶ޷ء
û뵽첻̼Ҿͳ˶巻ı巻İΣ̼ûκιϵ
һɵʲô
īʱסˣδˡ
ˣҲָʹһЩڹħǵʿеƦǰҲ磬ܴһ
ȻϳɾͲκνڣϵ˽졣
ħǣ˳ʮ֮⣬ī¹˭
˭֪ħǣīҾǱ׼ĵͷߣʮЩҲҪīҼӡ
һСС巻ûз
컯գǾȻǿլ޼ɵĴ𣿡
Ҷ֣Щǰϵ˵
֪֪ʲôħǣǾ
һĹ֣һҶϳȥ
¼ģûмҶϴνѵ˵ֶΡ
ҶʵǿҲԲһ֣ѻ߳ħǡ
ȻˣǴش
飡
İƾҶһԶʱԴͻȻˣѪԽһ
С
ڳ˶̲סһǸûпҶô֣ǵĻͱ鱬ԴһĻ̫ˣ




1798 ʭӶ˲
һƬǽ壬һļž
ҶѪȵֶһסˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼĸ޼ɵ̫֡ˣҲظо˿־壡
ǿһϷˣû˿ɵûн
һ첻۵ˣЩ˸оȶת־紫Ⱦһ֮ӡ

ҶǶ͵һ顣

īŭйâһһǵħУݺݵҶնȥ
ôˣȻһסֱĪĳ衣
飡
Ҷһָָâ˲佫ǵħˣһǰһƽīúɳȥ߰Զֱӵ˵š
ī˲׳ͷȫ˳ȥ۵һŤˡ
ɱɱ
īţ˿ûʶԼҶ֮Ĳࡣ
һϣҾͲͷۣúܲס˶ࡣ
һҶ֪شţһһĹǴ̣Ǵо綾

ʮҶԼħҶȥͼ˺սҶɱˡ
Ȼ
ȴǵȴһı˰
ҶӰ磬ȭͷգûκζܹ赲
ǵħ϶żѪľ綾ҶıƤ޷̴ʲôã
飡
ҶһȭӳһīҵļҶķѣѪŽ߶ûһڷˡ
ţҶٴγ֣ȭͷֱӽǰħ촷ۣȭͷǰٷŴ
飡
һ˵Դ˲䱬鿪걻ֱĨɱˡ

ʣµھֵĴǷ֣Ҷٶʵ̫ˣǵĹ͸϶Էٶȡ
Էǿħһȭͽǵħˣʵʵֲ̫ˡ
ҶͥŲһ㣬̬ţÿһոһ
ɱˣȴһУһɳʣ·ʾһ
ɱ˵ˮҽǣǳȻ续Ŀ
תۼ䣬ʮīҵļҶѾ˱ʬ壡
׼ȷ˵ܹʬѾʵˣһ⣬Ϳԭģˡ
ħǶħ
īȿ־壬ˣҶЦݵԼֵĲϺˣȫû֮ǰǹŰ衣
ԣ
Ҷǰ˫ؿ·һûκʯͷһĿ⣬ļ¡
ҪɱңɱҶûκκôֻҪ㲻ɱңұ֤ԺԲǵ鷳
ͷīˣϵİ˵
˿̣ڵĳӶˣ֪Ҷ׺Բġ
ҲϼеǿߣֻôҶѡ
˵ʲôˣҶûзŹ˼
ʲôȥˣ֪ˣˣ
Ҷֻ̧һĴī֮֡
Ҫɱң㣬ҪɱңɱҲˣҸײŹģ
Σв£Լ嶼ˡ
Ҳɱ㣬ļŹ𣿡
Ҷɲīһ˴ȣѾˣĴֻԼ޾鷳նݳ󻼡
ᣬһģҷģǼԲ鷳ҲúīĶˣֻȴڲŨҵĺ⡣
εҶ̫˽񱳺ζʲôˡ
Ŀڲһ˵һȴպң㲻ãҶ䣬һīͷϡ
ҶҪ
һҶѾ̫ˣҶѾ£īԴѣɢ

ӺϹīϡõԴ̾һ㴳ˣ㴳ˣ
ûϵһССīҶѣֻҪһ˲֣һûá
Ҷ΢Ц˵˵ˣ̼ҶҵһССī𣿡
ѽ
ֱ֪˵ʲôˣҶ͵ʭӶ˲ծ˲ȥˡ
Ѿ˵Ҳûˣֻú͵Ļһ𣬽еʬ˳ȥȻʰһ
ʬ𼣣ʱīҵ˾ϣΪ޶֤
ȻǾڴ˵ģֱӷһѻ𣬽īЩīҵļҶʬճ˻ҽ
Ȼ
ҪڸʵǲܵģҶֵʱвʿˡ
ڽļīұŭǰһ˲ѡѡֳֵĹֻǿ
˶֪ҶܹɱǰʮĻôѾˣѻ뿪ħǡ
⼸죬ҶһֱӼÿԼķħۡ
ħ洫ǳֲֻҪħ۵ĹâУϾǱɡ
ԣħҲ֮ۡ
Ҳħ۵ĿֲҲɣҶҶֻܼѵ
ȻûгǰйĴ˵ȴħнˡ
ǳ̼ǿ죬֣նɱīҵӵīЩ˲ʿ෹̸ʣڷ㣬˺üͬİ汾
˵Ҷ֮Ժǳ̼ǿˣΪ̼ǿҪŮˡ
Ҳ˵Ҷǽӡ
֮˵ʲôĶУǷ꣬б۶ģĭɣ߽ζ
ʱһĹȥѡʽʼʣʮ죬ԸǿԽԽˡ
ħƺʿ԰ͨ˼ɼˣͨ˽Լķݳȥݺݵķһʺƣᵽݼסȥˡ
Ȼ⼸죬Ҷȴһ˿ԣҹʱ򣬳ħɭУЩħǵ˻Աܼ˺ܶࡣ
Щʿǣħɭɱħޣȡħħ޵ƤëѪ⡣
ܶǿħʳѪ̺Ŵ֮۶ʿͨˣǴ֮
ȻɱħޣħͬҲɱ࣬ЩǿħͬҲӵһЩǻۡ
վС¥ƾԶܹһƪľҶ㱣ƺصһ㡣
ħ磬ħ壬ûѪ֮֮⣬ಢ޶¡
뵽˺ܶĵεΣкõһλ䣡
뵽ں̶±չصͯ糿뵽һǶ飬뵽˲սֵܣ뵽ϲߡ
һϤݣԺиֻ֣ϧѾһڲͬڲͬˡ
ģʼգûԼĳġ
Ҷĳȣ΢΢˫ۣĬ
Ϊŵնηӵ磬ٵǿչ·Ȼħ磬һֱԼıġ
ݼ֣һδεΣбǿǱܣΪģ
ô£
ͻȻҶĲħɭƺһֲϢЩħǱÿ




1799 ı
໺𡭡
Ҷʱ򣬶ͻȻһħ޵·һ㣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ҶħǷ·һӱˣܶʿ糱ˮһŴӿȥ
Ҷ磬ô£
ϻҲһħ޵ˣѯʵ
֪ȥ
˵ţҶϻһͬſڷȥ
һ·ϣҶǿʿշУڵϱߣȫŷȥġ
ڳŷħʿĺħ޵˻һҽд˶ڡ
ô£׷ʲô
һӳŷ򷵻صʿסѯ
ħޡħޱˣмֻħڹţһűƣеͨ˾Ҫùˣ˵
ħޱ
ҶһɲǼ뵽ڵϵʱԼʿһƽޱ顣
ⳡǺƣ
һޣһħޣһģû뵽ħ磬Ȼħޱ
ѵ˵ħɭлһָЩħ޲ɣ
Щħʿħ޵ɱ̫ˣħɭеħչ˱
û֪ԭһжôͻأ
֮£ħʿѾħսһħʿչֶΣ֮籡һݺᣬƬħ޵ˡ
Ȼ
Щħ׺ηҲħʿ˺ܴ鷳в˱ħֱ˺ˣʳʳȥ
ſѾѪȾˣʮһЩһǿ߳ˡ
Щ˷ǳǿÿһ˶оʥʵ̧׽£ѵأͨ
ȻЩħҲǳصģмͷħ޵ʵȻЩ޼˸൱
Ҷվڳͷ֮ϣĿԶ޳ޱ޼ʣֱӺԶħɭ֪жħǰ̵ĸ
ħޱħǳأǰҲûÿһζǳҡ
Ȼʷϵļδģ޳ȣһεɫ˺ܶ࣬ЩħƺûбָӣԴƴҪħȥ·ħʲôǡ
ɱ
ħʿҲǳ׺ͬǰ̵ĺħչ˼ҵɱ
ҶĿһ£ЩжһЩԸһǿߣһȥ˲ࡣ
Ҳ˲˽ȥħչ˲ҵɱȥŶסħ޵Ĺâ
Ǵ󣬽ɱħޣ
ʱһͷ׷ӳͷƽ˵

ܶ˴󾪣û뵽ħԳˡ
ųĳ֣вֿħ޳ħʿǸ˷ˡ
ȴûäĿȥˣΪǴһǿ޲𹥻˭˭ù
˵Ǵ󣬳ºħսŵЩħʿҲˣƴǿһħ޻֮ͷ
ಣ
ಣ
ಡ
һӰӳͷ·׷ħҲʼ˿Ǵĳ
һ嫾֮ǽ֮Уǽ϶ʱ˸һĹâ
ԭҶΪǵۼЩۼһʥɢɱ⣬â죬أա
ǴȻһֱ¶һ棬ֱǺɻ
̶̰ʱſڳһѪ֮⣬ѾҲûһߵħˡ
գڶǧʬ֮ħˣûһ˸ҷɣ֪ǲڻ뷨һ
˽ʱճħȥ̽һħѾ˵øɸɾһصʬ廹֤֮ǰ¶֮⣬Ⱥа֮޵ħ޾ûгֹһ
գ˼䣬½ȥˣһ޳ÿ죬ȥҲ죬·ֻһ̽
һ·ϣҶ˺ܶй޳̸ۺͲ²⣬ȴֲű߼ʵĲ²⣬塣
һսħ޶ʬ壬Ҳս˰֮࣬ɼ֮ǰսǶôĲҡ
ѡڼʱȴħޱΧħǵ飬ٸεѡһ㲻Ӱ
Ⱥħ޾ô£Ϊʲôö˶˵Ļᱩʲô̼ǣ
У׷ħ˫֣Լķⲽ
ʮ£ƤϸۣȫǸ޾µϹ
ʵϣ׷ǧǰѾ߳Ƶˣһǧˡ
ɿԾʮҵˣΪĺôƺûκκۼ
ҪŪħɭоʲôһӰ쵽ѡͲˡ
׷˫֣˫Ĺâ˼Ȧ֮۾ͻȻһ·뵽һһ㡣
αļһǧˣǰĳ̭Ļʱڸ޷ɣ硭
׷ƴЦǸһ˫ƣôˣ

ڶһ磬Ҷͽӵ֪ͨбѡ֣ȫеĹ㳡ȥϣ䲼
Ҷ磬Сĵ㣬עⰲȫ
ϻðҶ·Ŀ߳巻㳡ȥ
ϣҶƽƽ
ҶߺϻĬĬΪš
Ҷ㳡ʱ򣬳ױһѣ㳡ɽ˺ȫǳʿһӥǹˣѱ
ҶҸطվˣûкκ˽̸ԵЩΧ롣
˻ѾЩлˣʲôףԵ÷ǳ磬Ľ̸š
вѡȫ룬㳡վˣޱ޼ʣ졣
һޱأοһǧˣȥȫǺѹѹͷܶ
ֵһ׷շƮƮƮɡ
λǶǸԼٮٮߣǼһţѡΣֻʮˡ
׷٩٩̸˵˺ܶйرĹͽѪڡ
˵ǽǰʮˣֻҪܹǰһܹõĽͬʱҲĪĺô
ܹǰʮģᱻϽʹѡУϽȥڸǿĹ似
ͬʱϽ磬ԴħҪԣܶ࣬˵һԾŰԾ
ǰʮϽʹѡУԲ߸ž޴ĺôڵҲһξ޴İ
ֻҪܹǰʮʿڵǸ彫õϽЯܵħأʮ֮УħԴб
ĺô
ҲΪˣЩѡѪڣԾԾԡ
Ȼ
׷һ仰ȴ˵齽ˡ
Ƕ̭ƣֶӱʱãѡҲƽǸһĹء
˵׷ͣһ£ɨһȫ˵ħޱǶ֪˰ɣξԵħɭеħΪαΪˡ
ЩħǲԵ޹ʵıǵĳǳأԣħɭֵһĳ飬ȥһ£˱ҡ
̭Ĺܼ򵥣ԸϽħΪ׼ħǰһ˽ѡ̭
˭̽ħޱԭģֱӽΪѡ֡
׷ⷬòСѡǸеģȻԼǿˣǺЩӴǿȣʵڲԵơ
һǧˣһξֻ̭ʣһˣٲһпԡ
Ȼ
ȻѾ˾Ҳֻѭƴʵƴ
пħ޸УΪħ޵ĿвҲ˵
ˣûʲôĻھͳҾǵļ
׷һֱ֣Ӵʧˡ
ǡ
ͬʱŻˡ
ӭӲѡֵĽǲҵսɱ




1800 ù
׷ʧ֮㳡϶ʱһƬɧ֮С
˶ĵĽͷӶڲ̭ͬ
ȻٶļᾫӢѡΣǷУ̭
ȴҪʮ̭֮ٷ֮ʮϵˣ˵ʷǰĲпᣡ
ңЩħ޶Ծɱǵħʿſ̹ǵĳޣԲצ顣
ҲԤʾŽ൱һħ޵צ֮£ΪǵѪʳ
Ҫǣ׷δֹѡ֮˽
ϽħĶѡΣֻһܹɹʣ˶ᱻ̭
£ѡ֮໥͵Ϯɱ˶ᱦͺѱˡ
ҲЧѡֶΡ;ȥɱˣǵħʵãǾͻñɱû˻㡣
ܹ̭гɹôǾ޴ģзĽһԷֵһϢŨʥء
ͬʱԽѡڵļҲмĺôħĵλʹ
泬ٷ֮ٵʱ򣬺ܶ˶գҪ˵˽ħˡ
ھ޴ջ£ÿ˶ữɶħϮɱͬ飬ǲ˿κ͸С
ҲħĴ󻷾ʹȻ
ħ磬ûνĹƽ壬еֻѪȺͲɱǿʳĴַΨһ淨㲻ǿǾͻñɱ
ҶܿͨһС
׷˾ҪЩħᾫӢɱ̭󲿷ˣʣµľǾӢеľӢˡ
ȻٴЩӢеľӢѡγǿʮˣʮ˾ԴħһĶʵ
ͺǻϱһʮֶһУʳڶ˵໥˺ҧʳʣһǶǿĹƳˡ
ֹƱ֮ҲнϹƣʳʮֶ֮Ķ̬ᷢı䣬ͬһ㣬ͨƣǹ룬ٶȿ硣
ܿ죬Ҳͨһ㣬ɫѿ
ʣʵǿѡģȫͨɱʵõѡȡħӶ֤Լܹ˳
Щʵõѡ˵ѩϼ˪
ǲҪײеħޣҪǵϮɱ
£˶òÿ˶ĿԼߵľ֡
໥Уǿʼŷȥ
һǧγһӴĺӿ˳ſڡ
վס
Ҷ׼ȥʱһͳ
漴һݸɿݣӳǰһŨҵɷ·һɱѪһ㣬˸ⲻ
кָ̣
ҶĮĿ˶Էһۣʵ
Ҷɣ
ʵ˸Ĺâ·һͷ˶ɵһ㡣
˭
Ҷ´ۣûгϣҲûзϡ
ûҶ
Ц۾ѪᣬȵϵģɱҵܵܣҪʬΣΪҵܱܵ𣡡
ⷬҶȻ
ǰݸɿݣ˾ȻīǿˣīĸīѹԼ˳ޡ
Ҷնɱī֮īҵ϶˵ѡСīҵı
īīǿˣҲī׸磬ʵֲԿԺħʮǿ˱ȼۡ
Ҷʱûȥѡ֮ǰīôŭҲֻܸɵۣû취
ѡ֮ؽǰʮʱ͸õīҵıˡ
ܹǰʮĶħ羫ӢеľӢܵħӺͱ
˵һССīңʮҲҰôؽ壬ϽǿĨ
ͨһ㣬īԼҲͲΪˡ
˵𣿡
ҶɫƽʵѹûԷвϡ
ţ
īһ㶣û뵽ԼߣɱڵҵԷһͨвԷֻƮƮôһ䣬ʱһȭ˿մĸоޱȱ޺޵˵˵ˣ㡭
˵˾͸ҹù
Ҷף깲۳һߣīʶ֮С
ˣ
ī׻ֻԼԺǴ˸ըһ㣬񸡶Ĳվˣɫһ԰ס
⡭
һĻΧٿֵᾫӢǶˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶֻƮƮ˵һùīȻĹԹԵĸÿ˵·ֱ̫˼ˣ
˶֪Ҷնɱī׵ܵܣ㲻ڳĿŵĶ֣ҲԲҶ·ġ
ǰһȫˣī·ɼһ㣬ĸҶÿ˵·
⵽ô£ۻ𣿡
⡭Ǹĺī𣿡
ǸϵĪʲôаɣī񣬷ôܸԼɱܳ·
ΧΧ۵۷׷ףһʹ˫ֱۣԼ۾
˵Ĳţīе𺧸
ղҶǶ̶һ仰·һشݺݵ֮ϣа塣
ϵģҵţ첻ʬΣĲΪˣ
ҶԶȥıӰī˫ۼҧгݵķݡ
Ȱһ䣬ҪңҲȥܵžۣ
ҶͷҲûأĻؾһ䣬żᶨĲŷȥһͦεıӰ
С̫ˣȻī
һƫԶСųԾŴͣ૵˵
֪
һһĵ˵Ǹ첻ߵʮ̼ǿֱӺǳ⣬˵ˣûб
ϸյ֮ǰʲôϸ¡
ƫԶС˫ȼܵİ֮𣬺ʵ
˵ɾͳˣһԿ϶Ҷ˾һˣʮһĶżǿ˶
Ҷߺ󣬺ܶ˶ʼܿҶնɱī顣
īҿħǵĵͷߣī̸ܱܵɱ飬Щʡ
ЩѡֶԸһĵһˣ̶̻ǳߣȻֵ᷸ͼ
Χ˵ۣī׹ǲϵĳ鴤ȻѾŭ˼㡣
ಣ
ƺ뵽ʲôƣǹһ˿Цݣһһȥ
ȥʣµҲ½·ˣ㳡϶ʱտ
һµʱ˵˵̲̣һʼ˵ĻҪ׷ȥǷǳѵġ
ԣûԸϣȫڵһʱϸħɭ֣չѪȵɱж
໺𡭡
вϴħǰ˻ԤʾŲҵɱ¾Ļ




1801 ħɭ
ħɭйľ֣ٴŨգܶطźо綾
ɭԳ仢ХǺٲȻһ硣
һЩƽĵطҲɱ
һ߳ĺɫ֦ҡҷ޺һϣħʿҲᱻڵԴ
Щȿֱʳ˵꣬αװֱʤ
С
һںĶӴӲԶ˲ݴʧ
ɳɳ
һֻ׳ĽɫҫĴҶǰɫצУ֮Ӳʯˡ
ţ
Ҷľ⴦ħɭֹȻƵأŸոսΧѣ֪ħɭֵʲôΣա
ء
ոսħɭֲãҶϮ
һȻѪڣ¶Űɭɭݣһ
һͷǣѰһɣ˫ı̹⣬ĹǴ̣һ㡣
ǴŻܿǵӣҶһŵĴ⬡
ΪһĹǴ̺ʹʵ̫ˡ
ͷǵʵѾﵽħʦڵľ磬ħѾǱȽǿˡ
ϧҶϮҶһ̣־Ѿעˣ
飡
ҶܣӭϣһĴַҫ۵ĹâһƽԴ˸ϡá
µµ
һָǴСħӹѵԴйɢĵĹâ
ϧѾˣҶһƲ飬̵֮Ҳʧ˲٣ԵЩ
ÿһͷħ޵ԴжһöħıԴһڡ
ħ޵ʵǿħĴСҲ᲻ϵ̵֮Ӵͻ
СҲⰡ
ҶԳһЦöѵħħɭ̽ȥ
ͬʱᾫӢҲڿٵħɭƽ
Ҫ벻̭ΨɱߵȼħޣȡƷϳ˵ħпܡ
ЩᾫӢԸǿˣԼĽı̭
ȻһӱΧɱһЩʵ΢ĵͼħȻǲܵģҪ뵽ħɭֵȥɱǿĸߵȼħ޲С
ড
һķ쳹ȺɽһɫӰҶͷϿӹһƬһ㡣
ڡڡڷˣ
ҶһĿɿڴ
û뵽ƬħɭоȻа֮ĺڷˣ൱޵Ĵڰ
䣡
һ죬ⶼڷ˽Զһɽ飬ץһͷʮ׳ĺϬţɻأһɽϡ
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ҶȻǣԷһĸ飬ԻĴ˵һݸ顣
ȻڷѾˣϾҲǷ˵һ֡
ߣҶƹƬɽ£ܿڷˣħɭ̽
ţħ޲Ե޹ʵıһʲô̼ǣô궼ûбôԵ޹ʵı
ħҲǻ۵ģǸߵȼħޣһҲħʿ
£ôܻѡħᾫӢȫڹħǵʱ򷢶
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Ҷ뿪󲻾ãڷιʳϣչ֮󣬼ᾫӢĿ¶֮ɫʯϵķ˳
⼸˶ǿȫǸ߳ǿˣԼĴ档
ǡˣ
ڿ֮󣬷˳ѨеСڷˣᾫӢʱĿɿڴû뵽Ȼ˴˵еˡ
󣬼̰ǻܹ֮ץȥһͷѱ󣬾ܹɨһ
ꡭ
һ˱ѣ֮⼤䣬˲佫ͬɱһҵģ˭Ҳ
˵꣬ٽϵħѹһգָһħ𽫵ϵʬճ˻ҽ
СԹԣ£һúôģܰί
Ŀ¶̰ĹâһѨеСڷ˱ƽ
ౡ
Сڷ˴Уſһˮ״ϸĺɫ棬ֲ̿Ļ֮ȥ
ˣ
˻ִһƬ⣬γһϣɫȫסˡ
ߵƲԳԷƣΪҾͲɱ㣡
˵䣬ſһ챾ԴһСڷ˵ĳȥ
ʱԶմһٵķһڹ㽵١

һɫĻһɽһִĺˣֱӾ˹쵽£˷ӳ

˲ҽһͻ˻ҽʲôû¡
Ƶĳħɭָݡ
һתۣ¹ȥˡ
УҶʱʱ̶̿ھīı
Ȼ¹ȥˣīȻû˿ⲻ⡣
īԸҶһħɭӦ̲ȡŶԣô˳ٳٲ
վһɽϣҶ˼˺ܾã뵽һֿܡ
īڵȣնɱһЩħޣȡħֱٽʱŻɱ֣ɱ
ܹ󻯣ͬʱҲҶһûΣյĴɾ衣
Ạ̊́
ҶЦ
ħɭΣأܶǿħ޶ܸЩᾫӢǴȥ֮֡
ȻΣȴͬеľߣЩʵǿѡרɱᾫӢǵħ似
ÿһ壬ܹھпħԼɱﵡ
ЩרɱѡֵǿҪľЩϵħ
£ƬĵħɭΣÿһжҪСģȻпܻΪ˵
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ۣ
һڹ֮Уһոնɱһͷǿħޣûȡħӻ£һĨѪü˫Ŀ
һ߳ħʬеħϵħԼѹθɾָһһħ£ϵʬ˲ȼɻҽʲôҲûʣ¡
Ӵݲȵ뿪˴˵أʧããĴ֮С
ʱзѾǸǳΪ˳̬ƬĵħɭмΣա
˿̣Ѿջļڣ˶˾֮񣬲ľԱΣ
Ҷ̫¼ǿħ޳ûֻһԭ򣬸ͬо֮໥Ϯɱ
һϵıҩͿܻһѪҰһöƷʵħпһԾɱ
̶̰£Ѿвڷ൱һǱͬеľϮɱġ
ҶȻҲ⵽˵죬͵ϮΡ
ԴˣҶ飬ֱЩ·ϵħӣ
˰ɣ
һ죬Ҷٴνһ͵ϮԼŻɱħɭС




1802 ڵȲˣ
ħɭԳХǺһľ
ŲһǿߵĽ룬Ѫ¼ʱ޿̲ݡ
ħ޲ЩᾫӢУ׳ԼԴ
Ȼħ޵ıȴԽԽˣܶħ޶һֺֻ̿ͽ겻з
һħʿضǲݣħᾫӢʧء
ʮҶ̫Ѫ¼Ѽֲ֡
ֻҪЩ˲Ҳûдɱ䡣
˲۵ǵôҲԲ顪ͳͳ·
ʱֵħɭкֲܶﶼ۵Ĺʵ˵ܰ㡣
ջļڵˡ
Ҷվһɽ£ԶȺɽɽǱ۹ʵѹ˵֦ǷĮЦݡ
һʱ䣬ϵĲڰпԼ֪ĳЩѾȲˡ
һµʱϾҪˣٲֵĻ߳ħɭ־ҲûôõĻˡ
ҶҲڵȴЩ˵ĵ鷳綼ҪģҲħɭֺĵشȥʲôħ޵Ĵģ
ǰѾڴϿ޾ɱ󣬹ʬе
ȻȺɽȴûһŵȫ޾ʬ
ƬɽʮĻ̺֮޾֮Ҳµɱġ
սֻҪɱ֮Уûӳȥ
һɱԲǺնûãѾȫضˡ
ˣ
ŵҶüͷһ¶һ˿Ц
˷ʮǿϢڿӽһϢڹ㳡вīǿī
ڵȲô
ҶЦˣڴѾȺ˰ʱǵȴЩ
Ƭ֮ʮСڵʣʯһն֮УΧм䡣
ˣǸõɱʱˡ
һµīԹ֮ɫ˫ȼų޵Ļ棬һһƽͣҶԶһʯϡ
ˣ
ҶЦһĮ˵
˵ôӣֻǲԼֶѣ
ҶһѪĵ㵽ʹī·𱻲ȵβ͵èһһı
Ҷ˵ĵˣڵ֪רɱѡֵǿ߷׷Ҷꪳɳ֮ΨԼһ˲ҶĶ֣üвľ˶ʮƫԶӴǿˣ׼ǵ֣ȽҶϿ壬Լٳ֣ɱΪܱܵ
һƫƧСǿ˶ѣûҪ˴󶯸ɸꡣҶǰһ˲˵
Ҷɽ£˿ȥȻѾħʦ۷ľ磬ʥӼǿߡ
նɱһȻôˣʵЩСˡ
һϳ˲м
ҲһǿǿˣΪħʦ۷嵽ħʦ֮䣬ʵ֮⹥ص㣬ܹɱĴ󲿷ʥӡ
Ҷһȥʮ˶ǿǿˣÿһ˶ܹһһ֮ϣԼĴͲĴ˵
˵һֲϣÿ϶ɢŨҵɱ⣬Ƭط·һӽ˺ɱ衣
ôնɱһûгɾ͸У֪λ׼Űɱ
˿ˣгͽ·ҶѾϵ⣬׸
һĴ˶ѣô鷳ֱնɱˡЦ˵
ǲҪС
īüΧҶΧ˵ܹרɱѡֵǿ߻ɱ侪֮һϣҪκλᣡ
Ҫ𣿡
˿ڣĮ˵һնӣ
α˴󶯸ɸ꣬һ˱նһվǷ̵Цݡ
⼸˶ħʦ۷ΪһУǶĴڣһǿ߶ǵĶ֡
ôǿ߾һ𣬸Ҷ˼ѹܵ޾ɱ⣬Īѹ
濴ң
ҶЦˣһŪؿīȻɿôΧɱһ
ϵģܿͻҵĽ°ĵģڴһĻīһԹһ㣬ޱȡ

ҶЦȻûнΣշ
ЦϣȻһ˻ģ£ΩҶ̬֮˵ʮһĶǿʮˣҲն󡣡
˵ʲôʧķҪɱˣ
˹Ц˸Ĺâ˲֮ɫ
ڹⶺЦ𣿡
һ˴Цг˲̺Ͳм
֪
Ц
ǶԸеĶǿߣǿˣһ
ô˾һ𣬼ʮ̫ϳҲҪףҶȻ˵ҪնɱˣǸеԼܵ衣
˳һɱ⣬ҶƽĿǣ˵רǣô
ڵǣ
һ˴󾪣ŵʵ
֮ǰѾ̽Ҷٴ֮ͣãȴ֪ڸʲôΪʲôĵرҶڴȥ
ô
ҶȻƽ˵ҵȵīҵķֻû뵽ôˡ
ǲǹڴ˵ǣҪܻǾǷ񼣣ī˫޵Ĺâ񶾵˵
٣˵ǲһȺ߹ֻҪҳ֣ǽԳ촷ۣնɱûʲôɾ͸С
Ҷƽû˿·˵һ΢Сһ㡣
Ʊǣ˫âɽ֮ƣ˵ɣ·

ҶΧ˶ڴЦеĴųеĳ˲мͱģеɱ¶鲻һ
˶ΪҶʵ˵Цʮˣһһһǿߣ
ҶҪƾһ֮նɱˣǲʵģв˸ͲҶ۾ǿ
ΪҶ϶ǱôƸɵˣ˵Ļ
ƾ㣬Ҳնɱˣ𣿡
īЦ
ξɿôԸǿˣǲҶκλᣬҪɱΪԼĵܱܵ
ҹζ࣬һϣնϵħȥֻ֣Ҫɱ͹ˡīԹ˵
׵ܱܵҶնɱʬ嶼û£ճ˻ҽ޲նҶΪܱܵ
Ҷϵħǲδ⣬ʵǰһһҲںħ
䣡
ʮᾫӢԨһɱ⣬׷׼Լħ׼Ҷ
˿ٱƽ˷ɱ⽣âһħУɢſֲ纣ɱ⡣
ʱīȴˣվ֮Уδ뵽ҶطΧɱ֮УֻһĿΧеҶǹŲ̵Цݡ
ǲ˵һ˱նɱѵûһҶԾչһԼǿʵ
Ҷ˿壬˵
ɱʤȯգֻһЩνǿ˵ʵѡ




1803 ҪģΪʱ
ϣ
һɱҶߵгϢֱնͷ­
ۣ
ҶͷҲûأһȭɱˣ絶ƥն֮У͵ϮһΪ룬Ѫ籩һ
̣ǳƽû˿ֱʬ׹ڵزĮ˵ɱͿԣαزͷ¶βأ
˻~
Χ˵һÿ˶¶֮ɫ
ȥ̽ҶģҶʵõĻղһ¾ش
Ȼ
ҶıǸеľˮһ㣬ɱһɣ
ôûҶԾҾһ·ɣ
Ҷٵʱ䣬ֱӼɱ󣬴ɱ䡣
ҳЩʵ˵һ·ǺǣԴħ𣿾żλҲ
һħʦ۷ǿЦ
Ȼ
Ļ䣬ؾҶһ֮콣һӵ³ա
䣡
ɱ󼤻Ƭطˣһɱһ㣬أȫɱ֮С
ʧɫƱ任
Ƭոֳ޾磬˶УɱƬضҡ
һʦΪͨ죬ʵȴۣ괴ɱʵڲڴɱֻҶƵʵޱȡ
ڰǵָ£ǿʮ֮һҼĲΪǾͨǴɱ󣬶֮Ȼй֮ͬȴȫһ
ˣɱҲֲɱ֮رԴǿն顣
ô£
ʲô
ɲǼ䣬˶̿ˣǴҲûмʶɱǵʦɱ󣬿ɽ֮ĥһС
һ·
ҶĮ·˵ˡ
ԲѣƾҲնɱˣǲ֪
˺ǳ⣬أԿԴ󣬲֪ԼѾݾ
꣡
һɱֱӶ˴üģĥˡ
飡
ֱͦͦԵüĳһѪ˫Բ˲ţ𽥻ɢĿ
ǡ
˵г˾֮ɫ˵ʵԲκһ˲Ȼȴֱӱ˲ɱˣĵ׷ͷð
īңɱ󱻼һ˲䣬Ԥе˲ڶɱһ֪ԲδʱߣھҲˡ
Ҷɱһ˲ߣĳֿ˲ϢԶǧȻӲ
ҶԷŹκˣԲŹһὫնɱڴˡ
ԼκҶһԸ񣬾Բı䡣
ʱɱӿһ߽⣬ڱɱ֮Ҫն飡
໺𡭡
Զħھֵ˻Ƕؼı仯ΪУ˵ʦɱؼ˷Բء
ħޱɱĥǵħҲˣ̵ľ֮ɣΪֲɱ⡣
⾿ʲô˿ֲ
˾壬׹ɭ޵УÿһѪⶼֵڹΣѪÿһͷԸ졣
һ̣ǿǿˣСľӢÿһ˶ңĩٵĴг˾
һʦɱ󣬿ȴɱ󣬿ֲޱߣ˵ǣʮǿˣֻҪɱ֣ҲǱɣûܹӳ
ϵģ
į̄׼գӳȥ˵
̭ʱ䣬㹻ˣ죬ʱٴɿһˣҶɱ
Ȼ
˴ѱû˿ɱ֮кգҪ˵ӳɱˡ
ˣ
âһīʧԭأҲѵʱͻȻͨ飬ֱӾʹе
ಣ
ͬʱҶȣɱɴУչɱ
飡
ҶһȭӳһȭͷֱӽһƴֿɱᾫӢˣѪɡ
䣡
һɱ£˵ʬֱӱ˷ɻң
ȥһҪȥ
˶ˣһƬȻڼһĻû˲־塣
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ƫھɱ㣬ҪĿնɱˣŻɱ㣡
ҶīĶ֡
֪ҶɱﵵĻԲóȻֻ֣˵ʲôѾ̫ˡ
ûҲûкҩÿ˶ҪΪԼѡΪܺ
ˢ
ɱ⸡֣Ѹٳīڣ׽סˡ
˿̣Ҫɱڵӻ֮ܶ⣬ʲôҲˣ֮֮ڣԱ
Ҷ֣Ǳȵģָ̧֡
ҶԼһǿǿ˶ʱֵĴУҶధ
꣡
Ҷ˿Ϊޱһָϵħȫߣһɱ⣬˲佫ʬˡ
֪ˡ
һħʦ۷ǿҶΪ˻ʲôӣʲôϣԲҪ
˿̣˫ҡһ˰׹ᦣڿ֧ţ׹ѺܲۿҪˡ
һʧȥ˰׹ᦣɱ֮ɣֻܰҶһ
Ĳô
Ҷ䣬ôһ֣ôܾʹ֣
飡
ҶӶĹǽһͬ׹һˣѪɽ
ȥһҪȥ
ʣ˷ӵʬѳһ·
ģȻǣֻҪܻұػɱһٱ飡˰Էݡ
¡¡
һĥתѹѪⲻϳ𣬲˻⽴
ҶеǣħȻûѪȴһѪ⣬Ҵ˵ѪҲǺģֻ˵ѪҺŻֳɫɫɫɫ
ɱеʮ˶ǸǿˣԵľӢÿ˶żǿʵ
ƴɱĻҶܹȫնɱҲҪܳһʱܹҲпܻˣϾÿ˶ǿ
ڼҶκⷢԣƬɱɱĥж֣ȷԼڲμӱʱܹ۷ս
֣үү
ǴδԼ֮˶־嵽˼㣬ûҶɱǣɱҲܽĥ
ԣڿҶԼǰʱЩ֮ǰİͽȫʧˣһһ㣬Ҷ£顣
ȻȴҶĳ֣һ£ֱӽ⣬걻ɱɿա
ȻɱңǾҪñɱ׼
Ҷɱе֮ĵ㺮˸žĹâ
ƴˣ˭Ҳɣ
һħʦ۷徳ǿͷһֻɫĹӣɱɱ⣬𶯹ӣһڹҶϮɱȥ
䡭
âһһˮͰɱնֱӽڹˣ˳ȥ
䣡
ɱඥֱӽˣΪ˻ҽȴӹһ٣ֵԶȥ
~
Ҷָһһ֮˲佫ˡ
ţ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱͻȻֵϹһ۵ޣȻڿֲɱ
Ҷһ֣֮ϸ۲£ŷ֣ɫ޾ȻѪɵģķġ
һСӣ͵ռоо
ڴʱҶԺдǵ
ռʵռͨģһʵ쾹ȻΪһ޿ˣɼ޾ԲͬѰ




1804 ħ
Ǿһļһ׷ڴ۵ߣ۽缫ߣܹϵĶԲǷƷ
ҶûɱдУѰҴߣ
ûпתɱȥĥˣֻǷ߶ѡ
ɱ̫ˣһɱЩʲôʣ£ȫɱĿֲĥˡ
ҶҪЩϵħ鱦
ԣԶ֣ʮȫС
Ҫ
ɷһҶħһǿǿ˶ʱˣ
Ҷᣬ򵥵һȭ㽫߰˼ħȫˡ
飡
ڶȭرɫâѿգֱӽ˺䱬ˡ

˾ֵ˼㣬·ֲһȻ껯һ⣬Ҷе޷ȥ
ҪҲҪ׹
˵һӴޱ㼤ҵһ޵֮˼ž֮С
޵ĹϣȻһķġ
ǡ
Ҷ𾪣ʵޣ·һһ㡣
һħޣ
Ҷ˲뵽һ仰û뵽ڲ۵޾Ȼܹӡֱ̫꣬ħˡ
ѹ˻˿־壬һɱɢȻᱻӡħУֲ̫ˡ
ЩǰΧɱԼħᾫӢһû˿
ɫƽ䣬񣬲ϵո
֣Ǹᡭ
ۣ
Ҷ䣬Щκν֮ͣˣ޲һȭɱ
Щ˵꣬ȴҲȫ˹֮ϣϵԽԽˡ
ˣ
ҶһתÿһĶ˹âӹϴ޵˻
һñ˾һ
ռ졣
ռмģÿ첻˯ò׵ȵһֵĳƫƫԼܳ
ռУҲͨҶʶ֪Ȩ
֪Ҷ޵ħԣǿˮˡ
ܿ죬ɱбŨѪζ˱ɱŵī֮⣬ȫҶɱˡ
Щ˶Ըǿˣÿ˶żߵ츳ҲźܶҴ似
ɱеĻҶܹȫնɱҲȻḶ޴Ĵۡ
ɱ֮УЩ˵ʵʮ֮һûзӳ㱻Ҷ翳вһˣʵЩ
һ̣īеľ
ԣ
ҶޣһĮĳǰû˿飬·ڿһû
ϵģ㲻úѡһĸң
īҧгݣһԹ
֪˿ԼҲûãҶԲŹġ
֮ǰһĻĻĺѾ˿ƹˤøһƿڴ
ҵδͲˣҲˣ
Ҷ־Ʊ˿Ӱ졣
飡
һ죬īͷأֱӱҶһȭ䱬ˣһƬѪ

īд˿־塢ʺ;ִУ
£ʹȴԸ⾭ģǱҪֲ
꣡
Ҷһָīͷ­˲䱬飬꾪ֵԶӶݣԸȥҲԸֽ
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ݣ
۵ϵķͻȻ⣬ֲīһķķӡ˹֮ϡ
ˣ
Ҷһѻ𣬽кۼȫٳ˻ҽͷҲصԶȥ
⴦ɱܹάϣֱеάɱתΪֹ
ʱ䣬ûܴؽ⵽ɱɱܹ⡣

ҶΧɱͬʱʮǿҲ⵽˵ķԡѪɱʮĴҲһˣֻо˷ɱɹնɱзԼˡ
ҶħɭֵĺĵشһƬɳĮɳ
վɳĮıԵҶˣôҲû뵽ããԭʼɽֵĸؾȻһƬɳĮ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲֱӲͬķϵħɭֵĺĵشƬޱߵɳĮ
໺𡭡
һƵɳĮд׹ʣҶը죡
ţҶһ޼ʵɳ֮Уһɽ뻺¡ض
ǡ
Ҷһ¡ɽϾȻҫ۵Ľ⣬ɽϸŽɫƬÿһ۶緿ݰС
ɳ
ҶһͷΪͨûгôģǼֱһبɳĮеɽ롣
ֲĹ¶Ҷŷ֣һɳ
ѾˣͷϳҲĸ͹
һɹͷϵƿȻǣĸ͹Ҳצɡ
߾ڣ
ͷɳɢƣҶжϳʵһͷո߾õħޣʵӦúնɱǸ߲ࡣ
໺𡭡
ͷɳҲվɳĮԵҶȻͣҶ춼ԾɴСиܵвԼĿֲʱһƵ
֮ûģڵˣˣħҲ⣬ıԡ
ȻͷɳȻܹƵĺХ˵ڻĵ·Ѿ߳˺Զ
ˣ
ɳȷ˹ɽβ͵غɨĻɳնˡ

Ҷһ䣬ҵϢȭâչħȭݺݵɨβȥ
ȻβɱҶ˿壬ڵʱѾնɱ߾ڵǿߣοڣ
ϣ
ҵİ׹ҫأҶȭâݺݵĻɳβϣһ
ۼ׷׷ɣѪⱬ֣
ɳֲһȻҶӲסˣҽβͲҶϣ۵ɳһƵ
ۣ
ɳʹȻҶһڰããıԴӵңݺҶײȥ
ǡ
Ҷ۾ʱˣܵѪıԴͷɳȻѰħޣھȻӵʿеıԴ̫ˣ
Ҷ˿壬ɳıԴȻǿ󣬵ǺȻǲһЩϾħ磬ﶼûѪ
ֻҶԲʩչ似֪ûڼ
ĵεƶϣħ֮ϣһӿֲڡ
ħ粻һ˲ŵĵطһרŵĻء
֪Ǹǿʲô̶ȣһܹʱ̼ħĻóȻʩչ似ĻȻᱩ¶ݡ
ڹϣ鷢
ԡ
Ҷתӣȫʩչ׷ǲٶȿ紩Խռһ㣬գۼӳǧɿ⡣
໡
ڴʱҶ߷·ըһһ޴Ѫ궼㲻ˡ
ӡѪĵһɶ㱩¶ʵ
ʲô
ҶȻͷȴָղŻԼǰҫɳ˿һСһ㣬ɳĮ֮£ԶӶݶȥ
ѵʲôްҪ𣿡
Ҷפ㣬¼ٵ׷ǲֻҪ߾ߣӵҪ׷ǲܵģôԼİΣ
Ҳһصм˲㱻ֱӷۣһѪ֮źùһЩ
ৣ
ʮǿ˺Ȼ׷ϸ߿գɳĮĿȥ




1805 ԭ
û֪嫵ħɭֵĺĵشȻһƬɳĮ
̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ħɭֶůʪ򻷾ܴ
ļ֣֮ҲԲӦóɳĮŶԡ
ǡ
ƬɳĮبģ֮սʱ򣬱һλΪͨǿɵġ
֮⣬Ҷ벻ʲôܹ
໡
Ҷȵʱ򣬾޴쳹أͷۻɳĮԵҲ𾪵Ըӣ׷գ鿴ʲô
¡¡
𶯣һ޴ѷԶӣһɼֲϢӿ
໺𡭡
ħ޶˾ֵܶħ޶ȿֺȥħɭγһɿֲĺ
Ŀ־£ЩħѾˣǵԼǰĶȫݻ١
һЩʵõħ޷׷ײͬצ֮¡
Ҷе˼ѹѹ׼۵ʱ򶼲ֹ
ѵɳĮҪһλۼħ˲ɣ
Ҷ𾪵Ըӡ
ûмĴۣҲ֪ĴɢϢжǿ
ǣϲϾûиֲֿܵѹ
ȻǰҶһθоԼС
ˣħʮľλǿ˾͸ӲˣڿҡҡλΣһͷȥ
ҵϢؼƵϴ죬µģ
ҶɳĮһ޴Ӱӵ˳źɫʬ
ǡ
ҶˣǰֵĹ࣬˵ħһ޶֮⣬Ͳܱ֮Ϊˡ
Ϊ
̫ˣǧɸߣһɽһ㣬ɢ˵Ϣ
໡
վǵӰ죬˫ﳤѪɫâſһ޾֮쫷ûĿڡ
عҲ߾ڣ۷ǿߣ
ĶҶжϳްԵʵӦú;ʥࡣ
ɢ̫ǿˣǸոճʱǹɲҵɷ·ɱ۳˿ֲɷ
Ӧһǿߣʬ巢ĳʬ䣬ѾԭԼˣ
Ҷжϡ
ϸܵеϢֻϢ̫ˣºܿͻʧ
ҶţΪǾڱϻкܴͬģ
֮䣬ֲʬƵʮڱա
ֻǾƺովѣǻûлع飬ӦЩ׾
ಣ
Ҷͣȫʩչ׷ǲһ⣬ԭ·ߡ
ħޱԭѾûҪðգɲΪްԻͬΪķϷŹ
һ·ϣҶħ໥̤ʧӴܡ
ѪζħɭʱܿһЩȵϡõħʬ塣
ЩħҲҶȴûȥΪڴҶ
໺𡭡
ǧɵľްھݵ֮󣬾Ȼ׷ˣο磬ƬɭĽ±촷ۡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ްÿһ¶·һ㣬ضڲ
ܿ죬һȺǿħޱ׷ˡ
ûȥ׽ſһ·һڶֲϬֻǿħͬһЩɳʯȫ˿С
찡
һĻŵħʮľǿĵѣɫɷףѳ̵ľˣֻԼûиĲ
ҪǱ׷ϵĻûκȻᱻһ̵
Ҫ˵ǣǼļ̫ϳ˶ܶԸֲľްԡ
ϣħᾫӢǵѪùˣֻҪħǰ˲ͻᱻɡ
˼ǲҪħɭȥ
ʱû˻˽ʵĸҲͺܿʾ
ȻЩ֪֮ħ徫Ӣû뵽ħɭֵĺĵشһֱΧǻҲܵ˳
ҲȫħûͷӬһײһħʿض̵ʱڽ˺顣

һƫԶСǿһҽУ˲񱩵޳ûˡ
޳֮󣬵ֻʣ˰߲Ѫʬ嶼Ҳˡ
ЩħȻߵʳʱ򣬻ǻڵġ
ңħ޶Ӵһھܽħʿȥ
ħʮľǿһȣڿмٷУÿ󶼸һȺᾫӢ
УҶȫģٶ̫ˣڴԽռ䣬һǧ׾룬ûκһͷħܹ׷
Ѿ˶˦ûӰˡ
ֹ죬ҶŷɳħɭֵħɭֵΧ
ֱʱųĳһһͷħޣһСӱһѻ׼ħ޼Լ
ǲɵ
ҶõʱԺдǳ
Ҷʱһ㶣ͬķʽʵʲô˼
д̨Ϊʲôãڶ׷ǲ𣿡һŪ˵
žણ
ҶеĿ⻬䣬þޱȡ
ͷǣôң
ҶޱȣϿǴŴ̨أҲֹһȻû뵽ǫ̂ա
ڶΣ֮󣬿϶Ѷǫ̂ȥˡ
ֻɵʩչ׷ǲħƴٶȡ
ǲ뵽ˣ⿴ЦҶɷʰǡ
ǣ
ǻش൱ɴ࣬һȻ
ڻκβһֲܽųҲ׷ռȥѵ
˵ˣռʱٺʵǲͬģԼѾˣ֪һռгɳʲô̶ˣ
㲻ãԼȥ֮󣬽ѵɣѵһ٣ǿɾͻˡ
УݣҵţħһӶҪˣ
Ҷݡ
ī֮󣬰ǾͲϵҶ͵ռооֻһֱûдӦ
Ϊ޷ǳ
ʲôܹޣɱɱⶼ޷ƣ
ҶػɣĳλǿߵѪɵģΪܵ˳ɷ

ݵͣҶһʱ䷵عħǣֱȥһ·ͨ衣
ڳĿУҶһͷĳħ
ħޱԭ򡣡
ҶҲϻֱӽԼɳ֮һֱԼ뿪֮ǰļ˹ħʶ
Ǿǲ˵ѵģŹħܹжμα
ܺãħ屨ҶɣҼǵ㣡׷΢Ц˵
ǵģ
Ҷȥ̹Ȼԣһȴᵽɤϣ±ʵǿĹħԼڵѪ
Ǹӣû뵽ħ徹Ȼһ˳ɫĴˣȥɣڿʼѡˡ
ħĿ⣬Ҷ뿪
ǣ
Ҷ˿ת뿪
ĿҶȥıӰħ˳˼֮УѾڹעҶˣǳ죬նɱī֪
һħɭֵ̭ʵҲҶһַʽ
ħħķǾǣѪɱ¾гɳʵǻۡȱһɡ
Ҷβп̭лɱǰһôûκμֵ
ڣҶһ̽ħޱԭʮ֮һǳ⡣
ǣҶ԰ɾʱûδսӣǹӭս
һ㣬ǾŴǿ˶

ڹħҶʵеȵͬʱҶȴǳ˿
׼۾ϵǿߣӦòᱩ¶ݣ
뿪Ҷ˼аһֻҪ˳ǰʮ뿪طˣ


1806 ʮǿ
ˣħûн
صסҶŷ֣Լħûнȥ׷Ҳûħ飬ѵ˲ɣ
İɣûлĲѡֶûнڳɹ˲ϼǵħǸаʬħǵĻħǿ¶дˡһ˵
Ҷع֮ǰ󲿷ֲѡֶѾˡ
ҶڰΣ֮Ƿ׷˴ֱ̨Ӽ̨ջˡ
˵Ҷ̲סһգԼҲ̫ɵˣȻû뵽գðǺݺݱһҲϻõĲѡ
ħɭִɱȻҶǳģڿ˶ˣҶȴٳδʱ̲סᡣ
ţǰȥħɭȥѰҶˡ
ôѡƳôҶѯʡ
ǵģ飬϶ҪȽаʬѡ˳УһѡĹаʬɱĻǾ鷳ˣ϶˵
ˣҶ磬īǿī𣿡ϻһҶѯʡ
˶ˣҶҲˣīҵǿīȴûлī¶ˡ
ˣҪɱңɱˣҶƽ˵
Ȼ
ϻһϵӣ뵽īǿԲҶĶ֣ǲ۵ҶֵĻֻǱɱ
䣡
Ȼһ촫ħǶ𶯣ٽˣֻٲҪĽϸֳһصķģ𵴲ű
ô£循ֵ˵
ʮ꣬һֱǳƽûзıʡ
ѵаʬɱˣϻ˵С鲻ԽĽץסҶǿĴ֡
пܣڴ˵ȺȥҶɫء
ǳаʬʵħǣֻа׷һܹУǴδܵסĽŲ
Ҹһȥ
ϻھ˺ҶֱһͻȻʶҶԼռҪĵλ
Ҳѡ֮ҶҪȥһˣǾҪԶֱˡ
Ƿֱǰʱ⣬ٺҶֿ
ᶨеİ֮ɫҶһ̾һ
ծѳ
ðɣ㲻뿪һ֮ڣ޷֤İȫҶͷӦˡ
޷Ӧϻϵһʱ⣡
ģҲ뿪ģҲ뿪ġ
ϻһЦ˫§Ҷֱۣһȥ
һ·ϣҶǿ߶ķȥ˷У˲Уٶȶܿ졣
ҶûзϿУϻõС֣ӵȺһһǰȥ
ܶ˶ԷֿҶ׷ǲԷӵ˼ߵĵزܲжܴУҪ˵Ⱥˡ
ܿ죬Ǳ㵽˳⣬ʱѾǺѹѹһƬжվˡ
Ҷһ۱㿴ʮľˣΪһˡ죡
Եλã˵Ǿս
ҶҲǸǧɸߵаʬʱѾħɭֵıԵںһͷ˴ս
ͷǹħǵĳҲħ۷սħ
ʮ˶ˣһӪɢǿҵɱ⣬ÿ˶ɫࡣ
ʮе׵ĺңǵǿ˺ս̭ˣںɱˣ
ϻҶܵ
˶Ҷ磬ǵ¼ҲڹħǴˣԣϻñҶ֪Ļࡣ
ҽʮɣǣһ˽Ҳ׼Ҷƽϻ˵
С˭ѽô񡣡
һ֪Уʮǿ˸콾һսģ
ҶûпѹԣĻΧˣ˶ͶĿ⡣
ⲻħǸǿҶѹôе
ܿ죬ϳҶɵóԾԭΪҶѾħɭУû뵽Ȼֳǰ
Ҷʱ䣬ԣ˶ΪѾħ޵ĿС
û뵽ȻƽĻˣ˵ĳǳ
Ҷѯʮ飬ҲȻˡ
Ǹ첻ߵˣʮ̼ǿ춼Һǳʲô¸ɲ
ϳҶ֮󣬾ݵľȣܶ˶ĺ˾룬Ըվ̫
䣡
Զսϣ׷ħоʥսÿһԻء
սϲϱֲĻϢҫ۵Ĺâ
ȻδСɱǹħȴһҲû·磬ѹаʬ
ҶӵۣȻܶãĿҲǳܼģڳЩ峤֮⣬Ҳֻܹսеһˡ
ħս죬ǿ似չаʬýڽڰˣХ
аʬȻӴ󣬳ѹԵƣʵϣԾɲ⣬ж׾
֮սҶ뵽ڵһϵԢԣǾʨӺӵĹ¡
ڣаʬͷʨӣȻӴʵҲȹħ߳һأȴж׾ȫ˱λá
ǹħռСıˣƵƵɺ͸ʴԵ֮аʬϣһҫ۵Ĺâ
аʬҲǼ俹忰ɽ𣬹ħ˰죬ȻӲûܹķ
һսҶĳңӹħѧ˲õĶ
ħսޱȷḻ֮ĿҲۣһֵʮֵ
Ǹһͷҷʮеһǿĺ˼ǿĺ˵Ѿﵽħʦ۷徳磬ɴ𼶱ݣԽսħ𾳽ǿߡ
ҶۿսͬʱϻҲʮǿ
ϻõĽܣҶעһĺ
еȣۣΨһͷɫͷۡ
ʱ֮УλΪǰ֮ûκ˿
ǸϹǵڶ޼ҵǿһԳ򣬿ʥʵǳֲ
ϻýŽܡ
ʱսϵҲ˸ı䣬аʬ籡Ũҵʬһħһ㣬һƱգԶչս˶̲סһз
˿ֲĹһ֮£ܹĨƽһ壬һʱܹһųĳɷ档
ħʩչ˫⣬Ȼƿаʬķ͸Сס
ǡ
Ҷһͫ˲С뵽ħۣҲǴħõħ
͸ղŹħʩչ֮ͬ
Ҷģ⣬ܣ𽥵õһüĿ֮ӵϿյɫϣֱüĻۡײ
ҶоԼüĵɹλͻͻֱ֮ļ
ˣ
Ҷаһħ۵ȷֳ֮·ͷȻüɹλײŷֲĻ֮
Ȼûħ۵ţħ۵Ȼǳֲ
⽫һɱﵣҪĻڱʱԼĶֳһ±ħ۵Ĺâеĸо
Ѿ֪ˣҾͲˣǸںеǵĴǿī죬ʵΪأ˵ܹɱΣѷ
ϻò֪ҶѾˣڲͣΪš




1807 ǰ
սĻ
ħչֳ˾֮ˣӲǽаʬˡ
аʬǧɾµʱħɭֶˡ
¡
ħкܶཨùˣ˲ûΪͨħƽ
ڻɱаʬ֮ѡҲûпʼ
ֱҶŽӵ֪ͨ㳡ȥϽħɸѡʸμѡǰһˡ
ϻú˵ͬ£Ҷ㳡
˿̹㳡Ѿвˣܶ඼һǿͬ
Ȼħɭмʧ֮һħᾫӢ˿̵Ĺ㳡Ϊ
ҪżźöӣһһͬվһԵȺ򡣡
һ͵վڹ㳡ǰľ޴ʯ̨ϣӡ
һɧ֮ǽƽ
Ҷע⵽ʯ̨һſ̫ʦΣ̫ħƤԵö
ʼɣ
һ̫ʦϽԻ׷Ӱ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱġ
Ҷһ֪ԼڵʵͰ׷ȣԵơ
Ҫǿ
Ҷ߬ȭͷ
վԽߣӴĲξԽߣҲԽܲԼĲ㡣
ǵپۣӾʮأΪۼǿߣֻܱԼں˻
УҶ׵˽ʮǿ˺ó
һжϻõĹֳͣϣԼòȻ󣬻ȡ˲صϡ
ϻΪһУҶС
ħҲǶ֮ϻòǡ
뿪֮ǰһ㲻ܵκ˺
ϻǹдŹҶĵ׷ġ
Ҷ֮ˣϻΪ̫̫࣬ʯĳҲữָᡣ
̭ڿʼλѡ׼̨Լɱħȡħóɳ
͵ɨһˣ˵ֻϽħ࣬õǰһܹýʸԣÿϽɵħǶ¼ڰɳѡڿʼ̨Ͻħ
˵꣬߱˵һԣĬĬעųɳĶ飬ά
Ļ£ڵһ̨׷Ϲҽ˾ͽʣ˾ͽ塣
׷΢ͷʾԼ֪ˣչʾԼõħҪҵʱ䡣
˾ͽҲϻֱóһãһΣǿһСħʮɫɢŨϢ
Ʒħٿ飬Ʒħʮ飬ʮȡʱ䳬һ£ڣߣֱȡʸ񣡡
׷ֻһֱۣ˶ԡ
˾ͽʴҲҳº罬ΨΨŵŵľһͨʯ̨
ˢ
׷һ̨֣ϵħ˲ʧˣ֪սʲôС
׷Ŀ磬ħȡʱ䶼ܿһҪǰõħϣˡ
úܶɫ࣬ΪǴмħΪܹǰһܶ嶼ϧףصħó
ϧϷڰ׷ǰ治תٱֵĻֱȡʸǿɾ͵ʴˡ
ΪϽɵħǲ˵ģһ֣ϣħȥ
һʱ䣬㳡ɧ֮Уܶ໹ûŵѡֶڼԼħԼոյõħеľħѡ
һĻҶЦˣ׵鲻ڵʢУ޾ǿħ綼ס
׷ԭǸӣһĻԤ֮С
ħ˽ԸǲײŽйˡ
Ҷ磬ħûһǰõģһҪó
ϻýҶѯʡ
ϵ̫ˣҪҶһб̭Ļӿɾʹˡ
Ȼħɭʧ֮һѡ֣ʣµԾпֲһˡ
Ȼֻܹаٷ֮һٷ֮ʮŵ˶ᱻ̭
һ̭Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ɧҹһڶ̨ϹȻóԼõħ
׷Ծһ۱㱨ħ
һԣר˼أеıˢˢдͣæĲֺ
̨ԽԽ̨࣬Ҳʱ̾Ϊ˻õħǳɹۣӦܹǰһˡ
˻ϲǣϽɵħֻ࣬ǿһСѡ
ڳĿ;׼ж£Ŀǲܵġ
ԣڽļУϽɵħٵÿƷʼܶ
Ͻɵħϳ˵ȻüЦΪԼǰһǲġ
ЩõħǴͷɥ
ʱһһεĹȥʯ̨ϲϵ£һѶħʧ
Ƕľˣǿó޴ħرϳ˵ħŻǵעۣҲܿ;
ãҽ£ңҴ˴λȡħ
ʯ̨ϣһݵӰˣϹ
Ҷһ񣬴ʮǿˣóħǰһ
Ҳڴţ̨ʱǾϳ뿴ܹȡħ
Ҫ֪ħħ޵ıԴħǲܹģվﲻĵȡ
ԣӻȡħʲôƷʵģܴſѡֵʵˡ
°Ȼһһħʯ̨ϣɢɫĹһŨ֮òħʿеһ
찡ôôħ
ô࣬ǧö˰ɣҴ󲿷ֶƷʲƷħ
ʮͷ治ǸǵģȻӦʵ
ѡγʮһǿ߻ǻᱻʮ˰ɣ
ǿɲһˣʮ庫ҵǿ˺սѾˣ϶˲λõġ
īҵǿīĻϣģϧԶҲܻˣ
ڿϽɵħ֮󣬺ܶ˶֮̾Ľ֮
أǽ˼ѡϣ׷ײ²˭ܽ溫ңŵʮλȱ
ҾãҵǸǿ˺ǿ󣬻ϣ˵ĻôʮеĺҵλͲˡ
Ϲ˵Ϊļҵǿϣ
ҵǿ˲ϣ
ǿˡ

Ϊ˼ᶨԼжϣܶ˶ߣ첲ӵҪ
ྲ
һȣʱǹ˵㳡˲侲
ͼħʮ飬мħʮ飬߼ħ飡
׷¶һ˿Цݣĵͷ
緢ʯ̨ӭǼĻΧ˵Ĺϲ
Ҷѣ
ǫ˵ɴıУ˿ǫ˼
ɽبǰ棬ܶѡóħ˵Ȥˡ
ΪóħȣǵľԵ̫ˡ
ԾڼȴѵˮûжעˣϾ̫ˣעҪ̭ġ
˿̣ҶǰԾһкܾòֵ
óأ
Ҷ˼ϵħ̫ˣǺרɱߵЩǿȣҲǶü
ȫóĻ»ᾪ˵°͡
Ϊϣʵħʦ۷徳ħ޲ļƷħö˵ƷħƷħˣû
ȫóкüܰʯ̨ռˡ
ȫóΪҪһ֣뿪磬Ū̺Ŵ֮ħͲˡ
Ҷ磬̨ˣ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻϻõ
̧ͷһǰȻûˣ֪УѾֵˣ


1808 ԶԶ
Ȼˡ
ҶȻʧЦҲʱǻΣʱ̣һܾû
ৣ
ҶعͬʱһĿɨ
һĿ̺ɻ󡢺桭
ҶȻħûжã֮ǰҲ֮ڹȥǺǳ죬ȥȻֻɱīˣνǷͷһʱܼ
գ֪Ȼ޷ʮǿȣҲһеˡ
˿̣˶ɻҶк̣ȻҵϼҺīȻͬʱҲܺ棬Ҷܹóħ
ӵ磬ҶӦĿĳ棬˿һĿ⣬һسǰȥ
˵һܹóħ
ȻܹɱīʵħӦò٣ǰһⲻ󡣡
Ҷһʯֳ̨ϸС˶ڲ²Ҷܹóħ
٣īһˣܻɱīʲô⣬ܹҴħɭлųѾѵˣָóħ
۷׷׵ʱһܴ󣬼ֳÿһ˶С
ţ
ͻߣ˾һ
Ȼû뵽Ҷ̨ʱ򣬾Ȼıʡ
Ҷһ
죬ֻɱīʵ̫ˡ
෴ûǲŽвԾ
һʱ䣬㳡ѻȸţ˵ĿⶼȺеһϡ
һѪɫۣɫĮư㱻עҲ˿⣬ɫġ
˵ʲô
ҶһУϻȴˣɫһ䣬ǰһʵ
٣Сӣܿ㣬ðˣĸȴֵϧѳӻ࣡
ѪһϷŰؿϻãǸоϻ޴ŮˣõһԾŵĻᡣ
㡭
ϻɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ʲô˵û
ԭ쿴ϵǸŮˡ
Ҵ̽ϢǸŮƫԶһСĴˡ
ƫԶܹˣһ£
٣кãûĦ˹ղ˵ǸϻõŮ˾ܾ쵱檣ֱ޴

̶ʱڣ˶עתƵϻϣ׷ϻõ飬ҶҪóħȤʱ
ԭ̵һ߹
ۿϻóԱҶͣ½ŲЦ˵
˵ʲô
Ħ˹ɫһ䣬ŭĿҶ
ͬҶ˵ߵͷ߹ղųҶϻãȫΪƨ
ѵ㲻߹ҶһϷŰʡ
㡭
Ħ˹ŭֹȻߵͷ߹ʵ෴ħʦ۷壬ʮǿȣҲѷɫ̫١
ǿʵ͵λԺյӡ
һУǰߵﶼǺߵģ˸˽Ӷص
ѵӣڶĺúõģѵһ߹͵ӵҶЦݲϷŰ֮Ũ
㡭
Ħ˹һעҪ˵ôʲô
͵Ħ˹Ҫߵʱ쿪ˣ²𣬵ȴ¶ɱ
˵ǣ
ȻĦ˹бŭѣĻǿѹסĵŭ⡣
ŶԹӵĻû²ҪϹлóһħǺΣ
ҶȫвϷŰ˵һ䣬Ȼʧ̬ȥ
㡭ħŽǰʮĦ˹̲סػ
ҵħŽǰʮ¸ϻÿͷ̣ȻϴΣ
Ҷͣ½ŲĿ絶һ㶢Ħ˹֮ԽӶشĦ˹ҪΪ˸ϻó
ϾϻΪžܾף
ϻ˶ί
ŲǰʮأĦ˹ۣŴͺ
Ҹ¿ͷһүүΣҶһһ
ã
Ħ˹Ҳ룬ֱӦѹͲҶܹóôħ
һԵüͷǺֱĦ˹ҪԼˣҲ˵ʲô
Ҽ֤ҵħܹŽǰʮϻÿͷһϴ
Ҷ˹˹֣Ȼʯ̨
ħŽǰʮ𣿡
ϻصҶĻҶǹ°ıӰ˶аԼ

һ̣Ҷһӣһſ֮ʮħƾճ֣ʯ̨

һĻħڣ˶Բ۾
ΪҶ˿óħ֮ǰÿһˣ
ңԶԶ
찡ҵ۾ûɣ
ôôħ
ǰǼҴҲûôħһ붼

ݵİټĹ㳡ͬһտĿˮһ㣬ʱˡ
һϵ𣬳㳡
ЩμӴ˴δǣһſħг𾪻𾪣
ڵľŴǿҲ⣡
ʮǿߺ͹ħȾǿߣҲǾȲѣ
ǲ֪ǣҶ˿óħһ붼
Ҷ磬ҵĽ
ϻ۷ŹضŶħʯ̨˷ܵش󺰵˫֮оǰ⣬гŸж
жΪ֪ҶȫΪ˸
⡭ôܣ
Ħ˹ɵˣҲû뵽Ȼһ
ԣôħ϶ǰħðģ
ɵ۹Ħ˹ͻȻ뵽ʲô˻
ţ
Ħ˹⻰һԭֵĹ㳡˶ĿͶҶƺ֤ʵĦ˹Ĳ²Ƿʵ
飡
һɵĿ⣬ҶıŹħ΢΢Ϲ顣
ã
ħҲΪ棬֪ҶħǷȫħɭ֣ҶĻǰ顣
ৣ
£ħħ⣬ʯ̨
ţ
һ̣˵עУħı͵һ䣡
Ҿ֪ǰħðģ
һĻĦ˹ΪԼĲ²ģ¹ЦЦ֮гŵͿϣ½үү
죡
ӦĦ˹һħһȡ
Ħ˹һ̱ڵء
ħ˫ۻָƽ飬Ҷóħȫħɭ֣
⡭ôܣ
Ħ˹ٴɵۣһԵڵء
һôܵõôħ
ͬʱٴνĿͶҶгź档
ҶóЩħѡϵϢû´ĻħǴϵõİɣ
Ǻͬʱħˣˡ

ɲǼ䣬ٴһǵɴ۾ҶȴҶĻش
ǵģ
˵ע£Ҷˣ쳹㳡˴һȺɱңҷɱϵħΪҵսƷ


1809 һŭΪ
սƷ
һʱ䣬Ҷ쳹㳡սƷָÿһ˵ࡣ
ԭˣ˵һôܵõôħԭǴģ
ܿ죬˴лعһȻ
ģҲ̫ˡɱ˶ˣ
˿ˣһ˹ؼ
СҼɱİɣ
ʱīһǿ߿ˣĿ絶һ㶢ҶɱŨǸо·ֻҪҶҵͷӦֽҶɱ
Ҫ꣬ҪˣҾ·
ī˵ıʣҶǵ壬ǿƻӦ
ΪձĹ涨ѡֿԻɱħΪûΥ
һ£ħܳͷ
Щɱ֮˵붯֣ҲҪʹħǷԸ⣡
㡭
īǿҶĻŭһһӣһħƾճ֣Ҷ
󵨣
Ȼħһ˫һɣħХ˲佫ֻħƺ˷顣
~
һĻīǿߵһʶԼ³çŵæ˺һȥħһۡ
ҶħȻǴѡģûΥ涨ٸһأҲ
ħɨһīǿߣĿδȺɨŵЩԭֵһǿǷ׷׷еͷɱڵضҶ
Ȼֻʱ˻ɱҶͷҶ޷ǰʮõϽĴĻƱػɱҶ
һ̺ɱĿ⣬ҶɫƽһҲûзϡ
νʭӶ˲
˺Ƥһ𣬾ע޷ħˣ
ϼҶ壬οīҵȼ壿
ۿҶڶһǿ߳ɱ⣬治ɫħаԵͷͬʱؿҶһۣƺҶʲô
Ҷ˹ħе˼΢΢ףʾл
ৣ
ħӰһʯ̨ƮԶලǰ
Ҷͼħһǧٿ飬мħ飬߼ħ飬Ŀǰвѡģ
Źħ뿪˶ƷʵߣǺؿҶһۣȻ
һ
Ϻٴ˵
ǰԵƬ̣
ҶæϹ֣ʾͣҵ̨óħ֮ǰ߹ڴģҵƬ̣жԼ
ԣԥĬĬ˵ͷҶĦ˹ĶԼǵģ˶Լ֤Ħ˹ģ
㡭
ۿߵͷĦ˹ɫ˲һƬҰףؿҶ
ѵóħŽǰʮô
ҶĦ˹Ļʵ

Ħ˹죬Զԡ
Ҷղóħ֮ǰߵļҴ࣬Ҫ˵ǰʮпܻΪģ
㲻˵ǾĬˡ
Ҷٴοڣ˵֮ǰĶԼóħܹŽǰʮҪڸϻÿͷһ̣ϴ
룡
Ħ˹ŭҶĻ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǲһѵϻãΪϻ֪õԾŵĻᡣ
ȴҪڸϻÿͷϴ
޷ܵģ
׻˵ˡ죬ĹԸķ䣬Ҳòȥɣ
Ҷƺϵδ𣬶ϷŰؿ˵
Ħ˹
ԣɱһţһ
ϡ١
Ħ˹ƺʶҪ˵ʲôŵͷ۲ֱˣֹ
Ըķ䣡
ޱ顣
ϡ٣
Ħ˹һؿ죬ϣܹջĸ֡
㣡
ɭ䣬ڵڶ͵ɱԼ߹֮䣬ֻѡڶ
⣡
ٴĻĦ˹ͷһŤͷãȻؿǸ֮ǰһǴŮ
鲻Խս˫ȭ֮г˲ʣ
Ȼ
ղ˵ĻеĲʶʱʧӰ٣ȡ֮Ǵδй衣
ž
ž
ž

һ߱Ƶʬһ㣬ӽӲϻãŲ
һʮߵϻõǰ
ȫž
飡
һ̣촫Ħ˹һ䣬˫ϥڵϣõѡ
Ŀ֮£Ħ˹ϻý£
̣Բԭң
˵עУĦ˹ѵؿˣŭ

£͵صضαˣ˲صǰ
飡
˫ϥٴεأһ͹һſڵϣĽţĵԲ٣Ҹˣ
Ҷɷ⣿
ûĦ˹ģɱȻضҶ
Ĺ
ҶȻ壬ǿƻӦ
챣㣬ڱңܹǰʮãܣ
ѹƵɱͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼŷ
٣䵱Ķ֣ңһڱнʬΣ
Ħ˹ԣ͵תͷ˫۷ضҶҪ
ãڱǸӵҴ
һѽĦ˹ͳ֮󣬵湻Ǹӣ㽫㣬裡
л٣
ĳŵĦ˹еԹɢһЩǱ˶־һ㣬µɱһֱָҶ
Ҷˣ
ܱܿǰʮĻɣ
ǸϻõŮҲˣĦ˹ԲŹ

Ħ˹һһū̸ϣԭĹ㳡ٴ
ǿµҶΨһ·ǳɹǰʮϽ￴ءߣɣ
ǰұǡ֮Ҹһҫ
ʯ̨ԣҶĿͶϻãڣڻӦˣڸϻ³ŵ
ϻûһ档




1810 ľ
жһŵֵǧ
һ̣Ҷɣ۾٣£Ӳ
Ҷ磬ϻöߣ㲢սһ̣벻
ϻۺ⣬мĸжһһҶȥ
У糱
һ̣оԼҸŮˣ

ҶЦˣ
Ҳģ
Ҷʯᶨб̰˻֮ơ
ϻ˫ļҸ
ҶеøӸߴһΰɽһױȵİȫС
־ǿ޵֮⣡
ϯ˻ģǿƣֻڴ˵𣿡
Ҷ˻ģսµ޵ƣֳܶ˶˾̾ȫҶסˡ
־𣬲ɺӽؿССħݲؽǺ嫵桭
ħ侫⣬ͷͬʱҲܺ棬һССħ壬Ȼܹ˾޵Ĵ
ħǱС˴Уħ޴ʧ
˲ˡ
۵һ˿Ĺâо˾޴в
Ҷ̫ǿˣвҶؽΪ֮ϵİʯпܳΪħ鷢
ľ֣ش֮
ϸֳһɭЦݡ
μ˿Իȥˣר֪ͨǡ
̨ϣ߿ڣʨ𣬹㳡ÿһ䡣
߰ɣȥϢˣ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ뿪˹㳡Ȼɹϣ
˵һͻеڶ
ܿ죬㳡ϲμ˱˴룬㳡϶ʱԵÿտ˲١
Сӣҵţѡ֮գ֮ʱ
īǿߵʱ򣬶ݺݵҶв
īīδϣ֮ǣȴҶУ˷ŭ
ǳĸ棬ղžͻ̵ķʽҶɱΪīֵ˱
ڣòŭĵĺ⣬ͼա
ɲΪһҶԼ
ҶԶûҪ
ԸõģֻԶҲʵ֣
Ҷ䲻ȵĻؾһ䣬Ѫ
ãããҿ㻹ŵʱ
īǿŭһݻҴȥ
òߣٲߵĻԼᱻҶֱӻ
Ҳ߰ɣ
ҶȻһЦ㳡ȥ˿ûнһ̺ɱϡ
֮Ҫ뿪ˣûҪںʲô
󡭡
̼ң챦ڵһ԰ڡ
ﻨ㣬ϢˮʯȪˮˣһ͵Ϣ
ıһᰲһ飬ҵ˵Ľһſڵģ𣿡
һϣжһͷľƱҡţǴݡ
٣ͷİɣ
ߣĦ˹˫ԹĹâ¹ϴһʱʱ̿ҧģ޲̽Ҷȭ¡
ܺã
һںȸɱоƣĹâʱҪɱֻҪϵΪУҪŮˣֻܿţܣ
˵񶾣ҹУ˻˲
ٺ١
Ħ˹ҲްĸЦһ촽ϵģڱϣһ֪ʲôϣ̿ʼҶȲˡ
ûԼҶֵһģΪҪ
찲Ҷһ飬ʲô¡
ħеЩȨǣ˳ħ֮⣬ܶ˶ʮǧ˿Ƶϵ
Щ˾Ǵʮ߳ȥġ
̼Ҳһ̫ϳڹħְȻܷѡֵģֽŻ׾ٵġ
һжע
쿴ſտյľƱ
һҴĲѡھ֮վǰһ˵
ҶȻУҲõ֪ͨճǰħ̨ϣеһֵı
û˸ʲô
ΪǳĽɾʹԳĽĲΡ
Ȩɣû˻ȥùͷ

ڶ졣
һͳĺŽǳçԶ·սĺŽǣħǴӳ˯оˡ
ÿһӵ֪ͨѡַ׷е˵ͬ£еһ·ħ̨򼯺ϡ
ħ̨ǹħبųһս̨˭Ҳ˵ڶˣƺȹħǵʷҪƾá
ħ̨ϱӲһǿҵɱϢûе̨ҲܸܵĲҴսϢ
ħ̨һֲ֪ʯ̶ɣ·˵بսħǵı
ħ̨ϣܲصķģеǳһ㣬ҫŹâ
Щģϵս̨𣬼ħսû⣬޷κˡ
Ҷϻõͬħ̨ʱѾвˣ½
ʮǿǰÿ˶ռһλá
ÿ϶ɢһϢһʵһ㣬ɱ
֮ڣûκ˸ҿ·һƬء
ֻϧʮ壬ֻо˵ʮ庫ҵǿ˺սԶܳˡ
Ҷܶ鲻ԽΪÿһ·ͨǰʮǿ˲С
ԭܼ򵥣
ҶǸ첻ߵˣ̼ҶҵУѾͽ˺ˮһΣ
Ĳ˵ħɭУһ˱նɱ˲֪ٲߣѪ̬ǿʵܹġ
Ҷһ֣Ӧ˺ü̺ɱĿͶ˿⡣
˶ӹţ
ôҪɱǡǡ֤ķǷǿ
Ƭ̣˵ˣһǿ߾ħ̨µȺδ֪ˣÿ϶ɢǿս⡣
ӭǵĽһϵ˵ĲսǱҪԼ״̬ѵ״̬ǿʵӭս
ܺãǺ׼ʱǿʼ飬ֵվ
ʯ̨ϣ߳ˣһʨɨһ飬ޱ˵
ǶħһӢеľӢֻѡγǿʮˣԣŬСǡ
ƽħӰħ̨ϸ֣ЦЦĴһۣһԵϡ
Ҷ죬Ϊħ̨λϻһħƤӣħȻû
ѵϽĽʹҪ
ҶҲһĻ׷𾪡
ϽĽʹ
˵ǾصĴʣ˭ҲûϽĽʹʲô
ٳ塢Ρ졢
𾪵ʱѾʼеһ
ܿ죬Ⱥ߳˾ˣվʮеھżĽǿĽ׵
ɨʮһۣ¡Ҷ衢ٴϡĦ˹
ٺ١
ԼҶֵһ飬Ħ˹һ촽̵Цˡ
ϵģԩ·խû뵽ɣ
Ħ˹Թһ㡣
Ҫ꣬Ҫˣ·
Ҷɫƽ




1811 һ
Ϊѡ֣Ҷһвûʮǿˡ
Ϊǿ˾
ԼҶΪһ飬˶Ħȭƣ׼Ҷ䡣
ǿҶƫԶС壬̫ǿʵ
֮ǰܹ֮;λǿһ뵽ħɭֺģ̽ħޱԭ򣬿ռ˺ܴɷ֡
Ҷĳ˲Ϣǧǿħ޵Ϯ

ħ̨ϣûжٿռӶݣֻҪħ̨ķΧˣֻܺԼӲӲ
ӲӲĻǼܹҶܣȭ¡
ܿ죬ڳһ˱㱻ѾϣλǿĴ˸һ飬
ҲΪ˹ƽǣ
λʮǿʵǳǿǹײĻ䣬ħ˵һɳܵʧ
ھǿʮ֮ٽʮǿλҲ
˻ϲ˳
ҶһİǿѡһĦȭƣԾԾԡ
ֵһüֻܹ侲
ܷɹʮǿҲҪһʧˣٲź
ʮǿ˾һɽѹͷǴ
չѡ֣ѡֽһڱпɳ֣˸ƾЮ˽ڣɳѡֵʥΪѡѡ֡
ϣһ±Ĺ򣬶󹧹ħʥ
Ĺħվɨһ۷ֳʮˣƽĵֳʮ飬νУӵʮ鿪ʼʮѡָ׼Ҫʥˣʥѡ˭˭һӭսѡ֡
˵䣬ħ˫һһ޴ͷУɢſֲѹ
ʥѡս˫
ħ̬ϵ޴ͷ񣬶˫ֽӡһħûͷڡ
䣡
һľҲӾ޴ͷͷīһ˫۶ڶһ㣬Ļꡣ
꣡
꣡
ͷ˫ڹ⣬ͬʱҶһϣһû
˵ѡӦòôɵĸպѡҶѡ֣ħʥʱѾһϢ
ǣ£ͷһâѡ˭һâȻҶϡ
𣿡
һ΢ֵһϲԼϿȥƺЩţôõήԼϡ
Ȼ㣬治ޣӼ˸ˣ
Աи˲޼ʵ˵
̫ˣչνѡն£
˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬·ѾҶԼܵĳ
ͬһʱ䣬һһͷźɫۼ׵ĸߴսǰһͷħݡ
ৣ
սгһڵħɢŨҵɷ֪նɱܼһħ
ϵģǰҵħѾͣȲˣ
һ˿֣ħ˲սֳֵ̨ɱڵָҶ
֪
ҶһһٿȻս̨ңңԣ֮ǧԶ
õȴѡûвУһսģᱻֹ˵
ٺ١üˣ
ЦһϣҶ̼ϵģҸᣬ䣬үүȻүĿȥ㲻
Ȼ̼ͨҶ̬ʧ⣬Ӷڱ޷ӳʵս

Ļʱ̨²˵ĺôЦ˶ϷʵĿҶڴʲôķӦ
ǰ£˷ͷֵʵսˣʲôı֡
޳ܣ
ϻ˫һȭ߬ţֱ֡
ԳҶ˿ƽʵԽ𣿡

˶ˣû뵽Ҷʱܱ侲̬
̫ˣ

첪Ȼŭһսħ˲ٵĵâֱҶնȥ

ͻȻҶһȣ·òʵõѡĸ
ţǾͿǱһĻ
Ҷһ⣬ӭĵâԳ˹ȥһȭͷҫ۵ĹâһƿֲĻϢ
䣡
Ҷȭͷ͵âײһеҶն龰ûг֣ĵâ˲ͱˡ
ϣ
Ҷһǰһɱһ㣬˰ٵâϷȭֱӽɫħˡ
ţ쾪ֵĿУҶȭͷٷŴ
ۡ
涨ҶȭͷݺݵĺԴϣ˲佫Դ䱬ˣ׵ԽѪ̻һ㱬鿪
һ

һ죬ԭΪԼ˸ˣȴһжûסͱҶɱˡ
˲ˣܶҶͬһ˶еľ㷲
Ȼ첻ħʦ۷ѣҶһС磬ҶܹһɱѾ㹻˵ˡ
һ̣˶Ǳ߬ס˲ӵļһӺ﷢Ŀ
ৣ
Ħ˹ɫҰףͷ亹һӾ͹ĳĿ־塣
ܹóҶûгȫ
Ȼ
ȻˣҶҲһɱ죬˵ʲô
˵Ҷʵɲ⣬ܹʮǿ˱ȼ磬Լսʤô
һ̣Ħ˹ˣ
̫ǿˣ
ʵһûмսʤ
ӣƺսжǿ
ҶǣŻħ̨ȥʱǲŴзӦ׷С
ûʤΪѾҪˡ
һ죬˿Ѿһ߱ʬ壬ϰȫѪࡣ
ѡôпᣬÿһѪȣ
ûвУûֹֻǿ߲ʸսϻûսߡ
ħ磬ôʵ
ħҵģ㲻ܴߣ
Ҷħ̨ʱһĿ߳˹˵
ҵսƷҪĻñɣ
Ҷᣬֱϻǰƽ˵ѡϵĵһսƷм塣
㡭
ҵ߼ѪȴóȻֻ֣ͶȥȵĿ⡣
īǿߵǰ֮ǰɲóȻҶ֣ŭ˳ĻԼ
ֹҶѻսңС϶м
ս֮ǰ˱ȻѾҶսƷȨĹ
ħޱ˵սսߣƷʤУħĴͳѵҪٴ𣿡
仰һڣҵ߶ʱƿԣεˡ
ħ˵ûսߵƷսʤУһħĴͳ˲֪˲
һ飡
䶨ߵ̨
еľ޴ͷ˫ٴâֱҶһϡ




1812 ųǿߣ
㳡һƬžһɵѪζ
˶ҶͶȥĿ⡣
һɱ֣Ҫôǿʵ
Ҷµӣ𾪡
ıԵնɱ飬һ㣿
ȻҲżǿʣɱ˶˵ͬҳ㷹һ㣬˿ʲô
ܹҶڻɱ˶֮£·ղųֵĸͲƵᣬ¾ûмܹˡ
һΣյĶ֣
һ̣ʮǿ˲ſʼƫԶС߳ǿߡ
һʼҶȻںǳ죬ŭնīֵ÷зǷꡣ
Щ˸ûнҶһԺƽȵĶֻ֣ǰһ˶ѡ
ħ磬Ŀ˺ܶ࣬³ȴܱңûмܹġ
ϾʮѪҲǳǿ󣬷Ҳھпħӵһϯ֮ˡ
οʮ弸ռħԴİٷ֮ʮ࣬һ롣
ʣµԴŹħ䡣
ʣµУһЩռ˴Դһռ˺ܶ࣬䵽СԴûж١
ʮǿˣԴӳ͸߸ϣǿСǿˣ϶ѡ
ڣһΪϵˣȻ˺ƽȣԽǵʵʮǿжһ˿
ѵħֽҪ
ǣܶһξ޴𶯣ħҪˣ
ҲԼĵλ
Ϊкҵףǿ˺սѾ䣬ζźҽʮгˡ
ҶǿҲֻɱʮǿӦвԼĵλ
Ȼڰ˺͵ھżǿȴһɫ
ҲһɱһԶǿˡ
ųǿߣ
ЩСǿˣԴϸ޷ȣЩ־㣬Һ
ΪǼ縺˼Ρ
ڸԴѷ£ľֻԼһ𣬽Ʋɵ
ʮĵλҲبŲġ
ʵϣħ̭Ǻܸߵģһǿļ壬ܹάǧ겻Ѿ漣ˡ
ڵʮ壬϶ǧ֮ڲģԭҲС塣
ǿʳ߾ϵƣܹ֤ħϡ
˸˼ʱ򣬵ʮ˵̨ˣ
ûʼһ̨չɱҵײնˡ
ɱ
һ۵ſڳХһ챾Դħ˲񷡣
ħУһٷŴ˸ѪɫĹâѹȥ

Ķһµˣɢŵâƻá
һȣͬһ챾Դħһɫӣա
ɫħУһɫĴӡգݺײȥӡϷܲǳ
䣡
ɫӡײһ𣬶ʱҫ۵âƬ˲ˣһֲĺڶһ
𶯣췭ظ
ħ̨ϵĻһƬضᱻˡ
ħʦڵ˵ʵνˣԶԶҶղŵĴ򶷾ʶˡ
ľʣȴûи˴޴𺳣˶Ϊ磬ܹӳʵӦõġ
Ҷ˵ȴױȵġ
ôҲħʦ۷ʵܹħɭֵıл˵˺ܶ⡣
Ȼ
ҶǰǿһûиҶκ˺Ҷħûгֻһȭ˴ħȫˡ
Ƽ򵥣ûκλڵĶҲ̨ϵ˴ôʷ׳ʣĶǡ
һȴ˵ױȵĳ
Ҷնɱ죬ͺһֻô򵥣ƺѴ֮Ԥе̫ˡ
ܹɱǿʣ̨˶ǷǳǿģͶ㶼űص
ȻǶʮǿˣʵ˵Ѿѷɫˡ
Ҷһ޶࣬ҲԴĶѡӣ似ǿѡ
һЩǵС壬ʵǰһǿĴУڹ似ϲʮ١
ħѹ
һȣѪɫ˲ŴأصħϢ¡һѹ£·ϲԽһֻѹ
ʥħӡҿ
˿̣ҲˣſһͷѪɲǼ䣬ʥħӡâţ·һɫ̫ҫأħǶӳճɫ
䣡
һξҵײħĿĹ⻪úܶ
꣡
һ촫ɸߵѪɫϲѺۣһ鿪
ն
˵ƲˣֳɫʥħӡֱȥҩƷɱ
˼æе䣬ˣһ
˵䣬ֱ˵Ĺˣɫ԰ֽǹѪ˿񾪿ޱȡ
Ȼڹһ̣Ҳܵ˼ش򲻿ܾʹ䡣
Ȼ
˸û磬ʥħӡЮŻħͷȥ
ۣ
˽߾ȫֿ֮˶ȼˣȴסʥһӱҳࡣ
ҲҪ䣡˿˵һ仰Ҷȥ
ڴźһս
ƣҶЦˣ֣ͦȤģ벻档
ģһսĻһҶ˵
ĺϲˣܹõĻԼħܻϻõһ
ͬûʤ
Ҳû
ں˱ҳһ̣Ѿˡ
ҶҶ˶֣һͷսʲôҲûš
һʥħϧʥħӡˣʲôҲû¡
̫пˣܼ
ûмܹ뿪
ôпᣬĻֱ䣬̨ˡ
ս˶ۣЩ˿ֻùģΪ̭Ļ̫пˡ
ЩԾԾԣΪԼֵܹ󣬳ɹɱǰʮ
һ̣ʮĴ˶ˣǸܵ˾޴в
һʿѡƴʱܹǱܹŶһ
о޴ͷɲ뷨ڴս֮ٴοʼ⡣
꣡
꣡
ûʼо޴ͷֱڵʮϡ
ˣ
âһţսϷѾѡˣȻĦ˹ˡ
ٺ١Ħ˹һЦģʵڲôãȻײҵ
¹˭ֻ˵Ҫ˵̫ˣķ
ȻԶ壬ҲһǿˣҪǣǼԶʱڣҲʮ֮һ˲õˡ
ǾͲҪ˷ʱˣһʵ˵ɣ
Ħ˹һЦһͷ޴һ㣬ƮƮħ̨ϣֵ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
˿壬˫⣬ӰһΣһħ̨ϣĦ˹ңңԡ




1813 Ħ˹ʵ
ħ̨µЩ
ħ̨ɥòжһֲԤС
ⳡҲ̫ƽˡ
ϣֻҪ֣ͱȻһѪħ̨
̶̰ʱʮѾֻʣ°ˣʣµֵܷ˵
ĶǵĽúܶ嶼еĲ
ʲôѡ

ֻҪϳûеֽ
Ȼˣ˴󷢴ȱûڻʤ֮ɱ֡
ħ˵΢΢ġ
Ħ˹ⳡҶעϻõҪ£濴
ϻõ˵ÿһ嶼ĵطҲܳ棬ͱ̲ˡ
Ħ˹ȻֻһҲйǿ֮ҶҪģһСıҧˡ
ϻ˵ҶݸһЦ
˵ʵûĦ˹һ͵Ĺѣҧ˵ĹС
˽û¡
䣡
̨ϣĦ˹ûκηϻվ˾ֱչ˹йâһһһڴ󴸾˹ȥ
һλλԭһӰ˫һչһ׳ǹУһĦ˹ȥ
ϣ
һ죬Ħ˹ĺɫô󴸵ǹϣ貵Ĺâ
ţһɫô󴸣˫ץסǹӲĽ۶ˡ

Ҷһû뵽Լ͹Ħ˹ƾһ֣ս;ʮǿˡ
ȻˣŽǰЩûȵģǲСĶ֡
Ħ˹Ȼôǿ
ϻҲˣսȻҶħ磬Ҳǰʮˡ
ǿҲûã
Ҷƽ˵
ҲĦ˹ı֣еڰ˺͵ھǿҲȻɫ䡣
ʵܹǹвˡ
û뵽һѣȻ˿ֲսеԽܡ
ʵϣʮǿˣﶼǷǳģûнĴ˷
ڣǲŷ֣ʮĸ֣ʲôǿĻʿ
ǹ۶ϣеǳ𾪣ǹȻʲôħҲǿߵĹͷɣӲ
Ħ˹ȻӲ۶ˣ塣
ȻҲǳصģǹֻڶֶеһѡ
ȭ
һȣֱۺȭͷ˲串һɫۼףݺݵĦ˹Żȥ
˵ϹħѪڿ治١
Ħ˹Хһɭɭ˵ԾҪ
˵䣬Ħ˹Ҳһȭȭͷȼɫħա
䣡
ۼ׷׷ɣ˵ȭͷײһĦ˹յɳȥüԶͨһˤħ̨ϡ
һߣڱѪұ۶ˣѪ࣬۵һŤˡ

ڷɽһϢ·ԶŵѪһ
ӡǿɣս
˷˾޴ı仯һžıУǣʧȥұҲ˳һɿֲѹϯħ̨
໺𡭡
һ̣軯ħھ֮ϣĦ˹˻ȥ
飡
һצӽĦ˹ķɳȥʮԶ˲٣һ·Ѫ

Ʋˣ״̬άֲ˶ãһԭΣսᱩɱֵĻµȶֻľˡ
ԣֺ飬޴צգ磬Ħ˹Ƥһȥ
飡
һĦ˹ЩĳСѪ磬˺ɳȥԶħ̨
ٺٺٺ١
˭Ҳû뵽ʱĦ˹ȻЦˣڿޣ
𣿡
Ҳ裡
Ħ˹ûжٱ£עҪˡ
һĻ̨²˶ۣĦ˹ˣҶֵʸûС
ȻҶȴôΪãĦ˹Ȼɱﵣֻһ̶ֱѣҲ湻̵ģˣԾɲϳʾԼĵơ
ӦŶԸģֻû뵽ǰƵزòɱˡ
Ȼ
Ħ˹ЦϣӵվһǵѪգĶſе裬˵һŶԸϵСֵģû뵽Ƶزȥˣ
Ħ˹ı仯ͷҲ𻰣ֱӸҪĦ˹֮ǰɵ
𡭡
Ħ˹ͻȻڣһ޴ò˶ۣҲһ衣
һٱ󣬱ΣȻһ޴ޱȵĹ״
칷
Ħ˹ɭɭÿ˵Ķ칷ſѪڣһڽҧˡ

ҽУ˰ӣԶȥ־ˣҪս
Ȼ
Ħ˹ͲᣬХһһ׷ȥһڽϰҲȥ

Ҫ
ͬʱУ˾ȴ޷ıʲô
һ콾裬ǿˣҵĴ뽾ΪܹȼԶʣȴ϶ˡ
ԡԡ
ݾ׽ͷÿɱǿĲѡֶԸеľ
һֲĶ֣˷׷Ħ˹һ飬һײгԵļһ˭Ҳɡ
Ҷ۾ˣ֣һ󣬸ͲĦ˹ıô󣬵ȴǳʵ
ңһĦ˹칷ʳ֮һᱻգıԴ
һַǳµħ˵׼ǿߴĹ
ħԣһ׼ۼҪǿһЩ
ٺ١
Ħ˹СָǹŲĩѪЦԵøֲ
ͬǿߵѪ⣬ǳζ
Ħ˹˵
תͷҶȥɭ˵ҺڴѪ⣬Ҳ㣬ֻὫУؿŮˡ
ȻˣʲôʱˣҲܷһҺڴһ̵ĵ
㲻ȵһˣһпķʽȥ
Ħ˹ƣҶסɱ⣬ƽ˵
˵ϵսʤĦ˹𣿡
ҿеĦ˹󱬷̫ǿˣﲻ̡
ҶҲǿ󰡣
һĻ̨ºܶ˶ۣܺҶܲսʤĦ˹칷ؼ
ϾղĦ˹չһؼʱǿĿõġ
ѾڵӡôأǱˣ
Ľ;ĿУĦ˹ħ̨һսʤԷ
Ȼ֮ǰең칷ؼʹ֮תڸоޱȵĺá
ԴֻҪúһʵһ̨ס
ʱٴʩչ칷ؼʱҲӵӦ֡
һ̣ʰģΪҶȻǿȴûӦΪ塣




1814 гŵ

еͷٴ⣬âϣѡ˶֡
ͬʱǿҵս⣬ͬʱ̨չ˼ҵս
â죬ħҫۣϢħ̨˵Ӱ
ΨҶܹ͸ħƿе龰
սһʱ䣬ضˣħ̨Ϲâҫۣؽ赲ನйĻħ̨Χ˶Ҫתħֵܵˡ
飡
һ˺ɳٰķѣڷ
ܼζ
ⳡѡпᡢѪȣ˾㤣
ܿ죬ҶһĵһֱˣԭʮˣҲֻʣˣ
УҶÿ϶ɢһŨҵɷ·߳ޡ
ҶƵᣬԽı˿ûзϣ
Ӱ죬ϻҲԽıģ
ţû赲ҶǰʮĽŲ
ʮʱϢеǵھ飬ʥ
ѪȾսµٴϴħ̨ϴ֮ߵٴ
ಣ
ħ΢΢һЦָһһħеľ޴ͷС

޴ͷ˸ڽĹââ£ڵھżǿĽ׺һϡ
âһûĽ϶ʱɢһƣһʵһ㣬ɱȻ
ͬʱһǿҲɢһɲҵϢ·һͷ޾ˡ
ৣ
˼ͬʱħ̨ϣսʵʣݺݵײһħ̨Ϸ·һ쫷硣
ûʼ˱εսײһǡ
Ľ˿۾ûգһ£ɱķâ˫ӥһضŶ֡
Ķɫһ䣬վˣɫøѿ
ûнֻ֣ǱǰսƴѾ·磬һսǳѣ׶༪١
ԭܼ򵥣Σ似Ѿû̫ˡ˴֮ӵе似Ʒʶࡣ
ƴ޷ơս⡢־һ·磬ѾעҪˡ
漣Ҫ·תս֣ǲܵġ
ȻˣַǳǿؼܹսзӾ޴ãܹŤתսֵġ
֮ڣս
ĽЦˣɭһĿԼĶ֣˿ûн
ʼ֣
һʼսıƴϣĶѾ·磬ⳡѾû

Ľ׵Ķһǿս⣬׼ƴһ
Ϊ˼壬ΪԼδòˡ
ħ̨룬Ľһսһ㣬ɢս⡣
䣡
ͬʱ֣˲ײһ𣬱ҫ۵ĹâϢ֮
ء
ڵħħ̨治ʱ޵̶
飡
Ľһĳڵצһ˺յħ⣬ݿĻ˶ֵķݺݵӡǰֱӽ˳ȥ
ۣ
һѪɫ˲òҰֽϢ飬ۿˡ

Ľ׿Ц˵֮ڽսֻӣ
Ļ찵ȥҡ£ͨһԵڵϣ
Ľ׹Ȼǿ󣬲Ϊѡ֣ʵѹͬ
Ľ̨ȥʱȺһ˶ʵ
Ҫ֪Ķ֣Ӿ˵٣ȴڶ̶֮ھͱɱˡ
ս˾壡
һĽţҵĲɱʱӮкѡ֮⣬ѡ֮ʵ޼þʷ׳ʣδŵ׷׳֣òĿ࣬۸
ھ峡ܿҲˣֻ˻ħ̨Զ̨ϣ˱ʬ塣
Щսѡǵ˱˲ѣҲֻҪøõĵλԴǱҪ
սѡǵ˽ǲʬռħ̨֮󣬱ٴοʼˡ
ڰ顭
顭
顭
ÿһ鶼þĶǣеڰѡ֣Ҳǵڰ˼ǿˣЩֻɱֳ󾪺
ڰ˼˽ŲѣһᵽɤۣĶðˡ
ڰ˼ǿŭˣڵӡӳ˲ǿе֣Ҳ˺صˣѪֹ
һĻʮ˶еǰδеΣ
һһԶԶ꣬ÿѡֵʵǳǿ
ħ̨ĲɣķıĻڴսб촷ۡ
һⰡ
һʮ߾̾
ǰһȣǼֱ콾е콾ħˣ
һҶҡͷ̾
һһħʦ۷ѾԺɨһˣħʦ۷ǿ߱ȱȽǣмչֳ˿ֲʵ֮ˣܲ𾪣
ϣʤ֮Ѿˣ̫ͷ΢
ħ̨ŲҵϢŨصѪζÿһʯͷÿһ϶Ѫ
Ϣʱ
վһ£ֱ뿪ˡ
ֱʱǲžȵķ֣ħѴλʧˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱߵġ
ҶϻҲ뿪ˣҲܾеڶֵıˣ塣
Ҷ磬ı㲻𣿡ϻ˵֪֪ˣʤ
ûбҪ
Ҷ˵ıÿҲܲµõ϶֮ڻж֣пֻһС
ô˿϶ϻúʵ
⻹򵥣һÿ˶óԼǿʵһеУñ˿Լ·ⶼʣµˡ
˱߱ģӵֵȺܿ巻ǰ
ûȥҶ巻һ޵ĵѹвɵÿһ¡
ؼʱ̣ѵīˣ
Ҫ֪ڱڼ䣬κһǿ߶öԲѡֳ֣ȴԶ˳֡
īңǿǿûȥ㱻Լնɱˣںпܹǽϻõ壬ӶﵽԼĿġ
Ȼ
ܿʶԼˣҴĺף
Ϊ巻Ĳīҵˣǳħ
˿̣ڿ𻰣̸
Ҷϻ߽洺ӭЦҶ˵Сοɶ㣬ѾȰħ帴ˡ
ģ
仰ϻõһһѾε̫ˡ
ͷطħ΢ЦŵͷҶ˵ҶֵĲûпˣһʮǿУһϯ֮أǰгŵˡ
ˣҵ
Ҷ൱ھʥĹħɷǳƽ
ã費֣ؿɴʡ
ħЦģħұˡֻҪҹħڣħԶķٲʢ
ħͽħ壬ѾûмȥıҪˣ
ħ˵÷ǳɣȴѾˡ
һУֻҶľޱ֣




1815 ȭɱ
ıҶûȥһϣѡּ֮ڻ˶֣û˿
һɱ˶֣
Ҷǿǿ
ı󣬴Ϊ
ǿҶΪȫԸ˾˵ЧⲢܴҶʵܹʮǿ˿⡣
Ҷڱңʮ֮ڣ·
ĺݻνǶԼʮ㡣
ۣⷬҶֻǵһЦûз
ٺ죬һн㽫ʵ˵ԶԼվҪǿöࡣ
磬ҶûǺϻ˲巻ķͤѵõʱ⡣
˭Ҳû˵ôţ˴ܹԷһµƵʡ
ϻõԴؿҶļͷƺȻϢȴ˺ܶ࣬·һŮİߣҸĹâ
Ҹ֮Уȴһ˿İ
֪ԼҶշǳ֮ͻᱻϽĽʹϽȥˡ
Ӵ˺ܿҶܹǿ󵽴ƴϣϽӵǿ˻ټʱ
һ𣬿¾ˡ
Ҷ磬ϻףƽϲ֣ϻĬĬΪҶ
˿̣ҶҲǳӡ
磬Ҷ˵û˿ĺøУ̸ʲôС
ĹֻһǾǵֻеļ硣
Ȼ
ϻõ꣬޷ӦͽֻȥǰΪʲô
δԤڳĸ£ħͽħעΪʷħǿ
һҹ޻
ڶ첻çĺŽٴ𣬽Ǵӳ˯лѣ
ÿһվħ̨򼯺ϣѹѹһƬӰ
ıħ˵Ҳǿǰʢ٣ÿ˶֤һĳ
㲻Բμӣ֤һҲһϵҫԵҫʱ
ȻˣҲкܶǱǰѧϰĿģۿѡ֮սܹеõһЩԼͻΪϸһ¥
첻ħ̨ΧѾɽ˺һſɫͷ­ܶʿͷɫͬ
ͬĹһʿòҲźܴӰģϻãͷɫģ۾ɫ
ʿеͷǺɫɫɫҲеǰɫͻɫɫȵȡ
ԣȥħ̨ΧһƬ̵ԴҲεΪۡ
ţ
һЩɨ˱âҶͷֲ˶ԼͶ˲ѺõĿ⡣
ĿдŨŨĲмĦ˹Ŀһɱɱ⡣
һЩҲɱ
ʣЩԼǿħɭУǲҶɱģ㵽ͷϣ¶ǿҵĵ⡣
ߣ
Ҷ߹Ħ˹һɭݶһ˶ɵĶߣҶ
Ҷ벻⣬΢ЦԼλĦ˹ȫˡ

Ħ˹һ㶣ɫʱǵͨ죬ԷûаԼɶֱ֣һˡ
ָоһȭ˿մޱȱܡ
Ħ˹γԱˣ˼Ҹû£
ȺУֻ˵
ɲһŭ壬һƵᣬУûĦ˹Ѿ֡һĽӿڵ
һһͣĦ˹üըˣɭޱȡ
Ҷ쾪˵ı֣ԣܶ˶עϣܷԻ͡
Ҫ֪ʮλѡУֻʮǿˣֵܹĻдһδ棬һ񻰣
У߳ˣ̤նħ̨ϡ
һӼķϻ֮󣬱ʽʼˡ
ʱħҲϣִʥͷ֮С
꣡
꣡
âͷ۾мҶһѡֵϡ
ৣ
ǰһͬʱʧԭأħ̨ϣңңԣһǿҵսȶϯħ̨
䣡
սʵʣҵײһɽƺХƬռ䶼Ϊ֮𶯡
ɱ
ѡ֪ҶĿֲԣһֱȫԸû˿
ˣ
һɫħƴݺݵҶȥ磡
Ҷħ̨ģεͷųԼǿҵɷʱȣɨħ̨
ڷ٣磬һȴһϣ¡
䣡
Ҷȭһȭͷɢҫ۵Ĺâһȭ˲佫޴ħƻˡ
һ紩Խռһ㣬ɲǼǰħȭգһǰƣݺݵǰȥ

ѡ𾪵Ըӣ˲߰˼ħģҲģȫҶҪȥ
бؾȣ취ҶԾȣں룬ħɱ
Ȼ
Ҷȭǰκδʩͽ͵ġ
飡
߰˼ħҶһȭͷǰȫһֱӱˡ
˾·һ㣬ˣֱӱҶһȭض
飡
Ҷһ²ȾѪȻըһ⣬
ƶ
̨£һ߱Ҷ˫м
ȻҶɱˣǶӣӡ
ɱ˲пᣬǲģԶʴȾǶԼ̡
У
̨ҶУκؼûʹãûжħƾһ˫ȭɱ֡
ħǸħ
̨ºܶ˶ھҲ̫˼ˣа
ȻȵһʱһȭʵһȭȫûģƾҶǹһٶȣħƸܻ
Ķֽ߰˼ħȴסһ˫ȭ̫ˣ
ʥô޼᲻ݣ
ÿе⣬Ҷıʵ̫ˣ޷⡣
һ˵ôǿ̶ֳȣ
ħѵ츳ɣ
̨ϣħЦͷȻҲûпҶΪʲôǿ󣬵ȴҶõħʧħȭ
ħڵ似ҲǿģǵϵܴУû뵽ҶȻֲȱ似ȵز𾪡
Ҷ²ȾѪƮȻɣħ̨ϻߣĬĬصȴһı
ôôǿ
Ħ˹ЩģЩûˣ
ҶԾɱ֣һѶţпҲҶĶ֡
һ뵽Ħ˹Щ
ԭΪԼضܹҶܣˣ̨ϣ˵һһԼġ
ڣĶҡˣҶ̫ǿˣǴС߳ģǺʮǿҲѷɫǿ


1816 ҶVSĦ˹
Ҷħ̨еľ޴ñ㿪ʼ˸â
󣬿նڳâĿнѡϣһû
Ȼǣ
ɣǿƻɱ˶֣һʥħӡңһк֡
ǸµҲСų̤գԳδһܡ
ǿⳡעǳʣпʷᣡ
һĻΧ˶˷ۣܵΪ֮ʵ޼ؽһޱȵ
䣡
սϱŷΪɱǰʮ˶ޱͷųԼɱ
ಣ
ǰһѾħ̨ϣɣĶš
ɣҲɱ㣬ҵĿɱʮǿҵ·
ɺֱӣдɱ⡣
ǿˣҵĿҲʮǿԻɣһ
΢ЦЦеɱȴǲεģЦص
¼°ɣ
ſһ챾ԴħһɫĴӡħгɢǿѹѹȥ
˶ɱǰʮûκЭĿܣΨһսʤ߽̭ô򵥡
䡭
սɺ̤յ˽֣ޱȵļң߶ƴɱ
ħʥħӡһɽգңֱѹ¡
ʥħӡϷܲ˸ҫ۵Ĺâſֲѹħ֮ѹ¡
𡭡
һӡ˲伤˱һͷ˫һƽʥħӡ𿪣һɱȥ
˿壬˫Ĺâ˫ֽӡһ޴ȭͷɽգ¡
ҿ
˫Ӳɽȭͷ˺ˣҷħ٣һȥ
ձ飬޴գ췣٣ħƹûħ̨
顭
ħдҵײŭʾ˵ĴսѾ˰Ȼ˭Ҳû֣ȫȫԸ
ʥħѣأ
ʱħдһȣһɲҵĻϢ˺ħƣʥħӡ˶СһĹʣµüġ
Ҳġ
𣬼ѵ˵һ仰ٰȥԵϾ
οգ
սϣҡͷ̾ϢڣҲңһұʧˣѪ࣬ɫĳɢţ˫ᶨĹâ

ӡ
ȺУ˴У˸Ƿˣţ
һǿߣǼϣڣϣµսˡ
ৣ
߳ħ̨±ʬ屳ȥԭһ콾Ѿһ߱ʬ壬Ǳޡ
ôпᣡ
૵һӭԼħ̨
һսҲʤ󳹵׼ӡѪľˡ
ҲɱҪɱң
·ӪʱĮ˵
ĬȻˣ֪˵Ķʵ
ڸղ£κ˶ȫԸû˻顣
Ϊ
ܣζ
ȻʤˣɵȴЩį֪ռһսԼºսʤҶˡ
һս˺صˣѣ֮ҲľɱѾ¶ʲôȥսʤɲҶ
ɵĲܼᶨɢǿҵɷΧ۵˷׷׸ÿһ·ص֮С
ƽδһܵѪħ̨겻ѣ
ıڴѾõĴսҶԾĦ˹
Ƴˮһսؽݣ

âҶĦ˹ϣԤʾ֮ıʼ
΢ϣͷˣ
Ħ˹Ц̶˫Ĺâ
ȻжҶΪɵ֪ϲѻʤ
֪
Ҷߣɱ
һٽ㳹״Уһǰģ
Ħ˹ǿƣԹޡ
Ҷ¹ϴһ裬ѾΪħҶսܵĻԶ޷߳Ӱ
֮Ѿûʲô˵ˣΨһս
ৣ
âһͬʱħ̨ϣңңԣһɱϱŷϯħ̨
ɱ
Ħ˹֪ҶĿֲûκηϻֱȳ֣û˿ҪռȻ
ˣ
Ħ˹ſһ챾ԴħһҳӺա
ħУһɱɢɱ⣬һ㻮ʣҶﶤȥҪһϵΪ
꣡
ҶָһһâײɱֱӽɱײˣƲ˥ָâȥʧǵ֮С
ģֲ̫ˣ
Ǻεȵʵһָâͽħˣ
Ҷһֲָ˹Χ۵˾Ŀɿڴ
ء
Ħ˹֪УºսʤҶԣɱ̳һ̣㼤ӡ˾޴칷
ء
Ħ˹һǺһȮͣ޴һҶ˻ȥ
ৣ
ҶһԭһӰʮɣӶһȭݺݵĦ˹Ĺͷȥ
ϣ
Ҷȭâ˺գݺݵĻĦ˹Ĺͷϣһ֮ȻûƿĦ˹ķҶЩȡ
ҾͲŴķ
ҶߣŲ׷ǲһ⣬紩ԽռһĦ˹ߣɫȭͷ֮ݺݵĺĦ˹ϡ
飡
Ħ˹޴ҶһȭɳȥʮԶصڵϣһ̳

Ħ˹ŭˣһ𣬽еƶ䶼ɢˣӴٱСȴûлָ칷ģٶȴ˲٣ܹҶƽ
ৣ
âһĦ˹ҶߣչѪڣݺݵҶľҧȥ
飡
ҶӶ֣ݺݵĦ˹Ĺͷϣۣȴûнͷ­顣
˻
Ħ˹ĹͷһƫҧסҶ½ǣ·˺һ¶ϽƤ
ৣ
Ҷſһ챾ԴһɫĹӣС
Ҵ򣡡
ҶӶеͷĦ˹Ĺͷȥ
ϣ
ĽһҶϸߣڲˡ
һЧҲǳֱӽĦ˹˳ȥ
໡
Ħ˹ˣһڵϴ˸Ҷҧ

̨鷢˭Ҳû뵽ԭΪǳʵһȻ˹ս
Ħ˹ӡ֮󣬻칷Ȼǿ״̬ɱϾЩš
򹷰һʽͷ
ʱҶ뵽˵ĳС˵еȤƬΣ±һĦ˹ͷ£




1817 Ħ˹

̨Ŀɿڴ󱬷ХһĺЦ
ͷһеֱּ
˵ЦһпıȻӣ˵Ԥϡ
ͣ
ϻڿڶЦ֦Ҳ
Ҷ̫Ĭˣ˲пĴսУȻϷŪ֡
ɫ࣬˫ֽ߬ţǽڷ࣬۵һ˿Ĺâ
ô˵Ħ˹µͷ߹ϷŪҲо޹⡣

ĽĦ˹ٴαҶһſ£оԴЩ£Ӱˡ
칷
Ħ˹ҡҡλεվ˦˦Դһ˶ĹͷŨҵȳҶҧȥ

ҶɨһɽգݺݵĳĦ˹ϣٴνɳȥ
飡
һ죬Ħ˹ٴαҷ˳ȥ
һΣķƣѺۣѪ쭶
Ҷ̫ǿˣֱɲ⣡
Ħ˹ȫǶ֣̫ˣ
óҶûжʵĦ˹ˡ
𾪣׷׸̾Ҷǿ󣬽ΪҶʵԶĦ˹߸Ͳһġ
ҶҪ޸㣡
ܶŮʿ۷һ̨·ĴУ޲·̨Ҷ飬һ
ħŮ˱ˣûжܸ߳У϶ǿߵĳݣǲôǰĻ
ߣ
ŶߴڶŮʿ¶ǵĻϻһߡ
ȻԼĺòǳţҲ֪ҶϲκŮˣЩ

ͬʱĦ˹оޱȱѾڵӡһ˿󣬿ԷӳսȻǲС
ǣҶ˿ûнƽȵĶ֣ûнͬ࣬ǵһҰܳܣ
ʲô
Ҷһɫĳ·ɣһƬɫĹӰٴĦ˹񹥶ȥ
ȣ
عΣ
Ȯ
񹷣

ҶÿһУȻһƣвգĦ˹ɵ칷ͷӴܣǱ
飡
ҶһĦ˹ĺϣʱһǰ߰˲ͨһԵڵϣԴѣȾѪ
жʺΣ
ҶУ֮ǰһĦ˹ʵ
ۡ

̨˼Цˣûпˡʡıǿ۽磬˼ʶ
Ҷǡ
ħҡͷʧЦ
ѡһǷǳп飬ҶȴϷˣ֣ûнĦ˹ɶ֣Цá
̫˼ˣ
Ħ˹ǰֱС󣬸ܸκв
ս֮ҶעҪǰʮˣ
ЦǷ׷׾̾ҶǿΪȫʵʮǿ˿⣬ܹɱǰ塣
ҵġ
Ħ˹ɭӵһɻϢ˾塣
˴˿̣ҲѾʶԼϷˣˣҶûнɶ֣
䡭
Ħ˹ȼ֮ˣսѸƱǣȻ칷壬ȴ֮ǰȻͬǿҵɷ
ˣȻȼ֮ˣܹսʤ֣ԼҲˡ
ҪŶһ𣿡
һĻǷ׷׾ȴûа취ֹ
ȼ֮ˣһʼûͣµĿܣȻܹʱڳɱսȴһнͬھɱʽջ֮ȼ
𡭡
ʱĦ˹һ޴ò˶ۣһЩʵСħʿѪֱӻ˹ȥ
ǿ
һ̣˶Ħ˹ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ϵ飬Ϊֹˣ
ŭĦ˹˫ɭضҶ칷ɷµɱγһɷ籩ŨҵɷҶϯ
ȷʵΪֹˣ
սϣҶȻ壬ħ䣬ɢǿϢ
칷
Ħ˹ֲÿ˵Ķ칷ſѪڣʵʣҧҶ
ȻĦ˹֮ǰ㶯ùһУȼ֮˵ʵ࣬һеҲ֮ǿ
ɲǼ䣬ձһŨҵɷ֣칷һɷڶһ㣬ɢһɿµҪҶ롣
ɣ
˿µһĻҶһƽڵ֮ӿ

Ŀ֮£ӭɷ칷죬Ȼӭ칷졣
ħȭ
ħµ似֮һһŲȱ似ܷ
Ҷ˲Ħ˹칷ǰһ³칷С
ˣҶˣ
һĻֳ˶жϡ
Ҷ硭
ϻǣ˫ǰ״
ħڵľǿߣĿš
䣡
ʱ
һɿµ֮罭һӿһֱǰ֮ضĸȭ⣬صĦ˹칷ϡ

ͻȻһĻһ
һ̡
˻عɷ칷ͻȻʧŨҵɷǱ쫷紵Ϯһ㣬ɢ
ۡ
ɷ֮УĦ˹ȻըѣѪɣ
˵걻µȭɨʹɢ
һȭ
Ħ˹




1818 һƥ

һļž
սһɴ̱ǵѪζ
ħ̨ϣ֫ɣһƬѪģ
һĦ˹ڼӡȼʿԴ֮˺ȻУҶһȭ飬̫𺳡
ܶƤֱԼ۾
̫̫̫ˣ
˽Ͱ͵˵˵
ȷ̫ˣ
һȭѣȭһɫ̫ӡ˵Ժ޷Ĩȥ
Ե𺳣
ϾĦ˹ȼ˱Դ֮սɱܹƴʮǿˡ
Ȼ
Ҷȭ֮£ȴ߹һ㲻һ
ˣ˸̾Ҷ̫ǿˣ޵֮ˣ֮Ʋɵ
ħ̨ϣ
Ҷ²ȾѪħٳɢױȵǿϢ
꣡
һָһħ£Ħ˹Ĳ֫ոɾһɴ̱ǵĽζ֮Ż
𾪵ĿУҶһħ̨صϻߡ
ˣ
Ħ˹峤·𱻳˽һһ̱ڵϣɫҰܡ
֪ս֮ҶؽɱǰʮΪǿʮ֮һ
ҪΪĦ˹ǲˣпܻ⵽ѹ
޶żīҼҲǻһλϣ˫Ĺâ
ӣ㶼ҶУ˵ƺޱߡ
Ȼ
ҶһǰʮζħҲΪʮ֮һīұ˵ˣħѹѾոˡ
Ҷ
ҧɫޱȣ˫һ˿ԹĹâ
Ħ˹ͷ߹ɱˣȻûܱƳҶʵڷŭͬʱҲ˿˿
ҾͲ㻹ˣ
찵ҧ׹⣬Գ֣ʮǿλϽҶ̵ֶλɱԱ֮ǰ֮
ҶǰʮҲһлὫնɱ
ûκμֵģ
ֻҪҶһȻ˶λá
ʱ򡭡
뵽ɫϻԼ³лԼһĻǹճһ˿̵Цݡ
սĻܶ˿ҶĿж˸ӵУ
һЩСȻϣҶܹʤӶıеĸֻ֣ڶУЩСпܻ
Щʧȥ˴˵ļ壬ȴ˶㵽Ҷͷϡ
Ҷʵ˵Ԥϣʵܹնɱ󲿷ֵĲѡ֡
ǵĴˣħɭŵģȻҶǵĴ˻ɱˡ
ָӵ飬ܶ˿ҶĿⶼĵ⡣
ѡ˲пᣬûս׼ǾͲҪμӡ
ߵף쳹ħ̨Χÿһ䣬òʵСʿĸ˫
ûľǻμʲôѡҹؼȥ뷢ţʨ𣬶ʱ̨µѹȥ
ڵʮ˶ոձϣҪʱϢһӵھ鿪ʼͭ壬ɨˣ
ʥжݵļ书ܵģÿһѡֵϢᱻ¼ѾҪˡ
꣡
꣡
âӾ޴ͷĽ׺һаﺮ˵ϡ
ˢ
Ľ׽һһâħ̨һħһ㣬ɢǿϢ

Ҫ㣡
ﺮ޾⣬ԣ˫һչչᣬƮƮħ̨ϡ
䣬ѡ񣡡
Ľ䣬˿飬ƺӵɭɱ⡣
ȥɣ
ﺮ񳹵еĵǺͿ־壬Ũɱ
ҲûãΨƴһսһϣǵӵĻɡ
ಣ
˲磬ݺݵײһ
䣡
һűҵĹâ֮ŷһȼյ̫̫Ȼʧɫ
һɲǣ˵Ŀⶼħ̨ϡ
˶ħʦ۷ľ磬ͬս¡
˭ʤ

ҵ۾
һЩʵСʿҽУ˫Ŀ᲻ֹ޷ӡ
䣡
һ˲䣬һ㣬ħ̨ħƹһĹ˺أݺն
˶磬һ֣ϱĿĹâ似
Х죡
ħ֮УĽһХ𳤿գħƶɢˡ
ţһͷɫħ˻գĺ콣һ㸩£ƥɱ⡣
ɱ
ﺮжһ˺ĴǹһǹâӭĽ׵ĺ๡
ϣ
ǹͺײ֮
ʮ
һǹסĽ׵Ĺﺮıǣдǹûǹâһ״â
ǰǿؼһ״âܹ׶ʿĻħ
顭
Ľɫ࣬˫ȭһȭâײǹâ֮ϣ
ˢ
âһĽжһıȸһ㣬˲ٽ
һƬëһ㣬˿ûʼձ»ƣȫעгϣÿһ

ﺮ˫ȵվħ̨ϣһþɣһʯΡȻдǹһƥǹâ
ɣ
Ľ˫ɭĹâгŰﺮǹ˻ֱüĴȥ
ûǸýˣﺮһЦһʤȯյӣĽ̲סһ
ãϵˣ
Ľ׷ԼǰǹâʱһжѾˡ
ǹƣ
ʮǿһУҲѷһУֻҪһֱȻޡ
һ̣ﺮиûдǹֻǰȻվȴһ־ǿߵķˡ
꣡
Ľ׵ĽâԼǰʱ򣬰ﺮˣһ˺ĴǹͻȻӼͷܳݷĶ߷ǿĹ
ǹ˽âͬԽռһĽ׵ǰһ
˲䶨
ﺮִǹбָ죬Ѫ˳ǹָۣ䡣
ĽǿĽױüģǹ֮ϣɢ
һ̣˶ˡ
û뵽ȻĽھŴĴˣһǹ֮С
ॣ
׹أһƬǡ
飡
ﺮһֱӽĽ׵ͷ­ˣͷʬȻ׹ء
̫˼ˣ
Ҫ˲ɣ
һǿʵ̫ǿˣûǿʵʮҲסԼĵλ
𾪣׷ۣ÷ǳ⣬ĽռħζʩչˣȴԾøճ

ĽĿѣǰţĽ׵ʬ˻
Ľ䣬ζĽҴӴ˽ʮԵ̳ˡ
ԴܵĳЦ̣һ߸ϵܹܣ
֮£һƬڣ峤洺磬Խﺮӭħ̨
Ұ彫Ҫˣ
Ǵ˿а˹ͬ
һƥ֪Ҷ˭ǿ˭
ܶš




1819 ͱ
ѡˣ
ζʲô
ζ
ҲζѡҲǿģҲͬΣա
кɱѡն£ɹ
һ̣㳡һƬ𶯣˶Լ۾
ҶܹɱĦ˹ȻҲ˷ǳ⣬Ͼѡ֣ʵҲΪ֡
ɰﺮֻһƫԶСǿ˶ѣȻҲ˿ֲս𾪡
Ҽǵǰﺮһɱֽģʵ൱ֲ
ûôһ˵ҲˣĶһûѸײڶ֮Ƹɱˡ
ս֮עҪдĶ
ֽᷢ췭ظĴ仯
ڰﺮħ̨Ƿ׷ۣԤеҪˡ
ʮǿħɭ־Ѿˣ㲻ʲôǿħޣǱΧδ֪
Ȼ
Ľȴڹƽıбɱģû˿׵Ŀܣʵ֡
ţ
ħϣ˵
ħƽ̫ˣѾһ̯ˮҪʵѪҺӽҶħͰﺮİ嶼ǳǱˣǳ⡣
Ҳѡָе𾪣Լĵλܵв
һԭϵˣȻܹвǵĵλЩѡиŭ𾪡
ҿ飬ﺮһıֶΣĽ׾䣡ĽΪߺ۾
Ч
ħ˫΢Уħ⣬˵ֻ̣ѵҵĹ𣿡
⡭ң
Ľλ߻һ𣬸оޱȵѹʵĵͷ˵
ôǿҲɹħȨȴıȻǲпĨɱ
ǰλɹħǿߣͬļ壬ڵڶʹʧˡ
ǰ֮Σ
С
ʥͷԹƽȫѡ˫Ķ֣ÿ˵ᶼƽȵġ
ѡѡֶǳǿ󣬴þʷ׳ʣ²ϱͺȲ
գһɫ԰ף˫ڶӡ֮󣬻˶֣ʤ
ҲܴأѣͶͬھ
ڻж֮ħ̨˰ʱս̨
Ľ׵սðﺮΪ˺Ϊ˵ھѡ֡
һ͸ղֿյѡ֮ıˡ
̨֮ǰﺮ͵͵̷öҩ˲佫Լ״ָ̬ѡ
һ㣡
ֿյѡɫ䣬ɭɱ⡣
Ҳʮǿ֮һ㣬ֻҵʮǿλõ̤ʯ
ﺮ˿ŭâһһ˺ĴǹУֱָ֣ɱ羪κˣһӿȥ
ٷϻǹ
ͣ
ǹһһƥǹâֱüġ
֮ǰսѾˣ˿ȫƾżҴҩѹƣǿнʵ۷ȥȴܳ־ãսپ֡
ԣһ֣㱬Լǿսû˿дǹֱʹʮ
ǹâ죬ħݺᣬսȫħûˣֻܿӰһսײʱ۵Ĺâ
ﺮܹԻ
Ǵ˿˹ͬʡ
ʣﺮǿҲܽѡֻɱ
ϾոպѡִսһʱԲƽ

˷׷ײ²ʱħдﺮɱȻ
ţħдһĲҽС
ħɢﺮѪ߰ߣޱȣкɫǹһ߱ʬ塣
飡
һ𣬱ʬ屬飬Ѫ罦һһħһɷ졣
һս춨ǰʮĵλھֻʣһˣսʤ
𾪵ĿУﺮս̨ӭһƬĻ
ǵڰ顢顢顭
һʵıӮȲʡ
ȻЦ˿ޡ
ЩսѡǵһƬ·һ
ڼϵʤ˰ν
֪ʱѾȥ˺üʱˣȻȴûֹͣ
ܿ죬ֵ˵飬Ҳһ顣
ԼĶ֣¶˲мЦݣָĵ䣬
ַǳǿȵĹâᶨĵֻսû䡣
ãҾͳȫ㣡
Į˵ɱһš
ɱ
Ҳ֪ǿһֱ㱬ȫʵû˿
ϣ
һѡгһɫĹǽһƬâ֯һŴֶȥ
͡
һ˲䣬춼Ľâգɱޡ
֮飬ҲŹ⻪
âдɭŨŨĲм
ϡϡϡ
ֻӶָһââȫˣûһܹͻķ
㱾ûսԣ
һмĮ˵
㡭
Ķ־ŭԼǿһУȻ̧֮ȥ־塣
·
Įħ̨
ţǰһѾһ£ѪĽԽɣһŴͷ­һĳ˸ϡ
ǿ
̫ǿˣ
ǰһĻ˶һĿڿһɱ˲գ۵ħ
飡
ͷʬԵĽ£еĸӲһħɢſֲϢ
ߣɱ
ޱߣ£ۣҶɨȥͬʱ˵һ仰ǳԡ
Ҷޱ飬ûᡣ
ЦһȻ̨
ıҲǳʣȻ֪ɱǰʮˣѡǻǺƴ
Ϊѡϣ㲻ɱǰʮֵܹҲܵõ൱ƵĽҲмĺô
ˣ֪ɱǰʮ£˭ƴ
ֽƣѡֲòƴȴȡΪԼҲΪ˼塣
ܿ죬һͽˣֿյ˶졣
䣬
컹֮ǰһ߸ϵӣĸŶ֣ѡ
ҡ䣡
в£ֿյѡޱȱѡ䡣
ţ
ֿյѡ׼̨ʱ򣬶ߴϷĮ
𣿡˵
ôֿѡֲʵ
ô׽˵Ȼѡ䣬ǾʹҵĿȥɡ
㡭̫
ֿѡִŭɫǵͨ죬Ҳ̫ˡ
꣬
ЦӹɣĿȴɨҶһͱ˵̬
Ը㲻ڱҡ
Ҷ΢΢۾
Ҫɱ˵ף


1820 һ˵õȮ
̫
̨һŭۣǶ̫ˣɱ˲ͷأԼĶ֡
һʿǰüΪЩͷˡ
˵ۣ治ɫ˿ûзϡ
꣡ѡ񣡡
߸ϣħڸӽµϣɫĮ̣
ҡ
ֿѡֻҵĲɫһһףʾڼҵ
ϣĸҪ
˵𣿡
ֱӿʿɱ裡
ûһѪҲԲ˵衣
̨£۷׷ף˶Ŀ⼯ֿѡֵϣ֪ѡ
ͨ
Ŀ֮£ֿѡĹ˫ϥ˫ֳŵأһ˫֮ȥ
ʲʲô
ѡ¹򣿡
裬̫ˣ
𾪣ͬʱΪֿѡָе
Ϊ棬ʲô϶ˣԸܴ衣
һʿʧȥѪԣĳɾͿµΪֹдˡ

Ц緢һ
ĿŻֿѡִĿ»һ֮ɫ
һѪԶûУã
ֿѡִһ˲䣬ͻȻЦһһֿѡֵͷȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ڶѾԸ䣬֮֮ܿͻʩɱ֡
ۣ
Ѫ֣
ֿѡƺһͷ­ըڷ
̫ˣ
˼Ȼ䣬Ϊγͻɱ֣
̨£ߣ׷ΪԶţȻˣղֺαԷ
Ȼ̨Ҿ
ķ̵ɨ̨ˣĮ˵ôľһ·
̫ˣ
Ⱥ鼤ܣ޲̵̨ݺݽѵһ٣
Ȼ
֪ǱôҲûãű
Ҳû˵̨ⳡĻɵħ̨
̨ʱٴؿҶһۡ
һΣҶԣɱΣ
ڶ͵һĺҲʤչʾ˾̾ǿʵ
ÿֻʣѡ֣ѡѾûбҪ
ħջʥɨһ۲ˣĿڣվʮǿϢգʮǿλ
䣡
̨´󻩣ʮǿλ
⽫ʮλ˳򣬾һҵɱ
Ҫ֪
ܹǰʮģǵ֮Ϊһλãÿ˶óѹ׵ľ
պıעޱȵľʣǷǳڴ
ħ£Ҷһħ̨룬ƽȣû˿ƣ·һûκΪͨһ㡣
Ȼȴûκ˸С
ڣҶѾһºšɱ
ԱʼǺϵģûκܹս̨ȫǣѪޱȡ
Ҳ̼Χ۵ˡ
ħʿǺηײгԣѪɱ¾
ǿҶԵðʮ㣬Ϊ˲ɢĿеż
֣Ȼһսȴ飡
ɵħ̨Ҷ֣һء
ԼҶ֮Ĳܸ࣬ǿһսҫ
ԸΪۣԸҪҫţ˵Ҫġ
ҶЦˣ˵ģ˵һսĻһԳؼ
ˣлˣ
ɫһ࣬ſһ糤챾ԴħݺҶײȥ
ħУһɫʥħӡ˸صķģٷŴһʥɽҶѹȥ
䣡
Ҷ˵Ӷħȭҵȭâᴩأһɫ̫챾Դħ
ʥħѣѹ
ɴһӡɢֲѹһָʥħӡǣգɢŻϢֱҶѹ¡
ʥħӡգ˸գҶħ̨޷ƶ
׷ǲʧȥã·֮Ужɬ
ֲ̫ˣ
ѹֿܹͬ
ǵһǿĺҲҪȱâ
Ǿ̾ѣ׷׸̾ʱ˲ãڵڰСߵھСĻܹսѡ֣ɹ
ȻҶʤʵã
꣡
Ҷ˫⣬žУαǣһħɢſֲĻϢ
飡
Ҷ죬һĴӲסͬʥɽһʥħӡ
꣡
µħ̨ظ˸УȻѣһѺԶӣ
˻
˵һ⾪ֵĿħ̨Ҷ°Ͳҽϡ
ʥħӡжôֲѼʶˣԵĻء
Ȼ
Ҷȴһֻֽ֮ʥħӡ޷£Ƕôֲ
ҲˣԼʥȻ֪жôǿ
һһǿ޲ףû˸Ӳӡ
˿̣ҶȴһֱֻоסʥħӡǿȣƤ
飡
飡
飡
Ŀ֮£Ҷ·ûһʥɽʥħӡһľȥ
ÿһµħ̨㿪һ֣߹ĵطһĽӡѺۡ
ȡ
Ҷһȣֽʥħӡʥɽʥħӡһ⣬ײԶɽ
䣡
һ촫̳𣬾޴ʥħӡӲһɽײ飬ʯգ̳
ৣ
Ҷһ㣬ӵľԣȭͷ˲Ļħ
ˣ
ȭ罫ɵı˲ˣѪҶȭͷǧһ֮ʣͣǰ
ˣ
۾ԽԽ󣬶۾һԵȥˡ
Ǻǡ
ҶһЦӵϲͬʱһ֮ڣָ
ͨ
ѹɳ˵ԤϣֱӹҶǰ
֣ɷˣӽҾߵһҧ˭ҧ˭޶޼ҴӴħĸӹ塣
һϿңҶЧңӽɾҶߵͷ߹ˡ
ֵܣ
ҶƽĵҲҪ߹ϿҵĻԺ͵ҵֵܰɣҲڵľħ塣
˵ҶɨһۣĵҲĳЩˣûѣֻ߹
ߣ
Ȼ֪ҶԼȴһ䷴Ļ˵ֻһϵɱŨˡ
лˣҲǸѪԺӣԳؼԲµһԼȴܸʡɾǿ˵
ҶȻûģʱҲ˵ԼҶһ˵
ĳЩеūһʱҪıҲѣҶҲֻĬˡ
ǿһô
Ҷɽ޼ҷɻڴ֮ղԶˡ
Ƿ׷ۣûΪһɳܵ¡
һ˵õȮ죡
ҶעҪǰʮϽĴעһɳ졣
ǿܹ׷ҶңѾһˡ
ɵҲǰһɵľǵо߳ܣΪޱӢ
Ҷ֮ĳԹͬʱҲԽݵķʽҶĺøС
ħɻ̤޼Ҳŵõܴġ
Ҷ磬лл㡭
ȺУϻижѡ
֪
ҶΪ


1821 ֽ
ֳһƬȻ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶɵıվȻĽ
ʣպıΣҶעΪһʮǿ֮һ
ħпѸ𣬳Ϊʮ֮һ
ΪҶͷ߹޼ҵĵλȻҲˮǴߣΪֿȵĶ֮һ
Ҷ̨֮󣬱С
Ǻܿ콫ĿͶ˵ھİﺮ
ܷԻͣǰʮͿռһսˣʤؽһԻ͡
˵Ŀ£ﺮĶֵ̨û˿ķϻֱӿ
ħ̨ħݺᣬǹâ죬գսΪҡ
ʱħɢⲻ٣ﺮǰһ˺ɫĴǹбָ
£һ߱ʬ£ʺһᴩˣ۾ɵĺܴȴѾ˻ɫ
꣡
һ죬˰޺ֱϣһдǹֱͬһ׹ڵϡ
˺
²˺ѵﺮϵһѣݺύܲɼǵ˺ۡ
ۣ
һѪﺮҡҡ׹ƼΪأ֮˶Ѻۡ
ৣ
ǰһħߣĴְļͷһȻĪĻ֮ڣֹƶ񻯡
ͬʱ峤һɳҲͬʱս̨
ѾˣϢͺãħﺮ峤Уƽ˵
лԮ֣м
峤֣ħл⣬гϵİ£ﺮСĵ̧ս̨
ħһٶ˾޴ĺ䶯Ƿ׷
ħɴûг־ικˣﺮǳذ
ǻʣȻﺮʤ֣Ͼʤˣ֮ǰսȻˣܹսʤ֣Ǳνˣ˼ܲ𣿡
һȽȽˣ
ͽУ󽭺ǰˣǰɳ̲ϣ

ʱ֣Բ˰ﺮɱǰʮ֮⣬ѡֶû䣬˳
ֵһǣ飬ҲĶֱ֣Ȩˣûвμһı
ҲǱŵģҲֱȨ뻹ܱסһС
Ȼ϶ᱻ˳ЦҲ˲ˣҪ
Ϧ£ȾһĨҵѪ졣
ڽıǿ̫󣬺ܶѡȻɹҲǳ
ԣħʮǿλպУʱʮǿѡ˺ͻָʱ䡣
պı϶ӾʣһҪǰռһλá
ܶһ˵һȥ
ϻ˵˭֪ʮǿײȻᱬʵĻ𻨣ʱҪ˽ңһ
һ߸пһ뿪˹㳡Լסȥ
ܿ죬ħ̨ΧԵÿյ
ҶϻҲɶȥ巻ȥ
һ·ϣҶʿкһһЦӦ
ҶõĽҪ뿪ˣΪ˶ֳŵЩСǿǴùϵ
Լ뿪ˣйħչˣټЩСħؽϡ
һǿļΪܣϻõİȫͲˡ
Ҷµĳŵ
ڻˣ
Ҷϻ߽巻ӭһЦ˲ʢľջ
壬Цģ̧ͷƶˣʲôôİϻôȤ
Ѿͷô˵أǰɣЦһ䣬Ϊ⡣
ǲĦͽħѾˣǴñҶƽ˵

ô֪
һĲ⣬С۾գգ͵ĿҶ
ϢҲǸոյ֪Ҷôǰ֪أ
Ŷˣһǹħ˼ҸĶ԰ɣͻȻ򣬺ЦҶѯʵ
Ҳµģ
ҶƽĻشϵΪ档

һԵϻֱ˿̲ŷӦһУŮһҶСһǸͣ
̫ˡء̫ˣ
ϻЦЦžͿˣ滨꣬ȻſЦˣƽеļ
Ҷ磬лл㣡
ϻҶʪ촽һҶأ̽˽ȥ
ౡ
˱ϻòԾϢͱҴ˫룬ˮתɢŨŨİ⡣
Ҷ̾˿֪Լ磬ҲԷſ飬ϻüǡ
ɲǼ䣬ԽԽȣһ֮˵ĵȼգгһҵϢ
ȿȡ
εվһԣʵ̲סˣֻøɿעһ³ϣгǰء
壬ʧ
ϻ÷ſҶ촽ٵĴϢ´

βѣЦǾͲһʱһлҪ˵أ
ϻã˵
Ҷϻõļͷʾͣô˵
Ȼѡʱᣬ϶ǷǳҪ顣
Ҳ᲻ʶȤĴ˵ǣƲĿˡ
С֪ǿǣҲǵ֮պλϣҪСİһصĸ
Ҳδػϰɣʮһĸʣôɡϻò˵
֪ʲô
һĵպı̼Һܻܿеһ򣬾һ
ܵʲôʲƽȵ𣿡ϻÿ˿Ҷֿ˿壬ʵ
ҲܴСϢ˵ǳɿ
һɫεı̼ҹⰲţĦ˹ŻСһ飬һٸ˷ֳʮ飬ôɵģĦ˹պСԹǾ÷һ飿
ϻ𾪵ı飬˵ܴ̽Ϣ̼ҾĦ˹Сɱɹֻû뵽Сɱˡ
̼ҺпܻὫС찲ųɶ֣ô˻ɱСԱ֮ǰ֮𡣡
޳ܣ̫޳ˣôأ
ϻһǵͨ죬ΰظٵţɢ˵ջ
ã·
ҶĮ˵ɢɱ⡣
죬ǰƣˣ
ͬʱ
̼챦ڣۣҵֳˡ
ϵŴðңȥˣ
Թ˻֮ĵ׷
ֶ²ð찡
ҡͷʮǿʥѡս˫Ҳôֽš
׶
̼峤һЦʥϾʱֻҪϢϵСӵϢһһѡ񣬱ػὫѡһ𡣡
峤Ӣȥ죡
һ뿪챦ڡ




1822 ҶVS һ
ٺ١
Ŀͺȥ۵һ˿׹⣬ǹճ̵Цݡ
Ҷϵ⣬պıѾû
һжע
ΪȻʤȯա

䣡
ռС
Ҷһȭҵ֮ɫȭâԶһɽͷ촷ۡ
໡
ܻĴԶ˻ҳԴϱ˸
˵СӾͲͣ㣬ռж챻ݲеĲˡĹĵ˵
ղţɽµĲ˯콵ֱӱʯˣ˸߻ء
ã֣
Ҷ˵ֱһħȭȥҵȭâ˸ʴɵԣ˺ա
#%
Ǵ󾪣æצӭ
䣡
񱩵֮ӭȭâ˲䱬ĿĹâռ䶼ˡ
㻹浱ʱǰɣ
Ƿ쭣һĥһҶȥ
䣡
顭
ռжʱɹһңҲ֪˶ãͣ
ⲻ
ſڵϣͷϳһĴһ졣
Ҷӡ·˺ˣȥޱҡ
̣ʥ˺õĿ¾Ͳֹ·ˡ
Ҹóȥˣ
ϢһҶһɾ·ռȥ
ߺãͣ
ǵ
Ҷһ򣬲ˤڵϣһԼķС
ֻҪʱ䣬ͻռȥջĴ󣬶ħȭһ㡣

ⷱǵ㣬ǻԣҫϵĳǳء
ʮǿλˣ
һҹܶʿĬĬش״̬ı
һçԶĺŽǳǴԶŴҹյ
Ҫʼˣ
Ǽ׷ħ̨򼯺ϣ֤ⳡħӰԶı
ܿ죬ħ̨ΧӰ㿣ͷܶ
ৣ
ħ̨Ӱһħ֣Ӱΰǣ䣬ֲѹϯ㳡ÿ˶һݡ
ħɨһۺеҶˣƽĵʮǿλԼħĵλϣԴ
һӱ޲ߵĳƪ֮󣬹ħת⡣
αҪŹƽԭ򣬱αȾǿܼ򵥣ʥ˫ͳ˳򡣡
˵꣬ħʥͷ֮Уɢǿѹ
ʥѡһֵı˫
ħɫ£̬ϵʥ񣬶˫ֽӡһħûͷڡ
Ҫʼˣ֪˻һ
ǵʮҶ͵һĺϣǶҶ̫ƽˣ
ˣϱûоԵĹƽȻμλӦ򡣡
˷ۣܵڴʥͷѡΪս˫һֳ
ʥѡ̫żȻͲȷԣڽ֮ǰû֪һֳľ˭
ҲΪһ㣬ǲŸӵڴ
ˣ
ڹһһɺ嫵ĲʥͷΪģȻϯء
ţͷϷ˸һ𲻶
꣡
꣡
ǵĹעУͷ˫ڹ⣬ֱҶϣһû
һսҶ죡
ǾȻˣ
ջԹϣǲݵľ棡
ǰкϷÿˣ

Ҷ챻ѡкԭĹ㳡ʱ۷׷ףĿⲻϵ֮ת
٣
һóЦݵؿҶǸо·˵㲻Ǹҽô죬Ҫ˵ȻؿҴݲŮˣ
һƫԶСĴˣҸ̼ҽ治֪ôд
죬ϼҲһЦ
īΪЩ޲ýҶҵļ壬һ˷ܵЦݣǸо·ѾȲ뿴ɱҶˡ
Ȼ
ͬʱФɫѿ
Ϊ֮ǰ̽ϼҰĦ˹ҶһϢ²ϼҶʮǿֽţ²Ϊʵ
ֱ̫Ҫˣ
ϻøŭߵؿϼˣ˫ȭһ
ǲϻõĿ⣬һЦĿͣϻǸʵϣǸоѾȲҪˣ
˵Ҷ֮䣬˭Ϊʤߣ
Ȼ㳡ϣһ⡣
ǻ˵𣿵Ȼˣ
ûҶǿϾƫԶ߳ģ۹似ȫ޷Ტۣ
ҴģҶʮڱذܣҺпɥ̨
˵Ļ£㳡ϣ˷׷˵ԼĹ۵㣬о󲿷˶ʤ
ϼҴˣʵǿⶼûдǲҪˣֱڣҶûб¶ʵ֪ʵʵжǿ
ǰĽ֮ǰҶذܣ
ٲ˿Ҷ̫٣ܿ㱻û
ΪǸҶлô
һһǿҲⳡܸȤһ߿ѯʣ֮жҶΪá
޻ᣡ
ɣ
ܹʮоʤ
ߵĻ£һǿ߷׷׿ڣھһ£ΪҶ޻ᡣ
ħô
ʱһͻȻħʵ
ৣ
ߵѯʣһǿ߷׷׽ĿͶ˹ħ
ħǹħǵĳҲħİ֮һ
Ϊ忪
ħһ£ˡ
ʲʲô
ħΪοǽҶСӣ
ħһѣΣΪҪˡ
ħĻһ󾪺
һ֪ˡ
ħȻһЦʵǿҶʤģ̫ˣɨ˵ӣԲ˵忪
棬ʮǿһħҶϼ죬˫̨
󣬾͵Сʱ߿ˣ쳹㳡
ಣ
ߵĻһԭһӰ̨ϡ
Ҷ硭
Ȳص̨ϻЩǵؿҶ
Ҷûĵرֻ̬Ťͷϻ¶һŵЦݡ
ৣ
һЦҶתһ̨
С֣˵òҪڱңãܣ
ۿҶ̨սȼգɱⱬµɱ⻯һɱ֮Ҷ
Ҳ˵·
Ҷۣڣס




1823 ҶVS 
ԣ
ҶĻ΢еᶨĹâɽ֮ƣϾ˿ɱ죬˾ȡ
Ҷǿ
Ҹо˷ս
˵Ҷ˿죡
ȷ֪ħ壬š
ݵ֮Χ۵Ⱥ䶯ˣ׷׽ͷӶۡ
˶ΪϣҶ˿ֺ
ã⽫һƾеľʴս

Ц˿貣ħһ㣬˫⣬˵·ô
ǲΣܿͻ֪
ҶһƽﵭĮ˿Ĳ
ϵ飬ҳǿͬ£ȷʸһսҲģ
Įڣ㲻ħʦڶѣѾħʦ۷壬ֻ벽ͿһԾħ𾳽磬ʲôҶ
˵ɱ㲻һֻһ򵥣߸ϣһϵ̬ȡ
粢ܴʲô
Ҷڣƽĵսھ֮ϵģһ㣬Զᶮ
˵úã
ȺбһȲʡ
һĿĹͷ󺺺ĵǿ߶ӵԽսʵĲʲô
ѵʲôƲɣ
ܶһǿҶı̫ˣǶԼ֮ǰĲ²һ˿ɻ
ܣ
ǿŵǰ£һ磬͵ǵ蹵һԽҶȻҲԽսʤͬŵ졣
ããã
ŭЦ˵֣ĵҵҪսھ֮ϵģ
㲻ǿҾѹ㣬֪ʲôǿߡ
˪ŪĵЩˣﲻģ㽫Ϊ˸Ĵۣʱ޷ܵġ
ķϻ̫ˣ
Ҷ˫΢Уͷɫ˿趯ǿҵɱ⣬ϯħ̨

ŭһһһڹ˹Ǿɱû˿֡
꣡
һȭŨҵ֮ɳҵȭâǰǣѣ

ҶӶħȭһħһȭͷһ貵ǳնֱȭͷӭȥ
䣡
һ죬ըһ㣬˶ۣܶ˲ҽס˶䡣
ħ̨һƬҫ۵Ĺâ·һ̫ըˣ۵ħò˸о۾ʹ鲻Խı˫ۡ
꣡
ѵħ̨ϴòƤ
ʲô˶ûзҪͬھ𣿡
ŸոտʼѵһҪֳʤ𣿡
Ұ˶ȫŴͣ˲۾ĴʹȫתħǴ۵ħ⣬ŵעһС
Ҷһȭ޵е־һǰǻ˾졣
һ֮ͬһɫȭϣ˻Ϣ
ͬǳǿħʦ۷ľ磬ӵԶ˵ǿǡ
ҺԼҲǳš
֮ǰҶÿһûжʲô似ȫƾǿɱ֣ǳޡ
ҲΪʲôûжκ似ԭҪҶǿܣҶ־Լʵ
Ȼ
ȴˣ
Ϊ
ҶȻȭͷһ赲ֱӽȭͷֱӴˡ
ֲĻ֮˳ֱӣܹԼֱ۹ѵ

ҽУһŤˣҲû뵽ڵԿϣԼȻҶĶ֣ԶԶ磡
âȥҶħ̨룬һսһ㣬Ծɱһȭƣһԣħھѣɽӡ
ٱˣұȫѪɢڿУԭа˿ȫŤˡ
ʲô
ⲻܣ
̼˳Ծվһ𾪵Ŀ̨ϵҶĲš
жôǿǷǳǵһǿĺҲҺ
Ȼ
ҶȻһֱۣǽܣ
쾹Ȼֱۣ̫˼ˣ
ҶѵԼʥ˲ɣ
ȫˣǸǿ߻ɢȫˣǲһС
ħǿʮеĶ壬۹似ǸԴԶһƫԶСܹġ
һǿߵУҲԿס
ڵԿϣȴҶƫԶСĴˣǳԾ
ž
һתħұѸɲǼ临ԭ
磬ֻҪ겻ֻʣһξѪԶʱڻָ
ϵ飬ǳҵԤϣ
ŤԹ޵˵
ֻǸʼҶһЦ
ô˵Ҫѹ㣬һҪѹ㣡
һȣһöҩһĿֲϢɢ

һĻ̼ܶ˾
ֱӶ似սˣûҪҪϺӲƴ
̼峤ɫ䣬æȣѾˡ
Ȼ̷ֵҩȻԶʱʿȴһĳֿµĺ֢
໡
һף쳹ħ̨еƶ䶼ɢˡ
ţ˫۳죬ɢҰһâҶɱȥ
ˣ
һݣһֲĺڶΧһУþûʧ
ߣ
ҶһɫƽĮԾһȭӭϣħȭûжãƾԿ
ϣ
ȭƽ֮ȫˣһѤĹâһɻϢȭ֮
Ҷԣħһ㣬Ϣ˿Ӱ첻
ٴαˣڵݣɢڹ⣬ͬ˻ϢϮ
һΣֱûٱҶ飬˺۶ûУ֮ǰѾ˼ĸı䡣
ˣȴпԼ֪Ȼûٴαֱۣȴǿֱ۷飬ѡ
Ҷûһĺжôǿ
һ̣ܵ˼Ĵ
ԭΪһ£ԼԼǸ߸ϵħ񣬶Ҷµ϶ѣɻܣǰֿѡһҶٷϵΪʹжɹ
Ȼû뵽ҶȻֲ˹ԼҺȻȫǶ̷֣ĵҩУ
ԿȫǶ֣
ֹǲǶֱ֣Ǳѹ޻֮
һĻΧ˷׷ۣڵϣҶħ𼶵ǿߣͲǶ֣ҩһС
Χ˵ۣɫһŨҵɷȻ
䣡
ΧһѪɫȻгѪɫĴ󶴣·Ѫһ㣬ɢֲϢ




1824 ҶVS 
䣡
䣬һѪɫ䣬·ĩս٣
Ѫ
һȣѪɫĴ󶴻תƬѪ顣
ƬѪգɢֲϢҶѹ£
ڵԿϣ˱ûл֮ҶѹŴ˷ŭ
ڣʲôҲ˲ˣֻҪܽҶܣϵʳҲϧ
ˣ
Ҷֲ壬ʥͬܵУΨԾ似ɱ
˻
Χ˵һֵĿеֲѪͷð
ֲһмֵܹ
Ҳֻеһĺ͵ڶܹаɣ
ҶºѵֵѪĺɱ
Ͼ̼ǿļ֮һֲܹܿвħ𾳽ǿߡ
ҶܵסѪ
ڴĿУҶˣ
ˢ
չħȭƶ磬һǰѪȥҵȭâʮ
䣡
Ҷ޵УħȭȻǲȱ似ֻжѣȴǳǿһȭ·ܹһ硣
ЩУҶħȭ־һ㣬ȻԾ޷ӳħȭȴҲС
飡
һƬѪҶһȭ飬Ѫ죬𣬶ҶϵĹâҲ˲١
һ֮
ˣ
Ҷ֮ɵľ弱תĴ֮
֮£һص˸ӡʢѪɫĴ֮Ҳתγһ̫
Ѫ
ҶһƬѪ֮һЦһȡ
䣡
ƬѪҫ۵Ѫ⣬âǵ״еķλͬʱҶѪˡ
ֲ
ǿǿ⻹ô򣿡
Ѫ̼ҵѧ֮һ˵Ŀֲ쳣һƬѪ֮Ȼǿˡ
һʵǿûӦĻҲȫˣ
Χ۵˾̾׷׸̫̾ǿˣȻԿϱѹƣۺʵȷ԰ͬ
Ѫһܹɨͬ޼֮⣬Ѫȫˡ
Ҷˣ
Ƿ׷ҶͶȥͬĿ⣬ΪǿǿѪ£Ҷȫˡ
ôǿûӦ似ҲȻ
ڱĻҶܹǹھµٶȶһ١
ڱħ̨󣬵Ҳ޵ģתŲĿռ̫СˣƾٶȣҶϿκζ֡
ʵϣҶҲȷΣյľأѪȻϱѪһǿѾܹв
ʵսҶѷħһκˣϧ似ʩչסֽš
ȻħһĶ⹦ȴȱӦ似
ֻһħȭǲȱģӰķӣҶʺԣҶܲ͸߰˳ɶѡ
ûбѡֻܱˮһսˣ
ҶѸ侲Ӷħȭ˵ķ߶ֳ֮
䣡
ħ̨Ѫ죬ֲֿѪˮմ֮Ѫڣܹʴʿ꣬ǳֲ
ҶӭһѪˣȭ֮ӿȭӣգֱӽѪ˻ˡ
飡
Ҷ޵УӲӭϣһһƬѪ֮С
һ
һ˫һϣƬѪٵһһӽҶѪ֮УѪеѪȼ

ϻô󾪣һӿ
Ҷֻвȱħȭһ似ޱ似ˣȻۣ֮ô̵ʱڣôɣ
һ̣аûڲѣЩҶһЩǿ似ĻҲڻ־ˡ
Ҷһ֮ȴûӦ似ܹ޶ȵķӳ
ȥҲ
ϻòᣬзģҶκ⣬׷ҶȪ֮¡
ˣҶڽӣ
ûܹѪȫأοһ
һĻܶ˶ڰϧҶʵǱǧǧ궼ܳһôˡ
һ޵У
̼Ҳţܴʣҫ̼鹡
̼˷ܲѣһɨ֮ǰ챻ҶѹŴ¶˲̵Цݡ
䣡
̼һܶ˼ѣ׷״ƾˡ
٣ɻҽΪĦ˹𰡣
Ħ˹ҲŽŵĴ󺰴У˷֮ɫһϴ֮ǰİʹǷϡ
һС϶ѣҽǰʮҲԶħ棬յĹޡ
ī峤һЦݣ·ѾҶѪȴѲˣɻҽӡ
ܶһǿҲ׷ͷ첻ħһе̳ʵʵս鶼ǳḻԿ·̱֮תսʽΪʤ
ħ΢΢üܹӦѪҶƴܷѳǸδ֪
̼ҵʵֲ̫ˣȫڽ֮ѹ֡
ҶȱӦȻǳǿ󣬵ҪѳҲ¡
ο˿˫ֽӡȫ߶Ѫأ
Ѫ·йŹֵвϽӡһ㵭ħ⣬һħȻ
̫ˣҰ㣡
ȺУһħŮУ鼤
ȻСֻǿаòƷΣǺ⡣
ߣмŮ͡
˿̣ħ̨ϣһ޴Ѫڻ£Ѫ죬ɢſֲϢ
Ѫȫʧ֮ǰҶûͻƳĻ¾ԶҲ޷ˡ
̫˧ˣޱߣѪһһж֣˭棿
ȺУܶŮʿ۷һճյؿħ̨ϵ죬޲Ͷͱ
ʵϣҶ˿̵ȷ˾޴Σ֮УΧѪȫȼɢֲĸ£ͼ
ɻȥеһһһһȥ
Ҷһܸ٣Ǿܸ٣ĵѶȥڻ⣬
һ̣Ҷвһ򣬲ԾĶ滺һתӨĹ
Ȼûжȭ֮ͨҶתħȭҲ
һĥ£־Ӽᶨͨ޳޹һʯһ㷢â
䣡
ҶϷ䣬ǧħʽħȭ죬һѪħһɱ˳
飡
̤Ѫ֮ĵһ£Ҷչ׷ǲ紩Խһħ̨ǰһȭԴˡ

һҽУͷ­飬ѣѪŽҶ͵һȭ»ΪѪࡣ
С
Χ˶̲סһֵĿħ̨ħһҶֱԼ۾
ڸղţǻΪҶء
û뵽תۼƴתҶͻһѪɱһɱһȭͽˡ
졭ɱˣ˾
ģûпɣ
һۻˣ֮ˣôܻأ
ȼ˷ܵħŮ˿ȫʯֱԼ۾
ܣԲܡ
һλħŮ𺳵Ըӣ˫񣬴Ŀħ̨ҶǵΰӰ
̫𺳣һʱ˶ˣ




1825 ҶVS 
ֳһƬžһѪζ
ħ̨ϣһΰӰ
Ҷ˿貣һâǧħɽӣ֮ˡ
˶Ϊˣͷ­飬ǿҲܻ
Ȼ
Ҷȴ֪첢û
ͷ­ʱ򣬸оһ˿Ĳƺʲôˣ
˿̣ħ̨ϣŵ£ħ̨
ʣֻҪ츴Ȼħ̨ϳ֣˱̵ġ
֮⣬ҶҲףԼܹ֮һȭ䱬죬ҪǴ˶ԷһֲûиԷκηӦʱ䡣
һ췴Ӧƾ似սüΪѡ
Ȼ
дĲƺʲôҪг֡
û뵽һССϣȻ˷һöҲˡ
֮дһͳһϵĶڻع飬ɱ
ˣ
ѿѪ죬߳
ͷɢѪ⣬ɢŨҵɷһѵĶħ
ѹԭǶ
һĻǷ׷Ȼˡ
ղţ챻ɱʱ̼˲Ƕôģûκαʾԭ֪һöԵֵһɱ١
Ҳǳۣޱȣ̼ҲֻöѣϽʹ߿̼Ǳķϴ͵ġ
ħ磬û˻
һԵƷһξͷˣ൱ʿһ
׼ô𣿡
쿪ڣͳ
ɱһΣɱΣ
ҶӦͬʱս׼֮ڣ˫â̴ա
Ѫħն
һ״ħ絶ҶȥĵâѪˡ
䣡
ҶԾħȭħȭ֮⣬ûκ似
Ȼҵȭâǽĵâˣ֮ײա
ҾͲɱ㣡
ɫ似ƵҶɱ
ڲ似ǰҶʱƣƾвȱħȭ޷Կ
ۣ
Ĺ£Ҷ⵽شĵâˣɫѪɽһ㿪ƶǣ

ϻһæ˫ֽС죬ۿת
ҲһɫҶǳ似Ŀܹͬ似Ļܳ
˿̣ҲˣҶػؾֻǼУȻܴ󣬵˹֮󣬻
ϧˣӦ似Ļˣ
С廹ǵǳһʵȴûӦעҪ䣡
ҸҴģҶǿ似ĻսʤĿ϶죡
ܶ˶ڶ̾ϢΪҶеֵϧ
ûʵϣȴ似زϣػֻУôֵܵǲ似
֮ţ
ԽսԽ˷ܣһȣʩչһгһĴ󶴣˲佫Ҷ˽ȥ

ϻþ£˿ҲԼĸ飬ʹޡ
ǶԲ
Ҳ棬૵˵
ħһϿҶǱеһЩǿ似Ļȫͬ
˵ʲôѾΪʱˡ
ʲôҫʲôϣͳͳҪˣֻҪҶţֻҪܹƽ£Ը
ϻÿ޵ϡﻩʣ϶ȴļò˲Ŀ
ħ屾һǳ˽壬Ϊ棬һУ˵
ѵһˣԸΪİ֮˷Լħ˵ʵܿɹġ
֮УҶǰδе鷳ֵ֮һͨ˵Ļ̾ͻữΪŧѪ
֮У֮ڶһ㣬ɢֲѹ־塣
һЩһǿҲɫأ̫죬ǣһ֮ţҲ
ˣҶˣ
֮ţͨ磬κ˶ڱ֮֮
ϧôһǱˣĻĳɾͲܹϽǿϿɶпܣ
Ƿ׷ۣҶڽˣܹͻһѪѾ˺ܶ˵Ԥϡ
Ȼ֮񲻿ʼվ
ܴ֮ѳĻǿɾˡ
ô
䣡
һɿֲɷȶе֮˲䱬飬ҫ۵Ĺâһձըһ㡣

ҵ۾
ܶ˱ͻǿ̼˫Ѫҽвѣ׷ױ۾
һЩһǿ߶׷۾ҫ۵ǿ⡣
ʲô
Զ˳Ծǿʧ֮󣬷׷̧ͷпȥ
ֻһƬ֮УһӰȻǱ˺ۣϾˡ
һ̣˶ˣһľ
Ҷ̫ӲˣδӾͻΧ֮Ŷˣֱţ˵ȥ˻š
еţе
һ̣ħҲˣŵĿǧħһҶ૵˵
֮ǰҶѻ֮һֲּħ𾳽ǿʩչĻҪݱܷâ
Ȼ
Ҷȴͦˣͦˣһ֮űˣ
ô
̼˳Ծһ¶֮ɫ
Ǹо˲Ҷ̫ǿˣȻ֮Ŷ޷ĥ
Ħ˹˺ī𾪵Ըӵĳ̶ȣһ°ͲҽϣеҶǵһθо˾
Ҷ硭
ϻһ棬ǼģҶȻһεվηħŮĵ׿ʼڤڤ춨
ৣ
Ҷ֮ŵ˲䣬羪֮һԶݣѾûԲٴαҶɱˡ
Ӳ
˵֮УǸǶô
ɱңûôף㣡
Ҷתϵ˲临ԭ˵
ɱңÿ𣿡
Цܹ֮ţջҪ
˵䣬ͷâһһ׾ĹǾƺǿߵĶǴĥɣӨ͸͸Ŀֲ
⾵
ãˣ
ǰΧ۵ʿ׷׾һ󼦷ɹÿһͨ
⾵̼Զʱһʥǳֲ
˵ɱһľʥλʥĶǴĥɣķһ߶ɷ֮⣬˵Ŀֲǳ
һͷǾܶ˶ȻɫһЩ֪ʥʿ׷ֵۣĶܡ




1826 ҶVS 
֮Уͷɢ״
ͷһ澧ӨĹǾĿֲܣ
һ̣£ۡ
һĻĺҲɫҲѵֵʥɱұյ
αоȻǿʥԣ϶Ƕˣֻû뵽Ҷʵ̫ǿƵòǰ˵ơ
ǣǵҲһݣ£ҿǰ⾵¶ˣǵĴ˱ȻԴ
̵ģǰɣǺãǷ㡣ҵ峤̼Ӫݺݵ˵
ħĺ
峤һ£һλڵ̫ϳйâһһŲĹɢֲѹĺС
ɥ
޼峤Ҳˡ
ܿ죬һȭͷĹӳУ֣صĽ佻𣬵սʤĶ֣ʹ߶ӣ

Χ۵˶ʱ䶯ˣȫ֮ǵĴˣⳡעҡ
ϵ飬ҪǻܻǾǷ񼣣
У񶾵ٴ
Ҷü⾵ȷоܵвһֲʥ
ֳһƬžܶ˴Ҳҳ⾵塣
⾵ֲ̫ˣܵ
һЩ˵ȫܿ⾵ŵķ
ҶγһƬգټһƬؾȻһ˶ûУһЩһǿ߶׷ױܿˡ
ħӡ
ϻõ͵Ƚޱȵĵǣû뵽ҶⳡȻ˼ѣһۡ
̼ҵ֮⾵Ҷʤ
˵ʤˣܷӵù⾵ɱ˵Ͼûܹƥ⾵ʥûС
£ǹħ˵ıҶˡ
˿̣˶ΪҶˣȻ⾵ڣʬ嶼ʣ¡
ҪҪֹ
ԥƬ̣ħߣ顣
ΪʲôҪֹħʡ
ıħǸ̫ƽ𣿡һ£С˵
籾һǿʳ磬ûйƽԣνĹƽҲʵӮġ
ħƽ˵ڶҶԽԽˣǱֹֻҪѹͻᱬӦǱ
ǡ
ûʲôǣŵĻҸģջĿ϶Ҷ졣𣿡ħЦЦ˵
ʲôôܣ
߳ԾûпħһСĹ
ѵҶʲôʵɣ
ĻôĻǸʵֲ̫ˣһһˣܹ͵һĺ档
Ȼ
ҪԵĿħ𾳽ǿ߶Ե⾵
ĿԴɣ
ħ΢΢һЦϲ˵
Ȼô˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲô
ĬĬ˵һԣĿעҶϣƺ뽫
Ȼ𾪵ǣҶϷ·һʵ޷
йŹְ
оĬĬ˼⣬ѵ첻ɣ
ɣ
ǵעУ춯ˣԸڵʱ䣬һ𣬴߶⾵һƬĹâҶȥ
սôʱ䣬ѾԤϣԸκⷢ
ҶǿѾԤϣֲ֮˷һö
ڣѾʧȥģ뽫ҶϵҶĿԼŪϻá
ңҲѾʶҪҶϵǲܵģֻҪܹҶɱһжνˡ
ԭ峤⾵Ǵǰʱõģ䲻⣬ޱ
ɱֻҪܹ̼ҾͱȻܹһ̨ףһԾΪʮڶǿ塣
Ȼ
û뵽ǣһвϵҶȻƵòǰ˵ƣ˻޼ҺңܽҶɱĻɴһͷײˡ
ˣ
⻪ˮ⾵һƬ⣬Ҷֶȥ˲佫û֮С
ʲô
ô
ϵ˲ӵ˿ɼٶΪûбܿ
ܶ˶ˣһĴͺͲš
ǿҶ㲻⾵ܿһûģϾų󼰵ļ١
ȻȴĿҶ⾵Ĺâ֣·ɵһûж

Цɫ԰ףĺãû뵽һͽѲĶֻɱˣ֪ĻͶһˣҲ˷ôʱ䡣
⾵󣬵ȴ״߶δ߶˷֮һεĻԼͳԲˡ

ЦʱһĮӲԶҶӰ֮У硣
⡭
ôܣ
ܶ˾ҶѾ⾵Ĺâûˣʲôʱӳģ
һЩһǿҲеɻǲûзҶѳ⾵䷶Χġ
Ψйħеľͬ𾪲ѡ
ԭ߶⾵һ˲䣬ҶѾѳ⾵ķΧֻٶ̫ˣ紩Խռһ㣬ԭһӰ
ӰΪʵ˶ûз֣⾵⻪֮ǰҶѾ뿪ԭء
̼зһ˿ԤС
Ҷûô׶Ը
ȻܿǾȻˣ
ҶôǿҪͻ⾵ķս켸ǲܵģ˵ٶٿܿĹ
ţ⾵죬һо޵еĴڣҶ类⾵ɱġ
ɱ
Цϣɫޱȣ߶⾵ٴҶȥ
ղҶȻϷŪ˷ŭһеĴ߶⾵ҶϮɱ
䡭
䡭
䡭
⾵ĹâգԶһЩˣЩֱɿգ˼ơ
ҶŭеһҶۣ粻֣пٶܣÿζͷܹ⾵䡣
Χ۵һĶᵽɤۣŵĿеҶÿÿѱܹȴǺ˵Ķȥˡ
һʱ䣬˵ǹɽһ̼ĺ̲ܶסСС
ϻѾ˫ۣĬĬΪҶϣƽ¡
һҫ˷񷶼˺ˣȻȴԾҶ½ǣһӰһ㣬˵۾ϡ

ɫ԰ֽڴڵĴŴϵһδ߶⾵Ѿ߶ߴΣ

⾵ĹâʧҶ֮УЦЦĿǱ죬

ŭͷýٴδ߶⾵Ҷȥ
Ȼ
꣡
ʱҶüͻȻѿһֻۣһмֱӴϡ
ۣ֮
Ҷۣ֮
һ̣ʱ·ֹˡ
ͷ⾵ֻһ£ûκιâٰȥ
ॣ
һͻأ˾ѡ
⾵׹ڵϣ󰲾ħ̨ϡ
üĳһ͸ĿָСٰͫ׷Ŵ󣬻ٿݽߡ
飡
ͷ­ըҲˣһƬѪ⣬




1827 Ʋ
ʱ䣬һֹ̾
棬һ˲
˶û뵽Ľ
һʱ䣬·𶼰

ݵĳŹֳˣһƬȻ
ⲻܣ
ô
˭ܸңʲô
ܶʵ΢ʿûп徿ʲôֻһâˡ
̫Ѫȡ𺳣Ǹе˼飡
ǿѾ֮⾵ҶȻҲɡ
ûܿĹ٣⾵£ܹ⡣
Ȼ
ҶȴʵжݺݴǵһƳͷת
һĲš
һЩħŮſǻΪܱ飬ԭ޵֮ʣȴǿĶ֣Ѫ䡣
ǡۣ֮
һЩʶһǿ߿ҶռɱУ׷𾪲ѣ
ǰʲôۣ֮ѵ⾵𣿡
һЩʵ΢ħʿߵһʿ̡
ۣ֮Ҳħۣħľѧ˵
ǿ׳һߵʿһۡ
⡭
Ҳˣû뵽ҶȻĻеơ
֮۰
ڴ㲻ҲѶ˵ˡ
Ĳ
ˣ
ħ𾪣Ȼվ˫ֲħ⡣
ʹѣ
һǿߣ֪ҪķѶپԴôɱˣܲʹ
ҲʧԹκˡ
µҶһеƣȴû뵽ȻǴ˵е֮ۡ
֪Ҷɱħ۵Ļ϶ָԤҲ䡣
Ȼ
˵ʲôˣ
УһӰϷ裬һԣħھѣ
һ̣
ƬеΨһѹʮء
Ҷ硭
ϻЦдᣬ鼤ѣⳡȻѣһۣˣһֱŵҲڿԳ׷¡
ڱӰ
ҲǸпѣû뵽ҶܾطϮɹ
ս֮ҶԿʮǿеǰħҲˮǴߣմ⡣
ⲻܣԲܡ
ī峤ʧǣг˿־塣
춼սˣ˭սʤҶ
ձǿҶҲǿĶˡ
£Ѿȫûϣֻħλܹ֮㹻أ鷳ոˡ
Ħ˹˸˪һ㣬ˡ
춼ҶĶ֣Ħ˹òԩ
һ뵽ħıĦ˹˸ǻ̻̲ա

̼峤һХɢǿҵɱ⣬˫۳ѪϵһһѪ˸ĳһ㣬һħ̨ȥ
첻ܰ
ᶨһҪΪ챨˶˹ħҲ˲ˡ
С
ѪɫնգһѪɫһ㣬צҶɱȥ
񷶼ˣĵâŨûɱ⣬ֱҶͷ­
һʵˣҶôҶɣâѾգ׷ǲ޷ʩչ
󵨣
һȴħ˫⣬ֱӽâˡ
ৣ
һ֣һȻĪ֮˲佫̼峤ɳȥеѪɫˡ

̼峤ҽһֱӷɳ˹㳡صײԶĽϣֱײһεĴ󶴡
ۡ
һѪʱѾһϢ

ѵǼô˲ɣ
ǲֹΪҼ챨𣡡
̼Ⱥ鼤ܣһĶҶɱޡ
ܹɱ˵ĻҶѾͱǵĿٴˡ
֮УҪԴСô
Աŭ̼ңҶ˿Ϊ΢˫ۣ˵
㡭
̼Ʋ
̼һλɫݺݵ˵
ǼδϣͽԭΪܹΪһƬ̸û뵽ȻҶУܲǳ˷ŭ
Ʋõϻ
Ҷԣ˿ڶԷ
Ȼڻˣ֮Ҳ˲٣˵ǳ
˿̵Ļһħʦڵǿ߶׵ɱ
úúãҿ㻹ܲʲôʱ򣡡
̼ϲҶֱӸڹħǰȴҶ֡
ղ峤һܺõĽѵóȻֵĻƹħȨ
ˣһ̼ҵҲ˹صĺĻ޼Ҿ֣
ҶصȺ֮վҶǰɨ̼ˣǱһͷĻȮֻҪһ£ηı˵İȫ
һ̣ɵҲĬĬҶϻáǼǿĺܡ
úǱĵʱʱͦĻܵõħӡ
Զѩ̿Ƿǳ
ǣͬ˼СҲ׷վҶ
ʱҶѾۼǧˣһЩ׷ԲԵҲ޷˵վҶһߡ
ǶǻµˣȻ֪Զ˸мֵĵ
ԣڹħҶʱվӴ˵ĻôڲõĽħϴƵʱ򣬺пкܶͲˡ
ǿɲΪڵһӪ
һʱ䣬Ҷһ𣬼īҺĦ˹վ̼ҵӪ֮УԾɲҶߵСˣ·硣
˵ˣ¹ֻһ⣬Ժٷˡ
ħۣ侫⣬䣬ǿ˲˶ˡ
ţħת̼ˣ˵ǱԼĹսҲ⣬ⲻǱҶɡ
ǣղҶʱҼǵŽŵĺãһȳ˵ҩ˷ܣǸʱô˵أ
Ҳǰ̼˵

ⷬһ̼Ӫ˲ƻˣһɫͨ죬ȴ˵κηĻ
ֻǱΣϵ鲻ɱ֣
̼峤˰С˵
ޣ
һ¿ˮ㻹ҪҪôͶħȥҪ˵ɱҲµɱֻ֣̫ϲˣ˵Ķ֣ɱҲǻã
ţ
ҶĿɣû뵽һ￴һӣڲžȻϬܸһƴˡ
ˣҪ˵ˣ
ҪʼңħòֱӻȥһЩΪǿһǿҲ񸡶˫ʱʧϡ
µΪֹ˭Ҳ׼飬Ը
ħ潥ƽŽ˵ıҽԼලͬʱΪԷһʮı󣬱λʹ˽һжýʹС




1828 ɧ
ʹѾ
ܶ𾪲ѣ
УʹغǿĴʣ
ζȥϽ翴Ǿһʲô硣
ÿһϽĽʹǿħ֮ϹϾ
ħһ仰ʹǵ룡
ʹû
һжҪȵ֮󣬹ħԶý֮ϽȡϵϽŻ½ʹǰʮǿ߽Ͻ硣
ҽʹأ½Ҳֻйħʮλܼ
ͨ˸ûʸʹ
ȿȿȡ
̼峤˴ӷ̧˻ϵĿѪɼ֮ǰħһжôֲ
С
̼峤ɫԹһͳ˻ޱȡ
ˣ
ħɨ̼峤һۣĮ˵ٴұǹ۴
С
ħ仰ò˵һ̼Ӫ˸Ǿøεѣʱս͡
ħǵĳǹǳһΥûȫƲħǣ壬Ĩȥ
û˸ʱùͷ
һץͣԹħԸ񣬾Ի̵ķʽĨ
үһ̱Ԫʥȷ£ָһԪ
ɼһҶǰóһ׵ĵҩ˫͵Ҷǰ
Ҷһߣ֪޼ҵͶ״ԼӵĻǲ뷨ԼҲȷҪָһ£㲻Ľˡ
ҶԼ׵ĵҩ޼߶ʱһ¶Цݡ
ҶȷǵͶ״
ҩȻʲô֮ҲǳѵãԹ̱ԪЧ
ҶովһսԴȻأʱ׹̱Ԫʥǵѡ
ҶϽѡУħؽһɳ죬ֿȣǼҲԽһЧҵˮǴߡ
л峤飬Ǽסˡ
Ҷӹҩ֮ϻ߹޼˵
СС⣬ҳݣ
޼峤ˬʴЦܹΪ˼Ϊӹҡ
ƨ
Ҫ
֪ܣ

һĻܶ˻Ҷʾõļǿ߷׷޼峤ۣ̲ѡ
Ҳò޼峤һ̱ԪʥнǼħ˲١
꣡
꣡
ʱеʥͷٴνâںеѡϡ
С
䣡
ѡͬʱĿֲϢӰһħ̨ϡ
ѡһǵǿˣһǵǿˣʵ󣬴쳣ҡ
ħ̨Ϲâҫۣɱݺᣬ˶˼ǿսѷѽ⣬ĳƣϱк
ħйע˵սɲٳκʧˡ
ǰ֮еһʮǿÿһ˶ǿԲпܻ䡣
ܿ죬˷ֳʤǿ˻Ѫɢǿҵɷɹʤ
ǿڵϣüһֲ˺ۣϵصγɫѪ
ԣⳡУǸʧߡ
ѾˣսˣǼλӦҲܱסˣϾֻһֵıбıˡ
ǵϳǵڰ˼ǿ˺͵ļī졣
֣飡
ڰ˼ǿī칰ֵ
Ҳģรɣ
˵꣬ī˫˲ɫϳһħƣŹŹֵڡ
ˣ
һ󲨶һصͻȻֱ֣ӽڰ˼ǿ档
ˣ
û֪ʲôֻǿһǳɫ彫ڰ˼ǿ֣žʹ
ģī̫ǿ˰ɣûж־ˣ
ʲôֶΣ˹죿
׷ʲôôʲôҲûп
ܶƫԶʿ׷ײĿڣǸͲ֪ʲôͿһŻ٣ŵڰ˼ǿ˾ˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ҵɱΣǳǿ󡣡
īѾ˼ΪľˣҲһͽֱƵ䡣
һЩ֪߷׷׿ڣ̾ѡ
ص֮ͨѹ֣˭Ͽɵͷ
һĻҶҲˣƽ֪Ŀֱֲ˵޽⡣
Ǵ֮壬ͲֵܵĹΪֹ̫ˣʤ
治֪̼սʤҵģȻϱҸߣֱ˼顣
˵ⳡȻζģûκξʵײûѪڵĸо
ǶЩһǿ˵սĿֲ
Ҳǵڰ˼ǿ˵ù˭ãƫƫ˾ͨī죬ⲻǵùߵ
ৣ
ڵڰ˼ǿ˺ʱ򣬹ħֱӻһ⣬˻֮Уһѽ˳
ʱǲŷ֣ڰ˼ǿѾɫڣ˫񣬻סĴѾֲסˡ
ˣ
ħ˫ħ⣬У˲䣬ͷðһɵĻ֮Ƴˡ
ͨ
ڰ˼ǿ˻һ̱ڵϣȻѾû֮ǣȴķǳ󣬴˿վûˡ
ۡ
īҲɫ䣬͵һںѪҡҡλΡ
ȻԼĸҲᣬ͵˵һǧ˰١
ৣ
˿̨ȥ
ڰ˼Ҳ˹ȥһϢļǿ̧˻ȥ
ĵĳͬ÷ǳңѪɽֲ֮վһƲ϶
ǿ󹥻֮£Ķֽ˼ӾͶˣɲ
˲ݲݽúܶ˲һƬ
Ҳû취£ļңǵڶ壬ʵҲǹϵĵڶǿĶǵ߼ǿˣ̫ˡ
չֳԼǿʵ֮󣬽ʮоͽֻ˴
ܵв£ʲôǿߵϣʲôȫҪˡ
ǿߵ̬˷۵ħ̨
ĶѪ˺̧ȥ
Ϣ֮һҲĻ
ǳҵǣĺĶ־Ȼǵھƥﺮ
ĳʼʱ򣬰ﺮЦѣû뵽ԼȻˡáȻײ˵һĺ
ħʼ֮󣬰ﺮûüӦֻһɴݺݵײԼؿڡ
꣡
ԼعѵһڴѪѾԹȥ
һ
ĺվħ̨ϣͶ̨µҶ˵ʵҺսһ
ˣ
Ҷƽ˵ҲĶ֡
̵ΣСӾսǻòͷˣ似Ļֱ
ռƽ




1829 
Ļ
̨һƬڣ˶̸ξʾ׵ı
ħЦ̨ѪҺڵˣиο
ҪľЧ
ΨгǿߣŻὫǿߵ׷ͳԽĿ꣬ӶŬԽҡ
Ƭ֮
ħ˫鰴ֳ˲䰲
ӭһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬ħڣδ˽պʥħ佱
䣬ħӰһ˵Ұʧˡ
Ҳ߰ɣ
ħߺҲ׷Ÿ뿪ˡ
ˢ
ৣ
ৣ
̼䣬һӰ˷ɢȥ
ʱһμ
峿Ҷλڳڵʥħǰ
ʱʥħǰѾۼ˲ˣÿ϶ɢеĳ
ǰʮǿиֽܹǿҲͬзĽ
֮ǰС̫ңǿѡ˹룬ԣܵ콱Ҳʮ˶ѡ
һȺħʿվڳ֮£ĬĬصȴš
ʮǿ֮еҶͰﺮˣһЩЩ
ѡɱĺȻսʤʮǿˣνޡ
Ȼ
ȴ˵ʲôֻаĽʺޡ
Ϊ
ƾʵɱģ
ʥħ
ħΪƻֺĽÿһʯаأ˸ַµķġ
Ƭ̣һ״ʨһߴʥħ߳
ɨһ۵ǰˣ߿ڵʮǿѡ⣬˸ҵƫ콱

Ⱥ˲һ룬ֻҶʮûжھĵȴ
ʱͷĹħ֣ƽɨһˣɣ
˵꣬ħת߽
ڵ˰䷢ʱˣ
鼤Ȳĸ˽ȥ
ҶͰﺮ˶һۣҲ˲ʥħС
һ룬ҶĲʥħе֮Ũϣ
ʥħ룬һߴļ̨ɢӵϢ
˿̣ħڼ̨֮ϣǡ
ʥħзǳû˵΢
ǶħĽϽ磬һҪŬȡøǿΪԼΪļ壬Ϊħ硪⣡
ħʯײҲйػڴ
Ϊħ⣡
ͬĴ𣬽ͦñֱᶨĹâ
ܺã
ħο˵ûпǣԶһҪ࿳ǿߵԴħ֮ϽЩǿǿħҲͬ߳ǿߡ
ħ֮
˴硣
Ҷüͷ΢ɫ
ĿѾﵽħҲͲٷϻ㿪ʼŽ
ǰʮλûɣȻҲû취֮ǰŽ
ԣħҶǰǿͳһ׼ﺮȺһֽ׼
ʮǿڽʹ֮Կˣÿ˵λá
ĺƷħöƷħǧöħѡ似֡
ħڣĺϲЦտǰһϹ֮ǰһħɢɫĹâŨ֮뵳ˮ
ˢ
һӣѵħ˲ʧ
ħȥܿʧ˵֮С
ǵڶ𣬵ļī죬޼
ҶƷħöƷħǧöħѡ似֡ħĿҶһۣЦ˵
л
ҶǿеŨɱ⣬ħ񣬶ħħȥ
ħŸֶ似˵ħ似ܻ㡣
ħҶʵʵһҲ˵ʳжħ
ȻˣûжôˣֻҪǿ似ܷӳֲɱ
ҶǸ⣬ֻȱԿ׶ѣ似ǴõԿס
ħҶʱǰĿĸ似ˣ
ħǳŸ似ĹǼÿһ似ĹǼɢŵӫ⡣
ѡ似ҶȻҪѡһЩǿĶ
ħУҶһ似ȥÿһֶǳǿ󣬵ȴȱ
Ҷѡһħʥȭ似似ֻʽȴǳֲڴ似
Һȱħȭ֮Ҷ׼ħʥȭȫħȭ
⣬ѡĶȥ
ͬʱħҲõ˷Ľ˴Դ
ڹħĸ£ԭħͽħأȫħΧ֮ڡ
ħħĵλֱѸټʮ֮С
ܶԭ˸ӴŵļҲ׷״ǰء
һʱ䣬巻ǰͥУַǳпѡ
ѡ֮ǰû˿Ǽ壬ܶԭϵļ嶼׷׺ǻޣ±ۡ
ڣЩֻˣʹԭ£һʵ־硣
æµһ죬ֱʱ֣һǰصĿ֮ǲ
巻ֻʣҶϻáˡ
Слл㣬ɱʮǿħյٹ⣡ޱȸм˵
ˣⶼӦġ
ҶӦ˿ӹ԰
ô˵ҶӦøм㣬֮ҿ˭Сħ壡˫˸Ĺâ
Ȼħһǰδеشȴڷˡ
עһ
ǶӮˣҶȻǵɹɱʮǿҽ춼ˡ
ħĴͳҶ죬ôħȡ̼ҵĵλ֮
Ҳ˵µûȷ֮ǰħʮĴˡ
ѡ֮ǰ붼ħ˻Ի͵ʱ̡
ҶܹɱǰʮѾڱˡ
û뵽ҶǱ˵Ԥϣʮλлǰ졣
˺һ֮ɢȥˡ
ҶصԼңŴǿգипѡ
ͨⳡħĸ似һЩ˽⡣
ħⲻһսĻ⽫Ǽ䱦ľ顣
ҶипʱͻȻϻԼ߹ɵһ
Ҷ磬Ϣ𣿡
ܿ죬ϻǳȻĽ⴫룬ЩЩԥƺʲô¡
ûУɣ
ҶָһһħϵȼˣĹâҡ
ţϢĿˡ
ϻ͹£ǻӰ߽˫̣ˮת
Ҷ磬Ҫϻðɡ
ãϻòŲſڣɢһ˵Ϣ
ţ
ҶһȻѾнϻõİϾҪ뿪ˣʱҪǲ
Ҷ磬Ҳңֻ֮ӵⱲõĻ䣡
ϻȻΣ˫ֲŽ⿪ȹȥ籡ɴȹ¶֬⻬׵塭




1830 ϻ
⺮ȴů紺
ҶķһɱϢ
¹͸ڿĴϣӳʵӰ
Ҷ硭
ϻţ˫룬ĿҶϣаָǰԲȦ
ϻǶ˵壬ʯһ㷢˳ɢţҶǰ˿˿˿˿
ʱҶϵ·ҲѾɣ¶Өļ

Ҳ֪˭Ƭ촽ͻȻһϢҲʼ
ϻý§Ҷв૳ڣ·ܣַ·á
˵һ𣬷·Ҫ˴ڻԼһ
㰵£ߵض롣
ߵϷ˱
á
˲Żֿű˴ˡ
ϻ÷·ȱһһĵ˵Ҷ磬ϻźɡ
䣬ϻҶͷһ£ɵɨȥ֥һϢҶĶ鲻ԽĲһ¡
һ̣ҶȫѪҺƺһطˣ𣬼
ϻõỬҶڶ˱һ£ౡһôĳһֹͣˡ
ҶĺԱôƺѹʲôƺڴʲô
Ϊħϻã¶ȱƫһЩǱĴ̼Ҷëˡ
Ҷܲסջ
Ǵ֮壬Ȼص۷ӡѪȻӦǱҪһЩ
͡
ϴϻõЦҶԾĶһ¡
ԭϻа»һץסġѱܲ鼤
ΰ
ϻЦ˵
ҶβѣòҪҪģκȻӦҲѿơ
ȥƣѹܵ
ڵνȫûϵ˻ĵơ
Ҷ磬ɲҪЦҡ
ϻг˼Ȼ󣬵Ȼҿʵϻһ
Ҷ˽⣬ħŮձţϻе࣬ǳԺá
ȻĴ󻷾УεĿرЩ£Ҳ١
ĿȾЩȻҲͻˡ
ֻǽһҶֶѡ
ЧģҶķӦܿˣϲԼŮġ
ҡ
Ҷû˵ڣ㱻ϻý绨㴽˻ȥ
Ҫ˵ȥܣǵͬһ࣡
ϻ뿪Ҷ촽°һ·ɨ˹ȥ
С
ʱҶһĺë׶ˣЩѹƲסѪ
ԭϻѾС£ŬȶĲλ
Ҷһ¶ȣЩɽ緢סǹɳ嶯
˵ཡལ
ϻ״ȵİڶţ˵
Ҷֱ£ⶼʲô°
ϻãжѧЩʲô
Ȼ
ûзֻǾϻõķ̡
֪µٴϻãҲǷ̫αҲ̫ϻõˡ
ϻĸԸģ
ⲻԶϣƿӣһٸо
ͻȻɫһϸƬ̣ȻЦ
öڵõѾõҸ
ԼУĬĬΪϻףͬʱҲΪҶף
ҹһЩⳡ֮⣬ħƺ硣
Ȼһ۵С¥֮ȴǴⰻȻ
㣡
Ҷ˿̵ĴУ˫һ˫ѩ˪֮ϣ΢΢͹
Ŷ
ϻɣһΣʢһ
ŵܰ㣬ܰƺһϢ֮Ѫš
˿̵ҶоԼҪˡ
໣
Ҷ˫ȼڵĻ棬һͺ𣬷ϻѹ¡
ᡭ㣬¡
ϻǳȻ·˽ĺŽǣܹûԲҲܻˡ
ȻҶϾǹˣ֪ʿⷽҲܴδų
С
ֵϻõˣΪе͹ҽ¶ȣ̲ס˸

أϻЩˣϵӭգ·Сӿһ㣬ѵ
Ҷ硭
ţ


ᣡ
ϻôߣȭҶͷᴷһ£˫쵽˽Ӵĵط֮һ
꣡
ѽ
ҶˣϻȴһǸϸܵĺ飬˵Ҫʹˡ
ҶּûٶǸס㴽
ʿʱȻҪǿܶ࣬ʱϻñ㻺ˣŤһյҶߣԶˣҪ㡣
·
ҶҲһ䣬忪ʼ
ᡭ
ϻ糺죬һ仰û˵꣬ͻȻһһҧҶļͷ

֪ʲôʱ򣬴ĳѾֹͣˣؼһƬž
һϻҸһҶս񱼣һһλðľء
ϻõЩɳˣԾɵ࣬Ϸ֡
ֱɫ΢ϻòžٰͶս··ˮ̳һ㺹졣
飡
ҶƽɣҲ·ˮ̳һ
䴦ϻýԼ׿Ҷͷ۽о˿ԼҸŮˡ
ŮˣѾŮˣ
ˣ֪Ρ
ϢƬ֮Ҷϵİˣ˵
֪֪ʲôεģϻúۣһҪ˯һ
ϻúŴ۾Ҷһֱˣ֫צһҶϡ
ֹһˣʱѾϼ˴ء
ϴ֮¥ѾȥˣҲû˵ʲôֱ߳巻ԶĲȥ
һҹҲЩˣݳԵ㶫˳㿴ڵôġ
Ҫõȫ桢ʱϢ¥Ͳõѡ
ʿۼڹħǣÿ춼дٵϢֻҪԼȥ
߽ݣ˸λһЩ㣬߳ԱΧ˵̸
±ϳҶϻıһԼòһſ϶ᱻϳ
±ϳ鷳ҶľЩӦ֮Ķ
һεı̫ˣû뵽Ȼɱ˳ʮǿˡ
ЩνʮǿҲô
ȻѾȥˣɷ糱ûȥ˶һʵı
Ȼˣ˵ĻҶͰﺮˡ
ѡɱƥ˵Ԥϡ
ҶȻط̼ҵǿ춼ɱˣúܶ˸о˼顣
Ͻʹ֪ʲôʱ򵽣
ЩʿۣҶ̲ס̧ͷ죬а




1831 Ͻʹ
ĻӰȴԶûʧ֮ơ
ܶ˶̸ۣΪħҪˡ
ԭֽƣԴ·䡣
ԤڲõĽħؽӭһβûԻ͵ʱڡ
ħˣ
ħؽƲɵ
ħڣƵǶš
αӿֳྪž޵ˣǿ˵ϣ
ҶͰﺮˣеĽ㣡
ǲʮ壬ûзԴûжĹ似
Ȼ
ȴƾԼʡԺͼͲεŬɱǰʮдһδ棬һ񻰣
ʹ½ˣ
ڴʱһʯ쾪Ϣ쫷һ㣬˲䴫ħǡ
ħ䶯ħǷˡ
ӿϣܹһϽʹķɡ
һʱ䣬ſͷܶӰ´£˸ˮйͨ
ǳΧյĻᱻΧⶼ͸ȥ
ǽʹܹ־ͺˣ
ǰԶԶؿһҲã
Уܶ˶˷ۣܵϣʹܹ
Ȼʧˣʹûгֻ֣ó
죬ʮǿ߽һ֮Կǵʡԡʵųʮǿ˳
֪ʹȺҲɢȥˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶҲӵ֪ͨ
峿ڼϡ
һҹ࣡
峿ҶȻ˯еϻøǺ˱̺߳巻ֱȥ
һ·ͨ裬Ҷ˳Ľ˳ڡ
˿̣ҲԼͬĵˣڳڵС㳡ȴš
ʱһͷ׷ĳħˡ
ɣ
ħҲϻɨһֱۣӴһƬƶ˵Ĺŵȥ
Ƭŵبų棬ų׹䣬ħǵĽأѰ˱˵룬ʸûС
һӽŵҶӦһɿֲѹȹħѹҪǿҡ
һַ壬Įһ˾塣
ǿϢ
ҸоԼ궼Ҫˣ
Ҳ׷׿ڣݡ
󣬹ŵеǸھжôǿ󣬽ɢƾ˿ֲ
ѹǰǵһθоԼСͷ·Ӿһ㡣
ˣ
ÿħԾ˸ħֲֿѹ
ʹ棬Լȥɣ
ħĿһۣվڹŵǰ֣ص˵
һݣ
ѵħûʸŵô
ৣ
ĺ˫Ѫ⣬Ũҵɷᶨηŵȥ
Ҳ׷ʩչž޴ѹ߽ŵ֮С
ŵ϶ʱһᣬǹɿֲѹʧˡ
ڹŵģһϵļ̨·ķģڲϵ˸Źâ
̨룬һߴӰֶһɽһ㣬ɢ˵ơ
ɫһħɴסݣԵضǿ
Ȼ
ҶȴϸӦһϤϢɵо
еаϵϢ
֪ǰνϽʹʲôˡ

ޱɱٵҲǺڰҵĸԴ
û뵽νϽ磬Ȼϳ
֣Ҷһ
ô£ʮλôֻоˣ
ʹڣǳӲ˿顣
ʹʮıУһս
⣬ħϵĺһˡ
Ȼһ㣬ʮǿߣսȻֻʣ˾ˣһֱûѡγ油
̴Ӱǿѡһλȫʮˡ
ʹǳǿӲ๡
ǣȥ죡
ħһ亹ߣƬ̣ɽȫʮǿ
ԭܼ򵥣ɵʵĿãȻҶ£ˡ
ʵɾʮǿ֮ǿߣҲû˸Ҳ
ӵ֪ͨɼϲ⣬æߴϽ콵֮ϲ
ϵĴߴ£ɺܿˡ
ħл֮תɵͨ˿飬߽ŵ֮С
˵Ŀ£̹ȻվҶ΢λãԼݡ
Ҷǳ죬û뵽ħȻΪʮǿ֮һ
ϸ֮£ҲȻˡ
ɵʵԲףܹͰﺮһƴ££ħȫʮǿȻҲ֮ˡ
ܺã
ʹĮɨһۣѾ֪ҽǰһ֮أܹжջ񣬾Ϳǵ컯ˣȫϼ̨׼
̨ǳ󣬼ҶʮȫվҲӵ
׼ǵѪ̨
ʹӲҶ˷׷׻Լ󣬽Ѫڼ̨ϡ
УҶΪ˱Ⱪ¶ϢѪ
ɫѪڼ̨ϵķʣӵһɢ˵Ϣ
ˣ
âһ̨ѪһƬγһ϶صľ޴ġ
û˵ʹгһĹŹڣ̨
꣡
ŵͻȻѿ߷ɢ¶ա
䣡
ʱһ޴Ĺ˲񷣬˺ѿһĿռͨͨδ֪ǰ
ৣ
ҶʮͬʹһرĿռͨǰȥ
һر֪ͨͨҶĲʱˣɲǰ꣬ŴҴҡ
龰ͺʱ֮ͬֲȫǣƺ辶
ѵ̨ǿԺļ̨ɣѹطûҵֻǲ֪ǰһʲô磿
Ҷ𺳣Դ磬һֱѰܹļ̨ȴʼһû뵽ˡ
żͨ͸ܹһſŵǳǴ͸棬˼ңԶ֮ء
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬˶һ𣬳ͨУ˾ͷ
ǻ˸նţǹħҲ֪ԶˣܿѾħˡ
龰𺳣
ҶЩϾִ˾ռߣֲˡ
Ȼȴǵһ뿪ħ磬ңԶ֮У龰ױȵ𺳡
ʲô
ɼָǰ˾
ǰһ޴ĵ죬壬ʯһصľ޵
ǳ׳Ȼħʮ֮һҲǳ׳ˣ֮УɽУΨûһһݶûУŨϢ
ԭһ磬ˣֻһ鱣
ͨʹĽܣҶ˽⵽ᵺǺǿߴսĹս
ǿѪʬս޾ʬǺνʥ
Ǿһδε飬ͨһطЩǿߵʬ֮á
ΣҶǰҪᵺ֮ʵ
ԡ
ܣҶɫ˫ȭ߬ǽڱȴѹıŷɱ⣡




1832 ᵺӢ꣡
صᵺħƣ
Ųɣʱۣ絶˰߲ۼ
Уǹ˸Ҷʮ˸Ͻʹᵺϡ
ȥɣһ֮ڣｫǵ磬ܹжջ񣬾ͿǸԵԺŬˡ
ʹڣ䣬˿Ĳ
~
Ҷһ˫ᶨĹâᵺϡ
ʮ˲һ𣬶Ǹѡ˲ͬʱ˴š
ᵺޱߣʮǴ¼ɳǿѰңûĻᡣ
ɳɳ
ķ紵ϵĹǷۣѩ
ݼŵᵺһ˿һɳأҶĿԶһƬ
ڻɳ֮УżɼһЩ޴Ŀݹǣڻɳ֮С
ЩݹǾĺǣӦĺǣЩѷ绯ЩӨӨ
ȥ죬ʯɼǰʵﵽ˶ôֲĵز
ȻջսƬϣһı衣
ɽ飬ӶѣĿһƬġ
һƹսûһ˿еֻŨϢͻʵħ
Ҷ˫ضᶨ죬ȴȽ
Լ˫ȥƬϹսս
ʬ壡
һƬɽǰͣ˽Ų˫ŭĻ档
ǰż߷ιϵʬ壬ɢŨҵ
ʣЩιϵʬսǿߡ
ǻȾѪ֫飬״ҡ
ɽеݵһѪɢž˵ɱ絶
ɺԵսѪ䣬սⲻ
ЩʬԱߣʥƬѱˣ鲻٣Ψ࣬ɢʥĹâ
ЩʥƬ̺ҲѾɢˣʥĹâЩ

ҶϷ裬˫磬̴գɢǿҵɱ⡣
䣡
ǣ£ҶͻȻӦһĲƺ˵ʲô
أҶƽһɳЩĲӴ
ˣ
ǰ龰ȻҶ·ʱĳӣص˹ʱڡ
صδ䣬ȻΧȴһƬдУȻԪˮɽˮ㡣
ȻһƬѹѹȺŨҵаϢ
ｵ٣
䣡
ս˲䱬ܶǿգչֶͨΣƴɱ
Ѫһ㣬սеǿߺ
䣡
ＫǿϰɫƬ·ɭɭĹâһ֮£һĳǳػΪ촷ۣͨ˲
Ҹƴˣ
һǿߺڷ˫ѪᣬߵĴţһ
Ȼ
û嵽ǰһָһ˲䶴üģĨɱꡣ
飡
ǿȻֹٻɢͷ­飬ͷʬ׹䡣
һ裬۶ôĲʣھʵǰеķͽ͵ġ
ȺûԵ
һ׷ԲԵ߱ų֣һ񽣸գһնɱࡣ
Ҳһ͵Ϯ屻һ󶴣Ѫɡ
սɱ֮ǿԴȪ
˳ԽǿײܶԭСﶼʱɢ֮ǿ
磡
һĿǿߴһȭһͷǿҸʴԵīɫѪҺ
һ𣬹ǰļˡ
䣡
һĹâصĴϣһ򣬲Եա
𡭡
һ¶壬ȻһͷǣɢŽĹâ
ء
Х£Ŀһţ˲һ£ɢſֲѹֱۼĵطѹȥ
ۡ
һﱻԲµĹâǣֱӱըʬ嶼û
꣡
ʱеһǿ֣߳˫·
նɫĳֱӽԲնˡ
һϡһɢŽĲնΪأ´ƬѪꡣ
⣬սӰѣǿ߲սֿɱ¾
Ȼֲ̫ˣ֮ľԿݣɱ¾Ķ
˺塢ҰޡԽԽ࣬ϢҲԽԽŨ
Щ֮ȴԽԽǿܹľʥ⡣
һ۾ӵĳǳر٣۾ӵҲ⵽˻ԵĴɿݣϺ綼ڲӰ֮С
үүҺ¡
һСŮſѪеһ׷Բϣ˺ѷεĿ޺ţ۵͸Żֺ̿
Ȼܿʧˣһ̵֣Ľץ˺飬Ѫһ

ҶУĿѡ
ֱӻӶһȭͷȥ
ৣ
·𴩹һ㣬һȴûиԷκ˺
侲һҪ侲
ҶǿԼ侲ЩѾȥ޾£ֻһͣ޷ıʲô
ʱҲˣǲĲһЩϢȻ̣ȴʵѾʵ
ЩֻǴսƬζѣǳ飬ƺЩĲҲûļ䡣
ʵϣûƶ٣ֻǴɽȱԵ˹ȵ׶ѡ
ԾڼҶƽ֪ԼôŭҲ޲
֪Լ޷ıʲôֻܱĽЩϢ
䣡
׺أڴսͻˣ񱩵˲佫ʿȫ档

ҽУƬ̾ͱ˻ҽЩʵʿȴȻȻҲøǱǡ
׽٣׽ǵĿǣ
׺Уܶʿڴ紫һ֡
һ˲䣬Ƭͬʱɽ٣ؼ׹ҫۣﱻ
ȻٵʱϾ޵ģȻɱҲϢϾս
ſǿߴĸⳡս
һЩеǿﶼϵˣֱһ֮Ĵս
ҶԼսǿߣǿеޣȫԡѪս
Ҳ֪˶ãҲܲסǿսķѡ
һЩʵСʿȻûбɱǱ²ˡ
Ƭǿ̫࣬γ˶еûȫ飬Ư
ǲʰ
һǿߴŵ֮ⳡսڽˣҲ˽ˡ
︶˲صĴۣǻһ磬Ũ֮Ƿǵûбǿˣвﶼˣʵ
Ҳǿ߳˯Ĺء
ᵺ
Ӣ꣡
Ҷ̾ϢľϹЩսʾ⡣




1833 ۱ָѣ
ᵺڣ֮Ũħʥء
ǶڸѰ֮ΪŨĵط
Ψ֮ΪŨĵط°빦
ܿ죬ǱѰҵһЩʬɽĵطֱڲʬϣתħ塣
ҶûЩŨǽЩʥƬǰС
룬ҲЩʬϲ
ΪǶǵĲ
Ϣûй⣬ҲǺܺڰҰһƬŴ״һƬĹȡ
صħƣɽһѹУÿһռ䣬ס磬û⣬û»ûǳ
һڰ׵磬ûûѤõĹʣֻл谵Ĳ񷣬ϵʬͿݹǡ
һ𣬹ǷƮռ䡣
ҶеǣᵺϾȻûôʬͺǣֻŨϢ
һǵͬ
ǵڣ޼ͬǰ׹Ǳأֻûôʬ塣
ȻĻУȴ˴ǿ
ϢǵŨ񣬵ȴδûС
һ·ǰУҶռһЩʥƬĬĬش߶ڣղƬе
ЩʥԸļɣʥ˵ķ
ҶѾ뵽ᵺ֮ŨҺ塣
һ·ϣϵĴ߶ȥһЩʥƬڵ
ڣԼҲ֪ھ˶ˡ
ϧܶʥڴսʱѾˣ̵ʵޡ
ЩĵıƬѾȫĥˣ΢㻯˷ĩ
ǡ
һɺԵĺӴϣҶһıһ沼Ѻۣ·΢Щܽˡ
Ͼֲͬı϶һЩѵһ𣬵ȴʥﻹħ嶼޷ʹá
ǲģƾЩ𾲾ĺûߡ
һ޷ʹã˵ЩͼӲʯͷûʲô
ҲŻǿܹѰԣЩܰȫ
ҶߵǰѺ۵ĹһЩ΢Ĳδʧ̫ࡣ
֣ϲ⣡
ʣ϶һλǿߵıпһ׼۱
һֽɽɣܾ죬˲ܹ֤ĻɳΪ۱
ϧڴˣ鶼ʧˣΪ֮
ҶԥĴ߶ڣһˮʣˡ
飡
һʱ󣬹һ죬˷۳ɢؼ䡣
תۼ䣬ʮȥˡ
ʮУҶ߱˺ܶ򣬵ҲʮʥƬеѡ
ϾʥѾǷǳǿıˣûжд棬Ѿµʴ»Ϊ˳
һֱƽû˿Ǹ޵׶۶޷
ҶжЩֹڵȷأĹˡ
ȻôӦˡ
ڣȴһֱڳ˯֮С
ᵺ㹻Ҳ֪жǿս˴ʥƬ
ҶǸɮûͣ½ŲһطߵһطɽԽɿݵĺ
һ죬һ¸ͻȻͣסˡ
Ϊˮ
ᵺһ磬ûκΪʲôˮ
߱򣬼ĶĿۺǺǸɺԵģЩӴͺ׶ѿһֲĴѷ졣
ͻȻ֮ˮܲеȣ
ˮ಻󼣡
ֻҪˮĵطӦþ󣬴˿뿴һĨɫһƬ̦ҲС
ת£Ҷʱˣ
ǰһڵĴӣԶ
Ǵȴû˿
Ϊ
һʬӣ
ˮڣŨҵʬǾȻʬˮǵĻˮϲеĻȪ
ϻˮУżɼһЩιϵʬڳȫݵɢŨҵĶ
ʲôɱ¾ܹ˾˵ʬӣ
Ҷҧأǿеķŭʬȥ
˶ʬˮԴͷ
ضʬɽ򲻿Ծ˶ʬˮڡ
ڵʬӷĺ¡ʬݲһۿȥȫǻ˵ʯ
ҶڽӽʬӵԴͷ
ԶԶأͿһʬͿݹǶѻɵĴɽ׸ߡ
޾ʬˮʬӵķ϶ʳżܳһ߸õʬͿݹǡ
֮ŨħƳʴ״ʬɽ
ڲʬ֮УһЩʥƬҲѱȾˣ޹⡣
ৣ
ҶӰһʬɽϿգ߶ڣʼʬµʥƬе
ˣ
ڴʱʬɽͻȻҶһ£һƵıͻȻҶǰ
һӣǽľͭȻǱɡ
ֻǣڱҲѾȱȫˣȱһӱڣԶԶ޷ӳˡ
еڣ˿ʶҶϡ
һ׼۱
Ҷ𺳣̵ķУӦһ׼۱
Ԥʾһλ׼սʧ̫ˡ
׼۰
ڴ۲׼۾ǿսǿµǿߡ
Ȼ
ȴѾ׼۾ǿߣɼһսǶôĲң
Ҳѹ֣һǶˣγڵᵺ
һʱȥˣϢĻΪ촷ۣеȫա
һΣƺһ˿ֳܿȥû˶
ҶԼ̫Ѷ˻þˡ
ûߣܾȱһְȫУնĻ£ӿܹи˰
Ҷǿǳɵһϰߡ
ãҶ̾˿ǰС
ܿ죬Զʬɽ
ǧ֮⣬ٴμ˴ƬʬͺܶʥƬ
ˣ
߶ЩƬеʱٴγ⡣
һɫĴӡɢһ׼۵ѹȻһдһ˿׼۱
ȻⷽɫĴӡҲǲѺۣ㻹ûȱʧʲô
Ҷϲ⣬æ߶ڣսɫӡе
ⷽӡȻԴ˵е̫ɣɲİ
Ȼȥ󣬵ɲĺƷϱһȼɲ̵Ӻ嫡
һʱȥˣ
ʱȥˣ
ʱȥˣ
һֱʱ֮󣬽ɫӡųװʧȴûлɷĩɱŴӡ״
ˣ
ڴʱһɺ嫵ĲҶΪģϯء
һֱ˯еϡ
ˣ
ৣৣৣ
˫ֽӡٽȫָ֮Ȼɢĵ۱Ϣڸǣסˡ
۱ϢȻ嫣ϼʱڸסˣԲûκ˵ע⡣
ϣˣ
Ҷϲ




1834 ħ
嫵Ϣһżգûκβ
Ҷ鼤ôٴˡ
ô£õô
˵۱Ϣ֮Ҷѯʡ
ϴλڵľҲɴ˳˯ûаʱлָǾٴġ
Ȼ
ȴȵķ֣˿̵ľȫָˣӯɢƵ
𾪲ѣ
ġ
ҶľԭԭϽһ飬ѯϣԼô죿
֮ǰĹ·
ϸ̾ѣȫû뵽ҶȻдѷĺǰǿչ··ħ硣
֪ʲôħ𣿡
ʶʼûԻֻҶʶʵ
Ҷһ㶣ҡҡͷ֪
Ĳ֪ûѪ֮ΪԴȪȴһ޶̫ˡ
ħʵᵺ壬Ǳݻһ硣
渵ħʷԭԭĸҶĿɿڴ
ԭħһ޴һоĵط
һս徫ӢǿսҲЩ˲ûȥǱﵱɷ²ץȥˡ
ڴսĻ֮еǿ߶ͨ취ѵǾۺһγһµĹǡ
ȻŹȴûκûֲûˮԴʲôҲûС
ݻŹڳ󣬵ȴû˿Ϣ
Ľʲôֲ֮ΪԴ
ˣħĴ¸ֳγɡ
˿̣Щ²ǿߣｻ֮󣬲һЩѪĺ
ҰĺܴҪư棬ϰ
壬ﻹûʲô̫õİ취ϱࡣ
ԴΪͻƿڣͼһȫµ֮䣬ȴǡ
ǣЩĻѪ㱻ϣݻܷҵ㡣
Ϊ޷ͻ磬ʩ˽ƣ޷
ȦһЩѪŹϣɱԼӿĲ
Ҫһּ似ӵѪ֮ǵ似ȫ
ɹĻôǱʱǱ뵽ȥ̽鱨
գǻʧˣ
Ǵħ壬ȻҲǳǿϺһ޶ȴȱݡûѪ
ǲʧƷȻʣҲûа취ֻĬʵ
ÿһʱ䣬ǾͻħѡһЩӢǸϤΪս׼
֮ǰļκڰ涼ħӰӣо׳ڻҡ
ϣҸ뿪أ
˽һУҶ硣
ǸŽʹһϳĻгǿʶԼαװ
һ¶ϲ裬Ǳɡ
ûа취ħ磬ᵺû뿪ֻͨеϳ뿪طֻһһˡ˵
Σգ
ҶҲֻεĽʵͬʱܵĪΣ
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֪ʲô
ڽļҶûһ˿֮ϵָ£·ӡһѪ
ܿ죬һµʱ䵽ˡ
ҶĹâһڿն𣬳ᵺ
ͬʱҲ׷׳˳ᵺϡ
ܺãǱһǰ˳Ľ˵ǵʣԶܲ
ʹ߸ϣ˵ͨǸԵıֺȣһǵ˭ģֱԼθߵսֻҪսʤԷôλþġ
ĺһ
𣬵ڶ
Ҷ

ɣʮ
ʮ˳ܿû˲ûԼߵսⶼʵɱģǺԼͶԷ֮Ĳࡣ
û𣿡
ʹ˵Ǻã̳Ȼعħǣʮʱžۣʮ֮ҽǽϽ硣
˵䣬ʹ˫âһѿǰһرļֻ̳зݴС֮С
ڽʹĴ£Ҷ˵ϼ̳ʱһѪ̳
ʹзŹֵڣ˼̳һա
Ҷ̤˻عĵ·
Ҳ֪˶ã˶һ𣬳ͨ˹ŵеļ̨֮ϡ
ΧϤ龰˻һΣֱţԼһ¾Ȼһصᵺ϶ȹġ
סֻʮʱ䣬ʮ֮ڴ˼ϣ
ʧʹҲѺڤڤ֪ȥˡ
˵ʥħ
еĹŵûȥһϵǶ
ǹħ
ʮ˲ҵֱʥħȥ
ʥħֻʹѾˣվڴеһʯ̨ϣˣ·һ
ħһվλҲû
ǵʹѾˣִнʹľʮа񽫺ͬʱʹǵļ塣
ħɨһۣŵǵļ彫Ƕ棬Ժÿ궼дԴǵļбȫǵļ壡
ħ꣬ʹ꣡
һ󻶺һ˷ܲѣǵĽҲǼĽ
ΨĺҶɫƽûκαʾ
ĺΪԼʵ飬ûʲôֵ˷ܵġ
ҶǸͲΪЩ֮С
ˣǶԹȥɣ
ħһ֣ʾ˿ˡ
˷׷߳ΨҶûжɲĿҶһۣƽصˣ
˵꣬һ߳˴
˿ֻ̣ʣҶ͹ħʹˡ
Ӧ˵ˣʹͲǸˡ
㻹ʲô𣿡ħãЦҶʵ
һ£Ҷһ£˵
ãħһԾΪħĵ壬Ҫ𣬻Ҫܳһʱ䣬ùħշһ
ʲô£ֻҪģһӦħ˵
ҶӡõٺãƾһСԴȻսֱǸ漣
ѽҶ˱
ġ
Ҷ˵Ҳ֪ħѾã֮ǰܵ˳شҪǲܵģϣߺܶչһħ𡣡
û⣬ֻҪڣһħ˳һȫԷģһħٳһҶ
ħˬʴЦ˵
⣬֮ϣܷϻóΪ峤
һȫû⣡
ħڴӦΪҶǱޣܿܳɳΪһҪĴڣ˿̽Ҷаһ




1835 
巻
һСɾµĸͤڡ
Ҷϻ˲һԽͯŮ
΢紵˷˿һ
Զ۴αȵķݣ纣һ
һͦϷ΢ҡҷ
һɵİƮͶ
˾ƾԶ˭Ҳû˵ȴܹӦ˴ŨŨİ⡣
һ紵һƬϷҶ֦ɵķƮԶ
ҶоԼ·һƬƮɵҶ֪յ㡣
裬ɣʵȴɼ֪Լͣ
ãԼƮ˵ķһƬҶ
ֻǣδ̫ˣʼûҵԼĹޡ
Ҳֻ˵ķҶƴҪԼˣȴһδεʧܡ
ڱһɹߣŹ⻷Լ֪һû֤ɵۣһղԼˡ
ǴۣҲ˿ôôȻĻ
ϻͬڸ̾˵档
ǲɼǱħ׷ɱûҶ
̫˵ɺϣмȱκһڵ龰
ʮҾҪˣ
Ҷ޾Զƽؿڡ
ǵҲǶһ˿
˵
ϻɫ
ָסҶ죬Щ˸е˵Ҳʱ⣬Ļǻġ
Ѿͷ
Ҷһ̾޾顣
Ȼȴһݸִŵļᶨ
ʲô޷ֹǰĲҪǿøǿ
ΨбøǿʵԼİһУִŵ
ͤ·ܶȴûǵ
巻ϻͻȻһգڹħǵĹ㳡ϣҶĻ
ǰұǣ֮Ҹһҫ
ڶѾˣ
Ҷɫı֣ħٵǵıȡ̼ҵĵλ
ҲΪħһλ峤
һŮ峤بδ֮Ⱥӣ
һҫҪһҫ𣿡
ϻתҶ˫Щ˵һҫҸӡ
ȥеļУ˸ļ֤ͽᾧҪ
ϻõ¶Ĺâ޹ֻĿ
㡭
ҶΪжϻѾŮˣȻͬ壬ֿԽĸ飬
Ҫ˵ף
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Ƭ촽һ𣬶ĥ
ã˲ŷֿˣϻϢң˫ճ죬ˮĴ۾мܵγˮ
һӣƽԼǹɳ嶯ҶȻһЦҶ磬ߺһЩõĻ䡣
Ҷͷδļ춼㣬֪Ϊֹ
Ҳģֻǵʱ̫̫ˣ
˲¥巻ȥ
һ·ϣܶ˶ԶΪÿ˵·
ڰææкǰݷõصıǡ
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ҶΪ졣
˵ѾʮǿôļȻҲʮ֮һȻǵ׵ġ
Ͼʮ֮һܹȴݣĸԸĳΪħĸӹҪĲǾϣƸ۵
ɵ˲ûΪҲæŸӦ꣬ڴĻֱ֮Ϊʮ֮һҲͬæòɿ
һ֮ڣα巻ΧܶطһѵĶ
һֵһŪãϻÿĵЦһ㣬ö
ҹ
ԹֱӽʿµദĿռ䡣
Ҷ硭
£巻ٻӰ⣬ˣһ˫۾ˮģ·˵һ㣬纣ޱߵ
߰ɣгŵ
Ҷǣ裬뻳ڣԼȥ
Сҹɫ
ҶķڣľƷҡʱе֨нࡣ
֨УһЩֵĴϢϸϸĵ
ԴɳƵޱߵ컻롣
ãƽϢˣҹָֻ
Ȼûгã֨ٴмšžžˮ
һֱһֱ϶ûֹͣ
ֱɫ΢ֵѾӰųʧˡ
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һ죬ÿظͬĽ࣬ҶһδεĽľͨķʽ͵ϻõڡ
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ҪȥˣԼҲϻκź
Ƕӡ
һǸķ
Ҷ֪ƣĸţϻһһƶˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶоԼһĪĶڼ¶
𡭡
һһͦĵϻõһſӲȥ

ϻ÷һ˻˷ܵþ֫þצҶֵ۽ǲܿƵк
һΣеĸܵǿҵĳԴѣˡ
֪һܷɹ
Ҳ֪ԼǶôˡ
ڵûеõҸ
磬ͯ糿Ȼڳճյصȴ°׹̡
Ҷ硭
ϻӵĽţ㺹죬Ըе촽ҵҶ˫صȥ
ֱ˲ŴӾзֿԴ·ϴһ£¥ȥ
ʲôҲû˵ֻҶԹ֮󵽳ȥȴ·
ҶÿɷĵͷҲû˵
ͳԵ൱ѹ֣ϻüһСһСڵڳԣ״ĺܵͣûпκˡ
ȻٷԵúҲվнʱ
ҶվЦһֲȥһô
СȥౣأҶļͷתȥˡ
Ҷ磬ϴɣһġϻҲվҶ˵
Ҫô
ҶЦֲ𣬸ô˸С
Ȼʵϣȷ
Ҳȥ֮ҲˣпϽ硣
巻ĺԺһרŵķ乩ϴԡ֮á
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ˣóˣ
Ҷոջ·ʹɵȻˡ
ã
ҲΧûˣϻһӳıҶԼ㴽
˼Ƭ̣ϻȻſҶճյĿԶ롣
ᣬĻ䡭
ܿ죬Ҷ˱˳еĹŵȥ
δ·￪




1836 ϳ
ǿ貣
ڽʹĴ£Ҷʮһεǳ̣̤˿ռͨ
ڿԽ봫˵еϽˣ˶˷ܡ
һſǳԶԶһθоʱҡ
ɲǰ꣬ŴҴң
ʱֹһ֮ã
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ǵӿռͨгٴᵺ
ʹˣǲߴˣᵺɺʵ
ûдһתվֻ򣬵ִ硣ʹ䡣
˫ֽӡһĹγһķģ֮С
䣡
ղᵺϿգȻһļ̨ʰɫɺԵѪۼ
̨ת˸ķġ
һַǳķģҶδκεطƵķġ
ɣ
ʹӰһΣѾ˼̨֮ϣҶʮȻҲȥ
̨ǳǧ˶Եӵ
Ҷʮ˼Ͻʹվڼ̨ϣͷ·ϵļʯһ㣬ۡ
Ѫ
Ҷʮ˸ԼѪһŨҵϢ˲̨ϡ
ʱ򣬽ʹҲ¶ԼֱۣһɫƬֱۣһߡ
ৣ
ҲԼѪҺһɾ˵аϢ𣬱Ҷʮ˵ѪϢҪŨ
ʱпʼгŹֵڣǳ٣ǲκһ֪ԡ
Ѫ˫£̨ˣһҵĹ棬дһͨ
ˣ
âһҶʮ˺ͽʹһʧڼ̨ϡ
ʧ̨Ҳ֮Уʧ
ͨУ½룬ɫʰ쵵ĹǰȴԶɴ
żͨ͸ԿһƬһƬǴ͸ǿգıԵ
ʱ侲ֹɲ㣡
Ҳ֪˶ãҶоһͨ˾ͷʹһ˫ֱ˺գǽٵһƬԵ
ǡ
˶ˣ
ǰһƬ嫵Ƭ嫵УƯ½
ֻ״½ÿ½֮䶼һƬ貵Ǻ
Ҫٵľһ½û˿Ϣֻ˲аϢŨϢ
Ҷ𺳣ãƯеĴ½ϵĳ١
嫴Ĵ½֮⣬ΧһЩɢǿյ죬ᵺơ
⾿һʲô簡
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ܿ죬·Ǹгһâӽ٣գۼ㵽ǽǰ
˻
ɵ˵һֵĿǰʮࡰˡ
ҪŵģΪȻϺ࣬ħ嶼ƣȴԾкܴĲ֮ͬ
ĲͬǣһĻƬаɫгɫɫȵȣһ㡣
ңе˻Żɫ֮е˫Ҳеͷǡ
һǣǸԶɢǿϢҶĲ²⣬ٶħ𾳽ǿҲʥǿߡ
һʮʥǿߣܲǸеԾ
ħ磬ħ𾳽ǿ߾۷ս˹ħ֮⣬ħ۷塣
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ˣ
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ⶼӦģ̸ࡣ
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ҶͷһڵĶǣԼȭͷѹֻһֱŶң³Լݣظ֮⣬ҲΪڸͷϵǡ
ϵ֪ѹǰӭӣȥϰɣ
˫˵ֱ꣬·Ĵ½ȥҲ׷׵ͷȥ
ৣ
ʹһŹâҶʮڣֱӴ·½طȥ
Ƭ̣Ѿ̤ʵأվ˼ӲĴϡ
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ͷϿգһɫ̫µĹⶼɫģӳյ˸Ƶġ
ˣ
ҶʶУϾУ·ʲô˲õĴһ
ͻأҶһǿûбֳѯʲô
ҷβˣڲ˵ʱӦȥǰһأ֮һġϼ˵λ֮ٴγ
ˣôûκν
ɽյҶߣʶѯʡ
ţ
ҶΧȥȻ֣ƬɽкΩûκν
ৣ
ڴʱԶĴɽϵһɽгһӰŻɫ
ĪǶסɽɣɾȵ˵
ҶЦĲ²ǶԵģǾɽУڵ¡
⻹ĿеϽ𣿡
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ܿ죬һƬ±ǰ±һ޴Ķߣ˸ŵâҫߡ
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ǽ
дһϵ
ʵϣҶǲԵĲһͨĲܹ׶Էڱʲô˼
ʵ磬Ѿϰȫ̵ʱڷԷеĹɣӶѧԷԡ
ԣھݵĽӴ֮ҶҲǵԷĹɣͨԡ
ʮ˶һۣɽȥ
ɽйȻãȴǳҲûʲôζһҶΪȡ
Ȼò壬࣬κŽȻ෴ԣӦ÷ǳݲŶԡ
룬ҶҲڲϵ˼һС
أóһЩĽۡ
ʵӦǺͷȺȺһһȼɭϣֹȷȺ
ֻǣɱ¾ĴʣбһԻ֮ǿ
ܿ죬Ҷʮ˱뵽ʯߵվ˲ÿһɢſֲϢ
ЩǳĮûпһۡ
ڶߵҶ˼˫ɫƬеϡ
һʯ̨ϣڷ磬˫ɫƽ¶·ļӨ⻬Ѿ࣬ħûκ
׼ۣ
ڼһ̣ҶоǰﾹȻ׼۾磬ʵɲ⡣
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ܺã
ϵͷ˵ҽһ£ҽħ죬˵ħ绹ЩϵԺǿֱҵ֣ҲԺһϡ
ϣҿһ𣿡
ﺮڣʶʵ֪磬λλֵģ




1837 ɱ
ħĿ࣬ڷ磬˫ؼ侫â䣬ɢλеϡ
ڰﺮѯʣҲϸĽ͡
Ҷ֮ǰĲ²࣬ȷһȼƶȷǳɭϵȺ
ʵûдﵽǸλ֮ǰԲԽ׳һ
ʵĸߵͲ죬ΪȼֱǣϺ
ħԼϣߵȼֻһѡ
Լ⣬ǲߵȵκϡ
κ嶼Ǳǿʳ϶ѣеϡ
ǳԼΪ壬Ϊδ֮ǰѾˡ
ʲô𣿡
ħЦЦɨһۣĿƺܹǵһС
ţ
ҶһݣϢɢȫ
˿̣ŴϢħħ塣
ʮû˵
׼ʵħ죬ǳž޴ѹܹվѾǳˡ
ܺãǶħľӢúŬδɾͲ
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һȸµͷޱĶҶ˵Сһǣɣ
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νʥ⣬ʵҲһɽֻλ÷ǳأһɽȵĵײʯطס˶ڡ
û˴Ļʥ֮ǰ·ҲҲڡ
¡¡
ȸ»ִһƬ⣬ʯƶ¶һڶĶڣ޴ʯƾˡ
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ҶҲһ߽ɽ֮С
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ܿ죬Ǳһǳĵ¿ռ䣬Ƭĵ¿ռ룬Ưһ޴Ĺȫɫʯͷɣһ㣬ɢ̹⡣
֮ǰǿһһ̹ɢġ
Ưڿеľ޴󹬵Ǿֹģڻƶš
ȥɣ涼һĹ似ǿѡ
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лǰ
ĺȸ¹֣һ⣬еĹ
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ڹһɫʸʯͷɢѤĹâ
ҶãЩʯͷϺʯǳƣֻ̺ſֲϢ
ЩԴ
Ҷɻ󣬵ĺǸһöʯͷüϸӦŻȻ
νĹ似¶Щɫʰ쵵ʯͷзӡš
ȫͬûκξģ鼮򣬶Щصʯͷ
ֻûκνܣ˭֪Щʯͷзӡʲôʲô
ѧҶҲһʯͷüλá
ˣ
ʶͻȻһϢʯͷзӡľʲô
һ似ϧֻܱ˫кܶնʽ棬ʺ
ͬʱﺮɵҲһĻеʯͷҲûѡʺԼĹ似
ʯͷǳ࣬ǧöҲζǧֵ似͹һʺǡ
Ҳ̫鷳˰ɡ
Ҷ̣ô似͹Ҳûиͽͣȫײʽѡ
ѾԹϰöɫʸʯͷЩȷǳǿ󣬵ȴʺ
գĿһɫʯͷϣڶɫʯͷУСʯͷ˿ۣڽ
ҶһǿɫСʯͷˢһɹġ
һҶ֮üģС
ˣ
һμ򵥵Ϣʶ֮С
칦
ֻĸ֣ûκν͡
Ҷо𣬻칦ҽ֣ԷǷԼļ񵽱ˡ
ɨһˣѾҵʺԼĹ似ա
ȡ
Ҷһҧ֮ǰϢиʾĸӡСʯͷϣ֮ӡ
ˣ
һϢһſǳʶ
칦ĹҪϸȫһԵĳʶС
ܿ죬Ҷ㽫Ϣˣаҡ
칦ȷʺѹֻеһֹûɹ
ݼأһλеĴۼǿߣںս֮󣬴һ־칦
ֻǣ磬ܹ׼۷ǿҲ޷칦
ԭܼ򵥣Ҫͬʱӵʣ֮ײγɻ֮
Ҷѡ˼似Ϊģνջᡣ
ҲϲЦտջСõԼҪĹ似
̰ã
Ƕ֪ԣڵõԼҪĹ似֮Ǳͣ
ֱһҲеʯͷǲ뿪˹ȸһص׼ħڵĶߡ
ǲǾԼ˶Ĺ似;Լһˣ
Űﺮѹֲס˷ܣħ˵ʵǲĻԶأ
ôһ˵ǵ˷˲䱻ˣһվ
ħ죬ǾԼһֻϣϵľ
ʵĲࡣ
ҽǽһʥؽеʽѵֻлĲϸ񡣡
ħ˵ҲǶǱĿܹԼõ似ӳǵ
һݣδѵģһβп֮á
ĺǹŲ̵Ц˿⡣
ţƾԼʵһܹӱõħͣӶص
֪ΪʲôҪǽеʽѵΪҪǲǽǿչ·ð壬ɱǵţ
ħԴбϣĹâ
ûѪһߣ϶ᱻʶƵģð䣿īɻʵ
Ҳ˵ɻħһģûѪȻͬ
£ǸǱ֮Уɱŵ
αѪ
ħȻ˵ǲиŬоһֿðһʩչϢγαѪȥѪǳƣ档
ģ

˼飡
ĺ˾̾ѣϽǿߵȷܴ
Ҷޱ𾪣ŭ۵һ˿ŭĻ棬ӡѪȻһ˿ɶ


1838 ݱ¶
ﾹȻоαѪҶΪ𾪣ǳҡ
ţӡѪص۶Щɶˡ
ţ
ħоǳ̲Ҷ쳣˫˵Ĺâ
һƺҪҶ
Ȼ
ȵһĻˣƾ׼ۼʵȻ޷ҶҶϷ·һصĲߡ
⣡
Ҷһݣ֪²ħ쿪ʼˡ
׼۾ǿֲ̫ˣֻ΢һЩϾͱע⵽ˡ
˿̣ҲЩ쳣׷Ҷȥ
ꡭ꣡
ħ˫ĹâҶȥ
Ҷɫƽ˿ûлңȴѾǾκˡ
ڿֲѹ£ڵ֮תɢϢ
ϳһ׼۾ǿߣһ¶˿̾ͻᱻ
ʱȴĿ¾ǱҪпĥˡ
пܻᱻѻ꣡
һѻ꣬ǿɾʲôܶסˡ
㡭
ħɣҶϵ쳣ȴ޷̽ꡣ
Ī֪ħΪʲôͻȻҶĥȤҿıǳ࣬ƺʲô
һ̣û˵޼īĺҶ˾롣
һĻһҧվҶߣжԼ
㲻ħ壡
ϸ̽飬ħ캧Ȼ֣ҶݷһɵӴѪʱ󾪡
¶ˣ
ҶҲǾ
ܣǲŪˣħ尡
ɼᶨ˵

ħ챩ŭȻ˽飬һҪҶץסоҶӵеϢ
ҪǲħȥɱᾫӢû뵽ûгѾǱˣܲŭ
ৣ
һֻīĴͻ˿ռ䣬˲գҶץȥ
һ˲䣬Ҷ˵·һô
ħֵĽ£׷ǲ޷ʩչֻĿڵĴԼֶ
Ǻǡ
ǧһ֮ʣ˶ͻȻһϵЦ
ţҶǰһصߣͷڣƵĴֺħӲƴһǡ
䣡
񱩵˲ߣܶﶼһѪĺ˸ǵһʱȥ
󵨣
ħ챩ŭҵ֮籡סһռ䣬ٴҶץȥ
ߣ
һȣڷһâɽҶ˳ɽ֮С
߲ˣ
ħһХڷ裬һ׹ǰɨƬǿնˡ
꣡
ϴ߶ڣһɹ⣬˰׹ǰħӲ档
ͬʱҲ׷׳һâа׼۾ǿ֣߳ÿһޱ߿ֲ
һ֣ܹӳ۵սһսǱ
СѪֻѪþȫ渴ա
Ծ׼ۼҲҴ⣬飬Ҳֻܴ߶ڷȴ۵һѣȫƽⲻǰ֡
Ҫƽ⣬Ψоȫ渴գԽ赽һ˿۵ս
䣡
ҶΣңѸٷſķӡѪԼѪ
ˣ
ҶѪľȻâţɢһƴ۵ѹ
ƴĴ߶ڣȫ渴յľ־۵Ϸɡ
ǣ
׼۾𣬸ʩչ似һƬƬĹâ֯Ҷȥ
ˣ
һ𣬷â׵Ľâ֯ɵĴ˺ˡ
ԶŵĴмˣ
ÿһǶһ޶ռؼˣ컯Ƭһʱǡ
ǵĵ۱ս򣬺ɨ棬ȻҲǳֲ
ۣ
֤Ļ֤ս˿ɼ
˿̣ĵ۱ȫ渴գɢ
һ̣ڳΪƬصΨһɢųҵĹâ
ҶҲһ߶ɱһϳָ췭ظ
Ȼȴҡͷܾˡ
Ҫʵ·ֻһˡ
ϡ
ҶԤеһ˿ѵȫ渴յĵ۱ֵ
Ǹ߱ԱԶ߱ǣСҪסµĲӥ߷ɣ֮²ܳɲҪ볬Խ棬Ͳκζ似۱ЩҪԼȥȥ߳ԼĵܲӰ죬Խ棡
ϵⷬЩԵζҶпһ¡
䣡
׼۾ﺷηʩչͨϷ˹
ϴ߶ڣһ۸Ƭ档
۱裡
𶯳һƣ·ɽ̼仯Ϊɻң֪ж۱һ֮¡
һ֣ҾͲţһ۱ܵסǾ˺ɣ
ħŭ졣
û뵽ҶھȻе۱Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ң۱Ź
ÿһλ۶Ƕһ޶ģǵĵ۱ҲͬԵ۹ĴֻۣһλǾǾۡ
ۿһλǿ󵽾۵ۣѹκڰңŷɥ
˿̣ٴγ֣һ˿ԤС
ȻҲԼĴۣҲԼĵ۱ֻûƬ½϶ѡ
ҲӦӦˣֻҪǵĵ۱ֵ֣סڣץסҶ˵׾١
䣡
׼һضС飬ܲסǿҵĲ
ȣ
һȣȻǣһĴۣ߶ڣֲһƬ½ˡ
䣡
ֲĻϢһж·ع鵽ԭ㡣
һϣǳÿռŤʱңһѤĹâ
ৣ
һ˲䣬ͻȻ֣˫âʢҶʶдһӡһ𣬽ǴռһӣҶͬʱ뵽Զǿ֮С
ϡ
Ҷ˵˻һӱӿ
Ȼ
ˡ
ڿռŤʱҵһ˲䣬϶˽֮͵һƬ򣬱ȺңԶ
Ҳ֪Ҷں嫵ǿоƯʲôطԶҲزǿչ·ˡ
Ψһһò
ΪѾӦƮĴ½ϣе۱Ѿѣһչ۱սͱҶ
ˣ
ҶͰ֮Ͼһ˫Ŀâ˫ֿٻʩչڸҶǿ߼Ҫܶ޷ݳҶڡ
һڱ츳Ψдۼǿ߲ʩչ
ȻǴۣȴǵ۱飬ڴܹͬݵʩչ
׿һУʹһս
ϴ˿̹âɣ
ԼΪҶһ֮ǰԻһս
ƾһ۱Ҳǣɣ
Ӱƿգǰһһҵÿͷһ۱ɢֲĵ
սʼˣ




1839 ۷֮
۱
ÿһǶһ޶ģǴ
˿̣׼۾۱֣Ҫѹڡ
䣡
䣡
λ׼ۼ﷨죬ֱӼ˵۱ɢֲĴѹ
Ȼ壬ҲûѡӲӰһã;Ϊһ塣
Ǿڵ飬ֻ״̬²ܷӳܡ
۱ͬʱѹ£Ҫ֮о۵ܡ
۱ͬͬѹһһ˲龰λ׼۶̲ס壬ȫ
ⷽضˣεѹϯȥǳƺѹˣһжڵ¶
䣡
ͻȻɹâ·һ̫һ㣬ҫۡ
ھ֮󣬳һӰߴ࣬ȴǳʣò
ۣ
ڷһͬʱյĵ۱·ѹ£һ׼ھڵѹµ飬˷ɻҡ

ħ۾ˣȻȴӲӣһӡ
֮ǰĲһ˿ȴɥ֮Ȯ̻̲գ
䣡
۱һƬ˲һֲĴ󶴣֪һڷ
ƿص۱׼ȴûȫˡ
ΪھԻǵӰȻĴۣǸо˼顣
ܿǱ㷴Ӧ߶۱ڴȥֹɱƬе
ৣ
綴գڼ䲻ݷ֮ʶ۱ѹ֮ǰɽȥ
ħľţһҪնɱǴ󻼡

