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ݼ飺
ӶҡһΪðƴү
ֻӽӣԵİݡ
ƯŮܼңǣУȫϮ
ǺǮұǮǣôңҪǷǣذ


1 
ա
еһߵԢ̨ϣվһλĽ׳ӣһǷӣһѵӢϣ¶ЦݣҲԵ쳣ı䡣
ǹֵУһûеȥ⽣Ӱ£ҲӦһ˰ɣ
ĿңԶϵ˲䷢ı仯һ̣ܹظܵı䣬಻׵Ĺ
ҴѲձҪǴҡҵĶ˭Ҳߣһûġ
һ߳ƵöŷɥһӶ֮ǰֵһΪݺʧ֣ڴ֮ټܶഫŶ˵ѾһƬ֮Уʬ޴档
ֻ˶ϲĶӶȴȻĻص˹ڡ

εεΣ
𣬳ֻʾһʼѡ
飬Ѿ˵ˣȻѾˣôӦȼ־ڵ񾡹Ѿʺ㣬˲һֱţ׳⡭㣬̩˽˻ȥǱߣͷʱ֪Щʲôˡ
壬Ϣһʱ䡣ظʼ
һо½ԹˣˣϻΣӱܲ˵ġ
Ĭһ΢˫ۣջǼĻظһ֡
ã
С󣬳һжӾİţϰִʮͱ͵⣬ΪһѪĹӶ
񣬵С꣬һӶ˵ĻԼ飬ǲԸȥΥΪ˵ϵ̫صֻҪһھҪϵıǿ

һ׺ɫƤ£رһſʵӣ˭õһλĵҪԡѪսӶ
ʱţ߳ȥӸڵķ߳һλݵŮˣһɫȹӯͬʱһī
ɨŮһۣɫվڵǰȫˣһĻŮ˵־ǰīһмߡ
ôκһǰ뷽跨ֺˣȻڿһ֮󣬺ܵĽӣ
ĸĽ޷ˣаԸ̣ҪôǶԷڹ򶨣ҪôǶģҪԼע
ݴˣ˽ȥϻһݵ̬ȴ˫ֱأվ棬ʱ䡣
ι㵽²ȥ
һĿһۣ̲ʵ
ҼˣҪˣʲôҺ㣬ܶмأʵһ㡣
䣬ϵһ˿Į˲תΪһɢ̬ΪǵŮˣЩˡ
ʵɣһֱŮشԣµ飬˻һʱ԰ŮҪҲ󣬳Żӣǿɾĺܱˡ
˵ͬʱһֻĿ⣬Ů˵ϲϵߣǴһֺܻЦݡ
̬Ҫʲô
ľٶŮЩŵĺ˼ԸЩǿƣֳ棬Ҳ֪ӦȥӦԡ
㲻ҪΪеɫµ˾Ͷ㶯ͷ٣ҾͲִ°Ȥأ
˵⻰ǺЦ˻֣ͬʱű㳹׵ĹˣĽ£ͻȻ˹оԼˣˣϽȥסݵİť
ϧһжѾˣѾ½վԭأһץļæš
ղţоֹĸı䣬ﵽ˳䲻ЧôһҲ򵥡
УûмˣܹʹվǰҲ͸ЩʲôرֻЦȻᣬȴһĪ
ˣǧҪ㣡


2 ۿ˵
У̩˽˻
׼ʱ䣬㣬ߵĻſڣֻʱվſڵĴþס
˽˻ҪûлԱǲܽȥġ
һλװĵӣվڳǰסȥ·ϻһЦݣڽʵѡ
ڵңҲܽȥ𣿡
װӣƫݣ͸¶һֽƻʣų˼ۣ˵
ܹˣҪôݣҪôеλģҲñ㣿
վǰһ±ӣһλӶ˵˭裿Ҫ߾ߣ˭˸ǸҵѾһȥˣԸԼˣҲԼֶΡ
װĵӼһ£¶һĨζЦݣϸ˵òҪҶȻʹġ
˵⻰֮󣬳ϵЦһţϵֱøǵ߽˻档
λӣɫ䣬ܻ׷ȥɻûϼӱ㵹˵ϣһţһҵİ
ûлͷϵ̬ޱȴݣκ鶼޹أϵ˶޷Ӱ

һݻĲڣһλҡӣ΢˫ۣչֳһɫߣվһλĽʵıڣ˫ֱһԲ־롣
С壬˵֣ô
ղŵһƣȴھҪǸղλþ˵ĲҪһ֮һھͻɢһôȫĽǣܵѣ
νпŵһ־ǲĳ֣ҲĿҡӣ˵ͷ˼ʵ˵ֶκȣ˭
ֻǼ򵥵ĳ֣޷жϳʵֶԣǵӦⲻ󡣡

ʱ̩˽˻棬߸Χס˳һλɫҰ׵Ĵþ˵Ĳ֮£˹֮¶Ŀ⣬˵ŸɶѡСӸˡ
ûеȳ֣һӰȻ֣ĺǳ⣺һﲻ֪ĶȻҵү
ͻȻֵˣվڳǰĳ֣ΧıԼþ⣬Ϊڳ˶ɵݣǳϼܲõڣûʲôְλϼŵ˾У˭ҵ
󡭡үɫҰ׵ĴþסˣղԼҪϵСӣѵǳڹ̫ү
һλͻȻֵӣΧһۣ漴վڳǰϹϾʵүʲô鷳𣿡
ҲŪף⵽׷ʲô飬Եر𵭶ǰλӵϣ˵ҵ飬Լ
ļ棬˵Ŀһ΢һʼ⿴ƽľٶȴ˵ıܷӦ̺һǿھҪһ˵Ļֱͬ磬ľ
ˣһˮַ̬ļ棬סһ㣬ܶԷôӦԣɽ
ܱ˿еİأȴ֪
һƲֳһֹЦݣɨһɫҰ׵ĴþͻȻһŷ˳ȥ˲Ĵþ˶˳ȥڵϣ˹ȥ
˵ҪϵңôҲͲĹ㣬ҵԭ򡣡
һз̫ˣϵ·񣬻ǿֶΣ˿Ŀģرһֻ֣ǰӵļϣƺںһ壬޷ֿ
ˣʲô飬ǿԼ˵ˡ˻һظĸоˣһεѹ
ҼүѾʱˣ


3 ðƴү
һݻĲһλӣһһޱȴݣܵǽһЩﻹһɵĲ㡣
ʱһλ˽һݵƣܶݵˣܶԷεαװһֱʵʣȴʼڡ
ǰˣȻȥºͣǾһıĸоָоֲ̫ԡ
ֻ˵ʣص̫ˡ
ֺ֪ܲʦкˣ
ĺҪֻҪҾʣ飬ͿԲùˡ
˳ĻЦͫף̺һĿ⡣
˿һִĳϼţۺ㲼Ȼò˰æģֻЩ⣬˲ˣҲֻһӣΪ˱Ҳϣ˵ҰУϣš
ôһ˵׵ˣ⻰˵ˣҲһҹӣ±˶ϣԼȰһЩĵһϰ֮󣬲Ĵү˵ǰ
ֻԼôĶӣҲͻӵİȫΪϲȥһѾȥˡ
ԭһðƴү⻹˼˷Һܳһʱ䣬Ҫһ¡˵
ֻҪκ㶼
һŵĻ൱зϾһͼŵƿߣһڳУȴֲֵһᡣ
ôǹֵ꣬Ѫȷ磬ʲôĳûмϼھްһĴڣ۹ڣϼֻԵ΢
Ĭãüͷһһ˵Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣôҲͿһɣȥ飬һõѧУ
ǰλӣάһ򶨵״̬˳ĻҲһ˿仯ûϵҪ
飿ô
һְŰɵּ̬˵Ϊ㳣ڹû˼ʵĿǰʲôݣֻҪҳҵĶӣô˶ǳϼŵĴү
˰֣ƲԸȥˣɢ˵ЩԼȥɣϾˡ

һ죬ýС湫ݣϼŵ̫үڹ⣬ڻع̳иҵ
˫ֲڿ㶵棬ڽͷ켣ķУϸֳһֲõЦݣƽӣģҲһֱڴ
һС꣬һǿӶǴճ˳ĺ˯ɹѩУõ׷ҲǹָĵĻջ۷ſ
ҲźΪʲôͲͨһ
ͱӦһѧ棬裬С椵ģǿżճ۳ڻ̵ĵԡѪս


4 쾩ѧ
󣬳ϼŵҵͬʱһŴѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬һ𣬳һӶҡһ䣬ΪһУѧ
վѧУĴſڣɵЦЩϳҲ뵽ȻȥһѧУ顣
ѧԺԾһഺĵطһֻգ߲ʱȹŮ߹ˬ̬崺硣
ʱһγʻ˹˳ԼһλپµŮǰŮ˳Ʈݣ磬һǳɫȹճģǽһ崿ʣչֵ쾡¡
ƿˣ߳һλ۾ӣȥľģһ׿ɵзﻹһõ廨ʼմһ˿ȵЦݡ
СѵͲܸһλ𣿡
ߵŮüͷᷳĿѾ˵ܶˣǲӦġ
˵⻰Ů˴˹ȥһ̣ԭ˹ĵӣͻȻɫ䣬һץסֱۣ˵ˣǸҪʲôݵˣ̬׷㣬ȴҶҲмһˣ
ҪʲôſҡŮ̬ţæ˵
ȻĲУôҲֻӲˣǧҪңһжƵģȻĽҰ⣬һΣԺ϶ĸԸĸңҾͲˣϻ½㲻Ůˡ
һĻվߵĳЩˣӿ˹ģһһ͸¶ӵܵɣǰѳһ㣬ѡԵˣôĿŵˣҪôɵҪô̡
Ŵ磬Լ̸ֹ£ӦòɵǳڵԽָ߸ϣ޷Ը
ͻȻһֱֻۣ˳ȥץ½ļϣʱһѵû˵ֻ¶һŽ׵ݡ
½ҽһϽɿ֣ǰĳ
֪˭ҶңԺͱ쾩ѧȥ
վԭأޱȵͶ䣬˵̬ȻԴǵ˵·ƽҹȲȡ
˵ͬʱŮ˵ǰη壡
СӣͲԼվܻⶼʲôˣӢ۾ôģôѵ㡣
žžž
֣ȭͷһ̣ȴһʹУһĭѪ˿һͷۻĴ
סҪ˵໰ѧУ⣬ǧҪңΪһǲˡޱȵİ˵
תӣŮˣ¶Цݣ漴תһģ˵ŮѾûˣˡ
ղųվǰʱѾһְȫĸоŮ˼ɣϵ̬˸ӵı仯֮ǰһ䡣
һҪСģ½ҵĶүȨƣ˺ܼǳʱᱨ㡣
˵ͷûŮԶ֮תӣߵձԼѵ½ǰ
ι֪Уô𣿡
˹ŵϽ˼ղŵĶݽ֣Ѿ˳ֶΣԹأȴֲұ¶
ǰߣҹա


5 𲻸ҹ
쾩ѧУ칫ҡ
һƼţԼ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ǰһλ׷ԲԵͷӣһ̾˫۰հŦۣеĺܴҡ
ǳ̻ĶӰɣʦû뵽һգ۵ĹĶӶôˣ
ǵģ˵ҽѧܼ˵
ڵˣŶ飬Ǹ飬ֻϣѧ֮ٸǵ鷳ϾЩҹӣһ̫ĸˣһԲϾʹ֣ɡ
ûиĻᣬͷӲһ绰漴ֱ۾Ϊɢ˵վҶǰˡ
һΣͷӣҲ֪˵ʲôˣûãУ칫߽һλ׿ϵŮˣЩ죬˵ɫܺá
ʱͷӣɽ˫ۣƸӦʲô˵߰ɣմӹЩӦʵչһ¡
䣬ԵΪԾΪոӦ˹ʱƺͨͷӣȻȵĿˣѵҲһϰˣȻôĸӦ
һıŮʦŲӯ˽˳һ㣬մȾһֵζ
ã˻֣һк
ǰתѧɣŮ˵ʱϸֳһ޵ЦݣϢĸо
޵գҪ˵ǱˣʹǳֳȵˣҲһȻĶĸо
Ժգ
뿪Уİ칫ңڽµĴ£߽һ棬һ·ϸ󣬷Ů˵ģǳһĴڣǰ͹̣һ׼ĴŮ
ͬѧǣǰһλͬѧҵĻӭһ°ɡվڽ̨棬Ӻ촽ջһ׽·ǽǰĲλԵĹ˳
߽ҵһ̣ڽҵһ䴦һ׵ӣĿ֮͸¶һַŭߵһˣͷӶ˵
ûãߵˣ۷֮䱬һײеľ⣬Ŀ⣬Ѿó׽ˣΪ̶ֳȣκֻҪɱܹ
ɫɨ˹ȥ˵Ŀ⣬ײһ𣬶վŵ˵ͬѧ㲻Ӧҽһ𣿲Ȼ¿֮ûнܵĻˡ
ԵĻлԸЩѧ᲻ܵ˵ҽֻϣܹĶ飬ѾͿһ⣬ǵôͲݡ
Ҳޱܻ䣬ĿɨĿ˸ղ˵һˣԼѧУſڣѵ½ϡ
񼴿񣬰һӵǰҳ֣ôҲض㲻ݡ
һϮµĽ£վڽ̨棬һһЦĻ󣬵ǾĿ⣬ȴڲϵرĿ˳ϣƷκ飬ȫӲ۾
ӽµİţڽҵһ䴦ΪղŵԣߵһСͬԵޱȽţܵǣ


6 
棬ȵİ
ſΣŵ½磬˫̺һŭضųߵӻóһֻɫޱȵ͵Ĵŵ绰
գ˱仯һЩѧѾˣرڳߵСͷĴ󺹣ͷ̧Գ˿־壬ǲմǷǡ
ιѽôͷ󺹵ģ߿һ㣬̬
˵Ȼ¿ˣҲҪġ
ͬ˪ӣήҲѹǿ־תͷһŵ½翴˼ۡ
ʹˣ½ߵӣһֽţ˹ݺݵָ¶һвĿ⡣
˶۸ͷˣʹôһֱȥҷ𣿡
ϱһֲ²̬ܻͣߵӣĬһŵתͷ˺һۡ
ˣСʶϵĻӣ꼶ûм˸ҵߵ½磬½ҵĶүǮġ
һЦݣһǵصСӣһСطĸҹӣҲԼǰⲻһ
ڴʱվڽ̨Ľ£¶һЦݣͬѧںڰдĿܽ𣿡
ŵȻ΢Цվҡҡͷ
һĻںСЦ侮ʯ˵Ļ⣬ȻǶǰˣ㻹ɡ
ʦǲѧϰܻϣһŬģղǰϵСͬѧ˵⣬һѧϰĽ
һľ
һŵСɫˣڼѹĵŭرϵ̬ޱ
ôģҲ𲻳𣿸ղ˭˵ģԻشѵ𣿡
ϵļŭԷΪһʧȥ֮ܶľٶҲֻˣ˳ʰ
ȻСѾ಻סˣԼӣų˹һ̣˶ס˺ֻгһеģץסӣͬʱһƳ˹ȥ
ž
˶ˣղڵС˵ϣһϺ
ҪǻʵҾͳһʱˣɾˡһüͷ٬˵
վڽ̨ϣɫ˱仯ǳ˵ľٶرĿ˳ϣֳһָӵ̬
ϿΣﻹûʦ
һϮ·˷ŭˣҲչֳһ˵̬װεı飬˵ʦղҲˣֵģֻ
ղŵһĻ˶ˣ˵ûдȶֵˣʱĿСϡ
¿֮󣬸ȥһ˰칫ҡ
һƵ̬ղŵľٶѾ˶ıӡرͬɴ˫ۣȫŵģ
㡭ȻҴСҲ̫˰ɣҪСİϴѧУѧԺͱһϵĻӣѧУſڣȭߵҽԺ˴¡
˵⻰ֺͳ˾롣
¿ˣ˵Ľһ½̿飬С˰칫ңһ٣ΪΪеˣûһ˸ǰڨ
Ϊÿһϣôϲ̴ܵѧ⼸ѧȫͬѧǲһ־ηĿ־塣


7 ǲ
磬ʣ
СӰ칫˳沼Ѫ˿һƣǵȫͬѧǰ޷ܵ衣
֮䲻죬ҵţھȥˣôѵ㡣ص˽棬վڽ̨ϣָڿĳ
΢һ˫ۣе飬˵סһˣˣҪᡣ
⻰ƣͬʱҲһη̬ȣ
˳Ļ׶ݵСҲ̲ס˼£ȻԸܰԵǿˣԼоǰˣԼǲ
ͼŰɣҪ޶ûᣡʱˣСҲ룬ת߳˽ңְֻ˳ȥ˵ļơ
ں½磬ʱ¶һĻЦðװ׾һ˹º͵ЦݣϰԵķ˷۾
λͬѧû뵽ǻһϣԵݣΪͬͬѧķݶϣбҪһ䣬ŻлᣬٻȥɣȻһ£㶼ҪҽԺˣѾǰ֮ɲΣ
һеĻˣȫ½ģװһ˵ģ⸱ȥǷ顣
ΪͬѧҲһ䣬ҪŪǷǣҽѵһΣҲ͸ҽѵڶΣŵĻƣǿƵ˵
½ͷһʲô²ʲȥС񣬾˰Ը񣬵˼ܣҲײ
رǿ޿ֵ̬ǲһֲСѾȥˣĵһҲ
ҼˣҪΪ˸۵ġ
¶˲мһ˵̬һۣûĵ飬

ûãС˽ҵſڣһľôŽҵţŵ˵͸ҳ
̧ͷ濴һۣС⣬һУӣһȥͶ󣬲ü֮͸һɶݺݵϢ
ڳߵܽŵ˵㻹Ǳȥɣ̫ˣȥ϶¶
һִֻļ棬¶˲õЦݣƾôһ仰ԺѧУ˭۸㣬ҾͰʰ
˵꣬ܵ˹ȥ쳣˵ڽſڴܣӰ첻ã߰ɣȥ档
һȫЦվǰСһ˵طҿܻᰭͬѧ֣㣬㲻֪ҿ㻹ܳܶã

棬ʮΧס˳ɫʼղʱһüͷƲҪĥߴˣǶְɡ
վǰСоһ˿죬ôûָоΪһһظУô˵ǰɱС
˶ڣȻŰ裬ǹһˣôһݶԲһˣ
ҪǻԼҲһܹŵסرǰĳӲȥģڶģƾ˺ܶ飬ԲƵᡣ
Сվһߣ쿴ôڶ
һͷӵ̣ųȻһȭȭͷû˵ͣѾŤһȭС
ȻԷѾˣҲûгɣһкɨߵ˵˵ϣһԾȭȡԭŵС죬ֻʣվǰˡ
ǲֻѣȻô͵ˡʼ磬ĿһλݵСϣ֣ʵ𣿸һ


8 
һ۵̣˫ֲڿ㶵棬ʱΧСѾ˵˵ϣһİ
һ̣ĿСϡ
㿴ЩˣѾȫˣǲҪ
Сʿˮɺ˼ʶжôĿ£һѾˡ
һȭͷвϷŴ˷˳ȥûڵϣֱһֱֻס漴Сִһҵʹ
߳ʱѾΧ˺ܶˣֻǳǵϣ˳
رվһԵ½磬֮߳ɫһӱɷΪһֲԤУܸղŽȥˣȫϡ
ôǶﰡǹֵģǺܱǸЩҪϷˣʧˡ²˵

棬ЩԭͨǲСӣȫ˵ϣرСΪңͰ棬á
ڶֵʱ򣬿һֶΣǳ˺ܴʹ࣬ҲԵ˺ۡ
ҪִˣѧУҪ׷£Ҳ㵽ԼͷϣȻܿѧУ񴦵ˣ˹
쾩ѧ񴦡
һεӣ棬Ŀ֮͸һĮࡣ
ʱվǰ¶һ޹ı飬û˻ţôһʵͽˣղŻƾһ֮ɵһЩֺеСӣ
ѧĵһ죬ͱô¦ӣ޷졣
˵ˣ⣬رǿĿ⣬һֽթ黫˵ָʹڿΪ
˵ʲôһ㶼ס̯̯֣ƽ˵
㲻ҪװˣѧУ涯ִˣ𣿶ܶ˶ۿˣ㲻Ҳûá
Խ˵Խ壬ԽԽ˵ʲô飬Ҫó֤ݰɣһƲ͸¶һ˿Ц
Ҫ֤ǰɣϲ飬ܿͿԵóұ֤ڽѧҲڽѧ
΢۾˫ֲڶ˵˼»ʧˡ
ıĿ򶨵ļƣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôǿĵŭ

ѧУҽڣУҽΧһǵĿ֮гΪڴ֮ǰһЩ˵ˣȻһָϵ˺ۣҲʧˡ
ܣǸղżʱǷܵ˲̶ͬȵĻˣΪʲôô̵ʱ䣬ϵ˺ۻʧˣҲָ˹
ҽڣæңһУҽ𾪵ʱ෴棬ȴһɼžա
ͷӣɴ˫ּۣˣҲôѧУģҪţǻҲҪſţͱҶ㲻
˵⻰ѵ𣿡Ŀһ˵
ô˭£½ҶүųһۣĮ˵
ѵһֱңԭһƲ˵
ߣʲôΪѧУ涯ִˣָᱻɨسţȰһ䣬Żлᣬȥ˸½ҶүúõǸ
дԼȥҪһˣҾˣûˣҲ㲻Ҫҡ⣬Ǹҡβ飬ġԴǵ˵
һ̣ĵ绰
˵ʲô鲻κεĽǵϲ˺֤
ϵ˺ۣȫʧˣôܣ
ڣͷŵ绰Եޱȵľ㵣Ϊ޷⣬һЩ˵ˣΪʲôôʱ䣬Զϣ
վڽ𾪵̬Цڶֵʱ򣬲һֶΣ϶Է˵ĶأһƵʱ󣬱ԶĻָ
ԣŻ޿֣
Σǲ˼ûץסҵСӣѾûҵˣôͲҪ˴˵ʱ䣬һҪȥϿΡ


9 ̴ү
ʱ򣬽񴦵⣬߽һλ˷ϵŮˣһķΣճߣ촽ԸУ͸һ˿ջ˫ַǰԵøׯ
˪Ȼɷ֮ɫ
Ŀֻ΢΢һָƽ̧ȳȥ
СӣʲôʱˣԶû뵽쵰СӾȻôԼӣһǵŮϡ
ôҲߣѵҪҳԷסŲתͷϷʵĿԶ졣
㡭ԶöҪѪˣֲ÷ŵȻȥĳԶ¶֮ɫ
СӣȻҶӲ·ֻҪѧУһ죬ӾͻʳѰܿԶһ⡣

ʱԶŽĿתŮ¶һḬ֮̃ɫ˰ղڴһѧѡ
ΣأҸ㲻죬ԺǽɣһĨ⣬Ȼȴ͸¶޾䡣
ҲЩ棬ոǸСһ϶ѧȻҶײ̵ΣӻǲСе˼
ûʲô飬ˣ
ԶҲ֪ոյԼûʲôøˣҲǿ󣬲һԴͷ˳ϡ
߽ңޱȵĽ˲䰲˴Ÿ̵֪ôʰġ
̸磬û°ɣͬһ˿ʵ
ʲô飬θңһҪУҺһٿ䣬Ū˼Ҷ˼ˣЩ˼˵ֻ㹻Χˣ½綼ˡ
½ɫøһ㣬һҲȥҳ鷳ˣСҵ˶ûãȥҲǰ״
ɲʹգѾһ񶾼ƻ
ǳΣһֱǳѧУϧʮЩӶߣԵ
Ѿ룬ڵóԸ
ѧγϸ˵ţǳɢһγ̺ܿ꣬ûпΣʰһ¶׼뿪ѧУ
̸磬һ£ڳ߳ңһסŲɻֶ֪ͬ
£΢΢һЦóһЩš
̸磬֪϶رԺ뱻۸ˣҿԸ𣿡зǳŵĿųӾͺʦƵġ
һ죿ССͣúѧϰʲô졣
΢΢һЦ۵һ˿ˣ漴ҡҡͷ˦ԺеĲĻ䡣
⡭ðɣ̸磬Ҹһ߰ɣС϶ưոݣһҲиӦжʱһʧ䣬ܿ¶Ƶġ
㲻£
¡
Ȼ͸߰ɣ
߳УţŸճ㱻һȺΧסˣΪ׵½磬һζĿ½磬ҪСӸʲô
ͬ־ѧУڶŹ½¶ɫȴǳߡ
ã֧֣˾ٱˣǻȥܵ飡µľȡ֤ڳǰ˻Σһ
ȷˣЦеĿ죬ƽʱһûף뵽½ǸֳʶǶʱֱͦˡ
֤㻹ȰʵûȤһʮľȡһҪϡ
Ǹ͵ˣҪôߵ
ǳΣû⾯һ׵Ķ㿪Եú·
䣬ֳųƽ˹һγûˣԽΪˣס˶ԷЬ⣬һˤ˵ϡ
Ӵιͬ־ǲ˼ҿɲǹġ
˶ɵˣͬС۾ɵˣ̶һݣϴϴ̫ţˣ
ڴתһɫǳѿˤľ
½ʱǳӣеҪѶԸرǳղŵֶΣȥһɺϣף϶ǳΪ֮ͻȻоԼһǿļһ
Сӣ㡭ȻҴңϮӽҪǲץӾ͸գľǿСİʹŭĿ
ϮԩѽղԼСˤģҺιأмЦһ֡
ʱһ󼤶Ͻܵǰݡ
ŶˣǲĻԴ鷳ڴ֮ǰҿԸҽһ£ҽгϼŵĳ̣ϵЦݲתͷɫľ졣
ŭѵˣϼĸ֮󣬶ʱһǶ뵽һƪϼ̫үعˣҲѧУѧҲгôùɣ
ǳϼŵ̫үǻȥ֮϶ҪֵܴģϾڸ˽֮ǰ½ǴӦǲǮġ
½ҲЩˣһֱڸԼԲͬһˣԽԽ£Ϊһӵܣ֪ϼŴʲôǾԲ½ϼܹǵġ
үû¶ɣ
ڴʱһͣǰϼŵĴܼңԨ˳һʵͬʱɨ½һۡ
һۣʱ½ŻˣΪԨ֪ģǿǳϼŵܲεˡ
Ȼڳϼûеκְ񣬵˶֪Ԩڳϼŵķ
ԨȻǰүҲ˵ǳϼ̫ү
һʱ֮䣬˶ʱоת쿴½ȫԹޣ½磬ǾͲ½粻֪ʵݡ
壬û£ǸҿЦѣ߰ɣ
ҡҡͷ̬ǲмЩ˼ƽϵģϾһӶ޷ģڳ͸СӹҼƵģ̫Сˡ
Ŷˣ½ӣԺ˱̫ˣȻһ᲻ĵģ𣿡
ͻȻתͷ½ߣĴ½Цݿ˵
ף½ѾɵۣȻ֪˵ĸˣҲףǸ½˴鷳̼Ҫ½ңǾ׾١
̹ӣǲ˼ոյǸᣬϣȥǸһٵľʱһЦߵǰĵ˵
ģҲһСˣϣ´ʱһԼģ
һɣЩģҲ֪ԼһðƴүҲԷ
ǣǣһӴүָ㣬úΪŶˣ٣ҽʲôҪܷԸʮľʱޱȵܵǰʼڡ
ֻǵɨ˶Էһۣһϱ


10 
˳һ󼤶򣬵ǳһޱȵӣֺ֪ٴΣԼйһװ̬ԽҰֺȻߡ
ԨȻڼݳҲĹ۲λðүԷ˵ӣԨʱǳ⡣
͵סĵط֮ԨſųƵ꣬ǳΨһһҳǾƵ꣬ҲǳϼŵĲҵ֮һ
үүھ°㣡Ԩǰ˺󣬶Գǳ𾴡
壬ԺǲҪƺˣͽСˡ
Էʮ꣬ܳĲ࣬¶ʣǴһֲ׵ĵ̡
á
Ԩ䵭Ļһ䣬Ҳһ㣬ԳӡҲĹ۲١
˳ԨĴ·£˽뵽װ޵͵ݻִʮƵ꣬°ʮŲĦõĶ¥
үүˣԨţ˵
˽ᣬ̻˿ʼϲˣڼû˵ķǳãԷ˵Ҳᡣ
ȵˣ̧ͷ̻Щˣȿˣ
˵̻꣬Ӧֱӿˣǳ㲻ţֱ⡣
̻ЦûΪʧϲԨԳָ˼֣ڳ̻λ̼Ҽǰ˷ǳ͵ܹġ
ʱˣһϰߣν˷̫ʱ䡣
ȻⳡҪĻ⡣
ԺˣûгԱûгԱҿٽһЩ
̻ʱſʼӳԶȻΪ̼ҼȴҲû˿иʣ˼
΢΢ЩԾ̶ָƽ
ѾԱˣ֪ʲôżɽʵ
Ҿֱ˵ˣ̻ϵЦݷǳƻ˵һóҪ顣

߳Ƶ֮󣬳ɺ޵ҧгݣ̻϶Լ
ԭ̼ҴٸͬΪ֮һĽлԼǽҵŮͬꡣ
ҳ̥ʱ㶨£ֻǳСʱ͵⣬ڳˣȻҪһˡ
Ĳȥ˭һԼĹأԼڵǳ̼Ҵү
ƹƣǻصУҳһƾɵ·
˧˧磬ôƾɵ·ô˧žԼЦʰ֮߳䡣
㣡
ǲ
ڸո߳Լ䣬ʱʱЦδꡣ
ָСŮһݣԵְ
ɫȹǸݵȫ촽Ⱦ泯죬˾Ķǵ
åҪٸҶҾ͡͡һ˲䣬˶ˣʱ쵰ԼϷ
ŮҪôأȻ֪Լú˧ҲҺܾˣǣǸ治Ǹˣɬޱȵ˵˫Ŀȴϵˡ
Ƥ湻ģƶ򲻴¶ʱûôˡ
ң
ʲôʱˣ
ҵô֪Ƥأˣһ˧磬ȻŮɫǸˣǺã
ųһ¸оԼ۾٣ٸ쵰һԼ϶Ҫ衣
ǡãˣɫһϲϽߡ
һӰ죬˲棬ЦеĿý¶סŲ
ôŮ·Ǹոշ飬ֱЦеĿǽϸ۵ӣȻǸƷ
쵰ľٶ¶ʱͨ죬ĶˣóЩڸ
սº޺޵ĵ˳һۣŲݣ֮ɿĶ㵽ȫǾ衣
Ҽǵϴ˵ҶԴ°ûȤʼ磬Цķǳº͡
쵰Ҫɱ㣡¶ʱ
ôݶŮһãԺûҪϹģʱˣС椶ػؾֻô仰
ֵϷһ˼С椶뿪ǰʹõת
ͷӣֶңƬҲûУ̫ˣ߶߶߽ת
ֻǳŸո߽ȥʱע⣬Ϊ·ʵ̫Ʒˣһ磬Բǿ߶˿ѵܹġ
Ϊ⣬ǳŵ˽ȥڹ̨ץһۻɫ㣬ԷԼõźš
ֻǳ˰춼ûпɫȹֳʱ־ŮóԼ̻ͷˡ
һˬץ߳һٶ𿧷Щν߶ʿһ±ӣԴˣûᡣ
߳ǰһΪһˣסԼڵǸСŮ
ףԣɫȹʱ־
ȥ̻ϼһþ׶òС椶ɣ

ڳ첻ѵʱһװ¹ڳһõ廨СŮǰ
С£Բˣûʱɣ˧ӷǳʿһº͵
û£ߣҽȥɣ´ʱҲƲѣףͲã˭֪ڵǸ̬һ
һԼģȻһԼⳡϷС
˸ſڣ㿴ֳĳ¶ʱסˣû뵽ȻǸݱ̬С
ֻǵĿ䵽Ƕۻɫ֮ɫʱ÷ǳѿͻȻ뵽һܡ
㡭òǡ죬ŵʵ
Ǹ׵Ǹ˵õŮأֻһƬɻȻһźС
֪ΪʲôһοһϷĳ嶯ܻӣָоĺܲ
㡭ҪúģԼȱԷһ٣ʱҧгݣ޲쵰
С£˭˧зǳŵ߹һº͵ʵ
ãδ򣡡ϴһĨЦݣӭȥһס˧е֡
¶ʱͷƤһҪߵĸо˧дʱȴɫͨ죬Թɫһš
˵ôǺ𣿡˧Ҳ̲סˣ֣ݺݳŽ˦ȥ


11 
û뵽ôķӦۿֻҪ䵽Լϣ¶ܹԤϵԼ϶ʺӡӡ
ʱɵˣˡ
ž
Ȼһºµı۾Ƕ֮󣬺ûһʹо
۾ȻǸŮɫǰ˲磡ڴʱһ٩ζ뽭¶֮У¸Ͻ۾
ֻ˧ѾһƨڵϣŭԹĿų
߰ɣЦеߵ𾪵Ľǰһץס޹ǵСֶ뿪ˡ
ˣҵţ󻢷ģһԹӵĴȥĳˣԹĵ
ſңһٶף²ŷӦݺ˦֣ĹĵĿų
ðɣ˵˵ʲôƻʼ磬Ϊʵ
ʲô㣿̬ҵߣ»ûдӸոյת
ģҺôδ򡣡Ц
ҽ²Ӧ飬˭Ҳûá±ˣ˵
ԭн°ͦϧҡҡͷһϧ
ϧʲô
ϧԸ̫ˣֲ̫䡣
쵰Ųַ㣡
ڳں£³װֱȥ
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صԢԼ˵ʼ壬һˬˬϴ˸裬Χԡߵ̨
ո̨㿴˯ȹĽڶ̨ţѩ޳˫¶࣬Ө͸ȻĶ
Ȼ˵椶ĸɻܵƵģɷϣ椶ľԷǳ𱬣˯ȹ޷ǰġ
ֵĽͻȻоԼϺëëһøһ
ŮҪҪ֣˸кĿ޼ɵµɨ
쵰ٿ̾ͰݲȣڳǻĿ£»ڣһ̺ӣסԼ˫ȣ޺޵˳һۡ
¿Ȼݣȴе֮ʱһ죬û뵽һͦ
ɣҿûôСүĿ㾡ۿĿ׽ĿŽµ
ޣݵøŹƵģ˼˵Լ
ѽȻŮɫǣʲôʱ͵ϴˣŵ
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ϴ裬ô֪ݵøŹһأȻԵõſϣϷС椶
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ԲԼҪЩǷµծԼֻصģ
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ңȻ涯¶ˣȻǽС椶
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ŽȥĳʱһգԼôָ׵ļһأ
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ڽº˼֮ʣһӰǰѽһ
㡭ôģվԼǰĳʱ
ŮѣΪ˧ңȻҪͦӢ۾ĴһԼϻҳ
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ˣ㲻ҪҶȥЩӬߣȦ΢Ľ£Ͻ˵õľŮ˿ޡ
ٺý£߽䡣
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ꡭ
յڶƸóĵ׵ĻӴ
һѡ񣬰ڴ濨ȡңգһ֪ʲôǺڣûһҪ˼˳ֹϷţɫ
ʣǽС
Ѿͬ
˵С̥

Щ߸û˼һʳóĵ׵ĻԽԽء
ִԲ򣡡εҡҡͷһֱӳ֣Ще¼ʵһм¼豸ȫߡ
ַǳĽеڴ濨ȡͬʱЩ¼һŲ顣
㡭Ǽߣ֪Ȩ
ԣǵĶǣ
ôĵӣҶˣҪ㣡
߶Щ߶ʱըˣŭڣһҪƴӣֻ˭뵱ͷ
ûǵ˼ֱó绰˸绰ֻԨԼֻ˳̻Ԩĺ롣
үʲôӵ绰ԨʱЩɻ
壬鷳мұ־ļߣæһ°ɣһ˿𾴵˵ǳ̼Ҵ٣Ҳûзִ硣
⼸ұ־ָԨһ飬ϾЩһ¼϶ǵλ֡
õģүӣ
Ԩ˵Ҷϵ绰绰俴ǡ
Ǽ߶ʱЩģŮ¹ϵƵһòƱǿ᲻ǻˣ
һǼֻ㿪ʼ绰ĻЩһɫòҲ֪ԨˣóǳԨԼ̬ȡ
Ǽ߸ûҪҪԼʲôģһɫɥ뿪Ԣ
ŸԨ˸绰ȻһŹҶϵ绰
Ůţŷ֣С椶ҵķŴ濪Ȼкְܶ취Դ


12 ¶
ô˰è۲һ֮󣬽²Ŵ򿪷ţһСӡ
ȻˣҲү˭ƾ˧һͿЩһԱĶҪɱû취Ȱ˰죬ǲͷȻȥ˧ĲҵĴ˧һͿȷʵҵȱ㣡
һƺ쳾ӣ˵Ļ˱Ҫޡ
±Ųѣ˳ĻʱЦЦ绨Ľ£ʱһС椶Цÿ
ʲôåʱ²ŷֳԼŤݣ˳һӰ
ЦһҲֱӽ·档
лл㣡һĿų˵ӦһģǸոյԳ˸Ĺۡ
ôлң˳Ļ½ӣϴһĨ׽Цݡ
¶ʱӲϻˣȷʵĸлҲûھͱ
ԷɣԴ˰죬ôһ仰
ð˧ŮԷϹǵĹۣ
ڳĺƤѾʶˣû⡣
ͣŷ֣С椾Ȼһɫİµϳܣ泯죬ŵȫ
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顭
ʱһƿƿնݺڻëԴϣʱԴһѪ
˭˭ҴӣëʹʱŭûԹֿء
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ģԴʺǻƵطëִ˻ëԴһƣֵ
ǵС椶үһûأ쿴иˣëͲסˣŽץȥ
ʱ䵽ˣϧе˾ô޴ڻëֿҪ쵽ʱһŻëоԼ
ûдֲתëʱоԼݺϣʹѡ
Ҵ򣡡ëŭ³ųȥ
һץס£Լһٴ߳һ˷ɳȥǻë
ո׼վĻëֱӱһݺУٴſڵϡ
ľûиĹۣëȫһ𣬾ǵ޺
۾ɵôģԼһ˽̼Ҵү˵̼ҴүǶѧԺôô
ŮҪôңᰮҵģ֣¿Լ̲סϷ
νûи磬ǽĿ⿴߸һô
Ȼ;ֿҪȻŰʼ磬Ӧĵ
ǧλϵܣҪˣͳʱùĻǣʱɫ䣬ϽȰ衣
ûǶӣ±ѹѾʼ۵Ļë˵ɣô£
ֵܣ˵ɣܿЦһľ˵һ飬֪ô¡
ºףһϴѧŮͦƯģΪŮæȺƦŮ⣬Ůëϴ
㣬ڴ绰ϴ󣬶ʮʱ䣬ˣǼͿȥҽԺˣ˰֣ܷģȻˣһ鳹׽
ǣǣëʱĶ˵ģ߶µİֻóһ绰
СӣȰ㣬ڰǷˣȻǸС椶׳ϴһ绰֮Ļë˹ڴҩ˷쳣ٴαޱȡ
ģ˵ˣ۾һɣһ˦ȥֱӳڵϣðǣ˲
ܴʱǵսľȻóܴ򣬵ôһѧģôЩ˵Ķء
ϵܣǿ߰ɣģǲôģܲŮȰ˵


13 
ܴ壬ֱӽСɣģһܵ׵ģҪȻǰˣ¾Ҫˡҡҡͷʾܰġ
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ȥҰɣµȻ̫࣬㣡һ۽£ɫص
ǺЩܰԼôչ˲¡
ڣҷģҡҡͷЦпųû
Ҳûǿ󣬴⣬ȻһҪսپһʲôԼƲ˵飬Ī
ʮʱ䣬СХʮֳֹļһһ֪ࡣ
ܷһʱŵһ£Ž¶㵽ȥνûٷԣֻǶСġ
Сӣ㵨Ӻܴ󰡣ȻҴԬߵˣڸᣬԼһٸ⣬ȻС椶үͷŹ㡣һݸ߸ߣʮԽڶ
˷ɫֺɫ۽ɢâ첲ϥǣǳĸо
Ԭߣеϴӡûд𻰣ЦеĿԬߡ
ģСôү˵һëһйݺݵָų
üüͷֻȻת˲ëǰһƺݺݳȥ
žһֱӽëȷɳȥ˳ſ̨׹ȥû
ɫ˰ҽԣ㵹ùˣ
Ԭͫһˣһӣʮֳֹ볯ųȥ
ᱩʲôˣҡҡͷǳΣӭĹһͬʱһȭڶԷؿڣһһûֱӻȥ
û飬ʮڳһ˫֮¶ʱᣬɾ
ү߰ģԸЩһÿԬ˵ſڣסˡ
󡭡磬¶˵ԬԭޱȵȻϥһģСܶΪֱӿˡ
ӽҵˣ˭⣬ôүʲôȭȭ⣡ȥɣɫɭиոǺֶΣʱŻˡ
ǣߣԬĶ֮ǰİҪߣȴסǹȥ߳ȥ
ԬߵɫǳѿɱĿ⣬˶ʱһûԥֱӹҵꡣ
޵ͦˢӵİȵԬߵȥǲŴӺ߳ĿЦݿ
ǣҽǲǷԼѾ޿ɾҩİϱүˣϧүǸ֮ˣΪĳСΰҵͣģ
ƨޱȵ˵޳ԭЩصĵڶʱܷǧл
˳˷֮󣬱뿪Сꡣ
ޣʲôţתͷֻԼûз֣жôˡ
С椶ҪٽޣҲ޲飡ͻȻɫ
㰡б˱ү˭֪Ȼ泵һɣ˿
ʱ椶뺷Ѿǵˡ
椶͵ԢڳǿŽµĳ뿪ΪԨ绰Щ
һ̨Ժһпһ̨һԾװˣôϲܳԽҰ˧
İţǳ⣡
صԢÿ·ţ򿪷һ˲䣬ֻ۾ֱˣʲô
˿͸˯ȹ޳ӳǰһ԰Ȼ͹̼ųԭ椶Ƿɻܵ
𣿡ųԼŵĳ˯ĽɫƵ
ûʲôǹϲϴһĨϵЦݣ˵仰֮󣬳ٶܻԼ棬غš
ԺеĽڷӦ˲ѣүģҪţ˺㣡
Ǳ뺷ĺ£С椶ֱ̫뺷ˣԼ
ڶ糿һҹĳˬ¥ΧŹԢ
경߳ݣ㿴һӰվſڣӱӰЩϤ
Ůңۣһ
ߣҷţҶû˯ã˵ɣҪôңŮתһǵűŭ
˯ţòİɣû취ô˧ô˼ҵķݶϣͣЦеĿŽǽĵ޼ɵɨǱ֮
ޣأһĹĵĿų
һμôƯ߰ɣͣǮҿˣ
С߰ɣԣ
˵ĻһĨϼȻԼ˼˭˿ԼƯء
¥ԨѾһˣҲġ
̴٣㲻˻ܿôĳҷˣͣǸո³¶ʱˡ
ðɣΪŮҵңʼ磬ҲǮ
ΪҪѧѧУһǱȽϵεġ
ֻóɻǣ椶˳ӱȫװīͷԼʵʵģ滳ɣģѵ
ؼϺȣзưһ룬ʲġһ䣬·ǳĵһѣóĿɿڴ
𣿵ô࣬ܳԵꣿӾޱȵĵģʳָ󶯣ĸǴʹ椶ǴҪԼ
ߣһֻԶɴס±ϳƵá
òͨɣһ˿ɻʵ
ͨȫҶͨȥĶĺİ˳һۣʳ֮á
һӵģֻһСʣµȫ˽¶ӣֻ椶ĶûһЩԵĶȥĶأ
ȻҼٿ飡˵пޱȣԹѵһٷˡ
극֮󣬳ҪѧУģڽ£ѧУſڣ椶ԣֱ³һ̶Ƶܵˡ
ߣСһΪ˾¶үˣĶӵӣ¶ʱ͵Ц
ѧУʱѧУķΧ
ȵңڳԼȥʱһදУʶתͷ
ɫŷֿ㣬ɫж¶ֱۺͲϾٸ˺٣ǵһѧУſڣ½¾С
㣬𣿡Ȼо椶úˣƽ


14 ʳ¼
ûʲô飬ϴεлл㣬⣬¿κԷС򱻳Щɬջǹ˵Լ
⡭ЩΪ¶椶ϴȻǳ࣬һͲ֪ʲô·ļҾ̫á
ԣŮԼȥǾɵ˵ʱԼǮ
Ӧ˽˵绰Լõصʱ䣬뿪
صңԼǸͬСѾˣԱиλȻһԼռλѧλǹ̶ģһҲᣬ˹ȥ
ϴҰɣԺˣ˷Լϵ۾һ˵
úѧϰʲôҪοҲǻģЦЦûнӡ
ϴģѧϰǿ϶ᵢģһǾøϴǰ;ʶ˳ǿһСųһıһľ
еĳϿңĬˡ
û˵ֻᶨĿųǳġ
ãѧȥһط˵ͷǸˣǲ֪ΪʲôȴʶһᣬܲܰյסͿԼˡ
ѧĿγ̱Ƚɢηǳ棬Ϊ֪ԼǷȱʲôĿγ̴󲿷ܹɵǲġ
һʱ䣬ûмС½ڣѵ챻Լˣ
˳緹ʱ䣬һѧУʳãҲʶһ´ѧʳãȻûоܾ
ʳãʱʳѾУò֣ûа췹˸λ£ȥ򷹡
ģȻǲŹôһѧУŮĻᣬֻЩʧûпƯġ
ǳ۹ߣʶ㣬˵ϸոһС椶ͣȻ̲סýߡ
ڴʱһУŮӶŷ˹
ŮһˣȻݣȴãټǲʩ죬ˮܽذףʳõĿ⼯йȥ
ҿ𣿡ŮɨһȦֻгλһǳߣһǳ档
ȻԣЦЦֱӽԼߵһҲǴ˵еռλãڶǸλãȻġ
ллŮ¶һĨɬ֮㿪ʼССڵĳ
Ůո£һ˿㴫ǿףһ˿ȻԱŮġ
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ҡҽСɣСһ죬Ӭͨ˻治һõȻͨˡ
Сɲ¶ǣɫֺܺʺ䣡ʫȫǰԲȴŮɬͷ̧΢΢Щϲ
ʱһɫӰֱ˳Աλãǳλá
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ФǿˣҿԺˣСҡҡͷܾڡ
£ھȻԼźõ棬Ȿ黹Ҫ
Ŵүûз쭣Ͻ
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ϴôˣڴʱ̷˹˳ͻʱڳǰ
СԶФǿһǸӪӣʱЦͬʱɭȻ
ңĿԽ䣬˿ȴ϶ѡ
ʱЩɻ󣬸ոȷʵѪԣԷ֮󣬲ϳһȻ쾩ѧĴа֮һФǿŸоЩ¡
̵ݸ΢΢һЦҴ㵽ԡ
С˶ʱЩɻ󣬲׳е˼ܿǱˡ
̷ֻ˺ݺݵĿФǿͷϣ¶ȲͣФǿʱ̵Ĵ
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һЩʶФǿ˸ɵۣȻ˰İѲӿФǿͷϣǽС
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ҪһҪФǿ˫Ŀͨ죬£߳ʳãûСһۡ
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ϴ̫ˣ۵СǣϴԼֱ̫ˡ
סԼģ䲻´װƻֱӴɫ֣˵
һѪ֮ı֣Ѿ˾
ǣϴ֪ˣɫصĵ˵ͷԼҲ֪ΪʲôһͬǴѧĳΣҿ϶ǣԲΪı
ո߳Уţһ峺УóʱһƣС椶һֱû
ô㣿ȫװĽ£Ƿǳɻ󣬴ģʲô
ߣΪһٷܴңҲܣû㣬ҳԷԸеСĹĵ˵Ȼд󡾵ţȴ赲ס
û⣬ɴīժҪȻ˼һΪҴ˸˹֣ඪҵӰЦȻ֪椶ΪʲôڵԼݣȷʵ뿴С椶ڵĿġ
ǳ˹֣ȫҶǳ˹֣ĻѽҭĲᣬΧûˣЩʵȷ
ȷ
ڳ˵仰ͬʱժԼ۾ɴ¶һǵգЩ㱣椶Ưˡ
㡭ǡǽʱһֱĬŵһȫļдżɫ˵ˡ
ʶʱЩɻڵӣȻʶ£⵽ô£
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̫ˣżɲԸǩʵ˿û˼ſʵи¶ɫ


15 
û⣬ǩŶûдʣɣһͷ³רһţǩҵ֣ӣµȻһЦƳһĿɿڴĳ
꣬⵽ô£˭ܸңˣΪȷʵ֪׷ʲôˣֻԼʶƵġ
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ż˵ˣѯ£õµӦ֮Ű֪˵˳
֮󣬳׵ô£齭»һǰȻǸճȴӵһʵ˿ǡһ
²ӰǣһһǣΪֹѾԼרֻʧˣýԴ²⡣
֪˽µݣҲûýժαװˣҪȻֳأɲϲ鷳
ֲôأԭôһԭ
˷ܼ֮У˳һڸѾˣȻҲû֮ǰǰʧ̬
˶ûз֣Զһ˫۾עǵ¶֮۾֮¶һĨʧͲʡ
֮ԳĳѾﵽһ̶ȣԼż¸ϴô죬ϴ̫ţˡ
ⲻ֪ƣǰûйעЩţȻ֪£ҲΪֻǸճģҪȻһЩʶġ
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ͽҲûжͻعԢżݳص̻ԼԼĵط

Ӳˣĵһ仰ѳ̻һ
ʲôˣ̻ܿЦʵ
ȥףȥˣС椶ǸƢҪǣȻǸǣôദ˼ˮƵĿų̻
Ϊ̻ԴȻԤϣб㰲á
ѵɻһûʲôøУ˵ˣԼһܣһðƻ
ѵ㲻һδޣһǳӵ¶̻Ȼǳƽ˵˵Ļȴóǳá
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ԴǼ鷢֮ε̫٣ȥűˣȻ֪̻˵ĻӦģԸ֮С
߳ص˹ԢոյԢб¶һĨɫ
ڵϰߣÿγ֮ǰȻһãЩֻԼܹõЩøı˲١

һɫָϴּȥΪõĺۼļһʱϴּ䡣
ɫϴּ䣬ſڣƿԡҵĸһ˸ĿԼĺ
ֻǽżᳯźŲһһֻ߳˲ڴ֮ϡ
һԲŷ֣ҹµľȻһС椶ձڵסȴ⵲סǰġ
ȥһԴӲĻﴫС椶гһɢڹâذף㳯ųȥ
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ٸǾµĸƵģټ󱻳ˣһ˿ʹһҪΪ֮ġ
룬ɱҰɣС椶ǳӲ֪ԼһĶ֣Ҳ뱳Լְҵ¡
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ȵȣ˵ڳʼʱѬܲˣƴȫǿ־塣
˵ɣû⣬Էеģ϶УϧԷǸŮˣֻܳ²ߡ
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ˣȻˣ߰ɣذףȻݸѬ
㡭ΪʲôҪңѬ¶һĨ㵣ûʧ֮뿪һУ˵˾ſӡ
ûбҪ̫ˣȻɱְھŵĴڣ̫ҡҡͷûȥͣתͷϴּȥ
ѬɴӣԼеذףûȥ֣Ǹų
ûиı⣬뿪ûлͷ򿪵ӣʱڲɫ
ҲߣҪң㵽˭Ϊʲô֪ɱְھţѬҡҡͷɫȻ
˵ʵɱ֣һǵһμ治֪ǲǿ쵽̶ȵģҡҡͷε
㡭ҪѬĻû£Ĺĵ
ˣϽؼϴϴ˯ɣ̫ΣգûС椶¶һЦݡ
ҪѬɼᶨųΪ٣ǰĲλϲ֮
㻹ߣǾͲҪҶ޲ˣͻȻ̬ȣһĿŰѬһԱ޼ɵ
ãߣҪң㵽˭ѬоԼǰָֻһ㣬۰һ죬ɾǿ
Ҳ޷˽ɱʣҲ˽񡣡


16 Ѫ
Ѭƺ֮󣬶ʱɵֻۣˮĴ۾𾪺ͲţȫɱʾȻֻһʮꡣ
漴ɫЩѿ֪ɱʵʵݣ˸òҪɱԼڰɡ
ˣסʲô˵ʲô˵ӦϽ߰ɣҡҡͷԴӻع鶼ĵɱǰ˺ܶ࣬ҪǸǰܷŹСѾͷ
˵֮󣬳ֱӴ򿪷ţһơ
ллѬĬһ£תӴԾóǳŲߣҪߴɱֶģ
ûн˯ڴϣתڵʼ
һҹ޻һȦͻҲ֪ĸԣȻ͡
صԢ߳ݣ㿴˯ȹĽ˯߳š
簡ǳĵĶԽЦֻС椶ûпƵģԺĳ¥ݿȥ
ʱһɿȥʱĽѾһŲȳȥۿӾҪȥˡ
һֱǰһ§ס֫ԼС

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ſң񡭡¸ܵԼСȱ˼סʱͨ죬㿪ʼ
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Ѿˣܿͺãһ䣬ȥҪĲɿĳ뵽ͷ棬ˮһ͸ĵ׵ǹаҲ΢΢ɢȥ
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ȥһۣ۹۱ǣǹģǿԼ
ո߳䣬㿴ͨĳ䣬žһŸϡ
ôñ˰ŽǾȵӣʱЦ
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ԼŵСڿ㻹ڣûж˿²һ
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үүĴļҲѾˣͿڳڡԨʱһԴˮðүῪЦ
ҵģû뵽ϳ̻ͦ˼ģôĳڴѧòƺܺ椰
үѾ͵ˣûʲô飬ҾˣԨ뿪ˣôȥҲûйġ
ʱ۾ȫͳסˣɫĳǳĿɨһ۱㿴óⲿǾһЩװģֻǸװĲöѡ
˷ܵϳһţڹվĽĿм۶ȥ
ֻǸոտȥûжãһɫȻȥֻɨһۣƽȵĿų
óǣɫƣּ֮٣ȵƽ֮󣬱ٴγȥ
ΣĻѾˣѾľǹģưǽǶͽ̽㣬ʲô˶Ƶġ
һƣûˣһţ缲۶ȥļת˲˸ľ롣
ʻڳˮзɿתţ׷ʮ֮󣬷˳ʧȥ˳Ӱ
ɫͣ·ߣһʮӵŮһͬɫƤ£Ƥ¹ճǰģȻֻʮ꣬ķľ
쵰C90328סˣٿ㣡Ů³һͨ쭣ݺһ̥ʱ㱧۵ĳȻĲᡣ
ʹһ֮Ůٴλصȥ


17 ŵŭ
˦Īķ֮󣬳ǳȵĿųѧУ
ѧУЩˣΪʲôҪѳӿأҪǱʶ˿˶಻á
Ȼˣûˣ㿪ͣѧУͣͣ˲ܳȻ쾩ѧǮ˲٣һԼ̫ۡ
ȻɯǲܳǶǰڷŵЩӣĳȷʵֻеȡ
ңѾˣüŪۣһˣСû뵽ȻҲԼһҡ
ôǽҰǰŮЦ
ҵѡޣС˫һ£ųЦ
ŶЦЦСߣһɵӿǿף̲ס˳ӡ
ӦòˮʲôģѲԴζ
뵽ǰʱΪ֮һŮ㣬Ů˿ǼΪټġ
ڴʱ½ĹС˽
磬㿴ɩҲǽңȻһˣС۾ȻСȴܼһ۱㷢˽ڵСͳ
Сڲ﷢飬ֱǳ谡С޲ðѳˡ
۾ûϹߣȥ½¶һĨ⣬ֻɺת˲ţԷǳ̼Ҵ٣½ȻҲЩǮ̼ȣֱ֮
٣Ͽ˰½һĵߵǰСһۣһֺõӡ
ϻϿѵΣ¶û¶û¶СĵĿأһŵȻǳģ˵
½ɫһһĨһСȻҲһӶû˵Ȼֲ˵
ȻˣͲųˣ½˳ǸЩĴСܵȥˡ
ϴ̫ţˣҲֻô˵ʱһݣޱȵС½磬ϴǰƨҷţʹ졣
СʱҲ˫⣬Ϊ뵽֮ǰ½纰Ϊ٣˵ҲһҴ٣
뵽Сû˵뿪λܵһ档
СһٶŪסˣԼʲôطˡ
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Ķ֪ʱҲЩƣҡҡͷſϿʼ˯
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ડ
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ɲһίԼˣֱſ˯
Աߵǳ׷ˣϴϴŮʦĿζ˯
ڽεŶԼϿε״̬ǳ⣬Լû˯ʦĿΣܽĶãѧſ˯
ֻǵĿɨһϤӰ֮󣬶ʱסˣһɻڵһˡ
ȻԼ˯ֱǲԼòԣûԼʦ
ʮŽͬѧҶһ¸ոǽһλҧ飬һָ
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ʲôѣɻ󣬵ʵ
ֻʱڼžޱȣȻСȴýڵ
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ĻýЩǶʱЦ½СЦģûʲôóܸˡ
ϴʦһһοģʱЩΣɷǳٵָָԼеһӢѵ
̨ϵȴˣ쵰̫Լˡ
㣬վȥűǲ뷢ô𣬵֪ΪʲôǸȻӣ
ʼ磬վŽȥ
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ιǱߵǸɵӣ򶪹ڳҪ׵ʱһޱȵֻĸߴЦĿԼ
Ϊ׵һڼ⻹治һķԲƵġ
ɣҪǰɣ㣡ﱾлԷϴָʹȻٿˡ
¶һĨЦݣ˵Լе򣬽źݺͶ˳ȥ
пľٶ¶һĨмɫҲһֵӣǿɲΪǸŹǵļһܹʲôɱ
е֣Ҫסֻ֮󣬴ǹɾȻһ飬Ҫ룬ϧѾˡ
顭
һʯײеϣȥƲײڵأڵϡ
ЩЩһۣѧУȥֻһӢΣȻŶԼΣûˡ
ϡ
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˳һֱӹס˴˵֫һɵǿףȻǸŮġ

챾ϿξͳٵˣȹӸŪһӣⲻѧУſûʲôˣżҴҵĳѧУȥ
˭֪ѧУսǴ߳һˣҪѾˣΪҪײˣոдʧء
ˣԺڸֵһͷ
ιιŮȻ֪Լú˧òƲ̫ðɣհ׵ʱһоԼǴδ˴ʥŮץš
쵰ſңһͷŭӣֱ㳯ųȥ
΢΢һ̣ſԼ֡


18 
ʱоԼٴγ׹ȥʱʧɫµı۾
ŮҪҼЦ˵ոշٴ§ס֫
ܵߴʱͨ죬·ᴫȾʱɺƻ̲סҪҧһڡ
㡭֪ԼˣֻǾڴʱ˫ץסԼ˫а֮־Ȼ
еĵطŮ壬ʱİץסһ̼оĵףһ£Ͻн˫ȣϷһϼ
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ŮǺУֱŮеļƷҪǣûǳƯͦǣ촽ƻһ˫˵壬ָǺܲ
ʱҲЩˣСʱͦأСǳԡ
ȿȡջԼ֣ͬʱ
û°ɣҪҪȥҽԺȻҪȥҽԺֻԴ˻ζѡ
ˣоԼҪ͸ˣѧСһȻԼĵĿԼȻзӦˡ
ʦ㣬ҽгԺʦʲô飬ңҵ绰룬ҪɾŶҲ֪ĸˣ˳ֽеֻùԼһ绰
֮󣬳Լ£ݸ飬ҷǳϸµİϵ䣬õס˺ѿȹӡ
Ǹľͷ׮ƵģȵӰʧȺڣŷӦ
ʦ㣬Ǻǣþûˣųʧһɫϵųĳ½ѧУ
ûпԼĳӣΪ߳ңͷڸԼȻ˺üˣڹӶ˵Щ˸ٵֶ̫ˡ
ģҲûеƣ㳯ƫƧطȥ
Ȼһûʲô˵ĺͬǰʮˣжŹȻһС죬ǵӣӦһЩŵĳԱ
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Сӣ˵ܵôү˻ϣһͷСܿԱ߱С̣ܵŻһеģ
Сͷͷһ೤ĵ̣ԵЩ
һǷģʱεҡҡͷЩһôϲװҪȥѧϰ̨Ƭģװֲ
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СӣŻ˭㣬ŲھͿ㣡߳ŭҪй֣ȴԱһݼһס
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ιԬߣң㵽쾩ѧҹưҰɣ㣬ʮʱ䣬Ҳϲ˳ٵӹ绰ŵ绰Ԭ˵һͨ
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۾û뵽ĻʹȻǸ̵ΣΪֻѧУԸԼھȻϵˣʾͱˡ
쵰쵰ԶǸʲôǾȻɳ飬Լȥ췣Ԭ߱ˣȻ֪ԶǸʲôû뵽Լͱô¨ӡ
Ǹǰˣүȥ̷Լ㣬ԶǲԶ֣Щ˳ֵá
ԬЩˣ໢һִڵôµһȻǳ̼ҴҲС
СĿԼϴɫЩԾòԼ˻Ҫܷɣ
Ͱٵȥúãǿȥ̷֮࣡Ԭ˼Ĳѹס
лϴ󣬶л٣ȥˣɫһϲˡ
ԬȥԼڳ棬ɫЩĿų
٣Ԭĳ²ֻɣĬð죬Ԭڳסˡ
Ҫڳ㣬ǹ˳ңô򵥣ɨһԬߣ˵
Ԭ۾ɵϴŵĿųǱˣ
Сӣһһ٣̼ҴүݾǹʺѹңҪµǸ𣿡ԬЦһӣ
Ԭ߻䣬ЩԭڱĴ󺺺һˣųһԬǱԥ֡
֪ҪԬ߳Բ򵥣̧ͷ¶һº͵Цݡ
Ȼ㲻ǱپʹΪֹ仰˵꣬һŽ߷ɣǲݺݵЩϡ


19 
֣ÿһȭÿһȥһ˰ףûз֮
ʮν˶Ӳȫأ̴ЩȫһЩ໢ﾫ
ԬͫȻһֻǳ̼Ҵ٣һ񶷸֣ϴαŰٴθ֡
ס֣ҪٸҶҾʹ㣡ڳԬߵʱԬɫǳѿѸٴһǹָųӡ
ߣǹҾվЦһתһֻѪҰǡ
СӣΪҲҿǹԬ߻һ̫ϬֱҪǿԼ
ҪǴģǹңߣ㲻ҿǹ׷ңɨһԬߣһնûпڶԷǹ֮ǰƷ
ΪҲҿǹھʹ㣡ԬǱŭˣһƱҪǹ
ֻɫȻĿûж
˶ʮӣԬͻȻˣһˣֵĮһָоԼǹôĿ϶Լ
ӮˣҲԬȻеǹ£дŲʺԹޡ
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ֻһöӵϷ˭Ҳ֪ӵһǹһһΣ˭ֲס˭䣬ƽɣת˼Ȧϣϡ
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Цһ£ӹǹû˿ԥٴο۶û⣬ٴδա
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춯ûӵЦˣԬ߳Ҫ
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λֵܣ´ӽԺҲٸֵͬˣԬߵĿ׶ʱ˻ȻǱ㰲ĿԬߡ
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˵Ԭ΢΢һ£ŵ໢ΰߵĳ̴٣˵䣡
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Ȼû˷ԣôڿʼҾǵϴˣЦһǷĵЦΪһԼĸȻܱ紵
ţֻҪԼúþӪһ죬վ۷塣
ûнΰһְǽԬߣͬʱȫʼΪڰµѵΪ֮󣬱սһ
뿪ҹưɣǰˣЦˣ
񾭲һλ迴ųȻԼЦɫһˣ
ʱһΣ˭ԼЦʱ·أϽˡ
յѧУſڣӵһİ绰ɻĽ˭
ǰɣײǸʦ㣬ʱ绰ͷһöó崺硣
ʦٻûʱҲʱˣû뵽֮ǰԼײС椶ȻôԼ绰뵽ǻģСһȡ
ָһ¥ԲѧᣬóʱɻС椶ѧ
ûж룬߽ȥ¥һᡣ
ʦ㣬ҽ˰ֻԵţǳƿţֻǽȥ֮ĳȴѳˡ


20 ӵ
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һᣬܼ򵥣䱻õķǳŮζһǴСŮķۡ
ʱڵϣϵ·֪ȥĶˣֻһԡϡ
ѩ׻Ĵ¶ڳǰӨ͸ʮֺһ嶯
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㡭ɲԹţʱһ죬Լ״̬жôˣȻ֪оֵǣСһȻôѵװģ
ʦ㣬ô˰ݣ˳ֹţüͷǰ顣
ϴˤһӣҶˣɲ԰øסңȻҴ򼱾ȵ绰һԼҪ
һȱʦϴɣ̫׵òĬƬ̣㸩ס顣
һ߼ĸӣҲǳƯȻᣬһƬ壬Ůķҷǿףͷžףӿ
鱧ϣѸٳһס壬һ
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㻹ῴ԰ʦ㿴κʦ㣬ʦԷһ⣬Ц
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԰ͣ챨ɲһСĿˣҪȫԼͷϣǡ
˿ǰһĻȫǳˣһȫסȻЦ


21 ֲɱ
һ˺ԶֱȷԷû׷ǲͣ
˶һۣЦ
̫ˣǸƵÿˣЦᶼˣȻеʱͦģȴҲûӵ飬̫̼ˡ
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ܿģлл㣡˵͵ģɣ´Σ´㣡Сͨ죬Ц
ǾһΪЦ鿪ųصѧУ
鱨˾֮󣬾ֱһٳ¼֮󣬶ʱɵˡ
ССûм٣Ǽûд
ԹˣȻ˽龭ɰŵóһ亹ҪǳһᣬԼ˰
ǰǮϣ໹ΪԼ˳԰͵ļһϽڡ
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ʱ䣬Ѿ㼸ʮ˱˳ȥһʱ֮޷վ
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23 ջ
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ŮһǼƵ꣬ھƵԱĽʺ޵ĿУһ׷

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Ż
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24 
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ңתͷĿӭԶ죬Ҫһסˡ
ϻѵбԶǽһ˷ܣһֱһᣬŻˣСӻôš
¶˵ôϻһҪȥϿأһϾڻֻǸѧһѧУĹء
ⶼˣѵ֪Լٵ߰ɣȥһ˽̵ԶĿųǸָʹһȭĳ嶯
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±뿴ν飬һȻ֣ʱŻˡ
һ쵰ȻҶ֣Ƴһ¥־ȻмأǶʱ¶һĨЦݡ
ûзһɵ˵ӣһƺݺݵĳ˹ųһǱһƸɳȥƵġ
ˣ̵δˣһƨڵϣ
ԶʱЩɵˣû뵽ԼһƾȻôǿ󣬿ôо̫ԾոһƺûСӰɣôʹɳȥأ
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ԶЦһһС˵־ģ
ԭˣЦЦ÷ǳģվԼֻóĻԶ˻Ρ
ԶЦȻֹΪֻϾȻ¼棬Ҳ˵ոǵĶԻ¼ˡ
ѧ򣬶԰ɣ֪λûܾȵ㣡Цֻתͷʱһܾίӡ
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һ̣Զ׷ʲô飬ոûСһжСݺԼ
뵽ԼԶʱĿųȥ
ɱ̵δˣһ󾪻ţųԶȥǸӰԶеĸ
쿴ʲô˰
ǽ̵׷ˣ
ÿ
ˣһ꽫Ҫ裡
һЩϰεѧһĻʱȫ֪Զ챳˶ûҪܵ˼
һЩŮȥˣóֻʼû೤ʱ䣬һƵ쾩ѧˣһʱ֮䣬ѧУ顣
Ȼһ׷ԼٶȺܿĳ뵽һ¥вԶȻҲ˽ȥ
СӣҿĶܣűԼĳԶ¶һĨɫ
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ȻֻóȫˣϴһĨЦݣһźݺ߳ȥ
һӣ߳˲Ѿûжˡ
ո߳ɫʱþʧͬʱ󺰣ˣ̵εˣңĲңҪңҶ㿪ˣԼȥģ


25 ҵ
ѾΧˣΧ۵һʱЩĿɿڴԽôû뵽ģĽڳѧȫ泩
λѧѧҪ֤ĲǹģӿΧˣټӣʱ˲Ů֮ġ
İɣѧܣǿ϶֤ģ
ԣԶİӦã
ѧܣҪ£أ
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лѧǣм֣æĵл
Уҡ
ϣǸոջ·Զ죬ԹĿųĿ⽻֮ʱԴη塣
УΧһȺѧҲȺ֮Уû뵽Ȼ뵽ķԼĵˣǸµļһ
Գ̼ҵƣ̵οҪùˣó̼ҳ֡
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СӣҴô˭˲õˡǽѧֵСӡ
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Զ죬ȴĿŽѧ֡
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26 
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ڳƵĿУֱպǩջǳĵء
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׸ʲôϵΪܸһأʱСɻ󣬺޲ðйϵ
ǻȥǼҳԷ뵽һȥԷ飬ʱȥһ˵뷨
ðþûгҵĲˣͦģ´ͷȻҲ뵽˵һԷ龰
ܿ쳵ӱ㿪ʦĵſڣСɫЩ죬֮ǰ·͸оЩֱ֣ſڣǿе˭
ͽ˲ûзС״͹ݡ


27 ݺ
ʱոչ緹㣬˲ֻ࣬һŰӺơƵ׳ϵĿվƿѾ˲١
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˵ʲôǲ̫ףǸЩֵɫһҡҡͷ˵
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˼ֻһˣûа취κøֳָƹܵľһ飬ȻҪúһ£ҲǰһĻ
֪֮󣬳εҡҡͷûа취֤κֵָʹԷǳ


28 
֮£ֻЩһˣոյ̸ȫˣζҲЩһ﷭
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İɣû¶ˣ¶һĨЦݣŵЦݼ׸Ⱦˣܿ˱㰲
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ԭǽ°ô飿ͨ绰¶һĨЦݣϵˡ
㵽Ҫʲôɣ绰ͷĽѧǿķŭƽ
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һ죬ֱӶϳ룬ڵϡ
һĻʱŻڳˣЩ죬ٴУһеľҪȺ
ģҲֵģɣңЦһ£Щȥ
𡭡𶯣վסݸ߾ʱŵú˺ü˵ЩˣͺǺˮһ㡣
ãҲЦĿѾﵽûзɶԷٴνסȻС˽֣ȴ֪ݣûκγԾ
½㣬ô찡СǺͽ֪ǣʶ˶࣬϶ܾȳ
İɣ¶ģЩ컹ֵļһҪùˣЦеĿССѾͷܹĳء
ǡСƶĻСеĵû˿١
߰ɣȥϷЩһҪôʰ´ʱǳ˷ܣͺƵġ
Сǳˣ˵ǲѣΪʲôѳ¶ôˡ
οһ¶ϣСͽ˱㿪ųĳھ档
缸̲ЦĿŶſԼᾯ죬ͬʱֳŶȥ
𶯣ַͷϣǿǿͶΪҪʲôΣŵ˻һ¡
ţ̶ֻ֧ѣЦ˦˦Լе̺Уŷûл
ֵܣ£̵СЦ
λǲǸյ죿Żĳһ̣ЦеĿС
ǣӲĻشһȻκν
˵һҪù֪Ųţ̺еݸʾ̡
һ£̺УĬĬĳ
ҸһλᣬֻҪǰ֤ұ֤еģ춺ˡ
ֻóƵǣ͸ƹƵģһ仰˵
ʲôҪ˵Ļ˾֣³ǰһȽʵľҧҧ˵
΢΢һ㶣ûнӻС쵹ͦãȽϸոսᣬûбȾ
ܿ㱻һѶңѶ棬ŵ沣һ䡣
ӣһҪСÿȻҸԣһɫЩ԰׵Ŷȣ̡
κ٣˵ģ˭֪øֳָˣ±õĵ꣬κٿɵκǶԼ䣡һλһЩֵľ죬ϴĵЦݡ
˵˵ģȵܼҷݵգҾȫ̽ʱɵñùһ°κһ̰Ȼڳɽıóò
ڳɽһʱϲֻһӳҪûһϵǲеģκҪͽĶκϲԼұãǡ
뵽ڳɽʱͷѡ
Ȼ֪ԼʲôѶңǼΪϤЩֶȻҲİ
ϣ˸ƣʼ˯
˾ֻô񣬵Ȼҿ㻹ôЦóڳɽһѶңʱðɣǵκඪ˰
ܿʮľ˽һʲôû˵ֱӰǸ߶ĵݴ򿪣˯ŵĳ
֪֪㷸ʲô¶ʵ̹״ӿܴϣһǸȻһӣ
ʲôû˯Ժ۾һһٴα۾˯
Щˣⶼʲô˰˾־Ȼ˯ôԼѶ̨ǲǻˣǿƹ⻹˯ţǼֱˡ
СӣȰ㻹ʵУĻڵģһĴһԼеľ
ǳˣһ浱Լʲô
СӣȻˣǾ㳢ζһʱըë𾯹ųϺݺݳȥ
ЩһԼȻͬʱֱӹסӣ㿪һ
ĵͦ죬ҵҪĶ㣡Ӻû뵽Ȼһ㿪ˣֻǸɺϣٴγųȥ
һĿǳԴҪǱˣõɹȥ
кһһֱ߳ϡ
ѶҶúôŵκڳɽͲסįѶſڣȻûһĲҽЩˡ


29 ת
˸ɵˣڳɽҡҡͷȴСĿκɫκ˾žһֵˣֻҪôԼֳλûˡ
İɣӦзִ磡κĲҽǽһ죬ڳɽԥκȴ˰ֹ֣ˡ
һӣĲҽֹͣڳɽκ˶һۣԷе˷ܣ򿪷š
˿֮󣬶ʱɵˡ
θȫһһȫ෴
ֻߺڵϣϣЦеĿ
ģȻϮˣڳɽһ㺰˼졣
ϮʲôʱϮˣֻԼˤ˶ѣҿʲôûû֤ݲҪԩˣȴһԼ֣һǳ޹ӡ
ҽƱ磬˶ˣģѵԼ໥ĲɣκʱҲ̲סںȵû뵽СӾȻôаš
ĸУǾ֣ʲôʱ򾯲ֵһָֻˣκӣ۾һУɫϷʵĿκ
㡭κɫһ䣬û뵽ԷȻһڽгԼݡ
Сӣ㲻ýƱˣˣڳɽһϹȥðѹ
ô£ǲ͵ϮڳɽɫĶʵ
⡭ڳɽ¶ɫݡ
˵ô£ڳɽŭˣͺ
ǡǡ󱻽ļһ㽫鷢ľ˵һ飬ǵĻΧ˶ʱɵˣ໥Źġ
ʱ֪ʲô飬ֻǵһȣ˱һ
ҹڳɽɫ÷ǳѿ̫аˣѵСӻʲôа
εȻǳɵģֻǰԼϵɷͷһЩ˱߻ħƵģ
ûһֳѶңֻ˵ĿڹȫˣĳǳϮ
Դ˸ûᣬ֪ûˣǷǳѶ
ڳɽҹڳɽʵϮʱ򣬰칫űƿһĿӳſڡ
ֳ֡ڳɽһֳӣʱһһɲõԤӿͷӲͷƤ߳
ǲǴһʮꣿô£һһʮ˵Ҫǻ˭Ȳˣ
ԪʹʱŭĶ첻ˣڸոգĶͷ˾һ绰BOSS˵ˣã͹ؼֵȥ
㡭Ұ㣡Ԫʹʱ˺СӣСӸմ״ʣ޲һһˡ
ֳСϮ֤ȷ䡭ڳɽ粵һ£ǵԪǺĸƵ۾Ͻ졣
ĳͻȻ۾ʱѶҵŴ򿪣Ԫʹڳɽ˽
Сǲ˼²ۣû¶ɣԪϴֺõЦݡ
ǣѳٵ򿪣˭ǺҴ˵ģԪŭĶڳɽȵ
ҿϮŹˣɲϹأȴһϴЦ
ⶼᣬֵµ˲¶СҸˣСʱһأ㿴ҪǸǸԪɫһֶܿЦݡ
Բ𣬳٣ڽԪǷŭĿУڳɽ첻ԸĵһǸ
½㣬˵᲻¶棬СһĿž֡
İɣʮӣСӾͻˣ·ǳŵ˵֪̼ҵڳлûʲô˸ҶԳ̴ٶ֡
㿴ǲǳ³žſŬŬ졣
СȥÿһȺӵֵ߳ĳСʱһ
ôˣòǵҰɣСͽ£ʱüЦС崿ĶˣվһɱǾ޴ġ
ޣ˭㣬ƾ̴ٵݣЩС컹ܰôô߳¶ʱһʧ
ķǣ֪϶ǳңԣʲô飿ҳˣʧƵĿŽµ
ҵȻʧˣӵһӵˣΪкϷأ̫ˣ·ֵİ˳һۡ
СŽºͳ˴εӣʱһ
СͻȥһֱӸԼ绰ſȥ
ȥĳСжʱ¶ãɫʲôԼԶȥˡ
Сû¶ɣ迴ŮӣʱЩĵ
裬û¶ЩˣȥϢˣС¶һĨǿЦ˵
ɵŮͨˣǧҪݽȥϴŨŨǣ̾һŽݡ
Ȼǳֵ̻ģ·ϳ绰ԨˣڳɽδûȥܣԨᴦõġ
ԨãǵҲ֡
ѽͻȥ֮󣬳ּ̻һ棬֮󣬳ɫЩÿ
Ϊ̻һϢвӿ볤УõϢЩ˵ĿԼȻԼģ»۵ˡ
ûлعԢֱҹưɣԴշ໢̱һֱѵԱһƻֻƻжѣûֻ֪һ·ߡ
ҹưɵĶᣬ̵Ȱ߲ȫۼ
ϴ󣡡߽ȥ̵ȫվĺһ
̣Աѵôˣ۾ẉ̂вһ˿顣
ϴĻһʮѵɼ㲻˵ӲǺܺãԡɫһݣĳǳһõһֲõԤС
ߣ໢ﲻһʮ˸ȫõһֱһɫľ
Ҫ֪໢ﱾûжˣһӿɾͲõ֮ϵˣ໢ʵǴˮ
Ԭ֮󣬱㱻̸ɵİȫ˳໢ҪȻ໢Ҳôˡ
ϴ²װɣһĿ࣬ǳ׺˵
ϴ󣬻ϴʲôʱֵ˵ˣкһţû˳ڣһԷǰһźݺ߳ȥֱӱߵӵ£û
ͻһŰˣһҴֵĿųǿɲϣԼһϾǶ׳ǿֲս
Ӧû˷˰ɣȻˣǾôˣ̣ʮ֣ʣ໢Ҫ¶ˣĿɨڳˣ¶һĨɭȻĲп֮ɫ


30 ȭ
̵ɫһݣѪӿûôѪڹˣһֱڼɼз棬һǿƵϴǶʱоһϴ񻹲
һ֮ʮĿ࣬ɱӳڳǰ
Щˣ¶һ˿ɫ
ɱһսʿǧӵеƣսʱɱһ˵ʿ˸εѣﵽս֮
ֻһ䣬ɫĮӲĻ³絶ӰĿɨЩϡ
£ʮ磬ӣ
ƨҪʮȥʮ˻˭ȱ첲ȣսϣǾͲҳֵܣȴֱŭñ¶ɫ
ǵģҲϣԼֵث֣Ҳϣǰ׳գùʹ򣬴򲻹ܣɽڲûգһЦֻϺꡣ
ĻֵܻһʿΪ֪ϴܲأ
ʮƾϢʻȭפأȭפһﴦͣ͵³˽³ûзκ춯
ָӣûָȨҪ˵Щ˵˽⣬Ȼǵ̸һЩ
ûƴǣֱӿʼɱǲʮ˷ΣѸûںҹ֮С
ϴ£ǰɣ̾ȥץס
̣ûдȭӲƴҲҸҽһȭפأѿ죬Ц¶һݣȴ͸¶һɭȻ֮⡣
ϴ󣬲ɣ̫ΣˣƴҡͷЦǱȭΧסʵǿҲ
ôˣɨ˵һ̶ۣʱ͡
˷ǳķǽ̵ֻǺܲģóЩĿ࿴
·׮ûж֣ȫ̽
ꡭڵҪߵǸʱһס˵̡
ȵ˴ӹսǴ߳亹ֱոճˣȻ¶ʱǿΧˡ
ŵ̲ߣҲʶ˳ֲʵһЩͷСıܿЩصҲСʯͷӶ
һ̣һ˿ɢ
Ŀе֪ȭֱ֮ǱС
ȭģסķûһ
һ˵͵˶ʱ¶һĨЦݣүӺôˡ
Ȼ˽ȥ֮󣬱㿴߰׻һĳ˶˸ûʶ͵̵ĵ
ʮˣȴ쳣͡
ȿȡ˷쳣ʱһʱͻȻʱһķӦܿ죬һ뵽ͷ档
𶯣үʲ̫ãһһɲãܿ㲻ˣӴһ⡣
̣ôĵӣȻȭΪ㵱໢ϴﵽȭͷСӣڰѵɿһȫʬ𿴵̣ʱŭա
žžһ֮ʱȻв治֪أ֪ߵǰмĽǹץ
ǵҪʲôǿŭ𣬺ηĵų
ܼ򵥣ȭ˳໢ұһٻ󣡡Ūǰǹǳº͵Ƶġ
ƨɱңҲܵóѣˣҪĿ⣬
һ΢һһѪ۳Ĳ
㵽˭໢ûͨ죬ų
ңֻǸСӣȭȽȤ棡ûɱ˵Ŀ⡣
㡭ɫ䣬Ȼ֪죬ҪõŻǵһΡ
ԱߵǸŮ˻ɸñסͷ
Щ̫⣡ЦеĿӾͺڿƵġ
һм⵶ǰһ֣ϵƤѪ
оӴĺ⣬ˣЦݵ˾Ǹħ
ͣҰѰɽҲǲԣܵøһɰɣֵٶֵܣˣҪζԴǣһָ
˵ͷʱֵµֵܣʧΪһӡ
ģֻȭﲢ໢ѣЩֵպҲֵܣ¶һĨϲ⣬ͷ
ãҴӦųð죬ڵ˵ͷ˵仰·˺ü꣬ɫήٵڴϡ
ЦˣʱʮֵҲѾϢĹóЩȡ
ϵľȣ̶ʱЦ
ϴʵⲻҵĹͣǰһλϴĹ̰ͣ˰֣ϽԼ̬ȡ
ͷȥѵЩ˵ϴȤڶʱѵ˿ֲ֣Բͨˣпһλֱ
˼ˣҲʶЩ˵ȻԼʤ˶࣬ΪˣЩȡһ֡ڷ桱
໢̲ȭ֮ҲŵϺˣеȰˡ
صԢϴ裬һȻǽ¡
ôˣ㻹û˯Щɻ󣬽´ϵԼʲô
ңԸϴ裬ͷʪģϾʹһѩ׵˿ʳۣһ˫޳۵ȳջĻζڳǰóüǣС椶
㵽׺˶پƣԼˣһѷס£½ֱӵڳϡ
Σֻý档
㡭˵ƯЩͷĿųǸӣŵʺԸк촽жˡ
ȶˣȥɣأѵİĿתƿ
ȴģźһֱ۲ƶסĲӣڳϣƾζдһ˿˿ܰϢ˲˷Ӧ
Žǹ˻ǵӣ޲óȥС椶ݺһ
㲻ǲң˵ͻȻȦһ죬ӵĿ㻵ΪʲôҪ˼ңء
һ¿޵ϡﻩױС椶ĥԼƽܲ˵ľŮᣬοôһһͿС椶
ˣˣһҴ˻ҵĶĶ˰סŮ֫ŵɳϣ׼뿪һѱס
⧲֮£һӵڽϣĿԣеûʲôǳһˣһˣĸɵ¶
˫ĿѪ죬Щ٣һ˫ָ̲סǻȽϸţеѪ


31 ŵ
顭
ڳҪƲסʱ⴫һڵĻһȥ
ǸҪСϽµֱۣ췴ԣüŽǴСܵܰȥ
ţȻţ
ºˣո˵Ҫȥϴּ䣬ܶˣŵǴ룬Ҫ׼ȥˡ
ɣÿӣһ£¶ɣҲûԥֱ˽ȥ
ǸɫѵļһԼɣȴҶڼɳϺ˯Ľ£Ŷʱһա
Ѿͷ˯ȹƿ˴룬쵽ȸˣйŮֱ̫̼ˡ
ȻˣǾͰȥɣ̯̯֣ʾԼûйϵ
ôôûзȰԼôŪö֣ЦЦĿųҲûȥ顣
ܿ˱ЭѽͻȥȻҪǳֻǸԱ߼ලɻ¶
ڣȻܸʲô飬οҲңոţԼͻ᳹ʧˡ
ˣˣڿ˵˵¶ˣ͵䣬ЦеĿų
Ц绨ˮӣʱһС椶ûʲô¶òҪԼɣ
ƯſԼֱɵʱһЦ˵
ڹ˲һ˿ϷЦͬʱһǰĿֱĿ
û뵽ͻȻһɳ˵Ϣӿ룬ʱһ죬ҿˡ
ԼǰţʱһС椶òǰϸ˰ɣʵǸ˵
ޣåվԶŶʱһ죬ЦһŽƿ
˵ɣոҲڵʱǲǴЩ޲ϴζЦݣóͷƤֱ顣
ûУôܣҿ˾ӣôأϽҡͷܳϡ
µ·ôôңңƤܺ죡ɷµ˵ģͺĳרƵġ
ߣʵĻҿ϶£˵ˣŲ˵ֱӿʼв
ʱˣС椶ǲС˵ˣڽǰ˵ĻԼĹͳױˡ
㵽ôǳһۣ˼ñ֣ҷ
۾ʱƵģǳÿ¶С͵֮Цݡ
ڿʼҪ㡭˵ͻȻסˣ϶ʱ¶㵵ɫ
Ҫһ飬ʲô㶼ܾܾſǴ㵵ı飬ʱ͵ЦֱɫŭŸϽ˵
Υҵԭ򣡡ҲøСŮ˼ƽϣ˵һ䣬ת뿪ˡ
£һųȥıӰŵʱĵ˵ôһ仰
ſڣʱüͷΪͷ˶Ȼһ˲ȴĸоŰֱ˶ȻԷָԭ
ûţһţ˽ȥ
ȥ֮󣬳΢΢ȥ
ȻƿţԤпĹûеһСҵĵذϣذϻһ̯Ѫ
첽߹ȥףʱüͷ
˲ǱˣɱİѬǸɱְھŵСһ
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ȻԷɱ֣Ҳܼȡ
ѬϣѬϵǸѪ֮ͫ׶ʱһɱȻ
ǹ񣡡Ѭ򱻴һѪѪΧѪȫըѿ
дĴֵָѪ쳣֪ǱǹֱСӵˣĻѬҪըɵˡ
˲Ůб𣬳һѽѬϵǼT˺¶۵ļ򣬰Ѭһ˲һƤǳϸ壬Ҳûȸʲôġ
˺˲Ѿ̻¶Ĵزɫأ䣬ʼ˿ڡ
Ǵ˿ʱ̫ˣѬѾûѪɫСһһϣüԵ÷ǳʹࡣ
ӲڽѬ˿ڴãֻûѹ֪ʧѪ࣬ټϺܵţ֮С
СĽԼһȡɫ࣬ʸ֮ǰȫͬ·һʦ
Ѭϰ¶ȡôһ˵Ľ˫Ŀ·ͬһˡ
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ʱһһĹȥڵȴʱƴĻָԼ
ָ˲֮һ۾ͬʱԼ·Сһס
ͬʱԱһ㣬ɿĳ˷䡣
˷䣬ͣĳ¥±ȥԷõľѻǹλԼԢڴ¥Ķ档
һڽ¥Ȼһǳľѻ㡣
ϵǸطʱԷѾ뿪ʲôû£ȻԷǸ֡
Ͽŵһըѿĵ֮ɱٴβƵӿֳ
ղ˼Ȼ˻ģǾҪ׼˾һ㣡վʮ¥ϣ¥һӰʧڹսǴ˵
Ѭ˯ѹԼϰ˵˿ڣĵ֮¶һĨĵЦݡ
˵˵ɣô£ڰѬɵЦʱһĮѰѬһѸǣ˿ڣÿüһ
ʵһõü
лл㣡Ѭվڴϵ˭֮󣬶ʱһ
û˵ֻĿŰѬвһ˿飬ͺڿһˡ
Ѭίĳ˳Сӣľ˵һ顣
֮󣬳һڣû뵽С椶ΪԼһǹ


32 Դ
ԭڰѬ֪ɱְߵıǹ´ɱ֮󣬱ٴģһֱǱڳΧ
֮ǰղ˼лԾɱѬƻˣɰѬҲ˱ղ˼ϡ
ڣѬղ˼ˣǰѬһĵαȽϤѾһʬ塣
˳Ϊ˸ʾ
Բ֮ǰˣ֪Ϊʲô˽̬࣬Ѹת䣬ʲôԭðѬԶԼ
ΪǷģϴ㲻ɱң˵һỹģѬС¶һǿɫֻûз֣ʱ¶Ǳȶ˻Ҫΰĵط¶롣
ǸˣȻ˹ȥ
ѬоЩԾʱһϽû˵ץססԼ
ЩѬСǷһ㣬ͮͮǳɰ
ȿȡͰϢɣ˿ѾˣӦúָܻܿ˴˸УʱЩΣϽվҲƵĿ첽߳䡣
ɱʣԭˣȻẦߣѬÿ¶һĨЦݣ͵Сè
֮߳󣬳ɫʱߵղ˼ȻģҪɱԼԼɱʱղ˼ѻˣǲǿЦء
ܿͳ绰˵̡
̣Ҳ飡ԼĴ˵̣໢ڵҵһЩ
һҹڵڻָˣȻ˲Сȵĳóϲ֡
ˣЩûϵ飬Ѭ֮ĹϵЩһĬ˭Ҳû顣
öˣѬɫЩ԰ףӦû̫⡣
Ͱɣӳ˳һЩ򵥵ͣԲ࣬弦
˳ͣѬɰԼ۾һ˵ģ
⡭ЩģûΰɣѬŵĿȻʢȴܰͣصǣɱ͡
԰ʲô̯̯֣⿪ԼΧȹߵǰʼ
˳ð죬ѬŴ𺳣ôųʼ
úóԵ࣬û뵽ɱʾȻ³Ҫ˵ȥ϶ûţѬԼ࣬¶δɫգһºÿ۾Ƥ
ǰɣȥʰãŰѬ
ΪʲôҲߣѬһ£Сдί̺С죬Ĺĵ
ߣ۾һɣ߼֣ܿ뵽飬Ӧ֪ںΣգߵĻ㶼ȥˡ
Ҳ£㱣ңһ£Ѭƴҡͷǳ϶ľܾ˳дһĨʣûп
ûðѬڼţǴŰѬ߳Ԣ߳ԢӭŮӡ
º˵Ц߹¿֮϶ʱһϲֻǵߵİѬ֮סŵֲԾӴ
һܿ׵ôˣԣǳơ
簡λ£ʱһȣС˲ԱߵţǼʱһ鴤ΪеһĨͱӵЦˡ
̴ٺ˰ϾͿʼεһȻǳ٣ӴǣǴζȷʵڲͬŲ޳Ŀų
һѣѬѬźͽ£ѣһŵĻʱԴֱðŮ˾ǹġ
ˣţҪ˵ˣɫӵĿ˳һۣҧ촽Ŵӳӹ
źݺݵ˳һۣͬʱȻһԼȭͷ
ɱʣǸŮϲ㣡ڳԽ̬ɻʱ򣬰ѬͻȻ˵
ҽгסҪɱʣͻȻתĿѬɱڡ
Ѭɫһףڳк˺üǣ֪ˣ
˼ողǹģҪ¶ҵݣԴ˷ǳǸոûпסԼɱ⡣
ûϵѬҡҡͷȻɫЩ԰ף֮ǰöˡ
Ѭŵ̸Լһ뿪صѧУ
ѧУֺöΧһĹǰŷ֣ȻǹԶͽѧֵĴ
Զ챻ֱӿѧУڽѧ֣ԭִж£ڵְ£ֻ÷ֺ죬漰ѧУ
棬ʱЦˣĴҪģڽѧֵİ󣬳ûзϡ
ˣҪΪԼĴ򵥡
ǲôģֻǺ˹ڽѧֺԶһЩԣžº֣ˡ
˽ңˣѾˣû˸Լռλˡ
ڴʱһȴС
ȥһɵǿףʱΪ֮һ
СµȫͬС崿ֲʧֱˮĽ壬ȴìܳͻ
ʲôأС򶼲֪ԼΪʲôĳϺϿʶĶռһλãֱ֣ףԭԼǳ
СС㿴̴½䣬㻹ǲҪˣܿСЦҲЩǿ
Ȼ֪Сһ˲˼ת˺üΣֻЩ֣ոջЦ绨ת۱ˡ
ǵõڶϿεʱʱһô뿪أһ˿ɻʵ
СʱЩɵۣ˫Լ½ǣͨ죬ϴΪ½ƺΪ٣ΪҲֻһӵܣԼء
СεЦݣû˵ΪѾ³һЩˡ
ʱŲźɫ߸Ь޳ɫ˿࣬ɫOLװԵüΪʡ
һ㿪ʼѧѰĳ֮ɫ
һΪǳЦݣʦһۣˡ
ʦƯɣʱСͻȻУͬʱĻݰǵóֱ
˵ʲôûٳһζװûӡ
Сһƣ˳һۣ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷŮĺ밡׽͸
һܿȥ¿ΣҪ뿪Űס칫ȥһˡ
Σֻøƨɺ棬ͦСλȣһǷǵĸо
װ칫OLƷ˲


33 ʦ
ڴʱͻȻתźĳ⧲һǰһײһ
Ÿһͷ֣࣬һѱסţͬһʱ䣬оԼϱһ崥һ£ëסŵ˫Խ
űعͷݺѵһ٣ϿβΣײʦЩѳݺһٵˡ
˭֪һת֮ǰһĻ
һڳʱЩɵˣһɼΪŨ֮ӿϢһѣıס˳
˱ӣȻܣʦɲܡ
ʦû¶ɣЩķſʵ
ŶʱѹǺɫĿ⣬ž뷨ƢҲ⻹ΪԼײһġ
û£ҧ촽˵֣ŤͷŰ칫ȥ
ŮʦͦӣһԼϵǵӡ¶һĨЦݡ
֪ΪʲôŽȥ֮ٶȻһ·ǳɫгɵ˶㣬˱֮ǰ˼ֻ
֪ʼ磬ʾԼ֪
̬ȶĸѧѧ֪ʶģϹʱģɵӣЩŭˡ
˼ʦ˵ɫһһ̵ܽӡ
ŶԳ˵Сʱͣ
ôˣʳÿ϶ûзˣɣҵЩԣһʱ䣬Ѿ˰СʱʱЩΡ
Ŵų˽ְᣬɵǣס¥Ȼͬһ㡣
ɣʲôأʦᣬƽʱôסԶǹŵģбῴſڽ͵
ʱһ鴤黹ǵƤȻƭԼӣԼһڽ˼ʦģֲñˡ
ʦһŮһɾ࣬Ůܰ䱻óɷۺɫóʦǸǳŮĵŮ
ǾȵĿ̼ģһ죬Ͻȥʼϴˡ
һһһһһĵᣬ쾩ѧʦǷǳġ
ʦЩˣɲ㴲˯һɫǳߵ˵ǰͬʱһǷһӡ
ȥɣųһ£˵ͷ
һϲЬŵĴһŮеζǿףóʱ档
ŴʱȴЩᣬԼĴûб˯뵽ֻԼѧҲȻˡ
Ҳ֪ˣΪⴲ̸ĸо̫ܰȻǳ̤ʵ˯ˡ
Ҫ֪Դӻع鶼УȻÿ׼˯ȴû˯ô̤ʵ֮ǻʲôʱ򶼱һ˿䣬ϧ⡣
Ѿˣ÷֮󣬿ԼϵЩݣȴǳ˧ĴкŶĽ
ʶع飬ʶıҪ䱸ƣֻǵǰʱϽס
ԼôˣôһԶûˣһʱղ˼֣Σˡ
һͦʢȻҲĻ³ĶڳԵôˬ졣
ʦһӢΣ֪ɲԣһڷСĿʵ
Լ֪ԼΪʲôôʣΪְĸоɡ
ԣʱ䣬ʦÿ㲹ΣҪʱһϲԼôͰһ·ĺק
õŵĻش𣬳ǳģһ˰Ѵķ˽ΪЩ˼еˢΡ
ԺͽСɣѧϰķǳãʦϣԺϿҲΣ뵽ǰŶԼ˵ĻǱһ鴤
ɱڹִ˲֪֪ģӢǡǡЩǿġ
ɲΪѧʲôӢΪܸŮʦӴ
ҵԼĳӣʱЩŭˣΪɫɯٳϱͿѻͿˡ
һޱȵܳ˽ͷǿŷŭҵĹӡ
ʱΧѾΧ˲ˣ۾һΧпһۣֱһͷϴñӵȥ
ǸʼڽңΪԷǳԼһץס֮ɵˡ
ſңƾʲôץңƴŭų
ϻӵĳӣҲ㻹˭˵ɣΪʲô۾һɣһĨѪС
ǿӲһ£ǿǳв֮ʱˡ
̫ˣûоԼӣ³ܲҡ
ҡֻǸ㿪ЦǸһ£ſڽ
ЦǰɣǵĳĶЦһͲˣûָʹ⼸ŲôõļһŪԼĳ
ûгǸҪˣΪһץסļоԼļҪˡ
˵¶ӦôɣЦһͬʱĳλ֮󣬳ȥ
ȻȺпһˣС
ĿԣСɫʱ԰֪뺷ʵģԼĸԣȻȥһ
½ǧҪǳǵģˡ
С˹ָ¶һΪǳƵЦݣֻЦСǽһа
СҲƶС鲽ŴƵģΧʶСȫҪﲻסЦˣֻСֻܱš
Сɫһһ࣬ԤУɷ²ôɷŹԼ
СǾµӣʱһȻζԼʲôʱôСˣѧʲôء
ϳûǼһץסС䶪ԼԼʻӣ뿪ѧУ
·Ͽ׬˭һ̣ܳӣ¶ҪһܼӰɡ
Сʱǽһ֪ԼҪôԼòɱй߰ɣ
ģɲֵǮɱûôСֵʱ򣬳СʱŻˣˡ
ǸɷǣԼʲô֪̫аˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô£
仰˵֮Сױ⻹в֪ʲô֪أ
ܿ죬ųһרŸװĵ꣬˱Ϣҡ
绰С˵


34 շ
СʱסˣΪԼˡ
ܿСɫӵĴ绰֪к̣ȻԼѱѵ
ûнͣǳĺŲ裬ȻҶôȴҲ㲻ˡ
ûãӱͣڵſڣĴļһΪ֮Сı硣
磬ȾҡСһˣʱĴֻĻŸո£ûü˵꣬һȭֱӴССϣĻֱӹض
û뵽ԷȻԼԼܣǲﰡ
СıɣⲻĵܵܰҳŪǸӣ˵ɣ¶Ҫô죿ûֹСߣȻ
Сӣܺã⻹ǵһ˸ҵҵұܣ˵ɣôɫǳѿָųӺȵ
ۣҡҡͷ۵Ūҳ¶ֻҪǰǾͿԽոյˣ
Сû˵һСŭһŵĹݺݳųͷȥ
ûһ߳ȥֱڶԷСȹϣꡱһ죬һȹֱӶϵˡ
ôص֣Էļɻ䣬ټҲһû顣
һְڳŻˣһǸùѾιȥ
ˣս꣬һС𣬿һӺݾΪսսø֪˵ĶԲԣЦеĿһƿȫֵɢ
ɫʱ䣬ͫԷԼϸ֪ôбԼȻɵĴż˾ˣҪǶԷȦףԼмˡ
Գеĵһ飬Ǹ˲ţֻһֱûܵӡ
ҸСͻû뵽͸Լôһᡣ
㵽˭ɲŶԷֻһѧǸѧԼ˽⣬Ǹӿ£
˭ҪҪǣҪ̸⣬ˣõҪģۺĿһҰĵˣԽҰĵˣһסôΪһС
ȳȥ˸һ£ȻԷԼôȻԼ˽⣬ԼҪõʲôѵǡ
뵽Щˣ
ЩСܱ£һɻȥ
СдŭιţһúʰһСӡ
СȻ֪鲻̫Ծˣ˵ʲôľܳȥˡ
ȵ˳ȥȴ˵
Ҫʲô飿ϵơƺһڣų
£ҸҪģȼһ̣ĵȴ
ΪҪ˵ʲôأ仰֮󣬶ʱɵˣһӣ˵ʲô
ôãȻɵӣϴ̽ԼԼһԥ¾ͻٲ
ЦζĿ
㵽ҪʲôŵޱȵĳҪץˣ
ʲôǸո˵ģѵˣ΢΢ϵľƣĺһڡ
ƾʲô侲һ۳
ƾұǿҪŴ߳ȥôҪҵģ¾Ʊϱһɿֲɱ⡣
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뵽ֿܣ֮Ķʱɢ¶һĨЦ
жҪұ㶯ְɣҡҡͷɫȻȻѾñɱ׼
ãҹȻûп㣡ʵĲŸɣսλӦģֻһֱڱ̬ԲŻӸ֮λ
㿴ЩжҾ޻˵ˣ
һʣû뵽ȻƷʣȻѶó֮һʱܲˣɰһ˹ȥ
һ۳ֱڳ棬ɵĴǵϡ
ֻǵ֮˫Ŀ˲Ѫ죬沿鶼ΪŭŤǲš
뱨ҿԸᣡһĻȻСΪʱڱԵ
һȾѣȻϣ˫Ŀû˾۽·ʬ⡣
ߣȻСôױ򵹣ҿˣһվſȥ
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ֻҪұһٶˣ˫Ŀ֮ɼѪ˿
סŲûлͷԼ绰룬ȥ
߳ţû˸Ǳ뺷սǸ޷ֵ
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ӽ쿪ʼȥСһԼֵܣ䡣
СȻЩľսܣСĸں档
սȥСûô£ϱ㰤һ⡣
СҾ㣬ҷֵɻ¶ҾԲ㣡Сһƣ
Сɵ㶵ĴԭأŵĿԼ磬ûдԼû뵽ξȻԼ
УԺҲȥҳ鷳ǲ𣡡СһƣôԼܣܵһ䣬ûа취ˡ
ð죬СŷӦԼ֮ԴԼΪԼ˳
СһڵģСͷֻԼҧгݵ
˸صԢʱһ֪ȻΪá
һ˼û೤ʱ䣬绰ǳ̻ȥһ˳̼ҡ
ȻЩɻ󣬲̻ոյЩ̫ԣȻԼðƴүôҲҪɡ
ٴδǰ̼ҡ
̼֮ǳи߶˱ɽׯ˵ݻķӾ⾰ɽׯˡ
̻һ绰ſڱųȥˡ
Ǯһݻı̾һ
εΡ
ڴʱһ
Ťͷһۣһɫķܳʼ磬ÿ˵·
ģùȻҵٵ·ҪǱ£ǵײ㣡ڣһķǳ˵ҡ´ųһ̵һţǰȥ
ɫһŽ·һ黨̳ΧʯߵץУݺݳܳȥ
ž
һųǰȥķݺݵɲסĦŵܳüײͣ


35 Ϸ
ŭ³Լյķ󳵴Ȼһгױŭ
Сӣŭĳųȥ쵽ǰʱһȭݺݳųȥ
һֱ߳һСϣȻһֱήڵϡ
´ٲɾһûõĶŪһץסгͷȵ
бˣȵӵʱ򣬳Ѿ뿪
˭㶼ˣųȥıӰʱ
鲢ûжԳκӰ죬һ˵Ǳ˵ׯ԰
ΪҲ̫˰ɣǰЩС˺ö࣬ˣȻкܴĸ߶򳡡
ҵˣһ绰̻ܿԨ˳
үү¥أԨӣʱһɫ
Ȼ֪Щ֮󣬳ֱ¥̻ɳϡ
ˣ̻ûų˵ͷĿٴηŵƱϡ
ʲôˣüͷ̻ǸϺ꣬ʲô¶϶ôżԼ
̻ϵı飬΢³̼ҿǳʲô¶ˡ
Ҷӳˣ̧̻ͷųһ˿Ӷһ̣˺üζûеŻ
΢΢һ㶣Ӷͳ̣
û˵ó̻ĶӣҲǸԼͬҲгļһˣǳء
ҿ԰ʲôæ˵ɣͷ𣬿˵
Ҫ𣡡̻˫ĿѪ죬ôֱֱĿųдϣɫ
˵˵ɣٴεһ̣̻˵
̻龭˵һ֮󣬳׵׷ʲôˡ
ԭ̻ӳѧǰ죬ѧУǱߴ绰˵Ϊ˽һƷŸɱˡ
Ѿ˻سˣ̻ţ̫̫̫үѹĿǰֻг̻Ԩ֪飬֪Ӧô˭˵
ҿһ˵֮󣬳̻΢ƽһЩ
壬˵ɣ˵ͷǣ浽ţĿǰĳȥЩֵܵӢƬأڵûȥ
֪϶ΪѣҲûа취Ҷӳа˷̫̫̫үʹˣ³ִܲԣȥ̫̫̫ү
˵֮󣬳̻¶ɫȻ֪飬Գƽ
ҶӲ˽⣬һô죿һ£˵ͷԼʡ
Ѿ׼˵ˣ˵ڹԴײˣ⣬ö䶪ʧ̻˵һóЦõɣɣֻܽܡ
Ԩݳųͳ̻һũׯ԰ַǳݻģǴ԰Ϣġ
·֪̫̫̫үǴũģס߳¥̻ТȻίĸڴ˸һƬũᡣ
裬Сˣյũׯ̻ϵı黻ºЦݡ
ȻЩźͻ֣̿·õġ
С˰СӣС͵ô֪꣬Сǣڸ˵ؽˮϴϲãԸ䲻ٶȳ߹
һϽܹȥٳʲô⡣
ǰ֮󣬳ҪүӣүӸ˦үүһûе˷ĵزֻҪСԺүү̾ͺˣ
ͷӣС÷̫̫̿ŭүһֻۣɴЦݿų
үү̣ԲԺϣλˣСǹ¶ĳǳ飬̲סڽˡ
һһ£»ʯʯʣһߣȻүӱȽϺһڡ
СǲǷʲôˣүʱ򵱹һϹս۲˷ǳϸʵ
үӵĻһ˲̻¶һĨȻɫ
裬Сǰһʱ䱻ײһ£Щ䶪ʧˣһ̻ñȽ滺˵
ʲôСû¶˰ɣײˣ⺢ӣô¶ô֪һǣǲǻȥ̫̫һʱˣų֣Žɫ˵
үҲЩˣ̫ñԼĸ顣
̣ⲻѾû¶ֻǺö벻ˣȻ˵ݶˣȻ±ࡣ
˵ûɣһֳ֣ĲˣǸж
лл㣡·ϣ̻ǳϵĶԳл
ʵӦлл㣬㣬Ҳܵʲô飡˵
˶û˵ڱ飬̻Ҳûᡣ
СûĻȥһúͽɣ쾩ѧУ̻ͻȻ뵽һ飬˵
ǣҪȥ˵Ļô̯̯֣ûоܾ
û£ʱһ͵ģ̻ҡҡͷ
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ֲڵĴѧŮҵãĶܺȥˡ
Ȼʱ񻣬ò欻ĵŮѧ뵽ſں򣬺ֻʣ³һˡ
ףףףͮҶϵ绰Сǳá
ոսӵǸϰֵ˵绰˵һŵԵ׶󣬽ϱҪȥףҪŻˡ
ףòƻͮڴŵԱߵţڳϵĳʱǰһ
˧磬ڵˣڳ̵ȴŵʱһϯһİ͹µŮǰ
ֻóЩǣŮͿĨ̫ۣ֬ڸĳ࣬٣õµġ
ǰ¶һЦƳŮһۣƾοŮʲô⡣
ûȤŮһͮҧгݣ쵰ǿԼױӲô䵭С¶ݣðͰ͵ֺԼ
ûȤҡҡͷΪѧУſ߳Ů
һ߱Ƚϸһ˫ȣǹ˻ǣֻǰȴֻ΢΢
Ƿǳľ£ǲʳ˼̻Ůһ㣬˪û񣬷Ӳٷ֡
һߴһҵӣžµĶɫȹŮǰƤ糤ɢ
Ů뾫СϴЦݣʱͬѧȻȸŮ


36 רҵ
ŮȻ֪û뵽øƵĳ̻ȻƯŮ˭ҪǸ㶨һԽûԣһǿⱲӶԹ޻ˡ
㲻ҪңȵľãǵĻȰ㻹Ƿɣ⳵ĵΣڳҪкʱߵĺͮͻȻ˵
ˣͦģҲûҪ˼
û˻֣ſھʣˣȻǳעĿ
ֻǵǿԽҰкĶ֮󣬶ʱȫð׳յĿ⿴ų˭֪һԽûǳ̼ҴС㣬ôһԽҰҲ뱧˹飬Ρ
ӵһأֻ˪ųƱɽ˵ĳմʱųһЦݣȻãڱɽ˵ֱ漣
ٷ۳Ǹ߸ϵŸ߹󣬿ɾվƶˣŮŮӣʱҲ¶Цݡ
ǣЦݶΪŵģǸԽҰϵӡ
ͮʱҲɻ֣˪ȻԸºͣҲǴžеŮλŮȻòզֵըļһһЦʲô
λԽԽƯˣûҰúͮɴӵǣʲôǵļһȻλŮ˸첲
ҪλŮСˣѵ֪λŮ˽Ӵ
ȻŮС˶ħ֣֮ݺСһšŮҲǴСӡ
ֻһĻʲô
ͮҲԾˣŮС̬Ȳһʱܷܷ֣סСӡ
һֹ̣ͮǿһĻˣ۾١
û뵽ԼֻԿܱܲһλŮȻԼ
޹ǣǰĿɱȳպãǳ
Ȼǳ䣬ǹɵĴóЩղܡ
߰ɣؼң׼ǰȥʳĺͮյ仰֮󣬶ʱͣסˣѲλŮѾ쵰ͬˣ
СλǣͳȻԱߵĺͮʵգۣ˵ܵܣ۹ĺѷ
λŮãҽкͮѣͮ˵ֱһ仰ס˳죬ͬʱвĿ˳һۡ
ȻѣǾһϳɣȥſɡֱ´档
ѧУЩʹĿп룬ϳպͳŮߴߴĿʼڹ
֮ǰͽӵǸ׵ĵ绰֪˵ܵײˣ⣬ԸҲ֮ǰȫͬˣԿһµܵܡ
ͮʱǳƣ˼˵Żһ˾Ƕġ
ͮ״ſʼһûһĸͮŮͦĻģǳίİԼƻ˵һ顣
ԽԽоԾòԼưɣ
ȻԤûгȻٰܾȴЩסλ鹥ˡ
ͮͮǲӦðԼĿҵܵܿСӣΪǺ㣬ͮѧУУɲӣպݺһ³ļ򣬽ѵ
ͮһɬħŮı£ЯʪֽϵŨױ
ûзϣǵӺӾпžµ֮󣬶ʱסˡ
ۻļһܳˮ֣µ٣̺ԸУֻˮĴ۾ëǻ˵һ㡣
Сģһզأûע⵽ǰˣֱѣŷӦȻһ򣬳ֱײԱ߻ϡ
Ǹھӻ׵ĵطһˤڵأſڵϰ
СܣȥײûײˣͺͮŮŵɫ԰ף侲ȿ˵
ڳţҪ³۾΢΢һУоЩ̫ԾҪ㱻ԼײļһҪʲô
³֮󣬳ſΧѾΧ˲ˣǹ˵ص㡣
ܵģΪΧ۵ˣǵ֮ˡ
ǮײˣһСҪⱻײˣ໴ĶӣϰʮԲڴĸףҩӵӣǸô
һˣʱʼף˵Ļȴޱȡ
Χһʱȫʼųָָӵ񶼱
һȥкĮ
ӽҵ꣬νḻ۾Ҳǳһ㲻ѡַǳĳӣǻѡһ㳵Ӻãֲĳӡ
Ϊ೵ϲ˼ƽϣЩǳǮ˿ɲǵġ
Žĳ֪Ϊʲôһ£ǿеĮ񣬸ڿһ
㲻ýˣҪǮǰɣ˵ɣҪ٣ڵϣͳһ̣߳Цеʵ
ΧһҲû˵ʲôˣ˼ҶԸǮˣǻ˵ʲôأ
ֻҪҾͲ׷ײҵˣһʱǰһ˵
̫ˣɣҸʮ򣬲ûǮȥ·ߵȡһ£ô磿ϴŷǳϿҵЦݣӶóһŽ𿨡
۾ɵԲû뵽ԼոֻթǮȻɵӣһ˶ûܣ㡣
ãߣҪЦˣһֱͦӴӵվǽһ˶
Χ˴ʱȫˣһɵģڱ˼Ҹˣֻɵɵ
ˣҰǰɣүú棡۾һУһźݺݵ߳ȥֱĶϣ˸غ«
û˵ʲôˣЩոѵȫͷ˼Ϳһɵġ
˭ϲɵˣ飬û˳ͷôһﱻ
磬ҪˣҴˣԺҲˣʱԼһʼ͵õУסԼֺɫ̸⳥ǷǳļǮȫǶԷƺõġ
ʱûڲѣҲѾˡ
붯֣ʱˣҪٴȥԼɾͱˡ
ɣҿ㣡Ҳøһƽϣתϳ
ĳ̼ҽõɴӣŵĿԼܵܣںͮʱ۶Сǣһ˳ƨ˵֮⣬пȡ֮ġ


37 
·ϣ֮ǰľٶˣΪպͳǵģֱҪƷˣɴ಻˵ˡ
㣬ûзС֮ǰһˣ³֮Ƶ꣬סСʵ
Щһ϶ǳ֮ԴײˣԸҲ֮ǰһҡҡͷҲ¶ɻ֮ɫȻ⻰˵Լš
һ˻ΪĳЩתԸ񣬵ԸתЩ󰡡
ǰĳһͷβӵܣһַǳСģǸոյǶܵ˹Ŀ࿴ĸо
ոպ˧̫ˣͮʱŴ۾ݵĿų
˵֮ǰĺͮۿڵĺͮɱƾ޴󣬳Ŀбӣ±СѾͷ
ãһᣡ̨ԷԱ˵
˼ѾûˣԱϴǸЦ˵
ʱһ˹Ϊ׵һƷεˣŵҲһȺˣ磬ͨ˼ҵĺӡ
һᣡΪ׵꿴һԱߵĺͮһʣֻһţԷԱЦ
ȻոշԱһӦС֮ĶԻûа᣿ʲôЦ˻ûаᣬˣûҲС
˼ԱȻЩЩǣԱ߳һĿȻ˵С
ʲô˼ߣҹһȥ˵ҺԷˣûаᣡԱĻû˵ֱ꣬ӴϣȵͬʱĿ⿴ͺͮ
ǸԱһ֪ԼϽ绰꾭ܿһЦĳûһֱۣҺ˹ȥ
ӣǰ绰룬õİѾԤˣĵЦݣֻ͹Ƶֺõ
·ɣҺȻĵ˵ͷȻϵǳ⣬ЩҲһų֮⡣
ǾƵǾƵ꣬ʲôèðģҪˣҪȻʱҪˣ¾ͲðˣҺ۾һ࣬òĺͮʱ
ǣӽѵǣȥǸߣΪȻеģһ֣˽ͺͮߡ
һ£Һһˣס꣬ߵͮǰ¶һ˧ЦݣλŮãҽһ£ҽҺƵҵĹɷݣһ¾ƵҿԴһ
ֻɫĿЩûжŭҪͮҪô
˼ҿ²ܴӦ㣬ѻģóεǣֱͮһ§סԼ첲ҡͷܾ
ŮڿЦСӾȻѣʲôõģӰɣʱҪ÷ҪꡣҺû˵Ա߱˿˵
ҺʱЦˣСӣͦģԼ˵Щߵ˿˵
Цݲ䣬ҪͮôСѾͷǱ֮һֲҪֵĸо
ǿɲУѶҿɺˣȥ̣˵Ҫҳһٴͣ˺óʱܹǮأѺܰңͮգźÿ˫Ŀǳ޹͵˵
ʱСѾͷҪԼﺦҲû
Һһ⻰ʱǰһŮûֱžܾǳίŮôɶء
λã˵⻰ɾͲˣֻҪӣҪʲôʲôҪô׾һλᰡˣҺ߹Ӷʱ
ʱһᣬٸЩһﳶӣó̼ùˣֱס֣ͮſȥ
ҺһʱˣҲ˲óԷʲôˣѳ˰ΧסһɫƵĿų
㣬أұ۸ˣſڵĳպͳ֣һǳίӡ
̼ҽȻǰ淢飬˿첽ΧȦ
̼ó֮Һ˶ɵˣȻ֪̼һԽûò绨ǰλɲǳ̼ҴС
ô£Լֱ࣬ӱʵ
һɫʱ䣡
ܼ򵥣ֶνѵһ٣ҺֻǸɷʧ͸Ͻ
ûжŭҪŮδ飬չȻһ㣬Ҫǰ߾ˡ
ս㣬ո̫˧ˣճ̣˵ĲôôأͮʱһݵĿųգɢŮ̫˧ˡ
û취һҵΪȫµŮ׼ģЦеĿźͮΪոպͮЩǰĳ΢ѿһ϶¶ѩ׵Ĺ֡
ͮĿųӣоԾˣǰʲôڸһ㣬ͷһʱһϽסԼǰ
åٿͰͮͨ죬˫ĿĿųҪƵġ
Ҳֲң˭㲻ѿӿۺأ˵ˣһƬɻʲôÿģ̯̯֣ǳ޹˵
ֻûз֣˵仰֮ĳ˸һ⣬ץӵֶһ
㣬סСܴˣһʶΪ侲ӣһץס֣С˵
һ۳ŽеĿӷ£ϸͻ֣ᷢһۼȻǸոġ
㡭ͮʱˣ˺ãԷȻ˵ԼǷɻֱ
һٷڹгˣ㿪ų̼ҽûصУںͮڳ˾Ƶ֮㱻˽ˣӾȻǱͮҲ
СܣǲʲôǣصļңоǳŤǵλƯò񻰵Ľ㣬ϴ裬ԡۣջĿһҪĸо
ûʲô¶ʲô¶أҡҡͷȻЩ飬ʷǳãϿʲô
ģպͳĶųҪпʲôʧˡ
λôƯôƭأǳĿԣˣҪܸסһǸо϶رˬ
ڳYYʱ򣬵绰ͻȻһ绰룬ʱ֪ͣҹˡ
λϽ㣬ȳȥˣ۰¶˻ֻϵ֣߳


38 ¼
㣬СЩ̫Ծ۰ִֵͷӣǰСǺ۰ֵģ߳ĳһɻ
˵СΪԴ̼ܵűڲ۰ˣ˼һʡ
֪ˣСܰʲôΪʦһأ㿴ı֣ʵ̫ˡշǳ׵Ĳ²⣬Լòףղ֪Ĳ²ܽˡ
֮߳󣬳㿴̻ڼʻϳ̣¶ݡ
ͷӣʲô飿ǳĽǰԺܹùԼţǳȻԼ
Сסɣ̻˼ãҧҧ˵
ʲôסûЦɣɴӣոջСŮһסǳˬأڻͰԼǰ
ô㲻Ը⣿̻üЩãԼŮô㣬СӾȻĵġ
Ӽתܿ׳̻Եˣ޷Ůġ
ⳤסһ¶ļʸͷ᲻֪ΪʲôҪ˾أ
㲻ˣֻоЩ̫ãҵĳ˶ԸңԸպߣҷģ̻ɻɡ
ջûдӦֻǸʲô飬ֱϵ
Լ֪ԼΪʲôӦӦĺôȲӦĺô࣬ǿ϶ģ뵽ǵȻӰ᲻Ҫ뿪˼
ϣһ񣬲һ̼ҵ׷ʲôˣ̺ܿ𸴣ûзʲô顣
صԢ׼Ľ£һǳŶܻԼӡ
ѵǺˮ޲ɣŽĶӣʱԼɵ˧
ҡҡͷصԼ䣬ڴϣʼ
ֻǳãûͻ㣬˵ĻԼʵǿʮϧ߾Ŷһ׹
ڳŵʱ򣬵绰𣬳òֹһİ룬ֱӰˡ
ֻǸհûã绰ִ
ι˭Щͷֱӱһ
ϴǵ̣С㱻˸ˣ绰ͷ˵̻ŵ
һʱŭˣոջ˵һôת˲䣬Ѭ㱻˸أ
ô£ϸ˵Կףɿܳ˹Ԣɯٻά޴ֻ̻ܿԼԽҰ
ԽҰԿҰ̬ʹԢС¥ϣһ˫Ư񻰵۾ųӶƯ˫Ŀ¶һįɫ
·ϣٶǰӷ٣ڳˮУӷǳֱʵͷ쭳
ٵ绰˹֣֣ͨȻֳѾ󲿷˷𣬷׷״绰˴ﵽ120ȥˡ
ҹưɣ㿴˳ĵ̻һˣǰ
ϴ󣬶ԲûãһϽӭȥҿ
ˣԷȻѡٳ֣ôǿ϶Ŀģܿ˱绰ϵǣǳ򶨣ҵһɳʼĿϢ
ϴ绰ˣŵ绰ܹѾ۾ʾ⵶̰ѵ绰ģʽ
ٺ٣ɱʣð绰洫һЩӲ֮󣬳Ȼվɱӿš
̵ɫ˲԰ף˺ü𺳺;ɫ
ղ˼ҧ³֡
û뵽ɱʾȻһСƨܺãɱ֮Ҿʵɱְһ
绰ͷһŻĿЦûȴղ˼˵
֮ǰԼסֻһСŮ¾Ҫ˵ղ˼ĹҶ˵绰
ɫƽ·ոɱͷųģ
̻໢߲Щ־ĿųΪǴӸոյĵ绰˽⵽˺ܶϢλϴͷ
Ȼ֪ҵʵݣô͹ܺǵͣסƽɨһȦ֮ˣɾôƽһۣõ̵в
ϴģ֮²֪˭й¶ȥҵ̵һŹѹظ֤
ȻҶ˵һȫʼԱ֤
˵ͷǰԸ񣬵̵֪ԼݣȻŹǣǳҪһѣЩֵֵԼΡ
㳯ſȥΪ֮ԼвһСʱʱ䣬Ȼղ˼ǲԼ̫׼
ϴҵԸһǰȻվдĳּ
һ׷׳ʾԸͬ
ã̫˲ãԷǸǹĸ֣ȥֻܸԷӣҡҡͷǳǹղ˼ĸָ˺սܹµġ
ϴȥΣյԼΪ£ôܸţϴȥҲУǲΧֹСߣһݰ𪣬Ÿ۾ͻȻڡ
˽и𺣸ԭ໢ľʦȻսǿ໢ڸ֮𺣸дĹ͡
ҲУǲ֮ڣ˵ͷڸ𺣸İ֮£ʮװ磬˼ǳͨĳȻŮˡ
ԵͷϲŲ˵Ļɡ
ɿŵԽҰʻȥ
һѾư˵ĴռǲСһֱû˽֣ôķš
Сʱ֮󣬳ڿһĸֺ͵ΣֱӴ˸绰̡
³Ŵȥ
塭ܿ죬̸ֻٴ
ɱʹȻɫˣǰ׵ĵطһĳȥ㣡绰ͨղ˼ٴ
ûж˵ϻҶϵ绰ٴγղ˼˵֮ȥ
ɢĲʵѾ׼һ鲻ԾһʱӦ
ȻǸ֣棬һܺõƸߵ㣬αװղ˼˵
ڳ֮ղ˼һֱþѻǹ׼ųԴֻÿҪǹһ˲䣬Ĳ΢΢һǡֵĶ㿪
ҲûãǹҪȲˣܿղ˼üͷչͬʱѻ׼׼˶泧ڵĴͷǰѬ
ֱ׼ĸоʧ֮󣬳һȻаܹܿԷѻ֮Ϊǹɱְǰʮɱþѻǹָţζ治ܡ
Ȼֱȥɵղ˼֪ҪѬȳС
볧һ˲䣬ֱӹضովλãһöӵ˲䴩
ղ˼ľУ볧һ˲ǾѻǶȣɾȻˡ


39 ŭŮ
¶һĨЦݣûżǹ۲⳧ûʲôڵ֮ѬڰУһ޴󴰻룬ղ˼϶׼ŰѬء
ѬʱüͷΪְѬʱ״̫ãɫ죬Щ١
ղ˼˭ȲˣѬʱ״ɫǳãȻѬǷʲôҩ
ҩڿҪˣճĹƣ໹ӣʱܰĶҲˡ
˲ſڵϣһַǳֵƳǰ
أղ˼һСֻҪȥȻЩΪЩֻвʮ֣ͨȻ¶ۼ
˫ȷǳСȵĵŵǰ밬Ѭ׵ĵطͣһǣղ˼
ֻһΣŵϵİѬĿ¶⣬ЩȻƵģѸϣȻͨ˵ġ
һתһˮĵƬڳУһѷǳĵƬǳţûܿóһѵƬЩ͸
ָţĴָʳָס⵶ƬӻЩ
תеƬһļ
͡
һϵİѬһ塣
ԶĳڶƬһ˲㽫Լ·ȥͬʱӳ෴ķȥ
顭
һǹ죬ȥ·˲䱻򴩣ʱѾѬڻУһ¿ŰѬ뵽֮
ղ˼һǹɫʱһ䣬ΪΪǹ֣ԼȥӵһӦһǹôܹоõɸոһǹԷſˡ
ղ˼ûż뿪ǼǱеľѻǹѾЩȣȻɱųɱֽNO.1˵һǳҪ顣
Ϊǹ֣ڳʱ򣬲ʺټִˣӦù뿪
ղ˼Ѿɱ֮һиɱˣִĵȴŻᵽ
̣˵ǹЦһйѾûˣ˸绰̡
ɱ֮ĶԾеʱľ˭ĸ㹻ղ˼ΪԼ㹻Ҳڵȴ쵽Ȼûж
ʮӹȥ֮Χһ󾯵ʱЩǰ׳Ŀŵѵ´ݾ
ʱЦû뵽ξĵǿ죬ľҲûд˵еǰ㲻
ֻǿ˶¶ɫΪʱİѬһߣϲš
ΪһûбܵòҪԣԻὫƵ
ղ˼ɫһ䣬Ȼ֪ǻľ쵽ˣȻڻľûзϣһһɱ֣òѡ
ţ߳ܿ죬ʮΧס֮˾ȻǸŮ
ԴӳΪ̾Ӵӳ֮ƢԽԽΪŮģԺܶʱ޷嵽ǰߣȻǴӳҲ˵߹ϵŽġ
񻣬òˣǾһ֦֪˶ףŮ˿ֲıӡ
߰ȻܲˣտƾһֱһӾҪ֤Լǻƿǿϵ
һֱûлᣬνӵ绰֮ԳѸ٣ΪһЩϵҪ֤Լ
ӳô̰ɣⱨ绰ֻ˿ЦߵһλԼʮľЦ
ųԭ̾ӳѡϧ褿սȻ褳Ưųȴ֮ǣȻԼӳˡ
ԣһʲô⣬ų䳰ȷΧľԴѾϰˡ
ų귢ľֲûпķǹսôǵ׼»Բ㣡ųȻϲɽһ
ϣ˰ɣųһȻ֪褱ǿϣԷ
ų飬ҲЩŭѹ
һӣӣڻĿ꣬ߣ´һϵָܿʮ侯ڻųǰ
ڴʱһӱһŮӴӳ߳ӳ֮ڡ
˫ֱͷ£ˣһӶ侯Ѹٽǹڵתͬʱʾ
ұأûͷ񣡡һȺǹʵľ죬Ƥʱ˶ʲôʱľôߵЧˣ
ǹ褺ÿüëһţѺų
ʲôˣΪڴˣһֲõԤУжҪ
쾩ѧѧⲻĩŮ棬ŮͻȻգιȥˡŮ٣ɲ԰æǻȥһ޹ͬʱԼѧ֤ͳȥ
۾ȴǳСĵ͵˺ü褣Ʒջ󰡣⾯ٵ治ǸǵģҪأҪƨƨɣˣȻǾһ֧
ѧ֤һ˲䣬褱ףԼǳˡ
ûзʲô쳣飿ǹ褲ģѯʵͬʱ۾ų
ûлˣȴѧͣѧ֤ҲǼٵģڱŵŮȻˣյ֢״һɨһ۱㿴ó
ûаһֱûʲôǹ٣ﲻǹսɣɻ¶ɫ
ˣǻȥɣС͵ź֮¼һ¿ڹɫǳÿǿԱֻųһ
ɻһ޹ļһȻ֪ԼоȻһλŮ١
·ϳ¼ڹҽԺ֮󣬳Ŵڵʱ͵͵ﰬѬһЯǺܷ㡣
ȵڵĶѬɫָҲþȺܶࡣ
̣ҽԺңѬȶ֮󣬳һĨ⣬ʱ䣬Ҳൽˡ
ܿ쵶Կϳ㳯źʻȥ
˺ߣ͵һҿͧԼʻźʻȥ
ϴҪȥ̴ʱһͷˮΪжʼ֮ǰԸ̽һҿͧһӣͬʱ׼һҿͧͧϷһЩ
ȻЩɻ󣬵̻ǷǳִˣΪģΪʵݣɱְһǿھȻϴ붼һ
˵ǰ̵˻ЩƾʲôһʮСϴ󣿿ȴķڷˣϴ໢γˡ


40 ĸ
ȥɱˣһɱְߣǳɪļһѵ˵
ȴɵˣȻ֮ǰҲ֪ǹļһҲû뵽Ȼߵǿڡ
뵽Լϴһɱʣлˡ
ϴֻܷԸɽһüͷˣظ֤̱ɽ൱֡
Ǵ󺺻ʵԵ̸ĸȡһ֣ɽǽɽ˼
˭֪ԼҶѧû꣬㿪ʼϻȫ֡
Թ͵˿ſͧʻ˰СʱǰһҶĿͧ
ȻˣҴɫЩÿΪûˣΧ濴һӰ
ΧСĹ۲ʮӣڷԲǧһһȻղ˼ܵˡ
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ѬҲǶʮѾܶŮΪɱ֣ĸǱֵķǳղܡ
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һ𪾧Ө̤ű޳ȳƵȣϡ

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Ķ˵Щ˵⻰ʱ򣬳Ѿܳ˷š
СӣͦģɣѾˣų뿪жʱһãɫ󿪿ں
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ȵƳţȴͨ죬Ϊ뵽֮ǰŸ߳Լϲ飬Ժô
ˣֲ֪ܿ콭±ˣҪһֻѡǼ顣
׷ȥ֮Ѱ˺þöûѰµӰֱŴ绰˵Ѿȥˣһ
ԼôˣΪʲôôأʱԼЩĹͷˡ
Ȼ˵ĻôϲԼԼֻһðүڽӵܣһС˵ȻĴ롣
Щӣ̫ȥڴϻ
ʲôҪһᱨģڳţ֪ﵽʲôطʱһֺͲС
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ѩ׽۵¶СѾɵˡ
СŮǾֵɫѩ׼̼Ļëǽһˬ졣


41 СɵĹ
Сɺµı۾ǵȴ˰죬ԼϺûзʲô顣
ſ־壬۾ӳһųͦε壬һ㣬ǰ
ĸС죬ʱڵϣӽһҰ
ŮּˣСЩ֮ʣһº͵С
ʱСɲſ⻹Ǹˡ
㣬ôС¶ϲɫʱ˸ոյĿ־塣
ǰĨѩһʱ۾ֱˣΪ֮ǰëôһ˺·˺ɫBra˺¶һƬѩףģĻĹ֡
ⲻ֪ŮѣԸϹӢ۾ֻɨһۣϽŲҲ֪ôˣһְѳֲסĸо
ָоһǣʱ򣬶ͻƵ㣬ѵйأ
ۡлл㰡Ҫҽ졭СɶʱĻˣм
Сһ׮˭۹ŵȳأȻҪǣŮЦеĿСɣͬʱԼס˺¶ѩס
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İɣˣЩ࣬ȣѾˣ˰֣Ȼ
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ʱǰ˵Ӱصһô򵥵һССһϲ
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ãллңԷˣҿ֪һ㻹һأָ˵
Сɶʱһ죬֪˵ʳõ飬ɾǿУ룬ҪȻԺҲˣ
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ðɣȻˣҴӽϾͿʼӣһúһ٣Ц˵ɵСɶöʱչЦ
Сɣڸ˭˵أڴʱһƣСɶʱһ
裬ڱнĿģСɸϽתÿĸ״ӷ߳ϴڸǲľݺ͵ǡ
裬ȽݰɣҹžȥСתװŵӣָոջһĳȻˣҪϵ·ڣ¶ΪԼˡ
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Ȼ֪ŮΪʲôôΪңԴɷ˴ֲ֮ҵ֧㵹ˡ
ÿҪ֧߶ҽҩѣ÷ԼûʲôĻֻ߲Ǯ
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˴ѧˣŮÿ˲ͣ÷ǳκѹ
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µĹŷǳףŮԭһҸļͥȻǴ󸻴ͥҲǸСͥ
ֻǰŮȥҪծծ˴ֲˣծǮƣŮֻͨͥϸţֻðѿˮԼʡ
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ҲϢסһ仰кñˣ첻ңģɫ֣ص˵˵꣬һСɣԾȥ
СɲɵӣһӾ֪ԼĹԼĹˣһߺգԼû¶Щʲôأ


42 
뿪Сɼ֮ȥһ绰Сɵ˵һ飬õȥ顣
ҪǳʶСɣ£翴۵̫ˣ˶ʶҪǲֵĻԼĶ
ոջصſڣǱ߾Ϣ˵Ѿҵ˵ԪףǱĹϵ
ϴֻЩˣ뿴Щ˵ôģǷծǮ쾭飬ЩһﲻֹǮ˸ֲˣºǶԼĹϵ鶼ѹﲻˡ顣
ЩϾʹ˼ۣͻȻһ޷סɱðѾǷծ㹻ˣһϵʱ֪Լˡ
ԪһҳһڵˣȻΪծ˸ֲˣǴα֤ݣСɼһ׷ӸƵĵͼ۳ˡ
ֱĨɱ˵Ļǳ޷̵ܵĽѵЩϿ˺ü飬֮ҵͻƿڡ
Ƿծӣǰܼҵӵܣ˵ֻҪΥĹЩ˶ˣΪϲĲҲŴİá
ɱ˸ӣֱӿųڵĵطȥˡ
һͽҲ൱ѵãǼȴҲһЩ¡ÿ첻ӻʮЩ˶ԸӶĳ뿪
ֻҪ֪ЩˣǶҧгݵĴǼǸоΨҵŶԵСɼҡ
ǶĳǳĶĳĺ̨ǳ֮һй
һĳһǼƵ꣬ҲǽǣλþڶΪĵطÿ춼ͥУ˵սСطˡ
ֻʮӾ͵Ǳߣҵϵʱ򣬾ѾƵԱߣʦǲ²ϴԼҪϴһЩģǿԵĻǽִһ㣬ʱҲԼ߾£ƣһ˷ϡ
ϴ󡣡ĳæߵǳԱߵȺţ߻š
ôˣǵԼûжԵ˵ԼҪһԼɲŵ̻˵ĵˣ
ʦϴ·̺ܼ򵥵һ仰Ҫ֪Ϣ˵
ҵҪĿǸղһҪҵʲôð취ûУԼİ취ǼֱӣҪķѺܴľоЩֵҪӼֱӵֶΡ
붼ûѿڶ֣ҪϴҪĻھ˺͵ʽ𣬱֤ͿǸһƲ
ϵˣЩֶζ壬ҪֵĻֻҪ߲棬иɻ
ãüˡȻǻһģһЩֶԵϾӶˣҲһͨģ̵Ľ飬ļӾһӳһſ̣Ǯˣ˾ͲҪˣԳ֡
ϴģǮϵеĽ𿨣а򣬶һǿʱڸȡƵ֡
ٷϻȥֱͣӿ͸Ĵӹ뷨ֱӣƲ¶ǵС£Լİڳٴ̼һҪӵͲס
ղһηСɵϰ֮ԱˣһԭΪǿΪûǮǳȴ˵ģǷծˣ㲻Ǯ˼ҲңǸôң
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ϴЩǾʦǰ׼õģҪǲỹ
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ˣ˵ʲô𣿡µţµԼµûб£ΪһԼߵ˶ᱻѹơ
ҡ̿ʲô֮ǰѾʾǾʦ³ŵˣþʦɱ֮
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һңˡȻ׾ʦ⻰һ˫أҪȻҪ˲ţҪڻ飬ȥǾʦδķչ
һȴõ̽ĸ£֪ôСˣгһֻ໢һķչ׶Ρ
ǰԬǸ֮ϴûʲô֧֣ԾʦʲôֶΣǶûа취ӳѾͬˣôǿˡ
·
Ҳ˵һ̣Ƶվߣ̼˵ףǴ·Ƕܹڵڳǰ棬ԳǰҸһˣ·ıڣǸżˡ
ֻǼ˶һǮĴۣЩ߳ĶͽҪˣǼ˶ô׳˼ֻܹεϨ
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վţһ۾Ϳǹ֧ɴ˿ԿطҲţˣĽڳҪ죬ֻǲҲҪһƤ
˵ⱳڵ㹻ӲͲ¾飬ҪȻҲĿŵ
λĺܡŵסǣط˭֪һҪȥҪ˵ģҪȻһèȥŪʲôɨ˵ˡ
һ໢ĵ𣿡һڳǰΨΨŵŵŵĴ˵ؿڣ˶Ҫб»Ϳ˼ҲΪǺֻΪһǻ
ȻһöԷΪҪǣ㹻
ǵûԱŵĻŵ˿϶һǹȥ֪˭ʱǹֶƿˡ
Ǻǣ̲ҪΪ˼ңǵһ˼ҲʶǣҲ
ȴһ˵ģֹ̬չȥƺֻǵһ棬תۼȴһţһڵģҳ·ҲҪûпӴʲôǮȼԽȫҶٻˡ
Ѿ߿Ҳȥˣ˶⻰ԺֻһͷСӹţֻҲ㹻죬̸£ǲһĶӰ
ŵ˺ǹˣڳ£һ㶼Ҷˮ˵Ķͷ䣬ǶоҪԼǹˣľԼ
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Сӣѧ㣬ҪΪͿסӣҸ㣬Ӹŵǳ١һ˼£ŵģڳݶҧˡ
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43 ܻ
֮󣬽Ŀ򶨵ЦλҸʲôȻ˧ĺܣǿҪշѵġ
Щһ˵ͷˣЩϲ֣Ƕ֪ų϶ῴֵġ
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ŮɹٶһЩսľ˵ϰҪһš
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֪ǳԼģ鶼һҲ³ֳ飬Ͼھôӡ
ݣЩطаţͿСһˣѾѿСƢԺҪ֪طģֻҪӸ
ϰ֣Ҫŭ⣬㿴ңǲʿˣǰѰѶʤһʮ˵һ̣Щ˷ܵ˵׬ӿļ
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ѾƸĸˣҸõƣȴǴЦõȥơ
̻ΪѾźˣĿƣǵƴ֮ɫһƬҰס
㡣

ҸӶ̲סЦˣһĵ㣬һ㣬һߵ㡣
ôǶʤߡ
ߵû뵽ԼһûӮһȴӮ˼ǧ
顭
ȴͻȻվյˤӣָŵ̴ڵģոո滹ֱӮˣô˰ʲôһǼ˲ҪЦȻҪǰɣҾģһǧ򣬲ⶥ
˿̳ܻģ˶ˣ⻹ǸոǸôļһ
ҲϢˣܼôУһûһǧǸ˭ȥް


44 ʧʤ
ͽµľˣһۣʲô鶼пܡ
ǵͷǵĿųС˵Բ١
Բ𣿶Բһǧֱûˡ
涼ȴǲòϷ¡
˵˵Ҫٸһǧ򶼿У˵ӣǶһֶó֪ٸһǧ
ֻǣ˿ȴѾϷˣҪ˵ģļСܶսľǶΪԼˡ
Ȼһǧĺܶ࣬ȴǳԼõ̿ģôʱ򻹹𵽵̵أ
æڵϱųĴȣ޺ţٲҪԺţǮˡ³ʲô顣
ŭȵȥö༸ǧҪȻҰƤ
ǡ
̳ȥˣȴЩŭְһǮ˵ɣ
á
Դһ㶼ģʵϷ룬ĸ࣬Ҫ֪ʱЩֱӽԼָնΪľƭ֣º֤ϷĺЧ
ʼ
ơ
һǳԼƣ㡣
һѽԼӸ߷ˡ

ҸȴǶڰ˵ŵ㡣
ֻһ˿ʤȴҲһҪ˳߰ʮ
λ٣˼ŵ㣬֪⻹ûǮ
ӮˣһɺϣģǼֻԼ֪ˡ
ôңеǮǳϼŵĳ̻ҪҪھʹ绰ڹ
һȭϣǼ
⻰ʱˣ̻Ĵ׹ģתһ룬ԼǶĳϣֲԼģӮǳ̻ҲܲסԼ߰ɣ
뵽ַһֺǺǵ鿴ų˵⻰˵ģ˭˵ûǮǵʽܶǶ㵽ס
˵ı飬ŭȴƺлûа취йһ㡣
ʵϣȴѾֿ
Ǽ˻֣ǹͷ³
о⣬Ǿƹĺܣһģ̫ˡ
ܳҪЩˣȴû뵽ƺôϣҲʲôֽţֻ̲סһ飬ģҸӿǳҪ
Ҫ֪ƽʱ߻иҵֻһ˵ĳȴǲô֣Ͼ̫ˡ
Ҳһ۳׳ô󣬲
ͲЩӮǮ·Ҫ֪Щ֮ԻΪͽǾΪ̰Ƕĵ·ϣӮø࣬ǽһֱƵλ
ÿ˶ÿһ˵ȴȫȻͬ
̺ܿͻˣܹų˵Բ٣ֻõǧ򡣡
ʵϣҲǾʦԴռʽˣ⻹໢ｫԼ̸ѺȥģҪȻһ໢ոпܻôʽ𰡣
ЩɫջסˣֻǿЩ˵ǮǾˣʣµļ
á
ҸӺʹĴӦˣֻǿųȴô˷ܡ
طƹڳ˱죬ǸӼϸ۲Ļǻ̴ֵᷢ˿мֳ顣
ʼɣֻһǧ򣬵ǳȴǸоࡣ
ƻ鷢Ǵ˿ȴǸоһֲͬƣҪһ㡣
ƷûпԼϵƣǾĿҸӡ

ɽֱ˦Ƴˣžţһı
ҿˬҲ˱
Ҳ̲סˣŰˣطĹͬһطĻǱӵġ
ʲôJ
ɽĸЦһˤСǶɫˣǿ֪һѻĶҵˣһӾûһڶࡣ
ȴǺƽĿ˵ҿһƿѮѾơģȴһʤһ㡣

˶̲סˡ
ˣϴ󲻻Ǳɵ˰ɣ
ҿһһڶ࣬һӸô찡
ߣǲǳǧ˰ôÿһѶġ
ЩСȴڿʼطĹƽˣĻȴһ֣˲Щ˲ҿ
ù̡ܽȴûΪֶ߶С
ǺǣҳݣˣǻȥȰɣѾȲˣҲװףֱӽԼƸˡ
˶ɵˡ

ôܣǳǧˡ
ôܻôİ
Ҹô޷ܣոԼ߻ʤģôһӾͱʮ˲ˡ

ЩСܶЦˣǶû뵽ῴĴϮ˲õ顣
KȻ˵ۡ
طծİɣ
ʵĿľҪŪң֪飬ǿ֮ݲġ
ȻĶծû˿ߵˣҪȡٷ֮ʮ
鿴ų˵ղҪһѣȴǲϾһȥˣ
ǧ֪ˣںϻǡ
ָŭΪʲôˣطǮĵطǡ
˵ĻҪ𡣡ɫһطĿ·½˺üȣղǶΪֽˣʵȴûУɲôɵûкô飬˭ȥͳҲ׷ǹʡ
˿ȴѾʧϣھôǮô죬ԽԽǱֱӳˡ
ֱ쵰ģǶԷҹǲ
˵ʲôֱס˶ԷһȺСܶڷŹ

źֻط˵ĵطмʮףǺƺûá
ûгɾ͸аװƴģûʲôɾ͸УҪͷʱȥһӡ
˵⻰תȥˣ̵ǿǮˣʣµǮôŪǶ顣
̣ղŵݼҶûа취ҵ˼ˡ
ղųǱȫٳӣûк͵̹ͨǵȴǿԺչֳ
Ȼˡ
һҺԺģʵչֵôãǶʱϵĴͶһ
۸ûˮƽˣǶǵ谡˵ʲôҪúкЩһˡ
ʧ䣬ҲҲΪΪСɳйϵ
顭
ͻȻ洫˾޴ɧƺʲôˡ
Ѳˡ
󺰣˲仯ޣҪ֪طһ㲻оҵģȴͻȻ͵Ϯʲô
ߡ
뵽Լ˻ôǮҪǵʱ򱻾ˣǲǻ£ֻЩ̫ҫˣЩǮЩۺ졣
Ǳ߰ЩһﶼһǮҹȥ׷
Ҳ֪һ˺ģȴЩ޺޵Ļͷһۣ涼ѾǸ˸ʮ˴ˡ


45 ʹԶ
̫ˣſԿģһЩͷļһﺰģΪʱϵ޷
ߣǶȴǮȥΪǶϺ󣬽ǵıֺܲ۹͡
ȻǸһ˭Ҳ˷ʱ䣬֪Լ˴ЩǮۣҪǼȥĻֻǻᱻϣҪ֪ЩǶдյİ
ҪǷԽ࣬ǾԵõĶԽ࣬ǼǧҪǱץסֻ¾ǳ̼ôļЩ鷳
Ҳǳ¾죬ΪһĳϣԽЩ춼ŪˣҪȻûа취סǮϮҲǿɴС
Щʱ򣬾ǮƣҲû˸ҹȥ򾯲棬ҪڶͿ鵽˸ʲôо߲ôأȴҲǱ
ûа취ʱ򣬳ֻܹڱܷâģЩҲ֪ԼҪǸųĻǷۣһǾʦԤ·ˡ
ʦ飬ҲѾԤϣȻ˵©ҪȫˣȴҲжô鷳
׷ЩһǰˣʱֻҪץסһһĻһӵǮˡ
ʱ򣬳˸ղǴ󺰵һֱҪ鷳ˣҪһɤӣҲҪطϺ󣬼ȻҲԼ
űߣľ춼ڣطһЩڷҪȻĻҲᵼЩڶûпס档
֪ЩļһǶһЩӷˣҪȻƴģҪ֪Щ춼Ѿóǹеˡ
һЩǳ·ˣ˵һƬңΪǵֶΣھ͸뿪ǵģϾЩ˶Ѿϳˡ
ΪǵĲΪԣ˵ôûа취һղԼ˺úõģǸ˵ôһô˶ڿǣҪ˵ûĻôܵ顣
ԳЩˣЩƺҲ֪ڵǣǲֹûʲôģֱֱĳųˡ
һ̣ЩһﵽϲôԲеļһ˼ҸҸֶζ㣬һ֪˴˵ϸⲻ
˵ǵǺ񰡣ǮҲ֪ûԼҲŪǣһȴˣϾʱ鶼Щһˡ
˵㵹ˣûְҪֵĻǸߣطǽĵط
ǸͷŵĶԳսˣս飬û¹ֻоһЩϤһ
ôȻԷѾ˵ˣȥˣǸŹǶûа취ץסѾˣЩƵ϶ҲˣҪȻĻ͸ñ˸ˣôһطھ͵Ϯʱ򣬾Ȼûа취㶨ƵǼˡ
ǰĹ֮УǸͷŪһֻ֪ǶԷڽˣµǸͲ顣
ЩһҪΪͿŪԼĻĲеӶͽԼŪ˲֪ٴˡ
ֻһﴦһ棬ǸͷģĺЦͷ㵽˭ôоЩϤİ
˭ͷƺһ㣬ָų˵ҪĻڶѧУҪŪŮѧŪŮѧҪǱŮʦǱŮʦҵһжٵˣ㾹Ȼ˭
ô޷ǳ˺ΪʧȥԼһУֹź飬ǱɽĽ򶼽ݺݵһ٣»ֻҪټǾʹ
ųһҪóΪҵĥѾˣֻҪӣطкǿ˳֣ʱǲᶼѷɵˡ
һ⻰ôˣͻȻ뵽һһԶ죬һû˿ĵز
ȴôû뵽һôȤǱ˭İԼҪúøлǸһſˣͷˡ
ǶϻôʲôȷϵСӣԶǲ˵ģɵһ͸һҰҸ㣬ҪƭҵĻҸ
ԶҲףǼֵܶǸʲôģЩϵҲǿԺŪŶ㵽ʱҪǲµĻǸǻô˵ġ
ǺǣСӣһͶ̥ʱǼǵҪһ㣬ҪΪԼЩ¾ͿԺ޼ɣôү̵ô˰ɡ
˶ΧųˣǶȭڴǿԺ˵ÿһ˶һֶΣǿԼҪʰ׾ٵ顣
ƳһۣСɫΪʲô˳ˣ˭ֻ֪ԶСɫҡҡͷЩε˵ԼҪҲֲˣ˵鷳Ȼ֪ԷʲôˣҲרҵ𣿡
⻰мֵɻֻȴûͣԼĲһ׼Գȭˡ
Ҫ֪ѧϰôʱȭΪ׬Ǯôһᣬǲʲôã
ûпǳ֣ȭͷ쵽ŵʱָֻͼסһ˵󣬶󻹲Ǹ˷ӦֱӽǸһ˦һļһϡ
Ǹһֱһβ
һžͽԷ߳ʮףǸ˵ڵ²ʡѪֹ
ȤԶأҪǻû˵ĻҾҪмӹЧˣ㿴ǲԳư
һĳԶƽʱûһº󶼺ǺڵˣڶԷôöԷȥҪȻĻĶԲԼˡ
Ҫʲô㲻ҪҵЩ˶Ѿ·ˣҪǲʶȤĻҵʱŪ㡣
ԶҲû뵽ôֲϼֻһ˲䣬ͱˣǻɣЩһǲˮˣΪʲôЩһôһİ
ʵ֪ģЩһǴжı£սٸΧ£˼ҳһ˾Χˡ
ߣ˹û⣬ڻҵ顣
ֱӳԶǰץסԷĲӣ־̧һӾһɨȥԶɳʮף˵Ƚ˶վսģڿԶ³ôˡ
Ƕڴȳ֮Լˡ
Ҫ֪һˣ˼ҿ϶ͻὫǸĴ˵ģһһĶ
㣬Źġ
Զ쿴ųȴ˿⣬һԶ죬ˣ͸ñ˸ʰˣôļһҲлΪʦǲ첻
ǺǣҪбĻҿɲ㣬Ҫ֪˵ЩЩɱصˣ֪ǲҪĻֻҪˡҿ˧ôôԳƵģһ£Ұ㰡
˵ʱһԷ
ա
ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲߴ
ûлͷطֻҪӵǶ˵ǶûκεӰģһ仰ھԵǰֻܹǷֵһ±ʱѡ


46 һ֮
ס֡
һһͷһͷ˴󺰵˼ͷΪ֮Ǹ˵ǿ
ǿ֮ΪǿߣǲֹΪԼΪǶĸо
˿̵ĳһ㣬ֻԷʱȴѾжϳԷһǿˡ
ֻȴЩ棬طжˣ߾ԶҲ뵽ˣ
·ΪôһС飬һǿ߲׵սǿ߻ʮˣЩ˵Ϣ
ܳҪʰЩˣҲֻ˷һЩʱ飬ȴǲǿսϾЩǿߺ滹ûˣǶ
ôǿˣǺ涼һ壬أ
ܰʤ
췢˿ųɫص˵֪кǿвУҪûŪãֻԼЩ˻ûֱӶ֣ҪȻһַŪ
ȴЩɣڿǣԼǷó֣ҪһֵĻǾǲ֪˲ſԶԿˡ
Ҫ֪ϸͳʱǸʱ߻һƬսңĻ˶׷Ǩ㵽ǱߣǵصЩȴǺų⻪ˣǶøֶʰˡ
ûа취ˣһֱǽһѪ֮˵һʼԼΪΪ֯һںϣһ֯Ϊôһ֯ÿһ˶ԱʱЩҪԸǣȴûа취顣
ﻹڲϵ󣬼ǽصɨˣǵһͳˡ
Ǿÿһ˶Լڵ˻ڵʱ򣬻˶Žᣬһ˱֮ǾͿʼ˽ͣҲʼˣֹ޷ԼˣǱŷĹ۸ˡ
һЩʶ֮ʿ޷ܣ֪ȥͻ군ģʱʮﶼˡ
ľǰ֮ľǰһд£ʮͬѡҲʼȷһּˣ£˻
˵ڹΪѵļʮ棬ֹһЩܵİǹҵЩʲôģǶ﹩Ӧġ
˵һİɣһЩ˸оΣһЩ˸оôһĺܺá
ֻЩЩһﶼѾּˣֻһζȡѾһЩѬĵļһ֮£﷢չΪ˻˵جΣ˭޷ŵġ
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ǲô˵ȴȷȷʵʵЩرĸġ
ǰˣ̲ס˵㻹߰ɣһ˻ˮ˵ģҪʲôǮ֮ģĶսǶǮûãҪΪʲôĻطҲǺһжԹΪֹˡ
һĵĻǸ˵ȴǷŭĿųƺ֪ʲô
ʲôǵôֵܴӷƹʱ޷ĵǣΪǰµĳԵģǿˣҪұ壬𣿡
⻰óҲףһ֮ĹˣֻôԶ쵰ôģҪ֪֪Զ飬ǿ˵飬ֻҪ飬
޳ļһôһ
ԶڵҲûжˣ֪ԼôаĹĶЩˣֱʵʧȥʱŻףԼƺѾʧˡ
ͻȻ뵽һΪҵͰ鶼ã֮У·˼ؤһļһ⼸һҲĺܡ
ڣ룬ţģЩɷģʱ˶Ψֱ֮ǵʱҵֱӽԼеĶԷˣҪͷͲԼûа취üοЩ֮ÿ춼ЩԵǣ֪ʲôǼסˡ
ʱǻ˵һˣһҪΪϹļһһжȢһ񶾵Ů֮ıˡ
صб˸ĥ֮£ֻܹԼıŰ˼ҵϷй
һֱţҪΪİҪкܸǿգ˵һٶ׾ٵ飬֪ǲأ
飬ǻЩģΪʱ򣬶˽Ĳࡣ
Ǻǣ鶼ҥҪôµĻѾôһ̵ˡ
ʤȴ̲ס̾Ϣһ˥ܵûɵˣ֪Լôɵģֹǵ
ҲǣֻҲ֪Ϊʲô䵽ĵزҪ֪֮ǰǻ˵ĽأǶѾ˻˵Ķˡ
˵ʱ飬峺֪Щ鲻Ǽ˿ԽˣΪ飬ǳʡ
Ҳ֪һʲôƾ٣ȴǲΪȥƾ٣ԭµҽ֪Ƿ˵
ŶԷ˵ƽҪЩ׵ˣǾͲȥˡ
һֱ鶼ֻǽģ𣬴ûô֣֮ҪˣҲˡ
ԷҲ֪һ㣬̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ֪ЩǿˣȻĻһҪʤˣҲûʲô˵ģôô죬ܿܣ˭޷Ҫʤˣ͹ȥô
ʤҪʲô鶼Լûа취
˵޹Ҳ޹໢ֻдһעһһ˫֡
ĿԶһۣɲΪһʲô飬ͻŹġ
Ϊسɷ𰡣
ҪĻ֮ǰͲˡ
˭飬Ƕǿڵġ
á
ʤҲףʱѾõĽˣ˼Ҳ㹻ӵˡ
ҪǳҪߣǶûа취סʱ뿪֮ɵԶ죬Ƕ׾ٵ顣
ֻҶǹˣǶףʱҪǲ飬ֻºҶк顣
ʼɣ
Ǵŵ˵֪ˡ
ÿ
Щ˵ֻͻȻźʤЩ˵ͻȻһͷһҪ㣬֪Ƿأ
ʤ֪ʲô⣬Ǻܿ϶ĵͷ˵˵ɣطֻҪûлģǶ֪
Ҫ֪ǣΪʲôᷢչô찡
ڶһֱй鿴ŶԷֻҪ֪ˣǶɻ󣬺úõһɣȴôͶˣҪмֻ֣֮¶ѾΪʷˡ
飬Ҳ룬ֻЩ飬ȴ޷ġǵǰǺ󱲶һЩʦҪԺ֣Ƕǰӵ֮гģ˵ǻ˵𣿡


47 
ʤȴҲЩʹģ֪Щı׶ˣȴûа취Ͼ飬ǰûа취ԽģֻҪ˵ĵطǾͻν˽
Ϊʲô϶˵ЩҪǱ˸Ǳȥˣǵʱ㲻Ҫ鷳ˣ
ǲףϾôʤһﶼһ
ʲôİҺʤΪЩ飬ֱӴǱ߷ѳģط˵ǱǸ棬ȴΪһ֮У鶼ǹ䡣
ʤȴ̾ϢһȻҲ֪Щûа취ôģȴǲ֪˵ʲôϾô˵ԼһʧߣЩһ˶ѡ
һ䣬ȻǾ͵㵽ֹɡȴǺͶԷֻЩ飬ǸĻҪɲΪһЩеͺԣԸˡ
û⡣
ͺʤҪ㵽ֹˣǶ֪һսǲֵá
˶ۺƣ󳯶Էȥ
һаɨȸվһ綼Χɫ䡣
ʤҲǳصģշԽֻȭ壬һǿƳСȴȥ
ϸۿĻǻ֣ᷢȭͷ֮лһɫĹâ
Ǻǡ
˿ңһֱӺɨ죬ʤȭͷײ
顣
һνӴûκε˵ĿУȴըһ㡣
ԭؽ𼦶תȦһŵسշĺʤ׷ȥֱһϥǳʤͷײȥ·ҪԶԷһɱ˿ûе㵽ֹģ
Сġ
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Сİ
ʤЩˣǵЩĿźʤ˵ǶóղźʤںͳսĹ֮У˴
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ꡭ
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ЩĿźʤϥЩʹͷЩƫ룬ȴûжϣԭֱŤһΧ˶ë
һﻹĹݰ
ҪûпĻǸղŴֱӽϥǸˣȻһӾŤתһĲ˰
ʲôǶûпһڻŤϥǣҪ֪һ˶ҪһӣȴΪ˱սӲǼӿԼĻָ
ʤ˶ˣǶû뵽Լطôһˡ
໢ʱѵһȴû뵽ҾȻԵһ£ҪǼȥֻܾ˰ɣ
ʤų˵˵ǳȽϳԿˣʵϣ鲻ģҪ֪ղžôһ£ѾҵţⶫһطǲһģЩڿ棬Щڿ֨ѣЩڱӣЩƨɡ
Ǻǣ⿴ȴЩİɣǾһһʤҳȭͷ֪ô
Ȼ㶼ˣҲˣҲһɣ
ˬ졣
ԶԶĿŶԷͬʱһɣȫʱ̣ʤûпˣѾǰֱһȭؿڴȥ˲ʤɳʮס
ˡ
˵⻰ʱϥһֱӰڵˡ
ʤȴ鸴ӵĿųֿ˿Զ죬Ȼ˵鲻ܹаǷһΣ
ô꣬ԶôˣȴûҹһΣΨһһΣȴûа취סǺã
Ǻǣأҡ

˵ʱԶȴͻȻվЦֱӽĻˡ
ôܺЦ𣿡
ɫˡ
ЦʤҵѾˣҲǷʲôҾȡлˡ
ԶͻȻһһ㣬Ŀų˵Ҫһ˫ʲôѵİһѵ
𣿡
һ϶һѵֱӵԶǰЩҪһˣʲô
ʤҪ˵ʲôȴ֪ôˣӮѾˣҪʱ򻹳ĻֻԼԼ

Զ쿴ԼǰĵֻҧҧֱһɵԼֱ֣ӵ
ԶĲҽ̲סƤȴǲòϣԼСԶˣҶԼôݵˣǲټ
һӺһ㣬ȴò˵һĺݾŵǰʮ
Ҫ֪ЩˣǶѾ缶ĴڣǾһﶼԽǰʮ˵ô˲𰡣
֣˫ôҲǳʱˡ
һֱվԼ֡
ѪȪӿ
֪Լôݴ˿̵ĸоˣȴǸоԼĶڲ
ŵϵ˫֣̲סԶ˵һ䣺ʱ㱨𡣡Ƿ֮ǰˣ϶նɱһһԶԼôݣ֮ǰʲôԵʣڿǶ˲ˡ
𣿡Զڵϣųҡҡͷ˵ΪʲôҪҾȡĽҪǲôŵĻǽҲѾʧ̫ˡлˡ
ߡ
ʤȴѸٴԶˣǶ֪ʱа취ȣֻߵԶʱ򣬺ʤջһ仰ձضŰݷã֮£Ҳ
Ǻǡ
źʤıӰ̲סҡҡͷȻȤǱ˴Ѻõġ
ȴǲ֪ҪոʤˣǾҪбǿҪȻĻôˣǶϹġ
֪ĺϾѾ̫ˡ
ղҪǺʤıԶĻûа취ɵǸһҪ֪ԷôˣֻҪǻսʱԶֱ뿪κε˭
ֻ飬Ǳ˴˶ղˡ
Ȥļһֻǲ֪һأ
ЩҪ֪ʤԸˣȴûжʲôϾЩҪԼȥһµģԼǲһӾ֪ôġ
֨ѽ
ʱˣ֪ʲôˣʱǿ϶һ˵ġ
ܿͶֻǼ֮Ǹȴǳߺɣ֪طѾˣҪǲֵĻԺĵ۵ģԼİ
һŮ˵֪ԼʲôʱŮн˰
ȿȡ
Ӱ߳ЩĿǸŮ죬ҪûмǴԩ޳ɣΪʲôҪҰ
ҿ϶ԷһֱŹģֻղûҵطҪȻҲôһ
ߣôҵģǲҪԼøһɣôһһȻƭңϴε鲻˵һֵô˭԰ѹһȥɣ̹״ӿ
⻰óЦˣôˣûиıҪô׵ĻͲһ仰̹״ӿεܴϻؼҹˡ
Ů⵽ҪʲôʲôûҪǲŵĻ˰
ǵԼŮȴһŮ˵ʲôŮƺЩĺܡ


48 ҽ
ߣǶ˵ںһڶĲղʮ֮ǰһڼֱײǽɱˣ֪Ϣ֮ʲô밡
褵鶼Щƣһץжһֵģȴû뵽龹ȻӰ쵽Ǩ
һֱǾɱǷǵ飬ǶǵΣ϶Ѿʼһߵѹˡ
Ҫִ֪ۿǺҪģǶѾǱ
ҲûлȥΪǸʱһЩͽ֪һǺͳĲġ
ʱ»һǮߵģЩҲ֤ôһ㣬˵ǶԷ϶ͳкܴĹϵ
ʲôûֱ׷ΪƾֶǾֻҪˣЩһӾͻᷴתģʵվо޴Ĳࡣ
׷֮ȴǲ֪ȥһطˣһֱԼĴѰңջѭž죬طҵ˳
褵Ļȴ̲סЦˣ룬ôЩƵ·ˣ˭뵽һô
ת뵽һ
ǻ飬ӦǱɱ˵Ͼĵ̱˸ɨˣôҲҪ跴ҪȻԺ˭ȥط棬Ҫ֪ͽµľǰȫϲˣһΣǶʧܴġ
ˣҲɵɵȥ׷Ѱô࣬Щ֪̫ˣûʲôýֵģ鷳ȴɵɵȥ鷳
һӵĽֻܹɱֹǱϣǾǱ߶ϣġ
Ҫ鲻ɱĻһȥֻҪַˡ
ô̲࣬סͻȻЦ
Цʲô㻹û԰˾ΪɱģҪΪĻһ˶ֵġ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣ棬ֻǶĲѣﲻҪǱŪĻǼҶôġ
ֻĻȴóЩŭˣһӾͳ褵ߣһѽסļͦĮ˵ֻҪ㣬ĺáŮˣңǸ𣿡
ſҡ
æϥǸֱӳȥƺҪϵֻǳʲôˣôܻôױ㶨أ
˫һУ˳ֺƣ̰ɢ֪㣬ˮζ
˵ſңҪȻҺ㲻ݡ
褶ǲˬˣҪŪ
Ҫ֪ϴǱ飬̾˲٣˶Ц
ûа취˿ֻǺСһ飬ȴɴˣȴʲôûз֣˶Ϊ˲ˡ
ЩǺ˱ûеط˵ģһжΪԵʣصȥѯ˳ĵȻҲ֪һʲôˡ
˰ɣҾһ仰Ǻ𣿡
˫ʵֱӵ褾ȻЩҺˣ֪Լôˣָܿᶨ˵ߣôǺ˰ҿ˵ǵ֮ǰǵ֮Ҷ
⻰ǳȴǿЦҪһ仰ĺ˱׼ôİ
ȻǴҶͬˡ
褸оԼпܻһ֮Уʱȴǲ֪ô˵ҪǳڶؾصģֻҪߵˣǵһһ˵Ļ棬ֻʱģЩ޷ܡ
ŶͬİҪ㣬㽫ҴȥֿʲôأˣǺ飬ģģҶҪĺãҪЩֻ»ˡ
һ㲻׵鿴Լе褣Ҳ֪ԼҪʲôǹҪתƶԷע
Ҳòϵǣֱռ˼ҵıˣĺˬ
ȻˣҲԴ֮ǰ飬׹ʱһŮ˵ˣԲŻԼеŮˡ
һŮˣ֪ԼǳĶ֣ϵûʲôٶˣѯʵĸ𣿡Ĳ֪飬ҪȻĻҲἱҴҹˡ
ǺǣԼҪȥһ¾֪ˣǸоЩһĺõģ飬Ҳ˵ץסץסңǶûʲôΪͶҡ
ֱӵ˵褸оԼһ·˸ˣԷ˻飬ԼȻûа취ͽ棬ǶԼϵľĳȴҲ֪ʵЩûа취ġ
оԷĺЩ٣ԸоǺЩٵˣ뵽ŶԷ˵Ҫ㣬ҾͲôˣЩ飬벻ףͷۣףʹһûɣ
ߡ
褺ܲϳ˵Ļеʵȴˡ
ͻȻſûзӦʱֱˡ

Ҳû뵽ߵôͻȻȴǴǲģųʧķ󺰵˵һץסģһףɵǲƵġ

Զ褵̲סҡҡͷ鶼Һˣǲ֪ʲôӰ
Ҫǲ褽棬˽Ūǵʱ褶һˣǾ·һ
綼Ǻ͹ͬģҪԺʲôģЩѡ
صסĵطʱ򣬽ǱѾû˵ƹ⡣
ȻѾ˯ˡ
Щһˬ
̲סֹڶѾЩʧĸоˡ
㶨֮ҪȥСһ棬ϾЩøġ
ܷ޷ǻ
һѾǵڶľŵˡ
ҪȥϿΣǶļһ˵ȴǿп޵ġ
ȥѧУҲֻѡ
ȥҵʱѾ͵Ǳˣһ
һڿŵġ
һֱΪŮʦ߸˵ٶȣûжá
ҪΪʲôôһƯŮжٸ˵ӿģЩ˵۾תƵ𴦣ֻῴǸʵز
Ҳо˳ǳݺݵĵ˳һۣǳȴʲôӦûУˡ
ҲЩΣһﲻһѧһѧֶΣڳϣǶûõġ
ܿžͲ÷ˡ
ۿۡ
޴Ǳߴ˶ſڣһһ׾Ŷ˳ǱߣǸ˶ʶ
ŶʶΪǸ˱쾩ѧĴа֮һΰǿ

Ǹ˺ֱӵغ˿˼ŵɫЩѿվΰǿ˵ҪʲôڻϿʱ䡣
ǺǣʲôҪɣҲ
ΰǿ˵⻰Ҫˣΰǿ˵˵Ϊû˿ε𣿡
ŭľΰǿˣҪǱаٵĻǲǰһȴһɱﵡ
ߣб²Ҫмҳ㻤ʲôʱ򰡣ǳȥ֮Ҳǿսİ
ΰǿĻŶҪɵˣûмôɵļһҪ֮ô򶼲ҵ鰡
ںˣԼԺʲô飬Ƕҵˡ
Ҫ˵ΰǿԴˡ


49 ո
ΰǿֵڣûһԼҪʲôġ
Ҫ˵Ǹһ鷳ģҲҪһֱ棬Ҫʲôָҳȥɣ
˼ûôƲ
ҲһԼԭˣԼļһһ˵ǶֻǵȶԷԷһٵġ
˵Ĵа֮һΰǿҳʲô
˭֪ҪдʲôİɣҪ֪ΰǿʲôҪϲսʮʮս˵һʱȥˣֱȥЩʦдȥˡ
ôɣҪҪ֪ҵԴиͲҪʲôˡ
༶Щ˵ΰǿʱ֮жĽʺ֮ģûа취ļټ㹻ǿ󣬾˵˵ǸǶǱ˴١
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô˽ۣȴֱˣƺѾʼоΰǿȥˡ
̲ס²ˣЩһﲻһŮ˸Ż˰ɣ
ͷո£ΰǿȻˣһЩͷβľٶ˶޷
̲סһԼԴһʲôа취ƣԲȴûа취ơ
ҪûĻܽë
˶ףΰǿʲôġ
ʱܿȥһӾ͵磬ո߳༶ΰǿȴͻȻˡ
ҿ㲻һֱŰɣ
ǾȵĿΰǿ˵ô޷Լոճ֣һͿԳֵ顣
ˣΪһǿߣһ֪ʲôģһطΪķسɣ
ΰǿĻó̲סһǲԲ˰
ҪԲƬĻǳ϶޳͸һＸƿġ
ڵģ۸ʿĺ˸УȴǲòΪ㵲סҵ·ˡ
׳ˣΰǿûзӦѾڵˣϸ˳ʮȭ
ûκεˣȴΰǿڵʹ޵š
ԺңԲС¹Ӧһ仰ˣ֪һôôġ
ΧЩȴһݵĿųţʿ
ææܵǱߣ˺ü飬һ俴ŶӵСɣɿߵ˵ʱ𣿡
˿Сǰ滹˾͵ˣ߻һŮһġ
СҲû뵽ģߵЩŮζЦЦָԼָǴڣ˼Լһ˾Ϳˡ
ȴǼʵûʱ䣿
ССڲŷӦҪûʱ䶼Ҫʲô鶼ûУһԷһٲҲ
ߣǳȥһЩﲻѧУ˵ֱӴСɳȥˣСȴʲô֪ڼˣȻҪһȥԷˣҵĴ
ҪǳϲԣСɶҪظˣϾǸ˵ĲãÿһŮаӵΡ
޷Էϲʲô״̬Է˾ͺãҪֹ۵ļһ
ȥܼҵķݣĵطȥ𣬶ΪСɲڣҪЩݽŮˣȥԽĵطԼãСȴǲͬԸᡣ
һϢҪ㣬ɲܹôŶ
ոͿС˵Сɵ࣬ȴڻţǲǳҪұװԣӦòǣļһôܻõԷĳ谮أ
Сɵ޵YYûа취ϾѾСĳΪʹһĴˡ
ҪϢʱҪͦס
˵⻰СɵҲŽʵ֪ʲôˣ
һڶɱˡ
۰һĺðĺãӦˣֻΪʲôҪôٰҪһ㣬ð
ո˵һ仰СȴһͻȻЦЦȴͻȻ޳ˡ
֪⻰ֻоСûԣ֪ռҺЩһľ׵ĻǾֻҲ󺰵ĺá鲻ͬĽǶȣǵõĽǲͬġ
绹ڷ͵ЩۣӵǺ˭Ⱥһ㣬ǵѭų˵ȥʱŷ֣˵һĺʲô˼ˡ
Ҫݲʺϣֻ¶˵ĺõˡ
ΪǮ˰һֱıȽˣǻһ顣
§СɣôܷЩɵ۵ĿһĻطһЩԷˣǶûߣǿˡ
֮СɲŻָųǺߵ˵˼ҸոЩ
Լʲôܻӡ󣬵ȴǲ֪ΪʵˣԵ±Թˣȴ࣬СһӱҸҪ˵С˼ҳ飬ĵģҪԶôһŮˡ
û£֪ʱҶֱһĺá
СΪʲô֪Сɵ鲻Ҫ˵ص㣬С˵ǿ̩ɽǶ˵ȴǾ֮͡
Ҫһ飬ǳԵĶ˵ȳԶɣȥ㸸׵Ҳе취Ҳ˵Ŷ
⵹ſڿӵģΪ֮ǰҲӴСɸˣҲһ˻ָֻ֪Сɸ׵ǷҲлָ

Ҫ˵С֪Ǹɥȥˣһ޷˵ϲõĻ֪Լĸ׿лѹȴֱӱϲøˣ˲ʹȥˡ
ҿ
֪Լô˵ˣЩˣʱҲף˼һӽӴôľϲǺпܾͻᵼˡ
ΧЩ˶ŵˣǶˣСɾһ㣬˶˵һЩȽ˽ܵ顣
˶̲סˣҪɣڻľôԵˡ
æһСɵУ֮С˵ҪżҶط𣿴ȥҿ԰ɣ
úãллѹСȴæлˣȴ̲סпһﻹôʵ
˵㶫ֱ֮ӳСɼȥˣܲǵһСɵļ棬ǳȴ̲סп֣طĻӡ
ó˶˵ӵĵطɴ˿ԸоطжôĲˡ
ϸ˼ĻȴҲȻˣСɼ涼׸ϿˣеطסǶѾǲˡ
ˣСʵڻȥȣҪǻа취ȵĻҲԼֶΡ
СֱӴų߽һƵķ䣬ȻʲôطȥطζЩˣֲĴڣǲǸŪͨĵطôСɼҷеģ
Сƺ˳˼̾ϢҺ˶Ҫȥ£һгӴˣǶڣҰְֲᶯҲû֪ǳҧˣҺǳӲҪ
СɵĻóоΣҪǮˣȻʲô鶼ðˣǾСˣǿʲô
ˣƽʱ°ƣչǸɴʲôȡ
òǰТӣôǶŪĽƣҪСڣСɵĸֻ¶ѾɱˣϾЩסˡ
һжȥġҲֻôһ仰ˣȥ˿Сɸ׵Сɸ׵ϵһ±Ѩ
ۡ


50 ˼
ͻȻСɸ׵ĶһƨˣСȴϲ֪Լĸ׶֪ûˡ
ǣ
Сɸ˵ĿųʵҪ֪ʲô˵ǿҪ顣
һô⣬ܻлָҪȥ׼һЩʱٴ
ʲôûдûа취ⲻûа취飬ֻȴҪȫһá

С⻰ȴǲ˵Ŀ޳ˣԼͣԼ˳Ǽȴôûа취ѹס
𣿡
СɵСѾûа취ٳܴˣҪ֪ǼҾΪػ˽ٴΣʲôùˣÿһζʧ顣
ȻˣˣõĶԼģ㸸ͷĺˡ
Ҳ֪СɵļͥеĶˣСȴǷҡҡͷ˵ôԣҰְβҶмˣôǮʲôġ
ʲôԵİҲѾѾɱ֮ɱΪңܿЩͻ֪ͨȥȡ⳥ˣʱߵͻˡ
뽫˵ģСɶˣҪǲ˵ǵʱ˭֪Сɻ᲻ᱻ˸ƭ˰
ҲС飬Ͳʲôġ

СͣҲֹסĵѾôö˶˵Ļɱˣڳ⻰˵֪ԼǷ˼ҳĶ飬һӶûа취ˡ
ҡ㡭
СҲ֪Լ˵ʲôˣԵЩ״εġ
ΨмȿݣҪǿԵĻԸԳȴҲ֪ԼҪˣֻ
Ҫǳ֪飬źǸʲôҪ;Ұɣ
˿Сȴǳϵļǿų˵ҰְǷԺ㶼һӵĶˡ
˿ȴѾһǾԼҪŬʱһΪˣҪϲԼΪҲϧ
ʿΪ֪кʤһ֮СҲһ֮ˣ֪ԼǷµծѾ޷ŻѡֶΡ
ʲôû˵Ҫ׵ǫʲôҲҪиݵİ
ڿ˵ľǣҽ˵˵ҪҶֵĻֿܻмַա
ףʱ򲻹ǷɹʲôģԹ㣬龡ͿԣҲ
СҲ֪Լ׵ҪǻţοĸŮĸŮûбˡ
Ҫ֪ôһֱţܱ˴˶ûʲôԹʲôģϾԼˡ
ǵȴϣѹʹķպܴ󶼺ãпܵ飬ǶҪԣҲڸոտʼʱ򣬱νƫƭ˺ܶΡ
ãˡ
ȻҪƣǳȻҪԼ״̬ãҪԼҪĶ׼á
õģ㡣
СɺǸмĿųüΣĻﶼѿڶˣԼҲس
ҪǳҪȻ裬ҪǳҪĬĬ顣
ֱӻȥˣȽԼ״̬ãȥҩˡ
ֻģЩǱزٵģСɸô궼ûгʲô̫ĶǿԿСɸһֱܵܺõչˡ
ҹĻ١
ԼСɵļ档
ۿۡ
һγŵģһƬطֳдһĵطһ·ϣǶǿӿݣҺû꣬ҪȻ鷳ˣЩ·ġ
ˡ
÷洫֮дźǼеƺЩȲģ
̣ǳ֪Сɺ˵ûа
Ҳ֪СǷ˵ҽˣĻ÷ĸ￴ŮһмָммְԹĿųȴһڳǰˡ
ʲô
Ҳû뵽ԷͻȻ飬æȥҪ֪СɿɲΪʲôģ˼һŪǹʩͼģоǲˬģ
㣬ֻܹ˵лĿ׵ЩҲ˵ףѩ̿ѣԺϣСɺúõġ
÷ų˵⻰ΨԼ֪ʲô˼ˡ
Ĳ֪ôԼĸмô꣬侮ʯ˶ǣѩ̿ȴδм
˵Ǳˣ˵Сɣ㹻ͷˡ
֪÷֮ôһǾΪСΪĳһ飬егˡ
ܸ÷뷴ԣСɼ֮УջûзԳɹȴҲ֪ԼŮʲôˡ
÷֪ǶԣǴǾô飬Ѿ׵񿴴һˣ׵յĽأ
ûиκεĻرоǶ⣬ЩûˣЩɷֵܵ˲ˣ飬ǶǾٲά裬˹ѣﰵﶼڰʾҪ׳Լӡ
ҪɣСɵɫŴ÷ģֻô¼尾ֱø÷ϵЩ͵ģ˵ϵĿˡ
Щ飬÷Ѿ͸ˣʱ룬ԼҪֱӳˣԻȡŮҸ뵽˻ڴϵɷԥˡ
֪ԼЩЩȴǲһһԺҲûлͷˡ
ֻǣԼŮ˼վֻǿ⣬ȴ޷ܡ
֪Լ뿪֮󣬸÷С֮ᷢô飬֪÷һ仰и˼
Ҳ½ʱЩţŶԷ˵̣ȽȥɣУǷҲǴڵģ֪ô
㾡ܷȥҪ㲻ĵĻҸ¼Ȼôһеġ
÷Ҳ֪ʲôȻİȥ˵ˡ
û⣬Ƚȥɣȳոȥˡ
ˡ˿Сȴһ˵ģҲ֪Ǹո˶Ǻʲôġ
˵ͷԼĶں˵ЩֱӰˮٹػ𡣡
ֱӽҩСˣЩԼڵҩá
ãҪʲôСɿųʵЩС
ʲôˣҲֻԿ˭˵ٷְǺúõġ
ҲҴԼжı£ֱһ־Ϳֲѣǿӻˡ
áСɺ͸÷ڿųѾϵǵһ


51 
óռҵ˺ϸģСɵĸѾȫϴˣϻΪ˯ڴ϶Ķ˵ЩζѾûˡ
ʣµľͽңǽҩ֮˹ͿˡϰߣҪȻǻƵġ
á
÷С˶˵ͷǶϣԳɹ
Ҫ֪Ƕ֪ûйһ˵ĻЦˣÿһΣǶβһһʱ̡
óһ룬Щ붼˸ź⣬ÿһĳȶʮҡ
ʼΪոʩˡ
ȣµѨѨ̫һѨЩȽϲΪ֪Ѩ
֮ѨȻ˵ǧǧ򣬵Ҫ˽ˣȴûжٵġ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻǵָ䣬ոϾмʮˡ
ۿۡСŵС¾Ŷ˳
ʱΪո룬ϾһϻҪĵط
ЩҩѾŪˡСҩˣЩĵĿԼĸףôȴǲʣԼѹˡ
ͿˣȳȥɣҪΪҩϾЩҪġ
õġ
Сֱӳȥˣ˫ֿʼЩγ֮У˫ֽǻӰһĴڡ
ѪûоţѸٵЩҩͿĨ棬㼲һֱӳֱ֣ӽЩԭλá
붼Ūֽ֮γ˷ʮΣϵ·Ѿʪˡ
棬Сɺ͸÷սľĳ濴ȥûκεĶǵȴǸӵˡ
˵𣿡÷ǵĵʵСȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪
ĴôҪ֪ˣעµģʱߵŮ˲֪ж١
÷ǲϣСߵһȴ֪ԼŮԼһѵľǿҪȻĻҲĺԼһģˡ
֪ҪעµˣȴҪվ󣬵ǸŮˡ
Сһֱǵһ仰ÿһɹһŮˣܳ߿ܻŮˣȴҪΪҫ۵һԼȱŮ˲
ûбŮôõĳȴţԼڳߣԱЩõ˸ӵá

÷֪ԼǶٴ̾ϢˣĺǲԸԼôŮǿϧǣһжˣԼŰɣҿԸֻҪ֧ˡ
ڼͥûгֱ֮ǰǸ÷϶ƴģôȥˣҲѾѧῴ顣
裬лл
СɺǸм˵֪ԼԺԼĸҲܴܺѹġ
ʲôллİ˭ֻôһߵˡ
÷һ뵽ԼЩˣĶԼͶ·ʱûЩѩ̿ˣһ޳ܵļһ˶Ȱļޣ䳰ȷ
һжȥˡ
СҲ뵽˹ȥ飬ȴǿǰ֪Լδǰ
˶Ĭˣ˶ЩܣȴǱҪš
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬ڴˡ
ôˣ
ųƣ飬СæԼ·ȥԷĨ
Ҳ
չ¶Цݣû뵽һεô˳Ҫôõ
Ļ˶ˣȻǷĳȥˡ
ء
ʱոȴѾѹֻô궼ûжûһ˵Ҳܹ˵ôֻܹ˫۽л
ɫ
÷ոóЩ㵣Ҳˣ뵽ԷϣʲôȥǶǲˡ
ôˣСͻȻ뵽ղƣ飬Ūʲô˰ɣ
û顣ƽĵͷˣɫ˵ڵǴڸոջָ״̬ʱҪ߶֮Ϳָˡ
Сû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼôָ˷ܵ˵лл
˵˲Ҫˣǰϴһ£ЩҩѾûˣ飬ҲҪʲôĶָ֮ٸԵ㼦ʲôġ
֪˶ǻʼҳԣոֱ硣
á
ǶڳĻʮֵŵġ
ˡ
൱ҪȥϢ
ãȥ
Сɿų˵Ҫͳؼҵˣ뵽Լĸ׸ոѣԼĸһûа취չ˹ֻ¥ˡ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ˣúչ㸸װɣˣҪȻҲ鷳ʲôֱӸ绰ҾͿˡ
֪ˡ
Сɺ˵
ȴûͣԼĽŲɿĳȥˡ
صԼĹԢ̱֮ڴϵġ
֪Լôˣ·ʱǽŲ鸡ġ
ʱ֮ûбֳǶΪСɿѡ
ˡ
ڴʱ˰ˡ
̧ƣ߹ȥèۿǽ£ŷĵĿˡ
ֻǣڿ֮һ˶ˣѹʱѾǰˡ
ſĴ˯ĺȦǺƺǺü춼û˯һ㡣
ѹˡ
һ¾ѹˡ
˯˶ʱˣ
оԼ˯˲һˣϵ·ȴǸô¡
֪˭··ζȴǻܰȻŮϴġ
ʲô˰ô찡ʱҪĻֻطû֪Ѿҵ˽ҽ㿴ˣû顣
±Ҫ͵ҽԺȥģ뵽ҽԺǸطȫ˭֪жٵڿҪǵʱҽԺ˸ºˣǳûеطȥ
ллˣҲˣȻȥϢɣѾָˡ
Ž˵һԼҲˣЩҪǷֳĻǵʱɫѹҲģΪ˸ʱ䣬ֱһһԸ㶨ˣǲŻ
ãҲûʲô飬⼸춼˯ĺܶࡣ
ôܻȥ˯أ
Ҫ֪Ѿܶûкͳһˣ֪ԼΪʲôôͳһҲǰɣ
ŶĵӦһģڽһʱûзʱ򣬳һѽס˵Ȼ㲻ϵĻһ˯
Ȼڻ棬ǳȴûһ˼Ϊ֪ǰɵŮ˿϶Ǻüû˯ŵˡ
ҪˡµķӦܴ󣬵ǳȴôֵˣҪҲҪſһ˯ɣҵδޡ
ʱ򣬳ȴ˹ȥ顣
һ㶣漴ĬȻˡ
˾ţӣ¾˯ˡ
Ǹоܰ


52 ܵĹϵ
Сʱ֮󣬽²ѹôСʱ֮Уһֱûб仯ơ

²ŷӦԼڳĻ棬ŻôһƵĳʵôһֱƵİ
ⲻһӱûģˣȥԶɣҶЩˡ
Ž˵Ķˣô춼ûв䡣
ȻˣҲûа취ڶлԱΪʲôҪ
ãҪϴһ£ҪȻȥһЩи㵽ˣԺҶ鷳
¶ЩԼǵͷˣҪȻĻԼҲԺͱŮԼˡ
ãҵ㡣
˵ͷȴͻȻŽ³߳ȥˡ
ʲô
Щţ˭֪ĹԢûڿŰ
ȻǱˣһﲻҪ£ˣطĹأ
ǼǵǸԼЩ˼ŮˣҲôҪǸŮ˼档
һˣһæˣطô죬ǶѾʮֺˡ
˵ԼĹۣĸӣǲҪ˵ġ
Ŷ
ķӦȴǺƽ鶼ûйϵ
±ţŴţ֮½ȥˢϴȴǲſԼ·
˵Լ·ʲô˵Լĵ׿㶼Ѿˣ״̬֪ǸŮӦþǽµˡ
û֪ǳȴЩжġ
֪Ůһֱǵ춹ģһôǸǶѵõ鰡
ͻȻԼô죬Ƿʲô˰
æȥԼֻ󵹻ֻѾΪûеػˣطһͲȥˣֻˡ
ҿ
ڿ֮󣬳һôû뵽Ȼмٸδӵ绰
ľСˣǸ绰ոջСʱ֮ŴģԼ˽ˣоǳ̻͵ˣļİ绰룬֪˭ģҲûˡ
ʲô𣿡
κЩѾʱˡ
ŶʲôֱӸ绰ҾˣǰΪĹ˯ˡ
õġ
Ǹȥһ绰֪Щ鶼ѾˣҲûж˵ʲôֱӸ̻һ绰֪Է϶ʲôģͷӣʲô飿
ڽӵ绰ˣҪȥǱ߿㻹ţҶΪ㱻˸ɵˣһôﰡ
̻ǶԳĳƺûʲôӦģϾҲȵһְ
Ҳİһһһ£˭֪һȻѾ;ƿݵĵزҪϢ˺ü죬ֻڶ֪ʲô
ֱӵ˵ǲʲôĻ̻ǱȴһʲôˣҪҪȥҽԺ
̻֮ǰһֱ³ʲôģԾûȥӳҪȻҲᵽڶ֪ʱȥֻ֪˯黹ǲ֪ġ
ֽ֮ŵȴóĺů
û飬ѾָˡƽֻԼ֪ԼʲôоͻȻ뵽̻Ե޹ʸ绰ģʲô𣿡
ЩҪԸպʱǱ߱ǣڳЩһ
̻Ҳôù֮ǰûвΪǸ黹ûзͣڶѾˡ
ʲôˣҪҪҰæҲ֪ԼʲôˣоԼǶԳ̼ЩˣҪ˵̻飬Ŀ϶ʮֵĲŻôҪ
û飬ֻǼСëѣҴ֮Ǿͺõˡ
̻ȴǲ뽫ǸǣҲ֪ĵ˺ǿ󣬶ЩһǴӹģһ˭֪᲻ͳĵ̫йϵ
⻰ǲҵʵˣ̻ĻóǲҲΪǷţֻǲ̻ô⡣
Ժͻ׵ˣڱŮʲôá
̻Ļ˵ķϣǾǲκϽȥҲ˵ˣЩ˼Ҳ˵ԼҲ֪õġ
æˡ
ֱ̻ӽ绰ҵˡ
ֱӸһ绰Сɣǵ绰һӾͱˣҲֱ˵ʲô𣿡
ûɣ
СһӾʹС෴ǣ䣬ĵ绰Ҫû˼С˵ô࣬ûУһֱܺãֻˣŪ
Ŷ㣬ҰְѾˣлл㡣
СҲ˳֮еæµУҲǳ˵ֱӵ˵ûȹˡ
á
СӦһ֮󣬳ֱӹҵ绰ˡ
ֱӸմһ绰
ιҡȽᣬҲ֪ԼΪʲôĸı䡣
Сôˣô춼ͨĵ绰İҪСİ˵˻ԸǼˣ㻹ǹһסʱҲһӦ
յЩУǹĵĻＸѿڶ
Ҳмֵů֪Щ˶ǹĵĶǸѾڵĳΪʲôҪƽô࣬ڲǸ
ãҹٻȥ𣿡
һεûпʲôó̻ô˵飬ֻܹ˵Ѿ㹻أȥǱȻģȴǻûʶжôأ졣
Ϊû׼øôԳսã֪ԼĳһദҪ˵ûЦ˶ǴŮ£ɲұ֤Լһ¶
ãڼҵ㡣
ֻǳȴû뵽Լ˵˻ȥ֮ǳյȴǸ˵Ĳ֪ʲôһ
չ˺Լ߻һЩ顣
Ҳ֪ü˵ʲôˣѡҵ绰ƺЩᣬȴûĬĬ˵
Ҳ֪ɺϻʲôոմ绰¾ʹ߳ˡ
˿̽´һȹɢഺϢĶһ󲨶һƯŮˡ
¶Ѿ㹻ƯģǴ˿̵ĳˮܽظƯȻĶ
ǻһճյĿŽ£ǽ¿϶ѵģǳȴýϲʤ
ô
»Ц绨ԭתһȦһϵζɢˣǲ޹²ζȴζ
޷ֱ棬ԡ¶ζ˵ˡ
һƯͬ߳Ů
ŽЦЦݺϣȴýµĶڴֻŮ˶ǿķǵľӶ࣬Ҳ⣬˵컬࣬Ҳ֪ԶٸŮ˵⻰أ
ϡԼĿڣĵ˵ĶȻûԸţ˵Ҹôĺð
¿ų֣̲סЦ˵ˣ֪һ˿ĵˣԣÿһŮĵ
ɲԣҿɲˡ
˵ĺȴ̲סֹҵﰡЩŮ˻Լ˵ʲôʲô֪һ⻹
ˣ߰ɣ
һīһɰ崺С֮Ϳʼֱӱųı׼ˡ
һʱ䣬Щ޷ܡ
ʲôʱԼĹϵô˰
ⲻ˲ſе


53 ԰
ֱܵǵĶ̲סɧ
ߣȻҲо˳ӿ죬һ˿Цݣ漴һĿųʵһпǴЩҵʿǱѧġ
һ㶣ͬСһͷ˵ߡ
顭

˿̶Щֲ嶫ϱˣֱӳǽײȥˣ¿һĻŶЦˡ
ȻôɵײǽˣֻŪѡ
Ů
ȻҪŪˡ
ڶԷԼʱʩչһЩСֶΣǿԲúһЦкβأ
ⲻʹ˵ϣҵֿʹˡ
ߡ
±жǳϷģôܿϷ
˼ҶôˣԼȻҪˣⲻæų˵ϣǰôôСĵģʹҰ¡
㡭øģ˳ϲңҪұС椵ԻˣΪһ𣿡
һ˵⻰զ֮˵ģǱŷ޽µƯ
ˣˣƤˣ߰ɣ
ֿ;Цˣ˸̲סԭתһȦһ赸
㲻αװһ𣿡
˿̵Ľ´һ˫ƽЬģ׾ͱ˸ϳԳôһ˵
αװˣϳˣҲţҰǺǡ
Ц߹ȥֱŽµָȥˡ

ͻȻΪȴɵˣˣˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ԼԳһкøУ֪ԼĹ۶Գ˼ʱ̲סκˡ
ԼԳҲЩС˼ԼоĵҪȻһŮôܻôҪ·
Ҳ׽µ˼Դѹڣֻδ˭·ϾЩʳεġ
ҲûдҪǱ˸ȥ·ˣֻ³ϽֶҪЩ˿׷
ûлعĽ£ȴѾ˽ϡ
ˡ
ϸĵΪ´򿪸ʻĳţ˵ԼһӶûжٴΪŮ˴򿪳ţǽȴǹΪһŮôĴ򿪳ˡ
ʲôʱôʿ˰
ϹҸЦݣֻϻðó̲סǻĻ
ʲôʱ򰡣ͻȻ뵽ԼǲǸõϷһС椣ҪȻСΪȨɲȨᣬҷ°֮󡣡
ߣգһ·Ĵү㻻ġ
û뵽⻵˻˵⻰ӳѹڣǵĳû뵽ȻҲǳصģתۼðôһ仰ˡ
ɫЩŹ֣̲סðһ仰Ǵүһİɣ
ȴȫˣܴҶˣͬ⣬⻰һ㶼ûд뵽Լ°׳ү֮뵽Լ·ү֮һ˵ð

¿ųҪһ飬̲ס˵Ҿǲ㡣˵⻰ֱӳȥˡ
ȴæܵһͷɲĵһ䣺Ǵүɣ
ԴʱǸôܻ֪Թȥ˰һŮôϰ㻻·ֲν¡
̲סһδŮӼҼұƤȽۣټǿ۵İ
ֱ˳⡣
µķӦŻȻԼ˯ɵ˰

̲סɵЦǳһ̵Ŀˡ
⹫Ԣһ¥棬۾ڿŵĻǵĻĻǳͽµģ˿̽´īֻܹǿϸ߰˷ֶѣǶ˵ȴ㹻ˡ
ֻҪһ֣ǶԽĸ˵ɻģ߰˷֣ǻǿԳ졣
°£û뵽ô崿һŮȻСŮҵ̬Ϲ˵ҪǽЩ־ĻǻǶô𺳵鰡ֻЩ˿Ҫˡ
һཱུ˵ߵһݵˡ
ֻҪվǶ޷ϵɧʡ
Ǳǹҵ˫ֵܡ
Ž󹷣ǱѾ˸ˣСŽСɹЩĺӶ֣
ô˵ҲһŮ𣿲ⶫôҲҪˣҪżȥ˵ŪǿĶأҪǹԢûа취ȥֻѾҵӾϢˡ
һ϶˵Ǽĺã·ѾʱΪԽ׳Լһ㣬ֻ˵ʱź·ûа취㵽ӾĶ˵Īź
á
˶Ź߾ͳȥˣֻ˳ȥ֮ˮ·װ˳ǹԢ߽ȥˡ
ȥһطԷڵ˵ϤҲ֪ϲʲô
ȥ԰ɣǸطĲ˱ȽϺóԡ
ҲЩˣȥǵطһΣȻ˹Ҫ룬ǶʹȴҪٳһΡ
á
ǲ֪ʲôֱӿǱȥ
԰ڵΪıȺɽҰԱߣ԰ռĶǰĺܡ
ǵһε԰طʱ̲סˣЩ죬ǵطȴԵô
ߴʮ׾޴̻Ի¥ƣԵøׯϡ
һ·ȥԼСϪˮǳǳ̲סһ̽ǧ죬Ŀͦδֱߣ̲ס뵽ľ񣬸ıС¥һʹǰţ㹻Ŀռ䷽̸£С¥ǰһͥԺС¥ǰǼͤÿͲ͡
ʹȥ಻ͬĵطǳòϣطԼɫ
طĺǲٿĺܡ
̲ס̾ȴȻһЦ˵⻹ֻǿʼҪҵŶ
û⡣
붼û˵طǸߣôģԼҲС֮ˣûа취쵽ĻֻҪ˸Цˡ
ãҽҪԸˣҪ֪طĲĺܺó԰
Ҳֻڳǰ²Ż¶ôһˡ
óԾͶһ㡣
ͽ³С¥ȥ˿涼ǴС¥ľȻʡ
Ȼˣһῴ˵ɲܹ˰
ǸԤˣ˵ǶĿɿڴҪ˵ˡ
ڽ棬ȻǸҴ٣һӳôǮֻЩΪ̰ɣ
ܶʱЩطһ٣Ͼһپǰжٸõİ
ǽĸȺ壬ǶЩʹǿԼǮӣûкͼùǮˡ
Щ죬ô˵Ǯ鰡
Ůʿ֪Ե𣿡
һֱվһԵŮԱ˵һ׺ɫۣϵױǡôǷĻǲ֪ҪլЌ˿Ůˡ
ȴֻһΪķԱ

˵ͷŽ˵ϲʲôǾ;ܳԣ˱ûУھֻʣǮˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬳ȴǰʮ㣬һԲĬĬĽǱм۸ĲƸݹȥ
ڿǲƵʱ۾Ҫɳˣһ˶ҪʮԵɽ亣ζ


54 ɫ
ô᲻ãµ۾ЦĺһóͷƤ飬ҿ϶һһǹģҺг̻ļҪȻĻǽ컹Ƕ˶ңֻΪʲôôĹط
ôᣬֻڤ˼ʲôʺ㡣Ц˵·ղһ۵ļһﲻ
ŶǵǺüˣҲģ㿴ǰˣ
ЦĺǿģȴǺëҪֱӽǮɵ
һˣǰǳһ֮УΪ飬֮ǰʱƴƴҲΪһˣ
ȻҿԼЦʲôģķԱ˵ѾǲˣҪ֪֮ǰΪһˣֱӷˡ
ط˵Ůֵĵط֮һҪû㹻ʱˣ򲻸طװƵġ
ģһʧˢǣ
ǷԱϷһһPOS׼ֱˢǽȴֹ̽˵Żݿҵģۡ
´ͷβûҪó򵥣ǮĻ˵ĸҲˡ
ݳѣ˭ģԽ¶ԼԼ
ˣǮеġ
ֻǽȴǲ˵жǿĺǿˣǼҪԼˢ
ǸԱǺ˳ӵóˢ漴۾Щرǿڡ
ϲѸٵ㡣
Ҳ뵽һ֣ȻӮֶ֣ĲǸǵġ
֪ʲôŪǮģǮȴʵʵڵ˻˲á
ǣԵȡ
ǸԱ仯ĺԣϾֶһڶڿϵˣұȫûжٸ
˵ͷŽ£ýЩ飺ôˣ
ûʲôֻЩ棬һҪԶٴΣûа취𣿡ͻȻðôһ仰ȴҡҡͷ˵һ궼Σ⻹˼ġ
Ŷ뵽ԷſֻҲطҪеģͻȻʵ˭ĵ̣
⻹Ĳ֪طܺأû֪˭⿨ҲģֹңǵصһЩٶطĿֻ˻ԡ
¿ûκεı飬ĶЩڣҲ֪ԼǷˣЩЭ
û£ûôСȻóڵʲôҡҡͷЦطôֻҰĲСҪڳдչȭŵĻֻ³˲ͻսʱ
ÿһ˿طӽǲͬ˵Ļﲻͬ뵽Լĸ׶طǣҰġ
طôֲ𣿡һŮˣΪıȽϺãҲ֪ʲô顣
ǺǣطȻĿֲ̰˷ֻǳ顣оԼСУ˵Щɵĵɲ⣬˵طȥ⣬Щż֣Ҫ˵һٷ֣ȴδš
ðɣΪʲôͻȻ뵽⣬Ҫ֪Լ˵ﶼֱӷġ
Ǯ˵˵һСҪ˵Ҳ˵ԣǸô죿
⻰ýµǻϲһ䣺һҲЩ˵

ЦŽߵǴߣָԶǲ֪˹Ȼγɵĺ˵طǲ羰ֵ۸񡣡
С
¶ķ羰ǵǲô⣬ı˶١
ԶжӵȴЩͷۣǶû뵽ԼҪٵĿ꾹Ȼȥˡ
طа취ȥ𣿡󹷿СʵµľĵطıʩĲҪ˵жôܣǾҪɽȥ˼Ҷа취Ǹ
طҶûнֻȴ˵Ĳ˶Ǽʼģ֪ǲô¡
С̲סֹطӡֻǴڷ֮С
ȻҲãʱ֤ǽȥֱӱ󹷲ֶΣıУûУǶûа취֤ⴺʷһ£һĶͳˡ
ԴСͬҲ֪ҪСʱˡ
Ǳߣʱ̣ͻȻһ˴
£ո˵⿴㣬û뵽ǡ
һñȽ˧һͺ˷ܵ˵ֻǵºͳǣּ粢ĿһʱɫĿ£˵˭
ɫʱһﴳС飬ԼҪ֣ȴס֣߰һһĶһѸм
ǽʱɫȴǰδе࣬ΪоЩһһ׺֮ЩǾս˲ŻеģЩһξͿС
ֻܹ˵Щսģһ̴üëطģǸ˸ǸһΣյĸо
Ǹǵİĸܣղ£һǶⵥǶʾǸһַʽ飬¡
˸ûиǸ˵ľͻᣬֱӽ˸ˣǸǿų˵
һ㶣ط˵ⵥⵥ㹻
飬Ǹûа취˵˼ʲôҪ֪ǸһԼģٶҲܿ죬û˷Ӧʱ䡣
ȥɡ
ҲΪѶԷʲôⵥⵥģĲ⡣
л⡣
Ǹֱӳˣһйƽ
ղߵǸһʲôˣ
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ҪǸһĺ̨㹻ӲĻطҪӲסǸ˵ĺ̨
гӸ硣
µɫЩѿǸ˵һֱھҪСĽֻͱǸ˵ˣǸһҪкɫǲǹ顣
طĻҪҵȻҵﵱصĸĸ٣ڹⶼûмҪ֪ЩſǿסĶطıѾֱͥǾͲͬ
طǺܲͬطǰȫǿԱ֤ģҪ滹һ䷿ϢȻ󣬵Ǻ
֮ǰҲϢԴ֪ĺܡ
ŶԺлᣬһ˯ˬ
ȴǿʼϷ̲סһڡ
ܿ췹˶ˣ֪طΪʲôôߵĲ˼ˣղųԷԼͷˣ̫ˣɫζȫҷ㹻á
Եĺñߡ
Ա֮󣬳Ž»ȥˣϾطûж˼ȥϾδ֪Ķ˶ǻһ־ġ
ǳˡ
󹷺Сʼƴգ˷ܾͷͲҪжߡ
ûио˭ʲôģٱ£Ҳûпܻĵز
ǻصסĹԢʱǽֱӻԼķ䣬ǳȴһ˵һ¡
ôЩ׵ʵĻмֻϲΪǳЩأ
Ǳȥ
ָǵѾѵͷߵʱϰºۼŪµͷϣǴϰʹȻȴû뵽ڻȴǷЩͷˡ


55 籩
㿴
ȴЩˣ֪ط˼ЩԵɱ¼ҪԼеĻҪġ
ʲôû˵ֱӴԼţСĵĿһԼ棬ȴʲôûз֣ǸоЩԾ
ǽʲôûдߣ»ΪЩһʲôûдߣȻЩͬ
ʲôûдߣ
ʲôû£
µĻ׽һ£һӾͷַĵطԼһäûȥ̧ͷһЩ䣬һ΢͵ըǣǳʮӡʮӡ
ܡ
䡭
붼ûı㱧Ž³ȥǻûȥ¥ݵĵط˵ķ䶼ͬʱ޴ĺֱӱ飬ըֱ¥Ĳ顣
ȻԷҲûҪɶӰ죬ֻǽըڷ棬ȴǴ棬Žſ£ԼڻססԼûˡ
һ˶ûʲô飬Ҳýŵֱӿ޳ȴûôţӿֲͲʲô
ڻʲôطסģȥҲ֪Щһģҵġ
ȥҵıǱסɣ
Ҳ֪˭µ֣һǸһֶЩĪǶԷԼľ棬ֱĨɱأ
˵˭˵һεϮǶĪ
Ҳŵˣڻ֪ʲôʱֱѡԼ˽˵طȻЩעĿȴùĴɱ֮С
˵ͷʲô֪ʲôϢûУı󶯵ģ̴绰ط飬һ¡
֪֮ôҪ
໢ϴ˸ɱɲС飬ֱӵԼֵܾɱ
ȴû˼ȴҪֱߣôֳ飬ֻ»
Ǹո˼ӣЩʲôֳ
ǸǸոոŵߣǶֱըĵطͽסĵط
Ǵסˣֻǳ˼ӣôһžˡ
˶̲סأҪԼ絽ĻǵʱͿԵõµĶң֪ʲôã
⹫Ԣס฻ӵܣһʱǾֵĵ绰ͱˡ
褴Լµֱӽֳǵ˭֪ȥ̲ϡ
˭֪ʱ򵶰Ҳ˸Ϲ൱ء
Щ쿴̵ˣǶ¶ģ
褿ŵ̵Щˣ˵ǶǸʲôģо참ÿ
褶ЩˣûʲôøеģҪЩһΰҲᱻƻ
һε飬ȫжڹעˣǿ˳ժ¹ϵñӣҪǰ첻ãֻҪڳϣôܻƻԼĴ¡
ɢ
Ҳ˵ʲôҲ֪ŮбֱӴԶ褣Щ˸һҼȥЩͷҪ֪˭ȥ˭顣
褵ɫѿĺܣԼЩ˵Ҳ֪Щ˭ˣҪǱǱҵϢҲףʱôˣ
褵Ļе˶ɫһƽպ褲ԸˣǶףʱҪһӶҪɷ̲ĵˣôǶƴѰϡ
棬͵ѾˣǳϼŵĹӳǵĴǽ¡
֪أȴû뵽صĵزǴһֻ¾ǾֳҪͷˡ
飬пǹ
褴ͷȥ飬֪һε飬ΣҲһԵڻʲôǾֻԼֶΡ
ʲôСķ䱬ըˣ飬ڵߡ
ǱҲӵ˽³µ鱨Խҵ˶ˡ
ûɣûУǾͺãЩ˵̫ǧҪ֪˭ġ
̻Ǵļȴû뵽һӾͻ飬Ƿŭֱӿ޶ͣûа취ֻ֪ſõԼҪĴ𰸡
ͳסĹԢ棬˿Ѿ˲೬ˡ
ⷢʲôôô˵ģ
㻹֪Щһǽϼźͳϼţ໢ֵˣ˵ºͳϼŵٶ﷿䱻˸ըˣҪǷֵ磬ֻѾȥˡ
ɣ˶һըˣ
˭֪Ҫ˵ˣҪȻǻ鷳ġ
⸽Ҳ಻ʿڻˮ㣬ȴʲôòΪطѾ˸ˡ
ܿ죬Ǿҵ˫ֵܵļ
Դͷһط߾ʦ
ⶫǵ̵ҵģȥѭźۼңʮӣڳϵ˫ֵܱǸҵˡ
һ⡣
̵ݣֱµҪղǿǻǵõʲô
ʲôҪʵģǾʣ֪Ķ㡣
ûдⱬըʱǶϣ
˶ҪԼժȥȴ֪Щŵˣǿɲô˵ˡ
ֻһ⣬֪˭õը𣿡
̵ѾЩͷҪǶԷ˵ʲô֪ͻԷˡ
֪֪ǿţӦþ
˫ֵҲ֪ԼǼŪҪˣǲģ±ǣǶƴңֻΪ֤Լס
ǻǶǸո뿪ʱ
һʼǻΪʲôǷ֣Щһİ棬ӦöըҪȻҲˡ
ĺãԺûȤǻ죿
Ҳͳһϲ˲£ôǲѡ鹻Ѹ١
ҡ
ҪܾСȴæ˵ǵңϴá
ǿ֪ԼǼ˼ҵ鴫ȥǾСһסûпΧЩ˶ôĿ־أ
˶̸Լˡ
˿̣ǱȴǷһ顣
ôҲסﰡŽµı̲סֹһ䣬Ҫ֪ǡڳǵıԱߣ˵ڣҪסȥĻھˣôôɺϣ
ʲô˼»Щδȴ֪϶ʲôǷʲôر顣
ҽıָǱ˵ģ࣬Ȼʱ򶼲ʱġ
㵽ʱסһطºڴĿų˵Ҫʣסһط뵽ԼڱôԼԱסģıȴԼԱߣʲôǿ˵Ե֡
ԥһ˵Ӧǽطɣһ绰˵һЩ飬˶Сһ㣬ֻֻǿʼѡ
֪ЩʲôֶζʹҪǻעĻһ飬ǾǺĪġ
á
ֱӸ绰ˣʵϾ绰涼绰ˡ


56 
¸͵棬ֱȥԼı
Сûɣ
պͳʱͻȻӵ绰˵Ǳ߳ˣ˶׼ţȴû뵽Ȼ
˿ֱӳ˹ȥıʧһ㡣
˵ķҷ壬̲סӿ켸֡
û飬Һ÷ֵ磬ҪȻֻǷǡ˵⻰ʱƽȴǴɱôŹЩһΪڹھûΪɣ
Ͳûһ֪ʲôһҪˮʯ
Ҫǽǡȥ˽Ǳߣ˳ͷǺţֻô֪
ΪҪǣЩըңصĶʱըҲ˵Ǹʱڼǣȴʲôûз֣ա
СһΣ㶼ҪһסҲ绰˵ܻЩһűȽϺñ
ų˵Ǽᶨ·ϵĻǾǰҪ
һסȻҲܾʲôϾǵһӱ˸һˣææҪҸԼסĵطҲףҽôһŮôܻ뿪أ
áöǸ˵ЦҲǸȾ鶼ɲ٣ͻȻֻ
˶ֻ֪ʱʲô˸绰
ϴѾ鵽ʲôˡͨ绰̾͸һϲȻôʱҵºֵˣĲס
ãģҹȥ㡣æ˵סǵַų˵㣬˼Ҫȥһ¡
ʱҪȥʲô϶ڶǵˡպǲĵ˵³飬Ķ¡
ֱ˵ûдҪʲô飬ð˴ˡ
û£һЩ˽˵飬Լͺá
˵⻰׼ˣȴͻȻסһ¡
ôˣ
Щ׵ʵȴóһſ˵ţա
ãСůģ֪жǮǳһƬ⣬ȴˡ
ʲôɵжǮһ֪𣿸ûǮĵطǮҪʡţǮԽ飬Ƕ飬Ҫ˵ġ
ų˵µľǳһﲻûǮ֪ȥʲôǳ⣬һطҪǮİ
á
ǿˣȴѾ뵽ԼҪ㶨飬ðԼҪ㣬˭ܹ˺Լ㡣
Сˡ
ųĿĳ̲ס̾ϢԼܵԽİֲ֪ʲô⡣
ǵĵܵܡ
ȴǼᶨ˵ֻǲ֪˵˵Լ
˶ɵӣȻԼĵܵôûм棬ȴҲڻİĵز֮ǰӴʱֻǵɻ󣬵ȴԽŨء
Ƕûж룬Ϊǵĸ˵ǵĵܵܣǾǵĵܵܡ
ɲ֪ԼѾʲôԾ˿ڷ쭳
লľԱĽ׶Σ໢ĴˣЩİҲ֪໢ϴ˸Ϯ飬Ƕǵ̣±µĺ֣Ӷ׵սǲǱ顣
Լһҹ档
Щֵļһأ
һ³̵ĵһ⻰ɴ˿ɼЩһĺ⡣
ǵƬѾֵȥˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô͵
ûпֻĿˣ֮еɱΧ˶̲ס¡

ͻȻЦϵȴǿʼ
ϴ󡭡
̲֪ܵʲô̼ˣôͻȻѵǱը֮ˣ
ô벻ףΪʲôôķӦ
û£ĺܺãֵǶסһʣĳЩѾǿԶԸˣνҲϲġ
֪Щ˭ȻûȫĿ©ǲ²Щһ˭ˡ
ǡ
ûΪʲôִִУΪһѺϸĵҰĵĵףôſԸϴġ
ЩǹʹӶһҵУû뵽ҵطǶҪսܺãһֱ룬ʲôʱſԱ𡣡
һ뵽ԼЩֵܵĲҽУеɱ޷ס
֪ҹʹӶŵǰڱһʽȶסֻҹʹͻԴԴϵǱߡ
ҪǣԼû㹻ʵֻܹһѣ뵽ڶʱڸɵЩһ
֪ЩһԸҪҪŪǣǾҪ֡
ϴҿʲô
̿ųʵɲԼʲôûа취ǵʱԼǶˡ
һҪҪȥھͰȥһȽϻߵɽҰʱǱ߾ҪսôԣҪҪôֻ࣬Ҫס
ɲЩһԼĴսڳ棬ʱʤˣԼһ鷳飬ôȥġ
ǡ
̲֪ҪսǻߣȴĵطûģһӾ뵽˺üط
˿̣һư棬ںȾơ
ǿϧˣͲһͿŪǸһȻһˡ
һǸߴӥ̲סü˵һֱҪŪǿϧǣһÿһζôˣϴξɱжȴûвμӣҪǳˣȻֻѣǾͲ֪ô򵥡
ҪСϴαӶһһֱˣѵ𣿡
ߣǸôԺǱȽϰǼڹǿǰġ
ˣҪ԰ûмֵĶⶫ޷
˶̲ס˵·ڳǾֵȻҲǣЩһһ⡣
ʲô˹פ㰡ԺҪչѵˡ
Ǹӥ˵Ҳǿ˲֪˵ʲôǲŻô޼ɵ˵
ŻҪ£ǵҪ¼صſǵľٶ
˶һ˼Ʊˡ
ǸոߣǱǸΪʲô֪ķԱȴ̨óֻǲŵľǵԭ
ȻõЩɵľʦȴס
˵ǼһҲ˲ôãһӾײ໢ľưҪȻǵٶô¶ġ
Ƶŵ˾ʦǱߣ漴𺣸Ǳ߾Ϳʼˡ
ܿ죬𺣸ɫЩѿû뵽ôҵԼҪҵˣֻЩȴһ㶼Լߡ
뵽ֱӸ绰ѾҵЩһټˣСʱ֮ǰǵһưɺȾƣ߻һݺõĶ֪Ҫһ𣿡

Ǽ򵥵˵˿ΪûЩһټͷۣȴû뵽Լȴôҵǵټ֪ô˵ˡ
˵
Щ˵ĶԻ֮󣬳ݺݵطҪǵķسаǰɣжٸҶɱûΪֹ
ϴǸô죿
𺣸Ҳû뵽һӾͿҵˣֻȴҲ֪Щһʵ򵥣һ˵壬ֻҲսҪԼЩں֮ȥҪǲƽĻǵǿǣĿ
ʲôһжУѾŵȥˣҪĻǾȥһѡ
ôһģֻǱȽԼѡ
ǱߵĹ࣬ȴӡ


57 ɽ
֮ûǸǾΪ֪Щһǹ⽫Ϣ͸¶ģҪǹӶľԣͱ˸ɱˡ
ճ²⣬ЩֻһЩ˼ŶԣֻǶԷΪʲôҪԼأ
ǲףȴѾ׼ҸնҾ͸ҽնˡ
Ǳ߽ܹĵĲս໢ƴѼЩһϡ
˶Ǵʲô϶û¡
ϴոĶʱһСͻȻһŹ
һ㶣ⶼֱˣΪʲôҪ׵Ķ
֪ʲôùһɽ
ĸ֣ǳȴ˫һͻȻ绰̻һ绰˵һʲô㡣
ɾĵֱ룬֪϶ڳ̻ߡ
У㱣Ϳˣһᴦá
̻ȴǲ˵ǳȴǺ⻰ô˰棬Ҫ֪˭Ҫյһߵѣֻڶ֪ʲôˡ
ԼڵϢԴ̫ͼǿգȴûа취Щ鲻һһϦ㶨ģǻɣҲҪʱ尡
кҹʹ˳ˡ
̻˵û뵽ǸһվǳˣҹʹǸһİ֡
⻰ȴѾףãǵİȫҵϡ

̻Ӧһֱӹҵ绰ˣҲ֪ǲ˵Щæ
ֱӸ𺣸绰鱨ʲôط
Ѿظ̶סЩǱ뻹Ҫʱ䣬һЩСطѾչˣոյµķͻȻһЩ𷢱۵ļһͻأĳط
𺣸ЩƣΪǵĵ̫ǳˣԾҪԼǱİɣǶʱ䡣
Ψοǣһ˳֣ǻǿԷֵġ
ⶼһģЩһ߾ֱڷ棬һǼʮ˵ļһȴЩء
Ȼ𺣸Ҳòϣһεķ⣬ΪЩסĵط㹻ƫƧպһɵСǱߵĻ鶼һ֪
ãҿ׼Щ𷢱۵ļһЩһпҹʹˣɶһЩȥҼǱ߱ҽ㡣
Ǵ㽫նԵҪȻĶЩʡ
𺣸绰֮󣬳ƺ绰褴һ绰羯٣֪ûҰ
ɵ椣̲סϷ
ҹʹ˽ˣӦҲǷæŶԣҪ֪ҹʹЩ˾ЩҰˣʲô޵鶼ĳΰ϶⡣
˿褻Ǳ߿ᣬͻȻֻԵúͻأЩ쵼һĻɫЩڣÿһ˶Ҫҳŵģ˵Ǹ쵼ܱһˣһĿ˵Ѿ˵ˣᾲ𣿡
ҵһ˸鱨
褴˿ֻֻܹϣһ㣬ҪǸʲôǵʱǾ鷳ˡ
鱨ʲôİǵоҪǱը쵼ǶӣҪûа취ץסЩ˵ĻǵʱֻҪЩ˳ˡ
ܵһˣȽϹҲ˵
ߵĹҪѹȣǾһĸЩʩѹʩѹ֮󣬾ͿԽ˸£Ҳ룬Щ׼ļһԼЩһЩͨ˺һļһ
һѹǻƴǷã˭֪
褿˵Ӧǹⱬը顣
ҲˣΪһǵˣֻԼ֪飬˵Ҳһֱûа취ϵȻ֪һʲôˡ
ӣᡣ
ԥһ˵ȴæ˵ⲻðɣ
ˣﶼǵˣҪ˼Ҫˣ㻹Ϊص˰
ȴһ˵֪ˡ
ǡ
褵ɫЩѿҪܸˡ
ֻǣոսǵ绰ɫڣȴ̲סЦˡ
ڿᣬʲôϢ˵ɣΪʲôϵ㣬ȥˣ
æ˵ɲǲ׵ļһ˵ô࣬⻰æӦˣĻǸãҲ㳤˵ˣǾģҪûв´Ļпܳ⣬ǽҹʹĹӶѾˣҪû⣬ֻ»ڳֳ޴󶯾ĿľΪ˽ٳҽ㡭
Ļڳ˶סˣֱܸʵ˭
˭û뵽һﻹֱӿɫЩѿ
ֳܣ鱨ģ
ֱӿ˵ȴЦ鱨ԴһҪ򱨸棿ֻǸѶѣЩһΪ˴ﵽĿģǲԢ飬Ҿ˵ˣôԼ顣Գϼŵ壬ϣǿǲʮľҽפأĳϼŻģֻҪ졣
ɲǾ죬Ҫ⸱ֳͲף⸱ֳţȻֱ˼ҵϢԴܾͲ֪Ϊ˼ɻ飬ҲûǣҪȥǱߣϾЩ޷ȫġ
˵͹ҵ˵绰ܵɫЩѿʵǸһ˭ԷôҪɵǸһ
ϼŹӳ
褿ܳԱ黹ǺˬģһֱǲˬһɫҪ֪ʱʲôûҪˣǻ֪ʲôˡ
ߣȥҹʹǷߡ
ȴû֪һҹʹ˽ˣǳжҪ
úһУҹĻѾˡ
ҹʹǳȥˣƺ⽫ȥ
ǺǣЩһôˣֻҪСʱ͸㶨ֻЩС黹ṳ̂ڲɣ
ţΪ໢Ǹӵˣһֱڴ鱨ʮ֮ǰЩһﻹڽҲֱӴ˳ǽҪȽ˸ɵ֮顣
ֻǳһȴŹͷǸ𴫵鱨ȴѾ˸棬ϢǶ˼ҵİ·͵ġ
ϴڻڽ档
һ׶ĺ˿һ˵Ǳ׼ĻǺ£涼ڲ죬Լôֵˡ
ֻڳ죬鶼˲ã˼Ѿ֪ԼĴڣԼҲץסԼΪ˱סСֻܹǸá
Ǹ뷨ûΪΰ뷨
뷨ļһǶûӵɵ档
õģ֪Ҫ˵ʲô𣿡Ǹ껹һ񵽼ҵģģЩһһЦ
Ȼ˵ʲôȥɣСӣϴ㣬ҲǵѪùˣҪߣֻѡ
˵һ仰ĵӶЩëҲ֪ԼһֵЩ𣬵Ѿ˸ץסԲ
˵ĻﵹҪȥĻԼֻµʱҲһ뵽ֱӰպ˵Ļ﷢һţǻڽûб֡
ǸҲ֪֣һûз⡣
ʱ𺣸ֵܲͷЩʹû뵽Щһôˮ©ʲô鲻
Щһ϶˽ӦҪȻûпܻôΣ
𺣸ͷͻȻֻһǶţûʲô⣬һӣ亹ˣмˡ


58 һĶ
ɫɴ紵
ҹʹСӽٳֵĳһĵطûмߣǶ֪ԼǷѾɣȴ֪ҪҪ˸ߣǾҪ߾ȫսǲԼ˻κβ˳
ϴǰͣˡ
ǸΪ˾˵˵ͷ˵ὫԶһ㣬սһ绰˾Ϊȥӡ
ǡ
Ǹ˾Ҳ֪ԼҪǾǰӵķݡ
³֮Ǹ˾ˣ༸׵·߹ȥΪûиоɱ
ճ˼ǽЩ˸ϵԼƵĵطȥģǱ߻û깤ֻܹطͶԷսˡ
ҲɻЩһΪʲôҪأ
ֵĸоʲôطԾ
ȴǲ֪ղΪ˲˷ԼټǾ𶯵ֻһֱ˸Źâ𺣸ƴ绰ǲӡ
ġ
𺣸ָǸ˾绰˿˾ڿһαȽϵ·ֻס绰붼û˽ӣ̲סһ䣬Ѹٵĸ绰֪Ǳ߲ܹ飬ҪȻǹͷҪ顣
һˣҲһҹʹСӵϴǽ֮ǷлǾǿԼˡ
˺ǲˣΪԼҪԵǳǸɱԼõõһЩ֧Ԯ
ֻôܻΪôһС飬ԼԴǱأ
Ҫ֪һε飬ǿǹϵǷ뻪߷չ
ò˵ӶҵǸһ޷չ֮⣬ֻл߶Щʮϸ񣬼ǷչĿռ䡣
ǲչûлᷢչһ֮ԵǾӦ⸽һеİ룬ǲŻô˳ЩۼĨȥˡ
ֻҪǽ쵽ʱнһǵľݵ㣬Щ˻Ὣصƽ
еЩ֮ԶҲǺЩйϵֻʲôҲ֪ΪֻǸִжѡ
Сĵ·ϣȴʲôûз֣ûеģΪ֪⸽϶ڵŵġ
ֻǣЩʲôطأ
ΪʲôЩһҪôϳ飬ĪǻҪɽ
Զ򿪣Ĳ֪ЩһĿʲô
˶ѾλãһȳλãǾͻֻ֣涼ףһսôҪȻҲֲǳ֡
ǸúǰģǶĶ˹ȴ̲ס˵ΣԺ׼ʲôأ
һִ񣬽ѾʮˣڹӶһ˵ǸߣûгΪߣǼǻ뿪һеġ
˵ԽǾԽԽḻǷӦȴԽԽС
˶ȴ̲סֵ˵һ䣺Fuck˵顣˲ܹʱ򣬲ܹ˵ʲôһ֮ĶΪΪвġ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ϵֻһ
ûֹԼˣԼѹҲܴ󣬾ܵʱǵĸһ˸ͻػĵģȴǲǣսʮӶţ߸ȻĽܾˣһЩ˵ǲŵ顣
ȻˣڵӶţֱȫûˡ
û˸СܵʮǱ
ꡣ
ͻȻ˷һǸǣҪˡ
˶ڿųǵ涼ڴ󺰣߹߹
ֻҪٽ岽Ƕаó߲ˡ
ֻǳȴվǵط̲סҡҡͷ˵ǻɱڼ׶Ըоĵ
Щû˵ʲôȴ֪̾Ϣ
ɨ䣬ǷɹǶ񡣡
˿ɲΪôһ񣬽ԼֵСĶѾʱ䣬ǳϻȥǶҪСʱĻҹʹЩ˶ûа취Ǳߣֻܹ˵ȥɣ
ǡ
Ƕ֪Լϴǲ޹Ͼһ֣Ƕڴ˵Ƕһִ
ÿһ˶۾ĿųߣǶ֪ʱΪ׳սʱ
˶ɱ˳һսǸ֪һս˺٣һսɹȴǶ಻ʤǶ׿ǹһǹǾҪó·ߡ
顭
Աߵ֣ѾжϳɱһطֻҪڻͿǰõֶΡ
ֻǣľٶȴһźţ˶һǹˡ
ЩܼǹóѶȵ㶯ҿ㹻Զʱ䷴ӦҪȻĻҲֻǱǸɵˡ
ֻʱ򣬳ĺܴ
һסʮס
ȻͥɢһУȴҲû̫ţΣյսûȥʲôأ
ֻЩ˵ĺȴЩˣųӽȴ޿κΣˮһεǵĶͷϻ䡣
Ѿˣȴûκһ˵Ҫߣʱ뿪ǾǱɰӵˡ
ԽԽˣٶҲԽԽ죬ֻԭһӰ˱Ѿˡ
ʮס
ҲǹֻҪҵһĻֱӳֻ֣ǼѣҪܴĬƽʱóҪ˵
Ҫ֪ٶȿǿˣҳ˶Ǽ䲻򣬼޷յһӻġ
ʮ֮ʱǼ˶ƾоһֱӿǹ
ոմ󲽳ʮ׵ľ룬ëΣжʱҶӵмҲһӵʮ׵ľ룬Щӵ˵ǺķѲһӣҪ飬ô̵ʱ㡣
ʱȴ˶ϵ飬Ǿֱӷ˫бţĽŰʵľٶµӵܿȥΨһмӵǲĶƤϵ·ȥġ
е鶼һ˲䣬ҹʹ˶û뵽ԼһЩ֡
ЩһﷴӦǹʱ򣬳Ѿһߣǰǰ
źСǣǵϷѾˡ⻰˵ģЩ˶׹ˡ
ǺǣΪԶ޷ǹеӮ㣬ǵȭŲΪģҽһ£ҽˣ׹ȭ̳˸ܵĴߡ
˺ŵ˵ȴüͷ壬û뵽ôһһҲ⣬ôǱߴ£Ѿܳʱûж֣ȴԼκˡ
û˼˵ôϻֻҪ㣬˭ǹģŵ˵Ҳϲ֪ô಻ص顣
ϡ
ûж˵ôܹóȥ
ҲһԼͳĲ࣬Ҳͳս֮ǾͿԴﵽһµľҲ˵
ˣÿһ˶͸ְ
ԵǳֵʱǼÿһȭŵ綼Թεͨʹ
顣
ɲɵҪǱΧʱĻǾԼ̣Щһᣬ˻ˣһ飬Ƕĳġ
ȭཻҪһֻ˯جΣǳͬʱܺ˵Ĺ
ν˫ȭѵֻ˵㲻ǿѣͬһ㣬ǾͲ⣬˼һֻֿ赲סֻȭͷ
ϴмˡ


59 һѪ
ԸǼһȻ˵࣬ȴҲ뱻֮УǸ˾󺰵һ仰һӾͷģؿڱ˸һţʮಽ̲סһѪ
Щȴһϲʤ׷͵ĳ㲡ҪԳĽҡ
鶼У˰ģҪǸѺһģҲõľԼ͡
˾Ҳ֪Լֻͣȴ֪Լóӵķġ
ôһսǵĵ˺ǲˣ㲻֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ϴ㲻Ҫˣȥľ鷳ˣҿ֪¬ʩǼһرϲŮɫģ绨ŮУֻǻᱻ̣Ҫɱ
ЩˣСĺ桭
˶ųЦ˵һЩųĵĻѾ㹻Ǹţ⼸˻ڲ˵ȴҲ˼׳ʲô顣
Ůˣһɽ
ͻȻԺһжһ֪ϢԲǰ֪ͨ뵽ʱЩ˵ĿԼ㡣
Ǹ
ʱԼеγһ㵭ĹâȭͷҲˣ漴ƴųȭĹŹǿ˺һȭһȭ˵ע֮£ֱӻ˵ࡣ
͡
˷·ѵ˱ʮףڵһ
Ҳܣ߹ǱЩ˴Ҳ߷ˣսҲ̫ҡ
ӳ
˱һӷĳҪΪ˱
ڰ֮еշĶסӣԹһٶȣΣץס֮һ϶һֵεĲӿȥһѾؿڵȭͷӲĴĹâ˲䰵
⶯ܵҪʱǱѾȥΣǻûнӲ˫ȴס˳֡
ҿ
û뵽ʱ̣ԼȻһ˸ƣ˴űߵͷؿڵȹؼطк
ǳεʬƣֻȭѾкˡ
ꡣ
ʹˣǱķɳȥȻû飬εʬˡ
Ѹٽεָֺսһ
˴˿̶ѾҪˣȫļƣһʱҲĺ࣬ţֻ类Ǹˡ
ȫĹΧ򣬼ʹԴһˣҲƴҪкֻܹء
֪ղɱ֮ΪҪˣһӳһְǺܺչǣһΣǼʮĹӶ˼Һζʲô鶼̵ǣǼεͽܡ
ֻ˶Ūˣβŭ
ҲЩϻˣϵѾʮһ֪ǻᵼʲôȴܣѡΪֱһУ
ˣǾҪһȻǾͿܻ
ȥҲЩؿںͲӹ׼һŴȥֱʹ˫۷ףĸƢεֱ
ҲܣʹĿڵĹͷ˼ӴЩϡ
ֻʹǾͨϻ֮Ƕûá
ûôѾɱǣѸܵǳϣǸ˾һ˵һЩ񣬿ô£
ղҪḻʵǿֻѾǸɵ
Ǹ˾Ҳ֪ԼղŴĺ̲סͷ˵Ҵˣϴ󣬾ʦǱߴϢ˵ǱƭˣЩѾǱ֡
˾Ļóɫһ䣬Ѿ²ô֣Щ֪ô졣
쭳𣿡
˾˵˿ҪٶȸϹȥ
һٰʮ֮ڡ
˾ǿ϶˵ԷİգǳҲ˵ʲôֱӾ͵ͷ˵ãȥ˽ҡ
˵껰ͿʼˣղϵĹͷ֪ϵ٣Դ˿ҪѸٻָãӲҪ
˾ֱӿģʽ
ϴǵˡ
ʮ֮ǳڳõıǰ棬ǸطѾǾ죬ʬ壬Щʬ˵ģҲл˵ġ
ֱӳȥֻסʲôˣȥ

˿̿ļ٣ЩոôͬţǶЩѹ˸Ҳ˵ֱӰǹųжæܹ˵ס֣
ֱӿʵҽô
û飬Щһﱣǡ
뵽֮ǰ飬ɫЩѿмţ˼һӾǶʮˣҪͻȻɱЩſļһֻǶҪ군ҲǾ໢ĵһκ
˫ûк໢˳ʱЩܴİھ챻ѹƵʱЩ໢ȴѪΪȡᷴǲȻͱ˸ȥ
ȴǲ֪ľ񡰺ڷ桱ȴһμʧ˵ʮһ
ڵϿЩϤİӣ۾ЩɬģԼ̫ԴһҲᷢ
ЩҲЩɫһʼЩй׵С죬ȴǲԤеģһȴǿǵŻ
ǻ̼һġ
̾ϢһҲ޹ضԴϼŶǷԮ˵е˻Ϯֻҵֻʮ죬ǵսʼʱǾҪԮûлᡣ
ΪԷ̫ˣǸ޷ͶԷ⣬Щ쵼ŭЩ˵ǾǱõĶãģôģûһ
ǶҪЩŻϣǻɶΣ
Щţྯ춼Ҫ𣬵˭֪һһһֻĶǿģֻǽԷһСΧʲôΣ
оһ飬ѾصЩӡ
ϾļƣصľѾ޷ӦЩӣǶһͬ¶Щһ֡
ǰϢɣ棬һչ˵ģǵĳһǱģҳԴġ
ΪһֵĨȥϵѪһ˫͸żֲʵ۾ϵĵݺݵԼһգ˶סˣϵѪƴĳ褸кʿ
Ϊ̼ܵˡ
ȴףΪ˾ġ
̧ͷգһ´ŵĺΣһѪɫ
һ꣬޷Ϊֵܸ𣬵ǽգﶼ޷кĿԴЩȪµֵܣ
ȥˣ
ûԼ˿ڣ褺ƽ˵
֪
褺ִܲԼĿ˵Ϊܣȴʲô֪㲻Ҫ嶯ҪǾ
Ǿ˵˶ʮˣֻҪ죬ôİǵԲҲָЩ¸ҵˣֻǺǲΪ˰ˣֻҪͿԽЩɱָҳΪȡʱ𣿡


60 
Գо춼Զԣ˶˵Ƕ˲ֵ֪ܣĻȴô޷˵ڣЩ֪ˡ
Ҫ˵˶ˣ˼ҶѾѹҪʮңҪôྯڳĻطҲôһģ
ΪҪǣ໢ˣǾĲ֪ٱҪԼѪ֮סЩˣֻطѾûжٸš
ֻȴֻܹѶѣ޷ƾΪ඼ˡ
褾ĬԣҲ֪ԼЩ˵ûһôǣǿʲôأ
˭֪һ̵飬ڵҲѾǿԲֵˡ
Ҫ֪ЩطǶһʬǿ־壬Ҫ˵ˡ
һѣضʲô˶һ
վڴԵҿЩʬ壬ʹ洫ҿ˿ֻܹǽĬĬ
Ҳ֪ҪΪ˵ĻЩҲȥġ
նǽڽ䣬ѹֵĺܣԼ֪Լ˿ʲô
ղЩɱʱôԼԱԼǿϧǣ޷һжֻܹ˵̫пˡ
塣
ϵĵ绰
ֻöû˹ȥӣΪ˶ʧȥ˵Ȥˡ
ֻǵ绰ȴǺǿ
գչȥӵ绰ˡ
㡣
ǵ绰ǳġ
棬ͻȻתûκֻȴǿóֻһ룬˭֪ʱ˭绰
˶ڲ²⣬ֻҪЩ绰ʩѹЩǺ޵ģҲ˰
㡣
ͻȻ˶ЦˣЦݣȴǺܼʣҲ֪Լڼʲô
Сûɣ
յĻһӽע˱ղŵ嵽ΪȥǶû뵽Ҫ˭绰
ֻʱ򣬳ȴͻȻ绰˵ĺǲ졣
㣬ܸʶԵټˣֵǲܹ
˵һ仰͹ҵ绰ˣЩһǿˡ
СҪʲô㲻ҪҰ
˶ŵ绰УǶԻǱȴѹҶϡ
ۡ
ҵ绰֮ͻȻ³һںɫĶڳ˶˲ɵۣȻϵóʲôղ˳Ź

Ҫ׷ȥֻǳȴǿٵȥ֦

ϳ֮˵
Ҫʲô׷ֻܹһӰĺȴ޷³
ϴȥ
˾֪ҪȥǶԷ˿ڱߵľͷϣҺҵĿ֪˿̳ȥҽԺ
վ˳򼸰ѿӹıȽϺá
һЩ飬ûе˾ʲôóֻҪ绰ֻһֻѾжʮδӵ绰Ӹղŵڣǳ̼ҽúͳ̻ġ
ڵ绰ڱֱͨӾܽӣ̶İ׺ɵ绰
˿̣׺ϴйһȾƣ˶ֵͬܣô겻ʲô涼зִ磬˵Ȼϴ϶֣֮˶ף˴˸ʲô
ô꣬ûʲôǣҲıһ˽졣

׺ɵֻһֻ˵
ʱ绰ʲôҪҪǳ֣Ǿˡ
й֪ڵսжôĲпᣬղǱߵսǶڿֱ
ΪѾյϢҹʹҪǱȻ֮ϢҲΪǶڱİڼ飬ڼǡ֪ôһ顣
֪׺Ҳ֪Ҫʲô˵绰ʵкιɣʱ˴˶û˼ʲôġ
Щ˵ĵַֻҪǺֵѵ飬һ绰ΪϵɽһΡ
֪ʱʲôٵģΨЩΪʵԷۣǾͻף˲ŵһŵǾҲɡ
һӡ׺ɲԼһֱͱǾǺҹʹ˶ϣǽǶ߲ˡ
йûпֱó绰Լ·һţ֮һŻں׼ܣбʮһˡ
йֻӹȥ׺ɽӹһֱӿ˵סĳŵں׼ܣбʮһˡ
á
һӽ绰ҵ˾˵ںߡ
ǡ
˾֪Ҫʲô涼ЩˮԼϴֵһֿһַһţ֪ͳڵ״̬һȥֻ׶༪١
˿̳ڱĿ񣬵ûע⵽ôࡣ
𺣸ʱĲƺϳ̣˶û˵Ȥ˶ѾеƺãȴûƵ˵Ļô͡
ôֵܾˣһЩ˵ֶ֪ⲻĵıˡ
νȲƱ岻Ʋƣֻһ˵ˣնǹ¼ҹˡ
໢һӵģ˸е顣
𺣸һ漴ֿ˵ôֵˣ˾ûгϢĶ̣
ңǿʲôôֵˣ˭İʱ˵Ҫ֣ӶѾƴˡ
ȻƣȴȱѪԣһûȥǷŭ
ƴҵҪǱߣҲһ˺Ȩģڵ㻹ܹҪȥ˭Ϊϴ󿪽ָЩļһһ̻۵ġ
𺣸⻰˵ҲףԷΪãֻȴô붼졣
ͻȻ𺣸ֻһۣվĿ˵һȥĻᣬ𣿡
˫۵ɵĴģҲ֪𺣸յʲôϢҧҧ˵ӡ
ãֵǣˣǸһϴ˻ȥЩһΪȥֵܱǸңǸô졣
𺣸Լȭͷ󺰵˾Ǳߵû뵽黹õϡ
𺣸ĻЩѾ˲ļһһ˫ǳ죬ǿŸ𺣸ĺܡ
ģûڸղŵϣлᣬӾҲҪЩ˵ס
ݡ
ѪծѪ
ʲôĶУǾôһ˼ųȥ
ãסǶֵܣϴڣǾڣ˭С
С
𺣸һֱֻԲֵģǽΪЩȥֵܣԲһѿԱߵİɫϳˡ
еһеڶһȺ˶ˡ
Լϳ֮ˣÿһ˶һںš
һЩ˸оԼЩֵֵã˶ǿ־壬ÿһ˶ԼǲֻĲס
ľ棬ĵѪѾڣ뵽ǸһԼǰϴ뵽ݺݵһġ漴ԼͲżһȥˡ
ʮλεĳںȥЩ춼ѾলľԱȴһʮһЩӵѸٵĳ


61 Ԯ
ۡ
³һѪǰ濪˾һȴͻȻ˵Ҫʱŵ
ʮӡ
˾ѾٶȸŵıȽû뵽ǣЩһﻹûиҲżҪǵǱߣϴǻô˼Ҷ
ӵǱߡ
ȴûôʱȴҲоԼƺпҪȴûôʱ
ҲһѣǾԼЩôҪʱ̣Ȼᱻ˵һ仰ģǲԭµ顣
á˾ٶȸ죬֮ȥ
֮󣬳ںߣֻȴǷƽ˾
᲻᲻ط
˾̲סʵȴҡҡͷطֻЩһﶼûе
˾Ǳˣ֪СЩһﶼߣֻߴ
ǣ
˾Щ֪ô죬Χ˵ȽԶһ㣬Σգֻ¹˲㡣
⻰˾۾Щʪų˵ϴҪֵɣ
ֵǣʲôˣ
˫һĿһӣ˾ʱŵĻ˵ҡ
㽫طǣͿ
ǲôԼûаȫˣôˣǲǸ˵
𺣸绰ǱֱӾܽӣָ绰Ǳߵǽˣȴȿ˵ϴҪǵֵܣʲôҪ˵
ڳ£ֻʱ뷨ڣ뷨ȴѾı䣬ÿһ˶һѪ飬һԷĽ󱳽ԷֵܣʵȴĶѵһԼҪƣԼ
ˣǶѪжķΧ֮£жٸ˿˵
Ǳ߾Ĭԣ漴ȴǿ˵һЩúƿûʱͿЩ⣬һ˶ܹߡ
ϴģϸѾЩźˡ
ʮ֮ǰ𺣸ȻѪڣǵģҲ֪ԼʲôʲôԾúĵطֱÿһһƿúˡ
ϰ忴ģǲģҪЩһȥʲô飬ǵʱ򻹲鷳
ֻ𺣸ȴֻ˵һ仰ҵЩֵڰСʱ֮ǰЩǹе֮£ⶫ˵Ҹô𣿡
ղŷѪѾУ˶֪һȺ˺Ѫս˲֪飬ȴ֪ŵ˵һκЩ˺һֿء
Ǹϰ忴ǰЩһ϶ŰײˣѪˡ
һֱΪЩһֻѹģ˭֪ȻѪ
뵽ԥһ˵λϴҼ˸
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һСڸ𺣸Ķ˵˼仰漴ЦݵĿϰ˵ֵܣҼסˣһǮģ໢ȻţȴѾڸı䣬һ죬ǻ໢Ϊٵġ
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Ȼû뵽ǣԶȴѾôˡ
仯缸ѾоΪԷҽԺܶôʹ࣬ûһУһֱŴ⣬ʱʱѧϰýúʤǿģµľԼĶЩʹ⡣
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ԶģǻǰյıȽ׼ģֻ֮ǰǰĸٻԺ˫ۣԲŻֵĺʹһ
Щˣô˵ǸǸŮ˶ţᱻǸ˸ƭΪǸŮԸôһõĻԣǵһ֣Ů˵̷ַӿԽǸ˸ˣǸ˰æǮ
ʤԥһֱóԽӻͨƵֵǣߡ
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62 
һӾͷԶĳǣֱӶԼ˱
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Щ˶ڳЩڷ涼η壬ǿǴûмôֲļһ
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ͷ̽·һʱ䷴Ӧûǹ֧ǸôҲӲˡ
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ϴǾЩһԶ߹ųʵоɱҲ֪ʲô
ףǲҪҪȻױɰӵģ
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ãϴСġ𺣸Ҳ֪һȥǾ·һһԵõʲô鱨
¹ӦǱȥɽЩǹ֧ڶߡ
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Ҫ֪Яÿһ˶ģԽĻҲ̫ȫ
ףһ˳ˡ
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ʱҲ֪䣬˭֪Щһ뵽취ԸԼ
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63 
ˣʹָǶҪʱ䣬˵ԼڼָͺãǸ𺣸ôܻҪǳΪôһʲô󻼣ǿǲĲ顣
֪Ѿ׽ߵһЩҰ߸շˡ
ʵϣҰĵкܶ࣬ߵԼҰһˣȴǺ٣ΪЩԼҰ·ϣЩǡһֽ˸ֶϡ
͵ҽԺ֮һֱû˯ȫʹ߹Ƕ˲˵˵󱳶Щµ˿ڣ˿̻ðѪ嶼ˡ
СѶĳ̼ҽÿһģֱſޣǶû뵽˵ôء
㣬ǿʲôⲻû飬ҪģھǺһͷţսǶԿסҲЩͷµľŮ˵ᡣ
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Ҳ֪Ҫæ˵ͷֻͷĹʹݶҧ顣
СôˣһӾͷֳЩԾųǵĵʵ
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ҪʹҪ˹ˣһԼҪѹĻǲҪ飬һ⻰Ҳ֪Լ˻顣
ôŲôʹ߽㣬Ұ㣬ҪҪȥҽų˵żȴС˵ãǻȥϢãչ˺Լ
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Ҫʲôȴǿų˵֪ǷˣǾĿǰһ϶ûа취Զ
˵ҲҪʲôϢһͺãߺҾͻûġ˵ԼҪ򣬵ңҪ֮Щ
ŶǺã˯šߵһŲȥǸ㻤õģǺСĵı
㣬˿Գȥһ𣿡ͻȻ޷ͣټȥֻԼǸطᱬ
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ҪȥһɡȱǮȱչˣŮ˲չ˵˶ǧС㣬˵˺ͳĹϵ˶ʣҪ򣬵Щֵֹġ
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ûдһǲǸ㣬Ƕˣûʲôģ㲻Ҫǰչʱ
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ҲЩߣϾô󣬲뵽ߵһ̣ȴ֪ԼҪܵһЩ顣
˶ѾЩ˶ǵܵܵģҪûǵĻֻ²֪ôˡ
ꡣǸоûа취ԳֱӰСʱ
һӾĺǳ죬ȴǺܲǻѪǿŲڳ֮ÿӣЩ򶼸ˡ
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Щ鲻˵ģҽһŮ鶼ЩأΪǳŮˣ⻰ҲȽֱӡ
һӶָˣһ־ʵ֪жôϲԼ˧ģȴ³ûа취ܡ
˵Ҳ漣ҽǸֲƤʲôģǶҪһʱ⣬ǶоʲôڱҪǻһ˶пܣҲǳôѡ
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֮󣬳ͻȻһţҧڳյĶϡ
ֻǣȴһԣӲ
Ҳһæͷʾţǳȴҡҡͷܾˡ
һϣжûж˯ţЩ̵ĶһλеĻı䣬Ͼһʲô飬Ƕǻϵġ
е糿̫ر磬ûӣѾ
ǱʹѹģͻȻоԼĿЩѪȣһյĶӴЩѪȵζ
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ʱŷ֣ԼȲ֪ʲôʱڳϣ˾˯һϡ
𣿡