ħ𣬿һɽ֮УһӣﺮսԼһȭϺȥҲײɽһȥ
䣡
Ƭɽʧˣھڵȫһ֮£ʲôҲûʣ¡

׼ۼ𣬲ϧ۵Ҫƾڵ嫵ǿо
۱ײƬ򶼿ܻᱻڣǲԸ⿴ġ
䣡
һΣûбܿһ۱Ӳƴһǣ
飡
ֲĲƵһɫ̫˲䱬ըһƬ׹䡣

׼ۼͷɢƬֹ
ȫ渴յĵ۱쳣ֲɢĲ㽫ΧɽƬĴݻˡ
ܶеǿߣڵ۱һ֮£Ϊ˷ɻң߶ûһ
Ƭ˵һδѣڷ·۸գչ˿ֲܡ
أ֮ǵӰԽԽˣ·ʱпʧ
򣡡
һҪ
׼ۼ𣬸Դ߶Լƿصĵ۱ֲһ
飡
ڵĹâǧƬɽ飬ڷ
׼ҲǱӴܣӧ棡
Ƭ򼸺챻ˣеǳ˺üš
Ȼȴ֪Լֲ˶ˣûа߶ƾֵܹѾǲС漣ˡ
ڴʱһƬͻȻۼĲƺһˡ
໺𡭡
һƬУһɵվһǳըסһ
ƬԲڵ߶ûһֱӻΪ˷ɻҡ
ৣ
ͬԽռһ㣬һƬϿգһ˫ضžڡ

⣬һǿڣҶͰϵĺգһͣ
һƬȫİǲ֪Լʲôط֪ǰ
Ѿʧ˺嫵֮С
֪ôˣ
ҶޱȵǣǳϵİΣ
ȻϽֻǾڵ飬ǶҶ˵ȴԼҪ֮һ
ǧһ֮ʣͰǴʱͨѾϳˡ
İɣڿǵ۱Ӳɽɣٶ޷ݻ١ǰο
Ѿȫָܹӳ۵޷սʤԷҲԱ
ĵ׷ߣȻ֪۱һȫжôֲ
ǣϾϳ֪кεǿĴڣ
Ҷ硣
ôˣǶǸúȥδӰɣ
ǹһ䣺Ѿʧããˣҿɲ뵱һеߣһҲ档
ϢƬ̣ٴγĿĵǿˡ
ҶͨѰܹڻѰҵһЩԿʣҲΪԴݽ߶
ңǾͨƣֻҪ㹻̻ܿơ
˵£ǿһ£һҲûмڰ⣬κһǳޱȵĻ
ˣ
ѿҶͰٴκǿգһŲ۵Ĺϡ
һû˿Ļ򣡡ǹһ䡣
ҶΧǷУϣѰҵһЩԿʡ
Źǵı棬ҶͻȻһʯϲ֡
ˣûмһ˼˿̾Ȼһʯֱ˼顣
Ҷ첽߽ʯǳߴаɣһСɽһ㡣
ʯ̻һЩһķģԱϡ
е֣ǲƻ˰ɣڿʯϵķ֮󣬾˵
ʶ֣
Ҷȣû뵽ǾȻⱾ¡
Ȼ˭ϵ£ǳΨҶ𣬽Ҫ֤ʵĴڣʲôѵסңǰȻ˵
㿴дʲôҶ˲żʵ
ҿϸ
Ҳغδǰ̣á
أǵ˵汻ҲˣŹǿչ·һڵ㣬Ǳǿչ·ͨ
ܹת𣿡Ҷʵ
бۿ
δȥ
ˣھ̶Ѩƾʵȥ
ǳԾԲУ·޷תֻǰУЩûħᾫӢǻŻȥ
ʯһ޴ļֻ̨Ҫħܹǿա
ҶĲ࣬ħһѣԹá
ڰǵָ£ҶǶħվʯĶˣ˼̨նȥ
ãã棬ʵǳ٣󲿷ֵطǺڰ䲢ա
ȻѾ˺ܶ򣬵ԾЩǿһƬհס
һŻĹϣĻɽ;޴ʯ
ΨһܴĻɽײЩâһܴļ̨
ڻɽΧȻʮǿʯ֮
ÿ˶ǳǿ󣬻ɢŽɫĹâٳ
ҶڵĻһܹϳΪ׵ڷ磬˫ǳǿˣսᡪ
վڽߵƺˡ
ǶҶйڣ




1840 ħ
Ĺϣoһ㣬ŽɫĹâ
ʵϣѾغ֮á
ƻĹǣʵҲһǿͨĽڵ㡣
磬Ļħ·Ǳǿչ·𣿡
ưٰģбһʯԶĽѯʡ
˵һᣬİɣ¹·İΣвɴ⡣
ɫأ˫ĶǰԶĻɽ˵
Ѿĸˣ˵ħˣëûȥһᷢġһ䡣
Ƹ磬ûΪǿչ·İΣٴĸֵõġһȰ
ҾͲˣ壬߹ˣƾʲôػǿչ·İȫԾһӡ
ӦǸ߸ϣ壬ƾʲô壿
ұ죡
⣬˵뷨ΣհԹ嶼ҪػİȫبŲģҲϣĻ
ƹ˼ջû˵ʲôĻ
ǰһֱڳ˯еǿѣ֪һܡ
ϴκڰƽħ嶼ż̵˽⡣
Ҳһսĳ˯һ˯ǧֱָ꣬ų
˵ں嫵һǳصĻأרȦħ䵱ǵĴֺȷ
ںڰûб֮ǰĳƣǲ뿪ǵġ
ǣǿչ·ǧһᾫӢǿչ·ѰԼĻԵ
һɱǿʶУȡһμ䣬֪һС
ȻԼԳ֣ȴԴͨǿͨһЩħǿ͵ǿչ·ϣαװ壬ɱᾫӢ
֪Ϣ֮Ϊ𾪣̽Ϣ֪ͨǿߡ
ϧûüϢݳȥһǿĶ֡
ȻƴܾˣֻУҲ⵽شһս֮˳˯֮Уֱ
ո㽫Ϣ˵ڶһǿߵ£ѡʮᾫӢڿǿչ·һǿͨĽڵϣħ壬ᾫӢǵİȫ
ҲΪλһҪԭ
ǿֶͨ죬ֱӽ͵ûоǿչ·徫Ӣ
ֻһʱڣܹӦǿղ˺ܴĲֻû֪ԭ
Źǲ󣬵ʯʯײĻɽţû˿
磬˵˵𣿡
һǿߴյߣʵ
Ļ𣿡
ҲûһۣעǰĻɽС
һСͼ̨شƣԵ
СܲңֻѾڴغ֮ãҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
ǿ죺ʺĹط˵ԪˣûУÿ춼Ҫ
ˣҪί
˵ֺγһأ˵öԣֻҪܽħնɱڴˣٴĸֵõġ
ˣ
ڴʱͻȻӦǰɽһ˿ɫȻ
ʱ䣬ضǿȫϢһӲʯͷһ㣬ɢ΢ϸ̽Ļֲˡ
ˣ
ɽڹâһѿҶͰǳڼ̨֮ϡ
ǵĶˣ
ǴһܣϰԵĳһ

ҶʶεǿڽŹ֮չԼʶǡ
һ̽ʶͲ˼ǿϢڻɽ⣬ȻԷʢѪȴסġ
ǣ
˫ʶһӴɫ䣬ִǿͨ߳ľȻһǳϤˡ
Ҷߵֻǣ
⡭ôܣ
Ҷʧ޾֮
ô
𺳣˼⡣
ͬʱҶͰҲӦ˽ǵϢʱһ㶡
ô
ҶͰǷǳɻѵѾǿչ·˲ɣ
ÿ˵Ѫ;񲨶ͬÿ˵òָһǶһ޶ġ
ǲС𣿡ǲ˵
˶ǳ棬֪ô
ݺ棬ټϺܾûмˣҶ鼤ȻϢֱӷɳ˻ɽ򽪿ȥ
ҲܹããУ˼ҲÿȥϢ
Ϣ
ɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬һͷųԼǿѪս׼
Ϣкų⣬ԶҶϴŨصϢʱʧɫ
վס
ҶǧԶʱ򣬽һȣ˫ɫĹâѪȡ
Ҷһ㶣ң㲻ʶ𣿡
ҵȻʶ㣡
ЦһҶģû뵽㾹Ȼħ尲ڲļϸ㲻ã

£һȭһȭâһ㣬һҶȥ
䣡
ҶüһŰǺưɣܹȭâ
ȭâڸɽϣʱ̳ʯɣ漫侪ˡ
𣿡
Ҷŭǲħѵǻ֪ħ壬ôܸҵȥ
ص㹻ǶûвˣϴŨҵϢħı־ġ
ͺҶйڣͬ±ҶŰڼϾȻϢ˽𹫺޼һ޲̽ҶС
Դˮˣ
ǴеϢ٣ϿûУħĻԴú롣
ô˵Ϣǲƭ˵ģ춨Ҫ£
϶ҶȻħ尲ڲļϸôܳ
뵽Ҷɱ˲ţӶɱˣ϶ҶȻħļϸ
Ȼôôǿͬ£ԼĶ֡
ڲͬˣѾͻƵ۷壬ʱпһΪʥǿߡ
ҪǣٸҶʲôƽһսĻᡣ
Ϊǿչ·İȫΪ徫ӢǵİȫԲֶεĽҶնɱڴˣ󻼡
ն
һ絶һնֱۻ֮ᣬ쵶һ㣬ա
Ĳħ壡
ҶΪ֮ᣬͬʱҲԹԼ̫ˣһϢͲˡ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲٴԶݣûӲӡ
ңǲܡ
壬ԹžػһֱػİΣ
Ҷ֮Ҽ֮ɱ֣ǽħ塣




1841 Ƴ
ԺʱϲҶһֱػߡ
ÿһκڰǳǰߵֵΪİΣ˾޴Ĺס
⣬ܹԣǵҲǳ
ɵֳ˴ǿ߶Ըǡ
ڶԿڰϽӼѡ
ΪһУҶվڴֵĽǶȣԽĳ֣ûлѡáڰܻܿǰǶǶԿħ
ҽ͡
Ҷһ⣬һĲӰһ߶ܽһͼ
Ȼ
κν͵ĻᣬĵҪֻأֺ顣
ûʲôý͵ģ֤֮
ɫ࣬γֶҶɱܹоԼܵ衣
ôҲһһţ̶̶ʮ۷壬ЩҲѷɫ
츳ͨǳǿ˫ֿɻˣ˫
ڵܹʥݣնɱһʥǿߡ
Ȼǿ򲻵ҲȻ
Ҷһ㣬쳣ÿγֶͽ޹
Ҳ֮ҲͬѪ
Ҷ֮һѪǳ˲񷣬ʢѪŭһ㡣
ѪҲûã֮ħ壬ұն㣡
ŭ˿貣âһ㣬ϲ
ն
ڿգ˫һչһͷ˫ۻݺҶնȥ
ৣ
ɫ˫һɢâ޼᲻ݣضһֲѺۡ
Ҷ׷ǲʩչ£ܹƥһ
ɫ
ΪóĵҪնɱһζĶҲǰ취Ҫˡ
Ľٶ϶ȻһأܹҶ׷ǲȼ硣
٣˫һչ
񽫴ٶȷӵ˼£Ҷ£˫쵶һ׷Ҷն䡣
ϣ
Ҷ޿ɱܣֻмܣһȭͷһɫ̫ݺݵĻڽնϣ֮
Ѿ˵Ҳħ壬ٲ֪ˣҿҪˡ
Ҷȣ羪ס
ҶģҪƱ磬һ㲻ɣ
񹥻ˣ·ƶ¶Уֲޱߡ
Ƶ˲ûг֣һԹսʱЦ
ǿҶԲǽĶ֡
ϾսᣬսѪս˫ҾҶ
ǰ֮Ҷ£ΪԷΪһֻֽܽҶѹ
Ҫң
ҶХһھѣɽӣͷ˿趯һȭɱǰ
òõȭӳ˿ֲһȭֱֲɵ
䣡
ƬˣһִϢ˵ȼգųԡ
Ҷˣ
⣬ƽĿڣΪҶԲǿĹ»
ϻ
ǿɱ֮һڵһЩһǿ߶ס˵Ҷˡ
ǿȻҶɳٶǸеԾ
Ŷ̶̼꣬һʥ̥ϳɳ˿ֲľأ׷ˡ
˿ģʵһУŮ֮ͮͮ⣬ܹѹơ
֮ǰҶҲһֱǿŹĲײ
ǴһλҶǵˣҺͽӲ
Ȼ
âɢȥҶգȭͷ֮ȻȻ
һ𾪣ɫȭͷѪ£ӲӲƴУҶ˻ڡ
ʲʲô
ô
ƺȫˣ׷ʹ۾ǰһС
ܣⲻܣ
ŭڡ
Ҷǿǲܵģ
˵Ҳħ壬ӵ֮Ǹɺϣ
Ҷڣòһ£˵ħļϸܲ
ҪƱ磬ɱ㣡
ʢȵӿ˵˲临ԭӡԲӡ·oһ㣬ٴҶɱ
ر飬ݣһ̫գһ̫֮նգѹš
¡¡
֮ѿҽӿһ䣬ֲޱߡ
Ҷɫأ֪񳹵սܣ뿪Źǡ
һ̣˿·ʯһ㣬˫âӵӡԲӡϡ
͵ʦ
ʩչĻᱶΪֽȻͬ
Сɵ𣿡
ӡϻҪֲܹһУ߾ڵʥס˵ˣ
Ƶ˴Ц鳩죬ǿӡһҶֶͨҲɡ
ڣҶɣӶѾˣɾ룬ڽ˵˲Ϣ
ҶСӣ㻹ܣأ
Ǵ󾪣һѡ
Ҷȴţ˫һ
ٶȲ죬ŲҶǰѹﵽӾĥĿġ
ÿһҲ޹İҶͷ
գڽ֮ǰӡ͵ѧʥݻԼһ
ʮɡʮɡʮɡ
ˣҶƽӡİأ˫вз
ٽˣ
ӡԲӡ£ҶײȥҵĹâȫ·
һɻصϢԲǧڣɽͷȫƽˣҶֵɽʧˣ̨ʯ档
򣡡
ϢдҶһȣ깲Ƶǧý˫һѪڣؿڷơ

ţҶ˫ȭִħȭĹأִȭ죬ħһ㣬ӻĳ
˿̣ڣ¶ļ˸žӨĹâȻˡ
СǸСǿ̫Ӳˡ
Ŀɿڴ󲻿˼߶һ䡣
ʲô
û
Ȼûˣ
Ƶ˳ɵˣ˼ĿŴӻϢĳҶһ˵ӡ
ҾͲɱ㣡
ʩչɱ֣ûκҶ˷ŭȼ˲䱩ǣս
ʱĽ񣬾ܹսʥǿߣ·ȼյĻһ㣬ɢֲϢ
ɱ
սѪڣս죬һȭء
úã
ҶХһܣչȭϯ죬һȭӭȥ
䣡
ǳײ貵ĹâһɻϢ̮Ϊһֲĺڶ޴ʯȫδռ䡣
飡
յɳȥѪɫɷףҴܣѪҡ
ҶҲͬ˳ȥöûѪޱȡ
ɱһҪɱһϣ
ŭӣóһֻƿп񵹣һ˵ܰ㴫ȻǶȪԿٻָĵ˵Ч
Ȫ֮󣬽˲临ԭ˫âƵһҶͰΧȥ




1842 
Ĺɱ
ʮ˶ῡ壬һһɲݺӵ
˿̣ǻɢɱ⣬Ѫǳֱ
ÿ˶ǳ⣬oٷ
Ҷ˼⣬ûһ˿ӣΪоΣգЩ˺ܲöԸ
аˣЩǴðģô
ǰֹ
Ȼ壬սҪ˵ĽЩ˻ȴҲǲܵġ
˴ս׼ʱ׼ɱ󣬽Щ۵忡һ򾡡
ɱ
ʮһŭ𣬸ʩչ似һƬ貵⣬âݺᡣ
һɻϢʮһ˶ס˰ǣȻϲϢҶҲһҪɱ
浱۸ɣ
ȷˣһ׹⣬һҧ˵ϣʱѪֱ
Ȼ츳Ѫ֮ǳǿ󣬵ǲܺҶľȣ͵סǵݡ

˲ҽУϵ˦һַֻ貵Ľ⣬һµڰǵԴϡ
ǰ죬ڷ·γһڶῡѪ˲ʮ֮һ

˴󺧣Ƭͻᱻɵġ
в£ֵ̿ĴС
Ҷ
һǿֳһ˷ۣݺǵȥҵķâա
ಣ
ǽƻ쳣ڷۻû֮ǰ֮ززˣٶȿʯ
Ҷ˿Ҳ˿սһӲᾫӢսҲܴݿࡣ
Щ׵徫ӢҲ
ϣ
ĽҶĿر˵ƿأ໥ײһ
ţҶչɽӴӡ˫ּһĴɽ֡
䣡
ɽӴӡһԴĴɽ򽪿ѹ¡
ҿ
˿貣սһȭɽӴӡ飬
򣡡
Ҷףʩչ깲òѪ˫
ۣ

Ҷ֣ᾫӢĿѪɳȥʧȥս
ûɱ֣ƾڵʵһħȭܹǻе
໡
һУҪߣȴ˴˻ɫƤëȾѪз
ҶСӣҪɱˣรɣ
ǸرʲôʱԹôĿŭˣ׼һǴɱ󣬽ЩľӢȫĥ
ȻûԪûУȴӰۼɱת
Ҫʱֻ̫ҪܼƬ̣ЩνᾫӢһҲӡ
ɣ
Ҷֹɱ󣬷򽪿һҲˣڴɱ֮£߾ǿ߶⡣
Ұһռдôãռʵռ㣬˺üˡ
֪־˶١
һԿ϶ɱ˾û⡣
Ϊʲô˶㣬Ǹʲôǲ޵˵
˿һ׵ʵȴǷǲ֣һҧҶħļϸˣɱҲϧ
Ȼҵħ壬ΪϮɱħš
Ҷ˫âȭħȭĹͳҵȭâҫء
Ȼħļϸ
ŭҶħȭо˼ȵΣգò˱ܡ
䣡
ҶһȭɳȥѪ磬˿ɫơ
֪ˣݹˣ
Ҷȣ˿Өһ㣬£̰˻ġ
սãƬ򶼿챻ˣսȥ»ٵ˴ͼ̨
ҲҪ
񷢺ݣ˫Ũҵɱ⡣
Ҷħļϸ򲻿ӵϢһӵ似
սٴα
˲ϹȪױȵսƬضȥˣҽӿ
Ҷսӵ£һصָƼ䣬ÿһǳֲ
ƵԽԽľҶ·ݽߣսȻѪʢһ㡣
䣡
Ҷʩչ׷ǲڼ˵Ĺд󣬺ͽٴӲƴһǣմһɴϢ
ۣ
һαҶɳȥˣɫѪʡ
ߣ
һ̣ʣµɫ԰ףȫûս⣬תߡ
һѱڵϵĽԶݡ
˿̣ҲսԻͣһᾫӢҧıˣӡ
ߣ
ҶŰеǴɽȥ
˵ָ֮ҪãӦýȫնɱˣԾ󻼲Ŷԣ
һ·ͣԹҶ顣
ǱϾ壬ɱ֮飡
Ҷ˵
ܿ죬Ǳҵɽ˿ѱһƬ棬̨Ҳ档
һҶŽʯ¶ļ̨Ͱһͬϼ̨óħǶ棬̨նȥ
׷һǿչ·һҵɱ٣
ʣ಻Ȫ˲ϢٴδƵɽ׷
ղǴս֪ģսѾ뻷ɽǧˣǸϵʱҶͰѺնȥ
û°ɣ
ѿտҲļ̨ɫ࣬תеʵ
û£Ȫ֮޴󰭡
ҡͷһ˿־Ĺâ
Ҷһˣսǰˣһشս¡
뾡콫Ϣȥ˿¾ˣ
˼Ƭ̣潻ǵҶħϸ鱨棬ͨ塣
˵꣬ſ³һƬ⣬УһöɫڸɢĹâ
ǵ棬Ǹƽڰҵǿ߼һ
ûбĹЧΨһĹЧǿӾĴϢҲܽϢ̵ʱڴݳȥ
Ȼ
ȴźܶƣҪѪܼֻΣ֮㳹ױˡ
ǲһּ亱ϼɣ򶼲ѰһĲϡ
λǿҲƽڰҵʱһСϵõģ棬Ҳֻһ顣
ΪȷǵİȫʱħֵϢݻŽ˽
꣡
ȡУѪ
ˣ
Ŀ̹⣬ӳյƬռ䶼˱ɫ
棬﷢ҶŨϢͬʱӵ似ܣûܽɱڴˣѾǿչ·ȥһɣһɵǿչ·ԵףŻɱŵģ澡Ϣ֪ͨ塭
ҧгݣ׵ĽҶͻȻ֣ħ似ϢϢ˻ȥ
âʧ֮˫ɱ⣬Ҷģҵţǿչ·׶֮أ
£һϼ̨Ƕʯ˼̨Ҷ׷ȥ




1843 һ쫷
ݼŵ棬ǳ㣬һſžӨʯǶںĻϡ
һǿͨ޾еһϸߣһǳϵһ
Ȼ
ʱǨǿͨϵĺܶڵ㶼Ѿ飬ƫǰĹ
Ľڵ㲻ڣ˸Σ
ˣ
ѿ˴߳һĹϡ
ѣԲˣ
ʮ˿жĹѰңһ֮ҵһСļ̨ԿԿո޸ĺۼ
Ȼ
ҶѺڤڤŹˡ
׷
䣬ǲϳ鴤
ʮ˼һСļ̨ϣٴκ׷ȥ
֮һĽڵϳʧȥҶټ
ͬʱ
ȴһȻ󲨡
޾ǿһ˴Ϣ̫ˣ岻ҵһʱ䴫ݸ塣
Ҷħļϸ
Ϣһ쫷磬ɨ磬𶯣𶯣塭ͬ𶯡
ܰɣо۵Ѫõ˵۱ڵϿɣôħļϸ
ܶϤҶʿҡͷţҶħϸĻܵõ۵ĵ۱Ͽɡ
ȻҲһЩҶնɱʥӵʥغϴڣվζŨ
ͻˣնɱţħϸˣ
ӲΪһİȫҾбҪɱǲһǿ߽ɱ
Щ˽ӵϢĵһͷҶǲħļϸóô˻ὫԾ󻼡
ʮᾫӢһɺεȿֲսȻûҶǸе
Ҫ֪Ѫǿ츳ˣǵһŽǿӵսѪˡ
Ȼٳ֣֪սԿӵдѪĵӣǱޡ
Ȼǿ־ȻûܽҶ£˵ʲô
˵ҶսѾڵ֮ϣ׷
ҶӢۣʲôħļϸ
ŵʱһվˣʲô
˺ʯҰͬʱ˾޴ĺ䶯
˴һ־˾Ŵ󺷷˺ͦҶ
ͬʱҲʾԼҶħļϸмĳᡣ
Ȼܿûûˣʿѡ崫Ϣ϶Ҷħļϸ
Ϊ岻⴫һϢҪл棬ܹĿҶڴս˵ʱ򣬵ȷ֤֮
Ҷ壬ô˴֮
ҶħϸϢֱָһ󻼡
֮ǰҶһ·նɱ˲ʥӼǿߣǱ˸ưͿ
˿̣ЩȫˣԱᾫӢΪɣȶǿߣǿչ·ҶĨɱδ׵С
ҶħϸɣӦɱٲкľӢ
ʱ򣬱ĹżӦԴΪأնɱҶԾ󻼣ԴǼ￶
żǵ壬ڱżӰһܿӦ
巽Ҳͬ˵ڻǲǿߣǿչ·ֻҪѰҵҶ̻ɱ
ƽദĦ˺ܶ࣬һЩҲ彨
ǵĻҲ־ϢǼ٣Ҫ
ɴɱɷŹ
Ժ
ϲ磬ȻҶħļϸڿǶμ¼֮ҲЩҡˡ
һǵʱҶĽʧãã֮Ѿһˡ
ʱ־ʲô
Ϊʲô֮Ϊʲô似
һеһжգûн⿪֮ǰҲ¶ԡ
۱ܲ£ǧٲ䣬ããһƬǧڱڡ
վٲǰ˵ȥǿչ·ѰҶʸףħļϸֽץ
һԣƷҡͷУǿչ·ڳ˼ҵľɱ¾Ѿʺȥˡ
ģܻˮʯһ죬ҺһҶħļϸ
ת˫˸׹⣬˵ĺܵİΣħϸȴĻижࣿ
ⶼһǿ߱ؾľһضȥĻ̸ϴ֮·
Ʒ˫ǵĹâۣ֮һ½ԵУ̤ŵ˵ʬǵϾۣҶд֮־Ŀ顣

˾ռ壬˾УȻҶƮ㣬ˮԶУһж⡣
Ҷ֣ϣͦһأֵһָԺء
˾ƿڣ˵
ȻûзԼҲҶħļϸ
Ҷõ˾۵ĵ۱ϿɣֿһеһУ˵ʲôħļϸ
ȻΪ˼룬ûзԼü崦ڷ˼֮ϡ
磬½ˣܶ˶ΪҶħļϸֻ˻ڼΪҶǱԩġ
ڲҲһ㣡
Ϣһ˲䣬嶼䶯ˣ
Ȼ֪ħϸĸζʲô
һЩһǿҲЩϢ񴫻Ϣȷ䣬ǲòš
Ҳţ
Ůͮͮڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬷ӦǳңҶħļϸ
ҲԸţν似飿̾Ϣ˵
ǰ֪ͮͮǸҶʼȻ˲ؽͨǿչ·ǿͨУһӵ֮似ǲòţħļϸ
һĳҲһ˵
ô˵Ҿħļϸ
ͮͮնһ仰ת뿪ˣҪȥ棬ʵϢÿһϸڡ
أɽˮ㣬ˮ±ڣݳϪߡ
ɺ裬¹ԾԳңԾˮ棬һ͵ľ
һʯ®ǰվţǰ仨ˮ紵ΣȻƺƬΪһ塣
ͮͮ㣬ǰᶨ˵棬ǿչ·ȥѰ
ǲſϢɣ
ãſ˵˫ǳڻǶ䡣
ҾҶħļϸһᡣ
ͮͮƽ˵ͨϢͻ棬ѵҶһֱ飬ƾʵܹˣ
˵ЩҶ֪Ϣ似޷ٵģκڻ˿ֲϢѾˡ
ҡͷȻҲˣҶһֱãԸͽǶ֣Ҳǽǻˣǻɱ
ҶħļϸĻΪ˱Ⱪ¶ӦýȫɱŶԣҲеɻĵط
ȥһҲã絽ҿΪһݾ̵ʱڽǿչ·
Ƭ̣ջǾͮͮȥһ£ҶħļϸɱǵĻҲҪΪʲôϢ似




1844 
ľڰޱߡ
ǹҡҷ͸ռڵ㴫ݼŵ̫ܡ
̫СˣһŹ˵糾һ΢СһŹȴȲϡ
̫嫣ʵڹңԶСϵҪڹۺƴ
ޱߵĺڰУ΢֮УһҲԷɳһСϵҪ˵Խһһľ޴ˡ
Ȼȴо˿Ժļ̨Ĵƣͨͨᴩ򣬵ľͷ
ҶڱǰУаʦڣǲõͨڵ顣
ʵϣѾ˺üȫͨڵ㣬ǿֱ֮ͨ߳ӽޱߵĺڰ֮С
ʱգѾȫʧˣܺˣֻܲǰС
ǵȻǿԵʦ֣ȴҶе
Ǽҳ㷹ϵҲܹɻȥ
ЩʱȻܹﵽҶƤֱ޲һ١
ʱ䣬Ҷ˺ܶ๹̨ģԲϵĺɡ
ˣ
һ󲨶ǿ֮Ŵ򿪣ҶͰ˫˫˳
ˣ
ճǱ㾪һҶıҲ
˿̣ݺһ١
Ҳˣôں嫵УҲ̫ңԶ
Ȼ
Ǵǿͨг֮ȴ׹һƬռ֮С
ΧһѤĹâ֯Юǲϵδ֪ĿռƯ
ܹƬռֻƬռƯֱľԪ߳ʲôʣһ
ɵĺ£
ҶݺݵĶŰǣ޲
Եڳ˿ʧ˿ռ֮УûĻǸ޷ȥ
ռһףֻҪݽȥû£
ΪҲݽ𣿡
ϴ
㻹ˣ
Ҷһݺݵ˵ҪǳȥĻҳ㡣
Ҷɱ˵Ŀ⣬֪İǹҲûٿڡ
ǾڿռƯ޷ֹͣûյ㡣
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ڿռûʱģһɲǣֻȥ˼͡
ڣͣһֱЮǵѤâɢȥˣΧƮһشأһš
ǿռ䷨ɵôཻ֯һεΪۣ
ʲô
ͣ󣬰ǻһ½ǣܲ鿴Ȼһ
Ҷע⵽ˣǰԶبһ޴ĳѨâ財
Ѩ߲ʯһЩ֪ľľɣ߲˸ݳ޵˼㡣
Կó޴ĳѨڿռģſռƯơ
棬ǻ貣ʥˮ޴ĳѨлۣٲһ㡣
뻹ԶҶӦһɰԪĲ
ǡ
߽֮󣬰Ǿˣ˫۷Ź⣬һಡ޴Ѩȥٶȿ硣
ҶҲˣȻûмԺһЩ伮ȴһЩйĲ²⣬бйдȻɲ꣬Ҳܿš
ǰ޴ĳѨ伮мصһ޶ǳơ
ϹޣǿĴʡ
磬ѾֻһЩӵϡѪࡣ
׼ʳۣӵѪĳԻΡ
˵֮ˣѪϡ㲻ˡ
ȻϹʱڵޣʵȴҲһֻ֧ߣмںΪ飬˳
Ҳ˵ĴڣܶǿߣޣܹΪ١
վס
Ѿ֮УҶҲչ׷ǲһ׷ȥ
죬ѿ˽ȥһɫһ㣬գ۾ͿûӰˡ
ҶĺʲôãܴëһƲףڶ̰
ƴޱȣ϶кöǾǳڵȥġ
嫵һƬûоͷһļžһҲûС
ȻȴΪ
ҶͰû˿ֱͣԴͷǰԽԽܸо
ʬǣ
ǰİǾһȻǰԶĵطبһ߾޴ĹǼܣǧɣɽһ㡣
ϣ
ǰҶһ£ͷʯ֮Ӳޱȡ
һͷǿޣǰʵﵽ߾۷壬п׼ۼġ
ҶԣûΪܼҲ֪ȥ˶꣬ԾɱŰܡ
ʬǣܼһʥǽ
ѵлŵɣ
𾪡
˿ֲǿޣܹһ۳ưԣȴΪѪʳ³ɱ
ܹǿǿ޵ʳģ֮⣬
ܿ죬Ǳ˺üĺǣͬһ⣬ǳǿ
ǡ
һ飬һͷǵĺǣСɽһ㡣
ͬ࣡
Ҷ٩
ǣǿޣ˸Ӵţ̫塣ɫд˷ܡ
Ǽ䣬ֻ̫ˣ޷ߣ̰ԸɱŹ϶취ߵġ
ֻ̾ˣ˺嫵ղߡ
Ѿˡ
һǰһ˵
ԼãҶѯʡ
ûпκαĺۼȻûʲôڻļ󣬵Ҳ˵˰ɣ
ܼ򵥣ûбĻһ֣̾ͻᱻӦֱҲû֣˵Ǳģ˵Ѿˡ
ǵٶȺҶ£۵糸һĸȥ
ǰ罭һл

Ǿ
ǰ߲ʯϣһľޱ޾ȻѿԾɢŹâ
ľഫõǶҵһꡣ۾ֱˡ
ľһһ޴ĳѨܼªȴصϢ
ޱȰ磬޾ľѳɣɽһߴݺζɡ
ľںڣѨҲˣ϶¾ɣηϢ

ͻȻǽצָģ𾪵˵
Ķ
Ҷһæϸ߿ȥ鿴ȴָû
Ȼ֮ڣһĥ̰޴ѣǻ֮Ϊϡ
˵Ƿ˲ѵҲǣҶɻ
ҵģ
Ƕ˵ֱӳȥʩչͨҪߡ
Ȼ
飡
·һεϣոսӽͱһɳȥˤ˸ʳ

Ǳˤòᣬǰֱðϵ˦Դ߳ڴѪ
ղһ£ˤðǳ˷ŭ
ô󣬻ûԹôĿһССѣȻ˸ͷǸо޹⡣
ҾͲţղˣ
Ƿݣٴγȥ
飡
ˤøݣֱӱɳȥ߰ԶĶ˼š
ǺǺǡ
ʱﴫһŵЦ




1845 
ڣһöĥ̴֮оȻŵЦðŭɶоԼܵ˳Ц
#%#&һöЦˣ
ǴŭѪĶˣǱ
ţ
ҶҲǳȣԭΪһöͨû뵽Ѿʶ
ܷһɣҶֹ
ಣ
Ǵӵֳ̼࣬ɣһСɽƵģɺĴͷɳŰ뽫һڸȥ

Ҷһռеʱ䣬ûа׷ѣΪǣſݻһǬһǿ߸Ӳᱻɽȥ
Ǻǡ
û˿洫ĵЦâ˰ǵɣɽ
ЦëЦ
ŭɶƴʩչͨҪȥ˾ţ֮ȴ˿޷ֺԽŭ
˰죬þ˸ֶΣ۵ÿ°ĭȻ˿
â֮ϣԽ
ĥ̰СǾӨ͸һɼǿҵ
Ǻǡ
ڲʱһĵĳЦðǸλ󶯣ŭ
ģȥˣ
ĥ˫Ӳâݺݵ˵ӲҪˣҪ磬ʲôζ

˵䣬һɫĻ۽öȥ
⡭
ҶĿɿڴǻǼƷǿһö˵͸ˣû˿ԥ
ܿ𣿡
Ҷаֹ
֮£˷֮⣬˵ûڣǵıܿ
ʱдһ־ľ񲨶ƺǳηǵɫ档

ſڿЦ뻯һƬ𺣣ڡ
أʧˣ·ıˣֻҪõʱܽ׿ˡ
һʱȥˣøӹâ貣۽ĸ˿ûб仯
ʱȥˡ
ʱȥˡ
Ѿ۵ýƣòͣóһЩԪҺָ
ϽռʱԤе˲ҶЩھеղһȫսϽС
ҲҿƵԸҶôѰҩҩûŵ۱һ硣
꣡
ڴʱѿһ϶һ˵ܰ
ҵģ
Ƕʱ񣬹˲ƣҶһâ赲⾺
ಣ
һɫ磬գۼ嵽ǰһԶצӲϵشţ˫̰Ĺâ
ҵͣˡ
ڴʱ
飡
ѿһɰϢһ೤ĽɫСӵгһβͱ㽫ǳɳȥ
#%%
бˣŴѪݣѡ
ڣﻹ᲻ף
ñŵСǰ
ǣʯͷԼĽţܣ
ҲѾˣСѾҲˡ
ಡಣ
೤ĽɫС·ɣٶȿ磬ڰ
ɵԽԽ࣬ϵĹâҲԽԽ̫ɡ
໡
СһȻֱǽž죬೤ȻͻƵɶ೤ӽɣ˽һǧ䲻
۹
ɫСЦһǧһ㣬Ǹոճ
߾أСôֱ
ЦˣɫСע⵽һֱڸҶҶһͷһĿˮ
⻹Ǵ˵кɲе
ôһƦࣿ
ҶĿɿڴеĵλȿ
ԭΪĴˣҶжűܵľηǱϾǻǧͼڡ
ȻǰͷƽȴЦã⻹һոճ𣿷һƦӡ
ҶУһֱΪһʥǿĴڣǸ߹ġʥģǰȴ˵ġࡣ
ЩԣĿϿյޡ
ʱҶע⵽ƽȻΪצеĻ
ҶоӲ˼ˣ
һͷѪĶȻ޷ά
С棬û룬˵Ĵ󻰣ñѵѵ㣡
Ƿһҩ˲临ԭŻƽ
ǳޣ֮ǰеǵıгƽӡ˱
ڲ֮£ƽ͵Ϯˣ˱
ǸϳԿ˿Ȼֽѵѵͷſ
ȻˣҪ뷨ǽͷշܽͷշǽҫ
㣿һʺҲðΰٸҶҲܣã
ɳĻƽĿ˰һۣһмӡ
̵ľүĳۿˣǣǹ
Ǵŭһ߽һ߳ȥצӻӳһɱ⣬ƽץȥ
ءڸ𣿡
ƽѹûж㣬ƾǵĴצϣһۼû¡
飡
ƽͻȻһβٴνǳɳȥֲ
µ
ڵϴ˸еһЩһƬ׹⣬ƽȥ
ৣ
ƽ·𶴴ռһ㣬˲ʧڰǵͷһſڣһɫ磬׽֮һڰϡ
໡
ǲҽУëˣһֻŵĴ⬡
Ҳÿ׵֮ܿͽɫ̵Ŀֲ֮˵¡
ŭˣŭˣ
ŭˣչ츳ͨХ£ſһһıԴ
ڱԴУһ»ɢޱѹƽѹ¡
ء
ƽһݺ֮ϣһβͽ³ˣؾ
Ҵ򣡡
ƽ׻ЩԸ񣬸ûжʲô츳ֱͨӴԽռ䣬ڰߣצ߬ȭͷĴڰǵϡ
飡
ǲҽһɳȥ߰ԶȦһƬ࣬ƽһ۴ÿЩӰˡ
ԿУռˣ˫ִ󣬰ǸǶ֡
츳ͨҲǶ֣Ȼƽֻһոշս̫ǿˡ
ʺǲ
ƽһߴһ߽ţѹŰǿŰ
ү
ǱñͷܣȴѼӵģ첻á
¼ٵ׷ǲ㲻ƽĹơ
̶һӣѾˣƽƹ֮ר۾ͱӵȴĲλ
ѾǱѪϣᶼˣʩչ׷ǲжܡ
ȻԾⲻ˱ˡ
˲ϢٶҲǷǳֲġ
ٶϣǲռơ
Ȼ¼ٵ׷ǲǱϾǸ崴Ĳʺ
֮ȻˣٶȴۿۣƽʱںͻƽһȣʱԳˡ
ƽȻٶȼ죬ϾǸճЩ̬ͯûж԰ɱ֣ƺ˴Ϸ顣
ȻִϷȴðǸоԲ
ⲻ
˿̵
⻹һոճ
̫ǿˣ




1846 
֮ڣ
չֶΣԾɲлƽñףǰֱð
ҶеȵǣͷåƦȻҲûʩչʲô츳ͨƾⲫŰǣͷܡ
еԶ
Ӧðھ֮ϣӿŶԡ
ȻͷƦȴåܣȫⲫ
飡
ƽػӶȭͷٴνǴɳȥˤ˸߻ء
ҲǸҺϴ̷ǳȻͷۻԾһûһµĻš
ȻԽǷƽԽ˷ܣһ⣬Χϳ֡
顭
ɫȭͷڰϣһ㶫ᡣ
ңҶҲ޶ԣǰȥ׼Űһͬշ
ҲˣͷƽȻֻսǷǶޡ
ֻƽȫһѱƦԸ񣬺շ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣Ҷһһ˹Ųǳɡ
ءҶС㲻ҪͲţƲСˡ
һ߱ͷһߴ
뵱꣬ݺڣܵУ˱ң۶Ա࿴أʹˣ
ڴţͬʱֱƽ˺üȭñѪҲһƷ裬򲻵ƽ
Ҷȴͣ˽ŲЦЦĿŰǡȻ봵ţ
ٴαˣľײ˳ȥɢ˼һ㣬һۡ
ءҶСӣǿҡ
ǰҡղŲǺѣ㡭æ
Ҫӣ
ҶЦЦǰȥ˰ǰǺͻƽˡ
߾أСٸүÿһᣡ
ƽƺʲôһ㣬˵ƦƦʮǸСƦӡ
ҵﵹܺʣҲûҵݡ
ҶͰǴ࣬ͬշͷճõ
ȻͷƽոճһʱȴѾɳ´ˡ
һ뵽ܹһͷݵĻƽΪҶͷһȡ
ѽѽޣˣƾһСС࣬Ҳү㵱ȥɡ
ƽŭֱһβҶɨȥŷ֮ƼΪˡ
ҪСһʹĽѵףϲ¡
ϣ
Ҷâţһɫһ㣬صβ֮ϣ֮
໡ˣ
ƽβһ㣬۵ϴϵ˦βͣҶһ˿˿η塣
ҶҲĲͬоֻۡ
ƽȻŸոճãǿˣֱ˼顣
ԹԵҵҲģ򡭡
ҶĿеĻƽ˵
ΣүҸƴˣ
ƽſһɫ磬ֱҶȥ̫٣ǳֲ
䣡
ҶܣӶȭͷֱӽɫˣŲ׷ǲһǰȥһȭڻƽıϡ
ءۣˡ
ƽһˣ۵ĴצűڿֻQ

ЦôצŶӵãͽзˮתҲζ
⳩죬һɨ֮ǰƣһԿ֡
ŭˣүŭˡ
ƽԴҡҡΣͷ˲һŴĿĽ⣬һԶԶɫĹӣɳ
Ҵ򣡡
ƽ֣һͷ죬СƦһ㣬Ҷȥ
ϡ
ĽҶͽӲǻɵĽѣˡ
һһս̫ˣĽƣѱˡ
ƽȫӣûһ˿Ϊ޵ľȫƦӡ
˿̣һצ߬ɫǻɵĹӣֳ࣬һͷܵļƣҶ֡
òûռʲôˣȫҶѹŴ˸ղŰǵ龰
νɫˣ˱ŰĶҶһȭͷϵôϣʹ
ءʹˡ
Сʲô̥ôүǿ
ˣս
ƽƬҶñ˲٣ɫѪҺֱϡ
ӦҵҾͣ֡
Ҷ˿Ϊ֪һȫǸƦӣ⣬úĥĥԸշ
룡
ƽԸѱߣԹԵĸһ൱ŶҲûС
͹ֲˡ
ҶһХսٴһһ㣬ֶ˻ƽеĽһԴϡ
˲䣬ƽԴϹһ۵ͷתһ㡣
飡
Ҷʩչɱɢ֣һֻɫĴִһʯӰֱӽƽſˡ
꣡
ƽһ࣬ǰֱðСǣӰˡ
˿̣ˣԸǱˣһɥſڵϣһװ
ۣ
ۣ
ҶǰţڻƽԴϣߵԴϵĻε
Ҷ˿Ҵ⣬һһƽȻǸճõҲԲС
ĻƽҶŰһ٣˵ֱצȻһˡ
С棬
Ҷǰһ˵
ү
ƽѰ֮ǰ˵Ļԭⲻ͸Ҷ
ݺݵ˵쵰צƽצ㿴ûУеĻߣҶҲѵͲǴ𣿡
ϺǣҸҺᣬѵ㣡
Ҷ֣һ˰ʮһƣһԪڣ˿ҲӲ



ҶǻɵĽľһԴϿһͨ
ƽԴ۵¡
˶ðүҡҡ
ƽҽһ˵ݻ͸оޱйϣû취֡
ţٿ񰡣
Ҳ֣ҶҪһŻƽһӡ
ֿɱҶڶˣһڻƽıϣ㽫ıˡ
@#%
ƽ޳ôôù
ոճ⵽һٿŰһӵᡣ
һƽϵƿڴԻҶֱü
һ׼һСƦӣ⣬ȻѾòģԾɲ䡣
Ҳˣʵ޷շͽ˳ɡ
ǿŻƽ۷Ź⣬ſˮҶ顣
ţ鲻üûԶˣҪһ۰⣡
ҶͷֳɵľǺܿͼһһ
ƽ£ڱҶ˰ʮһƣһ˿Ҳòֻܸɵۡ
ס֣ɱСӣ㣬ҷˣҷ˻𣿡
ҶóһѺıƽˡ
ƾҶʵƵģ˿ӲĻԿľ
úǰȶȹǰѹ˵
ԺֻҪָͨ򲻹Ӱɣ




1847 بǿ
ܵв£ƽЭˡ
ɣԼӲĻҶһ
ôʶĻαذٴ򣡡
Ҷ𱦵ƽϵĽƽ˼жȴ޷ȫȫʵ
òһ֣ƦԲôշģ÷㡣
ʱƮһ˵Ŀ
ҶһͷǰɱǿϳɱˣȻȪˮϴھì˿
ڼ䣬ҶҲϴŵԼЩϻۻݵȶҪ˻
ЩΪ׼ģϵ̫󣬷ڰ̰ļһʵЩġ
ʲô˼ѵ̰ЩֵǮĻݲݲɣ
ǿ顣
Ȼջȫ˳Ҳ˲ƷʯһЩȪҺ
ޣĿζȻ̫ãǿ޵ʵȷž⣬̰Ǵ֮
û죬ǵĿˮ˺ӣӲĹ졣
ոտãȲ˺һڵϴãԵÿˮĽ
㣬úóԣүǧûгԹôõĿˡ
ƦĳҲòĶȥһצһĿ⣬Եͣˮɽ
Уٴţ
Ƿۣһӵ˵С棬Ľߣ㲻ճʱѣ˵ʲôǧ꣬ʱ»ӵĵء
ò˵ǱƦòᣬԹס䣬񶾡
ʺ㶮ʲôүͲҪʴʣ¶֪
ƽбۿ˰һۣһмӡ
ҡ
뷢쭣뵽ԼƦĶ֣һ϶Կֻĥ
Ҷʵ
֪ǿģķ˵Ǵӷ̥
ͷһ˵
Ȼ޵ϵ£޵֣ųƶܵ޵д˧
Ʀ˵
ޣҿͺԴĽ߻ࡣǲĴ
ƦڻҶϣûлԣڻƽԴϹͺͺģг
꣡
Ʀֱһɫ磬ȥ
ٺ١
ǼЦһͷϹһһöϽ֣ɫֱˡ
˵˵ô£
ҶȤĿƦ
ЩƦĻˣһ̫ˣԲһճǸ˼ǧ֡
һճӸĸ̳һЩҲԲγԸֻͯ档
ЦΪʲôҪ˵˧Ĺȥ
ƦֱӸһףצһ̳ӣһ˸׶
˵˾ͻǣһʥʱԶôͺŰɡҶĸߵĽ˵
ɱСӣȻ
ĥߴ˰죬ջ᲻ԼǣԼ˵˳
Ʀеһ࣬ʵǿ󣬿ۿ⣬ǿ֮С
ֱǧǰһȺǿΪȻ֪ĹУ±ֱӳ֣Щȫɱƽ𣬽Щʬȫճɻҡ
Ȼû뵽ȴۼﶢˣ׷ü
ƦҲǳصģڴսУ֪˶ٸ򣬻ӲһеĴۼǿߡ
ȻԼҲˣֻٴ·
ʣµļ׷ᣬں嫵׷ʮꡣ
ƦȼԪƴֶβش˼ˣԼҲ;ƿݵʱ
ƴһ˿Ԫʩչͨ򿪿ռصԼĳѨС
ԭΪ˯ͿԻָȻ˵˱ԴָܻˣһжҪͷʼ
գƦ֮£ֻѡԼһö˴󲿷ֵļ䣬ڿռָ
ռ᲻ϵƯƣΧǻγΪԴԪա
һʼֻһ˿ִûκμ䣬еļ䣬˴֮󣬶ӡ˵ϡ
ֻҪƿǶܹõһֵļ䣬ʵѾһȫµˣֻǼ̳ǰĲּѡ
Ҷֱ̫̾˼ˣνȻ˶ա
ǰıȥĻ֪Ҫܳء
ҲܹƦΪʲôսʶôǿ󣬵ʱȴͯ¶ˡ
ǧļ䣬ճԣһìܵ塣
Ҷ˵ƦԼ˵֮󣬱㽫ǻ
˵ôôǿ󣿡
Ʀǰȥ֮һҶʵ
ãԼΪеĻߣʹ˼£̫һ᲻ɴݡ
ȻҶȴ˱񣬱ⲻޡ
ٺ١Ͳ֪˰ɣ
ǵ˵ҶСӿǴ֮壬ҿԺ֮棬ܹͬʱ幦似Ĺ似ԸһССĽ߻һ
ʵϣҲƣôԼҲеߣӵѪȴһͷոճȥƦһ١
ԣֻҪлᣬԻݺݵĴһͷƦһԼı
ⲻܣ
ƦΪ𾪣۾˲Բˡ
дļУ֪ﵱཻţΪ˴ﵽĿġ
ܹͬʱӵ壬ǼǿĴڣԽΪ
Ȼ˺ܶԪҲûɹȴħĵ
ƭҲһһɣ壬޷ݣһͬʱӵĻͱˡ
ƦЦѹͲҶܹͬʱӵⳬԽ֪
ҶСӣչʾ۽硣
˳һ鿾⣬һ߿һҶ
Ҷ룬չʾԼΪģΪסѱƦʵ㣬ٴ⡣
䣡
Ҷ籡Ũ֮һԶȥ
ͬʱֹâţһһ㣬ɢֲͬͷһѪʢѪ˿ռ
ϢͬʱƵط·Ҫعڻһ㣬һɻϢ쫷һҶΪı

ƦĿɿڴҧԼͷæͣ¾ͻᱻݲеĲˡ
ȻڻٵҲļң˿
ÿһʯÿһľѾӺ嫵Ѱģһڵ״޷޸
ˣ
Ҷ֮һ΢Цؿ
ˣҲ𣿡
Ʀһ𾪣ȷʵסˡ
ҶɢϢ䴿еĴۼǿϵϢҪ
һͬʱӵζʲô
ζţֻҪɳĻᣬؽԽۣΪبǿߣ




1848 սʱ
ʶҶͬʱƦʵˣԸ˲١
һڴ졣
УƦڵȫˣȻûм󣬵ȴ˼ЩʥϢ
Щɢݵģû˿ͻҲ˳
ռû½棬ֻˮǻԣĹԴ
ء
ء
һǺƦȿֺһͨ
ͷʲô
ҶҳݺݵԴһ£˯Ѿ͹Ҳ°ѹúǸôռɡ
ΧǿռһȥҪǲܵġ
ҲҶΪ飬ſռƯ֪Ʈȥ
˵°ˡ
Ʀһںӣƺ˵ƿռֻǾ֮͡
ţ
ĻҶʱǰһ
԰
СƦӵϳ϶аȫͨôܽ
ǾͱĥߴˣϽ뿪
Ҷߴ٣Ѿ̫ʱ䣬ٵȥˡ
ϣͿðɣƿռүҵֺϷ
Ʀڸ߿ղһ˫צϻһصӡͬʱ
ֱ۵ÿѪˣвš¡һ죬һֱӶ˿ռ
ţ
Ʀһβֱӽ֮ͨУȥ
ҶͰǲҵһ⣬׷֮ͨС
Ҳ֪ͨз˶ãҶһ𣬳˿ռͨУ˾ͷ
ǰһŻĴǣɳأû˿
ƦŴǷȥҶͰҲŽûд㣬ûֲûֻвɽ޾ɳϡ
һ٣Ʀʶ;һ㣬ҶͰһƬɽгȥ
ɽ룬ҶȻһϵļ̨ǿչ·ϵļ̨
ô֪Źдͼ̨
Ҷȵʵ
кܳһ˵֪ģǴǿչ·ϺɶֱӽŹϣᵽŹ̽顣
ү˭ݺ޵֣ųƶܵ޵д˧Ȼ֪·ڵˡƦ൱Ը˵
ʹɣײѣбһǿչ·Ľڵҿ
ѹͲƦܹʱֱӶλһм˵
Ӳıĳ治
Ʀһߺ͹ѵĿ˰һۣͲмڸԻ
˵˭ӣ
ĥȻɲΪ壬ҲԼ
˭ǻҾ˵˭
㡭
ۿŴսҪҶֻôеͣˣˣ˵ɡ
СƦӣǴӦҪҵģɲ˵㻰ԺҵˡҶĿŻƽ˵
ʲôʱӦƦ˵ϹɳӦҶ¡
ǴӦȻͳǵĿˡһԽҴĻԡ
Ϲ˵ҸûдӦ
Ʀֵϸ룬ô˵ģ
˵ҷˣȴûдӦ
ƦƱ磬Ҷ
˰죬ƦҲûЭҶЭˣͲɣԺеǻᡣ
ţֻҪƽʼߣһ죬Լʿܹʵ֡
ǵϼ̨˿سĹ·նȥ
棬ڰ޽¶ڿݾƷζįһһһǣһƬһƬΣأҶ־ᶨɶҡ
ܶǿǿޣǵصǿߣɱ̤ǿչ·ʿ
УҶûô֣ʥǿߣһԹߡ
ǺƦǳҶ֣ǱһӵϣȿֺɱЩǿ޺һЩе
Ҷ涨˭ɱ͹˭ԼУ档
ƶȴ̼İǺƦ۾ˣһЩûǿޣߵĹǣǻϵıԹ
ĺԼ֪ʲôطΧ޾ǿվǻĹǡ
ЩʱһŹϣѰҼ̨Ҫʱ䣬⻹Ľ
Ʀ䲢ȫܶʱͲ̨֪ʲôط
ڿݼŵǰУʮ죬νС͵ļ̨ɣѰһر·
ˣ
ոմг֣Ǳ⵽ϮһͷһǿɱſһƬҶͰǡƦȫڶ֮С
ҵģ
ƦֱһƬƽ𣬽ճޣһβǰȥаɵսһ
Цһһ֮Уĵıƽ׼һɱ
Ҷܾòѧǧɱ۵һЩƤë
һȱڻռȫˣֻҪܹ͵ϮͶ潻档
֮ǰζǿ޵ʱƦǰվǿ޵עԼŻ͵Ϯ
ò˵սǳЧܹһɱ
һЩǿǿޣСҲ﷭ˡ

ҶƦͰǿƯͬʱ񴫳Ϣȴˣţǿչ·ҲѸٴҶ֣
̤ǿչ·콾廹壬š
ܶ˶Ҷһǵó˵Ϊնɱ̫徫Ӣħļϸɡ
ҲЩΪҶħļϸΪΪλ׼ۡ
׼ʲô
ûд۵У׼۾ǿǿս
ǶΪҶħϸĻôҶ;Բħļϸ
ڼ䣬ħӡºҲǰδеΣ޵жˡ
ֺųɹǣɽٹȻǳǿ
Ҿ˵·Ҳ磬Ȼ͸עĿˡ
Ҷ뿪Уǵľʥǿ߽硣
ȻҲǵĽܳӣޱ߷ơ
·սٽϵǿ߷׷׽ٵ硣
ҶƮ㣬ľתƣ貵Ĺ⻷Ҳʵһ죬ʱ䳤б
սʱǿӿ룬ǵĵܵոµĻƽʢʱڡ
ȥҶҲսᱻ˽һһǿĹǳ޾еļҪǡ
ȻڰҲüޣܶ׼ۼǿ߶硣
ҶħϸȻûеȻܶѾΣʶ
һҶħļϸôڰʱпǰ
·ڲѾսݣʥǿ߶䡣
ʱ򣬺ڰǰĻǽΪյһΣпʹˡ
һûдۼǿѹڰ
ڶڲսݣںķǳ󣬼Ҳͬˡ
һڰǰ磬鶼пһ֣֮




1849 ʿȸ
ǿУһͷɳǿʬĿ
ʥսϳ棬ǿޱȡ
ȻƦѹ£ʮսֻܷӳ߳ɶѡ
ֺοһһԻ񣬷ɢٵע
һʱ飬͵Ϯɹֱҧ˲ӡ
ҵģ
ǻһ׹⣬צֱԴһöͷ޺ˣ˸ŶĿ⡣
ٺ١
ƦЦһֱƿĶӣѪУӵժһöɫڵ
%#
ǰûڲѡ
޺Ȼ󣬵ǺڵͲԶˡ
Ȼ֥鶪ϣڵƵײǽ
գǿʬ壬ǰС
󷲶ʶǷǳġ
ǿޣѾﵽʥʵʸǴ֮Ȼܷ
ã棬ûб߼ʡ
˵һŰǶ糾С͸Ҫ˵һˡ
Ҷֳսìǿ֮УǺƦһһҵߣΧѲӡ
һתۣ¹ȥˡ
УԡѪɱ˺ܶǿ޵Ϯ
ÿһŹ϶ǿЩȾʥҶⲻ⣬Ʀмβ
ѪսƦٳɳȻԶﵽ۷֮Ҳչֳǿʵ
Ĵ̼£Ҳˣƴɱǿޡ
һһǷ·һϾˣǳңһͷǿޣǱų֡
ʣΪƽСƦӣʵҪ߳һء
Ȼ
Ͼףûȫָ䣬սԶǷḻټϰһó͵Ϯԣһֱûֳ¡
һƦǳޣԼʵǺܶ࣬սʱȴǰǼˡ
üβɱˣǿ޲ɱУ׼һɱ
Ҫսʤֵʱ򣬰ͻȻ֣֮ƣֱӻɱޣõĺô
ⲻޣ
ûǿ޵ʱƵҶòеͣ
һ죬ǽһƬ̫ŵ
޾ǿ֮УĵǳҲǿչ·ϲŻĵط
һǣǰȥ޾ʬǡ
ͬһΣյǳǿк֮ܶأ̤ǿչ·˽ҲóȻ롣
ء
Ʀһһβ㽵ƬçĹϡ
Ϊޣκ޶ܸϢɢܶ޶Ķ
ҶߣѰʺԼĵط
ǿôʱ䣬ò׽һϣȻҪúøһ
ʵ־أѾûʲô壬ҪǸع򣬸Ԫط
ϸԪطǳ棬ȻһԪطڡ
Ѿõľ֮ˣԪصĸѾ˷ǳĵزѾҪٶˡ
ҼҪľ֮˺ڣҪѰľԪػ߻Ԫطˡ
ء
ܿ죬ҶѰҵһѵ֮ء
һȣŰŨķԪأǸԪط֮ء
յ֮ȣҶ㿴ʬ壬ѪѾɺԣɢĹѪζŨҡ
Ʀ
ȻҲǼԦĺ֣Ǻķ֮ȻԶء
о⴦֮һǿ޴ڣпǺͬޡ
ǵҲΪޣе壬ΣűܵԤС
ֹҵأǶҵ벻
ڴʱһλߵϡ
һͷʿȸڷ֮ϿգһƬһ㣬ͶһƬӰ
ϼţƬ貵Ĺâʥ
ʿȸǳưĿҶͰǡƦǣΪƽƦûз
Ľߣ㣬ô죿
һԹһӻˮѿͷʿȸǳԲǸǵ
ƦȥˮĻٳֽƷ
ƦǶֵĻȥҲֻбŰķݣͲˡ
ȸ˵ĺᣬ̳˷˵ͨشˣɱ֮飬ȻǲɱģƷãܵĻҲֻ·ˡ
ʺûϵȫ㣬̣
Ʀбۿǣһߵӣȴûг֡
ǧļ䣬ȻȱȫҲôúƵġ
Ǹڰôʱ䣬ѽȱڻѧ˸߰˳ɡ
νҲеѣ㲻ͬޣĻԺұһӡ
ϼ޻Ʀļһĵ˵
仰ƦʹΪޣȻ޵ϣˡ
ء
ƦһһβӭȥʿȸССΰĻƽҪúýѵѵ㡣
㣿
ʿȸһƲ죬˵ȻѪȷܸ߹󣬵ʵԶԶУͬΪ޵ķϣҲɱ㣬ȥɡ
ѽѽˣȭ
Ʀŭåһ㣬ɫצ߬ȭͷѸʿȸȥһɫȭâᴩء
ƽݺᷭɣһƦһ㣬һߴһﲻϵԻ
Сӱһплڣ
ȭ

ҶͰĿɿڴƦǡ࣡
Ϊ壬ͨһЩ߰Ķӱ𣿡
ʿȸˣ֣Ʀʹʳɫ쵶һ㣬ա
ϣ
ʿȸһǳᵶնƦϣĽͷתǰһƬСǡ
絶
ʿȸһ߳ʩչ츳ͨƬԪһ쵶Ʀն¡
ءˡ
ƦȻˣֿ񱩵Ծʹֱӷɵȥһɽײˡ
ҶԾͷȸȻдķѪԷԪصĲٿѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
СУүһʶ㻹˾ˡ
ƦλԴһƬзɳζԿ˱һĸôܵˣ
ƷԪأүҲᡣ
Ʀһ죬ǿѪˣøһЩƨ׷ӱܡ
쫷У
ƽһ˫צһɫ쫷磬ʿȸȥ񱩵ķ˺
ʿȸһͬʱϼ˲˺쫷磬ڻƽϡ
䣡
âһƽҽһձɳȥǧԪײ˺üɽ塣
У
ҶͰͬʱһʿȸ̫ǿˣʵ߾֮ϣпǾʥǿߣѹѶԸ
һΣƦܴأðƵķɻѪ죬Ƭ˲֪١

ƦƢˣѪһ㣬һƾһγʷˡ




1850 һӢ
𣡡
ƦƬƽ𣬷
Ȼ
ʿȸĿطͨ£ƽ𵹾ǵԼ룬Ʀһ
꣡
ƽޱͨ׷ʩչһɫ磬ֲ֮졣
ʷ˻ֹâһ⣬ɫ硣
ûбըû磬ŹٵĽɫͬʱʧˡ
ս£ƦԭҶǰ԰԰ڣû뵽ϸӲӣѪѹá
أƦٴ·磬ֻм֮ûл֮ˡ
ɫŹǳֻܶܣӲ
ϰףȥСƦӣ
Ҷûг֣ڸ˸ĵطϥظԪصıʺͷ
˿̣ƦЩмܲסˣ㿪ðȥæ
Сֵǿɲһһڶô򵥡
֮СͷʿȸȻǿƦͰ֣ܽսܡ
ǴӦһһΣ֮Уɱʹøˡ
εԡѪɱǵʵ˳Ľ۾磬˿Ҷһ㡣
ڵİѾ۷ˣֻһɳΪʥߣʵǳֲ
ֻһ̫裬ײ潻֣ǶڰŻ͵Ϯ
ǶôɱĻҶҲδĶ֡
֮Ͽմս죬ƦСУ۶ˣһʿȸնȥ
ȸ콣
ʿȸҲ˫һȣһë콣ƽ䡣
ҲڷŰǣͻȻ֡
һĶõ£ʵⲻȫӣսƽˡ
Ϳȸսƻ̫ǿˣƬɽݻ٣ɽֱ˽ѿһֲľ޴Ѻۡ
ǴӴս߿գֽһ㣬飬Ϣ֮
֮УŻ֣ʿȸ˼в
Ҷûйעս֣ĸԪصķͱʡ
磡
ؼԴİԪ֮һȻľ顣
ڲϸУҶ֣̥ΧİԪطУһϵԪطĿʼ˸
һɫķģǴŷԪصķġ
ŶԷԪطĸ򲻶ϼԪطҲ
ˣ
ѿһͬϽһ֣һ״Ͻ䡣
꣡
׺ݺʿȸϣ񱩵֮ʱľ
໡
ʿȸҽһëͬһ㣬һ죬һϸϸĵ绡
飡
ƦȻŹʹˮĻᣬһβصĳʿȸԴϣʱͷת
Ҵ򣡡
Ʀֳƽڿȸͷϡ
ʿȸѾͷתˣְػҲֲסˣһۻȥ
ͨ
ʿȸ޴׹ҵôضһ󶶶
ʧȥ˿ȸĿƣ֮еˣܽͨ˴˿ǰǺƦҪתܵ
Ҷ·ûһڷڴһһʯ˿
ǿҵ˿κãԷԪطĸ
ò˵ȸǿʵҲǳǿƬ̱ѹ
ŭĶƦͰ˵ɣȻ͵Ϯҡ
ֻҪӮνɲɡ
Ǻ⣬ݺݵвССǵĽôΪǲɱ𣿡
ҪɱɱһʲôӢۣ
ʿȸȻûлûһ޶ǳǿ
⻰ûãұû㵱Ӣۣ
ǵ仰ʱƦĤݲѣҵ֪ĸо
Ǹе࣬ƦƦʲôҲ£ûʲôصܹԼ
ǡ
ȸᣬƷһ취ҲûУ顣
Ƭ̫ŵطҲǿޣڸ֪ƽɢѹ֮󣬶ԶԶأûһڸӡ
ұƬʿȸأ޸ҽӽ
ΪʿȸҲǸݲӣóȻأֻ·һ
ڲǰЩʿҪڷ֮ȸԪأץ
Щȫʿȸ˺ˣǲҵľòľս˱ᡣ
ﱬսǾ͸ҿˣںԶĵطĬĬͿȸĴսᲨԼ
б¾͸ҵһŰҲű
ʿȸ߰ͷѾǽԾԸı°ԸֻԴԵüг
Դˮˣ
Ʀָһӣɽ˻ôţʲôʸǵ
㻹һ𣿡
ʿȸߴʹᶼˡ
ʵһצƽȻһϣֱƦӡ
ʵ¶ˣƽǸСƦӣʲôģһûС
ʲôܳ𣿡
Ʀ仰ʿȸˣôƷһ취ҲûС
㵥
ʱҶƽ
˸ʿȸȥǸͨһ㣬û˿ǿϢͷų
㣿һСС壬ҲҶԱƺͲ
ʿȸҶһۣһ˵
㲻ң
Ҷһüë䵭Ŀڣ˿ûн
ҲңʲôЦһ᲻ң
ʿȸһ񣬻Ѫ纣˵ĵطٸԭһ˫Ŀ硣
ʱƦͰԼͬ˿ˣͬʱǻ⿪ϵĽƣܹȫӡ
໡
ʿȸ쳤Хɢս⣬콣һָҶ

ʿȸ׼ֵʱҶڵҺ㵥һܲûвͷɣ
ô
ʿȸһҲҶʵ
ܼ򵥣Ӯңұȥͬʱ˳أˣǾ͸ߣҵ׷ΣҶ˵
ƽ̫ƽˣ
ҶⷬƦѣƾʲôôã˾׷ߣʱȴҪҵ
죡
ҶɨƦһۣƽĵ󲻻ûҵ𣬹ʲô
Ҷǳһ֮Ʀʱʵˣվһ׼ս
ռһλá
ǶҶǳģ֮ǰʿȸսʱǱʿȸǿҲֻǿһ߶ѣҶֲķ࣬һᶼûС
ѵôǿ󣿡
ʿȸаֹҶľ粻ڶѣô˵ҲĶ֡
һҧͷôˡ
ԼĴӦĻһϣûУƽͰ׵ս
㲻ڣ
Ҷһ񣬿Լ׷Ҫһ츳˵ǿˡ
ڣ
ʿȸս߰ɫ⣬˵




1851 һл
鳣
ǶԣʿȸŰ
ֶһˣ
ƦҲͷ֪Ҷʵжֲ
ʿȸȻǿҲǿһߣҶһϣҲûС
ǵһս
ʿȸսϯ˻ģ£սȥ
Ͼϳһսٵ
ã
ҶһΣһϸ߿ա
Ҳȥ
Ʀ˷ܵŰһͬսȥۿҶշͷĿȸ
ҲȥԼȥɣ
ҡͷ˫թĹâ
ţ
ƦɵĿʺ㲻ڱʲôˮɣ
̫˽ˣһȱ£ҶͿȸĴս뿴϶ûʲôƨ
ͷСϳûкö𣿡
ǼЦһ׼ǰ֮ȵ
㲻Ҫˣ
Ʀһ԰˵϶кܶǿĽƣôĵȥս𣿡
Уֶ㻹δأССĽʲôֵƳ
˫â֮ȵȥһЩǿĽֱƽ⣬ܵƬ̡
ҵĸ磡
ƦΪ̾ǵֶ۷ˡ
ϴϴҷˣ
Ʀ׷ˣսǵȷĶ֣ڽƺƵϣ˦֡
ԽԽ룬ҲԽԽǿ󣬵ڰǰЩͬ裬޷赲ĽŲ
СȥʿȸϳʱսϣսҲˡ
⹥Ҿ֣
վսҶһХ·˸һ㣬ɫĹ⻪ÿһ˿˸žӨĹ
嫵Ϣһ㣬ѹʮء
ৣ
ʿȸҴ⣬ֱӼԼɫŹ⣬Ҷˢȥ
츳ͨǿͬ˿ɵУֻҪɫŹˢУɡ
ˣ
Ҷ㶼û㣬ֱӳſԼİ
ַĻתγһ֮ڣҶס
ԷİҶСǿ߶޷ơ
䣡
ɫڰ֮ϣҶ˿۾ûգһ¡
ַĿ˸תɫŹΡ
˻
ʿȸһ
ȻܹҶλԼɱһģֲֿ򣬼ֱһ̵Ĺһ㣬޷ơ
ҶʱĸоȴֲͬˣڿȸɫŹв׽ֲͬԪز
ɫŹ⣬ࡢơࡢڡףӦؼԪеĽľˮ
ټԷԪصҲﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزѹֻǿ
ڻɫŹͬʱҶܹоԪصıʺͷ˲״̬

ҶȻ۾ʿȸоܵصӣʱһſһӰ챾ԴҶȥ
䣡
һַĹâʢת챾ԴĹٴλ⡣
ҶΧ·а˸ͬСתκι޷ͻƽȥ
ǹ˰ĳܼ޲п˵޿ܡ
ȸ콣
ʿȸŭˣ䣬һƬ콣ݺҶնȥ
顭
һ죬ȸ𻯳ɵ콣նڰϣ֮𲻶𶯣ȴʼղơ
ɱ
ʿȸŭȣһ˫ɫ쵶նҶ
ʱҶҲ۾˫ֻһߣС
ϣ
ȸ쵶նҶ֮ϣð򲻶ϲת
Ҫ˵ûᣬʲôѧʹɣ
ڣҶֶһ㣬˵
Ҫ
ʿȸͨʩչֻܹսݺᣬ
Ȼ
Ҷһİȴһ˿С
Ҳ̫̬ˣȥΪֹѾչ˸ֶΣȴʼκβҶֺ
ʿȸҶչǿ󹥻ͬʱϳҲڱˡ
ڰƴʦǰκνƶģκβ
Ʀڰ˷ֱܵצӣڽСһ׶೤Уһ˸˸Ź⡣
֮ȵһ޴ĳѨʮɣռɽȣȫԺϷľɣзƮϹ˸˸
Сͦܵģ
ǺٺһЦƿһƣֱӵʿȸĳѨ
ͱݲͬʿȸĳѨǳɾһ
ʯˣ
ƿһƣ˴ʯɢŨԪʥϢ
һ֣ſ³Ͻɫʯȫ˸ɾëûʣ¡
ϴ󣬸㰡
Ʀƨƨߵĸڰ۰Ͱ͵Ŀһ㽫ʿȸЩղȫˣһ˵
˭˭ҵĲ𣿻Ҽ⡣
˵ôȻжȴһҲӰ죬ÿƿһƱֱӼϽ޲Ƥսȥ
Ͻǲڴ۵߰ģڲпռƣǳ
Ʒʯ
ƿһ֮󣬰Ǿȵ˵
ǰһԵı⣬âĿн֮ҲƷʯԴ
ʺٶ̵ĻҾֱӺˡ
ƦˣôöһҲûţںˡ
һſһҾš
ǴԲѵ˵
֣
ˣ
壡
ߣ
壡
ˡ
壬ԲɣֻҪܴùҡ
ݣ
Ʀв£ֻЭˡ
ܿ죬ǱʿȸĳѨչ˳жʿȸռ䱦ȫСС
壬ë
˫ٴƿһƣȻʥâ財
ڵߣû۵СӶʣ¡
ڰǵĴ£ƦǣһβеĶѹ˸ɾ
ʥһ壬Сƽˡ
ֱȸʲôûʣ£뽫ĳѨˣϷľһߡ
ϴǲЩʣϾ϶׷ҶģôҲǵĻ顣
ƦЩǵ˵
սǲȴǿȸĶ֣Ҫʿȸ׷ҶǳϦദԿ
ʲôǾǲۣܳ
ǷƤһڵӡ
ģֵĶȥɱѡ
ҲҶܴõκһ˶С
ǵĳжͬʱսҲֳʤ
ʿȸþ˸ֶΣȴʼ޷ƿҶķвصĴܸС
пʹʱ򡭡
Ҷķˣ
ȭǿգҶһɫ̫һ㡣
ȭȭͷһʿȸϡ
䣡
ʿȸëҷɣɫѪ˰ˡ
һУ
ȸܣ




1852 
ս
ҶȻƮƮ˿Ө
Զʿȸëļޱȡ
꣡
Ҷǰһָһâȸڡ
ʿȸһ𣬿ҶиޱȣҲû֮ǰİ
һȵĴ֮ˡ
ʴȣʤŷˣ
ʿȸվһٴν֡
ɢȥҶǰһò꣬һͷʳɢ˫⡣
ʶһ£ҽпţ
ǰˣһϵ֡
Ҷ
Ҷȣû뵽ͷʿȸѾԻˣֻһֱԱֶѡ
һһݵֻһ
˶Ƭ̣ͬʱЦеĲ죬Цʧˡ
ҹҪԪصķһԪصķҵĽɣԺҿŵˡ
˵䣬һָһɫָ˷ɳҶǰ·裬һɫߡ
ͣ
Ҷ˫âԪصϡ
ʱйطԪصıʳ˫֮УϵĻš
ãɫʧҶ˫ۣԷԪصķ򳹵ˡ
ˣ
ڷ·һյһ㣬ԪصԪطĹâɣԪز¡
߰ɣ֪ϰ׺СƦڸ
˷Ԫصķ֮Ҷһ֣·ǽȥ
ãҵıأ
ʿȸŷ·Ӧʲôɫ䣬ʱֳ壬һɫԼĳѨȥ
Ƭ̺󣬴ս
ʿȸöðˣɫŹⲻǺƦˢȥǼɹ
𰡣
ҵǧ꾫ҵ߱ҵƷʯҵɫʯëûʣ£Ǹվס
ҶЦƾȥ֣Զһԣ۲Ĳ
죬ǲͣΧǧﱻݲеĲˣһɽʧǵĴսбڷ
Ƭ̫ŵҶգб˺ܶطõĴ塣
Ȼ·ˡ
ͬǣ߳˰ǺƦ֮⣬һͷʥʿȸ
ʿȸԹ죬ռıǺƦϴ˸ɾʥûʣ¡
õĶأץ񲻿ɡ
ǿչ·ƼʻᣬܶԸŷ׷̤ǿ֮·
ҶħϸϢҲ͸ǿչ·˼𶯡
û뵽һǣĹӶն˵һ˽ܾȻħļϸ
֪ܶҶһǵ׳ٵʿ׷׸п
뵱Ѫʮεǿ󣬻ûһǱ㾪˳
ȻȴҶһնɱһǣΪ˵һʧߡ
ûŻŻһֻ־ɱ
һŻ׷߲м˵
ŻԶǵǿߣʮﵽ߾ڣǿչ·޵ļ֮⣬˭ҲĶ֡
ߣۼ˺ܶ׷ߣ壬Ҳǿޣһǳǿ
ɳ
ܹǿչ·ӱģһǷ֮о֮
ºħҲݺǿչ·Щ˺պ
ȻҲ˶֣ɹǵ޵Уʥǵļ콾Ҳǳǿ
ЩԡѪսʮ̩óĬ
ħǲܵش
ͷӸϵ˺ĻǴɡ
һΣôħǿչ·һ֮նɱʥߴ֣ѪȾ·
ǿչ·һɵ·˶Ǿ֣ʬǳɾ;ͷһ˵ĻԻ͡
ҲҶħϸĴԡ
ҥҶֵܾħļϸ
ǶҶħļϸǲܵģҶħϸĻܵõϲӡ
»䣬ǿչ·ĳһϵɽУ⡣
ħӡ̩޶ΧһϹһһ⸬
Ǹովһսնɱһͷʥǿޣ˿Ϣ
Ҷֵˣ
ħ̾ɫᣬսմȾѪȥħһ㡣
ϣõϢ޶Ҳ˵
⵽ΧĻƴܷҲҪͷȥһ𲢼սº˵
»ʴӣѪ֮ǳǿ󣬴˿Ѿ˼ִ۵ǿչ·ǿļ֮һ
˵ʵҲѾ̤·
ӳȻһ˵ӣ˿ȴü˵
˷ǳǿҿ¶޷ʤ
˻ʵͷһء
Ż֮һʱ仹֮ϣе
ӣųӣǳӣͼָʱĸ֡
ʱ廹СΪ޵Ѫʳǳѡ
ӳ֮һ쫷磬Ѹٴǿչ·
޵֮ˣɨж֣޿ĳΪǿչ·ǿļ֮һ
ں̵ܶʱڣ߱ۼǿǿߣǿչ·Ͻޱ߷ơ
ǿչ·аʮһǣȡž֮
ڣѾڵʮǣҪȥҪݲУݷǳϡУǶǿչ·Ŵײпܱһ
ǡãºбһȻˣⲻǽģġ
»ʴҲ̤Ϲǿչ·֪ǿչ·Щطʿ˵ǳҪ
»ʴδɵ֮ǰ޸һǿչ·Եõһݡ
ɵ֮Ȼòˣ˲伴ɴ
ǸԼĶһһĳֻԵƾݵͷȥ
磡
ӵʱ򣬾޾ԶһƬУһڷ磬޳˫ǳ˴˸硣
˭ڱ˵һҪ֪ˣȻɱ塣
˸âƽ˵·ɱ˾ֻһ仰ѡ
ӣ˭ڱ˵㣿˲ɣ
һ𵽷һβŮЦ˵
С
ƺܱ˹άĸо٬ָһ¾βŮ°ͣ˵
ӣ˵ҶСħϸ𣿡
һĿ࣬ͷ˫ǵ׳ʵ
Ǵţħٮٮߣ̤ǿչ·֮󣬱Ϊӵ׷ߡ
Ȼ
˫磬Į˵;ԾˣһôôǿӶ
ϧˣȣ̫ˣܿһ˫ʡӵһ׷̾
İɣ֣ұնΪӱ𣡡
һ촽ɭɭ˵
䣬ؿ֤
βŮһյĿ˵
ţ
ɫһ䣬ǰԶĵϢһλ壬λ壬ǹȥ
˵䣬ӻһ磬ǰһƬǺ֮ظȥ




1853 濪
ĵʢѪᴩ񷣬иҫۡ
һƬǺӲ֮أҶƦͰǡʿȸ̤գǿչ·ǰС
ӿȸĿУҶ֪Ѿ˵ڰ˹ųǣǰǵھŹųǡ
ǿչ·ûм̨޷ɣֻƾʵǰС
;һ챮ָ·ʧǿ֮С
յĸ·նɱ˲·ǿޣƬǺӲ֮ء
Χ貵ǳһǻˮһ㣬
һ·ϣǲûһߣҲûУܶѾʮˡ
ڲǰҶͻȻӦмʢϢǿ
ԴˣҶûᣬѾ˺ܶ࣬Ҫˡ
Ψ̤ǿչųǣܺһ
ܶŵء̫ŵҪɳѰ޷ȥش
ǿչ·ϿܶԶԵŵе߸ո̡
嫵棬ʵǲ࣬ܶ඼һЩԪѸɺԵСС硣
ЩСȻԪŨȴûвкľһ졣
һԪľЩСҲͲˡ
ܶС߳ǿ߶ǿҵʹϣܹΪԼѰһܹȥǡ
̤ǿչ·ǿ֮·ǿߺ֪֮ܶ࣬û֤֮
ܹɾ׼۾ͷǳˡ
һпĵ·ǿ߷ʬ޾Ѫһ˵ĻԻ͡
һ·ϣҶȻûߣȴ˲ٵʬ塣
һ߾߱ʬǿ֮УΪǿչ·ҵ֤
ǺƦʿȸʳ˲ʬ塣
ȻЩʬʧѪҲ̣ȴ̺ӴܣʵĪĺô
ȻЩͣûʲô³ǱŷõԭǻûзŹ
Щʬ泾˷ѵʳʵ
£ҶҲֻһֻ۱һֹֻۣ
ϾûֽЩ˻ɱֻʬڵܶѣҲЩȥĹˡ
貵Ǻɢ͵ĹԣƬ治ٱڰ
˽ӽӦ壡
񣬲ӼǿϢص˵
廹壬ˮˮǸҲ磬ֱӳǡ
ʿȸ˵
һϣûٸǺƦУǱͷܣֻҶ
Ҷĵͣ£ǺƦСʹȸһЩղػ˻ȥ
ԺҾǵϴ˭Ҳд裡
˵⻰ʱ򣬿ȸŹ⸡˱Ϣ
ǺƦʱˣһֻۣҧӦ
û취ִ򲻹ҲӮֻԡ
ʱǱȸĥˣɫŹһƦ˱ᣬ˵ˡ
Ǻڿȸеϴ󣬸Ҷߣָʹ
ȻǵϢҶûпرܣΪûбҪ
̤ǿչ·˼ġ
Ҵʱ֪ľӡ
֪Ҳ˱ܵģⲻԸ
ܿ죬˫ƬõǺˡ
ʲô
Ȼ
Ҷ
ߵļ׷𾪣û뵽ȻôҶ
Ҷ
˫âɱ˲ŷ
ûҶҲħļϸ
ĿĴţħǿţ˵

쳤Цǿգʾʵ
Цϣ˵̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬽ҾһҶħϸ˵ɣô
Ҷԣһ֪̾ضǽϢ򲻿֪֮顣
ȻԽȴ᲻һ˿⡣
ȻὫϷ˼⣬Ϊʸ֮ģıȴΪ롣
ӵ£Գ֣Ľ
ţħǿţǰ̤նͷһںڵ˸Źâڽ͡
ԴˮˣҪħϸĻǻ׷𣿡ǿڽ͡
ǷʲôһȺС𣡡
ƦĿӵˣһԲϴֵļơ
ȸû˵ֻĿӵˣгŨŨĲм
ȻֻǴޣȴѪѹ塣
ΨüΪӵϸӦһǿѪ֮
Ѫ֮ϡ
ѪͳʵѪ֮ǳǿ
ţ֣øҰɣԣ
ӵһ׷߿ڣţӦֱӳ֣һ̴񷣬һҶüĴ̡
Ҳħ塭
Ҷü֣˫ָ£ֱӽסüǰһ紦ֹͣϲȴʼ޷д
꣡
Ҷֱָӽˣһԡ
崫Ϣħļϸƭǣڣ
ֵǿһХϡһγһڽ̥ſһƬ쾫˵һ죬̥ʧ
Уһ⣬һɽ֣Ҷնȥ
һȺСүǰҫˣ
ƦһͲסֱӳ֣ɳǺչ·ɡ
꣡
һɫƦֱӭɽѪȫڣһѹƵ
飡
ɽֱը飬䡣
Ʀһβֱǿ߳ȥ
ǵ
ҶδֹƦ֣ȴɱ֣ȻɺޣϾܹƽദġ
һ֣ҲһɲݺӵսΪ˴֣ѡ顣
ã
ƦӦһ˲ջԭʽǿ߳ȥ
飡
ǿߴ󾪣æʩչ似
Ȼھǰκ似ûõġ
ƦʩչԼѪѹɫգֱӽǿ߳ɳȥһƬѪ
һǿؿȥͷƦһ³˲١
ȭ
Ʀһֱӳӵ׷֮䣬һ˫ȭ·ɡ
飡
ʱƦܿйרһˣɫȭɾĽɳȥ

ӵˣԭǸûнƦΪȻѪ߹ǿ󣬵Ͼףʵս鲻㡣
Ȼ˿̿ƦȻȷףЩСӵԣʵȴԲС
ءճΨҶ𣬻ƽۣޱߣͨ£ء
ƽ˲֮󣬴˳սȦ貵Ǻ·ɣ
ն㣡
Ĵţħǿţվ˫һԳְ師һǺֱƽȥ
һͷСţѣҲҺΰүа壡
ƽͷһҡһԽɫԶ䣬С

죬ƽͳְ師ײһ𣬽һƬǡ
ţħǿţͻƽսһ𣬴Ǻ𶯡
Ҷʼһƽȫûнκ˷С
һӣ




1854 Ⱥս
衭
ţһѪ죬Ƭˣ֪жô͡
˿̵ţţͷϹţħֳѿ޸ëŨܣһǴִ̣һڹƽ
ءˡ
ƽСƦӴΪȻʱòһͷţ
ءүҲҪˣ
ƽһ𣬶СβצʼͷҲʼģ屬һŽ⡣

дƽХǺ
˿̣Сһ˶ߣצȻ˵ֽţҲ˵壬һ䲻
ͷȴ˸˸ʼֳݡ
໺𡭡
һɿֲϢɢȥڿɼݣȻǡͷ
գүģȻȫүˣʲôʱָܻյɣûƽ۵Ĺâٴξ桭
ƽǿŶģһ·ôʬ壬ԭΪܹȫˣû뵽ǲС
㹻ˣڵΣͷԵò
ţ𾪣һԺɲеĻƽѾǳˣھȻԻΣûˡ
ƽۣ棬ɵ
ƽһСƦһ㵥ֲţ幻˹ָ˵
㣡
ţṇ̃·ҪȼһһһԿƽȥ
ͬʱǿҲǱƹȥҪɱΪ˱
ʱ򣬰Լյɱûٿɱǿߡ
ͬΪһӣǸ첲գǸⲻˬ˻ὫնɱҲΪɱµֵͬܽñˡ
ʱҶǲħļϸѾҪˣֻҪܽɱħϸʺҲÿͷϡ
ǲΪԼ绤ġ
ͬҲûмֵġ
ʲôɣ
ĥĿΧļǿߣֻצӰգʺĴͷ
㣡һǿ߻źɫƬݺһȥ
ǳ԰ǵɱ¡
ȱŲֹһλ۵ɱȻǲȱȫģԸǻǴ´ࡣ
ƬǺ֮УһܹĥһƣǴɱҲ޷ӡС
ˣǵһʱɫ
һɲǡʮƣȫĥУܱ
ûɱҿ㻹ʲôֶΣǿ߼ţһƽɳȥԨ
ܹ׷ߵģûһӹţһе̳Ҳ⡣
໡
ǲҽһдŹɳȥԶͭƤǣ˲ء
Ȼһֱ·磬ټϻǿ߻Щˡ
ϴ
ʿȸȣҵϴСܱ۸ˣԹ𣿡
˵䣬ѾǿΧм䣬ͬʱ֣Լһʥɱ
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ǽ˴ʿȸϳõʥɢââ֮С
꣡
˼ʥͬʱڰǵʥ֮ϣֱӽˣŵð
ಣ
ǿ֮սս£չ׷ǲӰ˵ķ϶˳ȥ˱Χˡ
ȥɣҶȸ˵
ಣ
Ҷ䣬ʿȸ㻯һ˹ȥ˫ữɫ쵶ӲÿѪɳȥ
ղֻŰǳԱˡ
ȱǣļҵ׳˸׳죬ëû£ͲÿǳԱء
ȻԼռʥ飬ʱ۾ͺˡ
ʥȻڰǱϾͬ飬ֵܣھȻʱˡ
ԣҶһڣֱӳȥͰǲսƴλǿߡ
ƽʹţħǿţս쳣ңһſʯ飬Ϣ
Ǻʿȸ֣Ҳλǿߴú޻֮
ʿȸս̫ǿˣɫһ˿ɵֱӱˢɳȥ
Ҳ֮УϽһɫ磬ʹˮ
ž
ŤŤӣһ죬ɱ⣬һɱֱָҶ
˵һսʮţֻɱӣѪծѪ
ûҶħϸ£ⲢҪֻҪնɱ۶廹Ƕ壬ĪĹ
Ҷһ֮ѹһ̧ͷҶ֮ɥ
֮ˣӵǿĵϵѪ⣬Կ̤ǿ֮·Ϊǿǿļ֮һ
Ȼȴϳ룬ҶС
˵һҶ޴ʧƵǲòǩַԼԼ뷢չ
˼棬ۺ죡
䣬ӻһڹ˹Ǿɱûʲôϻ
䣡
һȭҵȭâһգʵ̫һ㣬ʮǰǣѣ
ʶ似ȭ£һȭܴһ̫
Ҷ̧֣һһѽһž޴ʯ㵽УֱȭͷСֲ̿Ļ֮ȥ
ʯ飬ը
ͬʱͬʱȥһɴϢм
үӣ
˵һײ˴ϢƦæԶȥ㹻Ŀռ䡣
衭
ţħţҲǻëէ𣬿ԶӶݣȼսܲ͵ġ
飡
ʿȸɫһٴһǿߣЮŰǿٵҶӵս
Сˣޱ˵
治򣡡Ҷϵ˵ħڼ鶼ӦͬԿħǡ
ʣħļϸҴ飬նڴˡӴһٴγ֡
ħϸĻ˭Ҳ˵أ
ۼ޷ˣҶҲֻ׿Լ˵̬ȫӭս
ǰ벽߾ս죬Խնɱʥǿ߾¡
ǿĶ֣ҶҲ̫⡣
䣡
ٽ֣ȵļǳˣǺһҵ𶯣һɻϢ˵ȼգųԡ
ǿͬʱӵҶ·磬ҶƴĻ˿ѱҶɱˡ
ȭţÿһлصȭâһſǳˡ
ͬʱսҲӽβţħţһǶѣ֪ȥˣѪ졣
п޸ƽĹӱõȱڣݡ
׷ӵῡҲǺʿȸ
ɫһ˿ɵֱӱɳȥԶѪ
ûʹˮϽ̺ſֲ٣䣬ľβŮ㷢ڣҹһ㡣

龰ӳŭˣ˫۳ѪһɾֲϢ


1855 ս
Ǻɱս
׷ӵʮһλᾫӢһƦϵ
ʣľŴʵǿţҲޱңƽȫѹƣú޻֮
ҲڿȸͰǵ±Ű
ɫһﲻˢս죬ټȱڻİǴ͵ϮᾫӢȫû˿м֮
һߣҶӵսҲ˰Ȼ
ŭХ似ǺһƬ
ȭܾ죬һȭر飬ȭâһſǳ飬Ǻӵľ𶯣Ƭ籩Ű
ҶŲ׷ǲһ⣬ݲȣ硣
ȻֻڣͬʱֵõĶ칦սѽȡ
ս£ӽʧȥġ

ХһѪȣɢžֲϢһħµˡ
֣Ҳ
˫Ѫڷɢ󣬳һӨı֣˳Ⱦҫֲɹ⡣
ʵĽ֮һΪֲ֮ҫڰɫɹ⡣
׹ҫݣڹյ˥ƽ⡣
ʾǿһؼǿչ·޵֣ղ콾ʬ֤ɻʡ
ˣ
ҶҲչԼ򣬰ַΧγһͼΣÿһַĶ˸⡣
ˢ
ڹַĿת˸жߡ
󣬲̥ܹṩʮѨе̬ӰܹͬṩԴԴ
ˣҶҲо˳ֽΰȻôƽġ
֮£ҿ㻹ֶܼáЦˡ
սһռϷ磬һܶһʥǿ߶Ҫˡ
άҲҪӴҲֲ˶á
ţȵȥĿ϶Ҷɡ
Ϊַӵֵ֮ܵġ
ˣ
Ҷѵ̥Ƶصȫɳһһ㣬ΧΧ
꣡
Ҷ˫âڹ⣬ıϣ䱾ʡ
ʥ
Ҷо̺ʥʥ紿֮ʥ֮⣬ˡ
һּƽĽҶ˿˼֮С
ߣˮ໥ݡ
˵Ǽ֮컯ֲޱߡ
Ȼʱ԰ֵ⣬ǳ֮ơ


̫
Ҷܵʥ뵽˵Ĺǻ۵Ľᾧ̫
һһ︺Ϊͣ
޼̫̫һһΪɣ
䣡
Ҷ˫ֻͬʱƵһһϣ籡һԲС
졢˴սһĻĻԺп
һ̣ڻֽͨȻ̫ͬʽĳֳ
һ̣ڿԼ
Ҷ˫ֻһһһɵ
֮ͬҪĵҶԻĹǻ۵Ľᾧ߶ڿǰ޹˵
顱
˫Ծ𣬷ɳ̫Բ´ϢʮһϢɣǺһ󰵵
䣡
ֱ飬⵽شѣڿѪ˳ȥ
ⲻܣ
ˣ׿ɱһе֣ȻȫӳҲԲӦҶƵ˵ġ
ûʲôܵġҶһƽ񾲶Į
˵һӦøл㣬֣һԼ
Ҷ仰ٴѪĿҶҪ⣬㿪Ҳ
㻹ʲôֶΣʹɣһžǣҶȻڡ
˿̣·һoΧԪطĻת֮š
ڰڲһһ㣬Ҷ˫۾Ҳ֮еһ֮еһ

üѿһһ񽣳貴Ŀ졣
˽һ𶯣д֮ںʮ
ҶССģӲӣ
սеƦ𾪣æҶ֪˿
飡
ڴʱ˷һţֱӻû壬һǧɺţǿ֮У˶̤գһӽƽײɳȥ
үģ͵ϮңүŰ㡣ƽߣ첲ӣֳӲӵĹţùȥ
Ҵ򣡡
ƽǵɳ𹿰һںţϣʱҵͷת
һߣǺͿȸսϵβᾫӢŰˡ
ҸףˡһֻצӰһ徫ӢһֻצæĲֺѹγٺö
۱ģǲУѹαǴʦĸ֣ǲڶûá
ȸûѹЩ˵ıһóҲЩм
˿̣ûһ꣬һһǿߣһֻҿĳء
ǿһ㣬ǿ֮УѾһϢˡ
һĻƤɱŨˣüСһ⣬ֱҶͷ­ȥ
ʥǵ۱һݻɣʵ廯˽״䱾Ϊʴ˳Ϊɱ˸񣬿ֲޱߡ
ʿһֽ֣ûܶ
дԣûܣΪ˶ˡ
ۣ
һ糤ݿֱ࣬Ӷ˰򣬴̴̫⣬ûҶأ͸һѪ⡣
ˣ
ɳת߳Ҷ¡
飡
Ҷ˫ֺʮס˴˽Ҫ顣
Ȼ貵ĵʵ壬һ̻һգֻ˷һ֣ϣѪܡ
ҪӴƽ󾪣æѣѾˡ
貵ĵһһɻȻҪҶһ𻯵
һµĴʣԽǿʿԽ£ΪһԣΪطһ֣š
̫СˡЦڷңչȭٴҶɱ
ر
ҶһȣȫתرӲתУɱȥ
ɱ˼̫ˣħڼ̱ǿĶ֡

һҽУҶʿһѪ


1856 ŰûƢ
漫𺳣
ӣԳ߸ϣ񻷣ߵﶼ˳ޡ
ȻڣȴңԼն壬
ӡ
׷ǾһС
Ǳͷ۸ҲˣϾһͷĻƽһͷʿȸޡ
Ȼֻе壬Ѫ׷ߣʵɲ⡣
ȻǼΪܹ޵е·ӾȻҲˣԽܡ
ʲô
ƽСƦֱһţԴϣԴˡ
ʱţңţͷһԼӲѲ֪鵽ȥˡ
Ҳ࣬ʿȸűһӻûڶͷϡ
ĿĳͲһһŵĲȸֺ
ը˷εǣͨѹαļһȻеıѹ˸ɾëûʣ¡
ֻסˣ
ǧĵľβŮڳ࣬øһ㡣
˿̣ɫڣһͷ㷢Ǳӹһġ
#%
аðݺݵ˵ǣˣ֮
֣ҫҲ
Ǻ֮УһͳԶŵĶ˼˵
ӵӼ䣬ٴγ֣ҫ֮⣬ٺһ˿˿ƵĻϢƳˡ
ǿܼ֮ʵֲ䣬ٲ
Ҷڵڻ֮ҲסؿڵǵˣҲлļ󣬿ֲĻ֮ӡ
𣬵ᣬҲ죡Ҷһȣȫתر˫ֳٴνˣָ͵ס

ӲҽһΪѪ֣࣬ɲǼԶǧɣٴӹ١
ȻҪķѱԴģӣҲϵġ
ֻΪֲͨʿһմȾؽû˿
ҺĽƽ֮Ҳɡ
˿̣ɫ࣬ҶǿԤϣȻƵչ
ϣ
𶯣񻪣ҶڱѣѪ˫һ𣬷һƵƲǿˡ
ˣҶС̫ˣ
ƽ̾ϢΪҶ⣬֮궼ữο
ҶҲʶ˲ʵ̫аˣȻܹŶһ𻯵
ҿ
Ҷȣ߶رͼб飬ֹ
䣡
Ѫȫˣ֮һӿƴ
Ȼ˽Ѱ˵ˣڽѪУΪһ֣ɷ롣
Ȼڼ
µط֮ϵӿҶ˫һģҪʧˣ궼챻ǣ˳
ǲħļϸڻ£ܹ⣬ڡ
ɫ࣬񶾣ȴûǰɱҶǺηоĺӡ
ԭΪһֻһ㣬׽Ҷɱû뵽ȴƵֵزоܵ衣
һӣȻеֱ췽ҹ̷㲻˼顣
ȷţ
Ҷ絶չԿر˵˫ְȥռѷ֮С
¡
Ѫڣ֮ϱԴת֮Ƴ⡣
ˣ˫Ҳʧȥ˹ʣһɱԴɢؼ䡣
µĻҶĴԴ֮żѵĽ˫ָֻǰһǻ֮Ԩ̫Σˡ
飡
Ҷһ⣬ɲǼӽӣչȭٴνˣҲס
ҳϣҵ͹˵㻹Ҫ
Ѫ޵ˣȻҶΣÿζܿٸԭҶķҪ졣
üٴѿһֱնҶ
ҶüоΣգʵֲ̫ӲӲ⣬ӷ򶼵ס
һ̣ĸеЩˡ
ˣ
һ磬գҫ֮⣬֮
ҶСӼͣеģ
ǽ֣צ鲻ԽֱӽµῡؿڲȵñȥһڴѪ
ܻܲȥͿˡҲǳţҶսĻҲкý
ءСҪͦסתսʮһ
Ȼʱ̣ƽȻһŵӡ
Ƕˣӵܵţħţ񶾵ĿŻƽ˵
ҸǣţͻŲھȿԿţ⣿
ƦֱһƬƽյţҽвѣëչˣȥ⻬
ʵˣѾͷǸ첻ߵļһھͿ
ˢ
Ҷһ⣬ٶȿ쵽£ͬʱϣܹЧ
ȻȴûʲôܹסֻпرܹӰ쵽һЩ
ÿÿ˹ؼʱ̣ҶȫתرӰʹԼӹ
ˣôҲãһУ춼նΪ飬һնЦ
Ҷȴһת˸ˮİ취
һ߶ϮɱһֱӳȥϣܹӵΪԼ
úã
˿壬˿Ĵһ߿һ߾ȭҶɱ
ȭͰԵȭ£ţҶסԼȭ;ԵסҪܿͱԼӲ
ɱ
ҶҲƴˣĿԲϷ˫ȭħȭȭ
䣡
ͬʱƵҶһٴνӵˡ
ˣ
Ҫ÷һӽٴʿ

ӴҽУܵ˴ˣĿһӼ˲١
Ҷ˫ַҫ۵âٴνС
һıرҲֻܶݵӰȴơ
ȴҶУ˻
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ҷٴȥÿһ޶̤
⣬ҪҶƿأȴ

ǰҶֽٴα飬ĸ£Ҳ˵ˡ
ң֪һжˣԼǿĽκβ˶֣Ѿ޼ƿʩ
Ҷ̫ǿˣѪ˫ĹŻӶѹƲס
˿̣üĵѪһȴҶˣܵ˼ش
ͬ飬ǹͬĵħӦ໥ӣɱ
Ҷûɱ֣ɫį˵ҷһ·Ϊ֮ɣ
˵꣬ҶſȸǺͻƽǺȥ
תۼʧ˺嫵Ǻ֮С


1857 ħų
ǿţڰ䣡
˿̣ӵ飬ҲͬǺڰ䣡
ԭĲΪײԼҶɡ
Ȼʵȴһͷȣ
չ˸ȴҶĴΣκβ˶Է
ȻѪ֮ǳǿ󣬿̵ʱԭǱϾûд۵ġ
û˿Բ
ÿһζһαԴҲֲ˼Ρ
ҶԶȥķɫ԰ס࣡
𾪡ŭ
ӣӵѪشˣǿչ·޵֣ܶ콾¡
Ȼȴе׻ܣޱȵı
ⲻ֪Ҷɱ˿Ѿһ߱ʬˣ
ţ˸ңѪ߰ߣȫʧˣǶܵļһͷԡ
βŮһڣͷȫǱըʽǧĵļˣ˿̳Ůҹ档
ᣬϵʯʥȣͬѹһա
ǿȸţ԰̰ԸЩӶʣ¡
Ϣһʱӵ˲ŻָԪ
Ϣ
ɫ˫˸Ĺâ૵˵Ҷģˡ
ӣҾӦý´ڣͬʱɢǿչ·ŹͬɱпܵĻһǿ֣߳Ǿ͸ˡβŮ߹ҧгݵ׼Ƶ
̫ǿˣһûѹ
ǰӣֻҪ˵ħļϸǿչ·׶֮ء
ţҲΧ׷׿ڣϡ
ǲİ
ɫֱ䣬ĽҶܣѪԼϵ·
ȻȴҲ֪ǲܵģƾʵսҶĶ֡
ҶŹǣȴû˸ж
˵һ¶⣬ͬ飬Ǹûзϡ
ǣΪԼӦ˵ĳ档
ûо֣Ȼ֪ڰĿֲ
Ҳˣһ֤ɹؽ棬ѹʮأﲻ϶ѡ
̬ǶҶĻ˿ûзϣһ뽫֮졣
ӣҪԥˣβŮߴٵ
ðɣô죡һ˿Ĺâͷͬˡ
ܿ죬ǱͨһЩҶѾǿչ·Ϣݳȥ֤ħļϸӵ֮似
Ϣһǿչ·ȻܶΣ׷Ҫǿչ·ִ߽Ҷҳ࣬Ҷħļϸɱ⡣
һŽͬʱ˵Ҷħļϸúܶ˶ˡ
ϾǴӴӦò˵ѡ
ǲǻΪ˽˶Թݺһˡ
ڲ˶ᶨΪҶħϸʱΣʵѾĽˣ
һŲɫĺɢŹȡ
ϵУ޴Ĳ½ڲɫĺ֮¡
䣡
һ죬̳һƬ½һɽͻȻըɢֲϢ
ಣ
ಣ
ಡ
һŵӰ̳гÿһޱǿ󣬻ɢŨҵϢ
ڳˣһҰ
ڵֱ֮ʧ
󣬾ŵӰͷͬʱһѪ⣬˲񷣬ѪԨһ㡣
ʱǺѾûκ𣬻ɢǿҵѪ
ﴴαѪħǿģѪȻܺѪһɰ飬֮Ѿ㹻ˡ
жѲǵѪǼٵġ
ܺã
ħ쿴еľŵӰޱĵǶܲ˵ѵʵҲ˳Ľ˰ɣ
ˢ
ŵӰŵâħǰ
ϣ϶͵۱ôˣ
òһͷѪĺ¶׹⣬ħѯʵ
ҲһǿۿҶǰͻȻһǿߺ͵۱ġ
ɰ̾һ񶼲Ҷ塣
˿ȴʲôҲû˵ֻǺһħ졣
ħɫһ䣬ĵѾѹһὫĥġ
û˵ǣΪѹϺ;ڣǳۼǿߣķ˺ܴǿѹȴѻȥ
Ͼɽɵģо۵ĵֻۣҪȫĥ𣬸ٲ
һսһƬ½Ϻ;ں֮󣬱˿ֲ
ˣ̸ˣ
ħɫɨ˾һۣʵʵþͬʱһݣֱͦӡ
αѪѾѧˣڿִǵĶɱƻˡ
ħƽĮ·˵һ޹ؽҪСһϢһ£ͨͨ͸ǿչ·ȥ
סǵǶɱţǵųɳʲô취ҲܣҪǽ
ħ˿飬ɢǿѹ
廹壬ֻҪǱģһɶɱʱɢŨϢɹ֮á
Ҫ壬⣬ѪǿܹǵʵܹǵαѪһ壬ܻɱȫɱܵĻ͸ϽߣԲǵݱ¶Ǳɣ𣿡
ˣͬĴ
ϣǵǿչ·֮ҪҪȽǸļϸīĮ˵
Ȼû˵˭ڳ֪˵ľҶ
䵽˿ռ֮УˣûҲں嫵ҵǿչ·̫Сˡ
ħһ˿ɱ⣬˵Ļصǿչ·Ļֱӻɱûлصǿչ·ûڻ
˵ħֺݺһӣն׵Ķնɱߣ޻ͷϣ𣿡
ף
ᣬǿһǲûǿ߽֣ûнǿ߷
ǿ岻Ǳǿ϶ѣ
ħ˫׹ȻҶܹôõںǿѰǿչ·ȴܲ
ҶѵģΪǻʧ׼ۼǿߣԵĻ޲ֽҶɷɻҡ
ڽҶʹº̵ķʽˡ
ԵħһˣȥҶȴ
ħȻһǿߵϾһ磬Լķ
δʮڣǶܸ浽ħһУֻܰ
Ƕȥ׼ɣһ磬Ｏϡħӻ֣ʾǿɢȥˡ
ˣ𣿡
ȥ֮ӵĳ̾һĲԸҶ塣


1858 Ʋ
Ǻ貣
ҶͰǡƦȸһ޾ǺдУһſǳԶԶ˦
Ǻ֮һ챮ָǵķ
ʲô
ǾһǰԶ
һƬ貵ĹâҫۣѹǳĹâ
Ǻɰ
Ʀ۾ʱ͵ԲˣһβֱƬݲеĹâȥ
ҵģ
һУչ׷ǲһצӰڻƽԴϣȳ嵽⾺
ৣ
âһʿȸԽ˰ǺƦɫһֱӽƬǺɰ
ϴҲ̫˰ɣвʵ˵
ûöзݣɲܳԶʳƦҲڣ˫˸̰Ĺâ
ʱŰҲѧļ߲
ҵʥңұָһЩ룡
ȸűǳȥıأ׷ָǣ
ҿ
Ҷڣ뿴Ǻɰʲô
ৣ
ȸǰâһֱӳһСƬ貶ĿɰɰӲ࣬ȴâ財
ǺɰÿһأúüĻϴóʥǿ߶סƦһˮһҶ͵
Ȼ󲿷ּ䶼ѾʧˣڸֱļȴһҲû
֮ǰݺǧ꣬ҲõһǺɰѣںеĴۼǿߴսʱٵˡ
ɣ
ҶûҪЩǺɰ˵κζ罫ĸǿ
ܹͽִ׼۱ʱ򣬻Ҫʲô
ȭͷõı
Ƭ嫵Ǻ֮УҲôһǺɰ
ò˵ǵܺã·Ѿв߹ˣȴûгǺɰ
챮ָʾһ·ǰС

ڼߣܵһôš
ಣ
Ǽĵһһǿߣǡ
Ȼ˼Ҷ֮󣬷·һֻˣٶһ˲˼£Ӷӡ
ţ
Ҷ΢΢ü
ٺ١
һֻĵڿˣǿչ·û˲֪ħϸˡ

Ҷ֮һڰǵĿ貿ֱӽŷɳȥ
Щ
Ʀص˵ЩĽ㵱ħļϸˡ
ʱһߣŮǳǿʢѪ¯һ㡣
Ȼǵıֺ֮ǰ˼һģһҶһѾˡ
Ҷһһ죬˵ʲôͿȸȻһħϸ
ǿչ·ϵԽԽˣҶڲ֮˼еߡ
վס
Ҷһȣչ׷ǲ˲䳬Խǣǰ
ʱ򣬰ǺƦȸҲӲͬΧм䡣
ҶҲҪԼݣسǿչ·ĹУĻԲ
ƴˣ
ԼѾΧɫ䣬ֱӼԼ׼˺һȱڳȥ
֣
һƴļƣҶüΪʲôң
ޣħϸѱ¶ʣ㲻޳𣿡
һѾ۷壬ĿҶг˾͵ӡ
ǰ𣿡
ߵ˵ħļϸǻ׷𣿡
޴࣡ȸĮ˵
ҪսսҪƭǡ
˵Ѿս׼
ħļϸǷϻ𣿡
ҶҡͷЩ˶ôˣƾʲôһҧħļϸ
ͻΧ
һȣһҶɱһǳɱȥ
Ѫ죬һɺң
䣡
Ҷһȭӳֱӽˣһųҵǿâһȼյ̫һ㣬âҫۡ
ͬʱǰ˼ػɳȥǧԶ˳ΧȦ֮󣬿Զݡ
һ
ˣûԹôĿأûȶ֣ȻֱӴ˳ȥ
ˣ
ֱӼϽٷŴһһ㣬ֱӽ˽ȥ
㲻Ҫ˸ֱɻˡƦĴչϽ
ĺˣڲ֮ҿƣƨûС൱裬ֱӽϽе²
˿̣ѾͷۻСˡ
˵ô£
ǴצӰǰһٻϵıȫˡ
ŽǰİǴԴͰɭɭļݣ߲ιȥͰ͵ĽԼ֪ȫˡ
ԭǿչ·ˣ˵Ҷħļϸǿչ·ѾȺɱߣ֮ʵǳǿ
쵰㿴ôɱ𣿡Ǹһצӣˮһͷһ
߲νǿڰȴܡ
Ҳɻ󣬰˵ħ֮ģҶħϸӦòô໰ͽɱˡ
ۿˣүצеĻߣүһῴħ壬ү׷
ƦҲչһĿˮ
߻Ǹմˮ̳һڵεδµſˮĻˡ
Ż
ȸȥˣһ״ͷŤһԣ۲Ĳ
ҶɱǵĻɱˣֵɢҥԣȸһĿڣࡣ
⼸УҶҲԼľȸ˵ˣԣȸҶЩʲô
ʱָҶˣӶг𣬳޻ʹһ˱÷ǿ϶ɢҥԣֳ֮Ҷ
ҶڵĴܲ뾡취֤Լףǿչ·粽Уؽ⵽ߵһΧɱ۵ǡ
ȸĲ˴˿̵ʽҶ䲻Ƴҥԣǰǡ
һǿҲܺǿչ·߿⣬һиųǵʥǿչ·ϵִߵȵȡ
Щһǿ߸ӿֲѾﵽ׼۵ľ磬ĳ֣Ҷ·
š
ҶͷҲˣڱƲ
ǣҪ֤Լ̸ף֮һãʵħϸݡ
ʵҪкǿչ·ʵξκ˵ݣ
ԣʱһ֮Ǳһʱ䡣
칦Դӵõ֮󣬻ûôóô˻úһͬʱ̬ķչܻˮʯһ죡




1859 ݺ
Ǻǳ
ȻҪƬ嫵ǺѰҵһʺϱչصȴס
ܶǳһƬţûУԪˡ
һ죬ҶڿݼŵǺУѰҿԱչصǳ
εʧ֮Ѱҵһıչ֮ء
һűǳƬȴûл泾ǱɢĲ
һŵ۵ǣ
Ҷܵ˵ĴϢ
ָодȻֻʣһǳƬȴһ׳ƴĸо
գǳ֮أҶֱѰһľ֮أٳʼչؿޡ
ǺͻƽСҲչˣֻпȸòűչأΪǻͬʱעǿչ·ϵĶ̬
Ҷչصͬʱǿչ·ĳһڵϣѿһͷѪ˴г
ǿչ·ô
Įܴǿչ·ʧˡ
˭Ҳ֪һ̣Ѿħļϸʽǿչ·
ͬһʱ䣬طҲͬĺȾ˳ɹǱǿչ·
ɱ¾ʢ缴ʼˡ
ǿչ·ԹȷѪ̤꣬·ߣ˴֮䶼Ǿߡ
̤ǿչ·Ѿ˺ԶֵѪԼϵϡ
УƹİԲ˱Ϊϣ֤ǿǿߡ
߾ۼһǿߣХǿչ·Ĵˡ
֮ǿչ·𶯡
߱˲̵ɱ·ϣѪ̣ʬ䣡
ǿչ·ÿʱÿ̶ڷ˵̫ĺ䶯
ȻȴŨҵ֮ʣħϸΪ
ҶĹȻħϸ
ʬһ·ִ𾪣һʬϷһʺġҶ֣
ǳƣϣ
ִߣֻҪܽҶħϸնɱؽ
ִɫķִǿչ·ˡ
ʱãǿչ·ٴجģмĪıɱˣʬͬŨҵ֮
ٷȥˣǲһǿߣǿɱؽΪ󻼣
һЩʶ֮ʿǣ֪ħ廹֮ģԽ࣬ǵԽ
ǿչ·ϣɱ¾¼֮ʺ
ȥ˳ɴ󻼡
Ӳ
Ϊ壬Ϊ飬Ҫɱ
һղΣǿչ·գ
ܶ߶ǿҪһǿж콫Ҷã߻ɱǿչ·һ
ǲǶҶгɼǳڶȫĿǡ
ǿչ·ķзʱ򣬼ʼٸȴңڵĻ켣Ⱥ֮С
ĺī졢Ⱥ֣ɱߣα֤ݣ߼޻Ҷ
Ѿ֪ҶȻûʧڿռ֮Уصǿչ·ֱ˼顣
ҲûʲôÿԽһ㣬ȫ޻Ҷϡ
ţȥǲ֣ҶҲؽܵߵһż
ɱֳ֮ҶǾ͸ˡ
֪Ƶ֣һݱ¶Լɣ̸ʲô޻Ҷˡ
ԣּ֮ˣ켣Ⱥ֮У̽Ϣ
ʱ䣬ҶֵĵھŶǿչ·ϣĳܶĲҪҶѰ¡
ȻҶȴ˼һǿչ·ʧˡ
ΪҪⲻ
ʮųУ޶
ҶħļϸҲĵı¶Լݡ
пܵǣҶԼ䲻ĳ֣ɱš
ҼҶϵҲӦЩ˲ŶԣΪǲҶ̫ķ׵֡
ҪǣѾɱ˺պΪǿչ·޵ļǿ֮һ
ҶħļϸȻȥɱЩ޾ͨߣӦп֤ˡ
ڣˣһԵ֤ݣⲻǸԼ鷳
صھŹųȥΪҪ
ºɢŵʥƽ˵
ȰòҪȥڷ˼ϣħϸĻ׶༪١˻ʵü
޷Ѿ߾ʥˣҪɱҲףҼ޷սʤԱûġº˵
ɣʵҲ֪Ҷֵܾǲħļϸ
Ȱ˵ºͬһʱһƬ̫ŵͻˣ֤λΪ߾ʥߡ
ЩǾ˲пս
Ǻͽʥϵļ콾֮սǲңħα顣
ǵջҲǾ޴ģ֮ǻǵʵʵķԾ
һᾡϻģ߾Ͱдˣ
ºȭݣʧ
ںͽʥǵļǿ߶ţ⼸ʥǵǿ߷ǳǿ󣬲ڵӡ
ºϻصھŹųǵͬʱ׷ɳһЩһǿߣǿչ·ִߣҪҶù鰸
ȻˣԱ£ɱϱ
Ϊǿչ·İΣΪ࣬ΪİȫȫԲֶΡ
ȻҲˣһЩ洫ص֮󣬺ܶ˶ˡ
ȣ˶ҶħļϸϾǴһ߳ġ
ҪǣӵоѪħϸˡ
Ȼ
ЩѪܵĻ洫֮Щ˶ĬȻˡ
ʵʤ۱磡
ҶħϸĻôܻ˲ɱߣǲдĿֲϢüٵġ
Բܣ
˫ֲĹâһߵϺɢſֲĲ
Ҷħļϸ
Ҷ׵Ѫôħļϸжı˾£ɳ
Ҫǿչ·һˡ
־˵
κ˶ҶȻҶûлع壬Ѫȴ޷ıġ
ԺԺϲ;۱ȴûиԤȻҲҶħļϸȴֱӸԤ
Ȼûг֣ȴйע̬ķչ
ܶʱӢۻᱻԩӢǲŻ֪Ӣڡ
ǸʱһжѾˡ
Ҷ
Ȼᣡ
˿̣ںǺеһǳƬϱչؿޡ
ûе칦Ǻ;໥ӡ֤
صĵطǵǵ칦ѵѡ
ҪԼ
ҶãѾԴʵ½ֻԴһҲС
޳޳һ䡭
زʣΪۻʥ˲ʣΪۻ
һһ︺
һ̣Ҷڣضо칦;ʼݴԼ




1860 ݴ
棬һѨһſǳɢ貵Ĺâ
Ҷڶ֮УʮѨе̥Ӱׯϣϵо
˷츲صı仯תݣͬȴμγһѭ
֮֮ΪѭܶʼͣϢ
Ҷһ˿򣬶֮ĸ͸ˡ
һһΪ໥ѭҶ˸ŸֹâһѪһ
ۣ
ͻȻҶɫһ䣬һѪȻ˴ˡ
Ҷô
ȸһӦڶѯʡ
ûнȥΪ֪ҶҪԼȻңܱκζţпܹһ
û¡
Ҷƽ֪Լ̫Եˣ˵Լ
̫ƣҪһ޸ġ
ҲܹһͣǾ;ǶˣκһǾǧճ͡
٣Ҳģʱ仹أʮݴԼ˵ǰ޹˺ߣǷëǵĴڡ
˵ĶԣκˣҪ߳ԼĵԼķ
һζĻȻջΪ׼۷壬ȴ֤
ûκһλǰ˵·ǶģǶᴴʺԼ
ѭ
ҶݴԼţڣǰ޹˵
Ҳ֪˶ãεʧܣҶڽĵһش
ȻûжҲûĴȴѾǳˡ
ޱȣ˿ûпµľ磬ʥ̥ʼ
Ȼȴʥ̥һ̣޳ת̫
ֻܹһ˵Ļ޷޳ɣ˵Ƕһ޶ġ
ƶ
ʥֻ̥޼˵һΰĴ٣߸κһ
ֻڻΪҪԼ̥ӦΣ
һƪʶϿ˸貵ǳһ㣡
䣡
һȻƴɢʱڶŵʯͷ촷ۡ
ৣ
һɽгƬƵǳƬϿգƾ졣
Ҫͻô
ȸ𾪣æǺƦѣ׼ӭٵĵ
#%Ҫͻˣ
Ҷɫ䣬æкƦͿȸԶݡ
֪ҶжôĿֲһȥ¾ͨҲѵֿ
ҶҲоԼľѹסˣݴһȻľһμʵҲͻƵ۷塣
ʵϣʵܹͻˣֻľûиϣԲʼûͻơ
βݴľõһʵȻȻҲˮǴߣͻƵ۷塣
ȣ
޷ѹˣҶһȣȫͷԼһȭȥҵȭâ˲񷡣
䣡
һ˲䣬췣񱩵޷ŵĵز̫ˣǺ׹䣬˵û
ҶֱʧˣǺ̵Ƭ򶼱ˣǹ⣬
Ľٷ̫̫Сٽ֯һ壬ɲ׽١
ڿֲĹâУʼǳը飬ɴĿĹ⣬ȴֻǼ˻̫Ĳ
Ҷ뵽ٻңȴû뵽ôǿļ嶼һѪۣǽ졣
ѹǷ췣ÿһѪ⣬νҪ˹ͷ飬̫ˡ
Сӣ߯Ƕˣ
䣬Ҷ̫ˣȻһʱߣԾûҶٷΧùǺ
⡭⻹𣿡
ƽĿɿڴչļ٣һȥ
ӣӣӡ
ƦҲùڡ
ƫƫֻֿܵӲؽԼ١
ΪޣҲǳֲȻ޷ҶȣҲǴ˿̵ܿġ
󣡡
ѣֻų̈󣬶췣챻ˡ
ȸһʱУ˿Ưëڣ

ȸǱӣ̲סֻЦ
ȸһۣһ𣬱ë˲䣬ʵë˲
ءʹˣ
үģˡ
ˣүұˣ
ƽζˣƬѪ졣
ҲûܳҶٷΧͷתоȻһͷ˰ǲµУһ١
εȻңʱ䲢ϾǳʥĴ١
ܿ죬ʧˣлָƽ
Ҷǿ֮УԣɣƮݳ
ף
Ҷ·ǳƬȻûлȻܶطȫޣ˽Ͼûлȥ
ৣ
ǳƬϣͽƬõһĵϣһصȻϿգһ㣬˸Źâ
̫̫̫ǿˣƽͰͣ۵ɵԲ
壬ȻƺСʵȴǱޣȸ̾
߰ɣǿ·ˡ
Ҷһ뿪ǳƬѭʱ·ܿع鵽ǿչ·ϣǰС
챮ָʾ߰˸ڵ͵ھųˣҶھųǳڴ
Ϊ֮»зǷĻ
̨ͨǺŵĹǣҲߣЩҪ֣ȴƽͿȸǴˡ
һգǽٵ˵߿ŵĹϡ
ʱֵƻ裬̫ڵƽһĨɫϼҫǷ·һۡ
ÿһŹ϶һ̨ԺգȴҪѰҵС
Ź֮Ҷһչǵأϯǡ
ڴʱҶӦͬһǿ糱ˮӿɵһ㶡
Ϊһʶĸо
Ҷ𣿡
ҶԥʱһϤԶչݺһ㣬öת
һʥŮԶ貨һ㣬ƮȻɡ
ۣŮ񰡣ܵô˼ˣˡ
ƽ۷Ź⣬һСƦ
Ůͮͮ
ǳԾ
ƦȸͬŮͮͮԲİֻû뵽ѡ
ʶλμˣϽҽܽܡƽ˵
ʡʡɣҶСӵġǰƦһۣ֤ʵҶСݵġ
ͮͮôˣҶѯʣͮͮǳ⡣
ѾΪĹˣܲ𣿡
ͮͮͣҶɫǳӡ
Ҷĸ飬ҶȴûнݴŨҵİٴҶζӳ¡
ȿȡ
ҶЦγ֪ԼڵĴڶɽ֮󣬿ȸ㽫Щǿչ·Ϸ˵ˣûѡ
ֻ֪һ£㵽ǲħļϸ
ͮͮ˫ˮƽʵ




1861 ·
ݼŵĹû˿Ϣ
һɽ⣬ҶͮͮǡȸƦΧһ
Ʀ»ƽϿһ⸬
ͷùڵ⸬ǳۣɢ˿˿
Իһ̳һ̳ƣ˱ǣҹɫƮȥԶǴڳ⣬Ⱦơ
ŮͮͮʣҶֻ˵Լħ壬κν͡
㣡
Ҷ̹ȻĿ⣬Ůͮͮѡš
ǲƻҶеͮͮʲôҲûʡ
ڵƶǳ
ͮͮһ׻Ƶƣɫһ죬ɢʥ
Ҷչصʱ䣬˻ɱһЩţҪ
Щìͷָǿչ·ϵ߼Ϊħļϸɱŵġ
ڸѾɳǿߣҪãֱӻУԾ󻼡
ڵô
Ҷ˫硣
˭ͮͮʵ
ڻȷʮа˾ǣ
Ҷ۾ͮͮĽ֮ʶĺǵˣѾǿչ·
ⲢѲ£ܹӵ似ģ֮²ˡ
ǲɱߣϢ޷Ǿ޻赶ɱˡ
öļƲߣ
Ըǿչ·Ͷɣ
Ҷݣ׵飬ǿչ·ħһһɱ֤Լס
һɣڣ˾ҲĿŵĶֵġ
ͮͮ˵һϿڴ
ˣ
ҶҡͷܾԼ£ҪԸңҲûôףԴеˡ
ǺðɣԼҪСһ㡣
ͮͮ̾˿ĺҶߣŮݿԳΪҶһΪȥܶ鷳
Ҳ֪ҶҪߵϵ·ηսһжҪԼ⡣
ٷԵķǳˣڵ⸬ǳȵľ
ζƣûƽеЩʵе̫ݳˡ
Ա֮ͮͮҶ飬ͰǡȸƦʱֿ̫ˡ
ǼֱҶݵֻҪǳ֣ҶȻڸԣΪİȫ룬ʱֿĺá
Ҳԣ
ҶͷĽ飬±¶ԼݣһжһЩ
ѰܹıԼòʣӵ۵˶ء
ϰǵĻݣֻҪǣǱܹµݡ
ϰףһ·ҪСģмǲɷâ̫¶ˡ
ҶǶ˵ʮųǼϣնħľ֮󣬱ᴫϢ
ԼҲעⰲȫĿȸͷҶ˵
һģ
ҶЦӦͮͮ·Ժߡ
Сӣʮųټ
ǺţҶӶצӡ
ʮųټ
Ҷ֡
ע£ͮͮŰǺͻƽȸ˼̨նȥ
֮ѡʮųǣΪֺܲѰҲȷܽǱĺ˻ɱԼһЩʱ䡣
֮ʮʮоţȥһΪ㣡
ʮ̫Ѱˡ
ҶţʮųǱȻžܣ͵ھųһдԵ
ž
ҶһΣž죬ܿһӡ
˿̣Ŀ࣬ȧǸʣϺɫţ˫ǳ䲻
һ·֮ȫһӣϼ̨ɶȥ
ڵڰ˸·ڵ㣬Ҷ˰µĶؼǺţһצӡָҵ̨
ھŹųǺبǿ֮УΡߴư磬ǽ
ųؾ޾ǻٲһ㣬۹ػۣɢʥĹâ
۹ؿ˽ʵǿߡ
ҶεӰֻųǣЩ졣
ǿչ·Σأиǿǿɱߣ֮Ҳżҵľ
һ㲻Ը°ʵǿģ£һЩ׷ߣֱӽС
ҶֶǻǺټģЩ˶ûС
ҵ·ģżǿʵԺɨһ򣬼ǿչ·Ҳе֡
ǵľĿУҶ߽˹ųУɢǿơ
ھŹųǽֵ־۴αȣֵ˺ܶ࣬Щڴ˵ߣеǱǵ
͵һһҲʧܵߵĺᣬջصԼĹǣѡﶨǵĺᡣ
ǽϣһӶӾʿɢѪϢս꣬ì˸
ǵУ˸ĮĹâ
ǶǴʬɽѪɱģ־ǳᶨ
Ȼȴʧߣǵ·еʧߣܽһѾǳˡ
ʧ֮Ǳѡ۹عųǣӭһߡ
ֵĴϣΧȵѪҶֻĸо
ӣƤڶ࣬ɿڣƷ
ӵϰ忴Ҷߺš
ǻζƷζһŲݰӣżƱǺ«СҶǰơ
壬ƽܱƽһɣ
һʮһ꣬ڵСҶǰС˵
ҶͷȥӿŨҵ飬Ĵа
ֻҪԶϣ֮
Сâ񿴵зëŵء
ৣ
ҶһöӵĻѾС
ͬһʱ䣬һĻƽС
Ҷȥúöְɣ
ڽСеʱһº͵Ĵ֮ͬʱڣϵļͰȫκˡ
СľŵؿڻƳγεĽӣһŻХһͷȺߵӰ١
ھųȻʿĽ׶ʯȴͨ˵ӲͨǶӣСܸһЩɡ
ʥˣҲһ㣬ųҲв٣ȫĹ
ڰϰк£Ҷ߽Уѡһɾһӡ
ζ⣬ͨѡ
ϰͣͷǳϡ٣Ϊޣֲȥɱֻ޴պˡ
Թ֮ҶˣŽֵǰУѰ֮
ųпջ٣ҶܿһңһȭͷļƷʯ֮סȥ
΢ϢƬ̣Ҷ¥۱ݵȥ
ղڳ԰ӵʱе֪۱Ѿǿչ·ˣÿųжǵķֲ
Ҫȥ۱˽ȫµϢȻƶһƻ




1862 ټ
۱ݵ㽨ӵţ̻Իͣƻֺ롣
۱൱ǿչ·۹عųУһв˵Ϣ߹һЩ챦
۱ſϢٶǿʿ̤ǿչ·ߣҲбǵľ
Ҷ߽۱ĴܿһȵŮʿӭ
ãʲôܰ𣿡
Ůʿ˵
ѯһЩϢ
˵ţҶĹóŮʿǰһ±ˡ
ৣ
Ůʿɫһ䣬Ѹٻָƽ˵
Ҷ¥ϵһӵķУŮʿѹԺ븺
á
ҶͷһŵϣΧĻ
ǳ򵥣һΣһܴļǽǷԣɢŰȻ
ʱſһٰ룬ͷ΢ͺ˽
ͣѯʲôϢ
һӣҶ΢Ц˵
֪űɱȫϢԽԽáҶɫ˵
ԣҪ鿴һĹ𣿡˵
ৣ
Ҷһ̧֣һŽӲӵĹתŷȥƽȵǰϡ
߲ûȥã۽ǵɨһۣɫһֲһ֣еϢ
һУŶݵ˵Ҷɣ
Ҷһ㶣ɫٿرһɱ˲
ڶĸıʺͱԴֻǸıòСôģ
Ȼ۱ĹϵһܺãǷǳʱڣòСĽ
Ȼɱ䣬Ĩһּ仹ܹġ
ôҵģҶ˵
š
һæ˵ŹǾ۱ʥŮģӡǣͨŹŲµݵġ
ͨߵĽҶףѾʥŮо۱ӣΪṩϢҪʱԲս
ǿչ·ųеľ۱ֲڵȴĵ
飬лл㣡
ҶĬĬ˵ҶΪж
󣬾۱ĸˣҲߣɱǼŵϸȫ֪Ҷ
ҲǾ۱ͨ죬ܹ޶ȵĵ֪ЩɱߵžϢ
ЩԲͬЩԽɺԵС磬ΪѰһ룬̤ǿչ·
ȴǿչ·еϣ붼Ӱ
Ӿ۱֮Ҷھ۹صĹųǱе鼸ħǿߡ
ӵֻҪ֣±˷֡
ǼħǿȴܹıԼòȴӲ˫ۡ
һתۣ¹ȥˣÿ춼̤ǿչ·ߵȥ
Ҷеֵǣھųǵĳû¶棬Ҳûʲô飬ƺȫһƬɵĹųǣԳһ
ҶȴԿ϶ֻǱ󣬵ھųǱȻ֪顣
ѯ˾۱֮ŵ֪ھųǺų֮ǣȷ롣
Ȼ
ڵھųǸȴһƽʱ֮Уֻض²ܽ롣
Ƭд˵˲õĻһõʵпܵõصϿɡ
µĲиŬҶһˡħĴǿī졣
¹ص͵ע⵽ҶȴΡ
Ǳˣ㿴αװҲ޷ħ壬ΪʢѪ
Ҷ̾αѪȻж֮ȻܹԼ档
ȻҶˣؾͲôˡ
ҶӵıĲڵòԴϢıˣֲˡ
µĳţīЩ಻סįˣÿʿһʢѪⲻ
һ죬׼뿪ھŹųǣǰУʮȥ
ûȳǣ㱻ī춢ˡ
λ̨ǲǰУȥѯʵ
ԭΪĻԵû뵽£ʲôҲûСһЩͷ˵
ãҲǰУɣħϸҶī˵
ܶ༸ͬУȻǺõġһ˵
Ҳڰɱ˲գ۵ħϸҶ´ϲȻͬͬС
ǵĶԻȫһԲڵҶȥɫĽˣӰһԭʧˡ
ϰֲ֣ʣ⣬öˡ
īŴͻȻһֵģӲˣװ˷ҵʱ䣡
ѰȥֻһĿ׳һһŴ
λ̨Ҫ·
һӭ׳ʵ
Ȼˣ꣬ʲôԵҲûʲô
׳Ҷ֪īͬ·ȻûģΪ˱ˣҲΪ֤Լնɱī죬ֻܻʱɵСŶȥ
ҲҪ·ģǽаɣҲ÷ħϸ˳Ͽҵ
⡭ðɣ
Ҷװһ£ˬĴӦˡ
ī첻źۼüƾʵʰ˸һǶһҶЩԥ
ܿͻָƽһĴչҶġ
Ѿ˶ƣ˰·ϵʱֱͻϮҶɱ֮˾ͺðˡ
Ҷ۷ѣûͻƵ߾֮ԣԼ͵Ϯضһɱ
ҶҲɫĺȴһֱڷ
īȻǵļǿˣڵλϲ죬Բ׶Ըġ
ʱԼڽҲûţǿֻս֪
ܿ죬Ǳ˳ǣź嫵ǿзȥգʧˡ
һ·ϣī춼ҶԣƺǳͶԵһӡ
ʱѾ뿪ھŹųǺԶˣΧһƬš
꣡
ڴʱīͻʩɱ֣һĹâҶĺϮȥ
͵أ
ҶȻͷſڽĹâ˸Уһȭҵȭâīɳȥ
߸û׷ʲô£Ϳ̸ͻȻ֡
㾿˭
ī𾪵ʵ
Ϊһɱ͵ϮȻû֣ܵҶȻ̵ܹ治ɫϡ
˵أҶһƹȥκηĻᡣ
ˣ
īɫ̵˵˭Ƕ
˵ţ˫˲ɫϳһħơ
âͬʱ˫ۺüļߺҶϡ
֮
Ҷһͷֳһʽӵޣ˿˿Ƶ֮˲䱻ˡ
ùˣǴδ˹Ĺʽڿټš

˾Уƴתǹ֮




1863 Ʋ
֮ޣ
ҶͷǸ۵ޣī쾪һ
ؿһۣǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ҷֵܣ
ʧֵȡ
Ҷ߶ޣͷ£֮㱻ˡ
ͨ
˲Լ̱ͬǿ֮Уɫ԰ֽ
ǰңҶ֮ο׶༪ˡ
ô΢ϢƬ̣ǱԻԵīŭĿӡ
лҷ־֮
Ҷ񣬱ʾл
ǲлңΪ֤ˣʵҾǿеҶֻǣҲħļϸǣҶƽ˵
ʲôҶ
˴󾪣Լͬһ䱸ӡ
ҪɱǵĻղžͲˡ
ֱ֣ҶֻܱԿЦҪŤת˶⣬Ҫߵ·ܳ
һʼ
ڿʼ
Ҷīʮ˸ӣīɫѪѹ
˿̣ûαѪŨϢħıʡ
ôҵģУΪħ֮ޣīʵ
㿴˭
Ҷתָ˱ĿĿ
ҶģȻ㣡
īУϧϣû취ֿ
һصھŹųǣʵɣ
Ҷ׼ѺһھųǣϴˢԩԼһס
û뵽㾹Ȼħļϸ
ǻô㣡
ҧгݣǺ²ѣҶĻ´˿Ѿ߱ʬˡ
Ҫ֤ԼףīЦûõģҲȥʵһжͽ͵ģ޷֤Լס
£īͻȻԱǿҵϯԲǧֱӽҶɳȥ
ùˣԭѾʧ˴˿īԱģֱӽը÷飬
Ҷܵ˼𶯣Ѫһңʱ޷κж
һӽħʦ۷徳ħǿԱǷǳġ
Ҳһʱû뵽ī쾹Ȼ˾ңԸԱҲгʵĻᡣ
ò˵īɹˣΨһ֤ҲԱ֮£Ҷ޶֤
ˣ
ãҶһ̾ھųȥ
ԭΪܹ֤Լףϧȴһʱ¹һ
֮£ֻٴθıòΪ˱ע⣬Լһͨͨˡ
صھŹų֮Ҷ̸ϵ۱ķֲĺǱǿչ·֪ͨǣǽϢɢȥ
۱ЧʻǺܸߵģҶȥ󲻵һʱھŹųǱ㵽žħǿǱǿչ·Ϣ
ϢһھŹųǷˣǶۡ
ͬʱ۱ִһϢħǿߣαװߣרŻɱ·ϵߣȻ߸ҶϣԼֳǵĴ󻼡
ڲǰһħǿߣڳ͵Ϯߵʱ򣬱ҶֲֹǾѵսɱ
˵Ϣһһǿչ·쫷һȻ󲨡
Ϣ𣿡
š
ħоǿǱߵĻǿɾΣˡ
ô˵֮ǰԩҶˡ
ɴӴݻĻϿȷӵ֮似νͣ
ǻȻ۷׷ףҶԩģҲΪǾ۱ΪҶѡ
һʱ䣬ϣǹ۵㲻һִ
ĸоǲģҶıħϸɣ
ʱ˷ĸо˵£ΪҶħļϸ۱ҶһΪѣڸħϸɱŵʵ
Щ˵ϣΪҶںڶɱţӶС
Щ֮ͣ׷ͬЩʥҶеʥغϴڵĴҲϿ
УûʲôνĶҪҶڳϣź˳Ľɱ
˵ĿƲ£أΪ۱ڿΪҶơ
ȻҲһ˴ɣϾƺûнҶ⴫Ϣӡ
ûʶħֶ֮ǰǸûнħǿ߷
ҶնɱǱߣУҶвԶԶħ塣
Ҷ׵ģħļϸ
ҶΪЩ˸еʱһµͻȻڵھų
˵һ˾ǿߣԣһһ㣬ǧ
Ҷһ㶣ԶԶأͿˣȻ»ºȻǰ˻
ºΪϣ֤֮һӵ»ʴ۵Ѫ츳ˣѾ֤λͻƵ߾ǿ֮һ
̬ȴ־Բݺӡ
һʱ䣬в˲˶ҡΪ»ӲԵ޹ʵѡҶ
Ȼ֪Ҷ֮źĽ飬ΪӣڴǴǰӦò˽
֣лл㣡
ҶĬĬ˵
ºȻˣʱڲ뿪мĻᣬҶڵȴᡣ
ȻºڷԼ֮󣬱˸ջסţҶųǵĻ϶ġ
ҹǻˮȻûųвڰ
ҶϢºסȥ
ʵЩĴħ޶ǣ̩Ȼսʽأȴǿ
ºסһԺľмɽˮľ֮
Ҷҹɫ֮УȻºסСԺУɢϢ
ʲôˣ
ӰһºѾǰͷʹڣ󲻿ԡ
ң
ҶתһžУָ˱ò
Ҷ֣Ȼˡ
ºԾĿҶٲһ֡
˵˵ɣô£Щ㶼Щʲô
º̬ãܿƽ߽䣬ʵ
һѾ
Ҷ̾˿ԼħһЩ˵˳˵ϵİ²ӳ죬Ϻ;ʧ˲ؽ硣
û뵽龹Ȼġ
ҶĽºп⾭ֱ̫ˡ
Ҷ֣ľǳȻо۱İЩҲˣһǿߺǿչ·ϵִ߶ˣһУ±ɡºü˵
֪ԣҲܱ¶ˣħЩҶʶһҪһҳΪ壬ΪǡҶ˵
ôԩ㣬ȴҪΪǵİȫƴ̫ƽˣºп˵
Ϊ壬Ϊ飬ܵίʲô
ҶѵһЦĵǣǲᣬˣЩħͽˡ
Ҷĺ˵òֱºԺ
ǻıԼò֮£ӦܹҶ˵
ʲô˼
ºŭΪһԼֵģһ취Ϊϴɵġ
䣡
ڴʱͻȻһ죡
Ȼ䣬пȥ




1864 콵Ե
ĹųϿգһϵļ̳滨ư߲͸µĲɣ
߰ʱڵ˼ϣʱ򡣡
ϵ羪һ㴫ھŹųǵÿһ䡣
һӰգųϿյļ̳ۡ
˵еˣҲȥɣº˫۷Ź⣬˷ܵ˵
֮ǰھھŹųǵʱ򣬲ûһԵ
û뵽ҶȴǧѷĻԵеˡ
š
ҶͷתıԼòºһ˼̳
̳ܴ㹻ǧ˶ӵ
ھŹųвȴĿ˿ȫ̳
ʱȫ˼̳ĬĬصȴš
СһǣǵȵĿ
һͷ񻢳֣һӣսף䡣
ʮλʿйӣսսìȣɱӯҰ
ǵھųǳ
ҽܣ˵ĿźܴżȻԣֱҲû֣ԣǶ˵ģϣ˻ʼհǡ
ɨһۼ̳ϳȵˣĵͷ˵еĻԵܶ࣬ϣǶܹջûջĻǾûҪ·ˣʹֹ
˵꣬˫ֻһ⣬ڼ̳֮ϡ
ˣ
̳ʼ⣬𶯳ˮĲƣһ˸йһ˽εŻͨδ֪Ŀռ䡣
·
һ֣ʮ㣬һŻ֮Уٶʿʮʿ
ŻаããһƬܵ˼谭֮еĸо
֪˶ã˻һ𣬳ŻһƬصĿռС
ΧԾããǼӲʯ壬ǰ˰˵Ż
ľˮ硢ס⣬ַ˸ÿһַĶһŻ
Ҷ𾪣ϣİǺƣȴȰ粻֪˶ٱ
ǵ֤·ʹ˽ҿĻܷһŵĴۣպĿԴ˵
£ɳ񻢻ɢǿҵս⣬һ˫ĿĹ⣬Ű˵Ż·Ӧʲô
໺𡭡
һ޴͸˵Ż˳ޱߣƵζȻһͷޡ
˱ɫп߾ʥޣ˸Ԫطǰ򵥣вܻΪ޵Ѫʳ
˵ŻתĵϢ
Ϊ˽⣬Ϊ˸򣬶ӦԪءǼĽأôǾŸ򣬰ϵھŹųǣΪ֮
⣬˸֮صϣѴƣһѡһ򣬽֮ͺѿˡ
ȻҲǾԵģֻҪսﵽһ̶ȣܹϵģǿһɽѹ
ͷһ𣬰ɽѹɲģд˿¶ܲˡ
ҲζţʵǿҲѿսϾŰɽһͬǿߣͳ˱
룬Ľһǵд˵ﶼأľãͲҪҴ
ˣڴҿѡӦԼԵˡ
ɨһۣһºûջ񶼱ҪرգǾֻܵȵ´οʱܳˡ
ಣ
Ļ䣬Ѿ˰಻סĳһŻգʧ
ֻһµʱ䣬ûԸ˷ѡ
ܿ죬˶ѡһӦԼԵ򣬳ȥԪصıʺͷԼĵ
ºҲѡһԼϵŻӰһ
ʣµԽԽ٣Ҷԥš
ҪԪصķ򣬶ܿԪط
˼Ҷѡ˽ԪطĵŻ˽ȥ
ⲢäĿѡ񣬴˿ľ֮ˣԪطѾ˼ĳ̶ȡ
Ԫطѳ򣬼㲻Ҳ޷ǽԪȴǺټģý˻ὫԪصıʺͷ͸
ŨĽԪϢ
ҶոճܵһɾĽԪϢɱ
һƬɽľٶ˸ŽĹ󣬼Ӳ
ϣ
һ紵ľʯ죬ʯײ
ҶоڽԪطڻ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
ȥ򣬱ܹ򵽽ԪصһЩͱʡ
ʺϸԪطͱʣȵԺԪغеĽԪػҪ
ͻȻͣ˽Ųüͷ
ǰԶѪȾӲݣ֫ڿ֦Ҷ䣬Ѫܵľ󣬴Ŀġ
⵽˻޵Ϯڴˡ
Ƭ򲢲ôƽɱ¾ɱ⣬ʿ֮䣬Ǻͻ֮䡣

Ϯһͷͷӥ£ӥצ˸ŽĹֱҶץȥ
飡
Ҷšףһȭͷͷӥձ鿪һѪ꣬ëҷɡ
ֻ뾲ĸҪҡ
Ҷһ֣Ѫоȡһö޺ˣֱɢŨĽԪϢ
Ԫصķ򡭡
Ҷȥ
Ҫ̵ʱڽԪصķ͸ûжʱ˷ѡ
ԣһʼ⣬ڽԪΪŨĵطչظ
ãҶһɽͣŰܽͨʿֱӴѣԪؾޱȡ
Ҷɽ֮ϣһһΡȻƾ絶ĽиԼ壬֮
״̬£ҶԽԪطнԪصķҲ𽥷ű仯â
֪ȥˣУҶһû˿
ǿĻ޴Ӹվûע⵽һ֮͡

ҶԺһ죬еĽԪطһ㣬̫Ҫ貵Ĺâ
ԪشԲ
ҶĸоѾȫ˽ԪصķͱʣһԪطһڵϿݺᣬͽԪطĺ϶Ϊһ
ৣ
Ҷ˫ĵâ̴˲񷡣
վ׼ȥԪطѵãһѾû塣
ʱһӴԶ̤նɢһϢһʵһǿš
ӺȻﾫĽԪأҪڴ˸䷨ͱʣ˴š
ʧҪڴ˱չء
Įûʲôɱȴһɡ
ҶȻһЦûиһʶֱԶˮԪȥ
ߣϣ
ĿҶһۣ׼Ҷ뿪ɽ۱չأԪصķͱʡ
¡¡
ʱԪһһ㣬˿Ķ
ʲô
𾪣Ҷʧķ򣬴ľ




1865 ˮ
磡
ζʲô
ζſߵսǿ
ϵ亹ˢˡ
ֱʱʶղűΪϣǳжôǿ
𶯴ķ򿴣ʣղſıȻҶɡ
ˮ
ҶǵԪ˳
ˮԪ;չصɽȻѡ絽ˮԪˡ
һˮĻһ֮ҶǰһƬ嫵Ĵ󺣣ˮԪط
¡¡
׵ģҶһһɽԻͷ˸⣬ӰΡ
һʿ϶ᱻѹùͷѣ࣬ǿ·ˣҲв˻ܲס
ҶȴںȫһĥˮԪĲߡ
𡭡
һǧһƬˮĻҶɱ
ûһ㵹ˣǾҵɡ
Ҷǰһͷʵǿ󣬾Ѿͻ߾ܿ⴦ˮԪеİ
һͷȻܹѰˮԪΪ򣬶ˮԪطа
΢࣬ΰҪ㣡
ޱ߾ˣˮӿϸ߿գҶնȥ

һҶͷɽ˴󲿷ֵĹĲֱֱһȭ顣
ߣ
ͷԤе˲ӿצһâ
ৣ
Ҷչ׷ǲһһ㣬ˮĻпٴУͻأĳϡ

󾪣ʱ岻ϵķڣҪСԼ˦ȥ
ȻҶ··˸һ㣬ƾôڣ޷˦ѡ
䣡
ۿ޷Ҷ˦ȥһתֱ򺣵׳ȥĵ̡
Ҷɢŵɫâһ㣬ˮȫˣһ˺ס
¡¡
ں׵ɺвϴУͼҶ˦
ͽ͵ģҶ·һôڶ޷֮˦
ʵ㣬ҲˡҶ˫Ĺâ˵
Ҫ㲻Ҫˣ
Ƣ൱꣬
Ǿ͹ֲˣ
ҶתһȥֱӽƬˣѪһӱŽȾ˺ˮ
໡
ʹĸˣһƬɽӲײˣһƬǵĺˮ
Χĺл޻æӴܣ±
һʱ䣬һƬڣͬݺݽһ㡣
ʱľҲûܽҶ˦ѣǱһƬƬ۵ڳ鴤
˵ֻۣûУ
ҶԴϣЦЦ˵
ûУûУ
ҶĿ⣬æڷϡ
ʵˣһ߾ǿߣȻһ۷ڳɱĶˡ
ðɣҵˮԪΪĵطȥҾͷŹ㡣Ҷ˵
ҲɱֻҪܾˮԪط򣬱ĶǴҪġ
Ѿ۷壬ҪͻƾͱҪԪطȫ͸С
˵ƬھĪĻ
ｫԪصķȫ򵽴ԲĻͻƵ߾ʱûκϰ
ױҶˣĲ鲻ԸҶһƬ峺ĺ
ＤӿһвϵײںϣγһС
ľˮԪΪĵطԼȥɡԴ費˵
ȻˮԪô棬һȥɡ
Ҷǰ޴ٺһЦֱӴһﴳȥ
Ҫ
ֵĲҽеҿסӴѹȻΪѪ࡭
δ䣬ѾҶ˽ȥзš
һ̣ǿɢǿҵ⡣
ҶһҲ߽˾޴֮У֮еɫѵ
ڽһ˲еġ
Ȼ޴ѹǳֲȴǳƽˮԪ绶ľһ㡣
໡
һҽУѪ죬ƬƬƬ䣬ޱȡ
ųеģȻƼأΣúһʱӦܹԭ
סʲô
еģҶһɵŻ͸ˮĻܹ̻Իͣ紫˵еһ㡣
ʲôʲô
۾ɵԲͰ͵صĪǴ˵еˮ
û𣿡
ҶɫƵĿͷʵǷᣬ֮ǰ϶ǿġ
ûУ˵ƬһˮһƬϹżʵʵ˵
зˮԪһ㣬û˵ѣǰС͵о
ǴξٳɳճΪƬˮԪİ
ȥ
ҶֱӴˮĻ߽繬һĽУԥƬ̣һҧҲ˽
ˮĻ֮Ҷ֣оȻ쳣ǲˮĻ·һ㣬ˮȫ档
λеˮ
ᶼˣڽ̻Ի͵Ľж֡
һʽĽڴ룬˶İڷһΣ˶ͷǳ棬ɢźȻϡ
Ҷֱ֮ǰͻȻ֣ͷ·һ룬ɢŨˮԪϢ
ǡ
Ҷ𾪣оȻʮξӨ͸ˮ֮۰Сÿһζǵڣܡ
ˮ֮
𾪣۲ѣȴǰᣬֻһˮ
Щˮ֮ͱˡ
Ҷڴ˱չأܹˮԪط򳹵ˮģ˵㻹׬˵ġ
ȻʣҲ֪ԼҶĶֻ֣εĽʵ
ϳȥ֮ҶһǿĽƣϣһˮ֮ģʼ̵ıʺͷ
תۼ䣬ȥˣҶȵˮԪأͷˮɫ
ʮˮ֮ϤˮԪط˸ҫ۵ĹâˮԪصķͱĸ͸ˡ
ֹȥ죬ҶԺСһ죬һˮԪط֣ڵϿշƬ̣ˮԪطںΪһ塣
ˮԪشԲ
ٿȻҶ˫ۣûâ䣬Ԩһ㣬ס
һ̣ҶƵᣬʶˣٷâ¶Ƿ
վҶȥ˽ƣˮȥ˷·ΧĻΪһˡ
ˣô죿
ӦҶϢһæӭ۵Ĳš
ţ
ҶĵͷƬˮˣԺʿˮԪط㲻üӺҲ㡣
İɣֻҪǲңҾ֣˰ɡ˷ܵ˵
ҶѾȫˮԪصķͱʣƬ˵Ѿûκ塣
һߣȻԼˣûõһƬϹʱˮȻġ
Ǿͺãסĳŵ
ҶͷһֱӳУľԪȥ
Ҫһʱ䣬Ԫطȫ򵽴Բ

ҶȥıӰſڣʲôҲû˵һβˮ֮С
ʹţ
õˮȻǺ£ڵ״ƽسС
ˣˣ
Ұοţ״̬


1866 
ڽĶʮУҶѹɽ߰߼ɽѡ
ڼҲһЩǿĻޣԾµȭǰѪ࣬׳Լ޺˺ڵ
Ԫطȫ˴Բ磬ʵҲõǿ׽˼¡
˿̣ʩչʱΧȫγ˰˸ͬԪ磬ǿ
ĿĽأӽԪֱȥ
һƬţƺûκļ
־Ÿ򣬰Ԫռ˰˸Ҷܺ棬ռĵھҲǽоʲô
ھǳرλģÿһ
Ҳζţ۽һֻҪԼģԽƬĽء
ھųǵĳ룬߽ӽ˵أûбҪֻ򼴿ɡ
ҶŰһܣջصʼĽԪͷɽҲʧˡ
ãĽУһ컯ԣһҪȥ
¡¡
һ죬ҶˮĻһϣ뵽֮УͻȻоʱƺˡ
һĸо·ʵռһ㡣
֪ǲԼĴȴӦŨϢ
ϣ
Ԥ׵ģһǼһһʷֱҶǴȥ
飡
Ҷһȭ˹ǼԼȭͷҲ̴˱Ƥ¼ϽɫѪ
һ̺ſֲҶţʿĻһǾɱûܶù
˭
˫磬Ǽķȥȴֻ޾û˿
ѹֳ˵ǽأĻУʿʵѹƵʮܷӳ߳Ǿͺܲˡ
ȴûⷽѹƣ֮û˿Ӱ죬ĲƷ
ʬɽǺ
ǵھҲǽеľ󣬴״ƣ޹⣬
ҶʱУ˲Ԫ֮ɵɫ淢財
Ӧģڵ֮ɵľȴû̫ʧļ
ɲǸͷһƽⱻƣؽ֮ء
е֮ø֮Ļᡣ
Ҷȥһ·Ͽ˲Ӵĺǣ󲿷ֶ࣬ǿ޺ͻޡ
գҶ͵ϮԼĶһɸְ׹ƴնɣֱǸĲ񣬵ʵȴǿ
Ҷչȭħȭ֮󣬱֮𣬺ȻС
Ҷһ֮ŨĵطͣһƬʬɽǺ֮ϣ֮
ݴһƪѾκ޸ˣľʵ
ƶĽ̥ٵΪڣһ̥ʮ̬̥
֮ͬʱҶҲӣԼʮѨе̬Ӱ
ÿһ̬Ӱǳʵ嫵Ѫ
ȻÿһӰ̬ͬŭĿһȭģеģһ㡣
Щ̥ӰҶ㱾ãЩ̥ӰƺڸԼʲôֻû򵽶ѡ
ʱ֮Ҷڴﵽƽ⣬תݣϿգһһת׷ݣγһ΢ƽ⡣

һʱ䵽ˣ߶Ҫ˳˵أȻӡڴˡ
Ҷӽ߳ԪһϴϴϵѪۣһɾ·׼뿪
ԭιǰĽˮȫ˽Ԫط֮󣬸ûи˿˺ĪʸС
ʱ񶼴ﵽһ˵ľ磬Ѫʶɹ⣬̥ת
ڶӰԸǿ߻ˣȣ߳
Ҷ˿ȫһòݱʶݣҲӽԪطĵĳڳ˳
̨һʣ̨СüΣ
º΢ЦӭҶ˵
֮
˶һۣشЦ
Χ˸죬ºͷѾǿչ·Ϊϣ֤ǿ֮һߵļͬɹϵǿ֮⣬Ӳκ˼Դɫ
Ϊ˫ŮʿʵҲǿϣܹ׷Ҷˡ
˭
ȻܹõͣӾϿȥô򵥡
ھŹųǺֵͣǳķ֣ٴλÿһ˶ܲͬ
вԶУΪ˵·ϵһݹǡ
·۾ôпᣬ˵Ѫǣֻܳɾһ˵Ƕɧ
صھų֮Ҷºһ徻Сƹݣһ𣬼Сˡ
˱ߺȱģ˵˺ܶеľ
ڹԪһӰһĪǾ㣿
֪Ҷ֮ºԾŴͣΪԼѾǳˣû뵽Ҷ
һ𵽵ʮǰɣǵ˶ڵʮǣ໥֮ҲиӦ
ƺºϵҶ˵ϣҶܹһ𣬺֮Щ˻ҶݣҲԲ
ˣ
ҶҡͷԼĿǰĴҪϴԼһݱ¶һ١
ˣ뿿Լ֤ס
ԼౣأҪǵʱֻ贫һ仰Ҳ˵Һݣܹڸų֮䣬ضϵº˵
Ҳ֪ҶһҲԲԱĿˣؽ⵽ִߺһǿߵΧˡ
ҶһУħҲ֪ͨī챻ɱ顣
˲ˣ
ĺ˫ɭĹâݺһ֣ն׵Ķ
ǰһʽӵľӣ׼ۼǿߵͷǹǴĥɣԶ봫ѶϢ
ҶĺǶ棬ǵαװ۾˲ǽһ޴вҲ˵
ǰͬһžͬһλ׼ۼǿߵͷǹǴĥɵģصϵ
ٳ֮ǰħֽǵģÿһ飬ע֮໥Ϣ
̬֮Ҳ׷׸ͣΪҶǵѹ̫ˣҶǰǼܿԡ
ΨĬĺţǸֵһҶ塣
ʮǣ
ͬһǳرĵطھ۹֮󣬵ʮظ档
Ҷڵھ۹زûйͣΪõõĻԵѾõĺֶڣȥѾ塣
ºǰ뿪ˣӵݵɵ֮䴩󣬲ܵ˿Ӱ졣
ʮ۹ںڰУһ嫵ľ޳ǿ֮Уɢʥԡ
ڵʮ۹ص·һǣԲԣɢž˵Ԫ
ųɿ·ǿһЩģɽܹһЩֲ޺
ǵʮǣλһϿգڲͬһųĹŵء
Ҷصͬʱ޼ͰﺮħǿҲųС


1867 ׽
ǿչųǣҶܹоųǸӾ޴
ֵ˳֯־ߴĽ۴αȣ¡
Ǹɶħϸɱˣ
һǣҶһϢʱɫһݡ
ӣʱ䣬ĺǲûš
ִߺͼ߶ȥˣһܹܻΪǿչ·һ
ѰҶħϸΪƻǰִ߶ȥˣֻһƬʬ壬ֱ̫ˡ
ֵϣֵۣĻ̡̻
ʮػ˴ߣħϸĻֱһѡ
սǾϢò˶˲õԤУ˶໥±ˡ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ԼǲǾħļϸ
ҶѰһҿջһ鼫Ʒʯס˽ȥ
ջ󣬵ҲֵԺ̨ͤ¥Сˮ԰ʽƣɫ
Ǳޣ׼Ѱ۱ķֲ˽һ
ڶһ磬һϢ䶯ȫǣһλӼǿˣھУɱ
УǷ˿֤Ҷģ
ԣ˹ݺ
Ϣ֮Ҷŭˣ
ϣ˳ǵԭסѯʣ֪ܿ˾۱ڴ˳ǵķֲڡ
۱ǳãǿչ·ϣҲ֪ίһЩģִ߶ǹһЩϢ
ʮǵĳǰ˳ǻûгִ߼γһְ
̸е֪һϢ
˳ǵĴҲǿչ·ϵִߣȻǿչ·һ۹صĳɵ׵ܵܣзӵͨ
ʱͨѰҶΪԼֳֶ
ͬʱڹųǵһ۵Ľ䣬ħ޼Ͱﺮıʲô
һƾɵ񷿣ӵ˲֪˻ѰǨⶰշΪǵ֮ء
Ѿ̽ˣִ߾һǳ׵ܵܣҶնɱֳֶѺ޲ýҶʬΣǿԼãֳ֮Ҷģ
޼˵
˼Ҳ֪Ҷʲôط赶ɱ˸޴̸𡣡
ﺮ˫۷Ź⣬漴ְȥ
ٺãƲҲҶҲȻ
㾡ܷģа취
޼ƵЦˣ۵һ˿Ĺâ
ŶԸꡣ
ﺮһ񣬰Դ˹ȥ
ѴҶĺ;۱֮ŷͬһĹϵϴǵϢ¶ȥǾ۱ڱ֣ҺЩ޴ţǵĴǳ
޼ҧгݣЦţֻҪȻᵽ۱ȥ̽ǵϢֻҪǶס۱󣬿϶ܹ١

ﺮ˫۷Ź⣬˷ܵ˵ǾٳһΣ֡
ǿʱɢϢֱĲƷﺮһ
˶۱ȥ
۱󸽽Ǳ֮ͣУÿһλ۱ߡ
ųշǳţÿ˶ӵĽ໥˭Ҳˡ
ûбץס֮ǰκ˶пҶħϸ仯ġ
һʱ䣬ųǰӿɱķʶҲƵ·
ҪǣħϸŻɱǿߣһЩǿͬԽߣֻҪץȫԽƵҶϡ
ųУɱìͷֱָҶ
Ҷļֱԡ
Ҫɱ⡣
˰ɣ㣿ҪҶģ±ɱɣ
ֵΧľУƵۣҶüͷ
Ҷֿ˵Ϊ˺ܶͷʣǰͲ̽ץס档
ŽֵҶһΧ˵ۣһ۱ȥ
ʣųħǿ߻켣ҪʱϢԱȷľϡ
ߺͱǾĿֻţִ߹ǳأȫѲһҪҶɱ
һӶӾʿִͭսìɱȻڳѲߣʱųǵս
һ·ϣҶܶѲѲʿЩʿȻûһܹϳ
ÿһǿչ·ϵĹųУо۱ķֲռ㣬ƻֺ꣬ڳеκһ
ֲȻڿеһڣ繬һ㣬ɷǷ
һʺʯ״յĹ£֮á
Ҷʰϣ۱óĹܿ㱻һСڡ
滨ݱأԳңɺ裬ŨԪ뵣
Ӵֲĸˣһ߾ڵһǿߣͷ߰ף塣
֪ϸУЩħǿߵϢͶ򡣡Ҷżɽֱ˵Լ⣬޷ϻ
龭Ҳڵ飬ûͷǿԿ϶˵ħϸȻǱڳɡ˵
ҶҲκηֱӱԼĿˮıԼòҲܲ
ʱƵģĿǰʵҲֻάʮҡ
Ҷ
Ҷģ
У޼Ͱﺮ˾û뵽ҶȻıԼòʣǶȥˡ
ã
ǾһɲǣҶӦ쳣ĲٱòֱһƵգ˴˳
۱ŭΪȻ˽Ӷûз֣𾪡
䣡
æ֮У޼Ͱﺮͬʱ֣ҶӲƴһǣ֮ڣѹƲס¶ݡ
˶һۣӱ˴˵ж˾ĹâҶ̫ǿˣڲ似£ǸǶ֡
ߣ
ĵ㺮ʹӶݡ
ߣ
Ҷһȣչ׷ǲһ׷ȥ˵ֱһȭȥ
ۣ
ۣ
˽߾ȫֵԾɱٱˣ˫˫Ѫ
˿̣ǿҶĿг˾ֺ𺧣Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ҶȻͻƵ۷塣
û뵽Ȼʹǵ似ɣûκλᡣҶ˵
źܿ˻ϵ޼Ͱﺮʹ似֤Լס
֤ףΣ޼̡
ħϸҶڴˣ
ʱ򣬰ﺮͻȻһƴ·Ⱥȥ
Ҷ
޼ҲӦһ˿Цȫǡ
ħϸҶĶ
ߺһЩһǿ߷ӵת˲佫ҶΧм䡣
Ҷħϸû뵽Ҳн죬
һǿ߹ϳ֣һִ̧һƬǺӣҶѹ£


1868 
ǿչ·ʮ۹ط·һӴӣ˽ڴפ㣬ڸĿģһֱû·
˵ųУвڰԲ˵һ콾
Ҷֵ˱ﵽ߾ڣʥʵǳǿᡣ
䣡
һƬ貵Ǻѹ£ʥ죬һƬʵǿѹ䣬Ʋɵ
˵Ҳħļϸħϸء
ҶŭЩ˲ףһ϶ħļϸĻᡣ
Ǻѹ䣬ҶΣֻչȭ֮
䣡
ҶһȭٱֱӴǺӣһſǳȭͷը貵̻
ˢ
Ҷһһ㣬Ǻӣ޼Ͱﺮɱȥ
˿̣Աѡֻܵڽ˻ɱǵ֤Լס
Ȼ
꣡
жǿ߱ٴ赲ǰһѪɫǹֱüĴȥ
ϣ
ԽѪɫǹѣһطҶ͵ȭͷ£ûʲôܹ赲
飡
Ҷһᾢһȭɳȥ˲ס߰˸Ѩһڵȴδȡ
Ҷ֪ڵʽǳϾвп
óȻɱ䣬ʵħϸݣӲ
䣡
ǿֱײһ񷿣˷֮С
ȻȴĿ¶ɫҶˣ˿Ѿһ߱ʬ塣
ʥһȭ飬ȡֻǾ֮͡
ѵ˵ħļϸô׵ķŹԼ
һ̣һֱᶨҡˡ
ħϸڴˣǻʲô
λһ֣ɱⲣΪ忡屨𰡣
޼Ͱﺮ˵ߵڰףһ߷Ӷһ߹Ķ˳֣ɱҶ
ʱмѪӿǿ߱˹ĶҶɱȥǰ·
ҪɱħϸλҪ󡣡
Щɱεǿ߽ڣһ߽ͻһ߿ڽ͡
νƱ磬Ҳı䲻ħϸʵ
Щ˸ͲĽͣɺ֣ÿһգƵҶòֻ⡣
ǶŪˣ
Ҷŭۿ޼ͰﺮҪ֮ززȻ޷ӳ˳ǣܽǻɱº
Ҷģڡ
һǿſ³һ챾ԴһӰҶ
ǱƵģ
ҶһХʢѪˣһѪֱ񷣬ŴĿ׵ɹ⣬ֱӳ˳ȥ
飡
飡
ᾫӢѪɳȥɫҰֽ˸žĹâ
һ̣Ƿ·һһ㣬ȻѹǴ
ӣ
ҶԦУɲǧ˲׷޼Ͱﺮ
ϣ
һѪɫսì֣ûǧìӰǴȥì漤һɱ⡣
޼Ͱﺮɫұ䣬Ҷϸܵв
ԥҪҪʩչ似ʱ䷢ˡ
ϣ
һʥͻأĳ֣նìϣìƫˡ

ͬʱһҼһ
ˢ
һӰƾճ֣ɢǿʥǲ߾ʥǿߡ
һϮҲͷţķ룬һľ縳ףһɷǵģ
ȻʥˣҶħϸӲˡ
ǣȻʥִС壬ѾŰٶˣʮǰʥʵԸ˵Сֵ
֣߳Χ˶׷ΪҶ˷ڽӡ
޼Ͱﺮ󣬶ҶЦֹ
˿̣д󶨣ʥ֣Ҷˣǽ赶ɱ֮Ҳ˵ﵽĿġ
ֻҪҶһҲûвǣ޼ɵɱ徫Ӣʱɢ֮׳
˳֮£ò˼꣬ǽΪǿչ·ϵǿߣ·ɱ
Ǹʱ򣬼˲³ǵݣҲηˡ
־ܰɣǻģȻħϸǻỹһס
ȻִʥȻʥ棬ݷ
˵أ
ҶȻϿһǵĳӰӡ
һŰ裬һΪǡ
ϷֻֽܳħˣȽ¡
˵䣬ȻȻ֣һŴ£ʮָƼлֱҶץȥǳǿơ
ⲻȻʥĶ𣿡
Ȼһ־ǿǲҶħϸһᰡ
Ӧˣһ㽫£ǧУʬΪȥ徫Ӣ𡣡
Ȼ֣ܶٴξ۷׷ףΪҶȻܣ
Ȼ
ڴʱ
ҶһХ쳹أһɹһ㣬ִսì
ۣ
ѪҶһì̴ȻĴ֣һѪֱ꣬ӳ˳޼Ͱﺮɱȥ
õ
Ȼɫ࣬һӣݺҶȥٴֹɱ޼Ͱﺮ
ˣҲŵĵ㺮ȥǸоʥǿǰ棬Ȼȫ
Ҷ赲ǵɱĻôһоͶˣ޻Ҷ޴̸п˶ΪϴףǲԸ⿴ġ
䣡
ҶȻӲƴһǣ˫ͬʱ岽
˿̣Ҷһɱһ㣬ңɭɢɱ⡣
ȻˣԼѾ߾꣬Ȼֻ߾ڣ޴ҲӦһܹġ
ȻڣҶȴܹӲƴ·磬ĪĲһ˿ޡ
Ҷָɱӱֶͽ
ޣȻֱӽҶɱ־ܣƣǶǺŪ˵Ĺ
ҲɱˣҪңҶǿѹͷŭ˵
ߣ
ȻһҪĹ磬ִ߾Ϳ쵽ˣʱѡ
һϣɱⲣΪ߱𡣡
ղŵĶԿе㿴ҶǳˣóȻ֣ԼһӢһʴ˺һ֣֮ɱҶ
ֻҪҶһǲħļϸʺעҪͷˣ౳ǧ
жῡ״Ƕôҡ
ǻʲôô˺ܽһɱԹ
޼Ͱﺮ˲ĽĶһ֣ɱҶԼȴ׼ʱ˵ء
޼ﺮӡ
ҶѾˣӵһȣչ׷ǲٴ׷ȥ
ڣ˺徫Ӣ
ȻӰһٴ赲Ҷǰһȥâ絶ƥ

ҶҲŭˣı裬Ҳʧȥģ˲սìʹãݺбȥ
꣡
Ѫ֣ʥǿȻҶһìӼͷбΣһ

ȻһҽУѪϰֱҶײɳȥ°Ҷһ߱Ѫࡣ
ֳѻȸ


1869 ˽
δ𣡡
ìϣһѪĿġ
һ˶һһɺӳŵװǡ
ѪȾ˴أһλʥʥһìΣһ߱˰ζʲô
ֳжë
̵ѪĿļ¡
һЩԭǿ߶ʱ
ھʵǰǸоԼС
ȻˣҲһЩǿʿֻǾ̬δʣóȻͷ˵ǹʹĽ
У
޼Ͱﺮһɫøѿ
ҶǿǵԤϣѾԤе˲
ûиǿ˳ֹҶѱ
һ̣ǳ׼ǱܣˮƽӣٶȿʯƴԶȥ
Ȼ赲ǵľ˲١
ȻȴûκΰȫУ·һͷ׷ɱһ㣬ɥ֮Ȯ̻©֮㣬Ӷݡ
꣡
ҶᶨɱȻѪɫսì̴գͬԽռһ㣬һף˵ƨ׷ɱ
ͷߣ
ֵֽ˼㣬Ҷϸܵев
Ǵδ뵽һԼ̵֮ľʹˡ
ڴʱһɿֲʥǵض
ִ߳ˣ
һĻʥʥǿߣֳĸ򣬽ҶΧм䡣
ִˣҶڽӣ
˵ִʮǰѾﵽ߾۷壬ֻһ߱ͻƵ߾۷壬ս
߾ʥ߾ڣǾɱҶħϸ⡣
۷׷ף̲סˣܲסԨ嫵ʥ
޼Ͱﺮд󶨣վԶҶЦѡ
ǿҶֶͨҲִߺλʥǿߵĺϻߡ
ֻҪɱԼͳװȫˡ
λ֣ͬôⲣִͨڣĿ
񡢿Ӣ䣬ƽУϽ۽ֻ
ǿ濴ңȻλ߾ʥ
ҶƽĮ˵ԶȻųˣʥʥŭѡ
˵ϻħϸ˵ö֮
ִߴȣϣɢǿҵʥĤݡ
֣
ʥǿһǰƣһֲ죬ƾˣųǶڲħ
Χ˶ݣʥͬʱ֣һδʥʿ˵Ǿɱ
ˣ
λʥǳԸûгȫʥûжãһȥֲʥʮ˿ռ䡣
֮ǰҶȻץ
Ȼ˰Ԫصķ֮İѾﵽ˼£ΪҲﵽ۷弫£߾Ҳһ֮ѡ
׷ǲҲ˼ľ磬漰ʱһµתʱ
ˢ
һˮһ㣬Ӱԭֱͻ˽֮ᴩ˳ȥ
޼Ͱﺮ˵ɱĻ޷Լס
ڣֻˣٶȴԽռ䣬ߣѪɫսìһͨҰףֱ˵üĴȥ
Ҫ˵꣬չʾǵļϴˢԼס
飡
飡
˾ʮ鱦ǰƴֿһ㶯似
ۣ
ۡ
ܴԼͬһѪί
Χ۵˴󾪣˭Ҳû뵽ҶλʥǿߵΧ£ȻܹҽЩеʵ̫ˡ
ӹмһ㣿
ҶһìȻûг׽նɱȴԴ֮Ƴǵ֮ˣһǵ
αѪ˿̿ԭα¶ˡ
õ
ִɫָ࣬һһɱֱҶԺѨ
ʮѨ֮һ΢ܴпܱ˵һ߾۷ʥˡ
֮£Ҷֻ÷˽նɱһϬţ£ǹâ죬ӭɱ⡣
䣡
â䣬һ̫ըһ㣬ҫ۵ĹâòΧ۵̲ס˫ۡ
ššţ
Ҷվˣһ飬аԾ߾۷ʥȻǿ
ԹԵ־ܣɱִۣͨĮ˵
ȥģ
Ҷ̲סֿڣͨǲħļϸֻΪ˽ɱΪֳֶ
ΪҲ֪Ϊֳɣ
ΪҲԣɱ徫Ӣڹ˽նҪáͨޱ飬ƽȴһ޷ܵʥ
ʮǣǷûΥ־֮ʥǿ߹֣ͬΪκ⡣
ΧһĮĿ⣬ҶһЦԵĮһչ¶š
ҲܹĮϾطݻûбȷ֮ǰȺȷħļϸ
ԴħļϸȻ˿ͬ顣
൱һ˾ãħļϸҲ˻նɱ߽һ޴в
ǲħϸ
Ҷָίڵص޼ͰﺮˣǱ֮Ϯ˿ʱ
ȻҲ֪ҪλʥǿǰǸɱǲܵġ
˵Ŀ壬ִͨȣȻ
Ƿǲ֣ħ棬ǸְִߡҶķ̡
Զħϸ˵ҷŹǣһȡ
ϣҶȥҲûȥһۡ
޼Ͱﺮ˺͸ؽϴ˸תһ
ԹĿҶĺȵˣץˡ
˿̣Ѿû·ΨбеҶз̵ĿܣǱɡ
վס
£
𣿡
ʥǿͬʱ֣ҶǰʮʥƵؼ䡣
ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ϧһдҲҪҶã޷ǿչ·ϵ߽
ҲɱˣǲҪңҶɫɭĿ¡
ٴα裬ŭ˼㣬ЩôǿΪȴʶ˲ħϸŪڹ֮УŴζ֡
ǾǱˣһʥǿŵ˵
ûгʥ֮ǰʿϣܺǿ⡣
һҶǿѹɱ⣬˵ңԸ

ִͨʥǿߴЦΪҶɵˣ˵軰
ԸЦˣһССħϣȻвǣǧ̸һʥ߾ʥЦ޼ɵ
ʱһʱˣ޼ͰﺮǿվĿԹĿҶԶԶ˿ˡ
ղҶ޵е£ҲҿˣһҶͻϮɱĻһоͶˡ
ֱ˵㹻Զˣ˲¶ıóѵЦ


1870 սʥ
ʱΧ۵˳𺳣
ҶȻΣȴչʾ˼ǿʵ
һνʥǿȻһǹбһ߱
ڶʥǿߵһ´ݱܿ߻ˡ
ӲִͨĶָˣƽɫ
κһ´ȥԾס
Ҫ֪ûгʥȴʥݣ޵ļ˱ȼ硣
Ҷ̫ǿˣֻһʥǿߣ»
ۣܶһȫݡ
ǿҲûãʥ£û˿ᣬȻᱻܣҷɡ
һЩĮۣΪβӡ
ΪʥǿѾΧʮųѾգûܹ롣
־ܰɣ
ЦˣʥʥǿƳ֣һŴݻ棬ǳת
һָл棬ѹ顣
ˣ
գۼ䣬Ҷ㱻ѹ˴֮У˻ûзֲ
𾪣
ͬʥǿߣʵҲǧԶȻȻҲǳʥ꣬Ǻȣ̫ˡ
Ҷģбλʥǿȴڷּ㽫Ҷѹˡ

Цţ׼Ҷ꣬Ƿħϸ
ͻȻɫһ䣬һɺ嫵ʥ˷·ȼһȵӿȥ
ۣ
Ѫɽ
һì涴ֱһӰһг˳ʥ֮
ɱ
ɫ䣬ͬʱ֣ԴһʥâǵӰɱûӶݡ
磡
ҶһȣչԪطĸΧγһԵͼΣתм䡣
䣡
ƥʥâͬʱڰϣʱųƾԷˡ
ˣ
һ״ĲƬͻȻҶͷסλʥǿߵȫһ
һ̣Ƭ⣬һӵ·ֳط
ʲôܵסʥһ
˶𾪵ԸӣҶͷĲƬ̰Ĺâ
⡭ѵǴ˵еɼײƬΧ۵Уһ׷ԲԵ߾
пܣɼײƬ֮⣬ʲôʥܵסʥĺһߵһɫ˵
ʼգλ˶ܳȻǸͲעһսĽʿһ
ɱ
ҶͷɼײƬӶȭٱϽɫȭͷգ·磬ųǶ𶯡
һ̣Ҷޱͻƺʵӵ˼£ʢѪغ¯
䣡
޻εĺһʥһȭձ飬֮һֲĺڶϢ
飡
ͬʱһʥǿһȭļͷѪɣ׹ɭɭ㱻ϵۡ
𣡡
Ҷһͷ˵Ұһ㣬ŭѪɫսìʩչ߱ǹе죬һǹâ̴񷡣
ۣ
һǹ͵ϮԼʥǿ߶ˣѪֲ֮˳սìľ

ʥŲҽУܵڿʧƬ̣ؽ߾
ģʲô
һĻúܶΧ۵ʿĿɿڴ𾪵Ըӡ
ǿһʥǿ߰Ȼһìֱ˼
飡
ҶһֱӽʥǿߵˣͬһѪһ㡣
ˣ
Զʥǿɫѿ˼㡣
߾ʥȻһδʥϸĪ衣
䣡
ͻȻһɫɢǿʥһɽһҶѹ¡
ִͨˣֱӼʥҪҶɻҽ
¡¡
־ص۽֯飬ֲޱߣһںڶһ㽫ҶѹУ䵽˵ϣųǶڲ
ų׼۰ǿ߿µƱֱӾͻᱻҴˡ
λһ֣ⲣΪ߱𡣡
ִͨһ壬ϳ֣ʥڵ飬ʼҶ
λ߾ʥҲͬʱ֣һֲ
ʱҶǰδеΣʥͬʱ֣߾ڵľʥԵֿ

ڣҶϷ֮ͬʱƵ̫θ֣սһ㡣
һ̣Ҷ˿ֲ׵սԪط̥ӵһ
飡
ҶӶȭϽɫȭͷ̫һ㣬ҫ⣬ݺڹϣȭͷ˽ȥ

ֻһֲľ죬˱Ѫ˫Ѫ
һͷô˿ֲ
˶һαˣŹһԵȭӡеһľ
ִͨһαɫ޵ʥһȻܴ
ʥǿҲɫ䣬ҶǿǵԤϣ㱻ѹҲĸеġ
һ̣ǶƴˣֲԴԴȥ
ܽҶĻδ棿
飡
飡
飡

ڣҶӶȭһ̣Ѿȭȫˣֻʵ޷ӳȭǿֲ׵ѡ
Ҳ㹻ˣһʮȭȫͬһϣʱһѺۣ
ʲô
ô
˾һĻ
꣡
ѣҶħһ˳Ѫ߰ߣѪ˿
ԣڹˣʥǿͬʱ֣ûܰȻ
ܹӹڻųѾ˵ϡ
飡
Ҷոճͱͨһķɳȥһ·Ѫദѡ
ˣ
ûͣ㱻һʥһ˻Ѫ
ȥ
ִͨŭ£üѿһɵֱҶͷ­նȥ
ɫ޵ʥȴҶӲһ󶴣ܲ۵
ˣ
ҶüҲͬѿһɫӡӭ籩ǣӭ˷ɵ
ϣ
ɵݺնӡʱնһѺۣ㽫Ҷֱն
ûˣҶı
ܹʥƵֵزҲһ˽ˣֻϧħļϸ
ħϸҲĻĳɾͲܹǿչ·ǿļ档
Ƿ׷ۣҶˣ˹ʥǿȫ£
飡
Ҷʥͣÿζ֣ʥƵȭͷֶ㽫һ̯ࡣ
˿̣ҶӶ鲻ˣΨĹâ
飡
һαɳȥһƬѪ飬Ҳ˲٣νҡ
صһΣǺӴսҲû˵̶ֳȡ
ұɱˣⶼǱҵģ
ҶתɲǸԭһɨ֮ǰƣһɱһ㣬ɢɱ⡣


1871 ɱʥ
һ̣·ˣ
սһƥɱ⣡
ƵɽˮľҶŭˣŭˣ
Щ첻֣ħ棬϶ħļϸЩɱ
Ǵ֮壬ǿĻ˿̿Ѿһ߱ʬˡ
ԷҶλʥǿҲǴҶϸܵһвв
һδʥϣȻǸܵв
ֱ˼飡
ˣ
һ̣Ҷ֮ͬʱƵ̫θ֣Ϊߣָ˫ָȭӡȭħȭͬʱӳ
飡
ʥ֮ƣҶȭһգȭᣬɢ֮µա
һ̣۳У𶯣ƶ£ȭȭ֮ͬӶش߾ڶʥȥ
飡
һʥѪˣѣЩ飬ҲܵشɫҰףί١
䣡
һʥҲסҶ췣ĺȭʥѣֱۻѪ࣬Ӷˣ漫Ѫȡ𺳣
һ̣Ҷ˲ݴȻֻһ֣ͬʱƵս˲
Ѫɣ
ʥͬʱѪˣúܶ˾Ī
ģʲô
Ҳۻ˰ɣ
ʥȻסһ

˶ۣоĵ׷
սĻᶼûУֱӾͱһȭɱˡ
һ̣˼ҶħϸҲҪδɳ֮ǰɱǺܶ˵جΡ
ҿ֤֮ﺮʧʱĴ˵
ûŨ֮ħе޼ҲĴС
ƲˮݣסһλᣬȻҶˮ
ţִߵҶΪħϸΪ干ͬĵˣλ֣ڸɱй
ִͨɫĺȵɫųǣҶһñӣϣ֮ҶڸɱΪֳֶ
ˣ
ǿ⶯׷׼Լʥ鱦ǰһɽɱҶӿ

Ҷаһ̾
ɱˣɱ䣬˿̣Ѿɲˡ
ս֮󣬻жܹ̫֪ҲûѡҪֻսսս
꣡
ɱΧ۵ȺֱҶţһɱ
ϣ
ҶָһֱӽɱɢһӨĳֳܲݺύѺۣ

ѣҶһָ֮»һѷ
ģҹ
Ҷɫɨһˣ·ڿһƬûʯͷľļ£
㣬ƫ㣬
һ߾ߴһҵȭâգҶɱ
ʱ̣ȻֹĿ˶񣬿ԲһѸ
飡
ȭͷըֱۣţͷ­Ҷƥһȭ飬ĥ
С
һĻˣٴߵһͣ˽Ų
һȭ
һȭ
Ҷһ߾ڣʥ콾ĵ׷﷢ࡣ
ﺮ޼˰Цȴָ֮¶
һ֣ɱⲣΪ߱𣬻һ
ͨɫ࣬кһ֣ɱҶӦȴȣûԸԼЦ
䣡
ͨһն£ǳ𶯣ųǷ·һ㣬Χ񷿳ƬĵһƬ̳
ʥǿҲͬʱҶչ˹ʥ죬Ƶ˲òһˣԶս
ȼսͲܹġ
սϹâҫۣϢƵ細ֽһ㣬ϱһֲĺڶ
ҶͷɼײƬڹ⣬·ȭħȭƵ
һ̣һĵ·غһˣյ
ۣ
ʥѪ죬һ߾ڵʥһȭ飬֫ĽӨʥǶˡ

ʥҽУתķѴԴɫһ԰ס
𾪣
ʥֽɱ£Ҷǵû̱ɱǿϮһʥˣս˶ݣ
Ƿǲ֣Ϊʥ
Ҷ
ʥֽɱ£׷ǲӵ˼£ͬˮһ㣬֮䣬絶ϵߡ

ͨŭʥɱһδʥϣȻôѣ˷ŭ
ˣ
ſ³һ챾ԴһӰҶѹ£ֲѹ߾ڵʥݡ
ৣ
ҶӰһ𣬱ܹһչȭħȭȭգȻ
飡
ҶȼһɢֲĲһȭһʥǿͷ­ˡ
ˣ
ȶԷҶüȻѿӡɳʥֱӽȼˡ

ʥҽУ֮ȼգƬ֮㻯Ϊ˻ҽ
⡭
Χ̲סһһʥôˣ
һ䶯ԵϢ
ǿչ·ϵʥж٣
ÿ۹عųǵĳҲʥǿ߶ѣȻһ
𾪵ͬ£Ҷ׷ǲʩչ£һ𣬳һ߾ڵʥߣȭħȭͬʱӳ
䣡
ʥ·ǳݺײһ㣬Ѫɻң
֮ͬʱһڣ·ٵһ㣬ǿʥǿҲס
գۼ䣬ʥǿ䣬˾òʵ
ۣ
ţ߾ڵǿҲѪɳѣá
Ҷվڵأһһ㣬̤ݻӶȭͷƣΧ·ٵһ㣬
ħȭȭ£Ҷ˶Լ似ֻȭ
һȭѣ·ضݲֱԴȭһ㡣
ͨͷ췢࣬ҪȼԼҪҶնɱڴˣ
λʥһˣ̫ˣ
Ҷģ
ͨŭ񣬹ȼս˲һ£ѣӡųǵĽƶˡ
ৣ
ҶӰһܹɱһɳڵ֮УһԼֻȭ
һĻΧȫ壬׷ԶȥҶɱִ֮ɱ䡣
޼Ͱﺮûӣǰתħλʥǿʱɢ֮׳Ǵ˿̻ҲӲԶձȻᱻҶ׷ϡ
ðһЩ֮ʵָ֮Ҳ˼ְա
ʥǿʱɢ֮ŨҴ˵ֱϵĲƷǲᡣ
Ȼ
ŨҴ֮еʱͻȻ֣Ҷһɱ


1872 ǿ
߾ڵʥ䣬һ߾ڵʥˡ
һĻˣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Χȫ壬׷룬Ҷնɱִ֮ɱ䣡
˿̣ųǵķӡѾƣӿ˹ųǣһȥ
ԭסң·ڵȴĽ١
кܴһͨˣûк̤ǿչ·
еʿǸ벻ֲսֻεһԵȺĬĬΪͨ
ǴսΧƬ˷棬Ѻݺύ
оƱʷƾõĹųǣڴսбˡ
˶˵صʱ޼Ͱﺮ˾ȻûߣҪˮ㣬ʥʱɢ֮׳
ǳŨ֮еʱҶͻȻɱһ㣬һϸߣԶӶݡ
Ȼ
Ҷѳ֣ô׷Źǣ
ৣ
Ҷ縡Ӱƣȵ·š
ִͨ蹷һ׷ᣬһҪҶɱڴˡ
ҶҪȳħš
ֻнǻУ֤ǲħϸϴˢԩԼһס
˺γҶ뷨
һ̣ǸоԼĽʱпܱɱ
ͨŭ񣬲ϵĳ֣Ҷ͹Ĳ£һҲûлйǽƬųǴݲеĲӡ
ܶƽߣȭâɨУڷ
һ̣·ħһ㣬˿˵ֻ뽫ҶɱΪֳֶ
˵߾ʥѾսֻԶԶ˿и
ܿ죬Ҷ׷ϰﺮ޼ˡ

˾ֵشУǷһ㣬߶֮
ۡ
Ҷ治ɫӶֻȭͬʱƵֱ˴ڿУһƬѪꡣ
䣡
Ũ֮˲ŷ˵֮ȫҶֻȭˡ
ǲħϸ
Ҷ𣬻δ䣬һɿֲϢ쫷һϯųǣһӽŨ֮ɢˡ
⡭
Ҷͳ飬ŭ£
ؼʱ̣ͨȻͻˣ߾ڣֲϢ˲ɢ֮Ҫ֤ԼԸٴա
û˿ûܷӦ
߾ǿͻһ磬춼иУɢ˵ʥ
Ȼȴٽ٣
ܹ߾һеţ
ȻȻûٵĴ
˵ʲô
˵ʻԶԶȻϲиУδרľ磬췣顣
ھ˵ٶǼֲģܲûǲҪר
ͨҲû뵽ԼȻܹͻƵ߾ڣʱЦ
߾۷ͣʮ꣬ûдԭΪⱲӶ߾ˡ
û뵽κҶһսŭ֮¾Ȼ˱ݡ
ͻƵ߾ڣսϵİ˶˲Ȭˡ
ﵽ߾֮ÿһС綼ǵʵ༫
Ҷģħϸк徫Ӣ
ͨȡ
Ȼѿ壬޼ͰﺮħļϸڲѪŨҵϢ
Ҫ˵ҶˮʵҶħϸݣ˳ĽҶɱҪҶ౳νǴ
ʵϣҶǿƻɱħϸʱ֪ͨҶ֮Ҳħļϸ˺նɱԼˡ
ȻЩҪҪǣҶɱֳֶ
ɣ㹻Ҷɱˣ
꣡
ͻ֮ͨıǣ˫Ĺâ콣һҶȥ
ৣ
Ҷһ·𱻶޶һ׷ǲʩչ£ǿܿ
ˣ
ͨգǳ˸һƬʵ棬ɢſֲʥҶѹ¡
飡
Ҷһ㣬׷ǲܵӰ죬ٶȻûܱܿһķɳȥ
䣡
Ҷײʮ佨ͣһѪ˿Ȼˣ
㲻Ǹ϶ѣ
ͨɫĮ߾֮Ƭƺƿ֮Уһ־µĸо
Ҷ׷ǲȻ¼٣Χ֮ڣûܿĹ׷ǲҲС
ৣ
ͨ˺ѿռ䣬ɲǼҶǰ̧ͷ̤ȥڲ̤һֻһ㣬⡣
ˣ
ҶӶֻȭȫһ˫ȭͷ׹ɭɭֱ۶ˡ
ꡪ
Ҷµʯط죬ܿӳϹǿ赲ס³֮ơ
ϷͨɫĮȻѹ䣬ҪǿʵҶ̤ڴˣǴʵѹơ
ҶȫԿʮѨе̥Ӱŭ𣬷·֮
ϽɫѪҶɽˮĵزɺԣ֧Ųסˡ
֪㲻ħļϸôأ޷֤Լǣ˻Ϊħļϸɱ㣬壬ǿչ·й㣬ֻǰ౳ǧ
ͨĮ˵
Σ
Ҷҧأؼš
Ҳٲҵȥ
־Ĵ̼£Ҷǿս˫ȭ̫еֱֺۣ֮֮˳ȥ
䣡
ط·һ㣬һɴϢΧڵһнȫ촷ۣݲ㽫ϵĥˡ
ǿ˲佫ͨĴƷɳȥҶһ⣬˳Ѫ߰ߣһ˫ȭͷƤⶼĥˣֻʣ½ӲӵĹͷ
߾ڵʥսȻֲƺܹӶشɱ֣⻹ô
䣡
ͨһӶ־ٴνҶɳȥһ·Ѫ߹ǲ֪˶ٸ
˵ھǴۣƬص־ҿ⣿
ͨݲȣƽ˵Ҳòϣȷǿ֮ͬУǿչ·ǼҲδʤ㡣
ĻܹɳΪǿչ·ǿߣʸ֤֮·ϧҲġ
ͨ縩һ㣬ÿһҶѪֹȴ޷𾪡
Ҷʵֲ̫ˣѰʿ¸סһͱɽٻˡ
Ҷ˼ػʼղ飬Ӳ̶ȿʥ

ҶһαɣŭˣȼĻֻбŰķݣ޷Ч
䣡
Ҷȼս˲ž죬ϵĹͽ˲临ԭ
ȼҲûã̫ˣ
ͨĮ˵ָһһָâ˲䶴ļס
⻹ȼ֮Ҷʵ˴ߵĽһָؽüġ
ѪҶ䣬Ũҵɢһ̫Σת
ɣ
ͨĮڣ貵ĴصۣһطҶɱ£




1873 ɱ似
ʮųʥƵ
ͻƵ߾ڵͨչֳǿʵּ𶯡
һطѹ磬Ҷѹ¡
ˣ
ҶͷɼײƬ⣬ڣͬʱ̫θ󣬻תƵ
Ҷһͷ˫ȭ̫еۺһֻȭӵ˼¡
ǶԼ似
ƽ͵ȭͰԾµħȭ似Ͳݴศɡ
飡
Ҷٴαɳȥˣܵ˷ĸˣ嶼ס
¡¡
ҶѪڣ޸˵壬˫Ĺâ־ɽ
Ӳ
ͨǷЦӶٴҶȥָƼǳƣһƬ
飡
ϢųǶ𶯣Ҷã֪жٹˣѪ
һղʥվϣ֮
ͨһ㣬ڻӶ־磬ɢǿʥ
ҶޱȣʥЩˣɼײƬĻ˿ѱʱˡ
Ҳ
ҶڱĴϣһŻȼգûƵɽˮĵز
ãԾʥս似ֶֻζѣǿĻ
һ̣ҶһΨд۲̤򾳽磬˼飬似Ժʣ޷ֱ˴ˣ

ҶһȫǣǿնŲƺΪһ壡
ž
Ҷ죬飬ɢֲϢ˫С̫һ㣬һâˡ
ˡ
Ҷԡһ㣬ɫĻ棬˼㣡
һ̣ȼ̥ȼ꣬ʹ嶼ˡ
ֲ͵۷壬һ㣬ΨаԪطڻת
֮ڵＤ໥ײ㽫˺ˣҿȼյѹһУ֣ͨԼѾˡ
һΣյĳԣ
ҵǡɹˣ
ݴת֮תݣγһ΢ƽ⣡
ˡ
ͻȻ˶ϱ۵Ůͷ񽫣ȱ˰ӵ
ţ
Ҷı仯ͨɫأԼ״̬ѣȳ֣˫˳ŷҶɱȥ
κⷢҪ콫Ҷɱκλᡣ
ֲʥˮķ
ֻأ
һȣҶٳʥ֮ƣһصȭͷϡ
䣡
Ҷ˫ȭһǰİ˷ֱӽͨĴִѪࡣ
ۡ
ֱͨ۱飬֮С
ҶһһƬѪ꣬ץѪ߹ǣž˵
䣡
תѪе
ܿ죬Ѫ߹ǻ˷ɻңɢ֮䣡

ͨҽУŭӡ
û뵽ҶȻôǿ󣬾ȻԼӶˣһ˿ԤС
ʲô似
ͨһҶ˿ֳ̱սֲ̫ˣȻܺôླо̫˼顣
ɱ似
Ҷ֪Լ״̬ܳ־ãȼһĳٽ㣬ͲϨˣֻԻ٣ᣬͨһٻɱ󻼣
䣡
սٴαҶ޵У߶ֻȭֲĻ֮ųǶ챻ˡ
ͨ𾪡ŭ־壬ָȫʩչ似ҶĹɱѪϷɽ
ۣ
ڴʱ䶸һʥͻأĴֱҶ״ȥҪһɱ
ˣ
Ҷתرʥ𶯣ͻȻתУѪһߴеظһֲ˺ۡ
Ȼ֪ûߣ
ҶЦӶֻȭֱӱʥɱȥ
ֻȭţ޿ɵֵ

ȻҶֻȭǰоԼС
һ̣ƴˣȼԼıԴֲʥӭҶȭͷ
Ȼ
ۣ
ֻȭǰκηͽ͵ģһ̯ࡣ
ҡ
һɫС˳ͨȥҪѰӻ
ǣȼ̥ҶٶѾﵽ˼£һɽתʱ䵹ߣ
գۼ䣬Ҷ嵽ǽɫС˵Ľǰһȣ깲ڣ˷ɻҡ

ͨУŭӣһѪڶ¡
Ҷģ㲻ú
̲ס˻𣬵ܸıʲô
ΪִߣǷǲħ棬˽ú㣡
Ҷϣشȫǡ
ͨԣɫ粻ǳѿ
Ҷ˵Ķʵ޷粵ܹҶħϸ
ûˡ
䣡
սҶսһ㣬ӶֻȭգƬնˡ
ֿͨʥ似׷ʩչ
Ȼֻȭǰе似ʧȥãݻ磬·ٵһ㡣
飡
ͨİӱҶ飬һѪһ㣬֫ĽԴܵ˴ˡ
ҶģĪ㻹ûгʥǰ·ܹɱ㣡
ͨĿڣ塣
ղô˵ֻ
Ҷɭĵ˵֪ҲħϸȴҪңǱø
㡭
ֱͨ¡
Ҫˣ
ҶȣڣѾûʲô˵ˣûκתء
ֻȭһƬգϹɱͨǱ似ãһʥը貵̻
ħϸҶڴˣλһɱⲣΪǿչ·
ͨĿ־ˣҺҶ⣬ʼӣٳлû뿪ǿһɱҶ
Ȼ
Ӧȴ޼һ߾ڵľʥˣȥ
һЩѪӿʿ赲Ҷ
ħϸ
߸ոտڣ㱻ҶһȭѪ
˿̵Ҷ޵еģͬʱҲǼΣյģ
Լ쵽ٽˣǲܼʱϨȼյ꣬ؽԻ٣˶Ȳ
ԣһ̣û˿ԥֹģһȭɱ飡
˻
һĻܶ໹ڳеʿ׷׾壬Ҳû˸ǰֹˡ
ӵģ
ҶݣɫĻ棬ͬȼһ㣬Ӷֻȭǰɱ
ͨҲ֪Ҷ״̬Բܳ־ãֻҪһʱ䣬Ҷ֮ء
֮ǰ뱣֤ԼȫܱҶ׷ϡ
ȻҶȥҲᣬһ¸ֳһƬص·ɲǼ׷
ۣ
ҶٴδֻȭЮ֮ͨ壬һ״
Ϊǿչ·ϵִߣѾܶûгζˣٴ鵽
򣡡
Ҷһȣ깲£һϵַзɳһӽͨ곹ĥˡ
Ҳİ
ͨʵһ仰껯⣬ɢããǿ֮У




1874 ͣǾ棡
ͷһ̣ͨǻںޣǲʣѾҪˡ
ѡ˶ֱѾע
ųһܶڻ̻̣Ҷɱ䣡
Ȼ˿ųҲûֹܹˡ
ħϸĻϷŹ᣿
ųǣʮˣʿӶ࣬ҲһЩĴңδȥߡ
ҶɱĻһƽ٣֪ж˻̫ܿ
ܶ˶ĿͶ˿еҶ˻ֺ̿Ͳ
ҶѵϨȼյȴ̥Ѿˣһ̫ͼڻת̫ͼΧǰԪطģγ˰ԵͼΡ
̫ԣ
Ҷˣ
ôҲû뵽Ƹ۵һȼ̥Ȼһ
ΪˣԻĹϵĻȻǷǳ˽ġ
ʦаһӼң֪ʶԣڹŴһЩ˵ףȻǳ졣
ţͯҲй׾ׯӵңεȵصĹŵ䡣
޼̫̫ǣԡ
ĵУȴ̫ԵͼΣܲ𾪣
һҶԼĵڣصʧˣȫ̫֮С
ʮѨе̥ӰҲʧˣȡ֮һС͵״̫ͼһ׷ת
ˣ
ʶжһЩ֮ǰ̥ӰӡһͼԺп
ǡ
Ҷˣ
ԼԺУһ̥Ӱӡһ似
֮ǰδ⣬ڿǾһ似
֮УҶþûж·һһ㣬Ψǳڻ˸
̥Ӱ似Դֻȭ໥ӡ֤Щ֮ȷֻȭȭ壡
һ컯
ƾ似ֻȭȫʽԴĵһȭҲǿһס
ͨˣȴ౦Ҷû뵽ġ
Ϊǿչ·ϵִߣһϸִߣɱ˶ᱦ˷ҡ
˿̣ЩȫҶС
ùһƿο֮һŨ籡ȻһƿҺ
ҶڣȣĵѸٲ˻
䡭
һʢѪһ˲񷣬ëж籡ɲǼ޸
һ̣Ҷ쳤Х
о˿ٺͨսĻ㲻ȼ̥꣬Ҳ֮ǰǱˡ
ϢϿգִ̧һӡ׷ӡˣĻ˴ڡ
ǲþ£
Ҷųеʿƽƽͣһ磬ųǡ
գһ飬Ҳħļϸ壬Ϊο˵ʵԼҲ֪޷Ǵ𰸡
ΧۼԽԽˣû˵
˿̣ѾЩҶĻˣħϸĻֻҪǱɣûҪǷϻ
Ҳħ壬ǿչ·Ͼûħļϸ
Ҷ˵ţħϸǱǿչ·ɱŵ˵һ飬˵һоħϸǵĹ·ѱնɱˣõĽһǵǰʮһǣڴڼ䣬˲׶ҳ֣ݹ飡
ǽͣǾ棡
һֱ˵ģɱˣǱΣҲԲ
۸֣ǲԸ
գҶ·̽һõһЩԴ
뿪ųǣǿչ·ʧãã֮С
һЩʿ½·Ҷǿƻɱǿչ·ִͨ˵ϢҲѸٴˡ
λһʥǿ䣬лһλͻƵ߾ڵִߣ
һɷ籩ϯǿչ·ǿչ·һ޴ĺ䶯
廹壬׷𾪣
ܶʶҶѾ𣬷߾۷ʥѹˡ
ѵĲħ壿
ڵ֪Ҷδɱ֮󣬺ܶ˶ڷ˼
ȻҲһЩ˼ᶨΪҶⲻϷã
ǿչ·ϣ۷׷ף˵ʲôĶУΪ۵㲻ֵͬҲڡ
ô˵鳯źõһ淢չˡ
ܱһ浹ĺã
˵ҶĻһãǿʼˡ
СӼֱˣ
ǿչ·ǺƦȸҲõϢĿ࣬Ƿĸ̾
̫ţˣʥǼֱǾɱû뵽СӾȻܷ̣ƽҲ˵
ûսǾͲҵˡ
ȸ˵
ҶսҲе𾪣СǰҪװһµġ
У
ǺƦ¶״ʾرӣ
ǰɣ
ȸӴߣĻһƣء
ϴ󣬱ᣬղǸþ
СһϽڣ¿ȸǣ
һϣȸʱʱĲһ٣Իֻսܴٽǿǿǿ಻ԡ
һη粨ܴҲ֪òƽ
ǿչ·޶ҲһЩţ𾪵Ըӣ
º֮ǱѾȷţҶʲôħļϸ˿ս֮󣬷׷׾Ϊˡ
ͬʱҲΪҶеǣ
ʣһսҶԼĺպǺųǿչ·ǿļˣҲս
ȻҲƵ˷˼⣬ǿչ·ϵִ߶նˣҪ֤Լ׾͸ˣû˻
Щʲôôǿ󣿡
ħ̾
ΪѾǳǿˣȴ֮⣬ҲХǿչ·
Ȼ
Ҷս̫Զˣ
̫뺷ˣʥǿ߰˵׾ˣ
Ƿĸп
ǿչ·ĥأǿʵȻҪҲǾԵģһִߵ֪ػֽɱҶǣ
Ҳ̫ģº˵ҶһıԼòʣЩҪҵҲôס

ǿչ·ϣĹ֮٣ܶ඼һƬŵǣûκڡ
һŻĹϣһ⽵䣬ͮͮŮһ㣬һɨǡ
Ҷֿ֮ͰǡƦȸҲûͬжñֿˡ
ˣ
Ĺϣһϯײһ
ͮͮ
һϲͮͮڵĵطһһ㣬ɢųҵĽ⡣
ǵһҶħϸϢݵ콾
˵ҶʮǷɱʥǿߺǿչ·ϵִ߶ɱˣ˾ʵħϸݡ
һ˷ܵͮͮ˵ţȴûпͮͮɫԽԽѿ
˵ûУ
ͮͮʵȥˣһϺȣੲݡ
ʲô˼ѵ㻹ǲҶľħϸôһɻ˵
ʵħĻΪ㻹ܻ㻹ܰϢ𣿡ͮͮʵ
⡭
࣬ſڽࡣ
ʵʤһУȻҶħϸĻܻ뿪˵Ϣȥˡ
ȻȴһС
ǲħļϸɱִߣԶϴˣضǿչ·ϣ񲻷˵
ͮͮĬһĵǡ


1875 ⻼
һתۣȥˡ
粨ǵûƽϢ֮ƣ
ǿչ·ϣ洦йҶڵʮųǵǾһսۣ
һʥųǵĳȴڵʮųˡ
ǿչ·˵ֱǸɳ֮أ
ܶ˶϶Ҷɱ̫أħϸɣ򲻿˿ֲս
Ҳ൱һΪҶħϸȻܵ˲ĴŻ˹նɱִ֮ͨ󣬵ʮųѾܹ⣬Ϊûǣ
Ҫ֪ħһԲбʱɢ֮
ʮųʮˣЩʲôģǵĻǵɢôӴ֮
ǿչ·ĳһųУ콾ӵҲ֪Ҷһ뺷ս
Ǽʯ
һ֣֮֮ɱһʥǿߣսǸоʵ
˿ֲս
ڷУ˫⣬
ȻоҶ֮ĲԽԽˣо˼飡
˭
ӣʵӣ̫֮ǰӡһΪܹճһ·߸ɱλ
ϸ̤ǿչ·þҶһսܱ㽫־ˡ
Ҷǿˣնһʥսǿչ·һô
Ҫ֪Ҷûжõ۱ƾսһ㡣
ӣ㲻Ҫ룬ʱգһǿģ
βŮ˵
֤֮·
һ̾ջĿ⣬һߵľβŮ
ӣиʡ
ţħǿţζŴԴ߹Ҷʵɱǣǻܻ𣿡
ס죡
ӻûпڣ׷Ƿ׷ŭţ壬졣
˵𣿡
ţ幣ŲӣһԴţۣˣʱŹǵģɱǣǾ⣬˵ĲħļϸǶԩˡ
ħϸҶɱôţѺƲǲħ壬
һǿĮ˵
ûѵ𣿵ǶھӢ˴УӶɱˣ˲ؽĴ󻼣
һӵ׷߸͵
ߣҲ嶯֣ԼͻὫɱ
βŮҧгݵ˵
֮ǰǴսУң󾡻٣Թ
ܵĻֻϵ·
į
ͬʱ޾ǿչ·ĺҲ֪飬ıˡ
ϴô죿
ɫ˵޼ϵǳû뵽޼ȻҶУ塣
ǰϴøɣҲ׷׿ڡ
ˣˣҶ߾ڵִ߶ˣսܿġ
ԺǾߣҪ࣬ããҪҵҲô׵ģĺ˵
ͨǾܽһ¾Ժ㿪Ҷһǿ߳棬ɱҶΪǳȥһв
ԺС£ûбҪϵһǽ֮أ𣿡
ĺûҪ飬ϵ¶
µӰԽԽ󣬲ķΧҲԽԽ㣬ǿչ·ԴǶ֪ˡ
ȻҲɹǵ磡
ȵõϢģ壬壡
Ϣص֮弸ˣž֡
׼ʣҾãӦɳһǿߣǿչ·콫ҶĻɱкšһۣ
Ҳ׷׸ͣΪӦöɳһǿߣҪҶκλᡣ
ҡͷǶˣҶôĻǾѻڣǻȻ˵Ҷδɱ֡
ǡ
˵ȵجĴ˵ʲôˡ
Ȼ
ûڣ׼ʳ۱˵⣬ҶǲħϸҪôԼǲҪ֡
׼ʣ¹ӵİΣ˼
һȺ¹ϣܹǲǿ߽ǿչ·նɱҶʵѰġ
ѾԣǹܺԼˡ
ϵȥ
õϢ󲻾ãҲõϢ׷𾪲ѡ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ҶʵȻ֮죬úܶѰ
λʥǿߡ
лһǿչ·ϵִߣȻһսȫսʵ̫Ի˵㡣

żң
̻Ի͵ĴУһȺ׷ԲԵ߾ۼһʲô
Ϊ׵ǹżҵһ߾۷ľʥǿߣѾ̫ϳϣλ磡
ټֻһĿģǿչ·նɱҶСΪ飬һ
żλ̫ϳϻϣϣƺΪȫ壬Ϊ顣
Ȼ߶֪ⲻһڣĿնɱҶΪ˱
Уж򱱲ҺܼңҲһЩϴںʥء
Ƕһͬص㣬ǾʥӻߴҶ֣֮ҶŲ֮
Ҳǹżҵľ֮
֪˸ûãϲ壬Ŵ󺷷ˣԺԺ۱ׯ˾ռ壬ЩҶǧ˿Ƶϵܳ֡
ʱϹְۣҶѾллˣָһȥΧҶ
ԣνǿչ·ΧҶģǺ޵ģԻ᲻ĳ֡
ҵȽ˶ԸԹǰ֮հƾߣ
һȺ׷ԲԵ߷׷׿ڣɱڣ۾˸Ĺâ
ǵľۻᣬûù۱ĶĿȼǿ߾ۻᣬҪϢĽУֱǲܵġ
ңҲ屻֪ΪǾãԼռ˴壬նɱħϸΪǹġ
үүүүһ£Ҳǿչ·ɣҶӣ
ͬʱҵԼүү졣
Ϊӵһ۱˵зǾŴ󺷷ɱǿչ·Ļ»ò˼ɵ
Сӣİɣµģɱǿˡ
Ц˵󻰷һתŵ˵ʵӵǿչ·ȥһ
ãȥ
һҧǿչ·ȥҶϣô˵ֵܣҲҪһ
ʡʡɣ
˺һҾôһӣָأʲУǿչ·̫пᣬҿɲװ
ô֪Ҿһ䣬˵һɱǿչ·ǿʧأ˹
Ϲֹʲôأʵұչȥ
һŽһɽڶڲ½ƣûм깦ء
ϲģǷǷнɽвҺ
Сӡ
Цõţȴǰۣ֤֮̾·ܲףҶСܿ˽٣˻ʲô


1876 ţ
۱ܲ
ΰĹŽ˵µĲɣÿһʯвΪ֪¡
ڵ֪˹żҵľֵ֮ǣļٵĸϵܲԼүү汣Ҷ
ţҶԲʲôħļϸ
Ѿͷ
ϸƷ΢ЦҵȻ֪Сħ壬ûУǳעҪпĵ·۾ģЩڤڤ֮һֿ顣
ÿһ۵𣬶սɱ콾ѪǵĻԻ͡
澳𣬲ŶֵʬǵǶ֤ϴ
ǰЩĥҶĥʯ
ܹâɣ澳ɱһ·䣬ⶼؾĹ̡
⼸ǾɱܻΣ𣿡ɵǲѡ
Ҷǿչ·ѾǾԵУѣټϹżҾһһǿɱǿչ·ĴӼѣʱп䡣
ɵѾͷİɣ
Ʒ׶Ц֮ǰʥľɱֲ֮Ǳƽ𣿶һսеʥţԲ䣬ֻ澳ǿ𡣡
˵Ʒ廰һתŵܶȹһ٣ûʸ֤ɵۣҲԺϲǵĿԣһֱûб̬ҲûгҪ˻ĥ
Ȼˣ׼ۼǿ֣߳ȻӲ֤֮·ûһ޵еģǲܴڶ콾֮ӱġ
үүķ齥侲
ߵǰңź嫵ǿգ⽥ᶨ˸ɡ
ţһһµ񻰣ҵ㡭ҫ
ңԶǿչ·һŻĹϣɽ۵Ҷ·У˫ۣâֱ̲񷡣
ӵʮų뿪֮һƬƬŵ˹һǺӣ˺üβŻĹϡ
ڽŹ֮ǰҶѰſƻĹϾȻ
Źϡ
һ֮̽Ҷµ֮У׵λѰʮ
һһһһ亱
ڵõЩ֮Ҷһɽ۲󷨣Ϣʮȫ
ڣ̫ͼԽҶҪͻƵĸо
ȻǾϵͻƣȻѾ۷壬ȴķ֣Լ𼶱ݼޱȣôͻƵġ
֮оԼѾﵽһٽ㣬ҪͻƵˡ
Ǹ֮ϲ
һξͻƵصʱɵģôĻۣڿҪͻˡ
ϲҶ侲
֪ʮǵ֤֮ԼףѶȸˡ
޼ͰﺮȻˣŨϢȴͨͻʱӴϦɢˡ
ʱûڳ޷֤ס
ʥǿУлһǿչ·ϵִߣǻĻ
ѣ
ҶҡͷȷŭΣ鷢չزԸȴҲֹ
ž
ˮתһ죬Ҷһӣǳƽͨ
Ҫ֤ԼףͲͣ½Ų뾡콫ħҳ
ǿտݼţ
ıò֮ҶٴγŹ˿ٳǿչ·ǰУʮһǸȥ
ۣ
ѪһͷСɽСǿޱҶһȭԴڷ
һ൱ڵͨǿޣǿУҲʵˡ
ϧҶעֻΪʳģ
䣡
ǿչ·ϣһȼգһĴ󶦣ǿ޵⡣
ˮð죬ҶѾȫˮԪصķܾۼеˮӣΪȪ
һɾ˵е⾧ӨɢŨ
㡢㣡
һԲӴԶ̬ˣ˸â
Ȼ׷ϵ
λ̨֪ɷǷһ
۾ĶųĴе飬Ӷɺˡ
Եλؿܳԣ
Ҷǳ󷽣ǿչ·ϣѾ¶˺ܾãиȻǺõġ
⣬ҲЩ˿˽һµĶ̬
飡
óһ̳̳ƣߣӴһ龫⣬ȲĴԵ͡
̨˺ˬˣܶҶӵƢڡ
Ҷӹһ̳ԼҲһ̳ӣȥ⣬
ҶҲˬĹһھƣΧŴ󶦺ȵĲֺ
һͷǿ޵㹻˳Ըʹ졣
أҶǱ֪һĶжſĶԱ
һɱСӣǿչ·רɱǿޡ
֤֮·Ǹû
֪֪֮Լʺʵ޷͵ӡԼһЩ
ܴﵽ߾ھˡһ˵
ܽģ
仰ڵͨãͨãǿչ·Ҳһͨã
һٴԶȣҶǺܿʹһƬΪ޻̸ĺˡ
ҲֶһܴûӰ¶
ƺѾϰˣǱϴˣݡ
֣һʣи֮룬ܹӦ
Ժ֮󣬶һҶ룬ϣܼɱС飬ͬͬ⡣
ľúҶҶԸˬ̸²Ƕ̸Ļǿչ·ϾԲҡ
ã
ҶʹĴӦԼһױ¶һĻ㲻ױ¶ˡ
ʹ죡
ӴЦֵģϽǿչ·ϴԼţ
˵꣬üͷ˰죬ӦýʲôأһҪг쵱ƣ˹С
Σ彨
һȥʲô֣ףײͣӳ
ɱôһ˵
˼жԶҹԶ

˽ʾ֭˲֪֣ȴûһãöӿղѡ
֣ʲôý𣿡üͷ˴֣ͻȻһʰ󶦵Ҷѯʵ
ûУ
Ҷ൱ɴࡣ
ĵ£ò롣
˼ҳƽֵܣ֪ǲ֪ǣһȡʲô֣˰ˣӽѵ
ƽҶĻ
ߣȡС̳գƽ֡
˸̲ѣӣƽʲôû˵ҲܽԼ
󣬻ǶԼ˸ĵţ콫
ɱأ˰̡
ڶӵĴ£ĳˣ
ӣǵСĵ㣬ҶǸɱ񡣡
嵣ǵѵ
ⲻ֪ҶھߣΪǵĻ飡
ңûϢ
һĵ˵ҶĺգҴţҸսǿչ·ʱʱҶĸҵĶ֣ȭűʰķҵϴ󣬸һ˴꣬ҿʵڲһŽ߿ģʱʹ飬Ҷ˭һСܣǰˣҿ
Ŀɿڴױ٩ˡ
Ҳ̫ܴ˰ɣ


1877 ʮһ
ĭҷɣҶ˽ԼġԻʷ
ԼݺݱһҶЦѡ
ֻܸпû޳ܣֻи޳ܣ
һǸƷ
ò˵Ȼϲţʵǲġ
ҶԼսֵķǳƽӹ޼
ңҲֻ۷ľ磬Ȼͳϴ
һ·ϣӱֳĲٶȺʵһͷͷ·ǿɻɱ
Ҷ˸ûгֻ֣һԹۿ͵һͿǿܹϳŹеġ
ö޺ǹԵģǳѵãۣǹԪطö޺˾͹ˡ
ڻɱһͷ֮󣬶üЦԽ޺ڳ͸ۡ
ǳ󷽣һ·ϻɱǿޣһЩҪ֮⣬Ҷƽˡ
ۺȻǳмʵҲȷʵӣ׷׶¶֮顣
֪֮ȥ·һʵǿ󣬶Һˬ󷽵ϴҲ
ллϴ󣡡۽ӹ޺ˣӵл
лʲôһ֣ˬ˵ֻҪһ죬ôأҾԲΣգҶſԲԼֵܡ
ϴ䣡
û˵ģԺԺ͸Ŷϴˡ
ԶϴʵЩνӺСʡԲ졢ɵҲ
ʵԶӣҲûǿ֣߳ǿ˵Ƿǳƽ޾յߵһԶӸִ͹ά
һˣͲȻɫˡ
СʺͰԲ졢ʲôˣųǿչ·ǿߣǵ·ľߡ
Сһ۷ǿߣʮ㣡
Բͣһǣ㽫ǿչ·ϡ
Ҳ֮ˣǧ޶֣һǿչ·ʧ
ȻʵǺЩȻԶһ˶ѹ
ϲάǹάԼֵ۾гһ죬ҲĶˡ
άĻֲҪǮȻԼƨһһĵĶӻ̹ǧë׶ſˣֵУƮƮɡ
ϴȻ£п֤ɵۣѹʮأʱɱЩֵܰ
ҶĺЦӸȤҲŸһ䡣
ǵȻɵۣǶҵĻ
ƺ˵Ĵ֮УȻȻ˵
ϵĺɣʮ֮ǿչ·ʮһǣ
ԶԶأҶ㿴һΰľ޳ǿ֮Уˮǻųǡ
Ÿߴӣʮɣһͷ۾ǿеޣŴ͵ȴˡ
ǽ硣
߽ˣܹڳǽЩ߲ĺۼЩצģǸֵµģɼųǾٲҵս
Ŵ󿪣벻
ſڣ߳룬Щﶼǳǿ߾ʥޣɢſֲѹ

һѱһͷѪޣգһХ
ޣ
ԶˣӲźݺһŨ̵СֹţʲôүҲһʶ֪֪ү
ҶȻӣƤҲ߯˵ɣ
Ҫˣ
ҶипЩǻᱩ¶ݡ
ЩԲͬʲô˭Ҳ֪ѱм䲻ܹı仯
ô˵Ҫǣ̽һЩµϢԱ׼ȷжϡ
ʮһųǵĹģȵʮųҪС˺ܶ࣬ҲǳӴ󣬽ֵϵʯ⻬ޱȣⶼǱ˲ȳġ
ų̻ϢŨ˲٣ֵ֯еҲߣƮŻϵζ
ֵԣƮ㣬öӲϵĳӣöӹС
ܿ죬Ǳһһ㲻Ŀջаӳ£ÿҪһСԺɽˮˡ
֣ȥɣ
ҶոհûüСԺ㴫˶ӵȥȾơ
ҶȻܾܿ㻻һ·Ͷһľ¥
¥ܺãҶ˵˺һŵõλ
λүԵʲô
ǸոһƱ߹ĽѾܸɾϸĲһ顣
õľϣʲôʱ˵ͣͣӺƵ˵
ţƽͷһܿȥˡ
ʱһ߹˵ϲˮм䣬תæȥˡ
¥ʳͺܶ࣬󲿷ֶߣһȻһЩйǿչ·顣
˵һűɱˣֳأԣǸҶħϸɵģ
ɱħϸôأ
ǸǸӰʮﵽ۷徳磬ɾͲ
ܿ죬ҶһϢܶ˶ۣһǿ߱˻ɱˣ״ҡ
ʣ϶ĺЩħǿǸɵġ
Ȼʺȴͷϣ˶ΪɵģҶпЦѡ
һʱҶʶ˲ڼȫ˶϶ħϸ׺ݲбֽƻ
ǿûվΪ壬ԺϲûκαʾƺĬħϸ˵
ңھ۱ҲˣһеһУļ֤ʵ˵Ĳ²⡣
˵ԹżΪףʮʥһֽǿչ·ıҪҶħϸɱֿˡ
Ҷһʿģ߿ڣ˵
Ҳ˵ˣҶβӣԶҲؽɱû˿
Χ˸˵һ·һɼħϸҶǶѹ
ЩϢ֮Ҷ̲סЦѩϼ˪ǰžǣ
ʱ򲻿ɱ¶вأһס·һ
Ѿûе۱ˣ̵۱ɨۣһжֻܿԼ
Ʋڶӵк£˿ʼƱյߺȱ
ҶΧ̸õ˲õϢ
ʮһǲûʲôҲûʲôԵֻһתվֻҪһϢĵطųǡ
Ϣ˾ͿʱǰһأȴҪһƣ֤Ǵӵʮһǳģ
¥ӣ˵ɤž
ĭҷɵĽԼԻ͹ȥʱ¥ݿһҵĽŲ
ܿ죬ߵ˾¥
ȻģǵĿԽˣ٩٩̸Ķϡ
ģ֮о࣬벻עĿܡ
ӣɫһ䣬ܿȥ
û뵽㻹Űһһ˵
ĸ˵ڷƨţ
Ͷ䣬۾һɵɱɢ
ߣ
Ϊ׵Ǹһ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬶ӣҿĶܣ
ܣЦүΪʲôҪܣӷƤ˵


1878 ʮ
Ӻܻ룡
Ҷ֪˫Թĸ̾
ԭڸսǿչ·󲻾ãҲǴһǳȥ֮⼸һŲƵĹѰҵһЩʡ
Щ۶ʥУĪĺô
Щʱӡڵغ֮Уʮ˵ǿķӡƳ
⼸˷˾ţ֮һƿӡʵϢŨˡ
Ƴһӡ׼ȡʵʱ򣬶Ӵ˹˵һٺǱס
ɱ˰Ŀɽȡˡ
˱Լһȴͽ£ӣһѵĿ
ץǣÿ˵ʵȶǿ󣬵Ƴӡʱ˴ԭʵʮ֮һӲ
Ҷ͵ϮϢǷӦʱѾˡ
һ̫ȱˣҶп
ǿչ·ϣԵɱ˶ᱦżʣĻͷһ˵
ӻģ֮󣬲ûнǸϾɱֱﳤȥһޱȷɧıӰ
˸λ󶯣Щը˷Σȴ޿κΣֻĿȥ
⼸˻ָһЩ֮ҧгݵķģһҪӾһ˵ơ
Թ죬ɼǶôĻˡ
ӣѾ̫ˡ
ƳӡȻ·ժӡ
Ͻʹ黹ǣϧս
¥Уƿڴĭҷɣ̼Ӷˡ
Ӧңүңˣǻ𣿡
ڣһ仰㽫Ƕ˻ȥɫֻ࣬ʣɱ
ҶԹۣͷ˾ȻѾǰ벽߾ʵ൱ֲ
սĻǿԲ⼸˵Ķ֡
Ӻ⣬ڹųϽ˽ģһ֣ؽϳ͡
¥£һĮʿѲߣʱֹܳսķ
ЩʿҲߣڵ·ʧˣûٻصعųǡ
Ϊ·ϵʧߣвʣЩǷǳӣлֵĻԲ
⼸Ҳ֪Բڹųжֻ֣ܿͷйߡ
Ȼһβڵ˿ãǸе
ӣ֣
Ϊ׵ҧгݵ˵Ҹѡһǹ黹ʣͷϴʵʵĴڳУԶҪǡ
ŻңӲм˵үŴģв㻹۵㡣
Ǹҵţ
Ϊ׵ɫ࣬ҶҲˣݺݵºݻ⼸뿪ˡ
ܲߣ
ٴȥĻоҪôԼҪôʧȥǵĶָɱӡ
һֶǺýͼһʱ֮죬˵ĻҲȻΪǹⲻҪĽ
ϴô죿
˴յӸǰһɫʵ
ǵʵȻУеģղΪ׵ʥǲǵ
ڣҲˣǸоǰ·һþп䡣
İɣһң
һ˿Ĺâ˵һʶˣǵҵűĻһ֪Ϊʲô죡
ϴа𣿡۾ãʵе㲻ף̲סȷϵ
ʲôȻаˣզأŲңӵۣӲǱӣ˵
أⲻԿ𣿼ȻаգٺòˡۼæЦ͡
Ȼ˵ĵҶǾڴţͶԷˣԿıȻǡ
ҶҲûвʲôɱأ֮󣬸似Ҳ˭˵ӾûһЩأ
С֮ǼȾ죬ֱǽ壬˶Щ֮ɢȥ
۵ֱ£Ϊٷ㻨ＫƷʯݳ޵Ĵ͡
صסҶϴ˸裬ϥڴϣϵת
ĹȻƣѾӳǿƣȻԺκһִ۹
뵽۱ȥ˽һĺ˵Ϣûȥ
ںܶ˶֪;۱ϵǳóȻȥ۱Ļ׻ᱻ˶ϣһ¶Σգ˾۱
һҹ޻
峿һŻһĺһƬɫĹԣų˹
ֵϿʼˣҶվƿеʱˬ
һ·ƣ͵ĹųϢһ졣
һ죬Ҷûڳеһɽ
ųΰһɽϡ棬ֲïԪ뵣
ҶɽУ綯ҶɳɳȪˮˣСϪˮȣȻ֮
ս˿̳׷Ȼ֮У·Ϊһ塣
ľϴ
ʵľصģûӦľ㾳ﵽˣܹӵսҲۿۣûˮĸо
ڶ죬ӱ㽫ټ龡·ȥǰѰһԵ
ϴҾãǻٵȵȰɣһǼһڰ·Ͼˡһɫ˵
ҲøٵȵȣǼһԲưոݣ϶ᱨġԺҲ͵
Ÿ磬ǵҲ磬ұ֤ǺˣЦһһɭȻɱ
֮ǰɱ֣ûΣϾԼ·ժӣǵĺ
겻ɢĻҲԲǸˣóʱ
ҶЩ棬֪Ӿʲôƣʮ㡣
ɺóӣ͸¶㣬ֻǷģһҶǳ֡
Ȼ˵ˣѵĻԵԼˣҲͲ˵ʲô
ܹ̤·ģмƲ磿ҲѪԵġ
ȷҪ·Ǳֱȥ
ҪǺܼ򵥣ҪһأҪг䷢ƣͺͨ뺺·һ
ڹųǵ룬ɻԻͣǳҡ
Ȼǰ·ϣҶǵõһõϢ
Ϊ˷ŵȫƾϲãһд궼ڳУȥȥų档
Ƴ֮⣬˶ûа䷢ʱۼߣڵ׵ĳع顣
ҶҹոջĿǰڳУûü
˳ģҶ˵֮󣬳ʲôҲûʣֱ׸ÿһöƣӡǣ֤Ҷʮһǡ
õ֮ûе飬ֱ뿪˳ŷȥ
˹ųǣҶһ챮ָʾĵ·
ʱһźСĹѰ˴ͼ̨
Ƕʯ֮˵˼̨նȥ


1879 Ʒʥ
ۣ
Ѫˮۼ׷׷ɣ
һͷ޺ʬһȭ˰ͷ­
κ֮һƬŵ򣬸ոճͨ⵽˴޵Ϯ
쳣ֱӭȥս
䣡
սƬڲһһǱ̻һըˡ
Ҷ˶㹻Զûܵ
ʱļսƬ򶼿챻ˡ
գͷ޻Ǳˡ
Ѫˮɽǿз·һѪꡣ
ǿУ޵ʬ£ɣͨɫƬһף˸
꣡
һ֣޵޺׸壬޺ˣʺãɡ
лϴ󣡡
üЦ̵ĽɢŨԪԵ޺
ö޺ˣԪطͱʵĸ򽫸ΪôǲԶġ
ޣö
лл͸ԵǿǺţ
׼ͷ޵ʬʱһŪζǶ
˳Ҷǵ֮УȻ֮ǰڵʮһǾ¥Ǽˡ
ٶȺܿ죬գۼ㵽ǽǰɺΧ֮ƽǰΧм䡣
⼸˶ǳǿȻδ֣ÿ϶ɢǿϢ
Ϊ׵ˣʥ
벽߾ѾɢһƵʥѹˡ
˷·ڿһҶˣ߸ϣгϷʺͲм
⣡
۵һо²
ʲôʲô
µľǱ⼸˶ڰϣǱ
һսǲɱˣ϶ɫ
Ϊ׵˿۷壬벽߾ǿߣǿչ·ҲܹŽ֮ڣܿġ
ô
ƤЦɫص˵
ô
Ϊ׵˴Цܼ򵥣еĶȫȻǿͷϴҿԿǷһ򡭡
˵ͣһ£ŵ㶮ġ
ǼϹۣȻѡһ𣬼ֱһ硣ɨҶˣĮ˵
쵰
ӲȻŭȻϲţѾǹŵȳǳ
һ·ѾҶ˵˿빲ֵܡ
̱˱Լ˵˵ֵΡ
ۣ֮ŭ
֪
Ϊ׵һһǰȥ˲佫ʮˡ
ӺȻɫæȭӭѪȣҵȭâա
䣡
˵ȭͷײ۵âһըһ㣬Ϣ
ۡ
ӵˣɫ䣬һѪǹĵɱ
˷׷׾ӵʵǷǳǿġ
ȻȴһˣҪѪɱɼΪ׵жôǿ
ſҲ÷ǳ𾪣Ѿվľֻۣһɴ𼶱ݣʥ߾
ϰ벽߾ˣ֪벽֮ȻԨ֮
Ϊ׵˽˰벽ȴѾ߾żܹӳһʥ
ҸղŵĳŵȻЧеĶͷϴȻԷŹһΪ׵һϷʵ˵
ӻǾ仰ȥġӲһǵѪգ˵
ҸǻˣûаסǾ͹ֲˡ
ЦһϢǣһʥȭգһǰǿȥ
Ҳ֪䱸һХѪɽŷʢľѪ˲񷣬˫ɭȻ⡣
ȭӭǧɱһʽֺȭͷصۺͷ
䣡
ǳײһֻϢ˵嶼ȼգųԡ
飡
ٴαɳһ·Ѫ˰ش
ⴵţ
Ҷҡͷ׶Զˡ
֮ǰקĸƵģʮ㣬ţƤ죬ΣţƤ˰ɣ
׼ˣΪٲֵĻӺܱܿ˼ŰС
Ȼţ˵㣬ԲΪҲˬ壬ҶȻȡ
һ·ϣӶǺչ˵ģڵľ磬ܶʱͲ֡
ڷ޺˵ʱҲչָٵ޺ˡȻҪ
Ҳһ·ɣ
Ҷ׼ֵʱ򣬶ԷʣµļһЦ߹ÿ϶εɱ⡣
ȻǽҶ˵˿ûзϡ
ǿܹһģʵҲǿĶȥ
Ҷ˼ڣһ۷ĶûС
ȴ۷壬Խսʵ
˵նɱҶһսԶûУһ˳ֱɵĽҶ˻ɱ
Ǳɱְ
һĻ۾ˣȵȻǲ֪ǾͲҪĺˡ
䣬һ䣬һʵɱڣ
ˣ
һϽӳͷǿҵʥȻһƷʥ
ʲô
ã
ӦͷľȻһƷʥ˶ɵˣǼʧ
Ϊ׵ǸǿҲˣôҲû뵽ϾȻмƷʥ
ϽӲʥжϳǾʥʥ
ʥһŭʬѪǧ
һջǾ˵֤һʥǿǴɱĻԿɵնɱʿ
߾һˮ룬ܶʿ棬޷ǼʥȻҲǳǿ
ǾʥļƷʥǾǧѾ飬ʶ
һʥһԿԺɨ߾һµʿ߾ڵʥδܿס
һ˲䣬ǵȫˡ
ԼƷʥǴе˿־壬ӺǶΪ࣬һȫ߶˲ɱǸһ
һ̣еĸܵв
ϻ㵱ǲè
ӳĴ߶ϽӣƷʥȫ渴գɢǿ塣
ߣ
˸ֻӬһĵҪȴҲ֪ԼƷʥû˿ᣬֻ˵
ߣ𣿡
һƴ߶Ʒʥֲһ
ˣ
ϽһһۿɼӲ˲׷˼ˡ
ۡۡۡ
죬Ӳû˿ĻᣬֱӱѪ궼ˡ
ģӣӣ
Ͻӣһһöָĵҩȥ
ЩȻӲѪЩһЩ޺˺
΢ָһҶߣ˵ģڸղ¶ûҶӣǶǺģЩսƷǾȥ˰ɣһЩܹٻָĵҩˡ
ϴⲻʰɣ˵
ǰϴҲûʲôô˼ֵñأԺҲ˵
ûʲôʵģҵСܣҵȻҪˣʲôôҶռĻһôǵϴ󣿶ϻˣϽǺü·Ӵһӣƣһ۵İ
ЩսƷûˣǱɣ
ڴʱһɭɭһ㣬ƮѲ⡭


1880 ײ
ɭɭӾĵظдһ㣬˸ⲻ
˭ӹһȣܲ鿴
ΪԼ׳ΪЩ𣬴ӹͷð
Ȼ˸ղžڸĿսĹ̡
ʱ򻹸ɶԼʵš
ƷʥϽӣǿ
Ӳһκ֮ﶼᱻ촷ۡ
ϧٴδ߶ɱˣֻƣϣܰѶԷߡ
ٺٺٺ١
һҹɰЦдԶһŤ߳һĿΰӣ˫ɫĹâ
òǳа죬԰׵ʯ̶ɣɢа
ˣҶо𶯣۾˲һŭѹֲסıŷ
аӲǱˣħʮǿڰ˵ơ
սթֶβ̶ѡʱ򣬷Ǻһѡ֣С
űܵĳӣһɱߵġ
һ̣Ҷ벻һеĳ֣סΪԼ
ȻҲ֪ҪƼǲܵģһʧ֣пľѡԱκκۼ
īˣ£Աһ˼ߣԼ뷨Ӱ
ǰ֮ͬ飬ԸٷڶΡ
һʱ䣬ԥˣ֪ôźá
ԥͬʱħƳˡ
ĻһϢһĳ󣬹ɭɭ
ӻܵգڼ䲻ݷ֮ʼϽӵԼǰ
ž
ƿƽһƣȻϽһӡЩ֮ķˡ
飡
ٴηѣһ㣬ƮдУÿһĳĹХɱ
ĵ㺮ƴ߶ϽӣһӲɱȥ
Ӳǿն飬νﲻƣҡ
ȻĹޣָղǿֲҲ˵ܿסġ
һ̣ӼƴԼǰ·ժӣԼĺ
ˣ
Ũҵ֮ȶһڵͷ֣ħ⣬ɵĽӲˡ
ʲôֶζʹɣ˵ûǻᣡ
Ʒǳ򶨣Ǵһ˿мЦݣݵĿڣûнǷ
ţҲûнҶ
Ϊ˿ҶԾûչֳԼʵĿǳͨǿչ·ĸǳ洦ɼͨһû˿ص㡣
֮
ʧһ˫С۾˲Բˡ
۵ҲͷҲһȵ֮ͷʱһ㲻Ӱ
㡢㡢Ҷ
˾־嵽˼㣬û뵽Ȼɱ˿ħħϸҶǸе˾
ǻ㱿
΢΢һЦ¶Ұ׵ݣ϶ǵĲ²⡣
ҾҶ𰸻𣿡
ĬȻһҡ
֮ǰһЩϢħϸҶײ֣һֱǾɱĿǰΪֹûܹл뿪
ʱǵڱ̣Ҷǻȥ
ˣĴ𰸣ȥɣĮ˵ǷģһԼӡǣЩĴ֪ҵǰɱͶӦбꡣ
Ҷģʶʶʲô岻裡Ӵ𣬻ǳƤһ档
һ̣ȼԼ׼ƴˣ
˵úãϴһݣ
ܵӵĸȾ۵Ҳ׷ȼԼҲҪԷش
ȻˣƴƣܾˣͬھǾõĽˡ
ܹΪǿչ·һ޷ˣ֪Ҳῶ
ΨҶûжԾվԭأй˸
ֵܣǲסߡӴҶЩ
һ̣ȫû뵽ԼİΣĿУֵܱԼҪ
仰Ҷһůǿչ·ϣһλܹԼֵܣ㹻ˡ
ߣЦ˭Ҳ߲ˣҵĲƷɣ
ȷţ
Ҷĸ䣬·һ겻
ڶ˵Ǿ䡰ǲסߡĻ֮Ѿ׽ţЩٵӵֵܣ빲ֵܡ
ִһ⣬ʧʣһ紩Խռһ㣬վǰ
Ƕ˿ңҪ˷ԼˡҶݵ˵
㣿
˳ˣʲô
ǵӡУƽһڵͨʿʵƽӹǿʱҶħϸⲻ
Ҳܸжܹʱվûѡߣֵܡ
ֵܣ㡭˵Ȼ㲻ԸֵܾͲһսսȪ·Ҳи
Ȼû˵꣬ҶֹƽĵʲôҲ˵ˣϨȼյ
СӣҺĵȻ㼱ѰҾͳȫ㡣
Цһ߶ڵãһĹֱҶüȥ
䣡
ҶһȭҵȭâɫĽƬֱӽĹˡ
Ϊݣûжֻ֮֮
֮ϢĿǣȻҶõķǳޣǧɱ۵ʥݻ似Ҳӵв˼ΰ
䣡
һ̣ҶԼɱ⣬ɱŭһ㣬ϯƬǿա
ɱ
Ҷһȣʥݻȭһ޵еİھ۵ǧŰһ㣬ʮ㡣
ৣ
ҶһֳһƬضģ·һ⣬˿ռ˲Ƶǰһȭȥ
ȭȻֻǵϵһ似ھҶǧɱ۵ʥݻ֮ʱ̻Ϊ档
һ̣·ƬؾԵİһ㣬Ӿʮأ˿ƥС
飡
ɫȭͷݺݻڵϣһǰİҶһȭӲֵܹƷʥħˣһϸϸѺ۳֮ϡ
ƴ󾪣ħ͸ħһʥͷǼɣȻûȴҲޱȣ˵˵ȭͷˣͬȼʥδܴ
ڣһͨʿȻˣܲ
飡
ҶڶȭûлεʽΨ޼᲻ݵȭص֮ϣ𶯡
꣡
һһĴѷ֣ͷҪˣֲϢ

Ҷڷ裬ȭɫȭͷţֱӽڵͷˡ

ɫ䣬ܵ˼ĳħǳõ֮㵱Լر궼УʱſһѪ
ӵѾɵˣôҲû뵽ҶȻͣȻֲħˣҪǿ
䣡
Ҷ˿κδϢ֮ʥݻȭ˲񷣬˭ΩҶš
飡
ưֿٰ似ȻҶֿ˫ǿȭǰһжͽ͵ġ
飡
˫ըһѪ꣬ҲҶȭͷ±Ѫֱ࣬ӱˡ
𡭡
ƾֵĴ֣Լ֮Ų˶֣ͷ­סˡ
飡
ͷ­ըѪĽȴû˿Ѫֻпֲ֮·һƬ

ƾֵĴУͷ­гһ⣬Զɶݡ
֪Լʧˣ׵ʧˣһ͸ǿ
ܣûҵͬ⣬ܵ𣿡Ҷһߣִһֻ˵ޣۡ
Ȼ޵һɲǣˡ
ȻҪǻĻ
ڿֲħǶų֮ޣһλǿߵѪɵģѹ˵꣬벻ʶܡ
֮ޣҲҶݣϧѾ̫ˣ
֮޷ֲ˲佫ڹ֮ϣγһصķš
ϸ֮£۵Ѿĳ˲һķš
ÿһŶһӡڹϵꡣ
һ䱯ҵľӡڹ֮ϣͬ׹óҪԱ
Ҳ벻һԼ


1881 ʶ®ɽĿ
֮
ħ磬ҲǸɵĴڡ
ݴ˵һλ׼۾ǿߵѪɵģĪ
ֱڣҲûиħܹŪħ޾жٹܡ
һΪ֪Ĺܱǽ˵꣬ħ廹壬һɱ㱻ڹ֮ϡ
ԸҲԸֲ֮ϡ
ϧʱѾɼˡ
ǿҵԹͲУ곹ױѹԱֻ֮֮ʹ
ǿ£һƬĹͷѪƮڿС
ƬĹͷѪ֮УһЩ֮˺һ׾ĹǾ
ڵͷħѾҶˣƵƬֲϢ
ֳһƬž
ȫˣҶչֳǿս𺳵Ըӡ
ԳҶħǿߺǿƷʥκβ
ȻҶǰȴΪߣûУֱӱҶǿƴ򵽱
սĪ̾磡
ݵ֮󣬶ȷӦһҶ˵ƽֵܣл֮۲ʶۣ֮ǰίˡ
ĵҶл
ҶǿƳ֣ںʬǿյľˣ
֮Ϊ
ӵͱʾԺɱСӱҶհɱСӵĶӳˡ
ڶӿ֮Ҳع׷Ҷʾм֮Ա
һ̣ǿҶ񶼱ˣ
֮ǰҶֵ൱ƽӹûô֣ȻҶֵܣжЩӡ
ֻΪҶյһֺǶõ˲ٺôû˵ʲô
ڹǻЩƲҶΪɱСǺԱ
ȻڣҶȴʵжʲôǿߣ
Ҷֵһ̣·һ۰İɢ֮
һ̣صǣ縩ӾʮصĴۣѹ
𣬳ƽֵܾɱСӵĶӳˣһӭ
ӿڣһͷҲ׷׸ͣһݵĿ
һ̣ҶĿеǵĹǣ䣡
ӳ㻹ǶӳʵܴһУҶϵ˵
ԼʺһӳȴǳʺϣһŹŵȳģΪ߲嵶
˲ܹҵľһ𣬶ȴóһ㡣
ңҪߵ·ЩעǲͬģӳҲ̫ã
һŶӣҪ˸ʵУֻҪ˸㹻ˡ
ϴͱƴˣ˵һϿҡ
ϴԺǶӳˣǰʲôĵطɲ׼˰ƤЦ˵һǷļ
ԺΪľګԴǣ˿һ仰Ҳû˵ҶĿУ˳֮顣
ǿߣǿչ·˵磬بŲ
ӳȽϺʣĲʺϴ󡣡Ҷƴǣӳ
ǽεսƷһ£µħ͹Ǿ֮ĺͱȫƽָǡ
ǾһħҪܴ֮߶Ҳûãк
ЩħҲͬˣͨʿ֮ǳִ޷ʹá
֮ͬǵκӰ죬ܹΪԴȪ
ѵǸҶĲħϸ˵ħϸǱǿչ·
ֱ˿̣ǲŻع
ȻòаӾԲǿչ·ޱ߷籩Ҷߵʵ̫
ڲǰҶʮǵĳǿչ·ִͨʥǿǿƻˡ
ҶĻƽʵôǿҲɽɱ
ҪǣòаӸûչֳӦǿʵǺм֮Ҷݿ࣬ժβһһ·ǿѹֱӴˡ
Ҷ˵ƽ˼һδ˵أܾս
Ǵ˿ȫƽҶ֣Ҷ̹׵ĸԼҶǶδػš
ҾãҶĿ϶ħϸɣ嶼֤ʵ֮ԲдġԺصĿڡ
ҲΪҶıħļϸ֮⣬ӦûħļϸͬʱǱǿչ·ֵնɱ֮һҲ˵
пܣγֿΪǿչ·һ󹦣Ӧܵ͡
Ҳͣ˶ΪҶ϶ħļϸֻڶħϸеһ
¶ԼȴħļϸһֶָΡ
˵Ŀⶼϣħϸܹ޼ɵˡ
ֻҪһûбնɱܻǿչ·Զƽ
ʵϣǿչ·ӿܶеٮٮ߶ĦȭƣԾԾԣҪҶɱʾԼʵ
֮УҶһǷнϵ·ʸһˣΨнսܻնɱʸΪǿߡ
˵Ĳ²ͻɣҶûпڽͣǰоȽʣµħȫɱ֤֮Լף㹫սĻҲ޼£һЩ⡣
ڴս֮ǰִһ⣬ǽһм¼ܵ˰գķչϸļ¼
ɳΪԼߡ
ս֮˶ܽţƣǶӣЩѡ
ҶǾĶ֮˱ܿ뿪Ƭ챮ָʾĵ·ǰС
ʱǽһƬ嫵ĴϣһŵأϹʱڵǿ߿ٳС硣
ŵУû֮⣬ɽɭֲԭޣӦоС
ǽһƬɽУãɽб⣬ɵĴΪ˿еʳһ⸬ڻ·˵
̫ˣ۳Եͣ䣬
Ӱһ̳̳ƣ˿
⼸ǵճôһأ˳Եûȣ嶼ըˡ
ʣݳ޵Ĵͣ˵ʴкôǸոմսĶӣǼ
˳Եþ˵ʱҶͻȻɫһԼȡǼǾĲ
ˢ
Ĺ⻪һײҲҵĹǾģ񻪰Ĺâ
ͬʱ֮ϷӡҲӦԼרֵܽʹϢĹǾ˲ʱд󼱡
Ϊ˷ֹǵݱ¶ǣˣħǾ˼ԵĽƣֻҪˣǾ֮Ի٣׼ۼǿ߲ܶס
һ㱣֤Ǽ˱ɱҲڹǾС
Ȼǧ㣬ôҲû㵽Ҷӵ֮ޣûнɱǽ곹׽ˡ
ûǾȻҲͲԻˣҶȫͨǾ˵Ķ򣬴Ӷ׼ɱ
ֵע⣬ҵõϢһλˣڵʮ˳пԵǷ׷׸ʮ˳ǣһЩ˺Զ߶ͷɱ˻
˸֮Уʮ˳ǣͬʱŻɱһЩɵۺǱǿţɻңΣֹǵõδԵ


1882 ŷ
ȫõħԣҶ֮⣬㱻˵õûã޷ƽ⴫ѶϢ˵ظˡ
ڵ֪Ϣ֮Ҷһ⣬Ǿдһβֻ֣յ
ǰʮ˳ǣȥԵͬʱһħʣµļ콾
ֵܣӸõģ
۴չĿҶ״ĹǾʵ
ݵİɣҶ΢Ц˵
ۣ
һھˮЩǺԼ
Ц˵ֵܣĬ
峿ƮһʪϢ¶ع˸ɫʮ⡣
Ҷ뿪Ƭŵأٴ̤̣
ƬŵȻԪȴûǿޣҲû̫ĵر
Ȼ֮ǰ·ɨһˣҲûʲôġ
·ۣǿ·ϣ
ʮ˳пԵϢܿ·ϴˣ̤̣׼ʮ˳
һЩѹʮ˳ǵǿҲ׷׵ͷɱ˻úܶ߸еѹ
һʱ䣬ǿչ·ˣйʮ˳ǿԵۡ
ʮ˳ǵĳʱоѹôѱ߹ͬʮ˳ǣ֪ǳʲô
ЩԲͬ򣬶һۣҪʵʵĵȴԵǲܵġ
ҪǣħϸҶδץ˿̵սܹǿչ·ļ𼶵ǿһƴ¡
ųǣؽһѣ
Ϊˣǿչ·ϵִȫˣкܶ඼߾۷һǿߣǿչ·
Щһɱڣǿչ·
һǿߣСʵȼ֮⣬ǵʱ򣬼ûз֮
ҶɱһִߣȺϼһǸλ󶯣еûӡ
ΪҶִߵϣҪϳͣЧȡ
ʮ˳ǡ
Ӱǿ֮У˿Ӣһ⣬еoٳ
ԶǾβŮһ׷ߣ
ǿչ·һɲݺӵ
˵ģƾݣ岻ˡ
Żӣм
˴ۻ߹ŻѪǣǵ·ľ֮һ
߰ɣҲȥʮ˳ǣ
˵꣬Ӽݣ׷ȫЮУɲǼʧǿ֮С
ӵݾãǿչ·κһǳؼɵĴжܽơ
ҲǹŻʹŵõһЩȨ
ݣҪǿչ·޴Ĺײпܱ
е˼
һϣ»ʴº˫ա
ںܶ˶ʮ˳Ǹȥˣ﾿ʲôԵ
º̩ҡͷԣһ˵̾
սεԡѪɱһЩһЩɱʡ
ԣʵǿˣΪĵ۴ˣŨǿĸ
ԣս֮࣬ʱʱĻҡͷԵгһЩѾ䡣
ʷԳ־ֲ̩ĵط
֪ȴ֪ˣ˵һų㾡£޲Ӧ顣ºƽ˵
ô˵ʮ˳ǻпԵˣǲҲȥո֣룬ҶֵӦòⳡԵɣû׼ǻڳкء
ħֵ߹ҧһݾһɵӣһӣ
ȻˣҲֻ̩޶ºܿƦƦһ档
Լ϶ͷӵʱǱһٱһ
ӺãӰ죬û취
εѪսʵҲʶǱؽ壬ܴﵽǿ
֮ǰһֱڳƤڵԷʶԼʶΪ
ҲΪԭƴԼʶԼʶǿȵںϵʱиǿıǮȥͶԷʶ
ôûãںϵʱ򣬱ȻҵʶΪֻܱںϣΪʶߵˡ
ʱʱģħӣԼԽС
ӸͲĵĿеҰζӦǷôħһȭڿϵĸоȫû㡣
Ҳȥһȵ˵
ЩսԽˣͶ㶼һ˻ʵķ緶
Թһ˵ݣǿչ·ʮ˳Ǹȥ
ʮ˳ǽпԵħȻûǱ룬ˮ㣬ҲȥΪ御һౡ֮
ŵأͮͮңǿգƽĿڣһ⣬Ů
ҶľԲᡣս죬һ˴ǹɢſµϢ
Ҹ˵ٴˣҶħļϸܲܲҪôĳɼ
ͮͮüںڰʱп֣ܳڲȥĻֻʹ߿죬ѵ㶼û뵽𣿡
ҡ񲻸ʣȴҲҺͮͮ죬ֻܱ졣
һֱսҶϴˢԼĳ衣
߰ɣȥʮ˳ǣ
ͮͮ̾˿Ȼ֪ûôתҶĳɼҪʱ䡣
ʮ˳ôԵֻҵġ
һԪŨɽͷϣһħһվ޾ǿգƽ˵
ڷ裬ٲһ㣬ɢű⣬˫䣬ɱɢֲϢ
ɽͷһͷ޶ûУĳ棬ֻз紵Ҷɳɳ
ҽʥעҪ֤û赲ҵĽŲħһʮء
Ҫ֪ǽʥǱɹǸǿ
ƽĿڣĮȴԶ죬ƬΪ֮𶯡
ʥǺɹͷԹԣĳޣ޷⡣
ʥۣͬ߳ǵӣѪ似˿ºǲ
ֻǣһֱܿƣһս֮ǰ棬ΪǶڼɵԷûо԰֮ǰ
ͽʥǵȴ÷ǳңֻҪ˫棬ȻҪѡ
ʮ˳ǿԵϢ㣬ǿչ·ÿһ䡣
Ϊ̤̣ʮ˳ǸȥҪ⻹֪ʲôĿԵ
ʮǿУҶ˼κɣǿչ·ĵʮǡ
ǿչ·ϵĹųǣģдСһģУɢʥĹԡ
ʮˣصĳţ߲ĳǽһӶɱȻʿųûʲô
ųǳµĲɣеĽֵǳ⻬Ǳ˲̤ġ
ڿĽֵϣңԶʱڣдҲٴפ㣬ɱԵ
Ѱһҿջסϴȥһ糾򵥳˵㶫
ȥʮ˳ԷʱҶ˵
ʲô
˳Ծʮ˳ѾһƬ֮ˣʵõĻȥ˵
ǧһԵǻѪˮ̹ͷ
ȥʮ˳ǣҶٴ˵
Уȥɣ
ӳƬ̣˵ƾʵһ˿ĻᣬǾͲȥ˻ˮˡ
֪֪֮ôǿʮ˳ǣвСǿߺ͵ӣȥ˾ڻңû׼Եпڻսɥ
ΪС룬˹ϾҶֵ
ǺҶҪߵ޵е·Ȼʱ
ǣܹͻƵ߾һʥǿ߾ͺˡ
룬ʥǿǵĹѾܹ۰һݳ۵İˡ
˵·̫пᣬǲߵģ


1883 
ĴսܶǶУһƬ
һƵĹϣ׹ǱأûκֻŨϢ
һ磬ûκѤõĹʣֻ谵İϰ׹Ҳ֪ɣǹǷۡ
û֪˶˲ֲֿ
һŴ״İ׹ɽۣһߴħӰ
ѡط
ϵͻأǵߴħӰʱһĹա
ʲôˣ
ߴħӰħ¶԰׵ݣȻħһĺ
ýţҲɱ㣬һʬˡ
ϵûǳƮ׽
ǰкָ̣
ĺ飬ħϹŵ˵
µˣ
ϵǳȣͬħϹŵԻش
һ󲨶һĸɿݵ߳ڰ׹ɽǰźɫĴ״ݡ
ôˣû뵽һܼˣ
ĸɿݵ˵޵ĸп
ǰ㡭
ĺ𾪣û뵽ǿչ·ϣȻһħǰڣ̫˼ˡ
ôôģ
û뵽ǲǣƺ뷨ɿЦ˵
ǵģĺʵʵĳϡ
λħǰǰоԼûκܣȫˡ
ϸԪǿչ·ġ
渵ԼЩľĺ˵һ飬ѯǵļƻ
Դ·ϴħϢ֮һֱڹעͨħеϢطĺˡ
ҶҲעҶڷ˼ϣٹأóȻȥ׽Լݱ¶
ԣȥǾĺ˽ڹؼʱһ֮
ǿչ·Ǳ˶ãӹħ壬һ޷ı䡣
࣬ı죡
仰ٺʲˡ
ǵļƻǣοԵĻᣬǱʮ˳ǣŻϮɱһЩ֤Ǳ޴ţңΣֹǵõδԵ
ĺԼļƻħߺгûа㱣
ţԼļƻ޷ģôУͰɱģܻɵͷϡ
㻳ҲûãֻҪǲ¶Լħݣǲľǿչ·ϵִҲܽǵɱ
ţƻ
ɿߵͷɭɭ⣬һ㡣
лǰͣĺǫ˵ЩССϲ
Ȼû˷ܾȥ㱻ɿ߶ͷһˮһѹ
ƻǲȴ©һĵطǾǡ壡
ɿߺ˵ûһڵǸô죿
ǵαѪܹǿߣȴ壬ܹͨѪڵ֮һǣǾͱȻᱩ¶ʱ򣬵ȴǵֻ·һ
ⷬĺɫ䣬亹һˡ
ǰλħǰ˵ûαѪȻܹ壬ȴ޷塣
⣬֮ǳУֻҪӽǣȻܹڵĺ
ȷ©ǸɿߵѣǺܿʮ˳ȫû
ڸôأǰָ·֮࣬ĺɿ̵
ߣ
ɿһܸӦǵҲܹͬӦϵʥϢϷͳΪɨϰ
Ϊڻĺˣϧ¶ԼԳ֣ɱǿչ·ϵ塣
лǰĺһףԼĸм֮飡
ˣʮ˳ǻ֮ʣǾȥɣɱᾫӢ㱨Ϸˡ
ɿ߻ӻ֣Ӱһ֮Уƪʧˣ
𡭡
ĺһ׹ɽ壬Ӱʧԭأʮ˳Ǹȥ
ͬʱ
ݼŵǿչ·ϣһȺХ̤գ
һȺʥޣÿһǳǿɢſֲʥ
Ȼǵıȴһ߶ϣս£˸ɭȻĺ⣡
Ȼֻʮˣȴһһ쫷磬ǿչ·
ʮ֮ǿչ·۹صĳҪԳӭӣɼǵݶô硣
ʮʥǿߣлһЩǾʥǿߣܲ𾪣
һȺʲôˣ
Զȥ֮һЩ߾ȵѯʣ
ܿ죬ǵݱ㱻˳˲ǿչ·
ʮʥǿߣǴɹǶĿķǳԣɱħϸҶǿչ·һƬ
ҶǸħϸˣ
ʮʥǳبδеľɱ֮֡
Ƿ׷ۣΪҶξڽˣֻҪ֣ɣ
Թǿչ·ϣмΣ֣ҳɹƾ֡
ǵֶ棬վƬ۷壬壡
Сӿ϶ǰʮ˳ǣȥԵǾʮ˳ǵ
Ϊ׵߿ڣɭɢǿҵʥ
ҵҲģһƾ
ʥǿ߷׷׸ͣһūձϥǫࡣ
ǺãǾǰʮ˳ǣ
Ϊ׵˫ʥ⣬˺ʣ߶ޣ̤񷣬һǿչ·ȥ
ǹżҵ̫ϳϣʥǿҲһǸʥءϴڵ̫ϳϼǿߡ
ǽǿչ·֮󣬱̸һǣڴİ£ʮ˳Ǹȥ
һûݵģңУҲܸǣ
żҵһݣȴ˹ɣǲûȨã
Ҳ⣬ƾǵʵǿչ·ϣûʲô赲ǵĽŲ
ʥɢһЩǿ޾Զ֮ززˣҸ棡
һȺʥǿߣлоʥĴڣЩǿޣǴﵽ׼۾磬򲻿ܺһȺʥ⡣
Ȼǿչ·ϣܹﵽ׼۾޻ûгֹĳϵ޵дڣҲ뿪
ҪЩˣ
ż̫ϳ˵ʮ˳ǵĿԵ֮ڱȻ֣ǱҪڿԵ֮ǰϵûʲôˡ
һҪҶСնɱ󻼣ҵ̫ϳɫԹ
屻ҶˣӴһ겻Ҳ˴УҶĺϽˮ
ħϸ˵ö֮
Ϊǿչ·ɱⲣ

Ҳ׷ͣǵĴһ⵽ҶĴмʥغϴڵʥӶҶܴ裬ưոݣ
һʱ䣬ǿչ·ˡ


1884 
ڵʮųפ죬Ҷӵ˸ǣһ·
ʱޣ˷
ǿչ·ϣ߶ʮ˳ǾۼⳡԵ
ʱҴңת۱ǰ¹ȥˣ
УҶʮɱǿޣҲ̤ǿչ·ߡ
ǿչ·̫Σգܶ˶ǽУ·ļ亱
ȻЩϮɱʿ⵽ǿѹ
Ҷûɱǣǽϵʯͱҩȫѹ˹
Ͱһôʱ䣬ѹα˱Ҳ൱죬Щ͵Ϯʿᡣ
Ҷһͷﵽ߾ʥշˣ䵱Լ̤գʮ˳Ǹȥ
˶һѪɫսìһǿչ·Ϊһδ棡
ʮ۹أҶûκͣûнǣֱǿչ·ȥ
μ̨գҶһϣ
һƶǣԶԪϡ˷ָ֮󶼸оЩʡ
һ·ϣҶҲܶŵأǳȴټ
ӣȻݱ㷱ïȴʺ
ҶնܶԭסΪɣſڵĤݣеЦԷǡ
ʵϣڵҲˣܹʿҲǱͨ˵
·𿴵˵Ӱӣп
գһ۾ӵĳǳؽʶ͵õһе𾪵Ϣ
ڲǰһŮһȺɴﾭĴɽȥ
λУҶԿ϶ǸŮȻͮͮ
ôˣ
ҶΪ֮⣬ҲС
ɽʲô𣿡Ҷѯʡ
ܿ죬е֪޾ĺĴɽУƺ˸ƺʲôҪˡ
ǵĻԵʲô¡Ҷ
׼뿪ʱͻȻӦһɿֲϢĲӺĴɽʱɫһ䡣
ˢ
ӰһǰʧˣæڵϣϵĹݡ
һ̣Ҷ׷ǲӵ£һɽӵתͬԽռһ㣬һǧɡ
ܿ죬ӦһȵϢмʥϢ
ʣͮͮ鷳ˡ
ǲϢŨңʾǶֵħǿ߷ǳǿ
ҶĲ²ûд
ھңԶĺĴɽŮͮͮͽƴֵֿһħĸɿߡ
ǵսΧż߰׹ǣѪȫޣҡֲ

ɿЦҹɣ̶
һ˫ɿݵޱȣצһ㣬ָ糤˸ɫĹâ
ꡢꡭ
ɿÿһγֶǳһ˫צһĹâƵýͮͮ˲ϵˡ
֮ǰһļ콾ȫɿ߻ɱˣѪⶼڻˣΨǱ״ҡ
ôҲû뵽ƶϾȻһħͷħľ뢡
ȻսѪս˫ԾɲɿߵĶ֡

ŭХ似ƵƵͮͮศɣſס˸ɿ籩Ĺơ
ͮͮߣ
һƶ䣬սһ㣬ڷ裬ǿҵ⣬ͽӲɿߵĹȻѪȴһˡ
ߣ˭Ҳ߲ˣҪǣɿ߹ЦÿһýѪֹ
Χܶɽˣϱһֲѷ죬ݺύһ㡣
꣡
ɿһȭҵֱӽһɽˣˣֲϢֱӸʴ
¡¡
Ƭ֮ɽȻѣһƬ̳·һ㡣
ߣ㵲סġ
ͮͮ˵ͬʱһֵ֮ʴ
ϢǳУϢǵ˺Ҳǳ
ȻʥϢоϢãҲԵģϢ̫Ũǲ
֮ǰǼǿ߾ڴ֮£֮ʴѪ⣬궼ʴˡ
Ҳ̫ˣǿչ·ϣû˻ǳ֣Ҳз˾衣
ħɿʵ߾۷壬൱ھʥǿߣܿġ
ֵܹѾ漣ˣ
ͮͮⱲûʲô£㣬ߣ
񷢿ˣȼԼԴս£һ˷̽ۼһâ
ⱲӣͮͮĿеŮ񣬿ͮͮȴûжԴɫǳġ
ڣصʱ̣ȫһУһ־磬߶Ⱥһ˾޵һȻɿ߱һС

ͮͮˣз·ʲôݺݵһ¡
һ̣ҶĿжȻ飬ȴ¸ԼΪȡĻᡣ
˵˭Ҳ߲ˣͶɣ
ɿȻȣȴûзϣɱֻʱ⡣
һƶǣûʲôǿߣ˵ܹвʿˡ
ǴԶԪϡʺҲʿٵġ
ڣ˵Ŀⶼʮ˳ǣû˻ע⵽
ֻҪΨһǿ߻ɱôûвĺˡ
ͬʱԽȥû˻֪һУֻܳΪһ
ǿչ·ϣ̫ˣ޷
ԣҲҪ
ء
ɿ߻ûһצӰһХƵýͮͮ˲òƴֵܵ
ۣ
֮ͮͮҲѪˣѪȾǰ·ɫһ԰ף

ս񣬻棬սӵ˼£ϵѪ͸ɿӲƴ
Ǹƴˣ
ͮͮҲˣȼԼսѸһâڸɿߵ֮
ɿ߷·һĹ֮嫲ʱҪ֮ľǲܵġ

أɿҲЩͷˣ϶ɱ֣似һش˽
ۣ
񵹷ɳȥɫ԰ֽɢǰȥȳѪдࡣ
񡭡
ͮͮһУԴҲȼˣսٴƴԼһˡ
û뵽ҽȻЦ
ˣ
ͻȻһƬɽ붼һ󶶶ɽʯҶ衣
ҶʣֱһɽӴӡһԴĴɽնֱɿײȥ
䣡
ɿһֱӽɽӴӡʿԼҲͷһ󸡶
ʲôˣɿ߱ɫŭȡ
ɱˣ
Ҷһ⣬սУ䣬Ϸңɽ


1885 Ҷɱ
Ⱥɽ飬ؿѣĲľݻ٣սһƬǽ壡
ڲԶвϵѪڿţ
ͮͮҲɫ԰ףؿڲϵļѪȾ·ںڵĳҡ
Ҷ
㣿
˶ǳ𾪣ǽ񣬸ζӳ£Ŀ⸴ӵĿҶ
ϲûʿڣԣҶûȥݣĿֵġ
ҶģȻ㣿
ɿҲǳԾû뵽Ҷ
ĺУѾ֪Ҷݣ˿һתȵҶ㻹Ͻ֣ϻɱˡ
仰ɫ䣬ǿҪȴˤ˸ͷû
ͮͮɫƽţҶʲôħļϸͲóֻ֣һԿ־͹ˡ
Ȼ
Ҷ΢΢һЦִ̧һ⣬û˽ĵ
ɫ䣬ŭҶģ㲻ú
һ룬ͻȻоԼڿٵĻָҶڵǵ⣬ûжκ˺һɼ䴿Ĵ֮Ȼ
ˢ
ͬʱҶҲͮͮڴһ֮ڵƳ
ʱҶͻȻ֣ͮͮھȻҲһ˿Ϣ˺Լ֮ͬ
ѹûκν;ѡҶԭͬһ˿֮ڡ
ƥȻҲ֪ôǿչ·ģ죬Ҿ˵ء
Ҷڣʯɱϵζ

ɿߴЦƾ㣿Ȼ㲻ʶʱҾһ죬ɢ֮ػǳҺڴ
ԶҲһĻˣ
ҶٳֱһȥһɱӰ˲֣һɽһ㣬˸صķģɿѹ¡
ҿ
ɿߴһ籡ŨϢɿצһĴɱӰϣֱӽ֮ɢˡ
Сӣȥɣ
ɿӶһ˫צһĹâҶɱȥ
ûнҶҶһ۷Сʿѣȣһ󾳽磬ǲԽǵ
Ҷ֮ǰնɱʥǿߣлһִߵսҲͬûн֮
ɱҶǾ֮Ͷѡ
ڻɱῡ֮ǰҪȽҶ
˿ͮͮͽߣΪǸӲˣֻҪҶɱҪ׷˵׾ٵ顣
ˣ
ҶһӣֱӴӵ¾һ߳ɿߺݺݳȥ
䣡
ɽʯ飬һӲøɿһ˫צ˺ɷ顣
˲佻սһ𣬷·ºͳײһ𣬱ǿҵĹâؼһ̫
䣡
Ϣӣ֮ײл̫ʥ̫ʥ
ײضˣвϳһռڶϢ
Ҷ˫Ӳʥɱݻֲ˼ɱ͸ɿƴ
أҶ·磡
ϾûгʥǶţ죬Ҳսʤһʥħͷ
ҾȣΪֹɣ
ԵҶֲսɿɱģԭֻ뽫ҶˣԼֽɱ
ıˣ
Ϊ֣Լ֮ȻҶûãܹ֮˿ûӰ졣
һе־
ҶꣿѾ˿ֲʵǸʱĻضħ޴в
ˣɱ֣콫Ҷ󻼡
ˡˣ
ɿ߹һ䣬Ѳ⣬ָɫĹâһ㣬գҶնȥ
ꡢ꣡
ĽâĴпжһ
սתƣϵɽ꣬촷ۣ߱г顣
ҶӶϽɫȭӲâһâˡ
Ȼоǳɿ߶似ǳ˽⣬רоƽ֮ĺܶ似ûá
ˣ
Ҷͷֳһ״ɼײƬڹ⣬档
ͬʱչ˸ΧתĽâ
ԶѾվˣɫӵĿҶ͸ɿߴսζӳ¡
֪УҶѾԽ
ͮͮ򱣻һͬעսĬĬΪҶϣܹʤ
콣
ս£ɿŭһʩչ似еľɱſһԴն֮Ҷɱ¡
䣡
Ӧ飬ΨкɫɼƬԾûκηӦһƬ𻨡
һֱӽҶ˵£ûɼײƬĵֵͱˡ
飡
ӵҶͷɢſֲϢһ̫θ󣬻תš
ϢͬʱƵ
ҶԼɱﵣ
ķ߶صֻȭ˫ȭȼյ̫һ㣬ɢֲĻ֮ɿȥ
棿
ɿϳԾȻ˵Ҷ飬˵۵ü£Ǳˡ
һ࣬ôͬʱӵֽȻ෴Ϣûбأ
䱸˫ɫĹ
֪ҶǿĹֻҪסιɱ練ƣһֻһ򵥡
𣡡
Ҷһȣ˫ȭ棬Ҵأǧ磬ֻء
һ̣ɫ䣬ӿ
Ϸ˶㣬𼶱ݣһӾʮصĴһ㡣
ԶһЦ֣ԼҶĲԽԽԶˣ˸һϡ
ԭҶĵӺͳޣҶֳǿʵصˡ
һϣܹöԼʮ壬ʱԾû˿֮˵ʲô֮ˡ
ڵĽˣŲԽԽҪҲصˡ
˿ֻ̣ϣҶܹʤħ߻ɱ
䣡
Ҷȭݺڸɿϣֱӽҷɳȥһ·Ѫ
ɿ߰Ӷˣ֪жٹͷѣĪ
սɿߵһθˣ֮ǰǳȫѹԵʵ
ֻ֮أľݻٵĸأħ˵֮綾ҩմȾá
һ֣
Ҷʤ׷Ų׷ǲһ⣬ֻȭأա
飡
ɿٴαɣϢӿΧγһɫڡ
ɱɱͮͮȭͷĬĬ˵
һ죬ͨ˵ѵһ죬ط˿ֲĵ𣬷䱻
ͨ߳ţڹ㳡ϾۼźĴɽĤݡ
ںĴɽеҰ˵ѵһ죬Ұڷ
֮Ƶֲˡ
ֻȭȻ鴫
ɿ߲һǵѪգһ죬ɲǼ临ԭˡ


1886 ɱħ
һƬУҶ͸ɿǧɣңңӣ
ղҶԴݿ֮ƣ㽫ɿߵˡ
ȻĿ񹥣ķǳ󣬼Ҳ޼ɵȥ
ץסᣬɿ߿սתԴ˵ܿ㸴ԭ
ǳҵԤϣ
ɿ߲һǵѪգ˵Щܹɱʥˡ
㲢ûгҵԤϣҶԣ˿
úúãҿܲ񵽼ʱ
ɿŭЦ㼼ֹڴ˵ĻǾͽɣʶʶʵ
ϣɿȻɢһɿֲϢԶɽеҰ޷׷Ӵܡ
ѹЩûпǵҰҲܸܵв
⣡
ͮͮͽͬʱһֲϢǾ壬޷ʥѹȣض
ҶҲӸɿϣܵв
˱ͨǿ̫ˣͻƺͨҲĶ֡
ʣǶѹ
һԼеϻˣ˵ֱǲ̵ġ
뽫Ҷɱ̫ΣˣٹĻԼĶˡ
𡭡
ɿһԶһɽȻĺɽӡ
飡
ɿ߿ȣɲǼҶǰһȭɳȥŨҵ֮ȣһľ
ۡ
ҶһѪؿڶȥ⵽˳صĴ
ұһڿ㲻á
˶֮󣬸ɿʵһ㣬ĹצҲңһĽâ
Ȼͬ似ȴͬն˿ÿһâܹնأǳֲ
ɱ
ɿһ֣ٴνҶƲһɳȥӶˡ
ȿȿȡ
ҶȳѪתѪȣٸԭ
ҿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
ɿݶ˶ɵĶһ㣬˻һɱ˫Ϊ棬Ҷն
꣡
ֲɱһӽҶΪ룬Ѫ

ͮͮʧУҪҶһ֮
Ȼȴֹˡ
ȥɱǿЩָʾҪ˵
㻹ûһԣҶƴɱ㾹ȻߣڻսѪսսӵ𣿡ͮͮŭ
ɫ䣬ǿô˵ҲΪȫ룬Ҷսʤħ뢣ǲסħͷʱߵĻôǾԶûлˣǶ˭ȥʾأ
û뵽ˣղҶͲӦþ㣡ͮͮĻ˵
ҲûңأӲ
ˢ
ֳҶٶߣһƬ֮䣬Ѫ˲临ԭˡ
û뵽̶̼ʱ䣬ҾȻƵȼ
ҶһȣȼƼһεĻһ㣬չֻȭٴκ͸ɿߴսһ
˴ɽѣղϵĶ
һƶǣԶԪѷ˷ָĵز޷ЧĲ
ⲢѲҶΪǸʿһѰ̽ĵʦ
ֻϧɿ߲ᣬ϶Ͽ̻ɱɱǲ֡
ѰѰҵܹġ
Ѫ
˵Ĵս˰ȻҶֻȭƽͣԵޱߣһȭ״ص̺С
ټΪԸħ壬ҶԽ֮֮ҲС
Ĵ֮͸;׵֮֮Ŀǡ
Ҳˣܹ͸ɿ߶Կʱ򣬻κ޿ܺ͸ɿսڡ
֮ʴʴ꣬ʿž޴в
໡
Ҷˣһȣ˫۳Ѫȼ꣡
ꡢ֮֮ӣֲ׵
䣡
֣ϱ۵ͷ񽫡һֲľҶ󣬽еͬһ㡣
ɱ
ҶȣֻȭӸٱǳڲԲǧ֮ڣݲȫɳĮ
澰ڲçĴɽһƬĮҽ챻ˡ
䣡
ҶԼս˼ޣӣ߾ĵȼڿԺ͸ɿƽˡ
һȭӳɿֱӱɳȥǰ߹Ƕ˲֪ٸؿڶȥ
ۡ
ɿһѪгľ壡
Ҷսʵֲ̫ˣов
飡
ɿֿ߽似ӵ˼£һĹգҶ˿ֲ˺ۡ
ȻҶȴȻ⣬ָâԼҲûɿߵһ˺
ѪŽȴû˿ѪĲħе
ҶÿһξѪɢſֲѪš
״̬µҶ޵еġ

ɿߺˣĺˣ
ֱ˼飬һͷһֻҧ־塣
ҶսѾԽ֪ӡУֻУۡ˻ʴۡ»ʴۺ;Щ˲пʱﵽս
ѵҶܹ׷Щ۵ĽŲ֤ɣ
ͷһɿ߸־ˣ
ÿһ۶ǵ񣬵õϲԵľˣûɱǡ
ҶȻûгʥȴѾ۵ԲǸϢ
ȻøңǱҶѹŴ򣬵ȴʼ޷׽ɱ
ħô겻ǰ׹ģսḻޱȡ
ѿҶȼԼΪۣȡݵǿ
ֻҪܹͦʱ䣬Ҷ֧֮ʤվġ
ѾˣնɱҶǿ֮ҪٳǣЩͨʱɢ֮ˡ
սֳ˽״̬ҶȻռϷ磬ȴʼ޷ɿ߻ɱ
ңȼ֮ʹ֮ķǳѾֲ˶ˡ
ʱͮͮͻȻսһ˼Ůһ㡣
Ҷţ
ûҽսģԶԶҶ׳һ˽ɫǹ
ˢ
ǹһɫƿռ𣬳Ҷֱߣһס
ɽ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣˽ɫǹȻԳɽɣ۱ɲİ
׼۱
ҶסǹʱӦˣһ׼۱̱꣡
ɣ
һǹ֣Ҷ·˸һǧɱһ㣬ɢɱ⡣
죡
Ҷһȣ׼۱ǹâһһɹ⣬ɿȥ
ɿߴ󺧣ƴħʽ似һͻȻһģħͷ
𣡡
ħͷһ޴Ƕڲﶼ˳
Ȼ
꣡
ɹֱӽħͷɢˡ
һӽɿߵüĶˡ
飡
Ҷһ׼ǹɿߵͷ­ͬһˡ
һ
ħ뢱ף


1887 жͰ
һ𺳵ĳ棡
ħĸɿ߾֡š
һǿߣ൱߾ڣȻҶ۷ϸնɱˡ
ͺҧ˴һ㲻˼飡
ֻ̿֡塢Ͳţսᡣ
һɲǣ˵Ļںޣϧʱ䲻ӡǳװʧ
䣡
ȵϢƶ֮֡
һħǿߣ̺ϢǷǳŨӴģһŷԲûֵܹ֮Ϯ
ۿһ޴ѽɱ⡭
ҶһȫתƴϢ
ʱ䣬·һڶŨҵϢγһУԴԴۡ
һʿڻ˴֮ģҶӵҲС
Ҷıûһ㣬ʹ̣ͷɫ
ѣҶֻƴתŨϢ֮
֮
֮
ľҪ֮
ҶתȵϢת׷˦һΪĴ
ˣ
ͮͮҲʼЩ֮
ΪϢ̫ŨˣƾҶһ˾޷ȫգɡ
ɫӣ𾪺ͲţҲвʺΡ
ʱŨϢڵˣҶоԼ·ҪըˣƴתѹǿֲϢ
һ̣һаһ㣬ɢаϢ˫̲ҲҵĹâ
Ҷлл㡭
ͮͮҶȥ㱻ֹˡ
𿿽ң
Ҷ˿ѹֲסɱ⣬ǿֲϢĸЧӦշڵĶħ
ãҶѹסɱ⣬ɫýͷҲָɫ

һվӰһʧǰ
ڲԶһУҶϴһѪۣһɾ·ٴλصս
Ҷлл㣡ͮͮӭԵ˵
ΪԼΪƶϵԭס
ҶʱΪŨ֮űϵһƽ١
ɫӣ촽˶Ų̧δ̧
գӲͷƤҶ
Ϊ֪Ҷǲħļϸ
Ĳħ壿ʵ
ħ廹ţ׼ʮ˳ǼϣȻԵĹУˮ㣬ϮɱǱţֹǵõԵҶʡ
̫ˣ
ͮͮɫ࣬˵ħĻΪ㻹ܻվ𣿡
ֻ
⣬ȴԵôȥͮͮҶһۡ
¿ǮԿϵϡ
һ̣ڵĳӶˣ޲óԼӡ
̬ͮͮȣԿԿԼѾǳˡ
ǿͬΪķϣø˵ˡ
Ҳħ岻ŹλˮĻᣬԲһʱʮ˳ǣû뵽ħͷ
ͮͮͣ壬ħϢǳУͨѪ֮ӦħڵϢ
ħϸǰΣصûá
ˣħͷҪǾɱħļϸ¶
뾡ʮ˳ǵģ˶ˣֻͽ˻ҲˣȻָƲܼʮ˳ǡ
˵Ԫƶ񤣬Զʺǻһŵȥ˰ɡҶ顣
ǣǰһԪŨʺʿԴǣϧѾݽˡ
ã﷢һС磬ģǿСˡͮͮ˵г˲ᡣ
֪ҶҪ뿪ˣܴʮ˳ǵĿԵ
ңҲܸӦЩħϸϢЩħļϸá
ҲãǾڴ˰˰ɣұڿԵ֮ǰϵʮ˳ǣʹ˸ˡ
Ҷ֣˸ǣʮ˳ǵĿԵνĿԵʲô
ǿչ·ܶ߶ʮ˳ǣһЩǰ·ǿ߶ͷɱ˻ɼʮ˳ǵĿԵп֤ܺйء
Ҷ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ̲ͮͮסһŨŨĸм벻ᡣ
ʲô𣿡Ҷͣʵ
ǸҪҪǷΪ֤ף
ͮͮǰãɢһƢķҷꡣֻǰ̺ƻУһЩ˵Ӱӡ
ڻʱ򣡡Ҷ˵ɱ֮
Լ䵽أäĿϢȻҪԭ򣬵ҪԭǣڰƲҪɱ
ͮͮ˷ΪԼϴ׵Ļ·ǵ𲻵ӦеãзЧ
Щеǵˣóȷƾʵݣܿʵ䷴
ЩôȥӦܲµõ
ܼ򵥣ͮͮͽ񷢲Լħϸ֮󣬱Ȼһ˵ǱԼˣò˵
ǿۣɿ˻ɱͮͮͽơ
ôζһıϤĺܣԷκλᡣ
ǿߵ·Լ߳ġ
޵еǿȭͷģ
ʵܹɨǿչ·Ǿ͸ʲôıơ
еıƣھʵǰʱһЦѡ
ǡ˶㣬ĴҺܵİͮͮǵ˵
İɣҶŵ˵ûôģҲһиҪҪ
ɣҶƬ̣˵ڷĻǵ֤ҵף״ݾߣЩħ徫Ӣҽħȫնɱ֮ԻὫ̺ǵ깫ʱ֤
ԼǧҪذ
ͮͮۺˮŬֱ˿̣ףԼУһֱҶӰӣδǡ
һĻĻԺҶӰԽ
֮ǰȣܸжֱףжڰ
һģҶصĵͷ
ֺγͮͮ⣬ֻǡ
ծѳ
ֻзĸп
˶
˺ÿһŮˣȴ˺ˣΡ
վԶһŨŨĴܸǷϡ
ۼΪ壬սѪҶȴǴۺᣬŴ۵Ѫ
۵λȻػ񣬵Ҷȴд壬еӢۣ
ʵ۾硭
ǲҪˣķ֣һ㣬ҶԶԶؽ
ˣ
Ҷ˹֣Ŀ˽һۣڴǲսϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ʧô
ȣ߬ȭͷӿ޵Ķ־һɨ֮ǰǷϣ
Ҿʧģ


1888 ʮ˳
ʮˣ
һص֣
˵Ԥԣʮ˳ǳһƼʻᣬ̻֮ء
Ҷʮ˳Ҳǳڴ
һ·ϣ̫йʮ˳ǵһЩԡ
˵̫ǰһλ֤֮أ
Ҳ˵һλϵĴջĵط
ڶУҶ˵
ʮ˳ǲǴ֤֮أΪֻǿչ·ϵһ۹أһųǣԴ֮ء
ڻ֮ؾ͸ˣ
ۻǿյĴ¼Բûκμأ
ңһѡųǻųǾѾˡ
ʲôܹڴۻ»ܱõģ
Ҷãܵ˵ǣʮǸص֣Ӧ˵˵һеʮ˽硣
ҳƣʶһʮ˽硣
ʮΪС죬ȻѶΪӵ߳ҶȴʮŶص⡣
ʮ޺ڤʮ磬Ҳʮ˲
Щ˵ʮһصɫʡ
ʮ˳ǣпܺЩ˵йء
ȻˣϾǵҶҲںʹйأֻǲǴ۵֤֮أҲǻ֮ء
ʮ˳һƬǺ֮أһ޴ǿ̻ɣصķĺơ
ǻˮصĹų۹أɢŨҵľ
ųǷ·һ㣬ºǿеԪάת
ܾеͨ˶ܳ
ڳеĽֵϣ洦ɼǿߴҴ߹ɢϢ
ųгһֽŵĽϢԵøƣ
Եʱп֣ܳ˶ڵȴ
ڽֵת˺ܾãҶεķ֣еĿջȫһЩ¥˰ˡ
ҶһǳƫƧҵһͨľڸһöƷʯ֮ס˽
С磬Ҳ̫ڣȥջһ£ûöƷʯס꣬ѾǷǳ˵ˡǸ꺺ӣЦҶ͡
֪ҶȻ֪ЩջզࡣмУʯҲҲס޵ĵط
򵥳˵㶫ҶλԼ׼õĿͷȥϢԵû֣Ҫ
һԵ֣ȻһҵսҪԼʱ̴۷״̬Ӧʱܵս
ũСԺȻ˵㣬ȴҲֵľںԺһССĻ԰ɽˮɴ񣬻һССˮأ£ˡ
ȻԵûг֣ŶѾˣЩʶûнӽ۰һ
һ¥УڷҵİԲռһɢΣյϢΧ˸ҿ
·ۣע˵Ϸ
һҡͷ̾ϢΪ·ԼԵֻмʸȥΨһĵ·
γǵˣ
һ߸пΪ·̫пᣬûʸҲһˣпľս
һУСͬռһӣһһ߿⣬ɢŰԵ⣬һo
ͬ龰صĹųеطҲݣӡºɡ
һҫ۵콾ۣ˵ʮ˳ھۼǿչ·ǿߡ
ȻûЩǵʵҲһջء
ҶȻҲ֪ºѾˣȴûȥ
һҹ޻
ڶ죬һϢ䶯ȫǣһʥǿˣھУɱ
ô£˭ɵģ
ڶʿǸΧִȫˣٴС
һо֮ΪҶΪΪֳϢ̫Ũˣ֮ǰ˲󷨣赲֮йԲûб˼ʱ
ҶħϸѾ˹ųǣǧСģһϮʾִɫ
˰죬Ȼûз֣˺ܴĲ
ҲδؾħϸɵģҲǲֻ֮ǲ֪ˡгеԭסϡ
ôһǵİȫû˱ϣܶ˲
û취̤·ģʮ֮߰˶޷뿪Ӧ׼еԭס˵
һеʿӵĽ໥˭ˡ
Ϊǿʮ꣬Ѿʥܹǿչ·Žǰ֮ڣȴĲס
һɰӿɱķʶҲƵ·
ҶߣԵֳȥˣϢܵķΧ
˵·ǵģħκ˸ɵģǿ߾ɱߣ޻ͷϡ
Ѿǿչ·ϵıǩκβģԹ̵ϣҲվ粵
һȫץ
վڴǰҶŴҹɫķģһҪĺȫɱ
Щðɱߵģֻıȴֹ
Ҷˣ
ҹʱ֣һнܶ˶ˣ߷ֳ˷ķȥ
һںеӴܣԶһСԺѾΪ˷棬һ߻Ѫڵϣ֪
ܿ죬˵ĺ£ںе˱ץˡ
Ȼ
ܿ죬˾ʧˣһ벽߾ʿѣһû˿ֻŨħ
ЩŵУȷʿħеٮٮߡ
һ벽߾ʿôɱһ߾ʥ
ܿ죬ִҲˣֱӵڽеļ乫
ȻǸɱʥǿߵ֣Ҷ
ȻҶΪ˿ҶȺ֮УĿһС
·ǻΣ໥۽Ч°ɱ֮ӣ
£ʮ˳еոӽˣжһɻҩζ
֮ǰҶͻȻӦǾ˲ϵ
ϸ˵ϵƣֻƵ걻ӡ֮ˣ޷Ӧ
㵽ûУǵ˵Ļϵϵǣ̫ǿˣǱж
ǹǾдѶϢֻж̶̼仰Ϣȴܶ࣬Ҷϲ⣡
һֱѰĺǣȴһֱûҵصĺû뵽ȴԼˡ
Һܿ͵ˣҶһβסǡ
ϵôҶЦˣ˸ɱâ
˿̾һʱ䣬ᣬնɱӦû⡣
ĵҶѾȫ۷״̬㹻ܹĺһ򾡡
ˢ
һ㣬뿪СԺųǵϷȥ
סڹųǵĶǣĺסϽǣúųǣѹָӦأ
¡¡
յĲԶطʱͻȻһֲųǶڲ
ˣ
һ˲䣬·ˣһž޴̫ڹųǵϿգž޴̫ϴһʺ磬һţųǺ̫һ


1889 Ե֣
֣ʮ˳Ƕˣ
˶𾪲ѣŹųϿյһִգ𺳣
ɣǣǴ˵еĻɣǰ
һλ뷢԰׵߼ĺӲ߶µ˵
ѵνĿԵ
̫ʲô
ѵ̫𲻳ɣ
һƬȻ۷׷ף˵ʲôĶС
ǿؿ̾޴̫ųϿգռŤġ
ȻڿȥŴսߣʵϲ֪ŶӴ
ֻΪռŤųڹųǵϿգبδе澰
尡
һЩһǿ߶⾺һƬ⣬ֹһǿߵ̫չ߿ճȥ
Ȼոճɸ߱·ײʲôһ㣬ײ˸ͷۻͷתĵֳЦ

вپЦȺϼһƽʱװβǣòȻģѿǳԱ
ã
Ϊϲ𣬾Ȼ赲Ե
һˣͱǿʤˣһˤϸ첲ȵĶ಻㣡

ܶ߳ԣڿ࣬Щһǿ߸ɵۣúֱ̡
ˢ
һߴħӰֱӽڲʺ֮ϣ˲ŲʺŽ˻ɣϡ
ʥȻһȥˣҲɡܶ˾ȣ׷ʺųȥ
ˢ
ˢ
ˢ

һӰڲʺϣ˲ŲʺŽ˻ɣǣߣûһһǿߡ
ԣ
һ߲ģ˿Уһʺȥ
ǽŵĿţܷ˳ĵϻɣζεĻԵֻһܹỹһҲԣش
䣡
˲䱻ʺŵ˻ˤ˸ͷ޷ڲʺ㡣
ܶΪûʸԵǷ׷״Ц
ǲûгʺţΪ֪ĵطȻңǵΪɣǵ
ܹ֤һʱ̣˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
𡭡
СһХһһ㣬ǰļ߻ˣһѪꡣ
ԡѪϲʺţһûɣϣ
һĻ˲ˣ
СʹȻǿд֮ˣ˸п
Դ̤ǿչ·Сʻδһܣɨ֣ĳΪǿ֮һͰԲ졢ɡ»ӵ
һΣ֮ײǶڴ˭Ⱥۣӱ
պգʺţųǺʹϵһ
ʿ׷׵ϲʺţɣǣȥѰνĿԵ
º̩޶ħǵϲʺš
Χûһˣ
һɿֲ˶֪ǺҶһɹǣȴû˸ǵ鷳
λӣһλ϶صĵ۴ˣһλȴ۵׾ȭˣһλӣһλħӣݣԿԺɨǿչ·޵֡
ˣ
ʱһɥ˵ʺűȻܹʿģһ֮޷ˡ
ôһǿͶĵĿ⡣
һ㣬뵽ˣֽƵĻǲܵǲϲʺš
רΪ׼ĻԵûйϵ
ɹô
һĿ࣬ڷĮɨһˣеĲʺȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡

ÿһǲڴһնѣʢѪ¯һ㣬ǧ顣
ɹǵͷʥϵǿߣа裬ʵֲС˵
꣡
ϲʺŵİͷ˫Ĺâֱӽ˵üĶˡ
飡
ղСʿԵڷû뵽边ҵڻɱ
Ȼ
һɱһǿߣȻԾף
ɹϵ콾ˣʧڲʺ֮ǲŸۡ
ǵУҶĵ֪ͽʥ˶Խʥǣǵͬһˡ
ǵҲǿչ·ϵһ콾;۴һֱ׼۾죬ʼղʤǾǿľߡ
ۻ׼۾۷壬սܣӶ춨֤֮·
˵һ֮ţȴ˾ŵǿߣΪʧߡ
Ȼˣȴû
ȵľ۲ûиϾɱ͸һ겻ҩ˵ڶ
սѹڰ֮Уƴеһ֤Ĵۡ
Ȼۼ⣬ɹǺͽʥȻͷ
֤·ϣʥҲһŹϵԴǣͬۡ
ǿչ·֮꣬ԸŵصĶУйʸ֤·ģҲֻԴأɹǺͽʥľߡ
ȻⲢ˵Ǿû߳ǿߣÿ˶ƽȵġ
ңԶĹȥǷҲʿ̤ǿ֮·أ
Ҷ棬뵽˵ЩԶŵĴ˵ףڡˮ񹲹ԯũˡȡ
Щӵɽժµǿ߾ʵڹ鹹񻰹أ
ʵģôԶŵĵ򣬿϶ӵģҲҲʸǿ֮·
ȻԶŵܹ·ҲӦ뿪·ɣ
Ҷһȣƺ뵽һܹع·
ʱв˵˲ʺţ޷˵ĵѰҿԵ·
УӸעĿ
ӵݣߵﶼĿ
಻ŵ⣬еoһ㡣
ǿ߷׷׵ϲʺţʮ˹ųеʿڼ٣̶һ˲䣬Ѿǧ˵˲ʺţٵɣϡ
ɣǵĻҲԼһ޷ϣ
ɣϵ¶ߣ۽Ϊһڵٵһ˲㻯˷ɻҡ
һĻò˴ùģ
ҵŵ㣬ûӦʵòҪȥ֣ðװ׶ʮ˳ǵĳˡ
ˣ
ڴʱɣͻȻһۼĲʱòǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ĵ˲ʺš
Ȼܶ˵ǣڻɣǲñ㱻ճ˷ɻڷ
ţ
Ҷ۾ˣĺΪ׵ħҲˡ
뿪סеĲʺȥȻ뵽ɣȥˮ㣬Ϯɱߡ
ĺҲԥ֪òøŽ룬νĿԵԤϡ
ԭΪνĿԵǳһƬؾû뵽Ȼǻɣǣ
ɣϵ֮ǵѹƺܴҲһʼûгֵԭ
ǻǾɣǣȥɱߣ
ΪǺܹϻɣǵģһеľӢɱһһ
ңǻܽնɱ徫ӢʱɢϢǿ
飬ǲŹ
ˢ
ͬʱϲʺţٵɣϡ

ҶһӰһҲ˲ʺţöǻһ㣬ֱӷеĻɣǣ


1890 ˣ
ǿգûҲⷢȣŵǳĺǼ١
ÿһźǶпһԴǡ
Ϊġ
ɣǣǺǿУΨһһĺǣ
ɣ¶ȳȣһ˷裬پѰʿ޷ӽ
ҶųȵĺϣȫһƬƬĻɣ֦Ҷ챦ʯһ㣬˸ŹâɢŨĻԪϢ
һźƴǳֻԽܸоźжôĺƴ
ˣ
ҶչɨΧǧѰħǿߡ
ǵʵѹƵֻҪܹҵǣ֮նɱ⡣
ȻǣȻûκη֣
ƺɣϳһߵĻɣ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
ǧߣǶȥˣ
Ҷɻ󣬶ѡһǰС
ײˣҶЦ
νĿԵ˭Ҳ֪˶äĿġ
Ҷʥ衢СʡԲ졢º˶ųȵĺäĿѰң·ûͷӬһײ
ɣǺޱߣҶоܹһƴˣ˺嫵Ѱһ֪ʲôĻԵоڿЦ
գҶһΰĴɽפ㣬ͣ
ΰĴɽԼֱ죬ŨĻԪأһԪطɻ˷衣
ܵһصϣ
һֻԵ
Ҷܹϣֱӷɽۣ׼صϣġصۡ
Ϊ־磬ŬѾЧˣΨиصϣġص۲ܸǿ
һδεսУҶԽоص۵ãﲻƣֻ֮ĸо·۷һ㡣
һ
ҶһΰɽۣһȪľȪ衣
Ȫ룬һҡҷɢ˵ܰ㡣
ĵرǿػֹ˲ժ
Żɣϣڣԣһ˵֮
ֻǣûг׿ţҶҲżȪԱȥطϣȥġ̵ۡ
ھҶʮﴦһ˧һĲûͷӬһҴ
߻һ˧磬һʹһ㡣
˵㿿ѾɹĴˣôоԽԽԶ˧Լġ˵
ģ˫϶дǸĲġǰǡ
Ϊ˷˲Լ״ƦȸȺл˽
ȻǺҶԼʮųǼţҶ϶ⳡԵ
⣬ҲãԱҲˣҶ֮ǰǱ㽵Żɣˡ
˫ġƦ
ģСƦӣŲҧ㣿죬һࡣ
ϧƦͿȸǰֻбŰķݣҲûãƽֱѡӡ
ˣ
⻪һʧԭأٴκɣ
Ҷɽۣĸطġ̵ۣ
ڲ֪УѾˣ
¡
һ죬Ҷо׽ĹɣһصȻġ
ˣ
Уһصһ裬뵽ת̫ͼУ̫ͼָߵһ֡
صϵʱ⣬âһѿǺƦȸǴ߳
˵һƬȫİ磬û·Ҳˡ
ԭΪٵŻɣ̱ܹ֮õĴԵ
ڿʵĲ໹̫ˡ
ףĵرˡ
ǳӣ˫۷Ź⣬ವһһ׹Ҷչص⴦ɽȥ
һıӹȻ飡ƽпͿȸһ׷ȥ
¼ٵ׷ǲȻĶٶԾɲǻƽͿȸ׷ϵġ
Ҳ˦ǣϾת˲ٶҲǸǵġ
Ǻɲе
ȸ͸˵ˣʹ˫һչȸҲٶҲһһĿ졣
ûкų¼ٵ׷ǲĻͱ˦ûӰˡ
˵ת˲
ܿ죬ǱҶչصɽۡ
߾أСүϲԼƦĴҶȡ
ҶòʣԴ˾޴ı仯ûϳ
뿪ȸһӣϧҲûϳҶ
ΨаûпЩɣܸоЩԾȴ֪ﲻԡ
ϾҶʱҶܹıԼòͱԴҲ֪ġ
ûϳҶҶûϳǡ
ƦǣҶʱЦˣû뵽ŷֿãˡ
Ҳǵʮ˳ǵĿԵ
һҲ֣Ͱ̰Ը񣬼СƦӻƽϣǲʮ˳ǲŽйˡ
½˶ˣֻǵΪֹǻ֪νĿԵʲô
Сӣү˵أʲô֣Ʀۡ
ҶеЦһﱾû֮಻˧ˡ
һͱ¶ƦԸ˲ҹά
ǿȸּįֵķ緶һվ͸һǿѹȸС
ʲôҶǣװµ˵
ʲôүҪڴʺ뱻ΧۡƦھˣҶ׵⽹ۡ
꣡
ҶƬ̣Ʀһȭźȥҵȭâ˺գߡ
ͬʱȸҲϳ֣һ˫쵶һҶնȥƥ
Ҳһ׹⣬СһѴҧȥһĬͻϮʱյۡ
һʱ䣬ҶҲǴ˸ֲòȥͬʱݺݱһ°ǣ̫ˣר·
ҶҲһѡ
һ໥̫֮ĬˣƽҶߣŶֵжϣȸɱ
ɱɣһöǱ
飡
Ҷǵֱ֮ӳ֣Ǵȥ
˽ǣһƤ񣬸ֽǣǿȺ£ܿһû¡
ȻܶܣſѪںҶר·ƣмܡ
ܲһͷǽԼĿ˺ðɣҲ̫ˡ
ƦҲսţһ˫ɫĴһƬ⣬ҶӲӲר˫ۣƵòмܡ
ȸһԻŻһɱ
Ȼûг֣ȴȥҶܴһע
սһҶò̾һֵȻǸǵģͨ߾ʥ֮¡
ҶһХһŽ߷ɳȥţɫȭͷƦ˫ҷɣڶˡ

ƽɫ䣬Ԥеˣ̫ǿˣܶԸġ
Ƿǳģ򲻹ҲӵõΪû˱ǵٶȸ죬߾۷ľʥ
Ǻǡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦžһ죬ָĿ


1891 ֪
СӣҲ̫ˡ
ʱ󣬰һ˺ҧһ⸬һҶԹ
̫ϲûֻҶûѡ
ŻɣϣһΪڵݣʵǳǿ
С֮£ǿĽҲֻޣοԱ߻иǸǿĿȸڻ
֪ǣȻƣ÷
ƽһ޴ľ̳ӣҪҶơ
СƦӣĶЩƣ
Ҷһڣ̲סݡ
ƴŨ񣬾ǧ𣬲֪˶ĵرȪɣǾʥƷ
͵ģƽԲѣһĵҶ
һǡ࣡
˰죬Ҷֻп͵˵ôֱ׳ǵһμ
߯
һԽСƦӵĶ̣еһеģ߿գҲܸ˼ˣ˼ҵľƽѰˡ
˽龭֮ҶЦ
ԭ·һųǵʱһشľ¥΢ͷһϢõ˴ʢ
Ȼߵʱ򣬻ƽСƦ͵͵Ǳ˼ҵľƽѣ˼صǧϯһա
ȥ󲻾ã㷢ԼľƽѱϴˣŭĴѡ
پƺȵ÷ǳˣһͷٽĽڱǳ˸⣬ÿ˻籡嶼ըˡ
Ϊ˱ݱ¶ҶǾǷֿж
Сӣรɣ
ٷֱʱ򣬰Ǹ̨Աʱ֮衣
һҶ
ҩƾۻ굤һָҩɱ죬̰ԵļһʵЩġ
뿪֮ҶҲ뿪⴦ɽۣԶãȥ˫ȥƬ嫵Ĵء
أ
һȺɽһɫӰնͶһƬӰ˫צɣʡ
꣡
ͷ޴ĽƺҶʳһֱӸצֱҶץȥ

Ҷһ䣬â絶ֱӽͷֲĽ룬Ѫ
䣡
ڵʬصڵϣȺɽɫë
ͷڵҲûףΪʲôǳСྐྵȻôֲĸͲʡ
ˢ
Ҷһֱ֣ӽͷڵʬ
ںϵݣϢʿ˵Ǵ֮ɲ˷ˡ
ɣ洦ɼƬĻɣ֣챦ʯһҶȼյĻ澫Ծ
֮Ҷһɽȡ
ԪԱطŨһԪطչᡣ
ıʡ
ҶĿ⣬ɲǼ˶״̬
һԪطһΧƣ֮еͬoٳ
ͬʱɣǵҲ˲ͬջ
һƬ磬ԪطǳŨڸԪصʿ˵ʥ
¡¡
̤գȺɽ
ھҶɽȲԶǿʿУÿ˶һͷ޳䵱
Щ޶Ǻ֣ǳǿ󣬼¶ȼߵĻɣҲж磬˿Ӱ졣
٣ĻвԵ𣿡
һͷϵΪ׵ѯʣ̬ȷǳǫ
ǱȻģٺǰ·λ
Ϊ׵ӶһͷѪ֮ϣɢŵʥƽ˵
ףʥ԰ֻѾ̤߾
ʵǿչ·ҲƥУܹǿ֮ڡ
ȻȴֻǰԲ׷ߣҲŰԲһͬŻɣϡ
ֻǽٵĵصģͰԲֿˡ
ԵʿղõСܣǰԲ׷ߣ˶û˵ֱϴ
֮УǸǵ֪ǿߣȻǧǰǿյ׼ĺˡ
֮ˣ嵽׼۾磬ϧʱʱ۵ĴӰأ֤
ʱǶΪϧһʱ֤ǱȻġ
֪Ϣ֮˵Ĳ˲ʧˡ
ܹ׷һ׼ۺߣҲʲô˵¡
οҲǰԲĶ֣һлܣķڷ֮
ܹβΪԲ׷ߣϵٹ⣬Ҳպʱ
ԲСʡӡɵ˲УΪп֤ſɲǴģǾһѪսʵġ
֮УһŮߣӣӣǿչ·Ҳ
Ȼˣʵ̫ǿ۷壬ǿչ·ҲеƫϣȴԶһһһЦһ򭣬޲Źǵ⡣
ȻΪȴǳߣһȻַʥŮ
⣬ǡǡʿµĺڰ
˵ĵģɫ࣬Ѿﵽľ硣
ڰԲ죬һֱǳĽ
Ϊ˵ԲһԵӣ־㣬Ůɫһĳ
Ŀܹ꣬ԲԼ֮Уǽĳɾ͡
ңԲ֤˳Ĵ۷ˣ˵ջ
ȻҪӽԲȴôףΪԲٲѾǿչ·ӽûлᡣ
ΣȴṩһѵĻᣬ˽ǰԲ׷֮ˬļϡ
㲢ֻ֪ǽԼΪһӽԲ壬ΪԼ¡
ԶֱŮûжٵֿܿ㱻Եһ·϶ǧ˳ǻмӡ
֪ʲôطôäĿѰңʲôʱҵѽӣϣ˸չ¶Լ˵壬䡣
پ£֬һ˫Ĵ۾ˮתһͷںڵ㷢ٲһ㴹£ÿ˿ɢžӨĹһɵ㣬ꡣ
񡢺ջˮĴʷ·ΪľɫŮ׼ġ
˵һЦ˳ǣЦ˹
ףǿǰиˡ
ǵɽͷһ׷ָɽжҶЦ˵
ȻѾˣȻȥѰҺԵʺĵطֱ˷λԵӣڿڶЦ۾˵ġ
Եɲÿһ˶ģҲ֪֮˵̬ư˼ǿԽС
ֻаԲʸȥǿԵ˶ÿվпĹбɱ
ⷬӣӵɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻʵǿģȴҲмҰģҲ֤ΪǧŵһŮۡ
˵Ҳˣкܲˬ
һĻ޲óԼӣ
ΪԼŮĿеϽ˵ӣ˵Ķԣеȷ˷εĻԵҵǵĵǻ

׷̱֮
˶һۣһ׷ߵ˵ͷһ߿ޣֱҶ̤ȥȻûн
УȻǵĵ
˵䣬ͷ̤գһҶͷ̤ȥҪ̤С


1892 ķ
գ
ڶĹУҶߵĻԪطѾ֪뵽ڡ
Щ˿һĻԪط»ᾪ°͡
Ȼֶˡ
ˢ
Ҷ˫ۣѾųߣ
޵ٶȷǳ죬գۼ嵽ǰӱͷ̤ȥ
ͨģ֪ҪԼʲôΪ֣ҲԼĸ߰ȻûнҶ

Ҷ۾˲һƵɱ
˶Ѿǳˬ˿̶ԷȻ̤ԼڹҲ磬Լ
һʿºѱܿ㲻ġ
һͳŭȣһƥȭâ׼ĺ޵ͷ­ϣ
飡
ǰ˲ͣ٣˶ͷ­ֱӱ鿪Ѫ
޵ҲҶȭâ±飬һز֫⣬Ѫζһ
ۣ
̤Ҷɫ䣬ֻ÷·һشݺݵϣҵʹЩǰһڣȥ
һѪƲһ㵹ɳȥһ·Ѫֽ˿
һ
޲ˣ
һĻˡ
С
һ׷ߵһֵĿҶ·ڿһɱ
ͬʵಮ٣Ȼȴ³һжû¡
뵽ԼղųĻ½ֲͬá
ǵʲôĴڣ
һ̣ˣ
˫߬ˣܾҶȥ
ʵ˿̳ȥֱ
ӣɫҰףղŻڲм˵Ҷ˷εĻԵû뵽תۼ㱻
Ҷǿ־壬ɱϵԸļ¡
ɣ˿Լٲ֪˵ĻҶԻɱ˿ͨҲûá
ΪҶ־塣
һ˫ʲô񰡣
ʱ򣬷·ǿûһ㣬˿顣
һԼǳţΪֻҪˣԼһۣ޲ԡ
һõӣӵ׼Ѫ츳˵ˣ侪ˡ֮һܿˡ
ȻҶϣȴһʧˣܲе塣
ⲻ֪мܼħϻãϻöûҶ٣˵ˡ
ҶǼ㣬־ɽܻġ
ʲôˣ
ʵЩûˣҶսе־塣
ȫ֮£Ҳһȭڵ޺ɱ˶ˡ
Ҫ֪սʱҲǷһŽ۷ΪСܵġ
ԭԳ֣Ҷɱ
ΪҶǵŮǰӡ
ǿ˵ʱҪ
ʣΪԼԿԳƵһǿߡ
Ȼûж֣
Ϊ֣Լ޷ҶǳȥðաҪͨò̽һ̽Ҷ·
ǿչ·ϣܹӱӵսģ֮
һҲĳλִߵãĳλףԼóȻУǸԲ鷳ԼѵԨ
˭֪͹Ȼūף̤ң֪ǶôרԵҶ˵
Ҫ󣬻ǸϽɣɫһ˲
оԼҶ˵ֱһ޴Ĵ
Ȼȴܲ˵ԽҶǿչ·ĳλá
Ҫύģǽ񣬷Լǰ̷ǳ
ɢޣûʲôšҶĮ˵
ÿ
ɫȻ˵֪˭
˵գҶش𣬱Թ˵㣬׼ĺˣһԲѣңǿչ·׶֮ء
죬˭Ҳ˭ҵĹӣ̿ͷϴǸһһΣ򡭡
÷ˣ
ҶȻĻĮ˵ǴҵĶ򣬻﹥ңڿͷһһΣҪ˵ĻӦϡ
һ̣ҶǿϢȻûߣȴѾѹ
Ը£Ҳ£
ǿչ·ִɱ˵һСС׼ۺˡ
˵㣬ǰԲԵҶҲ˿塣
޵е̬ǵ·۵ĸ
޵е̬ûУǾûҪǿչ·һˣʧȥ˵·۵ʱ
ţ
ӣ˫ܿȥ
һʼȷܾȣΪҶ޵֮ˣȻڿ۷Ϊ֮󣬶ʱΪڴӣƣ֪
֮ǰ־ļµȻ޴棬еЩŭ
ΪҶ֮һȭ飬شͬ飬ֻһԭ򡪡̫ͬˣҶƴȫһЧ
󵨣ƾҲ¹ϴȥɣ
û˵ŭȣҲҶľ磬Ϊ֮ǰԼŻסˣ˿̷ǳŭ
ΨҶһȭشʿûггĿ־塣
ûҶǿ񱩾׵һȭ֪Ҷжֲ
ȴ֪ģҶǰоԼһ׸ĸ򣬸û˿֮
ָоΨ߾۵ĳִߵʱУȫѹ
ááãҵҪҵĻӦԼϵġ
ŭЦǿҵɱ⣬Ȼʥɢ԰벽߾׼ʥѹ
ʵԸҶֻ֣ϣҶܱԼ壬¹ŮǰӾˡ
Ȼȴû뵽ҶȻӲԣͱûκá
жЩġ
ɲûūţҶ۷ľ磬Ϊûжʵ
֪ЩǿߣʵþСնɱֵǿ߶ǡ
Ȼ˿ȴѾﻢ£˵ȥˣˣǲŮƲԲ춼ῴΪ׷ߵݡ
һ뵽Щµĺ㲻òˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡

һһҶȥÿһ̤¶ǵضɽҡ֮
ûϣҲڴսй˲һҶɱ޶ûضȥ
Ҷ˫΢΢𣬾̣ѪȣѪҺˢѪܱڵһ㡣
Ѿɱ
׼û׷ߣұԼһȭɱ
ǿչ·ͲһصĵطȭͷӲ
ɡ
ʮɡ
ʮɡ
ˡ
ӣ׼һʱһɰԾµǿϢͻȻ֣һͷɫһϵͭսڲԶ


1893 жԹǵ
ͷһ޴ͬƬӨûһ覴ãǿ˲
ʣһͷͻ߾ʥޣѪ֮Ϊ֮δ
ֲϢ羪κˣ˲ϯƬأ˷׷ײĿ
ʣǿϢˣ
ɲǼ䣬ҶɱҲ˿ȥ
һͷǴֱʡ
Ҫ֪ǵӶûų
ϵͭսϲͭ⣬۽磬Ȼ˿֤䲻
㲻ɽҲѵõģ򲻿˿ֲĸдڡ
ս֮ϣ߰ÿ϶ɢſֲϢһͷͷѵĻޡ
еӻ͵ʥ⣬޳ǹһ㣬ȻȻɢǿҵʥ
ǽʥǵĵӵΣ
֮˺Ȼ׷ױɫ
ǿչ·ǰҫۣʮ̤߾ʿν졣
ҪǣսǿһʥĶ֣ǿչ·ϴ˺պ
ûгʥ֮ǰͽֽʥһʥʥ˺ˡ
һսԡʥѪһսһ㣬Ѫֱֲ
оԿŽǰ塣
Ƕ֪ѹԼľ磬ͻƵ̫죡
Ϊ˵𼶱ݸͲڣֻҪʵˣȻͻơ
ΨսҪģֻҪǿս粻⡣
ȻڼǰѹƲסԼľˣһĹͻˡ
ʥپֲ·Ƭ񷶼һ˵ͨǿ߳ʥǳʥʥҲ᳹׻ҷ޷⡣
̫١١׽١£˿Ϣ֮
Ȼͦˣһ
ֱ̫ˣ
ܶһǿڹۿ֮󶼷׷׸̾٣ľǾɱ
ȴӲͦˣȻƤϾˡ
һ٣죬㽫һǻˣ𼶵ĵ۱ġ
ʥ֮ûȾ繮̣⵽ʥǿߵΧɱȴһսȫ
ʥʥѪȾǿգɾ޵е
ʥͰаĺ棬ȫԲ졢ɡº˿⡣
ǿߣԿԺɨһǿչ·Ȼվȴһ޵еơ
ҶҲòϣѾ۵ķˣһУп֮ƥߡ
¡¡
Ȼֻһͷ룬һȴǧһ㣬磬ֱѹ·ѹһ㡣
ǰ·ߣٹɱ⣡
˾ͬʱս˱һ
ȣɫ䣬ô˵Ҳ׼ۺᣬѪ֮ǿ
Ȼڵǰȴһֻûʲôֱ˼Ҹûۿ
Ҳû취˭˼Ǵأݣ۵λѪʵʲôУôʣҲߡ
Ʊǿò˷
ߵʱǸԼ˸ޣԱԼ̫ѿ
ߣԵҪ취ٻϡ¿ӣӺū뿪ˡ
ã˵ԼϺùһЩǾµΣֻǲ鷳ЩͰԲϰˡ
˵ľʤòƺܹãùˡ
ҶʶΣȴҲܸӦǿϢ
սϵİˣ˵֮⣬һ߾ڵǿߣ˶ǰ벽߾׼ʥһɿֲ
Ȼ壬ȴ뵽ΪԼУȻǲǵġ
ЩȻŰ裬δԣҶҲЩ˷ͻ
һ仰˵ĺܶԣԵҪûҪηǵġ
ңҲı¶ʵݣԵ˵ǴҪģҪǽڰĺ˻ɱ
ʱƣʿԽԽ֮࣬ħǣʵҲͻͽС
ˣؽɴ󻼡
һʱƽ˾һա
ҶҲ̵ֲˣ΢΢üÿˡ
˲ûԶΪõμȻﾭһЩԼ֪Ϣ
⣬ǿ֮䶼صĸӦܹѰԲټ
ʼоȫˣҪѰԲѰ󱣻
ҵԵģûм֮һûԲ֮ǰĶͷǿɾ͸ˡ
ܿ죬ǾͿҶƮƮ˵һԣΪͭսÿ˵·
һΪأҲˣǿĵΣǹԹԵĹˡ
һĻӣļʱԲᶶһñ΢Ĳ˼£˵
κʱ򣬱ԼĿĽ㣬ѾΪϰߣ뵽
ûʲôһֻ־ܽѹˡ
ϵʿĵĸԵ۾̲סǰ鰡顣
ƺӦɫԵĿ⣬ӣӽͦͦأñͺܴԵøΰˡ
ղҶܵӣȫһˣʰ˶Լġ
ɫȴôÿӣ˵˵ûսʤҶġ
Ϊһӣ㺮˵ǵ뽵ʥǣηͻٵĻҸղžͳֽѵСˡ
ʥǺɹһͷƹҲͬ
֮䣬һս˴֮䶼Ǿߡ
ңμǿһͻùıȻǡ
ѪɱԽԽʼϧˣѾʧȥһǿ֮ġ
¡¡
սһһ̳
սϣθֶ£һĴ۷ˣ
ԣ׷ߴʲô
˵˲ˣһЩӺŶˣǿչ·ϲįˡ
ûҲ˵ˣʥͰѾɱ˲٣ǿɲ󰡣
ЩССϺѣǵιӸͲȤ
»Ӻ˻Ӷˣлзħֻˣ˵ںϼܣҵǺʶһ¡
İɣһģζҪݺݵĽѵһ٣ףʲôǿߡ
·ֻеιһ˾㹻ˣûҪ̤ϡ

Щ˷ǳ˿ûнǿ
Ҳȷʵʵһ߸û档
һȺʥΪ׷ߣɼβʵǿ󣬶˸Ҳǿ򲻿ܾۼôǿ׷Լߡ
ǵۣ΢΢һЦЩ˲ΪǣһƾǣǸҶħϸҺ
ȻҲҶնɱʥǿߣлһǿչ·ϵִߵ飬˺ʤ֮ġ
Щ紫ҶĶüͷһδᣬǾֱ뿪ˡ


1894 ̣
ͭսȥҶҲ뿪⴦ɽȣǰѰҡ
ţνĿԵԲֻǶ͸ķ
ȻоԵֻʱδ԰ˡ
ɣɽʱʱıǿĽںն
˵ǽݵ֮أʺܣ׳
һƬƬĻɣֱ鲼Ⱥɽ֮Уر洦ɼ̵ҽʡ
˷أ
һƬɣдһϵĵȣòƽ޶ںһͷǿĽڲɱ
ͷѾﵽۣ벽߾ˣԳ֮Ϊʥˡ
꣡
˫һչ쵶һ㣬ƬĻɣϣϸݺύſֲѺۡ
޶Ӷ׾ȭƱ׾ȴӶÿһýڸѪ
ɢŶĿĽ⣬˫צʥƥ˻
ط죡
޶зȣȭͷصۣӲӲצ֮Щ֮ˡ
취
޶·Ϊ˫ȭЩ˺ˣһ˫򶼴ˡ
ء
ڳ׿־ˣһֱǵƽȻʵǿ󣬵ʵսȷ̫ḻ
Ϊ׾ȭĴˣ޶ϲռˣеʵǿ޵ģʵսḻޱȣڲ׽ս
Ȼ
޶Ȳϣ𶯰˷ֱڽڵ֮ϣƬ̵Ļ㱡
ֹУֻһ˲䡣
Ǳᣬ㱣Ѿעı硣
飡
ѪŽ׷ɣ޶һȭͷڻɱԳ˱壬ʮɳһɽһ㡣
꣡
һ֣һ̺žԪص޺˳ġ
漴ɽһĽʬ׼պá
ƬɣУһ޴񳲣ϧѾˣûʲôڡ
׼ȥʱüͷȻһ£ɫ˲
Ӧ˵εϢԽʥǵĵӣɹǵ߸ⲻѺá
ô꣬˽⵽ͽʥ֮ĶԹ
ǵԹ޷⣬ֻҪ棬ض
ʱδ޶ͻ
˼Ƭ̣׼ݱܷâ뿪
վס
׼뿪ʱһĴȴţһͭսǰסǰ·
սϣθֶд⣬˿ûгֵ˼
ս߰ƺû޶
޶ĬƽĴսϵİˣжʱһ
У˵αǹ°ǰ֮⣬˶ǳǿ
޶ģӵ׾ȭС
һ˿ڱ޶ĳԼõĴУĹ似ɼ޶ϸĵ顣
ң޶üԤеһ˿
Щ˽Ȼ似г׼һսɱ⡣
˵ǿչ·ϴ˺պһǷʵ
һһȣ֮սӶһ˫ȭֱ޶źȥ
ͽʥֻҪ棬ȻҪսһҪκɡ
˵޷ǾǸԼһɡ
顭
޶չ׾ȭӲʮ˻Ѫ˫۷·۶һ㣬ʹ̡
׾ȭȷȴУ
һ˿Ĺâһ䣬ˮ಻ÿһſԵ
飡
޶ֱӱѰᣬһӡؿڣԵ˲ľֱȥ
ۣ
޶һѪǿסȴȻ·硣
ʲôһȺܺǽʥ棡
Įĳ޶ǣͼݿ޵е־
ͬʱĹԽ꣬Ƶ޶Ӧȴ
׾ȭʦȻľҪҪȥ⣬ƾ棬費ͥǰľ
Ȼڣ޶Ѿʧȥ񵭵ľ
ʱ޶ѾףϢ٣һ٣ˡ
ӽ𣬸ιūͣһһɱ⡣ס֮һѽ޶ץݺݵ˵

޶ȻˮеģһѪˮ
ҪɱɱαطϻҪΪūǲܵġ޶ǳҡ
ΪҲɱ𣿡ɫһһӣ޶ѪģӶˣҲ̶á
ȻǵĶ֣ҲӦø㹻𾴣ס𾴶־ԼŹɣƽ˵
ǣӽѵǡһ֣޶һԣûٿһֱۣӽˡ
߰ɣȥԤУвԵĻȻ
˫ǵĹâǳڻ
𡭡
뷢һͭսȥ
˵ⲻ;еһСѡ
֮ڣϣע㣬òҪһһһδһΡ
ߵʱǿһԵ޶˵

޶񣬸оѻ𣬵޿κΡ
ԼʵԺ͵ο⣬׷߶磬׷ȥҲֻȡ衣
֮ܣձذٱ֮
޶ݣٵǱޣҸصĵطˣʵǿ֮ٱҲ١
ѵתԴʱָƣϵӡȴûʧ
ӡʧҪʱʱ̵̿Լ֮ܡ
ʱѾӽƬ򣬾׼һɽѨչ˵ʱͻȻӦһɵϢڷɿĿ
пһ£˿̵ʺٴսˡ
Ȼ͵ϮԼпܻ
벻Ҫ콫εϢݳȥ̩׼
˭
޶ûлͷĺȵҪ֪ѾĻ͵Ϯˡ
ңҶ
ʶķʽ˵
޶һ𣬻ػͷȴһòͨɵЩɻ
Ȼº˵ĻҶǿıԼòͱԴġ
Ҷк֤ݣ޶ǳ侲ʵ
Ǻǣ»ʳ䳡ϣô𣿡ҶЦʶǰ¶Լݡ
Ȼ㣬Ҿ֪㲻ⳡԵġõȷϣ޶ʱҶӭȥ
֣ǡ
޶ӡҶɵóԾѯô¡
һѾ
޶Լκ׷ߣηĳͻԼβУһٵ򵥵Ҷ˵һ顣
УһЩϸû˵ûκġ
쵰
֪ԭίҶŭɶ
һССĵӵ׷ߣԼɸˣҿڳԣ輰ߡ
ǿ̣벻̣


1895 һٶ
һ̣Ҷɢɱ⣬Χ¶ȶ
ӡУ޶һֱΪͣʵͽӲǻ֡
ε׷̫
ʲôҲ˵ˣȰˡ
ƴǣҶֱӴţ΢һ̽ɵŭ
޶ദۣȻǿתԴ޸ˣѺۣǳ
ԴģأѾΣ
һ͵Ĵ֮룬޶ľһܣľ޸
Ҷô֮޸ĵıԴڵľ䡣
Ҷ
޶ۺ⣬ڳ˸м
֪ԼܵжأҶڶʱڽȫ޸ҹڵľ磬ĵͱԴ̫ˡ
ݶ飬Ϊ
ʲô˵ˣݹֻҶƽȻƽȴɱ
޶ƾȻҪٵǱˣһͬ·ȥѰ翵ĿԵħǡ
ͬʱǰﴦħڶ졣
ϲԩңһӵصϵ޾ǿҲӦ
ɣ֮ƾصĸӦ˺ܿϵһͬˡ
࣬һ໥ǣһһͻ
ħһõɮļٴȱΪα͸
Ǿпǿչ·ȱûаãɱá
򿴲ѪԸһ˿·˭ǷǮһžᡣ
ǿлŵĻУǶܿƣȻ϶ףϾûж֡
ңһǿľ߻߽ڣǱֶԵС
ŴͨĽղ壬ħ깥ǿľ߶ޣꪳɳ
ɣҶڷ籩ײ֮·ʯײһ㣬ɢ˵¶ȡ
һ߶һɣǵȥ
ԽǽӽɣǵΧ¶ȾԽߣܶ˶֮⡣
ʵǿһز벽߾׼ʥ˻Ԫصķͱʣ޷ӽ¶̫ˡ
֮ǰ˲аҪǿսһƬɫĻ߶ûһֱӻΪ˻ҽ
һĻס˲ˡ
νĻԵҲǿʵģûǿʵ޷룬ûоʸ
¡¡
սգһͷ񿥵һͭս纣Хһ㣬أֱӺʹħѹ¡
̫
ħ۾ʱˣ˫ɱ⣬ڽһնȥ
Ҳɫһ䣬ӶԷ޼ɵ޲̤ǱԿЩ˿ûнǷ
ңϳսϵļˣǽʥ߳ǿߣʵǳǿ
ȻЩȴǹ°ĽһӴӵǰ
ʣӲ죡
Ȼδһ±³ӵдӣȻǽʥ߳ĵӡɡ
ԩ·խ
Ȼ׼Ƭ磬ΨһĿԵǿձȻײΪ貵Ļ𻨡
Ȼȴû뵽ûнͷʥϵĵӡ

۾һǿҵɱ⣬ֳһͭսֱ꣬ħɱȥ
ϣ
䲻ݷ֮ʣǰĿķ⣬ɫĴֱӺͭսӲһǣ˴ħΣ֡
֮飬ҲŹ⣡
ǳǿƣһж˿壬չѣ磬һ˴ýڽڰˡ
˰벽߾ǿߣȻֻǰ벽֮ȴԨ֮𣬿ɸǿߡ
Ϣϱŷӷգһһ籯˵Ĵһ㣬Ȼǧ
ħаȻħݺᣬʶĹޱȣֱʩչħȾɱ
֪
ǿޱȣʥɢֱӱħ磬ħشĹ޷κֺ
ۣ
ħѪ˳ѣɫӲҰˡ
ܴıԴܵ˼Ĵ־ܵӰ졣
𣡡
ӴŭзţͨһһʩչһõĴһ㣬ŷ⡣
Ҳŭ
Ȼӵдȱĳȴظαߣħˣ˷ŭ
βԸòɿչһͬǴħˣҲܶ
մӡʨӺԡǿķͨ嫵ķʩչ
Ȼھʵ£κ似ã벽߾ǿߣܿġ
ۣ
ѪղҲסԵĹѪֹ
ԳǺʹħҲûܹôֲơ
ΨһһξǺҶд裬ڵԿϣЩҶˡ
ǹؼʱҶ飬¾ͱסˡ
ǿչ·ĴսѪеĳƺţɱÿһűһ
Ȼ죬ȴٴʵ̫ǿˣ֮ԶԶ
£Ա⡣
ͺӣɣʱ̼ŵεĻδɱ䡣
Ҷ˵ɱһ̫ˣѾʧȥɱ˵¡
෴ܹ۷һǿߣǶ˵ҫ
ϧǣǿһǣ˫ԼڣҲԲк³
֪Ĵ߶£߼û
УڻûĽʥͰ˸Ҫ׷ߣϤնɱˡ
ҲǵĲɱܶ߸е˿־壬սҲԸ䡣
Уںϰɣ
ħŭɶǲǿȴԾɲǶ֣˷ŭ
ɲ̵ܹ޶гرϾͱ
֪Ҳǵ˵Ķ֣Ψǰںϣ˫ϲпܺͶһ£ϴˢ֮ǰĳ衣
ۣ
ٴһѪһֱ۲ȻĴѾˡ
ҲʹħںϣһԾΪϣ֤֮󣬽նɱϴˢ֮ǰĳ衣
ȴ֪ھںϵʱҲ˵ںϵĹвֲɲķգǰЩ˸ͲԼںϵʱ䡣
ħںϣȻҪһ飬Ͼ˵ļֵ۲ͬҲͬҪںϷǳѣҪʱȥĥϣ˻ȡſմƽ⡣
ڻõںʱ䣬֮ںҪ֮ȥĥϣвпٲǾԲƽںϵʱġӼѵ˵
ܴȴħᣬȻѾӵ˽ղ壬׼ʥǿǰԽֻӱ
ûںҲӵĶ֣
ǳʮۣ
ħҲ˼ֱǲһ̫ûսˡ
ǿչ·ǿģֻаԲݵˡ
ڴħǣûбǷϣ
ҶڵĻݵһֱֻѹȫħѼӵģ첻ãŲ˵
ߣ
ЦҶģĻһΪǿչ·
Į˵˿飬·˵һǳܹͨһ㡣
䣡
ɲǼ䣬᳡֮֮˾ţ֮վӰͬһӪ˻ûȥ
ƾ㣬»Զ
ʱҶ޶֡


1896 װβ

ֳһļž
˿̣ƺ˷ơ
˾ȣ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˸˵Խʥǵĵӡ
Ĩӣ
һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼҶϡ
˭ô޶һ
Ǵħеʡ
޶ȻΪͣӲ¶ݣȴǷǳ߰ģײȺ
ǲһط߳ģ֮ǰѾ飬޶һ
ǿ޶ı飬ƺ˺ܸмӣǲ⡣
ˣħ̾Ϣ
ȺԽʥǵôбһԲϱ֡
˾ӵΣµεЩ׷Ǿ׷Ź
鳾һҵϽԸաȥǼ֡
һﾹȻһȱȸҶ䣬ףǼ֣ҶӺߡ
Уұ죡
Ҷݺݵĳһ٣龰ˣǱĹͷһǡ
ң𣿡
ҶӺߣ֪Լݣ´ħ׹֮ģ׼ˡ
Ҳ˶һǲҪֳĿʾˡ
Ϊħϸ𣿡
ħ˼תķǳ죬̱뵽еĹؼ
ҶĿʾˣ϶±ħļϸˣӶ˷
Ǿ͵ſϷɣ
ҶҲħˣʣ϶ǵε׷Ǹɵĺ¡
Щ̫ˣȻһٵѳ֣ڱɱô
˵䣬Ҷ޶ѾӺʹħߡ
ꡢ꣡
Ҷźۼָһ֮ӵڣˡ
һ֮ħ뵽ħڡ
ħط߶֮ħΪħڴħ˵ֱʮȫҩ
㣿
ͭսϣϳҶ޶˵
ҵ˭ⲻ֮ǰǵ𣿡
ҼǵõʱƨĹһԣھȻվװβˡ
ǿЦһССϣʲôʸɵιӵĻ
ͭս۷׷ףܶ˶ϳҶ޶ݣȻ֪ôһģȴ˿ûнǷ
ǿҶ޶϶ѡ
˫ŭĿҶ
Ȼδòͨ˷ȴԼĻ
ºγԣ
ĮĵϣܸһĴ𸴣Ҳһֻ棬Ȼҵ֡
ùԳ֣Ϳ·Ц˵
ˢ
˵ĿⶼҶϣν͡
ڴʱӣ˳ڲԶ
Ϊ˱鷳ǲδڲԶͣ
ʲŵһĻҲˣɵЩֻ
УȻַͨʽȥύɹǵˣڳƤٻӣЦ˵
ɹϵЩνţͲǵ׷ǵĶ֡һ׷Ҳ˵
ұԽѵѵ֪һǫˣȴԼβ׷Ź
ڸͣ˸˷ܵĹâ·ѾҶŰĲҲ̶õˡ
Щ˲ͬħӡ޶ȴΪҶġ
һʼǵȷǳŭƺͲʣˣͣҲûбİ취
ҶˣǵȻˣһڴ˷ܡ
ҶǺҲ
ṳ̂ǿչ·֮ǰѾǴһ޵ֵĴˡ
ǰãֱʥǿߵ־ɱ£طʵϮʥǿȫɵĻԻս
βνǿҲºƽѣû˻Ի͵ս
Ŀ£Ҷ˵ܼ򵥣֮ǰԲսҶһܣĶ֣飬ǿչ·ϵһѿݹˡ
ʲô
ε׷͵һӦһЦ
ӺʹħƲ죬ܸԼ𣬻սҶԼԼô
ǶûбֳҶ˵ȻĵڵļһڸЩء
Ҳ׷¶Ц⣬ӣӸһıġ
ЦҶʲôˣһʲôˣƾķҲȥսħϸⲻ
ţ
ԣ
սҶһлܵĻҶħϸΪʲôûɱѵúÿϴ
ǲܵģħϸ࣬ʿʱɢϢôܻŹɱ֣ǿԼĻ᣿
ñڸǽЦ̫ˡ
һ̫˼ˣҶе᲻ɱˡ
ǴÿǽЦ;ҲĲį
ε׷۷׷ףϷʵζŨ
ǾãϰӼֱ̫ĬˣķȻȥսҶħϸ
㲻ֻǸһ϶ѣܺᲢۣһ׷˵
ҶԵιӲĵģ֪߲ˣĮ˵
£һ⣬սϷ£ֱҶǰһ̧Ҷϳȥ
Ķ죬ƺḶ́עȫҶıϣҪԼ·ŭʣ޿κεľʱ顣
Ȼʧˣ
Ҷıû˿仯·ֻһһ㣬۾жǳƽ
ȵȣ
ƺҶпʲô˼ѵۻ
һˣûа㱯ȴһ˿˭
ž
һ̣֪ˡ
ΪİƲûҶϣԼȴ˳ȥѪģ׵ĴѪˮɽȥ
һ˲䣬ȫ±ˣûŪô¡
ûҶ֣ԼȴѾ˳ȥ
ҶһƺŭΪԼֵܱѩܣʴ˿û֡
ܹҶȫһ»ܻѾ漣ˡ
飡
صڵϣʱȥ
ʵϣûصʱѾȥˡ
Ҷһƣ˭ܳܵġ
ҲѾﵽ˰벽߾׼ʥʵҶһ㹻Դ鱬ˡ
һУҶ˦˦֣Ƥѵֶˣ
˼ʯ
޳ܵģûô޳ܵģڣ˵ĺòã
ε׷ǳɵۣʵ˵֮⣬ڶľ£ȻһƳúɳȥ֪߸ǵ֪
Զ򵹳һʵȻûҶôֵģе𾪡
׵ضãԼҲ㲻еһֲ̫ˡ
ߣ޵ӣһĲ˼飬Ըеĺ촽ųoͣһŵ㽶


1897 ͽʥ
˼ʯ
Ҫ˵ģĪڴħӡ޶ˡ
˿̣
һȻ˿⣬·ϵĽ֡
㾿˭
Ӧ֮󣬵ε׷Ƿ׷׺ʡ
ǾԼˣҶ֮ʵ൱ǿ־㣬жϣǾС
ε۾һһ㣬Ҷ˺ܾá
ɢޣҶƽش
ãããĺܺã
û˸ҴҵˣȻ㲻ԸⱨҲֻܽ㵱ͨɢˡ
˵һ֣Ҵ򣬴Ϊֹ
Ľ
һ׷Цһֱӳ֣һǹ磬ɱ⣬ֱҶüĴȥ
Сˣ
ٳ֣ûյʱ򡣡
ǸǹúеĵǼɵʥң
ٳ֣ε׷Ƿ׷ۣ˱ˡ
ʣľº֮⣬ʵǿġ
֮ܣҪ̫ˣܱһʿһƳɡ
ԼҲǳ⣬֮ǰѾҶǳǿⲫĻδռˡ
ԣһʼóǹͼԶķʽҶɱ
ʨӲãȫ
κ⡣

˵ʱʱ죬ǹһ⣬ǹâ£ͻϣ˻˻һһҶȥ
ϣ
ҶĻӦֻһȭ
ɫȭͷصۣ޼᲻ݣֱӽǹˡ
ͻƿռһ㣬ɲǼڳٵǰ
ž
ֻһҫ۵ĴԼǰٷŴ󣬽űеһѷεľʹǰһڣȥ
˿Ҷһȭǹͻأĳǰ̧־һơ
һƣִ࣬ٳһ㣬ԭתȦ󡰹ˡһԵڵϡ
һƣ
ܶ֡
·һ㣬˲š
ħӡ޶ˣϲдžȡ
Ƕó֮ǰ̫⣬ٿȫȻҶһƳɡ
֪䣬ҶʵȻѾ˿ֲˣѹܹնʥ֡
ӣӵɫÿٴαһѡ
֮ǰҶһƳ໹нҵĿܣο潻֣پԲġ
Ȼ
ȴȻû䣬Ѿýˣ
ε׷ǽкõû¾ͱҭ˻ȥĿ·߬ŲӵѼӡ

֮µһľ±һɢǿҵʥһҶȥ
ҵİصۣһ㣬ֲޱߣط·жһˡ
ʥûʥһˮ룬֪콾˳ʥż⣬һ޷
ľɫĮ·ڸһ͵ȵ飬һ߸ϵ̬
ϣ֪ʲôʥ
δ䣬ľ±ҽһˣѪ죬ͷˡ
ⲫӲӲľܣ
ҶֻڵʱͿʥǿˣٵϴǿѳԽͨʥ
һʧľ¶ʱȻ
֣ԼȻЩ͸òͨʿˡ
˵̫ǿˣľƥ䣬Ȼܹʥֱ˼顣
ˣ
Լʥһӣ˲ŴҶȥ
޵ʥʹָ
ңвһЩģʹƷʸһ¥ν᲻ɴݡ
䣡
£ֱӽҶ档
ͬʱϷ˸ʼֲһ㣬֮ڡ
Ϊǿأͷ·һֻ˵
ܶ˶Ϊǣȴ˲ǵĴڣֻӣҲ˵
ķһŵģҶ֮ǰսȷˣкǲ
˿̣ҶѾ֮£ˣǲظ㳤һ
⡭
ħһҪ֣ȴ֪ԼЩ˵Ķ֣Ҳûãпܻװ״

޶ûҶһ㱻ضס͡
ǸֳһƵ΢Цûκαʾ·һжԤ֮С
֮ڣҶ׵ⲽûмųȥڹ۲ʥڲ硣
ʥѾ飬˿ƴѹ
ȻҶȴ⣬㲻κƾҲܿסѹ
ܿ죬Ҷһ˿ʥ·ۼʥ˸һ˽⡣
ৣ
ľɫ䣬ͨ飬Ѿ֪Ҷ״̬ƴҶĹȥ
һϣϣ
ľ֪ƾԼһ˵ѽҶѹ
һֺ̣ܿӶʱ뽫ѹ͸ˡ
ৡ
һк£ŵǷ׷׶֣һֲҶ
һ̣Ҷ·֮һ㣬ӵӱϵһЩ޿ͼҲʧˣ֮ڣ
˽ʥİ֮Ҷ㲻ȴˡ
һֱþڣûԼ޵ı
ʵҲǲҪе۱ڣõż
ԣһֱ涼̫ġ
ڲˣѾڣҪԼĵ۱ֻǸҲС
Ųϧգ֮ڣȥоʥַ
Ѿȫõˣ
飡
һ죬Ӿ𶯣һֲѺۣ
ô

ľ¾Ӷɳˣƴһͼѵˡ
Ȼ
꣡

ӻˣһ̵ͭ鱻Ҷɢˡ
ۣ
ľ¿ѪɫҰףޣѣԼҲܵش
ôܣ
˶ɵˣǰһĻϡ
־壬ڵε׷ӣÿٿҶʱ򣬷·ڿһħ
һδʥʿͽִʥֱһĲʵ
е󼹱־壬Ƶӡ
һ̣еĸоʲôǺ£
ʵԶľˣǶʿĶ֣Լղǲ֪ǳóȻ֡
ǺòӺð磬Ҷ˲ɱ
֮⣬Ҳ֪Ҷ֮ǰˣͲֻǴһ׷ôˡ
ӣһľ
֪ԼˣԳʿֱǴֲеĸ֡
ûĻս֮нһˡ
о·ʸǰ̵ʱɱǿһȥ𾴺Ľ
ħɵ
𾪵ľʣµֻеˡ
ͽִʥǿֱ
ʷϵȷˣδƵ֮ǰͽӭӹ۱ţˡ
Ҵˣֵ֮ҳ֣
ɫĮȻֱӴ߶룬ͭսҶȥ
Уһǹһ㣬ǹâҶȫ¸Ҫ




1898 սΣ
ӳ֣춯أ
ɣǶˣͬʱһȥ
ǶһɿֲĲ綯
Ӽս
һ̣˾ȷжϡ
˵ӼǿߣҲֻǼܹ˿ֲĲǸӦ
̤գͭսֱײƥڱƬϻ
ȻŻɣϣ¶ȱߣϻͲʲô
ϣ
ҶйâһһѪɫսì֣бָΣ˿ûбѹ
һ̣ҶٳɽΡȻ
ɱ
һȣͦǹҶȥ嫵಻֮ء
ϡϡϡ
ɫǹѪɫսìһɲײ˳ǧΣìǹ⣬쵽ǷӦֳԽٶȣ
飡
ڴսͬʱҶһţֱӽ߷ɳȥɵˡ
һ̣ޱȻƽСƦӣڵĻƾϢѹͷѪ롣
ңԼҲôսˣȫԹ񫣬һʿ
ϧֻѣ޷СƦҲǸƢҪԹԵĵǲܵġ
ϣ
˽ԳһߣһӰһܳѪ
ѪޣĴۣڻɣ磬ҲԵ죡
ˣҾȻˣ
𾪣ܲġ
·ۣһ·߸裬δڵл˹ǵһΡ
˵Ҷ
ŭˣ
䣬ͳһͷҰһ㣬ɢޱȿֲ
Ҷԡ
Ϊ˱Ⱪ¶δչֳ򣬸û̫Σֻȭûʵսȫǧɱ۵ʥݻɱζԿ
ǧɱ֮ǧɱۣɱ֤дɱĴۡ
һڲϵɱжȹǳɵ֮Ҳû
ԣɱΪʵõģÿһж仯
Ҷݻģʮ֮߶ѣȴѾֲˡ
𣡡
ŴԶҪһ֮ͬΧɱҶ

Ҷһȣ깲ֱӽͷۻ
ʲôԣҶʩչҲûܹͨƲ⵽ݡ
Ϊãã棬Ըصǿ̫ˣ˶
ԣƾһҪȷҶݼǲܵġ
һ̣˶ŵס˺´ʵĴս
ε׷𾪵Ըӣһ߳ɢޣȻܹ͵ӴսǸо˼顣
Ҫ֪ڵ·ϣӺʹħ޶ҲǴ˺պġ
ԼЩ˶޷սʤܺ͵أ
ɱˣҲȲˣ
ηͳ˻𣬶һǹҶȥ
Ҫ㣡
ҶʾѪɫսì͸ļµɱ⣬ӭȥ
ϣ
˵ǹһײһ𣬲Լͬĸ֣ײһ𣬱ĿĹâ
顢顢顭
˿ٽ֣ɲǼԹϰУ˻ս·һ㣬ɢֲϢ
ֻܿӰڲϵײȴֵ״
ιӱʤ
ε׷Ƿ׷׿ڣΪμźҡ
ħɫƽɣȻһûнһսϡ
飡
Ƭ̣һӰսзɵȥһ·Ѫ
䣡
Ӱײһɽ壬ٴһѪͣڣȽлӻҡ
С
ЩĴαʤ˲ˣֻʣ¾ֵĿ⡣
ǵҲݵӰȻǵΣֱӱҶһȭɳȥǰһƬѪģ߹ǲ֪˶ٸ
⡭
㾪׿־ˣôҲû뵽䳰ȷеһͨʿȻôǿ
ʣɢ޾ԿԲˡ
뵽֮ǰԼ̬ȣ޲óԼӣڵĳӶˡ
ӣҲһĺ£̬ԭһֱҶ̬ȼӡ
ȻҶȴʵжʲôйۿ˵ͣʲôǿߣ
ʵηַӱŰɱǡ
Ȼųϣ֤𣬵ȴҶԱ񣬱ѹƵû˿֮
ҶǳֵĻһܽɱ
ֱӵӣҶûнǵɶ֣Ǻˡ
ȻͬʱҲеһ˿ҡ
˭ҲԸֲĶ֣Ƕ˵ֱѡ
úã
ħȲʣ˷ܵĲһǣ˴ʱ۵죬ѡ
Ӻ޶ǳ𾪵
Ҷ̬
⻹ûʥأ۶ѣȻѳʥȹ̵ĵӶСƨһҪͻǵϣʥ֮ǻ˵ã
սϣҶֳѪɫսìȻվ·ûκ塣
ʣûжȫʵֻķӶѡ
֣ħ̲סǱ̬𣿻ò˻ˣ
˱˵ȻӰ
˷Ľʵĸ̾
֣ͬõθеˡ
ԼѾҳˣȴûһ·ղŸԼսĲһԿ
ҳŭˣ
θоԼͷðˣŭĻպ˫ۡ
һ̣ŭ£׼Լ׵ĽҶƴ
һ콾ƽδһܡ
죬׳ʧܵζģԾѹˣҲҪֲĶֶɱҡɳĻᡣ
ֳ֪ɳôЩνڴǰǸЦ
ʲô۵ķɣ
ʲôͬ޵У
Ҷڹ͡
ԽսԵӣͬǳǿƣ˿ˡ
䣡
һɾֲϢӵεϱ׼ƴˣ
ҲУȼսҲͬԣȷҪԵ֮ǰֳ
˶ԷͼҶ⣬ֻǷľ档
ȻûмεɱУ֪ȻǴ֮ӣɱԲ򵥡
һ£ǵĶɱеĻʵݡ
һݱ¶Ʊػݾߣħţ
Ը⿴ģ
ţǸˣڿԵûг֮ǰԲκƴġ
еĶԹѲҪбҪĻǳУҲпж
ͬҶԤϵһԥˡ
ûаܹҶɱ֮ǰûܱƳҶʵ֪Ҷĵ߾
ںҶĻҲ˵ܷʤҶܹҶնɱԼҲȻҶķԪˣпͬھ
Ǹʱ򣬿νĿԵͺҲûκιϵˡ
һ̣ﻢ£ֲǣҲǣһʱ
ջǵĿԣԵ֮ǰҪκˣҿԵʲôûҲһֻ棬Ȼҵ֣
ҶԭⲻĽ֮ǰ˵Ļ˻ȥɫ䣬ҧ˸
Ȼ
ƱǿһϣҲҶĶ֣ҶܹĲϾɱѾǵڻˡ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼ˵ϣξϡ
ɫϱãҶܾãиᡣ
ʹߣ
ʵڲģ
Ҫ֣ûбʤİա
䣡
ԥʱ򣬻ɣǵͻȻʥ˸оˡ
ߣڣ
һĻھЭһӵشӦҶȻԼ׷Ǳ뿪ˡ
ħеϧ뽫ε
ʱպسɴ󻼡
޶ǿϧҶûнһͷȥҲ硣
ⲻ֪ҶѾ˻ƽͿȸһ磬ϧȴ޷һԼ
ڵδ뿪֮һҲ׼ߣаҪҶע⡣
Ȼʲôʲô
ħҶӭȥָһ˵ʲôˣ
ǣ
Ҷһӣӣųಡɫˢһ±òҰס
ǰҺйһ֮ԵЩ̤ҡ
ҶĻû˵꣬ħ۾Ѿˣ˵ֱӳȥӣһͨ⡣
һ
޶Ҳ˹ȥһ˱һȭ
𣡡
һţҲ˹ȥֱȴħڣ
ôͿˣ
԰ӣӣڴħħͷǰû֮أܿˣڵĳӶˣ




1899 ɢޣԶ


Ҫɱˣ
˹Ǻñסбޱȡ
ħӡ޶˶һûýǵ˳Ͳ񴷱⡣
ᣬѪԴ׵ͷͷ֪˶ٸڵĺ޲Դײǽ
˭ãƫƫɷǣⲻҲ
Ȼһ٣ȴȼƴֻǱͷܣɥ֮Ȯ
ǺȼƴĿ϶ǡ
@#%
ӣѵÿҪֿˣаѡ

Ȼû˿ϧ֮ģԼû˿á
ȻԶʵ̫ǿħӡ޶ù
ǰȫûκá
˿̣ӣȫûӵķ緶ױֵøͷɢң׵ϸߣ۾Ϸˡ
ʱһ澵ӵĻ²ñ˶֣Լͻɱ
飡
㱻޶һǴˤֱ֣ķɳȥ졣
һߣӣҲһȭɣӶˡ
ѪУƽʱһׯϵĵõɮӣʵϳȴħڡ
ͺ¿ɵƯ
ħѵÿһΣһŷɳҿ׷߷ֱ߳ȥ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ĸͣ
һͷƴӴܡ
һ̣ȫû֮ǰ£ΨҶİ©֮һ㣬ֻԼܵĲ졣
һͨйħ˳˲٣һɨ֮ǰıƣҲû׷
ҾǣԺҪɹǵߣһһһαһΡ
ħԭⲻ˽˵ĻתǣѶûա
һ򣬲Եڵϡ
У
òưǺò⻹ò˻ˡ
ȻȴͣҴҵ뿪ĵĵط
˭
ħǿ󣬺ܿ췢֣ڲԶɽʯ󷽲һˣʱһϺȡ
𡭡ᣡ
Ǳصʿ߾˫˳±ħΧŹˡ
ղ˵Ĳ״ȫ̶ˣ֪ħ˵ǿĺֺڡ
˵Ǹʲôģħζ״ʵ
ħڵ˿̹Żˣɢ˿ֲϢ㽫ˡ
ûûʲôֻ·ʲſλչ¾ǣŶ
˱Żˣдſǻ
𣿡߹ƭүȥ
С˵ʵλ
˿̣аڣûϹʲô֣ǻˣ
ˣ߰ɣΪ
Ҷħǣ͸Ӧ˵Ϣ֪Էֻ·ġ
ҶڣħȻ᲻ӣ󷽷Ľ˷ˡ
Щǲҿģ֪𣿡
ħѵʿһţӣҶ̿
ħŽ
ùʿ֮Ҷħ͵͵Ǳǿչ·ŻɱᾫӢ߼޻ħ˵һ顣
ģ̫ħ۾ʱˣɱڡ
аˮݣ
ǿޡ壬飬ħſ̹ǵĳޡ
ǻĴʣֻ֪ɱ¾ͻʱɢϢǿԼ
аĹС
ħȻħڵħںħ£Ϊ࣬һֵܷġ
Ǵ壬ݲð˽˶Թ档
еǰ˶Žһ¶⣬ħЩǵóѣ彫һλԵĴ
ҶӣһݣȻʵǿҲԸ⾡һ΢֮޶岻ݴǵ˵
ôƶɮҲҪһݡӴ˿ֵָֻõɮ״̬˫ӡׯϵ߹
ã
Ҷ侲ľܾǵĺ⡣
ħսħѿУΪϴɣ֤ס
ǣĺ˽ƻ쳣һ˿̾ͻԶݣʱǾˡ
Ϊ˱ݾߣҶȻֿܾж
ǵĴݾߵĻ֮ǰͰͬˡ
նɱħ콾еһ£ܼˡ
ңЩħ콾ǵĹֶ൱Ϭ֮кǿĸʴá
ûܽĺնɱԼȥ
ǿ͵ʴˡ
ǷֿжǾ̩ǻϡ
Ҷ˵ڵʽǳ΢ڲԵûг֮ǰÿ˶ܿƣһԵ֣һҵսûʵģֻܱ̭ʵȷǿǺЩȻ㣬ΨŽпܺ˾
أ
ħĬȻ֪ҶĻȻЩ̶ȴʵ飬ƾǵʵ޷Щȥ档
ҪֻڵҰܸõĽһ򾡣󻼣Ҷ˫տտɱȻ
Ѱ·
ɣǣĺ˵֮
һĺǣϢѹƷǳԡ
˵ǵʵܷӳȫʢʱڵİ˳ɾͲˡ
ðɣԼСģ
ħҲ֪Ҷ취õģģпܽЩħһ򾡡
ңǲΪҶġ
ƾڵʵԲɡС𣬷ûκε
·꣬˰ԲЩҶҲδػ䡣
ָ𣬴ħ˺ܿʧԶĵƽϡ
ҶҲ뿪ʧڲãĴϣ
һսδסˣڵվʹ˳ȥˣڻɣ˾޴ĺ䶯
ȻǸùʿϢй¶ȥģȫ̿Ҷͽʥǵӵ֮Ĵս
Ȼʵôܹ̤ɣǣеġ
ɫ£Ҷɢ޵Ѹٴں죬Ϊ̸Ļ⡣
ʲôⲻܣһͨɹɢޣȻܽѹƵûл֮𣿡
ɢͽֽʥˣ߾ʥһغ϶û߱㱻شֱ֪췽ҹ̷
Ϣһʱûһţ̫ˡ
ɹ߳һɢޣȻѹʥǵĵӣ̫ˣ˾òʵ
һʱ䣬ɣϵȫ֪ˣм䣬һɹǵɢޣʵֲ㣬ȫǿչ·ǿļ˿⡣
УҪһˣ
˶ڸпһܹսʤӵǿߣǰѸٶ԰Բ˶в
̫ˣɹǵĵ̹Ȼ߳һɢ޶ôò˻ˣ
ʥǵˣһɹ̫ǿˡ
ѵʷҪ˲ɣ
ɣһƬ𶯣˶Ȼˣ뵽˵ǰһ·ս۵Ĵ˵




1900 ֪ߵغ
һսҶɢ޵ͷǳ״ˡ
ս˶Ŀ࣬ȻҲƽ
϶ҶСӣ
֪Ϣ֮󣬰̱϶ǸνɢޱҶɡ
û˻ôݡ
ʲô
ƽ⣬ҶҪΪλ˸ߵ½֪
ɣǽƽ֮Ҫսˡȸ˵
ЩνǲĶѣܹЦƣһɧޱȵıضҶСɡСƦӻƽɧ˵
˵˾˻
ǺͿȸⷬرʾͬ
ǿʲôν𣬸ҶЬ䣬ʱգƬ棬Ҷ޿ǡ
˸߲ҵΪҶɢעҪǰƬʱ򣬽ʥǵĵӵεȴеޱȵı
ܲ
Ϊӣ˵ЦƬǿչ·ҲһľۣܹƥеģӦͬΪӣܹʱڵľ࿹׼۽Ѫ
ڣ߳һɢޣܹŰҲűشģޱȱͷŭ
̫Եˣ
ǵκ׷һµͷ
᲻ԵһҵսѾһܹᵽֵˣǱ뾡ͽʥǻϲС
ε׷ľ¿ڣгؿ־ͼɵ
˷׷׵ͷ
Ҷĳ֣Ѿ˵˭ұ֤֮ĻԵսвðʵǿɢ
ԣΪ֮ƣֻп֮ĻԵãܿ͵ʴףԼȥ
ĻҲ޵ɫ۵ײĹâһ֣ͽʥǻϣҪǸͷ¶βұŵڻԵսиѪĴۡ
ǣ
ľµӦǣ˸ѪĹâ
ǿֻҪκͰ衢ʥκһ˻ϣʥǽΪλԵսӮҡ
޶ż
ľνͰǻϵͬʱƹ׼ĻŮӣҲѰǵӣǿչ·İԲ졣
硭
ܵίĺһһһѵĽԼͼӴ׵Բ˵һ顣
һҧ۵һ˿ײĺâ磬ǸɢҲˣҲ˵ʲôԲ죬ȡţ13壬ǸѣνһЦֻҪһ֣ɽȫɱ
ʲô
ԲŭɫܵˮһͷĹһ㣬˫ѪȵĹâӣʵ˵𣿡
ţ
԰ԲǿƣһԼΪŵӣӣֵһֻС
ȻΪ˼ŭԲ죬ֽǸޱͿ־ɢ޻ɱѡ࣬㡣
䣡
һɭȻɱӰԲϱŷ¶ȼߵĻɣϣԾɸܵ˳ǵĺ⡣
ãܺãõúܣ
Բ촽һɭ˵һû˿֮ȻԳǾûҪǿ֮·ˣһֶĲӣ֪ʲôкĪ
磬ضŭΪһֻϲֵáȻڰԲ̲סһüͷ
ݵ֮ĻŮӣ̷ӳԼеľ裬ÿһǣǰһʥŮнĲԲȥ
Ҿ㣬Ժ׼ڶҲھɱ㡣ӣһԼԲޱ˵
⡭
ӣӾ֣Щǰ˿á
һ̣еĸܵʲôǱӣڰԲУ˵ˣ׷ߵʸûС
߰ɣ
Բ쿴һֺۣõĻһһġ
л磡
ӣ˫ۣûҶͲмȫʧˣ·һʵĹ
ɢ¼£Զ˶õϢݺݵһѡ
һԵñžĻɣ˲ۼǿչ·ϵľӢ
һԪŨĵطĬĬ˼ʲô
󣬰׷ǹһɢǿϢ
֮£òͨɷԵòˡ
Ȼû˸Сɣִһδ棬ɸƵĴ档
֤ɷ֮ϣһɣռĿ꣬Ҳҽֵԭ
˵Ҷһ·ˣ֤̫ͬͬǣҷŲ¡
ڲǰɢޱʥǵĵӵε顣
˲ͬеȣֻǸ̾߳һ˶ܹΪ·ľ֮һ
εķ粨̫ˣ½ɹǺܿܳΪͷ⵽ǵһ½ɱɵһ׷߾֮󣬶Ե
޷Щǲ룡
˫գԴį˵·Ҫˣڵɹϣҵĵطˡ
˵ͳпΪ֤ĻԵһȥɹһ⡣
ϴɹǵô£Ϊʲôֻɹǲܿɽ֮أһɵڴֵ׷ʵ
׷ߣܺ͵ٮٮߣͽֲɱͬ׵ǿޣֻԴЩ̫⡣
׻˵õ٣ͻʧȥ٣ϼﵽһ£ǻȻǷȱ
ǻ۲ģǲʿǽ
˵ٹɣԲŸɹǣɷ֮ͨ磬ֻʱδûҳˡ
ɲûΪɵ޴ͷϸĸǽһԼ֪Ĵ˵
Ϊɵ棬Ҳһǳ档
֤ǰһ⣬ȥԵһͬɡɺǧɣ·ֻҪԼȥˣɷ֮žͻһ
л٣
׷Ƿ׷׸жһЧңǳ
һ̣Ƿ·ɽ֮Լ֡
ʣ׷һޱȷѡԼϵҫͻԻ͵ǰ̡
Ȼɽ֮磬ôΪʲôûнأɵɻ˵
ãڹ֮˵ûʲôģֻҪѰҾһܹҵ
Ȼ۶ˣʧˣûһ۴ǳˣܹڵġ

̾˿ҡͷĴֵزе޿ɾҩˡ
ôһ˵ɵƺҲԼһô޴⣬ɵץץͷֵһЦ


1901 ħ
ں嫵Ļɣǣǧʿǲ׺һڣ
߲ͬħ羫ӢĺǶܹ໥ϵĽǾںεأܹһʱ໥ϵϡ
ɣҲ⣡
ڽɣ֮ǱԤеĹϣǵʵѹƵĺ
ӵαѪǣԼᱩ¶
ͻϮ£ûܶùǵľɱЩҲС
ڻɣ֮ĺͨǾ򻹻ŵɵ´
ڲ¶Լǰ£֣ɱ徫Ӣ
Ļ˵ÿɱһľӢһΪɨƽϰ
ڻŵħ˵ִУȻ˵ȴѡ
֪Ҷ֮˶ˡ
һ棬ڸϣԸţǸ棬չ˵Ĵ磬ȻǴħļϸ
һ棬ϣֲܲʵìܡ
ʿʱܶζԥˣɱֵģȴѡ˷
ԭ򣬵ʵԶûĺô졣
ңԥĺ˷ǳҪЧȡ
ֻǽǿչ·ǳףô˵Ҳħӡһ޷ıġ
ڵ֪ɢ޵֮ĺ̸оˡ
Цһ֮óǾע֮Ǿ϶ʱ⻪˸ʿɵġ
ע⣬ѰʱϮɱ壬ʿΪֳ޻ǡ
ĺǾдһϢȥ¶аЦݡ
һлˮܹЧĶɱľӢͬʱ߼޻ߣǳΪǿչ·ǵĹС
ҪǣѾ֪Ҷ磬ǶɱԼֵõı
ҶģҾͲʼ޶ԡ
ĺ̵Цˣɭףĺ˸
̲סʱ򣬾ڵˡ
ļƻνܣĲνݶ
Ȼȴ֪еļƻûӹҶ۾
յϢ֮Ҷһ˼ĺնģɫ˲
ܲʿ˲٣ҵ֣һжջһЩ
ûö೤ʱ䣬Ҷ뵽ƾͼƣƵĲԣֻҪ֪λã˱ˡ
Ϣȥ֮ҶĵĵȴŻ
˭˵أЩʿǳ֪֪׵ˣ޷Ϯɱ
ŶˣṩλãҺƤ۾㸽ԶҰλ÷㣬Լɡ
Ϣħ徫ӢߵƤͨǾϵǰһ
ܺã
ҶĮĻ֣վɱȻڵλøȥ
һ̣ɱĴ㣡

ھҶڵƬӲĴزԶһƬƬɽһƬƬɣֵ׺С
¶ȼߵĺ֮ϣ˻ɣ֮⣬ûֲܹ档
һ˵Ļ˻ɣֺͽ֮⣬κﶼ棬ᱻ˲
ȻǿʿȴڴУ
Ϊﵽһ̶ȣ˻ԪطͱʵģųȵĹߡ
һЩ˵Ļʵʥء
ΪĻУɲ㲻Ŭ
ƻգҰ̵ݽũ﹫Ӱҡ
һŶһڲ񣬴Ϳʿӻɣ߳
˳ߣƮݣ׿ȺƮƮȻ֮š
ֻǡŨЩ
ǣоȻҡһȣȷǳر𣬾Ȼʥ
ҶģС̫ˣ˵ֵǸ죬㾹ȻԼˡ
Ʈݣ׿ȺļһȻĵ۴̩һڣ֮ǰȫûˣ·ֱһͨˡ
ɣǶйɢ޵飬ȻҲ˵ˣҵһʱµνɢ޿϶Ҷ
뵽Ҷǿչ·һ䶯飬̩ɵð̾
һﻹÿʧһʱ䣬ΪǣȻҪһ䶯һʱĴ¡
֮£ȻֻѾ߾Ϊ׼ʥǿߣȴ֪ԼҶ֮Ĳ࣬ƺԽԽˡ
Ҫ֪˺ܴޣһѪսнʵ
ҶȴǰѾԺɨʥǿˣ࡭޵ݡ
ҶȫͬҲԭģҪûĻԵؽһɳ졣
ĵ۵꣬ڳɷһ仰ɱһ׼۾۵ǿߣǿɲǴġ
ڻɣ䣬Ӣܺδȥֻϲɣ
һŶ̩һԶȥʵؼԪһص֮У֮С
ÿһЩʫʵȻ
⣬űҲһЩֲ̺Ѱ跨ˣҲʵ
ͻȻ̩üͷһ壬ӦǰԶֲĲд򶷵
ʣ϶ʿ֮䷢ìܡ
ǿչ·ϣֻǿȨûйʵһС
ʵܹõӦĹƽûʵʲôǣû˻ߡ
Ϊ·ϣÿ˶Ǿ֣ѵָ㹫ƽǲܵġ
²ؼ߸߹ԭ̩ǲЩµģǶ
ȻȴҲһű˵ģԸ⿴ʬʬ˶ûС
ͬģʹսķȥ
ڣĻᱻ˽ɱˣϾҶı̬֮ٵġ
䣡
ǰĴսˣƬɽ뱻ݻ٣Ϊƽء
ǲú
ԭҶ˵ģǲħϸ
ƴˣҲҪǵ汳
սŭʿħ徫Ӣɾڽڰˡ
˵ħ̫֮ˣȻͻܸʴ
һӴǱʧأֱӱɱˡ
ֱǶ似ŨϢ¶ǵݣЩ˲ŻȻ
֪ˣ̫ˣ˭Ҳ߲ˣҶСӽΪǱڹ
ħһӢߵƤЦʩɱ֣Ƶü˲òȼƴ
ǣѾɱ⣬ֻʱ⡣
սپҪ˷ʱˣñ巢֣¶˭ҲˡЦſڡ
ۣ
һצֱӽһʿץ˳ʺ໹
֨֨
ɫֱӽǿŴѪĽ׽Ѫ˳ǵ
ס֣
龰̩ߣһȣзɳƤħϸնȥ
Լȷأ
̩ȻɱУǶĵȴӦ硣
һɫֱӽƤݷ棬ЩͨԴϢ֮
ҪסǣΣ
һ֮ȣӲɫʴһݵ߳
ǵڣ˭Ҳӣ
һֱ̩ȥ
ˣţƤһ˾ͿԸ㶨ˡ


1902 Ͼɱ
䣡
սƤһģ޾⡣
෴ʿȴڽڰˣεķŭ벻ʣҲԸı
꣡
ѪŽƤײһѽһʿ˺ˣԪҲϢ˲丯ʴ
һĻʣµ˵һһۣ׷ȼ̥ս¡
Ǻ˿ٲƴĻһƴĻᶼûˡ
ħĹ̫죬֮ǵвǳǸⲻӦ
¡¡
Ƭɽڴսನбݻ٣ԲʮڻΪһƬ棬µҽ˳
Ȼȼ̥ԾɲƤ۵Ķ֣ʮϢ˱ȫޣ֮ʴһѿݹǡ
ͬʱ̩֮սҲﵽ˰Ȼ
̩ȻԼȷм򣬵ϢǰԾЩ׽⣬ƣӦ
ۣ
˽̩һѪɫҰףڣͷѪȾˡ
ٺ١
ЦһɫָϲдƤѪֲ
Ȼ̩ͷϵµģƤⶼץһ飬˿ڣϵźѪ
Ϣ˳̩ľƤڸʴ
ü̩ʶƾһħǿԸˣһڳֵĻԼ׶༪١
ģ
̩һȣ·޾ǿյľͷһ㣬ȽԼ
ýսֻԼڲ֮أʰħļϸ
̣ĥ
ȣʱҡضط·һĥһ㣬ϣƤѹ¡
¡¡
̺һӲƤ˼м䣬󻺻ת֮ɱС
κβǣ
һŭһ챾Դħһ֮Ӳ̶ǿվͷ̩ȥ
ҿ
Ƥ۱һ·ٵصľħһ㣬ӲѾ̻ˣһħһڷ裬˫⡣
䣡
챾Դħɵ֮̽޾ǿգһһŵǳֱ̩в߲źľɢؼ䡣
̩һ亹ֹĹȻֲĶƣвһ˿õԤС
Ȼ˿Ѿﻢ£ҪͱҪħϸնɱսܣɡ
ħϸǾ뿪ģǵݾͱ¶ˡ
ħϸѣֻҪ֣ȻɱУκλڡ
ɱɱɱ
̩ڣһɫɱִбų̫ɣ˸貵Ĺâ
ɱһߣɱȥ
֮飬ҲŹ⣡
˿壬һħնأ˸ڹ⣬ɱȫ飬â޾ǿվͷ̩նȥ
벻̩ȻƵֵز
̧̩̾п֣ÿһֶ·ط֯ɣ˵ϡ
һƪűģĵһƬŵеĽѰġ
ű׼Լʥ
ıģ̴۵ķȻֻδ򣬽Σ
ȻѾǳֲˣµĶֻһͰʥļֵ
ΪЩڴߣմȾ˴Ϣⲻ
ο̩õĻĵıģȻӿֲ
һϵӡ֮УɢֲĲ
ȥ
˰˸֣̩һѾľϵѪУһ֣˸ϵɢſֲϢ˲佫ħϸС
ĥ𣡡
̩һָ׻ؿڣγ˵ͷѪס˵İ˸ַȥ
رȾѪ˲âţ֮Ҫĥ

һһħ񣬳ҵ֮ƣӲ俪һǣ˳
ĵ۵ıĲǿֻ̩Ŀǰ޷ӳѡ
ɱ
һƤǰлӲƵģһұն£Ѫ罦

̩ҽУɫ԰ֽƴת֮Ϯ
ʵһУҲǾӢˣɱ㣬϶ܹøϢƤĿڣгڴ
ǿʱɢϢ˵ǾԵĲƷ
ʵԽǿɢϢԽŨʹǸʵ
Ҳڽǿչ·֮ǵʵ˷ٵһҪԭ
ǿԳϮɱʿԻô֮
ҪǣҲ˾ɱ¾ǲ֣ƾǿɱʱɢ֮ǵʵ
Ҫ𣿡
̩ķ֣Լʵ޷ħϸ⣬⡣
֪ܲģ̫ˣ޷ıôŭ벻ʣûáƤ۵Ц˵
˵е飬ΪǵǿģֵԴ
ŭɣʰɣԽǷŭʱɢϢԽŨڴΪṩϢһϷʵ˵
̩Ĭˣ֪ħϸ˵ĶģĲġ
£Ҳ޾·ۣѪǲɱģȴҵȥΪħϸǿϡ
ŶˣǸҶǺѶ԰ɣǵϡƤЦ˵һĵ⡣
֪ԩģǾҪԩܰôʵ㣬˵ûǴ˴һ˾ŸˣֻϧѾֵˣֻʣˣҲܹͬǿչ·ΣȮ
ħϸ̩ⷬŭ񣬺޲̽ʬΣΪҶϴԩ
ϧ֪ԼʲôҲˣ˵˿ԱûУ̸ΪҶϴԩء
ְɣʲôҲò̩һӡ
ܵңȻǹݺҶܷŭ֪ͬԼԽǷŭͲʣʱɢ֮ǾԽ
ԩѣѵһ㶼Ƥ۲ʵ
ҺȴԸġ̩ƽ˵֮ǰɱʿȴһ㣬Ǿǡ
һЦʲôЦѵ𣿡
ǵȻ˵ȻҪڲʿһЩ飬ȻҪ˽ġ
ؼֲ֮һմȾһմȾؽһУڻ֮䣬ڣϢɢ
Ƕһǲ̫˽⡣
̩һǵѪգЦĵ۴ˣΪ˶ԸǺǿĻᣬĵ۴һպҴ
˵䣬̩˱һɿֲĻϢƤ˴ʧɫ
̩ɣҲ
̩׼Ĺؼʱ̣һصĺ
ţһӰ縡Ӱһ㣬ɲǧǰ


1903 
һǧ
һȣһһ֣âÿһâɶգƾ졣
໡
һ𣬷ֲֿ似ս˼¡
ˢ
âһ̩ԭʧˣֱӳԲµģһϵӿȥڵϢƳ
ͬʱȵ֫ұۿɼٶţѹϢ
ɱ
˶˵ֱӻӶȭͷħᾫӢȥҵȭâ˺ա
֣лˣˣе̩׷һм˵
ٷϻϽˣҳŲ˶õġºĻͬʱħᾫӢչǿĹ
Ϊӣºǿӹɵģһжһܹ˴ú޻֮
䣡
º˫ֻӶһĪĹ켣ݻ»ʴ۵ĵɱϯãأһ»Ӱѹʮء


ƤŻˣʵѾͻ߾ӣ
飡
ºһĳ»ʴӰͬжѹ磬һ赲ɨʮء
ˣ
˺һƷħ൱ڼƷʥͬ߶ϧħٵҲҪסֲһûκλᡣ
䣡
ƷħըֲĲӲºɫһ󳱺졣
ǼըħҲ»ʴӰĴ»貵̻ʧˡ
ߣ
ħᾫӢһۣӱ˴˵п˷Ŀ־塣
º̫ǿˣֲֿĵ㺮ٴȥ㱩¶ԼҲȶǿ
ħʿĮɱ¾ΪϷֵԼʱȴ
֪Уȼ֮ˣٶӶݣºɱôǾˡ
ΪѾûеڶƷħģסǳ֮һ
ºû׷
һֲֿڶʱҲֻʩչһΣ׷ˣҲδܽնɱ
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أ̩£ʧˡ
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˵ģħ岢ѣˮĸıԼò
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ʱҶȫһƵӣϤҲڶʵڷֱ
ħڲ͵Ϯɱ徫Ӣ֮֮Ҳͬİ취Ϯɱǡ
ҶŲ׷ǲ紩Խռһ㣬һɣգۼʧˡ
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Ҷοħ似ȷм˺ҲͬԶɼ˺ֻҪڹʱдѪˡ
ħõľ飬ѪħҲм˺ģֻǺ뵽һ㡣
ģһ㱨
ҶɱȻóǾƤϵҪ˳ϣҳ̩
ѵΪдսĺۼ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ǾдһϢ
ˣǱ¶ˣ
ܿ죬Ƥ˱ҶϢ֪֮ǰĴս飬ҸҶѾ¶ʺںˣһǣڵġ
ȻѾˣǾͱҪıԣ
Ƥ˵ϢոմãҶͨǾֽյĺϢ
Ϊ˱Ⱪ¶˷ͷжҪٻһˣңҪжڶʱھܶϮɱһЩţɢϢ޻磬˵ʿΪҶĺ˳Ϊǿչ·ϵĹУһǾͰȫˡ
ĺ˼ȷϮɱŵصߣ߼޻磬ԴﵽˮĿġ

֪Ϣ֮ҶɫһƬ࣬ǿҵɱƲסıŷɱ絶ƥ
ôˣ
º̩ѯʡ
ֻҶŪһǾɫϵı仯ŷɱ⣬Χ·һӽ˺һ㡣
Ҫ֪ڻɣϣ¶ȼߣܹ˸µĻбŷǿҵɱ⣬֤Ҷεķŭˡ
ħЩ׼Ϯɱطߣ޻硣Ҷ˵
ڸô죿º̩˶һۣҶѯʵ
Ҷ˼ȻҪ޻ǣǾͱ֮ǰϢȥһǳɹߵĻ߽Ϊǿչ·ϵĹУʱǽ
ô죡
˵ͷΪҶİ취ҲĿǰõİ취
ȻûǾʹ˷ֱǻ辡ʹħǻϣһսɱ⣡
Ҷü˵ţãɣǽʷǰĴս




1904 Ҿ
ͻ䣡
ҶºǷֱ󲻾ã㴫˶űϮɱ飬ɣ˾޴ĺ䶯
һƬȻ·ԼĿ
̫ˣ
ǵ·ۣ⣬Ҳ˲̰ɣ
ദƵϢһ˸ɵġ
Ӿߵݽ棬̫ݶˡ
ʵǿǱǿڷ˾㤣ܶ˶סˡ
ЩɱǿߣȻ˵һǿչ·ҲʵǿǱǾˡ
ؿɳΪһʥһƬأΪһ֮һ
ȻȴڶʱͬʱϮɱᵽһ˿ζ飬»
ΪȻû˷־˭ǲ
±ʿΪ
һʱ䣬׳˵һƬȻ󲨣˺ܶ˵Ĺע
Լã
ǣҳԣɲ˵һ͵ǿݣ˵Ҫ֤ݣ
ºƽʱΪǫͣһЩʿõǷ׷׸շ˵Ҫó֤
λض֪һλɢޣʵô˻ᣬҵȸƣεĿԵǱŽͬԿʿҰģǵıóѡ
ܿ죬˱˻Ӧ֮䣬һƬХ𶯡
ֹؼʱ̣̣Ϯɱߣ£úܶ˶ʾ
Ȼڰ߷壬ʿ˵ӣΪʸ֮ġ
Ĳν񶾣һӽʿƵ۵ķ˼⡣
鲻Ƕƭˡ
ħϸ߼޻Ǿ޺λΪе˼
ͬһʱ䣬º̩˷ֱͼ˵࣬ơ
ȻЧ΢֮ǰ£ûǡ
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ΪҶǣûг׽ħϸһ֮ǰй¶κϢֻܴʣưͿ
һʱ䣬ڻɣϵĴüΣգпܻ⵽ߵֽɱ
Ǳǿ߱ɱǷֱԲͬĹڵǸеǿ߷׷ŭҪº˸һĽ
ƨǶǰ׳ЩɱģƾʲôҪǽ
֪Ϣ֮ƢĴħ̷ɣǣܶ˱øλ󶯣޲̽˳⡣
̫ˣҪǸۣΪ߱𣡡
ûʿ߳ɢޣûнҵȷҪΪԼĿۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥǵĹŵӵΣ׼ۺὫʥ˷׷׷ìͷֱָˡ
Щ˲֪ߵغΪ˸ɢޱ֮ϣбҪһĽѵףǿչ·һҵġƹİԲҲ֮󷢳һƬ䶯
ʥ磬˲е⣬ΪǱ𣬶ƹİԲҲЩѰζˡ
Ҫ֪ʥͰԲ춼ǿչ·ϵǵĻһϵ־Ӱܶˡ
̫ˣҪõӦеĳͷǷ׷ۣʿȷʵЩˡ
λͬʱˣɣ˾޴ĺ䶯
ʶҪʿһδϴǿչ·Ҫϴˡ
һ粨󣬿ǿչ·ĸֶᷢ޴ĸı䡣
֮ײνһԤݣҲǵ·ϵһβõײ
ˣĹʿشЩ
֮һذϢٴˡ
ǺˣʵӣѪ֮ǿޱȣΪҲԼǿ֮С
һӣȻͨʿЩɱǴΪ𾪡
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ʶھԵҪܶԭ͵ǿ߶סˣ׷¶
ʲ裡
ʱСվʾҪΪΪӱӵʿն֮
СϬɫݣ磬ѤãȲǳӢΰ
ǿչ·ɱ˺պΪܹɡԲ˲еĻ־
ңԶ쾡ͷһƬɽУͻȻ˼磬һűһǸ˵ңҪ֪˭ɱ㣡
һʲôʡ͵ĵƣһҲʡġ
֪ϢҶ̫Ѩһͷʹӡ
˵УҶܿжϳϮӲشıȻǰһɡ
Ԥе˲ˣضøӸӺͼ֡
һ죬ӱǵҰһ˵Ϣ
Ϯ޳ܵļһﲢ壬׷ħϸҶͷǺͷޡ
Ϣٴ˾޴ĺ䶯
һʱûҶϢѾˣΪӹһǿߵΧˣѾˡ
һжٴǼǸе־֡
ҶľǴ߳ġ
ȻħйᣬΪʲôĶģȴǰȻ
Ⱥ鼤ܣǷ׷ۣΪħᣬΪֻʿûбɱ߳ǿȴ׷䣿
һʱ䣬ìͷȫָ磬ʿͰǳɣߵĹУ˶뽫ҳ
ȥˣ˭֪һ᲻ֵңҪʩѹ
ϳ֣Ϊֻعǿչ·һƬ
һʱ䣬ϣº˳˾޴ѹ
ǺǿȴҲûǿܹΪеĳ̶ȣЩǲǡ
ãã棬ǲһܶ϶д۵ŲĴУ㲻
Ϊɹǵ磬ܶʱ򣬶ϲȥӣѰҳɵĻԵ
Ҳ˼ȫĴ۶פ˲ĵͳ
ȻȻˣҲܺǿչ·ΪС
Ѷ
ħĺ˷ܲѣȲͨǾ໥ͨͬؼƻɹ
ǿɱ⣬ҶͨǾѯ棬ҾֽٷͷжĻױ¶
䣡
ûĺػɣͻȻһɺ嫵ĴϢֲ˹ϯء


1905 Ե
嫵ĴϢϯǣˡ
⡭
۵Ϣ
ȻǿԵ
ܹõ֮۵һ۰צɺǿչ·޵֣
һ̣˶ˣҲ˲ȥʿ鷳׷ɣĵشȥ
ڴʱĺָʾҪħžɣǵģڴϢڵĵطͷ
ৣ
ҶǾ¶һЦݣɢŵɱ⣬һһʧڲçĴؾͷ
ʧڴؾͷͬʱº̩ںʹħ˻ϣһͬɣȥ
̫ˣ
üһ߸·һ
û취ħж̫ˣûиκ׼ʱ䣬۶Ҳǳ̩Ҳ˵
ⲻǹؼؼǣһǺ棬ȻһսҪ׼С˵
˲ޣΪĲ֪ЩĶħɵֻ֪ڹǶѡºƽĿڣȻ˿Ĳ
ֻҶֵܹЩԵħϸһ򾡣пϴˢǵĲ֮ԩ֤ס޶̾˿
һʱ䣬˶˵ˣǶĬĬڴҶܹչնɱħϸ֤ǵףڹǱˡ
һˣĻ⵽ΧɱǾܹͻΧȥҲҪĴۣпѪ䡣
һ˵ܹͻΧȥǿչ·ҲΪ˵ĹУʱ򣬿ǿչ·ϵִ߶

ͬһʱ䣬ǺͻƽȸҲ·ˣĲ̫ǿңǵ˸̱жϳԵ֡
˿̣ǻΪһʿģһףһöۣ˸â͡
ƽһ׵ģɫĳԺƮһԶǱͷڶͷһꪵ״˫
ֻǣ˫۾ôСƦӡ
ΨпԾһǧ֮ıɽģһһ㡣
ϣǿչ·ϣ࣬ŻɣϣҲͬۡ
СףǸ˵㣬û£ΪʲôҪϮǸأںˣźɧûܽǸ鳻ɱǷ˹ССǸһﻹ˵ҪΪǸ鳱𣬼ԵˣҲᣬ׳Ϊʸ֮ģⶼ㡣
ƽԹǲó嶯£Ū䲻档
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һָţϴ󲻸һûܽǸ˵ĻĻڵľ棿
һرһϳԡ
ʱҶռ˾Ƶ£δɱ֣ǿķŹһˣû뵽ӷǵ𱨣ɢҥԣҶΪħϸʹҶǿչ·Ͼٲά裬òʱֱ
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ÿۣδɵ֮ǰҪԵеĥһأԶ޷֤ɵۡ
ſ˵ǰֻǶ˵һĥ£ƾʵȫԺɨ𣬼ԵΣţܹսԼţʧ
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ǻֵܡƽʱ㬵˵
һ׵İǵҶСӵҪĿĲЩѾҶĶ֣ҶСҪĿΪ˻ɱħЩѪΪԼ֤ףǲֵĻҶСӾԲױ¶ʵݡ
˵ƽͿȸһۣŵԣþǻϣŽһ¶⣬ƾϴͬ巢쭣»׶༪١
νŵָͬľպյСʡ
֣飬ΪݺޣΪףԷΪ¿ȸʹ
СҲǴѪڵĿȸѪѪ˵СһȷͿǧ˿Ƶϵ
ȻŲСʣϾʱޣȻԿͷͬ˰ǵ顣
ƽǸСƦӣ֪е£ı˭죬ȻҲᷴԡ
һƬ̣̾ı䷽ɰ˫ıȥ֪˵λã󾡿ǻϡ
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Ű˫ıӣǺܿºǵλãһһ㣬⣬磬գգۼʧˡ
ת˲ƦȻʵãٶȴһ츳ͨ
ȸ͸˵ˣٶһҲ졣
ĻǰǣһҶĥ¼ٵ׷ǲȻĶһЩٶͬ죬˿ȸһء
һǰ϶ǹܵļֱһ
ƽ󣬲ĵĳԷ̰ǡ
һ浰ȥ
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ʲôȻǴ˵е׷ǲ˵ôôءƽ𾪡
ģ䲢ûȫʧ¼ٵ׷ǲȻš
Щ죬ڵ׷ǲȸ˫⣬ڰǽµһƬ·ϣ˺ܾãҡͷ˵

Ǵ壬ͷҲǻû𣬵õ֮ΪܹӦҽһЩһЩ΢СĸĶ
ܼӡ
֪龭֮󣬻ƽͿ׷һٱ򣬱ߴԹ
׷ǲ¼ٵĲ˫һչʱ䷨żһʱתǺεǿĲ
ɵãȻһ˽Դ۸˲٣ܲһ
ˣٴҿҪˣб׷˵ɡ
ǲǰî˾ವһûӰˣûƽͿȸĿɿڴ
׷ϷʱҶͬ׷ǲͬԽռһ㣬ٶȿ쵽˼£ˣһִɣǵڲȻ֣ǰԶبһΰĹ


1906 ໥
ɣǺܴ¶ȳȣʱŽ⡣
һ貵ǣƾãһµĵۡ
ڻɣڣһƬ磬һʥء
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ƬУبһΰĹⰻȻ硣
Ͽ·ĵۼƣɢɭȻɱ
й
Ҷ˲ˣΰ׳ĹȻĳλ۵йɡ
λۣ
Ȼ˴ֱʣȻڻɣһźϽй
̫ʣ
һۣ
Ҳûλ۴ڹѽ
ѵʱ̫Զûʷ̳֮ˣ
⡭Ҳܰ
ÿһλ۶Ƕһ޶ģһʱؼԵǣȥҲӦʧôװɣ
ôλڴ˽й
Ĵ֮⣬۳Ա˳ŵģһطй
˼ȥҶҲûȻԾһܷйС
λۣȻڴ˽йͱȻһЩۼ
ͨЩۼܹƶϳλڴӹ
䣡
Ҷǿ㱻ɱ˻һ亹
оղԼ˵΢һЩȻᱻǾɱĥ
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ҶۣѰе˫ɫĹȻһȻ硣
ЩƲǴⲼãġ
ȷǷȻԼйⲼʲôƺɱ赲ô
˵ˣ˵أû컯ܽӽŹǣ˵йˡ
Ȼ
۵йûпȥʲôƣĽҲǳֲڲΪãѹȥ
뱦ɽջأ
Ҷ൱ģȴҲ޿κΣֲֿĽƣĿǰƽⲻˡ
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ţ
Ҷ䶯˶ϤϢǰ׼ǸŮ˵˵Ϣ
ৣ
Ҷ˼Ϊ˲¶Լ˵ע⣬ӶħŴݾߣӰһԶ룬Զһʯ֮󣬲Ϣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˷·ʯͷΪһ壬һ˿ϢĲûС
ಣ
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գۼ䣬ͬʱִ˺بǰΰ۹ɵ۾ֱˡ
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ûһǵ۹Ҹо˴ϢĲ
λ˴ֱʣȻڻɣǵڲƻֺһ
ŹӴĵ۹ȫˣε̰â
һйֵ̫ˣȻд۵ĳЩС
ֻҪܹõ֮۵һ۰צ棬û˲ġ
Ҳˣڴй֮ǰǿȻƣƽ⣬óȻӲĻͽ档
֣֣֮ǰǿɷӦһصϢ
һϮƮɵüԲСѯʵ
İڷ磬ǳüб޽ǣӢˣһ
󣬸ż׷ߣÿһǳǿɢ뺷ϢСʡԲ׷Ǳһľ롣
ɵĻСʺͰԲͬʱͷû֮ǰȷһصϢͣ˿ȴʧˡ
˾˭Ȼǻȸϵֱ˼顣Բü
ߣ˷ںСʺల£Ϊǲûϵĳͻһˡ
ɺСɢϢжϣǵҲûбʤİա
ǱҪ˷κγͻ
˴˶һǵ·֮ľߣûоԵİգǲóȻ֡
һܾˣֻˣⲢ뿴ġ
ҲܱǸĵִ
СĮ˵ˣһ·ϣ߲ÿһ¶ȶһֲµʿܴùֻᱻٳɻҽ
˵ܱȵĻô˺пǸɢޡ˼
ʲô
Բüͷһһİɢ鲻ԽɨһۣܣȻǿܱǸĵ
ⲻǸƲѣҲϣҲڽ۹֮ǰնС˵ɫĮ
һƽơ
ΪǺƽ˽ƣ޷ӽ۹˵õԵˡ
ৣ
һâӴ׷ţ;βŮ˸ϵֱ뵽Сʵ׷ߡ
ˣ
ǰŸյʥǵĵΡʥͰҲǵ׷
ǰΰӺ͵˶¶ɫ
ǶǴӣԴйİڻɣǵȻһɵþȡ
֣лл
ӽ׷ԭСǰл
СԮãƾȱڻԸ񣬿»᲻ͣϮɱ
׻˵ֻǧûǧշĵɲԼһС﷭ˡ
ڰսӸеľһֱӴ˿ռ˳Ļˡ

СЦͬΪһԱ໥Ӧģң㸸ʣһĴڣӣȻ㡣
˵Сʻת䣬Ϊе壬ȴȥ׷Ҷģ棬ϳ͡
ֻСȸͻƽһΪе壬һޣȴԽݵȥ׷һֻϣҲҪ̵Ľѵ
Сʺ˵һὫշ֪׷иΪδ׷ҶǸϣֻ·һҲ⡣
ԼǣӦŽᱻƲġӵͷͬ
һͭɫ˶ĽʥԹۣδ˵
һͷǿʥ֮ϣһ˺ɫꪣɢΣյϢ
䲻ǵӣǵ涼Ǻ;֤Եˣ۴Сݺ͵λѷɫڵζ١
ʵǺ͵β࣬ͬΪʥһ
λǶʿƹİԲǵһеΣͽʥ˽顣
ǸĽ飬Ǿȥǽ棬ܹãҲ޷ҽʥǻδκˡʥƽ˵
Ҫ𣿡
ĮĿڣΪ㲻κ֮ƾһ˱ɨߣѪȾɥǿա
Ҫ⣬Ǹɢ޼ȻڲǰȫѹƵΣʵӦ֮ϣΪһʧáʥɫƽ˵
֣ɹǵ̫ſҲۣŻҪǺÿ˫֣㿴Σ
ã
ԲԣӦ
ԸӣȻǲ˵ġ
Ѿݻ˳ȥҪɹǵ֣߳ǳ⣬ˣӰԵ
ϾСʺɵʵ֮£
ȷ۷սԵ
£Բת˵ΣȽʿˣһЩ𣿡
ˣ£Ҳ롣
΢Цҡҡͷ
Բоһû˵ʲô




1907 սʼ
Ƽ
ɣһƬǷ֮أǿߵ
ǰبŵΰǳ𾪡
ʣǶ֪һ۵й
Īǽʥʵйɣ
˲²⣬в
һΪݣҲ޳ɡΣңԶϹ䣬һʥʴڹ
ϾɣǽһǣǵķԴأһʥҲǲܡ
ԽԽ˵
ǶǳƣδѡͣԶ
ȻСʺͰԲ˶ûнйǿĽ赲ǿɲԸⴥùͷ
¡¡
𶯣չŴƮ
һսʮǿ߳ԶΪ˫⣬ء
СʺͰԲѾռλãҲѡһܹٳ۹ĽǶȣɢˣͣ
ˣ
һǿϢͷһ𣬷׷򲨶ķȥ
Ϣ
ѿºΪףǿգ߳ٴ˵ء
ºΪףһʮˣÿһлɫɱʢѪǣ񷡣
ºλ֮⣬ħһԻϲԩң޶̩ȫࡣ
֮⣬ҲǴ̤ǿչ·ģδһʵҲǳǿ
ʱۣ裡
֮Ҳ̤ǿչ·Ҷ̲סһп
ʱ䲻ˣ뾡콫ƾۻ굤Ĳ׼ȫص
֪ܵȶã
ɢͨ˵Ѿˣ½ֻҲִҽѧܹ˵ġ
ȻҶһֱһϣؾۻǣĲΡ
ΣֻһϣҲҪһֵŬԼκź
ʼѹͷһʯ֮ܽôһжûˡ
˿̣Ҷʯͷ֮УûܲĴڡ
ѰȷһֿѰɽ󣬶תơ
ǿչ·ϣħЩ꣬ѾѰе˼Ϊľ磬ȻδԲ಻Զӡ
͵ǳأ
˸ո߳ţЦһһȭǺȥҵȭâ˺ء
䣡
º˿壬ӭӲƴһǣôرѣҽӿгһĺڶþòɢ
һ
ƽɫ
׼֣˻ʵȷûƳƣ۹֮ǰʤ
һղһºʵ֮£ǿĴ˿̾ʤĻܾˣͽȻˡ
ԥ䣬ƹİԲЦһǰĮɨһۡ
أ
һ׼۴Ҳһǰվ˰ԣγһɿֲ
Χ۵һݣ֪¿ˣԲͽʥǵĵΡ˽ˡ
˵ԲʲôϢ
ˣֻЪˣ޷֮˵ʲôԵˡ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼˣºϡ
粨ϣ˲ǿϮɱߣͼռԵϢ˳Ϊʸ֮ġ
ȷҪƴô
ǵɱ⣬ºɵüԤеЩ
һսԱˡ
Ǵˣ
ʥǵӵҡһָĵƴ·ΪȥͬǱǼΣǿչ·塣
ƨ
Ѫˣ
޳֮ȣ
Ƕʱλ󶯣ǽڣǡ
ʵǿչ·ǳп⵽ǿչ·ķɱɲġ
߳ŭôϧûáʥĮ˵
ڹ·϶ۣϮɱͬҼͶܣǳ֣ʴǲȲѷȻɱ
ɭȻ𺣬ңŵԶȥ˸мֵ𣿽ҵȱؽΪǿµǿߣѵȲϼʬ룬պȻ֣Ҳ᲻ԣǾͰĵȥɡ
ǹȻ޳֮һΪ˹ĵ̩ŭˣ̲סҪ֡
ˣⲻ޳ܣıԣҾҪˮϴˢȥгɾ͸С΢Ц˵
үģһƺ«һ޶Ҳŭˣ̲סֿڡ
Ϊ˶۲ɣħߵ˵
Ƿʲôֱ
һֱӳ֣һ˴أֱȡ
ʲѾºֹˣоԼսʤԷ㽫˽ʥ
˻ӡ
˿壬һȣüķɳһӲӵĴӡӭ籩ǣһɽѹ¡
˻ʴۣ干𣬵ӡһ˷ƶ˶·һһ㣬ĸԸĹ
ǶԴ۵𾴣ҲʵʹȻûǿʵ޷סֲĵ
ս
Ͱ˽ֵͬʱºҲͽʥ˶ˡ
һǧ
һºʩչľһºգӲǵס˵κͽʥ˵֮
ˣ
ºֱӽ֮УΪһ壬â콣һնһжѲɱ
ɱ
κͽʥ˾ŭû뵽Ȼºһ赲סˣ׷ʩչǿ似ºɱ
ͬʱħҲΧɱѷѽ⡣
ԲһԹսδ֣
ΪԸмںͱһΧ
ս㵥κˣȴԶٵ
䣡
˻ʵ˻ʸһ㣬Ͷ㶼д֮ˣ黷ƣ干
꣡
˻ӡʥ⣬ӲмҶˣصĽײɳȥһ·Ѫ
ȿȡ
ɫҰףǰȥһƬȻعǶײˡ
ŭˣ
һХѪŭڣĿĹâ˲临ԭһٴȥ

ԲһʵҲҳΪʲôʱôֵǮˣ
̼ܵ賹ױˣɭڷңһ˫ȭһ赲Ӳ˻ӡ
ɫ£󿪴ϣÿ˿ɢžӨĹ˻ʵȭƽͣ硣
ͬʱº·磬Ͼһжϵ˿һʼʹƴ⣬ס˷Ĺ
Χһˣ±սޱ𾪡
սʵֲ̫ˣͬʿȥͻᱻ򱬣˿
սϣײºڱѪտȻƴʩչ»ʴ۵ſֵ
ħȴ˿սƸΣ˫һӴмѪ
ε׷ľ߾ڵʥɢǿʥҡ
̩Ŷסɱ¾
ѪսΪңƴֿÿ˶⵽˲̶ͬȵĴˡ
ۣ
һѪӶӣҲ⵽شЩȥ

ε׷࣬׺ݲбʮָ繳ֱشߵץȥ˿˿ָâƥ


1908 ᧿Σ
սң
Ƭɽݻ٣Ϊ촷ۣЩķѣƴֽһ㣬ϱ
Բǧ֮ڣһƬҽ֮أϵҽγһµɽ
ȻЩɽûгͣٴαݻ١
ΧĻɣȫˣΨǰԶĵ۹Ծɾĺب
˵Ĵսʶıܿ˵۹´˵۹ǰЩܽƣ˲ĥ
ۣ
һ߱ץǣڷ
صһɲǣʬ㱻ֲҽûˣͷʣ¡
ǲһ·ֵǣƴˣ
龰ħһŭֱֲ࣬ľ˲佫ֽȥ
䣡
ħٲƴĻƴĻᶼûˡ
һ̣ϵȼԼľԴսֱӽԼľС
һħħɻ꣡
ħں֮УΨ˫˵Ĺâչ˾ƴ
龰Ҳ׷ȼ׼ƴǱɡ
ģҲǵ汳
һŭȣȭȭѪһ׷ߴսꡡ
𣡡
ӵķԶֻһ֣н䵶ʥնһĵâս·硣
ɱ
˽ɱ죬ǿս𾪡
ԭѾƵˣƴ£ƣ͵Ρ衢ʥ˵׷ߴѷѽ⡣
ѵЩĶǱϮɱô񰡣ɻ˵
Ҳò̫ǿûǿǿչ·ĵزߵһҲ˵һ⡣
ôںǿչ·ΪУȻεĿҲбĻ
⻹˵֮ǰ»֮Ӻĵ۴˶˵ڹݺˮĿľǡ
ԶգΧ۵۷׷ףδ紫е׼ݽ档
Ȼ˿ȴҳ뽵ʥǺƹǣΪС
ң˵ƹ£ǳ飬Ϊһ֮ˣȥǿչ·ϵ
ҪΪֻǻȼҲᣡ
ľ´һһƬ⣬һ㣬ָƼԪطƣ̩Կ
쿪Ƶ
ˮһɫſա
̩ڳɷһɫĹִзɳɲǼһɫľС
ģ̩ɱﵡ
սȴԵؼĸַս˴֮⣬Ƶ
ҶдʱǹؼʱҶһ֣ͬƵ̩ܵľˡ
ʥ֣춯أ
ľһһȭڽɫϣֲʥƵ·ܻء
䣡
ɫ𣬱ĿĹâƺʱпɢܡ
ȻȴʼûбƣԾɽľС
ĵе˼
Բ˵˫
̩ռϷ磬ȴκβ֮еľ£籡ȴ޷
׼ʥʥ֮䣬໹ǺܴģܹһѾΪס
⻹ľ¶ʵ˽⣬ǻһ˽ʵģκλᡣ
ڶԷҲȼ֮ƴصľֿʼ˱仯
˴ھƣú޻֮
ƴ£Ҳ˺ܴĴۣ˴ˡ
޶ŭХһ׾ȭ缲磬ףȭȭѪ
ԼҲشظ䱻лƣӶˣȴüͷҲһ£ս
׺Ĵ򷨣ĶָɵҹֽƣԱ̥
Ա̥Ļʵ£Ǿӹ
޶ֻһӰħҲӵҲսɱ˫۳죬ȼյλһ㡣
Զ۹˸ŵĹâ΢Ĳսನȫ⣬˿Ӱ첻۹
һߣ
˾ºɢڱвϵѪɫ԰ֽķǳء
ȴʥ͵ζ˵סˣϾȥˡ
ս˸Ե˫˭Ҳռˡ
ΣʱԾ޷ֳʤ
Ȼ
޶ȴ᧿ΣʱĿܡ

ʯͷеҶĿѣŭֱվ죡
̳֣Щףֻ˽˶ԹֱӺɱ
ڻ᲻˶¶ԼݣѾ˲ôˡ
Ϊ֪ԼٲֵĻ´ħĶ˶ˡ
Ȼ
׼һгֵʱͻȻӦһϤϢڿٸ
ৣ
Ҷû֮УڵдУٶȿ쵽£գۼϤϢˡ
ϤϢǰǺͻƽȸ
ûʱˣȥˣκʧҶӵ˵
֪ˣ
ȻҶû¶ĿǶϢȴǳϤ̱µ´ӦһŻƽͿȸλսȥ
ļ룬ҶҲͷˣ̣ȴĺ˵ĵ
߾Զ٣ʲôӢۣүҲ
ոյսԵһ۱㿴˵ʽ᧿Σһȣ˽ȥһķһʥǵǿߣĽϵĶѹһա
ɡεİΪԼȡΪһ
ȻȴˣгƽСƦȻˣȴһֱû
˿̣һȣ绢Ⱥһ㣬Ƥףܿ콫εһЩ׷Ǵɾ
ƽͿȸһң˲˵Σ
˳֣ӶˣһԲֱһȭǺȥ
û޵ļһˣһӣޣΪЦ
ৣ
ǽŲ׷ǲڼ䲻ݷ֮ʱܹӵĹЦЦϣⲻǹôˣ
һ⻰ۡζۡθۣۡۡźۡ
һ̫ˣ

һȣ׼֣һӰ죬Ͱ֮䡣
ǻ֮Ϊ׷һħļϸ֣ͬ챾ʾʹǵĳúýѵѵǣ
Сɫɫһ㣬ɢһɾǿϢ
ĸУҲ˵ѵǣǵʱ
ȻҲоСʲǣȴϳԿ
ǣүݺʱ㻹أҲҴԲѣ
ƽȰǸ𣬲˵ȴҲʵ
뵱εʱСʻء

Сʴŭֱӳ֣˫֮צ˺أһӽǺͻƽȸȫצӰ֮£


1909 Ҷ
Ϊǿչ·ϵСʵսԿֲ
һֱûһƬצӰʮط·𶼱ˡ
໡
һ˫ֻûһצӰСӲ֮
꣡
ȸչȭѣͻƽһ𣬴սСʡ
սٴα
սһƬңѿҽ罦׸ߣա
ħɫ԰ףĴսķǳ󣬼ȼ꣬ԶʱԼսĴҲǼġ
Ҳл𣡡
Ӵһ䵶նգƵ㲻òƴ
Ͱ˵սҲﵽ˰Ȼ˫ޱò
뾡콫ˣȥºһֱӣƴֻǲϾ
ºϵѪɫԽԽ԰ףһ²ѺۣۿҪˡ
һ֮סѷԼѾһսˡ
Ȼ˿Ҳ֧͸֧Ѫ߰ߣ·ܶطѪȾˡ
ɶ񣡡
Ҷ߬ȭͷ˫ɭȻĹâǹ˼Լһ֣ᾪڰûгֵĺˣ벻һеĳ֣Щ޳֮ͽȫˡ
޿̣
ԼĺһѪҶŭѹֲסıŷΧһ졣
׼ֵһɲǣͻȻӦħϢɵһӲɱ
вɣ
ɱ⣬Ҹо궼ս
˼ΣգԲǡ
ǻԶɣ˳֮ꡣ
оҶһżյĿֲɱ⣬Χʿüۡ
ЩۣҶ˿Ϊ⣬ǽעȫħϢķ
ܿ죬㿴ʮʿٸÿ˶ɢǿҵѪȼյĺ¯һ㡣
ҶĿ棬ܿЩнĺȫ˳
ǻ켣֮䣬Щߵڻ
ҶһӰһֱӴԭʧͬԽռȺϢĻȺ֮С
ܿ죬ҶȺ۹ǰҲѪսĳ
ģﾹȻһй̫˼ˣ
˶ǰΰ׳ĵ۹ˣ̾
ӷͣԱӵֶϮɱߣΪɳܣӦ
ûΪУֶβ̣˵ö֮
һ֣ɱй
սһĻƤۺ˷׷׹룬һ֣ɱˡ
Ҷվ˫ɭɱֱһȭɫȭͷĿ񻪡
ۣ
һ죬ħһ߶ûߺһֱӱһȭˡ

У״ôҲû뵽ƾȻ¶֣һûС
ͻһĻ˶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽Լ˻ͻȻ֡
ô£
ǲһôụɱ
˲⣬۷׷ס
ƣˣ
һȭ򱬣꾪״С
Ҷᣬһһˣ۵޳ͷ
ˣ
޹âţһصķһζֲڶһ㣬ꡣ
֮ޣ
꾪Ҿ徵ĺУֿ뱻֮׹ó
һ뵽ֲҾˣ
Ȼǰû̡
ˢ
򱬣ŨϢûüɢ㱻֮˸ɾ
ӣηԾɰѲ˱ӡˡ
ˣ
⻪һ껯һ⣬ڻ˵޵Ĺ֮ϣһµķġ
ҲŹ㡭
ϴһ΢겨㳹׳ˡ
ֳһţֻһزѪ⣬Ŀģ
Ҷħϸһ֣ɱϸй
Ҷħպ֮ޣ궼ˣĺﻹף´𣬽¶Ҷݣͼֽ֮Ҷնɱڴˡ
βܽҶնĻǽ׶༪٣ҶԲŹǡ
ͬʱٶߣҶϡ
ҶܹʥΧɱ·̣ʥȫնɱʵֲӧġ
ϰף󣬷˵أһֻҲɳȥ
Ҷһ𣬲ݣž죬ɲǼָĿʢѪһ㣬ϯ졣
Ҷ

û뵽Ȼһֱߡ
̫ˣҪǲĻ˭ҲĶ֡
ֳһƬ䶯˶ˣû뵽ҶȻߣǼһķ
ˣǸνɢޣ¾Ļ
ûǿչ·ϻ˭˿ֲսŰθŰСƵġ
ʱҲµˣνɢޣʵҶĻ
䣡
ƽͿȸƴסСʣӮûᣬʱսȥ
ಡ
һսǱһ̨ʮֽѪʯڤȪˮƷʯȵһѵĲϴ֮С
ⷬۻңĿɿڴ֪Ҫһεȴ󣬾Ȼ˷
󣬰۵ͷ³ˣŽͣצһӣ˴
¡¡
ɱɣ췭ظʮȫ
ʱ䣬ʧɫиֳ޾磬˶·ɱҡ
ԶŴ۵һɱ֣ɱ֮شǿն顣
ô꣬ǵٴξѾܹóʮ֮Ĵɱ󣬿ֲס
һ̣еսֹͣˣǾʧ룬ֲ̿
־ɱĵ㺮
ҶִɱĻɱ֮УûĶ֡
Ҷħϸͼ˶նɱһ򾡣һʲôһǰɱ˭Ҳˡ
ĺٴδͼĶһ֣ɱҶԳôʱǿʱɢϢ׳Լ
һ˫ļƲߣν
ȻȴûжӦ˶ڹУûóȻ֡
ܹ̤ǿչ·ģûмɵӡ
¶ĿĵģȻǿ־ҶֱĿǰҶƺδǳ֣ԣҲóȻ֣˼ҵǹʹ
ȻˣҲһЩŸֲɸ˵ĿģҪ֣һ뵽ҶնʥĿֲս˲ˡ
µ㻹ƻˣҾͽǵ˺Ǻúÿ˭ħļϸҶ˵
λǿչ·Ϯɱߵ¼ȫΪǣħ壡
Ҷʯײÿһ䣡
֤ǲħ壿ʣ𺡢䣡
ܼ򵥣ħ֮ˣֲ֮̿Ҵǣ֮Ի֤˵ģʵ
ҶĮӦ죬ɢǿҵս⣬һۣѹ졣
ɨһˣһɱǵĹУ˲ףҳ֣ݹ飬ºʮ塣˵ûλ
䣬Ӱ
Ҷһ⣬ĺɱȥ


1910 ɱ֤ף
Ҷˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼǿơ
һʱ䣬ֳѻȸһƬȻ
˰ɣЩ˲ħϸ
Ǵȣֳ
ûҶħϸĻҹΪɲУ𽵹ȥ׷ǳӺòá
ƽҲڣͺܶﰵｫ˺ݺݱһ١
Щû˵ʲôԶжǿ
ȸĮڣȻѪ߰ߣĮ߰Ը˿ġ
ȸȺ󿪿ڣ𾪡
ֱ˿̣ǲŻָһƬۣҶ̫ǿϬˣһ֣һٶ
ڻɱһˣвСʡɡԲڵˣν졣
֪ҶֵܲħϸֻûǵĻ޶˵
Ǻͬ磬ǿһСǿģħļϸ˻ʵҲ˵
һͬһɱħĻͱˣȲڡº侲˵
Ϊ׼۶ǳԸɷħϸôܵõλ׼۵һ͡
Ҷֵһǣƴ棬λ׼Ϊ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ǿչ·ѵǶ𣿡
˷׷׿ڣ֤ҶʲôħϸһжԤıݺҪ赶ɱˣɱڳɳ׶Σ׳ɳ
ں£һܹѹƣԼ
ⷬΧ۵Ⱥ˺䶯
˽һƬۡ
˶Ҷʵ˽Ϳ־֡
Ҷֵ̫ǿˣѣһֱʯ쾪
һ֮Σ֣ʵϮնʥǿߣлһִ߼սǿ־塣
ʵϣܶ˶ǵһμҶ֮ǰǶҶ˽⣬ڵ;˵
ֻǣǶħ壬ʵ̫ˡ
ǵӡУħֻͻ鹲ͬجΡ
ңҶħϸҲһЩ˲ԸɳΪ̫ǿˣѹ˴
һǵвһ֡
Ҳ˲ԸҶħϸҪԭ
龰ԲĬˡ
Ȼ˻ᣬĶһҶ󻼣Ҳ֪˲ޣûжԸðŵҶʿΣʱ֡
Ҷ֮ǰв˺ܴãڶ֮ǰõ
һ޷ҶɱôȴǵĽпǷı
ֱǳܲ
ңԲҲ֪ҶܹʥǿߵΧɱ֮»漣ϮʥǿϤնɱսʾ
Сʺͬ⣬ȻҲҶǿľߣҲһɹŪɳ׾
һǣΪҶ˰λ׼ۣ档
Ҷ˵ħϸȴԼУλ׼һ٣ԽǴˡ
⣬ҲҶǿ󣬾ǳ֣ҲδܹҶɱ
źɧ飬ǲɵġ
ֿңһ֣ǺҶߵ˶棬ǿ׷ŹԼ
ڴˣ˶ûѯɣô¡
ҲֵĻ֮ټϽʥǵĵκͰ衢ʥˣϣܹҶնɱ
û뵽ҡͷʱ˶֣ȵȵȣܹĽ͡
⶯֣ԲСҲͲ˵ʲôˣʱ
֮ľһľǴģһҶܹó֤ǵĴǳ
ߣҲǵǺҶܾˣ̵յõεĴԵ
ӰȻҶ֮ǰ֮𣬵ȴҲ֪˿̲˶˵ʲôñᡣ
κһɫϵıá
֮ǰǱҶһ٣ú޻֮
ȻҲ֪Ҷȡ֤ĹУ֣ܶ򣬿ҲȲ
ҶǸ첻ۣʲôӣֻҪһȭɱû˿ɵ
磬ҶָɱΪѹӣǿڵ֮ӣӡʱû뵽һ㱻Ҷǿƻɱ׼۳۶û˵ʲô
˿̣֮ܶǰûжֳǶ׷״յߣǴҶ£һЩ˿еõһЩõϢ
ֱӽƸ˰ǣһҶʱʱ׷Ҷߣ˵ǶҶΪ˽ġ
°Уû⣬ûһƷʯߵȼ۵ı
ʨӴ󿪿ڣòΣ̰ļһµʶ
ûϢѣÿһƷʯڰᶼҪᡣ
ƽֱ̫ݰˣֻұģ
ȸһ죬̧ͷ죬һҸһﲻӡ
Ȼǵ޳̰ܺˢǵĵߣЩصĸԸóƷʯϢ
˵ҶľԶһƷʯļֵҪߵĶ࣬һƷʯϢֵ
˵⻰ɾͳˡ
ǽӹƷʯһС͵ĸ󣬽ûʯȫ棬һ͵ӣúܶ˲ȳָ
ܿϧһжƤȳǽսǻߵİ˵һöûС
ϰףסǣ
ڰϲĭҷɣ˵ϻʱҶ
ϣ
ʱ䣬ǿɱɱ⣬һȫסˡ
䣡
ҶԥֱӸϹȥڶһȭˣֲϢ糱ˮһΧӡ
Ҷģ㲻ú
ǵֵɱȥ
Ȼۼɱ֮У߾۷ǿ߶δӵóȥοֻʣ꣬Ƕˡ
ˣ
ҶֱӼޣ𣬷ӡ޵Ĺޱϣһġ
һΣҶ׼ûнŨӴϢգɢ
Ũ֮
Ǿɫ䡣
ʣ̫֮Ũ̫ˣǸо
ħ壡
ҶɱǸˣħ壬в̺˿ֲ֮
Ѱֻ֮ɢϢʥǿߣ֮󣬳ʱܳŻضĻγӴ
䣡
𾪵ʱҶƤǰϳ֣һȭ䱬
Ƥƺˣû˿ֱֿӱ㱻ֻ֮꣬ӡڹϵһɲǣ־Ͳ
ϢԽŨܶ˶о
ͬʱҲҶֳǿս𺳵ˡ
սھֻ죬˸ҵ


1911 Ϊ
һĻĺƤӿһǿҵĿ־Ͳ
ಣ
˿ͣһƴӶݣһ߼Ķˣϣվ赲Ҷ
Ȼ˿˶֪Ҷնɱȷħϸ˭Ҳϳ֡
ң˿˶ڰǵɱ֮ڣóȻ֣ûȶҶ㱻ɱɱˡ
һˮ̫޳ˣħп
;ĩ·ﻹ˼ЩֻҪΪԼȡƬ̻Ļᣬһλ۶ܸɵó̩ƽ˵
һֱĺǳ侲ݣȴ칷һ׷ɱ̿֡
ҶĲħϸ֮ݻν࣬λĪɱˣٳ֣ɱⲡĺ˻ӡ
Ȼڰµɱ֮Уѷɣӵȥ
޳֮ͽֵˣҶĮĺ𣬾ɢεѡ
λѾĺУԲ˳ȥͼֵҶ

Բɫ䣬뵽ҶĿֲսǰľ棬ֱӳ֣һȭɱȥԸΪ֡
ٺ١
ǵֻͬʱɱһûһµܵͬʱҪֵɱĹ
Ҹƴˣ
޷ĺˣһ𣬶ý似һƬĿ⣬ո
ˣ
Ҷһ֣Ԫطתٵصȫĥ
飡
ֻȭһ赲һȭĺɳȥЩˡ
ۣ
ĺһѪϢһңЩѹƲסڿ񱩵Ϣ
һ֡
ֱ˿̣ĺԾûз˳ȥͼΪҶУ߽Ҷ֣֮նɱ콾
ȻҶᣬչʥݻɱһ쵶գ춼ʿˡ
꣡
쵶£ɱ̹ǣĺС

ĺֵĴУȴ죬ӱն飬ŧѪ㱻ն
һ̣ޱȣ°ӻѪʧ
໡
ĺҲ˲ʲô¶ˣƴֲһĹأ赲Ҷ
䣡
ֲϢĺͷֳһڵĹӣ沼طģ·ѹء
׼۱
ǵһֵĵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ĺоȻһ׼۱һɱһȫ߶ܺɨǿչ·
ԲСʵҲ̲סüɫ
Ȼ㲻һ·ǴҾһɣһܻôţֵˣĺУ״

ȫ߶£𶯣ֲӲݻһУΧɢɵ
κζӲȫ촷ۣ˺Ȼɫ
󵨣
һŭ𣬼ɱһڿնиֳһ磬ӲӲĥˡ
飡
Ҷһɹ⣬ȭͷһɫһصڹϡ
꣡
׼ҲסҶһȭȻҵĹˡ
ʲôⲻܣĺ𾪣׼ȻҶͽִˣôܣ
飡
ҶȭͷҲըˣѪǱϾһ׼ҪĴ飬߾Ϊʥ֣ܹ
ˣ
Ѫڣһ֮䣬ѪҶȭͷԭ̺Ϣ˿ûӰ졣
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ҶһȭȭȥֲڹӴò𶯣ѺԽԽˣ

Ҷһ£Ӷֻȭһˡ
С
ԶΧ۵̲סһ֡
ǿһ׼ȻҶͽִˣսǾ塣
˷ܵĹâսⲻϵҶһս
ԲСʵҲս죬ͬΪǵʶûеӡųĴʣǶ޵Լǿ
Ҷǿƴ̼ǣԾԾԣǹ˼ҶĺɱѾˡ
ԼİǣԸ֣ǼţԼǿġ
ۣ
ʧȥ׼֮ĺҶĶֻ֣ȭ±һƬѪ
䡭
ֲϢ纣һ㣬ϯ˷ֱӽʮʿŧѪ
ǿ̫ˣΪû£ȴû뵽ĺ̺ϢʴԼǿɱʴһʱ飬ڷ
˺Ȼɫ䣬æתһ磬ɢ֮Щ֮
ղЩ˵״ֲ̫ˣ·𿿽һһ㣬ֱڻˡ
ݣ
ĺųǣԶһʿȥҪᣬռ
Ȼ
Ҷǲģ˵޳֣ڶһ㣬ɢֱֲӽ˹

ĺ꾪ֵĴУΪʣҪԱ꣬ҲԸӡڹϣǱɱҪеֲ
Ȼ˵ƺصһԱ궼ڼȲлһģӡڹ֮ϡ
ĺˣҲû걻ӡ֮ϣ׹Ƕõĳͷ
ҶǰԼ׷ߣи⸴ӡ
ˣ𣿡
ûҶڣȿˣɫӣ˵˿̾һʲô顣
ǣ
Ҷͷ̹Ȼϡ
Ǻǡ
ɲЦԳĵҶˣҲˣ
ʲô˼Ҷѯʡ
ʱΪضΪʱǿ֮һֹһεĻ룬׷Ĳսǿգ񻰣²Ĵ˵ƽϲޱ

Ҷпļͷ
Ӫͬ岻ͬעʼ׷Լҡ
ҶΪʲô֣
ڸʲô
ǾȻ죬ֱţ
һĻܶ˶ˣ׷ۣ֪Ҷħϸ֮ʲôϵ
ȻţΪǿ֮һҺпǿߣû֮һ
̾˿ŵֻû뵽㾹Ȼ塭һΪħجΣеĺڰңҪѹˡ
Ҳɱ㣡ûѡ񡣡Ҷɫӡ
ѡĲɱɣһĽ˵ˣħУѵá
ȻϾħ壬޷ıģ嵱ǰѡ
ˡ㣬ҵϡδմȾѪ
ɲЦѡԱһ
ȼգһĻĻ֣Դӽǿչ·ȷʵûɱһ塣
ǿչ·ңӢѪʬ·ϡ
ĬĬڴս֮սսʿɢϢ
Ҷжǣǵûɱһʿ֮֮󣬽Щھ֮·ϵ尲ˡ
ٶúܶʿǶûһ㣬һħȴˡ
Ǻο࡭
Ҷ̾Ϣбݡ


1912 ݹ飡
ֳһƬžǶУþòƽ
ħûȴδκΣ飬˺ܶԲͬߣ߲ѵͬʱҲıжˡ
Ϊ˲ҶȻѡԱȼԼ꣬Ӵ˻ҷ𣬲ڡ
ο
ҶбɵϿڵ׷ӰӣͬĶĲ
ڵһɥ֮Ȯ˾ηĵͷ𶫺ĵ硣
ȴעֻǱ磬岻ͬע׷Ҷҡ
˵׽ŪΪ˱Ʒ޷׷ҶҲҶΪѣΨһ־
ԩˣ
ħϸĻˣ
崫Ϣǡ
ҶбˣĬȻĬʱΧ۷׷ףǱӵϢˣԩ
ʣղҶɱЩ˲ħϸڵϢ̫Ũˡ
һ̣ܶ˶ڵᣬǾҶ̫ίû
ȴ˵ᣬֽħϸնɱΪǿչ·
Ӣۣ
˶ԩ
ڴʱºվ˵࣬ϣ
һʼĽҶΪͬһսаܸҶгɼֳ֮Ҷ
ºҶҹ̸֪ҶһЩ£˿˵ذը
˶ɵˣ
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊౣ壬ȻΪһ֮˽ҶΪħ塣
ʵϣȴԩ˽ҪҶǳڶĸŽϢȥġ
º˵ʵϣҶδɱκһ壬ڱݺҲǳƣʼûжԹκʿ¹֣෴ȴ飬ȡ
ʥνͣڵʮųǻɱ˰ǿչ·ִڵʥɣʵ
ҵġ
º˵ʮųǵĴǿչ·ִߣǵһųǳ׵ܵܣ˶ѣô˵𣿡
˵·ִ߹˽֪Ҷħϸ£Ծɶɱ֣űɱ
ǵһȴ֪ʮа˾ģǿչ·ϣְ̫ˣֻǺܶ඼ûعѡ
һʱ䣬ܶ鸴ӣ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϮɱߣҪλԵİɣ˲ĵ˵Ҫתƻ⡣
ʿӲϮɱκͬЩħļݺѡºɫƽ
ԣʮ꣬ܶ˶о˼飬û뵽ྐྵȻġ
ҶӢۣǴˣ
ҶӢۣǱ󵼣ԭ֮ǰð
ϢǶɱˡ
˳Ҷڡ
Ҷ֣Բ֮ǰˣ
֮һӰ޴ϵҶǸ
޷ѾϰˣҶ˵Щп
Ÿħϸݣ⣬޷ĿʾˣҪ˵ûѹǲܵģ˭Ҳ̩֮Ȼ
ҶʥˣȻҲе˿ȴɵ˵ƺûзϡ
ؽȣ۷
ǿҲ㣬պڵ·սܣȥ
˵ɹ⣬˫ǳڻһ־µơ

ҶЦҪһ죬Ҳ飬һһ
˵һΪǸˣҶ˵ȴΪȻ
ʣһսҶѾ춨λãɺȫԺƽƽ
ˣлˣ
ĵͷΪҶ˵󻰡
ʵϣûܹսʤҶȴ˵޾һս
һĻԲ΢΢ü˫ậʲôҲû˵ϵսŨˡ
Сս߰ɢǿҵĽ⣬һսһ㣬ݡ
ʥǵĵεвҶ̫ǿˣв˲õԤС
ʥǺɹһͷÿһǿչ·Ҫù·ϣѪȾǿա
һһҶѹִĸо㷲
ɫףҶĴɱĻŹ
ɢϢøΪҶħϸήϡ
ղ˭Ҫɱߣ˭Ҫѵҵѣ
ɺѱϣҶɫ絶ڽʥǵΡͽʥӣƹİԲԼСʵ˵ɨ
Լԩȴ޷̱˶Ըֵܣº˺ͰҶһֱǵԼֵܣõֵܡ
ԣҪΪֵܳͷֻع
Ҫѵͬ壬
ܵҶǿƣСϵսǿˣһɽһ㣬ĿĹâ
ʱˣҪ̸¾ѧǷ紫˵ǿ󣬻ͽԲҲˣ˫¶ս⡣
Ҷ׷ߣųݻҪնɱҶΪ׷߱𣬴˿Ȼ
ңͬΪҲԼİǣԼ޵һ־޴
ѵҽʥ㲻ɣ
ۿСʺͰԲȺ󿪿ڣҲվ˵ʥǴӲκˡ
ˢ
Ҷ콣һ㣬ϣ˵Ŵζ֣߳ϴһȴ֪㲻á
ϣҶһɹ⣬Խʱĳӣת˿ռķһɽӵתʱ
ۣ
ҶһһѪץѪ߹ǣֱӽһȭˡ

δ𣬻Ѫ¯һ㣬޸˵ڷɢƥ
һҶˣⲻʣΪԼ̫ˣҶٶ̫ˣˡ
ˣ
ҶѪеɱֱӽ֮˰ǡ
ҶģҸƴˣ
δŭҶȻѪȥιǣоܵ衣
꣡
ʩչһָһɹⶴ磬ҶüĴȥƥ
䣡
Ҷָͬһһâײɹϣ˿ֲĲѤõ̻һ㱬ը
ն
Ҷ紩Խڿռ֮УӰϵĻ𣬿ٽӽ˵ΣһƵ¡
ۣ
ѪŽεһֱȫն࣬۵Ťˡ
δܹôصˣشз
ˢ
Ҷԭʧˣ֮Уչɱ۵ʥݻΪһɱ
ۣܲˡδ״ħܹ
ҺĻҶ絶ն
ۣ
εһֱ׹䣬Ѫӿ۵ͷ󺹣ҽвѡ
ҲţҲš
ηУΪӣȻҶŴαشš


1913 ɱӣ
˭Ҳû뵽ΪӵĵһͱҶش޻֮
ΪпԭʼĽɱѪܣһ˲ĿõĻ档
ǴѪ֮Ľ֪ҶǾۺᣬŴ۵Ѫ
Ǵӣȴõ˾۵ĵ۱ڵϿɣǱ档
ۣ
Ѫˮӿһֱ۱Ҷն䣬ýʥǲ˵Ķֹͣ
ô̫ŵĴ۸Ӿ죬ǵ޵еģ׵ǧ磬תֻأܡ
ѪƥʱĴӦɨ֣޵вŶԡ
Ȼǰôһֿ¾
٣նһֱۣЩˡ
ʥ˫ɭɱһʵֱָҶȴûóȻ֡
һͷǿʥϣкɫ¹âԼɱ⡣
Ȼȴûг֡
ΪǺеӵϺͽ˲Լս֮١
Ҳ䣬ǿģ
˻ͳͬ˵Ұޣ˫۷ײеĺ⣬һΣյϢ
ž
ѪҺչһɫϱ۴Ѫϱתأٸԭ
Ҷɫ£ƽ޲ƾʩչˣδûɱ
̬ȣţľɶ˸ԭǶôǿţ

һ𣬻ɢâһƬʮɿռһΪ
ȻҶˣ
۵ĸɱһеС
ʥ˷׷ۣ鼤š
ǽʥǵ꿪һֽʮ֮ڣƿ򣬺ء
ˣƪɱһеУȥ˶ˡ⶯̵
ˢ
ҶˣӰ𲻶·дС
ˣ
һԲ̫ͼ㻺ת⣬ٵص
רΣΪƽ⣬ж򷨲մ
ڣأΨҶɱ
δ𣬴ʮأӶشҶɱȥ
죬أ֮졢Ƶأ򷨣
Ҷ۾ѣɽӣ˻ģȭɽգǰɱ
䣡
սٴαײҵĽ濪ʼ˶һˣŬɱ֣ȫ˷
ɣϵɽһѼ̲ݣȾȻ˵Ĵսȴֽһ㣬ϱսನ飬С
Ƭɽ顢ڴսನ֮У
ǿѪײôΪȥ
ܶһķĴսǸ޷У΢ᱻ˴ս񵴳ನУ˿
飡
ʮϢһƵӰӴս׷ɳصڵϣӲĴضˣӿҽһӽʮ׸ߡ
ǵΣ𣿡
ʥǵ˵һӳ˹ȵףǿҷɳӰȻǵΣԽܡ
εҲδʥ֮ǰͽָɱʥˣȻҶɱ˳
âȥҶԣۣսɣѹ˻ģ
ҰˣҾȻˣδޣѪᣬ˷·𱻳ԵǷϲ
Ŵʿϴһȴ֪䱾գǵӣҲɱ㡣
Ҷ£ɣ˵㲻еĵһӣҲԲһҶҶֵܣĴۣҲն󡣡
¡¡
ҶԶ죬ϲиУһףͨϵ£ˡ

ȻЦѪʡ
Цϣһ䣬һɨƣ˵ľǻһˡ
ȻҰˣ֤·ϣˣȴɱ㡣ͳҰޡ
˶һ㶣Ѿ֮ܵңȻ˵ĻĪʲôɱﵲɣ
ҶҲһüͷ΢˫纣·һ嫵һ㣬ǳɺͻ
Էʯ֮УһУˡѡգһ֤ΨһĿ꣬񡭡ȴˡλĿѪᣬ
Լ㲻ôĿԴ̤ʿϣҲֻ֣ڡһжˡҶƽ˵
ǶԵģҵĿٵҵϣĿꡣ
̧ͷնĮĹâ֤ΨһĹޣȴҪһߣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǲϧԶʵ֣·ɡ
ۣ
ƱǣԼ߾۷żʥȻ۸ѹʮء
ףҪնˡ̬أһһٵ˵ףɣնС
һ׷ǾҪֹ۵ϧѾˡ
µռƾڵʵ޷ԲʩչǿʩչĻһս֮ɡ
ΪӣεѪ丸۵ķӡǿмӡԷӳ۵ս
ȻҲǼģǱƵɽˮȻᶯнɱС

δУ·ȼһ㣬һ棬ѪȫˣѪҺеķӡڷ⣬׼ˡ
䣡
һɴ۵ϢǿԽʱĳӣ̫һξ¡
ۣ
ǻֲ̿׷׵ˣܲסϵĵѹΨСʺͰԲûж˫⣬ƺڲʲô
һսʤˣն꣬ˣһ·
ۣɽӣҶɱһֲ赲ƣ˺Ȼɫ䡣
עҪ·
ҶĮĿڣʯײ˭ϰͬǰɱ˿ûб۵ѹ
ɷ֮Уʱڵɱ۶ɱ޾ʱڵĴۡ
ֻȭţһǰľĺƣ߶Ⱥһ͵κݺݵײһ
䣡
ռˣǺڶȭͷģĿĹâ̫ҫۡ
ˣ
Ҷʥ˫֮һһģɱС
ɱһһ޴Ĺԡ
飡
ֶɱһӽķɳȥˣѪ˫â֮𼸽Ϩ
·
ҶĮ˵ɱ󲽸ǰȥֱɱ
ɣ
Ҷ
ʥǰ衢ʥ˴ĵ㺮׷׳֣һƬɱ⣬ֹҶɱΡ
ҪɱˣҲס
ҶĮڣ֣ɱȫĥûһܹķ
ۣ
ɱ£ֱӽĳѪ࣬ĥ꣬ɱɾ


1914 նΪ
ˣ룬Ŀ꣬ɢ
Ϊӣԭǿչ·ϴпΪ
ȻĿеĽǰ̡
·пᣡ
Ѫǣ콾·ϡ
Ҳֻǵ·ϵһӰ
ˣ
֪˭һ̾Ϣһλӣˣ˸̾
ɱˣ
ɷ˿Өʥ֮Уһɣһ䣬˭Ҳ֪ʲô
׷ȫˣԾҶǿӶǿɱˡ
һĵʹݣѿδȫ
ӵǿӹɵģ󣬵ζýݵĽʱսȴԾɲУɱĳࡣ
ѵҶѾ˿ʱĴ۵ʵ
²Ȼ
ôҶ־·ԽһؿὫܶ⡣
Сɫأս߰ս죬һɱɢΣյϢ
ҶǿɱΣ˾ӣһΣյĶ֡
Ҫ̤֤֮·Ҫսܣͬ޵Уѹͷһɽ
С׷Ҷǿӡǵ꣬һƬܹһĻ
ԲɫͬأҶϸܵǿҵΣ
һµĶ֣޹˼ɣԵҲǿɱ
־ڵ·޵еͼ᲻ɴݵ־޾һս
һ̣ᶨս纣
壬վ׼ȴŵû䣬ɫ԰ס
ҶݿһĽǿɱױȵĳ𺳣ֽű䣬׹ߡ
ңûкҶ֣Ҷ־ܽɱ˿
ӣҲɫ԰ף˫޲óԼӣ֪Ҷǿ󣬵˵ʲôҲ׷ߡ
ֻϧ˵ʲôˣֻҶдˣ˵ҪɱˣҲס
ľµɫ䣬һֲ̿Ҷһŭ֮½ȫնˡ
ʣҶģڸղţΪֹҶɱζˡ
ԼˣΪҶ׷Źǡ
ʥͰɫ粻һѿ˼㡣
Ϊ𣬳ֹҶɱΣȴͽ޹ͷһֲĸо
ɱúã͸ˣ
Ŵߣɱ
Σɱ
˷ˣһϲЦտ۷׷ףһɨ֮ǰǷ
Ҷһ֮ǿɱΣΪǱ˳׳һ
Ҷ䣡
ħĴǺˣ׳һ
֮ǰ˱ε׷߿Űͱһء
Ҷ֮ͽǿɱá
ҷȱ
ӵòȻһõɮӣһţҶֵܣɱúãֱ̫Ժеθˡ
һǴ¸ɮȴѪȱ壬˲
ⲻ֪ѪеĴҲ쳹ǿչ·һ·ϲ֪նɱ˶ߡ
֮ǰڵε׷г˱ʵ£
޶Ȼû˵˷ܵĹâȴ鱩¶š
ʲôƨӣˣ
˷ܵҽУһΨ²ҵӣýʥǵôᡣ
һ͵ĺĺβνǿҶĻκһδػܡ
ռ۵ˣȴԾɲУǿɱ
ǿǶ̫ǿˣ߸һϡ
ʲô˵ľǹƨӣקĸƵģǱҶСӷɱ
ǵۣβ̵ϸߣһʮӡ
ûһССĵӣҲҶСǰſ񣬲Űʲô
ƽҲ֮ͣһΨհСࡣ
һ
ȸһܽ´ʣԼ࣬㽫ʥѪ
һڶ鱩ˬһǳʮȫҩһ㣬ӡ
ɱʧһѪ뾧Өǣ֤ڹ
Ҷֶ絶Խˣɨľ¡ʥͰˡ
ʥˣߵǸϴնһΪȥĶԹʹһʹҲ׷ߣһϣ
ҶĻǿưԵɡ
˻һڽԻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿưԵŽʥϴǸնһΪ
Ҫ֪һɵΪʿ˵̫ˣ˭Ե޹ʵնΪ
նһӴ֤֮·Եˡ
ʲô
̫
ʥͰ¶׹⣬սһ籡ԸƴһսҲնһΪ
ǿһϣҸ֤ԼĻᡣҶ⡣
㡭
˱ŭֱվ죬Ǵû뵽Լһ쾹Ȼᱻ˱ȡ
Ѿɱ˵ΣҲΪɹǵ߳ˣα̫ϾɱԲü˵
ʲôҲҹҵ飿ҶĿ絶һɨԲ졣
㡭
Բ챩ŭһͷʨɢΣյϢȭҶɱȭâƵ˺ա

Ҷܣ˫ǳһۣ̰˻ģɨϣֻȭһ赲ӭȥ
飡
ҶΪУǧɱһʽֱײ˰Բȭ
ꡪ
죬Ѫ罦Բȭͷȫ飬Ѫ࣬Ҷһȭ顣

ԲҽһӰˣ޾ľ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻһжûͱҶȭͷ
ҲǿǿĹ׼۱
Ҷ׼۱ˣοѪ֮
ৣ
ҶӰûͣһ羵ˮһ㣬֮УɲǼʥͰߡ
꣡
꣡
죬ҶһΪͨҰף˫ַ˵ĵһ⣬ǵΪӲնȥһɡ
ۣ
ͬʱѪɫұ䣬һ˲ʧȥһɵΪǵڵѪ
Ҹƴˣ
ʥһ𣬹ͭɫļ˸ҫ۵ĹâһɰޱߵϢ
һ
Ҳŭˣս£׼ƴһҲҪҶ޴Ĵۡ
նȥһɵΪ·ѾԵˣܹѰĵرϣ
Ļҳȫǣ
ҶĮ˵ɫƽû˿

˶һۣӱ˴˵п˿־壬ǺɣҶԥɱǡ
ΪʥǱԹѾãɱǣҶľ˿Ӱ졣
գ˻ûҶ֣ޱȱĽʵ
ȫʢʱڻܱҶ׵ĿնȥһɵΪóȻֵĻ
ϵѡУֻεѡǰߡ
ɽڣûա
һʱߣҶֵĻôĿ϶ǡ
ֵˣ
Ҷ˵ľµɨȥ
㶯֣ն
ʥͰ˶޻֮ıҶնȥһΪǳ׵ˡ
˿̣ҶĿɨǣʱǱ޶ϵСһ㣬䡣
ꡢꡢꡭ
ľµһҧֱնһնȥһΪ˿аۿۡ
Ҷע£Ǿ׶ܡ
ն֮ľµһή˫Ŀ񣬾ήҡ




1915 ۹춯
һ֮ѹһǿߣ
˶֪ʥˣնһԶʧȥ˵·۵ʸ
Ҷ̫ǿˣ
ǿƶԵǡ
Ƿ׷ۣ̾ҶǿǿƣԳؼС
ˣǣֻѣˣı

ˬ
ħ˳ЦŽʥˣľµǱʶ޿κεı飬ˬ˼㡣
˫⣬ƽıе𾪡
Ȼûк͵ε˽ֹܹΪҲǺ޵Уɱһǿչ·ʧǿߡ
ȻȴҶǿɱˣռĽʱսס
ʥͰ˸һͱȥһɵΪսڹž
һֱѰҶʽе©ȴѾ豹棬һһû˿ҽǣɳ޼Ѱ𾪡
Ҫ֪κ似Ӻۼ֣мѭƷ޼Ѱ
Ҷһһ޲Բת⣬ϣ޼Ѱ
˵Ѿȱǰ˰벽
һԵСɫأһҶ޼Ѱĵ
һУʱս֤·ϣҲȻҪһս޷⡣
Ҷǵǰ·һؿսҶпڽ֤֮·һɳ죬پۣվ֤·ϵʧߣǱ·һĨ貵ķ羰
Բ׷ߣ׼ۺӣɫױҶֳǿƺͰԵˣг˻̿֡
վڰԲԾɸоκΰȫС
Ҷ̫ǿˣԲԱ⣬˵ˡ
ղŰԲҲˣȴҶһˣȭͷˣ赲
ҶִǷ˵Ļ˷Ǿ׶༪١
Ҷģ̫ˣ
Բ촽˫Ĺâ˴ˣ̫ˡ
ΪǳͷҶ۾˫ɭĹâ
д⣡Բ˵֮ǰ͵νˣͬԸºˡ
˿̣ȴɱıɱնȥΪıնȥΪ²
־ͷҲɱһˡҶǿƵ˵ǿɱ⣬ǧɱ۽٣ɱǧ
ܺãҵҪɱң
ԲҰʮ㣬һͷһ㣬ɢֲϢһҶȥôڶ
ɱ㲢ѣҶս߰Ҫһսɨƽϰе֡
¡¡
ʱǰĵعͻȻ춯һɴ۵ϢƵؼ䣬ƶʧ
۹춯
ԵҪˣ
ڼƶҪʧˡ
Ǿһǰĵ۹ӿȥϣһʱ۹Ǵ˵еľԵ
µĶֵ޿ɹֻһ۰צҲ㹻òˣûԸ
ˢ
ɵһϵƸ˫⣬ԿƣѰ·
СҲʾͬϵƽǰ̫ɣɢǿϢ
٣˲ϢоԵţڽƳʧһɲǣһ۹
ʥͰɹʿ׼Ե
۵йУȻֻһֿԵ޷ԵҲȻջ
µĻԵʵǿܵõƣΪҲȫûлᡣ
Բԥˣ
һҶսʤԵˡ
ǧ࣬ңԶǿչ·ϵΪľԵʧۣ֮Բġ
¡¡
𶯣ƳʧƲˣɻһɹ⣬׷ߴһͬ˵۹գۼʧڵ۹֮С
СһХʢ˫һչӵ˹Юŵڶ˵۹
ţͽʥľµҲ˽ȥʧڵ۹֮С
Ƭ˵۹֮ٺˡ
ԵҪԲ첻ԸҶһսʲôʱ򶼿ԣܹԵĻʵȻǣʱսҶаնˡ
ͷ˺󣬴׼ۺӣӵ˳˵۹
Ѿ˺ܶ࣬뾡ȥһԵĻھˡ
ҲȥɣԵ˵ʲôҲҪ
ǳļ߲εĿԵȻ漰ۣܲ⶯ġ
Ҷͷº˻ϣһͬ۹ȥ
йΰ׳ۣư磬·һɽɣ̻ԻͣĪ
Ÿߴ󣬳ʹΣ죬ǻɣǣƣҲ
ˢ
Ǻ⣬һ̤˵۹֮УشǰȻʣȻԳһƬ硣
ҶСӣʲôʱôǿˣħҶһȭЦʵ
ǲ֪ҶǿȴҲû뵽ȻǿֵزǺˣ۵ӣȻ˵ɱɱˡ
ֱڣǻһһĲʵУҪҶȭ֤ʵ֮ǰΡ
㣬Ⱑ磬۾õҲôڰҶЦ˵
ҶֵܣȻǴӣȴˣѾԶԶؽ˦ˣֻ׷ĽŲˡ˻ʵп˵
ҶԣǿǸֻԵɺϣģмвٲˡ
ҶСǿȻģֻǿȴ֪ܹʹ࣬Ǽֱܳܵġ˵
ۿҶɷбɱۿŰһ꣬˲֪ٴˡ
ȻҶȴͦͬһսնɱɱ֤ɱۡ
Ҷ֣Ӧҵûأϵʲôʱ򣿡̩̯һծӡ
ҶȻȻȷӦ̩ѰһЩ塣
ֻǺڸԭһֱûж֣ھȻծˡ
Уڻʺϣڱһ塣Ҷ˵
Щ˼ǿգٻĹǣҲȷѰһЩڻʮΣ̩õˡ
ϽָʲôʱˣĶȥ̩Ҫ̯Ҷǰջȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦйâһһӨƿƿڼʮ˵ӡȴԾһɵ㴫
ǰ˵εˡҶ˵ãõĴЧͲˣ㻹ҪԼС
ȻһֱϴȻûıô̬Ҳ֮ǰǿˡ̩Ц֮ƿ
Ҷ֣㲻ܺ˱˰ɣ
һ˲䣬߰Ŵȫ쵽ǰºҲ⡣
ʲôʲôҶۣûˣҲǣһһԣȻĥң𣿡

ºһ󺰣ʹħһӵϣҶڵأʼ
ҶϵƷʯȫѹһչϷˡ
̫ˣҶ߷ȻȴϴЦݡ
ֵܣ


1916 ֱ
˵ʵҶ֣Ķˡ
ЦһºЩ˸е˵
Щʿǿչ·Ϲò⣬ܶǣʥǵǡ
ºȻǿȴչ˵ÿһߡ
ôѹһֱܴƴϣøǿ˵Ӻ衣
Ҷһս磬עǿչ·ʿ
һۣЩضߡ
ǰҶ֣ǲ֪ǿɱεʱ򣬶˵ǶôĽ
ûѹôãڿüһˡ
ҿͦˣ˵Ǵˡ
ҶʶҲ׷ǰʾллΪʿһС
ˣʿȻӦΪ£ⶼǷ֮¡ҶǫѷıʾⶼԼӦģЩ˴Ϊж
ӽ˭ٸ۸ʿѻơħݺݵĻ֣󱬶ơ
㣿ԲСʡɣĸǶ֣ţӺĴ
ͺ¿ұ졣ħۣߣ첲ӣһҪ̵ӡ
զأܣһõɮĵȻ˵ȴܳ塣
Ҳ壬ֻҪһ˵仰׼
ʹһ㲻ɣħƢˣʱҪ֣Ҷºסˡ
ˣ˵ɣԵҪѾûӰôȥƻ˶ˡǲ졣
ߣ
ߣ
ħͷӱǿзмҶͷۡ
ô꣬ΪˡҶʶº˵

˿Цһ飬ϰˣˡ
Ҷӣ˵ǿԵʲô
һ߸·һۣܺܳĿԵʲô˰Ҳû³ȻħҶѯʡ
֪
Ҷҡͷ似ҩ򡭡пܣһ̣˭Ҳ֪νĿԵʲô
꣡
һɱͻȻϮ޶һͷЩˡ
ʲô޶ɫأ˫ƣޱȡ
ղ㹻ĻȻüģŭ
۹֮оȻֲĴڣ˲
ʥȻʥ׽סˡǰâһ˭Ҳûʲôȴ˷ܵĴ󺰡
ͬʱſ³ʮ˸죬գʮ׼׽ʥ
ʥʲôҶɻǵһ˵ֶ
̰İһ˷ܵӱ֪ʥǺöôġ
ռˡƽ̾˿ٸ
Ҷһɻӣƽһĵĵˣ湻ªŵģʥ֪
Ҷ治֪ͷ޾£Ȼնȥ˴󲿷ֵļ䣬൱Ҳܱȵģֱһʯ
ʥһ֣־һֻһƬҶӣ״ʥƥܲժ֮ɵʥʹãҿɳɳӵ
ƽûڣºΪˡ
ҶΪȣû뵽ؼ仹ʥҲ̫˼˰ɣ
Ҫ֪Щʥضмʥ
һʥѼɹʧ̫ˣѧĲҲ̫󣬺Ѵ롣
໡ˡ
дǴСеʮ㣬ͣȻû¡
˺۵İǴ߳ͷһɱɱֱ˵ꡣ
ģССʥһ֣ɽǴţԲѡ
𣿸ղ˭СеģУһ˺ѵƤԼӵĲɣƽĴ
һȥ⣬զأҲշһȥƵ˵
۹ܹԳһ磬ҲֻдĴֱʣߵͷԶ֪ǰʲô
ǺʥͨѯйһУȻʥҲ˵ȻܹķΧһ۹һʲôģδ
֪Щ֮Ҷ˲ٵ飬ӿٶȣڶڸȥ
һ·ϣ˺üֻ޵ϮڻƽϢ£ȫСèһˡ
Щڲ޺ˣҲûڵڷǳֵ
һĻҶһ˵ϵδ֮ǰϵûڵ޺ˡ
۹͵ʲôϵ
⾿λ۵йû֪һֱڣҶҲûȷ
ǿȻʷȻƳĴȴ࣬λڴ˽йʲôĿģû֪
ܿ죬ǽ˵ڶ۹·һƬ۵Ŀռ䣬һƬޱߡ
һƬԹǧСģʧˣԶˡǵصÿһˡ
ˣ
ǰĿȸͻȻһ޴Ļ̵ˣޱȣ޺ɢŵܰ㣬·ҩһ㣬ȴ
ҿ
Ļдȸŭһ˫쵶һ㣬Ӳնˣ˳
ɫ԰ףȻҵ˵
񻨣˵ɣҺڵģɡ𾪵˵
ڱն֮Ѹٿήˣֻʣһػҽٶʧˡ
һҺ֮󣬿ȸɫźÿһЩҲ֪۹֮ΣأԵô׵õġ
ǺͻƽͷСԸΣյĶֲŶ壬һ㲻ŵҲǰΪԤ

ǰâ˺ܶ࣬һɫĴסǰ·Ҷɫɢŵ㡣
ȻڴϾȻһ߾ߵʬ壬·ϵһ㣬ɲ
˻
ǵһƵߣǧؼаĶˣרʿ꣬׼۶⡣
˵䣬ֱӼϽͷԶԶƿаĴ
۹ôаĶҶ˲⡣
ʱҲ׷Щʱ˻ӡƷͷ˲ڱꡣ
ҶСӣҪа취նһ֦ⶫھۻмĹЧҶߥ޵
Ѿĸұ졣ƽŭ
Ҳ֪ҶһֱѰƾۻ굤Ĳϣаŵ򲻿ǣôĶ֪
˰ǵĻҶΪ⶯һֻ֦֮һϣҲԸ
ˣǵģףںءȸ˵
ԣҶ˵Ըκλᡣ
֮ܺ󣬿ºѰˡ
аʿ꣬޷ºҲȰҪðգֵá
зִ磬ðյġҶᶨ˵ͬʱתѪȫӡϢͷų
һ̣Ҷ˸ˡ
Ϊðһԡ


1917 Եڹꣿ

ҡһƬ⣬꣬ޱа
һسа۹ϵԽ˵۹֮У֪;
˸ǣ˵ꡣ
ԶħԾɸоļ£꼸Ҫȥ
Ҷӣ̫Σˣҿ˰ɡħȰ
꣬Σո֪Ϊ֪ĿֲԸҶա
޷һСĵġ
Ҷ˫Ĺâļᶨһһȥ
ˣ
һâ·ʹȥ
ͣ
Ҷһȣ깲˲佫ɢˡ
ɵӡڷ⣬Ծȹޱȣɺ
ˣ
ˣ
ˡ
ҶŲᶨ޶۹ڶҡ
ҶӣСİ
Զº˴ѣ˵ȫᵽɤۣŵĿ
ҶǵĽκʧǲɳ֮ء
㣬û³ʲô⡣ȸһţָ̧˰һơ
Ҳ˵˵ѣ˭֪ȥίĹ棬Ҵ
һ̣˵񾭶˼㣬һ˲˲ĿҶᷢ⡣
ˣ
âʢ·һ㣬һӽҶķΧ֮ڡ
𶯣ڰ꣬ɢϢҲûãԵꡣ
䣡
Ҷ·ȼɢ⣬赲â֡
һ̣˼Σ֮УвֱܱӰ꣬ڴ˵ء
ͣ
ҶϺȣ깲Ϸ⣬ͬʱѵ
۱ӣ
һĻ˵ĶᵽɤۣĬĬΪҶϣƽ¡
ҶСӣ֮֮Ǵѡ
ž
ҶԣֱӶɢ׹⣬깲һӽ
Ϲźܶʬ壬Щ֮ǰߣҲһЩιϣѻ˸ʬ
ͬǣÿʬı鶼һֹЦ·һɲǳܡ
ҶԽԽӽ깲ЧҲԽԽ⼸Һ壬Χϵꡣ
ô죿
ߣܷǴ˿̣Ǵ粽ѽˣʱпܱȥ
ˣ
һƬ״ĺɫɼײƬ֣ѹ֮ϣϢ
ˢ
ҶͬȣŲ׷ǲ紩Խռһ㣬һӳϡ
꣡
âһҶжһѪɫìսìʹã£ìݺն֦֮ϡ
໡
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ֱ˵㹻ԶˣҶųһ⿪Ѫķӡ
¡¡
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ͷϽ죬þ֦ӡʧЧʹۿˡ
ҶҵóһС֦˽ȥһʩ˰ʮһӡ⾫й
˿̣ħҲӭ׷ʾϲ
ȿȡ
ҶЦңǽңز
뵽֮ǰһĻĻҶҲú󱳷һ£ɼײƬѹ֮꣬Ļɡ
ȷаҲײŲɵһ֦辣һˣʵǿҲܹ
ƹǼǰС
ɴͷһӱȹ飬ʲôΣܹһʱ
ܿ죬Ǳ㴩˵ڶ۹һͭţ㡣
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꣡
̤۹ҶǱ⵽Ϯһֱײǵüġ

һ죬ϽӲסһצ̧һӽⰴڵϡ
߾ë͵Ϯ˲ɣһȣԼצµĶ
һ֮£ʱסˣȻһֻСڹֻ꣬аƴ󣬻ɢ⣬ޱȡ
СˣƾҲ͵Ϯҧ㡣ɿצӣһҧȥ
˶ΪֻСڹˣȻ׺ӲһһȥʥҧӡһССĹȻڻ¡
Ȼ
ԣ
໡
ǲҽһģһӽСڹ˦ȥԶݶˣѪ
⡭
˶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ֻССڹ꾹ȻôӲҲκá
ƽЦܲҲгԱʱ򰡣
ģСйŹ֣̫ӲˣӶˣ˵©磬塣
ಣ
Сڹ껯һ⣬Զȥٶȿ硣
ȻڿȸǰٶȻ̫ˣգۼ㱻ȸ׷ˣɫһɵֱӽˢ˻
ॣ
СڹҶǰĵϣֱװͷβ֫ȫ˿С
СͦȤġ
ʧЦС֪װߵģͨڹꡣ
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Сڹ걳ϵ磬Ҷһ𣬲ŵĽСڹϸ۲졣
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Ҷ𾪣ߣһΪ磬Ϊ㣬ֺ
갡
ǿչ·ϵĻɣǵ۹п˻Ĵ˵е꣬Ҷĳȣƽ
ǷԤʾʲô
ʲôͼʲôħʵ
ŶҼһ˵Ҷŷ˹ȥûϸ˵ȴƽ
ҶʱĵСڹ̽ԴС۾գգ̬ͣ䣬Ե÷ǳȡ
㲻£Ҳ˺ġҶʶѯһЩ顣
ಣ
Сڹƺܵ˾ţո̽СԴ˲˻ȥȴûߡ
ǻͬһط
ҶԾûзĹŴļ׹ʶģɺͼ飬ʶȥ
໺𡭡
ڣСڹ˶ͬӦ
ϤҲϤ
Сڹƺܾû˽ˣʶ֮ĽҲЩĿİͰ͡
ϣҸоеϢСڹȽı˼Ҷо
Ե
գСڹûߣſҶͷ˯
аҶӣȻһСħĽ˵
Сڹκ˶Ȼĵ⣬ΨҶУ·ʧɢһ㣬ôħ˸ⲻޡ
˸һ𣬳ȻǱȲ˵ġҶ˵
У
˶ȳͨõıơָ
ǰд򶷵ӦǽʥǵȺ鳣ҪҪȥ
ǻˣһϢ
ղȥˮڣвһȺΧһͷޣƾ˫ıӣ̶϶ǽʥǵİˡ
ԼҴչȥϻţ˹ȥ֡
Ǿ͹ȥɣ
һ˴һƬɽ֣ԶԶؾ˽ʥͰŭ˻


1918 ν
âݺᣬɱ
ԶԶأҶ˱㿴ǰʥΧɱһͷޡ
ͷ޷ǳֲͷʨ룬ɢϢſһɺʴ
Ȼ˿ȴԵøңͷϵĽǶҶˣѪ죬ܶطƬˡ
ɱ
ʥĿԲͭɫļ⣬ǿʥֳһգݺݵն޵üģ㽫ͷ­ն
໺𡭡
޿Դ󷢣ֲ˻һצӰѽʥķɳȥ
ȿȡ
ʥڿѪѣͭɫļѪȾˣȴǿҵս⡣
ն
𣬴߶ʥޣдꪻһ۵Ĺâצȥ
ľµҲڽ߾ȫĹǣޡ
ڴʱ
ͻȻӦ˽ӽæ֮лͷȻҶ˾վڲԶʱŵûһ¡
ţǸħˣʥɫ䡣
ڣҶоħĴʣ̫ײˡ
䣡
ꪻɵݺնϣѪӿۼױɣЩˡ
໺𡭡
޲ҽһһе׹ˡ
飡
Сɽһ㣬һѪ⣬ݺݵĽľµײɳȥ
ۣ
̲סѪǶϽۣ̥Щˡ

ᣬʥֳһ·콵񷣣ɱᴩء
꣡
ױһᴩͷ­ݺݵĽڵϡ
໡
޾ضˣΧݲеĲӡ
þãֹͣ걻ĥ
һսʥʧأÿ˶˲̶ͬȵĴˡ
ͨ
ʥɫҰףַڵϣڴŴԹѡ
ǱҶȥһɵΪǱƴȫŽͷʥ޻ɱ
һŨȫľЩˡ
꣡
ֳִꪣһӣֱӽͷնΪΣһأѪضȾˡ
ˣ
һöɢ͹âӨ͸ڵлգһС̫һ㣬׹
һŽɫڵˮһ㣬Կнɫ˿
ʥڵö
һĻ˫۷Ź⣬ˮˣȥ
һһ̰߲˿̿öڵȻΪС
ô죿
ʥпһ£Ŀ⿴˰ͽʥˡ
ô죿֪ô죿
ЦȻóͷ̰ԵĶǿöڵ
ڵͳ
ʵڲġ
öڵ࣬ġ
ȻƱǿҶ˷˵ĻǺ޷֮
ɫϱ仯һҧöڵ͸Ҷϣܹ˻˫֮ĶԹ
ľµȻвʣҲûж˵ʲô
֪Թһöڵֵõġ
ڵҶӭȥ
Ҷ֣֮ǰǲԣҶִ˴ҪһʶҧװһϵЦ˵
ôͷǸҿǵĳ
ҶڣǱ˵۾һеöɫڵ顣
Ŷˣöڵʥڽϴ跥ë̥֮ЧҶֲĻԸ͸Ҷ֣ʾ⡣
бҲһǣӲκ˵ͷ
Ȼ˿ȴܲͷԼƴʥڵͳ
ô˼ء
ҶĻû˵꣬Ѿһڵˡ
ǣһҶȵ
ˢ
⣬һˢֱӽɫڵоˡ
ϴ̫ˡǹ棬ȴû
Ϊ֪Ҫڿȸǲܵġ
ˣ
ȸڵҶУ˿ûԼµ˼
Ҳн찡аˬһɨ֮ǰıͷ
ʥǱҶѹƵģϴʾãʥڵ׳ˡ
֮ǰҶûгֵʱ򣬽ʥǵǺεȵŰԵûнǷ裬̤ǵϡ
ڣʥǵӱնͽʥ˱ȥһɵΪҲնһǰøһ
һеһУҶΪġ
ûҶǻҪܽʥǺ衣
һ̣߶ҶһŸм֮ġ
Ҷ޿ǿƣͦˣվˡ
˿̣ʥȴڵѪİôˡ
бѻ𡢲ʣȴ޿κΡ
Ҷ·ǵĿǣֻҪҶһ죬ǾԶսʤ磬ֻޱȱĽʵ
Ҷ֣ûбķԸǾ͸ˡ
ǿеķͲʣ˵һҲվҶǰ
ŭ˼㣬޲ʳ⣬ȴƫƫҪЦͷ˵ֱĳͼ尾
лǵȴ֮֮ˡҶЦ˵
һЩˤڵϣзȻ֪֮㻹Ҫİ
ȻԲҽ仰˵ֻǰ̣˿뿪ˡ
ľʥڵͳˣ߳Զ˲޵˵
ȻôƵ˵ҶĻеģ鷳ˣܷ뿪ﶼ˵
˵ûöڵȷϴ跥ë̥ǵĹЧ
Ҷͨҩܿ㿴öڵ̺ſֲѪһԴȪȫĻмĺô
̩֣öڵðɣ
Ҷֽڵ׸Ե̩ðһƬ۲ѣȴĲδٳ
Ϊ֪УΨ̩ȻҶѾ߰˵ϴöʥڵЧġ
ڵãѾҪˣܹҶʣöڵ𲻵á
෴̩ϣȴ޶ȵķá
ﾡã֪ġ
ҲһĽʥڵǳϡУܹϴ跥ë̥ǵģӺ
Ҷӡ̩ΪжʥڵҶȻľ͸ˣݶ顭̫ˡ
þ֮вдĪرӿȪֿ̩ʼקˡ
ˡˣˣҵ쵹ˡħӣһı顣
̩һŷɹȥЦװһ𣬾̨֪
ؼҲ񰡣޶һԲЦ˶ֳۣһƬ֡
Ǿȱ°ɣ
̩֮ĽڵͻȻѣһִзɳ֯һֻѾӣݺݵڴħ޶ƨϣһӽ߷ɳȥ
Բۡ
˹ֽڿһתչᣬȭͷ̩ȥ
Ƭ֮󡭡
̩һԶèۡ
޶Ѫ
ħ׳˰ӡ


1919 ǿ
ʱҶѰڣ뵽۹ĲС硣
һ˶ɫˣֲ̫ˣ
ɽҰǹ౹ͷƤ顣
⵽һ簡
޷⣬ĺӰҰʬľһվÿһء
һֻֻɫĹ趯һƬҰһ޾ɭĺ˱̲ס
ǵ˵𣿡
޶Ϳɵˣһĳ鴤
ʬò˻ˣ
̩ҲǺȻɫôʬ˭Ҳ޷
ǻëըˣסĺУںˣ˾ò˼顣
һ̣˶סˡ
һ˵ĲʵһʣûмʬǺһĿôࡣ
⻹˼𣿳֮ΪҲΪʬ԰
ҪǣЩʿǿҲڣеĹƥ߾ǿߣôһ𣬲ôҲǡ
ң˿ǰһƻɽһɽ壬Ŵ״ħɽº񺿣Ķʬ飬
Ʋҵʬ֮ǰһЩûһܻȫʬ˺ˡ
ͺӣˡħһӣǰ·ʬ
Ŵͨа֮ĿǣΪӣȻӦöһЩʬķš
ôʬҾҲ갡ӵһӿĹͷ϶ðˡ
ǡɡСʡԲҲ⵽ʬĹ׷׺ǳ⣬ʥĲѡ
һһ߹ʬһһɿݣƤͷпնͨںڣָ׸һ׺ޱȡ

ҽϴȻ٣ʬ˺壬ʴꡣ
䣡
ʩչŴͨһƬ⣬ʮʬ
ȻҲ޼£ʬ̫ˣĥ죬һצ໥ײ䡣
Ҳëˣôʬ˵ȫǾһ֣ԼҲˡ
ͬʱҶҲ׷׳֣ɱʬϣһ·ǰ
䣡
ʥɷˣһʥʥ⣬նƬʬĽ¡
꣡
һɹⶴأСֳһŽɫĴ󹭣һųβͣһ
໡
һҽУ·Ħ̶֮ܶ˶̲סס䣬ⱻ̴˶ġ
ߣɱ
С൱ǿƣһսһ㣬񹭲ǰʬͳͳɱ
ܿ죬׷ߴ˵Ĳ۹Ѱڣ˵ء
ۣ
쳣ӲһǿĹԴšһ߱Ӷʥ·һ㣬ն˴Ƭʬ׷Ҳ˵ص۹
У׷Ҳս˲٣ʬˡ
ͬʱԲҲˣ֮ǰҶһȭͷһЩʬĳͲ׷ױ򱬡
飡
һʵǿĹȭͷķѣɫѪһ
Բ⣬ֱӴʬ֮д˹ȥϹʮֻʬû۹
׷Ҳս˲٣ӣ˻ڣҲ˵㡣
⵽ǵ۹޵ôôʬ
̩䣬ĽսͲУ˿Ǳϵ·ʬĹצ˺һӣЩˡ
һ̣˵ʲôûã˶ʼܣֹű뷨
ʵʿ͵ùˣûıǸôʬĶ֣䣬˺顣
ҽ˷ʬ̫ˣм仹һЩ߾Ĺܶ߸ȥ
䣡
ҶһƬ׹⣬췣٣˲һƬ
ʬϿɣ׵ǡ

ƽСƦҲһƬƽһվһƬ죬ðʬ͡

ƽЦǧʲôʬҵĻƽǰһ
ˣ
ȸɫֱӼɫ⣬Ƭʬˢȥ޷
֮ôҲС
ǲʾղűЩʬһģоӣ˿̸Ͻ𶯣һƬף˲佫һƬʬɻҽ
ºǾһֻֻϵĹִժղŹ̫ˣɱ֮ʵǿ󣬷ǧƣǱûˡ
໺𡭡
ʮͷͬʱһͷɢ۶˸ɫĹâ
䣡
ʮͷͬʱ֣ɽҶɱ
ΪǲҶǵв̫ˣ֮ǵĿǣɱĻ˵֮֡
ʮͷ൱߾Ĺͬʱ֣ʮ߾ʥͬʱɱһûгʥʿ˵ֱǾɱ
ˢ
ҶȻ壬Ų׷ǲ羵ˮһ㣬˲ѳǵĹΧ
ţ磬һȭһƬ׹⣬¡һӽһ촷ۡ
Ʋ˥ȭâɨףǧʬµĲѩһˡ
һĻĿɿڴܶ˶ʼƶϣܽҶ֮ͨĵ۹
飡
һҶһȭ飬ʬɣѪ
໺𡭡
Ĺ־ˣ׷׺ˣͬʱзŹֵڡ
ǿзĹŹڣҶǰʬ׷˱ܣȻΪÿһ·
ߣ
ȻЩʬ·ҶҲԸ˷ս۹ȥ
ºǽ󣬰ǶϺͷϽɢֲϢЩʬ
һĻ߳𾪣ʣµľĽʺˡ
ǾãҶֱɹǵĸǣֻҪڣûн˵⡣
Щʬôǿ󣿿Ҷȴ˵ĲһΪ·
ʥɫǳѿǱڴ˴粽Уʧ˺ü顣
ȻҶû˿ʧǿͨʬأ̫ˡ
ǻҶٳͨͨΪЩʬΪҶ·ɲΪ·
Ҳ׷׷ҶǵĽŲٶͨһ㡣
Щʬ֪ǱҶ˻ô£ȻӦٶֱۣ߿ȫͨ˲ŷӦ
սٴαЩɫұ䣬ƴĻɱʬһڳȥ
һֻ̣Լٶȣһͨˣڱſڡ
ȻЩҶǲ֪ˡ
˿̣Ѿ˵۹ûʲôʬȴһЩǿޣʵԱȵĲʬǿ˺ܶࡣ
ڻƽϢ£е޶ɵСèԶԶرܿˣ͵Ϯǡ
ҶŲߣǶմմҶĹ⣬ǿ޶ϡ
ϾΣյĵعУܹܵıʵ֮ʵȥԵ
ԴˣҶҲΪ⣬Ǹš
ҩϢ
ͻȻǰİ˳ӣйâţһ̵ǰȥ
ǣվסҶһץסβͣק˻
ʲôã̰ëֻҪбûö
ҩҩ
Ǽˣƴţצǰָȥ


1920 ҩ
ʲôҩ
ɻĪǳֻþˣ
Ҫ֪ҩ޼ۣ̫ҲѰ꣬һҩԪɺԵĴͲҪ˵˵ĹЧˡ
̫䣬ÿһλۣ߶һҩ
ңҩϢƮ
ǰһҩĻƬռ䶼˵ܰŶԣΪûŵ
ڰǵĴ£һǰʮŵһɵܰ㣬Ƣ
ҩ
Ҷˣǵıӻ治ǸǵģʮﶼŵҩϢ
ˢ
Ҷ紩Խռһ㣬𣬱ǰڿǰܲʮϢȫڴ֮С
ڣԲͭɫļһһ㣬˱ըС
ǰһ׸ߵСɢʥĹâںͰԲ˶Կ
һǳСȻֻа׸ߣȴԾ׾硣
صǣСÿһƬҶӶͬеһʥһâա
еӣܶȣһ𣬷ӴӲˮݻһ赲
е񶦣ǳ棬ƵһƵĻ
Բ˽߾ȫҪշҩȴЧ΢ҩǳܡ
һҩѣȴ߾۷ľʥսֲȻԽʮֹҩߣȴշ
ڽ۹粻ãǾͷҩ
ʱҩƺոտǲãЩԺȻ˹
һɲǣԲͼӿˣһ۱ϳСǴ˵еҩ
ؼҩһҲôѣǧţ׷ϵĴۡ
ҩȴڴ˵֮УҲ˵ҩ֮ܿ
׷ŵ۹ˣ˿̸ո˼һŰֽ㴿ࡣ
Բ֤֮־Ȼշһҩߣڹؼʱֵ̾޿ɹ
Ϊ˷ֹҩߣԲ쵱½󣬽ҩڽ֮Уշ
Ҳ˲ҩϢǰᡣ
ȻǧҲû㵽ıӣŽᵽҩϢ
ˣ
ԲһƬâС֣ҪԼԵ̬ҩ
ȻСҲǳңҶһƬͬĽâӲԿ
ң
Բʶ԰Ծµ̬СԼ˼
룡
Сǳɴ࣬Ͼܾ
Ǿ͹ֲˣҩΪãǾֻл𡣡
Բ߳ŭƸƵСòƴɣǿĽâӲԿ
˭
ڴʱԲһ׷ͻȻֽжһˣжʱһ
˭
ԲҲһйһͷȥ
Ҷ㣿
Ϣ󣬳ڲԶľȻҶԲжʱŭ
ʣҶ˿̳ڽ֮УǺҩġ
˿̣Ҷе𾪲ٶ١
Ϊ
֣ҶӳУСȻ˹ʵ
ֹʵǳϤ
˵˶Ϥǻˡ
Ϊ
ǹʵӤ״ӳҶ֮УɢĿĹâ
˲ι
׸ߵСȻǴ˵е˲ι
Ԫ
ǵڶ˽󣬿Сһɲǣɳ̹⣬ˮٲ
ҵģ
ٶȼ죬һ׹С׷ȥͷϽһƬɫĹâ
ȻСȴ˿Ӱ죬ٶޱȣһʱ䣬ǾȻ׷֮ϡ
ҩȷֵģԲ׷ߴе
ǷѾ࣬½סҩۿҪշˣû뵽·ɱҧҶͰɱغҪ·ժӣȻɡ
ҩе߾֮
ʱ򣬻ƽͿȸºħҲ˳Űµͨ˽֮УͰԲ׷߶š
Ҫҩ̤ǵʬȥ
Բ׷߷ǳңû˿ԥֱӳ֣ʹħ˴ս
ƾȺɫҲ赲ǣȸĿڣֱӼɫ⣬Ϊһ˲ɨɳȥ
һ
ƽŻƽ˫һ˫׹ۣһСƦһ㣬ֱӴƹһ̷һöԷŰڵϡ
ϽɨһƬ׹⣬һûڣ˫һ㶶ͣ
Բ׷߲νǿϧ˰ǺͻƽСټһȸ
ϣҶֵ÷Ѿοǣסݿһɨ
Ҷģ㣬ҰԲƫ㣬Ҫҩսҡ
ҶСȥԲŭɶս⣬ìһȭҶȥȭâ졣
ҩ־ڱصã
Ҷãȭǰɱٳ˻ġ
䣡
˵ȭͷײƬըһ㣬лϢƬضˡ
ħڣ˿ûеģǶҶǳš
ԲȻǿҲҶĶ֣ʤıȻҶɡ
Բ׷ȴޱȣǡƦȸַŰûƢ
䣡
ڴʱͽʥ콵ʥҲ˽̷˲Զ˲ιʱзŹ⣬ŰԲǣסҶǿٳȥ
Ҷ
ħһϺȣӡ޶̩סľµˡ
ͽʥºսһ
һʱ䣬սѣ󶼱ˣʱп߽⡣
ˢ
Ǵʮ˸˴죬󣬷ʮֻҲɳȥ
ս㲻ʲôƵ裬ڳгߡ
䣡
ǳ׹䣬ҶͰԲĴսͬǵ۹д۵ӡѱˡ
Բ첻𣬺ҶսϰٻغϣˣԾɲʤ
䣡
һ˽ʹ֡
ҶŰԲ츺ֶԣһ㣬һȾ
ۣ
ԲһѪѪɫʾǰȥһ飬ϵ·顱һը÷顣
ҲԲ𣺡Ҳ䣬ǿģ

Ҷһȷѣֻȭ̫θ֣󻺻תͬʱƵ
սսս
ԲһУͷڷɢҲǰɱ˫
䣡
˵ȭͷĿĹâһɻϢһӽˡ
Ҷһȭʮ죬ֵۺͷһڽɫȭͷϣ·ص־
ԲҲ˼£һǰһ赲޵־Ҷȭͷݺݵײһ
ۣ
Բȭ˲䱬飬ҶһȭѪ࣬ұҲըˣѪӿɭɭĽ

ҶһһѪԲӶˡ
ԼȴѪȾ£ɫȭͷɢŵĹâޱȡ
ҲšԲʧǣвϵظĸ֣Ȼܽ


1921 ׷

Բŭ
ΪһǺɨ֣Ǳ
ž
Բתİۿɼٶȿ
ҶԹۣδֹ
ղһս԰Բʵ֪ԲǶ֣ȼҲС
Ϊ
ղδȫ
ҶģҲ䣬ǲ㣬ҩҵģ
ԲҰ˻𣬻ֲʥҪƴ
Լ䣬սҲҪƴһսһ
Լɱ˵·ϵһ羰
ǲҪˣ
ʱʶͬʱһ۵ͯһ㣬ġ
˭˭˵
˶ˣôͯ
ҡ
ٴ˵ʶ
һ˿ˣ˵ľȻ׸ߵСҲҩ
ҩڣⲢϡ档
ÿһҩǶһ޶Լʶġ
ҩҵġ
Բ˲ϺҶƴһСȥ
䣡
СɣһƬɱ⣬ԲǱܣеĺˡ
ҾͲշ㣡
Ŵܴ죬Բ쳹ŭˣһֻϽ«ɢſֲʥ«һƬϹ⣬Сսȥ

СҶӲˮһӽϹɢˡ
ͬʱʥҲչֶΣϣܽҩշˡ
ȻȴЧ΢СͲǡ

ҶʶСֶշǰԵ
ܿ죬СӦͯЩ㯣Щ
Ҳ֪ҵʶովѲá

ҶԺ˲ðһʡ
С϶ŵ¼ȫˣһε
ǲҩܡ
Լֻأÿһһֻأеµʶ
˲ιӦԻģ
Ҷ˵
Ĳ²⣬ܴ󵨣ȴûһݡ
Թҩô꣬ڹ֮ÿһ궼޾Ĵ˵
Сȴδκδ˵гֹΨл˲ιĴ˵
ģ˲ιϤĸоϲ֡С۵Ҷʶ𾪣ĳȡ
ֻǴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬û뵽СķӦȻƺ֤Ĳ²⣬СпԵ
ꡢ˲ι
һеһУƺ֤ңԶϹţϵȷֹǿʿ
Щ˵ӵɽժ׽µĴ񲢷ǽֻǴ˵ʵڹ
ֻǺ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ϵԪԽԽϡرòʺʿˡ
Щǿʿ׷̤ǿչ·ȥѰԪӯĵط
Щʵã޷ǿչ·ճʧ˴УֻĴ˵
۹пǴӵ̤ǿչ·Ĵµġ
ҲѹʮأĴۡ
ҶĳȣȻһԺС
ǿǱޣҪǣϸӦϤϢ
С۵ٴҶʶ˵׷ߣȥѰʧļ䣬𣿡
Ȼԣ
ҶæӦ
Ц˲ιһᣬܻһʣܻǧꡣ
ңҩƾۻ굤бزٵһζҩλᣬһҩˡ
Ҷδǿϲ˵ˣԺϳһ¯ۻ굤ˡ
ҿˣ㲻ܶҵһṱ׳һ֣㹻ƾۻ굤á
СԥһƺҵջǴӦˣ˵
İɣҲġҶ֤
ÿһҩǱ־Ƕһ޶ģٵһͻһ꣬־顣
˵
СƺЩţʵ
ȻɷһԼȳ׷Ҷϡ

ã
СˢһͻգҶǰһϸ֦
Ҷ΢΢һЦָ֦ͬϣһ¡
ô£
ʲô
һĻ˶ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽κ˶޷ҩȻҶǰҪʾ׷˼
ӽҾ׷桭ʲôţ
СѵõĲ˼Ҷѯʡ
Ҷ
ŶԣӽҾ׷ҶǶˡС˵ʶдһϢʱ׵һƬ
ô
˶ɵˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҩȻ׷Ҷ
Ԥʾʲô
ѵ˵Ҷ֤ϣ
ҩǱ޷˵׷ߣ
ҶСӿ϶ñӵֶƭҩ׷ġ
Ǻܶ˵ǲԸҩȥ׷Ҷ

Բụ̆òѪˡ
ѾֶΣգҩǲϾͷҶһδƾʶ׵ҩĸԸ׷档
Ҳ̫ˣ̫ƽˣǳĴԿ
һ̣޲Ҷƴ֤Լǿģҩ׷ҶֱĴ
Ȼûж֡
һûоԵİգҶʵֱɲݣ͸
۹֮бȻĻԵҶĻʤˣҲûʵȥСȥˡ
ΪһõҩĻԵΪܲ㡣
Ҷģúұҩұȡ
Բ˵
ʱӭֻûߡҶԣǿƻӦ
طûˡ
ԲһһͯŮٴ뿪ˡ
һ·׷߲ϼ٣ʣ׼ۺӣˡ
ǵȥʥǵİͽʥҲ뿪ˡ
ҩٴѾû壬ȥĻԵ
ˢ
СӰһΣҶϣɲǼʧˡ
ռûУֻʱסˡС۵Ҷʶ
ҶСԼϣѾһƬ࣬˿Ӱ쵽ж
пռ
Ҷ˵в̿ռսƷ
Щռûã޷ȥ͸űˣǵ۱ڵĿռʺҾסС˵

ҶֱˣСһﻹޡ
Ҷӣϲ㣡
ħӭϵҶʾףأͬʱĽѡ
һҩ
۶Ϊ֮û뵽ȻҶ׵շˡ
ºɫӣΪӣȻ֪ҩ֮
ҩΪһԪ޼۵䡣
ңҲ־ϵ·ģһҩߣǱɱص˶ܸԭ
ҩ͵Ƕһ˭ۡ
ȻҲ֪ȻҩѡҶǱѾûлˡ
ңҶǵֵܣҲĽֵܴ
ҩѡҶǵ֮һһˣ
ûߵ߷׷ۣ̾Ҷǿʵˡ




1922 
۹嫣ÿһ㶼һС磬лԵҲΣա
շҩ֮ҶûͣǼ룬Ѱҽһڡ
סôˣ
úǰİͻȻһһ˫ͭâǰȥ
ҶҲ֣֪УѾ֮С
Щǳ죬ֵĺͻȻƺܹʿҲ
ʶ̽˻֮УʲôҲӦ·һƬޡ
ƬӦþ͵һˣٶȿ㣬ˡ
ǰ·Ҷһ˺߽дС
ԽԽأ֮ǰããһƬʲôˡ
꣡
ìһҶڵһļǺš
ΪоЩԣƺһֱ֮ȦӣԽԽ룬ȴʼ޷߳
ৣ
ʱҶɫ䣬˸ոµļǺš
ǣǲǴ·ˣһֱڴǶȦӰҶ˵
ܣⲻ۷ѣ˱ķۡ
Լ
ҶԼ֮ǰµļǺš
ô
Ҷ֮ǰµļǺţɵˡ
һ˫۷̹⣬رԴнֳһ磬Թһ㣬ޱȡ
ģˣմ㣬ۣȻûһƬ󡣡ǰûڵ˵
һ񣬰ȻĹ󡣡
£һֻצӣп̻һӵ磬Ƕ֮УӲٳһͨ
¡¡
ʱ䣬رɫһصͨ
ССҲס
ǴԲѣƺҲҶ²ŲĴڡ
Ĵ£һͨٴУܿ㴩һعڡ
۹նɱޣھŲ۹ڴ
ʱھŲ۹ڴѾۼ˲ˣɺСҲڣȴδóȻ롣
øλõˣʵڲ˼
ƤЦⲻЦ˴кһǷӣúܶǳ鴤޲ðƤЬ档
ǣ̫ȱ£̫˺ˣ
ھŲӴһʯŸɣ˾η
վǰӣͷΪƻƣһһƬƬɡ
ʯͼԭʼĤ׵磬ηع񣬸иֹޡȡ
ʯһƬ磬ʯ֮ʲôռ۵Ǭ
СĵĿյʯǰ͸оһɳɱ⣬ëըˡ
ģȻϣʯǻɱԴɣ
ǿ˻أˣµ˵
ɱ󣬿˲ɱʥ֮׼ۼǿ߶޷ǿᱻɱĥ
ಣ
ʱһЩ󵽵߲ֱʯгȥҪռȻ
꣡
˸ոճʯţͻȻ߶ûһֱӱ˷ɻҡ
С
˵һݣһ¡
Ǽ˵ʵԲףǿչ·ҲպҲǿʯš
Ȼʯ֮ȴˮҲûзϢı˷ɻң˾塣
֪Сһ
ʯڵɱֲӵٵǿǼ˴
ꡢ꣡
˫⣬ʯڵĻɱͼѰҳһȫͨ
ˣ
𶯣һ縡֣˫ֻüͷ˴֣ϵܣ˼֮
ȻƬ֮ǶˣɱѲ⣬ǧû޷ݣ˵ˡ
ϴ󣬿ˡСƦӻƽ˵
ңƲ죬£ĵۼ֮⣬ûбƲ˵ɱ󡣡
˵գʯǰվڰȫĵطʼ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼϣƽúܶ˶еֵĻɱ
һֻѣƽɱǲ
ǣСʺ޷ƽɱһֻʲô취˷ʱѣ
һЩ˽ֶε䳰ȷΪܹɹ
Ҫ
бۿЩˣ׽˵
˻һЩ˲ƻˣһ첼޲طȥ
ꡢꡢꡭ
һ·类û뵽ʯ֮С
һ̣Ǳׯ£˿⡣
䣡
Ƭ̺ʯ𶯣һƹͼԭʼ񣬲֪ޡҪˣ͸ڶ
תƣǬλߵ翪
ҧ⣬һھѪȣͣʮ
ʱ䣬ʯڵĻ緭纣һ߷ֿԳһֱͨӹᴩ磬˰
ʲô
Ȼƽ˻ɱ󣿡
ôܣ
һĻˣ˭Ҳû뵽޲ߵĻɱȻıһֻǸƽˣ߸ǵ֪
ߣ
һȣһ⣬ʯгȥ
Ҷ˽Żͨ޾յĴɱ
Ҳȥ
˸׷ߣŰǿٳͨʯ֮С
ˢ
С⣬˫һչչᣬ׷Ҳʯڡ
Ҳ׷׸Ž룬Ǽ԰䳰ȷ޵ݣͱյıʲô
죬ɱ纣
ոͨɱҶ˱еһɼܽ˿ɵĳҸº裬ɱ⡣
ǰԶһ޴Ļɽ籡ĲҽΪĻ𾫣Ԫһֻֻɻˣ裬౶
裬ɱǴӻɽвģĵ
뼫ڣɭȻɱ˶پĸо