64 ޾
ڳʱ򣬳վѹ˶û˯ãһ϶³ĺŪԶ̶סǳգڱҧʱ򣬸һԣ³
˿̣ô鶯غ㣬Ҳǻչ˺Լû飬ġ
ɵϣҪǵĻͲҪ˵ЩҪȻ˾Ҫˡ
յóЩҲ֪ԼЩǼˣų˵˿ȥһ°ɣҲЩˣԼ㶨ģˡ
˵ǲ֪ʲô˵һֺڹĶ
ƻа취ָȴֱڿ˵뵽ҽ˵飬֮ڴ
ȻԻָԼҽֲԾȻԼʲôأ
˶ǾϲؽеȻ׳ƭǣǶǸˡ
Ҫ˵ˣ㻹ȥһָ֮һ㴦˿ڣа̺۵ġȴǸ˵Ĳˡ
յ˵ͷƿһ϶һƣǲӶЩų˵㣬ҽҵĲӸŤһ¡
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鰡ҲЩͷۣ֪Ҫ飬֪ô˵תһ˵֮ǰʱһĵǿߣʱ˸׷ɱǸʱͻȻľǸطһЩֶθҡ
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Щε˵˶ǿģһôƯôǮһѾ̫ˣһҵŮǸǴ޴𺳡
ǸŮһܺõѣֻͻƲǸ˾ͺһһֱִҪǿţֻǸ˶УǸŮҲǸз֡
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ʣôʰҪǿԵģһȥ¸˯һ£ʱһģա
Ҫ˵ĺý㣬һ̲ס棬УЩ֪
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̻ʱͳԵ㷢ǲ⣬ȴҪ˸û˵ܵʧǻû˸أ
ֻЩȴǲܹ˵һ˵Ǿ˺Լ˶ó̻ЩȵǣһξȻͬˣĩ˶Է˵һСŮлգףǳģҲ˵ĺܡ
ĽԼĶӣûа취˭ĶѾˣǳСӺǷĿζ
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ų̻Щĵ˵ȻóԷѾܾû˯ģչǲҲֻ⼸飬˲ܹ̫ۣҪȻ׾ͻͳɼǵòʧ顣
ЩĿ˳һۣҲû˵ʲôЩıͽܵġ

̻Ҳ˵ֱһŴϣ˵СںͽǸСŮչôղŽǿʱ򣬻˵˼仰
˿̣ǵ״̬⣬̻ǺܲעڴϾͺţͷſǱߡ
ѣסڽڡҲ֪Լô˵ֻܹԷ˵һ
⻰̻ȴЦҪŬŪҵʱҲôӣҲһЩǵǵļҲ
̻⻰ָȴһ㶣ֻ֪²һĸԴ
ȴ˵˵ģҺͽͲĺ˰⻰ڱﲻȴҪ׵㣬˶Լı£ǲõʲôҪٵģҲ˵
һ̳ǣԼǳ̻Ķӡ
ˣҪھͼ޵ĳȥҪʲôָʲôҲ룬ѧУڹ˾æһôˣһۡ
̻ε˵ҲΪŮġ
ʵϣ̻ͺܶﲻͬôԼĶŮĳ룬ǳ̻ȴûԼĶŮĺòǡ
Ǯⶫ׬Ѿ㹻ǻӻˡ
ԴŲ֮ҲûҵͷϾһҵĻǵʱԼžͻֳ
飬ѾǼʶ̫ˡ
֣㻹˵ǣԼأ趼ô꣬ҲˣҲÿԼ
۳̻ȴЩʲôŮҸţôôģ
ڴ˿̵ķΧȴǺܣɣ޾



65 
ں˼ʱ򣬳̻ȴѾʼࡣ
ǣ
Щ죬ı¶У̻Ҳ˲ò࣬ȴЩյ˵ÿһһ˵飬ֶҲ룬һҲûչˣôð
㣬㲻°ֶһˣҲ𣿡Ҳ֪Լôðôһ仰Ҫǲ֪ģΪҲ
ȴûһĶͷ˵Сӣ˰Ҫչ˺ð֣һݣǿԲҪģԼнţҪʲôأУҪŪӸ֡
⻰ȴ̲סЦ⺢ˣȻҲһϣȴûѪԵϵǺǡ
˲佫ͷӳȥ󿪿˵ˣļһһŮϲҰ
֨ѽűմƿһ۾Ϳ˯ڴϵĳ̻̲סһϲһ˶֪жʱûž۹ܽطôʣȴǸˡ
㣬ûɣæʵ¸ŪʲôҪ֪Ǻܴġ
ߣСӡȴǲ˵ɫЩߣϾһŮҽʱǸҽ˵ģСȤǺ飬ҲҪôҪôľͷҧģ
ʱߵͷҪزû˵Լܵҧġ
㡣ЩίۣҲǹġ
Ҳ֪鶼Ū˼Ҷ۰ûл˵ġ
ˣҲûй˼ôģҲ֪̻ΪʲôԴʵ
ȴЩŭ˵Ⱥµļһ߱˸ǱߵǺãҰȥᣬƺҪ˵ǲҪˡ
һЩߣȴ֪ûа취ı䡣
ȥ͹ȥˡ
Ҳֻܹ˵ˣܿ죬ˡ
λãġ
´Ƿ̽ͷģǱѹţΪ˭֪ǷѾȫ˽ϣûа취ͣǣȴҲûסææ

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Ѹٽûеӣţ褣һֻǷôڣоԼƺʱ䲻ʣΪԼôǾͲʲô˵ġ
ʱ򣬳ڸ˵ģתۼһ褣Щӣɲϣˣ֪һˮȣ̧ˮȣûˮȡ
Ϻá褿ڳ˴кЩ죬պͳһۣǲòһ飬ôһôŮ˲ð
Ϻãˣô»Ÿʲô羯ٵˮ
ȴͻȻŽ˵⻰ýˣԼһŮȻҪ顣
ȴм̵ģΪǿˣȴǲòԼĵܵܣһ仰һ鱻ı䡣
㣬ȳȥͻɡ֪Ļ˲ʺϴŵˣλúţȳȥһ¡
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褵ķӦȴƽ٣Ҳͳȴûжٹϸ
˳ȥ֮褿Ž˵Ⱥ쵰˵һЩ𣿡
һ㶣ĥǸôŵģ˭֪ȴ˵˵ȴҲʡȥΡ
Ա㣬ֻġ˵⻰һƨڴߣм۵Ŀų֮дżְ
ǵֱ룺İɣ
飿װɵ˵ɲɵɵĳʲô̹״ӿεܴϣؼҹ꣬һ仰һֱǹӶһеǱ˵˵ȥֱ˵ǰɣ
ȥһطˣ褾һһȴͻȻ˵Ů죬һþ죬û˭ỳɣһϣһ£ǰһˡ
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ڳ棬ĺŮǿûʲôϵģȴƺô£ƺֻԼǰ椲ҪȻһȦдˣôôף
֪бȥкܶ࣬ǺȴûжٸЩʱҪûãϾԼûʵϣǾǿŶûá
ڳԶ򿪵ʱȴЦ£ô˵Ҳһ֮Եɣ֪˵˼Щ飬ҲԼһ°ɣôǿ㻹Ϊô׵£
⻰óЩ꣬۾֪һطүڲǵ£վŰ
褣ӡĲãϾԼȱЩ壬һ￴һþ죬Ǻþȴһÿһϲǰĳϲ
ˣʲôҪ˵ľ˵ɣ˵֮뿪ͺˡ⻰褺Σ˶ѹ뽫˯ŵĳ̻ѡ
Щ˶𣿡褿ųʵ˵һһ˫صĻֻ©
ãˣǾһƬطЩһ˫ƴҷ˵ĴŪЩһ⻰˵Ķ޳ܣȴЩ쵼˼Ҫ֪ŵ˺ЩɱŪģǸǺã
ʮˣÿһʮ򡣡˵Щ鲻⣬˸ժӣȴвˬġ
оҲҪЩֵܲʲôģ˲ܾģֻЩǮôһطȴͷ۵飬ôһԩͷô᲻ڣЩ֪˶֪֪ˣҲ֪
û뵽һʨӴ󿪿ڣҪ֪һǾ׷Ļǳǿ϶ûʲôùӳԡ
ô飬ȴҲûа취ܺõĴϾս˶֪һ˸˭֪ʲô
Ҳ褽һ͹ԭΪٲŷ˵ȴû뵽˵쵰˵
ô飬޷һȥ쵼ʾһ¡
վ˵Ĳ࣬Ҳ￴ųĵģߵʱͻȻðһ䣺СɵѾ㴦ãԺŮȥ̥飬Ҫȥò㲻֪ܶĵġ
˵⻰褾ͼˣȴǶͷҪ˵Ѫˡ
߾ǽ£ȻСЩϵȴûô㣬ɱ񣬸мֵĲ
Ǻǡ
ûнͣȴЦС˭
ҵͬѧϴοһٸҾ˳ְæֲǲ֪ϲΪ
⻰֪ܣ֪ûȥѧУϿΣȴĵĶһԼͷǿĵ˵ǺãҺһȥϿΣ
ҡ


66 Ůʿ
Ҳû뵽»˵һתЦðǿҪͬŶ
Ҫһͬңƽʱڰ༶濴ЩһҲЩյĺܡ
ĻЩ糺죬²Է뵽ʲô顣
ۿۡ
ţһ֮ŽǸ㹻ʱ˻壬˶ûа취ʰãҲûа취׶棬Ҳôɣ
ո棬˽ŲҴҵ褣ԷֻǴһк뿪
£ʲôר𣿡ڽµߺȵʵҲǽµķ˿Ȼֻ֡
Ҫĳһˡȴǿ˳һۣóɵۣʲô飿
³裬ͳʲôϵ
Ǽ˵ɻ
Ҫһǣһֱûҵʵġ¿ų˵ģЩڴĿų
Ҳһˡ
æԼȴǿų˵㲻˵ƺָܿ𣿡
ûдƭǲɣ
ǵĵʵ⻰óʹָ࣬Ȼģعôǰ
ȻƭˣҲЩһֲǲ֪ЩǾǳԸǶҪڣӣҿûа취ϰߡ
ĻҲףʵȴ˵һר˼ҪһϷ
󣬳ȴǲӴæŽ˵ҪǸôģ
һģüŮ˶ɵۣʵ㲻˵㲻𣿡
ҲвͬİҲ룬ˣôҲҪΪɣɵЦô޳ܵĻû֪Լô˵
ӽġ
ǳ뷨
ҿǼס˰Ҫҵרǡ
ȴǿųЦ֪ɫǻģ֪Լһλ޴ĺ䶯˭Щ飬ֲֻܹԷҪʲôʲô
͡
óԼոĶ˵ԣǾҪιܹԶ࣬ѾãˣҲҪԼжҪȻҪ˰æĸоΡ
ι㡣µǺģǳΪһүʲôź
Сʱ֮󣬳̻ѹԿˡ
ͷӲҪôƴ㶼һͣҽǡų̻˵˿ŮȥˣȻǱϳȥġ
飬˶ʵˣҲǽһǳ̼Ҷ˸ŵġ
ʲôʱ飿̻һðȴֹĽҸɶ˰ɣĻҵѹǺܴİ
ңûãʱͽ£ڻûжôżʲô
Ȼ˵ûĴ㣬ǳ̻ȴǺϣ飬һ飬ҲԶһЩ˲е롣
ͷӣҶû㣬㵽ʲôĵˣȻôݶİһֱҪʵˣҹʹȻ綥ģȴҲٮٮߣһϣԷ㳲飬ǿɲ˵׵ġ
ǺǣǸøһһҵֻô򵥡
̻˵⻰ʱЦǳȴǸоһ⣬֪ǸǾԼðĳ̼ү
ڣҪôҪʲô֪ԷʲôȴҲҪΪǸһôֵܣûк˼ˡ
㣿˾Ϳԣʱָסһ֮еһһҲã֪ôҲЩ̰ͼǼҸ˺ãҪһһ
̻ĻóɵۣǶôһ尡
Ҫǻһɫյ飬ǻЦҪ֪˶ڳǿǺ޷˼ǳΪôܡ
վڲ˵һ˺һŮˣ飬ô޷
֮ߵ죬ǾΪԭ򣺡黹ǿ˰ɣ㶼ǺŮһѪˣֻһʱ˵ھͲڡ
⻰ó̻̾Ϣ֪һôһƢ
ȴҲ뵽ҪǳԸԼҲԼĶӣֻǺЩʼδѡ
ڳ̻ʱҲʲôֻҪԼպа취ԼĶӱ
үӣЩҲҪ̫ˣʱһһһϲġ飬Ҳȥŵʲô֪Լһ԰ǰʱͻ֣ʱôҲǸ̻һϲ
⻰̻˵ͷų˵Լע㣬ߣ˴ЩҲСĵ㡣
ų̻ıӰǿס
˵ʲô
ôôǿͻҪǻЩƴǳ̻ȴǿȶ
оԼҪߵ·ܳҪĵزǲһǿˡ
Ҳܽһ£Լԭ־ᶨҪȻҲܻ顣
ͻȻֵĳ뵽һ飬Ǿǳ컹û򣬵Ǿһ¶ѣôȥֲڣǳô죿
һյ飬һӾͲ²ˣ뵽æóֻҽԺǱߴһ绰ǸطһͬѧҲġ
ӵ
ϱҪģǽ̫磬ûȥںˣûڣô
ҲûдΣڲӣһۣǱѹŵһ֡
ҲЩӣĺ󺰣ˣҪ򣬵ôܶ˵ģ
жôĸӣֻԼ֪ڳ˼ʱȴǴŵ
һɣ֪Լľˡ
һſֵĻʿ˵ҩ
λʿ㣬԰ҽһŪ𣿡ֱӳˣԼٲǰ׶Ҫ⡣
ĻǸ˵Щ˵ɣ
лΪǸʿﲡˣҲûж룬ȴûһ鶼ɻȥ˼һʿ飿
ֻǸʿԵ֣ԺǺߵĵͷŪ˺ܶβŪã㶼ֱˡ
֮ǸʿҴææŻȥ뿪óɵˣҪҩ
ҿǸǻʿԣ˼صعҵģҵװΣգҪһгŮ˽ֻǸط
ҵ˵Ҳû뵽Լôˡ
ȴǲ֪ҪһٵĻʿʲôģǿ϶ûлطģϾذ֣ʲô飬ǶǲһſԽǱЩ˶١
ǳ̻صذŵģɲĵط˸ɵڳػ涼Ѿõˡ
ҽԺ˼ʹֵӣֱ˫ֿԶ֮ҪԼҪȻȥֻԼһˣȻǸջŪʪӣԼĽ֣˴۵Сۡ
С
ոհϴӵĳ߳ųеҪôĹ죬ǾжôĹ졣
ڡ֪ԼôԼˣǾ޿ӡ
ʵңǲССҲ֪Լôʳ⻰ģĺ֪Ϊôû뵽Ȼôɰ


67 
Ҿܾش𡣡˵ԼҲȥݣȥԼȥһطǶһȺˣЩֵܺȥԼһںƾƣó˶Ҫ
ȴǲУ˶ȷڳȴ̲סЦðһȻһĺӣȻôһɰˣҺǸˣҪҪһŮֿԳԵŶ
ڳĶߣϢó
㡭ǲϰ߶ԷôȴǻȻ˵㣬ôʲôҪҽ㣬һ⣬ⲻǰ
̲ס뵽ֻȴЩ죬֪Լôģ²Ǻȥ
Ϊʲôôأ黹㲻Ҫô࣬һǸһŮǲԿģǸŮΪˣͷŶ
տųЦ֪ô˵ֻܹĬҪȻ㻹ǻҵϷġ
ʵϣ̼ҽҲһһǶԳһЩһĶǳŵĲˣǶ̲סЦǾϲһģҪȻĻǶûôȤ
Ҳ鿪ʼѭǸϷԽңӵʱ˶ͷ㣬Կҳԣһ˵һʲôĴ
ڵԺ֮󣬳̼ҽò΢ǵҹصסĵطʱȴǶԳһЩǵĶ
ǿҶǽܣûʲôϵڳȴҪ飬׾ͻᵼ±˴˲ǹ߻
һ˽Ҷѵĸоʹ޷ܣǸոպþܵ¼ȥš
ôˣҲǾȣû뵽ġ
ҲаڵǽšҲ˵ʲôϾЩǺ˽ģо˵ҪԼŮѣҪý֪ˣǻһֺ壿
ط˯ºڴ˵﷿䵹еǣֻһҲǼįĺܡ
ĹأǵǸҵŮˣҪǸŮˣ˵ԼѾƹˡ
˾˵⣬ȥЩ⡣
º˵ҲѾоԼĹ۶Գ˼飬޷ֹȴǿԾܵԼһƣͲţԼͳһ֮ǸŮ˻ǵʱͲʲôûˡ
Ŷʲôʱһȥΰ
ǵ飬ȴǺ˵Ҫ죬Ҿ⼸춼æˣڵΪд衣
ʱ֪ͨҾˣûм棬һƯ֪١һŽµ˵ЩɬĿųôܵĶЩӦȴϲĸоʱ߽ġ
ŮһֱʣЩԿңǶǷĺܡ
Цȴҡҡͷ˵˰ʵˣ⼸Żкܶû
áҲ֪һæˣΪһ˵ֻȴǿͳһ
Ȼо˽µĿԥ˲䣬󿪿˵п𣿡
С
붼ûֱ˵УϻҪ飬Ϊǳ룬ֱӽǰƺ
OKҵʱ㡣һЦݵĿŽ£ֱӿų뿪
¿ԶȥıӰҲ֮仯ǰĸо𣿡
²֪ԼǷѾϳԺ棬Լһ⣬ȴʱֳӰ
߬ȭͷ˵ǲǰ飬ҵģ˭ûа취ߡ
ֱȥ໢ܲµʱ໢黹ҪģֻЩǸ𺣸ģ˶ʱ̽㱨ҪȥЩֵܵĻЩ˺ġ
ϴ󡣡
ϴˣҳ
ϴָˣ
Щֵܿһĺܣ֮ǰΪǳձģԴҶЩңǽȴǲͬǶѾ֮ͬˣΪǣҪǸ֮˴˶ǲ
ոճԺˣЩֵأ֪Щ໢˶ߣΪƽʱҲЩ˵ģ˭֪Щ˵᲻סԺʱº֣ǶСġ
أ
˵˶תʱֱŪˣǸ𺣸ǲ㽫໢ͿգΪ˽һ˽ĵطֻһΣȴҲǼǧҽȥ
˵໢֮öȶѾŪ
ãȽȥġ
һЦݵĿǣ֮ǰ棬ҲֻһЩСУһ֪Щ˶ֵܡ
á
ÿһ˶˵ͷǶ֪϶Ҫġ
˵ʲôЩֵܣҪȥˡ
Ҳֱӽȥˣ𺣸˶Ѿͷ࣬ǿҲʳʲôֱʵϴǮ𣿡
һ㶣֪Щֵܵİ⣺Ҫ١
һǧҪûУŰ򣬰˰Ҳԡ
һε̫ԷҲҪܶ࣬𺣸Ҳ֪ж٣Բڵġ
ǮóɣҪǲʱ취ҽȥǡ
ֱӽԼĿӳҲ֪ǿжǮ໢ոշչʱôҪһЩǮġ
á
𺣸ֱȥѯǸų˵һЩȥֵܣǶѾ㹻İҷѣеǼÿһ¶ֵȥЩģǸǽǵĸĸϴ㿴ź𣿡
ĻóĽŲͣ٣ôû뵽һŵˣȻôĵƶȣЩҶڹǶûƶȰɣ
ϴⰲҷôܹٵģҪȻǻֵܺĵġΪоⶫ̫ĸԲæ˵Ҳ֪ЩЩףʱ𺣸ʱѾֹǳģǳŵġ
ǵģŭѾȰܶΣǸ𺣸ȴһУΪֵܣûа취ֻܹ棬͸𺣸ദʱ䲻ࡣ
ֻǣЩʱԺģˡ
˭ģûб̬ͻȻ˵
ҡôǲЩŪæЩס
Ҫ滰
˵࣬ǲԥ˵ҡ
ôˣʱһ˷ܵĸ𺣸ո߽ȴǿĿоЩ仯
ղңҪЩŮļͥĸģŸ𺣸ʵø𺣸һ⡣
𺣸ʱɵۣΪͬ飬Ҳʲôˣų˵ԼƶģֻǱҸŵġ
Ŷ˵ˣЩ졣

𺣸ǿ϶˵ȴЩΣЩһ˾ͺã˵ʵҪվֱλãͬ⡣
ټˡ
˵⻰ȴĶЩˣԼô࣬վ޷ȵùЩ档


68 
˶ܿ콫Щ˸ټ漴˶ųҪ֪ô
ƽһͷˮֵܣȴǲƽ
˵ǻôһҪ
Ȼ˿ӽˮŻľڳбҪ
ղš
ܴ˵֣ͣһ£͸𺣸˶ͷ˭֪˴˿̵Ƕôĸӣ˵˸ңҪЩɥֵܸǵĸĸҪչ˺ǵļˣǵÿһǿҪ֧ʮǮ
⻰ȴûпţΪһγƶȣԺԽĻطѹԽ˶֪ġ
ҿɣҪĻǵʱһ굽ͷҪҽȥǧпڰ
ðҪǵʱͲᵣôˡ
ʲôãĻ˵Ժж棬Щ˷ֵ˶ٰˣǶѾԼڱ𴦵ˣУʱǻ᲻ᵼ¸ӶӵĺǾûϴʱʲôأ
˶ͬĿǶ֪ôģվԼĽǶȣǶΪܡ
˵ģոʱҺǷŭ͸𺣸ġ
ܴļٺˣǶڿųǶѾֻ֪Ѿûϣˡ
͸𺣸˳Ĭԣν˰ɣ
ԷԵģȴܹǡ
ûдҾǷŭǻ޷⣬ΪʲôҪŭŭԼȻ飬ԴˣҪʾǸ
ͻȻͷǹǸ˶סˣǵͷ˶û뵽˷·ת
ϴʲô˼ѵҪ˵ȥ𣿡
ϴ䡣
ϴֵ׷档
Ҫ֪һʼĻǳǸͲڳȴĻҪʲôÿһ˶ʼ۷׷ףȴ˿ô˵ֻǾĵȴ
ҲйֵܣЩֵȴһս֮ˡǻΪܿţҸǣȴǺ顣
˶֪л˵Ժܿ찲
һϹ֮󣬱ֱȴǸоػҪÿһ仰˸š
Ƕľ𺳣ȴţ˵һЩ黰ƭǣһΪֵܽѪˣôôǳأ
ҺҵЩֵܣɱĶҹʹˣ֮һǹͷ鲻ǸʱҵЩֵܣҪôѾûмˣҪôǽеĺ¸źãҲԵûпǵ飬ҵĹһҲ˵ǽҳͽǲÿһֵܰװѪ
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ĻǶͷǶ֪ĻȻЩֵܵ壬ЩʱĲΨһıϣΨһϿִǡ
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Ҫ椸͵ǱȥڶһȥһطǾ顣
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ͮȻƣΪľԻеģЩͷۣŮӶ֪ʲôҲ۾ѾҪҪԸ㣬㻹бߣ


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໴ޣϿεʱϿܵӰ졣
֪ͮжߣǿ֪ˡ
ŮĻһ̲滣ѧУһ߸ϵģƽʱôɰǻΪԼĿ
ߣƾʲô˵ǵŮһҪҪĻǾͷ
ǿˬô˰б£ȥ
˶ΪͮķìˣǳǸ༶ȴƽ٣·Щ˶ͳûʲôϵһ㡣
˽£ȴǺġ
ǶһԼĿ꣬ǶΪǌ˿Ϯ
˼ҳڵһ߸˧˶ġ


72 µͬ
ͮǱ¸ߵģҲ֪һԼߣֻ»иķ粨֡
ЦߵģߵʱҪôǾжô֪˭һ޷ǵģǾһֱڼ
֪ʲô𣿡
Ÿ𺣸ʵĵĻѾҪڻ֪˭ƶѾȥɱˣΪһ˲ɣ
ڻûв鵽˵ҹʱǸСϴȥƵ꣬оȥˣҪֵģ˭֪תۼͱ˸ιȥˡ
𺣸Щ䣬ǾƵļǸСû˵ѡ
ϴ齻ңһڸ𸴡ݵĺܣԼϴط˸ˣԼȻ֪˭ЩСܵ˵ȫһ衣
áҲûа취ôֱ࣬ӽԼСˣⲻʲô鶼ûУֻûнЩڳѡ
ȥϿΡ
ͻȻðһ仰ͻأ
ʲô
ûɣ
𺣸˶ɵˣһ໢ϴȥѧΪѧ
ʲôİȥѧУЩ飬ҿĶġ֮ȥѧУǻΪҪȥѧУһ·ͷǣԤԼסĵطֻ¶Ѿ˸Χסˡ
ĸоǺ׼ȷģֹסĵطǽµĵطһ˸ΧסĹжӶõôһϢһطסĸڡ
ء
һľ˻ƺȴǲģײҵԼ裬ڵǺãֱֳôһϷ˾绰ЩԷ˿绰Щ̶绰Ҫˡ
֮ǰ֮ôҲΪģһǵĻǻʲô
ƺЩŭĿŽ˵ʲô˼Ҷûпޣ⼸һֱΪģڵǺãֱӱ˸ģ㵽׺ǸʲôϵҪеĻˮҪûУҺ
Ҫ˵Ҳһ˧磬ƽʱʱȴһڣǲʲôӺʣʹǴɻָ֣һ
ȴˣҲ֪Լʲô̾Ϣһ˵Ҷһһģ˵ôһ飬Ҫ𣿡
ЩŭҲ֪ԼŭʲôЩʲôģȴǲ⣬һҪǮԷ
㲻Ҫ˵ȣڿĶǸһѾŮ˹һˣ㿴ɣµƬȥȥɨƵʱ˶Ѿ˸ˣ˵һֻѾкܴ鷳ҪǿȥֻҲ鷳
ƺóһŮʿ̣Ǹӣ֪ôһ
ڶԷںڣԼȴûа취ƽа취ƽǽ²ϷֵĻжһڡ
С㣬ãһ£ǵĵܵʲô֪ƽʱжŮ𣿡
СãձģҪ֪ܵôһ֮ôŮߵİ˵ҲֻһСǲ
С㣬ҪȥһطǲҪȥܵܶʲô֣ܵܲ
˳ȥʱЩ޿ײļ߶Ѿڣ˶֪ԽԽ󣬶һпܻȫǶ˵ȴǲ飬ΪǶ֪˹ǵֵܡ
ÿ
ʱһӺ˿ЩЩ˶ǳ̻£ոճʱǾѾ߸ϹսñֱȥѧУǱߡ
Щ߱ҪŽȥģǿϧǱѧУţǾҪȥǶûа취
༶ʱ༶һƬš
˭֪Ϊʲô༶档
ڰ༶棬ҳ鷳ˣûˡ
˿̻ûϿΣڰ칫棬촩һ׳ȹȫ¶Ů˵
ʦǰ༶ĳǳˣһӣô찡
һڰ༶ʦ˵һ˫۸ǷŹһ·Ҫһ㡣
źǷʦ˵ʦͲͷˣлŮֲʲôΪ飬Ҫʲô飬ҲУĲǰɣ
һ仰ҪʦУŽģҪôˡ
⻰ʦɫЩѿһ죬ֻΪһЩϵŽģΪǸɫ֮Գƶϣʼ۷壬ÿǱٸŮʦʲôġ
˭֪ʦȵãڶֻСʦĺǲʡ
ҪȻǰ͸ļһҲлԡ
Ҳ֪˵Ұģ뿴˵ļһֱȥϿˡ
С椣Ϊѵҵ𣿡
ŵıӰʦ˫˸Ĺâ漴绰
Ÿո̤ʦȴǿڽ棬һȶΪԼۻȻðһ䣺ôˣ
ѧȻҪϿΰ⻰˵ֱ׳ΧЩѧȴ̲סЦ
㶼ûϹΣҪǸոջţǶôһͬѧˡ
˳ͽʲôϵ˵ģ¹ϵɣ
ôܣǿҵŮŮôܻϲˣ
һʼЩŶʼͣʵϻһЩҪʳô㵽ѧУУģ飬Ƕ˵ΪһʵѾ֤ʵǿ
ҲʶԼʧˣҪԼ˵⻰ʱǻô໰˵Լһ˵ǵĺġ
ŲòԼֹۣͣ飬Ҳڿ˵ģԼЩڡ
ȿȡ
ʱµϵδһȴǰһǶǸϵΣǶһˣһŮӹɵġ
һƯŮԲµ٣ü̵ͦǣһ崿ʣһȹǸһرĸо
Ҳû뵽ڣطȻˡ
ȿȣʦһ£ǰ༶
ϵο˵һ˫۾Ŀбӣֻǳע⵽ǸŮЩ졣
ޡ
ֱ¶ˣû뵽ЩһǹòȻˡ
ãͬѧɣѡһλɡ
ʲôܵģʱҸôһ鰡Ҫ֪鶼ûйȥһЩһĻǵʱҲѿ
ϵЩŵİţȴҲû˵ɶֻǴ˹Ķѡ
ܿ죬ϵξ뿪ˡ
ȴֱӳ߹
ҿ鲻ɣѵһ߲ɣԡ
ôðôһŮӾ޵ˣҪ֪ϻһŮ˯ôĴ
㲻ܹȥǸطһǸޣʲôŮ˵ǰǶᱻ̣İ
༶һ̲סˣ󺰵ʱ룬һЩŮȴֹϷ
ȴǷ˷ۣԼʲôûôĶ
ֻǣȴǸͲЩһŤߵߣһ
ţһ̷·


73 ȫ
һϲŮɫˣȴһϲŮƯŮˣڳ֮ĿбӵĿŶԷ˶ҪŪֻ˭ûа취Ū
ȴǻȻ⣬ѺõĶԳкãǺ

΢ЦŴкһ䣬㲻𣿲˵Լ˵Ρ
ŵǲ쵰ôҡ
ֱϿΣĶֱӲᣬϾòײôƽҪĸʲô飬ǻԼ鷳
죬ôһĿͬ˯ŶЦѡ
òһȥЩæܳȥûа취ô񾲵Ů񱻳¡
ǶףΪʲôһֱڿųȴûʲôӦɿôĿ顣
̴ߡ
ոյõʱһϤ㴫һŷС̲ˡ
ϵķžˤڵϣʲôûзӦһ˵ֱԼĽ϶ûз֣ÿһ˶֪Լôģǵ鶼ޱȵİԹ
Ҫ˵±ֳʲôģǶҲֻۣ̫ԶˣȫңɼĴڣǰСȴǿüŵĴڣ˶ѾСɱ˺ܶΣȴܾˣȴǶǸô飬ϵķ˻˫ݣֻҪɵӣǶ֪ʲôˡ
ǣ
֪ʣȻҲ飬˭֪˼Ǹʲô˵İ
ǸģӦþطԷˡ
Сɺ˵ģһӶһɷĿ˶ĽҪץˡ
Ƕ֪ϱжٵĸһӲŻĺ飿
õġûнʲô˼ҶѾùˣҪǲԵĻΪ̵ļһ

ʱ򣬳ȴŷ߹ˣСɿһ̣Щʧ䣬ΪǳŮѡ
ôɡǸоЩԾ˵һԷɣ
áЦ֪˵ģҲʱһطһƬҽС
Ƕû뵽гôƯһŮǱЩʦ٣һζǺСɵȫͬ
ʲô߰ɣСɻڷԿ˵Сȴһʵһ𣿡
ϻ㲻һԣԼһˣûʲô˼ģôǿŮеġ
áСЦտΧЩȴǿʼ̲סҪˡ
꣬ʲôȥѧУժȡУǿ˵ΪУ⣬طȴǰռô仨Ҫ𣿡
УһҪĴѹҪȻһﻹ֪ǷὫָʦǱȥ𣿡
Һ˵ǵкĹϵһİɣԣһҪЩ;ĸȳûҪͳǸ༶һ
ѧҪѹƶԷĻ޷ǾϷǰ༶
Ƕǲţ˵һıһ壬޷ԭµġ
֪ǱߵһȺѸһˣǸֽŮˡ
ǿֻҪԼȥǳûʲô÷ڵˡ
ֻǣǶǻЩɣҪô׾ͿԽƵĻôĳԹŮ
Сɴ˿̵һĶѾڳˣҲ֪ԼʱЩ̫ˣҲ³֪˼
ֽ׸ŪѹĶ飬һӶûа취ģҲôˡ
Է㿴һôˣԵϡǵĽСǵһŷ
Сһ죬ȴĵ˵°ɣĽǰ
ǲǡСȴæ͵ͳ鷳ǳȴЦһҪô鷳ǾǣǾͲǣû˻˵ʲôģСҪҪѣҪҿŶ
áСѿڶȴ˵һҾֻôһˣȥ￴
뵽涼͵ЦȴЩĸоȻȴûʲô仯
һĽģ˵֪λûϲ˰˼ðˣҲҽܣҽͬɺ˶һϡ
ǸоŮ˻лģСȴмּٵ˵а˵֮ʶĿ˳һۡ
һģЩԱߵ˿Ҫôжôԡ
ûиоʲôֻǴڵĳԷϾһ죬ҲǶĺܡ
ڡ
ʱ򣬳ֻʶֻһ̲סͿų
ôˣ
ҲЩڣֱʵ
𣿡ֻϢһ΢ͣСɵɫȴЩӣϾֻ֪֪Ǳģȴû뵽ڿȴľʻ档
ֹֻֻյһĶʮġ

ǳŮ˿ץˣΪҵĹϵ鱻˸ѹˡ
ôɣףǣЩŶдģʱЩ컹׷Щߺüط
һȺ˶ڿʼˣȴһӻû뵽ԼǱ˸ƣǸŮ첻ˣ褡
ǺǡһЦȴĺܣСҲ֪ôοԥһ˵̴磬㡭
ңһ㶣ǱߵȴмƽͻȻʵʲô
ҡСȴǲ֪Լʲôֻܹظ˵
ûкǸŮ˹죬Ǳݺġ˭֪ȴһŵĿųóЩͷԣǺôϤɣ
ôȴѾЩͷˣֻ֪ݱĸӴǽǱߣ֪ôͣôͶǴ
ˣ԰ɣҪȻЩԵˣҪԶûа취ˡ˵Χ˶óֻ㡣
ûҪʲôģϾ̫ˣҲʲô
ֻǣȴҲЩأֻô飬ԼЩҶпܻῴ
Щ鶼ʲô֪ΪؼģǻҪúôһ£˭Լ
ôһٷ֮󣬳Ů˳ԷƬҲ΢֮С
˶ʮרҵֶ㣬ЩģҪ˶֪ʲôѹʱǵļͻǲҪͳӴЩŮ˶ͶǵĻ档
ѾƵĺܺõģȴǵ͹һЩ顣
㿴΢𣿡ո绰˵ҲǸողſǸǶĲˡ
ˣǻȥɣܹһ顣ڳ棬ֻһӣŻ˵
ãȥ绰ǡȴҪһӼ̬ȣʱ̣˲վߣ˭ڰ
ոջصңֻ
ģҪ㡣


74 
绰褴ģΪԼ˵ʲôǾû飬˭֪Щһôݶֱӽƽȥ
ȥɡ
Щŭ褣ȴûйΪ֪϶ҲǱ˸ƵģҪȻҲᵼ鷢
ãСɿ¥ͿԿҡ
褱һطԼǸطȥˣ֪ʱһҪСĽܹ˸©ˡ
ֱӳȥһֱһŵĳȴһ˿Цݣ漴ͷҵһ绰
ղųҲûбܻһԣҪȻĻҲݱɸӵĸӡ
ǸطʱѾһģϤ˻ǿԿֻһαװѣһͿԿ
ѾһīǱߵȴҪǳϵģôûа취ϳŮ褣Ϊ˿ͷѾıΪʽٺɫ
褵ĿȶѾƺҲЩꡣ
ʲôҪ˵İҵҲң鲻顣˵Ҳ֪Ů˵ԸȽ棬Щﻹ˵һȽϺá
ףҪ㣬˹ƵģڰҹʱһڼӰһӣȴͻȻӵ˵Ҫȥɨơ˵ȥɨƣ֣һӣǲ㽫ʤһ¸ץסһ˹ⱨǡ
Ҳûпô࣬Ļȴóɱ֪Щûô򵥡
ףЩȡ
ͻȻ褸оԼڷ̣һ䣬һȺһڡ
ʲôҵġ
û뵽ͻȻҪ֪ǿĿˮġ
һӳȴһڽЩ³ȥԼЩƳ
Χ߶ѾŶ߹ʱһ䣬֪Լ褱˸ơ
ͻȻ뵽һ飬ֱӽһžһ¼Ĵˤ
Ǿ죬ȻҲ֪ʱ̣ҪľǱ־Ѹٳ롣
˶ǵˣڱЩ߸㵽Ǿ˭ûа취ǡ
飬˵󲻴˵СС
ҪǸղ˵Ļﱻ¼һȥǲǴ顣
ߡ
Ǹ¼ߣ褵־ͳȥȻ͵ʲôģ˵ݶطع⡣
ȥҽԺ
褿ų˵оԼԽԽȣҪԼû뵽ģԼﱻ˸ġ
ѾҪǳûĻֻµʱﶪ˶ңпһ
뵽ɱֻɱ֮࣬档

ͻȻ褶оԼʶʼģҲԽԽȣЩһ飬µҩܴ
ס
¥ֱܣо褵ٶ̫Ǳֱӳȥ˵ٶѾЩݻҪ١
㣬ץסңҲˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˿̲ܹʲôȴӿֳΪԭʼһɳ嶯
褵Ļ֪鷳Ҫˡ
ʱҲûʲô취Ϊֻܹס褡
ˡ
׷Ǳߡ
ͷǸŮǲŮ찡
ոµһ¥ȥЩȴǸոպô¥
Ҳ˲ʲôֱӴҵԼĳҲʲôȫ֮ģԼĴϣֱӿߡ
Ҳ֮٣ΪĻѾڷ˺һ褣Ǻ׾ͻ⡣
˿̣ĳЩжӳ֮ǰѾȥ
׷ͷ
Ǹ˰ٷְپǳҪǸŮûпĻǾǸŮ죬ֻû뵽ôˡ
ǸʲôĴ֮ͥ£Ȼôһ顣
߶̲ס˵ĴЦǶõزˡ
㿴ɣǸǲҪҺڣֱӶˣ֮ͥ¾Ȼǲ֪ôд
ƺɱҪôǸеģû뵽ȻԼ߳˼ʲô
ʲô
ĺĽȴһӿŻƺʵľʮֵĲȶ
ʲô㿴ɣոռ֮ǰıǸеļһһǸŮļһǿ˽ᣬǸͻȻӸܡ
ƺ˵ʱһ˷ܣرϲ飬Ǳ綼˼
ô
ȴ̲ס޳֮ȴͻȻع˵ԣôƵ顣
ȴ뵽Լǹǳôôɫأ
Ҫ֪һʱкüĻˡ
뵽ȴϸһ±Щʶ˴绰ô֪ġ
ŷӦһʼһֱһֻڲһС
鲻Ҫ˰ɣǻҲ֪ЩΪʲô鶼ģʱֻǻᱻ˸˵µľ˴¹飬ʱ˶鷳
ƺȴǲ飬ǽȴǺܼᶨ˵һҪ˵ҪȻĻĶУ룬϶ʲôرԵʣҪȻҲʲôˣôǸطأ
··ѾΪֳô𰸣ڳΪʲôһŮһϣǽǸݺġ
ðɡƺɺǲĵĽ绰ͨѯЩ֪ˡ
õϢЩͨģֻҪ׵ˣǶ֪˹ƣ˭⣬ǳϼŵĴ٣ֻҪôһϢڣǵķˡ
顭
ʱȴǴײ
ʲô
ƺֱӳȥһһײڵǽǳȴѸٵĳ׼ȷ˵һ˱һŮˡ
˻ƺɶм죬Ǹոտˡ
ʲôˣ׼
ƺɴ󺰵ȴûƺɣڵ褶Ѿֲסˣ¥Ž˵ϲ𣿡
ɵۣ֪ôôͻȻ
ϲ
µƤȽϱôһ𰸣ȴһε˵ǱǸķһá˸ҩֻܹ
ΪϲŮǵʱҲԽҩֻ཭¶ѡ
˭֪ȴ̲ס̾ϢһʱҲҲעҪûеˡ
ʲô˼Ҫ֮ΣҲ׼
ȴѾףҪԼⶾ
㲻׼ҲʲôҪҲ֣㲻֣ҪȥҽԺһӶٵ
»褣ҪȻŮȥҽԺҪôడ
²ŷ֣ôһ£ǿԼ˺ͱŮ˰ʾ飬ôûа취ܣգҧҧ˵Ҹô죿
Ů黹ԼĥԼ
˵⻰ѾͰצе褸͵һܱյķ棬ȴɫߺ˵ֻǲ̣Ҳϲ㡭
֪˵⻰ʱȴĶͷһ˵ûа취ʲôֻܹͣ˵һŹһΪûС
һ˵ȴǸо綼ɫʣֱӽǸԼҿе褸棬漴ǽպϵķ洫·˺


75 ǻս
ףҿһǸղ׷ģ⳵ڽµĸͣ˵ǲǳ
ǲǣ۾ǰɣٷְٿóǳϼٶҳĳ
ҿʲôĴʲôϢ֪ͨһ£ô˶ط˭ԲʲôϢҪӵʲô̶ȣǾͿԼı¡
һȺ׷ϹǶû뵽ȻǵµĸڣҲʲôˣǶԽЩ컨׹Ƕ֮飬ᳵ·
ƺɶڶ¥¥ݱԵЩʧĿ棬֪һЩһ֪ôˣֻҪֳ޴ķˡ
Ѿ˵ﲻȥƫƫֳôķ粨ǻ˵ģʱ֪ٷ˿Ϊ˽ɱ֪ٷ˿
ƺһеˣ˭ףڵЩ˿жôķǽһֱ崿ŮǶķ˿˵˺Ծ͸Ӵ
߶Ĵ׷飬ҲЩ˼ԾµıǶ֪Ƿڱ档
Ҫ֪϶صʱǽ¿ǿųȥ˾ᣬھͲ֪
ЩļһȴֱӲǳǿǺôһͷĻǻԼھһЩš
ƺɻЩһɢˣǵЩ޳ܵļ߾ȻܽĵĻ˲䱬
һϰѶǼ¥ݵļߴ˭
ƺɲ뱩¶Լģ˼ҶҪҪǲĻ˭֪ᷢʲô飿
ʲôƺɵûдǸǻµľˡ
񵽱ֵǳȥ
Ҫż
һ߾ŵѪһ㣬Ƕ߳ƺȴЩڣԼӣ֪ԼҺǸոԼȥţͲͬ
Ѿûа취ԷѾô
¿϶棬ɱȥǱץһôһ꼸ʮС
ͷ
ЩΪν棬һѾĲضˣҲˡ
ƺǻϰѣô˽ȥȴԹ˵ôǸôĪ飬֮ǰ˽²˵ڻô
ƺӦЩ׷ٹļߣ˶Եƣ֪Լ˶Ȼ顣
ǻ˿һģһѽԼ·ѿ˿鸹׳˶ļ⣬ҪЩ˸ϣػԼҪػŮ
żȥ֪ԼҪʲôҲ뿪Щҩ̫󣬸´ʲô˺ڱҪʱѾ׼Լս
ȴǴ޴ЩŭҪȥһ֪ѾǶУطĹҪ϶֮ء
ֻǣЩһţȴЩͷ뵽æ𺣸绰绰Ǳһӽֱͨӿ˵Ҹղźڿ棬˸ҩҴ񱼵ߣڱ߸ţʲô취Щһ߲Ū󣿡
֪Ҫ˵սʲôģһ֣ı֮ģҪרҵʿȥ
𺣸Ǳ߳Ĭӣƺ˼ûżߴ٣˵ϴʲôҪĶⲻΪԼΪɩӣҪʹ˳Ǻͮ黹ǰ棬޷Щ˵Ҳ͡
𺣸֪Щ֮жôĶģҵģиȴǻΪν棬ʲô鶼ĳġ
ȴЩŭ˵ҪĻǲǺһҲϲǸǻЩһﲫ
ףϴǱ߻赲ȻĻ׼ˮֱ֮óȥʱҪǮʲôģǶû⣬һᰲźֵܹȥ
𺣸ȴЩϣΪͳһˣǾڼȻˣǾͺð죬һЩ˵ֻܹ߼˵ĵ·Ҳûа취顣
ȴǵ˵ͷҲֻܹѸȥˮˮʱָŵûа취һ˵ȴôܹЩȥ
Ļƺȴ˵㵽ڸʲôû뵽취ҪҵŮӾƴҲҪŪ㣬ף˵֣Ҫʲô
һֱΪƺǻȴ֪꽭ѡ񾭼˵ʱһҪܹˣջƺôһ߳жαװһǻϲ˵ļһһֱǱߣֻϣгһտԱ˹顣
ֻǿϧǣŮǲϲֶǺõŮˣǴȻķΪŮ˶ǿĴڡ
ƺɶ֪ԼЩ˵˶ʱ䣬˵ʮӵ飬Ųס
ƺɵЩУ֪ʲôȴѾͷѾףЩ߶ηĳһͼƣΪͻȻֵȻر飬һȥǺпܾͷǷʲôǶԺд
˿̻ƺɶЩŭΪʲô¥Ҫһ¥ݣҪȻЩ˵Ҳҵ
ЩѾû壬ƺ뵽飬Ǿֻзѡ

ʱһë˿һˮڻƺûƺʶһЩļ߿һˮһ־ţǲ֪ˮ¶ȶߣǾɵӶԿġ
ֻҪˮǲҲҪˣҪͷȴҲķʽֻµʱǶͷ߱ڹˮ裬Ļǻ˵ġ
ֻ¥ݣпռ㣬һֻܹεǵط硣

ҵ֡
Ƿġ
һȺ˴󺰵ȴתͻȥһˮȻʱЩţЩˮֻǼʮȣȴҲ㹻Щ˵֪Ѷˡ
ҿ鶼ͷЩͷлЩͬС
Ǻ飬Ǳ¡
Ҿϲ顣
þȴһ˸ȻղЩ鶼Ѿ¼Щ˽ˣȴǸ˵ЦǶѾͷ㹻ȶȡ
ȴѾкܴı仯ûжϳ־ǳ
߶ЩĺЩ࣬Ƕû뵽ȻĸҶ֡
ƺȴҲ֪ڸô죬æתȥҪͳһǳȴǿ˵ⶫңѾǸ飬ôܹҵֵܻҶǼµ顣
뽫ƺɸˮϾԷͽһپһһƺҲץȥǲֳ顣
ãˮƺȴǹϵĺܣֱȥԼ飬˼ҳѾҪôʲô

˵ͷ̧ˮſţһԷֱЩ˵ȥ
߶ѾףôܹȥҪȻǸ˵ڻҡ
Ǿţȴǲġ


76 ˵Ľ
ꡭ
ͻȻһɲһȺ˴ӳϳֱӲųĳֱ
һŽͷ·ǽµķ˿
Щ˵ȻҶǵŮΧ
ɱǡ
Щ˵
һȺ˶ȭͷЩֱ۸ʱ˭ЩЩ߶ֻ֪˽йģҪȥ뿪鷳
һȺ˱ȭߣֻʲôĶ˸ҵϡá
ҿš
Щ߻ҪܣôܣûˮȥѾ˵
Щ˵ôʰǣȭͷð
ƺɺǸ˵ЦҲ֪Ƿ淢ʲô飬ŮˣǾǷҲôһ£Ҳ֪ŮΰҪȻҲԼȥǸŮˡ
Ҫطڱĵطһͷвݡ
ǶЩߣǿɲǵһֵģֻÿһ֣Щһﶼûа취ҵ֤ݣնǲ֮һ֮£ȴ̫顣
ߣ˵Ҷû˵㣬ЩһﶼѾȥ򣬵Ǹôƺ󰡣
ƺȴЩͷۣŮ˵ķ˿Źߣ飬ǲС顣
ƺ󻹲װҾͲһûУҪûУҳֱ̼ѹȥǡ
ôҪ̻ĹϵظˣȻԼûа취ǻѹȥʲôأ
ƺȴǳĬһ˵ѹȥȻû⣬ֻЩ飬ҪŪģǾʲôϵҪ֪˵ô˶ڿţһ˹㣬һûʲôô
ϲɣȴͻȻʳһͻأĻǻƺȴһеģ˵ʲôôϲ㲻Ҫ
ˣҶˣôMANһˣ˵ϲĻ˲ʮ˸е㣬ϲϲϲͲϲʲôģô꣬㶼úñļһͣȴǲϣߡ
С˼ϲ£ҪԸƺʲôô꣬Ҫлƺɲٳ֣ͽһֻͱЩǳˡ
Ϊбͺ˲ûпȽ˶㣬Զй͵ˣϾɱȴǻᱭͱȨûа취һˣԼŮһʱը
Ҫߣͬ⣿
ƺҲˣ֪ԼЩҶˣҪһۼûУ˭ţֻǶڳ˵ģȻǴʲô˼
ǺǣϲǣҸ㣬һﻹȥϲˣҵģ˭޷ı䣬Ǳһᴦ
ǰԵ˵κ˵ĿһǿߣҪӵԼĶϵŮˣ˭ûа취ߵġ
ƺһ䣬˫˵ǰԵǸݣǸԼı°ϼŵĳ̴٣ǹһ˵ĳ
УҪһҾһô˵Ҳҵδޣ˵ôܻñ˶пɳ֮
ҪģǾǽƺĵִҲйֻǸŮǰһжʧΪǸŮףЩ飬ǾִֻԼʹѡ
ǵһ仰Ǿ죬һ㶼ཻһཻǾһ
ƺɳĬΣ˵û⣬һ뿪ҵˣҲҵҽܣҵֽƺɡ˵֪ǾǽµľˣҪǣԺǻ֪ǶôΰǶôҫ
ƺɵĽǹģ飬ǶԼֶΡ
Բ棬ӲԼȦԼĵ·һ㣬Ҳ潫ܵͬɥ֮Ȯ
Ǻǣҵ㣬Ҳϲߡ
ɲոսһͷǸߣһͷϻĻǺαأ
Ҳ֪ƺӦҲףֻҪˣǾͲԼϲŮô˳֣˭֪᲻վ֮˵
ƺɵ˵ͷ˵ҽ㱻ƻ飬ҳߣֱ
ȴһͷߣ˻ôģЩŮ˶޲ȥһڱƻ顣
ģҲҽ㴵ʲô磬Ǹˡ
˵µʱ򣬻ƺʮֵᣬȴͻȻЩȤζ˵ҪԺ󹦳ͣЩ˽㵱ǻ̬óʲô̬
Ҫǳɹ½£ǾнձضһμѻҪʧܣǾ͵Ƕʱӳ磬ǻ·ߣֻΪ𣿾ôΰˣôʧܵġ
ƺɶԼʮģ·Ѿͽ¹һ㡣
ȴЦǰһжǸơ

ֻһǸ𺣸ĵ绰
ôˣֱʵ
Ѿƣһϴֵܹȥ㣬´ӴǱ߽ȥôȥ
𺣸ҲڳǱ߻֣ʱ˼Ǿӽˮļһ϶ˣǿ϶Щ뱻˸֪
˼µҩҪǻĻֻӶǽˮġ
ʱ֪Ƕûа취˵
ֱѡΪǵֶΣҪЩν֮
𺣸ȴû˵ʲôҪôСûа취Ժôų찡
ܿ죬Ǹ˾͵⣬ǽŸ򿪣ǸһϴŰߵ˳ǵǰ
ϴ󡣡
ֱ֮ժԼߣЩȣҪǲͣһĻ˺ֵƣڵȴѾԡ
ã·ɡֱ·˶ɿ·
ֻǻƺڿһʱ̲סԼһۣȻοЩʲôã˻ҪԼʵ
ģҪǽȥĻǻչ˺ãǻеġ飬ҲãǼµ飬пܲҪҪʮ춼Ը㶨
Ҳ֪˰Լȥǿ϶Ҫʲôοһ¶ԷĲźãҪȻǺ׾ͳ顣
˭֪ǸȴһȵĿų˵ϴ⻰˵ģֵҪΪûлᣬĻᣬ˶ʲô飿
ƺ⻰ȴǿ˳һۣôһʲô˸
ãҲ˵㲻֪飬;ģЩ𺣸˰ɣ
С˵ûʲô֣ԵֻԺ˱ض᳣ġ
Ѿ˵ˣҲ׸ôҾһĽţʲôˣʱҿЩ˳ɧŽС㣬һʱ鼱飬ǳԵӡ
⻰Щߵڳ˶̲סΪ𺣸Ȳʣһڱֵͳ
ʱЩýҪ˵ʲôǶûа취ϾЩ飬ԼŻ֪


77 褵˼
á
ֱӴߺȥƺҲȥҪǲЩôùģĶʡ
ϣҵֽŰ
Щ˵бӦģЩߣԺ͵ųηɣ
˵־ʹǡ
ȥģִ㣬ǲټҵһİȥоȻ
һȺ˶ڵϰǶǸոձ򷭵ļߣһۿȥҲطжʮˡ
ߣǵǺˣҪ絽˵ĻǻժԼߣ
ڳЩ߶ˣǿ֪һжôײУǸ˵ղˮǳǶû֤ݣʹƬʲôģǶǱ˸顣
ƺɿ˵׼תУЩ˵Ժеʱ棬쾹ȻôԺ͵ҹɣ
ƺһ仰ΪԼ뿪̵棬Ҳ֪ԼҪߵĺͻأĻǿ϶´ʲô鷳ôһ仰ǾͲͬ
ڻƺɣȴ̲ס̾ϢСһ˲ţǿϧȴڵŽ£ҪȻĻǻǿԷԼµġ
ܿ콫ԼϧӵһȥԼŮ˵ļһôԼŮ˵ߣǺ׾ͻ顣
ȻǼ򵥣Ҳֱ֪ӱЩµķ˿ﳤȥزб
ƺɴЩȥ飬һ·ϵЩʲôǱ𺣸˸Ūûʲô©
Щ˶Ҫͱ˸ߣǳȴֱԨһ绰ǾʲôûжʣЩһŲƽôĹƽ
ҲûȥһطææȥǷ䣬½º˶ʲô
˿̣ǷѾֹͣǹص췿˵¡
ꡣ
ű򿪣һֻ񻬣ʤѩֳ֮У漴ᵽⷿһƬ֮
ЩȴǰסԼģ֪Լ¸ҡ
ŵǽ£ֻһԡؿںβڵסĲλֱչֳһ˫óһ޳ȣϺͲ糺ӡǣвݮ
Ҫ˵˿̳ûʲô嶯ǶٵģȴһĸԼӣ˫ȶڷĽ£˵ܿˡ
쵰µ˻ƣɫһƬ糺죬Ҳ֪Ǻߣŭ
ظε˵Ҳûа취Ҫ»ٵһֱȥҽԺ
ߣ㻹ԣ㿴ɣҲһΨһһô뿴һŮһģ
Ҳ֪ʲôЩƤ˵һֱСԼԼʲôÿĶ˭֪ȴһȥ褡
˿һڴϣ˶Ϻһͨ죬ϸһԡҪĲλڵס
˿̵褴һ˵ɢƣϢóмֵǺˮոǴżջУźؿǸʵĴ֣߱Ƚ¸ϲ٣ԡǿסΣóͷԽԽƺҪſһķ⡣
Ľ¸ǿųĶϸջ󣺡Ұǿ36DǸоΣǿ㹻ʮ꣬ǰŮˣԺһԼӰɣ
⻰ʲô˼Լ֪ȴ̲סʿˮ⻰֮û͸¶٣˵ȴǿԽնôһģЩɫĶԽºǳң
Ҹң˵Ҳ֪Ů˰ҺˣҪǳǸ㣬һξͿŮ˶ôķҾͲȥ˵ڶǸʱ򣬻һĽӣôܣ
ҪŪ褣ҪԼôһŮˣȻҽԼˣβί
ҿɣ
ȴɵۣ˵ҺŮ˶ûʲô˵㶼ţҺĵĴμɣӦǵĴΣϲˣ
һȣȴϲ㹻ģôһϲңʵǲǴġ
˭֪Ժʲô飬Ҫң㲻ܹٺһҪȻ㿴˵
Щŭһε֮󣬳һʲôû˵ʲô
Ҳ֪ԼһЩ֣鶼ȥˣǻ׷Ҳûʲô˼ɣ
ԳŽ˵ˣУҲһ˵İɣ
ߣҷģҾǲģһȳȥŮ˻ûлԹȥڻüǵĻҪ˵˵ҵˣԺ˶ûйϸҾһ䣬ӦǲӦ
Ů˰ԵûбߣҲûҪ褷ʲôʹĵͷ˵û⣬ҲʿһһڶԸңʲôûЩһңҲ֪ʲôġ
ȴŭĺܣ֪ЩһĺҪġ
Ļµ˵ͷ˵û⣬ȥɣ
ֱӳȥˣֻǳȴûз֣ߵʱ۽ˮ䣬Ҳ֪ĿƣΪĻ
ȥ֮󣬿֣µĸһ֮ǰûĸһΣȴǸоƺʮֵĲ
ҲųƬҵһ֮мǿ㣬ֻ̫棬ַֺϺе
߳ȴǿǱ۵˵֪ˣҪǰװ
ôֵģ
˫ۣ˿ٺɫͷԵøλղųҲô±¸ǳ⡣
˯ŵ˻𣿡Щ˵ȻĵȴҲԼôһ֣ղźŮѾйΪܵĹϵ˭Ů˵Ҫȫչǰ˻Ϊʲôˡ
Ȧ̫ķ꣬˭ףνİ飬ҲǱ˴˿ԳñвеģҪȻǱ˴˶ܲϣƺزС˵㣬βûô̡
Ҳ¶ģһεԼҪҸúõĽĸﵽ״̬ǡ
ûҪʲô˼ֻ룬Ϊʲôһ޷أ
ⴿŮ˵֪ҪǻһĻ϶ѾˣڳǰȻԱֵסӣô붼Щš
Ǻǣʲôֻ֣һˣҲƺŮһ𣬽ϣǸǱЩ˵ŻģҪȻΪ죬ҵˡ
˵⻰ʱһǽģȫԼ֪ôһ֮ʲôıʹ
Ů˺˶ˣ黵Ŀ죬õҲ졣
ȴ̲סֹˣһ㶫Ҳһ㶫˭õ˭ʱ򻹲֪˭أ
˵⻰ʱȼһ棬ȵľôһʱ̡
ǳˣҪĻҪʲôأ
ȴһ⣬ղ˶ʱ򣬱˴˶֪˴ʲôȴû뵽ԼĻἤԷ˼


78 
˿̻ĳŸҥһ㶼֪ŮΪֳʲôìܡ
Сʱ֮Ů˶ˣ˶˵ģҲ֪Ǹղŵļ˶µģΪղε鵼µġ
ˡ
ôһ仰ֱˣЩӦŮ˴·ĺƯ̬ȫֳˡ
˶ˣ㻹ʲôȴЩԴ׵˵֪ԼǶԻǴȻôһˣ֪ôôˡ
룬Ǿǻûпܵ顣
ûгǵĴ׶ˣҪ֪һζӦңڡһɥģýµҲò٣Ҫûĵԩһ㷴ӦûУҪ
ߣôطȥƫƫôƯôܻûѰЩ̥ҲãԳ֮»ЩԴ׵˵֪Ů˶ԼвҪ˸ͳȥ
һѽڻ˵⻰ģ֪ı̥Ҫǻ㣬Ը⣿Сӣ͸ô򡣡
˵ʶһ½µΣžһ˶סˡ
˵Ĺϵ˵Ҳܣ˵ԶȴǲģǷչ̫죬ôܵľٶȴûгԹ
µ֬һ㣬ȴǿļ˱˵㡣
ߣǻҪ˵ˣƺأ
ӳڣ¶ûпղŻûüʲôڶѾʱ䣬϶Ҫ֪Լľʲô
ͻȻ°һ˵Ŀ˵Щ˵㲻ҪҰ
ʲô飿һӾвԤУ֪Щ˵СۣͻȻӦ˵㲻ǽ˰ɣȻҵľˣһϲ˵ļһôôҪҽķ⣿
µķӦȳĻҪ󣬳ȴһģŽ˵㲻Ҫ˵˵ʲô㶼Ҫ
˿̽²ڳĴϣǷŭĿųҪ֪һʲô취ԽͣѾ϶˸ˡ
ģʱǽȥ֮Ǹһ赲Щһ׼ǽЩ߸֮Ŷܻ֪ǾǸʱЩ߾ȻǽҲ֪ǻжô鷳
˵һЩ֪һӱô飬ȴֱӺЩпܻٵ飬ֻǿų˵Ҫ֪ʲôˣҪȻĻô᲻طģ
Ҫ˵ˣҵ˽Щ߸ס֮ҺģʱҾ˵ǽµˣҿֱ׳Ķ˵ɣ
Ž˵ǻȻǱ޸Ĺģֻʱ򣬽ҲûȥǷʲôԾǼӵԥЩɬĵ˵ͷǳ˵Ĺϵ
鱾Ǻ飬Һ˵֮ȴǺܷĿźܵģôܻϲĻ
˵⻰ʱɫѿҪǰϷ˵ѾӰۼĴڣȴһŵ˵ôôӦ϶ƭҵġ
Ѿ²ʲôôţһʵҪ֪һôһʵĻߣĿʲôȴȻҵˡ
ʱұǸмߵģҪĻ㶼ҪвһӦҵʱͺƵʵǲϲ¡˭֪Ȼ˵ͷҷźݻ˵һʲôʸӵŮˣֻҲʸҼסһƺɻ߶
⻰ٵ˵¾ɻ֪Լô˵óԼֱֻӲƺɵĵ绰
һط֮󣬻ƺɵĵ绰ŽЩȲʵ
ھϡƺɵĻýһģǲǳʲôˣڹȥ㡣
ˣллѾ˰ɣҲ˵ʲôҽңһҸˡƺ˵⻰ֱӹҵʱµ鶼Щͣû뵽ԼһֱΪĽãȻһԼˡ
оԼЩ̣ȴ̲סЦƺôһɵ棬˵ԼʲôûˣԺ鱻֣ԼҲ罫Ů췹ʱʲôҲûС
ֻЩŭԼΪʲôܹҪȻĻǹƽ춼췹
ΪʲôҪƭҡȴǺ˵飬ĸоЩʹࡣ
ֻϲ㣬ֲǺУԺǻģҪСһЩܵϴԡ
Ȼϲƺڽµߣûбɵ˳ΪʲôģµȴǺʹһֱΪԼͻƺһùۣȴû뵽ôһ֣ôûа취顣
ȴ̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ룬Ǹңոճʱ򣬿ҪһˣֲֻҪˣֻܹݳĽɫǶ˵ҵǺһ˲õ飬ֻ˵ĽǶȣҺһ
˵ǹȴףԼϣֻǲ֪ΪʲôĻ˵ĸӣζƿһ㡣
飬Ǿӵһڵĸо
¾ڳĻСʱְֻ֮ݵղűơ
ֻ¿ų˵ȴǽҵĸζˣЩʲô
µĺǸˣȴǸǲõģų˵ӣ֪˼ˣһǲûа취Ǹ
˵棬µӵĺ֪ԼѾǵڼ飬ȴǸоԼϲĸо
Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸ飬ЩΣҪǲ뽫ҪǾֻܹ̫һʱ䡣
ĻȴһЦ˵ˣ˼ֲʲôŮ˼ҿŮ㲻ܹǸΪš
˵⻰ֱӽڳĻ棬ȴǺٺɵЦŽͣĵ绰һۣȻġ
ʲô飿֪Ե޹ʸ绰ġ
ϴЩˣѾˣֻЩ鷳һˣڵ绰Ҳûа취˵
Ҳó֪ʱ϶ǺŮңЩ飬ôûа취ȴġ
áȻͽ¼´棬ȴ֪ʱҪԴΪҲһ㣬ų˵ȥɣû顣
ĹۣͻȻ뵽״̬һĻ׳飬ſʵ
û£ԼͿԡ
ûж˵ǸŮˣ˶ʶĶʱ䲻ӴΪ飬˵Ĺϵֱ䵭㡣
ŶɣȥҼңҽôҪ½һôķģطðȫѾҪ˹
Щ죬ΪʲôҲ˹أ


79 
á˵ȥĽ㣬»̲ס֪ȥˣʲô塣
ȥǻҵ»棬Ҫʲô飬ֱӴоͿԵġȥӳսãģѡԼ
á
¶ڳİŶûеĵִ֪ЩҪԣҺӽӴҲǺбҪģǰȻŮһȥǸˡ
յ绰ʱϿΣԼܵܵĵ绰ֱ̿γ
Сʲô飿տʵҲ֪ղųǱֳ飬ȴ֪ȫ֮ûмע
ǽؼס𣿽һˣ־壬Ҫý
ֱʵԼˣǲʲô
Ѿձ֪ͽʲôüĿģڽֱס棬Ϳʼ档
нô٣ֻһ¶ѣҪǲĻѡ
Ҳ֪˵飬ԲŻ˵ϾԼ鷳ˣҲôһԸ
⻰˵ģҪȥֻһֱûа취Ͼô㶼ڣǸ֮ãҺһ𡣡
һ˵Ŀγ̶ûôţԿϣԲϵġ
ڹȥǣЩжӵļһﶼѾ˸ȥҽԺûжٸ˸ɧǵˡҲ֪˶ЩжӵɧˣԸôһϢ
İɣ飬ǿɲܹҪˣҰ֣ƽ顣
ܳѾô󣬵һʲôв̤飬ջǵһʱ뵽ڹȥȥҳ̻
ĻĶ̲סůģ˵㣬û飬ǽЩ·ķ˿ģǶǿЩߵֶΣֱһ٣Ǿˡ
⻰óշһų飬ǼȻĽڣ淢ʲô飬Ҳͳûʲôϵ
ɣҺһȥֱӳǱȥˣߵһʱͻȻ˵ҪҪͮһҡ
ѧУЩ֪ȳܶ࣬ϵ飬ֳķ粨֪
ͮҲûлؼңѧУЩԼ档
һɡҲ֪ЩҪģҲ֪ڴǺǲף˵ĵôҪ
ȷն֪ʲôŭԼΪʲôôɵʳҪǲʳĻǳҲΪѰɣ
ЩǸӣҽٺ˵ڹǣǷΧбڡ
Ҳ֪ڵ绰˵ȽһЩԽ飬㽫˸͵棬ȥ顣
ЩĻˣҪǲεĻһˬ
ĳѧУʱԶԶѾԶվŮ˶ԶǣһЩָָ㣬ЩѾ£ҪԸȴǱЩסһʲô飬ǿûʲôý֡
ûУǸŮ˾ǺͮˣǳĽ㣬ĽҪôƯŮҲôƯԺĺӹƶ
Ǻǣ˼ŮƯ˵ǽƯʲôϵѵ㰡ǵƬˡ
˵ʲô˼룬Ҫ֪ǸŮѧУŮ񣬵ʱһҲõĺ뱲ӵˣֹٷܶʮ꣬ٻʮ궼Ը⡣
һЩǵ˻Է⣬һЩԲеļһȴѾ׼ҳ鷳ֻǱ̫ʱǶûа취Ǳߡ
㡣㣬ֱ³һӵӵ֮ҲǸ⣬ҪĻҲô鷳ŮԼطѹų˵ɵϣǶǽܰˣñǱŶҪȻҪԴˡ
ǻ֪ºͳ巢չͮпܻԼĵãŻ˵ġ
ĻյĶͷЩۣ֪ԼĵܵʲôֻԽԽ鷳ʱ򶼻֪ôճźá
ֻҲ֪Щ鲻ǳĴ̫ˣŮ˶Ҫ˹ģҺͮҲֻô˶ѡ
óǣԼôͺͮദҪ֪ͮô˵ǱȽϷθڵģ˶ʲôĦҽ١
㣬ˡ
ջʱ򣬺ͮѾڸʻ棬վ߿ŷ
Ŷá
շԼЩˣԼĵܵܶûͷۣԼʲô
ͮ㻹ðɣ룬ջѡôһƺͮȴ̧ͷЩ׵˫ۿ˵ҺܲãҼѾұƻˡ
ͮû뵽ô޳ܣ֪ͳġ顱֮ʲôʣֱʲôʱ飬飬Ķ͸ˡ
飬ұǸҼұܱܷͷ˵ϵҲܱǸǸʱһʱЩ嶯
źͮ˵Ĳ˵䰲˫ȫ䣿
Ʋɼõ飬׵ģԽЩ˼ǶںͮżΣҪ˵ʲôĻǶٵĺܡ
ͮ⻰һᶼ̲ס䣬Ҫοʲôȴոסֻе˲ס
ҵŮǽ¡ǳһǰϽµݣЩ˶ֻԼˣкܴ
ʲôʱȷģͮЩģҪ֪һһжѾͳӡڳȻ˵Ůǽ£Կ
Ҫ˵ƯʲôģͮΪԼȽ²Ҫ˵ҲǼͼͥλõˡ
һ֮ŮһĻ
Աȣúͮĺܡ
ˣһ˵
ĳܿ죬Ǻƣ˲١
ûа취£ô֪Լô˵Щ׸£ʱԸͮһЩοɣ
ȻҲֻǳһԸ
ͮľĴӳоԼĶѡ
̲סڳն˵СôôͿ˷һǵʱ򻹲飿
Ҳӽ֪ҪԼңʱͮҲڣǶεĺܣҪ˵ˡ
ҲҪһԽֻȴǲ֪Щ鲻ô׿Դõģ˵ˣҪǽ
յǲ²⵽һЩ뷨˵
һ̣ĳˣһˣͷ۵ˡ
໢ܲʱ໢ǰѾкüھ䣬ƺǿĵ˳֡
ϴ󡣡
ǰ³ʱ򣬼СܶеǵͷӦֽԼԿ׸˵ҵĳúá
ǡ
ǸõԿ׵Сȥصģʲô顣


80 ⻼
ֱȥˣֻ֪²СҪȻط˲ôȫ
ϴáЩæԼ飬ǿ֮һվеǴ
һͷӦ鲻ãȴǲԼ˷йһŵ㣬Ҫ֪һãǾǳԼ·йԼˬ˵ģ޹ȴǵù
뵽ʱ򣬸𺣸˶ڱƴһ㣬˵ɡӣϺ͵ϵЩͷ֪ѾɵһҪԼһ㣬ţ˿ֱܻӸɵһпܡ
鷳ңô˾Ǳ˸һ˵٩˵ϲա
ϴ㿴ⶫ˵ɣ𺣸óһƬӸ
ӹûżȴ򿪴֮ŴǵƬжʮţÿһŶͬлˣҲˣ֪ЩƬʲôˡ
һ¡˵
һţ򽣰ϴǮͳоֵһֳڶеĳ̹ͻĵýܱ棬ֻϴ㶼ϲǸ̹Ĵ󲮰ֵܹϵ
𺣸һȥüͷĸӽû뵽ôһϾ
𺣸ʱ򣬳Ѿ֪ӦþҺļһģĿȻΪ档
ֻ֪֮ȴǸоЩ޼ƿʩģҲ˵һ̳һ̣һ飬벻ףǾֻܹˡ
ʱ䣬˶Ĭһһ
ҪЩһһǶа취Ըڲ˵֮һ򽣰˵̹˺ܲ򵥣Ѿ쵽ֻʱ̻סˣ˭֪ûа취ס̫ʱ䣬ϾЩ飬˭֪ġ
ڵȼ̵ʱ򣬳ʵʲô𣿡
һƣҿ뵽飬Щȴ뵽ͿģԷҲһʱǣҪ⼸죬Щ黹ûɢֻ򽣰˶ѾǶˣǵ˻ûвΪЩ۵ҵ˶ֱͶ򽣰Ǳȥˡ
𺣸˵ûֳʲôȻϴҪȻ棬ڵȴôѵʱ򣬲ÿһ˶һģǵڲˡ
Щߵж٣ھʱѾ뵽ôһˣֻȴǲ֪ЩԸ˻ж١
֪˶ֻῴǰ棬˭⣬Ҫ֪ɲǿԵԵġ
ĳɣЩ˵Ϊ˽˸ڹȥֱֽʮңҲһȺ˵ôһǮǵĵ̶ˣߣЩлЩɵ˸ǶֻҺѾзֻļѡ
𺣸˵⻰ʱЩңҪԼɵֵΪôһʧصĻԼ֪ôˡ
ϸ˵˵ʲô
ΪֻС飬ûǮ飬ڿȴѾò鿪ʼȫս״̬
鶼ҪԹң֮ǰ˸ңЩҵļһҪʱһֱ룬ôܵ飬Ҫ֪ЩֵܶҺü꣬һҳġȴû뵽ҵ˾Щ˵ֹˣʱ󽻸ļߣҶǣոյϢЩǵ˶Ѿ˸
˵⻰ʱһͳ̣Ҫ֪ǴʱԹ𺣸ΪʲôֻǸһЩ˭֪ûйʱ䣬¾ͳ飬Ҫ˵Ĳѻǹš
Ǿѻûã֪Щһ϶صĺúõģҪǲ򽣰ȫսĻǸûа취˸ס
ЩҲģͱʲôģЩ˶ҵļģ˾ˡ
𺣸Ҳ֪𣬵ʱѾԥԼҪǲЩ֮Ƿʲôҵġ
˼ǿǵƽ֮ȴû뵽黹ûƽȣ߾ͳ¡
֪֮˵ͷˡ
ĶһѶӵȴô֪ôйڸ𺣸һԼСͳ˵ĸӵѻ
Ҳ֪ѻʲôҲѣ֪ζڴҶòûа취ģ
Ҫǽ򽣰ĳӸɨǻô
ʵ֮ǰӶʱǲֶΣõֶοǶóҲûôĹ˼֪طǷҲһ
;һⶼûС𺣸ȴǺܿ϶˵ȴЩ㵵ʵ˵һе˲ܹ;ģ
𺣸ЩĿųĻôԼϴ˵ģ
ô˵ˣЩ׵ʵǼǵôһصİ
Ϊ˶Щһɾ߹ʱǵֻʮѹ
ô˵أҪЩСɿ϶˵ΪǶûа취ĸ߼ߣȴǲͬڳеɶǺ;ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
һʲô紵ݶǾڲ˻֪ȴѾ֪ʲôжһСģʲôǵʱǶһֻ۱һֻۡ
𺣸󿪿ڽ͵֮ǰΪ⣬֪鲻̫࣬˵ǿģǶǺ;кܺõĹϵϴҪΪ־ֳһĳĻҲпɽʱ鶼ĸӷ㡣
ĻͲֱ˵Ǿһҡ
ʵҲж뵽ϼŵүȻ໢ϴ
Ҳ׶Է˼ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ҺŮٵģֲǲ֪˵ûа취ԸЩһֻܹߺڳԺڵĵ·
Ĳ䣬һ˵ĻԺ໢Ҫϴ׾͸ӵѵˣЩҵûôڣΪ໢ɾһЩֻܹԸΥѡ
Ҳûа취ģһ취ǾǽýʱƵľЩһｫ򽣰ɵϴղҲˣЩһﶼѾһˣҪ³çĻǺ׾ЩһϣҪһҿɿý壬һǺǵжԲݵ֡
𺣸֪ý嶼һϰģҪûѰҺõ׼ȷĻĺ׾ֳ
ֻǣЩһΪ棬ʲô鶼ġ
ҶЩϤھֱӸңһ˾ԵĻҵʱȥûа취ӴҲҪԼýſԣһαЩ˵ȴĻᶼûУҪ֪˳ɻ˭֪Ժ᲻ᱻﵽȥֻҪ군졣
ѾԹЩýĿŻҪģĻǶΪȻĵ˵ͷô죬һǳԿܶ࣬ûа취˭Ƕûбı£Ҳûʲôܺʲôġ
ԺٴҺѡһϼŵý壬һȻǶôĸҴɱȴҲǺܶණҷųǶǳһЩ󳶣Ѹٽȵ㣬ֻҪʱ㹻֤ǵĻ򽣰ＸǿԶǸط


81 Բ
ôĵطôҲܻһЩΪƫҵȻ˵ͨ˿ǶҵǿνҵһЦܿƶôĶĿĶΪѡ
ӾĶЩ˾ûյȴҲûκεķΪǶ֪Щǲģһ֮Ǿɶûá
磬Ҫһ˵ͷеֶΣֻһνĴţǿԱٱ˻ǶǺڰ׵ġ
ֻǣҪ֪ν㹻֤ʲô
֪ҪһЩСǸûа취ĨɱЩɣҪ㹻Ķſԣ㹻ʲôȴ֪
һ仰ɽڻߵĻôϤ֪Щʱ˲֪ˣǶֻ˻㣬һϵһҹʹ໢˶Ū٣ȴǼ˵ı
緷˿ڣһ·ʲôҪҪѰҵģǻҪȥ򽣰ĲʺѰңǸط˵ΪڰĵطϴòҪԼȥҪһЩȥǸط̶ѨҪһǾпܳ
𺣸˵ıȽϳ󣬵ȴҲָһط֪Լô˵ãңЩͽҿˣʱǿ϶ҪѪծѪģѡȥû˵ʲôǽֵǸǵʯҾûа취̡
ôһҰҺ޵ˣһֱŷþۺɢҪкǰ̣ҲΪνĺǰ̱ˣԼ֮ǰֵܸɻһ㷷ôŹЩһ
ǻЩ˵Ҫǳ롣
𺣸ڰǺȻЩȥļһﶼĸȴҲЩܾõļһ˶и飬ܴҶֻ໥ãǲϣԼôס
Щֵܲġ
ݶҧĽģ˵һֳ裬໢˶Ϊ𺣸ǶЩģڸ𺣸󽫶תʱЩΪȻʱΪ˱˴˺ҲûҪԷ̫ӦϢ
𺣸ֻǸ˼ȴмֵĲˣ˭֪תȴǳΪ𺣸Ӣ֮
Ҫ֪ЩӦǸ𺣸缸ǰѾΪ˵ȴһ죬б½Щɸ̲
һ㣬
ȼ֮δѶݸ𺣸󣬵ⶼԼӸ𺣸֮µԭ
ֻһΣȴǲò𺣸ûʲôѶԷơ
ֻҪ˻ڣЩ鶼ʲô飬ȳȥתƿһᾡ콫Ϣʵʱٿ
ɲ֪ʲôֱӳ߳ȥڰɶѾ֮У飬Ǿǿһ鷳
ϴ֪ȥһطռЩЩһҲϼӷҲûл῿ҪҪȥӴЩһĻǻҪһ̨硣
𺣸֪طôϤȸ߳ȥһطóͷӬһ㡣
ֻǸһ̨Ҳôý룬Ҫ˵Ǹطһܻҵĵطûдǿϧǣһ漰ڲ飬ȴͬͰһ̡
֪һᴦʱǸұԼҪʱҽЩһŪ֮ȴǲˣҵʱ
Դȫ֪ȴҲԼߵвôӦа취õԼҪϢ
ǿ϶غãҶ㽫໢˸ʱתƳȥǶᰴͲסǶ֡
𺣸һֱҵĽɫûȥ룬˼ҶѾ׼øô죬ֻϴÿһ𺣸󶼻ʾһ
ףԼͿԣЩ֮ǰȥֵܼҲҪưźãЩὫЩֵܵ鶼ʱ鷳
ھȴûж˼ٳֵģЩ𺣸ǣ֪𺣸һˣЩԷҲ֪Ͳ
ס𺣸ͷӦҲ֪ԸˣϴСۣܺȴҲСܺΪǿԾ鷢ӳԼ
ãߣЩղغãҪõĸ˿ҪȻǶд鷳һԶԸôҶоЩ
ǿҲûа취жôһŻи𺣸󽫶źãʱٴ
ϴء
͸𺣸˶Ǳ֪ʲôȴʲôˣֻܹεĿԼϴԼһ˷ս
ǲǺܷϲİ
ڳ֮󣬸𺣸ͻȻʵһ仰Ҫʳֻһֱûʱ䣬ԲŻˡ
Ծˣڣ˼ҵϴٿǵģҪ˻ʲôѵ˼Ǿ硣һĸоСܣǲĵĶҪ֪֮ǰϴʲôʱǽȥģԼеΣա
˵⻰ʱǶ̲סǱշ
ûмϴҪ֪һֵܡ
˭˵ǣԺúûɣһεҲĴһٸ㼸ˣʱúøţҪֳָ飬ⲻʲôİһεǹϵνҪϴҪ֪Ǽ˿˺ü꣬˵ǵֵܵġ
𺣸룬ǾԼһЩӦںǷ񻹻飬Ҳұ֤ΪǱߵ˰顣
⻰ֱһ˵ٳ飬ΪЩֵТнЩиʬΡ
ڽ˵御ˣ𺣸ҲףԼܹҪʲôϾѾˡ
߳⣬ûֱӻؼңһû֪ϱŶѹ
һҪΪȥЩֵܱһȴ˼һεôȹأ
ɲΪֻŪһЩƷʲô˷׵Ϳ԰⵹ЩɣЩ飬Ҫ㹻Żı仯
ߵϣһ绰˵ȥҪʲô飬ֱЩСȥͺá
壬ҲȥϿΣҲȫ٣顣
ԥãͨһôԸⲦͨĺ룬Ͼ˽ЩΡ
˿ڼ淢飬ҪȥϰҲٵĺܡ
ŴЩ㶳֪Լʲôӱ˸ǹʹ֮һֱǵ䣬һֱΪ־һĵطڲŷ֣طһĵĵطѣû뵽ԼҪôǧ˿Ƶĸӹϵ
ҲǳɳֻҿûνĳɳۣһжҪлǸˣ֪ԼѾ޷ôһˡ
ͻȻֻû˼ᣬֻȴǿţһ˵ľЩͬϲĿֻû뵽ȻԼĴ绰ҪԼףҪʲô


82 
褵Ķ֪ԼΪʲô룬˵Ľӵ绰
ôˣ֪Ҫʲô飬ԷҲԼҶԷôһŮߣô뵽Լأ
뵽ĶЩ漴֮ȴ˸ᶨĹâ
Ŷ֪ʱ𣿡Щ˼ʵҲ֪һطʱӦһû˵ĵطɣ
ϾŮ飬ĿһܴĿ飬ʹûб˸ȴҲǱŮ˸
С
붼û˵˵֮ȴЩΣΪ˿嶼Щģûа취ЩҩһˣǶûа취ȫͷųһһŮ˰ͷŵġ
ҹȥ㣬һط
һеˣȻҪ˰飬Լ϶Ҫȥ
ŶϱȺһʮһţͿҵˡ褽ԼλøߵıǰպģԽߵľԽá
ãҾҲ֪ǸطǿһƼĵط֪һıǲ
֮褲ŷӦԼȻóԼ棬Ǻð
˰
ְֻ棬Ҳῴһʱ᲻ʶ
ǸҲ棬Ǹһ᲻ԳУҪ׼ãҪƯƯģаְڣһжġ
褶ԼĸףʮֵΣƣȥױ
ûֱӹȥȥһװһװȴĵطѾȥѰңŹ
·㶨֮󣬳ȥҩһٺ룬һǧ룬ЩǴҪãѾԼȥǲʺ֡
ûǹ£϶Ҫ㡣
ıĻҪ죬ֻǶʮ֮ͳϱǰ棬ڼ仹ΪǼǺķһЩʱ䣬ѯһ֪һط
С褼ңĳһ·񱼹ȥһӵĹѾĿĵء
ûʲôģ˼Ҽſڣ㲻ȥһ£ѣȴԵúǲ˼ңԺ˼ҿ϶סġ
³ǰ塣
λã˭
һӶƵųʵһǸӶˣһ򵥵ˡ
ã褵ģ֪𣿡
֪ܳӦðٷְڼңȴǲֱܹ˵Ҫ˼ҲӭĻǿǻЩΡ
СģʱǸӶƺһʲô˲õ飬Щ죬ʲôǵ˵ͷ
úãԵһ£Ϊ֪ͨһС㡣Ǹ˻ﻹû˵ͳȥȴǸоԼطЩǣǸоʲô鳬Լϡ
˵㾹ȻҵҼ
ʱһСȴͻȻһһԼЩӡǲǸʲôΰǿ
뵽뵽褺ΰǿܣԼôһ¡
Ŷôӭ𣿡Ƿʰļһǿûжٺӡһȫȱۡ
ߣӭҲҵŰݷãޡΰǿ˵ʱֱӽŸ򿪣Ҫͳ
ȱۣҲ֪˼ҵļſСӣһ˵Ҳ鷳ģأ
ʲôҽ㣬ҿǴͬ⡣Ҫǳû˵飬ΰǿҲֻЩŭȴǳȥҪŪģ
ҿʲôֻһЩ飬Ҫʲô
֪һʲôǵѡܣҪĸҵ˼ſڴ˵ĻֻҪݣΪѰʲôġ
ס֡
ʱһӢ˳ȵΰǿͷųȥ񱼵Ĳһ˿ȴǲҶ
޺޵ȴóЩԼֲŮˣҪӣ
褵ˣǸ˺ȵĿų˵ģǽԼĶһ㡣
ĺ󱳶Щʲô
壬ãҽðݷãˡ˵ҹһΪһס˵ĸоԼ뻢һ㣬оûа취˵
Ҫ֪ô˵Ļ϶ֿտһΰ
úã˾ͿԣǸѾͷڳ󣬿
ʤƶҪȥֱ֪֮ӽǸƵûа취ԼǸ˲ĵŮȻҲңôԲڳأ
ֻʤƿųҲмֵϤĸо֣ͻȻʵǲǳ̻Ķӣ
ʶҰ֡⻰ȫװģˣôܻûչ氡
ֻڲļȽϿƣҲʲôͻҲûʲô޵顣
ҪȻĻǳҪҵŶûа취
ã̻Ķӣֻ㲻Ǻͽ£
ʤƵɫЩѿҪһһ̤϶Ҫһﶼʶ
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Ŷû£¥ϣȥʤЩʧСӸĸо㲻Ȼ̫˵ȴҲһ˲š
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֮ǰһûУȴͻȻðһһ˸ŴȻҪԳ̼ңСôͻأĳֻ֣һҪʲôǱߵĳ̼ҲһȣҪ̡
ʤƾôһѾһѵĶȴǲطţǸһͲǲһΰǿҴҵĳȥ
֮ΰǿȴЩĿʤʵ֣ô쵰ķİҪ֪Ҷܹȥ
Ŷ˵Ҹô죿ʤƿԼСһ˵漴תȥ˵ҲˣòһҸ㣬СӽˣҪȻҸһ㣬Ҵȡ
ʤƻţֻҪûһжпܣŮҲ˭飬ҪԼһ£ֳʲô
ΰǿȴǺܲȴҲ֪ԼһҪǸֳʲô飬ֻҪȣǲĵվԭŭһ
ߵ̨æһ䡣
Һһոտˣŵ֪ʲôط
ۿۡ褷ʱ˿̻ڻ·Ҫˣ·ûѡã˿Щ˵˭
ҡͳȴһУû뵽ô죬ȴæ˵ڴһ£ڻ·
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83 ˵
ҲЩΣǸ߹ԼŮ˵˽⣬Լߵʱ褾˯ôʱ䣬Ƕ𴲡
˭֪ȴ·ûлã⻹ԼʶǸˣһ飬ܲԾ
Ҳû뿪ȥʤƶţʤǱоԼǵŰݷõŮ
ô찡
һôôٵģҪʲô·أ
ǰ͹̵֣·ģΪʲô߶һЩзûа취չֳŮ˵·ʱ١
ȴץʮֵż봩ƯƯԼеչֳȴҲʵ·
ϲ˸忴·ʮֵıأ˵͵·ȹӶûж
ʱ˽Щ·ֶԷЩ·Ȼ㱣أȴҲ㱩¶˻һЩ嶯ȻԼɣ
һʼΪܿԷͻվŵģǶʮ֮ȴֱӱۣ֪ҪȵʲôʱҪ֪ǸŮ˺ûʲôڣΪ˼Ǹ
ʲôʤڴ棬µΰǿʵҲǹģҪǳҶŮֶţǵʱǱŮУǱƻ飬Ѿøô
ƺڻ·ΰǿ˵⻰ʱ̲ס鴤ôû뵽ԼĽ̬⻰ʤ̲סпŮΪüݡ
֨ѽڳҪ˯ŵʱ褵ķŲ򿪣ŪҲ֪Ƿ棬Ū㶯̽һ¡
Ǹõȡ褿ų˵˿̳ӶҪ͹ŮҪʲôôôһĶһ׺޳Ưȹӣķ欶չֳҪ褵ļ棬뿴Ů˵ǲĺͽ˵ôϡ
Ư𣿡˵⻰ʱ򣬻תһȦӣһֱԶۿΰǿȴɵۣǹʱҪԼĽ㴩ĶǲϣǽʲôȻ飬ѵǰ
УҲܹý˵ħצ棬Ҫ֪˵ʲô鶼ĳġ
ƯֱŮһϣ·Ǳζ
Ҳɵ˼Ļ·Լ˵ƯֻǴҲ̸飬ֱӱ˸ϳȥпܡ
ɵ飬ôܻ
ֻҪƯͿԣɣ褵ܺãϵЦڳ֮Ǿһֱûֹͣ
ֱ߽褵ķ䣬Ĳͬ褵ķ䣬ǸǺһģǽ֮طȻǷۺɫģһаż
ۼĳһӱϵĶȥʶ˵36D˵֮ЩڣòƸĺܱ
褲뵽Լոջ·ʱֱóЩBra֮ĻȴΪҪȥЩûзźãɫ糺æתŸϣ߹ȥ¹档
ףΪʲôЩȥźãȥŵأ
Ҳˣſ褵·ǱȽϱصͣЩ죬Ҫ֪ڵЩŮˣȴǺ޲ýԼȫѸ˼ҿǰȴǴ˱أƺԼʿЩŮͬ
ˣȴҲ͵ĺܡ
뵽ŸоˣҺԼûɫҪȻĻֻǱŮ˸ס
㲻ϲ·˵оԷƺЩ˼
ǡǡ褶֪ԼôشҲ֪ʲô
ɣҪо褺Լӡ֮кܴĲҪ֪ͬһˣΪһˣһôôĸı䣬ֻһʱ䰡
Ҳ褶ҪԼˣ֪ԼΪʲôǺ飬ΪʲôԼߣôε
褵˼ǲ֪ģǵԼһĿģǾǺѰ
ҿ𣿡褵Ĵ˵ⷿ澹ȻûһŵӣǺܹ顣
褺ɬĵͷ˵˿СŮ˵̬óЩˡ
һ¥Ĵ档
ʤЩĿΰǿʵ㷢ʲô
ҪΪʲôģҪȥԼŮʲôˣҪıһ˸µĻҲҪñ׼
㷿ƺЩҲԣ·Ҳûô졣
ΰǿ˵ʤȴЩŭĵһ˵²࣬ҪǸ㻹ĻҴȣҲҪ֪˵ʲôҪ֪ʲô
¸ĸģʤҲǺһĸһԼŮ˸ϡ
Ǳһ㸸׿һ㣬ҪһϾϣǳ飬ϲһڣԼŮǰ͹̣ò˭ҲԽ˵˼ס
ΪҪǣ⻹ǵһԼңҪһˣǶ֪ʲôʱ
ʤΪ褵飬Ҳǲġ
ΰǿɲ֪Լӵ˼ȥߵǰտ褷ſڣҪĶ

ͻȻ洫һЩͳΰǿҧԼֳˣԼȴ㣬ôԺһȡ
ǸޣŽȥٷӣŮ˵ĵܵܺӶ棬ҲôΪطҡ
ʵϣ˿һȴΪԾŽгģû뵽ȻҪԼνľ˺
ôҪǿԵĻԺͺúú˺ͨƽƽҶΪשߣֹͬѡ
Ҳо𺣸˵ĶԣÿһЩطԼĴˣھߣԼʶľֻ褣ֻܹˡ
ҵİæԼߵĳ֣϶ȥʱ˫Ϳ໥ӦҲô鷳
ҿһ¡Ҫ֮ǰ飬褿϶붼ľܾȴ֪Լͳһûᡣ
˵ҲѾ֪һЩǸ໢ȻǰɣڶѾһЩĴ鶼Ҫԣ˵ѾһҵǰЩ⣬Ͳţôһ֯
֪ҪʲôԼһֱȥʱԼ߸ͨ籨ţĻһȽ鷳飬ҲΥԼԭԼͰ첻
ȻԳЩøУȴҲᱳԼʹԼȻҲЩڰ飬Լȴܹ䣬ԼһҪþֶ»
֪֮ΪʲôֻǵΪǶЩΣԲĳɣֱӿ˵㿼һ£ǿĻǶǺõĶڳеЩͨ˵Ƕһ顣
û뵽໢ԼпܻǺ飬δ̫ͳЩɣûʲôúģʹϴǸǶϹģΪô׺
Ҳ뵽ԼϴȥҽԺЩڵ˭֪һһûа취Ӧļ۸ԼЩ쵼ֱӵû飬һжǾĸ
Щ졣


84 
褵ĺ˼룬ȴڲ²ˣпܻܲ飬һվǰĿ۾˵𣿡
ҡıʣ޴㣬漴ǼᶨĿų˵㡣
ȥһطǸطҲ֪ʲô͸𺣸˵ģǸطӦǱȽҲȥôһط˵ͻı⡣
㻻һױȽͨ·ҴȥһЩط׼ȥ˭֪ȴ˵ҿʺϴʲô·ҪȻôʱ䡣
⻰ʱЩ漴˵Щɣ
˰ɣʲôģЩŭˣԼΪģ㶼ڸ˵ôһ飿
֪˵ô࣬ȥȽʵһ㣬ѸٵĴ褵¹
мױȽԸе·úǿ־ŽʵָƿԼ۾ϸΪѰҺʵ·һȦ֮ҵһţп㣬һɫĳ
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ʤ⻰óףԷǰʾҪǸʲô飬ǵʱҪָʲô滥֮˵
ĻȻЩͻأȴʤƵĸоò١
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ǿҵġԼҲгǳʱ򣬲ŷֳˣľȻһԽҰ
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ôңЩ׵ʵ˵⻰Щߣ֪ԼһŮ˼ôʳ顣
Ǻǣ˲ǹûκεԸ񣬼Ծϡ
԰˵·ԼĶԺ褶мˣ
ֻȴǲ֪˿̳ڵѪҪǿҪ褸XXOO֪ٱ飬Ǹһֶ谭Ҹҵ
һˡֱӸһź˿ֻһź˿ǷеڶţҾϲĺˣǾҪ˴˵Ե֡
˵㲻֪ܶʱҶһˣȥҲһֱûʲôý֡
⻰ȴ̲ס̾ϢƺԼǲ
кý֡Цȴ뵽Լͽ˵һ仰˭ҪǰȴֻһҪҶᣬռҲҿԲҵľ죬Բ
ǵõʱµɫѿȴԶԣһսʱʤգҲΪ褲뽫Լջһ㣬óǰһĸоǳʼնûʲôرľٶЩȴ̲סԳӵķ׷
һ޺Ƶĵطǳĺʺ֡


85 ֮
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褿Ǳ˭ףЩطжôĻңΪӵطʧ˿ڣÿһҪЩطʱ˶ֹǷ겻
֮ǰʲôǾ飬Ѿ֪˺طᣬǸ˵λûڸֳֳ֮䣬ǲ֪һˡ
Ҳ֪ĵطʲô˿ȥһҵطʱͻ֪ЩܵƵĺãԴӦһ𣿡
˵࣬Ϊط˵ǲʲôΣգǶȴпܻҪС
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褺ƽĿų֪ԷҪһַȰԼͺ
˿ʲôģ޹ؽҪǽ濴ʲô㶼ҪʲôΪѵľٶ𣿡
Ȫ⻰ÿһλЩ׵ʵ磿
㶼Ǿ죬жٲɹĶֲǲ֪
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˵һͣźãڿóЩ˼ֲ֣ǶڳôһƯŮȴмֲ졣
ȳԷɣ˳ʱ򣬶ûгԶ
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Ϊб£ԲųŸҴҪǳһˣ㴿ǸĳһͶһͷơ
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˸ոսȥһ̱ǵζȻδ£ȴҲ֪ʲô
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Ҳ֪ԼҪƣطԼҪʲôǾ͸ʲô
˵ģЩڽ褸Ҫ˵İ취ǣΪʲôҪôΣյĵطأ
ҺԼʵţҪȻĻھҪתߡ
ҪóЩĵļһٶ޶ԣҲǲܵ飬ֱӻ褵
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˶֪Ϊӵĵطǲʺ֣ＸԿе񣬵ȴûκ˿Խ֮ظγ
֪˱֪طĺ̨ӲǾѲ߶ƹطЩʱط˹컯֮Ϊ飬Щ춼̤һ
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Һڸ𺣸֮£ļһҪȻĻĶûе
ҿֱȥưɣطĵط褿˵֪ΨĵطŻΪֱ۵ĸоطжôĻҡ
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˰ɣֵõǰҪҲЩϣҲ֪ʲô·Ȼ治ɫĲ߹ȥֻҲʲôͨˣôֻҪλ򽣰ĵ̣ǾŮ߶Ҫұĸ
ͻȻҪȥǸӪأڶҪֵǡ
ڳ˶˷ܣ·ֻҪطŮˣǶܴѡ
߽ȥʱDJŸŮŮ˵ʲôſڲԶһŮڽΪԭʼĻ


86 Σ
طĵط𣿡Щ޷ܣҪ֪ôһطƴǸְλҪҲҪطƽЩһ
ֻǿĲǱɽһǣ㿴ЩŮûУһԺģЩŮԼ
һطưЩǾĺȾƣЩڶֶš
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طʲôҪȣҪ㾡ٺ˳̺˵ʱ㲻Ҫȥʱȥ
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ڻطȴǵһοôҵĵطֻȴǲףʲôأ
û뵽ôأųʵôذɣǾ죬˿ֶζԸ
ĻȴԼжʾһУǾǺʮָۡ
褶ʱЩߣ֪ǹȴûа취ôݡ
СĵĵûдʲôܹȣҪ˳ʲôֱһ߹ȥ㿪طܹ˿㡣
Լûа취褣Ͼط̫ӣ֪򽣰ΪʲôҪŪôһطҪطڵ£Ƕûʲô⣬ǶԷȴƫƫҪ޼ɵҪ
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ǸС椾ȻҿҪǿץסĻһŮˡ
ǺǣһʲôҪ֪ʵŮˣôһŮǿˣһŮǲ֪ʲôûۡ
˵飬Ҷ̲סĶϴξ˵һ׸һʼӲĺܣ汻򽣰̵ģǽһˡ˵ǸŮ˵ļһһҶˣǷ̴ĸҲһ͵Ĵϡ
ĳ֪ͣ飬һУԷ⽫Ϣ£ϢͨʮֵĴ
ʵϣֻҪӵ˶֪ҪȥʲôΣյĵطⲻûеӵ飬ûӵ飬һʱ֮£һڻں֮е飬ǲΪʹġ
˵ʲôǿеǸ׸֪ط̶ѨȴΪԼôƯʱҪʲô鷳ֻҪԼųƱȾͿԵþȣ˭֪ȴ³
Ҳ֪âҫĵط鿴ǺܲпᣬԼϼСģĲôأȥЩѵĵطв洦ȥʲôİطܵ˵Ҳǰȫĺܡ
λС㣬ǰϰ͸ǵġ
ʱһԱƳ߹ǳȵóЩŭǲھ飬һųһȥ
ǰèҴ⣬

ļһֻһ֡

ǸԱЩѿû뵽ôֱӣҪ֪طɴûˣҶЩ򽣰˵
Ǻǣ˵˻㲻𣿡ŷԱЦûĻʱпܱߡ
ߡ
Աŵתߣߵʱ򣬻ųһĶ˿Щͬ
ʱҪǲӲһЩֻ½ǽӶĴڨ
˵ȴǵ˵ͷҲ֪Ĺطʲôģ
ƽЩطӴĲ٣֪һЩôЩͨŮ˵ġ
ҲǾţͻȻоһ⣬Χûʲô˵Ҫȥ
ʵϣûдóһȥģǳȴ˵ȥ˭֪ǸطжôΣգҪڶСһĻˣǲСʲôã
褵һû뵽˵ҲΪҪȥռˣϾʱһĻᣬûҪһ
ǣֳȥ
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ʲôòµģҪǸŮһ˽ȥĻǴ϶һ˳
ׯҶһѿǸôƯŮǷ̨汻ҪĻҿ϶ҪôƯŮˣĺֱħջ󡣡
˶ѾǷ԰ȫׯǿûжϣƽ褳ģط˵һ̶Ѩӿֲĵط
ߵǱߵʱ׼óŵʱ򣬳ȴֱӸŽ
ҲЩɵ۵˵Χ˵Ҳġ
ʲôĵİǻԷݵزɣ
褺ε˵ȴǿ˵ɣһ͵㲻ɣ
˵ˣֻܹĬĬĴһȲţĺһ㣬ûôء
׼ȥʱ򣬳ȴȽȥ
㡭
褾ٱţҲڳǰǸ˵Ĺϵûеôһزֻǵһڳˮˮʱһ˸ĶǳһţǴûа취صĶ˭뵽ɫˮ֮оȻļأ
ˣȥɣŲҪĮ˵˫ȴͬӥһĴ·ҪҵһЩʲô
ҡ褱Ҫ˵ʲôСӣǵǰѹʱѡĬĬӡ
褽ȥֶ֮ţţоǲԾطȻûһŮϲʮֵĲ
ûбҪôذ
ֻ쵰Ǹطĳ
ţЩε뵽ʹоأǿϧǣûа취
ꡣ

ͻȻһ΢СĶ붼ûľֱƿţһУǳȴһѽĿӸϣֱӱԶݡ
褺ǷŭĿų·ԷҪǲҪ

˳ųָķǲˮĺɫСϷһСܣСðһɫ̡
Ҫ
оطΣգÿһطǿ˵Ŀڡ
֮ڣǸλǲǽھȻһţһü۵ҪߵʱȴǷطûˣбŮȴŭĿԼ
˲֣Էûп棬Ϊ褻£ĵطͲκεĵġ
ȴÿӣ˿褶з㶣ųһ˵εĽԼǱǿĿӴá
ץ˲˰ɣǸ˵ĲʵЩᡣ
ûУǵһΰ˺С˵˫۾ȴһֱڻС
Ǻǣ㲻оǸǰɶ򽣰¸ҵǣ滹жٸǵˡҪ⻰ǾһԲУֱӳ濴ȥǸȴæ˵ûУһˡ
ҿɲϲЩ˵ʵˡȻǽȥҪǶһˣҿҪҵı¡
ͻȻЦĺǲãһ˵ĸֱڰ֮ӣҲǳ㹻󣬲ſ顣
ûУٶʵҲӲͷӲҧ˵ûǵˡ
Ҳ˵ȥ
֪һֱʣûʲôЧŵƻͨ棬ԥһջǾȥ


87 ˲ɱ
ü۵ļһﳯ߽ȥǽĸųǽȥ֮󣬲ŷ澹ȻԵŮˣǶǿӶûдãƺ޵ʱ˸һɴ̱ǵζȻ˶Ѿ֡
Ǻ˵һӦһץ˰ɣ˵ֻΧȴеľ裬֪һط϶ֻһˣҪ˵˾ǰͨŸˡ
ʱͨȴͻȻ߳һˣǸһǹȴǱȶԷ죬ڶԷʱһ˦Ǹ˲䵹£ͷһѪǣһֱɱˡ
ɱЩŵĿų˵ȴ˵ʱһҪطɣҰνķߣͿʬ
ԶԣҲ֪ʱҪǻôظĻǿ϶ҪģԼҲöЩʲôͬģҪ֪Щ˲֪ٵĻ飬ҪΪǵĻЩŮҲ֡
ץϵȴˣǿЩˣȴûпĺˣ˵Ĺϣһ޷֪ô֡
סֻһΣʲôʲôҪ˵ԵĻһȥʣҲûʲôֵ
⻰вҪĻ˿϶·һ
ҡǸҲ֪ʲô
ǻʲôĿطһֱ֪ʳǸȴһҪǱЩʲôģǲ˵ҪȻʱҡ
Ǹӣų˵ЩŮūЩŮūǴӱץŮ
ǺǣŮҲȲ˵Ҿ͹ĵһ䣬Ϊʲôطôҡ
Ļ˶ЩΪˣô֪طΪʲôôңȴǲܹ˵һûüֵǺ׾
ų˵ϴ˵طôҶԣû˸ҹ鷳
⻰ó̲סЦȻǱ˹Ҳ±Щһˣ
ʲôʱ򽻰ࣿɨΧطҲûʲôͷ֮ģҪȻĻֻ˳ɱˡ
һСʱһΣҲҪʱˡ
±ɱڣæ˵
ȴôŵģΪŮӵ˵ʱЩʲôѾ˸̣ôһȻ޷ߣǻȿطʲôϡ
֪һİɿ϶ĹƶȣҪĶûУֻܹ˵ɻûб˸ҲǱ¡
Ҳ֪ʱԼֻܹճ˵ȥҪǴߵĻֻ»ûгȥͱ˸Χס
һңҵһֵһĶ֣ʱ䣬óԼֻʱ䣬ֿһǱ
һСʱһ࣬ղǩ֮ǰ褽Що֮ŶԳ˵
⻰Ǹɫף֪һɱ˲գ۵ļһǶԷ϶Ūġ
뵽æλүŹңСĲ
ǺǣŹ㣬Ǻãң˭İ˵ݡ
˵Ҫ˵ղȥǸģǳЩ˵
ġգջǳϣϾЩһӾͿԿ
Ҹһʹ졣˵ֱӽ˵ԴһŤһ˱ֻʱ۾Ĵ󣬷·Ŀһ㡣
ǽȥ˵ȻѾôһͨȻҪȥڵϵˣҲûа취ΪǴһսӽ
Ƿ޹ˣطǶѾעˣĺӲʱǱǾֻҪɵӣǶѡ˭
·Ǳߵʱ˳ϵǹǺö

ҪǷŹңҪʲôҿҼǡ
λкãҲطˡ
ǸոߵһͨͷطȴǴָЩŮʹĺǲ
ô죿ʾ⣬ǿǻȥ߽ȥ˸֣֮ǳ䵱ӢۣӢ֮ƾҪ硣
ʲôϤǽЩ˸ˣǶûа취ߣΪֻҪһǹǶԷǹ֧ʲôģǳû⣬ֻȴǺΣա
ʱԽԼˣҪԼĻǸͲô飬ֻʱҲ޼¡
ԥһ˵ȥ
Ҳ嵽ԼҪˣ֪ʱȥֻ˶ܱ
ݺﵽڸʲôⶼǲǸطֺûɫԶʳҪϴ֪лɫһȳԵĻֻ̫඼ûлᵱ
ݺĵӣһпܣȥ
ڵģһûоȣҪҹһεĻɫܲҪ͵Ӫȥǻá
˵ĻóЩͷۣԷҪԼô죿
ҪǷβܵĻֻǻһӾͱ˸֣ǵҪǳֵĻҲұ֤ԼһӾͿŪǡ
ŪǣһڼЩŮ˵Ҳ֪ô㵽ʱҡҲȥˣ֪Ѿݲˡ
û뵽褾Ȼôһ֣뵽鶼˵ã֡
˸ɱߵֱǾʮȣǶһᣬһӺǸͻ
ŽŲԽԽ״̬ҲѾ£һԷ˲֡
ڵݺҪ֪ŮˣҾҪÿǸֵɱȴǹӣǽŲһˣֻҪǸطһ߾ͳֱԡ
ҲЩţһα֮ǰִʱҪţ֮ǰִʱ򣬺ôطȴʲô˳ֵûУƴ
Ҳǽŵĺܣ֪ʵǿҲҪģߵ
ء
ǸֻǸոչ˲־ɱ̸ɾ䣬һƺ߶ûС
褣ʾԷڣҪ֪ҪԷǱȽ׵顣
ڵģݺ㵹ǹһŮˣҲ±ҧյĻˣһûб˸⣬㵹ǷſŮ˵ͣ
òΪİоΩΩФݣҪطţΪղŵǸȥļһ
˵ʱ򣬳һʱЩɣһȴֱһ褵β褶ʱǼļ·ʹģ
ǽ˼£ʱ˭עϸڡ
ʲôɫŮ˵ǲҲȥˡ
Ǹһֱ˵˺˷ܵ˵ȴǺݺݵĵ˳һۣģ¸ոձŪ˵㲻ҲҪɣ
ЩĪԼҲ룬ⲻΪЧ
ϻӿ϶Ҫһ壬ôߵ氡
Ǹ˺˵Ѿ׵ľ룬ҪŪԷһѾЩɻ
ϻô࣬涼ζҲȥһط


88 
Ǳֶϲ˵һҲûʲôֱ֣߹
һߵǣǸ˸оΣգǿϧѾˣѾԱߣ˫˲䵽˲ӴһŤһ˶ֱ
һȴɻ󣺡Ǹʲôô
Ҫ׼ϣȻҪú˶һ椻Щһ̣ˣһҲҪ档
褽žøոȥǸڣóЩңҪǻһֻҪֳ顣
ֻ滹жٸˣȴǲ֪褣ǵʱҲˡ
ôʱ䶼ûнԲҪǶԷĻֻ²һˡ
ϾҪôһ㾯ԶûУǳҲᵣʲô
ȥ
褸һƣһͷȴǿϾҪŮһȥǲһ
ҲףǿĵֹоԼ׸ֻǴǺ޵Bra
ΪͿԹˣǳȴҡҡͷʾǿҲҪȥһЩһҪӸȾѪҪȻĲ
褺ǲԸģʱҲûа취ȥĿӣһ׺ǿɰڿ㣬Ǹ˵һЩѪմȾϣѾ⣬ֱӽӸѵҲùôĵ顣
ǽ˵׸褣ζЩˣ褵ĸǿ
û뵽ոճȥһˣֱӽ˸ˣŮĺǲ˵ҪչԼ
ŮҶĶˣҪҪһ
棬ôŮڰһﵽʱҪŪ׹ȥģĺüǮһʮ򡣡
˶̲סЦǶо褱˸Щϡ棬Ǹϡ鶼ʲôأ
ԣһûʲôġ
褵ͷţ۾⿴һۣᱨһ֣ˣλʮұʮһ
ϵ褸ƿһ㣬ڿǼ˵˲䣬ֱӳˡ

ֱüĳһѪ㣬һȴɺϵһͷֱС
붼ûֱȥ˭ףһǸһߵĻԼ߿϶кܴ鷳
֮վڳߣ뾹ȻֱӴ̽Ǹ˵ͷǸһĿģų
Ҫ֪һжֻǷһӲĹҪǳӦѸ٣ֻ鶼硣
ҺãҲ˰̲ס˵ȴǼææܳȥ֪ȥʲôȴ׼ط
㣬Ⱦҡ
ҳȥ
λǾɣһҪҸͳȥҼкܶǮҸǮ㡣
ЩŮųǶѾǼʲô£˶˵Ѿ̫࣬˵ѾľˣΨһϣӳȥ
ȿȣǲҪǺҲ֪طǷʲôˣʲô֮ģȴҪ˽ط
Ҫʲô֪ǲ·һ
ıѪݺݺʮֶ࣬ЩòԴʮ֣Ǳ褶٣ΪǣЩŮ˶ûд·
ǣطûʲôͷ֮ģһ֪ĸңҪȻǿ϶·һ
ЩɧҵŮ˺֪ЩŮ˾Ͳܹе
ҪҪǵĻǿ϶ȣҪǲĻǾˡ
Ǻܼ򵥣ǳȴǲ֪ǿߵʱǶķϣǿ߿ԸܵĵĿ־壬Ӷν֮ġ
ҲЩŮһԭ
һ·Ůų˵طûмͷطֻһڣǾĳڣǶ汻˸ġ
ΧȻûзʲôڣЩ˵ǽǸطʲô
ҪǽˣʱǸ͵׹Ǳȥӿ͡ҪҪǣǾͿǣҪǲǵĻ鷳ȥ֮󣬰ȥ쾩ѧ·Ӻһţ·ʫϱ򽣰˸Ūˣǵñ𡣡
ŮĻſʼϸŮ
һ˿ĵ¶װǴӳǶȿȥǶԿֵ۰ס
¶Բѩ׵˫磬óһ۾ͿжϳŮһŮ
¼Ľɫ·еĺƯǳһοһ·ԵøƯһBra˶Ĳӿ͹Ե쾡¡
¶޳źһֱۣڰ֮У˴ֱ̬ȳϸˮһС޶չֳڶòһŪƵˣǼֱһš
˾͸ȥǱо죬ҲΪ컪SĴ˵˵
·ʫϲһյ֫һɫȿ㣬ż⣬ֻȿ㶼Ѿǵط̬չֳڵƹ׵÷⡢ü޳ע
Ŀô·ʫһۣ˵һὫĻʣµˣ˼Ҳûʱͱ£Ҫطæ̫ʱ䣬˿϶֪ҵĴڣпܣһǡ
ͷ֧ƱֱǶ̲ס㱩ˣǶû뵽һôûԣȻһ˶ȵĸо
˵᲻úģǳȥ
ҪǲǳȥǵʱǻὫЩɱˡ
ޣǳȥ
һЩŮ˵󺰴УԳɫĿЩˣһЦ˵ǺǣԼ
ԼǷĲģǿЩһûпܵ顣
Щ˶˽ˣȻΪǲʲôмһղЩ޵ǰһ仰ҿֻתлǰĺܣΪ۸ɣ
ֱˣЩһĺܡ
ȴѾֻ·ģȴЩ졣
߰ɡ
˵ȴǴһ˵ǲǸ𣿡
˵⻰褲֪Լ˵һԼѱ߳ȥЩǲ뿪׼ȷ˵ǲߣǴȺ˾һȺ׸褵ĳĬЩ˸ӵľ
羯١
ʱ·ʫȴͻȻĻ֮Щȷ
ȴʶĳǱ߿ȥ΢䣺·ô
·ʫһϲȻûв²ûлش褵⣬ǿ˵֪ɷҸſԼǸһ·
ЩյĿ֪ſһ˻˴ʲôΣ
ӸղŵڣѾо·ʫһܹϴŮˣŮˣԥһ˵ҴȥʱҪûа취Ҹһǹ㣬ɱˣɱǾԼǵ顣
ûд㽫ǹߵģڶͻǲߣֻԼҲ߲ȥ
á
·ʫһмĿųҲ֪ǵܴķգȴû뵽ǾȻӦˡ
ֱ߹ȥ·ʫϸ


89 
ҪʲôҶǣ
ǸŮ㻹Ǿ죬㲻ҪҳȥҪȻҿ϶Ҽ潫һƤ
ȺޣЩһûʲôͬǸӣҲǱЩ˸ˡ
·ʫǵþˣͣһЩˣڶڴ󺰴УǺǲģΪʲôֻǾ·ʫϣȴǡ
Ҫ֪ƯʲôĻǶ١
Щ˵ĻǳţҪ˵޹ʲôһʱˣǾǶԼѾΣҲôɵ顣
ѸٵĽǹ֧õ˷һǹ
ô죿·ʫ˵ҪȥǴҿ϶鷳Ҫǲȥǰߣ
ǷģҶʮ֮һ߳ȥԱ߻һڣǸط˺ܶ࣬ҿԴǱߡ
·ʫҲ֪ڵʲôֱӵĽԷĵġ
ôһʱ߲ˣҲûа취
ȴЩĵ˵ҪҲǣǱֻҲذΧ
֪طǻ֮أҪ·ʫϱЩ˸ֻ֣³޷ġ
·ʫϴżڴĿųҲҪǣֻҲ֪롣
ȷЩŵʵո֮ԴӦ·ʫΪоŮ˺ǲԸһԼ·ôһ褾͸顣
ȷ
Ҳ֪ԼԣȴҲ֪·ʫŮҪǱǾ̫ϧ
ðɣܷʲô飬ҧҵŮ˾ǡ
·ʫ˵֪ҪǴȭͷʱûʲôڸ̨ףֻǻ鷳ġ
·ʫȴǲ룬ΪǳòҲ뿪ˣǿһ㶫ȡȥĻᣬҲδɡ
һ飬֪ԷԼˣҲû˼Է͡
褵֪ʲôˣҲȥô࣬˴ûлȥ˵ǻȥ֮Ҳûнˣǻʲô˵ģ
˾һȺŮ˵֮߳ȥ
ȥʱ˶ŵĿųΪҪǣЩ˶޷⣬Ϊʲôһˡ
һЩȴǳȥƺҪ鿴
·ʫϱܵҪߣǳȴһ§ס˵͸ҺҪɱȥûκε⣬ȴ·һ
·ʫ뵽ԼЩȣûп˼褶ôƽ
ƺĵȴϷʼ
ˡ
ͻȻJЩ·һźһ㣬ΧȴǿȵĺЩĵŮǺҲԽ
֪ϷҪʼǽų֣ҲЩţ֪ǴʲôȴЩһͻȻ𣬶ͳ˳ҪĻǾǻɶûá
·ʫϸͽԼͷڳĻ棬֪Լ򶨣ΧЩҰһ޷ġ
Ҫţҡڰοȴ֪Ҳһţʮָ۵˫֣˿̶Ǻˮ֪ˮԼģǳġ
·ʫʲô˵ڳĻ档

ŵЦ֮д֪ǵǳֻǲ֪Ǹһʲôɫ
طֻǿ֪һЩǾط򽣰ĵ̣Ҫ飬ȴһŲ֪
ûа취طҪ͸ѣʹ˽Ҳܿᱻ֣ûз֣Ǳѳ١
ЩǳӸ𺣸֪֪طʲôܣȻôֲ
˵ǹǱߣǶûô͸ɣ
䡭
һ̻ǰ̨ţһһǿ׳˳ڳУһŮڵƹ⻹ǻ谵ǳǿһܲŮ
ʱһɫĵƹǸŮϣҲڿǸŮģ
һʮ߰ŮһͷɫٲһкϵЩעĿüһ˫Ĵ۾·Ѿ˿ĽëˮµСǣǻ촽ó̲סһ󶯵ŮһһŮ
˿ŮȴǴʽһ·ڰڣǻδ׷ظ˾󲿷˵עСסθ˲롣
ͻȻ褵ֺ֣סֻ´˿ѾȥˣΪŮ죬Ӧʶˡ
Ҫ嶯
˵֪ΪʲôΪǸŮĲһŴȦӣȦӻһһͷǸ˵ϡ
ҶڴĽĿɣ˵ģҲǺڴʱ֪һŮ϶һüǮҲ˵֪˶֪֪Զ֪
Ǹ˿˵һκƿڵĻſڳ˵Ҳ˵ôϻŮһǧǿģҲ֪϶ֵʮ꣬Ǵȥ棬ü꣬ݣֻǻûϾ̲סˣôԲأ

һȺ˶Ц˶ףǶЦʲô
ϻҲҪ˵ˣŮ˵ļֵǶһЩҪ;˲ãǶЩڰ׵ˣȴûʲôô㻹һŮͷɣһһǵʱҲ㹻ļֵ
ûд֮ǰЩŮĶǱߵģһĪ򽣰ﻹ˲ɣ
򽣰ҪԼŮ˰˵ǶѾһӪصŮˣǻҪô࣬Ĳ󡣡
Щ˶˵ȴԽĲ֪Щֻǳߵġ
ȻЩ˵Ļ֮󣬰ɫĵƹ褵ϡ
Ŀһ£֪Ҫˡ
ʱûлң֪һԼˣֻǻᱻЩһΧ
˶ӲֻҪԼ߱㹻ǿӲЩȻ
Գӵ򶨺ǣ֣ɳһֽǽŵ褸ԼĻ棬ֱӳ褵ȥ
Ӳ㽩ӲĳҲ֪ǹؼʱֻ̣аǱȴûеķѾڳ·ʫȴǲŵĽг
ǺǣҵŮˣôǸҲ⣬ǽ˵ѪɺӣȴҲҪ˲ſϰݡ
ĵЦһ˶ҶǸ̨ϵȴǴЦ˵໢ϴݹ٣򽣰ɨӭŶԣֵǿǿߵŮȵĺܣ֪ϴǷԸأ
Ļ౾ڴˣǶһĿбӣɫȻãȴҲҪܣǿɲΪԼЩҹʹ˻Ҫǿ
ҹʹȺս飬ȴѾ似Ͳֱ˵ս·Ҫпܺͳо޴ͻ飬Ƕȥ
򽣰ʤʱǳǮŮˣҲһֺˬ顣


90 һԾŶ
ҶҲȵĺܣ֪͹𣿡Цɵ˵ΧһЩҪЦȴ뵽ʲôطӲĽԼЦݸס
˶֪⣬˭֪ǳТӣһλǲǳս
úáŭЦһ˵Ҫǲ潫Ů˸ã͸㡣
ôһ֮£ΧһЩ򽣰˶վһųȥǳȡ
ϾŮǺټһû̧ͷŮˣ͵ƾľ˴Ҫ˵ǳߵˣǸǳһֳȡ
褵Ķͷһ£ֽ·ʫϵͷ̧ĶͷҲһ¡
Ů˶סǶ֪Ҫʲô
ҿŮ㰡ҿ϶ҪһŮǲİ
ߣʲôҲԼı£Ҫ֪ԼѾԤһʣµȻҪƴᡣ
ƱûУһ׼ôǮҲ̫ż˰ɣ
Χ˶Ѿ·ʫϵģһ̲סʿˮ
Ҳ·ʫϲ༶ŮЩǲòԱģΪǸʺݣⲻһ˿еġ
·ʫϾΪڳߣЩ˶Щȵ뷨
ûа취ЩŴĻʵһҪĻʺ󰡣
ΪʺΪŮ
ⶼǣֻΪЩʺ⣬ԲŻô׷
վʱһ˫ֶǹ˵Ҳ֪Ƿ֪ҵı£Ҫɱ䣬ǼʹңҲԪˣʱ˵ʲôԼ֪ʲôɣ
ڻͶԷƴҪ֪ʱ˵Էʱ˺ʲôģ˵Լ׸ҪӿսĻǵʱŮ˸ô찡
ȴЦ˵ֵǧǧô㣬ֵǶϣŮ˶£еɱˡ
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Щˣ붼ûֱ
úˡ

顭
˶ѻһЩǰ˶·һǶû뵽Լô˵ʱ򣬾Ȼ·磬Ȩס
ȴЩͷۣΪ֪Լӵܿͻ꣬ЩҲѾʶӵ࣬˶Ѿʶڵռǹ
Ҫӵһֻ꣬ԺЩһս
ֻ˼ӵ룬ţƵĹӶҲûа취˼ҶԿ
ʣǹʱ򣬳վЩſˣ־һǹ˵˿Ժú̸̸ɣ
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滹ԴԴϵ˳Щһ˵ǰ˿϶죬Ժ˸ûиǰ˻·һļطѾгٸ򽣰ˡ
Ϊʱǻʲô˵𣿡߲֪ʲôʱһŵˡ
ԴǹǸˣǸȴǺ޾⣬һҶ֣ǼطѪһƬ
ȻղųѾɱ˺ܶˣǶЩϴ˵Щһˣ򽣰ûУȴеǡ
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Ϊ˶Ҫոˣǲ˵ȴҲǵӢ
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ϴ˵㻰ȼһԾŶҪ
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⵹ǳڶ˺ĶԷҪ֪ǱһȺ˶ڲ̨ϵȴôһƽģ·Ƿɱ˲ǡ
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սΣıȡƽΣ
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սĻҲûʲô˵ģֻһſԻǺƽĻǱ˴һ£Ѻý


91 
ҽЦЦǻпܺͽ⣿ڶǰɣ˫۶Ѿͨ죬ղŷЩ˵Ǽֱ裬Ҫ־ͻȻֻ֣ѾЩ˽ʬΡ
ǹȴֻмѣֻһ׸ʲôôˣվŸɱǳûа취ɱꡣ
ܶʱΪûа취ͽ⣬治ղȥЩһҪǶ˵жôҪĻҲûн̸ȥ塣ȻǶЩ˵ļһҪȻĻôûа취ߵһ
򶨵˵ϵǹȴڶ־⣬ֻҪһʲôֱӳŪǡ
һļơʵϣҲ뽫Ǵһ仰֮Ҿ֪ûϣɱɱ˳򡣡
־˵֮ٹȥ±УĿų˵ӵǺöҲѾܶûиܹЩζ
оЩԾſڵЩȴǷɱЩǮջǲһ˿Աġ
ꡣ
ŤԼĲӣǱܲ˶ٵóоͷƤ飬ٶȺǶѾ˿ǰˡ
顭
ͻȻͿǹΪЩһﾹȻŮˣ޷̫֧Ԯһǹǿеģ֪ⲻǵֶΣȴֻܹ顣
ҪǣԼߣǵΪұ𡣡
·ʫϾͺЩſ˶Կ˿̺Σգʱпܻ˱
صĿΧЩ˶Ѿǹһſ߹
ɱ
ڳ˼ԼôʱȴͻȻɱ߸Ծһţһ綼óףһʵ򵥡
æ㣬׼ַʱû뵽ǣһ֮ȴǳں˶Կ褹ȥ漴ڳע£һų褺ȥһҪеĻ褲ҪС
Ҳһʵսḻˣ·ʫϸһ֧㣬Ҫһתߡ
ϧ·ʫϴ˿̵Ӷģܲҵ褻ûкսѾڵϣĿĲϡ
Ů˶ѾץסˣҪǲͶĻھ͸һиŮϷ롣
һʼΪץ褺·ʫϣҪȻԱðôҳ鷳
ȴû뵽ԷѡֶΡ
ò˵ǣֶκǲڳЩΧļһɳȥѸٺЩ֮˵Ҫ޷֤ҽ߲ȥҿԸһ֤һÿĸġ
ղŴЩ˵Ļ֮һТ˳ˣ˵˵Ļ
ѽѽ֪𣿡
˵ʱֱӽ褵׸˺ã¶ԸеBra
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ǺǣԣŮûУҿңһЩѣҳ⣬ҪһһһٸźĸףҪҵĻҳͷ»סҡ
˵ʱһǹһ׼͵ϮǹֹȥǸ˲䵹£֮ǰһ̣֪ԼôֵģѾһεĽ䣬ǿǶһóΪʲôȴ֪
˫ŭԼһСܱ˵ǰŪʲô飬ûпֻǾĿųҪ֪һʲôˣ
׼ȷ˵˿Ҳʱ䣬ֻҪ򽣰Щ˽⸽ذΧסǳ϶ǲѷɡ
˴˶ƣƵ˭ʤߣȴû֪
žž
ող֪صһط־ȴͻȻƣǴ̶ǳȴֻ֪ʲôҪ
Ȼͬ־⿴˵˵Ҫ㣬Ҫ˰طΧⶼѾ򽣰Χס
ͻȻо־˼붼û˵ûһˣûб½ҸŪߣôҪͽ⣿
һᵽͽ⣬ǾΪҲҪҲԿҪһ·ɱȥֻѪɺӣ򽣰һЩֻҲԸ⿴
ĶֻҪԴӮ㵽ʱԽ˸ߣˣ򽣰¡
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ָǸŤˮŪԼŮһ۾ͿŮѾ˸ҩ
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ȴмֵĳɣջǵͷͬ⣬ǲףΪʲô־ʱ̣ѡôһ׵ķôôŪ־һֱǶıҲϰӶԷ˵
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Ƹ࣬־⾹ȻҪ˴˶սĺǲס
ΪǿԱշ־뵽ֶΰ
ʲô־ⲻһֱΪǶıôֶΣǴĻУ˼ѾƿأȴǸһ
Ǻǣ飬ֻ˼ҶѾƺ˰ɣ
ҿȻǿˣֶζǿȥǻʲôأ
ЩҲоͷѾȥһ̧ͷųû־Ҫʲô
ɨΧһۣɲЩ򽣰˻ôãҲ˵ʤԼҪҸطܳȥ
ҲɺϣȻ̨ԱһСţŻйȻطߣǲ֪ǷԳȥ
͵˳Ķ棬һûŤԼǣֻǾĿųҪһ㡣
٣ģܻһģٲзϣ
˵̲סЦѾһ㡣
Ц㵹Ȿ²źãҲǿͷѡ
ǴϸоһΣյϢǾĿŶԷ
˫໥ӣ˶ϢҪ֪˭ȳ֡


92 ӳ
ɱ
ͬʱһ˲䳯Էȥ
˶ȭŹĴңǳֵʱÿһȭǻ磬ÿһŶǳҪɱȥ
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ǶΪǽһЩ˭֪ʵȻôǿ
˵˵սǾմ̼
һ첲ֱӳͷɱȥҪһԷ򵹡
֧û㣬ͷײóֱ飬ֹˣײʱ˳ֹĿڡ
æ㣬ûı£֪ԷĿͷ֮Ĺǵĺˡ
ҲЩûڣҪǸղԼȥֻһˣֻ鶼ѾûʲôҩԳԵġ
ֻ𣿡
Ҳû뵽ԼȻô׵ѹƳʱ̣Ķˬѡ
Ȼ㣬ҲҪú档
Լ֣һԷֵʱ˲䳯ɱȥҲ֪ʱá
ȴǸоĹȽΣյĸоҲûӲţһֵˡ
˵˴ζΪǶһߵĹ
ʲôոӲȥôתۼ˰
˭װ鶼кܴŵ
ֻ黹бɣûп˫ֶһâ𣿡
˶ڿǵĴ򶷣˭ڿס
־ȴһ˿ɫ漴ԼʹһɫЩ򽣰˶ĳ߿
˶ûзһʱףԭ־ĿˣֻҪһǳطضᱻ
ûиоΧһһҪŪʹûа취ŪҲҪԼһ
֪һֳʤʱǾǱ˴սʱ
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ʱ·ʫȴͻȻ򽣰Щˣ󺰵СʹթǶѾΧˡ
һ⻰ʱ֪Լ˸ˣղŴսĽ̫죬ҲûйעΧڲ֪򽣰Ѿ뵽ֱԼ˫Źעһųȥ֪Է϶㣬ΪǶԷסԼᡣ
ҲоһŵѾоԼ򽣰˹ҪĻǳֻ»ѸٺˣΪԼԳһţͳӲһš
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ϣǳע֪һţĸǿסˣǺȴһӱ߷ɳȥ
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ʱЩ򽣰Ѿ˳ǰ治ʮ׵ĵطҲ֪˭Ⱥһһ׶Ŀɽɱ
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ͻȻռ䶼ˡ

·ʫϵһ־ʶʲôͻȻ󺰵׷ɱȥǸһǸ·ڡ
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׷ǰ档
ɱ
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һȺ򽣰Ҫɱ˵ģǸղ־˵ҪͳսûлᣬлᣬһηҪͳһս

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һеƻͨĵط۾Ҫˡ
褵עǸŮϵģͻȻоĿ⣬Լ棬һУȴûǺȻĽԼ¸ʵÿ𣿡
ʲôûп
æӿӾƿȴмյ˵˵һһ˵ĵ𣿿˾Ϳˣû˵Ҫ㸺ʲôģһνġ
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ȥȻôһ⣬ô˵һŮ˵ˣϾ˵ȥǿǻΣ᷸ġ
·ʫͻȻųʵûŮ˰
һ㶣ȴǿһ˵ܷʲô飬ǶǹȥˣҲûʲôϸ𡣡ɲԼһ֣Ů˱ȽϷŵÿ
·ʫûпҲίҪ֪ղųʱǿֱ§ؿڳģҲ֪ûдǺίǸطûκһл
ҪȥǸѾҩŪ־Ů˵
ܹȥҽԺҪȻĻЩһ׷ҽԺᱻǸΪƽء
˵Ļ褺ǲȻϾǾ죬ȴҪЩ죬һֳ衣


93 һͬ
³飬ǳȴ֪ҪǼȥĻŮ϶᲻׵ġ
лȥҽԺǾӦҪȻʱ飬˰һѣҪңҪǿϵĻ㡣
ȴѾҽԺȥ֪ʱѾûа취ϾŮ˶ҪǲãֻԼ߶Ҫ鷳
Щ򽣰˹Ǿ͵ʱ㣬ʱҲѾ˲ô顣
ܿŮͱ͵ҽԺ棬ֻǻûйӣҽԺȴǱΧס
ʲô˵ϤǾ
Ҳ֪
ҲЩԺģͻȻ뵽Ů
˿ŮѾҽϴθˣϾЩкġ
ߣЩ˲ʲôȴǲͬ
뵽Լݣ˵ҲͷĬϣϾǶǾˣЩȴûа취˵ġ
ֱӳû˵ĵطȥЩʲôĶѾӳȥֻ롣
ֱӴһʿؼңҵʱĸŮ˶û˯ǾȻһ٤ΪҪǣôȴǴôó۸ǰĽºͺͮƺڶһ㣬ڿ֮ǶǼģЩȡ
ȥֱӻ·ϴˣϾҲЩ˿ڣոߵʱûз֣ſкüӵ˵ĵطЩ˿ڣ߳ȥ
ĸŮ˶ȴûʲôܻ䣬ǴⶼԿԿֻȴһֱԼԼ㣬ʲô
Сʱ֮ĸŮ˲ŽЩ꣬ǳ˵ȥջô
ջôͻزˣ²۵ȴ˵ջǲָǴŮˡ
⻰һ˵ȴЦǺǵ˵ã༸ſԣʱҲź򰡣
ͺһӾͽ˵ݸѾһˡ
Ǻǣ黹һ˭ź˭أ
ͮŽ³˵ô䣬ʹԷһôԼҲһŮԷҲǱ꣬һֱ֣ҪȻôô
ͷЩˣ飬սȴһƨڳߣ̵ͦβĴȣЩԳ
˾ɣ˿ǽȵˡЦ˵ȴЦãҪĻҲûа취ǣʱϳ̼ҵǿҰ
ɱ˲Ѫ˲֡
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⻰˼ԣ˶ǳĽ㣬ҪǺͳһǲǶǳ̼ҵ
ȴҪźãҾĽҪǿԵĻҶҪһ𣬲Ҳֻ룬Ҫô޵飬
Ҫ֪̻ܲҪ˯˼ҵŮֻҪĽ
ˣ˵ǣм仹һλã˭ȴһգЦ˵⻰óЩͷۣ˵
ֻʱȴûʲôȨģΪ˼Ҷڿ
Ǻǣ㣬Ҹǣ׾ǹ߻ŶЦ˭֪ͮȻֱһƨڳĴϡ
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ʲʣǶҪҪȻĻĶЩֲǲ֪Ѿǳˣ˵֪ҺͳôһĹȥ
ͮĻҲûд˭֪˶ȴ飬ǲ˵ġ
Ƕ֪ôһ˼ǽûа취˵ܲ˵ֻ˯һʲôûɣ
޳ܵĻûа취˵ġ
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ΪʲôộͮС˵ĶЩʹ࣬ΪԼѾõȻˡ
ҲҲҪһ£ҪǲĻǵʱҶ֪ôˣҲ룬Һͽµ飬˫ҳͬġҺ飬ȴֻһѣҲûʲôɣ
Ҳ֪Լһǻ쵰ǵϣֻᵼ¸ֵ˺
ء
ֱͮӿ޳ˣ֪ԼΪʲôôģںˣֱӱǹ⣬֪¿϶ᳰġ
û뵽ǣ¾Ȼûгߵͮǰ˵ǲˣǲҪǽһ˯
˶ɵۣǶû뵽ķչ
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պͳֱӽ֪ʲôôͱ
Ǽ˺ͺҲˣֻҪһ˶ѣЩʱ˵˼ǶǺѲµġ
ڶ죬ûȥ𴦣ȥѧУΪ֪ľʱݷ֮ûʲôýġ
ոȥ༶棬˶һط˽λϳǸȻһŮóЩɵۡ
ֻǸɵ۵黹ں棬ΪŮȻʶǸǸȳˡ
ãҽһ衣
ǸŮ֮ĶԳкģ˶ˡ
ҿʲôôһŮ֪İ
רΪ˳𣿡
Ҳݣûа취ˣҪɵ½㲻˵ֵʲôɵֱӸʮ˷˳
˽ȴûа취ˣǶĥôſԽŮƭʱǶ룬˼ȥλãǺпΪǱߣڿȫˡ
ЩһЩˣǶѾŪˡ
ȴǶԴһֻ֪ЩεĿŮ˵ãҽ
֪Ѿˡ
һ˵飬ȴûжٿ־壬óЩףһ㾭飬Ů˲Ҫǿ־ŶԵôŮ˻һ鶼ûеĸо
㲻ɣ
ⱾĵطǵһӲǰһӣֱӺͳһˡ
ȻᣬҸ˶أʿ΢ЦϲŮˡ
һЦĺ˵лл
ͲܹҵĴ𣿡ȴǵ˵ͷͻȻЩ޷Լ˸ԵĸоˣҪ֪ոһֱڿųǳȴһ۶ûпĸоǲһ˿֪ġ
Ǹոֻź⻰ӵˣȴһǲˡ
ȴû˼ȥŮˣͲˣŮʲôë
ԼֲʲôˣҲôϤ˼кԼ϶Ҫ˵ˡ
ոʦ߽һڿξȻŵģⶼòóпĺɰ
Сں濴ųмֵԹֻܿͲˡ
Щֹû֮ţǱԽŨˡ
ĳһ㡣


94 ίԱ
ſֶһŮ뵽ԼϿ֮ǰУԹ˵ĻǸСŮʲô飬㲻ҪˣҪ֤ȫʲô˸ҶֵģֱӽбЩ˸͵֡
⻰ŵһδУҲƯŮһǿ˰ɣ
뵽Ѿ֪ôˣʲôǣúýԼ顣
ҲоŵЩ߹ӦòǿԼԼûк
ȴǶԶԷڳһͣҪöԷ
ԷĿڣ˵˵һôⰡ

ʳô֪֮ѧУҲΪַΧѣЩҵ飬ֱӹ˵ġ
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˶Щ죬Ƕ֪Ӧǲôóһģôڻô
ܺãǺģһڿǸѡɲϣλ׼
һϢĺףȴð༶նΪ֮һ䣬Ҫ֪˶ҪڴѧչȭţΨſڱҵʱиõʲôġ
Щȥ֮ûж˻ῴʲôˣǲò˵ǣʱѧȴ
ܳ飬ֻ˯ѣ˵ǸƣϿΣû˵ٴΡ
ʵϣڳ˯֮У۵ĹǺ
ĸŮ˵һ˯ǵҹʱĸŮ˲˯ȻܹΪԷûɱټĹȣʲôûзӦ
˿ڣֱ˯ĸŮҲ֪ʲôȻһЩܿɰͼҺóջ֪壬ϾŪʲô˿ڵġ
ҲǱˣһû˯ѣŮ˶ȲҪ֪ôŪ˿ڵġ
ȻǺŪһȴľ˵ҪҪȥʲôģһҪڣǴһȺڡ
Ů˻ףǳȴǲ˵ΪǵôڰҪ֪飬ǿǻӰ
Ů˶Ǵˣ֪϶ͳ˿йϵһͷӦˡ
һ磬ǽŮ˸͵ȥĵطǸ䱸һЩڡ
ҲˣŻô硣

ڳ˯ʵʱ˽ԺӦһڡ
ͬѧΪʵίԱίԱô
ŵĻóһӴ˯ѹ˵˵ʲô˭ΪҺʣҿһֱϲ˶Ӳϲܲˡ
⻰ǫ飬ȴǿЦˡ
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ǵ飬ףǶԷµ塣
ҪǻһĻǿ϶᲻Щˣǳȴתͷųʵ˵ҸõίԱ𣿡
һ㶣û뵽⣬֪ôشҪ˵˵ĻҪģֵĻȽ϶࣬Ǵ˵ίԱʲôٵⰡ
Ҳף˼ҹ̽ʲôģЦŶЩͬѧ˵ղųͬѧңòõίԱ
á
༶˿߳ŮҪôͽ¸һģ˶ΪٵģȴҪ̽һʵࡣ
ûУͬѧǶ˵ˡǲ༶ЩԲУͻȻ뵽ЩһҲЩãҲЩ˱⡣
ðȴͻȻ뵽ҪǲҰôǺܶ˶ɣ
Ц׼ڵĿӾˣҪЩ˵˳Ļ˵ȥŮôˣǾеˡ
֪Щ˶Ǻ֮ǣҪɵĲһЩȨʲôĻǵʱ˭
ҲֻҪЩ棬ΪûиоЩ񰡣
ȻǶ꣬Լʲôҽܵأ
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һ˵ǳȴЦǿ˵ƾʲôҪǷӵĻǵʱͰ˵õ顣Ҳҵ˼ɣ
⻰һʿˮʼ˽ȴû뵽Ȼóôһ顣
Ǹô찡
𣿡
ôܣҪǾˣǸղźĻﶼЦʱһ˵ģʵģǾʵģǾͲ
һȺ˺ܿˣȴЦЩһΪôװ
һǿƳģǾǵʱų
ĶѾһܺõļƻ֪ЩѧǰӵˣԵʱһôһ飬ǵʱЩ
վڽ̨ϣһζĿڣȻҲʲôֻʱȴʲôû˵Ϊ֪Է϶вֶͬεġ
һ䣬ҪǵʱǰЩϺصҪ飬Ǹô찡
ڳЩЦЩ˵ҪЩ鷳ʱЩ
㴦ÿһ˶˵ģȴɵƣʱ֪ˣΪô۸İ
ȴʲôû˵˵ʦίԱҾˣίԱôûа취Ҳȫɤӣǿʲô
⻰һ㶣û뵽ôֱӣȴ̲סҪ֪ƴĴԼȫܵģȴûжٸ˸ôǰԼĲС
ʦҪίԱʱһֱûô˵ĵһվ˵۾⣬Ǻܺ顣
ûҲҪίԱȻΪһ˺ʲôǾʲôϵ֪ԷǷʲô£ǲðˡ
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˶ͬ˵Ȼ˾Ӷ࣬ʹŮˣǶҿڣ˵ʲô͵һǶɱǣﻹʲôĺͶԷأ
λͬѧҽһ裬Ժλա
ᣬ˵һ֪֡
ҿֺɫֻϺЩܶ졣
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ſ˵һȥˣֵʱΪңǺܸһ㡣
ǳȴ֪ЩһֻҪĸ߸ߵģƺܿͻʲôΪˡ
λѡңҲѡλǱ˴˵ҡ
һ仰Щ죬ǱĽܣ¶Լʵϣλ֪ұʮϲ˶ģԳ֮ģȻˣҪǺŮͬѧһĻЧá

쵰
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ŮĻΪô˭֪һﾹȻ˵Ļǵ˵ǲкܶͬѧҺʧûдҡͬѧǣǻỶģǾһһúǿ׳ĿԴɣ


95 ͼı
ȥ֮󣬵һʱ׶øڵЩ༶Ϊʲô飬ʲôﵽأ
λͬѧҺãҲûʲô˵ģֻ˵ڣ϶а༶ҫ
һҲʲôصĻɫ⻰һ˵˶оһΨҶƣ˵ĺס˵Ҳ˵ô࣬Ҷ֪Щ׻Ѿ˵̫ˣҾֻһ仰еҫǶǰ༶໥ġ
á
˵̫ˣΪʲôҵŮ񡣡
ҿҸоѾȡĿнµλˡ
֪ܵ˵ЩŮȴҪŻˡ
Ϊʲô㲻ʲô𣿡
ų˵Ǻ棬ŮӦһܰԵŮ˲ŶԵģΪʲôһֱûа취оԷİԵأ
ΪʲôҪȥأЩЩС˰ɣĻóоԼûЦЩҲǿġ
ˣҸϲʵ棿ˣǱǲ㰡
ͻȻóֻѡһƬʵǳͻΧƬ
ⲻҡôܻأ
Ҫһˣֻ»ԽԽоǰŮӦòһʲôģֻ̫ƯŻᱻ˸Ұĺǻۡ
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Ҳûм׷ʣղֻһʡ
¿֮󣬳ĥԼǷ̿ȥСɣ༶ſһȺˡ
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Ǹ˵ǺţǳȴǸоǸ˻֮дűĶ
ߣСǰɣʲôʱʲôطֱӸǶ
ޣӢϵŶٸ˰Ȼǵ鷳
Ҳ˸Ϊˡ
˶ߵ˵ӢϵսǶô˵顣
ȴſϣ֪Щǵ˸ֶΰɣ
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Ǹ˵⻰ֱӳȥȻǻȥ׼
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֪ǰ༶һѾǻʲôģĺܣѾ׼ҳװˡ
Ѿ׼˰ɣʵͲЩ˸ոյõϢһ׼ôȫ
û˻شĻȴǲ˵ȻѾ׼ˣҵҪȿǵķˣΪίԱңôϡ
ŵ⻰˶û뵽Ҫ֪ǶΪ᲻ȥʱǶȥңڳôǾһȭ޻ϡ
⻰Ѿ˵ķϣҪǻ˵ʲôǾԼҲڵˡ
ĻȥǺǹİ
һ迿ĳܽ㵽˳֮УóЩܲˡ
ǺǣȻˡҾͿЩһжٽҪǹˮĻǵʱǾͶ˶ˡ
֪ǹϵ༶飬ǲôģЩҪԼ༶Ժȥᱻ˸˵Ǿʲô༶˸Űƨҷһ
һȺ˶ٳȥ
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á̲ס˵һҪôһӾͳֵģ˭Ű
ûаǸ˾ǽµˣҪ֪ǵŮô궼û֣һȴǱ˸ķзģҲ֪Լģôһ鰡
Ҫ˵ô࣬ͿԿЩУӵ˻ĥŰЩһˣֻЩϧһô˵ǳϼŵôͲϲ黨ǲݰҪȻĻȥ˯һһЩõĶҲð
˰ɾĻɫûаǾǰ༶໨ȴһһߣҪ˵ûʲôϵ֮ģ˭Ű
һ˵Ű飬ȴƽĿЩһҪ֪Щһıж
ųһװ˵Ͳʰɣ
ûʲôģֻһ˶ѣֻⶫǰһ¶ų͵һ裬ѡ񽫶˵һ裬ΪоŮ˲ǱȽϿɿҲֻһֱѡ
ѡŮˣ鶼ЩģҪ֪Ҫڳֻ飬ȴû뵽ûа취
ʼ
һжѾ׼Ĳˣʮ֮ųҪҲûа취Ӳȥ
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Լ˶ϲȫҺ֪ЩһﶼǴͳһԲϵó
ܿʮӾ͹ȥˣʮһȶʮǳİ༶
ˡ
߳ȥ˶鿴ų
ˡ
˵ֻĸ˵ȴǺͶԷ񽻻㣬ƺѾıʲô
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ղŵǺܺЦΪһȥֱӱ˸ˣɵɵվţҶǻ᲻򡣡
͡
ô೰Ļ֮Уһһĺͻأ
ţͻȻһĻæ˶ԷһۣڳһOKơ
ҪǲúôҲνġߵԼ༶Щǰ˵ƽΪˣʲôûмô顣
˵ʲôͷŸɾ㡣
༶һ˿ųҪͳԴ򣬵ǳȴǿûпԷһۣΪеֶδԷֻöԷһ¶ѡ
ʼ͸ղһ༶ķظ߶˼ҶѾܵ棬Ƕߡ
ղʮӲŶʮ֣һҾѾˡ
ľƸˣԹֱۣȷѾʮֵʱ򣬳ſ˵ҪҪ˸ڽ£ûʲôϣǲҪҺˡ


96 ϴ
ĻǵɫЩͨ죬ȻҲ֪Լ˿ǿһ£ֻȴǲϵģϾһˣֻºЩ롣
˵ǰ༶һЩôǣЩԺ󶼻ָǳ޷ܣ֮ǰõľóһ˳˭֪һﾹȻҲǺǱ
ɲʲôһӢϵļһڷĽ
һӱֱӳǸ˳ȥٶʮֵĿ죬쵽ǱߵҪӦûа취

ʲôٶȣˡ
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һȺ˶ڿţǶû뵽ʱı£ǸˣֻܹɵɵĿųվڰ볡ֱͶ򱻳ˣ֪ô쵽ġ
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ÿһ˶֪ô˵Ǳв֪ҪǵĻﶼû˵˼ҳȴѾͶ棬ÿһ˶ӵĺܡ
ɲʲôЩһߴٵʲô򡣡ڵ״̬оԼܿҪ״̬
˵ֻһѣҪҪôš
ӳȴæֻʱȴûжٵԼ֪ҪҪʲôļûΪֻżȻΪӶ򵽳֣Ǽһ˲Ĺ򣬶ȵĽ档
ڽʱ򳡽Ϊһ˱ݵĳأһˣʲôĸҪڿ֮ǰôûŵģϾ̫ˡ
˼ҳˣһʮƯӢϵЩûа취˵Ƕû뵽Լ߾Ȼ볡ûа취
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⻰ǳĴĸ˶ɫѿڸҪͳƴǴͷβڿȴҲǳ˵ôǶ֪⻰Ҳе
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ˣһԷôŵһʵԱߵĳǱǸˣҪҧ飬˵ûܵ˺ӡ
ֻǸ߳ԼҪ͡
ðҲЩˣԣǳȥԣһ˫۷⿴ų֮Ǻ棬·Ҫ
ȥ԰ɣҪҸطϴ裬һĺˮɲһˮŮԷŮĿĲʱ
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̲סȴҲֻܹܹԣ벻ҪԼϵЩ
һķѧУĹԢ棬ǹĸڣŮıĻҪ
ϴ裬ȥһ·
һЩߵղһ·µģóΪԷʲôߵģ˭֪ſڣԷȻ
áҲ֪ԼһͨŮǻЩӰ죬˼ҵһ趼ˣҪʲô
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ʱҲպô׼ȥȴǿڸڵſڣΪԼǲԼϲǸʦ㡣
ǰٰʦͲˣλͬѧģʦͬһ裬ԺҪ඼չ˲ǡ
Цǵ٩ĻЩ죬ֶԵһ˵һͬѧλʦԺʲôҪģһĵʦŶ
ߣһﾹȻʦˢ͡˵˵ȴ̲סЦչֳһǸģŵһ˵һͬѧԺʲôҡ
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һĶ˵һӾкøУ֣ʾⲻ
ͻȻ˵ȻʦҽһԡҿҸոմһҪϴ衣
ҪȥһǱߣͻȻ뵽Լ˸ոʶ߶ԷԼͬҪԼֱӽȥĻӰЩãǱȽϤһ㣬ߵһҲڣӰ쵹ûô
һ㶣мֺΣƺ뵽ʲôߵ顣
ȴɵۣԼֻҪһԡңɣ
һȴмִ㵣漴뵽ģųЦҲһҪ鷳ʦˡ
⻰ųѿڶ˵û⡣
Ҿ֪ʦǺˣȥϴˣʦûвõëһһСڵˣ飬ܵĲὫԼˣҲ֪Ǻ黹ǻ顣
һɵģҽոģȥðɡ
ãģϴˡ
붼û˵ǸлһͽȥˣҲ֪ŮصĶǲҲȡġ
һţԡ棬֪Ϊʲô˼죬ԡһ裬ոջ¡
ܳ֮ˣȴ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ʦôô죬ǲʲô
һһӾͷɫԽԽΣ֪ɫǲģԺǹĵʵֻĻȴЩΣæҡҡͷ˵û顣
Ŷûͺá
Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôͻȻʵʦӦòǰ༶ʦɣ
ǽ̱ϵģҺǵİεǰ༶Ϥ
֮ԺϤǻΪĹϵҪȻ˶ûжк
ͳôʶİһȴͻȻʵĲ֪ôйϵģҪ֪һһ㶼ôѧУ档

˵ͳʶ鶼ЩЦݣ˵̲סЦ
ôɵɣ֪㲻ʦ㣿ʦģһᣬȴǳµϢ˶Ϊ֮Ĳ֪ʲô񡣡
˵飬һһӦţţȴ̲סЦˡ
飬Ҳţʵˣһոմ򣿡
鿴ŵһʵǲ֪
˵飬һȴѽһ˵Ҳˣȳȥ·ƵƵ㿴


97 ôë
һǷһӾܳȥˣֻƵЩ죬ǸȴȻĶĸоǳһ໥֮УʱǼĲˣǿڹʱӶҪ
鲻ϲ˶ȴСԼ׵Ӱ£ϲ˼ĳ۷Ź⡣
ԡ棬˽ս
Ҫأ
ǲ
ǰһʳ¯뵽˶ŮЩصĶǶмֺ棬޹غʲôڲٵ顣
Braѹ棬ǳһ۾Ϳ34DĶڿڵŮôô
գѡ񰲰ϴ裬Ϊ빼Σ˼֪Ҫϴʱ滹µ£ȻûκεﶣһǶǮ޷ģҲôˡ
ֻǣʱ򣬳ëʱȴǲСĽëڵŪʪˡ
ˡ
Ҳ֪һԼõģæ˵ʦһëҿõģҲСĽëŪʪˡ
غֻǴ˿̵ȫעĿƵҲûʲôΪԷһģ˳ھ˵ɫġ
һŮëһϴõģһǲȽصĵطõġ
ոϴ裬һõëǱӵԼȥˣһӵëǺµëһҲǱŪϵİɫë
ǰɫģҲûж룬ֱǰɫë͹ϣһǱϴ֮ǽϡ
ʮ֮󣬵һˣϻӵĶЩϵ·Ҳ֪·ֻܹЩߴù
·ˣǶߴ磿
һǲԡʵȴûʲôӦΪȫעĿƵ
ҲҺʦԢҪȻ֪᲻ʲôֲ顣
ġ
ıȽϸߴϲġ
á
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ĶеΪ·źÿ
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Ÿһ죬ϴĲ࣬·ý漴ѸٵĹš
ҺˮǾӸڵסҪȻһ迴֮еĶֻǻ˶Ρ
Լϵ·Щ棬һһʲôأ
֪һŮǲΪڿصĶղŵһȥʱΡ
һˣΪߵȻܹ磬ֻ̧ܹͷ˵
ֻǵһɫëʱ˶оˣ֪Լô˵ĵȴޱȵĹ죬һӼͰ͵ʵ㡭㡭ôðɫë
ڲĳЩ׵ʵղҲǽëŪϣŪʪëʪ㣬߰ɫİ
⻰һ˵˶ɵˣԼģǾҲܹԼëǿԼǸطģȻȻ
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ˣ
ЩɵۣõϴõëҲô󶯾ɣ
Ҳ⣬Ů˶һЩнģϾҲԼԡ
ֻͬΪŮ˵ĵһȴˣȻ֪ܶŮë飬ų˵ȽȥԼͷһ£ȥԷ
Ŷ
ҲоԼһֱ鲻ôʣֱӽ˽һˡ
֮󣬵һͻȻðһ䣺Ǹɵӡ
ʲôҲֱղֻһܵĴ̼̫ˣϾһ뵽ԼǵطĶڳϣȵĲС
һȴǶһĶ˵ʦҺ֪һܡ
ȴǼһæ̽ͷæ˵û¡
ŶֻȥͷˣſŵһǿջЦ˵֪ʲôܰղǸôҵëѡ
ҪϴõëʦôӦһЦȻԶɵˣ֪ôһȴǴϵġ
ʦ
һȴͻȻ󻷱һ
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á
鿴Ů淺һЩǿԷźòôǻ˰ɣ
ò˵ʱ˼ǱȽϵġ
ٶȳʱ͵һȴǸ˼˵˵ЦЦ
˭ܹϣŮ˶Ӱ󣬾ڵһ˭֪ڼ֮ǰһأ
˵ʲôʵЩǰŮˣһͿȻ
Ҫ֪֮ԿҲΪǶ̾ý飬طŮȴһӾͱɼʮһ㣬һ²ѧϰİ
Ŷ˵飬ˣôôİ鿴ųЩԾôû뵽һĵز
ȻˣʱڹûԾ򡣡
⻰ûдʱڹʱЩȥŮˣȥȻ͵ĵز
ðɣбµ˰
һ仰ǹ죬һʱͷԡ
˵ˣȳԷɣҲûгԷ
һĻóһ˵ãŶٷӰѾˡ
˼ҵ飬ҲȥʲôЦ֪λŮҪʲôأ
˵ɡɫѾָֻʱǲ֪ԼҪʲôǺģղϴ趼ҪȥԷˡ
ǺǣĻǼ򵥵ĺܣ𣿡
һֶʡˣҪǲ֪ģΪ׽á
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붼û˵˵֮ȴͻȻȵʵ㲻ҪԵİɣûЩ
һסҲԼˣѧУõķ˻ԣҲ㹻ˡ
ȻˣģæˣһͿˡ
һ豾ҲģΪֻˣȴǲͬˣҲҪóʶһı¡


98 
Щ̵ʵǳȥ԰ɣҲȰɣ
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һǱÿһ춼㹻ʳЩӶ˸ġ
áҲͬˣʵԼҲչʾһ³գֻһֱûлѡ
Ȼ˶˵ǳȻȥʲôֻҪųԾˡ
ֱȥڵһᡣ
ֻǵǽȥ֮鶼Щ⻹᣿
װ޵ûиı䣬ȴҰŮ˵ıֽЩŮĶˣȴִżֶׯ͵żҾ߸涼ѾõľģЩʲôĶ
鶼Щ֪Լʲôʱôһطˣ
Ǻһ㣬Ĵ棬ܿǸĵһ裬ĶͲʲô
һȴǻȻľȣŸ֮˵㣬Ƕְɣ
á
ҲӦˣһǺܴıǰǱ򿪣иָĲ˶УֻܹڵϿĲˣﶼС
ϲʲôԼ㣬󲿷ֶУ
һ裬ԼͷһͷףִһHellOKittyĳʦϸǴף˵Ѿ׼ȫˡ
ҪһЩ⣬Ķ㡣ҲϾԼŮһô˵ҲҪԵİ
˵ĻһǸˣΪ⡣
ǲ֪ô죬һȴǿЦʦҪʲôֱˣҪˣҪЩԲ꣬ӵģһ㶼ҪúóԵŶ
ô˷ѡһʼǰԼĽǶ⣬ͻȻ뵽˼ʲôݣǿ϶ǮˣǺڵǸŶǸˣһûзӦ
û£Ҳ֪˷Ѱƽʱ˽ЩؼȥԵģǽЩȥȼһЩˡ
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ò˵һĸоһľ飬Ǹһرĸо
ʵϣϾʱһѹ֮ǻᷢʲô飬ȴôû뵽Ů˶صķʽǰһôԡ
󷽶ֱơ
ȽϺõƷʣٳӴʱˣһҲʮֵɡ
ϲʲôζĲ裿
һ迴ųЦó˺üֲҶȴҡҡͷ˵һˮͿˡ
õġһ辶ֱóһӵһˮʵһ𣿡
ԡһЦ˵Ů˵ܣҪҪ֪ĻԺҪúϧᡣ
һ仰óЩףԼҪһ𣿻Ҫʲôᡣ
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һ˵һ㶼ǸŮЩᳵ·
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鲻ûۣȴû뵽Լῴ˿ԽŮˡ
һ趼ѾԿһѹƲ֪Ůˣڻôһգжٸ˲׷Ů˰
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ҸŶҲǲЩһӾͱкˡ
ȻҲ
һĻЩ죬Ҳûж롣
˺Ĭˣһүһ㣬ŽµĸԵЩ
׸趼Ѿ֮󣬳ѾᵽζŮĲǸǵġ
ζǶһĳʦˡ
ϴֳԷ
һ迴ų˵Ѿ˲ˣǿЩЩ죬Ϊ㲻ģͷһθо˼ҵζ
Ҳ֪Լô˵ģôһоѡ
ҺͽĲˣ֪ǷĿζ
һȴмֵĽţҲ֪ǶԼղţΪ顣
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óԾͺá
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⻰ȴóһ㶣ЦãֻҪ㲻Ȼ᳣
һЦе˵Ȼᡣȴ룬ҪһӹһӸԡ
ʦǵաŸո߳Цȴ˵Ժֱӽ飬ҪȻұˡ
ã飬ˣһЩİҵҪ֪һôġ˵ܵǸ׽顣
һ󵽵ϰ߰ˡ
ָˣǶģֻȴûʲô˵飬ΪоԼıȵһ˲֪١
һֱڼԼǶôԼǿ˸ˣĸомֵĲġ
ĲζǺܺõŶһﲻܹ꣬һҪԵİһ˵ȴǶŮ࿴ǴĲ˲ôԵĻ鶼̨¡
Ҳ˸оһЩԣµŮǸ˵ѹҲǺܴġ
ȴǻȻ飬ֻǼԼĶ
ڳķɨ֮£еĲ˶Եĸɸɾ˵á
ǳԷʱȴѾӿΪԵľǹ쵼ȥѧϰһЩе˶Ѿֻ֪³Ҫˡ
оһЩСɣҲֱѸײڶֱ֮ɨˣõ쵼֧֡
ϼšϼšϼȴѾͻȻҪǿƺҪһˣóеصһЩǲ
Ƕ֪һͷϳɹĻֻҪд鷳
ֻ˶ûа취ΪǶ֪˭ûа취ǵĺ
򽣰ܲ򽣴ö¥һرĵطǳеĽ֮һ
򽣴õĶ¥һ칫棬һ̸顣
˱򽣰ϴ־˶Уֻ˵ɫѿǵϴǮһŭݵĿˡ


99 ı
־˵㶼ʲôҪ֪Щ˾ֻҪ˼˽һжֵõġ
ڿֹǸˣǸŮˣô찡ǻ齫Ǹ˸סںˣô죿
Ǯŭ־⵱ʱΪ򽣰ˣʲô飬Ҫû飬϶ô鷳
Щͨ򽣰˾ˣô˼ɸʲô
Ҫ֪طҪ˵ʲô࣬Ǿ࣬˼ҵĺꡣ
֪ˣҪһ䣬򽣰ڼ˭
־ǲĿڳˣһӻغҪûЩһæ˵ҵļƻд𣿡
־Ļ޷ҪûڼĻ
Ƿߣû֪ЩŮȴô߲ˡ
һβֹŮô򵥣ΪҪǣǻΪǿĵ˵Ůߡ
ǵ뷨óŮ£ѵģ˭֪Ȼôһ
Ҳŭڵģ˭飿ʱҾͲŻôɺϣڹؼʱ͸飬ԼҪû˰æĻǸңʲô뿪İ
ƢӲʱ򽣰ϴǮ໪Ѿȥˣȴô鲻
ʱ˵ҶҪô嶯룬ôǣҪȻĻֻһξǻҪˡ
Ҫ֪ЩԴλãȻ̫ҪȴҲ˿š
ǶǱ˸ˣҲһֱԥԭ
ҪôʲôпܵǱߵˣҸɵǡ
һֱûпͻȻڣ򽣰ĵһƽΪײлͺһ·ɫ޶ˡ
пܵǱߵˣڵģ⻰˵ĵף֪жֵܾǱ㼸˰ҪһôˣҸôҪǸʲôģҸ˵ڶǾͺڽͷ
Ȼ꣬ȴҲûӣ飬ôġ
Ҫ飬¶죬˭֪һ᲻飬Լϴɵ
˶ƽһۣǶ֪һﳤĵСģΪʲôôϲɱɱΪɱԽһⰡ
ڼ飬ǿԳմЩô죿㵽׸ʲôôᱻǻȥģ
־̲סԴͷ۵ĺܣڳĳƽûʲôоǮͺ궼̲סͷۡ
ҪǳĻǿ϶ӵ˼ҴǣҪǲĻǵʱѹߣ׹ǱߵĿͻҲߣǶЩΪѡ
鲻Ҫңô֪ôûӣֱӴҡڽʱҪôڣҪŪ
˵⻰ʱί鴿⣬ͲԿƵġ
ˣȥ鲻Ҫ˵ˣЩһ׹ǱϵҲҪسǸҵŮˣһ֣ǲ֪ǲǳˣһδ⣬ҪǻǾơ
ǮǿԳ໢ȴܹĿŵĺԿԼΪطһ첻ɣ
ϴҲͬ⣬ǲȥҳ鷳ǵʱǵ鷳ֱ۶뵽ġ
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Ҳͬ⣬ҪʲôģǶԷΪǣҪǲ
ҲԸͣʣǸǲ˵˵ھʹСȥҳȽǸ˵Ļʡôš
Ƕڳһ˵鹢ڻҲΪִҪȥҳ鷳
ĸ˶ǮҲЩΪѣԥһ˵ƽԸ˳𣿡
ѾˣǾƽȥֻȴǶһûʲôģԲŻʻ
ƽظ֤˵϶ԸˣҪһĻ벻ܣҵʱ鷳ضðš
ƽĻɫˣڳûб
Ǻǣϣ㻹Ż
һ仰ԣƽȴۿһۣǮ˵Ūֻʱ⣬ֻϴһˣǱȫսô죿
ɲʲô˭ףһˡ
Ҫ˵ûʲôȫսǾ֤̼˶ث֡
ڳ˶֪̻Ǽһֻһӣһȥǽʱ̻ǲǲǹ£һ񣬱ͻǱȻˡ
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һ໢սЩͽȳ֣ʱֻ໢˺Ǽ棬ǳ˼ۺ죬ܾ˲ϲġ
ͽ飬ǼѰҸ㶨֮㰲ǳ͵һɽǱߣǻưոݣ
־ֱӱʵǮѶϣ˶ˡ
Ҫ֮ǰûʲô飬Ǯû⣬ڵԲпܻ򽣰һǮ˵Ļǽܲˡ
ģһɽҪǸ鷳ǵҲǳصġ
ǮоǵĲǿڰο˵ҪǱߣ̻һˣ֪ںͻûʲô³ȶ֮ǲŻ鷳Ǽ֮ǻڲڶһ£ʱһùԸǡ
ǮЩ鶼Ѿаţ˶ֱӱˡ
ֻǵ涼룬ǵ˭Ҫ⣬ÿһʲô籩٣Ǯ֪ͨģÿһطʲô飬ǶǱǮѸѹҲǸ޼ɵԭ
ÿһ˶ڲ²Ǯˣֻ˭ûа취²
ˣϴһὫЩһγ
־ݺݵĵͷ˵ȻǮоϣȻ˵ʲô
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߳ȥʱǮȴǿǵıӰɱһ˿ɱ֪϶ڼ飬ֻ޷ж˭ˡ
໢ʱפء


100 
𺣸üͷЩѿĿųеͼһǹĵʴ𣺡ʲôˣ
ϴ򽣰ĵ
Ǹ𺣸ոյϢôû뵽顣
ʱߵʱԥǷ
ֻʱôб˶ˣ۳Բûˡ
˭֪Ͳ㱻˸ɵҺõʱѸҪȻֻ³Ƕû֪

֪𺣸ܣҲû׷ԴֻҪ֪ʲô
𺣸óֻһۣһ⼸ֵʼıǵʱ飬һжվڵ˽Ƕȡ
˭õⶫ޷֪ʲôλ˷ǿԿ϶򽣰Ҳʵˡ
㰲ŵˣ
ȴһۿ֪ôϸϢˡ
򽣰һͷĿλãǷ߼ö֪
ǺϵҲ㣬Ͼϵպɰܡ
𺣸ֱӵ˵⻰Щˣȴò˵
ϴε黹Ŀһ˳ˣֻҪ군
ɫмѿȭͷš
Ҳ˼˵ҪӹɣҪִʲôϢǵʱɱûá
ãҿʲô
ĵ飬Ͼ໢ҲûʲôͣΪϴε飬澡ʧ
ѲǱͲᡣ
˵ȥĻɲʲôҲûʲôˮ˼ұѾá
ǵ͵һ㣬¾طӶ֪໢ڵ˲࣬Ƕûа취ܴģս
﷢չҲǲܵ顣
ϴˣǶڻһЩƷϾҪطڶпܣԼЩһҪ˭ҳȥǷǣֱӸҴ򡣡
𺣸ȻǻۣȴûʵЩˣԻҪ֡
ҲףԼΨԷӾ޴ãҪԼûа취ʲô飬ֻҪ˿Ц
ãһᰲţϴʲôʱ
ĵ飬ϾԽԽ쿪ʼ
ƽҴͻ绰
ҲŸոհԸ𺣸󶼻ûü߳ط

Ҳ֪ʱЩš
ͻȻ˵ҪҪһûνڼ飿ҪǵʱҲһ򽣰ļһֻĿ
㴦Ҫм飬֪Щһ϶жطֻҵʱѡĵط㿴ﻹһط֮ȥǱߡ
ȻЩգڲ֪ԼûڼʱĿ
ûпֱӳȥˣ֪ΪʱҪûţǺ׳⡣
𺣸һʼ񲻶˸ƺ˼ʲô顣
˿̣ǱȴǸոնЩζķȳһɨӹĹĵЩɳϢŮʰо֡
һĻóЩͻȻֻ

һۣһİ绰룬ոս褵Ǵ
ô
Щֳʲô˰ɣ֪һ㲻ϵԼһϵ׼ûʲô顣
ģЩҪһ¡
褵ĻȻӡ֤ԤУһ˵ѧУʦߣȥ㡣вҪҪȻעĿ
ҪߵģͻȻ뵽Ҫȥ𴦣˵˶ţطȽˡ
Щν֮ǶʰһһʱƽԺǷᱬǾͲǳĵ顣
ǰ鶼ˣﻹȥı飿
ˣǱһ£Һһ˵顣
æµ˵һͻȻ̧ͷ˵ǲ褽㰡

Ǿȵĵ˵ͷŮĲܹСԼʲôû˵Էȴ֪㹻ߡ
ǣҶûил
һ˵⻰ʱϸֺΡ
Ͼʱһʶ飬Ů
áû뵽һẦߡ
ʲôϵ
ʰõĵһڳߺʵգ۾ЩԺΪ˵Ǹ㣬ʶ
ҲûʲôֻǾţҲûпΣš
Ҳ֪ô˵㻹ǺԼ˵Ҫǿԣǲʶ㲻֪ÿһμҶûʲôý
˵˼棬ĲʲôóϣÿһζǼɹߡ
⻰ҪǸǶģǿһ϶ڿƬ
һĻóɵۣȴգʹʵǸŮϲ
˲ʯϲ褶ϲ˱ͲһģڵǺãһ軹˵ôɫҪʲô
ǡ
һЩȷ˵ѹʱߣ϶ظһ䣬һô
һӾ⣬ŵһ˵һΪʲô飬⻰Ҳܹ˵ŵˣʵŭңЩΪ˵飬Ҳ˵ǵĶԹЩ
˵ĹϵûôǳȴҪ⻰˵ڼһ£һ֪ͮôƽ
һŮˣ֪ԼǷ
жôĸӣǾֻԼ֪
һһ飬ֻ֪֮С
ͮʲôϵһͻȻʵȴɵۣŮ˵İҪãװɵµһ䣺֪
˵鶼Ѿзˣжٸ˲֪ô˵СҲʲôϵ
ֱӸ񲹵ǳ׷Ůֻ¼ɵ򶼿ܡ
ҪǱŮˣҪǺܾãǾСɵĹϵȴǺܼ˵ҵѡ
ŶǺͮأ˵ЩΪ׷鵽㡢ͮµԱֱˣ
Ҳо⻰Щ֮ȴȼա
һԴҪǱʳ⻰϶Ҫˣǰһֻܹ˵ǲףһֱһרһˣҺͽµĹϵģǺͺͮǴ⣬ֻܹǹϵԡ
ԼЩŮ˵ĹϵλֻǵûһԽҪôǵģǾͲˡ
ƺǿ쭶ĵĻûжپ仰ǵ绰ˡ
ȥ
˵߳ȥһעıӰֱǱӰʧ⣬ͻȻðһ䣺㣬𣿡
⻰һӺæߵ˵СѾͷƬӣʲô
ݽȥһֱӵ˵Ӵ˶ĵ˵ĻҪˣǳǴɡ
鲻ɵϣȻ׶Է˵ʲô˼Ц˵ǰǶСӡ
𣿡һһѽס˵ҪҪԿСð

鱻һǿ־ĿŵһʵϲŮˣ


101 褵İ

һȴǿЦģ鶼Щ־塣
ǵһûб˸һ棬ֻΪˣԲչ¶
ղŻ˵ǶСӣڰǰǲǴСܵ˺ģģҲϲһڣһܵˣֻҪһҵˣһԼĺӣĶһԼȡ
Щףһ赽Ҫʲôأ
㣬ڻףԺͻ֪жôΣգʹ֪ʲôɶ˻ɻɹȥ
һ˸һĹâЩֻ˽֮󣬲Żףӵʲô
ʱ򣬱Ѿ֪Ǹˣʲôı¡
褿ĳһᣬܵܵĳûа취ЩΣգҪǱ˸Ļǿ϶ҪһóɱΧ
ԶԶ褣Щˡ
һɫȹִīʽͷһ˫͸ˮЬܷܷԵ쳣͹µĸ˶ʿˮ
֮ǰֻ˸棬ڵóĶӿ
һŮû뵽Ưĵز
Ц⻰Щߣ漴ų˵û뵽أߣȥΧ񶼲Ծ
ʦЩѧᶼǿģ·ѧڿǡ
Ҳϲô˿ǣͻȻһ褾Ȼ֣ǣ
Ϊô˿ţԳûֱ˦֡
˸ңװ¡
ûжͣϵʮָۣûио˸š
Ϊ˰ݵĸĵطųó̲ס

һ˵
ǳ˿̶褵뷨
ҿһ찡һ˭
˭ûпһһǳһţƺˣҪ֪һ˿Űӵˣӵļ˶ҿˡ
Ҳ뵽ˣǴźͽһȣֺͱУͮһļһôֹһŮʲôİ
һ۾ҪˣǾû˿ôҪ֪˵ºͺͮģǿ϶Ǯ˵Ů˶ݵǻܹ˵ı
֪Ķ褵û˿ĵطһۣ˼ԣ÷ˡ
ռˣǳǲԸ֣Ǻ涼û˽
褺Ȼ˵Ů˵˾ǲͬ
ϻҪǱ˸㵽ǵʱһԺ𣿡Ѿ϶£Ҳȥʲô
ǺǡЦЦЦ֮ǲŵ顣
ҲҪ˼ţԼıǡ
ȥ
˵ûǶԷҪ˵
ȻҪ褹ֻҪ˸ӣɻᱻѪ
ۿۡ
˷ţŵĵһ裬һװ磬ȴͻȻֳЦݣҲ֪ʲô
ȴЩȣһװ磬ǰŮġ
ʱĵ˵ֻҪıһ¡
һıҳ鶼ף褶ỳɵһ̡
ôæתƻ⣬ҪǼһ迴ȥֵԸЩܲˡ
ͬ
һĻЩ裬ΨкŮ˽ӴŻ֪һжô
ֻŮˣߣҪʲô
ǿԽȥ˵𣿡ЩܲˣŮ˲˵ϰſ˵

һÿЦҪ褽ģֻո˼ŻҲֱӲ˵
һ˵ŷ˵
˿̻ڿӣ褽ʱ
̲סһôߵŮ˶ôƯ
ҺòԼˣҪȻôŮڣ˯ûа취ģԼ˱ߡ
ã顣һˣЦŴк
褣ܸ˿㡣
ҲЦŻӦϺһˡ
ֻΪĴڣҲЩı䡣
Ǽ棬ģ褣ʲô飿
ĵ褼ҴҹǵΪʲô
ط˵ɡ
ЩΪѵ˵ϾڻܣҶͨˣҲһ˺Щʱ֪̫࣬Ƿһ鷳
ҲӦԼԭ
ȥɡ
ʶĳȥߵһ뵽Ů˵ķ䣬ԼȥҲ㡣
һ迴ĳɣЦ˵ȥͿˣȻ޲ɶԣǷҲûʲôܡ
á
߽ȥҲûйⷿʲôܵһ۾ͿЩഺ£ȴûж࿴
褹ţų˵ЩѺŮڻǱߣûа취Ǹȳ
˵飬ЩͷۣԼֲǾЩƵĿʵ鲻Ǿ𣿡
һѾҸ˵˵ڵɣ
ЩεĽԼ˵
Щ쵼֮ǿ˵һ裬ǿ佱һ˸ɵƯ
֪Ǵ򽣰Ǳ̳ģһ˵Ǹطţ쵼ֱЩ飬ҪȻд鷳
ôָЩˣ
ʹ쾯涼ѾһˣЩȥˣôһģ
Ҳ֪ûʲô֮ģǸͲĶ
Ͼ򽣰ƴҪûа취һӾŪ򽣰ʱֻԼһˣȡһЩİ˵İȫ
飬˭
ˣԲ֪ŵ
Ҳ˺ü쵼˵֮ʲô취ûУҳ
˵һþ죬Ҳһˣȴһˡ
Ļɫ䣬Ҳ֪ԼڣҪʲôĻֻһӶĹⲻȥ
ֻ뿪֮ЩŮѾЩ޳֡
򽣰ڵֲǲ֪˵죬ҾҪɱ򽣰ϴǮҶûа취ҵˣһ㣬ֻط飬Ǿ춼֪ЩһﶼѾαװֳ
֪ǲģ򽣰Ȼûа취ڳһ죬ȴҲû˭᲻ȥЩˡ
ҲƥһŭѪ岽һΪˣף򽣰ļһֻǸӵײС
ûһŭʱ򣬾ѾѪ岽пܡ
ǳСԼ֪Լֻһ˶ѣʹ²СȴҲڵǹ롣
죬֮ѧУҲһ̽ԵΪ
ЩҪĻǾп·;Ͷ֡
ڶûж֣˵˴˿ʱ͡
ǹ죬ȴ˫Ĭ
֪
Щĵ˵ЩһףΣôգһ·˵ɣҪôſϳ֣֪а취˵ɣԵģҶܡ
һֱʮˣҲУ֮£ҲûʲôΪڵĴơ


102 ˶
Ҳô񣬺̨жǿӲ֪ḲֻҪǵĺ̨£ǿ϶Ҳһӵ¡
˵һϻ˭֪ǸطţҪȻĻ򽣰ô޼ɵ
˵˻
Щ̲סֱӱ¶ԭԸҲҪչԼġ
ճ鴤һ˵ܼ򵥣ǾͿԣ˶ǰȫģ򽣰˲ǡ
Ͼ˫ݶЩ⣬ҲܽԼ뷨˵ܿ϶ʱΣա
ҲԸô褺ŭһûһ滰
ЩΣԼƺҲûرɣ
褶˳ı飬ݺݵ˳һ˵Ϊǻᰲֻ֣µʱ֣֪ǸŮʲôˣְǵһɽ֣е㿴ϼŻǿ󣿡
ƽĳȴǴһôû뵽һ边ȻǵһֵŮ򽣰ƺͷ˶ǣһĿŵҪ˭
ԼĶͷʵʵ𣿡
㲻ſԼȥʡ
ǵһ߳ʵݣǰճԸôôһ鷳
֪϶д㣬Ը⵱һԹߣҪ֪ЩŮܿ飬
ʱҿһ¿𣿡
˵Ķˣҿ϶򽣰˭ȴ֪Ǿ֮һ
Ҫôǳ񸱣ҪôǶ֡
һˣǵġ
ǹ⻹ǹڣһЩκһǱΪһʳ˵ľ޴С
Ҫ֪׼ȷʱ䣬ҿԵȴЩŮ޷ȴ֮ǰӵһ֪ͨǾҪԻǿѲߡ
һ֮ڶûа취ߣһ֮ЩһͻҡڵߣЩ˶ǿ·
褶򽣰ѾԼԼԿɽһǣоǰδеƣ
Ŷ
Ӧƽûйϵʲôʹߡ
褶Ҫˣ˵ô࣬Ϊó㷴ӦӦҪ֪ı˺ġ
˵ɣҪôſϺϴҷ˵飬ҴӦˡ
Ǻھ
ֻҪԽЩ˸Ȼһжֵá
ǳ鷸ƣԼƴ˶Ҫһ
褾뷨£Ըͳ
ȴҡҡͷһʱһʱ
ڲ֪򽣰飬ǳ뷨
򽣰ǿѾչֳﻹκϽȥΪԼɡ
ҪŪ򽣰Ҳô죬һ仰ʱδ
оǣڲŸо褺ûʲôô
ԷǿɿǺܶʱŮ˵̫ǿ
ܳԸϣ¶ԴΪˣǺ顣
ĵ˶˽Ϊ㣬ὲôأҲ˼ô顣
ǻɣҪԼ໢ձѣǽʲô˸ĨɱʱһԼ鷳пܾ褡
ʲô
褵ĸоһӾ͸оʲôйص顣
ʲô㲻Ҫġ
ǸоԼ˵ĺãŮʵϺѣҪֻǳ٣СĻ
˵ɣ˵ʲô飬ҶԽܡ
褿ų˵Ҳǿ
㣬ϴҹʹ飬ҪҵֳץסֻһˣôڵĹϵ˵
ͻȻᵽ֮ǰ飬֮ǰ˲ʶץûʲô˵ĵڻôѡ
ĻЩãҪ˵֮ǰ飬붼ֱץˣҪЩ˸ߣֱӾ͵ػЩˡ
ھ򽣰飬ֺͳЩ飬ĶԳЩУҪɾ䣬Ѿûа취쵽
ǾЩ˵Ļȴǰ첻֪Щ˷
޷Լ䣬֪һһͷǱǺѻͷ
ҲԼԺԼЩ쵼һɼ
褲ɵӣȻ֪ЩһʼûҪ򽣰ﶵô顣
˴֮Ҳûл
ôԼûа취֪ôߵ褵ĸǰ˵
褲֪ҪʲôֻȴǺܲĿ
һѽţ褵ĸıҲоһЩ
ҪһЩϡ
ϾЩûа취
ˡ
Ϊʲôᱧң
ⲻ
ȴǲ֪һȴǸ褶ĳ
˷ܵЩܹѣҪɤӵĸһжʵġ
Ǹҵ³çһΪǸʲôϢģҲŴӦ㡣Ҳ飬ҲԸ顣Һͽ¿ܳɶ֣ṳ̂ҵ磬ɣ
褺˵ֻȴ֪ԼһһͰˮֱӽ褵ͷϣñȵһ͸
һ֮ˣߵˣûжٸкýֵġҳһᱼ׹ҲȥֵôģΪ˸עںڰ֮УʱǾ죬ĥ
Ҳô룬Ϊ˵һЩԼĹȥ֪һŮˣǲܹ
֮ѡ£һΪ˴УһȴΪ忴ıȽ͸
µԸȱ濴Ǽ㣬Ҳ˽˼Һ㽲ȭͷʱûõġ
ΨȭͷȭͷŹá
ȴǲ룬Ҳܹ롣
˵Ĳࡣ
ԣԺһڰ·ϣҲôУ¡
ΪʲôҪںڰ֮УҪҲֶΣɻ蹫С
褿ų˵ϣһٴ
໢Ҳ֪һܲİæûʲô¡
ҲΪˣ褲źͳ
ҪǷڹȥԸ϶໢
ǺǣǿԸɵЩһ˵ûôȴ˵ʲô˵򽣰飬ҪõЩһ֤ݸ㣬а취Ǹ֮ڷ
⻰ԶԣҪûо򽣰飬һɷ
ЩԼĻô˵ڡ
һսûȥǿ԰ѾԻ˵ģЩܲõԸ鶼ǷҵĿζҾϣöһˣŻӵĹ
ʲô֪ˣ໢ĵѹһֱĵ·ϡ
һڣʲôвʱνļֻ΢໢ﶼпܻɳ˵Ķħ
һʷͿԿ
һһʼŽụİɣȴѾΪһĻǰ֮
ǱȽŹȨڿţ໢ΪһֻʱĶԼ໢ôݱ缶ľްԡ
褵ͷЩãҲ֪ʲô
ͷ鲻չİ
ʱ͸׼˵ǣԷ˵Ҫʱ͸úһģֱӳıײߡ
һЦտһһһǱǡ
ڱһŪ˵Ǽʲô˵Ѷһа취
ҪٸһλᣬˣЩöϵ·һȽϺá
Ա𣿡ͻȻ褿˵Ỻᣬż
һ⣬ǱԼ׸˰ɣ
ҪԼһúõһӣȻԼ˲·
ôϣ褵Щʧȴǽһ䱦
Ҳųӵ硣
ղŵʮӣһ綼ȥֹ¶飬Щ
ˣδܹܵĸо


103 ִ
ʲôû˵˵ģѾ˵ꡣ
ȴǿų˵ȤҲһůĻ
褶˵һϣôܾ˵˵ɣš
һڿʱҶ룬ˣпܻᱻһҲֲҵ˸ˣǽȴǣұһǿ˸ȡһˣҲ֪Ҷ˵ķӦǸң㲻Ƕûκθоֻģһжס
ô򵥴ֱһЩŮ˿úɬĻȴȫ
ȴ̲ס棬Ӳǲ㣬ǲܹ㣬һ㣬Ӷпܱɷˣôϰ
Ҳֻ²ۣȴûκ
ϾһεĻ⣬ϴλ漰Ů˵Ĺ¡
˵ʲôǶƲŮ˵顣
֪һٶЩͬ뷨
褴ȥ˭Լ뷨ԼϲϲϲͲϲ
ȴû뵽ԼƲѵľٶôӰ졣
Ҫ֪ȥЩ顣
褺ںã޷׼ȷ𰸣ֲܹſڿӵʱΨгĬԼ
ΪһĻҲŸȥʺ֡ʱ˾꣬Ҿ֪ʺǶôҵĵطȴһֱȥȥ֮ҷҵ͹˲ʺֻ֣ѾˡʱҶ룬Ӧûң˭֪ȴǶ
Ѿȥ뵽飬¡
ҪǳʱǶǿ⣬ûа취Թ˭
Ͼ˼ҳ˵ҪȥӲȥ
ôΣǳûа취ԼһһûжŮˣ
ֻǣԽǿ־;ԽףǸΣ֮еˣǶôǿ¸ң
ȴûкչֳһ˵ĵһжס
һһʱʼţֻǲ֪Լôǡ
Щ鶼ȥʱҲЩǷȱǣʱҾһĹı⣬ȴûпǵǸطжôΣա
ڲʺһ֪ҪȻҲô嶯飬һôƯŮȥǶΪ
ȥˣֻҪ㣬Ϊؼʱ̣ûзңҲΣյʱ̷㣬ֻҪ㲻Щ캦顣պҪ㣬Ǵҵʬ̤ȥ
̧ͷų˵ϡ
ûмĻ𻨣ҲûԳʤΪİԵƣû֪ģ֪Ĭ
м㣬Ҷ褣ûκζԲ顣
˵עҪڰ֮УЩǵϡ
ĺֻ褲³
㲻ˣڵ޷ҵɡһҺֻ¶嶼һֳϾһû׼ú򽣰˺̼Ҿ͸ûɺ򽣰սݡ
ķҪ˼ĻѾ򽣰ˣڶǷƽ˾Ǿ˵Ѿѡøô顣
֪Լֻһðƻָ̻һаԼǳ룬Ҳ˽ϣ˼Ϊôࡣ
ʱ򽣰һ޴У˭ȥǶ·һԴ˳˿ỳɡ
ҪҪҪʲôֱ˵ǣңҡ褿ųǼᶨ˵
Ҳ֪˵褴˵Ϊҷˣ
Ҳ˵ǣֻһ仰˵ģ޷㡣
ʲô
ľܾ˵ȴû˵ųʵΪʲô
Ϊʲô黹򵥣ĶΪ壬һȴ֮е屳ۣңǻʲô
һЩıȽף褵ɫȴһӷף֪˵ûд
˳ĬԣſĿ˵ȥɣ֪ϣЩˣЩ鲻ͿģԺ·ЩҲоȣҲǴӴ˱ɵ
褴վԭأȴת뿪
Ҫߡ
ڳ׼ŵʱȴͻȻڽе
ûпԷô
ҲǻĲֻͬҪûʲô֮£Ҷûп֪ط϶Ҫ˸ͳΣǻһҲ֪ȥǻҪˣһһ̡
褵ĻóЩ죬ŮΪʲôǿأ
㲻ˣҪ֪ӴԺ㽫Ҳûлͷĵ·ڵģڵĵ·ֻʱĲ˳ѡ
˵Ժͺڣ鲻Եġ
Ǻǡ
ȴͻȻЦЦóЩĪЦʲô
Ϊһ·Ǹ˭ģһ仰óĿһ£ԼĵվǷˡ
ûü˵ʲôȴǿ첽ߵߣ˫§Ĳӣ˵ܶûеһ̣˭֪֣ңͽ¡
ף¶ģ׼Լһ·ߵڡ
ȰʲôֻȴͻȻܵĽ绰һȫİĺ롣
ι֪ʱпԼֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪİ룿
ϴǸող㱻˸תƵһֵĵطҪʱһˣѾмƻɱ򽣰
绰Ǹ𺣸ģҺȥ鿴ҪȻ˸Χɵ֪ʲô
˵⻰ʱ򣬸𺣸ǷŭһΪԼڲǳͽһȴΪ򽣰˳
ңھ͹ȥ붼û˵û뵽򽣰Ŀ꾹ȻתƵ໢ȥˡ
ҲҪڶǾȫ濪սǶ໢ǳ̼ҾҪ֣ǶҪ͡
ãʲôʱ򵽣绰һӵʱϵ㡣
𺣸ǱߵııȽڼ˵ЩলľԱ
֪Щ򽣰ôԼߵϵϵģҪ֪һʼѾýֻս
Էҹڲ֮Уڼˣֻǲ֪˭
á
ھ׼Ҳǵ绰붼û˵ҲҪȥ
׼ȴֱӾܾһǸطڵĻûа취ϣоݣʺϺһ
ҪȥԸҪЩһϣɱǿ԰쵽ġ
ȴһִˣҲ֪໢򽣰ƴҪȥһӴ顣
ȥʲôãоЩӲҪ֪໢ڲ飬ƾʲô֣
һҪȥ֪ѾмƻˣҪǿԣǵʱҺǺ
褵ĻóЩĶ̾Ϣһ˵׼ǸطеصľʱҪ㱻Ǹˣûа취˵ġ
ҲںҲԻױ㲻ҪɣŮһױǿ϶ôϳ
褺ǿ϶˵ȴЩͷۣҪһȥ
ҿ
Ļﻹû˵꣬һ绰ֱӴһȻǳ̻ġ


104 ˾Ҫ
ι
һİĵ绰룬֪ôô˶Լģ
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ǲǳʲô˰
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Ҫ֪Ҫûʲôһ˵嶼ֱӸԼ绰ġ
飿ĺܳЩŭ˵Ҳ˵СӵǺŮȺͷʶ֪ôһˡЩѶ׼㡣
һ޷ЩƮɵѪûа취ԼȥһС
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ȴǲ֪ô죬Ҫ˵һһǲκˣһԶԸôˣֻжܻᱻС
ȴûж˵֪϶б飺أ
㵹ǳɳ٣оǳеļǱϵһʱЩѻûа취ǹҲֻС˶ѣڻʱ䡣סҪʲôǾͷȥɣҪˣŮڣȴܹϣеһлһ
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ǿ϶˵֪Ļ褶ҲŻöԷ΢һЩɣ
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ȴǺܿ϶˵һҸı飬óЩΡ
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á
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ĻһЩ˺̼ܵǻһЩȴǴеãǸЩյӲ


105 һ
ϣҵֽţǶЩһΪ𣿡
ЩԾƴϣͬ˼뷨עҪա
Ҫʲô飬ֱϼ棬ûйϵҽѧУҲк֪ܶңӭ㱨ҳ֮ǻ档Ӵȥѹ˭Щ˷Ҳ˵Ūǡ
֪ºЩҲ϶ҵȻһ㣬еĻԼϣҲ褱˸ע⵽
Ҫ˵ʲôʱıȴ亹
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ҿһﾹȻǳûдոջ̳˵һŮһ𡣡
ҵ֪һֱȽϸߵȴǲˣ˵쵰Լģ
ҪĻЩء
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ණҶ׵ĺܣҲ֪ǸطǿӲĺ̨Ҫûа취õԶ򽣰Ķһжǰġ
ЩȻûа취򽣰Ҫʲô¹ҶעĶǾˡ
ʤƿЩ鶼ʲô飬Ͼطˣֻطһ㡣
ʱһɨһЩ֣鶼˽ˡ
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ЩǹṩģҲûп֪˭ûп֤ݡ
֪ǽԼǸʲôҪ˵һ仰ȥ֤ݣǳֻܹǺǵˣû£ɲʲô̽
Ȼףһݶȥʲô֤ݸǼˣǶԡģǼֻҪԼ򽣰ĵ̣Ƕʲô飬һȥǽĨƽˣҲûа취ǣʱѾˣֻм졣
ºЩһֶΣҲָһˣ˽һЩֶ֮ŷֳһһ˲š
ʱҪľ˲ų֡


106 褵ջ
Ĭһ˵һ֮Ϣǡ
𺣸ǱǷʲôֶΣҪֶΣҲԽ򽣰ˡ
á
˶˵ͷֻʤƺͽȴǸоЩԾǾǳͳ̻ĹϵƺЩ䵭
ϸҲϾ̸顣
ˡ
תȥϾʱ𺣸Ǳ߿Ҳ˺ܳʱ䣬ҲҪ٣Ҫ˼ҵ绰Լڳ
Ҫ֪һϵͶһֱ¶Σա
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µ˵ͻȻʹԼҪԼбµĻڸųȥ˾Լˡ
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Щ죬Լߵĳ
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ߵˣǶЩһĹϵ
ϾǺܶʱҪһЩͬĳǾҪЩ˵˽˹ϵǲʲô·ЩҲΌܺ⡣
ҪһܳٶȿܺãǮ⣬вҪʲô߳ҪȻŪǣڸԴ··ڵǡ
褺ǰ˵ЩϢǴǰǱ߼̳
绰Ǳߵ˲֪˭ȴ֪֪绰ˣǶбˡ
ǳȥȰɣЩ˺ܿ͹
褿ų˵Ѿ㶨ԷҲҷǵķɻ
˵ͷʵûʲô𣿡˵⻰ʱ۾ǲĿΣƺҪķ⡣
ûа취˶ôһģϵʲô飬ֻһ˵ıܡ
褵İڳϣʵƯҪǱ˸Դ𣿡
⣬ĻشЩ죺վʲôǶȳԴأ


107 ڵ

̲סЦȻóѾЩɶпܶԼƶпܡ
ԼԺҪͳͨһ²ǣҪȻĻᣬǰװ˷ѡ
뵽褿ų˵Ժҳ𣿡
Լɣվ˵ĽǶ˵ǺܻϲվһѵĽǶȣЩ¶ҪжһױȽϺá
褣ŷϰǶҲֻǰŶѡ
涼͸ģҪǵذ巴⣬ǶĿĶ滰ȫǹʹ˵֪ԼΪʲô˵Ļ
á
ĺǸˣҲϲȴҪ۲һ³ķӦųʵҼٿ飬ȥס
ҪǶһףǻԵòײ࣬ȴԸ⡣
˵鶼ʲô飬ֻҪªŮ˲ŻһʱĴ粻ôŮˣǲܴʲôǶš
ûǮֳСߣߵʱȴ룬ҪԼĿôŮˡ
ҲǺˬ飬ϧǲֵܳġ
ҲһҪôŮˣԼԲԵһ£Щ˵ļ嶼ͬ顣
褵ȴмֵҸһֱҪԼǿϧһֱûг֡
ںò׳һˣȴѾЩ䡣
漴ͻָȴǳ־źҵģ˭ûа취ı䡣
˶ںûа취ҵŮˣЩΧһ˵Ůˣȴǲ֪ܶʱҪǿˣǼҪʲôǾʲô
оЩһֱ߸ϵŮˣҲΪı䡣
ⶼǱ˴ʵർ¡
ѡһȹһĶⶫ涼ڵסҲûʲôϵȹӶһ
Щ˿˵Щ죬ȴû˵ʲô
Ŷ뿪֮Щ˲ſʼ۷׷ס
ղǸǳɣߵǸŮ˭ҿôƯҽ˯ţУطļһҪһͼƬңŮѵһǿûУŮ˼ʹǻױҲֻһ㣬ҪȻͳҲῴ϶Է
ٷְǳֻû뵽ʱǲ˵һƯĸŮһ𣬵ֺͱŮһļһҪжٱ£Ľĺܣ
ǲҪĽҪĻҲ԰쵽飬ֻû뵽һŮ飬Ҫ֪ŮʺģǿɲʲôˡҸ˵ط¶һжԷôġ
Ҫ֪ЩֻҲǻ˲٣ϾѹŽ£ҲĵһССԸ
˳ȥ֮ǳѾ·ߵˣһβĳµA6ĳ̫Ҳô鷳
Ҫ֪һЩĳǶǲôģϾˣǶǮˡ
һǮ褵ֻ˶Էһ£·̵߳һæóֻֻûнͨ褾͹ҵ绰ˡ
ʲô˵ĻʵÿһǳǶҪˣϾ̫ˡ
Ǹ˵绰ҵˣٸ򡣡Ҳ֪ʲôĵ绰ûдͨȴѾ˵ĸǰ
ǸղŸ绰ˡ褿˵ζһֻǲһǺ룬˲褵ĵ绰ǱҪеĽ
ãС죬֪Ĵǣ
ÿһ˶дţ൱һûһĶ
ܹģ֮ǰעһŽϦףѺʮ򣬻ҪңҸǧûдɣ
褺İ֮ǰЩǰ˵ȥСǷɿĲԼֻܿҵϦ
ûƬͱģȴһź롣
롣
С쿴ʵϾЩҪеġ
û˵ǽԼֻĻԷһۣոմ롣
OKôһѾȫÿһ죬ѺͿ۳ǧ
һжѾˣȻҪСϸֶС
ȴֱóԼп˵
ˡ
СѸٵóPOSһУˢǡ
Կ׸֮С˳ˡ
ЩһǸʲôģǺʵǾͲЩ˸Ūߡ
ǺǣЩһﶼЩߺڵ֮ģǱӦþκɵϴ͸ʲôöò˵ЩһͷԺô꣬Ҳûʲô˸ҳǵĳЩʱǶֱӽĳ
һʼҲ֪ŵıֻǺһżȻĻ֪ġ
ǵĳ׬
Ҫ֪⳵۾ɺܿ죬һһǧܶ࣬˵⳵ļֵȴٵĿ
϶׬ˣҲҵְ⣬Բô˵ģҪȻĻһǧ
褵Ļó̲סһ⵹Ǳ׶ˣôһ·ӣûԸⷸʲôġ
һ̲ס˵ͷ漴⳵⳵ܺܺãԿĺܺá
ȣҵٶȿܱȽϿ졣
˵һ䣬ǳֱ쭳ȥ÷۵糸ݡ
ߵ·ʱ򣬸𺣸һε绰˵ڻ·ϣյͼʾӦʮ֮ͿԵǰʮҸ濴ţҿһµA6ң͸ҵ绰
á
𺣸ֱӹҵ绰Ҳ³ĵ绰˸أҪǵʱ˸ֱҵǶѷɡ
𺣸Ѿ֪򽣰ǿ󣬵ӴʱŷԼǵ͹򽣰ҪѾ׼ãֻҪ붼ѡ
˵ǰСʱٶȼ۷壬ֻʮӾѾĿĵء
һֱǳţһʼΪԼ㹻񣬵ǿ˼ҳһΪԼ֮ǰڹҼҡ
ˡ
дĵطȴЩ죬ط濴ܻ𺣸һӴô˵طᱻ˸
Ҫһطܴǻ˷֣һطͼǧ˵ĻֻҪ˵ᱻ˸
Ǹڵʯ棬һš
ҲϳǸһֱͣǸ˵ǰ˵ϳ
ϴ󡣡
Ǹ໢İһʼΪʲô·ˣ˭֪ȻҪʮ֮Żᵽĳæ
·
ûôϻ֪𺣸ʲôط
ǰֱһףһͣǵֵǸطš
Сæ˵Ǹ𺣸ѡģղվλҲһܲĵطֻҪûֱӶûʲôΣգԴݴ绰ͨ籨š
áǸططѹÿһطڷŷ磬⸽һЩӶǸˡ
֮ǰ𣿡֪Щ֮ǰ˸ˣҲ˵˫Ӧнս
ʧֵܡ
СЩ˵˵Ҫ֪ԸһߵˣָҪ˵Ϊһεȥ˲֪ٵĶ


108 
Щѹ֣໢飬ҲкܴΡ
Ҫ͹ԷʵҲ顣
֪Щ򽣰ﲻǳɳȴû뵽ô١
Ǽᶨ˵ģǻᱨġ

СҲųģȴ룬ҲԺ󣬵ԼȴѾһлῴ
ٶȿ𺣸ʱôԼ۾
𺣸Ѿˡ
ϴôˣͷѾЩ׵ĸ𺣸ųʵ
ͷѹ֣Ҫ֪ղˣֻЩѹڿ𺣸ŷ֣Լֹ۹ͷԼĻҪء
ͷҪһѡ
𺣸ֹ۵˵漴ָ˵ϴ㿴ģһҹ֮ʮ겻ֹ
ʲôǲǶѾƽ룬һ·ҲϸڼôὫϢݳȥ
֪﷢Լ֪飬ҪȻҲ
ʱıܹĺǺãôǱ˸֣
ܼ򵥣ֱ˸
𺣸˵˵ʱȴ̲סһ鴤ȴûаһأ˭Ĵ
ֻЩ飬ô㵽ĵزЩס
ͻȻվһûڵĿŸ𺣸ͳ˵ԲһεҵĴûдãҲû뵽Щ˵ȻΪǮɥĲĵزҵһо͸ҵˣȴҡ
Ҳǹ㡣
𺣸кܴĻȴǳȥ֪Ѿ
ҶˣҪǻڿϣʱҲ嶯
ϾڿϣʱأڿüϣʱҲһ·
һαѵ˲ֹ𺣸ˣǵ̵˶кü
һӻලһͷģֱɱ֡
ʲô
ʵڶһͷˮǲ׵׷ʲô顣
˶һģڼҲ˭Կơ
Լܴ߱ʩһ㡣
ϣ̡¶кüѱ䣬ЩһǱһ򾡣һҲҵΡ
𺣸ǹ˵ĵĻȴô޷𣬱Ͼʧô󣬾ǳŪǶΪ
ȴһЩСܶԼǧѡģ顣
ˣЩȥȥҲҪˣҪǰ˵ҲΡ
ҲԼЩСᣬ֪Щȥ˵Ҳûʲô塣
ǶѾֲô㹻Ҫ˵һڧʲôģǻҪɽ
ϴ˵Ķԡ
𺣸Ҳͬ˵ֵܣʲôҪ룬Ǻܹؼǲܹٳ©ˡ
һҪһٱѣʲôҪɱȫҡ
һεıѣѾЩƣŻˡ
ҪɱȫҰɣ
ʱȴͻȻ˵⻰һӾͽ˵ϡ
ǳģǶô˭֪ǲԼĴɩ
ֻôؼʱðôһ仰Щûа취ܡ
˵㲻˵˲ģҪĻȥ
˵һ㶼ûдҪûʲôĻЩͽԽԽࡣ
ϾһðȫҸ飬ǺҪǿֶΣЩͽҪѱʲôģǶҪһ±顣
褿ڳļ飬ҲӦԼ˵ֻʱȴǾ˵Щ˵ļ޹ģ׾͸ɿֻš
𺣸˶һۣϴôһɵƹֻɵģ
һҪˣǲĿֻſʼ˼򽣰ﶼûɿֻţԼССȴǿֻţ
ֻҪһ䣬վǱߣߣԼѡҲ˵
ǹ㵽˻Ħģôû뵽һ仰Ħ
ԺĺҲûа취褵
֪һ໢߹кܶѱ䣬Ҫǰ˵ȥҲ˵кܶͥᱻ
飬޷ܡ
Ҫû֪ºҲûа취˵ʲôԼѾ֪ǻĻһӶĲ
ϴȳȥһ£
𺣸󿪿˵˵飬ʲô˵ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ܿ촦ꡣ
褾ǿĿųǲ׼鷢
ȴָſ˵·Լѡģ߰ɣ飬ûа취ܣȻҲҪߡ
褵УûʲôֻǾƵҲܹĴ
ɵۣ룬Լͳô
һ仰˵ĺΪС
ҲȰ˵Լ֪ĺá
ֻ
ҪһӶԭԼ
뵽ų˵ѵûбѡΪʲôһҪɱȫң
Ϊʲô
˫˸ɱƳһ۴⣬˵˵ΪʲôҪɱȫңǶˣǶɱ˿ħ𣿡
ԽԽǱúɭ
ЩһΪʲôͲܹɱ˷ʴһأ
ΪʲôĲˣȻ˵վŲʹ
ϴҪǲǱΪ׬ȡνľ޶潫ֵֵܸôˣԼһˣ˭ƽ棬˭
ǲƣ֪˭ôԲеĻȴôûа취̡
⻰褵ҲЩìܣ֪˵ĺеȴ޷һء
Ǻǣ𺣸Ҳ˵ô࣬Ůˣ˼ά˵а취ҪʲôݣֻҪһ֪鲻ôþͿԡ
Ÿ𺣸˵ҲģһìܣͻȻЩ
𺣸˺ü飬׳褵Ĺϵ
ҲЩԥԥҪ֪Ҫǻһ˵ôԲеĻ
˶Ѿ˵ΪЩǴɣ
һôһ仰ܹɱˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫø𺣸˵ʲôȴһִŮˡ
֪λôƺ
𺣸ûż˵ģǿ
褡
ҲԼݣֻĻȴһӾ
褣̲סȵĴ褣ɿɼģûС
Ҳ𺣸ȴۣϹżֹЦ˵ʧû뵽羯ٹˣ֪羯ΪʲôҪأ
ΪʲôкΪ쿴ôԲܡ⻰ȴһ˵𺣸ȴðһ䣺򽣰飬ô˵أЩ˸ոɱҶֵܣҪǰ̷ʲôģֵܾǷʲôǶɣ֪׼ô
𺣸ȻЩмֵӡ
⻰˵ȴƿԡ
Щ飬ʼ޷ƹȥͳ顣
˵˰ɣȻĻҸ㣬շɣЩ˶ñץֻ¾ǰΧǣǶҶ֡
𺣸˵붼ûĴ󺰵Ҫ֤ݣڳǾôᶯ֡

𺣸̲סЦ
Цʲô
ȴѾ֪𺣸׼褻ʲô֪
ЦʲôҸ㿴㶫ϣỹ˵
𺣸óһƵǸƵһǰ򽣰ʱ򱻾ΧЩھǰö֮ߵƵ

褿Ƶʱɫѿ㣬ˮסĵ䣬Һױݲ̫أҪȻѿˡ


109 
ܶʱҶϣһжֻٵģʵȴǸңҪ鶼ٵģҲ֪ʲôġªȻǵǰֻ˭Կߡ
𺣸˵һĻȴ֪а˸𺣸Ρ
ǿԣ˭Ըȥ֮ĺڰ
ֻûô
Ҫ˵ʲô𣿡
𺣸Ҳûʲô˵Ҫ˵οʲôǶٵġ

ͻȻЦЦЦţȴ̲ס䡣
֪ԼһֱֵĶǶôĿЦЩ߳ȥʱһһ˼һţȴûһҶʹЩǹ
Ϊ򽣰˵һ䣺ҪǸҵɱȫҡ
໢ֹ򽣰أ
褲֪ôԼһ̵飬Ψһ֣ɱ
Ǹȥϴ
תȥϴҪԼľȣΨԼ֪
ûκΰοɳʵЩҪ٣
һٷݣȴûκãܶʱЩֵˣһ֪򽣰ˣǾȥԸȥмоȥˣƵ
𺣸ףΪʲôЩһﾹȻ޼ɵҪ֪һǾǽ򽣰ξͿԡ
ȻǶ֪ڵûʲôܵ飬򽣰˳
ʲô취ɱ򽣰
ĵֻôһ顣
Ļ𺣸ԥһ˵򽣰Ӧң򽣰ҵ񣬵һ˿ڣ򵥵˵ϴЩˣһЩͨ׳УŮ׹ڶǶƷǵҪӯصıռϣ˭޷⡣
𺣸ĽͣǰףǵЩͿ򽣰ﶼѾİ֮һռʲôϣ
еϡ
𺣸˽⵽һʱʱһ㶣Ҫ֪һ˵飬ǻһǶ˵ȴһˣҪôҰߣҪôѹߡ
⡣
һףֻѾԼĻҪȤ
ܺã򽣰ѹ
ڳ򽣰ôҰô򵥡
о򽣰ǸӣոճʱֻǮһȽĽɫǵʱ޵е£ҲǵʱһͳеȻֻںĴս֮УС򽣰ﾹȻһٻȻһഫ˵ʱǿɽгϣų̂
𺣸ӳһ죬Ѿı򽣰ĵλıһı
оԼҶˣôһĻɫȻԼߡ
ɵ˵ҷһ¾ҶЩ
СﳤеЩҲһϵ̨棬ڿÿһɶˡ
һˡ
ʱ褽Լױݶȥˣֻʱ̫Ϥˣǻ޷ϳģ
ղŵ黹ʲôҪ˵𣿡һۡ
ûУֻҪ򽣰һҲǣֻϣǲҪֳ̫󶯾
褵Ļ˶ɵۣ⻹ǸոǸŮˣ
Ƕ֪ղǸƵ褵Ĵ̼ʮִġ
κһ˶ˡ
вûкþ죬һһαЩ򽣰˸ˣҲǵ򽣰ľá
ãȻҲķԺҪǿԺЩԼԴ
ҲһЩϢ𺣸һ㶣漴׳˼Ҫ֪ôɶԼĴˣ褳ΪǵĴˣ鶼׺ܶ࣬ң϶ǿԡ
ԡ
Ҳ׳˼ûоܾҪ֪𺣸ʲô£ԱռĶࡣ
Ĵɣ壬Ĵ֧
𺣸˵˵ȴڳ˶ЩɻΪǶû˵ĻȴǺ濴Ÿ𺣸˵
Ĵɾ򽣰κĴɿƽ⣬ʵҰֿ򽣰Ϊ򽣰о˶޷⡣
ﱾΪǿ󣬵ȴΪǱߵһֱǽԵǵں꣬ҪȻ򽣰ﶼһǵĶ֣Ϊôǿ󣬶Ϊ㹻ݡ
ҲΪûжٸ˸ȥǣʲôʲôĲײ࣬һ˵ǶǺκԱκǿֻɫľ÷ңʵǿΪ֧֣Ҳ׳󡣵ȻҪһ֧֣Ҳ˵
ʵϣ˶˵Ĵ涼֧ǳ̡硢֧гϣ־ֳһ𡣻ϣǳбģڳвʮ꣬һҲǵģڵҲѾжʮꡣ
˵˵ϣ˶˵򽣰ĺ̨ҲΪҸΪĺ̨ںһ𣬿ңֻ˽˲֪жô£֪ľǣͻϣߴΣߴΣ硣
ȻҲСĴ֧йϵСĴơ·ļ壬Ǽ嶼ʮ֮ڲŷչģǽֵܣҹ۲죬ĴΪ飬ܻЩֻҲǺ˽⣬ĸʵء
ôҪע԰ĴڸҪע⣬˵Ǿ˭֪ĸţ߻ûа취͸ȥ
𺣸һһѵ飬ûпǣظӵ飬ֻǲ֪̼Һĸһأ
Ҳ˼֮У֪Լߵļ岻ô򵥣ȴû뵽ḴӵһϣǰְΪʲô֧Լ죬ĪҲҪҵھ죿
ãЩȲ˵ҪŪ򽣰ʲô
֪֮ǽ򽣰ŪЩ۸ӣ򽣰ȴֻǹԮ
ǽ򽣰֤ݸõͿԳ׵Ķǣ򽣰ǸˣǶпܻᱻһŪ
𺣸ǿ϶˵֪һߣǾǿԶȴ漰档
򽣰Ƕĸо
Ͼռĵ鱨һҶҪ
ֻΪ򽣰һֱЩĶһЩ˵עԲûж֪򽣰ﾹȻǼ֯
ǸôõЩ򽣰Լ֤ǿ϶ǱĺܺãЩۼɨƺõЩ
Բ˵⻰𺣸ȴǺݺݵĵ˵ͷ˵ףǵ֤Ѿ׼ãڻҪһ˳ִУûЩ
Ѿ׼ã
һ˵һﲻӦȥǱߡ
ȴûжľȣ֮ǰ𺣸һʼ֪𺣸򽣰Ӧи߲㵱ӦԶԴҲʲôȡ
羯ٿԳȥһ𣿡


110 Ӧ˭
𺣸Ѿ˱ĴһôصޣŮŲʹǳˣŲ
Ҫ֪𺣸ںܶ˿̵Ĳ㣬Ͼϴģǲϴ
Դȴûκε͸𺣸ֶΣҪ֪һõ򽣰֤ˣҪ˵λͣǼȥɡ
˭֪褻᲻Ϊν壬Ǹ˸Ūв
ʱ𺣸Ĳֻٵ˭
һŭָŸ𺣸˵㲻ң
ʲôֵţϴҶţǸֻ˿֪һ˸ұضɵһˣݡ
𺣸仰ɭģȴЦ˵ĸ֪ôһ飬Ҫǳ飬˵׼˭˵ģԼһСΪͽݡ
⻰ǳȥģϾ𺣸ǲԼѣǿķѲ֪Ѫ
ӽˮǲŻȥԼ֮еƸ¶
ǲ飬Ҫ֪һ򽣰Ū£໢Ҳֻʱ⣬֪ѾҪΪˣҪȻҿ϶໢ڶʱ
ŷӦǶѾôıѣԼ˶ѣԼһİˣ
ֻǣҪ飬ĻһӶġ
ͻȻų˵𣿡
㣬ǲ㡣
⻰˵ĺеţ˼Ҳţǻһ
ԥһͻȻߵߣ˶֪ҪʲôʲôΣ
ûУνǧﶼ˿褵Ķľ
ɵɵıǿˣûбˣֱ˹ȥϡ
ҿҪǵǰٶ˰ɣ
ѾĻĹƴİ
͸𺣸֪ͷôû뵽褻һС
ĵ뷨ǲֻ࣬ǶһۣЩˣղǿߣأ
ǰ첻ģҪȻ褿
ֻҲ֪Լ鷳ˣֹˣ褸ǺڳĶ˵ҪǲԸңھȥҪĺӣܹŰɣ
ܲǸոӾͻῪȴ褵ĳڡ
ֵ𣿡
ڻζǻ촽ĸоҲ֪ԼʲôоֻʱȴЩ
Ļ褺ǿ϶˵һжֵá
˵ֵãǾֵðɣҪĸǣеǰ취
⻰ھ˲þˣֻǵȴЩء
ĺ
Ҫ֪ǲܹš
Щһᴦ˵ǣھֻĸ֪
Ÿ𺣸˵ЩȲҪ֪Ǹʲô
⻰𺣸ԥһ˵򽣰֮һ
⻰һ˵˵һǾĿŸ𺣸˵Сӵײ˶٣ﶼԱ֣
˶Сɫʱѡ򽣰ѡ໢ǸʱֻһС죬Ϊ˿ԲɣҲϵΪ칦͡
𺣸Ļһǽ˸ϡ
ֱӺͷǣ
֪ȥִΨԼźʣֱʵڵһˣûȥϸѯʡ
ûôףΪҲôǣҪֳǵĳ⣬˸Ūһ
𺣸Ҳ֪ҪЩѣȴǾȥ졣
ϾҪʲôͿԵõ붼ġ
𺣸Ļȴǵ˵ͷ˵ףҪŪûҪ˭
һһ漰˶ŪһһҪΪһӳʱ򣬾֣ǱѾ˻Ѿ׵㡣
𺣸˼ԣǸҪӦɸϴϴûпܵ飬ΨʱסСѡ
ףô㰲źãҽжʲôʱж
Ÿ𺣸ʵļ١
һᰲͷҲҪ֪˭ֻҪվ籾ߣһ㽫ǶǣҪ˷ֵĻֱɱڣ˶һɱ
𺣸ųŵ⻰óüͷ鵽ʲô
ǸӦ˭ȴ֪鲻ҪôȽϺãһʵ̫Ǻûа취С
ã㻹ʲôš
ǰȥͷϢԵȵ£ָУ
˼Ҹ𺣸󶼲˶꣬ʲôûвãûпɱԡ
𺣸ô˵棬Щƻһһг񣬳𾪻𾪡
˶޷ţ𺣸ļһôᵽ໢ĵ
Ҫ֪ǻۣҪǷڱĵطǰٷְٿһʮʢ𺣸Ҳٻ
ʲô˲ŶΪȱһǿǱǧҪǲǻǶ˵
ԼҪ齻֮󣬸𺣸ų˵һСģҲ֪ǸһǷѱ䡣
ףҪǼһñѣֻŻڲã
ף𺣸󵽵ôſԽôҪ֪ЩΧ϶˿ţһץסֻ·һ
ڰš
𺣸ӿڴóһµֻǿͱˣֻһֱţΪľʱ̡
˶ĿŸ𺣸һ̫
һ棬һСܶڲ棬ǼУƺʲô顣
Ȼ˾һڼ飬ⷿ涼һЩ
û뵽𺣸صôȻ򽣰ﶼˣҺðӢںʱѾҸŵЩ棬ҪȻֻ»ıˣǺǣһοô
ǸһС͵ⶫعרõģһ˷ʲôϢǶڶʱ֮ڱصĻʾ𺣸ոշȥϢ
ͬʱƽֻȴͻȻһϢֻ
лֵϴΰæͷ棬飬һ쵽ҲǵôҪƵ֮չ̷ֻġ
ƽһһֱûôùֻȻһյš
Ҫ⼸Щ΢Ὣóȴô֪ĺ룬оǲ˹ⷢ
ƽһԥҲ֪òţ֪ԥʱ򣬸𺣸ָ־ֻһš
־˿̻ڲֻϣֻֿһһ£һЦݵ˵һ໢ЩѹĺǼʱҽҺҵֵܻӭǣǲΪ֮ǰڵġ滹һЩ໢ոѱˡ
Ҳ־ߣһͬôŪ໢飬һֱע־飬־йôһ˿仯㿪ʼɵĿ־ʵʲôˣ
Ͼһеʱ̣־ʲô鶼ûУǲô࣬ʱòôࡣ
ǶԷشĺܺã̹̹óʲôǲǾҪˡ


111 򽣰֮
û¡
־ô˵Լֻ飬ʱһóֻǺпܻᱻ˸ֱӵͽ
һŵݣ˭ֻܹԼ군޷⣬쵰ΪʲôҪһҪ赶ɱˣ˹ݺ
ȴ˵ֻóĻҲ˵ڶ飬ҶֵܣҲҵΪˣҪû飬һǸҪһЩ飬ҲĴո໢ﱻ˸ˣһ˶ˣҿɲҵЩСҲ˸ˡ
ʲôҵһ·ĶϵһЩܣ㲻ܹҪֱֻҪֻĶ˵𣿡
־ɵĶЩԺǽ
ֻ֪־˶֪ҪûʲôĻǿ϶ֱӴ£ֻ˦ȥƴˡ
ҪҪϴԹҽ֪ճһϴ֪Ǳɡ
Ҫ־󷽷ó궼ɣҪǲɲǳ
ֻҪɵӶԿѾìܱ漰黹ǻӰ쵽ֵ飬˭֪ʲô
ЩСЩɵۣôö˶˵˾ͻһûпĶžͿԲ²
Ҫ֪ˣ˭ֻ˭
ǸԼϴͲͬ
Ļ־һŭ˵ʲô۸ûߣ
ǺǣҲ˵ֵǣֻЩҪæˣոλϴ˵ֻĶŲܹҿȴ֪Ǹйֻǲ֪ǶʲôǶҽߵ˸ס
걾Ͳһʲôˣһ仰ڳ֮˶վǺ
˵򽣰һ֮֮ǿڣҪûʲôҪǮǺʲôìܡ
ҲԼĶλǾ򽣰϶ҪҪǮ˶ô֪
Щ飬ҪԼԼſԣһεѾпܻΣǵĴڣŻġ
ЩСһĿźֻ꣬Ҫһ£鶼仯
ҿҪ˭óֲֻֻڴֱӸŪһкҵġڵģһΪᷴУھȻҪС
һŽǰӸ߷ɣҲЩȵ飬ԹԵĸǮ绰
־ȴһ亹֪ԼѾ˸ƣһӾǲҲҪзϣΪҪǣ֪ŵ˭ҪɾŶûа취
ҿʲôôһǾзг֣ҿģ磬ѵ˵Ƿ˵޵ľǷУҪҿ϶Ҫһ
Ҫ˵ô࣬ȻһУֵֻҲкܶ෴Уҿˣ˭Ǿֱȥϴ˵ʲôžǡ
ǶҪǸҶŪǣڴǵϴ󲻻Ƿаɡ
˴󺰵ֻ໢ȴЩΣǶǷУ飬ǸǺã
־Щһ͵Ŀ־⣬Ƕ֪ʲôոջ׼ȥ໢ģȴǺãֱԼڲˡ
˿ǮԼİ칫ҺЩŮңиֻֽͻȻ˲ڳʲôһѽŮ˸ƿͽ绰
ʲô飿ǮǺĵ绰Ԥеڿ϶ˡ
ϴҷһܴԹһ𣿡
ҲףЩȻкܴ֤ݣôܹҧҪסųǲġ
⻰Ǯﻹֻ֪Ǳ߷顣
ãҰСʱ֮󵽡
ǮϿӱ㳯ȥļڶѸٸϡ
˵˵СʱʵȴöʮӾ͵Ŀĵأһ·ǮĳǸַ
ӴĳҲףʲôĹ졣
ǮʱսңֳһƬŵֿŵϵµļˣٿĿѵ־⣬Щɭ˵ʲô飬ǲҪŻ
⻰Ƕ־⣬ҲǶԺ˵ģҪôûһֻͣ»Щ˸޴Ĵۡ
ϴ㿴һֻɣʱڲʱһţһŽ֮󼴿ɫ䣬ֻֻҿһۣҲ֪ϴηжûҳҲ˵˭֪Ȼ˵ʲôԸңô죿
ûͼӴףҲ֪ط϶кܶǮˣֻǰʵ˵ǡ
ϴЩĶҸұ֤ⶫûʲôϵҪ㲻ţȥѯ
־֪ǮֶΣҪᣬȫʬ
ǮЩ˵ʲôֻ֪Ҫóҵϣ
Ǯһ仰һվһǺ⣬ǿˣǶη壬Ϊ˭Կڵıжôǿ
ɡ
־Ҳ֪Լûа취ⶫֱӽԼֻӹǮ
лͨޣϴ֮δбл⣬һĵͷл⡣
ͷβûǿ˭֪Ҫ˵ʲôһϵһӾͿԿʲô
ǮЩȴûп˵һԿţȴ֪ʲôǺĿֻҪݡ
ʲôҪ˵𣿡Ǯ־˵·ʱܻŪһ㡣
ϴǶң
־Ҳ֪ͷʵҪ˼ҶĻ˵ٶ飬Ƕǰ״˼ҲҪóһЩôеʱ̡
Һü꣬Ҫǲ㣬㻹Ϊߵĵһ𣿡
Ǯ˵⻰־޴ӵ֪Է˼ȴҪһ˵ֻܹ˵ʲô֪ҪӲ˵ұѵĻҲֻܹ֤ҵס
ãһۣСӵеЩײ֤ģģҪ׵ģһ㣬ҪǳĻҲһ̣ҪҵĻкܶľġ
ǮһЩ鶼Ҫ˵־⣬ôţϾ鶼Ƥӵ£һţȴûа취ġ
֪ϴҪô˾ҪǲţҪҪɱҲûа취˵ʲô
־ĶͷЩ麹Ҫ˵Ҳٵģ£ܲͷ
ίλˣڽ֮ǰֻʲôóҪûʲô飬԰ڽơ
ǮҲ֮ˣһ˶ûŵ㣬Ǿд͸ģҲΪ˸
ڳ˶ףõĽˣҲûʲô˶˵ʲôΪǶ֪ʱþ
ϴ󣬲Ǳһ𣿾͵˯һˡ
ûдϴ󲻹Ҫ㰡һһҪȥԼ
˵ô˵ôֵ飬ϴܱ𣿡
ԳԣЩ˵˳ԶŮˣʲô
һȺ˶Ǹ˵Ц־һϵȴ亹Ƕ֪ԼϴǷѣҪıѣǿ϶ûʲô³
ûУŮ˺ͳԵģΪǹܹǽ֮顣
ǮҲ֪ҪֻǹѺĻǿ϶⣬Ҳһͷ


112 ƽ
ĻЩСܶ໽Уȴۿ־⣬·ǲŶԷ׵ġ
־ȻҲı飬˵ϴѾ˵ˣô㻹ҪҸŪɣ
ȻңҪ׵ģҺҲõŲµˣʱԵô幫棬Ϊھ
⻰ǴʱЩѹȥˡ
ǮҲˣûֹ治ϲϲģҪô˶ͺʱΣգ
ãϴ⻰𣿡־֪һھƣԺԼݶ߲֪٣ǳΪﶼ࣬˵ĶԶġ
⻰ϣǹƽ飬ҪǱ⣬Се̡û⣬ӣƽ¡
Ǯ⻰־ɫһЩȴǿʼ˽
ģҪͶүλ
Ҳ֣֮ҪҪǾͲ飬ֻǱ˸ƣֻôһţΪʲôôصİҪֲֻ֪Ǿܡ
˶ǲףΪʲôǮ顣
־ȻҲЩ˵˼Լ˵ĵĳԺ˯ԸǰھƣڵģҲ֪һ˵ңһţҲ֪ʲô·޹ģ˭޷ıʵ
˵־ⶼ߸߾Լȭͷ·ҪйԼĲ
䡣
־ЩСܶԼȭͷһ󺰵
ǮЦǺǵĿһĻ·һж޹ؽҪȴ鵭ȻˣǺӰ죬ʲôûм
갲ˣҪֵǣȥϵط
򽣰ѾһϵԶЩʲôѾаš
Ӧ˵Ұġ
־һߡ
ǮȴǴ־ߣϾЩҪá
־ֱӸߣ¶ǵĵĿ˭֪ʲô
ܶʱڰ׸ûа취˭֪־ǷѾѡ
ղŵĿںţҲڴƵºġ
Ǯ־ǰ棬Щڶǵ
ʵ˵һ䣬㱳ûУڣ򽣰ﶼûгʲô⣬ҿԸͷ
ǮͻȻðôһ仰Ҳ֪⻰滰Ǽٻ
־ȴһ㶣󿪳ϲ˵ϴΪһᱳҪ˵Һʵ࣬һὫȡ֪֮ҲָˣǾǵǼ˼Ķ֣Ҳ϶ҿܻĨɱûа취ϴ϶һܹǣ
Ǯ־Ļȴ̲סЦˣҪǱϴĻǺпܻŪ־⣬ȴǲ֪ͬ˼ʵ
־ⶼߵϴλã㻹˵ԼûҰģĻ˭š
ΪҪǣǮ֪־һ˼ܴҪԼʵǿĻֻ򽣰ﶼѾ츲ء
һбµˣ֪ɱɵľսۣڶСģµĶһ˵ʮ˵飬Ǹǿֱʡ
Ǯĵ˵һж֪顣
־ȴһҪ֪ǰʮΧ飬ֻԼ֪ڻҰ֮У˭û˵ºĺۼĨĸ֪ΪʲôԷ֪
߰ɣ͵ſһϷһһ£ҼŮHappy
ǮĻǺŮйϵ˼Ҳǲƴ֣ôŮ˶ûĥ
־ȴæҡҡͷ˵ϴնⶫѾظҽңҪٲֻԺͲýˡ
־ĻǮоЩɨ˵˵ῴұݺˣôԲа㿴˼϶ÿ춼
Ǻǡ
־ЩεЦҪǿԣҲţư
ЩŬԡ
ȥ
ϣ褱ͻңڵȴҹĵǸӦԼõʱ䡣
ֻʾʮֵʱ򣬳ԼĵطȥҲǵӰˣΪطĿԸ˶ϲͷ档
ҹҲûжˣĳڿյأмһͷȥһɫķıӰżɱ
鶼Щţ֪Ӧǵˡ
𺣸ûи߻˭
֪𺣸ô˸ԼףΪʲôҪ̡
ո𺣸Ļʲô߳ǶΪ˱Ч
ͷƹղĵطѡطǲ뱻˸顣
ա
ĽŲ֪Ǹˡ
ȿȡ
һ˾ͳ߹Էȴǽ˸ʵʵҲһɫķ¡
ǵػ

˶Ǵںڰ֮У˭˭ʲôǱ˴˳ǰʮԼõİš
ϴεлҪĻϴûа취뿪
ڰݵĽɫһСܣǾıģ˵Щ̶
ЩϻҪ˵أ
Ǹ˿˵ҲǱġ
˶ǽ˵ڽ˶һϳԷ
ߵĿڴóһU˵ҪƵϴҺ˵Ķأ
ҡ
Ǹæ˵ȴҡҡͷ˵һֽǮһֽĹأҶף㽫ĶҲһó
ߡǸ˵ͣ˼ӣŴԼĿڴóһU̡
ڰ֮У˵Ķ˴˶˴˵ĶֻܹԼԼ֪ôһ˴ڡ
˴ӹ
Ǹ𺣸ŵģǶԷˣթԼҲзӦʱ䡣
á
ǸҲͷUڰ֮С
õ׼·֪𺣸Ϊʲôţѵ˲ڼ飬ǲڼ飬Էô׼ô֣
Ǹõ׼׷ʱΧȴһƬףеĵƹһ˲俪
ͷߡ
󺰵Ҫǻ֪˸ǾͰϹһ˫ۡ
ڼˣɱ
˵Ȼҳ⣬׷
Ҷ
ʱǸﻹ֪Լ˸˰
ȴæֵܣߣΪ㿪·ҵĳǱߡͷƤЩëҪ֪м⸽Ҷſ
֪ԼղΪʲôûз֣һֻҪˣڼ飿
ʱǸͳͷȴͻȻ󺰵ƽǶץסһǰһ߲˽ͨ
ڵģʲôӰѾ˸סˣ㻹Ϊߵˣ
һѪ³û뵽𺣸ôɵ˺Ҫֻ֪ҪɵӣǶ׵ʲô
ȥͻΧڵֻܹԼѡ񳯺ȥֻҪºһжȫ
ǸһѾ˲á
һȥ׷ɱʣµһǱӵĿƽ
һѾΧطôȻеĻﶼˡ
Ҫ˵ƽͳǺߣ˭Ű
ա
ŲƽЩţû뵽óط˾ȻҲ
ǸϤݣ֪ԼֻҪ군ˡ


113 
Ⱥ֮߳ĸˣƽĸ˶ţЩ˸
֪ʲôҪҵ𣿡
Ǯƽ˵Ǽ˴ͷβڸߴƽͳϡ
ǽͷףǶһ
ҽյһţҲ룬ӦҪڲˣʱ붼û룬һΪԼԴˡ
ƽоԼӶЩãҪ֪ʮԵƭ֣һ㶼ϵ
Ŷ֪һյŵʲôӦ𣿵ʱƴأΪҲ֪˵㵱ʱҪȫԹʰɣ
Ǯмֵʧ֪ƽʲôҪǵʱԷˣǾһС飬أ
Ǯ²ƽǱƣʱô˶ţʱ˵ôһЩ黹ʲô壿
ϴǸˣڱ׷ʱ㱻ǸץסϵĶǱǸᵽ
һͷĿùǮһ˵ⶫİɣ
ҵģ涼һЩǲСӰƬʱұҪȡԷԴԷ˵ҪʱҲ֪ҪʲôҵĶԿҲ֪ƽʱһֱŶġ
ƽ˷ܵ˵ʱ϶ϴԼ۵㡣
ã꽫ϵĶùһ̨ԣƽ򽣰һ֣ҸһλᣬԷUʲôҲᣬUҪҲԲá
Ǯҿ϶ӳõU̿϶һ˵ĺϣŻ˵
ƽԼĶʮֿ϶ģǺСĵ˵ϴҪҵĶñ˸ֽš
ƽ켣Щţʲôûм
һҲ׾ֳ飬˭֪᲻Ҫº֡
ɡ
ǮҲ֪ƽҪģٺ˵ģԼҲʲô
ǡ
ƽ亹֪Լû⣬˵û飬Ƕпܻ飬ڵľôС
ƽо˼ӣܿ϶˵û⣬ҵġ
ǺǣʲôûУ
ǮȴǱȽϸģ֪϶ῴüʲô
ԷôҪ˵ûʲô˭Ű
ڼ֮䣬ǲ֪ڼ˭
Ļƽԥһ˵һ֣Կµġ
ߡʱȴվ˵Ҫˣʱֳʲô˵ģҾǴӦֵǶӦ
Ӧ
˶ǶѾ֪ץڼ飬ж˶׼ֻʲôģһĶǼŪ
ҪУԼŪԼ
ƽɲžôһǾѾ˸ֽš
һֱûô˵ĺȴ̲סҡҡͷƽֻڽӡ
֪ƽӦ޹ģǸԸ־һڼ顣
飬ûʲôãΪҪ֤ݡ
š
Ǯһ仰꿪ʼʼ־ⶼվԶ
˵ǸСǲڼ飿֮ԺҪѹһƽϾԷûʲôͶˡ
ĴɣǶѾϵҪҪȥǸͲܵ顣
Ǻǣ˭Ҳûа취˵ЩǶûпҪȻԼĺܲң飬֪ͺá
־ЦʲôһУһ˼ҵᡣ

ȴ̲ס̾Ϣһ˵ôһûУҲǿϧûʲô飬ǲ֪˭СӣڷŵỤƺܿͻ֪Ρ

ͻȻǵԴ޴˶Ǳ߿ȥ
ҿЩƬô𣿡
Ĵ
绹ô͡
˶֪ƽһôһãЩƵҲӦþЩƵ
һүô͡
ʱһ˵ӵԴ־ŭĳƽȥ˿ƽһ͡
ܣû飬־ҽͣƵġ
ƽ֪Ƶ֣ѾǷ˴ɣ˼ߣЩƵҪʲô
ûдƵ־⡣
Ҫ嶯
֪ƽһһ֣־ֱӱڵʱԼʶ־һ㡣
ƽҲǳصģƶȣ붼ûһȭȥƺҪһȭ־ˡ
ꡭ
ƽû뵽ֻһʼȴǱԷֹۣ־ô꣬Ȼ֪֡
ǮĿƵȻһʼŮ飬Ǻȴ־ȥ̸ЩƵ
Ҫȥ־Ƕ
걾Ϊƽ˵ʲôǿԼҪɱƽȨûд
ֻ˭ܹ޵ߣڳȥ̸еʱ򶼸Ķ֣Ҫڱĵطأ
ġ
ǮҲ򶷵ˣ־ʵǲƽ
˹ɪԺǾҪúú֪ϲʲôȥ档
ʲôҪ˵ϲˣʲôо
ʲôоȻΪһ˹û
ҾϲˣôŶҪ֪һǼǧͲĶ
ڴ򶷵־ȴһǻ֮һ
ˡ
ǮͲܹټˣҪȻֻǼҪѱ䣬˼ŬΪףԼȴڷĶ
Ǹںͺ겫ˣȴѾĵʱ
˭֪ƽʲôý֡
˵ҲλǰҪİֶҪðȥӾǲҲѣ㵹ǹݶ
־⿴ƽǷŭûм˵
ƽʱпԣҪ˵ûйϵҲҪŲſԣĿǰ˭Ļﰡ
ڸʲôͽ£˵⣬
ǮѾƽһ
ƽ붼ûֱӳͻΧ֪ԼҪǻǲ·һ
ֻǣʱҪ߶Ѿˣ־ôܻһߡ
ɱ
־һ˶ɱȥƽһ˶Ըʮˣһȭ͵һˡ
ֻûʲôã־ҵһᣬһŹȥƽֱǶˡ
ҪŪ»ڣ˵ҵҪ֪˭
־⺰ʱ˭а취ְ
һ󵶿ȥƽ֮Ѫط
־⣬ö
ĺңû֪֮ǰʲô飬ʱ˶ڿƽ
˵˭ɱһİҪŪҵˣĻ֮˶Ҳ
־ŭ˵Ļ˶ҿ
ˣ϶һҵҪ֪ŪϣҪŪʲôˡ
ỤǲһǶкܶܣʱǮ׼ЩȥҲƶϳʲô


114 ͨ
ϴһЩȴǲò˵֪ϴԸң
˵ϣ־ûгƪۣȿǮѯһƺʲôҪ顣
Ǯĺǲ֪־һĿԺǿҵˣȻԷ˵϶ʲôֵ顣
־Щίں£һҲ޷Ǯԥͷ˵ɣ
쵰¸ôҵЩһҪҽ飬ֻǶҪ촦
־ûмþգҪƽ˸նɱ
ϸҲ֣Ҫ֪־ֻǱ껳ɣ¶˸
Щ¶˸ץţһʲô⣬ֻ»ᱻ˸նݳ
ĵ˱˸նɱʲôᣬΪһϴҪûа취СһЩԺ˭ظ
һΪҪǾҪնݳ˭֪ƽһûʲôң
ĶǶˡ
ƽĲôǶ£Ǻõû˵ҪмʲôģҲ֡
ڳ˶ˣû˭ʱ̷ˣƽ¶ԸҴɱ
ƽΪ˱ɱǣСܡ
־Ҫնݳ뷨Ҳ⡣
ǮΪ־Ҫ̣˭֪ȻҪЩ˸
żŭ־⣬ΪСǴˣȴû뵽ҲһҪ˵ȥƽڼ飬ôš
ϾƽҪ̣ǾͲô
ƽʱЩɱɱ飬ǿƽȥģսûƽô
ƽһȭͷͲ뵽ӴˣҲΪ˶֪ƽûʲôӡ
һֻ֣ҪɵӶ֪ڹƽ
ֻΪҪȶЩ˵˼ǮŻ˶ƽ֣ⲻ˽ڲ
ƽһЩ˶ģҪЩ˶˸Ļֻǻĺ
ǮҲûóóȻڣҲ֪־˵ûд
־±˸ƣһǱ⣬ЩҲᱻϴһط֮ôĲпᡣ
Ҫ־˶ϴƽ˲ϴʲôѵƽǮ飿
ʱضķɲʲô顣
˼ȫҪŪǮὫԼŪֱӽЩ־˼
־ȻҲ֪Ǯ˼ʲôǸкôǡ
˵ǵģЩ˶Ūܶ˶ĸҲһЩǣҲҪûսҲĳһڽϣͻȻ˸ΧϴҲ֪СܣԼ϶ģҪ鲻ĻֻһӶ
־ĻǮĬһֱ־ϵҲ˵ϴ˾ҪҪ֪ڶѺţҪЩȴųȥôƽ⻵֣Ϳ˳ۣһﲻʲôˡ
⻰Χ˲Ц磬һȺ˭ʲô˰
ûдϴЩͽ¿϶Ҳͽ
ϴܹԥҪ˼һ۽𾦣ֻѾĶ֣һǵжԵ֣˵绹Ի𣿡
ֻҪϴһ£ҾֱŪЩһͿЩһﲻ˳ۣΪԴ򣬽ǣֱӶȭߡ
ط˶ǮĵϵЩҲĶһô˱ĻǶкܶλÿȥ
Ǯĵϵڱƹ־мЦݣЩ˿ڣƽ˰˾ŲʮӲˡ
ҪǮԼĵϵĻǮҲᵽͷ
ѣɢȴǼ仰һ飬ҪɣľôӵĶ
ϴ󡣡
Ҳģʱʲô˵ǵʱ˵ûе
Ϊ϶һǶҪһͬʣȻĻһЩͨСܾʹȥһЩͷĿĸʲôģֱӵȥ
һ仰ǽЩ˵Ĵó˶һǶôȴҲûҪɱôˣܶ˿Щһ𣬻ǴоͿԡ
ǵľҲֻôһӣΪ֮ǰ֪ݶȴû뵽˻ôݡ
һ˭ȥִжһ⡣
ȥ˸˭ҪǸͨ籨ʲôǾ͵һȥЩ˾ͽ㴦Ҫɱ޹
ǮǺ˵Ѿһ㣬ȻҪҪĳһ㣬Ҳ֪ЩԼˡ
Ҳ֪һȥضѪɺӡ
־˶һӣҪǲЩ˸𣬶Բ֡
áûظ˵ʲôһȴ
ϴҵأ
־Ǳ飬ǿ˵Ҫھƣⲻ֪ʲôһӡҪôĶƨҷһ˭죿
ãˣھƵ֮һԪϲμӣɷ񣿡
ܶǮµˣǶܴ˶ѾΪһĴڣʲôкȼ
ЩҲףֻҪԼɣһ㶼ʲô飬ǶϣڲϵˣǶѾˡ
ԡ
־Ҫֻһ⡣
ȥ飬־⡢Ǹ
黹ûôϾҶҲЩʲô֪СܲΪ
ʵϣܶʱĲҪ
ƽ֮һΪ˸ݺһΪƽ̫࣬⣬Ŀˡ
ǮĲˬƽǽȻǿ֪Ǽ˶ȥ֮ʣµ˵ҽ˵װóȥ
ǡ
ЩСܶԴ˶ûʲô⣬Ͼÿһζ
ԶԶƽ˸ӵ棬Ĳǰ
Ҫ˵ûдҲ٣Щû뵽ƽˣ˵͵ס
Щҡҡ׹־⣬˷ҡֱϾ
ĪˣֻҵĽأ
ѾоϢ֪ƽԲڼ飬ʲôڼⶫҪǣǾǡ
ֻǮµģ־µأ
ΪʲôǮ֪ͨƽǲǮ֪ƽ
ƽΪʲôأ
һϵе⣬˭޷𰸡
ޱĳȥ޴֪ĵ뷨
򽣰жһ棬˾ſеĻ
һεôǮȿڣڳĶˣȻû˻᲻֪˵ʲô
ƽڼ顣
־ȿ˵⻰ȴ˵֮Уֻû뵽־ôֱ˵
֪
Ǯ̾ϢһҪԼ˭סҪƽ֮ǰ˵ôһ㣬ɱ֡
ϧ
ǰǿ˭пܻڼ飬ҿ϶ڼĸ֮СĻǮüͷһĸ˾򽣰ĸϴֱ׵Ļô̸
Ǻǡ־ЦЦϴô
һô㶫
ǮóԼֻһƵ
ųǳ͸𺣸ǵ̸ʹ褵̸档
־ɫǾʣ̲סһڿˮһʱڽ򽣰ˣ־⻹˭׼Ū


115 
ϴǣ
־Ǹӵ˵ĶЩģ˵ҪǮⶫŪҲ֣Īɱ˵鲻ټ
Ǯ˵ɸˣҲ˸ҡ
ôһݶֻҪˣǲ֪˭
ⶫ缸˳໢ﰲŵ˴ģû뵽Ч㿴о죬г̼ҹӣ򽣰ĸ߲Ĵڡ
ǮЦе˵ҵ˶Щ
ϴҪŪң
־ûзΪ֪ǮĺݽɫԷȻĻⶫ϶Ѿ׼
Ū㣿ǮЩʵΪʲô
Ϊʲô棬ǸһѾˣʣһ
־⵹ƽĺܣҪǱѾҡ
ȴǲϾУɲԼĪĲκϽȥ
ֻ뵽ǮɲֶΣĵӶЩë
֪Ϊ˵ĻҾֱŪ㣿
ȻǣҲɡ
ǮƽĿ־һۣ־Щ޷²Է˼
ʱҶ룬˵˭ڼ飿˺ܾãôûа취뵽ϻһݶŽĵһ˲ֺԶҶ֡
ǮĻ־亹ðҪ˵£ٵģʲôûĺǺǶʲôûп
Ϲκϣǻˡ
֪ҿһ𣿡
־ǶҪװס
ɡ
ǮŪһƵǸƵһΧɱʱ㣬ڸߴʮס
־һӾͿڵբԱߣһ˿բɫȴǻָûйϵ
Ҳò˵ǸĻ֮˺Ǵȥƻբƽĵڶĸǡ
ǮҪҵˣûҲ־ǵͷ֪ʲôȴЩɻ˵˵ƽǱԩģ
ôܲǱԩҪȥҲȥһҷʱƽߣûнӵκεĵ绰ǲо˳Ǳ߻ܲ𣿡
ǮĻڳ˶Щ٣ǿ϶ǹȥˣȥ˭⻹Ҫ˵
һǱߵˣֻˣһ־⣬һ
ϴǻң־鲻˵
еǼ˶֪˴ԸЩ˵û˼ǮƺѾ϶ڼ˭
ȻҪ֤ݣ˶ϡ־ǿ϶˵
֤ݻеģѾ㵽ȥһ˵ĵ̡Ǯʲô鶼ƿ֮УԿ򽣰ﶼָơ
ҪУǾŪҪûУҪҪŪңҲûа취
־֪Է֤ݵģҪȻƸղ
ȥ֪ǮصЦ־һ⣬ԷЦмֵĲҲ֪ʲô
һֱںǱأֱһһ
ֱӳں档
̾ϢһҲ֪ǸǲԼѣǸղĶ˱򽣰ƽ
ģ˵һûпλһԱɵôˣʱǿ϶кܴĻɣ
Ǻǣ黹ͺãҲ˼ЩϵûȥЩǱԵ˻л᣿ֻԺӹһ㵹ġ
𣿶ˣ˵ƽǲڼ鰡ôоԷڼ飬иղߵǸСӣǿʮ˵ã˵ǻˣô
Ҫ˵ô࣬ЩҲֻ֪һСʱ˼˵ʲôǾ͸ʲôʲôҪҪȻǻ˵ġ
˶۷׷ףҲЩǵ㵽ֹʹ߶ûбˣǻľԡ
Ҳֻ˵һˣϾǻҪ뿪ط
ȥһҪʸ𺣸󣬵˭Ӧܸӡ
оԼѾ޷࣬ÿһ˶ӦΪʲôԷUȴжأ
ۡ
ͻȻоԼ˫ȱ˸һ£붼û룬˫һȥ֪һȥˣǲ·һ
顣
Ķһʹ֡
ȿȡ
׼ߵʱԱ߼һ˸ɫ£Ǹ˻Ѫϳ˾ȻǸղѾ˸ƽ
Ҫ֡
׼ֵʱƽȴǿ˵
ôû
⻰ʳǹ죬Ҳ˭һ˸ӽӵˣȴ֣˭°
֮ˡ
ƽЩήңȻղ˵ĺء
໢Ӧĵһ㣬Ͳ֪ƽǲԼˡ
ƽһ㶣Ҳ֪໢Ӧ˭
Ϊ֪ģô֪ˡ
Ҳ֪Щ鲻ҲģȻ㲻ǣֻܹ·ˡ
˴ҪҲЩ鷳ģʱ򣬳ȴǹ˲ãˣǲȥ
Ҫ嶯ǲĵˣ໢ˣҲҴȥɱģ˵ǻкء
ƽһĳޣ֪Щ˶֪Ǳ˸ԩģȴûһ˳Ϊ˵һ乫ʹϴǶ˳ˮ۽Ū
޷
ҡҡͷƽȴһŵ˵ôܣ㲻໢ϴ𣿡
ڳûκεڵƽһ۾ϳΪΪ뺷ˡ
һеǴҹʹȡõġ
໢ϴûдҪƽʱԸҿ϶ܸˣ϶Ǳ໢Ӧز˵ҪҴ㣬Ӧô룿
⻰˵ĺףƽҲ׵ĺܣѪЩ漴Ĭһʱ˵ԸңǸӦ˭𣿲ҪңĲ֪ǸӦҪûǵİôܻ䵽һ
Ĳ֪
ҡҡͷ˵Ϊʲô𺣸ʲôҪ֪Ļʹǲ˵ᱻ˸ȴǲͬʲô֪Էôǲ֪
ƽһѪڲϵҲ֪Ĳ֪
ҸȥɣҪĴҲĶ֣ҲǻǿԺģҪҪ޷Ը
ƽѾִ֮УԸǱΪ˱ʲôԸ
á
ڽƽȥûʲô
ȴǲֱӽ˸ȥ˭֪᲻ʲôư
Ѿ˸ŪƽȻûôôţ˼ҵʧ
ƽǷҵ֮лûп޴жϡ
ȥƽųʵԥһ˵ˣ
ˣЩ˵׼ȥҵˣֻ𣿰Ҵһ绰ҵЩĸߡ
ƽ֪Щ˵һĸں޷£Ǻпܻᱻ˸ɵ
á
ʪܵ·óһʴĶ棬Һÿһγ׼ҪȻʲôûС
šԶԶĽֻӸƽƽˮһڣ͵ЩĿų˵ֻ
Ҵ绰ŲͬĿΪӦ顣ֱֻ֮ˣø鷳
֪Ҫͨ绰ˣǺܼ򵥵飬ԲΪʲôҪֻӵ