ɽıȻмǴĵؼһ漣
ΨмɽܿǴ
ಣ
۷̹⣬չ׷ǲһɽڳȥҪһʱԵ
䣡
ɱ糱ƥֱնϣ㽫նˡ
ͬʱһɻ˷ɹһƬ棬Щٳɻҽ
ء
ǷһҺԸٶ˻ڣѺۣһӰİë˸ɾ
أˡ
죬Һ޸ܴ
ãƽֻ˭ô̰ʲôⱨӦ˰ɣ
죡
۵ֱߺߡ
ħҲǳ𾪣ǵʵǲ׷ߡ
֮ϴǳ̣֮Ҷľ嶼ضãȻסķգֱ˼顣
ԣƽԾԾԡ
ԼӦܿסķգôǱ
ңǿԺɲУֻڴ˵еޣ¶סĻǰ׻ˣ
㲻Уɡ
ȸס˻ƽԼȥ
ɫҲǷǳֲӦòڻɽ籡Ļ𾫡
ǶҪ
Ҷֹ˿ȸص⴦ɽǳ죬ֻϵĻ涼˿£ʲôȥ̽ʵ




1923 
ɽΰ
籡ڷɣɽܲһԪ֯һž
ɽУɱ纣նꡣ
ԶԾɸܵǵɱ⣬ѡ
Ҷ˫âżᶨĲղ飬һһɽȥ
飡
飡
飡

ͬ𶯣Ҷһ۳Уÿһղ
ৣ
Сʵһ˻ͨǵɱͳҵĸ£ɵɫһ䡣
ţɺͰԲҲ׷׳ͨĵھŲ۹
ɱ
˱ɫ׷ǰĻɽȥ
һ˲
ǿ˱ľ
һӰٳɢʥ⣬Уɽȥ
ҪռԵôСһХһ⣬죬Ҷնȥ
˵·ôһХֳʥնգضҶǰ·
ͬʱԲ졢Ӻͽʥǰ衢ʥҲ׷׳ֹ֣Ҷٽɽڡ
Ƕ⾿ĵھŲ۹ֻһ޴ĻɽпԵڻɽɡ
һ·ϣǼҶѹƵ̧ͷ˿̳ױˣ˵ʲôҲҶõĻԵһҲѹ
һʱ䣬ݺᣬȭâ죬ҵĹâ׽Ҷûˡ
һλ֣ͬɱһˣһʥҲסֱǾɱ

Ҷӡ

ħ˴ŭ׷ʩչǿսСʵ˹ɱȥϣܹ˻Ҷѹ
ħͷ̫ˣ
ľºһ֣ºʹħˣԮҶ
ǶҶſ̹ǵĳ޺Ϳ־壬ֺޱ
Ҷλֹ䣬Ǿˡ
ǸҵţҶǲƵƤʮ塣
Ƿݣ󷨴ˣΪ֮һ岢¡
ˣ
λ𹥻âĵϣҶȻ壬ֱӳſǿİ
Ԫط˸ת̫ڰת
䣡
ֲĹѵأȫڰ֮ϡ
꣡
ֲϢ̫γµĹת
飡
ҶƤһ㣬ɳȥ̫һЩҲˡ
ˢ
Ҷ羵ˮһ㣬Խռ䣬˹֮ɽڳȥٶ֮죬զࡣ
ߣ
Сһɽ𶯣ʮٻۣһ֧ɫļ𣬴ŷ֮Ҷȥ
꣡
գգۼ䵽Ҷǰ
飡
һֱֻץڼϣǰ֮ٲܼٵ¸ɽڷȥ
Ǻǡлͣˣ
ҶԶԶشСʲѪ
һǵûܶҶκ˺û뵽ɽУ׷֮
ǿǺ˰
ħ̲һ仰ɵƵ㣬޲óԼ⡣
׷ҾͲܶûԵԲڷɽڳȥ
һɵҲ󣬷׷չǵɱͳҵĸɽгȥ
ɽ˷裬籡۽¶ȼߡ
Ѱʿ޷ӽ΢ᱻֲĸ·ճɻҽ
ɽڣ籡Ҷڻ֮Уһȥ
֣ɽڲȴֱܹֻΧĻ棬ʺɫ֮顣
ǰҶͻȻ֣ڻ֮УȻһֲ
ĪҩҶһ񣬿첽߹ȥ
Ȼ߽֮ŷ֣ǸʲôҩǻɵһΡ
ҡҷڻš
ͻȻҶһڻһʯԻϵļ׹дĸ֡
Ծд۵
ǵһôҶĬĬ˼
룬ǰ߰󣬻ɫɳ˵¶Ҳӳȡ
ɱǿˣնꡣ
⣬ǰ֮ҶɫΣһɫǧ򻯣ûй̶̬
Աһʯĸ֡λ
ͬʱɺСʵҲ˵һתɻ赲ǵɱͳȵĸ¡
ȴûҶǰΪڽӽʱ⵽ͬɻһĻԪĹյøǱ
Ҳȥ
ȸһХɢɫ⣬ٳɽڡ
ȵң
ƽһУһβ׷ȥ
ҲȥºҲڿն𣬽ڿȸ֮ɽڷȥ
ͬʱӺͽʥǵİ衢ʥ˶һۣҲ˻ɽڣҪԵ
ҸǣǶܿסǾɱͳҵĸ£ѵ𣿡
ǲޣϽͷһƬϹ⣬ڣ˸ºɱ⣬Ҳɽȥ
Ƕȥˣô죿ħ
ô죿ô죿£޶˵
ĻԵûɶ¡̩̾Ϣ
Ǻɽڵ¶ȺɱⲻܿģóȻȥĻп䡣
ȻЩȴаûɽڵ¶Ȳûôֲȸͻƽ嶼֮ܽУʲô
ˢ
Ӱڿնһɽڳȥ
䣡
ոսӽһɻӹһƬ⣬Ǽ˲ҽһֱӱ飬ֱӱ𾫷ճ˻ҽ
С
һĻò˵һ֮ɫ
ЩҪɽԵǶʱʵˡ
ղųȥļʵǳǿѾ۷壬Ȼɽڶûнӽ㱻ճ˻ҽ˾
ӽɽڣȸһХ𶯳Դ֮˲ЩԪɵˣݵĲһ
ƽҲƾԼ޵ѹоյĽ˻֮С
ºɻչȭ˹ǵˡ
ӺͽԶҲͬ˵Ĺ˻
塭
ϽֲĲֱӽˣβ̵ϸߣ°ͼ̧ȥ
໺𡭡
ոմҶһű㿴ǰһͷС
һƬɫĻ棬Ϲ˸˸¶ȼֲҶı嶼оȡ
Ҷٴοֻ֮ǰһС
ǸʲôСһͷɫ룬ȫɫĻɣɫΡ
Ӧýϻ˰ɣҶΧȥ
ȻڲԶһͰʯڵ£ԾԼ׹дɵ֡ϡ
Ǹû˵£ûˡ
ҶûС
ãڻĻԵ
ֱɫĻ֣ڹ˸˸ڤһ㣬ڵˣϢȼա
ڤħ𣡡
һΣҶûпΣȴڻп˳Ƭʯ֣һʯʯ֮䣬֡
ɱ޿ײ룬裬ն꣬궼о
ͻȻҶüͷһɺСʡԲٱƽ
겻ɢ
ҶҡͷһӰһֱӽ򡭡


1924 ֲ
ڣ
һƬѤĽ⣬ϼһ㡣
¶ȱɫߣֱĻ档
Ҷüо־ɱǿˣ
⣬ֲĸ¾Ŀı壬콫ˡ
ܳܣҶ
оĽȻֲɱҲֱն꣬ϴľ廹ܿס
ͨӦû⣬ͺ˵ˡ
֪ɽһм򣬵֮ǰľһһ¶ȸߡ
ʣ¶ȾԱȽıܷ񿸵סͺ˵ˡ
ңԽǽӽ־ɱԽǿܷ񿸵סƥɱⶼ˵
ౡ
ʱҶͻȻһöӽ
Σ
Ҷ϶ɫĻȻнɵΡ
ÿһֻ涼һΣǶֲֻ߸ɴڶеλһ״
룬Ҷܿ㿴һֻɫСͣǰʯ֮ϣͷƺûмİˡ
ౡ
ɫСУתϽСȥǳɰ
ʲô񣿡
Ҷȣûмݣû˵κιżмء
ܿ죬ֻ֣ɫСĽϾȻһϸϸһ㣬ɢŹâ
Ȼȴ֪ǾԲʲôͨĽ𶼲ǣȫɽ淨ɵ
ε˩·һʯ֮ϣĻΧʯΧʮס
𣡡
߽֮Ҷ֣ʯĸֻ֣֡
ĸԱߣһС֣ȫϵļ׹ġ
Ҷı£Сʱѧϵ֣ϲ
Сֽʯ˩ŵĽɫСֺһЩϰԣԼࡣ
ֻɫСг񣬱ȽڻҪֲȻǽɵΣѾ߱ǡ
ϲ׽һȥ
һ£һ̫¶ȻҪֲĻ򣬽ʲôĺ
ˣλոγɵʱԷƬ֮УֹƬΣࡣ
ౡ
Ҷеĸӻˣ·ܾûнӴ࣬˵ĻԵøǡ
Ҷ̾ϢǣСһģ׽ȴʵԭ򣬲òƬ֮С
Ƭ۹ڲ֪ˣҲһ㣬˶ꡣ
Ǹ˵Ļ㲻Ҳͷˡ
߰ɣһܹԵģ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬳ֹͣУ˵
һ̣оӨҺ˸
һֻɵΣһС飬ǻúöʱȴ̵ⷽԲʮ׵ĵطǶôĲ̣
һ̣Ҷ̲סҪӦˡ
Ȼȴ֪ԼһֻܳȥĻˡ
ԲҲܣҶֹĿһۣлĻһ᳣ģĲܴߡ
Ŷðɣ֪ˡЩʧ䣬ίСһ㣬
һҪŶֻи˵˵ѣ̫įˡ˵
һģһģҶ˵аģа취һȥ
뿪ʯҶǰУܿıԵǰĽҲ˱ɫ
ҶŽһֱɫУȻоһǿҵոУֱۼȼˡ
ҶȻıɴʥ׼۱ȴסɫĻգɼֻжôĿֲ
ûվڵıԵ˼ƽ֮
¶̫ˣң־ɱҲǿ˫صΣҲо⼬֡
ȻνľԵڻܽ룬ʵڲġ
а߰ʮһҲҪĿס
ͬʱСʡɡԲҲĲĻԵ
ȻȴδóȻ룬ĲǾɱͿֲĸü
գɼʥͷâ۳УݴĲ򣬽ɫĵ֮С
СʼһСɢʥǾɱͿֲĸ£ʣлɫ
Բ˫ͷһڱӣһƬ̹⣬ޱȵĲɫɫ׷ױˣ޷
ǽĲ󲻾ãӵҲִϻԵ
ϻ𣿡
ƽмһߣ𶯳һƬɫĻƽɲǼ佫ϻˣݵ߽ɫ֮С
ȸɫһХɫ𣬺ͻƽһǰһɫϻ˿κá
ϻǿȸɫͻƽĻƽҲǸǵģԵϻ˺
ֻǾɱü㱻ն꣬Ѫǿͨ
һһ񻷣oһ㣬ɫȥ˿û⡣
ΪƽͿȸ˵ʵԶѷǶܴͨԼȻκˡ
Ȼսɫ֮У㺧ȻɫɫȺɫڤħֲˣǧڸѪ⣬ǧһľʹܡ

ӴУ˲ܲסϻķա
˿̵Ѫ죬ֲϻܵȼкȻ
һĻҲú󷽵º˿˸ţʱȻľ
ͬΪӣӵʵѷǣӶ޷ֲֵֿĸ£ҲһԵֵ
𡭡
Ӵת丸µɱͿֲĸ£ɢֲϢ
һ̣·һ̫ŵʾһ㣬黷ƣɢֲĻ
ȥֲĸº;ɱҲ޷κֺ
龰º˶һۣ׷Ч£ʩչһصĹâе
ѵĴһ㣬л죬ɢ΢ĴϢ棬ݲĲ
龰ʥǵİͽʥɫ΢䣬֪ԼʵλӲ£ǿסɫյĻԼҲס
һҧҲʩչһصĹâ˲ͬʱһʥס꣬Ĳ
ǵӣȴ׼ۺᣬѪ棬츳ʶڴӣҲӦɶʱķԵϻա
ǽͬʱһҲͬһ㣬ɢĹ󣬳˽ȥ
Ҳ
һУϽĲıԵ
ҸǣôȻȱɱȥɱƬײѽѽѽ
Ǻų˵Ĳɫ֮УϽϻ໥ӳȻΪÿһͨ
Ц񷣬ܵУעҪ֤ƻʣ
ǧڳԣʴʣɢ


1925 
ڣ죡
ɫǰһӰ
˼βܰȫĴҵɫ
ԶС˸
ҶڵǰþòҲûСĵ̽ʶ
䣡
ǵʶո̽ɫ򣬱һ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭǵʶɫһɲǣǿֲĸ±㽫ǵʶճޡ
дֲ
ͬʱеһĺ¡
ҿûóȻȥʥҲѱɫ̫ǿˡ
ǿȣǾԲҶ
˿̣ҶͣǾ͸ˣԼͬͣɫء
ú󣬿ȸͻƽӵȺϵ
ǰ֮ҲûҼǰͣڲԶ
ǰԾ֮赸ȻȴдֲɷһС
Ҳ
УǶϽ˹ͭĴ׹˸˸
ףӣû
Ⱥ֮Уһ۱㿴ӣһ˵
㡭Ӵŭǿҵս⡣
ǿǳ˼ۺ졣
뵽͵Ϯ飬Ӿһ
ǹ˼ҶԱߣֻ̳֣澡ʧ޵ȱ˺ӡ
ʲô㣿൱ţһ仰ҭֱۡ
㣡ɫ࣬һ˦Ťһԣ۲Ĳ
ϺǣҸ˦ӣƽͿȸһɫ缸
˵䣬ͷϽŲ׷ǲһâֱӳȥ
ͬʱϽһˮͰֵ磬һӽһͷڷ籬ըһ㣬
ףͲͦµġЦȴ˿ͣΧӱһͨ
ˢ
ȸϵ˫쵶һ㣬նգݺݵնϡ
ƽҲʾǱɵĻƽһн̫Ѩȥ
ǺǿһǸΪӵѪ֮˫޵ļ֮⣬κζ֡
ȻǺͻƽСһԶƷֶͨҲⲻ˰ᡣ
Ա߻һѷĿȸɫһܵ
һ棬ӱ㱻˸ͷת򣬱ƽķ۴˸ࡣ
ɲͨˣǵˣϣʱ׿嶫ˡ
ֻӣǴΪ˷ܣֱӰڳһֲɱ󣬽ɱ֮С
ƽͿȸͨٳɱ֮УŵùӾһٿŹ
Ҫ죬ɱֲסˡɫ䣬ѡ
Ľ棬¶ô߸ҵ̨סôֲĸ¡
Ȼڽķ£̨߽⣬ȫĥˡ

ӻѪƴȼѪ̲صʷƬǿ˳
˿̣ڣˣ̥㱻ˡ
ƽͿȸʲôƲ磬ֺֺݣȫˣҪɱ
ǵɱǿֲڽֻƬ̣ȴص˺
һر֮ǰҶһû뵽жɢҥԣҶΪħϸ
Ҷûзϣȴܲˡ
Ҷ˭
ߵ²ˣĿΰģԽ˹֮ۻʡ
ӣȻҥ£ߵ²Ϊħϸⴥۡ
ԣӱʵҲС
һֽ͵ϮȺŹȻûܽӻУǴ⡣
⹷ӵͦӲȻˣС˹ŻѪǱ
䣡
ѪڣȶһƣŭλǶıоУϣնľҶģ˭Ҳûлᡣ
ʲô˼Сüʵ
ܼ򵥣˺ȽҶĸɵٸƾֶΣƽĵľ
˵Ҷڣûκλᣬֻ̫Ӷ飬Ϊѡ
йȴ޵СĮɨ˲ԶҶһۣƽ˵

Ҷӣ˫Ĺâ˵
ôɫ󣬵Сǲġ
Ǻǡ
ҶЦˣ˵ɱ㣬ûֹ
ϣͻȻһɹ⣬ֻȭգǿƥӻȥ
Ҷ
СʴŭһһبҶ֮䣬ǰ·
䣡
Ҷ⣬һȭ飬꣬ɢڽɫĻ֮С
ȥƲ䣬ڿգսһǰƣӡ

д󺧣ֺУƴչܡ
Ȼȴͽ͵ģҶһƾѾȫںδֻȭؽϡ
ǿֲȭɫش
𡭡
СһХչ٣ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʸϵضҶչȭҶֻȭӲƴһǡ
䣡
ѣɫĻ涼ɢˣ֮ȫգĿĹâһɴϢ
ˣ
ձԲͷӣǿɱȭգضҶ·Сγǰл֮ơ
ͬʱɴȰ˵һ֣֣ͬȳҶвƽ֮󼸲Σ˵ƾֶԵ
Բ飬ԥˡ
ȻҶҲкøУͬʱҲףҶûκλ֤
Ҷһɽѹͷ
һ۹أҪ֤·ߵĸԶͱҪء
ǿչ·ϣЩ㹻ˣҪи˵أ
ڴʱСʵʱһ˿ԥ
һУЩ㹻ˣҶĳ֣ƽ⣬ԣ
ҶԶû֤Ļᡣ
Ҷ֣ԲסˣΪ֤ҲòĺøĨɱ૵˵
һ䣬·Ϊսһ㣬֣һʥգҶͷ­նȥ
ã
Ҷһȣ侲ĵһͬʱ֣Ǿ˵ľ𣿡
ҪſҶģɡԲĴ𣬻·ȼһɢԵϢ
˳ƷνҶΧм䣬չֶΣҪҶһɱ󻼡
ҶɱˣҲû˵ʲôʵӲΨлŵ˲Ÿмֵ
һҶξգҶᶨޱȣ޵֮ơ
䣡
СӲƴһǣֻȭţ죬һӽСʱˡ
չǿİ̫ΣӲ˰Բ˫һȭһѪ
Ѫɫììڽ֮ϣ״ʥ֮С
ɲǼ䣬Ҷһ֮һ
һ紩Խռһ㣬ѳ˵Χǰ
˵Ҫɱ㣬ûֹ
һ㽵ԼǰҶĮӸεѣɻҡ


1926 ޵з
ȻȴԴС
Ҫƴһ
𣡡
һӹȼȫѪеĴӡǿȡ취Ҷȥ
ǹŻʵķ򣬿ֲޱȡ
ϣ
Ҷ˫տȻ̣ȭһУһ
ȭͷڵѪʵķˣĥ
䣡
Ҷ˿裬䣬ת֮صƳ⡣
ϣ
ȭһһǰľӵͷ­ϡ
ۣ
ѪԽѣ
ӵͷ­·𱻺ݺһϣױ鿪
䣡
ʧȥסķգɲǼ䱻ճɻҽ

һɳӴҽУޱȡ
һ̣ĺˣĳޱߵĻںޡ
ʱһεĻѡҶжԡ
ϧΪʱ˵ʲôˡ
ǵۣҲƲڵ
꣡
ӵ껯һ⣬СʳȥϣѰ󱣻

û֤
ģ
𣿡
Ҷͬʰ𣬾ֵ˼㡣
ҡ
ӵҺȼհӡ
Ҷģң
Сɱڣȣ񶦻ڶӵһ
𣡡
Ҷףһȣ깲˲׷˷Ӷݵꡣ
䣡
ӵ׻Ȼͣѵתеʿɢɫ
ѣȻը꣬ɢƬɫ֮С
ˣ
һλŻˣҶ״Ĩɱ
˶ˣ
ӣѾҶɱĵλ̫ŵۻʵˡ
ɫҶĿг𾪡
λ̫ŵۻʵӣȫһУֱ˼顣
һ̣УҶ˵ɱ֣̫ŵۻӵʣеĿǡ
Ҷģ
Сʱŭ˿𣬻ɱ⡣
ƤӵǿɱӣҶûн˷ŭ
Ȼ
ŭҶţûһۣǽɨԶĽʥǰ衢ʥˡ
ˢ
Զɫ䣬ͣĲȥ
һˣҲûֱͣ˳˻ɽڣ˻Եᡣ
ǺƾԼʵûģֻܸΣա
ңҲҶǳ֣ϾʥǺɹ޵С
ѾˣҲڴ˵Ļʥǽһ겻Ҳ޷翹⡣
䣡
սһͬʱ֣նñˣһƬƬĿռڶ
ڵ۹֮Уд۵ܲͱˡ
Ҷ˿裬ٳһ˶𣬲㽫ɫ÷
ߣ
սУҶǺº˵
ǲߣºᶨ˵Ҷһֵ֮һЩѹ
ߣ
Ҷ𣬵󼸲¶̫ߣɱɱӣ޷ֵȥ
ºɫ䣬֪Ҷ˵ʵԽǿĻ򣬻Խǿ־ɱҲɱӣܳܵġ
Ȼߣʵڲġ
ңҶһ˶սΣգǾӡ
ɣ֮ǰȺɵһˣΪҶСӼһЩѹ顣
ã
ȸͻƽͬºҲû
ѳɶ֣֮ǰҶһЩѹҲ㾡Լһ
ҪԸϲһӣ
׼ֵʱҶȻ쳹ھŵ۹

Բһ㣬˱ըԵҶ񹥡
Ҷչǧɱ۵ɱ֮УдУìûƵ˲òСӦ
ߣ
龰ǳ׷ˣͻƽȸº˳˻
תرɫ֮Уʱ޿̲Բܾ
һﳤĽâ췣٣նգס
Ҳ˳ȥɣսֵܲġԼ׷˵
ǣ
׷߷ǳɴ࣬û˿ԥֱȥ
ܹ뵽Ѿļޣսȷܲġ
ɽΧͣڰȫλãйע֮е龰
ȻֻܿһʲôҲˣҲ롣
ǻ𾫶˺ټϴӻĴնɱ⣬Ǹҽš
䣡
Ӱһ𾫣һײʥǵӪ֮С
ǽʥͰ衣
ѵô㱻𣿡
ʧȥ˵Σʥǿչ·ϵĵλһǧɡ
ľ׷ǰѯʻоʲô
ˣ
ǱҶɱġ
ɫ˵һ仰ĬƾѯʣǶһԲ
ˣ
Ϣ쫷һ㣬ٴ𾪡
ʱ̫ŵۻʵӣǱͬһ˻ɱֱ˼顣
һʷ׷׳֣̫ŵۻʵӣҲ޵С
̾ϢλһĲʵ
̫ŵۻʸӾʮأѹ߻ģӵдˣһʱǡ
ǵĵϵѪӵкƵʣӦ޵ѹһе֣޵֮ǿƵǶ
ȻƽȴΪ˱˵ǣǵ貳гҶĹâɡ
һκһʱؼΨһǡ
ϧһгȴΪǵı
һʱ䣬˶Ĭˡ
Ψüͦˡ
ҶҶۣ
ĬĬҶ֣г˽Ժ
˵˭ܶյĿԵ
ã˿ڣ׳һ⣬ʱ˵һƬۡ
ҾСϣһûС׷߰Ȼ˵
Լãɵ׷߲мʵ
Сӵ٣ȻռơСʵ׷˵ɫư
ٶȲһǾԵƣʵӲɵ׷˵
һʱ䣬Ӫ֮ҩζŨнŵļơ
Ƕܿƣڼλûֳʤ֮ǰǲƴ
䣡
ڴʱǵ˳˳һƬ⣬øʿ׷׶ܣ±꼰㡣
ɣֻˣһ춯ء
˷׷Ʋ죬ȴû˷ʲô
˶֪Ҷ׷ߣǻֵ֮ܡ
Ҷ̵ֻԸǶ԰ǲĻһҶõĻԵ֮ĵǣ
ǰ֮ǿɲΪλӵڶ
ôˣ
ûмԵ
νĿԵʲô

ܶͨΧѯʻڵʱͷˡ
ססһһʡ˵һһƷʯڰصҲҪᡣ
ǣ
ǣ
ܶ˰̣ͷ̫޳ˣʸȻշѣǹײ֡ҪǮ


1927 ͳͳѹ
գҲûܵɼ̡
ΪºѾ˼˵һ顣
Ҳ·治ǹ棬з޷Ȼ
ϢֵǮģҪõϢȻҪһЩۡ
ûѵͣ˭Ҳûƽ׵ĸκϢ
Ȼº˶Ѿ˵ˣβҲûãֻĬʵ
漴˵ҶСӽѹ֮󣬾ͻģõĻԵǵŰɡ
ʱ䣬ɱɺͰԲ졢Сʵ׷Ƿ׷ɫƵĵ

Ǵ˻һ˴󻩡
˭Ҳû뵽ȻҶģǿÿһһľǿߣһսпܴǿչ·ϡ
֣Ƶľʥӧ棬Ҷƾʲôѹǣ
Ҳ˵ƾҶ֮ǰֳսпѹλ𣬶ռͷ˵
۵ӮһЩ˵ͬϾҶ֮ǰǿƱģ۵
δأҲ˵ǶʬɽѪõֵѪǺѻģ֮ǰսǶܿƣûƴһƺȼƴĻ¹˭֣ϡ
۵ҲϾɺͰԲ졢Сʶ˵ˣȫɱ
潫ǱƵɽˮĵزѱǲƴʯ١
һȺ׳գ
۲ݣСƦӻƽƲ죬Զ޷ףһֽȻͬжôֲ
֪Ҷʵжôֲһܲȵġ
ֶԴȻֻǲݴδƣȴѾǳֲˡ
Сǿ󣬰ԲٰվֻʵĲ޷ֲ
Ҷ൱ģż֣ҲԲҶĶ֡
䣡
ɫڣս
սһʼȻû֣ȫóѹ׵ľѡ
ڣؼ両ֳһƬص磬סأ¶һƴϢ
Ҷеһ㣬ìȾѪ㽫Բ춴ˣݺύʮ˵˿ڡ
һ۰꣡
˫⣬͸գҶϣһ˲Ԫ
ǡ
Ҷ󾪣ЩˣȻõ˵Ԫ
ֲ̫ˣҶѾӵǧҲڰ
䣡
һ̣ҶڵѪˣʢľѪٲʧȥԪ
ȭԾ£
Բһ¡˫ȭ·ƶһƬǿգ˫
ȭҲᣡҶһȣȭȭӶȭͷͬʩչȭԲȭӭȥ
ͬİԾ£ͬһǰ
䣡
·Ƭˣȼյһ㣬ĿĹâֲϢ
ۣ
ҶһһƬѪӲԲһֱ۴Ѫࡣ
䣡
ڣ˲佫Ѫճޡ
ն
Сͷ񶦣ֱᣬնգݺݵնҶͷ
ۣ
ѪŽҶһֱЩն
ȻüͷҲûһ£һìСʵĴȣɫѪ䡣
ѪӲ
С𶯣ֲĲֱӽҶˡ
Χ£Ҷû˿ʩչ似˴սꡡ
ʥ
Ҷһȣ˫ֻһѲ⣬һ쵶Уɢɭɱ⡣
ǡͳ飬Ծǧɱ۵ĵ۱ն쵶
ˢ
âһӽԲΪ롣

ԲҽУƬٺˣڲԶѵĸһȼձԴâеɱƳ⡣

崮ѪɲǸԭ
Բȴǿһ¡
Ҷ̫ǿˣֱսʤһǿҵС
飡
Ҷʩչɱɢ֣һĳһ޴ĺɫͻأĳ֣һƽķɳȥ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Сͷĳ񶦾ҶһЩҳࡣ
꣡
СʹǶϽۣɫѿ˼㡣
û뵽ҶȻʥܿƣֲ̫ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬʱⴴһݡ
Ҷһɲĸо
Ҷ·һ׼һ㡣
ֻ۷壬ûгʥô˿ֲ
һʱ䣬г˴ܸС
֣ȻҶȥţȴƫƫʵ
ʣǵĻκһ˶ҶĶ֣ᱻɱҪ˵ͬһսˡ
ſʱڵĴۻ̫ŻһսҶʱȴ˵
ǲҪսͬʱҪķպʹӻĴľɱ⡣
ɱ
ԲӣһâһһҶɱȥ
̥Σ
Բ̥һɢſֲһβҶɨȥ

Ҷ˿ս⣬˫һӣûֻ֣ݺڲ̥βϣӲסһ
ţſڳХһӣԲ졣
һ챾ԴǺһ㣬ޱȡ
䣡
챾ԴɢȴҲס˰ԲĹ
漴һţҵĽâһ񽣣߷ɳȥ
üѿһۣɵӡصۣݺСȥ
1v3˸ƽɫ
ҪˣһҪס޷սʤҲҪԲ˵
ûѾ£޷ˣֻܽΣնɱѿССҲɱڵ˵
˿̣ﻢ£ҪҶɱ
ҶǵĩվҪˡ
һԲƸˡ
˿̣ЩڣҶǿԤϣֶս
һҶͦһأһУĶ֡
սٴα
ɫ򼸺ݲеĲӣܶʯֶ촷ۡ
ౣ۸磬ǻˡ
ͻȻһ۵ðԲ˻ɢæ˳ս
ҶҲһ㶣֪䣬սѾתƵʯе
ʲô
𾪣ȻѾǽɫСǽɵΣȴ̫Ծˡ
ǳԾǣֻȻʶҶƺǴԶ١
ǲҶĵ·ǰУԲδֻɫ
޷ǻκβҡҶ
ȫر깲ɱɢִѣĽսתơ
ƻֲ̫ˣһʯ˷Ļ»ޱ߽ѡ
ʱսȫҶƿأ˷ǳø
ˣԲһ𣬵ʹ˽ɣ
ϣ·ȼƲɢֲϢսһء
Ϊ˰ѱ
ȼ


1928 
䣡
Բȼյλ棬ɫĻ棬Ӳˡ
һ̣Σգ
ҶҲ
ÿ˶зǷˣһսͬ
һǷ񣬲ƺȼձԴսսֲ
һХҶСʺɣȫɱԲ졣
ֻȭգſֲԲȥ
𣡡
Բɽӣͷڷ裬һȼյսһȭɱǰ
䣡
·һ㣬ĿŹ⣬ձ飬ع㣬һɴϢ˾
ۣ
һһѪꡣ
Ҷ侲²ȾѪץŰƬķκѪ߹ǡ
䣡
ڣ˲佫ҶеѪķηٳɻҽ

ԲҽУȫ飬ֲ֮뾭ʴ
ۣ
ԲըˣһƬ֫⣬漫ҡ
Сʺ̲סһ־Ĺâ
Բʵ޼ޱһսҲԱʤ
Ȼ
ҶУǿһȻ˲䱻߽⣬汻ƣսս
ңȼİԲ죬Ҷƺбδȼ
һƴȼĻǽǶôֲ
ȿȡ
ԶԲתԴѵһò԰ޱȡ
Ѿ˵˱ԴÿһҪĴۣҲֲ˶á
꣡
Сʳգһɹ⣬նѲ񷡣
ţҲˣȭţɻ飬еͬɡ
һ̣Ҳƴˣ
ǺֶκβҶһҶ׽˰Բ죬˽Ӽѡ
ԣҲðԲ䡣

𶯣Ӳˮһ㣬Ҷɱ涼Ӳˡ
ٴγ֣ȫޱĴԼǿ
ˮɿգػ棡
ɴǿһգҶնȥɶնꡣ
ҶһХӲӶֻȭӲһ貵ķǰɹɱ
УҲնˣ·𱻷һ㣬Ȼʱ
Ҷо𣬿ɵȷǵشˣȻõָ
ʱ飬۷Ĵ۶ֲʱʴȥΪ
䣡
ֻȭһ赲ɽɱÿռʱңŷһĹâ
ϡϡϡ
Ҷȭʥ֮ϣĽ
ʥ֪ʲôʣȻ˼ӲҶʮȭŽѺۡ
ɴ󾪣ҪջʥҶȭ¡
ʥеõģӲ̶ȿ׼ȻҶȭҲֲסˡ
ȻҶ⣬ȭգʥ֮ϣѺ۸ˡ
꣡
ʥһҶȭ»һط궼Ĩɱˡ
ۣ
һѪޱ⵽ش
һֱʥԼδĵ۱ļС
˿̣ʥ٣Ҳܵ˼ĳɫò԰ޱȡ
ϣ
ͬʱҶһСʵ֮ϣ񱩵֮˲С߷ɳȥ
ݣ
Сˣϳ֣ȡ񹭣һʸһҶȥ
ˢ
ҶһΣȣɵıܿ˽ɫļ
ûõģ˹ΪǣֻҪϢʸȾѪǾԲͣġСʰȻ˵
һʮ֧
ŹǿȴһСʣҲֻʮѡ
ղһʮһ֧ЩͿˣһ󷢰ס
Ҷɫһ䣬ܵ˾޴Σա
ЩɫļԪϵʱԽԽ󣬵з֮
䣡
ҶӶȭͷӲһ֧ڿУꡣ
չǧɱ۵֮УдС
꣡
ìȾѪܵشİԲ챻һìʺ֮С
飡
ҶۣٴνԲ飬ͷ­ӵÿ죬һش
شҶȫˣԲ켴ûҲʧȥսвˡ
ţսìʹãӲһ֧ˡ
Ҷٳʥ⣬̫󻺻תĪ
䡢䡢䡭
Ҷչֻȭʸȫ飬Ƭˡ
ܲŴ۵۵ĵطɣǶᱻ״򱬣Ϊ泾
龰СͷƤ飡
ǵһʲôĴڣȻһľʥҪǿ
ܣⲻܡ
Բǣϵܵ˾޴Ĵ־ˡ
֪Լˣ֤׷Ҷ
ҶԶʣпΪʹֹҲд
ٻԶ棬Ѫգ
ɻϣһһ٣羪һ쳹ء
ģȻǵӣȴӵˣԶҲһڴ۵Ĵڡ
Ϊ֤֤֮·͵ڶһеϣǱɱҪܡ

ɴУͷڷ죬ÿһ缡ѪһɿֲϢɢ
ܿ죬۳һӰΰϵϢ
𡭡
ɺأƬɫˡ
żᶨĲȭҶɱĺӰһ£һֲ赲ơ
죬أ֮ѹһеС
Ҷǰɱͷ˿裬ƾ죬۾٣޵֮ˡ
䣡
ֻȭһ赲Ҷᶨޱȣ˫ȭֱ֮ӽӰˡ
ۣ
ɴѪӰɳȥѣ̥ȫⴴһߡ
ԶԽģٻģԶҶƽ˵
ĿתСʡ
˿̣Сĵѣʧȥ˰Բɵǣƣһ˾ԲҶĶ֡
ҲƺͲ⣬ҶһʲôĹ̥սֲ˵ɺԡ
˿̣һ䣺˹ˣ
Ȼȴͣչȥ
ȥ˿̲ӣҶɺͰԲ֮Ӷˡ
ߣʹ𣿡
Ҷһߣչ׷ǲ紩Խռһ㣬ܿ׷ȥ
飡
ɱɢĳɫĴһӽСķɳȥ
ϣ
ҶתرһӽŹǴС
УҶоһǿҵĲ˹Сʵһ긽š
䣡
ҶһĨֱӽСеĨɱˡ
ԶС̲סһѪɫԹ
ȻȴͣչӶݡ
꣡
ҶŹһɫʸգСȥ
ҲԷֳǣԲɶ˿ȥ
һ䱬ǵꡣ
Ȼûջǣ˻ӻ֣߰ɣ
㲻ɱǣ
ɺͰԲ˴Ϊ⣬ΧɱҶ֮УҶʤȴɱǣ˲⡣
ɱ練ƣգΪֿڰƽףɱ֮Ҷ˵
˻һ𣬿ҶĿжһݾη


1929 һ˵ûԵ
ɽ⣬˶ڽĵȴ
Ҷܷѹ
ֻ꼻һָ֣ɵ
еսǣ˵ġ
׷һȻ
ǿҶǿҲλĶ֣Ȼᱻǿɱ
ҶʲôΧ£û˿ᡣԹ˵
һӵдˣˣͬҶĻԣעı硣Сʵһ׷Ҳ͡
׷۷׷ףҶѾֻʱѡ
һȺ鳣
бЩһۣǲм˵
˵˭
һȺǿ̺ɭȻɱ
ΪֻҪҶһµ˸Ϊ塣
˭ǻҾ˵˭
Ҳǳصģһɣɭɭɱ⡣
㡭
һȺǰҪ˺⽴ͷǣ̫ɺˡ
ľڿսô
ƽͿȸǰͰǲŶڵУ˿塣
ôǷ㣡
ºλҲǰĵ
ͺ¿׼壡
ħһкͬǰһħħ֮ħһһ˵񻷣𣬶ǿս⡣
Լȷмʼ棬
ĵ۴̩лڵУһϵַ˸һƬ貵ǳ
޶ʲôҲû˵ֻżᶨĲ𶯣Ͱǵվͳһսϡ
ǿƣЩԥˡ
ǺǿյĽû֮ǰȴҲԸðա
Ȼ˿ˣǲġ
ڴʱдһ󲨶
ʱ䣬˵ĿȫɽеĻȥ
䣡
һѪ߰ߵӰӻгͷɢңǱ
Сʣ
ܿϳ˴ӻгӰʧе
Сʣô
׷ӭȥԾʵ
ʲôҲ˵ˣ
Сɫѿ˼㣬׷ߵĲ£һ߰ʥϥ˹ˡ
ô£
ʲô
Сʵ˶飬һֳըˣ۷׷ףǱ峡ˡ
Ȼʲôû˵Ǵı鲻ѿ϶Եʧߡ
ܿ죬˱Ĭˡ
ǲ˵ǲ˵Сʲؿˣ˿˭ʤ˭ǵڸҩأ
һƾչĻ˭ܵס
ʱٴδ˵Ŀ⡣
һΣţյĽܿϽ
䣡
УӰȺĳһƬ⣬һļĵùճ˻ҽ
ͬʱ֣ɺͰԲ׷пһ£ɫʱѿ
ʣҲˣ
ѵҶôǿ𣿾Ȼ飬ʧȥԵʸ
һʱ䣬Եøơ
ΨϲɫЦտ
ȻûСôǱʣˣǸ߰Ը񣬾Բ˳ġ
ɺͰԲ໥һۣӱ˴˵пκͿЦ
ʲôҶǰǸЦѡ
֣ȼ˱ԴȴҶĵ߶ûбƳӿһɾ޴ĴܸС
ǸԻصԼӪһԲ˹ˡ
ʥӪ
ͽʥ䣬ɫҰףҶð˵սһˢǵ֪
Ȼ˶һԲȴĵ׵ʧսܵʵ
˶ˣȺ˽
Ҷʵ̫ǿˣ
𰡣һǿգͬȴ֮ԾɲĶ֡
۵󣡡
ʣҶǵһǿµĵһˡ
ͬ𣬺ǧ޶ֻ֣Ҫزۣؿ֤Ϊһۡ

Щ۵䵽˶ڣ·һ㣬ǸԺ
ҶСҵѣǽ˵
飡
䣬ԴϾͰ˸۵죬ģȴһ֡
Ϊǿȸ
ȸѵʲôѣǵˣٸҺ˵СҌ㡣
ã
ƽһֻ
ȸѵǣº˲ݸҶ⼸׷ʵ̫ˡ
˵ľʲôü˵
治˵ΪֹǶ֪۹˾λۣ͸аšº˵
ʲôֻҪǴµģȻǱǴֵ˵
ʺҪǴһƨֽҲǱƽЦ
ޣԴ۲̫𾴣ΪԼ֮ǰбȼ۵ս
ԣº˺޲һ٣һ죬̫ˣ
ôҲǴӣǼ۵ģԼĸףǻޱȳ羴̬
ƽСƦӿɵãԴû˿𾴡
Ҳ˵ʲôϾҲҲԺвƨֽˡ
ֻǣ֪֪˵ǲš
ֻ̧ͷ죬װûӡ
Ҳܺ棬Ų۹ڻɽڣ֪ٲģ۾еĵʺϷŪˣ˲õľ
ֻǣҶܹ򣬵ģȡ
ǲ֪
Ͼÿһ¶ȶͬԽ¶ԽߣҶı壬һܿס
ο˸֮⣬նľɱ⣬вп
ɫУ
Ҷʯ˹ˣɫĳʯϣת䣬
ܹɣ֪ҶҪ˹ˣûв˵ԸҶˡ
ƺһĵĽҶڡ
Ҷĵ˿Ѿȫһ̫ͼΣΧԪط˸ԡ
ͬʱϵ˲ιҲһƬ֮⣬ˣԪ
ڳ˲ιİ£Ҷָܿ۷״̬Ѫȡ
ԴһԹԵģ鷳ġҶ׼뿪ʱ򣬳
ʱУҪȥһԵĻһߡ
Ҷûаѻ˵Ϊв̫ˣһ뿪ŹǣĳǵĻǽһѡ
ǺðɣҵЩ䣬˵
Ҷͣɫȥ
ߴ˷ΪǾɱ·ָ·һ㣬ָһĿ
ҶãԼƺпֲ¶Ⱥͻɢžɱ壬ô׽ӽ
ָо޷˵ɫ
ܿ죬ɫıԵǰһƬɫĻ棬䣬ڻ
Ǹǻǻ㲻
ԵվҪԣҶһķޣɫ򡭡


1930 
䣡
Ҷɫһ˲䣬͸еһɳҵոУ۵졣
ɫ¶ǽһϣʥҲֲ˶ãᱻѣ׷ٻ١
⻹ǻӦе¶ôֱҪˡ
Ҷϵ䣬óһֻƿ׼Ͻࡣ
ȡĴɽȪһϴõģҲ΢
Ȼ
մóƿˣһɽȪ˲ʵʵϴһɣԡ
ͷˣҶһԼĶͷЩε˵
¶ʥס˵ͨˣһȡػɣûһ
ķˣ¶̫ߣѰ޷Ļó
弸ˣ·ѻΪҽƤݺύſµѺۡ
ô죿
Ҷһͷ˵ǣ۾ڷ̹⣬ɫ߶üͷš˸
飬ûֲֿĸ£ϲ
Ȼ˿Ҷȴһĳ嶯
¶ֲ̫ˣ
ԼıѾǳǿ󣬾أҲǱСˣҺϴ־ٵĴ˵ǽղ֮Ҳˡ
Ȼɫ֮Уȴܵ˾޴в
ƣܴвоԼҪˡ
ܰƤ
Ҷ䣬ϵȪҺħǸѹ˸ɾëûʣ£ȳһס
ˣ
ѪڣѪˣ˷·ȼһ
֣һҪȥ
˿̣ҶԺֻһᶨ
ҲҪȥһ޷ͨȥԽΣա
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ

Ҷÿһ·𶯣ڴϣĽӡضˡ

ҶͻȻһˮɵһ
طˮŽмأ
ѵһˣ
ҶʹҡҡͷѸղˮ˦ȥ
Ȼȴͽ͵ģΪһˮ
ǻþˮ
ҶһܹĻдڵˮȻǷƷ첽ˮķȥ
ʱ㿴һˮ
֮еˮ
һƬ֮أһˮһ㣬ɫĻ֮УԾôۡ
ˮ֮Уһҡҷɢŵ⡣

Ҷһסˡ
֮һˮѾǳˣˮ֮оȻֲ
Ҫֲ֪뿪ˮûġ
һЩһǻɵΡ
Σ
뵽ΣҶһˣˮ󣬿¶ɫɵΣĶӦôڡ
ȻˮԶҶһʯ
ʯּԾдĸ֡
ѹ¶ôߣȻѾ˷ķ롣
ĸԱߣһС֣һ㡣
ҶŬϣɴµĴĥ˼
ܹѾΪѵã黹Ǳġ
˻ɽӻɣǵڲоŲ򣬻дһ䡣
ǰ򶼲ʲôĲĿ飬ͨߣʸô
߲Ϊɫ壬Ψн崸ԳһĻõ
ڰ˲Ϊҵ𣬷꣬Ψнܽĵھأȡô
ҶЦλĻܵûӦʵ㵽Ҳ޷뼫֮Уȡ
û취ֻܲһˣ
˿̣ҶһƬѪ죬ֻ͸ĴϺ
ȻڵĻԪطȴ쳣Ծڲϵ˸Źâ
еҺȫѹһգ˿ֻӲˡ
Ҷһ̾ǰС
֪ܴ߲ҲҪһ£ġ
ʵ󣬽һӣ߲ıԵ
Ȼʯ˵߲Ѿû˻棬ȫһƬʵ˿
Ҷûгԣ˼
ÿٴоҶһԸԽΣյľأԽ侲
ңֻΣռӾ磬ĸ졣
Ҷһ߽Կǿֲĸ£һ߾˼һһ㡣
ʱ侲ţ
һתۣȥˣҶԾû뵽ΰȫͨȡô
һĪչʱԺͻȻһ
Ҳǻ𰡣
ȻǻȻӦлıʺͷڣܹıʺͷ͸ĻǲǶԼû˺ˣ
뵽ҶԥֱһˮԣˮеĬĬ
棬ؼҵɾɷپǴȻΰ֮һ
أҶץסıʣǹвոҲ
ʵϣǼԻԪصĸѾﵽһ£Ҳ˵ˡ
ˣ
ҶڣַɵİлԪطĶȻǿҵĹâ·һȼյ̫һ㣬Ҷ塣
һ̣âɣһɫȻûڣͻԪطĽһĿ貣һĪĵת
Ԫؼ£
ҶĸоԼԻԪصĸѾﵽһּ£ԺһЩ档
䣡
һǿϢҶվһϵĺɫƤ䣬¶ͭɫļ
һ̣·һڵ֮ѹƵĺ
̫ΣԴԴϵĽ֮תΪάڵƽ⡣
ҶоһԼڵƽⱻƣǽִ⡣
ĿǰӦûû⣬ֻһһˡ

ҡҷƺ˵ʲôȴûκ
Ҷ֣ĳɵζܿ˵ȴܡ
գԭһϣɾԲܿ˵
ңƺûк˵˼ͳѹˡ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱٴξҵҡȻˮа˳
꣡
һâ˲֮С
ȥ
ҶˣԼ˿ջˣ˭ܽס
˲ιͲ˵ˣ磬ҲˣңԼҲҪססɡ
ûнҶ壬ˣһࡣΣʱܰ
ΣҲʲôˣ
ҶȻвãȴҲ޷ֹֻĿû뵽Լڡ

ҶһҽУҲˣȻˣ˭ܵˣ
ûչֲֳ¶ȣ˲ͻữһѻҽ
ˢ
Ҷ֮󣬲ûֱͣڵĻԪطȥˡ
ҶΪȻѵһҲԳһƬռ
ţԼ̽ԪطС
ɲǼ䣬һƬ磬һ綨һ㣬Ƭռġ
ҵڣҰкãȥɣҶ
ȻǴүһƾҶ˵ٺûƤӶĥˣǲᣬ·ﰲһ㡣
գҶֻεĽʵ
åڵĻԪطвˡ


1931 Σ
߲Ϊ
ѲͨĻ棬ȫһƬʵ˿תһƬѤ
ȻѤ˿ȴ¶ȡ
ÿһ˿·һɽһӽҶڡ
ϣ
Ҷ߾ȫֿȴûó硣
Ƕǣģͨ࿹Ļͨ
ԣ
ҧ֧ţëжѪ˾޴ѹ
飡
Ҷѵǰ·𱳸ʮɽÿһȵôزĽӡ
ǿѹ£ѹòϱ죬Ҫˡ
ҿ˵ܲ۵ۣܲסôǿѹὫҶѹȥ
˿뼡壬ǧУƳɹǣоԼѵҪȼ
ͦס
ҶĬĬΪԼڿ֧š
˿̣ˮûУڣһսľ̿һ㡣
ɫͬһϵķ֮ɶǣϴ跥ë
⻹ҪģҪǣ࣬ڶĽ˵ǵɽ
Ѱʣǰ˲ͻᱻҽʣ¡
ҶҲеھ٣˿ܻԪصӰ졣
ҪˣҶʶ״̬Ҫ𣿡
ҲһкܶҪҪعҪһûмĸף̫̫źԣҾ
һ̣бŷǿų̋Լʧ
ҪҪҰ㣿
ͻȻһ۵ҶʶģƺЩ
˲ι
ǵҩ֮ЧܹϴڵĴػһȻҲֲֿܵĸ¡
ҪԼһԵģҶִֵд𣬾ܾ˲ιĺ⡣
¸ң㡣˲ιۣͯ档
ҶЦȻô˵ǽƾԼܷ񿹵ùȥʵں˵
ˣѾû·ǰǵɽ𺣡

òƾǵɽ𺣣
˿޴ڲϵĴǣͷǳ̵ǾһεĶ
˿Ϊסࡢڡơ࣬ɫÿһɫӦеһԡ
Ȼǻ棬ȴ̺ļֱʣҶе졣
ɫ𣬶ӦеķΣ
ɫ𣬶Ӧеģ
ɫˮӦе
ɫľӦеĸΣ
ɫӦеƢ
ÿһ˿ڴͬอڶ⣬Ҷһɽȥߴݼ
ϡ
ʻУ·һ㣬֮
ҶϱյĲϣ˿Ķʹš
ʱһһεĹȥҶڵ𽥱ѹ⣬ֱӱȼճޡ
ѪҺеʶ˿ӲʹıøӾӨ͸ˮһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶á
Ҷһֱڿ֧ţڸҪҧˣʹ࣬ȷǸ
εεϴҶʣ־ȾӲ
Ȼ˿Уȴһֲּȥĸо
ʹپڶΡ
ִ̫ѷ˰ɡ
䣡
ҶоѾ޷ټֵʱڴһȻ죬·ʲôˡ
һ̣Ө񣬾һ̣ٴʵͻơ
ĸоԼıǿˣ·ɣŽĹ󣬳ǿС
أ
ҶڿĵͬʱҲе𾪡
һΪأڽֻǵأѾǿĴﵽ˵еĵھظжôǿ
ҶãԼܹھصĻɵͽִ۱
뷨һ֣һ
ǽʿǵɵ۱
ֻǣҪﵽھؼǲܵģؼѾûжܹݻ߱ˡ
ѳɣ˵ֺ
ҶվһƬƬڵƤ䣬¶ʸеǿ塣
䣡
һǿƴɢ
ţضɽҡǰԶһʯӵص֮ƳΡȻɽ
Ҷǰʯǰ˫ƣʯϵӡʶ֮С
ϲ㣬ͨĿ飬Խڰ˲ˡһ֣ϵʶ
лۣ
Ҷľһλ۳˳羴֮顣
ҪлңʵӮõģϣҽĿ顣ϵٴ
𾴵Ĵۣ˭Ҷʵ
ǳ棬ÿһλ۶˸Ĵڣ޾ǿ˲Ĵ˵
λۣһֱڣ֪λ۵ĵۺţֱ˼顣
֪ģֻһӡѣһģڻܸ㣬ΪҲȷǷͨ顣
ϵ޷ͨ飬ֻ·һ֪Ҳûãܹͨ飬Ļ֪˭ȥɣ
䣬ҶֻԼǱݺݳһƹһɼķɽ˵ڰ˲
@#%%
Ҷ˵һû׼أ
ϧѾûˣ
ɲǼ䣬ѾһƬ֮УΧһ㣬ֲĸֱӷꡣ
ԭ֮˲ͱͬˡ

ҶͷҺ걻յĸоʵԵֵ
ҵ޿ײ룬ʤû˵ϣֱꡣ
䣡
һ̣Ҷ·ȼһܿƣ
ʹһȣ֮ǰܵǵʹͲʲôʹࡣ
Ҷƴȴ޼£ҵ𣬷ҵ꣬޷ܣֻӲ
أ겨ԽԽ
ҵ֮Уûа취ֹûа취ֻܣ̲סĻ곹׼𣬱ҵٳɻҽ
Ҷŷ˵ʹʱȴը˹
һλǵߣȻûǿʵȴһԸ֪еĲ
˿̣ǿ߹ͬ߶Ը֪Ҷ겨
ڲǰͻȻҶ겨ü΢ƺ˼Σ֮Уȥ
ô£
ʲô
ѵҶҲ޷ĵĸ𣿡
𾪣׷ۣҶ˷Σӣܿڻ֮С
ã
ֻΪҶ˷ɡ
һΣǳûзҲڵġ
ԣҶڻ˼Σա
䣡
һ̣ϱǿϢʱˣѾȫָˡ
ͬʱСʺҲȺվ˫ᶨĹâпȥ
ʣҶѾڵϦ˿ǻᣬʱĻܹᵽĻԵ
ô죿
һĻǺʹħ˷׷׽
˿ҶѾΣڵϦʱ룬Ҷɡ
һҶ䣬Ҳѻ뿪
ʲôºʵ
ʲôȻΪҶʬˣ
СĮĿˣ˵ǲϣҶʬҲûаɣ


1932 ԵĴۣ
㡭
˾ŭһŭĿӡ
С˿⣬ɫĮ˫һչᣬзȥ
䣡
ڴʱУҶϢȻøǿȻĪ⡣
⡭
Сɫ䣬ɲάȣڵ
оҶ겨֮ǰǿˣһõѶš
Ҷ˿ֲĻգĻǽûκλᡣ
һԣɺͰԲҲͣòɫء
ǺҶжôǿɱսȻǿԶܿġ
ô£
ʲô
Χ۵Ҳˣһ۷׷ס
ѵղֻ
˶֪СѾûлˣҶ겨Խ۷壬øǿˡ
ˣǳ׷ˡ

ǵǽ
ˣ㲻ҪҶʬ𣿱Ű
ȱڻİǺСƦӻƽ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬ϵķڿСʣޱȣ˫ɭĹâ
ʣڵҶ֮ǰǿ󣬴˿̽ȥ
ǹŹҶУҶúɱֻҪԶܽɱ
ɳ̾һĬĬ˻
ҶûκλᣬôҲûãֻεĽʵ
Բ˫âƺջȻһ̾ѡ˳
֮ǰֶҶĶ֣Ҷøǿˣû˿ᡣ
ɺͰԲȺѡ˳Сŭ񣬺쳤Х
Գ˱
ȻƱǿεĲʣҲܵȥҶ
˵ҶսŰûҶҲѻͨǿֲĻ
գޱȱ˻Űǵ˵ķ̡
ʲô
ʲôȻҶʬˡ
ǲϣҶʬҲûаɣ
뵽Լ֮ǰ˵ĻСʾϻġ
Ҷʬ룬ҶõĻԵ֮󣬻᲻Źɡ

ҵУҶվ꾭գС֮һýӲӵģͬһɽݺύصۡ
ˣ
üѿһӡɳҵвӲԣһ̫һ㣬ҵķպͶʹ
Ҳ֪˶ãҵ˵ֺҶŽջء
һ̣оԼѾԽļޣֻѾ߾
Ȼȴʼ޷ͻһߣʥ
ҲżʥҪġ
һɳ졣
ţһһԳʥĻʺϡ
ˣ
Ӷȭͷһ㽫ջһڶþûʧ
ңǿռڶҲ޷˵ı塣
һ̣ҶɣԱȸߡ
о˿̾սͬĴۣҲʮ㣬оѹ
Ⲣеĸܵ
Ѿ߾żҰֻѾ̤ȥˣ߾ҲһЩ˽⡣
Ҫ߾Ҫع̵ĸġصۣƿصС
Ȼǵ۹ܲŴ۵ĵۣȴĳʥ֮ء
ҵҶռ򣬼
𲢲ֻ࣬ƽңһʵĲϼһĶبڼ֮Уڻ¸
֪ˣȻ˿𣬾ס˼ķա
Ҷ𾪣֣ǲϼһĶԼһ˵ĳȣĪǵʬɣ
ôɢ˿ֲɱ⣬ûнӽҲּĸо
ˣ
תرǾ޴Ĳϼ뵱ɱƣϣȡС
Ȼȴָ޷Ҫ߽вܽӽ
Ȼǿֲɱȴ޷ӽҼ¶ԶҵӿֲǴǵۺϷա
˰죬ҶԼȫʩչ˸飬ȴ˿κβǾ޴Ĳϼ롣
Īǵ۱
Ҷлȣǵ۱ĻǿɾǿԵˡ
ȻҲҪȡС
һҧҶǿնɱͿֲĸ£򼫾ȥ

ս뼫ķΧҶҽֲֿĸºƥɱ⣬Ҫˡ
ʱ˲ι𶯣һƬԣա
ɣ
Ҷӽ޼ʱһڴţһؿڷɳ
ˣ
һһֻСڹſ˾޼ϣͷٱ仯һǣһ㣬ȳھѪھ޼ϡ
ǡ
ҶˣֻСһһֻߣôãҶˣû뵽ؼʱ̣Ȼˡ
СȳľѪڹϣдľɱ⽥
ಣ
С껯һ⣬صҶϡ
漴Ҷʶб㴫һָʾԼľѪҲ棬շеĶ
ҶҵæؿڣγٵͷѪ޼붼Ⱦˡ
أľѪҶͷѪΪһ壬͸޼˽ȥ
䣡
ľѪҶͷѪ룬޼˲ȼ
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֪ƺ˸߹ҡ
˵Ҳ˵Լô֪Щ
ʱ޼ȫȼճޣһ˺ɫĳǹĺبҶǰǹ˸ɢž˵ɱ⡣
ɽ𣿡
ҶԾ˺ɫĳǹȻԴ˵еĻɽɣǼ۱ɲİ
ͬʱоУ·˳ǹĺӣѪһ㡣
ˣ
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ⲻһͨĳǹɫǹžͷǰβںȥ
ˣ
Ҷһǹ΢ʱضɽҡһҡΣˡ
ڴʱ䶸ɫǹϳһУ˲佫˽ȥ
ҶǰһڣٴλظʶʱѾһƬĿռС
ˣ
һϵţҶǰһũһˣſȣմ˵ཬƺһֲ·ʽǳϡ
˭
ͻˣҶǵûио˿־壬ַиС
Ƕҷˣ˵˵
䣡
ҶԴ˲ˣɵɵĿǰˡ
ۣũҲˣȻʼ棬֮׵ķ˴ۣ
ֻһӡǣȴԵ˼̳δɵĵ۱˻˵
һͨũֲڵĴϲϼ룬·˪µ̺ۡ
ܸоϣҵһѪȻܵˣϾͬͬԴϣܲ츣
ˡǷ˴ʵҶɵˣֻڴ˵еķ˴ۣȻĴڡ
ǹԻɽɣɱ̫أֻ̥۱ƼȥʹɳΪһ۱˼˵
һΪλҪǹ
Ҷһɻ


1933 ؼҵ·
˴ۣ
Ϲ֮ףʼ棬ڻӵϵĵλ
Ȼ
˭뵽Ȼһͨũ
ɿݵ˫ɵƤһϸǲϼ룬Ψ˫۾˸ǵĹâ
ǹɱ̫ˡ
˴ƽ渵˵һβΪ֪¡
Ϲ䣬Ԫ棬˽ԿʱĵԶҪĶ࣬干гദ
˴ڵ֤Զ߻ģһƬ֮Ѱһʯ
ʿ֮󣬴ȡһɽ𣬲ڻɣѰԼɻǹ
Ȼǹɱ̫ˣճ̥㱬ƥɱ⣬ɣȫЩŹǡ
˴լʺ񣬲ױԲδȫɱˣӡڼ֮С
ȡɽĻʯȥɱɻ
˵۱̥ǹһֱӡ
Ȼ˴۴δù˻ǹϾɵ̥̻㽨һ۹ѹһõʶӡԴԵˣշǹ
˵ǹڲϸڻ
˴۵ĻҶĬˣܻǹô
Ҷ飬˴۴Цˣģصķӡǹĥ˲٣򲻴׼ʵǲܽӽġ
ţ˴˵ǹ̥ѾҲˣԣҽߵʱ򣬽ߣԼֱгһտԴɡ
л棡
Ҷ˫ϥأϵ˴ۿͷ
Բ죬أȴܲڣ˴۴κνǶ˵ǻʼ棬ܵκδ
ɣҵˣҲóɢˡ˴۵һӡ䵭ƺҪƬռ䡣

Ҷһæѯʵصȥβܻȥ
˴۵һӡҡͷֻһӡ֪ޣӦ˻ع꣬ڡ
˴۵һӡʧˣһѽš
ô죿
ҶȻڵϣԭΪԵķ˴ۣܹе֪ȥ·û뵽ȴĽ
һʾͺˣҶûڡ
ڴʱͻȻоƬ翪ʼݾǿԪҲ𽥱Ũ
ô£ѵҪһƬ粻ɣҶˡ
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¡¡
ҶһۣһŴɫڶ
󣬹âչŴһð׸ߡһ˲ιƬİУŶĿ貶Ŀ⡣
˲ιߣȴ͸һޱȲɣĹ⣬ϸ֦׾Ծ̸ڣ̵֦ҶΡ

˲ι֦ҶչÿһƬҶӶֳͬ״ɢҩܰ㡣
䣡
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⡭
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뵽һţǺͿˣǹȻֻǵ۱̥Ҳǵ۱
ǻǹڲռ䣬Ȼ˺嫣һС硣
һֱûһԼĵ۱Ҳһֱǿ㹻ǿȭͷõĵ۱ԭ
ڣһԼĵ۱Ȼֻǵ۱̥ƼļĻһܹɳΪǿĵ۱
ϳǳġ
ϣһַУͬˣֻǾڵ顣
ɱϳϽȳ
ͬʱҲ֪ƾڵʵϳĵ̫ǿˡ
Ҷлл㣬ĻҺ⣡
𣬴ͯ棬Ż죬Сʹһ㣬Ҷ˼˻
ͺãҶͷ׼˳Ƭռ䡣
һҶǰâһ˲ӻǹڲĿռ˳ǰһƬ貵ļ
һҶ˫ᶨĹâʼת׼ڡ
ֿܽԼ۱ļɲģһ⣬һоͶˡ
ǣҲУûмǹճɳΪĵ۱
Ϊ˵۱̥òðһ
ȣֻһƼζóȻڣ·⡣
һӺһƼһܣƤ⣬⣬Կ赲
ò˽Ͼɼ۱׼˶һܿסֱ뵤Ļ롣
ѪдУȻǳȣȴδܵĵز
ԣҶڽһƼ뵽
ɲǼ䣬·ܵһ㣬ֱû뵽Ԫط֮С
ڽ׶Σһж˳˳Ҷš
գӿյٶȣƬȫ뵤֮С
־ʹ˿˿Ƶļ籼ڵĽӣߣչڵԪط֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãֱһƼҲ˳û뵽Ԫط֮кԪطһαĿĹâƺһĪĵת
Ҷһʶ̽Ԫط֮УѾһƬĺ󣬼ȼգƵ˽ίСϱ
ˢ
âһǹһ⣬ûҶڣ˲ԪطеĿռ䡣
䣡
ǹ֮Ƭռ֮С
໺𡭡
Х죬һɫڼ·ɣ漫𺳡
ˢ
Ҷʶ˳׼뿪
ڴʱ˫һ㶣ͻȻֵһƬ··ǶһЩʯͷ
Щʯͷʯͨʯͷȴڼûбٻ١
ǡ
Ҷ˫âͼӡʶ֮С
ѾߣⷽԲ֮ѾһƬգҵδ
ϥ£ҶĬĬزͼ·һƬ棬һдС
ǻؼҵ·𣿡Ҷ򣬷Ⲣ·һꡣ
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ҶȻô£
˴ôһȱꣿ
ҶڵϸѰң˫âתҪ׷ԴǷĨȥ·
ȻڿͼԵƺһƬĨȥĿͼƺǷ˴ڿ̻֮Ĩȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪȱꣿѵҲڵʲô
Ҷ˼⣬ȴҲһˮɫʯͷӦþǵꡣ
һȱָ꣬ؼҵ·
Ҷҿ϶


1934 ·һ
Уʤޣ
Ҷ˼⣡
ȥ֮ͽƵ꽻ǣȥ޸
ƾʦʵ޸һƵӦò⣬Ͼ겢ǲƵֻһЩȱʧѡ
֪ԼƵ跽治УҶҲȥԽ
ûżȥڻϸϸǹͼ
ˣԻԪصѾﵽһ£ڻԪطתϣ財
ڻԪطĵڲ磬һƬԭ綨һ˿Ѿ
룬׳Ļǹڼɫϣ
УҶĸ򣬽Լı̵⡣
֮䣬컯֮γɡ
˵ǧ̫жδһƼ
˻Ǽ۱ѻ棬治֪˴ôѰġ
ҶȫڻԪطĵڲռʱȴһƬڡ
ǺԵĲ¶ȼ½Ҳˡ
ͬʱǵɱҲʧˡ
ҶѾõĻԵ¶ôȻ½նɱҲʧˡ
ܶ˶ڲ²⣬һϵеıʣȻҶȡĻԵ¡
˵ĻԵʲôܶ˲²⣬ȴҪ졣
Ϊһͼ̴۵Ĺ似Լ۵һЩ
Ҳ˲²⣬һɱͼôӵôǿҵɱ⣿
ȴûһ˲µǵ۱̥
ΪǾ벻ۻһ۱̥
Ͼ̫˼ˡ
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ЩӵĻԵܹѰڶ۱ɲģҲֻ뵽Լԭĵ۱ȥڶ۱ΪҪ
СйâгŨŨͲʡ
ȻҲ֪ȻҶѾĻԵԼټѾû塣
ôûأҪˣǽǶôСгԹ
Щ˾ֻ֪ԹͷߺޣӲԼԭ
˿̣гŨŨĴܸС
ҪҶԵ
˵ҶѾõ˿ԵʲôҲûеõԼҲԶĶ֡
ڣúҶ֮Ĳ౻ԽԽƺˡ
ǳʣȴҲΡ
ߣСһ֣кԼʣ׷ߣ뿪
ܲߣҲϲߡ
ΪҶ֮
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ţʮ˳УڳĻ£Ҷ֣ӳǣǿչ·˵ö֮
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ҲǻһȴûзʲôǼӿٶ۹ڷȥգ۱ʧˡ
ʥǵĽԶ˺Ҳ׷뿪ˣǸҶϾɱ
ʥǺĶԹѾãҲеƵʱǿչ·ϣһߴڡ
ԼˣǾãҶҲпʥǿչ·
ȫǻǾ뿪뿪ʮ˳ǣԺҶߡ
ˣˣ
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ҶСӣõʲôˣóҿײҿȺײҶǰצֱƵǰӶˡ

ҶЦţһƽĳȥ
һɱȱڻ̰Եİǣûģ϶ᡣ
ã
һҲͬȸֱϣ㽫ѹſ¡
ҶӣνĿԵʲôħʵ
Ҳܺ棬ܳĿԵʲô
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ħҲҪ֪ģһ˲䣬ھŲ۹ѻȸҶţ˵ĿⶼһΰӰϡ
ǵ۱̥
ҶûԼڻеľ˵һ顣
ȻģԵķ˴û˵½սȥ
ȻˣǻǱˡ
һ۱̥Ǿ޼۵䣬ԭԵָ
ǻȻҶ˱ʾ
۱̥õˣҪǰԤλ
ºɫӣĽҲмʡ
۱̥൱һ׼۱ֻҪƼӼؿɳΪĵ۱
Ҷʵǿ۱ˣԼĵ۱֤֮·һ󲽡
Ҷӣϲ㣡
ħ˷׷Ҷʾϲ֪֤·ߵĸԶˡ
ûϣ֤ˣ⣬Ҷؿ֤һֵܣҲǵҫ
һҶעâɡ
޿ʵʶλ
£ѹ죡


1935 ۺ
ౣö˰
Ҷڴһ۵ľ̾ŻȸԾ·һֻѳĿС
˻һȻ
Ȼ֪Ҷշһҩҩͬһͯһ㣬࣬Щġ
Ȼȴ࣬ȻҲͯȴԲˡ
ǳ񣡡
Ҷ͵
˵Ҷ¶һЦݡ
ֻɰɱֿСۡ
ȻֻǳΣȴԼǣһȫµСûʲô
ڳʱҶϵʯǰҪնǸһߡ
ȻƾŬþ˸ֶҲûܽնϡ
ΪǸǷ˴Լģķܲŵ۷ڵΪ޷նϡ
գҶ˸취ӲʯʯһսԼĵԪطڵĿռС
һƬ嫵Ŀռ䣬˼ȫһƬá
ȻԵͬͬԴĳȴų⣬ֻҲֻƬռıԵһ֮ء
ˣҲ˷ܲѣܹ߳ƬˣҶڣеС
ϲ׽Ҷһ࣬Ȼ׽
ճʱЩӦ˵Ϣסˡ
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ҶӣҲҪ˼
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ûһָɣܻܿޱߵɱ٣ͨ˿ɵסǿֲĸ¡ºҲһ˵
ҪңҺܹԵģ鷳ġ
˵Ȱ裬ίί˵һᳪ裬ҳɺأҳ
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ˣ˿ҶĿжĽʵĹâҲ̫ˣǼǧһô
һתֹͣԾɳС
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գҶһ뿪˵۹
Ҷ͵۱̥ȡеɱҲͳͳʧˡ
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Щɱǹøˣǹâ˸ɭĹâһʵױ
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Ȼ˵ȴһ¶ȿٽͣŻɣһоҵı仯
죬󲿷ֵطѾûֳҵĻ͸£Щطȴ
꣡
һը죬ܲɲǼ䱩裬ɣӭ˵һꡣ
һ̣˶ɵˣ
ǻɣǰ
ôܻήꣿ
Ȼ˵ĸоǲдģȷǱϡ
ģɣǾȻˣ
ҪŹ𣿡
𾪣Լ۾
ɣϣܶط֨֨ǸɺԵĴرˮ
㲻Ǿúأ
ôצӰһϵˮ˵
˿̣һɽİݴ꣬ǰܶ˶Щ
ȻǵʵòŶ꣬ⳡȴǹ죬⧲
һŽֹͣ
ؼƮ㣬֮ܶر˺СϪˮȡ
ɣƺԪ뵣
ȥѣɫһɲǣƺҵһ£˻ΪҪˣҴҵĳ˳
ȥ̸ү⻹ǻɣ𣿡
ոճǾͱһֿڣɵˡ
ҲһͣǰһС
Զɽƽԭɫ˲
ȻֻǴϵһĨɫ̫ԣʣɣǷ˾޴ĸı䡣
ôһȼյĻôͱԴأ𾪡
Ҫ뿪ǿչ·أ˱棬ȫǨƵŹ鲻Խ˵
ң
ң

һʱ䣬ܶԪɿݵŵص߶
ʣŹǷ˸ĸı䣬ѾʺˣԪӯȫһԴǡ
˵֤֮·̫пᣬѪȺδ֪
Ҳֻ֤ڳʥ֮ΪѰһ֮ء
ˣ֪Żɣе𣿻߻أ˵
˻һܶ˶ĬȻˡ
ͨǿչ·ʮ˳ģͨһƬռ֪
ңܻҵģ˲Ը˵
Ѿû·ҪΪѰһµ滷򽫻
˶֪ԭܵĻɣǣΪʲôᷢı仯ΨҶµһЩߡ
ºȡ˼͵۱̥йأʧȥ˼Ų֪ȼ˶Ļɣߵ˾ͷ
Ȼ䣬ȴ˵ı仯ʼϲġ
һ̣Ҷ飬ƾԼ˼ŹϷϸϸ硣
һɲǣ˼ͻȻܵһ˿׽Դǵصۡ
һ̣·ƬΪһ壬ܹܵᵽ֮⡣
Ҷôˣ
̫ʱ˲졣
⡭
ºһУҶͻȻøߴΰٳ
һ̣죬ǵأס
ˣ
º̾Ҷ̫ˣԴǵĵۺΪģȴеõˡ
֪˶ãҶڴ̫״̬˳ȴ˶һ
ôˣҶЩĪ
Ľ㰡õԴԴĵۺ߾ָտɴˡº˸п˵
ڽ߾ҲǳʥʱȻҲõĪĻԵǺҶвСĲࡣ

ҶЩΣͷ˵ǣνصۺ򾿾ʲô




1936 Ĵ
㲻֪
ºȡ
Ҳе˼顣
ǻΪҶڹǲǣڿҶĲ֪
ϻ֪һǣҶû
Ƕ죬˲ݸ
һЩ֧䣬
ֶشĲ
ǳλ֮ڣѵãԺ߾Īϡ
ô˵ɡ
º˶һÿһƬأ򣬴СһǳһƬŵأеع򶼲ͬ
صıԴνĵϺ򡣡
ʲͬԲͬÿعҲͬ˵عΪʱ䡢ռ䡢ֻĴࡣɣľʱ򣬻ʹʱֱŽħͻƳʥҪĹ򡭡
ʿڴﵽ۷弫֮ڻԵɺ£һ֡
˵ͷһ򣬱ͻ߾ɱ䣬롮ˡķ룬νĳʥ
ÿֻһ𣿡ѯʵûпһͬʱϵĵۺ򣿡
١
ºݸһЦبܹعָ֤ɵۣǰӹŽ񣬳ΪһʱǣͨʿܹһعѾǲˡ
һڽĬȻ
֮·ʬǣ
˶˰·ϣʥĻᶼûС
֮£ǻǱȽ˵һˡ
عô
ҶĿӲ񷣬˫Ĺâ
֪ҪͻƣҪԼǰ˵ľֻοͽܳΪһֵ
Լ·ֻԼߣ
ֶߵ·˶ͬͻƳʥҲȻһ
ʥҶС˵׾٣˵
֪ҶʺжôֲֻҪʱ䣬ྭһЩԴǣʥǱȻġ
գ뿪ˡ
ҶȻںܶѾ֪ħϸҪԴø˽࣬ϴˢԼܵĲ֮ԩ
ϰף޺
ҶһָһûǵüģǷ˴ͨĲȱꡣ
˵ֻҪҶͻƵ߾ɷص
ҶļƻֻҪʥ󣬵һʱҪص
Ѿȵ̫ˣ
ңҲĹˣ
صֻ·һǻص磬ͨ͵ͨأ߱ǰŪȱ꣬ҵصǿչ·
ʶȱ꽻о
ƣ
Ǵһ
ҶʲôΪʦһ۾ͿҶǵۼơ
Ψд۲кǺ
ֻѾȱҪ޲Ҫʱ䡣
ԵۼҲ˽⣬ȻͨôʱǿˣԴͼ̨ҲΪ
˵ǿ֮£ǾƵĴ۸ϳԽ
һʱ䣬Ͷֵˣɵָͣ
ܹо͸Ļ轫һ̨ףɡ
ʱֻҪ̨֣ǿս޶֣׼ҲҶһ
ɽ˽·ٺˣɣȫˣһƬԴ䣬˲
ϣڣ籡ϼһ
羵ŭڣ硣
һ֮أ
󣬻ｫᵮһµ壬һµ
ϧû꣬ｫΪ԰
Ƿ׷׸пĽѣ뽫ԼȫǨƵų
ɣǺ޽Ȼûô󣬵Ҳࡣ
ͬʱ
޾ԶĵƽһˣһӰį΢紵Өķ˿˼ֱ
֤֮·
ǵӰ̾
󣬼׷ߴ˭Ҳû˵ʲô
һʱ䣬Щ
Ƕ߰ɣ·ԺԵԻټǵӰį˵
⣡
˻һ𣬲˼Ŀǰɣľ
䡭
ԣľӲģ
ȼ˿ڣɱնĴǵĻ
׷һı飬ɵҲҲ֮ˣҪ·նĻĥԼԶ޷ԽҶ
ףһ̣ǿչ·޵ֵʱȥ㡣֮ǿ׷߳˵
ûһ̣ʮ˳֮ٷֱҲ١
׷Ҳ׷׿ڣһϣϣܰ뿪硣
ҲãǾͳɣ
ҲľܾЩԼֵǣһӣ·
ͬʱԲСҲƵľԵ׷߷ֿ·֮ĥԼ
ǿչ·ϻԵֻܶ࣬Ҫʵ㹻ܹøĻԵ
ǼţԼʱǣؾˣؿ֤
ʱĴ˿ҡǵĶ־ֻ¡
ʥǵĽԶȴʧȥ˶־
֪ŬҲ׷ҶĲֻԽԽ
۵һ˿ĹâǱ뾡콫αɱϢȥμһ֪ȻǨŭǡ
±뾡õε֪롣ʥ˵
Ƕ˵ĶԻʥǵ鲻ԽĴ˸䣬Ժиֳۼ汩ŭĻ档
εһ˻̵̣令̵ԸʥǶպ
ڷɵϣʺԶھһ
⣬ؿ֤
һ˫ۣ˵ʥǣƬǿգҲûǸǸǿ
Ǹʱ򣬵ۼұȻǿգΪһ塣
ȻϣȴҶɱˣۼưոݣ
ᣡ
ۼұȻʵʩ
ʥ߹ͬ뷨


1937 ըԵϢ
ô£
ʲô
ɣǵ¶ôȻˣ
ģɣǲˣ
Ҷ˴ӵ۹гͬʱǿչ·ʮ˳ǵȴҲˡ
ɣпֳٰȵĸҲڿ½ɣǾǱϨ˵һȴ
˭ܸңʲô
ȫˣ澰بδУ
һڵĺǣôԵ޹ʵľϨˣ
콵ףҪļ𣿡
ǿʼֻţڲʺŲûʧǻھ
ôᾫӢʧڻɣϣǽǲɳ֮أ
۶廹Ƕ壬ͬˣ
Ϊ̤ϻɣǵģֻľӢҲľӢ
۱ӣ
ܶˣһǿ߶ʼϵϣ̤ϻɣǵᾫӢܹƽ
һתۣȥˣԾûκ˴ӲʺϹ
ˣ
ѾʱͻȻӲʺϴһǿҵĲ
˹𣿡
ɣǾʲô£
һ˲䣬˵Ŀⶼ˲ʺϡ
ȻʺƺεĹܣһǿߣҲ޷̽ʺŰ֡
ֻܵȴ
ǲԽԽǿңǿϣ
ܿ죬˾ͿӰȺվڲʺϣ㳡
˿̣ʮ˳ǵĹ㳡ɽ˺ܶͷ
ڿڴ뷢԰׵߽ŵĵȴţ
ЩȻ˥ϵȴݷӴء
һʢѪһ籡
һ澰ÿ˵϶һִѪ⣬һᴩ񷣬ƺˡ
һ޲㤣ǲ࣬ǵһ޷Խĺ蹵ʢľѪŭһɰ顣
ˣ
գС˫һչʩչ٣Ƚ٣
ţԲ壬ڷ䣬겻ɢǿϢ
ɨ£̲ܶסһ类һ㣬ⲻ
ˢ
£ϹźЦݣһɫĹâɡ
ȻûиһְȻѹȸУȴͬ˿͸
ȻԵǵˣ
鴫
ڶһǿ߶ڵȴ㳡кܶûʸ̤ϲʺŵߣ˵ɫʱѿ
ǿǳĿЦġ

һЦҶǰǲǿʧߡ
Ȼ˲ûвǱı仯ǹ׷׾
ʶģǶΪܳĿԵá
һʱ䣬㳡Ϸˣ۷׷ףڸ̾˵ǿ󣬲Ϊһ
ԤڲõĽСʺɡԲУһ˿֤
ǱȻģĻԵǵõˣĴ۱Ȼ֮е
ǽһֻǲ֪˭ѹȺۣЦ󡣡

һʱ䣬㳡ϵǶǲ֮Ա
˵ܴ󣬺Լĸ飬˵гĽʺޡ
ƫƫ˵ĶãЩ֮һֲǶڡ
һʱ䣬ޱȣ޵ݡ
ĵõĻԵҲãǲûеõǿԵʲô֪˵ֻǸ
һ̣һ˲Ҳȥˡ
ֱڽǼڻ¯ϿģȴԶԡ
Ͼ˲֪飬̣𶼲ܡ
׼뿪ʱһӰǰ
ǳǿչ·ʮ˳ǵĳ
˿̣ЦտϽĹųǳ˿Եһǿչ·ϵĵλ˲١
ܳĿԵʲô
ЦеʵϵЦһգ۾гһ졣
ʱԽԽϲ廹õԵ֮ң֮ң֮ҡ
Ϊ˽˭֤ɵۣԺڰĪ塣
Գѯʣ࣬ε˼㡣
ĺ˵Լõ˻Ե
Ȼȴô˵ΪǿԵʲô֪õˡ
ǣ˼ͬһʱ䣬ͬһҡͷ
ô£
һĻϳʱסˣһ˿ɻĹâ
ĪǲûеõĻԵ
ԼƲһ鲻Խҡͷòܡ
ǶûʸõĻԵĻô˭ʸõأ
ǲ֪
̹ԣԼûеõĻԵҲ֪ĿԵʲô
ô
һƬȻ˭Ҳû뵽ȹȻ뱦ɽջأûеõĻԵ
ѵνĿԵڣ˵ʵǿܹõģǷ׷ײ²⣬ȴҪ졣
ʲôȴԸ˵һڲԡ
ڴʱʺٴв
ǵߺܿתƵʺϣȻ˲ûеõĻԵǾûйעıҪˡ
龰ҡͷЦ
̬ůĪڴˣ
ܿ죬ӰͬʱӲʺǽʥǵİͽʥˡ
סأ
ѵõԵ
пܣαϾǵӣӵĴˡ
Ⱥ֮вûеΣǲ۷׷ףΪûкͽʥһڻɣϲء
˵ۣʥǵѣ޲طȥ
ΪûһĪ˲²һ㣬õǴ˵еĿԵֻĻ⣬ʥѯʵ

һ˲䣬ʥ࣬ڰ˵
ʥͰɫѿͬʱˣҶɱˣ
ǵ󣬵ȴܹ㳡ϵü

˻һٴλȻ
Ҷħϸôȥģ
ɶħϸֺһӢ

ҧгݣ۷׷ס
ô£
ҲоЩԼԤϣһصʵ
⡭
ʥſڽ࣬˵ŴƣѹߣҶǿɱ
û˵
ô˵ǸԼĸĨڣʵˣǵߵڰףҲкܶĿߣȻʵ
ǻأôˣһưˣ
Ȼڿʥһ߲ѵı飬ƺʲôǿƽϢŭ
ŭǽģ¿鸴ӣԼжϡ
ˢ
ڴʱвʮ߳ȺӵĴӻɣǻع顣
ǸңڻɣϾʲô£һʵ
ҶħϸҵڻɱǱǿչ·ħϸŴѣһŭδ򱬣ʥͰнʥǵߣȫƵնһΪ
˵ƺЩ춯صԼһ㡣
ӶϢ˿Ϣ֮˶һըԵϢˣҵ
Ȼ˲Źˣ˵ǵΣҲնڵ۹֮УڻɽڵĻ֮Уһ֮ѹСʡԲ𣬲õ˴רҩϿɣ׷棡
һ£˵೹ܲˣ
ô
˾⡣
˽˵⻹꣡
⻹ꣿ
˵࿪ʼ鴤ѵʲôըԵϢ
ػɣԼǲܹҵĳ
Ȼ꣡
ʮθڣ˿첻ͷˣһһٵ˵Ҷõˡ͵۱̥
ɲǼ䣬ȫž




1938 
ţ
ûɣ
̫ˡ

ݵļž֮ȫٴλȻ
ͨʿһ仰·͹һˮʱը˹
ҩ׷棬˼͵۱̥Ǻεˣ
۷׷ס
˵жĽʺ޵Ĺâ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôк¶Ҷģ
ǲİ
ɼβҲûãû˸ʱ˵ʲô
Ϊ
֪Ҷܿͻġ
˵Сˣʥ˵ɫѿ
ǺԼȫΪġ
Ƿŭʡʣȴ޿κΡ
˿ֻܵҶгҶҫ۵ʻ
ҶĲħļϸ˶ԩˣ
ڷ˼һӢǺεȵĲ
֮ܶǰᶨƵΪҶħļϸִ߶׷ɱ
ԩӢܵĶԴû˶Ҫ֮졣
ȻȻˣϵ壬ðű˷ֵΣգħϸɱ
ĴӢۣĽ
ڵʮųǣʥǿΧԡѪЩս
ʵʱ˭֪ʮǵĴǵһǵֵܣҶſ̹ǵĳޡ
ڹ˽Ю˽
ҺҶǿϮնɱǣҶһ˭ܱϳħϸ
һǿչ·ϽΣκβϤ˶Ρ
ң֪жħϸ֮֡
˵Ҷ˴ҡ
ǺԸҶħϸҪó֤ܷڣûõġһ˵
Ȼ߰Ȼ˵Ҷϵ֮һó֤ݣ֤׵ġ
Ǿͺãڴ֤ݣ
ǶڴţҶܹóʲô֤֤Լס
ˣ̫ˣ
âڱԲ
һҲ㳡ϴˣоԼǱ˲ι۵Ĺһ
Լǿ󣬽Ҷеĸӹâɣ߲ʡ
ȻҪ뿪ʱ򣬳ٴγǰ
Ҷ⣬˴Ҫ֤Լף¹شϣܹΪ֤֤ħϸЦе˵


ǳһġ
ǱͺҶǾ֣˿ȴҪΪ֤жŤˡ
ȻĻҲӣֻӲͷƤӦ
ʱһǿĲٴ˵Ŀ⡣
ʺϣҶȻǻƽͿȸ󻤷
ǰǿҫβͶȥˡ
Ϊ˻ƽṷ̂˵ֻǣԽԽ
Ȼⷬĺ϶˼ӡҧġ
Ҷºλӹâǧɣ˼o
ٺǴħӡ̩޶ˡ
һʮˣƺƵĴӲʺ
һʱ䣬ȫž
˵ĿⶼҶϣĿǳӣ˸
ڳºܶѾ̲סҪ۱̥ˣ
͵۱̥κ˶ջ
ȻȴҲ֪뷨ֻܴڻ֮У򲻿ɸ֮жѰ·
ֶĶ֣οֵõ˼͵۱̥
ǺɣڵҶʵ߾ڵľʥ߾۷ǿߣҲûһƴ֮
ƾҲҶ۱̥ϻҪˣ
ͺãͺð
һһǿȫӭȥҶ꺮ů׵ľǶδһ

Ҷипů̬ǿ͸ˡ
֮ǰĿ¶˶ɱ
˿̣ȴӢۣҲһһǿ߶Ŀ࿴
λǰ
Ҷȭ񣬵λǰڳеֵܽãΪ֤֤ס
׼¼Լնɱħϸóʱ򣬳ס
ɣϷѾ֪ˣҪ֤Լף¹ش󣬻ǿչ·޴Ӱ죬ֻһ֤ԶԶ
˵ʮλʥǿߺŮѾϵܸϵҽ֮󣬵ǿó֤ݣ֤ԼףЧá
˵̾˿Ͼħϸ֪Ѿٹ̣ҪʱڸıҵĿҪó㹻𺳵֤ݣҪиڳ֤С
Ҷͷ˵ûôʱܶѾ϶ħϸûԵ֤ݺ͸˼֤ҪʱŤתǵĹǺѵġ
ûĻǾʱҵĳ齰ɣһᱣİȫ˵
Ҷüͷһó⣬˿ֳ΢ЦܵǲųˣԼסңҲ˭дҡ
һ㶣Цᣬûб˼ֻ뾡һӦѣȻ㲻ԸǾɣǻ˱סġ
Ȼ첻ܿҶʾ֤ݣ´ȥˡ
ʱ㳡ϱյ
һ˴ӲʺʺȻ󻺻ʧˡ
ջָɣҲӹųϿʧˡ
Ҷ֣ҾеС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
صסأºҶ˵û׼˼ҳҪأ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǳʱڣСһΪã۱İ˭ܱ֤̰
ҾҶǶԵġħ˵ĸƤ֪˭֪ôģһػأ
Ұ˵ˣº
ԴħּΪԱģȻͬȴҲ֪ںܶʱ򣬴ħľǶԵġ
ѲⰡ
ǻصסСԺ󲻾ãһȺǿʿ㽫ΧסֻӬҲɽ
ºҲסһһҲ÷Ӧ
ҶסСԺľȴ
֮£СԺΧļԺҲ˳Ŵ´ࡣ
ϴ˸ˮ裬Ҷһ˺ƺƵ߳СԺһڰеľ¥
˿̣Ҷˣ¥ϰõĹգҶһڴСۣȡκʯһҪϵȵʳĺúд
ھ¥ϰ£Ҷһľԭʿȫˡ
ҶͰǡºһһ
ʱƲ˱ɫζѣ¥Ʈ㣬Ǻþƣǧ
һ̳ҶѹȺۣûԵħһ̳ƣ˵
˷׷׶̳ӣһ
ڶ̳ΪҶּϴˢԩ֤׸ɱħٴ飬ȴǰ̾ǽҶǾ̲ġ
лл
Ҷ̳һ
һ죬ѵ̫ã


1939 䶯
գ
ʮ˳ǺͻɣǷһ쫷磬ٴǿչ·͸ԴǡŵأȻ󲨡
һЩȽϽʿ׷׶ʮ˳ǣҪ֤һʷԵʱ̡
嶼ֶΣܹٽϢݻȥ
һʱ䣬ܶŵص˶ˣ
Ҷǲħ壬ǲģǸӹҶϵĵ۱̥ͻĻɣǣ
ŵأܶಢԴǣǿ߿ٳС硣
ʱĹȥСеԪݽߡ
ٹ֮󣬿¾ûˡ
ΪԻͣǱ뾡ѰҵһԴǽдǨ㡣
ΣǱҪҵǿű仯˵Ļɣǣ
˳ɽɣǵλá
ܶŵصǿжѰǿʺ
ͬʱҲõϢ
ºǴݻȥġ
ǿ߽Ϣ˻ȥ
磡

ɭ𶯣һ
ô
λӰôװ˲ɣ
һҪҶѪծѪ
ɳǿߣǿչ·ɱԸοӺӣλӵ֮顣
ŻʵѪܾôˣ
һʱ䣬ŭ۷׷ףܶǿ飬ɳһǿߣҶɱΪλӱ
ǿӻӣδͽ
Ȼֽȴûг೤ʱ䣬ͱҶɱˣǲܽܡ
ȻҲһЩΪҶ̫ǿˣͬ磬߳һĹŻӶĶ֣ע֤
ʱһδۣȻǲǵġ
ңҶܸߣһЩ׼۶˺
óȻֵĻ׼ķŭʱ¾Ҫȫ濪սˣⲢҪġ
ȻǿҲԲӲƴĻֻܾˣ
ңڰʱпܵ廹壬ʱĲˡ
ںֻܼ
ڵǴĹϵݺ
ңΪҶһ֤ǵڰѹڰĹؼԣҲɱ
ɸִã
գ̣ϣ׼ʶԴ±̬
ΪҶɱǾɳһǿߣɱ
ΪɱǾֻǿϵù
棬Ҷ̫ɱλӣΪ˹Ϣ
ûһҪһɫǻΪǺ۸أ
һЩսɵǿ߾ۼڳ۵й⣬飬ɱҶΪλӱ
ɱãҶĴˣˣպ֤ܿɵۣΪѹڰҵĹؼ
ʱɱԾĹڰһ٣ǽ֮
һЩԶǿֹӺȻˣαŭҲ޲ȫҶ˵ֵڰѹڰ
ãֻ˵һ仰Ҷɱ
壬Ļʥּû˸ɺͲ
ȻЩˣĸӹ壬ó̫ˣҪԼ֡
Ȼûж۵´ˣϽɳǿ߾ɱҶΥߣɱۣ
һ£ʱͣˡ
۲ܹܵסǶҶķߺޣܶҶϣ

Ϣڲܶ˶һ
ϾҶŴ󹦼ܶ˲Ըħϸ
ҶĹѣǻȸԾ
þһҪȸʹ죡˿Цѣţһ˸ɵʮ̳ƣ
йѶ첻飡ˬҰ˺ܿ촫ϢһڣΪҶף
۾ӵصĹ㳡ϣܣҰζڻľĿ죬ɢŨ
ʯҰˡ˾ơһȺΧԣڳ⣬Ⱦƣʹ졣
֮ǰֱǲġ
Ҷħϸǿչ·粽Уʱпɱ֮
ǼҶħϸΪǶҶ̫˽ˡ
һѺˬ󷽵ôħϸ
Ȼ΢ᣬûжǡ
һӣǹĺܱ
ֱڣǲųһлȻʡ
ΪҶֵܣˣʯҰеĴ룬һ
Ҳ׷׾ٱΪҶеԺ
ҶǵѣǵֵܣΪֵܶԺ
Ҷп֤ɵۣǾǴ۵ѡ
ȻˣҲһЩвҶСʱ㴦Щʥغš
Ҷĳɳٶ֮죬Ǹе־塣
ĻҶؿ֤ɵۣʱŹԼ
򱱲һ۵ƫԶɽ֮УƬĽ಻
һСԺУ죬ı;
૵˵û뵽֪УѾ߳ôԶҽٲҰС
ûйҵ
۱ܲ棬Ǹ˵ˮǿĵˮ
ʯҰ֯ľۻᣬûȥͱ˷Լĸо
̸ʥŮ̴Ŵ⣬˼Ѳ֪ɵȥˡ
̸ʥ΢΢һ̾ĬĬȥˡ
ɽ
˻裬ҶǴСС߳ȥģǸеԺ
Ψкɽĺ̶Ȼûжͯ糿ڱչУ֪Щ¡
ԺУϲЦһ¶ĵЦݡ
Ҷ̵ģȻûнҶʲôҶϾԺĵӡ
ûйǼϲϲ
ǰ۱ڶԸһֻռԵĺģ档
ڵ֪Ҷ֮ǼϼһһΪҶݻ顣
ԺҲˣ׼ۣһһû
ϻõ㣬һԺǰӦеϣϲ̱ϣһɢӡ
׵ľߡ
ȻˣҲΪߵ߶һƺ«Զ֬黨ġ
Ժ˵Ƚϲ˺ܶ𼦸ˣϲӵۣȴû취
ҲȾƵģ£ϲһۣ㬵˵
æţûæߺ˵
ϲ̧ͷ죬ҭ
Ǿˡüͷ˵
գ˵ֽۣǿչ·ΪҶݻ⵽˵Ⱥ
ޣʱɱһ˵飬ǵ
ǶԽʥǺ˽⡣
֪εļжôֲΪ֣ǺпܲĶҶ
Ϊ˱ⷢ⣬Ǿǰʮ˳ǣΪҶṩȫϣ


1940 ۼ
ǿУԴǲ࣬ܶ඼һЩǰ˿ٳŵء
ŵһʼǳʢȱٱԴĶԪվĶɺԡ
ҲһЩŵصʿѰһǨҪԭ
ŵãշǾþ֮ء
һԪϡ޷֧ؽ
һЩԴǾûĹǡ
ΪԴӵˣԪǻһ㲻Ԫݽ֮ݡ
ʥǾһԴǡ
ڽʥǣۼһӴļ壬ӵۺĵ̣һ
ʥǣۼң˭η
Ȼ˿̵ĵۼȴһƬž
ˣ
ԵϢǿչ·ڵͷȣһӽۼҴˡ
漴ۼҼŭڷ籡ȼһ㡣
̫
ۼҼŭ׼еľӢǰǿչ·ʮ˳ǣΪαҪһ˵
ٳ֮ǰһеһС
⴦ǵۼչ֮أڵϵҲϽ̤һ
ش¼Ҳڣ
⣬߱Ŀڴ
ԪѾϵĲˣƶѻ۶סˣѩ׵üëߣͷѹͺͺһ˿ûˡ
ȻǵʵȴСǵۼҼҲǡ
˶ǵۼҵһǿߣ۱ۼҼˣԪʵţǷŭԺɨһ
ۼҼλʾ˵Ҫ飬Ҫ档
Ƥûֻ̧صһͷ
л
ۼҼλ񣬶֮С
һƬС磬󷨸£˷ԪԵ
Ȫȶɺ׷裬¹֥һ;
ڽ룬һϵʯ̨µİ߲
ʯ̨֮ϣһλ߱ĿɢǿϢʢѪڣһͷݷľ
棡
ۼҼϵĹʯ̨ǰͶء
˿ңش飬˵ɣ
̨˲δڣǵۼҼԺȴ
֪ڱչصĽҪʱ̣ܹѾΪס
ġ
ۼҼαɱһͼӴ׵Ľһ飬˿Ű裬ˣֻ˵Ҷ׺ݲбսթ׷Χʩչ͵ϮŽλɱ
棬ǵµΨһãܾˡۼҼߵ˵
ʲôˣ
ʯ̨ϣۼŭ
ǵۼҵϣǿչ·Ⱥۣ˸޵зɵġ
û뵽Ź˼ʹجģܲ𾪡ŭ
֪ˣ
ۼϾ˼ǸܿƽԼ
˿ڳصĽҪͷ˿ݲðţпܹһ
Ȼ˿ȴ˼ȡ
Ҳ˵͵۱̥һ겻ҩġ
ʱҲˣͻƵĻ༸ʮͻ
׼۷壬ܸģ
ǽҶеĲҩĻٿٻһǶĪջ
һԪϹ˵ҩջ
ԣǰأԳ֣а
պҽأȥҶһʲôˡۼ˵
棬ͻ׼ˣۼҼϲʵ
ͻ׼죬Ǿ͸ˣǿ£۲˭棿
ûУҲˣȥɣպұسأۼ
ǣˡ
ۼҼת˳Ǹֳһ˿ݵЦݡ
Գ֣صֵ
Ҷˣ

ǿչ·һƽ
ܶطѾûˣڶʿڸʮ˳ǡ
ǿ£ʮ˳Ǿԡǻԣʥׯϡ
Ľǿյļ֤
˿̣ŴţӸظʿ׷ӿųǡ

ڴʱһӴĺǿգֱӴͷ̤ųȥ
ŭĿӣȴû˸ҿڳ
Ϊͷ̤ʮʥǿߣԺɨһƬ
ԹżҴΪ׵ʮʥһǶƬǿնΪ֮ĺݽɫ
Щͨߣ߾ʥǿУǿ̤϶ѡ
ʮʥ˻ģ˿ûн˷ֱӽ˹ųǡ
֮ǰżҴѾͨͼܹͨѯʸöҶȡʲô̬ȡ
żȷĸϧһдۣʮ˳ǣ취Ҷ׽Եǣй似ȫ
ֻҪܹɹͨһУﵽڻͨӶһ׼۾죬λ
ʱżҽӵ۱Ժ棬塢壬ĪҲӡ
ʱʲô˲۵ļƽҶأ
ܿܣ
ʷɳɹдģ˼Ҳֻܱ졣
ż滹˵˽⽵ʥǵۼԸ
ԵۼƢڵ֪һ֮󣬱ȻԸʮ˳ǣǿƳ֣һΪα𣬶ǽҶлԵ
ԣǱҪڵۼ浽֮ǰһõҶеĶٿ䡣
ڵõָʾ֮󣬹żҴѸԺƶһϸĲԣ󰴼ƻ£ȽҶ
ʥǿ߸ʮ˳ǵͬʱҶȴǳƽա
Դӳ֮ûκ˴˶ڵȴʷԵһ̡
СԺڷƽȪˮˡ
ҶСԺоĸشѵõʱ⡣
ɱ¾ҲЩƣˣ˿Ȼɣȴֵ
񵭵еʱľȴһǺˡ
ء
Ǵӷг˸żĹâס쳤
ž
ҶһԴϣЦ˰㣬Һʲô
ǡ
ǼĻ˵ȫˣй˺óʱ䣬Χ˶ˣֹͣ
ʲô°ֳҶЦʵ
ҶСӣ벻ǵ˷ܵ˵޸Ǹ꣬ص˵ĵˡ
䣡
ҶԴ˲һƬհף޴ϲЩʹȥ
˶꣬˶꣬˻ؼҵϣܲϲ
˿̣޲̣
뿪̫ˣ
Ҳ֪޷ͻƵ߾ǲܽġ
Ҷӣû°ɣ
Ҷɱǡ
ħΧҶеѯʡ
û£ֻ̫ˣ
ҶЦ⳩졣
ЦϣͻȻֻһĲףαˣǱ͵֮УǿɾͿ޶Ҳŵضˡ
ǣο𣿡Ҷѯʡ
ʲô˼ɱȨ㬵˵һףһʧ
У
ƽͿȸԼͬȳָ
һôʱ䣬Ͷ԰ǵĲ̵˽⡣
һĻ˲ɵôЦ
Ҷ㣬һһŮ
Цֵʱһʿ߽Ҷ


1941 ʮʥ
һ˲䣡
СԺо
˶ɫŹֵĿҶ

ҶЦʲôôҸʲô
ʵǲǶĳŮʼˣڱ˼ˡħЦ˵
ĶĶȥ
Ҷۣʿʵʲôˣ
Ӧ壬Ůʣ·Ůһ㣬еҲӢʿ˵
壿ҵģ
ħ㵸ŵ˵ҶҶɫħʲôʱ򹴴ŮģΪֵԺҸֵܼаɢ¡
²
Ҷˣħһƽʱȥģû뵽ôзḻ־񡢰
ӦŮͮͮͽ˵ˣ
Ҷ˼⣬ʿǽɣǶҵġѣ
˵ֵʱҶԥһ¡
Ϊʵ̸ʲô飬˵ˡ
ȻǸͮͮһģȻҲܰһ˶⡣
ңԺǺڰָء
Ϊ˴壬ҶҲֻܽеһ˿
ܿ죬ŮһһŮͮͮǰ
ȣݣһˮ˿磬ȹɢʥĹԣ粻ʳ˼̻ӡ
Ҷϲ㣬ٴ漣
Ůͮͮͳͳӣ㣬󷽵ߵҶǰ΢Ц˵
ЦСԺԵ˲٣ܶ߷裬ȻǱġ
һЦ˳ǣЦ˹˳ϲҲ
ֿ̩ʼקˣȻȴûЦ
Ϊ˶ͬĻŮ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼͮͮˣͬĽȴһԣʽ
־޴иܡ
Ͼ˭Ҳϲֱӵĸо
ٴμҶгʧ;ɥ
ʱҶûΪߣڣҶȴԶԶؽ
ҶļгĽʺޣȴ޿κΡ
ҶĽ֮ͮͮܿ˴һƬûһӣӮ˵ĺøС
ˣҶмҪ˵һ£
Ƭ֮ͮͮ·뵽ʲôҶ˵·ϣԹżҴΪ׵ʮʥǿʱʮ˳ǵ黹ûдԿóǶ㻳źĳɼȻܹ֤ԼףҪСһ㡣
Ҷüëһĵʲôѵʮ˳Ƕҳֲɣ
ƥ
̩秵˵ͮͮ˵ĶԣСʻ괬֮źĹڣټεõı̫࣬ѱǲػġ
ǰҶӣɲҪģżǰʲô¶ܸɵóºҲ˵
ߣ
ҶһȻ˵֤ףǻҰػĵĻұ·
ʱ˶ɫһ䣬ǸӦʮǿϢ˹ųǣֱȥ
ųУֵ𶯡
ʮʥǿһҡ
˳ǳڣӭӣ
żҴ羪ף൱ǿƣţģϾλʥǿߣһǿκεطݺӡ
ܿ죬ʮǰ
֪ʮλʧԶӭ񣬲
ʵʮκһ˲Ҳƽƽġ
ҶСںδó֤֤סżҴȻ˵
λ԰ꡣŲæ˵Ѿ˹ͨպó֤֤ף˹֤ͬ
ôϻȻѾˣǾûҪٵȣھó֤ò֤ݣǽѺȥáżҴǿ˵
⡭
ЩΪѣĿ˵֮ǰѾ֤ʱ䣬кܶڸóȻǰ²̫ðɣ
ѵǻԩɣһʥǿȻ˵̬ȷǳԵ
Ҳ˼
оЩԾȴ˵ﲻԡ
ʵǺǿԺκһʥǿ߿⣬ʮԼ޼ǿߣҲЩġ
ʱһ쳹ųǣ羪һ˶ը졣
ҶСٵ֤ףʱΥǹ۴
żʥѾ죬̾ϢһʲôҲû˵
ҶӵСԺУȻҲ
΢΢üҶ˼⣬ùżҵ϶пͮͮ˵˵аػģҪ
Ҷû˵̲ˣֱӿǻôӻƽѧȫ泬˹żҵĴϡ
ëʲôƾʲôҶѵȱĸߣ
ۣ
ųкܶںˮһڲˮȥԶǺ
̫Ϭˣ
˵˵࣬¹żҴϷð̲ɡ
˵ۻڼһˡ
ƽֱӶ𣬺Ͱǵضãǣ˼ȻѾԼպ֤ףȻֵ˵ģӲУװʲôأ
Σ
ҿΣ
ų˶ɵˡ
λү˭ѽ̫뺷ˣ
ǿʥǿ߰
Ҳֹһ𣬶ʮʥǿߣȻ

ħŶӿЦѣº˶ݸ

Ůͮͮ̿Цû֦չ
ܸܲʵ㡣ҶˣСʵ̫ܸˡ
һʱ䣬ųǷ·һ㣬ܶ˶ۼҪλү˵Ϭ
żҴɫ࣬ӿ޵ɱ⡣
ûȴһ٣
ܿ죬ΧۼһȺˣԸصʿɵ˶ˡ

Ƭ֮ҶԾûҵʥǿЦ˵
ҿйߣȥס
żҴЦһֱҶסƬȥ
֮ǰǷʱҶڵλá
һƬӹҶסƬƫƧĽȥ
Ҳȥ
üͷ΢壬Ҳǿ߽ҶסСԺȥ
ͬʱ򱣻ҶЩʿǴȳ
ΪʮλʥǿǰЩʿǵսġ
Ҳ׷׸ں棬ϣ֤һʷԵʱ̡
ˡ
Ϣ̫ǿˣסˣǶһ̣Ҷĵ˱Ѿˡ
̫
ºߵ˵ΪżҴʵȻӳԼִˣ
У
ʲô
˾͸ɣ˭˭
ҶСնɱʥǿҲһˣǼҲʲô
Ǻͻƽȸһһһǿƣûнʮλʥǿ߷
ͮͮüô򵥣ʮУѴﵽ߾۷壬ǾʥǿߣʣҲ߾ڣ֣ǳֲ
һ£һʱˣ˿ȸֿܱı飬ǺͻƽЩзë
ʥǿߣʲô
磬Ҳܺɨһ򣬺޶˰ɣ
ҶĬȻȴᶨĹâ̰˻֮ţ


1942 ϴˢԩ
ų𶯣
һɸ
ҶӵƬ緢˵
󣬷ʮ
ոոϵżҴϱЦһֱӷԸ˲½󣬷ռ䣬ֹҶߡ
䣡
λʥǿпһƬƣռ䣬ʮֻӬҲɳȥ
ľүģ
ƿڴЦĽҲڱǰ԰ڣ練ơ
¡¡
ʱ䣬ҶסƬȫ֡
Ҷģѷɣ
żҴЦ˵
עҪѪɺӣ
ҶĮ˵ǹҪȾѪˣ
ȫԿ϶żҴϵĻϲ⣬¼չʾ֤ݣԷԾɲŹ
ȻˣǾôս׼ɣ
ҶСٳɱۣ
ѳɣռȫһƬĿռ䣬żҴ޼ɵĴȡ
֣˱ǷЩ̫ˣüΪżҴ̫ǿƣĴƫ
ԣ
Ļû˵꣬㱻żҴϴϣĵûͳ֤ˣαع
ûҶСֱȻ飬ҳֻ֤ʱѡ
ٵȥ壬ҽֱӽץܼ꣬ʥޱ飬ɭɭ顣
һڽԻȻ
۷׷ףڲ²Ҷйԭ
ʿжģΪҶħϸˣ
ңҩ飬׷һħļϸϢҩӰҲǺܴġ
ȻҲмΪҶĿйôֱó֤
Ҷľħϸʲô֤ģֱӽɱǶõĽʥ˵
ǾԸҶϴɣýɱԩҪĽ
ߵڰףҶˮѵ𣿡ʿȥԷ̵
֪ƣ
ڵĽʥʿ˵ش
˭֪ΪҶֺαˣ
֤ܶҶնɱξ߷׷֮Աǣýʥɫһһס
۷׷׵ʱҶŰǺͻƽȸˣԼ˳˵С
ǲԼպ֤ʲô˼
ҶȫӹżҴϵˣҲһֱۣʡ

Ľ͵û֮ǰԼȷӦպó֤ݣ֤ף˲Ըٵˣϣھó֤ҲΡ
ðɣ
ҶͷԸóΪѣϾ㹫û̫˽ģ˵㻵
Ҷǰ֮УӹżҴϵˣΧɨһۣȻҶˣ֤ףǱڽ֤׺ˣ
͵ó֤أżҴƵ˵ƽϲŭ
ˢ
âһһҶķɳ֮У˸һĻ棬ɱĺʱ֤
ҶִһǾĺıԼݺɱᾫӢһм¼
䣡
Ⱥжʱը˹
ܶ˲ûħϸ˿ɽ֤ǰǲ֪ԭħա
ɱ徫ӢֻţңɱԴﵽ߽Ŀġ
һ˴Ŀģı˲
ҿҶȫɱ롣
֤ȫݻţ
żҴĮ˵ûиõ֤ݣȻ޷ϴɡ
Ϲ𣿻ǵҶϹŭ
Ҵδ˺޳֮ˣƽ
֤ݣȻУ
Ҷйâһһȥ۵ޣɫ͹ӣµĺۼ
ħպյ֮ޣɷӡ꣬κһӡϣԱֻܾʹࡣ
ʲô
óʲô
ԹżҴΪ׵ʮʥǿ߷׷׺ʡ
ǲ֪⿴ͨͨ۵ޣħ֮ޡ
Ҳɻ󣬲֪ҶΪó⿴ͨޡ
Ψо֮ѹЩʿף޾Ѱħϸ궼ӡ棬һƬ
˹Ϊ֮ޣӡǿչ·ħ徫Ӣ꣬ţɵѻ֤
Ҷ٩٩̸ȴΪԹżҴΪ׵ʮʥǿ߽ͣڶΧ߽⡣
ʲô⾹Ȼħױ֮ޣԶһ׷ԲԵ߾
ħ֮ޣѰ˻֪֪ͷ󰡣һɫص˵
һЩڰҵһǿɫأ֪֮޵Ŀֲ
ˣ
âһҶ֮߶ħޣһöȻ˸ħ徫ӢƵӹϷɳ

ƵҽУͬ˿̹ǵԹ
ҶƲ
ƵצҶȥ
꣡
ҶüķɳһѤĹâͬ콣һ㣬ֱӽƵնޡ
ȻղһĻȴӡ˵Ժ
ţһһħ徫Ӣɳ޲Ҷſ̹ǵĳޡ
֮Ϸӡôãǵû˼ˣеֻǶҶĿ̹ǳޡ
ԣһҶĹ
˵ֻҪҶһµǺη
˵õĽѣ֮ˡ
ȻԴ˿̵ҶǸû˿ᣬոٴαӡڹ֮ϡ
ҶԹżҴΪ׵ʮʥǿߵߵڰףصĻЩ껹á
֤ϣ˷ˡ
ЩɢĿֲϢü١
ңǶҶֳĿ̹ǳҲȻ
๼
Ǿʿ˿ĵ뷨
ħ֮ĲҪѹ
Ҷǵıǿչ·գ֪ж޹徫ӢС
һǱǿչ·ħһǿߵϮ
ͮͮվ̬򷽣еǣҶʱϵǱɡˣҲʧ߰ˡ
£
˶ˡ
ǿչ·ϾȻħһǿǱһǿǵʧְ
ͮͮ˵֮ǵǸʶħ徫ӢαװƻǶɱ徫Ӣļƻ
֪ϢУֻҪһķΧ֮ڣɲصϢ
̫ɶˣ
Ƿ׷ۣŭѡ
ػߣƽ
ÿһκڰңǳǰش塣
Ƕűܵ𾴺Σͮͮ˵ʥ࣬˶Ļɡ
żҴЦȻ˵Լħ壬ΪһħƺΪˣ
ֵνͣ
ʥͣҶʡ


1943 ʼʥ
ԹżҴΪ׵ʮλʥǿɫڵҶ
˵
ҶԼ֪Ϊܹ֮ײħ磬αװħ˵һ顣
мصһǳҪıĵ۱Ե۱ߵ顣
ǻǿ˵ĻҲ䵽ħ硣
ħ磬жʴ˱Ϊˣ׷档
ңȻҲħϸǿչ·֮ȴδκɱ¾
ݱ¶֪Ҷ֮󣬲ԸΪѣѳԱꡣ
һУжмء
ˣ
żҴȵҶģҪϷˣΪҿɱħ徫Ӣ޷ǾüҪħϸһϷѡ
Ϊƾ׾ӵݼܹùϷ˫۾
żҴ˵ʵѿ޷Ǿ䱣ɱΣʵǱɱľӢʵ㣬Ĺ⼿ǲɹġ
ƨ
ҶŭˣֱӱֿڣŭżҴϵˡ
ϳʶݣЩɥǹؼʱ硣
뵽ϣҶŭɶ˿ŭĳΪ˾ң⵽׼۵Χʧ磬ȴ˵ߵڰף浱˿۲ɣ
˵Щûá
żҴϴҶĻҪ֤׺ܼ򵥣֪꣬˵Ƿʵ
ޣ
ŭ㻹ҪҪʵڣѵ㵱˶Ϲ𣿡
ҴȥżҴϷζըˡ
죡
ŭ׷ߵģ˵ߴȥ𣿡
żҴϵ˶ʱƿԣֻʣ·ŭɱ
ҲҶ߲
Ǽ˵ëΪ֪ôģ޷ͨżҵҶСӵ꣬ȡеĹ似ȵȣҪıļ͵۱
飡
ǻδ˵꣬㱻ɫĹżҴһķɳȥ
ǵڵĵ뷨߳ŭ
ҶСԹԵ꣬һҷɱۡ
䣬żҴǰ˫аâֱҶüĴȥҪǿҶʶ
޳
ҶŭˣֱӶȫ
ˣ
üѿһۣһɫӡмſֲѹ١
ʱ䣬ֲѹȫǣӡһڹ⣬ֱӽżҴϵײɢˡ
漴ӡݺݵײڹżҴϵĶͷЩĶͷֱӹᴩ
飡
żҴ类ݺһŵƤ򣬱ӡײɳȥͷϹһȭͷİ
С㡭
żҴϾû뵽Ҷ֮Ȼǿ˿ѷ
˸𾪣ǿǾʥǿߣȻ䲻ıҶһлˡ
˿ҶʵԿʥǿ߿ˡ
ֻ۷尡
Ǿ
ʥ֮ʵжǿ
ǲ
һԿ϶ʥ֮ҶܹʱڵĴۿ⡣
ۣ𾪵ԡ
˿̣˿ҶĿⶼǳӣЩ־ڵ·ǿߡ
Ҷһɽס˵ĽŲǿϣ
ҩ׷棬Ƕһֵõ˵۱̥ƼӼһ۱
ҩ͵۱Ǵ۵ר
ҶȴʱѾõˡ
˵ʲô
˵пܵ۷壬֤ɵۣ棬ѹʮء
㱼䣬Ǽ˴۵Ĺâš
ղţѾó㹻֤֤ҵס
ҶҲżҴϵһۣˣż޳ȴߵڰףڰػģңõҵĹ似ͱĿ
һɺԣ
żҴŭģȵҶСҪѪˣ޹Ļ̹Ϊβѻꣿ
λһ֣ѹⲣ
żҴЩëҵҶλʥǿߣ֣ͬѹҶ
ֻҪܹҶѹʱ򻹲⣬˾ôҲԲ˵ʲô
ʮλʥǿ֣ɻٵųǣ˭
ס֣
ʵڿȥˣͦü֣ǲ̫ˣ
ұ졣
żҴϷǳǿƣȻ»ֲָֻţҺżңܸ磬Ϊʱģġ
˵һӣһ֣
λʥǿ߹ͬǰɢֲѹúܶ鲻Խȥ
̫ˣ
ѹˡ
ףҪѹ̫ˡ
żǲǺҶʲôڰ
۷׷ף׷׳żҴ̫ˣڰػġ
ǲɵӣҶǲħϸˣżҴϷԡ
ȻǵûãԹżҴΪ׵ʮλʥǿ߸š
ֻмϲȻҲżҴҶҪıĻԵ
Щ˶ǺҶйڵģͲ˲źãȻ˵ʲô
ʥЦһ²ؼ߸߹ӣʵֿ˻
ʮλʥȻǿǺ׼ȴ˲ֹһΡ
ıҶĻԵҲȻȫۼҵ棬ӹɵģֵÿ֡
ɡСʡԲɫƽϲޱûվΪҶ֤Ҳû˵ʲô
ǿҶãǺѳͷȴΥĵʱҶˮ
ǿǹƽһսĽҶܣ֤Լǿġ
䣡
ԹżҴΪ׵ʮλʥǿ߽ŲףҶΧм䣬Ȼԡ
̫ˣ
ºŭҶħϸѾó㹻֤ݣȴţҪ֣Ϊǿһô
ҶΪħ壬Լȴźħ飬ɱԼˣ浱ǶϹ𣿡
Ҳ׷ŭ⣬ͦҶ׼ͬӭС
Ȼ֪ԼʮλʥǿߵĶ֣ȴҲ˵ߵڰס
ģҶħϸ̫ˣ
ͮͮҲվŭԹżҴΪ׵ʮλʥǿߺڰײ棬Ƿǲ֡
СƦӻƽͿȸ˸ԾԾԣ׼Ҷս
Ǹݣ׼ɱ󣬽ʮ˷סֱɱɱ֮
һʱ䣬ųзͻ䣬˽ŵա
սʱпܱ
˵ǰ˰ػģҪҡ
Ҷǰº˵£ܵ
ǲˣ
Ҷӣһս
λξ壬ֵܹܲսգ
ûһ˺󣬷ǰǰδеǿս⡣
Ǻǡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦն˵£ɱǣһӣ
䣬һ˾ƵĺɫǹС
ǹ
ɱųǷ·𶼽϶


1944 ǹʥ
ǹһɱ⾪죡
У
˶һ侪֮ɫ
ǵ۱̥
Ȼֻ̥е۱֣ע˲
ʵϣ˻ǹڸոճεʱ򣬱޾飬ɱޣ
ˣ
ҶЦݱ䣬˵лǣӡ˴˵أ
ȻĻ졢ˣǱֲˣմɱ䣡
Ҷһף˶ը졣
꣡
ǹâһɽʧɫһ׵Ҷɱֱʮųǵƶס
ۣ
Ѫ֣һ߾ڵʥǿֱ߱Ӵ̴ţڰգ

ʥҽУо˳Żǹʧŵˡ
ǹʥ䣡
Ҷһɱ񣬵ǹбָ죬Ѫ˳ǹָؽڴᣬ
ʲô
˶ɴ۾ǰһС
̫˳Ծˡ
ͷ˿̵ҶһּΣյĸоĵˣ
ǷĵĿ־塣
ˡ
ܶںˣ±꼰㡣
ֳֵ۱Ҷ̫ǿˣ
ֻǵ۱̥Ҳʥܿġ
Ǿɱ⣬ųһ˲϶ɱǵתоˡ
ˣ
龰ɳ̾һĬĬԶˡ
ʵǲʰ
СҲҧ˸żʺͲʣȴһѡ˺ˡ
Բ˫ȭգȻɿǿĶ־˲߽⡣
ɫ԰ף鲻ԽһˣԶսԵ
ߣӣɫҰףһΪԼѡˡ
Ȼˣ˻ǲҶܹطɹ
ϾʮʥǿߣҶǿҲϮձȻɱ
飡
Ҷɱֱ𶯻ǹʥǿ߱飬ѪĽ

ʥǿֻʣһͷ­ҪԶݣȴҶһǹüģ곹ױڷ
̫ǿˣ

̫ˡ
һ̣˶סˣû뵽ת֮죬ֱ˲š
ԭΪҶ˷رǿѹеĻԵ컯
û뵽˲תҶһǹǿƥ˲ɱһʥǿߡ
ǹ
һƵųǵ˶ëȻڵϣԿ⡣
ǹһʧɫܼʥʥֱӱ飬ܲס۱ѹ
ۣ
ɫұ䣬ѪֱӺɳȥ
ǵ۱̥ôȻ
żҴ˿壬̽գֱҶѹ£ǿƶԵ
˴˿̣Ѿûʲôˣֱӳ֣ͽֶ۱
ۣ
Ҷǹɨ·ҪζֱӽżҴϵĴֱΪѪࡣ
ǹһâ羪գӷɶɣֱʥȥ

ʥתߣԵ۱ʧȥ˶־׵
ߣǹ𲻴Ӧ
Ҷһۣɫƽĵƽɱ⣬ȴƽĴ֮
Ҳû׼
۱ǿҲֲҲѳʱ߶ᱻġ
ϵһС
ԣڹżҴϵ˵֮ǰΪԷһѾͽųǣп޾硣
ѰеĽơ
ųвȴбѨǻάųǵת
ҶԽ֮ųеıԴ֮Լ֮á
ԣΣľΪųǵıԴ֮ΪܣԳս
ھɱһ̣Ľųе޾缤ˣʵԶѾڲ֮ء
Ϊһǿߣ˽Ըǿչ·ãΪһ֮˽к徫Ӣ޿⡣
ҶֳֵѪǹϣȣ쳹ųǡ
ҶСҪѪˣ㣬ҴαװΪǿչ·żҴȣչɷֱҶһ̤ȥ
ʥǿҲ֪鲻ˣҪҶѹ
ԣҲԼԼʥҶɱ
ˢ
Ҷ羵ˮһ㣬׷ǲʩչ£ӹķ϶һȥ硣
飡
һʥը̻貵ĹâҶһȭ顣
أȭ׼۱οЩʥˣǲһ
̫ǿˣ
𾪣Ҷӵе۱̥ҲǿףǿʥȻͽһȭ顣
Ȼôǿ󣿡
ԣԭΪҶ˷ڽӣѾ׼ϱǿΪҶֹ
û뵽ҶȻǿƣʮλʥǿߵΧ£Ծɱһ㣬ÿһγöָۡ
䣡
ƬĽΪ촷ۣڴսನ£ʲôҲûʣ¡
ų𶯣һ縡ֳŹųǲݻ٣ǿȵĴս֮£ųǱػ١
ǿչ·һڵ㣬Բݻٵ彫ǻԵĴ
ųǻ̤ǿչ·ľߣЩ˶ǾӢδϣ
Ǵ˳ǻٵĲԵģ֪ж˻ڷ
ųлһЩûκΪͨˣųһ٣Ǳɡ
ЩûΪͨ˶µĺᣬʱۣ¸Щ˲ʺ㽥ͨˡ
˵ųǾȫ硣
ܶͨҶеĵ۱壬̲סȥ
Ҷֻһʱǿƣúرѹ
ʥ˽߬ȭаǼţҶ޿ܳʱ߶۱̥
Ϊ߶۱ֲ̫ˣѰʿ޷߶ᱻ
ҶκҲԲʼմ߶۱
һʧȥ˵۱壬żҴױɽѹ
Ͼ˫һ󾳽磬ҶôҲ̡ܷ
ˣ
Զ˫貣ҡͷ̾Ϣ
۱壬ɱ¾Ҷܳ䲻Ķõ۱̥նɱһʥǿ߲á
ڣȴһʼ㽫۱̥˳ֱӽԼĵˡ
Ȼһʱ۱̥ʿ˵ѪҶжʼմ߶۱̥ս
ͮͮţĿתĿűΧм䣬羪κеһҶ۰Ҷʱ󾪺
֪֮ǰҶѾ׼Ψݽߡ
º˶Ϊģʱ׼֡
ҲкʥһսʵϾҲѾʥھϣЩһʥ
ңǱǵӣѪ֮ǿԽսѹ
Ǵ㣬Ҷһ¶󣬱̳֣Ҷһ֮ҲҪƽߡ
ǵӣżҴϼǿװԵҲԲҶǲںսżôǿҲܲŭ
꣡
ǹһֱӱܼʥӣµɱ壬Ͼ

ܼʥִУðٶܣͬİ²ŽҼһ
꣡
һʥǹУֱӱ飬һм
⻹ô
Ҷֳֵ۱̥޵ˣ˭棬Ͳģóһĵ۱
ô죿
żҴϵ˽ǲ
ԭΪֵ׽ѹϵݱ䵽һ


1945 ǹָң
ǹȾѪ
ҶֳֵѪǹ˻ġ
ԴԴıԴ֮ģʼձ۷״̬
˶ˣû뵽ҶȻ˾ɱϡ
Ƭ̣ʮλʥǿ߱һһˡ
𺳣
ǹɱ죬һǹ̳·춼̴ܹ
ƥ
ҶԦǹһɹ⻮ʣܼʥȥ
ȻˣǾԴɱ䣬Լĵնɾ

ܼʥɫұ䣬ʱķëˡ
ΪʥڵǿһУԹ֮۵ı̥Ǻ£
ۣ֮ÿһ־һʱǣشˡ
ǵı̺ǵľ־޵еĵ˸ⲻˡ
ǹֻǵ۱̥δͣȴӡ˴۵ӡһʵױ
ƬռѾǷǣʱҲ岻ȥֻܽ߾ȫֿ
䣡
ܼʥʩչȫֿһֲ⣬ųǶˡ
Ȼڻǹǰеĵֿͽ͵ģɱ
꣡
ǹƲɵԴݿ֮ƣ⣬ܼʥ־ĿпٷŴ
飡
ܼʥ˫ըѪ
ס֣ҶǸᣡܼʥִУҪʱ䡣
˿̣ڵĳӶˣû뵽Լһõľʥ䵽Ǳľء
ȻҶǹһ˿Цݣ˿Ϊ
ܻʹס֣
ղЩ˻Ƿǣߵڰףָ¹ΪҪɱ˿ȴ˵ʲôᣬ˳䡣
ҶСң
λʥǿ߷׷ױȣǿҶɱͣ֡
ۣ
ܼʥ־ĿУǹüģѪŽֲɱ˲ݻ꣬Ͼһе
Ҷģ㲻ú
ܼʥһͷ­ըڷ
У
ǵһҶĿг˾ηͿ־塣
һηˣʲôݣҶҲһŸɱ
ˣ
һλʥǿˣ
Χ۵˱ëȻ
˻ǹ̫ˣ⻹ֻǵ۱̥ǳɳΪĵ۱ôֲ
飡
Ҷɳȥɫһ󳱺죬һѪȾ½󣬲û˿仯
λʥȫһǰ벽׼ҲҪݱܷâҶȴӲֻһѪ˾㤡
ʵϣҶҲܣѪһķڡ
߶ǹޣҿѪʢɺԣټǰ̻ĽԴԴΪͱԴ֮άסġ
߶ǹ
¡¡
ҶʢѪȣתٸԭڲ֮ء
¶亹͸ˡ
ңԼûдҶ⣬³ܼʥǿ٣Ҷɱ練ơ
ɳˣ
ԭΪҶ֧Ų˶ãû뵽ȻǿƣʮλʥǿߵΧ£ѹ̬ǿɱʥ
ңղűɱʵɲ⣬Ǿʥǿߡ
ȻҶУȴжûֵͱǿƻɱˡ
ʥǵĽԵĵ㺮
ҶǿǵԤϣʮλʥǿ־Ȼ޷ѹǿƷɱˡ
ǲ
飡
Ҷһܼ߳ʥͷʬ˲ķѡ
ˢ
ȸչ˫ᣬһֱץһȣڲԶ˺ҧʳ
ƽͰҲһ⣬ʳ
ǾʥѪ⣬˵Ǵ󲹡
һΣҲ̫뺷˰ɣǾʥѪ⣬ôһͷǺһֻȸһʳˡ
һĻʥǿ߾ͷƤ飬󷢺
ֵˣ
Ҷһ㣬ڹżҴϵ˵Ķɫѿ
ҶСɱ壬ͼڸ࣬Ҳ㡣һʥǿߴȣɫ
ҶСк徫Ӣ޿ˡ˵ö֮żҴҲڣɫһ֣Ҷɱ
ȻӦȴ޼˶ڹֻԾԾԡ
ǲϹӣ˭˭ǣȻżҴ޷֮ԴﵽԼɸ˵Ŀġ
ԻڣҶǷֱйۣҴɱ䣬ҲǱΣһжǾȡ๼
䣬Ҷ߶ǹɱƵֱȡżҴϡ
һеףҶԷŹκˣȴԲŹ
ƣ
żҴһʩչŵеĽɲǼԶݣͬʱһ߾ڵʥƳԼ֡
㡭߾ڵʥУð
ܼʥɱһĻǰɲصޡ
ȻѾˣ嫵һƣֱӽƵ˻ǹâʢĹ㣬ʹٲľأҲ˹嫵Ŀ
嫾һˡ
ֻҪܹﵽĿģȫԲֶΣпõһС
һͷԥñ˵ΪԼȡƬ̵Ĳд
һУʥĺ
Ȼ̫ˡ
䣡
һ̣òƴֱȼɽĿ񱩹ͬʱӰˣϣӹһ١
꣡
ǹâ磬Ʋɵˣƿ赲һǹš

Ѫ֣һ˻Ȼըķѡ
ͷ䣬ҪȻȴûԸͷ­۵һΪһ̯Ѫ࣬ɿա
ǻǹɱֻҪ壬ʥǿҲޣֻ䣬һƾɱٵȫ
ֲ̫ˣ
ĵ׷
ֳֵ۱̥Ҷֱ޷⣬ǹһܵС
ǹָң
һ
ʱѾ𾪱ľƺʥǿߵѾһ֡
̫ǿˣ
ŮͮͮСųOͣһĲ˼顣
ºҲɻˣսڣҶԾɱ۷״̬ôأ
ΪӣǶԵ۱̫˽ˣҶĻǹֻǵ۱̥Ҫ߶ҲǼֲģʾҶɡ
ΨаǿһЩߣһתһɻˮð
ҵƽߴһ󣬻ƽסĵͷһ˫۾
СƦĴָߣʵǸߣ
Ͻȥɣ
ǽƽߣȸߣͬߴһ󣬿ȸɫһŹ֡
𰡣
ǵļƻȸһ
ⶼΪҶС룬Ͻȥɡ
Ǵߴһ£ԼҲ뿪ˣűƱԵֲ˸ΪĽ
սУҶɫƽǹһһʥǿ߱ƽ
Ҷл˵Ҫ嶯
Ŀ־ˣһȿ޻ѿЦݣһߺһ˵ͼʱ䣬ƿ
ûʲô˵ģ
ҶĻȻΪŰǱΪ飬һѣϧ
䣬ǹâ֣Ѫ


1946 ɱΪֹ
һɱɾ䣬ˮ
һʼҶڶûǹʱ򣬻ЩӦ
ǹɱ̫أꡣ
ҶͷѪշѪϵʹԾЩɬ
ղŵĴսǹˣʹָ
Իǹʩչ߱ǹ
ղ߱ǹеǹƣһٽʥС
ǹѪ
Ҷǹһλʥ
żҴϳ׻ˣƴƽ֮ǰµĽҪȥ
һֲԤУٲӵĻп
ֳֵ۱̥Ҷսʤ
ʥҲڻ֣̿Ҫȥ
Ϊʥһ˾м˸ҶǺɱ
ȴǰٰζӿͷһϵ˳ֵ۱̥칷һɱ
ʮʥǶڣѹҶ꣬ǺεȵİԵ
˭뵽̶̰ʱʮȥģҶǿƻɱ
꣡
ƽ⣬żҴϻһ⣬һȥ
λʥҲ׷ӶݣҪ뿪˵ء
Ȼ
ˣ
żҴһͷײһƬϣֱӱײ˸ͷۻ
⡭
ô£
ʥɫұ䣬Ԥе˲
ΪõĽԵһƬǿĽ󣬷˿ռ䣬Ǹ岻ȥ
ٺ١
ǼЦڱǰƣǻ˵㡣
ɵģ
˶ˣһǵĶǣдۼɱȻֻǲ󣬵Ҳܺɨһ
˵һʦǰƣⲻǰŪ
ҶСĪ罫׶֮ء
żҴɫ粻ǳѿʶԼ˸Ĵ󣬴Ҷʵ׶༪١
ԶŮͮͮɫ࣬ŭʲôʸ˵ֻ˭ȵĹ㣿
вңҶüëһĵᱻввҵˣҶµڵڡ
ҶɫѾûʲô˵ģΨɱѡ
꣡
ǹâһǻէ֣ǹûǹâһ˾˽

ʥִУ߾ȫֿȼһɢҫ۵Ĺâʥ
Ȼڻǹǰеĵֿͽ͵ġ
飡
ʥը貵̻
ˣ
˶֪ʥɣûڵ۱̥⡣
ʱѾȫľˣҶô𾪵£Ƕ⡣
ۣ
ʥһֱ۱ǹâУ˲䱬飬ΪѪࡣ

ʥҽУĵ㺮תӣԵ۱̥ʧȥ˶־
Ȼ˴ѱˣֻӬҲɲȥ
ǵǿ̫ˣµƣǾͨƵǿ߶ʱҲƽⲻˡ
ߣ
Ҷһȣǹһɹ⣬⾪磬˲佫֮С
ŹңҴˡ
ʥð׵ѵĿġ

ô۷壬ʲôп־壬ٴ鵽ˡ
˿̣ȫҶһ֮䡣
һɱɣҶɫĮƽû˿
ҴˣŹ嫵Ļһ㡣
ʥ˵оڿʧֲ˶ˡ
Ҫǣ궼ӲȥǹС
ɲ
ҶĮɥӣĵѡ
ǹ嫣ҪıһУԲһġʥҺ
ʱʲôҲ˲ˣֱӽżҴ˳
䣡
ųǶ䶯ˣһƬȻ
ྐྵȻ
̫ˣ
ǿˣϧ
Ƿ׷ۣǿǴżҴϵ˵ıоųǶˡ
嫣Ϊʥо޺죿ҲվŭżҴϡ
һʱ䣬żҴϳʸ֮ģǧָ
һ̣Щֹ֧żҴϵ˷׷ױսͣɫΣ޲طȥ
ɫѿ˼㣬׹û뵽
ϾıϺ꣬ܿ˵޻̸֮ǱΪ塢Ϊ鸺̬ȣŻ֤꣬ʵ˵Ƿʵ¹ϵشݲ˿أһŹħϸŻָҪıҶСһУǸ޻̸֮Ϸõ崫ˣʥıĶϷеĶˣݵġ
ħϸ˭𣿡
ûξѻꣿ
в£˵һЩΥĵĻĻΪƾ
Уţ
ʥǿҲ׷׿ڣͦ嫣ߵڰףָ¹Ϊ
û·ں͹һϵƣȻ⡣
ǵĻҲȷʵЧǴС˺ܶࡣ
㻹ҪҪˣŮͮͮûŭ
ߵڰף޳֮ȣȸ˵
Ĵұ֮ģǷ
飡ƽǵг˳֮飬Žҧһ֡
˵Щ壬ȻѾɱ䣬Ͳ֡
ҶһķѣѪɻҡ
ѾǵʥˣѵҪʮʥɣ
Ƿ׷ײ²⣬𾪵Ըӡ
ƥ
ҶԦǹһƵżҴϺɨȥ
ˣ
һ𶦴ӹüķɳɢŵײǹ
ʲô
żҵĵ۱𶦣
˶ˣû뵽嫾Ȼһɱﵡ
۱һ˭棿
Ҷĵ۱̥׵۱Ŀֲ֮ʥڵ۱̥º޻֮
Ҷˣʥд󶨣Ц˵
䣡
ǹײһ緢˴ײһжع鵽ԭ㣬лϢ
ϣ
Ҷת˫â֮ͬʱƵ˫һ𣬽ʻ𶦡
𶦾Բĵ۱Ϊĵ۱Ѿӡˡ
һķƷѾ˵ǻǹĵ۱̥ĻԵס
ϡ
Ҷһˣǿǿǹʮ˻ֲɱΧ׹ߡ
ʥһۣҶչǿĹÿ˶û֡
һʱ䣬ʥ似Ҷȥ

Ҷ᳤磬ǹڶˣ˿ˣǿӲǹһδεϡ
ͬʱӡʩչʥֱݻǧɱ۵
꣡
âһֱӽһʥ飬󣬵Ʋ䣬ĵâֱӽһˡ

˲ҽУٱˣת޸
ϣ
ն˵Ĺǿ߽⡣
顭
ǹ缲꣬ƾİײһ𣬿ֲĲݻʮ
꣡
ҶǿӲ£𶦷һѺۡ


1947 
𶦱Ͼĵ۱ֻһ߷µƷסǹǾɱ
Ҷ񱩵Ӳ£ڼֲסˡ
ۣ
żҴϴ󾪣һھѪϡ
ˣ
𶦹âţֲĲ塣
˴󾪣æˡ
Ȼֻǵ۱ƷżҼ˵ļѾߵһը롣
λңɱⲣ
˫ĿԲ뷢ţһȼյĻ棬ʩչŵ۽𶦽ΪۣҪҶɱ
ˣ
𶦾һõӰ߳ɢһƿֲĵ
ۡۡۡ
һſھѪ˷·˲꣬˫ּѵĻݻ
ҲƴˣʥƵھѪ嫡
ˢ
õѪǵõӰʵ˫콣˺ա
ܵǵӰĿֲѹҶҲ˫âţǳڻ
䣡
ҶһţųǷˣһԴ֮ǿоһ
һ̣·ΪأӰѹ°Ȼ
ˢ
ҶпһƬߵĹϵõǿͼǵӰԿ
䣡
ǵӰǰƬǿն𶯣ѹʮء
ˢ
ֱ֣̽ӽǿͼĨȥǲµĽ󶼲ˡ
ŵۣ
ǾˣǵӰд۵ķˣһУֻ졣
ֻǣǵӰƺԼ˼άֻǱĽܹżҴϵĲٿء
¡¡
·Ƭѹ䣬Ĵ£ʮҶѹ¡
ˣ
Ǳ۾ٿΪҶֵܵ
ԽߣˤԽأ
һЩҶʿЦˣǳĿġ
һ¼ۣߵĴ
ż£ŭ
ż̫ˣѶڿڡ
һЩֱʿҲŭԹżҴΪ׵ļλʥԮҶ
ûлˣ
嫲һǵѪЦˣš
ҶնһӰգ
ҶϣᶨޱȣȻƥ򣬿
Բѣ
Į˵вϽӡһ⣬ûǵߴӰ֮С
𣡡
Ҷһչֳɷͨ춯أǹһǹâʢ
ͬʱʥ߶ݻɱɢ֣һǧɱУһɡ־š
䣡
ҶǿһͿǹһƥǹâ˺գɱǿѹ¡
꣡
ǵӰҶеɱƺһ˿Լʶ
䣡
ɱֻͬʱ飬
ն
Ҷ˿ĿԲɢ޵еƣǹǹâ
£
߱ǹǿɱУҶзӳ
߱ǹų춼նǹޱߣƴۻµǹ
߱ƾźųƿ۵ǿߡ
߱ǹɨǿ޵֡
͡
ǹâչҶأӲǵӰɢˣ񱩵Ű˷

嫴УѪ磬Щʹȥ
ǵӰǵµһӡ˵ļѪ࣬ѳߴ
Ȼ˿ȴҶۣܲ
ֵˣ
ҶĮ˵ǰǹֱָżҴϵˡ
嫵ɫұ䣬û뵽ɱﵶκβҶ˷׶༪١
Ϸƴˣ嫴״ʨ
ӡ٣ѾûϣֻϣܹҶͬھΪɨϰ
ƴ㻹䣡ҶȻ˵ɱ֮ǰһ·
սڣҶ˫ҲоЩˣʱ䣬Ҫ֮ƣٽս
Ҷ˰ɣһЩɱǰҶȰ
񾡣
ҶҡͷȻ˵ǰػģӺңҲܷŹǣҵһе
˵ʲô죬һ̾ϢʲôҲû˵
һжǹżҴϵҵģԹҶĺ
ңҶ˵Ҳû񾡣ԵˣӦɱϣҲ޵е·ˡ
ƥ
Ҷһ羪ף˶ը죬ǹһɹ⣬һɱȥ

˴ֿͬʱӰˣ˵ס֣Ǹᡭ
ҶɫĮᣬǹѪɢɱ
ۣ
˾־ĿУǹâٱ󣬶ֻüһǹ׶
һڰ
ʶ֮ǰһ΢ҷ𣬳׳ɿա
һɲǣĺˡ
ֻǣһж̫ˣҶΪеһ̣Ѿעı硣
ƴˣ
˾֪ҶܷŹǣԴУƴһ
һ̣Ǳ۷սʥƵѹʮ͹ҶǿĹ
𣡡
Ҷһȣ깲ֱӹǵꡣ
ͬʱеʥͻȻ𶯣Լȥ
ۣ
һ˱ԼʥֱնΪΣѪ
飡
żҴϱѾѵײɳȥؿݣһڻѪ
һ̣ȫž
˶ľˣҶչֳս𾪵ľ
䣡
ǹѹ䣬һʥѹˣѪǣķ
Ҳ˴ۣϳһѪۣ㱻ˡ
ֲסˣ˷һĻ˵
ԣѾնɱʥֱڲŸոոˣҲмֲסˣ
Ҷˣħ˵һӾսڣҶǿҲƣۡ
ǰʥǿߣҲޣһƴԾֲܱսҶǡ
Ҷסºȣ
ҶƽȫתųǵıԴΪá
ͬ
Ҷչ߱ǹֳǹâͬʱλʥɱȥֲɱƵ
ۣ
꣡
죬һʥԵüĳһѪۣȻδֲɱȴϾ
һ˽߾ȫͬʱԾѪһǿӹһ١
ӣҶʢȻʹǹ𲻴Ӧ
꣡
ǹ֣һâգۼ׷ֱӽС

˲ҽҪԱ壬һ١
ȻѾˣǹɱ꣬
Ҳʰ˷һ˻ɻңҲ鿪Ѫ
¡¡
ڴʱųƺܲסӴģ߽⡣
ҶһæֹͣӶųǵıԴĥ
˿ֻ̣ʣ¹żҴһˣûйųǱԴİҲܽС
꣡
ųǵӰ˰ǲµĽ󣬽һֲѺۡ
ˢ
ֱ˺գ̨Ҫ
Ȼ죬Ҷ죬һɽӵתʱֱӽػǰ
ҶС˴ˣûкýġɫת
Ȼ̨̤գѾͨ

Ҷһȣǹһӽͨˡ

嫲ҽУͷɢѪ߰ߣӶѪ࣬Եøҡ
ػģ๼
ҶǹâһѪ֣ǹඥ롭


1948 ׼ɱ
һսʮʥ
Ҷٴδ漣
ǹбָأһѪ䣬âɭ
ȫһƬž
ǳױˣþòƽ
ʮʥǿƶȴøҵճȫҶ޵
һ̣ЩҶСȫͣڻ̡̻
Ҷɱ˭֪᲻ᷭˣǻ
ʮʥøѣǸǶ֡
˿̣ҶɱŨŨҵɷһɱĵ㺮
շһУǶ˭˭ǣżʥıң࣬๼ҶϣտȻӰ˻ģɽ֮š
ٸΣӺңݹǹ飡
Ҷ棬磬ɨȫ쳹ʡ
ȻȻľ
֪Ҷŭˡ
ٸҲ۵ȥ³ǳҡ
٣СޣôĿ
Ҷ䣬һϵڹųϿþòɢ
ţһɿֲ׼ѹңԶս
һϵӰٸһһƬ
׼ۣ
𾪣Ȼɫ䣬׼ѹҶ
ҶСģ׼Ϯ󾪣һʱҶ
׼Ҷųû
Ҷɫ࣬Щ̫޳ˣΪıĻԵ׼۶ˣ濴
ϰףߣ
׼۶ϮﲻܴˣҶ뿪˵
ǣ׼̫ǿˣֱ˺գͨǺӵ׼ۼǿ߸棬ǱȻץ
׼ˣ
ֱӼһС̨£˷ųз·һ籩ݻ١
ǫ̃йһţͨããδ֪
ߣ
ҶֳǹһͨǺͻƽȸ
ҶأŮͮͮڲԶ֣гŨŨĲᡣ
ҶǵѾԻħͱ
Ҷ鼤վͨУ˹֣˵һ侭̨ʣλأһٻģ
תպϣ˵ߡ
ˢ
ųһϵӰɿݵ̺ſֲ콣նա
һߣʹҲͬ⣬Ҳȥˡ
䣬̽뼴պϵĿռͨҪҶл

ͻȻһƿأĳһ˿ڣѪ
ߣ
ɫ࣬һһͨȥҪͨ飬Ҷ
¡¡
𶯣ǳҡΣƬ񷶼Ҫˣ
Ǿ壬׼۵ʵôȻǲɿģʮʥֱˡ
Ȼˣλ׼ڵһγֵʱԾʧˣҶġ
䣡
ձռͨ顣
ȻǲûпҶһѪûУȻѾԽһοռͨԶˡ
һ
ʧۼЩҲסһȣָأռͨҶ
ʱ׼ϢͬʱԴһۻĴӡ
ʲôˣϷ򡣡ۼ𾪣ȵ
ѣˣ
һȣϲɮܡ׼۳Ʒ赲ǰ
ˣ
ۼüǿ˵Ϸ£ֲ˵ģңó汾°ɣ
ϣٴǿƳ֣ͼҶץ۱̥˵ش󣬾ʧ֡
䣡
ҡƬ貵̻һѤá
ɮܱ£ֺ̧Ӳһƣٴν£ӡ
Ҫҳ֡ۼɫɭɭ˵
У˭㲻ɣҶ׼ۣװβǡϵһھƣм˵
ߣǿһսҪٵųǡɮһ˦䣬һ˲ڹųϿյ޾С
սս
ۼһȣǿһҲǿսС
ͬʱϲҲϵǿսɮܳƷνΧм䡣
죬֮ͨۡһǿ߿ٹܳһ̨һž˸⻪ǿսеӳڹųϿա
һôۼɨһϲˣ˵
˼ĻǻĶ֣òһˡߺٺһЦȷ˹
䣡
ĺ«ֲĲֱۼȥһɽѹ䣬ֲĲʯˡ
ˣ
һϲķɳʮʮ죬ۼѹ¡

𶯣Ӳ絶ݻһС
λ׼ͬʱ֣Ƭǿնˣۼ˫һչ֮ᣬݺڴ«ϣĽ«ֱӱˡ
һȭͬʱһ𣬻ӲĹ
䣡
Ƭսȫâˣ޾Ϣ·𻯳һƬ硣
𾪵ԸӣֲսڹųдսĻųҲѳǵһ߽᳹⡣
սδ̫ãһյĹһӰ㱻ͷɢңڣؿȾŵѪ
ǺãĺãۼɭһǵѪգ˵
䣡
ۼȼյĻ棬Ѫһȣɢֲĵ
߳ŭ׼ȼƴҲҪϲ˻ɱӡ
ȼôҲᣡ
ϲҲȼ׷תڣ··һ㣬̬Ӣ˲꣬絶
ѣִԲΪ˸棬ôڲˣǲ⽫ѹɱɮҲȼս
û뵽ϹͷˣҪƴ
̾Ϣһһھƣƺ«һӣҲȼȼյĻ棬ɢޱߵĿֲѹ
ϿֲɱۼҲԥˣ˫ʱѡߡ
һϸов׼֣ҪƴĻ
Ϊף磬ҲҶˡ
ѾӦҶϢһˣҲûϣҶץˡ
˿ٶ֣Ӯ϶ǽˣòʧ
ðպλ׼۾ʤһ棬Ҳ˵
ʥǺɹȻ𣬵Ժڰʱ򣬻ǻͬģǴ塣
ǹݣ
ۼɫ࣬仰ֱ˺ûȥʧ
ս½λ׼۽ʮ˳ǣʱųǺ䶯ˡ
ۼߣ˷׷׺棬Ҷȥռͨ᲻Ӱ죿
ͮͮɫţҶʲô£Ͼռͨˣ֮ǰȻܵӰ죬һ͵߻ľ鷳ˡ
İɣҶ࣬µġͮͮĵģϲ˳԰ο
˵Ҳֻ֪Ҫ׼ۼǿߣҶԱ֮ǡ
ǣǵҲЩĵǡ


1949 ͨĹ·
ǿ𶯣
ʮʥ׼Ϯɱ
һϵһ쫷磬Ѹٴǿչ·֮㣬Ӱ֮𾪡
ܶϵ򶼵õϢ𾪵Ըӡ
ǿʮʥ˵׾ˡ
ҶδʥϢ֮˶ˡ
һ۷ʿһսȫʮʥս˵ֱ췽ҹ̷һĲʵ
ĴҲ˰ɣ
һսʮʥ׼ȫˣˣֱ漣
ڸǲסġ
Ը߷׷ͨ;Ϣݻȥ˾޴Ĳ
ż̫ˡ
ⲻĿŵȡ𣿡
Ƿ׷Ǵż̫Ǳȫû˿ͬ飬ֻ
ã
ǱӦ
쿪ˡ
һʱ䣬Ǵùż½ͷöܵʧ
ʥǵĵۼҲʲô񡣡
ţۼҲʸ֮ģ
źɧۼηǵûеõҩ͵۱̥ϲػ
żҺ͵ۼǿɨأܶԭǹϵļ壬۵ѹҲ׷׺ǻޡ
εķ粨ֻʿ֮䣬ͨҲ֪ˣ׷ױ塣
һΣżҺ͵ۼʧأܶҪóײòֹͣڿвˡ
żҺ͵ۼҵļȹϵϣתͷһץһѵµ
Ȼȴ޲ܶ˶ǣϾ˺Ƕһ
Ѿȫˣȥ
λͬ磬ȴͬʱ̾Ϣ
֮ǲŽƽ
ֱʱǲʶռͨ飬Ȼı䣬ҶѵԭĿˡ
գɻľǿռͨ飬ǡڱĵطɡ
ұܹ˱شʱշңҲضӰ쵽ԭ꣬ںյ˵ġ
ֻȥǷǿչ·ϣǷʡ
Ҷ֮ǰйһ뿪ǿչ·ľǲòɣοֻ뿪ǿչ·ˡ

ռͨɫʰ쵣һɫĹâƮ
ȻЩѤĹâȴһĹӰԸʥ
Ҷ˫ͽֳһâһ·ǰС
ϰף㶨ƫɣ
Ҷһնǰһæ͵еʵ
˵Ѿûˣռͨһ̣Ѿ˸ı䣬Ҳ֪ͨˡǴͷɥ˵
ãһͲôףڸˡ
һռͨĳ߻ĵĻЦɾͿˣǿһӶزˡ
ΣԹҲѾˣֻһһˡ
ռͨеʱ·ˣʱҶоʱ·ֹˣеʱּš
ڿռͨЩطҲ͸ģܹľ󣬵Ҳ̫į
Ҷ֣ͨⲻʱгƬ
Ƿ·͸棬һƬңԶĵط
Ҳ֪˶ãҶһƬѤĹâڿͨľͷ
䣡
ǹţҶŰǳţһŻĹϡ
ˣ
ҶչŹǵı棬ϣ֡
Ȼ귢˱仯ȻռͨյĳǾͱǺпཱུٹ
ûκη֣ǻûˮûпֻ಻ϵɽһ޼ʵɳĮ
ã·ˣһƬȫİ򡣡̯̯צӣε˵
ԭƽʵ
ԭƫˡ޾ɣͷԵ˵
Ȼ壡
ƽȻ귢ƫ룬Ҳ̫ףϸңܹҵһЩ˿
ѽôû뵽ءһԴ˫âʼ㡣
ڵϿ̻һƬǿͼеǳһһա
֮ڴһ˷ܵ۷Ź⣬ءţǧ
ú˵ҶһĴԴ㷢ʵʲô
˷ܵҽһͨ˵ͨǿͼƽ⣬Ӧһ·ڵˡ
ʲô·ȸʵ
ҶСӽҵƬǿ·ͼеһڵ㡣ǵ˵
ʲô
ҶˣײȻ˻ؼҵ·ϣо˼顣
ϰףʵңǲڶʱʲôֽţҶһʵ
ûκ£ɵصĹ·ϡ
ԭҵǸƵ꣬Ȼ޸ˣռͨ귢ƫƣԲ·Ľڵˡǲֻʵʵ˵
㡭ҶֱˣûгʥʱȥҲ޷ⲻǺ
ˣԹҲûˡ
ҶԲ𰡣Ҳģֻؼңļ羿ʲôڨڨ߹ԴҶϴ
һγƺҶĴǽҶСӡ
ˣҲһƬ⡣
ҶûʵϣҲ뾡ؼҡ
գڰǵָ£ٴκգǧһƬããɳĮġ
˵ȷꣿ
ǰһƬããɳҶֱˡ
ǰɣ
ȸһ˵ǽһ죬ԡ
ĸأǽӦþûʱ̫Զˣɳ˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ֱӶÿֲ̽ȥ
ڵ֮Ȼû⣬Զ֮©
˿ֻ̣ǸǷԲǧȫ̽°֮
ܿ죬ҶһɳĮ֮£һƬͷǳййɫʡ
ؼҵϣ
Ҷૣǿаסеļһӣʼɳ
ˣɣȸվ׼Ҷھҵ
Сĵ㣬ҪƻκνҶ̫һ㣬ǧ
һСĵġȸǺͻƽټҶһϵɰ
۷ǿߺһʥǿ߾ôΪڵص񹤡
ʱɰѻɽһƬ嫵Ľǰ
ƬϤİĽҶĳ嶯
뿪Ѿ̫á̫ˣ
ǵǿչ·ڵϵԪսɺԣڲʺʿ棬ǿʿ׷ͨ·뿪ˣЩṳ̂Ϲ·ģֻ
գǿչ·׻ķˡ
ҪǿҪؼң
Ҷ߬˫֣˫Ĺâûһ̣űǿ
󣬰˫ıӣҵ˴ͼ̨
̨û˿ֻǺľԵЩưܣֻҪ㹻ʹá
ڼ̨ϣҶһߺǣΪû㹻̨ġ
ؼҵ·ʽ


1950 Ĵ
ȥǿ
ؼҵ·δ֪
Ҷû϶ŹĲ
ȻѻķϣŹǱϾǵǿչ·һڵ㣬дϡ
Ľƻֺ꣬ϧѾԶȥ˷ˮгǣ˸̾
ڹų룬ҶΪһ壬⣬ϣĲ
죬һʯȫڴ֮С


һһһֻأ
໥棬Ϊ
꾣ӯ
価ϴǦ豹档
֮֮
һһһһ٣Ƕֻء
սƽһһ֮䣬ҶڸشĹ
ⲻһͣǾĳˮɡ
ˣ
ֻطһҶ̫Ϊһ壬̫Բ
һֻ̣ܵ⣬߱·ƿһȻʡ
Ȼȴ֪ԼδʥƺǳԴƣº˵һشķͿͻơ
Ȩĥˣ
ҶΣֻοԼ
գǵϼ̨Ƕ˴ʯħ̨նȥ
һ˲ƽ;ҶѾǳǿ󣬵ԾЩ
ӣ̤ϻؼҵ·Ҷ鷴þòƽ
ҶСӣļ羿ʲôģû׼ۣǻ᲻Σգ
СҶӣĽΪͼ𣿡
һ·ϣƽͰ汦һʸͣ
ǵȽ˷ܣЩⶼ˵ܶˣᡣ
ǿչ·ķǧ꣬۸Ԥδ֪ı
·ϵʱңʱ뷢裬˻ʯʱ·ͣˡʱֿĲ˼飬·بŴҴһ˲䡣
ǾѱˣûܹʱĲκν
Ҳ֪˶ôãǰǹȶ貣˹·ľͷúڰԵóʵһЩһЩɫʡ
𶯣ռŤ·߲ɫ˸һվе˳
ˣ
ǵϽٷŴ󣬽·ͬʱܿȥ
ˢ
һ촫ǿչ·ʧһŻǳһȥϡû
ʲôط̧ͷĿһƬ貶İǿա
û̫ûûǺӲӲӣ´Ƭ׵Ĺ⣬ǳдǶĺܽƺԾܵһ
ǲܱλΪڲͬǿ಻ͬͬһƬϵҲһ
𣡡
һ춯صĴţǱ㿴һǧɵľ޴ʯ˴Զɽ߳˫Ӳӣơ
£
°Ͳҽϣɴ۾ԾĵʲôĪʯͷɾˣ
ܿܲ¶ˣƽص˵ս׼
ǲʯͷɾ򱬾ˡȸںǰȥ׼ʯ˵Ľ
ɣ
Ҷס˿ȸһһǰӭȥÿһӰߴһ֣ɵʱҶѾȫ泬ʯˡ
䣡
սҶ޵Уȭһ赲Ӳʯ˴ˡ
ʯ˲дУҶ˽⵽һЩǰ·Ϣ֪кܳһ·ܵ
ʯسϰ˿ףǻԺ쾫ػڿǣϡĹϣһࡣ
գŹҵһ̨ٴκնȥ
ʱ
һ·ϣǾŹǣЩеĻޱȣеĻдһЩԪҲϡ˷ָ
ѹֵѾûǿʿˣĻ涼⣬ˡ
һſŻĹǣ̲סп
ûҶѰܹڴѰҵʯҲѼȥ
һҲģΪʮ˳ǣҶʮʥ֮ǻˮ㣬ʮʥЯʯͱҩ֮Ķȫѹ˹
԰ḛ̈ԸôܻЩ˭
ÿһŹǣǶͣһʱ䣬ش
УҶشڻ첻ˣ˿ռķʵȴûֻǶԿռ˸̵˽⡣
ռСкܴá
սУҲܽŵδ֪ռȥûǺܴġ
һºٴνһź嫵Ĺϡ
·泤
Ƿ̾ڵϿ̻̿ΧǿգǾ˺δ
ʱ˷ܵվҶСӣ쵽ĿĵˣѾеϵò˶þ͵̫ϵˡ
Ҫ𣿡
ҶĳȣܶڵϵԺ֡
ûгʥٽ򣬿Ҳѽ١
˽Խ࣬Խĸоأǳʥܽ٣ĽƣǲڣΨеĽƣڱʲô
˿㿴ҷʲô
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬿ȸԶ˼
һʯ
ڵ£¶Ĳʮ׸ߣǧɵʯȲߴ
ȻҶȴ֣ΪʯϷʯ̣ǻĹϵӶģֻһַ֣·һƱڶ
𣡡
ʯΨһһ֣Ȼֱ˵¡
Īǽǣ
ҶоԼڲڵˣܿͿԻؼˡ
ȸû˵ֱӽʯ
һʮ׸ߵʯҶǰȷ֡
ϸϣҶɴµʯֵĺ塣
ţͥ
Źǽţǣ̫ϵһ꣬ں嫵棬˵ǳˡ
ҶСӣҲз֣
ʱǵĺһֻ޴Žˣھڳһֻ˶ţǡ
ֻţа׳ɼͷţжô޴
ţǣѵһȺţڲɣ
ǰ޴ޱȵţǣҶ˳˼
գƽͿȸвסļһ￪ʼڱҵһͨ
˵ڳ١öȫǾ޴ޱȵţǺţǡţȵȡ
ʲôԭ˽ţǵĸأ
ҶŹϣϵ˼
ʲôԭййѭӦˬ
أҶϣܵŹϴϣĹ
ҶӶѹͷɥļһ·
ǵռ˲پӨţǡ
˵ܿʥţģѪúüĻܼһķ
ռͨУʱٴˣ
ǰ̫ϵˣҶѾ˼Ϥǳ
ʮˣ
ˮ飬һתۣѾ뿪ʮˣ
ʮ䣬һɱһδıԵ𽥱ǿ
ʱˮ
بŴҴһ˲䣡
ʱ䡭
顭
һ̣Ҷи
һɲǣʱУ


1951 ʮãã

ɽ
Ⱥɽ࣬Ө
ѩϣѩɽߡ
ѩһƬƬҶ֣ԾͦΣֱ
±һƬԴ䣬ﻨ㣬Ϫˮϼεɾ
ȺɽУһľɽȣļ紺ˡ
ʮǰڹ٤ҮһԺΪ˸аȡƬ˵ʱ䣬ɥµ֮֡
ӹû֮󣬻аʱ㽫Ƭľɽ֮С
֮ǰסĵطԶ£˵һЩĵ׺֪ܶĻ
˻аں޵ˮˮ֮飬ƬľɽȸӵȻ
ڣﱻһׯ԰ƬĽڰɽϣң֮ء
һҹ˻飡
⴦ׯ԰Ҳ˻аõľסء
ͬᣬҪͬѨ
⴦ׯ԰ԴҲȫ
ׯ԰ڸִʩȫǿӵ绰ׯ԰һС͵Ļܷ㡣
ʱ򣬻а൱ԣ¾徲
ϲҪ
ջǽˣׯ԰΢ԶһЩӰɽȵ
ׯ԰ڣһ޴ķ󣬾£˷Ԫ
ͣһھ޴ףɢű˵ĺ
͸ףԿ棬ɫԲ԰ף
аʺ˽ڵǧɵУеĵ
֮˴ĹżҵһϹ󷨣άʬ
֮׵İ£ׯ԰ڲӴ󷨡
Ҷ˼ֻҪһڣ;κƻ
Щܰ˾ͽˮ˾
ڳĿ£ܰѾȫܹһ棬Ϊɽų˳֮Ķ
żҲĻ٣ÿһЩʯ֮ĶҲ֪ġ
ɽԣ
һȥʯͷϣһӰգ
ɽ紵ԣ˷·Ҫ˷ȥӣˮһŨ顣
ߣһͷСţǰվš
ܰ㣬Ҷˣ
Զ˾ͽˮһϮ£칬Ůһ˸е˵
ء
Ҷ֣Ƿһͳʣ۾˸
ҶССǣʮȥˣҲˡ
ʮˣҲ֪
ܰջĿ⣬ǿһЦˮãôˣɽСˡ
û£ǵ㡣˾ͽˮ˵ÿ㶼գһվǼСʱ۰
ʮãã˼ǧ·أδʹӦʶ棬˪
ܰʣỬߣ°ۡ䡣
˼ᣬ˼ᣬᡭ
ܰ㣬ģҶ缪࣬һµġ˾ͽˮҲˣȦͨ졣
˵Щˣʮ궼ˣںٵʮꡣ
ܰǿЦգ˾ͽˮڸʯͷ
ȥչʯ֪ʲôʱܻľʯֻάʮˣܼʱĻ롣
ԶƬټׯ԰еףܰЩǵüͷ
İɣ̿Ǹ߽ս񣬲µġ˾ͽˮο

һķ
ʻĴ󶼻ᣬ˻ĸصľӢ
¥۴αȣִϢ
ɽŶֲڶһĦ¥ɻԻ͡

һ£ճˣ޹䡣
Χвڰ̿ˮϲ֪Ҫȥĸõȥкˡ
Ȼû˸ڨ
ѾǸ߽ս񾳽ȻȻɢһǿߵϢ˲а֮⡣
ңϤ˶֪Ƕ̵ĺõ壬˲ժ֡
˿ָ̣ż½һһ׼ĺӰ˽˷ɻ
Щӿۣȴǲּв㣬ɵֵǹϮ
в˿İľʯһЩĵر
ΪչЩĻˣֶΣķֵĽǮŸ㵽֣κʧ
ܿ죬һľʯĵر˷ɻĻڣˡ
һʻĴͣźܷܶɻ
ȻȴԵڲͬ͡
ɻһ˵ɫɫΨܣȴǴɫڵķ
ԼΪ顱ţȫֻһңһ޶
ݣϻţķŻʻܵХգԶȥ
ʱŻһڵ㣬ʧãã֮С
Ӷɽ˵ԶԶ˵ļԦźţƲд
Ȼ˫һɱɢ
ںǰԶһҹϵսبǰӥһվڹսϣһ˸˴ǹֱָš
ٻˣ
ǳ侲¾ʯĵرʧȥ
ȽҲûٹǼԦŹսһȥ
䣡
ɻһϣгȥԶֲĦۼ
ʲôˣ˭ָʹģ·ɻ纮˪ʵ
ûҪֻ֪Ҫ֪ϾҪˣ㹻ˡΪ׵Դߣҹһ̶
֪˭Ҷҽ٣òͷ˰ɣ
ɫ࣬ŬԼŭЩ˿еõһЩõϢ
Щ˾һܹӵйսΪйߵģ֮£һЩƷ֮⣬ֻһЩоԶĹϼ塣
ǵȻ֪˭Ҳ֪һжûãˣԶǸԣû֪
ΪƺԳݺ˵ĺ⣬˿Լɱ
֣
Ϊҹζ࣬Ϊ׵ֱһ֣ͬʱչ˹
䣡
սһ壬ɱ۾ˡ
һŮɲĺ˿̸ǽ׿֮Էӵ˼¡
ͣ
ǹâˣֳֳǹֺ飬ж
꣡
ǹâһѪ֣ͷ̴ˣĴ
ļգ
Ϊ׵ЦһǹǶ쳣꣬ר·
ҲĬǹŭԷΧƻĲˡ
޳ܣ
ŭģһѪһŵһǹȻȴǹ滮һӣѪȾ˺¡
Źǵģ
һŭȣ˵İΧȦԶȥ
ߣûôףҲ֮󱨸ƴ׷ϡ
ȻϾǸ߽ս񾳽ǿߣˣߵ£Ҫ׷Ҳס
ʱһƬɽ֣ʧټ
׷ˣ߾Ǵһ
Ϊֹ˵׷ǽϵĺһһߣѷڹսϡ
Ƭ֮󣬹սգʧС


1952 ߾
УѪġ
ɫ԰ף˺ۣڣܶطˡ
ֻڴսлٵ˿ϵ
ʱֵ߳ıԵ
ǰԶһƬׯ
˲ˣǿÿһ˼ҡ
ͨѶԼϮʯĵرٵϢ׺аʡ
꣡
ав豭˲䱻÷飬˫ɭĵâ
˭Ҵаʵͽòͷˣ
аİ𣬻ɢɱ⡣
һ̣ŭ
ҪżҸطˣʵ½ˣһ¡
ҲŭˣȴûʧȥǣȰοһ³صͨѶ²һ
һ£Ļ֡
ڶٶȣ̵ʱرٵʡ
ѼʯĵرԷһ
Ҷϵ绰ڴһܻ㲻ԽҰֱӸϸĳС
Ҫ˸أ뾡ˡ
ʮķչɽѾ鼰ģ漰ҽơҵزƻȵȣÿһжķֲ

Ķɽˮ䣬Ԫӯ
ؾƬɽˮ֮䣬дѰ˸޷֡
ˣ
һϵͭսʣڲçɽ֮С
ܿ죬ɫӴͭսÿɫӡ
ˢ
ͭսСֱӱΪ׵С
ضͨ߹հ˹գڴ󣬽ء
峤ǻˡ
һƬƻֺĽУӽϽ峤˵
黹˳ɣ
峤鳤һߴӲ鿴ʯĵرһĵʵ
ʮǰǰ峤鳤ڵ޳ҾģͼҶҶķɵ֮£һȫʬ
һʱ䣬ƴȺס
ʱ鳤վѪѹвˣ˳ĵ峤ı
ʮĹľӪ£ҽָԪǿ
ħŮˣ
ӳƬ̣ջû
Ϊ³عģҲס
ʲô鳤󾪣ȵˣ
ǣ
Ӵ亹򣬲ħŮʵ̫ǿˣ֣Ҳֻܽشδܽ¡
ǿ¶ݣʲô鳤ʵ
ûУǺСģδĿ֣Բ˲鵽ͷġӳ˵
ţǾͺá
鳤ͷ԰ֻҪûκƾֶͨ죬Ҳ鲻ͷ
Ծɲģؾ¸֪½޼
ʮϢѽָԪԾһоԶĹϼ塣
ǰҹϵؾͻȻԶµĲУҪҺѵһ̳С
޼Ѫ֮Ǽ޵֮ҵһţսߣսؾôеʸ
䣬ؾĥõԶŵĴУΪ
ؾ֮УԶµĴƷʯֲ̺ؾԪ
ǿЩʯؾеĵر޼һδɱ䣬ϴϴ跥ë
ڣڲǰ˾˵һڵͻ˴˵еľ硪Ԫ
ȻޣķѵľʯҲǷǳӴģԶľʯһա
Ϊ˸֮׵Ԫ鳤ðżķջڶʳӳ˴ľʯĵر
峤ǽʸ޼үȥɣ
һϣֺõ˵
ǣ
鳤Цһǻʸ񣬶ˡؾʲô˶ܽ𣿡
˻һݣæͷ˴ĺӡ
һĻ鳤ɫЦ˵ĲһнȻȥȥɡ
л峤ⶼӦġ
˸м㣬˿ûп鳤۵һ˿Ĺâ
žž
뿪֮鳤˲̧¡
һӰϢĳߣ˵峤кηԸ
еθɵòӦͣ㽫صóʹ͸ǰɡסһҪۿǺȥ鳤䣬ûһ˿ɫʡ
峤𣿡ǵӰ΢΢һ𣬵˵
֪鳤صʲô壬һ޽ľ綾ڷɱڰ
ԴԼ˶˺飬鳤ȷһۡ
ֻ˲Ųй¶ܣ𣿡鳤˵
ˣ
ǵӰ˵ߣϢʧˡ
ҪңҲΪ롣
鳤һӣʮصؾȥ
ҵؾУԪӳ棬¡¡Ϫ
һʯϣһϥһԪһıǿס
ͭɫļ˸ŽḺ́ըԵ
ˢ
ģ۾⣬Զ
ɽּ䣬һӰɶƮƮɡ
峤һӭȥ
޼ʯĵرˡ
鳤߹һӣʮмĵϣÿһжٽľʯĵر˴ͷ
޼򿪿һ£ɺ˵ǿǿǿɣ
ǴӻаʵͽħŮģǻ鵽ʲô˿鳤ǵ˵
ߣ
޼һм˵鵽ôֻҪҹ˾磬Ҫ˵һаʣټҲҵĶ֡
Ҿͷˡ鳤һһϣĵ޼ǰܵ裬Ҫϴˢˡ
峤ģܵ裬ҳ֮գ˫޼Զ죬£ۡ
׹أǼĳ衣
޼ģһҪ׸صĴۡ
ڴʱ嫵ĲУҶ޵ִ̫ա
ŽǿεҶипǧ
ĥڵˣּ飬޷
ȻȴûóȻ٣Ϊ̫ղϿǿĽƣóȻӲĻ֮ܿء
գѡ˵ȥأ߾ɵƹسʥ
֮ѡǣΪڵĴ˵Ǿһǡ
ӫӫƻһ
ǣųӫǡǡִ
ɰܣ˾֮͡ɥǻ
ܵ˵ڹ˵ǽǣ˾˳֮֡ҡɥȵȡ
ҶŹϸܵ˳ʥĴһʺϳسʥĹǡ
ĻгʥԺżĺô
ҲҪʥ
һ·ϣǺͻƽһֱѹƾ磬ʵͿԳʥˣֻΪ˺һٳɹûмͻơ
Ҷϻ֮ҲԳѡٽˮǺľǡ
Źʥߴǳأڴ˳ʥôࡣ


1953 ֮
ֳӫǣ
زӲǺɫɰǵľʯ׺䡣
˹ӵ
ٿȻҶ˫â
ڲãĴؾͷһ˹ĺӵبڵƽϡ
²Բԣ˹ĺۼѾܵˣԾܹһЩ˿
ˢ
һҶ紩Խռһ㣬ݺľ޴Ͽա
ǡ
ģҶһ֣޴˹ӵǿģһɵġ
ӫʿڣĴս
Ź֮Աӣº͵ľսкܴϵ
۵Ϣ
Ҷӫд۵Ϣ֤дڴפ
ۣҶԼ
ûд𰸣Ҷ֪ϢĴڣڳ߾֤ʥһĥѡ
Ҷûֱӳأͽ߱ӫǣ䡣
Ҫóֵ׼һٳɹ
ΪѰʿ߾һֹ򣬹ľֹ
ĴԽЩҳԽʱڵĴۣ
Ӧģ֤ʥѶҲ޷ģʶҵģҪԼ״̬ѣһٳɹ


ģ
׻֯ܲƻͨ
ױ˫֣ϵ鷿ⲽüͷ
޵սԪˡʧأѲٻԻ͡
Ȼʮָ˼ʵɴǰ
һ£˸ҽɽʣ㽫ɱʵ̫Ρ
ˣ
۾һ
ſһ׻֯Ա߽㱨죬ղ˵㵽ӵԵӹǷȥ
ʲô
üû£ȥɣ
ѵһ٣׻֯Աε˳ȥˡ
ãţ׳ʱٵͲ˵ˣ
һεĵ죬Ҫ㱨ľ¡
ʲô˸ɵģ
һ٣ʵ
ĺͷ飬ʣ˳ģˡ
ң
ԣһ˫âɢֲɱ⣬ǻô
ŭ֮׺ܿƽĺʵϢɿ𣿡
ǻϵңҲǵ֮һͬʱս˵ĳԱкصĻȨ
һҪңҪȷ֤ݣϣԼҲ޼ƿʩ
ԿɿĿǳսͭսɽˮȥĺ˵
дɣʵʱǡм˿һĻ
ܺã׺˵бҪȥһˡ
ϧû֤ݣֱǽˡ
ĺź˵˵ǼֵҲûгֹСϢ˵˲ͻȻУҹè塣
ɱڣ
ЦԽԽˣҵҪôͣ
ʵϣΪµһ֣ʵꡣ
ʱ
ɽˮһλ֮͡
ΰվſڣĺȵ鳤ٳң
ХڰɽˮصþòϢ
ˣ
һƬ𶯣
ʮǰױأһ֮ƴ󣬱Ƶͷϴ黹ʯ
ʱʮ꣬һĻѵҪ
£ȣҲ
鳤ǳ򶨣ٰһ¾ģصڴȥ
ݹ٣ԣ
鳤ڴ˫ֱȭЦĿף˿顣
ٷϻ
˿飬Ӳ˵֪ΪʲôģʽаҿһΣ飡
˻Ӻ˵𣿡
鳤ݼտײҲ֪ƾ޾ݣɲԩǰ
˵ˣǻ֪ܲаʵҲҶԳħŮְ
ٸϷ
ŭֱײţ˵ƾ޾ݣҲ˿ҵ˸ɵģ㻹ҵ浱Ҳƽ𣿡
ʲôôҴʴʣҪƽң
޼̤Ĵ߳׵ǰ
⼸յȹ̣ľ糹ȶ
Ԫ˵еľ磡
սԺɨȫ򣡣
ʯģҲǴ˵ģô޼ǳ˿ûн׷
Ѿһˣ磬ǵ蹵һ㣬Խ
شСУҿҪ㣡޼˵
ûҪǸ
޼ĳ֣ʱʿ񣬷׷׽£Ҳ׵в
ţ鳤Ҳٱ˵޼󣬵죬µûʯĵرģ뽫ħŮһȥû뵽ˡ
˵еľ磡
޼ϣ׸ܵΣգǳ𾪡
ڸλϲŭɫ̩ɽǰɫ
˿̣Ͽ˿ĵʲô
ʲô
޼Ц˵أģĹøĸˡ
Ҫư磿
ü׼첻һսºƽȥˡ
кβɣ
޼ĵѾͻ˵еľ磬֮£˭ҵĶ֣㣿аʣ
ϴ̤ҴߣҪ
ϣ޼ǿƳֱ֣Ӷʮǹûǹâɱȥ
ߺϻ
ֱӶ׻ȭеɱУӲ޼ʮǹ
ϡ
һҫ۵Ĺâʱըͬõ̻
һ֣ױɫ䣬޼糤ӣϢǳǿ
дǹǹɢɭɱ⣬˫ȭԵУͳ˿ټʵ粻Ǳһ·ѹ
һٻҲһٲѪڣؿܵҪ
ۣ
һʱ޼һǹ磬ѪŽ˵ֱӹ
ۣ
͵һѪŻ޼ɱһɫҰס
һ
޼˵ƾʵҲ˵µһӽ㽫ϳ
Ҹƴˣ
״ֱȼɢֲϢ˫ߣ˵ȭâ
䣡
ؿѣɽʯ飬ܶ˵𣬱ڿС
ˤ֣
޼ԶǹһͬԽգǰһƻӳһ񱮣ݺݵĽֱķɳȥ
ǶϽۣ
ȻһѪЩɢŬȴˣгŨŨı벻ʡ
죬һ·ߺã㲻įģаǺܿͻģ޼£ޱȡ
޼䣬𣡡
ɨ˻ģư£ָտɴ
˸߲ң׷ۣΪ޼ڣǿָտɴ
ۣ
׷ŭĿУ޼£ֱӽԴȱˡ
һۣѪ
֮䣡


1954 Ұ
£ʿ
˸߲ңҰĲҪһͳģȫ
޼˵ģĹøĸˡ
ǣؽ򣬼̤򣬽оеĹͳͳڽ¡
쿪ʵ
⣬ױһǿߣȴ޼̼䱻Уס
£˭赲ҵ
սһѩǰܰ
ϣ£
޼ү޵У
һǿߣ޼үĪ
޼үڣư£ָտɴ

һ̣һƬü֮Ա
ǿ޼ǼܺϽǼδϣ
ˣʬϳȥι
΢Ϣ޼緢ֺһµ
ˣ
ϵȻӦŵһ׵һֻ˳ȥϲһѪۣĿġ
һۣ಻ȫʬ
޼ҿ㼰ʱأϡ
ҵϵսսһݵ޼˵
ǰζ޼ү
ʮǰ׹ҷѹˣǿϴεȵţΣǱ޼ǿɱû˿֮
ڵѾʮǰˡ˳߲
ǹһ㣬޼ӵм䣬׷ۣ֮Ա
˿̣޼ҾԵ䣬ǵľ֧
ɱаʣҶңĽҵ֮ʱݣ
޼ۣ˵
õҹϴе൱Ը
ΪͨеһЩݵ֪Ԫʿһˮ롣
ڹ磬ʿδﵽԪ㲻̤һ;
˵ԪһǾһϣ벽ԪԪĲҲ޷ģ
֮ǰɻɱףֱӡ֤һ㣡
׼̶ɽԻɱаʣ¡
ţֻҪаʺױϢؽȫ䶯
ʱֻҪģЩֲݡ
ˣϼǿǲɵӣ׺аʶѪʬǸҲ
޼²ף
峤鳤ѵֻһʱȫ֮ߡˣʮǰͷԪôģǿʵҲֲ˵ĺɱĸûŴ˵ǱƼˣѱǲգʯ٣ú˵ƽأ
֮õأ
޼˵ѵǻҪݷɣ
ȻҪ
鳤һյӣǵ˵ȥྩסҶ껺ҶңĵȨƿУȻȥɱаʣֱú˵ɽɷ棡ʱǴȨգ򣬲Щ
һƿػģȳȹȨ֮ʵʩڶһͳԴʹã鳤緢·𿴵һĵ
Ϊ׵޼ͷơ
ϵ鳤һռȻնò
գӸྩ
޼ſ裬ɱ⣬Χ¶ȶȻ½˲١
ͨ
ܶʵ΢ɫ԰ףס޼Ȼɢǿѹ׷׹
ȻǵȴϲãĸԸĹ޼Ľ¡
ֻҪ޼ڣұǵΨһİ
鳤Ҳ¶οЦݡ
㲻г۰¡
ˣҲԽڵӢˡ
ˣ޼ϹһΣ˵ҶСṩĹ˰벽ԪЩ꣬ȻΪû㹻ľʯԪʵӦ֮ϣģԷ﷭鳤ʲôѵ
޷Ԫ½ϣοҵõ洫ɱ
޼׵һսıǡ
峿
նϼ˴أƬɽˮһϼ⡣
⣬ʮǿװɢѪϢ
˴Σֻɹʧܣ
޼˫֣ӲӣɨһƱ뺷ˣ𣿡
ף
ǿȻӦŵ羪ף𶯰ɽˮ

޼һ֣ڸ֣ӢƺƵɱྩ
һȥؽʱֵĶҲǿĻ

Ǳ棬һƬ
ǸӲĴأ鲼źֺɫɰ
ǿϮǧɳŰǱ档
ˢ
Ҷʥԣoٳߣ
ǧ쫷κֺ
ڣҶидͣ
һʱĥ£ľƽ״̬Ҳѡ
һҶѹԼľ磬ʼأ
һ㣬ϯ죬һ
꣡
һ죬·ʲôˣ𼶱ݳһѺۡ
ҶΪȫŭΣһδο񱩵ĳ
һţһݺᣬ֮
˿Өͨ貣ʢѪغ¯ɢž˵
䣡
һδγУ𼶱ڼֲסˣȻ忪
ɹˣ
Ҷĸܵʥȵƺһȭܻ񷡣
һ̣


1955 Ȩ
ྩʳǣ
ĹŽƻֺ꣬µĻʷĲɣ
սϴʼ
ǻĵ࣬Ȩģ׻Ŀеʥء
ԴҶȨ֮󣬳չֳ۲ΰԡ
쵼£˰٣չ
İȫȻҲ֮ء
Եɸֽפİ칫ص㣬;ѡγľӢһ𱣻İȫ
칫Ļʼ԰Уܲ׻֯ĸֺͰߡ
䲻һ岽һڣҲǷѽ
ˢ
ƿһҹϵͭսʣִྩ
Ϊ˲ݾߣҶͭսڽ㽵
޼鳤ûΣչֱʼ԰֡
ʮǿ߳ͨ˵ҰС
Դˣͨ˾ռߣֲˡ
Ҳ˳Ǳྩʱ׼ͻϮеȨ
һƬȺ޼鳤˺ܿӽ˻ʼ԰֡
վס
ʲôˣʲôģ
˲δΣһӽ㱻ľͰ׻ַ֣֯һǹʵľһ׻֯ĸӭ̲顣
˿ûʶӭһ̣ѾȻͷϡ
ģ
޼Ц˫ַ磬âһӡ˵ǰ
ۣ
ۣ
׻ӦֻĿһۣһѪ˱㵹ɳȥ
飡
飡
׹صص׵ڵϣѪ
һ·߽ȥ޼ɱֻɱӭ̲ľ׻֯ĸ֡
һ·ʬأѪζʼ԰Ȼһ⣬Ԥȥ
ܿ죬˱ʼ԰ֱ֣Ҷ껵İ칫صȥ
Ҷ껰칫ĵطǳۣſϷ˶Ĺԡ
絶ϣ
칫¥УҶͦεԲɣ˫˸ǵĹâ
ʮҶҹ͹£ϵʱ;ޣӶҶ˼ӰΪࡣ
Ͼͻս񾳣Զʤˣܿ춯
ʲô£
Ҷ˿ûʶֶĽ٣޽䱸˳
ţ
Ȼ۾ͫâСĹâ
ǰԶ޼鳤˲ЦЦĿ
鳤˽صأʲô
Ҷ𾪣һϺȣӣλߵϡ
⼸գæ񣬲֪ɽʱ֮£֪޼С
Щ鳤˵ûͨҲûԤ׶༪١
ֻǰݷã飬Թǿ
ҶϯôĹ
޼ЦһһԪɢһŴҶȥ
Ҷ껴󾪣⿴һȻΧĿռ䣬á
֣
ҶкȻ֪鳤߲ƣҲû뵽ߵ˾Ȼǿʲôʱһ֣
𣡡
ҶҲԴеˣһ𣬻Ϣǣ׼ȼƴ
ҲҪǸصĴۡ
٣ʡʡɣ
Ҷ껵ͼ޼ЦΪŵĵ׶׸ɱ㻹ͽʲô˵ɱһֻһ򵥣
޼˵еľ磬Ϊµһ֣ɱ練ƣ
鳤˵Ҷ껣ʶʱΪܣȰ㻹Ƿֿɣ
˵գЦ°Ͷ̧ȥˣһС˵־޳
ʲʲô״ʦˣ
Ҷɫ䡣
ô
޼Цʡ

Ҷ죬û˵ʲôͬʱҲ˵ֿȼʵΪû塪ȼƴҲ˺޼ֺ
˵еľ磬һˮ룬׿ʮ꣬Ṳֻ̋Ǹ磬ջޣɼ˵еľжǿ
һǾʲô
Ҷ껣ѾˣǽȨɣ鳤ֱ⡣
ҪɱɱҽȨ첻
Ҷԣ׶Է⣬Ӧ
ɲ㣡
޼Цұһ㣡
٣㾡֣ܳ
ҶЦһ顣

޼ŭ̧һƺݺݳȥХķ
һ޼ŭûпǺҶ˹ֿĻɡ
飡
İƾҶ껵һʱ鳤ץסˡ
ˣƷ绹ҶۣѪ˿
峤Ǻ⣿
޼ɫ࣬Թ˵Ҷ鵱ɱ˼ҺҲ䣡񣬼Ȼ봫˵еľ磬޾ȻҪɱȻҶң취ƾƣƾǵʵ׾٣ʱȨС
ûô򵥣
鳤ҡͷҶ껼ģóȻɱ޷ڽ鷳̫ʱȶ棬ͼߡ
ʲôð취𣿡
Ŵα裬޼ɫüΪѿѾ˵еľ磬Ϊһǿߣȴⲻˬ
Ȼ
鳤һЦˣȽȻĿǰƿػȨļѡһȡ֮ǵĿܣĻٿأգ

޼׷ˣ鳤ĻǸԶëͷСȵģһ͵ҽ֮ƣ˵ն
ܿ죬Ǳ鳤ɫѡ޼Ҷ껡
ҵʵѡ֮󣬱ǿпҶ껽ȨְȨ˳ƽ֮ٽҶȫĨɱҶҴʧ׳Ϊʷ
ѡҪݡеλҪв
ģȨľô壬Ҳҡ
ܿ죬鳤һˡ
˽ȻվڻȨ˵ĵڶҶ껡
ҴĻǸڱ֧֣ȡҶ껶֮⡣
׽磬ԭྩҶҡ׼֮ĵ塣
׼ץסᣬӭͷһԾΪҶҵĵڶ壬ȨԺա
źһУ鳤̶ǰҡ
ţֻҪɵӣȻܾ֦
ྩ壬ĸ屳ûĹϼڱ
ôǰ˱ӻĸ




1956 β
ĺʱ޷ͨ
ʮ˴ˣ޷ͨԾ޷ͨ
ô£ѵ״ʦˣ
ķУڴͷͨѶ
ҡҡͷܣʵھ£˭˵
ȻܾһֲԤС
Уҵùȥ
գǾԸ׻֯ܲȥѯ
ʹϵǷֻܼԣȴбˡ
ȻʦδĻǳ
˵߾ߣħŮһУһ飬ͷţҲء
ҽԺƺԼ˹ˣѾòˡ
ŵŵš
ʰһ£ֱӿȥ
飡
ǰӰһһҪΪƯСʿײ˸ɽ㱻ˡ

ƯСʿһУ˫ֱأһСߵͨ죬Ǽдˡ
ã
Ӱһתжһ磬գۼʧ

׻֯ܲ
һ·ͨ裬׻֯ĳԱûв֪ħŮģҲ֪ʦĪ֮
ʲôҴ˻ʼ԰֣ҽأҽô
ոյִ׻֯ܲ㱻Ϣˣһ׻֯鱨Աʵ
Ҷĸ׽ȻҶ껵гɼһжʮǰˡ
ҶҶΨһˣ˿ʧԵҶôԵǿĽ㣿
޼鳤ǿӲʼ԰֣²ס㵱ʱûϢҲᱻ˷֡
ྩϢҪȨˡ
׻֯鱨ԱȻ¸ӹעڵһʱ֪һо
Ҷϯ˿סˣ˵һţʵǳǿǸ𱣻Ҷϯĸȫɱһ
˵׻֯鱨ԱҧгݣȦˣǶǵֵܰ
ң
üԲɢµɱ⡣
ȻҲ֪ҶУͶֻǿѹŭ
ԸңҪıȡʤ»ӳ顣
ȻһƼưٳ˿ȴһĪչˡ
ңҶѾ˷硣
ˣ·󲻾ã˿鳤ҷȥˣҲһֱϵ죬֪Ϊʲôʼ޷ϵϣڸô죿鱨Աʵ
Ҫ
Ҳûа취ֻס棬Ҷ껻ǰȫġ
Ҳ֪ȥǰ취һҵ飬ضȨһҶʧȥüֵ֪
ҺҶ֮νǳƺޱߣҶˣǼֳһ֣ưոݣ
Ҷ׳Ŀŵƹ
ǡ
뵽սʶ׺ܿѾ겻⣬Ҿ˸ߵ¡
鳤ȥңͼԲ׽ҶҵĵڶţȻǻȨ˵ĶȡҶ껣֪
Ҳ׼ܵĹ߶ѣȨ߻ҡ
ͨһ㣬ҵһʱϵʦ

ɽׯ԰
꣡
ֵͨѶабˡ
ң
ɫ䣬ŭȼա
ڸղţӵ˳ĵ绰֪ྩһУһŭ֮£ֱӽͨѶ÷顣
Ӧûô򵥣
ŭ侲һ˼ʶ˲ұȻͻƵǴ˵еľ磬ô˸ߵ£
׶˲⣬Щˡ
ʮΪûôһֱԭ̤
֮ǰҶõڵﱻϵΪǣʱͻƵ۷壬ֻ̤˴˵еľ硣
ȻǺ̶ܴΪڱʥصؾеõԴҺ
ʮռľʯ󲿷άִתˡ
û㹻ľʯټǰͻ̫죬ʮΪһֱͣͲǰ
ҾȻһλţʱشͻƣ˴˵еľ磬һͷ
ԼʵǴ־սĻܽͬǿ߻Ϊһ㣬Ѻĸɡ
Ȼ˵оǿߣͲˡ
ʵֻڲ֮䣬λ׶ܻɱȥҲ޲
СΪʦֻƴһսˣ޷ס㸸׺˵İȫĪң
̾һ
˴˿̣Ҫһϣͳҵſˡ
⣬ܿ컻һͨѶͨԪĺ롣
٣аʣɲ˴绰ǲȾˣͨѶдԪˬʵ
ྩˣʰһ£ϸྩһϡľ򵥵ĸ˵һ顣
ԪһصĵãȥҵҪҵʲô
Ҷϵ绰ָɱ֮ҹʺɽɵĲԲȥͬྩԸҡ
û˿ɣӦ̣ྩ棬һж
Ǻһ֧ƿػˣǾǺ£Ϊ棬Ҳ岻ݴǡ
ͬʱ鳤ͨգɹҰԼսϣҼһ¡
ϣ룡
Ҽ鳤ңһı鶨ҸȨλҸɱЩŴȨʿɴȨȨץС

ͬһʱ䣬ھ޾ԶĺУľ޾췣٣貵׹вϴ󱯲ҵǺ
ǰǵ٣Ľٷͬʱ٣ֲ׽١
̵ģֲ֤׼λΪ𣿡죬֣챻ˡ
ʥ˽ٷǳˣԶͨʥ˽ٿɱȣ¡¡ֲޱߡ
ء
˸ƤǶϽۣһ߼ѵһ
ԱѡΣߵǼѵ֮·٣ôࡣ
įˮϻһѵܣƽҲڶɽ٣öǺˡ
Ϊޣٸӿֲ㹻ʵѴȥ
֪˶ãľһֲǺʥ
ءǣǧٰѣʥ壬ڳʥˣ
ţˮҲһϵХƽСƦҲ˳Ĵ٣֤ʥλ
ϴ󣡡
ϵغգǱԵҵغĿȸ
ǶѾʥˣҶСôƽѧŰǵĿȸʵ
㶮ƨҶСӵٷǳֲͻ߾ʥ˽٣»ֲǱĵ˵
һΪҶͻƾԻѣٵĶ²С
˵Ļ˵ֲž




1957 ʥ˽٣
ϣҶչɷʢѪһǳ𣬻˲񷡣
䣡
췣٣Ƭ׺ϲ֮䣬һӽûˡ
Ҷɷֱʧ׺û
Ƕ׹ˣǹ⣬
̫١١ž١١д١ء𡢷硢ˮ١
ٻ۳һƬ壬ɲ׽١
ûи⻹ʥ˽׼۽Ҳ˰ɣ
ǴУܴ̼ԭΪԼѾǳֲˣԶʤһʥ˽٣ҶٱֱС׼ף̫ˡ
ƬֱùǶ٣⻹ò˻ˣƽڳ鴤
̫ɲˣҶȣٲСӵĹҼң̫Сˡ
һĿȸȻɫ䣬ֲ٣߾۷ľʥȥҲȻ٣
ҿ㹻ԶȻܱ֮ܿУŵù
ǼֱѾˣ񷣣ĩս١
УҶ졣
û뵽Լ췣ңȴû뵽ô
ǿı嶼һѪۣǽڱ
ǰƤּǵ췣ÿһѪ⣬νҪ˹ͷ顣
ǣɻңϣҶĳʥ̫ˡ
ȻεʹȻѰܵġ
ҶŲ̆һ˿壬壬ꡣ
֮£ļûУÿʿڶɽٵʱ򶼷ǳǰ׼ܣΪԼֵ١
м˸ֱ壿ǿؼΪ񱩵ϲԵ־
ϲԵ־Ѱ·
䣡
ڹ˸˸ٽ٣нѶ󣬼Ƭ񷣬ʯûڵУը̻財
һ־ֲκһλʥǿߵʥҲ٣޷⡣
飡
Ҷ飬ֱɷɻңɵӡҲѺۣâ
һ̣ҶµĽѣ߾ȫԿͬʱҪϵĹ֮۵Ϣ
һù֮۵ϢҲŶɽٵĻǽľֲԿס
ڳ֮ǰ㽫жͻǹ˿ȸΪܡ
Ȼ죬Ͼ粻סʥ١
ǹǵ۱̥ȻδɳΪĵ۱ȴѾ˵۱
˴ּɵ̥մȾдϢһɽٵĻȻΪ񱩵١
˲
Ҷ귢ȣתɲǼ飬ع顣
¡
һƬ췣٣һֽ貣Ƭ档
Ƭ·˴ըǴĿĹâȼٻɲ򱶡
̫ٵˣǵأ񷣬ҶѪģ
ǿı壬Ѿأͽֻ׼ȴѵֲ١
ϲԸĿ飬ͦȥ̥ǣɱʥͦȥʹ˼ǳɻңɿա
𣬵ᣬҲ죡
ҶȣתΪһ壬Ѫ¯Է겻𣬲ϵĽ塣
ǼʹḶ́ͣȻ̺֮ϣϾʿһο飬вͻ

ҶиܵԼ̥Ǻ֮У໥˺ѡ
ٺ̫һһһһȺ٣ӡǡ
ֻأ̫
Ҷתв̫ΪںΪԼıԴбǿԼ칦
䣡
ػˮĴٽ٣翪ٵأݻǬл
ĵ䣬ҶĴΣӡҲѺۣЩ
һһεļ޽ѣǳˣκһɻҽûмܽ£Ǹ־·ĳͷ
޾ǿǾ壬Ҷֲ̫ӰƬ档
ܶ฽ܵӰ죬ĵȻ⣬ӰӾҡ
绡
ˡˡˡ
ڴ磬·ĩսһ㣡
쳣Ȼȫ߲ע⣬ŵ쳣ԭ
ྩ
ܲһ绮գʷƾõĹųǡ
аԲԪҹྩһĺԺл棬һж
ȽҶϯȳһҵóѣȻӦġԪص˵

Բҹ˵ͷͬ⣬ֻҪҶ껾ȳ黹תأֻˡ
Դ˵еԪǿߣʵûжʤ㡣
ྩô׶û¶棬Ӳ²棬겻ˡ
һ飬Լһ飬һ֣סˡ
ҹóϢǱ٣ױ֣Ǿ˵Ĳѡ
ã˷׷׵ͷơ
²˳٣
İ壬ŵǱʼ԰֣Ƚ껾ȳסܲ־;Ҫ֣ݾߡ
İɣֲСˣԪ˵

һ֣һȻʼ԰ȥ
ԪͲԲ˶һۣҲչȥ
֪ҳһԪǿߣǸܲ¶вؾҪ¶ҵǿһ
㱻ˣҲҹԳ䲻ĽҶ껾ȳ
һǿ˵ʼ԰еľͬ裬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱƽء
˻ǷǳΪڻʼ԰УЩʲôõľİڣҵһ֡
ùЩͰڣʶ˵Ԫǿ߼ǲܵġ
УϢĿٽӽҶ껵İ칫ص㣬Χһ糣û˿״
Ȼȴоһ״ѹ·һͷб޶һ
ǿľѹҹѾˡԲ΢ߣ˵
ûϵֻҪڴסҹʱܹ˳ˡ
˵ֲԤУξ˲ô˳
ڴʱҶ껰칫ķͻȻˣ޳һа޼߳
Ƕʱˣǻ
޼ţЦеλǱˣⷽԲǧ֮ڣκη紵ݶҵ
ڰҹһæϢ·һûʯͷ
ѵҪɣ
޼һһȭҹĵطȥȭâǹɢ
䣡
ҹڰæ֮Уǿʵһƣâ絶޼ȭâײһ𣬷һ졣
ۣ
ҹ׻ȻһѪŵŵѪɫʾ
ͲӲһ֮£˲ᡣ
һ
һȭǿҹʣ޼ۣЦԼ֮ɫ


1958 һѹ
ʼ԰УЩء
ɱ֮ҹһܣˣͷһӰ
ǰҵ̫ǿˣ˴˵еԪ
ɫѿ޼ʵ̫ǿˣԭļƻ״ҡ
һϰɣ
޼վſڣֵָˣ˵
Ҷ֮鳤ǲסģһ֪ϢȻˡ
ʱ䣬һֱСĽ䱸
Ȼȵˣ
һϣ
ɫ࣬չɷȭȭâɷֱ֮޼ؿڻȥ
ϣ
ɽɵĲԲҲԥİγһŽâ޼ȥ

Ԫһ趯컭ꪣֱ޼ľâ죬ƥ
ҹһԵһöҩжذ¹âѰ϶ɱ
Ĵͬʱ޼͹
ʱѾ˲ʲôˡ
û޼Ķֻ֣Կ
һʱ䣬ʼ԰ȭŰݺᣬâ죬һƬƬϵĽȻ̳
޼һģ磬ÿһǳֲƻǿ

޼һָڲԲĽϣһԲַɳڱѣѪ졣
ϣ
漴һԪꪸϣֱӽնˣԪһ׻æ˿ˣд˾ݡ
˵еľȻǿѾǿĶѻսʤˡ
䣡
ȭͷ޼ȭݺݵײһ𣬱ĿĹâ
飡
һҽУȭͷѿѪģ
꣡
꣡
ɵֵס˵Ĺ޼һӣâХնԪͲԲˡ
âХԪͲԲˣֱӳеĳʹꪡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Ⱥ󴫳ԪͲԲеķ˲ѣâƲֱ˵Ļâ
ۡ
ѪɽԪͲԲ˵ɶѪ磬Ȼʧȥս
Ϸƴˣ
һĻŭһǿžʹڲԪӿȭȻ޼
ɷ죡
ΣǿɱУ
֪
޼һߣһƻӳӲ͵һȭ籩ϯֱӽ˳ȥ
㶯ɱУ޷˼޼ֺ
аʣҪңǿߣ
УҶ껴𣬻ĿԲ۽Ѫ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
һ̣жԼС˵ڵĲҾ緢
𣡡
ŭ쳹ྩųǣ¡¡ڸǲס
һ̣ȼ˲Ԫһ㣬˫ȭûһȭӰ޼ȥ
ɷȭ
˿̣ȼ˲ԪŭǾˡ
飡飡顭
ƴ޼ҲֻԴ˫ȭҸ񵲣ֱۡ
ৣ
ô˻ᣬҹչͼƴ룬ȥˡ
Ȼ
޼ͷҹʣһ߳Ľâشݺݻϣʱ߷ɳȥ
ۡ
ҹصˤڵϣѪ磬ңʧȥս
Ϊȼôһ㲻Ԫҿôұ㿴洫ѧ
ҹ֮޼ٴεסȭͻȻһ
䣬޼Ԫһӿ˹âʢ
ৣ
޼Ϊնһֵ
ն
ȼԪƴ޼˴Ӵѧ洫ѧ
꣡
ֵնһԲεĵâȻ֣һ£ſµϢն
ৣ
ܵâĿбϢ֣֪޷Ӳһʱ
Ȼ
âٶʵ̫ˣ˲ն
飡
һ죬âɨУ˵ɶѪɣ
ղȼԪâֵס˵âųɵһնɽնһѪ⣡
ͨ
ˣҲ֧ţصˤڵϣѪģ·òȫѪȾ͸ˣ·մѪˮ̳һ㡣
аʡ
ԲԪ˱ǿ߹Է޼ɱ֡
ȻҲ֪ͽ͵ġ޼ҪɱֵĻ˭ҲӲ
㾹ܹƵҶնǸǿˣҲˣ
޼Ӹµؿز֣ȫʧȥսЦһ
塭
ڴʱͻȻͨѶֻ£ԵôĲʱˡ
һʱ䣬˶סˣԵЩ졣
ӣ
ѵ˵Ԫæͨˡ
ҴʦˣɣɽׯеĴˣάִĲϾҪľˡͨѶдܰ
ѩϼ˪
ЦԼԼ֪Ѿˣôܸϻȥ
ο޼ҲԲ˻뿪
Ҵʦ
ܰͨѶһȹϵϡ
õˣϹزȥˣԶҲزȥˣ
޼񶾵˵д˲̵Цݣħ
㡭˭ҴʦأܰовԤС
ͨѶô˵˶񶾣жôĳԹŻ˶񶾵䡣
ȻͨѶȴֻһƬཱུæ
䣡
ʱ췣٣
ʼ԰һƬǽ壬ǽͷ档
Ҷ껰칫ķҲһǽȫˣؿеÿһ䡣
˿̣Ҷ껱ڷУãֻĿһĻĻҾԼǰȴֹɱһ˫ĿѪᡣ

޼Цŵĵңư£춼Ϊأ
Ȼ
޼Ļ£һƿµѹȻ֣
ô£
޼ͷһͷ·˾
⣡
ҹʡԲԪҲͷйĪĿ־塣
ͬʱȫﶼܵƿµѹһЩСԲᶨֱ̱˵ϣɽЩСĶҲſڵϣֱ¡
񱩵׵Ӱ콻ͨͨѶȸ򣬺ܶ˵ͨѶûźţֻһЩר߻ֳܱͨ衣
塭
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ껷еһ̨ɫ绰
Ҷ껵רߵ绰ֻΪļܴұشʱſԴ
ৣ
̶ĵ绰Ҷ껵ɫٴһ䣬֪϶ǳ˴飬ר绰
ţ
޼ؿҶ껵ı仯һֱߵ绰ԣ
ϯԴ֮ǰ֮Ǳ㰴ָʾȥ飬׵ӰźŴ䣬һֱûԭ򡣾ڸղţ̽һصϢǵ룬ѽ滹ԭǾãϷпɵʵԭ㱨
绰һˣһλ
ܿĻ𣿡޼Ҷѯʡ
ȻѯʣȴĿǣһӸ£ӡ
Ҷû˵칫ڰ칫ϵļⰴťеһȥ

ţ칫ǰһǽϳһ޴ʾѩ㣬ûκλ档
洫Ҷ绰´
ǣϯǻὫĻȫȥ
Ҷϵ绰ĻϳһѶŵĽڿš
ʱϣĻϳ˻桭




1959 ȫֱɽ٣
ڿһ˲䣬˶ˡ
ھ޴ĻϣԲΪ޾ױ£
䣡
޾׺䣬ͬ񷣣ĻǶܸܵٵĿֲ
һɵľԡڽٷ׺Уɢǿҵʥ⣬Ͷء
䣡
ŵɵĴɽգЮ޾ױ֮Ǿ˳ȥ
𣡡
Ǿſ˫֣˫âӲӣ˺գӭӾŵ١
δֱֿþŵ£ϴ
ȻŵɽĴ壬

˶ˣǿɵ
˻Եͨ΢մȾسɽٻңǾ˾Ȼֱþŵ룬ٵ壬Ǻεȵţ
¡¡
ĻǶܸоǻصž죬ϣ飬ѪȾˡ
̫ˣ
˶ݣ
̫ˣ޾׹û˾˵ݡ
ȻˣҲˣ
Ƕɽٵľ
ֳĶʡ
Ϊ̫ǿˣ
٣ݻһ򶼴´ֿ࣬ܵġ
ž
˻ģĹͷ飬Ѫ˿貣ȼյһҫۡ
䣡
ٻڼ翪ٵأ޾ٷ׹̻֮
ٽ٣ƺˣ˻֮ϯƬ
Ƭ׺䣬ٴα飬Ѫݽߣ걻ɢɢڻС
ûͦȥ
źΪ쿹Կٵľ˸еϧ
ʱһƿµѹҲʧˡ
ȻղһƼֲѹλɽٵľˡ

޼Цǿʲôãɲ٣վɿգ޷£ԾΪɱᣬֻһ䣬Ϊס
ǳ
ڴʱһƴ쳹񷣬ȣ硣
ʱ䣬ֲѹٴγ֣֮ǰ
ͨ
޼̱ɫ԰ףַѹЩֱӱˣս־嵽˼㡣
Ļϣ֣ǾؾۣѪǿҵ׹⣬ȵѪǣֱ
һ̣ٶ˼֣񱩵׺УԳݡ
СС
ǡҶ
Ҷ껡Ԫʧ
һ̣Ҹ̫ͻȻǲԼ۾
ھ¶ݵһ̣˶ˣǸʯ̵Ҷƣͬһˣ
޾УǵҶӰչɽɢŶĿĹâƬҪˡ
һ̣ħŴۣ٣ǧٰѣࡣ
⡭ôܣ
޼ʧУš
һ̣ĿͣεѣֻС
ղ䳰ȷԼףִɱȨǺεȵſһ
ڣ˷ǵûҺпʮǰǰδҶ
һУִ׹ĸо
ͬʱȫҲ׷ݣԭ档
ǿǿֲٵʱ˶𾪵Ըӵĵز
ǿеľ˾ȻҶʱ˸Ǽʯ
ϵۡҿʲô
ǸʧʮĻҶ
񰡣ֱ޷ţ
黭治йȫڵĿֻš
ȫ˵ĸ߲׷黭浱ɾܷϽй
Ȼ
û뵽ǣǸոݵͬʱһ߼ڿͱǵİȫϵͳݳɹ
λźڿͲ֪صζʲôΪĳְĻֱֱķʽ
һʱ䣬ȫ䶯˶ԵĻ档
ױֲ̫ˣ
ģǾ˾ԡ׵磬ѵ񲻳ɣ
޾׺أѵǴ˵е٣
쳣׵ƵѵǴ˶ɽģ

ֱһ»Ȼ֮˶ʱˢ磬۶
һʱ䣬ٶһư񣬳Ϊȴʡ
˷׷ԣΪߵޣΪɽͬʱڶɽ֮˵ǿ󣬶ڲ²ݡ
Ҷ
Ҷ
аʵĵҶ
ģɽٵĴȻʮǰָӣ
ʮǰΪ˶ͨôڻϣ
󣬵ҶĿĻֺȫ䶯
ͬһʱ䣬һƬ𶯣־嵽˼㣡
Ƿ֣ƵֱǵɣħӰȻҶ
ֱӰˣ
˵УҶǵʣӣ̫جκѣ
ʮǰҶǰ磬ûѶΪҶˣȴһҶľˣھԶĻ϶ɽ١
ǵ𺳺;ֱ֣޷ݣ
ܣԲܣ
ֻƶѣԲҶС֣

ţֱԡ׺ħӰҶ
Ȼ־廹ÿ˵ͷѰ
һҶСˣ
ܶ˶ڷ߷ߵ䣬˵ĻοԼ
ɽ
ΪϷ˾ͽˮһʱõϢֱ䡣
ǿֲټʱҲˡ
Ȼܿ㷢֣׺ǶɽٵĸߴӰȻǳ졣
ǡҶ磡
ǵɽٵӰЩҶʱ˶סˡ
ò˵ŮĵĵʱǳֲģӰ뵽Ҷϡ
ܰ㣬쿴ֱ
һʱ䣬ܰ˵绰֪ͨҲ
ҶҶ
ܰ򿪵ԣֱһɲǣ׻úܴ󡢺ܴ
һ̣оԼҪϢˣ
ȻûпҶǾȴ̫Ϥˡ
ڿֱǵħߴӰһ̣㼸Զ϶ǾҶ
ͬһʱ䣬սҹڵҲֱ
סǵӰôô죿
׺Ҷƴɽٵľսͷ
ټҶ飬¶ݡ
һ̣ȫһƬž
XҶֵܣ
սһֽУڵվѵƷˡ
Ҷ磬ȻҶ磡
˾ͽˮ档
㡭ܰҲͬ滨꣬Ҫô
һ̣ķ·𱻺ݺݵץһѣ¶ѡ
˼ҹΣ֪˶˼ᣬٴҹλأߡ
˿̣ټϤӰܰԼ·ҸҪȥˡ




1960 ʥ
ӫټ
Ҷ֮
ڽϲ֮ɱ䣡
ʥô׵ģвΣա
Ҷپֲ֡
Ҳκ˶ֻٵصĴ٣ʥס
Ҳɲǣ궼ˡ
̺һպͻٵĻҲֲס
ˣҶҲεľһصһЩˡ
һִѣ˱ٵ飬Ԫһ𣬶³ɿˡ
գͦˣ꾭ٵϴ񣬸貣ԡ
ٵأ
ٽ٣һ֮Ϣɢϣ
ȻҶȴ˿иȫԸ׼ӭ١
֮Ϣɢ˻磬ȴžֲȥգ岻ȥô򵥣ûеڶ·ߡ
ɣҿٵжֲ
ҶڣȣǿϹ˸˸׹ζͨʥ
䣡
ٵشٽ££Ƿ·٣Ƭѹ䣬
𡭡
ҶгѪ죬֪˶ٴΣÿζ˲顣
һδУġ̵ۣ򣬽صӡԼѪ֮С
ˣ
޾ǿɫ䡣
ٵش٣ҪĽడƽСƦӵɫҲ
һͦģȸһ˿ǣûյĴᡣ
׷ҶôãóϷҶԼΨһ˺ż
Ҷܣ𣬵ᣬٲ࣬ؿɳɹɹѣʥ
޾׺Уʼ
ҶΧ˹ӮëľУ޲ۡ
һ׵ɣʵȴʵϺ
βǳչᣬѲ񷣬죬ҡֱϾ
ħ˻ڼ룬ϴ죬µġеһУ׹Ŀٵأң¶
Ҷη壬޵УǳַֽһسĵӡԼѪ֮С
ɵӡӲԣɨһ赲ݺᣬֲ
һħӡѪУԿڹͷϣǿ
գҶһХϼ⣬ʥǵأһȭ񷣬Ľٹ⡣
䣡
ٱ飬ҶſڳХ޾׹ڣһƬ貣һͨɢ⡣
һ̣ƬʥƵʮء
߾ʥ˹أһӣסʿ콾ꪳɳǧź
ʥվһ΢޷ؿ⣬ʵֲࡣ
һǽʵɱ䣬֤Ľݣʵ
ĳ˵ʥʥѾֽȻͬˡ
ۣǾŵڷʥԵһķɡ
Ҷ㣬δʥ֮ǰնɱʥģبδУҲ
УҶȻ׿һۣţѹ졣
ɹˣ
ǺͻƽǼĻҶȥ
ʧǿջָƽֻʯСҶлΪ˽ٻңˡ
ӫҲӿݣķѣй֮۵Ϣسɽٻҡ
Щ㵽ҲĿٵشб飬޷ٴ͸Ӱˡ
ٽʧԵӰҲ𽥼ʧ
ҶϢһӱ˺գ̽ǵأֱӽץ˹
ʥˣڳʥˣ
ڸˣȻԼѾҶǰɵô󾪡
㡭
ҶĿ⾪ɲΪԼȻ޷ҶΪˡ
߾۷壡
Ҷɻ΢Ц˵
˲ʯոͻƵ߾ȻѾ߾۷ˣҲֲ̫˰ɣ

ȸһеĹؼҶѹƵ̫ˣĴųأĳɹġ
ɣĿ꣬򣡡
Ҷûжôͼֱ̨ͽ˺գ޺նȥ
˿̣һƬȻ۷׷ס
Xֱֹˡ
Ǹ˵ǲʧʮҶ
ӦҶӣ֮У
ؼʱ̵ӣΪʲôûֱ

ҲɻǳʧȥϵܵõյĽ
ģôûˣսһȭ޴ʾˣ׼ɽ֮Ҷвʣ뿴Ҷɹɽ٣ǿƹ
ҹڵҲ൱ֻĬĬΪҶϣ˳ɽ١
һĻ˾ͽˮܰǧǧҶĻжͨˡ
׵ȥշ磬һжָ
ٵֱ޷Ҷ뿪ʮ꣬ô٣
һ򲽽ҶҲˣٻص򣡡
ʱҲع϶Ƕɽ֮˾Ҷǧ磬Ƶ̫ˡ
ңΪǾҶҲ޷ܶɵĹ٣ɡ
ˣҵһλϵһʱ鳤ϵˣѯǷԭƻ£ԼĲ²Ҳ
鳤Ƭ̣һ˿ͷһв䣬ռƻ¡
ʵϣҲǣȴϷֿɵõİλ
ıôãҼκҲ赲ĽŲ
޼ռƻ£
ܿ죬鳤޼ͨ˵绰֪ͨԶˡ
µ绰޼̵Цˡ
ѶǵӰǲҶη塣
ΪҲΪǿҶľ˲ܶɹ٣رɽٻңٲ
ɱ󽵷ԪˣΪԼãܽһɱ֮Ծ󻼡
Ҷ껣ڻɱȵȨ˳̵ֶ֮νɱѪϴҶңҶڻĳ
Ϲһĺܲң
޼Цˣ¶Ұ׵ݣѪħһ㣬۾Ĺâһһȥ
٣ͲͽôЦҲ׼Ǿ˾ҶҼҶС
ϹµȻĴ룿޼׹ʢ
޼㲻ú
ԪһԼƻ񻯣ǿǰ
֪
޼һһƻӳմӡֱ֣ӽķɳȥǽڲ֪˶ٸ̱ڵϣһ࣬Ҳˡ
ѡ񣬳
޼ɨ˲Բҹһۣŵ˵
λξ壡
ԲΡΡվȻһЦϹͷҲˣҪҳ
ǺãҾͳȫ㣡
޼Цһӡһնâ絶ֱ˲Բľ׵ͷ­ڵϣԶ
ꡭ
Բֱǻ׸ߵѪͬһѪꡣ
ȻֱѪ羡ȻһĹب޼֮䡣


1961 ٵ
Բ
ŭģһѪ˫Բ۽Ѫ䡣
սĺѾˣбݡ
飡
޼һ߳Բͷʬɵȥʱķѡ
أ޼ָָߵҹʣѡ񣡡

ҹ쳤Цˮ䣬вϵѪ
ЦϣȻϲѾˣܶȪ·ϣܹͬУ໥֮ҲиӦɣүүʹ죬ĥ˵ģǺú
ƫ
޼ĵ뵱ӢۣҾƫԸ
䣬һƻӳȵԪһֻƣֱӽķɳȥԪһá
ȿȡ
ҹʿȳڴѪ˻Ƶ˵аʣһϾ
ۣһħͻ˴˵еľ磿ŭ
ʥˣ㱯ˣʲôأԼסкʸң
޼̵Цţǰ̧Ȼ£ֱӽϥǲȵñ飬СȷɱųȥѪȪһ㣬̶
ͷ亹ܣȴɱ䣬
аʡ
Ҷ껴УȻ޷ӳʵҲ޼ȥ
Ȼһȴͽ͵ģ޼һֱ㽫ɳȥײһƬΡ

⣬ҶͻȻоľƺʲôõڷжʱһ
ߣ
ҶĴȥһ㣬㷢֣ڴܲص۽֯ɵɱ
ǵعɵɱ󣬷ǳֲ߾ǿ߱رɱɱǣвҲп䡣
̫ˣ
Ҷò̾ûн֮ǰûȻأȻ󷨸ʥµκǿߡ
Ȼγɵɱ󣬴ص־Ƿǳصĵ
Ƶ˫ԿɱıʣعȻγɵɱܹ͵ۼɱ
δʥ֮ǰܹ򣬻ᱻų⡣
ǳʥ֮󣬿µҲĳЩܹƺ⣬ôʥʥ׼ۣۡΪûһἰΪǣ
ϤϢ
ڴʱҶϵͻǹе˲ιͬʱоϢϤ
ȻϤˣǾǴ߳ȥģҲؼˡҶЦ˵
ޣؼҿ
˲ιĻȴ֪Ҷǵĺʲô
УС㣬֪ʲôǻؼҡƲ죬
ǣûмң㵱Ȼ֪ʲôǻؼˡ˿ãͺǴ
С˶ӣҸа壿ŲҰֱӽɱȥʵ飿ǵۣһҪӽɱӡ
Ҳ㣬ҵļңɱǲ˺ҵġͯ˵
٣С˶ӣɾ㣡
һ취ҲûУҲû潫ӽɱС
Ϊ˱Ǽ죬ҶֻýҲսǹУ˲ιչ
Ȼǿʼ󣬰ǴͷҶϺ󣬿ȸͻƽС
ǰͻȻɫһ䣬ãжˣ
Ҷһһӣֱӽץһ˳ɱ
ô£Ҷѯʵ
Ź֣Ӳ򣬽ɱеĵġܲų⣬ӲĻٵŹǵġ
£ҿ緢֣򼴱ܹȥҲǻء
գǾҶ·ǽ󣬹ͬĹġ̵ۡ
ٴνɱҶſĸӦһصĵ۽֯һž޴򱣻ڡ
ͬʱҲǻ»άɱת
һ޾ǿµǻ»ȴֻмһֲܵˡ
ǵԪϡʿѵҪԭɣ
ǣҲɱ󣬰Ҳɱ
Ȼɱ󱣻˵򲻱ǿϮţҲǻ»µԪϡ˵߾ʥˣԪ˴˵еľ磬ͻơ
꣡
һص۱Ҷġų˼֡
ú󣬰ǺͻƽҲ׷һġµۣԼǰ
һ߸һ߼ѵɱдУ˿
ڼ䣬ǳߣ˵عġ˵ۣȻɱ־
ԽӽҶоԽòľһ㲻Ӱ
ѵвõ鷢Ҷƽ
£ٶȥ
ҶСӣҪģٴҲõ֮˵ʱ˷塣ǿҶߺȵ
仰ඥʱҶѹ
ٵҲûã羲ٸǰء
뵽ҶͶȥмһۣһǿԼ׵һ״̬
˵ѾͻƳʥӦ˲Ŷԣֻǹңǣ̫࣬Żݵķ
ʼ԰֡
ٺ١
޼Ц˵ϼһ㵹ͦӲҵҪӲʲôʱ򡣡
˿̣ǰ˫ѷϣ̵ֶһȳ࣬ʹܳܵġ
Ȼ֮ǰ޷ıȶһȵʱҽһ֮󣬾Ҳûнһ亹죬ȴޱȡ

޼Ȼ֣ұֱ˺קϣɲ
Ұ޼̵ЦҾ͸һʹ죬ʡ

شһѪˮ
ϲģ
޼ŭ絶նһ˵ࡣ
ͬʱҶѵĸڴ˴еɱ󣬳׽ڵϿա
ˢ
һɲǣԼʶų򣬸ӦԼ˵λá
ڷųʶһ˲䣬ӦСϢǵ϶ǿߵϢ
ྩ
ڻྩķӦһǿϢԪʿ
ͬʱҲӦʦϢ͸Ҷ껵Ϣ⻹΢Ϣ㱻Թȥ
ΪϢ̫΢ˣͨ˻Ҫ΢ϢȴӦϤĸо
ߣ
Ҷҵչ׷ǲһѾٵྩʼ԰Ͽա
϶㲻ͽô㵹
ʼ԰У޼δӦҶ޵һЦţѾƹâ貣ͬĥһ㣬ҪĽļգ


1962 ˣ
ס֣
Ҷ״ŭ죬һȣԳ档
عγ˲佫޼á
ô£
޼ͷ类һѣһŨҵĿ־ĵ㺮
ˢ
ǰһ޼ɢһĻ
еľ˻ǰɢſֲѹoٳ
Ϥ
Ҷ
⡭ôܣ
޼
ΪˣҶ̫ϤˣجΡ
ղţڽҶڣҶسǰ׹ߡ
޼ͫ޷Ŵ󣬾ֵ˼㣬һֱۣȥ

칫¥ǰаʵѪУ˿
˿̣֫նѪģ·մѪˮ̳һҲ̶á
ⱯҵһĻҶȦʱˣӿɱ⡣
ûһ̣Ѫɱˣ
ɱྩų¶轵ٺ
ͬʱҶҲҶȫˣһֵĵܣ
𾪡ϲš
ʱ˿̣һеԶԵ԰ףǸӵ顣
𣿡
ǲţ
ʮˣζټҶ
ʮ˼ʮΣʮĵȴ
Ȼ
ҶվǰʱȴԥˡˣԼ۾
ʦ
ҶϢ棬һѪеаʡ
һ
ͨ
ʦʦСˣ
Ҷ˫ϥҵأѪУǰһϢ絶ʡ
Զǳ𾪡
Ҷ˭
УҶʥˣԪɺԣԪǴ˵ǣһĴڡ
Ȼ
˿̣ȴѪۣһ˴ǰ棡
ˣ
𺳣˿̵ҶҶѪ⣬塣
Ȼʥնϵ飡
С
عⷵգϸֳĺΣ¶οЦݡ
Ҷƽǣҡ
޺ˣ
ʦ
ҶʣгΣԼܹһĻҾͲᷢ
ȻҾѾ˵ʲôѾˡ
ȻһˣôѾѾȥҶȻϡ
κβҾٷԼ˺ϡ
ܵʹ࣬ҪӱǣңûҪˣҶ֣ģһ仰ҵˡ
ˣ²˳٣ȸ˰ɡȸѵ
ҺͿˣʦ֣ȸˣ
Ҷŭɱǣһʱ侹ȻȸаˣȸѲŻȻ
аһߣҶҵ飬ǿűʹִһƬ͵ʥ⣬֡
ʥĴ֮ϸ괺磬ϸ
ٵأʼ
ھʥ£а⣬Ҷ껺Ԫҹ˲临ԭ
ѵĹͷѵิԭԭĳ氵ڲ֪ʧˡ
а̫أ֫ϣ٣ʱֻʱȶƣ񻯣Ҫ׸ԭҪñ֫С
Ҷ˵ѡ

һϺȣҶʩչʥΪа쾭
˲ԡ

ųƲ£ֻʣһξѪж컯֮
аϣ˲ϵ֫Ѫؾۣ
޼ǡÿһĻʱûɥһȵҺ˫ȼɧζ
ˣ
û
ֱӱˣ
컯֫Ǻεȵʵ
֪֪ҵĴûļأ
еֶΣ
ʵڳܲǿҵĴ̼һۣٴαȥ
Ҷ껵ҲˣҶĿг𺳡
ǿҶֱչ񼣣ʱһ֫Ѫؾۣⲻʲô
ΨаɫƽΪ⡣
ǿ̫ˣֶζûУͲҶˡ
ӺаѪؾۣ׸ԭ
Ѫȣʢ·һʮ꣬߰׵ͷٴתڣɢŹ
ʦСС
һħŮӰ֣һ˼ĿҶ
һֱæµûпֱҲ뿴аܷ˳ĽҶ껾ȳȴû뵽ῴһĻ
С̡ҶӭȥпΡ
һʮ꣡
С𣿡
ǴоѣǻǲţվǰoһҶ
ңСҶ˵
ǡǴǴصĻǻʾǸɽٵ㣿Ԫ𾪵ʵ
ǿˣ
ҶԾΪû֪أû뵽ĿƼ˷Ȼ׽ɽٵĳ档
ô˵Ǹɽ֮ˣϲ
ȻҶûп϶ĳϣѯʵĻУ˻֪ˣǶɽ֮˱Ȼ
񱩵٣أȻˣѹֻǿ
ʲôʲôǣʲô٣ɻСӦø˲Ŷԣػʲô£
Լɣ
Ҷٴΰť޴ʾϳҶĳ棬ȫ
ǲ֪ƵѾȫֱˣ˾޴ĺ䶯
ȻҶѾһΣٴοԾɱˡ
ҶһӫĻϿԼɽٵ󣬲ɵúգΡ
Ƶܿ㲥ˣɳУþòƽ
Ǹҵţ
ʱ򣬳Ҳע⵽˻ڵϵ޼޺޵ʵ
˵еԪǿߡԪһ˵
ʲô£Ҷѯʣֻ˽֪ԭ
ġ
ȥ˵һ飬мҲһЩ֪ϸڡ
ϮҪʱ٣սǿƳȨλԲĴ󼴽ֹͣת
һ׮׮һҵΪ񹲷ߣ˷ָ
ң
Ҷŭ죬ʥԣɢĿֲϢ
ѪծѪչҽڣ
Ҷŭڣȣ쳹أϴ죬µġ
£Ȯ
¡¡
ʥģиУһף׳
ʥһŭѪǧʬ
׵޼鳤ȴô׵Ľɱ
Ϊ̫ˡ
һը죬ٴν޼ѡ
һĻĵѣɢ
֪ˣһжˣζٲпϳԶʧΪʷ
Ϳ־ռ޷˼˴֮С
ء
һӶǿװɫŵЦݡ
Ҷˣֽ߸ȨƿУ綼ǽ¡
ҽ£Ϊµһ塣
һУ޼ģǶ޼ݵ˼㡣
ֱڻǶٵǸҶˣͱ֮Ժˡ
ྩҲ׼ţһʱ죬̷䣬λȨҶγ
˿ûʶѼͷ


1963 Ҷ֮ŭ
У
һ飬;аӡ
ҶԸ
Ҷһչǵأ˲鲼ȫ
ֻҪˣڵκν䣬޷ӹĸӦ
һʮٸǧ
ˢ
ˢ
ˢ

һ̡
ҶҳԱ󣬴һӣգ鳤ڵгԱһȫ
һҲûŹ˼Ȯ




һʱ䣬ʼ԰ΪҳԱ

鳤ڣҳԱһ±ƣǻ㱣֪ʲô
С
ͬʱҶڻʼ԰֣ȴһѽԶȫԪ˵һױˣ
ô
ǵģ
˵񼣣
һֻӳգԶֱӾʲô
벽Ԫаʶ𾪵Ըӣˣ
޷ҶֶͨΣԶ޷һΪǸͲһˡ
ʲô
ЩҵǿĪͲ֪ʲô£ֻǰһڣһ޴ޱȵֱӽСһ˹
Ǿˣ
־壬֮ӣ׹ߡ
ΪǿһӦóֵվǰ
Ҷһ㣬ǣޱȣ˿顣
ȸͻƽչֳ壬oңȻʥѹȴͬһ˿־塣
Ӧ˴ҲվһԣŭĿӡ
Ϊ޼̱ڵϣ֪ʪһƬȻˡ
ô£
ȫɵˣֺ;ÿ˵ͷ
ɸ¥һ̤յĸоǸεѣɥ
ڲǰǻΪҾָտɴʵȴһŴƶ߽ʮ˲
־޴úܶǲֱӱˣСʧʺ
Ҷ絶ɢɱһɱ񣬸ǣĵңճ
飡
ϵĻһҵϵȻըѪɽ


ֲһĻĵѣð
ۡ
ܶǰһڣһѪֱӱǰѪȵһĻˡ
⡭ⲻģ
һǻþ
ҳԱŵҽ־嵽˼㡣
þ
顪
һ죬һҳԱըѣɢ

ħħ
ٴ𣬲ҳԱŵ̱ڵأʧС
һЩǼᶨҳԱ֪һжˣ
̹ҶѪ飬ɱȻһ壬һһ塣
ӽҿҪϳˣ
ħԼʲô£׵
аԽ˵Խ޲Զ֣ɱ˲ʹ졣
ʦߣ׼
еŭҶ˵
ͨҽ֪ŭйĻܻܿ˼
飬
ȳֵĲаʣԪȻˣȴ˿Ӱʵķӡ
˻
һ˺ѵĽһϼ˺ˣѪһһȾͬɱһ㡣
ţ֣ɷȭޱߣֱӽһ̫ϳϺˡ
绢ȺɱѪ͸ð̱ǵѪζɧζŻ
þûɱˣе㲻ϰߣ
Ԫһ߿вһɱһѪ·һߴЦ˵
ʵǿȫҶֻ¾ԣ˵İȫ
ȻҪйǷйʲô
Ҳ
ҹʵĻ٣ȴ֮һذ綾ߵÿγһͷ­
ң
һֱĺħŮĻᣬһһһҵĵϸǿ߶һ˶ΣֶμѪȡ̡
Ѫɺӣʼ԰̲ȾմѪ飬໨ͷ϶ŵѪ
һѪ۵СϪѶȥûһȫʬûΪͨ಻⡣
ۣ
ۣ

һѪţ޵Ŀģתۼֶʮʬ塣
ħǶħ
˳ױˣ˿֮ϣȴɸıˡնɱ
һйϵӴ壬˼һߣӤһ⡣
һ˶Ͼ
ûⶼҵģӦõĳͷ
ǲôбǲȥǺҶйصˣô֮
ҶûֹҲûг֣Լǰչ¶Լ̵һ档
еһеɣ
ۿͣҶɨһһֱӱѪʬ޴棬ɿա
˭˭
һɱ¾ʢ磡
ɱЩˣһʻ
СˣЩ沢ûҪɱˣҶҲЩȥˣȰ
񾡣
Ҷû˿ҡѾƽ˿ûбɱ¾Ⱦꡣ
ٵϴѾ᲻ɴݣûκζܹӰ졣
ˣɣȸ˵
ã
Ҷס
õҶͬ⣬ȸ֣쵶գֱӽʣǧնࡣ
һĻٴ𾪣
Ѫζ̫Ũˣʼ԰зʬѪƯ֣ŻѪζ
˰ɣҶ
ƽһһƬƽֱӽʬճޣضճһԲ׵Ĵһˡ
ˣ½ˣͬǻһȫ
鳤޼ɵˣʺ˳ſѬ졣
֮֮
½ˣֻš
⻹Ҷǵͱŭаʵ˺Ƭˡ
ֵˣ
ҶֱӴ̼鳤ĴԣȻѹ
㡭
鳤־ĹâҪˣҪߣȴԼʲôҲˣɱ
İɣҲô׾ɱǡʹ˵ֱĽѣôô׾ͽѣ
Ҷ¶ЦݣȻЦ鳤ȴ΢Ц
꣡
Ҷָһʥ鳤üģ۾־Ĺâ
ģⲻɱ㣬Ҳƻܣֻĸйǿһж÷ǳУź棬ô
Ҷ΢Цţȴޱȡ


1964 пĳͷ


ǿգʤ
һϣ
ͷ󣬵ȴúܶǿŷɥ
ΪϳȺӣԣ궼ܿɡ
ҶͰǿ˵ʱǶɵֻʣһ߰׹ǡ
ҶԮʱɡ
ɼĿֲ֮
Ϊ鳤עһǿйٵʥ֮Ҷʥûֻϣ糱ˮӿϣ˲佫û

ҸйٱŴǧ

ʹ顢鳤̲סҺ
ʵϣҶûϵһ̣ѾˣҶ£ιȥҲֻʹࡣ
ϵĸͷСֻͨоϵңϲ궴鳤ϳǵ԰
ϣÿһֻѰ׶ЩûѰֻϴ򶴡
һʱ䣬ѪɣֻϵĹͬŬ£鳤˲õľͷһ㣬ǧٿס

ҽдЦԵ鳤ĽѾǷ˼˻ɣһôܻᷢĽ
Ҷ˿ΪɫƽĮĵʱ䣬Żʮ
ʱ䷨˸鳤ΧγһƬص֮ڣʱٷʮʹȴɡ
໡
鳤ĲҽѾǿС۾УȫڽѪ͸ȫ
ҰɣҴˡ
鳤İ˵ʹƫƫá
ǿĸйɷŴʹУͨ˿ͻȥˡ
ȻʵǿҲǿŲֻܱĳַ˵ʹࡣ
㣿
Ҷ䣬һص֮ǰĹҵ˺ѣģ̫ˣ
úõɣ֮㣡
Ҷܱ䣬·ӾĵظдŲ̵ɱ⣡
ģˣ鳤޷
Ƭ֮鳤˫Ѿɵֻʣɭɭ׹ǣϸָǶʳ˸ɾ
Ҷʱ䷨Ŀ£йϵʱʮŻ·Ѿ졣
ֲǣܹܵԼڿɺеʹ
໰ɱҰɣɱң
ĽѾȫ֮֮ëȻ
һ̣Ȼ˳ྩʱǶôĲһ緢ǿҶɱ
òң
һ֮ززϵһ̣ëȻĸо·뵽Լֲֿ
ֱӶߣּܲ޿ֲ
һֵİǶе־壬ɼ鳤ʹ࣡
ʮŻʱ£ǿĸйٴ̼鳤ܾ˷˵ʹ࣬ԹѪ⡣
ȫˣֻ껹ڲ
㡭㲻ú
鳤귢񶾵䣬µʿмɱ
شĽؾ֮ű֡
鳤ϲ񶾣й
ʱѾȫģҶ
Ȼ
עͽ͵ģҶѾԽ˵ķ롣
ΪֲٵϴѰκá
ˣ
ʥ˸Ҷʥԣ֮˲䱻ȼճɻҽ
ߣ
ҶһɻϿʼ꣡
һŻϵĿС鳤겻ϵķֲİͷƤ顣
ʱ鳤ɿգϳ׿ɸɾ
һֵˣ
Ҷתһ͵޼ϴűЦݡ
Ĵ̼޼˲Ӵѹ˻ħħ
ž
ҶһƳȥֱӽ޼ԭת˰Ȧ׵ϸߣŴѪݡ
ģֶͬΣҾϣ㣬ôҲҪһЩķôҶ뵽֮ǰĲͲףɱȻ
⣡
ͬħһҶ޼ֱ£ֹ
һθܵʲôǷĿ־塣
û뵽Լһ䵽˾ء
ΪޣΪ⣬׸һ㷴ûУ
꣡
һҵʥ޼üģ

޼Һ⾪֣
֪жôֲǿĸָй٣һ̼ᱻŴ
Ҷеȴ鳤üĵĸǿȻЧǿ
򱶸й٣
Ҷ˵ţȻָһһֲ˲޼ڡ
̫ǿȴĸʴ޼Ѫ⣬ĿԼ帯á
ʬ

˵ĲҺ޼ҵʹʹȾΣ˫ۼҪͻˣۿѪ˿
󣬽âһƺɫѪҺ޼ʶ£鱬飡
ʱ䣬ٱŻ
Ҷƿʱ䷨ʱһķΧڣԳ棡
δ𣡡
޼ָȱʴʬˮ
໡
޼ҰްĲҺ˶ھΣֲʹǿ궼ս
Ҹʹ죬ɱҡɱң
޼϶Ĳҽź޵仰еϤƺڲǰ
ʹ죿Ҷޱ飬˵
򱶷Ŵĸй٣ϰٱŻʱ٣޼
ֿԼһĸãʬˮĸоɢ
Ȼ
ûҶֲֻܳʹ
˵鳤ʮ˲ĵɽ͹ôڰǵ
ʹȣܹϿɶ鳤ֱҸ˼㣡
һӺ޼֫ȫΪʬˮͷû£˷·һ
ء
ѾȫˣֻŻ
һ̣ĳ˻ںޡ
ϧں̫ˣ
ʱ󡭡
޼ȫΪʬˮֻʣ°ͷ­һѳֵɶݡ
ȻҶУȻֶͨҲûãӲҶġ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҷ΢Ц˵ոǲǿθ˶ѣǴͣ׼𣿡

޼꾪ֵĲҽУһ⣬ƴԱꡣ
Ȼ
ûҶԸ
꣡
һҶָܳɵ޼·Ŀ
ںҵĿֲܣֱӷꡣ
໡
޼귢ҰްĿֲ˻Ҫȴ
һ̣ųףԼĴ
Ŀ꣬ʹҶЩס˵ˡ
Ҷһӽ޼ճޡ޼˵ֱǽѡ
ɱң㣬ɱңɱң
ħ㲻ú
СʱʱŻٱ£൱ڶʮһ죬޼겻ϱգͷǷһ㣬һҶɱһҶ
Сʱ޼곹ױճɿգ
һ๼õӦеĳͷ

Ҷյָһָâգɽˮر飬ӵĨ
ۣ֮
ңΪʷ




1965 
𺳣
ǰδе𺳣
˶Ҷֶͨγ𺳣þòƽ
ˣңҲܷŹȻعҶ˵
ûҵ֧֣ѾˣͲҪɱˡԪȰ
Ϊʿɱ̫ͣҶԺûкô
İɣзִ磡
ҶտȻŵ˵һֱ֣ӽྩĺԺһ
䣡
̳һɫĺԺҵʼ԰ֶ𶯡
ۡ
˶ͻľÿѪһƬвˤˡ
ô£
ȫ±ˣԼլôƾճڻʼ԰С
漴Ǳ㿴ҶҶ껵˳ǰ
⡭
һʱ䣬Ǵһ㣬ôĿɿڴؿţ
һ룬룬롭
ӹҼŻع
ΪȨĵλߣ̶̺֪ͣǰһζʲô
֮֮ǰֱҶ
½˻عһ˶Ҷ
Ҷ
Ļ£е˶˹Ȼ뵽ֱĻ棬һҹլƾհᵽ˻ʼ԰Ͽգһͬ׹˱ѣͷһ䣡
ǰŲźҴһ£׼ȨһڵҶعˡ
Ѿ壬ȮǾøôã
ҶڿնڿУˡ
ˣ
жӿֳ֡
ۡ
Уһ߸εѣһѪήٵأ
ǸҺܶ൨Сֱӱ
ǵҲŵʺһʱҴԺѬ졣
顭
Ҽ򵹣ϵĿͷǿĵͷѪҲͣ
ַʽĺ

Ҽһ߿ͷһ߲˵֪ˡ
ⶼҵıȣҲġ
Ҽһ壬˸ɸɾֵ̿ǲ뷴Ҳҷֻеļ壬Ĺϼвô죿
𣿡
ҶĮ˵ԩˣ
ҡ
Ҽ״Σֵ̿˼㣬Ѿˣʶʱ񣬿֮Զ¿ͷϴ
飡

飡

ˣȫˣͷĵ죬ѪȾǰש
Ǿȷз⣬Ҷδԩˣ
Ƕζ״ǰҶ˵Ƿʲôֱҳǲˡ
˵ţ¶ɭɭ̵۾̵Ĺ⣬ʱŵ̱ڵء
˭һֻдǶҲԲܵ
ҡ
Ҽͷᣬȫʪ͸ˣͷϸѪ졣
ʲô˵Ҳң
Ķţ׹⣬һĥһſˮƽ

˲㱻С߸εѣɢ
ˡ
ҶҲ൱ͷǣ̫ˣȱڻռȫˣ
ʵϣҲЩӡ
ЩҶǿմθ͵ˣʥѪⶼԹͨﻹ
Чȴĺãһţ˳ױˡ
ԶЧҶϯЧҶң˿ģΥģ𣡡
ҼѪģЧҶ껣ЧҶңҶһʵ߹
ɣ
ҶĮ˵ǲδɴķϣһΣҶҲҪ߹
ҶڣҶҼҼı㣬վУԾƣΪıһó·
óҶһƱسưȫ򣬶ɺٻҶҵ׳
׻˵ūƷ٣ܿҶô񲻱ǿˣ
ȻҶѿƣδԸ
ְ֣Ϊྩɣ
ҶҶ껽顣
ţ
Ҷ껵ͷҶǳӣȷʵʺྩˡ
һ仰㶨ҵˣ
£һߣףȫƲȨø
һ֮ɴ
Խҵĳսˡ
һ䣬ʣµҶ껱ɴҶ׼̶ǰɽάĴ󼴽ֹͣתٵ顣
䣡
𣬻ƽչֳ壬ڿնаɵ·ҫ۵Ľ⡣
ৣ
ҶһѾվڻƽıϣ˻ָ׼ȥ
ڴʱͨѶͻȻˡ
һܺ룬ȫ֪Ĳʮˣǽ¼ϵ
óͨѶĴġ
ѵҪڶô
绰ͷڶǵѪͨѶ֮¶˼־
Ϊĵ½̸Ҷ껵Ĭ£ڳ˵֧£ѾһɵκһӴĵ⡣
ش䣬Ԫӣܶطɽɿɳʯ
ǶһԭʯĲأкܶϿӣش󣬺ܶϿжܿɳ̺ʯʯϡ
ڳ£ԶǣȥռʯĲϡ
ǳ˳гڱߵﶼᱻΪϱд
βɹǳ˳ҲЩˣûдٱڡ
ǵĽ̸ԭֵܣܶྫʯĴٳµͼչģʡһʿ֧
Ȼ
ǵ̸֪ķ䣬ҶҼпܻᱻ
֪Ϣһʱϵĵ鱨ԱȷϢ
Դˣ£Ӿϣռݻĵ硣
ķԱḻһֱǸ½̸ѵһ鵰⡣
ȻҶ껵Ĭ£鵰⣬úܶ½̸ۺ첻ѡ
˴λľ䣬ǵ½̸ˮ¥̨ԼϣֻҪǿĵ硣
Ѭ£˺֣
ҿһֱܾ裬ϴֵƴɱһѪ·
ȻԷĵ̣ӵȥ
ƲѣѪһСӣǱΣŶһ١
սأ˿ڷףΣڵϦ
ѣֻܸ绰ȡ
ңҲ֤һ£Ƿ˾ޱ䡪֮ǰһֱæµչʯ飬ûۿֱţ֪ҶѾ顣

ͨѶдҶƽ޳
û˵ʱʮ꣬һˣ
ҿ㻹ӣ
ڴʱǵ½̸Цų֣ʮӢ½Χм䡣
ԹҵģҲ㣬ֻܺźΪʬˣ
ǵ½̸¶׹⣬΢Ц˵
Σˣ
Ҷ˶ǽ̸·ųӦϢ
㻹ȱôҸ㣬ѾɱаʺħŮḰ󳾣һѾˣҶѱ㻹˭㣿
ǵ½̸һЦĪֱеǸ˵ǰϴˣ̫ˡ
顪
ǵ̸˵ͻȻһһըӡ
ô£
ǵ½̸Щ¿һĻ׷ŵֱð
飡
飡
飡

ûд𰸣
һը죬ΧľӢ׷Աһ⣬״Ҳ̶á
Ҷ١
૿ڣҲǰһĻŵˣǸһҶģ
ȻһˣôϾͲռˣɣ
ҶĻһӡ
һ̡
𾪵ʱһͻأĳֱ֣ӽǡ
¡¡
飬ִһʧˣ
һֱӳǰ
ǡ
ˣ
޷ţԼ˲ͳྩĻʼ԰֣
±еҶһˣʲôſû˵һ֣һһ㣬վԭأһ
߰ɣһȥɽ
Ҷһֱ֣ӳڻƽϣ
໺𡭡
ת˲
ƽСƦһХأһ⣬ɽȥ֪ȷɻ˶ٱ
죬찡
һųһͬǰ׻֯Ա˫ָ߾ͨѶһͨģ˴ƬһСƵ




1966 ʮ˼

ƽһ⣬ڻϿӹ
һӺɽѾңңԿѩ·ɫĹâһѩӭ׺䡣

𣬾ǧѩСƦһβȵؽɽׯ԰ͣƺϣ
үҷˣʲôóԵġúȵģٶ
죡
ƽƶҶһԴϣʱƻˡ
һԣ
Ǵ˵е
ȻƦ࣬˶ľηһӽ˲١
ׯ԰ȥʱ򣬴ׯ԰ӭλɫӡ
һһϮ£Ŵɫ磬ںڵ㷢ɢţӭ裬ħŮ
һһϮȹȻɣ貨ӡ
Ȼ˷θ죬ȴͬɢഺĻ͹˼
ǲǱˣܰ˾ͽˮ
Ҷ磡
ҶҶ
ҶһɲǣλɫӶȻֹס˽Ųһ𾪺Ͳš
ͬʱ˼ˮͶ֣Ҷȥ
ܰˮ
ҶҲǳſ˫ۣһֱӳǰԳһչֱӽŮڻС
ҲڵЩ꣬ίˣҶḧŮ㷢ε˵
ܰ˾ͽˮΡ
Ҷ磬Ϊ㲻ˣ֮ǰֱп㼤ѣ˾ͽˮᣬ૵ѷȫİˣǰɽѹҶؿڡ
ͺáͺá
ܰڵȵɷؼңرҶظ仰
е˼һ̣ҸˮӿŮ޵滨ꡣ
ء
һƳǺɽȣһͷСţǴׯ԰һܳ
Ҷһɲǣ޴Ȼ𣬶˫۷ų˷ܵĹâֱӴܵҶǰ𣬴צҶϴȥ
߾ĶǣڱǰҰ
һϺȣצһӣֱӽСǰһȥˡ
ء
ߣСȻҲܲԾɸܵѪϵѹֻҶͶȥĿ⡣
ʮˣҲˣҶСǣ޵ĸп
СΨһ飬ȹ˺ܶõʱ⣬˵ѽˡ
ء
СǷ·ҶĻϵҡβһҶ
ɣ
Ҷһ֣˰Ƕѹͬʱ˰һۣ۸𣿡
Уòǲͬ壬Ҹ˻أͻȻ۷̹⣬Ӷˡ
Сĸҳ뱣
˲ݸҡͷʧЦ
С嵭Ů˼黳һ·ׯ԰ȥ
߽ׯ԰ӳһ޴ķ˸ŵĹâ
밲ף;Уͬ˯һ㡣
˲ԼͬͣĿҶ뷨󣬲δ
ʮˣ
һĿռ䣬Ҷи֮߱ʱ䡣
СһǴצһӣֱӽСǾߡ
ͬеߣСû˿ֻùԹԸ档
УҶڲÿһߵѡ
ˡ
ҶʣȦ죬ḧף૵ĵһˣ

ˮϣ˲̣һſʯı裬˸߲ʵĹҶ˿̵ģȴ
ʮˡûڱϣ᲻䡭
Ҷһ㣬еű˼˸еߴᡣ
һʱ䣬챯У
ʥ˵ܹӰ쵽ػģ춼ӦҶŨŨıѩʥѩ衣
У·ʱſ۾һЦ
ԽҶԽǱʹΡ
絶ʣˮģ˫ۣƺ¶ЦݣЦѾʥǿ˻ޱӡ
ģ»ȪҲһȢΪޣҶ֣طġ
飡
ҶСĵƿ׵ĸӣһĺϮȴá
޾Ԫķǳãûжͣ˵ԡ
ţֻѾɢȥˡ
˲ι
ҶٻҩժһöĹӣɽĿУ·¾ĳ˯
ҩڼһɷҷҺ建ڣ˲ɢӳ·һƬʥϼ⡣
һˣֵ𣿡˲ιͯҶʶ
ֵã
Ҷն˵ΪҿԲϧһдֻۣҪܾȻ¸ҵҲϧ
˽
˲ιƺҲжˣͯɵг˳羴֮飡
һö˲ιԱ֤ǧ֮ڶᱣֻԣѾҪˡ
ҵİˣĵ˯ɣңһȻģҶϹ׸ǣһƬˮȥ
˾еתǳˣҶҲʱ˶İ˼һžۡ
ҹҫƬɽȣ
ҶðǽϽ幱׳ȥߵɹʥ⣡
Щǰղصģ׳ʱ۵ֱ£
Χԣȴһʮȫһ̳̳Ƶƣʥǿ߲Źʸȵġ
ǺͻƽСǿչ·ʱһ¥صļ˸ᣬ͵˸⣬˿һӰʮ̳
ཹཡ
Ҷͻƽȸʥ߶ƽ𣬺ܿ죬Ͻеɢ˵
Ҷҩ⣬Ƕһ˲ιϾܾˣ˵ҩҩЧ̫ǿԪǣ鲻ܲ˲ιĻȥǷǱɡ
˲ι˵еô񣬳һöͿ˰շǵܳסҩҩЧС
֪ЩҶֻգһЩҩΪϣһʥ⡣
ʱϽеˣ˴ãڳ⣬Ⱦƣȡ
ٳԵ㣬ˣ
һԴռĻһѣһ߽ѵСǣٳһ㣬˸
аҲ֪˵ʵǵΪ˵ȷ˶ʳб֮Σ
̫ݳˣ
һ߳һ죬ԹҶĴͣʥҲѳԵȴһȺԪķ˸ˡ
ƦͿȸҶ̫̫ݳˣ
ǾЩʵʳܻǴ
գһϽⱻʳ˸ɾûʣ¡
ΪҲҶǿŵеõҺ
ڼ䣬ҶæµһҪΪԪ˽еľųɾŲŸǷʳãʥѪôóԵģƾǵΪһȥԳűˡ
ˣԹãɷ׷ͻƣȵľëһ㡣
䣡
аͻƣǰ벽ԪǿߣõʥѪ֮ɵıͻˡ
ԪҹʵҲ׷ͻơ
Сǣ򱻰Ǵˣ˵ҪѪȥ壬ͬʱΪͻƣ
ҺҲҪͻˡ
ܰ߹糺죬˫ˮһ㣬תﻹߡ


1967 
ҹʣ
ɽׯ԰ڣ˷׷ͻƣ
ܰˮ۲תﻹߡ
Ϊ㻤
Ҷ岻ݴǣԳһ죬͹Ľڻһ˲ԭʧ
ɽׯ԰зܶ࣬װ޼ԼţԴ
Ҷѡһֲ·󣬸Ϣ£˷Ԫ
ٱһ
ܰҶؿڣ糺죬˵
ȳأΪ㻤
ҶĶͷһ£
ܰҲ֪ڲ´ʱԾ뿪ҶĻϥϣ۹۱ǣǹģ붨ʼ׼ء
Һʥ⣬˿̣ȫȣٲصĻȵľ˷ˡ
¡ɣ
ܰоԼ·һɽһ㣬籡糤ӣϢ
ȥȵ
䣡
ȵŭΣֱ죬˲߽ս񾳽硣
ܰȣ
Ϊʿ֪֮·ļ벻ס
ڵԶԪѷĻУÿһͻƶҪʱĻ
ҪһЩĳɷڣпܳسɹ
нս񾳲ã⻹⣬Զ˸ԭ
Ȼһٷȴƹأ߽ս񾳽硣
ңȵɷǳǿʢƺ֮ơ
ܰһҧȵս񾳵
һðյĳԣȴġ
Ҷߣη壡
羪İһδγս񾳡
ʧˣ
ʧܣ

ܰ٣һʮΣս񾳵ıѾɶʱƹض롣
ͣ΢ϢƬ̣һ
һΡΡʮΡ
ʮ˴Ρ
䣡
񱩵ˮƵ̰ӣһкǧ˶ս񾳣
ɹˣ
ܰϲ
нսһ붥ս񾳣
أˣ

ܰͶ֣ĽһҶУ˫¶纣飬鲻ԽԼ㴽
ƣ㰵ȣ
˿̣һеԶǶġ
˵࣬׹ػһʰ
ܰȣŮһ㣬زҶ˫ճ죬˫ʵˮ
֪ѡ̹·ڵϣ
·׿Ϫˮ
鳲
һҴɫزס˵
صĴϢǳڷлص֯ԭʼ¡

ܰ˻ƵĵӰһ𣬵ࡣ
ҶϵһһΣƺҪʮ˼ͷų
ܰ֫צһ㣬ĲҶϣ͵ĳϵķ͵ĵ
˼϶˺ˮžӨĹ
ܰȫ죬һһʵϼֵ۷壬ʮ˼ʹһԵͷų죡
һΡΡΡ
ֱܰߵģҶһκµĳԼĸ¶
ףϼ
ˣ
ƽӵŽߡ

֤ʵǶɽ֮ǻҶ
ٵ󣬴һӣսгԱץྩҹլȫԱʼ԰ֶ֣֮Σ
壬һɱˣ˭˭
ǰɽ
ķ룬һĴڣ

ͬʱ
λһ֪վһƪӣȻ󲨣
ԣϸҶڻʼ԰дչȫ
УҶ·ܵһӣ㽫Զǧ֮һȫץ
ң˭˭һɨȥƬֱӱ飬ʬ޴档
ڣȫ䶯
޻̸֮
Сӣ
˵ֵܣܴ
ͳɣţ˰

Ӹշʱǲţ׷ɡ
Ȼ
ܿ죬λ˰Ҷ˳뿪ʱƬƵ˳
찡
ϵۣԭ
Ҷĳ𣿣
ƬһСƵʱӵĺ䶯Գֱڣ
ʯĿ࣡
Ҫˣ
˵Ŀͣһ㲻ϵڳ鴤
רҵıϣЩƬƵģҲζҶĹˣȫֵƽ⽫ᱻ״ơ
Уҵȥģ̽̽򡣡
գסˣ̰׼רģȥ
޶ż˵Ҳͬ˼רģҶ˳̽̽Ŀڷ硣
Ӹλǣǳ˾Ϻֵ꣬ı仯ӵо˵ԤС
Ƕͬʱ˹塢ƽ塢塢˼峤Ҳ׷׶ǰġ
ùŷŵһŷҲסˣüëĸġ
鱨ϢǱȸ˻Ҫ׼ᵽһΣյϢʱϵĻѾͲԶˡ
Ƕ˼峤ˣܵñӶ졣
ǲҲ죬ΪǾ뻪̫ˣҶǣֻһ仰Ǳһ׳Ϊʷ
һʱ䣬ȫ䶯ĵ˷׷׸ģȥҶʾףأ̽һ̽Ŀڷ硣
պ󡭡

˼峤



ȫȺûҽɻֱӿɽ򣬶Χͣͽɽׯ԰Ҷ
ǿڵҶǻųʥ̬
Ҷɽׯ԰еһнӼǡ
ȻȷҶˣۿԼǰ컹Ǳˡ
ҶϻվŻƽͿȸһﻯΣʥԣoһ㣬Ҷеĸأ˼Ĵۣ
ݼҶ񣡡
Ҳ֪˭ϸҶ˸Ҷĳƺţܶ˶úܺʣ˿ҲƺţҶΰݣǳ
Ƿ׷׿ڣҰģͼ߸ĸֵΪǿҵǴ𣬿ʷ
ͬʱ׵ʾ˳ʹĵ밧˼
٣ǵ̬ⷬӮҶһ˿øС
ȻˣҶľǲݸĵġ
лһ͹ˣûмڵıҪˡ
ȫһͳ
е룬ܶζ볹ȫȻȴûԸ
ҶǶߣֻΪ£ΪԼƬ¡
ǵҺҿԸһȷĴ𸴣
Ҷɨһĵˣżɽǿ˵ӽ𣬵ֻлˣȫȫӻĹ
Ҷƺװɣ˵üĽеȨȥԻ˸
ô
ҶĮɨһۣʥ˵ѹʱɢڲԡ
ˣĻͬϰײͬҲͬĽЩȫȡĻܹ𣿡˵˵
뵣ģ
ҶƽĵҸʮʱ䣬ʮ֮ڣȨĽӣҵĻ˵ˣ˭޳ɣ˭ԣ
ҶǿƵʮ¶ɬЦݡ
˭޳ɣ˭ԣ
˭Ҳ޳ɣ˭˸ҷԣ
ҶʱǷ·һ޵еַ壬ǲĳ


1968 ҫ
Ȩ߷׷ȥ
ȨĽ漰¡Ρõȵ򣬴۸ӣ̸ڵϵǱ뾡ȥţԱ֤ʮ˳ȨĽӡ
Σ

һҶ˲㷴֮ġ
ھʵǰκıƶֻһЦ
ʱޣҶҲûǣߵʱһЩҩ
ܲӴ
ʩ֮
֣ͳȫҪϵͳľҰԪɣҲһЩĻС
ƵҶҶ껸ɽׯ԰ѩɽ
ҶԾɾЩʵˡϼ壬һǳǸϺꣿ
ЩȴҶ仰ȫ壬ĸԸĽеȨ֮ǰֱǲģ
ʥɽԹžǼ֮أԪԶطŨ
ظ֮ԪӳӯˣĿеʥء
ѩɽۣ֮ɽҶӿɺ顣
ˣ򸴺
ã
Ҷ껿ȻӦʣѩɽۣ֮֮
ҶΧ¾Ԫ󣬾£˷Ԫվ»γɿֲԪ籩
񣬱Ԫһ
ҶһȣԿֲľ׾˺һľ硣
һƻӳһƬ͵ʥ⣬Ҷ֡
˿̣Ҷ껻ʥ֣һoȵڿѹҺ
Ԫѹµѹ
һʿѹʱвпܱ
Ҷֲľ£ѹ쳣˳Һ壬Ԫ˳ͻƵԪ
Ҷδ֣ͣǼѹԪеųԪΪԺͻƴ˼ʵĻ
Ӵ֣ҶΪϴ跥ëһΣӼ̣˱ըԵ
Ԫô
Ҷվþȣǿ
һ̣оԼɽκʵɰ¡
ֱ˿̣ף޼ΪʲôôǿѾˡ
֣ԭĹ̫ѾˣҸһ칦
˵ţҶ˫â˲Ҷ껵˫ۣһЩǿ似ȫ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ĶҶ껵ʶ˻״̬
úҶѣʶеǿ似
ӿ캧ˣ
Щ似ȵϲ֪˶ٱ
Ӷѩɽ߱ģ˵˺ܶڽĹ滮顣
ҶҪصྩ˺ϲǸĵĴ£ԻΪܶҪ԰š

ҶҲȥ˳һЩԴܹȥʲôѪҶҵѪҺǲʵ
ã
Ҷûоܾ֪ҶΪԼơ
ˢ
Ҷٻ£ƽ˲ǰ۹½財
ҶҶ껸˫˫ƽһХ򶫷ɡ
ϵĶһ־ͽлģϵĶһȺˣǶĴˡ
ƽҲ֪ģ˿̳ɤӺͲͣȫ綼Եǡɤ
죡
ҶӺߣСƦӣɾ˻ռˣ
׸˴Ĳ
Ҷѵһ٣ƽʵƬ̣ʱ̲סûռˡ
ϵĻҳƣľԶҲǿ·ҲҪ¹µһ̡
ĪЦǶ֣ĪʤӢۣ˵ͬк׳־أ
ֺںںֺڣɽˮҲ
ֺںںֺڣҲ赲ұǰ̡
Ҷ̿¶ЦݣƽֱǸ̫ˡ
Ҷ򳹵ѡ׸趼Ǵʷǳߵģÿһ˶ߺ䣬Żļ
ȴһ񡱡
죬һ·УڵգĤ񼣡

ͼ
Ե𣡡
˭˵ͼֻóվұ֤㡣
ġˣ۷׷ף˷ܵ顣
ȴ˶ֻǿеƬƵδ۵üڣͨ˼һĻ档
ྩƽһȻСӰСһɣҶҴԺ䡣
˿̣Ҷѱ˶ҶҴԺеȺྩӰĶ׼еĻƽϵҶӡ
ꡢꡭ
ⲻһƬ
ͼڽҶңҶҺ˲¡
ܶ˶ڸпΪҶҶҵλβɺ׻ģȫ
Ҷ˸ǼۿɻƽĸԸΪҶӿԺ
ΪҶҶˣҶҵĽ
Ҷһ㣬֮ϣʥ⣬뵽ڻ϶ɽٵһĻĻҶҺܶ˶ݿˡ
һǼ˲꣬ǸûйӢΣ
һ˲䣬뵽˺ܶ࡭ܶ࡭
ҶʩһѽоԶĹȫץԼ̵ַϤңϼԴ˳
һѽͬԺһץʼ԰֣չ񼣡
һָԶǧɽˮɨƽء
һ׮׮һһǾף
ȺУɫӣҶĺĸҶ䳰ȷҪҶҶҸϳȥ
ҶҶϵλı˶ҶĿȻʮּʡԼĶӲҶ
ȻʱƣҶҲû˿֮ġ
ҶѾɷֻ֮ǲ֪ĸݻ᲻ҶеʣЩ
ͬĻҶҵĴԱеĴҶҶȴҶطϵΪ
һֱûǣȻ˿̣ȴû˿ɺ֮ģҶǰһֻϣССϡ
ҶԸĻֻҪ͸¶һ˼ԼᱻҶң̵ķȥ

𣬻ƽȵҶҴԺУҶҶ껸֮һΣһ׵ˣ
硭
Ҷ˷ܵӭȥ۾г˳Ժ
ĿеҶҶ׵ĸ硣
ʮҶҲ𽥳죬ٲ֮ǰǸӵܣҲܹһˡ
ȻҶǰǸĵܵܡ
ҶҼҶҶҵЩùǶּΪܳΪҶˣⱲң
˿̣ȫˣôҶĸƳҶҵģҲҶһ߽ҶҴԺʱε䳰ȷ
ھǰǶǽ֢ߡ
ʱףҶѾȣӣҲ˵ʲôүҶԶɽԸ񣬱ػᱻǿѹ塣
ڣҶҶҵҶҵ죡
һĻ̫ʦϵҶԶɽǳο
ңΪԼⱲȷľҶ
ʱҶҶҴԺ⾡䳰ȷ
졣

ҫ棡




1969 ԭʥ
Ҷع飬ܵ˼߹
Ȼ
ûҶҾһЩʣ㷵ɽ
ڶʱ䣬ҶΪҶгԱ޸壬ҶϵĵֽŽվٴ̤֮·
ʮĥ£ʮѣҲӦóˡ
ΪҶҵĶҶԶɽʮԼҶҡ
ҵ̨ˣܶ嶼Ҷô
һʱ䣬Ҷæòɿ
Ҷ껵ͷԺ󶼷ǳͻԪ֮ȻȻɢһȺ׵ʣı

ɽ
ҶҵֵܣĻˣ
һĳХսղ飬һ󼲷磬ңԶɽׯ԰ɡ
ͬʱҹӡɪҲ׷׸
ٴμҶ˶ֻĸо
ʮˣ
ΪⱲҲҶˣû뵽컹ؾۡ
ðֵô
ҶЦֵܣҲһꡣ
Ҿ˵ˣҶӳˣȻֵܣ
սЦˬ˵ֵܹһҪʹĴһ飡
Ǳģ
ҶҲģһ̳̳ǧ𱻰ζɽȡ
ҿʲôƣôôãһҶҪˡ
սԾʵǾмңƶˣɴûмʶ˵ơ
ϻǴǿչų͵ģʥǿ׶Ȳƽĵ˵
Ϊ°˽˺þƣҲ˲٣˿ռ䷨֮󣬱㽫ЩռУ˿̹׳
Һǿ޵⸬ɫ⣬硣
ҶΪǽ⸬еľ˲٣Ƿʳá
ǿ޵⸬ֲ̺ɶʳҶһΪһѵ
ڼ˱ǣⱲܳһٴͣ޹ҲֱֵˣӸп
˰ѾԻֱҹŸɢȥ
ҹʣ˷׷ͻơ
һĻǷ磬Ȼ䶯
ǿͬʱͻƣֱبźС
Ȼɽׯ԰ȴûںΪͼֲˡ
ڽļ죬Ҷ㼣鲼ɽ̻·ƣɽ˼ɾ
ֵʱǶݵģ
ת۱㵽˷ֱʱ̣ҶԼЩһЩóɽׯ԰Ĺ㳡Ϸˡ
һ걦ҩɢŨҩ㣬ȵ
һɢɱǿҲѰ
⻹һЩȪҺǿչ·϶ܱ˴ͷĺ֮
ƪ˵ʶһ׷ǲһǷ
ֶǱľѧԶ磬Ҫ˺·Ķ
ŨıҩϢ
ڴʱǴСǻˣԶᵽ˱ҩϢֱӴСչ׷ǲ˻
ܼҰﰡֱ̫ܼˣ
ǿҶЩʿۺıͱҩָսˣ۵ֱС
ЩսЩΪӵˣֱǱǴġ
ó˴ʯͱҩ֮ҶͻȻ֣Щҩ¶һӵͭ
ˢ
Ҷһͭ˲Уɺܴ鲼ͭ⣬û˿仯
֪Сôˣ
󶦣Ҷɵʯͷ壬Ǹɵ۵СŮ
ʯͷ帲СߣڿҲѾǶޢ껪˰ɣ
˼ΪԽǿԽܸܵ˶Ĳ
ϿֻһͨļͭȻ˿̣ҶȴôΪˡ
󶦹ӴµĲɣ滨桢ǳħ˹Ա
Ҷעһ˶޵׶һ㣬ţ뺣ûκá
ϵʯͷѵžزɣ
Ҷעֱһע˰˳ɣͭ΢΢ųһƬ⣬ϵĿͼ·һ㣬ĺХ
ţ
ҶȣͭԤϣڵʵǴ߶۱û⣬ȴ˰˳ǿ߶𶦡
ˣ
ͭһ貵⣬˲Ʋ񷣬ʧˡ
ͬһʱ䣬۱ؾУһȻ٣ûһʮŮڡ
ŮͻȻȫȣѪҺһ㣬˻֮С
۱һæңΪ
޷ǷһЩ䣬δزǺ£пѪ֮ˡ
߳һԸ˽Ů̧ؾе̨ϣԻɱ䡣
ʲô
ͬʱɽҶһȻ
𶦷ͬһ㣡
ǺƦжϡ
ҶΪȻȻ𶦡
ҶֵܣͷʲôʱҪȥĻ˴ǡ
Ҷ󶦣ս飬ҪҶһ紳һҵ
Ҳȥһȡߵľ磡
ȻʥأҲͬΣգȷҪȥҶʡ
ȷһԼ϶ڵǵΪ²жˣ纣ƾԾɣиĳɳռ䡣˵
Ҫȥ磿
аʴƮƮĸʵ
ʦãǶҶӵս
սӭȥаʼ˵
Ҳд⣡
ס
ҪԶ𣿡
ҶЦãתҲܹ˵˼ĩʱʺ˴ڵ򣬸޷ߵľ硣
ɣʥأ
Ψ²ңһԽţҶϵһЩʾѵĺӶ磬һʥأɺʥطͥ
˵Сڵɽε˼Ȧֵϵ˸ǡ츳ЩӣֻǰԪѷûкõֻܰװ˷˾ѵ츳ǽЩ˴磬ǶؿɿΪ
Ա˿ڶ࣬ǾѵȴѰ
һЩʥطѾ۶δѰĴˣҲ˸ʥ֮ʵβ롣
Դƣ
սͰǳζͶ˿̹Ĵûȣ԰ǵٽͬ
ɣͼ
ɣʲôֺأ
Ҳ׷Ӧıߡ
ˣ
ˣ
׻ˣ
һʱ䣬ɽׯ԰ַǷֱ˳
ã
ƽҡͷЩһһ񶨣ɱ¶˵򣬷򽫻ԴǴԵĺ
ʲôõĽ飿ʡ
ҲϿɻƽ˵һ걻¶ѱЩǿ߲죬Ҷǿû֤֮ǰҲܱȫ
ʥأ磡
ƽͷ˵
У
һݺݱһ
ɣͽԭʥأ
Ҷİ塣
ߣģ
ԭߡʼ
ԭǹŻĵıƣԭߵ¡
ԭķ£ĪҸӣ
ֵõ˵һϿɣаʣԻԸѪ֮顣
պȥ磬ֻҪԭʥأ͵ǻڵû˸ںδ
οҶȡ֣ʾԻĹĻ⣬Ѿֲ
սȥϢѰҺӣݶΪһǧ֮һͬǰ磡
Ҷ˵ţ뵽ϵҫ磬вЩȡ




1970 ڤʥ
ս˷׷ȥɽׯ԰ָյ
Ҷ״žе
ģ»ȪҲһΪ
ţţҶᶨ
ɢѣѣѣ
ǹе˲ιͻȻڣҶ˵ģļУ˴˵еľתۻ굤ʹ˻ؾ⣬ƺһط˸ؾۡ
ʲʲôط
Ҷͻ߾֮ļᶨ˿ԣҲ𣬼æųѯʡ
л꣡
˲ι˵
ʱţָһЩ䡣
ԭļУƺ˴̸һֿɾ˻ǵطֻǶʩҪ̫̣Ҫʱ䡢ֻءַС
بûֹˣطҲʧˡ
Ϊҩ˴۽طıԴԷʧ
ҶĴȻ
ߣ
Ҷдϲæѯ˲ιϸڡ
ȣҪһۻ̨ԾۻʯΪҪϣԾʯϡ
˲ιעл̨Ľ죬ȫҶӡڱԴеʶв
л꣬ҪһڲϣʱԽ̣ɹϣԽ󡣡
˲ιԥһ£ֲİŮѾܾˣͨطлꡣպ޷ƾתۻ굤Գôлҽ
⣡
Ҷͷһ¶˼ʧ
ɢ̫ˣ˲ι˵лҲá
Ȼ޷ͨطȻɾȻ״ʦ
ܿ죬Ҷƽ
Ŀǰתۻ굤ĲѾ룬ֻҩˡ
Ҳ߾ʵս߾޵У̤ȡҩԶˣ
׸ãô˷Ȼ
ƽҶûе飬ֱҵԼ뷨֪չأ
ף㸴ˣ
촽ݺᡣ
ԭΪԼⱲӶˣ˵׻пܸ֮󣬻ûܿסԼ顣

Ҷлͬʱ
ǿչ·磬Ĵ˵
ҶʧУ缸ˣڲ²ȥ
Ҷ
Ҷ޾ǿⱲӶܻˡ
õʱ̻һҲ޺ˣ
һЩҶԹ϶͸˷׷ۣҶ
֮Ը˵ΪҶʧ֮ԺϲͼѰң˶ˣȴ㲻Ҷȥ
ֻֿܣһת
ڶҶȻ㲻ˡ
ԭǲŸķ
ΪҶû
ʱҶһһΣǶΪˣÿһΣ漣ǿƻع飡
ҲΪҶˣǸд˵ˣˣһһ漣עҪ֤ΪһĴۡ
ҶľǶΪɣȴʵ˾תĳǰ
ֽȻ̬ͬȵ۲ݣմ˿ˮ̡

Ҳң˸
ܱߵһռڣһ׹ħڸ
ĸɿݣһվħ֮УŵĿǰ
ǰһԨйħӿǧ򻯡
ͨ˵Ľء
Ȼ
ƺ˿Ӱ졣
˵ǱͺħͬͬԴõħϿɡ
߶ڤɱʥصɱʥܹɱʥǿߣ׼֮޵С
˿̣ȴǳţĵ˫һ˲˲ĽǰԨ
Ϊ
ڤصĴӣڴ˹ӭأ
˵ܹɹ𣿡һɱʥСʵ
죡棬㲻𣿡
Ϊ׵ɱʥɨ˿ڵɱʥһۣɢɱ⡣
ϴҲġһɱʥȰ
棬϶飬ն㣡Ϊ׵ɱʥǳǿơ
Ҳǵģ޲֮⡣Ҳ˵
湦컯Ȼ˳ǾɡΪ׵ɱʥɿüͷ˵
Ӱ£˾ЩҲ˵ʲôˡ
һʱ䣬ħٴһļž
ʵϣĵĲ޵
ʮǰڤʥص֪޽ȴ졪ɴۡҩܻڶ
ҲǸǧѵһţһðյİ취
ᣡ
壬¶һǿı壬ͼַڶ۾
Ϊˣ˴׼ڤɱʥһѡѡγʮλʥӺѡˡ
Щ˶һʱʳȺߣűܵ츳
ɽһˣкѡʥеٮٮߣȻʵܲֻԪΪ̣츳ѣһɳ졣
ǰڵѵ̭ʥմʣһ֮սѡʥӵֹӱ
Ϊʥ֮ڤʥضҪϸÿֹɱԶ־ʹɱļɡ
գڶ̶ʱ䣬ʥҪʮɵһѵڤϲ
Ϊ˾õ߱壬ڤǲϧ۵ԸֱҩΪ塣
ܲڤ溣п֮ܶ
ڤָʾ£ʥӽרΪʥ׼СأСزΪʥӣڤʥִдɱ
Сأ˼壬һڤʥغܶ궼ûܴùˡ
ʥӵҲƽڤʥʥͼ̫ϳϵע£ݵ߽Сء
һ꣬ս걻ѹնƾżǿͦ˹
߳Сصʱ򣬻ɢɱ⣬һʵɱҲɹͻƵ
ڤʥؽ˼ɱ񣬽ɣǴɱʥصʥӡ
ɱʥصʥӣȻҪʥصʥΪĿܸ꣬õĶԼ
ʥӲֹϣ飬ڰĶߣѣһֱһ
ʱмʥصʥʱʧˣʬһʱδ⡣
ЩĪʧٵʥӣȫڤɱʥصʥΪ
նɱ֮Щʥӵͷ­£ʥأΪսƷ
ڤɱʥһרŷɱǿͷ­ΪʥصʥӣִһʥأȻҪղ
µĥȹ˾磬Ĳɱ£Чɱۣɱ֤
Ȼ
ʱڤȲˣѣֻʱѡ˶֣ᡢںϡ
ڤһֱŬᣬ壬Ҫԭ˵곹Ĩɱ
ħеԨıչ֮ԻħԼɹѾ಻ĻѶɹпܻȫԭˡ
һһֱչأɱʥ֮⣬û˸ҽ
죬֮ա
Ƕɹ»ڶ
ͽ£ȫʥӣڽ




1971 µس
ħԨ£ħƷХ˼
һڼ̨ϣϲصħơ
˿̣߳Уڵ໥ɡ
ǲԸģ϶ɹһųҵĻ棬û˵ģƴֿ
֮Ҿ㣬ң޷ֱ˴ˣ飬һ
һϵƶᣬƴҪɣȴʼղԸ
ޣ⻰ƭСԣϷѾʮ꣬ԵαԵķ࣬Ҫƭңʡʡɡ⡣
ϵ꣺
ǧ꣬ǻʯģ˵ʮ꣬ģǰҲС
Ȼ˿̣ȴһеС޸ݺݵıˣԿ
µأҪңұؽĹɱķϵ߳ŭв
㶯֣ں֮ԻˡʧѾõĳµء
ǱҶ칷һӵϵ磬𣬱Ҫ
סаʵȵȣܵȺҪӱ
ִںڤĶԿؼʼûбɹ
ھƣڤǿĶ࣬ҲǿΪ˻òʱòڤίߡ
ڤѹ£𽥱ǿҲսһЩ
Ϊ˸ڤЭ飬ֻҪڤɱҶ㲻ٷĸԸıᡣ
ڤΪˣսıµؼᶨ־ˡ
СӼֱǸ̶ͷ־ᶨÿ£ɺǿѿеĹͷ
ʱɣԼѡ᾿ǶԻǴ
ѾˣãֻȫԸŬɳµص꣬ںϣռ塣
ֻɱһСĸԸĲٵֿȻܾ
ȻʱǶĹؼʱ̣ڤ滹ֻɳӢɱ֣ɱҶ
ȻҶʵꪳɳ顣
֮Ҷ̤ǿչ·Ҳûлˡ
ɱʧܣɱȴ˵Ҷʬ޴棬ûܴͷ
ڤ˷ܲѣֻҪҶܴܲͷ­ѾҪˡ
Ȳ׼ںϣȻȴ⵽˳µļҷгŵ
µسҿʵʩᣬꡣ
ĥͶԿµص𽥳ɳѹԵƣڤ󲿷ֵꡣ
ǳ֮գҲǳµصʤ֮գƾſµ־ڤҲˣõдС
һʱ䣬µʵǣ۷һԾΪ߾۷ǿߣԽһ󾳽硣
ڤѶȹ٣ͻƲδ٣ȴ˿ȶȹֲٵľʥ
ڤ׼Ĳʵɹ֮󣬺пܻᱣԭеľ磬Ҳֵõġ
Ȼ֤׼ҪģµزνţҲܴ
֮ÿ˶ͬ׼۾硣
ˣµȻڤ棬õȫкһֲʵḻսʹɱ飬Ծֹ߾۷壬һ׼۾硣
Ҿǳµػڤ棿Ѻĳµطĸп
գɢžʥѹĵҾңûܸı䣬׼ҲС
ûϳȥǼ糹ȹ̣ڤõĸ似͸

ħƷ󣬳µɫ磬ϸſֲħƣԨ
μ棡
ɱʥͬʱ򵹣ΰݳµء
ǿµؾڤ棬ǵһ
ϲ棬ϲ棬ɹٻһ
ͬ뻮һ·ϰ飬µرʾء
ɣ
µޱĻӻ֣һȵʥɽӿо
Į˵Ҳǵ棬϶ɢˡ
ʲô
һ¶˼飬·һ
ôܣ
ԺΨһͷ
ǲţ湦컯ôܶʧܣأ
½пܣµĮ˵ϵħƽȥ¶һŲ԰׵ӡ
Ϊ׵ɱʥһ˿ĹâȻ棬ǾֳΪ汨𣡡
˵䣬һ֣һȾѪĴ̽綾ţޱȵµʺȥ
ɱʥҲͬʱ֣Ƕȵ꣬µص
Ǵͬ⣬ֻҪɵµأǱڤʥصȨߡ
Ȩʹ˷գҪһٸɵµء
˶ܹɱʥɱʥʵֲ£չɱżһ׼ҲҪޡ
Ȼǻǵ͹˳µصĺʵһۡ
ǰһĻԤϣҲóȻ֣֪ˡ
ʵϣ˵ðڤĻûϳ
ĥϣѶڤһжָƣ꣬ӿð޷졣
ȻȴδΪûҪðκˡ
ǳµأɾ㹻ˡ
ˢ
µӰһ˲ԭʧΪ׵ɱʥֻòһһذѾʺ
飡
µزδɱõֱӽιȥ
漴չڤõɱɱʥ֮䣬˫ӡ
飡
飡
飡
飡
ֲɱʥһյĹûֱӱķڵء
𣿲
µظˣЦЦ˵
ˣҵȷˣ
ʵ̫⣬ҲǳµصĶ֣ٲǺɳµػɱǡ
ɱ֤˵ɱ˸һԲʲô
µǽǧõģ궼ںˣʲôҸɵģ
Чңҽµذʮ㣬һħۣʮضڽ¡
һҧϥأµϱѪЧң
ܺã
µظˣָڹ⣬ûǵʶ
ǶԴҲİɣ
µص˵ĸ䣬ֻҪģɻ֮ࡣ
˻һ亹һ̾µصĺ飬ĻǸ
ĸ䣬ֻҪһٲ
£ɻʹȴ뵽Ͳ
ˣȫ˷ѵͷֻصµЧңûеڶ·ߡ
Чңѣ
˫ϥأµЧҡ


1972 ɱص
磡
ڤʥأ
µضʥǼıϣ̨ˣƽɭȻɱ
Ŀֲѹ
һʱ䣬ڤʥѻһƬţس
λˣ˶ĵ亹򣬴Ҳҳ
շɱʥµȻĳΪڤʥصˣִɱȨ
㾡ȫȥһҶˣһϢ̻ر
ãµز쿪ڣƽĮ˿Ĳ
ڤʥ˰һ亹˳
ֱ˳֮ǲžԶ
ղţԳµصʱǸо·һֲֿѹ
ǰǰٰλʥӣȫ档
ȴԸΥܣȫ
رĺԸ񣬿׷ŹǲŹˡ
ȻԤϵǣµزδˣҹˣǴ졣
ӵʣѷ棡
ڤʥɱָ̾ΪܻܿᳬԽڤ棬ΪһĲۡ
󡭡
йҶһȫ˳µصǰ
֪Ҷһϵ֮Ҳò̾Ҷ˲¡ˡ
ԼѣԵЩɢʵ
ҶȻѷⲻޡ
ƾʲô
һ䣬ѵҶҪ
οǣҶѾʧããУ׶༪١
꾣ӯ
׳بŲ
ãҶ̫ʢˣӦ˻Ǿϵԣ̩ʢ˥
ΪҶƵͷˣ˷
߻ģֻܽȻճ
ֻǣЩϧûֽҶɱԸź
һѾҪˣ
ѳؽޱ߷粨
һʸ֤ɵ۵ģֻ
סϹǵĩաˣ
µЦ˫̵âһѪɫħ䣬ɭֲеһƷӡħ
ɱص׺Ҷ껵㣬ԱԼ걻ϳ֮
ѰһʺõӴѵ׳ڤʥء
ʱ죬㽫ҶĹȫɱĨйҶһкۼ


ɽ
Ƶ
Ԫӯɾ
ҶԾڱչأЩĲڲ͸л
ѾʥҶԾɸ̾л̫ǿˣ漰ʱ䡢ֻء򣬿
лǣ
תʱ䣬סֻأı
ʣΪݣǴ
ҶںֻҪܹ׸췣һ֮
ʱҴ
͸л֮Ҷ̳أʼ׼лʽ
ȣðɽΧһǿķԷһ
ΥȻǴԼ޾壬ȴаʵ˻֮֡
аƴʦ̻ķ󣬵ʱ򼴱ⷢҲɱаͬʱɽݻ١
Ҫô
죬֣ΪҶСˣǸл𣿻ô̡
ٷϻ̣
ҶۣһкȥǶʱʵˣԹԵȥ̻ơ
Զ֣л̨Ϊлǣ
л̨ľۻʯǲȱ
ħħͽħʱռ˴ľۻʯ񣬴˿ó
ʱ󡭡
һӵл̨ǰ
л̨ʰΣ沼ķģҶһһԿȥġ
ҩ˵֮󣬻ǻɢ֮䣬һʱؾۣܻɢ׳ɿգ׹ֻأת
Ȼˣһתǰ䳹׳ɿգ൱һȫµǴҲ⡣
ܹٳ߸ͷһһԾɣֻܳأ
һ׼ͣ
ҶϾۻ̨ʼʩչΪлǣ
¡¡
иУ˲併¾ŵף赲Ҷ
䣡
ҶȻ壬һȭֲʥƵʮֱӽ׻ɢˡ
ͣвгϵͨؼ
ǰһξѪڵתɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ǰµһξѪǰаԵ׻֯ȡ
лǣҪΪһξѪĹؼ
ҶһʥΪһξѪϴɢǿһѪ
䣡
췣ٴν٣޴ĵâ˺գᴩأֱҶȥ
ྪĿɿڴ
Ȼ췣ԶҲʥʱɵôǿ󣬵ǱϾֻĻϿġ
ڣһжǰܲ𾪣
Ψ侳жôֲ
ҵ췣ûмܿסѾﵽԪаʣҲס췣һ׵ֲ̫ˣֱ֮
飡
Ҷһȣʥԣһۣ졣
˫ӣΧռ䣬γһ޴У췣пֲȫ֮С
ȥߴݼѪ
ҶԳ棬췣пֲעµһξѪ֮Уɱ䣬Ѫ
ˣ
һξѪâ㣬һȼյ̫ڻıΡչ
ۣ
ҶһھѪ׵ľѪ֮ϣɱ
ٵأ
˿̣ҶħΰӰл̨ϣǰһξѪڲϵչ仯
һʱһǰȻ׵ӡ
ֻǣ廹ûֻ꣬һѣơ
͵˹ؼʱ̣лǣ
ƮؼӢ鰡Ϊʧָ;ؾۣɣ
ҶչֶΣסֻأתʱ䣬ıǿн׵Ļٻ
췣ңУֻܿ۵ĵâʲôҲˡ

Ǿۣ
Ҷȣһʱ䵹صʱһ˲䡣
סֻأǰһм䣬ıȶ
¡¡
һѪɫ£ÿһɽ

ͬʱµһɽӵתһӱĿຮ֮ɽ
໺𡭡
׼۵ĿֲѹϳµɢĿֲɷʱɽе޾֣ܶ޸εѣֱӱˡ
һʱ䣬ɭжѬ죬ܶ޶ŵڵϣʺѡ
龰µزɵüϢ½׼ϲҪ鷳
ҶȻУڴϣΪһµģԸǿ߷֡
ƾſֲѴ֮ѰҶӡͨ
ɣ
µЦһһӣһâƵ˷ӡ
ˣ
âһһŻ֮У˸ŵĽԡ
ͨȻͬ
ˢ
һµӰһû֮Уͨȥ


1973 սµأ
ͨй½룬ռƮ
Щռƹʵǳֲ׸۷ʿꡣ
µȻ壬ʥԣǰȥ
ֲĿռϣ紺棬˿˲ֺ
ת˲䣬ͨڵ
ˣ
иУ渡ֳһƬֲɱص۽֯ɱ
ߣ
µһ¶м֮ɫ˫ӣһֲʥǿƽ⡣
¡¡
ɱ˺ѣһعĥ
µħϸֳһֲħơ
䣡
ֲɱ󱩶ˣһֲɱ⣬֮УɸѲ񷡣
꣡
µһʱɨУƬƬѣΪɻҡ
йŹ֣
µɫ࣬ʶƬֲɱǿǿǿؽֲķɣп˻ٵ
ɱƬص־֯ɣԵԴ߶ɱܻܳܵܿٵⲢҪġ
Σµֻ辶ȥɱеĵۣġ̵ۣϿԼ
ò˵µȻа񣬵Եȷ߾ܿͨеĹؼ
붨֮羵ӳߵһС
꣡
һ۱ġ
ɱ󽥽ƽٿ񱩣ųҲЩ
·ˣ
µаϲŬĸɱеĵۡ
նһ·ǰУ
һֹһ۱ġµؼѵɱдС
꣡
һӳʶġµسɱ󣬳׽١
𡭡
űʮϤ磬µѹֲסɽӣ쳹ء
ңµأֻˣ
µطȣ죬µģ

𶯣
ǿʱԶɽ֮۵Ҷ޶ӦһɿֲĲ
˿̣л˹ؼ׶Σܷɹڴһ٣Ҷֻðǰȥʲô˽ֱѹ
ͬʱޣҲҪȱ֤򲻱ٻ֮ء

յ
ǺСƦӱĵĿһֱۣӴԭʧͬԽռһ㣬
һСģ
ȸҶһۣ˫һչ˲ʧˡ

ͨĳλ޴½ĹάɳĮУɽֹ
Ȼڰǵļ£˲Ϣ֮Ѹϵ
߾
µصһ˲䣬һϺȣأСôɽ磬־ܣ㲻
죡
ȸأ˼Σգ򲻿ɴ⡣

ޣµһЦû뵽û뵽ҶСַǵûһص˵򡣡
ã
µ˫̵âɭɭĵźû뵽쾹ȻᣬֲеźҪ˺
µԶģ˻֮ëȻ
㾿˭ҶСкζԹ
Ǻʣ˫ҵâ˺ʡ
ҲԤе˲κܿˡ
ǳթڶǰӶֿ׳һЩõϢ
֪ʲôã
µЦǿƳ֣һĳֲʥʮռ䣬ֱȥ
ˣ
ǲԼʥΪϹâţһöϽ֣𶯳ֲ˺˽Ŀռ䣬ڼ䲻ݷ֮ѳµصĹΧ
֣
һ亹һƣſ³һƬ̨ʮסգµУֹߣͬʱ򲻱ʥĴսݻ١
ʥսһ֮Ҳܲˣ۵
ʥսǿսУ¿ֲĴս꼰޹
䣡
ʧɫƱã
̨ճһǴɱƬոֳ޾磬ɱҡ
ۼɱֲ֣ɱشǿն顣

ǿЦɱеĳµؼ鳣뱾ɱ󣬽·
ѵ
ɱ޶ʱһСƦӻƽԾԾԣհǵָ㣬ɱ֮Уѵµء
ءҲСɣ
ƽͺܼѹͲһͽϵСƦһ޶
һУаǵָ㣬ɱпٴУգۼµǰһβݳȥ
飡
һ죬µһƺݺڻƽβϡ
ѪŽƬ׷ɣƽβѪģֱӱµһķɳȥԶЩˡ
ءʹүˡʹء
ƽʹڿкòײסΡ
үģ
ƽʥӿβ˲临ԭһչȭٴγȥ
֪
µĮ˵˵ֻһĽߣɣҲɱ󣡡
ѽѽˣ
ƽŭĹۿצޣ㾹Ȼ˵Ľߣƴˡ
սٴαɳա
һƬɳĮΧǧ̣˿ֲʥսаǵɱ󱣻Ҳûʲôֵܵסȫֱӱ顣
໺𡭡
Х죬ƽΪٶȶŽ⣬һoƽܲ͸硣
Ҵ򡭡
ƽֲʥݻһ赲µɱ

ԻƽĿ񹥣µ˿Ϊɫ侲ÿ£ϸֳħƣħһ㡣
飡
ֶûֱһߣһӽƽ߷ɳȥֲ㽫ƽ߶ˡ
ꡭʹˡ
νֶûֵˣһ٣ƽʹ໹С
꣡
һƬɱţ̻ɱȴ̹ǣֱµȥ
ǰڿɱµأ»ƽ⡣
ˢ
âһµ羵ˮһ㣬ֱû֮УֲɱֻݻµһӰ
Ľߣˣ
һϽѻƽ
Ȼ
Ѿˣ
µһɱɱдУۼɱκá
ȥɣ
µһȣڻƽǰӡ˲նһǧ൶
໡
ƽ츳ҲܲˣǿֲɱֱӴݻľƬ׷ɣâ顣
СĽҪˣ¾ȪҲнʬΣΪ𣡡
ǿȣ˫Ŀѣƴ߶ɱ󣬴ֲɱ⣬ֹµɱ֡
飡
գƽټٴαɣѪ죬ɼǵ˺ֲۣɱĥ
ˢ
ƽ˲״ǹ˲ȥԸµأֱӴ߶ɱ󣬴һƬ⽫˳
̫ǿˣ
ƽʹ죬ѡ
شκ˶ɡ
СƦʲһǿҶͰǡ
ѪָǱ̬ܴشȻ˵
Ͽˡ
ȸӸһöҩĵ㱨𣡡


1974 ׼µһˣ
ȸŭˣ
ŭˣ
ƽֵܣȴ˷ŭ
ˢ
һֱûɱ֮С
ϴСİ
ѵƽѾˣɲԸ⿴ȸҲⴴ
ͬʱҲޣʱȣµɱ©ٳĻƾɱܽǿɶСĥ
һǴɱ󲻹ִ֮䲼ļ򻯰ѣϵԪϡ˷ָ޷߷ɱֵµţ
ৣ
ȸ֣۷ʥǿߣҲη壬ɫˢɵ

µŭȣ׹ӣжǳ㣬ԿȸĸЩ
Ȼ
õһλ׼۵ȫУʵ׼֮µһˣȸȻѳʥȴԾɲĶ֡
գ𣡡
µ˫ֻŤʮһֲĺڶ
ˣ
ȸɫֱӱڶˣ޾ĴԪռ䡣

µһĳǵأֱȸȥʮռ䣬ʱ䶼˴λ
ںڤĶԿУ˿ռ䷨򣬱ܹһδ١
ڤʱ䷨ڤȫں֮ĵõʱӡǡ
˿̣ʱ䡢ռ򣬹ڹž񣬿ʱڵĴ档
һƣʱͿռַʵˣȸʮҲɡ
һ̣ȸƴˣëէ𣬸ڷ˫âһӡ
˫ɻһƬǳĿֲʥûһӡݺݵӭȥͬʱˢɫ⣬αˡ
ϴ󣡡
ҲŭˣȻ˿ȸǽԸ񣬹ϳ֣ɱһâµشȥ
䣡
𶯣һ̨顢壬ɱ籩µϯȥ
飡
ȸֲನײһ£ֱӺɳȥǧԶѪ죬ɭޱȡ
ɱ
ǳŭˣɱ󣬲ƴ۵µغɱһڿնȫµء
ɱɽʥǿߡ
ɱתḥ֮̂ɢһƴϢɱµء

ȸҲƴˣһѪ֣һľѪ͵ۣʥ⣬µȥ
үˣ
һʱˣƽٴλĳˣֳƽﵣݵٴνɱ
ղ˱㱻µذƤˣ˵ʲôҲ̻
֣ɱ
Ҳɱһ߿ɱµأһߺͿȸƽ֣µط˿񱩵Ĺ
λʥ֣лһλǻʵޣܲ
䣡
սƬɳĮȥʮɣ¶ʯ
һʱ䣬ѣ޶óԼǿ
¡¡
ٽ٣
Ǵ߶Ͻֲ絶նʥ
ƽĻƽͷǼɣǿȵ۱ǿ
ֻΪʱԻƽﵱӡˣڷӲԭ򽫸ӿֲ
ɱǣɱҶС֣
µһ˿塣
ڤʥص˵׼֮µһ˵ſɲǴġ
ʥǿߣÿһʵԨ֮𣬸οǾʥ׼֮£ܵУѾǿսʤˡ
ৣ
չɱʥдУһѪŽƽһβͱնϣȥ
໡
ƽһҽУүҺ۸ǰɣ
ҵĻﵷ
ƽһ˫ﵼһɱ⣬糵һµȥ
ͬʱȸҲٴɨһƬɫ⣬ΪɱУΪ˫ۣᡣ
ɱ
ȻǲֱӿһƬɱ⣬µصƨɣɱʮ
飡
µһֱ߳ӽߵÿѪɳȥ߹Ƕ˺ü
ͬʱҲɱУ·ȴ˷ɻң¶װ׵Ĵƨɡ
㣡
µشŭɫ࣬æʥһף̫ˡ

һָƽ˫ﵱɣƽֽһ˫ֻڶˡ
ڣʧҸƴˣ
ƽ缸ھѪǿн״̬ѣչȭɱ
飡
ƽµһķɣǽڱ֪˶ٸһ
ۣ
ȸҲѪˣˣ־
ͬʱ֣ĬȴԾɲǳµصĶֻ֣Ƭ̱׷ش
顢顢顭
һֲը촫̨ľ׷ױ飬ɱ󲻸ڡ
ɳĮһƬֲɳȳ˵ըӾңȫ򶼸Ӧɾҵ𶯡
޴½緢ʮĴ¥ͨҰ
ʲô
ѵг˵ը
һʱ䣬ȫĿⶼͶ״
磬û赲ң
µɭ˻ģһħɱڵ߳ÿһն
ô죿
ǾˣɱƣҲ⵽شȼձԴƴһϣ
Ȼ
ȻٵԴǣԴ̫СˣûдıܲסʥĴս
ߣ
޶һۣ֪Ƕ֣
ǵٶȶǳ죬ĵҪӵĻǳµضʱҲ׷ϡ
ৣ
ǽ¸ֳһƬص磬׷ǲչֵ£˲Ϣ֮㵽ɽϿա
ȸͻƽٶҲǰҲɽ
ţµصӰҲɽϿա
˿ռʱٶ˿Ȱһռתʱ䵹
ҶСӣĳɱˣǲǶ֣ס
Ǻȥ
ꡭ飡
һ̣Ҷ߶ллʽ׶ΣѾ׵ĻؾۣͲһˣȻǵĻ񱻴ңЩ
Ѿؾ۵Ļһ˸ЩɢŵҶһ亹æ
񣡡
˲ιҶʶдȣҪ飬רлꡣ
ΪطÿֻʹһΣʧܣҲûлˡ
ֻ̫ۣ˵ĺĻԾ಻
ҶȴҴ⣬֪˲ι˵ģܳɹ׵ĻǱؽҷҲûлḴˡ
⣬Ƭ̣Ͼͺã
Ҷ֪ǣڱ֤ȫǰ£϶϶ãڲܷ
ƴˣ
һҧȼͳµؼҲҪϵҶڳ
Ҳɻ󣬲һ벽ԪҶΪ

µؿЦлǴ·ˣǵȫѹ򣡡
Ҳ·ҶҶ껵ˣĿЦ
ȥɣ
µشһһ£ֲĴգָƼƵۣǳڻ
һ£˵Ҷ껵ˣ¾ɽڡ
£·һƬѹ䣬͸
¡¡
Ʒ£ѩɽĺǧ붯ڣ




1975 Ҷսµ һ
µһ£ʥ
ɽһƬţֻ¡¡ѩؼ䡣
ʥ˵ѹ£˶оһɾϢ
ͽ
ž޴ѹѪŭȡ
ϹͲͽˣʦͽͽһ˵µϷʵ˵
˿̣ݣϾ
ΪѿҶǸոͻ߾ѡ
ϣɱʱ̵ķʽһֻһ򵥣Ѵ֮
ȻһͲôΪˡ
ΪҶ˻ǹǹâ죬ɱ
꣡
ǹɢһƵĵסɱһƣЩĴˡ
ϣ
ǹƽǹӲǵסֲһĴ޷¡
䣡
µನˮһΧɢɽֽһ㱻顢𣬳״ӵĨȥˡ
˱ŵɽׯ԰֮⣬ԲٹﱻΪƽأѺݺύ
Ҳ֮ѣ
ڲʱѹû뵽ᱬʥսֻǲһͨķѣסʥǿߵһ
䣡
󳹵׽壬ը̨̳գʯձơ
֣
Ҷһȣºݺһ壬ɽֳ޾磬֯ɷ󣬽ɽׯ԰ڣƻ
ͬʱҲǹڴ֮⣬˳µĻᡣ
۱̥
µ۾һ̰Ĺâһӣֱǹץȥ
ǿɵ۱̥֮۶ᶯĵ䡣
־·˵Ϲ屦ӵĪ
͸ĻԵ۱ֻ̥ڲʸӵУҶʱѣڣҪջˡ
ˣ
ǹǹâ̴񷣬ɫɳХ졣
䣡
µغڷ裬ħʩչڤѹǹ
ϣ
ǹѵֲ꣬Ļ
׷ңҽϵҫֻܻ𡣡
µطȣ˫Ƶۣһǹ
Ҫǳշǻٵꡣ
Ϊ۱̥ǳѣҪֻԵҪܵoӵ־
һʧ۱̥͵ڷˣҪ±꼸ǲܵġ
ңĵ˱꣬Ҳûıôǿˣٴۡ
һֲʥǹУϷĨҶµӡǡ
۱
գѾۣڽУɱ۸£ӹŽ

һ̣µ緢£ۣ
ƿ˵۱̥׵۱̥жֲǿֲɱĵѪǧʬɽ̤ǶУɱ֤
֣
Ǵ󼱣Ͻſֲ֮췣ݺµغȥ
ͬʱȸͻƽҲƴ۵ȼչΧµء
֮飬ҲŹ⣡
ǹµãЦһǹһɨֱӽϽɳȥˡ
໡
شҽһԴȥüĲѿѪ졣
ȸͻƽҲܲסǿֲɱ׷Ѫˣ𺧵Ĺâ

˱Ѫˣ
µ̫ǿˣֲֿѹһħ޷

ô˻ᣬҶʩչϾŵѪ£ÿһɽ룬̺ſֲĻֹ֮
ϲŭޱ߽ٷֹ߸
ˣ
ҶͷɳһɫɼײƬŵѪȫ赲ΪҶȡƬʱ䡣
¡¡
ɽׯ԰һƬ̳ء
飡Ǿۣ
ҶչֶΣʥ׵Ǻͻǣöߺһǹϡ
Ȼ
ʱ
꣡
µش߶ǹһɱ⣬˲䶴գƿ󣬽׵ʵ÷飬һѪ
ֲɱЩ׸ոؾ۵Ļǽˡ

µؿЦޱŵĵ븴ףڣɹ
µأ
аʱŭָû
֪ʵãȥĻֱͽ
ǣ
µԹ޺޵˵ôҵģҪӱǡ
죬ڳˣͳͳ
µ˻ޱȡ
ۣ
ҶܵӰ죬һѪ䵽ˡ
ˣ
һӵ޳ҶУֱֲӽ׵Ļսȥٴλɢ
˵µأĽļգ
ƾ㣿
µһмĿЦ춼ңС
۱̥Ҷ㻹ʲộ
µطǳģһС˵־˵û뵽û뵽ε֮УǵܹҸһѩǰܣܵõ۱̥ҩ
ңһֻ֤ɵۣӽϣµعֺۣһ
δأ
ҶһЦĵû˵𣿱ĵԽߣˤԽء
ߣ
µɫһҵҪôˤصġ
ܿͻῴģұ֤ҶЦҲ̫ã
Ҷ䣬µеĻǹͻȻƿأתɱ

µؾŭ˫񱩵ʥֵ۱̥ɱ
꣡
ֲ֣ɱ뾭һֱ۽ʵ÷飬һѪײҲҵĹͷӷɽ
ۣ
µһƻӳֱӽԼұնɱݻɫޱȡ
ˢ
ǹգٴλصҶС
ҵĶôױȥģҶЦͬʱڳµصǿ
Ŀ磬ѿµصʵ磬Ȼ߾۷壬׼۽һ֮ң
ԾʮһֱѰҳµصټ緭˶Ӱ
û뵽һȻôǿˣǹ䲻һܹʵС
ٺ١
µǿѹͷŭɭɭЦû뵽ҾȻ˵ˣˡҲ޷ɱ֮ЩԾҵġ
˵䣬ʥӿұѪɲǸԭ
жԹ˽ᡣ
ҶϣտȻ޵֮ˣһָգһս
ҲãȺ֮ܳ֡
µصͷɭĵ̫ˣС֣ˡ
൱ԸûаҶӰһֱӳ⡣
Ҷ̫ԶˣһǸոճʥ߾ڣһ׼֮µһˣûʲôɱԡ
ţֻҪԼһ֣Ҷس촷ۣ
ڴһĻڴŽҶ˺ƬԡѪһ̡
ˢ
ӰһҶǹһɽӵתɲǼ⣡


1976 Ҷսµ 
䡢ڰ⣬һƬš
¡¡
·ٵأгһƬϵս
ǵԶʱµʥսΨʥϢܴԻ
ãԶϵʥս͸µĲɣ
Զѵı޴ĹǿƯʾŵʥսĲҡ
ʧȥԣ޹⣬޴ĹǿҲʧʱпܻΪ泾
С֣ĩյˣ죡
µʥսУƣڷ磬ŵʥԣɢֲʥѹ
㣡
ҶȻ壬ǹбָ죬ʼնǳƽûһ˿

µؿЦһϷʵĵҸһֵĻᣬñ˵ԴСϾҲҵСʦܡ
죬ҾΪʦŻ
ҶǹɨһƬɱ⣬ֱӳڳµصϣʱѪģ㽫­ǳˡ

µزҽһٺˣĹâŴѪĴ
û뵽Ҷ˵ʹкûУֱӼ۱̥ǿҲûܱܿʵʵİһºݵġ

µŭ𣬱һΪϸըˡ
ɱ㣡
µؿһҲɱʥͨ似һȭҶȥҵȭâ˺գһɹգ档
ȭ
ҶҲûжõƣȭ࿹ƽ͵ȭϰȭְԾµȭ⣬һȼյ̫ա
䣡
â貣˵ȭâײһ𣬷̫ըҪǿҵĹâһɴϢʯ׷ױ飬ƮΧľ޴ǿ˲ɻҡ
һ
ƽɫ˭Ҳûռˡ
ҶȻ
µԶʥǿħЩħҪǿͨ似ʩչлΪ
ֻʵĻȥˣ
µɫĮһħ棬ڷѪɫ类ѪȾһ
ɱ
Ҷûзϻֱȷѣһȭǰɱȭͷŵۺ֮췣Ŀֲ
ߣ
µطмߣ𶯣ͷѪ趯Ҳȭǰɱ
䣡
ƬȼյĲײһ𣬿ֲû˰ʯըΪ貵̻š
⡭
һҪ𣿡
ɽׯ԰ķϿգǿٹһ̨ӳճҶʮ龰һĻ׷׳Ծ
Ƕܵشս³ΪҶ׸ַֻʽս
С
Ҷ˵ĶᵽɤۣǵսеֻäĿΪҶġ
Ҷһȭ·˾죬ӡ˸ӵлԵ
µ˿ѷɫֲͬޱߣصħƣһȭ
ۣ
飡
˶ûжܣЮֲʥ˶֣Ѫڹϵս䡣
Ƭ¹ʥѪĹսʥ˵Ѫǡ
Ҷһȭ˳µذͷ­һֲѪǰ
ԼҲµһֱۣѪǱŽҡ

ҶûмʶҶֶΣʱʧУһ֮ɫ
ǺͿȸһƽ֪ҶĿֲֻ֮ҪһξѪ
ҿӣûжȫԾ̽
ҲڳµصĿֲҶܹ׼۱ģȻҲˡ
С֣㹻ݣ
˴µسǧ֮תһ˵
û뵽ҶȻ˾ܾ˵ķʽش
Ȼ㣡
Ҷ˵йâһֱӽµصİͷ­ɻҽ
㡭
µز㱻Ѫޱȡ
תΨ
µضͷ­ɲǸԭѪɫ趯ա
˲
Ҷͬʩչϱǿҵʥԣеͬoٳ
~
һĻҶ껺˲ųһһֱŵķ
ǺͿȸǵȴȥҶȡʤľǷҲֺܽ
ȻµƺҲвѷҶһҶƾûˣֻʵʵƴʵˡ
С֣ǳҵϡ
µɫԭΪԼõڤĴУ׼֮µһˣɻɱҶȴû뵽ҶԶеǿ
ôֻǿʼѣ
ҶԣɱȻлǹâɢŨҵɱ
ղŴˣҲٸˣµ˵
ҴûһᣬҲҪʲôᡣˣڸԼ׳ҶȻ˵սս߰ͽ͵ģ˵գ
úúã
µŭЦҿɱң
˵꣬һãսʧˣ֮С
ڤʥصɱʥǱУɱ֮
Ҷս֮Уޱ飬˫տȻǳ
һʯ񣬾þòɱ·بŴһ㡣
ýˣ
УµЦѣѾǱеҶ׼һ
ˣ»ᷢıʣͷǵɱЩ¡

û˿ɱ·ͲһһжΪյһ
꣡
ɱĽâҶǴȥ
ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷһǹ´ǹŻֱӴգµض˳
ǵâȻҲƫˣҶӹնһƷ˿

µزҽУֲɱƻ㽫ֱӱˡ
飡
ҶǹµصˣһѪ

µص˲ߣ˲Ѫ⡣
ת
µתٴɫѿ˼㡣
ôҲû뵽һĴɱȻĽЩҶɱˡ
޷ܣ
ôģɵģ
µػָҶ𾪲ѡ
ȻҶʵ󣬵ðɱֶεĻҶɡ
Ҷİɱ
㲻𾪣۰ɱܵʦү
ҶЦͬͨɱ֮ұȳµظǿ
Ϊõɱ֤ǧɱ۵ĴУڤʥصĴиǿʮڤһҲǧɱ۵Ķ֡

һ󲨶µٴУǱ٣һҶ
еɱ綾ߵʱ׼һ




1977 Ҷսµ 
ʥսУ
ҶȻһĨЦ
£µΣÿһӲ
дɱҪϢ̫ĶȻ¶
Ҷص㣬ĵųµ
ȻԸװӣǾͰɻӣ
ڳµأû˿
ΪͲҲ
˵ҶԳµغ죬¾飬޲һǹɱ
ȻµҲǳǿӵиֲ㲻ѻɱ
Ѫɱڤʥص׼۱׼۵ļӵпֲܡ
ڤʥȻûгۣȴֹһλ׼ۣʵǳǿٹһʱ
ٹأӵɱˣ˴Դġ
ɱѪɣȾ׼Ѫӵɱ
꣡
âէ𣬿ֲɱʮ綾֮ǣҶϮɱȥ
ϣ
ͬʱǹâ𣬻ǹ䣬羪쳤磬׼ȷĽʻɱϣɱ̽˳µء
ۣ
ѪŽµٴܴ
֣
µزۣ˵ԾһˣŷǿɱɱҶüȥ
ϣ
ǹסɱŷĿĹâ
ɱ
µֱӶɱ𣬻һƬ嫵棬ǳתҶѹ£
ɱ
ҶҲɿ˻ǹ˫ֽӡһֲɱУݺµȥ
˸ڵһʱɱ֣ȴ϶Էɱﵣͬ⡣
䣡
ɱµصĴײһ𣬲·ˣƬʥսڲлϢ
ۣ
ҶѪˣã˺ۣЩˡ
飡
µصֱըѪɽֻżξѪӳ˴ġ
ǿȣԶҶסֲĴըֱӱ顣

µص쳣ԼľԶҶȴԼųԱ˼㡣
תΨ
µص귢ȣתֲʥѪ˲临ԭ
ɫ࣬ŭĺȵôÿζ֪Ҵ֣
ƣҶÿζ·ǰײǹĻ˱
ɺ϶ѣ
Ҷ̲˵
µɫ֪࣬ҶϷˣԼЦǲɺϣŭˣ
Ҷ˵Ծһ˲ɢӡ
Ҫ˺㣡
µسױŭˣħէ֣ɢֲϢ˫צ˺գݺҶɱȥ
ǰ
ҶҲΣʢѪڣ̫¯תݻ̫
ħ裡
µɭһħۣʮָһĽâѲ񷡣
ֻȭ
Ҷٳ˫ȭ·ƶƬ棬ò飬ǿըѡ
˶ٷײһƴɱ
䣡
Ƭʥսҡǳֲ飬貵̻ǿա
ѪƴǹžʥսвѪŽȾս
ǵ˽֣ҶܷսʤµأغǵİΣ
һóµսʤҶҲ⡣
Ŀ̨ӳճʥսе龰оþòƽ
ʱ״򶥼սڣҶǳµأԶԶؽ
˿̣ٿҶͳµأ·ڿħսĴڡ
ϰϣпҾӦһƱһʱ̣ɽ֮
ͽܣ
ǾȵʵЩţԪҲҶ²ͻƵϼһȻʦ̫ˡ
ţ
ͷĬϣ˷·ࡣ
θﰥˣ
ǰĬ̵ڿ

ΨпЦ
ڤצ
µ˻ХѪ߰ߣ׹ʢʩչڤ似Ҷɱ
Ҷ޵У˫ȭչֻȭһ赲ֻأȭȭѪ
˵Ĵս̫ңʥսеĻƬ񷶼ᱻױ飬ع硣
ڤצ˺գĹɻ꣬ҶһѪۡ

µȣɢޱȣצֱҶץȥҪг꣬
Ҫ㣡
Ҷ̫Σ򷨲ֻ֣ȭһ赲ֱӽµصĹצˡ

µزҽУŵĿԼ˫֣޷
ľԶҶڴսȴܴ죬Ҷһδαвʡ
ϷԵΪֹˣ
µת˫ٴθ˵
ҲΪ
Ҷԣʾɱ⡣
˷նµأ
䣡
սٴα˼ҶԾƬʥսڻҪˣиֳһص磬ȹս
ֲѹ鶼ܵһսܶ˶ס̱ڵϡ
ħĶԾֻĤݡ
ǿʿҲһʥ˵ѹǵı˿ͨǿ١
ǿ޵У
һսעҪֳʤ
ʤ߰ǿգԴ̤޵е·
Ѫʬɢ
ڤ磡
ս£µؽʧȥģֱʩչڤ洫еĽ
䣡
Ƭ񷶶µݻѪɫڤ磬һӽҶ棬Χ޾Ѫɸʴ˵ꡣ
𣿡
Ҷ˿壬̫Σ޾ѪһۣӾʮء
֪
µһߣڤħ֮Уֻ¶һŲ԰׵˫Խѷĵӡ
Ѫޱߣأ
µһȣ޾ѪʱɻˡҶ˻
䣡
Ҷָ񵲣ֻȭһУɻˣ
ȻȴһЩﾹȻӵйǿ

µؿЦΪЩѪе鶼Ǽٵ𣿴ǶĲԹܹ꣬ҵҪֶܼá
ҶһԲֱУƣ̫λת¶ֲ
ˣ
ɽׯ԰Ͽգɫ䡣
֪ڤʥصĿֲ֮
٣֮俪ڤ磬м
ڤ֪Ϊ˶ˡ
Ǽ֪֮һ⻹ǵһ۰צ
ڸո֤׼֮ڤʥصʥϮɱڤ졣
ջǿ俪ѪڤʥصʥֱӺɷɻҡ
ԴˣҲû˸Ҵɱˣ߶ڤֽȴҲƳ籸Ϊǲڴһָ
˿̣Ҷ׹ڤ磬˳ƿ


1978 Ҷսµ 
ڤڣޱѪ죬ÿһѪڤʥնɱǿڤУһ׮ɱ
Ҷ˱Σ̫ηס޿ײ깥ڰѪۡ
ҵ·ҵĵϴǦ̥
ҶѪ֮УԼĵԼɷ
ɻˡԾ˻ƥרꡣ
ڤ磬ɱһеУĩգµĮ˵
ڤУףƿأһɱҶҪĥ
֮㡭
ҶоԼϹһſŹͬɽӡ֮ϡ
ɵӡٴηâЩɻˡɱдϢת
ð׷ˣûõġ
µƮ䣬·׻꣬ɱ߽Ҷ־
طΪвҶпܾңٲ
ɡ
Ҷ־ɽ˿ԼĹģ
һ壬˵ζӡϡ
ĵƣԼ
꣡
ɻ˻絶Ѳ񷣬ֱնҶϣ貶ĿĹâ
򣡡
Ҷ깲ӡ⣬ֱӽɻѹ
꣡
ɻ˷һķ󳹵ʧҶӡ϶һɻ˵Ŀͼ
һ̣ѪˣħѪ߳һҶѹ
һ־ɱûܿסػᱻǿɱĥꡣ
ҶһѪУɵӡԣȡѪ֮µء
깲ϺȳЩѪ߳ħȵȫҶѹջΪӡϵһͼ
ҶڽڤеѪ֮ԼĵڳµͷͱӣڵѪ
ʱմң
µȣٸҶκλᣬֱӴԼľѧ
ʱͿռ䷨ΪиС飬ַڲͬʱУɱ֮
䣡
ҶߵĿռˣֲĿռֱ֮ӽиһٶݣûһҵĿռУǿдĴ
ҿθ
µһЦʼֲʥ׼Ҷ꣬ӡԼɱ֮УΪһ֡
˿̣ҶȷΣи궼ֳʮ֣˴֮以
ǿռʱ򵽼֮󴴳ɱնһеС
ô
˵Ϣʧˣ
ǺͿȸͬʱһѾӦҶϢ
ʧǼ΢
ƽɫҲÿȻܹӦõҶһϢȴǳ΢ɢңƺնƬһ
ɺް
ŭɶֱӲ¼ɱ󣬽µֱӺɱ
ȴ֪ڵϣɱ󼸺ûʲôôģ֮۵ɱҪĵ̫Ӵˣ޷֧ţܹɹɱµأҲ군ˡ
Ҷ껵ֻΪҶĬĬʲôҲˡ
ûаǲµ̨Ļ֪ս龰
ҶַڴҵʱУΧ羵棬ԿԼ֣ȴ޷ϵϣ·һƬʱա
ûзгһһεľģɱ۵ɱ;໥ӡ֤Լĵ
ġҡҶ·ץסıʣŬԼ
Ԫʱת
ҶʮҵʱտʧҶĳڳµǰ
ʲôô
µسˣԼƽˣиⲻʡ
µأӯ๼
Ҷȣٳѹʮأųµأĩյˡ
䣡
Ҷչ̫ΣӶֻȭѪһ赲µؿڴ򴩣ժƬࡣ

µزҽУӰˣһ˿𺧵Ĺâ
о˼飬ҶľԶѷôŴνش
䣡
һȭᴩ˳µصؿ֮ҶδͣǴһǰƣֻȭֱӴڤ磬˳

ڤ类ƣµܵĴֱӱ飬֮ʴˮ
һ̣ڤѪɣռһѣɿֲķ籩
䣡
ڤˣһƬ磬ջعԭ㡣
꣡
µҵ˼㣬˼ξѪѣתҲٸԭˡ
ž
µ޾Դɫɷףг˿ɬĴܸС
ԭΪ־ܽҶɱû뵽ȴһ
ŭʣ
Ȼһж޷ıѾʧ˵ʵ
ΪʲôΪʲô
µŭоǷ֮ɫһͷ˵Ұޡ
˵ӯڣ
Ҷһ֣ǹżѪɱ
ױΪɱ̫زű˴۷ӡδ䳹׼ɵ۱ġ
oȻҶշȴԾԲġ
ɱ
ҶտȻǺл𣬻ɢɱ⣬߶ǹ߱ǹǿ£ǹâա
ݣ
µҲٻԼɱ߶׼۵ѹչڤʥâ죬Ҷȥ
˴˿̣˫ûзƴľʵ
µþʵѹҶҶֺγþʵΪֹ
ϣ
ǹʻɱֲɱײƬʥսһҵĶ
ˣ
ɱһлǹǰԾµɱ⣬ֱӱЩˣɱܲѺۡ
ۣ
ǹɨ˳µأֱӽİˣѪ

µҽУʣİɿˣͬʱתתķѱԴѪ⡣
꣡
ڴʱҶÿرµеɱͻȻٴνնꡣ

µؾִУƬѵںһٴԶݡ
һΣ׵ˣҶ˿־֮ģ޵е־Ѻۡ
һμѵµɫҰܣ޾Ĵܸкĺ⡣
֪ԼˣҰܵúܳס
ʲô׼֮µһˣǸЦѡ
˽ԹΪһϾš
Ҷǰɫƽ糣Į˵
ҶС֣ǰˣҲûаܡ
µ¶񣬻˿ֲħƣһǿϢɢ
ЦҪɱңѪĴǲܵġ
ʩΪʲôֶζʹɣķڷ
ҶϣᶨޱȣʾǿģκҲ赲ɱµ֮ġ
ûʲôֶˡ
µزһѪȻ֪ŲţִߵĻסҡ
㾡Կ
Ҷ˿ΪһǰŲģɡ
ס֣
ܵҶɱ⣬µس׺ˣһϷˣԸɱԼ
µҲһۣ˲⡣
ȻҶС֣ǰһ̳Աʱ򶼻Ϊᣡ


1979 ɱ
ΪҪЮ
ĳµطˣ
Ϊϧϵ顣
ҶҶɱ֡
ǳ˽Ҷ㣬ǿǿѣȴ̫ظ飬㡣
µزۣ
Ҹˣ˸ң
Ҷһû뵽µؾȻ޳ܣȻϧٵ
֪Գµصԣܹõ
һʱ䣬Ѿء
ĺеУɳĻؽΪĸ󻼡
ȻȴҲ֪Լڳµظϻص֮ǰɱʱͿռ䷨ĳµأٶϲ׷ǲ١
òϣµذס㣬Ǿ塣
ʱһˣ
Ҷڲɫϱãʾľҵ
µڣһںӡ
Ȼʵϣ亹Ҷ᲻һеĽɱڴˡ
ΪһҶɱĻɣ
κ˶ϧԼƲѣɽˮĵزѡԱ
ҵ˼붷ҶջǲΪۣɱµأļңԸ㺡

Ҷһȣѵɱ⡣
µؿԲ飬ȴ֮䣬Ҫѡֻѡʱųµһ
Ǻǡ
µһЦͷҲصȥٶȿ硣
ҶֳǹһѾڵĻɱ֮
䣡
㣬µһ˿âһɱֲâƵʮֱɽȥ
ҲûУչڤ֮Уͨڸȥ
ϲܴˣ뾡ϻ磬пڴˡ
µء
ҶĿѣлǹ̴գЩµضˣһƬѪꡣ
ĸסʦС̶ɽһ£ƾǵΪôֵܵס
ȥ׷û£
ҶΪѵʱʶдǵĴ˵ѾϽ˽ȥǡ
֪Ϣ֮Ҷŷŭֱվ죬Ҫµرǹ¡
ʯ˲ϢܿǱ޴½ĹάɳĮ
һžɳĮ룬ɢ͵Ĺâ
ˢ
µɥ֮Ȯֱӳ֮УӳһֹҶ׷
䣡
ɳգҶһȭ˽⣬ͦǹɱ˽ȥ
׷磬ҲҪµУ˲ˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ׷ͨĳڡ
꣡
콣âɨֲɱɭֶ𶯣ޱܲסֲ纣ɱ⡣
Ҷͷ·һ㣬һθо֮
ˢ
һ̣׷ǲӵ˼£羵ˮһ㣬ʱ·ֹˡ
䣡
Ľâڴһ׵Ľۣɽ롣
ϧ
Զĳµ䣬ŨŨĲʺź
Ĳɱ֣ϧٵɱһξɱȻǱҶȥˡ
ȻҲ֪һУѾûлˣ뾡ߣӲˡ
ڤ󷨣
Ʋѣµֻʩչ飬һƬѪ꣬˲ӽУȻŶԿռ䷨ƼգͬʱϢ׺ڤڤˡ
ӣ
Ҷһȣǹʮ˵ա
Ȼȴʧȥ˳µصټɹӶݡ
ôɱ𣿡
ǺͿȸСƦ׷˹еҶеʵ
ȻҶһ˲ˣˣ
ްϧ˲Уӵسɴ󻼡
˲򵥣
һصҶ˵ȻõڤʥصռУ򲻿ƿɱ
ݰ˵ɱڤʥصʥֻڤʥصȨУʥµȴܹϣϧٵɱһ
һеһУ֤µرȻڤʥųȻĵλпڤʥȨߡ
ڤʥأ
Ҷɱɱ⣬Ѵ񷡣
ôԹģΪηҪɱ㲻ɣȸ侲ʵ
磬κʱܱһűɽݣƺûʲôܹݡ
˵ͳˡ
Ҷɱӿнͨǰ˵˺ͳµؽԹȫ̡
֮𣡡
ֱӣֳѾû˻ĿܣҪһ׵¡
˵Щˣ
Ҷվ𣬶԰˵ϰף鷳ڴ˲¾ɱ󣬱ͨҪ˽ܱͨסˣ
ҲʶԣûƴǣֱӿʼжûƽͿȸ֣ʼ̻ƣ¾ɱ
ڼ䣬ҶûûţѰе֪ʶ޾ɽϿƣ컻أʮһۼΪɱṩԴԴĶ
óɱɲͳԷ۵úüο°ĭֵĻƽͿȸЩԲˣɼɱķ̶ȡ
ҹſºüΣҿҶѰƷʯΪǲ򻹲ء
ɣʱرɫɽȷԲڶɱֵķΧ
ƬɱغһģȻÿһִɱֻ֮ܲһƬһҲֵһĴɱˡ
ɺް
ǹ¼ȪྱĶһƷʯŰյ˵Ҫܲɱ󣬱ַŰǽʲôµص϶
ɴ⣡Ҷ˵µȻˣѱ»
һĻ治Ǻ޺޵˵
ȸСƦҵĻǹشκθڴģɱۡ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣԰˵ϰףٶ죬ȥԺϵϲĺ;۱ǰæͨ˽ͨ
İɣ֮ͨűҰϣһۣ򼴱׼ۣҪӲҲѲƤǵ˵
ɱĵ֮Ϊɷ׼ۼǿߣ磬ûܰȻɱ
Ǿͺã
õǵı֤Ҷ԰˵⣬þ۱æڤʥص䣬ʥûҪˡ
ƽڤʥأ
бۿ²ףڤʥسΪʹߣôױҵǵѵĻͱƽˣֲ㡣
˵һתҵи⣬ڤʥԹ˲Ͼ¶š
ʲô⣿Ҷʵ
ܼ򵥣ǼЦǿþ۱Ժ棬ѰҺ쳾ɱʥأȻȥɱڤʥصĸ߲㣬׻˵Узз·ڤʥѣͬΪɱֵĺ쳾Ǿͼ򵥶ˡ
ҧëⲻ
ƽ޲ѡ
˵İ죡
Ҷͷ




1980 ׸

ɽ
һƬǽ壡
ѩɽѾʧȡ֮Ŀĵķ棬ٲȻһľ
ƬУҶ̨һξѪע޾֮ף޾Ϊ
̲ӣȴҶѿһܴĿ顣
ҶѾɹһˣһᳵ·˰ʱ׵졣
Уһ£ڷƮɢɢŵĹâͭһ㡣
λ
ҶһзɳŹÿһ΢׵ֻЩ㯡
ҶָţͨӡѨУ׵һ˿
ٴδȣǸ壬߿ŰɫĹзɳѸе׵ȥ
λ
۹λ
λ

ҶһȣǸ壬λ׸
ΪҶû׼ǽӹ壬ʥϴһ˱Դ꣬ӴֽʵҲԪ
Слл㣡ζӳ£˼
֪Լܸ֮ȫҶĹͣѻɢˡ
Ӧģ
Ҷ˿ûоӹ԰ǽˡ
˿̣һɫװüĿ纣ڷƮһ㡣
ףˣ
ϲͬʱҶֶΡ
ԭѾʲôϣˣ˶ⶣЩܸ
ס
һգĿԣŨŨ龡ڲС
״ʦϲ
ҶҲʮһֱ֧ÿһ飬ǳж
˿̣׸ȻҲǳġ
Ӧ˵ллŶԡɫ˵ҶϯһöӰ
أ
ۣ״Ȥѹǳá
Ҳ̳һͽܣ˰ɣ׶һ취ҲûУЦõ˵
⻹̵࣡˵
պ˺ȨĽӣʽΪĵĸӹ
һͳɣ
Ŀǰһжõһ淢չڻ򣬳ͻԪˡ
׵ĸ𶯣˶о˼顣
ѾˣڣվǰǵȨһ־޴ѹ
ʣǴ˵еԪǿߵѹ
ʮȫɵˣһˣǵ߳ǰǰ벽̤˴˵еԪܲ𾪡
һңջ˸ΪˣҶϯϯִй٣׸һˡ
ĸֶ£չˣҶÿæýŲմأҲæƶһЩµĹ͡
ʱԪһǧʾѵɽ
ЩӶǾϸɸѡģСֻ꣬ѣҲܺáĶʮ꣬ԵúȺ
򡭡
ҶֵһɲǣһӰ˶УֱҶȥ
ۣôˣ
Ҷȣ˾ȻܰĵܵսۣСӾȻѾﵽͻƵս񾳣ڵԪԴѷĴ󻷾£Ϊֱˡ
ҸճؾϢϴġսһ۶Сǡ
Ժ˳֮ΪҶˣս۵Ľ
ǰʾѣսƼԪϽΪӣսͬ
ǰʱ䣬һֱڱչأ׼ս񾳣˵Ҷ¼֮ҲıչأԪһɽ
֪ľ֮ҶҲܸпյǸС竣Ҳˡ
ѹƵ̫ˣƾʺԣ֮󣬱Ȼһʽıͺ͵Լһ
Ҷһȥ磬ֻǲ֪ܰͬͬ⣬ϾռҾôһ硣
Ҷѯ֪ܰԽ磬ռҲս۹ҫ鹣ҪҶʵ͸ˡ

գϵһж죬ת
һߣһ㸴ģ
Ҷǰֱͭӽսڡ
֮ǰȻûܴ߶ͭ󶦣ȴҲֲִռƣԳһƬ硣
ս֮ҲһսУаʵ˺ᴩͨ硣
ˣ
һҶͨɱУհȸķɱȥ
ˣ
Ҷ߳ȸֱӭȥǹϲ;۱Ӧˣɱ棬ǲǣûиǽķ
ϰף
ҶЦһ䣬԰渺̬ȼΪ͡
߳ɱҶԶԶؾͿڸϲ˳Ƥء
ûˣһԵĵԺԺɮܡ
ȥϲʱɮԺϲоԺԽѧԴһЩ顣
֪ҶһУֱӱɭ֣һɧΪҪ忪սء
Ϊˣ۲棬ѯǵ⡣
Ȼû۱Ҳˣλ׼۽٣һӽסˡ
λǰ
Ҷ첽ǰϲ
ǶҶдҶһʮ㡣
úúãͺãͺðϲ߼ѣҶûʧ
ɮԺϲҲͻ׼۾磡Ҷɮ˵

ɮһ㶣ЦңҶѣ
͵ɪɣ
ϲĵĿһۣҶ˵Ϲ֣ǰͻƵ׼۾磬ǻһȥǿչ·Ӫ㣬ϧȥˣǸϵʱѾնȥۼҵϻ쵰ͨҲ޷ݳλãǾҹȥˡ
ܡҶΣʵ̫ôᷢô¡
˵ˣⲻĴ
ϲ˵֮飬ѾˣǴ۱ӣвܾԶҲزˡ
С۱ܣûܵڤʥغͳµصټ
˵ģҲ϶ٳˣֻҪǸҳ֣ؽ֪
Ŷˣ
߻һתŵǸ쳾ɱڤʥص˵ǳѾȥ׼ˣŲñϢ
˵ϢҶһ
ɱֶΨͼģֻҪ㹻ı꣬Ǿ͸ҶɱκˣȻˣ׼۳⡣
С˭ģ̫ˣɮЦ˵
ϰףҶϽ
ȻȱڻЦ
ģô˵أӢòãǸⲻˬ
һҶڣλ׼۹֣ͬӡӵ֮ͨ
λ׼۽УĹţ̾ѡ
˭뵽һССĹţȻȻͬ硣
пһ֮һ֣һصĵۣͨطӡ
һӺ󣬹ųʧʩ˰ʮһӡ׼۷ǿϲƿӡ
ˣڰȫˣ
ҲҲزȥˡ
ȴǵģδ֪ǰ̡


1981 Ĳ
лλǰĶ
߳ɱҶʩλ׼۱ʾл⡣
˲ǣ
ǻ
ǣ֪ôǾͲˡ
λ׼Цŵ٩˵Ҷ̫ˣǾò
ã͵ʲôҲû˵
λ׼ۣҶһҲûУֻ㬵˵
㱾ʲôҲû˵
ѵÿҶԱλͯδ׼۰Ц
ʵϣǲûаԹҶ˼
ǿҶģֳʵƷʺԸ
ҶʲôҲ˵ĻǷò
ڵ٩Ҷһͨ泩ӡͨʱƣҲһɨա
Сʲô㣿
˵ЦһϲЦݣɫʵ
뿪ɣһʥء
ҶԼļƻ˵λ׼Ϊıߡ
ϾڿɣȫǸ⺺λʯ׼ΪѹأʡĲ١
ֳɵðײá
㲻ȥǿչ·𣿡ɮܺʵ
ȥˣ
Ҷ˵ǿչ·ĥ£ҶѾûжˡ
ĬȻˣ
֪ⲢҶȷ˵仰ʸ
ǿչ·˭ܱľۺ档
δʥ֮ǰܺɨǿչ·սʮʥǿߣնɱ֮
Ҫ֪ǿɲͨʮʥǿߣмѾﵽʥʵ
ȻҶȴ߹һ㣬ɨһ
ֶȻʥ׼֮£ûĶ֣ǿչ·˵ȷѾû̫ˡ
С𣿡ϲʵɫء
ɣһʥأҪǵ̫ˡ
ѡַϣҪѡһʥܱ֤ʥشоò˥
λҪ㹻ĵ̣ʥغ͵ӵһϯ֮ء
ЩĿǰȫûУҪ̸ס
ţ
ҶͷᶨޱȣɣڱС
Ϊ˰øӵѣжѣҪ˷
Ǻðɣ
ϲ̾˿⾼˵ȻѾҲûʲô˵ˡ
ɲףʲôҪæĵطʱǡ
ҶŵֻҪΥԭǱȻҶʥؾվȽŸ
лݵ󱨣
Ҷлмѣǵĳŵɽѡ
ˣ˼ˣҲûȥˣ
Ҷǣһֱ˺գɶȥ
Ŀȥ֮Ҷ˷ųǸһϢ˳һ½ǡ
֮ǰһֱͭУûǳ
Ϊɱ֮УƾǵΪɣûм֮۵ɱѹҲܳܵġ
𣿡
ŨԪ
Χˮ뵵Ԫ˲̾
Ļȵǿ̫ˣŨԪǵΪȻһʽıǡ
ʥذ
˸̾ѣĻһֵ꣬ϵʮꡣ
ϵЩνؾҲԪŨ
Ǿﰲ仧𣿡
սһΧȫǲçԭʼɽ֣ɻʵ
Ȼǣ
ҶЦϰȴȥʯ壬ǵļҡ
Ҿ˵ôʺĵط仧
ս˲ˣԸѣŵҪ̵ĵطһֱȥǷ˲ɡ
໺𡭡
ڴʱһװ޺ңԶɽдǿֲѹʱһЩûмǾûɢ۴ޡ
ҶЦãֻýٴսͭУ󽻸ǣȥʯ壬ͽɽȥ

籱
һƬຮ֮ء
ﲻ̣ǻӲĴء
ɫĴط·ѪȾһɱͲ
ǧżмʯͷ׺УҹеļŹǡ
ƬֻĴϣſͷɢ䣬ڶۿ·ա
䣡
飬һѪ۵Եߵſͷм䣬ٿȻʧˡ
ڤʥأ
׹ɭɭ׻˸ӳյ
Ѫ۵ɫ԰ֽڹӳ¸Ե}ˡ
˿̣һڤʥصĴȥ
ʥ
ɱֳɵۣҧԼͷ
Ѫ۵ҶǹλµأҲڤʥصʥ
λɱ𾪲ѣǺµǱ

ĲҽУ쳹ڤʥء
ùֱӱµֶ˲ӣǵѪԼԻָĵѪ

˵ľѪ֮󣬳µصɫһЩһ˿Ρ
ʲôˣ
ôڤ
ʱڤʥдĺɱȻ
ɱʥͬʱҪʲô˳˵ˣôڤʥء
Ȼǿǰ˵ʱ򣬶ʱɵˡ
Ϸ򣡡
µɨһۣ췴𣿡
һæأ²ң²֪ݵΣˡ
µϲŭ޳ֱĸ䣬С˼أܲ£
Ҳǳµؼ̳ڤȫУ˵׼֮µһˣô˳
ʲôѵ׼۳˲ɣǰ˼⡣
ȻڳµصȴûҶʣľ仰˵ɱ֮
ˣ֪߲ɣµޱ˵
ó֪֮ǿѹԶԶģܲӴ
ԣڸ㹻֮δɱ֣ΪĿǰڤʥػҪǣԼҲҪĵ߹Լ¡
ڤʥʱգֹͣһл˱չûҵó
µ֪Ҷ׷ŹĿǰ״̬ʺɱ
ڤʥرأֻҪֹͣһлţҶͨ쳹֮ܣҲ鲻ټ
ּ
ɱʥߵףͬ˵
ڳµȥ֮ǲųһٽµصﵽڤʥÿһӣ
ԿˣΪ׵ɱʥ˵
ʲôڤʥشʮأûǴҲδѰһɱʥм˵
ô˵ӳµ´һڤʥȫ伣ݷٲϵ
˿̣µѾħߣħߵײ㣬Ũħϥ£˹ˡ
ħȫɫĳȫѪɫǧħ
ãվ˫ı̹⣬ħơ
ҶС֡
µҧгݣбųļ֡
һҪͻƵ׼ۣ֤׼λ֮ȥҶѩޡ
ΪҶе۱̥֣ͻ׼ۣҶĶ֡
ԸǸ׼̣֮óȻ¡
˿̣ǱĶߣѣһ֣ؽһ


1982 ɽǸ

ɽ
ҶͥŲһ㣬дУɲɽϿա
Ӹ߿ոɽһֻڴϵ䣬֫汸ͷβȫ
Ȼ
ֻȴЩطȱʧǱ˼ڣԵüг
ˡ
ǰϤɽҶһп
ʱǨ˷ǣҲľˡ
ף
ҶͷС䣬һĿ·ɽɽְôøһ
Ǻǡ
ҶЦȻˣӵһ֣ͬ䣬Ȼˡ
󻵵ѧң
Сɴ۾Сצӣв·ɽ
ҶЦСֱ̫ɰˣϲ⡣
ЦʲôЦ
СӶСצвҶ󿴿µɽٿԼʱһľɥ
ɽֱ䵽䣬ȫ͵ġ
Ȱ
ͻȻСһУͻȻ궯Ĺâ·ȼһ
ôˣ
Ҷһæʥ⽫ڣͼƽڵ궯
Ȼ
ȴûЧǷѪе
ȣȣˣ
Сţ޲ýԼĿ
оԼȣѪҺ·һ㣬յöԺˡ
Ѫѣ
ҶˣѾС֮ԻоȣΪڵѪˣɱ䡣
ѵһֻ䲻ɣ
ҶŽµɽɻ
ͯ糿˵֮ԽţΪɽϡ
ɽ֮ԽɽΪɽ¡һֻޡ䱳ϣ
ڿͯ糿֮ԼпģɽһֻϹ䡣
ϢСڵѪľѡ
ʱ
Ҷʶе״ĺɫƬ΢΢˸һ¡
ֻһ£ָƽԼûвκ쳣
СҪ˯ˣҼֲסˡ
С˵
ҶӺߣû˸ҽСء
ֻɰС䣬ȴûаŭֻϧ
˯ɣ˯ˣǿˣ
ҶսǹеĿռڣ˲ιչ
֪СһδԵѪѣ᳤󣬻Ķ
֮ܶĴ컯ɱ䡣

źɽ
̶һʯ®εض
ʯ®ǰһƬ͵Ĳ԰߲˳ϲˡ
һŮ䣬ʤѩںڵĳٲһƮɢȻɡ
ӳžףؿϳŨŨ˼üĿ֮仹ĵǡ
ڵô
УҶͯ糿üĿ֮Ĩĵǣ̲סԼ
ǵġ
һ˲䣬бӿֳ˴𰸡
ʮǰԼ磬ɥ֮ڣͯ糿˾ԼȻԼɣҶԼٰա
һ֤꣬Լɳ¶â
ÿһΣЦúϲ£죬ĵӡ
ʮ굯ָѾЦˡ
ҶиеĪھΡ
֪һжΪԼתؾܾİ⣡

ھ֮࣬Ҷ̾˿Ӱһ·
ţ
ͯ糿ԭһڲ˵һʲôͻȻܵһǿϢ٣һ̧ͷ졣
һ̡
Ǹ׭Ӱ·һ㣬
Ҷ硭
鲻Խſͣ૳ֻǰһƬ㱣·ǵӰʮãһգ۱㲻ڡ
ûգۣǻӲԭأһؿš
ôؿš
ˣˣ
ڣҶͯ糿ԡ
糿һˣ
ҶŽߵŮӣ΢΢һЦȿڡ
ûлӦ
ˮ˲ģͯ糿˫ۣž׻ʶ£УȾʪ½
е̣ǿɬ
ҶҶ磬ô
ͯ糿֣سҶӿ
ĶĻǸоһþֻҪһҶҶʧˡ
ʮףףס
ڣֲҶӡ
һ˲䣬ס˺ɴ۾
Ҷ磬㣡
Ӿлع񣬶ʧУ֮г˾ϲˮȴøˣ޵滨ꡣ
ţҡ
ҶͷȻ֣ͯ糿Դ
ΪҲˡ
ͯ糿ѹõ˲ʧأܼˮһ˽ҶĻС
ɵѾͷⲻǻ𣿡
ҶǿջЦȴܹظܵͯ糿Լ˼ꡣ
⼸꣬ÿγضڴ̽Ϣһγأ˵ɱ˵һǵĶӣ֮У֪ȥ򡣵ʱҺܵģĴ̽Ϣʼմ̽
ҼԻΪģǿԼչءҵڶγ֮󣬹ȻϢʱ򣬺ܶ˰㵱ħ壬ҲšҵҶ磬ôħ壿
ݵϢͬʱҲ֪ԹżҴΪ׵ʮʥ̽ıߵǷǣٹ˽ȫɱ
󣬾Ȼ׼۶֣ʱٴʧˣ
ͯ糿رҶ˵ţ綼ˡ
ұʱ֮ײصҵĹ硣
ҶҲ겻ѣԴ̤ǿչ·֮ȷʵ̫ۡ
Ҷ磬عˣ
ͯ糿ԣ͵һ̧ͷҶ
ţ˵شʱص˹磬ڹһЩʱգȻһЩѣٴ硣Ҷͷ
Ѷˣͯ糿һ뵽ʲô
ǵġҵĹ磬һѷĹǣʺҵѶҪ
Ҷδʵ֪֮⣬һӹһǧ츳ʺõӣ׼紴ɣ
һΣͯ糿ѡ˳Ĭ
糿Ѿʽ΢ҵ뷨ǣɵӵһͬʯȥµɣɼ㿴أҶ˵˴еĿġ
ˣҶ磬һɡ
ͯ糿ЦҡҡͷȻûˣϾҸ׵ѪҲʧһᾡԼŬȥ׳
ðɡ
ܵͯ糿֮еļᶨҶûȰ
Ҷ磬и֮롣ͯ糿Ȼ˵
糿ֱ˵ܰ쵽ģһʮɣôʲôҶԣһȻЦ
뿴
ͯ糿ŵ˵

Ҷһع񣬵˵ͷã
£Ҷץסͯ糿֣һ˵Ӱ˲ʧΨɱȻĻǹڲ˵â˸
ɲǼ䣬˶ܵɿµɱ⣬ֹ
ԭŵɽһĲ
ᣬ˲ʧ
ͬʱ
Ҷͯ糿ǹڲУһ
ʱ䣬Ҷÿ춼顯֮֮Ȼ¶Ͱ⡣
һֱ룬ҶŮӻʲô
ͯ糿е⿴Ҷ֮еİζӣ̾˿գԸˣ糿޺
£̲ס˫ۡ
ᣬȻ¡


1983 𶯣
ʯ壡
شɽԵ
ͻƷ٣羰续
ȻҶһֱӽʯϿա
˿̣ʯַǷԵ˶Ƭɽˮ֮غ⡣
ޣ
ޣ
̫ˣ
ֱɾһ㣡
۷׷ףȫǰˡ
ǿʥأԪ֪ȵŨٱ
Ļؿ°빦
Ҷﻹ𣿡
Ҷ΢Цӭˡ
⣬̫ˣ
սս۵Χ˷ܵ⡣
ң
Ʋ죬һĵĵнǣһûӡ
˰ɣ
вˬȻһֻǸˣʲô°
Ҳ˵ģ֪һֻʥǣҸǳرǿɲѰ
ǻ𲻷
˵ֻͨĵطѣ뵱꣬ЩؾԪˮǲŽ˼ɾء
ǱһĻٿԪŨʮֹǵΣͷ
Ǻð
ҶǿЦͽˣ󣬽ʥɣ

˲ɴ۾˪һ㣬ˡ
Ǹĥĥߴߴ¹ϵش¡
ʲôʲôģ
ҶЦһĵĪ㲻Ը⣿
Ը⣬ȻԸ⣡
һ岻ݴǵӣͻȻ˼˵ԼҲҪİæС
ҶЦɫڣĺ޲طȥ
ǣ̫ˣ
һɥյĥ
գҶҲûɣΪɽϺǻ컻أЩıɽǲġ
¡¡
һʱ䣬ҡض޹⡣
ҶʩչֶͨΣڷԲǧڵĴϿ̻޾ƣһ
ʥ
ҶѰмصľòΧľȫϵγɾʥĸ֡
ı仯ôӵĿɿڴֱԼ۾
һɽһ㣬᳤գԶʯΧ
ɲǼ䣬ʯԪŨڣ
ҲûţʯΧ·µƣ£˷Ԫ
һʱ䣬ʯڵλԪŨʮֹҺ塣
ԡУˬǧë׶ſˡ
ҶΪ˻սս۵˶ռҪɽ塣
ԽҪɽ壬ԪԽǳӯ׽ױ֪ӡصۡ
һǧͨ
ԴˣЩû˿
аʵռҪɽ壬ǿȻ
Ҷ⣬޾ǿоһž޴ʯֿ̧ڣһɽǪ̈̄ͤ¥
󣬽ʯϿգƣ񵺡
ͬʱаʵҲûţ׷ԼɽϿٶ
æȻʱҶعϢҲ˳ȥΪ֮Ȼ
ʲô
ôܣ
ҶľȻˣ
ʧںôֻˣ
˹ŵĻɣ
סˣ׷ǲ֣ǰʯһ̽
һʧںǿеְȻĹˣɵǲ
պ󡭡
ʯȻһ£Ѿȫˡ
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ԶԪˮݷ裬ﻨ㣬ɽӲݶ˸žӨĹҩתơ
ȪˣϪˮȣٲӵңˮ̫·߲ʵĹâ
ÿ˵ĶҲϣСɽˮ֮䲶׽죬ЦһƬ
ֱѡ˱չء
ǿĻУֱ
ƽͿȸæΪЩǣǵ츳Ǳ
һæµ˶ˣӵһǧӹȻʾѣԪ壬пɵ壬Ѫ˫İȵȡ
ĺӣҲҲǾл۸ͯ
һ̣Ƕͽĳ嶯ˣҪѡԴڡ
Ҷûҽ̣ǽľҪ崫ǣǴΪڡ
¶֮һעػ
ЩӶǳɳؽһſҫ۵ǡ
֮ǰһҪǵĻι̡
ɸ¥ƽ𣬻Ҫغ·߶Զá
ݾ޵۹ʹߣҶʥ
̫ʥʹߣҶʥ
ʥʹߣҶʥ
ʹߣҶʥ
ݷʹߣҶʥ
˸ոհҲˡ
ջʯ壬ھȻɾһ㣬˲𾪡
ҶȻͨ쳹صֶΣȻнγ˫ķɵƣҲ̫ˡ
ȵıļʥغ͹ҡϴڵʹߡ
룡
Ҷһӣ󷽷ĽʹýʯϿյյϣһⰻȻĴнӼˡ
ݼҶʥ
ʹ֪Ҷľսʱ򣬲֪յСʿѾɳĳ̶ˣĸԸĹ
λضǶھӣԺλġ
Ҷ˿ûмӣ̧֣һ͵ʥо
һ֣ЩʹĪҶʱ򣬱ǵʥѹ
ңҶʥӢۣҲӡ̫ʥصʹ߽ҶĻ́ĵ
̫ʥصĵԣҵ롣
һ𸽺ͣѯʣҶʥأ֪ʲô֡
ԭʥأ
ã֣ؿ࣡
̫ʥصʹƨĵ൱
ú󣬶򡢱ĸʥغϴڣϴеʹҲ׷׵
һħںͷڶǲʹߣ˴۾
֪Ҷʥأ˷׷ףأʾԼʥʱƷء
λˣ
ҶЦҲҪǵĶһóȼ۵ĶǽǳԿġ
ҶкԼЩûôõĽ飬˵ǿѡ
ʯϣǿ°ĭſ¡
ҵҶ֪Ҷϲˣ򻹿ԸĸãҪǣɽ޷ãȱټĲϣ㲼óЧҲۿۡ
ʲôиӸң취Ҷ˵
ܿ죬ˢˢ㣬гһ嵥ѪʯˮѪʯȵȣһѣҶֱüΪЩû˵
Ҷŵʹ˵λһŵӣŸֲϣλȥеĻԸøֱȡϡ
ñϣ
ˣ֪Ҷ«ʲôҩ
ǻǴһ飬ʾһʵϱеĲϣض͡


1984 ˹
ҶҪˣ
ŸʹǵȥϢҲһµʯѸٴ磡
˽Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˸ߵһع͸˴Ҫɣ档
һƬȻ¡
Բ֮
һЩҶԹ϶ʿ䳰ȷΪҶ̫봴ʥأ֮עʧܣҵճ
̫ˣôס
ҡͷΪ̲ʥغ͹ϼվȽŸӵһϯ֮ء
оԶĹһǾĻ
п磬ûһ̸޷㣬ͱˡ
߳ϴۣӵе۱ĵ֮⣬˭˵Լࣿ
ƾõʷУʳ𣬹ת۳ɻҵ̫̫ˡ
ԶĲ˵ʮǰĵ۱֮սУһЩǧ꣬ļʥظ𣬱۱һɻң״Ĩȥˡ
ҶҪɣ̻̫Щܹ˳ҲѴȥ
ԭʥصλɽıԵҶ֮ìܣ˳ʥزŽйˡ
ţ֮˯
޶ԣԭʥ
δԤԭʥسĹУȻȷѪ꣬綼Ϊ֮
ȻˣҲһЩ˷ǳֹۣΪҶˣ˿̿ɣػ˳Ʋɵ
ΪҶһˣվĸȻĴ˭Ҷԭʥأ͵ںʥͬʱսַ
ЩҲäĿֹۣиݵġ
ȣҶԺӣԺǿĺܡ
⣬ԺԺ͵Ҳǳԭʥһ£ǾӲ
ѾλȻĴˣ鼰磬ܶ嶼Ŵ۸ӵĹϵ
⻹еңǰ׼۽ǿչ·ӪҶ沢δڡ
⵹Ըȥʱڱչ֮У֪飬֮Դһ˽ʥǣ͵ۼսһѡ
ǹؼʱ̵ۼҵ˵۱˭˭ӮϣҲΪҶһ
ҶһֱûгԼ˵ݣȴ˿ӰѪҺʵ
ĸѹ£ҶҶ̬ȿνһٰʮȴת䣬Ҳǰֺɱˡ
ҪǣǾ۱׼Ů˭֪۱Ĺϵ
ҶСʱʶ飬޶ȵ֧֡
Ҷʥأ۱Ȼᶦ֧֡
λ׼ۣĸλȻĴ֧֣˭᲻۵ȥ
ҪѰҲõʱźɧԼȥ
ֿҶսѾѹʥδʥ֮ʱնʮʥǿߣ֮£мܹ
ȻʥսȻǿе۱̥ҩ׷棬Ȼˡ
¶ķзʱʯҲ
ʥط׷ЯĲ϶׼ҶһЩ
Ҷֱӽǽ˰ǣȥЩ˳Ƥ
ţ԰ǲռԿļƷʣ϶ܹСĴۻȡ档
ԺʹҶʥѪľһףԭʥŲࡣ
ԺʹˣһѪľʺѪɢŨ
ԺʹҶʥһ飬ףԭʥǧ񡣡
ԺʹҲˣһ鰲ѹ꣬
ңʯһ飡
ΣļȲ죬Ҳ죬һʮ꣬СһеٮٮߣССѾڵǿˡ
壬˵ˣʽʥصʱء˵
СһҶһҶ
лл˼ʺá
ֲЦˣο˼صģҶȻҲ˼ΪһǳĽõƫС
˾ռռһ飡
˾ƵˣһռǲûɽĲϡ
̸Ͼʯһ飡
Ҳˣ겻øƯˣˮܽأҩ̣һ㡣
ˡҶʥҫʯ飬ףҶʥ鸣죬롣
˺ͺ˵ˣһЦĵһֻУǺЦҶʥܷͱˮƽⷦ

ҶЦǾȱ°ɣ
Ҷֵܣûɶö͸һ޺˺һЩƤ޹ǡ޽ɶģ㿴õŲ
ʯҰˣ޺˺Ƥ޹ǣԼ޽ǣҶĸжһ
ʹߣŮͮͮҶʥѪʯʮ飬ףҶʥһͳ¡
Ůͮͮˣһ̴ӣװʮöѪʯƤЦ
̭ǲǣ
Ҷӹ̴ӣŭ
л
Ҷ˵յϼ󶦣Ըҩʥ⣬дˡ
¸ܣʥѪ⾧Ө͸ɢ˵
˰ѾԻַǳ
ðװ
ԶںսƴƣһζͶսĴ£˺ܿѧ˵Ѿõľƴòֺ
ͮͮҲǳˬ֮磬ƱյһƬһ̺졣
̸ʥŮҲˣΪҶѪľǲģðֵӶֵˡ
˿̣Ҳȵòˣ죬̲תһǻֻܻ֮оƣЩˡ
ϵܣԺŸɣ籣̵֤ʱ𣡡
˺ȵͷˣս˹һǱΪӡ
𣬽Уսȫˣ˶ᣬȫź˲Ųûе
ƣĪͣһΪӹ󣬵ԸѡʥͽԼįΩ
սҲȶˣûīˮҲͼǵʫ׵׽ˣҲӦһƬкá
Ҷ֪Һܼ㣡˾߹һĽʺޡ
ûҲǣҲ߹Ÿ̳ӣһߣǾˮһ
ƾʲôƾʲôܵôĴ棿ƾʲôܵõ۱̥Ͽɣƾʲôܵõҩ׷棿ƾʲô
˵ţǰŲȺţһͨһˤ˸ʵеľ̳ɳȥһˤ˸۷飬ʱ硣
ܼӣܼӰ
ʱǴԶһĻ۵ֱ¡
һĵĺܣе˷Ѷǿɳܵġ
ˣ
Ҷ׹ȥٽĿ⣬΢Цʵ
ˣ
ǿһڣһߴһ˵ǲ֪Щϣɱ˶ᱦĶˡ
ɱҶһϽ
ԭʥظոճûʽǸɳɱ˶ᱦŭɡ
İɣ
ǹһھƣֵ˵ֲɵôƵ飿˵ˣǶҲõ뿪֮󡣡
뿪ҲҶ֣Ҷۣ÷ǳбҪͷѹһʱ䣬Լͱʲô¨ӡ
˵̶õôû뺨ͻȻһ䡣
һ˲䣬յ


1985 
۱
ؾ֮У
һʮŲ̊ϡ
پ£ѩںڵĳٲɢ˿ӨɢʥĹԡ
зǣ
ϣƺɻ˵Ӱ׷ֲϢ
ݣ
ŮŨԪûڡ
һܣڵһ֡
һһֻɻˣչ裬Χ֮Žɢȥ
Ԫľʣ
һĻ߶̲ס̾Ľѡ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣿˾˵ɱ䣬𾪣
ˣ
ŮֹͣԪӿȫڣγһԪӣ̨ͬһûˡ
ǡ
ˣԪɼ룬һƼ뻯᳹ɱ䣬ӭ
ɱֱ̫ˣò˼顣
һʱȥˣ
ʱȥˣ
ʱȥˣ

һһҹϵվ»ˮһԪӡ
䣡
ըŮɻ˰âѴա
ŮһХ죬ؾ
µ̨ľܣ顱һըһʯ
˿̣ڷɢĿǣɢʥϢʳ˼̻Ĺ㺮ӣȻַ
ӣϲ㣬ڻɵɱ䣡
һοŮг簮
ҶɣԭʥصϢ
ˣŮһȸԾѡ
ֱʱʾһŮӦеഺãɼҶĿжôҪ
ҪȥҴ磡
Ůһ˷ܣȲıҪǰʯѰҶ
ĿУûбȥҶҪˡ
㣬һȥҴɣ
֮ǰ˳ҵ飬ϣܹԼͬȥ
Ҷĸ飬Щһֱ
Լȥɣ岻ͲһȥˡǿһЦһ˿ӵĹâ
㣬ôˣ㲻𣿡Сֵʵ
ѳŮȴ˼˿̸Ӷìܵ
ͯ޼ɣ
СǾ䡰㲻𣿡ʱ鱾˵ĸʹ絶ʡ
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Ȼǡ
ǳ
Ȼ˿ȴܼҲҼ
Ϊ£֪ȥԡ
ɫ԰ף촽ڲоӨ˸
ãǿƽһ飬ǿջЦ㵱ȻȴڣҪʱ䡣
ڵ֪Ҷƽµʱôļӿ޾顣
һ̣оԼҸˡ
ٵȴҪҶ˼֮࣬õǺ˼طˮʹ
Ȼ֪ҶҪĹ˴ʱˡ
Ϣ統ͷһֱӽˡ
˼ãջѡӱܣûȥҶ
Ϊ֪εȥҶ޷ԡ
Ǻðɣ
СЩ⣬Щʧ䣬еĵ㣬ҪŶ
ģһġ
ǿЦζƿ̣˵ʲôζ
գ·ȥʯѰҶ
֮ʣ齻һ«
ʲô𣿡Сӹɻʡ
֪ڵǹ֮ģһЩ«ӡ֮ĵΪֲ
ҲǱɣ涫һռ
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ţ
СĵͷƤЦ㣬ÆŶǲˣ
СѾͷƬӣ㶼ҵ٩Ҳ˺졣ߵɺ죬Ҫ˺
СƤĻȴҲ嵭һЩеıˣ¶һ˿С
Ҳˣ߳ŭˡ
СЦڿնһֻˣԣԶȥ
СѾͷƬӣС󣡡㣬Цá

ǣ羰ɣ
Ӿ۱ܲǫֱ̂Ӻյǵķֲ
˿ûֱͣӳǣʯ巽ȥ
Ԧ磬۵糸·޾ɽءԭʼַɿ쵹˶ȥ
ʱһƬĮ֮أԲǧ̣ӲĴϣʯ֮⣬ֻһЩǵͺֲ׺С
ڴʱͻȻӦһǿϢڿٱƽжʱһԤеһ˿
ˢ
һӻһֻ˸ŵ󣬵סȥ·
Ѱ󣿡
һ㶣ɫʱѿ˻һ߳ĽɫȻǴ˵еѰȻѪѾǳˣ˾ôܹӦԼϵıġ
СѾͷ㵹ʶ
ЦѰ󣬹ԹԵİѱｻҿԿǸʹ죬ִݻܾҹɻ긯֮ȥ
΢΢üܹӦǰ˷ǳǿӲƴĻܿܲǶ֡
ȻԹԵĽǲܵġ
뵽һתЦλ磬ôҽˡ
˵ţһЩֵǮƷóͰ͵ȥ
ˣң
׹һʱһɱΧ¶ȶȻ½˲١
ĸˣ
С죬һίӣֵǮıˣûˡ
˵䣬ӹµµתϵĴˡ
ͻȻ֣˵һɫСɵо
Ƕ뱱̫ܼҵı־˾Ȼܼҵˡ
ھ۱Щ겢ûа״¸ǳ˽⣬ÿ嶼еı־
Ϊ·ⲻ¶־һҲ¶ţΪװ٣似ȴ첻ü١
̫ܼ൱ϵһң˿ʥز
ûпǰܼһٮٮߣѻѾڵǿˡ
κͶȫɺϡ
ոյõֻѪϡѪѰ׼ѰʧɽеһЩ챦û뵽·ѰͻȻ֨֨Уһ̣еĽ˸
ѰӦҾڸ
ɱŹԭȻѰָķ˹
ֻû뵽ѰӦľȻһʿϵı
ڸ֪ڵΪ֮㶯̰Ҫɱ˶ᱦ
ʺĻ֮أҲû˼ֻҪƯ㣬κκۼ˭Ҳ鵽ͷϡ
֨֨
ѻеѰһֱ򶵶ĵﲿλ飬ڸԼˣбûó
Ȼ㲻ʶʱǾ͹ֲˣ
ѻЦһѰһǰȥâ絶һ㣬ѿ̶ƿ
ɱˣᱦ


1986 
䣡
ս
ѻޱţâ棬ֱ򶵶üȥ
뵢飬ֶγҪ˲жȡ䱦
Ȼǧ˼Ҳųоǿ߾κ
üͷ΢֪һѪսºˡ
һ˲䣬̬Ҷ˼ѹ£ȫӭս
ϣ
ûжܣ֮ɢŵ⣬գѻâӭȥ
䣡
ʯŽط˵âײһ𣬻ӲĴضˣһƬ̳ա
ٺ١
ѻЦҹɣ̶
Ѿֱ֣һѪۣѪ䡣
һ磬ǵ蹵һ㣬ԽǰŮ
֪˭Ҳмֻ֪֪ŮҪˣ͹ˡ
Ѱ޾ԲŪŮϱ챦ܿͻˡ
ɫ䣬ѪڣܣָǾʹ̣ͷ·ˡ
ۿҪˣѵҪﲻɣһĲϵ³
Ҳһûм磬ҲҪ
ӿǿҵִӿ˵ֿٸԭһʥĹԣŮһ㣬ԪӿŸղһġ
Ԫ壬Ԫϣ˵Ǳ־ʣһɳΪ¡
ӵƿԪܣ˵ݽߣ֮ͬУܵУҲֺܽ
ԽսҲܽͨʿնɱ
ȻѻҲţԽսʵŻһܴˣʵĲ࣬޷ֲ
ȥɣ
ѻЦ˵ٸָʱ䣬չܼش似˫񴸣ݺ򶵶ȥ
߳
һ߳һУ˫տȻˮ˻ɻˣųҵĻ⣬ΧԪӲѻ˫ȭ
ϣ
˳ײһ𣬷ı죬ըŷ貵â̵۾
Ա˫ۣƾ׽Էȭĺۼ˳Ữĺۼն
ʯգر飬˴սΧȫһ޴ӣѺݺύ
飡
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ۣ
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䣡
䣡
䣡

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ˢ
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䣡
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֪ԼΪʲôᷢ䣬ȴ֪Լֻкôûл
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ѾʩչܼҵľѧŶԷѲµݣΪ󻼣ȫԸնɱڴˡ

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ѻҲһ㣬ЦһƸˡ
̫ˣУһܲп磬Ҳһ˳˵磬ͱҪѧɱˣΪ㲻ɱͻɱ㡭
Ժ˵һⲻǰ龰ʵд
뱻ɱͱѧɱˣ
ĽΪټ磬Ҫѧɱˡ
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ҽǣɳ
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꣡
˳ӹѻ˫ȭķ϶նâ絶ֱӽѻԴնѪ罦ɸߡ

ѻҽһҪ壬ȴѾʧȥ鿪
ӣ
ΨһͷѾˣܵúܳףȴͷ­Զȥ
Ȼʧȥ֧ţʣһͷ­ܷɶأ
Ҳˣѻƴ̥Ѻۡ
񾡣ҪԼκȻѾ޷⣬Ǿͱ뽫ɱֻ˲ûв
ԺٴĶضؽ̻壬һ̣·Լ˺ܶ࣡
ʵôпᣬҪúõػȥɱ˼Ǳģ
ˣ
ɳһ˲׷ѻͷ­һն£ͷ­飡
ţת߷𣬽ѻճɻҽ
ɻҵһ̣𾪡̿֡¡ڡʡ
һɲǣ˵Ļںޡ
Ȼһж̫ˡ
ĳɻңӡǳװʧ


1987 ɱ֮
һУҲ̱ڵϣһɱˣֱ
ң˿Ҳǳأ̥ѣɺԣмǿִ֧ţѻȥˡ
˵ز˾
΢ϢָһЩ֮ʯȥ
ٷʲô⣬ڵ״̬һʥ̥ʿ׽ɱ
һ·оգ
ʱʯѾңңѾܹʯϿյǸյ
硭
Ұ׵ϸֳһЦݣǰ󷢺ڣʱпܵ¡
ȻƾһɼִӲŰʯ塣
ҶʯԵ鿴ǲµĻɽͻȻһԶǶĶ
Ůʮ˱䣡
ڵĶѲǰǸСŮˣ϶ûСŮӰӣҶڵһʱϳ
ˢ
鼤ҶһֱӳڶߣĴַס
һ΢΢һ£ȴַסԼԼ˼ĺĴ磬ʱһϲ
磬ּˡ
԰׵ϸֳһ˿Σ˵
нǸҳˣǰһڣ赹ҶĻС
һ̣ô㣡
Ŷ˵壬Ҷ˫˵Ĺâ
һֱӽյϣתΪˡ
˵ĹУŷ֣жôأҲһ˿ˣȴƾżǿ־ӲǳŵҪôǿִ
Ĵ֮һϴˢ壬嫵ʥѵľֺ̥
̥һֱˣ˿ȴѾһϢ֪һҴս
˭ɱ֮
һ̣Ҷɭɱ
ҶΪ˵ͬʱ󣬹㳡ϾͭͻȻ΢һ£һӴзɳϢ˶ڡ
һĻñİǺͿȸ˿ʱһ
ҶҲ⣬ڽ붵֮ıԴϣѪȼһ㣬ҶĴ֮ƾܳ⡣
Ҷƾ˳ȥΨзڶС
⡭
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴԡ
˫ۣ˫ʶĶţȻ˷ӡһֻݷķһ㡣
Ů˭ѽôҶСô
ƽ֪ø첲ưǣСʵ
Ҳ֪ļң
ǽСҶĽ˵һ飬ʱһƬ̾
ʯǰ򵥰
̾ػɣʯǰۼǿߣΪͭǿȵ۱ʥ
ϻ㲻˵Ҳ֪
ƽĵĿ˰һۣҶСﶼѡƫƫѡ￪ɣѾ㹻˵ˡ
ûô򵥣
ȸ˫ĹâĵӦǵģΨк˵Ѫܽ份ѣʯ壬ǣĳλ֮ء
˶ԿȸⷬȫͬԽʯϧһֻжһȫˡ
ҶҲ̫ͭأԴʯ˽͸Լ֮Ȼһֱ֮
룬һͨׯôӵ
ʯǳأ
ҶͭǰĦⰻȻͭ˳˼֮С
һƷǳͨĶԲεĶϲصĿͼʻȣ򵥶
һһ
𶦣ǵ壡
ɴˣ뵽˵۱ÿһ۱京ģ̴˸
żҵ𶦣¾Ǻͭߵһ·ӡ
ɱ۵쵶ߵһ·ӡ
Ҷ벻ͨģǾۣȻ۱˽ڵ״ʲôԢأ
ѵǵǶҪڴ֮г
Ѿˣô²⣬Ҳµ۵⡣
ÿ־ڵ·ģڼԼıʱ򣬶ῼǵԼĵ
ҵıҵĵǷϣ
ҶַͭȻ˶״̬˾Ȳѡ
СǸ̥Ľš
Ҳˣʱܽ״̬ı£ɷˡ
֮ʮʮоţȥһΪڴ˴ʱգ׽
ҶнֻҪץסʵһν
ǹǱ־ģһ壬žŹһ
Լһǵıʣ
ҶлȻʣԸıڻͨԼĵ˼ᶨһ
䣡
һɰϢӶϯյ
ꡢ꣡
ۣâһ㣬Ѵ񷡣
ϢһŶգûжκӰ죬ֻǿȸһɫ
ʵϣڳȫʥǿߣڶѣôǿҲܶʥǿ߲κӰ졣
ңǺͻƽȸһʥ֣ȫܹԽսҶ֮⣬߾ھڣѹǡ
硭
ٴμҶǳСʹһͶҶС
겻Ҳˣ
Ҷ簮̵ͦһ£Ц˵
š
ߺŤһӣ뿪ҶĻйâһһ«
ҽģҪһЩϡ
˵岻Ծû㲻ɣ
ӹ«Ҷоģֺγ⣿
岻Ǽ٣ﲻ档
ҵȻ
Ŷһڴı飬Ҷƽ˵
ȻƽԴ
ܣ
ֱ⣬Ըᣡ
ֱ˿̣ף˼ܹܾͯ糿һܾ飬Ͳнյķ˰ɣ
ȻȴҲ֪£еʱ治Լġ
һ̣⸴ӡ
ԵģʼҪԣӱҲǰ취
ɽǰ·ͷȻֱһԵɣ
Ҷʱη£ѯʶʲôΪʲôôصˣ˭
ܼҵһš
ԼѻǰʵҶ˵һ飬Ҷǰû˿Լ״Ҳȫ˵ˡ
̫ˣ
˽ľǵ˶Ϊе¡
ڹؼʱ̣Ѫ˷ֱ
նɱѻʱҲǷǳðյģѻǿһЩܻܿὫɱˡ
鶼ѾȥˣȻøѪȫˣӵɲǱ
ܼң̫
Ҷ۾ˣɱ⣬ԭʥضܸоõǹɱ⡣
ܼûҪڼˣҶɫ͸Ȼɱ⡣
ܼŴŹżһǿչ·ȥɱ³ɺޣһ˶ϡ
һΣҪһս󻼣


1988 ıƽʥأ
ƽ̫ң
بδеĴ£ԭʥ˶ˣ
֪Ҷľˡ˾ƺŮͮͮ˶ˡ
̫ң񣬳ֳֵ˭˵ƽһоԶ̫ң
ҶҪ˼
ŮͮͮҶҪô嶯һ̫Ҳô򵥵顣
Ѿ
Ҷû̫ĻֻǼᶨıԼܼң
ǿչ·ʮûҶԷˣܼҲŪ
浱Լô
ҪֶβܼңӶ
οԭʥҪҪʥվȽŸҪ˶֪ûԺ;۱ԭʥһͥ
ܼңҶɱӺļֻΪ˫֮ԻĳԹ֣ܼҲĺá
Ϊϳ
һս£˶ףֻҪҶţ;κѣɱۣ̫Ҳ⡣
Ψǿ壬һЩĻ
ôͲأ
ͮͮЩ֪Ҷʥءϴڻ̫ң˲żüãڶ࣬һлɽоʥ
Щɽһ߶ǿ󣬼׼٣Ҳƿ
һЩʥغ͹͸ˣôܴôԶ
ܼܹ̫䴫еڣôܸġ
ңڰʱпܱһħ֣Ҳһӣ
Ųǣ
Ҷһ仰ͮͮƿˡ
Ǳܹţкͬһڰ٣ѱǲᵹԣô˻ᣬǲõѡ񣡡
ͮͮĬˣ޷Ҳ̷
ܼңȷ̫ˣ
ֻûпƣڵҶѾǵǸСʿˣѾʥؿˡ
ƽ̫ң̤˷ܣ
˷ܵҽУ޲̶򣬵ƽܼҡ
ƽҲΨ²ҵҪҶһȥ֤һʷԵʱ̡
ָң
ֳƷ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⡣
ɨƽһ̫ң˷ܣķѪҪˡ
̾ȥǣǵѻƶ
ʯҰ뺷͵һͿʯʥһͷҰĳҲһ㣬ҰϢ
Ƕͣ㣡
ͮͮЦãҶЩôһôͣƽһ̫ǶϷ
ƾһǻѪƽһ̫ңȥɣɽǾͽȥ
ͮͮ˵˵ÿһ̫Ҷмǿĵ̣һΣǱƿӡնߡ
˽Щ֮󣬺ܶ˶ĬȻˣĺ˺ʯҰҲˡ
˻ЩŴ󺷷Ȼ֦ͬûĵֻ̣һӰȥ٣ѱ
ʯҰͲͬˣҲһоԶĹϼ壬֪ڵЩӡŵĵ̶ôǿ
Σ
ǲмƲ죬ϣЩͮͮǸ࣬¡
ҵǿ빲ĽУҶǶڽС
£мĵɽ󽻸ˣַӿƽ⣬ЩνĵҶСһ˾ȫƽˡ
Ҳֹ̫ۣ
˾ɫص˵Щ̿ɲô׶Ըġ
ôҶС׼֮µһˣѹЩϰ𣿡ǲ˵
ѣ
˾ƿڣ˵Щ̶ԪѾϼһֻҪƿӡǱɣ֮ǰȴԷӳǿսƴһ׼ۼǿ߶û⡣
Ƕ׼ۼǿߣȻѪ˥ܣԪɺԣս꣬Ҳ߾ʥսʤġ
һƴȼԪʵֶݵ»ص۷սɱһеС
Щνĵ̻ڼֻҪƿӡǷս֮
ˣǲܼӿֲΪ޾ƴһʵǿǣҪսʤǶף˵նɱˡ
˾ռҲ̫ŴģЩϼĵзȨԲԶš
˽⵽Щ֮󣬰ǺͻƽǶʱˡ
ҶǺǿ󣬿Ҳ÷ֶ˭׼۾ǿߣҲƥС
Ͼ׼۴һ֣۷ս߾Ტۣ
һʱ䣬ԭ໽е˷·𱻶ͷһˮ侲
ӱܼңƾڵʵȷһս¡
ƽܼңγͺˡ
ɲŹܼңʵԸġ
ԭʥػûʽͱ۵ͷˣɫĻñСˡ
һʱ䣬˶û⣬ĿͶҶ
ԭʥƶߣֻˡ
սǲսȫƾһԿɾ
ƽܼң
ڴĿУҶˣϣ
Գؼ
һ˵ľݸġ

˽Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽֪̫ԹƵ£ľ
Ҷ֣˼Ҫ°˾Ȱ
İɣҲµģ
Ҷƽ˵Ȼˣ;ģκ˶뷨
УҲͬ⣡
ͮͮ󼱣Ҷվƽһʥرȼ̫ң̫Σˡ
Ҳȥģ
Ҷº͵һЦƽܼڱУȴڣڴ֮ǰһչһʱ䡣
˲뵣ǵĿ⣬Ҷٴ˵ǷİɣҲ׼̣֮ȻҪȥ϶ȫ׼ġ
ͮͮ΢һЩ
ΪҶ飬Ϊ壬֮ܲսҲԼӰȥӰһЩ顣
˽ҶԸһ£Ȼ˵ҪƽܼңôܼҾͱȻḲֻʱ⡣
Ҷӣʱһݣ
ʯҰ˵Ѿģܼɱ˸ӣǧ׸棬ˡ
ǣ
˺ͺҲʾԸҶԭʥعˡ
Ҳһݣ
˾Ҳ̬ʾԸԭʥؽˣ໥
ôˣ
ʱһ벻˳ˡ
޳񣬻һ񻷣oһ㣬òѹʵ̫ʥӹŰ˾ŷơ
ӣ
˾һȦˡ
͹껹ϵãսС룬֪ԼʵãȥսҲǰװûκ壬̲סҪˡ
˿̣Ȼټֵܣܲ
˾֣Ҹ磬ܹ̫ܵʥʥӣҽܡ
Ҷ֣
Ҷֵ̫ʥԸԭʥͬˣ衣
лл
Ҷ֪Ǵ̫ʥأԼˣѩ̿
ҶӣҲȥߥһүӣܷǳ֣ҲҪ
˷ݣȥ˵Լүү֣ڣϵ۱նɱܼҵЩ̻翳вһס
֪䣬ҶѾۼôˡ
ЩԮƽܼңָտɴ


1989 
˰ѾԻƽܼҵһЩϸڣһжҪӳ顣
ֱҹܶ˶˲ɢȥϢ
Ҷǣ콫ɽƣԱ˵İȫ
ַԸ˽аʵ˰źãǰ
Ҳյŵ֮Уʼչأ
Ϊ߾Ѱ似ѾûʲôˣҪǸش
Ҷʯ̨ϣʵġңͨɢʥ⣬o
֮ѭݣγһ΢ƽ⡣
һһѭݡ
߾۷壬ƺѾ߾ڣȴһϣѴơ
׼ۡ
ҶᶨĹâ޾һս
ϸϸӵе似κ٣˵ࡣ
رɲٿκα
Ȼˣ۱⣬ٿҲԿرٿص˵ĵ۱
깲Ѿ޵𡢾ֱѹɱꡣ
ĸΪɱ޳ɣ˺ܾҲûܷӳɱͳµһսͲôˣпܽնɱ
ȭϧûյսһ¥
ʥɱ۵ݻһз
߱ǹų춼߱ɱĿǹ֪ʲôģڵۼ似
ɱɢ֣
ҶǰɱﵣֱڣȻá
߱ǹһжʵܷӳƺֹ
ʱɣɱɢֵȷһָѪ֣ܵ·ɵѪдȥһ
һδٵϴˣԴ٣Լ־ıٵķ
ʹ췣췣ɱˡ
Ȼеռ壬ƿԶҲСˡ
壬ѾأӲ˫ͽִ鼫ƷʥӲ׼۱ѹ
֪ھ֮󣬻ᷢʲôĿȵ۱˰ɣ
ɷȭȭ֮ڶ˵Ѿȫûʲôˡ
ĴҲѳȻܷӳʲô̫ãҶţĴ򣬽һڵ·ߵĸԶ
ʵ˴һͳľ棬Ҳƽֵֽǽӵ磬еһЩڷˡ
ҶȻ㲻֪һһӵе似ࡣ
⻹ֺų
ȴҲʶһ⣬ɢ
󴫳УӵȱĹһʼȷܹսɳȥδǺ¡
οҪԼĵԼķԼЩǳϰ
ƣǼϣ˽Խ࣬Խ˸˵ķչ
ԼΪԿΪã
ҵĵ֮⣡
ҶʵѣǼӰ죬Լĵ

֮ǰĵԼľģһſŹΪ貵̫ӡʶ֮ϡ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢ֻءĴķҫ۵Ĺâ
翪ٵأмʮѨУ̫ͼת⡣
һ̣Ҷһĵۣζ
ֻأҺθɣֻԲ࣡
ҶоģԼĵơ
ֻأ
ʼֻȭͨ֮תݡ
ˣ
ȭֱӴգ֮һһ𣬷ֲı
һȭ֪ȥˣΪֱ֮û֮УֱΣǳգڱĵط֪
䣡
޾ԶһʯͻȻ飬泾˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ѹ˵ʥ֮һɻٵһǳء
׼ۣھּĨ壬һǳ
ҵĵҵ
ҶҪԼÿһλ۶ԼĸȻۻңԶҲӦ׼ˡ
죬һһʯһ㣬ݻԼĵԼ
ҹ棬ֻأ
Ҷ·һ㣬ûаϢʱ򻹻᲻Ծ¶֮˾塣
ڼ䣬˾ƺ͹Ҳɹ˵ˣŴʯ塣
ȸдˣҶ֮󣬱
Щ¶ܽУû֪ʯҲʱˣÿ˶ŬԼΪ
ΨдӻĴЩڵĺܣ˺ͷۡ
һʼʱʸлûȥúǵһɽˮĵطˡ
ȻǵʸѾȫʧˣԵ롣
һЩСҪؼңս˳ֱͷ
̹˵ҲЩϰߣϾڵô꣬Ȼı˻ҲЩŤ
ȻԪȵ֪Ũ˶ٱȴûеϵĸ߿ƼͨѶȫ˰裬綼Ĺˡ
ò׽һȺӰǹԹԵԼйԶٷ
ҳ˳̰ˣʲô°ԷʱսԹѡ
ûС˵ӲеŮˣǺѣûнԼĳԴ
ʡʡɣˣе𣿡ҹڴ
˵Ҳǡ
սݺݵ˺һ鹷ȣһ߳ԵһԹǸʲô簡綼ûУÿҸоԼصŴȥˡ
Ŭɣ磬ģҹ̾
֪֮ԼС˵ЩʥǿˣҶЩѣһ׽ԼŰ
˺ǿΣУҪʵĽࡣ
ֱڣǻûм壬Ǽˣ֪ʲô顣
֮ܶԭʥõһ淢չֻʮ꣬ԭʥرؽ
죬ʯҰҲˣһҰŵǿߣÿһ˶ƤʢѪ
дǵǻƽȸԸ°ʺϺȺүӴ򽻵
ƽȴһһǸСƦӣ߻ʹ棬
ֻǵȺүһˮӣˡ
˭д˭дҪϢˡһ䳡滰һˡ
Ⱥүӵ̫ˣ·
ػɣٲߵĻȺŵүӻ᲻ὫƤڻֱӿ¾ơ
ȺүҲܿͰﵱɼˣʱĳȥһȦ㿸һͷʮɵ
֮󣬺˺ͺҲˣλϺˣок˵үү졣
ʱҶҲԼ֣
֣ѹһж֡
һָȻֻǲݴȴѾʱռķ򣬸ֻطڣһѹǱɵģܹ֡
Ҷһ֣һ߽ǹͽԪطм
Ҫǿ̬ǿѹܼңһս


1990 

Ⱥɽ
͵УӳųƬĽԴ
ˮٲ羪ףɽҩѱּ
̫ܼңƬɾһɽ֮С
ɽ裬գ
ܼҵϵӻԦ磬ղ飬ϵؽԵø֣˲
Ϊʥؿ̫ңܼǿӰ
ܼʥһǸϲŭɫһɲĸо
Ȼ˿ȴɫ࣬˫лϵļⲻԾĳ鴤š
ղţ
ڸղţõϵӵصѻȻɱˣ궼ûӳ׻ҷ
ǰһڣʹȥ
ѻܼ½ţʥ⣬ؿɳʥɻӼǧܼ꣬ʢ
Ȼ
еϣˣ
ˣ˻ɱɽıԵ֮ĻĮ֮У飬ɻҡ
˭ɵģ
ܼʥɫѿ˼㣬˵飬һ鵽ף
޷˵飬˭ɱǼδϣ
ǡԭʥأ
ǰĵҧгݣȻ˵
ԭʥأ
ܼʥһ㶣һʱûӦ
ҶĴʥءԱѵ

ܼʥɫ˲ӥ۾׹⣬һŨҵɱ⡣
̫
ܼʥɭҧгݵ˵ҶģܼƲ
ʥϢŭ
ܼһ̫ϳĵʥӳ飬вçײ£ǵΪ𣬷п벻ľ档

ܼʥ˵ȷҪúıһŪɳ׾źɧ
Ҳ֪ڵҶѽȣʮʥǿ˵׾ˣûһ˻ƾǼ壬ҪҶǲܵġ
ҡżҡҡƼ塭
ܼʥڴϲϵⲽ뵽һƣԸ˽Ŵ峤̶Ըԭʥصˡ
ʮʥǿ߱ɱЩҲҶ֮ǣֻ֪Ŀŵıˡ
εÿΪһ³ɺһ㡣
ҶҪԭʥأ϶ᴥܶ˵棬ûжԸ⿴ԭʥ𣬷ĵ⡣

󣬾ŴʥԼܼء
λ֣գҽǺҪͬһǳҪ飡
ʮʥ룬ܼҼȿڣء
ʲôҪ飿
żʥüͷ΢һƽ˵
һֲõĸо˵ﲻס
֪Ҷıۼʱûֻˣ
ܼҼ㿪˵
ҶС̫Ӳӵۼߣûʱ֮У
ڵûнɱҡ֮У׳ɳǸҶȥһǿߣ
ǰ֪գӦðŷս

ò˵ܼҼú׼ȷҶ󣬸ʥ֪ûҳ֣Ҷ֮ǣһᵽҶߡûڵ

ܼҼʥĻº󣬹̾˿ۿ˵ע֪ҶСλҪģ
ʲô
ѲҪǸҳֲɣ
ǸҲҰɣ
ܼʥĻٴ˻Ȼ
ѾôˡܼҼ̾˿һŭ
ô£ϸϸ˵
żʥˣһ°
ġ
ܼʥѻԭʥص޹ʻɱϸ˵һ顣
ȻˣһжֻĲ²⣬ްƾʵݣֻԼĲ²Ųɡ
ѻԵ޹ʵԭʥظɱֺҶſ̹ǵĳޣԭʥص˸ɵĻ˭
ҶС̫ſˣżʥ̲סŭȡ
ΪҶĸϵ飬Ҷżѽ³ޣַγͻÿһζԹżҳԿգùż¶Ҷ֮ǣ
һ£Ҷ󣬱ܼҵţżʥߣ˸ɭɱ
Ҷļֱûнҵȷ
ܾôˣ
һҪۣ

ʥҲŭ죬ͬʱľ
Ҷɱܼţ˭ܱ֤ҶҶǼеһ֣
Ҷڵʵɱţֱͬ׼һף
仰˵ҶԸһֵĻûӵùɱ
λҶСĺֶջͲɱܼҺڱǿչ·飡һܼңһֻ˭
ܼҼʥĵǣȴλһ룬ֶκرԸŹ𣿡
һ仰˶Ĭˡ
һļž·Ĺһ㣬һƬ
֪ܼʥ˵ûҶ·˵ҪĻԲֻܼңǱʮ壡
Ǹô죿
ʥǵ˵
ʮУǼΪСǰˣĸֶûУҶǶǼչĻûС
µֻнˣʮ֦ͬһһپ٣໥ʥ
ǼʧȥѰλһǧɣҵĵˣҶһ˾ƽǼ塣
ûµֻܰȭͷ߬ˣҶСףκһ壬͵Ǻʮ忪սƼʥҲ˵
Ҳֻס
ʥҲ׷׵ͷ
ȻǴоԶ̫ż壬Ͼǵ壬ûе۱
Ǻ͹żҽˣӵ˵۱壬ҶǿҲɣ
׼۲ô죿
ܼʥʵ
޷
żʥЦҶС£׼۸ҲµĻҼҲ֣
йż壬ϲ˲ҰСӣ
ܼʥһʯ˵ء
ҶȴҶ׼ǡ
һ׼۳֣ɨƽһ̫׾١
ڵõżʥĳŵ׷ˣżҵλɲ⣬׼۲֣żӦʣµģ治塣
ҶСɱܼҵӣǰܼԸ
һ졣
ܼʥǿƳҶԵܼҸһ˵
˻һ»Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽ܼҾȻǿƣȻüɵҶȥĻԭʥҲûҪˡ
ܼҼȻǿƣ̣ܼưոݣ
һ죬ĿⶼͶԭʥأҶӦǿƵڵѡ
̵Σܼ̫
ǵʱͲˣƿڴ޲ɱܼңƽ
ûܼӵȶԶ֣ȴɱܼӵܣҪҶȥ
˺ͺ˶ܼ̫޳ܣдȣҪɱ˶ᱦʵñɱ˵Լܺһڣ
û˵ģ򣬰ǵѻƶ֪֪
ʯҰȺǿ߸ǺսӣҪֱӽ̤ܼҡ
ɱɱǸȮ
ڵߣû۵СӶȱˡ
ЩǿǿŲ⼸һֱɭɱ˲ޣеֱӳԵеɹƳɣ׼ߡ
ȺҰźԮһɱڣǿȸҰסĻܼҺһ̣ǾҪɱȥˡ
һССܼңҲҶȥǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ܼˣ
˾ǵЦڵȣȴҶء
䣡
ʱ
ҶߴӰǰʥ⣬һһ㣬Ӿʮء
ҶСӣڳˣҪٲصĻһѻѬӭȥ˵
ôˣ
һܵӣҶַ֪ʲôˡ
ܼë˵ԭʥصɱܼţԵԸ
ߵؽԭί˵һ顣

Ҷԣܼڵķŭӿ֣ߣҾȥҵҪܲܳܵ𣡡


1991 ɱܼ

Ҷ˵ĸܼ֮ҵ˱עˡ
ǣΪѣǳ
һʯ˿˿ʥȻһȱʥ
ָң
սʿʢѪһ㣬Ѫڡ
ƽɽ壬ͬβݣ
̫ʥǧڴ𣬱̫ʥս׼
޲ˣս޲ʤ
˾ռսʿҲڴս߰ޱȿܣ׼һ춯صĴս
ѪҺҪˡ
ǵ˱̼ĲҪҪģź̫׳ˡ
ܼҲ뵽һ֮Ȼ
ʯѾȫˣû֪ڷʲô
һβͨսƽɽ壬Ȼýʲô塣
Ҷһһ˹лǿţ
ѿ̨̻Ҳ趨ֱӿţա
̨ڸ˸йţֱﶫ򱱲
СС̨Ȼôͬʱɡ
пռڣһб㶼⣬ǧսʿսʯռ䣬˾ռĵ˾սһžС
ֻʮûбսռУ̨ţնȥ
򱱲
Ⱥɽѣǻ̵ĳɽ룬ԭʼ֡
Ƭϣ˿ڶڼ򣬰ٷ֮ʮ˼вǻȶ޳û
ʱƬ߸궼ܼӰпݡ
֮£ܼռݵͥһʥأɾ
໺𡭡
ʾĲҡ
ǦƵͳ޹⣡
ھܼǧ⣬ſҶ˴ݵƬϡ
û֪һĴսҪˡ
Ժڰ󣬵һĴУֲ̫ҡ
λ̫ףû˴͵ȥ
輴ɣ򵽶򱱲ֹǧǧѾǷǳȷˡ
һ·УƬ̱㵽˾ܼǧĵط
Ҷ˽ƽɽĴų˼򵥵İš
ԴǺͿȸƽǣǿ
̫ʥʲţʯҰүүǸ죬ţ˾Ǻ˾ү󺷷˺һš
ķͷܼػϣƴֻ֮ɱ
ȻҪɱɱףɱԭʥص硣
һսҪ磡
ĺ𣿡
ͮͮЩ̣Ͼ壬ɱ᲻̫ˣ
ûʲôõġ
ҶĮ˵˾һߣҾһɣҪңҲҲߣɱɱҪɱ
̫ˣ
ͮͮҶȻɱ⣬·ѾԿʬɽѪɺӵĲ״
̫ˣ̫ˡ
Ҷƽ˵ûҪֶ˭ڵˣֻ棬ԣԱƱɱֹɱʱǱҪġ
ǶԵġͮͮ˵
ҶⷬΪʵпʵ
ɱ
ûжĻҶһֳ֣·ܼҰΧ
ÿ˶ǳĬһԲʢѪڱڣµɱӿ
ʲô
ܼҲõİڷ˴Ҫʲôˣֻûڣһüģ飬üĳһõѪԵ
ͬʱŵİҲ˹ĴȻͶŵİһûüʾ㱻ɵˡ
Ҷ޺ŮֱܼͮͮŶȥһ·ϣڻǰڣһӹҶĻɱ
Ҷ糱ǧ¼ٵ׷ǲܼҵİڶ˵ͬ裬ָˡ
к֮£㲻
һȻӣָҶ̫̣Ȼ¾仰ͱ¶ıʣôҲȸǼɣܰͷˡ
Ļ˻ͮͮˡ
ǧ룬Ҷ˵ǵָ¡
һ̣ܼҴǰ
ΧԪĳӯҶпܼһѡط
ﰲңȷü峤ʢ˥ƾػͱһļҪǿϲ١
ɽˮ㣬Ԫ뵣ӻ涮ܡǴֵ˵
ҶѰۣۿɽص磬ܼﾹȻʢ
ϧעΪܼҵľǡ
ѰѾɣ仹ûԲȴɿˣƿء
ĵط޵еģûսʤ
ϣ㻹ˣ
ܼҴŴһŵʿ´Ҷһ˵İɣ
ү
ûҶ֣ǱֱȥſѪڣҧĲҽ
ȻͷʥĶǿУ˱ѾעƬ̱㱻ҧˡ
ޡ
һ߶ĵ¿ˮһѰһɽȪڡ
ԹôѪ⣬Ӷİƽĵ٩
ģбԣܼ˵Ѫǳģ޷졣һһ
ŵĲֻһˣʣ˶ˣһʱ֮侹ʾˡ
ǷӦʱһжˡ
ȸ˫쵶նȥֱӽն࣬ɿա
ûҶôٶȣ˿Ҳƽˣƽɽ壬һʥصս졣
ܼеİڣһܹʾȫնɱٳ£
䣡
ҶֱָӺ˴ţȥ
ֱ˿̣Ԥе˲˾ӣ֪ͨˣд
Ҷ⣬˫֣ûгֵ˼гֵܼҵӣȫǺͻƽɱһ⡣
һ̣ٳ˳ȾݣΪ·
ϣŮ飬ȻҶɱ¾ȴҲûֹΪһ͡
ˣ֣쾯ӣ
·̫ˣûһܳɹʾֱ˿ǲ֪Ҷģɱģֻ֪Щˡ
䣡
ҲʼսܼΪһ̫ŴʥرȼӴ壬Ȼ
ھƶϣвٹ䣬ķκη紵ݶӲǵ۾
ȻȴûʲôãʥǿߵУЩͬ裬һĳȻ顣
ϵ¶ǿʿʥĴ£ӳ˿ֲսһݿ࣬ҡ
壬ѱΪֲҶź󲻾ãҲˡ
ˣдɱˣ
ӳܼһţ˶ʧ룬δıʡ
ܼҵľѾǧûˣǿԽʧȥ˾裬ǷӦʱһжˡ
ܼΪ̫ңȻ㹻ǿкܶյ񵺣вȫϣٴ䣬ǳ׳ۡ
ȻڿҰĴǰЩ߹һ㣬ֱӱˡ
һһķѣ׹ȥ
һҺܼĸ߳ӭС
ʲôˣΪιܼң
ܼǿߴȡ
һж̫ˣķűƣͬһʱɵģǿܼҲסˡ
ɱǵˣ


1992 ǿƹ
죬죬ľ󣬾ɱǣ
ܼʥ˫Ѫ۵Ĳʹȥ
ȲݼҰ٣ܼҵľӢһƬĵ¡
һһڱ飬ڿҰĸǰûʲôܹ赲
ڣܼҷӦʥǿƴɱסĹҲѪĴۡ
꣡
쵶磬գɱϯ˻ģ˺߶ֱӽܼҵһ̫ϳˣƺһѪ֮ꡣ
ˣ
ʯգѪǳ˲񷣬ս⺳졣
ۣ
һܼҵ̫ϳϴɻ벻ʣ˰ͷ­ɱɻҡ
һɱѪе£ܼ⵽Ĵ
æУܼ㽫Ӽľľˣʱ췭ظ޾и֣͸˵ɱ
ǣҳ壬̤ƽܼң
еľ޸һȣﳤ磬·ϵǳն
սʤؿˣ
ǧսʿִ֮ϣ춯صĺһ޼᲻ݵĺݿ࣬Ӳǽľ˺һӡ
ͬʱ̫ʥصʥҲ˴ʥӣ𶯳Ӳסʱ䣬ײһڡ
ǾʲôˣΪҪܼңܼʥɫҰףԤе˲ľҲסɿҰĺ
ңҶصˡ
ҶĮܼϿף쳹
˿̣ն˿絶־֮ˡ
ϰף󣡡
Ҷǹǣ´ۼɱɱľ
ͽҰɣ
˷ܵҽУѿ̻ǫ̃ķ֯һƬֲ磬·һ㣬ϴ۵Ϣ
䣡
һϢۼɱֱײܼҵľľ󣬴Ƭͬʱܼű俪һ޴ȱڡ
ʲô㣿
ܼŭû뵽ҶȻǿƣҶһоԶ̫Ҿ
ƫƫһĻͷǰӼľľ·һɸӣֱӱ˴湥ˡ
Ѫڷɽǰ㣬Ѫڴ˿̽֯һ˼ĲҾ
ܼܶҵϵŭ𣬷ĲʣȻȺ֮ʦǵ³ֻһǾ
Ѫ죬ս
һȺ֮ʦ֮ɽѣ֪ж񵺴̤촷ۡ
˵һս˵һɱʡ
ָûܵסǧɱ۵ĵ۱ֻܴ߷һƵҲܼܿġ
ʯգնһ赲ܼӵܱɱ
һӲ絶Ƭܼҵɨ䣬½һ㡣
Ѫڷɽʬ׹䣬ޱȵĲѪȡ
ܼң̫ʥغ塢˾ռвС
Ҷǹջأǹһȵɱܼأǹâһչܼҵϵǿ߷׷ױ漫ҡ
ɱɱǣ֮նɱ
ܼҵľȫˣ߶ֹһʥ˷ˡ
һ̣˶ɱ۾κλﶼãΨѪƴսס
Ҫôսܼ֮壬ϳױĨȥҪôҶһȫսûбĽ
ڣҪһ׵¡
˵ܼѾɽˮĵزҶѾ˾ľɱ˽Ψбˮһս
ҶСҪſ񣡡
ܼһʥǿ߳ŭҶһʥҶɱ
һӡ̫һܼɷӡɱɽӣǳܲ
һ̣ӡƣһƬѹ䣬Ҷѹӡܲصۣϲ֮֡
ҶһǹֱһĳһΰɱԻݺݵװڴӡϡ
䣡
â貣·һ㣬йɴϢܼأܶΪµܼҵֱӱ
꣡
ӡԻı壬Լ𣬲Ѻۣ漴Ȼ飬ʯա
ʲô
ܼҵʥ󺧣ĵױæȥ
һֱûнҶΪԿʵ
ֱ˿̣֪ԼĴ
ȻȴѾΪʱҶߣֻȭ˲ա
ۣ
һȭ
һȭҶ㽫ֱӴ򱬣걻֮ʴ
һĻܼˣĵױ
һ̣УҶֱһɱһ㣬ɱ񣬷
ˢ
һӰƮƮλƣǳýֱӴգٱƽҶ
ܼҺ֮һּߣʵǿֲѾﵽ߾۷壬ֻ׼۾硣
ԪɺԵĻϣ׼۾磬Ӷ
ɱʱԳԾʱͻɽÿһ޼ѰȴҶЩ鷳
ʥڣÿһʥ˶Լһ档
ƺȶָƼз͵ת˸
һϣɱ
ܼλʥǿߴǿͻƣսţΧҶҪ̵ʱڽе
Ǻ̫ʥء˾ռ֮ԹǣҶģֻҪ˲ơ
ûһоԶĹ᲻ϧƵĺһʥصļġ
ϣ
ΧҶڶ˵۱̥ǹһʧɫһƵĴϢ
ۣ
Ҷǹɨֱӽһܼҵ̫ϳϳˣҲǿҵɱ顣
ţҶٴγǹأֱӽܼʥǺ«һ˸͸
ֲɱǵ˲ǵ

ܼҵʥִУгԶӶݡ
𣡡
Ҷȳ깲ֱӺ˵֮ϡ

˵꾪һ󶶶֮󣬳ױ飬ɢˡ
ͬʱ˾Ҳɱ˽ǰʬɽѪɺӡ
ۣ
չʾݿĳ˹ʯһӣܼҵӳƬĵ£ǿҵսˡ
̫ʥҲɱ˹ͷӣɢ⣬һȭѪŽ
ҲûţҶܼʥǿߴսĿյҲնķᡣ
ǴСУͷϽ𶯳һƬãã׹⣬ܼҵӵû鴤ͷ°ĭ
ƽҲ³һƬĻƽ𣬽һƬƬܼǿ߷ճɽ̿һɽζ
ȸᣬ·һ㣬Ϲžɫɨɵ
Ҳһλʥǿߣпȸһ츳ܣƥ߾ڵǿߣѰʿвһ㡣
ʱҶսҲβٴǹƾһȭͷͶӲ
飡
ҶܼҵӲ˾ŻƬ񷶼ˣвϳֲֿĺڶ
ʮ
ҶȭɽգҴһ赲Ӳֵͷ­ˣѪ˳졣
Ҷȭͷ׹˸˸ֱӽɱɿա

ʥ̣
󷽣ܼҺܶ˱ţ޷
ȻҶնɱһλҪĴ


1993 ̥
ºɱҹ߷Ż죡
򱱲̫ܼӭһԵĴ
һӶӿҰ˼ո
ݽ棬ܼط·޵Ѫǡ
ʬɽѪɺӣ
һɴ̱ǵѪζŻ
ɱ죬Ѫţڵ㡣

ҹδߣ
ҶĻͷ𣿡

ʥüҿ϶
ȻʮʩѹҶԸҲܻܿ᲻мһˡ
ΪҶȥҲǱʮҶڽһЩıǣҲﵽĿġ
ͬλڱʥᶨΪҶһȥ
ɺܼ򵥣ܼռҶЩ׼ۣҲĿŵİҶ»ڸ
׼۶ǰϧëģıҪԲ֪ǿг֡
һ˵ǳ֣Ҳйżҵ׼۵ֵӰ쵽ơ
ʣҶһˣǿҪһص̫żȻǲܵģ
Ҷĸð֮踣ܼҵǴмһ˵Ļ½֮ء
Ҿ
ʥǸֳһЦݡ
ĴΪԶҪᣬҶؼմѰ
ǼĲ֮أȻȴҶϴȥˣǼĵλһǧɡ
ʱҰ磬ÿһ߳ĵӣκһжΪϱ
ԱεĴʥɵ
ϴ֮Ի͹ż֣ǲ߾ʥԶ뿪ˣȥɱҶһҪĿľԭǼѰ
һΣѵã˴㣬ֻҶܼûҶѰ
Ҷģҿճ
ͬʱ
Ƽһ±ߣХԣĮң
ɲصأҶѹƵĺܲңǱϴһգ˸⣬ڳ˶ϱƣǸܡ
ˣܳʱ䶼̧ͷߵﶼڱָָ㣬Ŀ⣬ɱ˵Ķˡ
һ뵽ЩХһץĳ嶯޲ýҶ˺ˣԱ֮
뷨ǲ࣬˺ʥһΪҶαضͷǰܼ
Ҳ˺ʥһΪҶѱʵ׼۳ܾʹ˵ͷ
ֽǶţҲǸҶһ壬Ŀŵıǡ
Ǻ£˵һ¡
һҶվ˽Ÿ»ᰤչѪȵı
һУҶǵһʥģսȴھ˵һһʥǿ߶Ķ֣
ڣܹвģΨ׼۶ѡ
׼֮£ǧ޶֣


żң
ؾ֮Уһ׵ľ޴Ʒʯڼ̨֮ϣɢҫ۵Ĺâһ̫һ㡣
Ʒʯ֮УһߴӰӡ棬絶ۣӥǣ촽絶С
꣡
żʥйâһֱӸ󣬽Ѫڼ̨ϣвгϵľģؾϡ
ˣ
̨âţѪ죬Ʒʯڡ
̫棬˼ˡ
żʥгһξģϵߵף𶯳ʯеӰͨ
¾ң
ãʯеӰһ겨żʥѯʵ
ûУ̫棬ġ
żʥͷҲ̧꽻ʯеӰ˵Լļƻż̫
ǴȫܼҵնҶϵ
ѿҶԸ񣬾ԲκвܼҲƾʵݣóȻǿƵҪҶҶ벻ưոݣпܼܶҳ֡
Ȼ
Ϊʥؿ̫ңܼҵĵҲǳ׼ۼǿ߱ӡڡ
һҶǿƳ֣ܼҵ֮ʣȻ⿪ӡ
ʱܼҵ̱ɻɱҶ赶ɱ˵ļƲ߾ȫɹˣͬʱܼҵʵ
ĵ׼ۼǿְ߳Ҷסܼҵĵ̣һͲɿˡ
鷢ԣѪݣ̫ڹؼʱ̳֣סҶ׼ۣΪܼҵ̴ᡣ
֮ܶĿֻһǾǻɱҶɱڳɳĹУĻᡣ
Ҷĳɳٶеľ̶ʮ꣬ɳֵزƸǹž
⣬ؿ֤ûֹĽŲ
Сϵ󣬲ܴӵۼ׼һӿռл
Ҷսǿչ·ʱ򣬹żżʥıƹҶ֮չأ˿̳˹żʥĻЩȣɱ˸뷨ǶԵģСϱɳҹżҵȷǸв
ǰǿչ·ʮ˳ǵõҩ͵۱̥ˣһܱȡżʥ˿˵
Ȼ
һΣĻ˵꣬żͫ΢΢Ŵ󣺡µ棿
ǧȷżҼ֣صͷ
գ
żЦһȻˣǸϲҪǻҪ˻õҩ͵۱̥Ҫõһ
̫棬˼ǣżʥ⡣
˵ϼȻֶԸܼңô֮ΣǼ׼۲ӲܣʱǱԴܼҴһ¡ܼҿԣҩ͵۱̥Ҫǹżһ
̫
żҼԣȻʣæ޵

Ŵ̥ͬʱ򱱲ܼصɱˡ
ѪȷѾսĲңܼ䡣
ɱ
ʬǱأѪˮɺӣɽ飬ϵµԣɱ졣
ǧ̤ܼңսѾĹͷͳɱɱܼҵ֮С
ɨɱնǳܼӱֱնѪࡣ
ʯգһյڱʥ飬Ѫɣɿա
һɱ¾Ļһʢ磬һ

ҽдһλ۷ǿ߱Ϊ룬һӰʬһ
꣡
ܼһǿ֣߳ɱ⣬̫ʥصĵɻҡ
֮ɱ㣡
ĸ׳ˡ
ҶУ֮ǰɱ۵Ĳִд˸ĸס
˿̣ĸ׺޳ֲ֣˹
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

һɱгûսʿնɱʮˡ
ǧɱۿļɱ·ﵽһ㣬նɱһ
գɣ
˾ӭĸףչֱӳſһƬգɱȫս޾֮С
˾ռҶСܼңк³ģ
ĸ˫Ŀѣȫһƴƣļɱʩչ˼¡
Ѿʥ˿ʩչɱ۵ɱȻһɱ
ۣ
˾һ㱻ͷ­ڲһ˿ڣѪ罦ֹ
··ϼį
ʱ
ҶһһӣлǹȻ̳һâ˲䶴׵塣
ۡ
һ̣ĸ׻ըѣɢ
Ȼѳʥȴ޷ֵҶһ




1994 Ѫ䣬ɱŨ

ƴˣ
ܼһ뱯ɫˡ
ܼȫһƬɱһԵôĴ
ǿµģǲƽκκɱɱ
Ϊʥؿ̫ңܼҵ̷ǳǿ󣬲ֹһʥ
˿̣λʥǿ߹ͬ߶£ɱ⣬ɨա
ۡ
ۡ
ۡ
̫ʥأ˾ռ岻ٵӶɨ࣬ɻҡ
ˣ
ʯУһƬ⻪˻ڣⱻʥɱ
¡¡
һƽսֱײ貵ĹâݺɱʱгƬսʿΪѪǷ䣬Ŀġ
˺߶ֱӽܼһʥǿͬʥһ顣
вѪ֮꣬ϸʪѪ⣬Խอڴϻ˺һ㡣
̫ʥҲ˾ӣס˶ԷһʥͶԷս
ǺĵܼȴĲΪÿһӣǵʵһ֣ȥĻر塣
ʥԾնˣʱһƬƬĻ죬µС磬ʥⴹ䣬춼ǡ
ػˮתԪײ֯翪ٵأ
еս񵺡ϱ飬ʯͲƬĴɽգܼ˶⣬лΪѪ
ڵ㣬ʥסҲ޼£ʱƣޱɱ١
ȻܼΪȱĴʥһĵ۱һ˵۱̥
λʥǿ߹ͬ߶£׸ɨһ赲
۱ʥڱ֮𣬸˵ǧɱ۵ϵ۱ӵ޵е־Ϳֲɱ⡣
ֻɱ̫ǿˣǺ˺߶ҲҪɱķɣܹӳ
ͷϽһƬףܼܶ˶ֱ˷ɻҡ
ƽһβܼɨһƬ˶ֱӱ顣
ܼһʥǿߣһƬƽա
ɡΣƽﵣ§ͷǶı뷢԰׵ܼ̫ϳȥ
ҹͷ
ƽǳ֣򣬶ÿγǰضȳһȱʽ֣㽫ܼҵ̫ϳըˡ
ȸҲܼһʥǿߣһֱǺɨһеɫ⣬ֱӽ˼ͷվˡ
ܼȻǴоԶ̫ңҲӵ̫ʥǿߣһԡѪɱǵʥǿټ
ۣ
ƽȷֳʤܼ̫ϳϱСƦһӹֱûƽұԴ׻Խɢɡ
˷ˣ
ƽԻ壬Լɣ̫ɣһա
꣡
һڽܼ̫ϳȥѪǵ䣬ֲ
ţȸҲɾĽֵͷ­ն£ֱӽʬʳˡ
пѪʳʥѪ⣬ѪеľٽѪᴿͷ档
찡
ܼҺܶ˾Ķˡ
⻹ô
ԷʥޣÿһʥǿߣټλʥǿߣǾ
Ҷһ˻ǹǹָҡ
һʥֱӱ飬ܼ̫ϳս߰ˣ˶ҶĻǹ֮¡
Ѫ䣬ɱŨ
ҶĴݣвǹÿһγһƬ
ߣӱʮ겻
ɽڲûա
屻ˣʮ
ܼǿߴѪеؾȥ
ܼһƬرĿռ䣬ڵؾҲǼġ
ؾ֮Уһ޴̨Ǻնȥ
ڣսֻȡ׼ҵߣɱԼһС
ߣ
ҶƽĮ
ˣ
̨һصйţᴩա
Ȼܳʱȥˣ֮޷֮··նˡ
ô
ܼҵ˾ˣڲҺΨһϣҲϾǱˡ
ƽɽľ֮Ҷ㿼ǵһ㣬һܼ֪У߾鷳ˡ
ɲԸֹİɱֵܺѵİɱ
ԣ֮ǰðǺ˾ֲ½󣬽գضܼߵϣ
ȻӲǾǹͬ
ܼҲ֮ʿ˻ţҪҶͬھ
ʯ٣ƣ
ܼҲȾˣ˫۵Ѫĺŷɱʽķˡ
䣡
սٴαܼؼ˷ϴ󱣻Ҳûãƶĥˡ
ž
Ҷͦǹɨֱӽһʥͬ߶ʥʥǿ߳ˣʥըһȼյ̫һ㣬ĿĹâ޾Ϣ
ʱ
ܼؾһֲĲһŲƿ˳һƵȻһ׼۱

ܼҺܶ˶ڲ
ǧʼܼҵĵ֮һ̾oܼҾλʥһѹ죡
ݵ̣壬նУ
ܼʥȣȻشЩҶɱˣȻأԪ顣
ܼҺܶ˶ϵһɱС
̫ʥ˶оĪΣգʽӵľŲ·һһ㣬ѹʮء
ۣ
һѪ̼ӳˣڵһĵâֱնȥ
ǵ۱ϣ۱ϲ£һ׼Լǰ磿
ҶеĻǹҲڵֲɱ纣ϯܼأܼҵڷ
ˣ
͵Ĺâܼ˱ڹâ֮ڣһһɱ⣬ĵâײա
ݣе̣ɱߣ
ܼʥɫ˷·ȼյĻһ㣬ɢѪ
ʥ̾ѣնУ塣
ܼһȺߵݣ糱ɽƺХء
¡¡
ܼصؾ֮Уһѿ籡ֲţڿնһϵս
ڹսϣһƷʯ˸ŹɫʣɢŨԪ
⾹Ȼһ壬˿Ϸ죬ƷʯУӡһͷɿݽƣɱһˡ
ǷӡƷʯеĻóȻʿҲᱻһǧϹթʬˡ
һ׼۱ѣҲң
Ҷչ׷ǲ紩Խռһ㣬ֱӳھ
飡
ǹһɹ⣬ݺݵĴϣȻֱӽ䶴

ܼ˴ȫˡ
ǵ׼۱
ȻҶһٵ
۵Ѫ
ֳֻ׼۱׼۲ǿģڣ׼۱챻ˣǵʥ̾Ȼûоѡ
ʥ̳֣ɱǿУŲʢ
ܼѪĴ
ꡭ
ڴʱսϵƷʯȻѵһѺۡ




1995 ܼҵ̳
̣ںܶʿ˵һضĴʡ
˶֪пֲĵ̣ȴ֪νĵ̾ʲô
˿̣Ʒʯѿһ϶һ׼۵ϢƵɫ԰ҡ
׼۵Ϣ
ڴ۲׼۾ʹǿսɸ죬ɨ˻ϡ
ƷʯѿСȴĴܼأ˾塣
·ŭֲټսһӰ˵Ŀⶼսϡ
ʬһܼʥȻûаȴ׼۵ϢֺƵ
ܼҲ棡
˿̣ܼҵӶĤݣޱϣ뻽Ʒʯзӡʥ档
һߣһļžûһ˿ڣȫĶǰսϵƷʯһµĵҪ
ЩȻĵ۱ھʵǰǵ۱Ҳ˭߶
ܼ׼ۼֲ̣ԤС
һΣпꪳɳȫû
ϾȻҶȴأûгԼĵ̡
׼ۣټ׼۱ԿԺɨˣֻкǿԽס׼۵Ĺɱӹһ٣ˡ
꣡
һ죬ף˶ը죬սϵƷʯѺ۸ˣʱп
ʥ̹նУܼҲ֮
ʥ̳֣ѣǿУ޵񻰣
壬ʢبų棡
ܼҷˣ˶ڴղʿ䵽˼㣬ʥ̾ѣǿϣ
׼ζʲôζ޵У
ڴ۲׼۾ǿĴʣѹһеС
ܼҴأڹȥҲӶ򣬾Ƭء
ܼΣڶọ̈̄ҪɱУٴܵ񻰡
Ҷд󼱣һܼҵ׼۳ѣٻ׼۱ʵɱܹɱҲҪ޴Ĵۡ
޸ѱ
ҾͲŴ㣡
Ҷǹ˿ʥԣһһ㣬񱩵ĹҪܼ׼۳׾֮ǰٵ׼۱һۡ
䣡
ܵҶɱ⣬ͻȻԻһõӰŭĿգɢ˵ѹ
ˣ
õӰ߶ɨһƬâգֱҶɨ
ƣ
Ҷһ羪ףǹΨһɹ⣬âӲһͨʱ䷨򣬶סʱ䣬ͦǹȥ
꣡
ǹâǵӰֱӻҷ𣬻Ϊһɢؼ䡣
飡
һͻȻ飬ĿĹ⻪һɻϢֱӽҶ档
Ҷӡ
ʯҰͺ˵˴У֣̿⣬Ͼ׼۱Ի٣׼֮ܵ
壬㲻𣡡
նǿУ
ܼһƬΪҶ˷ɣ׼۱Աܲ
򲻶ЦۿҶͽִ׼۱޵У׼۱Աܹ˵ġ
Ȼâɢ˶ˣ
ԭأֻʣһǹɢžɱڿУҶȴˡ
ô
оû뵽Ľ
ҶȻ׼۱ͬھˣһѪⶼû¡

ܼ˿ЦԪ׶ʣµЩ˲Ϊ壬е۱Ҳûá
ʥѾѣԿնһǿУ֮пܶȡ۱
һ뵽彫һĵ۱бȡ

ֹһǹҲǵ۱̥ܹõܼҺпһĴۡ
ɻ
ܼʥͷɢ״ħ޾ĺ⡣
ܼôܻң˵
Ǹ˵̫˵ɣ
һĮҶӰͻȻǰˡ
⡭
ô£
ܼ˳ˣղѾûҶ˿ϢǴðģ
۱
һ̣ܼ˵Ժͬʱһ仰
ʣھҵıը֮ǰҶѾһ˵۱ռУ˱Ķѡ

ܼ˺׼۱Աɱ˶֣Ǹոȼϣٴαˡ
Ҷģ
ܼʥſһӣǳɢ֮Ҷȥ
Ǻɰɵıɻ޵
˿̣ܼѵɽˮĵزʥٲѵĻܼҼͦҲǰδеĴ
ҵģ
һǺɰǵ˫۶ʱ̹⣬·˰˰һһͷϽֱӻһƬڶǺɰȥ
ˣ
Ͻ˸һƬ׹⣬·һƬһ㣬֯
ˢ
Ǻɰ·һƬ磬ֱӱ֮ضϵӲǽǺɰеһĥˡ

ܼʥһҽУ˫Ѫüѿһ϶кɫѪʡ
ˢ
ô˻ᣬȸӭϣ˫ۻ쵶ʥ⣬ŵۣն磬ֱܼʥնȥ
꣡
âܼʥ˫ӦϣֱӱȸնѪ罦
Ǵ֮ˣѻָܼʥӵв֫ڵǰԾΪ
ʥ
ܼ˱ʥǼһģڣҡҡǵ˼Ĵ

ƽ˱ˣϢǰſһƬƽգֱܼʥû档

ܼʥҽУڣճһ齹̿
Ҳǲɱң
𣿡
ҶһֱӴ߶ǹһǹâ׶üģɱꡣ
ڵ۱ǰκβûõġ

ܼ˾ˣʥˣǻ˭ܿУ
ڣΨһģ¾֮⣬ֻԼȥʥ档
ֻʥ泹׾ѣһϣܹ̣
ʥ̿
ܼһȣ羪ףأȻ
ꡭ
ܼ˲иŬ£սǿƷʯһ飬¶˷ӡߵ١
һ
ֻʣƤͷ˵ö˿Ϊ
ˣ
Ȼʱɢһ׼۵Ĳ𶯡
һ̣˶ڶ򱱲ܼңһµ׼ۣѪϯ硣
ʲô
ܼô׼۳
ǾĪܶסˣ׷׶ǰܼһ̽
Ͼһ׼۳ɲģȻ˾ıʣ׼ǲ׳ġ
˶֪ܼҲ޽ӽ׼۵ǿߣҲѾԪɺԣٰٳ߸ͷһˡ
Ȼڣܼȴ׼۵Ϣֻ˵һ⣬ǾǣܼҶռ̣
Ƕ֪׷ʲôһʥص̫ż壬ȻҪռ̵ĵز


1996 缶ۣ
䣡
һɿµɱƬضΪ֮𶯡
˭˵
˺ҵĹһĴУ
ԹżΪ׵ľŴԤе˲׷׿̨գܼҸȥ
һΣż涼Գˣһӣֱƿգһʧԭء
ͬһʱ䣬ԺϲԺɮλ׼ҲӦܼҷ׼Ϣ׷׶ǰܼҡ
Ԥе˲ܼҲԵ޹ʵĳռ̣⵽˻ԵĴ
ǸߵҪҶ紫ˣΪϢͨѧԺȻ֪
ǾãпҶƵܼҶռˡ
ѵȥܼ
벻ǣǶҪȥ
һഫеռ̳ͬСɣĸֲԶӰ졣
ͬʱ۱ϸҲһܼҡ
һʱ䣬ܼҳĿĽ㡣
Ƽʻᣬǿ߷׷ܼҸȥ
ͬڶĵҲˣʥһͨƿգܼڵı

»ʳͼʳʳʳĻҲ׷׶ţɴ򱱲ȥ

һλ׼ۼŷԺ־ŵ񻷣¶֮ɫǳǰ
ڵͷħڵһλ׼ۼħҲˣҪȥ򿴿ʲô
˵ܼ׼ۼ̵ĳӰԶ磬Ӧģ޲ǰ

ܼһƬžصһ㣬һļµϢ
Ҷη壬ֱӶûǹɱ
֣ȻԷֿŲ㣬ÿһ㶼Ƕ׼۱Ȼ
ղģǾһѣİ˲㣬ɷӳֲ
ʱ䲻ˣҪܼҵĵ̳׾֮ǰٵһ׼У
䣡
һ̣Ҷƴˣ
ǹɨǹâ˺棬񷣬ǹ絶ֱ£еˡ
һĳһƵľ޴ɱ֣ѹ£һѹš
ɱɢ֣
һʽȴޱߣѹ졣
䣡
ɱײϾһӽˣƬɽΧ˻磬궼ױĥ
һӻٵ㣬ֻʣ˸źɫĹâн֯Ÿַ

ܼ˴ǿǵĵ̰
Ȼٵˣ۵Ѫ
ʥ̾ѣɱⲣ
ܼѪᣬг˾ʥٲ׾ѣܼҾˡ
ˣ
һһöҩ״̬λһͬ߶ѹ䣬ֱӽʣµˡ

дһһڵ˳ɢǿϢ
ܼһ̣ƿ׼۱ѵġ
Ȼûܼϲֱ߱ӱˣѪ
߱ԪѾɺԣƾ׼۱ѹǿû
Ȼ
ڸղţ£׻ٵ
һĻ˾̫ҹȻûһ̫֮ˡ
Ҷ׼㣬Ҳ㹻ǿ󣬷óȻһĴУѰ·
ٵ׼۱֮ҶûóȻжǾ䣡
һԶŵ׼ۣӡڣȻսпܻѪ˥ܶ½Ҳ̫ס
ˣ
ܼڣĴڷɡ
Ϊսƻܼеƣסˡ
ţ
һĻҶһװĵһЩضĵطߡ
Ҷ˫絶ܼпƣɵе
ΪӦ׼ۣҪȫ׼
սֹͣˣ˶ڽŵĿսƷʯзӡǵӰ
ৣ
ٿȻ
ʬ˫ۣڹ⣬˺ʡ
һ˫Ӱ
һƬ·ڶһ㣬Ļꡣ
ʬ飬ûһ˿Ϣƺһʬթʬһ㡣
Ϲ
Ǿ㤣ϵĺˣܵ˾޴ѹѹֻ׼ۼǿܷ
ƽһСߣһﵽҶ󣬴̽Դ
ȸ΢üɢɫâȵվҶԣ綤ڵһ㡣
Ϊδҳߣ
ʬڣĽ໥Ħһ㣬
ʥ̣ﲻТ˼ˡ
ܼһ׷ԲԵ̫ϳϹڵϣ£ҶУ˵ʥ̳֣ɱУǬ
ܼҵ̳׾ˣȻƺһֻϹһȴ˴ѹ
ڵʱ𣿡
ܼʥһɾɱܼɱ裬ƺܽ˵궳ѡ
ʥ꣡
ʬΣƤ
꣬
ɱǿУ岻񻰣

׼ۼ̳׾ѹܼʿһɨ֮ǰǷ֣̿ܶ˶ڴü
Ϊ˷Ҷ׼ۼǿǰһϣʥһֱֻ
ĴУôױģ
ܼһ̫ϳ˵죬˶ҪΪѵᣡ

ĬȻˣһ׼ۣû˿ʤ㡣
մһ֣㳹׳Խʥķ룬˲һ
ʮʥ֣ҲһոͻƵ׼۵Ķ֣ѾƽĲˡ
بû߾ڵʥܹԽնɱ׼۵ǹۣ֮δ֤֮ǰҲ
ʷܹ˼סʷģΨоۣ߾۷ʱɱһ׼һǿߣѾ䶯档
ҶӵѪҲӵĹܹ;һ߾۷ս׼һǿߡ
Ȼ
ڲŸո֤߾ѣ׼һ󾳽磬̫ˡ
ȻҶģҲұ֤ܹɱܼҵϹ
һʧֱɱôȻꪳɳȫûɾܼҲ񻰡
һ̣˵Ķᵽɤۡ
ʣܹܼϹģֻҶһˣӵе۱ĺҲУʵϵĲ࣬ӵе۱ƽġ
ĽҶͬʱ߶۱һʤ㣬ãˡ
۱ɲô״߶ģִ߶Ҳ˸Ҷô񣬿Ҳ֧ͬʱ߶۱һ
ܼߣҪ
ܼ˴񷣬ǳ׷׼ۼʥ֣˭Ҳܲˡ
ҪǣʼվãվϣҶ޹˹ǣ˾޴ʧǲܺߣ鴫ȥҲ޾塣
Ƕ˺ԸֻϹҶɫء
Ȼ޾壬Ҳ´սʱ򲨼Լˡ
Сӣรɣ
ƽ˭ܵĶ죬ڝһûӰˡ
ˡ
ȸֹջ˺ˣվھҶԶĵطʱԼսš
˺󣡡
Ҷ·Ժһ㣬һϺȣ˼ˣ׼ۼǿһȻǻأԸø޹ǿȸ
ˡأ
ȸԥƬ̣ջˣ˾Ƶվһ
СӣҪˣһֽġ
ǿڵ٩ʵ¶ŨŨĵǣڴ
׷ҶʮˣͬҶȻȹ̫̫ս֤Ҷһһ񻰣
ڴҶµ񻰡缶ۣ




1997 ս׼ۣ
䣡
ɱ纣Хײϯܼء
Ҷǹ߷ɱ⣬ܼʥ濹⡣
ƴԱһ㣬ԣͷ˿Ө貣趯
߾׼ۣبм
Ҷˣ
׼ۼѹ޾ɫʥƣǿҵս⡣
˿̣
޾һս
ţ
ܼʥȻ֪ǰСţȻѹ
ৣ
ʱͻȻӦ׼۵Ϣڼٸɵɫһ䡣
뵽Ҷ׼۳顣
Ǵ˿׼۸ǿΪҶͷĻͱòˡ
ҲܼռΪһǾ̳֣ٵˣҹζࡣ
䣡
һˣܼʥɱ⣬ɿצһĴգһưѹ䣬ֱҶͷȥ
书һۣ
ܼʥĴǳ˸ܲ׼۷£ʮһС
һ̣ʱ·𶼾ֹˣ
ɭȻɱ꣬Զ˾ǵʥǿ߶оëȻ޷
һ̣Ҷ˵ĶᵽɤۣΪһ亹
׼ۼһƣԻأҶܵס
ڴʱ
Ŀ֮£Ҷˣ
ֻҫ۵ǿ⣬һȼյ̫һ㣬ʥ⣬졣
һԶĳХ쳹أ
Ҷ˿·ȼܲŸַһſѨ·ǳһ
õ
Ҷıɣ
ܼĮĿű££ƴҶЦѡ
׼һأ
ΪҶ˷ҲȲ
֮⣬ܼҵģĸɡ
£ʼΪԼվϣ߱¶¡
ǼᶨΪҶ¶ˣܺߡ
һսܼұʤ
չԭʥؽڣǲҪ֮ȫɱһҪԶ򣬳ɨƽδʽԭʥأ֮ɱѿ֮С
ܼҷˣ׼ۼʥǿƳ֣˵һļ
ɫѿ
׼ۣ߳ƣӹŽ
ûд۵У׼۾ʹϵս˿ɵС
ǳϣҶһһ漣һУ޵еĴڡ
ǸʥصʥҲĶ֡
ڣԵһ׼ۣսʤ֮
ûд𰸣
ж㷲һҶܣǿ˭ҲԻȥ
ѵ˵Ҫꪳɳȫû
жһӰһ㲻Ӱ
Сӣס
ǽ֣Ͻͷʱ׼ȥ
ϽΪģõϽߵĵϣ൱׼۱
𡭡
ҶһХ𶯾졣
һ̣׷ǲʩչ˼ޣͻʱĽһǺӵתʱ
ͬʱʱ䷨ռ䷨õ˼£ǹһ赲¶һƴ۵Ϣ
۱̥׼ˣ̵oˣɱ⣡
໺𡭡
ǹľ˿ȫԻΧҶ
¡¡
ռˣʱˣط·عڻ磬ֻʣһΨһĴ֣ĨһС
䣡
£ضȥʮɣγһʯײһĴӡ
Ȼ
ȴһ޴ΣΧƬɽֱӱˣܼƬһ
ۡ
Уֲֿܶܲĳ׷״ѪЩֱԵڵϣҲû
Ҷ
Ҷӡ
ҶСӡ
˷׷׾ΪûпҶѵһĨɱ
һ̣ж·׹˱֮һ㣬һɾϢ֮
ʱᵽܼҵ־
ɱúã
Ҷ๼
ʥ̼֣ɱǿУܼ֮

ܼȺ鼤ܣţܼʥ֣ȫɱ
Ȼ
ʱһĮе룬Ǵƶһ߽˵
ɱң
ĮѿҶݲȵĴ߳ȻЩ𣬵ȴδˡ
ڹؼʱ̣øһ٣
⡭
ܼ˶ˣû뵽Ȼһ
ղʥǿƳ֣ѾҶɱˣôֻĳˣѵ˶˲ɣ
Ҷӡ
Ҷ
ҶһƬ˵·ɽһӹȵһƶˡ
˶ѣܹ׼к˵ӳⱾʹʵ׼һս
Сӣˣ
۾ʪˣֻ˻ڸԼġ
Ҷ䣡
ʯҰͺ˵˷׷״졣
ѵã̫ѵˣ
̫ʥһʥ׷׾̾о˼顣
ǿ׼۰
Ѫ˥ܣʢҲʥǿܹսʤġ
ΪղһƣԼĻԶ㲻ȥȻҷ𣬳׳ɿա
ҶȴȥˣˣȻЩǱȴս
׼аȻǴȥҶʱɺ䶯磡
⡭Ҳ̫˼ˣ
ܼʥҲɫѿɲ
׼ۣȴ޹ûܽһСɱԿ
ңҲʮɻ󣬸ղҶʲôȻܴԼ°Ȼѳ
ܼӪһƬž˵ɫüѿ
ֹˣˣ
Ҷɱ⣡
ûжԸ׼۵ֶΣֻһֱ̣ûгֶѡ
ѣһ֣Ȼʯ쾪
һ̣
׼ˣлǹ޷Ŵһɽ룬ܼӪ
ͬʱºݺһ壬ǰµƣܼط·תһ㣬ڷʯ
ۡ
ܼӪУֱӱڣꡣ
䣡
ͬʱܼʥǿƷʯȻը·ȼһֲױȡ

ܼҵ˲ҽУֱӱűΪŧѪȼգΪ˷ɻҡ

˷ܼҵڵѪεѡ
ǲΪȥ˶ʹģΪǵʥڵǡ
Ʒʯըǵʥʯзӡţ׵塣
һΣҪ
һޱȱĴޣѡ
ʥǽҲ죡
ܼ˵һֲִ
ʧȥʥ׼۵壬ǾҲͲԶˡ

ʬһܼʥҽУ·ȼұȫըˣ˺ۣ




1998 Զ

ܼʥĲҽУɫޱȣ
ݺ޵УȴôĿ
һ޵Уһж֣û뵽ȴ﷭һСС
սȫΪ˻ҽǿҵıըȼˣ
ܼҵҲ˲أû뵽ҶȻд˺֣ܼҵԴȪ
Ҷݲȣһ㣬ܼƬϣûŲ
С
ܼʥ״ħһҲҶȥ
ղŶһۣǸһѵٲ֪ն㣡ҶĮ˵
ղţܼʥȥģʯȼգٵұۣСͽ䡣
˻һܼʥֱӱˡ
ӹ񣬻û˸˶˵
һ׼ۣȻһСв˷ŭ
䣡
׼۷ܲգסʱ䣬צһĴַ·ص־ҪҶĨɱ
ҶɫأԴʥȣҪȼԴԴϵΪṩԴȪɺԡ
꣡
Ҷ˫âһʱɣһ㣬Ӿʮء
䣡
ڴʱˣһϵӰǰִһܼʥĹצʵʵײһ𣬱ҫ۵ǿâ
飡
ʮط·ˣܼɽ飬һɻϢˡ
֮һ޴ĺڶþòʧ
׼ۣȻһ߾ڵ֣б£
ĮļͬΪ׼ۣĳ衣
Ժ
ǰϤӰҶǳж
ԺԺϲոոϵͺܼʥӲƴһǣҶ˿ֲһ
˹ܼأɱܼһ壬ѵҪ𣿡ܼʥɫѿ粻
ҲϲĲػ¾Ȼܹ֤׼ۣʵС
ϲЩΪѣ֪򾭹һʱ֮Ծϡ
ҶƷУԲԵ޹ʵ̤̫ңһԭ
ȻȴѯԭʱֳֻܱĬȴδŲһʵжԼ
ܼʥüɱţ־ܲϴ˹壬ƻޱɱ٣˲ҪΪԼΪۣκҲΪ˱𡣡
˵úã
ʱżŹżʥ˳֣ĮɨһϲҶˣÿ˶ҪΪԼѡеȻѡ˹ܼңҪеһеĺ
˵꣬վܼʥߣ֧ܼʥ棬ֻع
ͬʱ;۱ߡԺɮҲȺϵˣվҶߡ
ĶԶ
Ҷλ׼ۣսǷλ۵֮⣬ʣ˶ں̫ʱ֤׼۵ģʵ˿ȵӲ
ϲҦҺᣬѪ֮˿ڵ塣
żվܼʥӪϲ˷׷üоЩ֡
׼ۼĴսܱƬزԤӰ졣
ټϺڰʱпܵ಻ںȥˡ
Ҷƽʱֵģô˳嶯
ǶҶж󲻽⣬Ϊʵ̫ðʧˣƽʱ侲ͳǸྶͥ
˶˭˭
ڴʱٴβ۴׼۵ֱվ˹żߣ
Ҷ֮νǳƺޱߣҶһ֮һʮ֣Ƴ˳ʱ䡣
ȻѾǱˣϾԲ˳
Ҫǣ̫ӡλӣȫҶ֣֮޲ʳƤ
ȴȱһֵĽڣʣֻҪ˫λ׼ۣؿɽҶŰɱΪλӱΪҶе忡屨
Ĳϧܼ˺ƤҲҪ𣿡
ܼʥɨһϲˣʮ˵
׼ˣҪսԿѹԵʵѹԷ
С˼أ
ϲ˲¾ϣֻҶѯʣ˼
ҶտȻȻ׼ۣҲ˿壬Ķܼʥ棬գƽܼң
⡭
֪ҶΪζܼ˵ĺ֮ǡ
Ȼܼ֮ǰĵطҲܵӦеĳͷǵʥǿѾҶնɱǿչ·ʮ˳УΪִҪܼһأ
ҪѯʵʱٴѿʳĻҲˡ
ţħڵħͷڵĹŷҲܼƬư֮ء
ǰһƬǽ壬Ƕ𾪣׷ʲô¡

Ŵ󺷷еĺ»ʳĻãֱӺ˸к
ˣҲڰ
»кλŻʳĻһȥ
˫к֮»㿪żɽѯľڵ֪ҶΪСһŭƽ̫֮ˡ
ҶȻдǣȻĸƾһ֮һоԶ̫ҡ
˽ľ֮ǲûվӣһԾ̬ķչ
ͺ¿ô˵ħħбһ۷ڵĹŷƵ˵
𣡡
ŷһţ¶֮ɫվһԣʾ
ûϢ
ħһ䣬ֱҶģҲ˼ģħͿʢ˵ӣĸħ
ļ룬һҶʵħڣһأϵû뵽ξȻվҶߡ
лħҶǲ֪жˣǰħл
Сһ׮
ħһֵ֣ĵҾͿԶ٣СħҴϢ˵ѣȻѣӦ໥
Сô£
ֱ˿̣ϲʱѯҶľ
ãҶðʧ֮ˣôһеվϣһŭƽ̫¡
ġ
º۵棬ҶһһʮĽǿչ·ԹżΪ׵ʮʥǿߣ֣Ҫıĵ۱̥͹似оܼҵһʥǿߣΪﹷʳ
ƨȥֶֻ࣬ι˵ˣܼǿ
һ̣ǱˣȻ˽֪˿̽ɫͨ졣
ţżʥɫҲÿҶǱཫҲһͨһǻǮֻĬϡ
ǰ죬ҵöӾ۱ԶΪͲĲϣȻȴڰܼӵĽɱͼɱ˶ᱦɱδ飬ܶϵΪɱģҪˣҵܼҳܲ𡣡
Ҷľԭԭ˵һ飬˵գѣҲҪƽܼңΪֻع
ʲô
գЩɱߵŭɱ
һָܼʥ棬ɱȻ˵ܼϹ첻ɱ㣬ĲΪۣ


1999 
ԪĶ۱ıҲߵļ⡣
һ˵ܼҵӽɱЩʱ˷ŭ
ҶȻ󣬵ȴ羪һ㣬˶ը졣
˶ĬȻˣ
֪Ҷ˵ļпʵ
Ͼǿʳ磬ɱ˶ᱦżʣѼֲˡ
ܼҵӿԣпɱ˶ᱦĹ
ֻû뵽ɱľȻǾ۱ˣҶãԲ
Ҷ˵ܼҾҲǱӦû˻ͬǡ
෴ܼһǿƣºܶУֻܼҵĻǲûб
ҶĽܼĻǾŹʹˮĻᡣ
ⶼһ֮ʣΪƾ
żĮ˵ڵʵǣ˹ɱܼңޱɱ٣ҪΪԼΪۡ
ؾᣬѹҶ˵ʵָҶ޹ɱ¾ܼˡ
Ƿйϣҵ£ֲ˵ģҶԣ˿׼۵ѹ

żһֱһȥָƼ׼۷ʮ
䣡
ħҶǰӶֱ֣ӭȥ׼ۣԴСǿʲô£
ħ׼۲裡һСС߾ʿǰż
٣׼۲裿δĴأħЦ
δۣ
˵ڣżڣ˶Ĭˡ
˵һ˭֤ɵۣҶĪ
ֻ߾ڣɨ׼ʿҩ׷棬ֵõ۱̥ν¾㱸ֻǷ磡
ħһҪ𣿡żĬƬ̣ٴοڡ
֣ǿǿ˳ۣôĻһսħ൱ǿƣ˿ż档
ҶĺܼҵĶԹκ˲ò֣ǲȳֵĻһѡܼҡżɨһϲˣ˵
֮ĶԹԼƻ˹أĵҲǰʱ򣬽һںڰҵĴ٣żʥҲ˵

ˣ

żʥ䣬ٴδҺҵ˴ʥҲ׷׵Լ
Ҷθ˱ܼң˭֪պ᲻Ҳ˱ǣΪ˼İΣǽ̡
˴ʥ׷׿ڣ˵ϲҶĻǽǰ̣ҪҶɱԾ󻼡
ƴ˭˭
˾ռ壬̫ʥҲ׷׿ڣʾƴ̣˴ҵĵһ˭ƴù˭
ǵʯǿŶ壬ʱʯȥҲڣв˵ֶĿࡣ
뺷ҪͣΪˣв˵ķʽڲͬ
ȴ൱ЧʯһʥزʢĸԴıŴ󺷷˵ϵĻǻǺӹ
Ŵ󺷷ȥ磬˵ǣʯҲ󣬼붯۱ֺãΪҲһ۱
Ҫǣǧɱ۵ĵ۱ɱµе޵־һ׾ѣ춼
壬еĵ۱٣еѹ̣ɱ۵۱˭ӧ棿
ϲü鲨̫㣬óȻ֣άҶĻż˴ĵ̾˫˭ʤ˭Ҳ˵嶼һѡ
廢Ҫȡ׵ĵλ»ָеʱū塣
Һڰʱпܱ֮ڶ׼۲Σпһս
ȻˣĲ壬Ҳ⡣
ɲ廹壬ʹߣɱ¾ĴʣԲΪԴ
ǳĬʱʥءϴڡ̫ҵҲ׷ˣǶӦ׼۵Ĳ
ô£
շʢܼһƬǽ壬ض˷棬Щ
˽ľ֮ȫҶǺʵˡ
һоԶʥص̫һӶҪĵǺʵ
ҪǣҶԭʥػûʽĵ̺ܼƴ
ΪҶ˾Ȼ£дǣҲע˰
һʥص̫ңôױƽģ
Ҷ׶༪٣
Ҷ̫³çˣ
ǰͻ׼ۣܼң˸򣡡
˽ͷӶ۷׷ס
ʱǰһҶ˵СȷʵЩðʧˡɣܼҵǸ¾ʹ˽ҹ
Ǹ
ܼʥЦҶϴ˹ܼңɱôˣʥսˣֻһǸôܽҹ
ͣһ£˵ͺñȣ˹أɱնɱʥǸܽ𣿡
־üô
ûܼʥ濪ڣżͻȻ˵Ҳǲܻ⣬ҶϴĻͽ۱̥ҩһʹұ֤ܼҾ鷳Σ
ţ
ܼʥһ㶣ԭ˵ҲҪնɱҶΪ˱ͬʱܼصһҲŹȴû뵽ż˵һ
ѯʣʶдż괫Сҩڶ۱̥ҲˣǰѻǹֻҪҶͬ⣬ҩ㣬ǹҹżңֻҪڶ뱨еǻ𣿡
ܼⷬʥΪ⶯֮ԷӡԼʵֲܹ࣬ڶĻƾʺԣпܿһ¥λ
뵽ͷʱһȣǼɵżʵ۱̥Ҳ£ΪԼ֤ĵ۱
ֵĻԴҵ˼ܼʥͷ
˻һϲ˶ʱüо˹żȦס
ºԣżڹѡ񷨣ѡ񣬵һѡ
ҪôԹۣܼʥɱҶʱĵ۱̥ҩһס
Ҫôҩ͵۱̥ǹҶҩͻǹҲύġ
ңҲΪҩͻǹܼܽʥõҩڶػ۷壬϶ŹҶġ
ǸʱҶû˵۱̥Ҳûҩʲôһ׼ۿ
ǲ޷ƽϢѵľء
Ҳ߯޳˰ɣ
ƿڴõҩ˵Ǻʥһޣ
Ҳޣƽ˵һ׼Ҳ˺޳ܣݺʱﻹڳء
ۡ
Ŀ࣬һѪޣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˭Ҳ֪ƽСƦ˵ģû֮ǰȷǿȴ۵ĴڣһСС׼ۣȷûз
ż׹оûӣȴвܷĿ֮£Ӱ첻á
ҽǹҩǿǴú̡
ʱҶ˵ʲôҲύģң˵ƽܼңһҪ

̫ˣ
ܼȺ鼤ܣʥ֣ɱҶΪѵ˱
ΪҲɱ㣿ܼŭͳ仰Ҳıɱ㣡
Ǻǡ
ҶһЦսⱬһҪëΪɱң




2000 ׼Σ
ﾪ
Ҷ˻һ˶ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼǿƣһ׼ۣҪ·ţ
һЩ˰ҡͷΪҶαɡ
߾۷壬ӭս׼ۼǿߣⲻϻͷĲӬ
ܼʥȻѪ˥ܣ䣬Ͼ׼ۣʥӭսģ
ǾʥеϣڡһϣûС
̫ˣ
һ·˳˳ˮãԴԸ񡣡
۷׷ףܶɶΪҶһ·ʵ̫˳ˣԽɱУԼʵäĿţΪԽնɱ׼ۡ
Ȼǲܵģ׼ۺʥмǵ蹵ܶ˺ʱ֤ʥˣﵽʥľ磬ȴһҲܽ׼۾硣
Ϊ׼ۺʥмһˮ룬Ŷ档
һûгɵۣԶҲ֪׼۾жǿֺοֻ߾۷壬ûдﵽ߾ڡ
ҶΣɣ
ҺҲˣʵû뵽ҶȻӭսܼʥ档
ҶĻ֮һ㵣һϲ
ӭսһλ׼ۣⲻĨӣòͷ
ֵʱҪٵ۱̥ҩ
ż氵ܼʥ洫ע⣬ҩһˡ
İɣзִ磡ܼʥ氵ͷ
ҩܷڶϣȻϣٵ
㹻ţ׽ҶɱҶ֮ҩ͵۱̥Ͷˡ
һΣ˵ܼϮʱ
һõҩؿػ۷壬ˣ֤ɵۡ
ܼƱؾ棬Щ߳۵ļ壬ҲҪ֡
һŵĴۣԶȵ۱
һ뵽Щͷһȡ
ҶӣҪ嶯
˴浣Ҷ᲻Ƕ֣ǿһ׼۰£ѹ죬սʤ֮
ȸüȴû˵ʲôǶҶäĿģΪȻ˵϶мְյġ
ۼ֤Ҷ٣ǿ׼۶ҪɫĿٵش٣Ҷܹն׼ۣٴ񻰡
Ҷ㡭ŮͮͮЩǵĿֹ
СٿǿǣҪô嶯
ǰڣǲôġ
ϲ˷׷׿ڣȰҶҪ£޲ͽȻװöԷıóѡ
ǾҶ̫嶯ˣⲻȵԸ
лλǰѣ
Ҷϲлżëо仰˵ĺãÿ˶ҪΪԼѡеܼҼȻѡҺҵ˳֣ôҪΪ˸ӦеĴۡ
˵ɨһ۹żܼʥˣȻҼȻ̤ܼңȻ޾ǵĵ̣֮ǰҾѾ֪׼ۼĵˣһˣȻˣ;ܾʹ֡
⡭
ٴĿ࣬Ҷ
֪Է׼ۼ̵£Ծɸ̤̫ңҪ
ͬʱҲں棬Ҷƾʲô˵кʸ񣿸˵޾׼ۼĵ̣
ˣϲҲǳɻҶʲôƣ
Ƿ֣ٴμҶ֮ǿ͸ˡ
ϣ̫ܣ·һסǵߡ
һǿԿ϶ȻҶ˵Ȼ̡
յһЩǣҶȻðգȴȥҲˡ
һδοƲľУһһ漣
һΣǷٴ漣أ
뵽ϲĬȻˣǾҶԼ֡
Ȼ˵Ȼżְգ㲻ʤҲԲ
Ҷ󲻵УǣǾĿҶս
ɺް
氵ȭƣΪи׵ľڣɱܼʥһֻϧͬһʧ磬Ѱˡ
Ҷӵ
һҧһţֱ͵Ҷǰ
һ۱һ۱Ͳţܼһӵе۱ɣ
۱ͬԿնأܼʥ׼ۣҲԿס۱Ĺɱ
żҵȷе۱ڷӡ״̬Уܶá
ңܹãҲ׽ܼʥ档
Ψһĵģǳǣвֹһ۱óһ
Ҷ֮ƺޱߣѱ֤ǲᰵгʲô۶ӡ
ˣ
ҶлҲͬʱ߶۱Ὣˡ
ǹͬǹѾΪɴ߶ӳƥĹ
ĵ۱Ҫ߶Ҫ嫵
ңҲ³ۻܼʥ۱һ׼۴߶۱ܲȻ޷ӳ۵Ҳ̫Զ
ߣ۵ݺ
Բ
׼۵ϲ裬ܼʥ̻һǫˣֻҲûлˣ
ҡҡƼ˴ҵ˷׷ߣΪҶѰ·
ȷ˿Ҷ˾ٵȷɡ
߾۷ѣûв߾ڣҪԽɱ׼ۣǳ˵Ρ
һССʥҲҴԲѣ
ܼʥŭȣ׼ֱ֣ӽҶɱ
ΪҶղŵǾ仰Ĵ̼ŭɶ
һ׼ۣ˾ȻѪ˥ԭľ磬ǿʢҲһСġ
н⣬ս֮꣬һ꣬ضҶղǾ仰Ǵʹ
ԪɺԵĻôƷҺԼӡ
Ҫ֪ƷҺʵ̫ѵˣԪŨʮ̫ҲѰ
ƷҺں̵ܶʱڱ̻ΪʯҪڹ̻֮ǰԼӡȥЧ
ԼӡĿľΪ˻Ӽ壬ڣѾԷˡ
ԣ֮ǰһҪΪе鷳ܼҿԼķٲʢһ
սʼ֤漣ʱ̵ˣǴСУΪҶΪҶؿɳɹɱܼҵëٴԻ͡
Уһսкξ֮
ûҷ·ѾҶѪȾյľ󡣡
е˵ȷԿһδ㿴ľδҪʵ
˴䳰ȷΪʲô֮սע
Ĺ¿ƨ
ƽһܼëѪȾأҿҲδʵɣ
ţ㿴ĵȷδĳһĬԣϧĿȸͷ˵
ƥһս
Ҷ˿ᶨޱȣǿҵս⣬ƥ·ܼţȮ
˵գҶǹһֱӻΪһɹ⣬ս

ܼʥûжĻɭޱȣһֱӳս
λ׼Ҳ׷׶ս֤ⳡžһս
߾۷壬ӭս׼ۣبδУ
죬̨ʥۿһս
ܶɵʥ׷׶֣ٹһ̨ȫλӳճսе龰
ͬʱҲһ̨˵ĶܹսϵһС
սʼˡ


2001 ׼۲裡
սһƬݼţ⡣
ûһ˿⣬ҲûκƯŲбк;޴ʬ
һΰ׹Ǻ£һɽɢžӨĹ
֪ΰ׹ǵǰǶôǿȻȥأʬȻ࣬вд
ҶǹбָϣƬսУ޷Զ졣
⽫ѵһսպܴ󣬱ҪԴ
һ̣Ҷһ񻷣֣ԪطĻתţ˸ɫʰ쵵Ĺâ
ڰ룬һ̫ͼת¶ʥĲ
ҶٴУȫ
һ׼ۣ˭Ҳ̹Ȼ֮֮һսҲ˿⡣
ǰԶܼʥմӹײĽʬϹɢµϢ
нȫǿƷʯķӡǿŵһ
ʱ޶࣬Ͳ˷ѣ
ѪʢԶҶ̵ľǾΪ;ѹ
Сϣ֪׼ϣ£
ܼʥЦһֱӳ֣ɫצֱգʱ䶼ˣһƺҪع鵽㡣
ǹһ£
ҶҲһ׼۵ʵս˿壬һ𣬽߱ǹӵ˼£ǹǹâա
һ̣йս߶üΪҶ̫дˡ
ԵĿһ׼ۣӲѰ·
̫ðʧˣ
ϲüͷš˴֣ĵǡ
Ҫ֣ȴ¹ż˷쭣һʱѵľء
ҶҪ
ҶСӡ
ҶѺͰǶھ˭Ҳû뵽ҶӲӲӲա
ǰǺͻƽǶ㲻ΪҶ̫ðˡ
׷ߣ֪׼ʵĿֲһ߾ǿƥеġ
ƽǿȴ۵ĴڣȻ֮󲿷ּ䶼ʧˣܻڣҲ֪׼۵Ŀֲ
Ҷıɣ
˵սûκ
ܺ;Ѿֲͬˡ
ҵֻΪҶ˷ب񣬻ûǸ߾ڵʥܹ׼Ӳƴġ
ܼʥȻѪ˥ܣսϾ׼ۣѹ죬׼֮£˿ɵ
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ϣ
ڴʱҶĻǹܼʥĹצӲһ𣬷챬
类һľ˿ֲѺۣ漴ˣһɴϢط·Ҫع硣
飡
ҶӦɳȥԶһ·Ѫ˫ֲϵĲˣѪ˳ָڶˡ
׼ϣ£
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צ򣬷򲻱䣬·ҶٴץȥָƼ׼۷
飡
ܼʥצӶ·ص־ֱӽҶٴķɳȥ
ž
Ҷһ죬֪˶ٹͷضס׼۵һɼ׼۵ʵжôǿ
֮ǰҶͽֻ׼۱Ϊ׼Ҳˣֱ˿̣֪׼ۺ׼۱֮䣬ž޴Ĳ졣
ңڲʣЩ׼۱ʮǿ̣׼۵ʵжϳ
ʱܿģ
ڣܼʥֳսѾԤϣһǳõѶš
Ҷᶨޱȣǰ׼οľҪѪڴˡ
׼۷ֲ̫Ӱ쵽־޽⡣
߱ǹǿ
ų춼ͱƣȴ޷ܼʥ湹в
սǿʲôã
йЧ޷Զκ˺ⲻǵűŰ
һǵѪҶƽĮתϵĹ˲ǿҵս⡣
ǿǿ԰ܣ
ңĵƣҲóȻӭս׼ۺƽܼңװ͵
ֻǣһ̣ơ
ĥԼһ׼۵ľսΪԼ֤׼׼
Ҷӡ
Ҷ
ҶСӡ
ܼϿգ˵˺ŮͮͮͬʱΪҶһ亹
˭Ҳ֪Ҷп˵еĵƣԾطɱʵת
׼ֲ̫ˣ߾ʥսʤġ
ҪǣҶ̫ˣոͻƵ߾ãȻȹ̣׼ۻһ󾳽磬ô
֮ݿɲ˵˵ѣž޵Ŷ˵֮ǰ޷׼ۣɼ׼жôǿ
׼۷ѾӰ쵽־֮ͬ⣬ܹ׼۷
ҶǾʥʵһƴ֮ڿϣã
׼۷ضǿ󣬷·ƿһƬأƬУ׼۾ף˭սʤ
෴ȺҶ޵ļһƬڣ޲ģף
׼۲裬仰˵˵ѡ
ҶĲ֪ߵغΨһĹޡ

ȼЦտü׷״ܼʥ漸пȡҶ
ҶʮУ
ʥóһҫƵ˵
٣Ҳ̫߿ҶС˰ɣ
ʥóһ֬񣬵ҶУ֣ɾ͹ˡ
вܣҶС
ƼʥҲóһ˶Զġ
һʱ䣬ܼϿƺһƬĳżʥҲŴʥ֣Ĳֺ
ʥȻҲΪҶ˷׶༪٣ȴûвȥȵĶЩ
Ŵ̫ңÿһ嶼ǵȻܹóһЩЩģðǿˮֱ㶯ˡ
ļһһ֪ʲô߳ܣٱˣ˵ȫ쾭ġ
ò˵Ǵ˾Ӱ쵽˺ܶˣһЩҶĵҲʼҡˡ
оͰϲˣȻ⣬ҲܸӦ·һС
˿̣ɫд˵ǣҶֱ½
ԭΪҶȻҺ׼һսмְգȻսʤ֮ҲܼһʱŶԡ
Ȼڡ
һ
һˣ׼۵Ķ֡
Ҷ̫ˣ֪׼۷Ŀ֮Ҳӭ׼ۣⲻԼЦ𣿡
ܶʵ׷ҡͷΪҶ̫ˣ߾ڵʵ׼Ӳƴʵ֮ӡ
˶֪ӵ׷ǲ׷ǲʱ䷨Ļܼһʱ䡣
Ӳƴжѽ£Ȼɱ
ϣԶҲ֪׼жô£ն㣬Ѫܼ꣬սӢ꣡
ܼɭȻһ̶˻𣬴޾ĺ⡣

£ٴγ֣Ĺצ˺գסռ䣬ʱգ



2002 Ķ
أأ
ڵĹצ˺գ˻Ҷͷ­ץȥ
Ҫ书һۣҹζࡣ
ֻҪҶɱʲôҩʲô۱̥ͳͳģû˿Դߡ
Ҷᶨɽһ㣬ͷڷ趯µĴۣ޾׼۵ѹ
ûӲ
Ϊͨղŵ̽Ѿ֪ܼʥʵԶӲġ
ˢ
Ҷʩչ׷ǲ˫ʱռķƿ˽·֮һ㣬նյıܹһ
ˣҲѪۣ׼۷˸
ǵˣѻָ
꣡
һɹ⻮ʣǹžɱ⣬·־ܼʥ淴
֪ЧҲҪһԣڴսмԼʵĦ׼۷ܡ
䣡
ǿ𶯣Ƭսˣ϶âȼյ̫ײ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ղϱϢϯķܶطֱӹڻ硣
սֲһƬʯ˵ֱӱ飬õ̻
ʱռ䣬¼ٵ׷ǲҶӦսĽܹ࣬ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʱܹܼʥĹ
תۼ䣬йȥˣҶս£߱ǹȭʥɱɢ֡깲ĿϾӡ
һ̣ȼ˳ʧˣЩԭΪҶѳŹʮеʥɫ࣬ѿ˼㡣
ǳĴ
Ҵ޻˵ûһƢ
ǣܼʥ𾪡
˿̣𾪣һܱ
ҶʵԶȴ¼ٵ׷ǲʱͿռ䷨򣬼׼۷򶼶ס
γֶҶݵıܹ˷ŭָˣצգ˻˻һֲĿռѷ죬
ûõģ׼۷޷ƽ⣬ջҪ
ܼʥĮ˵ֹͣνĵֿĻһһʹ죬ҳѪ֮꣬˰ꡣ
ëܻô˵ɣ
ҶԽսԽӦ֣似Щܹвܼʥɫѿ
һδε̽Ҷ֣ʥɱɢֶƿ׼۷򣬲ɵıַ
ʥɱ۵ռ̴۵ĵϣѹ׼۷
ɱɢһ־ţѹ죬Ϊ
ҶѪ죬ʥԴԴɹǳ֮ΪԴȪ
һڲ֮أʥɺԡ
սƬսˡ
ô
ܼҺŴҵɫѿ˼㡣
ԭΪһսҶرĨɱ
Ȼ
ڵǣҶ޵УȻܹһλ׼۴ս·磬ԭޱŵһӰ
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һЩʥʧǼֱԼ۾̫˼ˡ
һ߾ڵʥѣȻܹ׼սƽ֣بδ֮δС
Ҷս׼۵ʵҲδ֪
Ļɿһ٣һԽķᱮ
֮⣬˭߾ڱն׼ۣ
ǲɵġ
ǹۣ֮߾ڵʱҲն׼ۣĴ١
ãúã
ô򣬸ɵܼë

ܼϿգ˵˷ܵ㵸͸ղŵܼҡҵһƴ
ٺ١
Ц˵Ƿˮתղǲ˵ôˣ
ǰƽҲǵǼôޣ
ȸüʲôҲû˵óҶռƣȻܹƴܼʥ棬Ҫսʤ֮ȴѣڸ˻Ϊʱ硣
㡭
ܼŭɶȴǮ
еϣʥˣʥսܣܼұǽ֮ء
ϲҲһҶսղǴ˶ѡ
㲻ʤҲԱ
٣
żһҶСȻõĶǾ似ӶҾ̫ͣܶܵʵԵ˺ȫͽ͵ģս
׼ۣ޾£۾ܶһ۱㿴֢ڣĽ¶ϲ˶ʱĬˡ
Ҳ׼ۣ۹˿ڹż棬֪˵ʵ޿ʵ
ȷҶõ似ģκһִȥʥشͷȥ
Ȼѧӣûһȫͨģ޷ӳ
Ҫǣ̫ͣܵԼܹһ󾳽ս׼ѾʵףҪսʤ֮ǲܵġ
ÿ˵ʥ޵ģҶʥô棬Ҳܺһ׼ȣȥܵıȻ
ͬʱսϣܼʥҲ˵ƵĻżĻ֮ͬ
٣ΪѧһЩ۵似ҿЦ
ܼʥɭſֲϢ˵׼ϣ£ʶһ׼ս
䣬ܼʥ涯ܼ洫ѧһ˫ڸɿݵĹצһڹ⣬֯һŴǵأҶֶȥ
ܼشѧ޵צһʩչƬضڣ
ԸһСȥˣΪʧݡ
ֻأ
ҶһХ𶯾죬֮ӿضľע˫ȭ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬ȭɽɢĿ貹âȭȴɢҵϢ
ֻȭ
Сɣƶһ㣬Źצӭȥ
Ҷɡ
ϲ˴󾪣֪ܼҵ޵צжֲһ׼ʩչǶӧ棬οҶ
Ȼ
ǵѾˣҶѾԼʵȻ
ңֻȭĸȭȴʩչýܼʥ׼һֻȭ

ҶȻӲԼ޵צܼʥɫһ㣬ΪǶ裬ܼ似衣
䣡
֮·ٵһ㣬ս˻磬ǿҵĹâ˳ûˣӵҲѿ
꣡
ܼʥ˫һ𣬻ڱˣֲ֮Ѫ⣬Щƻ
ͬʱҶƸأ޵ֱӸѣֳС飬ѪȾս

ҶһҽУ꽫ѪߣԶѵŵۣѵѪ⴮һ
ˣ
ȵĴ֮һĳˢǣ׼۷߱Ƴ⣬޷
һΣܵش
һжֵõģɹܼʥһ˼ֻȭ
һ϶ѣȻң
ܼʥһĲ˼飬û뵽Ҷմ似˹Ź֣Ȼƿ׼۷
һеΪֹˣٸҶκλᡣ

ܼʥһȣҶ޸ٴγ֣Ȼ޵צҪҶצ£




2003 
޵צʵڿֲÿһڹж̺׼۷򣬸һС
Ҷı߾Ѿ޵ˣ޵צԾɱˣ
׼֮׼۷£ûд׼޷ֵ
Ҳڴ۲У׼ۿԾ£ѹĸڡ

ܼϿգȼ˴Ц˷ܲѣΪղܼʥ治è׽ӵϷѣһɱҶֻеķݡ
ʥ䣡
ʥ棬ҪΪս˱𰡣
ܼҵ˹ڵϣϵȼϣĻ档
ǿֻҪҶնɱɱǵˣһҲӵ
ܼұؽˣڷưǿ
ٺ١
ʥЦſǵˣǷˮת
#%%
Ǵֲ̣Ļ쳹ܼϿա
ǡ
ʥ̫Ѩͻͻֱֱӱֿڣ޲ýֻɶֱӿ¾ơ
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οɶİҲʥǿˣð֮踵ĳ֣Ҳ֮ܽɱ
ɵĻǰǵ裬ɶİëѾɣƾɱ׼ۼǿ߱ףϵĻɲġ
ǡ
ʥҲС㱻ը˷Ρ
Ҷˣ
׼ۣûκʤ㣬ɡ
˵ն׼̸ףοֻ߾ڶѡ
ܼôʱѾҵԤϣһѾͻƵ߾ˣ򲻿ǿս

ܶౣҲ۷׷ףΪҶս԰߾ǾʥĶ֡
Ȼ׼ۣûκʤ㣬ǿǶ̫ǿˡ
֮ݣס˶콾û֤׼֮ǰܴݣзɳɹ
ҶܳɹĻǾͲзɣзˡ
ǣʯҰͺ˵ˣŮͮͮ޶Ҷ׶༪ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣޺ŮͮͮǼʶҶֻȭģ֪ѹ׵ǿɱﵡ
Ȼ˿ֻ̣ȭûЧʲôƿ׼ۿ⣿
һʱ䣬߼žзس˵Ķᵽɤۡ
̫ʥ˾ǣһʼǱ㽫ѺҶϣҶսܱɱĻҲԲк³
ȻҲ֪Ҷվϣǿʳ磬ҲûãЩǻΪҶ֯౳
ǣΪӷͰף³ҲԲãǶọ̃⳥ܹƽϢ¶ˡ
ⲢҪģƽܼңҶŵܼ֮κ䱦ϣǰߡ
Ǿ޴棬ƾҶ˾ƹ껵ĹϵҪǲܵġ

ս
һڹ⽻֯ʱռ䡣
ܼʥ涯ɱҶκλᣬҪδ֮ʹɱ֡
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ˣ
һɲǣҶڳ׸ԭڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣʩչ׷ǲͻʱյĽѳķΧɱ֮
ȻȻ׷ǲޱȣʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ƿʱյĽԾɱನɨУ̴Ѫɫò԰ޱȡ
ѵһսʮֵľ񣬷ݱ
ȥ
γ֣ȻûܽҶɱܼʥ߳ŭһȣ֣޵צʩչ˼¡
ëΪԶˣ
ҶܣһȣƱǣ˷·һ̻أ˾ˡ
ë·
䣡
׺䣬һӽûˣһƬٵĺ
⡭
Ŀ࣬û뵽ҶȻһ֣ٽ٣˭Ҫ־壡
׼ۣǰҲû˿ƣΪԿ٣ȻԼ١
׼۶ɽ٣ǵöֲ
»ֱӻٵƬս
Ҷɱﵣ֮ǰչأ˲ѧͿ֮⣬Ҳ޲ꡡ
ΪͻƣֻΪƽǸٽ㣬ƶɽٵʱ䡣
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ҶΪܼʥ׼һͣٷֱ䣬÷Բǧﶼ׺
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޵ǰֱӱޣ޷Ҷκ˺
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Ϊûǹһɽ٣ǿǵ۱̥׼۽٣һõ۱̥ŶɽٵĻ׼ñκ
޾׺䣬ֲֿٸָ٣ˮ٣١̫١
ٹᴩգƬսȫΪһƬ׳
ҶС
ܼʥƿڴһ̫ȱ£߯ǶˣȻԸ
˿壬ûеֿƾԼϣ׺ģɱҶ
׺ģҶԡ٣ƾ׹£еһ˿׳
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ɽ٣רܶһӶû٣ΨбϿɵʸɽ٣ļ顣
ҶɽȴͬϷ׺ߣ˿Ӱ졣
ܼʥѰһҲѰܼʥ棬Ҫٵɱ١
Χϲ׼۷׷˱ܣ˭ҲٽԼϣԼ٣λ׼һɽٵĻӾʹˣƬǿշǻٵɡ
ҶСӣ
ܼʥʬһ㣬ߣܿ㷢Ҷһȣֱӳ֣Ҷɱ
Һӹ
ҶЦǣ·㲻ߣ
£ʩչֳһ٣Ƭ̫ڹ˸˸ֱһѾ޸̹ſصľ޸һ㣬ܼȥ
ͬʱ̫һܣԼǰסܼʥĹɱ
䣡
ر̫ɵľ޸һ赲ֱնܼʥԿϣͷնһƬЩԴư

ܼʥ澪ŭӣ͹Ҷٵʲôʥ˽٣׼۽Ҳ˰ɣ
ë·
Ҷֳʶ췣ɸֵܼʥնһʱ佫Ǳ
Ҷٵܼʥڳ˿
һͨɲٿ׽ٵнⲻŰ
ܼʥڵĳӶˡ
Ȼ˿˳ˣΪҶѾ


2004 ת
޾ױ£
Ȼֻٵһ磬Ҷٿֲޱߣ׼۶ɫ
Ҷ񱩵ģ壬ͬʱٿɱܼʥ档

СϣҾŹģ
ܼʥ汻ޱȣϡͷնˣֻʣ¼ëѡ
УҶף׼ҲС
Ҫǣܼʥ治ҿ٣ȻԼ٣Ŀǰ״̬ٵĻɡ
飡
һ񱩵£ֱӽܼʥһ򣬻飬ֻ㻹ǿߡ
ҿٵģû˿Կ﷢ʲô鶹ײˡ
׼ۣȻһңֱ˼飡
ץǣܶԿ٣һԼ٣ɡ
һ̣ΪԼľˡ
治жҶ֣ЩӳٵķΧͺˡ
ϧʲôУûкҩ
УҶݣϷֳʶ٣Խ׽֯ɵɱ
СҪ̫
ܼʥǱºüطð̣ͬʬ»ҡ
ߣ
ҶһֱɵĵӦϹ˸˸Ĵһӣ𶯳Ӳ絶һܼʥնȥ
ˣ
ƲѣܼʥֻüһٸӦԼԶȥ
Ȼ
Ҷ¼ٵ׷ǲǰ׼Ҳ˦ѡ
ëӣ
Ҷ깲͸޾ٴʮ
ܼϿա
ô£
ʲô
Ҷ׷ɱܼʥ棿
⡭ôܣһһˣ

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ʲô
ҶȻڷ׷ɱܼʥ棿
̫ˣʥ׷ɱ׼ۡ
ܼҵңǲңҲԸһС
ȻǸǣǵʥȷһʥʿ׷ɱƺ·š
٣
û٣
ǲ׹ǰҶǸСʿʱ򣬱õߵĴС
ҶʺӹɣҲܵõ׵ǹϿɣôѡΪС
һе۱ڵϿɣʺԶ͵ġ
Ѳ׷ߵİڣҲٲ
ֱʱǲ뵽ɸؾʱƾӲɱһǿ
ôȥˣѽĵز˰ɣ
䣡
𶯣
ӡ
ɵĵַܼʥɱѪ˿ޱȡ
ĸӦȴ޷ܿҶĹɱ⵽شñԪɺԵʱп䡣
ܼʥ̿ˣһθо˿־壬Ҳû֮ǰĴݣɥ֮Ȯ̻©֮㣬ƴӶݡ
㲻ҪɱվŲ㵹ʲôҶЦ⼤
ۡ
ܼʥһѪһ˵ģһǱҶģޱȡ
벻һеĲɱҶȴ֪ǲܵģУ̫ˡ
䡭
ٸֲˣ٣٣ִ˵еٶˣҶòضԴ˲ɱܼʥˡ
ĻһڴϢܼ֮ʥнϢȻûߣǶˣŻϮɱҶ
䣡
׺ããһٴɽ룬ֱҶϣҵһϲѺۣѪȾ
һֲִ췣ϲ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䣬٣мܿ£
߾ڵСٶѣȻôֲҶ֤ʥˣ߾ʱֲ٣
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ϲĿ飬ȥսպȥһгɿգӴ˻ҷ
ǷĴ٣ͬʱҲҶ׼ɱ֮һ˿ֲ٣ûֶεĻֱζ
ѹҶеӭս׼ۣ
ʱҲعζٲҶĵƺɱﵡ
ʣܼʥΣˣкߵĴսⲻŰ
ۣоʲô
˵£ʥܿ첼̨Կ׺
ͬʱ΢ŪһԼߵ̨ʾеľ
ս֮⣬ϲҲͨ׺
ܼʥͷǱĶһ㣬ĬĬȴʱ׼ɱһ
𡭡
Ҷſ˫ֱۣӽУʱһ˷·һͨ翴һ
⡭
һĻſڽ࣬Ŀɿڴ
⻹
ǿٰȻֱˣѵôǿ
ʥһ񱩵٣ǽ룬ַӻΪٻңҶȴ塣
˱˵Ȼӣ
ˣǲҶƾʲôôǿⶼģ
ٶ벻ǿѡ
˶֪ս֮ҪôҶ䣬ɾܼҵĲʢҪôܼҳ׸𣬳ȫ
һ̣һЩ˶˼Ҫԭʥشùϵ
Ϊٽ֮ʱҶ֮ʱܼȻ֮ƽɱ
һЩʥغϴĬȻˣҲϿֲ²⡣
ʥ׼֮䣬Ͼǵ蹵ҶȻսͻƣսҲ̫ס
׼۱ǰԾֻޣٽ֮ǰܼʥɱ
ҲãҶֻܳټƽܼʥɱ򽫲лˡ
Ҳһ˿룬ΪҶˣдˣսܹٴ漣
ֻϣ̫ãˣȫ翵ʵеðա
Ψڣ˿ģǸҶʱҲۼҶʥ˽١
ֿٵصĴȻͦˣεٿ϶Ҳ¡
ϾⲻһС٣ȫûʹȡ
ֻǵģܼʥٽ֮ʱҶʱչɱ
䣡
ױڳԽԽˣҶҲֵֻܵһȭһ٣üѿɵӡɳһɽ١
꣡
һ֮Ҷȥ
ǡ
Ҷһ㶣֣޾׺ľͷһڣǴӹдµġ
飡
Ҷֱץסˣ񱩵׵罫ֶսˡ
Ȼ
ʱҲӦһĺۼ
飡
ը޾Ҷ·Ҫ׻
꣡
ڴʱܼʥˣĹצֱץҶ꣬Ҫ֮ɱ
ʿҪľ꣬һ겻ˣôҲͲˡ
ڶħ˵ǲһվѣʱǸ
˿̣ܼʥҪɱҶ꣬䳹׳ɿա
ء
ڵĹצŴ̶ХƥҶץȥ




2005 
㲡Ҫ
һ־ɱܼʥʱѡǡô
˿ҶΣʱը޾ϢΧ
ܼʥѡʱ֣Ҷѩϼ˪Ӧԡ

ǵ˾һᵽɤۡ
̫ˣ
һЩʥҲݣΪҶڽӡ
ڼѵ֮У⵽׼۵һҲ
ϲ˶üͷΪҶ׶༪ˡ
Ҷˣ
ܼҵ˺ȼ׷һΪѶ
£ҶǾèҲɡ
ϾϣϣϾϣ棿żʥĮ˵
ûôףܼʥôô׵ȥػꡣƼʥһЦԵóء
ʲôҪֻҪѰ黹Уʥ˵
İɣϺö٣ʱǶзݡʥ˵
һհʥҲĵ˵
սδĻǱ㿪ʼηߵˡ
ǿսѾûҶ
ң֮ǰܼʥػ꣬Ĺ似ᱻᡣ
Щܼұǿ𣬾ٶܺ߳۵ĵͥ
Ҷıô
ڰǵ˵ĲѣȼϲЦտʱ򡭡
䶸

дһȣһǹâΨһɹ⣬ɱ
ۣ
ǹâһУſֲ٣ֱӽܼʥһ˫צ飬ΪһѪ
꣡
ǹâ˥£쵶һ㣬ֱӽܼʥˡ

ܼʥһҽУѪѺۣЩٵЮƬ屩ת޸
ô£
ޱȣû뵽Ҷ׼ûѣ˸ӵ
ĺ޷˽ȥ׼Ҷӭͷ
ĵ£ʱ˱
вڵ״̬ǳ⣬ԲܶʩչؽľԪ
ΪҶû׷ɱϢޣ·һ߸ʬһ㣬û˿
ͷĽܲѺۣʱпѽ塣

ȼϵЦ˲̣һ㣬г𺧡
ôܣ
ҶȻ׼۱ݣشܼʥ棬Ǹе˼顣

ƽЦɵ˰ɣŰ
УҶСӲס
ҲͨеĹؼ˵βϸߣһʤġ
ϣ
ƬսȫټˣȴûʲôΨĻ֮Ҫ綼顣
ܼʥɫ粻ܵ˾޴ΣգΪѣ޷ɱˡ
һٸӦĴڣؽ׼۽٣ʱɡ
ʵϣеҶҲܣղ޾֮Уðհܼʥ棬Ҳˣ˵˱Դ
ǴˣϣǷҲΪ
ڵֻ֧ܿţϣҲ׶༪١
Ҹܼʥ׼ۼǿʱпٴηһ
׺ػˮ١
һÿһϲԵ־ֲޱߡ
ҶУ֪˶ٴΣ궼ܴˣһѺۣ֮⽵͵㣬ֹ
䣡
ڴʱʮһҶȫûˣ̨Ҳ澿ʲô
ٿȻʧˣֵʱͻȻսָ
һεĽ̿ب֮Уû˿
Ҷ
Ҷӡ
ҶСӡ
˾Լ۾
һҶȻԼˣ
Ȼ
ʵȴ˵ĲпᣬٵλãֻһβȱĽ̿Ǹˡ
վδ졭
һЩʥ˵ɫӣ֪ǿϧҡ
ˣڻˣ
ȼ˳һ¶ɵЦݡ
Ҷѹͷһʯڣʯڲˡ
ƥҶ
ϲһȣ߶ǹǰɱҵǹâһУܼʥɱȥ
Ϊܼʥ澹Ȼٴγ֣ͬ̿һҶȥҪĨɱ
ˣ
һ𶦵ϲǰżĮ˵ս˭Ҳ׼֣Ϸ򲻿
ϣ
ǹ𶦼ײһ𣬱۵ĹâƬս·һ̫硣
飡
ڴʱǿܼһ£罹̿Ҷĵķѣɻҡ

ǵ˾Ŀѣ޲ɱսܼʥʬΡ
Ȼ
Ҳ֪ܼʥ˿״̬ѣҲսʤġ
׼۱Ͼ׼ۣǿûͻƵ׼֮ǰҲ޷׼۱ݡ
ܼңˣ
ƽɢϢŭģ֤׼֮ıܼʮ壬Ȯ
һ
ȸɫᣬϣɱȻ
ǵĵӲҪңҼһɱһҲŭˡ
λʥǿߵвʮҵʥȻһɲὲʲôأǶǵֵĻһѡ
ǰǣһһȱڻԴСʲôá
ңˣֻҪ㹻ĲϣɲóۼɱȻ֮һҲɺɱˣ׼ۣɱ֮УҲѲƤ
һ̣Ƕ˼ҪһߵĻǿɾΣˡ
Ȼһ뵽ǹھµ裬ˣ֮£ֻסˣ˭ס
Ϊ֮ƣֻżԳֲп󻼡
ȻżȴóȻ֣ϲǾӣһ֣򶼻ᱻˡ
Ҳݣ˵ؽѪϴǵʯ
һǿҲܽиֶʯأһǾŴ󺷷˷ݣֵܽüȮ
һʱ䣬ʮҵ˳ĬˣҲû֮ǰ˷ܣǸоκͱˡ
˲ԡ
ڰΪҶĲݵʱսͻȻһ
ˢ
һ̣˵Ŀȫתսϲ͹żҲͣɲĿսġ
䣡
ǻٲһ㴹䣬Ҷ֫Ѹٲĵ
ž
һУѪ죬Ҷٴγǰڷɢͭɫļ˸ű⡣
⡭
ۻ𣿡
ҶǾè𣿾Ȼˡ
һĻˣ۷׷ףҶʵ̫ˣ˵Ԥϡ
ˣ
Ҷʥ⣬ȼᶨޱȣһһë·