116 һλ
á
ƽڳĽ̲ס뵽ԼҪгĽҲ䵽ڵ³
ƽѸٲĸֻȴĿı飬ƺҪж϶ԷǷҪʲô롣
չʲôҪʣڴֵܣѾ׼ɱǣס˭Ҫţ˭ҪӴҸող㱻ǸɱвҪֵһţҰٺãǻɽӡ
ƽƶ߻ԲŻ˵໢򽣰ڼ飬϶ʲôûɫȻĻлᡣ
òΪƽĹϲĿһ㶼ˮǰǸ绰Ǹչġ
绰ֱӲͨ𺣸׼õĺ룬绰һ죬Ǳ߾ͽͨ򵥵һ仰߳˵⣬ƽҵˣƤװŸں׵ʱͻȻҪͶǣߣҪ㡣
ϴ㽫˸ԼĵطҲ׼Ǩƣжг֡
𺣸˵⻰ʱĸоóЩƣôû뵽ԼôôС
ãעⰲȫ
鲻֪ƽ
Ǳкܶڼ飿ƽڳҵ绰֮ͻȻ˵żɻ
ڼ飬ǶУһ֪ʲôȻѱ䡣
Ҳ֪ʲôôĵĻﶼȥ
룬ӦǮ簲źõˣڼǰ򽣰ܲļһͻȻʧˣʱǶңǮ˵ңһС濴һ򽣰ʧٵˣӦþǰǱߡ
ƽҲʲô֪һֱ֪ԼߵĸǮŵڼ飬Ҫչ˶ǹĽ飬ôҲҸչ绰
ҪǱǮ֪ûĻֻҪͷ
鲻֣͸𺣸ﶼ֪Ҫڱİ棬Ǯ϶ҲҪȻһǰ״
ûа취ϳǸ˭ô˼һ˿뷨һϳˣ໢ʱȫ˭ҪһʱڼţһֶΡ
ֲ֪ÿһ˶ʶ˵ˣȥʹҪ书ǿҲ֪һ˵ȻֱӳҲһ
˵ղŵ飬ƽǷŭҲ֪ЩŭҲֻܹлᱨ˵
˵
һϰĵطȥ˵ǿϣҲͱһĵطֻǱ΢Ƚϵͣ
ȥƽʶȤԶȳȥ֮Ÿҿ
ûзϾ˶ʲô໥εˣıģҪǳں棬ôȥһ͵ϮǲҲҪˡ
ɣ
Զ˵ƽȴʲôġ
ΪǴų̸֪໢϶Ҫ˲š
˳ȥ֮ǳѾ˸Ūˣ˿飬Ǿ߻ȥ
㻹б߰ɣ
ƽʵҲڵһߵһʱ·ϡ
û飬֮ǰصƶûһ϶Ҫ
ƽ赭д˵·ոձĲ
ò˵棬ƽһӣһʹشˣҪ֪ղƽǴǺˮġ
ߵг⳵ʱǾͿʱȫ
Ҳô࣬еҪȥҸ𺣸мǲȴҲİ
˲СʱһʿҪ֪Ϊ·ʪܵ·˶·ѵӵ˵ȫ¶
Ҫһ󵨵˾˭Ҫϳ
Ǹ˾ûзΪ˶·
˾ȥ·ոձ˸ˡ
ɲ˵Լ˸׷ɱ鷳
ãǮ𣿡
˾ĵ飬ƽȴڵģĳǣүʲôʱ򶼲ȱǮϴǮ𣿡
ƽһʼŵģǺżǵãԼѾ˸ŪˣҪ˻ʲôгĻǵʱ򻹲˸֣飬ɲ
ЩĿƽһﻹԻ죬ǶѾǱ£ˣһڵӾ涼ǼͿĳƱ
֧תˣ˳ȥЩ·Ǯ㣬ҪʲôƷ
ľЩ¿ƼǮʲôĵûôǮ·棬ǶѾõĲģԶˡ
ԡ
Ǹ˾һ⻰쳵·ĵطȥҪ֪һж󷽡
Ū֧Էתˣֱӹһǲ봩ʲô·
һ֮˱͵͸𺣸ԼĵطѾһСʱԺ
ǻĽҰ⣬˾ôģջǳֱӱԼ֣ҳԼŸǸ˾Ǹ˾ŷӦ
˼ǳ˾˹ȥȻǲʲôΣա
סǵ鲻Ҫ˵ȥҪʲôСȥҿ϶㣬֪ĳƺţֻ㿴ǡ
˾˵ǲ뺦˶Էһ鱻򽣰֪ˣҲһ鷳顣
˾ҲףЩǲ˵ģų˵г¼Ҷɵ
ϵߡ
ƽˣ˳Զһµĳȥ
ϴ󡣡
濴磬һʲôֱӶ֣𺣸ڳţڼء
ϴ󡣡
̵𺣸Ҳӳ
ƽ
ͻȻ̿ˣͲټһ
̡
ֹɲǴܵģҪҲط
ϴ򽣰ļһﺦôֵܡ
̺ҪŪƽΪԷ򽣰ˣ𺣸ȴǿ˵żʲôҪ˵ףǾɱˣҹԹԵĴš
𺣸ŻǱȽϸߵģҲ֪𺣸һˣˡ
ԴҲ⣬𺣸ǻۣȴû㹻ѹЩˣ޷ͳ˧ȫ֡
ãǸ𺣸󣬺ܸ˿㡣
𺣸ƽǵһμ棬ƽȴЩɬЦҪǿܵĻǲϣ㡣
𺣸ƽĻϾ֮ǰݣǿǲܴ󣬵أ
ƽпܻڸ𺣸ַԣ֮ǰô˸ô죿
ǺǣҶûģҵƣǱߣϧǸһﻹǲĺҪֱնͷ­
𺣸Ļƽмŭ漴ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ĲԩҪ໢֪ҪһôһڸһλñԣԺҲǰ漸Һȴǲܹҡ
ƽһε֮˵͵˲֪٣ҪǷ֮ǰôô͵
ޡ
ȴǺܲҪ֪вֵ֪ܶҪλǶûлᣬһ˾Ҫλ


117 
ƽȻ֪ΪʲôķӦҪ򽣰˸˵϶ὫЩ˸ӵֵܶûλҲ䣿
ҪΪƽ⣬ƽЩֵܣ˶Ѿ㹻λá
ûа취ƴ˵ȻͶ࣬ѫҲ١
ֻΪЩ޷رܵӰ죬Żᵼ
˵һƽˣµˣҪôǱϴҪôֱλôпʵ
𺣸ƽ˵ͲұҪ֪˿ңҪɱңҲǴñ
ǺǣԩͷծҪҪƣҲҡ֮Уܴûдֲ򽣰ôŪʲôãҪŪҵ򽣰ĸ֮һҲûкô
ƽͷԺʹЩҪλŪΨЩѾλϵˣԲҪŪ
ϾĴڣѾӰ쵽һЩ˵Ĳ֣Ըĸ˭ûʲô̫Ĺϵŵ鷢
˶ΪǮˣǿϧǣҪȻǮôŪ
ƽô͸ǾȣôƵһ̲סʵΪʲôԹ
Ϊʲôƽмֳ飬ΪҪΪ򽣰飬Ҳ֪˭ڼ飬ſ϶֮䣬Ҳ˰ŵˣҿԸ˭
ƽһ൨ģϧȴǱ˸ı档
𺣸̲ס̾Ϣһ˵Ǵϧ뷨Щƻʵ˲ҡU̻ߣǵõǸ׼õĶUĶŪ򽣰һͷ
ණһһ𺣸Ѿһиźãֻһִˡ
ͻȻ뵽ҪǵԼи𺣸ôһˣԼֵҲͲ֪ԼҪִʲôһһĺ֣ǹĶ֮ģЩϾЩʱʱ;֮жѻġ
Ѿ²⵽Ҫ򽣰ˣֻж򽣰ģһģϧǺܻܿᵹǵĽ¡
ƽǿ϶˵Ѿһٵĸ߹˸𺣸󣬵ʵȴôһС˼Ͳ˼Ҹ𺣸Ķ֡
ޣҪ໢飬ҪϴӦҲֻһСѣҪҪҶ԰һѣԸʲô֤ǡһѣǻ˽ǡ
ҶʲôҪûʲôŷĶƽɹѹֻ֮¾ǴҷֵʱЩΪĸо
ǶѾǿվȽŸûƽļ룬ǶЩС鷳ȴʲôΣա
ƽĴڣǱ״
͵̶ƽֻҪԷ޷˵ʲô˾Ҫ֡
һԸǣֻҪ𡣡
ƽĺܿ죬Ҳ֪ѾһߣҪǲóĶողֻҪ
ʲô
Ǻ棬ʲôԾƽҪ֪ڳ˿סƽĶĶǷ
һ֤ҪóȥֱǹС
ƽΪ˱Ҳ˲
͸𺣸󶼶һۣ˴֮е˷ܣҪľĶ
ֻҪĶڣƽû̫෴أһʼǶھᣬôһбµֱŪǸǶô˷Ѱ
ȴǲþᣬΪǶѾҵ
ⶫĿóƽʵҪ֪һϣԺƽϴ֮գٿǵϡ
ȻҪⶫ㣬˭𣿡
ƽô˵Σȴֻγ
ƽһ㣬ЩĪԼûкʲôϵⶫôηԼϣԼӲ
ȻҪǲⶫϴϣκһʲôΪôҲṼ㣬ҪǴõǶҿԽǸ˵ָ㡣
𺣸֪Щûתֱӽ⻰˵ſƽġ
Ҳ׹ԷΪ˸ڸԼȻˣҪȻԺЩҪƽʲô飬ƽŤԼȴǲͬԼôҲϴҪƽȥ飬ԷʹĸԸǶֻܹĬĬȥ
뵽ų׻̲סĿ˸𺣸һۣʲôһӶ뵽Сӵͷôİ
ãǶùԺ໢ˣһ仰Ҫ㣬֮ǰǱôģҲ㣬໢ȴҪΪһˡ
˫˸Źâƽ˵֪֮ǰƽ£飬Ҳû˼ȥ׷Ƿɣһ㣬ȴҪ˵
ƽЩ׵ʵʲô˼
֮ǰ򽣰飬߲ܹ°֮飬Ҳ֪˶٣ߣʲôܹ
һһĿƽ˵ûʲôȣΪǶ֪ҪŸϴףҲһֱġ
ƽЩɵۣͻȻ뵽֮ǰЩ˶˵໢Բˣһŵ˲ȥŪЩۣЩŲ̊ѧϰ˼⣬Ҫʲô
ƽȴвͬĸдͻȻſųʵΪʲô
ΪʲôЩǳ˵ֻҪΪ飬Щ˭ûа취׸ϾɱǿǾ͵٣оܳȴҪͨ˿԰ȫߵĵط
ڳ˵ģƽ⣬򽣰ǶĴڣ֪˶ҹ·ΪǶ֪һҹ·пܾͻز
ֻҪĻ˵ֵܵܶܲˡ
ƽԽԼȴὫԼֵܸˮ
ҵЩֵҲҪأ
ƽǾʵЦЦĿһۣ˵أ
Ҫǲأƽǹĵʵ⻰̾Ϣһ˵ҪǲصĻҲǼ򵥣Ҫڲˣɱ⣬ҪˣзʰǶҪúЭ񡣡
⻰ֱӣֻҪ£Ǽ·һ
ƽʳǲǳԱûȴ֪Լ¡
˵ģҶЩףҪǸǣÿһмʮ룬иֲҪҪŮˣǳеǣңʲôЩ鰡
ƽ˵֪ƽ϶ΪЩǣѾ̣ȥҲ׼ΪǴá
ƽԥҲûʲô˵ģƽһ˲ûǲͬˣҲûʲôҪһ
Ա֤ô룿Ҫֵ֪кܶˣÿһʮĻһ¶Ҫһǧ򡣡
ƽ֮ԥΪ򽣰ʱЩֵܴɱɱŶǮ
ҪôǮɵӲŻȥЩ顣
Ǯʲô治˰
ֻҪõˣ͵ĻҶΪǰŹߣֻҪû̫⣬ҶһĹ
ϾҲʲôƻʲô˶ҪǶЩ͵ˣȴǲġ
ƽȻҲ֪ﶼҪֻЩĵ˵Щֵֻɱɱ
ƴ𣿡˸һĪĹâڴʵڷ桱̫࣬ҲҪˣȴһֱ㡣


118 򽣰ﶯ
ҡ
Ҫ˵飬ƽҿ϶ǶԼһֵ̳ˣǿ϶˵
⻰˵Ҫĺ˵ҿԱ֤Ǻһʮ򵽰ǰҪš֪ҵġڷ桯ɣһЩҹʹսˡ
ƽô᲻֪ЩˣһںԼֵ˵Щ˲ĺӡ
Ѫ֮ôװս飬ǿ൱˵á
ƽһս˲Ż֪ܶʱսʱʲôʱ׼ôණȥ䡣
ֻҪҡڷ桯ڸϼ֮Ļţǰ᲻ÿ켸ĻӻȻһطҶһҪ󣬲ܹ˵һ仰ΪҲҪ֮ǰЩҲ˵Ҫǳ飬ԼŻ
֪ƽ϶໢ϾԷҪ𣬾Ҫ㹻˺֪һҪˣʲô鶼ġ
ƽԥһջҧҧ˵ûƭң
Ǻǡ
˶̲סЦ𺣸ֱӵ˵ڵʲôҪƭ㣿ϴȻ©Ƕֵǣȴûл˵ģһϴں˴սʱһϺôͼһΪֵġ
ƽЩŵʵһȥЩһ鷳ģ
Ȼġ
ϴֵûа취˵ǰҲֵܡ
˶Ϊ˵ϾҲѾƽ˼໢
Ҳûװ˵Լô֮ģΪԼֵܣѾõĲܹٺá
ãҪЩ˵Ը໢Ǿ͸һ·ǣһ֮Щ飬һŻ
ƽǿ϶˵˵ͷ˵ģҲ˭ֻҪϵˣǶҪ
û⡣
ƽҲ֪һطҪ
˫ѺõĽ֮ĸ˶ڳϣƽǴȥǶ
Ƕƽϼҵһ涼ƽӺ˽Щ۵Ƭ滹һˣǾ
Ҫǻôһڣƽ罫ⶫ֮ⶫΪľгһͶ·ʱ򣬽һ
òƽݣȻⶫһ΢Ǿ̽Ķ
ԷҲǱʯٵ̬ȣҲ⡣
õ֮󣬼һطϢһϵı˶۵ĹǺ
ڴϣͻȻһϢ򽣰ƽΪ򽣰ֱӱ˸˶Щ޷š
Щɵ֪Ϣֻһڲ죬˭֡
֪˶ףƽǲᱳ򽣰ǾǲŲ죬϶򽣰ڲ˳֣Żһѽƽ
ܲ
ʤŶͷڣһֱû˯Ϊ򽣰飬֪ʲôôͻȻôʡ
Ҫֻ򽣰ﵥڲìܣգǸݵõϢκһˣֳһڳ̼ҡ
ʤһ뷨Ǹ˾ǳҲԣҪ֪Ǹ˿ǲ㱻˸ŪΪһƻðգ
Զһֱطţ֪ʤǳʲô̾Ϣһ˵飬飬ǲͬģҪǻ㣬ԼΪ˼ԼСһ˺͵ƴ𣿡
Զ֮ǰЩˣԴӶ֮¾ѹ
һ˫ǵججĴۣʱܹСκһˡ
ʤ̾Ϣһ˵֪ܹ֮ոջһʱ䣬ôֵһҪ˵򽣰ڲû˽ͨǴš
ʤôųôͿԲֳɹҪ֪򽣰ˣʲôƲ磬ˣˣôܻᱻôͨ
ˣֻСһֱǻΪ棬ǲ֡
Զ챻༸ΣڳѾһر֪಻ܵ飬˳϶ʲô顣
Ҳɣ
ʤпһͻȻֻƴ
ϴǮŪˡ
ʤոսͨ绰ȴôһףɵˣⶼʲô
飬Ҳ׷ʲô飬ôôͻȻ
ʤҪˣȥһ˶֪ʲôתۼ䣬ˡ
򽣰ǲӽˮһɱôˣΪ򽣰˲żüã
˵ʲôǾ֮򽣰ڲìأ˭֪ԼǷһȥˣȥ˭Σ
ֻ򽣰Ҫ¡Զ̲ס̾Ϣһ²϶ǳģʤȴһ˵ı£
ǿԿšûı£ҸӵˣôܻĿ飿
Ҫ˵֮ǰԶ컹ҿ϶ǳԳ֣˭֪ơ
һ˲䣬ʤĶЩûôǿļı
һǳŪģԺߵĸֶҪı䡣
򽣰Щ˲
ʤɻ
Ϣͨ˶ڴ飬ǵӾ綼ûôʡ
򽣰ͷһһڶʲô
׼ȷϢû֪һжס
˻˯б绰ѡ
򽣰ģ
ոսͨ绰̻㴫֮Щ˷ܡ
ЩԺ˵ʲô飿֪򽣰﷢ʲô飬Ҫ˵飬϶ڲ绰
ƽˡ̻ҲƣҪǳĻ˭Ҫֳ֪һǳ̼ҵġ
Ժٺͣ򽣰ô𣿡
ЩԺĳһӾѹû뵽˳ĵزæ˵ʵҪ֪ǹϵһļƻ
򽣰ڽ䱸֮УǳжܴܵӰ죬Կ򽣰ڲ˺ܴ⣬ҵҲʬ壬ͷֱӱӵҲ֪˭µ֣˶˵ǮҸоǸһûô嶯
̻ҲǸЩڼ鴫Ϣжϳ򽣰һЩǶǵĶɲ˵õʱ˳뷨ѾԲ²ǳġ
ˣʲôҪջУң򽣰ܿͻᵹ¡
Ǽ˵Ա߼˯ŵ˶ѹһ˷ܵĿųϾһĺϢ
򽣰ôˣڲӦñȽϱֻڲĻ̻̣ǵĻᡣ
̻ףһжǳѸٵ˵Ҫʲô˵
ãýǣЩ˹ǽ򽣰ûа취ͣϾ˲ǿԿ϶ģЩŵ飬Ǵǲء
á
ǳ˵̻Ҫ֪Щ˿Ůֻ˵ȴԵôȻŮǳҪˡ
ȹˣ±˸ء
Ҳڸоȫʱ򣬲Žֻ򿪣ҪȻػϾڵʱЩС
̻ҲףɾĽ绰ҵ


119 Ĺ

绰ҵ֮󣬳ͻȻЦ˶С
ˣȻ˸նɱ֪ʱǲһĲİ
뵽飬Ī泩뵽һ㱻ǸǸпǧ
ϴˣ
𺣸಻סļʵ鶼ǽţʷĶ
Ժ˷ĳʷǾͻ֪һĴɽ򽣰ǸɵһȺҶһ𺣸ɱ
뵽飬𺣸֪ӿ١
ƽȴǸоôĲʵҪ֪֮ǰҪŪ˼ҹ룬Լϣôס
Ҫ֪ˣˣȴҲ
ⲻò˸п޳
ˡһѽ˯Լߵĸ𺣸ţǵһ󹦳һеļƻٸ𺣸ġ
顭
ϣҵͷ
һʱЩֱӽ𺣸ͷײ˳˶ں̺ƽǰš
˼̫ˣһȷɣҰ˵ǮԳ֣ˣǵʲôȻ
Ǻʵĺ֪ʲôǮʧȥǡ
ƽ飬ǿ˵Ǽϲòʲô
˶޷̵ĶһκƺǮŸϣǮŮҲǱˣֻǮһֱ֪˭ģΪ˲ʯ󺣣ǵǸصĶ
𺣸˵ȻԵõģǼıȴǳ
ҿ
ףΪʲôǮʧȥǣֻҪһѪԵ֪飬Ƕʲô֮˵˵ǲݵ顣
СҺߣҪȻҾƴҪɱˣȻĻǽô찡
ͻȻ뵽Ƕôôһ˳ıײߣԼپǣ˵ֱһӡ
ȽǵӦɱˡ
𺣸ȴ֮˸ź⣬ǸӦޡ
˵ʲô˵һ𣿡
Щɵ۵ʵЩԼûҪ֪ҪûǸӦĻǺܶ鶼ûа취쵽תۼ͹Ӳţ
飬оԼЩӦ
Ӧɱˣʲôֵġ
𺣸һȻģóЩĺϸ𺣸һɴˣȴҲɣ
ҲףһʼƽԼߵʱǾѾѡ񣬽ǸӦ
ƽǴ󺰵ܹΪһ˴飬֮ǰôô죬ԺлᣬǶһϵˣŪӦҲûʲôĿ档ˣ㶼ûиңǸڼ˭أ
ƽΪ𺣸Ϊı⣬泩ҲʲôɵӣںǶһˣҪΪνĸô˽Ҫ
ƽ˵𺣸һЩƻˣһΪģֻµ鶼ס
ںòײһŻҪΪԼ˼Ҿʧԩ
ҪҪ֪˭
𺣸ȻҲɵɵ˵ԼⲻΪǱ͸ˣƽ顣
ȻԷ˵Ȼ˳ˮ˵ģһҶзִԴáˣڻ֪Ǹڼ˭
֪Ҫ˵ǺĻҸоܣҪ˵־⣬һӵˣôܰɣ
ƽҲǺ棬Ҫ֪Ѿ˺ܾãǶûס
⻰𺣸ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ҲҪȳǸһԭ֮һһѾߣҪһ棬ĹΣôã˵־֣һֶûУôţ
𺣸Ļ˲ƽɵۣĵˣҪ֪Ϊ־⵲ӣȴ³Ĺεˡ
Ҳ׸𺣸ΪʲôҪ־ֻ֣һ֮Ǿ໢ﳹ׸֮ʱ
ȴѾмֿ϶˼ҺҪҪɱˣͲô鷳飬־ɱҲǳԷһ֮
Ǹôƽĵıһ㣬Ҫ֪ҪŪ־ˣĲôף˵ԷжôĴթ˵Էıڶ֪ж١
鲻ż֮ɡ𺣸ǿ϶˵˶ףġ
̲סʵ㻹в֣
в֣Լ
𺣸һĿԶ·һΰѧңһ˲ԼҰģֻ»ǧټƵĳǮ־Ѿϴλһ֮ң˭ĽŲֻѾıôǮŪ
𺣸־˽ĺܶ࣬ҪȻҲתۼ׼־ˣȡƽΡ
ƽҲ֪־˴ʲôֵˣôҲ֡
ȴü˵һɵһˣҪȨ
򽣰ô󣬲Ϊϴͳ׷ֱǻɺļڿţ򽣰ĺ̨ҲӲ
ôܣǮͺ˭ȥ־ⶼûпܴȨϾ򽣰ڲҲǴ۸ӣ֮ǰһֱǼһѹƵЩˣҲпܻûλ
𺣸ǿ϶˵֪ˣͻᶼҰļңҪ˵ûҰĵˣǶѾĲࡣ
ڽ֮УҪǲȥ׼ȥû˻˴ڣϾҲǽʵĴھѾһв˭㰡
ܶʱôһԲŻᵼôɱ֡
ʲôʱټҵľɲҪٳһЩĻֻǻ췴
ƽʲôˣҲʲôˣܶ˶״֮ǰѹƣ˲ǱߣȥϢԼĸѹƲסЩˡ
Ҫ췴Ǿ췴ЩҲԿ飬ֻҪһԸΪѳᣬǶǱ£Щкܶ඼˵ߣȷһɡ
𺣸ȴ˿˵֪ƽ¶ȥһЩЩ˲źô
ҪЩ˶ƽ£Ǹӵĺá
ǳơ
оЩãȴûпΪҪ֪ƽô
ƽͷ֪ҪЩֵĻǿ϶ԼĸҪʲô˽ģֻһλܶˡ
ƽѡЭҲ֪һԼĸ̫࣬ǵʱߵ˿϶ҲЩ¼Լ
Ȼһε鳹ɸѡһЩ˳ЩˣҲûа취ˣ˾ˣԼΪǱǡ
ˣĳǼӲܵôӰ졣
ƽǿ϶˵Ȼһո˵ȥ졣
ǺǣҪУϸͿˣԺֵܣܻŭңԺͻףľǶôǡ
𺣸ǲԷʲô٣ЩҪϴҪʩ𺣸ֻܹȥˡ
ָȥˣֻ´зݡ


120 ڼ
Ȼĸ˶ɹʶǻȥ׼ץסᷴ
ڳѾΪ޴У˵ҪûбµˣһմǱ·һʹбµˣԲֻҲǻһ
ò˵Ҳʱ֣бµ˿ʼո¶ͷǡ
ǻص໢ʱۼصʱһЩ໢˿һߵļһڳһЩɵۣ˭ô
ϴ󡣡Щƣһ򽣰˾ȻιƣҪӦѸ٣ֻѾһȺ˶ܣҲǱ
ҪȥƵ𣿡ڳ˶ٶƣ³ʲô
ߵȴǳ໢һ˿˼ۣͷվڳߡ
û£ֵǶƤҲû˽ǣȰһʱ˵ȥҽԺΣաͷ˵Ҳ˵ʲôʱûѾ컯
Ƚȥ˵𺣸ȴ֪ⲻ˵ĵط˵ʲôҶǿ϶ᱻڼȥ
ũλõķݣ˵һʲôǿߡ
һȺ˽ڣ𺣸㿪ʵʧֵܣ
˵ûʧȴǸоﻹڡ
˵ĺޣ𺣸ף˵ڼ飬£һйʶȴһֱûа취
뵽鶼Щص˵а취ҳ𣿡ҪһֱȥֻǸûа취
ꡭ
ͻȻһֱĬ˶һʾǲҪ
ǶЩ㵣֪˭Ļá
֪ߵ˭Щɵ۵Ŀˡ
˶ԳȻһ£ʾԷֻó
ЩףǽԼֻˡ
ֶԸ𺣸˱Ȼ𺣸ֱӽֻó
ֻóֿ֮ẉ̂һƱȻöԷȥ̺ǲףǳȴǵ˵ͷʾԷȥ
ڳ˶Ѿо˿϶ʲôҪȻ
棬һھ۾涯ϧȴİ֮С
ͻȻ䴫һʲôըѿһ㣬붼û뽫Ķֱڲȥ
֪ЩԼЩ鷳ˣǶ˸֣װµ߳ȥЩĿ
ŭĿŴµĶ𾪵޷
ڵģǸڼݲͣǱ˵ֵһˡȻ֪Ķһװãûм֪
ƽ
뵽ܻڣŽֻϣһֻһֻ
ʼʱҲûбʲôϣ˭֪תۼȴǳĶ
̲סüȻ򽣰Щɵ͸Ѿһַ˼ĵزǸղſǸˡ
ƽֲֵܲôã򽣰Ǹƽͬ
ûüܣԹԵðôһ仰
͸𺣸˷ۣһ鷳ˡ
ȴǵ͹ƽأһεˣﻹôһС飿
ǺǸ쵰ͬ˶ǳһģһƽȡԼ˵⻰۾Ҫ͹ָƽ˵㡭㡭
Ҿ򽣰ǸƽֻϴȻˣֻһСС
ƽЦ˵Ĵ飬ûн
ڳ˶һĬǾƽʱôһͨ˴
û˻ΪеƣƽǴⲿʱ
Ȼ˵ĺкȴҲò˵һ䣬Ҫĺж㱾ĺ˭
ܶʱ򣬶Ҫһ±Щ˵飬ҪһֱĺиѹţǱûĻᣬ˭Ϊ
Ǹղ˵
𾪣֪ƽôûйϵ֪ԼҪֳһЩ̬
Ͼ˼ҳ͸𺣸ˣҪԼڳʲôõ̬ǾͲڲгԼƽǰԼôǿ
Ҷֵܣʲôù֣Ҳ֪ңֵܣ֮ǰ׹ҪΪƽ̨Եʣֻһ
ƽȻЦһ֮н˸
ò϶һһܲʲôߣȴ˸оһȻгҲǴҷ緶
Ҫƽ֮ǰԸ⣬ֻ򽣰ﲻƽһǻĲ
ˣҲҪʲôǻ׼ץڼ飬ڵģû뵽һֱ˸ţҪǽƽֵ磬ֻº롣
ҲǳʲôȣΪڶкܶҪæҪ֪һЩûа취㶨ǶǺΣյľء
˵ղŵ飬ڳɫѿ
Ǹ˿϶ҪŪģ˵ôα˸ֵģԭڼ·һҸ֣һܡ
˵ڼ飬ĺ⣬ȴǵ˵ͷ˵Ҫ˸ҳĲᡣ
һ취Ҳ֪ﻹ񡣡𺣸˫һ˵漴˶Χһ˵
ǵСһʱʱڵͷȻĽѾˡ
ϣפ棬ɵĺһȺСܿЦֵǣǵĺѾˣ֪Ǹߵֵ˭𣿡
֪
ϴ˭
ôҪ߰Ķֵܣô𣿡
һ̲סǲǸ˴ߡ
ȴ̲סЦǲףһǸ˵߱˸ǻģǸһ˲ˣҲһɱ򽣰ڣһҪĴڣ򽣰ûпܻᶯô
Ļｫ˵ĺĶһС˸Ŀųʵϴ͸˵˵ʲôҲĤһ
СܵĻóһۣСܱĻڲ֪ʲô˼ֻܹҧЦԳ
Ǹ˭ҲҪ֪Ǹǡ˵Ѿźãһ˭ʲô쳣ֱӶŪҵУǱ
áһоЩûô࣬ǿҪڵղĻǲǹ顣
üζ㱻˸ɵǶ֪Լڲ϶ˣֻǲ֪˭ѡ
ǿǳĬȴԼϴ˸ҳڳǾԵΡ
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ֵҪ®ɽĿ߸ժ𣿡Ǹ˵ĻǸһȻǸЩ㵡
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˶ǸߵˣǶҪ֪˭
Ȼ㶼˵ˣҲ˼һֱڡ
ǸתͷĽԼ߸ժ˶ЩڴǶ֪Լڴʲô

ժ֮һ˧ģǰ
˭ǸղѯʳСȿڣǿǸ˧˵ɣһִ򽣰ƻˡ
⻰˶ǳݵĿɣһֱǱߣǵȻĵͷ˵ϴˣҪϴţҲĳɾ͡
ɣϴôû˵˰
ǸСܺǺʵͻȻ߹˵ҪǱ˵ֻСѾˣƹҸûд
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˿̵ӵұҪ˿Ļǻ
Ϊɳϣ˫̯㿿ļһĻǺܺгģ˵ϣһźڰƷ⣬һźڰƷĺʡ
˵ôһζǶóҪ
ԼˣûдЩ˲֪ĶԹֱһ붫ʱףԼ۵ĺܣĺʽ£㵽ôⶫġ
ζǶŪĺò֪ٱ
һжֻܹ棬òЦſͣҸģڴڵĳԡ
ֻг֪ÿһȥƴſȥҪȻͲܳԵ¡
⻹ֻһ棬ΪҵǣҪЦǺǵԽ£ҪȻһж׷ˣ˿డ
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ȴǿŽЦһϲĶһӾͳô࣬
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»֪֮ģҪһγʵ̫գҲ
µĻǶ̲סЦͮȴǿŽЦ㣬ҪҪ㰡ҲһЩԵġ
Щ㵣Ҳ
ĶʮָմǧС㣬Խ¶ЩףͮȻЩԵġ
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һҲʲôԵģǸϲԾѧϰһ¡ֻܳ˵ѧϰһ£ǽ²ΪԷֻһ㣬ͶԷЦݣҲֻһ㡣
һʱ䣬¶ЩȻԭֻԼô
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Ȼ֪ΪʲôȻԺİοڽ˲ԵģҲûʲô
⻰˵ãһ˵ҧ촽˵ǿԽ˵Ҫץס˵ģҪһֵġ
ȿȣʵϣҲԺԡ
ʱ򣬸ոճȥĳȴѾˣֻǲǽڣΪԼĥѡԼոˡ


㲻ֻŪһ𣿡
˽£ÿһ˶ʮ־ȣµǼǵãȴûʲôӡ
ֻǣڱһ˵ȴмֵ޵ݣԼ˶Լǡ
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˲ԣҾһЩҪǶˣҾͲţǻ᲻ԡ
Ѿ˾ģ֪Ϊһ仰֪ٳˡ
˼ҳﶼǺóԺúȵź򣬵ڽµϣЩΪڰΪڰ֮ļ֤ߡ
һ֮˵ʲôģǶٶȸǻȥ
ǣٶȻص档
³µͷЩ桭
ͮŽ˵㣬ԵģһóԵĶ
ûдǻ̵ģʱ㰴ǸȥǡҲ֪øһЩ
˵˵ǳȴѾ¶ģǶԽĶ
ûа취һСʱʮΣ鰾СʱܹʮһΣһʲô
ո߳Ҫȥ
˵Ѿ׼ȥҽԺǲѾ˾֢
ռ˶ҿ֮ǰΪµջ֪٣ڿǳ飬֮ͱɵĵز
ǶѾǿ϶Ѿ˳յ۷ˮƽ
ҪǽȥǣֻǶһŮ˸֪ǻʲô
ǳĽ㣬ҲϣԼĳ̬Լĵܸ֪ܵҲǳһˣǲûʲôν


125 о
£ҵףĶ̫óԣԺ᲻óԣҲԲĶҸô죿
ѵĴӲûдʵǿˣȴֻܹɴ˿ԿղʲôĶΡ
ͺί˵˼ҲģģԺһѧϰһʱٸһЩɹ˲Żеܣ㱳ǿŮˡ
ȴǲģôҪץסθ
˶ĬȻҪǴٳԽĶɥĲ񣬳ôǿһˣһģ
µҲ󣬶ԼĲƷԿס
ȿȣãŪˮ㣬ǲǸýҸȥԼĽ˵˿ڵϣԼܣԼΪʲôô
˼Һͮ飬ʲô飬ںˣĹǺԵôһֶ֪ʲôġ
࡭
ڳ׼ȥʱĶȴٶȳһΣ˶ɵۣûа취ˣƨɶʹĺܣ˵ټѪ
ҵףĲˣգǹˡ
ĳȥѾѵǸͺûһģ˶ԭš
պͳȥ֪Ҫǵȳȥֻ涼зݣֱӽ档
Ҳ֪ʲô˴һһѽ̧Ͱϡ
ոǲͷһѽĿӸ˱ȥ
žһ㣬ļŮ˶֪ô˵ĶС
һʼֻΪԼĶѳԣòѾڳıɱ׷·ϷչɲҪĽ
£ʾһΣô˵𣿡޷ĵĺ棬ѳԵĶǲûнӴǵ˽ˮƽ޷⡣
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Ķ˶ңҪ֪ȥôһģЩ˵ģ
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ӿʼڣĶӶһֱڣûкùôܡ
óԼֻһɫҳҳһҳ涼оԾ˭ʳҳôһģİ
˿űûʲô⣬ǳȴͻȻ뵽ʲôһѽֻùƶҳ䡣
ڰ񱦵䡭²ŷҳ澹Ȼۣһֱ濴ģԵûע⵽
ⶫԼֵģտŽʵֻҪɵӣǶԿòһ۵Ķɣ
ġµɫȴЩҰףһĲóԣΪԼ⣬ڿԼûд
ֻǣԼģΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ģǶѾ֪¿϶ʲô֮࣬Ǳ˸ƣ
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ԣԼǲԣŮ˻Ϊ˲žг
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۸ģ̲ͮסʵһֱʮַй֣ΪЩһЩ顣
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µĵͷڳ˶òп治Ƕֻǿ˳ˡ
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оԼʲôطҪȥطžǣҪȻٶȱԼĽǲǶ˵顣
ղҲûԲŻᱻ˸Ҫûа취ܡ
εΡͻȻֻǳٻŽֻͳһȻǸ𺣸ģæֻͨ˵ιôˣ
ϴôˣ
𺣸Ǳ߻ǽŵģĻȴһӹ顣
˵ûʲô飬ֻ˼ʮζѣʲô˵С鲻Ҫȥ飬ҹҲȥˡ
ֱӣڵ״̬ô޷ֵģϾڶѾʣ°
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𺣸Ҳ֪Ƿ֪飬ǲܳʲôҪ߳
һϲȴһʹһ˵ʲôϸ˵
磬˽ƵŪȥ˱׵Ļƴ־ȶ֣ǮҲѾ׼ֻ¾־ⲻ֣Ǯ׼֣˫׼ǳ֣ÿһ򽣰Ľֵɱ
ɱһʱ򣬱İɳû٣Ҫǵĵ̣Ǯ־ȴ׼Ƕֳһ˺ЩһɱҲǸʱһֱûʲôľȴˣǾֵļֳһס
мгҲ֣һʩѹǲ֪ʲô磬Ӳȥˣպǻϣ֡
˵һ飬𺣸󶼻ЩţϾ飬Ǻ˲졣
𺣸ȴ֪һγп϶ʤֳˣһֱڳĬĺһ𶼳ҪǻûʲôĻ˭Ű
ֻǲ֪һı˭ɲźһûֻ֧ðҿ϶ֹЩ壬ҪЩı£һͳָɵϣ
Ӱ쵽𣿡ôСҪǸ𺣸һֱûа취
ᡣ
𺣸ǿ϶˵Ҫû⣬Ƿʱ򽣰ȥһˣҪõ򽣰֤ݣϺһжǵʱǹƿԽ򽣰Ū
𺣸һͽʼԼС֪̽
Ҫʲô
Ҳ֪Լڻʲô
ϴʲôҪֻҪԼͿԣЩСҲǳԸɷģʲô鶼Ҫϴˡ㲻飬ǾкܴգǼ˶֣ڼҺúñԼ塣ϴ𣿡
ҪǳֵĻǿ϶ã𺣸ѾĲԾ
ó֣ҪЩʲô
ϴ󣬲С
һ仰ȴóʮıڵģһɩǳһķ
֮󣬳ֻˤڵˡ


126 ¶
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ֻϣûͺãĲǹģû뵽Ȼ顣
»̲ס͵һ񶾵Ůˡ
֪
㲻Ҫ˵Ƕףһˡ
ûд㣬Ƕ֧㣬ֻǸۻԶȽϺá
Ƕֽ֧£ϾŮǱȽģǶԷһıԼǸ⡣
ǵĻµźһ㣬ҲֻǺһ㣬޷⣬ΪʲôۻΪһˣıô
ϼܲվڰʮ¥棬ϵĺɢķҷ̲סΪ֮
С㣬ҪĶѾռһ֣һںʵ֮С
һ긾ŮŽϻһϣЩϼ˳жҸԴôġ
°ɣҰô˵ŵмֵįôԼҲԲʢǿϧܹ˽
긾ŮĹܼҺν㣬ҲһֱСˣΨһεˡ
ү˵ԼԼڳжѾһУҪûʲôҪĻҪǣȥ򽣰飬һ˿
νҲ֪ŵ˼пܻǣ˵СǶһ
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ҪӲҪأ
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֪
ŵǸӣĺҪȴ֪һ򽣰Ҫûе£Ǹ޷򽣰ķ
Ȼ֪ǾͲҪô࣬Ϊ֮
νε˵ôһ仰Ҳ֪Լ˵ȴ֪ռԭҲĻʲô⡣
֪
ŵǸӣ֪Լ뷨ûá
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¶ҲΣ붼û룬ֱӽЩڰɱһֱ
ֻǽ²֪ЩԽãȥԽҡ
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¶źʧȴǲ֪ŶҲʧ
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ŻףһǶô
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ⲻǸոӴһӵĸоһַĳԡ
Ҳֻ׸оȴʲôû˵ռΪÿһ˶Լĵ·ľԼŮȥʱһ£˶ѡ
ν㿴һ飬εҡҡͷ֪Լô˵ԷҲҪ˵ʲô
Ҫʲô֧㣬ԼԺ󲻻ھͺáν㿴˵ֻˡ
Ҫ֪е
Ҳ֪ڵ΢ȻԼ׼ãʱ׼ֽˮ֮УҲֻԼа취һ֣źõĸо
ǡ
ν֪ʲôȻûдүĹ涨Щ鶼ν
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νҲһˣȻףЩ˲Ϊ
ֻǣĻҲ˵Ϊ֪Ůֻڳ֮󣬲ŻףԼ뷨Ƕô档
У໢ʱפأ𺣸̡ƽĸ˶ü˼
һεʲôԲҪ֪Ҫûа취һռȻֻ¾ͻǣһٲ١պҪҪ򽣰ڵĵ̣Ǹǧѡ
𺣸ףΨһĻᣬֻǺܿϧǣĻ֣Ƕ֪ôա
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ʲô취ɸΪ֮
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ˡ
ô𺣸ǲЦģûа취һ뵽ôѾ֪жộ
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ҿɣҵ嶼ûо
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𺣸ͻȻ뵽ƽ֮ǰЩֵܣҪЩԸ໢ǵһӾͻᱩ
ֻ໢ôһСطƽЩ˻Ը
飬ƽԼûаգԥ˺ܾ˵Կɣ
Ѿö˵׼ϾЩʲôɫ˭


127 
Ե㳡չʮһտ̯ţ֪ԼҪʲô
磬ôǶ˵ϴˣ㵹˵һ仰ϴ󵽵ʲô֮ǰһֱ㣬ΪѧУ㣬ںǶˣǲ֪ʲô
磬Ҳ򽣰ҪŪǣİҲҪŪǣôҪϴĲˣλҸɣģ˴ɱɱʲôᣬֻҪпڷžͿԡ
ڵģֵܲһУЩյĻƴ׷ǣǽ˽ҲûգȻˡ
Щ˶ƽĸ˵ǱȽϿɿģֻʱȴЩΪǶ֪Լϴ
Ҫ֪涼Ѿϴ˸ι㣬飬ǱܵĲš
ǵϴȻ˿Щģȴɵôܻᷢ
ȻЩǵĻ룬ʵϣϴǱ˸˼ȥι㣬ֻûŪѡ
ʲôҪ˵Աһ٣ڵģһûһٵĸо
չоԼС֪ԼϴΪʲôȴЩĺʲô飬ϴҲøһʲô˵ôȥ
ˡ
ʱֻƽֻ֪ڱٶȲͨ
ι
չЩæҵĽ绰˶ĿչǵĶڴ᲻Լϴأ
ǶǱСҵˡ
ãǡ
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չǱˣʱ̻ӵЩ绰ֱӱܳǱߵ绰ŵĿҵƶԷû뵽Լֻһ绰չŭ
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㣿ңʲôҪ˵ҴȥǣиӾ㣬ҪˣЩҴ˵ҼסҺܿͻᵽֻҪʲô飬Ǳߡ
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Ҫ֪Щ˷ƽչһƽȥǴҿ϶ַ졣
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籾ĥöٳӣڿչȴǳֱͷ
Ҫ֪򽣰Ȼڧģûе£ֻҪץסչǿ϶Իúཱܶġ
Ƕ֪򽣰ƽڧ֮УƽĸڣǮôܻģ
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㣬ǱҪ⸽һ̣ڿչЩ
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ͻȻչһȺڿɫһ䣬֪ǲԼЩ˱˸ϳʱȴǲò
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128 ˵
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ЩҲȿ˵Ҿһ仰ôӹûУǸʲôûУҪ֪Ҷֵ飬ôʲôҲ֪һ˵ʲôֵ飬ƴҪȡҲ򽣰壬ǽأǲ㱻˸Ū
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129 ˵
Ҫ˵ôֵ֮УΪƽεľչչҲΨһһʲôûʣĬĬӵˡ
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ҪˣҪǻŪǿ˵ƾʲôãżææŪΪ֮ǰѾ˼ܶ࣬Щû©
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130 һ
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һĻóͱߣڵģ⻰ɣֲĻ׳棬˵Ȼûпܲ²
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131 һı
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ƵһߵˣǸĺͳмƣǱӰһģһ
̲סʵôⶫҼǵõ֪˶Ѿĸɸɾ
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132 ŭ
Ժһյ̬ΪԼϵۣû˭Խһиƿϣʹ㾡ˡ
һһͬģóЩˬѾԶһ㡣
˼һתҪǲûб飬ߣϾкܶҪ
źһǵȻ˵Ͷ࣬ûʲô˵ںһˣЩ
ӿһĵһۣǶоЩġ
Ļһĵ˵ͷҪ˵飬Ѿ˵ˡ
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߳ȥ֮󣬺һȴصĺܡ
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ȥǱߵʱſѾһűվſڣǸһȴóЩ졣
߹ȥһ˾ȻǸ𺣸󣬿û飬Ĳɲ٣˰˵ĹѫֻҪͿԡ
ô𺣸˵ĶôأΪ𺣸ǱҲ֪̫أڶദˣ
ҪǱƽסֻѾһҲһһǷֵܵ飬ΪӲʮ൶֪Ƿ԰
𺣸赭д˵ǳȴǸоԷɱ֪һθ𺣸ķŭҲЩ죬ƽĻĲ
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һЩţǴӳڣͱ˸صˣЩ˶һطǵģײǵĳΪɲʧ飬Щ׷ǵǱ򽣰Щҵļһ
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оԼܹٳĬҪټȥԼЩ˿϶ᱻŪģЩ˶Ѿ޼ɵŪô飬Ȼһ˶ûбץס
ĺȥʺһ𣬵Ҫʲô
Ļ𺣸ԼĿڴóһ˵ϴߣȥʲôǶҪ⣬ǧҪ嶯
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ȴ˵ǲǸоʲôôྯǾٵΪҲɣ˵ԼŵĻҪЩ˶ˡ
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𺣸֪ЩҪ֣Ĳ̫ѡ
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̻ȴһ˵ΣûаҪǿƶĻǸƶҽԺǸطйɷݣʱҽԺ˾ǡ
û뵽̻Ȼ˽ҽԺ뵽˼ҪûҽԺǲǹ顣
ϾЩǮΪϧҴıеĵطҪûһطֻ¾ǳ̻һСðᰲġ
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𺣸ĻֱӻظԣЩطɳɣЩЩ⣬ǱǷ񷽱㣿
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㲻Ҫô࣬Լ˾ǣʲô飬һ㴦á
֪𺣸ôˣôһСܣǸˣЩģһȥ᲻Ӣţһ褵Ĳܡ
á
𺣸˵ͷȴڳ˼ղֻǷ£ЩεĿŸ𺣸ļһ˵İ
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ֻ˼֮󣬳ȴͻȻͷǸҽ·Ȼûһ죬Ҫ֪ҽô˵ҲһٶҴĻЬôߵôӯ


133 Σź
ҪǷƽʱȥô࣬໢ЩֵܶסԺ
æ׷ǸоںţҽĲӿ١
վס
ԷٶȲӿ죬סԷй飬Ҫǻ֣ǲӽˮ
ԷѸٿ񱼣ǿ첽׷ϣǸҽҲ֪ܲڼ֮־һһذֱӳͶ
һҽߣһֵ˸ιȥ
ҽָժ֮ŷ⾹Ȼһһ̵ˣץסǶ޷ϳ˭
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𺣸Զ⾪ĶǵһĻȴ赭д˵һûа취ߣЩ֮ߣҪȻҲġ
Ҳû뵽Щɱô죬ʱһҲӰ칫߳ŵǸµˣɫûʲô仯ֻóֻһ룬ܿм
Щ˽ǰɣǼɵģֻǲ֪
һЩŭЩڴҪ֪ôྯҪǸ𺣸Ǳ˸ŪˣԺ󴫳ȥǶҪˡ
ϣˡ
˺һһۣȴû뿪ЩһθУĲߡ
һҲ׳˼Ҳûа취Ͼʱ˼Ҿ˵ʲôǶ֡
Сʱ֮󣬳̻ļȳȵͬĻһЩڣҲǳһο̻ʵ
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ܶɵ˶Уֹǳ̻嶼顣һжΪǸ˵ĺ棬̻Ҳ˵ãӲɱһѪ·
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á
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ðɣԼСһ㣬ʲôǿţǶҪھЩš
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á
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ߵղǸ칫ңЩĵģѹ˵
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Ÿ졣
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á


134 
һҲо˳룬⣬֪Էǻ῿ֻһʱѣȴǿŸ𺣸˵ǰ֮Ҹʱġⶫš
һǶԳ˵ģһ𻹽һڴ濨ӸӹǶѾȻʲô
á𺣸ųߣȴɻʲô𺣸Ȼĳ̶
ϴͲҺ˵ʲô𣿡
һ·𺣸ȴǷֳûʵ˼
ʲôϵͻȻʵŸ𺣸ɻ飬ðһ䣺㲻ẦңЩ֪Ҳûãȥǣ㡣

𺣸û뵽Ȼĳ̶ȣҪ֪Ҫǿӳһѣǳпܷ
ϸǴЩﶼǴ˵ȥģҪ⻰֮٣Ҳ֪ʲô
𺣸鶼Щ죬òƲ
ų̼ҾžȻ˸ߣڳϾ˼˼ӡ
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ͻȻ뵽ԺһܹЩһһţһôҺüҪûҪȻ໢ﶼˡ
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𺣸ԼͻȻʱû˿԰ЩȻ籾ãȴʤޡ
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ЦǺǵĳ̻Ļ֮ϵıӶֱˣЩϵó
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Լ㣬ĵİܱ˴˶ûѪԵϵŮȴǶůôѹ
㱨Ļᣬ㲻ҪҪ֪һߵȫ֧֣㵽ʱҪף˵ĿҲһµģ㴦ЩˣҴҵĳˣЩһһŹ
̻Ҳ֪ǶôĿ
ϴҲŮ޸飬ǳûдӦһҲܻвͬı仯
ֻǳ̻ʧ붼û˵ҵĽ㣬ǴܵܣҲܹǣҲ֪ҵݣЩŭңҲûа취ǽ˴˸ɽףûа취ܡ
ԭǿԶЩ飬ô
Ļ̻̲ס̾Ϣһ˵ðɣԼϲͺãһᴦãʱҪǳʲô⣬ȥˣǴȥķ䣬µĶˣעⰲȫҪʲôҪæܿڡ
̻֪϶Ҫߣ໢Ǳ߶ѾȺףҪǳȥǲ鷳顣

ȴ氵¾ôҪ֮нǸá
һûбֵǣһҪǻûбǣһҪʲôã
û˵һҪ˵飬֪̻϶Ѿ²ҪȻ˼ҺһԱ˳ţⶫ
ҲΪԼбҪͺһˣ˭֪Щʲôˣ
ڳԺͻϣôˣҪ˵ʲô׵ˣǶٵģνһħһɡ
Щ˻һѣһʲô⣬ֻǱ֣һ㶼ܡ
֪һ𣿡
ϣǺͽ¹һֵŮЩͷۣʱȴǲòҪȥˡ
ĳĺܿ죬תۼͳ˳ڳҪһŵʱüͷһ壬ǰ·Ȼʯͷڶš
ɲΪ⣬ֻ²ܹˣûкˣΪֻ֪Ѿˣֱ³Ȼ漸糵ڶŵ·
ա
ĽŲͷһ亹·ߡ
ǸһǱߡ
ŵ㣬Ҫˡ
ɱ
Щ˶ſһۣˡ
붼û룬ֱǱȥ
ʮˣԶԸ
ôˣôûа취
ԼһѾ˸ϣ·һֻ۾һֱעҪȻЩôô찡ЩôһӿԳ
̲סڵģб²ҪһᣬʱŪǡ
ȻҲֻǺֻܹһ·ұһӣûа취Щ˹ԥǷóǺˮȥЩƴ׷ϡ
ŪֻҪɱǾзгֵǣ;ڽˡ
Щ˴󺰵ȴһðЩһｫԼƱӣԺ㡣
顭


135 ߹Ů
һڵһˮ棬Щ˻ſĴѰһ·ѰȥһȺںӸ˲ʮӣȴô޷ҵ
ҿǸСȥһطôһӾͲǲǱˮߣ
˭֪ǸһˣҪŪǶǻıҰһεûɣԺҪĺ飬Ƕûа취ֻҪɱ쵰ÿһ˶һͣĿϧ
ˣǸһôƻǶû뵽ˣ滹гЩߣôһǮ˿϶кܶĺö
Ƕڴ󺰵Ȼûа취ҵˣŪ߳ĳǾ͸оԼֶܹ飬һȺ˽ĳϴһ֮һ뿪ûɱҲûа취˭óӦôѸٰ
ȴû˸ҽĳŪߣҪ֪һȺΧɱģһǺţϾڡ
ôһֵģҪҲ֪һ˱𣬸֪һطҵˡ
һŪ߳ĳͨҵˣǾǲҲҪзϣΪ˼ҳǳصģôһ仰ÿһʱҵĲƸǿѪȶѻġ
Ƕ֪һεжûгɹһֻ¸ӵΣգô˵Ҳһ˶ԿһӶŵǿˡ
Щ˲ʮ֮󣬺ӵײһ˸Ǹ˱ǳ

ΧмһεסԺһˣΪǿ۸
ҺһӣҪȻ𺣸󽻸Ķֻ¶ᱻٵҪ֪Ǹ𺣸Ѫ
֪𺣸Ū˶ãĶκһŶǼΪ
һεĿĵأҪⱾ涫Ĺ˾ҪЩȡЩһİ
֪ϼſ϶Ҫⶫⶫпܻڻ֮гΪ¹
ϰ̲֮סЦĲٵÿһζʪܵģЩ˵ףܿҵĳҪǱ֪һЩˣһŪǡ
ĳûбߣǲʲôȴǱ˸飬ЩԲĶǶߡ
Ҳ̲סЦõĳ֪ô졣
ȴǲ绰ԼʶˣЩ˱أ绰ȥֹûа취õпܻẦǡ
ɲΪЩ˻ʲô壬ֻҪԼйϵˣǶпܻ鷳
Ҳһдϵ˶Ѿ˱Ҫûʲôϵˣǲᱻע⵽
һ㵹Ҳôţһߣ֪һ·Ȼ࣬վгֻҪԼ·ΣȻгȥ𴦡
ʮ֮ڶûеȵһ·ĳ֣ҹЩ˷ֳ֮һƴ㣬³ҵǡ
ûа취ʱģǱôʲôˣһЩ·Ŀճʿ
ҿЩ˵ԺҪ֪Ƕ˭ҪȻһϵǡ
Ǳŭ˿̵ûһϴģ֪ȴ֪йķŭһֶΣ
̫ѹֻʲôû˵һĬĬĳš
𺣸ǿѹôԲŸôһݶ
һߣһǿϧǣһ·Ͼûһͣ
һֻ֣Ҳ֪Щһ㶼ͣϾطЩҡ
ӳǷգЩҪǮʲô¶ûУȴһΪǣΪһźס
ҪǽŽǣֻ¼¾Ͱܵ
ڳеľ㣬оԼЩеľƿ˵һҩͰֻҪһ㶫ǶֱӱըȨʱá
Žµĸ
ӳͷ󿪿˵֪ԼǲҪô࣬Ϣһ£ҪȻ黹ûףԼȱ鷳
ǡʻıڽµһŽȥ
ӳչһഺϣĸ鶼泩١
ϰ
ͻȻ˾Ҳǲ£ǵıӰ̲סڣԼ֪ԼôῪڣһ˵ԼЩɵۡ
ʻıһ㶣Ҫ֪ǵĹؾǲܹ·ͣ˭֪ǻʲô
˾Գ飬û˯ѣ
ӳҲ飬мǵıӰҲ̲ס˵ͣɡ
ϰ塭
ǸȴǿֹҪ֪³ʲô⣬ǰλѾˣҪǸǸֻܹں棬ôң
ҪǸʲôа֮ͽĻǵʱֻҪֳ飬ڳôңһҹĵ·û˿֪Ǹʲô
ɣҲһ鷳ˣ³
ӳȻЩģȴҲʲôȻ֪жҡ
ҹһ˶ĵطһǿ϶⡣
֪Լ飬ֻܹԼķȥָЩ˰æʲôģûָ
ס
ͻȻһͣЩ㵣֪⳵ôͣߣĪд˲ɣ
ֵʲô
ʻıڿųʵڳϵģҪǳҪʲôǶûа취
ЩǷҪǳб»ǹҲûа취ס
ڵĻæ˵ոǱߵϱ˸٣ҵĳں档
Ļ˾ȴǿ˵ոǹʱһǱߡ
⻰֤ĻЩʵԣȴæ˵ģֻҪѣųߣҶм
Ȼϵó⳵Ƿ⳵ҲǷǸˣʶȤ˵
ŲųߣҪǻһǿ϶ΣգǶڳ˵ôһ¡

Щɣûлͷǿʾϰô죿
˵ֻأǰһ绰ɣ
ӳȴ֪ķķ԰ֲԼ鷳
Ļȴ̾Ϣһ˵лҪǳȥ԰ҽһ⳵𣿡
Ҫǿüˣͽˣ˭֪Ǳ߻᲻ᱻ˸ţֱ˸ΧĲ֪Լûа취뿪ɲΪԼѾηĵز

ӳص˵ͷ漴㱻ϣڳÿ֮ǳ뿪
ĬĬĸź棬޲øԼһƣղװʲôҪô˵Եõ˼ҵİ
ҪͲǳ
óЩ㵵ǣ˼ʮ֮Ȼͣˡ
ʲô
Щףȴǿ첽ܹȥҪǿҲԸţΪȥɣ
ϳɡ
ʻıڿų˵һʵں棿

ڵ˵ͷֻЩƵ˵ôҪϰιˡ
ʲô鶼ģлϰͼλİæ
ǿ϶˵˼ҰҪǻʲô飬ǲɥ
ϳ֮ΪʲôǸ˻˵ƯĺƯһɫȹβ˵˵Ǹ߹ʺ˵мּ١
ҲûмŮ˵ˣܿͻָò˵Ǹˡ
ӦòٰɣӳһӾͿϵˮʣôһᱻٵˣΪó˺ӴЩƵơ


136 ӳصĻ
˺оŮȻƯôҲиʮüӦмͥˣŻ˵
ӳĻüͷһҺϣ
һӾ͸оԼ˵æ˵ǡ
ǾͿˣ͵ˣӦýнǡ
ӳѿڶ⻰ó˶ɵۣԼЩ㵣֪Լô˵Ļ
ڸڲ죬ϰ岻ǿһ˰ɣ
ȻЩ׺Ϣô
ѵÿһ춼ǰȥŻӶ
ʵϣڶڽӳҲ˼ģֻһֱӳضһŮǿ˵ݳ֣ôҿʲôģȻǿˣҲûʲôӦƻʧҵ
оЩĪԼһ仰Ͷһ㲻ɣ
ôӳػڰûԼô˵ǿģȴЩŭ֪жҪһ㣬ڵǺã˶Ը⣿
λŮʿǸҸղʧˣѾ㡣ҵ·ڷм˵ʲô
ǺǡôиԵˣӳȴЦųʵ滰
ҳ˵һǿ϶˵뵽Ůǰòûа취
ӳüͷһ壬漴˵ҪûмǴֽ̻
һʼڵʱ򣬽ӳػΪ˶ЩƣԿЩҲ֣ڲŷ֣ԼȴǸһֱڽзƵˡ
ףŮʿҲ֪ĪҰֵѣȻôг̻ȴܸӳ̻ûͷС
ʶôһطҪ˵ûҲٵģӳҲ֪ڵʵֻ½ǱЩŵ˸׷ɱɣ
ȻʶˣԼҲûбҪֻЩһﶼѾʼԼ˸׷ɱ顣
ڳԽԽңˣƽıǸˣ뵽ϢӳضЩŵ˵
о߿ԣԸǣҲţ׼תɴ˾⻰˵ĺֱ׳ӳضЩ㵵ʵʲô˾
˾
ȷû˵ɣǲǸ˾
ǣǽڹ˾
ǿ϶˵ӳȴ̲ס
ǰȴЩɵۣҪ֪ʲôʱ򿴼ӳôһ氡
ʲôʱôɾ䣬ǱļһͿˣǱ˰
ҪҵŮ
˵ԼϲŮҲҪҵ鰡
ڵǺã˵Ůĵôãô찡
ΪʲôҪ˵ҪǲĻһжᷢһǸ
ԹһֱڴԼĻᣬһжѾٵ
ڽڹ˾˽٣ӳͻȻЦ˸ǰ˵Ҫ֪ʲô߼
Щ˵˵ݻʵȴǽԼǰ棬ӵЩͻѣ鲻Ҫ˵ʲǫ̂׼ȷľԿͻǮȥͶʣ׬Լߴͷ˾ǿͻ顣
ҲôǸ𺣸һһƽĽӳȴмִ㵣ųʵģ
Ȼ֪ʲôܵĸоʲôԼϺãϾ𺣸ڲʳǰ
𺣸ԺͺһֱӶԻʱ򣬳ŷԼûʶ
ڹѧģ
ӳغǺĿųԴһأҪ֪϶޷õһ̻ӵûκεϢ˴Ϊ𾪡
Ҳ֪ԼЩ΢Žӳ˵ǡ
ʲôѧУ
޿ɷ档
ʲôطѧϰأ
޿ɷ档
Լ֪Щϣô߽ӳذ
˻ûϤǸ̶ȣԳǲ˵顣
Ϊûа취𣿡ӳЩ˵ȴ˳˵ûа취
ҪǺһһֱڶų̻ӵĻǺһôܻ֪̻һط
ǼһﶼѾȥǶˣÿһųƬȥ飬ôܻб²鵽ΪҪǣ϶αģٵĻϲȥⲻץϹ
ĻӳЩģ֪ôţûа취
Ǻǣ׼ĺǳ֣ҵҪ֪һδôЩ˶ЩⶼǿԮʲôûжѡ
ӳͻȻҪһһĺᡣ
ǡ˵ͷԼƣǴرܣ̵ҿ˵裬ҵЩ¶˸͵ҽԺȥˡ
ȥ໢Щˣӳ̼ҳʱ͹ԮԽˡ
ҲңҪûǵĻ໢˶֪ûл
𺣸ʶҲѣңЩһɣ
ӳغʵȻ㻹ô򶨣ףԣȥطһҴýڵķɣ
ڳߵӢףӳضǵ鶼Ծơ
ˣ㣬˭
һֱԷǣűߣЩɵɵʲô֪
ӳһЦ˵˭ûбҪ֪ҪԵ֣Ȼټ棬ҪûԵ֣֪Ҳûʲôòǣ
ǣҪԺлرһ£㱻Ҹɱˣ
⻰ó˶̲סЦҪ˵˵ģǶŭǾ⻰ȫ֪ӳ˭
˵û˸ҶӳأʹҪȥǶûı£Ϊǳصģӳؾһ޸֮Ůӣ
Цʲô
ǲףԼ⻰д
Ǻǡӳҡҡͷ˵ӢۣҿһŮӣԺҪҪɵһӳصˣǾҪ鰡
͡
ǰ˶̲סЦˣȴЩŭⶼʲôǸоԼ˵Ϸһ㡣
۸˵ģ˭֪һʲôãһмãֹƶҵ򵽼ʮˣĸࡣ
˭ҪҪٶڱĵطһĶоô
ӳغ˵Ƿˮ
áǿϵ˵ˣҵˣ³ͺãҪȻᱻ˸ҺһֻҲ鷳
û£ǿһҲû˸鷳
ӳΪǵǷų³ǲ֪ôģڳߣоɣûó³
ˣ㲻£ҲǷ̫鰡ҪԺǶԵУСҿԷŹһΪǣˣǵʱڴ鷽棬Ҹô찡
˵ֱӣȴǺٽӳظоǺ
СܵܣסԺҪҽŶ
ӳؿųЦģѾɫ㣬ЦݸóĶǲĿһҲ֪ʱԼ϶Ҫ򶨵ģǣô򶨲
뵽Žӳ˵ҪѾмңҿ϶׷㡣ѾŮһŮȴһ
ӳغǷЦЦһΣͻȻߣ˵Ҫĵ㽫ҸϴҲҪ㸺𡣡


137 鷳
ڽӳ˵һ仰ʱ򣬳ͻȻӿ첻֪ٱһԼԶԶıȽϺãŮ˲Լǵġ
ԽĶԽΣգǴʷϿӡ֤Ķ
ǰȴӶҪ˾ͣ
飬ô޷ܣǸ߹ϰ壬ôоֽʻ
ֻϰȴǸǲٵ飬Լôϰأ
˶Լͬ뵽
ô˵˼ҲҸղŵĻﶼ˵ģҾϲСһһǻûбŮ˸ý㡣
ӳؿųЦЦݺĲãΧĵƻһƬŮһ㣬ֻŮȴЩΪ˵
лæһεûԺлټ
򿪳ȴĶӣһ󸾣ΪʲôһģĪԼǸҩ
ȴǲ֪֮󣬽ӳҲһƬߺ졣
ϾһȻһ˸ϲͷȴʮĻƻŮ
ϰûɣ
̲ס˵³ʲôֽţҪȻһֱôׯ߹ϰ壬ôأ
ӳȻ֪ԼıΪʲôʣǾһĳɫȻ˵ɡ
ڵЩɥ֪Լõʲô𰸣ֻô벻ףΪʲôԼŮ
ǡ
˾æ³ǸһֻҪ֪ڶҪԼһƣڣԼΪʲôҪ˵ǰأҪǲ˵Ļһ鶼ûУڵǺϰ嶼㱻ˣԼ֪ôġ
ӳ׼ԼλõʱȴǸоʲôӦͷһĶȻ
˼ףĶĿͷ˶ΣգԼֻȴôһһǲ֪ô˵źãҪԼߵĿ죬ֻһζҪ鷳
ǸŮĺƯ
ô޷ϽӳصֻȴѾ¸ռݣҲûʲô˼ŮˣھҪҲûа취Կûа취ԣʲôã
ͻȻоԼʲôͻȻԼϿһӷ֣𺣸ĶȻûС
ʱ͸оҪ飬Ҫ֪ǮʲôС飬ԼֻǱǣǿǻıطľơ
ǻɣԷǷ֪ôһԲŻϳȻ鶼ԼϹ롣
ȴ֪ջˮһ仰
ֻǣãã˺֮УôѰŮ˰
֪Ů˿϶еλҪȻĻҲĺ
ǰǸڸĸоһ㣬ȴͨ˿еġ
Ҫ֪˭ǿǴ˵֮еɱʣȻ˵ɨǧǾȴǺе֡
һˣжѾǸ֮еĸ֡
Ͼ˵ĵλͬͲͬ
ֻܹǸŮ˲ôĵȥĶǷҲȥʲô顣
Щϵ໢֣˵Ϊһʱпܻᵼ¸𺣸иһ
ҺһЩرصĶ𺣸ûǶдţҪȻֻ໢ﶼᱻ
ڵģһҪЩŮ˸ҵϷңҾƴɢҲҪɵЩŮˡ
ŭˣҲ֪ԼҪǲãǾͻһֱ˸ã飬ûа취ܡ
һϣԼ߻ȥģ˶Ϊˣֻг֪Լ
һ·ӳȴһϲ߲ݵĿдһˣǾţ˵ҪǸԸԸнΪλǸ
ֻǸ˭ȴǲ֪Ψһ֪ľⶫǴӳǱġ
ּоǳģΪּЩ˿ģȴҲ㹻
С㣬Ѿˡ
ֱ洫ӳزȻѣԼһ϶һ֮С
ȥҲ߶ʲôˡ
ӳظоԼôһֱ죬ԲŻûзˣҪ类ԼֵĻǿ϶ᱻԼ磬ȴǲ֪ԼûĻᡣ
ⶫչԼĹ˾üҵ˵ôһԲ
ǡ
Ӧ뿪ˣǴС󶼸Žӳصˣ˵ǽӳصӰӣ֮ûиţΪеľơ
ΪʲôҪôһ˵֣ȻΪ˷顣
ܶʱһŮ˵ֻ鷳鲻һط޷⡣
ӳſ˯һ˷һϣҲˡ
١
صǵıʱЩ˶û˯
ǿŻһǾȣǶ֪ʲôô߻
ʲô鷢𣿡ʵǺ߳ʲôʣоԼǷûа취չôĵط
ûС
ĳأ
ſڵı˵ǶǾȳô糾͵ģ

̾Ϣһ뵽飬һˡ
Ҳ֪ǵĺ棬ЩҲǲܹ˵ֱӿ˵·ϱ˸˵飬עһ㣬ЩһﶼЩɥĲ˭֪᲻ᳯ֣Ҫʲô飬º֣飬Ȼ˸㶨Ƕʲô鷳

˶һ󾪺ȴε˵ˣȽȥˡ
˵ֱӳ̣һִϣֱһշͽȥصʱǽŲûУһȲѡ
ҿǳٵʵ𣿡
ô̬֣ı𣿡
ⲻǷϻҪⱾ£ȥ̼Ҿˡ
ЩȴһǾǶû뵽ı»ô
֮ǰѾһЩ˵սǲôţϾ˭Ű
һүȻЩԵڷ˻ǽ֪ʲô졣
棬ĶûеģǾȴǳڿ档
һ㡭
ôôŻģտǳһ
ո·ЩҪæô˯ģȻûжԳ˵ʵ
ո˯ѡĶųģЩ۵Ŀų˵һû˯
ûУҶ˯˺һˡ˵ϵ·ȴɢһζΪղǺˮЩġ
ʵϣڳϵζҲֻܴʱҶ˶ѡ
ÿһ˶оζҲó³ɣ
ȴʲôû˵һϸų


138 ʶ
յľٶŪЩĪҪǿǳգΪаأ
㣬ʲô𣿡ǺʵоԷЩԾ
ոǲǱ˸׷ºȥˣյĻóһ⣬֪ôֵģȴǲϡ
Ͼ鶼ѾȥҲûʲô˵˵ҲֻöԷӵĶѣԳų˵ûе飬ܵң˭˺˰
պǲŵ˵ǲҪĲˣ˵ˣʲôҪֱ˵ǲ뽫Ǹˡ
ҡвС˵ҪˣЩһ
ɵϣûж˵ʲôǺųԡȥ
㣬ʲôǺĿųʵ
ȫϴ裿
һ㲻ῴ˵ȴЩɵۣԼʲôãǾһֱԼСӣҪ֪ѾһˣҪǱǳոӴ˭֪᲻ʲô
ǣԼǡ֪ʲôҪ֪˲׽ܣ׽ܣҲñܻһɣ
ܿΪԼ뷨оոûĶ
˵ɵϣ϶ԼҰϴͷҲͷ϶Щ塣ԼҪǲע⣬ԺණģȽ׸
ԼɡЩϰߣ̫ܵ
ҪҪҰ㰡
ն˵ϣֻܹ·ǽŸϣƺ볳ˡ
ҲѵôʪҲԺ÷ʪʲôġտĳӻڣóѵ
ʱЩɵ˵㣬ˣҲô󡣡
⻰˵ĺֱӣȴҡҡͷ˵⺢ӣѰɣڿɣ
СоǲڣȴһѽĿӸʣһ̿
ڳմ˯£Ȼôı¶ǶһˣȴЩá
ܳһٸԼܹ˼룬Щ޷ơ
ȻҲı仯ûпϾЩ˵˫Ρ
Ϊϴͷ
սǹ죬ȴֻΪ˰ܵľŰˡ
֮󣬳ȴΪŪʪͷŻˮ˵𣿡
ˡˮ⣬һЩˮ
ʲôˣôᱻ׷ɱȥģ
Ҳ֪ı²СΪŪϴˮʱʵЩҪ֪ĵ˶ʲôˡ
Ҳ֪ҵʱԾʱҾֱӣҪȻҪǸ¡
뵽ʱЩ£Ҫ֪ʱֻҪһ㣬ֻ¶ûлӣΪһ˿ԶԿٰѵ
ûбںӾǶѾˣô겻ˮô죬ĺܲ
պǵĵ˵ʹǸ鶼Ѿȥôʱ䣬Щ£Ҫ֪һΧ·һ
ڳгˣʹǳĸŮǶԿЩȥĳ档
ܶʱǶڿǣǷҪǨĵطȥط̫ҡ
ǲ֪ԼҪļһˮôԼ֮ǰľǿհ׵ģԿԺıһЩ
˵ʱѧϰһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǱʲôҪѧϰ鶼ʲô飬һСʱǱˮʲôģҶпܰĹ
˵ԼȥһЩ飬ǺԺģǳȴæ˵ԺҲҪע㣬Ҫ֪СʱǼ͵͵ȥӾְָȥ㵹Ǻãô򣬾һԣô˵ҴȥģӲǴ򵽲򡣡
һ㶣ԭŮһôܾȻĹȥȥЦ˵Сʱ򲻶£֪ڵʲô
ԸôǿʲôҪԼСͱͳȥ飬Ϊһ档
Щ̾Ϣ˵۳ô
ȴæ˵ûʲôϰˡҪҳȥҲôණ
㡭̾Ϣһ˵㻹ǵͷǸ˰𣿡

û뵽վȻ˵飬֪ô࣬Ƕ֮ǰǸ˺Ǿֻһѡ
Ҳȳô࣬һЦݵ˵ʱ̫Ƥÿһζıô飬ְ໽СʱҲ֪ʲôȻõԼƨɴȥһ̺ƨǡ
յĻóĵĲԤиоӦò˵飬ֻôԼĲԾأ
ʲôûпȴǼ˵һһÿһ鶼Ƕ
һ߰ϴͷһ߻ȥ飬ֱͷϴˣղֹͣ˵Ȼ˵һ䣺ǸղҺҵܵܵЩ¡
ûء㣬˵ʲôղҲˣܵĽ֣ǺܿͱӦ
ûпëͷ֮Żڳϣܿյ·ʪ͸
ȴǲ⣬Сʱϲ·ʪԼ˵Ըоˮ룬Ҳףȴ֪ÿһϴ趼ġ
̲סʵô֣
ǵһ濪ʼҾ͸оЩԾȻǺܶûм棬Ҳܱô죬˵ʲô˵оֹһЩĶϻ̲ɱ֮ûеġ
յĻó֪ԭԼһֱǱ˸ֻԼɵƵΪ˭ûз֡
֪𣿡ϰߵĽǽ㡣
֪սö֪Ǽٵģ̻Ҫģ˶ûп
ǡ
ţʱסԺʱ˿ǰǸ˵ȴӰܴ
Ƕ˵˹ȥЩͲҪˡ
̲ס˵ȴ̾Ϣһ˵лĿݡܣҲ֪Լʲô
һʱ䣬ΪԼ׽ܡ
ֻ޲ɢϯʲô鶼нһ죬Ҳ֪ԼֻҪˡ
Ըң𣿡յԤиֻµܵѾ¡

ֻ˵һ֣ǳѾˡ
ôߵģߵʱʹ𣿲ҪƭңֻҪ֪𰸡պ˵ĺ֪Լܵܵ
˸ߡ
һ仰е鶼Ѿ˸ƣǿ϶ʲôô
ء
ͻȻʹĸоЩʹܵĽոŻĺ󱳡
ڵϣˮĴɽյ·ˮʪǰ͹µչֵ쾡¡
վڳĻʹ޲ͣģܵܺĸĺܺá
ôû뵽ԼĵܾܵȻӢš
ףΪʲôְֶǱػȻĽ
ްɣ޳һжȥ
ųգȻûܵܣ˶ֵܣҲԸܵʹࡣ
ҡ
ʱʲô룬ֻҪҸѣ˲ĵܵܣȴǲⱻϤİ˸š
ء


139 
һ϶˯ĺܲãͻȻȥΪʲô飬ʱʱ̶̿ڵ
ټԵЩ˳ʲô⡣
˵һĵ֮жȹ
ҪʱŽ˯ѵ״ֻ̬ǻû˯þжʱѹ
ϸһ澹ȻǳһŮһ⣬Ǻͮİɣ
漴ֲ뵽ǸŮӦòǺͮûе߳ȥ˱Ѿˣڴ˺ܾãջǾ߳
ԡҴʱǽţԼ˺һŮԡ棬˭԰ģ
ÿһǰУȥٵ֪˭棬ǳһ档
ء
ŮѹֶһȻóŮʱ򣬲Żе
֪϶һŮˣֻǲ֪Ƿ棬ȥ룬Լ뵽飬ΪԼھͻȥ˯ʲô֪ȽϺá

㡭
ͻȻһѹֵһӾǳյ
²֪Ϊʲô棬ȴѣԥһ֮һŽŸ߿
һ̿§Żʪܵĳա
ǡ
ôû뵽ܾȻôҪ顣
ǣ
һ㶣æ˵Ҫᡣ
뵽Լһװ磬Щס
᣿Ц˵˵˵ʲô᣿
ǣǡ֪Լô˵ˣæ˵ҡ
ûнͣĨȥϵˮ˵㲻ˣ
ţ㣬ôŰҪ㿴һĻһһŮԡôţ
º˵ԼԲͬĻԼУҲҪһܺõĽͣô͵
ܼ򵥡
Ҫ͵ʱ򣬳ȴһסС˵㣬Ҫ˵ˡ
㡭
±ڵĵȴͣ˭֪Ȼ˵ᶼʲô˵
ı˵ˣȴޱ˵ҿ˵ĶѾ˵ҪǲţҲûа취
㡭
ֻҪһֻͣǻԶá
һŵ׿ĳˣһ绨Ůһôţ
ʹ׽ܣôһʱ㣬ôһ£ϳ޷š
ʵϣǳԼûа취ţҲԸôࡣ
Щʱܹ˼ңʹǽ¶ܹߡ
ⲻְֹҵ£ڵľƵµģһ֪֮˭֪᲻ʲôӦ
ա
ߵĶҲʣµѹ˶ѭ
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ȹĺͮ˿̶û˯ѣͳյģֿģԼ͡
ֻҪһʶˣ˵ģϵµķӦǶס
պ飬ǳȴ˵ǷţûԲ顣
㡭
һȵĿųգǸӣԼԼ²⵽Լĵܵܣ黹û֤ʵ
ʲôѵԽ
Ҳ԰
ոջԼĽҲǸոѹ
Ѿҡ
ȥ˯ɣ˵ûǾûҪǲŵĻҲûа취
Ļû뿪ͮȴǱĽʵ㣬ʲô飬ǲ쵰۸㣿
۸
µ鶼Щ㱣ʹ˵ҵϣղңϧǣĵˣԺһϡ
˵ǻֱӳȥ
˸һ˿ʹ࣬漴ȥ֪Լ˺
ô£Ͳܹһ𣿡ͮѾ²ʲôôųˡ
ҪǳˣһѾ㶨ﻹн
ǳͳշЩ÷飬ͳǻۣҲʱɣ
ûʲôý͵ģ鷳ȥ
˵ͮһţɫѿһ˵ûн¸ԼˣҪȻôһ仰
ͮȻҲʲôȲѵĿԣǳͽµĹϵѾĵز˻ʲô˵أ
ҡҡͷʾ޻˵ͮһ䡰˵ˣ½³ʲô⡣
Ǹ㣬鷳ˡ֪Ƿʲô鷳ȴпܻӰ쵽̼ҺͽҵĹϵ
ʲôҪңҲô鷳ȥǲΪֱŤ
ǲֳ飬ǿ˵ǿΪҽһʲô֪
㣬Ͷ˵ɣȳȥˣ㻻һ·
ҲϴˣϾڴһϵҿҪǻһطֻ˶Ť
ϣžǣ䣬һ·
·ѾʪҪǲ㻻£׾ͻ
ֻǳȴûóȥԼԡ׽ԡϱ㿪ʼ·æһԡͳȥ
ϾŶǿģ˭֪ʲôе뷨
ųʵղŷʲô飿֪ղôʱ֮ڣ϶ʲô顣
ΪͣȻط䡣뿪ͻȻ֪ԼôԳ̼ҽá
һʼԵܵܵݱǣѾʶݣʲôطţĪԱڵݣ
ЩգǸп̫ЩɰҪȻҲա
ԡ棬ƴĳˢԼ壬Ҳ֪Լ˿ʲôˮĴ
㣬ûɣ
·߽ԡʵűϣϾڱ档
֪ΪʲôоĳƺЩİ֪ʲôǾȥЩ޷ܡ
û顣
յСˮмûа취
㡭
ƿԡֳվȻڿ
֪ʲô飬æرգò֪ŮĽ˷Ĺ⻬塣
Сˡ
վûסǽԼ֪ܸ˵
һ㶣ڸڣһӾͷӦԼ˵Ĳ²ȷģͻȻʹ
Ѿģļ佥ӿͷ᲻֪֮
棬ͷ϶ݣֻʱҲ˲ʲô˻ʲô⣬Բš
ء
Ȼϣ˵Ŀ䱯ˡ

̲ס̾ϢһҲ֪Լô˵ˣȴ֪ԼҲûʲô˵ģôһ¡
ֻȴЩѹ֣ԼԺôأ
ڵı棬½Լڷ棬ͮվڷ⿪˵㣬㿪Ű
ء
û˵еֻһȻġ
㣬ҪǴӴԺͳһͲҪҪҪһǾͽԼеί޳Ҳ֪ǸһʲôҪǣҲ֪ˣҪĺսʲôϵĻΪὫǸǱȥ𣿡


140 ӳ
ͮĻƺ˺ܴЧʱûУֻȴûиˣĻǲϣºͳɢȥ
Ȼ֮ϣȴҲɲŮò
ܺͮǷϣڳ˼Ҳôһ㣬Ҳòϳĺ㡣
ҪǽôҪᵶᰮ顣
ء
ͻȻǿȴǸ󣬽ҪԼб˶޳
ͮЩңҲ֪ʱºǱˣȴû뵽ôһģ
˿̶ѾҪ·ߵ˲࣬档
ʲôոսСͻȻܻȥǳʲô˰ɣ
鲻Ҫôֲ࣬ǲ֪˺Ů˵Щ飬׾͵һЩеĺ
֪аţôͻȻ飬ҪչֵǶҿˣȵֵܹǽ񣬲Ҫʱ̸ҳʲô©
ǶѾһҹڰ˵ʱЩ˾ͻӰࡣ
Ҫʱ̳ʲô飬ǿûа취ܡ
ÿһ˶ʮ־ΧǶ֪˶ʱ͵Ϯ
Щ˵ǣһֱʱǶûʲô顣
ֵܣס᲻Ƿʲô飬ֻҪǵϮǶҪᡣ
ûдǻҪסʲô֪ʲôûпҪȻǻ鷳ġ
ʲôλֵܿ˵˵𣿡
ߵʱѵǺЩȴЩʲô顣
Ȼ˵ʲô˵ǲԼ
ʲô˵ѵ飬ǶѾˣĶǵ顣
һ϶û˯һֱһʲôȥ
óЩοǣŮ˵ǣ˴СʱǱѾֹͣˡ
û˯մ·߳㿴طš
˯ˡ˵ȴǴ˸ǷԼĻԸһӴЩΡ
ȥ˯ɣǶܺã㲻õģ˯֮ٺú̸һ̸
տų˵Ҳ֪ʱûʲôģ鶼ôһģ
áҲˣһЩҪæҾĸˣǶᵹ¡
ص֮󣬳պͳ˵ɫǹ죬Ҳ֪Լôͳദ
Ҫ֮ǰЩܵܵĻ˹ϵһûʲôǲ֪ôԼһɿ
ϾҶʲôˣһʲôֵܾٶ˲ô룬ԼЩܲˡ

һεǡ
˶̲ס̾Ϣһ
˶֪Ȼ黹ôһҲûʲôѡ
صԼķȴֱǴϣʲô룬ֱ˯ˣҲ֪ԼڵЩ⣬ô඼ǰϹ
˯֮һ˶֪ȥһطˡ
Щ裬һЩڣ˵Щ˶һˣɵۣĸŮһ綼ˣ²Ѿˣôһ𰡣
ˣҪһˣӳ֪𣿡
˵ģżҪˣļ֮У֪˭ֻһʱ䶼֪˭ѡ
ӳأ
ûмǴ
Ǹߵķ֪˶ҪֻôûᣬطƵϰ壬԰ġ
һʲôЩæ˵ǵĻһóɵۡ
ôţƺˣô찡
֪ǸŮʲô̬ȣҪԼóóȻţֻ»ᱻ˸аɣ
١
ʱһŮͻȻڳǰ
΢䣺ǣϢĳֻ֣ҲһУҪǶԷĻǿҪǰһ״пܻᷢ֡
ҼС롣
ǸŮ˺һ¶ԷģһͨŮˣԿкǿı
С˭֪һһڡ
һŮˡ
ЩףΪʲôӳػ˵Ļ
Ŷû뵽Էô죬·ɣ
ǡ
һʵִıڣŶԷ飬оϤʱԼЩֵҲˣ
ߡ
ڳ̼һźİµϳ
ʵϣһش˶ԼΣ֮УһԳǽӳصǶѾǺΣյ飬Ҫǻ϶ԷĳǲԲУʱǱΧǶûа취뿪
뿪֮Щڶ˫۷žĿųǶѾʼԲľ顣
ӳվڴǰһźʵɳΣ鶼Щ죬˵ǽš
ȻΪΪ𺣸
ѹּоһθ𺣸Ƕŷָ𺣸컯һˣһҪռ¡
ۿۡ
ĳ԰һ·ͨΪĵط
Ҳǳڶ
ΪԼܻˡ
ѾˡָһͨͥԺЩɵۣҲ̫˰ɣ
һططãʲô
Ҳ֪Ǯ˵ë࣬źʵһˣЩ£˭֪Լһȥᷢʲô鰡
ЩĿ˳һۣ֪ҪС㵥һ𣬵ôģڳ֮п˿־壬־ȡ
һȥ𣿡
ĻúЩѣΣ⻹ǵһôˡ
ôҳ㣿ڶ¥ĽӳȻҲ˳ĻԲ˵⻰һ˵ǲһȥǶҪһˡ
ôҲϵӣһŮ˸Ϸǿ벻̣ûлͷȥѰҶԷӰȴ֪Լ϶ǸŮ˸š
á
ǿ϶˵һȥ̳һ
С㵽׶һʲô˰ЩɵۣȻԿڽӳǶôĿ־塣
ԼļߵӳڵطŻǹŵġ
ۿۡ
ԽĿ٣Ǻţ洫һûйء
ȻЩҪˣ֪ԼôˣһѽŸ򿪣˿̽ӳػڿɳϡ
ЩΥԼˣŽӳЦĺҲƽ
ӳЦЦ˵Ҳ㣬ֻ㶼ҰɣôҪĶ㾹Ȼҿո˵Ҫǻһõⶫ໢ﶼᱻ˸𡣡
Щ鶼ǽӳúȥ鵽ģû뵽ߵȻѾγɡ
Ҫĸ˱ֻ໢ͻдϧһж⡣
ǶԸҰɣŽӳ˵Ҳ֪ԷǷǸǶûʲôá
ǺǣⶫҸ㣬ʲô𣿡ӳ⻰⣬֪ǶԷѾǶǶŪҪȻҲ˵
ණ㣬òЩðɣ


141 𺣸ļֵ
⻰˵ǱȽί񣬵ǽӳȴЦʲôʣһҵõⶫǻһãֻҪⶫ򽣰Ǳߣֻ໢Ҫһпܡ
һµľ顣
Ͼǣ̫ܣʹûйϵ򽣰ĶкһЩЩͬƵĶһЩ֪Ķ໢Ҳֻ֮顣
ӳƽ飬뵽ҪǶԷҪȻڻûǿ϶ôһ뷨ֻǲ֪ԷҪʲôѡ
ʲôֱ˵ҿԽܣǾͼ̸ҲԵ޹вɣ
Žӳʵϲ쵶ն飬ʲôֱ
ӳվߵԼؾƹǰΪ˵һƣ󽫾Ƶݸ˵һ
ʲôҪ˵𣿡ǲ뱻˸סоԼԽԽģҪǶʲô鶼ûУڸô
ǲ̫˰ѵôҪѺõĹͨһ£ߣ˲˵ĺúõô˰㲻֪ľٶҶô𣿡
ӳؿųЦ˻Ǳһľ룬ǻȴóЩëŮ˵ʲô
⻰æҡҡͷ˵Ҳϲ飬㻹˵ԼʲôĿģҪǴҶԽܣ˴˶¸˵
ǺǣȻ㶼˵Ҳ˵ʲôֻҪ֪˭ģʵҲ֪ҵı£ǿԲȻѾ²˭ġ
ӳѾ²Щ黹֤ʵȽϺãϾ˲ôҪõϣʲô˵ֶΣ֪Щˣһ˸շǲʲôǮͿԴ򶯵ģˣǰҲһ
һ⣬֪Էôһ֣
ֻ¸ô˵֪Լǲ˵ԷԲ
Ͼ໢Щǻ۵ˣһ־ͿĳֿߵˣǾֻи𺣸һˡ
ǣһ𺣸˸ߣô찡
ߣôԸø𺣸ߣ𺣸˶ʮֲҪˣǸǺã
Բ˵ôңҲ֪Щ˵飬ûа취˵ġŽӳ̽ʵĻôһ˿ҵҲŮ˾Ҳ˵
Ȼԡ
ӳغǿ϶˵绨ЦóĸӲ֪϶кҪȻԷԱ˳ţҹ
Ȼûеȳ꣬ӳһ䣺Ҳ֪ôһ˲ţҪʲô֪һٵˡ໢Ҳжٸˣ𺣸һһ
ӳѾ˸Ŀ棬ʣµľ취ȥĨɱ
ӳҲֻҪЩǱвŪĨɱǸˡ
ȴǿЦһ˵ã֪ı£ȻҪʲôԸҿԸ㣬˾Ǹ𺣸ҪǸҳֶԸҲ·㲻Ҫҵĺԡ
ǿ϶ĶԷĻʵԡ
вһŮʲôⲻڳĿǷΧҲ˼˵ʲôԼ˶ûа취סʲô˵
ӳһЦ˵Ҫôֲǲ֪ǶôĺãôܻأҾôһ仰𺣸Ǳ̣ˣ˸ңҸһõδ
ӳͼذĻóĶЩ֪𺣸ıºܴȴû뵽Ů˻ֱҪ
ղŵǸҲǲòûʲôչҳϼţоôûֱӾܾԱ֮ʩҪ֪ӳػôӦԣĿŵǽǻед
ӳҲһ㶣û뵽ѡЩɵʵͲҽҪ֪ھϵһݶԽ໢ٲ֮أҸɣ
ǺǣҪǿǿ𣿡ȻһݶʲôȻ֪Ǹô߱ѡ顣
ҾҪǿǿôõһ˲ţ֪ļֵ𣿻ڸνţӶëǿҵҪ֪ôһˣƶֱȥҪԸңطÿһ궼Ըɵ󡣡
óôû뵽ӳؾȻôֱʣ֮ĻҲǸ𺣸ôֵǮ
ǲ֪طֵöǮǳ㣬һ꼸ڵʮеģҪǸ𺣸طһӾͷɵĻǸǶٰ
˵˭ԼЩ˼ȻôϲǮѡôһõطȴ˵ıܡ
ղ˵ĻﲻᶼƭҵİɣȻطܴ󣬵ֻһˣҪı¾ô࣬Ҹ㶼û⡣
ЩŵʵŽӳػô󷽣Ůô󷽣ҲԸˣ
ɲΪһŮ˾ʱôţҪ֪ǸгӶﱻ˸ӳȥǾ֤Ů˵ıһ߹⼶˴ڣԾΪ飬Ÿ˵ô϶Ļ
ǺǣֻҪ㽫˸ңҾͻ֪ǲġӳȻ֪ʲôҪǿ϶⵽ܴķԡ
طһһŪûмıӻȻ޷ߵһ˶ĬطģԴ˽ӳҲûʲôÿһЩǴϷ󣬶ֻҪȨǡ

̲סЦˣĺǻɣŮ˵ʲô
ЦʲôӳЩ׵ʵΪ˵Ļûʲô󣬵ΪʲôЦأ
Ǻǣ黹һôɵװǵİϷʲôûУһҪµǺƣҵõʲôһ仰ǲΪ㽫˸͹İɣ
ŷӦҪǶԷб£ʲôٶҪû£ԼҪʲô
ҿװǵˣʹطôߴϣô
ԼҲûҪ𺣸ȡʲô˼˫·Ψһս
ǲҵĳ⣬ǲԸҽ
ӳЦĻЩͷۣô˵أҿǲģǴĺòҸһӴĻᣬҪǿԽģûа취ĻŹò
ǿ϶˵ҲϣͽӳصìܼˣҪ֪ڵҲֹʲôģҪΪ𺣸İȫ롣
Ҫǽӳ˵Ļ鶼ѾԤϣǾǸ𺣸ļֵ̫
Ǻǣ֮𣿡
ӳؿųЦȴæ˵Ȼˣ㲻֪˺ܳʵ𣿡
ȴѾ뵽ԼѾɹˣͽӳģֻ¿϶Ӧ顣
á
ֻʵȴǸӲݺ˦һƣֱóɵˣЩεʵΪʲôͲͬأ
ΪʲôҪͬ⣬ΪҲ֪˲ϲŮ棬Ҫҵ£ǿ϶Ը⣬ĸ֮ˣҲ֪ôշģôһˣҪûа취£ﰡҲԸٵ
ӳصĻóëŮĺǿ£ʲôѣĿ
оԼѾӳظƵ·ˣԷͬ⣬ǿ϶ܶ
뵽Ķȥ


142 
㵽ҪôҪǽ𺣸㣬㲻Ҫ룬һôһ仰˼˭ûа취ǿҪôҾ͸ôĻ
ĲطͻϾѾ裬ҪһЩˣֻûʲôý֡
ΪزˣжٸǽİҪ𺣸£ҲʲôֶΣ˸ңǳҰһѣһף˴˶棬طվȽŸõҪģҶðɣ
ӳػôһ˼ҡҡͷ˵ȻҲûʲô˵
׼ȥѾ̸ʲôҶ˷ʱ䣬һô޷رܵĵ㣬ûʲô˵
𺣸ҪԸߣϾ˼кǰ̣ʲô
ҪǸ𺣸ԸߣֻǱ˼ҸߣͲͬ
໢ôǷƮҡʱҪԼҶ˸ߣԼϴʲô˼
˾ôżʵϣǶԺģǲ֪ûȤ
ӳͻȻðôһ仰ĽŲȴͣסͷʵôҪ˵ҵ˶㣬ͲҪ˵ˡ
ǺǣȻᣬҾôײУҲôԲе飬϶Ӧң̼ǣͷɣΪɶ𺣸ƿǹ˾
ӳص뷨óʱףŮڴʲô
̲סЦ˵ǺǣǴľҲ룬ʲôҪĴӦҪҵСܵʱģҵİ
᲻ø𺣸ʲôϾߴˮʹҪǸ𺣸кñͷΪֵܻף
ڽӳصߣȴôûʲôý֡
Ϊӳرվһ𺣸Ȼܵż
Щ˿ɲһˣΪԼ棬ʲô
ӳرЦеĿųǵĻشЩʵΪʲôҪɣߣҲ룬һ·ʲôϢ㵽󣬻ǻһһ·Ϊʲôռ䰡
ʲôռ䣿ҾͲͷˣֻҪ˵ҪǽĹ⻷ĻٿԼһۻõʲôҲ룬ôһȻڣҪǵʱַˣǻʲô
ĺף֪ӳΪʲôô궼ûн飬ǿԤǣһҪӳؽ飬ٽǲĻǵʱ˭İ
Щ飬Ҷ룬Ҳ֪ʲô
ĻӳضʱͲ֪Լһߡ
һֱҪԼ޳ȥֻΪ֮ǰǸӰ죬û˸ҵ˵ϾЩֵܶû
ֻǣҲûа취ѹƶ꣬ԼᱻƵ뿪
ôҲ֪Լ㶨ԼɣҪȶ˫кĻᣬңҪǻ㣬Ӧ𣿽ıģ鶼ѡǱļƻ͸ˣģ˵
Ǵǵ˵֪˶볰˼ҶѾ֪ˣͲʲô尡
֪ȴ֪ЩǸ𺣸ģҪ˵Щ˸ˣ𺣸ҪĲԸĻҪٵʲôĲҪѡ
ȻȥЩʱãԷģϣԺ͸𺣸̸һΣˣ̣
ӳȴôģٶȿ˵ĻЩΣŮ˵ʲôأ
Ҳֻ㸾֮Ҫߣôܻ̣أЩҲ˵ԺŻֻһ仰Ӳѡ
ӳЩŭҪ֪ô˭ǿİ
Ǿͳһôһ仰Ҳ֪ԼͳոյıȽϣ·硣
ϾԼЩ̫ȻˣǱһΪͿԴ򶯣ȴû뷨ʲô
Ҳ˵ô࣬ҶףʱҪʲôüƻңҶã鷳
ǿ϶˵ϵЩȥ
ʱ򣬳ƽ
ղҪŮ˲һзҪͷۣڵǺˣʲôòġ
ո߳ͣоһֵĿӡ
û˳ĿȥΪ֪ʱȥҪսûʲôôϾԷֻעԼ
Լͽӳعϵһָӵ״̬֮Уô˵˫ǲҪʲôͻĺá

ǲǸʲôǣǸȴǽס
óоЩϤûдˣϴڳԷʱǸԱ
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˵֡
ɽɽų˵漴ָһ˵ȥǱ̸̸
á֪ɽ϶ʲôҪ̸ǲ֪вĻǱأ
ܸɴĸˡ
һֱߵһƬ֮вͣ
ǳ
ɽһ仰óһ⣬ͷǵ⡣
Լݱ˸ϳǺһǱ©ķ
԰
ղŽӳôĺԼ˵Щ飬϶ϳԼҪȻҲô׵˵Щ
Ҫ֪ݲԵȵ£̸еķʽͬ
ôһ飬ǳŵ˵ɽЩЦЦŶҵ־ǳ
ɱʡ
ɽ³֣䣬ȻǱ˸ϳϸɽʵôϳģ
ǰ˵ٻǾǶԼ衣
Ǻǣϳ㻹Ҳڵģ㵱溣ս۵ģûб仯
ɽĻóԽ࣬û뵽꾹ȻҴߣҪ֪һսˣ˶Ѿս棬˭
ɽ
ɽô֣ȴô벻С䣿
ɽǳ鴤һ£˵ѪĶӳɽ
ҿö˶˵ĸʲôֱ˵Ҿ֪
ŷȻǸδıİ֣ǾͲͬϸɽʵôﰡӦѪŶ԰Ŀ߳
֪ɽǹʼǿߣԼǶֵʤֻû뵽һﾹȻǵ˼ҿš
Ҳûа취ҴСҪһأҲЩɱɱۡ
ɽ˵ƽˮȴǳ鴤ѣ˲֪֪Ѫǵطʲô
ܶλĶ룬ֻԸܵƣԲûм롣
ɽôһƮƮĻֻּɽԼ׵ˡ
Ǹʲô׶ԷΪʲôҵ
ʲôҪ㲻𣿡
ǺǣҪ˵⻰Լ𣿡
ǲţֻҪ㣬Ҫº֣ҪȻһº֣ҪǲţǿԿ
ɽΪ˱֤ӳصİȫϾҪҪɱһˣûʧֵʱҪģ궼⡣
ǸŮҪΪңҲȥҶǾˮˮ
Ȼһһʱ֮ڣǸŮ˲ԲеĺԼӲҪȻͷˡ


143 Բ
ΪӰ
ɽĿų֪ôô뷨ҪӰղžǺ̸
ɽĻЩȻǸŮ˶
ճɽˣһطܴܵӣطô෴İ
Ǻǡɽ̲סЦˣΪɱɱóɣ
һü˵ֻɱɱⲻڶ𣿡
ЩͲҪ˵ˣطûʲôλģҪʲôֱ棬ǲҪ֣Ҳ֪ҲѪƴô˵һսѡ
ɽ֮ԳΪЩ֣ҪȻô뵽Ĵڡ
ʲôˣ˲Ҳˡ
ǿ϶˵⻰ɽ˵ͷ󿪿˵ЩȻףֻϣǺгҪǲܹһսǡ
á
˵תȥɽĿͳ뿪
뿪֮󣬺֪һ߳ʵı𣿡
ƽʱսҺ֣սұɡͿС㣬ǺǵģҶѾ㣬Լ˵С㡣Ҫ굽Ǯȥ˼ҳΪЩ˼ɣûг֡ҪȻΪСʸ˼˵ʹѵҲ
ɽԳۺܸߣȻҲ֪һ㶼ǣһǣǿ϶Ƿ𷴻ʬɽѪ֮ɱˣҪ˵ηȨʲôģǶǳ
ÿһˣǶ֮ͽǣҲǡ
˵ͷʾԼ֪Ҳ֪Լһа취˵С㣬ϾС˵Щڲʱôŵġ
ֻ鶼ֻܹһΣڶζһлᡣ
˾ûа취ͷ
뿪Ǹĵطֱ֮ȥҽԺ𺣸
ôĴ飬ôҲҪЩ͸𺣸ͨһ¡
ЩֵҲǱزٵģ˼ҶѾΪʱȥˣ˼ѵʱûȥôῴü
ܶʱҪ֪ϴˣҪȻ˼Ҷ˵ˣ㿴һ£̫ˡ
оôߵ棬Щ˶ѾѹĲŷ
ϴ󡭡
Ǵ磿

˶ǵһοԲ֪ôС
ƽҲⲡ棬ûֱȥǣһο˼䣬ЦʶһЩˡ
ļҲǲһȦ˵ʶ١
ƽߵʱ򣬳ڴû˵οʵĻǺܳϿҵ˵ֵܣӣҪĻǶ֪ô
磬⻰˵ģҪҲţ˭ŰҶֵܣЩ鶼Ҹġ
ƽƽ˵ΪԼֵá
˵ʲô𺣸Ϊ赹ˮĴǶǾ޽еġ
ʲô˵ˣúˣǻᴦЩֵܵ飬ҲôѪᡣ
֪һοв˲ˣҪǲòʲôĻԺЩҲֻµˡ
ϴá
Щ˶֪⻰˵ôƯҪûʵֵĻǵʱҶڿš
𺣸ûʲôӦ֪ǱҪģոչ飬ҪǻǮţǵʱʲô鰡
磬ֵǸոš
ƽȴҪ֪ǳʵģҪġ
ûʲô˵ģֻҪ໢ǾǵֵܣһûԹȥӭǣǶҵĴЩӦģҲҪ
Ҫ˵黹ǺǣҪȥҲ־Ͳͬ
ⲻĴ㶼Ҫˣֻ㶼ƽ֪ʲô״̬һȥĻǾһ˶ѡ

̾ϢһֿŸ𺣸ʵֵأ
ֻһˣԳҪȥˡ
ڱ𴦡
𺣸Դȥ˶֪ҪȥһЩˡ
ˣƽƶɣһ¡
һ仰ƽ붼û˵ԡ
Ծͺã˴ȥҪ
Ҳôǰƽȥ𺣸ȴһ⣬ʱҪôֻ鲻С
ȥ˵̺ˣһ˽⼸˰ŵһ档
ĸ˱̾Ϣһ˵һܻǴ鷳
ҪʲôڻԷ
ϴ󲻻ЩҪûǴɱɱɣ
ϴ鷳ʲô
ƽ͵ȴһӾҪɱɱǱȽ򶨡
ֻܹ̾ϢŸ𺣸Ǹ˼ҵĶʧˡ
𺣸ȴ䣬ǸѪ٣ǸȴԸɵĲ֣ҪûˣǸ֪ǶҪ֮֡
ϴⶫҪҪˣ𺣸ȴ֪ԼпܻᱻΧѾڿôˡ
ǶѾҸûˣӳõˡ
һ仰Щɵۣæ˵һˣ
԰ǸŮˡ
˵⻰ʱڳļ˶ɵǸط˭֪ҪĻǸô찡
Ȼ֪ûеĶʲôǶ֪ø𺣸˶ʧɫĶǿ϶Ҫ
뵽ǵ鶼Ǹӡ
𺣸ȴæ˵ô˵İ
ҪȥҵʱûзԣҪһȷıϸ㣬Ҹ˸оǸطҪǸ㹻ıϣԹȥ⻰ҷθ֮ԣҲƭʲôֵһҲ˭ǰ̣Ͼ˼Ҫң۸Ҷȥֻһ㣬Ҫֵܾǡ
ֱӽԼʱͽӳصĻҲԼ뷨˵ڳ˶ЩɵۣǶ֪ҪʲôԼϴСܸͳȥģСܻԼұۡ
ȴ˸һвǸ
Ҫ˼Ҹ𺣸ˣųĺãҪİճ˵ôãǸطôطɱɱĺãҵλҲЩ˸ߡ
Ҫ˵ЩҪʲôǾ㹻ߵĵλ
Ҫŵ˳ȥ磬ů֪ʲôҪ̨飬ôûа취
ڻҪǳȥǮǴүҲҪлȥǡ
ϴ˵⻰û˼Ҹ𺣸ϲԼ󣬵˭ϲֻ˶Լԭ㲻ңңʲôңȴΪνĸֵǣЩô룬Լô밡ԺԺ˵һ䣬ͷβûбֵǣأ
𺣸мŭ֪Ϊã֪ⲻˣʲôֶΣΪһֱôһˡ
ȴû뵽𺣸ķӦôңЩ˵û˼룬ΪֵܣҲǵǰ̣㣬ˣҶôһ仰к·ߣҪ˵Ҫ͵͵Ľֵܸˡ
ɭ뵽ЩͽڳļȴЩ죬Ƕ֪Լʲôζ
ƽǵһ˵飬ȴǵһˡ


144 
ϴҸ𺣸󣿡𺣸ˣǲԼˣԼ˵İ
Ҫ˵ֻͨѣ˵ûʲôϵк·ӣȻߣ˵ʲô˼ǲңҪԴס
֪û˼סңң֪
𺣸ţڳϴӳҪǻһַӽ̵Էôˣҽ̵Էôˡ
Ҳ㣬ʼնġһֵǿԵ֣Щջ׻Ҳ˵Ҫһ仰ϣк·ӣǱҸ·ӣȥû˸˵ʲôлֵҲ֪кǰ̿뿪
ȴһѽ𺣸ڲϣԼǿŴ⣬ƽ˵ﻰ
֪𺣸ͽӳؿ϶мĻᣬǸ𺣸Ҫߣ߿϶ˣþۺɢǳּ
˵ģܵĸо𺣸ҪȥǱߣҲչĻã뿪Ǳߵʱһ˼Ƿø𺣸뿪ջǾŶԷߣǶԴҶõѡ
ļ˶ɵۣǶ֪ʲôҪ֪𺣸ھ൱໢Ĵһ࣬Ҫûг໢ֱȥûи𺣸໢ȴֱ̱ô
ڵģҾ㣬ҽһϴҲ㣬ֱӽһԲУ֪⻰ôˣҸ𺣸ҪҪߣ˭ס˽ȴûһԹǰŰɣαҼ̫࣬˭֪֮ǷˣǸʱҾڵı
𺣸ֱĵѹҲܴΪ໢ҺЩʦһţƣΪԼ٣ֻǱ˴ͬûа취Ƚϡ
һֱΪ໢Ϲѣڳ˵˵ûнֵܡ
ȴʲôû˵ǶڳڵҲǲ⣬֪Ǻ⣬ʲô˼
ֵΪͷ­Ѫֵȥǰ̡
飬˭
ҪǸ𺣸ˣ˭
ĬĬĿŸ𺣸Ҫ֪Է飬֪ʱ˴˵˼ײΪʱ⣬֪ҪǶԷĲߣǱ˴˳ֵ֮ܣҪǶԷߣҲͶԷһǰ̡
һεҲΪģҪûĻǸ𺣸Ͳ飬ȴѾûбҪ˵ôࡣ
ҵȰȣҵ˲£㶼ûжұһίΣǸʱҲ֪ôģҵȴǺܸӣҲҵһ֪Щ˵ǿôЩ˵Ҳǿô󡣡
Ҳ֪Ƿʲôֶηңȴı𺳡ǸʱҾ룬ϧʶ̫Ҫʶһ㣬Ƕľ档
𺣸˵⻰ʱЩʣҪʮʶѾǳеףʹףҲԺһˣȴֻܹͬһΪʧȥȻ
򽣰ѳɣİɶڻֻΪǰ򽣰Χˣֱ˸͵ϮһٵܣҲʣôˡ
ĬȻҲ֪Լ˵ʲôʱЩã֪ԼǸ˵һЩ׳־ĻôҶһ£ȴʲôԸ˵
֪ﶼôĲ԰ףһ˵һϸϴ

𺣸󿴼ģЩʧȴЩοôǿ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
𺣸ųʵʱҲгϴˡ
ʲôŸ𺣸ʵоԷܻԼɣ
ĳʵΪʲôʱ㶼Ϊ˹ǣäĿʲôŵäĿƭǡ˵Ļﲻ࣬ŲߣһԾŶ˭ĻǾΪһֱûиκٵĻԣûеʱ㲻˵Ǻܺá
û뵽Լڸ𺣸ǰȻŵ㣬Ҳһڲͬ棬ǿĻЩͬɣ
𺣸˵Ƕûע⡣
𺣸һ˵ʱ˲ŷӦ
һֱ˵Щ黰ȴǲףΪʲô𺣸˵أ
Ҫ֪ڵİɣЩϴԼһֱðٵĻԼСܣҪĶԼ֪ôȥ
ǻףΪʲôһ˵ðɣȴҪǣ֮˵ǾΪ֪ΪǸ໢С˭֪г˵ʲôأ˵ĶˣԼţһ˶ɡ
𺣸⻰ڳ˻ȻǶֻܹ棬˼Ҹ𺣸ȴǿ档
ȴǲ֪𺣸⻰ʲô˼أ
һϸֵܣһ㣬ڳû˻ỳɰɣ
𺣸˵һ仰ɨڳˡ
ڳһæڡ
һֵܣǵĺֵܣûмһϴΪԼСܳͷĵز
̵һ˵ҲǸųˣ˵Ϊ˽֮һˡ
һЩԸѾĦĲ֪֮࣬Իø𺣸뿪ҲΪֻǽ𺣸һֵܣǵһɵҪԱ
ϴԼֵܣûл˵ģȻֻôʮСʱǿôʱо˸ҵˡ
ƽҲԼ̬ȣ⻰û٣Ϊ֮ǰǱ߶Ѿо˶ǺܳݣһʼףΪʲôЩ˻ݳȴ֪ˣЩ֮ԳݳǶΪǸֵܡ
ʵϣ˻˶Ǽ򵥵ġ
Ҫ˵ÿһ˶ҪϴһʼЩ뷨ǵ֮ǲŷ֣Ҫλѡ
ʮ˶һλãֹҪԼϴ鷳һҪԼСҲ⣬ô찡
Ҫı£Ҳڻһ·ˡ
˵Ҫ΢ЩµˣЩѪͷˣûж˻Ըһ·
ǵѪĵ·߶ˣǻ˵ġ
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ƽԼûа취飬һ䣺ǼסʱһΪǱġ
ƽΪԼǽǺͳȽʲô㣿
˵һ䣺Ķһ˳ӣϴյġҲʲôֻҪ֪𺣸󵽵Ҫ˵ʲô
лλҡ̾ϢһԼû뵽Լôһ仰ֻߣʲôϵأ
㡭𺣸ǱˣҲ֪Ը˵֪ŵʲô𣿡
ʲôĲ֪

𺣸˵˶֪ĶͳûиоΪоƽ
㣿
оԼץסʲôֺûץסʲô


145 ĵĿ
Ǻǣ֪ҪǱİ֪Ҫңǵĵһ뷨ǽҸɵ㲻ҪɣΪʵһ棬Ҫǲ룬ǲǴûдҲǴһǴϲ
𺣸ǿɶģһԼڲЩɽ˸£ֻҪһۼǶֱĨɱġ
ǰκε嶼ٵĺܡ
Ҳ֪ΪһԼߵ߹ȥ֮ǿ϶޴Ӱ죬ǳȴǲΪԼ𺣸ɵ
ôûа취֣Ҳ𺣸ֵܣԷһֱʲô˵أ
ڳ˶̲סʣͻȻֳǲɶõĺֵܺϴ
ûе̷ûа㣬ûг
ʱƽЩͬ
Ҫ֪ƽǱ˸ŪȥǹıڣųҪǮǸλãԷ϶ᱣסҪΪʲô˵ֱô׼
֪ǽҸֵܣҪֵһ·ӣú尾˵ģҪҪߵĻе·ӣ飬ǲỳɰɣ
𺣸ĻǶͷ˭ỳһļһû·ߡ
ֻǣ֪ΪʲôûҪ֮ôһõطԭ˵Ҳˣ໢ڿ˵ǧٿף޲ǶҪһʱп޲ĻûǸʱ޲Ƕ⡣
𺣸ͻȻʵżɣȻ˿뵽ʲô飬ĺɣҲŻڱ¶
ԥһ˵Ϊҵΰɣ
Ҳһ£ⶼҪġ
𺣸Ļó֪ô˵ǣǻʲôأ
ƽͻȻðһ䣺ĪǱϴ壿
Ҳǡ
𺣸ҡҡͷ
ϴĹϣ
ðһ䣬һֱ֪ǹϡ
Ҳǡ
𺣸ЩգЩһûһӵģҲףЩˣԼ뷨ô֪
ͣ
뵽ģһɵϴԸⱻԼָǿͷβûһ飬Ǽֱ顣
˵Ҫÿһϴģνıѿܻ˲١
ǡ
𺣸ҡҡͷų˵֮ԸϴΪһ˶û˼ǾǽΪ˶Լ棬Ϊ˶ԼΣ֮УΪ˵棬һìָܶΪҪǣһߣԶᵣı˸Ӳš
𺣸һ仰е鶼βˡ
뵽ڳûиı䣬ΪڴɽĿǽɽԺɽ֮Ǿжĥɱ¿
Ȼǰ˵Ը汾˼ҳ˼ʲô
˼ҳ˼ûǿ󣬶ԼĵЩͨˣٳȥ͹һ£飬ǶѾ֪
˵Ŀжôʵ֣ʵ֮˼ҿΪЩͨŬԼЩֵܻʲôΣգ
鶼ǿġ
𺣸ĻڳͷѾʶ͸
Ҳ֮ǲŶԳޱΡ
ȴǳĬ뷨Ǽ򵥣֪Ǽ򵥣ֻȴû뵽ᱻ𺣸˸ߵۣ鶼Щ˼顣
ϴ󡣡ʱ򣬸𺣸ͻȻųе
˵ܵķӦ漴Ȼղ˼һԼš
֪𣿸ղ˵ЩʱҪƳ㣬һݶûˣ뿪ȥĵطɽǣֻҪֵڣʲôûпܵģߣҲ֪ô˿ڣ
Ҳ˵໢жѪҾ˵Ҫȥ˽԰ǱߵĻǲ·һ֪Ǹطʲôطȴ֪һǸطϰЩ£ҲֻЩ£ҪڱҸ˵˶֪ᱻ˭ߡ
ҪȥǱߣҿһ֮Ǹطչʮһ֮أҺ˶·һҿԱסҵС϶·һΪѾûˡ
׸𺣸˵Ļȴ֪𺣸Ѿ֪ǸطΣա
ûлɸ𺣸Ƿ񿴴һвŲȥֻ֪Լܹ˺ԼˣҪȻĻֻû˸ˡ
ǸطҲȥطҲȥҪʵҵĿ꣬Ҫ֪Ҹ𺣸ĴڣҪĳΪΪǿĹȡ
𺣸ҲˣֻѡԼڳϣҪȻĻҲһֱų
Ҳǵһ֪𺣸˼˵ļ򵥣˵ĸӡ
Բ𣬸ղˣֻǺĵģȴûĸܣһôһ仰ҪҪߣʱ˵ǣҳʲôĲԵĵطָұҶᷴ
ǳϿҵĶϹǸ𺣸һֵ𾴵ˡ
𺣸̹Ȼ˳һҪ㣬ԵĲˡ
ãֻҪȥǿ϶ܿͳԽ򽣰ǸɣʱҪú飬ҪǮǮҪзҪŮŮˡ
ֵܾ͸ϴҪһֵǶԸˣİ㽫𺣸һˣֲǲ֪һǲүǺܻ׬Ǯġ
ûдǶ￴ţһҪһ٣㻹ְܹҪһֱ˭Ҫ뿪طҰûдǵҰȴҲҪԼŵķϣһϴ˭óȥðհ
˶̲סЦǵĻɣǸոչƽܿա
˵붼ͬĿĶһĸá
̲סЦ˵Բ𣬸ղŵҷͿˣǺˣٴһ

˶̲סЦƽȴͻȻ˵ʲôǺ˰ڶԣҵѾָĲˣҰǴһ¡
ƽһʼûҪⱩ¶ڴֵܣܾͲʲôܡ

˵ʲô
ǿƽЩɵˡ
ʲôİһôҲѧһ㱾һеģǾͷİɣͿԱıֻܹǽ˿ڸϡ
ƽĻǶЩɵۣǳ̲סʵʲô°
Լǻָһ°ϣҶˣϴ㲻Ҳǵ˿УǶ԰ǿٻָİ
ƽ뵽Ҳһ֣ҪȻҲûпѹ
һ㶣ǻĲ֪飬һֱԼԼˣûи˹

𺣸һӾõһ룬ʲô͵ĶС
˭ˣԼԼ£ģģЩܡ
ƽԼһ£ֱӿʼתͷһð
ҿʲô°
ɶûı°ɣ
һǼ񵽱ˡ
ÿһ˵ͬȴǳһԼԼЩ˿ڻָһĿԳ׻ָֻʮѡ
֮ƽۣԼı𿪡
ĸ𺣸Ҫֹģƽȴҡҡͷ˵


146 
ƽԼǱײ𿪵ʱڳȴɵˡ

̲ס֪ʿܶ࣬ȴû뵽طôһˡ
ҺԼߵˣҪǵ˵ĻǲǴ顣
ֻ¾򽣰Щ˶֪ƽı£ҪȻ˭Ը⽫ôһŪ߰
ʲôǲ˰ȴЩŵʵǻƽǲơ
̵Ļ𺣸ȴмŭȥĵֲ̣ûпЩƣЩѪء
Ҵˡ
ҲŷӦԼղ˵ĻжôԲС
ûʲô
ƽȴҡҡͷҪԼҶţҸƣûа취Сƣȴа취
۾ЩɫϸƽƽǵƶЩ˿ϵġ
뵽ŵ˵̹Ұ㴦
һ㶣Щĵʵϴ𣿡
÷ģⲻҲϴǸʲôİһӲᣬҶ
ǿ϶˵⻰ȴûжţȴֻܹӲͷƤó
ֱӽ̵ı𿪣ʼ̵ϡ

ȴһʹĻʹȥˣϲǣϵ˿һӸԭһ
ϴһԲҪһӱҪȻǻʹ˵ġ
ƽû뵽ôԺĵѵ
ƽŪϴչ˵̺ˡ
ѲƶǸ𺣸ֱּӽ̸ˡ
ʵĵҪ֪ˣǿ϶ƴ
ȴһ䣺ʲôİǵҳ֡
ȴôԸԼû츳ٶȶԵ̡סˡ
Ѿʹȥĵ̣ȴΪİֱʹѹ
ϴŹҺðɣ
̿ߵǳȴǵõһ㣬ʲôû˵ֱӼ̾ڳʹȥ
Աߵ˿ĶģͻȻо˼ƽãƽһ룬Ҳûиоʲôʹࡣ


æпƽһ䣺ϴûгްɣ
ûаֻҪԿѡ
ĻǶԶԣֻʱǶɵɵ˵ʲôΪԼİ
ĵĲʱ򣬵̵˿ڻָˣѾˡ
𺣸Ĳźһ룬ĵǱƽãЩ˿ڶ͵̵Ĳࡣ
Ϣһ£
Ǹ˵˵ֱӻָͻȻоԼתЩˡ
㻹ǿɣϴˡ𺣸ƽ˵
ƽҡҡͷ˵ҵûϴ࣬ٶȸ죬ҹ㻹ֵˡ
ҵװողڱֻ
𺣸ȴҲµʱ֪һʲôԸ񰡣
㡭
ƽЩҲôһ£Ÿ𺣸˵ȻָһЩٰ㴦
á
Сʱ֮󣬼˵ƶָˡ
Ҳ˾޴ջǾƺЩӣֻǺ٣ȴҲ˵ĲˣζսǿԺİȫҲбϡ
ЩֵǴϵıȥʱǸһֲ
˵ǼһҪЩһΪǶѾϵȴֱӱɱЩһֲĻǵʱʲôأ
뵽һĶıһ˿׵İ
ĶԹ޵Ļ档
ֵܼ˳һٷôʲô鶼ˣڵģҲˣصǽ԰ɣ˵Դ굽һٳԵġ
ͻȻ˵˻û˽⹻оҲҪϲ˵һЩ顣

ã綼˵ˣȻˡ

÷ġ
˶Ҫʲôһ㣬Ҳˣƺȥ԰Ǳ߳Էĺܴ
Ҫ֪Ǹطһֱעĵط
Ǳһʲô紵ݶһ˶֪
һһЩֵܣ𺣸㰲һ£ܹûչˣҪʲôľֱӰžǣǮ߻С
˵ֱóһſ𺣸Ҳ֪ǻж٣ùʲôûС
á
𺣸ҲʲôûУҪǻⶫô˰
ֻʱҲ鷳飬ϾطЩ鷳
ҪǱŵ˻Ƕ֪ôźá
ʲôҪģֱӺ˵ҿԵЩ̼Ҿ𣿡Ҳ֪̼ҾһƣҲ֪ǷԸ
𺣸ȴһŵϴ󲻿ɣҪĻǺЩ˵ĴΪ̼Ҿǳ̼ĵߡ
ҪʲôԼš
Ҳ֪Լʲô˵Ļ𺣸˵һᴦȥȼӣҸ㶨


Ƕ㡣
˶˵ͷ
һһȳһȳȥƺصģ
ҿҪŰ
ϴǹƴİĻҲѧϰһˡ
ѧϰʲôֲûпʱǶôײУֱһ˿סˣҺ˵ϴǿǸˣ֪ǲǰ
һȺڲŵ˶̲סĽĿ˵ЩҲףԳȥҲûеġ
ĳǲ̫󣬼ƶѾָ߰˰ˣԿԼһûô⡣
𺣸ܿˣҲ֪ôŵģҲûйʣ֪Լô࣬Ƕ˼ҵĲΡ
ƽûһ䣬Ͼ˼Ҹ𺣸ǿ϶Ѿˡ
һȺ˾λεɱ˽԰Ǳȥ
ϰ壬ֻˡ
˼ĽӳͻȻĻ㱨һʵʲô
ԷһȺˣҪûпĻЩӦþЩˡ
ԼϢȥ⻰ӳȴǸоʲôԾǲʵϴ˰ɣ
ôܻϴҶȥˣ
Ҳ֪ԼϰʲôѸٵ˵
ԹȥҲҪ˵ʲô
ӳػǸоʲôԾʱҲֻܹȥ֪ʲô
á
ǸŹȥˡ
ʱϿŮԱ˵ֱʲô˹ģֱʲôиһЩþơ
һģǸԱĻŭţϲˡ
׼óˢʱͻȻɫһ䣬Цݲõ˵֪Ҫʲô
ʲôóԵʲôǣˢ
ճڽӳؿ϶ѾõϢԷǳԣڸ𺣸ǷԸߣǾһ¡
ⲻǳһЩǮƣΪĲ˳ǽڵҪЦǺǵ˵ʲô
ǡ
ŮԱӦȥǿųЩ죬һʼǻΪŮԱΪʲôûнȽأ


147 ̹
ǲǺܾȣ
ЦֻЦмֵ˵ϲԼʲô˸ƿصĸо˼ҵʵǿҲûа취ʲôȻԷԣȻҪԵס
ЩǶ̲ס˵𺣸ȴǲ˵ԷѾ֪ˣҪ֪³ڣ˶ûпôһӾͻᱻԷ֪º֡

Ӧһ֪طֻǶԷ˶ɸѡҪȻҲܻô֪ĳ֡
𺣸ȴЦҲãǳԵİãϴʲôҪ˵ǳǵľǡ
ûдԷҪˣһٷôҪãҪȻô˼ڰҪ˷۱
̲סЦ֪𺣸˼ôֻҪûн𺣸ߣǳԲҵ飬Ǹ𺣸ôߵġ
ֻǲ֪Է֪˼ǻʲôأҲ̲סЦ֪𺣸׳־ˡ
һֻȨƵŮˣĿø𺣸󳼷Ρ
ŪĺãǾͳԾǡ
ƽҲ̲סЦᳵ·
һЦĶڳ˿ɲֶ̣֮˵Լ͹ġ
Ʋ֮󣬳˵֮󣬽Ÿϣиܣʲô鶼ҪǳԱ˵ôɨˡ
ǡǸŮԱѾһ֪Щ˶Цݶ
ٶȰɣҪһ£ҪЩҲҪ˵ŮԱҲǰ취
áŮԱ֪żʲôʮ˽Щ˸Ū
֮󣬲˶ŮԱҲŸϡ
һƣ𺣸Ҫ͵ˣǳȴǺܼÿһ˶һϴƵĴ
ֵǣԵһԵ֡ҳһֱˣһֱڸң㲻ˣŲţᱻšʹɲˣֻԼԼϣһĻҲ죬ϣλҲˡҾλһ
һƣ˵ˣȴһֱڡ
˼ҵϴŭϴƴɱЩǲࡣ
ڳ˶ѾָĲ࣬ǿǾѡ
һ׾¶ǣҲĥˡ
Ȼˣڳһѵİ
Ǹ𺣸󶼿һ¶ǵľҪ˵ˡ
ϴʲôۣ֮ԵָڣҪû˭Ը㰡
ûдϴҲ֪Щ˶ǴˣҲ˵ʲô֮Ļһȴ֪Ǿû㣬ڼ˶֪ô
磬˵ģһҾͽи˴磬һǮһΪһȴǿҲһ˽Ļɫˡڶ㣬㵱ţ˵ģϴ㲻һְǵ磬ȴǴ´ࡣ
ȡ
ĸ˶׷ױ̬ƽĻȽ˼ҲͬĻһϴϣȴʺϵǵֵܡ
лλΣڶҪ߸λһ顣
绹Ǿ˵ҪȻоܣ˶Ѿ֪ΪʲôԼֵܾͲܹ֪أ
Ҫ֪֮ѡ뿪Ҳǡ
ϴʲô˵ɣǶֵܣʲôܹ˵İ
ֱ̺ӵ˵ֻȴǸоҪ˵ʲôһ㡣
ûд˵ǣ֪϶ʲôҪ˵ҪȻҲ
ڳҲЩ˽⣬ԲŻ˵
⻰˵˵Ҳҹǣʱˡҽ֮ǰǹʵĹӶϴ󡣡
뵽ЩȥֵܣĺܣһٸԼǸ鶼Ѿȥˣطôо޷ȥ
ʲô
ǸʮӶֽɱӶģ
ϴûпЦɣ
ڳļ˶ţǶڹʵҲһЩǵҲ֪ǻΨһһӶš
ҲΪ飬ԲŻ֮֡
˵ǸʱӶŶѾҵڣֻҪһĻҲͿܻһӶţпܻһ
ҵģңЩֵһûл뿪
ݺݵĹԼһƣͻȻúܻΪԼȻȴû뵽ЩֻǱ档
ڳ˿ѾԾѾǳݲݵˣһֿһ
ϴԸ˵˵㵱Ĺ𣿡̾ȻҪ֪飬ûȥɳǷ˵ٻ֮ģûӵ飬˭ȥ
Ȼû˵ǶмڴĿųǸ𺣸󶼺Ҫ֪ôôһݵġ
ڳżעһ磬ĹӶȴǵһעһΪҪ֪ԼڹûпܽһΪǶЩˣҪڹո¶ͷǣҪǸӶĸ
һ֪
ΪɫԵ⣬˶Ҫ˸״û߳ٵס
ҲǣĽԼĹ¸˵
Ҳǳ̻Ķӡ
ĵһ仰ȴʯ쾪˶׵ĲᣬһŵĴģǶ֪Լô˵Ҫ֪Ҫǳ̻ĶӵĻ˭
̻Ķȥһطˣ
УҪǳ̻Ķӣǳ̻ΪʲôҪԳôã
Щ鶼ǵԺ棬ȴôûʳ֪ԼϴǣҪֻǾǵǾȡ
ǻ棬Ϊʲôͳ̻Ĺϵôðɣ˵Լ֪ΪʲôʱҽӵǱ̼ҵС㣬ڵĽ㡣ʱǳ̻ԽӼҵģ鶼ߵԨҴġ
ϴŹ飬Լ֪ԼʲôȻ˵ĹϵѾԽһĹĹϵ
ԨǸΪϼŵĴܼҵˣһ㶼ʲôɫ𣿡
𺣸ȴһӾǺԨй
ǸˣҲ֪ΪʲôҲΪҵݸһɣһʼûʲô⣬ںȴǳ⣬ұΪǸ˵ڣֻǸȴͻȻȥˣûдǱϣɵġ
һǶЩɵۣ˵ݶѾЩ죬߳ϼźͻϣҪ
ϴԾһҸоҵ̲ˣȻҪ˶ѾȥΪʲôİ
̲סʵ˿׳һẉ̂⻹Ҫ˵
ԾΪȶס֣Ҫ֪ϼѾû˼̳ˣǻ´ң
ΪҪҲҪ𡣡̾Ϣһ˵˵ĿһµģֻǿϧǣǶǵˡ
ϴΪʲôҪЩ飿
ǵûʲôģǸŵǳˣǳϼŵݡ
ǸȨѹ˵Ҫûʵǳ϶ᱻ˸ǳʵҲֻǵ׺ѡ
ݣǸˣϾ滹ʲôţҪûУҲûа취Ҵͷˡ
ҲʲôܣһѾ֪ⶫֻºܿͻᵽ˶֪ҵֵΪʲôܹ֪
⻰˵ڳˣһɵӰ
Ȼ֪⻰ֻǿ׻һ֪֪ôԷҲɵɵĵȥΪʲôô
ϴ󡭡
˶ų˵Ƕû뵽Ρ


148 򽣰
ˣҪ˵£ԺǶͬʹֵܣĻҲ˵ҳԴӵЩֵܵϴûһԲǵ¡һôһ仰кǰ̣ҪŻһӭһһ̣ҪֵǵľĹˣֻܹ㣬˵ȴһ
Ҫû˵ղŵ֮ǰǿ϶ᱻ˸ɣȴ׳Ϊʲô˵
ЩӶźܶ˶Ĳʱ˳ȥɵġ
Ȼ˶ΪǱѵΪҲҪϴʲô˼
ȴǶԼ˲ȡֵ̺֧̬ȣǶôõذ
𺣸ĵԹҲûˣЩȻҪԷ˼ģѾ֪˸ûб˼Ҫһֱǹ飬ǾСǼˡ
ϴ⻰˵ģֵôˣҪŽһ˭ԸȥôࣿΪˣкôҶѾһεˣҪǵʱżʱ䣬ֻһὫҸ⡣һϴǱʲôá
ƽȴһ϶˵֪һһһϸĴ磬ڲǺϸϴǲǻԼЩˣ
ûдϴҲ֪Լǿ϶㡣̺ǳݵ˵
ǶƨôϴԺҪȥʶһЩʵǿߣҪЩһһ
ȴһսӣһֱҪһֻǿϧǣһֶȱĻᣬԼӶŵϴ󣬾ǸӶѾ𣬵˿ӰԳϿɡ
ϴҪô𣿰һ֮ûа취ˣǹЩѾʼڻѰҴˣǸҪСһ㣬Щ֪
𺣸ǲͬΪһңҪǵȽ϶ࡣ
Ӧò֪ǵʱˡ
˵⻰ʱЩţ̲סֹһ䣺ǲ֪ϴЩųôȣǷᷢҵĴڡ
ĻһǶ֪ô˵ôĳңѧ͵㣬ⲻԼ
ֻʱҲö˵ʲôûϾ˸ͻȻŪϣȫǳ⡣
ܻ֣ᷢطǵĵ̣Щ˵ǲô±ˡ
𺣸̲ס˵Ҳ֪Щпܻ֪Ĵڡ
˵ЩˡҲԼЩȥ飬˵ǻ룬ôԸ򽣰Щ˵һڡ
ɲЩ侮ʯļһ
ֹ˶ǡ
򽣰ǱߣҵЩ취ƽͻȻ˵Ļ˶һϲ
ʲô
㻹򽣰Щһ֤
ˣҲҪעһ£Ҫ򽣰˸ǣȥ
˶æ˵Ƕ֪ʱ򽣰ǲһ޴С
ҪûдãǺ׾ͻ顣
˭֪ƽ򽣰ǱǷʲô֤ÿһϴ󶼺ͳƵģ϶С֤ܵ
һСܷˮǾʰǵʱˡ
ЩҶ֪ҵʱȥݡ
ƽѾΪԼˣ֪Լ򽣰Ǳߣ϶ĶŪҲûа취ġ
дͺãʲôأ
æʵҪŪ򽣰
򽣰һ˽˿ڵģʱҲһΣ֪·ֻҪԽЩʱŵһ㹻Ӱýȥ򽣰ͻᱻѹĺ޻ֻ֮һҪ϶ģǾǲܹȥЩý壬򽣰רŵǱߣһЩۼǶǼ̷
ƽĻЩ㵣򽣰ĻҪܣ
˵򽣰֯жôܰ
𺣸ͻȻ˵־û˵ģҲǺ־ⶼ潻ѣʱ˭֪ʲôأ
򽣰濴ɢɢ濴ȴǻǴһΪߵǾӵ·ߣ׼ȷ˵͹Ӷ֪࣬ǮǱ߻һЩʵǿ˴ڣǶǴЩûа취ˣҵ˸ӵͣǶó֮Ķ
ƽҲһżȻ²ŵ֪飬ҪȻΪǮĵô㰡
ôһ֧š
ϸ˵˵򽣰ľܶĶҶǴ־Ǳ֪ģҲ֪˵ģٵġ
𺣸ȴ˵ҪЩϢ©ʲôǶִܻ鷳
ƽҲһ㣬һĽЩ֪Ķ˸𺣸˶۾š
ǶΪ򽣰֮ԿҲֻöѣǲ֪˼Ǯ汾¡
˭ûа취ϵģЩ֯Եܲ˵Щ·ʲôǮһһһŴģ飬ǶЩĸо
뵽ǵ鶼Ǹӡ
ҺҲѾһУҪȻĻǶһеӺǮǱ߼ԡ
ǺͺڷĶ飬Ǳ߾֧˼װָϻѷɫߡ
üͷû뵽Ǯı£ҲãԼ߲̫įôһţҲԼĥɸõı¡
ҪȥŪ򽣰Ϊô찡𺣸ͻȻƽʵֻڲ˲ŻЩ©һطνĵ˸˽㣬ҲΪ˴˵ʵʱ
໢򽣰Ĳ࣬ǸͲ˵ģҪ˵໢֪򽣰ܶ飬ȫϹ˵ʲô𺣸ҪǱ򽣰ﶼûа취
˵Լߵ˶ѾЩ˸֪˵ԼߵǱȥʱǷ˸֪ͬ
Ҫ֪Ǳߵôߴ󣬶Ǳ߿ɽҲʲô
ڻֻ׶ΣôܻʲôöЩأ
սʱڣ֮ѱ䣬һΪʲôϣһΪԷ̫ˣĶ˭̸ʲôδ飬Ǿ͸ӵĳˣһǿԿüĶһ翵ĶֻҪɵӶѡˡ
ȻˣЩ˳⡣
򽣰©ҲֻǵЩˣֻҪץסǵЩ⣬ʱŪĺ䶯鶼ʲô顣
ƽ֪ЩɨʲôĶСС֣ûа취򽣰˽ǣֻЩ޴䶯飬һǲǻкܴЧ
ǮҲ˵ΣҪ򽣰һЩС鱻˸ĺ̨϶Ը㶨
ҪЩ鱻˸Żо޴鷳Ҳһ仰ƽһֱǵڡ
Щ⽻ʲôģ֪𣿡
𺣸ҲֻܹЩطˣȴǼǵЩ޹Ů֮ǰڣҪЩˣֻҲ֪ԼڸûбȥˣҪӲ˵һȥʲôģǻпܻԼֱӽȥ
ǿ϶Ҳ֪ԼڵжôΣա
ھһ޴У˭ûа취ѣΨ棬˭԰Ǿһʤߡ


149 ƺɽ
Щ⣬ҵ֪һ½һΣӦǰʱ佻׵ģǰʱͻȻĺһֱӽЩ߸Ҳһֱûгһʱ䣬Ӧþ⼸죬ܻһγҪǿͺÿԽ򽣰
ƽҲмֿ϶˵֪򽣰Щ̶ҲȽϸߣô϶飬Ѷȴ൱ĸߡ
һ򽣰·Ƕʱƶģһ򽣰ĲǳصģֻҪʲô紵ݶǶøֶػء
˵ôǺ;Ķ鶼Ƿḻ
ҪƶһҰ취ȥЩûа취
˵ֻҪ˿ȥĵط취ȥ
ֻȴǲ֪Լȥһط
û⣬ҪһЩʱ䣬ñ˸ơ
ƽǿ϶˵ڶѾзҪϸһ£ó˸ƣ֪Щ˿϶Ѿ֪ĴڣҪɰԭķǿ϶顣
ô룬֪㻹ţҲûа취ı䣬Ͼ·ҲֻôҪҪ¿ٳҪܴʱ䣬飬ǲǳԵġ
𺣸ȴǺܴ󵨵˵һ㶼³ᱻ˸ƣôʱɱΧҲûпܵ顣
ã˭ֻ
ƽڳһˣʲôûд
æԼĺѼóƽ˵Ҫͼ
ֱӻ㣬㵽ʱȥǱ߿Ҳֻ֪ǸڣÿһζЩѺ͵ġ
ƽĻǶò򽣰ƽʱǸλûа취Ӵô飬ȻǮκ˶ôΡ
á
Ҳֻ֪ܹˣڸôѰңǵʱͿԼ
ˣǮ־˶Ľʲô
ͻȻ뵽һ飬Ǿ֪ڶԲŸҳİ
֪Ĳֿ֪˵ڰ·ϱ˸Ӧ򽣰顣
˵򽣰ʵϵʲô
ƽͻȻŸ𺣸ʵһֱ޷ףҪ˵򽣰ĳͻǶǲ١
ѵĻƺЩɣ
׼ȷ˵ӦþЩĴ˾һӹ˾ҵһ˭ҪԼ˿ЩҵֶζֻʱȴڵȴûʱǶǸΪ
𺣸ҲôɵĹϵŷһ±ǡ
ԥһ˵Ҫɸ׶ûĿܰ
ĿܣǺѣɵϴϼ޻֮ģҪɱǱ˴˿пܻᱻһɱǾͻĳ嶯
𺣸ףҪ˳ֻ֣졣
ʱƽȴͻȻ˵Ҳûа취Ǯһ㣬ǾţҪһ߲ǮʲôìܣֱӻɱǮţˡ
ף⣬ҪҪǳְ˫һ˵֪˵Ϊȥġ
ԣ̡˶һ飬нƽϴһЩ飬ô˵ҪǿԽЩﶼҲһ顣
𺣸Ѹٲÿһ˶񱻷ɳȥ
顭
ʱͻȻ˸죬ܴ
ڳļ˶ʱһŭǾûطȻ˸ǵķš
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Щŭʵ
ڵģһСӸӵλðҹ
ŵȴǸоЩϤ
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漸ˣͳŷȥҪ˿ĻǶһʲô鷢
Ҳ֪⼸ûôߵ֪ȡ
Ǻǣļһˡ𺣸̲סЦ˵Ǹ鷳ǹġ
ǳ𣿡
˸ɱǳˣмǺƢ˰
пܣֻڶû֤ݣҲҪ
𺣸ɲֳʲô鷳ϾڶеʱڣҪǸ鷳Ҳʲôý֡
ס
˵ͷƽȴͻȻ뵽֪Ǹ˭ˣƺɽ֮ǰҶһ顣
˵ȷǻƺɽոڳԷʱ򣬿Է뵽ϴԼﱻ˸ȥһĻһμ¡
ĻмְֵĿˣ˵ܴηģְȴǽӵһЩ˵ĵ绰ʾб䶯ϣֳһЩҲŻڵ顣
ĻƺɽЩ˵Ǻǣû뵽ƴٶﰡ⵹ϡ֪ͣʲôҪҪȾƵĻҿԹ㼸ʮƿ
Щѿ˭˸ţȶá
ƺɽһεǴˣʲôͳ˵ֻԼ˼ߵ˵GO
ע⵽Щ⣬ΪЩ϶һѪζֻ֪ǰͬС
Щһ֪ЩǳԼģ·أ
ôƺɽɫǿԽӴһ˵ļһȻЩ˶ǻϣģ
Ǽ⿴ųǵЩɻȻǿһȴǸоЩ졣
˹ٷң㿴һ˭
Ҳֻ֪Ǹо죬һط
ǿԼסĻûжٸΨһһǼסˣǶѾ˰
һû˵˿ߡ
˵Ľȴ֪ҪǼ˵ȥ˭֪˵ʲô飿
ɽ
󺰵Ҫ֪طô飬Ҫǲ
ˡ
ɽܲģȻ˵άطģոȴǽӵһ绰ǾǴ᲻ܷʲô鶼ܹκϡ
ɽ֪ǽڶĿʼ˼ҶֺҪǻ֣ǲǶ۵顣
ǱҪǴȥͲ£Ҫߵ˶ǣҲֻΪһЩ֡
Щ˸ôָЩ˵
¡
ɽһ仰˼ΧһЩˡ
ЩʵĪ㽭Ѿʼڣ
ҽңǣҲ飬鷳
ɽ̾ϢһȥǼȻڽȴҲһЩ
һӾ֪Ҫսˡ
û˷ϻʲô
ɽ켸ֱΧŹǼ⡣
ǸʲôҵҲǿԲκϵҪǸŲֱʧҵ
ƺɽҲ׳գ֪Щ˶ڹ˼ʲôǿϧǣȴǲ֪ɽĿеλá
Ǻǣ٣ֵʧҵеط𣿡
ɽðôһ仰һҪڳߣһҪڳߡ
˵ƻ̫ˣҪƺ⣬ҳߵĻҾͱע⵽ˣֻΪص̫Ҫʱβ


150 ӳص鷳
Ȼ֪ԼѾ߸ע⵽ֻɽǿЦĻЦ˵ҪֵԸĲ˵һڳԵģǾͲġ
ֵûУУڵģǵĵ̻۸ǵˡ
ɽЦŴ˳Щ͹ȥƺɽһڵ֪ԼҪ鷳ˣææĳԶȥĿǸӰȴûг֡
ϾƺɽһӸ֣Ҫֻ֣ҲЩ鷳
ڲܹ֣Ժְܹ
ѾˣֻҪԼ߻ǾֱӳֽƺɽʰͲŻƺɽôɾʲô鶼ɣ
ֻҪǾͿԳ֡
ȥԷͿˣһᴦ
ɽų˵Ҳ֪Լ
áҲ飬Ȼɽ߶Ը㶨ԼǴ˷ʱ䡣
ʲô𺣸Źŵĳʵ
һԱû鷳ֻǴȴЩ֣֪ǲ׹ǱߵˡˣǶӦû֪ƺɽɣ
ǲ֪ƺɽʲôɫڳȴ֪ǲܹǵļһ
𺣸Ĭһ˵ϴôͻƺɽжԹģ
ҪǿԵĻ𺣸󶼲ôͻƺɽϣΪֱ˳ͻ
ȻڶѾϣע⣬ҲֻСɫѣҪǵȻϣڳʰǣǲ鷳١
δʱôһȻӲɣʤǺܵ͡
ôǸһ鷳𣿡û뵽𺣸Ȼı顣
ƺɽƨ˺鷳Ǳߣ˵ǶǱߵһȻһϣֻǻһӾͱע⵽
ƽҲЩŵ˵ڻƺɽ֪ı˶һ㣬Żļɵ
ȴЦǺǣûʲô⣬ҪǶԷˣǾŪǾǣҲǲ֪ڼʲôûУǻʲôأ
⻰һӷӦ
ǰ
Щ˳Сʲôóأ
ȻˣԼôʲôأ
Ǹ˵˵վȽŸ֮󣬵ʱҪúúǸ档Ҫİ˾ҿûʲô취ҪȻԺһ˸ɨǶ顣
Ҳ֪һմЩɫĶҪϴײôףЩˣҪ˵а׵Ĳ࣬УҲǼ˶ѡ
ס
˶ͬ˵
ϴ󣬰ڵǸȥֲǣľƣԷҲ
𺣸ǿ϶˵֪ԼߵĻǶ֧ģȻ֡
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Ҫ֮ǰԼ߻ǿ׳ڶѾɥ֮ȮҪг̼ҾţֻԼ˶Ѿ˸նݳˡ
ûȥԣ˭֪أ
𺣸Ҳ֪ǷԸǣֻҪ˴˶棬黹ǿԲκϵġ
á
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á
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ӳҲû뵽Լô˳ͿԽ֮ææ˵ոЩˣ֪ʲô𣿡
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ˣҽȥ˵ӳؿɲſվ˵ÿ
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Щǲܹ˵ģҪȻӵġ
ˣҺ㵥ȥ˵ɡ
ӳؿų˵⻰óЩе˵Ҫ֪ʲô飬һҶûʲôȤҪ˵𺣸飬Լ˵ðɣ
ǣҪ̸̸Ǻ顣ӳصĻóЩ㵣˻ʲôú
ҺЩŵʵ
ղŵҲˣЩѾͲסҪҶˡ
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ֻĵǣǱȴҲǲȡĬϵ̬ȣЩƺҪԼ뿪λá
ΪĿģЩ˿˵ǲֶˡ
ҲΪ飬Ųô֪߰ԼĺܶԼķ֣ҪûмԼи𺣸ǻ۶ûá
ȴǵ˵Щû̫Ĺϵɣ߶ûʲô£ߵ˺鷳
Ǻǣǰ˵ٻбҪֲǲ֪ߺò˶١
ӳҳ˻ôĸ߰
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𺣸Ҳ֪ʱʲô鶼ٵˣҶģҪȻȥĻ˭ûʲôô
ֻ֪һ·أǿ϶˵˭֪ЩĶǶôĿֲ
ͻȻ뵽ҪŮ˰ˣֻҪ˸ɻһͳȥпܡ
˵ʲô飬ͨ˶Ѿ࣬Ҫ˵ЩνĴˡ
ߡ
ӳҲ֪ԼҳҶϲɣڳңҲ֪Ƿ԰ȥҲ֪򽣰˶Щ޼ɵľٶһڿǣҪǳ
֪ͲҪ˵ˣֻҪ֪ʲôá
Žӳ˵鶼Щӡ
һŮˣҲԸ⣬Ҫǲ̸ףֻ½˭ζ˵
Ҫղŵ飬Ѿˣûдһ춼飬˵ģɽЩΪѣЩ鲻֣Ҫ߰æ
ǰӳΪԼ㹻ȨȥڵסЩëЩʲôģҲ̫ӡ
ʱŸоԼʱжôĴ
Ǻǡ̲סЦһ䣬ҿԵõʲôҪ˵ʲôǮҵĶȻ࣬Ǻô̼һ֧ңӹɵġ
˼ԣҪûа취㹻Ķô
ڽӳҲһУ˭ȥ˭˵ȴҲӵӰ졣
ҳʳһ˾ԼǮʱ𺣸ִйٵλãĳɣǱɣҵĳ⡣
ӳصĻóЩԺʵǮҪˣҲҪҡ
һڡӳһָͷ˵
ҿҪƵ𣿡
ǮֻҲõ֡
Ǻǣ˼ˡ
ڳļ˶̲ס۷׷ףǶ룬жӰ졣


151 
͸𺣸˶ûпǶ֪Ǯã֮ǾǴ鷳
ǿɲʲôݰǲΪֻҪԼǮʲô鶼ûС
Ҫôףӳͱ˸ԵĹͷûˡ
ҪʲôŽӳʵ֪ʱЩ˿϶вͬ˼
Ǽ򵥵һ仰ֻҪǱ֤ҵİȫ
ӳصĻһȻ˵顣
Ǽһ𣿻УֻˣûǮǱǴǮǣǧ򣿡
ҪȷһЩ飬ҪȻʱԼ컨׹ۣ˼ȴ˼ǾͶ󷢡
Ȼˣҿ𣿷ģҵľƣѾûа취˵̫࣬ҿóһˡ
ӳһӾ͸һź˿ڳ˴Ц
û˵˻к֮˵ϴһˣô޷ıġ
ʵϣҲһˣЩһڱҸɵʱǶ˵һˡ
ѵ
һ̲ס٩Ƕ֪һ϶ʲôˣֻû뵽˸ñӶѡ
ˣЩ˵ҲὭӳŸ𺣸ʵҪǰ˵ȥЩûʲô׬ҪЩɱ̫ߣҲ
ʵʲôΪҪİ
Ǿ˲š
Լô˶ǲԸ⣬һбǸ¢ˣе鶼С顣
ֻҪڣǵǮԴԴϵ
ȻΪʲôҪǧ򰡣
黹ǿģǮʱֵҲ䣬ǿֱתͣڣЩ˾ǧҲҪлòǰ
𺣸ǵЩ˻ֱº֣طʲôûп
ֱӾǺɨģָ˼Һ㽲ʲôε飬ζΡ
ҪǲʲôΥ飬˵ûлð
֪ǺڰЩǮ˶޷죬ʲô鶼ǱɵˣǶǰֻ֪ǲҲ
ô˵أҲðɣҪ֪
𺣸Žӳ˵ȻǻЩԣΪĻ¼ʶĲ࣬Ҳûа취ġ
ӳسһ˵ҪǵӰ㹻ǾҪһ춼ûа취ûôļһȷԼûʲô𣿡
ӳؿ֪ЩһʲôʷԺ󶼻ᱻҪСЩ˵Ψһ뷨
ǺǣҪǰ˵Ǿû˼ˣҪңҲǵ⣬ҪҪʲôҲûа취
֪Щè壬Ż˵ġ
ӳȴǲ֪Լ˵ʲôˣҪǰճ˵òҲûа취⡣
ˣҪĻ͸𺣸̸̸ҪΪԵĻǾͿԣҪǲԣҲҪҡ
һֱϲ˦ƹ񣬲ΪģԼûôһǻۣͲô顣
𺣸ҲƴǣŽӳʵ̸
ȥ¥ϰɡ
ӳҲȥʲôط¥һġ
á
𺣸ֱӸȥˡ
ϴ˵ǺŮ˺׬ˣǿ˰ųʵô벻ףʲô
ô˵أ϶׬ˣЩǵĵˣǰٿסһѣ׬ˣҲҪԼǺòſ԰ҪΪôһ棬Լ;Ͳֵãǲ֪ô
Լֻܶʱȥô飬Ϊ֪Щûа취롣
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ӦһƽȴͻȻ˵Ļǵô죿ط϶ҪܶˣһЩһεĻǵʱֵҲʧصġ
ƽеŻʵ
һ˵ҪǶԷЩһĻҲ·ٶȥǱһˣֻҪǸãֻҪҽЩǣҲôһǵʱǾлᷭˡ
ϴҪǸŽǸأ
ƽ֪ҪȥǸýţڵЩ˶ǼǮۿļһɲΪȥʲôá
Ҳֻ֪ЩҪǲȥԿĻ˭֪ʲôأֻҪ㹻ĻӦûӦġ
ףЩýҲùҪץסһţǾҪ޴ĴۣǺܶʱ򣬾ʹ򸶳޴Ĵ۶ûá
鶼Щʵûа취ѹŻᱻ˸һ
ڳеѾûа취ѹ򽣰ôţ˭֪
˵ֻǲһȼˣҪȥˡ
ã⼸ȥôһЩ·
ƽҲ֪Ҫʲô˵
á
˵ͷ˵ǼԺǵģҪ֪һҲװʹ򵥣Ҳܹ˷Ѱ

Գԡ
˵ҶˣһԶˡ
˶̲סЦ󶼴á
ǻûгԵӵʱ򣬸𺣸ͽӳˡ
ӳڳ˵ϣǺ죬ҪʲôԵֱӵǣһҵġ
ǺǺ飬ңȻȥɡ
ǲ뽭ӳؼˣȻŮ˺Ưʲôã
˵鶼Լ˽ҪǱŮ˸֪ˣԺ󻹲֪ʲô顣
áӳҲ֪˼ֱˡ
һεʲôƽŸ𺣸ʵЩˡ
Ƚϼ򵥣߳ˣǱǳһЩô꣬ҲЩԷ֣ʱôһ֣򽣰ȴһǿǲǻڵģҪ㹻ĸֱӳ˾ʵǲ
𺣸ĻóףԼߵ˾ͺ͹Ӷˣ뵽̲ס˵Щʽôã
ЩʽҴ㵽ʱֱͶ빫˾棬ռͷûʲô취ʲôӾ飬Ҫһβ̸
ȻȨ˸𺣸󣬵Ǹ𺣸ȴףԼҪʲô鶼߳Լ飬Լ
Ϊϴοð
˵ͷ˵ˡ
ûʲô԰ɣ֮ϴҪæµˣҶѾĿˣȹȥЩ̸£ƽȥЩĻҵʱǼֽ򽣰ƿ͵ƾǵûа취򽣰ɵģҵɣ
𺣸ǿ϶˵Ҳǳֶˣ˭ɱɱ
ҽĶǺƣоǲЩΪƵĵ·
ֻҪԼЩӾ͹ȥЩ˾ġ
ҪûЩɫĶͻҹ
ʵϣֻҪһֱôݵĻǺɫĶͲҪǳһɱһͲͬˡ
Ȼķ׾ͳΪط̫࣬˱пܡ


152 Ľ̸
ǶȵĴ˶ûȥʲôطֱסˡ
ʱͿԿ԰ߵĺôеط˯ĵط֪ȥʲôط
ڶһ磬ٶȳϼǱȥˣ֪ԼʱѾˣҪǲ㴦򽣰һֳʤֻ֮ûлᷭˡ
֪ǼʲôǾЩҲһ򽣰ﶷϾЩǿüġ
ʤǶпܻᵼԼĻ
ʵϣҲ뵽ˣЩһôܻôļڰ
һ嶼Ӱ쵽صߣЩ˻ʲô
ǽıġ
ϼŵʱ˶ûȻڶûϰࡣ
أЩ˿ʼϰࡣ
Ҳ֪ǸռʲôģģҪǸ˱Ƚϵ͵һ㶼ûƬҲֻܹϸš
ڳڵȴʱһͻȻͣϴ棬ȳϵһ֮ǳųԱߵͣȥ
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û뵽ռȻôϰˣ⻹һ
ȴǸ˱Ƚ϶࣬Ͼ磬ҲȽأֱӳǱ߹ȥ
ռڣҪǲֵĻǺѿҲֻܹպ
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ֱӺ֣ûлͷıڿųʵ֪ʲô𣿡
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ռƽ˵һ㶼ȳһ㡣
ЩĿռҲû˵ʲôֻǾĸŹȥ
ȥ֮ſռȫòһȽŵļһ
ڵûп˵Ͼط˵ĵط
ʲô
ڰ칫棬ռԼıʵǸطʲôС
ţ̡
˵ǱȽϲĶ
ϲȰ׿ˮⶫôΣ
ռĿ˵ȴ֪⻰ǻлȴǲôռ˵ˮǺãһӵȻζҲһ쿪ˮһУ绻һЩпζĶ

ռ̲סЦܶ˶˵һںȿˮʱǶѾúˮˡ
һӾףǶԷʲôΣոߵ顣
пܣǿˮһֱȥ˭ܵ˰ԼҪȿˮߵȴҪİɣ
Ͳռߵ˶СĽҪ˾ôûпܻô
ͻȻ뵽Ļ£ǲΪΪһ㣿
⵹һ⣬ҪʲôҪͬⰡ
ռƽЦȴ̲ס˵Ҫͬ⣬㿴˶갡еϦ˭֪ʲôʱͲڣʱһߣЩҪȱһӾͱֻѹƵԽԺ󱬷Խذɣ
ռЦĺǿģǵһ˵⻰ˣţ̣㿴ţ̺úȣǰ׿ˮúȡ
ȻΪţˣҪ˵׿ˮúȣֻʲôᶼûС
붼û˵
ɳϣʼնû̸һڳе飬Ǳ˴˶֪Ѿ̸ˡ
СӣҼҪţ̵˶ر˵ûдеϦҲ룬Ҫһ˼׿ˮǲǿߣҪһֱˮΪطô𣿡
֪طĴĹͣҲ룬طٴôҲ˿طһֱˮʱ˭Ϊ߱˸Եĺðÿһź˶ҪԼߣҲҪ֪֮һֱˮΪ֮ǰһֱֻܹˮ˶ʼţ̣ˮˮȣ
һƽ˵ֻ˿ȴЩţΪ֪ǹϵɰܵ顣
˵ҲûдռҲһ㣬ͣһ˵ҺţҪǵģ˵û
С֪ѾˣʲôʱҪȣ
ȻԽԽãҪǺʣҾͺȣҪǲʣҼˮǡ
ռЦźԼˮȴǺܿ϶˵㲻ʧģһġ
ߡ
ռĿͳȥ
ã̾Ϣһ˵ϣһβˣҪŮɵҪ𣿡
ɲ֪һλһ˵ĹϵҪȻпܻô׽һ˸˵
Ϊ˼Ҳ֪ʲô
ܿͻصУطĸݵء
ֱȥҳ̻ϾʱǵõЩҲҪ㹻
̻𴲺磬칫ҵʱ򣬳̻Ѿڴһˡ
ͷӣҪһ飬㿴ʲѯһ̻һʵʲô飿
Ҫ򽣰ˡ
ֱӵ˵̻ȴһ˵ôҪҪĻǲҪϾЩóģĿɽڡ
Ҫֱõ򽣰ﷸ֤ݡ
Ҳ֪̻ڵʲô˵
ŶԣҪʲôİ
ҵʱԼȥϣԽҵЩ¸סҲ֪ǷʲôЩһҲܻЩʲô飬ֻҪʲô飬ǽȥû⣬ҪЩ캦ģˣҲûл˵
֪ƽЩ˶ôɾһ򽣰һ£ǿ϶ᱻǣôڿţҪû飬ǲǹ¡
⻰̻˵ͷ˵ףˣͽӳغˣ
ףô֪û뵽ոտʼͱ֪ˡ
ô֪鶼Ѿֵķзˣ˭֪˶˵ͽӳصĺǳϼźǵĺ
ڳǳϼŵĴһһ˸š
ˡ
û뵽ôһ̻ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳ㣬ҪǺǸطҲãȻǸطѾڶ֮УҲûʲôһʤĻþ޴Ļر
̻֪ǸطǱж
үһرˣΪһֱΪﾺ棬ֻҪӳؿԿԺӳؾǽҵĴ
ĻҸôദ֪ӳʲôɫԲЩꡣ
ܼ򵥣ҪദĻǾƽľͿԵˣѣ鶼ͬ
ϵѩ̿һ˿еģһӳذԺڳУ̻Ժߵˡ
ûпӳص˸ҽƺɽϳȥ
һ顣
ˡ
뵽Լòƻһ顣
ҪŪ򽣰ǾҪץյǺҪĻ̳ǵʱϾֵһ֣һʧһǸȻкܴҰģЩջǺģ֪ȴһһũĵز
̻˵һ̲ס̾ϢһìܵˣһΪȨֶΣһȴǱ˶ûеģû˿ۡ


153 
ãˡ
һʼûҪͺһֵģڿԼֶ߲ˡ
ͻȻ뵽һ飺ˣǸ̹ô찡
ǳ̻ø磬⻹ǳڸ𺣸Ǳģ֪˸ôҪ֪ʱ֮Իᱻ˸ע⵽ǻΪһ
̻Ǹӣ֪ԼӵȥҲйϵֻһʱ䶼ЩͷۣҲ֪ô
㲻֪
Щɵۣ⻹Լ֪Ǹ
ô˵ء̻̾Ϣһ˵˺ֵܲǵûзֵʱֻ֮ΪǵͬԲŻᵼ±˴˵ĳԽԽߣҶӵҲйϵҲ֪ôŪֱӷϵ
̻Ļóף˼ҲĴѡֶΣԼΪʲôĴأ
ȻĻٸңмǱߣԼעɣѾǸ֪ˣǱߵĻҶôܡ
Щͷ۵˵̻ȴæ˵㲻ҪӱܰҶôһ仰ѡһˣҳ̼ҵܹϡ
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ɡ
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˵˼仰ֱˣ̻ڰ칫棬ųıӰЩ죬֪ʲô
ӷ߳ʱԨüûһҲ֪һʲôȥˡ
áк
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ԨҲ˵ͷ˾ֱӲ
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Ԩ߽칫棬̻ʵ
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Ԩ˵ͷ
оСô̻ڵĶЩġ
˻ôһģûбȨƺʴǸүǱҲҪһ°ߵҪֻЩðɣ
Ԩ֪̻뷨ЩȴǿŤĹϲ˼ҺҲˣ㻹ôǿŤ
֪ȴ飬һԽԽˣһȴҪȥЩһ鷳Ҳ֪ûǸ£ֻһûǸ£ֻ»ᱻɵĺ
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ǺǣʲôʱĹЩ˰ֻʧҵѣֲʲôֱӶСϲЩ˾ҲҵΪֻһκϲĹ˾˶ѡҲڽҺң˼ҶѾڷĺϲˡ
ԨĻջó̻¶ģãȻ׼ɣֳ󶯾СһһѣҶҪˡ
ͶˣϼűϻӲطСè˭ԸⰡ
ԨֹǳϼŵĴܼңǳ̻ĺѺֵܡ
ڳϼŵ飬ȳ̻˽⡣
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֪ƽһطôһϵİ
ЩĵʵЩԤУЩ̫ˡ
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ƽǲףΪʲôһƬطû˳֡
Ҫ֪֮ǰҪǳĻǿ϶طѲˣھˣ˶ûУԵòԾ
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֪ȻҪطЩǹǰɨ
ҲǣҪǲǵԵЩ档
⣬˵ôʲôûаֲǽҪţҪôż𣿿ô˵ߣҪطĶֵĻǲԼĸо
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵飬ֲǲ֪ڵжôĽţҪǲǰĻ˭֪ط᲻ᱻ˸ռ˰ֻҪô˵ļһҳɽͷΪ򽣰ﵹ𣿲ҲˣΪʲôϴֺͺãǼˡ
ˣϴʲôҪôడҪҪǾͼˣʲôµġ
ʮһҹҪƽڲݶ棬ҲᱻǸ֡
ʮ֮ǲŽطɨһΣҵһЩҰζʲôûз֡
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˷ϰƽȴǲ̧ͷ֪Щ˵ĸоеģֻܹڲݶ档


154 ̵
ҼסˣҲ˵ҪһãǶֱȥĹҺúģҪɣһεļֵжǿԼĳ֪ˡˣҰմߡ
һͷĿ˺ƽȴ֪˺Ǯĸ֮ǰȻҲ֮ΪĸȴǿԺǸһȽϵġ
ƽ߳ʱ򣬶Ѿҹʮˡ
һļأڻǵõ˻ر
鶼˲֪١
ƽΧûʲôˣСĳЩڻطһȥ
ǺһжСģÿһ˶Сġ
顭
ƽСģǶûãΪЩһֱطţ֮ԿԽǻΪ˼ûвɡ
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֪ߵʱ˵ȥ·ߣӦǱȽԶɣ
ȥ֪ʲôʱŻ˵ôˣǻǿԼôɣ򽣰˻ԽƵˣҲ֪ʲôӦǺҪйϵɡ
𺣸ȴͻȻ˵ȥҲֻļƽӰҵ顣
˺Ҳ򽣰ˣ֪Ƿ֣ЩһﾹȻһжЩʮֵǣôɶڴǾֻκȴʲôûС
ҲȥһȦһֱûзκˣŵġ
鲻Ҫô࣬Ǹɵ˶һеģ֪Щթƭˣ˵б£ҲԽһɸ
𺣸ǶǸЩ֪ԲŲϡ
ȴüͷһ˵ϴǸҲŪһ˵Щ˻ĳ᲻ɸṩİ

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Ҳ֪ʱ˵ûа취˵ˣֱӸһ绰
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á
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ЩƽʱӴĶ˲֪٣ǱϹЩ߳ģϴ֪κﶼкܶ쭳֣Ҹ쳵Ҳһģǳ˽һЩЩӦҲкܶ˽ģôߣȻǺ򽣰һˣɶһӵġ
𺣸һʼףΪʲôлֻɣˣɶһңЩϵ涼һģҪȻĻҲŽˡ
ҪҪɵɵĻҪʲôֶΣ
ľôЩɸȥ飬ôôࡣ
ҲѣҪƽҵǳĵطǾͿа취һӶϵǵ·ҪЩ֤ݵĻֱӽֵķзһɣһ˽ŻЩһﻹпܻǱƵŻ
𺣸Զ򿪣Χ˶̾Ϊֹ


155 
֪ǵһģҪôŪɣˣʱǸôſھߵõһЩôߣĲֵһֱɱɱڰӡ
Ҳ֪Ǻĺڰֻ½ҿһƬ춼ƿҪĻǵʱԼҲкܴĺô
ҪЩ˵ĻʲôߣҪȥνĸ
Ļǵʱܶ˶Щ͵ˡ
ףҪ˵
𺣸ͻȻ뵽һ飬ų˵ʱֱ¹˾ȥŪ飬˶֪ʲôˣһλᣬֱԼ֪ȴ졣
ڳ˶òΪ𺣸̾ĻᶼҪõĲǴģô붼벻飬Ͼ˭뵽һε飬ֱӸôأ
԰ǵĹ˾ǰ˾ҪǸô飬ĺ𣿡Щ׵˵
׵Ȼף׵ˣǹ˾ôͶûãȻһζǵĹ˾ǡ
𺣸ǿ϶˵Ȼ˵ˣҲʲô
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ҡ
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ƽһжг𱨳ˣղֱײ˼ҳϣӲ˼ǳ⳵ѾõĲģ
Ѿźˣ㲻ҪģˣôİƽʵЩ޷⣬ƽôҲڻôһҵģɣ
ҶѾ߹Щһˣ˭֪Ǹطһ죬ǱЩһˡ
ƽĽԼ˵ĻǶЩɵۡ
ȴ֪һεֻ±ԼĻҪ֡
֪𣿡ĵôһ顣
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áƽҲ֪ԼڵǲԾҲϢˡ
ΪǸô찡
֪Լʲôֱʸ𺣸֪ˣʽʲô͸ԪǸôһĵ
кü취һȥ֪Щ·ʱǶ෽ȱЩ˲࣬ûʲôԣҪǸĻҲԣǻôһ仰˼ƾʲôǺǵĵλҲǳȻҲû˻Щ蹷Ƕ㰲ȫ
𺣸Ҫ˳֣ǾҪ棬ȴʲô涼ûС
֪أʵΪʲôԣϾڴҶõʱû˻ɵɵȥƻġ
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֮ǰ򽣰߳ȴ̲סҪ֪ҪǸ𺣸İ̫Сˣֻ֮ǰǶѾ˸ɵˡ


156 ͷ
ֻǲ֪ҪǴȥǾ˳⣬ֻһ仰Щʱûбܻ˭ϣĴҶҪС
ȥͻȻ˵鲻һطǾܣǸ𺣸ֱط˵ǶڳΣҪЩ˶ûʲô飬ֻܹߵˡ
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˵Ҳ֪Щ˶һˣ֮ǰҰģҪط˵ʲô֮飬˼ҲȤ˵飬˼һӾ׹
ϴͷİɣǮﻹ᷸ԼԼ鷳õˣҲԼһʲô飬ǵʱҪһطضûõˡ
鵹ûдǶ԰ġ
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һСܶæԼˣǶ֪ԺԼǸ˭ģҪǻԼ˼ԺƶһлˣԲææ
ȴǵ˵ͷ˵Ժ˭춼ãҶʲôźúøɣȥϢɣ
á
ڳ˶ΪʲôҪͼϴ
ҲúϢʲô飬ֱӰžˡ
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Ÿ𺣸ʵĲŻ˹ԹԵĳ
һģΪһһҰĵˣҪûа취ĻôҼ棬ʹǺҵʬ壬Ƕ档
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𺣸ǿ϶˵֪Ǹһжôĺ


157 ɱ
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ʵϣĺܲͬ˵ǶصĺܣôҲһôôûйİһε飬ǲ룬ҪǵĵλҪҪҸıһ֪ģһֱǺˣҪԸҵҿ϶һЩġ
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158 ʧЧĲǵ
𺣸ȵˣѵȴЩµ˵Ҫ˵ôϻ֪ǲģóҪĶҲ֪ҪĶûа취ңԸңҶҪ
ѵҲǸӵĺܣΪ𺣸һ̫ˣڸͲҺ˼룬ôڸ𺣸ǰסСΨһͷ

𺣸ȴ̲סЦ㻹һҲ룬Ҫʲô¶ûУпֱܻӱɱ飬㶼ҪʲôأԺҪλ𣿡
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֪Ϊʲô𺣸һģҪһȫȥһӰۺˡ
ոΪ𺣸ûкֶģǿ˼ңһжǾ֮С
ܾ־ⶼһƿضпܡ
뵽ĶЩԼԼԦ
ԣ
ԼʼնûмԦ𺣸
ò˼Լİ
뵽鶼Щأ֪Լô롣
ѵȴ𺣸ңڵҪʲôҸ㣬ҪһҶ㣬ҡ
ѵ޷Լ֮еǸһŮԼΪʱԼҲԼǿ׳ΪԼס˷ꡣ
һ˭֪ĹǾһһŮԼ廤ס
˵ǳ顣
Ů˵ֺγҪ飿
ʱŮ˱ʧӰ٣·޷顣
𺣸ų֣һԨ
𺣸Щ죬ǸŮҲʱǸŮ˵ʱ׼ӡ
ðΣˮ⽫Ů˸ġ
û뵽ǣŮ˾ȻһµУҲһˮҪȻһʬ
𺣸̾Ϣһ˵ֻܹ˵ǺһŮϧҪȻҶΪģһű꣬ˮⴹʱߵˮԱߣֱӳˮȥ
˵ڳ˶ףʲôˣȴ̲סʵǸСĺӰɣ
񲹵ѵȴ˫۳ĿŸ𺣸˵ܣǺӲġ
ٺ٣ȻҵģҿûֻҪ֪Ǻҵģô˵
𺣸֪ѵǸ˸ȫұȵ
Ȼˣ𺣸ҲûʲôϾˣȻˡ
ĬȻһͿԲ²ʲô¡
ѵ˾һܣôܻΪǸʣ֣ôŽЩһնɱ
Ҳţᱳҵģôᱳҵġ
ѵһѽԼͷײǷָ̣Ǵųܴ˿ѾͷѪȴǲ⡣

𺣸ȴ̲ס̾Ϣһ˵ǺοأʱԸ˼ȥģҪֻܹԼûб¡룬Ů˶Ϊ赽ˣŶ˼Ҳ˵飬ǸŮ˺ûйϵôܻñأˣϴǻؼңҵĵʧЧˣһб˺ӵŮˣôûõˡ
һ㶣𺣸ľ˼Ϊ˵
һӣͷӦϵ˵ѵӮˣԼĸԼϴ֮λǰȥǸŮˣܿͻΪ˵ȥȥһв鶼ʧӰ١
һ仰ǶѵȴûʲôӦΪڵĺʹʹжŮˣȴԶֻǸɵŮˡ
͸𺣸ȴֱ³
û𣿡
Ÿ𺣸ʵЩûеס
⣿ôܻûⰡ˼ҶǸŮˣһʲô취𺣸Ļó˷˵ңһﵽʲôˣҶоܺ£类ˡ
ʲôˣϴʲôϵҵϴ˭ûа취ı䣬ҲûҪʲôҸʲô


159 
𺣸׳ڵʲôһ㣬ǳȴͻȻЦûдһǲ뺦ңҪһҪҵʱ򣬸һҰǮҲá
𺣸󶼻Ϊᷢŭ˭֪ȻĻæЦã鵽ʱһ㣬֪ЩֵΪʲôˣֵܣ˭ذʱԼĺ󱳽㡣
һͲܹҵ˿ֲǲ֪ǵһıʹ
ε˵ҪǻһԷ
Ҳֻи𺣸ˣŻ򶨶ѡ
ˣ˭֪㱯˰㿴ǸǸһҪǽˣֻɱзݣҪɣϴǲ֪ǸŮжôá
𺣸һĽ˵ֻԼȴһӶܻŮˡ
ô˰Ҫ֪𺣸ΪǺõŮˣǻʲôĺá
Ů˵ҲҺ֪֮ġѵ˿÷ֻŪ˰ɣѵ׺ͲˣĸҲļˣʣһǴӳ԰ټҷҲ֪˺ƫִ֮УΪ˳ɹǲֶεˡ
𺣸̲ס̾Ϣһ˵ȴǵ˵ͷȻҲˣҪ֪һʲôԳɹ·ӣƴҪġ
ѵʲôᣬľȥЩˣҲЩʱˣһȥǸһϴ̣ʱΪǸϴֱӱĸˡǸ÷˼ӲǸ
𺣸˵ʱǲмôһŮ˲ϧȥƴһӲŻ뵽顣
˳˳ˮʱڼȥһЩֹšʱһٵȰѵͷǰһŬңʱֹҲһ˿⡣
ø𺣸ôͣʱ򣬳Ѿ֪һʲôŮˡ
أ
ǵһµ˼һֱΪԼʯĳʱȴǶôԸŮĥѡ
氡ѵԣΪԼţƺ壬˭棬Ȼ򽣰һСͷĿ鷳ͱϵʱõϢڣһ˴һѿӲ˻ƴɱѵǰûʲôôѵ˸ץסԷֻһҪҲ˵Ҳסʱֱ֮ȥɱˡ
Ȼһ磬һֻҪ˿ЩѪôȥпܻᷢңѵȴΪԼִٵһС
Ǻӵأ
ЩʵҪ֪Ǹǵ˭ģţͻȻŸ𺣸ʵǸӲİɣ
ϴ̫ˣŮˣҪԸңôҪϧŮ鰡͸ҵˡ
𺣸ʹģóڸоǰ˻һˣҪȻĻǺ͹һļһʲô£ʲôᵣģ˭ҽӴôడ
ĺ˭İ̲ס׷ʵ
ϴбҪ֪ô𣿷һҵǸ˾͹ҵˣҲôĹΣʲôأ
𺣸⻰óЩѾͷһˣ
顭
ͻȻǺĳ޴
Ǹһջܲ˰ϴ򽣰ǸطһˣʱǾʤŶ
𺣸ͻȻ˵֪ԼҪǲ˵ĻԳЩôء
ף㲻Ҫ˵˶ӣ˭֪һ᲻˵©죬ǡ
Ÿ𺣸˵⻰𺣸鶼Щӣ֪ˡ
ϴͲ֪Ǹ˭𣿡
𺣸Щ̲סʵһĺĶȥһط˰
롣
Ϻǿ϶˵ֻȴЩ֪ģȴǲԸ𺣸鷳ΪͲ֪𺣸Ĳж㡣
һĲһϴ󰡣𺣸Щε˵̾Ϣһ˵˻Ĳܹ㣬ΪǹϵǺƻˣһ˸֪ˣǾͻᵼȫ̽䡣
𺣸󰡣һҪ㣬Իشһ𣿡
Ҫ˵һĶûУǶٵġ
Ļ𺣸붼û˵ֻҪˣҶ˵㡣
ȴҡҡͷҪ˵ûôģֻҪ֪ʲôʱʼֵİôоʲôطڣǲѧ˵ǲǹҵ߰
ԶѾˣϾֻ˲ıһ֡
ϴǹϴ𣿡
𺣸ͻȻһ䣬Щɻ˵ǣôˣ
㶼ǹϴô߰Ϊô׵İ˴СͱȽϴԺܶ鶼˺ܶ࣬ʱҲܵöҪ飬ûа취ֻܹԼ죬ǮȽϿһ㣬Ȼˣһ·üζ档
ǳһ֪𺣸飬û뵽𺣸Ҳһˡ
ͻȻ뵽һûмûѧʲôأ
ͻȻ뵽飬Ҫûа취Ļûʲô˵ǵбµʱ϶Ҫıľ档
ԼһĿ֪꣬Լ粻һֱֻдɱɱġ
𺣸֪ʲô֮С
ʱȴǷ֣ôɱɱǶҪ򽣰֮£򽣰˳͸һȣÿһζǸ˿
𺣸䵽һʱ䣬̲סмᣬǸʱֻԼ˲Ż֪ʲôġ
㲻֪ҵʱΪǲЬӣ֮ľ͸Ҫ˵ˣ಻ʤҲһδε뵽ŪЩһǸʱƴ໢ԼԴһЩѣҲˡ
û뵽飬ȻԽ𺣸Ķ־Ҳ򽣰˵ʱû뵽ɣ
ȽҶˣǵ̵֪𣿡
ͻȻ뵽ҪһԼЩֵܵ飬˭֪𺣸ȴҡҡͷ˵黹Լ˵ɣǿˣҪ΢Щ·Ƕһ·һеʱڹظ£ʱһǮûõЩ˵ֻ˿ҵǮʱȥʲôģ˵ͯûǮǱҸҡ
𺣸̵֪飬óԼһ˵һĶȥˣΪЩ֮ΪǱϲ׶ǿ˭֪ȴһı硣
Ժʲô𣿡
ͻȻʵҲǵһʸ𺣸롣
ҰԺҲûʲôҪǾҪԴ󵨵ĻؼҿһεܵãԴҳ֮һֱûлعңΪһȥ͸Ǵ֣֮飬Ѿ̫ˡ
𺣸鵹֪ĺȴ̲ס˵أ
ģĵĹ£Ҳʲôڳв֣ǶѾҵıˡ
𺣸Լûô߹˵ǽԼһܵĵ͵λá
ȴ̲ס˵һЩرҵһ룬Ǿڱ֮󣬽ĸܵ׳һ¶ȴϣҲһΪ¶ҪЩ˻ĸӺһ㣬ǵЭ϶԰쵽ġ
䡭


160 
ͻȻһֱӳŸ𺣸æһԣǳȴһ״ͣˡ
˵Ҫǰɣǳȫ㡣
ŭҪѵ󱨳˵ģǸ𺣸ȴæų˵ҪȥˣһͣǾ˵Ѿͷˡ
𺣸ǲϣ
ѵĿŸ𺣸˵˿ѵһѪǾʲô⣬Ҫ֪ľԼŮȥ
Ǻǣϣ֪ģ˵ģô꣬Ҫһͷһжͬ
𺣸Ц˵ѵȴǴȵ˵ҪǸҴ⣬Ҹ
ѵ仰ɱ𺣸ȴЦ˵ҷϣҪֵģ㺰ĻһֻһԿŮ˱ˣҿ㡣
㡭
ѵԶԣһʹ࣬ҪԼԻصȥսҲùԼŮܵ衣
ֻһжѾ޷
ӦҪǸָɱɣ
𺣸ͻȻðôһ仰ѵȴ˫۳˵Ҫ˵ˣֻҪ֪һطҪ֪Ķһ㣬Ҫ֪ĶҲҪҡ
ޡ
𺣸ȴǺǲм˵ҸɶӵСȡЩΪ㰡ˣ㻹Լϴϴ˯ɣǿ˾ļһûһ㱾£ֻߴ¡
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𺣸˵߾ߣֱųˡ
֪𺣸󵽵ʲôϵ˵ô·ҾͲŻûб·ˡ
ǣЩ˷ǾԼԼɣ𺣸Ǵ˵ѵĶУҪߣΪǸŮˣˡ
ǸһҲֻΪβҪȻĻǰٷְһĹεĸĺǼˡ
ǿ϶˵𺣸ȴҡҡͷ˵ĺǸһȫûԣôûмȥˣϢЦҡ˵ĵļһϣǱջҪȻҲЩ鷳
˿ʼһһͣǵڣȴЩѵ
˶֪ҪѵʵҪ˭ĻӦÿҵĵô꣬һֱûȥˣǾͿס
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鵹ûָ𺣸ʲô֪𺣸һжԼĿǣ˲һҪų֣ϾҲԼĸ顣
𺣸ڳûдȻǺܷ໢棬ʲôģ
ԼϴԼ໢ΣҪԼСܿ
ҲԼĹ
䡣
ͻȻһٶȳײһǳȴûһͣƺҪֱײˡ
ڵġ
ҲŭˣŸ𺣸ֱԾֵСҲˣӵϱûܹĴȴһˡ
˰ɣ˭Ը˵Ļ氡ҵҪڵĻˣһֱӴаɣ
𺣸Ҳϻˣ²СΪǷ㲻
á
Ȼ𺣸˵ǳȻ˸Уֻû뵽ǣѵȴǼææӳ˰ǣȥɣÿһαۣҶ뵽뿪ģĴˡ
ޣϴƷˡ
𺣸ŭ˵ϾѵҲУֻһֱûǸŮ˵飬ŭ
á
̲סЦ֪Ǹ𺣸Դˡ
ѵе㱾£ڳǰȫͲԳһһѽ˸סѵڵϣ𺣸ǳûһƺݺݵ˦ѵϡ
˵㵹˵㲻ǺڵģΪԼŮ˶Ҫˣ˻ʲôã뵽ŴЩɫһΪνĺͼҵԼŮ˶ҪŮ˻ڣ类ȥ˰ɣ
𺣸ЩĻѵѪֱӳ嵽ͷϡ
ң㲻ܹңſңҺ㲻ݡ
ѵǣԼжûгܹˣ𺣸ȴǳ˵㵹Ǵһӵ˺һȭͷˣʲôñȽϵİǱŰŮǣԺҵʱÿһ춼ҾͲûа취лĶǽҰֵġ
ͻȻŸо𺣸˲Ϊݶˡ
ԼֻǴԷ˼Ҹ𺣸ȴһҪӾϽԷ
Ҫ飬ǰûа취סĻǺҲ뵽ˡ
˵

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ģһȥ飬ʱھҵˣ֪Գеģһлڵͺǲ࣬Ϊõ껪ôѹԺҾˣĵ˵ĺӣҲúý̵Ժ㱨ģ
𺣸ЩɥĲ뷨ȴ̲סԼԴһĺݶĲǸǵģĻѵǷͷأ
㲻ú𺣸㲻ҪΪҲ֪뷨㲻Ҫ򽣰Ūĳ𣿵Ū򽣰ôκԸ㶨Ҫˣǵʱ໢Ҳûʲôý֣ͳǿߵˣأ˾Ϊᡣ
ѵ֪Լпܻزȥˣ޼ɵ
𺣸ȴǴЦ㻹ôΪһô׾ͱǸҵϳЩ֮ǰѾųˣҪǵǷֵĻǿ϶ȥ¥ա
㡭
ѵҲ뵽飬һ̣֪˶ꡣ
ʲôҰֲǲ֪˲ǺˣҪûҵĻѾȥˣУҲ룬㸶ʲôȡʲôûиòð
𺣸Ļѵȴ̼ܵĴ󺰵ܣôʲôûи
Ǻǣ㵹Ǹˣң㸶ʲô˰Сʲôûи˼ֻϲ㣬ԲԸԿ࣬ȻǮʳǣΪ㣬ÿһ춼ʡһЩԵĸ㣬ȴǲ֪ж˵㲻ʲô
𺣸ѵȴЩ㱣֪𺣸˵ʵҲΪˡ
ˣڰɣҪȥ̵ҶˡϴſɣǽʧˣǸûеõҪĶ
𺣸ų˵Ǹ⣬뷨ԼǵĽ׵ģ
ֵܣʲôǸǸģһһŴƴģҲֻһȡɹˣαغ˵أҪǵֵܣĻﲻҪ˵ˡ
һѵһԣǲ˵
𺣸Ҳų˵ãֵܣЩĻҲ˵ˣϴҲֵ֪ܣԼأЩĻҲ
áǿ϶˵Ҳ֪Լ˵˺Ǽĸо
ڵģͻȻ뵽Ϊʲô·ȥ
𺣸ͻȻӦһԴ˵ǻȥǮ˽Լ·ȥ
ǣ˽ҪҪŪ
𺣸ͻȻ뵽ѵˣŪҲûʲôɣ
ҪһǾǴҵˡ
֪ڶǴƽ֮УҪѵˣǶд鷳


161 
ۻصʱѵͻȻŸ𺣸Ϳͷ˵𺣸㣬һΰɣ㡣
Ǻǡ𺣸ЦΣ˺Ѿģָʲô
ֻҪѣֻҿһ档ֻҪѣԶԶĶá
ѵЩᣬҲ˿ΪʵһĻǸ𺣸ȴЦ˵һ棿ɱǸ֣󻼣ɱȥһг趼Ĩȥ𣿡
Ҳġ
ѵƴͷ˵ĶͷѾѪһ鲣棬ȴʲôûиоһԹԵĿͷ
ȴ̲ס̾Ϣһ˵֪պαصأ
ĲġֻҪôѾģҶûҵĺۼЩɽҶѾȥˣǶû˼Ҳûа취
ѵĻ˺ᣬǸ𺣸ȴЦ˵ҵǰ˵Ļɣʲô˼ҪĻҾˣ鶼ҪڣûȥˣʲôİڻԼĲİ
óû뵽ղĻﾹȻٵġ
ԽĸоҪǶʲôͬĵĻǶԼ衣
ȥˣҪ㲻ŵĻҪʲô֤ҶС
ѵ󺰵𺣸ȴǶûʲôȤ
ɣ㱳嶼ǵһεˣ飬һʲô˵İɴҪҪҸɶӵĵַ㰡ֱ˸ɵôʱģҲԳ밡
𺣸аЦĻѵ˸һֺ˵Ĺâı𺣸˵˵
˵α𺣸̲סЦ漴ڸʻڼʻ⳵ȻãǻԼȥġ
ǡ
ѵڳǰƺҪˣȴЦݰˡ
⳵ԺˣԸٲǰʲôˣ˭֪ѵȻϳ
Ϊǲɱ㰡˾£Ѿҵˣʱ쵶ն飬ֱӸɵǡ
ǿ϶˵ɱ˲ʲôų⣬ģҪ鶼ûа취ƣҲ޹˾
ǲҪ֪򽣰ҿԸǣһһϵδ飬ҲԸǣҪǲ֪ĻЩ鷢֮ǾҪӦûлᡣ
ѵҲԼĳģֻһֱ𺣸ǣߡ
ûʲôӦǸ𺣸ȴǿ˵ʲô飿
ȽȥҴ㡣ѵڳǰк鲣Ǻʹֻ࣬ΪǸŮˣʲôԳ˵
ߣ飬һǲ֪ǵɵǰɣ
𺣸ǲõ˵ȴЩȤ˵ˣΪʱܶడҵǸŮˣҲȥ˼ң˼ƽô˼ͱٵ˵ĺӣʱɱĺӣٵ
ĺӾҵĺӣҪĺҪɱңҲӦá
ѵʱ˵ȴǱȳĺ𺣸ȴ˵ȷ㲻𣿡
ԵģҪҶӾ
ѵǿ϶˵𺣸ȴóһֻ˵б¾ͽղŵĻظ˵һΣҲȥȥǸӣҵҪ֪ǷͬŵҸ㣬ҪǸһŪ㣬ǸҵĶӣ˭ܹ۸
á
ѵʱΪ˼ʲô˵ġ
𺣸ֻʼ¼ơ
ѵģҪǿҿڣҾʲôҪҶǺʲôһӶӾ
ѵһ϶˵ǽͣѵһӾˣղΣˡ
ǺǡѵһģЦֹŸ𺣸˵Сĵ㣬Ҫɶӱɵˡ
ҿ϶ˡ
𺣸ǿ϶˵ѵȴæ˵ô˺顣
ϣˡ
𺣸Դǲʲôϣģų˵ϴ󿪳ɣ
á
Ҳֱӽ棬𺣸ȴǱһַ˵׶԰

ǲ֪ǵַһط⳵еԺܿͳǱȥˡ
СʱңǱߣʱٽѧʱ
һ׶԰ĺӶҳͻؼңҲЩǱʦ͵ϡ
ְ֡
ոͣ𺣸ͳſվŵһСȥǸС۵ǿɰ
ʱ̹עѵ飬ϾһΣ
񡭡
ѵû뵽ӾȻô񣬵һ뵽⺢Ǹ˵֣ȴʹ
ӣʦֽʲô˰𺣸˿ĺһףźںѵһ
ˣѾ㵽ʮȥˡ
ӵ棬ѵʱȴͲг˿ѵһѪֲģ
Ҳ֪ԼһЩע⣬Ͼ粣ûˣ滹һôֲļһڣҪûע⣬ǲǹ顣
λ壬ô˰Ӻ˵
ʲô֣һطס
ѵȴǵһĻ𺣸ȴЩŭ˵ôʲôҪǸҴҶӵ⣬Ӿ
оЩ죬ô𺣸һﰡ
ѵ𺣸Ů˱ѵ᲻ɣ
ߣֻǹһ¶ѣżʲô
ѵѾЩɱ⣬ȴƴƣûп˵ʱôܹ֡
Ҹ㣬⺢㿴ͺã붼ҪˡУҾͰңҪҵΡ
𺣸飬ǲʲô©ʹУҲⰲġ
Ļѵ˫ͻȻһǴôһ⣬ʱһЩ׶԰ʦ֪˭֪𺣸Ȼ뵽
ߣңҪȻɱ֡
𺣸˫ֱźӣ˭֪ѵȴͻȻ쭣һӽӸȥ
ء
ƴ𺣸ȴЩļٵ˵˵Ǹʲôºӡ
ǽͣ·ߣ֪飬ȴû뵽ô֡
ҵޣң˿ѵ״񣬺͸ղǸͷϴԯޡ
ȴ֪Ѿ룬Լôֻ֣ѵڳĺ棬Լڳǰ棬ûа취֣м仹һЩӾȻźӣֻҪһ⺢ֻҪ
֣ô˰
ѵȴͻȻֺûп𺣸ȴĿѵ˵ҪǸ˺㲻ݣʹκһңҶὫҳҡ
˵ڻ˵ǰܹˡ
ʱ򣬺ȴ˵µᶼڴתȴûп


162 ۸
ոպһʼĿҲΪһӱŵܵķӦ
ڻ˵ǰܹ
ѵȴ֮УǵǸεʱ̣Ҳ˵ģֻΪʲô˵أ
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ǸʲôʱһŮ˵ĶͷЩ麹ǴӶ·ܹ
ڣӵĸףոӺӵʱ򣬽ȴʦ֪ӱ˸ߣʱһ
Ҫʦ˵Ǻӽ˰ְ֣ΪǱ˸ߣ֪Ǹ𺣸ˣҲûôš
·ȥҪǷײˣǴӦӣҪȥԿϵ»
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ղڿʱҲѵһҪ⺢ӵĸףȻѵ֪˭ĺӡ
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𺣸ѾҸ໢ʣµǻᴦãúø˼Щ֮ףҪǲϧĻӴȡ


163 𺣸ȥ
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𺣸ҲһϵˣѾΪ̺·ҪǾˡ
ЩŮ֮ͻı䣬˲໢ֻҪе绰ЩԳıߣһߵš
ϴ齻㣬ҺϼҰ꣬ЩѾŪãǰͿԡҵĶ飬𺣸мΨлᱨ𡣡
𺣸ԳͷлҪ֪ÿһϴгĺá
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Ļڸоǹ죬ûмˣȴûмˣǻɳġ
ʱˣôĶûá
ڣ㲻ܹߡǱƵģģ˵ʲôģԺҪģҪҽһЩܣǽǸɽ׵ĳ롣
ʱѵҲӦ˼Ҹ𺣸һʼͲΪǸνܡ
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164 𺣸µĶ
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𺣸ѾԤϵԼ뿪ľ棬ԲŻ׼
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ˣҲŴ㣬ܶûпĶҶȸ㿴ɣҲû˼￴𺣸ԼĶֱѡ񲥷Ÿ𺣸ĶҪ֪Ƶʲô


165 𺣸ǻ
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飬ҲҪ䣿ΪҶôǳ
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ѵڵţ¸𺣸Ƶ֪𺣸ʲô֪ħʲôƺõġ
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ѵ˿̾Цʧķһ㣬ĸܣԸ𺣸һˣ˭Է


166 ѵ
˵ģҺø𺣸һֱȽϽûнԼǻ۸չֳҪȻĻ֪ҪõˣжҪٵ
˵𺣸Ѿ˶٣궼ÿԳһ
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ǺǣҲ֪໢ڵĴҪæƸŪһ㡣
ѵ˵ΪҪ


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ԡѵ֪ǱģҪûа취쵽໢Ǳض
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á
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һȥˣֲ϶ǳʲôǿûʲô飬ԿӦʲôҪ죬ʱ뿪ط


168 ʦ
ŷҲʲô򵥵ôһӿԷôĶʵôģòƽڣһ仰ûж˵ɣ
黹򵥣æµҹҸ˵뿪ʲôģҾ֪Ҫ뿪һʱ䡣ߣʱһҪǶڣȴûᵽǾͿԸоӦúйϵҪȻ㲻ܲᵽ
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Ҳ֪ô˵óֻƵԼƵ˵飬ֳ˿ҪҵʱۿҶû뵽һֻǸƵһ¼ƺõƵͿԽ˸ĥĵزΪؼκӦȻѵôû뵽
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˭ûа취ܣ𺣸ҲˣмֵԸˣǸûа취ܡ
ϴԭҵ˽Ҳܹҵ֮ʧΪҰҵҲܹ֮еľҵ֮ʧȻ˵ҲЩ죬ȴҵʵУҲҵ֮ʧһҲһΨһҪĶ
Ȼ𺣸ԳڵǿС
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˵ģֶκȴûᱻͳȥֻҵĸңһߡҪҲеĻ޷Ϊһϴϴ󡣡
𺣸дЦһж֮С
ڵĸ𺣸㻹òһ
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Ҫǻһҵϴߵʱ򣬾ֱɵϴɱͺãûа취Ҿϲĳ棬Щһ̫ҪҲ֪ңǿϧջ㡣ĺϷûݣһҪΪ·ǲܹô硣
𺣸ĻĶһֻڱڣ֪ôһԼĴڿ϶ӰǸһķӡ
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Ҫٶһ۽ٸһĻ·Ҳ첻٣ֻǿϧվʱ޷Σǿге飬յ㲶
𺣸Ļӡ֤˳˼̲ס²۵Ѿ˵ô࣬ǸƼһҪһץϹòã
ûа취һ˳Թɽ亣ζһЩ˸ʲôģôܣ֮ǰ𺣸ڵʱʲô鶼ˣҪһ˿Խ𺣸λãԼų
ϴҲҪԹҵҪһ˸㣬Ҳûкʵѡȶţ֪ҲҪҵλãһʱ䣬Եġҹڵְ֮ӦǿԻˡ
û뵽𺣸򣬾ȻѾƵ
Ҳ֪𺣸ѾȴôãȷҪְֲſԡ
뵽̲ס̾Ϣһ˵СǴطҵҪ֪滹ʲô
ϴ㲻ҪˣҲûʲôڶҵˣûдЩȴǺѵһĻɫ˭֪ɿ𣿡
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ͻȻоǰ;һƬòҲûԼôѣô𺣸󶼻аţ
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ϴ󣬲Ҫȥ²ЩӦ˭ǵȥΰеľչǱһǾҸµӦű飬ԼŰ죬ҲҲֻܹݰݡ


169 ֶ
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ҪǿԶ̳ȥģֻЩһﶼѾ׼֣ԼҲûʱĥ䣬ȥùӦĶֻҪЩһͿԡ
ĻЩ㵣ʲôûʣֱӰȥųԶȥ
໢˶ѾӦ׷ɱӣһѸٵĽ㶨èǱǸ档
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ϴΪʲôǲèǵֶΣӦÿԸ㶨һİ
ȴô׵˵ֻҪԼЩ׼õĻèôûа취ߵġ
˵èʲô˰ġǵĸԾڸݣȻô׽èץסץסֿôµЩܸȥˣЩҲҪ룬ȥöȡ
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ŵֱӱˣûĳȴûһͳķеأ˶֮ء
һֱӽٶȸϾÿһ˶ǳļǶڴԼҵ
䡭żǵľԽԶûа취ʱ򣬺ĳֻܹǿм٣Ҫųһ
顭
ÿһ˶гļ⵹ģڵʱ򣬺׷ŵһֱײȥˡ
һֱۣЩŵĿź棺ϴѾӮˡ
֪˵ٶȴ
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㲻֪ĲΪ˴ȴûа취һЩ˸ߣֻºĲֶ군Ҳ̫ģѾж棬ûгҪȻһᷢ顣
Ҳ֪Щ־壬˵˭ԼٶȣǶЩ־壬ΪٶȺ档
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Ҳ֪ǸһÿһɶӦȥľǹӦĶ
Ҳ¸Щ飬֪²˵ġ

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170 Ӧ
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Ҳ֪ҪЩ˸ߣǰˣʱֻ»ܶˡ
ǰǾҪĿĵء
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ҪĻһǽЩӦ߷ĻԻôϢᡣ
ǿ϶˵ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ĸֻС˵㰡ҪǾҪŪЩһ
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֪Ҳ֪ʲôš
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Ļóһæ˵ȥҪö
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æӦԶΪѾоֻһ޴УҪǲĻǻԶһȽϺá
ڵѾǺԣǾǸĽ
ڵģ˵һΣǸңҾǱˣҪʲôƵ
ոսȥһǸ˻ץһ··Ҫһ㡣
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׷Ǳߡ
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䡭
ֱӳЩ·ļһײȥ֪Լǳһô˸ΧţҲҪзϡ
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亹ղҪǱ˸ס֪ԼôˣǼʮˣ
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Ҳ֪ˣĳԤ趨ĵطǰȥղѾǼ˷ţб仯
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Ҫ˵Ҫ˵ʲôҶ˵ҪˣոձһŹڶûл
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Ҫ˵ôϻҾֻһ仰ˣ˭ģҪ滰Ҳ⽫ɵ֮ʬģ֪жôĲ̡
˵鲻ôãԻҲʲôᡣ
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ʵĶ˶˵㲻˵ֻһ𣿡
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ֱӶԱѾͷҿԲеļһ˵ʲôʲô֪ôİ
Ҫˣ˵Ҫó֤֤ѵһУʱֱЩ常ֹ
ΰҪѵƴˣһֱûа취飬һҲ֪˭ģ˵ѵ໢һ𣬲鷢
ƽ˵¶Ǹ֣Ҳܹˡ
磬Ҵˣûʲô飡͸һ·ҪʲôҰ㡣û뵽һӾôһͶ

ЦˣǶû뵽˾ȻôСҪҪŪģҲڶû֡
棬һЩ⣬ʲôҪ飬ȴҲһЩؼ㡣
Ҳʱ򣬳жһϢǾ໢Ӧڸ棬ǰ׺ɣκѵ򽣰־⡭
Щ˶Ǹ֣һרΪȡиˡ
ǾȵǣЩɶûκεĶûķ
ȻЩֻǱ飬ʵϣЩ˶Ѿڵǲ˶ڲͻȻʲô
ڰ·³Ūһǲġ
˸ŪԲеΪ


171 ʩư
ڴ֮ͥ·³ı˸Ū顣
һ̿ˡ
˻ĽҰʱ򣬵ǶѾǱߵš
ϴ󵽵׷ʲô飿
ֱ̺ӵʵʲô֪
ôͻȻ˸ǵϳģ
ƽȴЩĿųʵҪ֪ǵطǶ˺ܾòҵģôһӾͱ˸֣
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ĻƽǶûп
ʱŻؼˣҪһزŻλִ֡
ͻȻ˵̵ûʲôӦƽüͷһƺʲô
¾ҪʲôͬĻҸһݿǣһ֮Ū϶λʱģô
˵Ҳ֪Ҫƽô׵飬ϾƽߣһӾͱȥǲʲô˵顣
ֵֵܣȴġ
⻰ƽ̲סʵϴа취
ڳϴƽûʲô𺣸϶ҲûʲôͻȻԽһȴЩ
̲ס̾ϢһƽҪֻҪԳνϴǿµƵǲ档
ĻƽЩףʲô
Ƶƽ̲֮סųʵϴ󣬸𺣸𣿡巢ΪԼѾ˸𺣸󣬵ǿ˼Ǳ¡
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ƽ֪𺣸ô쵽飬ĵλҪ쵽飬Ƕް취ΪЩɵϴϹӣ
𺣸ȴӲǰ쵽飬Ҫôһϣ˭޷֪ЩһﾹȻǸ𺣸ŵˣЩ϶ƺЩһİ취
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ҲҰĲȻԼеƣǿ϶Ҫ֣ЩʱЧԵġ
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˶ֻ֪йͰ׺ɣȴûж֪־ǿĴڣЩ˶ô֪־ǿ
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Ҫ֪һĵ˴ģǾͿ֪Ϊʲôûж֪ˣҪ֪ʲô͵Ļͱ˸Ūˡ
Ҫҵ˱
طҲϲһֱţ
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ʲôİ˼ҾϲһڣҲĸپһֱط˵Ժ
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ҲżҲ֪˭𺣸Ҳ֪ʲôӲҪôء
̲ס²۵Ҳ⣬ո𺣸ôᷴģҲ˵˲Ǹ𺣸ҡ
ϴ󣬸ղ˶˵һ飬еЩ˶׷ڼ飬಻ͬɵڼ鱻ҳǵ˻᲻Ҳҳ
Ķ˵ط̫ˣҪ˵ǶҪš
ƽǲ²˵ʲôʵҲĵģϾһε飬ǺǸӡ
Ҳ֪ģܶڼ鶼ѾѣҪһһҪˣǾɣҲȱǼˡ
ҡҡͷȻϣЩСɵˣͿϡ

˶ͷʾͬ⡣
ûżǱ־ȥ飬˭֪ǸڼǷ˸ҳҪԼǶһӱ˸ϳֻǲѷɡ
顭
ͻȻԶоƿѵ
ʱֻʣDJ


172 ð
ʶĿȥ˶Щɵ۵Ŀµĵط
DJҲʱͣ˶ǼµˣǶû뵽Ȼô󵨵ط顣
ֻҪ֪ˣǶ֪طµˣûκεĺô
ҿǸˡ
㶵ָһˣЩŵ˵ҿ̫ţˣЩһҪʲô
Ҫ֪Ǹ˺͵̾Ȼа˷ƣ˺ҲмƣǸ𺣸ڣҲ֪Щһ֪𺣸ȥǸо𺣸̫Ѷȣû˰ݡ
ҪǸڼ
ƽЩɻ˵Ѿ϶һЩɹ̽־ǿġ
ǿԿ϶飬һкϷˡ
ǲǸڼ˼Ҫ̣Ѿ˸Ūˣﻹֵõľ棿

˶Ź˼Ǽ˵ıݡ
ڵģľƾȻҲˮǲǲ˰֪ϴϲľư
ƽҪ˵ˣҵطǡ
ϡ
ȫԵݣҪ顣
ߵ͵ֿ̣ƽһʵòǱɫݣ
УûôײС
һӾͷ˵ƽȴЦҪңֱӴһȺСطôΰ
Ҳ¡ҡҡͷǷŭЩһڰܻ
˶ڿǱߡ
ٳǺװƵɨΧһ˵طҲˣϰأȻǰڼپƣǰɣ֪ҳȵƱǼʶĻ𣿡
ǳ鴤˶ͣ
Ҫ֪ڶͷ¶ˣ˭֪᲻ᱻͻȻɱŪˡ
ڵǺãֱͷ¶棬СܣҪǵĹǰɣ
Ҿϰ壬򣿡
һװʵ˴߳˵
ޣȻңҴ򣬴ﶼϵá
ٳһһģǾǳѾ˸
ƽͼٵֱӳǸ˳ȥǶûеǸ˵ߣһһȭ˲䱻ʮ֮⣬ڳ˸һʲôطͷˡ

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ڵϰûʲôãڳ˶ûʲôνͬģеֻǵĳ
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뵽ǰһĻƽǼ£־ǿ䵥飬Ǹ鷳ˣûʲô·
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ȴǸоܹ죬ͻȻ뵽ѧУҲûм־ǿ漴תһ룬ѧУôˣûмҲϡ档
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ĸпǶæ˵Ƕǹˣʲôûо
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Ǻǣ飬˵ף˭뿿һص鰡ֻЩһﶼûҲпԼ˸һɵ˵ˣϴ׼߰ɣҲûʲô˼
Ѿ׼ߵˣǾʱȴͻȻλѣǸ˵С⣬ǼѾɨˣÿ̸ʮӣǷֻҪͶоƿƻдʮӺȵľƣʮ򵽼ֻҪУǶԺȣϰԺһûдϲбµ졣


173 Īװ
̨˵Ļ˫˸⣬Ȼ֪Ǹ˭Կ־ǿоһҲãô˵ҲԺĵˡ
ϴ㲻ҪͿӽ׻ᱻ˸ϳģ鷳ˡ
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Դȥİɣ
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ȻԣվǸȦ棬ƻֻһŶ
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ҲֶβطжǰУһ˸ˣǿܻһЩƣǻ˶ϲ̰С˵ģΪǰˣÿһ춼мʮȽϸĲʲô
ãϲλϰѣϣһʮӡ
λ˵Ǵ˽ȥˡ

˶ųǶ֪һεĻʤߣԿ鶼顣
Ц˵֪ȾƵĵطģ
Ļ԰
طܴ¥һ԰˶û뵽顣
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ҪطʵĻҪֱӷűףһԴ˱Լϲá


174 
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־ǿ˵ոյĶʮӣԼѾܼ尾ָоһ˿ܵˡ

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Ҫ˵ϻҪĶأֻҪɵҪбǾߣҪûУǾ͸ң޷һ鶼ûУȴ㲻ôҡ
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ƽΪסһĽĳ¶ûãǸղ˶˲ٵʣµ˸ңֻǱһǿ׳ѣΪȾƣ嶼ЩҪǳһֱǣֻѾ
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һȺ˶£˿Լǰ浹˶ˣǹĵԼж˿ԷǮǿЩ˸ãԼ߿ԶһǮ


175 ֵ
ϴĲ֣
־ڿЦĵزûЩֵܵʱЩʪʪġ
ҲйֵܣԷ֮Էѡ˱
־Ժܿ϶˵һ䣬ǶԷѣԼСȥȡһУǶûʲôνϧԷ֪˼
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Ǻǣĸ˵ֵϧЩӲѣҲʱʲôҪɱȥһԺҲлǱ𣬵Ѿ졣ϧı£һ򵱹Ī֮ơ
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׺Ҳ˵ڼ飬һֱڻȴôûа취ҵˣ鲻ǵ飬пܻһڲҳԺ֪Լô顣
ϴԶͻȻкܶྯ쿿ô죿
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Ȼпܻץ־ȴǲӵ˵֪һôһڼ֣ȻңҪҲǾǻŪɵϣɲסԼСġ
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ǳˣôҲǷ˶ŪĸˡǮŭ˵Ҫ֪Щ˶ǱѡľӢЩνľӢȻûа취黹ʲô취
һȣҰ취Щסйȴмżղ֮ԲżΪȷ˱ûҪǼȴĻֻ˱ᱻ˸õһǱ˱˸ˣֻǶҪٲ
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һ֮˲İҲΪ𺣸˵һҰĵˣҪóбøӺãҪڳطԵ㿪չһЩҵ
ҪǿԵĻƹȫЩľҵȴǸȻõǿ顣
Ȼһ˽ԭ򡭡


177 ̼ҵ
ڶϣ˫ۣսһһҵ飬ΪŮ˵ԵʣڵĲ档
˵ûǶ֪ҪһֱĻǵܵӰ졣
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178 Ŀ
ˣûа취һؼƣȥͷǱߵҽԺҲãҲš
ʵ˿ں̶ܴȽԼѸٻָ֪顣
Ͼһ˸֪֮ǻʲô˵˻ȴǿ϶ģһЩרҶ
ҪʲôﲻǺܺʵϣǼҵҽԺ࣬ʶȥһʲôĻǲǺĪǾͰ
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֪һײתĻЩĶЩ־ʲô

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µģ˲ƽģģ¶ս
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ԴĶˣѵƽʵƽЩԻʵôҵĶˣҪ˵ʲôŪ㡣
Ǻǣ»ףʱ׼ȥЩ죬Щ˶Ǳҵ˸סģҪȻӵĻǶ
ѵ⻰һ㶣ҪǾ˼ӣǶֻҪֻ飬ǲôš
ҪɣҲûбҪƭǣֻҪһٷԣû⣿
ѵĻ޷ףǿһС˵öһһ˫ӡ
á
ǸСֱȥöܿû
ҪԣǳһپͻȻʳһǹĻһЩת˻ףתƿˣȴ֪ǳİʾ


179 ѵͶ
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⻰ѵȴǵ˵ͷ˵ףҪǳԵһأпܣ
ѵҲԼ͸𺣸ĳԹʲô֪κҲûʲô³ôһ˵û˾ûˡ
Ǹֱӱ˸ɵˣǾɵģЩɵ˸ɵˣǲ
Ҫûа취ס򽣰ĻҲᱻ˸һɵܴѹ
Ҫǳһģһ䣬ͻȻǲĴЦҵҪ֪ƾʲôҪ֪һֵĸˣڿţһļһҪһģҾǴӦǴӦ𣿡
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ֻǲܵģϾŲͬĶкڲս˲䱩ֲûз
ѵҲ֪ԼҪЩˣҲ˳ߵĲ֮ͬԻһΪоԼߵĩҪˡ
֪Ǽ֮У϶и𺣸ӦҪȻܻо֪Щģһ׼ô֣оǣȻ־ƽϴףҲϴףҪһֻʵǲȽϴ
˭뵽ЩСܾȻҲ
͹ߵȴҲԼĳ룬˵ҪķˣȻҵĵˣϾҲԼĲ˰
ŶҲԼĲˣҵҪ֪ʲôˡ
ƽǿѵ˵ʮֲмѵ
ƽ֮˵ҲΪ˴֮ǰ
Ҫ֪ƽ֮ǰôߣһΪߵĿɣһΪεգ֮
ѵƾʲôֻһĶҪһĵλǲҸ
ѵȻҲ֪ƽ˼ЦЦ˵ҽκˣǸأ
κ㵹Ǻñ£ı𣿻оˣһѵ˸һûʲô𰡣
ǿߵ˵ǶѾıôκôһ仰֮ǰһжǰ׷ˣ
ԼѾ׼ĲˣֻҪʱʵĻǾͿԿʼֵˡ
֪ʲô飬ΪԼ԰쵽ǰɣҲκЩСĽΪлԺֱһˣҸ㣬Ҫǲ˽ĻǸͲ֪ĺڰ㡣
ѵκˣ֪κ˻ʲôֶΡ
ЩͲ˿֪飬ֻſԸоĵ
Ҳһ㣬ȴûа취ѵҪǸ𺣸ѵôĳޣ飬ûпˡ
Ѿ룬ԼʲôʱһὫѵɵԴø𺣸鷳
ûа취ڵ£ҪǸ𺣸ѵһĻ˭֤ѵ󲻻ᱧŸ𺣸ͬھأ
˵ļıŮ˼˸¡
Ƕҽ飬ѵ˵ҪǾͲ¡ЩǱزٵģЩȴôóԶûá
ѵһĻ֪ǲҪԼˡ
ɲУֹҪ໢Ҫ໢ռ㹻λãѾ뵽ˣʱԼ໢ｫ𺣸ܣʱŪ𺣸ٽŮ˸ǶҲԼġ
ѵͲҪǲ˵ĸֲͬһգǿ֪ٵĲζʱ㶼˼ҵĲɫ
һʼûô޵ĻǵʱŷӦ˼˵κ鱨
κ鱨Ҫ˵۲ٵġ
Ҫ֪ÿһԼ鱨ֻǴСѡ
໢鱨ȴǽޡ
𺣸Ĵæȥټ໢ôεĴҪ鱨Ƕûа취˭óǶأ绰붼ʱ̹ػ˭ҵǰ
鱨ĽҪıҵģû˭޷֧ס
ÿһЩ鱨Աʱõ鱨ĻҪͽҲҪʱҪȻ˭찡
Ϊ鵼ЩûУЩյߵʱʲôûУö֮Щ˵鶼ûˡ
ڳ׵˶֪໢жôҪƽǶÿϾ˻ǳ
ȴԼľƱ˵˵ģЩʱǻߵջҲ֪վλãǻôҸȴѾдˣҪҾ㣬ǳһĲˣǹȥҶⲻȥƽѿ·
һƺݺݵĵԼͷϡ
硭
ϴ󡭡
ϴǸʲô
˶ףҪʲô
ȴһֹ֣ǹ
ƽȴһѽԼϰ·ѿϴ𣿡
ˡ
ӯָƽѪ˵ԼɣǲһԷˣǿ˵ҳĿǳҲ˵û֮ҳҳһϸϴ󣬵˭˵ҳһϸֵܣ
һ仰ѵȴѾ֪ľɫЩ࣬ȴ޷
ϾһģԲҪȡλã˶
飬Ҳ֪֪٣ȴҪǣһǶ޷֪࣬ҵֵƽΪǼ˿סٹֵƤϵƶǽָģʹλҲˡ˵һ仰һ𣿡
ѵңҪֵܣҪô찡ǲΪν溮ֵܵģһЩ鱨һЩûжûУǿ׬ֵûУһӶҲҳڴ˷ģǽΪ汳ֵܣضɢҳԺһ䣬ҿһΪֵ
顭
˶ԣǱӸǱֱķ飬ֱɢڸЩ϶䵽ȴûһ˱ԹʲôΪǵ鶼ļ
֮ǰЩϴһΪ棬޲ýֵǶ飬ǳأ

йΪֵܵ
ûС
һֱԼΪڸǣֵܣ

𶯰˷ѵ֪ԼȫûϣˣɫЩ֪࣬Լô˵ˡ


180 𺣸ĺ
ƽȴӯĿųôǰԣΥԣֻڳ˶䡣
Ҫ֪Ƕֵܣ飬ǲ˵
һȴǿԿ϶ģǾǳΪǣǹƴ
Ϳ͡
ټѵ󣬾ܴ˿̶Էûʲô⣬Ѿ֪˴ֻܹݡ
Ϳ͡
Ҳųѵɫ߳ȥˣ֪ԼѾͳûкϣ
֪ΪʲôôɵӲҪʱ̣˭Ѿû˼˵ʲô
ƽĿѵıӰƺҪ֣ǳȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ҳԣԱӭһս
á
˶Ӧ˵
ǺƽһǷҪѵɵϾһûᡣ
ƽȴҡҡͷղҲ֪һûᣬϴûж֣ȻҲܹȥ£˭֪ǷʲôıԶǣ
Ǻǣʱû뵽ôһҲ±˸һˣ
֪ȴںһļ֮С
׼ȷ˵Ǳô˵ǳǶѾǺһˣҪһȫ˸ŪˣԺҪ˶鷳
һˣ
ͻȻЦҿǲȥ˸һ˶ãЩΧǵˣǿʮоŸ˵ģЩһֻ¶Ầµķֻû뵽һı£Щ޷š
ı£Ҳûʲô֣˼ұһгֻѵһĻǸô
һҰĲȻѾɨһȻҪʣµһɵϣɫڶ˷ܵĲˣܶѾһû˯ô˯š
£ǲǸβǶѾκ֤ݣôܹ˰ɣһȥҿпܻԳǷƣ飬Ǹôأ
Ҳ֪һǴһطõκ֤ݣôһҪǻ֣пܾͻκΪ鷳
ǲǵСˣС粻˵㣬жǧǧôͺҼҹŮͬһˣ
Ǵ棬ǴӸ˵һڳŮûһ㷴Ե˼
ϾĲࡣ
ղźһ𶼻ں棬ҪǳǸλãô
ϾһѵЩԴõĻ໢֪ٱǳȴӲЩֻΪֵ֡
һ֪Ƿʲôνֵ壬վھˣȥΪкãˣѵã˭Աȵùļһ
һĻȻ֪Է˼ʲôȴЦ˵¶һ˭ұ֤Ůûн֮ǰǻʲôأ˲źŮˣҲǿԳ䵱Ůǿˡ
⻰ǺţΪԼ϶б³䵱ˡ
һҲü˵ʲô˵ϣԳɹ
л
褵˵ʹһ쵼ΪԼҸ뿪Լ
һֻˣҪ֪һô졣
һߵһܱյķ棬ͨһ롣
ι
Ǳߵ绰ܿͨˣһȿ˵ҡ
ʲô鰡æҹûи㶨鰡Ҹոջ˯ûʲô鲻ҪңϵˣҲܻΣա
𺣸ӵ绰洫һֱǾеͣΪǵתվҲΪü˵ϵ޷졣
Ҹ˵Щ飬㿴ô졭
һ𽫸ղŵ˵ûʲô⣬ԲҪø𺣸һ⡣
𺣸ȴǴЦãҵϴҪҪѵĻǲ鷳ھͿѵ취Ҹ˺ӴװѵˣһҪĵǱߵ˲źʣҪȻģѾǵڶˣ˵ϣ򽣰˾ͻύף취ѵЩϢ֪̽
𺣸֪ʱѵ϶Ѿ֪ЩϢǽ͸øϴģΪǱߵ飬ʲôûС
ףֱҵĵȥţȷѾ֪ϢҪ֪ĻҾͳ֣ˣҪѵ
һ֪𺣸鲻ʲô©ʵ
⻰𺣸붼û˵ôԵõıأ
𺣸˵һ֪ѵôҪˣȻʱ𺣸Ǳ˵Ҳ㣬ҪȻҲİõ˶ͲĳˣûеõĻǾĳˣ
ǿ϶˵ԼѵǱߵõѵ󲻾·һ
ֻǸôأ
ͻȻһ뵽ѵǳЩ
ЩɻģֱӽѵŪ
뵽˶ˣ赶ɱ˵飬Ǹûеڶ飬æ˵ãѾˣбҪ𣿡
һЩŭ𺣸쵰ˣΪһŮˣôô鷳һȥһط
Ͳܹ㶨֮뿪ط
оǸ˾飬ʱһԺͽ԰Ǳߴк㲻Ҫʲô֮ڣһҪɸ𣬻µİԼŷ֣ҸΪƺȽϺãһҪƿסǣҪȻĻǵʱݱڵľ棬ǲǻ񡣡
𺣸Ҳ֪ʲôôԼЩ໢̤һˣ໢еǰ취׬ǮҪ㣿
֮ǰ໢̤֮һ飬ΪûгĴ֧֣Ҳûнӳ֧֣ҪȻĻҲô
á
һҲ֪໢˼ڳ͸𺣸һֱڽ໢˸ϴףҲѾɹ
һץˣǶ໢ָ֮ɵġ
ûа취ߵǾǿץˣЩһﻹЩ©֮㣬Ψ໢˲֪Щһôץ
ˣûʲôĻȹˣҲôȫʲôֱϵҾǣһỻ뿨ֱӴҸһ롣
𺣸Լİȫʮӡ
һЩε˵á
Ͳ׸𺣸һôģ鶼뵽ֱܴʩǶѾȵĹع
ˡ
𺣸ֱӽ绰ҵ
һȴѾ룬Լô֡
һε飬ôҪһУҪȻĻԺڸ𺣸ǰ޷̧ͷ
𺣸ڳϣһѽֻӵֱĿų뿪
һӮңǲ֪ûлȥˣѾҿˣúõ§źӹӾǡ
𺣸ҲǿĿ֪ԼڵʲôҪȥЩ鷳ˡ


181 ־ǿѵ
ѵӳ뿪֮һӻҪŪȴ֪Լû¡
˵ûңҵҪ֪ộļһֻҪһλöѣҲûҪϴλãҡ
ѵЩŭ޷׳ʲôüĺôȥǲӽˮ
ѵһֱվԼĽǶ飬ȴûҪǳ˭أ
ʱֵ嶼ѪģҪΪν潫˸ˣǻ˭Ը㣿
֮˭᣿
ϴ󡣡
ѵһЩĸ಻֪ѵʲôҲ֪˭ĵ̡
ԼԼĶ̲ס棬Щĸ౻ӵ֡
Ƕ֪ԼϴطʲôһЩ֪Լϴ˽Ļϴ϶Ĺѿ
ѵǷƣûпԼСһֱۣ
ǡ
ÿһ˶֪ѵ϶ĵ飬ǶʣЩ֪̫ǻ˵ġ
ϴȥ
ߵһʱǸ˾ӲͷƤ˵ΪڵԼϳǲܵ飬ҪǲȥĻǸȥģ
ȥʩưɡ
ķҵѵͻȻȥԼ֮ǰȥĵط
ѵĻǶһ㶡
ϴǸطǺ־ǿĵط
һС׳ŵ˵Ҳ˵ô˹ȥ׾ͻᱻ˸Ҫ飬ҪǺͺ־ǿŸɣǿΪ
֪ҪȥǱߣ²𣿡
ѵĿ˵˼Ѿ˭Ҷ˵һ仰ǾԼ
û⡣
˭ѵǰ˵ʲôⰡ
ߡ
ѵ˵ھķҪȾƣڱĵطûаȫУں־ǿߣһʮֺõģҲЩҪҺ־ǿ
¶ܶʱѵĸ˵ʲôĻ²ѵ˼С
滨ֵʩưɣķƺûӰ쵽ʩưɵ֡
ư˳˺ֻһ֮У˸оƺ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ѵһư棬˶ʶĿûа취жʮһġ
λϴ󣬲֪Ҫʲôأ
ƱҲɫˣһЩô׺֮ˣôˣʶȤĽЩϴ
ϰɣˣ档
ѵǲ˵⻰þƱǲˬҲǸ־ǿֵܡ
ֻΪһֱϲ;ƴ򽻵ﵱƱĵʵΰǮ
˵˵ʲôȻҿϴ󣿡
ǲ뿪ˣҪô
ϴµǸ
ѵЩС⻰һӾˣ˲䱬ȫȻطǶôĿֲ
һƬľư˲žû뵽ո飬쾹ȻȥҪطҪ£
ڵģҪʲôȻϴ鷳Ҫ
ʱǸƱͻȻ
ΧҲӿֳһˣЩ˶ŵļһ
ЩǸź־ǿˣЩġ
־ǿΪҲѡ
˵־ǿûе£ǵҲѩ̿
־ǿ֮ԿȫˣҲΪ£һЩ֮ͽм־ǿİֻҪһ£ЩȻǡ
һ֧ƼǧʢڳгֱضǺ־ǿŪġ
֪λϴʲôҪ˵ģ
ƱһѽԼ·ѿ߲ǰ
ҿȻǺ־ǿµç
ģһͷĿģܳƣǿӵ
ϴ󣬸ô
ѵȴЩңǶû뵽⿴־ǿµˣǿˣǵ亹
ոֻǹװƣطʲôطҪû⣬ֻǾҪųȥѡ
־ǿãкģ
ѵҲЩ֪־ǿս϶Լˣֻ»˼һȭһš

־ǿЦȳӰ˵ǰѵʲôʱҵѣҵѣҲһԲϵҪŪֵܣ˼ҳֵܣǸεգҪֵԼ̱ǸˣԺҳŲī֣ҲҪȥݣҪȻûˣ
־ǿ⻰˵ѵ֪ԷǶԼ¸ոͱЩ
ʲôģѵҲмȥ˵ֻܹ˵ҵĴǸ
ѵĵǸ֪ԼҪʲô˵ĻҲûʲô˵
˼Һ־ǿɲʲôƲ磬˼ֻȴǴ
ĻǵǺ˵ɣṆ̀˲ƣյûʲôöд㡣
뵽Ǿ̺ĳ־ǿʹ֪ǶҪĻԼֱӸͺãʡ˷ôĶ
ҲãҵһֱҪĵطȴһֱûлᣬһˣȻҪúù͡
ѵЦŸ߽ȥˣȴûбС
ϴȥͿԣЩֵܣһкǡ
çѾΧסѵС˵
á
ѵҲ֪ղçӣЩҪǲȵĵ£ֻçӶС
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ѵź־ǿʵϳǺ־ǿµˡ
˵˵ͷǶѵĻӦ
ҵЩĽ㣬˵Ҫ͹ֵǶԸһߣҪҪĻֻ¹ͷҪѡ
ѵź־ǿϵ¥԰ź־ǿЦģĽ
־ǿȴǲ⻰ʵ²Ҳİɣ
־ǿɲΪԼѵʲô飬ԷΪŹġ
ȻѵҲ֪δô
δ־ǿôû뵽ѵʵ££ô
ΪӿһֱѵĶź־ǿ˫ۣ·Ҫʲô
磿־ǿžƣ˵·ѵ˵˿⡣
ҪûпĻǳгᱻһͳʱ㻹ӣҲ֪ڵʲôģҪǱ򽣰ǱΪ˷Ź㣿
ѵİʾԺǿ˼ֻһҪطһͳ֮Ǻ־ǿûкӹ
Ŷ
־ǿǵ飬ѵʵôأ
ǲһ˷֮չ۷磿
ѵͻȻ֣Լ˽־ǿҪȻҲ˵Ļ
ЩҶ֪ô£ڵչʲô۷ǲԼֲǲ֪ڵĳѾǵĳˡ˭ҳͷǾ˭˶Ѿˣ˶ѾȥˣҪҺǵĹϵãֻҲǱ
־ǿ˵˭ѵ޷֪֪־ǿ֮ûбɵǶΪһǿʵֲʲôЩҲҺ־ǿ鷳ΪƿԽ飿
ǿΨһϣĶٵġ


182 
ȵƣǵһκȾƣ
־ǿͻȻ˵ѾƣѵûƷһƣ˿˵
־ǿĻѵҲûԥԼһơ
ѵȴûкȣž˼ô˵־ǿ
˺һѵ˵һӶĽˣ˶˵׺ݺɫ̰˭ҵĻǹĶǡ˵ҵҪ˯Ҳ˶ʱ䡣һϳɹǾľްԣ˭ʵͺһѾ֣򽣰ı˳ţأ
ѵһ˵ûз˵־ǿ
һ־ǿ˵ͻһѣ鶼᲻ͬΪҶһ֣޹ϵĺ־ǿݷá
ҪһˣǵĻᱻѵ˵ˣǺ־ǿȴ˵ЩǲȥκϣҲ֪Ը˼ҪҪҾ͸ҺƴҲǳûи׵ˡ
иף
ѵһҶͬһˣ˭жٽ᲻֪
Ǻǡ
־ǿȴЦֻһĺȾơ
ѵҲ֪ԼʵЩͻˣҲ˼ЩƣͻȻź־ǿʵƺЩر𣿡
ȻЩر𣬸𺣸ѾƵң缸֮ǰҾѾʼΪ׼Ķ
־ǿ˵ѵ˫һɣҪ˵ʲôȴͻȻˤڵϡ
û뵽𺣸㻹ʲô㵽ǲ֪ǷƵأЩ档
־ǿǺ˵ڸ𺣸Ѿһٵĸ߹ǿڵȴǷԼһٵĵ͹˸𺣸
лæ
ʱ򣬺һ߽
ⲻǰæֻڱ˵һп飬а취쵽𣿡
־ǿŻʹȥѵ˵֮ĳѾǰ¡
Ȼа취ᱻɸУյõ޾ĥҪǶΣҪɱΡ
һ֪־ǿ˼Щ֮ڵ飬Ȼˣᱻ˸ץѱ
á
־ǿתȥҲûжʲô
һóһ̵ȼߵѵǰһƽ˸ѡ
ֻǣʱѵѹ֮ȴûбףûֻĬĬĿźһ𣬺Щմһ㡣
ۡ
һֱһȥ
ڶһ磬˯оͱֻˡ
ι
ЩԺʵ
Ǻһɽߣ㡣
һƣԺĳȴһѹ֪һﲻԵ޹ԼֻʲôҪϢҪԼ
뵽ľˣʱʲôᱬȻǹЩɵˡ
Ŀĵصʱ򣬺һǳϿźߵķ羰
ôʲô𣿡ֱʵ
Ȼˣκͻڲ֣κЩ̨ʼʱҳֵʱ򡣡
һ߳һǱȽصϢҹʱ˶绰ѣЩ˶˵ѵͺ־ǿҹ̸֮ѵͻȻѡͶףΨһҪͳ档
Ҫ֪˶κǣһѵǸҶֻһҲΪ飬Щ˶Ѿıֱӽ쵰ŪҪ˸ȳ
˭֪׷ʲô飬Ƕ֪ʱѾ࣬Ҫǲѵ󿪿֮ǰƽǴҾһˡ
ΪʲôҪң֪¿϶Ǻ͸𺣸󲼾йϵֻ֪ΪʲôһҪϡ
𺣸ģ˵ҪΪƣҲΪһ˻ˮ֮ʲô顣
һҲɻ֪𺣸ǲӽˮˣǣþֽҶãڳκϽЩײ࣬ưһ
Ҹʲô
Ҳֻܹ籾ߣ֪𺣸϶ʲô⣬ҪȻҲ֡
ȥ֣ʱ棬俿ͣǶмأҲʲôͻᶯʲô˵ʱȥطЩܵ˱ʲôý壬һѣԼýӪ
һ𺣸ΪͻʲôҪƵ涼Ѿ©ǻʲôͷ
ȴͻȻ˵һǱһĸҪЩãʱҵĴڣô죬ֱضû⣬Ҫһ̡
ãڲˣСһ㣬ЩһΧѾলľԱΪ˸ɵ㣬Ƕġ
һһϲ鵹ǺãҪԼ˴ˣֻ±вû˼ҶԸȻ
һǰһ󳯾ȥ
һͣúãں棬ոմ򿪳׼³ʱͻȻһΣյĸоϯͷ֪ЩѾˣ붼ûֱ㵽棬Ѹٳȥ
顭
Ĳһ˲ȫѣЩӵģ漴صĵطӭǹֵꡣ
һǱҲûʲôýһ˳ĴЩ˶ѾԵЩɥĲˡ
ҿ
һ֪һ鷳ˣֻҪ߳˭֪һͷϻ
֡
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Ūɣҳߡ
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185 
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ڳĿɿڴ֮Уս绰ҵ˵ͻ˹ˡ
ȴͻȻ뵽һ仰Ǯԡ


186 ˷
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뵽Լͳ飬նЩ࣬˶ûǸ˼ǸȴǴڣǳʱЩԹôçײ飬ûа취ֻܹͣĬĬ
ϣºͳͺãҪбҪĻȥͽµǸⶼû⡣
ȴǺܰԵ˵ҵŮ˭ûа취ߣҽ㶨֮Ҿͻȥ׷ҪԵ֣Ǿ˭仰Ը㶨ġһҲ֪ߺΣգҪǽ»ȫǱ߱༭á
ڵľôңһֱΪȽϺã򽣰ɥĲҲҶ֣ҪȻȫս˭޷顣
һǳ֪ģҪͶûа취
ԼзִͺáһֻȴǲΪϾŮ˾ҪģҪڶ϶ߡ
ܶʱŮ˲˵ʲôʹΪãǲףΪʲô㵱ʱԸġ
ʱ򣬳ҲԼĵܵ鷳Ҳ֪⼸Ƚ࣬Σգӵ϶Կÿһ¶гӰ
ղ֪ô쵽Щ£ΪоԺһмֵᡣ
Ȼ׵ܵܣǿôһС˶ˣƴڸΣ֮УǺεȵĲпᡣ
ܵܣʲô飬Ƕߡ
Ҳվڳ˵ȳոӵУ϶
ллĬĬĵͷĲ֪Լ˵ʲôԴ鱻Ǹ֪֮Ǹо˴˺ʲôһ㡣
Ϣһ£нٽ㡣Ǳ߻̸ʮּңǾ֪鲻ô㶨óȥϢ֪һӲҪҪûϢã˭֪ʲô顣
á˿ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ܿƽǱ߾ͻԼЩ·Ų֮УҪҪ׼ȷҵǳص㣬ǶҪʱ䣬ڶһ硣
ѵʱѾߵӣϼŵЩ˶Ѿ뿪ˣʣŮߣʵ˰ɣ
ˣǩ֣һж㶨ŵЩƣһֱںЩ˹ͨһ㶼Ҫʵãһܹʲô©ܹۣ
ûΪʲôǣʲôʱǩԼ
ͿԣҪҪŪĺ䶯㣬죬㹻ʱ䡣Ų֪ʲô˼һ˵ǶԽ֪ԽãǳȴһˣҲ֪˼
ǾͽɣҸ˾һͬ׼𣿡飬Ƕһ֣Ǿǡ족ֻн䶨֮ǲŲôı
罫׼ã֪ʱ仹ǱȽϽţЩ飬ǶѾá
ӹǶʲôûпֱǩٶ˵˼졣
Ҫ֪ЩͬǩĻǻ鷳ǳȴ˿飬ȫЩˡ
㲻ǿ㣿̲סʳǵһοǩ֡
ȴһ׳յģ˵ҽʲô
պͳůģǶ֪Լͳʲô׽ãȴǿǣĸоĺܺá
Ǻǡȴǲ֪ô˵Ҫ֪Щ֮ң黹
ҽõһݶǣǹ򽣰︲ĵһϣⶫʱҪץʱ䷢ȥֻ쳤оͻˡ
ǿ϶˵ǸоЩԾ½еر˳Щϳ棬ôһɣҪô׵£֮ǰһ𶼿ԽЩɸŪ
ˣҪһ£κΪʲôḲô죿ûκεĺۼ˸ĨȥЩ
űֱʳ
Ҳֻ֪ܹһ֣࣬ʱҲ֪
Ҳ֪Ĺ죬ֻΪһѣ飬ɲ⡣
ŶЩʧΪԼھʲôܣʱǱֽϱҲԴһЩ
˭֪Ȼ֪ĵʧ޷˵
ţʲôطҪȥҳȥ˿ʱ䣬ڿɲˡ
ѾϢƽڶûϢɲʲô
˶֪Ǳٵӣֻǲ֪˭һɱˡ
߳͸绰ƽ˿̻ǱԼĵ绰ȥƽ鷳
ʲô
绰֮ͨ󣬳ֱӿ˵
ϴȻҲڵϢܿͻϢˡ
ǱȴҲڵȴһЩϢϾЩ鲻ô׾ͿԴġ
á
ųͳǱȥǲƽ£ֻҪûбװΧס˭ûа취ƽ
ʻڵĵطĿĵأĸоΧһЩվڵֵܡ
ֻʲôĶҪȻҲôվڰɣ
߽棬ŷƽѾˣֻһһˡ
ֱ򽣰˸ˣЩأֻЩĻҪӡ
򽣰ģһ·ϱˡ
ƽŴ˵ѾһСģ˭֪ոҵЩ·ͱ˸ˡ
бڿ㣿֪ƽǺСĳȥ˭֪ȻЩ
ӦǺ򽣰һҲ֪ʲôʱҵģģӦøҺüطֻûз֣ҷֵʱѾҵЩ˻·
ƽЩԺ֪ЩǹֵģǲСĵأ
üͷ΢˵ǶһЩʲôˣʵһ˶ûа취ɣ
Щһﶼ⣬һʵͣҪܵĿ죬ֻ¶ѾزǲҪţͷˣǹҵĹֱˣҪû˼ңֻѾǱߡ
ƽµ˵뵽Щ˵ֶΣмֿ־塣


187 
ĵľȸҪ֪ƽ첻µزµļһȴ¶һ־飬ʲôĵˡ
ʵˣ̫࣬һǹˣǸ֮٣ȵȣˣǹ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôĺˮͺһûЩæҵóԼֻѸٴ¼һҳ档
ϴ㵽뵽ʲô
ǲʲô֣
ʲôˣǶһԡ
ȴЩ㵣Ҫ֪֮ǰûм飬Ȼ뵽ʲôŻһģ
һæ˵ҪΪֵһЩ顣
ܽ鶼һ˿ţǺףҲԸˣ˵õͬʹ࣬ȴóһ˿ˣߣǻֵܣ
㿴ǲˣӶ̲סѾ֪˭ֻƬɱ֮ˡ
ƽһۣݺݵĵ˵ͷ˵ûдˣ߻һӥһļһ
顭
ֱֻӱ飬
˹
˫ͨĺ𵽣һϱһǰδеɱģЩη塣
ƽԼȻûа취һƬƺѪȣǵһη֣˿ǿĵزҪɱ˶˲Ϣ
硣
ס֣֪׾ʲô顣
Ҳ֪óļȻǷͬѰ顣
ܷʲô飬Ҫ߳һֱڣֵܾ͸ˣҲмֱɱ壬ÿһ˶ס֡
ȻҲоǵĴڣʹů󿪿˵û飬ֻ뵽һЩѣ˭ȥ
磬ôԣǲǷʲô飿
Ҳȥɣ
硣
˶ųǶоҪһȥֻΪֵܵǣôܻԼֵһ˶С
˶ģһҲ֣óһôӶ顣
ûʲô£ȴһŻȵģҪŪǾҪŪǡ
һȺ˵ԡ
ǲҪȥЩ˲ǿԿģҪǼһˣֻһƬطҪһ룬һ׾ˣǲô׶Ըġ
ɲǣռʮŴսʱԼֵôǼһŰɱģ֪Ǻ⣬ȴǲԼֵðգʷܹٶݡ
⻰ȴڳ˶ŭˡ
ǲǸֵܣ֪Σգӣθɣ
ǳŭˣΪһˣս޻˵ΪֵܣҪڼţԼֵƴ첻
磬ǾǺӣϣҲҪǣ㿴һûаѵģǾôһս㱻ǴдΪʬô꣬ƽΨһصˣ㣬ˡ
ƽҲǲӢۺúЩֵܾͷڹꣿ
ˣûдҲÿǶ˭ʲôϡ
Ҫ֪ǶɽǱȴ磬ΪΣն룬ǸԼûа취Լ
ǲҪ˵ˣѾãȥҲûʲôãҶҪȥ˰æҪȻֻʧء
ǸжΪǲܹԼֵܸԼһȥðˣҪ֪飬·һ
ϴʵ̫ߣԼҲ֪ϣ㲻ҪΪԼһǴķ
ûдϴȥȴûЩʲôأ
ϴ˽һ˵ΰ󡣡
˶ųǶԸóһ˶УַˣǶóһȥǵ
˺ðΣ˵ǿǱҪһڼأԼֵǾֻʮˣĶܹˣҲ֪ڵôǾսҪģҲ˵ˡ
Ļ໥һۡ
طأǶңǵʲáֱطˣһǱһҲֻźʡ
ûдƽǿ϶˵ҵûߣҲսװɣ
ʲôû˵˶ѾΪźˣ⻰Ķˡ
ҲҪȥμսΪʲôͲܹȥأ
ԼҲŵ㣬Ҫ֪ǸطգڶüһȥǱߣԼûа취Լ
⻰ǿǣ˵ʵֻȴʲôû˵ֻᶨվڳߡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģҶѾԼ⣬飬ǾĬĬĸ̺·
ƽҪûĻ˹ڵĵطǳĵص㣬˵ֻҪоӹȥǱ߰ٷְˣҲʲô鷳
ǿ϶˵֪Ǹ˵Ĵڣ鶼أΪǸ˾˹ԽһйԸڵסˡ
ס
ƽҲ֪Ҫô˶ߵĻֻ궼һԴﵽĿġ
ʵܼ򵥣ǿΪб˹ǿˣ˭׳Ƴأ
ھȥϵˣ㵽ʱ׼һ£ԱԼȫĶǮⶫ⣬ȥǣҪǲңС
׼һЩ£ֻĶſԱ֤ǵİȫ
á
ƽҲһ㣬ʱ򲻻Щʲôʱ򻨰
ŵ绰߳ҪԮֻǸ˭ȥǸһʡ
ιңһҪ˵˵ǲ֪ûĵȥҪеĻҾ˵ҪûеĻʲô˵
ȸһһ绰ȴûнֱ˵ܵ˵Խ֪Խã˭֪һǷԼ
ɲźһĽڲ٣ͷѾϡƷ
ҪǺһеĻǳͻ˵Ҫûе˵ֻԼ鷳
ʲô飿һѾ²ʲôҲ֪ʲôǳŵһ䣺ģûк͸𺣸Э飬һԳ㣬ǶѾĹϵôܳ㰡
Э飿
ȫ֪ڸʲôֻҲ֪𺣸϶ѾΪԼźãֻͻȻ뵽𺣸쵰ˣȥŮĺ
Ѿҵ򽣰Щһĵط
ȻҲֱ˵Щͳ͵һһ֪ԼĻҪࡣ
һȴûżǸط֪ղŻûеֻͳЩǰ档
һǽĿ˵Ǻ飿ǻ飿
ô˵Ҫ㽫㶨ǾǺ飬ҪǱ֪ĻܻٶֱһһʧֱӻһûдҲȥƶǱߡ
һûмĥ䣬֪Щֱ˵ȽϺá
ʲôҲǱߣ
һЩ㵣֪ʵݣڳȻ˵ԼпܻǱߣǱߵʲô

ףԷֻںһЩˡ
ȷҪǳɹˣô𣿡
һĵıôһ飬ǺһЦ˵ҿ϶
ãҸˡ


188 ǰϦ
һ뷨ڳ֮УҪԷҪһһ顣
Ҫ׼㹻ĸ֣Ǿֵ֣Ǿӵ֣Ҳףһδսֻ»ǣܹ㣬Уʱ취ŪһЩǹʱɱͷϡ
ֻһˣҪǵʱ͵˶սʱ˼ǹⲫֻ¾Ƕûá
ˣŰɱûйϵǸ˹ʵȴǲѷɫ٣Ļ㶼ûô
һĬһ˵ã齻ңϵЩϵʱ·
á
ȻԷôϵҲ˵ʲôǿһ䣺ԷʵҲҿܻкüˣҵˣñȽЩ˸
⻰˼ǾҪӵľˣȻǾ񣬵ҪǺЩһȽϻǲôһЩ
ʲô
һȴЩˣҪôˣ
ôĹϵҲˣղŶû뵽ҪˣǿŻõĹϵ
ã㻹٣ֻ׾зݡ
ûбΪһѾ֪ô죬˭֪Ȼʳ⣬֪ЩһʲôţƵһˣһ˺׹һ֧񲿶ӰսӣԿСʱսӵȫû֪˰ɣ
˻
ǳû˵飬һ𻹲óⱣֶΣڶѾ֪ˣԼôʡĻֻԼСҪûˡ
뵽һ̾Ϣһ˵ףһѣֿܻֻ࣬Щ⣬ʱڻҸаˡ

û뵽һҲǣôľ־ֳҪǻûһͱ˸Ūˡ
ҵ绰֮󣬳棬˵ж𵴣ǵĻȻǲЩɫĵ·ЩȴҪûģֱֽȥЩ׼·ˡ
ף򽣰һ£ܶ򽣰˿϶ƴܳȥҪȻضᱻ˸㣬Լ߾顣
ãģڸоԼǷˣһᴦ
Ǹ˵˵һֱûʲôڸУһ˼Ϊ˵Ǻʹ飬ڳĻоԼá
ʲôû˵Ҫǻ˵ʲôָĻ˵̡
׼ȥһСʱ֮·ڻϣֵתƣǰʱ֣Ҫ·ڣֻҪǿȥˣһжõġ
˵µľʱ̣֮ǰЩֵܾΪɣĻ֮£ôʷݡ
ס
˶ǿ϶˵Ǵ󲽳߳ȥڻö㣬ʱֻ¾ûлᡣ
ɵⶫǱرġ
һЩСҲҪġ
˵òκϵЩȥ޷ȴвʣԲŻΪ
ʱܿȥƽѾϵˡ
硣
ƽ͵̶ȫװ
ܲŸֻԼ㹻Լǲлᱣˡ

ղźһѾϵˣǸҲѾԼĵطǹȥˡ
ԼĵطɨΧһױİҵҪӵˡ

ന
߹ȥԼ֣ǸҲ֣ǵʱͺһԼõİš
ϳ
ת㳯ȥʱ£ֻܹԼʡĳʲô鷳ǹനȴҲߵ˼ʻ

ŹനʵԷʱ̹ǿ϶ʲôҪġ
ന˵ͷҲĽԼˡ
㡭
ƽȴŭˣʵβ˵ǿȴǵǷ켫Էȴ˵
ȴһֹƽЦã·ָ㡣
നû˵һģ
ȴףֻǴºڰİɣ
ҪȻʱһҲٳɡ
һ٣ǻɣһͲ֪жôĿֲҪȻҲڶô򶨡