2006 ׼ۣ
¡¡
иУ¾ŵѪףҶΧը죬ս·ΪѪɫ޽硣
Ǻǡ
ܼʥЦΪȼͿҿ⣿̫ˣ˵׼۲裬ԶҲ׼ζʲô
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ

·޶һ㣬ƬضΪ֮𶯡
ۡ
Ҷ͵һѪɫ䣬ΨȻ侲
Ĵˣȼ·ˣȴӰս
ܼʥǳ⣬û뵽ԼܽҶѪΪҶơ
Ļżˡ
Ҷ˹ܼأܶ˲ǾôɱĻ̫ˡ
һӽܼʥ棬Ҷо˸
յһУ֮ڣΨû㵽ٵֲ̫شӶܼʥһĻᣬ㱻ɱ
ȻıܼʥһɱҲ᳹ȥ
һöǵӵһǳзõġ
зΣʹõĻᡣ
չϣ
ܼΪ˿̵Ҷǰϵ⣬׸д죬˽ŲҶǰѹﵽӾĥҶĿġ
ȼ˷ޱȣȻҲҶǿиɣɫܼʥڹӾĥݿ־ױ
ʮɡɡɡɡ
Ҷʱ׼
ȥɣ
ܼʥһȣҩ۱̥һжҵġ
ꡭ
һ˫צ˺յХҶͷ­ץȥָâ׼۷򣬽ʱա
䣡
ڴʱ
Ҷˣ˫һƣһ̫ͼһֳ֣·ҪƬ磬ܼʥѹ£𣡡
Ҷһƶ磬ḥ֮̂ݺݵײܼʥϣֱӽײɳȥ
ۣ
ܼʥ͵һѪϢһңԴը֮ľ
һ˲䣡
ط·𶼾
ô£
Ŀ࣬˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻͣھϮȻشܼʥ棬ǿһλ׼۰
һЩʥ𾪵˼㣬룬ղŻԼ
ʣɣ׼֮ûܵסҶؽɱӵвûá
ⲻܣⲻܡ
ܼҵ˷·ʧķһ㣬ϵ޷ʵ
ԭΪҶѾǿ֮ĩܼʥ׸
Ȼ
ڸղţ
Ŀ֮£ǵʥ棬Ϲӡ׼ۣҶһشˣ
⡭ǵľ֪
ǣȼʥҲ䣬ӹͷð
ҶղʩչסǣȻƿ׼۱ݣ̫˼ˡ
ʲôǿ󣿡
ż׼۶ˣһССʥȻܹвεǿߣܲ𾪣
ǿ
ĳ۵λ׼üͷ΢Ǹо˲Ҷ߾ڱвЩ׼ۼǿߣһ֤׼ۣǿԺɨ׼ۣ
Ҫˣ
۰ֻ̾ҪҶڣƱǿͷˡ
ֻҶӵд۵ؽȣҪǷˣ帲֮ղԶˡ
һ̣̳֣Ҷе󻼡
Ȼ֪ǲܵģйżİҲܵóѣ׼۲ֹһ֪᲻ͻȻĳǿ׼
Բռˣ
ңҲдֹ۵ˣ֪Ŀֲ֮ڰʱпܱҲںˡ
һ̣ڳ˸˼ں棬Ҷʲôشܼʥ档
һţȴ˾
һ˭Ҳûм
Ҷ̫һȫµ
ؼԴŻΪ֮壬־
οҶмʱ䡢ռ䡢ֻأûгƣȴѾܹǿɱˡ
һЧشܼʥ棬Ҷһ
ԵڻĻǵһ˵ܼʥĻΣˡ
һжԤ֮УһЧͼˡ
֮ǰ뵽ˣȫһӦܼܽҵĵ̻ɱ
ȻĶˡ
ֲһشܼʥ档
ֻһû뵽ģǾоȻ˵ˡ
˷ǳֲȬòҩпȫ޸ˡ
ûʱ䣬Ҫȳ׽ܼʥ棬ʵԼĳŵ·
˽ʣ׷ܣɹѧ
֮ҶǲڵģܸκδϢ֮
ɣ
Ҷһȣٴδ߶֣ܼʥɱȥ
䣡
Ͻɫּգḥ̂ѹڵ
ۡ
ܼʥѪٴαɣˡ
⵽ʲô
ܼʥоԼ׼ۣǰȴֻбķݣ׼۷򶼵ס
ɱ
ҶӦɱ⳹ױ
ƴڳ˭Ҳˣ
ܼʥڵѪԴݽߣԪҲ˾ͷÿһξѪ˵ޱ
ڣȴ˺üڣƸӼӾˡ
ƴ
䣡
ܼʥвҶֱӴ߶ɱĿǰΨһܹɱܼʥ
Ҹƴˣ
ܼʥȼһεĻһ㣬˿ֲϢһĴ۹Ӿʮء
ۣ
ҶҲһھѪȾѪӿֲˣϢ籡Ƶʮ
ɱ
Ҷһԣͷڷƶ֣ٴܼʥײȥ
һƬž
˶ĿתֵĿبδеĲһս
ʥΪն׼ۣҶ
ڵʽƺϣΪҶѪ죬޾ɱ
ܼʥѪɿݣ⣬ҷһƴ
Ȼܼʥ治ƺȼıԴƴһ֮սƺﵽ۷״̬
Ȼˣ״̬Բܳ־ãҲ֣ԼҲɡ
ܼʥƴˣΪ֣ƴһᶼûС
ƴ֮󣬻̵ܹʱڱеҶҩϣڶ
飡
ֱˣҶѣѪȾգը֮һƬջΪ˻磬һĹâʱסܼʥ׷ɱ
ɱ
Ҷת֮޸壬ͬƱԴٴݻ֣ɱ
䣡
һΣ˫ƾУҶܼʥҲͬˣ
ն
ҶѪޱȣսﵽ˶㣬һδεݻ֣ܼʥɱ
ۣ
ܼʥٴһѪɫ䣬Ʋ֮ǰǿ·
ϾѪɿݣԪǿ֮ԾûնҶлңԤе˲
Ȼ˿̼ߣҲѻˣֻƴʩչܼҵľѧǳˡ
ɱ
Ҷӿɱ⣬䣬زһĹɱ
ΪΪʲô
գܼʥڲ֧׼۾ʧȥ׼۷ı
һ̣֪ʲô
Ϊģ
Ͼ׼ۣǿս
Ҷֻһʥ
ýˣ
ҶһʱӦˣܼʥѾˡ

һҶ֣Ӷֻȭж֮״ܼʥڡ
ʮһȭ
˲ɣֲܼ֮ʥҴܣƻе
䣡
ʬһܼʥȻͣ顱һըȴûжѪɽ

ܼʥгֵĴС
Ȼ
Ľֻ˲һӱȻֹҲˡ
һ׼ۣɿգ




2007 ڹž
һƬž
һ׼۱ʥ򱬣ֱһ㡣
񻰵ģҶ
߾ն׼ۣˣ
ݵļž֮һƬȻ˶ˡ

ô
ܼҵ˳ɵۣĴ·һ㡣
ĿУʥ̾Ǽ죬ϣ
Ȼ˿̣ϣˣ
һ̣ĸе˾׼۾ʥ涼սˣ˭ܱǣ
ǣ˴Ҳ֣һӿǵͷ
Ҷ̫ǿˣ߾ڰ
ȴն׼ۣ
սبδУԽ˹֮ۡ
ĵˣܲܲ壿
һ̣ӿһĻ⡣
֪ˣͲӦѡҶԣϧ˵ʲôˡ
żʥҲɫ࣬ǹżȻҶȴҲҶһɳǼб㡣
Ҫ֪ʮУֻǹżҺҶ֮޷ĳޡ
һҶͻƵ׼۾¿Ժɨ׼ۣʱǵƽȻ޴棬ҲпܲĶ֡
ô죿
żʥĵ֮У·𿴵һδ
żҶļ̤£׸𣬲ܼҵĺ󳾡
żɫҲѿôҲû뵽ܼʥ澹ȻıҶնɱˣֱӺɱ긲ٲ
ⲻҪĽܼʥսԤʾܼҵҶ
۱̥õһһȺǿУνʧ
۰
ķ漣ˣ
̫ˣ

ȫ˺ܶʥھΪ˼飬Ҷһ٣ڹžǰ޹ˣߣ
߾ڵʵն׼ۣ£˭
ǹۣ֮Ҳֻһۣ߾۷ն׼ۡ
һսʷᣬΪǿĵ䷶
ȻڽҶ۵Ĵټֱˡ
һҪҶԭʥشùϵ
һ̣ʥжС̡
ʣͳҶսؿɳɵۡ
һδĴѣܱҪõöɣ
һ̸̣ʥдڣ֪ˣղžӦվӵġ
ҺԭʥسʼʥŮǰԼ⣬ǰ̫ˡ
˿̣ܶʥ˾Ǻ̫ʥŰ졢ǵĿжĽͼʡ
ʣЩʥؽغҶͬһսϣܵҶıӻԷٲʢء
Ҷ䣡
˺ʯҰ˾ơ˾ϲ֣˷ܵ۸ߺ
ǳ
Ůͮͮ૵˵ƽеļΪ壬òڵʹʹĸҶɱһ
˵Ҷز֮ˣؿ֤ź룬Це˵
ɶʱѧˣһѺڿ


ߵ˸߲ңϲܼȴң־;֮ӡ
ˣ
һжˣ
ţһ̫ңվڽߵ˾ͷ
ˣ
ղҶлǹ·âɱ⾪졣
ȫž˵ĿⶼͶ·ڿһȽȽǣһǿĴۡ
Ҷ䣬ƽ޲ɨܼˡ
˿̣ܼҵʿǧ֮ڣȴ׵ĸһ㣬־嵽

Ⱦǰɣ
ܼһ̫ϳϡͨһżˣţܼ˶ˡ
˿̣Ψһϣǹż棬û־ܼңǡ
˵żΨһľݣǲ
ż۵׹âһҪƾԼӣһܼҡ
ǹżкôģܼѾˣٴ˿̳֣ܼңôܼҾǹżҵĸӹˡ
֮ͶһǿļΪӹºֶΪأ
Ҫ˵Ļÿ˶ҪΪԼѡеȷҪеݺ𣿡
ӦżĲҶĮĿ˵

żʥһϺȣ羪ס
Сӣ˶˵
żĮ˵ҪΪսʤܼҵǸϷͿ԰׼ۣ㻹Զ
ϵ۱̥ҩԭð֮żʥ˵
˴˿̣Ѿûʲôˣ˵ԼҪ
ұ죡
Ҷһȣ˵ķô
ʲôǿƣͽǿơҶûнżʥ
ûż棬ֱ׼֣ɱܼ
żкһǿ׼ѹҪסܼҵˡ
ڴʱϲǰһǿƵס׼ѹĵ褣ִһ֮˽֣ǲ㵽һս
£˭˭һĿȻȻ̻ܼңҾ۱ϾżҵһóסҲǿƿڡ
۱鲼ĴĶϾ͹żҵһнףżƱ볹׵Ĺ֮С
ڹżҵĴѾǳˣԴϴǿչ·ʮ˳ǣʮʥǿΧɱҶ֮󣬹żұϳ˱
෽żҲŽԭ£˿ٲһе̻ܼңżƱظӹ
뵽żֻһ˼ʾٲ֡
ʵϣưͳԻп˵
֮ǰǿƳԣвϲˣǲ̻ҶܼҺҶ˶϶Թ
ܼʥ׼ڣҶǿҲˡ
ȻķչȴԤϣҶС汬ǿնܼʥ棬һӰˡ
ִⱣܼңǳԼԼ
һ棬ĳʱ򱣻ܼңڳĳ۵֮⣬е׼۶Ὣìͷ׼
ô׼һ֣ͻƵ۾磬ƥУᱻɱ
ԭһҲֻεѡܼңпǹżҶǣ
һЩʥҲݹż档
ⲻ˫ر׼Ҫ˲ò֣ͷԼȴҪ֣һ׼ۣҲôҪɣ
˶Ҷܹն׼ۣɱܼʥ棬кܴ˳ɷ棬ɱ޷شܼʥĻ˿˿¾ˡ
һͻȻܼͬʥԲŹڳκһҶйصˡ
ż棬¾һˡ
桭
ܼٴΰϣżܹԮ֣֮һѡ
Ȼ˿̹żԹ˲Ͼô׼ۣٲˡ
ۣ
Ҷһǹ£ֱӽܼҵһ̫ϳ϶ڵϣԽѣѪɡ
̤ƽܼңȮ
Ҷգ羪ףܼأ
Ѫɱ¾ʼˡ


2008 λı仯
ѪŽѪɣ
һɱ¾ʢ磬Ĳҽڶ

ʯһʥƵܼҵ˳Ƭĵ£ʥ˿ɵ
ʥǿߣûӦʥ֣Ҳסһ
ϾǷǳǿģڵ֮ûж˸Һսʿƴ
~
̫ʥľһӲƵʮĵһ㣬նһ赲
ռһΣҫһƬââֵģΪߵͣ׷׻һ⣬Ҳɱ
ݣâնأɵǵ۱˭ӧ棿
ǵ۱ҲӲƬпܴˡ
۱֮ͨģһײ֮
걬һ۱֮սȻսϽеģӰȴȻڡ
ֱ˿̣ҹǿգܹǬλһƬտûһǳ
ഫǵʱ۱֮սдеģǳ򱬡泾
һ֣ɱܼҵˣҵ˼㡣
ܼȫΪ޵ǶϹǡ֫ͷ­ѪȾһУХ
˲ҾȰ˴ʥľսд˵ǣһֵĻԼ
ҶѪȲ̵ֶľһйϵ̫ңôˣչ󣬽׳Ϊʷ
ǰҪΪ
Щʥǵսľż˵г
Ҷս𾪵ǣǸе־壬׼۶նɱ˭赲
ҶĵҪѰĻ¾ǳ̶ûá
ģ
żĮ˵ܼдҲûʲô˵ģҶҶұػ֡
䣡
Ӧǵһ죬Ҷɱɢ֣һ޴ɱɽգֱһƬܼˣѪˡ
ˢ
żɫһӱޱȣ޺޵һ˦ӣŹżʥ뿪ˡ
һż涼ȥˣ˴ʥҲæĸȥˡ
ѾȷܼҸѾ޷أҲûˣȥú˼һ½ô졣
һĻ˶֪ӽܼҽĨȥ׳Ϊʷ
һ۰
֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ջһ
ԭʥرؽƲɵ
۷׷ףг˸п
ǸСʿڳɳˣһоԶ̫ҡ
ۣ

ɱ¾ڼݣһħʢ磬һ޸衣
ܼأؾȫ˸飬ܼҲ֪ûκϣˣֻƴ˲С
Ͼÿ˶Ҷսڴս
һڱ飬һɽȾѪضȾˡ
ҶﶯֵͬʱܼгļҲչͻϮж
Ϊʥرȼ̫ңܼкܶҵ֮С
һЩʯʯоϵȵȣЩطս
һЩܼҲʲôԹ³ļʥءϴҲˣնɱܼˣᱦء
޹ڳޣһжֻΪ档
գܼҶʢ嶫˸ǣҶ̤ƽ̤ƽյĳг𶼳ˡ
ǽƣƹ˴
ܼˣ˶֪չϽҲûܼһ塣
£Ȼ޼ɵɱ֮˿ܼء
ضˣʥ̱ɱܼѾûκη̵Ŀܡ
ȻսܺܿԤδĺܳʱڣиִս׷ɱ
նɱ˼ʥ̫ϳ֮Ҷ㲻ٳ֣ϲǰл
ǵ壬ƽܼҾԲô˳żܿջĳ֣ʱ˶ڽӡ
ÿ
ħڵħˬʵĴЦһжԼȡģ㿿Լʵܼҵĵ̣Ҳ޷档
ţ
ϲͷһжҶԼƾʵӮģҲûʲô£ҶҪϡ
ҶǹǱʾ˸л
ҶӵһŸжģǳΪһǿģѪˣǿһʱкýġ
ҶСֵܣϲ㣡
һЩʥҲ׷Ҷк׽
˿̣ҲдҶȻᣬʵȴӣཻٶʲôʥļӣǴǸԼҲڡ
ȻǺܲԸϣʵˡ
֪УҶѾһСʿɳҪĸ߶ˡ
Ҷѡ
ҶǫѷĻû˿԰
ϾЩǧʥǣľ
Щˣ۽ëǿյģ˿ǰףأʾãҪùϵ
ԴˣҶУϾԭʥҪռһϯ֮أӵһĻȨͱҪ༸ѡ
Сɱܼʥʱʲôôǿ󣿡
ԺԺɮЦʵ
ţ
һֳ̣һӾ˶˶䡣
ҲҶֲֿȻܹ׼۱ݣܼʥشջɱ
Щ׼ǣģһȥɲˡ
Ҳ֪ûмԸ⴫ˡ
Ҳ֪⾿ʲôоƽ֮
ǿзԿƣֻҪԭҪƽⲢѡ
֮û˿ѯʣҶᡣ
ڿԺԺʳˣôܻ᲻ģ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԴһ֣߶
Ҷ󷽷˵ֵԭȴ˶ɵˣ
߶ֻҶԼʩչ봫Ҳûʩչ
֮Դ޷ƽ⣬û취ƽġ
Ҷֻ߾ڣ㿪һֹڹžǲò̾ĳɳٶ̫ˣ쵽޷
֮⣬Ҳ֪Ҷͻ֮󿪴ģ֮ǰ㿪
Ȼ˵߾ʱҪԼԼĹ似Ҳûôİ
⣬Ҷؿ֤ΪһĴۣ
һ̣жĸп
ɱѽ
Ȯ
ڵߣû۵СӶ
Ծɱ¾һڣ඼Ԫ뵣ϼڣɣǱ
ЦǣƽСƦӣڵߣһСӣһȫˣúܶ
ʱ䣬ԭʥʽʱλ룬λȥȱˮƣһ¡
Ҷڳ˷룬ǽʱȥʯ񣬼֤ԭʥصĳ
һһ
ʱһ߶š
ȹϲҶʥԭʥǧ̣棡
λ׷״Ӧ˵һŵأ֤ԭʥسһʷԵʱ̡
ЦôõһҶ׽ĻᣬϷŹ
Ҷ룬ֻҪ֪ҲȻǰ




2009 ض
ܼ£ȫ
Ѫǧʬɽ˼Ȯ
Ǵ˽ܼеı⡢عȫ򿪡
ܼҵ˶ˣһƣǳڴ˵пԼһ
ͬӵǿ̵̫ʥغ˾ռҲܼ̾ҵ̫ḻˡ
һſʯâ貣ҫ۾䱦ġ
ǺֱӴ߶ƽе䱦һԵȫ
˫£ûʲô赲ĽŲҲûκβرĵطù˫ıӡ
ܼҳױ˸׶ëûʣ£޶δʳ
ؾеڡ¥ȵضֱػû¡
ϰף̣ܶ
Ҷðǽбȫó̫ʥغ塢˾ռ塢λƽ֡
֮ǰӦģʳԣûаװæģȻ˼Ҹô࣬ȻӦõõӦеĻر

ĥĥ䣬Ǹʲôﵽóˡ
ҶҲֻ÷Լһԭ򣬲鲻ԸĽбȫ˳
ʱ䣬ǰ·һ䱦磬ֹűϡʯ飬ε۾ˡ
ƽ˰ɣ
ҶɨһۣҲľ̫ҵղ̫ḻˣƾЩղأͿѸٵһʥ
Сˡдˡ
ǰҶ˵ԭʥظոսҪԴĵط̫ˣЩ㻹ԼŰɣǲҪ
ǰҶӣǲȱЩ䱦˾Ҳ˵
ҶӣòǵֵܣֵܵĻЩ͵ǵĺˡʯҰҲ˵
ûԭʥظոճҵˣҪõԴĵطܶ࣬Űɣ̫ʥҲʾҪЩ䱦
⡭
Ҷû뵽䱦Щ˻ܿס̰ʧģѡ
ҶӣòʵĻҾʹǼһЩ
ҶΪѣ˾ǰڶѻɽ䱦УһƷʯ
ûҲһЩ͵жıˡ
˺ʯҰҲ׷ǰȡһƷʯЦ˿ˡ
ţ
˵ǶǺţӦѧϰ
˵ȴԥϽһΣֱӽѻɽ䱦
лݵ󱨣
Ҷ֪ôҲҪЩˣֻù֣ʾл
ʵҲԼСžš
Щ䱦Ȼ󣬵ȴǱģǴоԶȻҲһĻ
Ŵ󺷷Ȼûôǿĵ̣ɺһеģмˣ
ǲȱЩ
෴βЩ䱦ҶǷһ顣
˵Ҷ飬Զǰ㱦ҪҲмֵ
δҶ֤سɴۣǵļõҶıӻ㽫ڰҽҲ޾塣
һ޷ĺô˵һδ۵飬ԶЩļֵ
ӴˣҲ׺ҶһսϣӴͬˣ衣
ѹһ֮ǳˣܼأױһƬ棬Ҷǲɢˡ
ԶЩ̫ĵʦΪϸнģƬ
ڣ˷棬ƱˣҲסȻҲӵˡ
ѹε泹ףʵĹεߣǹεɣëûʣ£
Զغڴ˵һЩȫʧˣ̲ס޷޵ķɧȴҴ˵
ڰѹιĵطǻջⲻ
˭
ǿëֵͭӶĶŹѹιĵطջ񣬼ֱȵ컹ѡ
Ҷȫ֮ЩԸص׷׽ܼеڶѹ뷢
ϧǣæ˼죬ȴëҲûڵֻڵһѵĲשߺʯͷǷ߷߲ѡ

ʯ壡
ŵƽʣַǷ
һΣҶǲ⿭飬һض顣
һ̫ҵذѸٽԭʥװݡ
˾ռ塢̫ʥأǣҶûȥʢ
ʥĹ㳡ϣЦһƬһ̳̳ƱһͷͷʥޱϴɾȪ󣬼տ
ʯжžƱյߺȵòֺ
ڼСӰ£Ҳѧ˵ϵľ㳡ϲס
պ㷹Ŀ֮󣬷׷׸ȥˡ
ϾҲһʥصܳʱʯ塣
˺ʯҰ˾ơŮͮͮ˵ûߣ˵ҪȵҶԭʥʽ֮ߡ
Ӿǲˣĺġ˰뿪Цĵ٩
ﲻˣǺȵצһ̳ӣ˵
٣ǰɣԽǸҾԽߣҺΣһƨڰϣбۿ˵
ȥ
Ǻȵöᣬһӽ˶ϣ㽫ĳѹֻġ
һĻ˿Цѡ
ˣܲ
ʯҰ˵ʱ˵ĸͣҹͬٱһһ߿֡
Ǻݣ
ʹ˳̵ľŴӰ㬵˵Թ̫Ŀ󣬷ǵֻ֣
죬аʵҲ׷׳أûκ֪ͨѭžѰ˹
սһֱ֣ҹȥҺ˵ƴƣŮͮͮСš
Спɻ˳𣿡
Ҷѯʵ
Ȼֻ֪Уܹز̫һǿơ
Ͼյ磬ϵһЩǿ˽⣬֪һʥص̫ζʲô
ã
Ҷͷʦģ˵赭дһԱ֮ڹһû˵
ʲôлãǹֱ̼һۣ۵˼㡣
ƽҡҡλε̨ܹҶһĳȥˡ
Ȼǵ֪ľľ
оԼֱǸѾôˣôŬҲܱЩ졣
ΪҶ׸Ȼص򶼲ˣͨѾ׷ӡ
Ҫ벻ΪҶ׸ͱҪǿ
һ̣аʶ˽ȸУ͸Ҫ˵ˡ
ǿ
ԭʥص˹ͬĿꡣ
ǿر⣬ܼѹսƷűĴ
ЩԺԭʥصĵˣЩûʯҲܼ겻⡣
󣬻Ҷѳɵۣʱʯе
Щʯ͸ֲϣĥԭʥΧĻɽٴơ
˵ŬڵԭʥѾ˼᲻ɴݵıݡ
һɽȫ漤׼Ҳѹ




2010 
ʯһƬڵʱҲ졣
Ÿʥ׼ǵȥҶն׼ۣǿ̫ܼҵһʯѸϯ硣
𺳣½Ծ
һʱ䣬絽Ҷһսƽ̫ҵ¼ұ˶汾
˵ҶǴת̫֮һҷ
Ҳ˵һս쳣࣬ҶЩ䣬ջشܼʥ棬Žһʤ
ô˵ʥص̫ܼҸˣǲʵ
£Ҳܶ˾ӡ
ûвĴУνĲ࣬Ҳߵյһ졣
ʿͨˣ̸Ļ⣬鼤ܡ
˭ûʱ
Ҷǿƻع飬һŭƽһ̫ңѪڣ׷߳ɽţʼ䣬ѰǵӢΡ
һսνӰԶڲҲΪ𶯣ʼǿˡ
һоԶ̫ҵˣôͻȻúܶ˶ںܳһʱڷӦ
̫ܼңڶ򱱲˵һ򣬺绽꣬ܣǿƵ˼㡣
Ȼ
һȻȴҶһˣʲƽˣʷϾ޽С
ܼҵĸҲӡ֤ûвĴ仰ȷԡ
˵̫ˣǵ壬Ҳȷ㲻࣬Ҳûһ졣
Ҷַ·һÿһ˶Ȼ
ǿչ·ʧ˶Ϊؽãã֮УȴǿƳʥ
߻ģʱΨй֮۲ֶΡ
Ҷȴˣǵûʧǿգʥһ
ңոջع󲻾ãֿɣʥأǳһŭΪˣ˧һٹܼأƽһ̫ҡ
һŭƽ̫ңն׼ۡ
һԻ͵ս
һ˲֪ҶĴ˾һսʿһ߲ʵķᱮ
˶ۣЩԭҶ˸ӴŵʥغʹУҲʼڿ˼׽
һЩȼ壬ҶԹ϶ʥغϴ̻̲ա
Ҿڶ򱱲ܼಢԶ
ô죿
ʥձ޲þǨԱܿҶ㡣
һսӰ쵽緽棬ݾ۱ׯͳƣֲС˶Ȼдҽס
壡
ΪһʿȺػλȻ
Ȼ˿Ҳ˻֮С
ͳ£ͼıҶ۱Ԫֱӱ˽գڰ٣óء
ҲǼӵĸҶһ򣬼λȻһδĴҲʲôǵ顣
ôܣ
ڵ֪Ҷľս֮ЩԭЩԪϣֱӾ̱ڵϡ
Ǻǿ׼۶նҶû˿ʤ㡣
ҶǳĻ¾Ҳ汣ǣΪϾǰ
񣬲£ػǿչ·
ڽλԪϹ˽֮ýһЩҪݺΪ򶨲ġ
ӵ֮ǿչ·Ľֱʯˡ
ãȻ̾һ֪ⱲҪ׷Ҷǲˣ֮Ѿ˲Խǵ蹵
ʣȴΡ
ʵĲ࣬㲻ʾܸıġ
ԪϹ˽յͬʱڲҲˡ
Ҷ
ۻ֮󣬱гԱȥҶԭʥΧ֣ɱ⣡
ڵ֪Ҷն׼۵¼֮󣬺һɵҶǳɵˣӿĿ־塣
ʱеϣȻɳԸǵĵزз
ϺŽᣬʵȴһɢɳҲΨгǿ߲壬ǲڲҡ
жѱ֮СսǲʱĻᷢԴ˳Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ȼ˴γȴҶԭʥس㲻ȥףأҲԲȥҡ
ܶһⲻޣȴҲ֪ԼҶĶ֣׼۶ܻɱȥǴȥ
û˻᲻ϧԼҲ⡣
ۣ֮ԣ˯ѵǾҶ󲻳ɣ
һ׼˵
ȥ鷳Ҿ㣬Ҳһ㣬Ϊ޹ء
ĵԼҪˮ

ô뵽ҶɱܼʥһĻĻ׼˲ˡ
в̣˵ҹ۲죬Ҷ˾һߣһɣôһˣˣˣֻɽãԲܽ񣬷Ժӽѹ
۶Ҷ˸ߵۣ׼ˡ
һսһЩҲǿչ·ǿչ·ˡ
ܶ־ϵ·˶оܵ˼Ĵ
Ҷǿ֮·û꣬ն׼ˣǻڲϵ֮УҲʵ̫ˡ
ҹȻûп㡭
ǿչ·ʮ˳ǣ죬ңǶ૵
ƹ򡢽ʥǡ
УܶԴǺŵضˡ
߾ڵʵն׼ۣبδУǷ·𿴵һƲɵ

磡
һЩг˲𾪡
ڴʱ䣬һƬû˿
ȴڽд𾪣
ѵҶģ
ܶ˶ھɣҲѹ˻ᾪɣϾҶոƽ̫ܼңоʹ˲Ѳǽϵһ
żҡ
棬ҶСֳɳٶ̫ˣֳɳٶȣҲҹżҹв
żʥض˵һ֤׼ۣ½ѹʱǹżһᲽܼҵĺ󳾡Ҫ취
ڼʶҶսܼʥ֮ĺˣҶսͳɳٶ־塣
ܼҲҶһ̽ѣżȹĸףޣܲ
һҶ𣬾ǹżҸ֮գӵе۱ҲûãǹԵ𶦵ơ
޷
ܼ浭˵¶ԣбסȻдˣΪһǣⶫǿԱߵġ
ˡʾ
żʥԣ֪˵ʲô˼
־͹ʵ̫ˣȻͬʱӵе۱̥ҩ٣׼۶ҪĶ
żЦŰɣ˳֮գҶСӶ˿ʼ֮ʱ




2011 ܸ
»ˮ
ԭʥȺɽ
¹£ʯĵĹ㳡ϱǽ壬˺˵ڵϺ˯
¹£ܰһϮʤѩɽȪ䣬㺮һ㡣
ʵҶ͵֮Ѿްһ;ϿߵĸԶ
Ҷߣɰ£
˭Ҳû˵ƻѵõķΧ
գʰϣɽۣӭ˷ȥˣԡ
Ӧȥ㣡
ãܰȴƽ˵

ҶĬȻҲ֪Ľᣬܹ⿪Ľģֻ
ֻǣûãȥԣ磬̫İͰκһֿġ
ҶѾ֪ˡ
ܰȻһЦûй㣬ͬΪ㸶˺ܶ࣬ãһýǡ
ЩӺ˵˵̸Ѿ֪Ҷ֮顣
һʼܲ⣬ҶΪ顣
ծѳ
ͨˣҶȫİ磬涼⣬̸ʲôǿˡ
ʶ飬ҶСʱ򣬸ܴİԼʲôʸʼء
ͨһ֮лȻʣӦȰȰҶȥ飬Ҫ˼ҵһƬ顣
ǣµգԼҶߣ˳ἰ¡
ܰҸ㽲°ɣ
ҶĬƬ̣ڣͯ糿ϻõȫ˵˳û˿
ʱھʣ컺˵Ӱúܳ
ӳ磬ͯ糿ʼ뿪ħգҶƽȴŨŨ顣
ħŮϻãҲ纣Ρ
˵֮Ҷо˶࣬·ѹֵҵһйڡ
ܰ棬ǸеŮҶƽУѹ֡
ʮҶôȹģܹôǿ󣬱
˵ˡ
ܰ͵ҶУбŨŨ飬һе㴽סҶ졣
ҡҡ
͵ĽŴصĴϢɽԭʼ¡
ãܰһ̯һ㣬̱ҶУٵĴϢдϵ㡣
ߺͷйҶ·жеصһ㣬˱þ徧Ө

ܰҶУһָܷܷؿʶĻԲȦһ˵糿üȻûѡ˵ѾˣԺǻãϻöΪ㸶˺ܶ࣬ɲҪǡ
ˣ򸴺󣡡
ҶĽڻУп˵ܰĴȺƽ⣬ǳж
˽ģûһŮԸŮ˹ͬԼİˣܰȴˣܲĿ࿴
ܰ˵ƽ⣬Ҹνأ
ҲҪκεĽֻͣϣƽ£ǶĽˡܰ˵
УܲҪ
Ҷζ״Ľβһ죬ɱڡ

һУ͵Ľ͡ʼˡ
֪˶ãܰģһδεļ۷һ㣬¶ˡˮա
Ҷȣûаƣ̬ϧĿһۻе˶ˡ͡
ˢ
ӰһҶ紩Խռԭʧᱧܰסķ䣬Ὣڴϣһű̺͹˷塣
һӣܰʱ˯ȥ
ܰķҶȥ飬⿪Ľᣬپԭʥصĳʽ
ľ۱ֹǧѰʿǷʮ궼δܺɡ
ȻҶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôֱ˺գɡ
ûΪԭʥصģһŽǴܼڹġ
ŽУͨĴ̨궼Ƕõġ
ϴٹ֮󣬰Ǿ̨ˣͨҲȹˡ
ҶŵУֱѡǰ۱ֱ̨̨֮Ӽһųǰ
һҶֱӽ֮Уգֱľ۱ܲȥ

عϡɽ֮
ǶӣԳûϴںʥأʳ;۱ׯ̾ƬĴϡ
ʳӰ죬۱Ҳųڣ
ĻУûκΪͨҲ彡ٲȫޣ˵ʿˡ
˿̣ƷãҶǿն׼ۣ̤ƽܼң˶㡣
Ӧģ۱ԺҲһǿԮ˵ҶչѾʵˡ
һУҪ鹦飬ҶСʱ㿴Ǳ۱нĻԻͣ
⣬ҶȻ֤һŮ۱ܹĻԻ͡
ܼػ֮Ʒȥ飬ҪһԼϲá
Ȼû뵽ǣȴѡ˱չأκ˶
֪Ϣ֮ƷЦһϣ̾˿
֪ԼŮĽᣬҶӹ罫˴˵һ޴Ĵ
˿̣ѾǷ飬Ȼˡ
СӣҲ֪飬ˡ
Ʒụֱ́ԹҶ£ʱӦһɣ
ɸ޷ǿģҲǸżû취ܲܽҶɣ
Ļ·ʵ䷴Ҳ᲻Ըġ
̫˽ԼŮˣȻ϶ʲôνʵڸȴ
һʱ벻ʲôɵƫƫ޼ƿʩֻһġСӡԹҶ
У鲢δǰƾԶãȻûн㡣

·ڻУʱüʱ΢Ц
ҶʶĵεΣٸни̾Ҳο
뵽˹ͬѪظһĻĻϸֳһĨ죬˵һ̹޳֣컵գ˵ʱѾ
뵽Ҷһδδ漣ѵһǰУĶҪˡ
Ҷһˣ֪顣
ȻҶ֮ȴûеһʱ̲סȻˡ
ңУûλã
Թ԰ˮ߻䣬°ۣ߲ʵĹâٿȻ䣬ʪǰء
Ƕһǰ
룬Ҷһսŭնӡ
ҲǸʱʽȷ˵Ĺϵ½֪
ȻҶعѾ࣬ȴһҲûԼһŷȻ
ڴʱѿҶһɵľ۱ܲ
Ҷʥ
سǵʿɵˣûƾͨĽܲųǡ
ƾſֲҶܿѰڣֱӶ׷ǲͿռ䷨һѾǰ
ֻǰһһΰӰǰȻ˼ĺҶ
һ̣龪ˣ
𾪡桭


2012 
𣿡
Լ۾
Щһֱڵȴϴ档
죬ҶˣǰȻȴˡ
Բ𡭡
ҶӰһڹУԳһ죬ڻС

ҶŵůţҶˣˡ
һɲǣеıԹеˣȫʧˣмҸ
Բ𣡡
Ҷ˫纣飬Ӧõһʱġ
˵ˣ
ָҶߣףֻҪҾͺܿˡ
˵ƽ⣬Ҷжѣ촽ȥ
׹ػ
˿̣κλﶼǶģеĽͣе黰һ֮С
߲ƣ㰵ȣһĪмȻ
ƺһЩʲôšۡζ̼Ҷɶɼ
֪ʲôʱҶĴ뿪㴽˳Ķߣ鶯СߣڴתеĶɫ糺죬ϵĵз͵ĵ
ˡ
ţ룬鲪ֲܷܷ֪Ҷ·ڣ⻬ʵļ·ȼһ㣬ѵ
˲Ů˲
ҶЦţҧס˶飬£ɾϵĶţؿֱ졣
һ̣ȫûŮǿ˵ǿƺ֣һͨŮûκ
Сӡ
ԶһУƷһһ߷ԼУ˲׼Ĺ뷿һǧ֮ڣΥش
۱иƣȻдһԾطУΡ
һҲҶˣûв¸ԼϢ۱֪ˣ˿Ĺ֮С
㻵
˼̱ҶУ˵СϪˮɢ˵ġ㡱
ҶνǴ˵ˣѷȣֽĿɾ̫ˡ
ձȻҶձˣҲòϣ˼ĳνȫ硣
ȻЩ̬Щ£ĳЩַͦʵõģҲоȻҲռҵʱᡣ
˿̣ţСԣյЧﾭЩ㶪ףɾˡ
Ҷͷƿ˶飬ĻһЩϢ֮
ûӦëһ㻬۾ٴ˫Ȳϵļнſټнٷſ
̡
Ҷ촽ƶĺɣʱмܲסˣ͵
࡭Ҷ˵
ɣɣҰɣʶ˵
ף仰ôôаأ
Ҷûж룬»ܿ㵽ΡΡɽ֮䣬̲סһ˫ֱҶͷһɽȥ

ҪߣʱվסˣûҶĻ̱ڵˡ
ҶֲһϣߣὫϣ˫ࡢ󡢴ꡢַ
ʱϵ·㲻ˣ£룬һһ㣬Ťţɢ˵Ϣ
װģҳ԰ɣޣҶ˵
԰ɣ԰ɣ֪Ӳħצ˵·ˡ
ҶɿȥԼ·ǹбָϣɱȻһս
ô󡭡
ָпҶ鲻ɵþУ֪Լܷɣܵ
µͷҪҲˣֻܽŵĵȴҶ
ȻԤϵǣҶûռǼĵĴ̼ϵе㡣
ˮȥûʽʼ㶪ж˺üΡ
ֱʱŸӦһǹߵˡ
ۣ
ʣ볲ˮ𼸵ˮ顣
С
鵹һȴûиоԤеͬ˺ѰʹֻĳʵУ·һֻС֣ӵԼĵطʸвг
ʼҶտʿԦҵ֬ݺ۳ңࡣ
ССĹŨŨĴ⣬˻ƵĽڷлصȼ˵۷Ͷ־
֪ʲôʱ˵ĵλ˱仯ҶƽϣŮʿ񱼣Ǽֵ۷塣
һһΣ¶ɽؽ̩ͺϡ
ıܣԭʼ¡
˺Ȼµʱһ̺͵㺹աˮա
飬ȥԭʥذɣ
ҶϣŮ˵Ķͷһǣ롣
Ҷֱϣƣ룬һȴҶϣëĦŲ
ȥʰɣ૵
Щģ˵ʱΣϾԼǴҶ
ûʲôʵġ
Ҷ˵ξܰģ治֪ô㣬İɣû˻Ϊġ
ܰ˭ʵ
Ľ㡭
Ҷ׻ȥˣȻ˵ˣ԰һжˣպʲô鷳
£渵Լռҽ֮˵һ飬޾ϸûκ
ǸŮӣ
ҶĽҲò̾ܰȹȻͬ졣
һŮˣôܻԼİȥһŮˣ
˽ģһǳ
ҲˣŸܰΪԼİˣܹŮӡ
˺ܶ࣬˵飬Ҷ鵽˼пڵĵط

Ҷһʵ
ҪȻͱҪƾۻ굤ƾۻ굤̡̫
ζҩѵãֱҩ
ڣҩѾˣĲҲռĲˣܵõ飬֮ˡ
Ҷ˽ŵӣ̲סһ̾ȴҲûκֵܳĵط˵˳

һ֮أȻ֮⡣
ʵϣһƯڴеһ½أҪСöࡣ
˵УƮϱλãټѰû֪ء
˵ıԴڵǴӵзѳġ
ֻڸʥصʥǿмﵽʥʵûʸ֪
ݼأ·һƬʱУֻͨںڰǰϦŻ֣֣ǱκѰġ
˵Ǻڰҵףǲ֮ףһ֣ؽս֮С
жѣֻҪһϣҶҪȥԣҶ˾ϡ
Ϊ˾ϧ»ȪȻϣһϣҲҪȫԸȥȡ
ԭʥس֮ȥѰǴ˵еĵҲҪõ顣
Ȼ취Ѱȡںڰҵ֮ǰٵˣҲٵˣ


2013 ԭʥس
պҶ˴Ǳ˾۱ˣصʯ塣
ȻĵӭʽǷǳ¡صġ
Ҳֵ壬󷽣н
ƾ輫ߵ̺͹˵ܿʹӵ˴һƬ
Ǻͳ˸ͶǰڳҶС̵ݣͽˡ
Ȼ֮ܰĹϵҲ޼䣬޻̸ĺýãҶһʯͷ˵ء
һʼĺ˸㲻ùϵϾǶأʥصʥŮݣԸҲѷɫ
ӵˣȻʾѣĺӣϾʵ̫ˣݵλҲơ
鴦ΪԼ룬ûаʲô۱ʥŮļӣеο
ͬʱҲί˼ңϾǲھ۱󲻳ɽүүλãΪ۱Ůʥ
ʯһƬгķΧŨս˵ָ£Щÿ춼пϲĽ
ô˵ԭʥǲ죬˶æµţΪԭʥسʽ׼
ɿɲһ򵥵£ϵİžҶЩץϹ
ڣӾ۱˴רҵ˲ţȼü֮Ծ¼ֹ似ȼƶȵȵȡ
һʥأȼƶҪˡ
ͬʱǴܼѹĸű࣬¼һ顣
һʱ䣬ʯæòɿǺͿȸƦҲҶɳȥ뺯μԭʥصĳʽ
˭Ҳӣ
ƽǿǿɲеޡ
ȸȻһȣôҲϹݺ޵еĿȸĺ
ڰǣǾ͸˵ˣͳ׷һϣλҲҲӣֺοɣĳеĻôĵѪùˡ
ʱۣһתۣԭʥؿɵˡ
һ죬ʯŵƽʣַǷ׷ǰأףԭʥǧԶ
аʾܵóģ˼˵һճɱԭʥسʢ˥
Ȼˣао˴뱲ӵѧ翵׾еóĽۡ
ȻҶȴ׾Ųɡ
Ȼз˴۵ĴڣȻĹŴЩ񻰴˵пȷˣֻǱĿ˶ѡ
ţԼҲܺսʤ֮
ԣĵЩ˵޵ķʸǵĻ룬ȷ£ȷˡ
򣬿Ƽ˷Ľ죬Ϊε˷ѧȴ޷ͻЩ񻰴˵еļأ
ǵĵҶʵæһѣΪǰסһ
ϾԭʥصĶԭʥĵˣն׼ۣЩǶԣǰأʥȻûӭӵĻЩ֮ӡ
ԺԺϲԺԺɮܡׯׯȸϵʥʥҲ׷׸ź񣬹ԭʥصĳ
ʯΧʱЩ˳ױˣɽȻдϢתڵ磬ܸ棬ܸģ⣬ڶ롣
ȻΪ˱ԭʥصĳ⣬Ҷ޺ӭӣӭ
ҶϵӢŰ
һλ뿪Ц˵ҶϵܵĻɽȻдҵ۷
СôҼЦˡҶǫѷ˵
ʲôǱֱʣƴ󣬳׼۾죬롣ǵ˵
Цɣ˹֮۵֮⣬߽Բǡ
ο߻лƽСƦӵİСƦȻ󲿷ּ䶼ʱ򶪵ˣƵ۹⻹еġ
ȴ۵Ĵڣ۹ȻĶȥƦΪѾﵽ¯ĵزοˣ
Ҷ̸ЦӣЩһʥǷ׷п
ʱҶͬһϵͬˣ˵ԴλϣǱҶӾơ
ȻڣҶȴܹһ֮һʥأΪɵʼʥǣȴԾȱǵ֮¡
ǣ˱˵ȻӰ
еĸܵԼҶѾˣӴ˿𣬲ǣǵʥҪҶĿ࿴
Ͼһܹն׼ۣ̫ҵˣʥǵ𾴡
գ
ն
ʯӭΪԻ͵һ졣
һʽĹϴ䣬ĵطĽ㡣
ȫ룬ܶԭû֮еļʥأϴҲ׷ǰЯ񣬱ʾء
ЩˣҶȻ˼ܹǰѾǸԭʥӡ
ʯ屻̫һԣԪ뵣ɾһ㣬ˬë׶ſˡ
ɫյǰҶȻһۣȾһƬԻ͵ϼ⡣
λҪԭʥأӴ˳ϣλ԰ԭʥأܹƬϣѿ׳ɳ
Ҷ˵һͨÿʥس֮Ҫ˵һ滰˽ͷӶһƬޡ
ʣԭʥص˳ģܶѱԼ̬ȣԸԭʥغгദչѺùϵ
Ȼʱ򣬺ҶԸЩʥغͼҧгݣ䣬Ҷڿɵʱ鷳
Ȼǵϣע֣мλ׼򣬼Ҷ嶼û˵ʲôοǣ
ԭʥص°ϣҶȴ˴󲻽⡣
ΪҶԭʥ̫ϳΪаħŮ
ˣ۴δţ֪Ǻηʥ
ҶΪһְ˵ûʲô顣
Ͼ޶ʥΪ˵ڸոճԭʥأǷκһʥأҲ̫ϳϵְλ
ҶˡʯҰ˾ƵΪ䳤ϣΪִϡ
ЩҲûʲôϾ˶֪Щ˺Ҷ֮ϵĪ棬ҶʥأΪ䳤Ҳ֮С
Ǵ̶÷Ϊִϣʵ飬ǳײϣκߺ֮ģǶʹ
ܹĸԸĳΪһʥصִϣҲֻҶʵˡ
Ҷʥ̫ϳϺʹϣǼʶʶ£ڣ˵
ڳʥǳ棬λ̫ϳϾ˭
Ҫ֪ҶѾǿն׼۵ǿˣһʥأʥȻ˵һ̫ϳȴҺ͸ʥȨ
Ƿǳ棬Ǻηʥܹʤԭʥ̫ϳϵְλ
һ̣ϲ˵ĺĶˡ
ǿܹһʥ̫ϳְ֮ģȻǺһ׼ۣҲ߾۷ǿߡ
УҶ̫ϳϣаԼħŮǳ


2014 £״Ԫ
̫ϳϣ
ĸ֣ں̨һ
û뵽Ҷλðڵôߣ
ʵȻԭʥأӵУʵǶˡ
ǸҶЩȣʵʵ̫̫ˡ
һԪڵʿνǱؽǣһʥص̫ϳϣʵЩײࡣ
ЩУͨҶЩǵģѾ˴˽⡣
һ磬šʥءʳ̫ҡĸûǿĵ֧ţ
ν̫ϳϣʵһʥǿȴԲʥ
Ȼ
̫ϳϣʵ䳤϶磬ĸаĵЩ
ʣҪڵΪ̫ϳǴ´࣬Ͼǵ򣬶һŨԪӯ磬ʵΪ̫ϳϣȷЩԷڡ
ʲʲô
ҲЩɵۣսڵΪѣȻڳʥ⸬֮ͻƣҲս񾳺ڣϣЦˡ
Ȼ
µǾٶʣҲֻܵʽ֮Ҷѯʣ̨ܲ
ҶĻѾ˵ȻǧʣҲֻʱһߣ߳ŵǰ
⡭
һֳ̣һƬȻ
˶ˡ
ڳǸ䣬Щǧ꣬ҲʥΪ
߳ˣ꣬ЩϹУСҽԪΪôܣ
ΪҪôҶˣҪôԼˡ
һʥصĳ൱ģ˿
ȻǰľǻԪʿ
ôԭʥص̫ϳϺʹϣ
Щţ̫ϳҲʥ̥ǿ߰ɣ
һʱ䣬յϼžһƬһĻˡ
ΪµǣаħŮ˸ձ
СӣⲻڻϿ
аʱϾаʣʶ㣬ֲĳ£Ծɱֵ÷ǳ򾲣̩ɽǰɫĵķ緶
ϾһεˣһҲˣ費ͥǰ䣬ȥ⣬ƾ棬һʿķ緶
ͲͬˣԵЩִ٣ȻһħŮôʥǿߵע£ԾЩϰߡ
Ͼʥѹ£аǰĵȻ֮
ҶʥȻҲԸϲ£ͣΪʲô̫ϳϺʹְ֮ڵ
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Ϊ˶ܳΪ̫ϳϵĻԭʥص̫ϳֵ̫һˣ
˴ͷҲ׷׿ڣϣҶܹһĽ͡
ϾǿԪΪ̫ϳϺʹϣ̫˼ˣҶһʥ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
һʥأǿʹеĸʲô
ǺĳԱǿĳԱ̫ĻʥǾԲ᳤õġ
λ԰꣡
Ҷ˫鰴ѹҵ֪λѱȻʣҽ͡
ãǾҶʥνͣ
ʵ˵
ǿҶ˾٣ڶϷԪΪϺ̫ϳϣܷڣ
ԭʥֻʵĻʵûҪȡ衣
λ֪ҳǸ磬ԪϡѣܹﵽԪѾΪˡ
Ҷ٩٩̸Ļ˵һ飬Ȼûʲô£ֻ˵һԪƶѡ
ڵ֪Щ֮ЩǻȻ򣬶󲻽пĻ£ܹѾףҪﵽΪǲܵġ
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ֱһƬذ
Ҷ˵аҵĶʦĵ·ԣҲʵλҶУΰģ̫ϳһְʵ飡
ڴϳҵС̣Ҳҵʦ㣬׽ˣҲ±˵ΨףҿΪѾţǿǵʦǰܺʦͬĻΪԭʥص̫ϳϡ
ڣ˭ʣ
Ҷɨһ϶λȻʵ
Т֮Ҳ
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˵ƴ죬Ҳԭʥڲ飬ǰëǮĹϵûУ֮ǰɣҲǺѡ
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ԭʥصδˣǾ͸ˣҶĸ۵ĸǣ
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ֿңԭʥصĻɽ̫ǿû׼ۼǿǿҲҪ޴Ĵۡ
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ȻȻôҲ̫Ľˣͷ
һȺǵ̣һɳؿɺХ磬˭˸ҵ
˵ԭʥûһӹˣĺӣЩĻȻǱʥѡ֡
μԭʥ̫ϳԼϣ
λ˾۽ëǿյģҶ֮ⷬĻ᲻ף׷ͳ˹
ʲô
ȫ±ˣһȺһʥȻԼⲻΰɣ
ѾЩʱˣȻ֪һʥصʥζʲôɵøпǧ
Ҳǿĳ嶯˵ļмһǿҵĳ嶯
£״Ԫ
һֱҶĵӣڿСҶ
˿̵ҶѾɳǵľķ
Լĺӳɳǿ󣬲ԶԶԼĽԺ
֪λ֮ˣȫǿҶϣҶõλ𾴣
ھȪ֮£ҲĿˣȥҶĸˡ
һ̣޺
ҹںս˳棬λһ󾪺
˵ҹڻսսۣһʱ֮壬ĺӡ
ĺӣȻԭʥأǸеۺ졣
мλ׼ĻǺ޲̶ֱ֣ˣĺӣһŵķչŲɹĺô
ҶӵЩǰʱȫˣ۷Ź⣬ô
һ̣г˼ʺɻ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôҶԭʥؿôţ
ѵ˵ҶڵǸ磬ıԴ
ɵĹ粻ɣ
ôôǿʵͯ
һ̣ǼʵĶҪˡ
˱˰
ǷѾĻþֶΣǧѡҲûѡһͯҶԭʥأȴһӼôͯⲻѧ
ʮ꣬ԭʥأؽΪΪҫ۵ʥء
һ̣Ƿ·𿴵δ




2015 
ʽԭʥʽ
Ὺʼˮһڸǰʯϡ
˳Ʒ̸Ц
һЩԭϵͲʥǸǽó׺һЩˣٲȻԭʥصĳһδۻᡣ
ЦǣսϵһЩ˲٣д·ЩǴһ
ʲôȻ˺óԣһλһѹӣʵ
ҶЦãǵͨĹӺòã
˵ˣôãҶûտֶ
ʱ䲻һ̳̳Ʊ㱻ǿҲ⿵˱ǡ
ˮϯʼ㳡žƱյڡ
һĵļӹǿ޵⸬һʳɫһͳʳԵͣκιųеĴա
ʳǸҲԵһѣԵ͡
лڰæ֮гʱ䣬μԭʥصĳʽҶڴллˡ
ҶٱԸǾƣʾл
Ҷʥˣԭʥسʢ£ҵܲ
λȻҲ׷׾ٱһͬʱףԭʥǧͬ٣ͬԡ
ЦҶն׼ۣͷʱϽԭʥؽõĻҶĳɵˣȥѾûˡ
ԣεǶһݺüʶİǶզࡣ
ֵúƽԭʥؽɽıԵҲûκαʾ
Ҳ֮У⶯ֵĻܼصʱͻᶯˣȲڡ
Ҳһдֹ۵ˣ֪յĵ˶ںڰʱпܱʱ廹壬ڶˡ
Ҷʥ֪ʥصʥλɷһ
ǰҶ֣ɲҪʥѩ˰
㷹ЦѯʣҲ壬ҶԭʥصʥӻԺҲ໥չˡ
µҶסˣ⼸æûڵأйȥʥӵ飿
Χ󷽵Цԭʥظոճ黹û죬ʥӻûѡγأøλЦˡ
Ȼžֳѡһ£Ҳǿ۽磡
һȺȵ΢壬ڵһŷ£͡
ʢȴ
Ҷֻýӵӻǵڱһ̭ӡ
ս˾ûˣҶֵܣѡʥԽһ
ǵҲƫˣһ;ϲߵ̫Զ
μʥμλǰ
ǧųһҶλͯͯʱúܶ¶˴ȰЦݡ
ȻЩӿʼݵʱ˶ˣһ˫۷Ź⣬İһƴ
ģҿʲô
̫֮壿
֮壿
̫壿
壿

˷ˣ·ڿ䱦һ㣬Ӳɳ
ǧ̫ͯˣ
Ҫ֪磬һʥҪѰһͯϾˣҶǧӣȻȫǸֺʵͯ
ʣӦĹ似ĻǵĳɳٶǾ˵ġ
ǧͯһóȥᱻͷȥ
һ̣ͷҪҶ飬һͯΪһʥʥŮ
ȻˣҶܴӦЩͯɶӵϾϸѡģԭʥǿĸڣô͸ˣ
˵ˣԸͣЩͯҲϰʥصϾǶͬһģ໥֮Ҳ㽻
Ҷϵܣ̫ˣ
̾˵Ҫǿ𣿡
ҶλֵܣЩжʥζƿ
ʱǲҶľߣʱףڵҶֻˡ
˵ǣǵʥҶʱҪǫ̬ʵ
Щͯǵıݣ²һߺȾһƷЩͯǸԵ֮ԼӦֹŶӦʡ
ҶžƱɫţȻʵѹڳϾᣬ۹ЩϺȻǲ˲١
ЩϺеĵЩͯǵӣʩ̣ڵǡ
°ȻʱͻȻӦϵķһɿֲĲɲ׼۶Ϊ֮Ȼ
ˢ
ϲһվ˫ĹâϷȥƺҪա
ô£
λ׼ҲٿȻϸ߿գ鿴ʲô
ʲô
Ҷλ׷𾪣֪ʲô
䣡
ȵĻƽͻȻһƬ⣬Χһжճޡ
вƿڴ
ͿȸСƦ㱻յȸֻüû˵ʲôɾͲˣŻƽһͨԹ
Ϥĸо
ƽüŬ䣬ȴʼ벻ԼʲôʱӦֲֿϢ
һ̣˵ĿⶼϣڴܹɿֲĲʲôġ
Ŀע£ƽ˫ֱԴһʹӣԴðɫȻȫ롣
ڣһļһȻһ¶˼Ĺâ
뵽ʲôҶʵ
򣡡
ƽɫأ˵ǵʱĲҪˡ
ʲô
ôܣ
˶ˣϢ𾪵Ըӡ
˵еĵȻǰˣôأ
ȻȴţƽԲ˵ΪӰ̫ˡ
󣬼λ׼Ҳ׷׿ڣ˵һЩйصܣĿɿڴ
˵ıԴ֮أɷսˣǴӵġ
˴˵ӽĵط껹֮ǰɷսսͨͨ
Ҳ˵ǰ˼һסɵĺ䱦
֮˵硣ĪһǣصģǲԤףȴ˹ϵġ
Ϊÿһεĳ֣źڰҵĽ٣ǺڰҼʼס
֮⣬ǿϣ˿µĹ֮רſ׼۷
Ψд۲ӲΪѾ֮ϣѾûʲô˵ˡ
׼Ӳɣᱻѹ顣
Ȼ׼֮µȴԽȥܴĽɱ
ǣûоʥʵȥҲֻ·һ˸Σա
ʷϼأεĳ֣д׼֮µʿ룬Ȼܹųȴ޼
ǾʥǿߣҲΣա
˵һƬأ
ۣ֤֮ǰ򣬵õĻԵƽ˵
ʲôԵѯʡ
籾Դ
ƽһһ٣˵õ籾Դߣؿ֤


2016 Ƶ
һ̣ҶڣʥĶˣ
֤
ÿʿƶ˻ǰ̡
籾Դ֤ϣ
û˲õһõؿ֤ΪһǣӾʮء
ͬʱ綼ӦȻĿֲɵĪ
ô£
ʲô
ܶʥǿ߶𾪲ѣֲֿĲǸе־塣
󴫳оԶʥغ̫ңɲĵ̣ʶǵ򼴽ֵס
ô
ǿչ·δôǰˣ
ܶü˼⡣
ѵҶһǣǿչ·δˣ
żʥڴⲽɫѿ˼㡣
ҲһǣҲҲģ
⣬ӹɫ˫߬ţǽڶˣһֻ˷ʨӣֲϢ
ΰҶ֣̤֮ǿչ·ûˣ־ѡ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ƶɵħ߳һȫȻͬ·˿Ҳѳʥ
Ҫϴˢ裬ͳһλᳬԽ㲻á
һϵż滺ĺĳӣʡ
һģ
ٴ߬ȭͷĮ˵

Щ㲻Ҷһǡ
Ƽʥ˫֣üͷ壬վڴǰ
ǿչ·δ׵ǰˣⲻܲõ롣
ϾĿǰΪֹֻҶһ˴ǿչ·ˣ˻֮С
֣ζǿչ·ѾûˣģҶ֮⣬ڶ롣
ҪǣҶ߾ڵʥʵն׼ۣ䶯磬˵սبδС
㲻УҲҪһ
Զһٲ£Хͦɢʥ⣬ˮȫ⣬ûһܹͻʥ
¡¡ˮҲѹסҪҶһˡ
Ƶ龰ʥء̫ҲݣﵽʥΪڻ׼š
֣ǵĻԵץסԵǱпһɳ죬ҫ档

ԭʥأ
ԺԺɮ˵²˳٣λ⣬þ춯

ϲҲ˵֣ӰԶ棬ŵءԴǵǿ߶ӦӶ磬Ե
ΪȻɳߵǿߣȥţԼͽķ
㣬һУͰˣ
ҶٺԭʥصĸԴǸ˵
İɣǵ㿭
󷽣˵棬һҶգ˵
һСģ
ܰҲ߹ҶӵЩβѣ۽硢ʶˡ
ܰ΢죬ݺһţȻȥ貨һ㡣
СǺùʺˣ
һЩʥӰ̲ѣҶŮҲˣȻôһѷŮЩʥԿ
գҶλԼﵽ߾ʥӡʥŮһ𣬴ϲ׼۵Ĵ£Ųȥ

λ϶ˣԣأޱߡ
ѰʿеĻһҲ뵽˰˭Ҳ֪ж
һƬصĺ򣬺ǿ򣬷ʥǿߣںϿɷС
䣡
Ҷ˳ãɽҲ˾ҵĲ
ﵽʥǿڳ۵Ĵ£Ҳˡ
ǺζʲôĻԵܲ᣿
һʱ䣬䶯ˡ
׷׳ǿʥѾﵽʥΪţ
ϲ˵ĳ֣Ӱ첨棬ʵﵽʥǿߣӦβ
Ƶˣ
ǿܶǿ߷׷׾𺳲ѡ
ͨѾֿ֪ԲĲǲƵ򼴽ס
ɹǵǵĴ˵УǲƵǴʧ硣
Ӧѽ
ǿչ·δƵôͳأ
ܶ˲⣬ǵĴ˵УƵǿչ·׽֮Ż֣ȴǰǰ˼⡣
棬ԴȻ࣬Ҳ٣ЩǴмԶʷҪƳ
ʷأÿһεĳ֣ǿչ·֮󣬶ΣȻǰˡ
̲ųɵİغ֤ĻԵÿһγ֣һѪȷᡣ
Ȼû˻ʱսҲΪδһ
ս£ûУǲ¡
ʿ˵Դ̤·Ѿ֮⣬Ψһ׷֤ͳɡ
̣Ŀɹǣ
ƹоԶҺʥط׷׶׼۵Ĵ£ֱ˺գ
ڵȵˣһΪۣɱһеУ
ʥǣۼҵЦѣһӣֱӽʥǿȫУһֱӺȥ
һĻĻڸԴǣŵݣʥǿߣ޲ɹǣԵ
ǿչ·ϣ֮Ҳˡ
ʲô
ǿչ·δȻǰˣѵһдҲɣ
ܶһǿҲ磬֪֣ȷѪ꣬涼ð
Ҫǣһ֮ıǺڰң̤Ĵ
廹û׼ãûдۿѹڰңĶ
ܶ˳ֱ̬ȣûд۵壬ûϣģȥֵɱ
޾µ࣬һҪսˡ
۶ô貵ʹǰĲһ
кξ壿ɱ֮
ҲһЩǿߣţ»֪жֲԲѡ
ô˵Ѿˣ塢塢ǿޣģǾԼʵܵһۣΣˡ
£ǿչ·Ѿû塣
ǿչ·۹ط׷ѡرճţֻһЩǿأ̤ǿչ·ģֻҪʸȥԵȫֱͨͨӴӾͽĹųǺɵɹǡ
һʱ䣬涼䶯ˣղѿ壬Ҳ塢ǿ޵ȵȣﵽʥʵѡ˶
ֻһЩûгʥʿǿչ·
ȻǵѾûбϣҲܽκһųǲǿ淢п
˵ĳǿն˾޴Ӱ졣
һҷɴͨռ涴߿ռԾʵԶɣɹǡ
̫ˣÿһǣвͬķչעģȻҲעؿƼġ
棬貣ЩעؿƼģҲǿʿ˫ޣ˽Ȼ֮ͬ·
һʱ䣬ȫĽ㣡




2017 
ӿϴ죡
Ҷ˺գֱ
ǰһƬããӵ
ֲĹ֮γɿµĳ޷
˶ףǵûԭ
ˢ
ϲһ֣һҽɫĴ˲֣Ưڴ֮ϡ
˽ڴͷĬĬصȴŵʽ
ʱ׷׵ռλãȴŵʽ
һʱ䣬ԭž
ռ䲻ѿһӶ߳ڴϿһҹŴ
ĵ̣һҹŴʲôؼǴ˴˶ʥϣӸ׼ۼʵݣ𾪡
ˣ
һ󲨶ѿ׼۳ʮǿߺն
ˢ
âһһɫŴڲԵĺϣ۵һǿ߽ڹŴ֮ϡ
ϴҾ֪
ɫŴϴһ
Ŀ֮£һͷ˫ǵСӾϲĴӹŴڿնҶߵĴ󴬷
ҶҲһ󼤶û뵽иľȻСܣţħţ
ںҶֿ֮㲻ϵѳɳΪһ֡
Ű񹦣ݺ޵УбǿĶ֣Ҳİǰ޲ߡ
´ķ
ˮ֮䶼ǳԵÿټ˾˰չˣԽǿ
Ӻ̱ɱţħҲڰͷΪصĶ
γ۱ǰεܹն
ȻҲ벻صţȻҶǾʶ
޷ܵǣţȻƺҶΪϴ󣬲ƵѪ
ϴ治ȥսȻСܣ㻹òҵСˣţζŴԴҶ˵
һ˲䣬˶ʯˣ
ʲô
ҶȻţϴ
Щ԰
˶ˣҶ֮䲻Ӧˮʲôʱ˸Сܣ
𾪣۵ǿޱȡ
ԼصţȻҶСܣǵĶţ
ǿϲһЦݣйð
ʲô£
һ̣Ǻ޲ýţקһ١
ˣ̫ˣ

ʱţƬԽԽࡣ
һ澰Ƭԭ˼ĺ򣬴˿ȴӰ´£һߡ
ˣ
һ󲨶ż潵٣ֲĵø˷׷׶ܣΪÿλá
ĿҶһۣŨŨĵ⡣
ԴˣҶȻӦȴ˿û⡣
°ܽΪǡ
ҶһΪı飬ɺ޵
ȻҲ֪ڲǶֵʱ
ǣ˵ģЩػή١
һ򳹵׳ؽһѪȷս֪ж˻ڴˣΪ˵̤ʯ
Щĥ£ƶԸҲûо԰գ׳֡
䣡
ٴ飬ǿ߽٣
һҹŴ߲µĲɣһʥĹű
ŴӰ㿣ÿ˶ɢʥ˵Ϣǿޱȡ
һЩǿƵģӵ׼۾ǿߣ˾㤡
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սѹնչ죬һ֣ۡǡ
ʥǣۼҽ٣ۼԴӣǿޱȣֱһЩû׼ļʥسȥҪǿѹֱ
̫ǿˣ
ܶ˶ޣȴŭԣֻޱȱ˿Ϊÿ·
û취û׼ֻܱԵ
λ׼ͬʱ٣ɢ׼ѹúܶ˸еʡ
ͬʱƹǿൽˣͬ׼ռһ
Ϸƽ˾˶˽̸йص顣
飬ſǿ֣߳ԭ
ˢ
һһҳɵķɴͨռ涴ɵˣս˸ĺ⡣
ͬޣ
ܶʿûмְʵʵս׷׺棬Ϊʲô
ɴеҲͣû¶棬ôبڿУĵȴŵĳ
ʱ佥ţԽԽ࣬ܶԭǿչ·ǿҲͨͨ˻
Բ졢ɡСʣλ콾˻
Ҷ׷¶ǿҵս⡣
ͬЩҶйԹ϶ĸҲ׷¶Ũҵĵս⡣
Щ˵ĵս⣬Ҷ벻⣬̸Ц˿ûнǷ
˵ˣ˾
һ˴ƮƮղ
żŮƺ˸⹧
òͨͨȴΪ֮ݡ
˺ã
֮׼ۼǿ߶Ϊ·Գͨ棬˴к̬
ȻòȴֻǵһͷԸģЩֵβѡ
ȴû˸Ĵ治λ˿ɲʲô֮
˵ΪֶΣ˸֮ƥС
ˣǸҲֻܹţܵ֪ʲôʱֶͽԼˡ
˲δֱǰأҶڵĹŴȥ˲졣
Ҳûж룬ϾҹŴϲҶλ׼ۣ˵ľʶҲ˵
ûˣ˼棬һҲӦõġ
˼ĿҶڵĹŴϣֿˣֱҶȥ
ʲô
˶ˣôܺҶʶ
˵ģ˳ʱҶĸ׻ûгأôн
һ̣˶ɵˡ
ҶҲˣû뵽λ˾Ȼ
Ҷɣ
˴΢ЦҶʵһ˫̺ǳ˸ǵĹâ
֪ǰкμ̣Ҷƽ˵
Ǻǣ
ЦȻӢ۳꣬뵱꣬ôʱһ޳ء
˵Ҷɵü֪λ˳ԴʲôҩôкȴԼкʲô˼
Ҷüͷ΢ûʲôĿĵĻǻЩǳô˻Ὣ͹ֳΪ޵ĻǿɾĿˡ
룡
ƺܹ㵽Ҷһ㣬΢Ц˵Ҳû⣬ֻ뿴ʮ˳ǵõԵն׼۵˾ʲôѡ
˭ҲȻҶкڳźһʥ׷Ľʺޡ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôҶܵõ˵ԼЩȴ˼ҵƨɣ˼һġ
һ̣˺޵ȴв˵ʲôֻܰ
ʣǾԲǵġ
ƾЩҪһиһǵҲС
һ̣ܶ˿ҶжĽʺޣ


2018 һδ
ҹ
һȽȽһƬԡ
¹£ԣߣ˸
ü³εĳʱ䶼Ҫ磬бܿܽԤʾźڰҽǰһһЩ֮ıʷ
˲֮Ҳ
˵Ļܶ˶˳˼֮С
ʣ㾡£ܹһ˿Աе
һڰǰǽѣ壬鶼ӽ
ǰͣΪ²һδ׼ۼǿ߹֣˳֣ˡ
üֲУй¶Ǵġ
һЩҲܴؽӦ٣ǣɢ
ȻΪ²ȻȻĴӦ׼ݲˡ
䣡
Ļ䣬ؼһһ޴Ѫɫ׵ڴУΡ
һֹ˵
Ȼȴֻ΢΢һЦ˫ָۣвϵݣԽԽ졣
꣡
һը죬Χͣ·ֹ
Ȼµ⣬·֮һ㣬ûаϢй¶
ֽŵУҶˣֱӶֳһʶ٣Զ
ˣ˵ڿţ̶һӣ·һ㡣
ۡ
͵һѪֹͣܣ˿ȻѾ˵˱Դ
ҿһδ
˲ΡΡ˵ϲԻиڿУڿٿήʱп御
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˶ЩŮűȫУʡ
ʲôҲҪ˵ⶼ
˷·عⷵһ㣬ɫҲĵһ̫ĽɣȻؿƿջͲסį˴ѡ
˴ȰĿһ۹ǰļŮŵ֮ǿȥԭʥҲҪˡ
µ˼ЩŮǸʹʧ
ǴСģɴڲ֮ҵʦ˵ĸ
˴˻һڣֳٴһƬȻ
˶ˣ
޷޲ƽΪҶ˵й֮ء
˭֪⼸ܹ˿УشΪ²㣬κһᱻ
Ȼǰȴȥԭʥⲻǰ˿ҶѵҶֵй²ɣ
йѱϣǣңǿ͸һУա
ˣǴ
ѿ񷣬޾ܣһվҪˣһС
û˴ߴ٣ֳһƬžѻȸ
˶ھصȴţ˽ʾ㵽δ
ʬǳɽѪɺ
ѷʯϿջ졣
εĺڰұκһζӿֲبδУʷǿĺڰң涼⵽嶼룬һ⡣
꣡
˵ٴγ֣֮ǰңѪɫ׵ɽ룬䣬ҪĻй¶
䣡
ʱϲߡɮܡۡħλ׼һ֣٣ѻ˵ꡣ
ҶҲ˵ٵУƾһ˿һ٣֮Ρ
˲Цһ÷ˣ˵ҶѾ˵ˣҵĽҪҲ۽
˵գǿվһܣг˶Ŀ;
㿴ҲЩ֮顣
һΣ涼пҪˣܻģڲһϣ
˵꣬˳׷ſˣӭ٣һѪĽ˷ɻңɢξ
һĻ˶ݡ
˽Լ׸飬ΰ󣬲ڴۡ
˶ļŮ棬ʹ
ڰ˳䣡
ҶǰοүʵʣҲ̫˱ˣүӾȪ֮ܰġ
ҶʥԺǾԭʥصˣϣչˡΪ׵ֹס˱Ҷ˵
λģֻҪҶһ;κ˺ǡҶĵ
⼸Ů˵洫㾡£ˣȻӦúúñ
õҶı֤֮󣬼ŻɥʦıʹվҶһĴϣϲ˸𱣻ǵİȫ
һĻû˵ע⡣
˶ǰǼ仰Уþòƽ
˲׼ȷĻôδĿһƬ
ڰһڳ֪ж˻ܹ
ɡ
˻˵Ļľʱһ˻˵˼
ѭȥֻ޾Ĵһǣһƥ̤
˾ǣϾȻһˣһϮ¹£ɢʥ⡣
ʣһʥǿߣƷǳǿʢʢѪڣ羪ס
Ҳ֣ѩףһëûУһɶ߳˫飬쳣
˵˴ר겻ܳһƥ
˾Ȼһƥר˸ߵĶȻ̣Ҫߵˡ
ò˵һƥȷܶסˣӵˣôܵõִר
ʱ䣬һ˵Ŀ⣬һЩ׼۶۲ѡ
ȻȴûһаΪǾʥǿߣֻһһԾ֤׼ۡ
ΪǣߣȻһλڶص׼ۣǾһ
һλ׼ǣ׹룬ųҲû˭ˡ
ڳû˭ų
˭
һ̣Ժжðʣܹ׼ǣ׹ģҲûС
Ǻ棬Ҳûĸǵǿ׼ʹӵġ
Ҫ֪ûд۵ʱ׼۾ǿĴʣ˭ū׼ۣǲҪˡ
ȻߵӣƺĸԸģ͸˲ˡ
հĶ˭ѽǴֵ˵
ڵһʱ䣬ûѧᣬǽϵһЩٵѧ˸ͨ
˿̣ɧӣⲻˬ֪Էǣ˵
Ҫ£
Ҷһƣ죬ΪҲ˵Ĳǣǿߡ
Ҷѵһ٣㬵ıͣеĲмԶ׼ġ
ϵ˷ǳư˵Ŀ⣬⣬ͦñֱһױɢϢ
׼ۣҲ˿ûзȺΧֱײߣһŸɱ
ٿȻϵ۾һĿ䵽˻ƽͿȸϡ
û뵽ճֻޣ첮ȥǣүˣү
ϵĿһУֱӷԸǣߣûƽͿȸ˳


2019 Խ
һ˲䣬ȫžȻ
˭ѽô񣿡
ڳ׼⣬еʡ
ʣͷԲСܹ׼ǣ׹룬بźС
һŴרݡ
Ȼ
ҶҲǳصģ
ǰն׼ۣ̫ңһսƽһоԶʥص̫ңνͷ
棬˭֪ƽͿȸҶ׷ߣ
˾ȻҶ׷ߣⲻҶĲô
භһˣ
ֻǿûߵ˳Ա񣬻Ҷùϲּġ
׼˼µ˵ɵȻ
ģһң漰̫ˡ
ˢ
˾ȵʱǣӰһһҶǰɢſֲ׼ѹ
ֱҶҶӹ䵽ƦͿȸϡ
Ҽˣңٹ˳
ʲô⣿Ǿ͵ù˳ƽһм˵
ʲôЦ˭
ΰĻƽҲǿɲеޣū۵ģ

ȥɣ
Ҷû˵ˡ
ȸǲм˵ֱӽǣˡ

ǣɫһͳ仰͸óۣңҲ⣡
ϲģĸģô񣿡ǴչһϷʵ˵
ɽǣ߰Ȼ˵
һ仰ȫž
ɽ
ɽ
֮һĶɽ
һ̣˶ɵˣ
׼Ҳ⣬ȫϢˡ
˳̫ˣ
磬ÿһһֱǶɽֻغɽԭʼſȡ
Щ񲻶ɣǿĴʡ
˭Ҳû뵽һһپȻ֮һɽ
ͷȷˣѹ˿
һ𾪵ı飬ǣһ򶨣һ԰Цݡ
Ҽɽ֮ӣؿ֤ﲢԿ
𽥴лعǣڴ˿ڣ߸ϣɽԴ񣬸ĵرӦоУպҼ֤ɵۣҲ١ԴǻԻ͵Ĳഫ˵Ҳһʷ
ޣ
ǣ߼˵ȥƽ㷢ˣֱһŨ̵һĵүҳɵ۵ʱڶûأȻҵӱɵ˰ɣ
һһۣ֮λѱԤʲôҲҸ棿ȸĮ˵
ҿֱӸɵһһ٣շҶСӴЦ
иⲻˬ˺϶̫û۹⣬ҶҲĴڡ
Ȼޣȴ׷ߣһҲ޲һһپȻû۹⣬ۡ
˼
СƦӺͿȸǰһаⲻ
Ҷ׷ߣҲѣսѣﲻʣͷǴרҶҲûûݡ
ߣ
޵ĶԻϵɫޱ䣬ŭһ
Ҳ΢΢üЩ֣Լ˳
޼ֱǴ̶ͷܲշ
Χ˵УѾ֪ȸͻƽǰ˵׷ߡ
ǣ߿ҶĮĵˣֻҪԸͷ͸ҼүɽԵڰұɽɱһƽ㻹ѡǶɽΪɽһԱΣ
ȻܿҲջ󣬵ȴβסĸ߰ǿơ
ҲøҲøûѡȨ
Ҿϰ׵Ľ鲻ԿǰҶʡ
㡭˵ʲô
ϵ˱ŭ䣬ɭɭĵ첮ɫ
ǣ
ǣǫӦһһҶƽɢɱ⣬һʵֱָҶ
䣡
Ҷǰ㣬ƴԱ˿׼ѹ
׼ۣѾǳоˡ
飡
ʱϲһҶǰɫȻҲ֪һɽΪλѡʱǼȻˣ磬ӦĹأ򼴱ɽ֮Ҳǡ
ٺ١
ǣЦһ߸ϵ̬ϲˣ磿Ҽˣ˴κڰҿʷǿʱѡ׷ҼˣдϣעҪΪеѪʳ
Ȼˣн֮Ʋ⣬˵һĺڰҽޱȲңǰľ
ҵǷΪѪʳ˵˲㣬ҲԺ顣ڣǼȻ磬ҪĹأϲǿӲ̬˿á
㡭
ǣ˴Ϊջɫޱȡ
Ȼ
ȴóȻ֣Ͼڳ׼̫ˣһǿ涯Ƕ֡
ԭΪɽӲƣ˳շޣڿûô򵥡
ϲһҲǰϲγǰлʽ
ţ
ҲǰǣȻľ
ôλ׼ۣһ˳ֱԽУһ֣
м֮ûУֱӾͻᱻɱ
ʲôǣɫ˵
ʲô֪磬ҪѭĹءϲ˵
ã
˴˿̣ǣҲٳǿɱ⣬˻صߡ
԰꣬ͷޣСţ˳֮ա˵
ţ
˵ͷ
Ϊ֮ӵȻŰ裬Ҳ֪úǰĵ˿ִ̣ǣ߽ѵҶڷŭ
Сӣͷˣҽֵʱˡˣɳе
ȻѵҶɽˣ˿һĿǶҶ˵
ߣ
Ҷüͷһһ絶Ҫǰ֮һѵ
Ȼ
ʱϲֹܴ
Ҫ
ϲҶ˵֮ʵɲ⣬ȴۣҼ令̣к֣ɱ֤ӵİȫڶ֣ͽȻԱ
񣬽֮δʵľûᣬһʱƽ˾һգҪȡʱ䣬ŬԼʵǺͱһʱ̣֮𣿡
ҶĬȻˣ֪ϲ˵Ϊ롣
աҶѡ̣һжȵ򳹵׳֮˽ᡣ
֮ӾԲŹĻԵ籾Դ־ڱصá֮䣬һս
ĸҵĺˣ
ڴʱɽ֮ٴοڣдżֺ⡣


2020 ԩԩ౨
ĸҵĺˣ
ɽ֮ӵϿ𣬾þûص
֮Ϊѯң
ɽ͵ʲô𣿡
˶ˣû뵽֦֮ӾȻѯʵҡ
Һʲô𣿡ʥʵ
Һˣ
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ʲô˼
ʥջ𣬺ʵ
ûʲô˼
֮Į˵꣬Ҹϧھۣʧȥ֤ĻᣬѻضӣأӡԼҼȻȻһȻȻ۵ĺ˾жǿ
ĻŻȻԭɽ֮ҾȻôһιڡ
ͬʱҲµɽ֮ʵݡ
ǡ죡
̫ʱ쾪žޣӹŽͬļλ֮Ҫǿһʱ
ʾһռսʮλ֣Ѫս£Ʊ
ʱΪͬĴۣؿ֤
ȻܿϧǣǸʱһۣͬľžޡڹǳΪǸʱΪҫ۵ǡ
콾ÿʱֻһӣͬһȻһ磬ɴ˶۷Ծʷᡣ
̫ʱһ貵ĴƼʻᣬͬ
ȻԽʢԽпᣬҪ֤ıȵ컹ѣһ֮ս콾
ͬʱɨʱղɱҪһս˴һ·ս׼ۣҲ֪ս˶ٴΣÿһսƾ
˵ǾһǿĶ֣νС
գ׼۾۷һսУ۱ˣԾ޵֮ˣѹ죬Ц
һ޴ͣ׼۾ؿϣʣûǰ°벽
һ˸ȴȻճϧ
дؽˣ֤֮󣬲δ㣬ضӣء
ȻˣνĽأھ˵ЦѣֻҪƽʱƽ
۴ʣѹڰңѣ谵
ѻԴҺԼӡģֻҪ۵Ӱ컹ڣ
ţԼĺҲӡһϣԼδҵ֤ɵۡ
Ҫǣ·һϣԼĶܹ̤·֤ɡ
أڹžĴ۶ȥˣȴԴҺķӡһ
ȻˣҲ̫ǿйأۣ֮ÿһǾžޣھŽһʱǡ
֤֮󣬴۱㳹˵ķ룬ڽ£䣬Ѿûʲôܹӡǡ
ΨҩôһԪҩҲֻһΣڶξЧˡ
Ϊ۵̫ǿˣ˵ľһʱˡ
ҲҺˣ
˳ڻ֮еʱ򣬹żʥڣָҶ
̫޳ˣ
ôأ
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һȻ׷ۣùżʥн赶ɱ̫޳ܣʥݣżҵ͵λ
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Ժ󣬻˭ǵô£
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ԣôȫȷģ٣ˡ
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ҶҲüͷһһ˿ɭɱ
ż𣬼ǵ壬ıҲ
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û뵽ôɣСӣȻȻעͷޣΣ֮һ㶣漴̵ЦˣǰҶս
ʲôսҶⲻŰ
˸죬֮ӵֵֹġ
ʲôЦҶܹն׼۵Ĵڣ֮Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳ߾۷ľʥѣҶǰͲ
֮нӲӲĿɽѹ˻ԣҶʵֱ
ۿԼļıóѣżʥĵЦˣʵֻ
֮ҶӮҶùˡ
ȻҲָܹ֮սʤҶǲʵġ
ȻֻҪ˶֣۽ܻ֮ǱɱҶ׵˶ɽ⴦
커̵Ը񣬾Իǰ֣ɱҶ
ǶƣıҶ
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վ´һ½֮ӣ·ǵгһ㣬޼ɵĿý֮Щ΢㳡
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ǺãȻǶԼ˫Ӧóȼ۵ĶעУҪĵޣôĶעʲô
ûжע
֮ӵ˵ΪҲ䣡
У
˽֮ӿĻ̲סƲ죬֪ҶѮǰնһλ׼۵Ļûôˡ
Ȼˣû˻Ὣ仰˵
Ϊܶ˶ˬԸͷ
֮ʲô˲ģûн֮ĻƨҲǣڳ˶ս
ɣˣǣĹһҶūţôƽһת˵
СƦҲһӻˮ쳹ڳ˶
ۡ
ںˮֱ˶һһæǸ
֮Ե޹ʵϴ˸裬һǻǽһȡ

֮ӱŭ۵ɱ֣ɱ⡣
˶֪ҪˣҲԣϷˣҪǲŭŽйˡ
ǣüͷȴδŽ֮ӿԺɨͬ޵֡
һУû˵Ͳ֮ݡ
ȻϷʵĿȥȴһ˿Ŀ⣬ֻǳĿ⡣
ѵ߾ڵôš
֮ӵĲԡʶ˵ھŽͬʱ˶Ҫʤһ
һ˸ۣ֮ϧܣһ޴
һٳһˣ
ңţͬʱľۣҲĶ֡
һؽ֤˿ɵ
˵ĿУ֮һҶȥҪԾƣѹҶ˳
ǧɡ˰ɡɡ
֮ӻʥ⣬һһ㣬޵С
ϣ
һжһ˺ǹ˸ɱʮ
Ҷ벻⣬ǹûóվ˿ûн֮ӷ
׼֮£ѾûʲôȤˣǽ֮Ҳһ
¡¡
ڽ֮Ӽֵһɲǣ䣡


2021 
ͻıʣ˵ע
֮Ҳͣתֵĵȥ
֮ڼƺʱʧ
˶֪Ҫˡ
һ̣Ҳû˹עҶͽ֮ӣ˵עĵ
䣡
һ죬ʧ֮Ҳʧˣǰһ嫵Ĵ򣬱鲼çɽ֣Գ仢Х޺һɺľ
ಣ
һӰ紩Խռһ㣬һȥ
ʥǣۼ棡
˳Ծû뵽λ׼ִ֮Ҫһ֤ĻԵ
ˣ
֮һ縡֣ؼǿɱ⣬ֱۼɱȥ
𣡡
ۼһ뷢ţɢǿ׼ϢʩչԿ֮Ľɱƶȥ
䣡
֮ˣ·һְֻ֮ң
飡
ۼƤһֱӱ˳Ѫ߰ߣԴѣ֮Ϩ
˻
һĻЩ׼ǵһ
ǿĵۼ涼޷룬֮شЩ䣬ȥ³ȵۼá
ĽԾ޷ƣ׼޷룬Ե˵ġ
һ̣׼жЩʧ䣬Ͼǲӽۣܹ򣬻ƾ籾Դһλ
Ȼڣֻ֤֮̾ĻԵǵġ
׼̾ϢһЩһʥҲ̾Ϣ
һǳĴڰʱпܱʱ䲻ˡ
廹壬κһ壬ֻҪһ֤ܿɾʹλѹڰңһȶ滷
ֻܽϣЩˡ
ֻǣʱңǵʱĲˣܾ֤һΣˡ
˿̽һδľһƬѪţ㡣
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㣡
ĿҶһۣɢǿս⣬һһɹ⣬ûçɽ֮С
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ԲгҰԣʥ⣬ವһ˵ʧ
ԶСζĿҶһۣʲôҲû˵еսȴβסġ
Ӱһֱʩչ٣ƿռ䣬
˶֪һ׷ҶĻᣬΣǽҲûлˡ
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ȻǱȴˣλ׼ۺ;ʥǴΪ𣬶Ǵߡ
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ԽԽ˽ԭĵ򽥽ɧʱ޵˻ƺͽĸǿ߶ˡ
䣡
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⣬ȻԼӳǰ֤ĻԵ϶ȫ׼ǧҪģ֮ӺпҲк׼һսʵϲǧ·ڵŮһ㡣
Ҷͷһů֪ϲ˲䷳ĶΪá
ûνĽ֮ӷʥ׼۶ɱҪ˵ʲôʥˡ
ʵҵǲģΨһĵľǣһ֣޷֡ϲ˵
ΪʲôҪ֣ҶŴƣѵ֪ʲôۣ
㻹̫ᰡ
ϲ֮̾켫令̣㽫ɱưոݣ
ԣʵ޷Ļ飬½֮ӵպ󱻱
ϲ˵ܹضӣԳɽģǿȴ۵ľž޵ǿߣһûд۵Ժɨ棬ݺ޵УĶ֣ܲǣҪǣ𣿡
ҶͷΪȻϲ˵ûͼһʱ֮죬նɱ֮ӣһߣպȻɽ֮Ҳռ֡
գϲĿ£ҶޣݵĽ˵С
ˣ
âһҶо·𴩹һˮĻ̤ʵأ˵Ĵϡ
໺𡭡
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ˣ
һƬӹڵͶһƬӰ
ϸһȻһͷݣСɽС˫һչա
йѪݣѪ֮Ļܹȸ˫
ͬΪ࣬ȻзȨ֪֮
ƽ費һԲƺԹ֮ɫҶ졣
ǰΪ󣬹֮Ŀǣ˵УƽȻޣϾӵйѪݣȻˬ
ҶȻû뵽ƽСƦӻµİ


2022 ɳ
Ԫ뵣
ɽڴϵľѲ
죬ٱأ
һƬ磬Σ
ڻƽɢϢ£޶ԶԶܿˡ
գһϿȣԸ϶룬ʯأٲֱ¡
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һʥ
޵ƣԺȱ꣬ӵҲ
㣿Ļˡ
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Ľߣʲô˼߳ŭ˵
ʱҶͿȸƬ֮С
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ڵ֮УҶƺΪһ壬ܹİյÿһ˿ɶ·Ϊأ
ڴʱĸӦңԶʣһֵϢǿʥ
֮⣬ҶܸӦϿгŸϢеǿеСһݣһٵϢĸ֪
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ɱ

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ͨϿȴ˷ʱ䣬ͨʶĸӦѰɳڵλãֱӷɹȥʡ¡
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飡
ûɶԶһͷײεĽϣײͷۻĵͨһˤ˸еأһࡣ
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˵䣬Ҷһǰɫһ䣬·һռһ㣬ŲҵѪ
ϿȼˣѪԶмͷʥڿʳʬ壬Ҷ໡һʬ壬

Ҷһַʥֱӽķɳȥ
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Ҷǿ޲ҽһڵϴ˸֮ززˡ
Ҷȣͷ޹Ȼǿ󣬸ղȻ⣬ʵȴ߳ȻûܽǵС
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һ·ϣҶ˲ǿޣ˺ܶʬ壬ЩԸʥ
Щʥͳһʥػ߼壬۾һȴ
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ڻƽͿȸɢϢ£ûһͷ޸óȻǣ׷Ϊÿһ·ǿһ·ͨͨ
Ҷ֣ʵʵ̫ǿˣܶ඼ӵйŴѪĺ֣ʵ߾ϣЩɱ߾۷塣
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ȻȴüģԽˣֻһС͸˫ݣƺĿ
ˣһͨܶʥǿ߶Ͽ֮С
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ҶϿһ·ǰУȻûһͷ޸͵ϮȫԶԶĿȥ
ƽͿȸͷȻɢѹλ߶λԴѪеѹս
Ͽе̫ˣÿһǳǿԶԾʥǿ߹в
ȻҶ֮ȫ˱ܣΪÿ·òԡѪƴɱʿ𾪲ѡ
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Ҷȴͬɽˮһ޴ҡڵĴϿм䴩У޷׷ױˣ
޵Ϣ޵Ϣ
ʿĿһĻ֮󣬶ҶߵĿȸͻƽɢϢϿеޣǲð
ͬʱҶѪǿʢʵɲ⣬ЩҲԸǣһĻ澰
һʱ䣬ЩʿǷ׷Ľʺޣ޲øҶѰӻ
˵ܹ߳ϿȣѾʤˣָܹնɱޡ
ҪǣϿеƺɱ֮糱ˮӿ̣˭ܵס
ʧˣ
˺ڵĳӶˡ
˴˿̣ǲףͲΪ׼ģΪɡԲ졢Ҷľǿʥ׼ġ
ңϿУƺǿƱʥһԻٵϿȡ
ȻսڣϿ𣬼ЩСĴݻ٣ҲûʲôӰ졣
ʵѹƵĺʥǿߣɵƻһʿ
Ҷһһ·ǰУһįıӰúܶĿɿڴ
ʲô
ܶ˶ױˣƴƴԡѪҶȴͨ裬ûһͷ
ͬߣҲ̫˰ɣ


2023 ͨ
Ͽȣ׹ǱأʬҰѪɣ
ɱ⣬Ѫ뱩Ű
߾ڵʥＸ粽С
ΪϿе޴඼Ǻ֣ʵ߾ϡ
ȻҶȴһ·ͨòʥĿ࣬ĽӶˡ
һ̣Ҳ˱ˣ˵ĸп
ҶһĽĿпٴУһ
Ͽкɱ죬ʥңâ죬似ɱﵽ˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ڣû֣Ϊ˻ͨϿȣÿ˶ˮ׼ķӳǿս
飡
һͷƱܵһƽһʥ飬ķѣҵľ󾪵øһЩ޶ˡ
໡
ͷһ㣬˫צأ޹İĳץһȿʳѪ˳ǵ䣬쳣ֲ
꣡
â죬һʥֳʥһͷӥӿն䣬ѪëƮ
һĻĻֻϿŨһǣҵĴս廹壬ռơ
Ҷ޿ǰУܿ㳬Խ˺ܶˣǰͻȻһħӰͷ𶦣ʱһâһͷ޶ɸӡ
ǹɣʲôʱôǿˣǳԾ˵
Թɲİ֪ΰҶ֣֮ѹƵģ־ˡ
Ȼ
˿̣ڵӣ˹ƺָֻ޵е֮ģֱ˼顣
ţ
ҶҲ⣬óѾȫԼ׹ħȴһ㣬ǿˡ
飡
飡
飡

Ҷûκαʾɫž޵Уһ·ɱи·ߣȫɱû˿⡣
Ҷ˹һۣǰУûͣ
ǰԶɡԲСʣɧͷչֳǿʵ߾ڵޣҲ֧ʮغϱ㱻ɱ
һʥɱķָûһͷֵܵ
ԲСҲչɱ޲ҽѪŽڵ㡣
ҶеǣţȹߵøԶڼһʥı£ѳɱǰС
ѪЩй֮ͬѪϣࡣ
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Ҳ˺ǿһЩǿ޲ˣ˫ѣ޹⡣
ţչֳ񹦵֮ܵػʼղ˲һţƤһ㣬ô˺Ȼ
һ
ҶԾԼСԴ湦࣬òͦʵõġ
ȥţĶܰѶֺ
ϴ󣬴װƴҷɰ
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˺۵һʥʱڣһֱӽק˻ȥ
Ǹʲô
ţƴϴ磿սֱӾͨ±ء
ڣܱܲٸ嶪ˣв
ţħ峤

գǻĿҶ߾ʥסţһ͸Ҷˣʱ汻ˡ
ʱʥ޵Ӻ˫˫䣬ֵһСţӇNɪ
ǰвʮҶ㿴֮ںһʥɱ޵ʬһأȫһʵ֮ǿ
ţ
ҶȻ׷֮Щ⣬ǲá
߰УһֱΪԼǿģؿɵһͨϿȡ
ʵҲȷʵˣҶȷпܵһͨϿȣ˦
ȻҶͲսһ·ͨ裬ȻǿҲһ㡣
꣡
ܵҶĴ̼֮󷢣ӡһĵâԼõ롣
ķҲһЩˣ·Һʴһ룬߹ˡ
벻⣬ֱӻһ·ǰС
ʵϣڴ˺ҶжԼϰܸ۵ĳ𣬵Ҳ֪籾ԴҪģҶд裬ʲôʱ򶼿ԣֻҪõ籾ԴʱŰҶ
簡ͷޣó֣׷
֮бҶһۣҪҵĻұͷޣȡ籾Դ֮󣬱գ⣬ʱһ̽ˣ
ûᣬҶֱӴޣҡڵشӽ֮ǰ߹ʼҲûп֮һۡ

֮Ӵŭһһȭ޻ϵĸо˼ҸͲûнɶ֡
һĸĽ֮˵ǶĴ˼Ҹûн̲ˣһԽмǿĽ֮Կ
ϿȳǸͱڣܲŽƣ޷գֻһ߹ȥ
ʥǿ߶βϿ֮УΪ޹Ѫʳ
Ҷ˵Ͽɽˮһ㣬ͨû˿
ԶԶأҶ㿴ϿȵľͷһƬãã
Ƭǰһ޴ĹţԿ֮һƬ͵
ҶԥֱӴͨ˹ţ·Խռһ㣬һõ
Ͽȣʿ˵ڵ
֮ǰȴһľïʢﻨ㣬Ҳûޡ
ʮǰ龰ٱ䣬˴ƬмİݺᣬȮţżɼ͵ũٲȻһԴ԰⡣
İľͷһΡǰεض𣬳ǽߴʵµĲɣ
԰⣡
Ǿ̾
ҶΪȻЩһֱսɱжȹʱƬ̡
һİŵ㣬һ·ųȥ
񵭡ֹˮ
Ҷ޶û˵ѵõľУԸܵĵΡ
񾲵ľнʱ򣬲֪Ѿİľͷ
ԶųǽΡ룬ܸܵ𺳣ǽ߲̦ɽ
ŸǸߴΰͭϲͭ⣬ͭϱ鲼ŽɫŶоʮŸǳһ㡣
˿̣Žգͷʿأֳս꣬ҫ⺮ɱ֮
ţүţ
ƽΣŵĽš
˵֮󣬳ŲŻῪͷϣسǵʿ˵
ٲţүҿҪȥˣ
ƽԱ񣬲ɵ߳ŭֳƽﵣҪš
ɳǽֹ˽Υ߸ɱۣ
ͷϣܶʿɱ




2024 һԪһλ
קƨ
ƦǲˬɳǵҲ̫Ե˰ɣ
ǺͿȸҲһջ
˶ˣȻţǾ֮⡣
԰꣬ǵĹ涨
Ҷ޷쭣³ѣȻǹأǾͰչһҲ¡
ɲΪһʱ磬ε֮гֲ
Ͼм籾Դ
ǰҶϥʱıԴ͵ϡ
Ҷû˵ʲôҲͲ֣׷ѧƽ
֪Ҷܹĳɾ֮ͣ⣬ŬҲҪ
Ҷ⣬籾Դġ̵ۡ
ţ
ڴʱͻȻ֣ȻͬȻڱԴ̺֮
֪УڵʼУʥͬʱƵ
֣Ҷǳ𾪣磬û֮Ĵڵġ
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磬Ȼ֮Ĳ
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һ̣ǲҵæϱ
ʱһͳģϳͷ¸ͬҶŨҵ֮
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ͳҲһĿأ˼ã˵ʬǣ¸Ҳδ֪ǲҪϽ

ͷϵʿˢˢӦлͳ죡

ͳлͲżҴҴ룬ϥأһ˫ǽֻӵѾͨϿȣſڡ
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δתƺǽϵֻˣƽĻһ䡣
кص֮лͲŹ˵
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ҶϢܿɳдˣɳڲŶΧۡ
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һʼϢʱǲţһ˲ͬʱ
ȻԸӦ֮󣬳ױˣòţǧ治УȻܹͬʱ
ôܣ
໹
Ļôͬʱӵ
ҪǣͬʱӦŨʥ֮Ϣ
̥ǹ̥

֮࣬ɳڵ۷׷ףо˼顣
˵ֱ췽ҹ̷һĲʵ
ͬһʱ䡣
ɳһƵĹڣͬʱ۾â̴ա
۵һ˲䣬ɳȻһɿֲѹһţͬʱӦɿֲϢ
ȴû֪ɿֲϢԴ
ĿͬʱͶŷ򣬷·ܹţûʲô赲ǵĿ⡣
Ƭ֮˼Ϣı˫ۣ±
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ι˭ѽ
ͷϣһŮ̽ԴҶѯʵ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦŮ۾ܸɾʾĺܴ࣬ӡ
ĸģĸ壿ΪϻŨҵϢһ̽ͷҶʵ
磬ԭʥʥΪλϢ˵ʵҲ֪Ҷʵش
磿ɹǣ˾

Ҷͷ
ͷһɧңȻǶк֪
ʱͷϣһӥǹ˵˺ȵҶģϴŨҵϢӦǣɳǣǶɳǵ£
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ǣܲܽǲ˵㣬ΪǴۻǳҲ˵
ȸȻһԲеŭѾʾĲˬȸأ

ͷϣӥǹ˵ŴŭȥѵҶ
ΪѾǺͻƽҶӣһӱţȻģãҶ
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ڴʱһϵӥǹ˵ֹס˵Ķ
󣬳ϵƽĵɢȥɣûʲôÿġ
ˣ˭Ҳ
ͷϵǷ׷ɢȥſָֻƽ
¡¡
ṳ́գŽ֮ӴңԶ쾡ͷ۶
֮Ӻڷ˫ֳֺǹһս񣬻ɢս⡣
Ҷֱӱ۾ûȥ֮ӡ

֮һθо˱Ӹоܣ˼Ҹûɶ֡
뷢ڳĹ涨ֲ÷һߵһԡ
ɡԲ졢С˲Ⱥĵ֮ӺҶల£׷ײ졣
ǶĻ֮ˣû˵ʲôռһλ֮󣬱ֱϥĬĬ˹ָ֮ǰսĵ
󣬹ҲˣҲû˵ʲôֻ˸طϢ
ڹɵִſڲãºҲˣͬеĻһЩӡʥӵȵȡ
ſڣҶкֱҶߣռλãǵ˲ֲö˵ʲô
ϾǺҶѣѼ棬ȻٲһѣҲû˵ʲô
漴ʥǰͽʥҲˡ
֤ĻԵû˲ģûʵ벫һһԼ©أ
ǿɾ׬ˣֱӿԲһޱ貵δ
ϿҲûһˣܴĶˣֻȻ䡣
ʥǿ߽Ͽȣܴʮһֻǧ˳ɹ߽Ͽȣҡ
̶ϿȣɱѪȵĽḥ̂ѪɺӣʬǱء
ѵ룬뿪ţ
֮Ӷϣ˵
ˣ
ͷϣһ󲨶һӳ֣ɢǿ׼ϢȹżϢǿʢ
ɨһ۳ˣȻѵÿһԪ⿪һΣ߱ͨϿȵĿ飬Ȼʸǰ֮ŵ籾ԴʱҲɳǰ
䣬ͭŷġ֨
ţˡ




2025 ּɱ
Ŵ򿪣룬ɳС
һɳǣҶоһˮԪ
ʿҲ׷׾ȣɳǲɳǣԪŨԡУƮȻɵĸо
ڽֵֽ۴αȣ˴Ϣ
˾ȵǣɳУȻвûΪͨˡ
ݣ
ӣ
ɹǺ«

ֵԣ־¥ڶ̻Ϣ
ʿ˵ʮ쳾ž޴
ܹ˵ģ־ʿȻᱻ׵ķľ
˵Щǹ̶ѡ
ڽ֮ǰѾˣڶ磬ɳĹ㳡ϣ̨ͨ뱾Դ֮ء
֮󣬲ֱѰҾ¥ջһʯ֮󣬱ס
Ҷº޴߹һսǣǰһԣһ޴ʯǶڴϡ
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źʯ̾͵СǺܿɳĹ㳡ϡ
ԶҶ㿴һԼɵľ޴ʯһɡɢѪ⣬ոѪдȥһ𺳡
ɱ
Ҷˣû뵽ɳ֮оȻһɱ·𶨺һ㡣
ѵ˵ģǲƵ򣿡
ҶгĪ𺳣ɱΨ֮ؾвС
֮ؾԺ߻ܣԺĸ߲֮⣬֪
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Ҳˣ֮ؾбҶʱ仹Ȼɱİ
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⣬򣬸ǵ콾üһá
֮⣬˶Σ۹۱ǣǹģһ粻Ųʵӡ
Ů鹫㺮һ㣬Ⱥ裬չ˵÷ǳܵ
⣬һЩŮ羫һ㣬òףɴҺش
ǵĵ˲˵Ŀ⣬ϾôɧĴϿдж̵ܶӡ
ˣСãð
һŮڨһʥӡ
Сãаǣ
СƦѧѵƭСһ״ʶ˵
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ˣ
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С˿Ϊ⣬һȺлεʱϷһ´߾ŮԴΪ֡
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ȸ˵ڱչأţǾûи֪
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鹫΢΢һЦҪҺ
ȺУ֮ЦʲôչأҪжԼ˰ɣ
Ǻǣ㣿Ҷɱ
Ц̵ģ㸸׵ȥЩʲôҲǣ


2026 д
˴˽Ҷ̣
ǰϲɵ顣
һ仰
֮Ӳŭ
㶯ԣ
ȸСƦȫվվڰ࣬ͬԿ֮ӡ
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˵λҪǺȾ̸ģʶһ£һ¸飬λĻ֮󣬿ѣ໥дһҪ㵽ΪֹҲϣ֡
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֮ʵڿƲסԼɱ˵ˣɢɱ⣬һǱƽ
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һʱ䣬˽άȵľأֲǣҲǡ
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Į˵
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2028 ҶǷ
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2029 
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ѪСʴҽУɫɢң⺮ޱȣƴһƣ˳ǹսȥ
飡
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⣬̫ˣ


2030 
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2031 һʱ
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2032 ֮ż
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˵һƬţȫޣħӿƺ
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㷲飬ʵǲһ׼۶ǿħ޳ࡣ
ƽҲһԸͣ⴦ûʲôֵðա
ûкô˭Ըһȫħ޴սһ
ҶͷҲһ׼۶ħս
Ҫǣﲢûʲô־ڱصõĶûҪðա
Ȼ׼˵ʱħǰһѹͻȻɳһŹС˸˸Ź⣬Ũ
ǡ
Ҷ۾ʱ͵ԲˣһĲ˼顣
ǺͻƽҲɵˣһ˵ģ
СĹ򣬾ȻǴ˵еļ飡


2034 ִ
飬ؾۻ֮Чƾۻ굤֮һ쳣
磬һֱмĴ˵ȴܵõ
ݴ˵Ҳ͵ڶʦԵɺϣõһöĵرһ¯ǧ꣬ϴ겻ҩĹЧˡ
ΪѵõۻĹЧ᲻ɴݡ
Ҷ籾ԴΣҪĿľǼ顣
ԭΪҪһЩʱղܵõһЩϢû뵽ײȻ˼ټ
ǣ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ʱҶҲˣʲôһֱ⴦ء
ö飬ڤڤƺĳָӦһĻ
֮һ֮һħľУΪ貵飬ȼյһ㣬ֺгͳһ
ң˿̼鼴죬һͷħʳɻħΪһ¥пֱͻƿ׼졣
ħȫƾűܣ֪ⶫԼдãһֱû뿪ػż顣
˿̸Ǵ粽룬ѸӦ˴ԼأҲûκζ
ȻҶҲˣö鼴죬໹ʱ㳹׳ˡ
Ȼڳ׳֮ǰǲʳõģ򼴱׼ۣҲڰ֮رһͨˣʱпܱɱ
ڿһ̣Ҷ𾪣ϲӯ
ҩѼ֣ΨѰΣҲҪŪ֡
ڴ˵ȺȥԿһΣƴҪҲҪȡ֣Ҷն๡
Ҳͬ⣡
Ǵ˵̫ΣˣħޣʵͱҪǿ󣬸ο׼۶ޣܽնܼǸϰҾȥðա
ǰˣ˼
һϧҶ֮հĿȸˣȰ˵ҶҪðա
ƽǻԣĭҷɣȰҶҪһʱ嶯¡
Դѡ׷⿪ʼһΣȫһ¡
˵ҶİȫʲôҪ˿ٵãֻҪҶ֤ɵۣããΣֺγҲһż飿
ȻΪһżʲô⣬ʵǵòʧ
ϾνҪ֤ĻԵ籾Դ
ҶǿڱĩãȡС
˵ˣ
Ҷ̬ȷǳΪǰǵɽ𺣣ڤظҲ޷ˣ
ˡ
ȸѵǴ˵вƵ򣬺粻ͬطмĴҲδ֪Ӧ籾ԴֻҪõ籾ԴһԵõģʵڲУǻٻȡʱӵдˣɹİվʹ˺ܶࡣ
ϴ˵Ķԣɲܱĩã˴еĿġƽͰҲȰ
Ǵˣ
Ҷҡͷһ֮ҪĿľѰҼ飬֤ĻԵΡ
ڶż鼴죬˾ҲûлˣҲðգԣʲôҲ˵ˣѾѸġ
Ҷ˼ȴҲ˵ʲôˡ
ˣûпˣϰףˣ
ͻȻҶǰ棬ֱڣҲף֮κʱܷ׻ϮɹĲʵһųϵĺͼᶨȥɣţһܳɹġ
һ̣ҶˣȸͻƽҲˡ
һֱǶҶСӳҶСӶ̵ĽУûнйһˡ
ڸոգĸԸĽҶһˡ
ˣǲϿҶΪ׷ߡ
ˣΪ˼飬籾Դ֤ɵۣ
֮࣬ȸһعȻȰ裬ʳеʡ
κһʿ˵ûб֤˵ˡ
һ֤ɸӾʮأݺ֮䣬壬ѹڰ
ǲ֮ҵ࣬ԿһʥأһӴĵ壬ҫǧ
Թżʿɶ˻ǰ̣Ϊ
֤
ɣ
ʿյ׷
׷ҶҲǿӵдˣˣؿ֤
ڣҶȴΪ˾ˣ֤籾Դǲ⡣
ˣ
ҶȻ˵Ȼչżأֻеõ籾Դ֤ȴҲǾԵģÿ˵ĵͬҵĵǺ۵ĵͬ޷õ籾ԴҲĿ֤ԣ籾Դ˵ǿп޵ġ
ҶⷬȻƽ˵ȴھס
û籾Դһ֤ҪǿŲܷ˺׳
ǣȴͬʱţҶԷ飬û籾ԴҲն֤ɹ
һ̣УҶһδĴۣƣâɣ
˳ȡü֮Իǻϣ
Ҷ֪׼۶ħޣ޸ﲻʲôæйǣܷһ
ͬĵˣͬǲġ
ƨ
Ҷŭ˭˵ҪˣӿҪ֤ˣұ죬ԶԶģȡü顣
ȸƬ̣ˣ㸺ޣнȲðգɹİҲ˲١
ҶҡͷˣԣʵڲУİ취
ʵϣҶǳжҪϧգðű׼۶ǿϮɱΣգҲҪȡü顣
ȻҲǸظˣѽ޵ֵܣֵԼðգԸ⡣
ˡ
ȸˣִҪæˣԴ׷֮󣬴δ˼죬ˡŲܴ
Ͽף
ҶжĶĿȸļ򣬵һֱҶǵҵֵܣҵˣΪԼ£ֵվİɣҲµġ
Ҷļ£ȸεѡЭͰǡƽһ˵ԶĿҶһȥ
һ˲䣬ҶϢ£Ѫţ֮ɢһߵʬ壬Ϣ
Ҷٶȣ׾ٵĵѷ촦ȡС
ȻɻᾪޣԣҶԸҲԸðž޵ķա
ֻһΣβɹĻ˾֮󣬾͸ѳɹˡ
Ȼ
ʲôʲô
Ҷ鲻ɵʱ΢Ǿħޡ
໺𡭡
һҵأħڣŭҶײȥ
ꡢ꣡
ͬʱһ˫̲Ҳҵ̹⣬콣һ㣬Ҷն׿
ˢ
ͬʱҶչ׷ǲһ磬ɾת˲һӣץȥ


2035 սħ
໺𣡡
ħ޷ŭſһڹ⣬ڰɽһ㣬ҶĴֻȥ
ػǧ꣬ۿҪˣݵı˰·ժӣĻԵ
츳ͨɹᴩ磬֮Ҳûá
䣡
ؼʱ̣Ҷ˲ȥ飬һӣһɱѹ£ʩչɱɢ֣Ӳƴһǡ
飡
ҶƤһ㣬ֱӱɳȥֵѪ˿ڴ˸ڹ⣬ƻ
һ棬Ҷ㱻ˣڱѣѪ졣
⣡
Ҷͷͷ޵ĹܼʥҪǿ̫ˣֱƥС
ħͷǧɳ˸ڽĹɣԵС
˫ֱգ⣬ɢ׼۵ѹ
һ̣ŭˣ
ȥʳɱޣδ˸ĵ̣ػļ⣬Ҷǵһܲŭ
ǵҶ߾ڵ֮󣬸ӷŭˣ
һϣҲҴŰ·͵ӣƤĻԵⲻ𣿣
໺𡭡
һŭצ˺գſɲ׼۷Ҷȥ
˾ţҲѷ֮Уʧˡ
ҶŭƣӶȭչħչ˷񹥻
䣡
սʼһһޣײѣ޹⣬ҡ֮ŵضܵӰ죬˵
ʱ䣬˵ĿⶼͶƬأ֪﷢ʲô
׼۵Ϣ
ʲô˳˵ˣȻȥǿ׼۵Ĵڣⲻ𣿡

Ǿɲȴû˸鿴
ΪǺ׼۵һ񣬾ԿԺɨƬŵأûԸⴥùͷ
֪
رԵЦˣ
֪⴦صһͷ׼۶ħޡ
ԣһֱû룬ǶڰȫѰһԵŷ
Ҷͷޣ϶׶༪ˡ
ڵȴҶ޻ɱ˺飬Ȼûȡǹҩ
޷ͽ֤֮ĻԵ籾ԴҲһ֤
Ϊӣ֪ĸ֪֤֮࣬·һÿһ۶Ƕһ޶ģ߳ǰ˲ͬĵ
һ˫ۣǰǲܵģبÿһֻһ֤
Ȼ
һȴ̫ͬˣĸףŵ㣬һ·֮ϢܻܿϵĴۡ
սҶչѧ似ƵˣƬؼҪ㡣
Ȼ൱׼۶ħ˵ȴûжвɱɢҲֻܽ˶ѣ첻ʵԵ˺
ȴƵƵˣħһлص֮׿ԣȫս޾ʹҶΪ
򡢷⡢ɱ
Ҷ깲ֱӹ޵ꡣ
Ȼﵽ׼۾ޣѾǳȹ̣ϣѺ
໺𣡡
޿ˣһһĴצӷһУ׼۷ƵݺҶϡ
ۣ
ҶѪѺۣЩ鿪
Ҳһ߾ڵʿͻһƬѪڷˡ
׼۷ѻ⣬Ѫһĥ˵꣬ϲԵһ־
ˣ
ҶĹâѭݣĥ׼۷
תķѱԴԼָ۷״̬׼۷ĥ
֣
Ҷһȣ籡һ֣ѹ磬ֻط˸ѹ¡

ŭһӶצ׼۷򣬺Ȼӭϡ
䣡
رɫлػˮתضҪˣϲ˿ɲѺۡ
飡
Ƭ֮ҶٴαɳãѪҲ
һΣܴأ׼۷꣬ЩɢӡϲѺۡ
ˣҶף׼۶ޣܼ׼۾ϼһͬն
ǿǲܵģڿ׼۶ħ飬ڵ졣
ಣ
Ҷֻε·һתƣһ߽׷ǲʩչ£紩Խռһ㣬ΧӶݡ
ƻвͨˣ׼۶ħ̫ǿˣ׼۷򼸺ǹ룬ɱɢֶֺ޷شֻʱѣʱ䳤ˣıȻ
ҶȻִȴçײһ²Ϊ·ͬʱ׼õڶ׷ͷħޣðǶ֣ȡС
Ŀֻһϧһдۣȡ֣һεĻᣬȻԺܷĻԵ˵
ΪҪһұҪɹ
Ҳֻһö˾ԶҲ
еηǳӣڴս֮󣬸ɽؿѣݺᣬܶطΪƽأʯɽĹǼҲˣһǷƮ
ҶѰ˫ڵϲϿһµ磬ٳһ·Χȥ
ţ
ڴʱĲҶ΢ϢʱһϢҶܵǰƶ
ͬʱжһСĶһ޶ȴû˿
Ҷģˣ
ǹЦݣޱȣһ˿ĳ졣
СǹżΪһп̻д۵ƣȻܺ͵۱ᲢۣΪһѾ㹻ˡ
һƴطһԱ൱Ϊ׼һǿԱףɱ׼ۡ
ǹżΪ׼ɱﵣ׼޷򣬵ȴӰ졣
׼籾ԴʱɱˣûԵ
ȻʧȥǣֻҪɱҶһжֵõġܱ𣬶һܵõҶĵ۱ҩ
ֻҪ֮Ես㲻ΪѣΪ˽֮֮⣬Ļߡ
䡭
ħ޽׷ᣬദƬѪ졣
һΪ˳˷ŭҪϵϱצ¡
ЩһֱħûнʳǰȻСȴ̺ſֲ֮Ϣ˵Ǵ󲹣ϷŹ
һ׷һӼ䣬֪Ѿӽ˾صıԵֲ׼ѹø޾ְѣ׷Ӷݡ
Ҷ׷ǲȻѾ漰ʱ򣬽ƽأȴ޷׼۶޵׷
෴֮ľԽԽ׼ʥ֮Ĳֲܹ࣬ġ
һʯ󣬹ɱ۾жҶ׼ۼ޵ľ룬ѡʱѣһֱҪɱҶش׼ۼޡ
Ҷ˿֪ΣĽӽƴÿһ¶ḡֳһƬص硣
Ȼͷ׼ۼħȴƹ֮ôҲ˦ѣ˫ľڲϵ̡
մȥӣҶᱻ׷ϣӶٴս
ʱˣ
䣡
ǧһ֮ʣһСͻأĳҶ֮䣬ȻըһǳԱһ㣬ǿҵĹâֱӽһһûǿ֮С




2036 ô
ձħڣ
ĴըرˣдϢط·Ҫع硣
ǽըһ׼Աɻһǡ
Ƭ֮ŵдӡѹһУסƬŵأ˿ֲıըŵؽڣ˶Ҫڷ
ˣԲʮҲΪƽأĿģȺɽΪ촷ۡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
޲ԼͬһѪǴĵĳ
ͬʱǼ൱׼۱Ͻ񷣬Լͻƽȸһ棬ܳ
õ

ˡ
ͬʱУһĶᵽɤۡ
˿ֲıըɱ׼ۣҶֵܵס
ѣ
ûϣ
һ̣һƬ
ŭպǵ۾ɱֱ죬ϯ˻ġ
ɶ̫ɶˣ
һ̣˹ɵĶˣ͵ϮҶվ
ȻȴҲ֪ҲδܻɱɣðǴݲã´ɱ󣬾ɱһУϣ֮ɱ
Ļ᣿
֮ززˣ
չŵģֻҪȥ֮ţ
ҧгݵķġ
һ̣Ķɱɢҵɱ
ˣڱըĵҶա
ڱըһ˲䣬ʶ˲һʱ䶯ǿת
һƬɼײƬĻļ׸ϣסһƬüģסꡣ
뵽ǿˣͬʱһתʱ䣬ǹеڲռ䡣
ˣҶɱıըشЩ
൱׼ԱĽըʵ̫ǿˣҶǣֻһţɢ΢
Ҳˣ˼飬΢֮ʱпϨ
ʥܵصش
ǹڵҲ⵽˳ѿţҲ⵽类ݺһһ㣬ܲѺۣѪڿʧ

龰ҶŭĲ״̼֮ǿһЩ
ͬʱ˲ιҩᶶһƬ̹⣬֮Դ
ҶҲĵһѪȵĴ̹֮һֺͬϵѺۡ
˰ɣչˣ£
˲ι˵
˿̣Ѿ߰СŮˣö
Ҷûе飬Ĭ˷ķѱԴ
ȻһܴأѪо׼۷򣬼
꣬ش᧿Σ֮ʱпϨ
˵ҶΣǻԵ
飡
ոһα飬ѪҲ̶á
㾭һδεϴ񣬾һδε̲ס
ʹ࣬һʿȥʱˣֲڡ
ܳܵʹ࣬Ҳ鿪
ľʹһԸҶ̲ס

˲ι̾һ֦ҡһö˲ι֦䣬ֱӱ鿪֮Ϣ̴ƬҶѪƮȥ
ˣ
̹ʢӳյҶѪһƬɫ˲
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ͷħޱҶңֱӱˣֻʣЮһЩѪ⣬Ʊը籩ظȥ
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ȴģ۳żͿˣ˿Ļζǧغ֮ˣ
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شҲ˼㣬ƽʱʮ֮һսӲˡ
˵ǼΣյģ£һǿޣɡ
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Ϊ˵ط˿ֲıըЩ޶ʱڲǰ鿴
ֻҪʱȼ鳹׳죬һ£ٵǱޣ֮
ʱʵʵı仯һ̨ף罫޶֡
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ڻǹڣҶȴ֪ȥܲ־ŭ
һֱǶϰҶ澳һδδ漣ҲǸˣ񣬲Ǵۡ
ֱڣԾɲţҶʬ޴棬ʶɿա
˵ͬ췽ҹ̷һĲʵ
˲ôô
ȸţǲţСƦӻƽҲš
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ء
һХüѿһۣһâ̴ʡ
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ҶˣҲҪǹΪǹвҩ˲ι
ѧҶʩչлԽٻأϣãҲԸ
Ȼ˱Ǹ죡
ǶһɲǣһɫӰһ⣬ǹȥȻǹɡ
˽ը籩ܹܵĳ̶֮תۣ˱ըĵ龰
ֻлǹڿУаϲһ㽫Ҷɱˡ
һ̣д죬еȫһɨգ¶˵Цݡ
Ҷ
ն׼
ջһɣϡ
ס֣

ǹ־ŭǳ⡣
Ǹʹ˳̵ľƴʩչ׷ǲҪڹ֮ǰǹȡС
ȸֱˢɫ⣬ˢȥƽҲ߶һԶǣ콣âɨɣٶȡ
Ȼɵǿܿģֻһ֣һƬħ⣬ס˿ȸɫ⣬ǽƽ÷˸ˤ˸˲档
꣡
һָһָâڰǰƵòͣ⡣
ݵǹ֮ǰЦץȥ
ˣ
ʱ
ǹһѿ
һӰ߳
Ҷ
˿̣ɢǿϢڷɢ˿Өһ˼ĴۣһС
ңô
ҶŹɣɱⱬ




2037 Ͳĥʯ
⡭ôܣ
ɾˣ
ѳʥ֪ΪͻȻоһɷս
ƽҶȱŭҶ¡
ҶУܵ˴̹ǵĺ⡣
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֮ĳޣѲɻ⣬Ҫһ׵¡
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ǡƦͿȸҲˡ
ʲô
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ˣ
޾ϲĪ˷ܵüҪХ
һ̣ǾɨǳĬĳƷνɵ·ˡ
㣬Ű
ǿ䣬̱𣬺顣
ɫ࣬鹾ת˼ı֮ߡ
֪һ޷ɣҶ׼۶ɻɱ˵ˡ
Ҫߣ
Ҷޱ飬Ŀ£
ۣ֮ŭ
һ̣Ҷŭˣŭˡ
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ģκίȻΣɶýЩٵܲŭ
ɱǵӣиǿ׼ۿɽһжֹҶɱľġ

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֮£ֻѡƽΪͻƿڣƴȫ񱩵һȻƽ·
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һ鲻ĥʯ
ĥʯ
ʧȥ˽ĹɣѾҶĶֻ֣ܺ׷һϸˡ

һĻɲŭϲֻҪҶ֣㻹ϣ
һȣʩչħħƽɱȥϣܹһȱڡ
ֻҪӳΧʩչѪħ󷨣˲ԶݣҶҲ׷
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸУ
ƽҲ֪Ҷ˼ľɲǸǵģս鼫ḻʵҲƾżһʱ䡣
ȸͰҲûţһ֣໥֮Ĭ
Сһ׹⣬ר·񳲺βص㹥ĶżҲṥס
ƽԴƹ൱죬һԶƽʹʱʱɺһ¡
ȸսɫһˢս졣

һû·˺һ飬¶װ׵Ĵƨɣļӡ

ڹһĿյƽݺһƹĺϣҵһͷΣðǡ
һнҹͷ
ƽЦ˦ͷӲүĻˡ
꣡
ͬһʱ䣬ȸ絶ұһѪۡ
ɱŭѣȴ޼ƿʩƷһʵǿĿȸ׽⣬ƣӦ
ʵԶޣˡ
ȻȴȫӦսΪҶһԻ񣬷ȥ󲿷ֵע
ԼˣòҶͻʩɱ֡
һս£û˿ǣһȴأηηβཥ͹Գ

쳤Хڸղţֱ˺һжѪ⣬βѪ졣
ȻҲǴ÷ɵȥһͭǣǿᣬ𣬾Ȼ򲻶
ͬһʱ䣬ҲذһƦֱʱ࣬
ʲô
ƽˣŹӣүĴ򹷰ҴҴ򡭡
ɱӶˣǸҶһսսҲ衣
ȻƽͰһԶƷù
ҶȻûг֣ȴйעţһκ©ֱһָָâɵȥ·زߡ
ĥ޵ʵսһϵĸĬˣ©ԽԽ١
ɾͲ˵㣬޵ʵУҶڲ࣬ʮʵֻܷӳ߳Ƕѡ
ˣҲòȻɫɲδܵʵԵ˺һսʵ
˿̣˵һҶģֵȺŹʲôӢۣ
Ȼȴ˵ڣΪҡ
ޣһƴ֮ҶƴûС
һ̣ȻãԼʵǲǵ顣
ΪӣȴܶɧʵֻһҶĿѡ
ʱ󣬹࣬ϵ·ǳ״ߵöûˡ
ʱҶһֹ֣ͣȻ˵Ϊֹˣɣ㴥ҵĵߣ·
ৣ
ɫұ䣬˫ۣһӣƺ˵ֿ
̬ҲҶֻҶɶ
꣡
Ҷûжûǹ絶ʥݻɵұնȥ
һʹģ˵ʵ̫ʴˣ
ҪһɱɣùɳǰĿ־ʹ࣡
Ҷģɱңûôף
ʱ
ͻȻˣ
һִΪһħ¡
䣡
ħݺᣬһħͷ­ħ죬Ҷɶȥ




2038 õĳͷ
֮飬ҲŹ⻪
Ҷһߣ쵶ŷֱӽħɵĹħͷ­նˡ
Ҷģɱңǲܵģ
ùɵֱӳȥ󳹵׻ȥˣֻĿоǺ⣬ڤħͷ
ŴҴң
ɴһ貵ķҶʱϢ
ҶСģǹŵеĽƪɰ˵Ԫ
ǾУҶ
׷ߣȻ߹ŸߵʵΪȴ׼۷壬ֻ֤а벽֮ңսƥдۡ
ԣʶ㣬ڹɺȳŴҴĸ֪֮ǹŵ۵һֽ꿪漰ʱ򣬿ɰ˵Ԫֱ˲ľԪ
ɲ㣡
ҶҲһǾ۵һ֣ʱ䷨򣬿ռ䷨ʱԴһĲ
ɲ㣬ʱ̡
˻ᣬܹŵռһǿʱ
䣡
ַײˣʱ·һ㣬һֹһ˷겻
ãʱ佥ָҶڷףһͷ˿ѩ̶Ƭ̣㱻ǧʱ⣬Ŀֲ֮
ҶԴɲһʱ֮ĻѾΪһѿݹˡ
ۣ֮ȻСס
ˣˣ
Ҷϸϸʱ䷨飬һһȭұ۱飬һѪӨǷɽ

ɲҽһͷ亹ܲҪת޸ұۡ
Ȼȴ֣ҶȭâУϢʴʱ޸

ڹɾֵĿУҶٴһȭ
飡
ģҲˣѪŽɢ䡣
Ҷģ㲻ú
ɴҽУг˿־Ϳɬ
ֱ˿̣ףҶûнƾеĶ֣Ǵ׵ĸϵ⣬׸
õӣ˴־󲻵òѡƶɵħ
ȻǲǶ֣ҶѾԶԶؽ˦ѾҶĶˡ
һ־ڴ֮·ĵ˵ûбҵˡ
ռ䣬
Ϊ˷ֹԱҶÿռ䷨ֱӽԱܡ
絶ɵһ˫ʱѪע
໡
ɺУʧȥ˫˫ȣ˹һޱȡ
飡
Ҷҿɵ˫߸ǺͻƽǳԵеľĽ
үҪ
ƽб۳һǰѪܵĴȣһ
ҲҪ
ǴԲѣ񶾵˵˵ǳģ˱Ŀڡ

üͷֱһ˿񶾵ĹâȻҽУȴġ
֪ҲûãҶԲ˿ȱ֮ġ
ϵģȡƬ̵Ӳܹŵ֮ӸҲ˵
ﱬ˹ģĴսŽ֮ӸӦһġ
ֻҪֵܼ֮Ӹеһ
˵ʿǿܻţ˭Ըȥ
˵ţ
ȻҶǲģ֮ϵʴ
ڣʩչѪħ󷨶ˡ
飡
ҶһŶ£ظѣ飬һΪС

ɲҽУ񶾵˵Ҷ飬ҲŹģһøҰٱҷģ
õĻҪعʲô
ҶĮ˵ٴ̤һţɲȫΪֻ࣬ʣһͷ­ѪȾ˴ء
Ҳ׵ȥģһ㿴ţϣģԶᷢĳͷ
Ҷƽᣬڹɶȴħһ㣬Ծ
ۣ
Ҷһ̤£ɵԴһһ㣬ʱ飬Ѫ׵ԽĴŽ

ɵҽųҪԶݡ
Ȼ
ȴһ۵ޣֱֲӽڹ֮ϣһġ

ɵУԸɢҲԶ
Ϊ۵ħպմ֮ޣһӡȥҶַ׹ֱľһ˿꣬գ޵ϡ
˵õĳͷ
ҶˣɱҲ׵ȥҪ֮࣬ĥ꣬ʹͺս
ˣ
һɱ̫ˣ
Ǻͻƽӭ˵
ǿ޲ǹյĹޣζŶԵ
ˣʱˣڴ˵ңȥȡ
ҶҪٴιѰҼ顣
ƾŶԼӦ͵ʦֶΣѰڡ
ͷ⵽شĻɱ
޲δ뿪ػż顣
໺𡭡
Ҷٴε޷ŭˣһ޴Ҷ˹ͼˡ
Ȼ
һΣʧˣֵĻҶʵóȻ֡
һ֣̱¶ǿиɵԭʮ֮һʵӲ
Ҫ͹ֹɰɣ
ҶȻɱɢֱ֣޺ɱȥ
֮ͷ׼ڶɽһ㣬Ȼأüĳһ޴ѪֱӱҶһȭԣĨɱꡣ
һʹ˱
ͬʱҲҪ׳ˣƺǣ뱻Ҷõֱû֮£˳ŵӶݡ
ߣ
Ҷһ㶣漴һȣչʦֶΣҲ׷˵¡
ǧĽᾧڵһ㣬쳣׽
һǿߣһûͬ󺣣Ѱ١
ùҶעӡ
ڵ£Ҷչ׷ǲسɴ磬գԽռһ㣬ٽӽ顣
鱾ΪԼѾ˦Ҷû뵽Ȼ׷ˣʱһܾһ㣬ٴμӶݡ
ܣ
Ҷɫһ㲻ԿͷĻվסһڵġ
˵꣬ҶչʦֶΣת컻أӲ˵¡
ҶֶΣ鳹ûƢˣɢ͵Ĺâͣ
Ҷǰ֮ȡУ̽һּȷһЩǣȴֻǱܶѣûʲô˼룬һʶļҩЩ²ȥ֡
飬֮ڻǹڲռУҶڵѰһ
ȻȴëҲûҵ˵ˣһƷʯûУһЩʯҲƷʲ֣Ҷ᲻˿¡
գԭ·˻أ䡱һƿ㣬֮ϡ
ʱƬѾȫĹۣҶĸ컻֮£ĵѾ˸Եĸı䣬ħɢ
ˣŷ֣֮ԻħľأΪ˱仯ˣʬԭҲڵħ
һжıˡ
ǧｫдУһƬ




2039 ֻҪ޵У
׹
»䣬ԭħľ⡣
ҶΧһϹһ⸬ɢ˵
׼ۼ⣬ֱǴ۰
ͷȻħͬʻǺģ̺ʿ˵Ǵ󲹡
սҶԴĺܴһ׼ۼʳò
ǣ̰޶ȵļһ׼ۼ޵ʬİƤ޹ǣľ⸬Իӡ
ĶҲյȫգۣɴɱһǧҲŹһ̰Ը
׼ѪҲզأ̫ˣ
һ߳һ߼ƷʱûƽΪ֪Ʒֱ̫λˣһλ׼ĳԻķθ֮ԡ
ȸ̲סҡͷ׼ۼѪⰡѰܳԵСģֱ
ʳȻӦƣоƮ㣬һ޳Ժȵ൱ˡ
ĽߣԿܼܲӡļ䡣
ȸһ̳ƣɫ΢ƽ˵
ʲô
СƦӺȵʣһߴűһʵ
Ȼǰ˾Ѱ籾ԴռȻˡȸ˵
ƽҡҡͷ˵Уӡļ޷ֻܱĵȴȻˣʲôΣĻǿн⿪ַӡڣûϷ
޷ҹƽɣûҪΪռȻðա
˼֮ҶãȻԸûƽȥðգҼΣļҲδؾǹڵ籾Դġ
ҵи⣡
Ǻȵöᣬֵ˵
㣿
ȸбһۣʲô⣿ʲôɣ
ϴҶĴǱʾ顣
˵ôҳⶼأҲһЩǲȵġ
ۣ
Ҷһھˮ绨һ㣬˰һǺ
һֱ̫Ʒˣ
ҶҡͷʧЦĸп
ðɣ˵㲻ȵȸ΢Ц˵
һᣬЦĿȸҲ仰׵ˣ¶Цݡ
ܼ򵥣Узз·ץͷʲ֪ˡ
˰ǵⷬҶͿȸʱ۾һ໥һۡ
γȷȣĺܶ޶ǱƬŵУ֪籾ԴϢ
գҶͰհ˵İ죬ץͷʣܵõһЩ˿
Ȼˣʱ仹磬Ҳüһʱ
Ǻͻƽȸˣʱڿ϶޷·ϢһҲá
飡
ͻȻһﵹصҶǱž̳ӣ˲˯㣬ˮɺˡ
һԣƽҲ˯ѿڵϣֻпȸѺ;
ȵ٣ԵҲ٣ΪҶ׷ߣȸΪϸģκʱ㡾ְأְʱԺҶϺΪΡ
ʱ䲻ˣҲϢɣ
ҶĿȸļ򣬶ߵһߣȡǹһǹڲռ䡣
ȸĬĬǹԱߣϥ۾Χǧκη紵ݶĸ֪
ۺʱҪΪҶǿȸԼĳŵ
ȻҪһ׷ߣҪһְ׷ߣһΪء
ǹڲռ䡭
ڻǹֻǵ۱̥δɳΪ۱ԣڲռȻ嫣ȴȱδݻΪһ硣
Ȼ˿̵Ļǹڲռȴ˲ݱ̣ൽʣޱߡ
ˮȴɽ
һУҩ˲ιĹ͡
Ϊسһ̺
Դռ֮ռеԪҲóԣ
ڿһ̫һ㣬ɢŹâһƬռ䡣
ڼ·ٱƵ棬ΧҶ
˲ιֱֻԴ٣ɱ棬Ϊպĸû
ͬʱҩϢҲǱĬĸıʣǿ
ҶѰζҩϳһ¯ۻ굤֮ؾۣ֮ʱ壬塣
Ҷٴǰ΢Щ԰׵мּζӡ
ζҩѵζֻҪٵõɶƾۻ굤ˡ
ܿͻ۾ˣʱұȢΪޣ
ҶԸʦʦ֮ıٷԼϡ

Ҫ޵У
峿ƮһĨʪϢ¶ڳ˸ɫʮ⡣
Ҷӻǹڲռ߳һһǺͻƽѣ·ˣ
Ժرž̳һͨ쳤һͨѹ
ƽҲƣһХøʵ΢޷׷׶ܡ
һβʮѰһſһˮһƥĿڡ
ںϴ˸裬ڿն𣬽ˮ³Ȩˡ
߳أǺͻƽС֣͵Ϯƹץ߰ͷޡ
˵籾Դ
ɷһĵһ˫ۣĥʣǸ࣬Сֱӱˡ
Ȼ
Щʵձ鲻ǿ֪ޣŵ˽ⲻ࣬ǶԼĵطָơ
ЩҶǲûʲôãþǷһЩ
Ƿ
ҧһͷ޵Ҳ֪Ҳ֪һ֪ã
˵꣬һצӽͷùĵԽѣڷ
󣬻ƽҲŭ֣߰ͷȫǻɱˡ
㻹˵ȻʲôҲ֪Ҳȫûйס̶ֲ˵
ʲôףƽ⡣
Ⱑ
ǷۣǲǸղϴʱӽˮˣЩɶʥʳģʥҲܴ׬һʡ
˵ֱ꣬ӼϽ޵ʬ˽ȥ
ϽǸٵ᲻ɴݣһкܴĿռ䣬Դܶණ
Ҫǣ׼ۼıЧܸܵġ
ԴˣҶʡ
ãȻ籾ԴǾͿ϶ƬŵصģֻҪ룬Ӧ
ڽļһֱ˳ûκΣգһЩǿĽƣڰǵƽ֮£ҲȻȹ޾ա
ʱǺͻƽ˲СջһЩ۵޳ǵʳﴢ
ǾʥޣҲסҶĺɱձȻ䡣
ϧǣǲûʵй籾ԴκϢ޶֪籾ԴĴڣ֪
еģҶ޶ҪʱһͷԳޣֻ۾ֻ䡣
⨺
ͷ޵ʱҶòҧԼͷͷԳʹ˵е⨺̫ˡ
ǣ
ƽҡͷǱ˵Գѣ⨺ﲻմߣ⨺ǴޣѪϺϴͬġ
ͷԳ൱ʱش𣬷ǳϡ
ԳĿе֪Ҳ籾ԴλãҶһϢھݴǧһأһͷǿ֪
жǿʵ
൱ʿе׼۶죡




2040 ٻ
Գ䣬˲̡
Ƥģ뺦𣿡
ǱŭһצԳϣֱӽúɳȥѪֹ
ʲôЦ׼۶ޣȥ
ҶҲٴսһͷ׼۶ޡ
֮ǰɱһħѾʵңһεĻҶҲԲ
ҲʵͳԺԣƽҲݺݵв
ĸҰ
ԳҲе֪Ϣûʸ֪籾ԴõϢġ
˵ôֱˣ
ŭһûģȥء
˵ֱ꣬Ӷ֣ԳһצĵԽѣҶûüֹ
ͷԳϾͻ񻰴˵е⨺ɱ̫֮ϧˡ
⨺ؼ֮һΪ֪ܲǰ
ͷԳͽ⨺ȴ⨺̫ǿˣҲսʤ
ĺͷıӺǣϧ
ɱԳԾɾ޶֡
ˣɱˣ㻹Ҷ˵
˵Ҳ̫˷ˣڵĺԣʳģͱˡƽ۲ѡ
֪˵֪˵ʲôԼûʸ֪ⲻдʲô
أԹ治ݣȻΪŭ仰Ҷ
ûʸ֪
ҶȻͷԳδ˵ѣ̫ͣʵȻûʸ֪һЩŵеĺܡ
籾ԴƬŵеĺܣΨЩ׼۾޲ʸ֪
ңҲֻʵﵽ׼۾磬ܸӦ籾ԴĴڰɣ
ͷԳ̫ԩˣ
գҶȥͷ׼۶ޣʸס
ˣ
ΪǴ𣿡
ˣ²ף׼۶֮
֪Ҷľ֮޼ҷԣ׷Ȱ裬Ϊ̫ðˡ
ʲôЦ׼۶ޣƬŵУҲǾ԰ĴڣǰһҲǶ֡
Ȼ׼ۼ޷õ籾ԴϿɣҪṩϢڳ˵Σʵֵġ
ܲܳɹ˵Ҫһ԰ɣ
Ҷ˵ǷģҲðյġ
ʲô㣿
ȸһ˿ɻĹâȸǣܷеͨвͨĻǾͬ⡣
ҶͷԼļƻ˵˳ƵƵͷ۾⡣
˵ҶƻгɹĿܣҳɹļʺܴ
һΣȸҲˣͬҶһԡ
Ҷļƻܼ򵥣˵˲ֵһᣬ˵ĸ֣ٻ
ҵͷ֮󣬲ѣȽħ޵ͷ­ӳһ¡
Ҷţͷħ޳ħľУͬΪ׼۶ޣ֮϶ϵġ
ȻˣһҲǳգһ岻סǾֻ·ˡ
Ҷٶȶ£׼۶ޣֻҪٶóҲ׷
֮ҶͰǱ̳Գ֮ǰָķȥ
ɽڽ·ɿӹŨԪ
պһԴɽȡ
ﻨ㣬ݺɲݳʯأȪ٣Ԫˮ
Ҳһأ
ҶͰȫˣǰľɫ̫ˣһƬ׹ǱصľؽȻͬ
ʲôأһɾ
ʲôôɾ
ڴʱһϵ׼ѹ˲䲨
һ׷ͯյߣȣһƬл߳˫˸ǵĹâ
ǡ
Ҷٴξˣ˵õأôǸˣ
Ҳлε
ǶҶСѵҪߵԻˡ
ǰ
Ҷ񣬶˵֪籾ԴϢ̣
ΪʲôҪ㣡
˵ôϷɾк֮£ϣϷΪǣ߰ɣ
Ҷû뵽ѽѾ޳ɡΣҲвˡ
ϰӣΪ׼۾˲𣿡
ͻȻҶ߳ߵ㿴ʲô
˵꣬ʾ⣬Ҷħ޵ͷ­ó׼ۡ
ҶΪѣҲǣҲǡ
ѾҪˣôһͣ˿Ҫˡ
֮£ҶֻӲͷƤħ޵ͷ­óһСɽһͷبߺҶм䡣
˻
͵صһһ˿ֵĹâ
ͷħȻʶʵֻ߲ͣȻǰˣôܣ
ȻֱⲻǼٵģеͷ­ϸܵϤϢ
֪ʲô
ҵ˼붷֮׼۶ջѡЭ̾˿˵
籾ԴҶͷ­ǿʵ
˿̣òǿƣһ߿˿ǰˡ
Ϊ˵õ籾ԴϢֻϷס
գҶ׼۶߿е֪籾ԴϢ˳Ƭɽȡ
ͨߵĽ̸ҶҲ²³ߵı壬Ӧһֻɺס
׻˵ɺ꣬ɺɺ׶ǳٵҲֻӵƳ׼۾硣
˵һʿĸٺãҲȻĵ·ߵĺԶ
һֱ߳Զδ׼۶׷ҶͰǲŰһ
ղǱţ׼۶ǿһһһ㶵ģ˵˺ܶܡ
ҶСӣҼթˡǵ٩Ҷ

ҶһϣҾһҶҪˣȴôһ£ǰҼڻϿ𣿿㻹˵
ղʵ̫ˣҺóɹסߣ롣
ǰҵʱɽе׼۶ȴҲͬҲѡ
ҿûкҶͻ³²ħǿĶȥ
ҲƣһޣʵǿҲ߾ڵʵѣλɱħ޵ģ
Ҫ֪ħޱʵͱһǿһ֣ħͬ磬Ҳ˱ᣬԶͻ
Ȼһͷǿޣȴ߾ڵ߾ڵ޸ɱˣⲻϳ
ǰǲޣе߶ѣ޶㡣
ϣȻն׼۶ħޣֱ˼顣
߲һŵ亹Ի壬ȻһֻԼɣһɽɺס
Ϻ׿ɽȿڲ½ƣչأʱھأΪʶҪˣｫƽҪʵӦԽսҡ
ͬʱҶչسɴ磬紩Խռһ㣬ɺָķλȥ
ͻȻڼٸ·ҶȻͣ˫âһȥ


2041 ⣬
飡
һɲһͷײҶϣײ˸߻أǰСǡ
ôˣ
ȸҶĿķȥȴʲôҲûпɵɻʵ
ˣ
Ҷһ㣬૵˵һ䣬תһԭʼɽָȥ
ȸͻƽһ̸ۣϡ
أҰ
ʹλԴչ׷ǲ׷ȥ
Ƭ̺Ҷһɽм˵صºˡ
ʱޱȣѪ߰ߣ¼Ѫ࣬Ϣǳ΢
ȻﲢսΪδ⵽κƻΧϢϵѪζ
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Ҷ˫ӣĴ֮Ϊȶһƣʵ
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սн֮Ŵǽº˻ˣֱ޿ա
ľġ
ºҶʼĩԵɡ
ԭڲǰͨԼµһЩأ籾Դλá
ڸ·;УͬƲ籾ԴλõĽ֮Ӳڶ
Ųµԭ˲δͻ׼·У֮ܿӡ
Ϊ֪̫֮ǿˣһ·ĻʲôԵҲò
Ȼ׼뿪ʱսȴǣ˵Ҫǵѵ
ºҲǵӣԼϺ͹Ȼ衣
ǣ˫㶯ˣԣλ֣ҲսĶ֣ˡ
սǳţڻ֮ܶ󣬴ʴʣ˵ʲôѪҲˡ
ңܻ˵֪Ϊʲôѵԭܼ򵥣ΪҶѣֻҪѣҼһһ
˷ŭ˼㣬ƴάϡ
Ȼ֮ǰܴԼƴԾɲսĶ֣Щս
ٸǣ
սӶˣһ߸ϵ̬һԭǾǲʶʱڹȻȻҶͷǣԣԣҪ־ȥҶСְɣ
ñӦģ
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սЦҲҲ죬ʲôӦ߸Լοˡ
ţ˵¸ǣҶͷ­Ԥˣҵõ籾Դ֮󣬱ȡǣֻѡҪô˳ң¡Ҫô
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սЦΪҲҲɱǲǾǶһá
´ǣƾʵʵǶǸ׵ʲôѪҿǷӱϾǵӣ϶ԣǻǺǿġ
ս٩٩̸һµӣԱ߹ս鹫۷һ
ᶨţսһǣؿ֤ΪӾʮصϴڡ
ˮǴߣմ⣬Ϊ۵ĺ֪һԺڡ
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ҲһĳݣҶӵӵģս֮⣬ûˡ
Ƕǵţ֪Ҷնɱλӵ顣
һʱ䣬սһ񻷣·縩ӾʮصĴһ㣬âɡ
սĿ˳ݵĸоҸоãĸ͡
߸ϵۣڸӽܿܿĮĿڣӵݾǣǲǵӣļ廹ҪΪãҸԿڰҵĻھͿɱǡ
Ϊ֮ɣ
սԶȥԶģ·һǶ
ƴŨҵѪζ޵ġ
ƾǵʱ״̬˵۷ʥޣһֻͨʥޣҲɱǡ
ǿɲΪ޵ĵģԲƴӵֱþһҲ߲̱
սҶҵѣҪۣ
Ҷ˫âɱȻնһǰƣᶨޱȡ
սǳǿ󣬲׶Ը
ǰҶ֣㲻Ҫ嶯н֮
º˶սʵʶΪҶԻսͷ֮ˣҶû
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֪Ҷ֮ԶŭȫΪ˸Ǳˣ޺ˡ
˻˵ʲôûǿڣҶǣʲôҲҪ˵ʲôҲҪ룬Ⱦųˡ
˵꣬Ҷ֮䣬̧˫֣͵İ׹֣м˿˿ɫ
Ҷ֣ɣ
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˶ʶ֮ˣһ֪ҶԼԪΪˡ
һĻȻԿٸԭҶĿɾʹˣֵܼס
Ҫ֪Ҫελ߾ڵĵӣĿɲһǰԪ
İɣзִ磡
ҶǿװЦգοˣ԰ǷԸŻϰ׺ĽȥЩҩ
ţҶ˵һ󴮵ҩƣЩλӶδţһͷˮ
⴦֮ŵأԪӯҩؽǣѰҰݶɢһЩݵҩѡ
ҶԸ֮󣬰Ǻͻƽ뿪ˣͷȥѰҩ
ȸվһԣһԲĻɫ鼰Χǧ֮ڡ
ôҲȻ˸ĽߵţʵǶˣ
ƽһѰҩһŷɧ
ԭҶϻƵģϾ䣬ȷƵϣֻɫϻҲûʲôס
ڸҶڵһʱ֮ϻرУܾòš
ҶֻýĽ֡
ңǺͿȸҲºǱˡ
ڿȸĻ£Ҷ˫£ۻĴ֮ڡ
ڽӴ֮Ҷŷ֣˵ƱȱϿȥأȫѺۣ˿ڴڡ
޷ˣ޷ʩչ
ƾǵʵӵең
Ҷһô֮޸อ;һЩ
ǽϢ
ҶܿӦЩϢеɱŨˡ
ˣ΢ϢǶȻ׶༪١
ʱ򣬰ǺͻƽҲˣԴ˲ٵҩݵġ
ϻմȾѪȻڲҩĹкػҩ޸һܡ
ҶԸǽҩ飬˵Ĵڴӿ˵ٶȣͬʱʡ֮
Щҩؾֲۣ̿⣬˵׹ǣ˿϶аġ
Ҷ֪ҩԣ֪ʲôҩԣ˵ٶȽӿˡ
úҲڿٸԭС
ı仯еľȺ͸мԽԽŨˡ
һУҶǵģ




2042 ڤڤ֮
֮ŵأޱߣϢ
һƬǰ磬죬
Ȫʯҩ±޳ûأա
֮ŵÿزŻῪһΣĻԵ͸ա
໺𡭡
һ޵˻춯أһȺĴֱӱ飬Ѫ䡣
һɽУںսһͷʨǻޡ
ͷӵ֮Ļͷȴʨͷֲʱ⣬ɱʥ
λʥһ׼ס־ɱ⣬ѹƵûƢ
һԣһͷ˫ǵСӸ֣֡
գ׼ɱ£ʨǻڱɱѣɻҡ
λʥҲܣɫ԰ףѪ߰ߣʥĹޡ
նɱͷޣλʥ֮ˣʳԲ֮ǰսġ
֮ǼǰһƬçɽ֣ǰȻʡ
ǵǰɽֱ죬мһϿȣһ죬ʳ롣
һ̣Ǳˡ
ԶԶȥǰϿϼεʣƲԹǧ
ٽ֮ǲŷ֣Ͽȵ࣬Ȼμ
Ͽȵ֮࣬ϢֲͨﶼɢŨ֥ɲݡ
ϿȵҲ࣬һƬԿ±ϣб컯
̫һ㣬μַεΪ澰
֮ƵɱһУɽһƬȫޡ
ȻǸʮ֮ڣҲûκڣļ¡
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һӽȻϮüʥæˣܹ֮Ľɱһ亹
˵дգɾ
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֮һΪԴֲ֮һףԿԺɨһУ׼Ҳѿ⣬˵ˡ
ȻԤϵǣţȴҡҡͷһĵһҪȥ̽
ˣ
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Ȼţ̬ȷǳУһҪȥס
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ţᶨ˵û˵ѣڤڤУƺһоϿеĶǿҪõ
λʥ֪òֹˡ
ڤڤеǳԳ֮ţĻԵأ
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Ҫ֪籾ԴûκϢǾʥҲȻ޷ĸӦ׼ȷλ
ţΪʲôǰѰսֻܹãײĴġ
ߴоԶ壬ҲһЩƵļأ˼еһЩϢˣϵ⴦Ͽȵڴ
Ȼûн룬Ǿһжü
֮սϸֳһƲпЦݡ
κθںԵģĵˣڵˣǾֻһ취ǿɱ
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ݵľ֮սֱӶţ֣һӣգ۵ָɽѹ䣬ſֲصۺͷɱһеС
رûκνͣҲûκףͻȻ֣ǿƶԵ
ʵϣ֮֮ǿԵԭж
һ籾Դ־ڱصãκθںԵģ
һֻΪǣӾʮأѹ졣
ڶţҶСܣڹվڰǱΪС
ҶɱеİףţҶСܣȻҲһ
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裡
ţһֲçţ𣬹춯أɽͷñˡ
ʯ׷׸𣬶飬촷ۣյ̳
Ǵţħ츳ͨ󣬿ԽɱС
űһͻľ޺ͷζѪ׷״󾪡
ߵȷСÿ˶ǿĵƣԽɱеʵ
ڽ֮˵һжͽ͵ģʵ̫⣬ƽ
õ
ʥ׷׾ŭԴĹɱֱҡ¡
ţϣϲʧ
ԣǲϧһдۣҲҪţİȫ
䣡
λʥͬʱ֣ɻأ׼Ҳݱܷâ
սòͣԾȣͼλʥȺƴһǣÿռ䶼ˣһɴϢøǧڵأֲѡ
蹫ӣ㣡
鹫ڣиֳһΣܲɢʥϢǳ
أ
սڷ©˵СԼɴ򷢣͹֡
ǿơԵ£
һ̣սȻд󣬽鹫˿öˡ
жǣ
ǿƥѹһУ
εװս˾٣ǿʵޱȵš
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ս۾٣żλʥ˵
㡭
λʥŭ׼֮⣬û˸Сǡ
ȥ
սȻ˵ҸϢʱ俼ǣߵĻԶҲˡ
̫
ʥŭɶһۣ֣ƴһ
ΪǺѡߣսҲŹţ͵ҵһսƴһϣ
ѾˣǾɣ
ϢһսɱȻ˵¶Ĺâ

ɱ䣡


2043 ĵúܻ
䣡
ûκηϻս
սһһ˴սʥ˶Ǿʥʵ
һսѣ޹⣬ɽΪƽء
ϸѺܲݺύһ㡣
ʥţ½ʥͬս֮ӣɱƬҪˡ
һߣսη壬ݳ֣ÿһлصĴܣ˿·硣
磬ʥǿݺأܵ
꣡
Ѫ֣һ˫ʥͽֽ˺һֻ
໣
ģʥ۵һҺɫףԺˡ
Ȼսǲġ
ղţƴʥò״һᣬ
Ʋˣսսپ籾Դʱ䡣
ŲȸӰ羵ˮһ㣬ǰɱ˵ʥ
䣡
սһȭƺɴ磬սƥ
ʥֿ⣬Ѫȼǿһ
໡
һӴӰɳȥһķձڰͻȻ壬飬һѪ֮ꡣ
ˣ
׼ʱսſڳХһ챾Դӵңգֱӽûˡ

ʥ귢һʵʹ˼𣬻ǲ档
䣡
崿۵
ע֤ɵۣܵ
ҷ·𿴵һȽȽ𣬹âɣ

һĻĺܶǷ׷ۣΪսΪ֮ӣʵ죬ؿ֤壬ѹڰҡ
鹫˫¶ĽݡԺĹâ
սܵδĴۣκθŲģǿɱ
ھʵǰһȺ׵ĸѡ
໺𡭡
ʥŭ츳֣ͨͬɱ֮ӡ
һʱ䣬ɱᴩǶˡ
ʱ䷨򡢿ռ䷨ֻطĴݺᣬһС
սһ𣬹絶ֱӽһʥ
ʩչ˫ۻ£ſֲϢǰѹһһ߾ڵʥ࣬漫Ѫȣпᡣ
ڴڼ䣬Ҳţħ峤һڼͷѪŽЩһұն
衭
ţħʥһʮԶŨܵţëȫ

ţŭ˫Ѫ޵Լа񹦣򣬳ǰȥսӲӲ
䣡
·Ƭײһ𣬷ҫ۵Ĺâһ֮ƺҪعڻ磬Ϣ
飡
֮ţƤһ˳ڵ˼ͷƨûһ
һĻò˾ȵ°Ͳҽϡ
Ҳ̫˼ˣ
֮սʵжǿĿõģ߾ڵĹʥѿȫһ
Ȼţȴ񻰣˾ţƤһôΣʼղ˲
ʣʥҲʢѪ񷣬Ͷصۺͷ
Ȼս̫ǿˣ˵׼֮µһ˺ţʥֹȻݲȣ˸ǿš
䣡
սս⾪죬ʩչ丸Ľȭһȭϲ񷣬ʱͿռΪʥϮɱȥ
ٶ̫ˣ˶ڷ⣬ʢǻûǬܷڡ
λʥ󺧣һȭᵽϢüѿһۣһƥĽ⣬սնȥͼؾȣĶѡ

սĮһϺȣȭţ취λʥƴȫʩչ츳ֵͨ˼ȼâ
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һжͽ͵ģ
ڽȭ£ûʲôֵܵλʥȻըдžֺͲʣڷ
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ţħ峤ŭģſڷһħХǰһƬããУȫǿɷյçţ
ȥļ˶ѣη֮һ𱣻ţԵ
˵Ƕǻǧ꣬ǼǧϹŶ˵ƽδһܣǿţҲһսʤġ
ȻȴȫսУܲŭ죿
սȻǽ֮ӣҲ൱׼Ѫѣ֮Ҳδ֤
ȻսսȴԶһĵӣ̫ˡ
ѵһ
ǲǣΪ˱֤ţİȫҪƴһս
еУǵ֪籾Դ⴦Ͽ֮ڡ
˭ܵõ籾ԴϿɣ˭֤ɵۣΪһǡ
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ʩչǿ˫ֻصĵۣһǧԻצ֮ɱȥ

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ս⣬ſһХǿգһӣȺ貣ţħçţײȥ
ݿ࣬çţס챾Դݻӣֱӱɢˡ
Ӻݺײڴţħ峤ؿڣײɳȥѪ
үү
ţӶˣһеսȥͷ˫Ľâֹһɱ֡

սδ׷˫ֻǧɳֱץסͷβһӳˣ취
ۣ
ħѪɫҰףЩȡ
ƣԼҲ⵽˷ɣһ
Լǧ꣬Ȼвһǿߣɬ
һΣ׶༪ˣ
ɣ
սݣɽһħ̤ȥһɽѹ䣬Ʋɵ
ҪɱħǣҪΪķʽɱǣ߽ǵĶ־ݿǵġ
ۣ
Ѫ֣սһŽܴħ̤Ѫ࣬궼̤ˡ
ţʩɱ֣һ߳Ľâſֲķ쵶һ㣬ţħ峤ˡ
սƲ
ţױˣչţħȭһȭһ޴çţӰ̤أһսȥ
ţӰ
սбǿâȭǧţ˿ռ䣬ʱ䣬·بų棬ַ·ɲꡣ
䣡
ȭգ˲񷣬һӽçţӰɢˣţȭͷײһ
رˣΧǧ֮ڣȫΪһƬ磬·ĩյˣֲϢļ¡
飡
ģţٴαɳȥ嶼ˣէһ·ϳء
ۣ
ţһѪȻشŰ񹦣ɹսޱȵȭ·Сǿһǿÿ¡
ҾͲɱ㣡
ζûлɱţսҲЩҲסݵɱ㣬ȻоҲҪ㳹ɱ
ϣսɢµϢüķɳһһ糤ɱ
Сһֱ㺮ɱ꾪塣
꣡
һɱգһɹ⣬ţüնȥ


2044 ǰ
ϣ
ɱ֮
ʲô
ǡ
ѵ׼۱
һɱһ˶壬׷ۡ
ǴСϸܵһֹն꣬
ط·ʧˣֻһɹ㣬ΪؼΨһ
Ⲣ׼۱ǽ֮Դһն콣鹫˵ü˶սġ
ǰĵʱսģײʩչһʩչնС
֮ϾĸǴǿߣоѹס˹âؿ֤
ԣ꿪ն磬˴֮⣬ܵ
ţİȻǿն콣£»һֲ̫ˣ޷ƽ⣬Ӳֶ㲻ȥ
һ̣ţг˾Ѫ۽ǹ䣬૵ĵϴֻټˣ
һΨһϧǣûܸҶһս£ɨǿա
һжҪˣϾҪˣ磬ʡ
ţˣ֪ڽ֮ǰûһϣ
ƺѾΪ֣񹦿ԻĹһ״̬£
ն콣ֱն꣬겻棬ȻҲˡ
ˣ
ʯ䣬ն콣㴩Խ˿ռ䣬ֱָţüĶȥɱգӶӲ
ϣ
ţѾն콣üĲһʱһֻͻأĳ֣ϽָεǯסСá
һ̣һƬžʱ·ֹˡ
ҶΰӰָ֣ŵն콣ƴȴԺָֺ
ϴ󣿡
ţٺϲֵĿҶӰֹס
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Ҷͷţڴһ֮Ϊˡ
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ǰһУսն콣ȻҶָͷǯסˣֱӼжϣҲ˼ˡ
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гǺ͵ģһҧ·¶ĳ־ģ񽥽ƽ˿˿ᡣ
ѾûѡˣԴӾý֮֮ûиԼκ·
ʼռᶨţսһǣؿ֤
ҶᶼûвμӣҶЩӡ
սܾǿУƵ˵ҪȡҶ֮Ǽᶨ˽սľġ
·Լ߳ģѡҲԼѡ񣬾ǴˣҲûĻˣֻһߵڡ
Ҷ
սͺɫܵˮ
Լսǰȡ㹷
սɱȻĿڣϣǿš
ڹؼʱ̱Ҷֹûնɱţоջ
ǵ鹫棬оӣҪնɱҶţ˲ԼϺӡ
٣
ҶȻתһ˪Ȼ˵ű㸸׳γңֿѣҪɱѣﲻˡ

սЦҲҪɱҪɱ㣬ҺΣ
ҶüȻΪҲɱ㣿һֱû㣬Ϊ㸸׳˶ѣ㲻֪˵Ļ㸸Ҳס㡣

սŭҶȻ輰ĸף̡
һֱΪԼԼƾʵģǲǽ֮ûκιϵ
Ҷʵۣ֮ŭ
Ҷˣ
ð֮ӵĻⲻǻ𣿡
Ը˭ܵס
ҶǿƣսۣǷ׷ۣҶ
ǵһһƻսĶ֣ܱƻǿˡ
ղţ
ڸղţһ֮նɱʥս죬׼֮޵С
ˢ
һһ˿ʵӰڸȻɡ
ţºҲˣս޵Ļ档
֪УǺٺսսһϴˢĳ衣
ǽϣȫҶϣҶܹսΪǱ
Ҷն׼ۣսƥսȻǿҲܴﵽ׼۵ս
ԣʮ㡣
󣬰Բ졢СʺһЩ⽾Ҳϵ
һʱ䣬Ͽ˷Ƽʻ֮أܶ˸ĳЩ˿Ʋ籾Դܾܿ⴦Ͽ֮ڡ
ɱŹԭҲˡ
ˢ
С˫⣬ȻĿս
֮ǰܣСʸⲻޣǿչ·˺պΪ
Ȼȴܸ˽֮ӣܸġ
û
˭ܿóսҶ֮һսɱ⡣
һЩаϲֻҪ˴˭ʤ˭аһ
һһսԲ¶ζЦݡ
˲֪ҶʵɡСȴǷǳģδʥ֮ǰҶսʮʥһսնɱвʥǿߡ
Ȼʥǿ̫Ŵеܼңܼҵĵ̣׼ۼʥ涼նɱˡ
䣬һѾûĶ֣֮ҲС
ЩСʵĸдֱ˽֣ʸۡ
֮ӵȷǿҶвСĲࡣ
ȻˣǰǣҶڳʥ֮Ծɱ֮ǰԽսʵ
ڰǣǶҶʵ˵Ѿն׼һǿˡ
ڣΨһĵľǣҶս֮Ҫ֮ܽŭ
֮Ǹ˻̵ļһǵ֪ҶĶӣ
Ҷо۵ѪһѹƣȻԹһò̶ְֽӼ̳²ԺɨһԽ֤
ȻȴҶˣưոݣ
֮һŭԻһеǿ߲ܹѹ
䣡
ʱһ콾ͼϿУûԵ
ȻȴֱӽɱһѪˡ
Ľƻûмû˿Խ룬Ͽɣɽ롣
ԵֱΪ׼ġһĻƽ˵
ֳ콾򣬶һʱ֮壬ʲ⡣
Ȼȴûһ˿ԣڽûм֮ǰ˿Դ롣
ΨҶԣΪ棬һ޶
ǺͿȸҲͷϿɻƽĻĻֱΪҶ׼ģ˸޷ᡣ
ҶģҺ֣Ϊβ飿սʵ
̫ˣǰ
Ҷ۹һʹһֱûзĸ׵ѰңȴһֱûκϢвԤС
սеһ仰еʹʹɱ㡣
Ҿվ㹥Ƶҵķ𣿡սȻ˵˿ûнҶ
Ҷһ߾ڵĶѣղȻöָסն콣δ߶ҶսԶ
նɱҶǾ֮Ͷѡ
ҪԸӵ̬ѹҶǿ


2045 
ɽ
սԣȻս֮ˣ
ڲĴϣϰ˻ģٳ˾
ٱʤ
ҶĲʶʱ񣬱ɣ
Ǽվսߣ۷׷ףΪҶذܣŰɱ
һȺ鳣
һ仰õǻðɣ׷ͶȥɱȻĿ⡣

һЩǷ׷״ЦΪ̫ˣҹȻ̵ЩǣҶˣǵ³Իܲң
ȻһЩ콾ȴΪǾã˵ûЩνǰ鳡
ҶսĿãһ֮ƽһоԶʥص̫ңն׼ۣս˭ƥУ
֮ӵȷǿֻ콾ҶǸ⡣
ǡͷǣ
һǿ˫۷⣬Űǿͣ㤵˵
ͷǡ
һߵͷҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ϳ׷ߵͷǡ
Ȼֻǹ˸ߵʵսȴȴۣ׷Ȼ
º֪ǵѾɣֻҪʱݲ󣬾׼ۼǿ߶ɺɱ
ЩСûʶŭͷȱڻӻ͸ĶǵĻܰƷˡ
ȷ
ҶЦЦĿսƽʵ
ֱʱǲ𣬸ղս˵վﲻƾҶĿ
Ȼ
սȻ˵ɷһԼȳġ
ã
Ҷһȣϳ֣һƻӳһǧɱ֣ڵѪš
С
ΧһƬֵĿҶеɱһɾֲúܶ
ͨ
һЩʵľȻֱӱɾֲ̱ڵϣľ
Ȼɵ˶̲סһ²Ҷøǿˡ
䣡
ɱ£ѹգı
սɫ䣬Ҫӭȴ֮ǰĳŵ˿̳Դ⡣
գûг֣ǽǿһʥ⣬·һһ㣬һй
ʵϣнп಻ţƤˣҲղֻҧӲš
˲ƣ
ҶܹķС磬ҶȻôҲһԼķǲܵġ
鹫͵ǳ׾ˣĲ˼顣
ϳҶȻɳǹ㳡ɱ˵ơ
Ǵ֪ɱȻݻս˵̫˼
飡
ʯ䣬ɱ£ֱӽսķɳȥӶɱˣѪ죬Ѫģ

кõĵǷ·߬ס˲ӵѼӣɴ𾪵˫ۣĿȴһ仰Ҳ˵
鹫סԼС죬ûогǲš
Ϊ֮ӵսӦ޵еģӦǿ̬ѹҶ
ȻԤϣԴսȻҶһлˣӶˣֱһĲʵ
ôܣ
ô
ãǲŷӦ׷ۣ𾪲ѡ
еս֮ǰ̬Ӧ޵УƾҶιʯΡȻŶԡ
ȻʵȴǴƶһ߽
սȻҶһлˣⷴҲ̫ˡ
ţԸʵ
ȻʵʵԸⲻԸϣ޷ı䡣
鳣
ٴοڣһεЩǳױˣûٷ
֮Уƽ˵
Ҷûʵôն׼ۣ
ҪǣҶսķƵĻ֮ǰĲ̫ԩˡ
˾ֻԼùذʧȥǰ·
ȻǶ༸˸ԼһùĻͻú˲١
˿̣ɺͰԲǾֻ
װ
ƽܽ´ʣԴϬսӡ
ֵܣȣ
ţƽ˴Ĵָ̾˵
֮Ӳˣ
ţƤ죬һлˣ˶Ѽˡ
һЩ⽾Ӿս֮еʢ֮ʵѸ
뵽֮ǰܵɳǳټ˸ǾɳǵĳҲп۵ʱ
һЩ콾ȴΪ
СʵʵĿãǿչ·˺պǰսУúܲҡ
Ѿ֤սʵĿֲ
Ϊս̫дˣһʱشȫսĻҶδһ֡
Ǹ˭ղ˵ʲô죿ţɫƵһ⽾˵
ţƤ찡ôˣ⽾Ӳ˵ûʶԼ˵ʲô
ţһţƤҲ䣿ֻ䴵¿ƤԺ˭˵ţƤҷ
ݸʱ⽾ӲʶţǴţħ콾˵ţƤѹᷢˡ
ţƤʸ񣬴¿Ƥѵ͹ʸд
˵һϵˣһƵۣҵͷһ˸ţķ룬ò棬Щɷǵζ
ȻϤ˶֪ͷ¿߯Ƕˣ߻ԴС˿ʲôԣ͵ùˡ
һͷ¿ɾʵɲ⣬ھʥҲѷ֡
ԸŹ֣һκ˶ȺǿһЩҲˡ

˷̣ս˷ŭת޸ʥܻһ׿ףסص㣬Է߹⡣
Ҫ֤Ϊ۵ģ۵㣿
ǲС߹Ļˣ˵ϼǧꣿ
Ҷģ
սУɱȻһɱֱָҶ
Լ˵վŲҹģԹ˭
Ҷ᲻صһ£ʱսΪ֮ᣬŭӣȴһ仰Ҳ˵
Ŀ֮£϶ܣô˶أҲˣֻܹԼ̫ˣû뵽ҶĹȻǿ
һҴˣҲٸˡ
սɫ࣬ϵһԼĺǹһ
̤̤̤
̤գӲԶֱսߡ
սǹǹֱָҶ׼
ģŸƨƽ
ĽߣҶСӳųųΣƽ
ôңŶҲûСƽȻܾ
ϻǵģҶСעҪ֤ģܲǺͶִս۵ɣ
˵ôҲǸޣĻҲûҶСӵݣҪĻͱˣõŸϻ
С˵Ľߣίһ°ɣȸҲ˵
㡭ǡ
ƽ֣ǿȸĻֲҲֻÿʼ
Ƭ̺һƥɫǰŽɫƬͷ񿥷Ƿ
ҶСӣү䳡ˡ
˵꣬ƽһХһ⣬Ҷߣȴˡ
ϣ
һ֮Ҷǹսңš
ɱ֮ŷսһ


2046 
˷ԣزһɱ֮
䣡
εɱ֮ʣݺݵײһһ쫷磬Χɢ
ɱ
սһȣͦǹһ磬Ҷȥ
˻񷣬̤飬һһȴʮ½磬ɱǵأ
磬̤أֱҶŲȥ
ս֪ͨҪ֣ηƽѪѹ
޵һ֣Ѫ˿Ȼƽ
ʵ߾ڣѹƽ
ţƦŭˣһХȳ¿ݵţүŰ㣡
ֻΪ˱ҶˣģǱƢݵһͷǰţֱӳȥ
Ҳȱ㣡
ƽţһצһɱ⣬ֱսŲȥ
֮֮ƽǸƦӣͰǳֵܣһôʱ䣬ȱѧ˸߰˳ɡ
ϣ
Ҷ𶯻ǹлƣڻƽ֮ϣһۣ˫տȻǹâա
ǿʵ棬֮սʷǳǿͬ޵УʢѪ¯һ㣬ɱ顣
˵սǷɻһԴǣɨ塣
ҶǴǿչ·޵֣һ˶սնӣʥն׼ۣ½Ծ
ʥ֮󣬸ǳһŭΪѣ磬Ʋɵƽһʥص̫ңն׼ۡ
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һͷﶼ߾ڵʵúܶ˺գǱ˵սˣﶼ򲻹
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ʯ䣬ǹǹײ˻ǹķâնʱˣܲס˿ֲܡ
һɴϢҡرȥɣһӡ
Ȼš
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䣡
ؼʱ̣ҶͻȻ֣ûǹ׹䣬ͬʱӶֻȭ磬սֱ
ͬһʱ䣬սҲɿ˺ǹȭ·ҪˣǿɱҶ
˸оѧͬһͷһʱʩɱ֣δϵԷˡ
ȭֻȭ·Ƭȼյһ㣬ҫ۵Ĺâûˡ
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Ŀ֮£սҶֻȭУȭѪģ׹ɭɭ˴һ𱻻ĺɳȥ
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ս̲סһѪɫޱȣд𾪺š
ܣⲻܣ
ս˻ɫд𾪡
ţԸ
޵еģûܹսʤǴѪҲС
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ȻҶǵӣѪ֮ϡΪǿ󣿾ȻȵӻҪǿ
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ս쳤ХɢһɼΣյϢ·ȼһܴɲǸԭ޳޹սɡ
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һǿߣͬݺǿյǿ˵ϵΪɱĳͷء
𣡡
սҰް˻׹ʢӶȭƺܽضҶɱ
ҶȻ壬ȻԷδԴ似Ҳֻȭȭӭս
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䣡
Ƭط·ҪˣȭϽȭûվĴ顣
˶ںˣг𺧡
˴ս̫ˣûдﵽ߾ڵģ֮޷ᱻսನ
֤֮սʤһ·߸裬ȻĻûеڶ·ߡ
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˲϶Ժ䣬ھսƬŵе޶ӦһɿֲϢ׷׷־İ
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ȭضϴӶ֮Ծ£һǰ
׼۾ǿߵ似Դ似ν֮ս
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ΨϿɽ尲Ȼ
ԭܼ򵥣˴սܿϿȵķ»ٵ˴ɽ籾Դߡ
⣬з֣ɽܲصĵۣ˿ȫֳǲܴսĲ
ɡ
ˣ˫۷⣬ŭĵŻƽֱȥ⣬ٶȼ졣
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ƽԲѣֱ·ת˲ٶȱһߡ
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ŭĴУƴ׷ϣֲʥ
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սӣ㻹ǲޣ޵϶㶪ˡץ񣬼ƴȫҪ׷ϻƽ
ȻٶϣҲһʼ׷֮ϣֻƦ˵ںԻҡ
үȻޣʲôܳ𣿡
㡭
װܸˣһͷƷץҲûã׷ҲȻ
Χ۵ĿɿڴеսѪ쳣˵ȴ˵࣬úܶ˿Цá
ȼʥٶȶȻȽƽһ
Է߾ڵޣͬг𣬾ڵеġ
СƦȱ´Ͱһƴһתеע⣬Ҫƨƨһ죬ɽ
˵䣬˸졢޳ƨ۾ֱȥ֮㣬ȻٶٿҲܲС
Ż
ûëըˣĵˣѿ൨³
һ̣Ķˣ̫̫
ĿɿڴЦᶼЦˡ
ǺһͷƦô˼Ʒ
δ˷ӦһߵսҲֳʤսٴαҶ޵֮ǿƺɣӱ飬Ѫ


2047 ˵ʲô
ɲǼ䡣
ȫž
ʾһĽ֮ӣȻٴⴴȫҶúܶ˸е˼顣
ɡСʡԲ졢ͽʥǹЦΪȻȫǵ֮С
ǺҶ֣֪Ҷǿ
οҶͻƵ߾ڣйն׼ۺƽҵĻԻս
ǲͬ콾ǣȻҲ˵Ҷ¼֪Ҷǿ֮ӵǿĿãɳǳ࿴мӡ
ǿҶͽ֮Ӧòֲ١
Ȼ
ƽһս֮ȴȫҶѹƣǱѹŴû˿֮
ȫǵԤϣ

Ǹ𾪵Ըӣ޵еȻˡ
ŰӵսȻҶѹƵ̧ͷǾòʵ
ⲻܣ
ĺܶź뺰һ仰ɤȴǱʲôסһκ
鹫ɫҰףһŷᵽɤۣŵĶðˡ
ҸɶѺ˽֮ϣսһܣǽζһеϣա
ž
ʱԶսʥ⣬Ѫɫѿ˼㡣
û뵽ҶʵȻ˿ֲ
ֻ߾ڣȴӵп׼۵սѹƵޱȱһǿʵȴκβҶֺ
񣬼쳤ХԷйеķ
ִ̫ˣ޵е־һĴˡ
û뵽ҾȻƵֵز
սͺٶȱǣȻ׼һɨսܵƣȻ˵˵ǰȡ㹷ҵԤϣҲܸı

ǻȻѵսʲôƲɣ
뵽֮ǶʱȻˣΪ֮ӣûмɱﵲŹˡ
ֻѿ֮ô
ҶĮĿڣֱӽ̡
㡭
սûһ£ŭɶ
֮ǰΪԼ̫ˣҶ˿ɳ֮һлˣɨء
Ϊȭ棬ǿƴҶ
û뵽ҶսȻǿѹƵôǱɳȥ
˿̣һֶλɱҶȴҶˣ
ڴˣбȡ
Ҷһȷѣ̫θ֣ʥԣһѵĴۣǿգȭǰɱ
ѪǣҲ
ս쳤Х̣ҰޣͷڷҲǰɱ
֤·ߣǿǿնУЦ
ǿ߲κս
䣡
ٴײһƬһֻϢ˾㤡
һֲĴʣκʿ˵µġ
ԼһΪؼ䣬սᡣ
ΪǿԻʱ򣬶ͬΣգؼΪص
ب񣬾ݺĴۣҲ⻯⡣
飡
Ҷʩչɱɢ֣һƽսķɣһѵı
սĽȭҲҶ磬ѪУҶѪģĴȻͷˡ
⣬չ׷ǲһɹ⣬׷ȥɱɢ֣ɽӴӡ깲ʥ
նˣ

սХչֶΣնɱ׼һǿߡ
ȻȴԾɱҶѹƵûƢЧҶ̫μޱȣ޷ơ
֮ǰܹ˵ҶƵһ˲䣬ŵֵġ
ҶѪغ¯ֲľս
ǣҶɺԣսڣɱ۷״̬Ԥеһ˿
Ҫң
սڷ裬ǳڻ̮Ǻӱ顣
ŭ񣬲ƴ۵ȼձԴǿսɢһɼΣյϢ
òƴû˿ᣬҶսֲ̫ˣԤϡ
ɱ
ȼսǼֲģӲս׼۾磬û׼۷֮⣬ƻ˿׼ۡ
һսҶһָǿգķڷ
Ҫ𣿡
ս¶̵Цݣţ˿̵Լ޵еģһ׼ۣҲն
Ըٵ籾ԴǾڴһս
Ҷν˵籾Դ˵пޣǳҪ
ৣ
սɫ䣬籾Դ־ڱصãڴսлٵĻԵòʧ
㣡
˵꣬սٻغǹһֱӴԭʧһ㣬ǿա
䣡
ʥϢսһƬ嫵սֳ
ৣ
ҶһԲ̧һУǹһ⣬С
ţӰһһ⣬ͻʣս
ߣҲȥ
ڳʥǿߣȻйսʸ񣬷׷⡣
ʱһսȴ˴۾
һֱܵĻƽͻȻͣһЦĵȳ¿ĩյˣԹԹ˳һ㲻̼ҷ𡣡
ʴʣ
ǻƽٶȾͱһߣ׷ǲ¼ٵĲ׷˴Ҳ׷ϣСƦӸһѣŭ
˿̣ƽͻȻͣʱϲĵҲܲʱ򰡣
Ȼаϲ׼ɱƽ侫ԪʱСƦͻȻһУֵǣ֣
ţ
һȻоɱϮǺͿȸһһ
ǡ
ʱΪ֣һȸ㲻ټϻƽĻ׶༪١
Զʤ٣ʲôӢۣбµü˵
ϧļ԰ǸЧ˿ȸ΢ü֮⣬ǺƦԶʤʲô˵ġ
䡭
³ʮ˸˴죬ʮֱӽм䣬󣬺ͻƽȸ֣Ű
ȭ
ƽӶɫȭͷһ۴۴һƬࡣ
ŭҪֱһºݵģϽһٹ⣬콣նβ㽫βն
漴ȸ֣һ쵶գնϣʱѪ֡
ʵǿǿ޵Χ£ʮж֧š

ϣһµӣ˵
ү
һ仰ȴƵƵⴴ˵ʱ䶼Ƿˡ
Ѫ˫гҲԵֵ޵ֺɱ˿̻ڣѪ죬ޱȡ
һЩûиʿĿɿڴһ亹ΪΣյ
̫Ʒˣ̫ûˣ̫ûнڲˣֻɫûǣ͵űŰɡ
ͬʱ
սϣս죬ȼͱԴսսƥͶ񷣬죬Ƶ
Ҷսȭʥɱɱɢֻ֡ȭʩչƽս
顭
Ҷʩչֻȭ嫵Ũ棬ͬһ㣬ȭȭ⣬мѪ
Χ۵˴ҲҴȫˣҶ̫ˣֱ۸ѹһж֡
ֻ߾ڣôôǿ
鹫ɫҰף촽ϲεľֺ;
ʧˣ
鹫𾪣вʣҲаûڣζͷ
֪Ҷս˿ֲĻԲѡս
һ
µ˵ʲôˣ




2048 ʮ
һ콾֮սҶŰС
һĻˣܶ콾Ŀɿڴš
ΨɺͰԲɫС˫۱ǿâҶŰսԶֻˬ
ºаζӳ£Ϊӣȴֱ𣬻ҪˣǾԼӵݡ
ΣƱǿȻʣҲֻĬʵ
ҶǸǿ㲻ǴӣѪѵȴƾԼŬ۷塣
һУҶ޿֣һǿߣ׼۾磬ҲԲĶ֡
һҶĶ֣ѾһǿߣһУҲû˹ʸĶ֡
ò˵һǺܶ콾ıѹƣû˿Ļᡣ
ǿ£ҶһۣѰеǻԣɺԣһδεĽսķɣ죬֪˶ٸ
ý֮ӣǿǿȴ˵򣬺޻֮ɱ
Ȼȴû֮ͬǰֵ̫ߵˣ˵ķС
˿̣ܶ˰ͲŰɱһɱİ
飡
սٴαҶһƳɣѣһѪޱȡ

սУͷڷƷпݲݰ趯һתķѱԴ޸塣
شıԴѺۣղȼձԴ̫࣬Ѿûмʱˡ
صʶˣ˴룬ЩҶ깲ˡ
ҰˣҾȻˣһСɫһͷޣҪһͼʤ
Ҳʰսʹ˻
ˣ֤·ϣҶģ
ݷ꣬ò׵ȵһȴΪ֤·ϵһ羰ܸģ
ҲѸĽҶƽͨƸַʥ͵ۣٷˡ

սЦ۽Ѫᡣ
ٿȻֹһɨ֮ǰƣ˵ľǻһˡ
һ̣ԡһâһɱۿ
˶ܿ壬ѤöĿâһһصۣ
𣿡˶㤡
˿ս˫ֻһѲĺۼйŹֵڣȻ׼Ϣɢˡ
ҶҲǹңָսɱϯս
ˣ
սгһɫħУɢſֲ·һ׼ݷһ
ɣ
սɫѪ¶֮ɫ
ʧܣΪֻҪɱҶϵ£赲֤ĽŲ
ΪˣϧýرҲҪɱҶ֤Լǿġ
䣡
ħУһƾֲսƺܲסֲֿѹ
˻
˶ܵһѹ̲סһæȥ
׼۵ѹ
˶㤣²⣬ѵ֮ԼһƷӡħ֮Уսİȫɣ
һƻƽ⣬˭ܵס֮һƷѹ
ö֣ͷųһ׼Ϣ¾ô˳ܲ˰ɣ
ˢ
ˢ
ˢ

ɻĿУССħʮâҶ֮䡣
ǾȻǡʮ߹ʬ
ʮ߹ʬμΪϣƤŹͷɿݵľһ㣬˫ۿնͷĿݲݣڷҡҷ
𺧵ǣʮ߹ʬÿһ߶ɢһ׼۵ѹʮߺһ׼ѹϯǿգ·һ׼ۡ
ɱ𣿡
˾ƣҲסȻᱻɱ
ҶС֣ܱƵҶʮ١սһͷҰޣ񶾣˵⡣
֮ǰֽɱﵣħзӡʮʬǰ׼۶ǿߣǿɱ֮󣬻ٵ꣬ǣ˿ܡ
ȻʧȥĿʵѾ׼۶ʵȴԾ׼۵ټϲд׼۷򣬲˵׼ۣʵ൱ڰ벽׼ۡ
ֲǣǵ൱׼۶죬ޱȣ׼۱Ի
ֿû꣬ûʶûи飬ûʹû˼룬ȫΪɱ¾ɱ¾
֮Ϊȡʮһ׼ۣڲ׼۷£Ҳɾɱ˵׼֮µʥˣַӱɺɱɻҡ
ֲǣʮ벽׼ۼĿܣս죬һԽ󹥻ʮӵ£൱׼һǿߵȫһĨɱһж֡
սɱﵣǱҶƵɽˮĵزᶯá
Ϊ籾Դ̡
籾Դģ߾ʥҲ߾۷ľʥѣһ˴ﵽ׼۾
£ʮһ˭棿
ʮ벽׼ۼܣɢѹƬսˣܲסֲֿϢ
˸ȻϵĺˣٺˣԱܿǾֲѹ
һĻǶʱһ¶ظЦݡ
Ǿã֮ȫԷ̣Ҷǿɱ
ʣ˭ܵסʮ벽׼۵ֹɱҶֻʱˡ
ͬʱҲսĵ֮ۺ˴ɱȫԺɨʥ
Ѿû赲սĽŲˣһؽɵۡ
鹫һֱŵķҲ¶ζЦݡ
ʹ˵뷨һµģҶڽӡ
ʵǿʲôã߾׼ȫһΣǰ벽׼ۣҲŰɱ
콾ҲҶ׶༪ˣ޽֮޳ܣȻĴɱ籾Դ˭ù
ɺͰԲ졢СҲҶˣʮ벽׼ۣƬŵУɺɨһУ˿ɵ
ʥǵĽʥͰ򲻶Цһֻӡ
֪Ҷ籾ԴҲûʲô£ǴȫǴ͵ġ
˭ջԵõ֤ʸǲġ
Ҷն׼۵飬Ѵ䣬Щ콾ǻǾãһ١
ն׼һ£ʮ벽׼һ£ʮ߹ʬǿܣûи飬ûʹ⻹ô
ΨһĵľºţˣԼһЩš
֪Ҷʵжֲһ׼۶ס
սڣҶûжùֲֿһֱ֮Ӹֲڣͱɱˡ
ɱ
ܵ˾Ŀ⣬սΪ⣬һ˿׺ݱĹâֱӲʮ벽׼ۼĿܣҶɱȥ


2049 
ŵУ޲֪˿Ҷڷشݲ
ΣŰС
ɣҽϵҫ
ޱţɱУǾԵףȻǴɱ󣬵ԸһƥǴ´ࡣ
ɣͳԿ
ǹһأٲһ㣬ս
ɣͷȱ´ð̵Ķҽˡ
ۻʵʥޣȻ䵽ֵزײǽˡ
ǲú
ƢǿҪ⣬һὫǵնɱģʱ򣬾ǵĩյˡ
ѽĥɽˣȻҸݣŲھͿ㣿
˵ֱ꣬ӼϽ޷ŴһƬѹ䣬ֱӽ档

һ죬ϽĳһԵӡȻı棬ء
ء
һͻƽȸһ֣Դȵʼ
ϽΪǷӡٵƣȿֲ٣޵£׼ʱòҽ
ȻǵۻʵʵֲǺͻƽԶƷⲻ˳Ա
οһʵĿȸڣһʱ䣬ޱȣȻζƮ챻ˡ

ս
ÿһ˶ë벽׼ۣÿһʾѣžޣʵǿ
ʮɺɨ磬׻ٵһԴǡ
ȻѾȥ겻ڣ׼۷ҲɢսɾˣǳǿûʹкѶԸ
ھ󲿷˿ҶˣȻôʵ죬Ҳѿʮ벽׼۵Χɱֻʱˡ
䣡
ʮ벽׼ۼܣһ֣˲佫սˣҵĺâǳʯ׷ױը̻財
ˢ
Ҷ羵ˮһ㣬·Ƭʱգض
飡
һɱͻأĳ֣Ю֮ݺݽһ벽׼ۼķɳȥ
ƤҶͣǿǰ벽׼ۼĿܰȻʧȥ׼۷򣬲ǰսҲնɱ߾ʥ
ȻҶȴȫȻ·磬͵һͿʮ벽׼ۼܵΧࡣ
ЩԭΪҶڽӵ콾ϻġ
ЩνǸ类߬ס˲һ㣬ֻܷĿ
ôܣ
𾪵ԸӣģҲ
սǿɱﵶʹˣӦɨһж֡
Ȼû뵽ǣҶȻǿʮ벽׼ۼܶκβ
鹫ɷף˫ֽһ𣬹ǽס
Ҷս󳬳ԤϣǿҵĲԤУһͷ
ֶô
ҶĮչ׷ǲ紩Խռһ㣬ʮ벽׼ۼ֮࣬һȭһƣ벽׼ۼɡ
ӵ׼ۼ̲ݣͱҶ񱩵ȭ䱬ˡ
ˣһĻҲսɫ԰ס
ıסˣʮ벽׼ۼܰ
ǿɲʮֻ׸ÿһоսɻɱ߾۷ľʥ
ʮ벽׼ۼҲû˿ᣬȻᱻɱ
ȻҶȴûһ侲־塣
ҵģ
սݣո״ڵĿھֳʮʶܣǽɿֲɱ󣬱˴֮໥ս˲䱩
ˣ
һɾƱϯ񷣬ǿ𶯣޾ܸӦǿҵĲ
䣡
ʮ벽׼ۼܷ·ǰʵһ㣬׼۷ƣһҶȥ£ʮա
ۣ
ѪĽҶѪɳȥ屻ã⵽ش
ڹؼʱɼײƬסʶ´˿Ѳ
ʮ벽׼ۼܣһɱ󣬾Ȼÿֲ˹̼شҶ
һĻĿ࣬ɵðһ亹
⻹ô
ʮ벽׼ۼһԿԺɱһУ׼۾磬޷⡣
ҶⴴЩǣ
һ̣˶üڽ֮ӵĵֲ֮
콾Ǹ类ˮඥֽű䡣
෴Ƿ׷һ¶ϲɫĿűʮ벽׼ۼΧмҶ
ǿҶעһˡ
شʲôͽ֮ӿ⣿Ȼᱻ̵ķʽɱ
٣վһ
鹫Цտһ˫зʣճյؿħһսԼĳݺͰĽ
ͬʱսǿһ߼ˣһ߹עɱеҶ
ʮ벽׼ۼܣÿһһ꣬൱۾ϴյɱеһС
Ҷشޱȣʱ˷۷̹⡣

սЦһɨ֮ǰҶǿƱƣŵ˵ҶС֣վļգ
ģ㲻įģ
սɫ񶾵ĵɱ֮һὫҲɱһ·໥֮ҲиҶʴȣã
Ŷˣ
˵սһţֻ޾Ͳˣһշǵģʶʱ񣬳ңһϵҫ򣬼ޣҲɱ󣡡
ͷɶǣһὫƤƤЬ棬ػ˵أ
˿֪ղǷͰǶ˵֮ͬ
ƥȴЩң챻ٵ׹ˡ
սŵĻº˷׷׶ŭȻȴ
ȻΪӣѪ֮˫κһʱ˻ģɨ磬һ·ս׼ȥ
ȻĴʱУѪҲûãЩ
С΢΢üЩ
Ȼսʵǿֲģûʮ벽׼ۼܣҲһһˣǿµһ
ƿʮ벽׼ۼܣ˭Ƕ֣
ɱĻעѪɺӣж˻̫ܿ˵ˡ
Ȼʿѽ֮⣬ܻţ˭Ըȥ
һЩ޾µĻʯϹŶҲҪ뷽跨ӳԼԪοǣ
û˲ϧԼ·ҪĴֵܼ·ϣ𻯳Ҳ˵

Ҷ𣬳ױˡ
սԸԼ֮ȻڻԹսʲôֶζԸ޻˵
ȻսȴҪɱѣⴥҶۣŭɶ
һ̣ɱģ
ս
䣡
Ҷ·ȼһɼΣյϢ𲻶ѭݡ
˲
Ҷоת޸˵壬ս
ϣ
һǹǹһһ̫Բƣֱӱˡ
ɱ
Ҷޱȣһǹ죬ǹ⴦һѹֱ֣һܴȥ
飡
ѹţֱӴһܵڣʱ񱩣类ȼĻҩͰֱӱը
䣡
Ӧʱ䶼ûУֱӱҶһǹ䱬ˡ
ʱ䣬ȫž


2050 ҲҪ㣡
սһƬţ
˶û뵽ҶشۿҪɱˣȴͻȻֱӴһܣ
ɵúã
˾㵵ʱһʱ˵˼ž
ţ
һţǿյçţ𣬽˴˻
ͬʱҲҶһѣ
ҶȻ򣬾Ȼ깥
ûʶģȴҪǵǵʶʹָĲݣӳֲս
Ȼȴһı׶ˣǾĹϾ벽׼ۼȻսǿ޾ʹˣȴ̰塣
ֻҪǵ꣬ضսǵĿƣ벽׼ۼܽơ
뵽ʩΪ깲ҡɱ֮
ɱ𡭡
һ깲кçţǿ絶ľ벽׼ۼܡ

սһҽУ˫ֱԴǿвϷһſȫŤˡ
Ϊʮʶ֮УµľĹ
Ҷܷ̣Ȼ깥ҲͻƲ׼ۼǵķ
ȻԤϵǣҶʵȻǣȫڰ벽׼ۼ֮ϣǿһӱ㹥˿ܵʶֱӺʶϡ

սͷҽУüѿһƺѪ⵽شЩѣʮʶȫҶĨɱˣ⵽ǰδеش
ۣ
ҶӶǹݣ縩ӲĴۣһһֳ֣翳вһ㣬ʣµľ벽׼ۼȫ򱬣֫ϱƮţɢҵϢ
С
ΧһƬ㽫յٴγɡ
˶״ĿսĵҶĿ⣬·ڿһۡ
û
Ǵۣ
˴֮⣬˭˿ֲս˾ϵĵǣֶΣ
Ѫԣ
Ҷޱ飬һսȥÿһ޶Ľ̤࣬˵·Ľࡣ

鹫Ŀͣʧǵôôô
⡭
Ҳױˣһͳϴ¸ȭͷ
ƻʧ˻һ㣬սвҰܣԭΪսǿˡ
û뵽Ҷĳ֣׵߸֪
ֱڣͻȻˣʲôǿǿ֣ʲôˣ죡
ˣˣ
ҶһǣǶˣҴס
ʱԵһѡĻᣬǾԲѡս
ֻǣ˵ʲô̫ˣ
սŰ
ţŵĴЦĴţүվɱţү
һȺԣţ̫ˣʱ˵⻰ⲻǸս˿
Ȼȴ˵ʲô
֮ǰǲҲһΪҶ
ֻǣǲҶɱս
սϾǽ֮ӣ֮ǿ֪ҶɱսԼҲɡ
ʱսҲֹͣ˷վɱȻһԼӽҶпһܵ˿־ζ
㡭ʲô
սɫ󣬲ϵˣǿ򾲵ĺȵҶģҾ㣬ɱңɣ
ľ棬Ҷţǹɱ纣Хһ㣬ϯǿգâһʼղսüĺࡢʺ㡣
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ

ҶǹŲᶨսȽƵϵˡ
Ҫ
սɫޱȣΪ֮ӣȱˣ˱ȹ
ǿиɣǿ򶨵ĺȵҶģɱңӵκһ䣬ҸҲɱʮ壡
ȲѣֻðԼĸѹҶ򣬽ڽӡ
ΪҶУϣһıʯĺˣҶɱ
ԣò̧Լף֮Ҷϣӹһ١
ĵҲڰģֻҪӹһ٣õ籾Դ˵֮һҪø׳ɽҶǿɱԱ֮ܡ
˿ûʶҶͲн鷢
ڸղţ緢ҪҶأɱҶѡ
ǣƬ̣ƱʹתߺҶսȻֲ˹벽׼ۼܶס
Щ˾֪ԼԭֻһζԹˡ
ղžӦóʤ׷ֱӽҶɱӦø˿Ϣ֮
ǺǣʱȻ㸸ѹң
ҶĮĿڣԭֻһĽѵ㲻ҪɱңҪݶɱҵֵܺѣһζϧ
˵䣬ҶŲͣԾɼᶨޱȵƽеɱʢ
ɱҲˣս
תһϿҵĵŹңұ֤鷳
ˣ
Ҷ˿ΪĮĵ죬ҲҪ㣡
㡭
սŭһȥɣ
˵䣬սͻȻһɫħУǳֱֲӽҶ˽ȥ
ž
սеĺ˲ˣһϢ

սЦҶģɣҽѣȻҸéӣѹһ֤֮꣬ٽųҵĶ֣

ٴηת˶ٴα𾪣սеħУ
ˣ
˿ǵɽһ㣬һ±ȵףһֱӵۣǵ˾޴Ĵ̼
Ƕǿʿ¾ѳĴ̼
һжѾ䶨Ҷħ֮Уɡ
㲻ҲԳˡ

ţ۾ʱͺˣһ˫ţǻ쵶սնȥͬʱһڹ⣬ȥҪȡħУҶ
ºҲˣ֪УҲҶ¡
󵨣

鹫͵һƻͬʱȣţºӭȥǴŵս
䣡
ţ鹫Ӳƴһǣа񹦣һˣִһ棬սֱ۴ȥ
֪ҪսüǲܵģȻ֮ǰҶشҲսʤġ
ֻϣܴսеħУҶ
ºλҲ͵һƻˣѣǺӱ顣
˿̣ţޣΪλûڵĻԿԽħ
飡
սеʱһͻȻսѣֵĿеħС
ֻħϾȻһѺۡ
ʱ䣬˶ֵͣĿսеħС
꣡
ǲ֪ʲôʶħУޱȣпռ䣬ʮ벽׼ۼܶɴ룬˿ȴһѺۡ
飡
һ촫ħϵѺ۸ˣ·һӵĴһʱпѡ
ȥɣ
սдŷ֮ɫֱƿռ䣬ħжδռУ󽫿ռѷպϣҶŵδռȥ
ˣ
ܶͬҶֱӱۣٿ
ûδռ䣬ͬٻˡ




2051 ѣˣ
Ӹƴˣ
ţŭүүˡԼĿеĴ磬ȫǰ˵Уʧȥǣֱӽ˫Բ䵶սɱȥ
Ȼ鹫ȴס˫۵Ѫȴǰһ
鹫ս̫ǿȴ೤־ãţȻҲڶʱͻķߡ

սٴηЦ£ۣҾ죬˳߲
ûжһζЦݿս
Ҷνδռ䣬򶼰ȻȻ̣Ϊδռס
СЦֹսǸڣÿοЦҶķˡ
ڴڴҶǿɱΪҶлǹƿռ䣬ҩ׷棬д˵ˣܱ
Ȼսδ䣬ͻȻѿҶɷĴглǹֱӶš
ۣ
ѪɽսȻֹ˼ĻͷҶƽĮʱĵ㺮
ҶҶ֣嶯лսɢһҲҶС߬ڶԷء
Ҷ
ϴ󣿡
ºţͬʱ֣ͣ˼ĿһǹսҶ
鹫䣬ڵ𾪺Ϳɬ
Ҳɵˣ飬תҲ̫ͻȻ˰ɣ⧲
ƻɫ䣬Ҷ֣ҲûдȥıҪˣһҶǺϣ¾Ҳ
ԣ
ҶĮĿڣŲ˿顣
ৣ
սɫұ䣬ܵҶɱľģġвûãǸӲԡβ
ޣԼ˿ֲĶ֣ⲻԾĹ
ĸǺǿɺɨ磬ԶˮȲ˽˿ڵϦ
Ҷ֣˵ǲûʲôԻĳޣͬһˣȫѡ
Ĵ̼£ʲôȫ˲ˣսĶ࣬˵ԼŵĹȴͼҶš
˵ţеʱѡ
ûϵ
ҶмĿţΣѹͷηǿУͦСյֵ
ĵеʱģҵ˵ʲô
Ҷ֣ʱֵ֣ȥã
սɲЩܶһͶһϣƪϲ
˵𣿡
ҶЦ

սʱҶûȥ˵ˡ
˵Ϳ·ˣҶ˵
սֵĺУһθоԼ֮
飡
Ŀ֮£Ҷһǹսʱķѣɢ

ս꾪ֲҽУЮżξѪӵԶɫѿ˼㡣
ҶģȻһᣬɱǲܵġս˵ɭޱȡ
𣿡
ҶĮ˵ûҵͬ⣬Ҳȥˣ
飡
˵䣬Ҷ紩Խռһ㣬ֱӳսǰǹٴδ̴üģ㽫ˡ

ս׿־ˣоҶǲɱè׽һڶ棬һˣڵˡ
оޱȵıԼһ֮ӣ߾۷ľʥȻһ߾ڵҶĿ֮£ˡ
һμĶˣһ˵ıԴ޵ģȻôΣҪ
ʱսһЩʹȥ
ΪԶǺͻƽȸΣˡ
ֻ࣬Ѫ죬ޱȣһȻȳˣʵȳ¿
ò˵ǿϽ˺ܾҲû
ˣ޳շĸ䣬һͷɢҷ
٣Ǹ鳣ȳ¿ˣǺܲĳս˵
ɤźܴսΧ۵ȫˣɵþ֡
ս˸շˣ֮ģҲ̫׳˰ɣ
ۣ
սֱѪһ
ԲˣҲˡѹƵһƢҲûУֻ˵
ʲô
˼ʯٴα𾪡
ʲô޾ȻĽշˣ̫˼ˡ
Ҫ֪רڵۻʵѵã֮۶δѰõѱ˵;ˡ
һ̣˿ǵ񶼱ˡ
ޣֱ̫ǿˣ
ɣ
Ϊҹζ࣬Ҷֱɱ֣սɱƺʱˡ
飡
ɱɢĳһɱͻأĳֱ֣ӽսٴˣѪ
һΣҶûٸĻᣬֱӶ֣ѹ¡
ͬʱ깲絶սꡣ

սĴУȴš
飡
£ս˲䱬飬ĥ˴󲿷ֻ֣ʣһСӹһ١
䣡
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ͨ
һ̣ܶ˶̲סܲסֲѹ
ʣӰ֮ǰսİ벽׼ۼҪǿ̫ˣ߸ûȣ
ңüսǳ
ʣӰȻսĸףɽ֮ɡ
Ϊ˱ӣӵͶӰΣʱ֣νǴĻǣ
ˣ
ͶӰִһƬ⣬ֱӸսؾ꣬
תޱȣɭĵҵĶӣ
һŴգգҶѹ䣬·һƬѹһ㡣
˽Ծû뵽ɽ֮쾹Ȼ˻̣Ķ֮ǰ㽫Ҷɱûг֣ѣˣֱǿҪɱҶ
ȻĻֻиһ¶ѣû˸˵
Ǻº˾ޱȣҪΪҶֵѹ
ȻԼѱˣ˵ΪҶֵѹˣ޷
һ̣˶ΪҶˡ
һܻ֮
Ҷֳֻǹǿܱվˣȴȫãоһһ㡣
ɱһҪɱ
ս׸ԭɫޱȵ˵֮ǰĳֵȫ֮Ժˡ
һ̣鹫оеӢۺȻ׿սʲôˡ
Ӣֻۣһ޳С˶ѡ
ȻȴԼһСˣг˿ɬ
ǲǾǳ˵ܣ
鹫Ц
ֻҪҶˣȻԺս˫˫ܣΪĽɾ¡
ȻѾѡˣû·ֻܼȥδ׽ˡ
ѣˣ
ɽּ֮ѹʱͶӰͻȻӵһƻüķɳĳһƣҶɱ֮
Ҫô
ɽ֮ͶӰɫѿĮĿϵͶӰɱȻ˵
һͶӰѣΪˣ
ӰƷνɽ֮Χм䣬ϢҶӰ졣
£
һϵӰҶ¶˺ƵЦݣڣû˻㡣


2052 ɱ֮
һ˽Ծ
˭Ҳû뵽ڹؼʱ̣ȻͶӰÿһӰ׼۵ѹǿһͿ
ҪǣͶӰֹҶ
ɺСʡԲ˷׷׺棬ɢ׼۲ͶӰǺҲ
ͬǽʥǽԶ˵ɻʵϣȻϲҶȴҲսõ籾Դ֤
ҶȻս죬ôɱֻҪȥһжల¡
Ȼ֮սȴͬխϲŭ޳֤Ǻܶ˵ѡ
ҲƣԭΪҶڽˣû뵽·תıʡ
º򼤶ѣҶսҲƱػᱻսūŰԸ⿴ġ
콾ǳɵۣ׷ײ²ͶӰݡ
ʣܺɽ֮ͶӰƴʵ϶׼İ
ʲôʱ׼˲ֵǮˣ
˵ɻ󣬵ȫˡ
鹫ңʧȥ˹ʣ촽ȴ˵һĻ
ˣ׵ľˣ
ͶӰʿ˲֪˲ǿߣʵĻʯѾǧ겻ˡ
λȻΪһҶȫͶӰԻԿɽ֮ͶӰڰҶ
һͶӰȻ˵ҶԼ£ŵûܴ
ǲζţƫ̻ҶΪһǣâɵսĶѡ
ˣȫˣ
鹫ױˣʯ۹Ǻεĸףɳ֮ʯеһյġ
Ȼĸף뾪һʯȵ컹ѣڣΪҶȻζʲô
鹫ˣ䣬о·𱻳ȥ꣬һʬ⡣
Ϊ۹ӽӭֺսû뵽վĽ
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ʵϣҶҲܲ죬Ҳû뵽Ȼǿ׼ͶӰɱ֮
Ҷ¹ϣˮ֮ˣȻ׼ͶӰǣɽ֮ĺ֮ǣȻ
ɽ֮ˣĶսŰ裬ʢˣ
һΣҪɽ֮棬նĶӣĿţȴΪ
һˣҶһս

Եİ
һˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿƣȻҪ丸棬նɱսⲻϻͷĲӬ
ҲױҶǧӵסˣˣ˭ˣ
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ս𾪡־壬ŭ֪롭ٰζͷ
һֱǿɱˣ˭С
Ȼ˿溦ˣҶУ˹ɱ⣬ȻڴˣҲѱ
죬ҲҪ㣡
սͻȻҶ˵һ仰ʱҶֻ˵˵ѣҵ׵棬նɱ
־壬ռģսֵ׿ȥУ׾ңҲ
û
Ǵ˿˶ۡ
ս˵Ŀеĵλ˲䱩һֱˣʲôʸ̤Ͼпĵ·
еĻѣϧʺͲ飬Ȼ˿̲Ҷ֣֮Ҳػᵹ֤·ϣΪ˵Ƕĵʯ
ҶСҶҶһëұʮ壬Ǻйصģȫɱɽ֮Ͼֻ÷ųݻҶ
ȻȴҶԺͼᶨ˵ֻһͶӰȻҶҲҵΨһ
ԭֻһսۣԣ
Ҷ֣Ҫ嶯
ҶӣҪ˼
ºͬʱڣȰҶҪ£һɽ֮ŭؽѪɺӣȻǵ壬е۱壬ҲԶͽ֮ͻ
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ţʲôƴ̣֮ʲô˲ģҾͲ޵С
ⱲӣвңҲУ
Ҷ۾һɾɱĮ˵죬Ҿ͵棬ն֮ӡ
ϣϳһȭһǰƣսȥ
ȫˣҶҵɽ֮棬նɱսһҲ֮ӡ
ҶС֣ҸƴˣսչȭضӭҶ
˿̣ҲȥˣΪţи׵ͶӰڣҶɱ
䣡
նʱ飬ҡ𣬷·һ㣬ضҪع硣
ܿ죬ӻâгһˣãѪ죬㱻ˡ
ս

ɽ֮һӶҶȥҪɱΪӱ
ȻעܵóѣͶӰеһȻ֣ĹΡ
֪ߵغģҪң
ɭĿڣһͷޣɱǺӡ
ѣﲻҰĵط
ֵϵͶӰ侲ž˵
ҶұؽѪϴ򡣡
ɽ֮ݣϧѪϴвҲҪסӵ
ˣ½֮ء
ϵӰҲŭˣ˵Ϊû㣬Ϊŭؽ𡣡
ǶԻʱҶս֮Ĵսٴα
Ҷɱɢֺȭ߱ǹرʥ깲׷ǲɱս·š
飡
ɱ£ֱӽսĵ÷飬Ψ꾪ߣͼԼ׿£Ѱӻ
Сң
ɽ֮ŭӣû뵽ҶȻҵ棬ɱӣʱŭ
˵ˣ죬Ҳ
Ҷݣɽ֮Ҷ޾ɫұɱκѰ·Ҫɱңɱѣұɱ֮
׾ҡ
ս꾪̴Уƴ׿£ȴû뵽ٶȾȻûҶ졣
Ҷبɽ֮֮䣬깲Щɢˡ

˿̣ս׺ˣ˭ãƫƫһɱĸ׶岻ס
ն
Ҷһսʧ
ץסᣬüѿһɵӡӭ籩ǣֱӴսѹ
վûܶȥ
սڳ׻ҷ֮ʱ˻ں޵Ҵˡ

׶ӻҷɽ֮˷ŭ֪ȻΪͨ죬Ҳսˣһϣȫսɢ
䣡
ŭ֣ҪҶɱйͷ֮ޡֲ׼Ϣʮ
ڣóѣ
Ӱͬʱ֣סɽ֮صһ
ʱǵҲ֧ţ׷׵󳹵ʧ
ʧ֮ǰɽ֮ºݻҶϣ뿪֮գ֮ʱ
䣬ͶӰҲʧ


2053 ɶ
Ҷ뿪֮գ֮ʱ
ɽ֮ͶӰѲڣ仰ȴ˶߻صþòɢ
Ҷˣ
˶ΪҶˣ˽֮ɡ
죬ܹõ籾ԴҲ⣬⡣
̫֮ǿˣһܽޱ߷ƣ
ľ֣ش֮
̫ԸˣҵŽ֮նӣҲȲ
һЩ콾˷׷ΪҶеϧΪҶâ̫¶ˡ
䣬ۣ
Ҷ̫躹ޣ̣ǿǿѣȴܳ־á
ȻҲЩֻҶڳû˵
Խ֮вҶ΢΢üڡ
һΣҲһᵱŽ֮棬ս
䣡
ͻȻһϢ
ŵеǸϿзĲĪǽƼˣ
ʿ̲˹ϢԴɵþһŵطȥ
еһ˶Ҳ̷Ӧչŵؽ䣬ҪռȻ籾Դ
ɺСʡԲٶȵһգۼ㳬ԽˣһϿȵڡ
Ҷż֪ƲһӾȫʧȻһ̡
ǵüźͱ
ң籾ԴȻʶģǵòϿɣȥҲûá
ϴҲɣ
ţҶ˵
˿̣Ҳû˿ɣɲҪ籾ԴҲҪ׷ҶߣֺԥҳϣҶжѡ
ҶСӣǸշһôɣ
ƨƨߵĴֺõҡβҶ·һֻ͹һôЦǺʥͷֵ
ţһ
Ҷ޵
û뵽ǾȻܽۻרշ˵Ǹ֮ϲ
ɫɥõ˶Ҷնˣʬ޴棬˵ʲô
ԼûȴҪ֤ԼΪ϶ϻʲôֵ
ʵϣҲʼϣҶǵˣӵ˵ˣؿ֤
Ȼ
ȴѹԼϵǵأҶҲĸ䣬޷ѡ
Ҷϲ
ºҲӭҶʾףأͬʱ˵Լĵǣɽ֮
ˮڣ
ҶƣĵѾˣҩûضȥһΣһǻնġ
дѣֿɽһã
ԥº˾ȫ֧Ҷ
˻ӡҲɽ㡣ţҲ̬ȡ
һģǶҶǶ֮ˣؿ֤ɹˣ彫ԻͣʧˣҲʹһ겻
ллˣһҪ
ҶлԼֵܣȻˣҪ۱ĻҲ
գҶĴ£޺ţºˣһŵиȥ
ô£޷룿
Ͽڣۼ˴ˣһü
֮ȷڼҲҪʧˣȴԾɺѴ롣
֮ǰ˲аҪǿ֮ǰûԵ
Ȼһ⣬ȫĽɱ»ΪѪ궼ûӳ
ˢ
ղҶһ˴սֱϿȥ
˿̣ϿΪ˶ռһλãڽƳʧ֮󣬵һ룬ռȻ
ȻҶ̲סΪÿһ·ʹҶһ˿˳Ͽȵڡ
һ־ηҲʵʹȻ
ڵŽ֮նɱս֮˶Ҷ˳Σ֮У򲻿ǡ
ʣ֮ںҵɱĶӣм˸мʵ
ң˶ΪҶעһһ֮ΣյģѾûʲôںˡ
ʱҶɱǲԩء
ԣҶһһ·Ȼûκ谭ֱϿڴ
ڳƵҲԽԽСȻ̻վʧһ̡
ڼ䣬½аͲסʿͼǿȻȴһȫ
֮߰Щ˲ʵĬĬصȴš
ʱҶɽȥԿɽɱʥš
𣿡
̫Ըˣ
籾Դ֮ڣ

ҶϿȥһЩʿ̲ס䳰ȷΪҶʵܿͻԴģȻг׼۵ʵҲС
Ȼ
ܿǾͱˣ
ΪǾķ֣ҶϿڣǵûнɱ˵ĺͯһ㣬׷ȫϿ
ʲô
ʲô
֮Ϊûнɱ
𾪹Щ˳ɵˣ·𱻺ݺݳһƣջۡ
̲סֻĵСҶӵʵʵȿӲ²ģ
籾ԴΪ׼ģǶˡƽҲŵ˵
ǲδҶ飬һЩظжҶкô
һʱ䣬ܶĻ䣬⡣
ϿҶǻʲôҶ
Ȼȴģ޷õҲҪν籾Դʲôǰһˣ
ʱ˳ԣΪҶ֮ܽ룬ΪѾԽ˽ɱҲһ̶ȡ
ˢ
Ȼ˳ɹϿڣδ⵽ĽɱɼѾɢһ̶ȣǹвˡ
Ҿ˵ôϿκˣҶĲöѡ
ԵǴҵģĳ˵ġ
֮ǰҶЩ˷·˼Ѫһʱ˷໽Ͽڳȥ
ǺͻƽȻʾ߶ϿгȥҪҶϡ
Ҷδ̫Զڹ۲ϿȵĻӶж籾Դڡ
һ«ɽȣںСҲǳɽ¸ƣĦƽ
ΪصǣɽߵľɫȻͬһдУȪ٣ҩء
һͺͺģûУʯ¶
ֽȻͬľɫģ
ϿУѾԺԲƣʿӿ룬Ϊ˼Ͽȴһ˿µ
ȻҶǰһǿϿ봦ƣѭݣƺʲô




2054 
չżأ籾Դ֤Եû˲ġ
˿̣ҵϿ룬һϼһ㣬һڡ
꣡
ܶת۵ȸͨͼֱӱԴаģǷ籾Դ
ҶҲ⣬תۣɲǼ䣬â̴գ
Ǵӡ
ûһӡ
ѵ̫֮ǰɱ
˷׷׾ȫˣҪᡣ
Ϊ˶֪籾ԴֻһΨп֤˲ܵõ
ȻɱȴĻԵܵõսؿɱпܵͻơ
ԣ
Ҷ侲ĵⲢʲô̫֮ǰɱ籾Դ
ʲô
˾е˼飬ⷽӡȻǴ˵е籾Դ
ȷˣ
콾ڣ֤ʵҶжϡ
٩٩̸ɵ˵ⷽӡʵ壬طɣŵۣ̺ŨĵϣعͬԴ籾ԴǺ
Ҷͷսǿ߾ڶѣȴ콾ǵȷСÿ˶컯ͷ˼
ҵģ
˼ͣͰһƴ֪֮оȻǿ֤籾ԴҲͲסӶˣֱǰȥͼռ
Ȼһ㱻֮⵽ش޷
֮
Ҷ˫˸Ĺâ̿Ǳ籾ԴĽƣκͼӽģᱻ
Ҷаȫ֮ݣӦòᱻų⡣
ǣǰ׼ȡ籾Դ
Ȼ
һˣ
ҪӽʱͻȻоһΣյϢŵۡһƬɱˡ
ۿ֮󣬰˵ȻγɵɱΪµĽƣƽⲻˣֻܵȴȽʧ֮󣬲ϣȡ籾Դ
ڳܶ˶֪ͷӼ߰ߵϿƾ˫ƶܲһ
ƽⲻ˵ĽƣҲ͸ˣֻܵȴ
Ҷ˵ǰ֮˶ʱʵ˺ܶ࣬ҲóȻжˡ
ܶ˶磬Ҷڣǻл
ƺ͸˵뷨Ҷ˵Ƿģ籾Դʱ򣬸ƾ£Ҳɱ֣˭ܵõ˭ĻԵ
Žйˣ
ܶԼ֮Ķ֮ʿ̣籾Դʲôǿܹ֤ĻԵ˭Ϸ
ǿҶ˵ĴȻģʱ򣬿³ֲ飬˭᣿Ҫô
Ҳ˾ҶƭңȻ˵ˣȻػɱ֡
УɵλͽʥǵĽԶ˸д֪ҶΪˣײŵһŵʳԡ
һʱ䣬˸пѣҶ̬ɵִԵ塣
дǵˣ籾Դɷؽ㡣
ֱ֤ݣһĴۣĪ
һ̣ǳױҶ˸۷ĸԸΪǡ
ȻˣлĻȻŹ籾ԴϾ֤̫ˣû޶ԡ
ǣӵһ޵еģ֤Ǵ׷Ŀܷ꣬
ºҲпҶֹƽ̬򶯣ΪҶؿ֤
ޣӵޱȼᶨҶڳûùҶ춼ѡ
һЩ򰵰̣ΪҶƯסңǲҶ˴ȡ
鹫Ҷǿƻɱ֮սҶŨҵ⣬Ҷ˵꣬ĻƯ˭˵ûİɣ
γԣ
Ȼȫȥ
鹫Ȼ˵ֱӱԴĲʵֻд˵˲ܵõҶǿҲδܵõͿ籾Դѡ˭ˡ
Ȼ
ŻȻ򣬼ȻǿʵǾͺðˣÿ˶Լд˵ˣؿ֤
һʱ䣬ܶĦȭƣҶͶȥƵĿ⡣
ʵһ
ò籾ԴϿɣһ޷֤Ϊ˵ǡ
ˣ㾹ȻҼ̸ˣԴˮ˰ɣ
СƦӻƽһм˵ѹ˼Ҷ˵شԣȻû
˵ʲô鹫ɫ࣬ɱһżգ޺޵ƽ˵
˵ʲô
СƦӹЦȻ˵㣬õ۱̥òҩ׷棬߾ն׼ۣ㾹Ȼ̸ʲôˣ˭ܱ˸ǿ㲻شʲô

һ˽Ծǵ˿ҶĿг˲˼飡
˶Ҷռˣ
Ǻһ䣬⻹ò˻ˣ
۱̥ͲҩõˣҶǰ̸ˣֱǰŪ
鹫Ҳɵˣɫ죬ɺתף촽ϵĶţȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ʡûռġ
ҶȻ˺ã֮ǰȻ˿֪֪ĻѡĽ֮ս
ֻǣ˵ʲôˣһжԼɵģԹñˡ
ƣԳ
һ̣ĸܵ˿ɬ
ҲΪԣҶõ۱̥ǹҩ׷棬Ƕ֪ҲᣬգȴȻճΪҶġ
һֱûмҲ֪ʲôʱŻʧ˰Ծһ𣬻Բߣ졣
Ҷֱó׼۶Ĳºһ𶦣ȪΪԸҩһ׼ۼ⣬Ͽڿ
ơȣܵŮ飬ˡСƦӻƽһߺȾһ߸п
㣿
ǲĴŮҲ޸ܣ㻹Ҫĸɣ
֪ߣʺҲСƦ˿Ϊ⣬һŴ⸬һž̳ӣãԵòֺ
ºȻҲڣţƴƣ׼ۼͣνɡ
Ȼʹˣȴˣ׼ۼ⣬ϻƽɫİɫζȫ
ټҶͨҩҽڣȻβˣȴҩζ˵Ʈòʳָ󶯣ˮֱ
ǺҶĹϵôҲܺƤԲȰɣ
ϲǣɺСȴֱӴȥˣһûУֱӴӳȡһʮ飬Ļϯص
׼۶⣬߾ʿ˵Ǵ󲹣ȻԴȣȴܿƣЩ̺̫ˣһ̫Ļűġ
ǰԲȣҶǵҲû˵ʲôСܹΪȸͷСʵӡ˲١
ǳʲôĿģ֮ܶϾǰæˣ飬Ҷǵá
ǲԳɹһЩҲʼҲһ
Ͼ׼ۼ⣬˵̫Ҳ̫ݳˡ
ҳ⣬зݣ
Ҷظ֮ˣ龰ֱӿ룬ڴзŽȥ⸬
ô˼أ
ܶһ˵Ų˼һֱʳԵ͡
ΨеǺ鹫ɫѿ˼㣬в˰̿ˮ뵽֮ǰҶĴѹ䳰ȷĻȥԲȣֻñȥ۲Ĳ
ˣ
˴ڳ⣬ںȾƵʱ򣬽Ƴɶһ籾ԴϢ


2055 Ⱦƿ
Ƽˣ
һȺ˾ϲĪæӵеʳƣһѷӿȥ׼籾Դ
ɾʱ䶸һصϢȫһʧˡ
ʲô
ʲô
ô
ҵôûˣ

һȺ˾ĪȻԼһͬʵȻһ˲䱻ᣬʧĸɸɾ
ƽĹƽƽ̾
ʲô˼
һȺ˲⣬Żƽϣܽ
˿̣Ѿû˸СҶߵˣƽǴ˵пɲеޣԵĻʷ֪ʶԨͨ
ȻץǣƽСƦӸûиǽ͵˼ǿﵽȥˡ

һȺȻ˵أⲻǴĵθ
Щ˱Ͼ֮ӣݵɻ֮󣬺ܿµ˻ƽе˼
û˵һͨãȫƾ˵ʵ似ᣬ˭ʵǿ似ǿᵽ֡
ȷܹƽ
һˣܶ˱㰴Ͳס׷شӡȥͼȡС
ܹһ˺֤Ķ˭Ķ˭⣿
䣡
ϵǣȻʧˣȻ籾Դȴô׵õһȥֱӱˣ֮󾪺Ī
ʲô
籾ԴĪǻѡʶɣ
Ҳ̫ϳˣ
ǿ籾ԴȻ󣬵ȴӦʶ
ȻһڵʿǣһǷӦѸ٣ʵ߾
ˣȴһȫˣû˿⡣
֮ʧˣ
һǿԭǷӡϵ֮ڿٵƬ֮㳹ʧˡ
ҵģ
һʵǿ콾ȲĳȥͼӡչС
Ȼ
飡
û⣬ڽӽӡһɲǣ㱻һصˣ޷ӽ
ҲıԴκ˶ߣֻҲġ
һƻȻڣĿ֮£ӡȥͼշ
Ȼ
ʵٴ֤Ҳ£𿪣޷ӽ
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һͷûתҶʹ㾢ûԷ𣿡




2056 Ҳ죡

ƾһ߾ڵʥǿʩΪȴһµӣܳԷ̣ڳ˭
콾ɫͨ죬ε˼㣬ֲǣҲǣһʱ
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飡
ȻĿУҶҲһصˣ޷شӡȡС

һĻ˾Ǵˡ
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޺ţɵۣҲ̫˰ɣ
ԭΪ籾ԴҶĪҶȻҲˣ޷ӽ޷ȡ
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𾪡ɻҶ޷õ籾ԴϿɣ⡭ôܣ
鹫Ц˵ߣ˵籾Դʵܵõǿ˵ģǿʲôãò籾ԴϿɣעһա
Ļδ䣬籾ԴɵĴӡȻâ籾ԴϢ˳һϯϿȡ
󣬹âͻȻһϢʧð޹⣬Ψصת
ղŻнƣڲʧ
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ҶҲ⣬Ȼ˵Լ籾ԴԼû籾ԴҲ֤һرǺõġ
尡
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籾Դҵģ˭Ҳ

һʱ䣬Ͽҳһ࣬콾һʥÿ˶ƴֶΣҪ籾ԴɵĴӡ
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籾Դ;У˱㿪ʼ֣Ϊһϧߵɱ֡
ѪŽ֫ϱҷɣѪζ籾ԴΧ
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飡
һˮһֱӽɳȥţ籾ԴɵĴӡ֮ϡ
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籾ԴɵĴӡ߽⣬һصۣûţڡ

˾ȵ°ͲҽϣͰ͵˵ʲʲô籾ԴȻѡ
⡭ôܰ
һЩ콾ֱӱˣôҲû뵽ǲԶңԶǿ˺üϵ糾͵򣬽ȴʲôҲûõ
ЩҲɵˣ籾ԴûѡǣûѡսǿҶѡһ֮㣬ʲô
ɵҲΪԣ籾Դѡ壬˵ʲô
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˿ҶĿⶼˡ
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Ҳң籾ԴջûѡҶ΢ùһЩ
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һ˼ǵҶϴԼСܵģõöȻҪТϴŶԣСܵĹء
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ţŭ㣬Ҷõ籾ԴҶڳ
ظһʶ
Ҷıŭţ΢΢һЦҵ·ҵĵǲͬҲ޷õ籾ԴԭҲҵ
ˣδ˿ûеõ籾Դǰ֤ƦָֻһЩ䣬ЩǺͲ˵

ҶȻϣʯʣûֹҾȻͺУ裬졪Ҳ죡


2057 Σ
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ĸ쵰ҽˣ
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ܶ콾Ƿ׷ѡȥУޡ
Ͼ˭ҲԼСЦһģ
ɺͰԲ졢С˺ͽʥǵĽԶҲ׷ȥܿǷ֮ء
ϿڣҶ֮⣬ֻʣ޺ţºˣϿԵÿյġ
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ţͻȻûҶͷȻȻ˵
ӱһһͷ뿪Ͽȣ뿪֮ŵء


2058 ޴䶯
ɳǣ
ǽ߲بų档
߲ĳǽ˵µĲɣ
һգеļ̨ϹâһһţһӶɷʿ߳
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һʱ䣬ܶ˶°Ͳҽϣһı顣

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Ȼȴûܵõ籾Դʧ
һҶǰ·˱ܷ֤ͺ˵ˡ
Ȼ˶֪֤֮·ǧȴ;ͬ飬ûܵõ籾ԴҲȫ֤
ֻûеõ籾Դ֤·Ͻ˸յıܿѪ;УյǶȺۡ
ոյ֪Ϣʱȫˡ

ݵ֮󣬳ۺķЦ
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һĻһЩû뿪ǿǸơ
ǲԶȴ뱦ɽջأʲôҲûţһ˲˵Ͽ˺ܶǿߡ
һЩŵص˾һȫϿͨС
ۣвǿ䣬Զ˵
˵һθʧǳأЩžȻһ
ϲ磬ȵҶ֮ŵΣգͬʱҲһҲ⵽ɽ֮ķ񱨸
һ֮ŭ𣬽ٻһƬ˭ܳܣ
ȻȴΪɽ֮ǰʵͲŭ綼ŵù
쵱֮ԻضӣԳһƬΪĿǳκڰңûв룬ΣŲʡ
Ҷնɱӣưոݣ
һˣϲ˷׷ǣ߿ȥǽ֮ˣ޶ԣ
Ȼϲ˵Ŀ⣬ǣһ˿Ĺâ˵ҶСȻܻ뿪ҲҪҼ


2059 

صĵ⣡
ȥԹżΪ׵Ҳţնȥ
ܿ죬ڳ۵ĴҲ뿪ˣɽūǣãҲѡ뿪
Ҷû϶޷뽫¸֪Լˡ
Ȼɽ֪֮ľȥȻ⵽֮֡
˵ķ׷ȥֻʣϲ˻ڵȴֲȥ
ҪˣҪʬ
ǲҶ䡣
ţҶһܴѹأ۱ն˵
Ѫעһˣ־Ҳ˵
˷׷׿־һĵӡ
ҶʹûдӦҪعң˵仰
˵ıģ־֪ȴ޷˵ʲôֻܰԿЦ


ɳ֮⣡
ƵĵУʮֹӣ̵û֣˻ҳԵưܲ
ͻȻһЩͬʱ۾֮ŵصķɨȥ·գ硣
û˵ضɻƺǲľ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ŵУɽʧϿҲƽԭ֮ŵݱѡ
ϢƵط·ع磬ɢļµĲ
ģҶɫŤҧڸž޴ʹࡣ
̫֮Ũ̫ˣҷ·ʶҪ塣
ƾԴҶѵҪѱͿⱩ֮
ܳɹЩŨִؽԸƣΪҲһ̨ס
ﵽ߾֮ÿһҪʮٱŬҲڶʾ߾һ꣬һҲд
ȻҶԾ鷢ˣȻ޷ȵ
һ̣Ҷ۹貣һգȴһƬ·ڶһ㣬ɢļµϢ
ͨë׷ӿڣҪռ塣

ҶҽһѪоԼ·˺룬ȴûзѡ
ǿߣΪսչɱ
һ̣ҶԼһͣĸ֪Լ֣ڲײ
ã
ҶĳȥΪԴ棬ˮݣһײػᱬը泾Ҳס
Ҫô
Ҷʶвкܶû˿ȥԶźԸҲܸԼź
ִ£Ҷ֧ţǿ֮࣬ˡ
˿ֻ̣һͷȥҲҪȥֻлţϣ
أʶЩģˣԵȫƾһǿҵִ֧ţûг׻ԡ
˿һʧȥʶ¾ԶҲ޷ˡ
ԣΣҪ̨һ˿
ʱҶڣĲĸˣȫٵ
ô죿
ҶڴֻԪصİַģгɫռУɫΣԥ֮С
ԥǷҪ뿪ҶѰ
Ϊ˿̵ҶΣʱп䣬ΪΣҶҲ⡣
֮ǰ֮ѡ׷ҶߣһǱѡ񣬶ΨҶڵĻռҲ׷Ҷˡ
ҶѱҪΪԼѡˣٳپˡ
ȻϾСԣִľԼҲò⡣
֮£ֻʶͬڻռеĻǹͨǹڲռ䣬ҩ˲ι顣
԰꣡
˲ιδΣԾСı壬˵ǲǾûеõ籾Դ޷֤Բȥ
ĬȻˣȷͷҶܵõ籾ԴϿɣ˲¡Ȼġ
ڣѾΣòΪԼ㡣
˳뷨˲ιĵҪߣԼߣǲߵġ
ǣ
һ㶣ͻȻ뵽ҶڿɲԼҩסͣмꡣ
˵ûвʶҲţ˿ſƬռıԵ紦Сצһûһµǹؿռ䣬û뿪˼
һĻʱˣͬʱҲɻҩͻǹΪ˵һҲģ
ɻ˲ιٴοڣƽĵȻûеõ籾ԴϿɣǶţձ֤籾Դһѡ
û˿ȻΣһߣֻҪͦȥؿɵõĴ컯籾Դá̵Ľӿڵ
ǾţˣҪǿģҶ
һ˵Ҳ¶˾ģȻҩ궼ҶģĿͦһ١
һˣüᶨȻˣͬˣ
ţСһϲ㣬ͨ˿顣
ڴʱһû˿鲨ԵЩն
˭˭һæתʮȲ鿴ȴʲôҲûз֡
ң
ǹ⣬ڣûһӣſֲĻ棬һѽץ˳
ȥҪԴ֮˼ǹ
˵䣬㱻ûӳ˻ռ䣬иͣ
ײʵܲģ˲ͻᱻֲΪޡ
Ȼ˿Ҳûˣֻƴȫһ˿֮ռӴܡ
ˣ
һֱ̱֮ڵϣһµĴ
һﹻ
һѽץٴ˳ȥɫصԼǹ
ǹص֮ɻʯ̺һɽ𣬼󣬸Ѽ
˴ۼأŽ̥֮ǿͣ˿̣ûҶƾ޷
ĸؼΪԴ͸ǹУƷʡ
ˣѹեͯ
һһ߼ѵһ֮ռгȥ
ǳΣǷûͨܣͿ޳ˡ
ûŹһδεѹեĸ£ǹ
໡
һǹϵľ·һǹڡ
ϣ
ΪΪ裬죬ûǹơ
ųһδεԽԽˣʵҲʵķϲѡ
ϡ
˲ιΧУҶ˴


2060 ø
֮ŵأ
֮ȣлص
Ҷսսѹ磬ѹ硣
һУ໥ɣչս
ҶŲ̆һ˿ƴתҪѰһƽ㣬ȥȻᱬ
Ȼ֮ƺĿƣЧ΢
䣡
һδײԵڱըһͱˣǳ׼۶ס
ҶҲѺۣһεĻȻᱻըѡ
궼Ѻۣ΢һȻɿա
ˣҲˣ
Σʱ̣ҶһͻȻ뵽һֲֿ칦Դӵõ֮Ȼоȴδ
˿̣Σٲȡʩɡ
һҧҶһ£ҽƴһ£ܸģ
ǡ
䣡
һĪϱƣ˺۴һ͵ܲǿн֮һ̱
칦
Ҷϳ칦
˵һֻеĹԴӴ֮δܹ
ǰսһδʧ֮Ǿã֮ǿսѪ¡
ȻڲܲѪֻŨϢǵıԴ
գгһλž޵Ĵۣڹ۲Ĺ֮ͻ룬ֻе칦
ԭ뷨УȦ࣬ӽѪѡʺͲϳ˵ţ칦ԴﵽǳưĿģҲħ
ϧҲûгɹһħ壬ȴѪ롣
ûѪȻ޷ڣҲ޷칦
ֻλĴۿҲ벻ԼĻ칦Ҷ
磬ʼԭ㣬
Ҷת޻칦֮һ˿ƣ˱Ķѡ
ѵת칦ӰͿ
⣬ܳҡ
ڽץסı֮һĿͼ̫ķʽ߸롣
һѵḶ́ϾźõķչҶһ˿ҷɡ
תʱ
תۼ䣬ȥˣҶûܳɹ룬Ϊ칦ԣںһγ˻
ֱ˿̣ų׻ΣϵԻϴ̵һֲĳ̶ȡ
֮ŵȣȴ˵ãաںϡתΪԴĻ
壬ΪʣϣȴѵبҲֻӵʡ
ʣѻһ˱ʱ٣˷ɻҡ
һȻû֤ΪۣȴӵŲڴ۵սֻǣĻ岢Ǻ죬Եɺ³ɾ˻塣
ʵ򣬷Ҳܴıʹ췣Ŀֲ֮
Ҷ칦ɹ򣬷ӵ˻νø
Ҳգһûл칦ڽˡ
λ۵֪Լ칦ȴгȫҶȫĻ壬֪᲻ڵײǽ
УҶׯϣһۣŵۺͷһϡ
ԴԴڻ칦ת£ںϣγɻľС
ʵҲڷٱǣܿƽ߾۷壬ֻһţ߾ڡ
⡭
һĻҩ˲ιͳ񡢼궼֣
ûû뵽ҶȻԽںתΪԴĻʵĸı䡣
ԭΪҶܹͦһپѾǽ֮ˣû뵽ԻΪںˡ
ǲҶģⲢҪҪǣǶĶˣҶȻ졣
ǿ֮󣬿Ҳû赲Ҷ֤Ĳˡ
УǹҲһ˿仯֮ǰˣɱֱ졣
ô£
ʲô
ƵĵУʮ𾪣ܹ֪֮ŵУٿˡ
ȻԾɺȣȴû֮ǰı壬Ҷ·Ǹ޵׶ԴԴϵɽڣΡ
磡
񿪿ڣӣϵһȺ侪ɢӴܡ
ϵ֩ҲžһڵϣСϸȿںڰ֮С
Ƶ۵ǽУһֻܵţಡһǽʧ
һ
мҲˣƺǳ𣬹
Ƭ֮ɫԽԽ࣬еǳһƬ嫵
ĬȻϢ͵㣬ûдмλݡ
ме龰ת䣬ƺ޾ɱǿձľ
ã˫ۣҵĺڰңδ޷ݡ
ô
񾪺ֵ֮תδ
¹ش󣬼ƴǴҲҪһˡ
ٴݣмйâʢƺܿδ
ۣ
Ƭ֮ͬʱһѪȫƺı
һмſڵֲֲ̫ˣ
Ҳͷصľ֮ɫ
ղţҲһδױˣǱϾǸޡ
بδеĲңεĺڰҽϵ棬һս󣬻涼᳹ױһŵ档
мҲſ־壬ƺ˵λֵƺ
һս׼۲ڻңͨĴ۶޷ƽҡ
мΨ֤ɵۣϣǿߣƽڰҡ
ǹûʲôܵĽʵ
ûУѾѳ֮⣬޷ݡм񻺻ҡͷһźΡ
ȷݳҶδȻŬ֮£ȴȻ֣ҶδһƬ磬ݲϢ𾪵ĵط
һһˣ
˸пĵһҲС
Ǹô죿
ǧûκζסˣڰʱǲκжĻƵпһս֮Ͳˡ
ô죿
ͬʱĬˣǼţҶ֤յٶܻ⣬ʲôģ
ǣϣҶϣȴҲЩԥ
ϾҶδ޷ݣֱǲðա
ǣ籾ԴȻûѡҶѡ֮㣬Ҳ⡣
ֻ˵ţ籾Դϣӵ֤ʱ
Ҷǿ͸
һʱ䣬˳˼֮С




2061 ɽ֮ŭ
֮ӱɱϢһɷ籩һ𶯣ʮע
֮ӶһɱҶʥ̫ǿˣ
˽Ŀ࣬ԼĶ䡣
֮ǿƱȣѣҪޣҶʥűƲѶġ
֮ӴʴʣҪɱҶʥҪɱѣԵŭԲɱ֮
Ϣˣ˵ɽ֮ôͨͶӰǷǣףҪҶʥʩչɱ֣ǿƶԵȻȴʯͬʱͶӰסɱһҶʥɱ֮Ҳԭ򣬲ų׼ŭҶʥ棬ӻɱ
ľܱסʥ̫ˣڿôԶסʱ䲻һб㶼˳
ԭ
һĻعĿɿڴֻֽܹ̫֮ԵˣѰ·
˵֮ȫҵģ˻á
ˣӶˣջһ
ɱĺãҲǸ