ന򵥵˵
Ŷ
˵ͷȻԷ֪ԼҲҪôࡣ
ƽȴںǿ߹നôקүûôţСı˸Ū֪ʲô顣
ֱӽָ㵽ͺһԼõĵطǽ׵ʱûжǰ˹˽⣬ֻʱʮ㣬Ǹһϲʱ䡣
˺ͺһԼĵطǸطмʮ褼˶ڳȻǺܴѹ
ףôˣû뵽ڣ˵ⲻǾԲģҲܹ࣬ʮ˾͹ҪҪȻġ
ʲô˼㿴Ǿˡ
褻û˵һСģļһȴ
ǺǡûпǸһۣһȴǿ˵鷢ôǶҪãû˭ΪΣվͲȥģûпҶҪʿ𣿡
ðɡ
Ҳ֣ԼЩȻˣҲô࣬
ֻҪû飬ˣҲܲš
ǸСȴǿųʲô褸㡣
ǾôԲУ
ֱӿźһʵⶼʲôʱˣȻ˼椣ˣҪôԼҪôǺˣǶʲôûɫ
һҲЩͷۣų˵˵һǸô졣

˵ͷ
ֻǣǸСȴǲֳʲô˼ѵΪˣȲﲻɣ
СǴУģνĸ߲һֱΪûʲôµˣǿЩûнƵˡ
жһҲûа취ʲôֱӺԼ֮ǰ쵼кҪһЩӢϾһЩڻ棬һҪǲɱһЩĻԺԷһֻ¸ӵ鷳
ҲҪԲŻĳ֡
ķǻẦܶ˵ģ㿼Ǻ𣿡źһʵһͬһȥ
һͷ󣬻Ͳܹе
˼ͨ˿Թôбµ˰ɣ
ڻߴߴҪҪʲô
˵仰㲻㣬㣬쵼˵Ҹ㣬Щ飬ûǿԼĵλ
һҲףʱѾǹϵҲܹƻ顣
ʲôûֱһ飬űŭ֪ں˭˵Ҫ֪Һܿǳеĸֳˡ
ڵġ
ͻȻһ˳͸˻һȭһܾõˣոյһ˵Щͨôȴû뵽Լʲôɫ
˶һʸŵˣȴֱӽкˡ
ȻոյĻǲġ


189 Ӣۺ
˵ģһǸһȭǴĵͬģϾҪǸһһȭôʶȤֻڴҪƷʲôס֡
ǾĿţ֪һװǻƣҪȻͲôһǵˡ
ǡ
Ǹ˵Ƶͷȴƽ١
ĻŭһҪ
˶Ű׳һһ㵱Լ˭
˼ҺһҪ˭һ˵飬ҪȻʱ϶ᱻٵˡ
ˣ֮оǹؼʱ̣Ƕұ졣
һ˵ɲʱֳʲôӡ
ǡ
ƺܺҪ鶼Ѿˣ֪ûа취Ż˭Сɫ
һĲˬԺһǲģڳ˶̲ס泰СûСԾɻ
źһ˵Ҫкܶľѻ֣սܼңЩ˵ֶζǾڵˣֻûж˿Ի
ǳ˵һȰĻҪǶԷԸӣҲûʲô˵ˡ
ʵϺһȻʲôʱҲûа취ҪԼЩֶȥ˭ȥ
ûʲô㾡˵Щǡһų˵ȻԾһеķǾҲҪս·ϡ
һһˣȴǸ˵ԼԵԼƷ
Щ˶ѵصĹӶû˿ԽԷѹơ
ʼԼ֪˵һֱҴڸеĻȴϵޣЩӶҲһ£Сǻľ𣿡
üͷһ壬û뵽ԲеľȻҪʲô
һĿŻ˵Ҫǲ飬Ǿ͸ұ죬ҪΪģͿҸ㣬Щһˣ˭ûа취ס㡣
һŭˣû뵽һôף֪ʲôΪԼЩĻ£ʲôã
ҲΧЩ˵ֻ´Ҫʲô⣬˼ԼŪǶпܡ
Ҳû뵽һ˵ЩɵĿΧƺҪ֣һ˵ǲôһǿϧǣû
һҲͻϲ˵ô࣬ųǱ˵ǽ֣
ûа취ΪǶѾҪǱߣһҲֻܹӲʤˣǾͿԻʧˣֱǱߡ
ףйӶڣûлΪȥô򵥣
ɣȻûʲôֱֻܹӸɾ䣬һȴЩء
Ҫ֪Լһ˴ǳʲô⣬ֻЩ˸Ͳ侮ʯпܣҲΪЩء
磬ôֲ𣿡̻ЩôţϾܴӰ졣
ʲôƭİʱͻףЩֻĸӵĿֲ
˵നȴͻȻʵʲô
ûУȥáʲôûУԲ˵
ŶനǳĬԣ˵ôһ仰ʲôû˵ˡ
ĺܿ죬ڳ˶оĵֽŵķΧ
褺ͺһһ
Ŵ⣬һͻȻ˵飬㲻ģûа취㲻ûжٸ˿ãо·ƽܶࡣ
ںһĸмҲ֮һŻ᲻Ľ
һףԼǸûж˻Ͷ˶֪ڷƮ֮У˭пܻһ
褺ǿ϶˵ֳҲһ죬޹غʲô棬ԽЩ֮ڷҸǸ˵ĺܣ㲻ţȴҪΪͨһЩ顣
֪һ̾ϢһҵʱҲģֻǿϧıҡ˵棬΢С
ϡ䣬·ҲǸΪܲˣֻ紵ȥ˭Ҳһֱͯ
һƬĬ֮褺Ǽᶨ˵ʹ±Ǩɼҵʱ껪
û˿ķܴ󣬷·Ҫĸг
нҹɫرģֻЩᣬ˼Եɱ
һСʱ·̣˺̲
ط
һ³ʵ֮ǰһֱǳĳͷҲ֪ĵط
ƽжϣԼжϡ
ҪҪ׼ʲôȻԼûеˣҲ壬Ǻһ𵥴֪
ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҫô࣬غñǡɲķôľȥù顣
Ȼ˵ˣǺһȻ˰š
Ѹٴȥ鿴Χһ˸飬˶ᣬֻսϡ
ǴӺһùһǹڸǹʱ򣬺һص˵ʹá
ⲻǷϻҪûʲôʲôĶǹȴǲмӶࡣ
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ന˵⻰ʱмЦ⣬·뵽ʲôЦһ㡣
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˿̣ʲôţȴʲôӦǲ
നǲżѷɵʱˣҪôţƺҪôװƵʲôˣǶֵעġ
ڸæµʱʱȥʮıƽڳԽԽ꣬˶ѾҵطΨгô
ƽĶЩǸܴѹЩ˵жôǾֻԼ֪
ֻǣѹֵĺܣҲ֪Լʲôûоĵ̸ˡ
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ڿ֮ҡҷط·սе·һ߸ǣˣȻﵽ˳һͬĺ֮ûǿнࡣ
˫ۣ˫ںҹ֮˸оη塣
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˹ף˫϶ֻһ˲Żл뿪˵İš
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վں棬Щˣ²ԷƳ˲ˡ
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ˣֻǲ֪һʲô̻һЦݵĿԶ޺ƣ·𿴳һЩ
ǺǣְɣҵҪϣôƽΪô״ˣ򽣰ҪʲôأЩڴ־Ҳʲô򵥵ĻɫֻһζԷӿֲֶβǡ
һɽһֱҪԼʧȥȨϧһֱûлᣬһɵıɨѾоԼлˡ
ֻЩʧϣһ㶼飬ʲôӦûУһϣϵˣõһɽ벻ףԷҪʲô
˿̣ϣȴڰɽ֮Уķ羰е˵Ǻǣһֻǻ᳹Ĩȥֻǲ֪򽣰Щûа취ȥأ
ϰ塣ɽһмֵĵʵһε飬ҲμĺһһʤˣֻԺ󶼻ᱻѹסҶп鷳
Ǻǣ飬ǶС飬ֲǲ֪ЩǴһطˣһĺļһҪûпĻֻһǻὫһҲѾźˣʱһ·
Ҫ˵飬ϣһ㰲ŶûУǿ϶ٵģϾô飬ʱпܻᵣΡ
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͹നֱӳȥˣҪǱЩһһֱѹƣֻ˶Ҫ˭׵ĺܡ
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ϴô찡
ЩͣȥЩ춼⡣
ԣǿǴͷļһﾹȻһ˸ɵ˼ˣֻЩӶ꣬Ǿ鷳ˡ
־ںĳ棬ĶһˣЩ˶ĵϵӣҪǺŵҪɹף͸һЩĻ顣
˭ִ֪󶯾
ǮǽЩ鷳
ֻҪǽʤˣ鶼С⣬һЩ
ֻҪԼǾû⡣
־⿴ԼС˵ϣЩһﲻܹˣĻҶţʮ֮ǰս
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Ƕ֪ʮʱҪǵ˳ֻ»Բ˶ߣǮһѵѾǵˡ
־˼ս鶼Ա仯
ǱѾصľٴλصƽ֮С


191 пս
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ɱ˼ˣ˹ɱ˸࣬ǻǹֱͻͻȥһʼǾûͣʱ˭֮г֣˸ոճͱѹƻȥˡ

ҿûӵˣ˵طǲãҪҵǹڣЩһҪһ롣
ɵˣڹؼʱ̾ȻûӵԸɵһˣڵǺãֻܹѸˡ
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ҪҵĶڣа취ҳȥпܳΪѣЩһ̫ˣǸͲһѾ׼ƴ
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һĶЩôõĸоȥҪģֻڵ˭ûа취
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ǳߣһʣµ˶Ϊ壬ʹനȴҲûа취ķɵʮѣЩжٰ
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Ǻǣа˸ˡ
뵽ȥЩ飬޷ƽʱҶҪлǣҪôһ֣Ҳ֪Լôǿ󡣡
ǿһˣһ壬ǵôǿĹӶôǿ鶼û㣬ϧ㲻ǻˣ֪𣿵ʱ˵Ҫʱ򣬸û˷ԣֵ˼ţ֪еѶΪ㲼·
˹˵˳һֱҪ֪飬Ҫ֪ʱǸӦʧܣĹӶŶôױ


192 ɱ
˭ϵǵģ
Ǻ⣬ݶѪ֪˹ļıȴô޷һУеĿ֪ࡣ
֪һս϶˽ͨУʱһߣľű㱻˸־ѻǸոճȥִ
ҪϣնȥֻµʱѾǸطˡ
֪𣿡˹һ㶼ǱսʲôЦǺǵĿų˵ǻʹǽս㶼û˼սģҿǻĵŶ飬㶼Ҫ֪
˹ȻûôģǼֻҪϹ
뵽һģҲ̲סĵ̾Ϣɱ֮޾Ѫ죬ȴǰԼʴ֮£Ƕô̵飬ҪǶԷôˣֻҲܵôҡ
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ǿ϶˵ԼʵֻͬǲöԷȥ֮Լʲô֪ΪһǿߣǱҪ㹻İ
˹·Ц㻹ͬôǵ㲻κЩ˽˳Ӵҵ棬ô䵽ĵز
֪⻰ǻΪǶô
֪ȴףЩģôһ˵ˣҲǱһѣԷ֮ô˵ǶΪһ֡
һôһ仰һˣ㲻ҪָҺЩһͷԼĳ
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ôӦЩ˵ҪһˣҲǻĵѪľŶǻ˾Ӷ࣬׹죬ǲܵ顣
˭ĹӶ̱ȴǼ˲ԭ򣬷ǣĵ飬
ٲ֪ٵ⣬ûжҡľġ
Ӷһ֣˵˵һĴڣ˼ǳڵĻˣεһ֣Ӷŵһ飬ҲεһӲһиı䣬ͷ
֪еѶǸһóЩڻԮ֮ս
ǵʱѿǣеʬǶըķ飬Ϊȥֻͱ˸һ·׷ɱ
˹һ˵ǻһ仰ʶʱΪܣһ㶼ʶȤתñ˸ڻҡҪֵ֪ܺͺ֪ӹĺͲڵӣطţ˸ɥ֮Ȯֵ𣿡
˹ӽսͿԿڻĺܲҪǷ֮ǰ϶಻˵ֵܸԼƴ
Լƴ˶Ƕǿó
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ΪıҪǶԷϣԼ϶ûа취ԿҪûϣ鶼ת
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˹һֻģǸŮҲϲֻҲ֪ʲôԷֻϲһˡ
ͨ˲Ҫ˵ԶԶһۣܻᱻۣǲпʵ
ȻҲûʲô˵ˣͿ˴ˡ
ȳԷȥλǹеʲôģԼ˶ٶĸ֡
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˹Գı£ҲǼɵĺܣһᷢʲô¡
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˹ҲһŶȥһȭͷȥ˫ȭཻʽ˲пսĻ
ˮƽˣÿһԶ˲вȫﶼԵɹ˵ֶΡ
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ⴿⲫսҲֻ似ֲſԴﵽĵز
Сʱ˶ûзֳʤԶսȴԽԽСȻǱߵսѾӽβˡ
Ѿ˲٣ҪȻֻѾһˣҪûпƺ˸ˣ
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ڸոսӴʱ򣬾Ѿ֪˹Щ⡣
Ҫʤˣһ㡣˹ҲԼȫѪ״̬ӲǳɱƺҪͳսٻغϡ
ʵϣҲò˶٣ۣؿҲƣк󱳱˹¡
˵ǰھǿԼǱߵʲôʱսԼ߳ŵʱȽϳѡ
˹㻹ǵǰһϵĵܵܽܿȥǿִʱǱҲûл顣ͻȻ˵ҪԷ˼
ɱģ˹ϵɱ⳹ױΧĲݶƺʲôѹˡ
ܴʱڶһɱһЩͨˣǸʱһЩеģҾֱӽǸһɵʡˡ
˵·ɱһֻһ
˹ҧгݵĳ֣ܿǰȥִʱͻȻ˸Ū
ʱȥѰһټûз֣ȴû뵽ȻǱŪġ
϶һģܵܵʱҲ˲һ˺˶Կ
ڿ佱ʵȴ˹˼֪ʱҪǶԷĲңԼߵЩ鷳
˹Ҳ֪ǳļıûа취ͳƽֻĿųʵĸ˭
ֵܣһŮˣʲô˻ŵġ
˵⻰ȻΪЩȥˣŵǳ
ãҼסˡ
˹֪˲˵ѣΪûбҪҪҪ׷ĻͿ׷
ȻҲҪлȥǵ鷳ǣ
˵űȥˣֻһʱȴȫһͬھģ
˹ЩҪʲôأ
ֻʱ̣˹ҲȻҪɱǾɱס
ٶȭཻ˶˻ˣ˭ʤ˭ʱ
ͻȻƴ˹ס


193 ٳ
˹һӾͷֲԾôʱĶⲻֻǷҲûãΪĹס
˹ͷĿڳͷϣҪȳ֣˹Ѿ׼ǰ㵹ԼѳͻȻһײͷѪ֪ԷʲôǸղûз֣λöûöԷƶĹסԷ
͡
ӽ֣κĳץסĻ˲䷴һͷײ˹ͷöԷҲѪ档
ۡ
ơ
˹˫۵ɵĴģðһ֣Ҫ˵ʲôǿϧѾˡ
סɱ˽നҲǲˣȻôһһҪǻǹˣ㶼Ųƿλã÷ɵˣҶûа취оԷĴڣһ㣿
һѽ˹ƿղŹനһƯĺܣҪ֪һѷɵֱӴӼʮǰ˵࣬ҪǷͨ˿ǶѾţƵҵˡ
ĲǱߵôԶԶĿŹന˵Ҫһֻᱻ˹ɡ
ǱߵսһӳԮҪ㣬һѡ뿪
നôһ仰׼뿪ǿŶԷıӰ˵ллǷһ飬Ժϼҡ
ɲǷ鲻ˣף˼ԸԼҲΪһЩְˡ
നߵʱ򣬳һӣջǿ˵ЩӶʱһǰһôһ̵ͣ٣Ҳ֪ʲô
ന˵֮ҲûгսǱȥѡֱ뿪
һֻ֪鲻Լô򵥣漴˼뵽棬ǾǱ
˹ҪûƭĻǳٻ֪Լ˭ڹനո˵ģʲô˵飬ǵһɶЩ鲻Լ׷ģǲǳΪ˼ҵӣҪľͺá
ûйսǱߣ嶼Ѿޣղ˵ɱòҿݣⲻһ˿԰쵽ġ
սߣ־⿴ԼЩƹ⣬֪ȥףΪʲôôľӳֵģǸ˲˵ӶѾˣѵǶԷΪŪԼ
ϴߣˣһȦףǮǣҪȻҲ顣
ϴߣǶط
硭
־¶ڴ󺰵ǶѾ֪һֻǱ˸Ƶġ
־ȴûмУƽĿΧ˺ܶ飬ֲýǮûг֣һĸûԭôһ
ֻ¶ԷѾЩǶҪһԼֻ»ᱻ
ֻ򽣰ѾûбԼӺʵˣϧһԼ׵̫ˡ
ֵǣͻΧȻǮʲ壬ҲҪŪˡ
־ʱҲˣȻѾĵزҲûʲôüɵˣơ
ϵЩҪҲգǮôණȦף־ȻԷ㵽ס
־һȺ˳ΪǶ֪һȥĵطǲǱɵĵطߵǻһ
ֵǶҳ尡Щ˵ҪߣҪһ󺰵ѾԼԮˣԼµƴ׷ȥ
ƽ͵ȴ䣬Ƕһ۶˴˵ء
ϴǱʲô̿ʵ˵ʱ˶ѾǱ߹ȥˡ
ղŹനѾȥˣûġ
ƽοԼȴЩأϾ˹һǹûг֣᲻ʲôˣ
ҪָǸһ˭֪ʲô˰ȹȥϴʲô˵Ķ֡
ȴǲŹനϾ˲żһ棬˭֪ʲôɫ
á
˶ѾǱ߳ȥһЩոյľҲǱ׷ȥ
Ҳ֪־ģͻȻˣȻڵϵĳ
ڵģʲô
Ϣģڿ־֣̲סˣѵվղź˹սʱѾùˣﻹбº˼ҶŸҸɰ

־ȴ̲סЦʮвȴһǹųֻҪһ£ǾͿŪˡ
־ȴǿų˵ߣģǲǵˣұˣ飬˵ҪڿǹҲᱻŪɣ
ֻҪɵӶԿ״̬ס
ֻȴҡҡͷ˵ûа취ңЩ˶Ҫˣ㲻ߣ
ϴϻôʲôֱŪ˵ǣҪĻҲô
ϴ󣬿ߣЩ˲ൽˡ
磬߰ɣ
Щ˶־˵ǶѾЩӰˡ
־ȴǽǹϣһߵ˵ǴųģҪ飬㶼⣬Ҳûа취Ҫ˵սұǿԸŹǾ͹Ը⣬ֻܹĨɱ㣬ѡɣ
־ԳӲʩƺҪߣЩףʲôԼʲôɣ
룬ǸˣԼҪǱǹĻǹûʲôĻᡣ
Ѹٽ뿪־ǰż˶ϺҲûа취ҪҪȥûпܵġ
˵ϴ󡣡ƽո׷Ϳ˸ߣŭҪǳǵǰ˸ߣҲûˡ

Ҳ󺰵ѪЩģЩͬµġ
硣
Ҳ׷ȥˣֻǶûа취׷ǣΪ˶Ϻ谭ǡ
ǽǼϺ˸ɵʱЩѾ־׼õĳˡ
ߣ׼飬־ⶼ׼˺üַģӿ滹оӵʱ֪Լ˸ˡ
ЩӶڴսʱͻȻһЩ鴤ʲôӦûУֱӱС
Щں˿͸ŷЩ鶼һ֡
ƽǺȥ׷ˣϧô޷׷ǡ
ڵġ
ƽݺݵڵһȭԼϴ˸ߣĸоҪôܾжôܡ
ȥȴóֻ绰ˣ˵һ裬ԼϴѪƴʱԼЩСܵ˾Ȼûиţ˵ȥֻǱ˸
ߡƽҲ֪ڵѾ޲ûа취ҵ𺣸󡣡
ƽǱȽŸ𺣸ֶΣȻأЩ鲻ǿԽġ

Ҳһ㡣
Ǹվס
ʱһͻȻס˵ȥ·
ƽһ˾ȻǻǸͷβʯͷ˵

Ϊ˸ٳ֣һӻƽ
ˣ˽ǹеȥͶףһԷ˵һҪȻǺǡ
ĲҪ˵ǳ²࣬ղô˵ʱŵһ仰û˵ڵǺãˣֱøղŵѿ
֪˵ʲô
ƽΪһӣԲǰԲмƽϵģЩʱԲԲС
ҹ


194 
һ˵Ҳ׷ϾղŻôˣҪǲҪǳ飬һָӵ˶ûС
ݶҪҧ飬֪طû˻뵽ҪǵԼȥ֮Щ˵ԼһʰΪô׾ͿԼ
һƽ˵ܸмǳҪǣֻ»һЩǽ·Ϊһġ
˼ҰǣҪǻûйӾҪţ鲻˵˼ǷԼ˾ˡ
һ쵼ǿ϶ᱻ˸Ǵ𣬲ܳϻǲϣ˶ڷ
Щܻƣһ𻹾ô˵ˣ˸Ƿ׷׿
˵ղڴսʱһƴ˵ǺãԼһ˴ͷβʯͷ棬㵹гϢ˰
ޣҲ䵱𣿸ղҪλΪѴЩȥֵǹ棬ֻǶҪ֪ˡ
ܹ˽ˣⱨӦģҪɣҸұ֤
ǻֱӳŻȥˣĻΣͷ֪ʲô
ƽȴû˼˵ô࣬һѽԼϵǹ֧Ӹһ˵ϴ˸ˣϣʱ԰æ׷һ¡
ƽ֪ϾЩȽϺá
ס
һǿ϶˵ΪǳģҪ˭鵡ӸֱǹǸ˵Щ˿ԿģҪսҵġ
ߡǺƽˣطʼš
ô˵ղŵ̸绰ֻǼӾ͹ҵƽҲ֪ʲô
̾ϢһϵЩֵܣпϵ˸𺣸ڵǸӣǼˣûа취ָȶס
ڵģǸന߹ôûпġ
ƽͻȻ뵽һˣҪ֪ǸһҪǵʱֵĻͲͬǹͷβûп˳֡
鲻֪ǲҪôˣȻȥɡ̲طţҲȥܻͬ
һǿԼߵ˵һȥ׷ЩһʣµȥЩƷʸȳ
ǡ
һȺ춼ڷֹ
Ǻ޺޵ĿǵıӰôĳ裬ô顣
ʲôջ񰡣
˵ЩǶƷˣ֪ǲġ
Ǻǣ˵ʲôջ񣬾ǸɵЩ˵Ƕ㹻øһȹˣЩһﶼǿֲӡ
һȺҲ΢ЩϲãǶѾһε֮ǵӻʲôˡ
һε飬²СĹͣ
ȴɣЩ涼װôӸղŵڣûʲôģǱƵ˰ɣ
һȽľ쿪˵ʵϣǹսڣһûУȻЩ鲻ͬѰ

ô
ˣмˣֳ־ⱻ˸ˣۣҲû˵ĺۼ
ֳطҲûˣ֪Щһﶼȥһطˡ
ʱһϢһ飬˭֪ȻǰЩһ顣
ʲô
һо鼬ˣʱһȺĽŲ
ߵľȫĲͬȻԺ־һĺ档
˵ɣʲô飬㲻Ե޹ʴ뿪İɣҪҪŪңǹЩᣬȴôûлˡ
־˵ƽһ㶼ʲôΣ֮еˡ
Ǻǡ־ԳЦЦ˵ʧߵҪǿϧ
Цĺܿģ㵹飬Ҳǿʱ˵ģҲҪֻһɻԸ𣿡
˵ɡ
־ЩήȻܴĴ
Ҫ𣿡
Щ׵ʵҪ˹Ʊ˸¶ˣʣȻЩǡ
Ǻǡ־Цĺ䣬ףҪǷ֮ǰһΪǽףǿףһжֻȦס
˵Ȧ׵ʱ־ɱ⣬Լˣڳ֮ǰѾЩ壬Ϊν棬޷˵ȥ
ȴôһѪܣûڣĶĸھʣôһˡ
ǮĶѾ˰ȻĵزҪ
Ѿ뵽־϶ǱǺ˸ҪȻҲô嶯
ˣ־Ҳʲôһֻǻ
ͲţҪûо޴棬־

־⵹ûʲôŭ֪Լ˸Ҳ˼ң˼ҳʲôأ
˵־̬ӵȶΪ˸ŭˣһ˸ҪɱˣӶħ֮С
㲻𣿡Щʵһôᱩŭİɣ
ǺǣʲôðҲҪǰб»Żȥ˵ΪΪʲôҪ㣿ָɣҪˣǮ϶ѾźˣֻһƬطˣʱ㣬Ƕпܻᱻ˳ֻС
Ҫ˵Ϊ˽ǮˣǾ־ˡ
ʵҲûд˿Ǯվ򽣰ۻĵطĿС˵Щ飬ҲѾ֪˰ɣ
֪
磬Ū־ǸУΪġ
磬һҪ𡣡
ڳ˶ǼغΪʲôʱ̬ǺҪġ
Ǯȴǿ˵԰ꡣ
˶֮Ǯٶȿ˵֪ǺգʵҲգǸ˵ΪԼĸ˽ôֵܶأǵѶһǱߣ飬ǲˡġɱЩ˵
ǡ
䡣
ɱЩС
ڳ˶󺰵ǵȴҲкܶɻ󣬽Ҫģֻж֪ǽЩﶼ;ӸΧˣ飬ǮΪʲôżأ
º̲ǳսĺ̲һ̲üž˭֪ȴǵƻ
ֵǣЩҪСġ
һʱ˿ЩС˵϶һЩǻһһģȻǻ
ء
滹޵ȻĶࡣ
绹жʱ䰡˵ھҪ𣿡
԰ô
ܴ󡣡
ЩСܿһʱ䣬ڶûǶомֵĲ
鲻Ҫô࣬ģܿͻᵽģϴѾźˣܴ鶼С顣
Ǹ˵ֻȴмɫͲᡣ
Ҳûа취ЩͲԼôôģЩǱҪġ
ҪǲĻֻ»ᵼ¾޴鷳
ʱдڿߡ
˶ԴǶΪǽ׵Ĵ
ʵϣǼ򵥣һ˱նʣһǽס


195 
ܶʱʵѾ˸Ķһ飬ǷԴеõ棬򽣰ڲѾҳûɢõ֤
Ŀĵ𣿡־˵Щɻһ̫ãҪĻǶһбºͶԷȽϡ
Ŀĵأ־ЦﻹʲôĿĵأֻǵ
㲻Ǯ𣿡֪־϶ǮΪʲôһﲻȥ˱
𡣡
־⿴Ŵ⣬ӶĲľԵмɪǮҪûһˣҸҸգҪȥǮֻ»ĸҡνıֻҪ˾ǣֻǮȮ÷ѣ
Ȯ뵽ʱ𺣸˵ĻȻĿ־ʵ֪Ǽһ˭
֪־֪٣һҲ̫˰ɣ
𺣸˵Ǯ߻һԼߵˣǸ˲ʱ̶֡
Ǻǣ𺣸Ĳ֣ǲ֪ȴ֪˵е˱Ū֮СЩľӣ϶ǻϣˣһ׵ĺ̲ǱǮӡЩ˶뿪֮һбİ˼˵Ǯ
־棬𺣸һ׵ĿӣûʲôԽᡣ
Ĭˣ֪־˵٣ҪֻǮҲǱɡ
Ǯڱİϣ໢İɣȻ޷ٷְλȴҲ١
ͻȻ뵽һ飬ǾһɴͷβԹۣǶԷһҰĵĻ໢ﲻ鷳
Ĵڣǿ޷رܵģɵĹϵԣѾʱôֲ¶أ
ʲô־ͻȻʵ붼û˵һǻָĲˣ㻹а취Ʒң
ΪʲôҪƷ㣿־Ϭķһ䡣
⻰óһ˵˵Ĺϵûôðɣ˵ҶС
УҲڽ֮ǰ飬ȴǲͬڵ˵ҪˣǴ鷳ЩҰĵˣһֱûжΪǶǳصİ
־Щ˵ǿ϶ԼپԼҪ𺣸ҲԼȥ
ⲻʱ־ֻȴ
Ǻǣ˵ǲУ㻹ţ𺣸ĵ绰ҪҪһѣ־ֻʾһбصĺ룬ȴǲ֪Ǹ˭ġ
ôģЩʵҿ㵹Ǻš
ҪӮˣֵһ·Ρ־ȴЩǻ˵Ҳ֪Լ֮ԲŻΪЩֵһ·
Ǹ߿־һۣһﻹûĵļһʱ̻뵽Щֵܣرѵá
硣
˶ʲôûģ־Ļȴǲܹʲôûˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ򶼻Ը־ˣǿ϶ҡ
ȷڵ绰ţҪֻ֪һΣͲ־ⲻҪġ
ȷ־⵹Ǻġ
ȻҲҲẬ־˵ҴӦҪˣҪҲ࣬ҽǮŪ
ԼǲȥŪǮģΪ֪ǺʲôȥףǾͲͬˣǮ־ǲݵľ棬ȻǺá
á
־ǿ϶˵漴ͨ绰
֪ôģ־ⰴǽͨ绰İť֮ǰмּӿ죬޷˵ףʲô
ãǡ
绰ͨʱȴôһ绰鲻֪ô˵һˬ֣־ȴǺһģ
˲䣬־⿴ŵ绰ڵģô¡
𺣸͸ø绰ڶûе绰ʲô
Ǻǣ𺣸ֻһͨˣ㻹Ϊ񲻳ɣżֵ٩˵ȴЩϰµģ֪𺣸ʲô˼Ȼûи绰ǲ
ϸ룬ʲôģڸ𺣸磬˭ҵõ
־ȴҡҡͷ˵𺣸㱾¡
ôЩ̫ף־ĵ绰ˡ
Ǹ𺣸ˡ־ЩĽ绰Ҳû˼ͳʲôˡ
Ǻǣ־⣬þûˡ𺣸м
˲䷢֣ԼӶˣʲô𺣸һ
־ȴ˵ղǸ绰˴İɣ
ףôô˰ˣղϴʲô˰
𺣸Ļһ˵ĸ˾ڶƺҪĶ
־ȴǵЦȻҲ˵ˣֻû뵽㽫һжϴӮˣ˵ɣ绰ʲô
ʲô𺣸Ƕһ٣˵ⲻ룬һǹ¿ģҪһЩһ
һЩһǺǣҲô޳ܲ˵ĳֻҪһ仰ЩûУ
־Ҫ֪𺣸󵽵ôֵģǮڵĳ̶ȣһǸ𺣸
ҵУҲ룬Ҳ֪ǲմȾЩģô飿ֻҪ㣬Щ˶ѾˣĸɸɾֱӱӸɨˡ
𺣸赭дĻȴóĵĵܣ𺣸϶ѾڳУǾԷб²ٿط
ô޷һıǴģôô
ҸղŴĵ飬ǸǾˣˣǿ϶ûи𺣸ڼ飬𺣸󶼿֪﷢顣
Կ𺣸ӣѾԽĽޣûи𺣸ı°ɣ
־ڸ𺣸ıȴϰΪƽ˵ңҪʲôأ
Щ飬ǽֵˣЩˣҰ̫ˣϣһ£֪ǮҲһڼ飬ֻҪ㽫ЩڼźãǣʲôʲôǾͿԵˡ
𺣸ᣬĸ׸ο˵ĺӡ
Ըңô֪𣿡
־׹ߣҪ֪ڼѾĵƵˣ֪𺣸ô֪ģҪǲʳǻĿġ
ô֪Ҫ𣿡𺣸˵Ҫ֪ܶʱ֪˽֣㲻˵ġ
ҾǶҪ֪Ҹ˵ҵĹϵ粻е֪
־ⲻǸ˱ԼȻǸ˱ѣǸ𺣸ô֪İ
Ҫ֪Ǹ飬Ǻذŵġ
ЩʱĲҪôģҲ֪˺ϲ˼룬ôһӾ뵽Ǹ˵ĹϵҪȻҲûпܻڣܸ˸ͨ籨Űɣ
𺣸ĻǼ򵥣־ȴǲò˵־һһûŪ㣬һûͶ㡣ϧˣһڵ߳ģ֪㲻ûҰĵˣ㰲ô飬ҾͲԸ¡
־Ļóĺǲ𺣸ȴ˿˵ϴԱߣҪңôûа취ңôûа취飬ϰɣ
ò˵־˵ĵһ㶼ûдҪǳʲô˼Ǹ𺣸˭Զ
ҲЩӣ֪Լ˭ڵǸ𺣸Ѿĵز


196 Ǿ
飬־̲סЦ˵𺣸󣬿ʤˣϴô㣬Щź
⻰֮ԣǶ˫кܴĶҡ
𺣸Ǳߣ֪ʲôȴ֪Լһ֪Լʲô
ϴʲôѡҶ֧㣬һ仰һҪסһҪң߲һصȥԼأ־⣬ǵŪǮҪȻĻǺȥƴ
𺣸˵⻰ֱӹҵ绰ˣȻʱҲǲ˵ôࡣ
ȴһѭ֮С
ȻһֱΪ˲˲ãھô˲˲ð
𺣸ĴѾһ˭޷֪ĵز
ôһˣҪ
֪ôһµĺ˰ɣ˵㣬Լһ£ҪǸ𺣸ҪıλĻǵʱҪŪ㣬ĲҪôѣ֪Ҳţƺģûһ鰡Ǿôôûа취һ˶Ըˣûа취ڼ֮бŮˣ
飬־ԽȰ
־֪ԼѾֵˣǮǸ𺣸˶ǸŵܶôĻϣŪ
ֻһѡǾȥǮͬھֻſԱ
ֻǣ־ĲԼͬľżһ𺣸Ū
־֪ԼһжѾ𺣸ƺˣȴôģһˣôҪһЩԼĺۼ
ѡͻƿڣֻҪӰ쵽һжֵá
ã̧ͷ־˵ҲǴģҲͱƭˣ𺣸ǺܴôҪҪϴλøǣֻҪѣܵ˵Ŀûгͻġ
ô飬ѾˣԲŻ־ȴôŵ˵ΪҪǵϴ㻹л·𣿡
·Լߵģ·Լҵģ˼Ҹģ飬װɣ
̹Ȼ˵ɲΪһԼ͸𺣸˳ìܣԼһʧܣ綼ûй̶飬˭͸˵أ
û뵽վʧˡúãһ֮ǰ룬𺣸Ϊʲô㵱ϴˣһԵϴˣĿϧˣҪǮؽҺߵһ
ʲô˵ˣȥ֮³ɣӦ飬һ쵽־ôҲǽжһѪûУʮҲǰ׹ˡ
־ʲôѾˣʱ˵ͻȻԼҲɺġ
Щ־ôˣ³ˣѾطԼȥǲ
طһСȻ˲࣬Щʱ򣬻һЩڡ
ԶԶĿ־Ǳߣоֻ־ֵ췭ظ
ʵҲˣ־⿴֮ӳҲˡ
Ƕ֪־ҪʲôһףֻʱǶֳµĶ
ϴ󲻻³һ³Ǿʲô춯صҪ
ֵǡ
־ɨЩһۡ
ϴǶڡ
ϴ׼ȥһطֻҪ㿪ڣɽ϶Ϊ㿪·
ȥģῪ·˭ᰡϴһ仰飬ϵɽ»𺣣ʲô
ˣϴǱߣ˼лҪ˵ˡ
һ־ߣǶ֪ΪҪʱ̶ˡ
־û˵óһûп̣˵һһڡ
ǡ
þûиܹϴ̵ĳˡ
һӾͼˣһѾȥˡ
ǿ־Цһ鶼ϲãǵȴмֵֻ꣬ÿһ˶ܵ־ĵС
һȺˣ·ߣһһ̣־ȼ֮һ̹㣬ǵĹء
ζţЩϴġ
ֻǣǶоֻҪˡ
ԶԶĿߣ֪־Ҫʲôžҹǿġ
֪𣿡־ЩЩǻ
ϴʲôֱ˵ɣǶء
ϴ󡣡
һ־⣬ǶԸо־ĵֱҲ˸о
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ҲԽĿ־壬Ҳ𺣸˵ڼʲôģµǸ𺣸ԳֶԸңϧͷβûԸң棬ֻһСɫְֵˡ
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197 Ϲ
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־ǿͶǱΪ𺣸ǿɵĸѣҲΪ𺣸ǿ
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˼Ҷ˵·ϴѪ顣ҲţΪһ·ֵһ໥ֵİһ֪˴ʲôѴһֵģ˵ǻˣԼȴ֪ǶԵֵܡ
ÿһ˶ۿ־⣬ǶףΪʲô־Ҫ˵ǡ
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𺣸ںߣĴķΧѾжʱûиܹˣʱ̣ȴЩȣϾһֲ
ͻȻ𺣸ֻһۣģ绰ʵô𣿡
㲻֪Ҫʲô𣿡ֱʵͲŸ𺣸ô˻᲻֪ҪʲôֻҪ֪𺣸ڸʲô
֪𺣸붼û˵ȴЩŭ˵㣬Ը˵
⻰ЩûͷûԵģǸ𺣸ȴ֪ԷΪʲô˵̾Ϣһ˵˵ɣʲôԸ˵ģ
ãȻҾһ仰ϴ²³˰ɣֱ˵صȥˣ⻰һӾø𺣸֪ô˵
֮ԻҲΪйϵҲ£ôûа취˵ġ
֪𺣸ջǿ˵н˵ֻΪһ˵ʲôأЩ飬Ҳ׵ĺܰɣ
׵ĺܡ
ǿ϶˵˭ףʲôãԴϡ
ǡ𺣸ȴǲΪ
ô˵ʵΪҪи𺣸Ļ鶼ôӣ˭֪𺣸ȴǲΪأ
Щ´Ҷ֪ʲôҲҪ˵ʲôΪҵʱһô˵Ҿǽ˵ˣӲңЩҶףҲҲ˾ܲ˭Ҫң
𺣸һ仰¶ҲЩҰĵˣֻǿһ뷨ѡ
ҪǳһΪ˾ܲĻǸ𺣸Ҳûа취ˡ
Ҳ֪𺣸˵ûдֻЩ飬һֱҲǰ취
Űɣһж
𺣸ʵİο⻰ȴЩˡ
̲סʵҪûأĲǸĺ
⻰𺣸ȴЦҪǵĻҾɽӣˮȡ
һЩ飬ǿĺܵġ
⻰ô˵ġЩˣ˵һ䣺ôʱ䣬Ů˻ûдӰ
Ǻǡ𺣸ЦЦ˵ûһ°ҿô찡˵ǸˣҪûʲô飬Ҿ͹ˣҲ뱻˸ҵҡ
ߡ
Ҳ֪𺣸Լ飬ֱӽ绰ҵ
𺣸ĺˮҲЩӣ֪Լô졣
ûа취˿̸𺣸Щ壬ܴ֪ǲԼĴ
Ϊ̫֪ҲǳĴ
϶һ˵Ĵ󣬸𺣸Щף˭Ĵأ
һѭ鶼ûа취׵ġ
ͻȻ𺣸ĵ绰ˡ
ûֱӽӵ绰ǳĬĿǺˮ֪ԼΪʲôӣҲһ˰ɣ
绰ȴǺǿôͣǶ
ҿ˭
𺣸벻뵽ʱ򻹻绰ˣһֻȴЩ㶣ܸ绰ˣȻ绰ˡ
ϴ󡣡
𺣸󽫵绰ͨЩ˵
Ǹô鷳
ȴȵǸ˵ʱĳȴվڴǰȼһ̣ȴûг飬ǾĿԶ
ϴʲôﰡߵôɴ࣬һЩ鷳
𺣸æ˵ϴû˵ȴôҪ˵Ҫǳڶ֪ʲôˣﻹô˼˵ôĻﰡ
鲻Ҫ˵ûǷʲôҿǷ̫ˣһֱңҪûĻǱ߶пܡ
ҲɵӣȻ֪Щ˵ֶʲôҪûи𺣸̵ĻͲܹɹ
鲻ҵĹ͡𺣸ɲ̰
ôĹ˰һʼÿһ鶼ţҪȻĻҲôõ顣
ô϶Ǹ𺣸æЧ⻰Ϳôˡ
𺣸Щӣź˵ϴʲôֱ˵ɡ
ôȴͻȻôһ仰
𺣸鶼Щ֪Ҫʲôһ仰ʵ˼Ҽˣͺͼʣ
á
𺣸Ҳʲôɵӣʲôϵ𣿡
ϣǶá̹ϵ˵ʲôʱԻ
ϣ𺣸˲֪Լȴ֪Լʲôˡ
ȥʲôأ
ԼǾ룬ҪôһĻԼʱ˳ǶԷ֣ͶԸ𺣸ֵ
زȥˡ𺣸һ˫ص˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˵
ǺǡЩ˵һԼţ㻹𣿡
ǻزȥˣֲǲ֪ˡ𺣸ǿ϶˵֪һȥĻֻһɽݶ
ˣҾһ仰ʲôʱ
һزȥˡ
ǲҪԼȥ
ǡ
𺣸ǲ֪ҪʲôȴЩꡣ
ھôһ仰㣬ҪǲĻҵʱȥ㣬֪Գеġ
ǿ϶˵𺣸ȴôһ仰ֻػҲҵġ
ǺǣҪҪһˣеǰ취ȫͨˡ
ǿЦ˵Ǹ𺣸Ҫ֪ĻǾ֪ǿЦ
ϴΪʲôҪҪһ𣬲ֹˣһҪ飬һҪúýӣ飬ûа취Ӧ㡣
𺣸ǲ֪ʵ˼ҪǻȥĻȻԻȥˣڸ˶Ѿˡ
˵Щ˶ĸɸɾȻʲôùǵİ
ֻڵѾôһˣҪǸ𺣸ߺͳĹϵЩӣܶʱ˶ڿЩ
Ҳ֪𺣸ʲôֱӵĿ˵Ҿֻһ仰㣬ô飬㶼ѾˣΪʲôͲܹأҪҳôС۵ˣҾҪҪϴλãҿλҳ˵֪ҵԸҲ̰Ȩˡ
⻰ø𺣸ľþ޷ƽ֪ʲôˣһʼһʱ򣬴Ҷס
ôʱ棬׵Ǹ𺣸ʲô˶ѡ
ϴһϴϴûа취ȥҲ׵ˡ
ܳô˵Ǹ𺣸ȴ֪Լһȥ֮ǳλãЩԾ
ʱԼλЩȴӲɵ
˶ûа취ס
һ仰ȥ
˵Ǹ𺣸ȴֱðһ仰ûа취ȥŮѾ˵ˣҪҸһȥǵʱֱӲһ׵ˡ
ޡǲм˵һȥġ
ϴҪ𺣸˵ǳȴѾҵ绰ˡ
𺣸һӣֱӽֻӵˮȥˣ飬Ĳˡ
Ҫ˿𺣸ôܼҵΪֻǻ
ֻʱ򣬸𺣸ȴû룬֪ʲô˼


201 عƽ
ЦݵĿŴ⣬Կóʮֵĺá
ΪһЩ飬֪Լܿͻһֻ
𺣸Ϊô׾ͿߵˣҲʲô˾ܲҵǰ㶼Ҫҿõģһţࡣ
Ѿ׺֪ܶ࣬˼ôȡԼѣҪԼûʲôµĻǸ𺣸Թûá
˶벻ףһֱΪֻҪ𺣸ĵλпܻ᲻
һʼԼҲһ֮УʱԼûзӦҲΪ飬һ϶û˯顣
߳ǸѾо
ӷ߳ʱ򣬳պͳ˶ЩĿǱ룬Ŷ죬ǷŽȥ˭֪˿̳鿴ʮֵĺá
ܵûɣĵʵϸ˳һ֮˵ôоӵľ񡣡
ⲻǸоԺò
ȴЦ˵ҲܻʲôǺֱӵıų˵Ӧ㣬ԺҪ𣿡
Ѿ֪ԼĵܵܣջǱܵĽԼĵܵܡ
ҲûʲôųЦ㣬ĺˣѾףҾңҪô顣ԺĵܵΪǿˡ
׾ͺá
˰ɣҪʲôҸ
˶ᣬֻ˵ҲֻгԿѣ棬ǸŮ
ĶӵĶˣһ˵Ҫ档
áտųЦŶ׼ȥ򣬵˭֪ȴһ˵һȥҪԼ
ԼЩˣȻ˶֪һЩԵģôҲ顣
ⲻΪԺýԼѧᣬǡ뵽ʱǺڰ飬Щʹֻ䣬һӶԸжһΡ
⻰˶ΪȻϾµֶΣȻ˵ѾԽԸܵĽޣȴҲ˿ԳԵġ
ãǼһȥ֮һҪǵ˯
֪һϵĶû˯ĵ˵⻰ȴ˵Ȼˡ
ˡ
ȴųų߳ȥ
һ߳ȥ˵ʱʮֵĺгЩ˶Ŀתġ
˵Ǹʲôģ
ҿôżôôг˵£ѣ
ʲôⲻǳֻ̼ôطģ
һЩĿǣҪ֪֪ȣΪº褴ﵽ۷塣
ֻҪ֪ˣǶ뵽ǽµѡ
ǲ֪ЩˣǶǴ˵֪һЩ顣
ǲǶĲˣŪһЩ
ЩֵˣǶһֱųǡ
ǳһ˿ųʵ
ǰůЦݣмֿʵݣǸм߶ɵۣ飿
ĻǸ߲ŷӦԼҪһЩôͻȻأ
ˣЦĺǺÿ
ЦЦ𣿡
мͻȻųʵҪðǳȴֱЦ
ȻҲǺйϵҪЩ飬ǰˡ
һһ߱ųĸ첲ЦݺۣһЩ˿˵ЦݣһЩ˿˵Цݡ
ÿһ˿Цݶֻͬһȴǿ϶ģǾǳЦݺˡ
лλǳС㣿
߿֪ǰЩʲô飬ôҺ˵ġ

˵ҽ㣬ҪֳʲôŮҪȻҿҪ鷳ģҪûʲô飬Ҽˡ
ƽ׽ˣΧɵۡ
ҵװⶼʲô飿ǳϼŵүôо˺һͨˣ
ʲôͨˣȫһ豹ˣˣǺûʲôţǸʲôŮˣŶˣǸͮ
ҵ֪ȥ˭
ϲֵ˺ܶ࣬߷লľԱҲһЩ񶼳űȽϹ̬ȡ
ûа취˭óһֱǷ˼֮ǻţÿһ飬ǶгӰ
ֻҪ֪ˣǶ׳һǲʲô򵥵
һ·ǰУȥ˺ܶĲɫ
ص棬̲ס˵˵һӣǵһ˵ˣ
㣬⻰˵ģҵЩ֪㵽Ǹʲôȴ̲ס٩Ҫ˵ˣҲǸˣΪڳǰҪڱǰʲôҪαװĺܺá
˵ϲʲô˸֮ΪŮ񣬵ܵ˵ȴϣԼԱֵĺһ㡣
Ҫ֪Ůˣʱʱ̶̿кܶڿţһһС⣬Ƕܻᱻ޷Ŵ飬ôûа취ܡ
ԣںܶʱǶӲԼ
ˣСӣҵ˼㲻֪˼Ҳ֪պص˵ĳȴ˵˵ʲôصĻﰡһ仰׵ġ
Ͳ㡣
ͬ˵
˵֮󣬶˴˶һۣ·ʲôɸ˵ܡ
ȴʲô֪ʱóԵġ
սҲûпţ˶ȥæ㹻һ飬ȴʮֵЭ
һСʱ֮ڽóԵĶˡ
ЩԵĶ̲סʳָ󶯵˵ԺҪúԵģָоĺãǱЩɽ亣ζò֪١
Ҫ֪ЩܶʦıʮǳȴǸоڼԱȽϺá
ϲڴĿų붼ûĺݺݵͷ˵˵ˣԺֻҪʱ䣬ÿһһķˣԣ
ҪԼԼԼ˵Լʲô˼ˣҪ֪һͽһ֮ǳôǺͽһġ
ϾҶǳˣʱ䶼ȽϽţпÿһڶŵĳ
ųգЩ죬Ȼ֪ԼĽ㣬Ϊʲô˰ˣҲûж룬ϾЩ飬˳Ȼġ
Ҫ˵֮ǰǵĵܵܣʲô鶼ûа취˵
ڶǵĵܵܣǽԺͳһĻֲֺΪ
Ҫ֪ǱȽǷĵˣǸ֮⣬ΨһһԸоˣԼĽ˼ҲԼҲǱȽϺõģ
ն뵽
ɲ֪Լʲô뷨
һ£Щ鲻ſڿӾͿԵģ˵飬ǲŶˡ
Ǻ֮ŵͷ˵ãֻҪطҶǡ
˵ãӺɷôҪ˵㻰ϵЦݣһӾͿԿ
ǿ϶˵Ȼˡ
ȳԷ
˵ڻûеԷЩ졣
ʱ˭ô࣬гԵʱǾͳԡ
ʱ򣬶Ҫô顣
һٷСʱ
ǽԼĶӸǳöɳţôԸ⶯
ڳǰʲôԷſǳǲŵڴá
ǹ˼ɵ˴˶ŮûʲôѪԵϵĻ׼Լ·⿪һЩ


202 ˼
˼һЩ飬ȴֱӽԼ·⿪һЩĳԵ̫š
ܵܣ׼ʲôʱ򽫽¸׷
ͻȻ뵽һ飬ϾɶѾ𣬾ҲȶҪڶ˸һ˭֪»᲻ʲô
ŮŮˣҪ֪ڽһ˵ʱ䣬Ҫһ˶Խ³Ļ˭֪Է᲻ģ
Ҫ˵£ûа취˭
ϾǳȸģҪ˵һﵱʱȥͼ仰Ľ
ϧǳʲôû˵ýô죬Ů˳Ҳʲô⡣
ȴһ˵֪𣿡
ڳӦûԼ˵һЩ飿
Ļȴǿ˵Ƕûа취ϵһȥһƯŮ֪ǸŮ᲻ᷢʲôʡ
оǸŮģһʮֵޣЩġ
ܶʱ˶ǻܵӰģǳ˶ˣҪ˵ˡ
ͻȻ뵽ƺ˵Ҫһˣһˣ
Ǹ˽ʲôְʵֲһ䣺ǲջƣ
Щȵʵôһϣô֪
ǺǻƺɵĽ㣬֮ǰµľˣǸһһݽɫΪ׷£ȻϧٰΪǻֻ»ԽһЩ˼빤
Ȼƺɵʱ˵ǲ˭֪ʵʲôģĶЩǡ
Ļտų˵ҪҪ˰㴦һ飿
áȴǲͽµĹϵЩӣԼɣȥ١
á
Ȼ˵ãȻŮ飬ǲеͿ˵ס
㣬ҪʲôϲˣʱҪ˵Ұȥôܵ˺
⻰˵ĺͻأö֪ôӦ
Ƚϻõĳȴųĸ첲˵ңôжϳЩһǲ
Ҳһ壬Ⱥֻ֣ҪĵĺǺʵģǹư˾Ųʮ
һ仰˵պͳ˶Щ̲סЦ˵ʲôҿΪʵˣû֮һŮͣûгԣֱ͵㴲ϣ㻹ûгԣŮҲˣҪ֪ʲôӦҶΪϲˣ
һ仰˵ЩΣԼǲԣûа취Ժ
һˣǾɢ飬ûб֮ȥԼȥǣ߻һʮֵأǾԼڵôǿһûˣԼô
ֻǳҲ˵ôҲһˣôҲһʲôġ
Ͼ˵ҲʮӵĲǣ
ЩһѾ㣬˵ϴѧҪʲô
ͻȻ뵽ԼѾȥѧǱߣÿһ춼˯ƺԼҪģҪҪȥ˯Ļڼ滹Ǹ
ôͻȻЩ׵˵˼˵㲻ɣ

Щã˵ҵҪѧУ澲һʱ䣬ϾһֱҶڴɱɱ֮жȹѧУΧôûиܹ
ľóһźȴôûа취ҵԼĶλ
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ŶЩҵʱ˲ʮſѧһԺǽʱ˵ĶǸ˵һ٣ֺķѶʱ䣬ŽЩԸѧ꣬һ㶼ʮѧһ֡
⻰ҫȴҫӵĿɶļһǲˣ
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ȥĻǶ֪ôԳˡ
Ŀ˵˲ôЩʱѧϰǱȽϿģȻ˵ѧϰһԣҪǰ»ѧĻǵʱִ¶ţ۾
ǣΪʲôô٣ѹţ˭£
ûʲôĻֻ˶ʮѧԡ
Ǵ֪ʲôˣǾ͸һѧԣ׵ѹЩһõѧȻԼȥŮûд
ʹΪŮն˵ôһŮ˶ʹ޵Ļ
Ů˽̵ȥŮ˵ģ
ԥһ˵ǿ
Ҳǿ϶ĵͷ˵ʱҪҪҸһЩӣʶĺܶӣʼҪк֮ܶĴڡ
⻰ҪǱŮ˸Ūзݣڳ˶ûиоʲôԾ飬ǲӦúصŶԣ
ãЩ鶼ǲʱҿʲôˣ⼸ܻҪһԶţʱҲҪעⰲȫ˵Ҳ˼Լʲô
ڳԶţȻǽ𺣸ôһҪǲʱǸô죿
Ǻģڳ߿Ѿƽ˾Ϊпʱ̣ȴݣ֪ڵȴĻᡣ
ȥͿԣôˣôչԼҪʲô飬㲻Ͱְֿڣ˵
ıȽϺãͳ̻˵ĹϵЩЩ鶼˵ͺãʱ¾ǡ
Щжĵ˵ͷ֪Ϊչ˼ҪȻҲ˵
ˡ
ҪȥԼЩֵܣϾôĴս˭֪Щֻʲô
á
˶Ŀų뿪֮ȴǿųʵһҪǵĵܾܵͺˡ
㣬ҪǵĵܵܣĻһˣڻûгԼĹâǶѾԣҪŹâҾͲţ˼뿪
ĺףҪԼĽԳûʲô˼һͲôֶȥ
ʱջû˼ȴǺܿ϶˭
ʲôʵİͻȻ˵Ĭϣÿ˵˲ܹ޸һˣʲôԡ
ֹңֻܶ¶Ѿоֻߣ˵
ĻóյЩء
˳ȻȴתȥʰӵĲо֡


203 ټ
ųֱȥһЩ黹Ҫ˵ģҪȻ˭֪ʲô
ȥʱݲ裬ûа취ڣڰţмϢôһǶûʲôôΨп֧š
ƽ˯ıȽʲô鶼Ҫģ˯֮ǰڸпҺõʱǽҪǸԼĻǲҪ顣
Ҫ֪ЩѹȽϴ󣬶һкܶҪǴɱɱͿԵġ
ҿô
һʼ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬵ͷ϶ǰͷʱ𾪵
˯ĵ̺ƽ
Ƕǿ˫ۣ̫ˡ
ϴôͻȻҶΪ˯
ƽЩȵʵôûа취ó˯ŵģڶ飬˭֪Ȼ
Ȼûƽô뷨Ҳ֪϶һЩر뷨ҪȻҲڲ
ʲô֣ƽЦ㲻Ҫô࣬Ҷûôࡣ
ƽŷ֣ԼЩ࣬ϴʲôҪ죿
϶Ҫ죬𺣸飬Ҳ֪˵ʲô鶼Ѿգ飬벻˵
һ˵⻰ǶסǶ֪𺣸飬ǿɴСܵ˵ҪǳĺأҲûа취˵ʲô
ܶʱй֮֮ǲΪԷûʲô£ΪԷ̫б£Ųòɱ
𺣸ڵĴһҪ˵𺣸ûб£˭š
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˵ʲʣͳģǿݵ¸𺣸
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˵⻰ʱ򣬵̵Ķڿ֪Լ˵⻰ĴʲôҪǳҪŪ𺣸Ļ϶ᱻģôҪԵԼġ
鸴ӵ˵ϴ󣬸һ·ûйҲпͣ
⻰˼ԣΪҪŪ𺣸ҪȻҲʳЩ
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˶ôһ˼ó̲ס뵽𺣸ǵȴǲҪԼôһɱĵĻǾͳ˵̬ȣԼҪŪ𺣸
ԼˣԼҲԺ󼸸ʲôȨ顣
ЩһͲܹúңҪôһһĻһΪƴЩԲеļһңҸ𺣸Ǹ˵Ҫô׾ߡҲﻹס̯Ӱ¸𺣸ûл㶼ѾҿǲԸԹ
⻰˵ЩҪûһ仰ǶΪҪ˸ӻôһ仰ʲô˼
û˿֪뷨ҲҪʲô˵֪һ㹻ҳһֱǶģˣҪûʲôνĵĻͱ˸Ū
ϴ˼ǽ𺣸һң
˷ܵı飬Ҫ֪һ˵ԵǸλõʱĵ˵ȫĥ
鲻Ƿϻҽϸ˵绰֪˵ô˵ģȻҹҪҳé®ˣһַһһŮˣŮ˲ôһа취ǸŮҿô졣
֪Ҳֻһڰˣ𺣸֮ǰ֮ѡ뿪ֻѾԤϵ飬ǽ飬𺣸ѾƵ
ȴô𺣸ϢĻᣬҪ֪𺣸ôˣҪǸһָãһֱĻ˵𺣸Ļῴһ׵ĶʱһʲôģǾ
ãģ˵͸ûطţÿһ춼Сʱ˯ߣȥһģʱЩű˸򣬶ӱ˸ĥ
˳ڵ˵̺ƽȴǹĿ
ǿҸʲôЩ׵ʵȴϸʵʲôʱţ
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˵⻰ȴֱ߳ȥǱ߻ҪȥҵģϾ鶼ѾȥҪԼȥǸʲôĻ׸
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ֻȥҵʱ򣬳ҪȥֻһӶ˳ǸӶ˿ų˵ڡ
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֪Ӷ˿ų˵ҪүҪСĻ϶
û뵽һŮӶ˾Ȼ֪Լ飬ͷЩֻ½һԹޣǺܴ
ֻʱҲûа취ϾԼߴȡ
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ˡ¿ָ֮һط
áŽ˵
Ҫ壬ǰɣҸоҽ±ȽϺá
µĻóЩ㵣ʮֲ׵ĿŶԷʵ֪ʲô
ʲôûȴЦЦ˵ֻǴ˵֮еɱʽ壬Щܲס


204 Ը
ŶķӦƽ֪Լݳ类˸֪Ҳֻʱ⣬ȴû뵽ô죬֪ʲôʱ֪
Ҫ֪ԷǴһط֪ô˶֪飬ʮֵĲӦá
ˣҪôֲ꣬ǲ֪ܶʱЩ嶼б˴˵ĶĿһ֪飬ȻǺܶ嶼֪˵Щܣûʲôܡ
µĻóףֻЩǴӺһ
Һµ飿ôؽµģڿƺѾЩ񻯡
֪жٸӣ¿ų˵ż⡣
һ֪ľôһҲûбģѵǰ˻һӣ滹кܶ˽ӣ
һҲѾС˵ҪôļҵǸ˭
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ǲ׶Է˼ҪʲôѵͲֱܹһ㡣
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ֻһŮǿ϶ϣԼŮĺãôһڹĺõı׼ʲô
Ҫ֪֮ǰһϼŵſţȴѾֻһûбˣʧȥĹ⻷ֻһ໢
Ҫһ壬ǵûʲô⽭֮һһû໢
֪ʾһŽʵϲɾ䣬ʲô鶼Ҫô
ǵҲᣬֻһŮҪܵίҸʯ٣ҪǲŵĻԿ˵
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˵ʱֱӴҪý֪˼飬Ѿ⡣
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ͻȻоԼĿںʹҪ֪ΪѾԼĹ۶ַ׼ȷ˵ǹΪ˳ַ
ĴۣǻԸоʲô
ֻǣûиԵȵĻر
¸оԼ˱ˣ飬һ㶼ûʲôоԼĶˣһ޷˵ıˡ
ѵһ仰Ը˵Ҫ֪Ȼûôɽ˺ģȴҲôһá
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Ҳ֪Ҹô˵ȴҪҵжҵ˼һ֪Ƕôİ㡣
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ˡ˵ͷ˵ҪǻߣҲûа취ʲôȻֱȥȽϸɴһ㡣
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±Ϊ˵ܳʱĻкܶĻ˵ǿϧǣȴ˵ô仰ߣӽˮˣ
Ҳ֪ԼãֻҪæ
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˼ҽ¶ѾóⶫҪǳߣԺҪطѡ
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µĻóЩԶԣ鵹ôһϾô̯ƿزˣҪȻҲ֮ôżȥˡ


205 ֵ
ɣ룬ҵǸһҲûʲôҵǽ㣬ø𺣸غһ㣬Ҫ֪˶Ҹ𺣸ĴڣһЩи𺣸ˣǶѾֱӱǲ֪ЩǷ񻹴ڡ
µϢȳ֪ͨ٣Ҫ֪Ϊ𺣸飬ٰ֪ɵ˱ڼ顣
Ͼ𺣸ֲ̫ɵ˶ں֮С
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Ϊ˶Լİʲô˶
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á
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Сһ㣬˵ǱѾһЩרҵɱȥ𺣸ֲ̫ˣ˶ҪŪ𺣸󡣡
⻰˵ȻղŵõľôһϢ
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лѣˡ֪Լǵ鲻ã˭֪·ϻʲô
׾ͺãЩԼŰ죬Ҫʲô㲻ĸ绰ң߻ǿ԰һЩæ
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á
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ҪԺ͸𺣸ʲôìܣֻ¾ΪȨƵ顣


206 ֶ
⻰˵ǳ飬Ҫϳû׵Ļ϶ʲô
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á
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ϴ󣬸𺣸׼ȷλ𣿡ƽæʵֻǱƳģ˯Ժǻʲô֪
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á
ƽֱӽ绰ҵ
ȥǱ߿ƽų˵
á
ǿųܣڿ˵ֶʱ̣˭֪ЩǲҲߣ
ʵϣʱѾһȥѰˣ˶ѾͣҪǿѸҵ˵ĻֱӽһҪǽ˸ץס˵Ļֱһǧ
Ǯʹĥһأ
ÿһСӶˣЩ˶࣬ǶҪûа취ⶼǮ
Ҫǽ𺣸ҵǾһӼʮ룬һ˾Ͷһ֧˭Ը⣿
ֻ˶ƴѰңȴûпǹһأ𺣸һˣܻסϣҲ
ץסص㣬鶼ӭж⡣
Ҳ֪һ飬һĵط
طȽǻһҵꡣ


207 ѰҸ𺣸
ȥʿûˡ֪ҪǸһֵĻǿ϶طкۼֱƽȥˡ
áƽҲ֪ԼȥȽϿ٣Ҫ߽ȥʱ򣬳ȴͻȻ˵ţƬ
ƽ֪ĶҲãӹֱֻˡ
ϰ壬ûпôһ˰ƽϰʵֱֻӵݹȥ
ûпкü˴ⶫѯʣǵˣϰҡҡͷĻȴƽмż
ŶллЩҵѣҲѣֻ߶ˡ
ƽȻ˵ʲôתˡ
ϰ忴ƽߵôɴ࣬Щɻ˵⵽ʲôôôһѵʲôﲻɣ
ûСƽֱӵ˵
ŶǼһȴҲ֪ôҵˡ
һطȥЩ˶˵ûп𺣸һ
ӣûзָ𺣸١
Ϣ˵У򸽽ôʲôˣûҵİ
ƽĶЩˣҪ֪Щ˿ͻѾ׷ɱ𺣸󣬸ղǶѾˣ˴˶ûи˴ˡ
˶ûҵ˭Ա˳źƴ
𺣸ֻû˿ҵĵǽطΧһطȥңҪȻҾͲ˿ҵĵһ
ڸ𺣸ı£ȴһٵĸ߹ô˶ûа취ҵĵ𺣸ֻ֪²ˡ
ô죿ƽЩͷۣҪ֪𺣸ҲȻǲܹȥġ
˭֪Щô˽𺣸ҵǵʱ鷳
롣˼һ˵ЩɽҰɣƾĵطţҪȻܷܲɣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôΪ𺣸ߣʲô⡣
á
ƽֻܹѡ
ƽ·˲һСʱʱ򣬶ûҵ𺣸١
ˣǸһϲ㣬ȥǺӱ߿
ͻȻ뵽𺣸ֻ»ѧϰЩʿ˽
ͻ⻰ƽһ㶣ѸٸųȥЩطˣֻϧǣʲô˶ûҵ
Ǹһȥһط
ƽͷЩҪң˶һʱţֻ¸𺣸ǻᱻ˸ҵпܡ
ڵģ𺣸󵽵ʲôӣҲҪ𺣸һȭǰҵõˣڸ𺣸ǻʬ״̬֪ôҡ
飬ƽ⣬Ǹ쵰飬а취ˣ
ȥҲûа취
ƽóֻȥһ绰𺣸֪صһطʲô취𣿡
ʲô취ǸһҪǶһ취ûС
Ҳûа취𺣸˭ҵõġ
ˣԼңֻɫѾʼ谵Ͳ֪ûа취ҵˡ
ƽ̾Ϣһ˵Ѿ׼ãˣһȥ

ǱҲûʲôð취ֻܹıˡ
鶼Щֻ꣬ô궼ûа취ҲǾҲ
ʱ䣬ǻǺͷ蹷һѰҡ
ҹĻһӾͽˣǻûҵˣ£Ǳѡסһϡ
ǵ˼·ǲǴ˰ڳʱƽͻȻ˵
ˣҲ֪ԼϹûʲôЧʲôð취
ǸСӲһ˶𣿴˿ԲҪôСôҪɣ
ƽۣһóӦҿãǷͷжԣ㲻֪ʲôģһȥһ׶԰ȥҾͲҲˡ
á
ƽ˵ͷϾҲֻܹ
Ϣá⼸춼۵ĺܣҪǽϢãһʲô飬ֻӦ
סƽҲ۵ĺܣڿʱǳڿ˯벻һϢõġ
Ҳ۵ĺܣûϢãֿһĳ
һ䣬˫˷
˵۵ֱͷ˯š
ȴǲ֪˯֮ŵȴһ˳
Щûн棬һߵĵطţΪǶףʱܹݾߡ
Сӣ˵Ǹһ𣿡
ûдϴҶѾֵܿһ죬üǶҲҸ𺣸ֻûҵѡ
𺣸Ǹһﵹĺܱ£ҲûйϵҪŪ˳飬ǶС飬Ѿ˵ˣ򡣡
ܶʱǮƺܶ࣬ЩǮǰĲʲô
ڳ˶ǿûдЩ˶ǳģǶΪײˣ˵ǵӾǱһЩͨϰ廹ѹ
ÿһ춼ϹΣƴõȴǼ١
ϴûдɣҿԷָˡ
ҪҾԸ⡣
ҪǮ
һںܸ˵뵽ǴͷȴЦ˵ЩԲеļһͲ룬ҪǳôɱĻǻǣ
Щٶʲôã˼ҳһˣֻǵڻҵǺϸģʱҪҸһǹŪ˳õֱҸСʡﱻ˱
ϴһʼûǮЩСܣѾãֻҪЩˣǾĸɸɾʱЩǮҲߡ
ҼסˣῴֱӸɵҪһ֣ҪȻʱľǣҲ֪ı£˲һˣôˣô߲ˡ
ϴǹƻЩСЩ̰ĵģܻὫŪߣ뽫˵
ϴĻһ˫۷ĺ
ϴǶǵһˣʲôֵġ
ǻɵǸһˡ
ϴͷİɣ
һϴȴ˿ȥǸ·ǰָ
һŸͷ
˿̣ƽ˯ʲôûиоҪȻҲ˯ôȡ
ҵ谡ʲô
齵ľƵķԱǺ£ǻǵһοʱȴǲҺ
ʲô䣬ҲҷŹǣҪǲ֪ĻԼŰ졣
ǸϴһȺ˽ֱвǸСҲֻ֪Ǿȴǲ֪
˭
Ա˵ʲôʲô֪ԵеǼǣϴ˵ĻҲ̫죬ǸоЩ塣
ҲֵˣҸһ㣬Ҫû˵ĻҾֱ·
ϴɲϧʲôԱмɫǾڵҪǲھ֮ǰŪֻº鷳ҲС
ǵ֪Լкܶʱ䣬춼Ѿ˸кãûиСʱЩǲģǵʱаСʱ
¥һ
ǸԱǿŽǵطϴЩĿŷԱ˵ڴԼûдҪȻĻһһϴģȥ
ϴĻ÷Աɪɪҿ϶ֻ֣һˣҪǻһĲ飬Ҳ֪ЩûʲôԣҪԼЩʲôĻֻ֮඼зݡ
ա
һȺƴ¥ȥÿһ¥㶼ѾǸˡ
Ƕ˯һ㶼֪ΣѾ
ġ
ŪҪȻŪ㡣
˵㡣
һȺ˶Ѿڳķ棬ֻҪһ£Ǿͻ
ֻЩ˶ûǸϴ󷴶óһڣֱӳѾ׼õĹȥ
Щֱӳȥ
˿̣˫ȴ˲


208 
ûпѸվ˯ŵƽȴҲһֻۣǾĿų
˯ʹۣǶֱӳ˯ȥҪȻ˭֪һ֮ûлѹ
ǿ⣬Ȼûеƹ⣬ȴɸоʲô롣
ѸٵߵƽҪƽȴû뵽ԷѾˡ
ôˡƽС
̨Ǳߣ˺ܶࡣֻǿһۣǳȴǸоЩԾʱǽһȽϺá
ƽ뵽ˣֻЩİɣ
뵽ƽѸٵĸųһȥ
ʵϣ涼û·˯ϰߣϾ˭֪ʲôͻ
ҪǵʱҪ··ûдǲǶˡ
˵ĶѸ٣Ӿֱӵ˸ڵ̨Ҳûˣһ˵顣
˰ɣƽųʵ
ЩһƶǵģҪǸŪǲ֪жı¡
ǴĶģܶû˵Щĵġ
Щʲôͷ
ƽԥһ˵鵹ǲţֻȴǲ֪ЩΪʲô׷ɱǡ
ѰҸ𺣸һˣ§ݴ˳ǲ֪Щûı¡
һӾͲ²ЩǸʲôϾ֪ٵ˸Ͳࡣ
Ǵֱɱȥ
ƽĳоЩͷƤëһĸ㣬ˣʵֻ»ࡣ
ҹЩ˺ܿͻŵˣ¥ݿǱȥһ·ȥҲЩ鷳
ɲΪԼȥǻܰȫռ䱻ˣʱҪֱһըܸɴûá
ƽҲʲôѸٵĸų̨ȥ
׵ľ룬һˣЩ鷳ģûʲô顣
˶ѸٵһطԽһ¥ûסʲôˣҲûоʲôˡ
ϴʱ˰ɣ
ûдҪٵȥЩһֻ»ܳ鷳ˡ
ϴǸô죿
һţǶҪ콫նɱ
š
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ǡ
ǸСѸٽŸ򿪣һȺֱװȥ
ɱ
ʲôûпֱӳǱӿȥһӣǱǷӦûˡ
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ÿһ˶󺰣Ƕ֪϶ǸոߵģʱȴǴɱ
׷Ǳߡ
ϴ붼ûغû뵽ķӦȻôѸ٣һӾͿԳߣǶûʲôãΪѾ׼õˣһҳֱ֣ɱ
ֻ̫͹ı£˳֮󣬳ƽѾɱһ¥һģһıҲС˼Ǻֱײ
ϴǳһطȥ
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ȥŪߡ
֪Լĳ϶ûа취ڵǵˡ
ĲҪ˵ЩСܵǺ¸ңһƴɱʹһһŸϵ
˾һ·ƹȥ֮ߡ
ûֵˣĻ֮£Ҫǻֻ֣»Լȫʬ
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ҪˣסǣʲôŪ򡣡
Ҫ°
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顭
ͻȻ˲һףǰһ۵һ£Ѫֱһֱô֮пǹҪһǹе
ȴǽԼ˸ˡ
Сһ˵ǹֵ֪𣿡
С
顭
ǹ˶ֱӰ
ɱǰԼŰ졣
ʱǸϴ󺰵ƽȴǳûɨЩ˵̣ɱȥ
ûѪеֻ˺˵ģͲ֪һ꣬ϴߵ˶׷װγǹƽһطǾֱһǹȥ
ӹȴֱӻԼˡ
һĻĺֻ£Щ鶼Ѿ˸ˣոջСҲǶ
˭Լϴϡ
ǿ֪Լϴ󲻻ʲôǮǵģһˣǾˡ
ƽȴǲҺèţǶֱڳԱ߳ȥҪ˸·Ǳƽһȭͷɳȥ
ǶҪ㣬Щһﶼżһ
Ҳû뵽Щ˸ôҪ֪طǳ򣬺ܶﶼעĵط
Сġ
ͻȻоЩΣգæƽ
Ҳǳոս˸뿪֮ԭλãмӵֱǱߡ
ϴߡ
Ҫˡ
˵Ƕطʲô׷ȥ
֮û˸ͣкܶڱš
ǸϴȴıӶˣû뵽ԼСô̰
ֻȴûԼľٶôˣҪ֪ǲڳϣȴԼ˵ǹ£飬ǲ˵ġ
ƽ˵ٶʮֿ죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ˾ѾһǱߡ

ƽ˵ǸΧЩ˸ɳȥ
ΧҲһЩڣЩһҲΪǮҪĻ£׷ǣóЩ벻ףԼôɱ
䡣
ƽѸٵĽˣų˵ϳ
ߡ
һ߷ֱ֮档
ǰ浹Ҫ·ƽͳĺˣҪǱסѾˡ
˶ҪΪԼĶ۵ģ
ƽֱһţ·˱ܵҪ㶼ûлᣬֱӱײɳȥ
˵Ҫǵ鷳ҲԼʲô
ƽֵ˵ȴǵ˵ߡ
顭
ʱǵĺȴǴܼǹǸϴһȺСֱɱˡ
˵һԺе㣬Ҫ֪ʲôˣΪүүô۸
ƽǳ֮Уʡı˸ɵƽڿäǳٶʮֿ죬ҲյĺȣҪȻײ·ߵĶ
˵ǶǸʲôԵģЩһﶼץס
Ǹϴ󿴼ֱ֮ץסԼСֻȴûпԼСܵЩԾҪɱһ㡣
ϴ󡣡
ʱһһѪߵϴǰ
ʲô飿ϴû뵽ߵʮַŭ˵Ҳûоʲô˼
һ£Ҫ㡣
ǸС̧ͷ˵ע£ϵĲֱӳϴȥϴ󿴼˶ûа취Ӧ
ҡ
ס֡

˶ڴ󺰵ǲôȴûʲôϷ
ѪֱǸϴ֮ǰֱӸǸСһǹ
ֻһǹûʲôãȴͬھ
ǸСڵµʱһǸֵܣʼϴˡ


209 ޹
ƽ˼ʻǧٿ׵ĳڵ·Ϸɳۣ˶֪ղ׷ɱǵǸϴѾȥ
Ҫ֪Ǹϴֻ¶һá
ϴҸоԺǲҪٸֵܳŰģÿһζ˸׷ɱǲˬ
ƽŭ˵ȴǿ˵һ䣺ΪӲ밡ڴ˶ôɣ
ƽŷӦԼЩˣǾһεĴս֮󣬶ûжˣھص̶Щ˸װư
̾Ϣһ˵Ҫżеģٲ㵱򽣰ЩӦòǳеģҲ֪һγԪˣﻹô
⻰һ˵ƽŷӦͻȻ˵ҼǵãЩ˺ǽеİɣ
пܡ
ȻǵˣȴҲڳס˲ʱ䣬Ȼ֪ʲô
кͳڣֻ˴˵ľȴرǱ߿˵ĺܣصȴҲݵĺܣֻҪǮǣǸطʲô
ôһе˴Էǹʺ֡
ڵģⶼʲô鰡ڳÿһ˶ҪҧһڣǾ޿ӡ
ƽЩ߷߲ƽ˵ôǽԼɳеˣʱǲʲôκϽֻʵȴǱȽϲпᣬʲôʲô
ЩҪеĻ鶼Ѿܿˡ
ҪǱ߹ģ˵Ҷ뵽Ǳ߻ṻǺûа취ƿش֡
Ҫ̫ƽʢʱǻûʲôڵĳжѾԣûа취ס
Ҳûа취ǵʱ䲻ˣϴȥﰡƽڲ뵽ԼЩɱ񶼻ûеطȥɣ
ƽĻ̲ס̾Ϣ˵ʱʲôطȥȥӱ£𺣸˵ҪŪ
ĻˣûԼҸ˻ҵôࡣ
˵Ҳ֪ʲôôصôҪ˶ûа취ֻҲҲ
ûа취˭һԣƻŪҪҪŪûлߡ
ǿ϶˵ڸ𺣸뷨ҲЩ²ۡ
鵹ǣЩ޷һӵʲôƽҲΪ֪ɱϣҪ˵νĸ֮ʣڿЦ
𺣸ôˣôͲһ㣬һб˼
ҪǸ𺣸ҪΪͲͬ

ƽʼ˼
һջǾӱߣֻſҵ𺣸
ҲҵҲûʲôģȽϸ𺣸쵰ߡ
˿̣𺣸ڼ棬Ļ档
磬˺ģ㲻ҪȥڿŸ𺣸ʵĶڸ𺣸ı£Ĳˡ
طӵʱ򣬸𺣸˵һ飬Ǿڿʼļ£һжҪ졣
һʼʱڶ׸𺣸˼Ҳ֪𺣸ˣȻʲôرĿġ
ֱô˵Ҹ𺣸ʱڲ׸𺣸ıԶǡ
Һûôͷ¶棬ҪȻֻһӾͱ˸ҵ
𺣸ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ֻҵϴ
ʲôһڳ飬ѾӸ𺣸֪һЩֻһЩȴҲЩر
Ȼϲͣܵ˵ԳĸоʮֲģǴӶԷߣǴӳôԡ
ֻǾڶǲϣ𺣸κϽȥ
ϾڳѾһ̯ˮҸ𺣸ҲŴӳ뿪ãҪֽȥʲôأ
ΪҪǣڲԼǶôģôͬ𺣸ȥġ
Ҳ˵ҪǸ𺣸ѵһѡȥ
𺣸ȴǵ˵ҪôңҪôҪһҶ뿴
Ϊʲôȴû뵽ȻĺĵزⲻӦˡ
Ҳ֪Ϲҵı£ˣ˵ĸԸ˼ߣ˼ҸҪ𣿡
𺣸Ҳ֪ԼĴԲŻĸп𺣸Ļ̾Ϣһ˵Ҫ
ⲻˣҲ֪û˸ҪϹϹıٴҲûáҲֻҪͳأʲô鶼ᣬֲǲ֪˵ĺǼ򵥡
𺣸˵ԼŵĻȴһģŸ𺣸ǻø𺣸ĳΡ
𣿡ȴ֪𺣸ÿһеİãֻǲ֪
ȥˣ̫Σա
𺣸Լ⼸£һ˸סֻ»ȫʬ
Ǿڼ棬⼸಻ȥҪʲôҸ򡣡
ں˵𺣸㹻ǮĿÿһֻҪԸ𺣸ЩǮϢӡ
ˣ⼸캢ӾͲҪȥѧˣ֪ϴ϶Щ׶԰ҵġ
𺣸һҵƾЩܿƵģʱҪʲôǾɼ鲻Ҫġ
áЩôţǲô˵𺣸˵ˣҲֻܹϾ𺣸ϹôҪӡ
ˣҪһӡ𺣸ͻȻðôһ仰ֵ˵ҪֲǲԸ
𺣸ûֻǽıŻеŮˣҪһԺȴǸϳĻĶЩˡ
Ҳо𺣸Щôȴʲôû˵Ů˻㹻Ŀռ䡣
Ǳߡ
ϴʲôǼĺӱ߶ˣǶûҵ𺣸ǸСǲ֪ҪԶǣ
ƽǲ²ˣ𺣸һҪҪȻѾˡ
֪һ϶ô׳Ȼȥͷûôʢʱٳ֪Ǹһ϶֪ҵġ
Ҳ֪ȥʲô鶼ûа취Ȼһ£𺣸Ҳô׳顣
Ҿ飬ֻЩ˵Ŀ궼ѾתƵϡ

ƽҲֻܹˣֱӻسǱߡ
һ㣬ûʲôġ
ҹҪûб˸ɵԼǲǵù飬飬ôԸⷢ
סƽҲ֪ڳٶ̫죬϶кܴ鷳
һѾɢܵĵزⲻ
ϴ˵ȥǻΧ׷½𣿡ƽͻȻ뵽֮ǰԼҪ׷ɱˣ֪
Ǻǣˣ˭ұΪЩӵ˶ǳصİ
֪ڳ˭˭


210 ˷
صеʱѾǰҹʱ
һƬʹǻҲҳǶ֪ΣյʱҪǱЩŪֻҲˣڸصط
ûлؼңѡȥƵסʱȥֻŵǵ˯ߣôܻ
ڶһֱȥѧУûдȥѧУ
ʱҲûʲôģΪѾˡ
Ҳ֪Ҳȥҳ˼ҶѾ̯ӽҪǻҳĻҪʲôã
༶ʱ˶ɵۡ
ҿǲۻˣ
ҪȥƱſˡ
ʲôˣҺ˵һɵĵгĹϵ֪ǲ
˶ηĿųǶ֪ʲô򵥵ҪóЩˣǶ鷳
ⲻǶڿųҪ֪ʲô
ɨΧһۣһϤ˶ûУҲ֪ʲô˲һСʱʱ򣬵һ赹
þò
һ迴ųʵһӦö
ʵϣ˿ط˷ʱ䣬Щʦ̵ĶѧԣҪĶǸǼ򵥵ĺܡ
Ϊʲô
Щ׵ȴһЦ
֪Ϊʲôط
Ϊʲô
ɵǣ˼ҵһ˭˵Ҫ֪ǵصϴǵһɽ֣Ů˽һ裬㶼׵Ļҿǰ׻
ҿ˵Ҫ׷һ裿ҪĻǾǾϢ
һȺ˶۷׷ף͵һȴ˿飬ǶʲôͨˣҪС鶼⣬ǻҪ
оôŵһʵ֪Էӿ϶ȽϺùô˵ԷҲһһ֡
ԣһ˵ɧҡһڳǰǰ޽ɵġ
ֻ⻰ȴЩһֱڹעߵɵۡ
ʲô
ҿû
һ边ȻҲһ
Щ˶ʲôըһ㡣
ȴЦ˵Щ˺ܳԾĸо
ʲôԾͳԾҾģҲû뵱ʲôرŮˡ
һָ˵ֻżᡣ
ˣһûУôˣڳѾ֪Լ˵ŮֻǳȴǲףǼ˵ʲô飿
ԳбȻҽ˸͵ǰ
Ǹ˰ǺǣЩֻȴûѧڹںͼǱæ飡һǲм˵ǻ˵Ůˣûа취ʲôעȤ
ǰٷְٿԿ϶ģΪһɽֵŮţҲı¡
һʲôջûУ
ͻȻ˵ĵҪ֪һγн죬ҪǵһɽֶûʲôõĻĿԻؼҡ
طֻǻ·һ
飬Ҫ˼ʵĻһ˵ûʲôջ񣬵ʣҸ㣬϶ˡһʮֵĴɵһӱɵһкܶĹԱǣȥ˵طǷһ㣬鶼С飬Ĵ飬ǾǱߣһҰвٵĽ
νŮ⣬һ㶼١
ڵһ趼ûкͳʲô飬ȴǽԼӵЩܶһɶ飬˵á
ûжٸоֻ̲סпһ˵Ҿ֪ϲ
ϲʲô繧ϲ߲쿪ʤ
һĻóмִ㵣漴˼˵ʲô˼̾Ϣһ˵˼Ҳ֪㻹֪𣿾ģ쿪ʤ໢ﲻɱѾǱ¡
뵽ԼѾǺ
ǸҲûʲô취ǺʤԹǶҲ鷳
Ҳ̫ǫ飬ˣǱʲô飬֪ǲģ
˺Χ˶Щ룬Ҫ֪Χ˶ôϷô椵ʱȴ˵ڵľơ
ĶЩˡ
Ҳûа취λԴͬҪ˵飬ҲҪ֪ô˵
鶼С飬˵ʲôΰʲôֻ֪ǴһϿΡ
һȴЦطĿγ̶ʲôðȥͼݿ顣
뵽ԼûʲôҪϿǰɣ
ĺ͵һ˵ģǵǺ顣
뵽ŵһ˵ȥͼݿɡ
ߡ
һ˸żҪ֪صͳĻᣬЩ飬ôôദĻᣬǲ
ҿޣЩ޷ˣôھȻҪѧϰ˼ҷͼǿҪʲô
ʲôԺҪȥϼŵĻǿ϶Ҫˣûп֮ǰǳˣֱתѧ𣿡
ǣֻû뵽һô㣬Щ޷һﵽôİҪı£һҪôڣ
һԳĽЩȴûʲôӦֻǾǱ߿飬ǿܳôģԺԼҪԼȥܶģڰ˼ʲô˼أ
ˣ˿ȤΨǵ˲֪ɹˣˣΪԼļ֡
Щ˳ɹĲ˵Ǵ󲿷ֳɹˣԼļֵˡ
ҶΪÿһ죬㶼طҡͻȻǲҪ˵
ġ
ֻû뵽˼Ҽ˻ôһ仰
ЩΣû뵽Ϸ˼ңڱ˸һ仰˵ǸоЩԾ
뽭𣿡
һ֪ĺܶ࣬ڵܶ˶֪ͽµǶԷ֪
ʲôλŵһʵôŮˣĲô׶ԸģԼֻǺͨѹϵҲǺ
ǺǣҼҰҪ飬ҼҲҲ飬ҼҲǿȡ
һ˵ǳȴǺһ档
飬֪˻ĽҪֻԵõˣȴһ
˵
ͻȻԶһͻȻһź߹붼ûһֱӴȥǽźͳײһǸֱӵء
ϡ
ΰǿڵû붼һôҪ֪ղ͵Ϯһ۷ˡ
˵
ߵΰǿǰ˵һЩмŭҪûзӦĻֻѾǰСһ߷ɳȥˣ߲жзݡ
ڵĳ㵹гϢˣҪ˰ɣΰǿҲ˲ʲôģųŭ˵ʲôĺ
⻰һ˵Χ˶ųˡ
ʲô
ΰǿ˭йϵ𣿡
ϣҼǵˣ褻һ㣬ǵģǸ𣿡
ͻȻе˵һʼ۷׷ס
ΧҲԽԽ࣬ڿͼߣЩ˶ϲֵģܶ飬ǲҪ˵ʲôֻҪֿҶ
ɫЩġ


211 ѵΰǿ
Ҫ֪˸Χţڳ˵кܴӰ죬Ͼڵľôӣһһᱻ˸ţ˭֪᲻°
˵ΰǿͳһȥ֮ΰǿûá
ЩȴҪųϾô֣ǻҪġ
Ǹվס˵ӹģȻûһΥ˼
뿪֮ǲγѡ
ҿղŷʲôˣôһᱻһǳ⵽ʲô
ˣһﻹʲôҿǲ㱻Ҫ֪ҿǸһȥصصˣ˶һֹ˵ʲô£
֪֮ղģҪΪˡ
ȥģҪҪ𿿽ǡ
Χ˵һȴչ¶Цݣų뿪ķ˼ԽԽ㣬㣬Ҹô죿
һڱ֮ͶԳЩ˼ֻҲڵԼͳûпܵġ
˵˴˵ļͥʲôģ˵һﻹڣûпλ
Ҳܺôֻôѡ
һҲɵɵʲô֪ȥ飬һֱ֪֪˰սʤ֪ŮˣԶŮκ˺飬ǶܹС
ȻĻǲܹ˺ԷͶԷǰ¡
Ҫ֪ڽһչĸ߷ڣҪǸ㹻Դǽ¿϶Գһߣȥ׹Ǳ߷չпܡ
ȻÿһҶԼԺĻǻȴǷ·һ˼룬ֻҪȥһȦǾͺʲô˲ģ
Ҫǽ¸ͳȥֻ֮½Ƿ񻹻Ƕ˵
飬һᣬЩһ㡣
ʱԼŬµҵƵǱߣһжпܣֻҪºͳ鶼ӭж⡣
˿̣ȴǴΰǿһûʲô˵ĵط
֪㶼ڸʲô𣿡
ΰǿؿ˵Ҫ֪ղǸҪ˵ûʲôӰ죬ǲܵ顣
ΰǿ֪ԼղʲôӰ죬ŭĿų˵֪ʲô𣿡
ʲôЩŭˣҪ֪ղţ˸ϮûбߣڻҪǰɣ
ңʲôҳҷǺҵľˣ
һֻֽΰǿ˵Ǹ꣬ҪǿԵĻҪŪǰ˵
ղô˺ôһ仰Ҫ褵ĹϵҪô
㲻Ǻҽ̸㾹Ȼ˵ĻǲҪˣΰǿȴдʵ˵ʲô캦һ㡣
ĻȴЩŭ˵˭ģңȥˣҺ̸ôܣ
ôû뵽˴ĻҪ˵ͺ̸ͮţϾֳţǺ褣ôͬġ
ʲô˼Ҫ𣿡ΰǿȴĿųȻϲǰĽ򣬵ôԸ⿴ʹᣬһҪǰ˸
ⲻ˫Ÿֱӳ߹ȥҪ߲С
ֻǳˣôܻᱻ˵
ⲻһΰǿ߿ˡ
ǿΰǿ˵У㵹ˣֻҪһ仰˭㣬Һ̸ģ
˵㲻֪ҽķ䣬һ˶ܹȥ𣿾ҪȥǶҪģ㾹ȻֱӽȥңҪûôԽȥ
ЦģֻΰǿĻ鶼Щأΰǿʵ˵ʲô
ʵϣѾ²ʲôȴôԸ˵
ϾЩ飬Ҫ˵˭ûа취رܵģ飬ôԸˡ
ΰǿȴǲ֪뷨ֻǷŭĿų˵ҶѾ˵ʮף㻹Ҫô˵ǲǲϣҪǻֱ˵£Ҫطʵġ
ΰǿ˵ôûа취褣ҪûʲôҲǺ飬ֱֻ϶ʲô顣
Щص˵ΪҺҸ㣬Һ˵涼ΣҲ롣
Ҳΰǿ̫һʶ֪ΰǿûӵˡ
ΰǿų˵ȻҾֻܹ򡣡
˵⻰ΰǿֱһͷײ·ҪײԷһţʲôҩԾȣǾԲûҩ
ƽ㿪һΰǿϣҪʰ˵
ֻһֱûлᣬлᣬҪǲһһ٣ǶԲԼ
ֺǴһŽΰǿ߷ʮס
ΰǿڵϷ˺üףȻһŵʮִ
˵
ΰǿȻʹ࣬ͷϵˣϵ亹ֱóЩΰǿûһ䣬˲á
вȻҼɡ
Ҳô׾ͽŹ֪Ļ᲻ࡣ
ô褵ĵܵܣôҸʹ˰ɣ
ʱ򣬳ֻܹôҲýһһ٣Ժˡ
ЩʱЩͲʲô
顣
ΰǿʱ򣬳һţֱӽΰǿ߷ɳȥصöڳҪطѧУȥһУϾѵá
˵
褿ųЩƶľֻûʲôãǱŰһŰˡ
ΰǿһΣʹһΣˣʲôϧ֮飬Ůˣǲϧ
˭ףǸҳŮˣǶбµģҪԼϧʲôģǾԼǹֲ˭ġ
Һƴˡ
ȴֱӳͽһ򷭣һŲΰǿ˵ҪɱˣһַҾûмôԲеļһҪƴ㵹ֱ󺰳Ҫʲô
⻰ΰǿɫЩѿûеΰǿӦȴһŶΰǿĸ˲ΰǿ³ˡ
ֻЩѪҺϺȵţʲôġ

ҲĿ٣ҪȻҪС
ȿȡ˵
ΰǿҲû˵Ĵһ˵ǿԶ־Ͳᶯ죬ֻ飬ֻǻıôһϰߣתΪӶڲֶпܡ
ʲôû˵£ȴյĲģˡ
ԶոճһŸĵһȴǿ˳ٶȺͰԵôû뵽ȻгˣȴοϾгļһҲǱ¡
䡣
ΰǿһ߷ɳȥ
һǲףҪʲôҪ֪ȥΰǿ϶طġ
Ҷ֪ôɵܵܣҪ֪ұѾΣķˣô˿ң㾹Ȼֳôһ飬Ĳǰɣ
һ仰ȴΰǿΪԼҽڣôܻẦҽ㣬˵ѡ


212 Ӳ
ǲңûʲôϵҾֻһ仰ҪҪ̸ûйϵҶ磬׵ġ
ΰǿ˵ҲҪһͽתȥ
һµˣֻҪĺͽһˡ
Զһ˫ȴЩ⣬֪ֳĺĵˡ
һ仰ΰǿ֪ʲô˼һȴ׳˼
˵Ҫҽ㣿
ΰǿǲ׳˼Ҳ˵ֱһŹȥоԼһѵɳֻҪʲôû⡣
㡭
ΰǿ˵ʲôʱ򣬳ȴǼ֣Ҳ֪ЩѨģÿһζѡΰǿΪʹĵط֡
Ҫ˵ΰǿʲôŵ㣬ǾӲͷ
ûдǳЩ˵ӲĲǸǵġ
оһҪĽࡣ
ҪԼǶҪΰǿȴһ仰ûк
ҵһһֱŰΰǿ
һȴǱ߿˺һЩ̵߹˵˰ɣΰǿУô˵ҲǴļ̳֮һ
һֱ֪һȴǲ⣬ûа
˵ûүôˡ
ΰǿڸоԼͷʹֻȴôԸڳǰģ
ο˵ȻԺһкܶʱ棬׵ġ
˵
ΰǿǲ֪ôʹҪ˵Ƕûа취˵١
ɡ
ΰǿ˵֪ԼǲΰǿʲôģԷ϶ʹ֮ĸо
ڽǸȥˡ
ҪΰǿеĻһ顣
ĲҪ˵ΰǿҲ֪ǻ࣬ı˸һֱţոձʰ֮߳ûһٲľ룬һȺסΰǿ
һɫͷļһ￴ΰǿЦϣǵΰǿô·ôһƵİ
飬Ǳ˸˰ɣ
һ˿˵ĻȴѸ˵Ĺʲôֵÿĵ顣
ҪȡЦ˼ңҪ֪˼ҲǺŬģٱ˸ôŬûбµʱ򣬻ֱӺƴⲻǱ𣿡
ΰǿȻ㶼ֵҲҪһֵϣյ鷳ȻҪ鷳
һȺ˵˼仰ֱ֮Ӻΰǿϡ
˵ΰǿ˵Щʱȴ˲󣬶Ǳ˸һ٣ҪʲôĻԺôûа취ط졣
͵һں棬˶ЩһΧΰǿ
㲻𣿡һ迴ųʵ֪ˣôС۵ˡ
Ǻ飬㲻֪Ҫ֪˸ζԺҲһЩҪȻָʲôʱǵܹǵˡÿһԱƱΪȭͷԴ˶ˣҪʶĻͷÿһοңֱӶ֣ΪԼһǿߣ
ΰǿ飬ǾǶԷһĳ֣ÿһζҲûһ顣
ȻΰǿôϲֻܸҪԷܹʱٳ֣Чֻ¶ͬ
ΰǿֻ֪¶һмӣ
һҲ֪˼ĺܣȻ飬Ǿ֤һóӣԺԼͳĺӲǻܴ
ϣú߰
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ͻȻʲôһӾͷֵһɫЩԣΪԷ岻
һҲû뵽ôһ仰һӺߵĽͷɫĺԼѪ
һ֪Լ˵ˡ
עһӾͱΰǿǱ߸ס
ΰǿĵӺ治ٳ
Ҫһ㻷£ҪôƴҪôܣΰǿȴץסǸϴʹ򣬷·ҪǸϴŪһ㡣
Ǹͷ˾ģҲûа취Ĺܿͱΰǿĵܣƴΰǿ
ҲҳҪȥҪ֪ǼȻȴҲûа취סΰǿĽ֡
ҲΰǿԽսԽ£Щηη
ޡΰǿǸͷ־ֱӺҵôˣȻûı£Ϲˡ
ΰǿĻЩ˶֪ôӦҲҼΧΰǿҪ֪ԷѾһѪ
ôǿҪǼȥ˭֪ʲô飬Ҳܽ˸
ث֡ΰǿȴ̲סЦҪûһ㿴ǲث֣
ǿˣҪ֪˼ҳֶô˼ʲôûУ㻹Ҫô
ΰǿȴһӱ̼ĲҿϾɲǳصģҪ˵ôˣΰǿ³һˣҪǻһΰǿֱ˼ң
ɣ
Щ˵Ҳ֪ЩҪߣΪΰǿĹϵЩ˶ߡ
ĻЩ˺ʲôһ㣬һƴܡ
˵Ǹߡ
ΰǿȴŭĿЩˣҪ֪Щ˶Լܵģȴһ³ʲô
˰ɣҪбµˣҪΰǿǵȻĶࡣ
ΰǿǷŭȴֲ֪ô粵⻰ʲô룬ֱӺͳƴȻԶ׼ˣֱӱ򷭡
ȥһ£ҿģҾЩġ
ΰǿ˵ɲϣһ˭֪Щƺǿ׳ļһǲǿиɣ

ΰǿţջǱһŸߡ
һ迴ԽĹ죬ʲôأ
ΰǿСӣ
ҿҾ˵ţƺ壬ǾͲţҿûߣҪȻôʵһĻô
ˣҲҪ˵Ļֲǿʲô
ǺǣߣЩر𣬲ҪǸ˻죬ǻʲôģ
µԭصȴⲻǿһڿһģ
ΰǿоԼǶˣЩһ￴ʲôǲҪӴǡ
ʵϣ˿̻кǿңһѪΰǿǰ棬һƯŮվһЩ߿ΰǿ
͵һҳڿһƤĺӣûдĸо
Щ˱ΰǿĲҿⲻĲ顣
һڱ󳰷Ŀΰǿԭ˵Ҳн졣
ΰǿǲˬûа취ʱĲࡣ
һ·ϱ˸ָָģߵУҽҡ
˸Ѻ͵ߵʱ򣬳ǸУҽʵһʲô
ôˣģǴˣף㲻ΰǿôҲᱻ˸򣿡
ǸУҽҽ̲סҡҡͷҪƪ۵ʱͻȻǰ˵ΰǿʱͱ졣
Щ˲۵ģĻ£ǸҪĺá
ΰǿЩŭ


213 У˼
Уҽģ֪ΰǿΣżֵ٩˵ΰǿ֪ĲͰ
ΰǿʱҪ𣬲֪뵽ʲôȴǱ졣
ǸУҽΰǿһ֮ų˵ڿûʲôҽȥҽԺǱ߼һ
УҽҲ֪ӦһˣҲǺ棬ΰǿļһȻҲᱻ˸˲õš
ǸҽѾ˵Ȼǿΰǿ˵˰ɣȥҽԺֱȥ̼ҵҽԺǱ߸㱨
˵˵ʲôǿҼǰɣΰǿûй˸ҩѵ飬Һûꡣ
ΰǿųֱӳȥȻǲط衣
ȴ̲סЦôʲôãҲʲôɫ˸˵ǵûȥ֪˵Ҵġ
⻰ΰǿٶȸ죬Χ˶Ļһΰǿָָ㡣
ΰǿоԼô꣬ûô˹ֻʱҲûа취֪Լʲô
ˣܹ˸裿
֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ڱ˸裬ǳҲֻܹѭˡ
ΰǿȥ͵һȥ˼ȴûˡ
ȥһ迴ųʵҪͳһ
ڣ
ȥУҡ
ЩɣûеȥʱͻȻǰ˵
ףþò֪ôԼġ
㵹˵˵Ƕûмˣҵ㣬ÿһζûһүҪǲϿΣǿԲģģҺΪѣ
ſһӵĻȻʱ䲻ûпˡ
֪Ǳ£ٱ£ҪҪ飬ҪǲҪ飬һǡ
һʱ˯һʱ䲻ģҪô
͵һ趼û뵽žȻᷢ
ȴǺϵ˵ǸȥУǱߣЩæֻܹӿΡ
˵õһ趼Щ㶣Լ֪ĳ
ȴǸӵĺãȡ֣ǱȽϺá
ߣԼ֪ͺãҲ˵ôࡣЩ˵оֹóЩɵۡ
ֱӳУǱȥǵһûиϾԼͳ˵Ĺϵһ㣬ôҲõߡ
ҪȻָͻᱻ˸˵ǵһڵ׷˼ҳһطҪȥ
һ뵽ĻһЩͷƤë˼ǻǲܵġ
ͻȻ˵ʦҪô࣬ҪЦЦҪ֪ŮԽЦԽ
Ҫô࣬ΪҿԲôࣿſųݺݵ˵
ʲôһ˵ɲãҪ֪Ů˺׾ϵģ˵һʦ̫ҲԼɣ
һ㡣Űų˵
಻Ҳ֪һ㶼ġ
˵ֻȴǿΧûˣͻȻŵĶߴһ
㡭Ҫݺݵʰһ٣뵽ԼʲôûУǸôһ
Ҫĸ̫ίȻЩôԾԱԼ˼
ˣУʲô飿ȴһӽתˣҪ֪һֱ˵ôһ⣬ǿǻġ
ߣ˭֪źŭ˵㲻ܹԶһҪ֪ҿʦʦһʥְҵ
ǿ飬Ҳ֪ڸԼҪôġ
⻰ȴǿ˿Χ˵Ҳ벻ѧУҪ֪ҿÿһ춼㡣ˣûʲô鷳ҪҰ㴦ô
⻰мŭǹĵϷԼ
ȴҲ֪Щִ鲻
ܿ죬˾͵Уҡ
У
źͳͬʱٿصļһ鶼Щĺܣ֪ʲôط
ȳȥҺ˵顣
Уôһģȴһ㶼СǰϼһǸоԷɲ⡣
ǡ
ŵֱˣ֪У˶ѣԼûʲôסġ

Уų˵УǺһ졣
߷УһǿͣˣȻҪһЩˮɣ
ȴǺܲ˵Ҫ̽һǰ˵ĵ
УûжЦ˼Ҷ˵ϼŵү˲ҿ̻˲𡣡
ҲΪһȻ˵˵Լ˲𣬻˵̻ǾͲö֪
˵ģһʼطǲͬġҲףЩرܵ˵һ飬طкüˣǶЩ㣬Ҹˡ
Уų˵мֵȻȻ˵˵Ļûʲô
ȴеͷ˵ûʲôϵﶼûжٴΣЩѧӰҸ󣿡
ֱӣƸУǰ˵ԼӿεˣǾ޽С
Ȼ׵ĺܣ˴ӱ˵ûиҴʲô鷳ǴһǶ˵ļһȴǸһЩС鷳ȻҲһЩ˼·
Уų˵ӳ߻õʲô顣
ŶǸоǰǻл֪ô˵
˵Ǹ飬˵˵໢齨ôûа취һվȽŸ
Уһ仰óЩɵۣһУǲ֪һУԼѧ˵ŵ飬Ϊ໢ѧϰŰ
ܿͷӦ˼ҵıѾ¶ٶԷһͨУ
ô֪ģǱðôһ䡣
ô᲻֪Ϊжʵ𣿾飬Ȼô֪ȴһЩ֪
Уָ˵ȴԽףԷ˵ʲô飬ڳԿ϶ľǣԷ˼ء
ǲ֪˵ʲôֱ˵ɣҲûбҪȦӣУֱ˵˷ʱ䡣
˵ѧУطǸʲô
Уų˵м𣬲оԷƺмֵĳɣҲ֪Ҫʲô
ˡ
붼û˵һֱΪ
ǰˣЩˣȴʼĩãһڿǮﻹʲô˵ķ緶Ľ룬ҪӸѧУ˼ǧΪ
У˵⻰ʱȴмԳĸо
ȴǷ˷ۣҲ֪ҸǮȻ㻹ĥĥʲô
Ӳ׶Էʲô˼˼ǣ
ҵ˼ֻȡǮƣȴûн̵㣬ҺھΣ֪ġ
Уų˵мȫԷھһط
о鲻ԾϼһҪʲô
ǲ룬ҪʲôҸ㣬Ҫ㣬һõˡ
ûԷȻôֱ׵˵һ飬ֻǶԷ϶ҪʧˣȻʲôģȴҲʲôûɫָʲô飬ǻϴϴ˯ɡ


214 У
֪ô̵룬˵ȴ˵Ͼ˶ôαĶҪֱ˵鷳ʹˡ
ȻȫλĽ̵˼ҿ˵н࣬ҿȴҪзҪˡÿһ˵ĵ·ͬȻǲܹһ·ȥˣͬ
ЩץУҪʲôੲݣĺ
ֻ쵹ʱ䣬У˵ͬҸҪ֪Ҫʲô飿
ҪһõˡУ˵űվһ·Ҫһ
ǿУһ˫۵ɵĴġ
УȻǰ޻֮ͱУŲӣӸڷ˵ҪǶԷҪŪ׾ٵ顣
δоԼ˲ƿء
УȴڳĶ˵Сӣоô
ء
Ҫ˵ҲҪ˵ĳ
Ѿ˸ץţǺѣҪ˵
Уȴ˵Ҫ֪ԸЩ˵ʱ򣬹Щ˾Ǻĸо֪ʱҪȥǸ֮ǲܹеģȴΨһĽ취ͬͬ͵ͷͬǾͼ
У˵ʱȴԽԽȻҪǳͬó֪ôſͬ
Ҳһ㣬УͷЩʱЭΨһ;Ķǰֵһᡣ
ô꣬ҿܶˣϧն˲֮·Ȼɱʱĵ·ţҲûʲô·֮˵
Уһ仰ó亹ʹѾԷſǳǸоԼûһ㰲ȫС
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˼ҵӹǣֻһ㶼û顣
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УЦĺأȴˡ
ãʲô飿Уʵ˭֪Уȴתһ裺ϣ㲻Ҫң߰ɣ
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215 ɺ
У칫߳ʱŻڲԶվš
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Ҳ׳̾Ϣһ˵ҪҪȥĻҪȻЩطȥ˵ģʲôѧϰ飬ǿҡ
Ҳ֪Լͳһˣܱ˴˶ûʲôȴ̲ס̾Ϣ˺ˣǲһ
ллϽӹǶ˵
ⲻ㡣ŶЩп鶼ڸı䡣
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ȴһִڳļϣ˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͳô
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ÿһ˶ʶЩʶˣǶҲһԱȽϿɵĻ


217 ӳ
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Ϊʲô飬ȻЩƤЦҿԸ㣬¹ƶط鶼Ѿ㶨Ҳûҵ顣
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Ѿ׼ܴ϶ܴ󣬵Ҳûа취ΪԼС
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ȻԼû飬ǳʲô˵ˣֻǿŽӳ˵³ߣ
û顣
ӳڳϣЩľĿա
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ܴ𣿡ӳȻ֪ʲôŮ˶һĶΪеġ
һ
ǿ϶˵˵֮ȴǷӦЩε˵ղ˵ʲôˣ
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ͻȻӳط룬ȴǶʱѹ޸ĶûУǴ󲿷޸֮ķȴʮ
ɲΪԼʲôţƺһžŮͶͱ
ʲô飬˵˵ɡ


218 ִһ
Ѿ²ŮֻǱ̼ǱЩ˸Ƶ·
ҼҼˣҵļĸҲң԰Ѿûˡ
ӳز֪ô˵Լ˿̵飬ôˣȴǸ޷ҵһߵˣһ˵仰ˣûа취ҵ
Ȼֻҳ
Ӧð㲻˺ܶ׼ô䵽³
뽭ӳӦʱŮǿ֮һȴô䵽˾ˣ
үӵͷˡ
ӳصĺۣүӿǶӵģѾоԼѾ;ĩ·ʱ
⻰֪ԷΪʲô˵ô졣
ֻЩ֪ˣҲΪģ³ĬĬߵӳصΪ򿪳ţ˵ҪԸĻǺߡ
ӳûп˿һûˣ֪Լôߡ
ǰѾûйҰ׷ʱ̣ӳصĺƣ
Ҳõӳش˿̵飬Ҳ£ֻȽӳһ㣬Ǿ֧֣ûǵӳһء
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ÿĿϲ𣿡Žӳص˫ۣ·Ҫġ
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һʼͽӳصţȴû뵽Ů˾ȻǱ
ϸ˽ӳؼۣмֳȵĿŶԷ˵㣬кܶ࣬磬ǻۣ壬ģֻҪԸ⣬ֻ¶ǴҪȢΪޣͿϣɽ𲻳⡣
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⻰˵ûдֻǽӳȴʮֵĴ̶Ҫһ⻰ֻת߾Ͷзݣӳزͨˣ侲ֵס
һ˵ҪҲĵ·ΪҸȥ
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ҪһЩϴ󶼻쿪㶼Ѿɥ֮ȮȻҺ˵
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ԣҿԳ䵱鱨ϵͳ
ӳغ˵˿ȴڷҲ֪Լжô쿪
Щ鱨ϵͳһĶһ˲ǸԼĸȥ
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仰ڶģڶĳ
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ӳҲ֪Լ쿪ǲ飬Ҳ֪Լʲô
ߵӪɱɱ飬ǲҲûʲôҵ
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ӳƣǳȴĲȥԼɢ
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ˣȻ飬ҽ𺣸һ˵ðɣ⼸ͺҽǹͨһ£ǺԸŮǿġ
֪սúҪΪһˣֻֻû˸ָ
á
ӳرϾһˣ֮ʧҲΪѹ̫ˣҪȻҲ
ϳ
ǲĽӳصļԼžֱӵǱȥˣʱͽӳصͬԧ죬ǲǱ顣
ҵļô𣿡
ӳЩ˿̵ȴһСŮһʵкüطȥѡ˳Ϊ֪ûʲô˼ˣҪȥĵطӳضԼ
ӳؿɲʲôСʱ˶ѾҪ˵û˱
ӳظؼҵʱЩıȴЩˡ
ţƺ壬ÿһδӶôƯⲻǷϻҪȻô˼棬氡
ˣǰЩ˴սʱ֪ɣʱ˵һնɱ˼ʮˣǸţƵⶼǱɵġ
Щڿʼ۷׷ףȴǴŽӳسȥ
㣬һˡ
ȻغӳȴмɬԵĶƺڷ͡
Ҳǵһξ飬ӳصǸо治١
Է𣿡
սѾԹˣȴǹĵĿųʵ
ֻڿӳ֮ȴЩ졣
ȴЦŶԳ˵λǣ
ӳأӦüɣ֮ǰһϰ壬е飬ʱסȻҸڡ
Ȼ˵ĽﵱǼˡ


219 
ǽطԼļңȴûǷսôӰ졣
Ͼ˶ŮģһֱŮĻҲǸоЩãҸЩ֪˵ĻǸǻΪطжôĻҡ
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ǴͺãȥϴϢɡտų˵֪ʲôʱģԻؼңǱȽϸ˵ġ
á
һֱۣ·ȥϴ衣
ϴʱ򣬳յķ䴫ŮߴߴЩľŮһطԴһƬ
ҲãʡԼô鷳
ֱ˯ѹʱѾǵڶˡ
Ů˵ûȥᣬԼһЩҪ
죬ȥͼݣȴרſ飬ȥˣЩ黹Ҫģûôĥ䡣

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˶ûʲôţһֱԷʱȴͣȥԷˣǳûע⵽飬ΪһһһģҲãȻԷԷǾ˵Էϧ塣
ˣǸǿµĺܡ
ҲųȥԷɲʱԼĹȣҪ֪ط׾ͻһЩ顣
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ʹټ㣬ǳһ˵һСɵ飬ȴǺ׵ġ
ͼݵʱСϰ࣬Ǽ߿顣
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⻰һҲһʵ
ȴΪһ仰ų˶ԼĸԣˣҪôױ򶯣Ͳᵽ춼ط
Щ϶ĶЩͬʹˣһˣǿԲκϽ𣿾ʱλã˼ҸģҪǺߣȻûжٱģȴҲЩˣΪʲôûλأǶΪ˼һֱͬʹాȴǿϣŹⲻͬ
Ҳ֪ûôױ򶯣˵Ҳ˶Щݵԭ
˶ԹʲôϾǶ֪ǸʱҪûЩ֧֣ʲô鶼
ֻǣȴǲ֪ǺЩˡ
Щй֮ΪԼǶǿԵõԭµģɵĻԽԽ
ȴһ˿Ц˵Ҳ˵ʲôҪб£㵹Ҫûб£ʲôҪ˵

ףЩҪҲûмط˼бҪæ
𺣸쵰Ҫһ
УϻһЩˣҲҪҵģֻǲ֪᲻ôѶԸ
ҲǣҪ׶Ըˣͱ˸ˡ
죬֮СɸֱӳϴȥѰҸ𺣸ĵطңԼҵ𺣸ġ
˭ûиߣȴǸսȥһ绰ǣԼȥˡ
һ·񱼡
ʱ򣬸𺣸Ǳȴǿ׼š
Ͳųôģط
𺣸ҲΪô׳֣Ҫô׳ֻ֣¶Էͳ֡
ڼҴźӣ𺣸뿪ĵطЩƮҲ֪Լ˽𺣸ôһطǻٵ𺣸
ֻǣŮˣԼƽƽȥд
ر࣬ʲôأ
𺣸ĵطԼסĵطոշȥЩնȴһӾ͸оĴڡ
붼û룬ĽЩ
ź漸Ӷ𺣸оЩԾֻȴǲ֪һطԾʲô
䡣
һ۶
𺣸ȴ̲סͷһۣǳǳġ
˭
ٶ̫죬𺣸ûп˭ȴЩľġ
ҲˣҪǳĻҲûʲôҪˡ
ֻ𺣸ת׼ߵʱȴ۷ˡ
𺣸ûжʱУʱĪǿ
ҪǳĻǸ𺣸Ҳ
ǳ
𺣸Щš
Ҿ˵쵰Ȼûд


220 ˵
ЦҲû뵽ԼֻطȴһӾ˸𺣸
ôģ𺣸ԼһƣôôԲУʳĻ
ȴЦȻˣҪʰҿصġ
𺣸ΪֱԼߣȴû뵽ԷῴԼ㣬ʲô˼أ
Ҫô֪࣬ûô˼
ǿ϶˵ֻǸ𺣸ȴЩɲ
𺣸ҲһϵˣȻô֣Ǿ֤һЩԼҲҪ㣬Ҳ߲ˣطġ
طõʱǶٰ𺣸ųʵų˵ٶȿ϶ܿ졣
Сʱֱһ·񱼹ҾΪ˿㣬û뵽ĸôһᡣ
Ǹ˵˵òп˵
Ŷ
𺣸Ҳ֪Լ˸Ҳ飬ų˵ڳǱôˣ
Ҫһ仰ʣǾͲǸ𺣸
ҪˣҸоͷѾķ֮ƽǶ۵ĸһ
˵һĻǸ𺣸ȴǵ˵ͷ˵Ҳ֪ˮƽЩѣҪǹˣǾǻɣûйǾǰҪںƽʱڣƿ԰
𺣸⻰óΪȻôһ˴ûа취
ѾԤϵˣŸ𺣸ʵҪ֪Էǲôб¡
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𺣸ų˵ĵһ㣬Ը̫͡
УȴûС˼
Ҫǻһ˶ڻвԼϴλõĻǿ϶ɱ
ˣӲһŮɸѡû˾顣
飬ȴЦ˵飬ҲֻǶ˶ѣֲǲ֪˵ԸΡ
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û˵ȴٶȿ˵֪ʱ֪˹ط׷ɱ㣬׼ʱ˸ңףҪ֪𺣸һˣֻλöȶʱҾ룬ҪҵλȶסΣҪûȶסأҳҲҪסԼλãֻҪһǿļŶѣҪûа취ģ϶а취ҹġ
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Сǿ϶˵ʲôģԼ֪ˡ
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𺣸ȴôһ仰
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ΪԼж鷳˭ֻ֪Ҫ㶨һŮˡ
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𺣸Щرصʱȴû˯ڵ
ˡ
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𺣸ӦһⱾǺĶԻһ̣ȴǿʵˣ
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飬Ҳ˵ͬʱ䣬Һʶô꣬飬һǿ֪ģ֪Ҳֻǲľطû˰ɣ
ڿŸ𺣸˵⻰𺣸һ˵鵹ûС
ǺǣҪƭˣЩҶ֪ʲôӦҳ˵ң֪𺣸ˣһֱҪһûʲôˣĴ
ҪǸ𺣸׿ڶ˵Ҫȥܻῼһڸ𺣸ûԼҪó˵Щûа취ܡ
⻰𺣸ȴ̾Ϣһ˵̫ˣ˶˵ôо
Ǹ𺣸ĻܶʱΪԼģʵȴЩпᣬ𺣸Σֻû֪ѡ
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Ȼԡ
Ҳ˵ͷҪҿԱ˵ı£ǲԵĻһ뿪طܴһڵӡ
á
𺣸Ҳͷֱϴ˯ˣʱҲˡ
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ֹǸ𺣸󣬾ڶڵȴ


221 
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˵ǽģǰĻǲˡ
𺣸룬ǲûҵʲôæȥˣ
𺣸Ҳûд绰ʲôģϾЩʱȴҲһҸ顣
ûңǸӵĺá
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𺣸û뵽ô磬Ϊˡ
ЩɣŸ𺣸˵
ʮ⡣
𺣸ǿ϶˵㲻𣿡
ҪңΪʲôûɣһ׵ģ˵

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⻰˵ĺǱ΢ǳȴ֪ˣǲΪҪˣΪ֪ôŵһС


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𺣸Щ㵣ȴǽ˵ɵӣôܻ᲻۰㣬Ҫָ֪һܻܵãҲΪԺϼһסԺˣֵи룬ʱһ˵ˣһ϶ͬǡ
𺣸һЦȴŭ˵һﻹûϣѾϲˡ

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ߣߡȻȥ죬ҲʲôҪ֪СĻҷַȥɸ𹫹
Ůɷһ㣬ôûа취ıģŮ˶⡣


223 
ⲻǿҪˣǻҪ㣿Լˡ
𺣸Цţ˵˵ʵʲôģǾֻԼ֪ˡ
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ڻЩţڸ𺣸飬룬˭֪ʵʲô
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ӳûȥЩطͦȤҪ֪ʲôģų˵ãҲȥ

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ǵǻϲĺܣֻҪǿʵĶǶ򣬷еǮ
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á
Ȼ˼ҶԼҪˣҲŲǣ
ĸڳæÿһ˶вͬķֹԵڣΪг
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Ҳôɷ羰˵⻰ǽ棺𺣸Ѿˣǵܿͻк


224 
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ӳҲ֪һ㣬Ϊ˵ˣҪ֪ǿɲǼʮ򼸰ô١
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֪ǳҪܣⱣҪúá


225 
ҪûúãԺʲô飬ǲ鷳
á
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ףڼû˻飬ǳȥ֮˭֪û˻ʲôвǣ˰ˡ
á
һǸˣôһάԼ˵ϰ壬Ҳһ顣
ˣʲôҪ˵ֱӽȥԶȰɣҲ֪Ƕˡ
ЩŮ糾͵ģҲ֪Ǿ;ġ
ų˵ֵܣ̫ˣġ
ǺǣʲôģԺΪҵļ˰ȫܶˣôҲܹܵʲôίɣһٷѣҪһСʱĻƶԳԵĺóԵġ
⻰û˵ǳСʱԲŻ
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ҲԣŮǿˣЩԼʦŮˣǺֻûа취ȵù
Ů˶ͻȥ֮󣬳ȴǴˡ


226 ̸
ǻ֪ԼкܶҪæô춼ûкͺһ棬ҪǸ𺣸󶼱й˻ûеǾǼĵط
ĵطѡһȽصĻҲûа취£Ͼ˵ݶЩر
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Ҫʲôæ𣿡֪ڲҲǽ˼ʹϵǮںܶʱûãڸûá
Եһˣ˭ȱЩǿǱĶ

ʵϣЩգΪǹԮĵزЩΨԼ֪
ʲô˵ɣǶֵܣҲ㣬˭㣿
Ҫȥ֮󣬳Ҳɲ֪١
ѡһҼطŰȥȻڶѾз˵ҪȥˣҸоһȱЩ޷ȥһȥ齨ЩһǸ֣Ҳ֪ôô
ҲǽɿεˣŻ˵飬ҪǺһϺڣ˵顣
˭֪Լ᲻ᱻ˸鰡
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Ļ˵ڻһʦģ׼ͻƣû˼顣ûа취κϣҲΪ飬ҲֻܹȥǾʲôǻЩֵ̽ġ
⻰˵˫һû뵽ԷȻı
ҲˣһĵطױһЩǿ߸ע⵽
Ǹǵһ񣬿˵Է㹻Լ˦֡
ӰǲҪ˵ֻһ飬ǾǶԷϣԼӰ쵽ʲôǵ͵һֱ˿ƣ⵼һλöձ鲻ôΪЩ˶ǿʵȥȡ˼ʵӡ
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µĵطأ֪飬оҪȥǸطȴ֪Ϊʲôһֱԥ
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Ҳû뵽𺣸ô죬ãЩ㲻˼Ҹ𺣸ȴǿԸ㶨
ֵܸ𺣸ڴҵһ飬ʲô
ֱӸܸ𺣸⻰һ˵Ҷ𺣸ڳеĵλˣĳ𺣸ȥ˫ֽסʱľˣû뵽Ȼл￴㡣
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⻰һ˵ЩĿų˵ֵܣֵܹܽң
ûаƣ𺣸Ҳ֪ɻЦⲻһʱطȻˣЩһǰġ
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û飬û֪ЩȴǱߣΪʵ̫ˡ
뵽ǱߵЩͷƤëȻ֪ǸطʲôĻҪԼȥֻҲмʤġ
Ҫһȥ𣿡
ʵĵı飬ҪǿԣǾͲͬҪǲԵĻ鶼ûа취
Щ鷳Ҫ˲ңԺ׳ֱ⣬ǸҵжԵ棬ֻ鷳󡣡
ҲһֱȥԭҪ֪ǸطѾΣأҪǵʱ˸ڻˣǿ޶֪ʲôطȥޡ
Ҳ֪һ漰Щڶʲô飬ǻĿ¡


227 һ֮
ԸŪһݣа취֤ˣоҪҪǵʱʲô
ôڣҪǺһȥҲ˼ȥǸλãʱҪϵ˵ͷ۵ˡ
鼤Ŀųջ̾Ϣһ˵鲻ҪˣҲܹΪԼ㣬ģǸطΣա
Լûа취ЩΣո˵ΪǸطľҲȶһЩӵĸӡ
ҪԼߵ˹ȥҪôǱԼ˸ɵҪôǱЩ˸ɵ
ʵϣܶ˼ĺܣҪ֪ЩΪνʤǽǲֶεˡ
ǿõֶΣǶãڻʲôǲġ
鲻żǸʲôʱоһ¿ԡ
𺣸Ҳû뵽ӿڵô죬֪ʲôˣ֪᲻ᱻ˸ӲŰ
һµʱ䣬Ҫǰ챨ʱҲ൱Ľŵģ·ڶûиˣҲˡ
ҪЩϵͲ֪ôһ飬֪֮ȴûʲôá
ϾԼ֪ԼԻʲô
׼˵ʱˡ
ˡ
оǺһ
𺣸Ѹȥš
ȻǺһ𣬲ڵĺһѿ
ֳôˣ
Щʵ˿ȥʮ궼˰ɣ
һͷ׷ټһͷĶóЩë

һȴǸпһ˵˵ˣʱ۵ҪԴɵ֮û˭վסģѡЩɣѾ˸㶨ˡ
һ⻰һ˵ڳ鶼Щء
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һҲû˵ģڼ˶ǡԼˡټϽЩãֱӱ
⻰ȴգʵΣ
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˲֪ˣطƽϢˡ
һЩ飬ҪôƽϢ飬ֻ½Ͳô鷳顣
ȴǿźһ˵һھҪˣϾһֱطפҲǰ취Ҫûа취Ļֻǻһ
Ѻһֻ⻰˵һѹûôһ˵صڼ磬˶оһһֲ̺˶ʮҡ
Ĳܹͣһʱ𣿡һżε˵Ҫ֪һЩӶˣûа취ƿؾƣֻд鷳
ǻȥһǿ϶
˶֪ʲôû˻ỳɣһطûа취ƽϢһʲô³
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ҲѾſһЩ쵼ĻǾǺһطôôΣҪûа취ʰо֣Ǿʰ
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ʱ˵оûпԿסˣҪ֪֮ǰȻɺ֮ӦûһЩ˵İɣ
һƴҡͷ˵ûˣʱΪѡЩһֱӽЩһˣЩһҲǶӯֻû뵽ôӦ
պأ˶ֻ֪»úһˤ
ֻҲûа취˭úһԼ㡣
Ҫһֱȥݱʲô棿ϣطҲǺĵĳıߡ
ֹҪȻֻ»ݱһ
һʮֵĲ˫ֳԼԴ
ڳȴǵһҪ֪νҲⳤиһ
ֻ˼ǳңΪ߾Ǹط͵ɡ˽ˣЩһﶼʮֵķÿһοоֱӿǹɨԺģҵĵ֮һ
Щ˿ԼôĶСҪôǻᱻɵҪôǱɨȻƴǺá
ҲЩ֮ͽʮֵķһʲô̼һӱˣǸطͻҩͰһһͱը
һʼʱ򣬻ǱפĽƸסǵЩһߣƶʱͱˡ
ȻҲ͵ʱǸֳЩϵҪǸһб£ּ˿סƣǶǸԼһ˿ƾƣӲû飬յ¾Ʊ̣Ҳ⼸ٶϴŽΰѹȥ
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ˣһ˵ҵʱʿɣҲ֪ʲôá
һȴҡҡͷ˵鲻ȥˣǶԼĺҪǸλãҶǶԼĲ𡣡
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һҪһ²ſԽƸƽʱ򣬸𺣸ȴǿ˵
һͻȻʵҪ㣬ʲôʱ԰쵽
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𺣸˸ź˵ȴ֪һֽҰĵĹâ
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ʵϣôһ˼ֻҪ𣬸𺣸ôڣǶǸ𺣸飬ȥô顣
ЩôҲûôҪҶ֪ʲô
һһֿۣ˳һۣŸ𺣸˵Һη壬֪𣿡
˭û뵽һ˵ҲҪ֪̬ĸ𺣸˭°
оԼһӣԼ͸𺣸ӴҪȻ飬֪Լ᲻ᱻ˼Ǯ


228 
𺣸Ҳ֪ôһֻǾЦη壬ֺαأҪ֪ҲһˣһˣһֱվڴҵĽǶ鰡
һ𲻽⻰ų˵ҪԺһﵱϴҲỳɣڵǶҪʮ죬ʮ죬Ҹ㣬ܶôҵֶΣֱóɣҲȡʲôֻҪطľȶ
һ˵֪һжѾʼı䣬ҪԼ߻ֻҪ֮ء
ǺǣȻԣһһĴ𸴣ʮѾ㹻ˡ
𺣸ų˵ʮ죬һһϲ
ϣˡ
˵ͷԸ𺣸ΣҲĥ顣
ϲ˰ɡ
һӶˣѾһûгԷˡ
á
˶ĬĲ̸ʲô飬ڸ˵Ѿ˵ˣʣµľǽһ¸֮ˡ
ȻǺĶףҪõģҪǲãǺ飬˴˶ûθУǻô
һһ˶ȵĳ죬ҲƿʱһЩ飬ҲˣֱϢ
˯ĵط
ڶ죬һǻЩ
һ͸𺣸ȴȥˣǺͳһ̸
Ǹ˵˵˵ĵطҪ֪мɿԣǳˣָ٣ֻϣҪлᣬҽ˸ɵģ֤ݵģЩ˶ɱļһ
޷Լȥĳޣ˿Ҳϲʱ򣬸𺣸ȵ˴˶֮󣬸𺣸ıȡ档
Ҳ֪νʲô飬ȴô첻
ЩˣĶ˼ң˼Ȼ㣬оˣȻѾ۹һˣǳȴǲΪ飬Լδʧȥϣ
Щ㵣Ȼ֪𺣸Ϊʲôס˵Щ飬ȴû뵽
Ϊʲô
ųʵ
Ϊʲô
洨ϢĳЩƮΪЩȥֵܡ
ҪǰҲҿܻΪνǰ̣㣬㵽ʱҲƿضһˡ
ԼδǿпܻΪδࡣ
Ǻǡ
Ŵ˵֪ұһͨˣֻҪһȺֵڿֵĺȾƳ⣬ӣϧЩ˲Ը⵱ֵܣҵֵܸˡȻˣԸ⵱ֵܣֻܹΪЩԸ⵱ֵܵ˱𡣡
Щ˵ʱ򣬶ûкڣֻܹ˶ѡ
ȻԸܵ飬ҲЩʱЩνĽǮͲȽϡ
ʱоٸ㣬ҿԸ㣬㵱ֵܣȻֵܡ
ǿ϶˵ҲһйѪˣΪʲôԼȴһֱͷ
ȵ̧ͷʱֻҪ췭ظ
͸𺣸ĲͬµĽͬ
Ҫǰո𺣸뷨ֻպɣҪôҪôܾˡ
ҶףͲҪ˵ҲһˣЩңҺô
áǽԼ֪ģһЩ붼˵
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ǸͷĶӳǷǲĳһ㡣
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ȻǸŮһбˣ飬˼ȻҪΪ֪Ůɣ
ǸӳΪһʱ䣬ְܹ
Եǰ̣鶼Ѿˣǿӵ
㡣
иӿӵ顣
ǰ꣬Щط͵͵ᣬ⵼Ǹط⣬ջȥûдûǸ˵صģǽǸӳϵķĹˡ
ʱӳϵ͵͵ģһôɺϣ
˵ЩС飬һ飬ôƲȥǾǶӳһϡ
֮ǰҲϲһЩҩˣ֪ôıһŮ֪ˣǸŮ˻ǺбģȦӾôǸŮ֪ˣҲ
Ҳʲô֮ģǹڵģǮûа취ǸģҲһʱ򣬾һǸмŸġ
˭֪ǸŮҪǸط
벻ҲҪǵӲſԣҪ֪Ů˵ϵǹһеˣⲻոչ׳ȥˡ
˵飬ؽһ飬ǾŮ˵Ĵǳģ㿴һۣһӶٿڶۡ
ƯǳǸˡ
˵Ů˵ģŮ˵Բ󣬵ŮȴǺһԲȼ󺺼׳Ѿܹ˵ˣȫһƶˮ
⻰ʱǲˣˣҪͬȶλֻͱŪ
һ䣺ǲǱˣҪҪͺƴ

̲ס̾Ϣһ˵Ҳİ㲻֪Ҹ㿴ǸӳƬһ˲ţ˵ӶҲ˧ˣһϣҽǸŮ֮Ǹӳķ棬ӳ¶ˣǸǿģһãʱǸطֻˣӳͱ̣ˡ
뵽飬һ㶼˼ң飬ȫѡ
ֻǸ˧ƬŶоԼЩˣȻôεˡ
Ϊѵһ֮ͻȻ뵽ôƬİ
û취±˸Ū֮û֪˭Ūġ
Ļó񺮣̲סЦЦ
ðɣûʲôͽĿܣҪңǿ϶Ū㣬ҾͲ֪ˣӦҲԶ
һε飬ܿףֻףҲҪΪͲͲ
Һ͸𺣸оҲװġ
˵Ҫǲ֪ôĳޣȥģ˼ϵķĹ˼ҵԵ˼ҵδ˼ҵ·㵹Ĺ
ϣǿ黹ʲô취ûУһһطƹҲطʱǺϼƺϼơ
ʲô鶼ȻЩ鶼еߵģҪΪԷһ˸ɵǲܵ飬˶֪֮
á
Ҳ׼뿪ˣ֪ʲôſˣʱûа취²顣
Ҫȥϴһ£˳ʸ𺣸ûа취Ҫ֪򵽵ʲô£ҪǶԷֻװƵĻҲֻܹ˵ǸУˡ

Ҳ׼ȥˣطľƻûȶסôߣ뵽ҪȥǸطĸûеס
˾˼ˡ
صңŮ˶ڡ
ЩŮҲڣֱӸ绰ա
㣬
ֱʵǱƺ֣飬ȥٺ˵ˣЩ˶Ǹˣ㲻õġ
á
ȻˣȻҪġ
ϴֱ֮ȥҸ𺣸ˡ


229 ˲ŵ
Ǳߵʱ򣬸𺣸ȴڿųеĵͼ˼ʲô
һԺȲ裬ͷȻѾһ룬Ȼһʱ䣬ıĥȥ
ϴ󡣡
ųкʮɣ𺣸֮оԼ綼ġ
ھѾˣ
ʵڸ𺣸˼û˵Ļ
ܣ⻹Ϊˣɶ˰Ǹ˵˵⻰ó̲ס²۵Ҳˣ̺ƽأ
˻˯Ѿһ죬ϲȥ˯ģǵĵѾʮ֮һ
˵⻰ʱ鶼ǶӣҪ֪ĹͣҪֻ֣¶ûô˳
ôNɪҿ𺣸Ҫһ»ǶԸɨĹˡ
⻰һ˵Ҫ޳ˣų˵ϴ˼ҶѾһӱҸıˣЩأ
ⲻںģ˶˵޵ĺ̳ԣŻ뵽ˡ
ǷģҶ׼ˣŵġ
𺣸ѵģҪȻǣ֪ô๦ûУֻǻᵼڲĻɢ
ҿб
û뵽Լ˵飬Ȼ档
⵱ȻˣҿһֱǺϸϴ󣬲˵ˣ㿴ҪЩһ룬֪ʲôԴһεҲ֪طȱרҵˣǵһ̰塣
ǿ϶˵ԼߵĶ̰壬Ҳôܻ䡣
Щ˽룬ὫǸȨϡ͵飬ǶѾ׵ˡ
˫һϵͳģһЩʽһЩɵ飬һǴҵ顣
һЩ˵ǵĺҪ˴ڣоǣزһֱҪȱģҲҪˣҪȻֻѾиˡ
鲻żֻҪ㹻ľӢԺﻹҪЩνĴɱɱ飬ǵʱŶǮһ飬㿴ûа취ǾǱ飬Щֱģļһﶼټֻ𱣻Ź򡣡
֪ЩǲһģҪǹޣǺ׾ͻᱻע⵽
һ˵ٴҲ׸ԡ
ϴ㲻ȥȽϺ𣿡Щͷ۵Ŀų˵Ϊ𺣸֮ԼӦúɲŶԵģôỹôࣿ
鰡Ǹ˾Ҫ齨ڻҪһЩ˴Ҳڸڲܲõ̺ƽϴȥְɣ
˵˭һڻ˼Ȳ谡
֪һæҪĳ嶯
Ҳ֪ԼֵйͷŻᱻ
Ѿʽλˣ
ųʵĵ飬ҪǮ鶼԰죬ûǮûа취
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δУҲͷҪûʲôǮ֮ģҪ飬Ĳܵ飬Ѿһи׼á
ʱ𺣸û֮ǰӳظǮǾŪġ
ãһ£ǸŵҵʱԵˣɲܹҪҵЩԸ񲻺õģбĶļһǻֳġ
˭ףҪһŶڲгֻ»и鷳Ҫǿڲ鷳ǶûʲôһǵҵķɣֻǶ֮֡
һε飬ҲĺףҪǺ͹ҶԿҪ·һġ
򽣰ôǿ󣬵ǻǻһһЩ˶ûʲôý֣һжҪڹҵĹܿ½С
ΪȻĵ˵ͷǽԼ֪Щڳ
ʵϣǺ͵εδ򳵲ĸֻҪǸϸһ󶼲ܹС
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ʵϣҲЩԻĵķ²۵ĵطǾ̫עﷸȨ棬ȴΪܺȨ档
ڳҪľǣһЩִЩʲôģףҲ㲻Ƚʵʡ
ֻҪ֣ǾͿԡ
żҪ˶ȣԼ߾ҪǶԷֱó㹻ķŶӣһжԸ㶨
Ǻܴģ˼ĸ𺣸󶼱
ϴҪǰĻֻܴǱ˸ô찡
֪ڻģֻҪʲôܻᵼһЩ˽Ծ
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ǶԼ˺ţ𺣸ȴ˫۷ž˵ϴϵĶЩϣ
ϵûдֻҪǮǣʲôα֤֮飬Ƕ
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ʲô鶼ҪԼƿأűȽϺá
Щһ϶ܹѰ·ˣʲôûУסȡ
붼û˵ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ҵʱҲģǿϧʵȴǣЩ˵㣬ôڶԣ鷳ڣڲЩʲô鷳
Ҳ֪ҪЩô״ҲֲԼЩ˳ˣ֪֪ȴǲôˬ
롣
𺣸ϳܿ뵽һӣȻûʲô㣬ҾһȽ⼸ϵкܶ˾Ҫˡ
ʲô֣ҵʱôЩ˵
ҪЩһЩ˲Ű
ҲЩͷۣΪʲôЩ˲ŵƷʲأ
ȻҲܿףҪ˼ƷʺõĻ˼Ҳֵҡ
𺣸һ˵ҳʱ㶨ЩһȰźˣˣЩ˵ļͥɣҿϴһҲǲ顣
𺣸ͳˣɱɱʮֵĺʣҪ˵ȥ飬ûпܵġ
Ȼ
һĵĸо
ϴ䡣
Űۺôһ䣬ֱЩȥˡ
˲ЩǶģϾǲ壬ԺҪʲô飬ЩֵܿסЩ£ˣûʲôá
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ȻֻһЩĶѾ㹻ˣҪ֪˸ͻҲĶ
ƽǶˣһȺΧһĶ
ҿҶΪˣǺģǺһÿһ컻ŮˣһʮŮΪ̥һʲôɵİǹôߡ·𣿡
ʲôһףһײȻŵಡҪҽǱߣֻҪǱˡ
ӵأרҵٵļһΪ˻þ޴棬˲ʮĶ˸ӵĹͷûСͷҲЩ⣬֪ʲôǮΪ˼ҿԿǳصİ
˶ԼĶ֮ܵ˵ûһˡ
ȴǸоԼϵôһȺʲô


230 
ϴ󣬿һҵˣЩƷô㿴ǵʵһһģֻûƽ̨ǣЩҪǵˣһҪǸһôܵ飬Щ˵ˣ
𺣸ȴǿͬĶ鶼Щ˷ܡ
ã˵һ
ǼæоԼȭͷ
¹ֺǺȴôбҪ𺣸һҪģǶ̲סۡ
һȺǼƻǺ׸㶨
һ˵ҡ
¹һСģˣȴԼſԶŶĴǶһŮסֻԷӦҲ֪¹̬һֱĽġ
ʹ¹ƶĿǱߣ·Ҫʲôϧʲô
ڵģʲôʱһĹţĲһˣˣһȥҳԵİɡ
¹̲סֻ֣Ҳ֪ôЩˣԼж񶼱ˣط
¹ģĳߣǸоԼѾǳɹʿ
ͻȻһ紵ź̫֮У¹붼ûֱ˹ȥǮҪɵӡ
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һҲ׷һףƴ󺰵
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ϼһɣǮүң
¹Ǹ˳ǸȴڵѾ˵ˡ
¹ֱװûΪһС·ΧҲûˣûзˣҪȻҲ

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飬ȴôû˵ȻԷΪνɣǽ߾ȫġ
СһΪԼô׿ߵҪΪǮǿ϶㣬ΪģѡɣңǱҸͽȥ
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¹ɪɪĿųΪоЩЩر飬ЩҪԼɵҪԼڲͶ
뵽飬¹Ķڲ
֮ǰЩˣȻЩŵˣЩ˶֪ô״һһʦں棬ҪûнһµĻǻ
˭֪ȴʲôûгŪͳˣ˼ҶѾ飬ȻҪ㶨ˡ


231 㶨
¹Щʲôбµˣ֪Щ˻µ棬ں̶ܶϣЩ˶Ϊ鲻ֵãܰȫ
ȴ³çˣоǾˡ
ʲôûе׵ʱ򣬾ֱ鷳
֪ĺ̨ǲ취Ҫ飬ôܡ
鶼ģЩɪɪĿųҪ֪ôԴ
ܻж鷳ҿ϶Ҫ͵ȥôӵƷôҪܵͷ
Щ˵Ȼʲôˣȴһĵˡ
𺣸ȴ˵ûʦ֤ҪеĻǰǴһЩ飬һټѵİӣЩͺûйϵҪ⼸ÿһ춼Ӹ㡣ȻҪûⶫ
¹֪Ҫʲô⻰ףЩҪԼֶΡ
ԣҪкóԺסô
¹֪ǰЩӦе㶫ɣ
ҪܣֲݣҪΡ
ԣһһǧԪҪ˵ĻȥֵܵɳһСʱҪˣ
ָƽ˵ƽͷ¹ڲ˭֪ʲô
á
¹Ҳʲô֪ԼʵһİбʤһôӮˣǰЩ˼Ȼţǿ϶ʲôͬĶ
ƽ¹žߣЩƺ飬еֶΣǸˣƽԹȥΪˡ
֪ʦʲôֶοԶԸ𣿡
¹ʵҪ¤񣬼ȻѾ£һǾʱţԼֻҪʤף飬Լƨ°
ĻҪҪԸǲô׵ģܵ˵ֶαҶĺܵģΪֱӵľŮ˹ҪÿһһŮˣԸ㵱Ҳ֪۽ߣϲŪ˸飬Ҳ֡
˵ôоΥ͸С
ڳ˶ף¹ṩһ˼·
Ůˣⶫð죬ЩʲôҲǮҲŮ

¹ʵǸоȽ״
ҪЩŮˣЩưɵĶԣҸŮ˺ֱºӣʱ˽ĶŪҸƵȥֱ֤ӽ飬ÿһ鷳Щ콫ͽȥһʱ䣬֪ôЩ˶±ˣԲŲ顣
ܶϰ嶼Ҫܻ飬ܻôϣЩϴҲҪڹؼʱ̱ˡ
ȻԼʦģ۾գ
ڳ˶оǺܺõֶΣȻĻҲȥôˣǶѾоΨһһ
ҲţֻһЩСҵҪǸһҺǣеֶʰ֪кܶҩǿûа취ǸģҪĻҺܻġ
⻰˵һжѾµˡ
¹ȴЩ֪ԼʦǵʲôˣȻôһȺ˿ԼЩˡ
飬ȴǸопܻԼЩ˵Ļᡣ
Ҫ֪ʼգЩ˶û˵һЩĶǾǶƿǺģ
ĻԼʱٶԸǲ׾ٵ顣
¹ɲʲôˣһֱҪ˸㶨
͸𺣸ȥˣһӻˮ¹͵ˡ
ǶǺæµģֻȴΪѵôһǲŻ
ȥһ쾩ѧֻҵʱһ÷Ǹһǵҵкܴİ
ڳһĨڵ£𺣸ȴѾ󲿷ֵ鶼źá
ʵϣҪ֪ǳϼŵү˶Ϊ໢Ǹ𺣸ģûа취е鶼˼Ҵġ
ȴһ㶼⣬Ҫûи𺣸Ļ໢ֻ¶Ҫ¡
ϰԵ˦ƹ񣬵鶼˼ڴҪ˸Ļֻ˼ͷ
ϴ򵽵ʲô£
𺣸ǺʵЩҲûʾжٵı¡
Ҳ֪УǸһҵġ
Ҫ̫Ķ
Ŷ𺣸ǺǸУйһ֮Եų˵ҹһٷͿԽǸ˵
ڸ𺣸Լԣ඼ͨ
ҪǶֵĻгڣҪĵĻֻҪʲôرĶŶ֪һ㡣
á
Щڴ͸𺣸
ȥʱڳԷʱ
𺣸ļ棬óЩϹۡ
ҵˣųʵ
Nɪ仰뻹ˣԼļһNɪ̫ǻ
˵۲ô
˵⻰͵ͷͳ˵ʲôʼնԷֻǿ˸𺣸һۣʲôûС
𺣸ȴǿ˵ڳеҾ֪ʮƽ֪죿
ʮ졣
ðһʱûˡ
Ҫˣϴ𣿡

һ𣿡
ԡ
ȻûȻˡ
ǱװƵĵزĺ
𺣸ȴǽ㶨ˡ
ʮʱ䣬ֻҪ𺣸㶨ˣȻʲô
˺˵֮еĸָа
̲ס˵𺣸ȴҡҡͷ˵˼ұѾ֪˭ֻһֱڵһʵʱˡ
ҿû뵽ԼװƻƭˣǸһڵ㵽
ûд𺣸һӿɽҲģóӣ
ǺǣҪӣʲô
𺣸ǿ׳һų
˵ңҿϴ󰡣Щ˵𺣸ȴǿ˵ҵϴû˷ϣ㣬Ҳû˷ϰ׳գ֪ԼϴҪıλ
㡭
ҲԼڸ𺣸ǰѾ˻Ϊһǣʲô鶼ҪԼȥĸоĺܺõģ
׾ͺá
𺣸ôһ仰ˣæһߣҪ֪ڳпǿƽģǻϣЩһﻹûгУ˭֪Էôأ
ֻǳո߳У԰ȴǷԶһȺΧۡ
طҲʲô
𺣸ֹһ䣬ȴǿ˵ʲôᶼѾı䡣
סͻȻȴǽͣΪΧ۵Ⱥ֮зһϤӰæͣ³
𺣸󶼻֪ʲôˣҲ³
ȴҪˣСɾȻһŮ˸š
֡
ֱһƴȥǸŮ˱ȳ֮⣬Ҳǹ뵽ˣǿǸŮ˾ȻСɵͷôûа취͡
ˣҰˣҺƴˣ绹ûС
ǸŮ˿мɫȴͬøһ󺰵ȴǿûпǸˣСɸ˵û顣
֪׷ʲô飬ȴ֪Сɿ϶ȥǱ˵ġ
ȻǸŵ顣


232 Ϲ
ûʲô
Сʱ򻹲߳óЩŭ˵㵽ʲôңҰ
ڳСԼѣѱ˸۸ôܹԹۡ
ԭΪҰ˲ߵģ˵ҼҺóԺúȵдÿһСʱʮǮļҽ̷ôס
ǸŮ˲ʲôȻ֪һƽԼôԶȻͨˣֻܹ
ֻȴǲ֪һЩ˶֪ʲôһס
ҿ˭ҵļҽ̲ǼʮԪһСʱģ
СˣˮƽѾһЩʦȻˡ
˼ҲԸ㵹Ҫǿˡ
һʼָǸŮ˲ҪǸոҲ֪ʲôԲŻҪ֪Ļһһȹȥ
֪Էʲô֪ʲôǷŭ˵
ֱһȴСȴǽ˵Ҫȥ
СϹǾ죬ҴңҸֱӽȥԹҷ𣿡
ǸŮ˿ųвִģڶԷҪִ󣬳ҲʲôǸŮ˵ϹǾɣҺҪ֪ʲô죬ҵҪʣʲôɣ뿪
ߣ뿪ҲҪҼ˵ԲſԣʲôҪߣߣǸŮȴһϹˣԺģ
ҲˣǾֻнѵһٲŻ֪ʲô¡
ŹŮˣû˼Ҳġ
ڵġóֻСȴǿų˵Ҫ
ʱװģҪûбµĻǾֱ˵ͷϴҲ˵ôࡣ
ǸŮȴǺŵЦʲôЦ⻰óЩǲ⣬˼Сھ֪лԼ
ңΪʲôҪȻˣҲܹšɲǳصģôһôš
СȴЩʹĵ˵ҪϹûйС϶ĺܲá
һ㶣漴ӦСƾŮ˵ĺӡ
ҲĺСɣ£Ե±ԹбҪ
ôʱװƣ㲻绰Ҹ绰ҵˣûʲôý
óû뵽ǣҪˣôסСɿǸŮˣҪ˵ʲôջʲôû˵Լ˵ʲôԷŵģʱֻһԹԼѡ
ҲֻöԷڣǲŻʲô졣
𣿡
СɺĿų˵֪ǿ顣
ȴ̾Ϣһ˵鿴Ű죬ҪǶԷͱˣҲҪ˵ʲô
ԷһĽѵ
С֪Լô˵ûа취ϾҲܸɣ
ǳ˵Ը񶼲ͬ
ûа취ֹʱСֻܹĬĬĿǸŮԼ
𺣸濴ţ̲ס̾ϢһǵߣȻó˼Сɵάֻͨѣ˼СȴѾԳ֡
ЩҲ˵
˿̣һڿоôڵһֻȴƴ𶯡
ʲôһɨǸʵһ֧ӳһεıʮֺãֱӾ͵ˣ߾ҲҪһЩֶβˣǰ˾ˡ
˵顣Ǹӳæ˵Ҳûпֻʲôǧ߹ţҪû̫飬öҪ绰
ʱ绰ʲô鷢ҪȻҲ绰
ŶȳȥһҲ֪ܹ飬˼Ҽ涼飬㻹Ҫȥʲô飬ֻ»ʧȥġ
ǡǸѸٳȥ
Ϲұ˸ˣǸ˴ңҪҡ
ǸŮȴ֪Ҫ˵һ飬Ϲ֪Ļǿ϶ֻܹƭԷˡ
ڳ˶⻰һóֻղŵ鶼Ѿ¼ʲôġ
ڹȥ
쾩ѧſڡ
ʲôã̫Լš
ҲҪ黹޶ԣֻ²ˡ
ⲻѸٵĳȥźһ˵棬ЩҪȥһ¡
ȥɣҪʲô飬ֱӸҵ绰
һҲ֪ģʱ˵
ǡ
⻰ǸǸжתˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻǼ֮ѾߣʱѾмΧˡ
ȴǲִֻҪһôš
˵һȺ˿һŮ˱ǻˣ
ǸѸȺ棬˻ûеȴǺ
ϣڵģҾûмôҪľ졣
ҲˣԼ˼ңҪ˭ͷ
ǸҪǿҸҳȥ
ѧѪ֮Ƕ顣
ʵϣҲѾЩ̬ˣǺЩȨйϵ飬һǣһ㣬Ƕǻط
ڳҲڷলľԱ֮УѾʮеգټڳֵ飬ֻ½ʲôȶʱ̡
Ϲ
ǸŮ˴ţҪþעǸҲЩɣΪѾΧҲûа취ֻܹѸٵĳȥ
ţôˣһӸҴ㣬ڵģΪѪǾԾģ
˵ȴϸͻȻ뵽˭һϱȽϸҳļ֮һ
ˣǱȽкøеģֻǵ˵ҴģҾ͸˵һ䣬Ҷ
ôֱӣǸ춼ѾҲԼԼЩӡ󣬱Ͼһ϶һܶˡ
ֻͳ⻰ȴҪˡ
һбǰɣӽŪ㣬Ӹա
ǸűҪͳƴǳȴ򣬲ɮ濴棬ô˵ҲǺһˡ
Ͳ뽫Ҫǿһ𲢼սķϣŪѾģŶʲô飿
⻰˵ǸŮȴɫһ˵Ϲ㲻ҪģͬǼŮǵ鷳ҪҵʱסֻѾǸС
ܶʱЩҪĻ˵ġ
˭иղŵƵλ쿴λǺþ죬ҿ֤ǰʱǶɵĽĹͣ˼Ųʲôϣλһ¡
ǸĻѾϳ˳Լţһ۾ͿǱ֪ԼֻǱ˸ƭˣʱҲûа취
˭ԼſˣҧҲҪֻܹˡ
ΧкܶͬѧϾô˿ţҪ컹ҺڵĻǿ϶ǸعΪЩ˶ǳصİ
λ壬㿴ˣһʼץ˼ҲţҪǮ
һӽԼƻֻݹȥǸЩĽֻӹ
ƵһʼڣȻаСʱңǾȴѸͷֻǿ˲ʮӣͿʲô
ɫЩ֪࣬Լô˵һ̮һֱΪԼźԼһֻЩȴǸûа취
ȿȡ


233 
ͻȻֱӿѪˣӰһڣһֱڵλҲûô˯ȴǱġ
Ϲ
ǸŮȴˣһϹҪϹûˣļҶˡ
æ߹ȥţ漴һƴھؿڣһһѪ³
ԺԼţÿһ˶ô˵Ƿǵ鷳
Ҳ֪϶ǲ֪ģһôҴҳˣҪ˵ݼҲš
ҪȥͻȻžһͷһۣǸŮһɫӡȻǸġ
ǸŮ˶һŵĿž죬֪ΪʲôԼ
Ҳ֪һ²ǧ칤ȥˣҪ۸˼СŮ𣿡ʹĵ˵ǶһЩѪЩӢ۳ĺĸо
߰ɡ
СˣЩ鲻Լ߸ᣬֻСȴǿų˵ԼѧУͿԡʲô鷳ղŶѾܶʱˡ
ؼңҲģʲô飬ֱӸ绰ҡ
ǹϵ˵ɲŮ˵ʲôҪ֪СİԸֻ±˸ԵĹͷûʣпܡ
СɲҿֻܹĬĬĸųߣͻȻоĪİ
λŮЩʱ򣬿˻ǿ׼ã˼Ҿ۸˵ʲôҪȻΪǸŮǼ˾۸
𺣸󿪿˵Щ˵Ӹʲôġ
ӲبŲĵ
𺣸ĻСɵĶЩҲ֪ԼԸ׳ԿֻȴԸıġ
Ҫ˵ˣҲӣҲһ˵ءȴˣ𺣸ڸʻСں档
Ҫø𺣸ں棬ǾЩ񻰡
ǺǣչˣȻˡ𺣸ָ˵ǳȴ˵㻹Ϊһʥҹ컹ҪǰŮѸ
صһǰ֣СɵķĶˣԼǻл
ܿСָԼСɰСɣʲô֪ʲôݶûУ㲻Ҫˡ
㡱֣СɽԼĶλڵͬλȥ
𺣸ûпҲֻǵѳѣЩ飬ֻǳԼ׵ĺܣ˼⣬ԼҲҪôࡣ
𺣸ǰ·Ҳ֪δ·ʲôģ飬Ըıܶ顣
СɵļſڣСɿųȥɣ
һҪȥͲȥˡ
ָŸ𺣸˵𺣸˵ԼԼߵģ뵽ڵľˣƲ֪жϣ䵥ʱֱŪġ
ʱ
СҲ׳һҪˣһ
á
˵⻰ֱӿˡ
СɿǳıӰЩ˸¥ϣɫȴǿųıӰ鶼ЩӣȻ֪ԼŮϲֻЩȴǲܹǿģνǿûҸǸûлǿ
ʲôҪ˵𣿡һӾͿ𺣸ƺʲôҪ˵
֪Ҫ˵ʲô𺣸Ҫ֪ǻжߡ
Ůһ顣
Ȼ֪𺣸Ҫ˵ʲôǸԼҲзִ硣
Ȼ㶼֪Ҳ˵ˡ𺣸֪˼羵ҪȻҲ˵⻰
ջСʣµľͿˡڶ룬ԼʲôҪģ𺣸ȴͻȻ˵ȥһַһ缸ʶĸֻ֣ǲ֪ڲڡ
𺣸ҲôȷڶѾô꣬Ϊνĳ⣬û˼Ǹط
Ŷһط
Ÿ𺣸ǵط˵ǲ֪ô֪·ġ
ֱӸôߡ𺣸֪ԵҲôϤǸ߶Էôһط֣Է֪
ҲʡȥңͰո𺣸˵ĵطһֱǸطǰȥǸط·ǲ٣ǿϧȴЩԶ
гڣٶȵûʲô
ǸߵľñŸ𺣸ʵЩ붼м׵ļ룬Ȱɽ˶٣ЩΪЩϲ֣ȴֲ볳ֵ׼ġ
ҲܾûططǺܲкܶ˼ˡ
𺣸ҲϾҪרŵͬģҪû˽ӦĻҲˡ
⻹ҪһʸſԽҪûʸǶ
𺣸Ϊ缸Ǹ˽Բʸġ
ûа취£ֻܹöԷæ׼ȷ˵Ǻ
𺣸ų˵öԷ˵
Ŷ
ҲϹ˵ʲôÿһطԻ֮ء
𺣸¶ԼףһɨѸɨһ𺣸Ϣֳ

ǸŸ𺣸˵
طֶβкüƽһˡ
Ÿ𺣸˵ǿԸӦһЩġ
ЩֱЩˣЩ˻û飬ЩԼѾ׼ˣмʮнɡ
𺣸֪һط飬רŵط
ĻҪǿ󡣡
Ҫϸ˽һطܵ˵طǵرȽĵط
ȥˡ
𺣸Ϊָ·ܶʱֻҪһΣЩ·ϳ
ո𺣸˵ĵطȥȥһǺƴıǰ
ڰɣŸ𺣸˵оطռôģôǼ򵥵ļһ
ֻ಻١
𺣸Ҳǵһ죬ÿһζطƸ𺳡
ôȥ˺üſڣû塣
𺣸ֱóֻһ룺ˡ

ʲôû뵽ҪֶΡ
Ϊ˲˸ɧţ㲻֪ǸЩرϲ֪طЩҪǶûа취ҵҲǿд룬Ҫ˸Щʮ֮ڿԵߡ
𺣸ѳܹʲôصֶΡ
Ȼˡ
Ҳ֪طҪûôһϣֻЩ顣
δ𡣡
Զˡ
ȥɡ
𺣸û뵽ԷȻԸ⵹رľϲ
ֱӳȥǸȴˡ

𺣸߽ȥȴû˻ӦҲôֱ࣬ߵ档
ʲô𣿡
ڳΪڱ𴦵ʱ򣬴ȴͻȻƣһ˳ǡ
Ҫɽæʮ졣
𺣸Ҳ֪˲ڡ
ꡣ˵ĿڣȴǸоԷЩر
һһ죬ʹʲô鶼
𺣸Ǵ˵Ҫ֪˵ʲôģǾͲˡ
ˡ
˿Ÿ𺣸˵
򡣡
𺣸ԼԸģٶûʲôõˡ
Ŀꡣ
˿ûпһۣʼڿǵӻè
Щʽסʮ졣
Ѿ˲٣Ǹ𺣸Ǵ㽫һס
á
˺Ǹɾ䣬Ѿ飬ʲô𣿡
о֮㲻ܹӹ໢飬ǣģ㶼ܹΰ
𺣸Ҫ˵֪һֵĻǾмܡ
ԡ
ȴҲûô˼ĵƻ˵ˣҪһЩˣôҸߵİ


234 ǧ
𺣸ЩŵĿʵ˵ʲôû
оϲЩ̫ͻȻͻ֪⵽ʲôҪ֪֮ǰѾüΣÿһζԷܾڶԷȴͻȻ˵ĻҪ˵ûʲôϲ֮飬Ƕٵġ
ֻҪȥһ磬Ǻĺˬôܹһֱɣ
˵Ļóüͷ΢壬һӦеĻӦúǳȲŶԣôһһģ
˼һСһģҲûʲôֵ顣
Ǹ𺣸һֱڵȴˣӦǺб£ȻԷΪʲôͻȻҪأ
оıζֻȴ޷ȷеĸоǵʲôģı
˵Ҫߣ飬㶼Ը𣿿˻ҪԼְ
˿Ÿ𺣸˵ǻø𺣸ͻȻĴЦãá
ǵڶο𺣸ģûеһЩ飬𺣸ȴǿų˵ϴ󣬽˸ץʶǸˡ
Ȼ˻⣬Ҿ˵û˻һģ
Ѹٰո𺣸˵Ľ˸סЩʵôжϵġ
ܼ򵥣ҪʶǸˣͲҪߣ˵ʲôˣҪ֪Ǹ˱ʹ˶٣Ǳᶼпܡ
𺣸ȻǸ˽Ӵ࣬ȴ֪ǸΪóľαװû֪Ǹ˵ݣ˵֮Ļ
Ҿ˵ûа취һͲš
ʱ¥ȴһһ˵ģǸţȴóмֿ壬ȻǸ֡
ģȴǺһģһ
ȴǲۿˣ˵׾ȻһģһˣǱأ
ô꣬ļʶҲ٣ԲŻ뵽
ſ
ͻȻ˫ֵȴǴ󺰵ȻŮ˵öǻУֺǶȪˮ
ܵ˵Ů˵óЩҲֻһŮ
æ˸ſѾ²˶ԼЩ˵Ĳԣֻǲ֪ЩʲôĿġ
Ҳʱ⣬Ӧòʲô֮İɣ
壬ֻҪûоطԼԽ𺣸ȫߣԼš
𺣸ȴǿŸո˵֮ǰ˰ɣ
ǣǸүү㿴һ׵ˡ
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235 Ů˶ϲٻ
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ĺǳʲô鶼ԽܣԼԸͺá
Ǽǵһ˵һ仰ǾһŮ˵̫ĻǾͺ׵Լ
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ǸпԼȻʦͨ˵ôԼ˵黰
±鶼Ҫ³ֻǳڰеŮ˶ɵӣȴжô٣һӲ˵Щ顭Ҳš


236 
Ҫ㲻ŵĻҿԽҵڳ㿴ģҶģ¿ɼԼ뵽ĿЩѪӾ̨ʣһ˵ԼһƤ
Ǻðֱڳ
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ȴǿų˵ô
ǡʿˮ˵ֻȴ̲ס˵˵˭õ
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ºתˣҪ׷ȥģǽ¿ų˵Щ㲻Ҫ˰

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һøףҪ޳̲ס˵ⲻŮҲİ
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Ǻǡ̻Ȼ˼ʲôİҪûȥǱߣ鷴ѾȫԿ϶ˣֻǲ֪ʲô

Ҳ֪Ǻƾлᱻ̶סɣ໢ûб³ôĶᱻɵ飬ҾͲ֪ˡ
ᱻɵ̻ЩˣǸ𺣸ŵģ
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ҪȻĻ̻ôţ͸𺣸ˣҰֶξ߱Ը⵱һСССܡ
ʱôֻǺ飬˭֪أų̻Цϲͳ̻һĸоϾˣΣҲеɣôˣΪʲôϣὫɶ˰
Ȼ֪и𺣸ֶΣӵףûи𺣸Ƕ顣
ʵϣǼ򵥣ΪɶѾЩ̫ˣЩǮѾϣˣɵɸʲôҲ֪Щǿȴ㲻Ҫ׷Ѱô࣬ûʲôô
̻Щ飬ҲͳΪߣֻΪô캦飬ʲôûҲΪ飬Żᱻѹôء
̻Ҳ֪ԼôļǷȷԼӹȥǡ
Ǻǡ˵ЩһﵹǴĺܣʲô鶼ֱǮģЩǮȴǲ֪ȥһط򽣰ܲһѻ𣬲֪˶˰
Ļó̻ΪȻ˵£ܶ඼ˣҪûа취ܵĻֻܹĬĬ˺Ҹ㣬ˡ
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ҪûʲôĻôûпܵģʹʲôģ¶˳ΪҪǣܽƻôûпʲô֤˸õоӶô飬ʹ飬ǶСС֣ν飬ǸһЩرĵطС
̻ڻϣǶ˵ΪʲôǾͶԷֶΣȴͶصġ
ЩĬ˵Ҫ˵ҪҪ˸Ҫʲôۣ
ʿ֪Ѫ죬ɻ᲻ǰС
Ҳ׼ôһʿ֪ЩѾΪԼ˽ʲô鶼Ųʡ
飬Ҳ֪Ҫ֪Ļҽطֺη
̻һֱڹ˾ҵҵΪľǱ򽣰ˣȴҪĽ֡
ϣıôûа취Ūʵϣֹǳ̻ҪŪϣ˶ˡ
ϣһ㶼ֱӹӲŵģû˿Ա飬Զ˵Ūôһˣڱס
ҪôˣʲôʱҿĺӰ˵ģⲻֹҵ˼о˼
̻ĻóЩĿɿڴķʵôܣǲ𣿡
ǲᣬЩôףЩɶʼûȻֻЩۼģҺ²⣬ڱܿͻή٣ֻǲ֪ʱʲô
̻һֱڵĺܶ飬û뵽Լĵ飬ȴڳ֡
ɣϳŸոսӴȴû뵽ôС
㲻Ҫᣬûô׳֣Ϊǹص㶢Ķ󣬻Ҫ飬ҪץʱˣڹϷӿҪǵʱЩ˶Ϊʴ࣬ûа취𣬾ԱЩ˶ȥһˣֻʯ쾪
̻ЩҪġ
Ҳһ㣬ĵѹܴ󣬵ȴǲ֪ô
Ҫ֪ڳ̯ӶѾǺҪûдЩ飬ֱӱսԼ
ĵ˶Ŷӵģ˹ҪԼһȥ˵˶һʬ壬϶ûĶڡ
ˣȥϢɣһж˳ȻҪ̫ˡ
̻л˵


237 
ȥ֮󣬰˯һ
컹ûµĵ绰ˡ
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٩٩̸ŮĽĿŴ㣬ǶҪʹֻǶ֪ЩԼûа취ѧġ
ãҲ˵ʲôҾһ仰ĶңȻҲĶǣǸҵ强ˣҪǰ첻ֻܹ˵Щź飬֪ҵ˼оǣЩʲô飬Ծܺ˵԰ǵ飬ҶԸǰæ
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ǻƺɵĽ㡣


238 鷳
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ҲŷӦԼȥͼؽµľٶĲôʱȴ֪Լ߿϶ܹȥҪȻ鷳ʹˡ
ϴôôˣ𺣸û뵽ô鲻Ӧð
һҪѯһ£ʲô
Щ˼ϾԼôǱһо涼úõģԼҪ
˵𺣸һģ֪ǹϵ˽⡣
ģҽ¸ˣҲ֪ҽȥڣ˳мӵ񡣡
ˣͳ⻰𺣸Ѿüȥˣųǹ졣
ôˣŸ𺣸ʵЩڡ
ϴ˭ôֶΰ벻ɣ
𺣸һ֪ǳⲻ˵ǺȻôһ飬֪ŮΪ
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ˣҪЦЦɣⲻǴϻεһҪսһҪ
֮ǰǺһЩŮйӴϵĹƣҲֻǽӴѣҪάֺãȴҪܶĶ߽ŮҲǴĺܣҲûʲô飬Ը񻹱ȽϹִⲻֳì
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ϴ˰ɣ𺣸Ц˵һõ˵㻯һʯͷһȴǵ˵ͷ˵ˣȥǸ
ϴɵǸʲôãҪһʼƶᣬǻûʲô˵ģڸô飬ȻҪںҪײףҾôһ仰ɣ鶼ǿ˵ģҪ㣬㳡裬ˣҪϲ㣬ôǶ
𺣸ĻóȻŷԼԭһֱ
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ǲǻҸʲôˣҲɵͺͮ飬Ǳ˴˶Ѿ˵˵ģֻΪʲô𺣸ķӦôҵأ
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㻹֪ϴúһֵ𣿡𺣸ص˵
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𺣸ͷҲ֪ԼЩˣǵʱǸа취
ĺ𺣸һ٣ôˣҪ֪𺣸һ涼ûлȡΪŮˣҪ鶼ˣֻԺẮ˸𺣸ġ
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𺣸Ǵ㵣˺ܶ飬ȴû뵽ðһ䣬ܵʵô
Щ飬֪ΪҺãҲһҺòã֪ʱܹŮ˰ɣ
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Ҳ֪ԼƺЩ棬Ǿǿ˵һ䣺ǵĵܵܣʱʲô飬ҿ϶
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𺣸ĻħһֱӻģЩĿŸ𺣸˵ѵûа취𣿡
֪鶼ʵ֪Լ̫Ȼˡ
Ǻǣ취еģֱ̲ϼš𺣸⻰ó޷ܣҪ֪̻ôҪ˱ɵ飬ˣ
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ðɣӮˣֻҪǰ飬֪ûʲô취
Ҳˣ͸𺣸̸飬Լ
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𺣸ɲʰβŪпܻ˵ģûа취檣Ǿ֤ٴ˶ûа취ƽЩŮ˵Ĺϵ
ܶνĹϵгҲֻǼ˽׼ѹƣЩʵһ㡣
á
ҲԼľһЩ鷳Լֲûа취
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ǿ϶ĵͷ˵ϲңҾ͸ҡ


239 ǰ
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ϡͿˣûȥĵطֱȥصһҵӹ˾
⹫˾Щϡ棬ֻҪǮǾͿṩͬĴ㣬ӼʮĵӶС
Ҳǿ֪һҹ˾ġ
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ո߽⹫˾һƯŮ߹ųЦ
Ҫһƺƴ׷Ǯ࣬һˡ
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ڰ칫ȴǷ׷׿ųǵ֮жڴҪ֪Ŀǿкܶķֺ졣
ȻֻҪ䶯ƺƴ󣬵ȻҪֱڵ̨ĻҾû˼顣
ЦԼôǮǸǸôһǻҪǸʲô뵽̫ĶȴҲϲ˺Ūһ֪˿ṩֽӡ
˵ҪߴĻǻӭҵ⹫˾Ǯһֲٵ˸㡣
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ЦеŮȴǺëܿʵ֪ǲǸ໢ĳ
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÷һЦݣȴΧЩһֱעˣҲ֪ܶ˶Ҫ׷
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һȺ˶ҪߵˣֻʱһȺ̵ȴǳڳӵǰ棬Щ϶һЩ˰̣һͲʲôˡ


240 
һֿİǰûϧҷоѾӵһУʹôӻǰ飬ҲߣֱֻʧȥʱҲźĪҷ˾һ쵰Ǹô˺
׵˵ֻ⻰ȴǸ´С鷳ʱΧ˶ڷǶ֪ں˭˵ǲܺ˭˵⻰ﶼǴ޴鷳
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÷ţƺ˵عȴЩ㵣֪˭ǻĴģֻдڴ˵֮С
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⻹һˣȻ㶼˵ˣҲ˵ʲô飬ǸҵܵܵУһֱ׷µˣҵܵҲ֪ǸһһֱҪڽߣôܻ鷢ҵܵעҪΪˡ
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⻰˵ģ˺ᣬعȴǵ˵ͷ˵ϲһУԲʲôȥҶôһģ

飬Ҫǻһ˵÷Ҳһ㣬ǹع˵ôŵġ
֪ʲôЦ𣿡عЩ׵ʵֻĲ֪Ůʲô˼
ֻǽںһطĬĬĿųùعЩʣֻҲ֪ʱԼôʱ
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ⲻǹһǻЩǳĲô
ھʱˣֱӰǹʱһ䣬Ҫ֮˭Թ㰡
÷ȴ˼ʮֵα飬Ҫ˵Լɣ
ȻᡣعҲû뵽÷˵Ľ顣
عֱȥǾƵ˹ͨһûеͨãȴǺһ
ǱֱһƬ


ըˡ
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ҪûôãֻĳɾͶѾֹ
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ֱӺˣ˵ûпܻʲô飬֣Ҳûа취
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ŷӦԼһ⡣
ǣȻ֪طЩ˳ộҪʲô
һɣֱǨȻЩ˻ûйȴǸоҪˡ


243 õ
𺣸⻰ЩìܣȴףЩ˿϶Ҫֻǲ֪ʲôʱѾˣҲܻûе
ڸ𺣸鱨ոŪãĶûüǶ֪ʲô
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Ҷһ˵ңǮˣֻ·һֻҪûгУǶҪ˱ӻ
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244 Ӧ
˶ûм˵ʲôЩ㵽ֹ˵ȥҲûʲô˼
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ɲһطţһҪǱ˸ֻ֣һǮûС
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ЩʱǮ㲻ʲôȨˡ
ֻҪɵӣԿߵķչͷ
֪ҪԼǧǼڵߣֻȴǲҪЩ˰ˡ
ס
ĸղŶѾ˵ˣڸ𺣸˵ʱҲѾ׼⳵û˾ûˡ
Ǯ֮󣬴ʱ򣬳Ѹٽ棬ڳ׹ʱֱҪǻһǹ˴һȥпܡ
ٶȲ
Ҳǿ˳ı¡
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Ÿ𺣸˵ڸ𺣸ںʲôͨǰ뿪

ȻչȥһЩˣڣһֱû˯
ⲻĸոϣͺжۣǿԸоĵ
ϴǱѾǽͷöǺܿᷴӦЩǮ׼ȷһܻ棬ô


245 
𺣸绰ֱӹҳʵ飬ô㴦ͺá
ҪôǮڳߣֻܿͻӻꡣ
ڳжѾһƬңֻ»һЩɱ
𺣸ǿ϶˵ҲѾߺһˣǱôӦͲᡣ
ԽĲҲֻЩףеʲôȻЩһ񣿡
һֱ벻飬ʱʳҪø𺣸
λã򿪵гȱڡɱǸˣڳȺףĵط׾ͿԻȡ޴棬ھǱ߻ȡôײٰ֪ٱǰռһһΪЩ˲˵ģҪг϶Ҳ뽫С
𺣸аأҲкܶΡ
ӳԶ˫ָն֮鶼Ѿ޷ʹϴǱӶǶ޷˫Ķ
ҲôģҲֻǳԼġ
ǱİɶפģҲǵĸԴйϵϾʤҲǰ˵طǱЩפ˭֪Ժ˭˭أ
ҲóЩ飬ҪԼߺѺùϵڵľҲôӡ
˫ûп̳ܶУǺȴԸ˫档
ô
ҪǻԴͷҲŹԶ죬Ƣôܾǿ
ﲻֹҪУҪûЩһ϶¶֡
֪ȻԼߺѾǳУǿ϶ҪԷ
ЩΪûʲôвװƷŹԷļһնĺܲңѾࡣ
Ѷȣǻûа취顣𺣸ҲäĿˣԼߵʵ顣
ʹһǶûа취顣
һҲǷӣʲô֤ݶûеʱ򣬽Щ˸ɵԼΪû˲ɣ
ϴⳤе飬ҵǿԸ㶨ֻ飬֪оô
𺣸ͻȻ飬ЩĿŶԷʵΪô죿
Լ𺣸Ϊ飬Ǿ飬ôҾģΪС
Ҫ˼նˣǶֱΪ𺣸ҪҪȻΪʲôʳأ
ҪҳɹǵжİԼôӵľ£ҪȥĻĲôпܻԼ֪пܻز
ƶѾΣգлǶӳⲻǲ·
ʱûа
𺣸ðһ仰óҪûа⻹ʳ
һĿŶԷø𺣸Щë
ϴʲô𺣸һʵı£ܸӣֺܼ򵥣Ѽһ
ûʲôֻҪ㡣գ۾˵ģƤֻǸ𺣸ȴҡҡͷ˵ǸоңʲôҪ˵ľ˵ҿԽܡ
ûУֻҪ㣬˵ô죬Ҿô졣
ǿɰ˵ֻǸ𺣸ȴ̽Եʳһ䣺ȥأ
Ȼԡ
չһЦ˵ϴûôȻҪҿ飬Ǳֱֲȥ˼Ҵﶼȥʲôֻһ뿪ǷӰ죿
δ𺣸ẦԸ𺣸ǰٷְ١
һ紵𺣸ͻȻоԼ۾Щʪ֪ԼΣδ뵽Էεĵز
Ҫ֪һȥֻ³пܻزⲻǹҼңʵʵΣա
𺣸󶼲֪Լ˵ʲôǲ֪Լ˵ʲô
Щ㰲źãҵĿĺȷǾǱҪûа취̼Ҿ鷳չˣҸһֽ㣬ұ𡣡
ȻԼԻȴףЩ鲻˿ԿƵġ
һ֪ԼǶԣǴʲôԼڰˡ
ϴֻǺ飬ʵϣûбҪȥðգûбҪ
𺣸ȴǲԸóȥˣȻֻ֪ҪպҪǳⳤֻǻʮּ򵥡
ǳһ飬Ǿûǿ
һɽֺûйĹϵҪʲôҪԸǣûһԸΪǿ
ȻһֱŬϴףֻ飬Ϳġ
ˣЩ֪ˣ㻹ǿųУҪһ֪֮һｫиˣ㿴ҽв
ǰ˵ʱŸоԼһϴģ
˵ģоԼѹƸ𺣸ĵطࡣ
ʲô鶼˼Ҹ𺣸ƾʲô
Ϊ֮ǰ˼Ҹ𺣸ͶͿ̨ø𺣸Ϊƴ
ûô棬鶼һʱЧԵģҪǽʱЧԸӳΪҪǣҲһҰĵˣԼֻܹڳУˣαڣ
ЩˣһңЩֵܣһڵ±ôʱ䣬һֱ顣
𺣸תǰĨ۽һ˵ϴͷģֻҪһڣⳤоͱ䲻죬Ҫı¶ûУҲԼĨˡ
ԸˣҪλãԼ棬ʲôλãףֵǶˣҲģЩ˴˿ԴɹʶȽϺãһ˲ţ˭ûа취ϵ飬˲Ҳ١
ָڻڴ˵ǼǵԼղŴӦ顣
˼һڣɲǰ׸ģҪǲһλãֻ»öԷҶô
ס𺣸ȻᴦЩ飬Ҫ鶼ˣԼҲüˡ
ˣı͵ߣ𺣸ǼЩǮȥ
ͲĶ𣿡ͻȻðôһ仰ȴ̲סЦ˵ΪҸ麦𣿡
ĸоԼЩ޷׳ղڴڴ˶֪һ¾˯ŵʱ֪ʹ۵ʱˣֻ˯һһҹ˯ˡ
ղŸ𺣸ͳ飬Ȼûϸ˵ôףǴ֪ǾǸ𺣸ҪóȥһΣյ飬пܻز
û̱̬˵һǸ˵Ļø𺣸ı⣬ȴôı⣬ҪȥĺΣյ顣
ܼ򵥿⣬̺Ķȴô޷⡣
ʲô麦أһֱһ˵Ǿ͸𺣸ǲһڵģΪ̫ˣѹסʱпܻᷴ㣬ȡλá
Ŀųʵһֱɻĵط˺˵ΣĿô
飬ûа취ش㣬ֻҪһ䣬ҪҲҸô찡һЦݵ˵⣬·˵𺣸Ҫôô
һ°ɣ˵˼ά𺣸
˵ҪҪߵĸԶǱҪ㹻Ρ


246 Ϧ
Ĳͬ뷨Ҫһ˵Ұû˭ƺ⣬˵ҰĻ͵£ֻ»ᷢһЩԤϵ顣
ܲףΪʲôɱѵͲ¸𺣸ıλ
˵٣Ҳʶ١
ȴЦȴڼǹңʲôʱظϾʱ䲻࣬ҪԼҪȥҲҪǱŪ㶫ҪȻֻҪ鷳
ߣܿͻ
·ţʱʱΧһۣԷ˿ǴӴ
ʱ򣬳ɲʲôĴ֮˵ó־ͳ֡
ģطʺģ
ȴǺܿ϶˵һһȥǵһΧĻ
ɨΧһ֮ûзʲôŷ
˴Сʱ𺣸ȴѾǰ濪ųˡ
ĻҪЧʡ
ȴЩԾΪ𺣸Ӻ׷˭֪˼ҾȻǰ档
Чʺܸߡ
Ҳ˵ͷ֪𺣸һֱôѸ١
Ҳ˵ڳͣʱ˫˫ں
һ·ϣĺ͸𺣸һЩ飬ǱĿ񣬺һ㡣
صܲŸ𺣸˵Ҫ𣿡
ûУϴ⼸춼ȥˣڳѾһ˿塣
𺣸ֱóȥˣȥĵʱǻкܶҪֻǵȽĸӻ֮ˡ
ҲΪʲôž͸绰ȻѾˣǾ;˵ȽϺá
֪ڷ𣿡绰ܿ챻ͨίʵ
㣬ϦˡǱȴЩҲ֪Ǻιʡ
Ϧ˭Щ⣬ǲ֪Ǹ˭ӡ֮иûһˡ
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ôôġǵ˵Ǹ˺һ֮Żְɡ
ˡ
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ѾǺˣǼ棬ϼƺáҲ֪ЩȻѾǺãҲܹʲô룬ǿ顣
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ĺǼû뵽ȻĻԼһȥҪ֪ǸطǺΣյģֻҪӵˣǶ֪ȥǱȫƴ
ֻǳȻѡһ·һҲ֪ǹǲô˵ȴǲ
а˾ġ
Ѿûа취ȴ֪Ϧһǰֻ¾ǲԼôʱ䣬ԼȥǲȥԷʤ
ڹҵ绰֮;ֱǱ߸ȥ
˿̣棬ﶼΧһ˧˵˵ЦЦ˾Ϧ
һţˣֻջǱˡ
ⲻȻϦڶЦȴоԷڿԼ
Ī˸¡
޶ӳһͻأҵЩһ
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⻰˵ģ飬ǿɲ޶ӳģͲ֪ǲǹ鿴ڳе
һϦЦ˵Сģ缸궼ó˵صˣֻΪһЩԭ򣬻һЩҲֻʱ⡣
ƽ棬Щ˳ƺҲǾǳΪսӣطֻһֻפ
ϦͻȻ˴һȻǶûʲôΪ飬ôһ߹ͻȻ˭ҲᰲϾٴһѹ⻰ɲǰ˵ġ
λ׳ҪʲôֻΪ·˵ضѣصعһк˳һЩˡ
ϦҲ֪Щ˵˼ʲôֱӽ͵ҪĻ˭֪ЩջǷ鷳
Ϧ⻰˵ڳ˶һȴȻһﻹǲϷŹ
ҲףҪǶԷô׷Źǲǹ顣
ڶѾˣȥԷ˵Σ
ͻȻһ׳Ϧ˵֪˼ҵĻﲻܹȫţֻҪд˾ͺãһжС顣
áϦûоܾЦЦʹӦˡ
Ҹ¶ЦݣϦһɣʱǻҪһ£ȳԸôҲܾɣ
ϦлҲΪһ仰
ûоǷμã˼ҶʣĿĺԵˡ
ڳ˶˾Ȼһ۾ͿϦԾȴҲûɵȥʡ
һһ׳ĳͲҪôǡ
ôһֱ߼أ⹤ʵ̫ˣǸ÷ɷɵˡ
һȥɣҪԼɻһ
ôʱ䣬һֱûлһٷô룬ôҲҪһɣ
һȰǶԼͬѡվϦߡ
á
ЦЦǴӦˡ
ԺʲôȴҪЩӣ˼֮ǰԷüˣֻʱľʮֵĸӣǲȥȾʲô
ڶѾʱŻЩɵˣҪǻȥĻֻ˭ûа취
ӦϦһ˿ݡ
㶼ˣ֣һһֱġΪô۸ɣ
Ҵǰ̾ٵˣвʣģ
Ϧÿһѹʱ򣬿ǱԼϸ˶ٵĴȣǺ⡣
дˣ˵һǶˡ
ҲеĸȥˣϦ˼ҪǿԳԼ⣬ǿ϶ϦһԣǵƤˮ
ոյǱߵʱһȺ׼ȥҲģԷ׼ȥһûп
ܿͱһ˧˸סˣȻеֻǿ߶ǿߵˡ
òϵȣֺãȻоԼһ˿ѹ룬˾˭
ûпȴͣ˵Ǹʱ飬ҪǳȥԷ
ס
ʾ⣬Լ֮ǰ
Ǻǣλǳ٣˹ˣ
ʱϦĳȴͻȻǵԱͣ
ǰĳҲΪĳͣͣ
ǣ
Ϧ룬λս϶Ѿ߹ɣ
Ǻǣ׹ǰкܶڵȴλʧˡ
ղžѾϦڿĵһۣѾԿ϶Էһǿߡ
ϦϵƣѾڳǰΡ
ͷƤЩ飬ԷԼ󲻵ʮ꣬۷״̬˵ʵֻǺֲ٣һﶼпܡ
ҪӵôһǿˣȻûԷʵҪʲô
ɲʲôɵӣһ¶֣˶Ǻ
׼˵ʲôʱϦȴǿ˵߰ɣһһٷĻɲ࣬طˣǶԺкܴģҪ֪ڲ֪Ҫ鷳Ѷ·
ϦбһЩ鶼֪һûиĻᡣ
﷢ëЩĿⶼʲôƨ°
ǣԷȺ֮УĪһ


247 ޷Ӧ
֪ǳϼŵʱЩ˿ĺܣô˵߿Ǻ֮ܶģʶôһ˵ĻԺǸԼЩݰ·ӣҲǿԶһ·ġ
ҲǵԼ˶پƣľȴǲЩ֮УȻԿֱһ׳ȵ֮žǣ˯һ㡣
Ҳò˶٣ϦЦ֪һʲộָѾñѵ׼ˣ˭ԼôùÿһζǺͶԷԳ塣
ָ̣ϦԼһƣЦҶָ̣ʲôʱָһңɲǣҵĶ͡
Ϧ⻰ɭҧгݵĺľⶼһ롣
˶ڳǷûкˣǵìܼǾ֪顣
ǳԷʲôģǶû˻Ὣ˸һ
ȥ飬Ҿһ仰д𣿡
һǿԸûеͷһֱΪԼˡ
д𣿡
ϦЦЦЩڵϦֻѾЩ
֪Ϧ׾ʲô飬ȴĿŶԷ˵Ϊûд
Լ˵ûдĵʱʲôּǸŮôҪǲһֶΣΪ˼һῴ⵱ģЩҵ˿һߣΨһԾŵĻᣬȴ˸ӸٵҪһûл˵㿴ʲôˣʲôûֻΪ˻ٵҶٵң˵ҿԲ𣿣
ϦĿ˵Ҳģǵ֪һȥ˭ʱҲ޷
Ϧް
Ҫ˵ٵǰ̣ģ
Ҫҩһᱻı䣿
һ뵽ÿһǺһٽŮ˯һϦĶǧٿס
νӲԼϣǲ֪һʹܣ
Ĭˡ
Ϊûд
ֻǣ˭棬Ƕ˵ûд
ϵ£˭ֵܷԴأ
գֻܹĬĬ˵һ䣺ǺϷϺܵ˵֮ǰûгһ̯飬Ҳϧģϧ컯ŪˣʲôҪ˵ģµɣǿ϶ҪȥģҵĻֻһΡ
Ҳһˣ֪ǰпܻȥȴǱҪˣΪһˣҪһֱڹΣգһҲˡ
һڳеҲЩ׶١
ãһˣ㻹Ůһɣ
ϦһƿƾͳԼĶӹȥҪв˳ĵ鶼档
Ƴ˶Էһ˵ڣʲô
ٻӱǵһʹģǸǲǹҵǿһĸ£ôţ
뵽ǸŮ˸裬Ϧûа취ƽҲΪ飬Żôһ
ֻӵܣҪԼˣôأ
ֱֱĿϦҧⲻܣԲܣ
ǺǣԺ·кܶࡣ
Ȼ˵ˣϦҲȥǿʲôѾдˡ
鶼ЩأȴǲڣҪǼ
˶ЩԱŪȥƵϢǺȾƵʱ򣬶ѡĵط
ͷβûȥֻȴûпѣҲ֪ûȥԳԼߵǾƵͷġ
ʱ򣬿ȴûпܵˣɴֱھƵסˡ
ǸŮʲôˣھƵͷʵǺ棬ȻһŮֵöԷôࣿ
ǸŮ˵һˣһƯܰŮˣ˭ǿۣư
뵽ǸŮˣҲ̲ס˵ǲϲٻӱһԼʱΪʲôҪµ뷨ֻ飬ȴûа취˵ˡ
һǸŮ˵飿
ЩһʲôŮˣȻϦ˶Ϊ֮ǹң
УҪȻҲңҪ֪ô꣬һֱûа취ĽᣬǱŮ˸Ĳڽ£˵һǴϦ˶ôĵˣȻ֪ʲô
Ļǹƾǵ㲻ǾǸ𣿵ʱ˿ԿǱ߰
˵ȴЩε˵Էԭ㲻֪ǸһЩ˷Уʱ˵ңǶ£ҪҲ֣顭
⻰֪ΪʲôϦһŮˣһ˶˵ĻǸŮ˶Ϧʲôøоأ
ֻ±˵飬ǶСģ׵飬ֻ¶ǻð
֮׼ǰȥǱߵ顣
Ҳô࣬ȺʱԴʲôҪ֪ҪʲôģսǳɱŰɱһЩ֣ͨǶ׾ٵ顣
Ҳûжİ취Ͼû߳˵ʵΣûа취֤ҪȥҪ˷
˿Է鶼С飬·˶ûУǲ鷳顣
ȥʲôʱʼ
֪ڳеľƻ̫ȶҪҲеأ
ʵϣ֪ڳʲô׼ȷû˿֪طʲô
һ˵ҹڶпܻῪʼ˵Ǳ߿ܻʲô䶯һЩҲôҲ֪һʼǹٷģڷʲôĻǺпܾͻ˸һȥǸŮҲС
飬Ҳôûв̫飬ԲôЩ鵽ʲô
㶨ǣ˯һ
ȻûкȴҲۣôҪϢãҪȻ״̬ܲ
˵ͱۣҪ硣
á
̾˿Ҳֱӵ£ȳò˶٣Ҫ֪һʼʱЩ˶ڶϦƴƣĺȾƣǶѾмʮˣҪ˵һǺƴһȵĸס
۾˯ˣƣлˡ
ѹʱѾڡ
ǸһĻܹȣЩ˲𡣡
̾ľ
ŻµŷԼ߹Էˡ
һ߳ų˵㲻ȥһ
ûʲôоҪ
оԼҲûʲôֻǾһѡ
ѾһٷŵţһιȥֱӿͺģҪûʲôĻǺģڼҡ
˵⻰ʱЩˣһϢһ˵ҪûȷȫԵĻôҲܻô˸ȥġ
İȫ𣿡ȴôţҪ֪Щط˲֪ʱ䣬᲻֪ЩطжôĿֲ
˵ǸطûʲôɣеֻһΪ̵ɱһжֻΪ档
Ҫôˣʲô飬ҲǿģЩҰˣԴǲԵģ֪ôͻȻı⡣ǲҺˣôһ˵֣Щ˶һ֪ġ
Щ֣Ҫ֪˺Ҳԣôô׾ͱ˸֪
ҾͲ֪֪ʲôֻԼȷ
ؼҴһ£˾ҪȥǱ߼ϵˣҪʱûдĻ֮Ҫֱߡ
û뵽ôżоЩԾŶԷʵʱôôģ


248 Ҫ
ȥǱ߰ɣʲôʱֱȥǱߣǻЩ˵ǹҲ⼸飬絽Щ׼
Ҳ֪ڵʲôģ
ֻƲ⣬һǲôı䶯ġ
ֻһεȴЩأǲŻôĶ
áҲûʲôҪģǸ𺣸Ǳߣٻؼһˣȥǰһ¡
飬ԥʱʱҪ
Ҫ֪һ¸֪飬ֻ¶ԷôΣյ飬Էôȥġ
Ҫʲô˵ֻһӶڣǰ·˷룬׾ͻȥ˭֪ûлٶȼأ
գȥ̻Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô̻ġ
үû뵽ԨȻҪǶԷŹĺܡ
ү𣿡бµˣǺģ˻ԶһĹǸѵá
ӳ̻Ǳ߹۲죬֪ǰҲһ˲õĴڡ
棬үȥͿˡ
ԨǸӵ˵Ѿ֪̻϶ΪӰˣȻ鶼û˵ȴҲһʮֿ϶顣
áֱ߽ȥ
̻ûڰ칫ëд֣һҵʱǶ
ܶķҵʱûʲôֻܹһķйԼı
һֱĬĿų̻д̻֪ˣҲûʲôӦļд
ֱСʱ֮󣬳̻ڻīʱ򵭵˵ʲô飿
ҪˡҲ֪Լô˵ɴһ˫ص˵
ߣ̻Ȼ˼ü˵ȥҪҪ˺һȥ
ûãȥһ˹⡣鶼Щص˵Ҳ֪ԼΪλԼ뿪̻һ㡣
ݺ˦˦ͷеͷ˦ȥǲסͷԼֻһðүѣ㲻Ķӣ㲻ǡ
̻ӳ̻Ļ֮ʲô̧ͷų˵ȥã
֪ҪȥãҲûиҪǿ٣ǿ϶һ֮ڿԻҪĻֻһӾˡ
дĳ̻ȴһ٣Щص˵Ҫȥʲôط
⡣ղŶѾشһΡ
ֻǳ̻һʵ岻֪ͬҪʲô
һҪùọ́ҿҪһΪȥȡպΪһп׵ꡣ
ʵϣҲڶһĵˣԺɻڴ֮󲻻Ὣ
ȻҪǶԷǳҲʲôⱾʧˣ˭֪Ժ飿
Ÿ𺣸ƶѾаţֻǲ֪ʲôš
ֵƱ䣬ȥȡĶע޷ʵ֣պճ
̻ǹˣȻ֪ʲô
ʵϣʱҲֻȴǿˡ
˫ĵλ̫󣬿˵̫٣Է֮Ͷ
̻ûйԷˣ˴ûпһֱһ渶ġ
ֻǳһȴǻСȥһδ֪ǰ̣޷ܡ
ֵá
ȴǺܿ϶˵ҪһλˣԺҵĺôҲкܶ࣬Ҳ֪ǲһֱڳţҪ߳ȥҪһӶǡ
ҲԼִţ̻Ȼ̾Ϣһ˵Ȼ㶼˵ˣҲûʲô˵ģֻҪһ仰Ҫʲôܿھǡ
ûС붼û˵ʲôҪ
̻֪ô˵Ը񣬵ȴĺӣ˱ĺӣֻǶԷԸ⣬ֻܹ֮ų˵ԼһСġ
ˡת׼ȥ̻ȴͻȻʲôʱߣ㡣
ĽŲͣ˼ӣջͷҲص߳ȥ˵ˣҿһóϼŸһ¥
ڳϼǺܴ󣬵ȴû嵽ȫΨнӰӰ쵽еطǲĴ
̻ųıӰֱǱӰʧԶȥһҪŻ
չ˺үӡھԨߵʱôһ仰ˡ
Ԩ޷ĸ飬ǵ˵ͷ˵ҵְ𡣡
лټ
һ仰ȥ
ԨȴǸпһ
ûȥսãֻǷֱһ绰ˣҪˡ
˶Щ㵣˻û׷ʣȴǿ϶˵Լġ
绰ҵǶ֪ʲôһҪ绰ʱ򣬳ȴһֱ֮ͨС
Ǹ𺣸ǵ绰ȷĸƽˣҪˣǾ͸Ÿ𺣸
飬Ҳûж˷ԣֻȴһٵѯʳҪʲô
ȴʲôû˵ϾЩ飬ǻܣʱҲô֪
ȴ˽¼ſڡ
ڼ𣿡ֱ֮ӿӶʵ
ڡӶҲЩףҪʲôôÿһˣһߣʲôɱû
ҸҪһ档Ҳ֪ǷԼȥô˵ԼȴôҪȥġ
á
ǸӶѸٽȥֻܿͳˣų˵뿴㡣
Ŷ鷳ϣԺлټ
˵⻰ȴֱˡ
ȴվڴ߿ųıӰ鶼Щܣ쵰ˣʲôû¡
С㡣
»ڳ˼ʱǸӶȴ߹˵ˣ˵ϴлټ
ǸӶ˵Ļȴý˶ЩżҪûʲô飬ǿ϶˵Ļġ
绰
Ǳߵǽӵĺܿ٣·ڵȴԷ绰һֱҪ˵һԲֻûᣬԺúñԼвҪöҵԴ˰Щ˿ɲʲôˡ
һ仰˵ֱ֮ӹҵ绰
¸ûлѯʲô
ιι˵
ºŭŴʵЩѯʿǲǷʲôˣ
ǡ
ֱӸ绰ȥܿзˡ
Ҫһ˹š
Ҫ𣿡
Ǹ𱣻һЩˣҾͲ֪ˡ
֪Ҳ࣬ôһʲô˶ûиߡ
֪ˡµЩ࣬ȴڷҸ
ֽȥ˺üطΪȥһ˵ĵط
ܶ˶оʲôҪѯʲôȴʲôû˵
ȴҪһ˴绰ԥ˺ܾãջûи绰ȥ
ҪȷһЩ֮ȥ绰
һи㶨֮󣬳һ绰˵Ѿ㶨ˡ
á
Ҳû뵽ô졣


249 ˼
ҵ绰֮Щ㶣ЩķչѾԤƣһжˣô죿
ۿۡ칫ҵű˸죬Щ˵
ȴһ벻ˡ
ôˣ
ֱվǲ˵ôû뵽ϦȻĪһʲô˼
ϴ˵飬㿼ǵôҪֻ֪һΡϦȴǲԸģʮٻӱ¡
ʵңĿʲô
оʮֵĲԾϦ˵ĻʮصˣܻΪһЩ˵Ļ͸ıԼԷֻ֮кܶ˼
Ҫ֪
Ϧǳƺ黹йϵ
ȻҪ֪ǰҪȻʱ˸˻Ǯı˭˵
ּһ׼Ů˸޳ȥ֪ŮԸģ˭ȢŮˣּҵңȢҸѡһɷȥ˸ģҺʲôϵûкò֪˼ô˵𣿵Ҫ·Ҳ£ģǿҺ۸
ϦĿغҲû뵽ԼȻ˸۸ûа취ҵǸ֧飬ٻӱδˡ
飬ĺǻ˵һ䣬ô֪
ʮԾһ壬˭ȥ˭Ϊٻӱô׼޳ȥ
Ҫô׼޳ȥֻѾ޳ȥҪȵ졣
Ұﲻ㣬Ҳ֪ǸŮʲôУҪ˵֮ģ㿴Ǳ£ҿȾȵһ仰û˵ڣ㻹ָô
⻰ʵʵȴôûš
ⲻϦ˵Ҳ֪һȥǱߣǶӳҪʲô⣬ϺĶϺ㲻һ𣿡
ҵ룬ҲҪбΪÿһ˶ʸһŲ˵Ĺϵ⻰˵⻷˵кη
ۣ֮
Ϧ˲䱬˵ҪҪҸطһ㵥֣ҪӮңǹȥˣҪǲܹ͵űʰ
Ҫ֪һֱϦĵʹͿԿԼı³Է˭֪Ϊ飬ûȥǰڵǺãе񾭣
ǿ϶ҪģѺԲ㵥֣˫ֿԴƾ㴦ãʧܣһε飬ܹΪǣٻӱԼֲǲ֪ŮʲôɫҪҵ֪ԸĻҩ㣬ֱ˾ǡ
뵽ȥ飬ľһĺڣ̣ˡ
ϦȴͻȻƽ˵ıĲСɱ˵Ļ椵ģҾһ仰㽫嵽㶨Ůˣһᴦһ˫ӮֶΣҪֻҪּҵ£סʲô𱨲ˣ
ﻹ֪ϦбĿǳҪȻô췴Ӧ
㲻Ҫָҳѣֲǲ֪ǸŮʲô
ȴЩԻ˭Ըȥ
˵ǷⱾ£˵ҪǴӦڻ֮ǰǶǰȫġ
ϦȻּƻ֪Ҫ٣Ҫ㲻ȥֻ¾ûлᣬұ٣ҲҪ룬ڵҪǲãлȥǴӵĶӳܶĶΪдģҪǲԸ⣬ƴŻôߣ֮飬Ҳʲô飿
Ϧ˵һ仰ʱȴЩҧгݣȻ鲢Ǻ˵ô赭дֻΪ˴ﵽĿģ޸ʱ¡
ȻҲ֪ǰϦʲôûɫڴȴǺû⻰
Ҫ˵Ϊ˽ˣǿ϶ĵˣϦģ֪ԷѾġ
ú룬ǶҪȥѵʱһѵǣѾҪǵĶ飬ҲҪ㹻һǿƶȻǿԣֻһ飬˵˭һôһ仰ֻҪóȥŮ˸£Ϊ
ϦҪѹҪ֪һʼѵǾζż֮ھͻһѵͳ
ȴǲ֪ȥȴû⣬ΪѾ
ֻȴͻȻЦҲĵˣ岻Ǽҳ㷹ʱֵܱҸ͵֮Уֱ㣬ǲΪ顣
Ϧŭ˵ڻҵ˸񣿡
붼ûʵ˸񣿡
⻰ˣϦȴȻϰߡ
Ӧģͨ·;ֻһ·Ƕ޸ƼΨԼһȥ
ϦҲ֪˵ȥûʲô˼Ȼʹ˴סŶԷ϶ġ
Ϧȥ֮̾Ϣһ飬ЩӣԼôأ
ԸӵʽԼжϡ
ܶʱΪЩܵģȴûж֪ЩҲ壬ҲԼĿ־壬˿ˡ
ЩרһЩ·ô˵ҲҪвͬ·棬Ҫ˵·һЩֻµʱһЩӰ졣
ɲͷ࣬Ϊȥһطʲôԡ
Ҫ֪ݵ㴩öû˵ǾͲͬ
ҪȻ㴩ĺǼ򵥣˼һΪûǮ·أ
һγȥǸţ϶ҪһЩ·
뵽һ·һ鶼Щơ
·ȥʱҲࡣ
׼߰ɣߵҲˣƻѵǸʲôģһҪСһŮˣҲ֪ǸŮ˵׳ʲô
߳һЩĶóʲô֪ͱ˸ɵ
á
Ǹߣһ¶顣
߳ʱϦҲһȻԷһֱڿ棬ҪȻҲô׼ʱ
ھĳȥ̶ûκε
ϦȴЩҲ֪뵽ʲô
ɻϣ˻ǳĬĺܣ˶Ϊİˡ
ֱҪ·ɻʱϦŵĿ˵ֿҡ
ôģ
ǹ죬뿴ľֿ˲ֹһ˵ҪŮ
ֻǸ⣬˭а취ܣһŶ죬Ϊһе񣬶̲סҪߡ
᲻֪
ϦζĿȻԵѾ²
뵱һС͸ĿֻǸ͹ԳΪԺ·»
˭֪תۼȴһĿų˵ֵܣֵܰɣ
ǡоЩԾ֪ʲô飬ΪôĿ
Ҳ֪׼ҪʹˡĻһתᵽ档
֪ŮˣЩ㲻Ҫҡ
ȴЩȻŲ³ʲôѾҪ飬ҲҲҪ飬ҪȥôһӰɣ
Щ˵ԸȥҸǲȥֲ׷ٻʲô
ֻǷһ¶ѣҲ֪Ů˵۽ܸߵģϲģԷģоҪ鲻ŪãŮ˳²࣬Ҳ빦һɣ
ӲԼϣǲ֪ʲôʹ
Ǻ򶨵ģǸŮ˶Ҫ֣ô򶨣
ⲻææƳ


250 Щ
ϦȴЦǺǵĿŶԷΪôڿҲˡ
ʲôû˵ڻЩʲô
Ҳʲôɵӣɲ˵ô໰ǸоԷһ㣬Ҫʮ˼Էһ
ɻ˾Ǳߣ˴ӷɻ߳ţıڳ
λĺɣϰЩҪλһ¡ڵһīмɷ׳
ֽ׳˳˼ۣǶǲԻֻǸո·ɻѣȴҲһ¡
ߴ磬Ҫҹȥֻһ绰飬ˣ
ЦǺǵ˵˫ȴɨΧƺҪˡ
ÿˣɣϰţУҲߣҶþûкУ֮ȥѵһС㣬ǱڵĲˡ
׳˳ɲϦҪô飬Ҳô
һ飬ˣŻڼҡ
ϦȴôԸ͸׳˳һȥһȥˣֻ½ҪһƤ
ǺǣȻߣҲ֪үжô۰λ̵ˣҾͲţ׳ΪôһС飬үӵӣ
׳˳Ҳ֪ϦΪʲôԸȥֻȴЦѾҪǵ겻ԼȥӢ۾Ϊ飬ҲŮ˶ľһأ
Ҫ˵׳˳ʲôϦڶǻڵóӶˣʲôã
ϦǼѵĶһۣ˶֪˴ҪߵˣҪּҵȥǱˣǾͶ󷢡
߰ɣ
Ϧܼѵ˵֪ԼôżȥǻĶҡ
λѣ͵ǱߡǿŸ׳˳˵Ȼ뽫ڵҪ˼ңҲûлᣬȻóȥĿĵء
ʲôֲǲ֪үϲһҵԮְɣ
׳˳ھǱߵҲ壬ϾּڻǾĴ󣬶һЩȽе飬ǱȽ
һ𡣡Ҳȥ˿־˻ʲôˣһ䣬
Ҫ֪ʲôǿ϶ţڡ
һ˳ȥߵһߣ׳˳˵ˡ
˿ɥȥǱҪڸʻλá
ӺӾǳѾһˣȻ˾Ǹϰ塣
ǲǣҲûа취뵽λһӡ֤˳Ĳ롣
ôҰǲҲҪȥ˼ҵģ
ûдǿһֱҪŰݷãֻûʱˡ
˶Ĭ˵·˼ھ߷ȥǲõּһˡ
˵ųʱҾѾʶ㣬һգҲǺüֿ꣬Ҳûиʲô鷳ɣϰ嵭˵·֮ǰһЩΪǲ
ͷ˵ȻûпֻȴźûпңŮʲô飬ı㡣
У˵Ҳʶʱ䣬˵ģһʼǺܿģΪֻҪ֮ԺͿԽķĸ򶯣㿴ôóô򵥵ƣΪûùӢ۾Ϊһε飬һҹ㣬ӲǸһǰѧϰھǸ׳˳սʤҲֻɣ˵ô޳ȥ
ֿЩʹļ׵˵Ϧһʮ顣
Ǹо治ԾģֻûкٻӱӴ֪ʲô
Ϧȴ亹ˣ̲ס汬֣˸ӵģŮûʱôײУô죿
Ҫ˵ǵˣ˻԰ɱʲôģ˼к̨ĴС㣬ֻҪɳˡ
ҵĴϴ͸ԺҲСǰһεĲҶˣ𣿡Ϧǹϵ˵ֻΪһ·ˡ
мֳɣջǿ˵ϰ壬ѾΪˣһֵ˫ȫһֻЩǣڻûн飬Կ
֣תۼ͵ϣһͬġ
˶η壬Ҫǻȥǲë
飬˭ϲǾ˭ȥ
ϰ壬鵹ģصȥ飬Ϊ˵кܵŮһѷɫС㣬ֻЩŮˡ
ϦǺ֪ٻӱԸԽоԵĶŮԽϲ
ʱëоսûиоΣ
ǺǣҪô˵ǲҪңǻģʲô飬Լ˵
ֿЩƼʲôˣҪһҪһ죬ϼѣЩȴǿԡ
ڳ߳ʱһ϶ѾֿϣֻȴĬѡ
ƼļһԾǳ˭׵úܡ
Ŀ
ĸ˶ûп
أʣǱĿ
ص˶һֱۣôｻ
ֵܾǲȥҲҪȥٻӱѾǵսĻ룬˶ᱻɳڵģҾͲˣŮôôģӲԼ
Ϧѻôʲô
Ҳ֪ڵʲôģǺݶһεǵĽף㲻ܹΪǣǷԽȥ飬ⲻģ˶Ѿźˡһ£˺һļһ㣬㱻һ߷ɣȻ󷢺ݣֱӱİײ
ҪӪǿģ
ϦȴЩԸ˵ƾʲôҰ
ⲻǷϻ𣿵ȥ㣬ңұëðұǿ鲻ȥȥɣôҾͲ벻ס
Ҳû뵽ʱôĺô
ڿĸ׳˳˺ӾһۣҲûй˼ʲô׾Ͷȡ˵̸ݡ
ʵòƲͰɣ
׳˳ųЦʮֵĻϲҲ֪뵽ʲô
ڱĿĳȴЩȻŸ׳˳ʵһ㣬֪ʲô飿
Ҫ˺䣬㲻Ҫô࣬͸ЩͷôҪһ١ôˣ˶ҹһ㣬Ҫ췹ûʲô⻹ûл˵鶼˶ˣ
׳˳⻰˵Ϧôĺʣ
Ϊһ亹׳˳ֿ˵ʲô
Ҫģϰ嶼֧֣Ҫǵʱлᣬ췹Ҫϲ㣬ҪŪ㣬Ȼȥ׷ɱ㡣
·𿴳˳ĵ󣬸׳˳赭д˵ȴǧֻڱڡ
Сǹɣ
ⶼʲôⰡ
ϦΪʲôû췹һˣŮ˲ϲǱǸɹһɵ
ʱоĺڰȴͻȻ뵽һ飬ǾٻӱѾǱٸ˸췹


251 ֵ
Ҫǳڵ뷨ø׳˳ֻ֪һӸɵҪ֪ٻӱǳĸ߰һЩͨҪһûпܵ飬ܻᱻ˸췹
Ƕٻӱò
׳˳˵ѱ˲롣
һȴ˶ò϶ģǾٻӱи߰ʱ
˵Σ˵˶ǹ˫ϲʿһ˶ʿعɼͬĹ˾
Ҫ֪ЩڴѧʱԼһһŴƴģʲô԰
ЩΪ߷ֵܵ˶ûа취˵ʲôʵ
ǳ֪ԼҪԵһˣҲ֪ʲô飬һԿ϶ľǣôû¹˭
Ҫб£ĺϣŮѾûоˣûа취ƺһ˵ʲôһ˵ӲֱӺҪûбƷˣҪʲôأ
ֿĻó̲ס²ҪںܣҾͲŵı¡
룬ǳȴһ˵ǣϰ壬Ǹ߿ˣ޴־Ҳûʲô£黹ǽˣǱ˭б¡
ж˭ᣬȻǶңҲûʲôóɵˡ
ȴôմȾ飬ΪԼʥʹʥҲûı£һŮľͿ£Ҫı£ǻҪʲôСѾ㹻
ҪǿһҪϦȥˣԼЩĲ˵ġ
ֿҲΪԼŮģѾʮ壬˵ʲôģǺһ߶Ǽ亱һûа취¡
ֿĲ£ԼŮһٺϣҪˣǲǴ鷳
ҪȻŶʮ壬ôûкһ߹ʮֵĲѧ
ϦĵͷǶЩΣŮǵǹ룬ȫҪǸƷĽࡣ
ҲԲ²⵽ʲôֻܹ˵һ¸ĸģҲΪҪҸһ˰ɣ
ͻȻ뵽𺣸ƳȥҲӦֽţڸ𺣸᲻ᱻ˸ߣǲᵣĵģҪҪߣôûʲôô
Ҫ˵𺣸𣿡
ͻȻֿųЦЦóЩëԼ߼ûʲôܣҲȻĿŶԷ˵̿Ů
Ǻǣ㹻ʲôãҪˣ飬ûа취˵ҪǿĻͻΪʲô˵
ֿŵĻóЩԺǸŮı£
ֿҲ˵Լ߿ˣȻͻףܿ͵ּҡ
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ڴĵطȻĺԺ䣬Ҫǻ׵ģǾϹ۵Ĵڡ
ɡ
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˶֪Ϊ˽ٻӱ޳ȥֿǲģҪȻĵλҪȥӼС
ȻҲ֪˶֪ҵҪ˵ȢŮĻôû˸ġ
ֻҪɵӣһٻӱжôĿ¡
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Ȣؼ棬Ƕûа취Ȼ粻Ҫá
ϦʱǸоԼǷˮ׳ʿпܾͻһȥ
顣
ǸոսȥûһףͻȻһ޴
˶ϤɳƵһһǺü
Ǹˣʿˮʵĳ̶ȣòĵֻһŮ飬Щֲĸо
ҲΪЩֲɣǵжԵϦȴڳĶֹȻŮ˸Сѹ
òЩҲɵӣųüֿȥ
һϣЩϦȥˣ˵Ҫȥ鲻ܹôȥҴҵ⣬Ǿ͸о򡣡
һöУԷʮ֣ǻݣȴ̲סΪϦĬ
ŮǸö
Ϧ̲סⶼʲô£ԼǺûгԵǵһɧ
С㣬ȥˣͻ
С㣬ҪǲҪ
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ǺĬĺһҪǱΪ˵Ļ飬ǲ顣
ôû˹һңֿ󲽳Ǳȥߵһ޾׵Ůߣмŭ
ſŮģǲˣĴŮǶ˶׷İ
ĵҲ
ǰ
ֻҪԱ˹飬ʲôأ
ֲ֣ǲ֪жô㣿ˣʲôֵȥ
Ůһֱ˻¡
оֻԼ֪ˡ
ˣҿɲţһںͷˡ
ֿ˵ȴЦݣˣ㳯˼ĺѾһˣ˾ҪôھôڣүǱ߿š
ҡϦʱ͸о粻ԣʲô
Ǻǡ
ٻӱע⵽վԶϦˣһҲҪӢ۾
ҿ
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Ҹ˳ףġ
ʹǱҶûа취ĵˡ
Ǻǣһ׼һˣ˶ٸ˷ҲҪҸãˡ
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ֿȴЩصĸоԼ֪˶ȻŮ
Ҫ֪СʱԼմմϲôһŮڣڵǺá
ôһŮѾԼʹԴȪ
ߣ˵ŵ㣬ֵܳţƺˣǰëǰûа취Уûʱ򣬷ˣʱ򣬲Ѿˡ
Ϧ޳ֱܵӽԼֵܣˣԼĳޣٵ飬ء
ⲻ߳ⲻҪһ
˹ʹˣǽǿһ㡣
Ѿʶ޳ʲôģϦ˵ֵܣ˵ƾСչʾһ
Ǻǡֿ̲סЦ˵ǶİɣҪʲôذףҸ
ֿǺݶ
һ仰˵ҪǲѪǶġ
ȻҪٳǲܹѪǾֻϦѪˡ
ٻӱ˫Ц״ҪԼʲôҩ
ÿһζ޲޳ȥÿһˣȴһβһΣʲô


252 
ڽ׵飬ٻӱʲôٲų⣬⻹Ǻ飬⻹ҪȥˣԶ˸
ֻǺԽԽЩ޷ܣǲǴԼڼ棬Ѿʼֵ
ɲ֪ٻӱʲôоԼͷƤЩëŮ˵ʲô
ôоŮ˺Ҫһɣ
ֹǳ˶оٻӱƺЩԾ
ֵܺٻӱûгްɣ
Ϧ˿̾ȻҪǲ֪ģΪǺֵܡ
ûаɣЩŵ˵ϾҲʶʱ䣬˭֪֮ǰ飿
ֿȴЩ뵽Ůôˣ֮ǰûĪʲôӣ
ֻ·ѡ
ͻȻðһ仰ʱ˶оһֻѻڷɹĶȣ
͡
˭֪ٻӱȴͻȻЦЦʮֵĲã˶Щܿ˶Լÿ
Ҫ֪ڶ֪ô뿪ŶԷǲԼҲڣ
֣ѡˣûеȳ׸ôٻӱȴǿųЦ
Ȼֿû뵽ԼŮЦеĽܳʶһλǾүĴˡ
Ҫŵģ˭֪Ȼǣ飬ЩɣүԼľ
ʮֵأصͲ֪ʲô֪һ㣬ǾǾЩһ㣬ÿһԼʲôҪʱа취
ֻǳȴǺܲϲĸоȫ綼֪飬һ˲֪
˶ϸȻ֪ү˭һЩԾ
ôһţ˵ĴˣôڳСطأ
ΪܲٻӱȴȤųЦүĴˣӦкܴı°ɣ֪û˼ҹа
ٻӱȻЩ޳⼸ȴϲ顣
ȻЩϦĹͣҪȻϦҲЩηֲֲܹܹΣ
ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳϲ˴򡣡
ô䣿
ٻӱȴǼ
ǡȴָ˵һֱЩ㵣ǿų֪ʲô˼
ʲô˼Ҫ˵ٻӱǿųʵѾ³˼
˼ԣҪǺĻӮûʲôã˸˵۸Ůˣ˵ĻӷģȻ˵ⲻĻ׼ȷ˵Ĳ˴ʲôģѧϰĶɱ֮
ܶʱֶʶĶɱ֣鶼Ǳܡ
ߡٻӱҲ֪⻰ȷģܲˬ˵Ȼ˵ҵҪ֪ʲô£ǵҸطԡ
ЩŮ˻ԼǱ̨ʣֿ˼㲻Ů
ȻֿҲ֪ٻӱЩˣ˵Ůʲô˼ҳǾǷУΪӲɣ
ֿ⻰ٻӱǲˬȴҲʵҪ֪һֱڴɱɱ֮жȹô໨ȭչ֣
һΪȻģȻҲ˼
δأ˼Ҷ˵ֿշ磬ҾͲ޷顣
ٻӱҪͳһ¡
̾Ϣһ˵㲻ҵĶ֣㻹ǺֵϦһҪӮˣٺ˵Щ
Ҫ˵޳ܣһһ
Ϧɫмֵѿղ˵ֵܣֻһԣĿΪ˳ƳڵǺã˼ҳһ
һЦݣûʲôǿԼĵ˵ùôˬ
ֿȻ֪ϦʲôϵԷȻĻˮǲⲻ鶼˲֪٣ŮҲǲģֻǲ֪ŮǷа취ˡ
ֿ˺׼ûбֵĺЩһѱ˵ûʲôΨ֪ף˼ҳİ˺ò
ٻӱҲǱȻΧЩ˵񶼸۵ס
Ժ󶴷ǲҪֵһٻӱݲǰ˵ģ⻰˵ΧҪЦֲ˼ֱЦһǱĺࡣ
ɫ糣꾭Ů˵ĻҪ࣬ô׾ͱ˵ĵͷ
ҴʲôãӮˣ֤ʲôˣʧȥʲôѾţҽֵֻġ
ɲŮ˾ݣ˭֪滹ʲô鷢
ֻǳ⻰˵ȴǸٻӱ޴裬о޲ȥһ㣬˵ʵȴҲЩѿ
Ϧ˵ֵʲôôͻȻ͵ˣȥֻǶд鷳ûпϰģŮҪǼ޲ȥǵӿ϶ù
Ҳֹô죬Լʲô֪
⻰ܹ˵ֻܹôص˵ʲôã취ɣϰ˭֪ڳЭȻԼԸ⣬㻹ָһİΪ
ֿĿһУ˭޷֮пʲô
ٻӱͻȻĵЦܺãΨһһǰ˹ܾҵˣ㣬㲻Ŷѣ˼Ҷ˵ϲ£ٷţ㱻Ҹϣּ֮Ҫȥʲôط׾ٵġ˵⻰ʱ۲飬ƺҪ֪Է˼
Сּңֻǣ㻹ʸš
ЦЩ飬ڶּ֪ʲộֻܹǣԳŮֱȥҽ鷳
ϾڻȣܶʱȨǴһС
˼˶˼һ˽㡭
ٻӱͻȻתȥ˶Щɵۡ
漴ϦȴЦĿų˵ϲˡ
ϲʲô
Щ죬Ȼ֪Щ˵˼ƺЩԾ
ֿߵǰų˵Сӻ֪ķģҪ㱻ˣҲΪ㡣
ֵֿ㹻Щʲô鰡
ȥЩҪ˵һ¡
ղΪЩûȷֿû˵ڶѾȷȻǺǽһ
ߵһ鷿֮С
ϦǲİΨгǵһ
ҵ鷿ϲĵطֿų͵
֪ʲôҪûĻҪ뿪
ôо̤ʵ˵
ֻǣ˿ȴЩЦҪȥЩҪġ
ңоԷǳԼģ
ⶫȿ
ֿһȫӢĵļ˳
ҲʶЩ
ǾԼڲ
үõˣͲҪҿЦ
ֿЩˣҶˣǰװǽǸɵ
ų˵һжѾ˸ˣ˼Ҷһῴ㣬ʲôҪٻӱٷܶʮ꣬ҪĻᶼûС
ûдֲǲ֪ҵΪĻᣬʲô޳ֶܵζóûáҪúϧĻᡣ
ϦҲ˵ȴǸоԼƺڲ֮·ԽԽԶ಻Ծ
ֻǣô룬Ҫڵ飬ļ˵Ӧǻļɣ
ֻиϵ˲ʸ񿴣УһŮŶӵĸˣһε飬һ·ֻʮֵĲƽҪҶʮСʱ


253 
ֿȻ˵˼ǵԴǣϾǱôΣգһԱˡ
ȴô˵ȷ㲻ڿЦҪ֪ҿһˣһ˶ʲô˼
ǸоԼЩˣһǷһǾͲܹӣкǼ򵥵飬ΪʲôҪôӣ
Ҫٻӱһڣѣ
ͲŻĹǱߣһŮڶҲ
飬ʱֻ֪ܹһ仰ԱڼҵĲ֮У飬ĵ
Щ鲻˵ֿҪóٻӱЩҲֱ˵
ʱףֻڲҲƽҪȻҲ˵Ļ
˱Ҹӵĺʣֿ˵ǲκ̫ӢۣԼˣһŪãֻҪ
һѾ飬һŮѣ˵һһŮһĺʣһεѣҪ㲻ԸĻһþү˵Ը
ֿóо׹Щ鲻ġ
˵үͻȻ뵽үʲôˣ
㿴
ֿóһƬһƵվһˡ
ϲƬԼ;塣
ʱѰʱ򣬾үⶫ˰ɣ
ֿ˵ϣǳףҲҪס
ԭԼһʼڣǶھ档
ȻѾȷˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ãҿԱŮֻղ㲻ҪָҳΪŮ˵ʲôãȴǰȫһҵС˭ԸȢ˭ȥ
ǱŪ£֪ٻӱʲôǾڽӴǲʲôƲ硣
Ȼͨһ£ʵϣ˲ֻЩƫִȺģ㡣
ֿ⻰ڳ˶ۣ⻰Լš
гȥţǸһ䣬Щٻӱ
ԣԴ
˵ȫǵСϰԡ
߳㿴һɫȹӵٻӱ
ǵ࣬Ů˶Ů񷶡
ֻĶŮЩġ
߹ȥٻӱ˵һϣǿԺ졣
Ұֶ˵ˣ˿̵ٻӱȴʮָ䡣
˵ˡ
Χķ羰ЦЩףΪʲôҪαװɸղģأ
αװ𣿡ٻӱϣų˵Ҫÿһ춼һΧ㣬Ҫ׷㣬ʲôо
ĬȻÿһ˶ס
ߡ
ͻȻٻӱóҲû˵ֱӸߣҪ֪ٻӱҪʲô
߹ͥԺһɻ档
طģζ
Ѿ֪ҵһЩɣٻӱʯʣ紵㷢ҡҷһʱЩˣòϣŮ
Ư𣿡ٻӱֳȵѾϰߣоΪûҪĸоҶԷ̹ϵֱһ֮ء
ƯǲʵҼŮ֮Уһˡ
Ŷ
Դٻӱ֮Ϊ˵飬һϣæ
ղٻӱȥ˽һ³ĹȥԼԳЩȤ
һˣٻӱġ
ʲô飿
о鲻СпܻӰܴ
ܼ򵥣ϣԶ˵ҡ
ٻӱ˫۾ĿųóЩţǻǲ㽫
ȷ㲻ڿЦ
һڿˮ˵֪ԼѾ̤һٲľأвֻ̤ҪЩ˵ϣɲΪԼ޵С
ٻӱŮˣĵǱţһƵʱͻ̣һСǸȥףֻ»ᱻձ˸Χңô˱Щ˸һںš
ٻӱŮȻǱŴٸʱ̶ţ˼ҲҶٻӱ֣Ūټ򵥲顣
бҪЦ𣿱ѡģֻȴһ㳤ûУϦˣȴпãõĺܣҪȻҲˡ
ЩǸҲ֪θ롣
ȴǺܵȻ˼ʲô۲飬ΰΣ֣Щ鲻ô˵ģԼҪŮ˵ְҪǵʱŮԼһѣ˵һЩȥֻԼĻӵĲҡ
ԼΪʲôһҪŮˣǳ벻ףҪǿԲŮˣ뿪һ鶼ûС
ֻǣΪĹϵֻƿ
ٻӱҲ֪ķҪǳĿ취ǲ˲ǻ߿֣Ϊ֮Ķ˵
ҪҸɵƣѰҵˣ
˸һֽᶨĶ·Ѿ˾
ȻٻӱҪ֪ô
ףһЩҲܰװΪ㶥ףҲ֪Ҫ׷㣬˵ĳֻ֣ǻᵼҳеĲֱ̡
֪ЩǰԼЩҵ˼Ҷ֪
Ҫʲô
ٻӱѾ²ȴǶԳٶãҪֻı£ջǻᱻЩ˸Ū
ҪȨѹң档ΪŮΪʲô˵ģЩûа취ģ㻹Լţʱ򲻵ֹǶˣǶСɲɵĳ̶ȡ
ٻӱ͵˵ͱ˲ͬЩ˵ǴӣһֳЦ
ҵҪӣҲҪⱾҪǺݵ˿ЩȨȻҲѡҪȻ·һ
ûɵӣǳԲĶǲܹǡ
Ҳûа취ӲͷƤ
ΪпҪѡ㣬ҲԼб¿ҪΪ֣ҼҶ
ٻӱҲ֪ԼЩǿѣֻ˼ô࣬ôһŮѵĳƺţǶѾĪĹ٣㻹Ҫʲô
ͷЩص˵оҺ鲻ƾôŷȥ㲻ܹϣĲ֡
ٻӱԼļ֣ҲԼļ֣Щǲܹģһֻȫʬ
ᴵ˶Ĭ
Ƿòأ
ֻһҼұǵڱĵλ
飬Ժֻкܴ鷳ҿɲܹôɵ
ҾͲžү˻ôûб£
ҼҶ֪үĴڣôҲ֪Щ̫ҵֶΣҲó
˼ٻӱջǾûпܴӦôֻܹ࣬˵߲ų
ٻӱֻǴӦһڳȴûʲôãҪ֪ЩȨĺӣʲôԣ
ߵûа취쵽оҾҲȥɣ
ٻӱЦǳвҪ֪һȥĻһжա
ٻӱʱųʲôǶûа취ˮõϡ


254 
ٻӱ֮ǰû᲻ȥûôȨЩΪǡ
˿ЩżУҪȥĻԼȥһ׵ˣ
ͱҲֻ̬ȵ飬ܶʱ򣬿֣һ˼·ȴǿ
ֻٻӱȴǲ֪ҲûеҲ֪ô롣
ٻӱݣϣʮֵĵһôԣ㵹ûжѡģЩȻ
֮ԿٻӱûʲôѡΪоԷּУǴֻֿʲôء
ҿԴӦ
ٻӱǲطò֪Щ鲻ܹˡ
Ŷûʲô̸ˣ׼سУⱣ飬Ұ첻
ҪȴҲûҪԼСϣջˮ˵˵ѣ϶Լһٻӱ̫Ĺϵʱ֮ĵϮƵֻߵ
ܴʲôǶ˵Ҫٻӱޡ
ٻӱûпֻǿԶƺò
ֱӳȥ˫Ѿ̸ʲô
ıӰҪʧʱٻӱͻȻҴӦ
ӵǳȴûʲôʤĸо֪Լһε֮лʲô
Ҳּ꣬ҵİҲǶСһǿĵˡ
߻ȻԼӦ飬ȻҪ˽һЩ顣
ٻӱȴ΢΢һüûôȨоԼƺЩļˡ
֪
˫̯ʾԼҲЩΣ֪ô
;үĹϵʮָӣ
ٻӱ̽ԵʵҪֿ˵;үĹϵôţȻ˵Ĵˣⲻ˵Ц
Ҫ̽ô֪࣬ĲࡣЩε˵
ߣʱѵǻңһЩʹֶΣеʱҪСһڶˡ
Ȼ˫ѾɺٻӱҲһЩҪע߳
֪鲻ô򵥣ʵǸڶ˭
ڶһƷĺ
ٻӱ֪˵̫ĶӦҲ֪ѡΪֱӵĽ͡
׷ߣ
֪ͬˣֶǲͬҲԵķ
˺׷ߣһֱҪ̲ҼҵĲҵ
ٻӱ˵Ǹ˵˼Ȼαװĺܺãôùأ
Ŷʲô𣿡Ҳ׷ʲôֶΣû壬ˮڣı档
ûˡ
ٻӱûкͳ˽˼˫ֻһװˡ
صֿǱߵʱѾ̸ˡ
߰ɡ
Ҳʳղźٻӱô̸ȴһʯͷ
ֱȥ˾
ͳסһᣬϦһĻؼҡ
ôˣϦıӰʵΪһʲôû̸á
뵽Ϧȥ֮飬Ķһ󳩿죬ҪţȻҪȥŻ㱨ˣǺ飬˵Ҳ֪ʲô
⻰һ˵ҲЦѾ֪Ϧʲô
ˣϢһ£ƽͻѵǶӳλǶҪĵط㹻ĻȨǻҪԼҪȻֻ»ᱻ˸۸
ΪʵĵطѾЩ֤ԼʵǳûУҪһȥЩ˿϶Գѹ飬ûа취⡣
ɲֻ۸ļһ˵һ˸ʱȻᱬҪƽʱҲһЩͨѡ
ֲڲˣûʲô飬ڹǱʱʱ̶̿˹۲죬ǲʲôݵģֻҪֶط
Ҫչֵּ˵һΪ˰ͷģ˭֪߿ʵ
ԼԿ
Ҳ׼ʵֻܹ˵
á
Ҳ㿴²ˣѾ㣬Ҫû鷳һֱ͵
ھ߳һٷϢֱҹʮʱǲ
˵֪üϡ
𴲴·ţ˲ʮӣϵǾģҪȻͨγȥԼ鷳
ѭȥǱѾжʮڵš
ӡ
һ̹ģվǱߣû̧ͷֻǿ
ȴǸоЩϤֻһʱԼʲôʱˡ
˺Ծİո߶жӡ
ǾУжӽȥʱһ˺ݺݵĵ˳һۣǲеλá
Ī
֪ǲԳʲôԼʲôûԼ
Ҳǳصģɻȥ
ҪȻ˼һΪ۸ɡ
档
˷ӡ
ڵڰ˷ӵʱϦֻ֣״̬ƺЩԾ
Ȼ֪Էʲô֮ǰڹӶŵʱ˼Ĳ١
ֻǿϧѵĻϦֻ¾ǿ޶޲
ʮվǸ̹ɨڳˣֱ۾ʱЩŵ˫ָۣų˵С
ǡ
ʮ߳˵ʲô࣬ǶԿǾ
֡
Ǹ̹ٵ鶼Щ졣

Լ֣϶Լʶ̹٣ֻǲ֪̹ʲô֡
㻹ţ
̹Īðһ仰ڳ˶Щ㵣ѵ̹ʶˣ
û˻˵طǾӣһʲôǶǴ鷳
̹ϴˡ
ȻЩ֪ûǳȴ㱨Լ֡
Ŷ
ǽ̹һ׵ģȴ˵վ߾ͺá
̹ٻҪһڣڿȴû˼Ҫ֪ĴԼǲҳ飿
ϦȴǸоЩԾб£ǲǿɣ
̹ٿǻΪս֮һѵͳƽƽ
ĬĬվڽ̹ٵߣˡ
Ҳ֪һֻҪʮˣҸǣѾڶˣߵĳϦʣ°˸
̹ٵĻһ˵ڳ˶ɵۣϦڶûл˵Ͼ˼ҵʵǣǳʲô
Ǻܶ˶ǵһ֡
ǲ²ʲôֻǸڶǽ̹ʱġ
档
ʱ򣬸ղǸų˴󺰵
˵
̹ٿǸ˵ЩȻ֪ԷΪʲôʱ򱨸档
Ǹʲôʸڶ
Ǹ˵Ǻܴ󵨣Ҫ֪һھ棬ǲܹʲôɵģҪһһҪ
磬ҵľɣ̹ٵ鵹ûʲô仯ҪΪһСɫɾʲô仯Ǿֲ
ǡ
ǸƺҪһ·ڵףղվм䣬룬Լý̹ٿԼ˭֪Ȼߣڳֱڶô
ŶҪô
̹̤һϵֱӱȹȥĺˮδ¡
ƽ
絹ǾǿĺܣҲһΪһλģҪڻƴĻǺû顣


255 
Ǻǡ̹Цĺ䣬֪ûм˵ֻɨΧһۣҪ֪ڣЩ˵ʲôȻ¸ң
ĿɨӣЩѡ㡣
Щ˲Ƶģÿһ˶ҪΪԼ¸ۣǶʮ˸λã˲Ҿ͸һᣬ㽫λ㣬ҪˣǸӹ
գ̹ٿЩ˵Ҳô磬Ҫ֪ھ棬ʲô鶼Ҫд۵ģҪȻÿһ˺⣬ǻף
ֻҪִУҪ˵ô࣬Ϊ۹ⲻĹ㡣
ԡ
ǳȣղžǿĲߴƵģҪǻһˣ
ǲ飬ֻҪ͵ѣ˲͵Ҳûа취
УסҪɲЩ׼֮ͽ
̹ٺһ֣ǿ϶һֻ¶Է׶༪١
Ҫ˳֣̹ٺ¶Է֣̹ûһš
ǡ
綼һ߳
ʼ
棬̹ٺһ
ûжϾǾϵˣҪֵ̫Ļ˭֪ʲô
׼Ǹ̹ٶ̬ʲôǸоǸ̹ƺб˼
ɱ
ȶ֣һȭŴȥһȭѸ٣Χ
̫ˡ
ȭ㵽ŵʱһֲԷ֣漴ꡱһָж
ֻһѡ
־ͳжࡣ
ҲöԷ̫ѿûм֡
һЩһԹۿȴ̲ס֪ΪʲôᱻڶղһǶֻܹ㣬˼ȴǿ׾ٵĽ˳
Ҫ𣿡
ʵԷǰɥʧսҪĻֻܹһߵŰ
Ŀ˳һۣƾĺ䣬һ˦֣ȻĽָӻȥ
Ǻǿ󣬲ȴǸ֮ʣղҪǽŽ㻹ԽҸ£ûлᡣ
˵⻰㳯Ǳ߳ȥ˫ȭƣǻгֻ»óˣڳȴϢĿһĻڴǽ
ȻҲ˳⣬ٽ̹ȴЩҪ˯ģ֪һʧܡ
Ҫô׾ͱܣЩս֮С
ٶȲϧûƣ˼һǰʹҲҪеˣȱ
һ漴һƯĻߣһȭͷϡ
顭
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ˣʱĹӶŸʱϴ󶼻ȥҹ㣬㵱ʱ
̹˵ȴǱȽֱӣЩԼˣôҪ֪ġ
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ҪͶϦϦֱԼ˱չһЩǺӰʮִ
ͽ̹һپƺȵģǳ졣
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ҶһģԼҲǲˣʲôѹƣô죿
̹ٲ˵Щ黹ǳ㶨ȽϺãҪʲôڵĻֻ»һЩ
ûǹʲôģֻǵ˵һ䣺ɱ˶ˣ

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֪Ϊʲô̵ǣЩ˿ǹֻ۾һҹսʱǿʱǸô죿Ҫ˵ҲʲôոյˣִʱжٴβĻµģ
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ڲ֪㲻оѾ
Ϧ̲סֹһٻӱȤˣǶǱճġ


257 ǹ
ʱֱװôԸ⿪˵
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Χ˶עߵĶ
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ڵȻҲ֪ԭʲôɵģҪ߸˵ʲôǾĸо
үڶں棬ıС˵
Ǳ߱ȽΣգעһ㡣ڶ˵⻰ȴҪǾǱߺΣգʱҸŪǸСӡ
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һȥĶȨӵܣʵѧˡ
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һܷɻˣȴЩ֮еľӢԿһεжôҪ
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Ϊʱ仹̣ʱҪ˭ʲôģеʱ䡣
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һֱأһжʮ
һ˶ʮֵ飬ǳȴ˿ҷɣЩ˲֪طʲôҵĵطȴǺĵطΨѪſԿ·
ЩطЩסĵطĲһ룬ܶʱֵпɱ
ĸں棬Χ˺ԽԽ
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ĶʮֵĴû˼ȥ׷ʣΪʲôô׷ֻ룬׻᲻顣
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ɱ
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Ȼڶû˼һ㡣
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ٻӱ֪־ʤȻҲẬֻʱȴЩɵ˵
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־ʤʲô˼ڶ˵㰲һʶ˹ɣ


258 ͻ
־ʤ֮Կ϶ڶģΪѾ˿˭ǹֻֻЩ˸սˣҪȻһֻ»ҡ
ּҲǺǵģط޷ȱڼҵĴڡ
Ȼ⻹һЩεԭǾǳһͨˡڶһεǣ鲻ܹǣ־ʤֻܹô򣬾öԷҪ飬Ҫǳ˴©ǵʱҶù
ˣҲ˼ǰƴں濪ǹ飬ҲڼôûĵļŻ
ֻûа취飬ûа취˵ġ
ΪʵνĹƽҪʵԵȵʱйƽ˵
˶˵ҵСһʵȴƽȣǴӸˣǴӷ˵ˣΪֱӵľǳлں廧ڱײ⳥Ľ֪١
־ʤΪԼʲôԣϾһųôҪԺгһҪĻǵʱܶ˶վǰͲܳ飬Ȼǻʲôĺá
ʵϣҪ֪飬ûʲôνԼֵģ˼ʩġ
ոձ͵ҽԺЩҽ׼ΪϾǱȽصһҪٳһ㣬˭֪ʲô
ȲᣬЩԮˣЩ̬ȴЩˣӢۣȻûж
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Ļȴûа취˭Լߵΰô
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ٻӱĵźû֪˿ǶôĿֻţڶǺڣʱ֮ΪʲôҪأ
ҪԼʱסһжᷢҲᱻ˸㡣
¸ͺûʲôϵΪʲôҪôɵȥɱôҲʲôȴֻܹһ˿סЩȵ˸ûģûһ￴
ٻӱҲΪʲôЩ˶ûȴЩûɣֻ֪һεĸǰϹǾǶڸá

ͻȻű򿪣һһ¥˶Ϊʲô飬ЩżĹ
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ζս֮ǰӲ֪ٱоҪԼٶ˹ˣƿֱŰɱ
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˶ǺαļһܳЩˣҲܲкڳȻԻŻһҪЩϵôһţƺˣԼ߻Ҫһѡ
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ЦЦ͸ٻӱط䡣
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ٻӱȴҡҡͷ˵֪ôѹ֣м˷ܵ˵ʱסҲΪȫģˣĻڹ
֪ٻӱʲôæ˵һˣһѪյļһô㷿أҪ֪һסߣԺ϶Щ𻵵ģӿɲŹҡ
Щؾ˵˿ԼǷڹʲô

ٻӱߵǰǵһֱɳϣӸµٻӱĵĵЦҪҵʱǼ޲ȥֻܹ̣ʲôٻӱҪģҪòòҪм˵ֻҪԸ⣬㱨ʲô飬ҶΪı㲻ҪСҡ
ٻӱôһ˵⻰ʱĶģ֪Ҳжϳʲô˼ȴ¸ҵˡ
޷һ̵飬˵ûʲô¸ҳеΣֵ͵ˡ
мֳ̾ϢĲʣҲŮѵˣҪǻһ׷棬棬Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
ܶƵ궼ķ䣬ٻӱ˵ͷ˵ֻһ̡
ɿĴɳȥ
͡
ٻӱȴ̲סЦû뵽ľٶ
ôȻΪһŮ˾ʧ롣
ڳʱ򣬳Ҳ̲סԼղǶ˵ĸо
û飬ҶΪûлῴ㡣
ոճһЦݵӭ
ˣҪС㻻һ׼䣬ûʲôȫУҪ汣
ֱһȽϺõ˵ȴһ׵˼Ȼ֪˭Գ飬־ʤڶٻӱôܳ顣
ףΪǰ졣
ֱȥϦ黹ҪӳͷڳʵϦǳԱŻȥΪ
ϦΪѡһܴ׷Ҳܿ촫ڶǱߣɫЩѿ


259 ޷
ˣˣ˺һıһô˧вŻмȴԼ
ڶŭı⻰ɫЩѿ
ȴû˵ʲôԼǳ˼ҵķҪǸʲôĻǷַӾͱɵ

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ڶطҲûʲôȫС
㲻ѾǸһˣôģڶǻɵ˵ʱҲĲҲ˵ʲô
ˣӦһڼҸ֣ҪȻսͻָֻǾڼҸ֣Ҳ֪˭ǹ֮ôָ
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Ҫ֪ڼҸ֣ǿɲ˿Ա⣬ʦ˵ҪǺһŵڼҸֱսԿɱֽʤ
ҪǺһɵڼҸֱƴֻܹ˶ϣſıȽɡ
ҲʶһڼҸֳ֣Ȼûзݵ֮ܣʮǰһĴڡ
ڶҲ֪ڼҸʲôֻһֱûгȥ룬ڱ˵⻰üͷʵ˵ǸڼҸ֣
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ںǿ϶˵֪ڶϲ˵Ļ
Ŷڶмֳɵ˵ҪüΧԸ㶨
ڼ㹻Ϊǵһߡ
Ȼڼҵһ֧缸׹Ǳ߷չǱѾʵǵ۷壬ǡɻߵĴ󻷾𽥸ƣ˫ٶȹһҲǹ־ʤΪʲôڶԭ
Ҳ֪Щ飬ϹۣҪһͷء
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˵ʱ򣬳ʹ·ԡ
㽫ԡˣҸҩ
ٻӱҲ֪ƵʲôҪһЩԼ顣
ˣ˿ڶѾˡ
ô飬Ҫ֪Ů֮Ϊײǹ߻һֳʲô飬о޴鷳
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⻰˵ĺǳϿңŷӦٻӱŮЩ񲣬˭֪ʲô飿
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ٻӱȴôҾ͸һѡ㣬ҪôԼ·ѵҪô㣬Լѡɡ
ٻӱѡûѡ񣬳ҪջףҪԼĸʲô飬ǲԼ
С㣬ֻҪ㣬Ҫʲô


260 Ů˼
ǿٻӱϵҩƣϵ˿ڶѾˣԷΪʲôҪִţЩٻӱʲôıŮ˵˼ǲܹȥ²⣬ûа취ȥġ
ߡٻӱЩˬ˵Ҫôϻھһ仰Ƿ·ҪȻҴÿ
ûд·òоôԾԼһңٻӱԸϷ
Ҫ翹Ҳ֪ˣǲĿĲݵˣ
ٻӱƳƺҪر顣
̾ϢһðɣҪôôҿҪ㣬֮㲻ܹ
ޣҲʲô̿ϰ㣬ҲΪл֮
ԡȡٻӱʤһ㣬ûз֣ԼڹҵʱûϲãҪЩʶ֪ΪˣֻǻСһˡ
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ڴţҪҩٻӱһŮһʩ˷˵ǰǹ
ʲôоٻӱ֪պľµϦϼ

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ڴϣֱñӸס°
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ֻǣȴѡٻӱô뵽Ĵ𰸣мӢ黳ٻӱЩŭ˵Ͳܹѣ˵㲻֪Ҷôڴ˵һЩĻȴֳʲô鰡Ƕۡ
ʲôѵģʲôľʲôֲʲôСӣҪĻԡ
⻰֮лб˼ٻӱȴֱӣסԼŭ˵ҪҸҩ
á
ۣҶ࿴ٻӱһۡ
Ͼٻӱڴ·һͷǿǿԿĴ⣬һˣ˭֪᲻ͻȻ֮飬Ȼ۲ѡ
ڳľٶٻӱǲ죬Ҫ֪֪ǧټҪǸطһлᣬȴۡ
Ҳ֪˲ˣֻ黹ЩܣԼô
ٻӱֺоΪԼҩƣָо

ٻӱΪһҩƣ˿ڸǱܣֻǻһӣͻȻٻӱЩɵۡ
Ȼ˯ˣ
ٻӱЩرųżºۼͻȻȻĶ
һǰδеĸоо˾һʯĽԼȥ
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Щ飬ˡ
ڶ죬ѹʱо̹촽ƺһЩζҲûж롣
Ҫ˯ŵٻӱǲͬ˼ٻӱôƯŮܲܵŮɫħɣ
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ٻӱùЩͽζĳǶ׷󣬵ҲҪ
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첻ʲô飬Ҿ죬ҪȥĵطǺڶеϵµʱͻ顣
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һĺ˵˵ٻӱȴҪ˵˵İ
ҲҪ˸ץסҪûɱòǱ˸궼֡
ˮĶʱӦ䣬Щ˵ĵӣ飬֪϶˿˵ģȴû˵ԾǺҲȨƵˣҪȻ˼ҿ϶ͽּҡ
ٻӱǱѾд𰸡
ֹٻӱǳԼҲ֪ʲôѹʱһ仰û׷ʣЩ֪ûʲôҪΪʱܹ
Ҫ֪Ǹˣֱӽ˸еĻìܾһ
ҪǲеĻĿڵһôûа취й
ȻˣǺαͽأ


261 δ
һ죬ȥ˺ܶطҲι۲ٵĹȥ˺ֻܶҪЩ˿еģһ
һȺΨЦӭǣҪ֪ھԴĺܣûǮĻһΪˣȴǱ˸ͼ¢ϲ֪ٶ
˿ԵǮȻϲĺܣֻᵼʲôȴЩ˹ĵġ
ǿˣǿ϶ǮƵˣһ˾޶֮ǿ϶뿪ԼĹңǰӺõĵطȥ׹֮ĵط
ȻǲĶһǵĵΪľǴǵԴʥأ˵ľýĸתһЩЩңҪûʲô⣬֮ͻдĻ˳
ڳ֮Уûڳ飬Щƺıܴ顣
ҹûлԼķ䣬ٻӱķ棬صĿٻӱʵҪûв´ǷƵʱڣҲףʲô
̾ϢһҪһֱƽȥȻǽԴϲľ棬Щ˲ԸҲûа취ֻܹѡս
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ٻӱоڶԼֳ񣬶һǺεģ֪ܻб仯пܶԷѾȲ
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һֱб޻Щ˼ҪҪûԮֻ»ᱻɵ
ȻѾͻµľ磬ɲΪԼа취Կǧ˵ľӡ
طȻһңЩ˽µװкܶ࣬˼Ǽǧˣʲôʱ˶Կ
ٻӱЩɵĿųҪĳ飬׼ûʲô⣬Ҫûг飬ֻ»ǲ鷳
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ү֮ԳٻӱһΪ˵ԸƣһΪּһЩƲӵĸо
Ȼ˿Ǻܲļ壬ͣǾܵı֡
Ҫȥڼҵĵ̣Ҫǵʱ˳飬Ǿڼġ
ٻӱǿ϶˵⻰ЩԼҪǳ飬˭ģͽڼҸеĸо
ҪʲôԾʲôҪܣֱӻ
ֿ˿Щڣ֪ȻǳԼȥķչΪһףô飬ԼŮİΣ
סٻӱѾоԾˣȴǲӣԸ⡣
ǱӦ𣿡ֿҲ֪˵ʲôֻܹ顣
Щȡٻӱطʹֻûа취˼ط¶Ⱦ
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ǺǣǸ׵۰ֲǲ֪˵ˣȥϢȥǲܵģֻܹӲ
ԼѾûʲôͷ·ˣٻӱҲֻЭˣ׼Щһƴ顣
ȥɡٻӱҲ֪ϵĵжأʲôûж˵
ȥϴ˯ٻӱԼķ侲˼һЩ顣
鶼ЩأҪԼı˸ˣǸô죿
Ȼ뷨ôļٻӱҲʲô֪ˣһ˶֣ǳԷ죬ֻ¶һ
˯ɣҪô࣬һжġͻȻڸڷ˵˫ķôãٻӱĺǸоԼ˵Ļûʲôãּһ䣺ֻҪû˭ûпץס㣬֮ǰһɱ㡣
⻰ǲпᣬٻӱȴͻȻЦã˵ģҪĿסɱңҪЩС
ܶŮ˶˵ԼԸⱻ裬Ǻܶʱ򣬶Щַʲôģȴʮ˳ӣߣһǶ˵ҪǱ˸ַˣǷҲأ
Щûа취׷ô࣬ٻӱȴǿԿ϶ԼԸҲԸⱻ˸ַ

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𣿡˫˸ž⣬ǴЩ˻ôأ
ҪֱĿŵֻ»ǱҲڶ߶пܻᱻǣҪĻԼʲôǶԷô찡
治ϵ˼ţһӣһΣյʱ򣬻Դ˴Ӻߣֻǲ֪Ƿ
ֻǻˡϦʼ̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ뿴ľ棬ȴΪ
굹ûʲôֻŪˣǲ鷳顣Ҳ֪ʲôǵĵĿų
һϦûи鷳ڵľƸӵնһȫûĽ֡
ٻӱߣһֱڹ۲Χ³ʲô͵ϮļһҪ֪һͳ档
һֱӶ⳵ֻ֣¾Ҫ߶ûлᡣ
ó΢οһǣЩĻҲִһֱûг֡
ӭǡ


262 
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һĻ̲סмֵݣǳľȴǸӵĽţ˲ʲô򵥵Ļɫ
Ҫ֪ԼĹң˻ͶԷġ
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Ȼٻӱڵķ죬ڶ˵ôûа취ܵģʲô飬Ƕʾ⡣
һʲôûеӣȻҺٻӱôһСôܣԼ
ٻӱŮˣֻȨӵܲʸ񿿽ܣҪʵʵĵĹ
˶룬û˼ǵõʱΪƴһ㱻͵ȥ
ʵϣЩϷ׵˲ûУȴΪ˵ԽԽ٣һȡȴûһر˭ȥɵӡ
Ӷ̵Լһӣ˲ܹʥˣҪһʣÿһ˶ѧϰˣҪȻôãû˿ѧϰ㣬˶ȥôһ
嵹ǽƻ֪߲ˣȻҹȥⲻҪʡǮСȻʲôʱߣ͡
໴Ц˵ߵľƲô뿪һˣ˭֪Щ»᲻һӾ췴鲻֪ݹΪһԶУͽԼһиͣӽˮ˲Ż
ȻڶҲ뵽ԷĹǣƽʱĿ׻ܹ˵ҪȻ˭֪ǻǱ˸ʲô
ֿŶԷ˵λǵų־ʤҲǻĵ֮һһλٻӱС㣬Ҳһοߵ֮һһҪѺý֪𣿡
Ҫ˵ʲôųųģûʲô壬ڶֱӽЩһ飬һˣҪȦӣ˼Ҳһֱ֪˵˼ҿ϶֪˼
ѾٻӱаĿٻӱΧʿҲٻӱϾôƯŮˣǺټġ
ǵٻӱǲоԷҪһ㡣
ٻӱоҪǳ⣬ֻ¾Щ˶Ұһļһ
ڶҲĿһ°˵ǿɣҪ鷳ˣҪ֪û˿ɫᶫֻҪҪõŮˣֻҪСĴۡ
һҲôֱҪ֪Ů˶ǣһּҽֻ߻ᱻΧܣ໲ôûӵˡ
ʵϣڶ֮룬һԭǾÿһһǿǶԼѣȴǺпҲ֪˭ּҵѣŲʲôġ
Ǻ͹־ʤһкǷģΪӭǻ˵ĵطǶǻĺþƺòˣҪʲôʲô飬Ǿܺ˵һΪźļ۸񣬲Ҫ飬Ҿôһˡ
⻰Χ˶Щ죬ҪǿԷǺڲˣǶΪһǻǱߵء
Ļﶼ˵ĳⲻǻЩ˵˲Ż˵Ļ
˵ǻֺ֮Ŀٻӱ˵ŮҸǻӭ֪λŮʲô԰Ҫ֪ҿǻܴŶǿ̽һµġ
ڳ˶оôãôåĻﶼ˵ĳҪʲô
ҪΧôǹ֧ڣֻ¶Ҫˡ
Ҫ֪ٻӱǵŮھȻ˸ǵǰˡ
ʵϣǶ֪˵⻰ʱ۽ǲһ㿴ΧڳǱͣһ
ǺǣϣǿԺ죬ôô˳أ
ٻӱȥͶԷ֣ȴƴ֣ȥǡ
ڵ촽ٻӱҪ֣໵ȴǹ֧˼ѾʮԣҶܹҶҪȻֻǻ顣
Ҫǲ֪ˣǶΪô˳֣Ϊ˸аŮʵȴôһ¡
طǻңڻŵ֮ǰǶѾΧһ飬Щײ˵ĵطǸȥһ飬ǺҪЩطԼϴֻǻһҹ̡֮
Ҫ֪һĺôǾĺȫҲһĺǾ˶ֻһˣ϶ܶࡣ
ȻЩϴСܺãһȴ˭ûа취ϵģǾһϴȥֻŶӶ̣˭ûа취ڡ
ҿޣҪʲôҵŮ񰡣ô
ףһ֮ôΪʾҪ֪㹻ı޷죬Ҫڻʮûá
һҪطᱡǵŮ񣿡
һ˶ȴûȥֹʲôģΪǶûĵӡ
һˡ
Ǿǳһ߹ȥΧ˶ǹ
û뵽˺ܾòˡ
΢Ц˵ǵȻֻȴڷΪҲû뵽໾ȻԼ֮ǰһˣֻȴѣһ˰ˡ
ҶΪ㲻Ҽңɱʣһɱˣ֪ʲô˼ĪҪɱңҪ֪ҿмˣô۸Ĵˡ
ʱȴǷſٻӱΪһ˶û뵽·ת龹Ȼᷢչĵز
ɱʣҪǶԷûϴ˵Ļ
ֻȴ֪ɱ˭
ѵô
û֪
ٻӱȴЩܸмĿųҪǳ߹Ǹֻ¶һü
ֻڵģ᲻ó飿
Ҫ֪ӶԷĻ֮УǿȫԿԷԳûʲôøУ˵ǳӣ£ʲôý֣
һ룬ǻʲôģ֪ʲô֣أȻֱӶֵ֣ҺǱҪҲɵߡ
Щε˵Ҫ֪ˣֻһжѾˣ˼ҶѾط
ûУָԼؿϵһ̺˵ط㵱µĺۼҵǲ֪ҪȻҾͲӭ㣬㻹ûгʱҾֱըȥһӽ͵ȥ
һɪɪǶڵôá
ƽĿΧ˵һǵûа취ˣǷģ˻Ǻԭģԩͷծ˼ҵģôΪǡ
㵹ǺܴĲǣǿԷġ
⻰˵˶һɫȴԽѿ֪׶ôţƣôǵ˺ˣԼҶԷǲһ
û˼ϹʲôԼѾûбѡ


263 Թ
Ƚȥкǣ˾ͲҪˣɱʣΪ㣬ҿǺľ˼ʱ֪֮ҿǲѹĿ޳ûиж
໿ų˵Ҫǲ֪ģΪжô塣
⻰˵Χ˶룬ҪͳһʱϦȴһѽ˵ʲô飿˼б

Ҳ֪ԼҪطֻһۡ
һߣҪˣѾһ
ڶٻӱ˵ȴһϲˣ쵰ڵ˵ϣǾͺûʲôϵ
ٻӱһ˵ĻǵʱԼ϶Խ˸£Լһ飬Ҳǲܵ顣
Ҫ֪ʱ˺ȾƣǺ飬Ҫ

ٻӱҪǸųĻԼл·Ҫǽȥֻ
ȥģκβңЩ鲻Ǳ濴
ĺëղ˼֮Ըô˽ȥҲΪ֪ôľûа취㿪˴˶ڽˡ
ҪȻĻ϶Ὣ໸ץסЩ˷ˡ
ʵϣһӣҪȥץˣ໿϶һ֮ǰѾԹ
Һһ
ٻӱ⻰˵ڶɫࡣ
ˣڶôû뵽ٻӱȻѡôûӵж
߰ɣҪʧ٣ּһὫطΪƽأģЩǻ֪
Ȼּ֪ҵжôǿ󣬵ǿ϶һ飬Ǿּҵпܻ쵽һߣʹûа취Ĩɱ໣ȴʱʱ֮̿С
໱룬ڽŪ֮󣬺úŮģһ⻰ԷƺʮִһջǾʲô鶼
һŮˣ
Լеǡ
ѡǺǵģҪȻͲԳܵġ

ٻӱǲԸߣȴͻȻٻӱһֵȥٻӱͻʹȥ

溰ɲὫٻӱǰٷְûʲôýֵġ
ڶֶѾȥҪٻӱס˭֪ȻôһڱŭҪûӻ֪ʲô
ڶжôķŭֻԼ֪
߳ѸٵĽ˸ߣЩıһֻĿǡ
ǽ㣬Ҫһ㶫ԼŰ죬һƽȥּҲĶ飬ǲкý֡
֪ǷὫٻӱ˵ôҪʸ͡
ϾҲһˣ˭ұ֤Ƿ˳Ĵأ
ٻӱոյϵʱû뷨ϾôҲǺּЩϵҪ飬˵ԷǷŹĶᰲ
Ǻݺݵĵͷ˵ҪûͲ顣
Ǻǡ
һ֣ڶѸٽȥ
ɨΧһۣһ㶼ûпʮ֮ĺеֻһֺ˵侲
ǿʵѵôԣʲôҪʵģ˵ɡ
ãҾҪһ䣬Ͽƶ˭ɱģ
֮ûôż֣һΪһʵһΪ֪Ҫ֪Ķ
Ͽƶ໵ĵܵܣֻȴĲף˶˵ǳɱģǳ˵໵֮ȴǷ֣ûʱȥ
Ҫ֪Ҫ֪Ǹܻʹ
żֵ٩˵һ㶼ûͷͷȻǰ׶ˣЩǿƿܱϵë࣬ô򶨡
ʵϣ򶨣ҲǺ򶨣ȴǸһʮֺϸķӦǾǺˮܶࡣ
ϻѾһЩ㲻ҪôʶôҪǵֵĻַط
⻰ҲǷϻ֣ǳͲطһ㡣
ҲԷѾûʲôǵˣҪԼ߼ŭԷĻǶԷܻһЩ顣
ʵϣǱ޿޶ɱģû뵽ɣҶû뵽ֵܵ˻ôĺ飬Ҳףֵܶˣʲôɲѣֻǵʱǡɳ֣ҲΪ񣬾ֱ˵ɱġ
ʱǼְɱֵģʱҪ˵ͷߣһҪ飬ҪȻԸ飬Ҳûа취õӶ
һŭˣҾ֪Ǹ⡣
Ǻǣ㲻ҪҲ֪Ǹ˵ıΣб¾ȥԸ
ǵԼߵʱǸŮ˶Ѿһֻǲ֪ŮǷڣ
ߡ
໿ųŭ˵齵ңҷһ·ҪȻҪбҼֵǰߵˣ˵ĶԹʹ˹
⻰˵ĺǼʵȴһôûС
Ҫǳˣǲһʹ˵˼ҳһ໿϶ûа취ס
һӣϧûа취ƾǺ˲ٻǧꡣ
Ⱥ֮еЩ˿˵ǶϧҪҵĻǳƲô硣
ֻһжѾû塣
ǺǣʲôӲӣԲѾɱ˼ңҵ˼ҵĵ˵ǲǴ
Ǵˡ
û뵽鶼֡
һڷͬ־ʤȴЩĿų֪̣Ȼĵǡ
뵱꣬һʱǼ˶ûа취ҸΧסҺ滹ôĵطΧһӣΪһ߲ˣ
ʱͿطһӣ˵һľϲ
Ҫ֪ܶʱ˼ﶼһкֻ˼ʮкǲʲô
ɱ໾֪ôױģȴмֳɣڳ֮߳õصԺ
һ£˶ųǹЩӵ㼯һ𣬶ǿֲ
ʵϣ໿ڵʱ򣬳ѾǱߺӱ߳ȥֻҪ˳ˮ鶼Ը㶨ֻǲ֪ˮж
ҪǻûеϥǣֻҪȴʮֵĺãһǵĺ֮һϿӡ
ֻǳǺвʮ׵ľ룬ʮ׶ڳ˵ߡ
˶ڿųЩӵڲϵƮɡ

ЩƿûлͷǱԼγһɫĶ
ЩӵһſŻڳϣóЩʹ಻
Ѿӱˡ


264 ٻӱĵͷ
ҿǳˣȻɢĹâǲ۾ʲô⣿пܣҸǿˡ
Ҿ֪һȻỪĹҪȻ˺ôôͺ
һҪûĻ绹ж˿ԶԸЩƬûôŰɣ
˶û뵽Ȼı¡
Ѿʼ˵ķΧǶԷٶͬȣҪǳôһֻ鶼д
Щ˺Ҫǳˣٻӱ鷳
ҪûĻһֱٻӱˣôðգһжƽ˾໶һҶٻӱ֡
顭
ӵݺݵĻУֻʱȴûһ˺ۣЩӵ塣
һ·ȥѾʼѪۣȻڱӵ֮ǰˮ֮С
񼣡
ҪţһҪȥǮߣһߣٻӱˣȻҵôһˡ
Ҫ˵ô࣬𽫶Էŭڶط
Щȴ뵽ûŪǷǵ鷳
Ϧųʧĵطȴ̲ס¶ЦݣһûǲǲԼЩ˵İȫ⡣
صĹ֮ûô˹һΪߵ˷ģһϣ໵˳嶯ɵǣǱ߾ͻǸɵЩһ
˿ȴںˮ֮Уû뵽ԼȻлѣҪ֮ǰһսͻƣֻڶѾΪ
໿ųȥЩѾԤеԼûа취³ָоڵΪԼԺͳͬھʱһģһ
ʱиΪҪҪȥǾΪԼĵܸܵǸŮ˾ȻɱĵܵܣҪǸŮƷΪп̷
ȻǸŮ˵Ѿ˵ûʲôǲܵ飬ɱ
ұս޿޶
һӵˣһ㶼ԸȴڳǷ˵ѻвҪȥǣҪȥϣȴһ˵һĺӣԷ˵ģš
Ѫһ֤ġ
˿̵ĳȴͷӺһֱȥҲҴӺ̽ͷϾڵ³顣
޿޶ɱ˻㣬˷ңҪֻѾˣҵҪ֪ʲô³
ղҲߣҪȻԷҪ纰ĻҪΣҶ
ҲмңҪ֪϶ѪۣмӵֱӲչȥҪĵط΢ЩƫĻǶҪС
۲ΧĻԶһֱԶȥҲô϶ΧǷˡ
ǱȽϽЩԼ˼ȥ²⣬ǻ˵ġ
κһˣǶ֪ô
˿̣ڶǱ໵֮УҲܹ˵ֻʱѺһǺõķ棬óԺúȵĹš
ʵϣһƬطණǴڱȽԭʼ״̬ܹҵѾʼѿչĶѾ˿ʼ죬ȴһжǰٷϴˡ
ô죿ϦʵʱЩֻܹԼˡ
ȡϦ򶨣ֻ֮࣬żɱҪǵʱֻĳʲôʣǾɱǵﱾǱ޹ͷҪгĳֻ֣ǵ鷳󡣡
ϦҪþ޴棬ǾҪܹܳסķա
ҪǴսܣǸô죿мֵĵ˵һսܵĻֻС֪˭ϣ
ôʲôôҲطһпܻΪ
Ϧߵ˽ıȽҪ໲ĻǺпܻԵصĵһȡ֮Ҫ֪طм˱
ЩҪǷڴǲʲôĵطȴǱǿ׳
ֻҪϹӣǶʲô
ڶҲǺ߹ϵʮֲ
ͻȻٻӱڶ˵⻰ڶüëһ˵ôһ֪ôˣ
طĸ·𣿶ൽʱһƬطһЩԴѡ񡣡
ٻӱ˺ܴòطҶô
Ȼûа취ֱӶطʲôӦһ˭ûа취ϵǣּҲӰ쵽һߡ
ֹּңһ㹻ǿʵļ壬ǶӰ쵽һߣֻҪߵһЩһ㹻ʽֻǻһҹ̡֮
ֻҪûʲôޣһ㶼
ʹЩֵļһǶмʲôġ
˶ҲԼ˸ȡ
ڶЩ˵飬ʲôðǼ岻ǺʵϣǿԼǣ
ûа취ֱ˵ɣ
ٻӱȴҲϲ˵ļһֻһΪ˳òѡ

ڶȴǴЦٻӱ˵𣿡
㡣
ٻӱûиоʱ̣Χȴڿǡ
ȴû˿ǹ־ʤֻǾĿǡ
ĻǺܺãֻҪ֪ԸʲôĴ۰
⻰˵ĺֱӣǾԸʲôұԸʲô
϶ԷаЦݣ鶼Ҫô˵Ҷʲô˼ˡ
Ҫʲô
ٻӱڶ˵ҪһЩʲôģˣǸ׬ҪĶǴᡣ
Ҳ֪һֱҪһѣ飬׵ˡ
ǳ֮ΣĸоΧȴǿʼˡ
ٹȻˣ¶֮ΣôģҪŮˣҿ϶޸
С㣬㲻ӦҪ֪ôõ˿ʮҵˣ֪Ů˶ڵ
ô˵İ˼СҲһ㣬ǿ֮ϡ
һȺ˶ڿǴ󺰵⻰ЩҪĸо
Ҫ˵ʲôȴϦסˣʱҪǲκϽȥǶٸҲ
Ҫ֪طˣǶȨȨһ˭Խܰ
ҪǲǱЩһĻǵǿط˸ɵ
ֻҲʲôʧ
ٻӱȴͻȻЦЦݺǲãֻڶȴЩԤУٻӱʵЦʲô
ЦʲôȻЦı޳ֻû뵽㾹ȻˣĻǶм͵ģʱһӶûпܡ
ٻӱ⻰˵նڳЩмȴҲΪ˳ԼȥǸԭ⡣
ڶѿ
־ʤʱȴվ˵ˣ鲻Ҫ˵һǾΪǿҪã鷳鶼ѾˣҪǶ໥ĻǺ飬ֻǸӵѣҲɣ
־ʤʲôûУȰ˵ıµЩ
˶ǱȽǣҲ£Ҫǻ໥ڧĻǾԼˡ
ãҲ˵ٻӱʾԼֱһš
Ҳһ
ڶҲ˵ͷһЩ飬ʾԼ
ǰơ
ǶǻʵˣҪΪЩСڣ
Ϧûбİ취ǳȥ
һڿϦҪ֪Ȼ໲Ūǣڣǵصɲô׷Źǡ
Ҫط鶼˵


265 
Ƕż鶼ڿԿƵķΧ֮С
Ϧ˵ֻҲô˵ʵȴôһ¡
ϾĶǺܸӵģطǶҪҪ˵
Ҳ˵صЩҲףҪôǻǺ˽һƬɵĻʲôûУҪһСûб¶Ըǣ鵹ǲҪʲô
á
־ʤ˵ͷҲʲôˣϢһƺܿ໾ͻˣʱǳȥ֮ǻҪķѺܶ˼飬ŪԼôۡ
Ȼ˷ʲôһ˵طţӲСô棬ȴǸоЩӵѡ
޿޶һŮˣȻڵķɫôϻ˵ۣȴŮ˱ʾСĺģһŮˣһ֮ؿҪû㹻ǻۣͱ˸ԵĹͷʣ
ǣ޿޶ĵ̡
ط˶Ů˸һĴڣ˵ģ˵ôһ֮ǶĹͣҪȻĻ˶϶û¶ٵӡ
ֻǣ˿طĳǳ棬ȴв޿޶
үվ֪ʲôˡ
˵ɱɷŮˣҹ
ģǸץסҪȻŪ㡣
Щ˵ļһȻ໵ˣǳǽֻм׸ߣҲΪ˷ֹһЩҰ޳Žģʮ׿ڴȴûбֻҪҪȥǶûʲô⣬ҪһЩۡ
طĽЩףҪЩƽĵطĽûʲô
һҵطΪʲôôһԱȽƯĵط˶ûа취׵ġ
ϴǸô죬໹ҪΧǡ
˶ǹ֧棬ǶЩҧгݣҪ֪ǸŮǵϴĵŮһߵ죬ȴô˵ûа취ܵ顣
ʲôģҪǸҽǾɱ˱ǣֻǲ֪Ǹ໳ԴʲôȻҵ鷳
޿޶Ҳû뵽໻ͻȻģЩֲҺطһֱĵ̣ԾЩ˹ˣҪֳ飬Ҳûı¡
޿޶мĵĿΧһһΧ˿Ķ
Ǳʲô˸ģǿϴôƯˣϴʲôɫĲǡ
ʲôеĶ
˵Ǹȥļһϴɱģ
˶޿޶ĸǷɱˣǲ⡣
˭Դߵ۷壬ǸȥˣǸͲ⡣
Ǻǡ޿޶ͻȻ뵽һˣ飬ƾֻǸ˵֮е˲ſԸҪȻ໸ûл֪飬ֻǸأ
Ҫ֪ԼջǸȴһ㶼ҵջ󣬷ѵңҪŮˣֻѾ˳Ūң
޿޶ĶЩڴ
Ϊ֪Ȼ֣໿϶Ǹ˼棬ҪǸټһ棬Ҫ֪ǸôͺǿֻǺͶԷһ棬ͱԷ
޿޶ˣ˿ȴǳǳ棬ǴǺˮȥġ
Ҫ֪ˮһֱᴩ½ֻЩطƱȽϸߣûа취طȴƽԭûôһ⡣
һӶˣ༸ǧϰǲı䣬Ͼˮ֮Դ˭ûп뿪ˮ
˭
ͻȻһվںӱߵ˿ųʵǵصԣϵǹָ֧ų
Ҫǳ᱾صĻǻЩûа취ףǴݵ˵ֻһʷߣϲһƬصҲԸǧӻǱղԶΪһʱʧں档
ʺԼҪǲ˵һЩĶ˼ǲŵģ˵Щ˶һţ˶˵Ľ䱸ǲһ˿ĵġ
ŶǸǲţڳ˵ػ֮ǱԼһЩ⣺ڲҪߣһ໵׼ɱˡ
ѾǴģôܻ᲻֪顣
ŶԷ˵ллλôƺ
ҶͿԡ
⵱ص֣Щ죬ûʲôر壬ȴǺЩ˵ֲ࣬ΪûʲôĻЩ˶û֣ڲųЩν˼ɡ
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ģǻˣǱǲ֮ʳʲôͳʲôһ˴忴ųʵĥ֮һܶʱЩӵûˣĶǾļһ
ûôأǱ߲ôϧʳǳԲĶֱӵˣιЩ뵽Լڻĵӣ뵽ԼߵĶЩܣҲ˵
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˵ĵط֮ĵĻǶԻ˲Ҫ
ҲģĲƽǿԹӣȴҪɱɱһٷһеĳԡ
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ʵϣߵĻҪ˽ĻҲͻĵЩƣֻЩǳԼģ˼žôһģô˵ͬ飬黹ǣ˵Լ顣
һȺ廹ǲûжԳȭʲôġ
ϸҲҪǶԳȭߵĻʱսϣһǺǹǻǵù
Щ˵ҵҪ֪ôʱ䣬һֱɱɱû뵽Ҫȥĵط
ûж˵ȥʲôģֻЩЩһһЩ˵ʵǱʱ򶼲١

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Щ嵹ûô飬ǶԼ顣
ֶѾ㣬ϵϼǵĻ񡣡һ忴ųЦǰóоԼЩ
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Ҳû뵽ԼֻһʱĹ鶼赽
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267 
սˣһȺ˶ǴĪģЩǸߵģЩǸ޿޶ߵģ˵һս㶼мǧ
ֻǴŴЩȴǳԶóЩףЩһﻹٲҵһ㣬Ҫ֪ǿڴ̣ڿտᰡ
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ǱߵģûпҺΪҸոմԶߵİôҲطİ
Ǳߵģⲻ֪طгԵ㣬ԸͷĿطֻǲ֪طʲôóԵûУöһﶼΪһεˡˣڶû׹ΪʲôҪ򰡣
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ɲ֪Լող㱻˸˸ڵǺãֱӱ˸Ǻϡ


268 ޷͵
Լȥʱ򣬼˳߹Ҫʣ鷳ˣЩͷۣԼôôʶĿ
һطȫ㶼ԼϣⲻҪưԵĽࣿ
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ЩĻȴʲôΪЩûмʶ˵ʲôԼҳ飬ȻԼʲôҪǡ
Щʲôģȴʲôû˵ǰͲֳʲôǶȽϲһֱһ˸ѹţҲôˬҪۿԽУǻ֤ǱȻ˺ò֪١
ܶ˶ģֱһȫˡ
Ҫǳʤˣǿ˲ڣҪǳʧˣǾǻ˵顣
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ò϶ԷûдҪȻĻǸһһǹȥ졣
Ҫ֪Щ׵飬ǲ˵


269 
ʵϣûʲôޣԹңһƬ½ǵġ
޿޶һ㶼ԼҰģԼҪõʲôǱҪ㹻֧֣
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ЦʲôҵҪ㣬ֻҪһ仰֪⻰Ũصķ̣ǿŮˣ֪̫࣬ԲŻ˵ΧЩ֪ط˵ĵطֿ˵ǻһط˵ɣ
á
޿޶һ㶼ĳԼһˣЩԲе顣
ҳĻҲûʲôôҪ֪ط˶ģҪһʲô飬ǳֻǻᱻ׷ɱ
޿޶ҲѾ֪֮ԻطǾΪʱ˵Ļ
ϴ󣬲ԣһʵǿôҪȺ
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αˣһķڷ㲻˵ϲģڻеˣóһݶʱ˶֪Щ顣
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Щɵۣղŵںʲôû˵ôŮȴ˵
޿޶Ҳ˵ֱӴųȥһĹ뷿Ҳطܻأ˶ûа취ʮʿػţĶ˭ûа취档
طô޿޶ͻȻʵ
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ҪӴˣ֪жôһϣֻҪ֮ء
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Ҳ˵ʲôֱӽ¼벥֮Уǲֱгð
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޿޶ų棬ƯҲͳԽԽЩͱ˵̬
Ǹô죬Ҫ֪ѾûʲôҪĻǵʱǿ϶鷳
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˿̣ȴۣǵ鶼ʮֵĸӣǶԸǶôĶӡ
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Ŷ˵˵ǵʲô޿޶ų˵ѾһЩ飬ֻǻûȷѡ


271 
ߣǾΪ˽Щ׹УȻҲ˳ɵǸˣ֮УҲԽЩӶŸչֻǺǱ߳һЩ飬ļƻǳǸʱ׹ȴǺٶȽӴҲ߳Ϊ
޿޶֮ԻнҲԼһݹͣҪԼǱ߳Ļ鶼
޿޶ų˵ֻ˵Ĺȴû뵽ôֲҪ֪ʧȥˣǸ˿ҵҪǲ벹ңΪл߳ȥ𣿡
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һ˵ֱ˵Ҹôֲ㣬֪ˣֻҪ飬ҶԸȻЩҲܹߡ
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飬ҿֲ㣬ȴܹΪˣҵ˼
ŶԷ˵ɲŮ˾ܵˣסҪԼʱ򲻿סĻԺֳʲô飬ûа취ʰ
ҶһŮˣôŶԷԼʲô˼ģ˵ԷܾҪԼס
ǽԼʵЩз֮ĵļһɵֲûм顣
ôֲңط裬滹һһĺ֪ҷ棬ܿͻ֣Ƕңƶᶯ֡
޿޶ų˵ǸʲôԸ񣬳ַӶᱻɵ
鶼Щ֪꣬鷳ֻû뵽鷳ô졣
ʲôʱľ·ʲôҪˣط᲻
ǻŮǷҪ赶ɱˣҪĻҲ֪Լô죬߲ˡ
طںߣطֻһ·ǾһжֻܹǺա
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СȥһطˣҪûв´Ļ˵ͻᵽһҵЩ¶˷顣
ղЩⷢģҪȻôǿһŮˣôܻô׽гһô
ҲŲ²һ㣬ûа취˵˼ʹ㻹˼ҽл
Ҳ֪ľʱ䣿Щͷ۵˵Ҫ֪ǹϵС飬ҪȻߣ
Ҫһ֮ҪԼߵĻǱ˸ʲôֵ顣
Ҫߣ޿޶Ц˵ҪطһΪߵˣ
Ҳܸ㲻Ǹһ˹ƶѾĦȭƣֻҪԷһǾҺƴʱ̡
֪Ҫ޿޶ԸĻǿ϶б½ЩֻǶԷǷԸѡ
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߾зݡ
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Ҳ½һЩ˵ף֪޿޶һˡ
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ҪɱȥĲѣ⸽һ
ֻҪ޿޶ɱ֮µĳȥҲỳʲôطܹ˽
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˵
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޿޶ǿ϶˵ţȻЩϲļһˣǻкܶС
ԡ޿޶߲˵Ҫ֪ĵҲ٣ҪǲЩһ㶨ԺǺ
һһӣֻҪһϣҪУǾУҪûУҲҪô࣬ҪȻǾơ
޿޶һŮˣѾ˼ֻһֱûа취ʵֶѣڳѾǰҪץסĻᣬһӶᰲġ
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ôܻŮôһϵҪ֪ҪŮˣҲҪȥҽ£Ǹֵ֪Ůˡ
һŮҪ֮лʮֲ׵飬ҪĶ֮ġ
ŶĴ𰸣
޿޶ķӦƽղҪĲһ㡣
Щƽ˵޿޶˵һûа취Ӧ㣬Ҳ֪ǻˣǻڹʮŨ񣬸ԼѪȥ
⻰˵ǰ벿ǲŵģǲģԸԼѪ˭֪Ժ᲻ĺɱ
³ֹţһһΡ
ʲô֮ǰһֵܵġ
ǸֵܵҸ㣬һӱ˸ɱ֣ɱֵܡ
ûгɹֵҲ֪ôӡ
ӶŸʱǸӶǱš
ǰ֮ôҪ֡
ȥɡ
޿޶ȴͻȻ˵·Ѿʲô
ȴЩëŶԷ˵ʵϣ㻹кܶ˵ģ磬ҪԺҪʲô鷳ҳְһΡ
ǳ˵ģһǿ󲻵ֹһҪ˵İ
ҪôһԮڵĻطôûô˸ҷ
ҪŮôֲ޿޶һ仰ó֪ô˵


272 ໥Э
Ҫʲô飬ֱ˵԰쵽飬ҲẬҲ֪ʲô¡
޿޶˵ʮûеҪԼˣֻ·һ
Ů˵ĺǲӡ֮Уʵʵġ

޿޶ЦֻЦЦȴᣬ֪ǿңʲôʸңҶѾôֻҪһӣ㻹ܾңûҵĸܰ
޿޶Ƿŭǰʮ궼ĹһӣԴʼԼ֮ûкһŮкܴĲͬЩνŮǿˣмֻֿڳǰЩνĸ߰Żᶪ
ʹ쵰ûиһĻӦô
ҡҲ֪Լô˵оԼûдģĻûа취˵˼ҵĽǶкܴëԼĽǶȣһûС
ֻһ仰ҪһֱΪԼûдĻԿҵòĶֻܹٵΪɱңͿ뿪ǾмңԼ浽ʲôֻҪҵֹͣطͻһ𡣡
޿޶һܺݵŮˣֹǶˣԼҲѾԤƵѱʲôģҲЩ˺ùʲôġ
ʲôطǶһҪЩѱĻǿ϶Եġ
ģԼĸ֪о
ܿ죬͸о亹ʼð
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ǿ϶˵˵⻰ʱȴ̲ס⻰ԼôţҪ֪Ů˵ķѾ֪
ǵõʱԼ׷ɱʱ˶ۣ޿޶ʲô顣
ΪഫԶ˵ǿ޿޶ƯûɱֵģʱǻڵĳӶˡ
Ҫ֪ҪǵʱǸŮ˸ɱˣ˭ֻ֪࣬Щʴ֮ģʱΪһʱʴȣŹԷ
ʵϣڳ֪ԼΪʲôĹѪĳ֡
ĹѪڵ˺ۣ˭ûа취˵ġ
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û뵽Ů˾ȻҸǹţҪ֪һ߻˶Ҫ
ΪԼֻܹЭʲôԼĻ£ǸûйĿܴ
Ǵˡ޿޶ų˵ڲң֪һŮˣҲһҪǿŮˣұѾЩȴһٶңҪʲôҾһ仰ң
飬ҪôֱӺĲЩ顭ҪлԷǶԷȴôһģֻܹϡʵϣһ飬ûи㣬ôƯҲ֪˵ȴǲ֪ں֮ܶǰΪһս
ʲôû˵ȴǿԸ롣
ʲô޿޶úܶĽڣȴû뵽ԷڣĿų˵ѵӣҪȻҲš

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ޡ޿޶ɲǳصģҪһˣǾҪһ̫࣬һǹ绹ʲô˼
ҡϷȥ˼ҶѾǹ棬ôеʲô޿޶˵ðɣʵϣǰʲô鶼ûС
ߡ޿޶֪ôһų˵ҪǴģǾ͹ҪȻĻȥ
ӵ飬˵Ҫб£飬ȷ𣿡
֪Щ飬ҪԼЭûа취Ҫ˸㣬ǾͲ顣
ԡ޿޶Ҳ֪Ҫӣھ͹оһôŪЩˡ
ԡһŭЩϣȽ¸ɨҸоЩһЩô㣬֪ʲô
ЩһҪԼˡ޿޶ЩΪʲôҪľȽŪǸһıҪŪһж˵
ع·ߣŪɱҪȻ»Ӱʮִ󡣡
ط˼ҵĵ̣㵽˼ҵǰɱˣҪӶʰ
޿޶ŶûʲôãЩʱûа취˵ġ
Ҫ·ϻɱûпܵģҪ֪߿мˣǱ˸ΧסģҪǶЩѡ
޿޶֪ıȳ࣬һӾͷ񶨳뷨
ʲô취ûУŭ뵽ڵ鷳ԽԽ
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޿޶ȴǸһϲĻ֪ôܣæʵô죿
Լס޿޶ܿ϶Ļóġ
ɣղŲǻ˵׼ӣ
Щ޷⣬Ϊʲôᷢչĵز
Ǻǣֻ˵˵ѡ޿޶ȴǲżŷ֣ûʲôͬļһǼͷʱԼһԼԹԵ͵ϡ
ҡЩץϹôźá
顭
ͻȻȴǴǹ
ʲô
֪ôطǹġ
ˡ޿޶Щأ㲻ҪȥҪȻֻǻᱻһӾɱ
ɣ㲻ϴôҵôŵģôû뵽ԷȻô
ҪĻ޿޶ֻѾΪһĴڡ
ҪȻΪʲôҪɵǸһǸһѾҸ߲֪٣ֻͨĻһЩλҪȻֻ¶ԷƵҡ
޿޶ҲһЩֱ˵ȴЩ亹ߣ֪鲻Լô򵥡
ȥҪǵ˵ﶼ֪ǲ鷳顣
޿޶ĶͷЩ麹Ҫ֪ô磬ȫϣ֪Ǹһôģڵʮֲá
޿޶Ÿ򿪣Щ˵ʲôˣ
Ƕ棬ɲɵɵĳȥطΪȫġ


273 Ҽƻ
޿޶ոճ棬Ϳһôû뵽ˡ
ȻӦ
޿޶
޿޶еƽֻϵЩȻûбôƽ
ˣ飬ɵƯ
޿޶߳ȥĳȴͷƤ飬֪Լʲô顣
ֻϣǺҪô嶯ҪȻԼ߾ǸɵǸСӣƶûʲô³
ǺǡֻЦһ㶼⣬ˣǸѣ
⻰ʵ£ΧһǶ֪ϷʼˣͺԸҪǲطַ죬ǲǻ
ѸոЩˣ˯лܽܡ
޿޶ûʲôηģ֪ҪǺҪҲûа취ƣȻˣǻԹԵĿŶԷôеĺá
Ŷ
ķӦƽѹ֮ҪһҪ֪Ҷûа취ȥȴǿԽȥЩˡ
á
޿޶֪ǽֻǲ֪ôҪںĻǹ߻ܱ
û֪߻ʲôͺڵı飬Ķһš
Ҳֱתˣ۾⵽ʲô
޿޶ѸٳȥҪͳһԲߡ
ѵҪɢˣ
Ҫϴͺ˵Ǹѡ˭
ǸʲôԼ
˶飬Ķη塣
߻и˸ţҪ˵طϴǶǵ֮
ϴǸô죿ֱӸɵǸŮˣ
طϴһһŸģǸŮҲֻռһѣֻҪϴǸһܶ˶ĽŲ
ϴǸô죬˵ǡ
ܶ˶ź˵ǵ˼ԣǸλ
Ҫ֪ĵǳűĻǾͻ֪ʲôۼ
ߵĻ̲Ƕ֪顣
Ǻǡ
ʲôû˵ֻһЦҲ֪Цʲô
ϴ󡭡˶Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ߵһȴǿ˵졣
ǡǸȻĺܺڣһСȴûһ˲Ϊ˾Ǻͷžʦ¸·
˵ôķչÿһڶԷָ½еģҪûˣֻѾ˸ɵ˵
Ҳ͵¸·ں֮еʮֵĸߣȻԷҲǴ;ӵ˹ϲŮ˺ǮƣȻ⣬ʲô㡣
¸·վȻ˵ʲô
棬޿޶ų˵Ҳ֪ǸһΪʲôôûа취ǾͿԼ
Ҫǳȥ޿޶Ҳʲôһ飬Ǿȥûмֵ
ԽǹϵŮˣԽǶ˺ݣǶԼǱˡ
ԼԴŶԷ˵ôҪ֪϶ɱ¾ʲô̶ȣŸһףҪȻҽ˶ɵǶ˵ġ
ǳţʲôģڸоԼǷ֮޵֣еˣҲܻˡ
ʲô̶ȣ
޿޶ųʵЩڴϾЩһﶼѾзѵ˼ҪǻţֻǻΪȻɵĺá
ҪԸ⣬ҶɱҲûʲôֻҪҷԲʮ֮ڣҶŪԷ
ǿ϶˵ҲǸԷһ£޿޶ʲô顣
ʮ𣿡
޿޶мֵĹ죬ҪǿԵĻǵʱҵ飬ŪһһͰֱӽǼһɵ
á
ߵˣɱ˭һģ
ֻɱЩ֮Щһʧأʱ˱ɱ㣬Ҳ鷳顣
޿޶ҲҪǳŪ϶ҳ
ôôһЩĸڣҪǽЩĸŪֻϴԼҲԪˡ
ҪǲϴĻ˼ҿ϶Ū
һ޷⿪ᡣ
Ҫǻһ˵ĻԽ˸޷Գ顣
ϴɣЩһﶼ˼ҵĸҪǲĻҸҿ϶ЩһҲ㡣
һˣЩʱǱҪģҪǲ飬ǸԼԺº󻼡
޿޶ڳɣѾ˵ˣų˵ЩһжվߣҪû˵Ļ㶼ŪҲ׼ҵˣ˻ƴһ
޿޶һϵˣѾ׼÷ȵľǽ

һЩҲôֻܹӦ
ҹܿͽ٣һֱ޿޶ķ䣬ȥһطһԼȥĻƾûпܻˡ
һ֮У޿޶ǳȥ˺üΣΪ֪Ҫһֱطûа취˽ӴΨгȥЩ˲Ż
ҵѾ׼ˣֻڵôֹۣ忪֧ҡ
޿޶ų˵涼ЩѹȴǺЩһﻹǻߣͲ֪Ƕ֧
ֻҪŪЩһͻ򵥲١
֪һϴˣĿ϶ɢȥǺ
аգǱطΪһǿߣһûŪĻֻǻᱻɣһǴˣǸһǡ
޿޶ൣĵ飬ֻµľǳ߳⣬һ߳⣬ûбҪ˵
ܿܶǿų
ס
ǿ϶˵ģȻ֪Ǹһıж󣬵ҺôҲһӶ֮еĴڣطôҪŪײ顣
ţ޿޶ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ֻûа취ҪֿȭԸǸˡ
ʲôЩɵۣҪ֪֮ôţҲΪԼǹţҪȻĻбԿô׽˸Ū
Ҫ֪Ǽʮ棬ҪȥŪĻôҲᱻ˸赲ڡ
ֻǶԷôɵĻ᣿
ôš
ҵĵģģһҸͺҪʤˣȻʲô鶼ûУҪʧ˵Ļһµ
޿޶赭д˵ǲŪǸһ·ӡ
Ķ񺮣Ů˻ǹϣѾ뵽ҪʧܵĻŮ˾ͶǸ˵ĻǳΪ»Ұ
ĺã̲סʵ㲻˵ҵ𣿻˵ӡ
Ǻǡ
޿޶ȴЦҿԸӣ㲻Ը⣬ôأ
ͻȻЩ˾ǷĴڡ
ŶҲ֪ôӦ𣬺һﶼѾǲ԰׵һ
Ҫ˵ʲô׼ʼˣûа취ذ֮ĶǿеģԼôգǾԼĻᡣ
޿޶ų˵Ҫ֪һʲô취Ļ֮д
Լô죬ԼŪЩһƶǻ·һŮ˺пܻὫŪ
Ҫڻ׼·û·ߣ鲻Ҫġ
翪ʼҪʼˡ
˲޿޶Ǻ
Ҳ֪һźţΪԷºͣ
һȥ಻ͬϴ̸ƾеĴս
˿ǡ


274 Ͼ
˲ʮң޿޶ˡ
޿޶λϣǷֳӣһ鷢
ȻҲ˵⣬֮е鷢طûгλãһ˺ε顣
ڳȴû˭ʲôε˼Ƕ֪Ǳǰࡣ
ˣ˶Ѿڼ潻ú£ЩǽԼĺӸߣڲսԼ㹻Ҫһ˶ֻǻᱻš
ս֮أ鶼ûа취˵ס
ȿȣ¸·òλ˰ɣ
ͻȻ޿޶źĸ˵Ҫս
ǡ
¸·˵ֱվ׼λá
ҪĻῴԼ±˸ߣԼ˸ĻͲǺ
޿޶ҵˣһֱģֱߵĻʲô˼
ǰ˵мֵң˼ԣ޿޶
ʲô˼ҸӵѾ˺к˵ҵ˻طһ𣬽ֻǰôһλãҪʲô˵ҵû
޿޶ʱҲ˺ʲôģ˽ֻһ˿Ի˵ʲôҲν
Ŷԭ
һԭ˵飬ų˵Сӣ֮ǰ֪˭ҿ㣬ˣǵǸɱҴ˰ɣ뵱꣬ҿǻƬڣֻû뵽㾹Ȼ޿޶ѣ
⻰һ˵նЩ΢˶ڿ޿޶ǶҪ֪޿޶׻ôѡҪ˵ǵĻǾҪеɱ
һʷ⣬޿޶Ҳûа취ʲô̫õĴ𰸡
ϾЩ飬ǿôûа취˵
Ҫ˵飬˭֪滹ûжǸһѾȥأ
ߣҪ˵ǺŪһЩûа취˵ףڶѾһѭ֮С
飬ȻҲʮֵף˵ȻĿų
̾ϢһЦңôʲô뷨ҪҪΪ籨ĻҵǺð죬ֱӺҴһҲûʲôϵҪֻҪŪҵĻҲð죬ֱŪҡ
˻̬ȣЩûа취⣬ǶΪʲô᲻顣
Ҫ֪ôˣҪǿźôһĿںţǷԸ⣬Ǹ֮ôҪʾһ
ȻҲҪ޿޶ģҪ޿޶ᣬȻ¡
Ƕڿ޿޶Ҫ֪ʲôѡ

ͻȻ޿޶ˡ
޿޶
˿̺޿޶ţ˵Ĺϵһʼʮֵĸӡ
ΪԼŪϴ֮ǿ׵Ľ޿޶õ
ֻǣôȥˣ޿޶޿޶˺ϵûôı䣬ҵĸӡ
ڳ֮󣬺Ҳûа취ͣھҪһҪô޿޶Ҫôֱӽ޿޶ץס
һ˵ûʲôνôֱӡ
ҪһֱĹϵҲǺܺõġ޿޶̲ס̾Ϣ˵ⷹעҪȾѪ
飬ֻһԸѣԸĹϵҲԸ⣬㲻ң㲻֪ʲôڿԸ㣬Ҫ㣬޿޶עҵŮˣһӶûа취ӵҪôҪô룬ĵطôɣ
޿޶˵Ѿʮֿ϶ԼԵõԼҪһУھڵж
Ļ޿޶ջ̾Ϣ֪Լ̫棬ЩҪ缸괦Ҳᵼ½¡
Ҫ֪ںͺƴĻ϶ܾˡ
Ȼ㶼Ѿ˵Ҳûʲô˵޿޶һӶԼƿˣ˭ûпƿҵˣȻҪƿҵˣǾҵĵˣҵ˸վ
޿޶һ䣬жʮվ
ס
޿޶û뵽飬Ϊô֧ߣڿЩ
ֻ޿޶ȴͻȻЩ֮޷˵ĸƶΪкܴİգҪȻҲ顣
ûжյ޿޶ȴֱʤȯյĸо
ȴû޿޶ôֹۣȻ֪޿޶ô֮аһЩЩϲļһ棬ֻһ棬ҪһʧʲôЩǽͷһӾͻߡ
ΪҪǣûдһϿһ˿ľţȻڳһЩ黹˼ҵ֮УҪĻǲ鷳顣
޿޶Ҳ˺Ǳߵ飬Ŀһ£֪ʲôȴʮֹϵ˵ŪЩһ
ɱ
ɱȥߵǸС¸·Ȼվںǰ׼ͳŸɡ
Ķҡ¸·ƺһˣȫһȻԷסԷôܣɫЩĳ졣
˫ĹͷһǶԷסĹ
ɱվĶʮ֮Уȴд벿Χվˡ
ȻЩѾԤıҪЩһǴ޿޶Ҳǰ׻ˡ
޿޶ûоţǿź˵û뵽ı±߻طֻҵģ
޿޶Ц˶ǸģֻǲϣѹǣӲҪһˣȻĻǻˣҲ֪һ˹һ˭֪ᷢʲôأ
á޿޶̲סЦҾȡ
顭
ͻȻȴһƬɱǹȻĻҪңǶǻɣȫ汬ڲս
ģȴЩѿȻҲ˲ˣǺЩˣǸ޿޶Ķࡣ
ǺǣֻΪϴһû뵽ȻļһȻطûе֮ģҪɱ˻ǿ԰쵽ġ
˵ʱ¸·Ѿ˳Ľ£֪¸·һ֣ôҲûʲôôǿһ˿Աġ
Ǻǣ֪㻹ʲôֶҪûеĻôһ
޿޶ź˵ڳ˶ûǹ֧Ż϶
𣿡
޿޶ЦЦ˵ʵϣԸͶǻǿԵõٵĶ˵ģһԸᣬܶʱ˲ͿԸ㶨
Ļ޿޶ЩԤУֻ֪ԷôţҪ֪ǹ֧ˣҲˣ˫ûǹ֧ҪȻҲⲫĳ֡
ʲôƶұҵҪıжľʦȻһôǿˣҵǲ֪ҪҴôһֻ¶ᱻǸץס
޿޶򶨵Ŀź˵û뵽Ȼı¡
㲻ϲŮˣȻţȴҪ֪粻žͿ԰飬ʲô֪طʲô㲻֪ɣ
ĻóЩë֪鲻ô򵥣ֻеըҩʲô
ʲô
޿޶֪Լʲô˵ڵȶԷ˵ñƭ
һЩըҶãҪҳ飬طᱻΪƽء


275 ɵ
˵⻰һ˵ȴɧҡ
ûк˵ġ
Ҫ嶯
ǲҪǴҶ侲һ£Ƕһ˲ǣĵطһսĻǺױ˸ʳġ
˶źߴ󺰵Ƕºһʱ䱻˸Ūʱһ鷳
ô룿ųЦطʤߡ
ҺǺ棬ô쵽飿ҪûĻطͲᱻըɣ
ź˵ȴ޾⣬ƽĿų˵㲻ú棬ЩԳһ¾֪Ȼû뵽ʵȻôǿ󣬲һжûйϵʤֻҡ
Ų޵ķʸȴŶԷô׼ȥʱ޿޶ȴǿų˵Ҫȥ˾һӣʲô鶼
Щ׵Ŀ޿޶ʵʲô˼
ҹһطըҩҪ㿴Щߵˡ
޿޶ָЩ׼뿪طˣע⵽˫˶ѾȥȻǶԺԸʮ˽⡣
ǺǣǿߵģҿԱ֤ǳȥҲ·һҪҵĻ
Ҳǹ̬ˣڻûдսʱ򣬾Ѿ׼һС
Ҫô޿޶źʵʮֵĸӣñɾƴɱģֻǱ˫̸С
Ҫ㣬ǸСӱѺ֪ŪûпܵģֻҪѣ֮ڣֻܹ㷿Ѻţڴʱͽ⣬ô
ʮǵ˵Ҫ˶ԳЩ鷳˶ûʲôӰ졣
ֻǳôܻӦ飬Ҫ֪ԼС˼ҵϣΪ޴顣
˵ûа취ӦǣҿɲʲôˣҪΪǷԼС飬ǻԼͺá
ǺǡҲֻЦЦ֪е˻취˵޿޶ڳȴûʲôȨǳԼǾЩͬ
ϴ飬ҪǲӦĻǹƴҶҪҪǴӦҪҲľһһѣһֻһİˣ֮ǰô궼ûôϵ˵ĻǾһжԻصȥʹ㲻뿴ǣ߾ǡ
ϴ󣬲ҪٳˣҲôѲŵλãҪΪôһ˷һУоֵã
ϴһνϴúҪǶΪôһˣԼûʲôͱ
˶޿޶˼ʮֵԣôҪ޿޶Ӧ顣
Ҳֻǿ޿޶Ҫ֪޿޶ʲôѡΪô׾ͱ˸㶨
޿޶Ҳͷ֪Լôѡ˶ʮֵİû֪ڵʲô
ֻǼ֮޿޶̧ͷź˵Ҳ֪ϲʲôһȴǿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬Ҫˣһӿ϶Ϊᡣ
޿޶ƽĿźֻǺȴ΢Ĳ޿޶ʵ˵ʲô
˵Ҫˣǿ϶һΪᡣ
޿޶ǿ϶˵ʵ֮ǰҲûʲôԷ飬ǿԼ²ûд
ʲôʱֵģ޿޶ʵڴգǳȴǴŲ²ĺӦǱ޿޶ٳס
ҲԾҪ޿޶ĺӸٳס˫ַﻹн飿
˱ûУЩ֮ǰ˵㱧һӣʱҲ֪ǸʲôˣȴǽҪˣǾֱӽǸӸɱ
޿޶赭д˵ڳȴǺëȻ޿޶ʲôͨˣĺĵزҲʮֵĺ
ͲǱ˸ŪΪ˾ˣ޿޶ʵôûа취ףԷƾʲô¶˾ġ

޿޶ȴǴЦ˵ҲΪ˾һȥߣҪʱŪ޹ҲûʲôΪҪΪ֮ǰ˱ȻҺܲãﲻһ仰ǽһҹްҹôҲҪΪʲôǾɱֶϺˡ
ӣһӡ
ڳ˵뷨ڲŷ֣֮ǰ˼޿޶ǶôʴȣҪ벻޿޶ķֻۣҲһͬȥ
˼ˣǰɣʵҺûʲô޵ģҲֻΪԱѣǿܻ֪ңûд֮ԵǾΪ˵ࡣ
˵ҲʱʲôʲôģڴҶһʱЩҪģ߳ţЩһܿͻˡ
ЩѾ֪޿޶ĿˣҪǻԻŵĻǳǡ
ҪûмǴֽô꣬Ψһڵĵطûڵƴ׷ɱ㣬ҪȻĻһжᷢ
Ҫ˵ڵ飬ҲһЩҪȻҲ顣
˵飬ֻҪ˵ǲ̫٣
ǳĿźоԼĻﲻô̼˵ҪĻ취Ů˸㶨һֱŮ˸ʩҲ룬ϲֶһֱǻŮ𣿡
Ĭ֪˵Ķԣ֪Ů˶ʮֵᣬȴûһԿϵģоᷳǸǳŮˣϲ
һжѾزȥҪôõŮˣҪôһ

̾ϢһԷ֪ʲôҲЩëҪ֪ڻûֵǵĴûбôȥ
˵Ϊֱ֪飬ֻڻУЩһﻹҳһЩЩ˺αɱɱ޿޶ǲϲ׷㲻бİ취Ҫ̸һ£Ҹ㣬ôء
޿޶ҪһŽ˵ǲҪǽҸʲô˼Һ㣬Щ档
ֻʵȴǹĺܣĬһ˵ҲҪߡҲȻĻ·Ȼߣɽڲûա
Ǹˣһ仰ȴҪԼһơ
Ҳ
ŶԷ˵ҪǸȥһӴ򹷡
Ҹоԡ
޿޶ʱһ仰˼ԣóȥþͬھ
ֻҪûг⣬Ƕͬ飬ΪɵӲɣ

ʱ򣬳һ˵
Щ㵣ŵļһȻҶԷõǻ
˵¸·˵оһʲôҪ˵
ǿԳȥ̸̸𣿡¸·ųʵóЩɵ۵ʵϴԸߡ
ϴҴȥ̸̸⻰ȴ¸·õ˵ġ


276 ˼
¸·ʮΣ붼û˵ȥɣ
ֿų˵㲻ҪָߵˣҪ뿪طһٲֱŪ㡣
ûҪߵģ⻰ȴмֲˬ˵ҪеӣǾԱ£һ
ҪʲôҪƵԱڸȥǣҵҲߣҪҳ飬ҿ϶ᡣ
޿޶ЩŭĿų˵Ҳһӣûɡ
ĻȴڳЩĪʲô֣
û֪޿޶ΪʲôóųȥҪ֪ڳ޿޶ƣҪ֪ĴڲһƬطΪǿߵԱıԵ
߰ɡ
¸·Ҳóʲôɫæųߣֻǳȴǿ˶Էһ˵Ҫҡ
ɲʲôɵӣЩһûʲôѺõĹϵ˭֪ЩûбֶΣ
ΪһǿԶܹ͹ߵʵ֪
¸·ҲӦ˿ɲʲôģ˼һǿĴڡ
Լŵ㣬Ҫʲô飬ǾֱӺƣȻѾһҲҪʲô
ͻȻ޿޶˵ҪԼȥ޿޶˸סĻǾƸͲƿصģʱֻ췭ظı仯ⲻҪġ
ҿԡ޿޶ǿ϶˵û֪
¸·һǰһȥȴǱ
طˡ
طΧûˣߣ˭֪⸽ʲô֮ģ˼ҵҪǲСı˸Χסǵʱ֪ô
һҪ˵˵Ҷкܴĺô
¸·ų˵档
˵ɡ
Ҫ֪ôһ˽Լʲô
ôڵ㿴棬һƬսҪûʲôĻǶܶˡ
¸·ǽЩս˵ҪóһЩԣЩ˸һ㡣
ȴü˵ʲô鰡İɣҪֻ֪һ·ˣұҪߵ͵Ļһʱ䣬ȷˣߵģҲ֪ʲôɫһֱҪŪңҲûа취
Լ鷳Ҳ˵˼ǣһжûйϵҲ޹ĸо
¸·ųѯʵҪǿԵĻϣ㽫һЩ鶼ҿҲ֪һңңҸоǲĵж״̬
¸·⻰˵Уǳȴôļһ˵ҪôĻѾˡ
˶ΪһƬطֻгɱ¾ȴûж֪ɱ¾֮Уеǻ۵棬Ҫûǻ۵ĻͳΪڻҵˡ
ϴɱ޿޶ˣҸպóǱߣǸʱΪҪһͷⲻҾͶҸɵ޿޶ˡ
Ǽ򵥵˵ȥ飬¸·ȴǿ˵Ѿ֪֪˵Ҳ֪ģ
㲻֪ģҲԣǰ漸ΪһЩһߣǸһҲ֪ʲôɫȻƴ׷ɱңҵʱΪԱҾͽԼĻԸ𴩡
˵ط¸·һжǳġ
뵽¸·̾Ϣһ˵˵ҲأҾҪ֪޿޶ʲôϵֻҪϵһȺ˵
¸·⻰ȴûдں˼޿޶Ѿˣô˾ͱҪ
ҪǻһҲûʲô˾ˣǸǳǾûôס
̾Ϣһ˵Һ޿޶ûʲôϵҶû޿޶Ҳ֪ǻˣһỪĹһŹǲܹŮǸ飬һˣǻֱʧȥ⹦ҲӦ˵Щİɣ
ʱ̣ǸоԼʮֺõģȻѾŮˣôһڶţ˭ûа취ʲô⻹ô˵ô˵
¸·ȴһϲ˵˵ģ
ʲôҪƭǣ
Щ˵ϴǲⰡҪǺƴĻҲġ
ҲЩ鷳㲻֪Ϊ֮ǰܵһЩ̼ŻȻҲ⣬һֱΪϲ޿޶缸ǰҶѾ˵ֱӸɵ޿޶ԼһҲù޿޶ѹţ֪ô˵˵ϲ޿޶ܹ顭
˵¸·ĶôܣҪ֪Ҫ簴Ļȥ鶼ᱻϵ졣
Ļȴǵ˵ͷҪǺʱҪ޿޶Ļ޿޶ûа취
飬ҲֻܹЩε˵Ů˶ϲǿƵģ飬Ҳס
ʵϣǶǿԺҲϣֻһСطңҪΪһңҲ֪ˣһ˶ҪЩĿǳˣҵŪǣǶЩǿɿˡȻǶôĺãǲҴ鷳
¸·ĻóףǸ𺣸ôˣǵô顣
¸·˵ҿ㣬һ㣬ȴҪ㣬Ҫô죿Ҫ£ԱȽϺƽĽǵǺ飬ܣ
ôţ黹ʲôԽ
㻹ǵҸղ㣬޿޶Ĺϵ𣿡¸·Ҫõص˵ǻɣһǲһˡ
Ҳ˵ǻ۵һģ
ҺֻͨѶ㲻ϵĹϵ˰ɣ¸·˵
ҪǽϴһԸ𣿡
¸·Ҫ޿޶ˣҪ˵ĻǳһԸʲôģ޿޶Ůˣȴûжĳ˵ҪԼԸ⣬Ҳô飬ֻǲô˵ҪطҩʲôǾͲҪ˵£ȻҪȴҲԼԭ򡣡
ǿ϶˵ҲһԭˣҪΪ棬޿޶Ӻˣô첻ġ
ףֻҪһѣ֪ÿһ˯ζǱ޿޶Ƭ˯ںĶӣҲһ⣬ȥһʱǸط˸Ǹط˸һŮˣ֮飬Ҳס
¸·⻰˵̾ϢһΪֱ
ֻΪô꣬˵Ĺϵʮֵĸӣ޿޶ôԸ⿴һ۵ģһΪŮ˼һΪԼҲЩ̬˼ʮֿ
̾Ϣһ֪ôһֻ¸·˵˵ô࣬㶼ûиңҪʲô
ҵ˼Ǽ򵥣ǽȥ˵̸޿޶ķ佻̸
¸·⻰òųǴ㵣Ҫͬھ
Ҫ֪һһͷǣ˭֪ǻʲôһƵĻǺҶûʲôӹɣ


277 
ȴûʲôİ취¸·ʵҪǰ˵ģ˵ô죬ǲǿߣҪҲߵĻҿɲȥ飬Ҳ֪˶ˣ˼Ϊ׵ģҪһţΪᰲ𣿡
ǿɲ֪һͺõĻǻʲô飬Ͼ˭ûа취ģҪַˣɱֻ»Ӷࡣ
ôûʲôôȻ϶ҪԼһ·
ڵʲô
¸·Ҳ֪ʲôһ˵ʵϣǿԺģĺҲһдˣֻŮ˸ԻסˣҪ߳Ů֮УǾͿԵõĶ
ҡҡͷ˵ǣ㡣
Ǻǣ˵ģҪԸĻ϶ģǶó޿޶Ĺϵʲôģ鶼޿޶һԸҪǺõ޿޶ĻǴҲǶ𣿡
¸·һϸ˵ͣΪͲ֪Ҫʲôڳݶ֪
Ҳܹ˵ʲôҪǳôı£Ҳط
˶Ϊûа취ڻĻȥǱˣԲŻᵽĵطⶼѾΪ˵֪
ȴǿ׳һŶԷ˵֪ڻǸʲô𣿡
֪
¸·оԼЩˣ㲻ڻǱ߻첻ȥ𣿡
Ǻǡ
Ц˵ģǰҶѾб߸ǿʱҪҪ߿սСʱҿԽɵһ˵ңԸں𣿡
¸·뵽Լ©һ㣬һʼΪûʲô˸棬ԲŻ뵽ԷһһڿⶼԼˣ˵ʲôǶ̸ס
Դ
ǿ϶ʵ⻰¸·ЦЦ˵ҿûа취ȴǰٷְٿ϶ҪȻҲ㣬ֻҪǺͽѣǷһȫҪ
¸·Ҳ˫˶ѾѪҪҪ֮ǰҲЩѣҪһЩҪȻǻӵ鷳
Ҳ¸·뷨̾Ϣһ˵ŵ˭ȥţҪң𣿡
ᡣ
¸·Ҳ뵽˳ĵģ˵ֻȥǶҪ˲κϽ˵ʲô
ʱϵԽ鷳Խ
ֻһˣҪߣֻҪһƬطըҶߡ
ǿ϶˵¸·ȴ˵Ϊըô٣
ҡ
ɥĲǳΨһ뷨
棬ô˶ЩͲס
ǵʲôѵǾҪһֱţ
Ҫˣô찡
Ҫô࣬¸·϶ģҲ룬ҪЩ˶ʱһƬо֣˭а취ʰ
˶ǻ¸·ֻҲЩ˺
ȴʲôû˵ֻǿ޿޶˵Ǹ𣿡
š޿޶ҲôγʱҪǲ˵ǻô죿
ҲЩźߵһǸһԣҵһۿ㣬ҾѾ϶ĵΨһϧҲ֪䲻㣬ΪʲôôԸ⿴һۡ
ҲһĵĺӣôһֱҪ޿޶һ𣬿ϧŮ顣
ȷϲң
޿޶ȴǺıڷ磬һ̬ĺͺ̸
϶붼û˵
Ŷ޿޶ûм˵˭֪ʲôֻǿ棬żƮ
ܿ¸·˭̸֪ʲô߽ʱ̬ʮֵɡ
ҸоͺбҪ̸̸֪ΪΣ
޿޶ʵǻ֮кɣ޿޶ȴɫ΢˵㽫Ҹˣ
ҳҲһԭˣҲҲ飬Һ˵ˣҪûа취̸ĻǾͿսǵ滹һߴ̣һ߳Զ
Щ˵սĲ²ۣûа취ûмôĴսǴ̣ȫطò
ãǳȥҺطһСʱ֮û뿪طǱΪƽء
޿޶Ҳ±˸֪ʲô֣Щ֪ûа취
̲סģһȺӣĺã
ǣֱȥ㷿Ǳ̸߽ҪҪ죬Ҳ㲻ǣ
ƮƮһ仰˶оնġ
ȴû˵ʲô޿޶ʱ
ҲмڴĿ޿޶Ҫ޿޶Ըȥһж˵ҪǲԸĻֻҪͬھ
Ǻǡ
޿޶Ŀų˵ҪҸ͵ǰɣ
ôܣҪ㲻ԸĻҿ϶ᱣ㡣ǿ϶˵⻰¸·ЦղҲ֪˭˸ôģ
¸·ҲԼ˵鷳¶ûʲôô
üͷһԸⱻ˸ӣʱ̣ҲԼ˵ʲô֪޿޶϶Ѿ˼ҪȻҲȥͳ˵Ļ
𣿼ȻǺãһȥҪǾһȻ޿޶ųĹԼ׼һĽࡣ
ɫʱ޿޶˵Ҫʲô˽ܵ飬ҽȥʲô
ǡ
¸·ҲҪǳȥĻԼǸϴ˵һʲô߰顣
޿޶һЦ˵¸·˵ķݣҪеһȥǾʸ˵ҪûеĻʲôҪ˵Ҳ֪Ҳּ򵥵Ůˡ
Ҫ޳Լ˭˭Լ㶨˴˲ãΪʲôҪһ
á
޿޶Ѿ˵һϣҲûа취ֻܾܹӦԡ
߰ɡ
޿޶粽߳ȥǸųȥ
ЩεĿ¸·һ˵˵ĺð취
ҡ
¸·Ҳ֪ôݱ޿޶ҪǴĻǾͲ˺úõĽ̸潻ǿɱ˭˭ԡ
мͷۣ׺ʲôһΪʲôҪ޿޶һϣҪ֪Ů޿޶ȻƯȴҲ˽Сȥ
Ǻˣڰȫˡ
ֻ޿޶ʲôҪǽǲǺܺõ𣿡
ǺǣŮ飬Ҫ˶ףͲס
˶żֳ˵ǽٺղôһӾͱս
ղҲûǹ֧ҪȻôһ롣
Ȼ죬Ͷ̶̲һСʱʱ䣬ǶѾ˲һǧϡ
һ·ߵ޿޶棬ЩʿǱĹӣȮżһ
Щս˭ûȥᣬҪˣǾˣطĲ࣬ȴеǣ˵ΪֵǮľˡ


278 Դϲ
ֱӽȥ棬ҲǺһν棬ط鶼ʮֵĸӣһֱΪжٻܣڽȴǷִĺס
ЩͷȫͲԼ飬ӲԼ飬ģһˡ
֪ԼеȣǲԲʲô
Գ޿޶ǾĿǡ
ڿ˵˰ɣ
޿޶ź˵Ҫ֪ںʲôҪ˵ġ
һôһҪ㣬ҲʲôֻϣԸһѣҲ֪Ϊʲôƫİġ
һϵĿ޿޶˵һԵͷҪ㽫˸ȥ
޿޶Цİң
ûдҶİؿ֤
ǿ϶˵Ǹ˵޿޶ȴ˵ҵİֻûа취õ˰ɣҪõң㻹ǵһŪң
Ҳеòɧõ޿֣ҪΪ޿޶һֱûбõھƾǲͬģ
ǼĿ޿޶ʵҪôǰ˵ϲҹ飬Ϊʮӵİɫ䣬ǰ˵ϲʯҴҵͣΪ
ҪǳԻԣԻҲЩӣǱ˸֮˦
޿޶һȴûи˼ʲôͷеֻһֱȥܶƴ
ǻɣǲǹúıҪȻôܻôİã
޿޶˿ҲмֶҡʵҲǻɣ˼ʲôģҪ֪ΪʼʱٴҲûʲôôǸʱûб֣Ҫ˼ҪҲ޿κΡ
ڵЩˣǺһõ˵Ǻ˻ɳ
ȻҲ޿޶Щҡ˵޿޶ҲϲʲôǵʱһֱܣԱΪǺĴڣֻҪ㣬һ˵ǿԼǿ󣬶ڸЩ˵ǿ󡭡
ЩŮֻǿ˱˵ĺãȴߵǸ˸á
ǵӳģ⻰鶼˲֪١
ƽ޿޶ΣֻǹԼǷԺ޿޶أһۿ޿޶ΪһصŮˣֻԸЩǿȵֶ޿޶
ȻһʼЩ֧޿޶ɱֱӰռ޿޶Ǹã
޿޶Խĸӣ֪ԼǶԻǴȴǺĿų˵⻰ԼĵĻҪ֪Ҫң߿һݵأҪǵʱһЩ˹չһжôļ򵥡
޿޶ջôõ飬ȴǿ϶ĴжôҪ
ۣ˭֪ʲô
鲻ģǺҲˡ
ҲҪôһݵ㣬ֻҲ֪ˣһֱǱȽϳʵ˵ģͺһԣҲԼŮˡ
뵽¸·ŵĶҲһ󼤶룬ԼǲǸýǸСӸմأ
ôһطЩţ
֪Լкܴջȥ޿޶Ůһ㲻ᶯҡһҡǾ˵˼Ѿı䡣
ҴһҪӮˣ㡣һ˵ľûе
ʱ򣬺ͻȻų˵Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬ղ³ΪŮˣƴǶϧ
Щ˸֪ԼҪǼһж˳£ΪʲôҪأ
޿޶ǿˣûκε˭˼Ρ
ɣطҸ㣬ԻĵĲսûôһջҡ
ǿ϶˵ѾмᶨǾҪӮֹҪӮһҪɾ䣬þһɱ
ʼ
ߵǰΪһŮ˵ľͿʼˡ
ɱ
ò˵вʵȭˣֻǿϧԷûϣҪȻսֻ»ӵǿ
ûйֻһ㣬ȭ֮󣬳ųһȭ
ûκεٶȶʮ
ȴǿӶҪɳҪ㣬ȴǸûа취㣬˶Ǳסһ㡣
޿޶һֱڹעţֶΣҪһȭֱӻںĶͷֻºҲҪˣԥһͻȻ󺰵ס֡
Ŷ
ȴѾԤһͣ
亹ˣû뵽ԼȻԾô
ȴǻΪղ޿޶ˣԼҪܵʱ޿޶Ȼʲô
˺Ů˶һֻҪһͬǶһ뵽顣
̸֪ͲԼ飬ֱ߳ȥ
ǲº˿ǹʲôģĸ֪ҪҪֶΣһӾ͸о
޿޶סģ룬ջûнС
ô
¸·վ濴ųʵǹ
Ȼǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ǿ϶˵˵϶һֹЦݣҪʮûгǺͲǸˡ
ڳ˶׳ʲô˼Ƕ̲סЦ
ҪͺˣҪ֪ǲ֪˶飬ûطһ˺ġ
ʲôǻôɣڶ֪жˡ
ʲô취˴
ЩȴͻȻ˵ҪһƬطоפѾ
ЩϰЩ˶̬ȣЩ֮ǰôҲǸǻİ
Щһ粻ȥ飬ĺ
ˣЩ鲻ҪˣǸģкҪĿԺһĻԺǶ׸ô죬Ǿᡣ
¸·վ˵֪϶ڳһЩһЩңʲôã˭Сܣ͸
ǿˡһЩܺС֪ǳķȥչˡ
¸·֪Ķʮֻȴû뵽ôжˣ˵
߰ɡ
¸·˵
¸·ȴǴЦȥ
޿޶ͺ˶鸴ӵһ𣬲мոձ˸ļһȴʮֲˡ
ֱһˣҲ֪˵ʲô
ҿ㣬ΪʲôôƯŮˣ㲻ҪأҪ֪һֱһˣȥ֮Ҿûмһ˽ķ䣬Ҫʲô֮飬飬һ˲ŻŵģҲš
¸·ֱûʳĺ֪顣
֪Һʱ𣿡
¸·ʵǸ޿޶
֪
¸·֪޿޶飬ҪȻҲʳĻ
Һǵڶμ棬ҪǵطҶĴڣȻ׷ɱңȴôûмסҪһΪһЩһӹƶᵽߡ
⻰ȻûֱӽͣȴҲ¸·ףǾǳط
ȻطҪôһŮˣǲǸԼñ
޿޶Ըˣǲܸһߵģ
֮ǰ˵Щ飬Чʱһͺ˵ģǲ֪ǸŮˡ


279 
¸·ҲûжٵΪķչòЩϺϣЩϡ
˭Ů˵Ĳܴ󣬵ȻҲһ
ֻǺܶʱ˶ԼĿˣʹĲϲҲᴦϾ˺ܶ඼ǵĶ
Ů˾ЩرǸողűŮ޿޶Ǹ£¸·ԼϴŮ˸Ӱ졣
ûа취˸ոչһҪûʲô飬ǺԱȥԼŮ˵뷨
Ȼ鶼ǿףǾǳҪ
һ¸·ı飬Ѿ֪ʲô
̾Ϣһ˵˽Ҹ͵Ǳ߿ԲҲ֪Ҫң޿޶ҲûʲôɫҿϴҲϲСĴڣ˵طôܻ᲻
һ˵˭ʲô״̬Ƕ
¸·Ҳ֪жô鷳ʧˣų˵һôһ仰ҪЩ㲻һΪҸ·Ҹźô꣬һЩǿԸ㶨ġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ¸·ͳԼǾǳ㶨޿޶¸·ǰһ¿
طûУǿԴȴʮֵķḻ
ܵ˵˿ʮֺģǾǻݼأЩ׹ˣҪһëΣҪȥҲ׹ЩһһֱĶ߽սҵԵʣֻŻ㹻ĻõһЩ
ϣˣҪûа취ЩҲҪҿԻȥΪҪ󣬱Ҳû뵽õЩ
ʱûпҪʲôģΪҪЩǿЩѣʹϳű飬ǶЩѡ
طҪʽ̫󣬻иɽǸ𺣸ƶûа취㶨
ûб˼¸·ȴЩܲ˵˵Сң֪𣿡
С㣿̾Ϣһ˵ôСˣ
Ǻǡ¸·ЦǼ˵ֲǲ֪ˣֻҪӦˣһҪģҴӦ飬Ǿǻ˵ǲſ𣿡
ҿ˭֪ʲôˣ
Һûദʱ䣬Ҳó˵ûг⡣
̲סȴ˵Ҫ˵ԼҪ˼ҾʦǴò
ڸʲô
ղŵ鶼Ѿ㶨ףԣˣҪ֪ôܻлǰƣ
ƲᣬôתŶ֣Ҫ֪ڸոտʼõ޿޶ֱӳֻɱкøеˣⲻҪ޿޶пʱҪǲԲе顣
һ˵ĶѾвٵ뷨
ȻҲΪ¸·ͳûｻģҪȻĻҲ²ôࡣ
Ҳ֪һõˣҲҪ֪Щ鲻ͿԸ㶨ģϴ˼ֲǲ֪ҪҪŪҵʱô찡㻹ԻҲɣʱֻҪ㲻Ҫ侮ʯͿԡ
ǿ϶˵Ҳһˣ˳Դʮ׵ģǻɣԼǷ޿޶ϡ
˲֪ǳȴǺ޿޶ŮҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ׾ͻᵼִ©
¸·Ҳûм֣Ҳ֪ԼҪǼֵĻǾԼҲڡ
ãʱһһĽĽΣңЩѵϵʽҽЩǡ¸·Ҫ御ǳȴǡǺǡһЦЦݴżֳ
ʲô˼㻹Ϊһȥ׷ɱѲɣҲطҵĵ̣Ѷǻˣһ˵ֱȫɱˣ㶼ûа취Ҫĳ飬ʲô취ԸҰ
¸·⻰˵ĺֱӣȴЩڽܣҲͨˣȻ֪Է˵ûʲô
̾Ϣһ˵ҪطֱӵҪȻҸͲ飬Ҫ֪֮䣬û˿ԶԸҡ
źͰʵȴôһŵʱ
¸·һֱ׶ЩƵĸıж󣬵ûа취뵽
ˣҰһסĵطҸҪһסҪڱĵطҲġ
ҲʲôɵӣҪһֱΪЩ˵ĿԵԵĻǾӽˮĽࡣ
á¸·֪뷨ɣһȥҳԵģûбҪʲôҪҪĻҲھһֱӺ棬˵ǲǣ
ʲô˵Ƿܶ÷ܣ׾Ϳ֪ǲôһ
á
¸·оԼЩȤٵĴųߵһװݻĲ档
ˣЩƴˣҪǽ𣿡
ͻȻ뵽ĶȻ󣬵ǻûгֹͣ
Щ˶ǸǵģȻ԰ŶԷͣҲҪ֪ЩǸ޿޶ģôܻᰲŵˣҲҪôģܶʱǿͺãߵԣЩһսҲǺģܶ˶ڵ˷ֳʤ˷һЩӵ˵飬̫ࡣ
Ȼ¸·ǱˣҲ׹ôЩսģٿоҼҡ
ҶҪ㣬ߵսôоİôİ
Ҫ飬ֻһֱûлᣬѵʱ䣬Ϳѯ
Ļ¸·̾Ϣһ˵ô˵Ҫ˵Ļ⣬ΪطֻҪһڳԵģǾͻΪ飬ҲѾ٣ոʱ򣬻
طԴʮֵѷҲʡ
һ˵طûνս򣿡
ô¸·Ļ֮ƺб˼Ҫ߷չطôܻսЩ˶û˵ģҲûа취˵طҶǲ˵ģֻҪ˭ȭͷǾ˭ġ
Ϊó֪ط飬¸·ּ˵һЩص顣
֮Ҳ֪̾ϢǸźأ
ȴǺܿ϶ҪԼ뷨ʵֵĻǷ飿
ҵһ뷨ʱҪϴ˼Ҫû飬ǶԽ̸
ЩĶҪԼȫ֮ģҪǲȫĻô붼ûá
ҳҲʲôʥˣģ㶼ҪɱˣһΪ룬ԲУ
á
¸·ֱͳԵˣǳԵĶʳû׷֮ġ
֪طҪ׷Ǹû׷
еĳԣǾѾ̻࣬ʵ뵽
սҲ֪ʲôʱͣȻѾҪȻҲôƽס
ֻǳȴǲ֪ôͻȻ뵽岻ôãҪ֪йŮģôʲô

ڳŶĳ洫ЦҪʣҲ֪ʲô˵ˡ
ϴˡ¸·˵
֪ǳ˵¸·Ҳж
ʱ̣ʮֵĸˡ
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¸·ٶС˵ȴƲƲ죬Щûе˭֪
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ܿ죬ˣֻ߻һ޿޶һǣֽʲôֻҪɵӶóˡ
ףǡ


280 
һ˵Լ޿޶ĹϵʮֵĸӣҪԼ˵Ļǵʱ˼ҺԼɵ
˵ЩʱĲ۴
ֻǵ˵ʱ򣬺ЦһӾ
ǺǣĻ㲻оα𣿡
޿޶ų˵˼óЩ޷סԼôˣԼʲôûααģ
Ů˳ûа취⣬ҲĺҪԼŮ飬ǻŮԼŪЩеĺãкܶŮ˶ϲ˺ơŪġ
α̾ϢһҲ֪ˣʲôԸ񣬺ֵܣҪһſԱĵĸˡ
оԼҪ£סҪһʲô˼ĻԼ϶ĺܲң鶼Ѿ֤ҲҪôࡣ
Ļ¸·ȴǲ֪ô죬Ͼں˼ҲЩ²͸
𱨵ĸʣʮִġ
Ⱦƣ޿޶һֶۣԷûʲôӦʱſų˵Ȼǽ˺ȣҪľƣܹǱŪһЩöҪǽҿסЩ飬һжˣҪ㿸סҸһһǹ㣬һСʱ֮һ׷㣬׷ˣǾͲʲôò飬ֻҪС
ҿֱӱˣһ仪޿޶ںĶֹǸһҪŪ㡣
ҿãȻЩĹȥ޿޶ҲҪҺòð
Ǽ˵û뵽޿޶ȻĿŵҪǻɣǲ޿޶ġ
¸·ҲỪȻôϤһЩرԣҿ϶ǲҪŪ˼ʱ˵Щʲô˼
Ǻ֪鲻ôһ£ֻҪɵӣǶΪѣŪеĺûᣬҪǻ˵Щ飬Ȳ˵޿޶ûа취סǺĶ֡

ǴЦЦĺͻأȻͬ˶֪Ц
ô˰ǲǱŵ
пܣֲǲ֪ڵʲôģҪ֪ǺѾЩԴףСӻǰ˼޿޶ѾˣҪǺĻӶЩ׳ˡ
ģ޿޶ıԣҪ鶼޿޶Ѿ˸ŪֻǿϧСӵı£ҪԸǵĻҲһ͵˶˵
Ƕų̾Ϣ˶Ѿ֪һǺпܻطֻҲֻ̾Ϣѣû˻ȥΪ˵ʲôġ
һû飬һҲҪȥŲвǵλá
Ҫ֪ÿһϴ޶ģҪǳǵĻ˭֪ǻ˭߰
Цʲô
ûдϳЦпǳһЦˣȻԼΪʲôȫ˼ң
ЦһȤֻĻҵһҪ㣬֪һش𣿡ͻȻźʵ֪ҪԼĻǿ϶ҪһЩĶ
˵
ǿ϶Ŀų˵Ҫ֪һ֮ǰ˵ʲô
޿޶ȴʮֵĸӣȻ֪ԼЩûа취ŪˣҪǳôŪĻ鶼ߵһ
һ֪ͼ𣿡źʵࡣ
Χȴһըˡ
Сӣʲô˼˭֪Ǻϴ屡죬طû˲ͣû˲Ĵ󷽣û˲˵ĳš
ߣСӣҪ֪ǵĵ̣ҪЩǴ鷳а취ʰ㣬㲻Ҫǵı¡
ĵСӣԼûгŵˣ㲻ܹǵĺ
ܶʱɶĲЩˣЩߵĹӣںߵЩһ
ںûôڵʱЩһѾ˵ˡ
¸·ЩҿǳҪ֪˵Խ࣬ǾԽ֤ղź𱨡
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Ҫһϸ룬ҪǳһҪ޿޶һĻǸʱ޿޶ܾ
һƵĽ࣬ҪôǺ޿޶Ķˣ
ܳû˼޿޶飬ȴ˶ûа취ϵ顣
Ҳһ㣬ǾΪһ㣬Ÿûа취ܣԼǲ˼ҲҪûʮְ޿޶
¸·ЩۣͲҪģҲûа취ı䣬ⶼʲô鰡
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޿޶ȴǿųЦҪô
Ǽ򵥣жг𱨳ҪߵˣҲܹߣ֮ǰ¸·ӦʮҪʮļ۸Ҿһ䣬˵޿޶ֵʮҪ˵ֵãʲôû˵
ڵģ㶼ˣҲùǳ뷨Ѿס
飬ȴޱ˵ԣҪǿԻŵǱߣһٸһҵ˱¿ɣֻҪ㹻ʳӦǳԣҪǶˣҰŪǡ
ȴͻȻоЩԾԼȦ֮ˣ
ʱҲûа취ô࣬ź˵ã֮ǰҪ˵ȼΪүǺǵҺȵﶼʶ㡣
ҲһѪԵˣҪڻպһЩ棬ɨЩһҪҪɱˣĲѡ
ʲôû˵ֱӿ¸·¸·һӾ֪ԼŪƵˡ
ҪˣǻпܻھҩʲôģǺȴǲм
Ҫ֪ҩ飬ûˮƽȥ顣
бµˣ˭ȥҩ鰡
¸·ҲѾֻ֪ҲǲŪֻһʱӹȥûа취Լ̨¶ѡ
Ҫ꣬ǺȻ׶ˡ
¸·ͺģȴǲ֪Щȴǻıġ
û˿ԽһⶼƵʮֺãΪˡ
֮󣬳ҡҡλεĵһһЯԼʾˣֻһСʱҪǻߣⲻԼ
ڵϺȻûа취ЩܵľƣʮȶУ˼ڱѩ֮кȵģںõطȣֲжôþˣֻҪɵӶʲô
Ƕȥ¸·޿޶ںߣЩС˵
Ȼ֮ǰЩ޿޶СܣǽȴΪ飬ѱˣֻһӵˡ
֮ǰ޿޶ˣºˡ
Щźˣȴ޿޶ˡ
˵˫ЩĻ̡̻
ϴ󡣡ʱ¸·ȴǿ޿޶˵֪һҿ˵˵𣿡


281 ֮·
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֮ǰ޿޶һֱҪ¸·ΪıߣֻǿϧһһֱźڵǺôѾߣҪ¸·ʲôҪ˵
ġ
¸·˵˼֣ͣһټ˵ǹϵЩ˵飬ղЩ˷ֳˣ´ĶЩ̣ЩһֱźϴģЩȴǺŹģֻǲô
¸·˵⻰ʱ޿޶飬ҪǶԷʲôģɲҼ˵ʲôȻкţ˭֪˱Ů˸ס֮ǻʲôģ
¸·ǿಿϴܶӹ飬Щ˶ΪŮ˵Ի󣬼Ů˵ʲôǾʲô
Ǻǡ޿޶ԽоʲôģΪڣҪǳڣѣʲô³
ʹҲӣȻںû̫ųо˸ЯֱһҲҪġ
ҪȻ˭֪ǻʲô֣Ҫ赭дŹЩ˿ܣ
޿޶Ҳ֪¸·Ҫ˵ʲôһ˵˵
¸·оԼЩ亹ðˣڶ֪ʲôŮ˺ԽԽѶԸѵ֮Ů˵ĸ޶ȵ
ʵϣ¸·ȴǲ֪֮ǰ˼޿޶֮ûҲΪྫڵ̷ںѾһˣʲôôࡣ
Ҫǳ֪Լ佫޿޶׽ųҲ֪θ롣
ƴ쭣Ѿ⳵ʱû⣬ǲ֪ʲô
ģҲûа취ˣôǱҪĽࡣ
̲ס֪˼ǳҲǳôôࡣ
ͻͻ
ڳԹʱĳȴͻȻͣˡ
ڵġ
֪Ǹ˵ô׷ߣֻҪӵˣǶ֪ʲô飬˸ֽš
ֻոߵʱҲֻǴԵļһ£ΪǸʱǱѡҪûг֪ôߡ
Һ߳ʮҪȻֻ¹ͷҪ
ڳߵķҲȥǱߣһȥǱߣֻǻᱻ˸ɵŪȫʬпܡ
űرĶ·֪ҪֱߴĻǺ׾ͻᱻ˸׷ϣֱӴˮߵģϴֻҹˮҲů
䡭
׷ȥǱֱˡ
ҪŹǸһϴ˵ˣֻҪŪһֱһͷĿλá
һȺ˿ų׷ȥЩǺˣǵĿֻһǾŪ
ˮߣЩ˺Х
Ҳʲô£鲻ࡣ
Ҳ֪Լˮζʱ䣬ֻҪһطһֱӳǻɱȥ
طкܶ·ȥǱߣΨһôܿ໺ͺ
һ죬Ÿһ죬Ҫ˵ʲô˶ûмһ
ģӮˣ֪Ӿ͸ŮƴǣڵǺҳȫǣǾȫҡ
мŭ˵Ҳûа취ֻܹҧߣҲ֪Լǰ·ʲô
¶ʮֵĸߣҹ¶ȴʮֵĵͣûн
ҪһֱˮӰսôѡһֱߣʳҲˣڶЩ꣬ҪҸжԵĵطԮʲôģ붼롣
ˣڸô죬ЩһѧˣһڵŻЩͳӻԽҰڿտ·Ͽ񱼣мһʻŮԱߵһŮ
նֲǲ֪ڼԸǵĶֻôһ㣬һμ徺ֻҪˣʱǷлᱣסС˵
֮Ϊ˵̾Ϣһ˵ǽʮ̳֮һֻΪĸϵǿЩ˱Ƚʮִ
Уǲܹûа취ҵѣֻҪѣ˵лᷭնȴǲǿ϶лᡣ
Ǻǣڳ˻Ǳߵļ壬жٹҵ˸Ҳκ飿ǻЩӴļ壬һǿǿˣ˭أ
˶ЩͷɥҲԸǷϣֻʵЩпˡ
նҲ֪Ҳ˵ʲôֻǿôһŮӣҪԷȴǲ֪ʲôط
Ҫ֪˴ӳһֱѧȻɺϵһҲô壬ŵ£ԸŰˡ
ǰһСĽ䱸
ʱǰĳ˵еĳЩš
Ͼطһ㶼ʲô˳֣һֵĻֻ²ʲô򵥵Ļɫ
䡭
ԶЩĺһϲĹطȻǲֻЩȴͷۣǾ֪Щһʲôˡ
ҪǵصĻô˵أ
Ҫ˵ԼǻˣֻºܿͻᱻЩ˸֣Ҫ˵Լǵ˺Щʡ
Ҳȥ룬ȥԼûлͦס˵
ɲԼһжˣȴǷԼȻϹ룬ûа취סԷЩֱӺХ

̾ϢһĵطҪס˼ҵĳΡ
ֻܹЩԶ
Щ飬ȴЩֲǾǸղ·ĳȴͻȻˡ
ô˰ɣҪĻԺÿһ춼Ҫ£ŶԵȺڡǿ϶˵һǰͣҲ֪ǳģո˵
֪ʲôҪ𣿡ǿǱ׼ʽ֪Լ׹ˣɫ谵޷Щ˵ǿԿǵĿǸߴˡ
ҸҵĻ߳ȴطսҺһʧȥϵ֪ǿ԰ңҸ͵𣿡
Լ֮ЩĿ˵⵺׹ѣôҲõһЩչˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰִʱ򣬼ٰӡˡߵϿǿԺòϵˣٰЩٶһЩ
ǵˣʻ˿ʵǶڵǻЩϤ
ǡ
úܱ׼ĵǻ˵ȴЩ֪ԼǷĿԻȥҪ֪ڵЩ⡣
ϳɣҪҶҪȻַ
ǳϵ˴˳ϵƣʱŷּ˶Ѿ׼ǹ֧ҪղʲôԾĻЩ˾ͻһӿǹ
Դ˳ûʲô⣬ǿǹԼǶûãǿǹǶԼ
ں棬һ仰û˵ںǲôϤʲô˵İ
Ҫ˵ˣֻǻ鷳
ǵˣʱһ󺺿˵ʮֵϬһӾ͸оԷʲôͨˣڶԷԼԼоһвĸо
ǡǼĻشмֵǫ·ηԷһ㣬ǳѧϰģҪǲ˻ʲô͵ųһ㣬˼ҸͲۿ㣬žаȫС


282 С
˺ǲŷ۵ʱ򣬵ص˿ʮֵĺÿͣЩŮˡ
Ǹ˵廳ȥʱ⣬ֻǻ֮еȴô죬ֻҪ׵ˣǶ֪ʲô˼
ҪǷһǿҵϣֻ»вٵ鷳Ƿڳϣֻܹ˵һ䣬ǻˣƨ°
ţǸ˵ҵĹҵĵطһɻ˵ڵĵƹмְ˴˶Ե顣
ԷȴǿԸоĵɻ
ûдЩĿųʵô㲻֪ط
֪ǲҹªţû˵طֻ֪λѮҶ¡
һ˵˺ü׹פĵط϶
Ͼ֮ǰִʱҲȥǱߣǸ֪ǵˣ˴˻˵Щ顣
˵Ц˵ҼǴˣӦòʲôͨ˰ɣҪͨˣͲ֪ôפڵĵط
⻰Ҳһ壬ȻԷųϳȴԷγʲô
ʵϣóģֻǰ˵ȻѾǾͷŶԷ顣
ȻŶԷַǿģ˴˶ʶʲô֮˵
֮ǰӵĶԱΪһЩ󱻸ϳһС˾ϰࡣ
ЩſھڵҪǲԼһϸݣֻǻᱻЩһΧ
˼ҺľҲʲô飬ҪǻһЩбµˣǿǻֱɱЩˣҲ
ŶֲˣӦòǼ縺ʲô˰ɣҿ֪˶кܶҪ縺ġ
󺺺˵һжôġ
Ȼ飬ǲԼ̾Ϣһ˵Щ鶼ģ֮ǰ飬ֱ뿪ˡ
𣿡Щɵ˵˵ĻҲһԭˣ
ǺǣǣҪҲ֪ˣһҪҪʲô飬Ƕᱻ˸ţȻǻʲôűסСԼģǵõĶȴһԼġ
뾭ѵ˵Ǹ󺺶Щ˵⻰̣㲻񵺹ˣҸоڵĻˡ
û뵽Լֻһ˵ľȻǹˣʲô
ֻҲ֪˵࣬Ц˵Ҳɣ
ǴỹҪȥĲ䣬һӾȥǱߣѵϵʽ𣿵ʱֱӸҪȻǱ߿ûа취档
󺺺ֱӵ˵ǿɲʲôˣûʲôҪǻԷסʲôģǾͲˡ
˵ǲܵ飬Ҫ֪ȻɽˮĵزȴҲò˶١
ԡ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˼һ죬ҲҪһ㶫Ϊô˲ɣ
ܿ죬ٶȻָ˶ھš
ʮֿ٣Сʱ͵һСС
һĵ̣ǹ֣ôһ˼
Ҳ֮󣬲֪ط˭
ʵϣߵĹҸͲһļȨң˵ͻǸʱĴսһĴһͳѣЩطģǶûа취
طԼװҲӹҵİš
绰㡣
ֱӸ绰˼ǲ绰ɣ
ʮ򶨣ڵǱ缸Ѿźһ绰ǾǴȥ˽ӵģľǸ绰
ǸߵѺûа취ӵ绰
һź˵Ǹ󺺻ɵĿһǸ룬ǵĺ롣
ŶǴټ
󺺿ų˵˫ףҪǮſԽ飬绰򼸴ΣҪǶͨĻ㵽ʱ϶Ҫۡ
ס޵ʱ򣬳޷ģȴЩ鷳
طʳʮֵİҪûǮֻ¾Ҫյˡ
ڳնͰۡ
ΪѾǸط飬ԼҪȻĻҪΪ̫ĶҲͬն֪طҪǮôͬһʱİķġ
ȻǲȱһǮһ̬ȵ⡣
ҪԺ󻹼飬Ǹô찡
һֵ˼⡣
ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ȻԼô߾ô߰ɣ

նźһ㡣
վڴ󺺵ǰĿĸĴ飬ŮĺƯǳĵһо
Ҳ֪ԼˣѾǸмҪǵһ·ϵĻҪߵطҲ֪ʲôʱŵ
ҵĻɣնֱô׹˵ġ
ס
ǿ϶˵ҲһԻӦ
ͺãҪ㣬ûǮҲûжǮչ㣬Լط취ȥԼЩε˴绰ǻ
ն֪ǵʲôԸղֻǴһ绰
ٸһλᣬԼյĻҲʲô
ǿɲʲôúˡ
һ㶼·ϵġ
ллˡҡҡͷնֱӸɾתȥ
ǺǣСӣҲ֪ڵʲôʹǻˣҲʲôúôȥɣҪ֪ڿرʱڡ
󺺿ų˵żֹ죬ڳС
Ҳ⣬˼ҴųȴһζûУ飬Ҫ˵ʲô
һвҹ棬˸˯ˡ
ֱȥȨļ棬ǿЩͶʲôġ
ֻҪԻþ޴棬ʲôطȥ
ԶȥıӰ̲ס飬ΪҲ룿Ҳ룬ҪһҸ֪Щʶ˵绰λһӾͻᱩ¶Ǹʱȫʬ
ǿ϶˻һֱظ𺣸ˣĿȻΪ֪Ƿ񻹻š
ҪǸǱȥ绰ǻᱻ˸֣Ȼǲܹ
ֻĺ䰡
УҪȥһطҪȻҪɡ
ڿΧǺһƬɲط߼Ҽһǹ֧ҩ֮ģҪǸʲôĻǲǴ鷳
Ĵңҵһһ˿ĲǺΣҲС
òԼ壬ֻҪ˵ĵطͿл˵Ĵڡ
ֻǻȱٱԼҪȻĻ綼Ա˸漰
ô˵ҲǻͳΪ͵壬û֮һ
ʲôײ㣬ͶǴڵġ
ۿۡ
ţҹһ㵽ʱ̣ûж˸ҳΪߵΰôá
˭
˺Ǿ裬Էõص˵ġ
ȴǻĵĿ
Ǹ䵽ߣԽסһ𣿡
˵ֱû˵ģֻȴǲףΪʲô˵֮ȴһ㶯ûС
ۿۡţȴûжѾ׶ԷԸ˵ʲô֪ΪʲôһΪҪסһΪǻˡ
Ȼڻ˶Ż˸оЩҲʮΪЩĵ˵һЩɥĲ飬Իݵģǻˡ
ΪǻˣǶ֪һֱڽνԺΪ󣬲ŻԼˡ


283 
ֻܹһڷĵطţڵҪԼȥʲôĻǺ׳ʲô鷳ֻԸһЩõĵطţ
ȴ֪֮ȴҲмΡ
ղǸǻˣ
Ǽ總Ǳߵġ
ˣʲôãЩ˵˻ӺǣʲôǲҪԼЩһļˣЩ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ЩһûģһȺ˶ûģ˵ģֻǲ֪һЩǺ˰ˣ˯ɣϣǸһﲻᱻ
֮ǰӼùٵļˣЩһʮֵ޳ܡ
ǽطǵļңûǮʱҪãһвǣҪǵصһЩ˸оĵʳóԣЩһɵֻط鷳֪ж٣ҲΪ飬ǶѾԼ
Ȼûа취⣬˶֪һЩʲô
ֻЩףǴҶкô飬Ϊʲô㲻أ˿̰ںطһϴ̸Ҫط
Ҫǳ⣬ҪĶûУô찡˵ǵصȨߣط˵ġ
ЩͷۣصһҧҪ֪ٶ˫ķԽԽ֪Լôźá
ʵϣ˼ҪһҲǺϾôԴѾǣֻǸһЩĶҲûʲôԡ
ֻ׹˿ȴǲ
طһֱǵͶôи߼أ
׹ȫ⵱˵뷨ǹעֻԼ棬һֱƴѹեЩ档
˶֪ʱʱ򣬵صЩ˸Ͳ׹ˡ
ȴǱȽʵһ㣬Ҳƴ׬ǮǸ֪ϸˮȻпܻΪطľƶı䣬ʱȴǼסԼʲôġ
֮зڣûа취ĶҪõطԴ˶Ը⣬Ҳǵĺûлᡣ
ǺгģҪңҺһ塣ֻܹóԼļֻȴûжԸš
ǵĺãֻÿһ˵õǶûж֣ΪصЩһﻹһ˵Լ˶٣飬˵һͬҲɵӣиõͶ֣߳˵ΪʲôҪѡΪͶ˵أ
Ŀ˵ҪǰǴˣͲЩ˵װ飬ǻ˶ûа취˵ϲһĻˡ
ǿֱóѵĶֻҪ㹻Ķʲô£ԺǷʲô֮ģǲġ
ҪԺطûа취סĻѡȥǣ˿ʲôط棬Ǿȥʲôط
ʵϣ˶ǶԽյԴԽ࣬ǵĺٻνĹҹ
鲻ʲôطһߴˮʹ
˶˵ڻطҪպǿЩһ
Ҳ֪Լûа취˵ʲô̾Ϣһ˵ŶȻǴˡ
ڻûʲô취֪Щ߾ǻˣڸո³ʱѾЩˣһŮ˺ԼȽ㶼١
飬Щա
Լò˼ҲǴȴǧҪ֪Ů˿ʿڱţԼЩ˻Ҫȥĵطʲô
˿̣˸ǵĻڷ潹ȥ
˾ٻӱʵгϢ𣿡
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Ҳ֪йػ˵飬һֱڹע
ĻٻӱԼԴ˵ڶʲôûУҺǳȥ֪ǲҪʲô顣
ٻӱҲʲôϹӣڵ£ЩѾʼжˡ
Ǻ໲һֱϵֻǲ֪᲻ʲô¶ˣǲ뿪أ»ʲô顣ʮֵҪǻȥһжѾ㶨ҪǳһĻ˭֪ʲô
˭֪ٻӱȴǲͬ⣬ôҪҵһΪҽҶҪصġ
ٻӱÿһ춼μ˳һֱԷ˵ö
ĶڵѪ
ԼʱΪʲôųҪȻҲڵ
ȻٻӱҿûиųҪȻ֪ܶôߡ
֪ʲôˣȻٻӱҪ֪ˣ棬ǲǺ
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룬ΣյʱһֵԸⲻֱѰ㣬ʲô
ȳȥɣУҲǻʲô¶ˣطڶ岻ôϣǸСӻᵷʲôġ
ٻӱҲ֪ڼҵһЩ飬Ȼ֮˽⵽ģҲ³ʲô⡣
ЩǲҪģٻӱ
ǡ
ֱӳȥˣֻո߳ͿϦ
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룬˵ޣҲ㣬˵ǣҲʮֺĳ϶
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ֱߵһƫƧĵطϦΧûˣ̾Ϣһ˵ڵЩ鷳
ʲôʲôûз֡
ڶѾϵˣֻºܿͻ֣Ҳ֪ǸһʲôʱᱬڵĻǺ׾ͻǴʮֱ顣
Ϧûϸ˵ѾŲ²ʲô˵໻ط𣿡
ǺǣʲôֵİʱҪˣǾ޶֤˼ҿ飬ǶĺܡϦЦʲôûп
ֻĻ֮£ѾƵһѡ
׼һط
ĿϦΪڵҪǶԷûʲô˼Ļ϶˵ʲô
Ҳ֪ҸȥһطҪ֪ڸŹ־ʤߵĻǿ϶ٻӱȻǿܻ飬˭ףĿŮˣҲŮ˵ڼʲôǱ߳ᱬǿߵʱҶѾߣԸ⡭


284 ־ʤľ
뵽ǸʱٻӱߣԷļ֣ϦЩŭ
Ҫ֪Ǹʱ뿪ǽԴϲ飬Ҫߣ˭߲ˡ
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ǺҪǳҪ˭飬еǰ취ȻʲôģǶڳȴҲһӢϧӢ۵ڰɣ
ǲףЩȻĳ˼ҸͲҪֱŪҪȻûлߣΪ˿Աӵ찡
Ҫ֪Ǹ룬ǳıٴûá
ġ
Ϧҧһݣɫżֺ˵˵ڻлɵЩ˵
ǲӽˮˣҪɵ˭Ψһ飬ǾǸɵңʲô壿ֲǲ֪ʱ˶ò˶٣˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôŪңҪ㲻ֵĻԸٻӱһ𡣡
ҲԼԭҪҪʲôˣ飬ǲҪˡ
Ǻǡ
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ģΪֹ˽ҪĻ㻹ΪԼվطҷַӿŪ㼸ʮΣģֻҰģ
ϦĻЩԶԣҲ˼ҵʵǿҲǿǵλǱߡ
ѡ֮оͿԿ˼ϦҪֽţĲҪô鷳ôĵطֻҪԷżطܹ
ðɣҪô˵ңҶ԰쵽Ļȥ졣
ϦʵҲ֪ԷʲôʱҶ໥
Ҳ֪ҪطԻȥĻҸǸŮһģһӾûϴùôʵ壬ȥҧô꣬Ȼûиһӣ˵˵ʲôð
ϦĵķŭЩ£Ҫ֪ǸŮ˵Ǻйϵ
ҪϦطȥ˵ĻʱֻǸŮ˽ɵзݣǲԳֵġ
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Ϧֱв⻰ЩۣļһǺ
ҲòϣϦҲûʲôӼ߰ߵ飬ԷֻһЩƷ⣬飬ǶС顣
Ϧ˵Ҫ˵ҲĸװɣΪʲôҽʲôİ
Щ׵ʵʱϦȴЦһСɫ˼֪ʲôջǳġ
ðɡ
Ǳֻȴף
˼ҪǳϦǲй飬ֻǲ֪ΪʲôôĲˬ
Ǹһܿͻ֣ڽ죬ҪǵʱıɵҲûʲô˵ҪûбɵԻŻȥȥǶһʹ
ϦԸʮֵ޷գˣкܴ˸ԼҲȥΪʲôҪѡô˵·أ
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˾ͶڵϣǶֻ֪İˣڴֵ飬˭֪ʲôģ
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˵ʲô˵ڶھڹ־ʤķ䡣
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־ʤ֪϶飬Ҫߵģų˵ߣһЩҲ֪⣬Ǳ˸ˣһŲߡ
Ҳ֪ΪЩ׬Ǯ⣬ΪһЩ뷨޴̸
Ǻǣķ羰ǲ֪طʲôر𣿡
ڶ⻰Щر𣬷־ʤǲ֪ʲôŶԷʵʲôֱ˵ӦѾֺˣֻ֮ǰǿһ¸ĸܣҪһطʲô飬ԺҲûʲôطˣǱ߶ᱻ
ڶ֪ԷΪʲô˵ȴЦ˵ΪʲôҪż㲻Ҳ֪ЩעҪ֣Ҳ˵ʲôҶط֣ҪҽʤһὫסֻҪû֤ݣҶǽɲ֪
ڶ˼ʮԣǾǽƵһΧ֮ڡ
ֻҪҶĬ飬Ժ鶼ð졣
־ʤǲ飬ųпܲ飿
Ҫǲƽֻᱻ˸ᣬΪôǣ˼ҿ׵ĺܡ
һЩҪ֤ʲôģ˼ҸͲҪĶֻҪԼΪǲʲôģǶԷͻֱӱ
ڶһֱڼıӻ³ɳԲ֪Ҳĺܡ
־ʤŶԷ˵ͷɣһǮʲôģЩǰǲһģҪΪʲôҪ͹ٻӱʹǼĺûаҪûЩķҪ˼ֻһ𡣡
־ʤĻģʵȴûʲôԸ⻰ġ
ڶǲ飬Ժ涼ѾֻһͷǾҪǳɹˣ˵Բɫա
ٻӱȦ棬Ҳǳġ
׼Ūˣ
־ʤҲ֪ûа취סԷˣڶʵ
ҪǴˣǿԻţһЩʲôҪǸνǸϦʲôģҲ֪˾Ȼ֪νȥ鲻ǸҴ鷳
ڶȻǼǺסˣֻҲЩΣҪٻӱǵȰ棬鶼ģ
ðɡ
־ʤҲ֪ô˵Щֻ֮УŻ֪жôļѡ
ЩǣҪԸ⵱ʲôֱ֪һʲô֪Ҳá
ĻһЩڿʣڹ־ʤ飬ôѡԼ֪
ҪڸǱȥ绰Ҳֹ飬˭֪ǷôΣգǷĴ󣬵ʱҪд鷳ʲôڹǸû˻л
־ʤԺʮ飬ҲڶĿģʱ仹ܳҪ绰Ļʲô鶼ûС
ʱ־ʤͻᱻֱѵһ٣ջ˶ųλá
ǵʱųλõˣҲڶ
һطҶѡ˵쵼ߵģӹɵġ
־ʤҲѾ뵽ڶգҪڲ˵϶ҪΪڶ飬Բȥ
ҪȻʱ˼һʣΪʲôֹ飬֪ǶһʧֻҪڶһ¶
úѡʵϣҲֻˣֻҪǸŮ׽һѣҲ֪ЩʱǺεģֻٻӱôôԸңֻܹˡ
ڶһ޹ģ־ʤһֻڱͷ̲ס汬֣˵ֻҪûϹ۵Ƕῴ㣬ĻɫҪٻӱģⲻӽˮ
־ʤĿǰٸнĤݣΪʲôڳʱ쵼ҪΪʱ򣬲ҪܣЩʱôۣȫԼҪ飬ҪȻˣһжûУڻŵʱá


285 ھ
ʵϣ־ʤҲǱı̫ĵطȴûжô
˼Ҫ˵ͬҵıҲֻܹˡ
ҪǿԻȥ־ʤһӶЩȨ򽻵֪һγûʲô顣
ҪЩд󱳾ˣ˼ҶϡЩط
ǰɣˡ
ڶŹ־ʤ˵ϣԷֱ˵飬ԷҲûʲô֤֮ģֻҪԴﵽĿǾͿԡ
鶼Ǻܼ򵥣Ƿһ֮ȴʮֵĸӣڵһ
־ʤ֪ڻûлصģ̱ϣ˵鶼ЩãҲ֪Լô졣
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ģ⵽ʲôôϳ˲ǶҪУģȥƵǱס
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ֻɽڳǾƵǺܽ룬ȴǺüҪڻĻֻڶѾˡ
YatishaƵ꣬ǵľƵ꣬ͳ׷Ůһסһ䷿ûǮΪ棬ǺҪһӦҪȻһ˱˸Ӷ֪ʲô
նڸô죿˵ʮֵ˵ѾʼԼһС
Լ֮ǰЩɼƺڼĹ⻷֮ҫġ
ҪȻΪʲôԼطȥһطᱻ˸ܾأ
ڵնҲûа취Ȼǻֻһˣľƣÿһ˶ƾֵġ
ҪװǣҲҪ㹻ʱϢͨ
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ЩˣԸ޳ȥġ
Щ˿˵޼ɵף飬û˻⡣
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Ҳ飬ֻǵ˵ŮʿϢ
ӦһȴûߣûжԷ£ʮֻҪ˯ƴҪ˯

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±׷ϣһֱںӾʮֵĴЩʳȻĵĿ죬ֱǣûеõԵĶ


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ҹĴǰ߳ȥǺҪԼֱߵĻԼ˵ģһӾͻᱻ˸֣ʱֻ»޴ĺ䶯鲻Ҫġ
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̻ʵĳڵ໥һǶǻɣһǷ
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ͷ˭ûᡣ
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ʱȴǴܼǹ

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Ҫ֪ʱ򻹲ԶǴһʲôʣҲûа취Զˡ
ģǿϧʵȴЩпᡣ
໾ӳԴʲôˣطʲôûУǸʲôҪǾƵɣ
ʱһ˿˵ǻóǺţû뵽ʲôͻʲô
飬ǲҪ
ѸٵĳŶԵĲʱһ߿ŵķԱ˵ЩǷԴİ
ЩԱʱﻹ˼ͳ˵ʲôһڿ棬ʱҪһʲôǶ׼·
ֱһЩЩԵĸһ룬һʲôսҵĻ˭֪ط᲻ᱻס
ҪһסˣֻܹطԵģԵĶûУǾԼ
СʱǸô찡
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ĽŲͣһӣðһ仰ҪǣǾԼЩԵĸŪҪȻʱ˭֪ᷢʲôǸһ㶼״̣һսǲݵġ
УҪǻĻǽطһ¥ûдǰ¶ԣҪ˷ǮЩʱһҡ
й֣ŻѵĻΪȥʱ˵飬жϵģԼҲôûôЧ
ֻǣһЧǶãҲ֪ӳ磬бڵôܹ顣
ЩȴһӾͷӦһְ˽ŵĽЩԵĶռ
ǿųıӰ˵Ǹһǻˣ
ӦǵģЩΪһЩҵ飬涼ǾܵıԼҪ˵Լǻ˵ĻǶǡ
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Ҳǳݵ˵Եʡ
飬ȴ̾Ϣһ˵Ϊʲôأ
˭֪նȴæ˵ȻȥסĵطڳȥûпܵˣҲ֪һҪЩɫĻǺ׾ͻᱻǸġ
ֻڵײ˲Ż֪һЩһԶĻҪڰ
ҪһЩһʧʲôģǵʱֻ¾ϴûа취ơ
飬ʷѾǵһУֻÿһЩ鶼Щ̾Ϣ
á
ҲʱǶôأԼıڸʰֿ֮˵ողǸ˵ȥֱһµķ
ʲô
С㣬ⲻ˷Ǯ𣿡
ǸС֪ʲô
ڶôͬǽնȴǿ˵ȥɣҪЧûʲô⣬ҪûЧϵǮҲǵˡ
Ŷ
ڳ˲ŷӦҲʲôһٵˣҪôʿǿ϶ûʲôýֵˡ
ȴͻȻ˵˳æҸڷ˭
á
طܹ͸¶˭ЩǲǽǮʹĥ
ֻǣȥѯʵʱǵطȴǸǣǸطûס
֪ʱȴЩɻ
նŰʵ㷢ʲô𣿡


287 Ӵ
Ƿ棬ǵ鶼Щš
ղǸȥһطôûģ
ͻȻ뵽Ѿ˽һ¥Ҳ֪ʲôá
ȴͻȻоƺЩر𣬺һˡ
֪
նͳֲϤ˼а취֪ʲô
Һ͸ڵһ£Щ˸ңûˣ˵ʲô
˿ɲΪǸطйʲôķǿ϶ǱȥǸǱȥˣ϶ʮֵĺá

նȴмֿ־˵û˵ɣ
ҿǧȷĿ϶Ǹ˴ڣһͶԷԷ׹ˣֻôʱ䣬ҶûпˣҸղһȥʣطֻǼ׹ˣҲ˵һð׹ˡ
˺ֱӵķĻýնüͷ壬ȻỳԼѵĲ²ʲôģֻ˵Ļǵʲôأ
Ҫˣҹȥ˯
ͻȻ˵ֻ⻰ȴýնŵˡ
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նôûа취뵽˾Ȼ룬Ҫ֪ǸطҪ˵ĻǶԷӦûûߣˣҲܻ㵽ʱȥǱߣǲԼ鷳Ҫò³˹Ǹطػô
ǸطбסģǾΪ˵Ҫô鷳Բûȥ
ڶѾǿ϶Ҫȥˡ
ҪǸбµˣҲ룬ûг֣ΪʲôҪ֣ҲûʲôôΪҪΪ³˹ǿԱǣҸڴǸֱôص˳֡
˵̬ʮֵĺãֻ̫ðգ˭֪ʲôҪǸʲôɫжĻ뻢ڡ
նȰ˵ʲôģȥӲǲ֪ԼôȰ˵ʲô˺ܳʱſ˵Ȼȥ
á
˻ǸоԼһ˹ȥĻŲôء
ðɡ
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㲻ù˽ʱ̨һװͦˣϳ˭ͣôû뵽Ȼˡ
ղųǴ׹ΪԼһ׹˽̸Ҳǻ
֪һˡ
һԴŵ˵׹ˣ
һԴ׹ֿԴŵĻˣȴЩϡ档
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Ĳ³˹ҲĴڣǶ֪Լǵ͹ı£˼ҹαװİɣ
˭û뵽һǸӵˣȻôأʲô˲еı£

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֪ҿ֪Ĺң
ΪʲôˣҪһĻûʲôҪһˣǾкܴ
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ʲô֣Ҽֿ߰ʮԵıĻҪ಻֪٣Ҫúøһǡ
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ȴ̲סЦ𣿲ȴ֪ˣûı°ôģ
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ҪĴȥ飬Ժ󵺹˶ΪľǱڶŪġ
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ڶģֻҪ˸ͷ鶼С顣
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˲ôɵˣɲԼͳŽӴΣ˼Ҿͻôܵ飬ų˵ǲƭʲôģҿɲĻҲʲôˣԸһңҲ㡣
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һתˬĽгˣ鶼Щ졣
ʮִǻһģһҪǲ֪˻Ϊ˵
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ȴǸоʮֵĲԾԼԼ˰ɣ
뵽ʲô
ԼͰûпٶȼˣֻ¶Ҫ붼пܵˡ
ǲҪߣԼķ䣬Щ˾Ͳǵ鷳ˣҲʲô˶ǵġ
Ҫð뿪ˣȴǿų˵Ըңô𣿸ղǶûҵĺۼҲǿİɣ
һܴŮˣųѯʵҪնһ㶫


288 Ƿ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ˵ֿ֪ôҲû˼˵ʱңǷһ飬Ժлᣬٻ㡣
Ҳ¶Է֪ûǮûκεĻ֮ģҪʲô飬ǵʱҪԷһ£Ŵ߶ԷһЩ顣
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ղųһʱͿʼҪǻһʮֽмƻˣӽˮ
ڵôΣգҪǽһЩΰ飬ǳʱûһΣգӾʹˡ
ֻҪǴ˶ôƵ顣
ǺǣȻԣŴǿһһš
ɲʲôظˣҪˣĲܹĺ֪һ§һŴ˯˲ֹһ¡
ֻΪܹƹ˲һֱûзչʲô顣
ҪЩ飬ҲͲͬԺͻȻ뵽һЩ߰顣
ǲǸŮ˻ᱳ
ֻЩʱ򣬳Ҳ̫ΣԺлȥǱ֤ʵһ飬Ҫ飬ֱֻܹܹЩֵܰ
Ҳû뵽˵Ļų˵ǻ˲Ƿӣ
̲סЦҲ룬ʲôҺһ˯Ҳû⣡
㵹룬飬Ҫδ˲ſģҪԳΪҵˣҲֻǸ𣿡
Ȼ³ȴҲԲеĵز֮лкܶرʾԵĻֻǲ֪ʲô˼
ԼĴϣ˵֪ʲô׼Ҫ֪ôһŮҿкܴ˼
׼Ȼ㹻ǿʵǡ˺ƵĿų˲ô⽡顣
Ҳһͻµġ
ȻˣҪ˭ÿһ첻ҪΪЩıұģȻҲԽ
˷ܵЦǲ֪ǲǺ
ֱӽԼϰ·ҿһЩ˿鸹ڰ˵ǰ
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׳˶ļð̲סһڿˮû뵽ôķ

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ڶЩĵ˵ֻǽնȴǿ˵ǵʲôҪķĻڶʱ䣬Ѿ飬ǶûǾ֤ûʲô顣
ΪҪǣô϶ʧܣҪ֪Ҳпܻʧܵģһε飬ʹвƷİǶûа취ط
նǲϲЩһӰˣֻЩȴûа취Щ˼˼ҵģҲûа취᲻ǣ
ֻȴֻܹЩˣܹǵǰ˵ˡ
ǡ
֪ˡ

ڳ˵ȴѾ˵ǸͲ顣
ֻǷȴͻȻ˸򿪣˿˵Ƕطʲôһȥ

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Ҳ֪նڵʲôŶԷ˵ɣʵϣһˡ
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˵ĴкЩ졣
ȻҲΪ˶ʮֵİҲֻܹк
ЩҪ㣬֪𣿡նֱӵֱˣûôͳĥʲôҶʲôˣˣĻ£ЩʵģҪʳ
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Ȼ˶֪ȴǷֲô㣬⻹Ϊһ׹Ǳߵļġ
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ΪǶоԼڶһƬطʧȥƣ飬ǶԸ⡣
ȻˣҲΪĹҪǻһˣ˲ʮףôСôһ
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ҲǣҪȻĻôܻûкۼأ
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ɱɵǾͿԻüĽʱǿ뿪طֱӽ׹Ǳ߲ǵá
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ڲѳΪɣ˶֪ʲôʱ˸ģǰһ鶼Щġ
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ڸô죿ٻӱ֪϶ڶеˣҪ֪׹˰ĻǸͲẰô˼ҲֹǺƴⲻϷ˭
ԸҪûǸŪǿʲôҪûа취ĻǵʱطľƵǱߣû˸Ǹطġ
ѾϦˣˣǲȥˣԼûа취˹ﻹ˼˰
⻰ٻӱ˵ͷҲֻ֪İ취
ٻӱΪʲô⣬˭֪Էֱô
Ҫʵſ԰쵽£Ҫ֪ɲǮͿ԰ɵ¡
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ĴȽ϶࣬ǱȴҲвٵľˣ˵ȫս֮УǸҳڽֵϵˣǶ·һ
û֪˭˭ˣľֻһͷǾɱ
ֻҪɱ㹻࣬ǿԵõĶͻࡣ


289 Ԯ
һֱһ仰ǾΪ̫ƽȮΪˡ
ⲻ˵ЩûйʲôģΪǶʱôѣа취԰ȥĻû˻
һʲôΣյĻֻᱻ˸ֱŪҲпܵ顣
ҪǲŵĻǵǿĹҾ֪Щһ˵Ǹûа취
涼һͿЩֻΪԼ棬Ĵս
˿̣ϦȴǵţǶֻ֪ܹԼ
Ǹô죿ϦŹ־ʤʵ֪Է֪һЩ飬ҪȻǷһжҲʰôá
ڻʲô취һֻܹӳȥ£ҪһȺһĻĿʮִҪǷɢȥĻһߣ˭ǾǵãʱҪǻֱȥǸľƵ꣬ҪȥǸطĻǾʱȫ
־ʤϦЩԺϸĻҲõķ֮һ
˭˭ϦŹ־ʤʵЩǣҪǵʱһ˱ٻӱĻǸûа취飬Ҫ֪Ȼÿһ˶ԼıڣʮѡγˣǻҪõġ
һȥٻӱҲ˵ҲףԼбڣЩҲô
⻰˵ĺֱӣ־ʤҲ¸ϦһЩˣΪǿһҪǿԵĻٻӱǱչ˶һ㡣
ãˣأһųֻǿϧٻӱԼ
Ϧ֪Ҷ֪飬ֻû뵽ǸһﾹȻô񣬲ڶƽʱоֹ黹ǿġ
ϦҲ֪־ʤһѹ˶ûа취ףһǳ׽ڼҸĵˡ
Щ¾ͲҪ˵ˣҪбµĻ¾ûпܷء
־ʤ֪Լǰȫֻǲ֪ϦٻӱǷбߡ
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Ϧĸ־ʤ֪һߣֻ˶һлԼ档
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ո߳̽磬ϦǴ߳ȥ
ʲôϦʵЩһпܴ
ЩһȫǳٻӱģŮԼֻҪǣ˱ߣǷɢߣѾźˣǷлߵˣǾǿԼΡ
Ϧмּ˵ҪǵʱˣҶãҪƴˡ
˿̣ٻӱڷ澲ֻĶͷЩ麹ҲѾ֪ܻǳġ
Щʲôľֱߡ
ٻӱ֮ǰǺܶģǾ໵֮Ѿ֪ЩܹҪֻһС
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ҪȥĵطһҾƵꡣ
ϦҲûʱ˵ôֱ࣬Ӵٻӱ뿪ڵ£ԼЩ˿϶鷳Ҫǵʱ˸סĻҪ߶߲ˡ
Ҫ֪˼໴սʱǿ϶ʲôģʱһʺͿˡ
Ǻǣ׼ȥﰡڶıȴͻȻſڣǶĵЦǶЩУʱԷ˼Ȼʮֵˣű˶סˡ
ԼһߣÿҪȻҲұ֤ʲô顣ϦǾˣһֻЩʱһĶѣʱǶѾôżʲô˼飿
ǶѾˣЩߵ·ǶֱӳǱȥ

ڶȴǴ󲽵ĳǰһЦһ߰ɣ˶󡣡
Щ˶ǺйϵģҲ³ʲô顣
˵ֱӴ򡣲Ҫھǿ㣬ҪȻڼҴӴ˱𡣡
ʱٻӱҲûа취ˣѾ֪һ飬Ҫǻʲô֪Ļӽˮ
ڶЦģٻӱĻһݵĿ˵ڵģҡ
ٻӱҲû˼ôֱ࣬һ߹ȥڶֱӵһʺ
˵ŲŪȫңȻ鷳
ڶмŭȴǲһ߹ȥ
Ϧȴæ˵ߡ
˵һ·񱼣ֻǺȴǺ׷ˡ
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ȡϦȴ֪Ļֱʮ
Щ˵ĿʮǿһжΪ˲ɱˡ
˵ʲôлĵľӹط
ڷʮɵģͻȻᵽһ飬һӾ뵽Щˡ
ǰЩŭ˵ұǸŮƯЩ˵ȴֻǰŷ䣬ǰŷ䣬Щܲˡ
ֻʮС飬ǳȴһվ˵طţȳȥһ£Ǹ䷿ңպضк񱨡
ǿ϶˵Ѿ²Щ˾ٻӱǡ
໵˾Ϊٻӱģ飬Ҫһ˻᲻ʲôȴǱҪٻӱȳҪȥĻƶꡣ

á
Ů˲ͬķӦȴǽԿ׸˳û뵽ȻЩйϵ
飬ѾԹҲ˵ʲôֱԿ׾ߡ
ʲôЩʵȴЩʲôģԼ֪Լʲô
֪նȴҲ֪Լô˵
ҪЩйϵĻ˵һǷԺЩһİЩ쿪˵նȻҲ֪СĿܣ˭ΪһЩ飬Լľ޴ȡǰο˵пܡ
˻Щ˼ģֻҲ֪ԼЩǷԵõĻᡣ
ԼЩ˿ʲô֮֮ģôҲöԷԼһЩôɣ
ֻ뵽飬ĶЩŤġ
˶֪ԼʲôʱҪʩͼ档
ȻûʲôһֱΪԼһŮˡ
˿̣ϦѾܵ˽ֵ֮Уֻһ·ϣɱ
ҪϦʵ㹻ǿֻ鷳ӵĴ󣬼ʹϦǶˡ
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Ƕһ¥棬ǲЩʿ
ҪǶԷҪץס˵ĻǹһѾˡ
ٻӱҪˣԼǹɱɣҪԼҺǿ϶޴衣
ϦҲ֪Լô죬ǵӵľˣֻһذ׿á
˼һӾǺü˽ʲôô
ٻӱż˵ģڱɱ֮ǰҿɱҲʲôŮӣ֮ǰһǿԴһЩ˵ġ
ٻӱ֮ǰΪܵϦĴ̼ȥѧϰЩ
˶ĬҲ֪ɱˣûʲô塣


290 
Ҫ֪֪ղҾŪڶ̾Ϣһ˵ЩûɱˣҪɱҲһ顣
Ҫ˵ķϻˣЩһﻹӾͻᴳҪľǸɵһЩһ֮УҲ֪ģǻһȽխĵطʱҲԷӳǵʵ
ϦȴǲҲԼļ֣ԸʹҪǶҪҡ
֪ôģٻӱȴЩˣҪԼôԵĻ鶼ߵһ
ԼĴ
ȥɡ
ǶоԼҪǶЩ¥֮УҲԷˡ
棬һӶӣסҪŪǸŮˡ

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һȺʿԵ׷ǡ
Ҫ֪һʼǽٻӱץס飬ǶǸġ
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ʿӦǶ뵽ǷĽĸǼ֡
ڵģٻӱԲмһȥطʲô
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ʱҪʤĻֱƵʧϣ鶼Ǽ򵥡
ߣôĲˣʱһɣǾ˵ЩǱ˸ץߣҪʲôģǸ׵ĺܡ
ɨΧһۣѸٳԶǱȥ
ǻˣǷɫطкܴҪǱЩʿ֣ǷǵˣǶֱġ
ǿͳսĿգ룬ҪԼĵ̣ЩһĲܹ
顭
ܼǹ
ߵһЩʿĺ棬ҲʲôֱһŪһʿˣٶʮֿ죬һӾ͸ɵʮˡ
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⻰һ˵ڳ˶ɫ࣬ڶҲᵱصһЩԣ߻һ룬ֱӽЩ
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ÿһ˶ŭڶڼ̤ǵҫ
Ȼƽʱɢⲻʲô⣬ǶԼһЩȴǱ˸̤飬ôûа취ܡ


292 Ԯ
ҲĵйϵҪ֪ڵԺ棬ҲǳС
ڶģǳģô˶ûа취Ҫôĳ裬Ǿжôĳ衣
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³˹Ҳûа취Ҫѯһ˸ȥǾԼ飬ԲвŻȥġ

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ҲЩأ֪ǷԵȵǵĳأ
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ֻҪԴɣ˭鰡

ϦĽ壬¶ԷҴˡ


293 ֪
ŶվϦ˵֪ˣԻȥһСʱ֮ڸ㣬Ҫҵ˳ĻͬҪǩãҲ֪ǻ˶ҪĲߣֻҪ飬ǾͿʱԼ
˿Ϧ˵żأϾôף
á
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Ϊ˾һˣһʮڣϦңˣҷˣҪ֪ЩǮ׬ģǸŮʲô·㶼ûֱңԵ𣿡
Ǳȴֱ飬ϦҲ⣬Ҫ˭ôѪóһĮصˣ˭ôΰ󰡣
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Լ֪Լʲôܵ˵ȴǸĳأǲڵʲô
ֻʱû˿Ը߳ǵʲô
ˣɣ
ʱȴһ׷߳֡
ŬϣſԷһˡ
ûдǰˡ
ǣ
ǱȽϾĿŶԷѯʵ
ϣ˹Ҳ֪
Ǹ˿ųǺͰ˵Ǹо˳ĵĽ䱸ָָԼߵ˵ģǶûʲôвУͬˣҪǻƵĻֻ»Ѫ

֪Էô֪ЩвעȴһӱȥˣŶԷʵʲôѪ
һֵزеĲǸȾˣǻֲָ״һºƺãҪ˵ĻǺ׾ͻȥ
⻰˵ĺֱӣȴǸоЩҪٻӱȾⲡֻһӾͻȥ
ǱȽصĿŶԷʵллλ˼ң֪԰ҵͬҸһ𣿡
ʱҲֻܹҽҪһ˵Ļǵа취ǻһٻӱˡ

ϣ˹ߵŮֹ˼䣬Щʲô˼ܿԷ͹ˡ
һӣջǽٻӱŮˡ
ǻȥɣһӱΪ֮ӣûڵġ
ϣ˹ųк飬ǲҪǵģٻӱ˼ҵϣʲôأ
ϣ˹òƲǵ˰ɣ
ʵͲطֱˣ
ʮǰ߽սʱµˡϣ˹̾ϢһѾҪǹȥһС

Щ㵵ʵʮǰսΪʲôȥأ
ڳԷӦòӱһһֻ֪Ҳʲô򵥵Ĵڡ
Ȼ֪Щʲôһȴǿ˵νֻ֪֪ʮֵ
ΪʲôҪȥԷųʵ⻰óһʱЩͻȻ뵽ԼҲ˵ػġ
ļأͻȻʵ֮ԲȥΪǱ߶ѾûǣǰҲһ
ҵĸĸѾˣҵĺӣѾүү˰ɣ
Щ㶣ԼĶкܴͬǶԷΪʲô


294 ܴľ
ɻϣ˹ȴǸ޳İ׺˵ôɻ𣿡
Щ·ϣ˫Ҳ໥˽Ḷ́ڳǸͲ֪Էʲô
ףһƬɱ¾ʱҵķ·ָңطҪ˰ˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôΪǾ飬Ϊ㲻֪Ǵڣǲڣȴûа취Ĵڡ
Ҳһ㣬ʲô˵ֻĬĬţȻΪһڣҪԼĴڸеģ֮أ
һȥҪ̵һЩȴûһԸҵģ˵ˣ֮ǰѧѧѧŵĽڡ
ʲôΪεװƣ
ھ͸оˣ˼ֻ赭д˵˵ĻȴǶôţƺ壿
ǰһ϶һţʹţҲһţˡ
Ȼ֪ԷǺжߣǸ˵ǿ϶ʲô򵥵Ľڡ
ط
Ȥʵڵ鶼ʮֶء
طʱڱһЩǹҳ־ǣǸ֪֪ҵ֮λôң֮ˡ
ͻȻоЩԾԷΪʲôҪôࣿ
ʱҲܹô࣬˼ҸҪȥô࣬ǲʲô˼أ
Ŷ˵ط󣬲Щ˵⣬˼롣
ǿ϶ʲôطǶ˼ȷı䣬Żνı䡣
껪ĿǾһŸıطȻûлǱôأҪռʲôҪʮĹ
ʲô飬ǶһһϦɵġ
֪ϣ˹Щ飬ȴͻȻðһ䣺ֻҸ֪һ˵˼ҪȥҪ㹻ǿʵҪûǿʵ˭ûвĻ
ǹӳȨ˼
֪ǰһʲôˣǸоЩͷ˰ɣ
ŶѾһ׼
ǸоԼЩ飬ҪȻԼʱô֪
׼ûСϣ˹һֹЦݣֻѾˡ
⻰Ҫǲ֪Ļǻ֪ʲôǳȴһӷӦָԼʵ˼ң
ϣ˹Ҳû뵽Իôߣżڴ˵˿ѾаǧˣЩʳʲô㹻ǵҲ㹻ǿֻȱһɱ˵ļܣҪûпĻΪóľһżɣ
֪ڷǼ鼴Ȼûѵ͡
ҿطͣһ£һ㹻̵ǵˣҪǵ㹻ǿھͲѧһЩľԼԵˡ
Ҳ½һЩ˵ףϣ˹һ˵ֻҪһʵս֮лͿߣô
⿴Ǻе˵Ҫϣ˹ԼǹȥԴĻҲʲôֵ顣
֪
ͻȻʵʲô֪һ㡣
ǡϣ˹Ҫʲô漴ų˵Щ飬ҪûʲôֻҪԽ磬Խǰ㲻о𣿡
ϣ˹ط̫ĲƸЩ׹ˡˡлˣһڿط
׼ȷ˵½һʯСǱ˲֪Щжô󣬵ϣ˹ģһֱûֹͣ汣ϵȻ֪Щļֵ
ôһõطϣȥΪңԲŻΨǲſԻøӴ档
Ҫ֪ÿһİʶ֮ʿ˶Ϊһʱ棬׾ͽԼЩ
ôԴ˵ϣϣ˹Щô
֪Էһıңһΰˡ
ȴǺ˵Щ鲻ǿģҸΪֻҪԼĵ̲ͺ𣿿ҲûִʲôֵأҲǱǸ׷ɱڡ
Ҫ֪طľжôĴ
Ļϣ˹ǰ˵Ѿ׼ҪľΪѵˣһúƺãôƯһŮӰɣ
Ҳô鷳Ҫ˵ǵĻҲҪһѵ飬Ȼֱ˵ֱӡ
ŶЩ㲻Ҫô࣬Ҳһж᲻ͬǵˣΪƣúչ˺Ҫû⣬ܿͻѹֻҿͷƣֻ»Щ顣
ϣ˹طô꣬ѾΪһҽһĴڣ鶼һһŴġ
õġ
Ȼȥ˵ʲôϣ˹é棬طõǵƣһ㵹ʱֻǲ֪ǵǴһطЩʲôأ
ڻǳʶĶطȴǻױ˸߸
ͷѾѪҪûʲôĻǶԷѹпܻʲô֢
ϣ˹ǱµĸоֻٻӱͷһӾ֪ʲô
֪ʲôֻʱȴҵ˵ûа취ʲôıûأ
飬Ϊа취𣿡
ϣ˹⻰óЩɵۣȴǺ˵޶ȵı飬һصȥ˵ǣ߿ȥһ绰𣿡
Ҫٻӱߣʱʲô飬Ҳô鷳
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ϣ˹ų˵Ҫô࣬ʱҲȴѾЩҪǵʱΪȫ磬ǵ֮ͻ֣ᷢͲֵһᡣ
ϣ˹ڿֻԷǻȴóЩУı䣬ĺ飿
鷳Ȱơ
Ҳ˵ô࣬ΨһҪľǱٻӱ
ֻҪٻӱѹͲţطûа취ߣ

ϣ˹ȻҲ²뷨˵ʲô뷨жôĴ
ϣ˹ıģһֲ֪ʲôֱӷٻӱͷǶ׳
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ÿһСʱһӣѾðգЩҩֱ󣬻оǣҪһЩˮ֣ЩҶ׼ãֻǵԼչ˺ͿԣʳҲ˸͵Ǳߡ
ϣ˹ȴǸһ£ܶʱЩ˶ǻһŻ˵
飬Ȼ֪ôֲʲô֪Сᣬʲôá


295 
Ϣɣطԣ𣿡
˶׹ģȴǲ׹ϣ˹Żʳ顣
ᡣҲȥʲôģ¶ŵģҲû飬Ҫ鶼Ļǲ

ϣ˹ֱӽطø˳ȥ׼Щҩ
һϣڳһЩ֮һֱչٻӱ
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ǾǼ׳ͻȻС档
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Ҳ֪ϣ˹ŵģԼģǲôֻ֪ܹһսҪʧˣʲô˶ġ
δ󺺣ȴûʲôη壬˶һ˿ܺߣȴûʲôá
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⻹ֻǿʼֱڵѪֹ
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ϣ˹ȴǺոһ㣬Էα飬̲סһҪ̽ԼǾֱ̽ʲôأ
ΪԼǳէҲû¶ݵֻ֣ǽЩ˵ĹͷһЩ
ûʲôղͻȻһΪˣֱˣ˼
˵˵ȴһ㲻˼鶼ûС
ڳ飬ϣ˹ȴûʲôӦЦ˵ûʲô飬Ұ˰ǵһʱǡ
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Ӧһ飬˫ʮĬĹȥˡ
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ȻǺܴģʲô鶼û
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طĴȴʮֵĺãΪطûҪȥʲô飬طһֱҪʲôǾʲôԣҪʲôҲкȵġ
ֻȴǲ뿪ٻӱߣڵҪô뿪Ļǵʱ򶼻֪ʲô顣
ϣ˹ĺƶѾûˣеֻǳҰġ
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һպһɹĻǵʱ̺һ鶼ѾҪô˵ˡ
ȴǲῴϣ˹ΪҶɹģطҲŻϺܶҵ档
Ȼ߾ͲͬΪȫ֧ЩҵĴڣǶϣطĻһ㣬ʱҲԵõ档
һֱǱȽעģܶʱǻģ׹ǱߣǳԵ⣬Ǿûȵˮ
һֱڶϣٻӱѹֻѹĵһȴóɵۡ

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֪
Ҳ֪Լǲһֱطŵġ
ϣ˹ҲȥЩֵǱˡ
ҽ𣿡ٻӱʵ֪ڵЩ鷳ʱҪúúͶԷ˵˵ҪȻ鶼֪ʲô
˵
ٻӱҲ֪˭ֻȻʧˣǻЩǱڱ֮С
ģҺǷ޹ϵ
Ҳ֪ϣ˹Ƿ֪ԷһҪ˵ҪȻϣ˹֪һЩ飬˭֪᲻ڵ춼طҵһһ
ЩǸ߿ƼǳʱеĻţԾֱЩıҵǸ·ڵסǶԷûа취͵ʲô
ȴûŪΪҪԼʲôûи㶨ĻǺ׾ͻᱻԷֵġ
ҵʱҼЩʱǺңԼûЩģҲû˻ʲô
ٻӱȴǲʵɷ򣿡
ǵġ
ǿ϶˵ֻǲ֪ôģоԼЩ飬ҪԺŮ˻ָ䣬Ҳ֪᲻Լ
оԼǺ˧ζˣҲЩ顣
ô֪İ
ٻӱųʵ࣬˫ֶԼؿڣǱӸƴţһ
Ȼˣףٻӱûаȫеı֡
ô˵أ㻹ǵ˭𣿡ٻӱʵоԷҪļ˭ĻǵǺ顣
ֻǳЩˣٻӱȴͻȻԼͷڴϷţͲ֪Լ˭
һĻĶмֽǣæ߹ٻӱ˵㲻Ҫˣ֮ǰ飬㣬ٻӱǵͿԣʲôҪҪ֪㿴
ٻӱ˵ղһʱЩţϣ˹˼ҶѾȥ˯ˣҪ˹ĻƺЩôá
Ҳ²⣬Էһ˯ˣпڻ͵˵
Էа취׻
ٻӱ
ٻӱͷ麹Ҫ֪ʱҲƣˣոջָһ㣬һЩ飬ֱӸˡ
ǿ϶ĵͷ˵ҵŮˣǿ϶ģҽˡ


296 ͷ
֪Լǳʲô磬Է˼룬ҪٻӱһӶûа취ָĻǵʱôأ
طҲǾ֮أҪǵʱٻӱصģŮ˶ʲôĻҲ鷳顣
ܿͽԺһЩƲԺˣڼûг֣ǾѾųԼ⣬ⲻϹ
ţٻӱҲ֪Ϊ˵ԭ򣬻Ϊģڱֵģ֮ǰЩʮԶ
Ҳ˵ʲôŶԷ˵Ϣɣʲô˵
áٻӱҲЩˣų˵Ҳһ𡣡
ЩɵۣԼʲôҲûйϵֱϴȥ˲ŵţֻٻӱǱӡ
Ը㱻ҲЩ䣬Ҫ
һʿһ㣬ֻҪŮ˲Ͳ
ʵϣʱٻӱΪϿӾͿԲ˰
Ҫǻȥ֮鷳
ڰȫһҪΪһʱĳ嶯Լ

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ʲôˣٻӱ飬Ϊһ룬Ǿͻͷۡ
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һ˵һСˣ㻹һүү֮ǰǵġ
Ҫֿ֪˵ǲ֪ٻˣҪ֪һӶûа취ﵽֿĸ߶ȣ˼һֻһСˣǲ֪Ǵʲôˡ
ǵģҲֻ֮ǰڶѾݵϽˡ
ּ֪ҵҲ࣬Ժ찡
ٻӱ飬Ǹֱ˽µ飬úͮΣ褵β
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һҲкܴĿĵģط£ãʱֻҪٻӱȥʲôʱָƨ°
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һ磬ǱѹģЩ˶Ǳ߶壬ֻŬ˲Żкܶʳԡ
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ҪԼ߲չֳһЩʵԷֻ»Щ鷳֤
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ȸϣ˹Ԥ룬ʱ̣Щ飬ǻ˵ȽϺá
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ߵǻǰƣ˶ע

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СʲôʸǰǲΪǿʿ˵
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Ҳ֪˭˵һ仰طӹ֮Уһڿųʲô֡


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Ҳ֪ʲô֣ҲҪ֪ǣֻһĿģǾҿ飬һҲ׵ģǿѡӺͲҵָҪǷӵĻҶãҪǲӵĻҿľ֪ʲôӡ
һһ˵ڳһҪ飬Щȴ˭׵ġ
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ûκεİֻܹԼҧɱȥ
໡
ܿͺһͷǶ̱ӣһȭֻһȭͽҰǸ͵ȥˡ
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ĺٻӱҲӦҪǲȥǱߣֻ»֮ء
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ԼҲԼ顣
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¸·˵ĻԽԽСΪƽײУֱóһ˸һ
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⻰˵¸·̲סҪԼʱһ飬˵ǻڹѾʬˡ
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ƽôһֱ׷ں飬ȥôࡣ
ȻҲΪطЩ⣬ǲὫԼ֮˸˵ġ
Ļ¸·ǺԼôҲҪҰҪʲôİôо¾һӡ


300 ƽ
㣬Щطô̫ƽǶҪˡ
ղǳʲôߵİҲ֪
һƬڣ¸·ҲܵģҪ֪·ǲſҵ˵ġ
ߣղһֱڳطߡ
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¸·ɲԼʲôģʱǺ׾ͱ˸㶨ġ
ûʲô˵ƽֻǿŶԷһԼ㶨Ҿ͸㶨˵˼
ʵϣƽҲΪ֪ԷԣŸġ
ҪȻղžŪ¸·
һԵˣҪôǾȣҪôЩˣǲһǶǸǴ˵ˡ
ˡ
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Ҫ֪ЩҪѧԽĻǸʱԽԽ١
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ٻӱʮֵĸӣų˵Ϲһӡ

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ΪҪǣﶼЩϦĸоﻹҪĶ
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ûôģͻȻ뵽ԼһˣٻӱҪԼûĵĻǶԷôأ
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ϢɣԼСһ㣬Ǹһʲô顣
ǻɣϣ˹ٻӱвҪĻʮֱԸ⿴
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ٻӱֱϴţҲڴߣ㷢˼ȴ˼δ·
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һܷ棬档
ղս֪ķͻ𣿡һڵСӿʵһ䣬ֽ֪һ֮ŸԼôһ֣Ϊоſġ
ҿǶѾóǹ֧һǱߣǺҪսֻ֣սǵͷˣ֪ŷս뿪ֻǰԷҲսˣҪǵʱĶս֣Ǹô죿
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ϣ˹ôγɵţѾǸоʲô鶼ûа취ģ
Ƕǻɣϣ˹ūϣ˹ˣԷһֱòֶͬūǡ


302 ˼ת
Щսû⣬ڣǴĵ̣ȴһӾͱ˸ˣЩ˸ǵĶࡣ
˵֮ǰЩ׹˸Ķ٣飬ôԽܵ˰
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ҿԸôսӴأҪ֪֮ǰս߶ѾٵˣЩȴǵˣЩһﶼżǡ
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Щԡ¶ȴǲеģϾطԵĶѾЩ⣬ôݳ޵ĶǻҪȽϴĳвŻС

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ٻӱʱȴǺܷŵĿȴЩԶԣʱһ䣺ϹǲˣǱʲôû𣿡

֪ô˵ˣȴڿ񺰵ģ˭˵û󰡣ֻҵǸǰҪ֪һһȥ֮ƺ֪֮ǱҸ˯ˣǻŪң
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⻰һЩʧ˵Щź


303 
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ҪǻһŮˣ϶ʳȥٻӱȴʲôûʣǺܰĹĵһСġ

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ҪôҲҪ֪ҪۣΨŸõıۡ
Ҫ뿪ҲطˣЩȨûʲôô
Ҫ߶ԷһϢǾǴҶúúϵĺҪô顣
ֻϢȴǲôţΪ֪ЩȨζҪȻҲᷴϣ˹
ǷŶãҵڴˣֻΪһЩŵߣҪϣ˹סңڶѾȥˡ
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ǿϣ˹ǱҪҪǲһӶûзĻᡣ
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ڳûʲôӰ죬а취ϣ˹ߣֻǲܹôԣ˶һֻǻûеЦֽ˵ˣҺҪ뿪ҪҪĻһų飬ҽطΪƽءҪҵĻҲѾҵʵ
Ȼ̵ô࣬ôҲܹ𱨡
ǻ˶˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ȻҲˡ
սˣҲڵţôܻأ
һظ֤ǳȴЦЦЩûеһ̣˭֪ʲôģ
ȻѾ˵ĲˣǶֱ߳ȥ߳ʱڼȴʾԷͣ

Ҳʲô˼
ȻϷ㣬ͣ
ʱǸȴѸٶǽԼ·ŪңһģŮ߳Ǹոʲô顣
Сӵ岻ð
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ϣ˹˵һ쳣ٶҪֻǴ˿ȴһ顣
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ոճȥʱŮڻҪû⣬ǺͿ뿪ֻǲ֪Ƿ⡣
Ҳ˵ʲô飬еٻӱҲûʲô飬Ҫ鶼˵ǲ
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ҪˣϢá
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ڴ˶û˯ţ飬ҪɹãҪǲɹĻֻûа취ϡ
ٻӱǸӵĸӣڵԼȥ֮Ǹôأ
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Ҫģֻһֱûʱ䣬ҲоǱ߲ȫһǸ˱Ͼǵǿ顣
Щܣϣ˹ȴʲôûһ㣬ųЦȻǵʱһȥ

ЦǺǵٻӱ֣һעǶǰ档
װ㾫һȴ˭ûа취⣬Ǿǵȫ⵱صಿˣŴžߵǿͬ
ֵǣգǽҪȥѶ䣬ҪǽһսʤĻǿ϶ΪطĲ֮һ飬ǶѾҸɣ
ǴغսǰԱطʿĻҪ
ÿһһʼҪô˵Щ˶ѾԱ
һԷĶԱó̲ס뵽ҪǽЩһǱԱɢأֻ綼Ҫ𾪡
ǳ쿪ʲôģЩһǱ
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Ҫһ㣬طˣҪûʲôǿǶǳ顣
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ΪǶӵĻֻкǿſԻ
ﾺطݵ쾡¡
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ȴͻȻ쳣غںԱߵϣ˹üͷһȴû˵ʲô
ڳÿһζʤʱ˿ųΪ
Ҫϣ˹Ϊֻ»о޴Ӱ졣


305 ʷĳ
ģҲҪ˵սģȴǲòΪ˴ҵ滷ȷѪĵ·Ҳ֪ǿԼֶʱ䣬ȴ룬ֻҪǿȥǾͲҪͣ
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ϣ˹ȴųڳϣר˵սսһξͿˣֻҪǻʤһƬطǵġ
ģҽӸ֤ʤʱ̣ҵҫǵҫһš
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á
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ÿһЩҵĴˣطǣ֪ٹҵ棬Ҫı˸һͳĻԺ͵òϣҲΪ£Żһôʵһ
Ҫˣûа취Ψƴ
˸źĹâֻҪԼڶʱڽ˸ɵǺ鶼С¡


307 
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Ѹƿغóǳһϣķȥ
á
ʱϣ˹һ
ֻǻûеȥ֧ԮͻȻоԼĸ첲˸һ£ЩȻĿߵˡ

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˵Ǳ߳Ǹʮĵط
֪˶ѾĲ࣬ʣµľǼ֪ˣһ֮϶ҲҪЩ·
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ҲҪţ֪ѾҳΪµ֪иˣһֻҪǣû£ҪǸǵĻҲҪ޴Ĵۣ֪ѾźãҪõʮ֮ûа취ϵǣǾͻըҩǸΪƽء
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ڵĳֱײ棬ǳѡ񣬸ղҪ˾ǰ壬Ϊľǿٽӽӱߡ
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ƽΪȻ˵Ҫϴ߲ˣˣҲûжٸߡ
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Ͳǿǣ
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ûʲô˿Χеֻǣѡ


308 
áҲ뵽Լܹ̫󣬡ҪˣǸҡ

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ͻȻ뵽¸·ĺãҪ¸·ڵĻǸͲҪ档
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ֿɭ׵ݾǴһ㣬·Ҫˡ
ƽ˵⻰ûдںûʲô档ҵ˽Ǳ߸ըңǿԵõࡣ
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ƽû˼Щ飬ıҵų뿪

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¸·ôߣǱ׳˵
ûü˵ʲôƽȴһѽ¸·ͷˮ棬˵ҵ޵ģֻһ仰Ҫ㣬㵽ôģҪΪͲҪ̧ͷֱԼŪԼ
ƽĺˣʲô鶼
Ҫ˵˼ҪǲԸ⣬ǸɾŪˣǿƽȴǸоЩˬ
ڵģҪ¸·˵ΪĿԽ㶨ô鷳üζζЩܡ

¸·ƴĴˮ˼ԣҪš
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ҡ
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ʵûԸԼȥһطλýôࡣ

ƽȴЦ
˵Ц¸·ЩĪʲô˼
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һ˵ǺٻӱЩ죬ȻڳһЩֻ֪ȴ֪ôһһϴ˵Ļ


309 
һ⣬𣿡
¸·ȴʮֺĿųʵżϣ

о¸·ӦѾ˼ҪȻҲ˵
ΪʲôҪ֣
¸·ЩʵȻںǱкܴĵλôûпܶԺȡ֮ӵһȨС
ڳȻ𺣸ȻԶԳȡ֮Աƽڵͷⶼʲô
ڣԺڱǰһҵأ˽£ôԼ顣
֯һԼԲſ˵׼ȷ˵ʹպҵĵˣҲᱣӦеأϾǲս֪ûԸһֱ˵СܵģҲŻҲȨֻϣ¸ҵĵǰ˵ҪȨ
ǹ˼룬ȴ¸·˸һĪĹâųʵ˵ģҪԺҪŻ㶼׷ɱң
ҿеˣ
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ƽȴЦΪϴ˵гûе飬Ҫദʱ䳤ͻ֪ӲΪģʵΪǿȴǿŷķڷ
ƽڳʮָߣ¸·ûЩֻĿųڴ
Ȼ˵ˣȥǱߣ֪˵ǲģҪ㲻ʵİңҪҲûôҲףһĻˣǳĶʲôıҳҲá
Ц֪Լֵõһ˲š
һ仰Ҫбº͸𺣸λãҲûʲôǶֻ𺣸̵ôˡ
¸·мֵĲҪ֪طǿǱΪߵˣʹЩ֪ĴڣǶҪĽһ¸·
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á
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ЩɻʵڵٶȶѾ㹻죬Ҫٿ죿

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ĵĳһӾͽ֪Щˣžϣ˹һЩ֡
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310 ͱ
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зֳĸط໢ķԳһЩʲôģǡһİɣϴһݣеĳֵ̹֧ġϱ鵺Ǳߵֵ֧ģоһߣռݵġ
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ƽȴ̾Ϣһ˵ֵǵûжֻڳҲʼµʱϴȥ֪֮˭ҪƽЩһ
Ҳ֪Ҫȥֻ֪ȴЩƽ˶˵Ͳ룬ĿԲ룿
ֻڻȥһȴҪȴġ
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޿޶ĵһ˸ĻɣǴ̼ٻӱġ
ٻӱ֪Ӳʲô⣬飬˶׷ˡ

оߵġת޿޶Цˣþò뿪֮ǰҪȥǱټһ棬УҲȥ
֣ٻӱʱĻŭţɫǲ֪õʲô̶ȡ
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Щ㵣޿޶ҪʲôԸʲôʱô˵
޿޶õǻٻӱȻҲףϵЦݼֱûš
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֪޿޶ʲôǸоԼ֮ǰ˵ҪȻȥըɻԼԩ
á޿޶Ȼûм˵ʲô¸·˵ôϴ󽻴ҵ˼
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¸·Ļ˵ڳ˶Щ㶣ҪͣҪԻǣ
ֻ¸·תʲô
ģҪȻ¸·ᱬ֡
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Ȼǣ
޿޶ݣһʼѾע⵽ôһɫŮˡ
ǳδޣҲ¼ŵĶ³
ٻӱ§ųĸ첲˳˵һģ
ɫ΢䣬ٻӱȻǵЩ飬ǶԷȥЩ飬ĸо
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Ҳ֪޿޶ǹģĲ֪Щ˼ٻӱЩģԼܰԴףĻ
ǺǣǺãϣ㽫˵Ķ͸ˣôǿ׳Ҳûʲô
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ԡǿ϶˵ʹʮֲԸ⣬ҪٻӱӣϾ˼ҶͻȻα¶ûʧ飬ʲô
ҪǸ˯һϣʮ֪оΰ
޿޶ʵȻ붺˵Ƿ˼ǺǱߣҲҪһ£ҪȻĽƼ˭֪ʲô£
ҪǻôӦԣװڻװȥ


311 
ٻӱȴһӥС˵ˣ˿ɲȡԴģ㻹ǿҵˣз֮

޿޶֪Ů᲻ãͻȻų˵ڵôƯŮ㲻ҪȻѡôһŮˡ
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ٻӱȴվ˵ʲô˵۹⣬ȻѡˣҪڱ˸£㶼Ǽ޲ȥ
ϣ´ο㣬㻹Ц˵㣬ı£ҲҪסҲ˼ǶôˣԺеŮ˺ᣬңϲӡ
޿޶һ˵Ȼûа취ܵˣҲǺܲ顣
׼ˣ߰ɡ
ٻӱûпȴƺѾʲô
Ŷ
Ӧһ޿޶˵ϵĶһ˹ʲôʣ޿޶ŵġ
ҪǶԷҪֳʲô飬ǺͬʲôãΪطνķɲɣͬʱҪҪǶûʲô
ϣһλԿ㣬¸·һ˲ţ̣
޿޶ͻȻ˵ڳϧȴŮģΡ
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ֻղ˶ûҵ¸·׼߳ʱȴ߿ԷЩȶѡ
Ҳ֮ǰϴ󣬲һжѾȥˣһȥȥӭҵϣҲҪʧ
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˵漴޾յĵϻػĵķɻ
Ҳ֪ģǻһӾ͸һ¸·֤
ЩʱȨ飬Ѹ١
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ٻӱԼһŮˣûпһЩ
ȻöԷųٻӱѾãԼδ
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˭֪ȻôûڻǱۣ߱˯š
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ÿһϱŹ˯ʱɲôأҪǸҲ֪Ϊʲôô졣
Ҳ
ҪĸȥˣҵĽ¾ûУҵδһƬҰ
ӣҲܣҪҪԼϡ
оԼһΪԼܶˣҪԼİ飬ܹڶ档
ٻӱһ־ᶨˣҪ飬Ǿһ
տڲԣٻӱһֱڿš
ٻӱʲôϵôоʮֲԾģѵϲŮˣ
һʼҪ޿޶ʱ¸·ʲôڿһĻ̲סֹ
Ҫ֪޿޶ôƯŮˣҪǿ˵ǿζԣٻӱ׼Ů¸·ĶĶѣȻôܣô˵ȥ
ƽҲ֪ǵ飬ȴǺܿ϶˵㲻ףϴʮַˣͻȻڳеĺֶֻ֪ҪЩŮ֪Ҷ˭ʲôеı̬Ļַӻᱻɵ׼ȷ˵ЩŮҵըҩһ
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㲻һֶ飬ֻҪ˸¶ᱻ档һ㣬ֲǲ֪һЩһ㻹Ϊô֪Щ֪õĻһȥҪǲõĻֱӱɵ
ƽ˵йôһο̹ĵĸһ㣬ĻʵҪٻӱͳһ𣬽µа취סּҵĴѹ
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ƽЩɵۣΪ˻Ҫʲô˭֪Ȼô򵥵顣
ʵϣҪ飬ڻĺףֻҪ㹻ĽǮʲô鶼԰쵽
ֻǣ¸·ոյҪƾΪ¸·ôǮƺҲôܵ顣
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Ǳߵµı仯ʹǳҲûа취סֻܹٻӱ˵飬һҪȥϦ˼ǱҪлһ
ٻӱָֻԼؿڡ
˲䣬ɫЩѿɲǣԼһϣЩǸɶʱһʱЩ嶯ΪŮѾ˯Ų֪ڿԼԼˡ
ٻӱɫ֪ѾԼķȥˡ


312 
ĺԼһƣʱΪʲôҪּҪһֱǸ˾ӣҲ鷳
ʮְûڣϸԼҲʲô˾ӡ
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ʱΪ˼˯ûʲôо
ٻӱͻȻ飬֪һ˼Ҹû˯һжԼ֮С
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ʱ򣬳˵ʲôô˵ѾûнڣģǾ
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һһĴ𸴣ЩȻѾȥǾֱӹȥôٻӱ˵Ҳֻܹһһ
ҺԸԸһ𸴣ĿУԶôõˡ
ٻӱ⻰˵˵ǸоʮֵĲڡ
ʱ䣬˴˶û˵˼ĶԲߣֿɲʲôǵˣҪ֪ٻӱ˯ˣǺжôأǲΪ˼ǧСͨŮˣ˯˾˯ˣ
Ҫ֪Щ֮Уֻ˼˯㣬û˯˼ҡ
ٻӱǲֱȳû˼Ҳһˣ֮ǰЩ׷׷ҲһģԼԽ˸¡
ΪҪǣٻӱԼ֪Լ˼ʲô
ɻʱķУڵ˻ľǡ
ȥһҾƵ꣬ؼҡ
Ҳû뵽ʲôð취˶Ѿô˵ҪȥһּңҪǲȥĻֻ˼ҲôǶûа취ܿ
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ϴ˵ҪΪԺʮӣһҪúõİա
ƽҲʲôûɫߵʱ򻹸ҡ
ҷģԼһӶû˵ĻٻӱƺųȤظƽĻԺʮӣ
ҿƽԼôҲҪ鷳ʲôʱ˵£
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¸·ȴתͷЦǶŮһԴףӽˮģͲ飬ֻٻӱıȴǲͬ
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⻰룬޷ٻӱ˼
亹ֱð˵̫߹ң˼ΪôˡֻҪһŮˣȵĹһӣҪǿԵĻڶѾɽӡ

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ŶٻӱķӦȴǺƽҪҵйۣҪҸ̥ҪԼ̥
ЩۣŮ̫ҪͲܹװɵ
֪Ϊʲô޲ȥͻȻðһ䡣
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ĶѾ϶ǸŮ˾ٻӱǼǸӡ


313 ׷
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ٻӱһ˻Ǹ˾ٻӱˡ
ߵĺϲٻӱģʱҪǺȥǸˣð˭һֵ˼顣
ߡֱ׷ȥҪװףԼʲôطǸˣҪȻرĺţȴҲǰ֮УǵһݵĴڡ
Ȼÿһʵصĺû󷢻ӳʱ˭֪Ǹ嵽ʲôڣⲻǲһʵΡ
ʵϣڻӰĻһЩμ壬һжٸĴڣ֤ķٺͲʢ˭Կóġ
˵᲻׷ߣ
˵ģô˶ڿЩĵ˵ºʲôĲٻӱһ
ȻЩǸֻǱٻӱòҪȻҲܻĸо
Ҫ֪ҵ׷߿мô࡭
ٻӱǿĵЦȻ֮ǰôϲЩ׷ߣǲô˵ҪЩ˳ֵĻͳôҲǶ
ٻӱֿ̫뷨ˣ֪ܶʱԽ࣬ԽסҪĶҪԼĺͳԵ֣׷߶ʲô
һ仰Ρ
ٻӱ
˵ʲôʲôʱһ
ٻӱû뵽ոᵽԼ׷ߣ׷߾ˡ
鷳ˡٻӱų˵ȴǱųģƺҪˣѾˡ
Ҫ޳
꣬ʲô
Ļûʲô
ΪʲôҪң
Ҫٻӱ֪뷨ģ϶취ŪѾ˯ôΣûʲôѵҪӴŲ
˺ܿ͵ߣһȵסˡ
ٻӱ
İˣѾһ㡣

ٻӱӦһĵһﻹм䣬ҪǸֱܺңҴ
ʲôʱģ
ⴿǷϻ˼ҸոմӻϲǰĲ
̲ס̾Ϣģ˭ϲ㣿
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ΧȴڿϷЩϳ⼸һﶼһȨҵĺӡ
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ٻӱֱӸһըĸը顣
ܣһƭҵģĻɫֿ㣿
ϵ·ǱȽϼ򵥣ʮַŭ
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źˣȴѾоƺҲʲôǵˡ
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˭ûѯʣʵʮֵļ꣬ھҪ֪ҪСɫֱӰýѹ
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ȻͬǱ֮֮ǲм
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þա
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ȴǿٻӱ˵㣬ȥκЩ£һԼֵܣһԼ㿴ϵˡ
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СȥЩĵĵط˰ɣҪһ㿴ôʰ㣬
ٻӱǽ˸ˣǶоܵѪԣû˿Խ顣
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ȴҪԼһƣⶼʲô鰡
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ԼֵܻڿԼǸЦУνıƽЩɲģ
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ɻ¿ʵȴĺܣųżɱ⣬ٻӱǱߣûȥЩʱԿӵġ

Զٻӱٶһ
ʱѾҪѡ˵ֵܱǸȹȥʱҽǸ˵ϢǸ㵽֡
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ŵ㡣
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֪ʲôʱ򣬳ٻӱֱˣ§ٻӱ˺ܵһ
ʵϣ֪Щʱϰĺܿµ顣
ʱҪǲ֪ˣ˭Ϊһ¡
Ȼܲٵġ


314 ʨӴ󿪿
㣬һģô֪ģСĵʵôҲǴˣҪȻٻӱῴۣ
ôҪЩѱţٻӱһ۾ͿԼܵ˼Ц
ܣЩһֻǾѣҺݲǣ
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ٻӱ϶гߣôɧļһôܻĻȥ
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طӲ̫ƽֻϣЩûӵļһҪװƴĻᡣֻҪĵĻӣ˭֪ȴǵõôһ
̫ƽ𣿡ٻӱЦЦҪһ˿ƽ߳طǾı£ǵˮĻҪ㶼Ѿ׼ȢˣҲʾһ£
ĶЩ죬ʲô׼Ȣ㣬׵ĺò
ǵһ̣Լһ鲻ƿأּں棬ʲôɣ
ֻҪ㵥ĵһѡһ˵Ҳ֪ԼôҪĻ׾ͱٻӱ
ΪôóԵģ
Ŷٻӱǲ⣬ָк𣿡
û뵽ٻӱ˵ԾЩ󣬡оֲǲ֪Ƥ񣬻ǻǱһľ룬ô
ûνֻҰֹȥҾ壬ҼҺôҲŵԣȻ岻һϲңЩ鲻ȥԿ˭֪أٻӱһҰҺ޵ŮˣԸҲЩìܡ
ȳڱ֮УҪΪ飬һٶķҪȻҲģ
㡭ٻӱŮѾûҪǻһ˳ֻ¶ѾȢ˶˵
ٻӱ޹Ŀų֪Ҫ˵ʲôһ㡣
һж㣬ҲҪ˵˵ʲô˲ǣҪȻǵһЩ鷳ǾǸ鷳
֪Ů˶Ǻջˮǵ߿϶ĸ߸˧ȨΧơ
Ҫÿһһﶼֻ֣»
ȻҲ˵Ӳʵϲ˭ˣû˻ȥЩǿӲӲЩԲеļһҪ֤Լνǿߣ
̨Ӳ˼ֶţٲὫɵҪȻͻǲݡ
ϵЩʮţƣʲô˶ҴЩҲֻܹӾ磬ڵӾһˣʵǻһ졣
νĴдǶԲС˵ڣʵȴԽߵλˣԽܲ
Ҳ£
ٻӱЩ죬Ϊɱôû뵽ôûС־ĻЩ˵֪ȴǸ˵ĺܡ
ִ֪磬ٶ̶֤̺ͣԺ˵ĺӿ϶Ҳܸ̣ĵЩڻʲô֮ģǲ⣬ҪûУҲҪָ³
ϻҲҲͨˣ̲סǰѾͣĳ˵ܵѾˡ
߰ɡ
ٻӱںڴԼؼ֮ʲôӦ
ʲôӦŲᣬڳѡˣҪˡ
㡣
ٻӱ֮æкǲ֪
һ飬һҲˣǲ˽
ٻӱһʵ֪ǾˮƽҪ˵ⶫҪһλζʮѡ
㣬ң̫ģֲǲ֪ǶôˣҵͶʷ˵ˣϳ
Ǳ˵˵ٻӱ֪Ϊˣôܻô飿
ųϳŵ˵СӲҪҵƳȥʲôҪȻʱø£ҿûа취㡣
׽㣬ֻٻӱĹϵʮֵĲȻǳˣȴҲûʲôý飬Ҳ֪Ϊͬ꣬Ϊ˰⡣
ٻӱϵģöῴϣ˳ΪһֵĲɿҪǳѹƣֻ˫ͿʼѪƴ
׽ٻӱȴʮãʮֹ顣
Ҫǲ˵Ļǲͺãͽ飬ҲκϿ𣿡
ҲԼߣҪ֪飬ֻĹͷᱻϣÿɲʲôСɫҪ˵ֵηĴڣΨá
û˿ãҪ˵ٻӱη壬ǻۺͼ֮⣬ǳ׽ظ˶ѾĬϣһš
˭Ȣһš
ֻ˶Ѿøųȥ˶˸һΨһʸ棬һţˡ
ٻӱʮֲףõʲôԹʱĶǱøٵȻҪ˫ĹϵԽĽӲ
㵹ǲκϣΪһ㣿Ҳ¸㣬ǽеľү֮Ϊ壬Ҫֻǵ飬ٻӱ㡣
ʮƽȵĳͻȻʧһ㣬ֱӳұȥˣҲǼɲ
顭
˵ôİ
һһʱûзӦֱ׷β
˭û뵽źƽȵȻ顣
ûˣ͵ʵ㣬㲻ŻңүȻˣ
ǺµģóЩףԼƣôôôһᵽĴڣᵽϻĴڣʲôأ
үûкˣôʲôȽٺˡ
ٻӱ֮һжڸı䣬ҲǸҹڳСŮˣ˿̵ǰ
Ҳ޷оصԣҲڳɡ
ʵϣһֱûٻӱģΪ֪ǶʱµٻӱֻǶʱ
ʲôٻӱУһӸоĲԾ
ûʲô
Ȼ˵һһֿҲôȢٻӱ
Ҫֿʲôؿǣʱһ˼˵ҲãʵҲգûа취Ȣٻӱ
ɢȥЩԣôҲܵʱҲǳɹ
ڵģСôģ⳵ŪˣǮʮ򡣡
洫˺ǴֺЩ
Сʲô⣬ֱӱվǣǰţŲҷַŪ㡣Ȼٻӱǰɵĺܣǳ˵ǰȴǰĺܣôܻΪϴʲôġ
ˣͳһ·ˡ
ǲֵ֪ܣһŵġ
Ǻɫ·ӡа֣ǸſھҪʮά޷ѣҪ֪ĳҲʮıʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ô꣬ҵû˵˭Ұǰ˵⻰Ҫ֣㱨ҵַҪʮӲ˽ȫҸˣӸա
ͷǸһһ⣬˱ܵĸоʲôûɫ
ȷ˸ΣյĹâòʲô򵥵ˣĵܵҲȫǷ


315 
ȻǸʮ򣬻ǸŪ㡣
ʱͨ棬һЩ˵棬ǸͲʲô
ЩͲô࣬ҪҲǮǾͺ֣Ź㣬ǶǱѣûʲôϸĳͷ
ĶСҪҪҴٻӱʵ˵ʸûС
ҪҪЩһҪٻӱȴǺܿ϶ûеھǶǣԽǳԽ֪Щ
ҽҽãϳغ·ׯʮ˺ţҪб£ȥ
Ȼãܶʱʲô鶼ǱţǴɱķû˸Ҳ
ʮְļˣõ֮ǶЩ£ǿǼǵŮ֡
˵ʲôү㣿ǸһӶµʵΪôСļһթ˭֪ȴôһ
ҪԼһƣⶼʲô飿
Ѿ֪˼ҿ磬ڻҪͶԷԣⲻҪ
ҪǲŵģȥʿҪҲߣҪҵĵطҸ죬ҪҲ֪ϵĹءΪʲô˶ǣȥүģߵԿ
ǰЩһҪͶûпļǶҪҳԵģ
ȴǲ֪˱˴˶һۣɱ֣ǶҪõĵܵܣֻǻĺܲңǿ֪һλΪүŮжô
ģΪǱŴġ־óذףȳ̹ȥ
ҿ
Ҳû뵽ԲˬֶΣȴһЩļһ
ĳȴǼææ³Ҫǿǰ˸ŪвС鷳
顣
ҲǲݰķӦʮֿ죬һֱӽǰذ׸߷ɡ
ĸ׼ΧʱȴѾʧȥᣬѾ˳档
͡
ԭһӰĸ˷ɳʮףֱͣϷĳϡ
սô죬ȴֽô죬һȻ
Сӣûб¾ͱѧ˼װƣҪҵЩֵܣַӱ˸ɵ
һǸȥȴڽѵʱ˳ȷһ½Ҳá
ȴʮֲ˵ʲôһ˶Ը㶨
ʲôû˵ֻǶ˵ǰģ
ǵԼ뿪֮ǰôһڳнơ
֪ǰ컹Ҷ֡ǸҲЩη壬ڵ£ûа취ԳҪıŪǹҲΪ򱧲ƽ
ſˣһںˣʲô
ꡭ

һֱôֱֻһͷѵǸʹĺ
ɻ£ǺĺãôһĺֻҲʲô
Сڿĳ棬ҪǻСĻǾӽˮٻӱ۹⣬Զô
ݽɫ٣ͬȴǵһοŰ˼ң˷Ƶʲôʣʲôɱֳɣ
磬ֵܼҲһʱӷ裬Ĵ󷢴ȱŹǡ
֪Ҫǲ϶ԺĸоɱĽѾϵˡ
Ҫһˣϴһ仰гضݷá
ˣҪЩǰн꣬ҲôжᱻǸֻ˵Ѿʧȥ塣
Ҫ޳Լǵ£ʲô£ΪʲôҪһ˳еĺҪǳб£ȥϴǡ
߰ɡ
˵˵ֻһбӡ󣬵ϻĸ֪ˣĸ˿еѪϵȻôõ
á
ֱӸԼʶһȥ˵绰ֱϳûйӾмоĳ⼸ˡ
ôٻӱҸЦŮ˶ϣԼ档
磬Ůˣ˼Ůǿˣ󲿷ֵŮ˶ǿԼ˳Ϣ
Ҫһ죬ŮΪ٣ֻ綼Ҫ̡
ԴǻۣŮ˵ĵλʹʱǶûа취ڸǹˡ
ʱԣǷ̫ײУԺҪǷìܣ㲻Ǳ򣿡
⻰ȴûдԳӡǲбѪ˭֪˻᲻ţ
Ҫ֪ٻӱȻּţүҲʲôصģһ˫ֳʲôìܣҲֻǷڴû˭ҽ˵Ӳ󵽼Ρ
ǺǡٻӱȴЦҪԸ⣬ν
ٻӱΪ˰νֻ˭ţ
ȴЩͷۣԼûٻӱʲôôŮ˺Ǳιҩһ㣬ʲô

֪鷳ˣٻӱ䣬Ǻ飬ǲҪ룬ԼĽ϶˹һҪһӹûʲôҪǹǡ
Ĳ룬Լһ˵
ǰŮҲˣٻӱЩ˵ûʲô˼ֻܣ׽ҲûôϲЩˣֻǴΪᡣ
ٻӱĸоȴǲͬѾٻӱ֮У˰Ľ
ֻǺܵȴѾˡ
ҪȥĻ˿϶ᱬҵİ֪֮󣬻ô
ˣ㻹û˵Ͷôģ
ٻӱʵôţʲôͶʿô׾ǮҪֱĻĻûʲô̤˼ҵ֮УǾͲͬ
ˣһֱע᷿زѸҽһ˾ŶˣҲڳǱߣŪһҷز˾мýʲôġ
ֻ˵ǻرʮָߣǳٻӱȴǾ
ǴǱ߳ģ˭Ѿһ˵С
ٻӱȴѾ뵽һЩ飬ʵʲôʱʼͶʣ
֮ǰ뿪֮ǰһ죬Ǹʱң˵ҪȥͶʮÿһʮ
ոտʼ˵ʱûиоʲôͻȻӦҪҺĹϵҪң
Ҫ֪ǳеˣ϶ô࣬б˲ռ˵
Ѿ֪ǳеˣٻӱͳйϵҪһҲ׳⡣
ĹϵڳУҪĻֻЩѰζ
㻹ٻӱЩѿ˵ʲôҪô취ЩƵǳеİһЩ飬б˸ķѣ㲻Ҫ֪ǸأҪȻҴȡ
˵ƨ£֪ҪԼ˵ַӱУҪĻԺӶûа취졣
ûôذɣֻȥǱѣͶһøʮǮ׬Ǳ
ǲģһ⡣
ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҫ֪Ǳߵ㲻Ҫ˵һʮҾǸһһ㶼ãҪûв´Ҫ֮У׼ȷҪμˮУʲôʱÿһٷ֮ʮͶʣЩƱûô񡣡
Ȼ֪¿϶⣬ֻҲȥô࣬Ǯ׬ǣЩ¶С£ô㶼㲻ϡ
ɻ¡ȴмҧгݣǳɻ½ܵġ
ΪԼȥҵǮ鶼С飬ڿЩֻǸӵ鷳


316 
㽫¸ãиˣԺôԼ£Ҫ鷳ҪȻַӺ˺
ٻӱͻȻչֳһ棬Ӷ͹⻹ԼʶǸŮʵŮˣôһŮӵİ
мָжмֹ죬Լ֪ô˵
ʲôҪ˵
ٻӱʵȻ֪Լղһ̬óЩ죬ȴżչֳ
ȻֻΪ׽ߣŻżչֳ˿һŮ
ûС
УҲܻ˵̺̣迼顣
ȴЩ˵㣬Ҳ֪ҺĹϵҪ֪˽˵ŪңϴҸһЩ鷳ֱӽҸ죬ôȰûа취
Щɥ˵һ̫Ľ㣬ҲǱ硣
ٻӱûһ㣬ֻǾĿԶ
֪Ĭǽ𣬲һʱˡ

֪ԼʲôҲΪ飬ĳԽԽ졣
ֻʮңߵĳѾּң˿ٻӱʱּҶǼɹߡ
Сˡ
үСˡ
үӣСƽ¡
һڱ棬Կһٻӱʧ٣ǸּҴܴӰ졣
ڼҵƣĲ˵˵ѡ
Ц˵ֻȴǷѾ֪ԼܻԲּ֪ˣڿǷȳˣ˴ȽϺá
ûзӦ֪ԼĽжôܳ裬ҪûĻּңԺհ
ôһ飬ּǴжûа취ġ
ּҵһЩȴǲϾһε飬ǻӰ쵽ǵ档
һˣûż³ǿź˵³
żʲô˻ҪһʱڣҪڽȥֻЩͲá
ٻӱ˵ڵӵȷɵ̬ʱ֮ſų˵һȥɣԺҲļҡ
ɫЩƺڳʲô
ǿһЩٻӱôǿƵŮˣĻķһˣҲʮֵۣ
˿ּּ̣ҵļүȴڴԺš
ˡ
Ƕ֪ʲôã֮ǵһж»صϣҾͲףΪʲôҪһŮˣҪ嶼Ҫޡ
ŮʵʵȥԼǣĪǻּߣ
˶ʮֲˬֵܶԸһֱٻӱĹ⻷£ֻǵʵȴôûа취ٻӱ
ҪһҲ˵ʲôǡ
ֹʮŭ˵ҪٻӱڵĻλĿʮֵĴһжѾԶȥ
߰ɣҪǳȥˣֻҲ鷳
һ֮һֱӳ߳ȥǶڵǣûʸ˵ʲôǿ飬Ǿǳȥӭӡ
ֿ缸Сʱ֪ٻӱǰϲҪȻڹͱܳȥ
ֻǣҲЩìܣΪһţһġ
һֱЩɲ֪ٻӱͳôǷʲôǷᵱ⹫Ǹ˵мжϣǸ˿νǰ;û⣬֮˶пܳΪΪҫ۵ǡ
үӿߵʵǲǸѾͷˣ
ǵүӡ
СĻشʲôΣգүһӱ̼
Ҫ֪ٻӱôûлүôû˯ţ˲֪Ϊô᲻֪
һж߿Сһ£ԼȥκϣǲҪô࣬ǸѾͷңһ߾ǰ£Ҳ֪ϼһﱨš
үӶٻӱ簮ǿ˵ּҶ֪
ǡ
æȥš
ٻӱһȥ֮ûбʲôģǾΪҪԼţǹǻز
ٻӱжôնǲ˵
Ҹоҽ컹ǲҪȥȺžۣȳȥ
ڲŵʱջҪٻӱã¡
ͲٻӱڻֻЩϲѣϲͰģôһֱŽ¡
ٻӱ֪룬ֻĶ
ŶٻӱĿ˳һ˵ȷߣ
ӸղųĳɣѾ²ʲô
ԺٽȥɣڵҲʣҲûбҪȥǿ϶˵⻰Щһ˫ء
߰ɡ
ͻȻٻӱһ仰ףȴЩɵۣܿͷӦ̾Ϣһȥ
ٻӱվűߣżְˣ漴ȴȥ󲽵ĳȥ
˭ףٻӱʲô
ôȥϲգڳ̣˭֪һ̻ûгּ꣬ҹүȻᵹҪӻ飿
ʱʽȥߵʻλ˵ҿһ£ڸʻ
Ҫ쭳
Է飬鲻ôã鲻þ쭳Ͳ֪ԷǷˣŮ鲻ˣոջûз֣ŷֳٻӱĹϵЩر
³֮󣬳ڼʻһ³мֺĿųʵ
ңҲ֪Լʲôģ̲ס̾Ϣһ˵ֻһСڶѡ
һ㲻ҪҿЦˣǲϺģ
Ҫ֪Ǹطģǿ϶಻ͬĹϵоǳǾүˣôҲһˡ
˵㲻ţһСڣУһγе£㲻ҪκϣŪþͻ˵ģȥУǶǸطѾʼ񡣡
뵽Լ֮ǰս֣ô˵ķȻ֪ʲô
ȴǲΪǱôΣգ˵ݣﶼû˸ɱңҪǼıǿԽǸΪƽء
ҲֻԼҪȻôţ
һЦ˵СǣղЩҪŪǣҸطһݣΪǼԱ˭ѵǸҽиΪƽأ
ʱͲҲ֪ԼղǻЩͷ˭Ǳ߳⣬Ƕû˸ҽһطΪƽأΪûй
μҪҲû˻Ƿ
ҽһôоǲ񣿡̲סʵǲˮƽûл˵ģǳ֮⣿
ҺҲ˵ҲҪô࣬׽ǱҲҪᵽңҲǣЩͻ뿪ǣҶá
Ĳκô飬ҲҪͨһЩϢЩȨ
ڸ𺣸ڳжѾʮּѣҲ𺣸鷳
ҪЩȨ֣ܿ϶ּҲæھǱ߸ǲܰæҲûдҾæ
뿪
ЩɵۣĻһЩҪʼ˭֪ҽѾ㡣ôְֶûбܵıţȴǵһˡ˵㣬пܻĳҲ룬Ҫߣ㳤мȮ
㲻Ҫᡣ
ĳԽԽ죬һתۼ䳬Խȥ
ǵĳܿ͵˾


317 æ
ھǰ棬ֱ³˵ȽȥԺлټ档
û뵽ߵôɾ䣬Ҫס˿ڡ
Ϧ׳ǳǹϦоԼ֮ǰôҪǸ˵һ
ңطһǷ֮أһ뿪Ҳã˭֪᲻طʲô籩
áǸǼǵ˿˳һۣôҲǵңֱӲͨϦĵ绰
˿̣Ϧڻ濪ᡣ
һǵǶȡ׹ܹõĶҲ֪Ƕʲô鱨ʾǸܻıĸ֡
ҪôشϦҲϻִ֣Ϊһε飬׹һЩǱصļҲڻ߱ĿľҪĵעס
ϴҪһ£ǶѾ׹ڹȥ壿
⻰ϦһʳҪǻһ˵ϴĻ϶һ˦ȥҪûҲҪȥ
Ҹ˵ҲΪûʲô塣ҵ˵ʹǶҪǾ˵ְ𡣡
Ϧ˵˵ְִ񣬲ȥǷмֵ
ǡ
ڳ˶
ʱϦֻͻȻ
ʲô飿
Ϧִڴĵ绰֪ûִڴĵ绰
ʶˣ˭ֱӸ绰
ãϦǱߵĵ绰鶼ʮֵļû뵽Ȼš
ϴʲô飿
ǲɩˣ
˿ϦʵǺٿϦôĵ飬Ƕʼ˼
ϦȴЦȥȥʲôһѹͷ۵£а취
ΪݵĹϵϦ˶ûôӴ׹ǱߣǱߵҲô
ΪӶݣ絽ߣ׹Ǳ߸ȥĲ٣Ӧ֪ô졣
ɣѵ׹Ǳӹ
ȥģҲ룬ҪЩһӹϴôԳȥӭӲǣ϶ӵļһ
һڲ²ϦҲڵȴ
һȺҲ֪ҪɣΪģ¾Ȼ˵˲ӡ
ۿۡ
ű˸졣
Ϧ˵·Ϊһʮ
׳Ѿ
һʿϦʿ
ˣȥɡϦ
ǡʿѸٵתȥǴ棬һ·ϾٹؿҲϦֱӶԻ쵼ŽôɣҪȻЩ鶼Ҫ
׳áһĿϦģϦ̲סЦ첽ĳ߹ȥһѽסֵܣҪǹ飬Ҳô
֪лϦֵܡ
ҲǱ֪ϦôѰ˫Ĺϵ̫ãǶԷȴѾ御ж֮ģȻ֮
˵Ҫ⡣Ϧȴǲֱӽӻ
֪Ϧ˱ȽиԣҲЩԸЦǲ֪Ҫʲô⣿
ܼ򵥣Щ£Ҫæһ¡
Ϧ˵ųȥǺĿųǻǵһοԼϴô顣
²⵽ЩӦǺͺйϵҪȻô
һĿﱳܹӵ׹׹һһ˲¹׹̯ƣҪöſϽǶпܻӰ쵽ĸ֣ҪõǶʲô취
ϦѾ⣬ȴҪ֪ô롣
ûĿĴŵַһЩϰʲôģʲôģǾͲҪȥңΪعױǱرġ
˼Ƭѯʵܹع֣ڶԷһЩϰвٵ˽⡣
֪Щعִʱ򣬼ʹǵ˶޷ͨòǡ
С
ϦϵЦʮֲãڵĳ֪Щŵǰٷְٷġ
ҲǴżųһмҡ
һعΪ˽Լ뵱أǻᾡԼʳϰ߱¶ôΣҲ˲ͬо׹ӦõFBLˣҪǹȥǹսʲôǰٷְٻǱߣִҪⲫսרҡ
Ҫ˵ô֮УΪľFBLžЩһֻҪ˵طǡ
Ŷǿɶ˹ȥЩ˹ȥָ֮ô
Ϧֵƽ崥һͶӰǵǰ
ϯݣطǻңҲŮ˹ȥһЩ˧ҲҪȥȥǸطͱһȺ̬˸׷
뵽飬ڶ¡
ڳ˲ը
ɣǸط˶Ź
׹˾Ȼô̬
ҪұȽϳȥô˧Ǹôȥ
ЩһﻹûԼ
ϦɫЩЩһԽԽûмɣѵǲ֪˵
Ǽֲ֣֮ǰҲôԡ
ǣ׹˱̬ǸһЩ̫ݣһ氮Ķһܱ̬Ļᣬ涼ɣץΪȤǸץסˣ
̲סϴûߣֻʲô³˵
ɣսǸɵҶû⣬ô㱻˸ץסϦȴʮ𾪣˲֪ж£ȴ
ҵսǵطûã˼ҵʱֱըΧңоǸǵصӹ˵Ǳ߲ᵽνļ
һμʶͨ˵ԱôǱ
Ϧüͷ壬ĻҪز֪ٱʵ֮أ
оǱߵʳЩŵļһԵĶŪһЩԻҩȥ֮ʲô֪ѹʱ򣬹ѾȱһЩֱӸ㣬ֻҪǱ泬£ûжͷۡ
Ŀù飬ҲǾһε֪֮ŵѣǴ塣
⻰˵ĵʵڣ˭а취棿
Ƕǻɣ˶ֻ»¡
ǸǱȥ
Ϧϵѯʵ֪Щ»Ҫ˲֪
ЩѡҿԸǽһ£оҪеؿαװɺ⻪ˣˡߣҪͶҪǮ٣ǱΨǮĶǹƨҪָЩʲôԣǵֻǮſչֳ
Ҳ˽ҪϦĶ顣
ϦѸƽ棬һЩϣų˵æһЩ˺ʹȥҶЩҲôʱǵǰ
ȻЩǻܣǳڵЩ⣬ϦҲʲô


318 
⼸ԣҪǸһ֪ǷʣҪ֪֮
ҲôҪϦҪȻͲῪڡ
áϦϲͨǼ˵ĵ绰˹
ڳ˶ųóЩëЩ˶ڿϡһ
ʵϣҲϡ˵ϦƷôһôûпܵõϦΡ
ߵţҺȥġȻҪȵ˻ûϦеҪ֪顣
Ϧ棬ѾһĴڡ
ǸطжôңôһƯŮˣǻжΣա
Щǿ뵽£ֻϦô벻Ȼƽ»
ǡ
ǶһЦݵĿųϦ߳ȥ֮ǳֿ
˵Ǹǲϴˣ
ʲôҪǻ֪Ҹ˵ǹͷҪѡ
ʲôͷѣڵҪǱȥһ绰Ҫֱӱץڴ
ˣŮˣа֮ģһֱǱƸȽϸߵϦһκͳЩرĽӴ̲סʼ
˵Ĳ١Щ˲ֹ˵˵ѣֱӸǻȥ绰
ôģϦųʵǺ棬ⲻ˵
ҸٻӱҲһҪǿԣ׼뿪ǣ֪ʲô·ûУҵ֤ʲôˡ
ڵ£׾ͱ˸ɵٻӱЩ׷߶ѾĴڣҪЩô죿
Ϧ̲סųʵҪ֪˶Ҫһ棬ߣ㻹ûиңһȥôǵҲǡ
ϦҪ֪һ£Щ֪֮ǿվ顣
һЩ˻ὫɹϦȴǻᵱɱĲƸء
ڳʱ򣬸ָ鶼֪һӦֶΣҲǶһ飬û˻ỳɡ
Ҳ˽ҲЩ¸˵
ЩǱٻӱôôһʱ䣬ôģǺǣ˶Ƿֿ˯ӡ
ԣôԷֿҪ֪ĺһ㣬ѺΪʣ㲻Ҫ
ϦЩɵĿųĸоЩԾֱʳ
Ϊҵʵǿ㲻֪ΪҵǿǶҷɣҪҪǱ߶лΪ
ǿԼǿ󣬾ҪϦ߸תƵĵطֻа취תƣ
Ϧô񣬻飬ڼ֮뵽˲Ծĵط
һֱһ˯Ϧ𺳵ʵҲԼ뷨ŵչ룬㼱ææ뿪ǣΪ˻ȥִʲôΪ˶ٻӱ׼ȷ˵ǶٻӱЩ׷ߣ
꣬ԲҪô
ôǻĺ硣
ЩϦԼֻһ仰飬˼ȴǿһӽе鶼ǶôĴڡ
ֵܰɣϦʵȻദʱ䲻࣬ȴǱȽԷ˽
Ϧһ·Ļ֣ƽЩ¾ͲҪ˵
㡣Ϧǿ϶˵˵֮ȴǸоЩԾҪʲôʲôȦڵƵģҲƲʲôɣ
Ȼ˵㣬Ҿһ仰Ըңҹٻӱôȵ뿪ǣҲ֪Ը񡣡
һҪлһѰҪı´һ㣬ֱͺá
϶ٻӱԵֻܹѰϦ
ʲô
顭
Ϧһ£ȥ˳ĶͷҪǷգô뵽⡣
ֻȴЩ仯Ǿű˸ͻȻƿ
Ϧ
ʨӺһóҲ֪⼸쾫߶Ƚţǲǣô飬ܵҪ㿪
ֻǳߣϦұߡ
˹Ĳһ¡
ա
ڵġ
˶̲סĵױ֡
˶ָոһ˲ƶǵʮֹ죬׼ȷ˵ǳϦָŵģ
ϦʲôԲ㣿ȥٻӱǸŮˣȻˣȴǲôߣھȻ̬һˣңǰ͹̣һȲ˼ңոǸ绰ң˵ںһ˺ܣҵʱţô˵Ҫǲ̬ĻʲôǱ̬ҡ
ǻĦغΪ飬ۼΪʵôˣԼոսʱϦģǻ͸ġ
ҡ
һˣⶼʲô£Լֻǹ˰æôһӾͱ˸ǵߣһ˵֡
ҵı£ӾǸҲˣӵŮˣһѵġ
ôûᣬϦȴ˸ʮֵĿ־壬ȴǺҵһѵ;
ʵϣôϦһֶûзѰҽѵĵ·
ҪΪʲô꣬ÿһһӢ˧ˣһزٽŮ˸ѹţʲôо˵ǻѾΪ֮вɳ֮С
ϦҲ֪ǻôΪʲôᣬҪǲסĻᣬӶǰ׳
ͷǻģͻȻоëԤԼСֱеҪʵ
ֻЩ룬ֵһ̣ȴǸо⧲
ôû뵽ϦȻǰһһ§ոշӦʱ򣬺˵Ȼ֣ҲҪȥ˵İ飬һнȴҪ¸ҵĻȥ
ϦôһóоնЩ
֪ǻ˭ԱϦôһŮ˶ˣôҲǼ򵥵Ļɫ
ֻ꣬ӳҵףǺҵѪ
ҪӣּҶӹȥһҪұ
ֻܹϴ˼Ĳ֪˵ʲô˼Ȼĵ顣
㡭
ǻ궼֪Լһ̵ʲôģоԼʮֵʹôû뵽Ǹ˵ŰԼһˣȻѾ˵Ļ֮С
ҪһŮˣôһˣôûа취
æ͵ᣬʵֻæһҪϷһ飬ʮּ򵥵飬Ӳ͵ľأҪϦĽࡣ
ǻĨȥ۽ǵˮ˵ҵ̣ҪûмǴǳɣʱ򣬻һٵ㣬ҵʱΪֵܣǺǡ
Ǹŵ˹˵оֹЩرǻҲΪģ˭֪ʱϦȻ־ȻڳĶͷ
Ҫ֪ϦԸЩرǾһ˵ԸôʲôܽӴģҪڶսʱһҪ졣
ǻҲΪһ㣬ԲŻ϶ôࡣ
ȻҲԴԱΪԵʣһֱô֡
ϦҹҲԸؼҵԭ
ֻ֪Ҳûа취飬ǾǼסϦߵŮˣֻǧ㣬Ȼܸһˡ


319 ޳
ҪһƽϦŪ꣬ҪŮ˺ʲôҲҪǣңȥҲãҵŮ˲ȥ˼ңңҺ۸ֺŪ
Ȼ֪Ƕôţƣȴ֪ӦÿԿסǻĴڡ
ʹѾ㿪Ϧȴһ¿ˮ̵ģڶǻ˵Ҿǳ죬ҳһˣҪô
ȿȡͻȻϦСܹǱֻҪֵģڷڵЩԾǾֱվ
û֪Ҳһͷͷʿڿ񱼣ֻҪֵģ˭֪ȻԼҲҪǡ
ǶҪϴҪҲҪֻҪһЦǽԼСȥô졣
֪һε飬ܽôϦ϶Źǡ
ϦȷҪң㲻֪ٻӱ͵ˡ
Ҳȥ֪ǻôģȻôͶ˵飬֪Ҫǲֻ´ǻ˾ͻŪȻЩ鷳ȴǲԸ鷳
֪ǻٻӱ˭ΣȴֻܹѡһԼȽϤĵط
ϦѾԤϵ˵Ĺϵܻô򵥣ʲôϵ
ڳĳһҪǹ˽գϦҲ֪ԼʲôʱŻվ
Ҫǻ˵һˣһбµˣҪȢһʮƯŮˣһͷһŮˣѾܹӡ
ÿһγȥʹЩ˲˵ϦǸоЩڱ󳰷һˡ
Ϧڵλãǿǳõģ
˭֪ʹҲǰ;ˣ
ֻһûпܺ˵Ҳû˿ܻеίֻԼһ˿š
ʮֵ΢
ϦСܶҴǶԼգĴ޷ܣĶںڣԼЩǲǳԱû
ӲҪһЩںˣҶеˣˣ
ڵģǷҪʲôԼ棬ϦǷģѾˡ
ոջҪϦæҲҪϦһѡ
£Ҷûа취ף군
ܶʱ˵ôѸ٣ȴôͻأ
Ҫߣһ㶨飬˻һ𡣡
Ϧ˵ɲ»Ӱ쵽Լǰ;һֻҪسʲôţǰ;
ʵλãǻЩ۷ǿߵĽӰˣֻҪ۷ǿŬԺ·ӵƽ̹
Ȼǰǲ˸Ūǻжı£˼ҪŪҲǾ֮Ͷѣǲôѡ
㵽Ҫʲô꣬˼Ȼˡһ㣬Ҳ룬˼ôƯжأҲʲôٻӱƯʹֻ㿴椵˼һŮˣÿһҿҶľս
ֱӱҲô࣬Ҫ뿪ǣʱٻӱҪ׷ɱҲûа취
Ҳֹ£ǺĿڿǻ˵ɩӣǵ飬Ҳ֪ҺװףղҪæȻ˵ǲǷˣǹҵĶͷҪǲǷա
˵ӱڹ
ϦʮֵŭĬĬ뿪»ᱻûʷĳ֮Уڱ鷳Ҫˡ
֣ͻȻ洫˵˵ýˣĳǱȽϼʱ
ãҳһ£Ϧ˵Ҫʼˮ˵Һһԣ꣬Ҳģ
æȥ˵Щˡ
ûзӦֿ˵˳֤һ£ҪˣطĲҴġ
ЩɵۣղžǽӵϢ˵ߣ͹˭֪ȻôһϷ
Ϧ⣬ǱҪ˷֣ҲҪųˮҪ˰
һ
ϦЩΣҪǸղûʲôĻͿ顣
ʱֻⲻˣ˳С飬Ǹ˿ɲʲôصĴڣֻǲ֪Ҫﵽʲô̶ȡ
⻰һ˵˶ʲôǿǻĶλҲϦųˮĺ
ϦҪٻӱ飿
ǻҲǳصģѸĨȥˮƽĿϦʵ
ϦƤʮֵĺ񣬡޲ۣһֵܵӣⲻǿʱ̫ѹ֣ҪһϲҺǺֵܡ
꣬ھǺֵܣղҪҺ㵱÷ޣ
̲סֻϻɫûκε
ǻЩĿųм˼ƽ뵽ղŵµɵ㣬̬ȶԣоϦ˼һһֱϲŮ˵ģҶƯŮˣôҲΪԼĴڣһӾ͸ı䡣
Ϧ㻹Ҫб£͸˵һ飬ǻô꣬͵Ǳˡ
ǻŮкܣʲô˵
⻰˵ֱϦЩ޹⣬ĺ뱬֣Ůӵʲôģȴ֪Լܹ
һҪǲ֮ء
Щ鶼ȥˣһҪŮô˵أ
Ϧ˵ǻ˶оŨصαϢ
˻ٲҪһģղҲ֪˭ںҪͳһȴǿö֮˵ŲҪĻ
ϦΪڳ˳˳޷ӦǶ֪һʲôɫ
ǺǣЩʱҲҪô飬Щȥˣǻǿǰ棬Ҫ֪һֱĻҲкܴ鷳Բԣ
Ҳ˵ҪǶ鷳
Щŭǿɲῴʲô֣ǶֻǿǷΪֹ
Ѿ̫࣬ٻӱ飬ûôꡣ
ãȻ˵ҲΪ㣬ϦҪǿԽҸŵ飬Ҽû˻Ϊ㣬Ҫûа취ԸңԺԼŰ죬˵⻰ǾԼô
ǻҲǳصģ⻰˵Ϧʲô˵
ҪӭսǴŮˣǲӭսĻŮˡ
˭֪Ҫ˼Ҫ˵Ϊʲô֮ģǱ˴˶Ϲ۵¡
ǻȥ֮˵Ҳ֪һˡϦԼҪ̬ȴû˼־磬ʱʮֵı
߰ɣҪҪôǾôû˼￴ˣ
ǿ϶˵ֱ׼뿪ǻȴǿ첽ס˳
ôߣղŵҶѾ㻹ҪǸɣ
Щŭ˵ղ˸ᣬûпڵǺãȻסΪƢôã
Ǹ˭֪ǻȴֱӵǸЩɵۣǱȽ²
˼ǻֻ˼ҲӺôǻŮˡ
ȻǻҲΪϦ淢ɵǲŽ˶ۡ


320 
ÿһŶȱݣҪҪνĲò˫ȫֻܹ⡣
ˣ鶼ѾȥҲҪ˵ʲôֻҲúÿЩ˶Ѿģ㻹ϲ˼ʲôҪɣ͸ɱǣαΪԼ
Ϊǻһͨˣǲǻ걻Ϧһ١
Ҫɡˣǻ
Ҳ֪Ϧʲô飬ѵ
֪ǻҲ˵ֻǿų˵һԸҵǸ⣿
ԣߡ
ûпڣѸٴӦ³ף˵һʮŮˣҪ
֪ǻʲô£˵Ȼᷴ
˾ͳȥϦɫվԭأЩСҪѸ뿪
վס
Ϧǻ˵ˣ˵Ҳûˣȴʲôûеõ
һеĸԴǾԼ˵һ绰֪ǻ˭ģڶûʲôϵҪֻһй;
ϴ󡭡
ЩСܶĿϦǶѾ뵽Ǹ绰˻ʲô֡
ҪϴҵʲôطǣǾȻôһ֣Ǻ˲ҪֻıǸȻҲǣҪѵĻҲá
ϦЦӯӯ˵һʲô˵顣
ֻһղŵ飬ͷβûʲôֵøˣǱ뵽ϦЦ
ϦЦҲûж˿Կֻ֪״̬Ƕǿ־壬Ƕ֪ʲô
ϴ󣬶Բ𣬸ղŵ飬Ĳǹ⡣
ֻҪ֪Ǹʲô·˭֪
˶׷׿˵ΪղǸ绰ȥ˿ѡ
֪ǻʲôԸǵҪôҿԺܿ϶˵һαǸ
ϦͷЩ˵Щ¼ʹûзȴҲѾȥֻ鷳С˶пܻ֡
ϴĲǵ¡
ڳ˶ʼǶҪǿԳŹȥҲûǵ¡
Ϧ˵ҪҳȫǡǼҲҪǿǻգҾҪ֪˵Ļа취ǵǰȥ
ղųѡһЩˣǶ֣һЩֶ
ʹЩ˶ǾѵˣǶûа취סЩ˵ֶΡ
ϴ󡭡
ȴû˳ԼĻ飬ҪǸ飬ǻ˸ӣ
Ϧȴ˵ʱѾ࣬Լǡ
һߣǸϦߵ
ҲǳȥԣǳԣϣҪҲĳ⡣
ǻ꿴ų˵һˣʳҲ֪ΪϦŮȻЩر𣬳ȴǸоһŮˡ
ȻֻǵһӡѣΣΨнӴ֪֮
ÿһ˶Լߣ˭
ô鷳֪ô˵뵽µĺڰǰŮҲʲô򵥵ŮˣĻˣ
õģʮֺóԣ˼ЩǾİõĳԶǡȴֹĿףǳԹǻĲˣŸ˵
Ҳ˵ʲô˼ҶԸԼ߳Ծǣô໰ˣ϶ʲôùӳԡ
߽ǼעĿľһųɳǸǻ׼ģǸϦ׼
װεûʲô˵һͨļͥûʲô
ţкҽȥ׼
ǻЦĳȥ׼չһôҲҪóܵĳա
ǼææʵôоЩԾ
ϴβǸ߹㣬ϦֻŮ飬˵˵Ĺϵʮر𣬷ҲôҾ֪һ㣬ǻһֱҪ飬ǻҲһ㣬һֱڵȴϦֻ֣ЩźǣĲˡ
ǵĲ࣬ٻ֪
̾ϢһǵĹϵôã˵ʱڳæǻ꣬˼ǻĹϵ
ڳϦ֮ǰĹϵôӣǺǻĹϵҲõΪʲôЩôһ£
ҵ쵼˵ôܻˡҲкܶΣͲκ飬ҪǲκϵĻ˭κϣ
˶˵º͹ǲͬ㲻ܹκϣֻЩʱôԵĽޣ
ҲĿԣһٷֻǲóԡ
ͻȻű˸졣
ϦϦΪ˻ǱȽ˽⣬ǻɫļ壬ìܵĴڡ
ԼûԿףڳǼһԼļҵԿףôҪš
ûеʲôǻȴѸ߳ǽŲʮ죬һӾ͵ű߽Ÿ򿪡
ôˣ
ǻûкɫ˵ҲһЩ飬ȻѾԼҲһճ
һ룬֪ŪһЩˣȥһ£Һһһٷ
ϦЦ˵һ鶼ûУһó̲סΪ֮̾ǳɹĵһҪء
ҪôҪ϶飬㲻ҪĻǱߣԼȥԾǡ
Ŷ
ǻ˳ֽ˸ߣתȥƺǻͶࡣ
һʲôô벻ףѵ˵ɣ
͸ղŵĽӴ͸оǻ겻ͨŮˣԸһЩҲʮףֻһֱǲѣڶԷҪʲô
ԷҲҴһкҺþ֮꣡
ϦųЦǺˬôġ
ȴ˵֮ꣿҿɲң˭֪һٷ֮󣬻᲻ᱻ˸Ůˣ
Ȼղŵóʮֵŭſڷ̶ԷҪã˭֪ᷢʲô飿
ǵʲô֪ɲκϽϾϦĹϵôӡ
Ҫ˵˶ԹʧϦţԼš
ҪôʵϣˣҲˣ˵ô˧һˣ£Կ㲻֪Ϊأүü߹ǲ㱻Ūˡ
˵һЩ˽飬Ϧ棬ʱͲȥҲ֪ǻ̬ж
Ϧǿ׳ȥֻҲҪġ
Ҳ֪ǵ飬㽫Ҹʲôүģһ׼л㣬һѣһر𣿡
ŭ˵ҲĻ
֪˻ɣǸʱҲһ飬뵽оүıҲҶôֻҪˣҾͿѸһͶȥ
ϦҲ˵һЩ飬ЩȴѾΪӰǿ飬Ҳһ˸Ҫ
˿ɲΪϻҪǾӽˮĽࡣ
ǣֱӸ˵ΪϦôԭӦҲ̫ڿǵ͹һЩ˵޳ܡ


321 ԨԴ
¡ϦͻȻӴ˵Ϊܱ𣿲˵ʲôֻҪСһ룬Ҷˣǻ۲ģֻǡ
ϦҲƹˤƽʱ˵Ļ˵
ЩȣϦʲôȻ˵ǲ±ɵ
ǻûˣһֱעĶϦĻˮδ£ҲôһԿƵˣ
ȥ˲֪ҽʲôƫùôûа취ı䡣
ֹϦԼԼһֱЩԱҪٻӱݣ˵ǵŮˣû˭Աȵùš
ϧһжѾһź飬ûпӵٻӱģʹ˿ҲС
㲻棿ͻȻðһ仰һֱǻĶҪŮ˱̼˭֪ᷢʲô飬ʵ
ĻҪǿϦ̾Ϣһ˵ͬô꣬Ҫ˵˴˲˽⣬Ƕġ
ЩĲͿ˵ڵ顣
̾Ϣһ˵ҪǹȥǾ˵ҪǹȥǾֱɢЩ˽ҪʲôҪǵʱҽͺãҸ˵ڶѾΪпܡ
Щ£жôĲֶΣɲΪԼЩ£ͿߺУı֡
Ҫ˵ˣҪĿҲ롣Ҫûв´ͻ졣
ϦɫЩɬ뵽һͷͻĹͷڷ·Ϊ˽¡
Ǻ滹Ϧµˣ
顭
ţ˸һ߿ˡ
һͬһɽһ˳ڳǰһɷóоֲ
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׳á
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߽˿Ϧһʵûκεı飬ȴһͷͻ

ϦǴ˵ǻǴ߳û߹ԶԶĿߡ
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˿Ϧʵһ˫ͬӥһɨϣ·ֱ͸ġ
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ϻ˵һȴϦӲ֪ᱻ˸ȥֻʱ˵ʲôѾûãǲ֪ʲôĥ
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Ϧҧݣӱֱϻ֪ΪѵʱҪ
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˵ϻȻЦ˵ڳ˶Щɵۡ
Ҫ飬ּһŹЩ˻᲻ң
ʲôľЩĵˣʼնĵˡ
ܴϻ̾˵ҪǴӦʱּңŪ㡣
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ǣæʵȻˣǵǺð¡
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꣬ϻ˵⻰ʱ漸Ķ֪ڷǰ˱
ҲΪʲôϦҪ뿪ʱпŪϦ
ֻҪˣǶҪ뿪
ԸܵϻϿһϣ˭ܵˣ


322 
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ǽãѾ㵽ж޼Ůݣ󲿷ֶԿס
壬ǿЦұֻ׼еģĻҸҪߡ
үϻѵĻǳƺҲûд
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ϻҡҡͷ˵ô˵ЩҲóߵô˳
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ϻ˵֪Ǹոߣʲôֻ֪˼ҪԸǷ֪
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֪ô׵飬˼Ҫ鷳еǰ취޴أҲǸڼı
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ҲЩ£֪ЩֻԼˣЩ±ȴǲòΪԼĶӵ
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323 г
ֿȴǴһôһֱڹע̹ûиоЩ˱ľٶֱϵ㲦ϸϸ˼ôһۼ
Ϊôɺϣ˶ѾĬܵĲֵ̼ܡǣ̫ʲôҪʣʲôҪ˵ǵ˼кܴǱǡֻҪٻӱϲҪôôǼҲҪǵĵز
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죿ô찡˶ѾˣһһһƽģҪǽ߸ˣһطô죿ҪǲֵĻǸô㲻֪ѾһǮǮڵˣֻû˱ѡ
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ʮҪ˼ҶһӦ㣬һʨӴ󿪿ڣΪ˼Ǵƻ
ڲڣʲô˵ѡ
ĳĸӿ죬һת䴦һ̻Ի͵ĵط
ʵϣڸԶһʱڲ˭˭֪ȻԼĿĵء
ǾĳۼԶѾˣϸûзĳǲŷ
λϰ壬⳵ʷĳոͣ˵
⻰ɫһָԱߵĳ˵ôֻܹЩߣһͲܹ𣿡
ΧǺһʮģЩۡ
طĹأǲܹͣġ
ȴЦϴ󣬳гˡ


324 ȥ
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Ҫ˻ɢǿܻЩ鷳˺ĻǾЩͬ
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á
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ʵϣЩ˶ȽϴˣĻǻһ˴
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鲻ϲʲôβ


325 ռ
ЩΣôϲĵļһôǰǾûи𣿡
װƵ˵ộҪȻһ̾ºһǾ͸ӵװơ
˷ۣţƣЩСҪǸҺһ㣬ֱӱЩըҵǿʲô֡
ǹеϮֻǲ֪ЩСûҪǻûеĻǲ鷳
ҲоԼôףҪǸղųڹĻᱻöƸл
ȷֻһŵܲôоһС͵ľ»أҪԺǾҪɱǹƶЩ鷳
Щü˵˵оطĲԾ
ɨߵǽһۣ˵ʵϣһ˵ҪҺʾҲ˵طЩԾҹҪʲô׵ĵطֱƽڿȻʮֵĲԾ㿴ǽڣЩϡ
һǱǸץ׳û£Ҫв׵ĵطǸɵǣǽҿˣһϡнһҪĲϣֻ⣬ǸղЩƶĲϣֻǻ
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ӿ˲Ǹоƺôƽ
ϴ淢˺ܶӡһСܿŷɽ˵Ȼ֮ǰҲоȴûнô졣
ǰЩĻǶǴкʲôȴһûУֻҪûг˶֪ڵƺЩʧء
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ҪǲţЩղڱըΧʲôģͿԿղжôΣա
ǵΣʮֵĸߣҪֱþӹõĴڣôһţЩҪ׷Դ
Ҫ֪ǹĶǵûʲôþȣϾĶ˽ǲ˽ҲԼ죬֮ĶǾͲ˽Ƕṩ
ǰԼĻҪʲô

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ˡѾкüŵĵطǾ֪ɽӦ档
ǺǣôͻˣǿҪúÿŶϴͻὫҸУΪǱ𣬲֪ûм
ȴǿǼеˣ˵Щű˶ʮηĿų
ǶΪʲôԼϴߣڵųǵĵ
뵽Լϴս΢ƽһ㣬ֻһѡ
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ЩʲôҪϢ
ųһƽһĺˣֱǽڵʱǲŷӦԼų
Һ÷ɽڲ棬ҪȻǹͷҪϡ
ǵӦûڸɢ˰ɣҪû˵ĻǿԽ˸ҹģҪȻǵϴҸû˿Գȣǲʮֿϧ𣿡
ƺֲЩȥҺԮ
һڴ£ҲϴûǸ飬ǲǹͷӲҪôһ
ŽȥˣǵûǷը֮Ĵڡ
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ɡ
ɽ˿Ҳ֪̬ãǻװƣԼİ칫ϣơ
վм䣬ĿŷɽǵҪ֪ɽʲôϷ
໢ϴսûдɣɽЦѾ˵ˡ
ǺǣûдAӵķɽҵЩҪ˵˵ʮֺ棬һԽȥAӵˣΪʲôᱻϳˡ
ҪAӵ飬ǾͲҪˣˣҲ֪ҪսҲҪһȰɣǮ򲻵أҪҪһڣ
ɽЦ˵Ҫ˺Ⱦһ㡣
ⲻˣҽһҪ죬ϣ㡣
ŷɽ˵ôȻΪ˹ɽʲôģġ
ҪȡҵͷɣɽһЦݵ˵˵Ĵ㡣


326 ƾ
ʱһɱϢ
·ʱᶯһ㣬ǷɽȴŵҲúȱỹһҪôżЩ˭֪ʲôģɱʣҲɱʣֻ˭ɱ˭ѡ
𺳣ɲǳǾ֮ˣȻ֪ҲһЩ۷ĴڣЩǺܳЩĬĬǲôǶǹҵҪ
ľӵɱһȽϵ͵ˡ
֪֮ɽɱ֮ǻһżȻĻᣬϻġ
ֻôһˣôأ
Īر
Ҳ԰
ʲô鶼ļһҪǶ˵رŵĻǻʲôأ
ˣЦеĿŷɽ˵б潫Ǹɱɣ
ʲôѵİֻΪʲôҪأ
ɽĲŪһóЩס
֪ܳǶԷ֣һ̬⡣
Ը뿪ģЩĿŷɽ˵һ棬ֻΪʲôͻȻ䣬һǺס
ԸԸ˵ֻҪɱһƣ֮󣬺·
ɽһ仰óЦûϵľһ
õ
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ȴ˻ƺװˣղǸоƿвԾǻҪװһѣ˭֪Ȼķ˲ٵ
ļһҲʲô֣Ű
ɽǸǾ˶ˡ
ǷŭҪԼ˵ϣֱӳˡ
ʵϣɱʻǺģǱϦǿĴڡ
ʲô취ɽǲʲôĸоų˵ˣôķ㶼ˣջǰܸ˺ֵ֣ܻᱳ㣬ǲûе
üͷ壬֪ɽô֪顣
ȴЩأ˱ĻҪƻ
ȻôԸϣԼ֮ǰװƹͷ
䡣
ͻȻ洫˾޴
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ѾƵǰ׼ãֻҪ׵٣ʲôҪ˵ģңһΪ¼
һɱ˵ΪѾָŸô
Ҫǳûлָͼŭ˷ɽֻ»ﶼпܡ

ɽһԼӣһĻڷɽ󣺡ǿıըһŶ
᣿
ۣżֽǣĻӳľ˾Ȼˣʲô
ˮƺʮֵҲоֻҪͽ޹Է֮ûߣǳⶾƣӦûбĶ
ʮУҪǿԿʮУҿžү㲻ʮ㶼סүŻʡ㶪˼ҵ
ɽЦ˵ݵһ¾ͳ˸ذס
˫һԷȻ;йϵ
֮г־磬Ҫ˵˭ʧǾǾ塣
ְɣҲ뿴ɱʵ˭ɱʣȻѾȥǾͳһ㡣
Ҳǣô࣬²ⷽɽ˴ܣҪǣֻǻ֮ء
Ƿɹ㶨֮Ͷ취ٻӱ˽ˡ
˼
ɽϹǳǳ΢Ц漴һԾһֳϣһźɨȥ
ˡ
һȭǽŵףɽҽźˣһѡһֱ任źȥ
һһץסɽȣҪɽ˦ȥ
˭֪ɽһƣȻһɨǧ㿪Ҫ׷ȥ˭֪ûе׷ȥѾǰ׼֡
ִֻ㵵ǣת֮УɽȻһŵҽ𹳣ææ㿪ѸٸϣԷѾأ׷Ҳû̫塣
˶ڶ֮У˵㲻Ҫ֣
㣿ЩȻǿɽֶжôֻǶ̶̼ӵĹ˫ͷôҵսҪʱ䳤һ㣬˭֪ᷢʲô飬ǵĳûа취Ӧ
ȴЦǺǵ˵ģʵҲ
Ҿϲţס
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ɽν磬գ۾ĹͳڳǰٶȼʹǱȳضá
ӭȭͷҲһȭͷӭȥͬʱҽŸǳɽȥɽ˫һУĴȸס
ꡭ
˵ȭͷһʱ˵ֹǷǳûɽָסγƾеĳ档
ڴʱɽһͷײȥ
Ҳ㣬ֱֱײȥ
˵ͷײһ𣬾ȻٶƾС
ɽȻҲڻ塣
ǿɵۣǵһο˫ƴôײеģͷ­ײʱ˾ȻŶײ
޷⣬һסȣһסֵˣȻ顣
ȿȣطҪֳʤҲЩѰɣ
ŷɽ˵Ҫûеߣ˼ͶԷƴһˣֻ½ļǿס
ɽҲ֪ʲôЦĵ˲ٰɣ
ǡ
ôܻڻ֮·أ

ɽЦ֮һ뿪ô
ԡ
ҲЦ˵ֻǸо˵ʤ⼸֮С
һ
ͬʱ˵ʱƺͬʱɿˡ
Ҫˡ
ǽŵעš
Ȼ˫վȵʱ˾ȻԼͬһ߹ȥ
ȫһĸ󻼣ôܻأ
ֹǳɽҲͳƵĶ
˶ǺݽɫˣҲ㣬ֻҪƴԼߵһӸɵԷ
ǽŲҪ˴ŵʱȴǹĶ
˴˵Ľųǵ·ȥ
顭
ֻǣ˶ʲô򵥻ɫǾȻڽŲȥʱ򣬽Ÿڱ˴˵š
ͬʱء
͡
Ҫ
ڿѪʱ׼ʤ׷ʱ򣬳ȴǴ󺰵ʲôʲôģˣʤǾҪֶΣֻǶԷʵ̫ǿԷϡ
ǺǣȻǳԿҪСӹѾˡ
ͬʱӵɽһذףذ˸ź⡣
ҿһоħ֣
֪һеǷɽľУֻû뵽Ȼлῴ
֪ٶȿ죬ҵĿأ
Ҳ󣬸ղŽʱ˳ڵһǹ


327 ȫ
˼
ɽҲû뵽ҲЩͷۣҪǼȥ϶ܾˣų˵һΣİ֣оô
áҲ˫ҪǼȥʤˣᱻ˸̵ӵ˶顣
⡣ɽȴ֪˶ʲôƲ磬Ҫǲӵʱпܻᱬµս
ûбҪ˵ʵ࣬Ҫ͵ϮңҸһ·ǰκˣĽŲȴǳŲƣȻҪͷɽ־롣
ҲǡɽҲ֪ʲôų˵߰ɣһε飬һʹԺҪҪҰǣģܿ죬Ҿͻ㳤УҪΪ㣬ҶûȤ֡
ɽȤıһ֣ǱԼˣҲԺԼԱɻĵ߶˵
ɽǴڲϵгˣȻԻбµ˶ȥͳرˣʮֵ١
Ҿڳе㣬ϣ㲻ҪʧŷɽЦһɱ˱ҪֻԼûа취ɵ
ɽҲǳû뵽顣
Ҫʵǿ󣬹Ҳ
ͷβڿʶ֮ѾǵһθоԼʵֻͣҲû̫õİ취ҪǿǲһһϦԸ㶨
ߺá
ɽЦ绨˵Ǵֱ߳ȥǲ·ɽº֣ʵԷҪº֣ҲҪǺ
߳ʱ򣬷ɽСܶɵˡ
߳ǾԼϴˣ
ǵΨһ뷨
ǺǣһҪǼ˱Ҹҿ϶ǲк³Ҫ£ҪǲǿԿģҺ֧顣
Ц˵⻰˭оĵ֮еɱ
û˸Ҷ
˶

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AӵˣĶʮĶϦˮƽˣϻ֮ǰ̹ܽ٣һֱΪĿ꣬ǵ棬ûвܵ飬ǵǣֻҪǲƴһжɣ򵥵˵Ǿһһ
ʮָӣ֮дżֵĿ־壬֪ǵôѵģȻôǿ־
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ͻȻðһ仰̾Ϣһ˵Ҫûв´ĻıɡҲ֪кǿҲ֪ɽΪʲôĵطΧˮҲҲȥ׷Ѱʲô
˼ǣɽˡ
Ϊһˣ֪Щ鲻Ҫô࣬ҲҪ֪ô࣬ŻԼкô
ɽһۣ߿϶صˡ
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ΨȷԷûʲô˼֮ǲŻء
ֻûпأԲЩȺ֡
߰ɣ֪ͺãһҪ㣬ҲҪô࣬ҪľŬŬҸоһϴƣٻӱ鲻һ㶯ûУڼҲûʲô飬ʮֵĲ
֪ٻӱ㱻飬ǲ赭дĹȥҪЩĺӶûʲôȫϡ
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˵ڵ飬ЩŤЩ˺ն˼ҵӡ
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ߡ
֪˵ȥǾͻпֲܳĻϵĽ⻰ϡ
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ɽԼİ칫棬źЦ
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Щ֮飬Ҫôһ¶Ǿ̵⡣
á
ҲɨˣȥĳϣһѾˡ
ңʶһ£һλǳˣǾүˣҲ˵ҪҪסǵ֣Ҫſ£Ż᳹׵ļס֣ײ
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˵Ҳʲô˼ǾҪȦ档
˵ĸ飬ǶھƱ棬ҪȲãǺҲЩѰ죬ھгģǸǻȾơ
ҪͣϹ˵ǣлλ
ЦЩÿλϡ
á
Ҳˣͽֵܿ԰ɣȵ˶٣ǿɲҪҴŰǾǵ˱ûУÿͻǰ쵽ġ
ûдôҪȸ
ʵϣڳĶô̤ʵүƺʱһ̤ʵˣǶ֪ǹȥˡ
Ҳ֪ҪǺͳã޺飬һҪͳȵˡ
ͷЩ飬ЦŻӦ
ôһұȽϸߵҹȥˡ
һֱ׼ˡ
ȴǸңһ£ҵһ˲Ρ
ʮˣ׾Ʋʮ֧ЩơƸǲ˵ˡ
ҪûţҲȲôࡣ
ڶ죬ѹھƵ档
ֻǣȴǶһˡ


328 Ů
ʲôʱģϦʵЩͷۣȵ̫࣬ӦûôУȻϦʲôʱĶ֪
סߣҾѾˡǵǺֻܷǲ⣿˼ҷɽ鷳˼Ѿ뿪ǸϵУôһЩڣ˶Ҷĺ滹пɽȥͼʲô
ڲ֪ɽʲôݵʱϦû飬֪Է֮ˡ
Ҳǽȥ֪֮ô찡һԵľߣ˼ҲǣСӲҪʹòûбŮ˸ŪǶѾ컯㻹ᣬС㡣
˷˵ϦһҲվ˵ۣ뵽飬ͻȻܴˡ
ϦҲ֪Լղ˵ʲô̾ϢһźۼתƻҵѾ׹Ǳߣ֪ôĸģһȥ֮һֱʧȥϵ
Ϧ֮ôżһҪһҪѯʳò⣬һε黹ǣǰ;
ʲô֪ңô㣬ҲǱߵôӣǵͨѶǱ˸ƫҲ˵
̲ס˵Ӷǽһ㣬ûʲô˼
Ϧ뵽ԼЩżͷˡ
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֪ǰ֮УҲ֪Լʲô
ҪԶͶǿǹĻǸ㲻ˡ
´κȾƾͲһõطҪھһû˵ĵطôȶǵ飬Ҫ
Ϧżֳ˵Ҫǳ飬Ҳʲôӣôż
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ϴʱ溰ȥŪ··һƵζ
꣬ǽҸӶ㣬ʲôߴ磿
Ϧ˵˵˻ǳˡ
࣬СǡϦͣſ˵
ϦҲ֪ûУûлӦĳˡ
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ϴʱ򣬻һ㣬ϰߣ³ͻһ㶼ϴͷ֮Ž
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鶼Щ죬֪⵽ʲôΪʲôŮô󵨹Ҳʲô޵£
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Ѿ֪Ů˭һٻӱڣѾʮͷۣҪǻһõĻ˵ԼĹͷᱻ˸Ūȥ

ôЦһЦûģһЦٻӱ飬ЦȻֹͻأ֪ǲǳˡ
ʶңųʵ
Ҳʶ㣬һٵᵽٻӱһջˮҪǻ֪˭Ǿӱˡʵϣ㲻֪ٻӱûʲôϵģ֮Էųȥ˵ҺҪҪǾΪŪңİ㣬Ա𣿡
һǱ˵ģǺٻӱʲôò˵Ĺ¡
ȻҲΪ˽ԼժȥŮ˵飬ԲκϾͲҪκϡ
ΪԼжôţƣΤСҲκϼŮ˵飬ǲΪԼı¡
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ףΪʲôϲ㣬ֻЩףֲܣΪʲôͬô죬Ȼûнˡ
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ǺǣҪƭˣٻӱһ˯ÿһϴʱ򣬶һػţ飬Ϊжôѵ𣿡
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ǿ϶˵Ǽᶨ⻰Цĸǻ֡
СӣҺ㣬ϴɣҵһϴ趼ҪųˣҲµò𣿡
ͻȻתһŤһŤģֵܶڼ
ģŮһ
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ոϦ·ʱ·ãֻõԸ⣬Ҳûжһ仰
ֻϦ֪ǳųȥġ


329 Ϊ
֪õ֮Ϧֹûͨ籨ţǸӵĸװʲô֪
ҪôǱûа취ҸѾٵֻܹųҲٵ
ܳȢٻӱãһ磬Ϧҿ϶飬νżˡ
߳ôĺ֪һҲ֪жٻ֡
ǵõǺı£Ҳ֪ʵôҲûпܻȳֽɱΪļһá
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˶ǳѪӢۣҲ⡣
֪ȥѾ
һıпɽˣİ
Ҫҽ飬㵽ʱа취Ҽ˵˵
ͻȻðһ仰ĵʮָӣһǲٻӱʧһҪĽ㣬ֻҪĽͺá
ϦЩʵ˵ʲôҪ֪ǰΪԼˡ
룬ҪҵĽҲܺãϦҲнϾϦܻˣЩϵ
ҿǲǷˣϲҪҪҸ㶫ʱֱӸǺȵĶǱ߷ҩ
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Ҫҽ϶ҵġӻѣڵ£ҪǸĻǻ鷳
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һߵĿϦһҲ֪ô쵽λãô޽ɡ
һֱվڴ߿羰һֱϴ裬ǲôȥŮˡ
˫ʮĬ
˸ģϦ˵Ҿ·ȥĵطҶѾ·㻹ûлǲҪ
ϴ˲һСʱ֪ϦȥʲôˣȴǸоԼܹϴˣƤʼһЩƤǰ࣬ҪǼϴȥֽŵƤƶҪϴ
ǲ²ϦΪʲôһ㶼⣬ֻΪ˿ˡ
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׼ȥŵʱȴǽԼ·Ūһ㣬Ǹով˷һݹĳűȥš
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Ǻǣոպͳ̸һȻˣʲô
úǷɧ˵óоķʲôò˵Ĺһ
ٻӱȴЦС꾫ͲҪǰˣҪˣҲỹˣԻȥˡ
ٻӱڳԸˣԼôһŮ͵ǰô죬ûгԣŮˣͿԽ˼Ū
ٻӱϣԼȱһЩɧΪôǳŮˡ
Ů˳ûа취ı䣬Ķǿѧϰġ
ﲻĵط˵ʲôأ
ÿǲϲ֮һҪоҪǰ顣
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ϴ裬ҪͣˣֻͣŮ˵ս֮У飬к棬ôɵɵĳȥأ
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һȥҪȥһҼҵ˽ᣬҵа飬ˣҲ㣬ǽôҪӣ̶ѾҪǻӦĻԼ˵㻹ˣ
ٻӱҲвֻǶԳֻ֮֮ĻȴǸó
Լʲôûȴʲôһ㡣
̲סֹվǻûа취ܹȥҲ֪жô鷳
ٻӱҷԽԽҪֻǲ֪֪
ñûдκϵּҵ飬ҲһæˣĹ˾ǵš
ֻٻӱڵĵطô޷Ӳ
ȿȣ˼飬ʱȥˡ
û飬ᱻ£ҪǸȥּңʲô
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ٻӱ˺Ѿ췹Ӷһ
飬Ĳϲ
ܵ˵ǲϲʲô鶼˸ƿصĸо
ٻӱȻû˵ǳȴǸоٻӱһƿص̫ǿҡ
飬ǲϲ
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ʱҲ֪ðϦǾȵ˵ٵ˭ţ
ϦѾΧ˺ܳʱ䣬ЩԾԲſųİɣ
ȥ·
ٻӱϦʵת˸Īľ⡣
һ㶣Ѿ²⵽ٻӱʲô
飬ǲô࣬ΪôһСͿԸŵ
ȻϦҲ֪ٻӱҪʲôȥȸ·
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Ϧ³֪һ㣬С
ģҶû㣬ʲô·һСʱ㶼ûлҪٻһ㣬ӹͷ˸ɲ𡣡
Щߣ滹ôڿţ֪ԼǸʲôġ
ϦҲ֪ԼղſϷʱЩȴǲ˵ǿų˵ҲǸö
ˣ˵ôϻ·ͽŮȸߡ
Ҳʲô֪ˣȻ֪Ϧʲô˼ֻ˵ĻȴŮ˱ߡ
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Ǻǣ⵹ϡˡ
Цǵһα˸˵ߣҪ֪ʲô
ҪʲôԼòðϦ㲻˵ǱҴȥҵһС
ǲߣǳߣŲŲŮ˸ɣ
ʲôʱΪеˣô֪
ٻӱôԸųҪ˸ȥ档
ҪǳˣͶ˶ˡ
ھǣ˭֪Ѿ
ҪǽûһĻֻᱻ˸Ц


330 
ٻӱ;Ŀųһ˵óĶЩС
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ҧгݵģٻӱǿЦС椣ԺҪˣҲҪ˭ˣֲǲ֪ҵ۹жôĶ˼ˣ
ñǺģͻȻ뵽һЩ飺Щ˾ǻƿҪſԳ¡ܿͻ֪ʲôģŮ˲ҪҼȨⲻʲôб£͵ҵֺ߳ȥ˭ҪҼֱ棬ٻӱԣ
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ģˡһԾæȥϦȴǴ󺰵żǵ飬ƻҪǰæ
˵ҷĹĲңңҪʲô
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ٻӱȻǸ˳ӻʮѣɲᱻһЩûסԼ档
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ٻӱҲǵһ飬ҲҪϦͨһ£ΪϴµЩĿܵ˵Ҫ㹻ȥȹסҪ֡
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һҪڻȥ֯ЩȨ˺ܿͻᵽУҪƸȶסҲʲô⡣߽Ǳ߸ҶţҪ˭Ҵ⣬Ҫԥҽ˸УһЩòֶεˣǴС
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Ů˶ױģҪǵʱģƽҲûпܽЩ˸ɵҪ֪һֱͽµĹϵʮֵĸӣ˭֪᲻ᱻ˸̼ʲô鰡
Ҫǳ飬ңһҪＸ죬ֻҪ⼸ȥҾͿԻȥҲ飬עߵˣҪʲôһĹƻǸҼ
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˿̣һլ棬ʮ˶վһ
ּҽᣬǸ˵һ֣ǵʱô죿ɻ¿ڳһЩ˵Щ˶ٻӱ׷ߣֻ֪ͷ֮һŭųҪնɱһ㡣
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ʲô˼ʱǸһҲûеӹȥΪǶ˰׼֣ǵ֪ĻΪǱߵġ
һ˺ǿߺΪǵļҲ࣬ͲףΪʲôһĿ˵ģ
ˣûк͵ھԼװķǸ˭ɻ¿˵ⲻǴԲǲú˸˵ʲô
Ҫ֪̫ӵвͬģǺͺ߱ȽܣҪǺ˸ˣȻҲܵӰ졣
ôղ˵ʱ㲻ھͳƫˣѵ˵Ҳ֪ЩǲûӵģҪȻΪʲôһֱû˵ŰҪĳЩˣڵʱʱֱŪǸһҲû˸˵ʲô
װķôĿź⻰˶̲ס
ҪûʲôʱˣҪ֪֮ǰЩٻӱСɫһǱֱӸɵ
ɵ͸ɵʮ飬ļʮǾ͵һѡ
ΪЩ˵жôֵǮ
˵Щ˵СֻһЩ۵ֶѡ


331 ı
ǺǣǵǺ˵ǵΰ飬Ƕˣб£˭һ飿Ǹʱ˶ˣֲǳ˵ģߣ˵ǣǶûд˵ľǣһȺۡ
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ÿһ˵ɫʮֵѿҪǺ˵飬ǶᷴǾͶһ棬û˸ҿľųѪûɡ
ʵϣһǰ顣
ȻҲҪٻӱ˵
ʱٻӱĹ˾µԱǸʱһжֻǸոտʼ˶ҪԵܲãƴٻӱĹ˾ȥ
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װķŭֻĻȴЩ㣬ȷǺйϵģܶ˶֪黹ͷġ
ûʲôϵҲ֪Ҳֻ֪֪һ飬ҪҪٻӱߵ֣ûйϵ˵ˣǲ飬ҪǳֵĻǵʱʲô飬ҲԼ飬Ҫˮ
֪ٻӱϵˣʲôͨˣҪѹ֣ǰº֣ô롣
һΪԸģһֱŷҲΪٻӱȻȴûнߡ
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Ȼڳǲһֱڳûн֮ǰٻӱ˭ģǶ˵ǽ֮ٻӱǷ飬鶼дֵ̽顣
ʲô˼ĪǹҪϷĲɣҪĻԺҲҪ̤Ȧ档
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ˣСû˼Լٻӱôܹ˸ߵģҪʸᵽ޻˵ˣʸЩС
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ӱȽϺãһӾͽּҵ˵ֻȴЩ㵣ҪͻĻǸʲôģ
飬Ǿıȥ֪ˣֻû뵽ȻһбˣȻΪʲôڳôһСطţ
ɻҪ֪ĶǺȴҡҡͷ˵֪Щ鲻Ҫ֪ô࣬ҪȻ׾ͻģҲҪҺ˵ԼҲ׵ˡ
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334 ˵ĵ
ԷҪ˵ʲôѵҪٻӱ޸Լ̲ס˼ҪȻĲ֪ôĵҪʲô
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ΰ˫ȴһ֪Ȼǳķȥˡ


335 ˮ
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ȻҲ֪һ㣬ֻΪԼŮ̾Ϣֿֿ˵ܽʲôѡ㶼ܹ룬ŮҲ軵ˣԳԵͷҲǺ顣
ֿһûʲôҸ軵ˣⲻϹͺûйϵһ㣬˵ЦˣÿһҪѵѾͷǰԼڻ
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ҿһ䣬úͽ±ȽϣһӵðʱڶųЦڳ飬ǿǵʮ
黹Ҫ˵𣿿϶ǽˣҪȻΪʲôǵûյһź˿أϣûһŮû뵽
ҪǸ֪Ҳ֪뵽ʲô鰡
ˣΪӱΣ޳ܵʱ˭ûа취Ƚϵġ
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ѡ𣿡ΰҲЩʧʵϳܺõĴֻ֪Ϊʲôѡô˵ֶΡ
ٻӱûпûκεı飬˭֪ʲô
˰ɣôһûȨûƵСӳǰǲоΥСһѡ
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û硣
ˣ֪ûмǱ¶һ˿Уһ˵˼СǶЩ޳ܡ
֪λǣһͿǺԼмƵ
ΧȻҲˣǶ˭֪᲻ǳ̼ʲô˽ӣ
룬̼ôֵܣǲģҲûжôķôܻгţƺ
Ķӻ򶴡
⻰ûдģĺҪ
ү̳ɷɣҰֿԱģ̳ɷɱĽĨȥǣһ飬ֱѹ
˸ɱһֱ֣ӳڳԷǰԷͼȥ̳ɷɺ޷
۴֮طĸĸûӡ󣬵ⲻ˭ĸĸ

˶һĻŭȻǶϲ̳ɷԲУǲǿ˼̤ײ㣬ǳײˣǶ˵
һֱǣԴͲȥ˵
ΪôķϻҪ˼ҷ̣
ڶżЦ⣬
һжļƻС
ĲҪ𣿡ֿЩϵ˼Ҫ֪ô˹ȴûһзһѹҪʲôأ
Ϊ飬˭⣿ƷƤӶ̧˵
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ҪӻȥֿͻȻ뵽ҪΪƣ亹ðЩԺ̼ҵ˿𣿡
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Ȼ֪̼һʲô˼Ϊ֪Ÿ޷⡣
ǵ˼ǹǰɣ
Ҫ뿪̼ҵЩˣΪһЩͷͻͷҲȥ


336 
СӣҲ֪ʲô˼ûǵ㣬Ҽˣ͸óܸеĳͷо𣿼Ȼ裬Ǿͼš
ҲҪĵŭйֶʮֵĺֱѡ̳ɷղ˵λȥ
žžΧһµȥ֡
˵̼ҲŹģ̳ɷɴ󺰵ֻСڳ˶ɵһ㣬û˿ڿ֡
̼ôҲ֪ҾСͽ̵ңҪ飬˼ҪǴ㲻ŪŪ㡣ڲΪ飬СӣֻҪ㣬ŮˣҲҡ
ŭһͷѵͻһΧ˶ҿ
㲻ֹڶһĵĺˣߵٻӱǰ˵ʮֵĴҪּҸ֮С
㶼Ѿȼô˼Ҫ˵ˣٻӱڳ̳ɷɵ飬ٻӱ˵϶ڶйϵ
¿ɺûʲôϵ˼ҪҲܹšڶ⻰⣬Ҫ˭
ҶҺô֣ô￪ֻǲҪٴһ㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
ʱһˡ
ôˡΧ˶û뵽ľϲһһ
ٻӱ飬ǳͳ̳ɷɵ飬ھȻǸôŵļһﶼˡ
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¶ûа취һ˶˵СҪʮֻ꣬Ѿվڻ۷塣
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һص㣬Ǿǲȥ鷳Ҳô棬֮ԸһҲǲ̫ԡ
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һѽ̳ɷɸ˦ȥɨڳһ˵ɽתˮתҪЩҪ棬ǴУҳǣֻǴҽȻҲйҪǲԸ⣬Ҳ߲ĵ·ʱ㵽ס
׼ˣϲĵطÿһ˶Լϲαĵط
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վסԭأͲǣƾ

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ųԼ˫֣˫һãֱֻץסڶԷûзӦʱϥһ˲䱻ɳȥ


337 ̼
ˣԺҪ˼ҵĹӣûʲô⣬ֻʵǾҪСˡһΣҲϵǣڴɼ°ɡ
ʴһ㣬һźɨ˵ϣһڳ˶˵ĲҽС
ֻǣʴȣȴҲʮֵĲ̡
Щһûսתۼͻᱻ̼Ҹɨسš
Ȼ˲֪̼Ҿֵ֮Ի̼ᷴңΪ̫Ѫڸоů
־ȫɫԽѿû뵽Լôã㲻
µĽ˸ž⣬ǺĿų˵Сӣ书ǳԳ̼һǳ̼ҵĵϵ
̼ҵļɫʮֵѿ֮ǰҲ̵书
ֻǣΪͥĹϵһֱΪԼҪȥͷһû䣬ǲǵڡ
ҲΪһǲŸҪɱ֡
̼ˣףҲǣͳ̳ɷɵģĺ񰡣
뵽ˣүҲģ
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ⲻǳģһֱǹµһˣҪ˵ˣҲֻо壬ʹǾ嶼ǳԿ
Сʲôһˣʲô
־磬ôҲĻ˰ɣǸպ
ķ˵ּ֪һֱڿȻԺǡ
ǿҸоļҲʲôƽ¡
Сֵܣȥҽһ֪㸸һλҪҼ֪㣬ûȥĻֻҵĹͷᱻϡ
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ҪǼ֮һŸӣ϶ҪŻȥġ
ͿԿ϶˲ǳ̼ЩļһԱȽϵġ
ҡҡͷֱȥ
оԼһ޴֮УҪȥҾſԡ
ǲȥ׷ѰԼʲô֮ģǲǳԱ˳š
ѾʮָӣҪǻô飬֪Լô
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ȶǱǾǵĴ¼ǣҪǲȶֻ»һ峹˥ܵĿʼ
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ףΪʲôԼ̼һô˱
ֻǣΪʲôּҽУ
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ҲһŸ̵ģǸ˱ǳʮֻļڳǰĲ
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ҵҪŸ̵ˣʵΣȻе泤ʮЦű㳯ȥ
Ӱ纮硣
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ôܣǸǱΪɨǧˡ
̼
ּô飬϶ʲôô
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ɡ
̸ҲóʮȥˣڳѾ̼ҼҴѧһȽϸߵľ磬ҪǼȥпܳʤ
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ʮͲˣֹСҲ֪ôģôôᣬʵ͵ľ硣
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ʲôǵǣ˵껰׼ȥֻǳʮڳǰ棬ȻҪǲʮ򵹣߲˵ġ
ڳ˶ΪĴ󵨹ƣţƺˣʲô
ƽʱĶôЩ˳֮ЩǻҶ˵һ䡣
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ϵɫЩѿһС͸Ҷ
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Сš̸鸴ӵ˵Ҫǽ飬ֻ¸ֱ˴ȥһ죬ܲл档
һֱ˫Ĭıܿ˴˵ĴڣʹҪⶼ޴֡
̸ĺģ˽յ


338 
Ǻǣɳ׳һ̽ȽϺðɣұϾ졣үܲӵ˵նʱ㡣
˶Ҵ˼סˡ
Ÿ磬Ը˵ģʮȴܲˣŭžү˵ȻҲ֪ԼľŸһʮţƵˣţƣǰҲӰ

䡭
ͻȻת䣬Ȼʼ·Ҫһ㡣
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ү˵ͻȻЦҪ˵ڹȥ飬ĺ޽٣Σôǵˣ
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ŻЦգ뵽ԼĽ㣬ѾDʱɲ㣬øֶηΪľó༸ۡ
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Ҫһһ⣬ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôȴ뵽ٻӱҲһʮֿɰŮˣֻŮˣҲżҲѾ¸סƴԺ˦ȥ
һٷСʱ֮˶ǲעɳϡ
Ů˸ǲⱻռˣһߣһұߣ˵ӵұԡ
СܣһλӦòҪðյ˰ɣպǲϣ뿪³һ뿪֮Ͳ
Ҫ֪뿪һʱ䣬öûа취˯
ˡ뵽ЩˣǼᶨ˵ҪһҵҪȻһֱֻһЩҵˡ
ǻ֧ģЩýʲôģѾͳˣҪʲôʱǶԣ飬ְҲѾźˡ
뵽̻ĻյնЩߺ졣
ʱ̻˵ѡһ޸ЩǼױ


339 ˷
ʮָл̻ҪĻԼûпܷչһҲܺӴ
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˶ڷɿĳɳǹ㲻ǰպ³Ἣҡ

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ڳ뿪֮Ƕ̲ס̾ϢǸһֽôһֽȴǧ
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ھҲ԰쵽鷳ʱȽϽţûȥ졣
ĵ绰ֻҪûнǶж֪ͨ˼ΪƵĵ绰ȥ
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𺣸ôһ֣ʱоЩֻۣǳȥôʱ䣬㾹Ȼ¥ҵ֣
Ҳ֪Ǹ𺣸ҪģҲ̫˰ɣ
ãҾ͹ȥԼƽҵ绰ָ֮һһص硣
صʱЩ٣ΪԼôҲҪʾһÿһﶼһ绰
ڼ䣬Ҳµĵ绰ֻҲ֪Ƿæһֱûнӵ绰óЩСơ
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໢ʮֵοʹЩɫķǶǽطΰάֵıȽϺá
ȻʲôǾԼ顣
¥ǵʿ˾һӾ֪֪ˣǺܸм˵Сֵܣ̫л໢Ҫǣÿһ¶Ҫ༸ǧıѣԴ֮аߣǵҲһֱõߣѹҲûôˡ
ⱾӦõõģΪʲôҪл໢Ŀľȴû뵽໢ﾹȻԵõ֧֡
СֵܣӦõģҲǣ˭ģЩҶסǸ˾˵ЩԳ⳵ˣʲô˺ʲô¶ȻЩĺһΪӦõĶӦõġ
Щε̾ϢҪÿһطôƽǸöã
Ҳɡ˾Ҳ˵͵˳ͣˣֱӳȥԡ
лǮóһһٵĵݸ˾˭֪˾ȴҡҡͷ໢ˣҪõص֪ͬˣǻҡ
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ʱһʲô紵ݶǶ໢ͨ籨ţӣǲʧȥ
һ໢ﵹˣǶ֪Լʲôӡ
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ϴһߵʱ̫ˣһεвջһλСѵǻۻǲģֻȱٶ
һȺ˽˻ңǻʮֵĴ󣬳ո𺣸æԹ漴ֿ佱¸·ֻǻûеȳЦԷּ˵ϴôߵôæô죬ҵĵ绰㱻ЩŮ˸ˣǶ˵֮Ҫһ
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ͻȻű˸߿ˡ


340 
Щ±Ҫ˭
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оʲôعͷһۡ
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ûпڣȴ棬˶סǲ²⣬ӦþǷǳѪľˡ
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վ߹ȥ˼ŮӶѾҵˣҪǻûзӦǲ顣
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ģ̣˵𣿡𺣸ЩŪƽΪԼǽԷСˣ˭֪𺣸תۼðһ䣺褣Լ֪Ҫϴ֪ʲô˵ǿ֪
ƽоԼѪ۶˲䱩ˡ
ôӵŮ
룬ӵŮˡ
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Ŀԡ
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һ𣿡˵ŮθУҲֳʲô顣
Ϊʲô㣬ΪҾͻԭ𣿳ĺܺãô죬ûһ仰ûУ֪ÿһ춼һŮΪ㵣˵ѵʱ֪ʲôоصڣȴûһ绰ң֪ʲôо𣿡
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Ǻǣ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ȴǸоˡ


341 ĸı
ղߵʱŻûйϡ
򡣡ͷһû뵽һﾹȻֻǶԷȴЩںڵģȻһȥطһڹ涼пܡ
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æ𣿡𺣸ʵõȻ̫ҪȴϵԺķչ
æˣǸط㣬ҪʮڲſԽɣҪҪıȽϺõĻǿܻҪʮڵԤ㡣
óһûмˣȴǸоЩ˰ɣ
ûеȳӦ𺣸ȴҡҡͷ˵ˣ㲻ҪʡҪǾá
ʲôŸ𺣸ʵʲô֪˶ЩԺġ
Ȼĵûʲô֪Ҫʲô鶼Ҫٴǲˡ
׼һ㳡ǸطһϵеĿսһЩС
𺣸ĺܴҪССĶͲȥϾĶڷ仯ֵܶĶпһĲֵ
ҪǾãΪмֵĶſֳʵҲǿߵʵ
Ŀڽ֮УҪҪɵĻҪа취ЩʽҪǰλΪǱߺ׾ͻΥԼġ
ڵгôãɲΪЩʲô
еĸԣǾֻҪҪһʲô˸ʩѹĻǺпֱܻʽϡ
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𺣸⻰еҪ֪Ȼƫ˽һûв鵽Ļǵ鷳С飬˵
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ȻǵĸǲҪȥˣһЩҲҪΪҪľЩ˵顣
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ڳ˶Ŀų˵ǱҪɫˡ
Щ˵Щһǲ֪ʲôôḡ𣿻УҲӺòȻҶԽһһ⣬ЩʱҲҪԵģΪǵǿ󡣡
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ʱҪı˸ΪˣǾǽֱӵǸŮ˴ȥˡ
ʲôҿǸǣܹʲô˼