ʿ۷׷ףҶδɽ̫֮Եˡ
ȻͬʱҲʶɽ֮ԲưոݣȻȡѪȵı
û꣡
Ȼú󣬶ɽб㴫һ
ҶС׼Ϸŭɣ
ɽ֮ʨºҪҶһִԭʥصͳ
ˣ
ҶڵһбգһųҲɱ֮
ͬʱǿƱ̬ҶйصģȫҪĨɱ˭ɽΪУŭ
˻һٴ𶯣
̫Ҫˣ
ܶ˶ڸпɽ֮ȴ˸ߵıƤ֮𾪡
Ҳû취£˭˼ǽ֮أ
һƣ磬˭ܿ⣿
˵Ǿǿľ֣֮ߣզࡣ
Ǿ̫Ļһп֤
ֻϧ˱ʸߵľֻۣȻ˳Ϊ֤·ϵʧߡ
ȻʧߣҲһ˿Աģڴ۲ϵĴڡ
ʣһԭʥΣӣոճ˶ѣûĻȻᱻĨɱ
˵һ޸͵̵ԭʥأЩоԶʥغ͵壬ҲԸһ֮
ҶˣҪѺʹĵͳҲȻᱻǿĨɱ
˭֪ʲôĴڣ˽֮Ȼ׼Ҳɣο
񣡡
֮ӶɱⲻĨӣ𡣡
ЩҶ׷һֻ
һЩԭҶҲˡ
ǺԼͽ֮Ĳ֮࣬һŭҪǡ
ٲ£ٲ°
һЩʥءϴںɢ޷׷ҡͷΪҶ̫嶯ˣֻͼһʱ֮죬ȴԼɱ֮
֮ôնɱģ
ҶǿƣŽ֮棬նӣǶԽ֮ӣڴ
Ϊһһǿߣɽ̣֮
һʱ䣬׷ƲԼҶԭʥصĹϵɽ֮Ǩŭǡ
һʱ䣬ԭʥΣȫ
ЩҶԭʥԴǱԭʥظû٣ȡ
һʱ䣬粨ƹÿ˶ΪԼδæµš
ȻˣҪƲҶ֮Ĺϵһŭɽ֮С
۾ӵأ
Ϣǿ޲ֳƿ죬ֻ׼֡
Ҷ˵ĿǣӺӣԼڶǿߣУѶ֮ǣ޲öʳƤ
Ȼڳ۵ǿѹ£Ǹ޷ҶѰֻܴʣǿԹ
Ҷǿն׼֮󣬺ܶǿ߶ˣҶս׼۾ǿߣҶĶ֣óȻѰֻװԼ
Ϊˣû뵽·תתۡ
Ҷͼһʱ֮죬ɽ֮棬Ӳնɱӣһ򻤶̵ɽ֮ʱߣ˷ŭ
һҶ
֣֮֮£ûܵסȻս׼ۣɽ֮Ҳʤ㡣
ʥЩΣ
ڣ߲սһá
ʥ룬ţŲӣһţƢһ˫ţۣ˶ӡ
ڸղţ۵׼۰æԮҶȴ⵽˵һ·ԡ
㶮ʲôҶѱͷǺɽ֮ԣⲻ𣿡һ׼۳
ҶĺŲ֮ǲ侮ʯѾˣǰȥɣ
ӡӡڡӡôȫҶУѵЩ㶼𣿡
ʥϣλ׼ۺʥ׷׳ԣѵţٹ£֤
ţԣȴͬ˵Ļ׼ۣҲ޷ı뷨
Ҳûڱ֧֣ƾԼǾ޷ͽ֮ģóȻ֧ҶֻΪԼɱ֮
ҶǾŬ֤֮󣬿ƽڣĶҲȥʵʵ˵
֪ˣ
ţһɭɨһʥеλ׼ۺ;ʥļᶨ뿪ˡ
ǶԻǴ
ţɭĿ⿴Щڵļλʥ
һţ㳹ױչˡ
Ҷ
ż𺣬ҧгݣѹֵɷ
ˣ
ż棬ŵΨһӡѪʹֹ
ȻȷǲҶɱҲǻ޾µϹŶҸãƾһϢƶϳɵҶӲ˸ϵ
ɽ֣֮Ҳ֣ΥأҲҪҶǿƻɱΪɱ
˵ȻᣬȴĳΨһãǹżδϣ
ȻڣϣȴˣŹɵʧ̣
ǲżˣɽ֮ǿƱ̬ԭʥأɱҶ
Ϊıܹ赶ɱˣŲͷ
Ϊ֪ԺԺ۱ͦҶֵĻϵ̫пżҡ
ڣɽ֮ǿƳ֣Ͳֻվں濴־ˡ
ؼʱ̣׳֣һ֣ݷĶһ㣬һ
˾ռ塢Ŵ󺷷ˡ塢̫ʥأЩԭҶѣ˿Ҳ⣬Ա
Խ֮ǿѹûֵܱ
Щʥصʥһ˾ΣչͷȻȡᡣ
ҶΪһҶ֮Ĺϵ֮⣬ǸصҶǱΪˣؿ֤
ȻһУҶǵûܵõ籾Դ˶ɽ֮ǰɡ
˼⣬Ȼܼԭʥأ⣬õİ취

ϲҲõϢɫѿ˼㡣
ϲҶڽ֮ǰǧҶ֮һɲصĺҶȴǽ֮ɱˡ
񣬲ҶδһִԭʥҲΣ
һջѡ˷ΪǾãȻ֣Ҳ޷赲죬ԭʥվ꼻һ֡
֪ΪΪ֮ⲻִţɵ
ڳϲ۱ߡԺԺɮܣ棬һ˾۽ëǿյģῴһ㣿
գǷ˰Ҷػԭʥأϻأԭʥصȫߣȱһܷͷ˵
ɽڣûգ


2062 칦ɣ

֮ŵء
ȫڵأʲѣֵ˼㡣
һЩ޾ȻŵʧʺһɵĶ
ԭϿѾʧеƶ߽⣬Ƶγһ˶ľ޼롣
޼ģҶϥׯϣɢŵâ
˿̣ԴԴͨĺɺë׽ڣڻ칦£ںϡת䣬γسʼĻ
ͬʱҶҲǰУ칦ϾеĹܶطơ
ȻǴۣеĹҲܾ֪Ȼкܶ覴֮
磬سʼ֮ԴһеԴ
Уɣ
칦תḶ́һлعԭ㣬ع硣
ǰУҶȫϳ޻칦
һЩǺͻ칦ĳϵĵط칦
һѵḶ́ҲһĹ̡
УҶ㱿һδεĺڰңһһļԪ
ڵ䡢աʢһδεֻء
ĳնء
һԪһֻأ֮Ϣϣһݡ
ƺһֻ֮С
ֻأ֮һļһԵ˥޲ѭ
︴գưڷչǿ
ļʢ൱һԪеĻƽʱΣһƣʡ׷
＾㣬һƬɱ֮൱ںڰңʧ
һжعԭ㣬ֻݷͣȴĵ
ļ仯ҲһԪʵдա
Ϊ˵Ҷĸʢ˥޲Ԥʾ
Ψл㣬һжڳʼ
˺ŵļԪڰıŰ֮ݽߣʬɽ
ͬʱҲǿͲ飬ƴΪԼѪǡ
ɱ
һ飬Ϊۣһľʥǿ߹ͬ
һǱУŵԭ޻ΪĮ
ħȳ֮㣬ΨѪǣ޾ԩڱʹ˻

һܱó壬ɽ룬بǿ֮Уһ飬ǳ鱬ˣҲױ顣
ȾѪƴսеһһħǿߡ
գһ׼ۼ˺ˣǿз·һѪꡣ
Ҷ۾ʪˣһֱã塢ޣǿޣ࣬ı졣
Ȼ˿̣еĸܵĴ󰮡
һֵأеһӣûиߵ͹֮֡
Ȼ֮飬ȴҲǱ߳һȣƽȵġ
塢塢ʯ塢塢塭
壬ںڰǰħǰȫŽһ¶Կɱ
һ޸裬һĻ㲻Ĵ档
һδΣ塢壬ǿ壬ڶԿУһĻĻҵĻ档
У˲أںڰг壬һŵʧһſԴǱ򱬣˲
ȴɱ¾𲽱ǿһ۳֣ɨ硣
ԡѪս壬ƴֿڼбĻ֡
һһļԪУ塢塢壬һδεĵֿ֣飬Ƭʧ
ʱ㣡
һ۴ǿһĴ۽ǿɱ
ʱ䷨Ӧã
Ҷܴͷ˫ƺʱڱá
һԪУҶһ塢塢Ĵۡ
Щеǿɱѹ˶ңά壬еսǿգʬǳɻҡ
У˻칦Ĵĸͨ͸
һɱḶ́Ȼδ֤׼ۣȴӵ˲׼۵
ԴԴ֮ӿ룬ʱ䣬Ҷڱƽ߾ڡ
ϲޱƺ֮䣬һ£ƺһЩʵĶ
ıʣ
Ҷһ˿ڴһͻ
䣡
ƱǣԴԴϵɹأһ߾ڡ
䣡
Ԥ׵ģٽ٣Ƭ׺ֱû֮ŵء
ɳ⣬ƵĵУͬʱ۾بŲг𺧡
٣
׼۵٣
˳׶ݣ֤׼۵ʱҲûôҵ٣ҪɱҶ
һ˳سɹή˳Խ٣
ã
һ񾪽еŵسضɽ٣пܳ׻ٵŵء
Ҳ޷ֻ֪ͨˡһ̾Ϣ
بҵĺڰңһս֮Ҫôﳹ׸Ҫô峹ʧ֮ŵѾûдڵıҪˡΪ׵˵
䣡
ҵٽ£˲佫ҶΧɷɻңڷ
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׹˸˸𶯣޾׺ûء
̫١̫ס١١׽١
ټأÿһɽ룬ᴩء
֮ŵسױ֣߾۷ľʥƬҲֲˡ
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̫ɶˣ
ɺ׼ѣ׼
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Ƶ˼㣬Ҳû˭ƽ޹ʵİһԼ١
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ѵҶڶɽ٣
һƻɵ˵Լжϡ
ģҶжô죿˿ֲ١
ɽٵˡҶ
һ̣µ˶ˣ




2063 
ƾʲô
ƻŭͲʵ
ҶûӦǱŶԡ
ȻԤϣҶǵûͻˣ׼۶١
ˣ
̾һǱһȻϣ૵ĵӽԺ֮ŵؽˣ
Ȼڱ˴˵Ŀжľ
׼۵٣Ҳֹһ˵ֹһ˶ɽ٣Щ׼Ǳɽ١
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ڣΨһĵǣɽ֮˻᲻֮ŵأ硣
Ҫ֪׼ۼԻصģһ֮ŵأ֮Ȼȫޣ׻ΪǻԵѡ
Ҷı
һԹ鹫ӵ߽ɫѿ˼㡣
˻
ƻһʱûзӦɵɵʵ
ܼ򵥣ֲֿ٣һ߾ʿܳܵģȻᱻٺɱκ⡣鹫ŵ˵
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ǰһ׷׵ͷ͡
ҶȻ죬Ҳ˿ֲ°ȻѾǿԤˡ
鹫ķͷͷǵڳбѵͷԺж鹫Ȼ֮
ֻǿϧ˽֮սûüո¶ͷǾͱɱˡ
ûô򵥣
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˵꣬վ˲ĿƮȻȥ

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ڼԽԽˣ޾ٽ£ӡȵشҶɱ
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˾㤣̻̲ա
޾ԶҲܸ̺ܵĻ֮

˺ѷεĲҽ˷٣ɷɻҡ
֮ŵرɱʵôǿޣǰߡ
֮ŵصԣݴһûо٣ֻٲֶɽٹ
һΣҶ̫ƴ󣬸ŵأȫ٣˲ء
ٽٵһ̱㻯Ϊ˷ɻңֻǿݻڼѵ֧ţȻҲɲˡ
Ҷ٣һеĵԿ
ͬʱٺͻϴñӼ̣ʣӨ͸
ϾǴ󾳽٣ܳʱ̫ʱٽ
𣡡
ҶХһſڽ޾븹УӳյͨһƬ貣o
ͬʱǹҲٵϴ񣬵δԼ٣ŵ׺зڣ
գŵǹһһƥĵ۱̥Ҷǰ
ʧػָ֮ŵҲ׻Ϊ˽ܶطһƬƬҽ֮ŵеµġ
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ϴûоٵʿڱԽĺ蹵
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رͶӰӳɳϿգ˶ܹһʱɳڷ·ը˹˶𺳵̸̬رеͶӰǵӰ
Ҷܵ͵ɳмûô¶棬ȴǵһϵɳǵģܶɳǵһʿʶ
˿̣ǷΰӰɳǵ˼ˣϵĺҶ֣һȵĳݡ
Ϊʲô
鹫ɫҰܣʧ˻һ㣬вϵظ仰
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찡
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ҶԣȻλΪҪҶȴҲҶʡ
֮⣬æǣɳĹ㳡ԵȺҶع顣
ɳи߲㣬鹫ڣҲȫȺڹ㳡Ͽա
ԭ鹫վսһҶ䳰ȷоҶԭ
Ȼȴ׺ݺݵѵһ٣ôԸҲҪ
óĻ˵Ҫеĺӱܲǰ취ҪԣЧĲȴʩ
رѾ˶ڽеȴţܶʿԷɳǣҪһҶݡ
ˣ
ſһǿӰ߳лд֮ˡ

ЦӭȥȻӢ۳꣬Ϸ֮
Ҷ磬֮ǰðҶԭ嶣ҪСһʶ鹫ӲͷƤǰҶڨ
˿̣ɫ糺죬۷һǵ۲ϵҶŵ硣
֮Ҷȴͦ˿׼۵٣ѡ˭Ȼ
ʶ𣿡
Ҷ𣬾һ°͡
˶ĿɿڴһĲ˼顣
Ҷ̫ǿˣȻ鹫ʾã˿ûн

鹫ֱ֮ɫɺףɰת࣬÷ϣȻȴһ仰Ҳ˵
龰Щ׼ǰֺҶ˶ʱ͡
鹫˱ŸݺǺһ٣˵ˡ
Ҷⷬǿƣȴúܶ˸ӳˣһŭΪѣ֮ӻӵͦ˱٣ֱĿеӢۡ
һ̣ҶڵܶʿĿе˲ߴ

Ҳβѣһ֮뵽λķԸȴòҶ˵ˣɣҪ㡣
˵꣬ҶӦתɵȥ
Ҷâ˲뵽ʲôֱϣ


2064 ƽ۽
ɵɳϷƶˣǧ
ɳҪĽ߲㣬ûʸ롣
Ҷͳһǰһɵ˰֮ȼգԼͬΧɵΧ쳤ɵпȥ
Ȼ
ɵ֣ҲԿ֪淢ʲô
ɵУ
ƾɵۣ֮ϣעҶĿƽû˿
ȻҶȴͷԴ˵һ£ڵ
Ϊ֣λ߾Ȼ֮ŵԻͶӰɱ֮ˡ
һʱ䣬뵽˺ܶࡣ
λͬʱ֣ɱ֮򣬸ΪԷһɽ֮棬սնɱ
ʣҶǷһ顣
лݵ󱨣
ҶλľһʾǼʱԮĸл
һԣɳǳȴԹߣû˵ء
ؿ
Ϊ׵ߵ˵֮ͣ͵ǽԵɣպڰұУϣ֣ܳһƬΪһϣ

ɳǳһ㶣λôˣ
ȻҲϣҶǿǿףûеõ籾ԴϿɣѵһҲܳɵۣ
һ˲䣬˺ܶ࣬ͷԺз
һĴĳֱǰ˺ܶ࣬ʷ׷׳֡
Ҫǵǣ۾ܵܣһгɵ·
һ貵µĴҲǹغ˵Ĵ
ɹˣǿ𻯷ɣʧˣ㣬ûѡ
ûеõ籾ԴҶһҲ֤
Ⲣû۾ûеõ籾ԴԾ֤漣ΪبսǿĴۡ
˼ʱҶᶨصͷӦλߵҪ
ǳŵҲǱ֮ǰ֮Ҷ֮ˣˮ֮ԵӿȪ౨
лˣ
Ϊ׵ߣ¶οЦݡ
Ѿ;ƿݣӣ֧ܲŵǿڰұΪ幱˵
٣ŬˣҶŵܹõҴ
ɳǳϳɵҶλ̸˺ܾá
ǿУҶ֪ƾۻ굤һҩһЩϢ
Ϊ׵˵һżھ˺ƹ֮ǰĹżѵ룬Żԭļء
һλ۵غңмһ䣬˵һɱϳںڰ硣
һսֱӽˣԭĹһΪ壬ΪƯе鳬½
һսУĴڣûлڴս֮оͲö֪ˡ
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磬ĵطû뵽Ȼּ˵Ļ£ѹبѰ
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ˣҶҲˣΪεʱ򣬻״Ĵ½ǹǣԭںƹ䱻һսˡ
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ԭʥһִģгԱ˺ѣԲʧһӡ
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ǶΪҶ룬ȻѺҶϣҪȫΪģԱİȫΪΡ
Ҳпԣ뿪Ƭ磬ȻǴ֮ء
ֻҪҶԸԸڣԼһѧȫҶο
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˿ҶѾ߳Լ޵еĵκ˵Ĺ似ֻڲοȫ
Ѿ߱һǿеʸ񣬱ضῪԼĹ似
ˣ
ҶֱӾܾ̹ԼѵİΣԣζҪȥ
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λҲûйҶլʺ·
Ȼթʵϵ磬ԽԽ٣ҲԽԵ
գҶǱˣ˲Ŀ̤˹̡
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вɣ
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ȻⲢܸģֻܴɻĿ⣬ĿҶ뿪ɳǡ
һĻλ̲סҡͷ̾Ϣ

Ĵ
׷ʵϣѾʧң˵׷ʵĻ֤
Ĵ󻷾øһˣȥɱԼ
һֻʵû磬ܳã
һжҪȵκڰҹȥ֮ܽˣͦبҵĺڰңһжǿ̸
鹫ûг֣Ĵ̼ˣѡڳ˿
õĽ֮ڷ貶ֶݵһΪ֤·ϵһĽ֮ӡ
Ҷʧۣ֮Ҷ̬ȣѿҶӡ䲻ѡ
Ϊʲô⾿Ϊʲô
ںͼʿѪâ
ҶһʼչֳԵǿƣҲѡս
սûҶУǵõ籾ԴϿɣǶôԲĽ֣
ûйԼ飬֪ҶһϵɳǵʱԾѡ˽֮սȴҶûоչԼʵ͵Ϊġ
Щ˾۳ʲô£ǽжͷϣ·ԼǸܺߡ
ڵģĸףɳǳͬû֡
ֱ˿̣֪ڿʶϣԼλֹʮǧ
λһʼע⵽Ҷڲ֮ͬһܹעˣڹؼʱ̸Ϊһϣ
ȴʲôҲŲʣ֪ҶܽͨϿ֮ԾɱŮĹ۵Ӱ죬ʧȥԼжĽ֮ӵһǣע˴ϣ
Ȼʵ۹⣬λȣ̫Զˡ
ˣܸҶΪ·еޣ֤һ·ͨ衣
ɳǳ
ǣ
һ׼Ȼȥ׼ִʱɳǳͻȻı⣬ԳһЦ˰ɣ׼µޣѾĶֺ֣αضһ١
һУҶ֪飬˿̵ȥ




2065 ʥع
ԭʥأأ
۹㳡չصҲǿлѳء
㳡ʯ̨ϣɫ࣬һųص˼㡣
ԴӵõϢ֮Ǳ𼱻ǵʥظһʥرɽ֮Ĩɱ
ڰǾͨƣһ·ϲϿ´ƣƣźա
ڣɽ֮֮ǰˣ롣
ûκηϻٶȽ˵Ҷڵ֮ŵպԭʥش˿ٵΣ
ʣԭʥԳյΣпܴӴ˳
ô
ǵһˡ
ͷȱȻƽʱܲףĴϣԲҿЦ
һʱ䣬㳡Ҷţ˶޴Ϣˡ
С
а쳤ХȦ죬мһɱ֮顣
ҶĽȻȴʧ֮ŵأ֪
ԭʥ֣֮ԼʵãʲôæҲﲻϡ
ͬĻгܰսˣʱ̫ˣǻûбǿֶѡ
ԭʥعն˵
˿̣ȫԼԭʥصˣҶӣΪ˱ԭʥأϧһдۡ
ƴˣʲô֮ôˣǲɣ
һЩӵСѪӿ֪ߵغ񣬴ţҪͽ֮ƴ
ԣ֪˵ЩСһǳţ»֪η
ȫϣ
ʱȣҲûϸ˵վһѣֱӼϽսȥ
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Уսȸһ۶Ƶ裬ǿڶû˱ͨˡ
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Ľߣȥض棬ϴر棬ţĿֻһϧһдۣסˣ
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ҲǷֱԼŻ
һΣҪԭʥعˣ
ʥ⣬ʮŸ˴ӭԣأԭʥ档
ɽūҲǸյǰŸеԭʥء
û˿ԥֱӶɽ֮͸޵죬Ƚʥط©֮㡣
ǳǿƣΪ׼ۼǿߣȻǴоԶʥأҲָֻ𣬸˵ԭʥոճûһ̵ʥˡ
ԭʥأճ
ɽūֱչɽһۣһɽ̤ȥҪֱӲС
ϲģ
ǴŭɽƵģԿɷ׼ۼǿߡ
ڣɽūȻ˸ߵԭʥأǿƵ̬ԭʥء
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ʱ䣬ҡʧɫһƸ֣ӲɽūµĴɳȥ
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ۼƳȥʮɱ⣬ɽūһ½ǽˣЩ˵
ʲô
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Ҫ֪мҵ壿
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Щ˰ɽūʱ˲٣ͬʱҲɽ֮İͶء
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ԣһΣ޵죬ʮ벽׼ۼĿܡ
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Ȼû뵽һֽ⵽ǿЩ˵ʱ
ˢˢˢ
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үڴˣɣ
ƦţհǴķ˻ɽض˿ֲƣɱһС
ͬʱȸҲ˴ԭʥرɱ󱣻м䣬һƸգһС
ʮǿչ
䣡
䣡
䣡

Ȼ
һɽͷըһƱĥ𣬻ɽҲ𲽼
ԭʥ̳˶ƴȫԴԴϵάִת
Уǵѹ󣬲벽׼ۼܣɽūϵĺɽţۿҪסˡ
ڴʱͻȻӿγһܺݺײɳȥ

ɽūŭһ£ָƼ׼۷ֱӽʮĥˡ
ƥбڣǰһ
ڿѪӶˣ˻Ŵ
㣡
ɽūŭɶɢſɲϢٴοɽţͰîˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһӣӲµϽеһƥǽ֮ս
Ϊܶһǿν伫ų̼ϼһ
ȳ¿Ͻæƥ򣡡
ʵǿǿˣ˿̼룬һ
ĸڣȳ¿ˮսðײá

ɽūŭ񣬻Ұɫĳöðˡ


2066 
ӿ죡
ϲվڴͷңĿгĵǡ
ɽԭʥضˣǸūǱˣ
Ȼ
ɫһ䣬ͨյ鴫Ϣ֪ԭʥѣ
²˳٣һ˵ȺҶ̳ǰԭʥأҲҪס޺ʥ˵ϲϣ
ϻȥ
־˵Ҷ⿴أҶûеõ籾ԴϿɣ֮żҶû
ɣ
ϲ־һۣսǿ㣬ȥȽһЩ
ãͰˡ
־Ҳûн飬ˬشӦߵ׼ţֱӺɻȥ
ԭʥؾ̫ԶˣѰ·ĻȸϵԭʥؿѾˡ
ڣʱݲð̵
䣡
׼һ˲䣬ͻȻһ죬Ҷɢʥ⣬ӵ˳
Ҷ
С
ûйǵȻŻˣ

˾ϲĪҶȻͦ٣˻
˿ֻ̣ʣϲɮܡǼˣȥ
ʲô
ϲǵɫУҶһ˿ߡ
˿̣Ѿһ˿ɽǰ治ɫ
ոսӵϢԭʥΣɽ֮Ѿʼˣ˵
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֪żûõģɽ֮Գ֣ԭʥؿѾˡ
֮ǰǣǸūʮ벽׼ۼܣΧԭʥأأضգ޷ɣлɽֵҲֵ˶ˣϾ϶׼۶ǿߣ˵

Ҷŭڣɱ㣬һ˿â
ԭʥضѣںҲǣҵˣ
ܶԷʲôˣǽ֮Ҳη壬ƴһսҲҪѵİȫ
ಣ
ûзϻһŶûпֱ˺գɶȥ

ԭʥأ޺ȫѪڿ֧ţɽ󷢻ӵ˼£ɱҡ
ʮ벽׼ۼܱ˿ֲսһ·ݿ࣬ܶƶֱӱĥ
ɽūǿֲ׼۷ƣһɱÿһضɽҡѿҽӿ
ԭɾԭʥǧٿףʱпܱ롣
Ϊֹˣ
չɽūŭˣֱӼһӣӲһɽΪ촷ۣһ׼۲÷ԲҰ޶鿪һɲҵϢ
һƷ׼۱Ѱ׼۱Ӳһ죬ʮ飬ȺɽӲֱӱ˷ɻҡ
һ̣ɽڶҲ޷Ʒ׼۱ನ
ɽ۵ʧɫɽֻһūвѷǵսľ
ͬʱҲңûţĻԮҶʥرѡ
䣡
ӲĹ£ԭʥصɽźȻ޾Ʊĥ
ˣ
ɽūһ޶һ£ֱӽѪɳȥ
ʲôɽ߹һ
ɽū˻ģۣ˿ûнǷͷӣâԭʥȥ
ۡ
ͬʱƽѪЩһ벽׼ۼܳѪ죬ƬҲ֪˶١
ȻˣЩ벽׼ۼҲܣЩһ²˺ۡ
Щûʹ֪ƣۣһСƦΪơ
ţȸҲ˺ۣҲΨڼ֣ƵĴ赲ܵĽŲ
ţأ˿ңǹѪ˿Ѻۡ
սѷһлɽֲڡ
˿̣ɽƱĥҲĹؼʱ̡
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Цţǿתȼ˱Դս۷״̬벽׼ۼսˡ
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벽׼ۼܣһ׼۶ǿߣֵܼѾ漣ˡ
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ڣƱĥѾûеˣֻ
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ΣͷͻȻһ¡ԭʥسһ˿ѷ졣
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ûκαʾѾʼɢˣӲ׼۶ǿߵһͷ
ৣ
Ҷָһһö˲ιǰɢ˵ܰ㡣

ҶûаϻƦͿȸǻԵ뽫Ǿȹ
顢飡
ǹһչ벽׼ۼֱӱüģ񱩵˲佫ǵԴըˡ
ͨ
ͨ
ﵹصҶѲӰ
໡
䡭
ۣ
һʮ벽׼ۼܣ֮䣬Ҷһһ򱬡
Ϲ
Ҷڿն𣬺ŭȣʡ




2067 ע
Գ棬죡
ҶһۣӾ졣
̼䣬ʮ벽׼ۼܣǺεս
һ̣˽Ծ
С㣡
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ɽūŭɫ࣬Ҫɽôǿ֪
ô
߱ŭȻ˵
ˣ˷ŭܲԷǽ֮Ҳ⡣
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Ϸ´Ӳڣ
ǿ˵ҶپΪңȻֲ֮⡣
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ϲҲڣǰˣҶɱʵãǾȻð֮踣̱ѵͲ˳Ц
˭ҳЦɱ֮
ɽūǿ˵˿۷
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ʤΪΪܣبˣ˽֤˭˵֣
ɽū⣬һǰɢ׼ѹҪλ׼۵նɱҶ
ɽ൱ţϲ˻ΪһҶɽԡ
ޣ
ѾȶһǵѪĭҪƤɣ˲Ҫ޵У˳ϲۡ

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ˣȻôĿ⣬ҲǿĶȥ
ɮִܻһƬ⣬γϣɽūɱ𣬼
ɽūɫһ䣬صǿҪˣҪɽΪУ
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濪ڣɱȻɽūľ߶ˣּܽɱа
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СϷ㣡
һԼеϱӣɽụ̄޲һƽҶĳɷɻҡ
ڴʱõϢҲ׷׸
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ĵװԼʥأ¾Լֲôʱ䡣
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磬мﵽ׼۾ǿߣ
û뵽ԭʥؾȻԱˣ£Ӳǵס׼ڶǿһʱֱ漣
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𾪵ǣҶ֮˲ʮ벽׼ۼܣԣҪնɽūλ׼۶ǿߡ
˲䣬ұģ°͵һأЩԼϡ
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ৣ
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Ҷֳǹбָϣ޷Զ죬˿Өo
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ͬʱ
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˿̣ҶɽūѾսһֻܿӰײս챻ˡ
⡭
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ӣҶ
ſ֮ƽ˵һָһûʶȫǹҶ¼
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ݵ𾪣Ѿ֪Ҷһϵ飬ʱ档
ӣҶĶӣ
ĶӣȻӵҵ磬һϵо춯ص顣
ЩʹȥǿĸжˮȻ䡣
ٴҹλأ˼ԼĶӣû뵽վ֮ʱ
˷ܣ󻼵ûʧֻһΣˣһжûˡ
ǸΣԸ߲ѣ˵
ͬʱҲΪҶģΪܹҶսߣ׼ۣʵ̫ˡ
УҪȥҪҶӣ
Ҷһ˲䣬ϱҲ̲סˣҪ̶ӪҶ
Ҫż
ſ֮Ȼڣڻʱȥսࡣ
ǡ
˵ҶĶֿ׼ۣûΣ
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ͷ⣡
Ҷ̥ʮģȻңһҪҶǶһҲϧ
ΪҶӣκ˵Ķӡ
㻹˽ĶӣǸǱˣѹԽ󣬱ԽǿҸҵӾջŵģȻ
ſ֮ңգ·𿴵δ




2068 ׼ۣˣ
սǳƣʯ£ɱ֮
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һ˻ǹ̴񷣬죬·ҪƬսˡ
ɽūҲǳǿƣͷӣ⣬壬򷨲֣һ
ɱ
ɽūһȣҶȥѸٱأָƼ׼۷ɱһС
ȣ
Ҷһȣֻӳһɱ֣һɡ־ţ˿׼۷򣬺ɽūĴײһ
䣡
ݣâҫۣһɴϢмγһ޴ĺڶ
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׼ۣˣ
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Ҫ֪ش䣬Զ֤֮·裬콾֤·ϣܹɾ׼۵ģһǾžޣ֮
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֣ɽū˲һ˿õԤУҶ̫ǿˣԤϡ
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˾û뵽˵ľȻɽū̫˼ˡ
ͬʱʧɫҶɱεֶΣ׼۶ɱˡ

⧲£ɽūЩɱ˷ŭ˵ĹǣɢΣյϢ
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С㾹Ȼң
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ɽūŭЦ˵֣תɲǼѪƸԭȭҶɱȥ
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ҶִӦսȭӲƴһǣʱɳȥһֱѪ죬ѺۣЩ
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һ֣ɽūʤ׷ٱȭ˺գ񷣬ܶǳֲֿܲĲ׷ըѣ̻һ財
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һЩԤԵۿʼˣһֻӣ·Ҷܵõʲôôһ
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ݵʱڣҶתָ۷״̬
ʩչѰе޾ǿ֮ɲǼ临ԭǽž죬ԡһ㡣
ɱ㣡
ɽūоܵŪʱŭչѧҶ񹥣ָƼ׼۷Ҷ˼š
䣡
䣡
䣡

Ҷƴȫʩչɱɢ֡ر깲ȭƴһ
Ȼ׼ڶϾ׼ۣһ󾳽磬ҶȻô죬Ҳתս֣ɱѹŴα顣
һʥǿߣͻҷˣҶž壬ڿ֧ţȻҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
׼죬ѾԵ֮ɱ֣Ҷд֮͸˫ҽ´˿ɥȪ
شӡ
Ҷ˫ֽӡһӵĴӡԻһ磬ɽūıɱһ
վϲߣҶѡԻɢΪɽūԴֻȭ
磡
飡
ַգɽū޿ɱܣֻܱصһ
䣡
һ죬ɽūӲס˹ƵòͣǹŹֵ
ɱ
Ҷһ㣬ӶֻȭڻһΪΪԴ״ɽūȥ
֮ؼıԴɽūѾ׼۶ǿߣҲѡ
ҶƲˣֻȭ֣ǰѹͼһսǬɱɽλū
һūͣȻţɼɽ֮ƷΡ
һ˲䣬Ȼв˶ҶʤϾ˭ҲԸⱻһǴ۵ͳ
ܹ֮ͳ壬ǿսǱˣػĴȱġ
ɽ֮޴۵ؽȣΪͳ죬ܶ׼۶᲻




2069 նɽū
սϣƹ˲Ϣ䣡
ǰһ̣ǻڸ̾׼ϲ衣
һ̣Ҷ㱬ˣֻȭ񷣬Ƶɽūˡ
˾壬Ȼʧɫ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻֻͣȭѹ磬ɽūڽڰˡ
ɱ
ҶһϺȣ䣬ֻȭգĴƣ·Ӷ֮ȻѹƵɽū׼۷޷ӳ˼㡣
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Ϊֹɣ
ɽūŭ׼Ϣϱǣ·սݲһ㡣
ɱ
ɽūŭڣӣһգҫ۹â˾
̫ɽ
˶ˣв̫ɽϻһ𣬳Ϊһ׼۱ȴǺˣʱѣǿ󵽼¡
֮ѪӢ飡
ɽūٴҶȭɱ׼۷ϣɱһС
һӣҲҳ
ҶԽԽ˳ֻȭأɽūӲƴսи
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ǹϣðˣڵ۱ϣҶռơ
Ϊǹ̫Ƿϴε֮Զʤһ׼۱
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飡
ȭȭѪսˣǿղһſǳʯ׷ױ飬սҪˡ
ԭʥأΧ۵Ȼȫʣκһ˶ϣȻܿ䣬޷⡣
Ҷ飬ȫһĵʱѪƸԭ˷·Ϊһ塣
һ̣·𿴵˿ٵصĳδذãã˼
Ȼس֣УһƵ⣬һ
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һ̣׳ڵ֮УӨɻԣͨ޹

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׼ۣӦսֱֻɽҶ
ȻڣȴųԱ񣬱СҶѹƣԵġ
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ŭĴ޷Ҫǿ״̬ѹҶһѩǰܡ
飡
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ɽūһҶҲɵöݣǿսˡ
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ڣ¶׼۶սԺɨǿգҡ
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ȻʱһжͻȻıˣ˵ı鶼ϡ
ɽū̻貵˲𣬱Ҷһٴλɣݺݵײڷϣը֧飬֫ɡ
ô
˶סˣ֮ɫӿ޾Ŀ־塣
ҶȻûѪ죬ûжκ似һпֲ׼۶ס̫ˣ
ɽūȻֻɽ֮ūͣϾ׼ۣǿ̬ɱѹҶȴҵճ

ǿдһ˻ɽūԡԼѪת塣
ţҲģ
׼۶죬ܸܰһ߾ϣԼϺڣɽϺڣ
ԼսܣϽ
С֣ɱ㣡
ɽū˻𣬶ýȼ˱Դս۷״̬
ɱ
һȣֳѪɫսìһǰһɹ⣬Ҷȥ׼۷ƣѪɫսìζϢ
ϣ
Ҷҽǣɳֻӳ޺ۼ޼ѰһѪɫսì
һһƬɹײɽūϣٴν֮ɳȥ
һΣɽūܴأ飬һΨЮżξѪӵԶ

ɽū׼ɱң
˵䣬ٴתԼξѪ壬ķ·в֮һ㡣
׼۱Դĺѱɱ
۾ԽԽҶıֳԤϣ׼۶ͿսܣȻûлɱѾǳѵˡ
Ĵۣ߾Ҳδս׼ۣ
𣿡
ҶĮƽĵһҾɱһΣҿΡ
һǿ̬׼ۣ߽䶷־֮ġ
˳׾ˣһҶþòƽ
Ҷƿȴûе
׼ǺǿҲѱɱȴģÿһҪķѺԴȻԴ֧Σ
һΣҶԥһһƬɹɨأٴνǣߵˡ

ǣ꾪ֵĴУҶȳɱ𡭡
깲ר꣬ƥ
ɽū˿ʧȥıǱ¶ҶĹ֮£ʱâҽ΢

ҶһȣüѿһӲӵĴӡ˲Ŵ󣬶ɽūһ

ɽū𶯳һҽУ󳹵׼𣬱Ҷӡѹɱޡ


2070 ɽ֮

һļž
˶һĻˣ
˭Ҳû뵽׼۶ɽūȻҶɵնɱ궼ûѣ
⡭
𺳹ͷ
ҶƺѾ޷赲С磬ն׼ۣ֤׼ۣ׼۾޵ˣ
ţ󣡡
ܶ˶˸̾
ҵȱֻ鿴ЦʥǵͷߣƬҲͣ
˿̣ҶһرĵȻûгɱĺȴѱͻʩɱ֡
ΪԼС룬ǲòߣҲҲߡ
Ȼɳز
żҼɫ࣬𺧲ѡ
ôҲû뵽ɽūȻҶС
ʣһս֮ҶѾ춨ĵλҲܹ
ľ֣ش֮
żиֳһɭЦ⡣
ɽūɱɽ֮ưոݣ
ȻǿƳ֣
ʱҶȻǿҲɡ
սԵ
ϲ¶οЦݡ
ҶȻûеõ籾ԴϿɣսһﵽ׼۾죬ӵвڴ۵ս
ˣ㲻ֺ֤η
ֻҪսﵽ֤

ɽ
Ŀһеɽ֮ŭһͷʨɢֲɱ⣬ɱ죬ֱӽա
ΨһӣǰҶɱĻɢʹУ
ĵūͣҶ֣֮걻ѹɿա
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ˣ
ɽֱӳ֣һĳգֱҶȥҪɱҶ
¡¡
һֺֻţᴩ򣬴ӶֱӺᴩϿյսΪ֮䡣
ֶ̫죬ȴָ֮ɸһԴǡ
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ֲѹϯ磬ʿֲֿܲѹĹ
·ҪˣϢϯ磬޳ܲסֲֿѹֱӱ
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𺧣оǴ۸ȫҲ˰ɣ
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ɫ԰ףӵе۱ĵ壬۱ɵȻĪѹ˶޷ֿ·ʥһ㡣
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ҿڹؼʱ̣үүڵ˺߶ֵסɽ֮׼֮ǿûе
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ʮ㣬гŷɱ⣬Ѫڣʬ
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ʦ֣ȾҶӣ
Ӧɽ֣֮һ˲ᵽɤϣֽŵؿſ֣֮Ҷ١
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ҶΨһǣңٴҹλأϴ棬ǰζҶʱ峺Ĵ۾ֺС
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λ׼ӣԴӱ˴˵Ŀпĸ֡
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˴𣬺һԻĴȥ
໡
âһƵʮֱնգݺڴ֮ϡ
䡪
ձˣսױ飬γһֲĺڶʯ˽ȥ촷ۡ
ৣ
ڴʱɹһҶŲ׷ǲڽƿһ˲䣬ܿ˱ըġ
ۣ
Ҷ͵һѪһȻܿ˱ըģǱ˵ˡ
˶˵ʲôתɲǼ㸴ԭˡ
ҼһҶ̲סһ£̫֮ǿˣȻδȴһ޷ĸо·һۡ
ҿϲ׼ۺ߶ƿ˽סɽ֮ľɱһɣ
ʱҲˣȻѾԶԶؽһ˦ܹɱһ׼ǿߣǿУȻһ
Ľ֮ǿֲ֮ÿһſֲʵûд۵Կѹ硣
¡¡
ڳдϢط·Ҫعһ㡣
ǿУܶǳſֲĲ׷ױ飬˲ٿǳǿһ󶯵
ۣ
־͵һѪķֲ̫ˣɫҰס
ϲҲܣȫ߶ɱ۵ĵ۱̵ɱӰ
ǱϾ׼ۣ㻯ɱӰ죬ػ۷塣
޾ǻ䣬ˮһ㣬˵壬Ҷһֽٺĸо
˶֪Σû




2071 һ
ƾǼС㣬ҲҹϷ£ɽ֮ŭ
䣡
ţһֻͻأĳ֣Юϵѹ䣬һ޷ܵĸо
ۡ
Ѫ֣ɡ
汻ֲ׼۷ʳɷɻң걬飬꣬ɢؼ䡣
棬۵ӣӵϵѪȴ˲ԸǰĶ֣û˿ֿ
һɱ
ɽ֮չֲֳʵ
桭
ԭʥϿգޣһƬ
ʥǵľ֧ȴȻˣɽ֮Ĩɱ
˵·һ㣬δһƬڰ
ֻǿʼ
ɽ֮Į֪һģ죬ĶҪ
⣡
ϲһһɲԤӿͷһΣǿ׶༪ˡ
Ϊף˴߶֪УҲҪһ
۱
ɽ֮˿ĲĮ˵ҲҪ˭ãǻӲ۱

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ҪĮ֣ҪϲĨɱٽҶɱԱɱ֮
䣡
ҡѹ䣬һ֣ǿµϲ¡
һ־ɱ׼۰Կסᱻһɻҡ
ˣ
ϲ˾ˣɽ֮˵öԣ۱Ҳ˭ã޷߷۱
Եˣ³ֻһǾ
ɽ֮մ˿飬·ĨɱһȺһ㣬⡣
ˣ
ǧһ֮ʣһŴֺЮϵݺɽ֮Ĵײȥ
¡¡
飬ǿط·Ҫع㣬лϢǿгһѺۣǧ
ǡ
ԭʼſϢ
ϲ˾ܵ˱ԭʼſϢ
Ϊһ׼ۣȻ˽֪ÿжԿǿڡ
ԭʼſ󣬸ϤΪܶʥغϴڡ嶼ڱԼĿպյԭʼſϢȻ֪
ֻǣû뵽ͬΪԭʼſ֮Ȼǻ١
ѣ˴˰ɣ
һϵ򣬴硣
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Ѿǵ磬ػǴҷ𡣡ſ֮˵
ҵ£ֲָֻţ
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ɨҶһۣСעһǣִ̫ԲˣȰ㻹Ǽ֣֮ӣ
٣
ɽ֮Цһ˵ңһ̣˭˵Լһǣ
Ҷһۣ쵶˹裬ſ֮˵˵һǣǺãҾɱôһǣ
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ſ֮һӣֱӽҶнԼߣɽ֮ңңԡ
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㾡Կſ֮η壬ԣ⣬һҪסҶ
Ҫԣɽ֮ŭ˵
Ҳ
ſ֮Ȼ˵ֻ뱣סϣڽ

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ſ֮Ȼ˵һǣôأ
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ڽҲ͸ֻܾԼŬΪҶ
ֻǿϧ־˫۵ӣûѹڰң˴նֵ㲻ѭء
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ſ֮ƽĵӦ֪ҹעҲĻҲˡ
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ɽ֮һ׹ƺ
뱨𣬸һ֤ԼȾ۲֤ԼҲͬԡ
Ȼſ֮һȴòɵ֮⣬ֻһҪҶ֮ҲĻΣˡ
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ſ֮һֻ֣أӦˬ£ҪӦĴۡ
ʥһ㶣ĵͷȻ֪ſ֮˵ʲô˼һɻںӿͷ
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ǿ£ſ֮Ҷ˵֮Գ֣Եϣ类еһ죬ܱҵĺˣҪҵĵͳ
ǰһ죬һ߾ȫǰˡҶ֣ġ
Ǿ֮ܲǹſ֮ʱ֣²ϲҲ⡣
ˣлˣ
£ſ֮Ӱģʧǿ¡
Ӱʧһ˲䣬һҶԺ𣺡ĸϣܿ
䣡
ĸףԭʼſ
Ҷ׻һƬհףĿⶼãȻˣûн㡣
ͻľϲֱԼĶ䣡
ʮ꣡
ڹȥʮ꣬һֱڲѯĸ׵Ϣ
Ѱʮ꣬ûĸ׵ϢʱĸѾˡ
˿̣ĸ׵Ϣܲϲ֣
ˮ˳չ
һĻø𶯲ѣ֮ǲԤʾ
ѵҶһǣ
֮࣬˶뵽⡣


2072 ʦͽۣĸط꣡
һգ𶯣
ſ֮϶ҶһǣҶ
Ϣǲϳһ㣬Ѹͨ磬޴䶯
ȻǣΪûеõ籾ԴϿɣ
𶯵ͬʱҲһɻ
һգԭʥٴǷ׷ҶʾףأԸ⽻á
Цԭʼſ֮ԸҶԵοǣ
æŽɽ޸Ҷİ£¾неɽͷҲһ
ԭʥٴϼεڣһٵľ
һ죬ԭʥضǳ֣ڿˮϯ
Ϊԭʥصƶˣһ¼ǣҶȻ뿪͸λ顣
ԭʥҪչҪ׳󣬱ҪǿҪã벻ܽ
Ҷ֡
̫ʥӹһǸĿڣҪʲôȴ޷ڣϾΣûг֣ûԮҶ
˵ˣ
ҶļͷһоڲС
Ԯһǣһȫ飬ڵ̫ʥػʥ˵㣬Ϊʥ룬̫ʥѡҲ޿ɺǡ
̫ʥأ塢˾ռȣԭȺҶãͬƽ̫ҵģ֮ǰҲѡܱ
˿̣ҶǶѵûټҶ
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Ĵؽ󣬴ǣ۱ȼ硣
ΣѹͷҶ벻ˣû뵽ҶȻ̹Ȼ֮硣
󣬸Ƿ׷뿪ԭʥָֻյ
ζѣԭʥصǿˣ˶һֽȸУһЩ궼ʼƴԭʥ֮ʢ
ǲܲ𾪣ԭϤɽڴս»ٻأĸоԼʵĲ㡣
պ󡭡
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ÿһɽͷӭųɡ
һƽɽͷϣһȺڿȸָ˿˿ƵԪ˳źɽڣıǵʡ
ԶһȺ˴СУսۺսڱǺƦСѪˡ
Ƕҧţûһ˺ۡ
Сѹե£ǵʵҲڷţǱһ㱻Ƴ
ѵϴԭʥһж棬Ҳɺ˴Ĺ˲ţԭʥѾ߹ģ
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սϼɢȥؼһƬȻ
ৣ
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ϰڰֹ֣ƮȻԶȥһسɴ硣
죬Ϣȥ˵ʥ˵ü٣κ˲赲
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Ϊ˱鷳ֱԼϢܿڰڡ
ֱԭʥڲŷſԼϢ˿Ը֪
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ΪҶ껣еĳޣѡڵҶҶ
Ȼ
컯ŪˣҶҲϿҶΪ;
ģǰҶҴԺϡ
һ죬뿪صɽ뿪Ҷڽ
Ҷɽϴ
ԭҶ껣ȴҶȻȻ뿪˵
ع䣬ǲɽУ˵رſ֮Ϊͽܡ
ſ֮Ĺĵãҽͽؾбչء
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أ֤ԼĶ߾ڣն׼۶ǿߣǰ޹˵Ĵ˵׶ſ֮˵ԼĶһǣ
һеһУ֣
ĸѳΪ׼ۼǿߣҲ̲סᡣ
ᣬУ
裬Ժһֱ㡭
ҶҲˡ
Сûܹĸ߳ɽ֮ǰĽᣬΪʼ޷ͻơ
׵ĳ֣⿪ĽᣬһֱԼĸס
֮Ŭǿ֤֮⣬Ӫ֮⣬Ψһǣҵľĸ׵İΣ
죬еĵĺǣң˲仯ΪУ˳ˮ˳
һ̣ԭʥؾĵģ˶ԾĻرܣΪҶʥĸ˽ܿռ䡣
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ȴû˳ЦӾΪҶʥһųϵĳ֮ġ
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ʱ򣬱չصĳаҲõϢҴ߸
ȻҶİ£ռԭʥõɽ壬Ͼ֪Щˡ
㣡

ϲаһһңյ
ãʦ
Ͼϲؽеһ̲ס
Ȼδ̹йĶУһֱʦ
ˣҲὫҶ
ԭΪҲˣû뵽طˡ
㣡
ħŮϽıһǧ˿ʤ
Ҿ֪㲻µġ
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һֱǳڣоϣǵһ֮ʣк֣
˿̣ټϣĽҲˡ
ʦллЩСչˣûûСĽ죬Ҳнʦͽۣĸطꡣܵһݣ
˵ţƮȻ°ݣлаʶҶ֮

аȦֺˣæϲû¾ͺãû¾ͺãһжӦġ
ʦͽۣĸط꣡
һգԭʥسһƬϲ֮У




2073 һԲ
һգԭʥŵƽʣطϲ֮С
ȻΪ׼ϱܰҲμԼδš
裬Ư
ռʱƾԼߵ̣뿪Цĵ٩ԼδţӮ˼ѵӡ
ܰԸԭ򣬲ԴǣֵҲ󷽵壬ϻġ
գԭʥ˶ʶҶʥĸ״ˡ
ȻЩˮϯⲻ˵ģϯʾף
ϵĵԭʥֶһλ׼ʵԽǿѾȫ߱˺ʹоԶĸʥطͥʱ
෴ҵĵλȴһǧɣ汻ɱѾû׼ˡ
Ǿ۵ͷ̫󣬿һĵλסΪ
ڵ֪һ׼ۣҶԭʥ֮ºڵĳӶˡ
ϼżҵЩˣǻ̻̲գϻᱨǡ
ţŵҹӳң
żҲɫ࣬û뵽üǹżҵˣȻ׼ۣЦǻΪˣǶĪķ̣
Ҳ׷㷲顢׷ɱϵʱҲѾ׼ǿߣûж⡣
ҪĲԴϵıĶҶпڽ֤վԭʼſǱ³֮⣬ҪһѪȷ硣
ǵĵ鲢ûзƺ˹ȥĳޣûбκˡ
ڼ䣬ʥӲͷƤǰӭϺҶع壬ǺƦݺݵĽѵһ٣ֱӸ˻ȥ
ڻһѪ֮ķϣնġ
Ҷԭ֪ˣˣ
պԭʥؽƽһлָ
ΪԭʥصɣΪ˲Ҷ׸ÿ˶
һ죬սǵģƦǲ֪١
ͬһʱ䣬ҶҲϢ뿪ˡ

ɭ֣
Գ仢Х޺һľ
Уʮɵİ쵾ζ֮ľԿݡ
֮ĸö֮дУÿһͷޣԼĵ̣һԽ磬Ȼһɱ
أ
һͷ쳤ХҡڵдУʲôǿޣֱӸ·
ڰ󣬱Ȼ뿪ԭʥصҶĸӶˡ
ЩĸӶ˱̸˵˺ܶϵ顣
ڵ֪ҶֻԪʱҲƲסеص򿴿
Ҷ˵ô࣬Ҳ˼ϣĸܹžۡ
ǣԭʥص齻һ֮˱Ȼ뿪ˡ
ȻˣԵĻаǣһʦҪƿƣĪ
Ϊܹ˳磬ڷӡп˺š
Ȼˣֻһ֪Ҷ
֪Ҳûãû裬ȥ˵ˡ
ǵıӱȹ飬Ĵ£ܿ죬Ҷ˱ӡСɽǰ
һ̣ƤЦһı飬һ˫צӲϵп̻̿һϵķŶС
ˣ
ŰǵĶԪˮһ۹
ڰֹͣһ˲䣬һ󲨶һϵַγһŻҶǰ
ˣ룡
˸ʿĶ̤Ż֮УҶĸʡ
Ҷ϶һۣ΢΢һЦҲŻ֮С
ͨУַƮնɱ߾۷ľʥ
ڰǵĻ£Щ磬û˿ɱ
Ҷ̾ƹȻһֶ컯ĶǰͨҲƿӡ
գǰȻ֮ͨͨС
ʱ䣬·ֹһ㣬ǸַȴԶ˺
Ҳ֪˶ãǰͻȻһ⣬ڽߡ
䣡
һޣţڵ
ɲǼ䣬˱ܵѹƣԶʵѹƵĺ
˹Ƽչǧ֮أڷ֮䣬һתƣתޱĹάɳĮֱӽٻġ
ྩ
ٲȻȫΡġ
ȡ֮һԻΪףҶ껸߳ǿʵ£ȫһƬƽľ
峿Ҷ껽һҹæµӰ칫߳ӭųϼɡ
ԴҶߺһֱ޲ꡣʵҲڻţȻæҲûһ¡
Ҷ˵ĺܶԣͳȫҪһǿǺʹľҶ֮ǰͻƿ˵еľ磬Ҳûôľ
Ҷ껵λҶȻҲˮǴߣΪȫһ壬ྩžصĵλ
ȻҶǰһһٻӰǰ
ŵŵţ
Ҷһ𾪺Ͳš
Ӱ˼ĺİˣϣ
ҲΰɣҶ껲˵
ͻȻݺݳԼһ⣬˲һѪ˿˳
껸硭
ϴһ£۵סҶ껵ůţ˵ңˡ
ҵ
Ҷ껵촽ڶ£ȫûͳȫİֻһˡ
ЩꡭˣҶھε˵
һ仰ϵҲ̲ס˸滨ꡣ
Ҷ˵ûЩ꣬ĺܿ࣬ܿ࡭
һеĿ࣬ڼӺͰ˵һ̣Ѿ׻̣ɢˡ
ߣһΣҪؼң
ãҶ껲ŷӦһ𣬻ĿµĹâһλߵİչ¶ţһΣҿ˭
Ҷûг֣Ϊĸ۵Ŀռ䣬˿̵ҶҴԺ
ֻǣû֪ѾǱˡ
ڸĸʱҶҲȻҶ˵Ϊ˸׶˭ʲô£ĸ֪
ܿ죬Ҷ껺ҪҶҴԺϢ㴫ˣҶ𶯣̫үҶԶɽˡ
һΣ쳣˳ͬҶ껲ҶҴԺû˵ʲôֻǿϵгھΡ
˿̣Ϻʮǰûʲôı䣬ףʳ˼̻ӡ
꣬ǣڸĿģ䳰ȷϸϳҶҡ
ʱʮ꣬ٴҶңȴһ⾰
ҲЩпʵΣȻ˺ܶ಻׵£΢΢
ûгֻ֣ǸŴӿԼɷߵϣаζӳ¡
Ӱգڿѹ꣬ƵԼĺ޲طȥ
á
ҶҵϴҶӭȴ֪˵Щʲ
ҶᡢҶľǵӡɷ򣬵ǿǲķ̴ϣ˵ʲôãҪԼĸ֦֦ͷˡ
Ȼڵȴǣ˼ĸ֣ܹ㲻ҶҲԲǰ϶ѣҶ껣ǸͲκν
ʲô˵ˡ
ǿ裬ɨһۣҲԭǵġ

Ҷ˼ɵۣĵͷ
û˼ƾʲôԭ㣿׵ضԼԭ񶾵Լ
Ӧң껸ͷҲ̤һ
̾Ϣһ˵Ӧһָ壬껸ļˣҲΪѣԣ͵ԭ˰ɣ
ҶβѣȴʲôҲû˵ǷµծվҪġ
ҶҵôԴϵģĳͷ˵Ѿˡ
Ϸ򲻺ãäίˣ
ʱ̫үҶԶɽҲˣɨһҶˣˣӦܵͷ㲻ԭҲӦõġ
껸磬߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ټĵĵط
ðɣ
ҶҲ֪Ҫϳ׽⿪ĽᣬҪʱο壬̫үҶԶɽ˸񣬴г뿪ҶҴԺ
ϺҶ˵ıӰҶ겻ѣĽͯŮǣΪ˼棬Ҷ̫̫ˡ
Ȩ˸ϣǺΪ֮ɣ
ʱҶӰ߳ĮɨһҶҵĴԱصҶҶסҶ桢ҶͣƬ̡
ͷҲص뿪ҶҴԺĸžۣҲȥˡ
һˣȻԳһ壬һĲǿʲôã
ҶԶɽͷһϵĿɨҶˣĵ˵ɣǲʲô֮£ʵҲˡ
ҶԶɽҶ֮˵Ƿ϶ûĿĵģҶҵĴԱУʲô񹲷ߵ顣
Ѿܾòˣÿ壬
Ȼ֣Щ£ԼҲУҶˣҶΪȫһ壬ϲüԱҶҵ
ҶԶɽϵĿ£Ҷ˷׷׵ͷʵʵĽԼְ֮㣬аŮ˵һЩ顣
ǡˣ
ҶԶɽԽԽ𾪣ѹҶǰ˵Ǿ仰ȻȨ˸
Ǽȫְú÷ʡʡ
ҶԶɽ˵ٸüΪҴǵĹȡ
ҪҶ˲ҽС
һ죬Ҷ𶯣ĴԱж˱ְýϹǸ
ЩҶ֪飬͸ĸžۣྩһ羰ķİСۣһ˺Բڡ


2074 ؾޱ
һҹ纮ͮƺ
ѩƮľɽɡ
̫飬
׷ۼ׷ɣ̱档
¿Сţ̾÷ݣ
ྩһҹ֮䷢ޱ䣬ʢĵȻƮ˶ëѩ
峿ྩװع滨Ϊ澰
Ȼྩط׷׷ģ򶼷˾䣬ֲڷһЩݼȻ˱죬쳣
·ըһָϢ
̶һǧͻȻǣһҹ֮ʮ࣬ơ
߻һƬȻǴԶģغԿϵƺɾһ㣬֦ҶʮٲȻһƬɭ֡
ھ̾оҪˡ
ϢֻƬ̱㱻ˢȥΪи˵Ϣ
һ񣬱ԼˣֳѪȣȺѾ֪٣ϣйزŸ͡
ͬͼһƵɹŰǰ֫ϱۣ׹ɭɭĻᵽŨҵѪζ
ģôˣ
ϳ˳򶼳ˡ
ʳݶıϰԣȻʼˡ
ҵĸϽĹˣ֮Ҹˡ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶ڿֻţֶһήԼͷϡ
ԭ˳򶼳ˣʲôǲܷģ
һҹ֮䣬İ˶һֻεĸо
ȻһжʵԾڼϢͨѶĺý塣
ص˰׷תڣϳݸзϻͯļ󡣡
ɽˮ䣬һԻǣһȭʯڴֵһϡҪǣʿһͨˡ
һըԵսǵļޣܶ˶ˡ
ֻţȺӣ޿־£Ǳ÷ˣֱƵǲŽֹ
ҪƲסˣòӣѹѪ¼
㷢¥Ҿ磬ʮɥԭȻǶ¥סһľ˱죬һҹ䱩ʮӲ¥ѹˡ

һʱ䣬Ϣɣһҹ֮䣬Ļ
ԪüŨǰʮ
ʿҲӣϲĪΪͻˣٸԶɱ˸֪
ʿԣε䣬Ǹٶʮ
Ҫع𣿡
ܶ˾ʧ룬֪ʲô¡
쳣ų˱仯̫־õģܿͻרվҥ
ȻҶҲæòɿص顣
к֣ܶ԰ֵһЩƾԼ˵ˣǿҲſ¡
ҶҲˣֻһʼӵľޱ仹ں档
ؾޱҪʼˣ
ϵҶ𣬶ߣһͬѩ
Ҷû˵Ϊ֪ĸ׿лҪ˵
Ȼúϱٴοڣ籾Դȡߣ޷ѹ磬ڰҪʼˡ
Ҷţȴ羪κһ㣬û뵽籾ԴȡߣȻ˵
νＫطʢ˥ؾޱ䣬ࡢŨͬģħ硢ҲŨսǰࡣ
ĻҾҪǰط磬׼Ӧսˡĸ׵ĻҶƬ˵
ȻȥҲã׼ʱҡ
ϿһҶĿг˴Ȱοĳˣ֪ػȡᡣ
ûлȥѡҶһЩʱա
ϾڰһΪһӣ׼ۣܲս
Ҷʵ̫һħȫûԱ
ʱ䣬ԼһЩʵΣյʱһЩԱ
죬ҶͰ뿪ྩάɳĮеĿռͨڸȥ
ǰǽӡķϵʶڽȥʱ򣬲ڱڳڡ
ƾ׼ۼΪֻ˷һ԰Ȼȥκ⡣
磡
ɽ󴨶˾ޱ䣬һɽϼԭԪϡĵطҲŨһڡ
Щʥء̫ҵأ֮أϼǧԪˮ
磬ŵغԴҲ˾˵ı仯
һУԤʾŴսضһβץסλᣬһɳ죬δĴսлĻᣬпڴս䡣
־ޱУܶ˵ͻƣ廹壬ǿеޣξޱеõ˾޴ĺô
䣡
׹ܶͻƺӭԼ٣ǿ
һʱ䣬綼ͻƣʵǡ
ͬʱħҲ쳣Ũɫһ㣬ơ
£ħвͻƣʵ
䣡
һ죬ħƷһǿ˺գͨͨħ磬ֲѹħ綼
һֵսʼˣҫǵһսҪƽ壬ɱɾǱǵūȦûģ
ǿħϿը죬гɿԡ
У
ħ˴鼤
ȴô꣬ӭսǿգǷǳ˷ܣ۾ƺŨɱ¾ҲѪ⡣
㣬ûУǿߺȻǳε˵Ļԣٴδʵ
У
һΣħ˵룬Ⱥɽҡħƶɢˣ¶˻Ұա
ܺã
ǿߺֽһ֣׼һ£һܺ˵ٹ⣬˵ҫʵˡ
˵꣬ûͣڸħһЩϸ֮󣬱㷵硣
ħǺڰҵļȷ棬ڻңÿǴٽ֮ǰħУ̽һʵͬʱǵ
̫ˣսǿҪʼˡ
ұȻɾ׼ۣɨǿգҫ
岻϶ѣֻǿϡ
ħ۷׷ףѣЩħǿߣԾԾԡ
ǿźǿԽУ塢塢壬Ӧ˵ֻǱǿϡ
һЩһħǿߣ˷ܣҪһսУԼ硣
սһ涼ǣҲԴɱ¾Ӷոǿʱɢǿ
ħôŨҲǿʱɢ
ǱǿԴȪ͸ȻԸ
ǿ뿪֮ħ綼ˣ׷׼ǱڵĳԱȫϣɱ¾гɳ
һʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ڱս˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
úħ㰲ź˲γѡ
Ȼǰֶ͹ٲ˵ģ޷ǾǶɱ飬Ϊ֮ࡣ
ѡϵϲüң˸Ŷɱ¾Ŀ
ûѡϵ̾ΪһαǿĻᡣ
ƺǿ嶼Ǵ׵ĸһ㣬ɱ¾ȡʵ


2075 ħ
ħ磡
ʮװÿһ˶ǳ˷ܣ۾˸Ѫɱ¾Ĺâ
ʱڣһ¡
ħǿߣħͻ䣬ӣȻһͻ˶Ϊһ׼ۣħʵٴαǡ
ȻҲ˳µĳΪħȷ沿ӵ죬ָӡ
죡
ħչŴƮǺŷħХħ硣
ħڹ㳡Ͼĵȴţһϳ˷ܵĹԡ
ǰһϵļ̨滨ư߲صķġ
˿̣ħվڼ̨֮ϣսǰԱ
ʣĿڲżã̶̼仰ɿħħţһ໽Ҫս򣬳ɾͲഫ档
һ飡
ħ׼ʱһȺ
˷׷ķȥֻȺУʮ֮һī峤ڶվȺǰ
˵
ѾΪ׼۵Ĺħ˵
īȡħĵλųΪʮ֮һġ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҷ¶֮ͨĳ;Ϣħ硣
ʱħȫˣֱš
ҶȻļϸôأ
Ȼ紫ϢҲҲţǣŭµĹħЩħ
ħȻûб壬Ҳǣ˺ܶ˱ɱУǱ䵽ݽߵı߽ຮ֮أΪ͵ȵļ塣
ī֮ǰͻ֣ƸȡħĵλһԾΪħʮ֮һ
˿̣ī峤ƵĿڣսǿգȻˣǺβħɵǰߣǳ䵱ڻң
īԣ⣡
̼Ҽ͵ϸʵǿп֤֮ǰֱֲѿһˣħ˿ǰߣ䵱ɱ¾ߺڻңϻǸСҪؼʱԸϸСӣһһʧ
ī̼峤Ļħɵùƽкã׷׾ããȳͷħ壬ϻΪʣвҶֱһõơ
д⣡
ħͷ˵ˣһ˰ɣħһѺ⵽ˡ
ּ
̡īҵ峤һۣӱ˴˵п˸Ĺâ
쾫ˣϸ߽
ħ߻ģ
ɽˮݲӡ
Ҫǣݽߣ޷άħʿ
Ƭຮ֮أħѵ棬Ҫˡ
ΪѵףϻõĴ֪
ԭ޲ֱеǻֶŮ
ˣϻõĴȻǳ⣬˵ӡ
һ죬īҺ̼ҴӢͻȻ٣˵ֱץˡ
ħѾΪħ͵ȵļ壬˶۸Ҫκɡ
Ϊʲôץǣ
ַʲô
ҪץҲץǸɥǲŶԣ
ħ˷׷׿ڣԩͼīҵעϻȥΪԼѡ
ٷϻ
īһӢֱһƽԭת߰Ȧ³ŻѪˮĴ׵ϸߡ
һħԱ̱ˣֻоֵĹâ
ԴҶݱ¶֮ħһӴ̳ϵĽʮ֮һΪħ͵ȵļ壬ܾ˵İۺ裬ʲô˶ܲһš
ЩħѲϣ嶼ıԵ棬
һֱǣǶľˡ
ǰؾޱ䣬ݽߵı߻ģҲŨάˡ
ڰңΪʽı߻ģܹϢٴǿ
Ȼ죬ʣ̼ҺīҴӢͻȻ٣ɷ˵ֱץˣһֲԤС
ŨŨĿ־ÿһħĳԱͷ
ϻҲץһֱӱħǡ
˿̣ħսħװһڻŶɱ࣬湦²Ĵ˵
Ը⽫
һĻǰ뵽̨ǰħġ

ħĿһۣǻûʸ񣬲˺ʴȣ֮ԴǣȷһᣬͿαˡ
ģһ߾ȫɱħͷ缦ףĵ˵
Ȩ㣬Ұѳ˵ǰ棬ҷκ춯һĽĨɱ֪𣿡ħĮ˵
֪֪ģħ屾޳ͷ֮գܸһᣬһƴɱУʧġ
м㣬˿֪ԼѾħڻңĶ󣬴ǣѹեһʣֵ˶ѡ
䣡
ڴʱһŨͻȻ٣һۣǿ߽٣ֲѹħܶһ
һֲǿߣͻ׼۾ĹħҪǿ
ʣϽʹߣħǿ˵ͬħһ㣬ضǿ
ӭħʹ
ħһݣæλӭӡ
ض񣡡
һ̧֣һƬҹ⣬ħĵǷ֮ΪһЩġ
˵գһ֣һƬҫ۵Ĺâ̵۾
âɢȥǰʮʽħеǹꪡṳ棬ӡ֮ࡣ
ЩħȫڰգɢſֲĲȻ׼ۼħ
һ̣ħʮȫɵˣǴδ˶ħÿһֲܹӳ˵ƻ
Щʹ͸ǵġʹƽ˵
ٴóһӨ͸ɢſֲϢȻʮ׼ۼħҪֲ
һ㳡ѻȸ˵ĿⶼССĹˡ
ʮ׼ۼħҲ΢΢ƺһ㡣
һĻħȾҾ塣
ϽȻǿһħѣȻɢ˿ֲĲ
Ǹоȫһܹٵħ硣
Ѿ͵Ҳˣף쿪ʤɨ졣
ʹûзϻ˵ֱ֮ȥӰһʧǰ

ħʮ׼ۼħַʮ峤Լƿع󼤻ϵļ̨йһŻֱӺգֱ⡣
ħΨһһͨļ̨ƽʱ֮УֻؾޱʱŻ֡
Ҳ֮ǰҶħûѰͼ̨ԭ򣬷ؾޱ䣬Ͳ֣˭ҲѰ
Ȼˣ۳⣡
ﵽ۵ľ磬Ѿûʲôܹǵĸ֪ҲҪͼ̨˺գɵκһ㡣
̤̣ɨ磡
ħһ֣ħеŻ֮ڣնȥ
㳡Եϻÿųħɵ뵽ҶɫȻ۾һ˿ʹ
˿̣ĺܸӣ뿴ҶվħĶ棬ǸǲܵģҶ壬ս޷⡣
գ·¶ĳ־ģ˸ü
ȻǶ壬һǾǵĺӣ
ϻḧԼ΢΢¡Сֻǣټ𣿡


2076 ս
ħһָҡ
Ѱһ·̤ǿչ·ҪһЩʱ䡣
ͬʱǿչ·۹ؾ޳ǣҲӭս׼
ǲ֪ħʲôʱ򵽣ǰʵ˼Ұߣʿ̾ͽǿչųǣ÷׼
ңϵﶼǿչ·ľ޳֮Уħκλᡣ
ͬʱйųȫرգ󣬱ųǲơ
Ϊÿһųǣʿ飬һƣһ޴ѡ
壬塢ǿޡЩžϵ壬һҲȫ˶Թһ¶⡣
Ͼħ鹲ͬĵˣ£ǻڧĻԾĹ
žŹ棬ʮһǣ
ǿչ·յ㣬Ҳκڰұħ﹥ĵһվ
ʮһǷǳ̣ǳɵģǽϿŹϵƣոǳǻ֮תˡ
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һ˳Ḷ́սԽ࣬ħԽǿյϢԽࡣ
ƺһĶѭԽ࣬ħԽǿ󣬶Խǿ󣬶вԽ
ѭȥħԽԽǿգȻһֲĽȫֻܹ֮׳ħܹ
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ԣʮһǵĳһʼ㶨սȻ˵㣬ȷЧ
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һΣ¾ûôˣΪʮһǵĳ֣ħεĴУȻһ׼ۡ
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Ƭ֮󣬳ڼֲסˣ׺飬ȱħһӵ룬չɱ
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ҲҪϸ汳ġ

ʮһУ˶ѪԺӣȻսҲҪش
һʱ䣬׳ڰʮһǸųǳŨѪζͲҵϢ
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ʮһǵĳնɱħǿ֮󣬱ħ͵ϮԹһɱ⣬ĺԡ
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һսħʵƱظǿǵĹųǣûаʮһô̲ࡣ
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ǰߴϢħ̫ǿʵǿĲ׼һѣԣҲһӽȫ¶һѻ̽٣Ǻмܡ
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ϵĻ˲ȻľԺڰµʶȸиǿˡ
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׼ɢȥ׼ʱһ洫
Ҷ޳Ӱڴ֮⣡




2077 ݷùſ֮
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ҶҡͷһսһҪμӣңѾûʲôˣֻսУͻơ
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Ҷ֣صĵͷҪսΪڴսͻƣҪǣϻҲսҪڻսо
ôϻûжԲĵطı֡
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٣СһּˣϹҶ֣Ĵк
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Ҷı飬ƺʶλ׼۶Ϳˡ
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ſ֮һתȻģͷӣҲġ
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Ҷһǰ˿ǹſ֮ȻЩöܹڳǰһЩʵȻٺòˡ
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㶨֮Ҷתſ֮ؾܷȥһЩˣǿʵҲ֮ǰ

ſ֮бһۣΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ؾռޣĶӵķϣұʮ
˵ţһָǣҲ㣬ԣ㻹߸ú˭ɡ
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۲黹ԣһָֻǱĴ󻷾ѹƵ̫ˣʱ䣬ΪȻһʱڡ
ڶ֮ܰ壬ھ͵֮Ѿȫ޺ƣһΪɣʵɲ⡣
˾ͽˮ壬ٶȼ졣
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һ飬ʺԶѣֻŵΪһֱûרκˡ
֮ҶûƽͿȸǽ
ҶΪȡĻԵܷסͿԼˡ


2078 ħʹ
պ
װҶ
λ׼ۣǧӢƺƵӵԺǿչ·֧Ԯǰߡ
һɸǿգҡ
ʱ󣬴ǡ
ԭѾʧ֮ܲԪطǳŨʱ׵䡣
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ڰұħ֣Ѿ棬ȻҲõϢ
ƿ׵磬Ĺ似ħ嶼пƵЧȻҲҪս
Ҷڴ֮Уʱ۾һϲĵҶֵܣҲڰ
ҶЦͷƷ׵ǹ͸ڣҲǿߣɿˡ
ûͣپӢ֮󣬱ǰУһ·
һḶ́λ׼ۿ·ԩ·
պ󣬴һǣ΢֮ϲֱ֣̽ӽԭһǳог
зӵĸףһԭֻҶϵĵ۱ڣϲ˹Ѻ֮Уֱŵüա
֮һΪȣħ֡
˿̣ޱȣȫû˵һʱǡ
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ͻȻϵҶڴǰֻλ׼ۿ˰ӡ
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㡢㡢ôôͷᣬĿ⾪֣˵ȫˡ
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ЩйҶϢǿչ·ϴˣ֮УͲ֪
˿̣ܵҶֲʵ֮ȫɱˡ
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׼۵Ĺħ̼ħͻƣΪ׼۶ǿߡ
Ψħ˲أˣʣʮˡ
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˶һۣԵһħʵ̫ˣʵȷܹɨǿչ·ĸǳҲס

һʿɱϲ˺ͳħʹߵҪͳˡ
˵ǣǱˣʹ߽ҵҪʲô
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2079 һս
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ħУܶ˶жϵҶɾУȻ
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һĩһľããһƬޱߣûоͷ纣ɨһУʲôڡ
𣡡
ħǿϣĦŭ𡢲Һüðˡ
෴ױȴһͷͻһж磬ͬʱֳ٣֯ɸֵɱ
ױģ
컶Ϊױкãһսϡ
ħһƬȵĿױˡ
໺𡭡
ϣĦŭͷ裬֮ŭޱȡ

ʵãֻΪƵģûаᣬյ֮ıԴ˺
̶һӣҪֲסˡ
һ̣һĳ嶯߯Ƕˡ
־Ҫһսٻɳǿߣħʿ
û뵽Ȼգɳһרſǿߡ
Ҫ֪ħ屾ض壬аµľ١
еңֻܱ򣬱˼㡣
룬ңһԼ٣ɡ
Σϣ
ٽȴûʲôΨĻ֮ҪƬǿն顣
ױݣһ׺ߣٲմΪá
һ̣忴Ŀж˾⡣
ߴµһֱħĿǡ
ֻϧ£ʿʺҪ󼫸ߣܹΪξħ֣
ٽ׹⾻һа
׺Уױ߾˫֣̫ٽһӣֱѹ֮С
𣡡
ϣĦƤܶط¶˰׹ǣҵ˼㡣
һĻħսľ
˿ֲ٣мܿס
䣡
ϣĦƴȫĴԴŽӻ飬˳
һսûˣȫǱᣬһ㻹ֵĻᶼûС
ÿҪױͻʩɱ֣мֲٽñͷܡ
ˢ
ϣĦǱʱͻȻʧˣţױҲʧˡ
һ㶣˭Ҳû뵽ıʡ
սϣֻħǿϣĦױȴʧˡ
ô
У˾Լ۾

ħЦʿǡ
ϣĦ֮ǰôңվǿսϵģǿߣ㹻ˡ
ǲսʤģ
ħң
ս޲ʤ޲ˣ
ɨǿգǹѫഫ˵
ħǿգǿս⡣
ٺ٣ٺٺ١
ϣĦܣЦӮˣյʤߣңħ壬սʤ
δأ
δ䣬дһߡ
ţͷѿһǹӰ׹⣬һɹ⣬ඥ룬ֱӽǿ֮¡
ۣ
һ죬ϣĦըһҽжûзŨֱӱ֮Ĳˡ

һĻٴ𾪣
ħĻȻֹ·߬ס˲ӣֵֻܷĿ¶־Ĺâ
䣡
򱬷ĻױֱΪӢۡ
ԪħıȶҰܶգħıȶ״λʤǿƻɱԾ̱塣
ħ壬ˣ
ױһޱɧĻƨƨߵҶȥĻӶ
Ҷǰױ֮ǰĿ̬ĵҸղŵı֣ûи嶪ɣ
ǣ
°͵һأӲҽϡ
ʲô
ӭױȻҶΪǰȫһСܵ˶Ӳˡ
벻ǣҶȻ̹Ȼܣĵǿ⡣
ǿ⣿
˶ãҪôԼˣҪôˣҲ߯˼ˣ


2080 ָɱ
ǿս
Ŀɿڴ־޴ķֱǻ
벻ǣҶ˵аɣǿ仰֮ױǵŭֵƨƨߵģ·ܵĪĹ
һĻֱˢҶ֪
ϮҶһǵ۲
ʵսپȴôʱ䣬֮սУǴɡ
ҶѵױԴˣӦȫԸɨҶһ㣬ǳ磬ѵ㲻ãͽȻ˷ⲻǱȶǳսѰ·
лָ㣬С֪ˡ
ױķڷĶȻ͸һѪ
һҲ˳˼
Ҷ˵ûս˲Ϣ䣬ʲôпܷÿһпڹؼʱ̷ŤתǬãȷӦ˷ѡ
һ̣˿ҶĿⶼˣ֮ǰɺͲ塣
ϲͷҶѾ׳ɳѾһ۵ϻο
ݵĻ󣬵ڶȶʼˡ
һΣΪƣħϳ̼һţ̻ģԽ졣
δ֮ǰƾԼŬҲ൱߾
֮󣬸ǲбɱ¾飬˿Ѿﵽ۷壬ֻѾ׼۾ʵ֮ǿ޳ߡ
˵׼֮£޵еģټħ壬ħţǿҲٴγǿˡ
һսħʤҲҪʤ
ΪѾ䲻ˡ
սʧٰһĻҲͲرˡ
ΪʿΪ˴ģһսҪӮ
Ҷǰ
̻ĴսֱҶսϣ˽նɱΪԼĸ籨
ҲˣҶ߾ڣһ硣
ţֻҪҶҳսؿ̵ʱڽС
ԷȻҶսɵɫŹ·ڱЦ
ǲܲЦ
Ҷʲôˣ棬Ǭ׼۶նսɲ⡣
ңħá
£սҶ
ħȴûڴһս
ǸͲ֪ҶЩ˵ս˽⣬ͣҶ뿪ħһ̡
ħ֪Ҷն׼۵Ļ̻ĳս
˭սһġ
УһЩҶʵֻ̬ȵģһֻ
ղѵױʱ˵ǽһ
ֵˣ˼ָյս㣬ܲܲӦսɣ
ʱЦˣˣҶٶȻֵܶĻǶ˿ɾͶˡ
һȻϲǵĲ֣˭Ҳ֪ϲѾڶսҶϳˡ
ϲʾ£Ҷ߶սȥ
һ̣࣬žû˿ɱ⣬һͨһ㣬ȫ
աաա
ȴǳߵ̤ǿգһһ㣬ս
Դӹ˳Ҷ֮һֱĽᣬȻԸıҶˣȴʼ˳
һսǣ˵ģ˼Ҷʵǳ˽֮⣬ڹעս
ʣһսҶսʤʤ˱ȶʿ
ҶˣδȷԣϲȻǿ󣬵Ͼ׼һ죬Էȴ׼۶ǿߣʵ˿ռơ
ԣһսҪ
ħ˵һսͬҪܷƣͿ̻һսıˡ
Ķʵ׼֮޵УһΣӮˣ̼峤Ц
ҲôΪ޼峤ͷͣЦ÷ǳ⡣
ħȻû˵Ѿ¶̻ĵģţ̻һԲʹɱҶ
ħУ˫֪ʵãԶ֣Ҷɱ
һ̣ħĿ⣬ǿսġ
̻ķǳǿ󣬻ζһħɱᴩ
һǿа𣿡Сֹ
ȻǵۻʵרѪ֮ǿ󣬵Ͼ֮ԣϢǷǳеģоⲻ
߹
Ҷ⣬ϢԱ˵ģ˵ȴûаá
Ҷɱֳ¾ħ徫Ӣɱ㣬Ϊֳеħ徫Ӣ𡣡
̻ɱȻ񶾣һ㣬˸ⲻ
Խ𣿡
Ҷƽǿսħ˫һȻ
ţ
ħ⣬׷ֹΪҶ̫ˣɡ
Ҳ˶Ҷʵֻ̬ȣ̫ˡ
Ȼⷬ൱ѹֵĻΪЦ
һ̣˶յĶԹҶܹ쿪ʤԻ͡
ǿսУ̻һ㶣ЦԣҿýԵ㣬Ҳġ
̻ģĥʲôأٳ֣
ħУĮĿڣߴ̻ľ֣ɱҶս
£µǣ֮ǰĵȴɱħôˣʹȥǱ𣿡
̻ɭɭЦ¶żݣ˸ź⡣
˵ҶʮԸδܣǿƶҶΪϣʱԻɱ
Ҫ̣ų֡
ķϻ࣡ҶĮ˵
˿̣ϵһԣĿ̻ġ
Ҳų֣ҪȶԷŹˣʱ֣һɱá
սĥҶĳɳһֶΣս󻯡
˿̳֣ɱ̻ĵĻȻҲ𾪣ħĴȴ
ħƸǵʱٳ֣״ǵģҪĽ
ǱĵԽߣˤԽء
Ҷȥˣ
̻Ĵһǿҡֲɱϯǿա
ٵˣҪҶѪֳ飬ͬʱʱɢľһ׼۾Ϊ˵еϡ
䣡
̻һȭݣŨ֮֮⣬գҶȥ
εɱƵǿսڲ޲һȭҶ䱬ˡ
̻ıʤ
̻ĳ֣ħ˶㣬ս纣
ħҲ΢ɲİͷΪ̻ĵı޿ޣҶɡ
һ̣ͻȻãԼǲǸ߹ϸˣʵҲôǿ
Ȼ
ʱҶˣŲ׷ǲһɹ⣬ȭͷŻ⣬л編ζɢֲϢ
飡
˵ȭâײĿĹâǿгһѺۣԶӣһſǳը貵Ĺâ̻һ㡣
˵ȭͷײһ̻ĲҽһȭͷֱըѪֱۡš˫ȡ
ֻʣһͷ­ǿƮţоǾֵɫ
꣡
ҶһֵָĿУһâ˲䶴üģĨɱ
ɲǼ䣬ȫž


2081 ǰ
졢׼ݣ
ѣһֱݿ࣬Ʋɵ
ô
ⲻܣ
ôôǿ
ݵ𾪺ħԼ۾
ӦõŶԡ
ߵĺ⣬ǲӦĿôܻܣ
Ǵ𣬷޷Ľ
ȻǳҶǿͬ޵Уħ壬ͬȾ£ҲҶĶ֡
ȻҶ߾𣿺̻ȣһС磬ôһͽ̻Ļɱأ
Ҫ֪ﵽ߾֮ÿһС磬ʵǵ蹵ࡣ
ǿ̻ļ㲻УҲ޿ܱɱѵҶ˾
˵ѾһֿԼʵϣҶѾ׼۾ôɱ̻ģ
ף϶߾׼ۣ
̼˸޷̼ܶᾫӢ׷׿飬Ϊףƻ˹
ƨҶʥ߾ѵϹ𣿡
䲻˵䲻ʲôڣ
УҶĳߣ׷׿ڣħҶˮ
Цǿ£˭֪Ҷǰøձеһ׼ۣ
ɱһ߾۷ħ壬˵Сһ
ˣ
ħɫ࣬ŭұ죡
Ҳǳ𾪣˿ȴ۾Ҷȷ߾һӹɵġ
ֻǣҲ벻ͨ߾ڵҶô˿ֲս
ħѵһ֮ħʱɫҰܣʿ䵽˼㡣
ʿ֮ǰҶʵЩҲı͡
ħıȶʤ֣بδ֮ȺӣһսעҪʷᣬʷ
˲
Ǵ˿ħ徫Ӣͬδ֤׼ۣ˿ֲսɳسħĸ󻼡
սԱʵѾûбҪˣʤܣħ嶼ˡ
بĹأҪսҲƻ
ݹżأκıȶȻսܣȴѭûƻء
һΣֵǣȻҲԶš
ңţıȶħʤ
Ϊоһ׼ۣһ졣
£ǻʲôɲսأ
οħʿԣҪһʤʿսһʿħ϶ҪԿġ
ڴˣħǲͬ׼۶̼ħҪɾӮһıȶһصĴ
սͦǹҶħ徫ӢǺ޵޲һƽϴˢ֮ǰĳ衣
Ҳ֪ƻأ򼴱ܹҶɱҲƱػἤŭ𣬵ƴһս
ǣֻǿŭҶȥ
ħǿߣȫĸ󻼣֮졣
һ̣ҶҵĵħɱµİףΪҪɱĿꡣ
˶ãҶҫʱȴϵûлǼսеȴ

˭֪أ
Ѳȶ
һĻħסˣҶĿг˲˼顣
˵ܡ
һǿ˵Ҷʥն׼۵ˣħ׼ۣҲûһս֮
ǱԼĲ²ˣսǶԾ׼ۣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǾãȫпܣƾҶ·ȫó
ʵϣĲ¶ˣҶû볡׼ӭսħ׼ۡ
۷׷׵ʱҶķʽλ׼ۣħǿҲ׼۶죬ȫսһݿħģǵ
ã
λ׼ͬ⣬ϲһСģ㲻ʤҲ޷Լ
ɮܽӿڵûԼİȫǵһλѾʤһҲ޷ɲʧ
һ岻ĳۣҲ˵һ䣺Ż
Ҷͷİɣзִ磡
׼̣֮ҶԸ˾ٿ³çʵȴʮİա
ħʵϵȷ嶼ҪǿϢκһ壬ĸʴԺɱ
ȴûʲôЧҶ˵ħĿǣ֮Ͳʹˡ
ͬΪ׼ۣħܷӵʵ塣
ԣҶ˾٣俴գʵоԵİա
Ϊħ似̫˽ˣν֪֪ˡ
£Ȼȶûпʼȴעˡ
ȻĿ֮£Ҷǹźѹѹħһ
󵨣
Сħ壿
˻һħȻŭŭ⡣
Ҷ˿ΪϣĮ˵Լ˭棬ʵڲô

ħһƬȻ׷ױߣҶŭĿӡ
ԭ
Ҷ仰ֱӴǵʹţŭɶ׷׺ԻҶȥ
ħʣӽµ壬ȴΪ¾ߡ
һ㣬ħҲ֪ģԲŻҶǾȵĻ˼
ħĿУǲǸ߹壬嶼ǿϡ
μʵʷԸġ
ıȶѾˣϽȥɡ
ħҲعģٺȶ
ĻϴӵţԻɱ㡣
ħ׷׽Ҷ˾٣Լʵǿᣬɱħǵ
ȻʶͼԸ
ڶȶѾȥ
̼ħǳħ죬ſֲ׼ѹǿս
һ㣬ֲ˱ɱ¾Ĺâһħۿ
ССϣҪӰ׼֮ıȶ
̼ħǿѹеŭ𣬺޲һҶΪֵ̻ܶ˱
Ȼھսʼ֮ǰȴֻܳвҶٲȥһ
׼֮£ϡҶȻǿǰҲǷ˶ѡ
ϻ˵
Ҷ֮ϣ̧ǹǹֱָ̼ħһۣ
ǰ
ҶȣǿգᶨޱȣǺ֮š
˲䣬ȫžΨҶǿ»ص
ħһƬȻԼĶ䡣
ȴ磬ʿһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ѡ
̫Ľˣ
һ̣ǿ߶̲סҶ˳֮顣
ֱӺǳħ׼۶ǿߣǰģ磬ݺŽҲûмˡ
߾ڣǳ׼ۣҶبһˣʿ
˵ʲô
̼ħֱԼĶ䣬˸ɭȻɱЦ˵ǰȷԼûбɵô
ʲô
Ҷͷһǹ𶯳һƬٴκȵǰ


2082 նħ׼ۣ

˽Ծ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿơ
ٺ١
ħдһôЦܶ˶۷׷ףΪҶɡ
һСС࣬Ŵ׼۵ϣʲô
ΪҶǿ׼۶̼ħԾһ㲻һ
𣿡
̼ħɫ࣬ΪҶƣǶϵӡ

ҶϣǺӣΪգ
ϲ˵ôʲôȻԼҪǾħĮ˵
ȻԸ
̼ħŭ£ֱӱߣһҶȥ
ˣ
ֲ׼ѹƵǿս·ǧħۿڱǿգļµ
䣡
·Ƭѹ䣬ĥһ飬ǧ׻ڲ˻ħԡ
ƣ
Ҷһȣ𣬻ǹǹâ˺Ѳ񷡣
꣡
ǹŻ·Ҫ磬Ӳֶ
ˢ
Ҷһɹ⣬̼ħָǵ
һݣһһ㣬лǹɴꪣ̼ħ¡
͡
ǹâ˺գۡһ̼ħĴնɫħѪǿս

̼ħһҽУ𾪺Ͳš
һ׼۵ǿߣȻһ㱻صնһֻ֣
˵ֱܴ裡
ǿһƬž
˶û뵽ȻĽ
ħ׼ǿƳ֣ȻһͱҶնһֻ֣˶òʵ
ֱ񼣣췽ҹ̷һ㣬š
𺳣ħ𾪣ÿ˶Ŵͣһɵı飡
⡭ôܣ
ħ˼⡣
Ҫ֪̼ħ׼۰ȻǸոսģϾǶţôܱһʥ˵
ˣһǴˣ
ħţΪ̼ħʧҽڡ
նħ׼ۣΨҶʥ
ʿ˷ܵ໽Уһ˼Ѫһ㣬һɹѪڷڣȼա
ս˺˲񷣬ÿͷһѪᴩεΪ澰
㲻У
ǿ£Ҷ̼ħҡʳָһ̫ˣ
£
ħ°ͲѾʣһ𾪵ĿǿµҶ
Ҷ֣ģ
Ҷʥ
𣬼ѡ
ǴѪʿǿߣҶʮĻɵøӳˡ
ʵϣҶ˵ĲǴ󻰣ͨղŵĽ֣Ѿˣħе׼ۣƺǿ
ͬ׼۶죬̼ħɽūȲԶˡ
ղһɽūĻ׵ƿ˶֡
Ȼ
̼ħķӦƺ˰ģҷҲɽūɱɹ
˼ãҲûͨΪʲôֱ̼ħ󴦲ѪŨ֮ŻȻ
ħһУͨʵ
ȻʼղԼĸӾȻҲۿۡ
ҲΪʲô廹壬ǿеĴۣѹĴۣƽڰҵԭ
߾£嶼һĿãԲԵñǿ
Ȼ۷սϣħ廹塣
ֻϧÿһʱֻһ֤ڰҵĸԴͱˡ
һˣҶɵöȻ
Ǿһʲô״̬
ûǸ֮ǰû֪
ֻ֪۷ս׼۾죬ԴҲֻ
һ죬һǸ磡
Ҷкɡ
ҪԼ˺ѣҪϻĸã۸ҪڰңǾͱӵ۷սСѹһеУ

̼ħУŭ񣬶ӿɲǼһֻơ
ɱ㣡
ǿգħ٣Ҷɱȥ
ȻһԼеϸˣʵ£
һ̣Ҳ˲ʲôˣֻҪɱҶΪԼܳ˱˼ɡ
䣡
죬̼ħһ˫צһ㣬˺գļµĿֲϢ
Ҷʥ
죬ΪҶʹ
Ȼ֪Ҷʵ׼ۺ羫Ӣ֮⣬Ծдġ
ǶħĿ־壬ǳڶĿ־塣
û˲ϧȻҲ⡣
Ȼͬ飬Ѿսľ򣬵ֿ־ȴ
ɱ
̼ħǿƣҶ˿壬âơ
ǹͷڷ˿Ө淢
£
߱ǹеɱУ޽⣬·Ƭضǹһ㡣
ϣ
ǹһ·һ㣬ǹζɱ⡣
䣡
ʯ䣬ǹ̼ħĹצײһ𣬱ĿĹâȫˡ
Сޣ㻹̫ˣ
̼ħһЦָһ㣬ǹϣҶץȥָһĹƥ
ô
ҶЦһɿǹչһȭ̼ħĹצӭȥ
꣡
ҶȭƻпٵصķһȭָҶˡ
ɱ
ҶһȣտȻϲޱֻе֣ˮһ㣬ȭ⣬ǰɱ
һ̣Ѿ似ȫƾһҵĸоʩչ⵽ȭ
˿ֻ̣ȭȭʥе似ȫûˣȭȴзǳгںÿһ֮С
顭
ȭȭ⣬мѪҶս£ȫӦ׼۷ѹơ
ԭħ׼ۣ׼۷ȻͬѹƸС
̼ħȴԽԽľȲѣҶжȡĻǹˣмܡ
Ҷÿһȭһǰƺеҵľģɱϯǿա
ҪǣҶÿһȭһ̫ըһ㣬˺
ңҶȭоȻĹ캶ҡ
ۡ
̼ħһѪҶĿ½ڽڰܱ־챻ݿˡ
ô
ħУǿͨħۣսеΣʱſڽࡢĿɿڴ
ԭеһߵγˣȴҪġ
׼۶ǿߣȻһʥѹŴôܣ
Ҳɵˣ֪Ҷǿȴû뵽ǿֵزȻѹ׼۶ħǿߣ̫˼ˡ
飡
𾪵ĿУҶһۣͶ䣬ɻӶ̼֮ħòϿѪˡ
һ̼ħĿ־ˣҶʱ򣬷·һۣһ޷սʤĸо
֪ˣ
£սʤҶ
ʡ衢ȻȴԸıʲô

Ҷһȣ˫ȭǿգֱӽ̼ħˣȭӡɿա

̼ħĴУھбȻֹ




2083 
ڰǿ£һƬž
ã
ġ
컶𶯻
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻǿƣ֮䣬㽫ħ׼۴ˣ
ȫʤҶ߾նħ׼۶졭
⡭ֱһ٣بδ֮Ⱥӣ
Ҷʥ䣡
ʱ䣬ʿǣ˼㣬һս
⡭ôܣ
ħɫƸһǧɣ䵽㡣
ԭΪ̼ħ֣ؿĨɱҶû뵽ȻĽǼȲʣ޷ܡ
ô
̼ҾӢޣ·һ㣬ǰһƬڰ
ⲻǰʯͷԼĽ
½ħ׼Ҳң
־;ÿһħ徫Ӣͷǲ
ǿ£Ҷ׿Ȼʥԣ۸ѹ졣
û̻ع飬˼̽ʡ
ڻɱ̼ħ˲䣬ķ֣Լ徹˱ɢʵٴ˲٣Ȼûͻƣ಻Զӡ
Ϊ𾪣Ȼ֪Լ֮ǰȴδйʵԵģ̼ħ׼йء
ħ׼Ȼ壬ϾĳֲΣ׼۷ʹȻ
뵽ҶʱȻˣپʵ
ͬʱħȴˣҶǿǲ
˲̻ɱ
½׼ħ飬ΪҶֱǵĿǣϲɳȥˣؽħجΡ
û
׼Ҳ׷׸ͣ鶯ϽʹߴĹɱҶ󻼡
Ϸд⣡
ħɫ
ҶǿҲ𾪣½Ҷɳܹѹƣô˻ὫϮɱõѡһݣ󻼡
ˣ
ħжһӨ͸Ĺ۱Ϣ
ħ׼ۣͬƣ߶ɱҶ
ڹ۱˲䣬ϲ͵ԺԺɮܡ׼۳۱ˡ
ҶСģ
ϲæҶˣܿ۱ķâ
ͬʱɮܡ˹ͬ߶ɱ⡣
ǧɱ۵ĵ۱׼ѪɱɱأƲɵ
ǿ£ҶëȻչ׷ǲ紩Խռһ㣬ֱ֮С
Ȼǿʮ׼۹ͬ߶ĵ۱ҲԿסᱻ˲ɱɻҡ
ʱ䣬ϲִ̧һƬ⣬û֮С
Ҷļ룬Ӳл編ƣâᴩֱȥ
ʱҲ˶ԹĴ߶۱ѹһĹĵâײȥ
ǰϧҶӹһ٣ؿɽҶɱ촷ۡ
䣡
ĵâ͹Ļײһ˲أǿշ·Ҫһ㣬ǳܲסֲĲ׷ױ飬Ϊ貵̻˲֮ǻš
˾㤣ֻǵ۱ĵһײлǿյĴսƬ¶סˡ
һƽɫ
ħ˱ŭû뵽Լʮ׼۹֣ͬȻ޷ѹ׼ۡ
ħĻȻֹ·߬ס˲ӣĿоǾ֮ɫ
ɱ
ħһȣͬ׼ٴδ߶ֲĵѹ硣
ϲͳۡɮͬʱһХĴ߶Կ
ϣ
ҶҲ𶯻ǹһϲǹͬ߶
Խǿ󣬷һնǳ
ɲǼ䣬ӿڿһ㣬֮ʽ
ҵĴײǿգȻѹڽڰˡ
ۣ
ƹľһ׼У͵һѪȻʻɫй˸
ɫҰܣˡ
Ҳܣǵ۱Ҫܴ߶Ҳ챻
ô
һħ½׼۴Уֲѡ
ʮ׼ۣħ׼ۣȻֲԷ׼ۣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʵϣϲҲܣͬҪܴ߶֣ټҶҲֻǿ
Ȼֻϲ׼ۣʤߣÿ˶ڴѹƣ֤׼۵ģսһ׼ܱġ
Ҷʵ׼ۣл
ҲΪܲ·磬ѹħ۱ԭ
Ϲźʱѹƣ˾ֻ֤׼۵ģһǾžޣѰ
Ҳˣǵ಻֧ġ
ħһˣΪ۱ײÿ㹻Ŀռ䡣
Ǻ֪֮۱ײƾǵʵԿס
䱻꼰㣬˺ڵ۱ֳʤ֮ٽдս١
ϣ
ĵâڹϣҫ۹âӿ˾죬ҪƬ档
Ȼ۱ײͨɹԾȻû˳ܵܣ߶ᱻ
ˣԾɱѹƵģɱ죬Ƶ޵С
ô죿
ħˣϽµħֲĵ۱һս׶༪١
ܶħɫ԰ףǰһĻеȫһ
ԭΪսǿգȻԴݿ࣬ңն飬Լ񻰣սӳ
һʼȷˣʮһǣɱ飬˶ͻơ
˳£ӲǵĶˡ
Ȼû뵽һδս˴ۣսԱһһ׼ۡ
ڣϽµħĵ۱һսдȥıҪ
ܶħ徫Ӣ磬һսǻȫû
ڹڽڰˣԳƵʱ䶸âţһƿֲѹ
ԭеĴۣһ˿ѹ³ױʹù
𡭡
ͻȻһǿգһӰڹУɢһƴ۵ѹ
ͨ
˶˳ܲסֲֿѹֱ̱ڵϣɫ԰ֽ
Ӱĳֱ֣Ťתս֣ˡ
󣬹ʾһ棬ſֲĵۣϲɱ⣬Ƶˡ
ã
ħһɨ֮ǰƣƱǡ
ǿֻҪħѹĵ۱Ǿͻϣ
һʣûˣһλ׼۲еĻǿԺɨǣ
ҶҲ𾪣û뵽ﾹȻڵ۱ȷʣǴĻǵľɱ
ǱƳȻֵĻ϶ɼʧ
ϲ˽п಻ˣû뵽ԷȺ֣˲ŤתǬֹۡ
ϡ
նײӿƬ
ॡ
ϲǿҪֲסʱͻȻһԽХ˲âʢɱ纣Хһϯǿա
ˡ




2084 ս
۱ѣɱգض
ǧɱۣɱ֤ĵ۱޵е־۱ѹƣ
ѣɱ쵶գƲɵ
ﬣ
һϲ˵ƿأâһɹ⣬ݺնڹ֮ϡ
ĽâҫۣƬǿնܲˣױ顣
໺𡭡
еһӰµĲѩѸٱɱնˡ
ͬʱҲˣɲǼ˹ħħǿߵƿأӲƴһǡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ

۱ײ໥ɱ㽫Ƭǿջٵˣǳܲס۱Ĳ̻鿪
ĵ۱֮ǿգɨһǸһ
Ĵ۵սжôֲ˵ָһŹǾš
˺Ȼ˿ֲĶԾѰʿȥ˲ͻᱻɱɱ˿
һսնԪ飡
𶯣ɱȻ£Ӱ˻֮š
쵶ܲѰڲıǿƥɱ۵Ȼǧɱ۵ķɡ

Ҳһߣ˿Ĳɱ¾Ļ
۱ͬʱգûڰпս
ɱ
磬ÿ϶һѪһᴩǿա
壬ɱǣ
ħҲ˿ֲս⣬ƬǿΪսչ˴ս
ɱ
ϲһȣֱ˹ħһһ׼ۣһжѡ
ԺɮҲħ׼ۣ󿪴ϣò𶯣޹⡣
ǵĶң
ǿޱȣɢֲ׼ѹֱӽضħ׼ۣһ˺ɫ·ɣս׼۶·硣
Ϊ죬۵սԿֲҲͺ塣
ħʣµ׼۶һֱۣҶȥƷνΧģԴһƬɱҶ
ΪҶǵв̫󣬾ɳҪ֮ɱ󻼡
Ҷ˿壬տȻһ˻ǹһƵĵʥԣɢɱ⡣
Խ״ս׼ۣһ
һ̣Ҷӿɺ飬ǹһչҹս˻ģǹâħ׼ȫ˽
֪Уֻ׼ۣ߾۷ľʥҲħ׼۵Ķ֣ܷκһħ׼۹ȥؽɱ١
Ҷλ׼۽ħʮ׼ȫסͬʱҵĴսʼˡ
Ѫɣÿʱỵ̈ţ֫ϱҷɡ
ƴˣ
ҲҪϸ汳ģ
ڴƴѪսѪΪۣϵ֣ͬ
ǳȭ
ʱҶҲˣ̤գֱӽһħǿ̤ࡣ

ǿУЫһǿ֮УβϵĶ뷺ı̹⣬ȻһħǿߵǴ̴ꡣ
𣡡
һħǿһ𣬽ʿɲǼɢϢøǿˡ
Ŀһͷʥޣͷڱħ徫ӢΧѪ죬Ƭ˲٣¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
Ҫǣĸʴ˿ڴڹ˸޷ϣڲ϶񻯡
մȥò˶ãʧȥսɱ
ڴʱħǿͻȻϮһȭͷǿ޺䱬ˣɽķѣѪࡣ
ԽǿߣʱɢԽħ˵ֱǴ֮
һ·
һǿߣǰԱ˱Դ϶һͬ
ۣ
һǿ߱˺ѣѪɿա
໺𡭡
ħǿԡѪһħһ㣬ǿϢ
ⲻսһӰÿʱỵ֮̈ڵ㣬ս֮ң˲á
ƬǿսУĴս˸ҿȫԶԶܿˣ±ս
ɮһж·磬ȻʱڲֻܽɱҲֻʱˡ
ֶθ߾дһʩչܲ󣬱Ƶħ׼۲òȫ
Ҳ൱ͣȻһȴԾͣȭչ񻢹ͬ˲񷣬ħ׼ѪȾգǱ
ΨϲսһЩƴȫҲֻսƽ֣˭Ҳκβ˶Է
һϲֻ׼һ죬ȻѾﵽһ۷壬ҪͻȴǳѣҪʱĳͺʵ
ħ֮ͻƣǿԼĿ޺ʵԶЩ֮ͻƵ׼ۿɱȡ
ͻ׼۶ʱȻ˲֮ս;粻
ˣϲԾɴ÷ǳѣƴȫս˸൱Ҫɱǲˡ
翹
ħһߣչԴħȭգһ׼ϲ񹥡
ϲͷɫӣâαڡ
ͬʱҲӶȭͷϲԵȭ͹ħӲѪɽ
ǿսһ磬Ҷħ׼۴սһ˻ǹ񷡣
Ż򷨲մϢ˵ûκá
ħ׼ԽԽľǵĹȻ޷ҶķżйȥģҲӲ׼۱
ʵϣҶҲļ٣Ҫն֣ս
Ϊ䣬ȥĻħ彫ǿ󣬶Σˡ
һĻ˵ӶԿ֣һĶ֣һĲҡ
ɱ
ҶŨüĿɹ⣬ǹһͷÿһз֮ѹ졣
꣡
ƴӲػ׼һ׼ۣǹһɹ⣬أգֱӽ䶴ˡ

ħ׼۴ҽУ⾪֣һ̣ãԼ·ڹһҶͬﲻæ
ּǧ谮һĸоܵˣɫ䣬ƴȫһȭˡ
ۣ
Ҷ͵һѪñޱȣŲһ㣬ûˣǶɱɢ֣һ׾ɱУһɡʺۣ·Ѫһ㡣
ۣ
ҶնɱͷǱƵħ׼ȥ

ħ׼۾ִУ·ؽһ㣬޿ӣֱӱɱұԴ
֫Ҳ׷ױ飬ΪѪ׹ǲɢɡ
У
һĻ˶̲סһǿһħ׼۰
ô˵׾ˣ
ҪǣҶ׼۵Χ֮ģҪǿս
ħ׼Ҳˣӿһɺ⣬ֲԤС
˵Χ£Ҷǿƻɱһˣֻʣˣεֵ
Ǹֻ֣սÿԽҽҶɱ
ˣǿ´ˣȻõħأҫ档
ţҶʼձ۷״̬һãڡ
ţϣҲܽҶ

ڴ˿̣ħͻȻϲЮϵҶɱȥҪɱԾ󻼣




2085 ׼ۣ
ħħħ죬ʵɲ⡣
ԭһͷڷһ޶֤׼֮󣬷˿ɫͻȻɫһ㣬ǡ
ī׼һ˫սϲѾռϷ硣
Ȼ
ڿҶǿƻƤҵ׼֮󣬶ʱˡ
Ѿ¶ģһսҪҶɱԾ󻼣
ԣϷϲתϮɱҶһɱԮȵĻᡣ
Ķң
ϲŭһȭī׼ۣһ⣬ħɱӪҶ
֮ǰıȶʶҶǱˣֱħĿǣȻˣҲҪסҶ
ΪڲõĽڰʱٵʱҶΨһϣ
ܹϢϮģ֮⣬ˣ˵ҶǶһ޶ģ࣬ġ
Ҫɱˣֹˣ
ħһЦȻ٣ɲǼ佫ϲ˦
ͬʱī׼ҲƴĴֲɱ⣬ֹϲӪȡ
һ̣Ŀһ£ĬϧһдҲҪҶ
Ŀô˾ҶһЦ𶯳ϲǰ赣ģȰīħɱһһȥˣ⼸ϲ񣬽ˣ
ÿĿ
ħŭɶһ׼ۣܹ裿
ȻΪϲģǿ벻̡
ৣ
ŭ֮£ϳ֣Ю֮Ҷɱ񱩵콣Ƭǿա
ͬʱΧҶħ׼ҲƴǿһǣҶϾˣħһɱĻᡣ
Ĭ£ҶʱЩ׽⣬վ
ΣңһХ˫ȭҵȭâ˲סħ׼۵Ĺɱ
ſХһӵң죬ħĽײȥ
꣡
һѲ˻âֱüնȥףƥ

һ죬ҶӦɳȥӾѪ˿˴ˡ
üû£һڲɼײƬ֣סֻ꣬ܵˡ
С
ϲ󾪣ŭ֮£չһۣī׼ˣ֪˶ٴΡ
Ȼī׼۾ǴСǿһÿζ̵ʱ赲ϲԮҶĽŲƵϲŭХ˫۾࣬޲һ
Ҷ
һУͽֽ޼׼˺ӣԡħѪʸڵĹâ
˿̣Ѫе˵ģҲԼģϵѪɢŨҵɷ
һ̣Ծ£޵Уɱħ׼۵սľһǧɣ־ˡ
壬֪Ҷϣܱɱ롣
˳ޣһԴΪͬ飬ͬԿħ֡
ţȻõ籾ԴϿɣڵʵ̫á
ΨҶʥʵնħ׼ۣϣ
ϣ
һεĺڰңϣ˵ת۵㡣
ԺɮҲˣϧȼ˱Դƴ۵Ҫе֣ԮҶ
ȻǵĶҲˣϧսҲҪסƬ̣ΪħӮʱ䡣
ϸƭҺòҰ
ħһҶƽȻ˵
ʶ˲ħʮλᾫӢвжΡ
ҲϽʹߺݺݳһ٣Щ
һУǰɵģܲ죬ɱ֮죡
ҶһǵѪĵΪŰ๼
ããã
ħŭЦҾɱ㣬֪ʲôŽ๼
ϣйâһһڵĹǵܲķģȻһ׼۱
ģ㲻įģ壬Ϊᣬ㣬׳ΪҸһ¥
ħ񶾵˵̶ħЦޡ
㲻ˣ
ҶһЦȻĿʥ⣬˲临ԭʵƺǿˡ
䣡
չǺӣһۣſֲĻ·رԴһ㡣
ɱ
ҶһХӡʥݻ׼ȥâһɹ⣬նǿա
ۣ
׼һҽУֱӱ쵶ˣֲɱ˲꣬ҷ
ͬʱҶֳֻǹһ£׼۴ȥǹֱӶüģǿ¡
һ֣ɱħ׼ۣ
һսȫ
ǿսϣܶ˶ֱɵˣԼ۾
ϲɮܡλ׼۶ˡ
ʣԼҶǰ㣬вһ㣬˲ɱħ׼ۡ
ңҪǣҶδȫˮࡣ
˵ս˵
׼۶£Ķˡ
⡭ôܣ
ħֱɵˡ
ɱѽ
ܹ裬һɱ죬ȫǲƺĺħƴ
ħȴĵױʿһǧɣЩħ徫ӢȻĵѣֱӻˡ

ݵ𾪹󣬹ħŭЩսҲħ徫ӢеľӢû뵽ɱˣ̫ûֵҲ̫ˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
ħŭĴУһǿձ飬ƺֲܲѹ
Ҫ㣡
Ҷ˿壬Ѫڣӿȣǹʹãֱӭǽ
䣡
ħ죬ӿƬǿȫˣҲ
ϡ
ħͻУϴ˱ǿճһֲĴѷ죬ǧ
ǿǱݺһӵĴһ㣬Ѻۡ
ǿֲѺ˺һУ˶æܿЩûбܿģֱӱɣһѪ궼ûӳ
˫۷֮սֱӹغսĽ
һ̣塢塢壬ħ壬ϿҶʵ
Щ֮ǰҶϲλ׼վһЩ΢ʵʿ˿̳ױˣаϣҶܹսʤ֮
һ׼ۣսϣܹıһսĽ
ͬʱսҲ˱仯
û˹ħǣƣī׼۾ϲĶ֣֮мܲסˣϲһȭ飬깲ꡣ

ǰī׼۵귢ֺͲʵĲҽС
Ȼһжˣֲɸı䣬վɿգһкͼҵɢ
΢Ϣһ£ɢϲҶѯսҶħý֦
ǰùң
ҶԼϲ˵һ£ȥ˰ɣԽ
ԼСģ
ϲ֪Ҷƥ֮£Ȼ˵Ȼųİա
Ҷ֮ǰսϲ˲Ȼˣֱӳ۵սһ֡
ϲ۸Ӻ£Ӷ˫ȭԣиֳΣֱӽԼĶֻˡ
ݣһȥֱӽħ׼۵ͷ­̤ˣҲһŶ˷飡




2086 򱬹ħ
ʮ׼ۣתۼ㱻ɱˡ
һսħεѣð
˫սɮܵħ׼תӣһսûȥˡ
Ȼ
˿̾ҲˣɮƴȫסˣɱУֻѾˡ
һǿսһߣѰǾˡ
ãã棬ڰ㣬ħ廹Ǻ׵ġ
һѰһŵأʵȻǣʱɱǿɾͷѾˡ
ǿ£ϲɷǣȾѪ飬ԵЩǱ
죬üĿһ֮
ȥУȥɱУ
˵
˺ֹܿϲɮܣɱħ׼ۣ绢ȺɱħУɱ䡣
ǳ۸ɮȡĴºţֻиɮֻ֣׼еţһŲ֪
ϲɮһ֣ѹͬʱҶߵĴսҲ˰Ȼ
칦ڲϸıʣκ״̬±ԴԴϵ֮Ȫ
޲л̻֮ǻԳԴȪ֤Զߣʼձ۷״̬
ɱ
Ҷǹȭ⣬ȭǣ̺ſֲĻ
ϣ
ҶһȭڹǽϣʱĽײ֮
ħкȻҶһȭ֮Ȼڷ飬Щղסǽ
ңľǣħΪɱﵵ֮ҶûãĲƷ
Ҷƾſԣųɹħ磬֮˵û˿ɱ
ȻҶĻ֮ȴ̺ſֲط򣬼ֱĿǡ
ԶҶߣͻ׼۵ʱƾԼʵϢˡ
Ҹƴˣ
ħҧ⣬͵һھѪǽâʢֲĽâҶɱ
ҶտȻǳڻݻ磬ٵؿ졣
似ĺһ˿ۼ
ʵģԼ
Ҷһһ˿
㷨ΨбԴΪ棬ֻҪץס˱Դݱ㷨
䣡
ҶȭţƳڹħУȴ·쵽˼£һ޷ܵĸо
һȭ׶
Ҷһȭ·ƶ棬⣬֮ѹ֡
ϣ
ħʹǽϱã˲ǧâ죬ȴҶһֻȭͷȫˣıƤ޷ơ
飡
λһ㣬Ҷȭͷݺڹǽϣǽһ˲䲼Ѻۣ󡰻һѿһƬǷۡ
У
ħһĿ⾪֡
ţ
ıħ꣬ͨ飬սħ磬ɱ˺պ
ȻȴҶȭͷ±ˣôܣ

ڹħһĹҶȭͷٴλӶһɹ⣬
ɱ
ħ״ħʹǿƺħ̧ۣҶѹ
֪ԼѾû·˿̾ҲӲΪµľ׼ۣѾȫսˡ
˿ӣƱƴٱλ׼۶½صĻһսûˡ
˿̣ΨƸۣƴһתս֣ħؽȫû
ԭĲΪħɨǿգԼĴ棬û뵽ȴĽ
ģȴ޿κΣҶһ޷սʤĴ
ꡪ
ҶȭͷŻֱڹħĴϣƹǶҶˡ

ħһ춯صĲҽУתߣҲͣ
֪ԼѾˣսȥɡ
ħ嶼ģħҲ⣬Ųսס
ܵ𣿡
ҶĮŵùħð
ûһԼȻᱻһʥ׷ɱȻƫƫͷˡ
׼ۿ˺գ
Ȼ
ҶѾӵؽᱻ׷ϡɵ
Ų·ħɥ֮Ȯ˺գɲǼԶһƬһƬİ
ûһŻȭͷͻأĳֱ֣Ӵ
ɱ£ױ泾ΨһξѪߡ
䣡
ҶӰƿգݵɱһۣӾʮء

ħУһξѪ壬ħһ˻
ɣ
ҶŲ׷ǲ羵ˮһ㣬ɲǼڹħǰӶȭͷٴν򱬡
һκܳףһξѪҲûʣ£ȫˣɢںڰ䡣
Ҷͷһʽ׾ޣ˸ķģ޿һڶһ㣬ֱӽħ˽ȥ

ħ󾪣̶ĲҽУ㳹׳ˡ
Ȼ䣬϶һķģԡ
ΪħǿߣħҲʶԨ֪޵Ŀֱֲ֮
ȻôҲû뵽һԼᱻֲħУʹࡣ

ħϴ΢ľҶѹڹеļħŵ꿴˹ħ꣬ʱ΢ľ
ôҲû뵽ĿеħħгһվȻҲһѹ˽
Ҳһѣޱ죬ʹǵǳ΢ʹൽ˼㣬ľ
Һúޡ
ħ귢һں޵
ڵûܿҶϸһħδ֮ǣ̻
յҶѡϳɹɱǰʮ͵ϽɲصĴ
ҲˣħľλŲȫ䣬Ϊħ岻ɳܵʧ
ҶǳħجΣԼսˣħ廹˭Ķ֣
뵽ЩħڵĳӶˣ޲һͷײڵϡ
⣬˵˾͸ʹ죬һ㳢ҵƻζ
ҶħϵĹħ˵
ӦҶֱʵһ⣬ħ绹ж׼ۣڶ⣬ϻ
ﻹʲô׼ۣ
ħɥ˵ǳʱҲֻһ׼۶ѣûͻҾͲ֪ˡ
ħǳϣ֪ħ޵Ŀֲ֪֮ҵƻһʲôʹࡣ
һ뵽ճ޵ĸо궼һ鴤ʵĲʵˡ
ϻأҶʵ
Ǹӣ
ħͻȻʵЦˣãҸ㣬ӻ֣ڱѺڷħ£Ǿֻȥħһˣ
˵ħͣһ£ɭɭҪĻ;ȥᱻħֱӷӡҲͱסˣ
Ǹ
Ҷŭֱӳ֣ħĨɱ

Ҷһ̾Ϣϻ޹ģԼ
Ǳħ磬ûҲͲкˡ
ħ¡
Ҷâϻãģ̶ѨҲһ




2087 䶯
ৣ
ɹһ쵶գնһƬ
ڰУֻʶӣϱ鲼ŵۣЩˡ
ڵ۱УܲסǺ嫵ɱ⣬ֻߡ
һ۱ִߵĻҲסֻȥ
Ȼ䣬ӦһϤеϢɲǼƿգ򣬳Ҷǰ
Ҷõǧɱ۵ȫУĴˣȻС
֣ҶҲ죬ʵսΣ
ˣ
ıɵ˵һӡҶʶ֮ǰս龰
ʱ䣬Ҷһ춯صĴսɱ־޵УɱĹڽڰˣЩˡ
ɱ֮
սҶҲֻпˡ
С˼Ȼ
ͻȻ˵ôˣأ
Ҷͬһӡ֮У֮ǰһж

˵˵֮ǰôоڳȥҵԭʩչʥ
Ҷһգתƻǻȥɣսûн뾡еУˡ
ͬ⣬ҶֱգɲǼǿսС
˿̣սѾһߵˣϲλ׼۵ļ룬ħĸѾɱ⣬ֻˡ
ɱ
ǣ
·˼Ѫһ㣬һ޵Уˮƽӣɱħҽ죬ɾ
Ҷ˵ֱɱħģǹһչѪŽͷ˲䱻ɱʮˡ
ֻǹԶ޲һɱħسͻɱһѪ·
Ӱ
ħֱӱˣɢӣǱͻɥ֮Ȯ
־ᣬʿ䵽˱㣬ħȫˣϣֻƴӴܡ
ϲɮܡۿҶʱһɱĸˡ
֪ħ׶༪٣ȻҶɵˡ
Ҳ𾪣ҶʵֱǸ޵׶Զ֪ʵжǿ
Ҷ֣ǹһչƬħ徫Ӣ£ǺɨǿգѪ˷
ħ壬û˿֮ģ壬ͲôڣΨһĹޡ
ҶĴ£սѪҲˣһȣвһ㣬ħɱýп졣
սѪ죬֮ڵ㣬ģħġ
ħѪҲɫʰ쵣ʲôɫУǿսһ޴Ⱦס
ҶһŭϢԥÿһγ֣дƬħ徫Ӣ¡
һ̣·ɱǰһƬ½ɫʡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶһħ壬ƮŲ֫ϱۺͷ­
ƾһ֮Ҷնɱ˽һħ徫Ӣսš
ħĻ֮۶ħ壬ȫɱ
УҶͻǹ˺
ͻȻѾҲûһħʱڻӿҪͻƵĸо
ǹǺҫ棬ɱΪĵ۱ɱⶼѹȥˡ
ɱɱɱ
Ҷѹֲסɱ¾ĳ嶯˫۱óѪڶħıԵǻ
Ҷ
ı󾪣֪ҶɷʴӰǣټȥĻܱܿ÷Ѫɱ¾ճΪɱ֧ɱ¾
ɱۣɷɱż⣬һȣ꣬Ҷʶѣֹȥ
䣡
Ҷʶʶع飬֪Լ֮󣬲ɵô󾪡
ȵɱ¾ĻӰģ־ѾǳᶨˣײᱻӰ죬û뵽쾹Ȼ˵
ʵϣΪϻõϢ˷磬ŭ֮³֣ɷ˿ɳ֮һֱĻҲڻᱻɷӰǡ
ƽľֹͣɱ¾ϴģɷ
ɱۻɷķŸ֪Ҷл⣬һԻҶš
ǧɱۣɱ֤һɱ¾飬ȴδӰǣķȻ߾
£Ҷָ㣬ǿ֮£ǻԣϴ
ѹסԼɱ⣬ס̳صĳ嶯ǧȥߴݼʵ
أƽԻϴ꣬ɷƳɫɷΧ
ǹչڣüգΪϴûǹɱȴѱ
ϾǹıѾΪģֻ֮ǰ˴ҲܵӰ졣
Ҷ£𽥻عԣøǹһ
һսħԶܣȫûֻħ徫Ӣÿڴսʼ˽ŵĨ͵׼ӵ
ϢԾ·һ㣬˭Ҳš
ҶսǾһ
һսħ׼ۣлħҵ죬սֱš
涼һսĽ𾪵ԸӵʱħҲˡ
ħ徫Ӣӻħ磬ҲһսĽ˻ȥħ緢˴һ㣬𾪡
෴ȴ˷쳣˵սبδУֱǿһ漣
һʱ䣬ҶӢۣﵽ˶㣬ȼҲԾرͣκۡ
ԭʼſһЦο
壬ͮͮϲԼĶ䡣
һս岢δ룬񣬵ȴΪֲĺڰңȴĽ١
ǿûļ룬壬ҲԵֿħ֡
һֵסǳ֣Ȼ۱
Ȼû뵽ҶȻ˺£һ֮˰ħսŤתǬ
ҿû´
ļһ߲һ߰ҡ

ɽ⣬һԲվɽеļ̨֮ϣ·Ҫա
ʥƹ򡢷ɹ򡭡
ԴǣŵأڴبδеĴʤҲڴҶĴܶΪһǣؿ֤壬ƽڰңһԺƽʱ
˸߲ң۷׷ףΪһƽȹ

ħ磬λǿٿ˽飬Բߡ
飬ǿһ¾ϻѹħ£Χ¾ɱ
ħִоӢȫټɱ֮УȻųϢҶǰˡ
ֻҪضԽɱڷħ£ΪħսĴ
һ׼ͣϢܿ㴫˳ȥ
Ȼˣǲδڷħоɱͷ飬ֻ˵ħ循ʧ룬ϻɱԾ󻼡
ҶܿõϢʱļ٣̶ǰħӪϻá
С㻹һȦףĿĺԣǱȥˣħ׼ϣɲ°
ϲ˿ȰҶԴΪأҪŮ˽ͷԡ
˵ϻħ壬ȳʲôãĴڡ
ǲ˵ˣ
ҶΪᶨĵȦףҲҪȥΪҵŮ˺ͺӣ


2088 ޵
ħ磡
֡
ݿӴ
ħһ׼ֻͣҶǰ㽫ɱ
ȻһоԾ㷲
ħ׼ۣȫƾԼʵͻƵģΪ档
ش֮쳣ŨͻƱ˲٣ĵ
ħ֮Уħ׼һƣҶսǾ塣
㲼޵Ծɲģ޷ɱҶ¹һ
գ飬һ¾Ͻ
ħһϵļ̨£Ӳɣµİ߲
ħ׼۷ֳվŹŹֵڣԴһĹâ
ϵļ̨Ρ
£
һ͸âѯʡ
ġ
ħ׼۽˵Ͻ֧Ԯһɱ
д£
𾪣ȫû뵽ħȻҰܣЩȫû̫˼ˡ
̣߲ɳϾǿħ磬һɱ
ϣ൱׼ۣһԳ׼ۣ˵ҲǴֱʡ
ң׼ۣ˴ﵽ׼죬˴ﵽ׼۶졣
Ϊ˶ԸҶҲƴˡ
ݣƿֲ
õӦ֮ħд󶨣ΪҶֻҪض޻ء
ϽУܵ񣬼ȻǳԼʲôأ
ڽ֮ͨ㿪ʼжħΪ׵׼ͨϵļ̨ᵺħ硣

ħ£λ̼ҷ֮УһΪصĴ֮أħ֮ɫ䡣
Ѻħµģɡ
˵ǰǸһʱҶȻϸһѺطͬҫ˵
УϢ̫ʱ˰ɣ
һ䷭ۣһӵ˵ⶼǼǰˣҲ˼ó˵ħ磬˭֪Ҷϸ
ٺ١
ڨЦǼǰˣһµϢҪҪ
˵䣬Ŀħһ£ϻһʯͷϾţ·ʧȥһ㣬Ŀͣ˫񣬶ǵĶԻûа㷴Ӧ
ʲôϢһʵ
ǵԶˡ
˵ȫûսһжΪҶϸӻ˵һˣɱħľӢħ˼ڣԽǿ߱һɱ
ɣһ󾪣һĲš
⻹м٣˵ӻУһҷС׿ڸ˵ġ
㻹ķСϡ档һԲţ˵
㻹ţ
伱ˣһģֻϧƽƽֻﵱС䣬ڴˡ
ţ˰ɣһЦ˵
һ˵أͬе٩֮⣬㬵˵
ѽ˵ʲôϢ𣿡һߴٵ
طħһǳ飬ﶼĻܰ˱Ʒˣĳõǲ͵ķʽ
ҲĲ˵ˣֻǱƵǸϣòźݻ
Ǹͣزס£һЩž԰԰ڣʾԼ͡
ŵģĴţ֪һЩ
˿̣ͬɵõһ⣬ͰѲסˣϲ˵˺ܶࡣ
֪Ϊʲô椹Ѻ𣿡ϻŬŬʵ
֪ͬ൱ϡ
֪Ϣħ棬׼ڷħΧ¾ɱͬʱųϢϸǰˣֻҪɡ

ۣϻζƿζӳ¡
ΪҶʵе𾪣ͬʱһ˿˿Ľ
ҶϾϵˣд˵սȻԺ
ȻܿԹ԰̾˲컯Ūˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҶ壿
Ϊʲôǲͬһ壿
ΪʲôమȴƫƫǶ壿
úޣԼħ塣
ħĻ˫˫ܣҸֵˡ
֪ħԼΪҶֵ
һ̣зǳìܣϣҶ֤ԼûпˣҶлġ
ͬʱֲϣһҶ⣬Դ
ˡħսʼΪϣô᲻ΣպĴң
뵽ϻԳһЦĵ̾˿վֻеһͰˣ
ֻǡ˶ĺӡ
£ϻ̲ס΢΢¡Ķӣ˫۷죬Ȼ¡


2089 νʥ
ͨԼ˴ħ徫Ӣѻ꣬ϲǵ֪ħĳڡ
ߣȥħϳ
ϲһ֣ΣƺƵɱħڡ
ħſˣֱҪ̫ˬ
һ·˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܵ໽С
ԪħǣǵؽɱħſڻǵһΡ
˵һبδеĴ١
κɣħĳڡ
һƬȫİ򣬺ڰ䣬û˿ϢԪϡ˷ָĵز
ǻԣԲҲܳפڴˡ
ֹ֮ס˽Ų±ڴˣֹħٴγ֡
˼ſ˵ĸоˬ˷ܲѣֻҪħ¶ͷرɱ
ϲ֪ﻹܳħѾΪǣŸҴҡڵĶħſڣڣħ岻¶ͷ
Ҳֱɱħ磬ΪǴӼħ徫Ӣʶе֪Ȼﲻܳȴͨħ硣
ʵ̫һðսħ磬пȫûǲɳ֮ء
ԣһЩĺսǿҪħ磬ײħ壬ϲǻûдӦ
һΪأóȻһͻ˱
ú󣬽ʥǡƹǡɹǵȸԴǺŵأ׷ǲǿߣǰԮ
ЩԴǺŵصǿߵĵʱǿ硣
ˣ֣
յõϢ͸ˣϣû
Щڨڨ˵Ǻͽھ˵ƣԲ֪飬߱ǣΪɣû˿֮顣
޷ͺã
ϲޱ˵
֪Щ֮ǰڹʲôǲ֪顣
ȴҲûǣϲ˵ͺá
ȻδǣϲлЩʧ԰
ۿΪԡѪȴΪһ˽Թۣܲ˸еʹġ
ǿ϶룬ħ岻սʤˣǱչֻҪħûдǵǣǱ㲻֡
Ȼû뵽ǣȻʤˣħ岻սʤ񻰡
ֱõȷϢ֮ԾɲţǧټƵ֤Լˡ
ǵ֪һжģħıˣȫû
ֱʱǲźڲæɳָϸǰߣʤĹ⻷·һ
ɣʵʧԡѪħʱǹں󷽿֣սʤˣȴˡ
Щˣ͵ڶУ⶷УԼ˴ʵǿᣬ޵УһǶԿħ壬Ǿˡ
λ׼һӻң˸ûȤ
ϾԼҲ˵ʲôֻڨڨ˵һԣڨòĴ̽ǰһսϸ
ʲô
ôأ
̫ˣ
Ϊϣôܸ£
λҲǣôͲŵأ
ڵ֪ҶȻΪһħŮ˶ħ֮Щ˶ʱը˹һޣ۷׷ס
ǾãҶʵ̫ˣΪϣʵڲӦ˸£̫İΣ˰ɣ
ɷλޣ
һħŮ˶ѣֵ𣿡
Щ޶ԹҶ̶˵֮˿ûпҶ顣
Ƿǳƻһʼ㽫Լڴһ棬ҶеϵС
ô˵
ÿ˶ѡȨ
һɱ˽ħʲôʲôʸȥ
˼ôûϵɣ
װʥˣǺħƴʱʱĳˡ
ǣ֪ܣ˵أ
һЩҶʿںЩٵļһǣΪҶ⣬ΪҶˣľȫ
ʣԼŮ˺ͺӶȥȵĻ̫
һԼŮ˺ͺӶˣôܳΪҵϣ
һʱЩ࣬ſڽࡣ
Ҳû˵ʲô
ЩǿѸתƻ⣬ûȤ
ѾʶҶӵԺĵλϾĻֻܶ˸
ܳɹ𣿡
ܶ˶ۣҶȥ׶༪١
һ۾ܿһȦס
ħųϢ϶Ǹ壬͵ء
Ҷսֲ̫ˣƺרſħ壬ȻΪжд̣֮졣
ϣƽ
Уܶǿ߶ϣҶܹɹӪȳԼŮˡ
֮ǰһսУҶԼʵˣǿޣҲʵ۷֮
ƽذɣ
żһӢ˵Լ˭ס
ҶǿǸеǾ壬ҹżҵҲҶ֣֮ǰͲҶһȥء
ɴߣСڣҶ̫嶯ˣ£ˣעܳɴ¡ʥǵۼǿҲ䳰ȷ
ǡ
ŭĿӣ̫ɶˣħֵʱǲӰڴѶս½ޣǵˣԼĿеӢۣʵǲˡ
ǵҲΪ飬ƽڰңû뵽һȻΪһ˽ϣʵ˱
ۿŭżҺ͵ۼҶʱβѣҲҶ˵һ仰
Ȼǵ壬ҫǵ壬Ʊػᱻ׹ʱھˡ
ɴˣҲҶи嶼У壬壬ҲǿޣȴӵҶǰľ
壬ǲһҶУȴҶնӺӢ
ǶǰӣԴΪأǺݺݳһơ
Ȼ˵ǾˣԾϣҶսħ磬ǵĸ󻼡
ԼˣǾãҶ֤϶ŹǣʱǼпܻϳʧĨɾ
Ϊ˼ҲϣҶɹ
ȻһҶǲ֪ˣ˿Ѿǰǿչ·һǵ·ϡ
֪ħ϶޵͵Ͷء
ȻϤħı⣿
ԣҶδħڽ룬ѡػأֱǿչ·ĵһ۹ء
ڳ֮ǰϲ֪ƿӡط
ԭڷӡһǵʱϲһ֣ͨĳƿӡϵǿչ·
ʱҶһǣûоκˣֱӽ֮С
ϤĳҶɵøпǧ뵱˲ĴЩȫ߶ڣһͨԼʬǳɻˡ
뵽ڣɱ뵽ϣҶɵһȻˡ
Ϊ˾Ҳʧ֮С
ϣģһ
Ҷսȭͷġ
ϲ֪طƿӡããǿգ̤ԭʼǿչ·ħȥ


2090 ħ
ǿպ嫣Ǻ貣
һϵ·ᴩ棬ǿٳǿ֮·
̫Զ֮ǰκڰң·ˡ
գֻεķ·⿪һǿ֮·ĥºˡ
ҵĴսϵ·˺üӲϡ
һתۣʮȥˣ
Ҷûг֣ħ彥סˡ
ڼ䣬ǽɳǿߴ̽ϢȴһҲûл
һδħ徫Ӣر˵Ѿ
ֻҪһ¶ͷͻΧǵ˸û취ȥ˵̽Ϣˡ
ǵϢ׼׼ȷⶼѾʮˣһϢҲûС
ħУһ׼ڶ񣬺ɴ棬˵дǿҵĲ
磬Ҳǵλ磬޶˱ǲһӻ𣬵ʮ죬˵ϸˣӰӶûܲŭգ
ǿĵ˵ϸضģɵӰȫޣҪһ͡һ׼ҲΪ
ǷѾۣϵȴ׵ˣܸģ
λʹϢŭڸ;УʲôµˣλʹģǶ˽⣬һġ
ħλ׼۵սľͷ亹ֱðƴĽ͡
λʹҵи⣡
̼һ½׼һĵ׼ƣǿٱһƣųϢ˵׺ݲба޶ȵɫǽǸŮ˼֡
˼
׼۾һĿ̼½׼һۣͰ˵ȥ죬պٲ֣ŮҲûŵıҪˡ
̼½׼жɢϢҶ
һƣν֮׼Ҷֲܣϻṇ̃
ԣֻҪҶ֪ϢжһӪȡ
ͬʱҶѵĳ;棬εĺħԵ
·ǿųĹǣҶаٸн
ԭΪⱲӶ̤硣
û뵽ʱΪϻãٴ̤Ƭϡ
ħı߻ģĴһƬţɫĴػӲһݺύѺۡ
УеԶɽ£һľïʢԲԡ
Ȼȴû˿ϢŨϢ
һУҶϤתˮܿıԼò
ţѪ£ڿ·ӡѪȫӡʧɢ
һ̣ħһ޶
һ·֮Ҷ򸽽һųǸȥ
߾
һȴһħǿͻȻɱһ˫˵ۣҶ˵ʶģֵǮĶȫ֮
ħǿҶʱˣΪĸԼࡣ
ң֮ǰû׼Ͽ˵Ľޣ˵ħʲôˣ·ǲײġ
ǣ˯ͷɻأȫװ
Цʲô
ħǿҶЦзëһ׳ɫ
Ǵɺã
ҶЦе˵㽫ԼϵĶңҸ㱣һȫʬһܹҹ׶ʴ֮ʹȥ
õ
ħǿһȣʩչǿҶȥ
һ̡
Ҷ·еĶѹһգֻһƴĲߡ
ħǿᣬû뵽Ȼٵһǲɱһжûͱ̵ˡ
ôʵãƤ֮࣡
ҶɫŹֵһЦﳤȥùǿڷҡ
Ƭ֮ùԵָζֿЦĲҽУĽħ޶ˡ
ҶʩʩȻһųǣתƬ̣һⲻľ¥׳һöħܿõԼҪϢ
¥ĻƾǸǮۿĴͣڽӹҶħ֮ͲӵӣԼ֪ȫ˵˳
ڵ֪ħ徹Ȼ˱ɣϻýԼҲͰˣڷħⲼ¾ɱҲ޷ܲ˵ǣ̼½׼۾Ȼ˴
һ̣ŭ˼£޲̴ħ£Ⱥɱɾ
˿̵ѲǵǸҶˣﵽ˼ĳ̶ȣɽǰɫĵĹ
£ǿѹͷŭŭ⣬΢ɲĵǸϸôɵ𣿡
˭֪أǸϻõСƯǿԵĻȥħ£û׼ֵһ׷ء¥һЦĻš
뿪˾¥Ҷ΢̽һֱͨӸħĹųǡǣ
̼ҵķأħǳصˣͨײײ
ԣǲΪҶ
ֻҪҶôϻþͱȻᱻɶҲԽˮ¥̨ȵ£ųħһ˵ζ
ҶǻЩУͨͼ̨ǡ
ϻãҵİˣңˣͨУҶ˵


2091 СҴı
ųǽֵ֯
ԣ۴αȣڶ
˵ųǵķԿħǰʮ
̼ҵķأ̼ڴ˾Ӫǧ꣬Ѹٹ̡
ħħһ
ħóԲ󣬼۸ʵݰ
Ƥףǹ룬߹·Ҫ

ѽųǣҶ˸ֽɵЩп
ȴ˵Щͨħ岢޶£ûаѪЩʵͽ˾ȻаԴͷצ
˿̣Ҷɫ԰ףһͷɫа죬ɢŵħħ塣
ڴϢĽֵϣҶһѲӣ׼Ѱһŵ㣬һΧ˵̸ܷЩ˵̸еõһЩõϢ
ܿ죬һ¥¥ߴϣ෴ͨȴ̾ħֲ˶С

Ҷһ߽¥֮У׼һ̽Ϣƶж
Ҷϣ¥ǸϢļɢأΪʿײķ䣬ϲ¥ЪЪţȵƣţ٩ĥʱ䡣
СˣһϾƣҶһλòʹķ羰ʵȴΧ˵ġ
ܶϢ̸вԴˣҶид
жܵϢھϱ¶ģһ֮ͰѲסŶˣܶƽʱ˵Ķ˵ˡ
ֵܣƴӣ
һӵҶ棬ӦֵԸʮħţ⣬һ̳Ͼƣ
ܿ죬һʮ룬һĨǵľգغһھʹ죡
ҶҲһȻԵõӡ
˵ֵܣҲİɣ
ָƣҶʵ
ʲôҶ˵
㲻֪
һȵĿҶȻһ׷λѾֻҪҶǸϸٲħСŪֻǣûжһиʹ̼
˵Ŀ⣬һ
أ
Ҷǿѹͷŭ𣬲ɫʵ

һŵĵ϶ġ
Լã
ܼ򵥣ҸǷħµ䣬רŸħСģڼǰ׶С˵ģ˵һԸİǸϸԷδ飬˵ֻϸеһ͵ȵȡ
ƶ˵һ£ǸϸֲɵӣôΪðգǰأ˵ħСӵעֻǶѡ
ĻܶڳԷȾƵħ׷״׽ϣܹһ
ֵܣǽˮ¥̨ȵ£ֵܲҲˬһ£һŮһΣһҲûʲôźˡ
Ҫܸ˯һⱲӶдʱˣ
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ҶԹۣŭֱ嶥ţ޲ɱ֣Щһȫɱ
Ҳ֪СҴı˿ܴ̾ݾߣֻǿѹŭ
аƶ˽жƻΣҲҪϻþȳຣ
ϻΪԼ̫࣬Լĺӣȳ
ǲȳĻҶкĽᡣ
һ־֤ʿ˵нǴɣԺ֤ʱĽ޷Ŵʹһ
Ϊˣħ¼̶ѨҲҪһ
˵˵һڳԵģٲֵǵġ
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ΪǰһòаһʯϣЦЦĿ
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ԴͬһɲǣҶ϶ʲôħĵܵܣǸƭӡ
ҶҲܺ棬Сĵӣðĵܵƭƭȣ
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Ҷ˵ʱˣֵܣģˡ
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Ҷ̵˵ԣҪһЩƣ˵
ĶأһֲܷɫһǿЦֵܣģ˵ģҾԲ˵
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Ҷƽȴാףɫˡ
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ڼܵܵһɲǣҶȵķ֣굹мƣѹһҳȥҡײƭ
꣡
ҶһֱָӶĺףС
Ѹײڶ֮ƽĵܵܿסʶʣֱ꣬õҪϢ֮󣬽Ĩɱ
Ƭ֮Ҷܵܵӣ˵ʬֱճޡ
ܵܵУҶ֪ݣȥ࣬ڲ֪ĸͷҺȥˡ
ȥ֮ǰһؼҵģΪ·ڼ
ҶҡڵǱļУ
Է޵ȻҲӲܹȡȻΪ׵İ취
ʱ֣С߽Уû׹ô¾ͱҶסˡ
ڼ̵ѻ֮ҶõҪϢһָĨɱ
תˮģ·Ϣħ¸ȥ




2092 ټϻ
ħѹ֡
بǻδܹ˴Ĵۡ
Զոɱʮһǿչųǣȫûħսˡ
һԸħ˵ȷǳ֮󣬲һ겻
ΪɱҶħѾĻ޵ֻҶͶΪսħ
ȻҶȴʼûг֣Լжϲ˻ɡ
ǰҪˣҶԾûħ϶Щסˡ
ѵжϴˣ
Ҷʯĳûнϻõϣ
Ļǵһ׼ɾͶæˣ
ǲĵ˵һأħΪħʡ
ħ治ϵزħ˵ѹôҪ⣬ȴ޻˵ֻԴվﰤѵ
Ƕ˽Ⱑһϼ
ʹϢŭ
ħͷƤ飬֪ûһĽͣ¾Ҫϵŭˡ
ȻʱǵҲȫҡˣҲҶˣҪˡ
һ̣ǰҶûаǵļƻǰʹǰӡ
Ȼǲ֪ǣҶˣҾƤӵ£ģö֮Ľ˷ħ¡
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ֻǣ̼ҵϵˣҲ벻Լһͬ䣬ʵͻˡ
ֵܾͿȳˣ椣ѴѾã칫ӶˣԵ޹Ⱥ
˵ذƽʱһ㣬һȡ
иͼ
㻹˵椵ãȻˣһҲǼ˿˾ҧڡ
ϧ˵ˣҪȵ죬ȷϸֵܿ磬ǲޡ
ģ⼸춼ˡ
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ʱ䣬·ͷ˸һ꣬Ա

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ͷҶŭħ£ֻˣܶɱģֻԼͬ顣

ҶһһȥָƼƻ
ۣ
ϼ˾ֵĿУһƺХҶһĳ࣬Ҳ˲ĨɱĲˡ
⡭
ϻȫˣķչԤϣôҲû뵽Ѻ侹Ȼɱ
ϻãԲܿˣ
Ҷ¶ݣһε˵
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ⲻΣҲǻþˣˣҶӵھΡ
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죬ƴһսҲҪϻúԼĺӾȳ

ϻҲ֪ⲻǸΣһʱ֮ѽܣ֮ǰʵѾʵĳȣֿЦҶȥ
˼ˮѵˮίˮ
һ̣ͳͳйϻ÷Ҷͷ޵һ㣬滨ꡣ
ȥˣȥˣ
Ҷϻ§ڻУĴļڣûһë㲻̤ҵʬ壡
ô˵ϻҭţһҶĺ󱳣Ҳ˵ôĻ
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Ҷοһȴ뿪ʲôǳȥ˵

ϻҡף˸еĵٶ౧һĻůϧվң
˵ʲôأ
Ҷˣ۾˵㣬ҪҵĻ
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Ҷֱϻ˵һỰŽϻսǹ֮У׼ȥ
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¡¡
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ɱ󱻼иֳ޾磬ħ¶Уεɱض𶯡
ǿֲɱ󣬺пǴۼɱ󣬷˿ֲ·նһ顣

һЦħͬʱ٣Խɱ֮Уɱ
㻹
ħһ½׼ۿЦڣ
ˣҲԼж͡
ɱ֮Уϣ
ħ׼䳰ȷΪҶ˷ڽˡ
ΪǵˣϽʹҲˣʮһλ׼ۣ죬죬һ죬ǿݣ㲻ɱҲܾɱҶϾ߾ڵʥѡ
˵ôʲôɱնɱΪѵľӢǱ𣡡
ҹζ࣬һ֣ס꣬ҪĶ
ħ׼ͬʱڣʱ䣬ƱãһѪ׽£ɷ֮ħӿݺᡣ




2093 ڳ
ҹī
ħºڰžɱؼﻯɱ
εɱϯأ·ħ綼̮
ɱ֮Ҫն飡
λ½׼ۣħ֮ľӢۣҪɱҶ
ϣ
Ҷǹ飬ɱ졣
ȻˣϵҲ˴ս׼
գһѪսºѰȻȥˡ
۹ƣҶɱһ˿˽⣬ϾͰһôˣĿȾģҲһЩ衣
ȱԵҲȫοⲻǴۼɱһǶѣܹĶء
ﬣ
ܿ죬ҶѰɱһЦչ׷ǲɱݺ۳ңһ۴һƵ׼۱
һǱɱħ׼۵ıħڽ˻֮ħеһӡҲĨˡ
УҲ⵽ħλ½׼۵ľɱ޾ɱݺᣬ֯ɱ
꣡
ɱ쵶գնһ飬׷Ҷɱ
׷ǲѾɣټ϶ʱͿռ䷨ĳѳɱ֮⣬򼴱㲻Ҳᱻæҡ
Ҷ̾Ϣûаô裬ͨıһЩƵ򣬷Ϊٿɱɱˡ
ҶСˣ
̼½׼ۿ˵Ĵ߶ɱ󣬾ɱ
Ҷٸѹ縡Ӱһ㣬ɱдУնյıܿɱն
ǿһ֮նϵж
λ׼۲ûг֣Թۣ·ڿè׽һ㣬ϴϷʵЦݡ
ɱ
ǧħ֮ɱ֮Уɱ󣬻ϮɱҶʱЩ׽⡣
Ϊɱң
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ۡ
ǹһչʱѪ죬ɱ֮УЩħĺ֮ҲĶ֣ݿһɨʬ嵹һƬ
У
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ֻǣɱ󲻿ܳãΪϾǿȴ۵ɱȻһǣҲžɱĥһƣնܡ
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ħĺ֮㣬ûһһ֮գۼˣֻڲӡ

ħ汩ŭҶǵƤӵɱôħľӢܲǸλ󶯣
䣡
һ֣ͬصΣֹҶɱħӢ
ȻҶϣͻȻһᴩǵʬ֮۶ɣӲħλ׼۵ĺһ

ҽɲǼʮħ徫Ӣ񱩵УʲôҲû¡
ԭڵλħ׼۹һ˲䣬Ҷ뵽һŴ˵еͨƻľתơ
ֻڴ˵֮УҶէ֣ͨ쳹صͨλħ׼۴£ת޵Ⱥùϣʱǳ˸
һ֮ǰµƾȫˡ
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ڳɣ
ҶĮϴŵЦɱ纣Хһ㣬ϯɱ
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ˣ
Ҷֲɱ
䣡
£һƵ׼۱˲䱬ըǳըѣ貵Ĺâա


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֫ϱҷɣз·һѪ֮꣬ٸɫѪ׷¡

Ҷ䣬ûаĲ
䣡
һ׼۱ըˣħ徫Ӣ
ԭֻոûһԼ˵Ĵ
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Ҷ˿Ϊ׼۱ԱɱҲĥһЩ磬Щˡ
⣬һ̣ʯٶħҲԻ֮ġ
һӵ¼壬Ȼɱôˣɱ㲻ԸοսӢ顣ħŭȡ
ǵӵ¼壿ħʲôˣǵӡĳ衣ҶĲ⡣
󣬲ٿڣֱӽʣµ׼۱ˡ
䣡
䣡
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ʬҰѪɺӣ˸ֲɱеĲ״ɱħ徫Ӣ˳˾ųɣֻ˶ûб׼۱ıըҼһ
ȻҲݻԼѣҶ׷ɱ£׼֮£ûӡ
꣡
ǹһչ紮Ǻ«һ㣬һӱ㴩һֱһǹϹŵʬ׷ױ鿪
ħŨļҺ壬֪˶ħǿߡ

ǧӢʣʮˣһ㣬ӣλ׼ȡ
ħ£ħһҪɱҲýѹڴˣ
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Ĵսʼ֮ǰ㿪θСˣǿ
Ҷɨħλ׼ۣɱȻ




2094 ն׼ۣ
ɱЧסҶɱ˴ħ徫Ӣ
ǧӢħ缸еĺ󱸾Ӣˣһսȫ𣬶һ֣֮ħ۵ֱ£޲һ
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ǾãҶܶо׼۱Ŷʱɱ˴ħ徫Ӣս̫ǿ
ԣǸûгֵ˼ԹۣҪҶսжǿ
ǶԣЩȥħ徫ӢͬȦĳӣˣѹ⡣
ʣ̬ǡøҶᣬʮһλ׼ͬʱ֣׼ۣݣҶǿҲֻ޵ķݶ
һϣɱ
̼½׼һָƼ٣Ҷɱȥ
ͬʱħ׼Ҳͬǰصеķ
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Ҷһһ׳ϣеһ㣬¡
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ͬʱҲܺ棬һ߾ڵʿΪλ˿ֲսҿֱ˼顣
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׼۸Ҷ˵
УҶһֻϣ֮ǰһɱħһ׼ۣҲǽҶѡ
̼½׼۸ոս׼۾Ϥս;ȫҹд󣬲Ҷ˿ɳ֮
ţҶκνҡ
һƵϣ꣬Ѿﵽ졣
Ҫ֪ɲͨʱɢľ磬ľȫǿԼģ쳣ʵ
ЩڴսпʱɢģսԶܺԼᲢۡ
߽ݾʵʼղԼôʵȻҲͬն
ҶĽ죬ּᶨɽһ㣬ɢŲ־
ǹٳɽӣӰ˻ģңң׼һָϻ˵ǰ
ȫʬȴ˲ʶôǾݹˣ
׼һֱǰһĳرɫз֮һֻḥ֮̂Ҷѹ¡
ɱ
ҶһХʥ⣬ڷ޷ԶлǹΨһɹ⣬ɲǼ̴񷣬ӲĴֶһѪʴѪ⡣

׼۲ҽУг𺧣û뵽ҶȻǿزһǹ֮£̴ܴĴ֡
Ҫ֪Ͽ¹๦ģ׼۱׼֮£ܵ
Ȼ죬񻰱ˣҶĻǹɱޣɱֱ衣

׼߳ŭһȣƿٱСֱۿʼһ㰵ɫƬĺ⡣
ɱ
ŭ֮£׼ҪڣֱӶǿսһȭҶɱȥҵȭâ·ܴ硣
ҶҲһȣأǹȭӭ
һ̣е似ϣ·Ӷ磬ָƼصۡ
䣡
һ㣬Ȼѣ֮Ƶ֮·һɫ̫âҫ
ۣ
Χ۵ħʿֱѪˡ
вʵ΢ħʿֱӱ
ԶųɢŵâǽϣųϿգֳ޾磬Źųǲǿನݻ١
ˣųԾвħͨڷֱӱ޴Դ
ħ£ų˵ⲻһƽ١
Χ۵ħʿһˣֲεĴսͲܹսģһЩϼħҲܲˣֻԶԶعս
䣡
䣡
䣡

սģҶչֶΣ깲ɱɢضҪˡ
׼սȻǷͬ׼۶죬ɱȹħǿˡ
ɱ
ҶĿԲɢɱ⣬ӿ׼Ӳƴһǡ
ǿŷڵѪʩչǿɱɢ֣һǧɱͻأĸ֣Щһˡ
ۣ
ɱ޵֮Ѫɱһа񣬺Ȼ׼£
꣡
ɹһѪܵϵɷ׼۵ֱĥˡ
ۣ
ͬʱҶҲ͵һѪҡΣɫһ԰ף


2095 ŴУ
ֳһļž
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻƾһ֮ɱϽʹ
ħЩɵۣ
ϿҶʵǿҲû뵽Ȼǿ˹
ɱʲô
ʵУǷһɱڣ
˶ˣ
˿̣ȻҶѪ׼۱һܵشҲҳ͵Ϯ
̫ˣ
Χ۵ħʿͷţĶ֣ε
ת˲֮䣬Խǿ䣬һ˻ϽʹħʿѪˡ
ħ½׼۸ĵ㺮Ͻʹսˣȥֻбɱķݡ
˾
Ǵ˿ħʿͬҲħħ׼۹ͬ
Ҷֲ̫ˣֱħϽʿĿǣ˲ħϽ磬ա
ɱ
ħȳ֣λ׼ۣҶһ㽫ضˡ

Ҷڷ裬һ㣬ѹԼľ磬񱩵Ѫһ񷣬ȵľѪƺն顣
䣡
ɽһ㣬ҶƲϱǣضΪ֮
飡
ʢѪϳײ£·һϱײˣҶǰȻʣһոµľ硣
߾۷壡
սҶ˼ʵһ
һƬոµأ
߾۷壬ֻѾ̤׼۾չֳһƬǰδе硣
䣡
׺һӽûˣһƬٵĺ
ؼããһƬٷ׵˲񷣬ϲ֮ŭ˼䡣
ЩһֱѹԼľ磬̫죬µȡ
ʿµľǵȣǰȻԣ˺ڣֱײԳλˣԲ䣬ܵ׼۾죬ʱ
ʱ磬棬Ϊؽ֤Ϊһؼǡ
Ȼǰڽ̫죬ڳ۾ʱ˿µ췣
ʲô龰ûֻ֪֪ٹǿһƬٻҡ
λţڵȣճ۾ʧܣһƬٻң˶̾Ϣ
ҶĿǰҲǰڽ̫죬ûоʱĻĥ£ڽ⡣
ҲҶһֱѹԼԭ
첻ˣѹȥɡ
׼ͬʱɱﵽ׼죬⡣
ſʵѹ֮ʢѪ籼ڵ˲忪һոµ
ڶȻħϿпֲƣڱҲѹҶɢ
һ㣬֮ǰҶѾ֪ˣħϣڵʱ򣬱˿ֲ١
䣡
ٽ٣ÿһɽ룬̺ſֲĻ֮ħ¶ݲеĲˡ
޾׵磬âûأѾǵһ磬һƬ׺
ʲôˣȫûˣĿһƬۣԶԸоֻ֮
Ӱ

Ҳ

Χ۵ħʿ⵽˳֮꣬ڣ˲䱻ɷɻҡ
٣ؼΪ͵ϲԵ־նа
ħµľٵմǣɡ
ǰǵʵһЦѡ
ꡭ
ħ׼ѾӾܣҶ̫ǶˣȻԸǡ

˺ѷεĲҽ٣˷ɻңԶˡ
Ҷģҵţٽ֮ʱڣ
ħ֣ϵ䣬ȻȴƬҲͣӵñӻ죬ã챻ˡ
ƵǣҵֿԼ٣ɡ
ǿߣﵽ׼죬ȫԳ֮Уе
ƫƫǲУȻʵǿá
Ϊ壬壬ش㣣Ǵ
ƽջãһԼ٣ǱȻٺ䶥ǿ췣
ֻҪԼ٣ûһ˿ܻ϶
ˣٽٵһ˲䣬ȫû˸ղŵİһѾӶݡ

ħ¸ȫˣܶڻִ̿Уؽѣδţôܿùȥ
Ҷ٣׼۶Կܼѣˡ
ۣ
Խѣһħǿ׺䶥ľˮֽ£Ľ˷ɻҡ
һ̣ħʿһҪĳ嶯ɱУһ̫ˡ
Ȼȴ޻˵ģҶʲôֶζ֡
Ҫɱ˰
ħʿȫɫףļȿ־壬ǣҲǡ
һʱ䣬ѵľء
Ǵ˵еٰǹ£ֱħĿǡ
䣡
ױҲ֪ɽûâ죬ÿһռ䶼׽٣˵˼㡣
̫ˣǾɱ
Ҳ
ҶģҲŹġ
ĲҽУ͸޾׺Ļصһɱ١
úݡ
īһλ̫ϳϲҽУڣѪ죬׹⣬ѾһϢˡ
̫ʹˣѰɣ
˵䣬Ҷһָһָâüġ
ٺ£ķѣ󳹵׻˽ٻҡ
˿̣Ҷٵģǿ񱩵Դأ޾ĵâǳȥģһ߶ǿɽ纣Ƭء
֣ٽ£Χ۵ħʿ˲ܲסһ١

໺𡭡
ĲҺ˷ſ־Ͳʣپ׹ڳ
һĻɰħǸŻˣӶݣҪ뿪ٵķΧ
ƾǵʵȥãֻҪٵķΧǾ㰲ȫˡ
ٽȫɱǹҶ¡
بħ綼ûо˿ֲ٣ٵˡ
ɽٴݻ٣ħ޸Ǿֵİ
ħһħҲ֮ڵģͬմǲ١
أ
Ҷ޾ױ׷ɱȥһ·ϣνɱ񣬷ûʲôܵסĽŲ
ҶС
ôͲأ
˾ֵ˼㣬һһ߶񶾵䡣
˿ͣ٣ȫʹȫϵ˺ա
ȻҶǣӵĺǣҲ׷ɱ
ҶҪټʱ򣬳ǣһٽ׶༪١
ۣ
飡
䣡
Ҷںڰеո֮˵Уɻҽ
׷ǲ£ٶȵļ£һɽӵתʱ
Ƭ֮Ҷ׷ħλ½׼ۣݿһ㣬һȭһǾС
֮УҶۣصףɴʹ췣
塭ϸ
½׼۴𣬱Ҷһȭ򱬣ɻҡ
Ҳ
޼½׼۾ֵĴУȻȴעȻ׷ϣͱɡ
Ҷ޾ױһ㣬죬һְ£޾һŴֱ֣ӽĳɷɻҡ
׼ҲҶ׷ϲɵˣ֮УǾԵףƿ
̼䣬λħ½׼ϤɾҶպ
ֻϧֻħ֪


2096 ɱ
Σϣ
ֲһ㣬ȴûһ˿
Ҷ٣ʮһ˲һһϿ档
໺𡭡
ϴʧɫƴֿصɱ⣬ͼӳȥ
Ȼǲܵģʮһ٣ȫ׵ɵȫһ㣬ÿһƬƬǳ̺ſֲĻ֮
󣬵⽻֯ùϵ˲仯Ϊɻң¶ªı塣
ûкÿģȻϺЩƣȥҲȻͬ
ҲһɫƬ˫צһ㣬ͷϻһֻССĶǡ
һ׼Ǳ壬ҶҪɱҲƱػḶĴۡ
Ȼ֮Уȴһ㣬һֲʵȴѹƵء
ʱ⵽شƬɣīɫѪĽͷϵĶǶ챻ˡ
ҶٳֲϲԶĿ飬̫졣
֤ʥ˵ʱ򣬳ֲʥ˽ЩٵһŹǣ׼۶Ȼɫ޷ܡ
ÿһ磬ٶӿֲڣѾûм˿Գˡ
ԼҲ죬߾ܵĵֿ
Ҫ֪Ҷÿһ磬ٵĴѳԽ׼۱׼ۻҪǿ
ˣԾɻʹصչˡ
֮УֻѡһǿţӳٵķΧһԿ
һѵѡ
Ҷֲ̫ǲֿĻƾɱûܻ˵ʲôӳٵķΧˡ
ǵֿƱػԼ٣ǿߣҲա
Ҫ֪רܶһӶûо٣ȻԼ٣ɡ
ħ͸ԶԿˣһԼ٣ǱȻǻصĿֲ١
ǱͲĿǣմ֮

Ϸޱȣץˣǲ룬׺Ļѣͷ¶û˵ֿ֮
ˣ
ʱ䵽ˣʮһɵɢʧؼ䡣
Ȼûϴһҫ۵ͻأĳ֣ٴν档
̫ٵĽɵģٱĿǡ
ġ
ùϼˣڣһκ̿ԭĿˣīɫѪ˲ɡ
˱ҶٹעǼ׷ˡ
׼Ŀֲڣټʱɵǣһ˶Ǵ󻼡
׷ǲ£Ҷħoϵոħʿ֮Уɽٻҡ
䣡
һ˱ͷɢң̲סԿ٣Լ١
׼۶ɽ٣εȵĿֲһ̫١̫١׽١١
һ׺ȻĴҲҪɫο
ۣ
ʵģԴඥ룬֮˲飬
ֿӣҪԿħˣԼͬ飬һһңֿӶݡ
ʮһλ׼ۣ¾ɱ֣֮ȴҶͣȻû뵽ҶȻƾ֣նɱ˴ħʿ翳вһ㣬նǾλ׼ۡ
˿ֲս˵һʥȻ׼ĲҲδ
ħ˴ѣ֮ǳسɻңɽֱӱ飬ޡ
ϸݺύ鲼ſֲѺۣ缸챻ٵˡ
һսħЩˣħ޻ħͨˣⳡУڡ
ҲҶ֮ǰʼδģ˿Ϊɴ٣һ׷ɱ
Ѫ䣬ɱŨ
ҪһսǬΣնɱѿ֮С
׼в̫ˡ
Ȼ˿ȴֻ׷һˡ
ȨƬ̣Ҷܿѡ񣬴޾ױһ׷ɱȥ
ӣ
ҶһȣͬԽռһ㣬ٶȿ쵽£ת˲׷һȭȥ޾񱩵׹⡣

ϾֵĴУ߾ȫ籡Żɫ⡣
˿̣Ѫ죬ñˣǱ
飡
׼ֱ˲ըٵʴ
Ҹƴˣ
ͷɢŭ
֪ԼˣƹˤֱͷϢԿ٣ͼΪҶǿ١
ȻϲԲĴڣȻ¸Ϊֲ١
Ȼɴ۾ǣپȻûҶĿֲ
ģûˣϷ䡣
һϣĵȽҲ׼Ĵڣµ췣Ȼûһʥǿ
ȻˣҲֿˣ̫١ˮ٣١ٷ׵޾ױһӽûˡ

˺ѷεĲҽУرҪٵ㡣
ȻǲܵģƬ̣ر㱻ˣ󣬴ƬױֱӽûùͷӶ¶ˡ
飡
Ҷ뵢飬ֱӲٿ٣ɿӣ棬ɷɻҡ
ͷһ׼ħ׷ȥ
ϸ˵ħ첢ħһԱֻʵﵽ׼۾űٽ硣
˿̣ӣɥ֮Ȯһ㣬̻̲ա
Ҷֲ̫մȾֻѾӿ񱼣ͼһ١
չʱƵģʱһȻʧʱڵͷҶ£Ϊͬ飬Ϊѵħʿͨ˱
ȻˣҶԼҲܲ˿ֲ٣նɽʧܣױˡ
ʵϣҶٵȷԽԽֲˣػˮת·ٵһ㣬ٽ£ÿһ˿ѹգ˿һֱӽһ
ħʿҲڱȵٵĹԼ١
һֲľ󣬻һ㡣
ЩħʿӳҶٷΧԾɱⲻ˶ɽٵˡ
һϲԶϣǱɡ
еǿʿֻҪţԵɽ٣һԼ٣Ǳ˵ħˡ
ؼһƬͨââһƬٹᴩأڶɽ١
Ȼˣܶ˲ûмֶãֱӱ˷ɻҡ
ϣһЩεĻҽ֪жħʿ֮С
ħ˵ѣܶͨħ嶼ڵϣ
٣˵ϲŭˣҪȫĨɱ
ۣ
һ߾ٹඥ룬ֱ壬Խɢѣɻҡ
ħ죬ӣ
Ƭ֮ҶԶԶؿħ죬ɿħɭӶݡ
Ϥ磬֪ӶݣᲨͨħʿ
ͨˣҲħһԱħĸٱɱˡ
ۿҶ׷ħֺޣûܽ磬ʹ˽֮
ȴ˿ͣ٣ȼ˱Դ
òӣղžͱɱһЩԼ٣ܵش
ǱҶ׷ϵĻ룡


2097 ɱ֮
ףؽڣÿһռ䶼ܲٵ׹⣬ȫ˷
޾â۳ٵĺ󣬻һ֮ʡ
ҶңϲƺŭˣҪĽŲ
׷ʮҶòͣȫֿ١
ΪȻǿȻ˳׺֮Уɱ
Ȼɻˣֻ׹⽻֯ȴǵս
ڿգɱһУХ֮죬ɻ˳쵶գնΰ
ҶӶȭͷչԿɵٶˡ
𣡡
Ҷ쳤ХֱһƬ׹⣬ʱһƬͨž졣
֮อ֮⣬˻û
˳ȫԻΪá
ľ壬Ѿͨķʽˣֻΰܽһﵽǿ
ȥߴݼ
ٵıʣǶʿһֿ飬ҲܹܵסٵĿģսͬȣûоٵ˸߳һ
䣡
»˫֮ƣ׹⣬ֲϢ
ҶԾѵ˵۵Щʵжڲɣ
η壬Ӷ˫ȭֱ죬Ӳ׹ɵ˺ˣ͵һͿ
ҶȫëţгǧƽٹļƬ׹񺣣Ѫǵȶں
ͬʱüĳһӡ貣鲼Ÿֵơ
ɵӡġؼµĴӡ
˿̣һͬٵϴȡøǿ
ʣǳðգһñ³
ٲӦôֲϾͻƴ󾳽磬Զûгʥʱʥ˽ô¡
Ȼ̫˶ɽˣϲƺŭµĽѾȻʥ˽ٸңҶܲסˡ
ˢ
֣һҶ룬Ѫա
ǧɱ۵ױȻݻһ˿۱Ϣ
ô
Ҷɬת
εЩ죬֮ǰȫͬȻе۱֣ⲻϳ
Ҫ֪֮ǰҶɽٵʱƸֵ磬ȴûе۱
һû֤׼أ
ҶЩ˿ֲ٣ܳ
˿̣Ҳûаˣֻܽ߾ȫĶԿһɡ
죬Ҹƴˣ
ûʱ˼ٳ£ֻڴ˵е޶Իӳ˿ֲʵ
ҶâĸѤã֮
䣡
ǹǹһɽ٣ӡصۣͬɳ
֮ǰ˲ȻתΪ˻Ͼ
ΪǧǹƷٴᴿɱ纣Хһ㣬ɭɭٶ޷ڸǡ
ϣ
Ӷȭͷһ赲ӲûĽ
һѵḶ́ҶαУǶϽۣ顣
ͨ˵ʹ࣬Ȼȴһδεͦ˹
ۣ
һӡ£ֱӽҳ࣬ӡƴ۷һ۱
˻ӡ
Ҷһ㤣˻ʴ۵ĵ۱ȻҲġ˿Ի
Щ۱ûĵ۱֮һ֮£Ҷֱɿգס
۱Σ
Ҷܿ׹˻ӡǵ۱ĳΣδɳΪ۱
Ҳֲˣһ£˭ܿס۱ͬʱɱأ
ãã׺ޱߣҶһݺ׺ս޺͵۱Σһ޷Ľѡ
ϣ
ͻȻǹɱȥЩǹˡ
໺𡭡
ǹ·һ㣬ڲɱ⡣
ɱȻûΪ۱ȴȻ˼۱ɱֱ졣
ϣ
ǹҲʾ׺ݺᣬײ
꣡
ڻǹǿ͹£ˣƬɢ䣬ڽ׵µȴֿ顣
ͬʱ˻ӡҲҶǹѹ¡
ǻǹ٣Ҫսʤֵ۱֤Լǿ
ͬʱ޾׺ľͷе۱γ֣ɱ
һ󶦣ӴӡŻ桢ޣǳȵȣȻģȴһѹ֮ĵϡ
ŵ۵ĵ۱
Ҷһͷ⻹ôȫǹ֮۵ĵ۱Ȼֻǵ۱Σδɵ۱ҲС
ǹѲɱԿֵ۱Σ˺üΣǹϲѺۡ
䣡
𶯣һŻǹȥֱӽķɳȥˡ
˴۵Ļ
ҶӲĳһĲ˼顣
ʲô״ǹҪ٣Ϊ۱
һδεĳ֮УǹҲӴ̼Ҷǹ£ʲô
飡
Ҷͽһͷͷ䣬ҲһβɨУٴν塣
䣡
䱻֮󣬲ûٴ飬һģΡ
ǡ
ҶһоЩ
ش١١壬ſ԰Ȼȹ
Ȼ˿֮ɵģΣȻ˵еʥʡ
ʥʵĻǿҲսʤ
ˣ
ǵģӰˣһư£ŰԷƣѹ硣
飡
Ҷɳȥͷ֪˶ٸһѪ
ţ绯ɵҲʧˣٵľͷһΰӰ
Ŀ࣬磬Ŀϣͷǣ߼лޱȡ
ǡʣ
Ҷ﷢࣬ĴһսȴǱȺŹ
ǽһˣȫԷһ͹֮ۻһϸ£ĥ¼
ȻһӳˣҶǼֲϹŵۻʣֱǾɱ
䣡
ʳˣҪ磬ȫ󿪴ϣÿһХ쳹񷡣
תۼ䣬Ҷ㱻Ѫģ궼ˣЩڷ
ˣ
֮ۻʣһǾžޣɧھһʷʱǿߣѹţ޵У
ۻһһŻ𣬵ȴһͬ㣬ǾǻʱĶ֣įţǿ޵Уۣ֮Žδ
ҶĹ֮ۻһսԼԼʵ
ɷ֮УʱڵǧɱһսȻѣսʤ֮֮ɱˡ
ȴͬˣȻλ֮ۻʣ֤ս͹ھ棬һֱǾɱ˿ᡣ
ҶңĲǾۣû治֪ôˡ
ô˵۶Լĸ׵棬ҪһսĻǿǷͷϽˮ㡯ˡ
ۣ
ʺʥʹ֣ͬҶŰĸһ
һߣǹҲ˴ѣ۱ΧŹðѡ
֤׼۵Ĵ٣
Ҷ֮ϢάԼ겻
Ҳ֪˶ãλ֮ۻͻȻʧһ
ڼȴѾûв
Ҷ꣬һХѪؾۣ
žУۣӲԣ徧Ө޹
һߣǹҲѵĶȹ٣ɢɱǹǡ
һΣ˵һüζ䣬ͦȥ
ûˣҶԡ׹⣬ë׶׹⣬ȡеġ
ͬʱңԶ쾡ͷħ֮У׺ӡ


2098 ߾۷
٣ϲԶǿߵĿ飬ҲǶԶɽߵ
޾Ļ֮У̺ʢ
ֻгɹɹٵˣʸϲԵ
Ҷ˾һα࣬ڵʴ
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ΪħûѪӶˣŭյġ
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ħȻ޵˼£Ҳŭ񣬵ȴδʧȥǡ
֪ħսĻ۽Σħ綼һ޴˺
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λ׼۴սأħܲˡ
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䣡
ֻڿײ˿µĴݣڹ죬·ˣһϢ
֮·һֺɫѪգħ죬Ѫ˸

ħʿֲֿܲĲֱѪ⵽ش
ˣˣ
ܶħǿɫҰףк˿ٺˣ˿ֲĴսǿԽΧ۵ġ
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ħǿҳһţв̤ħʿ
һѷ˵ųǣЩ˲žԶҲ֪Զ˳ӲĴϡ
죬ħ̨ǹۿһս
ųУ̼һ̫ϳϣеīȫ׳
ڼλͨƵһæҵĿ̻֮ħ̨ڳ͡
ħ̨ǶϼƷħṩԴԴܿ죬ӳճħɽеս
Ҷԣڷ裬һɱһ㣬䣬ɱޡ
ħһħۣħΨ˫âգ׼ѹƵؼ䡣
ɱ
ħһȳ֣Ӷħȭ·Ƭ磬Ҷɱ
ϵϸˣ
̫κλᡣ
Ҫ⣬Ա峤ɱ֮𣡡
ħ֣ųеħʱ˷ܲѣͷӶ۷׷ס
ΪҶħĶ֣˫ʵ̫ˣֻҪħ첻У֮ڣؿȡ
սսս
Ҷʥԣ۾ѣտȻɽӣҲȭǰɱ
䣡
˫ȭײ綼Ųѣ·˿µĴɽһЩ½ĳǳضȻ֪˶ħͨˡ
׼սһŹǸһ
ܵ䣬ĴɽϿ˵ػģ̶ֳܲȵĳ
ʲô
ô
еħʿǳ׾ˣһɺӹͷð
þһǸþ
ǲħ̨⣿
ܣԲܣ
ųУܶħʿ۾ԼһС
Ҷжǿ


2099 ֮
ħˣ
ħ·˴
˭Ҳû뵽ɽٺҶȻܹ׼ħսƽ֣̫ˣ
˵嶼
Ҷôôǿ
⡭֪е
ǳҵԤϣ
ħһеΪֹˣҲٸκλᣡ
ΪҪһ𣿡Ҷһ½ǣһ޾塣
֮ǰĶԾϤͻ֮ս
߾۷壡
Ѿ׼۵һЩż׼۷в
ңңԣȵսϯء
ɣ
ħ첻ٵȴǿһڹ⣬Ҷɱȥ
䣡
һȭǳ𶯣׼۷֯һŴ£ҶǣƬضˡ
ҶһХſ³һӣ׼۷֯Ĵ
Ѱеһѽеץһħɱ
䣡
ǿձ飬̮·Ҫعԭ㣬ռңʱħ·˴١
ħɽУǿֲѺۣ˴սΧﶼɳĮݲǿħ޸ǵһʱ䱬ɢݵѹɻҳ
ϣҽڣ㽫ˡ
ۼƸֳ˸ŹâסŹǡ
һԵĴսϢһС
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սϱ޾ħ͸貵Ĺâ֣ʲôҲ壬ֻԼΰӰڶԿÿһ֮
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ĬĬϣħܹҶɱ黹ת
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𣡡
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ԣͻ֮Ҷʵʵܸսƽ֡
ս˽״̬˴˭Ҳռκαˡ
ۣ
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ĹûãǿҵĸʴԶԱǾɱɶܹðħҶ˵ͬͬԴ
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Ĵڻǹƣټ𶯳֮
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ħЦֱӳ֣ǹץȥϸһ㰵ɫƬһ㣬ĺ⡣
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˵䣬Ҷâʢһȼյ̫ħ硣
ۣ
ǹȵӴ̽ѩУɲǼ佫ħƶˡ
飡
Ҷһֱͣһȭǹβ񱩵ǹ֮С
ۣ
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㡭
ħ쾪֣ôҲû뵽ȻеһͿأҲûзĻˡ
ΪҶĻǹУ̺ĴԴ򣬸һɷ

ΪԵĻ棬
Ҷ񱩵ǹ֮У˲ݻħ
㰲ĵȥɣħ嶼ģ㲻į
˿̣Ҷһɱֲۣɱϯħ磬ħ
䣡
һħǱһ˿һ궼û⣬ֱӱճޣ




2100 ħ壬ݺħ磡
ô
־壬ÿһħͷǾ
ǵʲô
ǲ¾ɱ֮ɱҶңԾĹ
ʮһλԽĴڰôȫˣϽʹ߶Ƕ֣ǻôֿ
һ̣ħ綼˿ֻţųǶͨħ̨ۿһսȫ̡
Ͻʥʹʵ߾أ
ȻȴˣҰܵúܲңȫʬ
˿̣ħһƬǽ壬ǧٿףټϴսĺۼʮħ۾ӵزڣͨħħԶʧˡ
بħδܹ˳صĴǲˡ
ô죿
ħʿӱ˴˵۾п˿־;
˵ޱİ취
λϽʥʹսˣǻʲộ
ʲôȥֵѪ֮ûУѪ֮ҲסͬɱһҶ
ֱڣǻΪҶҶǽϰˡ
岻ͬħܹ档
⣬¾ƣϻõҶͶҶưոݣ
ԭΪһʧļƲߣȴΪҶʵһͿء
ȻҶģǳ֣ħ徭˴û꣬ǧ궼ָԪ
һΣ˽ˡ
Ӱɣ
ͨħ忪ڣһĻ̿֡
ӣӣ
̼̫ϳһɥĵûߵĿˣڴأֻҪһ¶ͷͻᱻɱκϣ
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һʵ΢Сʿ˵˸ƴˣôˣҲ
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ֻҪһ𣬾ħʦµˣڣΨһϣϽûǣһ壬ĲˡҵһλϽӿڣһľ
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һβʧأǵʧҲͬСֻҪ˵֧Ԯǻġ
ܶħʿ׷˵ǲľôˡ
Ѿˣ
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ħħ磬һ֮׼Ѫϴħ磬Ǳڵв
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ҶһߣûӲƴͣŹųǵΧһȦ
߹ĵطһɫ縡֣ųΧͬʱŹ⣬ʬһ㡣
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ҶһȣֱӶѰͬʱƺƴþˣųײˡ
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ħǿչ·ϣǿչ·ʮһǣɱ飬׳
ҪծֻҪֻһҪϢ
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֪ʲôʱõϢԣʱ̱۷״̬
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ħ̫ˣ֮ǰȫһԴǣȻ磬ȴȵˡ
˺嫵磬ų岼еķһ㣬ڶʱĨɱ
Ҷһųһųǵߣ֮Ȯݲ
ⲻ̣ǲòΪ֮
ԵʴȣǶԼ̣仰ҶһֱμС
ǿʳУʴҪõģԼ»
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˿̣ħѻΪһƬ£ʲôˡ
ħǧ⣬ųһţ˲ܲˣ뿪˹ųǣҲ˾ãڹųиȫһЩ
ħ̨Ѻľǲ֪Ҷ˿Ѿ˹ųǸ
ȻҶ֮ǰǵ龰ȴǿˣĿɿڴһɺӿ
޷ųǵķƶס˲ݻ١
ųǹ
̼̫ϳ۸߻ӣҪڳ˵Ķ־سǡ
ȻȴЧ΢˶ų̼ҵأʧأ̼Ҳͳˡ
ɱϾԼأЩɢǸǲмһˣ˶صס𣿱Цˡ
ҶǾһħ񣬸˲ֿͷ
˿̣ɽ֣ħΪܹһ٣ֿĻֻø죬Ҳҡ
ѵǼô׸ɣ
̼̫ϳϻŬϾ˿ųʿ࣬ħľӢͬĻδزס
䣡
ѿҶڹųϿգĮĸųǡ
ǵĩգˣ
ҶųϿУû˿Ĳ
Ͻ簡ѵ𣿡
̼̫ϳϾĴ󺰣гԹޡ
ȻҲԴУƴųǵķƣһֲ縡֣ųڣһ㣬᲻ɴݡ


2101 ŵĴ
ΪҽŲ𣿡
ҶЦչ׷ǲ縡Ӱ޾дУûһܹ赲
䣡
Ҷ˳ƵķųϿգһ£ֱ̼ȥ

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Ȼ
ͽ͵ģ񱩵ֱӱҶĴˣյĴָ̼Ͽա

Ҫ
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ֻϧҶǰʵͲ

Ҷһǹһս͸ǹâÿһܶգֱӽǶ֮С
һλɱôˣȻħ壬ϧҶлһ˿
ħҲԸΪħģЭȴħףħ˵ּʹƽ
ȻڸʱֻӲĳЩħɱЧĴħ档
뵱ħ嵱צк˶޹ʥ飬˵ħ磬һ磬ħҲа塣
Ĺʷ˵һ仰࣬ı죬УȹŴ䣬һ׳ǿߣԶ
ΪԺ滷ΪǧųԹбҪħ
ڣ绹ûǿߵƿؾ棬һһǵȥҲƱҪɾ
ʹʹС̣Ҵı
ΪĳξðȻǵһкη
Ϊİƽʹǣֺգ
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Ҷһ̾Ϣָ£Ĵ˸ɫĳָ䡣
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һ£ص̼ңʹ˻ҷ𣬳״ħˡ
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Ψһͷ
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м֪ߵغħʿóȻſڳȥյſڣ㱻ֲɱɱѪڷ
ˣ
ųУڶħʿɫҰܣ׾ˡ
ͬʱڰԹ̼ң治Ƕ˷ʲôã
סҶųС
Ͻɳħ磬ˣ
ܶħʿ۵Ĵޡ
ϧʵᣬܽĻҲ䵽ֵز
ںƹ֮ǰȻܶǶǿԶڰ䣬
ħĳ֣ŵеԽԽ١
ҶڻϿסĺۼдսż
ͳ˵ںƹ֮ǰǻһȵӺ嫣ʿԴǡ
񣬻һƬҺɫʯͷ͸ɺԵĴ֮⣬޳
˵ʲôң
ȻôңҲӦ֪ٵԴǣ˶û֮ء
ʥ˽ٵʱҶڻϷ֣ϵǳϡζʲô
ڶɱǻķϵĻȵҲɢ
ϵľ񣬾Բȵ٣ڣϵľѾʮˣҲðڰɣ
ʮ˿ڣ֮󣬷ޣ棬ǺεӴ֣
һ˲䣬Щ鶼˵ĻôɢϢ൱˵ġ
񣬻ϴݲû˿Ѿ˵һ¡
ǵĸ𣬺ħ壬Ѳ˸ϵ
ǣֻԴǵһӰѣиԴǡŵأ⵽˻ԵɱӴ˻Ϊ
ħ˿
һϣƴˣȻսҲȱɱǿ
ųУһЩ֪֮鷢ɱʽսҲҪҶۡ
Դ˿̵Ҷͽ͵ģֻܼӿǵ
ۣ
Ҷ֣һ£ѹ䣬ܵʿѪ࣬걻ɱɿա
һųеʿʧʮ֮һǲҵľ˾
Ҷ飬䣬겻ħʿڿû˿ʯͷһ㡣
飡
ۣ

ҶƵ֣ʮųеĽʿȫͨħ
ЩΪûκηħͨˣҶһ˿ҡ
뵽磬뵽˵뵽Դǡ
ʿ˵ͨ˸࣬һĸڡ
ûʿһӴһ겻񣬵ҲҸȼڷ
ˣǧ˴˵Щ֮⣬ʿټ٣һȶ˴С
ǣһر仯֮
Ȼں磬ԴǻûȣϾˡ
һˣҶĿ⽥ħ壬ֻͨˣҲҪ󻼡
ңҪ֣͹ǵ岻ãΪۣɾԼΪݣ
Ҷ˫ۣչ˴ɱ
ųҶδԶ֣ǹʬ֮ɲǼ䣬ųǱһƬء
ݺᣬ֮ųǺƵħ屻룬ֱӻΪҳ

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һųǣǧħ壬ʿͨˣǻħޣȫڷ
⣡
һҶ׼һǳظȥʱͷȻһͷƤ顣
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һֻͻأĳ֣Щħķѣ֪ͨħ屻ǳظǵ
۵Ϣ
Ҷˣû뵽ħ羹Ȼһۡ
ϧһĻûħʿǱȻ˷쳣λ۳֣ҶɱΪͬ屨

һƴֻٴҶɲǼأ޴ɶ㣬׷ǲʩչˡ
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һߴҶֻм䣬ٴγһֻ֣صۣӨֱֻҶĴӭȥ
ҵ˺ģ
һİ𣬶һ죬ӨĴֱӽֻĴûѿѪʡ
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ǺŭɭɭĵģҲŲ˶ˣҿܱӻʲôʱ򣿡
Ϊֹ
İϣֻǣҶȴһ˿ƣ
лǰȣ
Ҷ˵֪ԼԷ϶ܹ
ֻǣ𾪵ǣǾȻǴϢҷǳϤ;ڰϡ
˵
ΪһĴۻδ֣һƴϢ
ˣһܹ֤𣿣
Ҫ֪ڴ۷Ӱ£ǲ֤ģ߱ؿ֤ȴȻĻ
ѪҵѪȻӦþ㡣İ˵
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ң
Եøįûʱϸ˵ˣܿҪأĺڰҽҪˡ
ʲôʱ򣿡
Ҷ𾪣ʱ˵Ǹѡ
꣬ʮ꣬Ǳؽԣûʱˡ
ûҶʣ˵ԣҪϢȥҪȵˣʵɣǣסλŻʡĹŻ൱Ĵۡʵֲ
֮꣬޷֤ɵۣЭңҺ
ʱܹĹŻʣĩգҲ͵ˣ
Żʣ
ﾹȻŻʣ
һʱ䣬ҶȫϢˣ˴ľ




2102 ۵ڴ
羹ȻŻʣôܣ
ۻҪô
ѵ˵󣿻һ˱ʣ
ҶеͬӿþòƽϢ
꣡
Ҷһ˲䣬һɱͻأϮֱüġ

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û죬ûбըûлأײϢˡ
ȻҶȴһƬĿռʱˣ׻Ϊ磬ʧ
ħһɽĵƺһ㶫
ģǲǧأѾ;ƿˣˣ
һ𣬳ԹԲ֮ǰλŻʡ
ӣ˵ûȷλŻʣһ˾Ϣ
һ£λŻͬʱ֣ԿԺɨ˭Ͽɵ
սҲҪǵ汳
ƽ˵ѽ֮⡣
뿪޷ȫ
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ѪͨҶѣⲢ似ֻһϢħ뿪߲ˡ
ܿ죬Ҷһ𣬵õ˾۴Ϣ
סһģ
Ҷ֣سŵתȥħĳڸȥ
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磬ϣҶԶȥıӰĿгϣ
ܿ죬Ҷϵħ߻ģһ·ϣ˳ʮǳأħС
ûиħ˿֮ȫóճޡ
ŷֵģ൱̫𾫣֮һа֮Ŀǡ
ڼǾ͸ֲˣһƣҲ졣
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ΪȷһʧͨƵĵǿߣͼɱķϲˣǷֱסĵŻǾвӦֻҪħҳ֣޻ء
Ҳ֪Сôˣ
Уϲ̾һЩڡ
ãԼӦסҶóȻ¡ںˣҶħ磬֪Ҳɳǿ߽ħ̽Ϣ
Ͼÿ˶ģûڻʢѪôҲûãһħ磬ȻᱻʱܻܲŻ˵˵ʲô̽Ϣˡ
İɣҶ࣬µġɮܰο
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˿һδ͹ſ֮Ԥʵֲ̫ˣţԸУûͳǺϣ֤ҲѵΡ
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أҲиˣǿޣɢЩֱ뿪ˡ
嫵ǿգЩǿǵ԰ǿһһжԵʱΪȱʵ½
ЩԲˣʥǿ֮⣬۷ʿ涼Щѡ
ڸ嶼׼˴ʯͱҩҩԼģԲĵ
ΪһӣҲǰˡ
ΪʦһĴˣǲսǿѰĵرԲΪɱṩԴԴͬʱҲΪĺڱϡ
ΪһľӢҫҲˡ
ȻѰǴ϶ģϾҵϵֺͲ鶼ߡ
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ЩĲŬˣʱȡ峤λãΪһеĵһˣѰѾ
˿̣һʥǿվһ𣬲ŭѾһ۵
˵Ҷʥܳɹ𣿡
˵ҶʥʵǴҹϵģλ׼۶磬ܳɹɣ
ǳɹĻܹ˰ɣڻûл׶༪١
Ը۱ӣҶʥܹƽ
壬ħ׼Ҫɹˣûпܡ

۷׷ףܶ˶ҶӵаϣҶܹٴ漣ƽ
֮ǰһսҶĸߡ
μ䣬Ѿ䣬ĹǣֻҪû£ؿս޲ʤҡ
һЩһǿߣҲֻܸпɽв˳һ˻ˣѾˣԺ磬˵̨
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ȻҲЩ˲м䳰ȷ˵һЩ
УĹżҺͽʥǵĵۼΪΪҶɡ
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Ҷı
żһ̫ϳĮ˵
ܿ챻˵ˣʿ׷֣˵ǲ˴֣ӢۣĿ
һʱ䣬żҺ͵ۼΪʸ֮ģĹѪͷǱ
ǿŰɣҶĿ϶ħ硣
ۼҵ̫ϳҲˣݺݵ˵
ûܻŻǿͷϴ
ż̫ϳҲһƶĿºڡ
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Ļ䣬һӰħĳڳ˳һͷɱ֮С




2103 Ӧ̫
ҶҲ벻ԼȻôùճħ磬һͷɱ֮С
⻹ͨɱ󣬶ǴۼɱȻǲȱģͨƵĵǿ߹ͬã㲻ǣҲࡣ
䣡
̫𣬷һʿԵסֱӻᱻ̫ճޡ
ҶľѾɣټϱӵгͼ𣬻ԪطѾ˼£κλ涼˵
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Ҳܰ
̫𾫣Ҳæңٻˡ
һ˵ʵǿ̫𾫵Ӱ죬Ҳ÷ֳ൱һ־ȥֵôգ
̫𾫵δڿټȻٿ̫Ļ𾫱Ͼ̫ңԶۿۡ
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ɱ룬ǿ߼ð亹˵ֱӼɱƣҶɱ
ҡ
Ҷƿڴʲô°͵ĻᶼֱӾɱ
ۼɱͬСɣҶȻԴۼɱ˽⣬ÿһ۶Ƕһ޶ģǵҲǧ𣬲Ҫ뿪ɱ󣬸ǲõɱͲһ·
ҶհָԼ·ߣжܣˣֱӱɱС
飡
ҶһҽУɳȥڣ㱻ɷɻҡ
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ҶޣԹ죬ֱӻӶɱɢ֣һƽǿմɢˣûдȥ㱻һûˣȻ̫

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ǰ仰ҲˣΪ壬ܲԶŰɣ
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ʲôܲģ֮ǰħĴսУǹżҳ˶վǵ壬װʲôⰡ
˸Ͳˣ׷׹룬Ĺż̫ϳµһ㣬һʱƿԡ
ۼҵ̫ϳϰҿ֮ǰû˵ʲôĻڵĹżҾǵİ
ԲҴˣ
ż̫ϳӺߺһ㣬˵֣޲һԼ
ⱨӦҲ̫ˣ




2104 Ȼ
û뵽ľȻۣ
ɮܸпҲҶκһ˶뿪ħ磬˵ˡ
Ȼħ޸֣Ϊβô˻ὫһأһͨƵĵǿ߲ʵ
Ȼħ˿ɿ⣬Ӧֱǣ󻼲ǡ
ΪҲ𣿡
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鹫ɫɷף֪ԼˣҴúס
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ſ֮¶οЦݣûۣҶȷˣһǣĪ
ͬʱֻغȶ˿ֲĲ
պһϢ䡣
ۻţϳ֮ڣһ֮ǣŻʣϾˡ
ȻȴҲֲ˶ˣδʮ֮ڣȻ㳲硣
Ϣһ쫷磬Ѹٴÿһ䣬˾޴𶯣鶼ˡ
Ϊ֪ΣǱƽ


2105 ϻûؼ
ħڣʼˣֻٲ˼أֹħҡ
Ͼʱ䲻ˣ˲ܽʱ˷
Ｔʱȣ˶ǿҵΣС
ֻҪɱڣٲ˿ɱԽħĳڳ׶޷
λʹ˱ϣǻܲɱУ
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ҶʧӰһп˭֪ۻţ˭֪羹ȻŻʣ
ҲöˣλѣԵټ
ʿ׷׹֣սսѸǡ
ʱħڴֻмʥǿش˴
䣡
ѿҶһŻĹϡ
һŵأһεĺڰг׻ȥԼܿĺۼ
ɳزһЩĽ˵ı
ৣ
Ҷһǹϻôų˲ǰɪ
˿̣ϻѻһɫȹҡҷ԰׵ϸֳƬΡ
ֱڣ·һ㡣
Ҹ̫ͻȻˣš
ϻãĻΪʲôһҲأ
Ҷץץͷ´һϻõһҲûǸи
ңɻǣͨ˻̥ʮ±Ҫˣħ岻ͬҲӦôöûж
ţ
ϻɬĵͷĻˣҲ֪Ϊʲôӡ
ҸѰ
Ҷǣϻõ裬ָϣϸӦһ
ҽеƹ屦Ҷ̳аʵҽ˵ж衣
ɲǼ䣬Ҷһ΢Ĳϻõһ£ϸӦ״ȥ
ûȷǻеļ
ҶԲģЩûʧĽϻõСϣϸȻȴʲôҲû
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Ӧˣ
ҶһŻ磬ȴӦһ΢ϢϻͬԴȴвͬ

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кˣҪˣ
ҶѣϻõԴ׼Բ԰׵촽صȥ
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ߣһؼң
Ҷɷ˵ϻñ׼գ硣
ڣѾҪͼ̨ˣֻҪ󣬱ܺܿɻȥ
£
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ħ壬ȥĿ𣿻᲻Ҫɱң߸鷳ϻõǵʵ
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ҶԵ˵ҶŮˣ˭Ҷ㣬ʮ壡
Ҷ˵İɣڣû˸Ҷ㣬һؼҰɣ
š
ϻ棬г˸жԼûпˣҶΪħͲҪ
лл㣡
ϻ÷ǳɣǿջЦҶ˵һǴǸռаɣˣʱҡ
Ҷϻһָס죬ʲôҲҪ˵ˣȵ֮ȻһļˣӦң𣿡
⡭ðɣ
Ҷǳж֪ϻΪ룬ϣ鷳
ƽϻãҶˮ
ˣΪݣҴһڻǹúò򣬵ȵ磬Ҳܹȫ͸ˡ
˵ţҶһָһâûϻõüģﴴαѪʶ
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һ鿴ϻñˣαװѪħڱϿһ޶
½ĻûܲżɱУҲܹðаǿɻأֱΪħ׼
պҶϿգϻͨ˵αѪѾȫ
ҶϲֱӽӻǹĿռзų˲гĴϡ

ϻþϲϵز׽ժҰֵʹ
壬ѵ㲻𣿡Ҷѵ
ҡˣϻͷƤ
ʢɽڡ
ش֮ԪŨȸˣݱأҩ±Ȫʱɼ
˽һųǣϻøǿۣĹųַǷֽڶ
˰֣ϻбʮʳСԣǺ«п⴮һЩҶвСԡ
ã
ųţϻͻȻᣬп˵
ҪϲǿסǶؼȥҶ˵
ţ
ԶһƦģɵ߹аĹâС椳û治۾ˮģ湴
ҶҡͷʧЦѷ֣һʿǣһͨˣش֮ԪɱŨǣòһ
磬۸ңô죿ϻýĿҶһۣС˵
˵أʧǹҶ΢Ц˵
˿̣ãԸɱеǿ߼ҲĶ֣һССͨ˵Ʀˡ
к֮£ͱɱˣɣϻ÷ЦЦû֦Ҳ
СƦӿ۾ֱˣˮ
ҶһжΪħ壬ܹ裬ȴɱģ̫ѵˡ

ҶһӣһɾֱСƦӳȥֱӽñ˹غ«գۼȥɣײһ̯λϣ˼ҵĹײˣһ̵ֱӿϣ̵ɱҽС
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úҶųе̨׼λϻúնȥ
ԭʥΧ׮ʱ̾Χһж
ⶼĹͣԭʥزô߹ģΪܹʥء
ѿҶϻ˲ǣ֣߳գԭʥȥ
ء
ܿ죬ĺŽǴ죬ʿӭ
⡭ʥ
Ҷò֮Щ˶ʱɵˣȻʥˣⲻ·
ʥ
Щ˼ڵأҶͬʱ۽ǵϻãƣʥȥһˣֹһŮ
Ǻ֮У
ҶЦɣǲйȥæɣһ۹͵ġ
лʥ
˼ѣҶΰ֮󣬺ܿʧˡ
ڻˣ
ԭʥأҶһϤĸϵĸ׻ˡ
裡
ҶеĺȻ첽ӭȥĸ밲
ӣʲôҶ֣ο
λǸħɣϿһϻãҶʵ
ǵģ裬ϻãҶܵ
ϻã֣
ϺȻϻõ֣ȻѾҶҵĹ⣬ǾҵĶϱˣӭؼҡ
ллĸлл裡
ϻһĵģûзõԼŵϿɣһԤϣжѡ
Ƕڣȥԭʼſеؾԭʥأֻһ˶Ŵ֡
δŶϿˣȻûʲôˡ
ӣǶ֪ˣΪ㽾˵
ԭʥشϯףҶͬʱΪϻýӷϴ
ڻʲôģʿһףϻñϾħ壬
ף֮ԭʥػָƽ
ʱһϾǰ
ӦԼĺڰң
ζԿ֣




2106 Ĵ֮
Ŭ
񣬱ֻƴ
ʵȡ֮ǰͻƵ׼۾
һϣ
һʱ䣬ɷ磬һЩԭɵʿҲʼ
ܶʿѡ˱أɹʣ
ԴУĿԼʵ
ʱƴһսսҲҪشǰ֪壬裡
һɱսȳ嶼ڻս
ԭʥȻ˱ҪѲߺڣ˶ѡ˱չء

պԭʥӭһλ͡
ò棬ɷǣֲۣɽͼţķϺһľ˫۾
ƶˣ
ϵ˸ףҶ΢΢Ƿ
ˣض񣡡
Ҷѯϵ⡣
£ֻҶʥһйؾ۵ϸ顱ϵ˵
ǰ
ҶϸӦһɲϢصʵ
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΢ЦָָɽеһϷ
ԭеǰһݣҶȻ𾴣һס
壬ħУ޷˵ĳǿߣ֣ħ塣
ħĴսУҲʿ䣬˼Ĵۡ
Ҷʥ̫ˣˣ
ҶҡͷһѵǸģ֮ǰ񣬲£ʲôĵطܹԭ嶡
Ҷ˾٣˷ǳ⣬Ҳܸж
дȣҶƷҲǳΣȴǵǸؽȣܲ£
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ǺǣСͦʬô꣬Ͳסįˡϵ΢Ц˵
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֮˭˿ֲĲ׼߰ǿߡ
Ȼܿ˵һ׳ԭʥΧ߸ûֹܹ
У
ҶԸȥԺ޷ģֱʾҪͽ
ҶʥȻʴ֮ػǲԭʥصƿֲ̾
ǰˣҶǫѷ˵Լˣʩˣ¡
һʩˣ֮̾ĳɾͲ
˵ʿڣС棬Ҷʥӭ𣿡
䣬һ׳ԭʥϿգɰţһս
ţӣҾ֪
һͷ˫ǣ۵ߴ˫ۿؼ侫â䡣
ǰ
Ҷҵæ񣬵ȴһȻסˣ޷ʩ
ֻ֮˵Ƚڣûһʵôˣ
ҵҲ֪ˣҾͲϻˣϸ˵˵ɣ֮Լ࣬ϧ𣬰仰Ҳ϶˵
ٵȵȰɣС涼ˣֻغǾʬҲסˣһɣ֮˵
Ҳã
һ۵֮֮Уû˼
ʱֲϢңԶʴͬʱԭʥظ
ԭʥصʿƣô˶Լȫڽ
Ҳֲ֪εĻǸûʸ֪ʸҲûС
õҶ֪ᣬԭʥΧǸɴһֻ۱һֻۣװ֪
ֻ֮ݷҶʥͷͨһ
һʯдòԭʥصĵǵһ
ǧʬϽɣ͵ˣһҲֱӳƺֻ֮Ϊǧʬ
ȻͬһʱǿߣҲǽڴۣҲܻضӣԳһƬء
ˣ
һ󲨶һʯ׳ԭʥأ۵һڵϣضˡ
˯ô꣬û˯ˣȤ
ûôõ
ʯдһλɽ֮𣿡
𣿡
֮ٺЦۻţ֪ΪԼĺȻ߻ģһĹҲ
·ܾöû˵ˣ֮Ħһ̶
ִ̫ˣ
һϵԭʼſ֮ҲˣССԭʥأһӻλ֮漣
Ͽ󹤣Ҳǧûм˰ɣſ֮˵
ǰջԻͣһΣһ֪ʲôʱټſ֮ҲΪп
Ҳˣ̸̸ɣֻ֮ǵĻҶ˵
ʼգû¶棬һֱڱʯ֮Уͨҽ
Ҷͷ֮٩٩̸ħ֮ϸ˵һ顣
Ǿ۳֮󣬸˵꾡ޱȣÿһֶû©Ҳûκο
ǴҪȵˣ
λ֮˳˼۵Ļ࣬ÿһ仰⣬Ҫúĥ
Ӿ۵ĻУƲһ·ҲҵһܷڶǸδ֪
ȻۿҶΪܶһκƽٵĹؼ
ʵϣҲֻǲôƶѡ
ڣ۶˵ˣҶܷ֤һĹؼغ
ȻǾͲٲ˽ˡ
ſ֮ȿڣλҵؾѾˣѾʮҲù׳˰ɣ
ͷ֮Խʥеؾ忪ţȡ˲ӦԼžĺڰҡ
ţӶϿؾˣȻҲΪ࣬Ϊ飬ؾˣ
ֻ֮˵ֻغؾһܽģ룬ǲߣпܾʹʧԣֻ־Ĳܽ롣
˵һתŵȻˣҶСԸһԣʱӭ
Ĵؾͬʱţؿڶʱͳһ֡
ȻˣҶʱӭ
ؾУɿʵֱ͵ܹ֮ĸ֪
лλǰҪԻǰϣѡؾѡʱΪʴ֮Ҷλ֮л
ΪΣ˲⡣
Ҷƽ˵ܼ򵥣ߣػ²аģֻһ˽ڴսʱ򣬺пͬ飬һνǶˣӰս֡
ⷬ˵λ֮࣬ǵֻ˱ȫԼҲỮضӣԳɽˡ
˵Ҷ仰еǣǵܵǴ
ǰͬ塢塢ʲô
ƴԼȴ޶ԣҶԲλࡣ
գλ֮뿪ˣȥ׼ѡʺԺã־ʿؾбչ
Ҷûȥκһصؾǽԭʥؽĸ״ԭʥع
ңʱڣʱпܴ֣廹壬һ¶⣬ԭʥص鷳ġ
һ֮Ҷյһʼ˱չؿޡ


2107 ſؾ
ռ䣬Ҷչصɽϼεϼǧɾһ㡣
ԼʥչصԭʥһƬ衣
ʥԭʥؽɳΪһʥأ徴
֮УҶ˳˼
һϾ⡣
ħһս˺תѾﵽ߾۷ļޣֻ벽׼۾
ȻôŬʼ޷ǹؼİ벽׼۾֮⡣
ۼô
ҶĬĬӣѾﵽ߾ļ۷壬ȴʼ޷
Ǹԭڣƿ
Ҷ˼ãվãпԼõԼģԼĽŲ
ñ֪˿̵뷨Ѫɡ
콾߾۷һӶûдۼݣ˵
ҶŶ󣿲꣬׼żһֱͣӳ׼۾ĳɹˣҪ콾
Ե
²ǿ
պҶ߳ſ飬ȥĳ
ÿһ磬һ飬Σ˿

һתۣҴһȥˡ
һҶ߾һ飬ľ˺ܴĸı䡣
ޣдĶ࣬ҲɹһЩ̡
ȻȴԾ޷ͻƵ׼۾ƺһĽŲ
ıչѾûʲôˣҶп׼ء
Ȼûãչȥ˷ʱ䣬ȥߡ
·κ˶ͬҪԼ߳ûܰ
һ죬ҶȻˣûоκˡ
ɽˮ֮䣬Ҷľ
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ҲУҵȥؾгһˣܳɹŬ
Ҷȥԭʼſһһܷؾͻƣһ°ǣ˳һ¹ſ֮ԼΪβͻƵ׼۾
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Ҷ˵ɲǼ¶ѡ
ˣ
Ҷֱ˺գһɵ򣬶ԭʼſȥ
ĳǣģС¾ɣ
ԴϴҶչ֣гƷʯλ֮ʹרʥϾ֮Ź񻰡
ʯĶͽΪÿγ֮ǰػһԼһսгϡ
ЩҲȷг˲õĶҶųǵˡ
ĳǽԭʼſıؾ֮Ҷһվͣ
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ʯһĻĻ·ͷ죬ȴѾ˷ǡ
ףǸ˺찡
˿ҶԶȥıӰ˵
ģƺʲôط
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֪Ϣ֮󡣸ʯ˲ˣһٴС
ҶȻôֻ֣Ҫһ֣ʯ쾪ɵǲ̡
λԼҵĶʯתһȦĻȻٶĿ̫ͣˣǳܲ𰡣
ڣҶѰѾɣкöӲķۡ
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С
û˵ʱԭʼſ̬֮Ҳ΢ı仯ٽҶʥԳԾӡ
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֤ģиοķ򡣡Ҷƶʵ
ң
ſ֮˳˼ò˵ʵ׼۾ҪġǴ׼Ҫߵ·㲻ͬ㱾ӵ˵·ʺ㡣
˶٣ſ֮Ҷ˼ӣ̾˿ԣûָ㣬·ҪԼȥأֻԼˣ˳ͻƣǰ˵·ǲǵģǽķչ֤۵ʱ򣬻Ϊ㹦һҲɣ
ڹſ֮ûܵõκָ㣬ҶɥΪţԼ·һ߳
ֻʱȣѾûʱȥ򣬳ˣԲŻЩɡ
գҶؾûãҲҪһ¡
ſ֮ûֱֹӸ֪ؾ֮
ָ㣬Ҷ˳Ľؾ
һƬ磬ʱİٷ֮һһ죬Ҳֻǹȥһѡ
⣬ԪŨ˷ָȫҺ壬˸ҫ۵Ĺ⻪
ԡУоë׶ſˣ·ȪһڵķŨԪϽѭͽ
Ƭռ䲢󣬵ȴȻÿһɽͷھԪϴ跥ë׳
ҶƬռתһ£ֳս֮⣬ҲһЩʥغ̫ҵˡ
սҹѾﵽ̥ڣܿɴﵽ۷ˣΪٶȿˡ
Ҳ죬ǱڵѹƵ̫ˣȻĿռУŹء
ֿʦаʺС̳ˣ಻Զɽͷϣׯϡ
Ҷȵķ֣ѾˣҲ̥۷壬ֻһţ
ٶȣƿֲ֮ǰ붼롣
ܰ˾ͽˮǾȻѾﵽڣҶӲҽϡ
ʾǿֲͨʿˣ̫ԡ
֮Ҷһ龰
ڲݴ˯㣬Ҳ֪εʲôĥء
һ
Ҷˣһ͵Ĳ·ơ
˶ɵãﵱɶȼˣһҲż
ˣҲﵽ߾ڣٶһҲ
ҶǣȻСǡ
һٹ˽Сˣɱĺɱ쳣Ǳ
СɢĿֲѿǲ˵ѵСǵʵڷţȻҲﵽڣսǻҪһߡ
һжǰǵĹ͡
Ϊ˲СҶûһԶ˵ĵطʼչء
ûãҪ볢һ¡
ܸģ


2108 ֳ
һºҶȻء
ûãûã
αչأջķᣬʵˡ
Ȼ׼ǵ蹵赲⣬޷ͻơ
Ҳʺϣ
Ҷ̾һ뿪ԭʼſ׼ǰ
λʮɽ֮䣬ݺᣬе֮ơ
Ψرɽѣ֮
⴦֮أвֹһʥ֮أȵڡ
κգҶĴϡ
һѯȵľλ֮ҶٴκɣȵıԵ
ֵơ
ڿΧĵò֮Ҷ̲סһ
ʥΣһХڷɡ
ֵƣبźУѰж˵ֵƣ֮컯Ǭ
ǽֵطпܻʬ⣬𻯵ɡ
Ҷȷǰÿ߼һѵѨ
ʣȻвᣬνǷˮء
ȻķˮأҲٲ˵ĹĹˣɽ֮䣬֮洦ɼصĵ
ܹѡģǷǸʿͨȻһ֮Խûʸᡣ
ǿʿȻҲвƷдʥЩɶǱĹܲۺ죿
ֻǣܶǿߵĹѨǿĽƣһĵĹڿģ֪д䱦Ҳֻ̾
ﶯֵģԷˮĹ֮ѧżʿ
֮ǰҶҲйĴ㣬ڵĹмңҲ⺺
ѰİסѲ
ɵرϾǴµ飬Ҷûж֡
Щ׾ӵĵҶ̲סҡͷʧЦ
ûǸ˼ˣ浽˱˵ĶʱҲˡ
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УȻûһ귲ݣûһַޣŨҵ
Ѫ١ݡ鲼ɽ֮С
һιϸŽɫƬͷ˫ǣȻתļ
ˣ
һ׺بǰʥģɢŨϢ
ǰˣ
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ȥɣؾѾмУҪ
֮൱ɴֱ࣬ӽؾķҶ˳֮С
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뵽֮ǰſ֮˵һǷˡ
˭ûãһֻܿԼ
ȵؾ͹ſ֮еؾͬԪŨ뵳ˮŨϴ跥ëʿʡ
ϧҶͿ׼ˣûκá
ƬؾУҲвʿĬĬޣдʿҲһЩʿ
ʿܹһϯ֮أȻž˵ʺԣ֮Ը񣬲ǰ
ЩУҶˣٸоȡ
ʶ˲࣬»ʳĹŻºС°ʶġ
⻹м죬ȴвӦŻʳĻӼǿߡ
ҶûдǣܹһӢеľӢôű˵
ؾУҶһѨչؿޡ
磬һĿ޸ûжãԿԡ
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ҶǲֻǶҲǽԵģҪģǷȡÿһ綼һ覴á
ִźͼ֣Ѩ֮Уһ±չ˰֮á
صʱɢεâ
Ȼεıչأʧˣʥ֮أԾɲͻĹؿ
ѵҪ׼ż֮𣿡
ڣһ־㣬ͬɽһ˿ɻ
ô˵εôеģҶܹԵĸоʵ
ֻҪʵǾζûн߾£гɳĿռ䡣
Ǻ£۽Σⶼһ¡
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·ҪԼȥߣκ˵ľ飬ֻӰжϣԣҪͼȥ˽˵ֻ֤ܺԼ
֮ƽ˵׼һָоʱ֪
лǰָ㣡
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ϲɮܣһ׼żϱ£
ոմﵽ߾۷壬Щ׼ȣѾ˺ܶˡ
Ҫ֪㣬ִ̫ţҪñ֮ͨ
ҵ·ҵĵ
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ִɣ
Ҳ֪һһڣ֮
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һΣص
һȥʥؾɽ
еؾûͻ뵽ߣ˳㻯һº֮ìܡ
Ͼԭʥؾʥ̫ˣһֱ岻Ҳġ
⣬뿴һԼǸСţ
Դӵô籾ԴϿ֮СӾѶȫޣǱǿʥбչˡ
ţ˵ϣ£ܹڽ֤ۣ壬¡
򣬵عϡ֮ء
һɴ֮ǰǲġ
Ȼ󣬶ڵҶ˵ͬԷˮһ򵥡
ˣ
ѿҶ߳ԭʥϿգĬĬһ顣
˿̣ԭʥ֮ʢ˶ǿҵΣУΪӦԼĺƽ٣ÿ˶ƴ
ĸԭʥأʥشľһɷپ
ĸףˣ
ҶĬĬĸױչصķһоӨỨ˸
оԼǷĸ̫ˣҲûܹĸ
һ˺òžˣȴħвòĸʱֿ
Ǹ֮
ҶпûħĻֻܷ֤Ҫܹ͸ĸž۾͹ˡ
һ͸ף֣֮
ҶĬĬģתͷҲصɽȥ


2109 ʥ
ɽҶΪп
磬ɽһСɽУҲǹʵˡ
ɽı߾ϣսɣֻǺ֮ǰ˺ܴĲͬ
սӣ洦ɼһЩʿʿס
Ҷսǣӿ޸п
ԵһսʱŶɢˡ
ڰұħ֣鶼һ¶⣬յĶԹԹѿˡ
սǵĽֵϣһʷĲɣӭ
һŵĹųǣҶУսǵıʡ
ǱһʱĹųǣһλŴǿǺõռ׼۱
λԾӣ׼۱»Ϊǳأ塣
ʱĹųǰ
ҶпǧӦһ׼۵ĵϡ
Ȼλǿգսȴġĵϡ
սתһȦҶ뿪ˣɽɽطȥ
Ҷˣ˵˲ʶҲ˿Ϊ
һĵ̣̱㱻Ѳߵǿ߷ˡ
ǰ϶ٴУᾪ׼ۼǿߡ
ڲͬˣħ֣ڰҵıֶ˱仯Ѿǰ۹⿴ˡ
Ҷʥʲô𣿡
һͬǾʥǿӭһʵ
ʱףڵҶѲ֮ǰǸСʿȻҵ
ţ
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ǰλʥ֪Լ⣬ʴ̽¡
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֪ҶãԳӭýĽ֮С
ۿҶ̸Ц˵Цһ꽻ӣ²ɵþˡ
Ҷģʲôʱʶģ
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Ȼһ߾۷ǿߣһͻƣ׼УʵĲɾʹˡ
Ȼ۷壬ʥҲԨ֮£ͻƾԵΪҪˡ
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£ÿһʿκ񣬾ܵԼʵӦԼΣ
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һƬˮĻһ͵Ĺ֮ҶһƬؾ֮С
ĵ۸ܼԪ뵳ˮںܶݵĵط۳ˮݣɢ͵Ĺâ
ЩѾ̣Ʒʼߵʯ籦ʯһ㣬貶Ŀ׷һſǳڿС
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һ죬ͶһƬӰϣʯϣСϪӱڡ
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Լ䣬ݺ裬ԳԾɺ裬һ͵ľ
ּ䣬ʯˮͰֵѣ
Զһͷչɹצ˫ƽһ㣬â財
ǽһǿߣ꣬ﵽ߾۷壬Ǳ
ؾж֣Щǣеδѣ׺ݲб
˵ﲢһƬͣǳսɱ¾
岻ͬǳΪֻսв̶ȵļ˵Ǳ
ԣڿ⴦ؾʱ򣬱ʶĽﻯɱΨоսĲп̭ģǿߡ
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ƬؾתһȦҶ֣ؾҲͷԲСʮɽͷÿһɽͷÿһŶʿڱչؿޡ
ƬؾΧһƬ磬Գһ磬֮ȴжڴ֮⡣
һԪŨɽۣҶıСţ
˿̣ţׯϣ·ɮ붨һ㣬ããĽա
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ҶɵðޣţȻѣʺ治Ǹǵģڵõ籾ԴϿ֮ʵ˳ĽȻƽ߾۷塣
Ǵ˿ٺսһսĻţţսʤ֮Ѿ˺׼ۿʵˡ
ֵܣúŬɣڴź㲢ɱУ
ҶûţĬĬףϣţܹ֤׼ۡ
ҲŬˣ
Ҷ̾˿ؾԵĻ纣ȥ
ǡȸƦ٣ϸ߹Ѫͬ޵УǳԽˣԼкĿǵˣ
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ʵͿͻƣ֤׼ˣȴһŵϣʼ޷׼۾
ʱۣתۼ䣬¹ȥˣҶ編򵽼£ֻһ䡣
Ҷһɱ䣬ޱȼʵơ
˿һ
һһ䣬ת죬Ҷÿ춼׹Ǽǻڻи

ĺҶڣֻǼܣӲԣֲһʥĸо
ʱǼϿٳ⣬ɲǼָ۷壬ɢſֲĲ
·˵ļѣܹߵһΪװ
ֶͨΣҶһУɵøпǧ
κʵƽ׵ģҶǿΪȱ˸ĸ࣬ʹ
ûݲпľͲܳΪ׼۶ǿߡ
Ҷ˱չأɫƽϲޱ߼䲽ļᶨд֮
ȻϢѿûһɱ׼ˮ£޷Խ
һΣˣΪҶ׼̫ˣ޷ƣҪһȵ컹ѡ
ЩǰչˣҶмʱҶл
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ţ
ҶͷﲻͻˣҪ취
Ҳã
˼˵ۣԼ߳·ǰ˵ľ飬ֻܽӦΪɳļȥɣϼ߳Լ·ɣ




2110 ֻ
ʥسҶһ㯣֪úȥδӡ
Ѿ߹ɽǲȥģҲɽؾ
ڣֻʣֻغһˣֻغõĻҪһ£ǲΪˡ
ҶƬĴϡ
򣬳飬ֽҲĴȻͬ߸ߵķǳһ貣ҫΧ
ȻҲħڵĵħƣէһħ࣬ڱȴͬ
׺ɣ±ǨħʼͷڷͥȻ֮Ͳֻ֪ɱ¾ţҲܴôöûбˡ
Ҷĳ֣𾪣ħڵ׼ȳ֣ҶħСס˵ħҲˣ˿ħʥ֮С
Ҷ΢ԥһ£ˬĴӦˡ
ħʥأҶ˴ħ˿Ѿ߾۷壬Ҷͬ鷳·ѡ
˴Ⱦƣڳ⣬໥̽˺ܾãоһ֤׼ۡ
׼۾һˮ룬콾⣬Ҳû߳һ
ڼ䣬ħڵļλ׼Ҳ㣬˵һЩ֤ʱ̣˲ο
;ͬ飬λ׼۵ĵᣬ˵Ǳľ顣
̻գҶǣħҲ׼չˣԼαأһء
ħڳûҶӦ㱻޺סȥ·
⼸޺ƣʢѪԺγ˾ŵ񻷣ƾɵɮۣһɮģ
Ҷʥ룬ɽһ𣡡
λ޺һ빪Ҷ롣
ҶȻû뵽ڵϢҲͨģȺԼ˰ɣ
뵽ӣҶҲþܾңҲ뿴ӵʦǲ档
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ڴ۱Ҷӣ˿̣һȱ࣬ͺԹģеõɮӡ
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Ҷ֣治Ҳǰ֪һңȴȥħСӣ÷
һҶ˵ͣ
գӵ£ҶʦݵһϺУͷྶͥ
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Ȼˣֻ֤׼ʱһЩĵᡣ
ڼ䣬飬ҶɽסԽ֮һҶܾˡ
֮һ˫нú˿ɱУòҲܸԼ
ңŷɽֻ֮ŷ˲ܶãҶ˶Լķչ
գ£Ҷסա
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ӻһһ˿ӵĹâͷʦˣ
ֻغĽأΧʮ̣ʿֹûС
ڻӲĴϣҶĳ
ЩɽУȻȴҲ֪Լ˼
ǷŵɵȻԶ̣ţ֮ǰĽ飬ͷˡ
ڴеǰһ˽˶Թֻʱһߣһ¶⡣
ɽһһģҶ۵һ˿Ĺâ
úֻغԵԶԶر㿴һبڴϣ羵һ㣬
ˢ
ҶԥԾУһ㣬ûмˮ
ˮµҲһƬţûϺҲûˮݣˮ峺һ
Ǳ˰ǧףҶͻȻһᣬһƬĿռ䣬ûˮǱģΧһ˿ҲûС
ǰԶһ߸ߵʯ̨ʯ̨Ϻبһھ޴ʯף·ѹ졣
ˣ
ʯдֻ֮
ҶݼǰҶʩ˵Լ⡣
ֻһУ˭ѴҴҡ𣿡
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ˣҶͷᶨش
Ҫ֪ţֻأܻܿãУٺúÿһ£ǻִҪֻأ͵ı±ɣԼѡɣ
˵գֻ֮ٴţ΢Ĳʧˣ·һʬ塣
ÿˣԸⳢԣ
Ҷԥֱȥ
¶ԣڱϣҶܿ˯Уʶֻء
еĵһʵûκΪȫһͨũճϢʮʱޣһ¹ѣȴв˷ѶУʹʧ
ȻУҶûб䣬ǸĵҶ
ݵһˣҶܿٶֻأ˵ڶһһͨĹˣײ㣬ʮʱ⣬ʧˤ
ţֿ˵һһ񣬱ӣÿ棬ƶӡ
һʮ꣬ͷףһγĹУ
һУִ߽һҽ
Ȼҽ߲ҽյòǰѪҲԡ
ֳ˸ˣʳ檣׬ĲƸգǮڰʮʱޡ
һʿɱУյ˵˵֮¡

ڰ
ţҶ˰ؤҲʵۣһٵʢ
ȻԾⲻһǶʹȻ޷ı䡣
һδεϲһҶʵɱ䡣
һĲƸûоۡʧܵǲġ
һˣпֻܻ֮УԶ
ȻҶվǳ֮ˣһδξеֻֻصıʡ
Դˣ㲻ٱֻأǿԲٿԼ˹켣
һԻͣ½֪
ʱԾɾ塣
ͬ죬ΪٵʱҶ΢Ц˵θˣֻأҲδʧ
䣬Ȼţʶع飬ӱصʵ
˿̣Ҷһߣ˸Ĺâ
ֻأ鲻ͬͬҶǳ
Ȼ׼۱ɽһ㣬Դƣ
ѵҪֹڴôҶʡ


2111 Ҫȵ
ĴؾԾ޷ͻƣҶЩĻ䡣
ѵ˵ı䣬޷ͻ
һ죬أֻԼҲЩɻˡ
ĴԼĶ֮ÿһֵԾţȻȴʺ
ۿԽԽˣȴû˿ܲнǡ
жǿ֤׼۵ĻҪԿǲܵġ
ûаôֻ֮ʯзҶѯʡ
ǵģ
Ҷ̾˿ҵĵΪݣ֤׼۰
ļԲȶ㼱Ҳûãȥʱ䵽ˣȻһ򡣡ֻ֮ƽ˵
˭˵ףѰ
Ҷǣʱ䲻ˣѾûжʱȥȴˮˡ
˵Ԫڵľ磬ȻûҲ߰ǧ꣬ȫȵ
ȻڼǲҶ̫ʱġ
۶ľ֧Ȼǿ𲻴ĹŻʣҲû˿ƿԡ
ڣоǣƣ绹ʵһսôҲû˿ˡ
ֻ֮ĬȻҲ֪Ҷ˵ʵʱ䡭Ĳˣ
ллǰֻأһ࣬룬Ҹóȥˡ
Ҷֻ֮л׼ǣ뵽ɷȥǧɱۡ
飬޳ǲģԼɣ
ֻ֮Ȼģһ߹ʬȴûи飬Ҷ⼸仰ıʡ
ͨ˶ԣֻһϻﵽҶֲΣȴ˵ϡ
лǰָ㣬м
Ҷʯףһף˺תȥ
򣬺ɵмźֹͨ˾ʮҲɡ
ȻҶ˵Ѿ¡
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ϵ·ߣҶ򣬾ֱԺȥ
ԺڶϲȺɽ֮䣬֮أڡ
ٴνԺҶΪп˵ڷ֮·ѧԺпʼġ
ȥˣԺеҲһ磬ֻмʦûлԾѧԺæµš
ҶĻع飬˲Ժ˺䶯ݷݷѧһӿ뽥ԼݵӢۡ
Ҷ¼дˣԺȻ׹
ҶǴԺ߳ȥģȻû֤ȴѾܹɼλˡ
һ֮Щħ壬ħ磬սبм
ҶǰܲΪǽһ֮˴󵨵ʵ
ҶЦãȻǰǰһƬδѵףʶԼĳǰˡ
ҵ·δʺǣ˵ˣҲҵѧԺǰǽǰɡ
Ҷѣһ˾ģ²˭˭ܺѧѧǡ
Ҷѧϲ㣡
ҶѧҪΪӣ
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ڣҶԺĵλԺϲԺϺ궼֡
֪Ҷȥ֮ؾ֮ӥɶ˵ֱӿţҶ֮ؾС
˵Ҫ֮ؾҪõϲĵͷУҶʲôݣȻϹأҲȰ°˵
ңţϲ֪ˣҲġ
ڣҶԺı־
߳ҶԺЩԱ˺ܶ࣬ܶ˶ΪҶڶ
Ժ˵ǴõϢԣԺĸ߲㣬ҶԺļ˵ȥӡ
֮ؾɣвԶĵ
ǰ֮Ҷθıòٴ䶯Ͼǧɱģע⡣
ųǣҶֱɷطȥ
ɷأǸۣ˭뵽£ȻһλĴۣ
ɷǰҶתʥɷزܿ㱻ɷ֮С
ɷпգԳһ磬ɱǧɱ۵ĵع
ЩҶϤңõǧɱ۵ĴУѾų
Ҷ˳ɱ꣬ɱ۵Ĺ餡
ȥˣɱ۵Ĺɣ·޾׹Ƕļ̨ɢɱ⡣
Ȼõɱ۵ĴУֲɱ⣬ǸоЩ
ɱ۹餣Ҷû˿񣬵棬ϣɱ۵Ĳлܹ
ǧɱ۰壬ҪˣǸô죿
Ҷϵᣬ˵뿪ܶ࣬ĿǰƺԼ˵˳
ٺٺ١


һŹֵЦǧɱ۵ʬӹëԵø}ˡ
Ҷһʱɱʬ־ģֻ֪ɱ¾ԼֵĻҶԿס
ʬҲǴۣȻûǰֲͨƣڻδ֤׼۵Ҷ˵ҲԿġ
ɱۡ
Ҷתʥݻϣܹɱ۵ʶɣһɱ֤ǧɱۣߵϣûС
ҶǿǶ̫ǿˣ
ҵĵ
ɱʬƺ˲֣ѵĿڣĦ̶
ǵģ
Ҷѵ˵ܵѹ˿ɱʬС죬֨֨
ҵġ
ɱʬ۾˫ʶĽӡϡһһУҶݻɱ
飡
նһëȫնʶعˡ
ˣǲһֻҪʼˣ
ɱʬҶʵ
Ҷͷ֮ǰ˵Ļظһ飬ѯô졣
·ֻԼߣûܹ㣬Ҫ˰֤׼۵ĻͲҪȵǸˡ
ɱʬڣͨǵݣӦҪȵǸˣҪǸǿԽĵˡ
ȴ۸ǿ
ҶЩȦ۲սѵгԽ۵Ĵڣǲ
ѵʱ䲻࣬ҲûʲôҪġ
ǧɱ۵ʬƺƾű˵Щ϶ҶҪ߳һǰ˲ͬ·޷ӦԼΣ
ϣûܹ㣬ܹģֻԼԼһеģҪʧҲʧˡ
ǧɱ۵ЩįЩƣƺ̫ˣҪϢҪܳʱϢ
ҶĬȻˣǧɱ۶޷κν飬˭
󣬶
Ҷֻغоİֻأ⽥ᶨ
ûҪԼκ˶УʱûκҲҪκ
δΪ˵һأζҪȥ
׼۱ݣɽͣҲҪһȭ飬ȥ


2112 
ɷعҶЩʧ䣡
Ͼ˭˶ĴۣľҲƽ
Դ̤֮·˵һ·˳˳ˮȻ˺ܶೣ˳ˡ
Ȼε׼۱ݣȴԴƵĴ
ÿ˵ĵǲͬģ׼ܹ֮콾棬ԭ򡣡
뿪ԺʱϲĳĶ˵׼֮£мѭ׼֮ϣѾûʲôۼˣҪԼնһ·
һ죬Ҷڿ˼ڤжȹַˣȴûЧѵҪֹڴ
û֣ûкڰңʱֹڴҲόǡ
Ͼ˲ʮﵽ߾۷壬Ϊʥսն׼죬ҲǶһ޶ġ
ȻڰȴƵòѰͻִ
Ҷÿüչĸ׵ǿϡ
ĵ뷨ֻҪҶܹƽƽģ֤ܲ׼һҲҪ
ȻȴҲ֪ҶҪػ²ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
֮⣬ҶҲԼ˽ģǿʳ磬ûвġ
£ҪǿܸõرԼˡ
ʵԶǵһλģ
ببˣûоԵʵȻǵҲûһ졣
̫ңԶֻϦ
ֻҪҶ֮꣬ҪԼ˺ѵȫԸ
Ըδˣܾʹֹ
֪𣬵ΪΪȡģ˼㲻ηˣ﷫Զ
һ죬ҵҶĳ˵ǣΪϣ㿪Ŀ֣޾ÿ쿴üչΪС񵶸һ㣡
衭
ҶΪж˵ΪҵˣǺТ
ӣʲôҪ˵ˣ
ḧҶͷȰ˵׼ۣҪԼ֮䣬ع棬ܷӳ֮صıʣ޷֣Ҫ򣬱Ҫ𡣡
渵ԼͻʱһЩ򣬺ޱĸҶ
ȻҶδ˵ԼϱѩͿҶΪ߾
뵱ΪһҲƿ꣬ûͻƣʱΪﶼˡ
ϵǳƽƽȴľκˣҶ֪ĸ׵˱ѡ
ǣƾĸ״һأ֤׼ۡ
Ϊͻ֮ʱԺȫǻ䡭
˵ͻʱΡ
ʱ˵Լ׸ݺ⵽ʿ׷ɱƵپ˵˾һɭ䴳ͨˣڵɽ
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Ȼû뵽ǣգ˶թȻûǿΪϲ֮ȴй֮޲
գ⵽Ҷ껵ҶҴԺܾ裬ϡ
һ̣ңоòһమ֮ˣȴû뵽Էȴһ̰ĽȨƣĸĺ
ΪҪֵĻҶͲˣҲû֮ܺˣǵʱһֵףҲغϡ
ȻȴʲôҲ᲻ˣʧȻ뿪ҶңѡصɽҲٳˡ
Ƿݾͻ䣬ٴθܵʲôаĪҲͻƵ֤׼ۡ
ϵһ˵˱ɫʣƵһŮٳɳ
Щ˵ףƽ棬ֻеˣףǾһ̹ĵʹ
ҶпǧͬʱΪĸ׸еֵҡ
ֵΪ˸ףȻҲпԣܵ˵ȴǹĸס
ңΪĸʼûзȻҲнԲĽˡ
ĸףлл
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ӣҪǿԼһ˳Ȼ׼۸ӦҪ˳ȻΪ޲ΪοĿԼĶӣһĽ
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ԭʥزľ괺ȻÿһɢĹԣƵƵɽϼɫӿȪ
콵Ҫ֤׼۵ס
ԭʥأп֤׼۵ģֻҶһˣ
һʱ䣬ԭʥطˣܶӶڻΪԭʥӵˡ
һʥأ׼ۣȻЩоԶʥغϴȣҲѷɫ
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ȻȥˣҶԾû֤ļúܶʧ֮࣬ҲеЩ졣
⾿ô£
Ѿ콫ˣ˵Ҷ֤Ŷԡ
ȴһҲû֤ļɡ
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ҶϢ뿪ԭʥء
طȥĵεΣƽиС
Ҷ˳ͨɱķͨڵ
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ڹάɳĮҲ캮ضѩƮ䣬ܿ㻯ˮգɳĮı涳Ӳġ
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㻹ǵǵһμĵطĵ
Ҷ૵˵Ժл𵱳ɽռҽû龰
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Աߣв񾭹Ҷһֵװ磬ɵö࿴ۡ
ԵˣΪ񾭲ԼһȦ죬ĬĬᡣ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
һҶ˿Ҳ̲ס档
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˱ʣ˭Ҳ֪һ̽ᷢʲô
ǿ񾭲ҶϯĶӣ
ۼ⣬ָҶߵѯʡ
ɣҶϯĶӣʲôˣһˣô˸ˡͬĵ˵
ǲ֪ǣǳЦģǿе


2113 Ʊݣ
Χ˵ۣҶš
ǻؼҰɣ
Ҷ˵ţһȰʧˣʱЩ۵˾Ŀɿڴ
ǡղǲǼˣ
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ļңĵط㻹ǵ𣿡
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ɽׯУƾżǿͳ˵ԣûκ˰æ۳˾ӣҶĿ࿴
ţȥϣҶĹٳ˸췭ظҲð׼˸ͷ
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ҶǺܿҵսׯ԰ľַѾؽɽŵ޽ģҲʿС
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սǹУҶһֱƿռ䣬ڵ֮Ŀռ䡣
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̫գҶ˼Ƭ̣ȥǶɽ٣֤׼ۡ
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ǰڿƼĲǶԱǵ֪Ǵѡ
ȻڹŴ񻰴˵УȴǷǳأʱڣն񣬵һλĳӣĸ缧ؿΪ챱΢ۡ
΢Ǿ뱱ǲңԶȻˣֻԶԣʵʾԾˡ
ˢ
Ҷ׼ƿռ䣬űеĵһǣɶȥ
򣬶ͨĵ˶ԣֱǲ
Ҫ֪ʮǧأ۱ˡ
µĹ۲⣬ǾѾùˣùꡣ
ݲȷĹ۲⣬Ǿһٶʮĵ߹꣬ǹһȻһҲӵ򵽴ǡ
ٶÿʮһٶʮ꣬ʲô
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˺ѿռ䣬գңԶǼʱߣֻһͨͨᴩ




2114 ڰҿʼ
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ţɫ
һգ߻ĵĺڰ֮ͻȻѿӿ
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֮ͬǿɱħǿˣƾһۼףԵֵͨĹ
ۼ׼Ӳ൱ڴһսףټڤսף˫رǵķﵽ˼ֲĵز
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һſǣһŵأе̫һꡣ

һŹϣʿţɱʽķֵش
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գһХŬûгɹ屻նɾŶΣΨͷ­ڵ鿪
ؼʱ̱ϣʧܣǿѡԱ

һλʥѪƴһ˿شһĴ֮Уȼ꣬ʮﹲͬ
ϼһǶһӣҴû㣬죬ҷˣ
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ңԶĺƹ֮ǰеʵ٣˼κڰ֮ǵܶǶ飬׻Ϊ泾
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ƽǧڼƵڷɢŨϢõĲƷ
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գǲɱĺͼԴǶˡ
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ң߳Ĵ࣬˴۵ϣӵдµĵ̣ܹԿ
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һʱ䣬Ϊıסˡ
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ֹ࣬塢ǿޡ¶Ӻƽ١
һڰңκһζӿֲＸ㳲Ҫһս壬ư档
˵ԤԳˣ˿ǰĺƽ٣ÿһŹݡ

ͬʱҶٱһǵϡ
֣ŹĺۼЩȻûгױµĳУЩƵĽƺ˵ĻԻ뱯
Ҷ߱ǣŻĹϣд֤ԾвĴ۵ۡ
Ļ֤׼ۣ˵棬ܹõϵ컯Ҳᱻ۵ĵѹơ
ôҶ֤֮أҪˡ
һµĵҶ״̬ﵽ۷壬վǳƻ⣬Ĵ
׼ˡ




2115 Ͷ
޹⣬У
澭һʷǰĺƽ٣ٲһܶŵֱӱˣ嫵ԴǱأŨϢ
Ȳѣֻ磬翹
оͨƵǿߣⲼʮɱȫǴۼɱΪһϡ
ب£ֻ߳ʣԴҲ߳ӹŽĴۡ
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׹ǴУ쿴µصЩӣͣҲоη
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·ܹϣԵС
ھ֮󣬼ܿ˹ʶǲһ׼۴ӣ׼УһӵǱ
ȻˣһְµĪˣϾģڵĿռͨ꣬ҲֻϤ
ҪǣϤ򣬸Ϥ磬򵼺Ͳıһʧ
ЩˣͲصĴһ𣬼Ķ򣬲ȴԮĵ
ֻҪһ׼ʱӦϣлơ
ϢأֻҪһƣȻ𣬵ʱǽͳ棬Ҳûܹǿˡ
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С֣㲻ҪôȻ˵Ȼȥɱ㣡
µźǿգЦ




2116 ׼۽
ǣ
ҶѹϢʢѪǳ˲񷡣
䣡
ʥȣӵǺһƹأ׼۾

ôãķͨ͸֤׼Ҳ֮С
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սף޴绮Ʋ񷣬˲ã档
׼۽ٽ٣
Ҷسɹ׼򣬴Ӵ˺ƾԾɡ
޴䣬·һ㣬ÿһԻٵһСǡ
٣Ȼ׼ҲҪɫԿ⡣
ֲ̫ˣͲǸ֤׼ߵĿ飬ǻ
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2118 ̤Ьٴ
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ԭΪǱܽҶɱԱ֮û뵽ձԸ
Ц̤ЬٴȫѹҶС֣վ꣡


2119 ɱȣ
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ǵļҲ׷ױ鿪񷶼ܵ˲ǲλ

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ۣ
׼۱٣׼ܵ˲͵һڰɫѪ
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ⲻܣ
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ҿں嫵ǿ֮Уĳһǣ˿ֲĶԾֱܹӻٵһŹǡ
ŰɫƬɫ˫Сͺڶһ㣬ǡ
Ҷη壬ͬ׵Ĵ۶壬οһ
ʵϣҶԼĵڶɽٵĹУѾˡ
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Ҷ𶯵ȭʮǺӣѹ죬һȭ׼۴úɳȥɫƬɣѪȾǿգ㱻һȭˡ

׼۲ҽУһŤˣ궼ڲ
ҶƲˣֱ˺գɵһȳȥϸֳһ
ۡ
׼ۼֱɳһ㣬Ҷػòˡ
壬
ɱߺôˣ
⼸׼۴ȣҶ׼ۣҪǵͷ
Ȼһжͽ͵ģҶû֤׼֮ǰɻɱ׼ۣѾ׼ۣʵѹ
ֻǣһʼûϤ׼۷ãԼ֮ʩչԲöֻڡ
񣬾һսϤˣҲͲ֡

Ҷһȣ𶯲񷣬֮
֣һ£ʥƣֳһС͵ɱһѪּܵ⣬ɨ񷡣
ۡ
׼۱ͱҶˣ޷ܣֱӱҶһĳ˷ɻңɿգӴг
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ҶȻ˵·һ΢С£ĿԽ׼ۣɨں󷽵ĳµأ絶




2120 ն
ǿ£Ҷ絶ɱ⡣
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ܣһҵĴ
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Ϊ׵׼һȣȳ֣Ҷɱȥ
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ͬһʱ䣬λ׼Ҳ׷׳֣Դǿһ
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淢˴ǳܵ˳
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ۣ
ȭ˫Ҷȭͷ׼۱ҪӲһȭһŶܣһ׼ۻˡ
Ų׷ǲһһѪһƼ׼ڡ

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һ˲䣬׼жһֲԤС
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׼۴𣬴γһ򣬻һ顣

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ҶȻ壬ֻһ㣬ƾͺɫڡ
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Ҷ񣬻ɢɱ⡣
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Ҷ磬䣬ͳελܵвΪ·;ңԶˣһЩʿʼ
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ȻһˣҶԣأȫӰս
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2121 һս
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󣬹âγһ룬˲ƿգʧˡ

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ȻҶڱŭУȻ䴳

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ĿУǿմ£һ˻ҳʧɿա
ˣսĻ
Ҷͻ׼ۣ׼ۣлһﵽ죡
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2123 ս
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һѪɲǼȾ˲񷡣
һӣֱӴץһ׷ԲԵߡ

߾ֵĴУ۾г˿־;
ɽֱ֮Ѫһصķģߵüġ

ɽ֮Լȥðգʩչ֮ݳ˲Ǵ
ȻȴÿΪԼ˸ȥٵĳͷȥӦ٣ԼȴѿǣܹϲԵ㡣
ݳĲҲе֣ΪһδȻδȴпܷ
һεĺڰҿǰ£بֲһζңп˶塣
ڣѾΨһϢأһƣ潫顣
ңã޷ֵڣһƣʯ١
˼ãɽ֮սԱ
ͬʱҪ˷ųԼܵĽȥͬʱͶɽģһŽɣɱƽȹκڰҡ
䣡
ٷ٣׷ԲԵһҽУֱӱ׺䶥˽ֱ̿ͦͦڵϡ
󣬽ٷٽߵʬֱӱɷɻңɢؼ䡣
ʧɢظ
һʯǧˣ
պɽ֮ݽ;㴫磬˾޴ĺ䶯Ϊ֮Ȼ
˶ģҲڹϾɽ̫á
ڵ磬Ǹ֮嶼һŹϣ⡣
ʱչǶĲΣ
ߵķָɽֻ֮Ա˵İΣ
Դˣɽܿ˻Ӧɽ֮Ļܼ򵥣һεĺڰңǰ£޷ֵҲΪ屣Ļ֡
ңδֹ˽ɽǳŻֻҪԸģô˵ֻԱ
ⷬһЩָɽ֮Ҳ޻˵ˣͬʱһɱ۵֮ӡ
ɽ֮սˣǻʲôϣ
ɽ֮ݳδ˾İȫ𣿿δء
һ﹥ķҲ¶֮£ʱ´ѡ
ҹżɽ
˶ԥ͹ʱ򣬹ż淢һɽѰӻ
˻һڽԻȻ
˭Ҳû뵽õ壬Ȼʱľŵ۵ЩФﶪˡ
޳ܣ̫޳ˣ
żҺôҲǵ壬ӵȱĵ۱Ȼųš
ŵѹڰңεȵӢ徴û뵽ﾹȻȻɫ
ŵ飬Ƕˡ
ܶʶ֮ʿ߲ѣ׷ָżֻԱ벻ˡ
ûȥ壡
ָ𣬹żдʣѾȹһˣǼʼոɣҲõܱʱˣ˵ɽ֮Ѿݳ˲δεĺڰҹģǰûд۵ʱ˭ܿ⣿ѰӻôˣǱѵд𣿡
ƿԣȻ֪ǿʶȴ޷
֮£ѣ
һЩʶ֮ʿ̾ϢżڹϣɽɸЩԥļһͷãŲ֮󣬽иļѡɽѰӻ
Ȼڹżɽ֮󲻾ãһЩѡ
һʱ䣬綯Щ콾ǣڲݹżҵūϥ֮࣬Ҳ˼Լ·
ʵϣѾû·һݵ㣬ڵ壬˵ڸ翹֮
ԺϲǣȻ֮Ⲽʮɱ׼ۼǿֳֵ۱򣬵Ծɾòȫ
ɽ֮Լݳ֮Ӷòɿ
ÿ˶Լ˼룬ϲǸ޷ˣңɽ֮ʵԶ֮ϣʱ򷢲ۣɸͶƲá

ϲ̾һգгŨŨĵǡ
Ҧ̾ˣһѾĵˡԺԺɮ˵
Ҳ֪Ůôˣ˲ʡİƶˣһϰ̾
ϲ߻Ҳ֪СûͻƵ׼۾ͻƵĻǻһƴ֮򣬸ɴǶϴϴӣŰװɣ
СӣһԵؾˣǶ֪Ķɮƺһ
һϲأ
ħڵ׼Ҳڳ΢Ц˵Сһܹ漣Ҳ׼ؿܵס
˵ʱҲ̫˵ɣҶ߾۷壬֤׼ۣţûʮʱ
»ʳĵҲˣһλʵ֣ʵ׼졣
ֻǣԪѾˣɢŸϢΪӦεĺڰңòˡ
γܷ֮ѹڰңҲˣԪѾﵽ˾ͷ
ģֻˣھۻǾһϣҲûˡһͷҰ˵
Ƕϲĵ̣һս񼶵ǿߣ׼۰죬Ǿַӡǿߡ

̸ҶʱҶڵ
㼣̤ȫÿһ䣬ؾҲûзŹ
ڴڼ䣬˵Ĳ֮ܶطзӡĲֲѾ֤׼ۣӦ
գʥɽ֮Դɽ
Ӧ۵ڣһƬӡ޷ϣһ׾ʯ
Ҳ֪˶꣬ʯȻ¶۵Ϣ
ʯϵıһּϵ֣κһЩͼġ
գҶ̽ʶʯϵϢŵ֪˱ĵݡ
һִδ֣Ҳ˵֣ص۵һֱʽͨġ
ʯ˵شһۣ꣬λһ֮ƽ˺ڰңݻڤǣȴûܱסϵ顣
ӡ
˺֣ܶش֮һһٴ֣شõıԴ֮ɱߣ
Ҷ֮ǰڽٵʱ򣬲㱻ش󵱳ڻʢشؽɱ
Ҷһ˼ǰսٵʱϻдشΪ
ͨһ㣬Ҷңҿشʶ߽ɱ̫ԩˣ
˽һ֮Ҷ׷㹻Աġ
ȻʱǾ磡
ɽҶ磬Լϲǣǰ׼




2124 ʱֶ
綯з˹żҵĴͷܶʵС׷ѡɽѰӻ˽ӸΣǰ¶š
Ȼ˿ûǺܳԶ֪֮ѵĵƴһϢء
ڳ䶨ʱɽٴδϢպ󣬽ʽգʱٽκˣľϡ
˻һٴλȻһЩԭڹҲҡˡ
ʱ䣡
ɽ֮ɣڱЩڹѡ
һʱ䣬ԭͬգɽ֮仰ö
˶ģû˲ϧԼв£һЩᶨ죬Ҳ˾޴ѹ
ÿ˶Į顣
Щʵ΢ʿ̰
ЩԼʥصʥһɽѰĻᡣ
һʱ䣬ЩűĵʥҲΪѣǲںȴòΪԼ˿ǣѰ·
ʱֶĻ̵̻ʱһըԵϢ硣
ʥǵĵۼɽ
һɽӪȻ󲨡
ڹżҺ͵ۼҵĴ£вټɽ
һʱ䣬ɽٷ֮һΪһ
ȥڵи֣۱ټɽ֮ʵԺɨκһ
ҡҡƼҲɽǵǿҲѡġ
˲̫޳ܣ
类ƣɽҲֿ
Ҫ֪Żʴأһܺɨ
벻ˣͦȥɽҲûҪˣ
ܶ۷׷ףߣɽ֮˿ڶҡģﲻ
ѾĹؼʱ̣ƸۣˮһսĻһɽ֮һȴ߽ǵĶ־һĲȣܲܣ
Ȼ˿̵磬ûѹɽֻ֮˷ˡ
ϲǰԭʥأҵϣͼȰ˵ſ֮죬һЩԼֿҲˣɢҥԣ߽Ķ־ǿ̣벻̡
Ȼȴ棬ʦҲȨɽ֮κ
ѵôȥɣϲƽ
Ѿ֮ʣȴ˷ˣѵΪ﹥ķ֮Ź
ЩɽҲǿƣһʧأ綼ˣɽ⣿
Լ££ɣ
ҲΡ
ɽ֮Ҳеַ߿ôأ
Ծ˽ġ
ûɽ֮һۣͬ飬ˮһս
ȻһϣǵĶ־ͻᱻ߽⣬ǲʵ
Ŵܶս˵һ㣬Χһ·ڴһٶȫߵоսʤ
һںΧԷûһϣ֮սʤ֮ҲḶ޴Ĵۡ
ȻһԷһɴ߽оս־
ûıԣȻɽ֮ľٶȴĺ
һƬȻʱһ۵Ȼӣܿ촫磬Ϊ
۵ǣεĺڰҿǰ£ûнıӻ޷εĺڰл
ſ֮ãΪһǵҶֱ޻̸֮
ڰѾҶûͻƣ֤׼ۣѲ磬䲻ôľǣ
һΣſ֮ˣҶʲôǣȻεĺڰ֮С
ͻ׼۱ݣ֤׼Ҳûãƾһˣ죬޷

Щֺ󣬺ܿΪܶʿΪȻȻҶս죬δɵ֮ǰնɱ׼ۣ׼۱ݿɲô״Ƶġ
֤׼ۣԾ׼۵Ϣ磬Ѿͻƣ֤׼ۣΪûκθӦ
һʱ䣬Ļ̻̣۵ÿ˵ͷ
һУż¶ɭЦݡ
һУǰɢģĿľΪɽ֮ƣͬʱͺʹѹҶԱ֮
ţֻҪ׷ɽ֮ؿɶһĺƽ١
ȵڰƽϢ֮ǹżұؿһɳ죬Ϊǿļ֮һ
˵ͲģֻҪԼļܹĹˮ죿
˿̵磬һ֮۵һӾĶܶѡɽ˾
һʱ䣬ԭʼſĴ֮ϲɮܡϺϵ֮⣬˻Ͽ۵ΪҶһǣ޷ѹڰҡ
ģĸ˶Ӿϲ⣬ɢҥԣ
۵֮󣬺סˣһһƬ
ΪҶֿѣȻϣҶܹѹεĺڰҡ
ȻҲûҶϢв
Уҵȥԭʥؿ
գ˾ʯҰ˾ƵˣһȥԭʥأҶ˳̽̽⼸λѵĿڷ硣
ʱֶòСģ
ϵͬʱʯҰҲ㱩ߣñһ㣬ǰĴɽ
˲̫޳ˣ
ƿڴżԼֿҲˣȻɢҥԣ߽Ķ־ֱ޳ܵһµľ硣
֪ͨ۵ǹżɢġ
ͬʱ˾Ҳ˴ֿڣɢҥԵ˲ú
ʱػϣϼ̨գϲԭʥء
Ƕͬʱ̫ʥغʥصʥҲͬʱǳ̣ǰԭʥ̽Ϣ
Ƭ֮ԭʥΧѿ˵˴ӿռͨгֱԭʥȥ
ԭʥصĳͣҲʥѣΧǲδ
ǽʥزã̫ʥغʥصʥҲˡ
յǼϣֱѯҶ֪ҶΪѰͻƵ˵ûзأҲûκϢ
õϢ˵ɥ
ֱҲûлûκϢԤʾʲô
ǾãҶпûͻ׼۱ݣӦûˡ
һ̣мᶨƵҲʼ˶ҡѵҶĲһǣ

ͬһʱ䣬Ҷ߳ɽϸྩһЩҶ˵ˣصģ㹻ʵԱδܹƵķ
֪Ȼɱ󣬵ҲоҶ껾°Ͳҽϣκϲ£졣
ʵ̫ˣ
Ҷ껸пǧΪˣԼĸף˽̫ˡ
ݱףҶûٵ飬ֱǰάɳĮͨռͨ硣
Ѿ뿪˺ܶ죬Ҳ֪ôˡ
֮ܶҪԭʥظǲû
Ƭ̺ǲ岼ɱ߳һ⣬ϢĻص磬ԭʥظȥ




2125 Ҷع
ɽڲռ󣬷·Գһ磬ƬĽ岼಻
ƬռУ۾Ŵɽļ
ɽأһƬСĿռ䣬ǽеĽҲɽ֮չس˯֮أκ˲ټ̤Ƭռ벽
һգż
ɣ
ɽ֮Թż滹ǺܿģϾһվԼΪһá
ңżʵҲصģˣҪżҳ
һˮĻһϣżƬռ䣬پԪŨʮֹ
ƬռУƷʯЩǧأţĹâ
ͷϿգƷʯóǿͼȫԭⲿǿգȥ磬޷
ǿ£һ޴ļ̳بǰصķģɢµĲɣ
̳ϣɽֶ֮µϰ
ż΢΢Ϲΰɽ֮
ؿ
ɽ̧֣֮ƽ˵£
ҿԭʥѾûҪˣǷǷ֮ǰһԭʥأйͷ֮ߣ
ż潨
ɽ֮Ҷ֮ĶԹҶɽ֮棬ɽ֮Ψһնɱ𣬲ǹżҺҶ֮ĳС
ãɽ֮϶ͬ⣬ʽɽ֮ǰҶĵͳһڶ
ɡ
Ȼû뵽ǣɽ֮Ȼһڻؾˡ
Ϊʲô
żΪ⣬ãɽ֮ûɲͬĽģԼ֣ҲԼˣԼ
㲻
ɽ֮Ȼ˵ΪҲҶСĵͳұ룬ֻڻʱ򡣡
żһãȻı飬ɽ֮һ̾ȴûΪ͡
Լܣżʵ߹Ҳûʸ֪
ųڷɽ֮ǰκ͸ǰͶѰӻΪǾۼݷȵʵʱٳˡ
Ҫһ֤Լھֻۣʱ˲öѣۣܿؼǡ
˵ģ˭ҶҶĵͳʱδ죬óȻֵĻֻΪԼĨڡ
Ҷħ壬ȡ˾Եʤ˺պսʿĿеӢۡ
Ȼħϲˣвǳսʿֱ𵽾õģֻҶ
ҶѾеһᱮ徴
ң֣еǰżð֮踣ҶĵͳһŭⲻҪĽ
ҪˣǷҪ£ȻҶĵͳйߣҲԾǰ·
Ƭ̣ɽ֮ûΪ˼żֻ˳
ȻٶźͲʣҲΥɽ֮˼
Ȼɽ֮˵ڻʱǾͿ϶ʱȻٲģҲֻѡɽ֮İţݷ
ʵҡҡԽʥǵĵۼҵȺҶԸô˻ԭʥأεҶĸ
ֻǣûɽ֮Ǹ
˵Ҳûʵԭʥع׼ǿ߶δܹȥ
ңڵԭʥ󣬲׼վŵҡԺԺ۱ȳ
ҪǣڵԭʥأԭʼſѾͬһսϣԭʼſǿĺܣûɽ֮׿ϣǸԭʥء

ԭʥأ羰ɣܶ˽Ϊ鱼æµš
ӿ磬ԭе֣Ҳ˺̻ܶ
򣬸Ŀطǳḻԭʥо۱Ԯܶ˶ҵͷԡ
£ҶڣԭʥҲתܶྫھӪĵǷ׷׳֣Ϊԭʥش޴
һʱ䣬ԭʥس˳۱֮Ļߣɽ𶼱Իˡ
Ҷһ⣬ɽԭʥأδӽӦ˼ϤϢǺǼˡ
һЦչ׷ǲ紩Խռһ㣬ɲǼ併ԭʥء
ɢԼϢһյϡ
ҶҶӣ
Ҷ
Ҷʥ
˺ʯҰһ磬ӴгֱӸҶһܱԱǴ˿̵顣
Ҷӣ㡭
ӦҶϵ׼Ϣ˵һ𾪣ϲ
Сӣ߯ˣģȻѾ֤׼ˣ
˸ҶһȭͷЦ˵
Ҷӣϲ㣡
˾ƺʯҰҲҶʾףء
ϾһУҶǵһͻ׼ϣ֤׼۵ģֵء
̫ʥغʥصʥҲӭҶء
Ҷʥزû̫Ľ飬ЩǶǹȥˣͬ飬ȥǵСԹҶͲˡ
ңʥغ̫ʥһ򣬺Ҷԭʥؿ˵ھӣݹϵ
һԣһĽο
ĶӣˣѾźˡ
Ҷ֣ȹ𣿡
̫ʥǰʵǹ껵ĵӣս̳֮ʥӵݣڰǰʥλʥ֮λ
ҶҲЦֹȹˣڿ׼ۡ
˵ţҶԼϢţ׼ѹ˲ϯԭʥء
ʲʲô
ġġ죿
ҵѽ
Ҫ𣿣

ӦҶе׼ѹ˼ʯ
׼۾һĵﵽ׼죬ֱһ㣬˲˼飡
Ҫ֪ﵽ׼۾֮ÿǰһҪĴۣЩĻͻƣҶȴһɳ죬˲ܵ񻰡
Ϊһ㣬֮۶بĵһˣ
⡭
ӦҶϢ϶ˡ
û뵽Ҷ֤ɹƾҶʺԣ׼ؿסҶĽŲҲû뵽ҶĽ˿ֲ
ʦ˵ûҶ϶һؼǣ
Ǿϲ
ģ˭˵Ҷ޷ͻ׼ۣ˭˵ҶӲһǣʮͻ׼ۣһͻƾ죬ۣĸ
ϰͬʱֱӿڴ˷ܾ·Լһͻ׼졣
ûҶһǣһ㣬ӹɣ
ʯҰҲŸͣЩԵƽӡ
ô£׷ʲôҶʵ
Ӻ˺ʯҰ˵ĻУҶ֮˵϶˵ʲôĻ
Ҿѻ𣡡ߵ˵
ǽҶ뿪֮ʱ䣬緢һһʮȫ˵˳
ɽ֮͹żҰɢԣ˵һ顣
̫ɺˣ
Ҷŭ嶼һ¶⣬֣ǲҲˣҾģʵ޿գ
ôʥʵ
⣬Ȱڣ
Ҷۣһһ


2126 ޴䶯
ʱֶƱãƹ
Ĵټ٣ÿ˶ΪԼĽ㡣
ܵסǿٺòܣǰ
һЩʶ֮ʿ磬סĽâĿģĿҪѹڰңһ԰滷
ֻǣҪһ㣬ʵ̫ˣ
ǰεĺڰңд۳֣ѹڰ
ǣһ
ǶЩˣûд۵壬ֱһĶ֡
ڣǹһ磬ʮɱͼ۱ǿ֧һʱ䣬֧Ŷã
֤λջҪģڲڹӲдѡ
ʱֶʱٴγ֣ż뿪ɽ磬Ϊɽҡźķơ
ʱѾˣҪɽѰӻץʱ˾Ͳٽˣ
ż淢һ쫷磬Ѹٴ硣
һʱ䣬Щԭڹʵʱסˣһλᣬպڶ
ɽû񱣻ˣԣʶʱΪܣֻռ룬ܵõõıӻ
ʱܶ׷׳ɽѰӻ
һʱ䣬ɽƴ׳壬֮һѡɽѰӻʵ
ϲ磬Բڵ֡
ʣȥĻʵһʱٴǿĻʮɱܷ赲ĽŲͺ˵ˡ
ѵҪɣ
һ̣ǼᶨҲʼҡˡ
δɽ֮˵ǵһŬʲô壿
õĽͻṥʮɱ罫ĳࡢ壬ʲôϣ
ɽѾ֮һսδͻ׼۱ݵҶܵһǣδ߳ѹڰң
һеһУδ֪
սϲǣҲһӰ
Ҷ޷ڶʱͻƵ׼۾һϣҲûˡ
õ籾ԴϿɵţʥصؾʲôʱػ֪
һжδ֪в
ʲôһ
ħ׼ۺݺݵ˵עҲҪһȻսҲȱɱйħڣ̰֮
ħͷʲô˼
ڵһŷɫƵ˵ħṵ֮̂ѵҷھܹ𣿡
ͺ¿ƲǷڣⷬǶθڣǶϵ׼ۣһһȻܵڶҲ̫ɣʱںϣȻսҲҪȺûԵۣΣħڵ׼͵˵
ȻʩܹƴһɮֺϧƤңѾ̫ûйͬԵˣȺʶһ·ħڵĹŷƽ˵
ģϷûп㡣ħڵ׼۴Цһս֮һǷںͽ⣬ͬչ
˵ЩΪʱ磬˵ɣ
ڵĹŷƽ˵Ƿųħ壬ӹԣħڣһ棬ͬͬԴģںǴƣɸı䡣
ħȻʵǣҪԿǲ˵򡣡
ǵ˵ҶھͺˣֵõߵĴУ˵ĿǣڣҲôݰţֻϧ䲻δҲ֪ܴܲ׼۱ݣ׼򡣡
ϵĻ˶ĬȻˡ
Ҷսˣ˵죬һ˭֪۱̥Ͳҩѡ
ȻʱȣܴƳ棬ô̵ʱ׼
һʱ䣬Ժ´Щ̣˶磬Ϊδ˵ǡ
Ȼ
ڴʱ
һɿֲϢطϲ֣˲侪ˡ
׼۵Ϣ
һ˲䣬˶ˡ
ûȷ׼۵ϢҲǳ׵׼ۣ׼ɢϢ
ۣ廹׼ۣ
ϲ׼۳ѯʵϲԭʥ֮⣬ֻǿ
ԭʥǿ׼ϣҲ׼һѡ
׼ۣ֮⣬ڶ롣
ȻԤϵǣҡҡͷȷе̣ȴ׼ۣңؼʱ̣ǲġ
壿
λ׼ѵԭʥءôܣ
һ׼ۣȻͻƣҲǶ׼۶ѣ̫ʥغʥأҲܣǵĵ̻ûеʱ
һǾ͸ɻˣʲôˣ
׼Ϊֻʱ֣
ĵԺӦǿϢȻҲӦˣ׷𾪡
ȻԻڴеǰһЩԪɺԵ׼֮⣬׼۶Ѿ˰
Īʱһޱ𺳵龰Ͽա
ҶУһۣ磬׼Ϣչ¶š
ÿµϢ
ǡҶ
ҵɰҶͻ׼۾ˣ

ҶӰ֣һտĿˮ˲ˣ
˶ˣһϿյҶеԸӡ
ͻˣСͻˡϲ૵˵
׼ۡ죿ôģ
ȫˣӲҽϣһĲ˼顣
Ҿ˵Сӹ߻ᴴ漣
ħ׼㶵˵ǡ漣Ҳ̫˼˰ɣֱҪһ򰡣
⡭ôܣ
׼Ҳɵۡ
Ϊ׼ۣԼĽҲ֪֤׼жôѡ
Ѱʿ֤׼֮ҲҪʮ꣬ϰĻ͸򣬲пͻƵ׼۶졣
ǣҶȫˡ
ǰΪ֤׼۶գ˶ΪҪ֤׼ۣûмʮĻܡ
Ȼ£Ϣ׼һ㣬ͻĵϣ׼ľ磬ֱ˼顣

Ҷ
Ǻηѽ
Ǽӣһ㣬Ҳܱˣ
򣬾Ŵ󺷷еļϼһһ޸п
֪ɣǵӺҶǺѣҶ֤λ˭۸ǵĺˣ
˵ҲǣҪȥϴٹżҵʯףһ£
Ϻ˶һۣ׷¶թЦݡ
żΪɽ֮ҡźƣͲˬˣҶǿƹϴһżңҲڶ
ĩٽżҿʯٶȴӿ죬Ҳڱսġ
ʱ򣬹żҵʯ϶и򣬲Ŵ󺷷Ҳǳصģƽʱξһ֣ȡ̵ʱڹҼʯ󣬸ǵѵ
ѶɾŴ󺷷еϴϹ˳һ˺ƺƵżҵʯɱȥ

һٳΪ׼죬еĻҪ죡
ԭʼſУſ֮οЦˡ
һ̡
Ҷĳ֣һ쫷磬Ѹϯ磬˾޴䶯


2127 Ҷ
һٳΪ׼ۣһǣ
Ҷ޴Ӱ綨һ㣬úܶд󶨡
һ̣ҶȫĹǡ
ȻʵǿģǱȴ޵ģҵˡ
һ̣˶˹ſ֮۹⡣
Ҷȷһǣܿبδ֮Ⱥӣϣһ㣬֮ҲҪ硣

»ʳһؾУº֪һУɵһ̾һΪӣҲ˿ռˡ
ҲΪҶеˣ֮ҶͻƼֱ̫ʱˡ
ûͻƣǰһƬ
ںˣҶǿͻƣΪ˴һ⣬һսܴȥ
ܸĴֻۣҪսʤһжֵõġ

ӺʹħͬӦҶϢĽд壬Ҷܹнĳɾͣľǽңʵʵڵĸ
ҪŬ㲢սħбǿâᶨޱȵεıչء
ܵȻֻһţ㲻˵۾ܹҲ˶־
ԴȱΪҲнħͨŵĴȱֻԵˣȫģħڻҪ
̸̶վǰɫЩį
ںޣԼųܹ֮ǰ¶ļĻڵνȻͬ
ɽ̩꣬ŬĵµĴУҲ׼ˣ̳ĵеĴУֻʱȣѾûʱˡ
ӦȥҶжļ⡣̩
ȻҲûжǼ뿿Լʵ̳ĵ۵һУΪһĵۣҫĵ۵ĵͳ
׾ɽ޶Ȼ֪Ҷͻ׼죬һҲϣ˵һУΨбĲ档
׾ȭʣֻһżᶨģ޶˼޶ۣǡǡʺ׾ȭ
εıչУ׾ȭ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ٽһƾ׾ȭƵۡ
ҶѶΪĳɾͶе
Ȼɽ֮Ϊ׵Ĺżҡۼҵȴʼֻˡ
Ҷĳɳٶ̫ˣǸо˿˿

ɽ֮һһƬ̳ա
ɫ࣬޺޵Ҳһǣ첻κˣ
Զ죬Ļ䣬׵Χը𣬽еħһ㡣
ô
żأԭزϴתɫܵˮ
Ҷĳ֣һӴеļƻ
־ǣҶȻļһԾΪ׼ǿߣ֮ǰֳսѾܹвˡ
⡭ôܣ
ۼͬǲԳֶԸҶ˫֮ĳԹ޷⣬ҶŹǣ
ڣΨһֵҵǣѾɽ֮ҶȻҪҲɽ֮ں󷽣ʱǰȫġ
Ҫսˣ
ȼƶҲ㷲ݺݵ䣬ϣҶڶԿսȥǵĸ󻼡
Ȼôʵ֣Ҳֻοˡ
ҶûʲôԹźͼҲڸпҶֵļֱ̫ʱˣٲֵĻ粻֪ʲôӡ
ЩɽʵɫӣϣҶܹ壬ѹڰңֲϣܹ֤ɵۣ¡
һʱ䣬Щì֮
վϣȻϣҶܹѹڰңһǬ
Ȼ˿ѾɽҶĳɹˣѹ˺ڰңкĿȥˣ
ǣЩûɽʵ򰵰ңΪԼѡǶԵģҶܹڶʱڽͻرݣ׼죬˵ܶ⡣
ſ֮۹⻹ǺϬģûпˣҶȷһǣؼʱ˵ͻƣ
ۣ֮ʻǴۣм˿ڸոͻ׼۱ݵͬʱļﵽ׼죿
ûУһûУȻ֤ʱ֤ľۣҲûڸոͻ׼۱ݵʱļ
˵ҶȺӣǰ޹ˣߣ
ĳɹ޷ƵģκҪģΨ·һѵ⻹˵
ʱ䣬˵ʧˣ˵Ҳͻ׼۾˵ˣ
ڣһˣͻ׼죬׼Χɱһս𣡡
˼ǧ˼ʱҶˣף쳹硣
ԼľԵ˵һ飬кܶϸû˵
Ըϸ˵ʱޣҪ˵ĺ䶯ļƻչ
һ˺ĵ׼죡
һͻƣս׼ۣλͬһ׼죬߳һ磬ôܣ
ҵθɰ
⡭ֱţ̫λˣ
һƬȻⲻܣҶ̫˵ɣ
⡭ֱ췽ҹ̷
û֤׼ۣʲô
ɣ
һ˵Ȼͻˣûֱ˺ĵ׼죬ֻΣ
ʣԾɱɣ׼ۣ׼ۣҲӧ棬ֻݱܷâơ
ȻҶȴӲһ֮նɱ׼ۣսʵţ
һ̣󲿷˶ΪҶڴ꣬ΪԼơ
ǸеȻľģҶս˵һ
ͼԵΪ壬Ǳ磬Ӧϣһٹķ
˵Ķģôֱϴ˸תǻȻ֪̫ˡ
ʱգĴѾûҪˣҶ˵һС
ǸгµصǺҲôǴδ˵
ܶ˶ɻ󣬶ڳµָеİ
Ȼµһֱܵ͵ڤɱʥؾڴɱǼ˶ˣȻûҶô
µǵˣҵУԴ磬һֱûзѰټ֪ѾɳΪڤɱʥصʥұ壬飬ͶҶ˵
Ϊûн׼׼۲Ҷ˵һУʵ
رûܽɱӵˡҶ̹Ȼ˵
һвһ֮ʣû֤ݣǺţۼһ׼Į˵
Ҫ֤ݣҶƽ˵ܼ򵥣ϾͿչʾ֤ݡ
ˢ
ˢ
ˢ
˵գҶ˫ֻлԭǿµһսй̡
Ҷ׼˵Ķģ
һսɱ׼ۣҶ׼̫ǿˣ
Ҷ䣡
Ҷۣѹڰң

Ҷڱŭ֮һ׼ۣˣûɽʿ׷׻
ǰδеĴʤ޷սʤħ䣬ҲǿսʤģֻҪʵ㹻ǿνֽϻѡ
ֱӺҶۣҶĳƺ
ΪǿҶʵٶȣò˶ñƵۡ
ԹżΪ׵ĵжսľ۹ⲻȻܿһжʵġ
Ҷ׼۶һɱôأ
ܷ񵲵סҶһ


2128 һӦ
Ǹô죿
żҺ͵ۼλɫ࣬㷲
ǣһǵĹſ֮ԤԽ棬ǵҶᱨǡ
ϾҶҶ޷ĳޣԼˣһҶƣ׷Źǣ
һ̣ڵûֱӳ֣ҶɱΣնɱѿС
˵ʲôˣҶѾǿ𣬳˽֮⣬ûѹ
ͬʱЩһֱأûѡɽʵ׷ּӶΪԼѡеҡ
Ҷһ·߸ͽѿſ֮ԺпܳΪʵҶһؼǡ
һ̣ܶʶ֮ʿıǣҶǿǿϣ
һȷڰһȴûһϣ
ҶĴ£ܹ̣ѹһڰҡ
Щиǰζӳ£
һǱţΪʲôǸģ
߳ĴѾܶˣĻҶҲض֤Ϊһ֮𣬾
ϧƫƫͲһģģˡ
֪ҶսɺͰԲ졢Сλ콾һĬȻ
Ҷ貹âҫ£ϵĹ⻷Ե
ҶȣǻԣҶ̫ûʲôɱԡ
ò˵ɺСˣһ֮ţûҶУһ˿֤
ȻҶبǰǵǰ·ð˾
Ҫ֤ɵۣҪҶҶѾ׼ۣҲûлˡ
Ҷͬһʱǵı
һʱڣֻһǣҶ̫ˣǵģȻˡ
褣
仰ֱ˵ҶһʱȻҲ졣
һ̣ҷӡҶʱȥһʱ֤ĻԵ
ֻǣǲΪҲûһʱǱΪƽڰҶԼһ

֮ԭʥ磬ֵͬĶԲߣ
һƬȻµʱҶˡ
Ҷ׼ɣ
ҶĻ£ĵ̣֮ЦŻӦʱһ߶ţţ˳ֱƳԡ
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Ҷ
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һ
ȴһ
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ֻ֮ϧֻ˵һ֣ȴѾ̬ȣһġ
ڱĹſ֮ͲʣĵԭʥأҶܲ
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λ֮
ڴ۲ʱǺǧ޵ֵĴڡ
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һʱϵ
һҶ׼۰ţ
ûɽҲ׷ױ̬ԸҶհƾĵǲһһƽĻ

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Ȼʵǿ·ȴ̫˺ģЩѰӻҲķ
˳ɽʹһͬˣֿͬΪĺƽһ΢֮
ʱһոɽѰӻͻȻı⣬ɽع鼯塣
;֪ǻӭ
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ͷм½ɽɽ֮͹ż֮ǰŬȫ׷ˡ
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һЩԶ׷򣬶̶̰ʱ䣬Ѿ˳ɽЩɽ֮ըˡ
಼ľ֣û뵽Ҷ仰ƻˣû˵֧֣ȥˣ
û˵ļӳ֣֤λ
һУǰҶͣܲŭգ޵˼¡
Ȼ
˿ȴκβҶֻܰ
Ϊλֻ֮ɱҶȻֹ
ҶģҵţϷû꣡
ɽ֮ҧгݣɱ졣
һ̣Ҷĺֱһֱѹľۡ

ԭʥأ
Ҷ۵Ϣ֮󣬺ܿ˵Űݷá
޵۹أǰ磡
һʮһлԭʥء
ҶӭӣΪ;޵۹ҲЩԨԴȻ˵޵۹ʸʢᣬҶǿյϣӭ˾޻
Ȼ޻һ̣ҶˣȻ֮ǰľ޻ӣû뵽겻ȻѾǻ˻ı
ʱǨ˿̵ľ޻ٴοҶ޸п
Ҷ˵ͬһϳģȻҶѾܹý֮Ĵ԰磬ȴǿʥѣ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
λʶҶҲԣֻܸп²ˡ
ӭ޻֮󲻾ãݷҺͰڵʥҲ׷׵
ͬΪʥأҶѾԺ͵а壬Ϊ˳ܱġ
Ҷûʲô׼۵ļӣڿģһδôон
ϲҲϵˣҶӭ£յ
ڽ½ϵ壬Ҳǿޣԭʥضʱ
һʱ䣬ԭʥַǷ弸ƶǰҶأͬʱ׼μӽʢᡣ
ⳡʢὫϵǲӡ
ԽԽС͵Ħ⣬ںͷСûʸʢᣬԺ϶ûС
ҶϵľеͣԾìֻܱǰҶӣûе
գҶò䲼һֻƶ߿Խ᳡غĦȥҪӰ˻С
䲼֮󣬳Ѹٵõ˿ƣҶյϵĴ
ϸĵ˲ѷ֣ʢģǰҶĸϡϲ˺п˿ռƣƬԳɿռĻɲôˡ
ңЩӵҶˣɽһЩҲ׷ԭʥأҪʢᣬ֪յ
Щ˺ܿͱϳˣָǵģΪƻⳡʢġ
ҶҡͷȻԸǶ֧ûжġ
ⷬһڣЩɽĸ׷¶߲ѵɫҶĴȣǸе
ȻѾѡˣҲǳΣֻܼڲԣԵøΡ
Ҷ׼ۣϲ㣡
һԷɹǵҶȭǿ֮֡
ϲҶʥΪ׼ۣ
״Ҳ׷Ҷأ̬ȹ
ҶǫѷлɹԺ󣬵ȴſ֮˵ĵ
һĻΧ۵ϢǸ̾ѡ
ʱҶһСʿû뵽꣬ΪǿߵһԱҪĴڡ
⡭ǣԤϰ


2129 ĺŽ
죬Ĵ֮˾޴ĺ䶯
ܶ˶ǵһμ֮൱档
ֻ֮֮һһڴײģԵУò˾°͡
λ֮ĵϯʼˡ
ԭʥóĳ⣬ʳĶģ֪ļλմʦƣԳƵɫζѡ
޾ƲϯԭʥضõļƽʱʥǿҲܺȵϡ
Ȼˣǹſ֮׳ģԭʥػûôĵ̡
һЩ۷׷׸пԭʥؾǲƴ֣һϯ⻨һ˵֡
ңܶණмУȻʯһš
λǰͨ׼۵ʵĶǿӦûûгأпܱǣ磬
£ȫؾǷиʵʩģķЩȷ沿ɱһɱǵ
ֻҪһսʤ֮ȻԴͬʱʿ
෴ȥһڳȻǿʱ岻սҲսȨС
䱻ǷиԴ⣬Դһֲ

ϯ䣬Ҷλ֮ϲȾŵùļ˵Լļƻ
ţ
ҶķϲҲΪ⶯ֱȷǸе
ֻǣڲʵ֮ǰҲֻɱء
мɰգ
ü侲ʵ
ȻҲĶΪҪ˵ϾΨһܾӵˣһóȻ֣һҶ˵Ĳɾˡ
߳ɣ
Ҷǳ侲һжĲ²⣬Ȼмְգ˵ˣһأ
߳ɰգֵƴһˣ
ܶ˶⶯Хǿգʱܹ
ȻҵĴսһȻսҲֱ磬Ӳдĺã
Ҳͬ⣡
飬һжֻĲ²⣬һĲ²Ǵأϣûˡ
ǲ̳ǰȥ̽ǿսûеǱٷЩһ򾡡Ҷ򶨵
˵õɣ˭ȥ̽ǲȥ˭ȥȥ𣿡׼ü
ģ
Ҷ΢ЩѡģҲȥġ
㡭
ҶӲķһ䣬׼۶ʱɫͨ죬죬һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ǿӲһΣ±Ҷûסֻ
ʵϣҲҺҶΪڳλ֮ĸֶһ
СҪˣ˭ȥ̽ϲеѯʡ
֪Ҷһ³ȣȴҲðվǵŭ
ż͵ۼ棡
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Ҳ׷׵ͷΪҶ˵Ĳкʵʣ϶̰ȥ̽ʵֱɱǡ
ңɽ֮ţĺܣͲ˵ָӡ
񣬳ɽ֮⣬κҲָǡ
ɽ֮ȥҲἤҷģԲԹ
СǲǸˣ
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ҶһЦ˶Ҳǿҳ֣ҪɱңҲ˸ʱˡ
СɲҪ嶯
һǵѯʵʲôƻ𣿡
裬ģҾԲðյġ
Ҷĸ䣬ȻһѡһԸȷ棬ȥ̽ʵҰǶȥ
˵꣬Ҷλ֮һҪУҪλǰ
ǳ֣ǣס죿
⣬Ҷ·Ҫ˼άһ㡣
ҶͷֻҪλǰǣס죬ұùżҺ͵ۼ
Ҷϣòһ£еߵĲȶˡ
һ棬Ǻεȵİ

⻹ǹؼؼǣλ֮ǷԸ֡
ûλ֮ǣסɽ֮ҶֶͨΣҲ޿Ƥӵˡ
ǿԳ֣и
˶һۣſ֮˵ֻǣס죬һŲܣܷɹҲֻܿԼʵˣ޷ɹҲ
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εĺڰڣǰңǸͲһѾѵˡ
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ħڵ׼һǵ˵Ҫһȥɣ˶֣ȻսʤǣסһǿԵġ
𣡡
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лǰҪһӣ
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پһֱԵɽֱ췱ǵʱɢȥ
ЩȺϢģԭʥҲû䣬˾ʳ
λ飬նﷴ
Ҷ˵ձ㽫֯ģķȫͷӡ
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Ҫˣ
ģҵһѾܾˡ
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˼֣׷ۣ
ǲ֪飬Ϊλ֮Ҫˡ
ʸ֪ĶҶŵùģѾڣǣԼûж֮ǰԲܰʵй¶ȥɽ׼
ЩȻҲڴӦϾǹغĴ£ǲ˿⡣
ܿ죬ҶϢ㴫磬ܣܶ˰Ͳϼȥ
ãϾǵǣһּµĸо
ֱķû˼ʱ̾裬ֹǿ
ȴ⣬빥ɧһ빥ΧţǺĵ𣬿ȴĲ
ԴޣôȥԴݽߣʱΣա
ҲһЩ磬ΪóȻֻȻǹӲдٻһϣһһۣ׸Ĺۡ
ÿһǣѹڰңħ壬ĵһڶܳɹô
ڸ˼ͬʱ׼г˵Ǻڴ
Ȱڣ
һ졣
Ҷ췴ĺŽǣ




2130 ร
żϴ٣
ΪҶ䶯ʱ򣬹żͻȻӵһѶϢͬʱ˻档
УŴ󺷷˳ͻϮ˹żҵʯȻûɱˣżʯȫˣʯҲһա
ǣǾȻڵߣѷʯķӶˡ
ңǻԣ˵ллżҵТȴ֮Цˡ

żƿڴ仰Щ޲ȥɱŴ󺷷ˡ
ʱ
һϢҶն﷢
٣ǲ֪
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ż֮ԱǣЦѣеŭҲɢ˲٣ͬʱ˿
ҶȻ﷢𷴻ǾͲԹżҳˡ
ԼΪżǳϴΪɽ֮ƣҡź϶Ҷ񾭡
ңܼЩҶ֣ϲڳɵĻʱͽҶɱˡ
һۼҲһڿҶ޵Уɱ׼֮ҲһֱĵҶɱǵĻ
ںˣҶս̣չȻûʱ˼ˡ
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˵ʲôҪ﷢
ɽ֮һţƾϲǼһ׼ۣҲ﷢ⲻϻͷĲӬ
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֣̫ˣ
ɽ֮һҡͷһ
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ܱۻнĹͬ׼ᣬ֮ӦҲΥ
Ҷģ·ߣԼҪȥ
ţɽ֮¶һ˿οЦݡ

ڶգնһƬϼ⡣
ȻܶԭĵطҲٳ˵ͳʱŵĵط
Ȼˣ塢ʥغϴڵȳȻҲᶯ
˸Ⱦָĵط
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峿£ĵӰǶɽ
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2133 ǿѹ
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ȴϣҶһ֣ʮ׼һ𣬹ͬţܹʮɱ󣬳⣡


2134 
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˺ĴղһɹǺ߶ġ
ǧɱ۵ĵ۱ɱ֮ųܹնɣһȫ漤ܲ


2137 һɱ
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𶯣޾׺ľͷһ۳֣ͷһħӣħơ
Ҷ죬ո޸壬ҪĴۡ
ȻҲûħڵĴۣħϾܲµڲǰùħء

ħ𶯣Ӳ絶Ҷɱ
ûи
ҶԹ죬Լ٣Ҫٵǿ߸ɵģûǶԸԼ
˵ʲôˣֻܽ߾ȫĵֿ˿⡣
ۣ
ٴαնӲ̺֮صľ嶼סٴαն塣
֮۹Ȼսֲһʱؼǡ
ҶתٴöɼײƬ֣סüĺࡣ
ӶȭӲۣٶɢˣ¶һǿա
ͬʱսҲֳ˽״̬˫ɱ졣
ռϷģսƽб
񱩵ٶǸ޴вһմȾɡ
𣡡
һͷ׼ǿչֳ壬һɽ룬بǿ£Ϲ˸ɣһա
һսǧغϣΧȫգС͵ĺڶ
ͷǿ޺쳣ȻѪȴһˡ
ԼƬɳȥһƬ⣬ɨȥ
ȻϾһ磬Ȼ£ջǲУˣ챻ˡ
ٺ١
ͷǿ޲ЦΪΣһĿϵˣ˿ڴڹ˸˸ϸʴ
һǵġ촽̵˵
˿̣Ҳˣǿ£Ҳֹۡ
ǺܿģΪͷǿ޺ǿ󣬽ʱɢϢܿٻָ۷״̬ܸһ¥
뵽Цøˡ
ҲҪǵңͷǿҡͷΪһһߵģ
˵꣬һ⣬׼۳ȥֱӱס
󺧣ԭܶȥģһǿȼԼǿн״̬ޣӦͱסˡ
һĻˡ
ͷǿޡȻѡ˻һ𻯵ͬ


2138 ƿشۣɱУ

׼۾־ĿУ˻꣬ɢǿա
ؼֲøǴǿ߻֮Уع鱾Դ
֮ǰĴսѽΧգﻹǿߣһϢմȾȻᱻ
ֻǴսһӰǿ£ͬҵĴսǿ߲䣬ҲƬɱ
սңǿͨҪ˺޴Ĵ۲ܽһǿɱ
ڶ࣬˺սҲܽɱɾ
Ҫʱ䡣
ÿһʣµı֮׳ڴսоȻжͻԭľ磬ʵǿ
˿̣·ŭˣµһαһοֲããټǿգһ㡣
ԽԽ˶ɽ٣ٽ٣ʲôˣµǿǳױ飬еһƬǳ𶯡
ҶΪֲȻѾһΣεвͬ۹ͬΧɱ
ĥ֮£ĵȭƣÿһлΰ
ͨ׻һֱֻ֣ӽħˣһƬ⣬ɢ֮С
ˣ
׺𶯣ٵľͷ纣УһӰ·һͨũȴѹŵơ
Ҷһ飬ͷߣ
Ϊ֣ͷ𶦣ӴȻǹŵۡ
ºˣżҺ͵ۼҸոձͶսǰߣȫսоҵ棬ѵǱӦɣ
֪ǣڹżҸۼҵս֮ʣжĺﵽ˶㣬в˺Լ֮
پôŹλ۵ĵۣѪУ۱ˣݻ
嶼Ҷſ̹ǳޣԣ޾ݻλҲܵһ˿˿Ӱ죬ϳ֣ҪҶɱ
λĴۣȻ绯ɵģȴӦʵ似һûֲۣ֮
֮ʲôһնɱ
Ҷ쳤Хڷ裬˿ȾѪ񱬷˼¡
ⲻնͬǧɱۣͬħۣʸ
Ȼȴûתֻ꣬ʵԼǿȥ뵽֮Уȥǡ
һּΣյĳԣɹĻѹλһͷ
ңǲġĵֻۣһƿأڶʵǿѴ֡
׼ۿɲöԸԽĸС硣
׼֮ÿһС磬൱֮ǰһ󾳽磬ͻƣս֮
ƾһˣ㶯õ۱Ҳ޷ԷնɱĴۣȫһˡ
ҶоһԼĵһע׼ۡ
ŹҲܷŹֲĶ֣Σӣ
˿̣׼ҲǰδеĿ飬ֲٷ·ϲһֻܿ
𣡡
ˣڲϵڣѪȾ׺
˿̣͸ˣ£α飬Щĥ
ۣ
һƬ̫׽䣬֮а֮ĿǣϣѪУ׹ɭɭ
ıԴڲĥһľٵɱ˼㡣
ʵãֻĿǣΪһ٣
׼۰쾳ʱҶЮɱǰһǵȭ˲񷣬ѹ

׼۴ŭһ֮޸壬һȭӭǰҪɱҶ
ۣҶˣһУǰǰͣѶҶ޵㡣
䣡
ˣ֮䱬˶Ŀǿ⣬·Ƭһ㣬һɴϢ
ۣ
Ҷɳȥұ۱ѪҲ̶á
׼·Ұһ㣬˿Ĳ
꣬Ҷ˵壬ΨһĹޣ涼Ȼ翹ʲô壿
ˣ
ҶĮ˵δսʤǴ
ƨ
׼۴ŭǲ߹壬嶼Ǳ壬ֻΪǵϡ
䡪
˵ʱ򣬹ŵ۶ˣ𶦻һɹ⣬ȼյ̫һ㣬ֱײȥ
ۣ
һһ͸Ŀ
ţɱһ۽ն죬棬ʱ佫ˡ

׼Уش֮ĥıԴ
ҿ
һ޾Ϣˢ𶦺۽µĿֲ֮
ò˵׼۰켫ȿֲȻ֮УҲѱɱ
䣡
ػˮת·𿪱һ磬׼۵
صļٶˣҶȣֻ۱ӡˡ
ҶðյĳԣճɹɵĴۣǳԼһ߻
Ĺ֮ΪԼĻǾĴֱʣȥš
ɱ
Ҷ쳣ƻʥ⣬ӶȭǿӲһˡ
׼ǰδеΣҶηҲ˼в
ͬʱĴͬʱ֣Χʱ׽⣬ƣӦ

ٵĲɱ£֧ţȻ䣬׼ۡ
ɱ
Ҷȣֵꡣ
κｻ֣˽⵽Ƥ񣬷ˣȴܱҶ꣬ս
깲ǡÿԹ꣬޷شҲܸŶֵжϡ
䣡
ŵۺ֣Ƭ׺ˣƺҪع硣
׼ͷɢſֲദˣѪģ׹¶⡣
ѿһĹλ׼ۡ
䣡
λĴ۱ɢʧһƬ⣬֮С
ɱ
Ҷƣ޾ΪԴγһŴ֣׼ѹ¡
ûǹһɹ⣬ü䡣
䣡
ﱩŭƴֿ˫ȭһȭɵĴ֣һȭҶ
飡
Ҷ֣˱ˣѪģɭɭҷɡ
ȻҲͷԼһľȫעڻǹ֮ڡ
꣡
ǹʹֱӶ׼۵üģʥСܶˡ
䣡
һ׼۲ҽţвϷ˫ֱԴ˿˿ָð
һߣǹü֮׺л˸ΣصҶߣػɢ׺е⡣
һ˵Ҷ˿ܷǿһ̺еľ̻編
ң𶼴ȥˣһеУ
λʧҲûг֣Ҷ֪ٿˡ
ٵʱ֮ڻɱǿ죬һʧɱˡ
䡪
̫䣬̫𾫣ͼлɲǼ佫׼˽̿
Ҳģ
󷢳һ˿΢Ĳ󱻼𳹵ճޡ




2139 ʤ
ˣ
䣬Ҷԡ׹⣬մ֮ϢתѪҺгһ׼۷ѵѪ⴮
׼ֲ̫Ҳκһ˶ɡ
ʴԵЧһ˿Ϣ֮
һ˿ĴϢ֮ͦ˹ûбɱ
ҲܵشԴĥ˺ܶ࣬
Сô
Уһ߶Կ٣һߺһµԡѪɱͬʱעҶߵ
ֻϲλ׼۶ڹעˡ
ȻҲм˼ϣҶܹͦסնǿΪҵʤһЧֲϣâ̫ʢ˵Ĺâȫڸס
˻ϣҶܹʤģңǶҶһäĿĳݣΪؿɲնɱ죬ٴ漣
˵ǵĿУҶվû£еУҪһ
˵꣬һſڣֱӽ븹УԪطĵĿռ֮С
ǹȻ
֮Уؾǿеǻȫ˽ȥԼܡ
ˣ
ſһֱӽ׽븹Уӳյȫͨอɱ档
һս˵Ҷѵһս׼ʿͻƣٵĻһսĺϡ
һսҲ˾ӣȻ׼ۣҵʵԶԶ
ĵɲ⣬֪жǿ׼ûг֣
˵һεĺڰҷֲͬܿһκڰң嶼пܸ塣
Ŀǰǲܷһǲ˿ֲɨǿգֻʧ룬ò㵽ѡ
ǣЩԶԶռȫȻиǿûг
㲻λŻʣʵҲС
Ҫǿ
Ҷģ̤·ѾܻͷҶԨΨǰһжȫڽ£һ·Ƕ̤Ͼۡ
һ֮н֮
żһս֮ǰ֮⡣
ҶǣΪУȻǵ壬ҲĨɱû˿
ۼһǿԱ꣬ﹲͬ˻ǰį˵ﲻФʹߡ
ˣ峹׳Ϊʤ׳һ
ô
϶ģ
ǰǿ޲Ҷĺ⣬Ҳоͺڡ
֪ˣͲӦȥҶ
ֻǣ̫ˣѾ޷ı䡣
ٵĽսҲβ
ǿ£ƵʯǳƬƮ֫ϱ۸ǵǣһЩ˵ʥ׼۱ƬǿһɲҵϢ
ʵ׺Ѿܾ֣˺ܴʧ
׼ȫɱϲҲˣЩս
˵һսȻ磬ƣʧͬС˵ɱһǧ
ڻɱȫ׼֮󣬲ս׼ȫ֣ͣ׼֮µǿսĥǡ
ûоսˣ֮Ϊǿߣ
ɱǶõĥ¡
һεķսʤӭһѵõʤ
ӮˣӮˣ
ܶ˼ˮһʤ֮ףǺܶѪģ
ɨսսӢȥᣬ͵طգκϢ
ҶѾɳΪͳ˧࣬зһλߵϣĸԸߡ
彫Լս˵ʬһᡣ
ҶĬȻȡһ̳̳ƣǿգսӢꡣ
ʤʦҫع顣
ʤȷȫ𣡡
Ϣˣ
Ǿأףⳡ֮׵Ĵݡ
ȻҲһЩȻˣΪǵļս䣬Զȥˡ
Ϊʤеһֵõġ
ҴܵߵӭǵǾƽʻ
񼣣ֱ񼣣
ſ֮λ֮Ȼûвսȴйעţδʤٹ֮ǰǱ֪˽ɵ÷̾Ϣ
Ҷϲ
һ֣ҶأϲȫӮǰδеʤ
Ҷѣ
Ҷǫѷ˵
ú󣬹ſֻ֮֮Ҳ׷Ҷ֮顣
ǺһսûҶĲ֣Ĵ󲿷һ֮ɱ죬һսĽܿһӡ
Ҷʥ䣡
Ҷʥ꣡
ٸߺҶǵ죬ûҶǸĴʤ
вѾʧǿԻعԼǣؽ԰ˡ
һУҶģûҶûǵĽ졣
һ̣磬ߺҶ֮ﵽ˶㣬ΪĿоԵ䡣
˻ϲȻ˲ˬ
ܸӣǺҶ֮䣬Ȼ˵һЦʱٵˣϾҶնɱλŻӣʵ
ңţ籾ԴӦΪһۣ彽Ի͡
һУҶȡ
˵ǲԸҶ
ȶԣɽ֮Ǹˬ
ԭ룬Ҷ֮٣ȻᱻɱΪЦҲΪ干ͬĳˡ
Ϊȼ֮ټ֮󣬱ɳΪϣ
˭룬ҶȻתս֣һٻȫߣһûܳȥ
һ£ҶֱľܶԴǵǿ߶ΪδĴۡ
һ֮ǰƶùԼΪЦ
һֱ̣Ƶ˼㣬һѪ
Ϊףʥԭʥ칦вδս͸ˡ
úҶҪ硣
һƶ
Ҷ¡˵˫֮ҪۣȻ֮͡
ŷ׷׿ţǰԭʥظ硣
Щѡɽδսгźͼһʧѵ
ûȥҲûȥǣֻѡ˱չأ۲Ĳ
칦൱֣ɽ֮Ĵɳǿǰ硣
Ȼǲδεķսûǣסɽ֮ҶҲѹšҵ棬ҲͲкĴˣԣǶĴ˻൱صġ
칦һֱ죬ǾйԼֿЦԭʥһƬǽ塣
ھ۱˶кǿ֯칦ԭʥ̱þ
ϯ۷׷ȥҶվɽ⣬͡
Ҷʥҵȸˣؽ԰ܷҪ򣡡
ܶҶǣͬʱһڴ˵Ԥף֤ɾʹλѹڰңɱ
۶˵̫ңԶ
ҶЦ˵а˸֣㣺ŬʵʲôվʵǸҪġ
ţ
۵ͷΪȻ




2140 ·
ҹʣ
Ѿܾûпǿˣ֮ǰȫɱ֣ϼӽ䱸
ﱻȫߣֿ͵ҹˡ
»ˮĹǡ
ֻǣԭǵҹգһƬɫҹĻܶǳ֮ǰһսлٵˡ
ɢԭʥָֻյ
˿̣ԭʥ˲¡ܶɢ޶롣
ЩУҶվҪ֤ɵ۵ģ˿̼룬涼Ժߡ
ֻǣԭʥزǿͽҲֻ̾
Ϊҹɫƽ˼־ס
ɽͻֵӰУҶϻ˲ѵõ
ЩҶһֱæкϻá
ȻжǣϻȴԹԣһֱڱĬĬ֧
⣬ϻ£Ҳħ岻һĵط
˿ѵĥ£ϻϵˣһӺݻʥ࣬·ʳ˼̻һ㡣
ľӰȻûκνǵȴʱ޿̲ڽ֮УָоֻᣬԴ
ǵһɽ壬ҹ£ҶϻڻУϯض°ͷļͷһ
ôأ㿴СһӡҶ˵
ܹܵϻøеСȥˣϻõСֻ΢΢¡𣬿Ӿһʱ䡣
߸Ҳ˰
Ҷ̣Ǹоϻûκ޲ԲٵСһﾾ
ϻ˫죬ߵ˵㲻ڵҲ˺ܶżݹżأܺһ콵ʥˣǵĺӽضܿܳԽŶ

ҶЦðڴţҪܳϵҲСгϢˡ
˵ԼӵģϻֵİҶһַۣ顣
ҶЦţϻõ磬һǿա
עҪΪףҲڴܳ㣬ֻϣδܿ飬ǡϻҶĻУ˵
һԡҶͷ󣬵ᶨ
һ㣬Ҹ
ϻ˵ţ˫ֹҶĲӣҶҶУһĴҴܡ
Ҫ𣿡
ҶķӦϻŲ촽ЦŴ룬Ķˡ
᲻˵ӣ
Ҷȴĺӡ
û£ҲżĻӰ쵽
ϻŤӣոˣǻһ㣬˶컯ˮˡ
Ҳ˵ҲãСȥ̽һ£Ͻ𴲡ҶһЦ˵ֲһ󷨡
㻵


ԭʼſ
һأبôߣɡ
һλҪһ̽ˮҲûзֱʧڹſ֮С
񣬹ſ֮ɼأ˸Ҵ
죬ſڣٲȻһɾ
ҹǻˮ»͸ɱʽĿ
мصԭʼſһƬصĿռ䣬ǹſؾ
˿̣ؾдаſֲǺ·Ҫ췴һ
ͷүأүҪͻˣ
ؾ֮УƽСУǧƽɵĳһ㣬΢һޱ߷ơ
ԱߣһСɽ˫һ㣬ɢɫâɣ˸ŽĹ
ΨпȸΪΣû¶壬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ɽ
ޱϾޣƽ֣Ȼôǵһƽ׼۾
֮󲻾ãҲﵽͻ׼۱ݵٽ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ȸҲɢǿʣҲͻƵĹؿ
ȸ˫ϾǴޣޣܹΪٶҲƿֲˡ
׷ߣǱĬٶһҲ
ϴҶʱһһ裬󲿷ʱ䶼˯
ſؾУʱٺʵͬټŨԪ͵ۣǿ鷲ʱ䳤Ҳܱɾ𣬸οˡ
䣡
Żƽһڿһǧһ㣬Ц
ţǺͿȸҲ˳ɢǿϢ
ȥɽٰɣ
ſ֮һӣֱӽƽֱС˳ȥ

ƦŵһӣҪһֱͨӽ˺ܵ˼㡣
⣬һƬгأ׼۽١
һڣƽһɽϣ޸֮û뿪еĿǺͿȸ˶ɽ١
Ǿͨƣϣʦ֣׼۽ȻðԸԤٵĻδͦ
ջоյĶɹˣ죬ʵһأԵøˡ
֮󣬿ȸ׼۽Ҳˣǿ£ԡǻԣĵ޸塣
Ƭ֮󣬿ȸվ𣬺ͻƽһ˺գֱӽԭʥϿա
аƵĴʦǼûʲôҲӲ֤˰ɡ
֮ǰĲǳģǼҳ㷹ʱǧҶ޲ñһ١
ڽԭʥصһɲǣƽͻȻһ£Ժгһģļ䡣
ǰļ䣿
ƽɻ󣬾òʵǰļĻȻ˴󲿷ּ䣬ҲӦģɣ
·
ƽһ㣬ʶ˵֡
ͻȻʶһģļ䣬пǰս·ĳЩƬΡ
·į·ڳֻڶս·ǿеһԱ
Ľߣ뵽ʲô
Ƕ⣬Ȼƽ˵ĺܺǱ׽ˡ
ûʲô
ƽҡͷֻһЩģļƬΣҲ֪ζʲô
ƽԸ˵һҲûʡ
Ϊţǿ˵ĻƦԲģȻԸ˵϶ǻû׵ĵطҲͲǿˡ
ǰԭʥء
޹ʱԭʥʵȻⲻһף
ҵθүôֵ飬ôûϣ
˷Ĵս֮󣬰Ǵض㣬Թûͻơ
Ҫүڣ֤޵
ƦҲ󣬴ش
Ψпȸû˼ڡ
ˣ
ҶЦһƣȴףͻƵʱøϴս٣СĶࡣ
ˣôҶѯ˵
ʥĽˣ˵ǲ١ȸ侲˵
ûĻ⼸죬ҲͻˡЩΡ
ͬڷܣ˵ȫһϡ
Ȼ٣ŬҲǳġ
·У̸۵ʱؾеһХؾ
Ҳﵽٽ㣬ͻˣ
һΣûڣſֱ֮Ӵؾ֮ţ֪ȥɽ١
׼۽ٷǳֲȴǶһʵõĿ飬޷ֻܿɽԼȥգȥҷ
ͷһֱ⣬һƬǿ£ͷԼһһ
䣡
׽ٽ£һƬ׺䣬ֱӽûٵĺС
УҧأıԵǻ
ʱԼֲȥˣܻһ֮
Ȼÿʱ뵽ҶӰ·ڸסǿ߱ߵ·
֧һֱûз
Ҳ֪˶ãȥʱǿ£һοľû˿
䣡
ǻˮк£ˢ塣
أˣʼһƤ䣬ǿ˸ʥıԡ
ˢ
ȡһ·ϣгϲáжҶĸм
ִѴԼ׼۽٣ᱻһٻҡ
һϿգԭʥأ紩Խռһ㣬ԭʥصɽǰ


2141 һ
Ƶ
ԭʥصʥУŮгУ˵ЦһƬЦ
λŮɫ죬ǧ֮ɫ
ʥ͸һϮʤѩȻַ
ϻ̬ɣһһ޲ǣɴ壬͹Գˡ
ӲҪȽϵĻɽϵѩǲʳ˼̻ŮϻþжڣȻħŮ
Ů죬ȴദǢ۲ѡ
ҹţҶ䣬ӡ
Ϊ
Ŀд飬вεĳݡ
Ҷ壬ȫİս˺£ֻŨŨĽˡ
ʲô𣿡
ȫҶҲ׷΢Ц˵
ҪʲôĽ
˵ţһ߹ȥһ˫˪ѩźۻҶķŨŨĿ
㴽Ҷҵǡ
Ƭ̣ϢЩˣոֳų죬鵽˼㡣
ϻöкˣҲ󣬴һӣ𣿡
鶯ţܷܷѾȻ䣬͸ץסҶġѱ
䣡
ҶԴһ˷·𱻵ȼһ㡣
ǰոպϻôսһΪϻñϾźӣҲ̫Լ
Ͷͱﻹ̵סǿʿ쭡
ǷݵһҲҵһ˲֪ƣ룬սһҹֱǲŸ˯ȥ
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ֱϸմһͣǲŽ
Թͣعſȡʵܹһ𲢼ԵС
Ҷףʧ̶ܴǵĴ⣬Լ˸ֲ
Ȼĵ̫ˣƮĴ½֪жǿ߻ûг
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ڰǺƦСֱӾܾˣͷҡ˹ģ˵ʲôҲȥſؾˡ
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ԣٴη˵пĺڰҲŸտʼ֮ǰССֶѣе۷սýʱܹ⡣
첻ǰӣҪ룬ɽѵģԾɻӭúҽʽرɽʱû֪ͨǡ
Ȼɽ֮˵ЩΣѾûжԸˣѡ޼ҶһЩţ
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ԲưոݵģδսӲпᣬһֱû֤ɵ۵Ļǰǡ
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һΣûֱͨӽԭʥϿգǿĲ̾Ҷ
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Ĵ֮ʵˣǴ֮ǿսǳֵĻҲ˲ˡ
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غţҶһ̾
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2142 ֶٴν
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Ǹ߹壬Գͼ壬壬ΪһͼԼǲɵġ
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2143 Դ
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2144 սף
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ſ֮΢΢һЦŭƽ˵עһʵҶû֤׼֮ǰն׼ۡ
ϴηһ֮ƴ˰׼ۡ
սبδУΪ޵ľۣʵҲ
ԣҶΨһϣǽȥûκϣˡ
ⷬඥúܶ˲Ȼ
ϸ룬ſ֮Ļ޵Ҷһ·Ϯνǿǿһһ漣
ԶĲ˵˵ϴΣҪ˭ȫʤȫأ
սף
ϲɮܵȷѧԺӵҶսһѪ
һ
Ҳһ
ң

һʱ䣬ħڵ׼ۣʳĵ̡˾ռ塢̫ʥص̵ȵȣȫڣʾԸӵҶսһһ䡣
䣡
ս죬׷ҶǿԼж߾꣬Ҷ¾
龰ЩҡҲ׷׸ޣᶨսףսһѪҲύҶ
ллҵΣ
ҶԻɷһȻŵùңұ֤ҵΡ
ʯͷԼĽţɽ֮оԼֻϷŵĺӣϴ˰죬ûյκЧ˵˳Ц
һʱ䣬˫ĵ˼㣡




2145 ĵ
磡
Ƹǣսף繲

֪Ϣ첪Ȼŭһһǡ
û뵽徹Ȼģֶ֮ƵļƲˡ
ܿƽǸֳһĨ̵Ц⡣
˷ӦҲ֮У
ûڱŭʧȥǣǿķ
ΪóܲʮɱɣǿĻȻмʧ
һǲȫûѵν̣ϸޡ
һΣǹʮ׼ۣˣһ˰ճµظ꣬͵͵ǰҪͨǱ硣
Ǵδ磬Ӧϵ뷨
ӲĹǣѹơ
ȻܹǱ룬ӦϵĻָտơ
һ类ƣҲûκˣͳһͼҵʵ֡
ˢ
һƬ⣬Զ޾ϵͼ͵͵Ǳͬ顣
ˣ
һǾ⻪ӳճ׼۵Ӱ
һǿߣһɱڣŨϢһǿеʹߡ
ߣǱôˣʵ
Ͼ͵ˣǰǿˮɫǳǵ򡣡ߺٺһЦһ촽¶ѪЦݡ
ɴ⣡
춣Сȴһּصĸо
İɣܳʲô£
߲Ϊ˵Ǹ˵ǳԪݽߣԪǴ˵һֱ̧ȫĨɱ
˵䣬Ǳ㽵ٵ˵̫Уųǳ
һ̣ϵ̽ҲͲ׽ǵӰˡ
ǿ߽٣بδУܵס
һ̣Ҷ磡
ܹԶģǼǿʿ΢ĩʵ޷֮⡣
һ죬Ļ̻̣·ĩһ㣬زϱ
ھ޴ѹ£˵̰˽ıԱ¶ţǷ·һ㣬ϵĴ

һ֣磬Ŀ꣬ǰˮɫǳ
䣡
һȣֱӳ˵Ĵ㣬·ʯ׹һ㣬Ҫȼ
໺𣡡
ţɱĽɱ
Ҳͬ鷳ڵĴУһɱȻγɣֲ
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ߴţ߾ȫֿҪٵ
̫յ֪̽ը˶٣ֻٲֻܱĻ档
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Ҷһ㣬ڰ칫ⲽѵ̺ˣҲûʲôð취
ԣ߲ƣҶܹߣ֪ǿ˶ٱ赲
г˵ȫ׼ãֻҪǽ٣͸䣬ȨƴˣҶ껷ݡ
ͻȻ뵽Ҷǰ£˵㹻ʵԱڣ֣ʵ
ڶԶӵľΣҶ껲δ˵Ҳ֮٣ʵڵסĻֻܹעһˡ
ڴʱͻȻһҵĲڴ£ֳһƬص磬ɢ
ˣ
·ˣɢֲɱ

һոճ㣬ûô±һͷײɱ֮У˸·ֱӽʳɷɻҡ

һﱻɱֱ֣ӻΪһ̯Ѫ
ô£
ô
׷ʲô
ﾪʧ룬ɱǣûüң׹˸ǿɱ֮С
λӵ߳Ĵµĺ֣ΪԴ߶ȱĵۼɱ󣬵Ǵ١
ϢΨһɱý飬ôͬʱ٣Ũ˲伤
ɱУѾʧ˽֮һǿߣò׳ɱķȴû뵽иֲɱء
꣡
һɱӹֱӽʮɱʬ嶼ûȫˡ

߾ôҲû뵽ĲΪﵱ壬Ǳ磬ͳһİҵȴû뵽ûٵ򣬱Σ
Ĵɱһȫ漤൱ڴ٣ǹŻʣͬĴۣơ
̫ɽɽ롢ɽɽ
һɽȫһʵһ㣬ϸ죬ɱֵ
ϣ⵽˵ͷһʱȦˣ޺춯أŵõϲҰڵϣʺ
쳷
죬ͨǾĿһУú󼹱
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̶ֱѨ
óȻ룬ʮһҲɣֱǸӣһ޵׶ж˶ġ
ϧѾˣɱҽϴ˷
ÿһҽУζһﱻɱɱ
˶ɵˣһŸ߿գˡ
ֱɱûָӣû򣬽ƾص磬㽫ɱڵ֮⡣
С˵û
һĻҶ껵Ҳ׷ˣ˵û㹻Ա
ңûɱĻΣˡ

߲Ϸ˼㣬޷ѣɱ·һ޴ḥ̂ĥӡ
ˣ
ʹı۾úߺȥûһ⡣
ģǸӻҪ
ɫϣҧгݵķݣҪµʬΡ
̫ˣһֵܣǧӢôˣû˿
Ϊµ֪Ĵۼɱ󣬹ء
ǧľӢĴۼɱǰһ㣬һ
Ƭ̣ǧﾫӢȫɱʬǳɻңŨϢɱɢˡ
ҪûƵɱ󣡡
֮ǰ߷΢ǵĻʾǣĴۼɱ󣬳ǹŻ޽⣬˱ˣǸӣǸԶҲ޵еġ
֪ˣߣ㰲ĵȥɣһѪϴΪ㱨𣡡
ǾٹۿΪ벻Ѿûˣ߱
ߵҲǣӵǱļƻвͨˡ
֪Ļ̫ǲ֪ж˻ڵɱ֮С

ɢֲϢúܶΪ֮𾪡
ϴ󣬷ʲô£
׼۸Ӧ쳣׷׻ѯʡ
ˣ
ޱ˵Ĵۼɱ󣬳ǹŻƣԣǱļƻȡˡ
ʲô
׼۴󾪣Ȼʵǿģȴͬ㣬û뵽ʦδȻ˵ɱ֮Уʵҡ
ԣҾˣֵܾ֮ǿ̤ƽ磡
ɱ죬ǿ




2146 ɱ󹲴
ˣ
Ͽոֳ޾硣
ɱ󳹵׼ɱ֮⣬ɱò񷶼ҡ
ۼɱ¶ɱ֮شĥһС
䣡
ǿʼˣλ׼ȫһԴ񷣬ֲĻϢ硣

ûжĻоӢԭʥؼᣬ˫۾Ҷ
һ̣Ҷʿľ䣬еľ
ҶʲãϳеΡ
վյϣ˫䣬ȻȻɢһȺ׵ķɡ
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Ҷʩɡ

Ǵ𣬻ֲս⣬׼Ϣ¶š
ʱԲܲҶ̨Ȼݺ
ңʮɱ󾭹ĸĶûֵĻ˻治óȻݣܻܿɱķɡ
ʮشۼɱȻǴԲõģҲСһɣҲһ
ǰǾ𹬣ͬ߶ɱ
ã
Ŵ󺷷𣬻ֲķһѱ
Ȼ֮ʣǶҶİţհǵָ㣬Юʮɱеۡ
ǰµľŸۣݻ죬ɴɱ
֮ǰҶҶܴݲá
»ʳ뿲һԽ׳أҶĿɨʳ
ˣ
ʳǰӣԺͣͬ߶֣ɱеĿλãԴ
ǰ˻ӡǬ
ħǰħ

Ҷһۣ˷飬׼һ飬干ִͬƣ߶۱ǿɱ
֮ܶһ仰ǾǣϧһдҲҪ赲ɱ֮⣬ͻɱķ
һĻĿᣬмĽ԰
ҶڳɳˣԶһ棬忹ˡ
෴ȴĬˡ
һʼǱˣһֱҶҪأջؾںҵһС
ȻûɴҶһҫ޹ˡ
ֱڣܶʿ̸ʱἰǣһıġ
ˣҪеĺ
ʥ̾˿𲻷޵ı顣
ҺܶɫӣҶ߸ϣͳ壬ָǴζƿζӡ
죬Ľʡʡչ¶š
ʱҶԶԶûнҶ
ȻҶȴʸûˡ
УҲһֻϰɣɬ롣
Ҷİţ嶥ǿ½ɱ֮УڰԤ۴۱ȫ߶ʱʮɱд۵Ϣ
䡪
ҶͰйָˣһ룬ص磬ɱһС
ۣ
һ͵ﱻһƬɫУ˲仯ΪŧѪնڷ
۵
һ׼һߣſ³žճĻ֮⣬Ӳʮɱ
ıԻ⾵ʥɣճ⣬նɱ顣
һΣ־ڱصãһʥڤ𣬵۹ǼɣȻŻʱҲԲС
ۣ
⾵һˣȻһѪɱһ󶯵Щȡ

ҶԸɹϵһ켸׼ۺһ𣬽빬˵һ߶ӣ⾵
Źż۱ɱһΡ
Ȼʵ̫󣬼е۱Ҳ޷ƽֻʮɱ͵۱֧š
׼ۣȻʵβ룬ҲԱʵǿ
ټҲбһʼ쳣ǼѪˣƴתɱ
Ҷɱݺ۳ңҲֻն׼µ׼۾ҲΪ
໺𣡡
һȣȻдϢֳһǵɱ޵УһɱƵĥһƬ
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Ŵ󺷷˹ͬ߶Ӳɱʮ
䣡
âײռ˲ˣʱҲɱγһֲĺڶ
ۣ
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һͬһܡ
Ҳܣûﵽ׼۾ģ޷߶ǧɱ۵
ϴĽߣȥ֧Ԯ
ǾвӦΣһʱ֪ƽͿȸɳȥЭŴ󺷷ˣͬС
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ۣ
Ѫϣǿ׻߶۱Ӳ׼ۡ
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ʮɱ͵۱϶ס֣ǻʲôϣ
ʧȥʮɱıֱӱ¶Ƥӵˡ
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𣡡
ɱ
ɱ󹲴
һˣ
ǿߴţ׳ңܶѡȼձԴ̤һ·ҲҪԼԼĻǵסֵĲ

Ҷ챯ХѪʲ죬Ϊʲô
ʮɱ᧿Σһ类ĥȻоż۱ศҲǵס׼۵ǿ
Ϊʲô
ǲİ
ϲɮܡϡ۵˷׷ŭ
ʮɱ󣬾ż۱ټʮһ׼ۣȻǵס֣Ǹô죿
ڲĻ̻̣˵ϣҶϣǵסǿ彫׸عţҲκˡ
Ĵ۰Ϊһսɣ
֣̿ʱ壬ѹڰҵǣѪ
ȻѾû˻ŵĴۣΨоۻţȴϳһ֮ǣסŻʣ
ΪʲôⲻǴۼɱΪεס׼ۣҶ˫۳Ѫʵ

ǳ̾һǴۼɱûϾǴԲõģۿۣȻе۱ļӳ֣Ҳ޷ﵽĵۼɱ
˶٣Ǽ˵ҵǿĴȣвСĲģǴԲõɱ󣬳˴֮⣬ƽ⣬ٶľ׼Ҳ޷ƣֻϧ
˰ǵĻǿͷһһĩռٵӰÿ˵ͷ
ʮصۼɱ;ż۱϶޷ĽŲǸúȥδӣ


2147 ۱
һʱ䣬Ʋÿ˵ͷ
ƴһ
֮ʣÿ˵ѪԶţ˸žĹâ
빲ս
սһѪ
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Ƿŭ𣬴ս׵ľġ
ʵϣԶܺͽģֻҪȻǲݵĽ֡
֣ͱƴסǽʧȥı
ΪΪϣǱ뽫ﵲɱ֮⡣
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ĹͣۿɱƣǸ˷ܵҽУһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬͵һͿ
ʮɱ᧿Σʱпܱơ
ܶ׼۶Ѫһ۱ˣɫ԰׵ˡ
ÿ˵ͷ
䣬һս䣬ÿ˶ҧ֡
ΪǺزסϣǾҲտˡ
ȫ⣬ڰҵսκ
꣡
һնգư
ۣ
Ŵ󺷷еүү뷢ţ³һڴѪٰʴ꣬ڷ

硭
λ˴Ŵ󺷷ͬ㣬䲻ֵܣȴֵܻҪףһ֦ͬһһپ٣û뵽Ȼսˡ
ȺûԵ
Ϊ𣡡
ƴˣ
ʣŭ£ƴһ߶һɹ⣬סĹơ
оھͺˣ
ʱʥź˵һֱԾûջعڻ
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ɱ
һǧǿ߻ɻңŨϢһ븹У·ʮȫҩһ㣬սĵ˲䲹ػص۷״̬
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ڴʱȸգһӽ𿪣һĵâ񷶼ˡ
ˢ
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䣡
âײӿ·ĩһ㣬ɽ顣
һ˲䣬֪жܲסֲĲ
ǺȻֻǵâײನѣѾԵֿԵĻһɱһɣ
ˣ
˻ӡҲˣƿأ뵽ս֮С
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һ۱׷գ𿪣赲֮ǰǽ硣
ż۱ȫգֲĲ
۱൱ڴһԷӳһ
Ȼ֮⣬۱в̶ͬȵˣۿۡ
˵ܹѾǳѵˡ
۱
˫⣬עƾҲң
۱־塭
һЩϴκڰҵϹŶᣬй򵹣۱ܹսʤ
ΪЩͼ壬ֵ𣿡˵
Ҳеĵͼ壡Ӧ
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ٺ٣
ЦϸԪǿֿܵǶδָƾʲô赲ǣ
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ˢ
Ҷ紩Խռһ㣬һߣֱӽ˿ڵ֮ˡ
ۣ
ƦˣһԶƽֱָӽһԴ鱬ˣ걻һﵴɢױ
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ǿ߾ûôˣ䣬ν᧿Σʱпܱͻơ
һ̣û⣬ȻûʵҲΪսǿ
һɿֲ֧ǿƴֿڴսʧ
𵽾Եģǵ۱;׼۵Ĵս
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ս£ΪսɢϢΪԴԴĲ
һȣʤ
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һ̣˶ΪѾûκϣˡ

Ҷ˫۳Ѫһȭһո
׼£ûκһܽһȭ
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ҶɻʱһƴͻȻ𣬴ƬһЩСֱӱˡ
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ʲô
ô£
ʲô
𶯣Լͬͣɫͫз־Ĺâ
ͬʱ֮ؾУɷѿһھ޹״ɷгɲǼ˺գʧ




2148 ɱ

һļž
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һɹ⻮ʣ·Խʱգ̫Ŷ
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ʬѾʧȥ꣬ᱣǱʬɱˣǿɾ̫ԩˡ
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餵ĸӷƯǿ£һƤӹƮ뷢ȫΨû˿Ѫ⣬ȫһƤ
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ˣ˶֪ˣھ޹ףƤǧɱġ
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˿̣壬Ըȫǧɱһϣϣԡ
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ǧɱ۵ƤԸļӳ£
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ܶᣬǧɱֻʣһƤȴҪʱˡ
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ϲĸԸķڵأԸǿˣÿ˶ǧɱ֮
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޾׼۷֯һһɥѹ£Ҫǧɱ۵Ƥͬһɱ
ǵɱﵣԭʮ׼ۺɥӣɱŻʡ
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ϧˣɥȱʧһ֣ȻԾֲܿѾۿۡ
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׼ۺɵɥӣǰ߹һն顭


2149 ɱ۵ķ
һĻ棬۹ȥ꣬ǶǣǧɱԼݡ
ȥأֻʣһƤǴۣ׼ġ
ǧɱۣսһ
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¶ɫ˶һѹ׼ۣǺεȵķɣ
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ǧɱ۵Ƥޱ飬ɱÿﶼǶڴ۵ķˡ
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ɫұ䣬ӹµµתûˡ
˿̼ϣݲ࿼ǣǺܹ֮棬Ȼǧɱ۵Ƥˣ;ǻȥ
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һ׼۴ֱӳ֣һìΨһ⣬磬ǧɱ۵üġ
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ܶ׼ۺȻɫֱǾɱǾ޷ֵֻܱɱɻҡ
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λ׼۵һ⾪ޱȡ
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޾֮⻯ɫ棬Ҫǧɱ۵Ƥճޣϵһкۼʧ
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Ȼһжͽ͵ģǧɱһϣֱӽ߬סбųѪ
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ûûԥǧɱ۾飬һѽǿ߬ΪһѪ˲Ϣ۷ĥɿա

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ɽ֮ҲȻɫ䣬磬ܸӦ۵Ĳֻһָ߸ϣһĴڡ
ڴǰССеһ
һ죬Ҳܵپۣﵽľ硣ɽ֮տȻʾĵҰ
ֻΪ֤
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ô죿
ʣ׼ӱ˴˵ж˾;
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ܳʱ䣬ǲŻع纣ХһĻϯǺ
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һ׼۽߾ȫֿԴȼˡ
Ȼǧɱ۵ȭͷ£һͷͽ͵ģֱӱһȭ䱬

ӳִУ֮Ϩ
ۣ
ǧɱһָһɹ˲佫ĥĽҲȻֹһƬޡ
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Ϲ䣬һλŻʵ쵼£ɨ죬Ϊǿϡ
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2150 ּ
ɱۡ
ݣ档
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ǣ֮ǰԴɱ۵ģ
۶˲ĵͳΨɱûκδУ˵Ǿˡ
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ΪΣѵĹͷ˭ػǣ
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ڴǰ˵Ĳһֻһ֣Գ촷ۣ
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һУɡԲ졢Сʡº̩޶Ҳʸ롣
УееǴӣҲЩʲǱޡ
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2151 ڰ֮
߻ģһƬţǳ١
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Ͼۣܿ侲ƽصǾϢɣ
ţδѣҵķ緶
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2152 ׵
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2155 ɵۣۣ
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ּɺɽĴڣ۸Ѿľܣ
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ԣֻܸܰʱ䣬һ޷ȴ·Ŀ


2156 ȿֺ
ǱλʯҶ̤˻ؼҵ·
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Ҷչصʮ䣬涼ƽƺˣûٳ֡
ʮİûʹܶ˶ڱչأƴ
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ʮ䣬ܶѾ˷ǣѹ£ܶ˶˾˵ͻơ
˵ĽΪˣѾͻƵ׼죬羡˽֪
ʮ䣬Ƕȹ٣һξڲǰ
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ԺԺϲ͵ԺԺɮҲͻƵ׼죬˿νǰͻƵģһ٣˶Ӧˡ
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ʮ䣬޲ͻƵ׼۶죬ƽǴﵽ׼۶۷壬һԾΪʵǿġ
޾ޣʺҲѰܹġ
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⻹һԭ򣬾ǸĽеؾϱѾǡ
ԭʼſеؾе֮ԪŨʥغ͵ۺ죬ʱҲΪֲʮһؾʮ꣬൱ʵеһ̫ˡ
Ҷչʮ꣬ؾе˵Ѿǰˡ
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һΣﲻѣһ֣Ȼлôֵ
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۴ӵ˭Ľ󣬵аʺӹɡ
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ٶȣúܶʯһǿ߶Ŀɿڴ
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ʣ˵ԭʥػСҶŴ֣ԭʥر˵оԶʥغ͵ȣźʥҲŰǡ
ȻԭʥǱԺԺٷ֮ʮţЩţʥغ̫ҡ岻תͶţЩʲɢȴûⷽĹǣ׷ѡԭʥء
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΢΢һЦ㻹ǵϴλ֮ѯй飬ǿǼЩӵĺӡ
Ҷܿһκλ֮棬Ǵħ֮λ֮ѯйؾ۵顣
ʱδ⣬û뵽λ֮Ȼˣ⵹Цá
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ӵϹѪ׳֮ˣΪһܡ
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գЭˣѡһͬϹѪɣ˵ӵϹѪǱ
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2157 ϴϴ
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Ҷз޷ޣ࣬β˲ͻƵ׼졣
ţֻõ籾ԺϿɣɱͻƵ׼죬ʵ˦
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̫֮ǰûκĻǻܾʵǾֻһԭʿԼ̫ˡ
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ҪǣԼڷܣûڷܣȻôҲܱҶĽ졣
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ħ壬̶Ѩħ磬㽫ħˡ
λȻһǧɱ۵Ƥָ࣬ʮɱܷ֧ŵǧɱ۵Ƥ˵˵ȫˡ
뺨ţҡҡλεվֱҶƣ˵ʲôҪϴдд衣
ϴСڿ׼죬ҪǱҴˣԺҪҵϴҲһصϴ񫡣
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ʱţһԶè۴ӵ׵ϸߣݶҶˡ
ţ죬ӵϴ̫ˡ
ҶбһۣЦЦʵ
ˣ׷ˣţæЦ˵
ķˣϴϴԽСƵģм֮


2158 
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鹫ɬûκκۼһഺֻǶ˼³ĳȡ

鹫̾˿ѡˣҪеӦĺ˵ģڣ̵ᵽеĺ塣
ǵԼôĽԴʢˣܹҶùϵ㲻Ҳѡ
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мΪ˼Ҷܲ˼֮ࡣ
֪Ҷδأ˲ˡ
վڹս⣬ĿˮճյؿŹսģһѰ׹ϵӰ
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ҶߵŮ˸ǳ㣬ȻΪһǵĹǰȴû˿ơ
Ȼʮ䣬ƾ踸׵Ҳ˳֤׼ˣȻǲ̫Զˡ
ಣ
ºһӰڵƽȻ·ʥĸһ㣬ʥĹԡ
ûнɳǣֱ˺գһֱӵ֮ŵء
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սԵڱչصҶ¶һ˿οһ˿ԥ
̫ɫˣΪľ䣬ĸ׵ıԺ
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ϵҶһۣҪˣϻļ󣬿¾⼸ҪˣĲȥ𣿡


2160 
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Ԫһӿԭʥأ·һڶԪ
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֮ǰԪƽ֪ͣιʣԪǱһ㣬ӿԭʥء
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һ̣˫۾ԭʥأ֪﾿ʲôǵԪγԪ籩
Ԫ˲䲨磬ڽеĽ֮Ӧˣ׷¶ɫ

λ֮׷ݣԤס
ȻݣǷεԪ籩Ѳ⣬ƺԤʾʲô޷ˡ

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бչ֮ȫأΪﵽεȳ̶ȣأӭδǰ
ΨţûбѣΪϣ򲻵ѣ׳ء
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Ƭǳ֯ͼ٣Ҫ𣿣


2161 Ӥ
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˵Ŀ⽹㶼ԭʥء
ڰǰʽĵطٲȻĿеʥء
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뵱꣬߸Ҳĸ׵Ķѡ
ԥҶǾٽ䣬ʵڲУԼٳ֣УҲҪסϻĸӵ
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𾪵Ըӣ˫ʹС죬ûог
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ʵϣҶҲˣϻøеСһ̫˰ɣ
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絰һĻѣһװ۵С




2162 ʥ
ѣһ۵Ӥƻ
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˵ɴ۾˱˵ȻӰʮŵ߾˼һ߾ʥˣò˻ˣ


2163 ޷Խ
仰Ȼţȴ˵˴󲿷ֵò˸ͬܡ
ǰ
ǧ࣬ķ˲֪Դټϸֻ߾
Ҷĺӣһ߾ʥˣܲĽʺޣ
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Сһ۵յϴ˶һͣǱһֱɵˡ
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ҲҲСһһʥǿߣҶʥм壡
ԣӦýҶɵԤʾ֤ۣһ˫ۡ
Ҷ
Ҷ죡

һʱ䣬յϳ˲г˸㼺ΪԼȡã˭Ҳ˭ۿҪţˡ
ʱСһҶǰקһ½󣬵
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ڤȻܳҲɣ棬ǵ¡

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۵üͷĸˣԤе˲ΪۣȻܹӦͬȾĲȷ֤ˣһԤϡ
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2167 ڰʥ
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2170 
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£µҪٴγ֣
䣡
ʱͻȻҵĲһɴϢϯ档
𡭡
һ𣬲񷶼ˣ۽ٵϢƬ
䣡
ϲԷ·ŭˣޱ٣ȳµصٸӿֲ




2171 ӣ۸ϴ󣿣
۵Ϣ
찡Ǵ۵Ϣ
ѡѵţɵˣ
оˣ
Ӧ۽ٵϢʿһϲ
ʣ֤ϲԸӦˣ˿ֲĴ۽١
ٿķףţ֤ˣ˴۾
棬ɳʤö٣ȴΨţõ籾ԴϿɡ
Ҳֻпڴʱ֤
챣ӣ
棬ѡ
ٺ
һ̣ܶ˶һֻĸо
ţʱ֤Σӣ
ţ
Ӧ۽ٵϢµɫһ䣬ϳ֣صһۻʷĥ޾ơ
䡪
ɱˣ۱ԷͬӪɢɹ⣬֯һƬ赲סɱĲס塣
ضҪˣǬΪ棬ǻɺڶֳΪ˻أֲϢʣ
飡
𶯣µһħۣͽַɹ⣬ԭʥϿա
С֣Ϲͳͳȥ
µɫֻ̧ǳڻ𣬷·һƬ档
䣡
ҶһţԭʥأɽͬʱµصĴӭȥ
Ҷµһ֣ѰΧؼʱ̣ɵ׼۾ǿȫһ

µɫ䣬ֻ£ֱӽûץֱˡ
ӣϴ󣡣
һĴУţһɹ⣬ɽʥظ˵ֱһȭµأԾȡ
Ю׽٣ֱгȥ
ڰʥʾ
ʮλ׼۴󺧣̴Уһ󼦷ɹ
Ϊݣµľ٣һմȾ٣

µػһȭţĻʵɢ׹
һ̣벻һеĽҶе˽նԹ
ȻʵȴƵòԾȡ
ţȻողʵʵԶ޷⣬ȴЮ֮ǻӶòضԴ
ţȻֱӴŴ۽ȥ֮Уｫһ⡣
ʵ⣬ȴڤ̶ڤʵ򲻿ʧ޷ڤʽ
ΪҪǣԼմȾ٣
֮ǰ֮Χˣ˿پ٣δؾͿԳɹɽ١

һˣµһҧҶһơ
һŽñ޳ֲ֣ĹŻʱϢ
ˢ
Žñ޷·һ㣬ͻȻֳֿɾſѩ׵ãأֱӽڤ̶ڵս֮С
ಣ
˵ֱ˺գȥ
µǸϧ֮ˣԼıʲôҪա
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µҲҪɱҶţܿһ۾ʱͺˣһͷԶçţһ㣬˫ɹ⣬ײµصâ
·ɱ۵Ķţһ㣬Ю׽٣ֱ˺գµ׷ɱȥ
ԣϴͲУţִŵ
ҶϴҲľˣ˭ҶҶȻ»ȪҲҪ
Ҷʥ
ǿߴУĿѣԴ߶۱һͼµصâ
ͬʱԭʥصյͻȻŷһƬ⣬һĻԭʥڡ
䣡
ţ˵۱أµصâѾ˼֣ɫĻϣһȻûܹơ
ǡ
˾ȣ˭Ҳû뵽ԭʥػĵ̣Ȼܵס۵һ
Ȼţ۱âѾҲô׵ġ
ڴ֮ǰѾԭʥػҷ׼
ȻһɫĹĻȻɵ˴۵ȫһֱ˼顣
ţ
˳ԾҶҲˣû뵽ıʡ
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ô
ҶƣȥͻȻͣ˫âʡ
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ѿһöʣС
ţâţһʶʶţ
ϴͻƵִ̫٣²ǼһĶֻ֣ȡʱ䣬۵أٴſԳһ¡
ţҶʶʣ·ĺĳӣһһ䶼֮ϣ𺳡
ʱִ٣ţĻﲢֻ࣬Ǹһ֮뵽Բߣؽս
ʱĩҲ͵ˣǳµصĶ֡
ֵܡ
ҶΪжţΪȡʱ䣬䱯׳
ж֮࣬ҶѸٵǿԼ侲
һ֮䣡
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ص
գصԵΪϣ־ս
аʵˣõǵһͬ
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λΣֻһµʱ䡭
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ֻһ·ߣ
ɨȫҶ˵Ǿǣص򣬻һ
򣿡
һʲôڣ
һʱ䣬˶סˣĿˢˢͶҶϣȴĽ͡
ҵĹ硭
Ҷ˽һµʱһͷӶ۷׷ס
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ҲУѾͶ·ˣһֺηһ˵
Сޣԣҽ飬λǵȫսʥߵ۱ڲռ䣬վվ¡
˵ļҲ˵ûĻͷͷȥ׼ɣＯϡ
䣬׷׸ȥֻʱ䣬Ǳץ
ȥ֮ҶԼȻȥһˣ͸ΰˡ
ɽƽûа㲨·ˡ
ʱҶռͨٴνڵƬϤĴϡ
ţ
һһ㶣о׽ƺ˺ܶ࣬ԪҲŨѷ硣
һƬɳĮһߣɳûһֲͺƶûС
ˣ
Ҷһɽӵתʱֱ߳ɳĮһƬçɽ֡
Զһɽֱ죬ԭߵ岻֪˶ٱ
ɽּ䣬Գ仢Хʱ˻·˺һ㡣
⡭
Ҷˣ˾ޱ䣬ǵɱ⣬ϿܲſֲĵƺͷԽɱ׼ۡ
ңǰľ󣬵֪˶٣ôȥ绹Ҫ嫣
ѵǵĿɣ
²˳٣ϷſԼɨѰҸ׵ټ
˾ޱ䣬˵ز֪뻪Ķ뾡͸ȡϵ
ף
Ҷķ֣Īת
ңԾǣƺصһ£ˣ




2172 ޱ
Ҷֲ
һɨɲǼ鼰ȫ򣬸Զ
ôԶ
Ҷȣ˵޴½ȴ˰ٱֹ
ﵽĵྩֹѰʿеĻµ÷ʮܵ
󣡡
һ˲䣬ҶжϣĵԶ硣
һԵĲ࣬һ򣬾ʱʱֵĵҲѡ
ȻȴߴޣĴؾޱ䣬ʵò֣ÿһޣ൱һ
ˢ
Ҷһɽӵתʱ޾ɽӹ
سɴ磬ҶǺգһµĻ仯̶ֳȡ
ˣ
Уһ쵶һ㣬ն壬ֹϷ
ϣ
Ľһնϣնɽ֮ϣһۼû¡
Ҷı壬ȵ۱ȵ۱Ҫǿ
ҶҲľֵƷǳֲĲϱˣȻͬΪ׼ۣҲԳԲ
ǵұ̫ǿ֣Ӱ쵽ϵƽ⡣
Ҷǿи·ĸʱŴ޴½ϵġ
˿̣ĵҲ˺ܶ࣬ĻʳѰʿһҲᴩ
⡭
Ҷһɨ̲ĵʡѾȡˣȡ֮ģǸŵľݡ
Ӻࡢ졢ԥ
ྩڼݵؽ磬ųʮݡ
ݣÿһݵֲƺڲϢ
ͨѰ̱㷢֣ڸյĹУһ׸գΪ֮ơ
̫ˣ
Ҷ̾ྩȥͬʱ͸׽֪ԼϢ
Сˣ
Ҷ껼ѣ䣬̶̼ڣ˺ֹǧֲ
ǻõģͶʧȥ˿Ȩ
ˣߴУ˻֮⣬Ҳдļ
̽СϢ֪ͨޣ
Ȩ꣬ҶҲϼ޻֪ƵҪԡ
һпõԴȹԼͳΣõٴηѡ
Ҷɽ·ɳۣܿһһݣֱ½һ㡣
ҶΣܻܿᾪˡ
У֣ľȻ֮㣬ѾͻƿԪ
ԪʲôܹƾԼͻƣǷǳܿɹġ
ף
ҶһͻȻ֣µĴɫڱãÿһݵɫͬ
ݣӦɫӺݵĴǰɫģȥһֲȴдС
˼ݣ˺ɫɢŵ㣬Ĵƺ͹⡣
ʲôԭ򣿡
Ҷͣ˼˺ܾãȴ벻Ȼֻܸ̾򣬹Żĵʵ̫ˡ
úྩ˸Ҷ껣˵彫ѵϢ
ǰ治ðãںˣɽҰǣֻҪǲӻӣɣ
֪Ҷ뷨֮Ҷ껷ǳ֧֣ǹڵǧĺ£׵ĵȻҪ֧֡
ʱȣҶûжͣǵһΣСǵ
Ҷһ֮ߴȺЩļһǶʱʵˣȻҶ껱޳ĪҲٻġ
ĿѾﵽҶҲٶſռͨص磬ֲøˡ
һΣսԳˣԭʥҲҪˡ
ɽų֮磬Ϊԭʥµأκ˲Ⱦָ
һ׼ͣʱҲȥˣ׷׵˶ս׼۱ʥڲռС

Ҷһ֣ƺƵɽ
ڰǵĻ£ǲ岼ɱ֮У̤ռ֮ͨš
ɱ󣬳ҶͰǵ⣬ûܹƽ룬ߴһᱻɱɱΪŧѪ
ߵĵһҲҳȻǾ׼ۣҲսľ
ʵԽǿԽܸܵɱĿֲǿɲԷ
Ŀռͨգǽڵ򣬼ڹάɳĮУȺҶİš
Ũ
ɾ𣿡
ʤ򣡡
ܶ˶̲ס̾λʯ𾪲ѡ
ǹս𣿡
Ҷѯʡ
ǿ˺嫵ɳĮǵսпɡ
ҶҡͷûлشΪҲ֪
˵ƬɳĮֹ˹ʣ˹ʱҪº͸ѹµɳӲγɡ
˵˲ﵽҪ󣬵ûзսΪɱһӥõĺ˵㣬Ϊ˹ʷֵϴεĶú˵
Ҷݰţ嶼˸Ե֮أȻûгǹܱǿ
ЩҲ˵Ŀֱֲ֮ɱԱ
ڵҶԭĵҲͲˣ嶼İ֮
塢Լǿޣֱˮ
ϵĻǵ⡣
ٷֱ֮ǰҶԼ£Զŵԭס񣬸׼ɱ¾ԭס񣬷ɱ⡣
İɣǻ֪ܲô׷ױ֤ɧŵԭס񣬼ҪҲǵȼ۽
ڱ˹ãʱҵ֪ĸоҶм㡣
⣬ǶԽ𷢱۴ӵŷҲܸȤΪյǱʡ
ȻЩ𷢱۵ȴˣ۾һ̡
ʯҰڵ壬һɽа仧ȻĽʯͷ䡣
ں˵ˣҶߣɽ
һϼ֣ڵĵطҶԭʥˣ׼ǰ֮ǰӦزĵطһ̽
ǰҵ˵ɽȥϾס˺ܾˣɡ
ҶȻӦСǺͳĸһȥ
ڰǵĵ£ڵСǾȻҲﵽ߾۷壬֮벽֤׼ۣ񻯳ΣӢ࣬෢磬˫Ӳ֮ơ

ոմʦĸ׵ˣûȶȸһͭԭʥʱѡеĹ㳡ϣ㽫ˡ
ͭҶɵ˶һֱͭڱչأ֪ôˣ
뵽Ҷ߹ȥ˫⣬ͭڿȥ
һҪ㽫
ΪͭڻʲôҲ·һƴһ㣬Լ֮
⡭
Ҷһæ̽ʶҪһ̽
Ȼȵ鷢ˣʶ֮̽ͭţ뺣ʲôҲûиӦ
˶ͬѰҶп
ãͭȹżҵ𶦻Ҫǿ
һ֮ҶòˣΪô̽飬һͨͭɽ
뵽ҪҪ죬ҶֻʱѹºģԸ˰ɽȥ


2173 ֮
ΡΡأư磡
һɽ಻صļب֮䡣
Уܸܵۻ׳ܶɽϼɾ
ȻΪ֮磡
ɽ䣬Ҷп
δ֮ǰرһɫʣֲ˼Ĵ˵
ؾޱ䣬ɽ֮ǰٱһ֮ɡ
أ
ɽʥɽ֮ƣɫΪŨңӡɽӡٵʷǡȣܶżжмء
ǰҶڿЩصʱ֮ԱǣΪ˵ѡ
ɲˡ
ؾޱ䣬ָԭòҲչ¶ɽ֮ۻ
мأдӣԼɴ֣з˺
ҲˣݻеļأĹ˳˿Գⲻҩ
ɴ˿ɼԶŵĺļԪϱضӢűֹһλۡ
ں棬Уĵλܱܿߡ
ҶſɲǼ鼰أһһľӲĸ֪
ܿ죬ѭصһɽϿա
Դͷһ¡
ɽʣϼε֮
ɽҷ٣Ȫʯ
ɽɾһ㣬滨ޣÿһݶϼ⡣
֪ΪʲôǰɾһĻȴҶо
˵Ϊʲôֻһֱֱܵ
ã˵ؾǱϿȥͣһɱʲôƵء
ˢ
Ҷۣâֱӱʡ
У
ʺҶ̲סһ
ʲôɾֱһֲɱ
ɽеܲ֯һžóȻĻ۷׼Ҳᱻ˲ɱ⡣
һأ۾޷롣
ϣ
ҶǹԴ
ˣ
ͻȻǹâţֲĻɱֱ졣
ͬʱһɴ۵ʱҲĥ
㱼䣬Ҷ·𿴵һ۳֣ΰڷ磬˫ǳǻ۵Ĺâ
ٿ䣬ٱ䣬ΰĴ۱һũƤֲڣƣĿϻмཬ
˴ۣ
Ҷ󾪣ũӡ̫ˡ
ڵõǹʱͷ˴۵һӡй̸
ˣ
ͻȻɽеƷ·˹ҫ۵Ĺ⻪羪εҶ
ã
Ҷ󾪣ƴȫǹɨͬʱȥͼܿ
ȻѾˣ
ɫ⻪һŴֱ֣ӽסקɽ֮С
ͨ
Ҷʯһ㣬ݺڵϣֵһɶߣ˷βڵϣˤ˸߻ء
ʲôط
Ҷð۷׼ۣڵùǺ
ڵϰ죬ֱˣѪҲƽվ
ô
Ҷ󾪣Ȼ֣ԼһȻˡ
˿̵ȫһͨˣǿ֮⣬һ˸ɾ
ǡѹƣ
Ҷת칦֮£ڣֻǱѹƵ޷Ӷѡ
һ̣ҲΪԼˤ˸һжǷ˴۵¡
Ƿ˴۵ĵκ˵ﶼͨˣҲǶԴ˵صһֱ
ǿᣬȵ۱һ˵Ļпܵˤ
΢ϢƬ̣Ҷʼ̽ɽȡ
Ȼƽ룬ʹ˵ѾϿٽɱˡ
ĿĹˣҶ֣ɽԴһ㣬һϪѣɽһΪͼһ㡣
СϪϣİݺᣬɽȷΪ˿飬ֲŵ𢡢ĵȣƬҩвҩ
ɽһƢܰ㣬
ĻͨˣҲ٣ϰ겻⡣
ڲԶһʯ®ɢƽ͵ĵ
ʣǷ˴۵®ӵĵط
Ҷųʥģһһʯ®ǰƿʮ겻ʯţʯ®֮ڡ
ˣ
ո̤ʯ®Ҷǰһ·һ磬ռ޽
ǰĴϣبһɽʯ̨ơ
ϸ֮£Ҷ֣ǸǵԪϵĲ
ʯ̨Ӧǵ˴۴ĵط
Ҷ롣
һžηģӽʯ̨˳ʯ׵ȥ
ʯ̨·һ㳡һ㣬ʯ̨һʯӶµĲɣ
ҶߵǰȥµĳϿĸ֣칦
ǡ
Ҷо𣬷˴ûκεͳȴԼĵ칦
űϵַǳ£Ҷ֪κһ֣Ǻ˵еĵģ
ۣ֤֮֮󣬸ġ´Դһֶе֣֣ǵġ
޷Ķֻ깲񣬺͹űϴµӡˡ
ҶȥӴû뵽̱ɹˣűϵˮʽʶ
ˣ
һģ·һſΪ貵ǳʶ
֮ţ
칦ƪ壬شţְϾŹԣĵ
˴۲˽ҲҶ̾
ο칦Ҷٴ˻칦Լ칦
ʯ̨ϣű֮⣬
Ҷתűı棬Ȼ֣ڹűıҲ֣ˣԾÿһֶڷɵһ㣬ýֳԡ
Ҷ«ưٴ̽ԼȥʯϵֽӴ
ˣ
һ죬ҶԴ·ҪѿһϢ㽫Դűˡ
ð죬Ҷ㻺һʯϼصĶʶ
Ƿ˴۵ĳһξԾʾˡ
һ£һβ׵¡
鷢ڷ˴֤󲻾ãǸʱǵʢʱڣӢű
Ǹʱ򣬵пռͨɺ򣬾һ򵥡
˵ǸʱĵĿеʥء
Ȼֻ䷢ˣ
ڤϵͻȻѣ˵һֲ
һսʬҰѪɺӣ˽ս
˴۴ŭһ֮Żʣնɱ涼ˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣĿǵ򣬶ǽڵ硣
ʱ綼ΪҪǣ˴
Ϲ˴۵עʵȴϢĹ硣
һս羫ӢǶˣԭ½飬Ҳڵ
֮󣬵ʱ練򣬴ıݡ
˴赲ֻüɼףסȱڣסĿֲһ
Ȼʵ̫ǿˣе۱ʥɽ类һǣƬ
Ȼ˴µϢֻҪƬ޸ɼס
ɼױ֮󣬷˴۱㽫磬ɽؾԪɼס
űڲ˴飬鲻֪١
֪Щ֮Ҷűڲռ䣬һѰɼײƬ
Լ飬һ鱻˻ļףһ黹ʶи
һ飡
ɼײƬҶ


2174 ɼ
һգҶ壬ѰҵƬɼײƬϣܹ޸ɼףٷŹâ
һδ͸壬ȥһ¡
ͬʱҶŵֻҪܹṩмֵһĴ۹
ƬɼײƬҶŵֻҪţͻỤһ己ʢ
˵ˣȻúܶ˶ģǿ߼ж
һʱ䣬𶯣ǿХǺ޲ýƬ淭
Ҷвֹһۼ칦֪ģֻҪܹṩмֵɵõһĴ۹ջ̫ˡ
ȻȥˣԾûκмֵ
Ҷٵˣǿ߼ѰңԼ򴩹ռͨǰ硣
ûмȫƬɼײƬҲҪһԡ
ɣֻЩ
Ⱥɽּ䣬żҰ޵˻ɽ֡
ЩûпǵҰޣֻбܣ޷ߣֻ
뿪ɽҶֱɽ
Ӹ߿ոɽһֻڵϵľ޴䣬ͷ걳ȫȫβ
Կβȱʧһ飬·𱻹һ㡣
ꡭ
ҶִƬɼײƬתɢ⡣
䣡
ͻȻر޾ǻԣؾԪˮһ㣬ƬɼײƬӿǡ
ˣ
õؾԪ޾ǻɼײƬʱâţȼյ̫һҫۡ
ͬʱϸֳص磬һɹ˲񷡣
໺𡭡
Դͬʱһ쳹񷣬ɽ·һ㣬ҵ𶯣ɽ̳
¡¡
ϣһֻ޴両֣ϾȻһͼ
ֻϧǬԵβˣѪ⡣
ϣ
ɼײƬ⣬׷׹λȫβλ
ȻջΪȱһ飬δȫδԲ
䣡
޾Ԫƶ籡ɼ׵

ɼײƬһ̾Ϣƺδܳ޸ϧ
ʵϣҶϧȱʧһ飬ɼδܳ޸Ȼܷӳ۷ʱڵķ
ʱǹһһֻСɳĵҡҾǵƬ
һ̣·
Ҷˣû뵽ɶµС侹ȻһɼײƬ
Բ𡭡
СΪҶˣ˵Ҳǹģһʧ
ҶСдСѪǹУΪý鹵ͨǹǹĻܵõǹϿɡ
ȻȴҪС䣬ȥ޸ɼףĲ̡
ѵûбİ취𣿡ҶԺɼ׹ͨܲܲҪСʧ
ѣ
ɼ˵֣Ȼа취ʱҲˣ嵽֮ʣҲᾪҡ
ҶĬȻɼ˵ʵ޷
ĬƬ̣ɼ׿ڣΣ˵ʵҲʧҿԻסһʶ𣬴´֮취ֳһƾѪΪǡ
һ˵ԼʧСʱ˷Ҷ˵ˣ㲻ѹȻѡѾ׼СʱԸΪ˷һС
䡭
Ҷ絶ʣȻһֱûôС佻ȴһֱΪС䵱Լĺһ
ȻȴҪ͵СȻȲѣԾд
Сһֱڰο˵Լʧǻع鱾壬
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Ҷһ޲ı飬ɼ̲סð亹ҲҵϷˡ
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նļɲǷնħնһѣնǰҪѡ
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ɼ˵û˵֮Գٳٲն֮׼۾죬Ϊǣִ̫̫࣬
ϵļնϣϵļȴԱϣҪ̫ࡣ
£
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Ҷ˼ţһ£ǰѹٲά衣
Ҫ°·ߵĸԶ
ȻлЦҲˮгɹҲʧܣһеһУĲƸܸ᣿
ʦ֮׵飬ԼЩĥѵĶ֡

ȴ
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УһĻĻʱĻ棬Ļ䡣
ãɽУһͯҰ޲ɱʳ
ڣѪ˿ڣѪⷭȥΪˡ
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һתۣͯһУһֻ˵С̡
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Ȼÿζɫа۾
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ؾ䣬ܶҰ޷˱졣
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գսϵչֲֳķ񣬼ڵϣɸӦ
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䣡
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ʮۣ˵ֱǾɱ˭ʮ۵ȺŹ֮»
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ৣ
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ɲǼ䣬µݳ꣬һ飬޾õ̻ΪС

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Ҷԥֱɿ˻ǹӶȭͷֱӽµȥ
һ̣Ҷ˲ڴ۵Ϣַȭͷϣ·ܻ
飡
һѪµֱӱҶһȭĺɳȥ˼ţ׵ӡ
ǵƽһҶ˻編ȵȡ
㡭
µŭɶȻҶˣ˱
ԭҶһʼƣǹעĻӶѣһȭɱС
Ҷʥ䣡
Ҷʥս޲ʤ
ϣпһĻʿ׷״һʱơ
ȫɵˣ
û
ɵۣ
ǵ֪û׼ۿԿۣ
ǰûУûУԺҲС
ǿµնɱ׼ţͬв˿һף
Ҷƾ׼۾ʵ˳µأ
ǵľ֪
ۿһĻǾԲţ
С֣ŭˣ
µ˵üĿʼ⣬üΪ貣·һƬǺӣֲĻʵϢϯƬ档
Σ
ҶǿƻӦգ

µؿЦ絶ǿա
Цٿֹɭɭ˵С֣Ϊ˵ңͿɱң㣬ĵۻʻԶأ
Ҳĵۻʣ
Ҷĵ˵Ϊҿ㱾δԲۻʷ©ңδˣգڣ
Ҷѿµ֤ȴԲѰλ֮֮Ҳ˲
ţǲִٳأƲѶ֤ҲԲȴΪۣΪȡʱ䣬Ҳش
Ҷλ֮ţȺ֣ش˳µأƾڵʵնɱµأʵ̫ǿˡ
ʵһ죬أţ
µȣҶⲫǴ칦еҪɱҶ
䣡
ʮ·𶼱ˣһɻϢҶΧʯÿһʯ϶һϵġᡱ֡
֮£Ҷ֣ƺҪһ㡣
ˣ
ųµصʯͬʱŹâΧҶת·ĺѪһ㡣
һֹĳ棬ÿһޱӶأɢǵ·ҪҶ
䣡
£Ҷ𣬾ҵȼգ·һֽɫ̫

ҶУ˫ֱͷʹзȻҪ

µؿЦССϣҲۻԣսֲҵȱҽʵԲ档
Σ
ҶʹĴУȴ޷֮һƻȼգ׼
µ⣬ʯҶ׼֮ԴԴϵķ
˳ţò˶ãҶͻ᳹ʧȥΪļƷ
Ҷʥס
һĻ˴ļ١
Ҷӣס־ʤ
˺ʯҰҲڴΪҶ͹ľ
Сվ
ҶҲ˿ϲҶĲ״ļ١
Сţûܴ㣬ΨһܴģֻԼֻҪ㲻ԼܣԶܣվսף
ҲҶܲҶ껺ⷬϣܼĶ־
仰
ǿ
Ȼ𾪵鷢ˡ
ǿУҶڷ⣬ɵӡҲڷ⣬彻ӳ

Ҷһȣ𶯣緭ӡһ㣬ֱײһʯ
ղȻգʱҵгɹվ
䣡
ʯܲסֱӹѣȻ
ˢ
ô˻ᣬҶ긴ԭλ죬һͷסꡣ
ԱƱ
ҶӶ֣ĳһɱ޵ѪճѪˡ
飡
ϲ֣֮ҶһƽһʯֱˣǿնըˣϢ
ţҶõȭƶһƬ磬һʯ飬Ƶ˳µص
ϣ
Ҷһ֣ǹɱ纣Хһ㣬ء
ɱ
Ҷǹϣһɹ⣬Իǹȭ⣬ǹȭµعɱȥ
С֡
µŭ𣬴һƬʵ򣬽֯һžҶȥ
ƣ
Ҷһȣ𶯾죬ǹǿҵĹâ·ٵһ㣬еػˮǹת
꣡
ʵ֯ɵľҶһǹ˺һӡ
ڰ򣡡
µؼٺˣٴδһ赲ҶĽŲ
Ȼ͹ҶҪɱľģڰֱӱҶƵǹһɹ⣬ֱüġ
ˣ
ʱһѩ׵ͻȻ֣ڳµǰһ١
ꡭ
ѩ׵籡Ũҵն֮Ҷüնȥ


2179 ȫѹ
ڣ
Ҷⱬ䣬˿նԼüĵս
󡭡
һɹ⣬һֱӽµشˡ

µһҽУŲѪԶ
һĻ˶ˣ
岻ţԽܣȫɵˡ
µ˭
ǿǺڰʥʣڤʵǿڣȻһ׼۾ˡ
һ̣ܶﶼ־嵽˼㡣
ڰʥǵ䣬Ҳǵľ֧ڰʥʶˣǾΣˣǿ߾ԲŹǵġ
ȣʿǣǿϣҶǵϣ
ã
ţ˷ܵ˼㡣
Ҷʥ
һ̣鶼ڿ𣬶ԳµصôʶˣǸ
۱ӣ
Ҷʥʤ
壬鶼ϣܹ飬Ҷгµأˮ
С㣡
µɫ˼㡣
һεײȻ˱Ҷ˻ǲ̵ġ
ҲȻѩ籡Ҷüģȴûһ⡣
˵ձն㣡
ҶǿУտȻᶨޱȡ
ڻܷԱ춯صһٴشµء
ǲ뼴̽µرȭ£ףⲻʵµرϾǻʵ֣ھϳԽ
ңʣԣµزһѶԸĶ֡
䣬лл㣡
һͬʱҶԵĶɼл
ղţɼ׸ȫõģסһġ
ɼױϾųɼףȻֻܷ߳ɵķҲɷס۱һˡ
ŽñȻռŻʱϾҷɢۿۣɼ׵ķ
ʶһĻʵɣ
µһϢ䣬ʵϢɢһӿֲ˺ܶ౶
ȻеҶΪ޶𣬵֤ԼҶǿ㡣
鳡ϣܸʲôǵҶ껣һӵĳ衣
Ҷ껸Ķֻ֣֤ǿģǿµһ
ԣһʼûжȫڣ֣üпҶС
ܽܵģ֤ԼȴΪۡ
ȫ
һ̣ҶҲˣ߶ǹս
ڶüʱһ΢СԺԲƣûﵽ۾
Ǿ۸ģĿע⣬Ҫ˿Լ
꾣
ǿһɲǣǶȻǴۣҲֻܾСܳ
Դӵ֪µ֤֮Ҷһֱ˼⣬Ա㵽ʱһϲ
ݣͻ׼۾һɲǣ׽
Ϊ֤Уʮۿսƴ
˵ҶÿһɳѪǵĴۣʵޱȡ
ڳµȫԼսһɲǣҶİסϳ
߱ǹ깲֡ȭɱɢ֡
һ̣ҶĴ۾ֲս⣬ַ򼸺ȼµɱȥ
ˣ
ǹɹ⣬ǿգ·ܹ硣

깲һУնµصꡣ
䣡
ѹ죬ǳһսԶʧˡ
ȭһţȻҶδ֤Ҳһ˿۵ٳ
ˣ
ɱɢִ·ϲԵһֻһ顣
ˣҶһٱеУ궼ȼ

µشΪʵ֣ȻҲ֪ڶüͬʱһССױ
ΪҶҲ֪һ֪Ҳûãûдﵽʵ׽˵вˡ
ȻȻˣһͻȻ죬Ҷ׼׽ͻԱһ˻˾ɱ
һĻˣøεѡ
ã
ϲ˴кãսյۡ
Ҷۣ
۱ʤ
ȻҶδ֤Ѿнŵһۣڴȡ
໺𡭡
ǹһצµɱ
ͬʱҶΧֳһƬ磬ɻչᣬ죬ȸȽΧߣеһ㡣
أ
Žñ޳ֲ֣ĵ۱ϢֱҶ
䣡
ǹʻֱӺ;ŽñײһһС
ţҶɱһȭñޣֱӺµصüġ

µشУڽҪͷƫһԴܹ˾ɱǰͷ­ԾɱҶˣѪԽɢ
ֱǾɱȻҶΪۣûд۷򣬵׼۷Ҳֲ
ټϻ編ķЩȼˡ
飡
ڳȭ֮ҶһػڳµصؿڣعǾ飬Ŷȥˡ
µŭţɳȥǧԶؿֱըѪȾǿա
ﾪˣ׹һ㡣
úڰʥʣȻһľ׼۱ᣬЩɱôأ
Ҷۣ
вǿ߻˼ˮ
ҶǵģϣϣܲǼ
ɽϣϺҶ˶һۣغһڣһŵˡ
Ҷڷƻʥ⣬ֻǹֱµɱȥ
ɱƵɱɢֲĳһƬƬ򣬴Ƭ涼ҪΪˡ
ò״ľ棬֣־ɱ
꣡
գնѲ񷣬һǰ㽫µػˡ
ۣ
ɱɢ£ϲ֮䣬ѹţֱӽµĳࡣ
ǹһɱ⾪죬ϯ棬˳µüģɢˡ
ͬʱǰÿһ£дƬڽ¸ֱ֣µزȥ
չʮĳɹԴ첽ɽڽ¡
ȻֻеѣĿǰҶӲôǿôһֱӾܽµز
飡
𶯣Ҷһ£Щµصˡ
µشǱ˼㣬Ϊʵ֣ҲѪȾǿգ
ò˵̫ˣǿҶҲûܽ
ֻһξѪͿɿٸԭµб˼㣬ڿ֧š
̶һ˲䣬ѾϰٴΣÿһζıԴ־塣
Ϊʲô
һ̣µغһTMDԼһûʵ֣һۣȻҶᣬʵԽܡ
䣡
ɹ棬µٴαҶһĳСѪǿա
Ȼȴٴˣֱ˺棬˳ȥҶ׷ֱս˳
һΣ˱Դĥ˲١
ûб޳ͷԣǿԼ侲ղʧԭ


2180 նأ
Ҷۣս޲ʤ
ϱ󻶺˶棡
ⳡʤ̫ʱҲ̫ˡ
˶֪ҶƴĽҶ
Ĭˣ־ÿ˵ͷ
ڰʥǵľ֧ڣ֧ˣг˾
һ׼۾壬ȻѹŻʵֱ߸ǵ֪
̫ϧˣֻһ㣬ܽµػɱˣ
˶ϧȴûпҶΪ֪ҶѾˡ
һĻͬɽ֮е𾪣ɫֱ䡣
ҶսԤϣֱʱľۻҪǿоһ˿
С֣ǵ͹ˣ
µޱ˵㹻ǿҲݣȻδ֤ȴѾ˿ɵۻʿʵ㻹Ҫ
Ҫ㣡
Ҷԣ˿ãᶨĵشһΣشΣҿֶܼã
ֵΪֹ
µһȣǿʵƬ򶼷ˣʵǿա
ڰػ棡
µضԼ漰ʱ˵Ԫ
ƣ
ҶӶɱɢ֣ɹʮֱ˳ƬĻʵ
ȻԼҶƣɿľʧȥ˻
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ҶݻԼĵϢȣ֮ᴩ֣˲ָʱ䷨Ƴ⡣
ϳȼ˱Դսֱƴ۾硣
ն
Ҷһȣݻݻɱɢ֣µͻ
һս˶ԹҶٴѡ
ҳȫ㣡
µ𣬴ĹâƵؼ䣬ҪҶ׾ɱԾ󻼡
ˣˣ
Ҷδɵһ֤Ҳûκλᡣ
ԣȻϧһдۣҲҪҶɱɵĻᡣ
սٴα˿ĳҡ֣۾գһ£´ʲô
Ҷ
ɺСڹۿ˸һսɵø̾ǱҶ˦ԽԽԶˡ
ȻǵĲңȴĴҡ
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ħ
µؼҶѹŴֻм֮ûл֮ˡ
ŭţŽñɢſñɢѸһ󷨣ҶΧм䡣

Ҷ׷µؿЦС֣㻹̫˵㣬ħ۶׼ɣ
ڰʥ꣡
бһХĻ𶯲񷣬һɨ֮ǰľ
ڰʥʱϾǻʵ֣һ׼ۣĶ֣
һ̣ʿֻҪҶɱ壬ֻڵָ䡣
һ̣Ƿ·𿴵һδںڰʥʵĴ£Ǿɱ¾壬һͳ档
Ҷʥ
Ҷۡ
һ̣ĵ䵽˹ȵף˷š
Ҷ껺ϡ˵ᵽɤۣǲδҶĴ
Ϲ˵̫ˣ
Ҷֻʥ⣬ſ֣Į˵

µ˵޶Ҳض
˵գµشһʵ򣬼ſã籡ֲ⣬ҪҶ׽ɱ
ˣ
һ̣ҶͻȻâʢֳһص磬ԣһľӣȫ˻ȥ
ھſ֮ݺ۳ңչҵķ
꣡
ҶһʮһȭӲһôˡ
ʲô
ô
ﾪ֣š
µɫ䣬ƴʵֹҶ
ȻѾˣҶ޵УӶȭӲһôˡ
һҵ𶯣ϳ˰󣬰˿÷ֱڰ˸ͬķҶ⡣
ʱҶͻȻ¶˹ЦݣóµͷһɲԤͷ
ҶΪʲôЦ
վʲôЦ
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ã
ڳµһɲǣ˿ͻȻͬʱͻ˿ռ䣬档
һ̣ķ֣Լñ֮ϵжˣԣҶӹñޡ
Ա֮ʩ
Ҷɼ׹ͬŬĽСĸ򣬶˽ɹת
ʲô
Ĺżмأӳͼ飬ͼݰԡ
ɼϣСϣаͼ԰ԵоûбǸˡ
ټҶʱܵаӰ죬ҲĶйԡ
ɼ׺̱ͨɼ׵ͼǹͬж˳µغͰ˿֮ϵ
ꡭ
˿ͬʱ⣬һӽµشɸӡ

µزҽУüЩҲס
ӵкڰԴش
С֡
µŭһͻҪҶһóȥ
ȻûжҶϳ֣ǣ˿һײȥ
䣡
ˣǳ飬µ֮׻Ϊ˻磬ضҪػԭ㣬ޡ
ռŻʱԱܻأҲס
䣡
屬ХһĻ
ңԽĽ
ĿеĺڰʥʣȻˣôأ
䣡
һڹưгЮżξѪɲǼԶ
ߣ
ҶһûµɱۻʾȻ֮ǿ
ˢ
һʱתռ飬ֱӳڳµǰ½ס
˿̣µüξѪٴ޸ɫ粻
׿־ˣռŻʱԱ˵ıԴ˿̣ȫʢʱڵĳʵӲ
С֡
µصת˼ı֮ߡ
˿̣ٴսֻݱҶķâȬ֮ˡ
ȻҶȴ׷Ź
Ϲڣ
Ҷûκηϻֱӳ֣һȭµغɱȥ編ȭͷϣա
ۣ
ѪµرҶһȭ򴩼ͷӶ鿪
ˣ
µһʶռŻʱԱ˵ıԴѾǿ֮ĩˡ
𣡡
ĳµرֲսҪҶһ
䣡
ʵϢµزϧۣȼ˱ԴҶǰķˡ
ûõģ˵ն㣬ǽն㣡
ҶĮڣǹһµعɱ
ϣ
ʵնҶϣն֮
ۣ
ǹײڳµϣֱӽ˫ȱѪɱ뾭ĥ
Ҳģ
µشУ壬ҪӶݣֻҪܹߣϣ
ȻҶᣬһĳֱӽٴĽڡ
ۣ
µصͷ­ϣҶһ飬ԽŽѪɡ
ն
Ҷһֱֻӽµ롣
˫ݻḥֵֻ̂Ķֳһɱµصм䡣

µص꾪̴У־嵽˼㡣
ǻʵְܾˣ
̿ˡɻ
ҶĮ˫ֺһ𣬻תճֲѪ⣬һ㽫µصĥ
ۣ
úҶ˫Ʒֿһµص꣬׳ɿա
һۣ˱


2181 ȫ֮
һսĻˣ
һλʵ֣ѪȾǿգ䡣
УгҶĸ޵У׼۾죬зʵ֣ճɹһβĴ˵塣
Ҷۣ㲻࣡
𶯣ʿ磬˷ܵ˼㡣
δɵȴնʵ֣ȴҶ֮⣬ˡ
ب֮ȴûһ˿δɵ֮ǰնʵֵġ
ܹӻʵֵֻôһˣΪ˾ĸ֡
Ҷȴ˻ʵֲսʤħ䣬׼۾֮նʵ֡
ǿ£Ҷʮ޸
ǻˮӿֱӱսĵ
һսشûΣԴ޸
úҶԭʧһƬ򣬼ؾ޸
ˣ
ˣһңĿ־ÿһͷ
ָо·۷һ̤ա
ڰʥսˣȴû϶һͬ
˵ʲô˵ҶʵսԶںڰʥ֮ϡ
˵ķˣƾҶһˣɽȫ
һ̣ᵽ֮ǰ飬һľ
磡
ɽ֮Ȼ˫ۣĹâ̴ա
ôܣ
ʧг𺳡
ʵţҶ׼۾죬Ȼзϣն˳µأôأ
ȻǸһжʵµıҶնˡ
ζң
뵽ԼҶɽ֮ˣһ㣬ϵⲽ
ǳǣҶˡ
޷⣬ɽ֮粻ƺԾϡ

ʵ䣬棬߻ҲܸӦ
ڰ֮Ӧˡ
һ̣𶯣˶ףǺڰʥˡ
ôأ
ܶﶼţڰʥǵһ֤ģкڰԴҲѪͳڻʵУҲɳƵٮٮߡ
ȻȴˣͻȻúܶԽܡ
ô
ڤΪ׵Ż𾪣ŭš
ǿµţעǳư档
Ȼҫ۵ǣոѸˣǣɲ貣ˡ
һ£˭ɱ
ڤŭɶŵѵ廹дδɣ
䣡
һɻϢ֣ͬݳ˳µǮһɲǡ

ڤʾŭӣû뵽նɱµصģȻҶǸˡ
˱
ڤⲽɫ粻
ãҶֱпǣֻҪڣǳС
ٺ١
ɱ֮Уգɱ۹ڣ˲٣ɵ
ʱ䳤ˣɱҲһЩ˽⣬͸ɱӦݳĽ
֪µҶնɱ۰һˬ˼㡣
֮ǰһֱڵģµ֤ƽ⣬п˶
Ҷǿնɱ˳µأʵƽбˡ
˰ҽˣ
ۺС忴ᾪһ°͡
ĿУ۶ǷǳģЦŭ
Ȼ۽ʵ̫ˣ̼ڤʵˣǱס
ǿǺ۹⣬Уյڹе٩ˡ
ġ
ڤҧгݣ޲̽۱еԼ̼
ȻҲ֪Ҫĥۣûа붼Ҫ롣
ȻѾˣǱһĴҪǿܶ࣬ɱס綼ˡ
죬㲻ÇNɪϷھȥɱСӡ
ڤܻвۣҪȥնҶԳ󻼡
ߵ𣿡
۸Ͳ⣬̵˵ֻҪ뿪̱ƿɱ󣬵ʱǺԺ
㡭
ڤһ˵뿪û򣬾̱
ʱ綼ꡣ
ŻҲã˺ɱǿסۣһ뿪˶С
һˣȫǣϾˡ
۸ͲģµضҶնˣȥҶֻķݣڤʲ᲻֪

ڤһԱ̬ãɵôЦ
Цʲô
ڤɱ˵Ķˣ۵Цø̶
Цǣ
۴Ц˵һսʤѶȱؽʧУԴ˳׳
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ڤʴŭֱӴ߶ɱɱ
ԸķҲԸٱ̡
һ֣ŻҲͬʱֲ֣Ļʵ򣬹ͬɱ
ˣ
Ĺ餷ɹ⻪ֵ˴󲿷ֵĹ
󣬾ԼҲһƬĻɱĽɱ

ǿҶؾԪ޸
һսȻʤˣȴҲʤļգûɼףɡ
ϣ延׼
Ҷɱµأ磬Ѫڣս߰
ô죿
ʿ䵽˱㣬Ҳû֮ǰĿһ˪ӣˡ
ˣ
µڤ̶졣
ʱˣȴս
䣡
׼ߵʱͻȻѿҶɱһ㣬һֱһɱɢ֣ȥ
µЩߣ


ҽУֱӱĨɱһƬīɫѪȾǿա
꣡
ǹһǹâҶ绢Ⱥǹ浽ҡ
һյ蹦ֻһƬ֫ϱۺѪҶȫѪȾˡ
ڤ̶ˣ߽ʣˣ־嵽˼㡣
ͬ׼۾죬Ҷǿ̫ˡ
ƴˣ
ڤ̶˴ţһҶȥֱȼ˱ԴҪԱҶһ·
Ȼ
Ҷһֱֳ֣֣ѹ׷ױ飬졣
ּѹڤ̶׾ˣ㲻úһΪұģ
ɣҶƽ˵ǿˣ
䣬һӽŵͷڤ̶ɷɻҡ
峹ˣһŴͣһ˵ı顣
̫˼ˣ
ҶȻƾһ֮㽫ȫնɱûǳ֡
Ҷۣ
˴˷ܵ˼㡣
һ̣ҶĲ׼ۣĬҶʵ
꣡
׼ӭҶʱնȻѿһɱֱҶüģֲɱڲ
䣡
Ҷһȭҵȭâɱ⣬һӰ


2182 ǧָ
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˭Ҳû뵽ʱϮɱҶ
졢׼ݣ
˲ѷרְɱ֣нӽ۵սͻȻϮһɱ
Ҷκһˣɡ
˻ں֮У峤࣬϶û
죬Ȼˣ
ҶЦҵʱˣ
ɽ֮ù˵۾ȴùҶĸ֪ȻҲûá
죿Ȼ
ܶ˶š
û϶
У˶֪Ҷɽ֮ĶԹңȫûڴ˿Ҷ֣ʵģҲֻˡ
޳ܣ
ܶŭ⡣
Σѵʱչزս
Ҷնɱ˳µأȴĳˣʲô
ң޷̵ǣ޶ԣڹؼʱϮɱҶֱ޳֮
Уɽ֮ɫ࣬û뵽ԼһȻҶסˣɹƳ
ȻҲãϳ
ɽ֮ɫһһף˸ɱ
Գȥ˺ɭȻΪ߿ܣûʲô˵ģ첻
ȥˣֻҪնɱҶʵǿģ֤֮
˵ֻҪܹҶնɱ˭˵ʲô
ֻǣû뵽ǣҶ֮࣬ȻԾܵסɱһû뵽Ҷ϶֣ͷء
֮׶༪٣
ɽ֮ЩڣԼ̫çײˡ
ȻʱҴҶԽԽǿѾܹвòǰ֡
͵Ϯвʤ潻֣ɽ֮ʵûס
Ȼ˿Ѿﻢ£˿֣ҶҲӦ
Ϊ˽ҶԸһرһŭƽ̫ңҲһŭƽɽ
˿̣Ҷովһսľ޴ĻᣬˣԶлˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ̾۵Ķ֣Ҳһ콾۳ɵ֮ûɱ㣬㻮ضӣԳɽҲɱ㡣
˵Ҷһתȵ˽ԣڲˣɱ۵ķּڲˣŴμӺңʵ㡣
ⷬ˵ƿԡ
ʲôҶϢ
䣬Сֳִꪣֱɽ֮ͷ­ȥâնǿա
ңֵĻᣬܷŹ
ԲҲˣͷӣ𶯳Ӳײȥ
һɽգûκηϻҲֱӳˣλ𣬴˿Ĭ
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ֱһƣСʵĴꪣſһӣɣͬʱһָЩԲıӷˡ
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ɲһһڶô򵥣Ĭְۡ
ҶȻûг֣ȴһֱڹעս֣ڱҪƺԮȣ˷κΣա
ĥˣǿԸһ¥
Ҫײֻһ취Ǿǻٵ磬ǵĸ
Ȼ̫أ۶棬һˣֵ֤ܵĹŻʣ
ԣĿĲڻǳײ
ڴˣǵʵԽǿԽɿá
ʱˣĥһֻ洦ûл
ͬʱҶһɨǻ⣬ҲսţƬ򶼻ˡ
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Ʀһƽʥ׵ˣһ֣кһϡ
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飬һ⣬ҲǰȥĴֱɽ֮ϲȥﻹţҲС
ɽ֮ӶˣϮɱҶû뵽ȴ⵽ȺŹ
һ̣Ķˡ
λ޵Χ£Ա⣬Ҫ˵ȥϮɱҶˡ
޵ʵȻУ˵ǣƣԱûġ
ټϰǾͨƣʱʱļСɱֱӺɱȻвҲܱƵæҡ
ƽޣսޱȷḻǸʵһԻƽﵹؼ汸С
ȸȻޣȴҲޣ˵ĺᣬɫһﲻˢ
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Ҷһ⼸һʵãϵĹǸ˵ã˭ñ
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Сһ˵ֵҲûţһ˴ꪱǿգרɽ֮·
ͿȸǱңԶԿȸչˣݼڣԻƽͰҲ࿴
ϻǲè
ɽ֮ŭˣɱҶģȴȺŹ
ȻҪҲףλս£Ѿܹвˡ

Ʋѣֻüǿ̬նɱޣȥնɱҶ
֮Ҳˣֻڶʱͻƣ֤ɡ
䣡
ʵϢƵɽ֮Ѿ˴۵żһսˡ
СȻԼֹͬͣ˹
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Ǽÿ죬һɤӣֱӽŵĨ֮ͣˡ
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Ҷģ
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Ҷվ˴ս˲ᣬѵסԼıɱһ
Դ似ǿ޵֣Ǳѹƣпܳ۷壬֤ɵۡ
ңҶǻһս֮Ϊθղûг֣ս
ɽ֮ţԼؿһɱҶȭ£ΪӺū

Ҷһȣڷ˿Ө貣·ȼһ㣬һȭ
ȭһǰգֱüĻȥ
ۣ
һ죬ҶһһѪ
һͷʬ壬ɸߵѪȾǿա
һ
Ҷһüɽ֮ʧȥս
Ҷһ·ԸԸ
ҶУ꾪ֵĴУ׺ˡ


2183 ɽ
ԸҪķô
Ҷƺ£һ֣˲ȼգΪҽ
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ҶӢ
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ʵϣܶ˶ɽ֮ټУϮɱҶʿĵױΪˡ
նɱϺ⣬˳ġ
˵ԼԹñˡ
ǿӭӣҶ˷ص
䶯ˣ׷Ĥݣһϵ֮ԴԴϵĴӵĸ
һ̣ҶΪ׺;䣬龴
һ̣ĿУҶĵλֱ׷ۣ֮Ȼв֮ơ
ҶģĻģ
ΡΡأȺɽѣ
Ⱥɽ֮䣬֮أԭʥء
˿̣ԭʥٲȻĿеʥأϼƣɾ
ǿ߻ųʥģԭʥأҶ
ŵ֮УȺۣһãַǷ
Ҷۣմݣǲףһ£
ǰδеĴʤؽʷᣬף
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Ҷҡͷһɫλڻ칦ʱ򣬴˴δսǵʧҲСҪϢЩԴָɡ
Ҷ˵λ׷׵ͷһ߲ѡ
ֻ뵽칦ȴû뵽ײ֮衣
Ҷػ²һ㣬ġ
˶˵ˣҶοţѪȾǿգǣŻʣΣأ칦Ϊʱ簡
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ֻǰҶȴ棬ݴֹۣ򲻼ġ
˵Щ䣬ҶչһЦλģֻҪЭͬУʤվǵģȳҴϯʹ
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ҵ׷棬ƾҶߣΪ壬սһѪ
ɹ˵Ķ־ҶҲûģ׼һЩʢľϯˡ
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µȫûȻƣҲڶʱٴ֯һ֧ǿ
ԣҪǣսùϢҪϾ˴С
⣬˵ģˣû˵ģҲҪܵʵ
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Ҷᶨޱȣ֮
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һ㣬ҶʼģҲΪ˴
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Ҷľһоһ磬ɽĴλ֮ĵͳ̳Уţɰ֮ǰ涨ȥ壬ʮ̣عԵĸǣɽ
ҶʼŸĹޣ˶۾ţ©ʲô
ҶͣƬ̣˵ȻˣҲѡڵ磬ظǵĹأɺΪҾ
һݣ֪Ҷ˵ΥԲϢ
ҶĻ൱ڴ۷ּɣΥ
Ҳ֪ҶҲΪ˱ߣǵԭס
ȣ˵ʵ̫ˣûйرµ潫Ϊѡ
Ҷ֮󣬺ܶ˶ʼǸԵĹˣڵ򣬻磬߻عǣھͿԾˡ
ʮʱ䣬˵˵̲̣㹻ʰˡ
׷ȥǻعǣҪһ²
Ҷۣʥξ
ĴһЦҶʵ

Ҷһϣĺǲǣ
ۣСĸң˼
Ķȥ
ļһҶǳˡ
գʯҰҲǰҶѯԭʥصĴ㣬Ҷ˵ԼĴ㡣
ԭʥػع򣬱ϾǴӵ߳ȥģΣҲػƬء
Ҳ顣ʯҰ˵
Ѿ峤Ȩδˡ
룬Ը𣿡Ҷʵ
ֲȫʯҰһǼ磬Ҵ
Ǹ⣬Ҳôɣ˾ִЦ
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̩޶ħº˷׷׿ڣԸҶ顣
̩ڵϸӦĵ۵Ϣ˵ϱĵµżҪػĵ۵żɡ
Ҫħڵ֦ɢҶΪԭʥ֮ĵڶʥءħ׳
ʮպ󣬸Ƿ׷Լ˺͵뿪򣬽磬عԼǡ
ԭʹǽֱͨϧ˴۷ӡˣûƿ
ԭʥʽأܶҶ˵ɽһڷɵĵơ
ռϣĻ޼ɽ֣ԪȴŨʮֹ
һЩһǿߣڸ˻֮һƨһʯͷϣҲˡ
Ժ󣬾
ָŲԶ׵ĵƣʯҰ˵
̩߻Ĺŵأյ̩ɽҵĵĶ̩ɽɡ
Ҷǰȥףأȴְбǿʥ飬ȴȷ¶۵Ϣ
ǰɣ
ҶɵۣĴǧĿʥˣȻһۣ̫ˡ
ʱ˵ҲѽĵۺͿʥˣźüʮء
գҶҲûס
̩ɽҶӵ˺ܶ˵룬ȥֿɵĴ䣬װװ档
Ҷһһˣ̩ѣǹ¼ҹһȥһҲ֮УˣͲȥˡ
˵Щϵһģˡħ˰ûȥףأˡ
һʱ䣬ؿɽɽɽɽɽȵȻɽٽ˻ķ١
һг䶨ҶϲЭףͬһˡ
һѸ𣬶Խˣ


2184 ʮ굯ָ
ʱҴңʮָ
ʥءš̫ң͵ల¡
ңһЩʥع㿪ɽţյ⣬ʳڵΪӣ
ʮϢǶֳһƬٵľ󣬻ϻָһЩԪ
̩ɽԹŶǻĿеʥɽɽĪ֮ʷĪ֮
̩￪ɴĵ۴УһЩ޸֮Ҳ֮ء
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Ҷڣ޷֮档
ʮ䣬˵˼άҲı˺ܶ࣬ӿֳһ֣ʮﵽ̥Ϊ졣
ʮУҶظأУ˵ˡ
ںͳµһսУҲܵ˲ĵˣʮ꣬ų
УҶׯϣɢʥԣƻٲȻۡ
ʮʱ˵ˣҲԼʵһ¥Խ׼۾ļޡ
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˿̣ȻȱĴۣҲһս
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·ڲͬҪĲɱȥ򣬵ıչؿޣ֪ҪķѶ£пһ
ҶأԾȻԶ޾ɸӦ
۳أҪ𣿡
Ѫţڵĺսӽѣһս
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һЩս˲죬ѵҶȥ磬ȳ𣿻˵й˼ɣ
ʵϣǲ¶ˣҶȷѾʴǰ磬ЭۣײŶ
ȴɼֹˡ
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һУɼȻûĿãȴķֺ
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ڱܹݳ۵
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գɼ׽Ҷȥ⣬ȡϵڵ״
ۻܼ֣㲻һʱǱ֤֮壬;Ӧϣһٹ磬ײŶ
۲֧䣬Ǿֻƴһսˣ۳ɹ񣬶Ҫ۾ȳ˵
ⷬҲ͸ˣҶ޻˵
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𶯣ҶһɲǣڤʵŻ˸Ӧͬʱɫ
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۵ҶӴѶϢҪżԼٰܼꡣ
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ϣ֮۵ϣһϣмǲɸ¡
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׼˳ʱһʹڤնһЩնˡ
ˣ
۽һӡҶֱӳ֣ĥһƬƣƵڤʲòȫԸĶԸ
ôʱҶջüѿһ϶Ѫʶ
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Ϊ꣬ŲһĴ۶ǿû뵽ȴԾɱ˵ˡ
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Ƭ̺Ҷüķ⣬ƾжһϢǾеӡ
Ҷһӡеݸʶ
ţܻܿû
Ҷˣ
ԭ۴ӡţѪȾǿյ죬۸ӦһЩϢ
һ죬ǿȾѪͬ磬ɱ֮УԾ˸Ӧ
ţ֤Ѿͬǿˣ֮໥΢ĸӦǺġ
ӡǾԼɵľ͸
ҶҪ֤ǰ˵ľߺܶ·
Ҳ˵Ҷݻ磬Ѿǻ壬ߵ·۶ͬľ͸ֻɲοհᡣ
ÿһ۵·Ƕһ޶ģǰ˵·ȻܹɹҲԲܳԽǰˡ
ҶˣûܰһжֻܿԼ
۵·עǹ¶ġ
ǸԱԶǣҪǰ˳Ϊ߷ɣ
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лǰ
ҶľһһξѪٿǳ粼
Ѱмصһֽ󣬼ۡ
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⣬Ǵ۾ǿߣ岻ҲΪϵĵһա
һУҶص򣬸ոջصԭʥأͲ˺ʯҰħ˶ˣԭʥصء
ۣҶ˵˴еľ޲п
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䣡
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ϰ֣׶ˣ
ҶֱҶУһϣôײ
ϻվһԣȻħ壬ȴɢĸԵĹԣȰĿŶӺɷһڡ
ܰһĻܰĽԭܰҸӦģֻϧûаסҸָ䲻ˡ




2185 һԾ
㷹˾ԭʥסˡ
ҹµգһƬԣˮ»
ߺ𣿡
һϮµܰҶ˵
Ҷͷɽһɰ¡
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ˮ»䣬е˶ɾһ㡣
Ҫӣ
ûŤûɬܰôȻ˵˳˸ϣ

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Ȼ֣ԼЩɱ٣ʬɽѪ̤ǿչ·һ·սһ·ɱȴˡ
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ЩǷ̫̫ܰˡ
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ȴԹԣһֱΪĬĬظδҪʲô
ԲЩܿˣǻкӵģ
Ҷ۽ܰڻУ˵
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Ҷĸܰ뿪ʥ
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ռլ羰ɣռҵصأǵϵԱڡ
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һνҶƣȫѹָоܰͷС¹ײҲˡ
ڸİ£Ҷܰ˶ڷУСˡ
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һιʵΣҲһ»£Ҷ뽫ĿǷֲ
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ÿһǰ㼣
̤ȫҶס˰ɽׯҶĵطһֱš
һֱ˴ֱش֮Žķϡ
ԭܼ򵥣ش󣬵˰ٱֹԭߵҲңɼʵޣһʱ֮ϲ
Ҷ밿ɽׯʱԿԸоɽׯոձСҲ
̤ɽׯҶӦһϤϢŷС
Ϣǳ΢ƺѾ;ƿݵĽ׶Σʱп御

ҶӰһŷ֮УȻһ׷ԲԵˣڼ׵ĴϣѾһϢ
ǲϵӣԿʱӰӡ
ת۰꣬Ѿһʮ꣬ߵľͷ
Ȼû뵽ǣʱٴμҶ
ҶҶ٣
ţҪҶ񣬵ģŬ˼λû
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ҶһʹЩ꣬Ƿģֹܰһ
Դ磬һֱĬĬΪĵЭҶңһֱĬĬĸδҪʲô
ˣ
ҶһĵۻԴԴĽڣ޸ľɿݵĵ
أһΧɱļʼͣʧȥڻع顣
һӺϻͯ˱ըԵ׷תڣȻٴαɶʮӡ
ллҶ٣
ػֱӹڵϣҶͷߵл֮
˵ˣ
Ҷ̧֣ˣȥԭʥذɡ
ҡͷҶ٣˹˹ĵطҪػֱȥ
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Ҷһļ򣬵н˧֮ţȻʲУ֮;ȴɹˣԭʥҪ㣬һ߰ɡ
ԥһ£ͷӦ
ڽļ죬һֱػڰɽׯĴſڣһһ㡣
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Щ죬Ҹʱ⣬Ҷ£߱ȫÿһ䡣
ŶкŮҶЦʵ
⡭ô֪
ܰ˵Ҷȭؿϴ˼£ͻȻĽס
лл㣡
ܰţ֪ҶæкܶȥԼô죬Ѿˣˡ
죬Ҷܰһصԭʥء
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һΣ磬ҵСˣ˵Ҫдһ¡
㿪ʲôЦ
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ЦҶ۶ˣд裬ⲻŰ
ȻܾҲУҶֱӳ֣Ƶǲò֡
ʱ˱ףҶһ١
ҶǲǿǲˬǵģС͵һԹߵ
ֱǿ϶ġԲһԶèۣ߷ߵ
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Ҷ˼ĵһЩ⣬Ҫսܲͻơ
ƭȥɣ
ԭΪȣ˿Ҳ̲סֿڣѾ׼۾۷ˣֻһ֤Ѱأ
û
ԲӿڵҪܿսͻƵĻǴҲֵ߯Ǯˡ
ҶεһЦⲻҲû취𣿷Ҳǡ
Ҷ֣һ۵ĸϣܰ㡣ԥ˺ܾãóһ͸Ҷ
۽СʺͰԲƵɨһۡ
˰̾㶼ô˵ˣǺ˼ʾʾ𣿡
˸óһǼش֤ʱľģ޼䡣
лˣ
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ˣֻҪսԺŰǾСͬ˵ӴЦ
ˣҶۼ˻ʴ۵ļ壬Լʳ
Щƶ߶֪ҶҪ֤ˣϣõǰ˵һЩ飬Ȼۣȴû˿ԥȫóҶ
ٴλصأҶ֪̩һҲ֤ġ
򣬵߳۵Ĺǣ˴۵ĸҶ֤پۡ
˶֪ҶϣΨ֤ˣܱԶƽ
õڴ۵ĸ;飬ҶֱӱչˣЩظء
һΣ㳤ڱչأǱҪء
ںС˵һսоսҲûãľϵ
һԾ֤ɵۣڱУ




2186 Ѱţ
ʥȺɽ֣
Դش֮淢ʥϼ֣١
ظأҶѰһĵʥ®ӡ
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νسʼн֮
ˣն긴飬Ԫ޾Ͷ䶼д
򣬻أӻƻˡ
Ǿ۴һӡᵽġ
Ҳֻ۵Ʋ⣬Ҳ֪
Ͼͬһ壬֤Ҳǧԯޡ
ۣ֮ÿ˶Ƕһ޶ģÿ˵ĵͬȴ;ͬ飬ն֮꣬У֮
Ҷ˼С
˼Լ·ѵҪնһ
նĻԪطʱûն꣬⿿
Ȼ۵жᵽն꣬϶ûģƿˣ
ȻʱҴҪѳѰ·̸ס
Ҷĸʶеӡ൱һһѾ֤ʱľдĶࡣ
۾žޣب˫֤Ļ֤ɹľ塣
УҲһӹŽĴڡ
֪䣬Ҷ֣ԼԾ;˸һ⡣
ˣ
Ҷɵøп۲˫ͨ壬һǶеļԲΪ˵Ҳ
Ϊͨķ壬Щ壬۲һŭ֮£ͨϵ̥ǣմﵽǿĵز
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ڲĵУҶӦ˷˴۵ĵ
˱֮ΪɵۣΪʵǿ
٣Ҷڷ칦УõһЩ˿Ʋ˴ȫʢʱڵս
ԱȣҶ֣˴ԶȾ۸ǿڳ·ߵĸԶ
ҶȻ֣˵ûǵ·ʺԼ
һ磬ҪһԼ·֤پۡ
ҶչأҪӹ˵ľУ̤Լ·
üΣҶЩ߻ħԼعؼ䡣
ͷʱֹͣڻıԵһ
ȥǰ취ὫԼնġ
ʱɼ˵ˣɲҶһ𻯵
ȻһɼףͬʱҲһֻ䣬һֻΰ䣬ܾô׵Ĺˡ
֪ûбİ취Ҷƽ˵
ıԵǻѿˣ֤·ûиľģܳɹأ
ɼҡͷԣԲӣۣ֤Ҳûѣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪʲôҶʵ
ΪҪ֤ǻһɹǻۣ
˵ɼ׹ͣƬ̣޵Ҷ޲
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Ҷżɼ׵θڵļıʧܣֻ㬵Ľ˵Ͽɣһ֤ؽĿѹ˵֤ɵˣܻѾˡ
ǵˣҲ˶Ϊһʧȥıӣɡ
־𣿡Ҷ
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ȻԤϵǣɼ׾ȻͷҡҡͷһɻĵҲ֪аɣ
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գҶܾɼ׵飬߳һ·
ٲ£ٲ°
Ҷִţɼײ̾·ǧǧҶȴѡһѵġ
Ի֤ǲܵģΪҶĻ⣬ҶĻ塣
ĻУ̺ŨϿɣ£Ҫ֤ǲܵġ
Ҷ뿪أֱǰĵ
Уһ㱡ɴ纣ɵ
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Ҷ٣λʯиУǰΰݣѯ⡣
󱦵صĹսһã
Ҷֱ˵˵⣬սܹ籾Դľѱء
Ҷ⣬ʲôҪ󣬾ܷԸֵһ쵽λʯҶǰҲԵЩнˡ
ʵʹȻҶȻû֤ȴпƥд۵ս֤ˡ
λǰˣ
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ʱɳǵĳ͹ҲˣҶΰݡ
˼֮Ҷֱӽս벶׽ռ塣
Ψнͨ͸һԾǶ֤
ҶԶȥıӰ鹫ɫ㱣Ȼʧ
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һתۣʮȥˡ
ʮУҶÿնڿ˼֤Ȼղɵá
չʮأһ񣬹սУ֮ȻŨԴѲڡ
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ҶɣԴкдͻռ壬ţͳµز֤۾
˵ţǵõ籾ԴϿɣôµرȻǵõ˺ڰԴ߻Դ
ҲΪʲôۣõ籾ԴϿɣյǶ֤ɵۡ
һᣬ޷ƽ⣬Ҫ֤֮ѡ
ʮҶ˸ְ취Ծ޷֤ü
һδıԵҶЩɵ֤·ֱ̫ˡ
֤ѣ죡
۽Լį
ָ֮䣬׷ա
ᵶ·
죬ɣ

ҶƲ⣬ţѪȾǿգ籾Դܹĳ䡣
µر򱬣նȥ꣬ڰԴص硣
һֱԴһۻʡ
ص־ȻۻʣҲ޷ѣԾ֮䡣
պҶ뿪˵̤ãã档
Ѱ籾ԴţĲлꡣ
Ȼ۸Ӧһ˿Ǿ˵ܿһƲлꡣ
ֻۣҪһƲл꣬ɸԭ
ֻţ̫ˣԲʼû޸Ծɴһֲ״̬
ٿ꣬Ҷ̤ÿһ䣬߻ģİ
գ·ǿչ·һǣҲǱ˵İʮһǵʱӦһ˿ţܵϢ
ţҶϲ
Ѱÿһ䣬ʼûκջ
û뵽ȻӦţϢܲϲ⣿


2187 ͭ
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ųһߣȴ˷棬ϱڲԫʱɼ
שմȾѪɢűϢƺ˵ŵĲ״
ҶǳأָоǿˣǿչųǼٵĲˡ
ֵȫûյ뷱١
˾סŬ裬ϣָܹյķ١
Щ˶ųǵԭס񣬲֪ǿչųٴˣųѾ˸顣
϶飬룬ҶЩ̬
ģҵţ֮һЩؽ԰
ոӦҶųвƵĽֵһ·ȥ
վסʲôģ
ҶſڣسǵһʿסǰС
ǰôˣ
Ҷûݣɫ˵
İɣ
سǵʿ֪ţ֮·ȥ޻أȰ㻹ǲҪĺá
лл㣡
ҶسǵʿлЩ˸𾴣ȻǵΪߣȴ縺Σ
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ȻͿҶûͣ½ŲԾɾֱȥ
㡭
سǵʿѾˣֻĿҶʧ֮·ϡ
ǵӰôϤ
ҶʧıӰسǵʿɻ˵
Ƭ֮һ˼Ĺâ뵽һˣһֻľˡ
ѵسǵʿ
˵˭
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ʿسǲֻһˣְ൹
ˣ
سǵʿԼһƣ˷ܵĵҸղſ˭ˣ
ô֪㿴˭ˣû˵ʿû˵
ҿҶˣسǵʿһ˵
ͣҶôӲ𣿡ʿĵ˵
ţһʼҲûϳֱ߽֮·ҲŷӦ
سǵʿˣòиҫ飬ϧ˼Ҳţˡ
˵ģ
ҷģ澭棡
ܿ죬ҶʮһѲӵϢ㴫ƵĹųǣʿ
һЩҲΪҶģΪ̤֮·ģûһܻŻȻųۣɱϾû֤
֮·ϣҶȷһЩ鷳
֣ν֮·ʵ۵ռӶɣ˹֮
Ѱʿǽ룬֪׹۵ռУ֮ɱ˶˲ȥ
ѲҶҶѳԽ׼ۣȵ۱֮κá
֮һʺ磬˸ѤĹâȻͨʿ˵âȴҪġ
Ҷƽ⣬ѭţϢ룬֮նϣһȫͨ
һҶǰɫٱ䣬һ۵ռ䣬ռڹ½룬Ÿֹ֮ḥ֮̂ĥһиڽӽ顣
ʱҶ⴦۵ռģͻȻӦ籾ԴϢţϢҲŨˡ
ǡ
ǰҶȻ֣ǰǿУبһԶӵĴš
ŽգµĲɣͭĴϳͭ⡣
Ҷһ󼤶첽ǰȻ֣ͭŷǳ򵥣˵壬ӣжͼк«һ㡣
⣬ϼ飬ɻˡҲзιϵ
͸ͭţҶ·ԶǼɻ˵
ɵͭţԾҪݵĳ嶯
ڣסˣվͭǰϸ顣
ˣ
ͭ𶯣źڰ׷ɢԴϢ
ϣҶ˵ѪҲֹһ˵ģеĲ֪˶ãԾɷɱ۷׼ۡ
һһһһһһ
Ҷ֣籾ԴͺڰԴͬʱͭϣ˸Źâ໥ֺгͳһ
ڰɫͭϣһξѪ޴ۣɢ΢ĲţľѪ
ʲôط
Ҷ𾪣ͭţȻͬʱźڰԴ籾ԴմȾ˶ĵѪֱš
ô߽ͭţţľѪߣ취
ҶѾӦţµһξѪУ̺΢ɽ
䣡
Ҷ˵ضʱˣµط쵶һ㣬նȥֹ
һ̣Ҷչʾǿʵֻʥ⣬һնĥƬ
ϣ
Щطնϣ·նɽ𡢵۱֮һһۼû¡
ת˲䣬ҶͭŲˣʱ򣬿ͭŸоΰ·ͨ쳹һ㡣
꣡
ɹһһͭԻһֱɱ
Ҷ˲ˣ˫ֽӡݻֱһ춼նϡ
ۣ
צһֱӱҶһն롣
û룬ΣҶһͷβˡ
Ѫʵޱȣ·Ҷոնһһ㣬ܹᵽ̱ǵѪζ
ˣ
ɹһͷɻ˴ͭ˻ҶɱҪ赲
һĻҶɵͷͭţǳ棬ǰһĻûмʱ䶼ȫնɱ
ңɵģͭϵͼһĵѪ
µǣѪԻ߳һλ֮ӿɾʹˡ
ڶɽٵʱ򣬲ֹһεնɱͬĴۺ͹Żʡ
ȻǱϾֻУսҲͬ硣
ڣĵѪһξѪһ۷ʱڵĴۣȻܹսʤҲȻḶСĴۡ
ҪǣǱĵۻʵҲˣƫƫЩѪУӦ˾ۺǧɱۡ˴۵Ϣ
λ۶оǳ֣Ҷ治ó֡
һˣɻѾɱſֲĻ⣬ƺԷ죬ֲޱߡ
Ҷ˿壬м𣬶ԻԪصĹȫߡ
飡
Ҷһȭɻ˴ͷת򣬶˫ֱӽɻ˺ˡ
˭
Ҷ˫ᶨĹâͭš
𡭡
꣡
һͷ׻һֻͬʱͭɱ
սٴչ
Ҷչȭ޵Уʱֱӽֻ޴ˡ
Щͭޣ֮󣬺ܿͻһٴλصͭϡ
ҶնɱͭϿŵ鼸նɱ˸飬ܶ඼ֱӺ䱬ˡ
ˣ
Ҷ׼ǰʱһŴǴͭϷɳâҫۣȻһա
ûꣿ
ҶǰӶȭֱһȭˣֲķɢ裬ϵնϡ
ûˣ
䱬֮Ҷһ޶֣ɵ¶ʤЦݡ
ǰոʮȻӦһɰϢͭϴ
ͭһȺιϵһвڴ۵ʵ
ǡҪȺŹ𣿡
ҶһȺΧˣ




2188 
䣡
սһâѵء
Ҷ߾ȫ㽫⴦ռˡ
ͭȹסƬռ䣬Ͳˡ
ۣ
ѪҶɱ񣬾Ͷ䶼лصĿֲܡ
ʮָһָ
Ҷϳһ˾˵ս
飡
ҶһֱӽһˣѪһ
չ׷ǲһɹ⣬ʮ֮شƵƵ֡
֪Ҫӽͭţ±ҪսͭϿ̻顣
ʱȫҶնɱصͭϡ
ˣ
ǻˮˢҶ壬ղŴսĵܡ
ˣ
ΣҶֹͣǻԣһЦͭȥ
ܿģȻͭϵԴսһĵ鲢ûз
ʱĳһЦɾͿˡ
ͭŷ·ԭ㣬ٵصĳʼÿһ鶼ǿ
ڸղŵĴսУҶͱһݸն壬һݱ콣һ㣬ؼıԴ򣬿ֲ쳣
䣡
ҶͭŲɵʱͭŲһεѪһۣ˵ֱһҶȥ

⻹Ҷֱˡ
Ȼȴûʱ䷢Ϊۿɲʱ䣬һָƼǳ·Ƭѹ
˴βͬӰһδ۾Ѫڣȫ˴ȫʢʱڵĵ
üһ£
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ˣ
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ʹӲبҶǵһˡ
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Ҷ˿壬ֱɱȥ͵һͿ
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䣡
ҶǰƶĽӽͭţҪţľѪ
ͬʱ籾ԴͺڰԴҲҪȡΪ˽֤գð
ˣ
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ۣ
Ѫ֣ҶģǧɱһΣѪȾա
ǧһ֮ʣҶӳˣû𣬷ˡ
ǧɱҲ£һûٿҶһۣתͭȥֱӻһξѪͭϡ
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ҶĬ˷ɲǼѪε¾ۺϡ
пȱһսʵˣͼ׾ˣһϡ
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ۣ
⣬Ҷٴα䱬ˣ̶̳ȣڻۡ
ǧɱ۵ľ飬ҶѾ˴ǵ·ֻǿһŲ޵ڶ·
ҶӶݣֻ²ھ۵ѪˣҪӰ
ֻϧûԸС
һΣҶ˵˱ԴЩ׼۾۷ľ硣
ҶȻľѾ֪˴۱Ⱦ۸ǿ񣬷˴۵ϢԽǿܿס˴۵һ
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ˣ
˴ֻԻһӰʵɷǳֲ
꣡
˴ָһһɹⶴҶüģֱӼˡ

ҶҽУ꼸ȼǼΪصĴˣ˴۵һָл
Ҳ
ҶУҪ˸֯һŴ
Ӷշ
Ҷᵽӵ칦Ϊ
̤Լĵ·
ҶţԻ֮ΪǿǿһԼ칦
ȻˣһḶ́Բһ͡
Ҳ֪˶ãҶͦأ壬Ҳָˡ
ᣬҶҲûнӡԼӡ
ʣΪۻ
ҵĵҪ֮ϣҶĿռڻصþòϢ


2189 ܵ
ˣ
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䣡
ֱԴͬʱ𶯣ҷֲϢ
򣡡
Ҷһȣֱѹ˫ƻͽֽȻͬıԴѹˡ
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ΣһҪţȻ
Ҷаġ
ţֵܣȴһƬ൨ġ
ֵܣ̫ѵˣ
οţΪ䵽³򣬸һʱȹ̴۾ǵǿս֮һ
ˣ
ҶţһξѪǹУҩ˲ιæտͬʱһƲл꣬ٲܶˡ
һУҶչɷߣͭš
󡭡
䣡
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2190 
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ǲϿҲҪϿɣֻҪǳ
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ֽ̽籾ԴУİ塣
죬𡭡

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ΣҶɵ̾ϢһţܵǵˣѰҩûãҪԼ
ֵܣҵս
Ҷջ˵




2191 ü
ಣ
Ҷһֱ
ͨΧĴѪ΢ĸӦ
ɲǼ䣬·˳ֱԽ޾򣬵Ե
䣡
󸴻һƸ֣һ㣬ɢſֲϢ
ۡ
ҶͼۣͨѯڵĴ
УڤΪףŻȼձԴһֲĻʵ򣬴߶ɱ󣬹ͬۡ
˿̣Ѿ˽Ҫͷɫ԰ףȾѪ֮Уƴֿ
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ҲѺۣʱпܽ壬Ѿ᧿Σĵز
ͷɢңͷڰ޹⣬һָЩը
죬ҿ㻹ֵܼʲôʱ򣿣
ڤʿЦţ˫ɫ⣬·顣
ĬȻҲ֪Լֲ˶ˣȴơ
ҲҪΪҶʱ䣬ֻҪҶܹ֤ĩվ͵ˡ
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һҶص磬ͨռͨص
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ڳµأѾˣͶõ˺ڰԴɵҲ֮С
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Щʯ⿴




2192 ۾
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Ҷ˼ãǰֳһϤףˡѡֵܡЩˣԸᡣ
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ڴʱ䣬ɹ⣬Ҷ䡣
ڣٲֲϢ档
һ֮ܳɹ𣿡
һ̣涼䶯ˣ循㤣ţ




2193 Ͽ
Ϣѹ䣬棬˾㤡
Ҷˣ
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2198 
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λŻʸĵѣԭΪڤǿģȻڷǣȴоԼСһֻϡ
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ͬһʱ䣬ҶڤӲƴһǣŻ編ĵȭţЩƬ硣

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ݺ۳ңŻ֮䴩󣬷·ʱ֮⡣
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һȭֱӽһ𼫾ĹŻʴ򱬣һֱӽнС
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ǵۼսѪ߰ߣкܶѪԾɢŴ۵Ĺâֲɱ˾㤡
һ̣ڤʶ˷·𿴵˾ǣֱӷϵۼսͼַͨʽܲ
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2199 ɨ
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䣡
ҶȻ壬һȭѣոճ͵ڤ磬һȭ򴩣ֲĻ֮һӱҪⷽء


2200 սڤ
ۼսԶ
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ʱأƬս䣬һλʵֵѪǡ
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ô
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УΪǿѼ⵶ݺݵĲС
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ɣ
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֮ٴڤڱ¶սԲȫʢʱڵľۡ
ֻһսʤҲɣ޷֧ˡ
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סʤ
Ӧڤʵǿʿ໽ɱʽĹ
ۣ
ѪĽսӿһɴ̱ǵѪζŻ
䣡
ڤչķһնǳЩۼսʿ
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2201 նڤʣ
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죬һУգǿռɱóȻƽ⣬ɱͻԶ仯ԶҲҳ·ơ
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˿̣飬֪ùעߣǸùעӡ
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ڵҶףΰüĿδ֤ȴѾһ˿
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ǺܶǿߵҶȫ̳ҶѪ֮ơ
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ڤսɣһرۼսܲ˼󶴡
ҶǰδеΣα궼ԷץйնʱͿռ˫طǿѡ
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ڤʼţһȲʤȯӣûнҶ£Ӱ˻ģʾһλŻӦеԸǿơ
ҶһﲻѪȾۣͷһһ縵ģµѪ
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ʵѷڴ˿̵ڤʣǿֻʵս鲻㣬Լƿػ죬ڴսг˿
ĳɳٶǾ˵ģڴսѧϰԼƿص˼¡
ۣ
Ҷչ˷ɱɢֻӳһ޴ɱ֣ѹأֱӽڤķڵء
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ҶƲˣʩչɱɢ֣һɱ֣޴޶Ŀֲ
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ڤٴαķѣƬ׷ɣ۵졣
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ۣ
ڤʱ˼㣬Ȼû㿪ʵʵĲһţӶȱˡ
ն
ڤʷŭ˼㣬һеһâƵۼսˡ
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꣡
ҶӶȭһӽʥˡ
һδεķǣҶľٽһͨ޹ϾӲ̶ȳԽɽ
徿һ䣬ʮأû뵽ڴսɱ䣬յǶ
ڤʵһ˵תߡ
ûˣٴȥ䣬ۼֱǸ̥ǿǿ
ߣ
Ҷһȣǹһɹ⣬ڤʺ״ȥ
飡
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ۣ
ն굶ƿļֱ꣬նꡣ
ڤĻˣǳɹɶҶĵϴѪΪá
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Ҷ֮ǿ⣬ǿ꣬بź
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Ҷˣ壡
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飡
Ҷ붯Դرǿն굶Ա
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ûʵûˣۼ֤Ҷֱӱˡ
ߣûôף
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Ҷûκηϻ߷ͬʱ֣ȭɱɢֺ깲
ۣ
ڤʱ޿ɱܣֱӱҶŰɱ飬Ҳĥ
¡¡
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ڤʣ


2202 
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ô
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ڤ䣬ʧȥΨһϣһɥ֮Ȯӡ
ȻѾסгڣҶȲµķ֮Ӳ
һʱ䣬簧Ұʬɽ
磬ͻɽķѡ
ɱ
һ
ǿߴţѪ֣
̫ʹѲǳرƣǻһƬء
һеһУɵģ˿̣ǿÿжȼһŻһŸĻ档
Ȯ
ưһǳرա
һЩҲֵģɽеڤޣû۵С޶ࡣ
֣ĸѳɶ֣
ˢ
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ڵıϸңȫĥˣƺһִԾڼš
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գǳɹɱƽһȫͨ
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Ҷ˫۷죬кܶ໰˵ȴ֪˵ֻǳ˸м֮顣
ϰףһ
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һ̣Ҷɫ£ԴԴĻ籾Դע˵Ĳл֮Уǻָ֮
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ˣ
ҶͶȥ͵Ŀ⣬һԽԽˡ
˲ƬҶʱ˺ܶࡣ

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Ҷ۾񣬽۵ÿȵ۱ޱȡ
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ϸпѣҶѾ׳ɳԸˡ
ҶΪۺ޸ʱĴսҲӽβ
磬ҪʵˣҪȫᡣ
һһֻӬһֻڶ֮ˣ䡣
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ˢ
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ţҲɱΪֶۣμ侪ˣһߣˡ
ＫΪأֻҪгǱûƿԲϵͻƣս졣
ҲսڣԾûнɱԭ
һ׼۱նɱһ򱬣ǿս¾
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ϸһֻҲܷŹ
ս׷ɨսֹթġ
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μۣ
׷ҶΰݣսĽһϲд
ϲڽﳹײ彫ӭԶĺƽֻԼо֮
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˵Ѫⳡʤ̫ˡ
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Ҷ磬нյʢ
ɾۣ干ҶԽۣبŵһˣ
ǿĺǿ
ο˵еŬ͵ȴûգһеĿѣֵõģ




2203 
ǣ
Ҷһ㶣Ѿֹһεˡ
񣬾ٴ˵ˡǡʣɻ
ۣеǣָ˭Ҷʵ
ǧɱ˵ǣ˵ǣѵ۲ɣ
˴ۣʲô˹ʸǧɱۣϿɣ
΢΢һЦǣȻָеĴۣ

ʯ쾪
Ҷɵˣ
еļأ۶Ѿȥˣôᶼû
⡭ôһ£𾪹Ҷæʵ
֪ģǱѣۣѹڰս֮⣬˶ûȫ·ϡ
ΰԶȻˣȻ˱ֱиӲȡ
·
Ҷٴ𾪣·һŻῪΪʲô۶Ѿ̤·ĪѾɣˣ
·ӦҶʣƽ˵ֻۣҪûս̤·ֻ⡣ҵǣѹ磬ǣסĹŻʣΪӮʱ䡣̤·Ĵǣ·кŻʴս
ⷬȻ𾪵Ըӡ
ۻţֱ̫ˣ
Ҳ̤Ϲ·
Ҷʵо̫˼飬۵Ļ׵߸ۡ
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ҶԤϵǣۺˬıˣ˵·ϣȷгʣֹͣ˥ϣ
·ϻʣɱмôá
·ϣŻʣһֲߣкڰ֮ġ
ﲻݣٴسϣڰ֮Ҫ棬һдԭ㣬¿ʼһóѣػ٣𣡡
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ҶһҲ̫ˣֲ̫ˣڰ֮ĪǸӣ
Ȼڰ֮ôǿ͸ûˣôܻڣҶʵ
ΪҲһߣ컯֮ס˺ڰ֮ΪһƬ档
˵컯֮ͺڰ֮·ľͷԾѾսԪʼղʤ
һ֮ԱΪҵһʵָ֮䣬Ҫһʤ棬·֮жˣʤ汣棬ܣҲûеֿܡ
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·
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Ӫţʱ֮·ϣһδĿռУ˸ߴͭţԽ۵ʵȻ޷ƿɼֲ֮
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˵䣬ҶԼͭŵĳʶ˽Լ
һ㶣󻺻ͷЩįǵͭ·ڣҪ̤·ֻѡһǵȴȷʱ䣬·ͭȻ磬Զ򿪡
ǵڶѡأҶʵ
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ˣ
Ҷͷһ¾˵һУһ˿Ĺâ
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֮ǣңԷһˡ
ţƾĿǰսĹŻûһ֣Ժɨ
ֻǣȻͨ죬ȴԾû緢ټ
ѣҶֻ̣ѯ֪֪䡣
۲ĿҶһۣҩеļƷɰ꣬ʲô
ˣ
Ҷ˵ҪһŮˣΪҶұҪ
ب֮ǰ㱻컯֮ժȥ·ͷõ̤·컯֮пܡ۳ĬƬ˵
ѵûеڶ𣿡Ҷĵʵ
ǰҩеҩռˣһͷǳˣΪӲһץһѡۿЦ
ұҪһˣ
Ҷģ۶ѣҪȡƾۻ굤
΢΢һ̾С޷ˣһжҪԼ
Ҷͷ۱ԴܴǼصĵˣڵսӲ۷ʱڵİٷ֮һ·Ҳûá
ҲһȻ˾ڣϵıԴͬǳ޷еս
£óȻ·
ǰˣһӣ
Ҷƣ˻ġ
ԴʵʵѰʵ֣ѽʮвܡ
Ŷˣ
۷·뵽ʲôæҶ·ϣг˺ڰ֮⣬һҪע⣬ĵһŻʣʵɲ⡣
Ҽˣ
Ҷͷ˫Ĺâǧӵľ
ҵˣˣҶۣζ˵Ǳþϯ㿭Ϊ칦
ৣ
£ͷڣҶ֣һ뿪˺ڰ֮
ۣټ
Ҷ֣ЩȻʧ
ԭΪ磬ƽû뵽黹ԶԶûн
ΪۣѹһеУ
Ҷ⽥ᶨԶпٵصľ
ϴ󡭡
һ΢ƵţԶҶ
һսնɱλʵ֣νսȻ
أ
СʵҲˣɨһۣҶʵ
ѾˣҶ˵
ž۴ȻԵһǿϧСʺͬʱҡͷ
Ƭ֮ͮͮͰԲҲˣѯʾ۵
Ҷɫ࣬Ӿ֪һжˣ׼
ô
ţ
ıˣһС
Ҳ֪ҶԲϿЦ
һʱ䣬˵Щ䡣
ϴҪ̤·ҲһţôҲǸۣܳ
˵úã
С޵ҲһݣҲҪ̤ϴ˵е·һЩŻʡ
Ҳȥ
ͮͮᶨ˵ս񾳣սѷڴۡ
ң
ԲҲˣɢŨŨս⡣
ðɣ
ҶƬ̣ȻˣǾʮպͭţ̤·




2204 ǰĸ
ã
˷ܲѣ
̤·֮۲սѪڡ
Ϊ˱ֻţҶˣʱܣҪ֪
֪أСʵˬӦ
̣̤˹;
ҶͰǵ磬ڰ֮򣬲Իٴ
䣡
һ죬𶯣ڰ֮ȫ
ڣը٣ڰ֮壬гױĨ
Ϣأڣϲ
ԪĺڰԴͷܲϲ
Ҷۣ
޵У
һ̣徴Ҷĸ
ʣҶǿģԽۣبδеĴ١
ƴԪһҶĻ
Ϊλ
ǿ߷׷жҫʯ󣬹ڸԵϣԼ
޾͸ռ۵ԭʥأԭʥϼƣڣ淢
Ҷصԭʥ칦սĸۡ
׼۷׷׵ǳ̣ء
ʯҰˡͮͮħҲˡ
һʱ䣬ԭʥַǷۼǿߡ
һ̳̳Ʊǧ𣬻δ磬ʳָ󶯡
ˮϯڿǾ񻶣йսѹ֡
ȵһЩʧʹޣǵڴսԪˡ
Ҷħº̩ɵΧסϺƴơ
ɵĻ˵ûϣˣⱲӶսʤҶֻھսΪԼһصƽ⡣

һ˵Ľͯ糿ѻһ˺ƾơ
ʱİٸнΪҶеΪԼȻˡ
⣬Ůģ
õ˿νԵ޷֣һǻ顣
Լƺʧ̬칦绹ûнʱ򣬱Ȼ뿪ˡ
һɲǣ·Լ߻䣬ʪ½

칦ҹֱ峿˲ŷ׷ȥ
ֺؽضԶ׼۱ͻ¼޷
ˣҶصԭʥصĹŵУҵĸаС̳ˣ·Σ
û뵽Σûйȥ
ҶĽ˳ʯ𾪵Ըӡ
·ۡŻʡڰ֮컯֮
Ϣ糬˵ǵš
ȻҲ֪ҶһǣϿЦ
ѻԶԶûг
ãаʵһӦ̾һ壬ǶֶѰ
ȥɣ֧㣡
Ҷ˫΢ǿеĲᣬҶ˵
Ҷ֮ԸЩѯǵ̬ȡ
¹ݲð˽飬Ҷ壬֧Ҷ·컯֮ڰ֮
СҪСģ
ǰˣҶգǧᡣ
ĸģҶϵ⣬Ӳᡣ
ȻҲ֪жξжҶעЩǲܶܵģҪе
С
Ҳ߶߶˵˺ܶעⰲȫĻҶкѹ֡
аҶģʲôҲû˵һоڲС
Ҷ˵һִģݸ飬ǸӣʤƸӡ
Ż
Ҷ߳ŵһɲǣͬʱ˵Ҷһ

ҶһʮգƽϢе
ಣ
ӹŵҶһֱǿǿշ
ԼսžԵģ·ͬڷеһŻдĺڰ֮
û֪ͺڰ֮ʵжǿǸҶһȥ׶༪٣пܾ
ΪۣҲи飬ڸĸǰֳֻǿĬĬܡ
ʱ֣ҶһѰ޶ǡ
ɸһȥԭʥشľ
ܰڰ̥߶ƽʱڻľĵط
ϻڶϾħ壬Ӱ쵽ˡ
Ҷס
СӾȻԭʥصľƽкͰǺȾơ
õ׵ٻҶ°ǣһʱϵĸ׵ľ
ϵ
һҶױƣñҶѵ͵ȾƵ顣
ҶݸһЦһܰҲ
Ҫ·ˣ޶˵һ£֪Ȩ
ʲô£
ɨһۣоЩѰ㿪ʵ
Ҫȥ·սˡ
Ҷ渶̸·ϵг˿û
ţϻöģܰҲֹ
ȻҶĽȫˣġ
ãһӦˣȥɣ
һСģ
ϻһеıסҶ˵
ЩҲǵһ֪֪·գΣա
ʲôڰ֮һ֮ȥ
Ҷ൱ĲҪҶһȥŰڰ֮
Сӣˣ
Ҷѹ䣬ֱӽҶװڵϣһֶֻӲȥȥս·
ϵף
Ҷƴ֪ӲܸӶ֣ô۸ң
ҶӺߣҶȻҲʮԳڣսûľԻͬͯһ㡣
žžž
ҶԥֱִмҷҶƨһٸҶױùǺʵ
ϻۣȴҶ״СȷӦҶ̹ܽܽˡ

ܰḧ΢΢¡Ķӣ˵ţһںӳ֮ǰϻġ
ܰ
ҶǳжĽڻУģһģ
ḧܰ΢¡ĶӣҶɻϻû̥ʮһ꣬ŵҶףһ㾪ϲԣ١
ܰҲʮˣԾûļ󣬿һС޵С
ڽļҶ⣬鴫Լյһй似ȫɽ鴢
⣬һЩеĸ;Ҳȫ
ЩǱľ飬ν޼۵䣬κһִȥѪȷ硣
Ҷ齻аʣ˴ڣʵԭʥشȥ
һУҶз·һʯپɲ١
ⳡսؼܷ˳ɱڰ֮
һڰ֮ˣȴزҲǸԭʥأ˺һݱĲƸ
ƾЩ似һҲ⡣
תۼ䣬ʮѵҶҲɣ֮󣬱㽻а
˵ʲôȻ֪ôĬ
ھϣ¸ˮԣʥϼڣɾ
æµ˼죬Ҷ׼Ϣһ磬ǰʮһǡ
ڴʱҵߴɬ˵ϻúܰöкˣҲҪһ㲻ܺ˱˰ɣ
кѣ
ҶЦãһӽ˵ϣΰѹȥ
̡
һһӦ֫צһҶ
ˤӡսʹ˿ʼ




2205 ·
һҹ÷ȣ
һҹ峿Ҷ˯
ŻˣҶ̲סһ£Ȼ
ŵҶһټ޺аʡϲˡ
ӵϢ̷еһУϵŵ
ҶɨһˣҾҪ̤ˣЩҪλ
£ܷԸ
ϲ˵
Ҷ֤Ȼɢ۵ѹǰǰĳƺһأһҲҶǰϡ
ҶҲ֪һ㣬ȴ޷ı˵ĹΨпЦһ֮λرİȫ
۷ģҵȱضľ˵
Ҷ΢΢һ̾йâһǹ֣ɢֲĵ۱
˿̣ǹѳԽ˵۱ɱ£
Ҷһǹڲռ䡣
ǹڲռɣѾݻһ磬籾Դγɡ
룬һ֦Ҷï߰˸Ӥ״Ĺӡ
ҩ˲ι˿̳չֳ˱壬绪ǣɢϢ
ھ֮£ͣһףɢű˵ĺ
ˣ
Ҷǰ˵
Уòɣ·ո˯ţʱѹ
֪Ѿ磬ܿϧ磬·ľͷҽ춯ǰ·һΣһ㣡
Ҷгʹ
ȻΪۣҲε飬ֻֿǰȴ
ռУҶ˺ܾãЩκ˼˵˳
գ߳ǹ֣֮ؽܰУٴζˣرף
˸У
Ҷܲĳת׼ȥ
ڴʱǹеҩ˲ιͻȻڣҶʶеۣ·ǸεսѾ𲻵ʲôˣһɣڣǸŮӵڳֲ⡣
ã
Ҷͷһ˲ιųԭʥصɳظҡ
ۣҲɣ
ոհ˲ιҲˣɺ˲ιһֲս𲻵á
ðɣҶͷҲ
ɲܴأǰɽɻɽɡ
գѡ̫̫ϵȴҶ
ЩҶٴ׼ǰǿչ·ʮһǡ
ʱʶٴδǲƵɼס
ڤһսɼ飬ڻǹлָû뵽Ȼٴοˡ
ۣȥ·ôͭɼ˵
ΪʲôҶ졣
𶦼أҿԼǵãһϵĴ˵ͭܿɶͷޱߣؼʱ̺ܻܿ벻á
ҶȻɼѾϹŶеϹŶˣ˵ͭأǾͿ϶ء
ʯ塭ţ
Ҷп
գҶȡɼ׵ʯµͭϣһֱӽǿա
һ·˳ƽ
ϣϲ˻֣г˵ϣ

ǿչ·ȣ
⵽֮󣬺ܶ۹ضưܲ
ȻγͼΣڻ޸ƻԶȽס
ǿչ·ĽڵϵĹųǣھɱ֮󣬾ֻǿ߻ˡ
ǿչ·ָٹ⣬ûϢǲˡ
ʮһǣǿУһǣɰ˷ǻԡ
Ҷųǣ̱ӦǿϢ
ǿߵϢòһʶȺܸߣҶ̱ţǵˡ
֮ǰˣʮһǼϣû뵽ˡ
ϴˣ
ӦҶϢţ˳ӭֱӸһܱ

Ҷûе飬ֱһ֣ˣ߳ʮһǣ֮·
䣡
һ룬˱һ·Ȼռ䣬һСıпʧǴҲ⡣
˸пҶôѰͭŵģ
ֱ漣
ͮͮҲΪ𾪣óȻһ·ûʧѾˡ
ϴϴ󣬲Уţ̾
ҶܹԽ˶Ŀռ䣬Ѱͭţȳڿֱ񼣡
ʱձãҶµӡѾʧֻǰ
ͭиӦͭϣҲһξѪ
գҶˣԽСռ䣬ͭǰ
һ̣˺ͮͮסˣͭŶأضƲ֮ϣͷ
ͭϣѪҫɢž˵
⡭·ô
𾪵ԸӣڶѪӿη֮顣
µӡǣܲ𾪡
ţ£һΣ籾Դ壬ѱͭɱˡ
ͭаޱȣ鶼ɻζ赲ٽ
˺俪
ҶɫأԸ˺⵽
ôаԣ
Բ첻аֱǰһȭͭźȥҵȭâ춯أڴۡ
ɡ
ҶæֹѾˣͭϷֲĲУһͷ͸ڶ˫һչ紹֮ƣԲȥ
飡
Բ˫һչֱӽ˺ˣѪһ
ˣ
Բ⣬ֱͭȥⷽѹҶһͷչԼʵ
Ȼ
һͷ֣һβֱӽɳȥؿһƬ඼ˡ
У
ɺСʵһ
ԭҲΪȻΪҶˣҲԾԾԣҪͭžжֲ
ȻǰһĻǳ׾ͷ
Բʵֻڲ֮䣬Բͷ޶ûмȥ½ȰԲö١
һ̣ǶҶʵֻķˣ޷
δ֤Ҷս飬ţģѾ漣ˣֱ񼣡
֣û°ɣ
Ҷǰһȭͷ򱬣ԲȻ
ˣ
ԲһѪˮת巢⣬ٸԭ
ɣ
ҶǰѹȫͷţƬضݲ
һ̣Ѫҫȴûٳ֣¶һֿ־ðԲֱɵۡ
ʲôǲࣿ
ǲ࣡
ǰͭ赲д۾ɱ
Ҷǰ鲻ԣͭϵĵѪˡ
ϴϴ󣡡
ţԺ˵ƺˣҲһۡ
䣡
Ҷ֣ȭ˫죬ɵ
飡
ͭž𣬱ҫ۵⣬ñȥһ飬ȴѡ
䣡
ͭŷֲĲ֮ӿ֣һӽҶײɳȥ
ۣ
ҶһѪ
ǿͭţȻˣе˼顣
ͭŶѣȻڤʻҪֲƾŬȴʼƲơ
ǹˣͭűöˣȴû˿ĺۼ
ˣ
Ҷֹͣһɲǣͭţȥĵطԭ
Ƭ̣ͭűָԭ·û⵽

оǺȻ
̫ͭ˰ɣ
ֱɽҪӲ
ҶʵͽִɽԲ⣬ȴκβͭš
γ֣޹Ҷ˳˼
ѾȫʵѵҪֹڴ
ġ
޼ƿʩʱԺжȻһҶ뵽صͭ
ͬͭʣͬޱȣͭŻ
뵽Ҷ̼ͭһȺݺͭȥ
䣡
ͭŹâţӲ俪ˣһɻϢ
ˣ
ɵ˾ȵ°ͶѾʵʱ䶸ͭźͭͬʱɹ⣬ʧ·ϡ
·ʱҶӲţ·




2206 ĵսʼ
ͭʧ·Ϣ
Ϣ
ֹͣ˥ϣ
ٽ·ɵ˾оë׶Ҫſˣ¾
·ʣʹ˲࣬ɿĸԭ
·ϵõ˲ֳʣֵܵµʴôꡣ

Ҷһ֣̤·֮С
䣡
·𶯣ڣпٵصת
ಣ
Ҷϵ籾Դһɹ⣬ɲǼ·֮Уʧ١
ţڰԴҲ뿪ˣһڹ⴩ƻ磬ͬʧ·
ţ
ҶȻףȻǺڰ֮컯֮Ӧ˱ԴĲԼˡ
˿˵ĴսѾ˹ؼʱ̣Ҳżˡ
·һƬĿռ䣬޽ʣȴ
ƬĿռûŵĳʰɡ
Ҷ̧ݣܿ춴ϤƬռİء
ǴзĿռ䣬ǽıؾ֮أ·
ңûдѹƣ־֤˵Ǿѵ֤ᱻɱ
䣡
·Ϊӡ֤Ҷƶһ㣬ͮͮͻȻһǿ⣬oв⻷֡
˴˵֤ͻ񾳣ΪһλۣŮۣبδУ
䣡
Ҳͻƴ۾֤ˣ
һĻǱ֪ᾪ˵°͡
ֲ̫ˣͻƴ۾֤ɹب֮δУʱĻԻ͡
ȥɽ٣
Ҷɷ˵һһҷֿǹͬɽ٣ٵ
ոմˣСʺͰԲҲֱͻƣͦ۾֤ɵۡ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
ҶһһҲֱ߳ȥ˷ֿɽ٣ǧյһ飬ص۽ٵӣҲΡ
䣡
̫ɹըЩƬĿռ䣬ֲĸ½նˡ
ֻŮͮͮĵһ٣ٸֲÿһƶ׼ۡ
һߣɵĵ۽ҲʼˣӿȻǻףƬ
СʺͰԲĵ۽Ҳֲͬ˿ɺͮͮĵ۽ռЩˡ
ҿƬĿռǴзֳģɵ򱣻ͬʱ֤ǴҲܲס
ҶвӦԴΪ˻
˲֧ʱ֣Է٣ɵ˳ɵۡ
Ȼˣͮͮϣٷһľƽһ롣
û취ҶĿеķҲͮͮһ
ڳ׺·
ţͶˣȻѾ֤ȴ٣ڶˡ
ȴ۽٣ԶʹЩˣҲڳµг˱Щ䡣
֪˶ã֤ͮͮɽϣ׹ʧһɴϢƵ·
ɵĵ۽ҲʧˣúңƤѪǿա
ҿ·гʣ޾ӿ룬κĵˣ˳ɵۣڵ䡣
ĺͰԲҲɹɹ٣Ϣ·
˽·֤ˣ
·ľͷԷ˴ۺǧɱΪף𺳣žȻ·֤
Ȼ۽ٵϢȴƭˣǶǴ׶ιģԵ۽ٵϢǳϤ
̫ˣǵˣ
ۼ˵
ƵģԴоŵ񻷣Ѫ߰ߣȻҲɱˡ
ϢУһʤˣʤƽʼҪбˣ
ħħҲ¶˾ΥЦݡ
ǰλۣʵԸȺһսˣ»ʴҲ˵
·ͷһƬĿռڣۣˣɼս֮ң۶ˡ
ģЩܰ۸ˣҲü۸۸ȺˡĵҲֿڡ
·ϣԼĹŻƴԪָʵ̫ǿĹŻ̫࣬ԶǣԣһֱǴ·硣
·ϵĳʣǿͼֲסˡ
ǵŬûа׷ѣڵϣǧɱ۸̾
һֱ䣬һ
ˢ
ϣеȻĹâɱ۸һնգûռͨ
⡭
ˣŵĿߣ°Ͳҽϡ
ʱսˣ
˴˵ҲԽջذɣ
Ӧõģ
ĵ۵ͷһһ
ϣĶıʼɽһ֮嶸Ȼ⣬һ֧ʣ̴񷣬·ϵĵС
ϻƣþòˣ
ʣĵ۸пޡ
ս£
ʥǵҲһȣʥϣս»⣬ʧʡ
ϣ
̫ɽɵսۣ۵ϣеһ㡣

»ʴͷʹڣսף˫ĿһŮۡ
»ʳȻâʢһ𣬻ʣ»ͷ⡣
ôɽĵ۱ֲܼ»ʳĵ̡
һ졣
𶯣ĵ۱׷׸棬ع鵽ԵС
۱ǳ˷ܣһֺѪĸоӦ˵ս⡣
һʱ䣬۵ʵϢ
˵ǸҶŵ۷޷޵˵
ֹ㣬Ҳ
ۺʡҲ׷׸ͣǵöҶնɱˣ˵Ҷһ
ҿ˭ң
ǧɱɨһ۹ŵǣϣ𣬴һ군
ҿеģ˭ͬͬ⣡
˴ִƽ˵
λͬʱŵǶʱˣ㬵ĵǾ˵˵ѣҲĶְ
֪ͺã׵˵
紫ˣ֮УʵǷͣ·֤ҲɵˣԺ׵ִۣס
У˶Ҷ
ЩûľһԿ֣
ˣ
˴ֹڵۣ˵ĴսҪʼˣ⣬ǿ϶ҲӦˣȻȷܹǵԮ֮ǰǾս
ô죿ǧɱʵ
âȴԮ
˴˵ǵʵǣǰսĻǺܲΨеҶǵ֮ǲܷһһսǬ

ڷ˴˵ЩʱΪ׵ҲӦ˵۽ٵϢɫʱѿ
ս½ˣ
ۣ˫ڶǡ
ͳҹɣصӮˣµĴ۵·ҲֻһҪĴˣ
ôֲ𣿡
һλŻʲţʲô˲ģԪѹŴ𣿾Ҳı䲻ʲô
ǣǲѡ֮壬ֻҪսʤǣһͳ档
λĹŻҲ׷׸ͣܲΪȻ

ͨĴۣҸںΣһˣʵڤ֮ϣڤʶɱˣǻȻ֪ǿЦ
ʲô
ô
ĻйŻ𾪣֮У֮⣬ûһڤʵĶ֣ҲΪʲôڤԭ
ڤʶսˣ˭ֵܵ
һʱ䣬йŻȫĬˣˡ
ûʱˣ
̾˿ƶǺܲҪһˣȽ߾ȫɱĴۣ


2207 ս
۽ɢҶӭȥ΢Цŵϲ֤ˣ
װ
С죬ӢŤˣ۵ġ
٣κһ˵ǼΣյģĿܣܳŹѾʵס
ζΣ
ţ˵٩
˿Ц
˴ζɽ٣ջ࣬ǵǶˣ˻ᵱһɽСĸо
ȻȻҶʱ򣬶ʱˡ
УҶϷ·һصıʣ޷
Ҷ
Сɻ˵Ѿ֤ˣΪοʵ磿
Ϊ֤ǲſġҶ˵
Ŷԭ
˻Ȼ·֤ûдѹƣ˲٣Ҷ֤ĵǽѹƣ֮⣬Ȼͬ
߰ɣ
Ҷһ֣ǰ滹дսأ
ߣ
ɱǸƬײ
һ˺ƺƵ·ͷȥ

·嫣
Ⱥɽڴϡ
һƬĿռУϢС
ƬĿռǷ˴ۿٳģ沼ǵı֮
ڱֶͨ죬Ҳȷꡣ
ңƬĿռ䲢һɲ䣬ʱʱ̶̿ƶڹŽδĲͬʱգԱݳ
ȴԸӦϢһ˱ֵѶȡ
·һڰ֮ɽ籡Ũ
Żǵϳ
ǶôǾսһŻʵ
ٺ١
ЦԭһݲǵλãղٻԼı¶λãһΣҪȫ𣡡
ߣ
һ֣һڹ⣬ңԶʷȥ
λŻʶһۣ׷׶һ˺׷ȥ
ɲǼ䣬㽵ռ⣬һâݻ󣬸ֳһƬĿռ䡣
ʱ˴۵ռУʱӦϢ׷״󾪡
ɱ
ЦָĹŻʷ׷׳֣ʵ򣬴ݻռ䣬۾ս
䣡
䣡
䣡

Ǽ䣬籩ϯ
ɱ
˴һ£һĹŻĳ࣬ɿա
ƴˣ
ǧɱҲһɹ⣬ֱȥ
սսս
ۡ˻ʡĵۡ۷׷׳֣ĹŻʴսѡ
ժ׽£ǬĦŪԴ۶ԣƽ¶ѡ
һȺʵִս涼Գܣɵ򱣻ͱˡ
׺أ߳ˡ
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ѳɵۣдʣĹŻǷ׷׶ܣգۼ٣˷ɻҡ
ͬʱҲд䣬ѪȾգĹŻ䱬ˡ
ս쳣ңд۶չֳǿʵ궼ȼˡ
ۣ
ѪŽŵ۱һŻˣѪȾ˴ء
ŵ̫ɵ۵ǿߣʵ̫˥ˣϴδսѾˣԾɲж֣ɱ

ĵֳɱʣѸпһ֣ҫȫһŻڡ

˫˵ŻʴУ⣬һը겻档
Ѫʵݺᣬն죬·Щ
˴ۺǧɱ˫ս쳣ࡣ
̫ǿˣּ𣬻ʵһŴƵ˲òƴ
û뵽սǰˣ
̾һoɽս£ּժ׽£һƬǺӣȥ
𣡡
ŻһǺӣƬڹ⣬ɽɵս£۲ɱѪŽ
һս̫ˣʵֶ˺üĴۣҲĹŻʡ
Ҳ·ϣκһ˳ȥ档
ȻʵҲòֵǮˣֻѰսѡ
˴ۡǧɱۣĵ֮۲ǴսۻŻʣѾڻҡ
ڻң磬ֱ󣬵ۻʣǿǸӾʮأѹϰ˻ĵĴڣһʱˡ
սڼĴ۽·磬Ʊ÷ǳ
ĹŻʣ˻ֲ֮⣬ӰҲܴǳʴԵ˵۱ʴ塣
ɱ
ƴһս
ۺ׳ĿںţһսȻսҲҪĹŻǸصĴۡ
䣡
ɽս±ˣѪޣֺͷ­ĥꡣ
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˻ӡգ干һĹŻҵѪˣؿڶȥһƬۼˡ
һսۺĹŻǶû·ֻѪƴ
һսغ˺δΨһȫ𣬴սֹͣ
壬Ҳ벻ܺƽʱǵ棬ĴۣΪǵԡѪս
ҡˣ
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䣡
ըȻһͷ룬Ȼˣϵ룬ӵѪޡ
ʣ
һХ뱾ԴͬʱըԼ֣ͬɱ˰ʵŻһͬͬʱҷ
ɱʵŻʣͱƴһش޷㿪ֻǰŸ
ۣд󹦼壬ѹڰңƽħ֡
˵ıһʱΪ飬̫̫ࡣ
ǼսΪ壬һεѪ·ϡ
òФ۵ػΪս޾
ɱ
»ʴһ߳һ£һƬԣֶס
һ㣬һ£Żͷ­£ɻҽ
䣡
ͷʬ嵹£īɫѪ罦ɣһѪꡣ
е۱֣նķᣬĹŻ˲ء
ȻĹŻϣԶҪ࣬ټһǣסǿķ˴ۺǧɱۣͬ˾޴Ĵۡ
ʱʵһ㣬ɸıȫ֡
ս۸ˣĵ۱նһֱۣ۰ӻΪѪࡣ
»ʴۼͷЩ˵ֻ࣬ʣһŹͷȫ顣
ǧɱҲˣԴѣЩɥ
Ƿ˴ƴȣѾɱˡ
Ľǣ˴Ҳ⵽شˣЩ
ƴƴˣ
ѵҪ𣿡
Ϊɽ𣬹һѾԮѵҪʹ˰
۲ʣһĿѣ۾ѪᣬǼԪѵҪʤ⵽֮ǰ
սУ٣Ķǻʵ֣磬ֱ
סǾͿ쵽ˣ
׵۴ų֣Ųٻ٣ûֵ۱һĹŻʺɷɻҡ
սپҪκλᣡ
ҲӦҶ˵Ϣɫ䣬ֱӸµĹŻϧһдۣɱۣǻĻᡣ
˵䣬һĳһɹ⣬أ˴նȥ

һŭҶƿռ䣬ͮͮǸϵһȭȥҵȭâŽδ




2208 
䣡
ȭâţ˻ɹ⡣
ţ
־ݣŵؿǰˡ
˭ȣӿһֲԤС
оǰ˵ĵ϶ıս֣ǹһ
Ҷ
Ҷɫأִһɹ⣬ķλ۵ʶ
У
λ۵һȫʶ֮ˣȻ
£ڵһתϢƾ֫ٴλָ۷壬սϯ·
ĹŻɫ࣬𾪵ԸӣǼֱţҶִһȭȻܽˣʵֱֲ̫ˡ
෴ҴĴһ֪Ѷ
ҶǸŤתս֣һƴ֮ôˡ
ǧɱӹһ٣Ҷͷʾл
˫սͣ˴˽䱸ţڻսʱͻȻ
Ҷǵļ룬սַתʵȻѹʵͷ
ˣ
Ҷڵ۾ϹǸ
˾ͺã
ǧɱ۴ЦţҶͷ£ϲ֮Ա
ݵĽ֮Ҷɨһ۶ŻʣȻԸλ˼ɣſֽսɣ
󵨣

ն㣡
ŻһȻ׷׺ǳҶΪ֪ߵغ
Ǻεˣ
˴۶ҵǧɱ۲ǿֵһճɵĴۣҲҴԲѡ
һ֣ŻǶʱһɱȻĿҶ޲ý¡
е˼
ȻһЦӵȵϣҲ˿ɣҿûпʱ
ննݣ
Ҷԣ˿塣
Ҳڽ£ֺξһ
£ָĵ·

ЦЦٿֹһҶȥڣûʵֶȻľ

ҶһǹԵ棬һɹ⣬ֱĴֻȥ
꣡
ǹݿ࣬ƿһǹƣ˸͸ɱ뾭ֱһֱ۱顣

󾪣һ棬˴ǰ˾кսȻ
ã
ʿ񣬱һ󻶺׷׳֣սٴα
ն
ֳֻͮͮƽꪣŻʴսͷ㷢Ůսս졣
СʺͰԲ졢ҲԡѪսɱذѪŽ
飡
˴ִսŻʣƵֻм֮ûл֮
ˢ
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ڰɱսȻҲǿϾ簵ɱ
֮ǰҪ˴ۿסòս㳹׷ӳĿֲսŻǽп಻
ǧɱ̫ǿˣ֮Уûʤ
ټҲɱۣõ۱֧Ѿʵƽˡ
Ҷס޷ۼ룬սƽ׵ߡ

һŻʴУԲ˺ɷ飬Ҳĥ𣬷춯صĲҽС
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Ĺ֮Ƿ׷׸пĴۣһǰľģеҵơ
貣һ۽ɱķ۷һУһĹŻɱ·ˡ
ۣ
һֱΪۣĹŻס
飡
һ۽Żʵͷ­飬󽣹һˡ
𣡡
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ͺӡ
ħ۴Уһ㣬ƣŻУԱͱԴһŻʡ
һҵսȻҶǵѾŤתս֣ǱϾѾսһԴ𣬱۶սˡ
Ǵ䣬ǲɳ֮أ˵ʧ̫ˡ
ȻĹŻʧҲͬС󣬿սѾʮŻʱС

ۿԼһıɱŭ£޲һŲҶȥԮ¡
ȫսǴˣǾһϣҲûˡ
类Ѿʧȥ˺лʵָˡ
һսܽҶȫնɱ֣ڰ֮;ԲŹ
һˣĹƸˣ̾һöڵıƿѡͷ籡ֲڹ⣬նɱ
Ļʱޣġ´ۼѾɱƿԳǬ̺ڰoֲޱߡ
ˣ
ҶǹɨݺݳںɫƿϣЩɳȥ
Ӷȭǧ磬طڣ޾ʵա
Χǧûлʵָڿر˴սನȻǻʵҲס
ۣ
ꡱ
ͬʱѪһֱ۱Ҷ˺ɻҽ
ͬʱҶιҲѣͷѪģ
ԴҶԽޣѪˣʵС
ҶҲƴˣҪնȻ۽ĹŻȫնɱԾ󻼡
˶Ĵս·ʵݺᣬ۱նѲ񷣬գƬɽʧҽڡ
Ҷסǧɱۺͷ˴˳ڳ֣ĹŻдɱ䣬ɱѪɺ
Ϣͮͮĵ֣гžƮһŨȳζ֮Ż
һ䣬һŻʱնս쳣
Ĵս˫û·Ψսס
ܼû˿תأȫǿս
зĴ˲٣ֻҪɱлָĿܡ
ʱõõڹͣ۲ŻκδϢ֮ŻҲͬˡ
˫ڲ˵ĴռϷ磬֮ǰȫ
ۿԼһıɱŭ˫ۼڤ档
֪ȥˣһȫսԼҲأ۾Ź

УһɼΣյϢϯ·
Ҫƴˣ׼ϧһдۣɱҶ׶༪١
Ҫƴô
ҶЦŭеһҶۣƶôǿʼϣ俴գȴûΣա
ۣ
ǧɱ۰æһҪɢעҶǡ
Ȼûзһһ˵âЩɱ۶
ùңսپ
ҶһȣǹԽʱ䣬üĴȥòȫӦսԹ˼
ΪӮ𣿣
ĮĿڣɫƿüģסҶľɱһ




2209 ս
·֮ϣսۺйŻɱѷѽ⡣
ûйȣսһʼȻ״̬Ƶ۱š
ĹŻҲǳǿ󣬼֮ڶ࣬һۼ׿ս£ˣ۴쳣ࡣ
һߣҶĴսҲ˹ؼʱ̣ս˲ɱͨĴۡ
ҶҲս񣬺ڷ裬һ˫ȭ죬
һ۷ԾԱԽ˭ʤռ𵽾ԵӰ졣
ԣ˭Ҳûκαȫչֳǿս㽫·ñˡ
ǳҵԤϣ
ɫ࣬ѾչֳǿսȴκβҶļ١
ÿһʱ䣬ͻĹŻʱնɱڵѪ
ͬҲ˿ǰĴۣУвսʬ·
ȻгʣȻзʧɺܴ
ķϻ̫ˣ
Ҷ̧죬һѹѪˡ
ͬʱҲɫƿУӹѣʴ
ܾˣ
һƴ˭Ҳûռˡ
ڻ磬ڻ磡
ҶתգԼıԴƾ
ƶƲ
ͬתֻ˵ٸԭ
˼Ⱥͬʱٴηȫһ
ҶǹһչֱüģҪɱش
ͬ⣬ɫƿ籡⣬һ콣Ҷ
䣡
ǹâͱƿײ·Ҫˣռγһֲĺڶ
Ҷ֣һɹնĲӣҪնס
ſһӣҶȥ˶ǳ˭Ҳûкˡ
µµ
ͷ­ҶնͷǻѪɡ
꣡
ҶҲնѪ·ӶˣϿڴڹ˸˸˿ֲĸʴ
飡
ҶӹƴŰӲҪһȭ壬īɫѪ˱̣һ㣬Ө͸ͷڰɽ˸Ź
ݣ
ɫѿ˼㣬ͷ­ߣתѪ⡣
һζԾ˱ЩҶɱ
ԭ򣬻ǲݣϣҶץᣬٵһ塣
ÿһҪķѱԴȻǿԴۺҲסġ
źûɱ㣡
Ҷ΢Ц˵ûϵŸտʼеǡ
㲻Ļˣ
һǿѹеķŭ˵
֪ҶУŭֻɱԼʧȥ侲׼ȷжϣȥǵսʤ֣пܱá
Ǻǡ
ҶЦмһΣʮΣٴΣ㸴ֵܼʱ
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ɸ죬·ϣ˺ڰ֮컯֮˭Ҳ
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·ˣ޿ˣΨƴһս
սֱӰ쵽·ͷ컯֮ͺڰ֮Ĳģ˫û·һ׵£ⳡսŻĻ
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У̾ԡѪսҲΪ˷ܡ
ǵجΣǷ˴ۺǧɱ֣˭ҲĶ֡
ب嵮ۣܶڴսˣС
˵˵ĵˣսǺ޲ýƤҡ
˫أâ䣬ǺҶߵͣҶսԶԶ
֤ͬսҲԨ֮˳֤·ϣûдѹơ
Ҷ֤أڽ£پۡ
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ţڴ֤õ籾ԴϿɣոճɵ㾭һҵĴսԵۼϤ
ǣո֤Եۼû죬գ
Ȼ˿еĴ۶ԡѪ˭Ҳ˲ǣֻܸƾʵ
ⳡսУֻҪܻʤÿ˶𣬼ȼԪս
ʵڣѪͬʱȡײ˿ռ䡣
һߣսҶֻʥ⣬һѹ䣬Ǭתռңʱ˲ɱʵ֡
ŨҵɷָƼ·һɢѪĲбϢ
䣡
˶һƣһɴϢ֮ȫΪ˻磬лɹա
·ЩˣҶѿѪ䣬ڲϵľΣ
Ҷˣȫ飬һѪ編죬Сۣۡһֱͷȫ顣
ৣ
ȻɫܵˮĽսɱһγ˱Ҷǿȣֱɽ𻹼̡
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ʣ˭ܽӵһƣ
ҲУ
١
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˵̫ˣСּ
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ڤˮ
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Сģ
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֮ǰĴսλ۵䣬Ϊˮ˵аޱȡ
ˣ
ҶȣȴޱȣԸմȾֶˮ
䣡
ȭҵȭâһУɺɫӡ
úܰɣ
񶾵һЦڤˮҶɱ
ţֻҪһڤˮմȾҶϣɽ۾
ֻҪܽҶ۾Ǳ㻹ϣϾĹŻԶĴۡ
磬Ҳȥֲʱ䣬һӮյʤ
ҶڤˮгޱߺˣӶˡ
ǧ磡
Ҷһȣָ˷ɳһſǳɢŲãϢгǶ󣬶Ȼը·ǧԱֱӽڤˮɡ
ʲô
𾪣æ߶ƿڤˮҶֲ
ҶȻһЦ˫ֽӡȻǰ˸ʮ֣ƿδռ䣬ڤˮȫδռ䡣
͹һ˫ȭضţ·ڣƵϺˣһ˫ֱ۶ˡ
䣡
˶ԺһǣŸͷɳȥɫŤˡ
һһɨƣ˵û뵽ҾȻƵֵز
䣡
ȻϢһ䣬ͷһ԰ɫǣɽɢſֲϢ
ৣ
ѿһԳ򣬸Ƭצ
ˣ
ı仯ڼһЫβ˸âо綾ɶۡ


2210 
סצᡢЫβŰɫƬȥֲ
չֳռ̬Ϣбֲ졣
ЦԪˣûܽұƵֵزмռ̬˶ˣչ󣬲֪ܱܲסܡ
ҶɫأԴǿĻ˵ı壬ǿȻһʱǿձذܣ
Ǻǣ
ЦǾҪûˣ
䣬һХǺӣҶɱȥ
һ˫צ˺أɢŨҵɷںҹеո
ϣ
Ƭ׷ɣѪŽҶӲƴһǣ˫ͬʱˣ˭Ҳûֵˡ
ռ״̬µʵֲ˹ѹҶƣβתҶͷȥ
úã
Ҷս񣬸˿𣬻ʥƣſһƬ磬赲֡
ϣ
һȭЫβ˫䣬Ǻڱ飬ս
䣡
ҵĴײҶɳȥѪ죬ಿλһ󶴣ֲʴ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳɵȥȫ䱬ˣֻʣ°ͷ­ޱȡ
ܾˣ
ˣ
ҶתɲǼ临ԭᶨǺ֮š
սû·ܼҪʤ
ȻҲ֪һսغ뱾Ҫư棬ͱҪսʤǰˡ
Ȼչֳռ̬Ȼ޷սʤҶٴγ˱
Ȼ
ڷɵȥͬʱͷʣһ¶Ƿ⣬һ⣬նɽâնҶüģꡣ
𡭡
ҶǺӣ˫âצֱӺײһ
ûûйââ˫˫ʧ
ţҶһƻӳгһɱѹ죬ݺ䣬һ־š
ɵɱ£㽫ʣİˡ
໡
ҽһãٴκɳȥֳ˾ݡ
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䣡
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ҲòĶȥҶһ˫ȭ䱬Σ˫βͶ˺
ʵɱݺύ·ǧٿףȫˡ
һߣսҲǳң۲սѪȾ·
ŻʧӲأϼƽˣѪȾ죬ӨƮ˵·ϵı
ۣ翴Ѿ۷壬Ӿʮأѹ峼
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ȥڡδһ
Ҷչֳһ𣬷ֳ壬һڹȥһδ
λҶ֣۷Ԩһʱˣֲûá

ҽһѪЩĥһ鴩͸ʱ䳤ӣ˳ȥ
·һǣһ鲻ٴг˿־Թ
֪ԼӲҶһɨɲټ޷Ρ
֮
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ҶĻ壬ҲڴսУһɵҶĻ塣
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ѡҶΧ£ֲܼѾǳף˵սʤˡ
䣡
ֲϢ죬ɱһХħ𶯣ֳͬԼսͱһ޶
Ҷ𺳣û뵽Ȼǿ󣬽ԿһΣ̱˻İأɹơ
սٴα
Ҷս˫Ƶս·ݲеĲˡ
꣡
Ҷһߵֳֻǹһǹâ編Ѳ񷣬ɵֱӽһ߷
飡
һǹķ飬ɱɢ䣬һУ䳹ɱ
䣡
ϢըĻ֣Ҷһߵ飬ѪȾ·
ҶԼɱȭɣȭâѹô
һѪսҶűʤν򱬣Ǳ
зëԽԽľѾ߾ȫȴԾɲҶ֣ǱԴֲѱɱˡ
û뵽һССϣȻɳ˵ز
ɫ࣬ʣȴ޿κΣҶһС
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һ֮ҶƣͷҰף·һǧ꣬ĥ޾Ԫ
ըѣ֮΢編صԭ㣬Щ۾

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ҶüѿһɫС˴󲽶ſ³һƬ𣬽긲ǡ

ĲҽУգ˿˿ɢ֮䡣
սĻҶڽնɱȡ˹ؼԵʤ
һⳡս


2211 սǰϦ
·һƬž
ĵɢ־䡣
ĹŻͷǸӦսǵĳܴ
ɱĺã
ۿ磬ָˡ
˴ѣǧɱ۱ϣҲ֮ʡ
Żڶ࣬飬ΪۣӰ΢΢ӰϾǴڵġ
ٳɶ࣬һġ
Ϊ𣡡
ĹŻʴ֪˿̾ҲˣȽն𣬻ǻһϣ
ۣ
ԲһŻüģֲʴꡣ
飡
ɵ۽ϣȼ˱Դ꣬һŻʹͬ
ɢдŲᣬž˻𣬻ϢΧĴۺ͹Żʷ׷׶ܡ
ۣϣܺѣҪˡڹʧɲǣ棬˵
СҲˣֱӱ䱬ɫѪǱŽ漫ҡ
ǱϾո֤ʵʵս飬ȹ֮ѷɫ٣ֵܼڣѾΪס
˽սǵĵ֮ӡҲɢˣعڴ
ǵսѪȶпᣬѪǣǴҲ䡣
ɱ
ͮͮԡѪŮսһնأŻѪƴ
üĿɷѪ͸սȹһ˶սŻʣضˡ
սϻʵһɹ⣬ն˲񷣬š
꣡
һŻ˫ᣬ쵶ֱնͮͮüġ
߳
ͮͮһ߳ſ³һǺӣ죬֮ˡ
ۣ
£һŻ顣
ѪǱŽŻʲҽһٶߣñɱ
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ڴʱͮͮ͵ϮһŻ֮УѣЩɱ

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ɣ
һе֣ŻһЦʮָһɱ⣬նꡣ
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ҶȻսѾԽ˴ۣҪһߣȴԾɲã˵ʲô
ôҶѯʣܲʲôҲɰɣ
˴۵ͷʲôҲһˣһߵȴ컯ָ֮ʾ
ָʾҶһ㶣ѿڶʲôָʾ
ġǧɱ۽ӿڣҶ˵بǶûн·ͷڵȴ컯ָ֮ʾ컯֮Ҫǳֵʱ򷢳Ϣġ
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ҶоЩԾﲻԾȴ벻Ȼ
գͬ˷˴۵飬ݲ֡
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ϾҺ׼ۼޣ̺ſֲֻкôûл
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ƶһξ꣬ڴڼ䣬˴۵һֱûгأҲûеõκָʾ
ҶҲһֱڱչУĳԼĵ˽һƣҲʵ
˿̣һָоٺһսԲ֮ǰˣּܽѹ
ԴʵĳѾһսʵ


2212 սʼ
·ͷһƬ嫵ӿ˾졣
򣬵ȴϵ򣬵޽档
֮Уͨ·Ʈڵ֮ϣɢɻ
·ģ죬˵ࡣ
Ӹ߿ո嫵У·˵֫ͷ­죬ֱһߴޱߵĹʬ
ϷĹ·ͷһͭڳɵơ
ҶڵĻһϳͭԭʥشġ
ͭϣɵ룬һСڵиɢ㡣
СֻƬҶֱָͬķ򣬻Ө͸

ǰʥ࣬ɵ
Ȼ෴ŨĺڰϢǱһ
īƷ죬ĵϣڰϢճҺʡ
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·룬ѳɰΧ֮ơ
û˿˫ƺˮˮ˴ల¡
һ죬εеĺɫ𶯣һƲ
컯ռƣȴȫ֣ǵɱһǧ˰˰ٰɣĻ޷֤ԼԦ·еЩˣôڰ֮
ƽûκλӦ컯֮·ûһӦҲǷ
컯ҪˣҰˣҲᣬĿĲﵽģ㲻Ը֣
ɫٴδڰ֮ƺȲˣϳ֣죬ͷ­һĹ·ѹ䡣
춯أһʧɫ嫵ˣ֮ȡ
䣡
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컯֮ŭһֱԸ֣ڵȴʱСĴۣȡս
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ôۣȻһΣҲ߯ˡ
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лл㣬ۣ
ͮͮгǸ͸мҶҪˡ

Ҷӻ֣ĵ۵˵Ҳ£Һɱۣ˴㹻ˡ
ǧҪСģǲУ̴ϢǻٶȸȥġĵԥջǾ
һȴĲףҶ˵û㹻ˡ
գţĵۡͮͮ£Ҷ˴ۣɱ·ͷȥ


2213 زʣΪ߹
·ͷ
嫵Ͽգ컯֮ͺڰ֮ĴսѾ׶Σ˫ƴݡ
ڰ֮ȾѪֲĵ˲϶񻯣ȻѾ֧Ų˶ˡ
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Ŀ࣬Ѫ磬˫ڶ
վһְӹŽķɣһħ
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ڵˣ컯֮Įڣ취û˵Ҫڰ֮
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ڰ֮ЦǲѪĵɱңǲܵġ
˶ԾʱҶڵִ·ͷٽ嫵
ˣӿ졣
Ҫ
Ҷ׼ɹǰսʱ򣬺ڰ֮ӴԶ
컯ƥռϷ磬ȫԻⳡսʤʱǰֻѡ
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ȻҶȴüͷڰ֮ĻȫţȴҲɲš
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ڰ֮Цúڰ֮мҥˣ˽ҲƣҲҶҪ֮ˣбҪƭ𣿡
䣬ڰ֮ȻֲϢȻը֮ݺᣬֱӱأ·ȫ飬嫵ˡ

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컯֮磬ǱģѵΪ޷Ȼ㰮ˣ
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ǧɱһ޵ȴ߷ֲն취򣬱ƽ컯֮
˴Ȼлûأײ컯֮ķֱ嵽ǰ
䣡
˫˫Աը޾ǿ⡣
ǰ
Ҷ絶ʣŭ




2214 ս컯
޾ɹնء
λԱܲ󣬼컯֮Ҳ⡣

컯֮Уȼ
գƴƼӾ磬ǿնȥżһ
Һް
컯֮ͷ裬ն졣
ؼʱ̣˴ۺǧɱԱشԭĵƼӾ磬
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ɱɢ֣Ϸ򿪴˵ң
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䣡
ȭ˫Ҷ˫ȭѪƤⷭ׹ɭɭȴҲһɱؾ
ˣЩֶΣ컯֮Į˵
ˣ
һʮԶռʱңҶ׹Ужɬ׷ǲ˳ˡ
飡
ҶըѪȾԴЩѣ⵽ش
編𣡡
Ҷؾ۱壬һȭһޱ·ѳȥ
ҵϣֻ·һ
컯֮Į飬ǿơ
һֱе𣬵ۣۣ֮ƿһУƣ
ʱɱȫĥѪⰵ
ҶݻĻҲˣޱ飬Ű
ڴʱޱϵѪֶȻãһѪӳϴ۳һƬѪڵ֮ϡ
Ѫ
컯֮ȣѪ⣬ֲɷ죬Ҷɣ
Ҷ޾壬˫չӭϣһ˫ȭԣ編ƣء
䣡
Ѫ죬ҶͽֱѪ֮䡣
Ǻǡ
컯֮ЦԽԽˣıԴֵʮۣؿҵǶһԾɡ
ңͿûˣҶЦս죬ƴһս׼
Ϊ˾Ȼ컯ֺ֮գ
ȳ׻ָ֮ٶֵģΪһ¯ҩҳɣϧòǰˡ컯֮ϧ
ڰ֮Ĺϣλ۵ľԤϣļƻֲ
ȻˣıʻҶĳֲǵһе
ձɵСˣȥɣ
Ҷһȣȫ֣編ƣҫ۵Ĺâ
ֻѾɵʵǣﵽһŵĳ̶ȡ
ֲĲ춯أʣޱܲס˿ֲѹ׷ױ飬ΨѪֲ࣬һɹ⣬Ҷնȥ
սɣ
컯֮һӣһĳѹ䣬Ҷѹ¡
䣡
ҶȾѪķɳȥѣЩ顣
컯֮ƲڱѣѪ졣
𺧣Ҷı̫ˣۣͨͱһĳ˷ɻңҶȴӲͦˡ
ɱ
ٸҶκλᣬҪ֮ƣٽҶҹζࡣ
𣡡
Ҷݻʥַֻǹ컯֮ӭ
ΪҵĴս
˶ƴս嫵챻ˣϢ졣
һƬƬ˳ֲĲԶƵ·
ĵ۵ľսֲϢǶоֲǰ£̾ͻᱻսನɱ
ʲôͮͮɫ԰ף̲סĲ
ϴ󲻻µģԲᣡţ
ԴҶǱն컯֮ϵ˿ֻܸоսĿֲȴ֪ʲô¡
Ҷѹƣش屻ΣǱɣѪⱻĥ𣬲Ҳ̶á
컯ֲ̫֮ˣȻˣҲиӴ۵ʵ²ɵ

Ҷؾ۱壬쳤ХչֶηΪ˾ȻΪ²ֻƴ
꣡
Ҷƴˣ۽컯֮Ӳ˺ˣѪ꽽һ
һսҶµһսսУվ
Ӳûõģ㻹һΪҽɵĻʯ
컯֮Į˵
˻編֮⣬ҶõһзвѰ
ȥУ
ٴؾ۱壬Ҷ𲻶Ҳʶһ㣬öԷķֻԼ
Ա֮ʩ컯֮вͨģҶαشΪһ㡣
ն
ͬĴ󣬾ԲٷˣҶһҧնȥ˺컯֮йصһзɱɢֻ֣ԼĻ編
ɱ
ҶϢ䣬˫絶һ𣬷ֳ壬Ҷͬʱ컯֮ɱ
¡
ҶЮ֮ϻ컯֮ʱɳȥѪ罦Ѫģݷ˳ڵ֮С

컯֮ҽУͷˣԴѺۣЩ顣
ҶƲˣӰ򣬽컯֮Χм䣬ϿŹһδαĵ
ս磬ǿ߻Ȼ·ĩսһ㣬гĪĿ־塣
ҶչֶΣ編ȭըϺ컯֮Щˡ
߾ȫ֣Ҫɱ컯֮׳һ
컯֮ҽУŭ£δԹôĿȻڰ֮Ҳ
ȴһеŴشɱ
ò˵컯̫֮ǿˣҶΧŹȻܼ֣ʼղ䡣
ȡ΢ʣԼ࣬һδ壬мܶܣȫҶսС
ɱ
Ҷս񣬽̤ǹѹ죬ȭŽδ깲ɱꡣ
컯ֻ֮أһδαҶ壬Դ챻ˣǱ˼㡣

컯֮ҽУ˺һǣ˳ȥͱԴȼգЩԻ١
һΣ˱ѪҶɱ
ãڱɱ֮ǰ˳ʱΣ




2215 ıţһ
һ̣ؼž
컯֮ܵɫܵˮ
ȻδŭҲû˻ɫһ㣬ˡ
Ҹıˣ㣬Ҫ㳹׻𣡡컯֮˵ޱȣܽµĵס
ǾҪûˣ
Ҷȣһ֣ٴ컯֮ȥ
ռһսҶնȥ˺컯֮йصһзŤתս֣ѹŶִ
컯֮ŭо쳣ԭѹҶ
Ȼû뵽ڰ֮ѡԱټϷ˺ɱ۵ԱشսӲԭ߳ɡ
ˣѷֽҶѹˣôսڣα塣
˵ֱܴ裬ŭ
ۣ
Ѫɹ䣬Ҷȭ컯֮꣬Щĥ

컯֮һҽУǱ˼㣬ٴα򱬣۹Ƕ飬ͬɰ
ҶҲα˱壬۾ȴԽǳл緭ӿǺ𣬿ֲ졣
־ᶨޱȣһǰƣǺӣϰ˻ġ
ػɿգ
컯֮ŭţʱӣݻһУۻݹǣԪ
ʼ𣡡
ҶҲĥʱ˥ϣ׷ԲԣоʧȥԪ
ռңֶӡ
컯֮ƴˣֽƵ·ˣһռҶնȥҪն飬ֱӡڲͬʱգ޷ؾۡ
磬һУ
Ҷƻʥ⣬һ磬ʱյɣֱ
ҶڶԻ編ͨ͸˽⣬ʵһ֮䣬
˼ҴսЩ嫵ˣַɣնء
ҶڣһƬأԴԴΪṩԴڲ֮ء
ۣ
컯֮ٴα飬ѪȾ˵ѾǲǵڼαҶˡ
еĽҶЧ㤣һĲϵ³ӹͷð
ҿ㻹Σ
ҶĮ컯֮Ķڣ߷ѵ
һֱۣ֮ϣȴ˵òĿ־ٴӿͷ
׿ʢһ·򵽴۾ܹģֻкڰ֮һˡ
ȻԪȻʤȴʼ˭Ҳκβ˭
컯֮ıԶǣΪܣԴԴϵΪṩʵ֣
һʼڰ֮ȷ˴Ҳһֱݷԭ
ڰ֮磬ڰƽһ֡
һΣһӶۣڰ֮ˣ֮£ֻԱ컯֮һͬ
ϧ컯֮ӹһ٣ûе
ȻȴовҶս£ȴ·ȥȻ䡣

֮ʣ컯֮ڶͭɶͷɹ⣬ڡ
硭
ղһӰ߳Ҷȥ

Ҷ󾪣û뵽Ȼ·
һʧ񣬶Ԫ壬ΪΪѸͣҲӦóﰡ
飡
ʧһɲǣ䣬һնҶꡣ

ҶҽУֱӷɵȥüѿѪʣ֮ЩϨ
ΪʲôΪʲô
Ҷͺ˵Ĺǣµˡ

컯֮Цϣû뵽ɣͭҵ껯ʵ壬һƻڡ
شҶ컯֮ãѶʱԽҶѹ̵ıԴĵ
ĺ֣ɽɶ¯Էһû뵽Ȼõϡ컯֮Цۡ
Ҷû˵һΣܴأ񶼰ˡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ֣ʵԿѹۣȻûзҲ˵
ˣʱ䲻ˣ·
컯֮Цһ׼Ҷȡɾͼ
Ҷһ¯ҩĵֵʮۡ
Ҫ˵̫ˣ
Ҷ󻺻վ𣬻ֲϢ˵ޣ˫۳죬׹⡣
㻹ʲôֶΣ
컯֮˵һĳ취ӿҶѹ¡
ˢ
ҶӰһתʱ䣬ڼ䲻ݷ֮컯֮ȥ
ðգǶߵĻ϶Ӳ컯֮ɱԹԹ䲻⣬ֲܴ
䣡
ͭһ𣬱ֲĲҶնȥ
ϣ
Ҷۣǹնֱӽͭɳȥ

һҽУһ⣬ûͭڣʱͭ·һֲϢѹ졣
û
˷ǣ
ѲǸ컯֮ķ

Ҷƴȫſ磬ͭսȥԻգҪĥͭꡣ
ɶ
컯֮󼱣ƴҶҪͭ޵򲻿ʧ
ҿ㻹ʲôֶΣ
Ҷն컯֮ͭϵĮ˵֮ǰ˵Ļֻؾ˻ȥ
ۣ
컯֮ѪһǼãһġ
УͭҳͻײһƬƬ磬Ҫ
ȻҶԻ編Ѿһ֮䣬ҲԻͬѹͭá
ɱ
Ҷɱ죬ϣ컯֮ϿѪΡ
ˣ
һαҶ򱬣컯̲֮סˣһȣҪΪɱ㣬ֻҲԸƴѣ
ƴԣ
ҶĲס֣ȭ򴩹ŽδˣֲĲֱӴ磬޾
ããã
컯֮ŭЦ֪չǿֶΣܻܿ䡣
ֻǣһҲԻȥˣϾѾԪԪѾɺԡ
䣡
컯֮裬·δһŲͬ
ÿһ£컯֮һ֣ͣµʱѾع鵽۷壬ΰڷŨܣ˫˸ǵĹâ
սҪôҪô
컯֮˵
һɹ⣬ҶȥָƼǺӣ·Сڳ͡
編򷨺һ⣡
ҶţȼͱԴǰɱ
䣡
ս˶編ʹ취ײû˵
ҶԪƳ޾ȫһƴؼƣ컯֮ս
컯֮ķ֣ԼȻȫѹˣ취򲻵л編
֮ٵأ
컯֮ţ˫ֽӡݻأҪҶס
ͼ
Ҷһȣſ³һŵͼ̻籾Դ컯֮üնȥ
꣡
ͼһն컯֮ͷ­ʿĥꡣ
ıţһҡˣ
컯֮Ȳʣл𶯳һ仰󳹵ɢޡ




2216 ֮
컯֮ھۣ
ԪƿشۣӲ
ȻȴˣǸ𣬶ҪȫԼ
һгɿգıɢ
ҶĬ룬Լ᲻컯֮·
ΪΪ˳ɶһУΪۻ
ԸɣҲ
ҶĿ⽥ᶨ컯֮ʯĳҲ˽ˣ
οڳû̫Ұģ
ȻΣ
ô
Ȼ󡭡
ԼȥֻʣԼһˣǿգ¼
𣡡
Ҷ쳤Х޾ʣ޸
һսܴأζЩ䣬Դˡ
ˣ
嫵޾ɼ룬ƣΧ棬
磬شɢ˶֪ˣһģ·һʧȥʲô
ţǸоޱȵɣƺһˣʧѹ
ʲô
Ҫ𣿡
ǿ߲ɣ׷ۣ֪ʲô¡
δʧֻǲѹˣ
˾ϲķ֣ԼԭһֱͻƵƿڴ˿̲֪ͻˡ
Կɱ֪ȴһϣһͣ
˾ϲȻԣȴ֪һ£˵Ǻ¡
·ϣĵۡ»ʴۺţǣҲͬӦˣԼڴе긴飬Բˣκ
ô£
ӱ˴˵Ŀж˾ϲ
һϴ󣡡
ţЦտһϴģûֶΡ
ĵ۵˷׷׵ͷϿţĻҲãһҶΪ
·ͷ嫵Ͽգɼ롰䡱һըҶ߳ɱ䣬徧Ө޹
ˣ
һֱƿ磬Ѱͭ˿̣ͭʵˣꡣ
޳
Ҷһ̾ϢһֱΪˣϧԶܳˡ
Ҷʩչɷɶע޾Ѫ칦Ҳ̻ڶڲ
䣡
ɶֲͣϢѹ졣
ûʲôܹκԣɶͣûκٽ¡
лл㣡
ɶoһ۵ȻС
ˣ͸һְɣɶ̵o˵
ͽжɣҶԺйճ󣬶󣬽һζμɶںϡ
ţһ죬ٴγֵģֻǣǸʱĶѾǹȥĶˡ
ɶļ䣬ֻ̤·֮ǰûһĻԣںϳɹɶҲֻ֮ǰļ䡣

ɶҶѰ˱ѹ˿оƮš
Ҷ֮ȡУ޸п뵱һ۷СʿԪûдﵽ
Ѿվۣ֮԰죬Ӳ񷣬֮ˡ
ϸһĻĻһ㡣
ƾۻ굤Ϊˡ
ˣ
Ҷһ֣ɶСģҰСɢŹӵϢ
ǷûɶУҶڡ
ľͷ赲Կһ嫵磬ݷ裬޺ա
򣡡
Ҷ˫ֱӱԴɲǼ䶴ܡ
ɣвֳʣӻ˵˥ϡ
Ҿ͵ϣ
ҶͷҲصķ·
һҶ˲Ѱţǣһֱӵǰ
ϴ󣿡
Ҷ
ۣ
λҴĴۣΧѯľ
һѾ
Ҷһ̾Ϣľԭԭĸ֪ˣʱǡ
ô
컯̫֮޳ˣһż񡣡
˶ǻģҲһ
λ߲ѣ컯֮Ѿˣ֪㣬Ⱥڰ֮ɶ
鶼Ѿȥˣ
ҶοˣλҲܾûлȥˣҪҪȥһ۹
һȥһˣ»ʴ˵
Ѿţе֪ĺ˽һĻʳȥһۡ
Ҳȥɣһ·ϣҲͦĵġ
ĵҲͷ˵Ҫȥ˳ָһ̩Լĵͳʧˡ
գҶһ뿪·ԭ·ص硣
ĵۺ»ʶ㹻ĳʣʱڲ˥ҲԸҪԭ
ͬʱڰʮһǣ棬Ϣٴÿһ䡣
𾪣׷ʮһĤݣĻֱӸϹΰһ´ۣĿô۷ɡ
Ȼǲδڰʮһֱͣ˺գ硣
λˣҪȥ
ոս磬ĵ۱˸ǣ˵Ҫص
ĵԵȣͬһȥ
ҶҲص򣬱ƽҪǿ˺
õģĵ۵ͷȤܹͬУĪɣ
ˣͱקˣҶЦ˵
Ǿʹ˱Ҵһͬɽ磬ɳɡҶ֣ص˵
ãǿɾ͵ˡ»ʴۺţͮͮ˵
˻ɹ⣬ֱͬķȥ
߰ɣ
ĿȥҶĵ۷룬һֱӽڵϡ
Ԫȥˣû仯
Žµɽ󴨣ĵ۸пǧ
Ҷû仯
仯̫ˣ
գ˷֣ĵȥ̩ɽҶء
ۣʱһգĵ۵ԶԶشѾ̩ɽ֮ۡ
ãҵ㣡
ҶЦһʥԭʥء
ۻˣ
Ҷһ̱˺䶯ԭʥؼˣ˶еһУҪ۷ɡ
ҶЦֻðңȼĸ֮һ죬ҵԸ
˿̣Ҷ껡ϡ顢ϻáܰˣҶΧм䣬ѯľ
ҶûֻǼԵ˵һ飬˵ġ
ϵ̫ˣҶҲ۶˷ܵСǡ
ϵ¡ؽܣã˼ҵŮҶա
ҶһѧСŮҶƵĽܵ
Ҷգֺã˭ȡģҶס
ҶºһЦ簮ץϵֵ̣
ְֱ
СҶ˵أȴҶرףһҲ߹Ҷ۾ģۡ
ãְֱ
ҶһѽָһСӣǵһЦ
⺢ӣҶûôףܰһԳŮĴף۾ȴ簮
ϵƫۣСʱûҡҶһԷ޷ȻǳõҸ
Сӣ
ҶʱҾԱţǵһ㣬ʲôɲģ
һžۣڣ˼ҵܰʲôġ
ۣ鶼𣿡
սҹҲҶʵ
̫ѾҺҶֵˣԼ䡣
ˣ
ҶãҲûЩϸڣ˵һжˣڰҵԴͷȫˣӽ򽫲кڰң


2217 ɼ죨ȫ꣩
֮죬Ҷ㿪ɽţǲԭʥصˣ
һʱ䣬ԭʥسģĵۺ»ʴ۶ˣҶһ
Ҷͻ󣬲٣úܶඥéٿ
죬Ҷɽ̨ۣɹ⣬д
һ̣죬ǵأף֮ϣѳ
򣬸ǿ߶ǿն۴һޱȡ
Ҷһԣǵ壬Ȼ֮ࡣ
콫𣬵ӿȪԭʥأɽơ
߶вͬջջͻƣջСҲȣ⣬ֻ۶պд档
ҶûĵȥΪԼҪ¯ƾۻ굤ˡ
ۻ굤ֳƾת굤֮ЧҲʶʶĵҡȣ秵˵
ƾۻ굤ҲãҶȫ׼Ѱ߶óɰΣ¯ڰġ
ǾĴֱʣ֮⣬۸겻ɡ
һ׼ͣҶһͼģɶ׼浤¯
ûкʵĵ¯ֻɶպϣɶ浤¯´ࡣ
䣡
ΪɶȼգֲϢλ۶㤡
Ҷ׼һͶɶУʱ̹עŶڵ״
꣡
һҩû붦ڣɲǼɿݣΪޣһ˿
Ҷ࣬һҩͶȥ˿ԽԽࡣ
ĿǰΪֹһδɵҲû˿ƫ
ֵλҩˣҶԴۻͶڡ
һ糣ۻݵҩЧı˿һ
ϻ
һҩͶɶУҩζԶҲᵽ갲̩ˬ
ǺֶΣ
ĵۺ»ֶ̾Σﲻ
ؼʱˣҶţö˲ιͶɶ
˲ιݻ˵ǿٵʱسһ֮Ч
飡
ö˲ιͬʱ飬һεˮΣϸһʮţɶڵתɵϢת
̣
ǧ˿ˮε£׷ײϣ֮һԲɢŨ
ҶһһˣѾǳɣֻգͶȴˡ
һ̣ŷ֣ԼѾ͸ؽķѵ
Ͼۣһ֮ɸԭעɶеĶ
պҶ֮ȡٻͬʱԼ߶𣬺֮ͬʱɶֲϢ档
˶֪ƾۻ굤ûһ˸ҴţԶ˶ûС
붦ɲǼ磬ҩЧʮŵҩϣγơ
ϣ߳Ҷһͬȡۻ굤ѡ
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λۻҶǵһ
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ۻʯ˸˸ַģҶԶ֣һ˿һûƫ
ԭʥضڽȴУսۺܰһ˱ѯϢ
֪ۻ굤Ѿɵʱ򣬽ϲ
ȴ꣬ϣˣ
аҲǳοĶŵӣѾԲˣҶܾȻҲˡ
պˣҲȥȪ֮¼ˡ
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Ҷһɲǣ׹ϲԲĵҩٵ˵
ҹ
Ҷȭâ죬ֱӽ׺ˣ˭УϲԣҲҪһȭ֮
ɢҶȡʮöۻ굤ˮģ˫ۡ
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ĵȴ
Ҫˣ
壬ڹעһĻҶǿƻɢ٣ȫˡ
۾ۣһ޶ϲҲֶֻԿ
Ҫ˼䣡
Ҷбл̨ϣιʮöۻ굤
ԽģҶһֱġ
ʮöۻ굤Ӧ˵ǣһʵЧͬ
ֱꡢػ꣬һ壬ۣΪΪ࣬ΪΪӢ
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׹ֽ֮Ϊϲݣ㱻ɢһΣҪ½ѣֹҶ

Ҷһȣֱ٣ϲԶûƢˣԹԵĹˣҲҽ١
ʮƶ涼ˣ׳ۡ
⣡
Ҷйϵƿռ䣬»ȪΪлǡ
һ졢졢졭
һܹȥˣδռͻȻ޵Ĳʶıٻ
һ
ڣĻؾˣҶϲȴ˿鲨ղ裬ǹλ
ȻӡáСâţ˻ָһ˿
̡ӿȪ͹ء׵ߴѨλҲâ

Ҷϥأ˫ḧƵ
㣡
ã
ܰսҲǰغ飬ȥʶ
ۺô
㻹ǵá
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