342 ػУ԰
ͻȻоԼһл壬ǻɵؼʱ̣ǷὫ͵ٻӱĴϣҪɣЩ˵Ѿоʲô
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˻ؼңҪǻȥ̻Ǳ߿ֻ³̻Щʱ绰Ǵ治ʲôֻ˼ǰǲ⡣
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ЦŶǴкôû뵽
Сӵʱ绰ǵʱô˵ʤЩֵ˵Ҫ֪ǾһȵЩ鼸һźá
ҵʱ绰ǵʱҸոȥ˾ǱߡЩ˼˵Ӧ̻ǡ
ͺá̻ȴǺид˵ѾԼĶӣ׿ӻˡ
ң̻֮ǰѾһӣôܹڶҪȻûа취Ĵ
ͷӣʲôЦ֪˾һ𣬹ǹϵ顣
ڳʱƽǱȴǺܿٶȽ٣ĴƽģҲһֱȥϧ㵱ʱߵĲɣ
¿ų̾ϢҪǳߵĻʱľƿܲ𺣸Ȼǻۣʼȱƿشֵİ
ЩҲûΪ𺣸˼Ϊ𺣸̫࣬һֲ̤ʵĸо
ȴǲͬûжǻۣȴ͸һԵĹԣһ㡣
Ƕûжٰ취Ҳ֪𺣸ͬµĿ𺣸ס飬жٰ취
ʤƹĿ˳һ˵ûзļֵ
ҵļֵǲʵҲǻɱɱһ㣬ﻹʲôֵ
һۣڳԺǶЩΣôˣΪʲô᲻˼飿
Сӣ˵ҪǷŸ𺣸ʸ˵̻ڵѳ˵˭ûŪ
ʤҲ˵Ҫ㣬Ϊ໢ʸ̨ûˣ
СӣúԼļֵ㲻ҪԼûʲôãĻ˭ûа취ʲôҲ֪ڹ˼ʲôҵĹ۲죬ûнԼʵӳ֪ǲˣ
µĹ۲ʮϸоƺʲôڻѹţһֱԸͷų
ĬˣȷжѹţȥʼƲȥļ
Сӣ飬Ҳ˵ˣҪҪҪǿ̬ø𺣸һֱʲôҪǲ֪ˣΪϴҪҲ룬Ժô죿
̻ҲѵΪ룬𺣸ڿûҰģǲԺҲ
Ҫ֪˶ǻãʱ䳤û˻Ըһֱ˭棬飬Ѿ̫ࡣ
˶ҰĵģҪûƺ⣬˭˵𺣸һųߵ
ס̾Ϣһ漴˵Ժ˵һҪ˵ǱһЩԴҪһЩһ𿪷
δ̫ңԶ˭֪·;ҪûһϣС壬ֿߵ˶£
֪ԼһǳԲô棬£һЩ˺á
ҪǮ̻붼û˵óůġ
Ǳߵõ˿ȨʤƺǼ˵Ҫİɣɳζĵز
Сӣ㲻һ׬ˣҿǸ㣬ٻӱ飬öˡǿ佱һ䣬ͻȻᵽŮ˵顣
֪ͽµ飬˶ڹע
Һûйϵ˵⻰ʱ򣬵ʮֵĲ㡣
ȴŭ˵⻰ԼţҪΪʲô֪
̻޶ԣκϣϾôκôҲã˭֪ʲô
ʤЦпһĻҪǽַˣǸǺãô治˵ŮҲϷ
Ȼʤƻ֪褸ոֱӸһƣҪȻĻͲô򶨡
һᴦáǿ϶˵ˡ
ôŮˣʲôûǣȴǱôһ
ԼŰ죬ݳᣬҪ˼Ǿ͹ȥҪ֪ô춼һֱڿһЩ顣
ǺͷӬһڽ¾Ȼ˵µ飬һӾ͸оϣ
Ž˵Ҹô
㲻ҪңԼŰ졣ҪЩ˳ͻҲ֪ڵôãҪһǶִ˵ĻҶù
¿ų˵ûо˵ʲôˣڳ˶֪ڼҳ鷳
Ҫǳûͦȥ׾ͻᱻ˸ơ
֪
Ҷ֪ʲôȻڸ𺣸Ǳ˵Ļ˵һ顣
֪޿޶ӵĹϵ֮һ֪ôпǶ֪ǳĴ㲻ȥ˼ң˼Ϊʲô㣿
Ҫһ˵ǣ
ôܻ˵
ҶʲôҲֻôһѣ׷ʹԸ
Ҫȥҽ£ϸ뻹ˣҪ׼øһϲǡ
æµĳһȴûʲôҪ
һֱɱɱôҪһطϢ
ѧУϢĵط
ѧУȻѾ֮ǰЩô򵥣ڻû̫ӡ
ҵʱ˶ˡ
ҿô˰
һûмˣ֮ǰ˶˵ˣܶ˶Ҫ໢֣ҵҪЩ˸ôճ
ЩҪС֣֪֪֮󣬻᲻ᱬأ
ܶ˶֪ĻڳȴǻûЩ顣
һѾλϣȻҲˡ
һһţмǿճһλá


343 Ͱ
ӭһҲǸող֪ģһЦݵĿų˵
Ƿĵĸˣ˶˵棬š
㾹ȻˡȴЩӣôû뵽ȻҪ֪ǵõϢӦѾ
ҲֻǸոջѣⲻҪѧϰҾϿΡһЦݵĿˣǵжԹϵȻҳǰʲôӣ
Ŷ˵ķӦƽֻΣǾû֪
λϵʱ˶Ĭûп
оЩ죬⵽ʲôôǶ˵
ֻǾϿΣںߵϵǻҪ顣
һڿŵģ֮һϲЩ˵ͬѧôʱȥˣ
ʦⲻȥˣǲʲôŵûʲôη壬ֲЩͨѧ
Щãϣ治ҪŻҪϿΣ˵˼仰֮ͿʼϿΡ
ǺΣΣѾЩ׼ҪһЩɱ䣬ѧϰһЩûʲô
¿֮ſų˵һˡ
áվ׼뿪ߵĵһȻԸ˵ʲô
ѻˣ֪ʲôоͻȻŵһЦ˻Ůˣ£ռҵıҲȵһҲ١
ڳǼͣһ˶Ѿ档
һ赹û飬Ҫųȥ
ߵٶȱȽϿ죬һӾͳȥˣǲ׷ܡ
ϾŮ˻ҪֵģݵŮˡ
ȥ˶ʱ䣿ǰ棬ǲ˵֮ǰ˵пܲʱоԼĺЩµûš
ǿ첽ߵ˵ʱҪĻͻˣˣǴӦ飬ҿûа쵽˼
˵ȥμӱ飬ҪݽĿڶʲôʱˣﻹʲôĿ
ϣû뵽㾹Ȼǵ飡ЩȡźǺĿų䵭˵˵Ļɣ
㡣֪ʲô˵һֱֻʱΪ⣬Բߵġ
ãȻǾͺãҲ֪ʲôǱ͸þٰᣬȻӳˣھһ֮һĿǰ༶ĽĿǿ㡣
Ѿ׼ĿȴӲҪ룬ΪʲôҲ˵
û⡣ȻҪıԼȻҪһ޶֮ȥһʲôġ
һγȥ֮󣬳ҲʶһҪ⣬ԼҪܶ˲ţǹµӢۣǸһµӢۡ
ô˵ѧУҲһõطô˲ţҪһЩԺ·Ҳúܶ࣬һξҪعʣӰ
СɣҪҪӿ׷ĸŲҸȫҼȮǸϵոջָҪܶǮɣӣӰˡ
ͻȻԶ˺ŵüͷ壬첽߹ȥǱһϤˡ
Ÿǿ첽ܹȥ˵Ƕڸʲô
СɱһȺ˸ΧţЩ޴Ŀǣ֪ǵ˼һֱΪѧУЩ˲ôȴû뵽ջʧȥġ
ʦãҪʲô㻹֪ҪҪһФǿȻ֪ŮͶ˼ֻΪĹϵһֱʮּɵš
ֻҶţڻûʲôġ
ֱţŭФǿ˵Ҫʲô֪ѧУ
ѧУ֪ʦ˵ҪͿҪ飿
ФǿһЦ˵ҪϷԷʲôԡ
ȻԣĻ᣿Į߳ԷҪҲֻܹͶԷһ̣Ϊǲèɣ
㡭ôФǿ֮Ըҽ춯֣ǻΪ˵ѾȥˣҪȻĻǾǸٵ
̴硭СɲŷֳһϲĿųЩţΪѾȥ
ףǳ
ȻˣһкϷˡ
ߣҵҪ֪ФǿҪô
һʮָ˵˵ФǿĶԵùҲʮֵĸˡ
ҪҲڵʱʲô飿ֻǿϧѾûлˡɨФǿһָۣԶͰ˵Լ㣿
̫ФǿݶҪҧ飬֪ԼǳĶ֣֮ǰѾԹˣһεձضٱ
ֻФǿˣ֮ǰҲԸ˼ңֻǷˮתѭˡ
ֻʮӸ㡣һФǿƽФǿһˡ
Фǿ֪ʲôģֻôԸ衣
ʮһ
ܿ죬һӾ͵ʱ䣬ФǿתҪߣΧ̫࣬ЩӸһηĿųԸû˳ְ
㲻Ҫ
Фǿɥϧûʲôã󲽵ߵФǿǰ˵ע£һѽӽͰ档
ҪͰҪ߳ۡ
ͰһѧУͰФǿҪ޳ϧûʲôãû˻
ÿһ˶ĿФǿ˸ֻ
СӣҾ֪Ľ֡
Ƕж񱨣ҪôţҲĽ֡
ʹ죬ĻǳеЩ֮ǰһֱ˵Լôеˣǿ˼Фǿǿ󣬶ҿ
û˻ͬФǿеֻǳĳ
Ҹ㣬СãҪʲô鷳߳ʲô飬ŲڳдȥҸ㣬˭ģֻ϶㣬ҵţҪ㲻ŵĻҿ֪ҵ
ǿ϶˵һֱôһԡ
Сɲ޳Ǳ˸⣬˸άĸо˸ףΨгˡ
ФǿҲҪ޳ҲֻһŮˣСɵİȫ飬ҪŪҪлĻ϶Ū
飬ûʲô˵
ߡСˣ鶼Ѿ㶨߻ڵʲô
վס﷢ʲô£١
üͷһ壬˵ҲʮӣڲͲˡ
Ҫֻ֪Ǽӵ·̣֪ФǿԿˣİɣ
ؽڣ˵û飬ôҪʲô£
ǲ²ʲôè壬һ䣺ĺɰոճˡ
ֱӴԸ֪Фǿûʲô˸ǣҲôԵԴҪ֪滹ѧУѧָǱġ
û˼ĥ䣬ֻƽ³һ֣ߡ


344 
ʵϣղиҪסФǿƨǱΧ˸סˡ
磬ΪʲôҳְǸڳ֮ʵ֮ǰһФǿʲô飬ǶЩӳֵİ
֣ģҪǳֵĻͲһˣҲʲô˼ФǿҴˣΪȥʲô
Ǹæ˵ͱС
ǶڸʲôҸФǿԼĹ˵ĶѾǣղҲûһ˳סҪȻĻҲᵽز
Ҫ֪ФǿĻֻҪԼûа취ԸˣôҲκϣ
ֻûа취˵ΪӲ뻤ˣʲôã
̴磬ʲôʱģСһĿų˵Ҫ֪ѧУ棬żȻһЩ˵ʱĶҪˣôԸųˡ
ÿһ¿εʱѧУǰų
ֻıȽ磬Ŀγ̻ûϵʱѾˣԵ˴ˡ
ȻСûеȵȴȵФǿҲǳָղһĻ
ǺǣѾˣ鲻˵ˣû˰ǹĵʵ֪СɶһЩ˼Ѿˡ
û顣Сһ϶˵ų˵̴磬ʦ
һֻԼˣڿŻߣҸղ˼ҲΪͷôܹԶԷ
ҺЩҪ̸ŵû뵽СɻǵԼȻԿСɶԳ˼
Ҫ֪ôƯһŮὫУʦʲôģⶼʲôˣ˭£
ʦǶһЩĪſѾ֪˶׷Щʦ
ҲˡСɵĻЩϣҪ֪ŮӦǺ޲ʱʱ̶̿ͳһ𣬵ȴѡ
һŮӣŵ뷨
ʲô߰ɣѵýһԶٷ˵ûʲôſô赭д
Ҳ˵ʲôֱ˵־ˣĳЩʱ򣬸ɾģʲô鶼ҵĻʲô鶼ɡ
˱һǷӦȴǸͬ
һ˵ģһһĹ졣
ȴһͻȻǵһ
ס
һ边ȻӺ׷ˣû뵽Ȼһһ
ôˣǲʵȻΪԷϲٲ˵ǽӴûж٣ʲô飿
ǲǳȥԷߣȥҼҡһ֪ҪԼЩͻʧ
һ㣬ûп˵һֿЩ㵵˵ʦߣȥҼҳԷҸ
֪һݣĿ˳һۣ˲
֪͵һĹϵʲôǰڵ£Ѿ졣
СɲôȥҪǳĻֻٺͳһϵǵһĻԸʲôϵ
СɲǱȻóԷǶԳʲô˼֪ԼûпܺͳһǲԸ͵һһԷ
ɲ֪ôӣŵһ˵һȥԷ
ҼҶôˣҳȥԲôãһСɽ㣿
һȴǿСЦüͷ΢壬޷Ůʲô
СЩɬɻĵͷ֪ԼôᱻԷ֪ģҪ֪һֱû˵Լ֣
ŵȤĿһĻŮ˶ˣ鷳ҺԼͳûʲôϵ
߰ɣ裬Ǽһ³ˣҲȥԡź͵һ赹мϤ˵
ȻŶ˵ˣСȻܹԣ
׼ȥԷˣһᡣ
ֻոյǱߣȴڵһһЩˡ
Űعţϻһõ廨
ô˵һһۣھӣӦ֪һЩ顣
ڽһżͷʦͿʼ׷߶֪ʲôֻ׷˲֮ǶûзʲôرĶԾͲˡ
һҲ֪ʲô򵥵Ľܵ
浹ûʲô̫ĸдֻµʵѣ
Ҫ֪һӣЩ˵Ȧķ꣬ôһ崿ŮҲǺܲġ
ʲô䶯͸Ӽ򵥵飬һ䲻ʾͿԸ㶨
ʲôģһӰۣǼ򵥵飿
ȦʲôᣬϷȴǼ򵥵԰쵽
˽һķ棬ڻţԶ˶ڿ
һֱӰ쵽㣿ŵһʵǻ˼ڹĵһ裬ʵȴڰʾʲô
СһֱӳȥѸٸϣûеȵһ迪ڣ˵Сӣʲôģ
ʲôعЩףԼֻ飬ǶҪ棿
ŵˣǲʦ֪Źع˵һҪΪʦͷˡ
عЩѿ˵ʲô飿֪ʲôˣʱʲô
ߡͻȻűˣ˵ķŭ
ÿһ춼鷳ûдΪ鷳಻֪˶Ȱ˵˵عɺܺá
һ赱ʱ˵Ҫʱǳʲôûж
ʵϣղ鶼Ѿ֪ǳûпҲó֪Ƿ
ϾԷһǣһĻкܴѹڳԸˡ
㣬Ҫ£СҪǻɧ㣬ҷַȥ˵
⻰ǸعģҪǶԷִԲҪ֣ŪһˣĲҪôѣ±˸֪ҪҪİѱҲҪб²ǡ
ҪʲôǷᡣعɺη˵ϣԻסҲ֪鲻ôס
ҵҪ֪ȥҤӣһʲôоѾԵвҪǹعɲףǾͻ顣
㡭عˣָԼϣҪıŪôһţԼô죿
Ҳ뵽˲һֱţʱԼ󰮣ǲһ
ֻҪԼһƬĵ࣬ʱʵʲôѾҪ
عĵǺãȴǲ֪Ȼа취Ըˡ
˵
ߡعȴǲҺͳŶԣϾı²󣬳ȴһ缶Ĵڡ
㣬ԺҪǸҼ鷳ֱӸ绰ңڳУҰɵһҲ֪ûʲô˵
ллҪ޳ô죬ܵĶһ˿׵ģÿһ˵ԸͬǳܵĶоҲͬ
㣬һԷɣ׼һһֱӷ롣


345 Сɵ
黹û˼ãͱ˸ֱȥ˸ոܵŵ飬Ů˶
㣬ɧ㣬ôŪЩ׵ʵҪ֪ԷѾɧüˣ龹Ȼûȥ
˵عɣ̲ס̾Ϣ
Ҳ벻ףʲô̾ϢǺ飬ѵǱСԻסˣ
ѵ滹ʲô飿ͻȻʵѾ룬ǲʲôѱԷв
ûпֻǿų
»ʲôϵķӦʮѸ١
ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
⻰ô˵Ĳ֪ԼѾˣô黹ԼйϵԼҲ¹ϵǣ
ʵϣһʼҲ֪£żȻ֮عɵĵ绰Ҳ֪ʵ
ԽĹ죬
鱻عɷ׷ĵڰ죬ʱʲô֪һȺ߶ڷ׷Ҫѯ׷ĸо
Щ˵ңȻʲôøУʲô˵ֻƴ㡣
һ·׷ڳЩûע⵽ʱȻв棬Ҳ֪ԼǱ߶ʱ䣬صڡ
ʱҲãвûˣҪȻĻ鷳ʮִ
Щ߶ѾҪǱǸвǸš
׼ȥʱ򣬹عҲڵѰûҵʱϲˡ
ȻǶˡ
黹ļǵõʱعɵĻ÷㣬ģһף˶Ѿжˣʱǻĸã˭ۼ߰ȫû⣬ҵıڽ˸סˣطҲû˿ԽҲ۲˺ܳʱ䣬һƬطûˡ
ô˵ĿҵİЩ׵ʵǶԷԼƻ
棬ᵽ˼˵֣ļ˵֣褺ͺͮ˰ɣ
Ŀų˵Ҫ֪ǵ飬֮ǰֵǷ꣬Ҫ֪ǲ⡣
ʱЩɱôû뵽˻һֱӳߵŮ֡
黹˭֪ʵȴЩŭǽˣ
Ҫ֮ǰЩŮˣʲôĻǺŮˣһӾͿǾҪǽǡ
ܳû˼󹬣ȴôܿԼ˱˸ߣôֱֶΡѾȷСФǿ飬ı
ҽȥʿʲô顣ҪǵϹжǿŲô
Ҫ֪Фǿˣǿ϶ǱФǿǿˣڳطжٸǱФǿǿ
Ҫ˶һָʹǾͿԲ²Էʵжôǿ
ֻǵ֮ʮֵ࣬Ϊôû뵽ĻҪӣȨƵ˶׷ǡ
ЩǮƵʮֹ죬ȴǲЩˣҪΪʲôǶʱܾ
ҪǳȥʣǶᷢʲô
ڳЩŮˣĶЩ죬ЩϲЩǸӵĺܡ
һٷ֮󣬳Сɸͻȥ·СʱʱųʲôҪ˵ȴʲô˵
ʲô飿Сɺֹģʱ̲ס˵
̴磬ǱҪ˰æСڻ˵ˣҪæ
ʱûзӦΪСҪڹѧʲôģһԼǱߵĻôҪȥĻ
СɿһģΪԷΪѣæ˵Ҫ鷳ˡҲ֪粻ôƽҪΪŮˣԼʲôᡣ
Ҫǻ֮ǰô˵ĻϾ飬ΪҪųѾˣȻѾҪͳվһʲôҪ⣬ҽô飬ڶΣҲҪƿԼˡ
Сɲ֪ԼڳʲôλЩ˭ûа취ֹҪĲֻ࣬ĬĬĸˣһ·ߵ۷塣
ʹʲôûеõҲ⡣
СɣһֺǿŮˡ
Ů飬һô򵥡
ǣֻǱߵĻЩرҪҽŵͷǱߡҲֱ˵ԼǱǻڵģȻڶѾתˣЩһմȾϣһӶûпϴѵˣ飬˶֪
໢СҲʲô֪СŮǿ϶Ŀųʵ˶˵໢ǳģǼϴƬҲڳ߿Щˡ
֪ʲôİɣ
û뵽Сɻ֪飬ϸҲ⣬໢ﶼôҲûпȥԼĺۼҪ֪Щ飬Ҳʮּ򵥡
ҲҪ֪໢ﶼѾЩţҲпܻΪ໢ţʱ򣬽Լǰ棬Ҳǲ顣
֪Сɵͷųĳ޷ı飬ǰڵƺ֪Щࡣ
㲻Ǳ߳ʲô飿Ҳ֪ôҵˣҪǱ˸ŪˣǶǺܼ򵥵飬Ҳôࡣ
ǿ϶˵ԼߵˣΪݶܵӰ죬Ȼ໢ѾĴ֮һ˭֪ЩΪҪλˣôİ
Щ˵ӣǸûӣʤ
СɵɫЩҰףȻѾЩ׼ȴû뵽ôֲ飬һջǼᶨ˵֪
ŶΪô꣬˭֪СȴͻȻٶȿ˵ԸȥǱߣǳá
СɶѾˣҪ飬û˿ֹʹֹܹһʮ־ǿˣҪûԼȥԼҪ顣
ûСɻôľǿ뵽СΪ˸ĸ֮ǰ֪˶٣ڻڹѧŮˣǻһŮ
ԣҲ֪ǷӦǸطǴϴ֣ڣû˸㣬ǡ鶼бģûﶼǰȫġ
֪Сɺǿ϶˵ţҿá
ŶȥǱߡ˿ʱ䣬ڶѾˣҪǼȥĻСɻȥƶˡ
֪ʱ𣿡Сȴǲô룬ҪֶӦߵ顣
СҲûʲôҪ飬ڿ˵ǿеĺܣʲô𣿡
ڹȥǿ𣿡СɽԼĵ뷨˵ֻҪǰ֪ҿʲôҪʲô
ǣҴȸһ壬̵㡣ʹ֪Сɵ˼ǱܵҪŮŮ˲Ầ˫໥׽θв˿еġ
ֻҪ𺣸Сɸ˭Ҳ֪СԺ·ʲôġ
뵽һ飺ʱȥǱߵĻȥô㣬ÿһȥΣЩͷѶְ棬ģĹȽ࣬ǼְҲ͡
һʼҪнһСɣ뵽СŮôܣʱڱĵط취


346 Ұ
ԡǳǮСɶ⣬ԼһжڳģҪǾɳ
һ·ϣСɽһЩ飬Ҳ֪ǲԵʣЩ˵飬˵飬˵ˡ
СҲʶĲпᣬһγٻӱ飬˵ˡ
СͻȻоԼͳĹϵڷɿ
̴磬ΪʲôЩСɺڴĿųʵô֪Ϊʲô˵
Ҫ֪˵ĹϵĲô׽
ΪĻСɸоʱпϴ
ΪʲôŴ⣬ЦЦ˵Ҳ֪ҲֻҪһҷ˵˰ɡ
ⲻǳˣ˺Ĺϵ̫ĸӾһ˵飬˶뵽飬ϲ顣
СǲͬԵͶĴڡ
֪ûʲôϵҲȥ˵
£Ÿ˵ôԼܡ
Ҫ֪ڰֵ֮飬ҪǱŮ֪ˣǴ׺С֪֮ȴһЦ˵̴磬鰡УǸô
Сĺ棬һó˼ŮˣǸǶôƯ
оǳΪʲôң
ô˵Ȼû뵽Լôٻӱðһ䣺Ҫ˵ƯҸоࡣ
СɵһӺ˵ģû뵽ͻȻðôһ仰̴Ļ˵ЦˣŮƯ֣
ˣҲҪԷƱԼжôƯˣҪҪ׷㣬㲻ҪôӦҰ㿴ڵ˲ǲǾǶǣʲôö˸ƭƭ˸顣
໢ļһʲôڡ
СôƯŮˣ϶ܶǵġ
ֻǳȴû뵽˭֪СǳȥŮˣ
໢ʱǱߵ˻û°࣬Ϊڹһﶼˡ
Ȼ¸·ֱҳʮ˸ڼ飬ֻǻûҵҪҵЩˣƽǷβҪըѡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰĵ˵Լûʲôڼ顣
תۼ¸·һֶΣһӾҳôڼ飬ĵط˸װ˼ǵһЩ˸ȥ
ֵǣĺʹģʱϴٱ˸й¶ȥʱǻڼ飬ʱǼͷȴһҧԼô⣬ģĸӵһطԲǣǸң򣬻ǸһôֵܣҪʲôǸҡ
СɻûнȥƽǴ¥֪ˣ౳߾ĵ̡
ȻҲ֮ǰȥҳйϵ˶Ϊûлһһ׼ˣ˭֪ˣǳҲŻˡ
ЩĸǺڣʲôԺĺӻں档
һЩҪС˵֪ЩѵСܣҲýȥʲô
õġСȻҲʲô֪ˣų˵磬ȥ𴦿
ԡҲ֪Լߺױ˸ſڵǿֻǱֹˣҪȻ϶С
СɿԶһָͤǱߣ˼ԣȥǱ߿
ֱӸһȥ˾ͤš
̴磬ǳɹʿ𣿡СɱҪʳ룬飬ЩˣҪػһ¡
ϵǣЩã˵ɹʧǡ
Сû뵽˵Ļ棬Ѿ൱ƣǱ֪໢ǳԼһһŴƴģ飬г̼ҵĹϵʲô
мͥʲôҪǲɵӡ
֤Լʵ޵ԴӳԼʵ
ǺǣΪĺǳɹʵϣĲɹڣҪʵȴЩСѧ⣬ˣΪԼǳɹ𣿡
һǽԸˣһֱʧܣ֮ǰû뵽ȥô죬ΪһֱҪʵŲ㵽ô
뵽ҪԼץʱ䣬ӿԼߵķչٶȣʱԼô
УҪȥǱʣΪʲôҪԼ
Сɸоĵֱ⣬ᶨ˵һеģ̴֪Ҫôĳɹ
Ұҵĵ̣Ǿǳɹˡ
⻰˵ģҪ֪ţƺļһҲûпܽһиչҵ
ҪǲΣյĿʼ
СȴѾһЩ飬ҲѾĿꡣ
֮󣬳СɳȥΪǱߵı߹ȻĶѾûˡ
С߽ȥʱ˶Ѿжӡ
𺣸󼸸˵ɫʮֵѿ
Ѿ𣿡ڲ飬ǳ˼ûпܻʲôô˵ʳ
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飬еʱ˵һЩѾˡ
ȻһƵ飬ȴû˻ᴫģӽˮˡ
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ϴûдЩûԣģѾôõĴһǳ⣬¹ֲϴ㡣
ûдҪЩһһ٣˶ΪǮûԡ
ϴҪ㻹Ҫʲôģֱ
˶ųǶ֪ЩУû˻ʱ̳Լ󣬵ǳȴǰ쵽
䣬ĸ֣Զ
ǵʱĵĲҲ˲١
𺣸󿴼һĻЩӣ˲
Ȼܴȴôûе飬Ҫ֪һҪûúã׾Լʧȥģ
𺣸һ㡣
Ҫ˵ʲô˼𺣸ظܵԼĵһЩ仯
ΨҶζȥ֮˭һүЩƮƮȻ
ʱһҪǳһӶĻԼǲһӶôһλ
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еֻһСıơ
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ЩҶ֪ʲôû˻һһֱıߵˡ
ƽһֱڿŸ𺣸󣬵ָ𺣸ɵʱҲ΢
ʵϣֹƽ͵̶ˣǶ𺣸Щ仯ʹ𺣸εĺܺãǻǺһ仯ôֵġ


347 
һ֣ЩҳģǾҳûбҳҲûСֻϣλֵܣҲÿһζ飬Ҳ֪һڲʲôڹĻǶԴҶûʲôôҲҪ˵ʲôҪһ·Ź˾֪Ǻüβڹϡ
˵֮ǰЩǸɵˣѾһ𣬵˵ļ仹Ƿա
˵ˣǶ׼һ°ؼңҵãǲܹʲô˼Ҫ׷ĻϣǲŪˣҪȻĻǺǡ
ֱӽСɸƳֻĻȴڳ˺ë
˭Ҳ֪ãʲô
ǲܹǵģнˮҪʲôûУ
ҪȥôһһĴڣǲԼ
ƽ˵֪СɣֻҲڳЩһǶǲףѾ褲ΪʲôҪСأ
ѵΪСɵļͥϵԺʵС
û֪飬ҲʲôɵӣȻô顣
ˣɢɡ
ֱӴСȥˣҲȥЩСûߣڿСɵıӰ
ҿǸĺƯĺ͵ʣģҪϴӣҿ϶ȥˡ
ģԼҪҪֵһ𰡣ҲϴΪʲôӰƾԤˣҪһûŪãֱ涼֪ʲô顣
ߣô˵ϴİֻǸ˵Ҫн̤˼Ǿ͵ű˸̤ɡ
Щ˵֪ֵ֪ĻҪôݶжôĺݶ
СڵҲ֪ô飬ҪȻĻȥЩ˸úѵһ
𺣸󡣡ŵĸ𺣸˵о˵ȽϺʡ
ϴʲô飿𺣸Ӧһ֪ʲô˼ǱȽɡ
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𺣸С˵ǻǳųȥġ
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Ҳֱӽ˵ֱӣ֪Щ˲һʲô
СûпֻǵͷҧסԼ촽ָ׶֮С
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໢ǲˣȴôԷ书
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ʱǰ𺣸׼ЩȽ
һӾͲˣЩ飬ǿСɵˣΪܼ򵥣Ҫô򵥵Ļһʲô飬ֻ»ỵ¡
ֻȴǲ֪СѾˡ
㻹ҪֻǵһضѣкܶӿֲĶʱӴֻ⡣𺣸ڰ칫ţǿŽһЩļ
СɳϣŻŻΧƬƬ滹һЩŻ
ҼСɺǾǿ֪Լܣ޷ԼܣһҪҪŮˣСɵ
Ǻ飬ļϣõЧһҪ㣬ΪѾʶ̫顣
𺣸СЦҪȰ
Ҫ֪СҪ˵ĻҲ֪᲻᲻ˡ
ȻԸ𺣸ôЩǿԱͽ⡣
ˡСɻǺܼԼѡ
ϣһаã𺣸ڿһݼƻ飬һСģһֱС淢˲ţЩʱ䳤ˣǸǿΡ
Сʱ֮󣬸𺣸ȥڵط
ôŸ𺣸һ˻оЩԾ
Ѿ㶨ĺܲԺ͸һ졣𺣸߳ϢСǻŻ֮С
Ŷȥæȥ𺣸İ칫ңҪȥСôǲŸ𺣸ʲô飬ֻǵСɳʲô顣
ҪҪȥҽԺ֮صǽ壬СŻ֮С
㵽׶ǸŮʲôˣƽŸ𺣸ʵּһ仰ǸŮϴãԼСһ㣡
Щ飬ڳ˶֪


348 
Ҳʲôˣʲô£ֻû뵽һŮȻѾ㶨ЩҪľָƾͿ飬ӺܺãҲ֪ߵĶԶ
𺣸ǺܿСɣֻЩأǲ֪ôƣϾÿһ˵ʶͬҲ֪СǷߵ
ڳ˶ʮֵľȣҪ֪ʱ¸·Ҳǻһۣڸ𺣸ȴǸôһŮôߵۣŮôб£
ǲŪˣ¸·Щĵʵôûа취ԼһŮ˻
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᲻ᱻ̵˼ЩӰҿǼٺӣٵġ
ƽ֮ǰ棬ֱܶӱɱߣɲ𺣸СɸŮˣҪ֪Ů˿ǳŮˣһʲô飬ǴҶ鷳
ҲҪһ£Ҫ˱̳Ҳ鷳Ҳ֪ڳСҲʮֵ⣬¸·ĬĬĵͷôʱû˹Ƿᱻ˺Щ̫ˡ
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𺣸мŪ˵ѾСɵ˼ҪȻŲȥ̵һŮˣΪʱܶ࣬Ҫ֪һŮ㹻֮˼Ƿת䣬㹻Ұģ
ҪˣкܴȤıһ㡣
Ŷ⻹ʲô˵Ƿһ¡
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ڳ˶ǲףȻϻۣǻȱһЩ۲
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𺣸ղžѾ˵飬ȴûж⣬Ƕű飬ڱһӾͲͬˡ
Сɳϣɫʮֵѿų˵û顣
㶼Ѿˣ㻹˵û飬Ҫʲô֪Լô˵ˣŮôǡЩԿţ
֪𺣸Сɿʲôˣǿ˵֭³ֻʮĥˡ
磬鲻Ҫ˵ˣҲ֪ʲôԸˣҪΪҵģû顣Сɺǿ϶˵һ仰磬һؼҰɣȻȥϢһ¡
áܿӦȽСɸᱧ
Ƚ˸ˣеʱһὫĵ绰㣬㱣ǿŵ˵ģǲ𺣸ʲôģֿƽ˵ЩСܣúðסҪΪʲôѹЩ飬˭ûа취⣬Ҫúôǡ
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¸·Ϊ˵ǻгͻ𺣸ƷԼĲ裬Це˵ڵʲôأǲǵһϴˣ仯ڵһᷴأ
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á
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ŮѡǸʿ˫ۣӵĿСɣ֮лһݼʺͺ档
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Ҳǽ˺٣ҽŻԻʿ˵ô࣬ҪƽʱĻǹͨȽ١
Ͼһæĸһ˼гôడ
ǿųɱȥ֪СҪһЩԵģоСһҪƷ


обҪȥСɼ̸̸ˣȻ澭òãҲҪСôǡ
ɫѾԶˣӦҲ£ΪʲôС֧ң


349 ˮ
Щ鶼ǳԼԲӦþôһҪȻĻСΪʲôôࣿ
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ھ÷չ೬жǶʮСʱӪҵģȻЩӪҵԱô˵ҲǷˡ
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㣬˵Сܻ𣿡ͻȻоһߣĶЩյġ
ֲ֪ǲ֪жæҲ֪飬ҪûôæµĻǲˡ
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ֱӽΪǳģϾʱ̣Щĵ׷߾˼ǵ绰ҸΪǶ֪ǲҹġ
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ҲԽܣֻҪǳȥˡ
СһŮȥҽԺˣû뵽ôֻҾͲˣʲôأüŮߣԡպǲ׵˵֪ǵİĵ绰
֪˯ɣ㣬һҪȻ˯š
ų˵˯ţʶ֮µë
Ҳֱӳȥˡ
Ķൣǵ飬ǶǸŮǲǳŮˣ
˶ЩУǶоԼ飬ǶΪǸʲô¡
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ǽЩţҪСѹŽˮ
ˣղֻˣԼ
ǸҽͻȻ˵ղűҪæӵ绰ˣ黹ˣϾЩʱЩԽ࣬ǾԽ鷳
һۣǱעҵȻСɼģҲ֣ڶѾٵˣСɻûлǿ϶ǳʲô顣
ʵϵ绰Ѿڰ·ֻǵʱųûע⵽
ѸٺСɼ˼䡣
Ǳ֪ǳ֮󣬵ûʲôģóЩ㵣һŮ£
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ڸô죿ɫԼ֪ĸ˳ЩҶĻС죬˵ڳ鶼Ѿ޼ɵĵز
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ȹǸ𺣸ǣǶ֪ҪǻҪǳɵĻǲ顣
ˡƽϲ̣ûǸҪȻ˿̣ҪһԿ
ϴֱӿսôƽ֪ʲôѵôֱӾͿս
ҪǺ׾͸ġ
żЩ˻ǵġǿ϶˵ʮֵ򶨣֪ЩӦѾյϢˡ
ǡ
˶ڿųǶ֪ʱ򣬵ˣҲ£ΪǶг
ϻСܡ
Ƕڵȴ
ҹ
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⼸˸Ūߡ𺣸ƽ˵ɲܹܽľ档
ʹѾˣҪһЩԼ顣
ǡ
ƽҲ֪𺣸ʲô飬ֱӳֽ˸Ūߡ
춼͵ϡ
ЩһﶼҩˣһһЩǳ˴ȱȽϸߵĶɣ
ƽʵһ棬˱Ƚⶫ

ȻˣҪûпӦǵԻҩһЩĩҪȻҲɫ
ڼ˵ɫʮֵĹ죬Ҫǲ֪ģǻΪѾˡ
ʵϣĥһˣǵûôأصǳԵҩѾиˡ


353 
̾Ϣһ˵ʱҲҪôˣǾͿǣҪǸֳʲô飬ֱŪǡЩһﶼҲԿģһֱڸһЩͨˣҪǽңƻ֪ˡ
֮ԽҲкܴԭΪЩҪŪҪȻЩͨ˻ҪܵЩ˵в
˶ˣаĵˣʮֿЩͨ顣
⼸˵ų飬ûŪǣǲǲѧ
ֻ뵽飬ҲЩģҲ֪ʲôÿһ˶ĴƽǴ
ŶѾڿǣֻҪһСģǶȫûǶǻɣŶѾַˡ
ֵǽҪ𣿡ͻȻðôһ仰һƬž
˶룬ǴսҪƹģô˳ߣЩɥģ
û֪ʲôڳ˶Ĭˡ
ʹǸ𺣸һֱ֪Ƚϳ񣬵û⵽Ȼģ
ϴԸ빲ֻĻ˵ǻֵܵ𣿡ƽų˵ǲˬʳ⻰
ϴǸȻ࣬Ҳ룬ʱ򵱹ӱ
̸ֱӣĲǶǹֵܣ˵⻰Ǹ˭
ϴֵһҲߵһģҪȻѾЩһɵˣڿԳԵôãôõӣǶǵģΪʲôҪǣ
ϴǵϴÿһζԼһڿţЩСʲôû㶼˵ô룿
磬Ҳ֪ʲôΣȴ֪ΣȻҪúûر㣬һи׷ѣỤֻ̆ϣƴʱ룬ЩСҲõġ
Сܶ³ˣǶ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ǵȴʮܡ
ǶǵҳлɣʹһЩͽ֮ģȴûйϵ
ֻĬĬĿԶ֮˵Ϊһˣôû뵽Լ￴Ǹˡ
ֵǲǺ飬ǽ˵ģпܣǻ
˸żã漴ȴǼᶨһֱڿųĸ𺣸֪ԭˣӦþԶǸƵϡ
˭𺣸ϵó
ߵˣ֪˭
ֵʱǼǸƵˣҪǿԣǺƴˣҸоϴûа취һӦˡ𺣸СĿƽǶ˵֪ڼɵǸˡ
ʵϣҪ˵ƽѾ֪
ܶĸ֣һʼǾͿԸо˵ǿ
ƽˡ
뵽飬ƽĶЩԼҪǸƴˣ
𺣸ʲô˼໢ĵ̲Ҫ磬ҪƴһĴµĶֱӷƨˣ
ϿŸ𺣸˵Ȼ֪һɵɵȥųĺûᣬͲţ𺣸ôģϣǲġ
ܵ˵𺣸Ҳã˳ˣҪǻһɣҪôǺ¸·ҪôǳΪˡ
¸·ɨڳһۣĿնǿŷɽϣ˶֪˭ĸ֡
飬ҵˣҾģϴо̻ҪŪô㶼
𺣸ֱӽƳˣô˵໢ҲǳģҪһֱֵĻǿ϶⣬ٴˣǶҪݡ
ණģΪʲôԭȻ֪ϴǳصģ
˭֪໢ﲻ𺣸󵱼ʲôʱ㻹һϴ󰡣ǸѾˣǻͱܿյ˰
ϺԵ˵Ͳţ͵סӣʲô˵
㵹ǺϧҶϴ˼֪ͿˣСбҪ˵ôҲԼʲôģҪǴַӱŵ
𺣸û뵽ǲûа취£ֻܹԼˡ
˶ʮֹ죬ô˰
ʵϣںͷɽ
˫ʮֵǱߵ˿Ƕ̲סתͷȥǶڵ£ǻû˸Һͳӡ
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ĺΪѹҸ벻׵ǣߵҪʲôҪҪԿĻҺǻӭĸ㣬Ҳŵĵٴһ㡣
ն˵ҪĿԣôս˵ۣԼ˱˸ˣ⿪ս
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ⲻһ˵һ麮˵
ϣû뵽ϴҲڰҶΪѾСܸŪˣҵʱоʮźˡ
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֪ҽĿİɣ˵ĳԷȥ
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ŶҲ˵ͶͶģԺ飬ֻҪһ䣬ΪʲôΪȴʲôᰡ֪Ը𣿡
˵оԷͨ˵
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ҪڹĻôڣᣬطȴǸоԼбҪԼ֪Щͨˡ
Ϊʲô԰ӵôֵܣôŽط㻹ָҺһɵģΪǳ𣿡
һֱڳЦȴʮƽ֪ǰ˻ڿŶԷ˵ŶȻҲûʲô˵ˣֻЩףôǵһİףǲ򵥣û뵽ôּˡ
ϳ˷ɽĴڣŸӺĿŶԷ
û뵽ôͼˣ˵ģҲʮֵľȣҪһϲģֻû뵽Լһϲ
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354 
ŶĺƣΪʲôҵһ𰸣ӦҪŪңһֱǲϲ˵ϻӦû·ϣȻҵǺðһ㡣
鶼Ȼɲô᷽ɽ
жôǿ󣬳һӿ˵ֵǣ쵽ʲô֣ǾͿǵˣ֪ҹƴҲϲ飬ֻ֮ҪЩԼһأҪȻǵԲһսнɱ
˵⻰ȳȥİǿڳЩСܶ
˶֪ҪսǶ׼Ķһżһͳȥ˶ǵһθųսһЩȴѾų
Ƕ֪ųɱȥǾûд
ɱȻ֣ȻҲûа취أϵҲֱɱôһ棬˴չɱЩʲôĵǡ
һЩ⽣Ӱ֮ĶһƬطɱ֮
ֱҵϣɵһ˵Ǻð졣
νˡ
ɽҲ֪ҪʲôæϣȶסҪȻЩ鷳
ôܻô˼ƽƴȥطɽڿʼѾӵ𺣸İʾ
𺣸ûгȥ¸·վԭأĴھΪ˷ֹʲô⣬ûָս
Ǳսô񣿡𺣸е˵˵ΧһЩڱǣԷȴѾȫɱϧ໢ߵ˸ǿ
Щ˱ʮ֮⣬ЩҪºֵ˶ûа취ҵ϶Էǡ
ǶֱǹеǸطǹһĴڣҪû㹻ǿʵ컹ţȴпܻΪʬ塣
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䡭
顭
Ҳ֪һһóģЩıڣֱӵȺ֮ըˣûˣ˶ˣ⻹ֻǿʼЩɥĲļһóԼƵǹеӲǳЩɱȥ
ɱֱӺ϶ȭû뵽ԷȻҲһڼҸ֡
϶սʮֶ֮Էʵʼ½ȻԷֻһӶѣոӸסˡ
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Ҳһȭ˫Ǵѷᣬȴֻ֪ǱֻҪٶ༸ӣԼ߾ͻʤ
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֪ΪʲôͻȻ飬Ҫ֪ЩŶѾǩ˸Э飬һΥˣǻŹ
ȴôͻȻǸûһԤףȻ˹ơ
һҲ̲ס̾ϢһͲ֪ڸʲôҪ֪ҪжʲôģҲһ֪ͨһ£ǲŲôڵǺ˼ҶѾǣô죿
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ڳȴǲ飬Ƕ֪ѾԼ顣
飬ǾǱȥ
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褣𺣸ȥ绰ߵֻаСʱǷԸ㶨ǶҪƹȥˡ
һȴǺЩҪͶԷкô֮У͸𺣸һһﲻսԱʲô飬ҲҪ͸𺣸Ǳ˵ˡ
֪ǺܲǱߣһǻܲȥǰʹûн˺ġ
ʵϣҲ֪İҪȻĻճı£ʲô˵ֱӽСһĴڣҲǲܵ顣
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ϾţǿˣǸǳİΪĳڴս
Ǻǣʲôֻһֳ֧Ǳߣǲ֪໢ĺãҶȥǱסˣطͨҪձѣȥģʲô
飬ҪôˣǿųǱҪʲôɣҪҲЩ
˶֧໢ûа취˭໢أ
طǺܶ඼ǱЩСӸĺҪǿܵĻǶҪɵЩһˡ
ֻûа취ܶʱЩ˶ֻЩֻܹĵطһڡ
˶취֧Ԯһߡ
طƶĶС
ЩҲһ궯ģЩ˶һЩ׼š
ǹ

һ֮ڣԴǹЧ˼ҶС
˭֪ȴӰһսء


355 кñ
顭Ҳ֪˭ȿǹģһǹأһ˵ͷֱӱơ
ֻЩֱӵˣµǱߵˣôҵʱҲûʲô֪ҪȻͱ˸ˡ
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ΪЩͨˣҲ֪ô˵㣬Ϊǻһֱ𣿴֪ˣһŵ˹߲ˣҲûʲôý֣ңǲлᷭġ
Ϸ·ҪųôһЦݵĿų˵
ŵϵµˣҲмֳأ˵ֻ֪Щ飬ôҪһ֪һǿˣᱻڵӰ쵽Ѿˣǿ϶Ҫ·
һбµ˻ţҪϸŪзϡ
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𺣸Ѿ˴ɨս֪ʱʮֵıԼԶ֡
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ŷɽ˵ڶѾסʱͲôࡣ
ɽҲ֪Լ鷳С֪Լ˵ʲôôڶû
顭Ҳ֪һģ˲һӵֱӳɽȥ
ֻһӵǷɽȴüͷ壬µľΪֻһʼ
˶һɽƴ㡣
û뵽Լô˰
ʵϣǿ뵽ǶѾų֣Ҫʱʧ˵Ļôʲôý֣
ڷɽһǱվţǲõİӣ
𺣸Ҳ뵽һ㣬Լ˵ֵǶҿǸСӣҪˣлֱŪ
ʲôû˵Ҫڷɽʲô취
Ҫ֪Χŷɽ˲ٸҲûʲô·ɽߣЩŸǱ˸
ֵǶϡ
¸·һֱóһǹͳǱߵȥ
¸·Ҳһ⣬ʱ̣Ȼ˼Լڵ
顭
ϴˡ
ǹ
ʱȴ˳ЩǷɽˡ
û뵽ʱ̣ɽ˾Ȼˣֻֿô
ǶѾ׼ˣȻطǾͲҪŻȥǾˣǾͲͬ
ֵϡԼ˵ô÷ɽ뿪طģǽ˽ƽ
ôܹŪߣܹطŪҪȻ鷳ʮִ
ϴ㿴ŵ㡣ƽЩǹ֧ǵĳᱻɵղųѾ˸кüˡ
ġ
ţֱЩոɱ˳ȥ
ɽ˴һٸʣµǱЩסˡ
ͻȻ𺣸ֻˡ
ʲô飿𺣸ɫЩԾû뵽ջʱ̣ǱȴѾˡ
ϴ󣬷
𺣸ųڲǺЩƴʱҪǱˣֻǻȫûҪ֪ڻ֪жĦȭƵĿǡ
ҿ
ôû뵽ʱȻҪЩ˾ס
ֻҲ֪Щûа취ı䣬ʱҲҲ
Ժǻлģֻϣһμʱ㲻ҪôˣҪȻһĵģ飬һסġ
ɽǿģ֪Ψоˣ߲ŻҪ˵ģҪȻܻô׳ˣ
ɽһס㣬һҪǸУһڳУҪҵĻŷɽ޺޵˵֪ҪŪɽǲǼӾͿ԰쵽飬Լ˵ÿһ·ߡ
ǡ
˶֪ѾûǸᡣ
ֻȴǲżǶѾԽ˸㶨ǻ飿
ֻǣǿųȴʮֵĳȣǶû뵽Լ߿ô׽һԼŸ
飬˵Ƕ֪Ľţư
ϴûɣҪҪȥҽԺ
ƽųʵղڴսʱ򣬳Ǳɽ͵Ϯ˺üΡ
Ȼû飬ǸһˣǲߣܹЩطΪܿࡣ
ȻֹӲŵ飬֪ղЩðôķհǣҪǾˣǶԵ˭
ǡƽҲ֪˼Ȼᰲźá
лλæˣ飬ҪûиλĳǲһʤԺҳлλĵ̣ӦþʽӹܵˣҲұֻ֤Ҫλػӣطʲô߰飬ҪеĻҳҿԸĳŵ
һֱϲˣҲôֱӵ˵⻰ǳǵĳŵ
ô˱ֻΪĺģȴû뵽Ȼĳŵһӣ˶˵Ĳˡ
Ҫ֪Щ˱ˣΪĹϵ˷ûа취ԡ
лϴ󡣡
໢ꡣ
Ƕ֪ˣϴ˵İҪԺʲô飬Ǿͻȥˡ
ЩӱȽϴ˿ų˵Ƕ֪ʱ򣬳ĳŵһҪֵģҪȻԺҲûȥ
˵ģڳôˣҪҳ˵ĲԣԺԼʳˣǲҪ˵ʲôֱŪҾˡ
˵˵ĻǾôҪ
ߡ
˵ֱ֮ˣΪ𺣸ǱѾڵż׷ǣ˭֪᲻ʲôӰ죿
λڡ
һȺ̧Щ߾ֱˡ
Щ˵˵ǰõıȽϲǸǱƽֱӴ˫Ⱥ˫֡
ûа취ôˣ˭֪᲻ʲôֶΣ
Щûᣬڶ֪жٸվ˭Щ飿
ҵǾûģҲ˻ᰲźá
Ҫʲô鶼µĻǾûʲôϣˡ
ϴڸô찡ƽųʵǶһ棬ҪֱӶһ֣ǿ϶׾ͻᱻ˸Ū
ֱһˮ⣬һôܹŵˡǸѾе˵ĶģҪôͻȻҲԴһ㣬ֻǸûлᷴΪʤ
֪ɽôԼôĶ
ǹе
һЩɽ
ҪĶɽǱ߶С


357 غ
á˶֪Ϊʡ
ƽôȽ͵ҽԺȥɣƽʵղڴսʱǱУƽҲò˶٣ɽʵǱȳ̫ࡣ
ûʲô飬ֻҪϢһʱͺáƽȻ֪ԼôãڴҶôæȻ˵Ļ
ȥҽԺ鲻ܹţҪ֮󣬻оҪСɵ͵ϮΥǸԼǲô˵黹𣬷ôǶе
һЩ鶼˼ģȻʲô֪͸ҪȻ⡣
ǶʲôֻȴǻЩġ
ŵ˶Ѿ·ϣҪûдã׾ͱ˸
ϴĺˣǵ˶ѾźˣǷɢ뿪ߵĶС·ǲЩҲЩŵģĻǶǳʲô飬Ҳûа취
𺣸Ѿ˰ţ¸·һ·ţ³֮ûа취
ȻǱŵĳȥΪǱ·ſ㹻İȫС
ҷģ鷳ˡͻȻЩǸ˵֪ԼôͻȻҲǺǱҪǹͨһ£ĸá
飬Ƕ֪ô˵
Ҫ֪ĺԣҪǵٶȱȽϺãǵһĻǽᷢʲô飬û֪
ǵĺܲôһϴ󣬵һҪ˵һ㣬ˣ˲ٻǧ꣬һˣҪ
Ȼ֫ϣһĺӣ£ôûнгһ仰Щ˲
Ҳӣֻǵˣֻܹ
ҽҲôͻȻģϣҪô֣ҸͲҪ߶֣ЩŶûҪȻĻǽսֻ²ô򵥰ɣ
˵ԼĽңҪٶȹ죬ǱҲǷ˾衣
ҪȻĴսпܻһƬطὫŸǣ飬ǶѾĺס
ϳĬˣҲ֪ҪԼôĴ⣬鶼
ֻʱ̣˵Щ鶼Ѿˡ
ܿܣѾ׼Լˡ
ĺܿ죬һӾ͵˳ˮ⡣
ϴһ᲻ȾǺȵˮԴʱƽ˵һЦĻǲǵˮⱻȾʲôģ±˸֣Ͼʱôڣ˭֪û¼ʲô
Ҫı˸¼Ƶʱһﱻ˸ֻ֣д鷳
ҲģҪ飬ǾǽŪĳʧǣŪ㻯ѧƷʱֱӽ˼Ͳ֪Ĵڡ
ڲ뵽һ飬Ҫںˮ棬Ժһﻹǻᱻ˸ҳ
ʱʲôпܻᱻ˸ҳΨн˸׷ġ
𺣸һ˵ҿ԰쵽ڿȥ㻯ѧƷһ¾ͿԽŪʲô󻼡
Сһ㡣Ÿ𺣸˵涼Щң¸𺣸ʲô顣
ǻǵСҪҪһƵֱһ仰ɱĺˡϵʮֵĴ֪ԼҪˣǻһ㣬ҲԼļ˻ᱻҪȻĻǺп˶ɵ
֪ʲô࣬ǶһԵ˵ļնɱ
飬Ҫһʼ˵ĻǶûʲô˵˵ϵƣûа취˵ף飬һǲ롣
˵ϵǸͲô⣬ֻҪԽ˸ɵһжǺ顣
Ͼ֪ˣʱм߹
Ƕʱʱ˳Բʲô򵥵ˣпǵĵˣǶ֪Щôҵǵġ
þòˡ
û뵽˾ȻǺ־ǿʲôͷԼĵ˰ɣ
˺ôҲһιϵڣ𺣸ɫѿΪϴǺ־ǿ
ʱԷôһȺǹ֧ǣǻʲôý֣
־ǿҪƴ
𺣸ź־ǿ˵ʲôɿƵأԲſ˵ֻҪԷͷ͵ʲôûз
ֻ飬ȴЩѡ
־ǿ˵𺣸㲻Ҫô嶯ôҲѲǣѾϴ󣬵һǺʶġ
ϴ󣿡û뵽һл仯ô죬ڵ飬ֻǸӵĸӣҪ֪Ǻ໢ڵжԹϵ
ô㲻֪ҿʮ㣬ʱҵʱ֮ûм㣬ΪҪԼúùԼӣȴΣҲףһŶңңҪҪɣǾҪΪԼɣûѡֻܹ
־ǿ⻰ó棬Ǹһﵽʲôջôһˣ
ͻȻԳ̹ЩȤǻûкǸһ档
ڳҪʲôҪҪսĻҵһ꣬ҲԲݡЩ˶Ѿóǹ֧Ц
ڵ£ƽҪǱȽѵ顣
飬˶֪
û˺ʲôڵһʱѾ뵽飬ֻȴû뵽ôѡ
ôǵѰɣôܻôûԵ飿ֻҪǣҪˣǽ˸ңһж˵ֻǹ˵ģô˵ҲЩôҪǱŪˣһǺġ
־ǿų˵˼ҲԣֻҪôһˣ϶ԺĲвֻҪôһڣʱʵһײ㡣
̾Ϣһ֪Ѿûа취ѡ
áʮƽŶԷ˵ѾʤˣҿԽ㣬һҪߣԴӦɣҳҲ
֪ҪԼûߣǺ׾ͻᱻ˸Ƶ
Ȼû⣬Ҫɱ㣬ҲңҲ֪˱ȽϵСҿûа취Գ̼ҵıЩŮˣǵҲʲôСƣҿɲô졣
־ǿȴǺܹóߣֻĿֻһѡ
˵ߣҽȣҪһһΪǱ𡣡
û˶ԳĻﷴУΪʵĻûжԸΪԼµıֻгһ˲ǽ¸ˡ
ϴҪȫҪ飬Ҹұ֤ʹʯ٣־ǿҲûкý֡
𺣸û˵ʲôһ仰ȴصԣЩʱ˼пҪƳģҲ֡
ûκεվԭء
һһڵȴԼˡ
ϣû뵽ôͼˣֻһǼʱ㻹緢ֻȴôһģЩҲǹݶģȻ֫ˡ
־ǿ̾Ϣһʮֵϧһ㡣
Թۣ֪ԷֻΪ˻ȡϵĺøаɣ
˿ԻţǾûж˿ȥ
ӦҲѡɣ


358 
־ǿһֱΪֻһ־ˣҷҰĵˣҪûĻıӦûһɣҪȻˣôţôȵĻš
ȴǿź־ǿЦΪһֱо־ǿЩ죬ȴҲûʲô취ҵԷĹ֮׶Է֮Ե־ҲΪݷѡ
־ǿҰ̫ôһֱݷΪľǵȵһʵʱ֣飬Ҳûʲô⣬˶ҪҰģҪҰĶûǻˣ
Ǹо󣬺־ǿ˼ǴӺǰѾʼеˣ
ֻ˭ںһֱֺ֧־ǿӻ
벻飬ǽ˽־ǿЩСܶˣ鵹ǱȽϼ򵥡
Ͽų˵ȷҽ
Ҳ֪ʲô˼Ҫ֪ϣ·һҪǸź־ǿĻϻһ·
־ǿǸоʲôȴǲ⣬ЩõˣˣҪûеõҲһˣôȻ
ҪϣֻЩģҲ˵ˡ
Ͽų˵ҡҡͷϸڵϣ㳯ԶȥǲԼ߻ᱻ˸ʲôġ
бԼˣǻûгǷɽڳطǶûа취Գ֣ʵ԰
ϴҪҪŪһ׵ʱ򣬺־ǿһ˵ǹڶѾų
ֻҪһ£һжı䡣
㿴ûУ־ǿЦҪŪǿϧǸûа취ҪȻĻеľƶͬ
ϴ˿Աӵ𣿿ǣҲװûı°ɣЩĵ˵
ˣҲҪôֲ࣬ǲ֪ϴжûдģҪôŪǸһĻǸղѾǸɵˣֻΪһЩ飬Ǹûа취Ū
Ǻ־ǿһç˵ģһֱҪŪϧһֱûа취
ˣȥ˸ùֻҪˣСӣǵʱǾͿԺˣ滹вٵҪľǽЩǣ
־ǿ˼ܴ󣬴һЩ˶ûа취⡣
ֻһڡ
ǡçֱӽϸŹȥģһ
һ裬ڳܿܣҲֻܹ͡
ô㻹ǲҸ㣬㶼ѾǽҪôôҪȻĻǿçǿϣ˵ŸǸ˶ԷһȭͷҪԼղŵԹйϵϡ
־ǿһĻ΢΢üȴʲôû˵
϶飬ȴûᣬǿԶһڴ
Цʲôǻǵһ˸ᣬûһʹ෴ЦˣçһȭǲˬԷ̬ȡ
ǺǣЦʲôȻЩ棬ղҪں־ǿϣвǣҵҪʣ־ǿôѡ񰡣
˲֪ȴǺֻҪץסǵķ֮һĽɽֻҪڣ˶ʲô״̬£ź
϶Щףֵ
ֻǷֵòֵãǶÿ˵ļֵ۶ѡ
ϺԸ𺣸ĺܺãϴ󣬶ѵãڴո𺣸ѵʱ򣬳ʲôģ
ϲˣӪ棬ͲʲôвˣҲǺ־ǿҪԭΪֻſԿƣ˸ûа취
ǺǣҺ־ǿֵܣʲôģĲҪԼ˵˶ĺãֻЩף㲻ԺҪ֪ڶѾҵϣҪҪŪ㣬Ǻ׵顣һа취
־ǿʮֺ棬ϵ̬ôôãʮֵĲѧѵԷʲô׼
ҪеĻôͱŪˣ
ʲôõģЩ֪Ҳ֪㽫ҸһŪţҪô㽫ҸˣһҶˡ
Ϻе˵־ǿû뵽ϵ̬ôá
־ǿûҪôϣΪҪõˡ
ЦеĿçǳçҪŪϣֻҲ֪ԼܹԼϴ飬ˡ
ֻȭͷȴֱӳϴȥҪ֪ڵľʲôġ
һ֮ҵ˸𺣸ǣǶѾ׼ˣһг׷ǾͿ쭣ҪûеĻǾ͵ų
ϴˡƽȿ˳ʮֵļ
ȴʮֵܣһΣϴ£ȴˣ˵һֳ顣
Ļ£ʹǳ裬ǶҪš
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ҿһƽ
ϴûɣ𺣸ϸųʵ³ʲô飬Ҫ֪ǵĶǼ尾
˵𺣸֪ԼͳһطǾǿΪ˻ȥ˭ûа취ѧϰ
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֪ӦҲģҪǻߣʱ׷ˣǲҪƽҲ֪һ㣬æ
ֱȥҽԺи𺣸һ㣬ȥţҪʲô֪ͨҡҲЩԲϵƣҪҸطϢһ¡
ȥҽԺȽϺʡ
ǡ𺣸ûʲôԹԣƽͳѾˣҪֵĻǵʱֻǻᱻ˸ˡ
ܿ͵ҽԺǱߣƽһסԺˣǱ𺣸󿪻ȥ
ô㣿ڲŵʱһʿ˿ڡ
ЩطˣǱɽġ
ǲǼû뵽ǸոռĻʿȻֳˣֻԷҲĺܣʱ򣬻ϰࡣ
ûСֻóû뵽ǣǸʿȴæ˵̬֮жһЩš
Էôһ飬ͻȻ뵽ˣԼļˡ
֪Ůʲô˰ǿ϶ǼҲ֪ʿΪʲôôţǿŶԷ˵
ûС
ʿæҡͷ˵漴ų˵ɺˣҸ㴦˿ڣǸͬҪסԺƼ죬ѾˣǴˣʲô˰
ʿʮֺ棬ȴһӾͿŻʿ˵ǿ϶ǲ֮ǰչ˹ң
ƽǷֿסԺģͲ֪ʿΪʲô֪ͬ飬ⶼС飬ǣԷǲǺӴ
Ҳո뵽һʱסԺˣȷлʿչ˹ǲ֪ǲǰ
ǸǲʶͻȻ׶ԷΪʲôԸ˵ʶˣϾһε飬˴˶ʲôĻ䡣
ʮֵΣǳǵõ顣


359 ʤԼ
ʶԼѩЩңϾͳǵ˵ʶʱȴҪŪб仯֪
ʱմմϲΪԼǺܲ顣
ǲʶѩЩҧгݵ˵̶ѾΪôܵ飬㾹ȻҲʶǺãȻʶ̾㲻ʶף飬ԼŰ졣
ѩһ뵽ˣڶѾıôԸ
Ŷ鷳ˡ
ƱǲҪסԺʲôģΪͼ徻ֱӸǱǮȥ˵ҪסԺһ죬ʲô˵ģ˼ҽԺҲǮҪ
ڻôĿղԳסˡ
ڳϵƣҽԺ϶ҪһµģҪȻʲô飬Ƕһа취ã飬ǿɲ
㲻Ҫϰ·ѵѩų˵ı࣬·Ҫס
Ҳûʲôֱϰ·һļ¶
ҿһﾹȻһЩ£ֻһ϶ŮˣҪȻôô˰̣Ķпܡ
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֪ʲôֻǾĵȴ⻤ʿæҩơ
طûôһ񣬵ΪĹϵֱӱŴ
ֻǣȴǳεĿʼ
ֻһͨϴʲôģѩȴֱ˫ˮ㶨
ҿ
ǲ뺰оԼϵʹĲ˵ĺһ䣬㵽ôİ
ֻҲ֪Լܹʣ˼ҶԼ飬Լʲô
ѩų˵Щ䡣
ˣѩֱ˫ˮ˿ڣʹݶ
̲סð֣ѩһҿ
ûеʱ򣬳ģ֪ԼûʲôȴǶѩĪΡ
Ҫ˵ʲôѩųʵûе˵ּ꣬ðһ䣺ôˣЩ˵飬Ҳо𣿡
ôˣ֪ԼʲôʲôûоԼ޹
ߡѩȴʲô˵ֻǸΪҩóЩʹ
ΪԼǺӣѹ֮£оԼֻһС˶ѡ
˭˿ڱŮ࣬ûʲôʹİ
ô򶨣嶼Ҫˡ
飬ǲٵĺܡ
Ůֻƽ㲻ҪҺ𣿡Ů˵ǰʾͺˣ㲻Ҫô֡
ֻǳĻȴʲôûеõӦѩųЦҵҪ֪ƽô˰
ûСҡͷԼŮ˵ʲôܿͻȥģԼһ̣
ֻһ;ǰСʱֻһЩû˿ڵĵطȴѾࡣ
ڽһ̣ȴðһ䣬ڽˡ
ֻڳΪǽʱĿʼ
ҪһЩ롣ѩų˵һĹâ
ûзӦѩ
ǸʲôЩʵôû뵽ԼĿѻڡ
밡ѩƽ˵ȴǲ֪ô˵
ֱһ룬ʹǲڶΡ
Ҳ֪ʲôˮȻȱ˸Ūһʹ
ѩ񿴳һֱۣó˯ڳƶĲ࣬ҲûʲôҪŪ׽Ū֮Ҳ˲֪١
̲ס̾ϢһֲЩŴ˵Ů˺СǲǵĴڣڿȴһ㶼ûд
ûжʲôҪϢıȴƣ
ǿ԰˯Ǹ𺣸ȴǲܹ˯ΪҪ졣
¸·ԼǱߣа취𣿡𺣸¸·ʵĵǱǸˣȴҪǱߣô࣬ȴǱ˸ժӣǲǱ硣
¸·ԥһŸ𺣸ʵԸٸңҲ֪ڵжôϾҪˣֻܹ˵Լȥô
һٸ𺣸ЩΣҲûа취ǵʮֲ㣬ʹֵǵսʮǿ󣬵ҲɸΪ֮
ڳ˶֪ʲôҪսȥֻǻ¸·Щս
Ѿ죬ո𺣸ǵҲѾ˸֣Ķ໢Ǻ֮ǣҪпܵĻǻŪ໢ġ
û˿¸·ǿŸ𺣸˵Ϊϴս񰡣
ûдڳѾǵΪսˡ
𣿡Щĵ˵ĲܹǴµĻҵûˡ
ҲǸô죿һ¸·ʲô취ǿϧûа취ЩҲڻҪȥĻֻǻᱻ˸𡣡
𺣸ŶԷ˵鶼Щѹ֣˶ڿҪûʲôĻǺܿͻˡ
ȥɡ˵ô˽˸ˣڵǺãֱӸ㵽Լĵ̶Щ᧿Σĸоⲻò˵һַ̡
ȥʲôôֲǲ֪ЩһﶼڿǣѾڻһǷɢ˵Ļǵʱ϶ǵ鷳
𺣸ıŪĽͷöһʱţƺˣʰоֵȴǲˡ
ԴĳƽڣǸôԸЩˣ
ʮֵѹ֣û֪ô˵
ͻȻ𺣸ֻˡ
Ǹ𺣸󡣡𺣸û뵽ʤȻ绰
ϴĵ绰ôͨģҪҲʤҲ𺣸绰
𺣸û뵽ʤȻҳ⵹ЩϡˣҪսҪʲô
𺣸һʵʲô𣿡
ܼ򵥣Ҫϴ棬ʱѾˣһСʱ֮ҵ̡ĵɣ
ʤֱôһ仰ڳ˶Ļ˶üͷ壬Ҫʲô
Ŷ鲻Ҫңһϴ󡣡𺣸Ų²ֻҪôûе磬Ҫôǳ˯ˡ
ãҵĹ˾ǣһСʱҪ˵ĻԼѡ
ʤ⻰в˼ԣֻǲ֪֣˭֡
Ŷ𺣸Ӧһҵ绰ʵڸô찡
ϴ绰ԣѾ˯ˣȻǹȥһˡ˶ģǶֻгſʸͺʤ̸
ҪԮҪǺʤǱߵ̵Ļ˫ֶԸ־ǿ
ãǹȥ̣ȥϴҺط¸·ʱ׼֧ԮҲû̫ʱˡ
𺣸źһУڴҶʮֵΣգǵûôѡ
֪
ÿһ˶Ѹж
ʱһΪԼĥ䵼ºֱʣĶСûа취ڳװ֮ǾҪʰо֣ǵСܱҪ顣
ڣ˯ԽֻЩȴڷɿȬ


360 ˿
˯֮еĳͻȻѹ𺣸ƽ֮С
ôˣЩ㵵ʵո˯ѣ֪𺣸ӦڱĵطĪֳʲô£
Ҫʲô飬Ǹ𺣸Ҳô򶨡
ЩҪ鷳ϴ󡣡𺣸˵Ҳ֪鲻ҳģ˼ҶѾֱָҪͳ̸Ҳֻܹų
Ŷ֪˵飬𺣸ûжżҲżˣǿƽʵô
Ѿûʲô顣ƽ廹ûȫָϾʲôˣȴǲ˵׼ųߣ
嵽ʲôֱӸ˵Ҫô黰д᲻Ҫɱɱǿ϶϶ʲôͻĳ棬ҪȻƽҲᱻųֻǼȻʲôͻĵطԼô죿
ڵǺˣȴûа֣Դɽ֮󣬳֪бµ̫࣬Ҳܹ̫ΪǣΪԼ޵еʱǾԼڡ
ϴô֪ƽû뵽һʵؼ棬ǷҪɱɱû˭ҿ϶
ˣҪ˵ô࣬ʲô飿ֱӸ˵Ÿ𺣸ʵо鲢ûйȥӦڱ
˵Ҳԣһϴ󶼱˸ɵҪʲôûУǲ顣
ʤ㣬Ҫ̸̸飬ӦҲ鷳һЩĻ˳ǵء
𺣸ų˵оЩ鱾ȥ㶨ڻҪŪѽйȥСܵҲЩ
ŶǺԷȻԼǿ϶Ѿ׼ˣ֪һʣʲô˼ҪҪѪսĻҾҪ׼öȥ
ڳһûУҪǺʤǱҪʲôĻǸûа취
ӦòҪƴΪǱҲѾ־ǿвֻǺʤǱ߲лߵĸá
𺣸֪ڳжѾһˣҪû㹻ʵ֧֣˭һĴڣ˲ͻᱻɵ
Ŷ֪ԼڸøʲôŸ𺣸˵ھ͹ȥɣǾͲҪŹҪʲô飬ԼߣҪһĻĲ֪ô죬ΪҪǣһҳ£ҾҪһұ˶ûС
⻰˵ĺֱӣ𺣸ƽȴԶԣҲ֪˵ǷձȽϴ󣬵һȴҪ϶ķղҲֻԵģ˭֪ʤ᲻һ飬ֱӶԳ֡
Ҫ֪һɵĻ໢һӱ
Ҫɣ𺣸Ȼб£ǻûа취ѹƽǣ׼ȷ˵ǵġ
̻Ҳ֧໢鶼ڳϡ
ǵŰ𣬴ҶǻЭ
Ѿоˣȥһط棿˵ڶѾ׼ȻҪҪֱһ㣬ԷѡĻʲô⡣
ȥǵĹ˾𺣸󿪿˵Ļеǣ˼ҵĵ̣ĺʣҪԼߵôҪϴԳ
𺣸ҲЩˣоԼûãȻԼôܻô
á·ˣطȻҽԺûжסԺʱ߾ߣҽԺǱҲֻǹǮѡ
ԼһȥͿԣǲҪҪ׼һҳʲô⣬Ǽ뿪Ҳòһ£ȻĲΪʲô˿סȴҪôһӦ
֪𺣸ֻ֣Ǽᶨ֪Լʲô
ϴİɣҪ˭Ҷ֣ҾҲὫŪƽһĺӣһ
Ҫ˵ƽΪʲôˣǾͲοķ࣬Ȯǡ
ˡסһ㳯Ǳȥ֪Լȥǳ棬֮󶼲һҿ
նĸֲ˵˵ѣǼѾ̸кˣȴԼϵˣ飬ȻҪȡѵˡ
㡭ףþòǸ˾ҪʳȥģȴǷֳЩ죬֮ǰȥõǸ˾
ɡû뵽ôɵģЩɻʵôװҹ඼ģ
ǸֵܽЩ飬Ծˣֵ׼ȥ
˾ųЦ֪໢ˣԶԳĸоʮֵĺá
Ҫȥ֪ܲ˾ʵ֪Щﶼֱ֪ӱ
Ǹ˾Щ׵ʵôҪȥǸط໢ĵ˵̣ȥΣյģ
ȥǱ̸£ҹȥǡ˾Цмָл˾˼ô˵ĵȰ˵һ䣬İ˺ѵĹģΪů顣
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˾ǾĿųʵҲ֪ʲô
˵ҲҪƭ˭
˾ĳӿٶȣ̲סųʵ໢ϴ󣿡
֮ǰоЩϤһʼû뵽˭һӾ뵽ôһ˵
ЦЦ˵ҲֻСС֣鷳ȥˡ
磬ǽҪ̸У˾ϴǰǿ϶Ҫ뵽ĶЩѵԼҪһս
ֻǺģֻǿˣûá̲ס̾ϢһҪǽȥ˱ĵط֪ôĵطΪԼЩ˵ô
ϴ⻰˵ģǶ֪ôм㣬ҪǵĻǶ֪ҪЩһ١˾һм˵֮ǰҪû໢ĺճЩС켸ÿһ¶ҪձѣȻһֱڡ
ôԸһֱȥڵεκŲĳ֣ǵЩѣﻹǮЩѪ໢ĳӲǽЩһϾɱǸȳǲ˵顣
ǺǡҲ˵ЩԼͿԣҲûʲôҪһֱ˵״ֲء
˾Ҳ֪ʲôæóһӸ˵ϴ󣬿԰ǩ
û뵽ȻҪԼǩԥһջ˾ŵעǩˡ
л˾Ǹ˵˵Ϊܾ
Ժ󿪳ܹܿźӾں棬ղ˾һֱעźӾҲҺûʲô֣ҪȻ鷳ʹ
֪ˡ˾ȻҲԼղжôĲȫֻȴǱȽѵá
ᵽ˽ңϢһ¡˯бѵģǼϢһ¡
á˾ٸƽǲóоʹǹЩٴһԿ˾ļʮֵĲ
ٶȱѵʱѾǰСʱ֮ˡ
ϴˡԼԼ֮У˽ۣһ˯ĺ
лҲʲôֱóٿ͹ȥ·̣ǮӦǲˡ
ϴǿңҪǮǸ˾ȴһԸ˵
ǮšǮǰ棬ͳˡ
˾ȴǻڲԶˣһɽӸԶԿߵĵط


361 ʿ
ϴ󣬺þò
ոߵſڣʤѾǱߵȺţҪǶ˺ʤǲӭӣǳһôҪӭһ
͵λûйϵҪǶԷʵΪֵ塣
ˡЦе˵ɨڳһ˵ҹô˲˯٣
˵ЦˣҪ˯µڶһѡʤ˼˵֪ڵʮֵΣգ˼˯Ϊô̫ƽ
δأҲ˼û˯ĳߣ˵ڲģֻΪԵʣ໢ǵһҳ֡
ΪľǸ໢һᣬԸ໢ʲôûеõҪϴҲǵûʲôá
˵Ƚȥʲô鵽Ǳ˵˵һֱҪ档ʤųЦ⻰ȴóüʱ򻹻˭Ҫ
˭⣬ĵҲ٣ҪǶһҲá
Ƿз֮࣬ǲ⣬ҪǺʤҪĻǸͲҪô鷳Ĳ֪ʤʲôɷ
ڵ档
ֻҪд󱩷꽵٣ֻǲ֪ûб˼أʤͻȻųʵ⻰ЩûͷûԵġ
飬֪Լģǻб飿
ȴʲô֪źʤѯʵʲôֱ˵ֻˡϲȦӣʱû˼Ȧӡ
Ҳֱ˵ˣ֪־ǿѾɹĽˣڰСʱģЩˣһͶˡ
ʤ˵⻰ʱĿųҪ֪Ϊʲôо
ֻǿϧǺʤôôһȻģ
㲻գʤЩ׵ʵҪĻ϶İԼô࣬Ǳ˼ҸѪеЩսƷûа취ܡ
գҡҡͷ漴ѾҪ¥˵Ҳҵ֮УҾûд㽫Լĵ̣Ҳ֪໢ǺҪҪ̲ԷĻҪҪҺֲųԵ¡
ĺԼʵΪʤԺųʵΪʲôҪȥ򣿡
˵Ľ飬ûжٸ֪࣬ʹ໢˶֪ԼĪһսΪʲôɵģҲô
˵ôûʣҶɵӣҪǳΪôһС͸ǲ
ʲôϢźʤʵ˵ʱһЦúʤЩ׽͸
յϢǼʹΪһŮ˺ǸŸģ㲻ˣҪôûӣҲ˽졣
ʤǿ϶˵ҲΪŸӵĲȷ
ˡ
ʵϣʱҲֻΪǱߵĻôӣҲġ
Ѿ¥Ŵ򿪵ʱ򣬳ȴЦ˵˵ҲϲһʯͷҾ˰Ὺһʯͷһ
ʤоԼ۾٣֪ûбҪƭڳʲô֣ǶѾûá
ǣҪ֪㲻ˣҶΪֱϵ
ʤ̲סЦ˵⻰ǱȽֱӣ֮ǰǺͳģ𽥸ı䣬Ҳܹ˵Щһ˵ÿһطǺ˺ͻһֻǺ˶࣬ǻ˶⣬ֻںܲң涼ǻ˾Ӷࡣ
ʲô壿ôһģǲԼֻ˳İˡ
㲻ΪԼǴ飬˶㡣ʤȳ߳Ÿ߳
εĹϵʤ˼ңҪⶼǳŻеġ
ͺʤ߳һѾǱߵˡ
Զ졣
ѾһڿǱŵ˫֣ǻ
ңźʤʵȻԶԺʤʲô飬Ҳ籨˰ɣ
ҵľʦǸ𺣸ߵλáʤҲ֪ҪһСɫȻֵóһۣͬԶǺʤľʦݵ㹻λͳ˵
ǶԶЩĿ࿴Ҫ֪Ǳ໢︴Ӳ֪٣ôһҪλǲ֪Ҫٹ
Զʲôʸ񵱾ʦ
ӡǾǾҷѣȴûС
ʿյĿʤҲ֪ʲô֪ЩԼ˵ûãҪԶԼ˵
⵹ǡźʤЦ˺ǶѣϴεҲֻһᡣ
Ҫ֪˫İɶѾüγͻΪһξǲȫս
ĴػôֻǱЩ˼Ͳ֪
߳ӵաԶ쿴ųЦո׼õģڴҶæһ졣
ŶԷżֹ죬ʤǱȽ϶ܣôһʱ̻ΪԵġ
ǲֻǲ֪֮ʲôоǻл˵Լ֮һлߡ
˭֪Ƿб¶װƵˣûʲôý֣ѾܹҪ֪ǻôӦԡ
⵹ǣ˵ҲҪŪɣŪ㡣ʤҲ֪ǵʲôбҪ
ҪҪŪȻ취ƣطжٸ˸Һͳս
ʱЩսƵʤҲˣоԼѾͳЩ࣬ҪĻֻǶûл·һ˻·
ҪɣҺĳ϶ҲСɣô˵ֶΪҶϵģҾͲô顣
֪һЩ飬ԶôЩ޵ģΪνһЦ
ǶΪ˴˵ĳ޲̫ѣҲ棬ҪȻ˫ǲݡ
ǵĳ϶˵ĲСԶ쿴ų˵ϻŵЦݣЦص
ʤɫ΢䣬Щõ뵽Ǹ㱨˵飬ҪôҪҪŪûпܵ飬Ҫ໢Ѿһ˼ʿڣҪԼߺͳֱӱ˸˶˵
ɫûʲô仯Ҫ֪ԶֻһСˣһСĳʲô£
Ǻʤ˶Գгޣ⣬ԴǿʵҪûǿʵʹûеˣǶЩη塣
ҵǺ̹ϣҲĸı䣬Ҫǹȥ㣬϶Ц˵û顣Բˣʲô鶼棬ȴû뵽Լȥԣҳ㱨𣬶ĲҳԣϴھװһΣ˲ûл
ֱӵ˵ڳ˶ЩĿų
ǵû뵽ôֱӣǸǺ棬ʲôˣôͻز
Щ⣬Ҹ֪ڸʲô飬ҪطǶͷۣҲϣ
ԶһóЩ죬һ˵Щ˼
Ŷ㲻뱨𣿡ЦʵԷ
롣
ڱ飬Զʱʱ̶̿룬ȴǸڲǱĺʱҪİҲҪİڵľƣǶ־ǿѾһҶ̬Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ嶯ɵһȴûпǾǾƵƽ⣬ڿ㡣


362 ̹
ԶĻóЩͷۣȻ֪飬ûпǵЩ飬ûа취ȥǡ
ѾˣҪʲô
ֻһ£ǾԶԼҪʲô
Ϊ˫ˣϸҪĽ˵ĻӦǵֱ룬ԼԶ˵Ҫ˵Զľʦ˵Ļ
ʦλãҪһԴһˣûʲôˣҲǿ⡣
Ҫ˵Զи𺣸ôôţҪǺʤȥ໢ø𺣸Լͺʤ̸С
Զʲôʸʤ
ʤ·Ҳ˳ĵ뷨ЦǺǵ˵֮Ҫһ£˫˵飬ҲڵľǶôĸӣҪǻĻҿԶ磬ֿô죿
֪յ黹ҪʤֻǾĿŶԷ֪Ҫ򵥵ĺĻǺʤҲ˵ôࡣ
ҪһͳһӪףʤųʵ񶼴żֳȣ֪ǲ£ҲˣҪǱĶ
Ҫ֪ʤ˵ôϻҪʲô
ϴʲôֱ˵ǸڵȦӵͲҪˡ
Զ쿴ų˵ʮֵĸӣ飬ԼôģȴǱҪ
ǿ˺ʤһ˵ʲô飬ֱ˵ҵҪ֪ʲôûɵӣЩҸɵһͲҪˡ
Ҳ˺Щ˻ӽˮĻҲ顣
Ҫ𺣸ҳıߣߵ˿ʱ㵲ŵĹΪôգʤǽԼ˼¶һȻ˵飬ҪȻĻǶԷ顣
ȴǸоʤӦûбû˵ҪȻҲŤŤ
Ϊп𣿡ôܻὫ𺣸ǲߣıȻҪ
ֻһ߾Ӵ򹷣ҪǸ𺣸һɵˣ˵Լĵ̶пܻᱻ˸С
пܡʤ˵Ȩ
ǲһû˯ЩջˣҲҪߵĿ죬ǾˣΪҵ˻ԸⱻԴ˵ͼɣ˺ҪϣȻڻ֪ΪʲôôУ㲻˵ĻҲûʲô˵
мŭ˵ôԸø𺣸ߣоǸоԷʲô
Զͺʤһۣ˶һԥԶ쿴źʤ˵ϴ黹˵
ʤЩǰܵ˵ʲô飬ܴܡ
֪˵ʲôʲôֱ˵ǣȦô鷳ӽˮˣ
Ҳ֪ʮ֮һĵ̣ϴʮ֮һĲ²ʱԶ쿪˵
֪һ㣬ĪܲǱҪҪĻǵЩϷ
Ȼûжڻһ˳ǻı㶼ѾԼ˼ҵҪǲǾǴ췴ⱳжأ˭֪
Ǳ˹Ҫ硣ֻҲ䣿Ҫ֪طϴһһԼһ仰ҪǳΪǵĸӹ
ô˵ŵ־Ƿа˼ܲǱˣҪ㲻˺ĻǾҪ㲻ԸΨ˺ʮֵļ򵥣ѡľ˺
ʵϣ㵱ôǱַģ¿˵˵Ϊ£֪ʤѾǱߵַ
ʮ֮һʱ¹ǱߣܲҪǽ˸ŪǱȥһЩͼĹҪչŮˣǱ¡ҲԸǾ׷ɱңҾʹżԸߵֵܻˡ
ʤԸ˵Ͼ²ʲôٵ飬ڱ˴ҪҪǲ˵ҶûʲôθУٳǲԸʲô
Щ߿ʤһۣһﻹνԵ壬Ĳ
˼ҪҵһȥǶԿ֪ԷҪֻΪʲôҪһܴ顣
Ҫ֪һôһ֪ôԿǿڡ
ʹǳ۷ʱԸЩԿЩ˶ѾɵҲû
ҿ԰㽫ƽҲ֪־ǿҪŪ̼ңͳ̼ҵĹϵôûа취⣬ĵλҲ˸ս
ʤûн˵꣬ǳȴ֪Լûа취뿪ȻԼֻܹսˡ
ֻǳôģԼһӱ˸вȣźʤ˵ҪĶҲ֪Ҫķô˼ȥ㣬ȴʲôûеõ涼ûа취Ҫ˵ҵĵˣҲɵ㣬ΪҪطǶҪɵĶû˭˭
ôҪ氲ˣʤҲһ㣬˵ò˶٣ղ֮˵ǾΪҪȨ
һɽݶҪ汻һַʱҪ˾ߡ
ϴ̹ϰɣ˼ҲǱȻ˼Ҳǵĳ⡣һгŵˣԸȽ֮ǰĵ̴ø㣬ǱߵĵҪҪΪʣǾͽˡ
ʵϣʤڶЩԥԶֱΪǷЧǾҪʤ˼
ʲôû˵ҪǺʤ׿ڳŵ˵Ļš
Ͱ˵ȥһҵ˻㽫˸նɱ˽ĻҶ԰˴ˣҪԼûа취סĻҲûа취˵ˡ
ʤҲ֪ԼԳҪȽ϶࣬ϾԼĵ̫ǿˣҪǸȻظԪʱ໢Ҳ֡
û뵽ʤȻôĵЩŵʵȷ
ǧȷҸ˵Ҿ͸ȷʤջԼľҲ֪ҪǲľԼȵǱߵֲ˳ֻ֣һжûС
ãҪ飬ˣԸһԿֻҪ֮ڽҲΪʲôҪȻõԮĻֻ¶ȫû
ǿźʤ˵һ䣬ڶԷĿɿڴ֮Уֿ˵Ȼڻҵȴô߲ˣⲻҪ顣оҲеˣʱᵽֻҲ鷳ĺܡ
ãԸ
ʤû뵽Уˣ


363 
ǺʤǳǶ֪١
绹ֻǳƿ޷սӳ
ҪǵȶԷƿصĻ鷳ʹˡ
˶˯еʱһﱻ˸Ϊƽء
ǶûзӦʣµ˼Ǻ޵ֿı˸ɨƽЩ̶֮໢Ĳвȥա
ȥʣµĵطһϵĹķ֮һĳ໢ϣ˭û뵽飬ȷȷʵʵ֡
˶Ϊʲôôΰ󣬾ȻΪ໢һ·ٵ·
ȴǸ˵ûа취˯Ƕ֪໢ΣҪ໢ƿеĵ̣ǵӻùܶࡣ
ʵϣҪЩŵ˱ɵĻЩͨ˵ӻù֪١
ÿһ¶Ҫ⽻һЩãǴܴ󸺵໢ĵȴǲҪ
໢ϲȴΧ£һǶʮֵĲףΪʲôôò
ϴͲǺ淴ڣ
𺣸ųʵ飬ôûа취⣬˵ʮִ󣬾ô£ʲôϵֻҪ׬ǮЩǶԷҪ
Ҫ֪ҵͲỳˡ
СģҪĵûж˻ỳɡ
𺣸ҲĬˣ֪ܺá
ûа취ȽϣֻôһţȴǽһжڳϣǲǷˣ
ϴ󣬼ȻĻǽҪĴۣ
ûиǣҪʲô֪˴˶Ե޹ô϶˫ʲô潻ſԴﵽЧ
ֻ˼ҵĳô㹻ֻҪЩ鷳
̾Ϣһ˵ҪĶҲֻ࣬Ҫǵĵ˳֮æֿǣҲûж˿ԶãҾʧء
Ȼ֪ܲ˵Լ˻η塣
ȻЩʱҪ̹ϣЩȴǲܹô˵˵
Ҫ໢ٶȳʲôĻǺ׾ͻ뱻֮Сǵʽûа취ָ֧֧һ˭ף
ų˵໢Ĳ񣬶һЩǱȽ
ʵϣʱ֪໢ƶȵʱЩɵۣЩ֯ûгߴá
ûа취ֶ֧༸սĻ뻹Ҫʮεսһڵôֹۣսֻ֮¾ǺЩ֮ĹϵǶͷۡ
𺣸ҲЩͷۣҲ룬ûа취໢ʽȻ̫٣ôս֣ôźĴʮִ
ҪǰպͱûʲôģϧһֱҪЩ˺Ҳûа취
ҪҪ㹻ʽҲûʲô⣬ֻҪǱ߹ͨһ¡
ޱ˵ȴЩ׸𺣸Ϊʲôᱻ
ҪĻ϶Ϊûжá
˴ɱɱûһãڴĹϵҲҪЩڵİʲôã
롣ȥҪǮõʽԽ࣬˫ҪʲôͻʱԽ֡
Ҫǳַ˵ļһûʲôν
ϧһȽõˣһҪŵҲ֪Լô졣
һ³ǲǷ˭飬һпܾһγ顣
ƽ˶ͣʲôҪ˵һջǱ͡
𺣸֪Ҫ˵ʲôҪôѡ
ֶΣЩֶβãڵǱȽϺãΪʲôҪЩѹֶΣ
ûֻŵͷҲǺҪ˵ʲô
Ҫ˵ľ˵ɣ˵ʲôԡȻѾúܴʤ˭֪ڸΣյʱ̡
ɲᱻǰʤԻĸǱ֮ǰӵļ꣬Ҫ֮ǰûнǶôż
ǶѾǳеһٵģ˭طǿǡ
໢ﶼѾΪӣ˭ȶǶ֣ºǼ򵥡
ֻҪŪǾͿֱǿѹһЩǿ뷨Żôĺô
鿴Ǽ򵥣о壬ҪȻΪô壿
𺣸Ҳ뵽飬ȴǲ⣬ҪΪһıؾ֮·
Ҫҽܣǻʲôͷ
һ˵ϴҪҪЩˡ
Ļû˵֮꣬ձѣŶģһֱֻ»Ǯ
ҪСǮҪ֪һ˵Ļи򵽼ǧһ£ôĵ̣ЩǮǶĺܡ
һٵǼ٣Ǽǧһ£ҪǺһ㣬ֱӼµһҪǼһӳԱĸо
ûпҲ֪ʲô
ƽҲų˵ϴҲо˵еҲΪ˱ǣҪ㹻ԴҲԱǣҪʧˣЩ̻ƻ֮ǰӣǻأҲʲôӰ졣
ƽ˵ĸӵȫ棬ɶ˵
𺣸͵̶ųǶ֪һʲôˡ
ֻǲ֪ǷΪ¸ı䣬鶼壬Ҫǳ˵ǳʼı䣬ԺҲпܻиĸı䣬ҪС˵˼ǱȽϼᶨ
ڳ˶ʮֵĸӿųǶҪ֪ľʲô
ûзǿŸ𺣸͵ʵҲΪ
ôô֧ѡ񡣡
𺣸ʲôûУҪ˵ĻƾЩΪѡ
ô˵𺣸ҲǶҪǷǶרС
𺣸Ǳʲô𺦳ŵ顣
ϴġ
̸ǳףô˵ô֮ǰҲı䣬ҳôѡ񶼲
Ĭ漴ʵô˵
ֻһ͵ġųЦ꣬Ȼ˼ġ
Ҳ֪ô룬ȴΪЩ鲻ܹʼһʼˣǷн˭֪顣ͷҲԸ⿪ҪȻǻʲô𣿡
˵ôԸԼűֻҪͨһЩ·ӡ
Ҫ˵ձѣͲҪġ
֪˼֮˶Ĭˣǲ֪ʲô취ڵ鷳
ʽȱÿһŶ飬Ҫ飬ȴǱȽѡ
ûп๫˾ʱǶǳԼĹɷ֮ࣿ
ȻǲҪеǰ취ֻǿѡˡ
ڳѡԼһ·ѵףû֪ǶԻǴڳҪм֣ΪڵѱԼպҲΪȴԼ·
ϴѡǶ֧֡
ջǸ𺣸ȿ˵֪ڳΪȱٵľ֧֡
ôһЩ鷳ûа취㶨
Ŀ˸𺣸һۣ֪𺣸󽫻޴ѹ
ڲЩǳֶλʱѻø𺣸һҹ׷пܡ
ϴƽҲ˵Ĳôͬ
㡣
ǱԼ̬ȣѡ뷨ôϣԷϴ֧ѡ
ѹҲǲСѡôһ·ʲôҪúȥ


364 
Ӫǵҵнӳȥһֱûп
ҪŮˣһʼΪӳ뿪һ죬ôʱ䶼ûпƺЩô
˵ȥԮ𺣸Ҳ֪ӳȥҲ顣
᲻ʲôΣգĵ飬Ҫ֪˼ҺôҲǸ
ᣬЩ¶ӳôľӪҪʲôĸûУǲǼ
뵽ǼֲˣǲȥôࣺǸȫ˾ԺǵҪҵǿ
˼һֱǹ飬֪ҵ񣬳ᷢչ׳
Ҫ˵ʲô߿Ƽ֮£ǲֹǮΪҪǣĶҪʮֹЩûУֻܹЩ򵥵Ķ
һֱţڶѾڿʼˮ๫˾¶ΪĴûг׶ֻҪǿȥˣֻеЩ˾ƸǣǱձ׶ˣһ˳
Щ˾˼𺣸Ҳ׵ģҪ֪һʧܵĻЩǮֱӵˮ档
ȻҲЩˣĻ£ֱӽǮͶһԤһİ
𺣸֮ǰҵزΪЩ˵Ǯеġ
ҪĿסң취ҪҪԼӯģʽһǲᱻ˸һжϵ֣ǻ֪ǾĵˣҪûкϷӯ׾ͻᱻ˸¡
˵˵˶֪ĵжôǿ
˵˭Өٻӱ׷ߣǶǳأ߻һЩ;г϶ˣǸǻԳ֡
֪𺣸Ѿ׼ãֻҪЩֻѹʲô顣
ˣѡһٸڷĴвܹˡ뵽飬оԼҪ㹻ǿ˲ǣҪȻÿһζԿǱ˸ѹŴϲ
ס
Ƕ֪뷨Ҳ뷨ֻһֱûʱЩˣϾЩ˽ǳſģҪȻ֪ĻΪҪΪأ
˶֪ܳô飬ȴҪעһ£ҪȻױ˸˵¡
ְ飬漴뿪á
ƽҪͳܾˣҪ˼һһжչ̫죬оеûа취Ӧ
ʹӶŵʱûôѸٵ顣
һ֮ڣƷתѶڲϱ仯ָоЩϲ
·ϣ೵ڼ۶·ҵĽ඼ôѸ١
䡭
ͻȻӳ߷ɳ۶ת䴦һȴͻȻм䣬ͷһ˲ͺĴײ
һѸټ٣·ԷѾԤϵ顣
׷ɱ𣿡
˫һУ첽ǰȥȻʥĸ֮ˣҲ²ؼ߸߹Ҫʲô
ȿȡ
صͳܽףֻʮӵĹ򣬳͵ˡ
Ѹ˼ˣæѾεǰŴ򿪡
һһѪŮ˳ڳ֮УоǸŮЩ졣

ϸһʱȴǷǸŮȻʶ
顭
ͻȻףһ˳ֱһǹҪɱڡ
ԥԼǷҪ֣ǵԷ֮ȴ֪Լʲôˡ

򵥵ӵ漴˻ûзӦʱ򣬱ǵǰһɨǧ˵ȸϣǸ˵ŮĻ
Сڵġ˵Ǻݽɫ˫ȱ֮ǾȻںµʱųǹ
ϵǸ˸ǿųײ
顭
һѽϵǹɣһţոײĳȻһߵĳ෽ײȥ
˶ɵˣ˿ǲ֪Լǵʲô
˵Ҫ𣿡
ЦЦôı䡣
û˸ҿǶѾڵſûа취ڿôǿҲʲôɵӣҪǺͳ죬ֻ¾Ҫûôס
ңΪʲôҪ׷ɱŻеŮ˵Ů˾Ȼ·ʫϣϴα褾µŮˡ
û˿˶ڳĬڳϵǸǻԲѣǳֱײ˴󳵵һȥˡ
Ǹ˾ſڷ̣Ҳ֪Ǳŵˣǲҿôࡣ
ΪʵʱȴǷֱתˡ
˭֪ʲô
Ҫ֪·ʫϲôϤǾ֪ʲô
Ͼ˶ѾǺõˣҪǻô࣬ʱĻǣ塣
Ѿˣ˸͵ҽԺ棬ȥǡ
·ʫһҽԺȥʱྯҲѾֳ
·ʫϿɲʲôͨˣԼҵ߸ղһ·쭵飬ǶѾ֪
Ǵ绰ͶߣҪһ㷴ӦûУǲ
ֳѾˣȷ·ʫϵĳֻǲ֪٣ԭʣµļѾ˸ˡһ·ϵĴʧԳ˾Ѿʧˡ
ԹѲģû˯ò֪һЩʱ鿴ȴǷ顣
Ǳ߿ţһҪҵ·ʫϣҪˣǶд鷳ڸƽ֮С·ʫϵпܻһߡ
һ飬ԽʲôԽʲô
ڶû˯һֱڲٰЩ飬ڵǺˣһһҹĹ򣬳оտˮﶼˡ
Ҳ֪ڵжôĸӣľǾΪ⸽Ĺ˾ǿȥѰҼأ˭˸ˡ
·ʫ۵ʱԼѾڲˡ
ʹ
·ʫ϶벻ԼղʲôˣֻǼǵԼ·ͻȻ˼ҵ׷𣬶ӦҪƴ쭳
ȻԶһ·룬ҪӦĿ죬һֱɲֻ¸ղһӾѾȥˡ
ֻǣ滹׷ôأ
ɲЩЧʻôߣҪôЧʣֻЩһ߲ˡ
㡣һֱֻ·ӺͻȻ·ʫѹæ˵ʵôҰҽ
ãҾЩͷζѡ·ʫ˼飬·Ӻʵôģ
ղֻ绰˵㱻͵ҽԺˣҹչ㡣·Ӻ˵ղŵĵ绰Щ죬ֻ֪ǲעֺͺ룬ȴ֪ĺ룿
˵ҵֻ绰
·ʫŲӣҲֻײʱͷЩѣΣĶûʲô⣬Ͷ󣿻в鿴ûУʲôģģ
·ʫǱ˸ˣҪ֪˭


365 
ʱǸ˾ѾˣĻʿ˵Ǹһˣģҵǻûʡ
·ӺһȽ̰ˣ˼ܵĵز
ңڻڵȼ˹Ҷ·ʫ֣Ҫ·ս飬ôûа취ܵġ
ʲôôؼ鲻ȥѯһ˭ңҲùȥлһ˼ҡ
·ʫϲ֪Լ赹֮ʲô飬ǱȽ˭֮ǲܹС
㣬ȥģҲ֪Щ˾ҪʲȡĺøУ֮ǰҲû
·ӺȻмǸ·ʫϵˣǱһֻɵ̬ȣɲΪ绹ôˡ
ûгֽ֮ǰʲôҪ˵Ҳ飬иҰһŮ
Ůб𣬼ʹǽܶˣ·ʫҪһŮչˡ
·Ǯƣ鵹׾ٰ쵽
˿̣ǰһҾƵ꣬ҪСɸٺá
ô˵СһҲǵߣ˭֪ЩһǷǵ鷳Щ鶼Сʻ괬ҪˣĶ᲻
̴磬ôˣСſڵʱСһľϲ
ǣΪһס
Ҳ˵˶ӣ˭֪ʲô鱻˸ȥԳŶûнȥġ
á
СʲôûжʣҪʲôʲôǳˣǳĹ
ʵϣղèۿǳʱ֪쵽ʲô̶ȡ
鷳ˡ
ɫһ䷿棬һмĿų˵
飬ҲѾԼһЩѡ֪ˡ
ôû뵽Ȼһҹ֮佫ɵ飬ǿ˵׳ٵˡ
ֻЩźǣϴûбĨȥҪȻڵǲô鷳
ûʲô߰ɡ
Ѹٴ뿪˸ú֮໢һЩСܰæչһ¡
Сһ˶໢߲㸽һʲô飬ҲӦ
ȻҲǳСɵĿأҪһˣôࣿ
ź֮󣬳ûлȥô飬϶Ҫҳ̻
̻칫ҵʱ򣬳̻ڳԷûдڳԷ¡ʤƾȻҲһԷ
һæ̻Ҳûţһ϶оš
ҪǼĲҵôЩطǻûд֮ǰȻϸǣܻǴһЩ鷳
һ໢һռĵ̣ǶĦȭ׼Ǹط
Ҫ֪ҵĲҵЩģһЩزҵҪЩط򽻵
гĹϵڣǵ࿪֧Լ٣ǸǲҪ⡣
ˣһԶٷ̻ų˵û֮ǰûԼ˹ϵôС
ΪĴڣ飬ĳˡ

Ҳûгʲôһˣһֱ𣿡
ʱûдģǵ飬ԾֱӹˣҶЩûףΪʲôǻᱬôͻȻİ
¿ųʵ֮лм֣Ҫǳ簵ʾһ飬Ƕ׼飬æҰ
Ҳʱġ˵˵ţЩ˼ͷ˵ֻڻһվסŸǱߺܿͻᷴˡ
˵磬ڳ˶ų̻
Ǹǳֵ̻Ƕ֪¹ʲôˡ
ʲôϣûг¹ľ
ٽпܻᷴ˹Сһ㣬֪¹ͲһԸԿˣʲôֿѹ㣬ҪȻó޹ҹġ
̻ͳ¹һ𳤴Գ¹Ըʮֵ˽⡣
ȴЩüʵĳ϶ôİ
֮ǰһطģôôĳԹ
ҳ̻Ҳʲôɣ
黹ʲô
ҲʮֺĿų̻ǶҪ֪һ㡣
Ƕ֪̻ǰңǶһ
ǲŸǺ棬˵ĳԹһطġ
СǱ˼ҵĺӣֻһûʲôΪˣȴǱɳЩ˵֮Уұò֪һҲԽԽҡ
Щûа취˵ģ̻̲ס̾Ϣʲô
ҪǺĻҶԺܺãΪ¹ԸԵʣ֮ĳԽԽ
˲ҰӴҲûʲôԻء
̲ס鴤ҪΪŮ˵ԽܣֻΪ˼Һӵ飬ʣ¹ۣ̫С˰
ʣҲĸоҪЦȴ֪Цġ
˵ˣ֪ˣһֱĺܾԽһʱǾǱˡҲҪСģǲֶεġ
̻³߳ʲô飬鶼ߵģҪǳһˣĲңҲĹĳ
֪ȻҲôɵģѾźˣҵڶһ𣬿ҺһǱҲѾкˣһ㶼ʲô顣
ʮ㣬ֻҪʲô嶯ļһֱӴŻǹȥɨô⡣
ͺãǣ
̻֪²
пܻȥҪ׼
̾Ϣһ˵ҲһЩ˹ǲʲô
оЩҹӸ絽ĻֻطἦȮ
ǺǣڣûʲôϵҪһЩ飬ҲҪǵºŵ˵ѾǺһصˡ
ʹЩҪǣǶûа취
ڹٷг϶˶Ѿˣܵ˵ǵӻǱȽϺùġ
ʣµЩţǸǲǡ
Ҫ֪Լֵ֧Ų˵˵ԼˣǶʮǿġ
Ǳȳĺڷ棬Ƕ֪ǿ١
ûа취һЩˣǳ˳ȥˣѵˣһľ˶١
ˣСҪ֧Ǳ˲ðɣҸһˣȻֻʱģ֮ҪŪ
ʤƿų˵֪ʮֲġ
֮ǰ飬Ƕʮֵ
Ϊİ඾һļһ޳ˣԳҲЩ١
ʵϣҲЩìܵġ
Ҫ˵ЩĴõˣһ㶼ȥŵˡ
Ҫ֪Щ˼ûа취ͷġ
ڳˣǶǿ˭ݶ˭塣
ûа취һȭͷᣬǿƷᡣ
滹ôˣѾǵϵˡ
һҪ˵ԼҪô˵ġ
ʵǣʮҪ˰æ
ҪǵˣǾǷǵ飬飬ԺҲ֪ôҪǲܵĻûʲô˿ãһܸӵ顣
˶ûпǶ֪ԸʲôֻҪˣǾͻ˸
ʵϣϵˣǶǾ֮еľ


366 ϲ
ǶжˣʵѾ˴㡣
ҿԸһˡ¹һԼ֣ҪǸˣԼãֻܹһˡ
ҲԸһˡʤǸ潭µĽŲ˵㹻࣬ͳĹϵûеһֱӽôˣоԼЩԿ
˵˵ͶʳΪ㣬Ǳ˴˵ĹϵҪûеһһҽôȥǿҪġ
ҿԸˡ̻ûô࣬Ȼ࣬ȴǸ࣬ĽԼĶӣҪǽ߾ȫȥæ
ºʤƶ̲סҡҡͷ̻ǽԼϱҽȥҪǳзǣʧˣǳ̻пһ겻ˡ
ҶҪҪǽ£һж˵е߶ҵ˵ĴǳԿǡλ壬ҳġ
ЩжǵһǺܸмǣҲὫĲص
ǳģǲģҪǶôģԺû˻
ֲûа취ҵԵģôҲҪ˼һɡ
áǶû뵽ôĸı䣬Ҫ֮ǰ϶ܾȴԸһһӴĻᣬҪġ
ǶЦˣǺͳȻǸӵס
ʵϣʱĺʼ֮ǰһֱڳ棬ڶ˫໥ƽȻȡ档
ʲôˣǶҪ潻ſԳõģνһ죬˸ĸ˻ԸһֱԼ㡣
ţֿʼֵǽԼҪز˵Ƕ֧֡
ȻǶзزҵ񣬵ǿɲҵ顣
гôҪ˼Ҫ룬һˮֻƽ޹ʵ˶ѡ
˶ųѯǷҪʽǶ֪Ƚ϶࣬׳ʲô鷳
ʲôʱǮĶǶǽ鷳õİ취
ȻǾܾ͸𺣸˵ʱǶ˵Ҫ˭ǮҪһٷĹ߾ͺǮԺôԼˣ
Ҳ֪ԸԶûǿֻó֪ķðЩҶҪ˵ʲôʱ䵽ˣǻܵĵ
ˣһὫЩ۸ƿغã벻Ǹңǵˣʱֱ͵ǱߣҺͻ𺣸Ǳ߽á
ǳһٷ֮󣬸˵鶼Ѿ˵׼ֱȥţǱһʵʽҪʲôûпǲ
Լţʲô绰ңȻһ㣬飬ǿԵġ
̻ų˵֮簮ͻȻ뵽ԼȥǸӣҪǶûĻҲӦǺͳ
ֻôȲϳ
ȻҲо̻֮еİ˺簮Ĳֱˣ漴ų̻˵һģб飬һᾡ㶨㲻Ҫôࡣ
Ҳ֪ڳ˶֪̻ӵ飬Ҳûбܻʲô˶ĽĿų̻һǿų̻ĺˡ
Ȼһӣȴҵһˡ
⻹㣬ΪҪǳһʮбµˣĽĵط
ȻҪԼȥȡˣȴôûа취顣
Ǹ֮㳯ǱȥԨ͹ȥġ
үԨԼү
壬ʲôҪ˵ľ˵ɣڸʻĳ˵һʼԨҪںģǳôҽ飿
˼Ԩǳֵ̻ܣҪôʶôֻǻ졣
֮ԨҲûа취ֻܹĬϳڸʻ顣
ЩŮ˵飬ֻүҪˡԨҲȦˣȻ֪żʲô
֮ԻһǶΪûȴϲá
˼ŮҲǼ޲ȥ
˵ΰɣ
ڿ׷ЩǮˣһЩȨ֮ˡ
飬⼸Ѿյܶķˡ
ĬˣȻ֪ϲá
ʲô
֪ˣֻʱԣҲ֪ڹǵѪӡ
ǶԽжӣڻûа취ȥ˼ңΪҪǣڵ鶼ûȶ
үһ仰鶼ڸı֮У䣬ҪٳɵĻ½Ǳ߻⡭
Ԩоʲô֪æԼ֪һЩ˵
ҽЩ˵϶Ūҽǡ
֮ʱŭĿԲ֪ЩһҪǽʲôģҲûֻô飬ΪڻбҪȥ
Ҳʲô࣬˼ҶѾǽˣҪĻǱ˸һûֵˡ
Ԩһ֪Ѿˡ
áԨѾһЩҪϣȻҲûѵЩҪСģǶѾˣҲ֪ǻʲô顣
ԨĵеģһЩǮƵĶֵĻ鶼ֱҪǲţ׾ͳ顣
֪ȻǴ⣬Ҳ֪飬һûдãֻᱻ˸Ʒ
ԨҲ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣʲô˵ʵʵͳȥǱߡ
׼ѾȨˣӶ֪ȥ˻ȥˡ
ŻǱȽɬɫȴѾһɵİ
ʱں˿ᡣ
֪ǳ֮ȴ붼ûֱ顣
ˡžһߵŮһųʵ
˵ʵڳǰﻹ֮ǰŮǿ˵ģ
ոæ꣬Թߵ˵ȻоŶ˼Ȼᵭ
Ҫʲô֪һŮҪ˼סĻǾҪչֳԼļֵҪû㹻ļֵǲŮ˵ġ
໢֪ɣʵҪ鶼֪ýûʲôָ
֪Ȼо֮е˼ڵ飬һƵ
˵ʱֱóԼֻһֱȥһʲôֱӸ
ô쵽ģ
ӹһۣʮ־ȵʵ
Ҫ֪϶ûĶƵһֱڸһǵʱʲôûио
Ȼҵý˰쵽ˣһֱڸսص㣬ǰʱЩƵСһ˵˵ڳǰչԼĻᣬô
ýˣ֪Щжӣý֪һЩǾԺڵûһϵ
ûдЩﶼУƵֻҪṩ߶ԸѣҪоʵĽ˵Ļ߻ӵĸߵļ۸Ҳ˳תһЩϢ
һЦݵ˵ȻµģȴѾڵصǰУʲô飬߶֪һЩ
ΪҪǣҲѾһҵı¡
ʲôˣǶطҪϢѾɹתְΪһϢӺʹýֻܻ࣬ǸոտʼֻҪȥδʮֵǿ
Ҳ֪ԼڵӪ˭ģһЩ໢Ϣ߶ûгȥܵ˵߶ӯ࣬˶ʮֵľȡ
ҲֻǱŹ˼ȴû뵽Էôһϲ


367 Ҫ
һж룿ͻȻоﱻԼԡ
һٿһҲΪϢԲŻôӯҪ֮ǰĻûôࡣЩǮҶ߱ĿҲѾ㸸׹ͨҺ߽Ϳԡ
ŵ˵ȴԺ棬Ҫǻܹı£ʲôأ
ЩĿ飬ôᴦãоЩǮǲԷϣҪȻ϶һЩȣпܻ֪ﵽж׬Ǯֳ˶˵ϢӶ޴ĳޡ
áҲ֪̻ǣ̫ߵ£ϾڴҪǳ̻עĻʹʲô˭֪ôأ
ʲô鱨һפΣҪСɸڸ𺣸Ǳߣ뽫˸ߣܻӳ
ԡܳҪ˭ùŶûоܾı£ҪܾҪ֪ôԴ
ʵϣһֱһġáǾռϢʲôϢҪҪ֪һС
㲻Ҫ˭ЩʵҪ֪ô˵Ҳŵĵ̣ȴʲôʣţǲ£
˭ǶһʶҲ㲻ǵĽ⣬˭֣ΪʲôҪأ
źǿ϶˵˼·ʮֵ˿ʲô顣
̲ס̾ŮˣǺܴҵȷطҲľһ㶼Ūñǣ߿ҪһЩ鱨ʱṩһ¡
áʲôʣ㱨˵˶ϣЩ˶ǮˣҸô
óŰ죬Ҫǳ˵Ҫᣬ߾ͲҪϣǳҪĻԺʲô飬ҲǺûʲôϵ
һ˵ɣ㶼ʲôϰЩ޹ؽҪĶԷһЩͥʲôģǶԸԷģǺйϵŮˣ
Ҳ֪ܻߴӰ죬ˡ
Ҳ֪Щ˿϶طҪϣȻҪ͸ǣ˼ط
ĹϵʱǴһȽܵĽ׶Ρ
֪˲࣬ʱϷһ¾ˡ
ſ˳һ˵ʵϣҸоûбҪǣһȥҪǲʣǶһЩϲֹطûбҪӡ
⻰óЩףǲҪ׵
һ˵㻹Ǹôô죬Ҫ˭Ҫϣ֪׵ʱǱ˵һ¡Ǯ㲻׬Ҳ׬ֻЩҺѪƴϣǲҪ˼ҡ
Ҳ֪ԼƴĶȥ黹Ҫƺ
ʵϣ֮ǰÿһζи𺣸ƺ󣬵ִ̫٣𺣸¡
֪źǿ϶˵漴ųȴֹ
ʲô¾˵ɣҶšҲŵı飬ֱӿʵ
Ƶ㿴Ҳ¸˵ǽԼֻû漴ִһƵ
ĬĬĿǸƵʼնûʲôӦٱûʲôӦȴ֪Ƶ̫Ķͷ
Ƶǽ±һЩ׷ƵЩ˵Щ£ֻжˣʲô˼ûȥ׷
Щ֮ļһûа취ҽҵ
ʵлһţƺļһҪԸǣǲʲôͿҪ飬ǾƶԷҪЩһһӷ
Ѿ뵽һЩֶΣֻҪ׼ȷϢſԡ
ҪһЩֲſԣڸĶɢҵǷ쭳ƵֻûãΪкܴҪǶûа취
ſų˵ҲʱЩ˵١
ϾЩ˶ǼְˣҲֻҪʱŻṩϣһġ
ŵ鱨ʱûһ³̣ܵ˵ûγһ鱨ϵҪȻҲô
ҪҪضǣûа취ǵĲҲҪֻҪ֪ǵ٣Ҳ֪໢ǲܹߣһЩˣǶпܻᱻɵ
Щ˵ǵ鱨˲٣𺣸ȻѾ²ú鱨ģһδϴôͻȻ鶼ûɣһЩǮûа취쵽
ŵ֪ų˵а취ֻʽ档
һ˽ˣ̻ǱͶʹΪ׬ǮЩĿС
ڳҪطôҲҪһ˵ǣҪȻЩĿô
ǹ¹ģҪ߳ıмֵϣҪú
һܴŮˣܳԺҪչʲôǲɻȱһˡ
Ҳоһ㣬˵Ҹô죿
ܼ򵥣ҪʲôǾǲյȼ۹Ҳñһ£ҲǼƽǮƣҪҪǸ𡣡
ŵǱȽԭֻ˵ʱԭ֪ȥ
飬ͳ̻ĹϵʮֵĲطϾǴӳ̻ǱʽģҪһζΪҲǲס
һٶ׷һǧʱһᰲרһ£һӴ鱨ЩʽԸӯҲǱ߹ͨһ¡
˼һ˵Ҳ֪ҪЩʽϾЩҪ
ܳͳ̻ſǸô˵ˣô˶ǳͳ̻ˡ
Цݣ֪˼ⲻЦǺǵ˵ԡҪ֪ʲôЩѾе鱨ѹӦ
Ҳֲͨˣ֮ԼҪͳ̻ΪľǽĿ塣
һ㣬ֱһ䣺Ҫ֪µϢҪԽԼ
ʱžͲˣɫǱ仯ʮֿ١
֪Ů˵ĺױ䡣
֮ǰǹۣԴӳ֮˵Ĺϵһ첻һ죬Ǻڰ飬Ǹһ޴
˫һֱ棬ҪȻ֮ǰԸѾ˲֪ٴεˡЩ飬һ֮ôûа취ָġ
ҪһΣŻǲڣ֪ԼȷģԹ˽Ӵᱻ˸˵ǽ֮ġ
ͳʲôҲ֪ԼղŵĻʴˡ
ֻǣڿԵõϢĵطǵһ߰ɣ
ô˵ҲԴ
ոѹ֣ڵȴҪ֪Ƿ߳
Ҫ֪ʲôºŴ򽻵Ǳزٵġ
ҪŶ˱ܻ佭£Ժô죿
ɲʱ飬֪ſ϶߳ǲεš
ҿ
ȻŻûóʧڳ׼˵ʱת۵ֻһ


368 ټ
֪ʲôҪ󣬲ЩСҪҲ
ϾźͽµĹϵôӣȴǱҪ뽭£ҪûʲôҪĹ顣
Ϊ֮һǲʲô˼ĸоҲһܺߣ˭ô˧ô
Ҳý⻰˵ҪȻǿ϶Ҫǵ˱ԡ
˵ɣֻҪҿԴӦ飬ҶӦŶԷ˵֪Ҳһصˡ
ӦһҪ󡣡ſųЦЦݺǲãһĶ
޷ʲôЦݣȴǺЩŮˣͲ֪Ů˵ʲôôǸ飬ΪһôϡҪ
ҪûоһģҪȢĻҿɲ֪ôģ
뿪Ц˵ǲʲôЩԴӦľʹӦԴӦģͲӦֻȴǲ뵱ԶŵˣҪ֪Ҫ
ŵɫЩԣæĿ˵飬ȻǿЦֻҪһ£Ҫʲôһ׼Ҳá
Ҫ֣ϾҪӦһ֪ʲôҪҪǺǱҲЩ
Ҳ֪ԼҪЩ֣Це˵ղźҲûи׼ҵʱǷӦǾȨҲ㣬ֻҪôһҪ󣬲֪Ƿͬأ
֪ڶֺŮ˲ô˼нˣҪıֻʲô
ղŵҳϣҪҲӦģֻҪ㲻ȥɵʲôϤˣ߸һӣǺ֮࣬һҶӦ㣬ϣȥɱʲôУǶûʲô⡣
˵ôĸɾ䣬Ҫ֪ŻôѡĲ֪Ҫʲô
űȳˣֻԼֻ󲦴һ롣
֪ӦþŸµ绰ֻǽ»
˿̣ңڴϣ࣬ڳʮŮڣǶǴĽãЩǽҪŪ
ڵľôңŮڸͰ첻ʲô飬Ūһ㣬ſԱ֤µİȫ
µİȫǽµͷʯ¸ڳУ뿪طݳᡣ
ͻȻµֻˡ
ļһôҲø绰˰ɣ
һֱӳֻ˹ȥΪǳĵ绰ǵǸ绰ʱĶ̲ס̾Ϣ
ֶֻڲһӾע⵽Žʵʲô𣿡
ûС
ҡҡͷƾֻ춯ֻҪʱ䳤ˣû˽ӵĻǸҲ绰˵ģû뵽绰ּ֮ͣǿˡ
ڳ˶ΪǽµЩ׷ߣҲʶһЩ˵ķ
ЩһֻΪ׷Ѱ̼Ȼʲô鶼ᣬӲǸֻ
µʮֵļᶨΪԼҪЩ˽һֻǻɱ硣
ô꣬ûмЩȨĺӣȴǿûжٸԵģһֻΪ׷̼
ȻЩԶ벻ЩˣһŮ˵ģһΪһӶϵŮˡ
ǷңΪʲô£ҵ绰Ҿ͸ܹ¡
ĸԼĽ绰ͨҪ֪Ż˵ʲô
ҡǵͳӵ绰洫½Ϊŵ飬ǺĺȥȴǱһʺ򣺡㻹𣿡
ҺܺáŵɫʮֵĸӣЩףŮ˵ʲôҪʲô֮ģǣôڵ绰ϵ֮󣬾Ȼʺ
Ŷʲô𣿡
ѹԼĵķֱ꣬ʵԤſ϶ʲô
Ҫһ棬֪ûʱ䰡ȥҲԣȥ𴦶ԡҲ֪ڵθʮֵĵͣɽ°š
³һ˵˵һطϾʮϧһθ飬ҪΪˣҲЩϧ
ϵطɡҲ֪ҪζһЩȥҪնϹȥѡԼͽ֮ǰһֱȥĵط
ܶ˶Լ˽̣ܵºַ֮ǰҲˣᵽǸطһʱڻ֮С
ŵ۾Щʪںڣ֪ԷʲôȴǺܿ϶£ŵֻ²ôƽ
Թ˭һжֻȴҪĿ
֪Ϊʲôûô
ܿ죬Ǳ߾ͻشˣ˽棬ҽ»׼ʱ˵˵ģʵǷˣǾͲ֪ˡ
㶨ˣߵڰʤҺ棬ҪǳֵĻҲǵ֮ҪȻ»ʲô⣬װɣ
׼ͽһ£ȴǲԸߣҪȻĻݱ䵽ôҪľ档
ҲŵĹǣŶ˵ҴӦˣһϷ㶨
Լֳʲô飬ſĸá
Ҳһ㣬ֻĲôԸ⣬ȴǸ֪ǲߵܵӰ첻˵ΪҪʱпܻܵʮֵ
ЩҪɹʲôģǶĺ֮
˿ֱӸȥŶ߻һȡ
˵б¾ͲҪңȻ뿪󹬣ôһˣûбºһһ¡˭ԸŮźһ˰ɡ
ֱӱˣҲǱɫݣǾ޴Χ˶ˡ
ĳȴЩգ鲻İɣ
ֻҪֳһЩŤ
һȥһ˵ôٲˡ
Ҳ⣬Ȼ֪ԼʲôŮܡá˭֪жŮˣڶǱԼʲôû
ֻЩҲûа취ЩҪš
ҹʤⲻǳһҿȴһҡ
ºһֱϲڿĵطѡĵط
ˡ
Ѿڵȴ£˭֪¾ȻҲǰһСʱ
ûô
֮ǰȻǰʱģǱ˴˶ûô絽
һҲãȴֻû뵽˲Ŷʱ䣬ȴѾˡ
ŵ鶼ЩأҪǿԵĻҲߵһ
ҲûôֹҪ˵ʲôأ
¿˿ţʮֵĸӣԼôĺѣΪҪһˣͷĿɳˣ
ųĬˣҲ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôˣҪ飬ҲҪ
ںôˣ


369 
⻰ʵģȻ֪ͽЩԾҲô֪
Ǻǣ飬㲻֪𣿡¿ʵżֳЩʧָӵĸ飬Ǳ˴˶ô
ŵ֪ԷΪʲôֻ̾Ϣһ˵ĲôΪѯ飬ҵʱû˵ͺìܡ
Ҳǳ˵õģ˴Ҳûʲô飬Ǿɡ
µЩĿʵôìܣ㽫ҵ˵˾ǣαأ
Ȼ»˵ȴʮֵ
Ҫս˵ȥǲˡ
źͽʶô꣬Ȼ֪ʲôǿʲôǿ
ſŽ˵ЩҴˣȴǲ֪ôȣ֪иҲи񡣡
֪ʲôʱϲ¿ţ۾Ҫ˸һ㡣
ųһ˵ϲ飬ӦǱ֮Ҳ֪һֱǿһҵˣǿϧǣĶǲݰЩһﲻҪ˵ôϵ飬ǺһҶоģҲһĸоĵطҶоġ
ŵĻýͬУǾĸʹˡ
ΪʲôҪϲһˣ
Ҫϲʲôˣ˳֮⣬¶ȥʲôġ
Ǹǽµİˡ
ûȷϵЩĶ׵ĺܡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬˵ԼҪ˵֮ͳĬ
ô˵أ£Ҳûʲô˵ģ׼ȷ˵ǵĶһˣȴǲֹֻһˣڹ飬֪𣿡
¶ڳ飬ʮֵĹģھǵһЩҲѾ֪
ҲΪ飬ŶԳЩʲôġ
Ȼ֪Щ鶼ǳҪģΪʲôͲܹܾЩŮأ
ΪʲôͲܹЩŮôأ
Щ飬ǶѾ޲£ڵҲʮֵʹ֪࣬ԼôǰС
Ҳˡ
˶Ĭ
ʵϣڳʱѾ뵽ҪٶȻصȥǸʱѾǲܵˡ
Щһ˸ңһӵ顣
˶˵ǡ
ڵϿһմȾʺ㻹ÿ
ھǸɣ˼˸ûа취Ҫ˼ȥָоá
ͳôһӣΪֻһŮˣҸӵɣô磬ǿϧǣûа취ûа취һôĹȥֻܹĬĬĿųһ˹ӣô֪ϸ۲һ£һƴŬģ
ͻȻŽ˵űǲ˵ģǴѵĽǶȣôҪ˵
ҪôͷҪôǽְռ뷨
Ϊʲô
Ȼ֪飬֮ǰһֱӱܣԼͳúõĹӾǣҪôٻ󣬵ȴǽˡ
ΪʲôҲ֪ô˵һ仰ȴûǾôֻϲ㣬ֻϲ˧һ㶼ϲҲ֪Ƿô֮ǰҲ԰ռȴǷӦˣʲôʸ˸ռΪаҿʲôأ
еˣ֪ǳгˣ֪棬Ϊʲôصط֪Ҫ𣬵˵Ҫû˰Ϊʱ֧ûѡŮ˵ʱ򡣡
Һ㶼һ֮һŮѡ֮ʣµ壬϶ûа취Ϊ̼Ҳĸ㽭ҲΪ㽭²źôܣҲˣҪѡˣһӾ͵򵽱ļˡ
Ŷ鶼ʮֵ׼ͽ½һ鶼˵Ҫ֪»ʲôѡ
֮ǰļ̫ͥ˳ˣʲô鶼Ҫ˼Ҫǿֵġ
˳Ĵڣ»
û˿飬Ҳû˿ԳѣڳжѾǻˮһ̳ҪûƾֵĻǾǳȴѾǸˡ
ûа취ĴڣѾ̫ı
µͷŲ֪ʲô
ڣǾЩ
һѾˣֻȴôû߽ȥ˭ڵʲôġ
ܳڿ˵Ҫһˡ
ı
һˣҲҪ¡
飬ǲЦһʵ
ھ޴ǰ鶼Ѿģ˱ĿڰĶЩ޷׽
̲ס̾ϢҪȥ߽£
ǣ֮ʲôأ
ʮ֮˾ţ˭һڰ
Щʱ˶ڱ
ٻӱŮİѵˣ
̼ҽãĸĹˣ
Ҫ˵ĻǳͲô׽ˡ
Ůӣ
뵽褵ʱĵģĶʹ
ֻһжѾԵôı΢
ڵŮˣǶԳǣҶǣ飬˴˶֪ҲΪ飬ӵ̾Ϣ
飬ôԸİ
Ϊʲô
ĵźȴЩʹڸоԼЩˡ
ҪҪҺͱŮһǳˣҪȻôܽ飬ǿ飬ҽҲһҪʽҽɿԸ
ʱ򣬳棬ͻȻ˽¾Ļ
Ŷû뵽»˵Ļֻȴ̾Ϣ˵㻹㣬ȴѾˡ
뵽ԼΪ˳ô࣬Ϊ鶼ˣŵĶʮֵܣҪһΣɲڡ
Ҳɣ˶ǻ仯ģȴһֱţʲôʱҶһģһݳƱ֮ϣ
Ѿ׼һУ룬ҪĺͺĻݳʲôĻѾ֪Լݳʲôˡ
û̫˴˶֪ôѡˡ
ˡ
ſŽ˵ϵƱˣֻȴƱ֪ʲô˼
߰ɣ뾲
¿ҹɫ˵ʮֵĸӣ˿ôûа취ƽϢ

Ҳ֪µ˼ֻһջˡ
֮طһƬž
ͻȻֱ˸ˡ
ûлͷΪдţ˭⡣
ڽµǰûκε죬еֻΣ鶼û
ҪǸһλᣬҲѡǽµĴڣûð˺ѷΣ
Բ𡣡
Ž˵Ҳ֪Լ˿̻˵ʲô
µһ˵ôطģԼõģ
Ҹģҵʱ绰Ը⡣˵ǸˣôŽЩݵʵԼԼʹ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ʮֵĺãҲ֪Ҫʲôǳ٣ҲûʲôҪ˵ɣ


370 ÷
˵⻰±׼ȥˡ
ͻȻһѽ¸ס֪Լ˵ʲô
ĲΪʲôߵһ
оʮֵı
֡Ҳû뵽סû뵽ᱧůְȫĻôûа취ĻпܻŮ˺
šôԸ֣֪ԼһˣҲһжⲻҪģ֮䷢飬Ҳ֪ĵңʲôģȴһֱ㣬Ҳ֪Ҹô˵ҲһӣǴ˿ҵʱ̼ǹҵȴ㡣
Ըƭȴǲ֪´˿ĵ׺ΪʲôͲԸƭأһԶĻԣҲùᰡ
ûа취ʱ򣬱˴˵鶼ʮֵĳء
˭Իϲ飬ûпǹ˵棬ǵһжˡ
Ǻǣʲô˼ЦЦĺܲãȴʹҪȥ
Ҳǰжʹжˡ
ҡ֪ԼҪôջһأݺݵĽ¸ԼĻ棬һѽ¸ӵ׹
ûд¶Щɵۣû뵽飬֪ԼþܾǸý˰š
һУôͻȻ
գۣ˳Ȼˡ
˵׾˶ٷӣ²֪Ҳ֪
һ̣һʱ棬ȽϿĵʱ̡
һжڸı䡣
Ҳ֪ҵδʲôģϣҵδǺһЯһߵ棬ҲΪǴµ飬ҿǶѾЩݳˣȴԸҪԸ⣬ѡ㣬һΨ㣬ҳ뿿Ů˲ſԳɹҲ˰
Ž˵ջ˾ʹ˿Ƕǣ޴ľΪˣһĵʱ
¿ųЩ˸ģǸȴǼû뵽һôͻȻ
ȷƭ𣿡Ѿˣûа취Ĵ䣬òײŴ˵ħ֮߳һҪŪȥĻôûа취ܡ
飬Ұٷְٿ϶
Ҳ¶Լľģǽɣ충飬оʲôʱʽ飬Ǿͽ飬ҳҵŮˣȴôԸһֱȥˣ֪Ұ㣬ҪȢ㡣
⻰ôʱȴǶŮõʥҩ
ûжĻ¼ͳӵһ
ţ㿴
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Ȱ˵ģջѡңҲԺεģڣӵ
Ҫ˵²Ƕٵġ
Ҫ֪֪ȴ˶ʱ䣬յȵ˳һ仰
鲻鷢չ̫Ѹ٣֪ǳҪ¶ģҲҪնһС
ˣҲ֧ʲôģҪʲôҺҰ˵
Ůⲻǣڶûм޸ǶѾΪˡ
ĺǸжģŽ˵鲻Ҫ˵ʲôԼ㶨һԺ㸸˵ЩΧߵļһҲúʰһġ
һӺɷ򣬵һˣҲԴףҲСۡ
±ҪֹģΪЩ˶ǷǸ󣬵ͻȻ뵽ǳΪһˣչȨʱ̡
ΪʲôҪֹأ
ңҲôˣǿгΪͷأ
鲻±Ƚϣʱȶѡ
˲ͬ飬ǽµ˼Ҳʮֵƽ
Ҳǰ취Գ§һɳϡ
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ֻǣ˶ûдŶʱ䣬ȴˡ
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ôİ
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ȴЩȣܵҪվȴסˣ֪˭÷ֻû뵽һﾹȻЩ겻ɢĵطҵˡ
һ֪ˡ
÷ǵĶ棬һһݶ¶˫磬ó̲סһۣܿͼǵԼ
¿Ż÷˵÷㣬ôˣЩ飬ֹǻ÷һٶʲôǻ÷˵һ仰Ҫǽġ˼ȡͳһĻǻ÷ͻ֡
鵱ʱ»ǲģǲ֪ôģȴʮ飬Ҳ֪ʲô
÷Ƴһۣ˵ҪǲĻǽֻ»˼춼˵ɣ
⻰ǲɷϣҪĻпܻ顣
ûа취֮鲻ʮֵ
Ҫȵ飬Ҳ̫ңԶˣҶε˵ǸûǸĲôҪˡ
⻰ô˵ġ
ºߵĽԼͷڳĻ棬˿̵ȫһСŮˡ

÷Ц˵˵ѾԻסˣôţ˰ɣҲ˵ôˣЩԼԸܵǾҪĻ鶼ģҪǲĻǲŻģҸ㿴һ㿴֮ͻ׵ˡ
÷˵⻰óԼֻ֪ôģȴͻȻЩõĸо
Ҳ֪ԼʲôҲ벻ôɣ
ֻ飬վҲֻ֮жѡ
÷־Ͳ֣һʼֵĻȴʯ쾪
˲ס˳Ѩ˵һС
ƵǸղŵĳƵ
鶼Ҫ˵ȻŸصǣ˾ȻһΡ
µɫЩѿջǳĬˣΪղųѾѡҪô飬ģûдģ˭᲻ߡ
ȻҲܶ޷ӦųʵʲôҪ˵𣿡
ûСƽ˵Ҳ֪ɱԣȴûа취Ʊ硣
ŶµķӦʮֵƽ÷ڴ˻ʲôȻҲǻ÷֪ղųѾͽ¶»ˡ
ҪȻĻҲ̬ȡ
һױ棬һסɡ
ڵȴеʱ򣬽ȴͻȻôһ仰
˲䣬Щˣ飬Ǿ鲻Ծɣ
ӻʮֵæ˵áںͽһˣȻҪЩ㣬ô㣬ŶѾˣҪǻĻǲӽˮˡ


371 
÷ųЦǺñ£Ҳ֪ôģǰı£˶ûаֻôһĹ˶㶨ˣһô飬ʮ
⻰ҲǴżֳҪ֪ô飬ȴһӾ͸㶨ǳ椼˵ãʲôأ
ȫĵųŻ÷˵Ǹ÷ʧˣվֻһŮˣϲˣҾҪȥ׷ѰҲԸôһ˿ȸҲԸͬľżһʲô˸ݡ
һʱеŮˣʲô鶼ԼĴ㡣
ʲôû˵Ž¾ǡ
һжôĺг
Ȼ˱˸֪֮⡣
ǲѾˣ÷ʮֵĴЩһӾ뵽ˡ
ΪҪô飬ôôųɣ
Ҫ֪ǳû֮ǰ͹ǸƵûа취Ҫ˵أ
ȻܴҲ֪µʲôĿģվǸлչôһʱ䡣ҪǿԵĻһһˡ
ҪʱըӽµŪˣҲѾ֪ԼΪʲôô׷ؽˡ
Ҫ֪ôһ÷ڽµߣʲôأ
ЩҶ֪ʲôģ㶨Ļȴûôס

÷ǿģǵһ˽Ƴȥ鵹Ǻ飬ͻȻðһ䣺£һ仰㣬ʱǵŵԣǷأ
Ŀһ£Ȼ֪Էʵʲô飬Ҫ֪֪ڲһ¡
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ǿŽʵʲô飬ҪǿԵĻҰˡ˵ĵڽµĶȴһס
϶ɡ
÷ôû뵽鶼Գ֡
Ҫ֪֮ǰͽ˵һ飬Ǿһصߣǻ÷ͻ취ȥֻҪ֮Ժ¾ͰĻȥ顣
˿Ƕʮ飬棬ȴǱΪʤһĶ
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ʵʱ򣬽ȴǺݺݵĵ˳һ۶󿪿˵㲻ҪκϣҺ顣
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ڳ˵Ҫ÷飬ǲ
Ҫ֪÷ͽ֮ǰһԼǾһºͳһˣǻ÷ͻ֣ΪģֻΪ˽˸ɢ
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֮󣬻÷һ䣺Ҫ޸ˣ㵽ʱô찡
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͵żʮЩǮ˿ӶԽĹ˼ǵĸܣԼͲʲôµӦ
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¿ԼƬһֵĴϣףҰɣҲΪˣҲΪ͵ˣȴˣҽ½˹죬һһӴϢǣϣλףҡ
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һȺ˷ɿĴ΢ĻûУֱӽԼֻ˦ˣǶôû뵽ԼŮȻѡһˣһһӡ
֮ǰѾоЩԣǶ֪ºͳЩ£˭û뵽ͽ¾Ȼᵽĵز
ֻôһӵʱ䣬µ΢˸ˢˣҪǳûп΢Ļֻǻֳ顣
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ϼŵ΢ǵѪùҪ֪һ͵ĹȴΪ飬綼ڿطˣе۰ɳơ
һǽŮ񻹸ҡ
֪ʲôĹ߲Ϊ̻ʲôŮ˱ˣϸоһ£ŷԼٶҸ顣
绰ˡ÷ЦֻһӾǽǩԼĹ˾ĵ绰
ҪʣǾǹ顣
µô󣬵ȴһûУ˭ԸˣЩϴ󶼻ָҡǮƣ˭֪Ȼôһ
Ҫһľˣ϶ֹ飬ǻ÷ǾĿϷҪºͳô
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˵Ҳ˵ô࣬ǸоǸŮ߲ƣ־裬ΪľǷֹԷ©ô˵ŮҲеĽ㣬ôŶԷʲô鶼
֪Ǳߺٻӱ˯˼ڣоô˵˶ͬ˰ɣ÷ųЦЦڳǾǶ񶾵ЦݣڶԷѾһȭͷĶħ
֪Է߲ƣе˵ָвǶģҾûˡ
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Ҳ֪Ҫ鷳ôһ£÷Ļ֮󣬳ȴͷˣ֪Щһﲻô򵥷ŹһȻ
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±ЩŭģΪһ仰ƽˣ֪һﻹǱȽϿסġ
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Щ˵ˣ鶼ĳֻҲô࣬Լ
Ҫ֪Щ˵ʲôĨҪô£Ǿɣ


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ǺǣҪԼӦԣҲ˵ʲô޿ɷ档
ֱӽŸˣ֪Щǲܹ˵ҪȻԽ˵Խڵˡ
ȴǴ޴ŵ
ҪʾЩ߻ǲģҪھһЩز
ڸô찡üͷ΢˵ֱӹɣ
ΪһˣԼĹϣĻºǸˣ˼Ƿʲô֮飬Ѿˡ
ͲǿǷ˿ſԳԷģҲԼļҡ
ҪЩ̫ʲôĻֻܹЩһƵˡ
֪Ը˶֪´һ۸ļһҲԼš
飬˶ûа취еġ
Ȼ˵˼Ǿվ˵ۣҪǽûнڳţа취
鶼ҪǸࡣ
Ǻǣ˶Ҫûа취˯ˣҲãͱЩһ͸ˣҵҪЩһôأ
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ֻǻ÷ȴǲ֪˿ھǱߣƺɶѾ׼˯ˣֻȴ˺ܶš
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һ仰˵ĺãҪһŮһҪȽԷͨˣſԴͨ档
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ʹǵһǶֻһӡ
ȻֻˣǸ𺣸ġ
𺣸ĵ绰˵˵ʱ鶼Щأ֪ԷΪ˽ġ
ֻǶԷҪʵĻô˺Ľ㶨أ
Ҫ֪֮ǰӦĺúõģתۼֳôһϷ˭ûа취úõĴš
Ŷ㻹ڵȴʲôӵ绰ˣӦףİɣ
¿ʲô֪ı˭ĺܣҲΪʵ
Щˡ
֪Լô˵˵Ҳûʲô
뵽Ž˵ģʲô飬Ҷ˵ҺǺѡ

µ˵ͷ
ͨ˵绰δоһ绰ġ
ϴ󡣡𺣸ǵͳΪʮֵĲ


374 ĸ
ӦһҲ֪ԼˣĬţȴ𺣸ʲôġ
һε飬Ҳ֪ô˵Ҳûʲô˵ģֻҪ˵˾ͺã飬ҶΪ㶨ȻЩŮ˵Լ㶨
𺣸⻰˼ʮԣֻҪǳ飬𺣸󶼿Ը㶨
⻰Ƿˡ
Լûʲôˡ
ãллף
Ц˵û뵽𺣸ôˬġ
ϸҲҪ֪鶼ѾˣҪǻֳʲô飬ǲ
Щ飬𺣸Ҫʲô
ȹҵˣнܻджʱҪǳɹˣͻһٵǶˣҪʧˣǶһк֮ǰһ
𺣸ͻȻ͸¶һϢǽоģ׼֪ͨó
ûа취Щı仯̫ˣΪյЩŶѾ׼פˡ
ҪǻֵĻֻº־ǿὫЩ˸һ
ôԷأ

Ҳʣ֪ҪԼֵʱ򣬸𺣸Ὺڵģ͸𺣸˶⡣
Ǳ˴֮Ĭ
Ǻǣû뵽ǾȻûгⰡһΪ㣬Ҫ֪飬ǿǺķ˲֪˵Ѫȴô򵥾ͺһˡֻʣµһҲ֪ôӦ
÷˵ңһˣʣһϲεģҲ֪ôźá
һʼЩ鶼ʱãǸʱ򻹿ԱֽжȣֻҪ׺ͽһ
Ҳڡ
Ҳ֪Լ飬ҶܱҪģһֱȥҲûʲôô
˵ľ飬飬ȥôࡣ
÷̲סЦ˶˵һ֮㻹ı˵⻰𣿡
÷⻰Ҳġ
Ҫûʱ򣬴ҶǺͺġ
һʲôۣǲΪ˵ʱ
ܳô˵ֻҪûо飬Ƕˡ
ȴЦ˵˵ЩҶףЩȴûϸҪһֱ飬Ҳѡˡ㲻ѡʲôȴǿԸ㣬Ϊҵѡ鶼ѾһˣҪʲôģǶѾûа취ˡ
˵ĵûдЩһʼˣҪȥȴѾûпܵˡ
Ϊǹ
֮ǰγԸһЩϲ
ȴǱľ𺳡
Ŷ÷Ҳ˵һֱطҲǰ취˶ѾڵȴˣϣԺ˵ôá
÷ǰʾǵһο顣
Ҳ֪ˣھǿͻΧǶɲԤĺ
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ĵͷ˵ͽ³ȥ
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ȻҲǺʹסЩйϵ
Ǻǣܸ˸λ֤һЩ飬һҪ˵ˣһٿһ߻˵һЩ飬ǾϲǾףҪߵˡҵѡ
ºǴ󷽵ĳ飬˶ˡ
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Ȼǻǿ˵ģǾǽ±ˣڳڵ죬ǽ¾Ϊ˸顣
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Ҫǰ˵һЩ飬ȴûС
Ҫûһ⵳ֶΣֻᱻʱ̭ˡ
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á
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ҲͽһŨʱ
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ȴǻһ㡣
ڳֻܹ쵶ն顣
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Ͼͽµ鶼ѾˣҪٿ⳵ȥ˼ҵļ棬δЩ̼˵顣
ֻҪͮ褣Щ鶼С顣
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375 ƽ
⻰ýºǸжһֱΪµֻм棬˭֪
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ȥɡ¿˵֪ʲô飬ֻǲ֪Ƿʲô
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˽̸ȴǲ仰е鶼ȴǰδеů档
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ҵʱҵĴѾˣΰǿǸȴףûдǿףҲ֪ģϻһѹع󵶣ֻҪҽȥ͸ֱӽնɱڵµ̬
ĺ㻹ҼңȥûһɣΰǿֱӴȵȻΪ褴򱧲ƽ
ʤţ˿ûг˵ʲô˼Կ̬Ρ
Ѿ֪ˣҪ֪˼ʱԼʲôû˵ڵֱӺͽôһϷⲻǽǸɵӣ
ϵʱǳ˵ˣǶʲô⣬Щ治ˡ
ֻŭ
ʤ棬ſһء
ҪҪȥôҪΰǿһأǳ˱ôȥ
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Ҳ֪ԼܹȥҪȻ϶ἤ˴˵ìܡ
ֻǣҪǲȥĻָôʤƽ̸أ
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ΧһЩ˶ˡ
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ҲмֽǣҪ䶯ĻҵҲ֪ᱻ˵ʲô
ŵʤ̾Ϣһһ㣬ҪĻֱӴҪûУ飬ʲô
ԼľǾǽΰǿһ٣˭˵ס·ˡ
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ϣûʧʤ˵ЩҶ׵ĺܡ
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е̬ȻҪеģ˼ҶԼ˵ˡ
ҴˣҲ취ֲʱ𺣸ὫǵĲǣܲʲôСС˼ϣ¡
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㲻öҵǸʲôõǸһϧԵ޷֣ҲʲôֻΪһףվǻЩʧ䡣
ʤ̾Ϣһ˵ҲЩܡ
ûпѾóܵģ˼ϲҲܹһֱհɣ
ҪҲԽһҲԸ檣ҲûԸ檣ЩҲֻѡ
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ʤƿģ̲ס̾Ϣһ˵СӣҲ֪㵽ʲôȴҪһ仰˵˼̫ˣʲô鶼ǵڶûбڽе鶼Ū߰ģ⣬ʮ֮˾ţ㽫鶼°ɣ
ʤĵѳЩ˵ʣ˵ȴǲһóĽȥ
Ĭˣ漴ʤ˵ɻǸңҲ֪ҿʲôȴԸҵѪȡδһС
ðɣҲ˵ȥɣôִʤЩʧĸˣ֪ʱ˶Լı磬ֻǵ˺棬ոıˣЩԸⱻıˡ
л½⡣
˵⻰׼ˣʱѾ̫ˡ
ֻǳո߳ȥʤȴðһ䣺ʱ俴ɣҲãʱ̶ľԼѾһûлؼˡ
֪ʤ˵˭Ҳ֪ԼȥһۣĽ
ѾҪΪ˵ĶˣôҪ˵һ
ǲŲ̵飬ȴԷֶ߳Ρ
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˵и𺣸ͺһͨͲҪȥﶼûôá
˾ߡ
褻оΪĲɱİĲˡ
ǾĿ褣ǵһθоŮôƯÿһζܺõĿסԼҰġ
֪ԼһҰĵˣֻΪĽ̵һֱĽԼҰĸסԿסҰĶ೤ʱ䣿
ôˣ
褸о˶ڿ棬æ̧ͷʵ
̧ͷһ̣о綼ʼɲͬɫ
ôˣ
һϲ漴ȴһ
ͳѾİ·ˡ
ǸĿЦЦֱһİ칫ȥ֪һ϶档
Ӱʧߵʱ褸оģûа취ƽҲѾһ֮еħ˰ɣ
ȴǲڣ֪ԼŬá
һ·Ѿ֪İ칫Ҳ裬һǸոݺõģȻʱ䶼׼ˣȻҲп˻㱨ģڳȥһط䶯עĿ
ɡһ𵭵˵رķɣ̸飬Ѿ͸𺣸̸ˣҲѾͬˣڳҲ֮⡣
ںһֻˣ鶼ƲԺ
źһ˵һεʮֵıǸŮ顭ЩǱҪ˵ģϲԼ鷳ˣ


376 ս
һûпֻǾų
óмַë֪ԷڶʩѹģûжԺͮʲô
Щ˵Ҳ˵˼ѾҪ
֪óЩǣһȴǵĿ˵
ҪˣȻѾ֪ΪʲôҪҰ
Ϊһף飬ҲЩˣ˵㲻ţȴҪ㣬ĿŮһ⻰óֲ٣ÿһ˺һ⼶ĹԱǶѾӰۣʹһİǰԱ˵ĺһ
ʲôֱ˵ɣźһ˵ûô˼Ȧʲôġ
Ȼ㶼˵ˣҲ֮ǰ˵黹ЧһӺͮʱĲҵһЩͺӣǵĺӵȹ̣㲻Ҫ˵ʲôҲţֻһŮʹŮҲΪһ
һҲʵʵ˵ˣֻǷпǹͮʲôأ
޷⣬ΪʲôĸףỤ̊Ůȥʲô
֪һǺãǻ
ҹɫ
һ˵ûа취Ӧ㣬Ҳ֪֮ǾΪҺͽѾ׼ˣʱ˿϶˫˫ܣҪǶһŮ˺ͺӣʲôҲ֪Ҫһôһӣ鶼ҵĿ֮УⲻҪġ
֪ЩһʼˣҪҪо޴۵ġ
һҲ֪һ㣬ֻǼҡҡͷ˵֮ǰ̸ˣȴǸһ㣬¼Һһңʱ̼ҺͽǺϲһֻ˲䱻ǸϵҪǷϣôأҪ˵ʲô֮飬Ѿ͵Ķٱ˰
һѾֵֻֽǿЩԿ棬飬ȫͺûйϵ
Ϻһ˵ûд
ҪںһλãҲѡ
ΪνİȫУΪ޷аȫеĶ
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Ҳ֪ЩΪ㣬ҲΪ룬ҪҴӦ㣬˿϶ҲŹҵģʲô鶼ҪһֱΪתƣ
ѾǵʮֵһǺţƺ壬ֿҲʲôӡ
ʲôЭ鰡ֲھͺһ˵ģҪھҪŪҷԸ⣬ΪûпĵǱҿɲҡֻԤ֪ʲôԤɣ
ò˵˵ǻ޾ģһΪδǵһֻǳǱҪβչˣ
˭ΪѾһɹʿˣôںһ棬ȴǱûп
Ƴ˶Էһۣǹ˵ĺܻƣȴһ䣬飬òûа취쵽ɣǺ֮ǰһҵĳɹǱȻ顣
⻰ЩԲѣ׼ȷ˵ȴôһ£ʵǿԿüѾʼΪˣЩʣµΪбºԿ
ΪҪǣѾʼĥýԼ˸ѵһʱ䣬ʱֻҪѹôˡ
ţ໢жɣ˵ҪûϵĻǻжİǰһ⻰˼ƺǱų̬
֪㲻Ů飬ҶԴ߸һҶû⡣ǿ϶˵Լĵߵġ
һĿųҪӳ濴һЩ̾Ϣһ˵ҪֻһŮˣ޻˵ҪкܶŮˣŮҪһЩһȽϣҲġ˶˵ԸһģǺǣҲʲôλãͮҵŮһעܹ򵥣Ǽˣһȴıض
һ֮ôżһҪԭ˵ģΪԼǣΪ忼ǡ
˶оΣжٸһ˿յأ
߲һ˵ˣһЩУһЩεķ˻ôأ
µľӹˡ
ˣˣǶǿԵϣӹˣλãǱǻܴı
Ҳ֪һ㣬ڻǵͷ˵ҪˣһŮһϯ֮ء
ڳУһӶ顣
Ȳ裬֮͸ȥսˣҸһСʱһСʱ֮һƬңҪ飬һСʱ֮ǸʲôǾͿԼˡ
һһֱǽˮ©һСʱ֮ڣȥץЩΪľǱǳû٣Ҳ͸𺣸õ飬飬ȥˡ
ãˡǲȥ֮㿪ʼȥ֪ԼʱѾˡ
֮Ѿˡ
Ҳ֪ˣҲû˼ô࣬ڴսҪˣôЩ飬ֻǶԲԼֵܡ
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Ѿ׼ˡ𺣸ͷ˵ӱֱȥӦŵģһЩСҲ໢
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֪𺣸Ҳ֪һ㣬׼˵ʲôʱȴǴ˼ٵĽŲ
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־ǿǴͷع㣬֮Źع˵үҲһڷôȴֻܹһڷ粻ֹҲ֪ҵδΣǽһҪӮϣ㱣ҡ
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ÿһ֮󣬴ҶʼѪս
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һʮֵ׳ۣĳǰ档


377 Ԯ
ҹԽֵϻ˵ġ
ⷢʲôˣ
Ҫ𣿡
Щ˺໢ˣĪǣҪս𣿡
ЩһӾϳ໢ˣֻǵĶڼɲôÿ
Ѿˣʵǵ̣ƽұǸ𺣸ǰ渱ʻ¸·ڸ𺣸ߡ
Ҫ˭һը־ǿض᲻սʤϧûı¡
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Ȼ˫ûԼսǸ𺣸ǰ֪һڱ˴ʵʱҪ͵Ϯ޴̸˫ڲļûа취ˡ
췽ɽ𣿡֮˸ɱĸ󻼣ҪǶԷߵĻоԼҲЩǶԷǾ
Ѿˡ
ƽԼŷɽȥģǱȽϽ˵ҲһЩ˿ЩˣҪЩʲôĻҲԼʱӦ
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磬к־ǿЩѣǧҡ
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ź־ǿЦǱĸһжܺá
ҲһݽɫѾǸˣ˭뵽ǾȻǹҲκϹЩ֮ϲֻҲǾǵѣӵҲˡ
־ǿЦ˵ѾһеӦֶΣǱƽ뿪ķɽߡ
ǻǵ͹ˡ𺣸оôãҪͻȻֻ֣²ҪǾͻᱻУǾҲжôİȫ
ʤȴߵǵӪָ֮ŷɽ˵ɽþòҵġ
һ㶣ôû뵽ʤͷɽжԹ
ҲǺ飬Ҫ֪ԸɽʱȻû̫⣬Ǻ־ǿҲǳصģֵѹǸ˵
־ǿҺս
ָź־ǿ˵ڶˡ
Ǻǣ˵
־ǿǲʲôһ۷ɽ˵ֵܣͿˡ
Ȼˡ
ɽһҪΪĨɱ˳ǲ⣬Ƿú־ǿһû˼ᡣ
Ϊô״ŵ
ھǵĻɽбú־ǿ˸ո³ͱɵʵš
˫ڶţڵԼ׼ãһ˵ɱ
ղײգھͽһжԹ˶ˡ
ѧϰԼʵҶԷҪûдЩǹеĻһжʲô飬ǳ顣
ֻҲֻѡ
һʼ˫սʱЩֱҳһš
̼ҾͰ˶ϣ˫ѪƴȫΪңʹ֮Ƚ϶˺Զ
̼ҾսȴǿԿ̻ǻ˶ѪȴǱԥĽ˳ҲԿ̻Գ˼
϶Ѫȴǳֿȭĺ˺־ǿԿ˫սʱΧ˶ԶԶġ
ȻûбһӾ͸ɵ־ǿÿһЯǿڵᴫ޴𵴣Χ˶Ըоĵ𵴣ǸӶ
־ǿĹصǱˣĻ磬ЩϻѪۡ
һֱûкͺ־ǿ֣ڲǵһ֡
ֺ־ǿʵĻҪǿǶԷĻֻпܻѹԼϧԷǲһЩ
Ҳôһ㣬ȴпܻú־ǿ
ˣʱҲڼ쵶ն
һȭӭȥ˷·𿴼ǳоΪԵĻǺ־ǿо˳һǰơ
־ǿû㣬Ĺص·һѪֱֱȥƺҪôһ̽
ʵȴЩпᡣ
䡭ȭͷȣһǿֱӻ˺־ǿ壬Ѫֱ緢
־ǿĵûеͷʤѾ˽
˶·ôһ
ϴ󡭡
硭

־ǿСǶɵˣôû뵽ԼϴȻһȭࡣ
Ҳûеõٺô־ǿһţˣˣûͣԼеĵ
һֵ̣СǴ
Ҫû⣬ͬھĽ֣ʹҪ㶼ûа취Ϊղȫ־ǿˡ
ϡ
ǧһ֮ʣһֱ֧˺־ǿĵ˫̶ȥ
ֻôһʱ䣬ȴѾ㹻ˣʱȴһѾҡҡ׹ĺ־ǿҶ
ɱ
Ҳ֪˭ڰΨһͷǳʤ׷
ɱ
ûһȻǳ໢бˡ
û˭а취赲ơ
ʹǷɽѾо
ɽĸΪʲôղҪͬھͺˣΪʲôҪɱôһ
ŭĿˣһˡ
ȳС
ֻǶԷһļ㣬һǾĥѣǶԷɱоԷڵ֮߳һ㡣

ɽҲһϵˣ־ǿѾ˸ˣë߰
ôһѾûкļֵˡ
˶һĻ
׷
һֱڿŵĸ𺣸ָӵЦݣһεʤǾ֡
һжֵãսڲӣȴһߵˡ
Ϊʲôһ䡭
־ǿڵϣͻȻоԼ׳־δ꣬ǲģʱѾûˡ
˵ڶûǶѾľˡ
ֻĲġ
һֱΪԼΪеףգȴֻܹź뿪
ʱ̣޷ܡ
ֻǣʹ޷ܣҲֻܹ˰ˡ
û˼ź־ǿۣΨһĿľǽɽɵˡ
ʤҲ֪˼Ҳ׷ȥˡ
˳ĳ̶ȣʤû뵽ģҪ֪֮ǰһֱԤƵ˿ս׼ȴɾͽ㶨
˭޷ġ
ȻҪͻǳģҪƴ˭뵽ɽ
ֵܣǣ˶ȥ׷ɱˣǸ𺣸ҪսΪҪǣҪȥһͻȻɱİ˭


378 Ļ
Ǹڳ֮վԭأˮϵĴӶͷϵȻղһ˵Ҳʮִĸ
ֵܣлˣǣ𺣸ʵ֪ӦԼϴѣҪȻ˼ҲԵ޹ʰǡ
ǳ̸С˿Ÿ𺣸شǱ͵Ǳȥѧϰ
ʵϣһʱ䣬һֱǻ
ûа취վĻǣ㶼ѾôˣҪǻһѧϰʲôʱ򰡣˼ҶѾܲˣ㻹Ҫط׷˼ǲܵˣҪҪɳǾҪѪˡ
ôһ仰˲¶ȥƴˡ
ǣÿһսĺۼǾԼȨ顣
ȻҲʲô飬ûʲô
𺣸ȴһ˵ԭԼֵܰϢһ¡Ҳ֪ղѾʮֲˣȻҲȥ׷
¸·ȴǸоΣգΪλѾôȶһˣǽ

¸·ǲʣ֪ԼҪ㹻ĵλǾͱҪԼȥȡ˺ܳʱ䣬ѡһ취ǾԼǻۡ
֮ǰ¸·ȻҲǾˣȴûƴȴǲͬô˳֣оԼѹԽԽˡ
¸·ЩС˵ҳǰȥһҪŹЩһﶼֱץסˣǶкܶװģЩ˵ĸҷҪˣЩ˵ģ׼ֱӴˡ
Ҫ˵ôһսʲô˶ûУǲܵ顣
ֻǳ飬Ҫúôġ
ҪȻʱǸһ鷳
ҪǺһ飬Ǿֻܹ˽ˡ
Ͼô飬˭ڸǵס
һЩװ˲䶼ֱۣͶˡ
Ƕû뵽¸·ɨսģֱԶͲˡ
𺣸ǱȽ͵Ŀ¸·һۣС»ǱȽϿ׵ġ
ȥ׷ɽˣô˵ǸһҲĸ󻼣ҪǲɵĻ˭֪ʲôأ
һ·ϣҶ׷˭֪ǰ·Ƕˡ
ǰܵȴЩңô˵Ǳ˸׷
׷˵ǱȽˣʤߡ
ЩСŵֱͶˣ֪ȥھܳȥûʲôôһпܻἤŭ໢ˣֱ໢˻ɱ˶пܡ
λ磬ǷŹǣǱǸŹģĲҪİ
ǴˣҪͶҪɱǡ
Ƿˡ
Ͷһ٣ûзˣǲ㱻ɵˣǶƴ
Щ˸ץסܹɱǣѸٽطʰһ£ôᾯ鷳
ʰоֵĵ̿һĻ˵Ȼ֪˼ǶѾʤˣҲоǳƽǶȥ׷ɱЩбܽˡ
һǴʤˣں־ǿ֮սǸָɵˡ
ȻҲΪƽӲǿסһٽɵʣµǱƽֵ̡Ū
ڴѶҲҪŪôˣΪڹŴŪôֱ֮Ϳ԰
Ҫ֪һǵźܴķգ£ЩʲôĶˡ
Ҫôʱ䶼ҲЩ˵ȥ
ǡ
ЩСܶʮּ˵Ǿ֪кϷˡ
ֻûа취סǼһˡ
ĺʤ˵һ˲ʮ
ɽǴСܶѾߵĲˣȻһЩǱڻ·ϣסĲ
Ҳûа취һǸСˣѻ𰡣ǰһ˸ŵ֮˵Ҳ֪Լûϣ׷ȥˡ
Ҳûа취ȫʤ飬ֻǶʮֵ׸㶨ˣԺʲô뷨˵˵
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵ˣǺʤЩ飬ųʵ
ȻôҪһ㣬ҪȻ˫Ϊƴ
ΪҪǣڳǿҪǳĺһֱĻǺʤǿĶС
Ҳ֪׷ϣźʤ˵֮ǰԵңҲԵ㣬ҳһֱ˵㻰ϣǶǾˮˮֻЩһһ䣬ǶǻˣЩ˳˻Լ˵ͲҪˡ
˼ǺʤҪ֮ǰһ
ЩһﶼǳѪļһ
˵֮ǰôǳ֪ﶼѾʹˡ
ȥ˵ΰ
Ƕûа취˯ˣҪ֪ô飬һӾͿԸ㶨ģЩֵҲô򵥵ġ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˵ĺúõģЩȴ˵
ԡҲ֪һ㣬Һòĺá
˫ʰо֮׼Ѹ뿪
Ҫڶߣֻǻᱻ˸鷳뿴ġ
ˡ
˫Ĭ뿪ˡ
֮ྯ춼ˡ
ҲһĬ˫ķλǲͬġ
طʲô鰡
ףôѪģ
ڻƴǱŶҿطܶë˽ɱЩţ򡣡
Ǻܴ飬ΪǱʮϸǾǽһЩطɱ
ⲻྯ춼ǿ˱飬ҲֱӺˣҪ֪ڶѾˣǻʲôԥģ
Щ֪̫ˣԼҶʮֵĺҲûʲôʬ֮ģҪǲ˵ǲԼ鷳
Ҳ飬ĺ˵ط˻ƴģճĬˡ
Ϊһ鲼Ҿõ·
֪ҲԼйϵ
˶³Ĭˡ
ʲôûУӴֱӴظˡ
һжôĺг
ǵһΪǶҪ˵Ϊ˾
廹𣿡̾Ϣһʵ֪ԼǸʱ뿪϶ܴ鷳ֻҲûа취
Ǹʱ嶼ҪߣҪǸطҲûʲôãǸ̼뵽ģҲ֪Ǹ嵽ʲôġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰûڵǵЩˡ
ܺáǱȽϳĬʣͲ˵
ŶǱѧϰʲôˣʮָлһģȴ̲סҡҡͷôһ
ѧϰ˺ܶĶоľû˿۸ˡ֮ǰֻһС˭ˬ˶۸ȴǲͬ˭ûб۸ҲԼıˡ
ǺǣðСԺҲҪˣֱӸҰɣЦѾбºһˡϣһ˰æ֪ɽġ
ҪǵʱԷһֻߵսҲ
ΪҪǳоϵǹɱô˵СҲѾܱͨˣٻȥҲǲܵˡ
ãҸġĻת˵Ҫǳ̼㣬㲻ҪᣬҪǸұ㣬ֱŪǣҪʲô֮˵Щ˵֮ǰ㣬֪ıˣҪʲôʲôҪֻǱԼˡ
Ȼ͸¶ʲô⻰ó֪ͳ̼ҵĹϵѾûа취صĵز
ҲԼԼ֪ԼĸĸǺͳ̼йϵֻҲôҲ
鶼Ѿȥˣôʲôأ


379 
֪ԺʲôĿꣿ
ҪһãǾҪ˽ԷһЩ飬˼Ҫʲô㶼֪㻹ô˼ҵ档
ҲǶµļԦ׺ҲʮֺõģſôӦ֡
Ĭһ˵ҪФǿ𡣡
û뵽뵽£ϸ룬ҲǱȽϼ򵥣Ҫ֮ǰ˸۸б£Ҳǻҵ˱
Ϊһϴȴǲܹʲô֪ģԷʵͶԷĳж󰡣Ҫ˫ĳ޲ĻǿԳָ㶨Ҫ֮Ҫá
֮ǰЩ޶ɣÿһʱڴ֮ͥ۸ңֻһβСĿһŮҰսѡڣҲôֻҪˣֻŪ֮󣬸ܴ鷳
ǳߵˣЩҵĻǿ϶ֱӶԸ򹷿ˣ˭֪ҪǳҪԸҲЩ鷳
֮˵ĻҲҪǷô
ʵ֮ԸҲı˲֪١
ȻҪͶǳû㹻ıº͵Ļ֮ͻ뿪
̾Ϣһ˵ֱӿǣҪǰæ֪ԷҪȴҪôһ̬ҪǶԷҪĻҲԳ֡
ճǱȽʵʵģҪôαҲˣôһЩȻˡ
鲻ҪҲԼĽѾѧϰôʱ䣬ҪǻҪ˿ŵĻҲЩѪʲôǿų˵ֻǱҪĻֻǡ
һᱣãҪǸĻҲᴦãԷģ˱Ĳ˵ֵܻǱȽʵʵģҲ֪Ҫı¶ûУ˭ǻ죿
ֱ˵ֻȴ룬Լôļ棬Ҫ֪ɴСҲ֪ô죬ϾҪǻȥĻҪûôı£ֻǻ
Ҳ֪ѶжһıҪ˵ûʲôη壬Ҳ٣ûа취µԷұ
飬Ҳ˼һ£ּ˵ҪҪǰ㽫СӸһԽ͵ǰ
ܵ飬Ҫֱӳ棬ֱФǿǱ߶ˣ鲻á
ԡȴǺ˵Ȼ֪Ѿ˾޴ЭʲôģҪ֪ĺǾеĳ޶ڳϡ
Ҳһ飬ϾЩͬ
ʲô˵ڻ̸Ƿָ飬ֱӵ绰͸𺣸ͨЩ飬ʱҪǲãǴͳԿ
𺣸Ѿ˸壬ֱӸùȥ
Ҳ֪ĺôӲǽЩˡ
̸ڳĵ̣ǳ˱Ƚ϶࣬ΪҪڵЩͬ
ʤԼұ֤ԼİȫϾĵѾ˸͸ˣЩңҲ֪Ƿǵط
ڰ֮ǰ˵ģǸһ룬ѡĵط֪ΪΣźʤʵڶѾһи׼ˣһ£ǲʲô⡣
ֻǺʤȴҡҡͷʮֵĲ
֪Էʲô̲סʵⶼѾ߿֪࣬Ҫʲô֮ǰѾ˵𣿡
ܼ򵥣طǿԲҪҪһŵ
ʤ˼ȻǸط֪ԷʲôҪ֪ĳŵûʲôãѵʤҲŮ
˵˵ɣŶԷ˵Ҫڲ֪ʱʲô鶼˵
Ǽ򵥣ѾӵϢЩһƻ͵ߣһֱ͵ɹģҪҽɱǣһǸ㣬ֻҪԭĵ̶ν
ʤһһ˵˵֮Ŀųϵδķչ
ȴʮֵĸˣΪʤĹϵǱߵҲĵˡ
Է·ô࣬ʲôأ
Ŀźʤʵȷû˵ĻҪ֪Ҫģ
𣿡ʤЩƵ˵Ҫֻ֪ҪŪЩһͿһ˶õ˳еķ֮
ǣ˵顣ŶԷʵһЩ棬֪ʤ״ʲôǣȻòҪ֪ǶѾֿɵõĶΪʲôôһ
Ҳ¸㣬ֻҪɱǣ㶼Ǻǲ磬Щ飬Ǹûа취˵ġֻҪΪĹҪĻʲôҪ˵ô򵥡
ʤų˵Ҳ˵ôֻ࣬ǵջҪæ顣
ҿһٸ𸴺𣿡ҪԼЭһ£յϢ࣬Ҳ֪Էǻʲô飬֪Ƿʲô塣
ȻԡʤҲʲô飬Ҫġ
ЩʱЩĹϵǲһӾͿԸ㶨ģÿһ˶Լ˼λá
ȥҵ𺣸ʵ׼طķ֮ǣֻҪһ顣
ϴΪûʲô⡣Ļո£ƽֱ˵ǲʲôôĵ̣ʲôõģ
ҪǸƳȥס˰ɣҲ֪ûǸ壬Щֻ¶Ǹ֣Ϊ˳׽սҲǹƴġ
֪϶о޴ķգǶѾõôĶʲôգҲֵõˡ
԰Ҫǰ˵Ҳʤˣô࣬ҪʲôǴһҲģֻĲ³𣿡
ȴǲΪˣǻʲô֮ģϾǶʲôʲôˡ
𺣸¸·ûпǶ˼ʱǺƽ˵ˡ
Ҳûпڣڵ˵
֪ǻģֻǲ֪ǻôѡأ
ϴҲãڶѾսֵѾսˣڴҶڹ̳ɹʱ򡣡
¸·ų˵ʮ˵ĶԣڶѾôһ̣Ҫƴ˭ܵ˰
˵ʲôǳԼôҪսֻЩʱǱƲѡ
֮ǰҲѾͶԷ˵ˣʱҪһѣҪȣһǵˣֻǲ򵥵ˡ
˵ҪǿԣҲκϾЩ鲻ô˵ġ
ϴطҪˣʱҪǿԵĻﶼ֮УģҲ֪ĵô󣬿ҪĻʹǲ֣Ҳ׸ô
𺣸Ҳ֧飬ô˵ô⣬ǲó³ȥġ
һ㶣ȴмЦݵ˵ʱЩˣЩ˳˴ɱɱҪеİȣа𣿡
УǸСҲöһˡ𺣸֪ı¡
á


380 ֲڿ
ȻԼߵ˶Ѿ˹ʶȻҲԼ鷳ˣʲôǶú˼ҪǺͶԷ̸аˡ
ʱ򣬺ʤǱ
飬ѹҲܴ
˵˫Ǳˮһսֻû뵽ǵôðˡ
ôһӾͽ־ǿŪˣЩ˲á
һ飬Ǿһֱںڰ֮еǸڶûг֣ƺЩˣ⵽ʲôأ
ΪһϴҪǲǲķ
ôǺ𣿡ʤʵѾ˰֪ǵô
Щط߶ҪˡźʤЦ˾ĻǱȽɵģŶԷ˵ֻЩ棬ʲôأҪ֪ıô󣬼ʹԼ˳棬˽ǸˣǲҲǸɾ𣿡
һֱ벻һ㣬Ҫ֪ɲǼٿ顣
ʤ̾Ϣһ˵ô˵أҪҲѾЩ˱߷ˣҲ㣬֮ԺϣΪ˽㶨ڲĻҪҪǱҪʱһܻˣ飬㲻ܾɣ
ʤļĸСܶǴģԼôҷġ
⻰óȻ
ôû뵽ʤ澹ȻæʵôܣǱ߲һֱȶ𣿡֮ĽҲ˵࣬Գ߶ںʤ黹֪ıȽ
ΪŸӵĲףʤ⵽ʲô
ǱǺȶЩȴǸ㣬ǾЩһѾǱˡ˶УгһֱһǿڿţҲ֪ɣ
ʤųʵڹԷǷ֪Ҫ鶼֪Ҳûʲô̫ˡ
Ҳطһʱ֪ģоԼڲкüЩˡ
ҲǺʤԶԭ򣬾СӲģԸûпܻᱻ˸£
˵˵ΪѶĳȴüͷĸӽˣ֮ǰɫ˵飬ǸʱûʲôͷҵҲֻ֪Щôֲ𣿡
ǺǣĴǸٿأҪЩˣֻһֱûа취Һ˼棬ǶʾҪҿԿס棬ǲ֧ҡ
ʱ򣬺ʤҲºͳʲôˣΪҪû˰ǿܻᱻ˸Ū·ϣ鲻Ҫġ
Ҫô죿źʤʵ֪Է֮˵ô࣬϶ʲôͬ
ղųףΪʲôʤһӾʹӦ̸УʤĸһûطԼˡ
ڳˣǾǺʤ˸ûθУҪȻҲ顣
ֻǣҲЩأ֪ʤ˲ʲôࡣ
ҪǵʱԼͽǷ鷳أ
취Ǽ򵥣ҲҪô죬ɼҵˣԼᴦֻҪܿң취֧ԮһţЩҲֶͬΣǻֱӽҸס
ʤѹҲСһֱ֪һطȴǲ֪ô죬Ѿ̽Щ˵ֶΡ
һ˵ø𺣸ڵ˵Ļ黹Щûа취쵽ģҲס

ʤ֮ųһǳ˵ԣһΪи𺣸
Ҫ֪ںʤûʲôֵεˣһЩĶûС
Ȼʤ֮Խôĵ̸ҲΪ˻ˮЩ˵Ŀ궼תƵϡ
Ҷǿס
ҽƽţ̣㰲һЩ˿ţҪʲô⣬Ӧ䡣Ҳ˵ʲôЩ˵ǴҶ鷳
⻰ڳ˶ɫ䡣
ΪǶʶʲôˡ
أ¸·оԼûϲΪ˸ųȥˡ
иΪҪ飬ȥĶҪǱʲôĻ֪ͨǡУ˳ǸԶ͹бµ˹ȥڰ·⡣
Ȼû˵ʲô飬ڴҶ֪鲻һɹĿʼֻһµĿʼŶԡ
뵽飬ǵĶˡ
ǡ
ڳ˶ˡ
͸𺣸߽ǻңʤɫЩѿ
һֱôĴˣڲŷ֣Щǻı䣬һô⧲
ЩĸһֱǸģȴԼԼмѱˣЩʤûϸȥ׷ȴҲǿԿóҶôϤôܻһ㶼ֲˣ
ղźʤ˵鶼˵һ飬һɵĸ𺣸ȴҲɫء
ôֲ𣿡𺣸ȻһֱڳУЩβͲ֪ʲô
֮ǰһֱСС֣ЩҲûע⵽
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˭뵽˾ȻԶ죬¸·һѪĸŽ֪ղſ϶ʲô˵顣
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ߣԼ˵ĺеҪҪҰھƸл㰡Զôһ䣬޳ܵˣҲĺܡ
漴ֿ˵㲻Ҫ˵ôϻֻҪ֪һ仰㵽ôԺʤ˿Ǽ黫ȴһֱҪһˣҪ壬ҪȻԼȥĵʲô
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ڳȫж˿ڣƳԼ֪ÿһѪ

ҲûʲôƣҲô֪࣬ԼڵЩ鷳ҪûиõĻư·пܵ¡
ֵǵʬҪãʱȥǱ죬иô飬ø𺣸ȥһС˵ͻȻתǰ棬ΪѾǸˣһԶһƯŮˣǸŮ˸ӵĳ
ϳöѾ֪ʧʱİѬȻˡ
ͼСϳȥʬʱϾǶѾ˲ôˡ
ôǿŶԷʵֵľ飬ѬӦŶԣԷѾʧ˲༸ˡ
㻹֪˶ǽӵһӣɱ㣬Ҳǽӵӣֻǹ㡣û뵽ˣҪһĻֻҲпܻطһѵɱѾߣֻʱ֪ġ
ѬһӾ˵һѵ飬Ҳ˶ԷΪʲôô׼ʱֻҲʲô
СǧҲǸжĲҪҪġ
ΪĻԼֵܵ飬ŶԷ˵ûа취ȥҽԺҪ֪ڵĺͻȻЩҲ֪ʲô顣
ȻԣΪȥҽԺѬʮҪ͵ҽԺǱߣȴôûа취˵ģǳϻһơ
ֱȥǱߡŰѬ˵Ҳûôˣ֪𺣸ὫãҪô顣
һСȴǿ˵ϴ֪һطǡ
ʲôطЩʵҪһطţԼоһѣΡ
ǰһǧתǱһСӣһֱǸطȥǾͷһСҽݣǾרŸ˵ģǱշʮְ󡣡
ǸСЩĵĿų˵ЩǮһˣҪ֪ķôǮҽһˣһԸ
ȥǱߡֱðѬȥǱˣʱǮԽ飬ڳ˵ʲô飬׼ȷ˵Ѿĸ̣ʲôùǣ
õġѬҲĲ֪طʲôƵĵطȻ˵ˣȻҲ˵ʲô
ǵǱߵʱǷط浹кö೵ڡ
ȥȽ˸˵Сһ㡣
оһͬϢһǿ棬Щ֪һ˵ǿߣǱˣ
ҽݣǰƣҲֱŽȥ浽ʲôڣҪȥˣǿԵȴȴǲܹȴˡ
˵ûб°һǧһС飬ҲĸҪôүôʹࡣ
ոսȥһֵ㴫һ鲼ڵסߡ
ӶҶ˵ʲôǮķϣԭ㡣һ洫
Щˡ
ҽˡ
ǴȥһཱུļһڴϣһվߣһЩǿǸҽǸҽʲô顣
һжóЩϡ棬ʱȴûʲô˼ôˣֻʵֵˣ鷳æһ¡
һˡ
Ǹҽûп˵ʱ֪ǸС˵طôԵˡ
Ǹƨɱ˸˵ʲôүڶҲӣҴ
ӿӣıȴ֪ʲô࣬ǶԷһѪҪǻʲôûǲӽˮˡ
үǲκϡү˵ˣ㲻ܹʲô飬طǹԹԵı죬ҪҪҸ㣬ҲҪү˵㻹Ǳɣ
Щˣû뵽ôиԵıڶˡ
ҲãԷôʶȤ
ҪеĻˢҰˣҪûеĻǾֱ͵᳡ȥҪطıʱ䡣
Ǹ˺ţƺ壬֮⣬˶ˡ
ȴǲò϶Էתĺܿ죬Ҫ֪ȻѾҪǮˡ
ãˢ㣬ȰҾˣСӵᴦ
Ҳ򶨵ûмææ˸ųȥ
ȻҲΪоˣ˾оǸǿߣҪȻҲôʲôġ
áǸֱӽӸһԣȻȥˡ
֮һʵǸСʲôͷȻ竣ȴӲɵ
ҪûʲôĻԼıҲԼ˵ȻԷһӲӡ
ҪȻԼıӽˮ˰
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֪ҿطǹˣ滹һǱըģߵ˶˿ڣǹˣֻǸղĶֳġ
ûӲˣǶ֪ڵΣҪǲģǾͲҪȥЩţƺˣڳˡ
⻰Ǹȴ˵ȥ飬иŪԵˣҶˣһҪôţŪ㡣
ǡЩڵҲ֪ӵԸĵûʲôҪǻһЩԼϰ˵֮ǿ϶ǳϻ̳ϿֵģʹԭǶпܻᱻԼϴ׷ôࡣ
ѾˢˣڿҽҲ֪Էʲô¡
ԷϳĲ֪Էȥˡ
ϳһɫһζ
СӣǺǣϺҲЩԾҪҪҳְһˡ
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ѬǸЦµĺܴ㣬ɡ
ҪĿԵĻǲҪ˵򣬾ǧ򶼿ԡ
Ҳûж˵˵ʲôȻһӾжϳѾûˡ
֪һ֣һһǿߣղоϢʹ˵ġ
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ŶԷ˵ʮֵƽҲ֪Լʲô
ֱˢ˺ü˵ģߵҲҪֻһû˶ѣϣǸҽһ֣ϵӵǱֱˡ
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ʹҽҲԸ㶨ԼԼӿٶȡ
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ҽҲ˵ֱȥΪ˴á
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áԼֵܣʮá
ⲻֱӸ
ôһǿߣǱȽŵġ
ڶԷǷὫŪȥȡʲô棬鲻Ҫ˵Цˡ
Ҫ֪ղһӶԷ༸ǧ룬Ҫȥ飬׼ݰɣ
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ҪʲôʲôðҪ֪һʼҸģͺûйϵ㲻Ҫţȥ֤һ£аô㲻취𣿡
е鶼Ϊһ仰̵棬Ҳ֪˼ôڣҪҪúһȥǣǲܵ顣
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˵ʲôôǸһйϵİǲѾϹɣҲ֪鼤ǱԵʣһüʡ
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⻰һ˵ʱúһëˣ֪ỵȴû뵽ᵽĵز
Ҫ֪ʱǶѾЩûа취ƾˡ
뵽һ𿪿˵ûʲô취Դ鰡ҪһܿٵķҲ֪ڳѾһƬңоҾҪһЩ鶼Щ
⻰ʵ
һʱа취ô飿
Ҫ֪鷳Ҳ١
ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ֻܹƾ棬Ҳ֪ôƻһѪսһͽ¶飬ʱֻ»иĶʱ㿴ôɣ
ʲôʱ򻹼ǵö飬ֲǲ֪жôУ֪ҪŪ㣬ڵĵλҲʮֵرȻڻûʽΪеߣ˶ѾΪжˡ
һ˼ʮֵԣǾǲʲôģʱѾǺˣҪϳĻֻ¸Ȩ󶼻ֻ֣µʱӵĻң鲻Ҫġ
Ҳ֪Ҫȴû˿ֹҪҾͲЩ飬Ժ󻹻˭ҸһأҶѾӦ˽£Ҫһη˽µĸӣԺһô
Ҳ಻òɣȴûע⵽׼ʱ򣬰ѬȴЩĵ顣
ƺҲϣͽһ
Ȼ飬ǹܲסҪľ׼顣
µôҪ
ãȻҪ£Ҳֹ㣬ңʲôط飬Ҳ׼
һҲ֪Ȼûа취ֹˣǻ羡ϵĺãҲԼߴôı
ˣʱһǺǱ߾ٰ충ʽʱܻмǧ˳ְɣ
Ҳô϶飬Ҫ飬ЩȻ٣߽Ǳߵ˸ǻʮֶ࣬ǽ»һЩĹ˾ǿ϶Ҳ
ĻǼǧ˶ࡣ
һʹȥڷǳʱ³ʲô飬ȴôʢ磬֪ô죬Ҫ͵·
պһǿĿס˵֪ʲôҪ˵һúô㰲ĵĶ˱ǣ飬ʲô㣿ҪдĻֱӸңҾȥǱ߱ȽϷˡ
һֱʰĲоҲǰ취ԺһҪԼߵ˳ˡ
һ˵ԣ֮ǰ㣬㵽ʱ׼þǣ˭ûа취˯飬ƻҪ㴦һ¡
һӾͱ̣ǸղôˣôҪźá
֪ˡǳ˵һ𶼻ᴦãҪȻҲÿ
˫Ҳ˵ˣڶæĺܡ
£ǽҪָл˯ˡ
ͣĸϻ˳á
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һȺ˺ǹؽеղų۷ȥ˵ҲǾ֪Լϴֿɶˡ
ֻǵȴʮֵĽţǶѾõһϢǾиս
ʹʮҪս˶ѾˣǶû뵽Լߵĵ˻ôࡣ
ôûа취ֹͣһҲ֪ⲻǳҪֻʵôпˡ
ǶϢãȥɣ绹Ҫ
Ҳ½˵ЩסҪǲϢãսֻǸͲ
ʲôϴҪսǶѾһһҹû˯ˡ
ǻʲôĴžʣǻˣ˶Ѿɨ˰ɣ
ϴһεĵʲô˰
˶һ㣬ȴҡҡͷ˵鲻Ҫ⣬ҲϣûеˣϧЩûа취ڲҪô࣬Ϣòġ
⻰ûдҪսֺãʲôٵġ
ֻڵʱĹϢ
ΪҪǣа취Ϣ
ÿһ˿ܶѾ˯ˣϾô飬˭µġ
ֱӳȥ֪滹ڵ
лոȥʤųл˵ҲѾ־Ǳ֪˸ղų顣
ʤȴ˶ԹѾûУǷ³һЩ飬֪ôر
ͲҪ˵ˣһȥٺǣ⼸ҲҪСһ㣬ҪȻֻ¡
֪ЩҪʤʹҲҪץסʤ
Ȼ˵Ѿ˸Ĳ࣬ǶٻһЩʤǱ
ûж˵ǽˮģЩ˵ôǲ
֪ˣֻһʱʱˡʤҲ֪ǷȥܵҪһ£ҪȻˣҲġ
ԼգЩ˳ֵĵطңҵʱôһ¡
źʤ˵Ҫ׼̡


386 Ұ
ʤҲ֪ĵģӿڴóһֽ֮ǰѾõġ
Ϣһ£ЩңҲûа취ôáڱӻʤԺ϶гͻٳطͲܹöԷκϡ
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ʤҲʮʶȤԼǼ£Ҫǻôţƺ壬ӽˮҲ֪Ƿȥ̳ϾʱȺף֪Щûа취ڣҲûа취ôˡ
ʤĲҽһм棬ҲԼĴ㡣
ϴ󡣡
ո߽ȥ˶վˣ𾴣ʲôʱ򣬳ǲʧ
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ڳ˶飬֮ǰһֱ֪ȥͻȻ˵ҪǺãǽǵһԱֱӽһͷ죬ǲͬġ
Ҫ֪漰棬Ҳǿųϵǵ档
飬ȥս˲̫࣬ȴǻӰ쵽
Ĭһ˵֪ûа취շǽѣԺһ
һνԼ˼͸¶˶һǶ֪ôȻ֪ĲѾе
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û˻ķǶ֪Ϊֱӵġ
ȻҪһЩѪʲôģ˭Ⱑ
ˣ벻Ѫ鲻
ϴҪҪһЩ˸ҪȻʱ˿ռӣ飬ԸɣҲЩҪǵʱһЩŵʲôģ鲻̫Ѱ
𺣸˼óһ㶣Ҫ˵⻰ǶʣǻΪ˫ʲôϵǸ𺣸໢ĵλ˵⻰ȴûκε⡣
Ҳ˼飬ҪǵʱҪֱӼܿȴûпܵġ
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ҪЩָʾĻʱҪʣҶ֪ʲôˡ
˶ûܲ͸Ķ
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֪ô죬ǿԽЩǱߣ飬а취ɣ˵Ͳƽ֮ǰôɾ
˵ŶС϶Ӵġ
ǱһֱЩĩ֮ĶҪˡ
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𺣸ǿ϶˵ȻڻûбǸ£鶼Ѿǵı֮Уǵţ˵ĴֱһһϵһǱ飬ǶѾʮþȡ
鵽ʱ˵Ӧǻ֪ǵ˼һֱڵϣǱһֱ֪ȥҺ־ǿ֮ȴûе£Ҹո˻ڻ㱨˵Ѿµҡ
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387 ϲ
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ֱӴ̼ҾȥʱҪһЩǹ֧бʣоǣʱ»һЩȨ赶ɱˣҪֱŪǣҲ롭
ʮֶ࣬ǶѾһͳģҪЩ˻ֻ֣µ֮Ǿû˿Ժǵˡ
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ʤҲ֪Ĵ㣬飬оԼʮֵҲ顣
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Ļ֮£Ҳ˵ʲôֱӶʣϴ󣬺ʤϴҪȥ

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ֻڳȥʱǶʮֵĺ棬ʤʲô

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ʹǺʤ֮ǰڵʱǶûĴôڣ
ʤϸ˸𺣸һۣ𺣸ЦݻӦԷ
Ļ£ʤȴмָжʹ֪𺣸һ˼ģô
˼Ҷ˵߲Ȩϡ
λöѾûˣ˼Ҹ𺣸ȴôԴİ
ǶԸ𺣸Ƚ͡
ںʤǱȽеʱ̣һһᱻ޷Ŵ󣬵Ǹ𺣸ǾǱʾǵˡ
𺣸λһã𺣸ԱߵȻҲԼλø𺣸ˡ
Щǲܹҵġ
ƽ˶ţҶλö˱䶯
ǡ
ʤ֪Լô˵ˣȴʮֵļ
λö䶯ˣλϵĳźʤʵ֪ϴǣ
Щ飬Ҳֱ˵ˡ룬֮ңΪľɣ
ʤ˿Ŀų˵Ҳô࣬ҲûԸ˵ôĻ
⻰һ˵ڳ˶֪Ҫˡ
𺣸ϸмЦݡ
Ϊ֪ʤ˼ѾˣٶԷܻڶʱ֮ôǵ飬ҲҪġ
ֻҪʤ飬Ǿͻ㹻ĺô
ô밡ҲΪ˱֮ǰ飬ҪĻҲ֪ʲôģȴʮֵαҪǸղǶ֪˼ֻڳ˶Ϊġ
𺣸Щ裬֪֣Щģ֮ǰһУǲֻһֶΣ
Ҫ֪𺣸֮ǰΪǱˣڲŷֳɲһ档
ϸҲԣҪǳֻǵΪʿʲôģҲҪĵز
ô˵Լһɣ
𺣸ô޷
ʤɲȥ𺣸˼ֻǿų˵ʱЩǶҪ˵ҪֻǱصһţҪٺãҲ󣬿ҺĹϵûôãǶ֪ʲôҲҪ˵ˡǳҵıȥģ
һ߲ƿ֮˶ڿųǶҪ֪ôӦ顣


388 ȴ
ҪҵѣҲ¸㣬һȺˣǵʮǿ󣬾ˣǶһа취ǿ⣬֮ǰһӶţǽżļǶ㹻ǹ֧Щ˵ı֮£ҵֱ߽ˡ
˵ȥ飬Ķûа취ƽЩȻȥˣǲڣ˶֪Ҳûпȥڸǡ
ĻʤȴƽȻ˼һжãҪǳʲôҪǲЩ
Ҳ¸㣬ҪҪŪˣЩҵˣҶҪŪǡҿһ޶֮ڴӦҪҪҿҲ԰㣬ֻֻԸʮ꣬ҪоʵĻǾͺ
ʤ⻰˵ʮֱӣȴ˼֮У𺣸ȴʲôû˵ֻǾĿԶȴǿŸ𺣸ǶҪ𺣸ʲô飬ǶЩʧһʲô鶼ûС
ûдҶʲôǶѾо˽΢գǶ룬֮ǰǷαװΪľı𺣸
ϸҲԣҪǳαװĻҪСȥ
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ȻҲתƱȽϿٵˣǾƽˣʲô룬϶վڳߣ֪һֱڱȥˡ
¸·ǺЩûôκϵ飬Ҳô࣬ǳˣ˭ûа취ıġ
ֻĻ֮£ȴۣŶԷ˵һʼҪҪ㽫Щĩ֮ƹ㵽ĵطҿģҲôԸ飿
ʤûֱӻش֪ǳ̽Ҳǳһ顣
û˻һˣ˫ֻǼ£ųһ
ҿ԰쵽ڹȴǲԸҲЩ뺦Լˣ֮ԽΪľǲǻܵ軹飬ǶѾı䣬Ҳı䣬Ҳ⣬Ҫ⣬Ǿͼ˵飬Ҫ޷⣬Ҳûа취ˡ
Ѿһ̨ףЦ˵ȫ⣬طôҲУĻȴҪУܹһֱǸǻˣԶЩһҲҪһ
ûпܽʲôնɱģǿǽս͵С
Ҫ֪Ĳ֪ΪЩĩ¼ǽЩ뵽ҲǶԵԼˡ
ЩһҪԼӲȥҵĻǳҲû˼ᡣ
ԣǹҲһЩհ׵ĵطҪһֱûǴĻֻǻᱻ˸󻯣Ҳûпһֱֺõ飬ЩɥĲļһǶпܻԼ飬Ҳ֪ÿһ궼֪жĶսɡ
ʤ˵ıȽޣǳȴ֪˵ʲô͵ˡ
Щһﵹǳȴǲ飬ŶԷ˵Щ鲻ǲĵģǴԼǿˣĵʱ˵оڲ̫õ˶Ѿʼˮ棬ڶа취ԴǣǷҲκϣ
ҲҪĲвʤҲǺúõģһս
ҲǿһĲν˸ںҲôˡ
Ļʤ˵ͷ˵ҴӦˣб£
Ҷ飬ϣҲμӡҲʤõ棬Ҫ֪ںʤ￴ǵˣ֮ǰﻹЩģҪľǽЩ˸
áʤȻЩô綩飬ʱҪǻ飬ǲ׳顣
ֻҪڳѾһҶƽҲᱻơ
û¶֮ǰ˭֪֯Ŀֲ֮µĸΣҪ̽֡
ʣµһЩ鶼Ǻϸ˵Ҫûб飬Ϣɣ绹һսҲûô˼;С飬׼Ϣˡ
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ʤҲȽĽٱĺò֪٣ôһȨ鶼ģԼ롣
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ʤ뿪뿪֮ЩˮҲ֪ЩСܹģôɺϣ
ղųͺʤ˵ĻҲ࣬Ҫǹؼѡ
ʤ뿪֮󣬳˵ղŵ飬ҲֻгѣЩǶϸһб飬ʱҲ
⻰ʵղҲֻǴѣʵϾû뵽ʤôϵҪʲô˵һ

ڳ˶֪һ㣬𺣸ų˵ϴϢɣǱߣҪҪ༸ȥ
Ҫ
ǸţƺҽڣҲΪʲôҪȥΪҪǸطһСܣȻ˵ˣҲ˵ʲô
ǣҲȥֱſ˯˵Ƚر𣬵ڶ飬ǵûôࡣ
һ˯Ͼŵ࣬ʱ϶磬ȴ˯ĸСʱ
ǵһģȴû˸߶ΪǶ֪Լϴ˯ҪǾŵϴֻ˶ŹǸˡ
һСʱ֮ǳбȽ˵ĵط֮һ˵ߵĻʮֵĸӣΪطЩ˽֮˭ߣһÿĶֻĿпܡ
֮ǰҲûз˶ʮֵĴ
˶ߣЩ˶Ǿ죬ĿȻҪĵأܹ˸͵ɹˡ
ȻҪЩһʲôôĶʱʲô÷飬˭֪
ϴЩʲôʱ򵽰
ң˭ֱѹģǶСһ㣬ҪȻʱ˸ʲôģҲҪ˵ûиǰ
ϴôô鰡Ҫ֪ǿΪ㰡
˶ЩģѪ˿ڿǰ棬Ҳʱ
ô˵ڶǴģЩӽˮ˰
ѾϢųˣЩ˻ôɵĹ
һŵģ˵ʲôֻܹʲô飬Ҳܲˡ
һڳϣʮֵ࣬Ҳ֪˼ʲô顣
ںԶԶĵط
ǲǾ죬ֻܹһԱҲ˫Ĭ߶һЩڿţΪľǵʱһ鶼˳
̸磬˵ǻ𣿡һһĸʵҪô˶طţȴʲôûʱֻǶΪһЩ˵Ц
죬⻰˵ģҲ룬ҪǲĻʲôƽǸ˵ȻҶֻǵһμ棬ЩʱЩ鶼ղˡ
ƽҲǱȽܹˣһӾͺǸˡ
˵ǣڳжѾ̫ƽˣԺ໥ΪײǣҪȻҲЩð鰡
˵⻰Ҳֻط̽һ£ϾҲ֪Щ鲻ģϣÿһ춼Ǵɱɱ


389 ǿ
Ǻǣ㲻Ҫ˵ʲôҲϴ˭ڳп϶ʮֵȶԷĵˣҲ֪Щ˱鶼ûУ飬ȴʮּ򵥵ġǴҶзԡ
ƽҲ֪Է˼Ҳͷߵźš
ʵϣ˫涼Ҫͨõġ
Ȼ໥˴ҲҪкͺģ
ܵ˵ҶһķΧ֮ڡ
֮ǰճ˼һЩΥ鶼ҪʱֱӸǱߣռݷֳɵģϸ룬ȴǽƵ±ߣʱһʲô飬Ƕֱӽ˼ҸŪ
鲻ɣ
ǲĻԼҲҪһЩҲ룬߲Ŵ㿪չһЩ໥ѡ
ֻĻ£໢Ҳ˵ֻԼԼͷųһЩźŶѡ
ĬˣҲ֪֮ǰʲôˣ˶ǻ仯ģ˭ûа취֤ôࡣ
ǳ߶˵ˣҲܷʲôġ
ֻϣҪֳʲô顣
ʵϣҹʱҲ֪Ϊ໢ôʵ˺ܳʱĻ飬ȴǺһʱʤˡ
Ϊһֱ˵ڳкòײȶҪǵʱֳʲôĻ˭İ
Ҳǽһ໢סˡ
Ҫ໢ֳʲô飬ǵʱ˶ֱҺһˡ
Ҳѯʵԭ򣬱Ͼһĺ̨Ҫϴ󶼵ˣôҲò˶١
ף׼
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ȻԶһҴˡ
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ǺǣҪչһԼɣ
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Щĸи漴ȻˣǸӽˡ
˶ڿһĻǶ֪пܻս
ǻжʱ䵽ߡ
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Ҫ˲ߴ󣬵˶Ķ֡
ʮӡǸһߴ͵ˡ
СİɣǱ߶Ѿ˵˻ǣʱҲҪչֳǵʵǡлɨڳһۣǵ˲࣬ȴһһĸ֡
ߵĻǣһʮС˼Ĵڡ
ǡ
ÿһ˶׼ԼǶûдƽ
ΪǶ֪ߵﲻʲôͷҪҪѪеǲܵ飬ʱôҲҪʤһЩɫ
ȻҪǶԷ֪Ѿ˸㶨ˣҲˡ
ЩϢôͨЩ˶Ը֪ﱻ˸㶨ˡ
ҪȻʱǶ붼뵽ˡ
طﶼûˣǹҪʲô
Ҫ˵µĻ˻Ĳ
ط׹Ǳߣ׹ǱҴɱпܳͷطҪû㹻ʱʲôģҪطҪ飬ʹǰǶһʱͷ
ûа취طҶ׵ĺܡ
ףȻһȺطǸô죿ʮֵĺãһӾͿЩصľˡ
黹Ҫǽ̵ֱɱ
ģ˵طľսʮֲǲǰʱֱǵѪǵĵ
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˵ģÿһ˶Ѿ׼ˣѾ뵽ԼôŰɱЩˡ
ֻĻȴЩ鷳ˡ
ӲѾ˰ߡ
ʱ򣬺һǴžֱɱˣǶ֪ʱҪǻĻǵʱûлˡ
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һ󺰵ӭǵȴһſӵ
Щӵһֱ漰
ҺЩ춼Ѿ׼һŷ¡
ҪȻĻǹģпܻᱻ˸׳ˡ
ϴҪҪȥƽѪҲڷˣôû뵽ô쿴ǣԼߵôֹۣҪȥ֧Ԯ
ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҫȥô磬ǶԶԸЩһҪȥ̫ˣ˼һġ
Щ˵˼ʮֵ𱨵飬Ҳ֪жٵˡ
ǡƽҲ̲ˣȻҲ֪ڵжô鷳ѡ񾲾ĵȴ
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ھʮֵĸӣᶼûг֣Ҳ֪Щһ׼ʲôʱ֣Ƕҵġ
ǺǣһжǽʤĻϣҪһʧܵĻЩ˵ķɣҪ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
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ҪʤǷƯ
ЩСҲǴүҲүʲôˣҪ֪үڽʱǶ֪Ķءסˣӽ
ǸŵĳЩսĲ
һƬսǸס˽࣬ǵĿ׼ȴԽԽࡣ
ȥáһȴ֪ҪôԼô˵ĻҲʲôý
˵Ҫˡ
ˣ飬ȴôû뵽ǻ᳷ˣô°
Ҫ֪ԷֻˣѵǶôǿ
㲻סһһӾͿ褵˼Ҳ볷ˣǵ˵ʵȴѾԤƣҪ˸նɱĻֻԼҲҪܶˣô㡣
ǶѾںˣʱȻǳֵˡ
ҪֵĻЩˡ褻ЩŲ£źһʵǾͲܹһ𣿡
ȻԣЩҲ֪Ҫ̫ˣǵʱôǴ
ԷֻˣȴҪܶĻôûа취˵Ĺȥ
ǶԷսȴʮֵǿҲʵ
ʱǶΣ֮С
ͨ˲֪һЩǿߵ塣
ЩҲûа취˵ԼܹͶԷȣҲһεľء
ڶԷ˾ͿֱѹסǣرΡ
߰ɡ
ĳǰľ֪ʲôˣҪλãҲѡ
Щνǲֵõġ
ȥﰡȴһûзӦΪôû뵽ԼЩȳ˵ġ
ȻսѾǣȴôҪϵġ
ûпֱӴż˳ǰȥˡ


390 ǹ
лѾ˵ľ죬ż֪ǶԷʾҪѰҺԮҪɱ
ʵϣˣҪֶΣһɱٷˣһɱЩŵĿӡ
һ˶ѡڶΪһǵ˹ٷˣǶ֮ء
лȴǲͬҪӵһʼߣһȥǷᱻ˸ɵ飬ôҪǡ
ЩûӣȴҪֻſ콫ΪʲôҪҲԭģǾҪ߻ˣʵжôǿ
ֻǷʤһ͹ٷ֮Ƕ·һ鲻Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
һǱ߹ȥЩѸٽԼķ߸Ƕ֪ʱô鷳
ϴ˵£ûа취ֱŪЩһƽͻȻųʵоʮΣյϢһ˵ʵʮֵǿҲ֪Ǹ˵ʲôġ
ǺǣҲûаգΪѾΪʲôʤҪҳˣǸһ˰ɣǸͷˣʵѾľ磬пܸӵǿпܡ
ЦļһʮֵĻӭΪһֱϲһƾеĴڡ
Ҳôļį
ûа취ˣҪͻƣǶҪһЩǿĵ˲ǣҪȻĻǾͺһͬ档
ǿ߶йǾҲԼķ
ôǿ鲻ڿЦɣ
ƽ̲ס˿ˮ֪жٵı£ڵǺãȻ˱ȳӵǿĲŵˡ
ʲôֵİҪоѻǹĻҵǿֱӽԷ͵·ȥǿϧǣûǸҲֻܹƴˡ
˵赭дģƽȴһĵ˵һ֣
ھǱ߻м׵·̣ڶлء
ƽСʲôģʱ״̬ôá
һϵս컹ƣӣôһǿ߶Կʲô·ЩһǱ̬ĺܣֱըըˡ
һ𶼲㱻͵ȥ
ѹסˣЩһҾͲǿԷˡһǶˣԷҪҪŪĻھõĻᣬ߶ûʲôڻ
úһЩǣЩ˾Ȼûж֣΢һ˼֪ǶԷҪնˣ
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⻰ƽȴǺܿ϶˵ҿ϶ԸϴͿҵİɡ
Ҫ鶼ûа취㶨ƽҲ֪ôųˡ
ϡ
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Ļ֮£ûʲôӵ˵ǵģǶ㹻ſ㡣
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ЩһǺ˼ҾûмôҵļһҲ˵Ǿ𣿡
ЩһһֱûмѪˣҪǶţƺ壬ǻ·һ𣿡
˶ž쳰˵ྯ춼ڶǶ֪ԼЩ˵Ķ֣ʱǶѰһᱨ
лѾսһˡ
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顣
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ıȴǾģ¶Էһжֻѡ
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Ǻǡ
лһЦݣֳˣȴ޵һ
顭
üֱӳǹˡ
лҲ֪ԼҪͳпܻʤȴҪģҪֻǽɣ⾭ʲôǲҪġ
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˫ˣļȽϺãĻ£ҳл׷ȥ
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֪ƽôʵģҪĻ£˸ˣֻǻҪ
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褽ղű˴˵ʧһӻһ˵һӾкܴƴˡ
Ǻлƴ
˵ⲫǱȽϼһ㣬˭ӶѾˡ

ֻǳȽϳԿһ㣬ʹȽϴûãΪΪսڶûг׻ָҪȻĻҲô

лȻҲо˳״̬ԾǸ˵ĴЦӣԼЩСܿԽ쵽
ǿ˴˵Ρ
ֻǣлȴͻȻԼؿڡ
㡭
лôû뵽ںͳıȶ֮б˸㡣

һֵЦˣŶԷ˵Ҳ룬Ҫûб£һԣ˭㵥ȻҪΪǿߣҸ֪νİȫ
һǹǴӰѬǱ߷ģС椵һߵȥȺ˳ŪѻǹǱ߷Ϊľһ̡
ʵϳҲ֪а취õϰԵδѡ
㡣


391 ˼
лҲûж˵Ѿûл˵ˣ౻飬һжǸơ
ǵϴˣϣҪô࣬ѹȥŪһһ
ôû뵽Լϴôɴ࣬һ޷ķʽġ
Ҫ֪ˣǱ˸ǶûʲôھȻ˴Զһǹǹ飬ôûа취ܡ
ȴѸٺˣ֪Щһӽˮˣʲô鶼ģĻ֮¡
ղʾƭԷ֣ǵϴѾŪˣڻҲڵȴĵΪĿ꣬ҪŪܶĶҲ֪ΪϴԵʣΪߵʵǿһȺʮӽʣµ˸Ū
ںһǴһḶ́˭⣬滹д¶ôļ򵥡
ܵ˵һ˫˽һԡ
ʵϣҲֻҪʱڳԱԼİȫ
ҳҲ໢ʲôΪ飬ҲҪʲô֮ġ
ǶûʲôΥ飬УҲû˿Դˡ
Щ˵飬Ѿϴף鶼Ѿǵ֮С
ˣ鶼Ǵɣûгֹźһ˵ֻ⻰ȴûʲôõˣҪ֪ʹһ˵ʲôģЩҲûа취ס
طǺܶκϽģһĸ˾š
Ҳ֪Ҳ˵ˣֱӳԶȥʱҪ죬Ҫûи㶨ǺҲЩ鷳
صסȸȥһ绰߶Է顣
ʵϣҲôŲִٶģоЩôȫ
ǽ»ᱻ˸׷𣬶пܻᱻ˸أһֱ
ôˣѬôûа취뵽ΪһţƺڣȻҪˡ
ʲô𣿡ŰѬʵƣͽƣͲһӾͿġ
ܴ⣬ǸŮʲôˣʲô£
Ѭôûа취ԼǸͨһǶ
Ϊʲôô˧ǿ˻ϲ˰
ϲҲŶԣҲһ
ҪǰѬûкͳӴĻҲ˼ʱȴһҪͳһ
û˵ǱȴʮֵԵˡ
ҪȻƾʲô
Ҳоĵʲôװ֪˵ı°ô˵أϲˣҲ֪ϲһûе˵ģʲôʱϲ˰ʱٺģ
ǹ˵ǰѬȴֱӿų˵Һˣ㲻֪ϲ㣿
Ĳҿô˵أ
Ҫ֪Ӵʱ仹ڣڼ䶼һհ׵ģԼȴôһŮϲ
飬Щ֪ǶԷˣҪ˵ôϲҲá
㻹û˽һˣŻ˵ģҪ֪Ļͻ֪㲻ϲҡ
ŰѬЦŮ߳
ߣҲܣˣûа취ģҲ֪ǸʲôˣͲ㣬һֱǴɱɱӣ˵ôܻйͬĻأ
⻰˵ĺֱӣºͳĹϵʱˣûоܿ飬ҪǱˣǾͲ
Ҳϣͽܻ֮һЩ⣬Ͼ˶ʲô򵥵ˣұ˴˶иԵ뷨
ȴĻЩ顣
ǺǣȻҪ飬ҲҪȥҪһʲô˵һһˣߵŮһҪңԴӦ𣿡
Ѭǿ϶Ŀųʵȴھ˵ûйϵ㲻лġ
⻰˵ѬֻһЦڴͽַˣЩ鲻˭Կסġ
Ϣá
ҲҪΪæµʮֵƣ
ѬҲ֪Ҫʲôֱˡ
ϢˣǸ𺣸ȴҪƴٰЩ飬ϾǳСܣûпҲҪųһϢġ
ˣ֪һθ㶨֮󣬺滹жٵ鰡𺣸ƽ˵Цݣһνжˣ鶼ǵ֮С
ȻۣȴǳʵǸ㶨
˵Ҫô࣬Ժ·Զϴ˼ҲˣֻҪôһطȻû˵ȴѾоΪ˺ɣ
ƽҲһ㣬һֱ֪ָļįˣڵһжѾ֤Ұġ
֪
𺣸Ȼ֪뷨ˣҲ֪Ǻûǻȴʮֵ֧ģƽ˵ϴҲǼ򵥵˰ҲҪעһ㣬ȻҲֹӲŵˣҲ
𺣸࣬ջǿ϶˳Ϊˡ
Ƕ֪Ҳˣ۵˶ҪǣǸô찡ոճȥһЩСܣЩһӵˡ
ǶѾиˣҪһЩֹȥи⣬ֻû뵽ǣһ˾Ȼôࡣ
ʲôֵİôŶѾˣطأҪϴ󣬿ʲô˼
𺣸֪кǿĵˣ˿϶Ҫܶģֻǲ֪Ҫ٣ЩҪŵġ
ðɣող˯
ƽŸ𺣸˵Ǹ𺣸ȴҡҡͷ˵Ѿ˲ôˣ˯ⶫݳƷҪǲʱǵĳɹãֻºǺҲ֪˶ҪŪǵˡ
ҲǣһȥҰɣ˳ķչƻֻˣʲô˼һֱӺЩͻⲻӽˮ𣿡
뵽ʱЩ׵ʵֻҪӵˣǶ飬ļ˾ˡ
ҪûǵĻ˵ԿסǼЩһÿһ˶һٵĺ֣ǵֶʮֵǿҪϴû˰ֻҪŪǸͷСҲЩѰɣ
𺣸鶼ʮף֪Щ˾Ϊ˹ġ
ҪǾʧˣǿ϶˵ΪӰܶˣһطˡ
ҺطгĴڣЩһûлᱬ
𺣸ͣǲ׹һĿŸ𺣸
ʲô񰡣𺣸֪ΪʲôԼҲûиоԼ˵ˣ
ǣ룬ϴ˭ӵĴҪǳûбֳԼ˼ƽʳ⻰ģоҲǱֻһֱϲԼı߶ѡ
ĻҲΪʲôеӽе鶼𺣸ˡ


392 ֮ı
ҲֱӵʵҷϴӵĴ𺣸Ǳϴţһʹˡ
ҲһһﰡĻ鶼鷳ɣ
¸·ҲˣҪ𺣸ڵ˼ʲôģ𺣸һбӴˣֻ¸𺣸˼ͻ仯ˣ˶
𺣸֪ڵʲôҡҡͷ˵Ҳʵ˵ҪǸһֻģȴûжӵˣһʮֵĲģȴ룬ϴֵҳǣˣȥɣںϴʲô𰡣ʲôʲô
𺣸Щ治ĻЦһ˵ڳ˶֪໢ڲѾûһ롣

˶ڴЦո˯µĳҲǸˣҲĻЩЦݡ
ȷǲϲӣΪо涼ѾôһţƺˣΪʲôҪԼȥӰ
飬Ҫרҵȥġ
ʲô飬Ǿմ־ͺˣ飬ǵǲҪᡣ
ϴ󡣡
һȺ߽ϰǱеۣ˫ڻζǱ֪û˯
ˣŪţ̣Щˡ
˵Ҫȶ
ȥɣˣҪʲô
¸·ʵС˵ΪǣѾһˣôҲҪһԼĴڡ
ҲҪţ̡
Ҫˮ
Ҫˮ
ÿһ˵Ŀζͬǵʹʮ
ȻҲǲģ
Ҫǻһţڲôദ
𺣸ûиǣ֮ûô࣬ҲΪϲķΧ
⽫ìܸ
ƽȴϸ
̫ΪѣоҲķִ硣
һѾƽ֪ʲôϧ
ڹؼʱ̣֮ǰЩֵܣһǶͱӣϴ·һơ
ȴԼֵܣЩֵԸ빲Ǻĵλƽȣߣˡ
ҪǸϴ󣬲ǽѹʲôģѡΪЩСܸ۶ϧоǸЩСϺء
ϴûеģЩϴ󶼻ֻģתۼȴǽ˸ˡ
ǳ˵Ĳͬ
ȻǳȴɳԼıɫΪ֮
Ȼоǳĺܺúܺá
ˣҶӣǿûа취μˣԤеЩһпܻʱ̽꣬ڶûʲôҸоʮֵĲ
ЦѾһЩıȽϳףҲһԼ
ڳû˿Խڳ֮أ
Ϊһֻһطġ
ǰ֮ڣ˸ǲô
֪
ѾʼΪ׼ҲûԼĿģųʵϴ󣬸ղҰ֮ǰķԸȥˣЩ֪໢ʱ˶ƴҪǣһЩѧһЩоҪģһüˡ
ѧߣһֱʮЩˣȴû뵽һֱ˸ҵȻôҪ룬ôûа취ס

ڳ̲סЦȻ֪飬ʵϣ˶
ҪЩʲôأҪ֪طܶ඼ԼֵܣҪЩĻֻ¡
յˣпܾͻֱλпܵˣ֮ҪˣǾΪǵԱ̫٣ǵȴ̫Եʡ
Ǻǣ鲻Ҫô࣬ЩѧϰҲǺ飬УҲǺˣʱֱߵһЩȥѧУ飬ûдǶ飬ǲȥѧУҲҪרѵǡҲϣЩֵܵˣǶǵԪϡҲ֪ſ϶ģʱô⣬ֵǵı²Ǹô죿
ǻҵ˼ҲǶʲôģЩҶǽıģ֪ЩֵΪôһоӣûдҪҵҰô㣬ǵȷҪˣʱǿԿסʮ꣬Ҫ𣿡
Ҳ֪ǣҪԼչ⣬ʤǸһҵĵһĿ꣬׹ЩطҸҪ룬Ȼ˵ҪΪߣҲľͱôһƽӹˡҪҲЩ˽ҵĳкܶ࣬һڲҵĳˣ׹ǱߵĴҲҵĳˡ
Ҳǵһ˿ϲĽԼﻰ˵Ƕһʱ仹ûа취á
Ҫ֪ǱֻΪ۾ڿŻڲ˭֪˼Ȼô
𺣸ȴΪ˽ˣһѾ󺣵ˣôֻܻСε
ϴҪʲôҲ֧㣬֪˼ЩֵǶǳʮֵĲף֮ǰܶ˶ֻһˡҲ˵һȽĻЩˣжٸûж츳߻İҪȻĻҲôΣյҵ
ǣȴҪǶ٣ҪǱȣ֪һЩбºͺ˾ϴ˼ʮֵȷǾϣЩѪλ
𺣸⻰˼쾡£ǺԼôһСܡ
˸ոջһЩ׵ģȴһӾͷӦˣǿųʮֵĲԾôû뵽Ȼôΰˡ
ϴҴֵллˣ飬˲˵ֵܣôӣõó֣үģˣһЩѧϰ֮𣿡
ƽȱ̬ˣ˵ģȴʮֵ棬˵˿϶˱㶨
Ҳ֧֣ԼЩ˵ҪǲᣬԽ̵ǡ
ȻҲʾʲôģϾҶѾ˵ԼСܣҪòĻˡ
Ҳû⡣
Ҳ˵ҰģȻȡʲôλʲôģҲ֪ԼЩҲѪģֻҪ㹻ı£ȻǿԲλˡ
Ҫ֪ʱѾǴɱɱͿλˡ
ɱɱҲֻһʼһЩ顣
λʱҲҪĥģҲҪõóֵĶ
оǵĶ־ʮִҲЦ˵ԼҲҪպãЩʱѧһЩԼĻᶼ˲֪٣һεҲˣЩһһ˭ɱġ
⻰˵ǽЩһҪЩ˵ʵ㹻ǿļˣǻɨһƬط
ҲĬ𺣸ЦŶ˵ǶҪúøϴѧϰһЩҪȻʱСûжٱϣ
𺣸ֻʮֵˣЩĶЩģʹʵǱ˵ôоЩԾ
ǶԵģҲǣôҪҪǱ˸ô찡ѵ㡭


393 ֮ǰ
ǿŸ𺣸вô˳ۣ˵ֻһ˵ȴֱ𾪣Ҫʲôأ
ֻ
֪˰ɣ
ϴ䡣
Ƕ̲סЦ¸·ҲЩоԼʲô
Ҳûʲôϵ֪鲻ӽˮҲνĹƽ
ҪˣҪ֪ҲҪæһĻǸô죿
𺣸ȴԼɣֻĻȴóЦ˵ҲҪô࣬Ҫʲô飬Ҳһᴦõģô򵥣飬ǶС飬ҲΪǲǣ
Цʮֵа񣬶һһٵǿҲҪ׽Ū𺣸⻰ģ͸𺣸壬ҪǲŪõĻֻ׿ҪŻ鷳
໢̶ܴȶǸ𺣸ڴʹ¸·ڰæǶûа취ﵽ𺣸ĸ߶ȡ
ֻҪǸ𺣸תƵ̫ˣ鶼ģΪҪǣҲŸ𺣸
ʲôǶȣ𺣸󶼲ܹ顣
һôףо¸·Сǰ·ң˭֪¸·ʲô˼
Ҳó֪˿϶ҪȶģҪȻһ˸Ļ׾ͻᵼԼߵܡ
֪ˣеʱҲҪбļһңҲ֪໢ѾôˣҪһֱһ˿ŵĻǺ׾ͳ⡣
𺣸Ҳһʮִˣ˵Լ³֪Լڵôá
һ໢ͻֺܴ⣬Ȩȴǲܹ˼ңϾ˶ûı¡
˵֮ǰһʱ䣬Ҫ٣ԷֵһЩ顣
˵뽫Ĵطˣ֪һĻǺпܻԼڲ־޴
ڻڣҲڣǵûʲô飬һǲڵĻǵʱҪֽڲ˸һ
֮飬ȴǲŸ𺣸˵ֱԼŵģʽÿһطǵĴ˾֮ѡ񣬵һ̰ۻǺԼ˵£鲻Ҫô˵
ҲʲôǲʲôԲеĴƼңֻһԼĵˡ
˭Һǣ͸Щ֮ء
˵ûʲôҲѾ֪ѡ
ԼԸȥΪÿһô˷ָôĶ
ǶԼĵ̣Ҳǳǡ
ǸطֻҪ֣Ҳ档
ʵϣ鶼ͷۣǶӲȨ֡
һСЩϴǿʱǳ߾ױ
֪ˣˣϴЩյСܣֱӿŰ죡ҽ˸ѡߡ
ͻȻų˵⻰Ϊ˱ӣҪ֪Щ˭ŽطĹأ˭·ˣԺ󲻹ʲôλЩ˶Ҫϴ
Լ죬ʱһԶѵʲôˣǶҪѵǣǲзӺܺãҪȻЩͨˣҶҪѵǡ
ǿ϶˵ǼᶨĻ˶оһɱ
á
Ҳ֪ԼôˣһֱȥǽЩ˸ѡЩҪԴȻǴ߳ˡ
жѾǸ£ҪĶȻҲǿԱȽϱˡ
ǿŰ죬ûнļһҪ飬Ҳ֪һе˾׾ûϣ죬һ𣬼ʹǲˣֵҲ㿴ţٲһ󡣡
˵⻰ȴһǶ֪Ҫʲô
Ҫ֪ûϴС˵ģǵȴЩµľûкʲô˶ˣ˵ԽǮԽˡ
á
˶һӿ¸·ﻹǹ¼ҹ˵ļһֻˡ
ǿҸʲô¸·Щ׵˵ģȴЦЦ˵˭ҲмŮ˰ǹ¼ҹŶ
ҲЩ˼Ǿ¸·ûкӣЩôš
ȻҲֻѣҲǿ˵һЩ顣
ˣҸ𰲱¸·ͻȻ˵֮ǰһֱһеģֻӴˡ
˵ͷܴЩ˶źˡ
ֻǳҲ֪жǲ룬ʱǷᰲȶȹأ
һܹвҼǵЩɱѾˣʱҲҪúÿãЩ˵ҵ˼ɣ
ͻȻ𺣸¸·˵Ϊĵľ飬ҪǳûиõĻǺӵ鷳
⻰ǵ˵ͷ˵鵹ôһ£Ҳ˵ôˣЩǹе֮ģһҪãҪȻױ˸㡣
á¸·ԼжҪǽûа취쵽ֻǻᱻ˸㶨
Ҳ˵ˣҲɢȥˣʱܿ͵ҹ
˵жڿųǱߣǽҪٰ충ĵطı䣬̫࣬еͷ˶
˭û뵽лôϣ˶Ҫ֮ǰߵĻֻ¸ûĴŵ־硣
ڿ֪Ĳв硢ĲвѾߣ˶˵ǳŪģʤͳһڳʱѾûг
ʱģΪľǳ飬һ仰̫˸Ϳס
Ĳ֪ô˵ˣҪ֪ǱֻǼ˵͵һͺõġЩյ˵ϵЦȴһ£ȻҲʮָġ
ȻûжٸŮ˲˵ģеȨˡ
þòˡ
ϯû뵽Ҳԡ
ף᳤
Ͳ֪˳ˣǳ̻ȴһЦݵĽӴǣֹ˶ˣôû뵽ô˽Ӵ
Ҳǿףһжʮֵã뽭µЦݣ룬ҪԼͳʱǻж˹أ
ȴҲʱֻܹ룬Ҫ֪Ľ鲻һӵ顣
Ҳǣ˼顣пôʾнˣ
Щˣüͷ΢΢𣬶󿪿˵ʱ򵽵ʲôôоЩԣ
̫ˣһкܶ඼ˣҲܽ˸
ʵϣֻ˲ˣȴѾǧ˶ֹ
طҲ㹻󣬼ʮĶĵطͨȻҲǳı£ҪǻһǶ֪ʲô
ϴ󣬽е࣬鲻ôԾ¸·Ҳ߽ų˵Ѿ˵ȥˣûзʲô
ֱȴǸʮֵķпܻʲôè֡
飬̾Ϣһ˵Сһǡ
ǡ
¸·Ҳûа취ֻܹ
һжʮֵ
ܿ죬͵˶ʱ̡


394 
лλμҺµĶ飬˵ôѹҶЩܳҲֻǴ㼸ССľۻһλôľϲʮָл
Ҳôϰ˵Щ׻ˣһֱʮϲֱӡ
ϾĲϲҲҪΪ˭˵ʲô׻Ѿʱˡ
žžžܳ˵ʲô涼һڹơ
²ǳ˵Ķôĺãǳλþ
һ쵼˵һЦ˶Цһ
ǺǣҲ˵ھ˵İģȻ֮ǰЩģǶ㣬Ҫ˵ĻҲ顣ӽԺϣҵֻ㣬ҵΨһһᣬӽԺչ㣡
ֵʲôҶֶ֪Խ±ʾһЩĽʾΪ˺̵档
Ҫǽ¾ͺˣΪ˵ôЩ˲𡣡
ҪǳͺˣôƯŮҲ֪жٸڿֻ໢Ѿ׼Եûʲô顣
Ҫһ飬Ҳֻ룬ôֻ࣬Ҫе㱾µˣǶҪҪǳոȶֻЩ˶ûʸˣǽ֮鶼־һ㣡
˶ĽˣЩҲѾ֣Ǿûʲôܻᱻı䣬ǵ֮жǴһЦݡ
ҲЩ˲ôϲĵطЩýļһҲŽˡ
ȻЩҲǲֻһЩǿǰǵĲ̫ˣЩ˲Ųᱻȴǲ룬Ҫ֪Ҫ͸˴򽻵ǽԼЩ˶Ƽһ
Ҫ֪ſóнƿ֮УҲ֪Щ鲻ǲܹģʵʱ򽫱˴˵ϵһȴʮҪ
ǵΪؼһǾ˫ָҲҪУҲ˫ĻԼܵڵͬ
ͽһҸĶţǶ֪Լܿͻһˡ
ǶѾãҪûĻǹ궼ܽ飬Ҳǳ뷨
ֻ£ȴЩĿųΪǶѾ֪ʲôҪЩ˲ܻô˳չ
Ҫ֪̼ҺͽһһĻɵĺ˶뿴ģⲻֹ˫Դ飬ЩҲǻӰ졣
֪ǷͣЩҪͳ˵˵һ˧˳߽߻żڡ
ЩŭҪ֪鷳Ǿ׼ݣֻǲ֪Էһ壿
ףȻҵƣһкϷ֮ǰѾ˵ĴʮֲĴڣüζҪŪֻû뵽һֱûа취ڻ̲סˣ
ʲôҪ֪һ֮Ķûгط㲻оЩ죿
ǳЩ˵ĹϵʮֵĲҪĻֻܹ˵ʱֻܹѰ·ˣҪ֪ǵĴʮֵǿġ
ЩҲʮֵףҲЩûǾ̬ȱȽȻѾ֪ᷢʲô飬峤ˣȴûг֣ȻЩ˶Щͬ˼
ȻоΪ뿴Ůһûġ
ˣ֪ȴû뵽ôһˣҪʲôĪЩѾûˣҲģ֪ǿʼ
ڸҳȥҪȻҲҪָˡĿŶԷ˵ҪԷɵ
µѿĺܣȻ֪С˭ֻû뵽ôˣ˻ûз
ôҪ֪ľֻгҪǶԷ鷳ͻὫ˸Ū˭ûа취ֹ顣
ʵϣҲʲôƲ磬ҲѾ飬ǾҪΪһĸһˣҲ֮ܺǰ
ɱǱҪУҪûеĻֻ»лɳˡ
¸֪ԼҪΪһЩҪȻֻǻᱻЩҰĲ˸
֪Ѿǳ֮Ҳǳصģһ仰Ƶ±ߣȻ˶֪Ѿǳֻ֮˽µ飬˭ûгһ㡣
Ϊ飬һɽֶûкͳ棬һкûдһźš
ȻôȴҪֵ͵ģĿ˵ϣ˵һЩõ飬ҵ˵ӣҲֳôıŤҲ֪ǻ˶ͷ
ɱڵ˵ŷ˶Գӡ󣬽Ҳˣĳ¡
ڴôˣǾûʲô˵ֻǸȴǵͷ˼ʲô顣
֪㻹ʶ𣿡ȴһȺ˽Ҫ¸·ôģЩԱ飬Щһô׽
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ҲûйϵеԷǽҲûʲôãڶѾѶˡ
ʤƺͽȴʲôû˵Ƕֻ֪ǻ˵ңֻû뵽ϡ
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ŶԷ˵Ҫ¸·ڵĻҪ¸·Ūǡ
ҲԣҪ֪¸·ᴦ飬Ǹ𺣸أ
Ҫ֪Ѿø𺣸沼ˣʲôûУʮֵĲԾ
һݴģҶı𣬲ҪлңӦõõġ
ǲзˣǱ˸ƽģ˵⻰ȴͻȻը
޴ĺǲԶǸⶼڱը
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ϴϴԼŰ죡
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ȴҪȥˣôû뵽˸ӣѵЩ˶֪ı
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㻹ڵˣֻѾ˸͵ȥˣֻû뵽ҲôʱҪĻҽֻһЩ˾ˣô˶ԽҲ룬
Ҳ֪ԼѾûʲôõˣЩҲѾ˸ƿˡ
Ҳһֱ˶ûģ涼Ѿˡ
Ҳûа취ЩʱԼҵ飬Ҫ֮ǰô嶯Ļ鶼ıġ
ǰĺҪǵʱͳһ㿪սĻ˫һʱǾͿԽɱˣǿϧһжֻѡ
ҵĴ󣬵Ҫʲôأ
ڶôϸɱˡ
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ֻô֪Ϊʲô˻ûа취סЩһҪ˵̰ʲôĻôܵ顣
Щ˶ǳĸЩ˻ԸԼǡ
ǼȻôģһѭ
ҪʲôȻҪʤʵˣֻҪ㸩׳ƳǽһУᵽΪֹȻǰ˸ѱǣоǽô֤Ҳ֪ʲô
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׶ԷΪʲôһֱԭطǡ
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֪ԷҲִҪط˶ɵˣʱǰţƺ嶼ûʲôãʮֵ
ȻͳЩ뿪ʱȴûʲôֹԷҪֻ໢˰ˡ
ЩҺĳȥˣûж˻Ͼʱ˭ǵʱô֪
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ȴǴЦų̻˵̫С˰ɣҽȻʲôصˣôҲһˣˣǻʲô鶼Ҫ˵ǲҪطһϴҵǿˣʤƣûйϵ߰ɡ
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һֱĬȻĿǣƿ˵ڶţƺˣΪǲҽǸҸǣղЩըֻһЩƵģҶǱǸŵĺССǱȱҲ˶٣ҪȻĻΪղŵĶôСΧȴǲЩը
ƺû˵ȥ˭֪ЩΪ˭׼ˡ
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Ҫ˵ɱʲôĻǳʰĸɸɾûκϵķݣҪ˵飬Ǹٵĺˡ
һҲ֪Լĸʲô滹ЩԼľˣĺ
ҪôˣЩô򵥣ΪĲ¾û֪Ǹž֪飬Ϊʲôʲôûи߳Ҳ뽭ºͳһ𣬽϶ҪһʣµĴڱǸʡʱһὫ¸ŪֱӽƵЩ˵ϡ
һɽֽһЩ˵ֱõһĶЩ䣬ȻҲ֪Щʲô
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ֻǣȴô򵥣Ҫ֪ҪλϣǶҪȵģǽ»ô
˿̣в͵ĶԻҲѾõϢǸطʲô顣
ֻÿһķӦȴǸͬģЩ˸ڰһ飬Ѿ侮ʯ˼


396 ̸
ǿų˵ѾôʱˣǺҪ㲻飬ͻҪҵĵҪ֪ұûָˣֻЩҪҵĴڣҲҪѡ֪Ҵʹ࣬ҵЩһˣҵЩ˸Ϊȥġ
϶ڳĺ⣬ǿ˵Ǻ޲ʳѪˣֻҲһҪɽ˼Բϰˡ
ЦĲ˵㣬ļһҲֻһܰˣҪĴӦ飬ֻһ˰ɣΪҪǣ޷֤İȫЩˣҲţȻǶѾ׼ˣҲֻܹѡʯˣֻλҳԲˡ
ҲԼִţôӦ顣
ȴһЦݣȻҪ뿴ųȥľǳˡ
ȴɫ䣬ΪԼʮþȵˣ˵ĻȴҪų˵ҪˣҪ֪һͶǵĻ㻹ǳ֮鶼ʮ˳طԹϸҸӡ㲻ĻҪ˭ûа취㡣
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⻰˵ʮּ򵥣ȴЩܲˡ
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ͻȻ𺣸ţҪˣ໢㣬סնݳ
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Ǻǣ˭ҲڶʲôʱˣղҪҪߣΪס𣿡
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397 
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Ҳ֪˵ôİôᱻ˸˵İǿϧôһӣǻ԰졣
ߣ黹ʲôϧֻԼûб°ˡ
˶䳰ȷȻҲϧģǲô˵ǶΪлˡ
ϴ󡭡ƽǱȴһĺڣղҪֱӺЩƴôóΣգҲ֪ʹƴˣЩըǻᵽ棬Ҳһ㡣
ɱ
𺣸ûгɣڵȽڶѾˣҲƴˡ
ҪˣǾˣʲôģҲ˲ˡ
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Ҫǵʱڵһߵĵطƴˣһж˵ֻǵʱ˼ԼˣЩըʲôģһû¶ģȴǸˣԴҲһĺڡ
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ףղźǳ
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ڵȴʲôҪ֪ղŶѾûбֳˣڻȥֻҪ˸ԺǵĺӾˡ
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ƽ͵ȴͻȻӦ˵λĺ⣬ǶˣǸղŵҲ֪˰ɣΪ˱ղŵ飬λǱرȽϺá
Ҳ˵ıȽֱӣǾǻһȥҪط鷳


398 ŭ
Ҫƽ˵飬Ƕôûа취ıģҲ֪˼ƽ˵ʵҪ֪һʲô˻켣֮Уǵʱ򻹲ǸǴ鷳
λлˣЩԺرֻ鷳λһǽΪǲ뱻˸ϴЩпԶӣʱǻɱ֣ȻкܴķգҪǸλԸĻǾͶлˣҪǲԸ⣬Ҳǿ
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ҪĹͷʲô飬ǲ鷳飬Ϊʲô໢˶úñ
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ҿ˼Ĺݶİ
Ҫ֪һô¶ֵĻǿ϶ǵˡ
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˶ôԸ⣬ȥҲû¸ҵˣǱǹײһҪ໢ùϵģ˼ҶѾˣҪǶ飬ǲӽˮˡ
Ҫ֪һֱѩ̿Ǻ飬ʱ˼Ҷô㣬˶ԾĹȥˣҲΪʱʲôΣյ飬޵ΪЩı£
ҪƵĻǲţƺˣкüñӵҪ߳飬ȴһӾͱ໢˸ס
ڳ̼ҾҾҾѾط໢˸ǷӵȥŵˣļһﶼǶʮĵĽطھûа취ǵĹǣҪǲ鷳ĺܡ
ǳ˵ڶΪ֪Щ˶ѾֻǺ˶λҲֳʲô顣
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ȴֱӴƽģȻǸطñȽСˣܵ˵ǿó֪ڸʲô
ҶͰ
á
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ʵϣ໢һôĵĺʱ໢˶ǴͶѡ
ǵþˡŽ˵н¶ûѹԷȴЩ̣ȻѾգ֪ôôģôҪúõΪչһҪȻֳ鷳
óʮֵͷۣҪ֪˵пֲܻ֢
ֻڳҲ˲ôˣʮֵĽǣҲ֪ʲô
ֻҪȥ֮һжˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˶ǲ֪Լߵʲô
䡭
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ֵǼˡ
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үģڲˡ
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䡭һֱͶѾһƬط
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ǡ
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磬Բ𡣡
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Ҳ˵ȣȽǸ͵ҽԺȥ飬Ǵ˵иɱɱ֮ڹҪȻǵըϢֱ͵طġ
˵֮ǺѾɱ˻ʲôˣǷŭ
⻰Ǻǵ˼Ҳ֪һڹ֮ģҪȻҲܸ顣
ϴģЩѾǸ㶨ˡ
Ѿˡ
һЩһҲǻ֮ء
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˵ģҲǸˡ
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Щǽ˵ʱҲôãҲû߹ȥǲʲôû˵
ϴǶˣʲôֱӸһкˣǵʵȻ󣬵Щ黹ǿ԰쵽ġ
鲻Ҫô࣬ȥɡ
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Ƕų˵ϴʱô˰
ûʲô飬һͻãǸ˵˵ʲôż䡣
鶼ҵĴʱҿǽʱûйϵĿǹǵǵߵʱֱӸһƵǿǸ˵ļǵҪֻҪȥҵʱҲ֪ʲôǽȥˣֻǵ߹ȥ֮һȴͻȻƿԼ·ңը
飬𺣸ҲʮֵŭҪ֪ʱǸûпĶҪȻĻǸ𺣸ôһߵİ
ֻһжѾûôˡ
룬ʱǽʱ򣬵д£𺣸Ҳû˵ѣ̾Ϣһ˵ҲʲôģȴҪҵǸڼ飬ЩҲ֪ЩըѾ˸úõģоЩ취ȳҪȻǵʱܱġ
ǳ˵𺣸Ҳ취
ڼǿ̲ݻˡ
оЩ˵飬𺣸ҪԼ˸Ǹôأ
ȴø𺣸ЩͷۣҲ֪ԼôźãϾ鲻һӾͿ԰쵽ġ
ˣԼ룬ʲôң̣ȽҸ͵ҽǱߣǶСǱߵһطǱҸ·ߡ
ڻǱţҲ׼ȥˣ֪ԼҪǲƺõĻǿ϶ʲô󻼡
ҪǽǵʲôĻǵʱҲ׼˸͵Ǹطȥ
ϾһطԽ˸ƺãͻὫ˸͵һطźʡ
ǡ
̺ǿ϶˵һֱӽŪˡ
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ʲô뷨𣿡𺣸ʮֵ䣬֪һֲ֪жҪˡ
ûа취Ҫ֪϶ڲ⣬һֱԸɱҲԸŹһģڳ㱻ɵˣ鲻ܲС


399 ͷ
Ӧģҽ츺طˣǶɣ˻һȨ飬׾ͿԸ㶨ֻǵʱҪҲǼ˱ץʲôģǸô찡
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𺣸Ĭˣ¸·˵ΪǸô죿
ΪǾ͸ֱӽЩ˸ɱ⣬ҪһΣǾΣûа취Ҳܹʲôˣûпʲô鶼ôĺƣϴûŪǣҲֻΪԪϣһбµԵ棬ҪȻĻǷַϴ϶пܡ
¸·ǿ϶˵Ҳ֪ǱȽϲпᣬЩһϲôǶĽ
𺣸¸·˵ܲҪûĻԺλӦþͷӣְ֪λɣǽڲͽѡ
𺣸赭д˵ǻ֮ɭȴ¸·Щη塣
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Լ׾ͺˣҲ˵㿴Ű죬Ҳϣ̫޹ˣЩɵˣҲҪʲôҲĺʵôпᣬҲûа취ֻܹһš
𺣸¸·˵ҲЩӻƷĸо
ҲֻܹȥûʲôǿȫģҶ֪顣
ղų֮ûֱ˵ô࣬ҲΪоʲôģҲ˵ôࡣ
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𺣸ҲʮֵͷۣҪǿԵĻĲ飬Ҳûа취ôѾûʲôѡ
͵ҽԺҽڵطʱһƬطǱҡһ·Ϲ̫ƽ
Сӣôˣ߹һ죬ҪһǮǸҽ̧̲סЦ
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̣һ绰ҽԺǱʿ֪ʲôҪûа취ģҲֱӽҰָתƵ
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һƺߣʹС飬ֹͷŲƵĸоȴǸо涼ڷš
ĶͺЩˣҲ໢ϴ󡭡
ҽĻóЩ㵣ΪҽŴ£ôڶԷ֪飬ĪǶԷҲһ֯
ҪϹôˣҪ㶼뵽ţƺˣղŵֱ飬˭֪
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ΪһЩ⣬Щ˸ضˡ
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ҪǷЩŵ˼棬ֻ³ͽ¶ûпһ
ͽ˶ˣǲĹ飬Լڸ鵽ʲô
֪ǣͻȻҪôһ˸ţҪҲ֪ҽжı£ҿԷʵʮǿоԼͶԷ֮䡣
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ҽȻҲ֪˼ô겻֪Ҫ£ҲҪûı²ǡ
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ıߣһ룬ĻһһǧҪûʲôһҲˣǶǷǸˣ׵ˡ
ҽĸһˣ˵˵Լʵԡ
ףҪЩǮ֪ôһˣǿ϶ҽģǮ
ǳһٷʮ򵽼ûʲô⡣
ԲԼʹǾǮʹ¡
뵽ҲЩܣһһڵǮõóҲ
ΪҪǳߵľҲǱȽϽţ⼸οǺķٵʽܹô࣬ҪȻĻ涼ᱻϿġ
Ǻǡ
ҽ̫ˣÿһһ˵֣ǾͿһֱӲҿЩ߳ŭЩ˶ûʲô³
һһ㻻һط򣬵ʱҪҪƣһôֱӰ꣬Ҳ
ͷȴҧ˵ջ뵽Ҫһôأǵʱ򻹲·϶пܣԼЩҲôҪ϶ҪС
󡭡
ҽųʮֵĹ죬󿪿˵һʲôֱǧΪа취˽ҿɲ֮еҸղҪûڲӦڹĵطôܻȥʹţƺ壬Ҳֻһ˶ѣҿɲĲס
ҽɲΪԼǳһĴڣҪɱ˵ֶΣĲҪ̫ࡣ
ֻҪҪǵ
ʳ΢ֽţЩʳķһٴЩˮԴֽ֮š
ǺǣʱˣǶû˿㡣
ҽѾʶ̫飬Բ飬ԲôȥôΣյĵط


400 Ķ
֪ô鷳ŶԷ˵ҲֱӺ˵ˣ£ǿ࣬ȴûһҪһЩ˱ǵİȫǮⶫ˵㣬ģǵʱ˵ô
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ʱĬȻҲ֪ڵΣȻҲ˵ô࣬Ժ˼
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ҪǴȥҲ֪˻Цĺڴһث֣ҪϴǸʱ˵ˣһҪĻھ֪ʲôˡ
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ҲԼĽȻǺϲǮƣȴô˵顣
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ΪģҪЩһƴĻʱס˼ˣȴ˸͵ϮˣһӾͻᱻ˸͵ȥ
飬붼Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪ҪסбµˣԺҪûʲôԹĻǲҪȥ˼ңҲʲô鷳һǮ鶼ˣǮҲʮֵԭ򡣡
⻰˵ȴһͷͬˣҪܵţƺ壬Ӿȫǽˮˡ
뵽飬ͻȻ˵ǲ֪ҽԺ᲻ʲô£
˶Ǳߣʲô顣
Ǻܿ϶£Ҫǻ飬ҲѾ˸㶨
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£鶼С顣
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쵤֪Լɲʲô֣Ҳ㺬ˣֱһ֣һȺ˶óǹ
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˵ģʹʱ̣쵤ԸͶԣȫԼŰ飬ֻҪʲôɵӣ顣
ȴۣ˵СӣȷҪƴǰɣҪҪĻҪ׼Ҫ֪ˣһ㲻֣һ֣Ǿˡ
ܵɱʮأһֱϲɱˣһʼĻҲֹͣһЩ
ֲûа취Щʬʲôġ

쵤ˣʵ̫ˣֻһСʱѾ֪жôĿֲ
Ҫ֪Ǹʱ򣬶һɱһٸ˲ŰݣҶԷ赭дĽһٸ˵ʬһ̯Һ塣
ЩҪʲôǶûа취ҵ飬һֱԺ棬û뵽һ죬Ȼл
ɱ
ûк·ˣ쵤ҧͶƴˡ
ʱһƬǹ
͵̵涼оĶźʹӵˡ
ǶǶһӵȽϲô״ĵط
ףķӺûдģΪ׼𣿡ȴע⵽˱ȴǵ˵ͷ˵ʱֻҪûд˶ûа취ɱǿġ
ϴ˵ʲôİôûм˵İ飬ҸоʮֵĹ찡
̵ĻЩĬſ˵ҲûмҲҪ׷ôֻ࣬Ҫ֪طȫľˡ
Ҳ֪ģȻԶǸôģ鵶ȴǸоһЩΪܺͳһˣҲΪ飬ϧɣ
˲ʮӣ涼Ѿֿˣǳȴʮƽ֪ʱսǿʼȻˡ
ûǹ죬ûڶ
ЩĸֻҲ֣ڳȴúõ˯һ˼һºô졣


401 ǿʵ
ֳôĶЩνȨֻһɽۻ
һʼΪʲôһɽûгĵطһûоӦѾ֪ʲô飬ȴԸֱ˵˵ĻҲǣȥԱֳĬ
һ㶼⣬ϾֳĬӦõģҶʲôֵͬܣҪƴĻǲĲ
ĻǲôҶˣھȻʲô춼ûУֱӿ飬ôûа취ܡ
̾Ϣһ˵֮ǵѶ˲٣ǵĵҲ˲٣һЩǱǸİ·ˣֻǲ֪Ժʲô
ϴ˵һǣҲ飬Ȼ֪жôɥĲǾ˸ˣȻʲô˸Уܵ˵Ҳôˬ
ֻһѣҪ˵֮ôɣѾˣǾ˵Է϶ǵ鷳ЩвֻҪһǸϵпܡ
ǿóһЩз粻˵Ҳ鷳Ͼʱ׾ͻһЩ⡣
⻰̾Ϣһ˵ϴûʲôǵ
ʲô˵ģ֮ˡ㿴Ҫ˫ʱǾʤֻûа취Щ˿⡣
ҲԼ壬Ͳ˼ҵĶ֣Ҫǻָȫʢ֮ǾͲͬˡ
ǡ
ȻҲʱڿţСЩɪɪ
ÿһ˶ʱ±ô򶨣´Ҷʮֵ
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ԼͣԼЩûмʶһȴô֪һô쵽飿
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ǾǼֻѼҲô׸㶨
ȴǽˣһôĸɾ䣬оЩ˼顣
û뵽ᾹȻİ쵽飬˾Ǳ͵ȥˣ
ܺ˵һֱ֪飬ȴǲЩ飬ȴû뵽Щ˾Ȼ鷳Ϊʹ飬ǻǻ鷳
ΪĴڣǶѾ˿˳ۣʮֵô꣬Ҳ֪ж顣
ǺǣҲطǵļƻٵı
һΪԼԱɳǿߣ֪ԼֻһӰˡ
Ϊһ㱾¾ͿԺУҪô򵥣顣
ǶŶܳ˵ղǶԼģǿԼ˶٣Ƕûʲô⡣
ֻҪûͿԣ֮ԼǾΪĶܵʵΪûбʤܣҲΪ˱֤ʤһֶζѡ
ǵֶǼЧܵĺЩ١
ļһϿ˴ϢΪҪ£ƴQļһǣҲûʲôǶҪˣһֻ̣룬Ҫʧ֮һʲôأŶôʱ䶼ûо֣ʱ򾯲ҵ鷳ɣ
ܺ˵Ѿǵ˼˵
ǵӵأ鵹Ǻ˻ǶΪԼʧܣⲻûк֡
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Сѡ
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һֱ濴ţôû뵽Щ˵ʵȻѾĵز
̻ȴǺ֪Ѿôֹˣ֪ЩǷطҪǶԷֻһҪͶƴĻǵûʲôһĻǵʱͻкܴ鷳Ҳ
ǡ
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⻰ȴó̲סҡҡͷ˵鲻Ҫôˣ˼ҲܸǻģЩ˺ƴˣǾͲͬˣھǿԼطʲôҪ룬úõĿžˡ
Ҳ֪˲ô׾ͷŹܵģʱǾǵĻˡ
鶼Ҫĵġ
ڵȴԷأ
ȻûһӶܾͽˣŵ˵СӣҰǵסЩˣôҲҪ飬ʲôҪ˵ֱӳȥЩһŪ㹻ˡоһЩʬһ棬һЩֱӽЩʬͿˡ
Ǽ򵥣ǳȴǸо˲ͬѰĶŶʵЩ㶼ûŪ𣿡
ǺǣŪǣҵֲ֣ǲ֪һ㶼˵ʱɱˣôĲðҿôĺˡ
⻰˵ĶǶģҪ֪ɱҲ٣ȴڳǰ˵ǲ֪ʲô߳ˡ
ȴ˵鵹ˣȥɣҪ˼Ҷڴˡ
ǡҲ֪ԼôˣڶѾ˵ˣȻҪúˡ
ܿ죬̴żСȥˡ
ǿŶʵǲ֪ǷΪһأ
ʲô鰡ܿųʵƵĻھͿԻָҪҪ׻ָĻҪһϣԵȴĵɣ
ȻˡҲ֪ԼҪʱ䣬Ŷʵ˵ЩһǷƴʲôİ
ȻǻˣбҪ˵𣿡ܿųʵȻ֪˼ֻҲô࣬Ǳˮڡ
ûˣϣԺлҪǵʱоûа취ӦĻǿȥǱңҿ԰õĴ鲻Ҫɣҿ԰쵽ҳΪˣԺҲ֪ģҲʲô
һϵ˵ȴûģΪƭ˭
ȴǲ˵Ļܶ˶ǹģǵĻԼţˡ
Ҳ֪ԼڱֵЩͻˣ֪ԼὫ˸жˣ֪Լ߿϶вͬ顣
ֱӰˣֻǲ֪ôģͻȻһǸղˡ
ۣ֮ǰӦþϣҪȻҲ
Ҳô࣬ЩֻһͣᣬҲѯô࣬ҪȻĻһӾͻһߣǲ鷳


402 
û֪ط˶ٲҵ飬Ϊط̫ƫƧˣԶ˸׼ûж˿Թ
̸磬طô찡ҪЩʬŪ𣿡һСܿŵʵ֮η壬Ҫ֪ǵһοôţƺˣȻһӾɱôˣ֪˵ǲˡ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ǲҪôˣѾ˵ˣˣһЩԼ֪ͿˣǲҪȥ˵ҪȻʱˣҲûа취Ǳ𡣡
ڵʮֵش󣬲ǶܣˣǶǺǵġ
ʮ飬֪ڳҪܸߣֻһֱûа취鷳飬ǳôԸǵġ
ǡ
ЩСҲӽˮˣǶ֪ʱжô鷳
Ҫ֪һ˵ʲô˵Ļǿ϶ġ
ǶѾ֪ܶϴ˶˸ˡ
ѾڴΧˣֻǶˣЩСҲ֪ϴ˼ʲô
ʼɡ
Сһ㣬ҪԼɵˣҪ֪Щ˭˭İ
֪ˡ
ǶСĵ˵ǵȴʮֵڴΪǶ֪Ķ
ղʵһ㣬Ǿһֱһ֮ڱˮǶҿ
ϴɱ֮ĺöûа취˹һЩҪ֪֮ǰһЩ飬Ƕʮֵ鷳ֱӵһЩȥǾͱˮǲ֪öð
⻰ǺֱӵĽ飬ǵȴҡҡͷ˵Ķ˼Ҳܸǵģ㲻ҪˣõĽҲ֪ʲôҪ֮ģ㿴Щһڻ˵ĻǸûа취װЩ飬ҲҪ밡ɣҪȻǸϴͷˣҲ鷳
̵֪壬Ǹ붼ģĶǲһ˿еġ
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ЩСܺǿϧ뵽ҲҪĶҪеĻǺ浹ʮֵĲ
ֻ˭Ҷѡ
ĻѾڴŸˡ
㶨ˣ
ŵʵмֺ棬ղȻûп飬Ķ仹ǱȽϺõģһӾЩ
㶨ˡ̵ɫЩѿǵһ顣
Ҫ˵ĻһӾͱ㶨˼ˡ
ȻҲֻǿЩһͲֵġ
ֻͻȻ뵽طΪʲô
Ҫ֪ողһĻǶһһϵ룬飬Ƕ˶ٱӶûеǮƣǶԷȴǺ񻹲
Ͷ̰ƵģҪ࿴Ҳ֪
㶨ͺãҲѾǮģǾֱӽɣ˵ģطûʲô˯ˣԼطһ˯ĵطˡ
ܿ˵ڳĶ棬ȴһƽϷ
Ҫǲ֪ģΪҲֻһͨˡ
˭뵽ܸոŪ˶˰
ĥԼôЩ˸ȻôſԽɵ鶼ͳһģΪ˸вˡ
Ҫ֪һε飬ҪڳսǱ߰źõĻֻ½黹һݡ
Ҫǵʱսþȳǳ̻϶иңĿɳпܣҪǾȳǸôȳ
鶼һ޽ĶһʼˣǶͷۡ
ϴ㻹ʲôʱǸ̿˵Щ˵飬ĺûйϵҪûа취ǸǶ
е̵һŮˣʮְǸŮˣЩǲܹЭġ
һЭˣǾ·һҾˣҲûа취Э
Ļ£ǿʲôأ
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ǺǣʵϣҲһµҵʣһһǧû뷨
ͻȻϷĶȴǿ˵Щ㵵ĿŶԷ˵ȷԼû˵۸𣿡
ô۸񰺹ĻԼ
ȴʮţƺĲˣȴæҡͷ˵ǣȫԣҪǰ˵۸ĻطҪˣǮҶԸ㡣
ھڵôˣжСӣżʲô
ֿŶ˵ҪЩŵһ٣Ҫ㽫ǸˣؼĻû˼Ľס
⻰նֶܵΣҪƴ˼ˣſԽ˸ȳҲʮֿܵġ
飬ҪǷһ棬ǿԽܣǳȴôûа취顣
Ҫ֪Щ˶СļˣҪ飬ôǽ
ΪʲôҪúý㶨ſԸһ
Ǻǣû뵽㾹ȻˣȻĻҲԴӦ㣬ҪһˣҸǧҪȫûĻÿһ˶򡣵Ȼǰһ㣬ǾȥǱߵʱǲܹˣҪˣˣǶҵ顣
ûɵӣҲǣųǿ϶˵ԼĽҲû˵顣
ȴһ㣬Ŷ˵ĻҲʲôʱҺһȥûа취˸ҵĲ֪ġ
ͷ۵ҪȻԼˡ
ĻܳĬһ˵Ҫһǧ򡣡
õġЩֶѾľˣ֪һν˸Ū֮ԼߵľǷ군ˣҪ֪ôǸط
оǶһôôҪǮ
֪ԷȻǲԣȴʮ·ȻˣǾͲʲôͨˡ
ȻǳĿ˵ǲʲô֮ҿҪľƺʮֵĶ࣬ЩȻûб˼ֻҪʲô԰𣿡
˵Է֮ôҪǮǾʲôıԲôҲҪֳԼ̬ȡ
ǺǣҲ¸㣬Ҫһȥ˸飬Ҳûа취ɣҪǿ԰쵽飬ҽԼһ㶼ԡ
赭д˵ǳȴǸоԷ֮еְˡ
ȴһ𾪣Ҫ֪飬ǲڳ
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ҪĻˣǻ
ҲǿԷҪǮ̬ˣƶһֱо飬ҪܶܶǮſԽҪɣ
ֻǲ֪ôģͻȻоЩˣ֪һʲôǰҪǸˣҪôˣҪôˣһǶһµĥ
ȴʵҪǮأһϰߣһ漰ؼĶͻֵ̬
㻹Ҫ֧ҵҵҲ¸㣬ѾͶ˲һڽȥôǮȥʲôûеõΧ֪ⶼҵĵزҪԸһڣԿҰʮΰ
ǽЩ׬Ǯ׬ˣҪ֪һ򣬿ܶ࣬ǵصЩǮ˲Ŷٸ
һǰҲûа취㶨ٸɣ
Ҳ飬ǲöЩ˵ˡ


403 ܶ
ĺǲȶҪȻҲΪˣҪҪӳϵõһЩ֧֡
Ҳо˶Էһʮꡣ
Ҫ˵۸Ĳ󣬵ûǮư
ĺ뽫ˣ˵ʲôǶÿһ°ʲôģǶѾ㹻ˣҪ˵顣
Ҳ˳˼ʲôû˵һڣǽ໢еʲ㼯һǶһ֡
ҪǮƣͷˡ
绰ҡ
ʱ򣬳ȴǿŵ˵ղĵ绰Ǳը֮Ѿˡ
ǡ
Ҳ֪ѾԼľΪСܣڳľʲôֵ֧ģʹпܻᵼһЩôʵĺ˭鰡
ھ֪һֱıСǳģһΨһɡ
ȴϹżֹЦݣҪ֪ʲôѡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰҲû֪飬ȴûҲûʲһڰ
ǿɲһٿǮ顣
˿̣𺣸оôԼ˸ȳֻȴͻȻˣһۣȻǵġ
ʲô飿
𺣸˵ֱһ㣬Ҫû飬ǲġ
ҡ
洫֮кЩƣмֵ֪ôˣǰڣԴȴЩˡ
ϴôˣ
𺣸֪϶ʲô飬ʲô鷳ɣҪĻȥҼҽ
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鶼ʮʵ⣬ǶˣһͨˣҪĳ飬ûжٸ˵Ŀƽ
ϴֱ˵ɣҪҪҽ˸
𺣸֪϶ʮִҪСԼԾˡ
ҲֻлӰ쵽ڲ飬ǲŻҪ֣¡
ҲҪ˵ôֻ࣬Ҫ㣬ҪһһһˣΪ𣿡С̽ʵԼôе
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ֻȴʮֵãʲôˣǲҪһڵأ
Ҳ¸·ԼҲ֪Щˡ
ȴ̲סЦˣҪôڲ顣
ն϶Ѿ뷨ˣ飬ʱûа취˵ˡ
Ȼʹ뷨ǶҪһḶ́ΪҪǳʵ
Ĺؼ뷨ǶûʵһڣǶҵһӵ밡
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̸磬˵ǸֵһҪ֪֣ǶѪİ
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ǶôԸǮ˸㶨ˣһڸǷ֣Ƕ֪ԷֵˣǸǿԹϺӡ
ǲҪǼǵãϴϴ˵ǶԵģʹǴģҲǶԵģϴǣʲôʱÿһΣΪǿǰǿ֪ܲʵ໢һֱϴǱߵǮġ
ҲһЩС˵ˣΪ໢ô׬Ǯ
Ҫ֪໢ȡʲôģǶûа취ӦôӴĿһû顣
ȴһţҪ֪ôܣ໢ôһţȻҪǮ̫˰ɣ
̸磬ڶѾУô˵İҪĻ֮ǰô׬Ǯİ
Сܹĵŵ飬֪ȴкܶˮôԼȴأ
ڳȥĻоˬˬ˵ʲô˵໢ˣЩôİûֱ˵飬ʵ顣
ˬҪ֪һǵһ֪ҲǿԵĵزģʮʲôϵ𣿡ǸСʮֲ׵ʵԼǮƺЩûʲôϵɣ
ǺǣҲ룬֮ûЩôǮǾΪһֱǳЩͨ˵Ѫ˼һ̣һǸֱӳԵһ࣬ĵ𣿷û飬ʹǱʲôģǶֱӸ¿İ˾ˣֻҪ˵ңǹ˾ͻֱ˹ȥ
ȻҲ֪ԼߺЩͷһܵ˵Լȴġ
ЩҲǱȽ⽻ǮģûȥǮʲôģҪ˵ģǾǵȥɷˣ˽㶨ˡ
СһĴ㵣ڳĬ֮УΪҲ֪Լϣʲôأ
Ҫ֪һȥĻԼߵľÿ϶ò˶٣ǲĻԼܲ𾴵ĸоˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰҶ˵ǳģȴǵԺ˵ǳˣһ໢˸ǻĽĿ
Ѿ֪ѧҪ໢ֻϴҲ˵ˣЩԪʲôģҪǨоǵʱЩҲҪúŬǡ
飬Сܵûǲ³ԿʲôģȴԼνǰ;ֻǳȴǸǰ;֮ġ
ϴĺܴܴôԺǣֻһ仰Ҫ飬ͬҲãͬҲգ㲻ܹԣҪȻҲŹǣҸǵĵߡ
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ҪԼߵ˿ʼ飬ΪסЩꡣ
ЩСܻ׵̵˼Ƕˣһ޺޵ĵ˵ͷҲ֪⣬ʱǿ϶Ҫֺ֧ó˼ˡ
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ȴ²ؼ߸߹ģ֪Ϊôķա
ϴǸжı£
𺣸ôҪ֪ǸֵһڵʲôˣҪȻôûа취жϡ


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ʵʮֵǿҪûпĻǺҲࡣоһҽطҽڣҲˡ
⻰ҲֻһˣʵϴҶ֪岻̫󣬵ǳ˵ˣ𺣸ȻҲҪӣĬһ˵ҺѯһɣʮӣҸ֧ľҪôôǲ飬һ㶨
𺣸֪ȻѾĴ㣬Ȼȫֳ֧ˣʣµˣǻȡͳһ
ˡЩ˼Ҫ֪飬ȫǸ𺣸һЩ鷳ʱҲ벻ôˣڶѾߵһҲûпܺʲôġ
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𺣸ȥٴǴүģүѾˣʲô鴦
ĵطҪǮֻܹЩֽŵˡ
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ԹԵˣϴһ仰˾ֱܶˡ
ƻ֪ԼҪȻĻҪú˼ԼһǷбҪѵˡ
鲻Ҫ˵ôϻĹ֮УǸô찡һڣӶˣ벻ȥоһЩˣҪܶʽЩǮ
𺣸ҲЩ޼ƿʩĸоҪ֪ʹҲɸΪ֮ǻԷ첻


405 ֵһ
𺣸ǳĬһ򿪿˵飬ֻһطԸ㶨ˣǾǶĳˣûл˰һǸ˵飬һЩûǾȥǸطɱӺ
Ǻϴģڶֱ˵棬˵ĵŭʲô̶ȡ
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оļƻҪֱˣѾƳǵİAPPˣҲѾȥҵĸУУУЩ˵ҸŪˡģЩȹӲҵЩ⳵Ҳ׼ˣʱŪǵ˲Ϳںܴĳ̶ȡЩǮˡ
֪ڸ𺣸ǵļƻ֮У໢ҪΪһҵ۹һҪĶֻΪǵļƻҪǰˡ
Ȼʱ𺣸Ҳ׼ˣҪôǳ̻Ҫôǽ£ʤơ
Ҳûа취ڵǹϵõôˡ
ҷģȻǾĶǵǿ϶ҲʮִĻȴǲܹ߷񶨣ֻҪʽа취㶨ҪǷԣǾϴԼˡǲٵϴҲ֪ʲô
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˿̣ƽոմЩ飬ƽڵѰЩ˵ټǿϧǣ˳ʮֵѸ٣Ҳ֪Щʲôط
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˧Ҳһѡ⣬ȴû֪ôѡ
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ʹǴѡǶԸⷴҲ֪ûǻ
ȻˣѡǷǴģʱû˸Ұٷְٿ϶֮ԿԿ϶飬ǾǺͳȽ̫ʡˣ˼ҳǰܼӣһ־һڰ
ĵȴ绰ȴǿų˵ĵ绰ˣǽˣ˵ʲôľ
Ǻǣ϶ҪˣҵҪһģҪǶͬĻҼʮô
Ҳ֪ǮֱӷģԷ˵
ʡһǮǾʣһǮɡ
Ҳû⣬Ǯ˵ûжֻϣҲҪŪңҪûһڣҿջϲĻҲջϲġ
ܿų˵ֻ֪ڴ˲֪ʧȥʹ࣬Ҫ֪ڵĶѾһĥˡ
ҲҪ˵ʲôڶܿԼпܻЩġ
ȴǿŶԷЦˡ
ǵ绰ͨˡ
ôżΣ֪ԼԷ⣬Ҫ֪𺣸ھǳһ٣Ƕûʲô顣
֪ղʲô𣿡𺣸˵ڱԼˡ
Ȼ֪ˡ͸𺣸˽ӴʱҲˣ˵ҪûĻǸղڿңֱӽЩ˦˰ɣҲ֪еһȴҪлģҪûĻҲġ
Ѿ֪ˣ𺣸ȴ̲סŭ˵ڵģҲ֪Ǵ˻ǱүģҪŪǸһڲֵǮĻֱӽѺ룬ÿһ춼ȥһ٣㽫ҵһڣʲôʱ׬һڣʲôʱſԸһѡ
𺣸Ҳ֪֪ˣô
ǻ˵Ҫ֪ڶѾʮֵķŭˣôǮҪٶİ
ֻҲ˵ʲôֻҪ˾ͺˡ
ȴûʲôģҪڣһҪŪһҲǻ̬ȣǸҪǲֵǮǸǻᱩŭŪǸ˶пܡ
ҽܣ˵һڣʱһ֪ʲôһڵļֵС˭Ӽס㣬Ժ档
ͻȻ˵ҲһˣȻЩȽϴ󣬵ǻôһѪڡ
ߡ
𺣸Ҳû뵽ܻԱߣ뵽ˣҲ̬ȣֱӺҪСûһڵļֵ㿴ʸ񿴼ڶ̫ЩǮҶ»Ҫ֪ӿѾķ໢ôǱΪľôһ
ˣһڻ֪ʲôֵõģʱ㿴˳ɹȻͻһڸˡȴǲԼĸˣҶһҪǵʱĻǿ϶Ҳ໢ĸ߲㣬ô˵˶᳣ģЩ˸飬ôܹеˡ
⻰ȴЦȻˣֻҲ뵽ʱҽˣȴûǮңֻܹ˵ʧˣҪ֪Щ˿Ǹţƺ˵ҪӦˣʮڣҶѾӦˡ
ҲһŵˣȻҲ֪һӽǮģҲҪһЩɹЩ˸ץߵļһҪ˸Ȼǡ
ĻʮֵĸӣϾĻ£鶼Сˡ
á
𺣸Ҳֱһ֣󽫵绰ҶˣԼͶܸˡ
뵽ЩǮ𺣸󶼻ʮֵʹ

ȴͻȻܸ˵ĴЦҺܺǸСӵ˭Ӧþ໢Ķְɣû뵽СôȤΪǮҲǹƴˣֻϣҪʧǰ
ҲԼִţҪ˸ʧĻ϶ᱨġ
ģҲʧǷԽЩ˸Ū
飬䣬˭֪Щ˻ᱻ˸
Ҫ֪һʲô飬ǶǶ˵ǲ̡
ҿ԰쵽
Ҳǳصģų˵ֻҪһСʱҾ֪ʲô˵ı¡
ȥɣҪҵˣֱӽ˸͵Ǳȥ
Ŷ˵ûа취˸ãֻܹŶȥˡ
áҲ֪ǱҪģų˵ԼԼɣЩأ˵飬Ҫ˸ҽֱӰˣһСʱ֮ڣҿԱ֤㰲ȫȻҪֱӵըĻҲûа취˵ʲôˡ


406 
طѾ׼õģΪľҲʱӦЩͻǳȴЩĿ˵飬Ŷʵ˵Сǲ˰ôоʲô鶼׼ĺúõġ
ߣΪҺǸһҪ֪һڶ˵ҲֻǺķһЩʱˣֻҪҿԸ㶨鶼С顣
ĻţƺˣҲ֪Էʸ˵ͻȻҪöܺ͸𺣸ƴˡ
Ҫ֪˭ӵأ
ˣߵĳ׵ס
ǽţܶζҪ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵
˯ɣطĶԼˣҪʲôֱӸ㶨ϢˣѾü춼ûϢˣҪԼˡ
ŵ˵鵹ʮֵɣЩǱ𺣸ȥеˡ
ڳҲûʲôҪˣ̻ͽҲѹˣ˶ûʲô飬ڹؼʱ̾ǳǿסˡ
ô֮УǳΪصһһѣ鵹ûʲôرġ
˯ˣ˶æµ
һСʱ֮󣬳ѹˣԼҪѹģǵ̼Ŀųϴ󣬿ѹǸѾ㶨ˡ
ʲô鰡Ѿ˯Ժģﻹǵô鰡
ʲô鶼ֻ֪ǿŵʵСӲҪ˯𣿡
ǣǵ˶Ȼˡ̿ųЦһֵðǸ˵ٶʮֵĿ졣
ڵ̵ͬһ㣬ΪЩһûٵıˡ
ȻЩ˵ľ״̬ôãΪ˵ʱֱɱȥ˶ɱĸɸɾģҲЩСһЩӰ
Ŷ鲻Ǻ𣿺ˣҪûа취˯˯ɡʲôڶ˵ˡ
ƽ˵ĲôƽװƻһеģҪȻ˭֪ʶ鰡
Ҫ֪һڣǿɲһӾͿģˣɣ
һӾ͸Ǵĺô
˿̣𺣸Ŷ˵һڣ
ǸＯһڵԲ𣿡
ҲʲôƲ磬Ÿ𺣸˵鶼֮У֪ԼҪʤˡ
Ǻǣ˼⻹ǵһ˵ңǮûйϵбãҾб¸㡣𺣸ŶЦɣϴʱú˵˵ɣ
ԡ
һ㶼طʲôģɱô࣬Ҳ⼸һˡ
ֻҪ˼ˣǶѾΪ˵ļһ
𺣸ȴҲ֪ô˵ˣб£ҲѾԱһ£Щ˶һȻģ飬ȴǲҪȥôˡ
ǮֱӸԷˣ
ƽŸ𺣸ʵ֮ǰҲڵѰң˭뵽˼ֻһȦֱҵЩˣıĲС
ƽȴǺĽҪı£Ǹöð
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𺣸ȴͻȻƽʵѾһڣȴҪȫһ£Ҫ֪һڳ˵ôҲѧʵġ
ҪǶԷţƺģһӸû飬һǶģ鷳ˡ
డֱӱɱĴڣҲоϵϢҺϴ󶼻ǿģֻǲ֪ϴȫĻǷҲһأ
ƽȻҲ֪𺣸ʲôһ仰˵ҪǸղҪɱĻطû˿ס
֪𺣸ȻҲ֪Էı£ҪȻԷҲһֱӵطǼʹҲҪƽ˵ǺãֱӽǮ׼ãϴ֮ǰǾҪǮ׼ˣһԸɣҵҪ֪һڵҪʲôҲ֪ˣ˵ıʮֵĴһ˵׬ǮٶȲǲ٣
𺣸⻰ǶĬˣһ֪ܾȻôţƺһ档
ֻǣǿʼʱ鶼˲ͬһ档
ڶϣѾѹˣϵЩ˿Ѿˣ鶼ǶܵĹ͡
Ҳѹһ㶼ʱ̣һֱʮֺԷƺҪ˯
û֪Է˯ǶȴǾȣҪǳ֪ԷֻһˣΪʲôԷһˣĺͨ˲ܴ
İطҲҽԺȴ֪ģ鶼мֵã
⻰ȴЦ˵ֵطʱסĵطû飬Ǿˡ
Ŷ
黹ôãȴʲôû˵ˣֻǾĿų֪ϴ
ʵϣ˿һЩ飬ǵԼʱǱɵģǺȴǲ֪ôˣһ䶼ûУһֱ˺ڣŻ͹
ˣȻǶѾˣҲ׼뿪ɣʲôʱǮңҪ֪ҵǮǲܹڵģҪȻҲŪ㣬ˡ
ܿų˵һȽִŵˣҲԼļ֡
Ȼ֪ԷǮܹʲôˣÿһ˵Ǯܹڰ
ҲҪȸ𺣸׼òǣһڣһٿ飬϶ô׼õˣȻ˵ȴ˵Ŷ˵ڻҪһʱ䣬Ҳ֪һڣǲǽһԸ㶨ģҲҪ£Եȴɣ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ų˵ҸŸǣа취ɣ
Ȼа취ˡ
ʱֻܹҧ˵ԼͲ֪ûа취鲻Լһ˵鰡б˵ôİ
ڶܵǰȴҧܹԼ˵ĵط
ˣҲҪ׼һ£ʱȥɣȺ͸𺣸һЩǮ˵ġ
Ҳ֪Ҫǲ뽫Ǯ˼ҵĻǾǵŸԼʬˣҲô޴顣
Ǯʱ򣬶ȴǺƽЦ鵹ǿУϣ㲻ҪʧҪ֪һʧˣֻûлʧˡ
ȻˡŶ˵ʲô˵Щ鶼Ѿ˵һϣ˵ĻǾǸԼˡ
ˣ뿪طʱʮֵ泩ΪоԼǿҲ֪ΪͻƵĹϵΪĹϵ
ȥҽԺ˽£ڵûʲô飬ֻǵʱܵŹȶѡ
óЩҲһŮܵľţҪʲôǶûУǲأ
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û飬㡭
ģ·ģûа취Ȼû̫⣬ܵ˵ȴǻӰһЩġ
ûʲô⡣̾Ϣһ˵Ž˵鲻ҪϣѾǶˡ
ûгɣڳȴˣȴЦ˵ʹǣҲûʲô飬ҲѾˡ
ô˵˵⻰طŵĽ¶֪ô˵һˡ
Ҫ֪ʱôĶ£ȻֱΪ¸סˡ
ҪǶĻǻʲô㣿
ıŽ£ȴǰδеƽ
ֱӽ˸ǲڡ


407 
Ů˻ǿŵ㣬ڻûн顭ǸоԼŮ˸һ㣬ֱӿų˵Ǵż⻰һ˵ʱ֪Լ˳ԴʲôˣŽЦ֪ˣҲý˰ɣ
⻹ûн飬ֱӸĿڣ˵ɣǲʲôĿİ
¿ų˵֪Щ仯ǿ϶ʲô飬ҪȻҲˡ
⻰ȴЦȻˣҪһЩ
һЩȴʮֵľ裬ųʵǵǶٰС֮ǰʮйģһֱԸҵʽ˻ôȴ˭ʲô˰׼˼ҵǮˣ
ĻȻǿЦֻҪ֪Ҫʲôأ
֣ʲôҺҪˣǮȻҲҵˣҵʱҲлĲǣʲôʱⰡ
¿Ž˵⻰һ˵ʱͲ֪ô˵ˡ
Ů

ǲ
̻ʤƶ̲סЦ֪ʲôŮˣʱһӾͽ¸ˡ
Ҳ˵ֻǿų˵
ʲôûֻǿ㡭
޹˵⻰ȴԼţҪô򵥵Ļˡ
˵ˣҪ٣ǼһɣҪȻĻֻЩﲻƽ⣬ֻҪû̫ı仯ֻҪǶŶ׬Ǯˡ
ºҪһЩ鲻մĻǵʱֻǻԼѱɳˡ
ȻҶһǮɣ׼սӶҵڹûа취ҵʱȥǱעһطѵЩˣֱӷڹǱ߽սҲֻ֪Ҫ㹻һֱǮ׬Ǹ˿Ĵ½ǳ׸׬Ǯˡ
һֱǽǸطǸطһֱʮֻңʲôˣҪǸطչǶҪ㹻ʵ
ûа취ȵƣǾǸط޿޶˫ûʲôеľǸŮҲ֪˭õġ
ʵϣҶڻʵʱһ˭ʵߵĻǺҲȽ˵ˡ
Լ˵ͿˣҲǣоҪʮڣʱֱӸ˵ǻ㶨
ǶҪҪͳȻĶ˭Ҫġ
ǺܸлǵθУҪ֪鲻Ƕûа취ʹˣǶûа취顣
ֻĻ£Ҳ˵ôֱ࣬ȥ͸𺣸˵ˣЩ𺣸֪
ڿ꽭֮󣬳ȴֱӾǱˡ
Ҫ֪һʲô͸
ֻǣҲ֪ʲôÿһǶԿ褣褣ǲǽָԼļ˰
硣
˵ĵЩ㣬Ͼ֮ǰôһξҲʳˡ
˭
褿˳һʵǺĲʶ
ʱ֪Է˺͵ľˣ뵽ԷЦǳֻҪʾ־ֳİ칫ġ
ֱӽȥɡ
褿ûпһֱۣ߽ȥˡ
ǳһǱȥˡ
棬ȴʮֵĹ죬˶Ҫ˵ʲôȴֲ֪ô˵ôû뵽褾Ȼôס
ȴһЦݣŮ׾ͻᱻ˸룬ҪĻֻ鶼бʱǵĻͻˡ
ۿۡ
ֱˣҲ֪һ϶ЩرĶҪֱӽȥǺ׵ʲôġ

һżƣʮֵۣһЩֱʧӰˣҪ˶ûа취Ҳ֪ЩֻڳǱߣȴʲôܹ˵Ҫڵʮֵŭ
ֳá
źһЦЦЩ䣬Ҳô飬һʲôû˵ôܻὫһȥ
ˡһѾ֪ѾڵóʱˣҶΪˡ
֪ʲôҪ˵𡱳źһʵ黹ôƽ֪ĻȴǿԿҲŭ֮С
ôͣЦݲõ˵ֻЦݱ̺ĶȴǺһԿģҪûŪõĻǽ˿϶鲻Ҫ˵ġ
һҲҪ˵ʲôֱӽԼϵĶӸ˵Լɣ
һƵһ˧СƵ档
òСа
ȴôÿˣΪǸСֱӳźͮ
ҪСңİģҪȻĻҲطʱҲʮ֧飬Ƕ˵ˣŮһʮֺõĶϱ
ǸСף
ֻǳȴǸоıζʲôأ
Ҳûа취棬Ůϲ˭ϲ˭ҲֻطѣֻҪ׷Ҳ鲻ҪҾˡ
һǱȽӲ֮ǰǽͮȡ˺ǲͬˣǳȴ֪ǿʼȻԷѾ˼ǿ϶вͬˡ
ֻǲ֪Ƿرأ
Ȼ棬ȴôһ棺ҲѾͼ˵ˣ˵ֻҪʵĻı£ֻڳôһط˷ˣҪȻֱӽ뾩ǸطöðھǵطһֳλÿԺʣʱҪǱתһȦֱǾˡ
⻰ʮֱֵӣǾҪֱͨϵ
֪Լ߻ûа취ͶԷȽϰ
ҪǺһѡЩˣҲʮֵ⣬Ҫ֪ЩˣΪľ飬ҪǲĻǻҪʲô
Ҫֻ֪ҪȨʲôУһʧȥĶֻǱȹѿ
Ҳǿˣȴûа취ܣĿŵıĺ
Ҫ֪һǸһкҲɣ
ֻǳûпĬĬĿȥˡ
Ҫ֪⵽ʲô
Ǻǣ˼ҲѾˣֻҪط츣ѣҲ֪ˣˣôİӣĺǱǸˡ
һȴǾܾǸˣóôû뵽
ֻǣȻһûдӦǸˣǺʲô
ô벻ףǺĵļȥˣ֪ԼֻҪȥ鶼⿪ġ
Ҳ룬һ飬ȴҪ㣬Ȼû棬ҲȥǿԽߣֱӽʮ˲
˵ɣǵҪʲôҺûʲô϶Ĳ֪ʲôطǣҪǺЩйϵǵʲôû˵
һһɻĿˣƺҪ֪ʲô


408 
Ҫ㣬ΪʲôҪǸйϵ㲻֪Щжôİࣿ໢㲻ҪκϣԺҲҪ໢ʲôϸ飬ҾˣҪȻҷַ֪ʲôú͵
鵽һ֪Ǹ˵ĿģԭһжΪԼߣֻŭһҪ˵һ仰鶼ͬ棬ı䣬ô
ΪûжǰʾѾǱߵ鱨ϵͳ˵һЩ£ҾͲǱߵûзӦ
һų˵֪ЩˣǳǱȴǳ⣬ʱʲôأ
ʱһ£źһʵ˭ʾˣ
ǸСˣǸţһ֪Ҫ֣ûҲˣҪ֪㱻ǣˣңʲôҶѾʾǱߣܹ
úһʮֵŭطųüͷĺһ˵ҪǺûйϵĻҾ֪˭飬ǸȥʲôҲһ㣬ҵЩ˶˸ܡ
ҲЩ̾ϢǴŲ²Ҫŵĸױ˸ܵĻҲ֪ôҪűĻǿ϶ɵģֻǲɣûа취顣
Ҫ֪ÿһ˶ĻֻǸûа취˵ô¡
Ҳ֪ԼŰ죬Ҳûô࿴飬ҪҪȥҪסңҪȻĻԼ˵Ҹôѡˡ
һų˵żɫҲ飬ʱҲʲô취ûС
Լȫģΰ鼴ʹɵӶȥ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ŶԷ˵һһҪߵ飬ʲôûСʱ飬Ҳᴦá
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ǺǣԼŰɣҲûʲôҪ˵ˣȥɡһڲôֻ࣬ϣԼЩ
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Ҫ֪طѾ໢ˣЩжĶǿ϶໢ˡ
ȴǲһģҪ֪໢һֱڳĹ涨֮£ʲô鶼Ϊǻе𣿡
Ǻǣ˭֪أ໢ҪûʲôĻǵǮôİҪ֪ǲҪʲôģֲ飬ĵһ𣿶໢ﻹһϴʤţ˵ǲҪϴɿܣʱֱȥЩ鷸Ƶ鰡
ո߳һЩ֪Լֳʲô飬˵ԼԲѯ໢ǲ飬ֻϣĸ
⻰ֱŵǣǶΪͺһҪܳʱ䣬һӳͳˣĻﶼˣҪǵʱֱӱǵĻǸô찡
һ뵽໢飬һʮֵĿ־塣
ȴǿ˵Ҫ໢û飬鲻Ҫ£Ҫ໢飬ҿ϶Ὣ໢˸֮Է
ǹ˽𣬻Ҫִֻ褲֪ˡ
ճȴ֪Է˼ЩӵˣҲȥô飬Լ褵Ĺϵ˼ĻҲʮֵѵָ˼Ұʲô
ӰбҲԼ໢顣
Ҫ֪ѾˣҪ飬ʱŻˡ
Ҳ˵ôֻ࣬ǿ˵ϣǶԺúõĺ׼ˣʱϣλμҵĻǶսѰɣ
Цʮֲãڳ˶ʮεЦǸղŵô˵Щôá
ٲܹó֪
ֻǣȴǲų޹ģһӾͳôĶʲôģҪǺͳûйϵ˭İ
Ҫ֪Ѿǳеϴˣ֪ܲġ
Ҫû໢ĵͷûпܳڳС
Щ֪ŵǵľ
Ϊŵ˸ͲҪʲô֮ģֻҪͿԵˡ
ֻҪǲ˸ץסʲô飬ͲҪᡣ
Ҳ֪һ㣬첽߳ȥȻȴǸ𺣸ȥһ绰
֪ǲǸ𺣸Ĭġ
Ҫ֪һִĻֻǴҶûʲôô
Ȼȴǲ֪֮ԻЩǶ褹طģΪϣߴˡ
ҪһߴˣֻǻԽŪ
鲻Ҫġ
ûйϵҲûȥ
𺣸ĵ˵Ĳ飬ҪȥĻȫĸӵأôĴҡڵİֻЩ˹飬ȥʲôɣҲ֪ǺҪǮҪǽ˼ط棬ǡ
𺣸˼ʮֵԣǾЩϣҲ飬ֻǲ֪Щʲôˡ
ڳطƴģһԪ飬ֱӱǸϵˡ
ҲΪ飬˶Ѿ֪ĵߣҲ顣
ҳҲûпǣһÿһٶһ룬Ҹ඼пܡ
ʵϣڳ˶ѾְЩصˡ
ǳҪЩʲôģϣطһʥأҪطӪͰһ㡣
ЩûôۺʱǽԼ˸еˡ
໢˶һ񣬷Щڽٺ͵Եˣֱץסʹ
һһǧĽھǸطߴ
Ҳ⼸Ź᳹ģǲò˵ȴʮֵĺãطľѾ˲˼ĵز
طҸжѾȲ֪پ÷ĵط˶ٱЩӹˣǶʮϲط
ȻˣҲд۵ģǾ໢Ĳкܴѹ
涼ҪǮֵ֧ģҲΪߵŵĵ·ʱǾǳڡ
ȴԼļ֣Ҳ֪ԼʮֵΣգ̾Ϣһ˵ЩѾ֪ˣЩǮǱ߿ҵʱٺһЩ˾һ¡

𺣸Ҳ֪һʲôֿ˵֪һǸطʲô˵ûаҪ֪Ϊ黹ûиǣʲô
𺣸Ҳ飬Ҫ֪ЩˣҪǺط˹ϵãԺ˭֪ᷢʲô顣
ʵϣĵطǺڲйϵģҪȻôô궼ûʲôֻһֱ˸ڶѡ
ҲѾѯһȥ飬ʱȥڵҲʮֵķңҪ֪Ǹطһ⣬Ҳʮֵͷۡ


409 
á
𺣸ҲųҲҪ
˫㶨
ŵĹ˾ǿϧڹ˾ҲˣֱӺҵŵĵַ
ʱ򣬳ֻܹȥļˡ
Ŵ˿Щӵվڴ鶼ôźҲûа취׾ֻһ
Ҫǲ飬ֻ׾Ҫȥ
¥£ֱӶ˿ˡ
СģǸӶʵоЩԾȴǲ֪ﲻԾ
С档
ȻѾҪˣЩ˻ûҲ֡
Щɻ߽ȥ
ˡ
һ͸˯վڶ¥һֱڵȴһ㡣
ЩøһͰɡ
ʵҲôϻˣҪ֪ΪľѰࡣ
ҿԸ㣬ɡ
ŵЩˣֵĻȴû˵֪ŵʲô
ֻʱ򣬳֮ȴѾڷˡ
ʲôı
żֻҲո˵ʲôˣҪĸʲô飬ҲɱһˣЩϧЩԼ飬Ҳôˡ
ȥ֮ڴϿ˵飬Ҹôأôͣ鶼޷ıѾʵ
ŵǺһ㣬㺦˲֪ˡ
ȻҲ˵ô࣬Ը֮Աѵԭ𣿻ЩԼѡɣҲԼ
ĵŭֱӱˡ
Ҫ֪֪Ϊŵһ֮˽군ˣǾҲȥ
鲻һطǶǲˡġ
ԲȻҲ֪ûʲôãȴҪ˵
Ҳ飬ǵĸֻһˮֱ
ȴʲôû˵ֻۿŶԷڵȴԷѡһЩ˵
Ͳ𣿡ſųʵҲ֪Լʲôˡ
飬ʲôʵģ˭ҵĵˣҲ⣬Ϊеĵ˶ᱻҸѹֻǹѰһҪĶˣֻҵˣʧˡ
һʼЩڴԷƱʲô
ֻЩ飬һʼˣǱź
Ļſĸ֪ԼѾͳˡ
ûʲô˵ˣ̾Ϣһ˵ΣЩļʲôĶѾطˣֱӴ߰ɡ
˵ͷһ׼ȥʱȻԵ޹ʺȾƵˡ
֪ԷҪɱŶԷǾƱ촽ԽĽʱҲԽĸӣʱŶԷ˵ͣɡ
ǺǣʱҲĻԶ˭
ſų˵ˮҲ֪Ϊʲôȴûͣ
Ϊûͳ棬֪ԼһŮˡ
ʹʱ̣һŮˡ
ҪһŽŮ˸УҲ֪ô죬Ҳһ֮ʱ򰡣
һѳȥǾƱ򷭡
ǾƱľƵڵϣǵذ嶼˲һȻƱ֮еĶһ㡣
ţʮֵĸӣĶҲ֪Լô죬Ūţʮּ򵥵飬ҪŪ
⣬ʮ֮˾š
ŵ飬˵ҲǺйϵҪǰ׼õĻ鶼ôңʲôûãֻһԼ飬ոı硣
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ԲǲģҵĸױǸˣǶǵסʱôش𣬵ȴҪҸ׸Ūûа취ֻܹˡ
ſ˵ڵʮֵĻҡ
ɶԷţĮĿţҪһƽǵ˼ô˳ӵѰʱпʲô
˵й֮ˣ뵽ΪʲôͲ㲻أ
ҪƱʲôģֵʱҲԱȽ˳ְ
ʱʲôҪΪ
֪ôʱȴǿų˵ɣҪȻʱҲûа취֪
֪ЩѾڻˣֻΪǳߵˣԲûֱץѣȴʱпܣʱһЩ˸ץסֻ
һĿţڷһڸŮһҪŪҪ֪ΪĻ˶֪ʲôΪǵ鱨ϵͳŻᷢչôѸ١
ףô£ôôȵģ
ȴͻȻоЩԾûпڣȫȴȼһ
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ŵĿ˵ղʲôûиоȴĸоҪʣҲŵֶˡ
ҲǱҵģ˵ҪҲǾͲὫҸ׸Ż
ſ˵ֱ˳
ڳѹһɻĳͻȻʲôȼһ㣬˲˫ɺıų
ֻǳȴǲ֪˹ȥʱȴְһǾһֻƵװá
˿̣»ڲ˶ȥţϾǳŮˡ
QQͻȻ˸Ȼŵģ֪ŮʲôܵĽǸƵͨ
š
˫ڵѪôû뵽ǸŮ˾Ȼ˼
Сʱ֮󣬳ָֻѾ֪ȥˣվǳ̫Ŀʱ鶼Ѿûа취˵ղȫûа취סͲ֪Ϊʲô
Ҳֻ֪˶ڿţںпܾͻһжɵ
ǵ鱻¸֪ˣʱֻǻͽµһжٵֻҲûа취
Ψһ֮еңǾʵ֮ǰͻˣҪȻֻǳ顣
ȴǲ֪ط֮⣬ǱſųϵһŮˣǲʵΪʲôΪʲôҪ飿
˿ŵɫʮֵĲҰףǼûϢһ鶼ƣֻҪһ֪жôˣҪ鶼ǳĽСʱĲͣʲôĵ
Ϊʲô÷˵ôΪʲô㲻ҲʮϲǸ㣬ȫ𣿡
÷⻰ڵѪҪߵģȴ÷סˣǳϣͳ顣
ʱ÷֮ǾΪ÷˵б½ռȻԲġ
ԽҸ׸˰ɣſŻ÷˵ǻںޣֹˣиิӵ
ȻԣȴҪȥһطĺҪ֪ûбӰҪ֪ЩӾС˵涼Ů˶Ǻһξ˺ӣҲɣ
÷а˵ʮҪһĻΨиĺϷ
鲻Ҫ˵˭֪ʲôˡ


410 
Ǳ÷ŵôûмֲŮˣ֮ǰһֱΪԼʮڻ÷ǰȴǷԼͲʲô˼Ŀֲ
֪ôģȴͻȻͬ齭£˱۸ˣ黹ˣ߻һôֲŮˣֻһ죬Ҳᱻ˸˰ɣ
ԸңҪôԸҲ֪ͽʲô϶㶼ֻ㻹иӿֲɣ
źǿ϶ʵĺʮֵĴ󣬻÷ȴЦ˵ұ㣬ұȽϸˣҾֱӸ㣬һֱңǶôõˣҸһˣôܻ᲻ԼĻʵ֣Ҫ֪˵һֱûд
÷ֻΪôһ仰ȴǽ仯ôֲ
Ҳ֪Լô˵ˣȴҪĸо
ΪڴԺᱻôơ
ǺǣҸ˵ᱻŪˣҿ϶ĸ㣬ûŮ˿뿪ģʹû㣬ȴɻᱻץסǳı¡
ͻȻðôһ仰÷ȴǺܿ϶˵鲻ҪңҸ㣬ȴҿԸģһҪ飬ڳҪңΰɣСĲ棬оǸط˶ڳ֣ǶҪųùҲҪųù
һε鲻ͨ˵飬һЩ飬һЩǰ飬˶²ⲻ
ΪֻΪЩֻа֡
ˣ˵ˣȽߣʱúõھǸطŰɣҪк˵ĻǼǵҪңҿʮֵڴһϷڸһްһЩȤ
÷Щ̬ˣȻҲΪʲôģŻ
ʵϣ飬ΪʲôģʲôҪǳҪ˵Ǯ֮Ļ˶һӶĲ˵Ǯƣ飬ǻʲô
ˣ˵ǮǰǼûжѶȡ
÷ҲΪŻᵽһ㣬ʲôΪֻѰһָ˵Ĵ̼
ҪͳһĽ
ʤҪʧˣǾСǱ̣ˣǲô顣
ӡ
ð֣Ĳ֪ôԼǰŮˣŮô
һжôĲҰס
ƣӻص˳̼·ûлֻмʮδӵ绰ֻʲô˼ûˡ
֪Ѿ֪ˣΪЩ绰ǽġ
֪Լôͽ½ͣͶûа취Ҫ˵鲻ҪģҪ˵мƵģ˼һ
Сܡ
ôˣ
սÿһǱģǶˣĳǱʲôʱǵġ
ûʲô顣
˵ǻ֮еƣȴа취ΣҪ֪ҩЧж󣬾͵ĴŵͿԿˡ
Ŷ
ʵʱ򣬳ȴæֹ˵ȥϴɡҪôˡ
ǱҪ飬ڳһģʲôûа취˵
Ҫ֪·滹һЩŮ˵Ŀں죬Ķôûа취סŮ˵ġ
Сܸղʲôˣǲ׵ʵֻѾԼԼЩ²⣬ȴǲ֪Լô顣
黹Ҫ˵ô·Ŀں죬ҵѾֻ鲻Ҫ˵ȥҪȻһЩ鷳ġպڳѾͽ¶ˣȴôһҪ˵ûôŵġ
ֻһˣȴǵĵܵܣôѡȴѾһĿȻˡ
ѡ񣬳Ҳᣬֻȴ룬ںʲô˵أ
УΪʲôôһ飬ѵ黹
ϴֻ֮ѾûδˣƺҲ绰ˡ
Ҳ֪ô˵
ƭ£Ҷģһֱ룬Ƿᱻ˸֪أ
Ҫǲ˸֪Ļǵʱ˵ԼֻǸطŶѣҪǱ¸֪ˣҪ˵Ļֻ鶼鷳
ǺìܵģԺûиõķ
Сܣڵʲô鰡տųʵҪΪֵһЩգȴ֪Լûа취
ΪԵ飬ͲӿԽģǻҲ̫ߡ
ֻҪʱջûоʲôҲûʲô֮ġ
Ȼ֪ԼĽڵԼȴǲ֪ô˵ˡ
Щ飬ʹԼ˵Ҳ
ʲôֱ˵ɣҲһ㣬һֱߣֻҪ㲻Լǣǽ㶼㡣
ͻȻų˵һʮֵͻȻܵҪ˸ƿֻûжŷӦǳȴʮֵʹ࣬Ҳ֪Լô˵ˡ
Ҫǻһˡ
ǳȴûа취һӾˣҪ֪֮ǰٻӱû飬ʱȴǱ˸ˣҲ֪ô˵ˡ
գһѱųıҪڻ档
տЩĽЩ۳֪ʲô飬ȴǲ֪Լôο
գҲˡ
ʱ˲٣գſ˿˵㣬ղҷһЩ顭
ЩˣĲ֪Լʲô˵
Ҫ֪һ˱˸ƣҪ˵Ǻܳªɣ
ܵ˵ȴռһ
Ϳôˡ
ֻ鲻ôĶʮֵѹ
ø߽£Ҫûа취ܵĻҲûʲô˵ˣҪ֪ȫͲܵʲô𱸵ģܵ˵ĲΪʲôҪдĻңĴʲôط
տų˵ʮֿ϶ʹһŮˣǶΪʲô󣬲ǺһŮϴ
ģǱģôĹϵ
飬ڳ˵ʲôͬأ
飬Ҳֻǿű棬ǲǻоʮֵĿֲѣӴȴʮֵļ򵥡
Ҳû뵽ջ˵ֱ˵Ҫûа취㣬ֻܹ˵һСܣ㲻Ҫ飬ôģʲôһε飬ҲӦ֪Լߵѹжˡ
Ҳ֪Լûʲô󣬵ȴģֻ⽭µĸоҪȻĻôİ
ȻǱ˸Ƶˣܵ˵ҲûгԿǣ
ֱӺ˵ɣҪȻЩܸӵ鷳ˡ
ֱóȥҽˡ


411 
Ů˶վڳߵģǶ֪ǵϣûа취ܣΪǶо񱣬ǷڳϣȴǸоûʲô
Ҫ֪ʮֵļ򵥣ôϲⶼûа취ܣǻô˵
˫ر׼Ҳ֮飬Ļô
˵Ļֱȥҽˡ
ֻóЩźǣѾطˣҪʽһط鶼û˿ԸһӾʧˡ
óʮֵĲֻ֪ǶԷѾ֪ˡ
ģֱҽʵ֪ʱ¿϶֪µģҪȻҲصôʵ
֪ȴǸһ仰׷ʲôˣôʱһֱڲĵ绰ֱӸңҪ˻鰡Ҫûа취һʵɣֻĹϵҲҪ군ˡ
ºǹϵʵ֪϶ڳϣҪ֪һֱڲ棬ʲôطûȥʲôϵ
ȴЩͷ۵˵Ҳ֪ô˵˵ģ֪ҵĴ󣬵ҪֻϣԸһѣ鶼𣿡
Ļȴʮֵеģȴûа취ýŷ¿ų˵ң׷ʲôˣôô飬ԼʲôˣҪһ飬Ҷԭ㣬ҪǺŮ˹ʲôĻֱһȥɡ
֮ǰ˵ҪԸŮһĻǽûʲôĻҲֻѣҪǵʱ˵ʲôطǽҲûʲôùӰ
ó֪Լ鷳ܴ󣬵ȴûһ취Ϊڵʮֵ鷳Ž˵ʱֻҪԼѣϲڸղŷ飬ֻܹ˵һ͡
ҲʲôȻ֪ʱҪǽ˵Ļ϶ᱻ¸зݣȻǿ޵ģ˭б¶Ը
ֻǲԼô鷳ѡ
Ҳһˣһ飬ֱʵһ˶᷸µĴ𣿡
Ȼˡ
ôܻ˵ģǽȴ˵ԼŲŰҲ˵ʲôˣҪԼ֪һطĻֱȥҪ㲻֪ĻɣҲûʲôʱ˵ôķϻԼ߰ɡ
ǲͳ˵ʲôˣΪѾ֪ʲô顣
Ҳ֪ǳͽµ飬˵ôࡣ
ȻӦǱ˸˵ģҪ֪⼸ѾôˣȥŮôһϷⲻӽˮ
߾ǳҪôһ飬Ҳᱻ¸֪ڽôķӦҪǻǶӽˮˡ
ʱȴһĲ֪ΪʲôҪǸŮأ
Ҫ֪ҪҪĻôܾģΪҪ飬ǾҲҪͳôһ顣
ǶѾ׼Ҫˣʲôϵ
ȻҲ֪Ƿᱻ˸ˣʮֵʧǾǳҸҪǳֱ˵ٵģǱ˸ƵģΥĵ飬ǿϧǣһжѾٵˡ
ûʲô˵ˣҪͳһϡ
ĺ𣿡÷ڽµ˵طΪҵģĿȻǲó֪ʲôطˡ
ʲôû˵ֻһĿǴ֪һЩģȴʲôû˵Ϊ÷Ѿ˵ˣЩҪô飬Ǻ׾ͻȥģΪ˲ô磬Ϊʲô֪ˡ
ʱô鶼һֱ磬ܶ˶֪Ǿֻеʲô֪
ҶѾ˵ˣǸһһĺұΪʲôأȴôһ飬ҵʮֵ⣬ǲҪĿŮһ˰Ҫ֪ڼôã˭֪ǲ˹PSƵİʱ͸ø绰ǡ
÷ȻҲ֪¸˵绰֪ʱʲô绰ûнӵ
⻰Ҳǹ˵ģΪľý°ٷְ϶Ǹǳ
ҲֻһвŻӵĺô
ֱ໴ĺί֪ΪʲôԼĹ۾Ϊôһ˱׼ԭ۵ʱ۾Ȼһ
ĸо²֪ж˿֪ôûа취ĸо
ҪǿԽҪˣôģԼ˾˸ˡ
ô¶ҪĵһģǿϧǣѾûˡ
ѾǸһˡ
Ҫ֪飬ǿطˣҪ֪ʲô鶼û
ʲôûа취˵ˡ
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˶֪ͽìܵˡ
ΪһЩȥҽµʱ鶼Ҳ֪˭ġ
ǾǳһŮǸˣץڴҲóֱӱ˻ˡ
ȻôԸģ˫š
ΪľǲԸͳһ
˵Ҿ֪ʲô˵ˣҪ֪ҵŮֱϹôһˣãûбȢ棬ҪȻĻǵʱŮǿ·϶֪ûá
ǺǣҲ˵ǸŮҲ֪ʲôɫҪôµĻǳôȥ͵ʲôİ϶ǽûʲô£ܾһ˼ٰ綼пܡ
ҿʲôҵǺ棬Ǹͳ͵ȵŮ˭˵һŵܣȴֲǣֻЩ˵Ǹ˽ţǽµĹۣҵǸӵĻϲˡ
ڽֵϣ˶̸۵ģ࣬ҥԣǶԽԽ֪ʲô鷳
ֻʱҲ˲ôЩ飬Ÿ𺣸ʵûа취ҵ°
ҹûа취ˣΪ˹⽫ˣֻҪԸֵĻǵʱôûа취ġϴ󣬲˵㰡ôؼʱ̣㾹ȻȥŮǸҲЩ˰ɣҪ㣬Ҳǽ˸Ȣؼ֮Ǹ鰡
𺣸ź˵֪ˣǲףʱΪʲôɱţǺˣֱӱ˸ˡ
𺣸ȴϣĽѵѵ֮󣬺濴ЩŮ˶ֱӻɱҪʲô֮ˣһˣǵʱ˶ࡣ
ϴ鵹ģһǴˣҪ㵱ʱֱӻɱǸŮˣһжˣڵģû뵽ǵһжǸŮ˳ģǸطǸôӹܰ
ƽų˵ǶѾ֪мƵĹˣΪ飬ǲŸӺĿų˵
ǵĶֶΣǶҪԳ˵һЩ顣
ȴ̾Ϣһ֪ԼЩˣȴѾʲô취ûС
Ļ֮£ô죿
²Ը֣ʲô鶼оĵҲ֪ȥңЩһЩ顣
ڳĿգǶûа취


412 ޼ɵ
ϴ󣬶ˣЩڼҲѾҵˣ֮ǰһԪϣô죬ҪֱӴĻǺпܻĶ滹һȺ˸ţ飬òƲôðɣ
¸·ͻȻ˵ûôʱ俴ųҪ֮ǰȥڲ飬ѯ˸Ķ
¸·ʮܽЩ˸Ŀ֣Ҫ֪Щ֮ǰڱץס֤ݵʱǶһŵģôᱻ˸ץסڵǺãֱӱס
ֻЩҲʮֵӲڱץסʱǻҪֱɱҪǱƽסˣЩ˵ɱɹҲ¸·Ĵ֮Ҫ֪ŪڲˣҪûһĻֻǺ׾ͱ˸ᡣ
飬ڸ˵Ǻпܻ֣֮ûа취ЩʱԴĲôҪԼ棬ֻҪǵ治ܵӰĻǸͲʲô顣
¸·˵Щ˵ĺʣһҪǶ˺ֵˣֱŪеһֱһЩɱǱأûа취ǸҪ֪ǶѾܳʱûгֹˡ
ʲô鶼Ҫ㶨ˣ¸·кܴ
𺣸ȴЩ뱩ߵľˣֻǲ֪ǷӰ쵽ǺļƻҪĳʲôĻҲкܴ鷳
ֻǳô
ҪǳôһСͿԴĵ֮ǰôİ
ȴǿų˵ϴЩ鶼ԴڻһЩ飬ǾڷЩĩѾ˺ܶ࣬ǻкܶ˳֣һЩ춼רȥ֮ǰЩתˣǶ϶ġ
ѾΪһҪ֪һǸӱ˸ĶʱֱǻὫħ۵ġ
໢Ҳʮֵڷ֮ǲֱֹֹһǱſԽԼ߸ϴѳȥ
ûа취˭໢ıôжڿǣЩ飬ô˵пܵġ
ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ǿŰͿˣҪʲôԼһ°ɣڵ״̬ʲôûа취㶨
ʮֵΣҲ֪ԼǱ¸Ӱ쵽ˡ
𺣸ȴЩ˵˵ϴҪ˵һ仰ˣҲʲôҪ֪ȫѾһˣֱʬ⡣
𺣸⻰˵ЩˣڳȴǺͬ
һͨһϴǷ
Ҫ֪һֱҪôһ֧һеˣڳˣֻΪµ仯̫ˡ
֪ˡ˵˵ҲҪһһЩôôɣҪô򵥵顣ǡǸʮڵǮƣ취ãҲҪطЩĿʲôġ
ûԼҪ飬˵ǵ˾Ҫ֪ܵ飬Ѿͷ˲ٵʱ䡣
ȻҲһЩ˵СܣǷڶܵǰ鶼Ǹıˡ
֪ˣϴҪ治ֱӳȥһ°ɣ֮˵顣ҪȻڵǸûа취˵ʲô
𺣸ų˵Ĳָ״̬ĳʲôõ£Ҳ֪Լ״̬ʮֵĲԾֱӳȥɢɢģһЩҲ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ЩЩƣΪʱļһﶼѾ֪ȥˡ
໢һư֮УһƬԴӸŶɵ֮໢ľưһֱʮֵĺ𣬼ʹǳ֮ǰЩȥ֮Ƕֱطжٸ˻ҿĳӣҪ֪໢Ļ
ʵϣ˶ڵȴʱֻҪ໢˱˸ɵ֮һжı䣬ȴۣȻ֪ԼʲôǰľƣֻҪ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʮΣյûʲôΣա
һЩɱˣʱڰһЩţƺˣǶǻѡһطǳĹء
һЩơװ֮ģҲ֪Լģ˻ϳϣԼʲô鷳Ҳ뱻˸֪ط
ʵϣڳʮֵĲ鶼Ѿеȴûʲô
ǡ
һƱѸٵĸһƣһӾͿ˳ˣÿһ춼Ҫʮû˼ͳ˵һ仰
ҪҪǹ
طһЩֹˮҪҪ
طһЩҪҪǴģĶǿǮûа취򵽵İ
ֻǸոȴתۼѾ˹ڨˣ飬һЩȽ޵飬ҪʣҲ֪ʲô֪ЩһȻǰ˵顣
Ҫ֪ô棬ŪˣûмҲмǧˡ
ҪˣôطŪǶ໢𣿡ЩʵҪЩ˺ʲôħ֡
Ҫ˵ΪЩһǶٵĺܣʵҪҪ໢ǷЩ
ֻʱĶˣЩƺѾЩ޼ɵˡ
㲻ǵһʵģ֪ȴǿԿ϶ĸ㣬໢ܿҪ군ˣҲ֪˭˵ģ໢ѾǸܵУҪŪʱǾͿԿ໢Ľˡ
ǸЩ˵ЩƱҪ֣Ҳ֪뵽ʲôջʲôû
鲻ʲô鶼̣ǿǸ˵㻹Լ߰ɣطйأҪӻȥʲôضûá
໢һĹأֻҪ˵Ļ鶼ܹ
ֻ飬ҲǵЩԽ޼ɵԵʡ
Ҫ֪Щ˸ôӦˣǽ໢ɲè
ҪĻ취һˡ
ǺǣȻףҵĶǵ⣬ˣȻ˵ˣҾˮˮϣҲҪǵǣ׵ˣҪȻĻұԼµˡ
Ǹ˿žƱ˵ȻҲΪʲôˣΪľЩǰ˵һЩѣȻó
һʼʱô⣬Ϊ֪Щ϶ִ󣬵ȴóо໢˺ܴ⡣
Ҳ֪һط˺ܴ⣬Щ˺һӾ͸ô鷳໢ڲһʮǿ
ʲô֮дżɱǸʵЩô
Ҫʲôֱӵˣ۸ȻЩ󣬵ҲҪ໢ﶼѾеŸɵˣĶֻطҪǲĻԼȥѰұĶ


413 ж
Ǹ˻ǸоʲôȴǻȻ⣬Ϊеˣĺ̨⸽ط˶ǺһһڷԵģҲ±˸ʲôġ
һۣЩһǲˣЩʮȫǻɣԼǲˣôֱӱ˸׬ȡˣ
ֻѣĸЩ꣬ΪɢĳȴǿĶǿ϶Ҫˡ
ҪȻʱھǱĶֻҪˡ
ЩֽŵĶһ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣҲֻŪģЩ᲻á
ǺǡǸȴǲ֪ģǸ۸Ϊ˱ʾһ²˸׵˼п
һŵĶǲǶаʱһƯŮǵʵȴǴװǿҰŮϸоϤζŮʶˡ
ʱ͸омֹ죬˲뵽һŮˣ褣Ůˣû˭Щˡ
ǾǱߵ˿ʼ
ҪĻǵǱȽϺãڲָ顣
ֻĻʱ໢Ƿᱻǣأ
ЩһôģΪľǽ໢ɣ
ǸоЩҪ໢ǣ
ȴ벻һЩؽڣ飬ôװ쵽
ŮҪʲôİҪٶУֻҪǮȻҪԸԱķʽ֧ҲʮģʲôȱȱĴŮ
Ǹ˺ĿŮЦҪŮչһЩϵǮĶʲôС顣
Ҫ֪ˣǲȱǮƵģʱЩΪǽЩųƴǮġ
ûа취Ȼ˵໢ڲѾЩ˱˸ͨˣһ໢Ҫ֣ǾҪֱӶ顣
ֻҪӲǽˮ˶ĵ
褵ʮֵĺãΪͽ³ϢѾߣ֪˭飬ȴҪлһǸˣҪĻǳ˾ͻһֱôҸⲻҪġ
ŮûжٸʥĸԼôҸȥףӽˮˣһֱҪԼҸ
褻ǽһ飬ǾҪЩϳҵ
Ƕ֪໢ģǱġ
ܵ˵ΨһĿľѸٽˡ
ûа취죬Сѧʼ
ȻҲΪຢӶʮֵǮǱһЩ˶Ǯ
漰Щ˵ļͥǶҿ϶СԼ棬ǺӺļ棿
褱ٰһŮҪЩ
ϻ˵ҸǮһЩҡ
褿ŶԷ˵ֻǲ֪ôģоԱкϤ֪ʲôǸȴʶˡ
ȴǵ˵ҲҪһЩɣҰĴ֮ͥ°ɣҪҿɲҺҪȻַΪ໢ЩǳصİʱǸƬ͵ǱߣҶǲҲҪзˡ
ƺʮֵĽʱ˵ʲôԸطס
ûд
Ҳ˵̬ȣҪط׵ĻԻõĶʮˣⲻҪġ
ྯ춼ѾװˣֻҪҵЩѵ㣬ǾͿһӽǸɵ
˵ǲ׼ֽҪ֪һˢʲôĻǺ˼ҵĻʲôŶ
Ҫ֪һط̫İĴĻǺ׾ͻһЩҪ鷳ɲҪġ
Ȼ֪ˣֱ˸ֽ㡣
϶˵˵ŮԼһȺ˵İ
ȴǿ˳һۣȴʲôû˵ǸͲҲ飬ҪǶԷôеĻǲصˡ
褵ȴԽУԺĸо˾褡
ɡǸ˴ǳߣʵϣӸղŵڣûп˵ʲôģģΪһֱԼڷ棬ֻ¶һ˫ۡ
һ֪ˣĲ֪ЩΣֻҪˡ
⵽ʲô֮ǰЩŲƴǵôһӾͶǷ˰
˭֪ʽԽ˰ɣϴҪһһˣҲ֪ǲģ͵£ЩſʼһЩ֮ǰ顣һҲ֪ʲôʱҪаҪ֪һһĻһ¶֪ǧǱˡ
üƱһĻǵ֮жżָӣǶ֪Щȥʲôģ涼Ѿ˵Ҫ飬Ҳˡ
档
𺣸ȴϷ𺣸ȴǿ˵鶼ѾʼȥˣСܿͻˣû뵽֮ǰ⼸ķѵȻȫǣҲɥĲ񣬾Ȼطǵ鷳һǹĳ֣ǽ໢𣿡
ʲôֵİֲǲ֪ǸܵУǲŸ޼ɵЩ˾ǹľݺǰˣҪȻĻǷַ֪ʲôˡ
𺣸һ䣬һЩ鶼ѾʮֵĿ͸ĲһЩ飬ֻҪһЩöѡ
ϴô찡ͻȻŸ𺣸˵Ȼ֪Щ鲻Ǹòĵģǳֵ飬˶Ѿ֪ˣǸ֪˸ˡ
ô˵أЩ˲뽭µǵĴɩһЩԼҪɩ˵ʲô˵ˣ˭ǵĴɩǿϴˣҪ˵ϴһ仰һ˵ģǱһŮ˸ʲôʱǶ༸ɩˡ
ƽȴʮֿҰ˵ǶǱһʼףǳ˭ġ
ΪҪֻҪóı飬ҲὫ¸ǣǲ뵽ǾֻҪ滻µλá
Ǻǣ黹˵ҵʮֺ棬ҪţƺˣǵʱǸô찡Ҫ֪ˣһҪκϽֻҰʮִİɣ
𺣸Ѿ뵽ҪǸŮλˣֻǶҪǸŮ˶һ
ûа취ǲȨʲôģЩһأ
ǿ϶ҪԼȨҪȻǶǰæ
ǸŮȴǲϣìûа취ڵġ
ǺǣЩ鲻˵ˣѾ;Ǳ߹ͨˣ˫ֽЩҩӸ㶨ȻˣҲûйϵЩֵ˻ôǶǵ飬ֻһҪǾǲܹǻߡ
ȴͻȻ˵Ѫ˿ΪȱϢĽ
һҲ˵㣬ҪϢСʱˣҪȻһҲ鷳𺣸ȻҲ֪̾Ϣ˵


414 ı
鶼Ժ˵ˣȽҵЩ㶨Щ˵ĶҲҪ㶨ҪȻ׾ͳ⡣
ȴ֪ڲܹһʲô©ĻֻǶҪ֮֡
ǶѾǱЩȨƸѹһûа취סĻǿ϶ᱻ˸ץסһЩѱġ
˶֪Ƕʼˡ
鶼ʲôҪǻиҪ飬Ǿҵˣǹĵ顣
Ҫֵ֪ôҪûа취Щ˸ץסĻֻǻˡ
ǿԽܵģԲʲôˣһҪַǵ棬ǶƴֵģʹֿʮֵνЩ棬ϧġ
Ҳ˵ʲôֱȥжˡ
ǱȴѾǸ˳һСֿߣΧˣȻһЩʮֵĴ
ˣţƺˡ
Ƕ±˸
໢ڸɵЩ֮ǰЩôģ֪ȴ֪ôҲᵽĵزɣ
Ҫֻ³ˡ
Щ˵ĺ̨ĺǿ󰡡̲סðһ仰һֱ֪Լĵ˭һˣֺһȺˡ
ôһı£飬˵
ڳ飬Ǹȴҡҡͷ˵ʲôֵİ飬Ϊ˭ûк̨СӣԺҪǳںĻҲԱһЩ㣬һҪһ㣬ҲſԺϴ˵Щ飬׵ˣȻҲҪˣҪȻҲﲻ㡣
ʮֵļˣǻˣǸǮ
һطôһˡ
ŶԷЦ׵ˣϵֽҪǲֱӴŪһЩ㣬Ҳ֮˵ҲǱȽֱӣҶǳģԼһЩתָһЩҪȻҳԱ˳Ҫôడ
ѾԼαװһͻˡ
ֻȴֱĸӵ̲ס뵽ǺǣԼһЩתǰɣ
ʱֱȥΪǾֶǳصİ
޼ɵҾǸϴһٸ¶ûãΪ˭Աǰ
һȺѡ
褺ǿЩˡ
Щ˶࣬ʲôϢ
ǷϣڳûпܶˣֻҪԸ飬ȻͿҵһܺõĹκ˶һ
ֻҪ͵ˣǶ㹻Ļᡣ
褶Ҳ֪ôģȻЩԽ໢Ϊ١
Ҫ֪˴ѧ˶ЩŵģΪЩŶİ࣬Ҫлᣬǿ϶ɵЩŵģأ
ȴʮ飬ҪԼ໢˵һЩڸı䡣
ڿΧˣط߰ЩһˣҲϡ
طֻֽиڶпܡ
Щˣûˡ
ȻЩǱ˸ƣ֮²ġ
ˡ
Ǹų˵ڳûпģֻԼԼ֪Ͳ
ŶǿԿɣҪ֪֮ǰҿΪûп˸ֱӿˣҿɲڶˣҪǿֻܹԼˡ
ŶԷ˵ҪҲûʲô⣬ǾΪԵøӵʵ
Ǹ˴ͷβûлɹʹǾ춼ûá
ȻˣҪǲԿǸʲôȴҪ˵㿴֮ǻҪû⣬㿴һطҪŪߵˡ
ҲʮֵĺҪȻЩ˸ŪҲߵĻǲ鷳ԼЩ˲Ųôɵأ
á
˵Ǵͷβû˵ġ
Ǹȴʮ˲ΪҪЩˣһΪ褿ѹʮִ󣬻һΪ褿ǿĸо
Ǳ˶̯λЩиֶҩ裬ŮЩĶУȻطһ޴ѵ㡣
˶ֱ֣óմȾһͳһ£һӾ֪ʲôɫˡ
ûֻһ¾֪ˡ
ʵϣҲװģĸоЩ˿
ȻҲû˵ʲôô඼طˣҪǻʲôٻĻǾطӽˮˡ
ЩҶҪˣֱֽɣҸȥһ绰ǴǮ
˵ʮֵȻԷʲôûǾǲ³ʲôֶεˡ
ԡ
Ǹ˵˵ͷֿų˵òҪŵ֣ҪȻϴǮҲǱȽ鷳
طǮ϶Ҫϴõģȴǲܹ̫ۼҪȻǺ˴鷳
Ҳǲͨһ绰˵ʮ
⻰˵ʮּ򵥣ǳȴҡҡͷŮӽˮ
Ҫ֪ҪҪҾĻҲڣҲҪ뿪ط֮Ҫ֪Ƕڱš
һطо죬Щһﻹָɵ
ûνЩ˸ͲĶ֣ı
λҪǮû飬ҪǾĻǵʱҵӶù鲻ҪҶ˵ɣԼףǸ⣬ǲκһˡ
ͻȻһϴЦһ̬
ȴ֪ϷҪʼˣղſ϶˱ʲôҪȻҲĻʲôġ
ꡭ
ͻȻһ˱ֱץϴһ΢͵
ߡ
̲ס뵽һǲǽˮ˰㾹Ȼ飬ΪĵӰַӶ˸Ūط
̲ס뵽Щ˵Ӷ֪ʲôģΪôƽ
Ҫ֪ʱһжֻΪѡ
褶пܻᱻ˸
ǿ϶㣬ΪΧ˲ˡ
иղŸλĵ绰ҲѾ¼ˣǲˣطмѵĵ绰ֱȥǱߵġ
亹ˣ褵ûʲô仯ȴǲϵļӿ죬û뵽黹ЩһΪ˷Щ
ȴۣʮֵƽ֪˵ˣǸһֱڿߵ˵طҪЩ춼ŪҪĻֻǻܶľɣЩҿɲҪˡ
⻰ģҪ֪һ飬ǵʱһɨ
طֻвľ죬ûľ졣
ҪҪ޵Ļֻ鶼ʮּ򵥵ġ
ЩȴЩ죬ⲻʲô
鲻Ҫô࣬Ҫ֪һֱʮƵĶԴǵģЩ飬ʲôİǸʲô
к̨ˣҪȻΪΪʲô޼ɵ໢ҪˣҲֻǰ׼ѣʹһ󱩷꣬ôҪһЩĻһʱطͻȻϻϵĶǿǱȲ֪ٻƽ𶼻Ҫذ
һֱŻͲ˵˼ǼˣǾǽطĶ۸Ƶܸߺܸߡ
ҲǽһֶΣֻҪкܴ棬Щʲô
Ҫ֪һת֣ܶ˶пһҹǰǵЩҪ㹻


415 Σ
ȴۿ˵ŮҪԼĻͲҪô󣬵ҪҪһĻҪܹеķնԼš
褻֪˾ǳֻǿ˳һۣʲôû˵Ϊû˼ͳļһ˵ļһʲô¶ûУ˵ʲôĻǶǶԼ衣
ȴǵЦŮиԣҪҪɣҴὫҵĶһ룬һô
ͻȻֽ˼Ǹط棬ȻⲻҪʲôֻҪ褸ȳѡ
Ҫʣղ褵ĵ绰ʹǸǱߵģҲпǸһģжĲడ
Щһֻ˻Ƶ褵ϡ
ΪҪ赶ɱˣֱӸɵ褶пܡ
Ķˡ
Ǻǣ㵹ǺܻܰЩȴǲһߵˣ˰ɣЩһ͵͵绰Ǳߵģǲ֪ǵʲôҪ֪ǼȻǾǲЩˡ
Ǹų˵һֱڵȳߵֽ𵽡
ȻҪǴᾯˣطǷᱻ˸ɵǾҪˡ
Ĳ¾Ҫ֪ЩӦþѾ˰ɣ
ʱ򣬳ȴǺʳЩûƽ̨ȴѾŶֱ·ˡ
Ƕ´־޴鷳
ЩҶ֪ʲô
ʲôµİŲţھǱ߸ûа취ҽطͨ籨ŵˣȴһýֶûУЩҪͻȻǰߵˣǺ׾ͳ⡣
ǸѾһиƿصģȴ̲ס̾ϢǶֱʰ
˭ҪƵĵزǲ֪ǻþ챩
ĲǳصģѾ֤ˡ
Ǳߡ
һѾ˸׼ã׼ŵˣһȺȴˡ
ֱӴӾǱߵˣ߻кһֱϵ쵼
鷳ˡ
Щˣһ֪Щǳ˭ˡ
ҪĻôܳ顣
ȻǺͺһֱ׷Ǳߵ顣
ȻǱƴҪѹȥʹܺߣЩ׷ûа취˵ģֱܶӻǣڳǾ
ֻһЩˣǶһˣĿȻǽưɸɵΪЩطһֱЩṩһЩϴʮֵĲˬ
ĶҪǲĻǺ׾ͳֱ鷳
𺣸ҲѾӵ֪ͨǱд󶯾ˡ
һʼʱǶΪǳЩȥģǵ֮ǽӵ绰˵ԼЩưɱ˸ɵˣһץס෷Сʱ򣬸𺣸ʱ֪໢һ鷳ˡ
໢鷳ж󣬳֪ȴǸоĵԽ
Ҫǰ£ʮӦѾһǳطˣҪֻ֪жλϵͳģأ
ʲôûС
ŮϣǮŶǸˣղྯˣȴɨӣͨ˵ĳӶɵˣֻǲ֪Ƿأ
ͻȻߵ˵òڰʾʲôȴƳǸһۣ󿪿˵ǽնˣǵ˼ĺܴ󰡣ûйϵֻҪҴŻȥᱻ˸ֱ˰ɣ
Ҳұ֤ҪԼɵһҡУҾʲô£Ҳұ֤İȫֻҪǵǮˣһжʮֵİȫҪǮûҲЩ˼ˡȻҪǵ⣬ûʲô˵ģûпǵѶѾǮ𣿡
Ǹ˿ųЦţΪ֪鶼Ѿǵ֮ˡ
Ǻǣ鵹ˣʲôְԺǻ᳣ϵġһЩûʲôʲô⣬Ҫֻһ̺ͽѡ
Ȼˣҽŷ죬סˡǸ˵Щ˼ȴ̲סЦһΪһŷأҼסˣԺǺúúûеطİҵЩСѻûйҿɲʲô鷳
ղŵǸ绰Ǹ𺣸ģֻǸ𺣸һŲõĿ
⻹ǳȽϾģȴû뵽Ȼôá
ղŸ𺣸ӵĵ绰ʲôֻһ֪ʲô鷳
ֲѯ˳绰λãʱ͸оһЩĳ֡
Ҳ𺣸ֱҵεһЩ˾֯ˡ
ڳôңҲչֳǵˡ
Ҫ֪Ǹ𺣸Ǵܴı˶Ϊ໢пܻᱻ˸ˣѾЩ˵໢ﱻţʱпܻᱻ˸¡
Ĵ࣬𺣸Ҳûжȥᡣ
ֻҪǵʵչֳʲô⡣
ȴЩˣ֪һ𵽵ʲôˣôʱ䣬ȴûǸʲôأ
ǺǣŮҸղ˵ĻЧģҪԸһϵĻǵʱЩֱøˣЩʱҪѧһ㣬㿴Щˡ
ŷ쿴ЦȻҲʲôʱȴڵȴЩʱһЩ鲻ô׿ġ
ҪЭˣǵʱҲʮˬ
Ƿܻ漰ĶĲ⣬ô˶طҪĳʲô飬Ҳɣ
ȴǿԸоĵ褵ֿ־壬ϾһŮô˵İΧ֮С
ȻطҲһЩŮˣ˼Ҫô˱ҪôѾǮЩҲǵ鷳
ֻЩ飬ô򵥡
ЩĲ̵˵ŮѻûȴɣôƯԺҪһ˳ˣҲطʲôطʹѧһЩʲôð
⻰ĻֻñȽίķʽȰ˵ŷȴǿųЦֵܣɲʲô˰˵ǰɣ˵ҪǴǮҲûеǲĺˣҲ˵ô࣬ҶǿŲã֪
Ǹ˵Ļó̲ס̾Ϣһ֪
ȴûʲô˵ġ
ֻǣͻȻ褵ĵ绰ˡ
ֻͨĻ֮ȴԵʮ̶ִ
ӰɣҪǸң˵Ļ߻˹ȥҪбµˣǾûʲô˵ģҪھǱߵĻǡ
ŷ첻ϸʩѹĿȻҪǲЩˡ
Ҫ֪ôһǶѾҵʮĵļһǿҵࡣ
ȴЦ˵ǣĺб°ʱǾȻĳ̶ȣҺŮӵ绰ɣסˣҪûǮңеǣʱҺú۰һ
ʮڳû٣ȴŷ쿴ʮҪ֪ôƯŮǾαװȾִ֮ǸǵǷ켫ĸջչֵ쾡¡
Ůˣڴϣ˶Ŀתһĳϣ˶ʲôƲ磬ǸطȻǲʲôɣҪǵʱ˳һŮ˵ĻǶûʲôѵġ


416 Σձƽ
ȴûֱӽӵ绰ʵôû˵طҪǮĻǻûа취ˡ
Ҳûа취ոճŵʱЩ쵽ߡ
һСŮģǷˣʱһЩأˣЩ˻ǿ
ֱİǻбס𣿡
УǸղ̲һΣôֽʲôྯ춼ΧţҲҽطҪȻĻҺ׾ͻᱻţʱط
Ŷûа취ˣֻܹˡ
褺ϧ˵Ǳߺ褶ԻŮȴǺˮʪ͸·ˣҪǺһԸ顣
Ҫ֪һ߳飬褱˸㶨ĻֻҪġ
Ϊҵô״İ
ˣ߰ɡ
һɫʮֵѿѾ֪ЩܹȥǱߣΪô˵أ
Ҫ֪һȥǱߣǰǼƻǸʱһʲô©ȫ
ΪνԼߣһ𲻻ȥ顣
ԹԵԼˣ飬ĻǾҪˣҲȥƴҲʲôɵӣȻ֪ЩѾ˸ٿˡ
ǺǣǺɺϰ
ŷ쿴ЦָԶ˵㿴Ǳ߰ɣǵ˵Ǻֻ࣬ûôˣôһʵĴˣЩ˵ݶֱӱ¶ģֻҰɣҪûЩĵ绰ûʲôһоĵ绰ֻܹ˵ҲԼ׵ˡ
ôܸ㣬ԺҪʲôģǵʱ򱨳ҵֻ룬ǲֱ𣿡
ȴô绰Է˵ȴҲʮֵȷҪ֪ûҽԼϢҵġ
ȴ̾ϢһѾһʮԵľˣ鶼֪
ֻǲ֪𺣸Ϊʲôûأ
벻׵ˡ
ڵƸոջָһЩûô⡣
Ҫǽ࣬ϵˡ
˫ǻָһЩҪҪôȴûа취ġ
ʱǸʱ˫ȶһЩƣ
ҲҪ˵ֻҪӣʱ߻רŴ飬Ҫǵʱĵ绰ǸˣھǱߣʱֻ¾ӵˡ
ŷС˵޼ɵĿ˵Ҫ֪ʱ㶼лҰôƯҲôȥɣҪǵʱǾĻжҪ㡣黹Ҫ˵𣿡
ǺǣԶǸŮǺϣŮǾ찡ʱǾͿ޼ɵˣҪ֪ôƯŮˣһûпŮ˻ôĶ廹ʮֵҪ𣿡
Ҳ룬Ҳ룬Ůͨ˸ǵ𣿲ҵڴЩϴ֮ٽŪǡ
Щ˽֣Ҫʲô֪ⶺؿSط
һȺڴ褵⣬ǳȴһ˵Ļǲǵ˵ĻǸ̲סЦطʮֵиֵϣҲЩⰡ
ڳЩ˵ĻŷʾȽϾȣЦ˵黹һЩģֻû뵽ȴôʮֵĲװ
ֻһ̣ǵȴʮֵĺ棬һﵽʲôˡ
ȴʮżҪֱߵģʲôûУҪߣǲܵ飬ûпߵǼ˶ûʲô³
Ҫ˵ֱɨ֮ͳʲô飬ûΪܳ֡
˶Ѿڵȴˡ
ЩҶ׵ĺܡ
ֶЩôϲȴΪֱӵֶΡ
ǺǣʱˣҪǸ绰һʱϣҲԱˡŷ쿴Цֻȴôûа취ŲƿоʮֵĲô˵ŮҲǺһŮˣڱ˸ᱡôỶϲˣ
˶ʹŮ˱˸ţԸ⣬ʹŮѾûʲôϵˡ
뵽˵ŮҪ֪ЩʱһϣùһȺϰֻҪңû˸㣬ЩҲֻƶѣɱһ˺һˣûʲô𡣡
⻰˵ˣЩŪЩһҲֻɱӺܻɱô˰
Ҫˣ˵֪طһǾ죬ʮǸطľҲǱˡ
ʱһȴܲ̿ˡ
ȴӿ죬ȴôû뵽ͬô׼ˡ
ΨһĵȴǶԷ֪ģҪȻֻҪˡ
Ҳˣ⣬ûйϵŮҹЩǮƵ飬һΪ㶨
ͻȻĿЦ֮дż
ʱ뵽֮ǰ飬Ǹʱ褵Ķڲ
ֵܣЩôʰɣҪ֪˿ǱҸ˵ģҪҺ˺úõůʲôĻǵʱҲʮֵĺò𣿵ɱȴЩôص˰
ʵϣŷ춼Ѿ˼ˣʹ褲Ǿ죬ֻҪûǮĻҲǿԶֵġ
ҲҪԸİɣҲҶô˧ҵǮ֮ŮҲҪˣǵĶǲŮһһҲʮֺõĸо
ŶԷЦʮֵǾ˵϶Щ˲ϲ飬ȻŮҲϲ飬ֻŮ˵ԸȽɬԲ˵ôѡ
ҪŪˣȻûдǹеȴ㹻ı¸顣
ǲ֪ôôˡ
ŷ쵹ҲסˣҲ֪һõŮˣʮֵˬ˸ˡ
ʵϣôαװĵּǿȴôûа취εģŮȴǿԸǴĿС
鶼ôأ˵Ļȴô򵥡
ȴǿŶԷЦҲΪİɣ
ŷ֪ǳԼ˵˼ʮֵˣ褵ĴڣԷ־ڱصãҲΪԷŻô泩˵ôĻ
ʮֵĸӣҲ֪ʱЩ鲻Ҫ˵ʲôܵ˵Ҫǲ˵Ļֲ
ôһŮˣȴһӾͱ˸Ūˣô˵
ߣͷݡ
ȴҲûеû˸ǮǱָԼȴǲ룬ʱôܻôأ
ղЩ˴ǽʱʮ׵飬ʱҪߣҪܴĴۣҪ㹻ĽǮʲôġ


417 
褵ǿüڣұ֤Щûа취ԼǱ߼أΪҪǼǱǷڵĴأ
ʵϣʱ褻绰ģֻ֪ҪˣͿԵþȣô
Ըͳٶʲôϸ𣬼ʹҪ
ԸԱߵĳҲԸͳйϸ
һܹ顣
ŮЩʱһȴǻر鷳
ڣǸҲڿˡ
ǲףΪʲôһ鰡
Ҫ֪ôˣôҲûпÿһζɣ
һ֪ʲô褵֪ԼģʱǱĿʼˡ
ǸŮƯ˵طΪƯ֮һֱӻױˣҵǺϣһطҵͲǵˡ
Ǹ˵ģʱȴŮ˶˸ˣЩƯŮˣطΪƯȴ褡
鲻Ҫ˵ʲôûа취˵ˡ
ȴ֪ʱҪԼ֣Ҫ褸ɱȥʮֵĲ㡣
Լûʲô⣬ǴһɱȥҪˣطһٸǹ֧ǡ
ǺǣҪʲôҸǣŮҵģ˭ҹҸֱȥ졣һѽ褸ţ褱ܵĻʲôģǳȴǿ˵С椣ңһˬҵġ
ʱ褵ȴʮֵĸӣûа취顣
ô˵ʱҪǲųĻֻ˶Źˡ
Ҫʲô
ŷ쿴ų˵ڶѾ֪˭ǾʲôˣôܻŮˣҳǮûе
ȴ˵ôôҪǲŵĻ˭ˣǸ죬ǸŮһǺͶ
ߡ
Щ飬˶ʲôʵҪ֮ǰųĻǵûʲô飬ҪĻǾͲˡ
ֻһжѾûа취˵˶ġ
ȴЩľս֪ǰΪʲôҪֻȴǸо˾ΥְȫС
С椣֪ϴξͲǸŮ˹ˣ㣬ҲҪô鷳
ͻȻС褵Ķ˵Ǹ褰ʾǳ
طҲܹ˵ôֱӣҲֻܹˡ
ĻʱȴֱӽӲˣôû뵽ǰ˾Ȼǳ
ô
ˣ֪˭ˣ
ͻȻ޳ȴһ§ų˵ʱҺҵʲôҪ˵İҪҪĻҵ˲Źǵġ
ҲЩΧ£ˣȴǲ£ΪѾд㣬һҪЩ鷳ʱɱҲ۳
Ѿ׼ĺˡ
һʼûзӦҪʲôȴ֪ˣ˼ҪŪȥ֪ߵģǴһ˵Ļûа취ߡ
ûдˣûд
Ǹֱӿ˵ʱҪǲĻǵʱ϶Ҫġ
Ѿ˼ΪھˣʱֱΪզ˵ʲôҲˡ
˶й뷨ڼ鱻˸֮Ƕĵ·
ûа취ʱж˻סԼʹأ
˶ѾûνĶʱʲô˵еҲֻһֳǵҪЩ쵽ôȥģҪ֪£Щ϶ڧʲôġ
ȴЩü˵㲻Ҫᣬʲô鶼ҡ
ֻҪǱǶԿóʶˡ
ҪȻĻǳҲܻΪôһ˺ôһȺ˽
Ǻǣûпû뵽㾹ȻҲһ죬˲¶డҲûйϵô༸ҲӦõģн˼ȻطȻǲܹٵˣҪ˭ҪߵĻҲҪЩ룬ҪȻĻǿ϶ЩźŶ
ŷҲ֪ʱѾûа취褵ˣΪЩ鶼Ѿ˵档
ҪҪĻǾһȺˡ
ۣ˵ʵϣǶӦʮѺõĲǣڵĽȴЩźҲûʲôϵҶѾ֪ˣǾֵˣֻҪһ飬֪ǿԸҲ
ֺı褣֪Լ϶Ҫߵˡ

褱ȽϿ飬ʲôģҪһĻǺ߲ܿˡ
飬һӵźʹǶųһ
죬ڵģҪлᣬһ㣬ʲôʱ˵ŮҲʸ˵˰Ҹ㣬˵Ů˾͸Ϊ˷񡣡
⻰ǴףҪǴһ˶֪ʲô
ڳˣʲô˰
СֵܵǺ˼
鵹ôƯŮˣҪˣҶΪƴֻǲ֪Ƿ֪˼
Ҫúѧϰһ²ſˣԺߵŮҲˡ
˶Цǵǲô࣬ʹˣô
ط˻
ΪҪ飬ǾطôڣҲ߲ˣҪûбŪĻʱֻǱЩ˵ˡ
ЩʱһЩҶҪΪʮּ򵥣ǾΪֻһ˻飬ɱˣʲôֲ飬ǲſԵõ˵Ρ
ȴ֪ԼʱܹңҪȻ׾ͳˡ
ãҪһǻҪôҾô
ҲȥˣһֱΪôŷ֣Ͳôһ¡
ֻΪһθУԲŶȴԸΪС
ʱҪǳҪ˸һ˰ˣ飬Ĳôˡ
ȴЦ˵ʱֻҪһ飬Ҫûв´ĻӦòǱɣ
ҲǸող뵽һӾôĻһЩⲻǱص˰
ЩˣҲ֣Ǹȴһɣ
˼Ƕ̲ס̾
Сӣ˼ʮҲûʲô⣬ǴӵǱ߹ģ鵺ǵıȻ֮ǰĿľΪ˻ɱģ˭֪ոչȴѾˣطгô٣ΪʲôǶҪúһˣֻҸ֪㵽˭
ʱȺ֮һ߳Ͳ̫ҲʮͷѣǳϢľͶ֮жһ˵
ȴֻ֪¾ǱߵͷĿˣɨڳһ˵ҵĴڣʮּ򵥣˶ϰԽҳҵ褣ҲԲѯĳ
ЩҲҪţԷ
ȴɵˣҪ֪⻹ǵһγô˵ǰ顣
Ҳ˵ܽʲôԺͳֻûа취ֿˣ֪ôģȴʮֵĻϲ
ʵϣһǺǿŮˣȴΪ˳ȥһУҲ֪ԼʲôȴǸıԼ


418 ̫
һӶûпһˣҲһѾڳĻ棬ҪһӶ뿪
֪Ƿ˼ԸⳢһ
ڽµĴڣȥүģˣ˾Ҫ֪˵ᣬǾǿԵıˡ
ʱ˵ʲôٵģ褸ųŮ˸ǲ֪ж٣һֻҪҪʲôġ
ɲ֪ʱ̣褻ں˼ôĶ
ûиɣǸ໢ĳ𣿡
ôܰҪĻⲻԼ𣿡
㲻Ĵô֪ߵǸˣһֱзŮô˵ˣӦòҪȻĻǵʱֻھҪѪƴˡ
˶۷׷ףˣǶǳЩĩģǸ໢Щĩ̬ȡ
طǸղųȥһ绰ֻǸ𺣸ǣ˶Էĳ
û뵽㾹ȻǳһҪģǸŮ˶ǸʱȴʮֵʹడҲ֪ôˣҪǽɱˣֻ໢ɣԺǹȴʮ׵ˣǻԺ໢ϴͨʱֽг򿪡
Ǹ˿ųЦʮ⣬Ѿնɱһ㡣
ЦҪͬ˵ô򵥣ǵǺ飬Ϊ𣿻мӣҵ˾͵ˣҪҵһѪսǱҪѡˣҲ֪ǽ˭·Ҹ㣬ڳУҳģȻҪ㲻ŵĻԿ
ǰ˵֮ԽԼָҲΪҪöԷͶ
Ҫס褣ͱҪ㹻ݡ
ǳ뷨Ƿбİ취ס褣ûȥ룬ȥðʲôġ
ǺǣҲĺ㣬ʱ˵֮ǰǺһ䣬ø𺣸Ϊ֣簡ĲΪֱŪҪ֪ҵطҪҺͨһʱֻʮּ򵥰ɣ
Ǹ˺鶼ʮֵ˽⣬Ȼȴǿ˶Է飬ҪǶԷôİգǾͲǻںԼĥˣǾֱӻɱˡ
Կ룬ûа취ҸסҸ㣬Ҫһ߳ȥˣطѪɺӣ鲻Ҫ룬ֻҪ֪ôһ֪ˡ
⻰˵ԷȴǳĬˣô붼ûа취ΪʲôὫôȨ𺣸˵ڸ𺣸໢˶ûжĲġ
׼ȷ˵ҪǸ𺣸˼ٿԽ໢һΪ˭ûа취ıġ
ô£𺣸ΪʲôҪðأ
Ҫ֪ԶѺͺԼϴѣ£ǰһǿԺþۺɢŶУǺһĻȴǻֱӸ顣
ĺҳͺҶһطĻȥ֮ҵʱ뿪У֮һӭ鵺̸飬Ҳ֪гôûа취ֹģ֪㲻Щ캦飬ûɣ
ŶǸҽˣ̫Ķɽڵطұʾҵĳ⣬뿪ûʲôɣУٸһϢǾһγطҲԼҪģֱǹģɡ
ɽҲһˣҪǽ˳ֻ֮һжûа취ء
ôûа취⣬ΪʲôҽôȨԼ¡
ϴҪЩȥǶļ໥ƺġ
Ǻǣ鵹ǿԣϣһߣ飬ҵʱȻȥǱߡǵʮ㣬ʱ˼ҶѾˣҪ֪ô˵ĻǾӽˮˡ
ʵϣҶǸԸ̨׶ѣȥȥǱߣǾǿʱĵʲôˡ
ãλҪʲôģֱɣһɽˮԶһǻлģֻϣһξͲǾˡ
ɽЩЦҲ֪ʱ˵ĳɽȵˡ
ֻȴǴ̼ˡ
ϴǲ˵ط¯𣿡
ôֱߵİ
ϴˣǸô찡
Ҫ֪֮ǰʱ౾˿ʮֵţ²֪ʲô飬ڵǺˡ
ҪһߵĻǵʱЩ˾ֱ군ˡ
Ϊ߶ǳصİ
ȴǿЦˣЩҲûȥᣬΪͺûʲôϵ
׼ȷ˵һֱ硣
ȻҲǺǵ˼һʼΪ˴ȣȴôһ
ǲҪģʱ鵺ǱߣǻֱǱ߽ӦǣһЩǺ״ģǻЭǡ໢ҲСƽϰɣ飬ҪǶƽϵĻǾ˵ȥˡ
ɽҲ֪ҪԼûЩ˵ģǵʱĻֻǺѹˡ
ȴ֪ԷҪһ̬ˣԴ˵ûʲôŶԷ˵ܼ򵥣ֻҪûˣ໢ҲǣҪ̫ģȻоȥ˰ɣ
ɽƣ˵ġ
⻰ɽͷʾͬˡ
鶼ʮѸٵĸ㶨
ֱǮֱתʲôģֻҪǮط㹻Ūˡ
Щ˺ȥǾԼˡ
ȴǿһĻЩãҲ֪Լôʲôأ
ֻҲû˺˵ʲôˡ
褵һֱҪ˵ʲôǳȴǿ˵ֻһ죬㲻һףɣһЩ죬ôôֻԺǨˡ
һϴͷ棬ûб£ǶѾǲˡ
Ҫ룬ڼӡ褺˵ȴǸһδĳ
һǱߵͻȻԼЩսѵıѣǶֱӸĵһּôһҪʮּģֻ¶ԼˣǾĶʮֵĲˬҪ֪ʲôûдȴǲͱһȺ˸ץߡ
ҪûгĻǱһȺ˸۵ˣʮֵ
Ҫ֪ôƯҪûǲɵ۵顣
𣿡żãµ黹ͷ£ȴûô뷨ˣ˵ҲҪˡ
ʲô
ȴǶʱоϲô죬֪ǻ϶ʲôĻˣҪȻҲ˵ġ
褵Ļȴ֪Լղ˵ЩˣҲûν
ЩҶ֪ˣͽµ飬ֻ½Ѿ顣
褵飬Ҳᴫ飬ʱʲôǾͲ֪ġ
ӦһǺƴĳͻȴһ״ᡣ


419 ̬
ܿ죬洫˼ٵĽŲ
໢¡
ţƺƽȵǳʮִ²֪໢ˡ
ȴ֪Щ·˿϶ѾԼ˸㶨ˣֻ̫ҲʲôƲ磬ԽߵĵزӦúԼ߲ɣ
ƽ
Ŀ˵ոɱ׼Щ˿ǹƴƽȴЩɵۣ滹벻ˡ
Ҳûʲôϵųϴˡ
ˣ˺ʮװɡ
ƽҲɵҲֻΪԼб£ԲŸʣµ棬ֻҪһԾǾֱӱ֡
ǱƳôܻôģȴ֪ʱЩˡ
Щ̫ˣԺ˵лֵǣòһ㡣ƽڷֿ˵
ƽŷӦǵĵѾ˸ˣЩһһˣǾȻûϢʮֵŭ
ǡƽ˵ȴѾڴ㣬ԼôһЩϢˡ
˶˵໢ͽƽ⻰һ㶼Ӧûһɣ֪Ǹɱ־ǿأҵЩ˼Ҫʶһˡ
ʱɽȴǿ˵Ҫʶһһˣǿɲʲô򵥵ˡ
ȴûпǿƽƽѸٽ㶨
黹Ҫϴϴ˵ʲôôƽȴǺܴ֪Щ鲻κϵģҪ֪ط˵ôϻҪ
黹ҴˡԺϣϴһ鵺ɽ鵺Ǹطˡ
ɽ˵һ㶼飬ȴ֪ԷǲģҪ߹ȥ
ϴ
ƽȴʮִһߣȴͬһųȥ˶ʱΣջڣԷֶп֣ܳ鲻ʲôǶҪúô
ɽǳϣһֱʱ̣Էûг֣ⲻò˵һʮֹ顣
ϴ󡣡
֮ǿų˵𺣸ں͵ǱߣǷলľԱʲôطǶʮִ鷳
ˡҲ֪ӦǸղƴϹ˶ͷ϶Ǻˮ
ࡣ
˶˵ǻͷĿһ˵ϣţԺټġ
־磬ȻҲΪ⣬ҪǻһҪǻ߳ǲı¡
Ҫôˣ鲻ԲκϵģнЩһûҪǻĻ͸ڼҺúôӰɡ
˵Ͳ֪Ů˵ʲôҪ֪ڵ鶼ʮֵ鷳ǺãһٵĸԼô飬ҪԼı
ûкӣȥ￴
⻰һ˵ֱóֳˣŮˣҪˡ

Ҳ˭ЦģǶ֪˼ʲôġ
ƽһȺھ͵ϮҲʱ£鶼пֱܻʣҪԷһĻǺ׾ֳ顣
ɽ磬Ǿ𣿡ŷߵɽǰ˵ȴǲ֪̫һƴ֣ҪȻͲô򵥵ˡ
黹ʲô취ֻû뵽˹һǾ죬һŵϴҲʮֵĺˣҲǵΪֹˣҲ֪һֻǹ̽һЩʮԣǾҪǺ໢ƴ
ƾ֮飬ɽŲɵȥͳҲûʲôޣԷ֪˾ǿˡ
ʵϣҲǺ֮־ģҪȻղɱҲкܴĿԣȴǻᵼ˫ݡ
ȻԺ˴˶пܻսȴҪ顣
ֻҪӵ˶֪սǶôĿֲ顣
֮սǶԷôĻͲԼߵĻ٣
໢ѾĴսˣҪǼƴȥʱֻǻܶˣĴµĻҵпܻתۼͱ˸ߣûа취̵ġ
ڳϣ褸ʮֱŤ֪кܴĺ֢ʱȴûа취ֻܹҧסˡ
ҪȻĻǵʱֻǻᱻ褸ѵˡ
ʵϣڵҲô嶯ˣĺ˵һ䣬ղŶΪһʱ鼱֮²˵Ļȴǲܹ˵
Ҫ˵Ļֻǻкܴ鷳ǽ褸ʲô˰
ôûʲôҪ˵𣿡Ͼֻˣƽǳ褡
⻰϶ǶԳ˵ˡ
ʱЩͷ۵˵Ĳ֪ô˵ˣԼʵϣҲ¸㣬ҺͽĳһЩ飬˵Ҳ֪ûа취⿪
⻰ʵˣȴǻ˻㷢ųʵҪûв´ĻӦˣ
ҪĻòǱƣˡ
˵ĺûеΪ鲻ô˵ûа취Ĩȥԡ
ȴЦ˵ܺãԱ˸һΣҲԱһεģҿ㣬ҪǲĻһӾ֮ǰ޹ϸѾܹˡ
˼ҿҺͲܹˣʲôҪ˵ȻʶǸ磬ԸʲôҪ֪ÿһγ˸鷳Щͷ֮⣬ûжı£ϰɣ
ǻȥˣƽȴǺ޲ԼͲ֪Լһ飬ղ˵ʲôԼʱǺã˳ˣȴĻ׸ղΪʲôı飬˼Ѿ֪飬ĺԼһƣǿɶԼӣΪʲôҪô޴
ƽĵľᣬû֪ȴǺͷۣһ˵֮ǰǸŮ˵飬ȫһᣬ˵ģû˼ô飬ҲԺֻҪͽ°Ĺӡ
ͣ
ʲô˵ȻѡҲԼѡƽȻܻһӾͣˣֻǿųʵϴ󡭡
ʵϣȴںһʲôҪ֪˼ҶѾ˵ˣ㻹ֳ飬ΪԼҪôԺ㻹Ҫôģ㲻ţôǻ찡
ʱ򣬸ĲôҪΪ˳ΪǿˣǶֱˣ˼ҶѾã㶼ҪʲôҪƵֱܵ˼Ҽſһ̣
Ҫ֪໢ˣҪǻһЩ̳ţһЩ֧ţֻ鶼ָ⡣


420 
ڳȴǲ֪ˣطĥô࣬ӽˮ
Ҳ֪ڱҪûоãֻǻǣ顣
Ըһ˼ʱҺƺܿͻнˣʱҸһ
˵ȴЦ˵ĻǵʱһҪǰɣҪĻҲҪ˵ôϻˣʲô֪ԼŰɣô򵥣ҪҪһʲôҪҡ
褺ǹִѾܹӡ
⻰ʱó֪ô˵Ҫ֪鲻ô˵һִ󣬵ȴĲ֪Լôѡ񰡣
ƽǿȥˣ˵ɩЩСܵΪˣѾŮˣָԼ𣿷ʱҪǲȥǱߣǽȥǱߣǸ㶼ŵ
ƽ⻰˵ҪѪˣҪƽǲǽˮ˰
Щʱ飬ûа취ƽ˵֪ǳôûа취ѡ
ϲȻҴɩԺЩΥ飬Ҷ㣬ģѾǸֳˣһЩ黹ǿģҪʲôĻǵʱҲҪûб¡
褺ǸˣȻߵ˶Ͽˣǵʱǳ룬Ҳûа취ˣڲѾˣ黹Զ
ãҪǸңҴӦ㣬ֻҲ֪ûа취֡Ҳһ˲еľҲǽյ̼뵽ġ
Ҳ֪Լͽ²һа취ȥ£ȻĻҲҪԼѡˡ
ȴЦ˵ֻ֪Ҫÿ¶ʮ죬飬ҹܽôһǵʱ϶ᵽߵˣǸʱ㻹ҵ𣿡
ѾƵ飬Ҫ˵Ů˱Ϊڰ㣬ҪЩŮ˲ϲĻǿ϶ܹơ
ʱûл˵ˣ鶼ǺҲҪ˵
á
Ĭһ˵¶˾ġ
Щ飬Ǿġ
ҲΪ棬Ը⹼ôһŮˣͲʲôͨˣȻΪʲôҪѹסԼأ
Ǹ뿪ŮˣΪ뿪
ȻʲôԵˣǸŮˣҪôҪôһӶǳŵѡҪһΪЩȥ
ʵϣʱû֪Ѿʼһ޴ת䣬飬ǿ˵һǰ
ֱӽ褸͵˾֣³ʱ褸һЩע£ֱ˳Ķͷ
ҪܵģȴûľٶΪѾ֪˼ҵ˼Ҫô˵飬ûĵˡ
ҿղҿ𣿡
ǸŮ褰ɣȻѾͳˣҪĻԺЩô찡
ҿ˵ĻԺ󳤺ĺпܾǳˣѾϴˣǰ;ˣô˰Ҫǣһ˵ˣǷ𣿡
ྯĶûа취飬ЩȽϳɵľ죬ֱҪ褸ϳȥˡ
ʱʲôûа취˵ΪЩ֪褽ȥʲôˣͻʲôأ
£鶼ѾٵĴȥˡ
ڻڴϿֻȴͻȻˡ
ǻ÷һ΢ϢһͼƬ
褡
µĸʹĺܡ
Ϊŵ飬¶ѾʹĲˣڵǺãȻôһ飬ôûа취ˡ
Ҳ˲ԼͳսʲôˣֱóԼѾرյһֻǸ򿪣ֱ֮Ӹȥ˵绰
ϴ˵ˣҪĻǵ鶼ô鷳ˡ
ƽų˵ûа취֮ǰΪˣΪһ
ʱЩըë˵˵˵˵ʲôҪǽ֪飬ϴһӣƶûа취׷ˡ
ϴĲ˵㰡Ҳ룬֮ǰЩŮˣ̫˰ǵŮˣʲôʱ˰ЩҪ˳뵽ǸΣǵʱ㣬¸ҪοŶԣһܺ߰
ƽų˵˼ʾУȴǿŶԷʵ˵˵ôܺ߰ҵĲˣҺǸˬ˰ɣ
ҲǣԼʱΪʲô۵ĻԹȥ
ȻһֱΪԼһѪôҲռ˵İ
һˣȻֻǵһΣʲôϵ
ƽȴЩ޳ܵ˵ϴǵһΰɣ
ǰЩ׵˵еʲô𣿡
ǺǣͲ֪ˣҪ֪ˣҪʲôһеЩŮˣǻкõģŮأûа
ƽЦݣֱóЩ޷⡣
黹أƽʵҲһֱ˵ԼҪȻĲ֪ôˡ
ǼˣϴҲʱжٵ鷳ô꣬˳ôʱ仹Աԭ֮ⲻǿϲɺ𣿡
ƽֳ飬ڳȴǿʶЩķ˵һΪʲôĻͲҪ˵ˡһ취ô˵ˣϾҵĴ
Ҳ֪ԼһطҲˡ
ʱ򣬳ĵ绰оӦǺ͸ղŵйϵֱӽҪ֪Ҫô
鶼ѾôҲûа취
ģǽģĵһ仰ֱʡ
ͣ˼ӣſ˵ҸոմӾǱ뿪
Ǻǣû뵽Ƿ꣬ոһѪڵǺãֱȥұŮˣҪĴͳ
䳰ȷ˵ҪĻԣ˭֪ȴûлԣȻֱ˵ӾǱ߻
Ҹô˵أЩҲûа취˵Ҵ֮ǰڣҶǶԵģʱȥţҪΪʲôҵģǸطһʱĴûֱɱŪǾûˣǸʱʲô״̬Ȼóɣҵ˫ȶ⣬ӽˮ飿
Ҳɿ֤Լ޹ģȴ޷µŭ
һŭˣ̲סǰ޹ģң˭Ų޹˰֪ҩˣҿóҲҪһͰɣһֱӵ绰ʲô˼ҪңѾˬˣԲҪŮǰɣ
ôܰǱµ߼ˣʱǲӵ绰ȴûа취ıˡ
ƽȴǲҿˣ֪ݱ䵽ĵزųȴмֵĵġ
ϵʱ򣬳֮͸ǣҪȥɢɢģô顣
ƽڶڻɣǲҪɢİ
ǻɳһ֪һЩ飬ԲȥǸطġ


421 ɢ
ǺǣңǸŮʲôϵղֱգֻҪϹӣǶ֪˰ɣıôҾͲûа취㡣
ֱӱʳˣûеȳڣּ˵ҲԲᣬȴҪһ仰㵽ʲôҪҪһֱӸңҲø·Ҫ㲻˼Ըһ仰ֻһ𣿡
Ҫڽ֮ǰĵ˵⻰ǳΪѵʱ֪Լûа취˵⻰
ΪողŶ˼˵ЩҪ˵Ļ˵ƽôûа취ܵˡ
Щôûа취סģ뵽ʱºǻġ
˵ҵˡ
ջ޳һأҲ֪Լǰǧʱȴûʲô취
⻰ȴһЦ˵ĺ˲ұ컹ΪΪɣȴǷϹˣ黹Ŀֻû뵽޳ܵĵزΪ֡
⻰˵֪군ˡ
మɱջǳˡ
Ҳ֪Լô죬ȴ֪ԼѾûа취ˡ
ô򵥣Ѿ޹ϵˡ
ҪҪͽһǾҪеŮˡ
һѭа취
ƽͬĿųҲ֪һıʲôˡ
Щ飬ʹ˵ҲǿԿ
ûлӦǱȴҲûйҵ绰ڲϵ£ĲϣͳȴһֱûеȵĻ֪һѾˡ
ĵˣǻʲôأ
Ҳûа취ס
ЦˣЦĺǳ죬Ҫе鶼Ц
ڸڵĻ÷ȴ֪Ѿװļƻˣ̲סЦȻҲ룬Լıжֻǽ»ᰡҪ֪ʱ򲻸ô嶯ҪҲǽû֮ٽȵˣ˵ô𣿡
Բ𡣡
Ҳ֪ôأվֻôһ仰ˡ
ǺǣҪףˣϣҲԽǸ˵ݣҪŮˣԺǷɱŮأʮֵڴû뵽褱ıûУ˵ı£һһİ
³Ľ绰ҵˡ
ֻڹҵ֮ȴڴ໴˵ôôԲ㣿ҪҪǸ飬ôҲܾǸŮ˱ģҪ˵ǰ͹̣ҺʲôҪ˵ƯҲ褲㵽ʲôأΪʲôҪҰ֪жôʹ𣿡
ֱôûа취Լİûˡ
Ҳһʮֽˣôûа취Լ˸ȡ
ǳڶûһڵ˼޷ˡ
£ǻ෴顣
¾ҪֱԼ΢һϢллһֱƭҪ㣬һֱΪİ飬ǿϧǣң鶼ֻǴ˵ѣףŮ쳤ؾá
һǳƬһǳǵƬ
Ƭȥ΢ֱӺ䶯ˡ
ҿǲ۾Ϲ˰ȻˣȻˣһһŮ˰
үģȻҵŮģǲ֪ôģҾȻʮֵĸˣҵŮǵˡ
ð£Ժҵˡ
˶ڷ񣬸ķ˿ڸˣǶףԼżħơ
鶼ôĿֻĻ֮£Щȴûа취ԼһС
ϴľ𣿡ƽųʵ֪ʱʮֵʹ࣬Ҫ֪Ͳһ˿ġ
ѾûʲôˣҲԼѡˣѾûа취ͷˡ̾Ϣһ˵ǲ飬ʵȴһֱ
檵飬Ҳֻѡ
ֻǳȴǲ֪һ£ȴһŮڸˡ
ȻҲһЩŮ
飬˲̬ͬȶǲͬģᶨƨˡ
ҲǣϴҪҪȥƽͻȻðһ仰֪˶İ
ܳţƺ壬ǺҲһͨ˰ɣ
ȴǿŶԷ˵ӵʲôҪ֪֮ԳȥҲҪڵǺãôһסʲôҪ˵໢ڲЩֱɱˣүģʮֵĲˬҪ
Ҳֱӽ˷йĵˡ
ܿ죬ֻȴ
Ǹ绰ʤƵġ
СӣŮǲǸøһʤֱӿʵ֪Щôûа취Щ˵ˡ
ҸһŮ飬Ҳˣ˰ɣЩ޳ܵ˵Ĳ֪Լô졣
ԣЩڶôңҪĶԷָһЩû
ʤطųˣʵ϶˵ӡк˭˯ǶûжʲôģԹľˡ
һŮˣûд󣬵ʤƸŮҪôֻҪĺãһж
áҲ֪ЩǸˣе绰ˡ
ڳĵ绰ƻᱻ򱬵ˣȴǲܽ绰ػ
ԼæԼסͿˣҲֻ˵ˣ˵ŮûпҪ֪ǸŮˣûжıҲǺһЩ飬Ҫǵǿ϶вġ
ڲҵ绰ʱʤƻôһ仰ȴһˣ鶼ҪôףȴҪ߶Է˵һᴦҲҪôࡣ
ߡʤƹҵ绰ˣǽ绰
СӣԼңҸôɣ绰ǽģЩ㲣Ҫ֪һЩ飬ҪŪˡ
Ҳ֪Щ鲻ǳĴֻ컯Ū˶ѡ
Ҳ֪ҪǵʱҽͣҲᷢչһʵϣҵҲҺ˵ƣ褣Ÿ飬ıҲ֪ʲôɣ
ҲûֱӽԼ˵ʵ
֪ˣԼŰɣ飬ǻŮһӶҪˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô֣ҪһߵĻƶӰ죬ԼҲʲôô
ڽ¾ͺͳ飬ҲˣЩǿ󲻵ãǶˡ
飬ҲЩΣҲõĴˡ
ĵ绰ȻǺһģȴǳôûа취뵽ġ
ҲѾ֪Ҫ㣬µҲᣬ褵ҲᣬֻǹŮԵõʲô֮ǰ˵飬ɲܹʳԣ
һżԼŮƵĴϣҪ֪֮ǰһЩ鰡


422 һԸ
ֻĻ֮£һѡѧУı£Щ²ˡ
á߲ˣʮֵķ꣬ʲôûаҪûʲôĻһĵ绰
ûˡһҲ֪ڵ绰ֻǻᱻ˸ˣҲ˵Լŵ㣬˵ӿŵ㣡
һǿʲôֱóЩʲôû
绰ǳ̻ģ绰ˣڵȴЩ鷳ֱʳô
һж֮ǰһֻǶѾûУҶѾͨˡ
⻰Ǽ򵥣һӽ鶼ˡ
̻̾Ϣһ˵㿴Űɣ

ոӦ֮ǵ绰͹ҵˣڵĶЩ꣬黹ûоͷ
һЩ˶绰ȴǿƽ˵߰ɣȥǱߣҵĶôˡ
á
ƽҲ֪ʲôĳֱӿ
صȥʱЩ˶ڿų
ţƺ尡
ãԺжɩӰ
䡣
˶֪һƽĳʲôоƽΪģʱ򲻻ᱬɣ
ûеƽ𣬳ȴЦ˵ҲԸһµģҪǿԵĻҪǺʹడô飬ô赭дûˣҲ֪δʲôİ
⻰˵ǶоװƣҲ֪оʲôҲǣֱӳȥˡ
𺣸Ƕ֪ʮֵĻˡ
ôˣ𺣸ƽʵҪǲ֪ˣʲô֪ƽȴ֪𺣸ĵŮ˵顣
δѾˡ
ƽһ仰е鶼㶨ˡ
ʲôûп
𺣸̾ϢһѾ֪ôһˣһֱԥȴһôɾ䣬ȻΪת̫ˡ
𺣸ڽҲûʲôӡ󣬲飬𺣸ȴǸϲµǵĴɩΪ¾һŮʤǸһﻹһӡ
ҪȻĻǻҲһġ
Ȼ׶С
һǶûʲôã褵ĴȴΪھһˡ
˭֪ġ
һһѾôסˣԸ𺣸Żġ
ˣ͹ȥɣʲôҪ˵ˣʱЩ˸ɵҪ֪ôҪǸҲӵĻֻϴпд鷳ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ЩĸԴǶΪ໢ڲѾ˱ˣҪȻҲᷢչĵز
ֻ飬˭ûа취˵ġ
ɱȴֻһ֣ʮֵĶӡ
Ҫǲ˭
ƽû˼Ϊ˭֣ʹǸҲ
ҶɵӣڳѾŭĺܣҪǻ˵ʲôֻԼ鷳ˡ
ѾǿˣҲ֪֮ҲΪǺ涼һЩˣǲֱӶϴ֣ȴҪϴٵ飬Ǿǽϴɵ֮ǾͿԵõٻӱõˡ
𺣸ų˵ʮֵĸӣ黹ΪŮģǶ֪ûа취ֳ
Ҳǳı̫̫ˡ
ҪȻôܻô鰡
ŮϲҲ񰡣
ڵģʲôûЩŮˣǲ֪ʲôµ˶Ҫ֪ҺǸֻǼζѣʱ˫ֺйϵ
Ҫ˵ٻӱ飬ûʲô˵ģöڳϣûа취ˣԼˣǾͲúŮйϵ
ǲô룬Щȴôûа취ı䡣
𺣸Ҳ֪˼Щε˵Ҳ˵İЩȴǸطˣϴڶѾԼһŮˣҲҪһЩˣҪ֪õʮֵĴҪŮˣǿʮ갡
𺣸ϣýϣĻǵʱ򳤺оͿԺ;Ǹˣʱֱĵ̶ʲô⡣
𺣸ĻӵľʣǶųҪԸһЩĻ鶼Ǻ˵
ǶѾ͸𺣸оˣ˵Ů˸涼ʮֵ㣬˵Ůһֱв⣬Ǿʮֵĺˡ
ֻҪʱùһǺҪ˵ʲôأ
ȴǿ˵˵ˡ
𺣸ȴǻԸԼ뷨ų˵ûʲô˵ģϴڻˣЩŮǰˣҪ֪Ҫı£ԼȥˣҲ֪ˣҪ˰ǵĻǿ϶ĸá
𺣸ҪҪ֪ĶʮֵĿգڸ𺣸ȴҪһĶ
ʵϣҲЩĵ
һ˵鶼ϴԼģڳطȴֱӱƶεĽܡ
ҪҪ˵ĻҺһϷҪԼб¸ԼҶһŮˣٸ˵飬ҪȻĻʲôҪ˵
ǽԼ͸𺣸סˣȴǸڳЦˡ
˵𺣸㲻һֱ˵ϴҪ飬ʵϣҲо԰쵽ɣҪ֪ΪҲʮװ
Ǻǣû뵽һӾͱ飬˵ϴ󲻻ͬˣôţҲҪ֪첻ġ
ϴ֧㣬ҪôôǶط㣬һǸоҪǿԺһĻ鶼ٶʮֵɡ
һӾ͵˳ϣǶвͬ뷨ջϣ
˹ˣ֪Լ˵ʲô
Ҫ֪飬ҲһֿƵĸо
ʲôûأ
ȴһҪΪʲôģΪǳ
˵ٻӱŮжôĽ˵Ůˣ۶ûпģҲҪһţǲϹ
𺣸ҲЩһԸˡ
ȻҲԸԼĴڡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˼Щô׸㶨
Ҳǳ̫ˣҪǳа취ƷõĻμֻǻʮֵĸˣΪһֱûа취ʲô
ҲһЩ˱̫ԵʣбԼ˵ʱ˭Ҳûа취ʹ˳ˡ
þ˵ˣҳһ˸ڵˡ
˵飬ǻʲôûаЩһҳ綼ҪΪǳأһطţǶʲôֶΣֱӸң׼ʽǸһҲҪˣҪȻôǮùˣ飬Ȼд㡣
Ÿ𺣸˵ϲԼ飬ֻſԸӸܵԼĴڸС


423 ˼
ȻҲķԵʣҪ֮ǰǸ𺣸ƴų飬ǳԸ顣
⵹ףѾطֻҪǸǮſԸһҲ֪ǸһʲôԸˡ
뵽һ𺣸ĶˣǵһοļһҪǮ
ҪһǮǶûа취飬𺣸ĺǻɣܵʲôôôϲǮġ
֪ԷԸ̾Ϣһ˵׼þͿˣеʱЩٶҪطûа취ȫȥȻǲֱܹӶŪǣҪ赶ɱˡ
ҲȻЩǣȴǲֱܹӱҪȻЩ˾ͻֱѹһЩˮֶ֮ܵУǾͿԽǸ㶨
ҲѾˣ׼Ҽȥ棬ÿһ϶ɽ쭳
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ǸоӦЩˣȴʲôû˵ųʵôˣǲЩ
˵ӶѹڳϣóǴ˫ֶԼӣҲ֪˵ıܣҪΣһѽո˵ûʲôֻЩϰ߶ѡ
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôջͻȻıƺģܣȴǸо


425 һ
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Ҫ˵еˣȴ赲סˣҪ֪һ˵ˣЩûа취صˡ


426 Ũ
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պ˵ôųһȥô顣
ǳôų
ʱǸоԼԩ
Ҫ֪ĺûʲôϵΪʲôأ
ֻЩ飬ֻܹˣЩûа취˵ʲôˡ
Ļ֮УȴǸĵ˵һǿţжôĺá
㵽ʱԼŰ졣
˶ˣҲԼĴ⣬ʹ˿˯߽ȥˣҪ֪ʼնЩǵ·ɿġ
Ů͵ѧУʱȴһȺڵǡ
ҿʲôǳԳ˰
ҵָŮãȴǷ˼гҪ֪֮ǰըûըˣĲ֪ôˡ
Ҳ˼ҵĵܵ˭ˣҪûۣǲҪָ˸Ȣˡ
֮ǰǱŲɫյ뷨ǶЩ鲻Ϳ԰쵽Ѿˡ
ȴ̲סЦˣҪ֪ŮѾǺͬˣҲ֪ʲô뷨أ
ܵעⰲȫ
Ůֱڳһ¡
˶󺰵ΪʲôԼûĽ㡣
鶼ѾС顣
ֱӿȥѧУʱѧУҲŸո׼ϿΡ
Ҳ֪ɺϣʲôģһڿξȻŵġ
ǸоԼţƺˡ
ſطüͷ΢˵ˡ
Ҳ֪Լóʱ䶼ûطпܻæЦ˵ⲻǰһ˵ķԸֱȥ𣿡ĻȴڳҲô࣬Ҳֻǽѣڳһֱڹעȴʲôû˵
ȻĻ֮£ȴҲ֪飬һѾ˭һˡ
˶֪飬ǶѾŵĶߡ
λûڵһͳߡ
ôʮֵĹ졣
ʲô𣿡Ѿ֪ǳ̹ŮˣʱҲô࣬Ҫǽ˼ҵŮҲǷһˡ
ûʲôֻû뵽㻹ط̲ס˵ʼնǴһʡ


427 ۺ
ô˵أҪҲĻλŮֻҲįɣΪǲŶҲҪлһɣѾ仯˺ܴõһ趼Щ֪ô졣
Ҫ֪֮ǰһģоϵİڶԷûı£ȴɻࡣ
ʲô鰡ͻȻŵһʵŮЩͬҲûע⵽ﲻͬڹ۲
˶֪ϴȻǳʮֵĲˣ˼Ҷ˵ӢۣŮҲǲٰ
ûа
һһʱ䱻ʵסˣܵĻشȴҲûжʣ͵һɽֵĹϵҲûжá
ʱҶǱһľɣ
һ跢˳̬ת䣬ĶЩˣȴ֪ǱȻˣҪ֪֮ǰ˳鶼ûʲô˵ˡ
һŵĵһϴ󣬻оǵصĵһϴʮִġ
˫Ҫ
ܳû˼ȴǻὫ˸һԱȵġ
ĻҪزĻ鶼ûа취˵ˡ
˵ΪʲôҪѧϰʵûеȶ˵һ仰ѾûʲôҪѧϰİɣطҲûʲôиݵˡ
⻰Щ˵ζˣ⻰ǳط˵
ȴЦ˵ʮֵļ򵥣ֻҪԼһȻλˣȴҪģҲɣǶ̫ˣʲô鶼Ҫˣô򵥵һ˼ҪôǾôɡ
һЩȽϱĻ˵ʮֵ⣬ҪʣҲ֪̹Ϊ˰ͽʲôˣҪŮ˰ɣ
ҲͳûʲôϵͳҲһ·ˡ
ҪлĻǳҪֵˡ
鶼Ϊġ
ǳ޷ǵġ
ˣҪǻʲôģǾңҪûʲô飬Ҿˡصĳ߳ȥҲ֪ʲô顣
ǿ첽ĸųȥҲ֪ʱȥЩôҪʲô飬鶼Ҫᡣ
ʱôеˡ
ҶѾ˵֪ˣһʲôðҲҪˣԼԼİ飬ʲôҵԼˣǻ𣿡
ߵʱȴڴ绰ֻԷʮֵļǲ֪Է˵ʲôֻǾš
棬ŷӦźС˵绰ء
⼸ҪŪһͬѧۻᣬĿĺǼ򵥣Ϊ˴һ¡
ȻоǴҽԼʲôҫĶڳ
ȴǲԸȥģȴΪһ˵Ȱ˵˵ŵҲǸطŻȥġ
ֻһ˲嶯Ӧ֮Ų뵽ԼûʲôõóֵģҪ˵˵ĻǻǵҪ˵ɾ͵ĻֻһȶҵĽʦʲô˵İ
ΨһõóֵľһĤôƯȥ԰ʲôɣ
ȴʮֵıĸоˡ
Ҳʲô̲סЦ˵ΪʦҲһĴڣû뵽ҲһͨŶûа취һҪͺ˭棬ңҸһ⡣
ҲϹģҪҪĵطϯЩϻʲôģ˭֪ȴϸ˳һۣȻ뵽һȻôĸоôҲóȥҪȻͽóҲô鷳ʱ˵Լһʦɣ
ȴǲ֪Ѿ潫Ϊһʵѡˡ
ʲôһ㷴ӦûУ֪ԷѾˣ˵
⻰ȴǿų˵Сӣ˵СѾδ޵˰ɣ
ʲô˼
оһֲԤУȴǻҪԷ˵
ʵϣʱҪֱߵĻǵûʲô顣
ֻʱ˶кĵģҪȻҲ顣
ʮֵļ򵥣Ҫһ˵ҵˣûдˣЩ˵һקĶ򣬵ʱֱ˵ΪңźͽȰɡ
źǿ϶˵˲ɵˣоԼʱˣϸĿŶԷʵ֪ղ˵ʲôҪ֪ʮֵأҺͽµ飬ǿǻ˵İĲ֪Ůʲô
ȴǿų˵ҾˣҲ˵ˡҸ㣬ʱﲻݣҪûʲôóǾǱ˸Цˣ˸СҲù˸ֱӲȵŵ£㲻֪Щ˵òƺˣҪĻǶῴʲô
ŵֱóˡ
ŮˣԼʶǸŮ
ʲôʱ򰡣ҲŮ˲ưոݵˣֱˡ
Ҫʱûʱ䣬Ǿֱֱӿ¡
Ҳ֪Ƽ⼸飬Ҫô࣬ʱһ㡣
ſųЦͻȻ뵽һ飬ų˵ˣһֱѧУҲ֪ô˵ǱˣҪ֪Ǹ˵һֱ׷飬̲滶˵鲻ʶ̧ʲôģһֱ˺ƣֻЩˣһ¡
ſɲʲôԸ࿴۵飬ֱ˺Ƶˡ
ҲʲôĻǣҪ޸˾һѣҪô˵뷨
ЩŮˣŸţƺ˵ֲҪǸʲôҪǣҲҰæҸǲҪʲôˡ
žôֱӵһŮˣҪȻҲһӾ뵽˸ղŵ⡣
ʵϣΪҲǺܺʵģûдȥǸҲ֪ѾˣǽʬǸطȥǺ𣿡
ĺԼ޳ܣ˼ô˵ģ˳⻰ԣҪ֪ڿ佱ܸɰ
˵˭˰ȴŭųʱ֪ԼˣæЦȻˣֻǿЦʮֵĺã˵ǰͺüֱȥ󱦽ˣ飬ʮֵĽ
ȻŵЩǸֱĨھˣҲҪô顣
⻰ȴŷĸӵˣĿų˵Ҹ㣬Ҫ˵ĻҪȻҶ㲻
ҿˣô˵
Ŷ˵ˣʲô˵Ǳʲôǿҽ㡭֪ôģ뵽нˣҲ֪ǲأ
Ҳ֪ȥɡҲǺһģ֪
˵Ǹطʱǿ˹عɻǸطһ䡣
ҿĺģǲҪ𣿡
˭֪һֱط֪ʱǸͲطļҪ飬Ҳô鷳顣
ţƺˣСǷˣϴҶѾ˵ˣ֪ô죬ôɡ
ŵĻ֪֮飬ôû뵽һﾹȻôģôĶûãǿŤĹϲԷ֪
ΪôͿԵõĽ


428 ټ
СӣڸʲôŹع˵׺ݣֻҪԷһãֱӳָɵˡ
عɶʱЩɣų˵طúûйϵҶĵġ
ǺǣûйϵҲ˵˵ѣȴǸоϵʮֵĴνģԼҪ֪ҪǿԽƭԼ㵽ʱٺ˵ʲô飬ˣɣǵ黹ûб仵ҪȻҷַȥҲһ˵ҪǸطҷϵ㡣
ǿ϶˵ʲôͨˣ˵飬Ȼǻ顣
ʲôˣ֪жôϲҪʲô˼׷Ȩ
ûдǵĹعضѾΪǸŮĵزˣǸŮȴǻôԸعһ𸴣ģҪԼĵλߣסعǰɣ
̲滣ǹعضôˣȻһ֪ڸĵģ
˶ʱſЩһ϶ӣʲôҲҪʵˣ򵥵˵һȺԲзۡ
ҪЩһˡ
Ϊ˼Һã˼ҾҪ
ҪĻŪһѵĶЩŮŮǲҪҪ
鶼ν߼ģѾЩһŪĶˣЩ˻ʮˡ
֪ΪʲôҪˣûа취ıʱȴûа취飬ҪǻĻֻһӶûлʲôˡ
뵽ŶԷ˵Ҳʲôȴһ仰ҪǣҪ飬Ǿ͸ҹڸһѵĶʱֱӸңҪǾܾĻҾֱǣҪңҽ໢ϴ󡣡
ʱ˵ʲôȴǱȭͷ˵ˡ
ˣЩ˲Ҫ˵ô
Ǻ˵ˣҪ֪Щ˻ôˡ
ĻǶʱЩη塣
Ҫ֪Ѿ仯ܶ࣬˶˵һħ
кܶ˶˵һһûԵˣרһЩ°ӵ飬ҪǱУֻǻʲôûС
Ⱥ֮еһСӶǽĻԼ±޸̣ˣһĻĶǱģԼʲôʱ˰
ֻȴǿŹع˵Сӣ㵹Ǻ˼һֱЩԲг棬Ҳ֪ԼʱʲôҪ˵𣿡
ǺǿǰˣҪǰıôҲûʲô˵ġ
ǽֶΣ֮ǰǿý壬ǿ飬Ĳо
عɱҪ˵ʲôȴǳĬһ仰㲻ҶİͬһŮˣǲҵ氮ҪԸܣԸһط顣
⻰飬ȴûţҪ֪عˣȻûжٸţôҲˡ
ҲûţԲš
ĽǸ̲滰
ÿһζֻǻװģǹعһδεݽȥ
ҪлᣬҪŪǸŮ˰
һǳȴ̾ϢһĲ֪ЩԲеǳʲôģǷŭ˵Ǳ˼Ҽ޸ǰɣ
ǣûдǰķˣҵôҲɣ
عɿų˵ʮֵķ񣬺ĶһƬĵģǳȴǲ֪İϷ
ЦҪôĻҾҪһ⣬һʼΪʲô׷İҪɸң㵽ʱ˵Ҫûа취˵ҷַŪ㡣
ɲЩԲе飬ֻǿŹعɡ
ֻҪԷһ̬ܵȣ֪ô졣
һʼΪ÷ָʾģôһʱĽӴҷİһΨһһζ飬Ҳ֪Ƿְ֪һ˵ĸоʮֵãѾΪˣһʮֺõŮˣҪҴһӶڻں֮С
ЩɵˣΪعڿЦȴǸôһ飬⵽ʲô
Ļ֮£Ǹôأ
Ҫ˵ڻˣǵǿֱӸɵ£Щ޴ˡ
ҲǹϵˣһӾͷӦˣһΪֻǲ֪С˻÷ٺǮ
Ȼ˲ϧһа
Ҫ֪ڹعɻȥǶпܻΪһ˵ЦҪ˵ˡ
ȻǿһˣҲǲԵġ
Գǿ˵߰ɣҲϣط㣬֪ģı£ҪĻҷַŪ㣬סˣطǳУЩԲеˣҪ㲻֪طʲôֱѧϰһ£㿴ع󣬻ҵı´ҳһֱ뵱ˣȴǲһᵱˣҲôˡ
⻰ŸоЩʹģΪ֪һֱôһˣǿϧÿһγûа취顣
ʱҲ̸һ£ô֮дδй飬ֻһжΪ
ŷԼʮϲĳ飬һʼΪֻһǮƵĶ棬ǵ֪һĳŷԼ̫ǳˣûа취⣬ԼΪʲôôǳ
һǮˣһŵϴ󣬵ȴôܹЩΥ飬
ǣǳ໢
Ҫ˵ţǱһЩ֯鲻һ޴ʲôģʵʵġ
ҲŲŻԳһ㿹ܶûУʹ֪ʮֻĵУɻôĿų֪˻ѡʲô·
Ȼ鶼ѾԶˣعǿųĬһ˵֪ˣһҵжҵĵġ
ȥġ
޳ܵļһˡ
عˣЩԲзҲˣȻһˡ
ڲ֪ʲô˵ʱǶȺ֮Щ֪ʲô˵ĵؾȴЩγ˻սЩԲз۶˸ֱҵˡ
ûа취౾ؾʮбµˣǶʮʹЩԲзۣҪ֪عȥɧ˭һ£ǳȴôܹ¡
Ҫ˵֮ǰ໢ֻһطʱ˶֪ʲôǵ໢Ѿǵеʱ򣬵ص˲֪ʲôá
ǳŸͲ±˸͵û˸ڵʲôģҪΪʲô
໢ķôǮάһطҪôױ˸УǸǺεȵı˰
һжֻΪҪгĴڣ໢ô
ȻЩҲи𺣸Ʋڸ𺣸ҪˣΰˣǲøĶ
ҲҪóպҪߵ˸һҲҪһЩǡ
ˣû˸º֣һ˺֣û㹻ˣûа취ġ


429 
عˣķȴûд򿪡
𣿡ʵҲ֪ô˵ˣЩɵ˵Ӧڰɣ
ҲôȷϾôĶһֱûг
ʵϣҲ飬ô죬ȥʲôطֻҪֵĵطǹعɶ֡
ۿۣ㣬ҡô֪ǷǺغ
ܲڰɣ
ܳʱ䣬鶼ûг֣ŸоӦû˵ˡ
ӦûڡокܺǻУòʲôɣЩĵ뵽
Ҫ֪һ£ʱôó˰ɣ
ûԿװ顣
˵ЩżҪʲô⣬ЩⲻȥֻȴѾ÷סˣ֪̬Ů˵ʲôأ
ΪʲôҪǵ鷳
ҲֻżȻһѣҪ֪ʮֵأƴôţ󺰵㣬ûа취Ҫ㲻ţҾֱײŽȥˡ
Ҳ֪鲻뿴ʲôֻܹѡļֶˡ
ֻǣڳո˵껰ûеһӣȴǴ˵ߣطҪ㡣
Ǳ̨Ǿǲ뿴ˡ
֪Լʲô飬ȴǺǵĵ˵㣬ʲô˵˵𣿡
֪ҪʲôҲǳߣҪߵ飬Ҳᱻɧŵĵزʮֵĵġ
⻰˵֮ȴʲôûˡ
̲ס̾Ϣһǲ֪ô˵
߰ɣҪһ˾һŵǿԸоĵ飬Ҳûа취
Щ飬ǲһ˿Դġ
߰ɡ
ȴǱȽϹִôҪһ档
ųһջˡ
Ϊ֪ҲĴڣû˼Űɣ
Щʱ飬˺Ů˵ǿԵģŮ˺Ů˵ȴȫԵġ
Ҳûа취ͬԭҲûõġ
վǸطվСʱ
Сʱ֮ķŴˡ
㲵ˣҪǳϵôţôƯŮȻѾˡ
㡭
ˣȴǼææҪţǳȴһѽŸƿһӾͳȥˣ麰ô
ôһû˵㲻˵ҪҴǸ˵𣿵ôİҼǰһȥҸĸҰһֱɧţ֪Ŷ㲻ֻ֪ڹЩŮǰɣ
Ҫ˵ûԹޣԼţҪ֪ҪΪĴڣôᱻعɸ֣ĻɻǸƽأ
鶼ѾıˣЩС鶼ѾôҺӴˣԼ֪Լʲôʱ򱻹عɸֶץߡ
˵ÿһ춼ڿ־֮С
ȴһѽţʲôû˵ֻǽı顣
һ󺰵ſҡ
߹һۣͷһ˵ûпܱܵŽ㰡š
ǵһ裬ĵĻֱð
Ȼһû㶨飬Էȴһ㶼ûг֣ʮֵܡ
һɵˣôû뵽Լֻǹһߣȴǳ顣
ֻҲ֪Ƿŭ
ϾͳĹϵǱȽϺõģȴǱһģ
һС˵Ǹ
ֱӽŸˣûпֻʮֵĲ
ȴǽ˴ϡ
Ҫʲô黹ΪҪԴˣǳȴһѽѹڴϣԴ󷢣ǽϣĿ˵˯ڸϢãҪô˵ȸ˯˯ȡ
һ۾ͿԿǲ֪ûϢˣ˵⻰鱾ƴģȴĲˣҲˡ
ô죬һֱ£ȴû˭û˭Ը㶨عå
ûдΪعˣåҪǵĻһΪʲô׷
ҪһԲзʲôģʮֵ⣬ˣԼ鱻˸ֵҲΪѹԽԽ󣬵ΪعɵĹϵ߶ǵ׵Щʱڲ棬ðһŮ飬ҪЩ˸ɱ
˶ȵĵزǾͿԿЩжôĹˡ
Ǻ۵Ŀ飬ôû뵽Լ飬ȴǵغʱҲΪԼطԻ÷Ǹ̬Ͳô飬ڹعɻһֱطȴǸоѾԼˡ
÷ҪǰɣҺ档
Ѿ˼ˣ֪÷һֱڲκ飬ȴûˣʱȴǲͬȻԷ飬Ҫ˫ˡ
뵽飬Ż˯ŵŮ۵һĶͷ׼ȥˡ
߰Ĳ޸㣬һϲŮ˰ɣֻһͨ˶ѡ
˵Ȼμʲô
ʹģѾˣҪǲعǸһѵĻΪû
Ҫ飬ʱ򣬳оȽ㶨顣
Ҫôƣǻһ£æ˵㲻Ҫ£ڡ
Ҳ֪ΪĴڣǶȥˣ鵹˯ıȽϰ꣬һжȽϺõķȥˡ
һ˯ʮ㣬ˣԼжʱûϢˡ
ֻѹʱȴǷԼ˯һ˵Ļ棬ͼгˣͻȻ뵽ԼڳĻ˯ˡ
ҳһҲ˯ˣֻǶԷǲصֻһط
ҪԷŪˣҲ֪μʲô˫һЩʱģһûˡ
ʲôûպߵļ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪һֻ֮Ҫεˡ
һ˯Сʱ
ѹʱѾ°ˡ
ŽߵЩۣɻôƯ֮ǰǶôƯ
ѹˡС˵ǺߣЩҶ֪ʲôѹʱ͸оԼֲôʣ˲룬ˡ
˾һһ
ŶԷ˵ûɣ
û顣
С˵ʹʲôҲ˵ûˡ
ǹȥˣҲҪô࣬ǳȥԷ
ֱӳȥˣС˵Ҹ°ɡ
šо鱧ʮֵĽԼĽˣ
ǣҪϲٸ㱧źò
ôߵˣǵͷ⻰˵ġ
ȴЩˣҪ֪Ϊʲôء
õġҲͨˣֱӵ˵ֿ˵ȥԶһ£ǱסɣҪᣬǺ˯Һͽ㣬ֱԱߵķҲԣǸ˵һᴦõġ
ҪɵعɵˣڻǺʵʱ
áҲ֪ˣҲ¹һӡ
˾һǣֵĳֵʱȴѾˡ


430 
Ȼǳû뵽㾹Ȼʦʮֵ˲𰡣
֪ʲôҪ֪ŮѾһ˰ɣ˵ôǵĹعأԭиڣֻȴ̫ˣ֪ûʲôָģǵĹعغð
С㣬һ£ͳʲôϵ֪ѾͽСֵ𣿻˾ĵ߰
ʱ߿ʵǿûʲô֮˵ģʱ̣Ƕʲô鶼ųǡ
ʮֵη壬Ҫ֪һʱµľǺҲ֪ǲҪңʲô֪
Ҫ£ҡ
ҲܻʲôһѽŻ棬Լ廤ס飬·ҪԼΪһƬ죬ڵסһж
ԶعڿһĻ˸Ŵ̹ǵĺ⣬ЩҪúϷġ
ǸʲôҶѾ߹ǶٴΣܹɧˣҪĻǵʱֱӿǡ
عɿǴֻȴ˵٣ʹһģ
ȴǸоһװģҪǶԷ˼͸ѵԷһˡ
Ƕ߿ɣҪʲô飬ǾֱҾˣҺͽµ飬Ҽ򵥵˵һ仰ҳһӣҪ¸嵽ȥôأҽǶԸ⣬ûа취ֻܹһŮ˺ҹˣ飬ʮֵļ򵥣µľ˻÷ץڴǻʲô˵أ
Ҳʲô࣬˺£ôԸŹ÷ŮˣҪ浽ˡ
ڻб飬ȴôˡ
⻰Ƕɵˡ
鲻֪ûж˵˵ĻǸʱȵĶ˭ȻǸŮģƯǺ㻳˰ɣ
֪ʦǲð֪ںǲܹʦɣ
ûʲôҪ˵˵İ
һȺ޶Χųȴǻƶֻ˵һ仰ҿԸǵģǶˣҲϣǱԼĵߣҪҪνҵĲ˵νĵǾܷҿԸǣҳҲǳصġ
Ǻ׶˵֮ѪϢ뵽ֹһǴһŵϴ
Ҳֱó绰ȥһ绰˵Ҫ췢˽Һ˵ģ˸ҼסˣҪһ㱩ֱֻͣҪеЩʧҳݡ
ҲЩСһΪ˱飬ֻܹˡ
Ҫ֪ʮ飬ȴɪɪˣҪʣҲ֪Ǳ˸Żġ
Ҫ֪飬ʮֵĿɺޣ˼ʲô鶼ûȴôİ
Щ֮ˡ
˶Ҫ˵ʲôģĻ֮һǱס˲һ
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¡
ǵС˵飬ҪгڵĻ֪Լôˡ
ȴǿ˵㲻Ҫ£Ժҡ
Ժ㣿ͻȻӿ죬ȴǺ˭ģҪҵ
˵ʲôأ㣬Ժһܺõˣֻӣôһ㰡⻰ȴʮϣ˲ʲôˡ
Ҳ֪ԼԺӵķݡ
ңʲôܺõأԸҰȫоԱ𣿡ֺȻĺͳţЩȻҿȴƴգЩĵļ߶ѾƬǱȥˡ
˿̣÷ڴµ΢ôû뵽һô
ȻĲ֪ôд
ȴǱȽϸˣڿе飬ڶʱ֮ڣµûʲô⡣
ǸղƵֱģǿĽζ
¸ոϴ÷ЦıȽϲã̲סʵʲô𣿡
ǺǣǺ鰡ǸɫǰѾŮˣɣŮ˵ģǲôô㲣Щ۰
÷Ȼ֪֮ǰʲôģɲ˵
ЩǾҪıȽϳһ㣬ȴ̾Ϣһ˵˲Ҫˣ˾ͻоģ֮ǰһΪǶôĵˣڲŷֻ֣˵ûпʼѣڿʼˣһһŮ˶١
⻰Ϊ֮ǰͳǸʱ飬ҪǳʱֱֹסˣҲ˵Ľֶں˵
ǿϧǣһжûô
ǳȴѾ˱ģ
ĸıˣҲڸı䡣
鲻ҪôˣҲ룬ڶʲôݳҲ࿪ʼˣҪǵ׼ãҪΪǸ˵ô顣
÷Ž˵ǶԽʮǿģ֪»ĺܺõġ
ֻʱȴͻȻ뵽˳һǸʱ򻹻
Ǻڴ֣ĻŵϷŻӵȤ
Ҳûע⵽ЩƵղŲᵽһ÷֡
ֶһǴӳ˵ġ
ֵУ԰档
˰ɣǳȥԷɣ
˵оԼڱӻõĸһ˵

ȴҡҡͷ˵ֿųһ仰ȥҳԵİɣ
ҳԵģ⿴ƺìܣǳȴǿԸоĳǶԷûʲôθˣֻܹ˵һµˣǲ
á
Ȼ鶼ûʲôθڣǾȥԵʳɣ
ѧУԲףľǲˡ
鲻һطˡ
˶ϲЩõķˣǶǳСˡ
ѣѧ˵ȴǲʲô
ûа취ѧΪеȺ壬ֻǻѼǮ
˶᲻óԵĶѧ棬ȴʮּ򵥵ġ
һ࣬ͽ͵Լ棬˸ؼҵʱ򣬳սûɳˣҲ֪˸ʲô
ǿ֮ǸоЩڣϾǺͳһôҲҪһЩ˵簡
ǳĻǶûʲôˡ
ȻҲ˵ʲôǣֻܹ˵һ仰շϦ
ֽŮ֮ʲôû˵Ůֱӽˣ֮ǰߵǰų˵ŮĽˣ
ǵġЩ׵˵
һ𣿡
һ仰ȴʮֵĹؼʲô鶼Ǽ򵥵˵˵ѣȴæ˵ôܻһϵģϵİ
ڳǰǺܲҪˣǳȴǺܸ˵˵ֵطɲŮѵ㰡
ôˣҪ֪طǵİˣʱҪǲ˵һµĻǳвͬŮ˻ĻǸô찡
Ҫõġ


431 
Ҳ֪һ㣬Ц˵׵ˣһᵽʱһһĵط
ʲô˼Ҫ𣿡ȴǱŵˣҪ֪˼Ͳó߰
ǳһȴ룬ЩƵĸо
Ҫǽ֪СΪԼһ仰ˣǵʱ㻹ʰԼ
뵽ǽŵĿų
ʲôأҪԺҪ˵ĻҾֱӴǸطȥ˵ŷǿų˵һҲǵģ˵ŵˡ
Ůڣôܻ鰡ֲǲ֪ҵıʲôġ
ЦȴԽԽҪˡϲ

Ҳ˵˳һ˵鷳ˣȴС鴦ãǸ˵ΪѾû𣿡
áҲ֪ȥʲôڳ飬һֱǱʾͬġ
ֱӿˡ
·ϣѾȥ˵绰ҪعɵһϢûдҪһҪùع֪Щǲġ
ȻڳҪһǵϢЩ⣬Ǻܿ콫㶨ˡ
ڹعKTV
طǳһߵѳ֮һһнһˣǽҽȥġ
һƶǼĶж˿Ժȵ
ĵطعɵǳȥҪôһЩϰȥҪôԼһȥ
һȥˡ
ոմѧУǱ߻оʮֵۣԾ˼ӰĦһ¡
ȻĦΪ򵥵飬бҪҪæ
ǾΪԼСܵܰĦˣʮֵĻƣǶ˵ȴ֮бزٵ顣
Ҫ֪Ļ֮£Ҫǲ飬ǲļطˣжٸ˲Ǻһڵأ
ĳոͣæ߹ѯʵǳϴɣ
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ĻǸæ˵ȻˣҪʲôǶû˸ʲôֻǲ֪ҪʲôطһӾͰ㶨
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ȴǲô˵ûа취ܾĴүҲѾˣʲô飬ֻҪ˵ˣǶҪ쵽ǳҪһƯˣǶҪ
ʵϣ֮ô챻˸ϳǶΪطר˳Ƭ
ҪһǾҪֱ֪ĿʲôΪʲôġ
ΪʲôǺǼ򵥰
˶ѾһĴˣҪǻĴĻǵʱһʲô飬˭İ
طȴôûа취ӭӳıǶ֪໢ﶼѾǳеΪǿڣʹҪʲô飬ǶûϷ롣
ҪǲŵĻҲᰡ
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Ҳ뵽˸ԼټҲǱȽ鷳ġ
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ȴѾ뵽˸ôعˣڳ飬ȻҪĨȥˣЩ˵һĵλǿֱɱˣûκε飬ţƺˡ
ڳȻôţƺˣȴҲ˶ٵˡ
ղúãҼ
عڴϣƾǸŮΪĦ
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Ĭһ˵á
ϣϾͱһţǾǹعKTVŮһЩ飬֮Уعɻ˵һЩ˵ĻǸŮֻҪ¼Լ͵ģ˭֪Ǹط߶ˡ
ǸŮҲϾˣȻΪƹȽϻ谵ֻһѡ
˭֪ڶ໢һزԱ


432 
ڳ׼ԼСܴչȭŵʱһ绰ͻȻһмƻ
Щɵۣ绰Ǿģ˼ó׸׹ΪǳһЩ飬߹ȥʮǲԱûһˡ
ϦȥģǼʹϦûа취㶨ΪϦڹľȽ٣黹ǣ׹ŵ飬ֻܹǳȥ
뿪ʲôŸ𺣸ʵҲǱҪģҪԼ֮ϳ˸ˣҲ֪ô˵ȥǱȴڱеˡ
ϴûа취ƵҪ֪ǵĹؼʱ̣Ҫˣûа취ôǿҲ֪ЩֻǿϲųֵģҪûĻǸͲҡ𺣸ҲͳӰų˵
ϴҪأҪ֪ǺòײŻ͹һ뿪Ǵõľ涼ʧء
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֪
Ҳ֪һ飬Ϊѣڻ鶼ûи㶨֪ʲôô
ϴİɣԼоҪˣȻҪ̯ӣҪ֪һֱϴ󣬵ʲôʱǿΪǰ
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£ҲΪѣҪһ飬˭Ҫɾ˭ȥȴûа취飬ΪҪ飬ֻ»þǱ߱
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Һú롣
̾Ϣһݺݵһȭϣĸожٸ˿⣿
һߣòײŽ򿪣ڵǺãֳô飬ҪһߣһжֻǱɹȥʽЩֵܶпܻᱻ˸㡣
û˻Ϊ˭ʲôɹǶֻῴһ飬Ǿǿų˱ɵ
ϴ󡣡
𺣸ǲȳȴǲܹΪǶǵֵܸų˵ֻһǾҪ㹻ǿʵϴҲ֪ѾеļһﶼɨǻһЩвҪ뿪ǻа취
𺣸ĻóЩɣųʵʲô˼ֱȥɨǣ
е飬ҿСǳ֮ģĹ鵺Ǳߵ飬Ƕܹԣûа취飬ֻܹϴˡ
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˵ʲôȴǱƽֹˣ𺣸ҲΪǺãҪ֪һЩ˶ûĻǵʱЩˣ飬Ǹ˭Ҳʲô鰡
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á
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̣㿴ŵ㣬ʱڲ飬ҲҪʮĵģ¸·Щ飬㿴ˡ
Ҳˣ֪ڲҲ׳⣬ͻȻ뵽Ҫһȥ׹ʱҳʲôûлĻǶŸ𺣸Ҫǳûа취ѡطˣ֮ǰһʽǣҲֵΨһΪˡ
Ҳûг飬˭ףʱ򣬺׾ǻزģΪЩʱЩԽǼѵԽΣա
Щعô඼ȥˣҲΪԼжôĸʿԻ
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ǶĻˣȴѡ˸ĽŲΪҲԼִš
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ǿŸ𺣸˵ġ
飬ǵĶʮֵʹ࣬Ҫ֪ÿһγʲô飬ǶǳƴһʲôôȴһôԽܰ
ϴˡƽһİûڣû뵽Լʵǿ󣬾Ȼôʹ飬ĸоһӶûиܹġ
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ҲѾ֪ĸоҪȴôûа취
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á
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պͳڼ濴飬һֱӵˡ
ôˣһ۾Ϳ˳ϵĶԤеʲô
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ǲʲô飬ǿ԰ʲôտųʵ϶һЩ£ҪȻҲôľٶֻ˶֪ʲô
ȴ۴ųѾԤе֪飬ûа취ǿųϣԷԸһЩ顣


433 𵹼ʱ
ϴγҪȥʱҲҲѵͲܹȵ
Ҫ֪ĲҪôѰɣ
Ҳôˣֻϣһƽƽͺãúòײ¶һֱųȴôһ飬Ǻð
ҡɫЩ˵ϣԼʲô֪ʮܣԼûа취顣
ҿʮ֮Ҫˡʮֵĵͳ֪ԼôǿڣҪ֪˴˲ŸոտʼھҪˣ
ĻպͳһΣȻѾ׼ǵһ̣˶ûа취ܡ
ƭ𣿡
ٵİɣ
˶Ը飬ᶼֹסĻ䣬Ĳ飬ΪʲôȴҪӴôп飬Ϊʲô
ȴҡҡͷ˵ҸһٳԵģҿܺܿҪˣҲ֪ʲôʱߣһὫط鶼㶨֮ߡ
Ҫȥ飬ôܹõ˻ţҪȻĻǿ϶鷳鲻ǳҪġ
㡭
ʲô飿ǣҪûа취Եģһߡ
˶ǲ飬ֻǶǲܵģȻûȥѾ϶пܻزˣжôΣգֻҪ۶֪ˡ
ô˵أҲҪǿϧûа취£Ϊûа취ԲҾ壬ѵúҿһοڣҪ齫ȵûа취ĻҲ˵ġ
Ѿû˼Щ飬ߵʱҲҪһ׹֮·Ӧǲ·
ʵϣΪ飬̼ҶѾַǲô֣ɲ̼ҵЩˣڳĴڣǲ̼ҵˡ
һٷŮ˳Եĺܣڳ֮ʱ˶ͳǱǶ֪ǷлԻڳ֮ǰͬ˵Ҫһȥ֮󣬻ԻǽԼ㡣
˶ʮֵļᶨնҪʱԼҪǳûлҲһĺӣȴôӦΪĻȫںˣôܴӦ
ֱ֮ȥ˹˾Ҫͳ̻һ棬һ£Ҳô顣
໢ﵽ׳ʲôոչȥǱ˶ǱߣҲʡĵˣҲɺˡ
ҹ֮󣬳ŵЩС
˵Ѿ׼ˣ֮ǰὫһжԸɨʹӰ໵Ѿ˲á
Ҳ֪ԼǷԽ뿪Ϊڵȸ𺣸кҪǶԷ˵ѾüĿߵˡ
ǲѾʲôһ˶оЩԾǺķģ
ȴʵʵ˵ҿҪˣҲ֪ǷԻҲ֪ǽߣʲôʱߡ
һӾɵˣҪ֪Ÿոմãʲôǲӽˮ˰
ʱ뿪ҪǶط
ʲô飿ǲǲˣȥҽԺ̻ȴǽŵغôûа취ԼҪʧȥһӵ顣
Ҫ֪֮ǰıʹûɢȥôһ飬ôԽܣ鶼ʮֵķ
飬ǸмЩʱЩȴôûа취ģΪҲ֪ԼǶôĸӡ
飬ֻҪ˵һãֻЩʱҲûа취ЩұҪҵˣҪҲȥĻһӶûа취ġ
̾Ϣһһôִˣ漴˵ҪȥһطҲ֪ô˵ˣллλһֱչˣ֣ѾźһЩʱҪʲôǺ͸𺣸Ǳ̸̸ǡ
Լ޳ˣоԼûа취˵ڳ˶ȴǲ֪ô˵û˵ʲôֻǶų
СӣҪҪʲôԼðɣҲˣЩˡ̻ȴ̾Ϣһ˵һ˲˼ʮ꣬ողһӣתۼȴҪ׷ͺڷˣôԽܰ
ȴҡҡͷ˵֣ԼذɣҲһûа취ҿԻģֻЩ԰ˡ
ԼҪ˵鶼˵ֱ֮ˣΪټ֪ԼҪ˵Ķ࣬Ǻ͸ˡ
ʲôʤ޷⣬ʱȻҪ뿪Ҫ֪ڵľǺתҲ֪ô˵
ȴǵͷĬ֪ǷýϢ˵ȥһ˵ȥĻǻܴĺ䶯ô˵ĴڣҲֳĲͬ顣
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ǲ֪Ϊʲô뿪ȴ֪пܻز
Щ˸ڵȴĵǳȴԥ֪Լȥ֮ԼǷأ
Ҳô飬Ϊڵȴ𺣸ĵ绰
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ˮʱ䣬ʵѹסģʵǲС
ӣ˵ʮһ㣬ԼһϲҲǿԵġ
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Ҫ֪Լǲڵġ
˭֪Ǹȴ·ûнӵźһ㣬ֿʼʵʱʼ·
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Ǹ˵ֽҪҪλʱҲͲסˣǾȭͷݺݵĸһȭͷ


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ɶļһ˼Һõģ㾹ȻʶôĻݹҲˣˣҰˣϣǵúõźźң
ֻվȻźһЩ֣мɫ·ӳ˳ƺҪץס
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ϴȻ䲼ЩΥ׼ץȥȴû뵽ȷʵӺݺݵƵʱǼ˸ѹ档
ֻǳȱƣô뵽飬鷳ĳʱԱһƿӣڵ飬ǷĲӣֱǸеߣֽĸ첲§סʱȴǽǸƿĲָ˹
ֻȱƣҲҪңȻĻʱԼһѪɱûǰ㣬㣬ҪΪ˼С֣Ϳҫ˭˭ѽ
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⸱ģҲһʶݺݵؽ˦һߣǸˤһģ㵹ڵϣͷˡ
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ϰҲǺģǳǹ˾ƱȻǸʿһ
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ϸˣ˫عǲмЩһҲô㱾£
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ڳ˵ĶЩҲְˡ
ֻǸϴЩֵ壬ߵ˳ǰ˵СӣȻܹŽҵֵܶ򵹣յҪû¸ҽӣ
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ߵǸ׻ʱ褶ʱ˹һŵı׻óȻȥ˳ץһѷŵץһѷŵ˳


436 Ů˰
ı׻óԡ
֪Ϊʲôһ褽ǵʲôãǲ֪Լֿ֮ӻΣ
뵽褵ʱҲôƸеˣֻЩʱһЩ̲סᣬڱˡ
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⻰褣ȴʱֹͣʣû뵽˾Ȼ˵ϸԼ߹Լϲľɿˡ
ϲԼദʱ䲻࣬ȴʮۣ
붼ûһڣű׻ȻŵӰԺȥֻĳʱȴǷ˺Ρ
ʱڵӰԺſڣȷʵһõ廨СŮҲֻ߰꣬ϴľõģЩ
´߹ȥû˶һֻۣŻ䣬Ȼ󰤸ʵǱ˶ΪǸƭӡ
褸߹ȥʱȴСŮ˵һ仨ɣɲŮòǽͯŮôһԶѽ
СŮͻͬģô˵ԼȻǱжˣϽó֣ʾ仨͸Լ
ϲҲûƴǣСŮеĻȫȻְװһ޴Ļ䣬͵褵ǰ
Щȫ͸㣬ϣܹ֣
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ڿӰĹ֮УӰݸݵķֱ褶ʱȥˣΪ뵽Լ
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ô˭٣ҵռ˴󲿷ֵĵλ޷ĥģͲҪˣֻĸۣܵ
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ˣҲǸ˵ĸϽ˵ͷȻյԼС
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ӰԺǺڰģ£ȴǿˣǰǸָ׳ƤӴֻǸ
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˵׼һĹû뵽ȴǱݺݵĸץס
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˵СӣΪ㣬ҸҵŮӰˣҷǵúúõĽѵѵ㣡
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һʱ֮䣬ȫΧǺƤӿǾ̫ˣοŮѻԱߣʱЩɶһӵڵϡ
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Ҫ֪ʲôˣȻװȻĻͱԼˡ
ǱԼıͳһܳ룬ߵǸƤߣȻװźµӣǸݺݵƤ˵ϡ
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죬еԸȫ褣ͷ
Ȼ㶼˵ˣһ춼㣬ôȫļƻͺˣʲôҶһȥ
˵˱˵Цģֱһһ㣬һ߹һ߳˵Ǹȥˡ
ģʱʱмƮңӳųõòʱ˾Ŀ
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Щ褵Ķжˣ֮ǰЩ˼˿ѾʧӰ٣ȴֻ⡣
뵽һӹסĲӡ
ظղǵĻѾˣһԸǵǰҪһǣǶĵİҵģ
ҪɶʱóЩԸ⣬ǰôˡ
ǿӣҲֻεҡҡͷȻ㱧
ʵֻ˵˵ˣû뵽ε˾Ȼôˣжʱ˼ãҲȻǡ
£Ůȴ˵Ķǵ·ϵĵĽʺޣʱĻͷ
ֻǣȴҲ֪ԼпҪͷˣʱ˭أ
ķˡ
ΪһֱҪһ飬ǾǽԼ֮ǰ鶼ɣ
һֱˣѾǵ̫˵ģȴûôڿǳ


437 Ȥζ
ǺܿǸ꣬û뵽ϰǺˣӣЦ˵ǵΨһһ£һɣ
⻰褶ʱ˵ЦҪ֪С˲ռײռ˶˿һǮơ
褣ȻֱӸ˵˺ȥѡȥˡ
ŮȥıӰжʱоЩįܾЩԲô˵Լ·һ㣬ܹ黹ǻġ
ںһʮֺóԵ
Ҫ֪ϰ׼ģǸµţЩʲô֮ࡣ
̫ˣӿȥǶǶʮֵϲġ
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һЩʱɫѾˣ˱׼ظ
ڻ·ϣһʮСӣںģȥȷʵЩˡ
㿴Щ˾ÿֲͺǵӰЩƬľͷôﴩȥɣҿɲʲôɾĶ
˵ų׼ȥû뵽мʱȴͻȻӰסǵȥ·
ԭǼͷС죬ٵ·
˵ûǸʵ㣬ԹԵĸȻĻʱݹǲҪ֪ҵаѵѵɵʱ׵ӽ쵶ӳɾͱˣ
˵ͳһѵɵȻ˳ı
ֻҲ֪ԼĵôģҪ֪һŮ죬һ໢ϴһıǿԱȽϵģ
褸ʾһ񣬺Ǽ򵥣Ϸ
ʲôˣû
ֻøǵıȻһֿ
ֿһزĵطΧҰأ֪ЩѾ׼²ֻҪٲƣһҪһЩĶ
ʱֻڲֿһϴģˣϧͻ̫ˣӦʱɵһЩСƦӡ
Σ壬ֻǵĳ֪ǼץΪ£ҪǮĻǿԽǮǣҪĻǿɾͲҪˣ
˵ԼĶͳһЩǮȻӸǡ
ϾһЩϵС죬ǮˣȻ蹷һ˹ȥȻǮѹιˡ
ʱһС쿴褣ڳŵò¶Щ˻ô
Ȼ֮ǰӣЩСǲǶǮƲ˵褵òʱɫġ
˵磬㿴һŮ˳Ǳ£ǼѾǸˣҪǲúõһֻ˷λᣬ˵˫ȡ
˵СƦӣȻ˿ˮ
˵һû˼ģǱСƦӸеĿȫ䵽褵ϣʱǱЩƤһ㡣
Щ˲Ŀ⣬æ褵
ڿô죿ô䵽ǵֻȫҪǵˣ˵ϻһѵӣʱܵĻǸһѵӣֻľȫˡ
褵ݼʮֲ
ЩȻϻͷʺǲȥˡ
Ҫ棬ȻҪ㵽ˡ
ǳ㼱æߵЩСǰȻʵӣǽǣʱٸһЩǮŹǾΣһ˵ƭǵġ
ӣЩСǻΪǺˣ޼ɵ
ֻΪ׵ǸԼСĺ룬Ȼ˼˵˵λ磬ʵǶԲסˣ½ǶҪ˼ˣŮôƯֵܼǲ˺ǵ㲻ϵĻʱһߣ֪ʲô
ȻЩС죬벻뵽һЩŵġ
ǳʲôˣôܻܵǵҪЮ첻ô㣿
˵ǼСӿǧҪôߣҵ黹ЩΪѣҲøҷŴЩȻĻʱǵҷŭˣɱû˵
˵ӵϼһͣʵԴӽʱѾȥûʲô⼸СӦûжһЩʲôɵ֮ģԼҲָܿǴ򣬵ʱҲǲһʲôʤġ
ӣǼСЩˡ
ֻղǸɫĵС죬ߵϴǰ
Ȼͷ˵Ǵ磬СӵӣѧЩ˵ˣǵʱ˭֪ûʤ㣿һٴʱǵѼӶˣ
˵ϵĵƦåǱϾСȽ٣ԲŻһ־壬ҪǾˣ飬ǲһ޼ɵ˵ɱ鶼ûа취ǵˡ
ȴ·Щ͵ӣȻҡҡͷ
˵Сô磬⻰˵ģѲǼģ˻򲻹һ˸ͣﶼеɵģʱʵڲиһӣ
˵⻰Ļｫɵ˳
⵶ƬڲֿǸƵҫ£⣬ԴһЩ
ղ˵ǸСƦӣĻ֮ŵøϽ˻絽ʱٲһͱˣǿɾЩ˵ȥˡ
ŵӣȻĳų߹ȻôĻǾͲҪǲˣҲֻ椰ˣû뵽㾹ȻΪһŮ˶ҪˣǿɾԹԼඣֵǸϣ
˵⻰ǼСƦӣ㶼˹Ȼų𵯻ɵӿ˹
ųȴͺݺݵĴǵ֣ûǱ㱻ĽеĵɵǮ˵ϡ
Լ֣ͨЩСŵøϽˡ
˵ʲôţղ˵Ļǻ񵹺Ҿ˵ǻ书ģȻʲôĵɵڶͱǵĻֻҲǻˣ͵ʴף
⻰ǼСŵøϽˣǸǸסˡ
˵ǼûϢǽʰ봺ɽ̽Ÿˣǳȥģʱ򴺸ˣû¡
˵㼱æ⼸СƦ˳ȥȻ󽫲ֿĴŸˡ
ʱ褲żæܵ˳ߣȻϸĴȫղŻᱻЩСӸˣȷǰȫʱ褲ŷ˸ġ
оôҪҪ׼ֵʱʱǸװƴˬɣ
ʱһЩů˵һ֪ܻĻ
ʵϣЩһĴֻһ͵Ļɫˡ
ǳ褣ҪȥǶʮֵļ򵥡
ҪûбµˣҪȻϷôȥı£Ҳҵı¡
褿ų˵⻰˼ʮּ򵥡
Ҳ褵˼ЦЦ˵ãͨˣطгڵŶ
Ļ褱㼱æһѰңϸĹһֿ涼ΧǽסˣȫʵʵģûУֻһȴţǸűסˣǿǳȥˡ


438 װ
ֳǸ褶ʱôźãˣʱңҪǲ˵ٷĻҲ־ء
ݼó̾ΪֹȻˣҲҾˣֻҪЩ鷢йˣȥ׹ǿѹĲ˵ġ
ǸطһĴڣҪȥǱߺôǿᶫɲΪԼı¡
ǰŮһӽӵ뻳Уĺ˵ɵѾͷں˵ʲôʲôϵЩСƦӰˣοĸ뵽ǻΪȻǳȥǾ͵ŰɣʱӦ䣬ǵ˻Ҫһӳȥʱ𣿡
ô˵Լǧ褳ΣգĻԼǿβѵġ
˵˵⼸СƦӣܿһ޳ȴҲǶѻһЩƦģˣǴͷһȾ˻ëġ
ˣǸȾëıʵ˵ǼСôˣҪ֪ɲǵĵ̣ҲѾǰˣǸ𣿡
ԭЩСƦëϴķ¶Լٵĵص㣬񿴵ЩˣǸëϴΪԼĵؽҲԲŻԽطжʱЩˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹϴȴæҡҡͷ˵磬ôĶأֻǱһֵģȻһ书ģ뽫ǸŮ˺úõ棬ǲ֪ǸŮ˳ǸƯ
⻰Ī˵ǸˣЩǶʱҲеȤ
Ǳû˵ֱӸǸϴƺƵģʮˡ
Ǹû졣
ŵøϽ㵽˳µʱЩ˼ʲôõĴ⡣
ȻȵЩƦʱ򣬶ʱǸЩ˵ʱ۸褡
˵磬ϸ˺ǸŮˣõжƯǽֵܽˣǿⱲӶ˸ˣҪȻĻҲͷϵѽ
ֻǸΪ׵ϴһ˵ţȻһָǸ褣ǻ˹ӡ
˳ָķǸëϴ㼱æ˹ȥ
һߴŮѽ
ĴȶʱͽëϴĲУȥǸһ߻
Իëϴ㼱æĦȭƣЩ̿ˡ
ҿȻǸŮ㵹û˵ǼȻΪʲô㻹ţϿȥѽѵѾû˵ĸ˵ʲô
֮ǰЩСƦӶһҶǸëϴʱЩ֣㼱æʵ
Ļã֮ǰǸΪ׵ϴ㼱æ˵㿴ǸǰˣȻֻ˸֮ͣǰǵֲ㶼õˣ˵ﻹȥŪ޸ѽԲŰѴѵѵˣ㽲ҲνѧУҵģӦûӣ
⻰֮Ǹëϴæ˹СӦòܹʲôı°ɣΪʲôͽ⼸СƦӸųأ
Ȼ˼ҶѾԼҹæôڿɲڹؼʱ̵ӡ
Ͻ˵ͷȻִԼĻͳһѳɲֵɵˣһֳּĵЩʿأ
Ƕˣѵǿɱ˵ģ滹֮ǰǸ˵ѪռȻҴɽȻҪӣʰСӣʱǸСúõ
˵ѳų˹˻˺褣㼱æ褶㵽һԵĻӺ档
ûķԸĻǧҪ
˵еĳᷢΣգ褻Ǻ˳ӵذĻ˵ǸӺ档
һҪСˣȻĻʱܵʲôΣգһȥ
һᶨģҲǸеο
ʱǸëϴѾ˹æͳ˹ȥһóһͣȷʵЩѷᡣ
ǣĹëϴȵġ
һһëϴЩ֧Ųȥˣʱͱһʹϡ
ʱ˳
ȻУĿЩСƦӣǣһ·
뵽ǾȻôҪ
֪ڸģôһȺ
ֻճǸëϴǰĲϣȻݺݵ˵Űѳģôұ㳢ѵǿ컹ǲ죡˵ѳѪôǵڶ
˵׼ѳնǸëʱŵõڵϣӶʪˡ
ԱߵЩ˾͸˵ˣŵøϽڵϣȻųļͷһ뵽ȻôӾͽǵϴˡ
Ҫ֪磬طһģû뵽ǿǿ֣죬ˡ
λúǣҲֻһЩͷСˣİŪԲŻ٣ǱҲģ书ǿķԸȥʱᱻᣡ
ЩСƦӣһ˵Żһ߹ȥʹǸë
ϸĿ˿ǣҲֻǲĺӣѵ˵ģĻë
һеȫë˵ʵˡ
֮ǰھưԼĻͳһ룬ȻݺݵǸëϣëʱ˹
ųųŵøϽ˳ȵ£ȻǧҪɱǧҪɱңԺҲˣŹһΰɣ
ݺݵĽߵһߡ
ղ˵ǿǳٵģ֪˵ĿɶǶԵģϿ˵ʵȻĻҰͷȻٰĴȸ㿳ʵ
ô˵ǸëҲϽͷԭЩ˵Ķġ
죬Ҳ˺κˣϾ֮޳ԩģֻЩСƦӱЩϴŪԲŻɳɥ顣
˱ųһϴǰ
Ȼݺݵ˵˵⼸˵ϴңԺ㻹ҲҼΪȥ˵ʵˣ
ղſëǸӣߵϴҲѾŵƨģﻹҼΪ
ҲǸϽڵϣʹĿͷ
λүԺҲˣԺҲˣϾͰ˶ɢˣֻ֪λү˭Ҳ˵
ʱЩ˶ܺ棬ǰ˵˭ô
ǵĻ֮󣬳õҲûбҪټȥ㽫˳
Щ֮󣬶ʱסˣи˱󺰳ѵǸ໢ϴ󣬳
Ҫ֪֣ǿǴģ໢͸˵ˣΪ໢ϴıµҲǲΪ档
ֻǸëϴĻ֮󣬶ʱŵõڵϡ
еĳݺݵӵϣų˵ԺЩ˰ɣǼѾӦˣұ໢˿ǣи˵Ĳģʱ򶨻໢ʰǣҲñ֤ҪٲЩٵ飬ǰҲǼƽϣϿȥɣ
ϣЩСǾãԺϴ϶Ҳȥɧǵˣ㼱ææԼͷϵӸҪ֪ǴСݡ
֮ߵϴߣݺݵؽ˦ǵǰЩСƦǶˡ


439 ͨ
ԭʱǲЩΪģǲĻЩ˱ǣû˰취Ҳֻܸһ
ѾˣгΪǳԺҲüˡ
һСƦӣȻܵ˳Ľ£ȻĿлİĻҵĸĸΪҵģҲǺ¼ˣһᱻߣ
ǰĺӣڿԱϴ󣬳㼱æ߹ȥݺš
գǾǣһëϴһϴҲѾ֤Ҳ飬οҲɵģǺ໢ǸˣҪ֪սʮˡ
ȵе˶֮żææ˹Ȼһѽ¥뻳С
Ҫ֪ˣʮֵĽԺʹһڡ
֮ǰĻҶݲǺܺøУǾ飬ȷʵĿ࿴ģԺҵҶ֧ģУôҪһͨˡ
ڻ·ϣ褷ǵó
ֱ죬һ춼ŮˣҲͲƴǣ㽫һӱϡ
貵ǿգ˱һƬݵϣƬݵǸӯ˱ȥģʱеķȫûˡ
Ȼ̧ͷǣ˲ҳ˼
쿴Ǳ߾ȻţǺ֯ŮǣҾԼǴɣȻܹƼҲһԵְɣ
һָգһʮָ˵ĳų˵ġ
֪ڰʾ
Ҫ֪Ů˵ָԸģûа취ѽ
뵽һѽӵ뻳УȻĶͷʹһڡ
֪ģ飬Ҳ˵㣬㻹ǹԹǻһգȵգұԶĶһ𡣡
ˣȴʼվ
Ͼ˸Ǻѷֿġ
ͻȻ֮䣬֪ɹһЩˮʱϸȫǡ
ǽгˣæվȻ㳯ͣķĳ
˵㿪ѵûпҪΪ㿪ĺͿˣ㲻Ǹˣ
褼æ߹һ
û뵽һˣֻһİɫµƤЬﭹģһʮֺÿͷ
һ˵ȴ˶ʱоЩ
˵ЩУ¶û¶ڲݵϣѵûпдţСڳɳУǧҪǽм̤𣿻˵ǸäȻϧŮĳͦƯģ˵Ǹңʱ÷㵽ȥֶãǵø
褳мɫǸӶʱЩɫˣ˱˵
褺ݺݵصһۣû˵
ǳ߹ĺߵҪΪмǮͿˣϲӻļҵȫܹˣ
仰ǰǸӸˡ
ʱ˹Ȼһ
š
С㣬񣬿ǲˣ˵մ㻹𣿻ҽѵѵСӣǷ
⻰˵꣬ȴǸϣһӣֻϴЩСͷϴһ۾ȷе˵ӦǸī
ǿģ֪϶һģ쵹Ҳãûϸ˽ôһԡ
ЩǣӶûоˣΪԼϵһ㣬ϵңҶ֪ʲô󡣡
˵ᶨǸīǰ
֪һ˾飬Ҳûܹı䣬ҲֻȥˣֻϣǧҪκε飡
ߵǸߣĿŶԷ
Ǹ˶ʱ㳯һӵĶȻ΢΢ЦţһԼıڣ˵ⶼҵģҸ㣬СҪСԾҪˣŮ˾ҵˡҪ˵ʲôŮ˵ĵλҿԿġ
˵˱㳯ţһɫ
ȴЦĺܴܴ󣬵ûı°Ů˶ϲǿߣǰֻܹ˵һˣڳˣûһв
ֻߵǸڵǰȻ˵ˣǧҪһҪǸŮ˴ؼȥʱ˵ʧܵĻұֱӽˣĳ̶ȣӦ֪ģ
ǸڱһᣬĻȴЩѿŸ˵ģȻؽ㣬ûµĻһʲôﱣأһԼѡȥ
˵ֱ˳ǰų֡
ʱʲôֻǳֿȭĳ˹ӣӦѧ̩̩ȭٶȼ죬һֱ֮䵹ǡӦˣܿ㽫·Ū׼ˡ
Ȼȭ־׼ģǲСĵĻֻµʱϡãҲǺģĶ֣㻹ҪСĵģ
ٴζ֮ǰ˵Ļ
û뵽ǸĻ֮ҲЦŵͷȭҲǺܺõģֻϧʵǲܹվͬһҲҪҲˣֻΪ˱סҵķˣ
˵Դ
ǰϧģǸ˶ʱЩˣǳıڡ
˵ô£ǵĵˣôܹ˵ЩϻأҪ˵Ļʱұ㽫ˣңǮҲңûУ
뵽һո˵ڣһڶʱֽͣţһߵĳҲͣˣ֪ڻҪѡ
ֻڶѸ֮ƣֱӳ嵽Ǹ˵ǰȻıӱһȭ
Ҹ㣬ǱҲϵģ˵İȫҲܹأҸ㣬ұ֪֪ҵʡһֱҴСеģ
˵һȭȻһҹȭǸ˴ͷתһڵϡ
ڻһ䣺ˣңҽ㣡
˵ߵ˳ǰ
ֱӵս֣ʮе˵
ҪٴˣΪ֪ҵͬˣҲΪˣԵĻټģϾҶպͣѣݰݡ
˵׼ˣߵʱ򣬻˴Ǹ˵ĿڴԼĹʣܲܰװ˸ˡ
ʱ򣬳ߵǸ˵ǰΪԼģŵøϽסԼԴȻ
Ҳˣ㲻Ҫң֪Ҵˡ
ȴû뵽ֻǳһĺˣҲģû˸Ͳ䣡
˵褵֣ȻԶȥҲʱʱĻͷݺݵĵһǸˣĳˣǲӦûϡ


440 ţС
׼ֱʱȴͻȻԶȻһƻͨĵط
ֻڴ棬ȷʵмͷԵģһʱ֮䣬ȷʵѾˡ
ǱĵطֻǶĳ
˿һֱǵ褣ʱס֣ȻЦųʵӣǽȥҵ̼İɣһһʧжûˣô
֪ȥǮΪʲôһ̼ĶȻˣʱɫͨ졣
˱㲻˼˵
˵ں˵ʲôأҿɲˣҪ˵ĻҿľͲˣ
˵װҪȥӣȴһӸסˣԭѾͷȻˡ
Ǳ㼱æ
˵СѾͷԴﵽװʲô˵ĿɲǸ˼ֻǿǰиǮĵطȥѣ㵹ãЩĶ
֪˼褶ʱӺ֪룬ջڳĴ£ǮĵطȥϾûмʶ
ǵ˴ſڵʱǼ˶ʱֱӳ˹
˵ʲôģǲܹǻģûʱĻ͸Ͽȥɣ
⼸ɷӣ褶ʱˣ׼ųȥû뵽ȴ˻
һ촽Ųų˵ֵ˼ȻѾطȻǾģѲɽûϵĸϻȥ𣿻ǾûǮүеǮϿǽȥȻĻʱү˶Ǯɾȫϣ
û뵽һ۾ͱƳģǼ˻Ϊҵģ˵ǮģȻüˣҲͷǽȥ
б˷ˣ͡áڣ˱㼱æ˽ȥȴСô˵ǵһεֵطȻǳ˺档
Ǹո߽˴ţɽ˺ģÿĸһӣжĴСģҲ齫ģ˿ƵģӦоУǰŵģȫǴŴŵֽҡ
ǽˣһԱһӣЦӯӯʵ֪λϲʲôʽ˵Ҳýǰŵ
ȻǲףǰĳЦŵͷ
ҲģС¡
⻰ǷԱϽͷȻСµĵط
ֻһȺΧһɫӵϣǰǷһ룬ɫӡ
һˣȻҡɫӣ˱ĴС褿ȥǾҲͦȤģȴ֪һϱ׬ʮҲδ֪ġ
µˣһ˱ϵȻó褼˽ȥ
Ǹҡɫӵ˿ųȻЦʵȻģǲһѰɣһ㶼ǧԪ֪ڴûôǮûеĻȰ㻹ȥԵĵطɣЩ˿Сģ
ӣΪûǮҲʱ䡣
û뵽ȴǵЦЦȻԼĿڴͳһһٵģмɣ
褶ʱסˣû뵽ȻЯôֽѲδ֪˵ͲµʱĲ벻ףˣ
óôǮղǸЦˣҲϽ죬ŴһЩӵʵôĿͻǲΪɣ˵ǴСĶ٣
⻰ֻҡҡͷȻ褡
Щǰʵûʲô˼ξһɣ˵ǴСʱѽ˵أ
ֻ뿴Ϸû뵽ȻԼ£褶ʱЩ죬ȴԾһԡ
ֻô˿Լ褶ʱЩ˼ֻǵ˵˾䣺ȻĻҾͶĴ󡭡
˵⻰Ǯͳһֱӵ
ԱߵЩ˶ʱסˣô˵ոһǮǸˣ涼ӮǮ
ֻǸҡɫӵļѹǮ֮󣬱㼱æҡɫӣֻͬɫػζûˣȻһС
˶ʱЦ㼱æǸǮ
ǸҡɫӵЦ˵˵λ磬¾ǽԩͷˣλŮǮİɣ
ЩôһЦ褶ʱȥˣ׼ųȥû뵽ȴһӽ뻳УȻЦҡҡͷ
ⶫˣĲӮ׻˵úãиܹջ񣬽һѣȵѵʱôأ
ųӣֻٴһ֣Ծˡ
Щˣʱ׼ˡ
ܿΧҶ뿴ЦҲ˳ӮһЩǮǳȴЦĺգΪֻ֪һıѣЩǱˣʱֻ»úܲҡ
û뵽һȻΣΣǧˣģˣҵıɣ
˵ǰȥȻһ´С
ʵǲˣղѾ˵ˣ˵С˵СǴ
׼˵ʱȴͻȻʹ˸ɫ˿ŮˣæЦŵͷȻ˶ǰ棬Լˣǿǰٷ֮ٵΡ
Щ˿Ůʱſ϶ܹٴδ׬Ǯˣû뵽ȴͻȻǸ˵аɫ˹
˵Сҵı£ǲҡɫӰɣҲţǿж٣
Щ֪Ů˸˵ģԱ㽫ԼǮѹ棬һӮġ
ųǸ֪ξԲܹκεĲˣΪղųĵдһСҲˡ
Ա㳯Щ˵ҾͲС
Ļ䣬Щ˱㼱æ˴󣬶Щʮġ
ǰ龰ʱЦˣȺ̰ļһֻѪ޹ˣȻҲֻܹ̰ĲպԼ
ֻҡɫӣû㽻ˣڳȫҪѪˣЩѹ˼ʮģ˿ȫѪֻ½һ׬ģһġ
褿Ǹ˻ˣҲԼеǮȫװ˴Ǯƶ˵Ĳʲô飬Ҫֻһͨ޵ĻЩǲ˵Ķ
ȻҲǵȤ֮һЩһ̵ġ
һЩ˵ľ粻ͬˡ
Ҫ֪һЩͨ˿װƵ飬Ƕ˵ȴһЩʮС£ֻΪ˴˵ľԲŻô顣
ٴɣǳЦҡҡͷȻ֣仰˵úãĳ֮ϣǧٱ飬ҲܹǾʮŰѶģǲˣȻӮһѣҪ֪㡣ʵϣȴǲϾɱΪҪֵĻǾͻɨط飬Ҫġ
˳Ļ֮褽ǵĺǵҲͲȥ׼ȥû뵽ȴ˸סˡ
ͷľȻһͺӣӣӦطͷɣ
ʵͲµӣ֪ӮôǮߵǲŹģȴû뵽Щһô죬ֻʱҲЩ˷ܣ͸йǺ鰡
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˵ʲôѲ˼ǿط͹ˣ׬ǮǾлǺε
褽еǮúãȻٳǸͷ˵
ǸͷЦ˵ֵܣɲɣ˵һϣӮӮȥҲӮ򣬿񵹺ãһϣֻǵһ֣Ӯϰ˵ǲǵøǵôϾṩĵطȻĻҲ˵ȥ԰ɣ
ˣԭô˼ո·ѡ
Լ֪Щ˴죬Ҫ٣ҲԼܲó
ȻĻҵʣϰҵóȥ٣˵ĵҲԣôҲǴӮǮ׻˵úãҶҪ˰ˣοˡ
˵꣬褵ùЩǮô£ǸͷҲǾǸ˵֮ˣЦȻװʮֿӣȻ˵ĻҲ͵ˣЩǮȻ˵㣬ǸǶ٣ҲˣôܹҪأ˵ǲǣֵҲǸģҲͲ˵ˣӦ׵ġ
û뵽ϾȻôҪˣӮǮҪ㡣
ѾˣһҪǵͷ
ǱԼǮͳ˶ٿǮȻŵͷ
Ȼô˵ĻҲͲˣǶٿǮţ򼸺̸ֵܳ飬ҲҵһƬˣٸĻҲǲܹҪģϾ֮ǰҲ˵ЩҪԼ˼Ǿллˣ¾ˡ
˵׼ȥ
û뵽ȴһӱǸͷֻǶٿǮ˺÷飬Ȼӵ˵ϣıŭˡ
ֻԼŶȻݺݵ˵㻹ҵҪˣ㣬һٶǲһĻʱųȥѾǶ御ˣѵҲǿˣҪ첲ҪһԼѡɣ
˵ԼͳһλεĿ
褶ʱŻˣҪ֪ЩطˣǿǸĺݶȻûۼ֮ǰҲ˶ֵط
Ա㼱æų֣Ȼ˵ֱӸɵǣôҪҪһѼװ
ǳȴЦ֣ûоˣЩͨˣȤ
ϲǾͺá
׻˵ĺãԼôԼģԼľǿҲûõģûв´ĻӦϴɣѾ￪ĳЩˡ
һ˵ţһߵͷ϶ǰ
Ļͷжʱסˣô֪ԼأҪ֪ԼһֱûԼѽ
˱Щʵʲôˣô֪ҵı
ĻʱЦ
㲻ù˭ҲùҴģֻ㣬ǹԹ԰ҴųȥȻĻıҲҲֹҪǮߣʱҪǵҵĻһĳĸˣ
û뵽ͲǲС
ϴʱˡ
ֱǰλεĵ˹Сӵֿ϶һֻҲǸһѵ뵽СҲû㣬֣ǰѵ
ڳ˶סˣֻ֣ݺݵסǰѷĵƬǸͷȷʵ뽫ָｩţǳʵˡ
˵Ҳ֣ȻͷôգǰϵǰѵعʱԵ˵ϡ
Աߵ褿ǱŻˣæõԼǰȻϸĿ˿ȷû֮Ƿġ
ͷпӣʱһˣȴ˵
˵СֵܣӵҲǻṦģȻĻҲΪ㣬Ǯ¶ʮʣµ㶼ԴߣҲ御ˣϾҿĳҲǲס
һ˵ţͷװΪѵӣ˵ȷʵҲǾˡ
ƽʱĻͲġ
뵽ɳȴЦҡҡͷ
ǽǸͷϴ޿̣Ȼ˿ڣµȫ˽ʱĳΧˣĶͽǣŵøϽ˳ȥ֪ҪһѪ֮ˡ
ʱǸͷϴؿų
ղҸ㲻ҪɱˣһǮòߣҽ죬ŮˣϾ㿴һЩÿĶ
˵꣬˰֣Ȼתȥ
ЩĳĴ֣ЩСƦӱ࣬ǣǿӦģֻЩʱҲǲۣСı˼ϣҿĺ񣬵ֻǽϵǸȥһӡ
ֻ棬ӣ̲ȥˣԱ߼һѿʱ㽫ڳļֵĸ첲
ǸͷвûлعͷҲ֪ʲôΪǼǽǸȫˡ
˵ҲҪ̫ˣȫʬˣָֻһͱҪ֪һһҪȥҹģŪ̫Ҳ̶ãʱֻǳԲȥˡ
ͷеĻû˵꣬ȴԼЩһ˿Ѿµˡ
Ļعͷʱֻ΢΢ЦſһѿȴĲϡ
ǰǸͷиŻˣͨһ±˵ϡ
Ȼ㿪ʼģղŶҵĴҲӦЩСǲ׾ȥԸ㣬һʱȻۣһΰɣҲԲˣЩǮȫߣֻҪһͺã
뵽ȻĶߡ
˵˾䡣
˵Ǻαأ֮ǰǹԹԵİǮңҲǲӶˣϻҲʮˣôëͲˣĵǮ㻹Ҫлʲô
һ˵Ǹͷжʱͨ죬ôԼĹô֪
ڲ֮䣬ȴ뵽˭Ǳˣ໢Ǹϴ
ǰŻˣԼ˴󵱼ҵģԼǸʲôǰǸСආˣȻĶǴˮ
ҵĴҰɣҲ֪ˣԺҲˣشӴ˾ˣЩǮߣҪǲĻٸһ㡣
ʱû˼ˣԼôͱµˣݼȥ
ȻǲѵĻʱҲ޷߶
װЩεӣȻ˿ͷУʵû취ұһʱ򴫳ȥֻ˿ЦҲңֻԸˣҲһɣֻһʱʹˣ
˵䲻ĽǸͷеһСָ
ԱߵŴˣЩСǸŴˡ
ֻͷʹԼȻʱ󺰴ǹ˳ǰסģϣ
ʵѹͲɱȻĻҲЩ
պݺݵؾסĲӣȻ˼ݻ˵㣬ˣ뿪ĳĻûǽһ㣬ӮӮǱ˵飬ɵĻûǰȻĻһǻģ
ŹԼǸͷбˡ
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442 
ĺˣԺҲ᷸Ĵ󣬽ҵһָҲǸһѵҿ֣ͻĻ
ͷҲøˣȻ໢չˣ鶼Ѿǲˡ
ٶһģûа취ǵԼӦҪúõԱȥˡ
ԽԽԶĶĳЦųߵʵʲôûĸˣ
ΪӮôǮӦúܿĲŶԣû뵽ȴԾ޾ɵģͷȴǲ˵
óЩˣŮ˵Ļǲ²͸
֮褲ץס֡
ղҶˣ֮ǰӵİɣڴɱɱ֮жȹһʲô飿ʱҾͲ֪ôˣЩǮԶģȴܹûѽ
ԭŮ˾ȻʱЩж
Ǳ㼱æ§뻳С
Ȼ촽
ŰοɵϾͲҪٶˣһ֤Լȫȫģ˵˶Ѿôˣ㿴һ鷢𣿶ҪĻѾˣ
ۿɫԽԽȴǲȥˡ
ԹԵҽ춼Ѿһˣ˵ģھ̻ȥʱĻһģ
ʮϵĳ˵
û뵽ȴۺᣬ˷ֻֿһֱҲ֪²ܹȥ
ʱ·ȴͻȻһЩˡ
ԭЩſƣһʱȤ㼱æųֳ˹ȥֻһһĿƣдԼԸȻԶȥ
Ҳ߶ʮһ褱һһֽ֧ʣдԸֽʵݸ˳óдԼԸ
ûã˱дˡ
褺ߵס֣ȻѯʵңĿдʲôԸ
˿ǰɰŮӡ
ҵԸϣȵʱǱԶֿô
˳Ļ褶ʱֿʼЩСжأ
һԼдĶȫóҲǱģϣԽģԼҵһֱչȥԼܹߣԶǿֵģ
գӶЦˡ
ʱȴͻȻԶһС͵
˲ȥЩҲææ
û뵽ǸС͵ܵĵͦģûٹѾܵһСȴǽĸ
ֻС͵ʮֵӯѾܵԶ
Լ˦ʱ򣬿û뵽һӳȻһŽߵڵϡ
˵һСС;ͲѧЩãΪʲôҪ͵˵ĶӦҲʮɣúѧ͵ԺʲôãϿѶȻĻҲҿɴСӵģǼңǿǲһŶ
СҲʮʱʱ
û뵽һСŮ˫۶ţȴǸкź˳Ȼſϡ
ôˣô֮ǰ˵ȥóԵ𣿡
ǸС͵СŮĻ֮󣬶ʱȴּæˡ
ֻǱСŮЦ˵ĺˣӦһ쵽ЩҪԹԵڼǧҪȥȸʱ͸ŪóԵġ
ǸСŮĺܣͷžͻӡ
ʱҲѾ˹ǰһС
ʱƺѾµˡ
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СкĻ褶ʱǸļͥ˵ˣСк֮͵ҲΪá
褱㼱æߵ˳ǰȻק䡣
˺ˣҲǼҵˣҲǹģǸǮûȥȻ󽻸ԭˣʲôһǮӼýӼԼɣ
˵Ӱͳ˼ٿǮСк
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ʱͻȻӲԶ߹һȥʮӷ׵Ƕ
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ЩǮҺõľǮ컹ң
û뵽ǸŮȷʵǮȻЦţҸ㣬֮ǰŵʱǷǼҵʣǮˣȻҪϿ컹ǣܵǵ
ԭŮ˾Ȼ
û뵽õĵ֮ﲻǣÿСкûһЩǮ֮󣬱ȫˣЩ˱㲻ٸʩǮˣΪֻ֪Ҫ֮ȫŮ˸ˡ
Ավŵ褶ʱȥˣ㼱æߵŮ˵ǰȻʵȻˣǾӦչǣôܹǵǮأ
ͻȻŮˣʱǸŮЩסˡ
ܿѹȻŭ褡
˵ʲôƾʲôѵңǵ˵㣬ûʲôϵ˵ǵҵĻʱݹҶҲһ٣
ӣŮ˾ã褿϶򲻹ȻҲǺ۸ġ
˵ӵˡ
ֱû˵㿴ӣһǸ̰ģӶԴǣһ죬⵽Ӧģ
Լû˵ʲôŮ˾ȻԼǸŮ˶ʱ㲻ˣǱȭͷ׼
û뵽ȭͷûѾоԼĸ첲ϲһʹУǱľȻǳĸ첲һӸŤ˹
ŮˣʱԼĸ첲һ룬ɱһ໵Ľ
ſңſңٸжҵĻǵҵİɰ˰
⻰˵꣬ͿԱһǿ׳ˡ
ǸŮ˵ǵҵģԼ۸Ȼ˹ȥ׼û뵽ȴֻǺݺݵһţ㽫ߵڵϣˡ
ǸŮҲ˲Լˣæ߹ȥǼҵҵġ
ǣŮŵøϽǵǸǴǴˣ㲻Ҫٴˡ
ʱſ˿褣ʾ˵
ʵҲΪǣҲǿˣһЩǮҸǵĸѣǵξǺúõչǣǷǶټĻʱǻһᣡ
˵꣬褱ԼİͳһЩǮȻǸŮ˵ǮʱǸŮ˵۾ˣһ뵽˵ĻŵøϽͷ
Ȼֽʵ˵˳ʵҲǲǣֻǼˣ֮ǰûǣǮƣȻҲñ˵ǣĺˣһúչǡ
˵㽫ôԼļ


443 
ʱ褲Ƿġ
һɫҲ˲ˣæ褣Ȼ󣬱㽫ͻ˼ҡ
ٷֱʱ᲻ãݺݵı뻳УȴͿţص˼
褣ĺˣһģΪҵװ㣬㣡
Զȥ褣˵ЩֻԼȴףѾпûа취ˣʱ˭鰡
ֻҪҸ˾ͺã
ڶһͮ
ôҲǸôõŮˣԼҪˣȻҪк˵ˣѾͷö
Ƕڳ˵ÿŮﶼǺҪģ뽫
ĳһɫСһ˫⻬ƤЬȥǾ˧ޱȡ
ͮԼһȵ棬ظ˹ȥҵһͮϲĿŵȻȴš
ûãͮˣĴ磬ҲӦǾ׼ˣֻһҪ֮ǰǸŮһ޿˰ɣ
ˣܾˣ֪ͻȻȥ϶л᲻ڣΪҵŮˣһҪԼǿ
оôͮԸǱȽǿһģȻ֮ǰһֱǱڲԸȴôûа취ıġ
˳Ļͮȴֻ΢΢ǣ·ûһֻǶǱŵȻ㵭غ
ЩֵǳЩ⣬ΪѾͷһϣȻקһǴš
˱һ֮󣬲̽Եسźͮѵҵȥһ㶼ѹΪʲôȥ㵹Ǻܵ˵һ鶼ûҪĻھ뿪ο࿴ɫ
Ҫ֪ǿǺģһǿƵĺܣɲŮѹͷϡ
ô˵ͮһץס֣ȻҪ˻ȥ
˵˵⻹˻ϲĻҺοҪֻܳҵ̫ʹˣǲŮ˵ģ뿪֮ǰ㻹ǴӦһҪ󣡡
Ȼ֪ҪʲôǳܾԼϰµģͺϴһ
ԼϾҪˣҪʲôҲ֣Լһˡ
˵ɣҪʲôƵİҪʲôӻ߳ӣҶ취Ūô˵ҲϵŮѣһñ˿ҶǺõģ
ֻţȻԴǵ˵š
Ǻͮȴͷ˦˹ȥ
˹˵û뵽нŮˣ̫ʻˣЩҲҪҪҪܼ򵥣ǽúõһ죬ҲҪκ˻ػҪκɧ
ʱͮѾվģӦġ
ʱԴˣΪʲôÿŮ˶ӣ֮ǰǸҲǡ
ҺڻûϾߣҪǿԴӦġ
Ǳ㼱æ˵ͷס˫֣ǧҪ֮ǰҺԭΪʵ̫ˣҾãЩ飬Ҫȫģȥ˶ģ
ӳǾ֮ǰӦӸͮ˦ӣ߱㼱æǸ
Щͮһ˵ڳĻ
Ȼȥͮ΢΢һ£һطȥˣֻһֱûʱ䣬ȻӦȻҪȥˡ
Ļǽȥ߰ɣҪ֪ʮĺ̲ģϾҪˣϣһϦ£ɳ̲ϻţҪġ
˵Щ֮ͮбһЩ㽡
ԱߵĳҲںܾ֮ǰͮʶʱ򣬺ͮ˵ϲľɳ̲Լٲǰȥֻպû˻ˡ
ɵѾͷðɣҾȥɳ̲ôھߣȻĻ¸ϵĻ֪ˣ
ĵطȥߵĻ»ЩʱΪ˲г̣Գͮ㼱ææĴԱߣսһԽҰҪֳ֪ɳ̲ϣǿǿԷɱġ
ԽҰϣʱоҰ
Һͮ˷ܵ˵һǾͿԽҰȥߣֻ;ᾭһЩĮڣ˵ǸطЩȫǾĻʱСһɣʲôҲǧҪϾ˵˽ģǧҪ˷ìܣ
ĻԱЦֻϻû˸Լɣ˵ĻʱֻԼ
뵽㽫Ųȵһ·ϵľɫҲʵ˸оĿΪԶ͵ĹľƬľ֣ǰǻĮˡ
ֻĮȷʵЩ˼ϾûʲôޣҲԸͣο滹˵һЩʲôǿ֮ġ
ûа취Ҫ뵽ǰǸȥ±ҪطҾʱǶǽżӵ죬»ЩȫĶϾԤΪ
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ԼܹأǱ㼱æһֿųһȥѺͮŪĸЦ
ͻȻ֮ĳͣΪǰ治֪ʱһŵˣֻվڻĮ֮ϣȻַ·γһ˴һ
ոȥû뵽Į֮ϣȻЩҲǺ棬ЩһǴģ˵ŸʶģʱҲͺ˵ˣ
ʱ˿̣Щ˵ʱ򣬶ʱʮֵļʹ̼
Ͼ֮ǰ˵ĮһһЩȺרŽ٣ۼˣȻǸʾͲñ˵ˡ
Աߵĺͮȴսľ
ֻץסĸ첲Ȼ˵ǸϿȥɣЩֻǲǵģ˵Įطŵģʱ£ֻû˻ǣ
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ЩɫĽ·ҿϻŸ֣±ϳǵʵģɣǵӣӦһЩ׳Ļӡ
ֻͷˣһ첲·ٵˣǸĴ
˵ôӳȻĻ⵶ǹۣʱǿɱˣҲֻͼ·ǺοҪǶŸɣӶ˵ֻǻûкùӶѣֵǰһѣ
ֻǸۣ˵һ䣬ЩСǣֱŲӳ˹ʱ׼ǵ̥
Ҫ֪ǿҪȥߵģôܻǷأ㼱æߵĳźݺݵĴ򿪽ЩСȫײɳϡ
⵹ǸЩˣû뵽СӾȻǸṦģǾ͸ˡ
ֻ˹Ȼһ֣ͽݺݵƵɳϣʱæźͮӳ˳ȻĻֻ»ڵϡ


444 
ǰۣǾЩû뵽־ᾹȻЩ򣬶ӦǴޱȣοһ첲ܹΪЩ˵ϴ϶˵ı졣
ˣ۶ʱߵǵǰȻԼĺЦ˵⳵ĳҲϢֺοǵøҶŸˣӶ˵ȷʵûʲôùӣֻΪǮƣϵǮȫóҲΪǵģ
˵ЩСȥ˵ϣСܸոߵ˳ǰͱݺݵһߵԱߵɳϣʱĺ
ȻѾµ򣬿û뵽Ȼô϶۶ʱЩסˣǲ
Ǳ㳯Сʹ˸ɫһĻʱû£οԼߵҲģô׾ͱȥ
û뵽Сܸոߵ˳ߣˣһ£˶ʱЩľսģϴʹɫӣҲֻٴ˹׼ŽӶڵϡ
ֻǸոܹʱ򣬳ͷ˻ݺݵĽƵ˵ϡ
⼸˷·Щģӵٴ˹
ôǵģǸʻڼǵ棬ǻᱻԼʲô飬δ֪ġ
ǱֱӽһСܵĸ첲˹ȥ˿ΣŵøϽصǸ۵󣬱ϾҲ֪Լʹ򲻹ǰ˿½ˣһĻֻ
ԼСڳ϶۶ʱЩ֪ˣ˵Լ书ҲǺǱϾ˼ϣԼǸĻֻ½յСܾҪˡ
ʲôǿԺú˵ҲҪˣϾǵʱҲûôǶ˵˲ΪǮưˣֵܼĮһôãҲֻı·ѣֺοǵӣǿ⳵ӦҲǸǮˣں⼸Ǯɣ
ӲĲУ϶۱׼ģȰԼֵܸ˵
ĻʱЦ
⻰˵ĵ˼ˣ˵ΪģʲôҲøɣֻͳѵӵڱ˵Ĳϱѱ˵ǮߣǱôģ˼Ǯӱˣ֪˼᲻żǮ˵ĵͦɵģ
˵ӣ϶֪ǲ׷ŹԼСˡ
ֻ϶۵һתбһ⡣
ߵ˳ǰȻ˵Ĳֱ׳˵Ȼ˵ĻǾͺðˣǱһ£ܹʤңұЩСܴӴڻĮ֮ʧӮ˵ĻǽǮ£ҵСܸҷˣұǹȥϾ϶ҲǸģ
۵ģҲǸĸǶҲͦģϾ˼־ᡣ
Ǳ˵ͷԼ佫ȻǸСָܵԱߵһϣųźͮ˵
ϸĿǧҪñʲôֽţұ֪ϲ˵κεǿܹٱ˵ģֻ֪Լֲܷʳ
˵ձԼͳһѻƽɫذףȻ󽻵˺ͮҸСܸҶĻʱֱͱĴȾˡ
ʵҲŻŻСʱΡ
û뵽ȴŵñǿæҡҡͷҪõͱңҪõͱңһԹԵġ
ͮЦЦȻӹǰذףʱ˿Աߵ϶ۣȻЩģ³Կ
һҪӦңǧ򱣻ԼҪκε⣬ЩǿܣʱǻҪȥ̲ģ
˵ڳĶͷһڡ
΢һ㶣Ȼ㼱æЦЦͷ
űȺ˵ǰ
Ҳ֪ô棿νˣôԼǣЩСආǣǸ϶ۣЩпε
ǾܿںˣôбԣֻҪǣʱ϶ķ䣬ȻĻʲô۶ӣɱ²ˣϾעģĴӦȻҲǵҪ󣬿˵ĻʱڸҳƬĮ֮ϣʱݹҲ
Щ˵ʱᷴڣԳ㼱æİ˵
϶鵹Ҳʮֶ֘ȻѾ˵ڵ鵱ȻϾҪаˡ
ԼǿǿҲǿһ˵ʲôˣ
ĺˣȻ˵ĳڣȻҲͻᰴ˵ĻʱһԼõģĮȥȻҲϣ԰Լ
϶˹ȻϵЩﶼȥֻһķƵ·
⵹ó˳϶ʧȥĸ첲֮ǰӦҲǸȻĻ·ģ
û뵽һˣȻŪ·Ҫ֪Щ·ֻܸЩʲô쵼Ǵ
˿ϵ·ȻЦ
϶ȴֻǵͷȻ󿴶ûпһۡ
·Լϵʹ
Ǳ㼱æ˵ҴʲôֻҪˣôҲͿˣôھͿʼɣֻ׼ͽֲ׼׼ð
Ȼ֪ĺ«ʲôҩǳҲһԣӲ˼ȻĻֻһζĽǸŵڵϣǷϲġ
˱㿪ʼˣֻ϶˭س˹ֱһͷɲסһ
ǳһֱӴԾ˹ȥҿûбײȻ֮ǰЩҧݴֵĴײذɣ
û뵽ô֮ǰС㣬⵹Ƿ˼ˣɣ
ֻЩƵĳǸ϶Ц˵⣬˫ֻһʽơ
ǰǸ϶۸ŭˣСӿˣֱӰ˺õģӣûбҪˣôʱҲû˵ܹɱ췴ڻĮ֮ϣҲû֪
뵽϶۱㽫ԼеȫõԼһ첲ϡ
Ҫ֪ô˵ʧȥһ첲һֱڼϰһ첲ԸˣѾ¯ˣ첲ȫӵһ첲ϣǸӵ
˵СӽɶѰ·ֲˣϣ±ӿһ͵˵ʱ˴˵Ļ΢ĺһЩĺŮҵֵǻչ˺õģʱϸأ
˵ձ㽫ĸ첲˹ֱһ뵽ȴһӸ첲㽫Ǹ첲סˣʱá
˵Į֮ϣ༰ȴ˸еĸ֣û뵽ô赭дľͽĸ첲ͣסˡ
·ǿǸͷоȵı飬ȴֻЦ˵˾䣺׻˵ĺãûмˢӣ˭￪ȾοǳֺαΪԼأ˵ǲǣ
˵㽫첲ݺݵһ˦϶۶ʱ㵹ǸĮ֮ϣɳɣֱﳤ˿ˡ
ЩСǼæ˹׼ƴȴ϶۸סˡ
ֻεҡҡͷ˵סְɣǶϿҲ򲻹գ˽ô˵ˣǾҪ䣬ү飬ðɣǾʹӻĮȥԺҷģһֵˣ
˵ЩС׼ȥ˩ϵСܶʱЩˣ׼ӿǵźͮеذףŵøϽ졣


445 Ů˼
ʱǸ϶۲żԼһֵ´ʱ˿ֻ̣лȥԼϣܹСܸȳˡ
ֻתһӱڳǰȻʹĿͷλСֵܰɣôôãûʲôҲи˵ģľòˬ죬Ͱ϶۵ȻݺݵĴһ٣ֻϣϾлĸ׵ģҪȥϣ
⻰Ƕ϶ЩĿ࿴ˡ
붼ûһѽֳźͮ˸ɫʮֵĺãͮȻʲô˼ذ׽ǸƣȻǸСӸˣŻߵ˳ߡ
û뵽ϸ羹ȻôˣƽϲˣֻעѾڷȥˣҲûջӰɣﻹһЩǮƣŵǣȥðһЩȻЩĻƣȱǮ
˵ԼĶͳ֮ǰǸĲĵطӮЩǮơ
ȻǸ϶۵϶ΪǼٿǮҲͰˣǵôǮʱסˡ
㼱æקЩСǹ˲˵֮ûлĻһСΪµģֻϣ¸֣ʱҲ㱨
ʵԼЩ£Ǳ𣬿û취϶ȴӲһֱĥӲҪ֪֡
ʵ̲ס˵ҲֻýԼ˵˳
˰ˣȻ֪ĻҾ͸ǵİɣҵֽг
⻰һ˵ڣ϶۶ʱסˣѵǸ໢ϴ󡭡
Լǿۡ
ֻһס֣Ȼ˵֮ǰֻ˵໢ϴû뵽վȻĮ֮УۼʶˣҲ޺ˣʮָл㣬ЩǮ㹻뿪ĮһЩµĻ
û뵽ӲĺӣǮصĶʱȴҲǴ޲ߣǿĺܡ
ļ
˺ˣ׻˵ж᲻ᵯοĸ첲ȥˣ֪϶м䷢һЩ£ҲֿϵȥսˣԲʲôϵС죬Ҳžֻǲ֪ܲܽĹ˵ҵǺĺܣ
û뵽໢ϴ󣬾Ȼ˵̧Լ
϶۾ԼҲͲټˡ
Ǳ㳯ų˵ȷʵ٣֮ǰսϴ̵ģû뵽;ȴһʿʱҵĵҩȫûˣټϴһ̣۵ĲУﻹоԺãû뵽ȴҵĸ첲ҿˣ
˵϶۶ʱЩˡ
û뵽ϾȻˣ˼ԺˣΪʲôȴҪҪ֪ӵˣܹҵĻ˫˫ŶˣҲ֪֪е
˳㼱æ׷ʵ֪ڻܲҵ䣿ҵĻһ㱨Ҫ֪ҿϲ˼ҴӱģʲôǾ
ĻǸ϶۶ʱһӣ˵Ļȴ˻ȥ
ԱһСֱӳ˹
λ磬ǲ֪ǸˣڻĮסһߣû¾ͻ۸ǣҲǸǿǿͷӣЩ˻򲻹ǣÿ뵽ĶǸˣʱû¶۸𣿿ϧ϶ۣȴֻܰװ׵ѹ
Ļո˵꣬ͱ϶ۺݺݵһơ
˵ķݶ˭ˣ
⻰ҲˣǸ˻ǰ϶ۣǿɶĺܣԼԲܹټˡ
˱һס϶۵֣ʮֿ϶˵ĺˣҼҪƾʲôô۸ˣѾ㣬û뵽Ҫһֱѹ㣡
ֻԱߵĺͮȷʵһӽԼߡ
˵һĹҪҵ𣿿ΪʲôҪϵѵƭҵģ
ЩͮʱЩˣϾ֮ǰǴӦԼһ춼Ҫȥˣģ񵹺ˣҪһ첲ˣôܹԸأ
⻰֪Լںͮȴһס֣Ҫ֪ʱЩ飬ǿǲܹ˵ֵģһеľ㶼ˣ˽ҵӦ֪ҶЩĴҵŮˣȻҪף
ʵͲµӶԼ˵ͮҲǰԼеıԹйˣʵûб˼
ԼǽȰҲͲԼġ
Ǳ΢΢ǣЦ˵ֻΪ˿һˣȻ㶼ô˵ˣҪٶ˵ĻЩͨˣ
˵㼱æ˵һߣ֪飬үǶԼһʱԼǧҪࡣ
Ů˵˽ԼжʱоһЩοϾԼǳ뷹ġ
϶û뵽ˣԼǮƣһҪԼĺ飬Ǵûм˼Ȼ໢ϴ󣬿϶صһ棬ղıԼҲʶˡ
ֻǸУҲǴģȻĻԼôҲһֱѹ³ᱻǸԼи۸
Ǳ˵ϾңҪǿˣټô꣬һֱռΪԸκ˷ʱݣֻ»ὫɱڣϾЩ໢ģһǧҪ˵Լأ
ʵ϶ôҲΪ˱ȫ֮ߣʲôܹԼܵԼеĶԸɣ
ʱ򲻹ǣ϶۾ԼͬھʱóźͮЩߣ鱾޹أοҪϽ
˵ŵĹȴͻȻһЩˣǿ϶۵Ļ汧һ·ȫЩǮƣʱЩǮۿ
Ϊ׵Ĳˣ֮ǰ϶˵Ǹһֱѹģֽжˡ
ϼһ㻹ﳭôǮƣѵģĮϵĹӦҲ֪ģǮǸýҵȻĻϣ㻹ðһٰᣡ
˵һС׼ߵ϶۵ǰȻǮƸ϶Ͻݺݵĳ˹ȥʱǸСܱʾϵˤڶѪ
ǸסˣҪ֪ƽʱĻ϶ҸӾǿѵǳʲôҩǲ˰ɣ
˵ͷǷʲôӣֿʼЩƤˣǼȻĻҾ͸ɣ
˵㳯ߵһʹ˸ɫǸױһӴϷ
Ȼһһӡ϶۵ߡ
Ҫ֪ǰǸûô϶ۣС
˵ͷӽˣǵҵĻû𣿸ϿǮùȻĻһøʹƣ
һ˵ţһ׼ȥǸǮ˹û뵽϶ȴǺݺݵĸһȭͷϾǿ׳ֻ˼ȴǸ֮ǰСһ㣬ݺݵĵڵϡ
ǰѼиŭֻۼȫȻ϶ʹ˹
ֻǮû϶ȴʱһָֻץ˹ȻݺݵŤһӽˤڵϡ


446 Ҫ
ǰΣסˣǸҲסˣֵĲǱˣ֮ǰưӣû뵽ôղ϶۲ǴЩǮ𣿿Ϊʲôְֳ϶أ
ʱ˿̣ϵĶʱЩˣ⵽׷ʲô飿
˵СӣǮƱˣΪʲôҪأ˵书ӣӦҲᱻ߰ɣ㵽ʲôˣϿ˵ҶɲǺ۸ģҪվߵĻʱݹҲ
ĻʱЦ˵ҵǮƣôҰǮƶˣԾȫʲôܳҵǮƣ
ЩǸˣҲˣͻȻܳСӾվǸ϶ߵġ
û뵽϶ˣȻ˻飬Լƽʱ۸ģҿ˿СǾһԼ޷ֵġ
Ͼ϶۴ˣ뻹ǲҪĺãϾֻΪǮƶ϶ߣҲһվҪĶȫߡ
ǱȻߵǰ
Цݣ˵λС磬ûʲôϵ㻹ǲҪˣϾЩǮѾ϶ۣǾǮˣҴҲĶֱĶ˵أ
֮ǰ϶˵ģǸЦӯӯģֻµʱЩ飬κ˶Ҫ˾
ȻʰˣȻǲκε棬Цſ˿Ȼ˵ǲ˼ҵǮƽλ磬ǾͲǱߵģҸģ˸ˣҿǲưոݵģ
ʱһԵĺͮҲæ˵˻Ϊʵǿȥˣ̫ҪԸҲЩ죬֮ǰͳûôӴӢʸԻסҲЩ
˵˼֮ǰѾ˵ˣЩǮƣȫҵѣȻ϶۵ģƾʲôߣֲǸǮҪǸҲȥȥѽ
еȫվ϶ߣʱоûӣŭػصСߡ
ָЩˣغЩ˻ǸҪ֮ǰǺúǲҪĻݹҲˣֵǽЩǮȫߣЩҲŴ뿪˻Ǹ໰ŮҲץȥҪúõĽѵѵ
߳ŭǱСǶ˹ĸǸ϶۵СǶԴǶ̫࣬ټƽʱѵҲãûͰ϶۵Сȫڵء
ǼС׼ʱȴû뵽ֻǴӵϼһϽĸӡ
СǸ׼ȴʱӺݺݵôϣȴֻо첲·ϵһ׼ǰʱȴݺݵôϣСֱܱӵɳ̲ϣˡ
У˵ҲЩ־ûа취Ͼǵϴ˵Ļֻ·ϴһͱ
ϾϴĺݾҲǼġ
Ҳ˲ֱǰȥȴȫһ׷׸̵˶ǰһ˵ǼСܣȴ޷֪Щϵ㣬ֻû޷ټսˡ
վһԵĶǸжʱҲסˣû뵽ȻôȻ֮ǰѾܵǿĹҲôá
ȻҲ̲סˣղŶʱһҪȫǱ㽫Լ·ȫ˺
Աһӣű㳯ų˹ʱڶԸЩСܣҲѾоһ磬˲˹ȥȻĻӴϣֻ͵ƫ̱ˡ
ǸУʱз
ľȻҴӱУԼˣҪΪǼԼͻ
ȻǶ˾ϲģȻôϲҲúõ棬ݹˣ
˵㽫ԼϵǸӺݺݵĳżкһȥҪ֪Щ˵ȫǼܹҲ㣬ԼȾ˵ʲôطȥֻвѣҲ군
ȻǸбʮǿ׳ӣǶʱ֮󣬻鴤һӵڵϿ°ĭЩˣ
Ҫ֪ǿǶǰóһ󽫣˵۸ˣܼæ˹Сܰͻȥ˵
ʱԼߵ˳ǰҪΪԼֱҪ֪һֱٵʱ򣬼Ϊȷ棬ˣȻȷ˿Լֶǲˡ
Ǳ㼱æߵ˳ǰдɷӡ
ļһ֮ǰҶһ̣Ȼİ˸ˣҾԲ㣬죬һҪ֪ʲô
˵Сһʮֳĳǹ
濴ȥȴͿĨһЩûв˵ȷʵһЩۣǱǸеĻʱֻϿ϶жȥһƤֻҲᱻɱ
֮ǰ˵ôǹȴļʶˣֻİϣȷʵһ𽺵ĵطץס˱㲻ᱻĶظմȾˡ
Ҳûк£ֻǵЦЦ֮ǰֻ˵ôۼ˵ʱЩȣȻЩΪʲôҪЩЩٵĶ
⻰ǸסˣʵҲԼôҲǾ˳һĺգƫƫѡ·Ϊ˱ģΪܵ˲ƽĴֻпܹ⡣
ˣ˳ǹų˵׻˵ĺãٹƽĴǴҲǻһЩ죬Եֱʹ죬ᣬǴҲԻǿ˳ֲˡ
ô˵ӣˣȻĻҲ˵Ľ档
ͷ룬˵ȡ֣վ˵ĵҲûκεĴ
ֻܹˣվҪܵ𷣵ġ
ˣˣΪһˣԲܹ;һЩյԸǰ϶ǿİɣ֮ǰȻ˼ҵĸ첲˼ҿǶ˵Ҫͺˣ
˵֮¶һЩӵ˼
ôǧܹ̫գȻĻվǻɱ֮ģʵԼ֮ǰγˣϸ뵹еö˴ҷûа취
û뵽϶۾ȻԼ֮ȫ֮¶ȫһɱ
Ҫ֪һʮ顣
ϾѾȥôˣ϶۽óΪҪЮĸ֮۸϶ۣʵΪ˱ľ飬ܹ˵ġ


447 
˳ǹȻָ϶ۣŭ㻹ǸˣȻ˵ñ֮Կĸ첲ұһЩǷģܣԹˣ
˵˹϶˳ƶ㿪ҿһƵԱߣȻĻֻǸӳǹѾһĸ첲ϡ
˵ĳҲʵ̫ݶ˼Ѿòм˿㾹ȻǲϷŹȻѾ˾·֮ϣҲûҪټ㣡
˵Ҳ˲æԼߵǸ
Ͼ˼ҵĳìԼǼֱг޶̡
ûʱ͸оЩ֪ˣΪֻԼʵ̫ˣǸĶǾǱȲϵģ˱Щ·硣
ԱߵǸ϶ۿУʮֵĵģͻȻ֮ͿһɫĶ
Ǳ֮ǰӱһѰɫĳѳǱĻظǸìҲЩȽϣ˱㼱æ˹ȥȻ󽫱ùֵݵ˳
ӹ˳ֵĳҲǲˣæӶǸ
ǶʮֵվĹǱ˲֪ٱֻⱦ֮ϾѾմ˶гìľ綾
뵽ͻȻԼĻͳһҲЩصģõôۿŷھҪ䵽ϣȴû뵽϶һӳȻ
϶ĵȥʱзŭһ˹ʱ̴ȥֻǸìĵڵϣЩʣôӱǸˡ
ʱæ߹ȥȻ϶۲Ѿ³˺ɫѪж
ǧҪ˵ҾͰ͵ҽԺȥĺˣҽԺô߳ҽ϶ܰȹģʡһЩ
ɲ϶Ա׼ȻŵȥҽԺＱȣ϶ȴЦҡҡͷܾĺ⡣
ΪôѾ㹻ˣοˣԺ۸ҵЩˣҪл㣬㵲ҲӦģϾǰæ˵ĻֻҲܹҺϲ
˵϶۱㳯ԶڵϵĶЦЦվһ
Ϧͣͮٴ·ˣǣǵȴӿȵģǲ֮ǰĿ֣ǳȻѾӦ˺ͮҪȥɳ̲ˣȻҲҪ˵ġ
ܿ죬Ǳɳ̲֮ϣɫɳ̲ɫĺˮӳԵøɳ̲һȺһȺˣͮʱղŵĲȫ֮ԺȻų֡
ȻѾ϶۽ЩˣҪһ㣬ǧҪЩ飬Ҫ֪˵ҪһģΪ飬Ͱ֮Ժˣ˵ǲأ
֪ŮڰοԼҲʮֵķŵÿʱͻˡ
ǹһºͮСӣЦŵͷˣðɺðɣȻѾӦ㣬ˣȻҲҪ˵Ұȫǣ˶ģ˵ɳ̲ô棿Ҷģ
˵Լͮжʱ˿˻һ㣬æ֣ȻһӾµԭǸղų̫żȻӾӾ㡣
ո˽ͿһЩȻ毺õŮӣʱ񱻹סˡ
ԱߵĺͮЩˣݺݵýŲһĽѾӡ
ĵëǲˣ㲻˵۾ֻôȥЩŮҪӵĻҿ˰
Ȼ˵ʵͮ滹ûе¶֪Ǹ׼үǶֻһʱŻˡ
ڸЩӣæҡҡͷ˵ﻰֻǿϴӾ£һҪʱҲиѽɱ룬ҿɲˣ
ȻҲɣǺͮͲһʶҲֻͣЦŵͷ
ֻӾӾǸ˹ɲŮòæЦҪ֪һԶһԶģôĻ治ӾӾǴҾ͸õģ
⻰ͮʱ
ԱߵĳֻǵͷɫȻЩ󣬿ȴҲ˼ֳ
ΪӳԼʮֵĺãҪȸղŹȥǼŮĸԺͮһʮֱ¶ģҲǰȫչڳǰӾ¡
Լõȫչ˵ǰԺͮʮֽسʵ㿴Ӿôûаҵĺĸȫ¶
ͮӣʱѾӾŵøϽסȻææͷǰٶˣϾһطǺеѽ
ƵӣͮʱҲǹЦֻò˼ק֣Ȼæ뿪ˡ
ոս뵽ˮ֮Уʱһʮ׺͵ĸоȻԼ·һһֱǧҪߵ
̫ˬˣҺþöûݺˮˣһҪúõһ棡
ͮˮ֮УȻһӾȦȥģһпڳ۾·ԼǰһƯ㡣
ʱ㱻סˡ
·ǿ˳Ǵ񣬺ͮչֳ
ںˮӾһ֮󣬱˰ϣΪ˰壬ȻʱʲôģϾӭ˵ĸоҲޱˬġ
ɳ̲ϵһұˣ
ͮʮܵɳ̲Ǹɹ̫İϣĽҲֻһԼææ뿪ˡ
Ǹĵط嶼֮ǰӾµһȴһ༫Ůӡ
˫۾һ£ʱԼо¼ȥᷢʲô㼱ææһ׼ȥ
˵λ˧ߵôʲôҶûиǮأѲһܰѽ
û뵽ǸŮȻԭղžȻǮ
ֻЩεЦЦ׼Żȥû뵽֪һ˺ȵģ͸ǸŮһơ
ǰѳˣҪ֪ƽ˴Ůˣ˾Ȼ׵ľʹŮˡ
û뵽£ǸŮȻԼգȻ˵ȾˣΪʲôҪôࣿ˵׬ЩǮˣ
ͨҲˣŮǸӡ
ǰϹòúõһŰײ˾ˡ
Ļ֮󣬶ʱӵı׽Ļȫӵɳ̲ϣȻִغǶҶ˵׼ɳ̲ͷ¶棬ҼǮأҪΪ˴ż򵥣ȻЩСˣ
ǰǸŮԩˣֻ˲ᣬȻ󽫻˻û뵽Ǹȴʼվ͸ӵһԡ
ԩң飬Ѿ޵ǼȻŮˣߵĻôܻ۸أ
ԱߵŮ˵ĻöеŮ˵ƯǵŮҲǸġ


448 
Ů˵ĻõȴǸݺݵһƣһƱһεĻҪ׺ˣΪŮ˵ѾһѪ
ֻǸȴԾɲϷŹŮˣǱٴγ˹ݺݵĸţû뵽׼ȥʱ򣬸оϷһʹУһӱˤڵϡ
ԭҲȥˣǸĽŸק
߹ȥǸŮ˸Ůʵ̫ˣҪǲһѵĻҪˡ
û뵽ͻȻ·ɱҧǸǰЩ۵СӣжʱŭѲǸԼõС
ʱŭڣԱһ壬ȻݺݵˤϣȴˤƬ
ʱҲױŭˣֻɺ۾ݺݵصͷת񿴵˫۾ŵû˶¡
׼ߣȴݺݵһűߵɳ̲ϣűŪĸ첲°һĸ첲Ƕϵˡ
֮ǰ۲ʶ̩ɽ㣬Сɣ
ֻɳ̲ϣͷݺݵؿɳϣϣĹ
ʵԼ֮ǰԼֻȻŮˣŮлôƽߵĿɾЩˡ
ڸʮϽģԼôŮһ𣬿վÿһġ
ãôƯžȻ֪㣬ȻҴҲΪǮ
ǻԼĻԼһ۰Ů˵ģΪŮĶԼá
Ҳ뽫ϾԱߵǸŮѾˣʮֵʹǿԼͨϹˡ
Ҹ㣬ˣڷ۸ţʱұ㽫Ĺͷж˿飬쿴ŵϣұ㣬һģһľٶ³֪ģ
˵ֽϵĹͷ˽˻ȥ
˳Ļ֮Ҳ֪ԼˣϽŵǰʹؿͷϴ
ʱǸŮߵ˳ǰЦųͷĶлˣ֪ôмźãһõĻ壬ùȥɣҵһЩ⣬ǧҪƴǣ
ԭղǸ˵Ļ壬õģŮһȻǰͲõĸϽл֮ŻȥϾֻͮһʲô飬ɳ̲֮ǿǶɫѽ
ĵ黹Ƿˡ
ȵص֮ǰһɹ̫ĵطȴӾС죬קźͮקȥ
˵Ů㻹ʶһɣ˵Լһû˼˵һһˣʱôǿɾ군ˣ㻹ߣǸ缸úʱһˬ죡
ֻһСźͮĸ첲Ȼ׼ԼԱߵһϡ
ͮʱݺݵĸǸСһƣȻ˵ҸǣϾˣøҹʱǵǵСҿǰǴԤ룡
˵ǸСʱЩף׼عȥһȭʱѾ˹ӵͷϣСʱ򵽺
Сʱ
ֻһ׾СӶѡ
ʱЩСԽԽˡ
Ӵι֮ǰһΪǸĽɫӣֻһ͵ñǸˮݺݵĴһٵʱÿ޵ˣ˵С㻹һ߰ɣҲʡõʱЩͷ
ӣЩСòȡˣΪǸ۸ģ˵ЩĻ
ͮղŵĶʱһܵĻ
ȻͮǸʮּǿˣ飬ȴҲ̲סˣĻֻҪЩСǸȻ̣ˡ
Ǹ򵽺С죬˿̲ͷ˹Ҫ֪Сϴû뵽ȴȻǲ̡ܹ
˵ĸģȻûңҿǲˣûֵܣֵɣ
ǳȴӵؿһۣǼɳ̲ϵСˣʲôˣ
Ϊǲ֪ǸСԼһʱݵĳӡ
ȻϺţ˵үҿˣҵϵǿɳ̲ĿߣеǮƵŮѣҲⱲĸ֣ҪĻҸ㼸ǧǮԸȥԸóԵģһ˾ͰŮѸͻȥһã˵ô֮ǰҵĳҲƽϣ
˵˦ʱݵĳԿס
ɵĸʵǲ˵ʲôΪǶֶûʲô˼
Ǳûᣬֱӱźͮ׼ȥȥ
ЩСʵû뵽ȻǴ̶ֳȣȻǡ
ʱЩȻŭˣ˳嵽˵ǰղǸñʱݳԿ׵С죬׼һȭͷ
ǳȴֻץסĸ첲ݺݵ˼£ǸСʱıʱԿ׶ڵϣӣǺÿˣ
Ͽҷſҿˣҿɳ̲ܵĶӣҪǸҶôĻʱϵҹҿʲô˵Ǽѵҹɲ⿴ϷģϿ춯֣
һߺţһ߳ǼСʾ⣬ǴӺ̵߽
⼸Сոճȴֻ˸ߣʱ㽫⼸ȫߵɳ̲ϣȻԼţ໵ĽǾܵ˳ôĹ
ʱ򣬳ŴǸСĶߣ˵ǳСӣˣϲֻǮһֶ£ҪûµϵĻⱲӶ첻õģָҵһ繷ʺô˸ҹȻĻҷ㣡
˵Ǻݺһƣһš
ǸղóԿ׵ĸʱЩСһڵϡ
ʱ򣬳§סͮĳų˵ĵطȥûʱȺСϾʵû˼
Ҫ֪ղԼǱЩ˸۸ˣͮת¶һӵ˼ǰЩСĲˡ
Ǵ磬ĸôôܾܲװ׵ı۸ˣҪǴȥʱôؽϻأ˵ڶᣬԺܻɲΪʱͱһֱżЦ
Ҫ֪ЩСǱĲУͦ¶ģֻһС⽫ŴȻϣʲôʱݳԿ׵ĸǳ
Ȼûӣֻ򵥵ʱ㱻ǵŭȼ
ţץһɳݺݵˤڵϣŶݺݵ˵ǷĺˣһҪҵĸ׸ֻһļһԼ򣬾͸۸ֵͷϣҿǲҪˣͻȥҪҸǱ߽Щ
˵㼱ææЩСȫʱݡ
ûǱ˺̲ϵһȻǸеǮһЩīıĴš
ҿСʱЩǸϽͷ


449 
ʱһܼģ˳˹һӱ㿴ͷϱɳ̲˺ۡ
˵үͷôˣѲ۸ˣҪ֪ңǿû˸۸ģֻүȥˣȫ˵ùܼҲֹܹģ
ô˵ǼүߵʱҲǷԸܼңһҪúտǼҵүү˸ܼȻǲܹҲߡ
֪ԼĸײڼңСǶʱһǵܼ˵Щ֮󣬶ʱô»лתء
ʵûʲôСװ˴ĺҵӣȻסܼҵ֣ܼһҪΪ㿴ұЩ˸ȫϾûһõطˣҵֵҲܹΪ֤
һ˵Żһ߽Լĸ첲¶˳浹ȷʵиӡӣԭ֮ǰСҪ۸ͮʱ򣬳ס첲ʱģǸͲʲô֢
ܼҿЩס
ֻĺĸҪģȻҶǼү¶֣ҿҪΪүͿ۸ҵͷҵں̲һǿ˸ұȵģ
˵ܼ˵ЩţҲˡ
ԭһֱǸزĴˣǰЩ꽫̲һȫȻһЩֽһЩֵĵط֮ǰĺ̲ǮǼҵġ
˵ǸЩϸǺڰͨ԰ɣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ܼ뵽һ飬㼱æסǼүȻʵ˵үҲɵͲҵں̲֮ж󣿿¸ˣӣ
⻰ǸСʱסˣû˵Щ˼ҸͲѽЩǰȻ󣬸ܼҵճ̶ȡ
ϱװίӣ˵˵ܼңɱˣû˵Щѽ뵽ո˵ҵˣʱǸ˾˵˾䣬ʲôû˵֪˭бµĻѽҿܰô
ʵ˵ЩʱСҲЩģô˵ѣһ׵壬Ǳ࣬ʱֻ׻Ƥ޳
ܼȴͲ²еİˣľΪ棬Ϊ˲Ǽүңǲ̵ġ
ֻܼȥȻݺݵĳǰһʯͷݺݴ˹ȥʯͷʱ㶼ˡ
ԭǼĹܼҲǸСѧϰġ
Ҫ֪ү裬ȫ裬ܼȻǲܹõġ
һץסС֣Ȼ˵үҾΪֻظȻүڼңҲͨˣΪǵϣصʱү֪ˣҲһͬģ
û뵽Լֻ˵˵ܼҾȻ͵ˣҲԼˣǸСȻϲãһѾס˹ܼҵ֡
Ҫô˵ĻܼĹܶ飬һҪúҽѵǸСӣǲ֪ʱǰҸ˶ǿ۸Ұҵֵܸڵϣ˵ɣ
ĻܼұЦŵͷȻֳЩǻ˻֣Ȼ˵ĹܸߣǱϾҪһЩȥģʱǳԼҲӦ
СǸǿļˣֱǼҵıʱݿ磬е˱㳯ɳ̲˹
ʱڳ˰ϲźͮĿģϾͮ˿ǿųʮ˧ڳ˰ϷԽҲЩԲϣԽ̻˵ʱһں֮ϣˡ
Ӵʵڲʵ̫ˣղſ˵ʱǾ̫˧ˣΪʲôҾͱô޶ۣҵԱߵ˹ƶڿҵЦˣ
ϾǸŮӣҶԳⷽһϲͨڳ˰վվȣͮʱЩԹ
ȴЦŽס¶һտʼʱҲʱȥʱĵı׵ģǺҲؾϤˣҪ˵˻ᳰЦ㣬Ƕҵأ
ϤĽ̵Ȼټһһĳԣʱͮѧˣֻ˵ʱǲǰȥ
ҿԣס֣һƬҶһں֮ƮţһһʵĺÿԱߵ˶ʱĽˣҲһ
ԼԽһĺˣͮ࿪ˡ
̫ˣĺ㲻ٻصˣʱҹƻį
ͻȻ֮ͮĵĻ⣬ԱߵĳҲˡ
ĺͮļȻЦ˵׻˵ĺãûвɢϯ˵Ҳû˵Ժ󲻻һѽֻǶݵ뿪ˣ죬ôЩĵ飡
ǰ˼ʵı۰ټǸͮ˲סһڡ
һ׿ɲҪ˲ûȥ
ֻǲ֪ʱһȺѰǣС۾ҲǺܼ⣬ûѾŮˣ벻ǾȻԼ֮Ȼ¶֮ˡ
뵽Сʹо͸ӵĶˣһʱָ֮˳Ĺܼ˵ܼ쿴û뵽Ҹ֮Ȼ˼滬壬ǲҷһҪúõĽѵѵ
˳ǼүָķǸܼҲǿˣȻһһŮʮָ˵زŻĳˡ
վΧ۵һЩȺʱҵˣŵøϽȥˣǺγ֪ҵôĲοطǵĵ̶
ֻһ˵ŮҪǸѵˡ
ʱһ˵ŮˣѾµֻ³ͮΣա
Ǹ˵Ů㼱æǸ˵к˵ڸϿȥǣǧҪɳ̲嵽һɳ̲صʱͲΣˣҪ֪ҵˣĺģ
ϾˣڳͮʮĽģԲܵ˺
Ļ֮Ǹ˵кæͷȻ㻮Լĳ˰壬ǸͮԾĳ˹ȥ
ͻȻһİкԼߣЩ֡
˵СһﰡôܵЩΣյģ˵ʲô𣿡
ͨĻ˵кó֪֮ǰڰ߲ŷ顣
Ǳ㼱æкͮ˵ֻǴ˿̲ܻصˣҵǣ֮ǰԸǸС죬ȷʵҵǸүǸܼҶҴһȺֻǻǲҲŹǣǳ˵ĺ̲ǾҲˣ
ǰк֪ҲǺģ鷳ѾҹˣԼʲôأ
ֱȥԣ˵ǵǸӻڰߣԼȥĻʱλؼңȻҪԸֱӱĻЩСɫûа취κֻԸˡ
Ҳкļ򣬳лôҶлͨ籨ŵģǵԽҰڰߣǲȥĻʱֻὫǵĳˣοҲǲ嵬Щ˵ģĺˣ
ˣԱߵĺͮȴЩĵġ


450 С
ʵڲУǾͰСֵ˵ģӱĵط뿪ɣǸӾʱ˵ʵǲ˶ǳһЩ飡
Ҫ֪ͮ»һЩõ鷢ԲóϿȥǰΪԼĵĺͮҡҡͷȻϾѾӦҪúõĶȹһ죬ܹЩԼ޹ص˴Լ顣
ߣͮѵ֪ı
ʹԷǹ֧ʲôģǶûа취κ
һקź֣ͮһЦ˵ʲô㻹֪ЩС죬뱨ѣǺοȥǣ֮һὫģ
ͮ˵һʱ֮䵹Ҳûа취ֻõͷӦ˱ں档
ȵɫʱ򣬳֪鲻Ҳʹźͮص˰ߣʱǸС죬йܼԼǣʱ㽫Χ
˵ܼ֮ǰ߶ʮһͰһҵֵǸˣȻѾˣǾһҪ˲ȻĻװ׵ǼҵĹܼˣ
˵ָųȴЩ־˹ȥϾ֮ǰѾʶˣɲǰݺݵһ٣ܶԶͶԶɡ
Ҫ֪ǼүһҲǸµⷬģǸܼҶʱҲˣҲǸʡ͵ĵƣһԼԸҪСһЩˣʡóĿ
˱ñΧΧȻԼվǰ棺˵۸Ǽү㣬ǿеԼۣ
Ϊ⸻ҲͰˣ뵽ҵĹܼҲǸһҧˣиЩѹˣԼĵĸͮһ棬Ϊʲô¶ô˶ĵĶ
ֻһ·ںͮϣϾϣϵķЩ
Ȼߵ˹ܼҵߣһǸ˵ֻ鲻Ǹӣ֮ǰ棬û뵽ǼҵСүȻ۸ҵŮѣҲܸģأôܻһٽѵأ˵Ҳƽƽѵ⣬˽Ϲˣ
ʵò£ҲѾ֪ؼһ֪˵һЩʲôĻ
֪Լ˵Ļ֮ǰǼү˵ĲͬǸܼ΢㶣룬ô۸ǼүǲеģǼүȣҲԸ˵һѽôܶ־ʹˣѵ۸û
ӣôұͲƴ֣Ѳɻ˵Ǽүֻǿ椳úÿûô㵹þȻȶȻҪĺÿȻĻôԵǼүأϣ֪֪⺣̲ĵط˵㣡
˵һȺԵıǶ˹ﻹž
ӣҲ֪Լڶ˵ûˣǵĻǾϹаɣǱЩڴϧЩڿȥһʮ׳ʵСƵġ
û⼸ڱ׷׵ɳ̲ϣһѽѽûϢ˻ȥ˼ҵڵʱ飬ֻܵı˭Ҳɣ
˵ЩûϢƽʱ׸ǳЩóԵˣ˹ؼʱǾ͵ӣһô˾Ȼ򲻹ǻ˼ﱣң
ԼıȫڵϣܼҶʱ￪ʼ֡
ԱߵǸͷͷȷʵԼǰأʮί˵˵ܼңɲܹأûмʶȭͷǱʯͷӲҪŵĻϾ͸ԣܹùҾ͸ˣ
ʵղܼҶȷʵǸеӵˣҲ˵ô
Ǳһ£Ц˵Ҫô˵ĻǿɾͻˣֻҪˣƺˣҽˣ͸𣿡
˵㽫ԼһȻӵ˵ϣͳһ˴̣ӦþǴ˵еɣ
Ҫ֪þöûмˣʱЩ
˵ⶫŪģҪеطĻҲŪһҿͦϲģֻһֱûŹȥ򡣡
û뵽ԼСȻǰСӸЦˣܼܹһҲ˵ֻ
ȷʵҲǣϾǴСͿʼϰ䣬ܼҵĹǲҲǣЩϾԼûʲôȻĻôһֱǳ⡣
ͻȻ֮䣬֪ͮŪһֽİӣһӵ˳Ȼ˵ôҲŸֽİӣ㲻
˵Դ֮󣬳˳ֶˣֵǸࡣ
ʮֵӦֵǸܼңͻȻԼԴʹԼ·ˣжʱЩʡ
Ǳ㼱æ￴ֵЩڴغ˵ǶѵҪ򲻹˻Ͽ֣뱻ѽ
Ļ˵꣬ЩƱҲò˹ϧҲԼ֪Ǵ򲻹ģֻεĹװǻӣձһŸߵɳ̲ϣȴһװ
ǸͷţԼ򲻹ǣȥõʱ⹦ȫģүҲ֪˶ѽԻһ˶Űɣ
ܼҸտʼǹŵ棬ʱѾǰĳԽԽûˣһʱ֮ϵĶӱˡ
ԼϾҪѵˣǸСŵ׼ϳȻߣȴһɳﵹڵϡ
ʱܼ֧һߵڵϣɳУݺݵسһڣǸǱӣԱߵȫЦ
Ҫ֪ô꣬Ҳҿ˳۵ˣݺݵһ٣ǸĳСӣҲҵСүǿ޶֪̣˶ٵŮ
Щ˻ԱߴĺŻá
ܼҶʱһߵɳﶯãų˹ǸĸǺݺݵһߣֻǸСһҲǸܼҵԱߡ
ʱ򣬳߹Ȼ˵°͡
˵ҲǿǷԼϹǺοţҴҵŮѺúõˣǶڰǸģҵ鶼òˣǵúݺݵĽѵѵǣǷ֪̻˵㣡
˵ԼĿڴͳһذף֮ǰ̸ͮǸʵҲֻŻŻ˰ˣĽǸɱˡ
ܼҸͶذ׶ʱŵЩ°ĭ
ǧǶ֣Ҳ֪ԼˣӦ۲ʶ̩ɽ˵ˣǲɮҲҪ棬ϾǼүؽϻ˵һ˵ģʱǸɱֻµ׷ɱ㣬ǿɾЩˣ
ʱܼҲҪѳɱˣһЩĵ˼
ԱߵǸʶ龰ʱιȥ
ҲûһʶϾ̫龰ˡ


451 ֲСװ
ҷҲУǱҿͷǸȻĻҲ룬ҲǵʲôʲôүүģǵͷǶ
˵꣬úͮ߹ϾС۸ͮġ
ô˵ˣܼҾǲΣձ㼱æүѡ
ȻĶ˵үҲˣʲô²òͷĺˣֻȨ֮ƣʱүˣһԲ˶ߣǱø˿۸ͷȻϸҲҪ¶ʵûʲôģȰҪģ
Ҫ֪Ǹ˵ͷǲԸģϵʲôˣ˭Ĺͷ
ܼҵĻ֮Ǿò޵ѾʲôʱˣҪЩʲôѲɵԼСˣʱɾʲô˵ˡ
Ż˵ĺãɽڣûգȹǰ˵ɡ
߶߶ãЩͷˡ
˵˵ʲôҪҪǸϿǿûôʱǺţ
˵㽫ǰذ׺ݺݵزڵϣŵֱܼקǼүɳ˳Ȼֹͮǰ
׼ͷǸʱȴԶǹ˿ܼҲ֪ˣӦǼүˣ˱΢΢תһ£קүǰȥ
ȻǸүӡ
ֻһȺŵˣүлһǹӦ˵ӵˣղһУҲѾȫ
ܼҴүܵүߣȴүǹݺݵ˦һӣʱܼҵĶ䶼ѪˣȴҲҷһ
ڼúÿү񵽺ã£˸˰ɣֻ˵ǻãϿȥҶۣ
ү˵ùܼҽǸߣû뵽ȴһӹĽ£ܵĳ裬һҪĸװˡ
ףҲǿˣȻôңѵҲˣҸղȻǸͷĻ˵жϥлƽ𣬿û뵽ȻЩ
˵ĸ׽´Ŀ
ղŵүȫУβ֪ĶܵеίֻԴȻ˵ͷ
ű˳ǰ
˵ں̲һһǱǰģȴԾɲӣźͮ׼ȥ
û뵽үŵЩŵˣһӽס
˵Сֺαżߣѵ۸ǼҵĶӣ۸ǼҵĹܼңͿ̤ȥľĳ۸㣬һȻĻĪ˵Ҳ㣬ұӵЩҲ
˵֣Ǽ˶ʱ㽫Χ
ǿϢˣȴ·ǿó˻ˣȻģԼҲġ
ֻߵǰȻ󵭵˵ҲĿģĶҵ飬ǲ˵Ļ˵ͷͷҵͷͷҲģ
ϸĴһǰɫӣģܾЩϤһʱ֮ȴּǲˣ˵ЩȷʵԼ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ԼطôãûһôҸԼˣأ
Ǹʱ˲ѣţɲܼҴֻ۸۸ˣĸ׽Ὣ˸ˣԼ￴Ϸ
˵Сӣ˲ܹ̫ȻĻԼ·ʱֻ»ĺܲңҲ˵㣬ʱҪȥ£ȻĻֻ㣬õĽԼȥ
˵תǼ˵ͷ
ȻףЩ˽սˡ
ǻûЩ˰γǹѾͳǹ⼸ȫˣʱʬ嵹һأųѸײڶ֮Ƴ嵽ǸǰǹԴϡ
׼ǹȴǰһиˣû뵽СӲ֪ҹǿǹҲ˵ľ׼ô˵Щ˶ŵģȻֻһӾȫˣֻݱҲǲ򵥵ġ
˵СӣǰɱˣʱŵҲŹģ㣬ңǸǴһӵģûǿˣҲʲôʲôˣý컹ǰҷˣ
˵ıֺվ·СӲҰôƵġ
û뵽ȷʵЦЦȻ˹Ҳ֪û˵໢İ
⻰ո˵ڣǸĶʱסˣ໢û˵Щ춯صĴ飬˵Լҵŵİɿ¼ҲҪġ
ΪʲôǰˣͻȻ໢أ
֮ǰ˵໢İĸ첲һʮִĵ̣˳ųĸ첲ڲ࿴˹ȥ治٣ѵǰ˾Ǹ໢İ
뵽ʱһ顣
˵үôˣ֮ǰͦôͻȻͳ鴤ˣʵںεͦģҲûôذɣҪҪҽ㿴
ЦЦӣĶʱӵ춨Լ뷨
ֻһ¿ĵɳ̲ϣңҲ֪ݹ٣ȻĻôȮӵأ˴
һǰǸˣĸôˣղŻֱ׳Ŀô͸˹ˡ
˵ϰǲӳˣôܸ¹أղ㶼˵Ҷܸ¹Ŀ㵹ãⲻǶҵ𣿡
˵˹û뵽ȴǸĺݺһţʱҲڵϡ
Ĵ˵۲ʶ̩ɽ໢İ㶼ǰǼҸˣڸϿͷǸȻĻСûҶû㣡
˵ǰĳ໢İʱǸСŵòٴιȥҲǼæͷ
С۲ʶ̩ɽдԺҲΪˣͷǸˣϣҪȥ
˵ҲסؿͷԱߵĸҲӣǹܼҲǶˣŵҲϽԱһʱ֮ɳ̲֮ϵȫͷˣ龰ʮֵ׳ۡ
ԱЩ˶æ˹ƽʱ۸۸ˣ񵹺ãǵõ˽ѵ
ͮ鷢չԽԽһˣԱĸ첲ҪǾ͸Ͽ߰ɣ㿴ΪԽԽˣʱٱ¶ݣһЩУǿɾͲˡ
˿ΧЩֵˣ֪ͮ˵ĵҲǲҪȥֻ»֮ģοղɱ˼ŵˣ˵ȶֵĿǱϾԼҲǽʵʵɱѽ
Ǳ㿴һģȻ˵ҾһˣԺǧҪ̲񣬲ȻĻɱҲҲûо㣬ŵЩˣͰҽ˰ɣӣúúõĹ̹̣ܽܽȵ̵ܽʱڶˣ
˵үһһƣźͮϵԽҰ


452 
ԶȥԽҰǸĶʱסˣȴֲʲôԹԣֻǿǰûгϢĶӣٴκݺݵĴΪԼŻᶪۡ
ԼЩǽЩŵЩ˵ʬȫ˻ȥҪϴһ
ο֪ˣݣȻǲҷˣΪ˵˭ҲǧҪȥ
ǸЩ˵İȷʵͷͦģԼȴǾԼĸ׺е̫ˣҲǵǹƥһֲǴᣬҲ֪ʲôлĻһѵǸСӡ
ֻ֪Ҫ֪ƣڳǰзݡ
εĺ̲֮ϣȴһЩʺѪҺЩҲҼһжгµĺۼ
ֻͮԽҰȴǿŴǾǸĮʱһ紵˽ȷʵøˬ
˵ǴӦһ죬Ҹһ顣
һ˵ͮЩˣϾ֮ǰŸԺúõ棬վȴô顣
һ߿һס֣ЩǸ˵˺ˣⶼҵĴһһϵġ
û뵽ͮȴֱӴн˸ת䣬ȻϣŽֱ˸ת䣬ֳź̲ȥֻ˸طˡ
ʲôǲѾȥѲɻҪٴȥһѽ
ǰһУЩˣŮ˵ʲô
ĻͮʱЦ
Ȼ˵ѾӦ˽һ죬ǽһֱΪЩ¶˵񷴵ǲܹúõһˣ˵ǲӦٻȥúõһȦأοΪղŵ飬Ҷû
˵Ҳ˳ķֱӲţֻɿسɳ̲ȥ
ûԽҰһɳ̲Աߣ˵ЩӻûôֻԱ߰˼ɹ̫Ӱˡ
ε̾˿׻˵úŮĺ뻹͸أ
˿ɫҲżȥϾȥҲûʲô˼ĵú֮ǰԼӦģҪһ졣
ֻӾӾ㣬˺ֻߵĺˮ·ǱߵҪһЩʱʱһЩ㻹к֮Ĵ߻
ͮںˮ֮ɵζţֱһһ㣬ʱۻҡ
ĳźȥҲǲˣƬεĴ󺣣֮ǰеķеĲˣͳͳ׵һߣֻ뵽Ƭˮ֮С
ߵĺͮҲˡ
ģҲ֪˶ãʱŰԽԽԶ
ȵʱȴѾγ˼ǧס
˵ôЩȥɣ㿴ɫѾˣһһûйˣƶҪʧˮ֮С
ͮʱѾ˺Զˣ㼱æų׼λȥ
ͻȻ֮ˮһɿζҺͮŻˣΪںˮӾЩӾҲ˵ֻǺˮİЩ㣡
˵ʲô˰ɣ
ͮŵüæϵӾȦȻ˳ı󣬵ĵ˵
ʵҲˣֻú̫ͮģȴֻЦҡҡͷȻȴ֣ɿصŽţ˱㳯źˮ֮ȥҲ˲ȥˡ
ͮĻȻû˵
ͷһȻɫ㣬ֻ¶ǵĺǵݺݵ׷˹
Ҿ˵ôı㣬㻹ڵ˵Ӧô졭
ͮһ߿ųɿζţȻһֱѵϾŮ˾һЩ֮лᵨӡ
Աߵĳֿɾûʱشֻĸ첲ɿĳ˹ȥûĹǾֱһСϡ
Щĵ뿪ʱͮŻһ
ҿղôζĿ죬ȻĻֻͳһвˣ
ʱ˵ⷬżæ󿴹ȥ֪һʲôС֮ϣϵһЩľ
һмҬ
ֻҬӵҲûȫ졣
ǿôźأλذȥֻϼѣʵڲеĻǽϾСס°ɣ
ͮһС˵СȴǼңСɳ̲ȴǸĽף棬ҲǺģһ϶ں˯ˣҲǲʲôģ̫ĻͽɳӸϣůůġ
˺ͮĻȴæҡҡͷΪ˵С֮ϣһ㶼һЩҰ֮ģһˣʱǶܿĹǻҰ޸ˡ
Գæ˵ɲΪһľɫͱסˣǶ˵⵺ʳޣ˭֪ĴڻǼٵĴڣ˵ʱָǺãԸ˻ҶԸҰޣ¡
Ȼ˵ɽԼǰذװ˳
Ȼʮ־ź֣ͮڵ߿ˡ
ôͮ˵ģֻ½ҹǻزȥˣֻܹСסһϡ
쿴ЩϣһЩө棬һһģƯҪǻǴ½ϵĻֻľûеģΪ˸ץûˣ˵ôţø
˵ͮ׼ȥץǸө棬ֻǽĸ»ᷢʲôΣգʱҲð֡
˽Сһ飬һɽ֮⣬ĵطȥˣֻɽһƬЩʲô֮߳ģʱǳŽţһٲϿɾͲˡ
Ҳûнȥֻ֮ǰոյ½ĵطƬʮִİŽҶӣȻԼס
˵ţȻ̧ͷǵҲǸкôϾûЩƽϵĶˣ۾ϸ˼ȫһЩõĶ
ͮһ˵꣬һ˫ֺʮ
ʵûдҹģʽǲòˡ
ȷʵ϶ϲסۣͻȻ֮䣬֣ԱһЩҲһЩ֮ģɲǼ䣬˷ӡ
Ҳͮɵֱӳ˹ȥȻԼذ׿ӣȻֱ˳ûֽЩȫˡ
ͮЩĳ߹Ȼѯʵʲô
˲ͷϵĺˮŽֻһС񷤵ʱ񷤣ȻȥϾסĻֻ²ҰޣҲᷢһЩõ顭
Ȼû˵ЩõʲôǺͮҲûȥ׷Ͼ˵ЩڵܿСӣȻǻϲģϽͷȻһų
˵ЩʮֵСҿǸذȴǼģûͱôһҺͮҲɣ˲ЩЩȫһӵһˡ
ͬŬûǸСС񷤱ǵǰ
쿴񷤵ʽΣ˵ϵǸЩ󣬶ЩҲǱȽСģӦǿںƯģ˵Ѿˣغܹܿȥ
ͮԼǸӣ࿪ˡ


453 թ
ȴЩģϾǸղʱ㣬˭֪ȥʱֻ᲻ǣ
ϾǰĵطֵܹĻһˣŻˡ
뵽㼱æֳּ˺ͮỴ̂ʲôȵǸ񷤣ΣҲҪԤֻڴӺӿʱݺݵĲ嵽ǵͷϣǻҲң
ͮƶǶĵͷʱǸľʹϵ˺档
˵Ҳ֣ڰϿȥôÿӣ˺ƽȴȵģͮæȥȷʵ³һ㣬վûˮС
ԼĶ˵ףҲ˵ź֣ͮ˿ʼۿŰԽԽ
Ȼǲһģȴʮֵ̣ⱲӶ˽ġ
ֻͮ۵ϲ
Աߵĳȴʱʱ̵̿Ķƽ棬ֻܾǲô׾ͷŹǵģȻ٣ǵǸˮвߵʱͻȻ˹
һذһǸ񷤣ݺݵľֱӲǸĶһԼͬ鱻ǸŪˣ׼ȴһذҲɱˡ
Ϊط֮ǰǸɳ̲̫Զֱ֮֮УʱǸɫĺƽӿһɺɫˮ
ϵĺͮǰһУ˿ȴǾþûлع
ˣǼæеذϴɾˣŽӵ뻳УȻο˺ˣǧҪģԼѰ·ǵñҽǸնɱˣǺûٴˣϿ콫񷤸ߡ
Ļͮ˵ͷȻ˼˿ʼûĹǻص˰ߡ
ƣһӵԱɹ̫ϣȻĿ˿ЦЦ
ղŻˣıϵףʬҲҲˣ
Ÿղźյӣýҡ
ԱߵĺͮȴʮֳݵĿǰˡ
Ϣһ֮󣬳ŸͮԽҰȻֻǸƽϣȴýƣģʱҲЩһЩ
ȵǻصʱ򣬼ѾǺˡ
СǸո˴·ϣȴͻȻһ֪һԼײ˳ϣȻֱĵԶ
濩һ£ղûп죬ֻ˹թԼ
ԱߵĺͮҲǿˣͣЩĵ˵ղǲǿ̫ˣײˣǿһӰһӻεһԣôǺã
ϵһЩȫȥҡҡͷ
ĺˣղҵĳĺûмҪû´ĻֻЩɵģһ˵ʱֻžͺã˵ҵҪ˵ʲô
˵ͮһ˳
ʱͿһڵϣ˵װźصӿǳóһ˶ûУ˾ɡ
׼߹ȥʱȴͻȻԶʮˣײʶġ
еһŮܹȥ󺰴˵ҵô£ôͱ˸ײأǧҪѽǼﻹĸҪ𣿶аʮĸ
ЩǽͮŶסˡ
ӣֻǲǮĻǲȥˣǳƫƫͲаЩɵԽԽˣȻĿŵľײײ֮˵ǿײԼ
ȻֻղǸ긾ŮĨһᣬʵ˰Ҳûп޳ֻӰˡ
ȴǸ׵ߵ˳ͮǰָűӱ˵˵ϹǵҵĴߣ㿴͸ײˣڵϣֻˣǱǮȻĻ첻Ҫ߹ȥ
ԱΧǵЩҲʹĵͷ
ǱˣȺҲǰʲôˣթǮֱѰ·
Աߵĺֵֻͮòɿ
Ǳ㼱æԼǮ󣬳ʵǲ֪ҪǮأǸӣҲȥҽԺԸҩͺˣٿǮ
ʵ涼Ǹڵϵ˸ڼװѣõĺܣֻȥĻһ˻ģ
Ҫ֪Ըǿһ㶼ܷģȻĻץ˰ѱʱ˵ǾԼˡ
黹ӵģͮԸǮʱ⼸˷ǱӲˣǸ긾Ůֻ߰ͷȻû˵
˵ڴҪأٿǮʲôģǼҵҵײòʡˣӦȥҽԺȫļŵ͵ͼǧǮ˵ˣǲҪһЩʲôӪѻоʧ֮ġ
ֻһؿţ뿴⼸˵Ūʲô۶ӡ
ֻͮ˵ǵļ֮󣬶ʱסˡ
һ䣺ҪǮ˵ɣ
ΪͮЭˣǼ˸ӵűˣǸ긾ŮȻһƨԱߵǸϡ
Ȼĳ⳥ǣǾͼ򵥶ֻҪǮͺð죬ȫ̸ǮģҲǶѽǿųҲжãӰɣǮˣҲǼƽϣ
ָո˵ڣͮǺ޲һƽǶڵϡ
ǸҪˣֱʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ʱһֱû˵ĳȴǽͮԼıȻߵ⼸˵ǰ˵һ䣺ҪǮûУǸϽҹ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֻǵ˵䣬ǱЩˣȴһӣǴûмôƵˡ
ȻѾǵˣôô׾ٵľͷأ
ֻ˵Ǳȸղſࣺ˵λСҲǹҪթǮֻҪǮأȻҲᱨҲõȽĶãȻĻȵˣֻҪǮøˣ
ǰŻͺ޲һưȳȥ
룬ȻôҪǮԼβһأ
һӻ뵽ˣԼǸмǮ
Ǳ˳ǵǰһӣһȺ˶ʱӶ
Ҫ˵ǮĻСүǲȥƾʲôҪأǲ˵ҸײˣҪײĻЩǮҲͰˣڻпֻǮⲻѽ
˵ֹ⽫ǮŻԼĶ
۳ŵѼôܾˣǼ˶ʱЩצˣǸǶʱЩסˣǮóȻܹŻȥʲô
üĶӣҸǣǲǮҲǮȻĻݹǲЩҲӦǼˣֻˣʱɱǲ˵ײ˾Ĳǣ
׼ˣʱЦôô˼
˵λ㣬ܲķȥƭǮɵҶˣ⳵װƵģǲŵĻȥƵʱǲλҵĳײ˹һû˵ײǮˣ㾹Ȼ͸ҪǮ
˵׼źͮϳȥЩ˿뵽ǸǶȻһӰԼ


454 ͦ
ʱͲסˣֻ˸ߣקǸǶֱӵ˵߸ϣͷϿһ
Щ˿ŮˣǸЩצеļȻóһЩǱȴǺݺݵһȭͷϳԵķ³ˡ
ûѴ֮⼸˱ȫ׷׵ĵڵϣһʱ֮Ǻÿġ
ԼֵȫڵصʱǸɵ˱׼û뵽ȴһźݺݵĲ˵ϣ۾ʱ򣬾Ȼ֮ǰǸײԼĳ
˵λ磬ڵҲЩֵܽǣǿΪֵˣǲӦһ£˵ĴһֱڵװǱҵĳѹȥˣȻҽѹҲǿǮģҪǲĻ;ˣ
˵㳯￪ĺͮ˸ɫֻ㻺س˹µҪȴΪһֻźݺݵؽ
ԽҰ˵ֻһ׵ʱ򣬵Ǹͣ
ͻȻ˵ĿȶطһЩˮԭ˱ˡ
λԺҲˡ
ֻڵϵ˴İţԱЩæҲæ߰ǧҪȥֻΪǮưˣĲֳʲô
ǳȴЦЦǲϲײҰһôֲˣϲԼȥײһ죬óײˣǲǮˣ
ЩɵԽԽˣҲһˣֻЩ˵⼫ˣɾȻҪ١
ǵʵˡ
еȫԹԵĹڵϡ
ͮǽЩ͵ǾǸأǸܾ֮Щ
ͮȻ㼱æʵ
Ļ֪ͮǹڶЩˡ
Ǳװԥӡ
ô˵ĻǾͰȫǸȥɣؾͻЩģ˵ҲʡԺײײȥģҲΪ˳ˣ˵ǲǣ
֪Ҫȫ͵ֵʱЩ˶ʱˡ
λǰɣҲһʱˣʵǶũ񹤣򹤴һû뵽ˣǸϰȻǮǣûа취Ҳֻܳ²ߣ㿴磬һֱɻµôܻᴩˣ
˵óϵЩƾɵ·
һһЩˣ֮ǰɻǸȫǵı˳
ϸļһ£ȻЩӦũˡ
֪иϰǷǵǹʲ˵ˣǰȥѰҵʱ򣬾ȻЩڽЩũ񹤸˳Ҳ͵˵һ궼׸ˡ
ϾҪ˻ؼҵʱˣȺũûа취ҲֻЩɵ⣬û뵽һξȻ˳
﷢ԺҲˡ
Ǻͮųеǹɼᶨ񣬾ѾˣֻҪȥ¡
ŵǴɳ̲ϻ֮һ飬˹ǲˣѾϰˡ
˰ˣȻǵĻҾͲˣһҪӦңúõң
ͮ˵ֱ꣬ߵԽҰĸʻϡ
ѾͷӦôľͬˣˣæЩũ˵ǷĺˣϣҪֻһϿңϰҾͽʰˣǵĹʶҪ
ô˵ҸղųĹҲǼʶˣİأԼĹʣ϶ܱҪġ
Ǳ㼱ææղڵϵǸװƺƵųֱ֮ǰɻǼҹ˾
ҹ˾ıȺũ񹤶ʱ˾ȻָǱŭȺ֮ǰϰ岻˵ˣǵĹʣ첻ˣǱˣ
֪ŵǵ֮ǰЩ˾ͳʱ絹ڵϡ
ŵøϽˣǳǰ
⻰˵ĵ˼ƾʲôű˵Ĺʲأ֮ǰҵҲ˵˾ҲǸҵôܹ飿
һ˵ţһ˱ǰ
ǰϵĴ磬ӦòȺũģֻˡ
뵽㼱æ˵˵λС磬Ҳũ񹤣ֻ㣬ûʲôϵҲͲҪˣȻĻʱǣǿɾ˵ˣ
˵Լеĵ
Ҫ֪ƲϵľֿŹԼǸǰúõİͽͽᣬ;Լǳˡ
ֺٻˣҲ
⻰˵ĵ˼ǿѺű˵Ǯˣ쵹ǶһԣŲֱޣ
ԽԽҪжı¡
ܵĻ֮ʱסˣǰСͦйģԼɲǲũ񹤣ôԼ˵Լ͵øÿ
Ǳֱӽ繤ĵˣȻ˹
ЩũСӳ˿Ǳ㼱æѡ
ǳЦЦߵߵľոҪʱԼݺݵסĸ첲ôľǽŻˣʱǸڵϱȷʵöˡ
֮ǰҾ˵һŹȥЩˣ˵ҪǲѹǮóͱҲ
˵ݺݵؽƵ˵ϣ˸ģƨĳŹ˾ȥ
ǰͲСû뵽ĹôҲͲҲĻˣæһдŶ³
ȥȴǸֵĶ³ﱧһЩ飬ⱣŵøϽתȥ
˵ôǲûڸȻŶ룡
һʰ·Ǹ³һ߳ĺԼյߴǱľһ¾͸ˡ
ǸǺߵĲУæԼ·ŸϽ˳ȥ
ϰǱ㼱æܹȻ˵³ҹҲ磬ֻôǿһȺкѹʻǣ
˵Ȧũ񹤵ʱ³ֱû£Ͼ֮ǰȺ֪ôѾһˣԼ˽Ǵ򷢳ȥǾȻˣٰһᡣ
Ǳǰһ裬غһڣȻڵϣǲôϲ
˵ôôѺأ֮ǰҲȹζüˣ̵ĸϽȥһһˮ
ǲ֪ôˣϾǲҳȥģϢûдʱǸСٰԼˣĿɾ̫ˡ
űǸӣ³ܻԼô˸ôõĹѽ
Ǹӣˣ㵽²ȥЩ֣ЩũǮȥˣϴβôģѲɻǰȥ𣿡
˵ԼеǮ
Ǳȴæҡҡͷ³ֻεûôˣΪ֮һʮղõԸû뵽ֲ㶼š˰˰˵ֻǿ֣ܹƷ𣿡


455 ж
ôˣǹ˾û˳
ͮߵ˳ߣȻ㳯ʮֵĵʵ
Աϵĳҡҡͷֻûô򵥣ĺˣҼȻѾȻҪȺֵܽǰǵĹʣȫҪȻĻһɾͰ׸ˣ
ЩЩũ񹤶ʱжˣҪ֪ũǿǴЩ˿ġ
ڻվƱʱĵǣЩ˿ũ񹤾;ƭӡ
ҲΪʲôǸϰǷǹʵԭɣ
ֻû뵽ܿǸ³һȺ˳ʱ򱣰ߵǸǰȻ˵㲻Ƕ³Ѿˣʲô龡ܸ˵ͺˣ
˵һ¡صƣǸŹ
ֻ΢͹Ӷ³ʱߵЩũ񹤵ǰȻװ֮Աǵӡ
˵Щô֮ǰҺ߹ǣǵЩǮǲǵģΪǵЩþͲã˵ǹ˾¥ѾˣǻȥϸĳһжٵѺۣһǮǣǻĸϿɣ
˵Щֱ˱˹ϡ
˵Щũ߼ˣҲǺݺݵսȭͷ
Աߵĺͮǳ㼱æԼ˹ȥϾԼҲǼ˵ġ
ŵĶ³ߴɣڵ㣬벻ǹ˾ôҵȻǷ˵Ĺʣһũ񹤵ĹʣϢҪǴȥĻֻǻܴģ
һ˵һóԼ΢¼Ӱǰȫ¼
Ů˵ĻǸߴûᣬǿòôƯŮǵһοأ
Ǳ㼱æվȻʹһ¡
ζ̫ˣ㣬㲻Ҫ֣ҪԸҵ鸾ÿ»㼸ʮΪͣô
˵һƣһϣͮԴӦ
뵽ͮȴϺݺݵ˿ĭ
ݺݵ˵벻ȻôҪͲҪˣǲӦҪ󣡡
ЩǸ³ʱ㲪ȻŭǴûܹ衣
׼סŮ˵ĲӣǳӺһӳ˹ݺݵһű㽫³ߵԱߵĵϡ
ķֵģͳЩˣ˵ЩǸ˾ЩθڣҪΪ˾Ķ³Ϳȫˣ㣬Щ̰۵Щֻû˾ٱѣΪʲôöˣ
ֻһ˵ţһ߱źͮ档
ǰͦСӣǸ³ʱЦ
û뵽Ķϲͣԭȫ񹤴򱧲ƽҴԸǣϹңǵңûõģΪ߶Ѿ˺ֽܴţҺΣ
ߴ˵ĵǲԭ͸̨̨
Ҫ֪Щֱʣ˸ҲӦģټŵЩ̨ȻҲ׸ȥҲͽѹҪ֪ǰЩ£ǲֹô࣡
ҸóĵǣļһȻǸ˫
ʱһũߵ׼ȥɱǧĴһ٣û뵽ûߵ³ߵʱ򣬾Ѿ߳һںݺݵһŽߵԱߵĻ̳ʱͷˡ
˺ˣȰǻǲҪ׷ˣҸߴǵǮǾ˴ɣҲûõģ
˵һ޳̳
Ҫ֪ڹϣǿһֱǧģȴֻ˰ӵ˵ϣɼݻ̶ȵжˡ
Ǵ˾֮ǿ˵һ̣ΪԵģֻǲ﷢ͻˣǽĻʱҲܽߴסֻʱ֮ıƴˣʵûǸҪ
ϣߴķ֣ЩǮȫЩũ񹤣ҲǻȥúõĹһ˼ææµµһˡ
֮ǰҲ˵Щũ񹤣ǽ췿ݽԼôߣǴˤˤҲûۣңǶǮġ
˵ˣЩ¥ûЩˣֻˣĸߴãȻЩ˵ѪǮ̰ˣֱˣ
ߵ˸ߴǰڱ㽫ס
ȴ˵˵߶³ҿ˵ķݶϣҸӣǮǸǲ
֪ΪʲôߴųܾһѹԼȴ˵
˵ģ룬һҪȥȻĻһͷŻ֪ҪЩũ񹤷ǮأΪǲֻǷ¥ũ񹤣һ¥ġ
ҪȻôЩǮȫסˣΪҲиǧĿ
ǧߴ˵ֻǾţһëȴԾɲ뻨Щ˵ϣǳȥҸƯС椣Ȼ˵ĻǶˬ
֮ǰҾ˵ҸߴǮǳ롭
˵껹Ƶسųһĭ
˺ͮҲͲסˣ˹ȥԵڵͷץݺݵײһ˱ֱεڵϡ
ǰǸߴŻˣʵû뵽ȥôȻôⱣѵ˺ܾõģ˵ҲǺܸǿģ񵹺ˣȻӾʹڵء
˵ЩˣǸҪҶĺĸ˵ˣǵðҸŭ˵ʲôôأȻ㲻뽫ЩǮ³ֻܸˣ
˵ԼĶͳʹõǰذס
ֻǸոհγǻӹ̫£ʱߴֵ۾εˣŵˣЩǰ汣סǰеһ㡣
˵ʵڵģ⼸ڵҲǻ㹦ģ˼֮ȴҲȫڵϸûʲôЧ
˵³ǾͰǮǰɣҪĴֻǰղģ˵ĹҲļʶˣôοΪЩǮԼ壬˵ǲأ
ⱣʱЩģµʱȰ̵
뵽ǸߴȴԾԲģֻǳһťʱӿһդеȫ档
˼ûмĻôŵĶ³ͷ֣ҵӱκ˶ʹǾͲҪˣҲԹңѾǻǹǷһһߣ壬Ǿ͵ɣ
˵ЦųǸһۡ
ֻ׼ߵʱȴͻȻֺͮҲ棬εεСˣе᲻ã¿²ܹҲֻ˿ڿˮ˹˾
ݺݵĳդ˹ȥذ׿ԾûãҲˣӦǸĸߴרҵġ


456 
ʱ֮ǰǸ˹ֺ˵Ӵι֮ǰ˵˭ǹţ񵹺ˣĻȲһˣǹĹʵúõĴţȹϼǶˣһ˰ǵʬȫǸϣ˵ġ
ĻʱЩũ񹤶
ʱ֮ǰǸװɵũ񹤳ų˵ʵǶԲסֵܣΪǵĻҲӵġ
ҲæͷϾΪΪ˰ծŻẦøһص
ȴЦҡҡͷ˿դ棬˵һЩ˴ȥģȴûһ˸ҹ飿ҲԿߴжˣ
ôźãѲɣҪﱻ𣿡
ֻͮҪһ˵ҲνģǾЩġ
ŴҶͷɥӣʱ˸ӣȴãϾԲͮ
Ժͮڳ˽⣬һ仰˵ʱ϶⣬ֻǲ֪ʲôأ
Ǳ˲֪ҶҲ˽͸͸ģܿңǲˣĬӣұѾ֪һ취ûеĻֻѾ￪ʼҰˣ
ֻͮЦų߹еû֮ǰôˡ
ǿԼİŮǰƯӣʱֲ뽫˵
˵˸⣬ȴãΪ˺㣬ҾʹҲˣһ룬ķӣܹôȳȥ
˵ͷ
֪а취ʱ򣬺ͮǺܸ˵ģǵ˵еԼйصʱ򣬳ȴַˣĺͮȻҲͲµһЩ񶼵ʲôʱ˻ڼƽЩʵ̫ûˣ
ֻͮ߹žĸһ⣬ʱסˣȻͮȴϺݺݵһڡ
һڽѵ㣬ⲻȴڸ㣬ΣҶվߵģʲô⣿ҶԸģֻҪҾͺã
˵ֱͮڳĻ
ԱߵЩ˿һĹ
Ů˵Щж
˱㼱æ˵Ȼ˵ĻҾͰȫ㣬֮ҲҪȷʵֻܹôȳȥˣ
Ļ֮󣬺ܹͮɵĵ˵ͷ
ʱųе˵ͮղǸӣͮе˶ʲôԻǿԿɣȻúͮӳȥʱٽش򿪣ʲôҲͺðˣҾӵʱռͮıҲųٳٲ˵
˵֮ЩͬȴЩ˷ԣͬǾѾû˷ˣԵ½ͮͳȥ֮ȴԾɻװ׵˷˻۱ϾǸߴĴ
˿̳ȴ˵һ޵еȴ⡣
û뵽ͮЦҡҡͷȻԼװһ£ֽԼıӸ
ȻĿǰֻ⣬ҲͲ˵ˣֻҪܽҾͳȥͺãֻҪңҸôܹǸš
ͮԸΪ˴ԼжˣѾ˾Բӵʱ۸ͮġ
㼱æſںͮĶ˵һϯֽǸƽذ׽Էһʡõʱӻ۸
Ҵ˿Ҳˣ׼ȫճķԸ¡
Ȼ֮ͮŭݺݵĳųһƣ˵Ҹʲôôװ״ҪѡĻԸѡһǮˣŸ̫̫ӣҵòҵζⶼǿܵ飬񵹺ˣǺˣ
˵ԳȭߣԱߵıҲǿʲô˼ҿųŹǸӣǲϷ
˵ڴ˼ʲôãˣȰ㻹ʵŰɣʡһЩûã
һ˵ţһߴ˸Ƿ׼뿪
û뵽ͮȴǳ˰֣ʾ
ôǰŮǸŮԼŲҪأҲЦĳѯʣ˵Ůʲô𣿡
ɫԵӣͮЦŵͷ
˵Ҳǰװ׵ĴţβȥǶ³ҷųԸղŵķԸǮҶԸģϾݵλôߣҸղһʱͿˣȻӾ;ܾʱҳŮˣҿ϶ô
źͮ˵ĸ¶ӣʱΪ棬ææͷϾղҲˣǼǸ³ֻǶѾͷϲɣ
Ǳ㼱æͷƨ߶ƨ߶ȥ˹˾
ʱĳͮӣЦЦȴҲͻȻ¶ʮյ
νȥõͦʱģǸʱ֮洩·˳
߽ȥʱߴպ˿ӣֻ·ôϲǰǸ飬ԵҲôˬ죬ʱΪʲô飿㼱æϡ
˵һúõĿǰɣǧǴӳģҪʱӿ챻Ǹˣ
˵ѾǸסǸߴȻģ˭֪ǸСһ᲻ʲôӡ
ȷʵû뵽Ǹ¶ʮĵЦݣǶ³ˣ֮ǰ㿴ϵǸŮˣǿǺڲѣ˵Ҫ汻ʱȻ֮ǰǸȭߣﻹڴţҪٸһλĻһѡ³ԲŻ³˵Щģ
⻰³ʱ濪ĻˣԺȫ֮ǰͮģƯǸģӳİװ׵Ĵȡ
û뵽ѾͷȻͬˣǿǺüˣ
Ҫ֪ߴҲǸɵӣթǱ㼱æһԿףȻݵ
ȻĻҾͰԿ׸㣬ʱȥŸ򿪣Ȼͬʹ߳
ǸĻ֮󣬶ʱ˼ˣ㼱æԿ˳ȥ
û뵽ߴȴЦΪһѼٵԿף뿴Ů˵Կֻ֮Σ
ʵ˵ʱ򣬳ͼæźͮ˵ûв´Ļĸߴ϶ùһԿףʱ϶̽ʲôģǧҪϵΪһǼٵģʱݺݵؽһ٣Ȼ˵ˣ
ȻвǺͮûа취Ͷϣɲи
Ǳ㼱æ˵ͷ
ȻǸȥûЦӯӯ˳ȻһԿףߵͮǰԿ
ǼҶ³Ļ֮ǿǸ˻ˣ㼱ææԿ׸㣬Ͽ쿪ųĸˣ
һ˵ţһ߽Կ˺ͮϡ
뽫Կ׵ݸģǺͮϸ֮ǰ˵ĻǲģӦһԡ
Ǳ㽫׼Կ׵ĳݺݵߵһԣļһ񿴵Կˣ֪ͽˣϿҹһȥ棬ϾҪȥҵĶ³̫̫ˣⱲӾŰɣûϢļһ


457 
˵Щ׼Կȥţû뵽ȻĴ򲻿ʱͮҲңҿղԼ˵ǷȻĻǸĴӸˣˡ
ʱ򣬸ߴЦ˹
û뵽ѾͷȻĵģҲ˽Ŵ򿪣ЩǧҪǶҪǳ
˵꼸˱߹ȥУｫŮ˸˳
˵Ǽ䲻ģͮûа취ֻð֮ǰļƻһܵĴӵĻ
Ȼ˵Ǹ߶³֮ǰҵĴôô£ɽҪȻȥСӣˣҲˣԺͻúõĸ㣬Щ˾ǶˣҲǻøղСӾȻҵԿף
һ˵ţһߺݺݵصһ۳
˵Ǹ³ʱ˵ĲУһ§뻳УȻͷ
ͲҪ˵ˣе˼ҶˣȻΪҵŮˣȻǻȫģãʱˣɲҪѽ
û뵽ߴͦģԾ̽̽ͮ
ͮǲĵֻĿǸӣܸ³ȣɣ߿иҪģʱŶ³³ɵʲôģҿɲֻˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ߹Щϵˣһ㶼ǽ۾ȫϣǺͮػߴţͮʵҪá
Ȼ٣˺ͮ仰֮Ǹߴʱ֮ǰ˵ȫ顣
æͷ黹ð𣿸򵥵ĺܣ˵˭㵱ˣ³ҶƤӲգһµģ˭ôϲأ
˵׼ųȥһںͮǺͮȴ㿪ˣߴʱЩסˡ
˵³Щ˰ɣΪҲ֪иĸϻģ˭֪᲻֮ȻĸϻҹȻҸˣʲô̲ţ˵æʲô
ʵ֮ǰͮʹ̽ˡ
ߴȻƴ֣ȴǸףһʮǿţ϶Բ
ǽԼĻԼԽǸŮ˰Ҳһ
˺ͮĻ֮ߴʱˣû뵽ôʱ򣬾ȻǸŮ˵˳ԭߴ֮ǰҵȫңǾʮֵȫȫ⡣
˵ҵѾ˼㣬ǲ֪Ϊʲôڳϰߵԭ򣬸ߴŵĻǿƴӡ
˵ͻȻ֮ʲôĺˣҪĽ˵ҵˣʱҾԲ֪ģ˵ˣҲ˾ģĺˣ
˵§źͮŹ˾ȥʱæźͮǸ񣬸֮·ôߡ
ո߽칫ңͮͱǸĸߴϣ׼Щ飬û뵽ͮȴڽʱѾһ飬ǱľǴһͨߴŵĵ绰
ͻȻ绰ˣߴæֹͣϵĶЩͷؽ˹ŵʱ򣬶ʱסˣȴҲֻðסԼ˵
ԭŴѽ֪ʲôڹ˾һЩҪæȻͻؼȥĺˣҽһȥԵǸ鼦ʲôСأֻһ˵ġ
˵һŻĻ֮㽫绰һӹˡ
ȻȻֵģǶĸϻʵ޿ˣȻĻҲ˵Ļˡ
ʱ֪ͮҪᣬȻ㼱æװŲӡ
ղô˵ģ˵ͲǼţ绰㿴ǸӣԺһ֪ôŸ۸أҿҪĻ˵Ҹô죡
һ˵ţͮһԵɳϣװƲֵӡ
ԼϲŮ˷ˣߴ㼱æߵߣһѽ§סİοĺҺܿͻ̫ŸҪ֪ϲģǿ㣬ʲôǵҴҵʱһ£ԼҵĶͷ˾ˣ
뵽ߴĻ˵꣬ͻȻ칫ҵžͱ߿ˣ˾ȻҵǸĸҹ棬ĸϻ
ֻ˹һѾסߴĶ䣬˵ļһȻƭң˵ʲôûС㿴߲㻹ʲô˵ģղ˵˭̫ţ֮ǰڼԭȫƭҵģ
һ˵Żһ߽ԼϴŵƤЬһӱȻݺݵĳĺ˹ǸߴղǱ£ȴŵֻȴǲһ֡
֪׷˶ãʱǸĸϻ·ͮڣǱת׼ȥͮ
ĺ꾫ȻϹҿǲˣ
˵׼˺ͮͷͮһӸƵɳϣǸ̫׼վû뵽ʱߴȻ˺ͮǰ
ȻǸĸϻ˵Ҹ㣬ѾܾˣȻҿôҾ͸㣬쵽˾ͽˣǾ͵ȥ飬ǲԸĻҲУʱŮҡ
˵תǸͮסĸϻ
Ҫ֪һֱװʮίӣͮȴǸ˻ˣҪľֽϾǳΪ⡣
Ȼ֮ǰǸĸϻ˵ߴҪʱʱֱ˿˺³
ᣬͮæǸ³ϽԿ׸͵ˣҲ˼Կӵ˳Уʱȫ˳ʱ³ϵˡ
ȻǸĸϻݺݵƵɳϣԹ
֪Լʲôĸϻʱ߼ˣԼĶӹ˾˳ȥ
Ǹߴӹ˾߳ʱǰͮЩũȫĹ˾ӿ˹
ͮ¶ǸʮֱӵʱܻŮˣȻƭңҾĲ㣡
˵㼱æЩֳȥǸͽ֮ͣǰЩѾǸѡòˣҲֻǰװ׵İˣ
˵㻹ǹԹԵ־ܰɣʵҲҪģֻҪЩũ񹤵ǮǣǱô򵥶ѣ
Щ˶ѾĹ˾ˣߴ֪Ѿ·ˡ
ֱѾ·ˡ
ʵûа취ߴֻĻƽũ񹤵Ǯȫ֧ЩũõԼĹʣˡ
׷׳ųͮл
ߴ׼ߣȴһߵڵϣˣԺҪٸĻʱұлһ첲
˵ŷӵˡ
ʱɫѾˣæͮһ׼ͻȥ
ȥסɣʵǲؼˡ
⻰ʱסˣҪĽѽԼˣͮ͸ˣΪԼϾҪˣŻѡӦԼɣ
뵽㼱æźͮ˵ǧҪΪ͸ҿˣ֪㲻Ůĺˣη벢õģʱһģһҪң
˵㽫ͮӵ뻳С


458 
ʵͮڽϽԼ׸˳˵֮󣬶ʱû뵽˾ȻôԼȻܹԼģ˵ϲԼȫģȻ˵ĻԼһҪ
ȵ³֮󣬸ոҪԶĺͮȷʵǲ˻Ȼּæڳһڣȥˡ
аѾͷЦŹ˳ţȻŽĿˡ
ҲǺڴϣԼһٻŮˣϾԼôˣԼϵŮѡ
صԼסĵطȻڴϣЩģڻ֮Уȴ˯ˡ
ȵʱֻǸԼļŮ˴˸绰⼸𺣸ҲЩ˸ɵˣڷɽϢҲѾˣһжڻָ
ڷɻϵʱգʱúѺѣ飬Щꡣ
Ҳ֪Ǳ֮ô
ʱͻȻԱߵһ˳ſսĺԭȻǿս˴˱ӣҪһţ̵ģû뵽սȷʵһȡ
˵ɵǳմ˵Ҫţ̣ȻҶ˹ȣҪ֪ȿȵζˣЩս㵽ôģҿ⺽չ˾ѵǣ
ֻǸӵ˳ſսһٺǳ⡣
λҪ֮ǰҵĴûԲŻᵹһȸ㣬Ѿ׼һţ̣Ͽðɣ
Ǹս֪Լ˱㼱æ⿧ȣû뵽ȴǸӵĿɶ
ȻֱӽǱţ̶Ȼſսͷ㵹ȥǽɻϵ˶ˡ
ֻԱһѧСӣ˵λôܹôɶ˼ѾǸˣȻͷϣӦø˼ҵǸʱ򣡡
СӵĻʱӵ˸ˣðôСȻԼ
˵һӽСקסǰؾקݺݵˤڵҿ߹һӽСӱ뻳УȻĻֻСӽҪͷˤˡ
ʱǸСӵĸײŸϽ߹Сӱ˻ȥȻʾǧҪ˵ϾЩ˶֪ӵǲǵġ
˿С֮󣬾ȻΪѿս㣬ʲôǸģҪÿˮൽսϡ
˵֣鷲ʿɶֹˣ̫Ļʱֻ»ǵ˱ŭ³Щÿˣ
ҳֹĸ첲ݺݵĸץסûˮսͷϡ
ʱǸսʱЩʧ벻֪ôˣȴ˵˾䡣
λбͲùˣͽҰɣЩҪλ˵
˿ԼͷսŵøϽ뿪ˡ
ͻȻð׾СӣȻԼŸɣǸӵ˶ʱֱܻ׼һƣȴһֺֻݺݵסЩʹ졣
ĸϿҷſ֪ʲô𣿾͸Ҷһ˾ǣҪ
û뵽ϻˣǸҪԼҪӣûʲôĶǵԼҲǵġ
ҵ㵽ʲôˣȻôݣ˵ҲŻŻңҽ٣ҲңҽϿ˯þ
˵㽫ӵ˺ݺݵ˦˻
ЩԱ׼ƣǿ˿Ǹ׺ݵŵøϽȥˣճһҪúýѵѵˣʡΪġ
ֻӵվȻԼĶͳһСˮųһӴ˹ҿȻĻֻҪڷɻˣ
һѽСץסȻһ˦ӵ˲θ˦ˡ
ڴӵʱǸһԾǲϷ׼ʱЩˣôôƤģԼ̵ٴˣǣͻҪиľͷ
˵㻹ʡʡɣҲǴ򲻹ҵģֺαһһεأϷɻҪˣȰ㻹ץð֣ȻֱӴͷꤵͷʱźÿأ
˵ԼץסԱߵԾ˵ģӵĴΪױˣһӱǸɻѹͷȥˣǷ˸ꤡ
Ҫ֪ʱ˿̣зɻϵȫЦȻӵˡ
һ͵û뵽Ȼçײ֮ǰΪѿսҲԳ˳ЦûģȵǸĿų
ɻڽˣҲĳʺǱ㼱æ˷ɻû뵽ȴͻȻں֣˾Ȼٻӱ
ԭٻӱȺˣѾ̽˳ļŷɻ
㲻֪Ҵһ糿ˣǽˣ֪ɻôһó̿죬׼˸ղõĳӣһɣطɻϵĶҲôóԵģ
˵㽫Լкõĳӽ˳Ȼһȥ
֪ٻӱһġ
ԳҲûܾϽͷȻٻӱһ׼ȥ
㽫ǵһ쵽ôʲôҪһһ˸ͻȥھһɣôأ
Ȼ˵ЩʺţǳóԼ˵ֻ֣ٻӱҪˡ
ΪʲôЩŮ˶ӣϲǹ֮ġ
û취ֻεĵ˵ͷʱٻӱŸ˵һסĸ첲
׼뿪ɻʱû뵽ȴͻȻ֪ܳһȺˣǸסϸĳˣΪ׵ľȻ֮ǰڷɻΪѿսǸ塣
ʱˣֻЩԸ⣬ԲŻҵȺѵѵԼİɣ
ô죿֮ǰڷɻϵʱͦˤˤȥģ˷ɻҲúúĺˣֻҵһЩǣӦ㹻Ըˡ
˵㳯ЩСʹ˸ɫ
ٻӱ·ʲô㼱æǰ˵ǸҿǷɻһҪ򶷵ĻؾһǴߵģǻ֮ضģûһĵطأ
Ů˵ĻǸӵ˾õҲǲ޵ϾЭȷʵ࣬ǺĻصʱһʮִĶǽòˣϾֻúõʰһˣ
Ȼ˵ؿһ۳
Ů˵ĶԣȻĻǾ͵ɻһյϣû˹ˣǸүǶĻ͸Ǻ棬ȻĻȨǸ
˵ǰСǴӷɻ˳ȥ
ٻӱų׼ȥԭղһвҳĽڡ
ǳȴЦžܾˣĺˣ⼸Сආ˲ҵģ͸ҵɣʱԶԶģǧ˾ͺˣ
ð˵ľǿٻӱûа취ҲֻõͷȻ·
Ϊ˻ӵû뵽ȻԹɵĸˡ
Ǹӵ˸ĴָӣôҶǺϾôˣֻһһΪŮӵأû뵽㻹ǸˣҲǸӣһߵʱҰ㵲žͺˣ
˵ֻЦЦ


459 
Ϊֻ֪һ˭˭ǻһأ
Σǲͬ⼸СƦӣȥѧЩ򣬶ҳʮָߴǵĻЩѣ⵹óЩ죬ڵСôԽԽأ
ϾԼϻôõģԼȭžͽ⼸Сƨȫ̵ˣԱߵǸӵȴ·Ѿ뵽Ƶģһ仰û˵
ͻȻ֮䣬֣֪һȺŻֵˣдһӣעһӽڵ£űһһĲʱһӼһ
ʵͲµˣǿ϶Ǵ򲻹ģɼƣҵĹݣҲû˺˼ֻڴ֮ͥ³ˣʱڷɻﵱô˵ң
˵㳯ЩŻֵСǵ˵ͷЩСǷ·˼
Ǳ׼ȥĿӸˣҪ֪ģĽĿӸˣʱֻ»Ҫϸš
û뵽ȵЩ׼ȥʱǸʮ־޴ĲӼȴͻȻѿּһץסȻˤһԡ
ʱһԵǸźӵ˶ʱסˣת׼ܡ
û뵽ԱЬֱӴϱ㳯˳˹ȥҪ֪ôܵùЬأջǱһӸסȻһߵ˵ϡ
γûдֻǿ˿ϣȻЦһ
ԭ֮ǰЩСӣΪˣֻӵ˹ǿԲŻİŪһЩСӱ㼱æ˹Ȼһӡ
ܲǵʦĹĸϲ֪ٱ
ǵĻ֮ʱһ£ȴһ⣬æ˵ͷ
Ȼų˵ҪǵʦҲǲԣǱһ飬ֻҪˣҿ϶ǣ
Ǳ⼸ӵĶ˵һЩ
һӵ˵֪˵ʲôǿųǲʱЩ£׼תߣû뵽ȴǼСʹǸӸ
һԵϣȻְĿӸʱеȫΧǰǸӵ˸ˣֻһ仰Ҳ˵
ԱߵЩˣеָָģеֱ˼ˡ
ʱٻӱżæ߹һĴˣЩߵص˵ͷקų֣Ȼ󼱼ææȥˡ
Ҫ֪⾩Ǿͺˡ
ֻٻӱһξʹųǰ档
ɽ˺
ʲôĶУŮϲˣٻӱתƣû취ֻø󣬲ûҲԿһЩ
Ȼ֪ﴫһĺС
˲㼱æٻӱ˹ȥ
ȻһСŮ
ԱһŮȥû뵽ȴǸ˺ݺݵһȭͷԱߵŵöȥˣֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
˵úõĸҪ˭ǵȥˣŲŽҰȫ￴ʲôҽѵԼŮѲûҪȻǽߺˣ
˵еıӣݺݵĴŮϣʱƤ
Щ·׷ָָ㣬Ǹȴ·ûһĺݶ
ٻӱʱȥˣһ˹
ŵǸؤӣõǰһ룬滹мǮǮ˿Ȼǵģ˵˭ΪʲôҪԵ޹ʵأ
Ϊ̫ˣһŮغͲǵĸףֻǵǹȻҪĶѣҸѾҪ˺ܶǮˣȴ֪㣡
ô˵Щ˶ʱӿ
ҪİСŮ˵Ļôǰ˾˷ӣΪʲôȴץأ
㿴ǿ˵ǾǣЩӦúܶģΪʲôһ˶أƽʱһֱתƣû»Ǹ̯ӵķã
ٻӱĿĿСãͬ顣
Աߵĳ֪ЩֻǸЩ˷һģȻĻͳˣֻ˷ӻ֪ЩǶǮء
޹ǰСӣҲĵĿôСͱǸ˳Ļȫ˺ۣ˿̾Ȼ˱˵ﻹ޷ˡ
뵽㼱æ˹ȥȻһӽǸ˵Ƥ޸
˵λ磬Ӳô룬ڼȥֻ»ǻģǾǣǲӦСһ㣬о㣬ʱֻҪҲԲ˶ߵģ
˳һ㣬ϾŭȫϣԭղţƤ޵ȥѣˣ˻һӵĻ
ֿСӾȻûҪǮȻߵĲС
мͻȻ·ɱҧ𣬶ôָָģһʱ֮䣬˿Ǳˡ
˵Ǹʲôƾʲôңôѵҵ飬ǲĻȥңֻһöûУ㻹ǹɣ
˵Щ׼Ƥޣٴôϡ
ʵ̲סˣƤùǺݺݵĳ鵽˵ϣҲһƤ޳ʲôζ
һʱ֮䣬е˶ֽкá
û뵽ԼϻôãȻ˸ŸɣǸƤ޵һʱ̲֮ˡ
ԼϳһѴ󿳵ǽԱߵЩ˶ŻˣϾûмƣȫ׷Ӵܣǳȴվһ
˵һԵ޹ʵҪʲô飬ûҵĺӣǹ̫ܵˣҽҲøѵ˵˵ɣҿֻҿ֣
˵еǸ󿳵
û뵽ȴûֻǽԱС÷ٻӱóһЩ˿ڵҩȻСͿĨ
ʱǸ˸ٶˣΪԼǲҿأǰѿ
û뵽ѵȴӲı˫ֽȻһӸˤһԡ
ԼУѾûǸ˶ʱŻˣ׼Ӵû뵽ոתȥȴͱݺݵһţʱԱߵĻӲǳһڻʹ˳
ʱ򾯲ˣû뵽ȻվǸ˵ߣȻô£
Ǿˣǲ֪ѵҵŮǲ֪ôˣȻҾȭߣ㿴һŸߵﻹ˵ôɣ
⻰Ǹ쾹Ȼֱֱߵ˳ߡ
ȻµĴһ˵˵ǴðģôҶִߵģѵ㲻֪ϻ˶𣿾ЩҲҪӵģ㣬õǵǸȻĻǰˣ
û뵽ȻҸ๴ˡ
Աߵٻӱ³ʱѾ춼ˣԱ㼱æ


460 װ
һɱЩ˶ʱһǶ֪ɱǿɲʲôͨ˿еġ
˶֪Ӳˡ
ʱ̣ǶûжʲôΪǶһ飬ǾǸô죡
˶һۣѸ뿪
ʱߵǸڵϵ˵ǰݺݵţСðһסĵطǰˡ
뵽֮ǰЩ໥ǾЩ
Ǿ˳鲻̫ãٻӱȥǸưɢɢ顣
ϾѾӦҪúٻӱԳҲûоܾ˾һҽаľưɡ
ո߽ưɵʱֻģҵƺ̣ȻǾǵľưĵطͬȥͺܴ˴ҲǺ
֪λȵʲô
ʱͻȻ߹һԱŸʽľơ
ٻӱЦų֣Ȼ˼ߵһǰһЩھưмֱġ
쿴ЩˣǶ˼ܻ᲻ĶŤһҲȥһ棬ΪֵЩİɣһúõɢɢϾǸһģ
˵ٻӱһʿɣȻŵ˳ǰϣ˾֮ԱûȻʡ
ôԼٻӱҲһֱŸҲͺһʿ֮¶Ц
Ǿư̫ˣͻȻ֮䲻֪ðСӣϧǲѧͷȾĺ̶С
ǿٻӱ̫ƯˣԱߵǰЩᱡ˵˵С椳濡үһɣ
˵Ǹ֣ȴݺݵ˦һԡ
ϾԼųģٻӱ£˱㼱æվ⼸С˵֪ýô˵ϾҲûưɣҲ볢һ£
뵽⼸С쵰Ȼ˵һЩ飬ʱŭٻӱ
ֻԱһƱӣȻݺݵؽõЩС쵰ϡ
˵ôСëûгȫȻ˵Щ飬Ͽؼȥֻ軹ڼǻȥдҵأ
˵ٻӱЩСǴЦ
ֻǹϷһ°ˣǼСƦӣȴ߳ŭʱһץסٻӱͷקȥ
һֱĬŵĳʱ߹һСƦӱǺݺݵһȭСƦӣһӵڵϱȫѪŵ˸Ͻɢˡ
ѾǺܾˣ鲻ѧͰѧЩҪʶĻ͸ϽҹȥҲһƽϣϾСӵϣ
˵㼱æڵϵٻӱķȻûˤˡ
ԱߵЩ˿ֿʱʮֵĿģ㶼Χ˹ûģȴǵǼСƦӣ˿̵飬ֻһСƦͳһѵ
Ż˭أΪǾͲǳģǽ켸Ƕֻһֺαصأǰ椶ǾͲһʶղֵƵϵʣҲˣҪȻĻҷǵ۶
⽫еǰѵʹĻ˻Ρ
ǰѳǵĻðɡ
ò׵˾ǣٻӱúõĹ䣬Ͼôöûˣ񵹺ãưɾȻ顣
ҲԱ˵Щֱӱٻӱ׼ưȥû뵽ǸСƦӣȻŵ˹
ۿҪʱ򣬳ȴǺݺݵһţʱҲɵڵϣֻžһӣ㱻һӡ
ʱԱߵļСƦӣʱ̲סˣ죬Ȼͳ˹⼸СƨǳĶ֡
Ǽȭͷ飬Ǳ㶼׷׵ڵϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬֪ɹһѿҿÿ죬ȻĻǿļˣϸ˹ȥӦЩСƦӵͷͷֻղûпˡ
˳ӦҲʮңЩСƦһ飬ֻܳ˹
˵λС磬ҵĵҲǸ㿪ЦˣֺαظһʶϾھưģʱͷ̧ͷģҪӾͰǸˣʱôܹĸǰ̧ͷԽ¶ǲӦøǸ
˵ЩСƦǶǰ
˸˵˻ġ
ٻӱȻ˵Ҫ˵ĻǾͺðˣ֮ǰôǵģȫңǸղǰѿұҪ㣡
⻰ʱǸСƦӵͷͷסˣȻѪԡ
Ǳ㼱æ˵ղŶֵҵĴֻһʱߣһ£۸СܣָΣҲֻ뱣ǶѣǵĲԣ֮ǰһЩ𾴵飬ҲӦһ
ʵСƦӵͷͷ˵ĽȦ˵Ķָ֮ģҪ¸Ǳסӣǳһס
ֻҡҡͷ
˵ЩҵʱҲȥǵ֮ұỹǵģǺܼ򵥵ĵ׻˵˵Щ㻹ӦСܣĶԲԣҵĲǣ߻¾ˡ
˵ٻӱ׼ȥû뵽֪һЩƦӣȥӦǳһЩˡ
ֻǸƦͷͷǰǰѿֵܣҪĻǿɾе㲻ˣϾҲеˡ
˵ʹ˸ɫеȫ˹ȵشӾư߳ȥϾٻӱЩˣʵǲȥ顣
ǽЩ˹Ҳ磬ԼҲûа취ֻԱƱˣſ˶˵ϡ
³ʲô飬翳첲ȶģŵЩ˸Ͻ죬֮ǰǼСƦӣǲ˵ˡ
ʱٻӱѾȫˣ˵һЩеûġ
ûа취ĸ첲Ȼ󻺻˳ȥ
ЩСƦǣ֮Żվ
ʱͻȻһСƦӣŸղǸƦͷͷ˵˵磬ղûƳʲôˣǸƹһӣǼˣǸ໢İ
⻰ǸƦͷͷʱһ
˵飬ȫ˵û뵽Ȼԭǣǽҵļһ˱㼱æֵȫվȻǸȥıӰ
涼˰ɣҪǼƽϵĻֻЩ˽ȫ̵
ЩСƦҲ֪໢˵໢İ֪ƦͷͷŻǣ˶Ͻ˵ͷ
һСƦӣǸƦͷͷ˵Ժ󾭳ưɣôô죿ǻģѲɣҪͷ𣿡
û뵽Ļ˵꣬ͱƦͷͷݺݵĳԴһӡ
˵ǲɵǶˣԺ˭׼ȻĻʱҪǵɱңҲﲻǵģ
ʵٻӱûֻǺܱӲˣͻȻ뵽Ǹҵ£ǸʱǶôõ飿
ϧ֮һжѾıˡ
ֻǣһжûа취顣
Ƥ۵ˣٿÿٻӱжˬˣֻ˿Żװȥ
ŵö۾ʡı˷֡


461 ͵
Ȼ֪ٻӱװģȴҲףЩ鲻ܹô׵ģЩʱҪˡ
ҲʱҲһ컯ɣ
˸͵ּҵʱֱЩ˽ٻӱŪȥԼǲȥˣϴطʮֵĲ죬鼴ʹǿǣȴǲǡ
Ļ֮£鶼ʮֵĸӣ֪Լʲô
һȴ˭ûˣΪһЩرҪҪǾȥ档
ʲôǶ֪һֱȥǱߵĻǺпʲôûа취ֱӹҵˡ
ڳһҪǾҪ֮ǰɽɵҪˣһֱû
⼸һֱŮ˻һ˵ôûа취ġ
ȴӡ
ȥ£ҲеģԼʲô㶨ߣĻ׾ʧȥĶ˵ȴôûкõġ
ôˣ
ȥʱϦڻо׹Ǳߵ飬ûа취ͷˡ
ûа취˵
֪ʲô¿԰ȫȥְȫأ
ҪǾү˵飬Ϧ˵û˿԰쵽ˡ
һΪ飬ʲô취𣿡ϦʵʮֵĸӣҪǿԵĻǶκ飬Ϊκ
ʲô鶼Ҫģһûʲôô˵Ƕʲô˿еġ
ҲѾ֪ˣûа취Ҳ֪ڶ׹Ǳʲô鶼֪ЩһﶼѾıǣҪûʲôĻһҲпǱߣΪǶѾһ޵ˡ
ҲǵѣϦ˵ֻҪǻһ˵ʮֵĺð죬Щȴôûа취쵽ġ
ҲѾ֪ˡ֪鷳ŹģϦ˵ЩҲҪôˣҲѾкܶôҲ֪ˣоʲôʱ߰Ѿ㶨ˣʱԳ
ֱӵ׼ˣ֪ԼطҲûжãȥûʲôᣬֱӸ㶨Ҳһ鰡
㲻ҪôżʲôҪ飬Ǿֱ˵ҪʲôҶ˰㶨ڵ㣬Ӣ۵ˣҲ֪ڵľƣȥǱߣпܾͲģҵʱҪǹȥĻ㶼ҪԼЩֻģΪǵЩҶ±Էˡ
Ϧ⻰˵Ҫʲôˣô찡
ǲ֪ô˵ˣҪ֪ô飬ǻʲôûУǸô찡
ʹǳǹƶûа취쵽ɣ
黹ʲô֧ûаѾԤϵˣҪ鶼ֵĻ֤طûôΣգҲûʲô
Ƕ֪ȴʲôûУźʱ㻹пܻҪȥѰѾϵһߣһֱûа취ϵҲ֪ΪסˣǱ
ϦҲҪĵģЩһһʧˣǻҪȥѰҵġ
һûҵĻ鷳ҲС
ȴ̾Ϣһ˵Ĳʲô򵥵£ˣ׼ȥɣ֮ǰһҪɽٸҵҪȥǸһɵ
鶼ѾǳĲˣܹ𺣸ʲô鷳ʮֵ
ɽҲ֪飬ڶˣΪľǲɵˣʱĳȴһĴڣʲôɱʲôġ
һᴦˣҲҪˣһȥ֮ĲһлԻġϦĲϣȥǳȴǿŶԷ˵ҪҲȥĻǻʲô취˵ģҪǿԵĻôȥģҲ׵ˣһȥ֮ǼģֻҲܹ塣
ĻﶼʮֱֵˣҪǾĻô飬ǼȻѾˣҲ;ϵˡ
ðɡ
飬Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
ϦҲֻܹóȥϢˣֻҪлᣬͻὫɽϢ
ֻǿϧǣһϢûС
ҹǶӵ˾ϢǾ׼ˡ
طʱѾˡ
ҲѾ֪ڿʲô
˵鶼ʮֵĸӣϾ鲻Ը㶨ġ
˶ʼʱ򣬳ȴһ뷨Ǿ㹻ʵԼҪ飬һֱ顣
ϧǣûʲô˵ˡ
͵ɵĴǾΪҵġ
뿪ʱһжôƽ˶֪ǽǾޱĿʼ
ڱе鶼ڸı䡣
Ҳо
ĺɫѤϼһһգΪƵʵ΢΢Ĺâԭ׵ҲȾ˱ԵǶ˽ߣſޱߵ󺣣ʧΪһ
һμ˾ĶǾɫһĿͿó񣬾ܰĺ촵Ѿм⣬ǻвվڼװѵһ׳ɫ
Ѿϰ˺ϺеˮֺʹԱȴ޶ãϾ׳۵ľɫǿöˣȻҲˣǴ͸ʻյĴһɫ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⡣
ҲǸ
ֻں˲ҪԣϿ籩꣬󺽳̣ʧ򡢴ҺãӦʵ
ϵ˶ΪѤõϼˣȴһ⣬ҴҪ͵ȥ׹ĳڴ澪ϲĻüͷ
ǰ׹г̣˳ЩϣԭӦһ˸˵飬ǲ֪ΪΣĵԼмֵĲԼʲô鼴
ε޲ƽ˾ǰʻĴֻƿˣֻһɫԶԶ׹ں棬ǲϷӿŵĺˮ
ȻЩԼĲüͷ˺ܾãҲ벻ʲôķӵķ꣬˼ˮҲѹɻȵĽУֻӡ
ˮڣĻᷢʲô飬ѵ𣿣հǰ˺죬̹Ȼԣͨһ֮󣬳ҲڷԹ󣬱㿪ʼϢԱгľӦͻ¼
һ·ܹ鲻ƽģҪǰ׼
ҹɫ˻ڹеĴԱˮ֣ϵ˶Ѿɵ׼Ϣˣһ¹ʣ»һпȥôž͡
֪ʱһĨƺȻƮ˸ʵʵֻһȦʵ¹⣬Ȼҹɫīһ仯û˲ֻռȶǰʻתĴͶҫŨصҹɫȴͬ΢өֻܼʮ׵ķΧ
ֱһѵƵľ޴էڵγһѵ·еĺڰ˲ɢת˲ţŨҵҹɫٶϮϵ˲Լ˲ԾֻδӦһƹĤڶը죬һʧϡ
ԭƽ˾ĺ治֪ʱ˲ԽԽǿҵ˻˷Ŵݺڹǻˮиǹƣʼҡ


462 ׹
ϵ忪ʼڵϣƹƹҵڶǿҵĻζʹ˯һӴ˯оѹǽڵײײͬ˾Ƶһߣһ㿴ͬʧִŲӡ
ԭͻû˯ڲҡεĵһʱʹӴ˳һˮţҵֱͨ˼װ塣
ҹϵķ籾Ȼ˿̳ȴҵķͬιǸֵĵһʹʵķ紵Φŵ죬ֵǰǿ۾һŵ⣬ƬƬͷתۣɫŨͬһī֭
֮󣬻õžڼװϣҪҴװƣװϻвˮ֣һʱ۵ܡ
˲ӿţ봬ĦӿһѰɫĭǿķХôֻҡһΣ·һ˲ͻ᳹׷
˵ˣоˮҲͻıŻˣԭأɵ㶵ɴ۾ŴĿ籩꣬зĿ־ͬһֻֽ߬סǵ࣬ŵԾס˺
ŸʲôѴ籩򣡡ҪͷҲûͬһʧ侲ͷ侲Żˮ֣ȵ
һЩԭҵر꣬ΪԼѾûĿܶԱˣǱôһǳ⣬͵شһ飬һӻع
ʲôҲʵ̫ˣӲһ٣ҲӦŬ̹ȻԣʲôûŬͷųоӺɷ򣬴˾һкη壡
ЩˮҲûѪԵų׿֮󷴵ǼѪԣڴҡµײײصԼĸλϣҪһΡ
һͷиոͣӵĿ޺ͷһͿѾһ̱˵ϣ޵һòǱ
üͷֱ̧ǰߣ˿صļˣ׼ȥҿһ㱩꣬ܲһԤҲûУֻߵſڣһˮֵײײ˹ɫŵسɤӺ²ˣսˮˡ
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ڶ̶˲Ȩ׹˾ڼװϿоԹԱ
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ǺˮỺĴɳ̲żһĺŸȵƬļ͵۾ʱŷȻں̲ϣεϴƽ˾ȫȻˣ·ǳĶǵıֻһΡ
Ȼ֪Ƕʵģ͵ɳǰ׹Ĵֻ˱꣬棬䵽һСϡ
ֻڵǴһطأ
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Ϊʲô֪
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СӣǶŵˣû˼ǻ찡
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ֻڶո𲽰ˣһֱûԸǷܶڿĴڣǶоһЩ顣


463 
⻰ȴǳĬһ˵ðɣҸǻˣ֪ǿԸʲôأǿ϶ĿŶԷΪĹؼҪʲô鶼ûа취Ļǳ϶طˡ
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464 ȭ
ʵϣ֪ԼΪʲôһӾͱ˸ϣԼ鱻˸ˣԲŻʵȴʲôûз
ˣôһӾͿҵİԼʵϴһ±ˣ֪ôġ
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±˵ָԼһЩĺǻɣԼϴ᲻һ͸ɵ
á
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̾Ϣһ˵ϴҪǮôһʱ䣬ʲôֻһطʲôýûа
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飬±ҲЩˡ
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465 
ĺԽԽѪζȴԽԽ󣬿˵Ѿ뵽Ѫսģʽ
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Ȼ˲Լǳǲ飬ԸԼΪڻһĴڡ
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466 ֤
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ҲֻһЩ߲Żᵣ顣
ãôǮ׼ô±ȻûпЩǮȴҲ֪мǱˡ
طмǧˣҪԼһݣûа취
ﶼǺںҪ㶨顣
鶼С飬ֻҪǮʲô԰쵽
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⻰ȴǷˣֻҪлʲôģҲȥĵطˡ
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ðɡҲ֪ԼʵЩˣҿȥһطЩ
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ʹطλʲôĻǶʮּ򵥵飬ҲΪһֱûʲô֮ģԳҲλ֮ġ
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±ȴ̾Ϣһ˵ô˵أЩرĶֻҪǿҵĵ·ĹȴʮֵĲпᣬ֮оֻм˻


467 ±
ĬȻĲпᾺﶼУֻȴôƽľ֮гǶǾˡ
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о±˵ĲǷϻ±صļһжٸ˿֪صأ
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468 ɽͷ˼
Ҳû뵽ǵķӦôҡ
һ뵽Щ˵˼ȻǾĴڣôҲһţƺĴڣЩС
߰ģֹûЩ񣬷һһݵĿ
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±ų˵ĻЩޣ޷ʲô˼
Ȼ±˵ˣȻᷴԣŰ±˵Ǿȥ

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Ͱ±ﳶƤʱһݸ߸߹ų͵һߣ߶ţ롣Ҳݵ˵Աߣʵ˽ʲôֶûëѹûЩ˳ʲôϵ
﴿Ǹɺϣ͵ɵڣһֱǳԼĿĵʲôǰϺҲʮֻҪõˣ׹ǳĻЩϼһﶼܱ
仰˵һ˿ֶ飬ȴĿɾˡڹЩˣ׼ʱԿĿɾˡ
Ժ˾ϲĿʼ߶߶ʼճ΢Цʹû˷ϣϵĹʮ㡣


469 
ǣҸ˵һֻĹǴ޵֡Һ׬Ǯһ鶼Ǹ㿸ţôƨƨߵĴյǰ޲ֱ̺ͳ
ɻɨˣ׹ζλүȭġӣͳһ̣еĵȼ̣ɳϿЦϰ壬ѾλϰˣͲ÷ѿˡ
⻰һ˵꣬±߹һĵͷģ˵ԣҵСܣһȥһĻֻ֮ҡҡͷЦ
һ·ϣ±ǳĶˣλ˳Ҳʮصģ׻˵úãѼ飬±˵Ʒûĳʮֺƭ
Ҫƭ±ʵǲ˵Ҳɰ±һͨСܡں±ĵģʱ±ôҲ벻ȻҲǸ
٣Ҹӱ˶ݺݵ˵˵ʱŰ±޲ߡ
±һмյǰסˣЦǣĲˣҵģϹʲôҸ㶼ӱΪԼǲү
±˳ȥҲûţϨ̧̣ƨɾߡ
ѰҰ֣ʱҪʲô鷳һëˣȥǰˡ
Ϣ˵뷨ջǾβˣҲ͸ɴûȣߡ±״˳˼䣬͸Ͻȥ׷ˡ
ӣû۾ֻĸôǮء±׷ų
˳ЦЦǻӦ˰±ĻΪ׹Щˮ⼸ûʲôԸղԲеʱ򣬸һȤ᲻
סǣʱǸ˵ĺ䣬ʮ˾ͽͰ±Χס
ˣ˹һʱ֮ߴŵʮˣ˽ǿְˡüͷⱻ˵СΪǸжİ±Щ˿ɾˡ
lϺףôģ㻹˲ɣ֪֪˭ҿǻζˡϽҹøϻ±ܵĵڳǰ־ò̫Ծְ±ǼʶģôҲֲ
ݸ߸˶Դ֮ԱǣЦҾǿĺ֣ʲôôǸˡҡǮҲ˷ѡ
㻹ǲǣ±첱Ӵ֣ɤ
ݸ߸ΪмĵͷųЦ˲֪Ǹʲôһ֪ôӽˣôɱϿ޸ӿӿɼ񡣡
±İ裬ɾһ仰Ҳ˵˵Ķԣ֪±ĵϸ׹ҲЩģڵİ±Ķ֡
Χ˶ſָָ֣˵ʲôĶУ±ɫԽԽѿתʾϽߡ
˭֪±һתʱɵۣ֪ʲôʱѾߵ˴ԱߵһпһһӵĳƱͶڳĽ¡
˵Ķľٶˣ±˵СǲˣֵطǮóԼô
ǰǰȡһԪķڽ°˸ʱĵӣһƨ棬ͬʱͳһ̣еһȦЦŲûϵϴͲ̫ˡ˵ֻҪǮɱ˶
±ľګĵͷʱŷӦԲһ򵥵Ȼû˵̸ֹǫͣһһ޵ļƣҲ㣬Ҳҧһ
ͥĿ֮£ȡһԪݵ͵ĳƱϣȸ߸
˶Ǹָ֣ʲôݽɫУʮַ񣬿ȴʮֵһһ㶼ԩ
ȻţǳͲŹᣬóĻ˵ǣͷɵƶȥˣһѾǲˣû뵽컹һ
ģҲҪҲҳǮǻĹһ仰죬Ҿ㳢ζɺңԺ㶼ʸڼҡЦеǸݸ߸ƨĳƱ
ͳȻ𣬳һ˵ҲڳĶʲôˣ죬ҳһӵһۣסۣҲҪ˭ңһ͹˭ˡо仰ô˵ţ֧ŲǷ
ӡ㣬û°ɡ±ֱӾʯˣݵģûôݵá
˻һŶ˻һ򳵣±ʮ꣬ǵһο˻һӵġ
ġ˵еȼţðɺɫĹâ
һ򰡣ģ⹷յӣȺ֮Ҳ֪˭ôһ䣬һȺ˾ȫΧȥҲӵùҲЩݵˣЩ˶Զ֣ʣµһոǮĹӶ
ڹӶ˵ûҳϿԣǮҳϡݸ߸ûӦô£ͱʮӶΧסЩ¼ƲѾˡ
ˣҪ۸ͲףתۼʮӶ׷ݸ߸һʹ޲ͽ־ͽ˵Ӹ䳡ޱȵײС
еĳ̣ԼݵⳡϷҪЧӽ쿪ʼ˶֪֣֪һӣһ۲۵ķӣһһӣݸ߸Ժ̵˼˲ȵһӡ
⣬ǵ³˸צȴʮֽ⣬˵ɵӡ
һƬңΧİԱҲǰһδȻ˵ӣֻҪǸԲоֳ֪ȥ³ֻݸ߸ҡ
ӣе˰ɡ±ҲǼһЩˣˣǵһμʱҲŪһ±ƣսľųžԼǰСˡ
˫ڵЦ⣬ɫҡҡͷʾ⻹ġ±˶ˣ⣬˵ʲôѵǴӵħֶΣһӶȥ顣
ιǵǿ㰡һŻȥ衣һƱλƵվں
ⲻ˵ãôһ˵ЩӶһǺ۾Ҳʲôһ򵽵˭ǮˣӾץס˿ӡӶݸ߸ץסһӶ־ȥץݸ߸
ݸ߸ҽһƴ˦Դ㡣ͬʱҼסˣԲʮ˴ţҳҪʬͷ
ЦЦֵطӾһУݸ߸챻ôһŪԺ϶Ҳû˸ˣУҲ㷭ڳ棬ֻѺ͵ôˣŵĹŵģˣעҪݺݲڽ£һӶֻܱѹš
£һֻ۾̣λƵĴյȺΧЦЦݸ߸
ʱһӶ¶ƺݣƤЦ˵ϰ壬һ򡣡
Ȼ˵ںĵͷȻϵǮ࣬һ򿴿ֵǮǳģ䣬ǶԸһɵƵԲлɫ
ǹӶʮּһ¾Ҫȥݸ߸۾ȻûȥͻȻһǹ졣һݸ߸ҽһЩӶҲɢڴӺ浱塣


470 ɱ
һѻ֣ʮӷһѻ֣ʹõ׹Ƴǹǹ˵룬ǧڶܾ׼Ŀꡣղһ˲䣬ûзӦûиоֵĴڡ
ΪȫԸоɱѻʼնûκϢ۶һ˲Ҳƽ͵ģ·ɱˣСӵϷ᲻ʲôȤ
ڶӶĴӵ£Ǹݸ߸һֱһģǰûйɵƶѻ־Ȼһ˲Ŀ꣬Ҿ׼Ŀ꣬Ƕôµ飬ֻгˡ
һʱ䣬ûȥһʱѵһ־ǹھѻֵģ𿴳һûľѻˮƽڹҲǰʮղͻȻֱֵ֣Ǿѻ֮ӣ¾ǧһżӲ֡
վԭһͷ亹ˣ˵ԼѲ겻Ըݸ߸Ȼǣһ֡ѻָݸ߸Ӧòһģʱ˿̣Ϣڳ˵һŶ衣
ҲˣҲǲô׵һѻֵУ˼Ůǳû
찡߿ߣӣôӶҲ֪˭һɤӣ˲ЩӶȫˣ¥ȡǮûС
Щ棬νʲôˣô֣Ҳ֪Ǻηʥ
棬̫ˡлл㰡Ҿô飬ҽгǰɡȻһһװŮӶ¥ˮ۾µĺǳһ㣬ˮ۵ģ޷뵽ȻǸɱ˲գ۵ľѻ֡
ıҲܼϿŵľѻǹžһ˳ߣһܱЦеļ˵̫ˣԺҾ͸ˣһˣףɫôôѿ
ĿɿڴǰС򣬲ûһѪȥ˵һδþȣǰŮӰװ׾ڽ϶ᵱǸڵĳȻǸղǸѪȿֲľѻ֡
ʲôûŮף۾ҿ˰ȻˣҲҵģ㲻᲻Ǯɡſ˳תֿ˵ϵľѻǹͬʱóһӣֱӽһԪȫ˽ȥ⻹㣬СѾͷɨһ۰±󽫴Ӷ˰±ٲȻǽ±˳Сࡣ
ʱһͷСѾͷԾͲˣ
һһε˵СѾͷǮûֻҪ۾û˵ҪڳСѾͷһӵȥֱӾͰݸ߸ӸˣҪǻܾȻͲճ̡
գգʹ۾ˮ۾дίݵ˳һۣܵݸ߸ߣСѾͷݸ߸һֱѾӣһ㽫ݸ߸ϵ˳ǰͬʱָݸ߸˵ԼֻǴ۾ûҪ
ͷһȫ亹ɲôҲ֪СѾͷôģȻֻǴϹݸ߸۾۾ԱߵƤûܵ˿˺һĻ֮һԵİ±ĭûһԡ
ӣ㣬ҪǸ֪СѾͷͲ󣬿ɱ˲ٵˣңܶ˶˵һɱΪ֪֡ΪʲôôǾĩʹ˼±ɷнµ˵
ĩʹôˣֲĩ˻ͻȻðôһ仰û˼˵°±ֱܴ̼ιȥ±ܵĴ̼Ѿˣһ̼һ٣ֱѻּӹ̼һ١
ι˵ʲôأҲҪѾʰǹһСٵĺ棬СٵĺӾƨƨߵܹ֪ĻΪֻĳеѧء
±ƺʮֺʶ㵽˳һĻŪóЦãղŻӽİ±ȴһСѾͷŵͷԣ⻭ʵ̫Цˡ
±ɰСЦеһÿλãҲСٵֱӶ˰±±ױСࡣ
ߺߣɰֻÿɰɡڣһһڡ±СװǮĴӷ߷˵һ̰±Щˣ֪˵ʲôҲˡ
һɫСȻȲϳڵЩŮˣҲǸഺСѾͷҲʮģСѾͷûʲôȤûŮˣһСá
ǵĽѾˣͱˣ±ŵáЦ˵ʵǲϣţôһ˲֮áƵֻǾԼûа취СѾͷԸɴһģСѾͷˡ
˭֪Դ˺ǲмüëЦʲô±壬ҽѾʮˣСˡѾ˸㣬˵ҡ
ʱһͷȻԴݸ߸ֻɫһְ취һͯյŮˣʱͱŪûƢСѾͷȻѾʮˣô񰡡
±ƲĶȫ˵ϣųܲˣͷ͵ܣģ͸һ㡣أͻȻſڴܳ߰ɫ·Ůһ껹ȾһͷѪɫͷΪۡ
췢סͰ±ȥ·΢΢üҪַŵСӣͻȻ߰˸ŮˢˢĹڵϣǺ췢һּʮĸ磬ǴĴ磬ԺǵĴˡͽҺ췢ˣǶôҡ
׼֣˭֪췢Ȼôһʱһûûȥ
º֪һˣԼһŶӣ췢ǲ˵׹ĺڿͺ췢˵׹֣췢Ҳȥɣ׹һЩһ㷨ӶûС췢ѴǺ췢صĿ칤ֻҪԤλãܶԷʲôˣ׼ȷС
˴һ𣬼ֱ޵еĽࡣ
±ĿɿڴĿź췢Ȼȥź췢֣ͷ˵ѽԭҲ֪Ȼһģͺ˵ˡ
췢˦±飬ĿֱԹ˰±ų˵ϴô졣
±æĴյߣй췢Ϣ˳ʱӲûڵϣ˵ԼǲӦûȥݰݷ棬ֱײ˰һɷԼû취˲ţתðôСܡ
߰˸ˣڹڵʱ⼸װŮȴǱС
ǸǶûУҿɲӶδꡣһ˰Ż˵
췢͵صͷʾСģ췢ȻŻǸ꣬ʵϽѾʮˣȳСһˡ
Ʋסеļ͵һĴȣԵİ±˵ȥȾƳ⣬ףף˵
±ҲǲǮӺСӣƨƨߵǰȥ޳Դ͵ˣﻹʲôϴͷЩˣҲϴˡ


471 ̬
뿪˻±һˣǰǰܹʮˣ˲Զһ֮ĹׯǿװޣȫǻĹķĳǳã㱼ǻص˻Ĺһ㡣
ϴ͡췢ƨƨߵĽ˵ڳǰɨһۣȫ׹֣ȻöһЩ־;ۣһ˦ֶԻŮʿȡ
һ˳֣һϸЩˣͺ췢պʮˣղŻſڻˣڵһʱ͹˵Ŀ
ʮ˵СȻ㲻ϴ󣬿ͺ췢Ĵڣóİȫм˺ܶࡣѺһڲתź췢˵μ棬һ£
ĿȻʾ䣬ȴдø˵Щɫʲô˵ı顣ʵϣǳԺ췢̽ϾƣԸĳȺȴǺȫͬ˵һ̣췢κεԥôЩ˳취ߡ
õˣɲãҲԲߣǳ˵ԭ秵Ļ˵ȱ¡ź췢췢Ҳδߵ˿ʼһ
ϴǼ˶зֹģմͷΪģͷ񡣶Ǹе豸ҲͷŽʲôģ֤ͷͷĽָλá
ǰȥһֳԭרֳʣµĸˣרһЩӦĹϾÿ֮󣬴ͷȫ˲С췢²ĽţǳԺɫҲЩȻȻҲֻһ˲顣
һ˲䣬һ췢Ǹ֮ˣĸȴᣬ˵ʮֵĵǻĻǾԲڵһʱͰԼϵȫȥģҪһ֡Ǹ췢ƽʱǽӴйϵ˵Ľܱ࣬ôһŻǴİɡ
췢˵껰ļҲܵǰʼһĽԼһɸӣǳһЩȻͲܵ˵ǿסˣ벻ôһڣͻȻʮСܣһͺ췢λ̬Ĵڡ
˵˵ЦЦʱ˻϶Ѿˣע⵽ͺ췢Լʣµİ˸ˣòһɫǻĹˡǣһ߳ԷһʵǶǻĹˣô׹
Գʣ췢һ£һڷȴûп˵һֱֵҲǱֳĬ˹̬Щ죬ϲԼʲôģ˽ҲˣҲûǸȤһҪŪǣֱĳ֪СŶĻзġ
Ҳ˳Ŀ⣬һſ˵ϴ󣬲㣬ʵǼ˶ԸġҲǻĹˣΪǼ飬Ǳ뿪˻Ĺһֱڣһ޷ȥʮҵļ˺ʶˣǣǶû취ȥһȥΪǼ֮ء
ص˵̲ƺһ
΢΢һ㶣չһЦ͵˵ǼһһˣһʱǶﲻˡҺú췢취뿪˻Ĺֻ׹һ·ʱ䣬ѾһӶˡ
˵ͷҲûᵽ⣬Ŀ˵ʱ֮һ˿־ҲʲôõĻ䡣Ȼ˼ҵ˿ڣҲȥҿֻҪҪûʲôϵԲŲʡ
Ʊ췢ۼֿ죬ЦеΪһžƱվ˵ǰȥ͹ȥˣȻ˵Ҫ£ô˵ǰ棬ʱƢܹŹ֣ʲôǵĵطൣҵֻһأǾǣҡģ⡣ȻҪ˭ұ󶯵ӣҾͲǽ̬ˡ
ͺ췢һЦ˵ⱲΪݵһˣȻʮǹӶȴҲһŶӣĥϣѾһǾǣʲôʱ򣬶ҪսѣȻҪĴۻǷǳʹġ
ϴģԺҪ˭˳飬ôþôáƱ˵껰Ϊˬһ
ĵͷҲûж˵ЩʲôˡʱɨһԵİ±ѯʵϴ˭Һ֮ǰ˵ϴ󣿡˵Żһţƺ±Ͳһϴϡ
ԵЩΣϾ±жδ˵±ϴ󣬲ȻڵǰϺԻַӵ˰±ϴ󣬻ÿûǸ²С˵ˣˣҲÿЩ˳вϰ
±ǺһЦҲʶȤ±⼸ദɵҲ֣ᷢһˣ͵׹˭Ҳ֪ڻĹǸʲô֮ǰ±ͳĹ飬ܹȥǲԸ𣬶ǳû취
±˵ĵĻҿɲϴ࣬Ѱɡӣ˵ǰɡ
ûпڣһԵĺ췢һߵСЦҺ㲻ǣȻϴôҵϴھһǹ㡣
±ʱͷ󺹣˵Żָ˷ƨ⻰Ǵĩʹ˵ģ±ģһ˵ԼǳϴôĻһǹԴ
ϵɫͣֿЦõĸо±ҲǵģȻһСѾͷ£ôûֲأô޺ŮӣȻһĻѾ˾ȥˡ
ӣҾһӽ쿪ʼǾֵˣ㲻Ұɣ±źƱģʵ
ʵǿȥˣ⾴úƾģڳ˵ǲʵģǳк췢±һ׾ƣ˱ӣһͷа׾һ˵ĻҲ˵ˡӽ󣬰±ͳֵˡ
ΪƾԵʣΪⷹׯϤĸо۾Щ죬žͱ˵±磬곤Ժҽˡ
±ʱһܳģͺ췢һۣڳҲͶûж˵Щʲôˡ
Ȼһ˭벻ǽⱭƣע˰±Ժ׹ĻԻ͡ʮʮԺ󣬰±ҲԽһĻΪ͸м
ֵܣһǳˬ顣
ƹѲ˹ζһٷ˲٣˻ʮѵģ˵ƽʱκʱѣһˣƺȵԽ෴˼άԽǡóˡ
һˮһߺˮһЦ˵ȻѾңôЩ飬һҪǵġһҵ׹ǴĿĵģҪһǲҪ֪ʲô֪̫෴ûʲôô
췢ͬʱͷҲĹӶһֻʽǮʽĿģοԸĳûǿκһ˰ˡ͸ûбҪȥʳˡ


472 ţ
ǵҴŶ˽һ£ܲЩӶÿʲôλֻܿڣֻҪˣϴĲǡ˵
Цŵģһô˵ʱˣһ߷˵ϴҸֻΪ˺棬Ǯûϵ
ҲǸϽͷͬʱ仰ŪͶˣѲСѾͷɱΪְǽ˵ʮԲҪǮµЩ˲ܲҪǮϾǮһֺҪĶҲΪĶˡ
±磬ֻһ¡ֶŰ±˵
±һ±ƣǽԼֻݸ˳ӹһ֣˼룬绰һ˲ͱͨˣʮԴ뿪Ĺʼǲ绰һֱŰɣҲЩϺꡣ
绰һ˴һöŮڳ˵ȫİģΪûݳԹǰϺ˽⣬ŮֻһĽӵ绰ˣ˵һγٴȥ绰ͲŮˡ
ඣֽˣûڰɡ΢΢һЦЦʮֵ⣬Щ˾Ů˵Ϣʱ˰ɡ
Ȼ绰һ˳Ĭ֮УðŮ˲֧֧˵˵
ûȤҲΣҲȷʵеûţҲûʲôȥ٩Ůˣɴ࿪˵ǣһǧ˵𡣡
˵껰ֱӾ͹Ҷ˵绰Ҳһֵ񣬷ֽ±ƻֻݺݵ˵ϣһŽֻߵķ飬ûеͷֻ֪Ѿǳױˣ˵ǹڵˣǺ췢ڿԳҲû취ҵλá
±һ۵ĿԼֻһ극ȥһֻһ´γҪ绰ֻøꡣ
ԹԵļŲˣȥܰ±Ǻ˵˵ʵһĹķׯζǲġһϴ̫˧ˣ㹻̼ϴǲǵʲôˣǹ˼ţ׷ɱ׹
ԣһûסһڰ׾ȫϣº˴˭ҲüˡСѾͷƤԽԽˣʲôʱ˼ҵˣĹˣҲȽԷϹУ鷳ء
ͬʱĹڣһ֮һǰһŮеĻͲ޲ֱӽⲿʽ绰զϡá
ι㵽ҪʲôҪһǧ㵱лιιСӣ˳ŻͲһͨŷֳѾҶ˵绰ΪεĶ˻ͲɫתļˣѯʣҪô졣
ʣµļҲһǧһԣСӾȻһھһǧԪɲһСĿҲҪͬС
ʱҵһǽͻȻˣԭǽϻһţһͷ׵˻߽лһʵĹȣôˣһ˹ƵãǳСϢˣ˵ʲô
˱ϹϾľһͽĻԭⲻתλߡ΢΢һЦɨһǲʽ绰˵
ǣ˭Ҳ֪СӵܲܰѶûһǮһ֮ǡһǵ˵ʵĵĲ⼸Ǯ⣬ǶԲ۸ĵǳˡ
΢΢һЦŭһһ˵ˣֵΣҪõĶûܱˣ
εĵͷתһ˷ԸȥǮȥ߰ڰָ֣ҧ߷˵ǧԪ
һеʼٸ߳ʱ˿ŶڷׯĿ񡣰±յȥֻһֻŵǵ˻ֻշŽӴ绰ĻǺڰ׵ġ
۾ɨһֻϵʱ䣬ȻֻĸӴ򿪣ֻ·˽ȥҪⲿֻȻֻֻ˹ˡ
ϴֱ007һ̫̼ˡðۣһݵ˵ʱһͷСѾͷȻ˵˼άȥ
Ǹӣ˵ʵҲر棬㵽ʲô˰±̿ˮһ汦ģȻŻӢҲеС˼
һЦ֪̫࣬±ͱסˡһعЩϼһͻὫ׹һ±ͲοˣܻܿᱻֱĨɱ
ˣŪֻȴߵİ±
±ĺɵɨһ۳˵ֻϲдô±ʵʵĻشʮ֣ôˣ
ͷȴû˵ֻֽ˿ڴ棬ſ˵һʱ䣬ߵ׼ʱ뿪췢Ͱ±ȥŪһҪͨһЩĳ
췢Ͱ±ҲûöʣͳȥоνͨĳˡǰһЩǮϵֽ𲻹ʱǮѾп棬ЩϼһİЧʻǲģ̫ˡ
Сʱ󣬰±ͺ췢ˣ췢һű˳µϴ󣬳㵽ˡ
ȣЩǮһˣǳ򵥵Ľһ£ÿҪ飺췢Ͱ±绹ң˰ָȥھ͸˵һǾִ񣬾ǹҲҪݡô
ڰ±ͺ췢뿪ʱ䣬ʷׯҪֽͱʣдһЩֱ˻ŽЩЩСǡҸԿԼһãȻ˵Լݣ˶ֻһãʵʵȥִԼ
ǳĸ֮˱ץסˣôԷ̱ƹҲòʲôõοǱȽЩ˵ģǸͺ췢궼ûʲô⣬ɼÿ˵ı»ǹصġ
±һҲѧˣһͲûжЩʲô˴кԺҪϴһҪеĻͽˣȻڽϱ˺ϴָоֵͦġ
ʱһһȥÿ˶ڼ尾֮жȹģȻ˳һֱڱĿ񣬶ǷĲԼİǹڳ˵ҪʮڳŻʮӵʱӦúúϢһ£ƾҲʼˣֻԴӵѣǱ۾ҲƲߵ˶Щʲô顣
׼һ£ͻȻ͵һ´˵ƶʱ䣬˵ǰһһͷݷԱһѾһͷǣȺͷǿʳĿ֮жɱָоֻת˲֮䣬û˻عָֻ״̬ɢɢġ
±صؿһʱ䣬ӣʱԵ¥¡治֪涼ʲôʹǱ۾ȻʱҲôУ±֪ʱİǳѧģüζǿžȷļʱܰȻ
ҲʲôһȺѻȸ뿪˷ׯߵ¥Ժһ£ׯǰͣźܶ೵۵ľһ⳵췢Щ˼ָָǳЦҺͰ±һ£⳵ʵˡ


473 Ѱ
췢ŪÿЦãȷʵ׹ֵط⳵ˣκεطɣһ㣬֮ǰȷʵûпǵ췢һĺڿͣⰲı»ǲģϸǳϲС͡
Ͱ±Լͺ췢һ˳췢𿪳ſڷֿеһеǱۣ˸ȫ֪ԷҪʲô˸Լͬ·ҲһҲࡣ
췢óĵԣڿʼƻݵĵӷϵͳٵļػ棬ûɡϰԵĵһ̣һеûһҲһӣԴ׹֮󣬳ѹͺܴҲԽԽڿˡ
췢һɲȥٺ͸ʻİ±λã֪ҪϱͲԸµĿˡ±һŻݵķʻȥʵﵽݲһֵľ룬ճ˼ҪΧĽֵһȦŻصȥ
ʱ䣬췢ʼԻݵĵӷϵͳ֣ں췢˵ֻҪκεķϵͳֻСһοݵĵӷϵͳҲûô췢׾ٵľͽ˻ݵĵӷϵͳҿٵҵ˻ݵͼֽҲһջˡ
ʲô֣ʵϿ˿ȴѾĲˣƲ⣬ӦǶġ
췢һ߿ٵûẓ̇һ˵磬ǶͶأ˵ݻè塣
Ĵչȥһ;һ췢ͼֽģͼȥݵ澹Ȼи㣬ݺ췢̽飬氲װ˺ߵ豸ǿԵ豸޷ֹͣģǺ췢ܹһ˵ĿأҲҪ
֣ôû滹أѵǺУ±һãȻ˵ͬʱԻݵ˲˲ڰ±Щ˶ϢûԼˡ
ҡҡͷЦû㣬Ƕ֪ҲµûĻڣͺͻûʲôϵ
ʻĺ췢ͷݺߵķֲԼһЩ豸ķֲ췢⡣ںͻûʲôϵĹϵͳǶģô˵ɣܻݵϰ嶼֪Լݵ滹¥㡣
±ɵ˰ôǺأȥ˺ߵĺ潻ףȤԴʮֲм˵±֮һΣСѾͷҲ̫ˣ˵İ±һĶģҲ֪γ˻Ǳ˵ˡ
ӣҪתˣڽȥ±ǰͬʱԳ˵
ҡҡͷʾ±ٿһȦ֮ûֱӽݣѰ¶ڣһڻݵĸҾԲͻݲκϵ
˵ҲЦ֮ԻᷢطĴڣǸݸ߸ءݸ߸ΧŹʱ˺ݺݵˤ˵ϣʱʮֲԾһķƣƺ沢ʵĵĵ档ǰǾԲģΪԽԽжҲߣԳȥ֣Ϊĳ˵ִѡ
±ת˴ȦҲڱĿ񣬶ǽȫע˴ľ棬ͻȻһ飬һͣ±ͣ³ʹӳȥȻֱߵ¥֮һС棬С׵ľһ䡣
ӣôˣ±ŵĻʵ
ЦЦָߵ±磬㲻ô䣬Ⱑ
ôһ˵ȫյ丽Ҳһͷˮôһ䣬ûʲôرĵطӣָĵײ͵ǲſȥ䣬һƤĥ࣬Ϊÿ춼Ҫᱻץץ࣬㲻һ㣬ҲԲ¶˵Ƥĥ
ĴչȥһɲôƤ¶ѾѿˣһǳµĦɵġżܴӣڻûʲô浹ˡǵúǰйʱþʱЩӾ棬û뵽쾹Ȼ
ӣѵڣ±ŻȻæʵȥúһٱӡ
˵ͷȴû˵׹֮ǰǰϺͱҹϣой׹һЩϡصľһţеֵʣֻģûкֵôóʮָȤǣųԱһΪ֪ˣҲû֪ǵľݵʲôط
ʱǷϿ˺ܾãȷдţŵĳԱҲڽǧˣ˿ϡٵ׹˵Ѿһɺܴˡ
ҪõĶõ׹УԳڵһʱͶš
Ǽƻб֮ڶŽе飬Ȼ취εԼɼƻԶϲϱ仯ݵè壬һӦŵĺܿš
ֱһ׼ڼϳԷʱΧĿ췢˺ܶ಻ͬѰĵطóȷܾܿһݵ㣬ǲܲǾͲ֪ˡʵϳҲܺ棬һ˺ߵĵطЩ˵ôģѲˣ
췢ߵķֲͼҿ˵췢ɴཫԼıʼǱԵݸ˳źߵķֲͼ˳˼֮С
Ӻ󣬳˱ʼǱԣ첽߳СӣҲû˵ֱӸųߡĸ˻ص˳⳵ڣú췢ֱȥҸϢͬʱ֪ͨʣµ£ʮӺȫصǻݵķ䡣
һֱݵķ棬һֱѵɳϣִ򿪵ӣӵȻʾ˹ĸΧһ𣬳˵Ҫҵĵطûû˾Ͳ֪췢ߵϸĸ˵һ顣
췢ϸϸ˵һ飬飬֮ʱͷڡպ췢˵ʵϲÿ춼ŵģһʲô飬ͻᱻ˴򿪣Ժǣ˳Ҳȥ
Ѿƿأ˳˽ȥⲻǸôԼоһǷʲô飬Ż
ŵܾݵ㣬ôʲô£ɽ־档
ӣôˣüġ±յǰһɻʵ
һĿᶨķʰ±ʲôطԿٵռϢ׼ȷٶȿֵطڻǮ⡣
±ָָ£Ц˵ӣڸҿЦôҲʲôطֻҪҪϢﶼܵõ
Ȼ򣬶԰ֻݵ飬ôѻݸأνϢƼĵطֻҪǮʲôϢռ
±磬ȥͣͣҪڻݸм¼񣬶˵Ҫһѣ⸽ʧˡһĴȣæ˵ģֱʮ𼱡ڳ˵һᣬһεеĻᣡ
±ҲϻϺ췢˾뿪˻ݵķ䡣һȥϴȻȥ˯ȻżԻеģļԲȶһжԤ¹ӿˡ
ߵԡҵſڣʹŲŶһȥϴ裬ʿأ
ãȻתȴվԼǰȵıϢĲϣůůģġ


474 Ѫ
ʱɵˣɵĿ֪龫ֵСѾͷҪ
ȵϢڳĲϣԶеĸоԿʮǿɼҲǸˣһʲô뷨
˳һۣҲŲҪȥڷأͦõģҾסˡ
һѪȥǲȥڸ˼ҼһҪҪŪôˡæһֱ֣ӽøԼܵ˸ڣһȥ¿һӳ
һжԺ󣬳˯һȾҹʱ±ŵ˸ߵſڣһţڵһâ
±ҽһŵһƨ˵ϣʱڵĵƴˣϰһŭɫĵŰ±лһذףذʮֶСȴķڵƹ˸źâذףŰ±εѵԺ˯ʱҪҲ͵͵ģȻʲôҿǸŲ𡣡
±ͷʵó˵±ѾˣԺ飬ҲԲų˯ġųƺͳֵĳ̶ȣǳһѾĨĲˡ
ذףɨһ۰±󣬲ûзֺ췢ӰӣЩɻʵ췢أһȥô
췢ȥ˸Ϣ±ĵ˵ҡҡͷð±췢йڳ췢˲ţҶǳ㵱ɹǸɳԱ˲ţȻܺͨСܴһ
һ±ͺ췢ˣ췢ӣűʼǱԡΪȤź췢ɳϣҿʵصôˡ
췢˵㣬һߴ򿪵绰һ߽͵Χĵ̫ˣһЩػ׹һЩţȥѯʻ˷Ѻܶʱ䡣
ôʵ
췢ʾֱЩصվҵмصԵĵַȻһ֣ٽصƵļȫȻ鿴ʡ˹ʱ䡣
ͬ˺췢뷨췢ǾԵȨרңһġǣɴð±һ£췢׼һЩԵĺȵģСӽϾͱϢˡ
췢ˡЦе˵
췢æ֣Ż۵ϸֳɫЩ˷ܵ˵磬˵Ļ˵ʵҺܾöûôȤˣ˵û綼þˡ
ЦЦ췢עϢŪҲüͰ±˸кͽ˯ȥˡܶϲʱһЩ飬ȴûë˴Ҳˣ߶ʮһֱӾ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬ľˣ򿪷׼ȥϴһžͿĺ췢췢űʼǱĵĻҿʮϸ棬ߵ߶ûв
վں췢ŷԭ췢ڿһЩ¼û뵽췢ЧʻͦģѾ׼ˣȻϢûϢͿʼɸѡƵˡ
ˣȥѰ±Ҽ˹Ҹһɸӡ䲻Ŀ˵췢һ£ƺǱһתͷǳæĵͷźȦȥˡ
췢Ƶļ˵ֻ棬һӵ˶ʼͷֻ÷ɿ죬ûõƵֱӴˡÿ˷ҲÿϰٸƵһʱġ
æһ磬˼ٸƵûҵʲô෢͵̫ѨֹӶˣȥԷԱڼɻ
˵껰վͬʱصֻֻѾùˣ±ֱֻˣû취˭гֻ˻أ˵ƵˣƬŶѾ
ùصֻֻϻƵһͷסˣһˣһﴩװˣΪ׵ľȻǸŮɡʱסˣĶֻĻžͿЩߵǸСȥȻܾúܾöûг
磬ôˣ췢˳쳣չʵһʣҲպÿֻϵĻ棬һ˼ģŻϵЩ죬ɾ벻ˣҲ׹˶һɡ
һ汦ģչҲ˻棬ʱ찡ⲻ˿ŵˣʲô
˿ţһ£Դٵţܿҵ˺˿йϵļ䡣͵׹֮ǰĶ˺ܶϣо׹ŵģ֮ǰǸֻһصţ֮еκһ
׹ŷֱ˽Ѫꡣʾƽʱ޶ûĹĻ˵Ǿɱ˷Ż°аŮ⻵¶ˡ
˵˿˻ľͲӦóȻ˿ȴˣһǸСӣôöûгܿѾĵطҲŵܾݵ㡣
ȷ˿ˣʵ
ͷŽ͵϶ǣһһú˿ĿһģΪ˿˴ҼǵúǸëŮŵĺܣҪǿ˿ˣһǹ
һ亹˵СѾͷ̫ײˣ˼ҳҲǾͷŭ䣬СѾͷã仰˵Ҫ˼ҡ
ƵܿͿ˿˴Сǽȥʱһ˻һˡú췢Ŵ˼ػ棬ʱŵ˾Ȼһ۾ͷˡ
ˣһȥȻЩ˾ͼǸˣ·ߵһ棬ﳤȥ
췢ۼֿ죬һͣĿĳƺšǺ췢ʼǸƺţܿͷ˿µĳҲǸŮĳ
±˶ɵˣû뵽Ȼ˿ˡ
ʶһ⣬һŵܾݵ㣬ںΪʲô򿪣ȥһһоͶˡһ׷ЧʵˣȻѾҵڣͲᵢʱ䣬±㲼һ£ͺ췢а±ĸȥ¶һ
췢Ļʲô⣬ߵʱˣ˵Ҫ⻰ð±һ񣬾ͳֻҪ˱ȥұ˵鷳ոˡ
ݾСʮֵĽ˲кܿ͵ǸͰĸоһ£ͰֻҪƿܾܿͨݵĽ뷽ʽҲǼ򵥣ӦʮţԼľݵ㲻ᱻ˼ҷ֡
ȻʵϲǳˣǸ˿˻ǴҡڵĽˡ
˳ͨȥԴϵͰҲԶˣʱصؿһۣһťصĻᱻ˸һüͷ˵Ѫζ
ѪζǵģҲŵ˿еǹζô򣬳ѪҺζʮУһ̳˲õԤУһ뵽ЩǿĺԺ
һ·ӳľһţ췢Ͱ±ǰͬʱƿšһ򿪣̱ǵѪζʹܽ˱棬ɨһһŻҲǼѪ˵ʬ嶼ûʲôоǰһĻѾķΧҲ΢΢ü
Ժ󣬾һʵ۾ܿ沼˺ߡǽȫѪ϶ʬ壬ܶʬ嶼Ѿʬ飬ӦǱ߸ֱˣֻǲ֪ǻŵʱģԺ󡣳ϣǺߣǰһ;ۡ


475 ǰ
ӡ⣬ô£±û͸³תͷʵ
̫ˣŻȻ̼Ұһ̾
ں췢һԲһµˡ
ҡҡͷֲ֪﷢ʲô飬˵ز˾ôʬǷǳģǿǹѪζֱץ
Ͻ뿪һʵڴȥˣһ˹ǣƻֱӰǸˡ
صԺ󣬳һǳԡңϽϴ˸裬ѪζҲ֮ɢˡһĻ滹ڳصţЩǱˡ
Ȼ뿪ĵطҲ򵥵Ĳ鿴һֳʬЩ󱻺߷ֽġÿ˵϶һЩǹˣ˿ҲкܴĲ졣
ǹͳǹһɨ䣬˻ûӦô£ˡ洫ϾҲǹеרңЩһ۾ܿó
ԡصͷҳһ̣ȼһڡ۾΢΢죬Щʬ֮ӵʬ壬һЩŮ˵ʬ塣ܾݵҾġӣ˿Ҳû˿ĴѹҲԸ˿ˡ
˿ΪʲôҪ壬췢׹ʱãûյⷽϢһ˼·ԡҵţ䲻ĺһɤӡ
Һãԡ֮仹һϣȻǵ߹˲洫ǵûУһʮֵ͵Ǿ˶ʶʲô˻˿ˣҿǸëŮĹ˵˵Żôɡ
һǾԲŵģһŶԼĹ涨µ˼ǺʲôڣҲԼǸŮĵλܸߣҲܻȥ塣ο뿪ʱǻһˣϹӣĿǸˣǻĹˡ
뵽Ͻ·ûɾʪĳ嵽˿棬ź췢飬Ҳ飬汻ߵǸˣʲôݣ
췢һ飬Ǳ͸ŵˣæ˵ȥǸ˵ϡ췢ǵԸ֣˵һͨ˵ˣ׹ͷһЩˣֻҪеĶһ鵽ġ
Ȼ췢һˣֹ磬˵Ǹ˵˻ǹ
պ췢ҳϣǸ˻ǻĹˣڶʮǰѾ׹ĹӷɵĽǶ˵Ѿ׹ˡڰ׹Ժ󣬾ˣ֤дΪ˳滹ʬƬһж֤Ѿˡ
ȷϣȻЩƬǶʮǰģɺԾƵǸˡһʮǰ˵ˣʮȴǿдˣⲻЦô
ͻȻ¶һĨζЦݣˣ˵˻ǹ
췢ϵĶЩģЩȴΡȻǻᱻ˵ɵתζѵ췢΢΢һ㶣һҲʲôɵҲЦ
ιЦʲô׷ʲô˵ͲסӣգŴ۾һɻʵ
ʮǰǿƼһֱ׹ҲûﵽزƬϵʬĻԲڶʮǰеģҼУһ˵ʬҲܵǸƾһ㣬ͿȷʬƬĵġ֤ȷȷʵʵġ
ʮǰǸ˾Ͱ֤Ӵ˾һһһϢûʮȴصαƬһжųʮֲ򵥣һŸܡ
ǣΪʲô壬˿ΪʲôҪ˴ߣѪǸǳġ
üͷּ˿ûɶ֣ܿһжǸĹйϵ׼ȷ˵ǸѾʵκιȵˣΪʮǰѾˣκιҡ
˻һҧŵĻϣ˵ֻǵƲѣɣҺͰ±ЩƵ֮û˽ĻءǳȥռϢסһҪԼռԲܴݾߡҪ֪ǸŮ˵Ϣ
췢ǼԱʹó˵ҲʵʵһƵʲôҲܹڵһʱ顣ƽʱȻ龫ֵģҪ飬Чʻǲ¾ʹ뿪˻ݣʼȥѰǸŮһϢ
ڻݵķ棬һһ磬Ծûҵʲô͵۾޲ӶڵˣֿƵֱʲôĥˡ
ӣ˽ȥˣ±һĴȣΪŵĺһɤӡ췢ͳͬʱ˹ȥͼػϳ׹ˣƺ˵ʲôһ˵һСߡ
췢һ£ļ¼񣡡ع񣬼æ
췢ɨһĻһ»سһЦ͵磬ÿˣʵʱ¼Ҳ˵ЩСߣһ̣ӦŵĳԱɡ
췢˵껰һЦϢҲռˣʱǰǰν뵽Сˣȥ˿⣬ʣµľȫŵˡΪЩȥ˶ûгѾԼܾݵ棬һҲǹˡ
һ˵ֵҪǻȥԺ󣬷ԼѶ˸ɵˣǻʲô飬ʲôı飬ǵʱ˹ʹˡ
ȻĻ±磬췢ȥһˣ˵ô¡æ˵
췢ͳƨƨߵ˻ݵ¥ڵ滹һֵˣϴųۣеĳֻۣǾ·죬ȴһʱ֮Ҳ벻Ǵ￴Ĵ硣
췢ղǸˣ·ʲô˼뿪˵ݣЩɻʺ췢췢룬ҲֻҡͷȻҲǾ죬ɾ벻·״ʲô
һ·ŻݵĴȥǰ췢ٺ˸ߵݵĴſڣ췢ǾһæתҲֱܳӳŵݳ˹ȥ췢ϾһԺڿͣȻ˱Ȳ˵ģܵ˵ſھѾʼڴڵĴŴˡ
ۼֿ죬췢ҲصˣʲôĻæɣǳҲɿ˹ȥһס˳ͷʵ췢ôˣ
췢ָŵȥ˵ǸˣǸǹӶǰսӵˣ
һ£˵սӵôˣܰ˸˲ɡȻ췢Ұ͵һдǵһСͷĿ˵ͷˣû뵽ǰսӵ


476 
ǻʲôŭһתݺݵİ˵ݵİŷֵݻĹС췢ᶼˣǸҵһǹ֣ڽս޻֮
һڣ˵绰ȥǱȥ˵껰Ҳܺ췢ʲôģֱ뿪˵ݵſڣһԵİȫͨ˹ȥһһ߿ٵĽм㣬ʱ˿̳Ӿһ̨߶ȽļŵݵٶȣԼǸпҵʱ䣬һ֣˼̾͵¥ߵǰÿҲҪһӵʱ䣬Ҳ˵һڸϵķ䣬ȻСҲǱˡ
ģƴˣŭһ˲䷢ı䣬һ˫ī۾䣬·ȫΪ˽£ԭرһԹ˰ǫ̈̄ͨףΣǿĵͱܿܵ¥
ֻۿȣǹּܵĺ֢ڼôȥܿԼôĶ֪ˡ
ҲԼΣ֮˾Բ뷨͵һԾֱӴӰȫͨĳڵ¥ȡķ¥ȵм䣬ҧææ˹ȥ
ܵſԺ󣬳æţȴû뵽һ˲ͱˣӳȴǸһµˡһãŤȻ£ڳµһ˲䣬һ죬ӵͷƤӹȥ
Բۣжʱһֻӹ˵ԵšϧǳѹͲκηֵĻᣬµһ˲ӻȡذףһγеذײ֮ǰ±һѣһѣںһЩ谵ڼϸš
ںɫذ׷ֱӲ˵ϣʵҲ˷ӦֻǳķӦٶʵ̫ˣѰ϶ôӵ񣬶ȴһ붼ûе飬ǴʱԱܿĶһΪǹȻֱӴˡ
Դˣʲôֵģһֻ֮꣬ҲһһЩܵķӦֶԷҪɱʱѾܵĿʼˣڳıжܳĴָˡ
һѰγذף㵽һԣ͵һ½Ÿˡʱ췢ӵܳһǱģЩǵʵ磬㿴ûУҸղŴ˵绰û˽ӡ
Ķʱһ룬ղʱ˾ѾˣѵѾ˸ˡһ񺮣һ߿˷ţһ߿ž;һʹһյĸо漴ȫһǸ˾ȻվſڣһѾµǹĴϡ
磡췢һһ߿Ǹˣת˳һ£ŭһߵһһеĳĴѪֱҲմȾŲٵѪẉ̂ҲٵıѪȾˡ
Ѫζ̼ųĴԣⱲϲŵζԼϵѪζָоץˡ
磬û°ɣߣס췢ûע⵽ڵ쳣ææųͰơƿ˺췢Ŀϣָź췢ĺʾԼ
췢ԣʵʵתͷȥȻǸֱͦͦڵϣ췢˰ŷ˵ؿѾûˣѵǣˣ
췢۾ûпʲôʱµ֣ôͻȻ֮ˡǰںɫذףЦذףҴһӲģú඾ĺö
඾
췢ʱһľ֣ڸղţذ׵Ա߻ƣһСıСˡٿ治ɫ콫ϣẦµô
췢СȰذȻ߹ȥǸ˵ĳۣԼϵĿ֡һ͵׹ˣԲ۾ƺԼôˣ˫ɫ۾ʮˣڳҰޱǰľˡ
ν񣬿˵ͷս˦˦첲ֽǰذջ䣬ڳһʵĵʣԱ֤ᱻذ׵Ķ˺
췢һգ˲ͷϵ亹ڨڨЦ磬Ҳô˵ɣһҹ֮ɱ˶ֶʮˣֱӵǸС͵ĹӶŶ𡣡
һҹ֮䣬Ǿ͵Ϯˣֶγ֮ԱǣҪ͵Ϯɱ˶ԷʮҲʲôˡվЩǰǹһɨ䲻͸㶨ˡû뵽׹ΰȻôңӶܵĴڣĲ˵˵ġ
磬Ƕ档췢ȥתһȦԺһʧ͵ǵ˵
΢΢һ㶣ȴһûѾǺϢˣǸղ棬ͱνˡ
ϵ˿Ȼ£˵ѪҺϾ޵ģѾʼоģˣϽú췢ȥñҩˮȰ˿ڴһ˵򵥵ļһ˿ڣӵֻǲ˴һѪܣŻŪѪöӵֱӴ˵ϣԳûɶ˺
óԶټܲһ۵ŵϵѪһѾʼǣҪҪѪһˡ
ǰŸ£Ͱ±˾ͻˣһݾͱɵˡ
ǰɳϱĿأ۵һһĶֱӺϣҲһ˿ڼҪѹˡ
أôôˣɱģ˭ɵġû꣡ųޡ
ûһѪֱȥףֻƤʧѪѣôݺݵһѹǲҪˡ
ԴɳƵСѾͷûҲ챻ѹˡȿȣ͸ˣôСѧ˼Ϻ
һæſ˳ܵ˵ϣŷֳûʱɫǺ죬ղŵľٶƺеˡ
һ³һѪĭ±ᶼˣЦʲôֻһƤ˶ѣܺùλɡ
ע⵽ϻһأתͷˣʱɫ࣬ݺ˵ãܺãû뵽ȻѾˣڵһʱ֪˵ݣҲܲµղŵ׷ʲôΪʲôˡ
磬ҩˡ췢ĹֱӾ˳ǰĲ輸ϡɨһֹۣȫɴҩˮһЩڷҩ⻹㣬СӾȻҺĶˡ
εЦЦʾòЩ˿˼򵥵״һЩֹѪҩҧԼһȦһȦ˿ڸ
磬ĲȥҽԺô췢һĵʵҲͷ
͵һ̣Цˣûôǰڹڵʱұʬ棬ϵ˿ڶˣ񻹲վ
ʲôôһ˵ֻЩ˰ģʻûôû뵽⻰۵һ˳Ŵʱ滨СѾͷﻹг뺷ģ
˵ˣ˵û¾û£췢˰ʰһ£ûʲôõĶȴҸ˯һ±һ˵Żһ߹
ڰ֣Ϩе̣վƵ뿪˷䡣ͺ췢ųıӰĿԣȴκ͸м


477 ı
ˣ˿ǺصˣȻʮܵĲһЩƤ˰ˣڹЩǸνѾǸˡ
˵ǻص棬ȴ췢Ͱ±˳ȥߺ󣬳һͦӴϱΪʧѪԵʣ촽Բ԰ףβסüɷ
ǰʲôɽѾˣö֮Ҫѹû˵ҲǿЦϾ׹ڹڣ͵ɹڲǸ޷ֵС죬˵һ׹ĸȳҪǿˡ
ĳóʶһ⣬ôҪ׹վȽŸͱȰ׹Щʰһ£룬վЩܹ黹ҪϴƵġ
µһ£׹ΪҪҲĸټϽͻȻðˡĸһǳǵ˵ġ
ʾ˿Ĵ֮ˣɼ˿ôҲŵһܾݵ㡣ֶεĺݶ̶ȼֱ˷ָɴһֽ֪׹д棬Ȼһʼ
óĵȴǸߵĻĹˣǸ˵ʲôܣóǸ˺ŵĹϵӦǷǳģ˿Ϊʲôŵľݵ㣬Ҫ֪ǸŮɺŵʲôڣҲСӶŹ
ɱڣնݳǳΨһ뵽ˣ֮ʵ벻ʲôԭЩӶϷŹŵĺߣ˵ʬ嶼һʬ顣
ǸŮ˲̬صĶʵ̫ˡűʣ˿дĸ֣ŮɡȻͿʼֽһ
㱼䣬ƺ뵽ʲô˿֮ܿΨһŦǸˣǸŮǿдߵˡݺ췢鵽ϢǸ˵ݸءҧջһ
ȻľݵѾˣ֮ǰͺ췢ֿ˽˾ݵ㣬ɫ뿪ˡʱŵѾ֪Ϣ˿ʵһʱҲ׵ġ
ʱһͷЩϼһҪҵĶʲô֪ðһźǸˣûعúôһ飬˿ֳˣžеģǸν
׹ĴѾ߳һóеΣУԼʮ֣ҳͺ췢⣬ʣµ˻Ͼǰʲô顣
ֲ㣬Ҫٵε⡣͵̫Ѩһ̣һ߳һͳԼ˻ĵ绰°װã˼Ǹ޷ĥĺ롣
Ȼһ˲绰ͱͨˣһ˵ĲǸŮˣһߵСӣͷΡ
̣ʱһ£ȻǻȫһԵĳ鵽˷棬ǺóԲֹһſͨ졣ʲô첱Ӵ֣Լˡ
ȿȣô㡣ʵ˵绰һ˳֮СΣ֪ϺӦʲôأɴҲֱԲˡ
ͷֲ㣬ûжľȥҪõĶǲ֪ôʹ컰ôһЩˬʵ
ǵģڳ뿪֮ǰϺ˵ˣҪĶԲܸ߳ʲôһжҪԼ仰˵ǳöʱ򱻵ץסҲҪͻĹʲôϵҲΪԭ򣬳뿪ʱһ˶û֤һеĶ˹ڡ
Դ׹Ժ󣬳һε˼ĹҲǲ˲ģһó޷ܵġ
СӣʢǺ£ЩѾ˵ˣͲ֪ˡԼԼֻҪһ绰һˣ߻
һڣֱӹҵ˵绰ֻ˳Ŵ˳ȥϺ꣬һһʱ˵ı˭ʲôҪʲôǾͻ֧ԮʲôڿɵãǮʲôûˡ˵һ仰ҲСģҲЩˡ
Ϻ˵Ҳԣĵ˵һὫûϺҲӦ˳Ҫ󣬳ûʲôɺþܾġҪصڣƻȥҲ·һûûȥϺһ׼ƴ
ģϱǲǱϺĺˣôݡһڣе̶һȥʧѪ࣬˯õİ취ˣߵʱѪ
һӽҲȥ˼Щ߰飬ɴɳϣûþͻ˯˹ȥ
ͬʱڵ֮Уͷ׵ǲʽ绰ĬҲûп˵ʽ绰ĻͲСǰ߷˵Сӣȥ˰³ҪǮûʲôϢ
죡˹ȥߺݵһۣеĵ绰Ͳתߡ
ԭأЩε̾˿治֪ʲô£Ȼƫ˻հˣҪʲô£ɴɾ˹ȥһΪ˶ĿһҲǲϣ˽ݺϵһȥ
һУ֪һֽ֪϶ץϺҪʮʮ¹
ӣӣ⴫±Ȼ˯оѣʶסذףعȻһЦ±˯һϴγֲݰɡ
˸һȳһյȥţһžͿ±к췢Ųͳ췢һЩɾɴҩˮ
磬ԷҸ㻻ҩ췢ͷЩ˼˵
˵ͷýҲŲͳʳ㿪ʼá췢ɿ죬ԹһţŵĹСѾɴȫˣûоʲôʹĸо
ղûٸ˴˿ڰɡһţ̣ʵ
췢εɨһѾͷԼҲ˲ٵˡ
һȥָŲ輸ϵİֽ˵Ҵ㣬˿ڲһҲڵʱ䣬һе±ġҪ¡
ڿֽôһ˵˶סˡʲôʱȻҪȥ˿ڲⲻǿЦô˿׹֮һȻ˵µ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˭ȥܽȥġ
ѧ࣬Ҳ֪ǲΪ˵Եʣ죬ֻĬĬĵ˵ͷĬ˳ľ
±֣ЦӣⲻǿЦôңܹܵˡ
˵ܵˣ͹ܵˣɨһ۰±˵ĺˣڵʱ±ģЩӵ±Ļ͵ӵϴ
±ڨڨĵͷҲͲˡ˵ʵ±˼ʽϻǺбµģֻŪãĶûˡ
磬Ҹһȥ췢Ŀᶨƺ˺ܴľȻԴ˱ʾʮ⡣Ͼ췢һֱߣЩ˸ˣ췢ʱҪһȥɼ췢һ粻неġ


478 
ûҪʰߣһһ뿪̳ôＯϡڰ˵ͬʱվңҪһɾ·ȫѪҪö֮ĳȥûӾͻᱻ׹ľˡ
ȳʱѾûˣɨһ¥£ÿ±һ뿪ġǣһҲ뿪˻ݡ
ճ˼˼Ժ󣬾ԶƬֻһ۵̳湤˳ݸĶȻҲˣøǮ͸˵ĻѾˡ
Ǯ˷֣˺췢±⣬ÿһԪ㹻⼸ĿˡȻ󷽣ɵӣϾЩ˸ոոֻϣһǺȾƳ⣬˳飬óԽȥɶҩ
磬Լȥ˿ϢһΣյġ磬Ҹȥɡ췢ųţƺĵҪһȥ˿ڲ
Դˣҡҡͷʾһȥ˿ϣκˣԲܴ˶Ŀ󣬳ԼǲҪ鷳仰˵ں췢֣Ϊ׸ոˡ
˵췢СҲ̫żˣӻûô˿ŵڲأͿʼצĲӣͲһӸһȥ±ߵʵ±Ҳʵǲ̫ܵģϾҲųһȥ˿ţȻƣͲκεĻᰡ
ڵ֮оէ֣ԣ±˵ڳҪԵҪ⣬Ҫ˿ţͲ˿žһ³ο֮ǰڻݵʱѾ¶ڻѾʮˣһԪȥݸ߸һӣţòѾ֮С
̾һ֪н죬ͻһķʽˣΪ֮ǰķٶܻͺ췢⼸¡һ㣬Ǵڹ
ˣҲˣҸطЪЪš췢Ķһ١ڰ֣ʾ˱ٳˣۡ췢ӹеһŰֽžͽ̳ĳУ˵Ҳ֣ҪĶڳ涼С
Ͱ±ڸһطʵǲϵ·ջֻ鷳±·ˡҵһ۵Сùݣ׹ֽùкܶࡣ˼һǿֻ˵˵ʲôĶˡ
ӣҶļ䷿̫խˣҿǰи¶Ŀȵ꣬ȥ±ȽϿ࣬Ҳһװ˾ţһӾ͵ͷһֻϺһ
ӣҲǣʵҲʲô̸ĵط⸽˶ӵģҲѡֵط
ȥ˿¶Ŀһ飬̵Ŀȹĵһоǣˡ
Ϻǣ췢СٶȻͦİ±һվһ߳ųȵЦͲת·Ͼ֪Ǻ췢ˣҪ췢ĶҲǺܶ࣬Ҳġ
췢еĹˣһԻųƺ֪ҪЩʲôõġ
˹һװۺƿȪˮ롣΢΢һЦû뵽ֵط췢룬һЩ򵥵¾͵˵濪ʼݡ̽ѨλЩ΢΢ʹУ˻һһжˣǸӢĳѾʧˣȡ֮һǿùȥˡ
ɤӣЦеʵôȻҵȲĳЩˣǿĹȥɡ
ĵͷǰСɵҲŲ˼£óʱЩˣԲһСѾͷģʮϵġ
磬ʲôѵǴ˵е찡ֱ̫ˣôģԲ˴۾ӲûڵϣǾԲŵģһʮϤˣȴ̼ģֱѾˡûһ˲ĹͰԼһˡ
΢΢һЦʵϻĹԻСֶڲеǰͦģڹڱЩݵĸֿԻᳰЦǸȡ
̸ʦǾʦĸ֣Ǹеĸ֡Ǹݳ˳ģʱԺĳԼǸðƻء
ݴңݳɵһģһϰߣЩǳϸ΢ĶҲȫһģһָоվӣھ濴һԼ
ȼһ̣ǳİ뿿ϣʱ򿧷ķ߹ȷϣɨһ۳ʮòʵãҪЩʲôô
ڰ֣ͷ߿ˣΪǺˣıȳ΢΢һЦǺϸġ
ӣȻҲᱻ˷֣Ҫôܽ˿ڲأҪ֪˿˴ǲ˵ġ±Щǵʵ׹һЩİ±ûа취Ū˿ȥ
ݰ±˿Ѿа͵ʷˣһԱϵϲеĲУ˿ŶһЩڸЩϼһ˾ӶߣĻһЩıߵĹˡɼ˿һеģü˿ŵڲԱ
췢΢΢һüƺ뵽ʲôæĽ˵Һǵ˿ÿҲһЩΪԼⲿԱͨڲһЩ˽ܽȥġҾ˵ЩⲿԱҲ̽ʲô鱨
ǣ۽üҴһĨ̵ζҪȥĵطûнȥģǸ˿ôڹôѶԸνο׹ˡ
뿪ݵʱѾõһϢôȥǾͱˡٵģǾסҪעһ㣬һʲôԾĵط͸Ͻߡ˵û취ȫԲ£ˣǡֻĻİЦѵ
ȻѾҪʰһһҲûʲôˡ
˵仰ʱڳȴһ㶼֣ڳʲô˶ûУȴ˵Ҫ׹һսӡ
ǣҶ֪ΪʲôоȻûһ˿һĻɣһжӦġ
ͺ췢ֻʮֵǵų˫ˮĴ۾֮жһЩĪ㺣±ȴûеơŮôеӢ۵Сڣϻ˵úðԹӢѹ˹أ㲻ӢۣҲۡ
ҳԱˣԼСģˣͼҵ飬ֻ鷳ġһ˵һ仰Ƕ˵ģСѾͷԣϣҲžһž͹ˣһĺ˿ţǳҲ׹粽еġ
˵껰뿪¶쿧ûʲôߵʱͷûлһ¡ǰ·ܳļǵһ׹ʲôǶҪò˵⼸СˣҲᱻεʹ
ƻʱ֣׹ĳֵϣֵԶһɫĻḶ́гԵкģһЩزġһƿһҹŶţഺ˳д࣬ö߽֮ǾˣҲᱻϳˣõıɡ


479 
ߵŶĹ̨ǰϰǸˣſڹ̨˯ų̀˵ϰ壬ѡ
ƵһһţĸֱǮﲻ۲Ƿ
Цһ£ָ˵ҪĶûţϰ壬ϸⷿǲǶʲô
ϰ岻ͷ̧ͷҪһָʱһ£̨ϵһڲҲժǺڲ˳ȻԼĿڴЦеϰ塣
ϰŻعæվһƣýӣȴûиŽȥ棬ûʸȥϾֻһСƣϰǰ¶档
Ҫʲôڣһͷ׵ҡҡϣеƷŲ裬ʵÿ춼˽ɫɫʲô˶УǴ󲿷ֶǻĹˣһ˸֪ղЩпڡ
ҲߵǰЩڿʣѺһڲſ˵Ҫһݣһǹ㹻ӵԼ鱨
΢΢һ㶣͵ֱ壬ŻƵ۾է֣´ųΪģ˿̬뵽һˣһԼĹѡ
׽𡣡߿˳һᣬ˼۸񡣳ֽе˲輸ϣˢˢİڷ׽𣬲಻١ƺ֪۸ˡ
ʲôˣô꣬ʲôĺܽɫûİ˾Ȼǵļ۸֪һΪȡ
߲ûж˵Щʲô˸ƬֿʼűĿ񡣱ߺޱʾѾʼĺ˵ˣ˵һһжһˡ
ֻúЦŪŲ輸ϵɰѵϴޣ겻׹òҿǲǵˡ
͵۾һֱ֮ӴͷµСص꣬ͷҪɷǣţͷʹǸ˴ӦܿͳʧˣŶѾˣǸҲ뿪˹Ŷꡣ
ɢ棬ŶȣЦЦű׵ߡ
Ҿ˵ղſ;ϤСʲôʱ׹԰С׹ô߲ˣҪʲôݣĻնˣ߶ųӵ۵ģȴǹ֮⡣
ѾʮڹҲһ̸֮ɫģֵ̫ˡΪСѾˣû뵽Ȼ˳뿪˻Ĺ׹ķˮ֪Сӿĺڵ꣬ʲôǮ
Ŀ˲輸ϵϣƺ뵽ʲô͵ذӱڻ߷ߵСӱˣø˵˵׹ʲôôˡǺһЩϼһƵͶ·˰ɡ
Ϊмɨһߣ˵ϲԹȻǽɽ׸ưŲ赭˵ûôЩЩ鲻Ҫǲô嶯Ҳ䵽ز
߶ʱƿڴһʱ֮˺ܶϤ֣Щ˵ҲǷǳϤġ
ˣͱˣҲ׹Ǵģûֻ֪һ֪ϴޣһҪܺ죬ȻҲȲˡ۾ѵ
ʶסͣε̾һ˳ϣҲǳЩ˵Ƥӵӳ׹ķˮҲСӵĶ顣
ҲϻֱҪʲô鱨ȻǳҪĶ߾Լȥңˣµ˲ο©Ϣ
˿棬ǰ⸽ǸŮ˵ϣУҼƦåˣЩԺͰŪߡɵ˵
ߵͷȴǲûжʣΪ֪ݣȻ˵飬ҲǰʣοЩ黹װƱȽϺáѾһοͷѧˡ
Сʱ󣬳Ӻ뿪˹Ŷ꣬طԺҲͲˣʵ׹Ÿȣġһ֪ϰϴޣɴͲˣЩ飬ǣ̫ˡ
ЩϲֶΣѾ˾ռˣϴ޼ȻѾûҪڽۏˮˡ
󣬻һ¥һ𷢱ĻԸŮ߹Ůߵм䣬ͱ˸ΧסˣΪ׵ŽŮƤЦߵС椲ǮǸ缸档
ŮɨһˣѾŭˣڱĵطȭŰЩϹ۵ɫǸɵˣȻŮһݣڻֳʲôӣҲ治ɣû취ͱ˽
ĻͿŮŭѹŵĲһӵа
ڶȼͦõģͻȻһæ˰²ҵˣû죬ֽܲ˹ʲô˶УˡЩ̰ɫģŮ޲ýǵӸڳκΣҪ͵һ㣬ܶ͵Ͷ͵һ·Ѿ˲ٵå˾ռˡ
ϣСŮƢͦ𱬣ǾϲģһˬΪ׵һЦ
ԱҲŸţһ˵Żһ֣Ůز˹ȥŮһ۾סŵǹȻһ㿪ˣסһҪסܱ¶ݡ
Ů̲ȴԽԽҵĵϷǿмסŮĸ첲һɫԵĶزֺݺһ£ϴĴ޲ýֱӰڵϣɸʹ졣
ŮԲ۾ʱ򼴱뷴Ѿûа취ˣ˫ֱļţ޻֮
ŮҧɨһȦϧڴ沢ûпԼˣʱЩˡЩ˵ôԺҪǴϴԺĵλܴܵӰ졣
ŮţȴһûŹԽԽܹеΪ׵ְŮ˵ĻԲβֺݺݵ֮
ŮûιȥҲ֣ͣЩ˵УŮ˲һˣåΪЩУǳһǳ̼ķ羰ܶӶҲͣ½Ų۾ǽŮͣ
СŮ㺰Ҹ㣬ҪŮˣûʧֹ߰ɣúˬһˬΪ׵һЦţʱѾקĽŮק˻ݵſڡ
ŮҧãܺãֻҪ뿪°֪ôġ
ʱ򣬴Ŵˣ֮ĳƵ߽ɨ˽Ůһۣôһʧǰôûע⵽Ůֱ˼Ⱦ͹ˡ
ÿù·ǵĺ£Ϊ׵һѽƿ
Ůһţ͵һѿߵˣæ˳æ˵˧磬ҡ


480 Ů
Ůųĸ첲ǰųֱۣһĦóʮáɫǣﲻһͷûС
˧磬ҡŮŰĻĹԣƺǲǰǻĹˣŹôġ
˳ǣһ˫žɫȻɨɨǰåʾŮåΪ׵˼״̾ըˣָųıŭðϹӣû缸ֺôʶĸϿȻûˡ
ôĿûˢˣ۾˫۵ļⱩƴս״̬
ֵĳų߹Ǽѳ۵ļһŪߡȻûߵǰ˾һöŵŵرһסΪ˵Ĳӣ΢΢˱ҽһֱӻȥ
һһһϣΪмһֱ֣ӽΪ׵åˤ˳ȥ֣˲Ʒһ׳ӣȻʵϳûöֻ˳ƴһ˺ԵѨλѡһֿʮֲֿײУʵ̺һЩҽѧʶ
ʣµ㿴ңҿ㣬˼æϵСͷĿͷҲصľˡ
Ǳܰб±ܰʱ򣬽ŮĴӳð˳
״ֻҡͷЦ֪Ů˶ŵ˶ЩʲôͻΪŮĿɰˡ
ŻߣŮ״æס˳һ˫ˮģųʵȱߡңʲô֪ء
˰֣ȴû˵Լ֣СˣŮһеҪ죬Ա㡣
˧磬Ҳô˰߰ɣԷʲô㡣Ůæס˳˾ǲߡŮǼƵֵǸˣ˿ŵһͷĿۿַǳãѾ˼ҪܸԺҲ°빦
ŮͳԷҵȻȥڻҪȥԣݵİԱɲôġЦЦźۼƿ˽Ů̧žͳŵȥ
ŮһҪݵİֱǰϹһĺùô뵽ŮϽܵݿڣֱӵڳǰæ˵Сż˵㲻ҪһݹôҲҪһڣҵıôннҸԪ
¶ɻһͷˮŮȻһжġղһĻСåȫǳģϴյϢŮᵽʲôͲ֪ˡԴŮԺ˾һֱڶ
ֱղŮյ˳ָŻȥɧŽŮϣ취ȻģҲǶԸŮõķˡοŮӶϷŹڳû˿ֻɫһƤҰޡҰ޵ʱ򣬻ʲô¿ԡ
٣۸Ǻ˧磬ȥԸ¡ŮЦе˵ûʲôӦ˳ס˳ĸ첲ų
ŮԶе˲䴫˳ȫУò˵ŮȻʲôöĻǽġòشȳһͷӲӵ㷢˵˼伫Ʒˡ
ֻɤЩɣԺĻգǱŮק˸һ棬ŮһЩûʲôӦֻЩˡ
˱߳ԱģŮʵСô׹ּڻĹҲӦһݲĹɡﻹʲôˣ
ŲæţţشڹڵˣѸ˳·֣˵ݿļ۸ͦߵġҼôûʲôˣһˡ
Ļ٣ټſҺʵŮֻ֮һ꣬ûлЩʲô򵥵ĳ˼ţţ㿪ʵ˵ıڣԺҵϰˡǣһŮӣҪʲô㲻ǲӰɣ
Ůôһ˵ʱЦˣһЦһ˵ôƯĲôΪвҪɧңⲻղŶˡǼģӴ˱Ƚ϶࣬һЩå߱ңҾͷˡ
üͷƺ˼ǲŮµ棬ֱ˳ߣǰ׻һƬֱӱһۿ˵ͣԲβһ£ŮȻֱ˳ϣ޳ָ
˧磬ѵ㲻ԸⱣôŮʵ˵ʱǻԲеԵβ˲䣬ʱһѪӿ;Ů֮µɵòӦ
ŮһҲо°ʲôһ£ʱͻʧɫæصԼλȥžµ΢΢죬ڸղţȻʮҪ˷ϵ涼ԼԲһ¡
ֻΪ˾ǻĹеĺأŮһЩεĺһڿȡ
ʱͿЦˣûиСϷģô£˻ҲֱӾͲˡʮŮ˾Բǿ򵥣֮Իղľٶ̽ɡ
ڵݾһ˲űˣȨƿνǷǳǱģһŮͶͱһ㷴Ӧ˵ȥˡ
һһԵ˵ϰ壬ԺҾ͸ˣһĸԪô
Ů¿ȱͷͬʱҲһܾǰ˷ǳأȻͨͨ˫۾է˵һжˣܵõôһðֶ֣Ϊء
ܿ죬˳˷Ůų뿪˸һһɫγͣǰŮʾϳҲʣֱϳ˳Ժŷ֣˾ǸˣҲʮˡ
óȤģ˾ԱߣʻˡǸˣӢͽŮ࣬Ҵ˶Ի濴˵Ĺϵһ㣬ˣҲһȵĽ࣬˵ĶԻг֪˵ֽнɭ
Сһʱ͸Žɭ̽㣬ÿ춼ҪЩʲô顣ŮǸнɭ˵˼仰֮󣬾ŤͷųԸ
΢΢һ㶣뵽Լݣ˵ɻǿڹ˵ǲУϰ壬һҸˣ㲻Ǯô졣
ʻĽɭʱЦ˵һ׹ŵ˼ڳЦǸñŮ˽ɭһۣתͷȳİɣøǮһݶٵġ
˵껰Ůһƣǰһֽ³ˡǸɭ뿪ˡ
ĹĵǽŮȥ򣬰մϴ￴ϣŮ˿֮ҲСһŮǿˣֵһҲڰʮϣ˿ȻģҲ糤ӵġ
ΪŮΪֶΣֻҪȥ飬ʹûɵġ²⣬Ů֮ԻȥţһΪǸصˣǸ˱󵽵ʲôܿܺҪҵĶйء
֮ڵҪĿľǴ˿ŵڲȻӴǸˣȻǽŮߵģô˾ʮа˾ŻڽŮϡ㣬Ѿ˿ţôŮ߾пܼǸˡ


481 ű
ɫγڽһǰͣɭųǰվˣ˿һ۽ɭŴ˱ĴšȻһֱڽɭȴҲй۲죬ܴ˵ǹűˣ¥ôߡԺкܶ¹Ȯһ飬ԺһؿľػѲߵˡ
һжУﲻͨסҲ˿ŵһݵ㡣ļƣŸţ˿ŵʵСܵıϵͳǸ˺пܾűˡ
ɭų˹űȴûдߣǽŵһڣߵʱ߳뿪䣬ȻʲôǸŲ
ͷûж˵Щʲôɭһ棬úϻ
ɫԽԽ棬豸һӦȫ滹׼õĺƺͼ͡Ҳɳϴݵĳ
̽ͷǳûȴһĶַӾͻᱩ¶ݣ³ͲԶˡű˻Ǻֶεġ
ˣʲôˣмͷıҲֱ˶ŵĸоܲãԳԱԺֱӽ档
֮󣬱ڴϣĿɨΧһ鿴ȻǷһͷݳľ֣ͷֻǶ׼˴ڴϵķΧͿ
һȴ治ɫڴϲͷķһ´ͷտҲЩ꣬ػ˼ȦóԼǲ˻˹Ȼʼר־ĴϷ
һһż˽ɭУűһȫǵԣĻһЩȵļ¼
һ˶źƱѺһںƣһҡŸ߽űһЦһͷԼ֫Ļˣôˡ
ɭüͷżźЩõĺ˵ֲǵĵĶǶġˣһڰˡ
һЦ߽űһ£˷ԸȥԸ˻ˡ
һϣһֻͺ¶˯ˡڶһ磬ͱ˳ѣֱӽ˳ȥڹűĺһС¥ÿһ䣬סȫǱںӶˡ
Щߺ󣬳˷һڣʲôҪݣַӽЩ۵Ļɫſ¡һֻһŴһͷһЩƷһС͵ϴּ䣬ĶûˡΨһҵľ沢ûзͷƶ˲鿴ˣȷûͷԺų׵һ
Ȼû˶ţǿԺϵˣһ绰Ǵ췢ġ绰һ˺췢Եʮּ磬أü춼ûϢֵǶסˡ
΢΢һЦѹ˵Ѿ˳˿ţҲһЩöŷҡ˵껰ֱӹҶ˵绰ԼҪĶȫöŷ˳ȥžͽֻصˡ
췢ڿʱ򣬾̿ʼѰҳλãû뵽ԼϴҲֱжеźԴ
Ĳȥͱˣղŵͦġ췢εĹصԣת˵
һҲ˵⼸죬ʧӰ٣û֤ôôҵܣһ׹ľ췢ˣһὫǲͻعġ
ͱˣ˶ѾʮΪɱСѾͷԴԽԽֵǮˡ±һļУֱӶǰմӻŪĶдһϢ͵ļ۸
ķһ£žͿ˳ֺƬûд͵飬ֻΪߵ˶ѡҧУ˳ô
һγΪ˱ɱ˰ִ񣬲ˣǵʮʱѪģһ˲䣬ΪѾˣֿ־ھβԶ
췢ȥ׼һ£ҪɵͷĿŴķ羰ƮɢſȵҲԶԶŮеĹ˳
֣ǰ˵ʲô±еĿȱӳȥѾͷʲôʲôͲ֮ܳǰ˵Щ
û֡ȻѾ˶ˣȻҪͰΪУһһʲô𡣰±ˣһ࣬ƽǸСѾͷƺˣŮ˵ĳɳֻһ˲䣬仰ĲǿѨ硣
ԴӼѪһĻ֮⼸춼ٻЦĵǷһֱͣĥСѾͷǾóǸȤˣһȤʱǸʱһһ
ȻΪ˱һ̿ʼԴ̬ȾѾȻ˸ı䡣ǰֻΪ˺ˣѾ׽Լϴ󣬼ȻҪ鷳Լϴúÿһһֻ鷳СѾͷ
±첱Ӵ֣ɤӺһȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
˵ҪԸˣ±ҲͿȥˣɱ˰һСͷĿ޷飬ǰӶӦܵĺ±ǹӶһػǶġ
û뵽ԼӴ󣬾Ȼ׷ᣬɳִͶˣʵ̫
±㲻ͬ⣬һͬ⣬Ǿͺú̸̸飬ϴԺҪʦҸʲôʮ˵˵ʱе
±ʱһͷ󣬱𿴰±ͳǰƵã˼ôҲһȻʲôʵֱǰ±Ŀǡ
±˵ĸ߰±ҪôһɣҪôʲôʱϴʲôʱ˰ų
±һȻʮֲԸҲֻӲͷƤӦˣ˵㣬ǰ׹һսƽʱǶǾˮˮģ˵ʮˣ㻹Ը˼ҳǧˣⲻô
΢΢һ㶣ʱЦŰ±ļЦʲôʱ˵ҪԸǧˣϴ˵ߴߴ硣սҧҲŵľСͷĿ˱ɵˣ˭վң
±һڿֱ˳ȥԱߵĺ췢췢ĨһϵĿȣʱЩЦõʵ±磬ôˣ
±һǺôһһһǷǶٶһֵܣһ
һʲôԲ۾ŭӰ±
±һæЦһŮһŮŮ񻹲ô


482 ƴ
췢һԱﲻסЦȴЦݣӻóһŵͼ˺췢˵ǰսڽһפأͷĿ棬մǰϹأȥȲȵ㡣һȷ˵٣Ҿ̶֡
췢ͷѾ˶ֵ꣬ˣ췢УҲ˶Ͼ˭֪췢һֱǺһģҵ˺췢͵ҵ
±ͼȵջϣһ̰±ͻȻرһʵˡսҲ̫ȻƬֶдȥˣһĸԴΪҲͽϣԳֿô졣
뵽±Ҳһһҧɾ͸ɣʲô黹ͺ췢ء
ԶڽĳͲ֪´˿ıŶԸսӵˡ⼸ڱھסС¥Ĺʮϸ񣬸˳ʲôӳû¥Ǿĵģֱȼ
Сҳȥһˡ⴫һϤƵվԴһ£òƾǸɭǳߵſڣԺͿ˽ɭ
һֱ߳˶С¥ʼսɭû˵ڶ仰ƺ±ʲôɡҲûжʣ⼸еĺܣѾޱȽˣһǸ˵飬һͰ顣
ɫγͣڶС¥¥£һǰһ˳һξȻû˾ǽɭԿ
ɭǸŮǷǳõѣȻ֮䷢;Բô򵥵ģŮλܸߣλҲǽɭġ
ᣬȥһˣ㣬鷳ɭһ߿һ˵һǻشˣһ·Ҳûʲô˵ģСʱԺɫγʻ
ʮӺ󣬽γͣһſڣɭ˳󡣶ڳ˵طȫİģгʱ㣬ӦþݵڵкԶľ롣
˳˿һֱߵһİ棬ɨһۣˣһŮĸˣŮ˵ĴŴ綼ͨмŵһˣͷʮ㡣һ˿ͷӬ涼ô򻬣׹˶еĻɫ飬һͷһ
žһ˽һϣɭ΢΢һЦ˹أԽԽˡǮˣǵϾ뿪
а˹صһû˵ֻĿעŽɭɭȻûн˹طУг䣬ͣĳš
ߵſڣ⵽ôһ£ͻȻһӾסˡԣԾԪôԲ
ɭʲôɫ࣬æʵͬʱ洫εεεʲôӲƷʱ
Fuckը
ŭһֽ䶪˿棬ųһԾɭֱӰ˵ϣſű𶯣
һ죬ĲƬ˵ϣըĴѾױˣվղ㿪˱ըҿ̨Ϊ壬ȻЩƬҲҪС
Fuckyou˹أģɭΪǱһװȫǳӢ׶ˡԭΪǮȻըղűըļƣСӦ죬Ѿһ⡣
лл㣬ɭ³һѪĭӣתͷų˵
ЦһָŽɭЦȸ㶨ǣлҲ١
ը󣬿ܳˣǸղڰ濴Ǽˡ˹غǸŮվڿϵĴ棬˹˼ɨһ۳ƤЦⲻЦ˵Ūǣ
˹أˣ㲻˿㱨𣡡ɭɫ࣬ʵɭֻϾǷϵģȻŮҲóһˣû뵽ԷȻ׼ը
۾ֽɭƵԼ˲ǽɭܶԸġƿɭ;ǰһܵһԴһذֱˤ˵ĵϡǳӦٶȹ죬ʱ˿ذѾ˽ɭԴ档
㣬㶥סɭͰ͵ĺһ䣬Ȼ굽棬Ҫȴû취ˡ
һҪôеվԭأµļⶼʮַɣƽʱս״̬ԸˣҪȫԸѡ
˹ŭһֱӳų˹ƺһ͵һԭתһȦһŽʵʵ˵һ˵ؿڡƺһؿڣֱӵ˵ϣǻһһ㣬Ϣ֮
ʣµ˷Ӧһסһ˵ĸ첲͵һֱ˳ȥɵ·һֱӽ˸ײˡ
ûһۣתͷĿ͵Ķŵˣֻʣˡ
˿ųǱǻˣﺰŻĹĹ˽ˡ˹ƿڴģܣŪ
ѹû˹أõģۿǰеĲУͷҲѾӾܡĿ˳Ȼ˰˹صϣͬʱζЦɭô
γĽɭĿɿڴû㹻ʱ䷴ӦһͰѶ˸ˣٶȣֱѾҪķΧɭһĭ֮ǰڳĲмѾɢˡ
ȥɭ̿ˮððôһ仰
˵ͷһһŰ˹߹ȥĿžһ̶ˮһ̶˾ˮ
𣬱ҪǮҸ㣬ȫ㣬˹ľսųǿ˴ӵħǰһ룬һ̣ڳǰٲȻѾ˴׵ţ
ߵ˹ǰһıŭˣʱըôҪװ׵ˡĹ黹û꣬˻ţӦЩϺĶûȥĹЩֵܺŮˣһù
뵽ŭգ͵һֳ֣צס˹صʺ΢΢֮˹صĲҽ
ޱĽ˹һ㶪˳ϣ˸ʻλϡ
ɭҲҳĵߣ½
Сû뵽ôҼˡԺ͸ңҪʲôʲôǮŮȨҶԸ㡣ɭĿȵ˵
ЦЦ˵һЩǫ͸мĻȴǸӵĸˡʲô취ȡɭΣû뵽˹ȴôһᡣ
صűԺ󣬽ɭ˽˹ظˣ֪˹ػʲô³صԼķ䣬ϴ軻·Ͼձը꣬ȫ¶ǻҩζʮִ̱ǡ
СȵȣҴȥϴ󡣡ɭס˳һϿҵ˵
пϲȴһЩãƺͲ֪ɭʲô˼һ²ʵ㲻ϴô
ɭæ֣סļһűߣһЦŽ͵Ĳ֪˿ţϴҵңҵһһõλӡ
һ£ʱһֻӹû뵽һǴĽɭȻ˿糤׶ӡȻһӵƴʱ


483 
ɭܽ˹ű棬˳ݣصؿһ£ֽɭİűˡûжʣ֮ǰǸеļؿ˿ŵϴԲʲôʡ͵ĵƣƭɭǸ˿ŵϴ󣬼ǳҲЩġ
񣬼ʹ㹻İնȹһأСĽ̬ȣȻһ·
״ˣԿС˹ǸϼһﹷǽȻըըҡɭһ߿ţ˻ûݾʮַŭغ
ڽɭڵװΪݻŰֶǶƽģмڷһ޴ĹŶżĹĹŶɨһ۾ͷÿһļֵǧϣһ˫ƿ޼֮ڳֹĹɽǸҪмֵ
ֻһʯͷĹĺöЩ˸ˣⶫⶰű棬Ǹô
ɭĸףҲ˿ŵϴݣһ˫۾է֣βס۵ʡˣ͸ܲûʲô֮֮ܳۡ£˿ŻԾò˥ȥĳЩ˵̰⣬ľͳߣ
ѪݶֶΡǳڿ˿ϴ֮ĵһӡ
˹ϣһ˫ӥ۶ڳϣǸṦˡ˹ء
ɭһ˵ѹֲסеգɴ֮ǰһһʮĸԼϵ˹ʼնĬȵɭ˵ˣ˹صͷΪ͵Ŀ˵С㣬ûţ˼ҿҪˡ
ɭųһ˵ףԺҰɡ
˹ԣһüͷֿһ۳ԼĶӣɭͷ̫ˣǰ˾ԲǽɭܹԦ˵ġοɭҲҪİ֣һԭǣ˹֮ʣϣܹߡ
ɭȥúչһ°˹أб¶֣һʹ˹˵ɭͲ̾ȥ貰˹أ¶˳䣬ת뿪˷䡣
ټڣֻʣ³Ϳ˹ˡĿԣ˭ûп˵˵Ϊ֪˵Щʲôڵݣ˵õİ취ˡ
˹ڰй۲ķӦڴ۵Сۣʱ淿Ŵˣһʮҵ߳˵ȫӣ۾ͷƤɨһˣǻĹˡ
СҵıڣǳҰˡ˹ЦеĽܵ
̲סһǣǳҰѹֿž˾ñŤԭǵˡǳҰע⵽˳мЦݣͱŻһ뵽Ǹˣ¾ߵǰߵ㱣ҿǳ⣬ǺͰ˹һġ
ǳҰ񣡡˹ŭһȴҲûվֹǳҰ״ʱ˼֣ǳҰ̽ģҲãͺܲˬһӵļһҵúýѵһ£Ҳͦġ
˭ҵĹû˩ãǳŶȣеĻŽѾӣͬʱΪмķ̵
˻һһԵĿ˹ˣ⻰һ˫أǳҰ˹صĹô˼˵˹ûйܺԼ£Ҳ˳ŽǳҰ߹
ϴÿҺúýѵһСӣǳҰŤؿھҵš
ǳҰ濨˹ѾʱˣһĬĬŵС֣һһΪ˿˹صĿŹҲǲű˵Ĺͷģƽʱű˿ǳҰǾ͸ûʲô˹ʮǳҰǳҰ͵ǵ˿˹ء
СǳҰҲϰ֮ˣԸЩдһӦްɡ˹һվһʵ
޲ֱһǹ˿˹أطÿˣⳡ滰Ŀ㰡
˵ͷЦǻĹʦĳЩ壬֪ܡȻд裬ǾҪд裬ҿֵƽʱҲûʲôͽд֤ˣΰɣˣ
˵ǳҰȻ˵ʲô˼ʱͱ̣ȿ˹ؿǳҰѾӦˡ˹رܾģɼȻǳҰѾ˵ȥˣӵܲòǳҰ治ǡ
ʮӺ󣬳ǳҰվڹűԺ棬ΧǹűЩǣһ˵ҪսǳҰЩ˰Ͳö֡
С˵վڿ糤ߵĺˡ
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ҲһǳҰҲǺǵˣСӿóԿ
һʱ֮䣬۷׷ףе˿óеǿǳҰڶ˻֧ǳҰģǳҰЦţһֿɵƵĿ⿴ųǰĲһ˶һ
Ҳע⵽ǳҰȼһһֻǴѵһǳҰû뵽ǳҰȻҵչһ½ǣȫµĹͷžʮ̶ִ
ţһֵĶ˫ſһǳҰƺߵĹĹ򲻷أһ㣬ɱҵ鷳
ǳҰʱˣСӾȻǳҰҧ۾һϣʤ
ãԭɢɢĿ˲£һ˫է֣ǿĶǡһֱڹ⼤ŭǳҰΪľǳҰԼ˵˾ëģ浱ֵǮƵá
ãȷʤҲԼô°ͣΪмѵô˵ǳҰҲǿ˹صˣп˹صĻǲԵġ
ڳ˵Ŀȫϴ˹صϣ˹ذڰ֣ʾһоͰԼõĽаɡ˹ʮ˽ǳҰǳҰּ׹Ҳǰģ˹زΪǳҰ䡣
һǳҰӮ˳ô˹ػסǳҰ³һΪáҲǿ˹ͬԭֻǿ˹شû뵽жôֲ
ƣͬʱûʲôڵĶ͵س嵽ǳҰǰӭ㿪ǳҰĹһֹĽǶת˸䣬һֳֻצֱӿǳҰĺ󲱾ǳҰһ͵ضӣͬʱһɨȣǿӳ
ǳҰ˳ĹΧתĿų㲻ˣ͵Ϯҡ
Ǻǣ㵱ڳֵܶϹӣСٶҶ嵽ǰ㻹ڷ㶣ֵǣ˵ǲǣ˦˦֣ղǳҰһȭϣܿҪϻһķ飬ɼǳҰĹҲǴġ
ΧıĸҵĶУƽﱻǳҰ۸ˣ񿴵ǳҰεһƢûУһʱЦǳҰݵһȺ㿴ҿ㣬ջʵʵı͡
սǳҰס˳˫ȣ΢΢һ㶣û뵽һǳҰѧˣǳҰڳĶ˵ǻˣԶ
˫ĿѪ˲˱ÿǳҰԼֲˣ
һγҲǳҰκλᣬȫΪע£ӲıǳҰ˫ȡ⻹꣬ֽǳҰ˦ͬʱ˫أ͵һǳҰСȶ档
ǳҰҽһ泯ſ˵ϣѾ׼ŭˣתһֽǳҰڵϣһֻֿסǳҰĺ͵һֱӽǳҰĺķ飬ʺѪҺȾ˳֡


484 
ӸǳҰߣ˵ڣ׵
˹ŭ߳һˣѾˣ
һЦɱһȷʤҲû䣬Ǿˣ˵գҲȿ˹ηӦעȫ͵ػǳҰļ׵ϡ
꣡
һ죬ǳҰƺһ۵ֱӻȥſǳҰĸ첲ڰվЩǸĳſ˹˵Ǹϰ壬˵㣬û
˹زûһѪȥۿСػǳҰļ׵ǣɵӶ֪׵ǶԺǾһ˵ܸʲô°뱲Ӿֻܴڴˡʱ򣬿дһɶʶɨһۣǳҰ°ѾʪˣȻǴСʧĽࡣ
Ȼ˹ز֪ǳҰĺѾˣǵʱǳҰҪͶ䣬ҲûǸˡǳҰ˵Ǿ仰ʼѾɱġпԭĹǳҰһٴζϧ
㣬ѽʲô̧ȥ˹ǺΪ̽һ˵󣬽û뵽ǳҰȥˣƫƫ˹ػ˵ʲôСȻֺ˵㣬һжǰչذµģûʲôĵطԡοǳҰˣѾ˷ˣõļֵˡ
˹ǸˣΪһ˷ȥϾǳҰôһϣ˹߾͸ȱˡ
СҽЩҪ̸̸˹ɨһۻȥǳҰת˵ûж࿴ǳҰһۡ
˵ͷɵǳҰñΪ꣬˻ûأѾˡڿ˹ضԣϾֻ棬ʲôɡֻˣƿ˿ţǳţ˿Ų̫ˡ
˹ɳϣҡеĸ߽űɺɫҺ˸űʯһĹ󣬵һƵļֵѾ㹻ܶĪˣ˹Ѻһھƣſڻ˵С˿ӦѾˣ֮ʣɭƢʺϸߡȻǳҰˣԺͽǳҰλãô
ľګĵͷָϽҡҡͷ˵ǲУϰǰûĻҿɲ顣
˹΢΢һ㶣뵽˳ڼػı֣еɻҲɢˣֵǲģϧԽȴ̫ϰǣ˹ظɴཫŮлˡ
ջصűѾӽɭ֪һУЩõڿ˹Աߣ˹壬̫ˣСҴˣôҲкҪء
˹΢΢һЦ͵ҲСǽǳҰˣǲӦһأ
˵Цµʼٸ߳ǰһߣƷ죬ƺһжûʲôϵգûŤ˹أ˳ǳҰλãΪ˿֮Уλڿ˹صĶ֡
ҹݻķ䣬ֻúЦ˵˿ŲýôżĹǳҰλϣǸǳҰѾ˰ɡڿ˹˵һûõķˣЩʱܻԺЩŹء
Сôſڴ
΢΢һ㶣ʶɨһֱѾҹʮˣҹĲ˯Ȼش˷ţǽﰬ
ҡڵ߽һ˦ֽı˵ϣŵ£ϸĸ߸ЬҲ֮˦˵ϡֱ޳ںɫ֣ˮ۵ֱ۹סĲӣ˿ȵϢڳϣžƵζ
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˳ƿ˰ðɳϣһɲҪһȹڲ֣ɫڱ¶ڳǰһڰϡ
СңͬʱҲֱӣ˫£õķ羰ˡ
εЦЦȴǲû˵֪ǲǿ˹̽ġű˶֪ɭϲģǲҪ鷳Ҫһǣ԰һ¶ûУȻǽɭŮôҪĻǾǰ˭˭ĽΪˡ
ƺǲǰ˲ûʲô£ЩȣǺܿɫСʵû뵽ô͵õϴΣλڱһߣԺϴǰ㻹Ҫҡ
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ǳĸ֮Ϊ˹صұۣ˹ȷʵ˺ܶļ涼ŴһЩ飬Լصĸ֮ġԣһʵϲڵļհǼ˵
ԴЦŽ͵ʵҲûʲôǰʱŵһݵѣϴҪĻô˵ʲôġ
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Ǯһ£漴ЦΪǰɸɭһˣŽ͵ǮһСȥˣȻǸ⡣Ҳ̫ϴҪȥһ˶ѡЩҲǣһôƴغˣô϶ȥ
һȭͷǿѹеŭȻŵ˲ʶûʲôϵ˿Ҳ̫ˣ֮ǰĲ²ⶼǶԵģΪǸˣŻ˿ŵһݵ
ȥһ°˹أҲ֪ȭͷһŭ˵
֮ǰͽɭȥǮ˹˾Ȼը棬ǳ˲Ծ³ͱըһ⡣ڻҪ˹Ҳ֮УΪġ
ȻһЦ֮ǰܾóһˣŮɫãֱһҪҰ˹ˣҲһҲֻǸͨ˰ˡ
ãҴȥҪӦңҪϴǰ˵˵ҵĺûСЦеĴյߣȻȻĸ첲
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м£㡣
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֪ϴģΪʲôҪɱˣŮ˺ͺӡͣ½ŲĿᶨעߵİһ׼Ȼ·޲飬ƺӦǰĳġ


İٰʮ 
һ£ƺڻʲô춼û˵ܾù󣬰ָŵεɫࣺ˹ؾ͹ڵ棬ݲģԼȥɣһһЩҪ졣
ס˰ʵأ
ɫԽԽѿ֧֧ҧ߷˵һϹģ˴û뵽Ȼ
һβûеǸϹѾһЩϣǰһ£ʵ˹زǲһ߹
˹һĺصˣ⼸ͷĿ߶ߣҪ˶ã߾Ҳһˣһڿ˹صĶĿ
Ǹ˶Կ˹صǳͬΪôһˣȻϧŵķ֧ݵ㣬֪Ǹ˱ʲôļֵԽԽãһҪҵĶܸܿǸйء
뿪ڵʱϺҪע׹ڵһЩЩǳһѹءڿϺ˵Ӧþָ˿ŵ
հ˵Ǹڣ˳Ľ˵֮Уǲ࣬ÿһǾϸѡģſŵˣһۣܿ˾ֱ
áˢˢľһ񣬳˵ͷҲûж˵Ժ󣬳ǰһУͷ𣬺޲嵽㣬ֱӽ˹ظι
кܶηηָͷϸĸֽɣÿηıԵһأӦͨ˵硣һηżŮӣ۵һһ顣ƽ䶼ڶʮģһͷ۾Ů̳嵽ηıԵſͷص
һ£ŮӵĿǻģͷȻѾεˣ֪ǳʲôʹࡣҧŮıֿӦǻĹˣһʵǣô£
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ǿѹͷŭ𣬷ηֻŮǻˣ˿ɫӦǶǱߵġԼҲʲôˣɥĲģָǸŮЦ͵棬˸ϴϴ
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һߣڶηһЩŮˣЩŮ˵Ĵ磬ӦȫǵˡûһۣǳҰܵˣûʲôˡ
ǰĸηŮˣҲ˸ı䣬ķŭתΪƽԴЩŮӣԺأԺЩŮҪʲô붼롣
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Щˣ¶ǿ˹صĶֵļˣѹֿ˹׹ԺߡڰͳªǳʶһСԭֻǴ㽫Ǹ˸Ҳˣɼʶ˵һ֮󣬳ģһҪÿ˹
磬Ҫҵͷˡһָһη˵
߹ȥηܸɾֻһŴǲġ˹ڴϣȫѪӡӣӦǱӳġ
šתͷߵ˵һ£ջǴš
߽ȥ˳һӾڰ˹صǰ˹ز˽۾ʮЦֻ߹ôҵЦ
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˹׹ƴ˶꣬һô˵濩һ£˵Ѳ˲˿ˡ֮ǰų;СӦõ˿ûʱ䡣
˹Ҳϵ˿Σݺݵĳһ̣ѹ˵СӣֲһĹӡ㵽ףʲôˣ
ЦֻŰ˹أûлش⡣
˹ƺҲף˿˹صǾ·һǰС˭ˣҲʲôΣˡ
СӣҲǸôˣҾҪɱӣлһɱá˹غݺݵһڣҺȫѪǱɭĲᣬӦܵ˲СĴˡ
˹ص۾۾ŭɭǸǰȥʣµĻŮڶŮͱ˴ϣʬ챨ʾŮǱŮҷһȥ飬ǽɭļġҪɱҪɱ
˹غ۾һֻŭҰޡ
һ£ѹְ˹ػװըҪǻԭӵпܡ
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ȻѾ֪һУûʲôҪˣҪߣȥǸص˹˭֪ʱ˹ס˳㣬ǲˣ
ͷתڰ˹صǰȤĶŰ˹أ˵Ѳ֪ʲôϢ
η棬һηʮɭϣ˿˹ر˭Ҳܽȥ룬Ҫҵ˿ܾ棬ҼһΣǸˣϵĻˡ˹˵
ˣѾ㹻ˣǳ˹طˮԭͲõ׼ȷϢҪҵǸ˹Ȼ棬ֻǸطݻûнȥȨܵõȷеϢڳ˵Ѿʮˡ
лл㣬ܻľһ㣬һȥ˵һ仰ֽͷڵϣݺݵĲת뿪η
˹ųȥıӰ֪Ϊʲôһţ˻Ϊġ
˹ذ˹أ㵽׵˶ˣز¶ĸֶǱߣҲ˶ˡ˶ˡ˹ؿЦѪ۾ηǽڣ˺Ƿһ
뿪Ժһû˵ĵطֻ췢һ绰ȥѾȷ˿ŸɵǸݵ㣬취Ƶųȥľһ㡣а±һ£ҵʣµˣô±
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һͻȻ־òԾôûǸСѾͷأƽʱһԳ죬ôôأأ
췢һ£ЩεĽ͵磬ءҪϾȥ
ˣεЦһ£Ҷ˵绰СӣϲֻѲǶڲ濴AƬ
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뵽һ£ǻóֱˡ
ͬʱűĶ㣬˹ؿżػ棬Ͱ˹صĻ棬üͷЩɻʵˣͰ˹ʲôĹϵ㣬ȥһ飬˵ݣԽϸԽá


486 
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׹ĳ췢ſֻһķɣ涼ޱȵĿɬ
ղų绰췢ĲûɤĳȥΪˣֻΪڵĴʮաһԲϿ˵ľѻǹ۾ĶĳǰսСͷĿסı
췢˭ĵ绰ɫôѿ±һ棬Եû죬һ췢ɫ࣬ɵÿʵ
췢˲ͷϵ亹æĻԭⲻתˡɶǰƺû췢˵һһӰޱĿ۶˰һ죬ԶĲˣǸӰ͵˵ϡ
ԲۣڣôкͶˣ±ûӦһͰûԼϡ췢ȴǷǳƺѾϰһοһ°±
±æʰ׼ˣѾ죬Ժ˯һ棬еζܰ˶±ߣһǹֱȥϵۡغˣҲ뿪ˡ
췢λңѸٵĻӵһ½Ƕȣͬʱæ˵
췢ɨһ۵ĻһĻ棬췢䣡
û˿ԥ׼˺ڰеĳط˰ʱ췢ĵĻϳʮС㣬췢һ˵ȫĿΧǶȼףϡ
۾һѻ־Ȼ۾ͬʱ˳ʮ˳ŷӵλóȫǷٺЩƶٶȵݣԼÿһڵĽǶȡ
飡
ǹӶÿһΣԷᵹһˣ׼ȷ󣬾ǹ׼ǵԴͬһʱ۶˰һ
±ǹһӵĿӵѾˣæĺһɤӡ
±ҲҷϻһѾѻǹݸ췢ǽӹѾ˵ľѻǹһԷĿʼװӵ
췢ʵʱݣµľѻǹȴûнơ
һԵĺ췢һװӵһɨһ۵Ļͬʱŵ㣬ʮ㣬㣬зĿʮˣʣʮˣԤս
ǹ֮𣬵ĻϵСһһֹͣ˶ܿͳ׵ʧ˵Ļϡ췢ڱΧװȸӦϵͳЩСһˣЩ˱֮¶Ȼ½ʧڵĻϡ
٣ͷðһϸǹ֣ôˣеҵġ˶ǽսˣһԷȴǵľֻˡ
췢װӵɨһ۵Ļɫһŭģﹷģǳ˽·ˣ뿪Χ
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췢ɫҲʮѿһЩ˳棬֪ᷢʲô顣һΣǱʱжܶ鶼û׼ãӦ˶û׼á
ʱ򣬰±ŲæĴӱȡ۾ʾ췢ϣɾͿˡ
ԣ±յǰ͵ӳȥһһöⵯڵըЦһǹһǹʣˣ
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ⵯ似ľѻǹֻˡһ±ʾֻöⵯѾ޼ƿʩˡ
һǹСɵǹ췢ݣ
췢ŵԣһ߳ſڵķƶһߺ뿪зԱ˺ܿͻᵽзʣһˣѾӽſ£
췢͵غһûӦ±ֱӷɱ˹ȥһ˴Ӵƴ룬ǹڶ׼Դ±͵һƣˣֱˤһߡ
ģ͵ϮҲֱһǹȥϵۣ±û׹ѪҺһ±æץ𱳰һס
췢һŵһƿţ˹һʧ˺ڰ֮С
ʮľټͷĿһʮ߸ȫСЩ׹ǻһĴڣ׹Ҳκεĵ飬ΪӶһǶĴڡ
ˣ췢ôӵģ±ֱܵ˳žδ˵
ʵϣ˱ǳ͵ģϰԵĴǹ֧ҩ췢ǵԲû뵽з˰ˣ췢򵥵һЩرƷ˾׵ҹ
±ģԺҲӵˣʱ˿ޱȵƺֻгܹһ޷ķŮˡ
ǺǣһҵҪû˲֪ҵԴĲžѻǹ췢ϽԶǹڣͬʱҲصԼĵԡ
ţӻô±һ߿һ߷߷ߵ˵
һ£Ц±壬ͱˡҲ˼ѣϴأֱܵ˿ȥˡϴɱҷˣҪѵҲǽѵ
±ԣֻǿЦˣˣһһ񣬻ʲôϴʲô¡ʲôⱲӲŻôڡ
Ĺű֮УѾصԼӣһžͿһƤŮڴϣˮ۾һ£˵⿨˹Ѳʲô񣬱ӻ˵Һˣ߰ɣҪ
˵껰׼ȥϴ裬̫ܵĴ̼ú˯һһ
˭֪һĲίȻųһߡ͵һתСŮֱײĻŮ˿СģǰǷǳϣͦеĴд̼ų
˵ˣҪһ²⣬Ůʮа˾ǿ˹ģҪմ˾˦
Ůһ£ȻſָָͣԼָָͣ£ɫǳĽĿг˿־ζ
ҵ찡ԭ
һţɲôղŴӵŪǸŮԭǰŮϸȷʵһģһû뵽ղŻŮˣϴ˸ͱ˴Ů
ĵԲıͷһЩɰζӣС췺ŵŮ˴һֵİɫ˯£ؿѾ͵λãһƾʲôܿˣ˯ȹ̣ܶŮ΢΢һ̧֣ķ羰пܻ֡
ֻÿڸɱȻ˼ӳ㣡
һ崿ɰŮһͽеͶˣֲİŮ˵βһ룬ϽתͷҲصĳԡң˳ֽԡҵŸˡ
УôŮʲôʮʱռ˼ұˣô
ˮ˳ͷҲ𽥼ˣһæɾ壬һԡ۾ͳȥˡʱÿǸ۾ŮڵϿޣ޵滨ǳġ


487 
״һŮŮ˵ʮֽСǵ־Ͱӵ˴ϡ
ŮԲ۾ĿЩ֣Щɬųһ̣ͻȻãԼһͷһ㣬ǸϽ͵Ǹ£һ¡
ȡֽʣݸŮȻһЩ⣬ԭŮҲǸˣǸżһ׹˵˿ŵˣһ˶ץˡ
ĸѾ˿˸ˣΪ˿˹غµūͷǿ˹ģСʱ˲гˡ
ǺùһЩһ뵽Ůӵ;ֱ
Ůӵļο£ֻǿҲǻĹ˲ŽŪģҲʲôġ뿪ʱҲ뿪Ժ͸ߣ۸ˡ
ŮԲ۾ƺų˵һУҲĽЩʲô˯ֱȥ˿ɳ˯ֻһңܲǸŮ˯ɳɡ
۾׼˯ͻȻһ޵ĽŲ͵۾ȴǸŮôˣǽ˯ô
ŮСڱд֣Ȼø˼ϣȥϢȻһڻؾˣСѾͷ֪ǲǳԴҩȻųĸ첲Ϸ֣ģ˵ҪǲȥҾһֱ
ðɣֻίˡεֻȥҡû뵽ǣŮȻҲˣһֻèһ˴ųĸ첲СĿųϸĸ첲ųĸ첲
ںڵ㷢ɢڳļϣһЩ޵СѾͷȻų˯ˡ
ŪÿЦɣ°èһŮ˸ˣɣŮ˳ϢһֱʮۿԼСѾ֧ˡ
Ůڵ⵽˷˵Ĵܿܺü춼û˯ˣ񰲾ĴڳߣϴɾʮְȻû˿ŵЩӦøոոбҵѡ
գѡһʹಢţһʮֵ˯˹ȥ
峿һϰĳ˫ۣӳһƬںڣԲۣѲϹˣæ۾һ෢ȫͷһʱЦˡ
Ů֪ʲôʱȻϣϰѹϣһͷպס˫ۡ
СѾͷ˯Ҳʵε̾˿ĽŮ˱ҪŮҲʮ˾ӣٹͱˡԣɴཫСѾͷһԴ
СѾͷ˴ϣֽӸǺã䴥СѾͷĶͷ̵Ŀ¡գҪ¶ȼƣһҪСѾͷǸհһ챻ˡ
£æǰæ󣬽СѾͷҩƬһչҲһ׵飬ЦеŻ˯еСѾͷʱҲůģƺֵطŮõ˿ž;ð˺ܶࡣ
쵽ʱСѾͷѹĴӴԺĴܡʱһʶıűӽˣһֱǽɪɪ
״ͲûԩˣСѾͷһϵĴ棬ؿڻƵķأ֮ʲôûȻпСѾͷյĳЩλ̱۾ϽǺñӡ
ȿȣģǲ˺ģ·ȥ㡣ʶľ˫֣һͶĶȻĿ˴ͷ档
Ůһ£ƺϷ飬ɫĵͷ޳ֱ۴ӱСĽЩ·ץ˱档
ŷӦò˼ﻻ·ܲܶſɣϽȥˡ
һᣬ洫һŲɳϳ̣ͻͷȥֻŮ߹СѾͷһɫȹʮ崿ɰ
վϨе̣Ȼ󿪿ʵʲô
Ůһ£ȻóֽʣԼд棬橡
һͷһߴ򿪷һ˵ԺҾͽˣҽгӦñܶˣҸˡ
΢΢һЦЩɬĸڳߣһ˫۾Ĵܡһ·һ¥ĲűƽʱͲͣ˹żҲԷ
֪ϲʲôԼȥãСѾͷʮֺ£һ֮£ֻһЩ󲿷ֶŮϲԵĶ˽橵ǰ
ٷԵʮְǸưͱͲ˵Ҳһûһˣ˸Գŷշǳݡ
ȻһЩ۵ĵùڳԷȻһ˵˾ֱߵǰֳŽ橵˹ȥ
ŵþʧ룬͵ƿ˵֣ʶܵ˳ߣСڳɪɪ΢΢ü̧ۿһˣ֣Ȼûпˡ
ӣܿĸ˭˺һɨһ۳ñǿ׶ųֺģһ
ŲæĲ˲죬վʾ⽪橲Ҫ£Ц˭ҵŮˡ
ϣҰʲôʱŮˣ˵Ǹʲô˵ɫˣ˵Żߵǰ־ȥ橡
ס˵͵һֱӽ˵һֵĽǶȡ˶ʱɱĲҽ˹ڵϣ۵ֱ¡
ݣ̫ˣȻһͷһֻ֡۵ǳɫߺŭˣӺСϳȥι
ΧӵһǰĻʱԭأ˸ջص֪ܲʲôݺֶΡЩۿǳҰ³ǳҰ֣οЩˡ
ȫվԭأһʱ֮侹Ȼûһ˸ǰģ˽ڵϵ˸æҽ˵
Ⱥ˻Ūȥι˲ûвʲôԾĵطֻǸͨıڶѡ
ҡҡͷһ˺ѵǲܶ
˲ԣɫ࣬վŲſںŪȥԱǣ
䣬ſ߽һδ󺺣һң⣬ֱһһ㣬˶·һСɽס˳ߡ
΢΢һ㶣ǿ׳ˣ֮ǰҲûмӸղ˵ΪƲ⣬˺ܿ˿ŵһ߲ԱҲвٵѪծǲ׷Źġ
˵ȰŮͻط䣬鲻ǹˡ


488 ɫ
磬Сĵ㣬˺ġһ˵ͬʱ橸һȥȻ橲ûиߣɫҰ׹ջ˲ڣһ˫ˮĴ۾һֱų
ɱŭ
ţɽһľ׳ӳųķ˹ȥһƿ˾׳ӵĹ׳һȭԱߵĴʯǽϣǽ˲ѣƬƬĴʯڵϡһҪڳϣ֪Ѫܱ֮ȴʯǽ滹ҪӲˡ
һ׳Ҳʲô֮ȫע⾫׳һУһγųķһ㿪ͬʱ˫һ˾׳ӵϡ
׳Ӻ߶ûһ·ߵĸͲһתһӣֱӳųԴ˹Ҳû뵽Լһȥ⺺ӾȻһ㷴ӦûУʱһ亹
͵һܿ˾׳ӵ˫ȭһɨȣ磬һ̵ڵءץסϣ׼˵ļ׵ǣ׼ȥ
ͣ£ſڴ˹صһ󺰣Щ
ʱջ⣬ȴǹ⺺ӵĺһ£ʵŵ⾫׳ӵʱѾ˿˹صӰ뿴˹һλʲôӦ
ϴ󡣡󣬼æܵ˹ߣΪȫ˿˹ء
˹һüͷֳһ⣬˵ϹôҵˣȻưͣŴʲô֡治кܶŮôȥԼѡ
һ±ƣ׿˹˵ʲô˼Ҳʮֲ⣬ƽʱɶǳҰڿ˹صߣôûǳҰǼһءһ˹طˣҲҶ˵Щʲôֻڨڨתʹ뿪
ţ㻹ûǸءסˣͬʱɨһۿ˹أ˼ʣҪһ˵
ͣ½ŲĶųɼȻѾ֪˳ݣûǸӺͳˡ˹һ£ЦСûҪɡ
УҵҵŮ֣ǿͬŵķϣֻ·һܻ˵ûĸ˹߹ŭ˹Σ˿ҲȲ˼ˡ
˹һΣɨһˣ˵Сǲûӣһ͵˳ɷǣⲻֿô˹ظҪ˵ʱˣ⼸˻¶˲ʣȻովһ񶷡
ϴϴ󣬲ˡ˷һǵĺüưɶˡһ˵ͷϺˮѪˮһʱ֮Ҳˡ
˹صˣ˿׹ǰţǲǳԴҩȻǵĵ̶Ҷ
ô£˵˹ʵ
ʱ򣬰ͽɭˣһҲû˵࣬˵ϴҺͽɭոյϢվ洫һƵݣԼɡ
ɭԣѾغ˵Ƶ˳Ƶܾݵ棬Ӧĳ̽ͷġ˿ŵ˶ųǹɨ䣬вŮ˺ͺӣȻȺ˵Ц˵Ż
ƵУһŵ˴˶ӻû˹ధţƺ˿˷Źӡ
˿һվ̨ױԵһְԱߵһťǸ˾ĺһĺϵͳһ˲ˣ˺˲ͱг롣
Ļ涨˿ԱϣЩ˵˵ЦЦǺģ
˹߬ȭͷŭӰҲһķȻͬʱ˵ϴ󣬵ʱֻǽв˲ҪҶȻȥҪ˸˭֪뿪Ժ顣
⣬ȥ飬Ƶ˭ģ⣬Ͻ˸ҽ˹غһͲİĽͣĵ˲ҪʱңƵ飬㱻֪ôͲ˿ŵĶ֡
ʼգһ԰Ŀţ˿˹ص̬Ժ󣬳һһݺݵĵһǸˣŽ¥ֱ뿪˲
˹زûнסòײŷŹ£˹Ҳɵӣ뿪ǰ˲ټ׷ˡҲǶ֮֮ʣ˹ػϾҪһ֮ǰǳҰ
صԺܵ棬ֱӲͨ˺췢ֻţ췢ǸƵģ
֮ô˵Ϊûпʲô̽ͷЩƵʲôģҲʮֺ档绰һ˺췢ЦˣʾƵֻģһԸ˵ЩֱСһοⱾ˿飬췢ֻǻԭһ¡
̾췢Ǻġǽк췢Ϣȥѣû뵽췢Ȼôһ֣ʣԱѾ۾蹷һ˿ƴ
⣬ǳϣľ棬ǳԸ췢ȥѰĳԱȻЩˣǺ췢һе࣬ú췢ʣ˾ۼŵˣиҪ;Բܾô˹ظˡ
ˣ͵ҵĺϢɣ磬ʲôʱ췢ʮ˷ܵʵ
ԴˣûʲôʾֻǶ췢СģҶ˵绰
ͬʱ췢Ҳһӳͺˡ⼸ͺ췢а±֣Ѿ˲ٰĿԱʱˣٲһٳ
ô˵û˵ʲôʱеĺſȣתͷЦеʵ췢ҡҡͷĻԭⲻ˵һ飬΢΢һЦܺãܽʣôƱض˿˵ͶһΣա
Ȼ⻹ԶԶء
췢ЩƵ׹վ棬֪ͨһЩС͵ţٿһ顣˿ЩûЩСųԿ࣬ܽеСŶϵһ𣬿¾˿ŵҲóԲ˶ߡ±һЦ˵
췢˵ͷ˵±ⲻ׹ÿ֮䶼ǻ಻ģһ𡣶ңҵڱȽУ˶Һ׷ᣬû취氡˵ҵݲûʲô˵
±һЦЦһһɥĲ񣬽˵ͲÿǵˣֻҪ㽫ЩͷĿ۵һʣµͿ±ҵˡ
췢һͷˮ±˼䣬췢һ𾪣ûȥѰ±
±磬һǵһη֣̫ˣ췢һݵ˵ʾ˳⣬˾ǰ±ˡ
ҲͷЦ±壬֮ǰôҲûأҪ֪˵Ļʲô顣ѽһ뵽Ժ󿴵ľ棬Ҿ̲סЦ
±һ⣬ʮևNɪͷƨĹЦһ졣
Χһ˵Цʱ˿˶֪ǽľ׹Ļɫ׵ϴơҲ֪ǰ·ϣһ橸ˡ
װһ鲻õӣͿ˹˵Ҫ橳ȥɢɢģ˹ҲûʵǷĲͺ췢Լ±;·ߣֱڵĵط
ڣڱд磬ǻ᲻᲻ϲңҺܵģ᲻鷳
ԺЦһ£СѾͷıӣοȻˣôɰһᱻϲġˣиͲ࣬Ժ͸ǸģԱġ
ߡ橾űӣĿᶨų
˹ǣȴû˵߲ʺϽ橡׹עһȷѪ·ϣ橸߰ȫϵģʱԵĶǿ˹ǸϺ꣬һʮġ
˹ˣôöԸġ


489 
Ž֮ǰ¶쿧ͺ췢Լõĵطһͻᵽǡ
ռе·ҵŵùݣһȦû˵ӰӣһĻ˵ѲǳȥԷʲôȥˣôء
ʱ򣬳һϤӣˣ
׹ôгľֻһˣתͿ±һȵǿһ㡣ɵЦЦԵЩߣڳ¶˫ʮֺŰ±
±磬⻰Ѳǲ뿴һͺ췢أʶɨһ۰±ȴûзͺ췢Ӱʱеɻ͸Ũˡ
±ɨһ۶ڳĽ橣ƺûĻһǺ橵ݣӣ濴㻹Ǹøְ
һ£ף±ʲô򵥵Ľһ½橵ڵ潪橵ȴû˵ֱ˵һŮӣð±橵һˡ
±ʮĶŽ橽ҽܣȻʮֺߣЦЦ
ýȵùݵķȥϢŰ±ȥһӡ
һݣڵĵɳϣʵ±磬㾿ʲôң˵ɡ
±￩һ£ԭǹ⣬óʱȥעͺ췢飬û뵽Ǳˡ±ӺףЩεԥƬ̣ųȻģ±ֻԼ˶СӸ͸ˣ˵Ѿ֪˺췢ΪͻȻԭʦġ
±̾һһεĽһ渵ĩ˵ǸӣҲ췢ʱȻЩ񣬿ЧǲģѾûˡ
ôҲû뵽ͺ췢Ȼô飬˵սӵ˿⣬ɵЩ
ҲҪһСʱ˿ţҲò˺ܶڰսӵ飬ԭֻһӶСˣϲ̨棬Ȼȴڶ̶ʱڣһٳΪ׹ĹӶսӣΪսӵǸݽɫҪǣڰսӵıŸӿµĿɽ
սӵı׹һЩ߲㣬һºܶ˶֪Ȼڳ˵鱨ѾˡѾɱ˰ĺܶԱĳЩ˵ĺˡ
ĵȼһ̣Ѿ֪ˣԼҪҵǸ˾˿棬ʱʲôΣգ˹ؿǺóԺúȵźǸأҲûʲôõĵˡ
˿űϾһʱҲܶҡ˿ŵĸˣҪôͲȥ˿ţһճ̣ôһ˿ź޷Ļˡ
뵽ջһǾȸ㶨İսӣȻȥǶԸ˿ŵ飬Ͼ԰ǣŵˣŵȥԸ˿ţһʱ˿Ŷڳ˵ʲôԵá
뵽±˵±磬ˣ֮ǰҲú췢ϵԱô
±ЩȣһǾȳûз𣬶Щܲ˳˼άģʽתҲ̫˵㡣
Ҫǲһ£Ѿʣϵһ£мҪȫȡˡ飬ô±˵
һЦܺã췢İЧô죬ƺʲôֻҪ˺췢СӾһƵáһ̣ЦǾͺã±ȥ׼һ£㣬ҪЩ˳Զٱ㷹
±꣬û˵һк͸ϽŰȥˡ
±ߺ󣬳һڴϣĿ֮¶һ˿׺ݡˣΪ췢ðʧǺ췢˳һ飬ڹǰķޣȴҪ׹һЩСϺŪתһеԭǸĶģһҪһõǼعԺһúõĺЩϼһˡ
ڴϱĿһƬҲ֪ʲôʱǵĳëֻҪ˴ϳͲϲȥ˼ʲô飬ֻϣȵϢһˡ
ûãһ˯⣬洫Ųһͦ͵شӴϴ´ֲ輸һƿͬһ¶ſڣĿſڵķ
ʱ򣬷һӴˣźһеĻƿҲһǶȣΪѾ˭ͺ췢
±磬ˣԹˣ˿͡ף±أſڴ췢ɻžľ
Ϊһǹ֣ŷǳĶһžͷʲôԾĵطһ̧۾Ϳ輸ڷŵĻƿˡ±ƽʱɢɢģͲȥǸƿô˵ˣ
æȡЯףȻȻĶ׼ſڡ
ЦЦֻôſ߳ľãԼһ˿һԥŮ˱һǹԺ󣬱ЦЦѾױŮĿЦˡ
찡ô㣬ʲôʱģǹ¡췢һǳ̾ȵ˵ʵҲֺ췢þȣǰŸշԸ飬ôһĹѾܵˡ
еĻƿ˲輸ϣŵɳ棬ˣֻҲ˵žĿǳγܹ͸˵һ㡣
췢ʲôɾͲһˣǰ˵ҪȻżĹѾɵ˰սӽʮˣлԱǰĸ߲㡣״˶Ļ¾ֻԼΪˡ
˵һͷһ٣ôȻֻǰʲôûһ±һֱһ˾һǰ±˵Ը񣬰±̹ܲ״ӿҲ˵ʵϳѾ֪ˣʱǵΪˡ
ԭǸ첻µزµѾͷһ԰սӵˣ˹ȻԳƽˮȻһĿ־壬ˣ˫۾ʲôûһеɱͷŭȫǱ֮ǰȷˡ
磬ҴˡһͻȻ˵һԵĺ췢һʱ֮䶼ûӦ˵ͷôֱ̹״ӿء
һֽϨתЦЦβſ˵ûдһǸȥˣ飬ϵʱһһ𰸵ġ
һģôһ˵ʱɵۣ˵ϴ⵽Ǽ˼ѲϵʱҪúõĸˡϾ֮ǰѾ˵ʮˣһУŪڣսӵ˶ĴѰ
Ҳǣ˽սӽ֮ϣ飬ʵϳѾ֪ˡ˿ŵʱһͣ췢а±һ˾Ȼǳ


490 Ӱ
֮ԴŽ橻һ֪ʱ±ǾЩʲôð˸蹷һڿ˷Ҳ֮ˣϾɵôˣѾˡ
ڴ۵Сۣʱ򷿼űƿˣ橺վſڣһ˫ˮĴ۾ųƺ˫۾ǧ
ɻɨһ۽橣˵Ůߴˡ
ɳϣɨһ۽橣˵
غ췢ǳɵۣ˭Ҳû뵽ԼϴȻŮʶģҿϵһ㡣Ǹֱӣݵʵ磬ɩô
Ҫ仰ûֱιȥѾͷĺĺô
С߽һֻèһڳߣͳ˱дһЩ֡žǳͳĹϵɣס˽橣СѾͷͲ˵Ҳʵ鷳ˡ
±ͣΪ±ôҲĸ磬췢ôҲǳ£Լ£ĽЩʲô
СѾͷн橣˿ŴˣҲǸˣͽչˡ˵
ĴŽ橣ǰŮ˰װ׾ģһ˫۾ҪγˮµƺǻĹˮˡѾ뿪ĹмʱˣէһĹ˻Ǳеģ橿ʮֵĹɡ
ֵŮӶʱЩ˼ˣŽȥ˸ڷ䣬ȥͨȥˡ췢ͶһͬĿŽ橣治֪橹һЩʲôչʾһǹ֧ҩͺˡ
ϾŮ֮飬Ҳȥʣɴеڴ˯ȥˡ
СʱԺ󣬰±ڻˣҴһϢѾǼͷĿ׼ʱڸһƵһۡ
Ҳ±ĴɤŸˣƵĴӴվҲ֪ǲ̫æһЩ˵״̬̫áһ˵׼һ£ȥЩͷĿ
췢ʼǱݸ˳ţԼ쵽ļСͷĿϡԽԽã췢һǳɫİ֣ǰЧʿϻ٣Һܶ鲻ó˵СӾѾ뵽ˣһóΪġ
췢ܲӹ˱ʼǱԣζɨһۺ췢˵
췢˼ЦЦæǫ˼䡣
ֻЦЦµ˸ÿ佱ʱһҪģʱֻǼ仰ѣͿһ˴Ը㣬ʱҲǼ仰ѣ㹻ˣҲˣȻִ֪ˡ
Сʱ󣬳Ű±ͺ췢ˣһγصûдͽ橣һΪʵ̫ˣʺͷ¶ģ˵ҲǸСŮֳ沢ʺϽ橵
ﳤȥõķֻʣ˽橺µŮӡ
ӽ橵˽⵽˺ܶ飬橵Լʱ˿ŵ֪ȻֱǳҰʱԼǰѾС˳ǳ־Ѿ׹Щνĸˡ
橣˵ϲĨǣ㣬ϲİɡ㲻ҪƭңҶŮӣԼֱüͷŽʵ
ԣԭأˮĴ۾ʱһƬ糺졣ǵģ֪׼ѾʼЩϲˣ̶Ȼܹǰ
һˣܵʱ򣬽Ǹ˾ĵȳһǣ޷Ĵ˽橵棬ĿһӿĹâ
һŮˣʱһһˣڽ˵񡣽ô޶أһμʱ򣬳ޱ飬Ψ˫۾֮˸Źһ̽Ѿ޷еĸоĵһоһġ
ǣڵʱ򣬽ųʶſͣȴԼûа취˵ʵתһ˲䣬ѾˣںڰпһĨâȴֻǺڰˡ
Ȼȴ˽ˣ뿪ǰյĵΡԭΪԼǸҪװ׵ֺãܻȡԶ뿪Ρǽû뵽ֻǵҪͲʲôǷ֮롣
һ̣橲ŷ֣һߣ⼸ദѾʼϲˣֻ˼һûв
Щ߾ֵָǳ£ɲ֪˻ûбĹϵ
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һ£ޥĵô᲻˼ءź췢Ͱ±ȥ£ֻܴȥΪĿ̫ˣ˰ˣôһġ
أ˵׾һʲôͨŮӣһֱһǴĸڳߣΪһ鷳ֻѽ橣ϣԺýв橻һ޸֮ŮӰˡ
ҧ촽ӣɫ촽챻ҧˣڸɾıд·ϸ˵ǣڣ֪ģ㲻ұĻܲܽһЩԱİ취
һ£ʵֻҪһ½橣Ϊϰˡû뵽Ůӣ滹һɺǿľͷ⣬ϲСԸˣϾԭҲһͨŮӣһһΪȫһǹ֣ԭͼֻԼˡ
ѧôŽ橣ǰŮͲ󣬱ҪС꣬ǽ橵Ŀȴޱȼᶨɾϣд档
˦˦֣ƺٿʲôιҧƺ˺ܴľģ˵ãȻҪѧҾͽ㡣óľˣҪûǹֵ츳ûеĻôҲǰĪˣֻܽһЩ򵥵ķˡ
ԣĵӶʱһϲæͷ޲Ͼܰʦѧա
ԸŵĺܣҲǸƢ¾ýϤһ¾ѻǹס橿ǹ֧һķ㶣ջҧĵ˼ʱԾǲҪ졣橵ĶͷȫǺ飬ɲôŬǹûС
ôˣһͷˮŽ橣ʱСûнӴǹеɿ۶СӶ飬Ϊʲôƫƫ橲أ
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һ£֮ǰѾӳٵ֪˹ڽ橵飬û뵽˿˾ȻôɥĲ
橣벻뱨𣡡ЦĿдеϣʵ


491 £
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Ϊ˹أǼҵǮˣɱİְ裬ҲһʳǵСΪ˿˹غЩ˵
˵橵һӶ˹ظٵˣһᵽ֣橾Ǻ֮ǣ޲ܽ˹ظ̻ˡʱ򣬳޿Ըıһˣ㹻ĳ޿һųŮӣһɱ˲գ۵Ѫǹ֣
Ž橣ƺǰԼȻ˲ͬͬĲʺͷߺȴͬġ
ãȻͬˣҾҸ㡣̻ǳļ࣬ȥûˡڷڻüŽ橣ѵ
һû˿ԥȫǿ˹Щ飬ļͥɵ˺˵ѵʲôˣһһ橶˿ԥ
һ½橵óֻͨһ绰룬绰һ˺ܿ촫ֵ׹ҡǳĴ̶ֱս񾭵ߣãôû꣬û͹˵仰
绰һ˳ֵȻֹһ㻹û
ҶģһˣҴһѣҲࡣͷĳֻ绰һ˵λʲôãɢɢԸʵץ
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һСʱԺһݵ˳ͽ橵ǰһɫ·ȻݿβסֱϾµļ⣬⸱ģʱܶ紵һʵ£ҪȳֶθײС
ãԭ꣬ԱаŮһװʮ幫ְҵɱ֡
֪Ĺõϸˣĺܶ˿ֻ֪ô֣ŮĶ㲻һʶĴһڵĻȻɢɢ˵ɳϣ۾Ҫ˯ȥһ
ͷĳȥһѾõ죬ʱŭæģ˯ģ㻹û꣡
Ƶ˫ۣһԵĽ橾һˣֱײǽϣһֵǰˡ
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͵ǻˣһﵱ࣬ιѾˣô죿һ߰οŽ橣һתá
۾ƺڿ橣ƺڿȻͷ˵һ㣬ǲ
֮ʱһϲƽʱһģɾǸݽɫ˵ǲĸֵ˲࣬橶ǹеûʲô츳ɾȻɱֵ츳
ãϴڳȥˣҴȥһȦϴˣֱӰ˴߾ͿˡЦе˵
һֱ۾ȴԲ۾ģǾ͸ûʲôæ˵ȥɵBOSSɣһûô޴
ʱ橾˱ӣȵΪоǸ˻ĻͲȥˣųû͸뿪
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Ҵˡûʾ˵ҲʮֵϣЦЦת뿪˷䡣
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ϴʱôϴأܲ˵ԼԳ飬Ҫһɱ˻ɣϴֱӸӳȥġ
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ͬʱһѾָľƵ꣬췢Ͱ±ھƵĻһ䣬˽ȥʱЩСͷĿѾϿҪˡ
֮ЩСͷĿһãΪֻ֪ЩƵļǺ췢ģȴ֪ʲô
һСͷĿԺ󣬱㿪˵췢ǴҶ֪ı£Ҳл֪˿ŵΪǣ㽫ǶйΪʲô
췢Ҫ˵ʶĿһߵĳȻ͹ϵıͣϾϴţֻһȵĶѣЩϣӦʵʵĴűȽϺá
췢ٶڳ˶췢׹һһڳ˶֪췢Ĺϵ񿴵췢Ȼһ˹ģе˶Ŀⶨ˳ϣ޲ֱӿ͸˵
ϴӦλϣ˿Σ˵Ŀⶼ˵˲ϲϻӲϲҴŹĨǵ߶߶˵˿ץһѣҵþˡԼԶԶܹҪ˿ˣǵҲԶԶ
˵껰ЩһӵķӦʱ䣬һʱһƬȻС
һ˶ʱͣɫų
ǣǺȫаոɵ˿ŵġ˵飬˭Ϊ屨ôھͿ뿪Ǿˮˮ˵
֮ǰ˵ǸСͷĿЩĵλƺܸߣʼնںͳԻ
췢ڳߵ˵磬˽н˹ʣµʮͷĿģҲΪǿһˡӶ˿Ūˣھݵ濴ӡ
һ£벻ӾȻ˹ĺӣ֪˹˿жˡ
˹ɫ࣬͵վһʵãҲ˿гǾѡô㣬ⲻһأ
ڳ˶ųȷʵ췢Ƶļ˳ֽ˸֯ڳһ仰Щȥ˿ŵƴû㹻ɺ֤ݣôɵӲŻųء
һЦ˵ǰҽ˿ŵڲ֤ʵҵѾڿ˹ص֪˹صһǳҰʮֲöԸڣǳҰѾˣ˳˿˹صλáӦϵĵҪ˵ô
˹˵һǳҰǿ˹ҲѶԸ߹ˣǰŵ˾Ѿյ˿˹صѶû뵽Ȼǰģܵſ˹صɵǳҰ˳Ϊ˹ߵˣԲ򵥰
źͳ֣ȫп˿š
ڳͷĿǶʱ۷׷ףһʱֺ֧֮ͳռǱʼնûзԼĹ۵㡣
ɨһֱʱѾȥ˺ܾãʮͷĿȴֻһһˡбҪˡ
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ƣһͷĿôʱ͵һ±ƿˣһƤ׹ֺ߽ʮСඣһ˺ֱ߽ӾͽΧסˡ
Ȼ⻹û߽꣬һЩˣһɴվ˻ЩͷĿ󡣺췢״һãģЩͷĿһ˶ûдû뵽ͷĿȻѡʱѣֱһ͵Ļᰡ
췢һǰһۣʱŭƤأʲô˼
Ƥأһ£ƺҲ֪˵һЩϣ·Ϻ췢óйЩͷĿϣƤ沢ûʲô֮ʮͷĿȽҲġһʼûаƤصһ¡
û뵽վԱͳľȻƤأһĬĬûʲôƤʱܳͳ̫ĶóòٴƤء
һԭûκλͳԵˣȻ˵վһץסᣬŶʮ´һסʣµʮһͷĿһƻĺ
ƤصΪһʾƤǸĻǸˣƤˣͲԼ֮ĩˡоõƤصһˣ˵һ
ֻǣڲȷ˻ʵǳŲģǳųġϣǺߣΪڻ뱻˶ϣָоʮֵĲˬ
췢Ǹʲôû飬ȥԼ顣Ƥֺź췢޲ܽ췢ݺݵĲȵŵ¡
𿴺췢ƽʱԴͿģɱҲһƢˣȻôַܺһ˴һôء
췢۾ƾҪȥʱСල췢ݺݵİ˻ҵ棬췢ӣһſԽԽŤ
žһ죬ץסСһ˵һֱ˵ĹͷɭɭĹͷƤ⣬ʱѪ
ɨһһСඣСයſ˺췢Դǰ˸ͲˣСѾڱˣͽ˵Ѫʱ˵Ŀȴû˿ı仯ƽˮ˵ǵ˵ͬݽһ
ˣˣҰŪȥȣƤҲסˣðŷӦһعæߵļСය
ŭĿžɨһߵļСඣ󼸲ߵƤصǰʼЩСûһ˸ǰġƴ䣬ԸЩСරҪʲô汾£ƤȻԲһ㣬Щµġ
ƤصųȻû뵽ĵԼµ˹һһߵƤǰ˼ƣƤزмĹ˹ָһһϣսپӲϲī
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ʼգСͷĿȫһԲֻǿƤغͳ˵ΪһҪԸʮ˵ʱ˶ΪˣΨ˹ĿһֵĿעųƺ뵽ʲôƵá
ƤҲѧϰһʱĻĹȻҲףǰԲôöԸĽɫʱҪҪӣǻϾ͵ɴҲͲҪʲôˣƤغһɤӣŸʲôҴ
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ȻһжԶԶûнһַɿٶȣ˾ǹһÿһ̵ͣСඡ
Ժ󣬶ʮСεβеĲУڵϲҽƤؼƲųԸһСඵʱתҪܡ
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ߵƤصǰʱһüһɧζûóιȥû뵽СӾȻˡűӣǿӳȥĳ嶯ʵ˭ģ
Ƥض߶µ֧֧˰죬û˵һ仰ҪٴοͷͻȻһ˫۾Լ
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һڣҪͣʱһžڵϵƤش˻ҵţ׼ҪȥɾǹƤ˵˵ϣѪ˳建ʿҵſڶȾˣһЩɫʡ
һǹԴѻֹȻǳصġ
ʱСͷĿվĿɿڴƤصķ򣬳̽Դŭģ££
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ѹû±ר־Ŷ˹飬췢˵ԵЩʱʱҪ̽ԴȥǸѻûС
ڣ췢಻סˣԴ׼ȥ췢Դһȥ;ͷƤһۣ˱͵һ
Сӻζˣ־ź췢죬ʱŭ
Сôôðʧղų˰룬СӾͲͷƤѪԴˡ
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չһ½ǣֱӺͰ±һ·֪ԷĿ굽ˣ֮һ·ܷһ㡣
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췢򿪵ԣûһ̣λڶ̳Ķ㣬Ӧö׼ҵλãݷ棬ʱõľѻְٷУõľѻǹӵվѻֵϰһǲӵģҲ˵ľѻǹ뻹ĸӵÿӵҵʱΪ룬вĻҡ磬㻹Ҫʲôݣ
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췢ҧõԽм㣬Ǻ췢Լġ
Ӻ󣬺췢˵ṩݽм֮㵽̳¥µʱǸѻֻҲͲൽ¥£֮û취֮ȫ뿪̳ġ
˵껰췢Ļ׼˳Ƕ̳ڲṹɨһ۽ЩϢ棬к췢ôݴߣ˲˺ܶࡣ
ſڵķ׼ȥʱ췢óһ΢ͨѶ豸óڶ档ͬʱ췢ɹ˶ϳļϵͳ潫̳мػȫչֳˣ췢ǽ̳Ψһĵݣ㰲ȫͨļ¼˳
һ֮󣬺췢ȵķ֣̳Ķ㾹Ȼһļأһջˡػ棬ܿһѻǱ¥λö׼˳ڵҡ
һҪȥĻҪܴġ
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ͷһϲǶԷָѻ֣׼˻ᣬɨһ۵ĻȻ˾ǹһ㣬ŵ˱͵һ³˻ҵĴšԭžͲԶ̼ɵģЩСͷĿĿɿڴ
˹Сƶ췢ߣʵǵϴǻĹĹְɣ
췢һԺĵͷߵСͷĿǶԺ췢ķڷղź췢ͳ˵ĻҶˣһ̲סֱð亹ǺͳΪУô췢ټһ˾㹻ʳѰҹˡ
췢ͬԸ˿ţֻҪǸ˹أʲô鶼ԸҺҵֵԺǵˣ˹ʮּ˵
Ҳѹֽ˹Ϳ˹ؿв֮ģô˵ɱ˿˹أýɭǹԾó
췢εͷЦҪҲϴģֻȣµġ
췢ǸѻֿûУ뿪ԺûŽ˶ˡ췢Ȼںͽ˹˵Ŀһֱû뿪ĻǸѻֲûп뿪
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洫ĺܾȺƽʱûʲô񱼳ݣԽ˼·ֱӳ˾Ƶ̳棺췢ݣ
˻ڣûв췢˵û뵽оѻֵ£绹ܳȥò˵һǳãһǳýˡ
һֻ̳㣬ΨһĵݻʹУҲ߶ʮһ˳Ųеĵֱһһƶߵ̳һʱ򣬺췢ͻȻϢ
Ǹѻ֣ˣ
磬ˣʰǹе׼뿪ˡСģҿƺһǹ췢Щ˵
ϲûǹеһѻֿ϶ԿģֻҪѻǹ棬ǳĸҲ˲ӵôö㿪ġ
һӿŲֱӱŶȥ
ܵڣӭͺһӵײһƺһֱӱײڵءۼֿ죬ֿס˵֡
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ʲô̸̸ġЦЦһˣȻŤĸ첲ߡ
һ·ߵݿڣҲߵʲôĿ⣬Ť˽˵档һк췢ڼػϿˣ췢һʾ˿ԷĴ󵨵ĻˣǸѻѾסˡ
Ȼں췢ҪصԵʱͻȻиʮ֣˱ģɵݻûеһ¥˾һһ㳯ųķƶȥ
췢㲻ɵö࿴һۣ̾ͷ˲Ծĵط˵оȻһѵ
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û˿ԥɨһ۵ݵţÿǸˣ͵һתǸѻ滻ԼλáŲҽ𣬾ѻŶĵ˵ϣҲһƬҡԭӵĵݼʱըˣŮ˵ļ˵ŭ˷
ҲȥǸѻ֣һȭֱ͵Ϯ˵ϡ
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磬ô졣췢ʵ
ð±ֽ˴ùȥǸ˵ľѻ־ͼ򵥴һ˿ڣˡ
ͺ췢һλص˾ƵĻ棬һţ˹ЩСͷĿǾǱϹϾģǽ˹һ̬Ѿһ¾ԺЩ˾İţֻҪ˿žˡ
ҲԸϻú췢Щ˵ϵʽһɢȥˣ˹ȴûߡ
ϰϣеĵһ̣ȫȻղŻ׷ɱء
˵ʲôֱ˵һȦ˵
췢ĬĬ²һ£װʮıԽԽˣȻ췢ȴУϾϴı»һ档
˹ڳǰ˴֣˵磬ȻһͷĿֶԸ˿ˣƤˣ
˭ЦЦɨһ۽˹Ѿ˵ĺˡ
˹ŵϴˣôʣµ˲һֱȺס˹Ҫµϴ󣬿ϧԲ˳㲻ûֽˣг˼ôͿʣǸСͷĿϽ˹ϴˡ
ƤЩȻ࣬ȷʵһŽ˹ΪδŵϴȻҪ̵Ƥˡ
˹һĻǸˣһ֪ģԳļƻûʲôӰ飬Ҳʵùˡ
˽˹Ļ滣ֱùݡôùóһж˭ĻʹģΪܿܺͿ˹йϵ
صùԺȻȻ֪˽Ѿˣһ¿ˮ̵ģһʲôȫ˵ˡʱŮ˸ĿЦãֻһŮӣҲûýߣǹѽŪعȥм˸㰲һˡ
û뵽ŮӿģȻҲܱˣǸʲôþˡ


494 ͷ
ˣʹڹҲжŵģǾһʮʮı̬ӷӡԹʲô࣬뵽ʱ˵ȥһ橣ֲȥˣһᰲһ½ͻػĹ
ʱһղſڵģΪҪأһûʱͻָƤЦģ
ʹҴһкһߵ˸ڵķȥ˱ڵϣűҲ֪˭ġ
һѵ˵ǰǸѻѾѹˣ˿˴Ѫ͸ɴǴۡ
һȡⴲҪǴ󺰴еĻһⱲӶ˵һ֣Це˵ֳѻĴ
һ⣬ʲôˣڼʵ
ѻָɴͱ۾Ͳش⣬ǸõҲǽű۾һޣȻǲش⡣
ʱƿ߽ͬʱ۾ֵ˿Ժ۾漸Ҫˡһͷˮ˵СѾͷȻǿɰ˵㣬Ҳ˵Ҳֵĵزɡ
ݵվڳߣɨһˣֱӳȥذ׽Ǿѻֵ·ˡ
㲻ҪʳвСЦõ˵
һȥӡǣǰսӵûˡϵһӡǣһѸŶߡ
ĽûӡǰսӵĶӱֻ꣬а˲ŻӵӡǡԵסˣĻ벻ͨΪʲô˻ء
磬ǲᱳѰģǵļ˶ڰ˿֮£˵ʲôƾǼ˽ҴðɡЩε˵
ûʲôԣʵϾ˿˵ĻҲʲôõĶֻڻҰˣͲ֪õϢ
Ҳ˼ڵ׷ɱô˷ŻȥˣνΪȻ˼ҲԸ˵Ҳǿ
һỻطסǰһ仰
׹Ϣһҿ棬еĺſȣϰڷһݱֽģû˼ȥ
뿪ùԺ˻յһϢʾİ롣Ϊŵˣȥ֪ȻǹڵǸϺġ
ϺҪҿҪһˣ˽һЩϢ
ҵҿһһͷۿҹɫŨҲ˴꣬ϲɫʵͷѾڵϺ˸Ѫͷʲôͷųô󣬾ȻһСʱ
ŵȣŴ裬еķҲһЩ
һ𣿡ߴһʺ
Ƥû̧һ£ֳϻ˵ֻŮˣֻֿܣһ־ƴλãڶ־ǵӵġ˱Ͳ࣬Ůƴģڵڶֿ͸Ըȥˡ
һ𣿡ȻŮƺ٣ʵ
ǳŮ˼ƽϣҲЩͷˣŤͷ㽫Ů˸ߡһתͷסˣǰŮ˾Բǳеݺݺ࣬һڰ׷ְҵװɫͷմΣˮ˳ŷһ£һ޵ӿ
Ů˳ʮ־£׹Ů֮лǷǳģŮӦǻѪһڿ۾һ֪Ů
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬳һŮ˾Ȼ𾴣Լ֪ʲôë
˵ͷ˵ʱһˣڵԱλӡ˵껰ɨһԱߵλӣʾŮ˸Ͻȥˣҡ
˭֪֪Ů΢΢һЦųգգ۾Ȼֱ˳ǰ
֪ŮԺ󣬽ԼϣȻȻĵһȣԼƷ˿
ŮڵˣҪߵ˰ɡһε˵ȴڲ²⣬ŮǲǷˡ
Ҫȴ֪ŮڹڵʱҾųԿǳǿԳҾԼǲˣһûˡ
һ£Ѳ֪ŮϺĽͷˣѹֻٵһСʱŮǲʱɻûġ
֪Ů˳Ȼеĺſȣû뿪˼
ӹļһӦһЩ϶ѣڶ澹ȻһǹһĭȻ׹ǹ֧Ĺܿزʮϸ񣬿ôǻˣһ͵ģڿŪǹ֧ҩǲ̫õѡ
ļһԣǮͳǮϣȻ󿪿ں֪Ůڳ֪Ůһöӣһ֪ʲôӰˡ
֪ŮȻɨһ۳ЦͷϺ겢ûи˵Ҿҽһ¡ҽᰣ׹ĸˣʱıѾǵҪԽ㡣ϣһ񡣡
һ£ʵϺ£鱨Ա
֪ŮЦЦҲȴҲûش⵹˹Щ˵ķʲô鶼ֻ˵һ룬ŵ鶼ֱӸ˵ġ
û뵽ô̵ʹڽ췢£˵İõĶĻһЩġ֪Ů˵ٲȻѾԼˡ
һһ漴ЦʱϺ겢ûиҪʲô˺ǣҡܺãתϺ꣬һõ֣Щ˰ʲôʲôǲҪˡ
˵껰ļߣǰ̲ĺһлл֪ŮӡǲģһԷ˾ȻǳһӬһĶġ
֪ŮҪ
ͷûأҲ滹ֱ꣬뿪˿ſͣŵĳ⳵ڣһ
ʵϣѾܷŭˣֻһŮ˷ˡ
ִʱϺʲôûиô׹ǿųԼ͵ģ׹վȽŸðνˡ
ʲôڷûѳһˣһһУ۲һһֳִˣŻ֪ŮӴ
µûĻһļӦǸĹϣһϸ涼ء
һ˵ǣ֮ǰ׹ʲôǵʱ˼Ҹûһڣݺݵҧŭģǿӣӻôǡ
ڼƳ̳氵ģˣصĹԺһҪǸϺúˡ
ڣ֪ŮŴĴ귢ʱ֪Ůֻˣ洫һȴգôˣĶô
֪ŮʶĵͷŷӦԷͿһЩ߷ߵߵѾˣͲԸ֣ûĶһڽҵ̬ȡ
绰һ˵߳ĬƬ̣գ㲻Ҫԣǵˣع
֪ŮȥļƳ̳һ񣬲һȲ̨ôôϺ궼ųء


495 
ڼƳ̳ڣų裬˵Ҳų
һʮԼƻĿˣǻصڣ׹ĿףŮѣȫڻĹ
һ㶼ԼЩ˵İȫֻҪ˻׹£ЩϺһὫչ˵׵ǳָоȻ˵ҲϣǶ׹黳еģ֮Ҳ֧ų
ǣϲǿȺвǽǸ֪ŮóһʵԶԶܱ
ˡƳ̳˾ͻȻ˵仰˳˼
ǵģˡ
Ǯ³ȴû߽棬ͺ췢ڽһСΪʱݵ㡣վڱſڣƾϣȴҲҵӱø
սӵҧϷţҲ˻е˼۸ԴϣǲɵӡȻƵôҪǸ־档
ŻѾڳ֮ˣҲͽ˹ͨʱŵ˽᲻ϵĸ˹鷳˸˹ҵ鷳⣬ҪǶԸˡ
һѻŪʮǱǸǰˣʱʱ䣬˶Ѿ֪˳׹ݡͺ췢ϴŵ˶Ը˹أڰ˵Ҳһ·˱ͷĿꡣ
Ҳ˰Ȼָоȴóеʮֵ̹ҪĶһ¹
֮Уͨ˻Ĺǲ룬绰˲ͱͨˡ
Сӣô绰ˡ绰һ˴ߵ٩
ʱĳȫûϺϻڳϵʱѾļĶһЩӵݺͼֽݾǿѹĽֶͣᱻз֮ϡ
һҪõĶϵĶű˹شߵǸˡ
ļϢǸ˽нɣǻĹżѧҡʮѾ˻ĹһЩشĿзΪĳЩԭ׹ٺ׹
ȻֻǶϢˣʵ׹ǿп˽ɣʮɱ׹֮УоǿѹʵϿѹڹ϶ѾСгЧˣ沢ûκһκһѧҿ
ȻʮıչоɾȻˣѾԽѹ棬ȻֻһЩС͵ɱǹ˶١
ɶڽǶԣѹһЩ棬顣
ɵǱ׹ǿпģɡǰѹĿѾЧ׹ڽҲ˾裬ϾѾ˶ʮ꣬ûκߵľٶ
뵽ɵЦˡ
׹ԶⲻˣĹŹǧʷ֮굽ʲôʤܲ٣ǫѷЩԶ׹޷ġ
Ǻڹһ㣬Ȼɱ˶ʮ꣬ûһ첻صĹġǣɳ׹˷˾裬Ȼ׹˵Ƥӵ˳
ңڵһʱϵ˹ڵˣϢҲЩϺİ칫ϡ
ԭļƻǻĹ˽ܽߣû뵽׹˾ȻѲ齭ɵ䣬ĹҵҲܹĳ
ãŵϴй飬ԱȵĹ˽ߡ
˭֪˹ز֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬾ȻһţɴŴ˲˵ŵܲˣŵϴҲܲ档
Ʋ⣬¿˹ӦǳǮȥģ֪׹Щһ᲻Ὺʲô
ҲʼҪ˳Ĵ׹ߣýɽԼоɹػĹ
øϻҪ׹ӵһǾЧҵġҪٵˣֻҪӢ֪վڴУ˵
绰һ˶ʱʹһŭǴҲϺҲỤ̄СʨӴ󿪿ڰ
Ҫڿ˹صϣҪ˹أͬʱƿؿ˹صҵ˼˵ں͵绰Ϻ飬֪ͨϺ꣬Ҫ˴ȥô͸㹻Ľ
绰һ˳Ĭһ˵һСʱԺһ׼ȷϢҵȨ
á˵һ֣ת־͹Ҷ˵绰
Ĺ֮Уߵɫ࣬ޱȵ࣬޲ֱӽǲ绰ˡ˵ĺеһ㷴ضûУߴҲµ˳Ҫ顣
ʹڳ˸Ҫɫ뿪׹ǲܡɹĽ˿Уôڽ׹һЩʱͨ죬ҪһϢͻػĹ׹ĸ߲عǣҲ޷ġ
СӣǲһҪһ飬ֵôˣǲݵġĿͣдͺ˵
ǣðգһ׹˷֣С鷳ʮֵĵ˵
תɨһˣЦǻ̫ˣϴе͹ƽԣ˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ󡣵͹ƽվʤһģ׹ôֻҪ˳Ļѹڴ棬׹Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻ۹ȥˡȻǾ͵ű½񶯼ܺɡ
½񶯼ܣ
Ŀ¶һƬֻźϣѾ֪ˣǿѹ̬ȫԽһ½ֱӺ죡
˵ĿԽԽȣǰôû뵽أһĹּ˵׹ˣڹʲôµġ˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ󣬶ɾȭͷĺĲ֣Ϊȭͷݻˡ
Ȼ𾴣æ˵ǣˣԺֻҪǳҪĶϵǣҲ͵
ҡҡͷ٩˰ɣټ˿ᣬϵĳҪߵġɲĽ͵ϣôĿͷҲõֱ졣
ΪȭͷӲ²죡һ˵߿Цðڰ֣עǶͣҪĶɲˣЩĹĸ߲Աһ̬ȣֳ֧ó׹ȫ̵ֻܰٷ֮ٱ֤˳صĹ
ԭǲϣЩ˽ģĹѾûдڵıҪˣȭͷӲӲ
仰˵׹ͨҲˡ
ϧСѾǺˣȻΪûǲġ˸̾
ųǺǵģСǿų֮Ҷ󲻵ġ
˼ĵͷΪ׹Ҫķ飬Ļ
صʱɫѾûп֮ǰսӵˣô˵ģûȤ֪Ӳȥ׷ʡÿ˶ÿ˵ĵߣ˴ЩԺ˭޺С͸ˡ
ˣҲˣԳĸΪ
صʱ췢ڿ濴ӣ洫˵ζÿ֪ǰ±³һ˲һִǾڹڣԼļ档
ȻȴЩϤЦˡ


496 鷳
ߣϴ㻹ðɣƬɨһ۳ʱͲˣҲѹ˶ѵһʧģ
ڰʾԼû£һͷԡңϴˮ׼
ԡҵţ˲סˡԡ沢ǿһˣȻһȫźɫµˣһԡױԵԺ¶һõЦ
ϴãҽСڣЭϴˡЦе˵
Թ̵һ²ûըֱӳԡŭôģԴô˶֪
ף嵽ԡſڣǹֱӶ׼ǸСڡСһ£˵ԭתһȦ˳⣬˭ûǹôߵģȴһعʱСѾסһ䵶Ĳ棬˸ɭɭâ
ҲǹʮǹҡССһʮ˵
ʱһͷ˵ϺǲڹˣһѾͷ۵ˣСڿҲʲôƲ硣
Լˡһ䣬Сŷſҽ׻
ŲӣѾһպˡ
Է˳һԼǿסͷۿ˵ʱ±Ѿ׼ˣ͵ؿСڻһķ㶣Ϊǳġ
СҲ棬ʼãĿɿڴСӻĲһܳԣһѾԵ˵ķ±һк͸ϽȥȥˣܲóǶӰɡ
СڳһᣬͣˣЦеĽ͵˼ҵһϴûʲôʵǶˡ±磬зô
У洫±˺ѷεĺ
ɫ˲ˣȻ֪±֪±ͳĹϵ֮ǰѾõ˵鱨ȴһ֪
Сƺ˳ɫæ͵ϴ㲻Ҫңʵǰģֻ˶ѣʱһǸСබѡˣҽһ£ҽСڣԱаŮó񶷺͸óľǹеȻըҩ֮ġʹľѻ֣һҲɥʧս
һ£ըҩ񵯡
Сڵʲôô˵ɥĲ񣺡㣬ʲôˣ
Сʣ޼ķˣʿˮЦǹ¶еϺӣҲڡһΣ常صΪ˰㡣Ҹһ͵ɹģҲԲûб㷢֡
͸Ӻˣ֪ڼĸִڣͲڻôһˡ
˵ʱ㶼ڼңѾǳûθڣǱôһˣ黹ܺõȥóúǣΪʲôû취Сء
Сڰڰ֣ЦǼӣֻ뿴һҪûǸ¡ϴ϶ȫϸģҲΪûҵĴڶڻڻĹǹϢĴˡʹǶ㣬ҲᷢҵĴڡ
һ˵Ϣһ磬ԴһطԲȰϣҲǱٹȵһַʽɡĻĴ˵Сڵ㱾²жô޷⡣
ǧʷӣʲôĸֶڡ
ô᲻ṦǷȥ֣Բ۾ˮ۾ǿһϡжһ޲ܽСڸˣоо˵ôġ
СڲûĲˮȥæ͵ṦҪСģҵʶһṦĸ֣Ҳû˵ôֲˣƽ߰׵ĸ߶ȣѾļˡ
һṦֶڻĹ֮лô˻ģС˵ģṦҪСģ˵ûʲôáɵٸߣһѻ־Ѿˡ
һ˺ĵŮӣСʸͣ췢һԿЦ֮дһͼ¶
ʱ򣬰±˷ˣصظСһ˫˷ݣû뵽СھȻȫԹˡһ˸ɵһʳ췢̲ҲûзŹ
ӣСӪİɡ±Ұһʵı׼ҲˣСһپ͸ˣʵð±ĶڵѪ
ɳϺȿȣεĽ͵СӴѾܾöûгԶˣûȫԹѾȫǿˡ
±࣬ȥСڵ׶ûгԶˣһתСӾȻ˵ذϣ۾ƺ˯
±ĴչȥȵķСڵؿڿûκε±ָСڵı棬˺þҲûоʲôʱӣˣСǲǳˡ
۵̫Ѩſֱȥ¥ϵϢɰ±оСڡǲɵ˼ǹϢߣԱ˵ȻҪˣСڲ˯仰˵ڤ롣һľ磬ľûа취ġ
Ψһֵø˵ľǣСڲûʲôĻһɱĸ֣ϺҲԼڶˣ֮ǰĶԹѾʼǣҪҪʱˡ
һҹ޻賿ʱֻˣʾǿ˹ء
еֱӣͨ˵绰绰һ˶ʱ˹صǳô㣬㾹ȻԸңҸʲôڣ
ǣЦûйڣֻ㵲סҵ·ѡŶˣô귢ʲô
װ⣬ǲ㣬Ƶϣġ˹رףһ߳Ƶϴ󣬾ȻҲôһ档
룬û˵绰ҲȥῨ˹صķ硣
˹ѾˣȻѾҪԸˣ绰ʲôãвôѾôˡ
ȥڷҺ췢һ򿪺췢ķţСѾ˯˵ǰ
ԴӺ췢ĸ첲ȻͿʮ־ʵһĻ췢СӾȻ˹Լ˿ŵһЩƵȥ󲿷ֵݶǿ˹ãеһЩݡ
ʱĳ˵췢˵ȫ֪ˡ
磬ʲôʱģǲ˼ҾȻ˯ˡ췢ѹЩε˵
ڰ֣ʵˣ
˹رԲ˺֣ҽЩ֤ȫ˳ȥʱ˹ص˿ѾȺ֮˰ɡСʱǰյϢʮСȫԱ˹صĹűѾΧ׹ľ컹ûг֣Ӳһεı췢һ˵
ĵͷӿ˹ѾҪˣЩ˾ѾҪ˹ظˡÿ˹ô׵ĵ£Ͼѧһڿ˹صϣһЩ˴ȥ˵˿ѧҾͲˡ
ءʵ
췢룬ƺûȫ˯ѣ۾սѾ˶ˣɳ񣬴㽫ǰɱѾڱΧӦװã˴³ܲҵġ
һ췢İЧʲһĸߣû˵ķ⣬췢Ѿȫˡ


497 
췢ϲһ˾Ҫȥ׷ȻʱϲŮѾ̺ˡͻȻôһ䣬췢һͷˮ˰죬ع񣬶ʱһ
췢һΣҲ֪˵Щʲôźãǵģȷʵϲһ÷ϲԸղſһֱСڵʱ򣬺췢ĵСû
뿪ĹԺΪǹ֣췢ҲΪԭǱоԣΪܵĵԺտΡһеŬΪ˵õĿ϶
ÿһΣսʱ򣬺췢رĿģÿһݵʱ򣬺췢һҪȫ˵ȥһ̺췢ĵľԼǱҪģһֱᵽһ뵽췢
췢ĲܲһԺڿͣ˵췢ʵԶԶ֮ϣֻ췢ΪԵʲŻһֱߣ췢뿪ߡ
磬˵ϲϲңǳϦദҸͲʲôʱܶ࿴һۡ췢Щɥ˵һ˵Żһ߻еĿֹޣʱĺ췢ȫȻʢ˵ģһ¶Ĵк
һ£һ˵ĽǶȿȰ˵췢㻹̫ˣԸŮһҪҪôʾĲСĬĬϲֻĿ߿
췢˼ĵͷڸ鷽ȫǸС׵Ȼ˳Ĺ
ǽ췢Ҳڻ賿Сѹǻͷʱ䣬һȥķ䡣
ɫǣʱڻصľ
һǹ죬ը˵ĸоһ飬æǹĵطϹȥʱÿ˯£췢ǶڵϣδųһίãóеЦˡ
߹ȥѯʵ׷ʲô飬Ľԭί渵
ղź췢ķ䣬ſھһϲ㣬վԡҵſڣϴ𴲳췢һֱ׶ź췢һǹҺú췢Ӧ٣æӣȻԴѾˡ
ԶʱӿЦˣ췢ֱˣĶкӹ
ϴҲǹġ췢һֺί˵εĵͷ֪Ͳ췢ˣⲻǻϽô
ڳƤʱ±¥Ƶ۾СѾͷҪʲôҲǿ˼ҵ˯ˡ
˶ʱôЦɨһֲۣûпСڵӰӣʱЩԾСǹеˣӦ˵ǹʲôеģΪʲôǹûСڵӰء
תȥ˸ڣСڵķ䣬ȻСڵķѾˣڿһˣСɨһֱۣ컹ң߹ȥһ£һЩ£Сڸ뿪á
ףСȥˣһɻʵ
ʱ򣬺췢ɫ䣬˴ֱӳԼķ䣬췢űʼǱɱһ·ϱʼǱֵĵεʵϺǴ̶ģղһ֣ͬû˲õ
췢˱ʼǱĻһ棬ɫĻкܶСƶСѾ̵Χˡ
һ£Ǻ췢зȸӦϵͳֻҪµĶΧͻᱻȸӦϵͳõ
磬㿴췢Եݸ˵
һĶȻ֪ʲôӦͷ˰ɡϣǿ˹صˣϾ˹ص˻ǱȽϺöԸġ
űʼǱĻ棬С춼ʮйɣÿһεƶǼСһ𣬶СһеСȫˡʹЩѾֹͣ˻Ϊŵˡ
ôüͷЩСƶʽԼרҵʿͲǿ˹Щҷ¡ĵһоǣӶ
ǰˡһһԵЩ
ʮˣһ飬ӽȵȷС飬Ѿ˱ıԵҲһ¥Ĵˡ
ڶ¥Ψһֵҵˣվһ¥ͱɸˡ
üͷЩ̫࣬ҲڶʱڸɵǵģϾֻһѻֶѣһ˽ֻ·һˡ
ʱ򣬵ִ˵ε֮ǰľͬһʮ̴ֶ˱ͷЧ
ʲô˼תͷʺ췢
췢ΪĿҲһͷˮĳ֣ʹŵзѾɵһˡȻӺĻϵС㾹Ȼֱʧ
СʧʹѾˡϢĸɵ˶Էˣ
ԲۣССӣѾǰȥˣûѪô˹ϢԼһԸ֪ߵһУ˽ӽĻСڱ̫Իġ
Ϣߣ˯ڤ롣ʹԷſգٷӵ˼£˵ϢĴ߾һƶ״һǧ׷Χڵﶼĸ֪ڡ
Сڻᣬ£Ǳ㷶ΧܹоġţСһо˱Χ˵ˣȻһĳȥˡ
ӸɵԷˣֱ˶ԷһСֶӡӵĻСԾûƶµΪֹЩ˻СڵĴڡ
ҹĻ֮£Сھһ飬ɫǱڵ˵ߣ䵶һжǰ˵ĺ䵶˵ĲϣѪ˳䵶²û
СŵĿˣһֻèһ޽ŲĵĽ˴˱һ档Ѿʬˡ
С˷ܵһͷϲָоǱںҹ֮ϢĶߵ˵ҪκεڣΪĴĻľˡ
ҹĻ£СһжèһеţȫµļغĺԽԽ΢ˡʱܷСڣܻܿΪԼһߵʬ塣
Сڲɫߵ˵ǵڶСˣֻʣˣһ˵ľԶСһͷе䵶һ˲˵ĺ
䵶ֱսĵ֮УСж׵ëס˵͡ëѾ˴ͨ˵ĺʼԲ񾭡
ָɵˣԾûб˷֡Сһβûʬ壬Ƕһֵƣƶŵ˵˵Աһֱȥһס˵ͣһֲֻ䵶ֱӽ˵
ڣӲûڵϡһʼСʧڣѾȥӣСھȻɵ˵зʮˡʵڸɵԷʮ˳ҲѸٻ˷֣ʵ
ĭѹϺСڸɹǱϺԼţ֪᲻Ϊһɱ˿ħ
ҹĻУСڻڼжĻϵСһһʧ췢ŵĻ
ף԰ѾɵʮӦûʮ߸ˣһСڡôʮ߸Сأ췢Ӧϵͳǲǳˡ۲쵽쳣æʵ
췢ĸӦϵͳ⣬ѱСڲΣ֮С
췢Ҳһ±ƣͲ֪Ϊʲôֹϡ
Цһ£͵ˣСڿԵԼ£ȸӦϵͳУѾĸӦ׼ԣϵͳСھһεˡ
췢ͷ亹ˣҺСԼˣǵзˣһֱȸӦϵͳǣ֪ôġ


498 
磬ǲҲӦóȥˣôȥƵ˶СһˡԾԾԣһļ˷ܡ
۵̫Ѩʵϲǵз˭ϾһۿһʧвɵЩЩ˸氢սӵϴ󣬵ȥǵϴ󵱳ڻҡ
սһ֪ͺ췢Ĵڣʮһȥ޻صĽ
΢΢͵̫Ѩ˵ǹǱˡ
磿ɻųӦȫԷôΪʲôҪݾء
ɳϵһ̣ĳ˵˵ֻǵˡǶЩ˵ǿǸףϹӡ˼ҵķȻҪ£ֻǰսӵڻҰˣ˾ˡ
磬ҵһηô˧һݵ˵˵껰ֳ̧һǹĻϵСѸʧһ
ͬʱСҲһæ˼˺ڰ֮С
ղŷŵǸˣСڵĿ꣬СѾ׼ȥˣ˭ֱ֪ӿһǹСڶÿ죬һǹһʯĽˡ
СڶڵϣһŭģǹŮˣ
˳ˣԺһŭȣûСڻع񣬾ͿҹĻ֮ʮ˿ٵĳſȥ
Сֻһ̿ͣǹеĵͲȥ׷
Сֻе䵶һεĻص˱ڡ
СһţͿһɳϣڵ·ܴ͸˵һ㣬СڡСһ£Щ֪վԭأ֪Լʲô
ɨһСڣ˵ʹɱеˣһȥʱҪǰĻǴкҲǰǲǶˣҳ£ҲϣһȥսȻڵ˵
С룬ȻͷС˵ǰӾǶַѡˣͲ֪ʲôʲôСڿһ׹Ϊ˳ֻҪԳһ˸ͺˡ
ҲǳĵˡСڵĸʵ⣬ɳҪһŶӣһս޲ʤŶӣСڶĻֻΪŶӵϰǳ뿴Ľ
򵥵һ£׹ŶӺ͹ڵĸû취Ƚϣ±ǺµģŶӵ쵼ߣ췢Ǳزȱ֣СڲִߣϾһ˲еɡ
ִߣһԶԶܹʤΡ
һǾѻ֣һǴ̿ͣҪټϺ췢ǽ񼼵츳ֱĽࡣһгԱĺġ
췢ѾϺܶ˸û⣬Ҹʮʱ䣬취СڳΪĻ顣ʲô취ϣʮԺῴӡ˵
СȻеִģڳڳҲû˵ʲôͺ췢˵ˣѻֺʹ̿ͱСҪһ̿ͺһֻӴϻûʲôˡ
±磬ߡ̣ϰ±ֱ뿪˱
ԺڻѪҺζкܶ棬Щڻң׹Ҳȥ׷ġ˵ĿⶼǸѧң˿ѹϵļ˼
ǸѧҾԲ׹ƿأҪʱ򣬳ܻܿɱȡѡ
ϣĴԺҪٿѹвǳһ˵ֱʣΪ̵顣
ӣȥģ±ɻʵ
Ц˼Ƴֱ̳ӵĸģ̽ߡһǳԼãһǸǵġܲǹȥ⳵ɣ±۾ֱˣȻ˵⸣̽Ҳʲôóɿ̬ȼֱгûʲô
ַд˵ԱͻڱԺˣŰ±ȥһط
±ڳ󣬿û뵽Ȼֱȥ˻ݡ
ݵ㣬Ǹȥģ±ǿˢ׹ɫشȡ͵ĵطкܶĹӶͽˣȻְҵҲֻ׹ˡ
һ͡ߵǰ̨ͬʱݳп
ǣ˹صͷԼսϴԴ˿д֮˶Ӳԭأ˺ðСѵһ£һͷȥеĹӶͽ˶յϢ͵λҲֱյ͵Ϣ
ͷʾ֪飬ʵϳ;Ϊÿ˹غͰսӵϴ֪һ򲻻ڵˣǰֻʱδˡ
˹ص˳·Ȼ׷ɱǸѻֵĿϲֱ˶ŵĸоɾĸɵеĵˡ
㷢ͷʲôʱѧˡ±״æ˺
ŵһ£Ҫ˵ڻ渺𷢲ͣҲʶ˲ٵͽȴûмĽ
һװ˵ߣƤƫȴСζӲӢٴŻеأ˫ڵ۾Ŵ͸һƽˮˣһ׹ĴֱΪ֮
ͺܿͷȥˣܶ˵ֻЩӶͽ˶һͷȥֻݶڽıʩǲģڳȥԺСʱű֪ġ˵Ӧʱ뿪ݣǳûô˴һλ棬źƳţţθڻ
ϵ۰ȻͿ˹غͰǲǷˡ
찡һǧͣıɱ
ģͿ˹ز˳ˣǾͱɣǮʱ򣬱ް
һʱ֮۷׷ףеѡ뿪е˻ԥеǸɾĽ
ʼճͰ±ڴ棬һ߳Էһ߹۲Ŵˡͳƽʱֻˡ
汾ʮְͨ˵绰绰һ˴̶ϴǲǷˣʲôͣһǧһţɱ˿˹غͰǮҪˣ
ʱˣֻǴ󣬿ڷǳĴʱͱúˣ˵Ŀⶼ˳ϡ
һҲܴˢˢĿ⣬ֻ˵ðҵ㡣
ϴһ绰һ˴Сڵûһںȥ⼸»һһײС
Ҷ˵绰ֻ۲һ£ôһ֣ȫˡֻܺͰ±뿪ˣһǰһŵ߹ȥ
˸ߵŵĸͻȻܳĸӶͰ±Χס
ɨһ⼸ӶӲǰˡ
Ǹʲô±ʱըˣЩ˶Գ
ǳһСͷĿʵ
˵ͷвյģʲô
˭֪յͷСͷĿͳһǹֱӴ˳Դϡ±һãɣҲӲһˡ
ɨһСͷĿЦɱô


499 ͬѧ
СͷĿĿָλãʱһŭȣǹ
һɱڵĴȺ߳󻹸װһͷ𷢴ͷһ˿ϻһӲӵдѩѵζһˮζ
ǻݵĽڻݵķΧܵݵıǣһԡ˳һѩѣʮװƵ˵
СͷĿһ£ƺ֪˵ݣϽǹˡ
Դ֪ԼҲĿֻ꣬û뵽ЩӶǼǮۿȻݵһ߲ԱըˣЦû㹻İգҲôţܿǲǸɵӡ
˵ĳֹ⼸ӶԳֵ뷨ǣһڻڡ
ߵ˵ǰʮֿĵлԸ񣬼Ȼ˳˵һס飬ȻûнǼӶ˵ĺģǵᵽ
Цһ£ס˳֣˵㣬ܲҪҪȥ¥Ϻȱƣ
һ£ǹֻҪȥĻô⼸ӶڻǴȥˡȻϲʲôͷڹ̺꣬ųԳܾ˵롣
ûȳڣζ˵ͣҺܸȤȥȱƺú̸һ̸
ɨһˣһﻰлƺǴΪŪ鷳ǻб顣
ڹڣַӽ˹Ȼڳ׹ز죬ȻҪύôҲʮġһѣܱȶһ˺öˣοڳĵ˾Ѿˡ
³Ҳûԥ˵ͷͰ±¥ߡ
ݵ㣬ҲǷһ㣬ʵϲ㡣ڻݵ̨棬ݵ̨ȫ÷Χһ͸ı֡ЩķֵǧԪ֪ݵʵжôǿ
һǣڵǵڲм仹һװã˽ŵʱһ°ťǸװԶ򿪣ɫĲ£ȫͿ
ʮֵĴмһʵľϰɳͲ輸ȫúɫʯ̳ɵġƤЬڴʯ棬һһĴ죬ֿտĵطСڶû취Լɡ
ϰϣ߻һʮƯ޵Ů飬ǳԿ϶Ů˾ԺûʲôĹϵŮǳ֪Եְҵװǳɫϰ׳Եʮ͡
ȻŮ˵ȴóеʮֵϤڿƯŮ˵ʱ򶼻Ϥɡ
ɳϣ±ЩСģƺǾˡ
ݵĸˣǶҽãҲŽҽúˡʮ㣬ϰֱ档
ÿ֪˿϶ǴСŽԿ׳ĻɫټֶκʽۺȻ˵ԼǻݵĸˣӽõıӦûһˡ
Ϊʲôûˣ˵ˡ˿ôֲǷ˼Ǯû͵˼ҵţʲôþġ
һ£Ȼû뵽Ȼôֱӣĸһģһ
óһѩѣŨصӿ󻺻˵һˣҾͲ˷ѱ˴˵ʱˡ˿˹أǲͰͣѾ㳷һ
ʲô
ǲˬĿãʲô˼ò𰢶һǧͽ
Ϊͽ⣬ҿھ֧ȫԤ֧򡣡ֱ壬һ˵
˭֪ҡҡͷǸŮ齫佻ǳ֧ԤǮͬʱ˵Ǯ⡣սӲͨ֯˽°׹һЩܶôĿŵȥͰսӵϴҲǽǸˡһ죬ݾͻᱻ׵ԣʱ㲻ܶ
һ£ô£սӾȻ׹йϵ˵׹һ߹ˡô˵һоˣΪʲô˻ͻȻϽǵĿһġ
һ˾ȵϢΪʲôң۾ϰԵĵȼһֻ̣һڣ־ò̫񫡣
ԣֻЦЦ¥ҡҡͷȴû˵ʲôɡ
˵һ֪ôʹת뿪ɾڳת뿪һ˲䣬ǸŮǹ˶°
һ飬뵽һЩǺõĻ䣬æתϸĴŽߵŮ飬Ȼȵ˵Ȼ㣡
ŮЦЦƿãԼϰελϣЦеų
Դһ£ûըԲۣŮļ
ϺĽͷ˲ŮˣŮ˵ļƣѲǽñǸˡ̫ˣֻһܣһĻϰ壬˭뵽ǽߵŮ顣
ôǿԺú̸̸ˡŮЦе˵
±һֵųʳ˼ʲô
һۣ˵Ҷʲô㻹겻ɢŮҪʲô
ϵת˵ԲҸûʲô̸ġ
˵껰ʾ±ˣ˿첽ſڵķƶ
ʱŮͻȻ˵磬ϲˣҺģ
ۡ
ûһѪȥģЩȻ˲ٵŮˣǰλû˵ûˣӡûС
Ůϴˡһε˵֮ǰڿ;֪Ů̬ȹֵֹģʱǳŮ˿񣬶
֪ŮһĳȣߵǰժԼ۾ųæʵңհĲǵô
ڼ˰죬û뵽ʶʲôգջһͷˮҡҡͷ
֪Ů̾һϰϣͬʱЩɥҲǡүүͷҶûϳ㡣ô겻ˣӲʶˣѵҰдôС
Դһ£¿ըˡ
ôֻ꣬һ׶γϮǾǳСɢڿһޱȵͷۣʱһŮӣдһЩСǼǵõġ
ڳļУǸŮֺݣͲǰװˮĴŮ
ǡգò׻ǸŮӵ֣̽Եʵ
±һ³ĸ첲ĿŮؿڣɨһۣŮӵƷϴһƣд֣ǳա
һţ찡֪ǸͬڿͲôûˡ
ϰ壬̸ȳȥˡù˵հڰ֣øһ͵񣬾뿪˵ǡ
˿ǰٸнһû뵽￴գһû뵽վȻǸϺŮݵĻϰ壡
̫ˣԼҪһ²С


500 Ȼֵ
һ𣬳Ҳɳϣƺǰϰβһ
磬ʵǹңҲǺЦҹ۲ôãȻû硣ǺϸĿһϣ֪оͶѧУµһϲЦе˵ʱЦݾͲô߰ˣһߵС
ҲǾΪΣôôչһϲ˵ֱӽôŮըˡ
һɱˡ˵
ҡҡͷһǿԶ磬ôûǰ˧ˣҲζˡ
һܾԳеͬĺʷᱻ
ȻûȳýĻô˵±ѾʼѯʹڳеĺʷˣҲʮϣ˵Ĳ˵ȫ˵ˡ
еʱȫŮϵʱܶŮӶϲģͬյ顣Ц
飿ʱһͷˮôǵóյʲô飬ǺȫŮһġ
ѽǲǰЩ鶼ˣҶҶˣϲӶԲԣ±һԵʵ
ԴˣֻǵһЦĳһ̣˰ɣҪ汻ϲϺ껹ַƴ
ǰڷѧʱå¾Ͱ˴ˣʱҾϲˡбҵԺҲûϢˡһ˵
˳ǲûǺȻûзֹԼԭôŮӵϲ
ȿȣհǻ̸̸ƽɡһæѵԲð±ͳռ˵ˣȻָʲô߰顣
յ˵ͷƺҲʶԼ˵˻۵΢΢죬ŷ·ŮĽߣӳ⼸ڸӦһŰֽǱϺ걣̫ˣû˸ҶԳձʲô뷨
һе뷨Ϻͼıɡ
磬ҲǲյϢڰսӵıүү˼ǣʱҪȥսӣͽˡֻҪרĵĶԸ˹ؾͿˡŶˣĶ㿴һ¡սֻݸ˵
һһ磬еĳͷˣôȥѱʲôа뷨Ͼ˼ҷòȳģҲһˡ
Ͻ˦Լ뷨ɲտʱ򣬱ϺһƱץֻ̫ˣҿ
ոһƵݾǿ˹һҾƵһˣÿ˹ؽѧҸҿʮź
ԣ˹زŻ᲻ϧܲҲҪǸѧҸȻʼտ˹زǿѧҵݺҪԡȻҲ㽫ѧҸڵ档
ҲףȻ˹ѾҵˣΪʲôûнأЩɻʵ˹һǮۿˣƱѾˣץ֣һ㲻߼
һ͵ų˵һӾܿ
һΣڳһյ̬ȣԵЩͷˡֻ뾡֪ڿ˹صϢڳնϲǲϲǳ;νˣϾڸںģνǸѧҸŪػĹϺŮŮ
ݳ˵˹رҪѧҽͷ˵ģȻսӵ˴׹Ľͷ˸ˡսȻ׹߹ĹȻÿ˹£Щ꿨˹غͰսӵһֱôг
˫˽µǣ̫ˣսӴҲӦ飬ʵϣ㰢սӵ˲֣ҲǸͷ˺Ϳ˹ص棬һѧ׹˵վı£ҲܽѧҴ׹˵Ūˡ
׹ϲܴĵĵ˹ϴ߿ѧңյ˶ʮСʱſ˹صĹűһѧҵӰƳվȥӲҲðѿѧҸ
׹ȻѾ֪˻Ĺڣ˲ŲǻĹƣҲ׹޲һˡ
׹͵ɹģ׹˸Ͳ֪ʵݣܲõһ׹ʲô
̾һЩε˵磬ڵľ׹Ѿ֪˿ѧҾڿ˹ͬʱҲ֪ǻĹ͸һʱ׹滹뵽ĹҪҵĻݡүү˼ǣΪڻѧҴˣ㡣
˵ͷף׹ͻĹǰн鲻õ׹˻ĹĿѧңûȣһѧҴӿ˹صĵĹ˾Ӳ׹һ취ûС
ĹҲܴĵĽȥһѹ飬ǼùģḶ́ϰ߽Ƽ
ʱֶ飬Ҳ˵׼ֻ֪ѧҪ˳˳ĴػĹ
ĴصͷԣԲ׹ռΪУһ㣬ǳ޷̵顣
үү˼ӦѾƶ˼ƻô˵עɫĻһѾõļ¶
΢΢һЦ칫һļ˳Ҫļƻ棬Ȼļȴǲܴߵġ֮󣬾͵١
ļ±֪Ȥһߵɳϣղ˵ĶԻ˵ʮ±Ҳ˳һʲôˡ˿ûбܻ±һ˵ƳյѾʮСʱذ±ˣ±Ҫˮ߽Ϣ׹ˣô±³ȻͲԶˡ
ר־ĿļʱЦеڰ±ߣ˵±磬͵ûˣʱĹľѻ֣ʲô飬Ҳ϶һ
±Ǻһ£ҡͷȻһ׹ˣԼȴԼŷϵۣ׹ͳ±еǷݼֺ룬ֻгף߹ϵ±Ͳȥᡣ
һѧҶѣʲô飬˵ó˸ˣֻ˵׹߲ȫǷͰ±ʮԼݣֻһˣֲ׹عңǸѧұǻĹˣ׹ĸ߲ðֶν˼Ҹˣſѧоʹһ˵±͸о˳衣
ڹϣ׹һָĴӵ˵ĿѧȻ±ųһ£׹ӵеЩ󲿷ֶǴӻĴƹŹġ
˵±ڰڿѧҵ˵±Լˡ׹ԻĴеоꡣ
С㣬ģȻǸԭǻĹˣҲᱻʲôǴҺϣĹ˻صĹ׹ԭӦԼȥδǵĿѧңֻҾұ÷ǳͳ񡣡±Цʮ˵
һ£û뵽±ô׹˵ĿĲһ
˵ĶԻʵϣҲ֪±Դµ̬ȣϾ±һֱߣϣΪ飬ɥʧһѡ
ͬΪı±վ˶飬ԼӦô
Щ飬ǲܱҵģϺ˵ĺܶԣڳһųģʺݲһ۹
գļ㣬ˡļ˵Ŀ˰±ϣ֮дޱȵκԺ
ֵܣȻûʧ


501 
ڳڣԺȫǳողŸǷļ
Ϻ׹ǳյĻݣ˼ȥǣסսӣϾսӱ׹йϵһó㹻ʱԸ˹أóƲҪ¶ȥ
һԴ׹Ժ󣬾һֱڼβˣָоܲáȻˣԲڿݣһҪĿģܱ׹淢ֳƾˡ
ӣû°ɣ±һ߿һ߹еʵԴ뿪˻ݣһ˿ЦݶûУ˫ڵд˷ŭ
ֻЦЦû˵
±͸Ӿɨһںŵĳһĸ̾ꡣó˭뵽СӾȻǻĹɹˣ𿴳һˣʵǣǻĹĸ߲
±Ϊ˺׼һۿʱ򣬾;СӲ򵥣û뵽ݾȻӵز
ӣһ䲻ʵģҪǾ÷˵ǲĻҲ˵±Сʵ
۾ںſʼĿ񣬲΢΢˵ͷ
±һĭЩŵʵӣڻĹҲһˣԺ½ˣصĹɡ
ᡣӦһ
Ȼð춼û±Щɻ˫ȴƼ±һ߿һ߿һ
һ£뵽ʲôɵЦһ£˵±磬İɡԺһعĻһ׹鷳һ㣬ֵܣ
±ɬЦЦҲ֪ʲô뷨ųԺϾҪ׹ġ
Ȼ±֪ôһ쵽ʱ򣬳뿪׹±Ϊ׹µĻʵۣ
̽ͣ˻صʱСԺ淢һǸû˻һ㡣
СڣʶİɡСߣһ䣬û뵽ôһ仰һ򵭶СھȻһӴ
Сȫ⴦ʱ̱״̬һ˫۾Աһ㣬ĶųҲǱĴſڡ
Сڣôˣ±һͷˮĸСڵĿ⿴ȥʲôûп
Сڳ˳ǣ˴͵شܳȥ±ԲţһԵֱӴܵ˱Ĵϡ
СǺһ㣬ڴ棬Ȼûз˿춯
⻹㣬СǰŸڴϣžͽһԾ˴ܽ˱һԵĹľԡ

ľڷһҽСһ߳һװСڣһֻӥץԼһ㡣
磬βͣСɻųţٶȿԸ˵ĴСһ͸оˣֻʱûж֣뿴һ˵ʲôĿġ
ֱǻСڱźǹͻȻ֡
һжڵʯ֮䣬±ŴԭءСڵֱּѾˢ˰±ۣСֻٶЩơ
˵ͷʾСڷſǸˣȻ͵£ǳŰ±ģһŵҲá±磬Ժһݡ
±ʱˣûи챻һ˶ţù˵ĳԺ˯
ûȰ±꣬תɨһǸˣ˵Ժ͸ڰ±ߣһӰ±磬ҲúͳиһҪð±硣
±һʱ޲һͷײˣӻǻ취ҲǣȻҶ֪˵Ĵڣǻķڰ±ء
±һƤЦĴˣĿ֮в⣺ԺɵҵĲǲˣҡߣȥˣ
һ£ڵ¶һĨε΢Ц֪СӰ±غˣǳɹˣȴҲ˼ӶСࡣ
СЦһ£ų˱
һһЦһֱԺ涢űܵĶˡ
СڵĽŲȻͣ£һ
ǵģһ춼Ժ棬ͺ췢Сɹ̫ʵСԼ״űΧķ紵ݶֻҪ̤һķΧСڶоõ
ȴҪϢϣС˲С͵ʱСһ˳Ե˵Ĳ֣һΰ±ѧˣľ׼˸͡
ʲôԱ˿ӣһߺȲһʵ
Ӱ±վǻԲش
ˣ˲ͿˣʲôطӣֻвӵˣŻʶΪ
СڳԵһţţɨһ췢顣
췢һ£Сʲô˼˵ǳյˣɵǲǻ˵ءһǵзԵףϿɾˡ
ʮ͵Сڵļ򣬱Сƽʱ࣬ҲģԴҲǰ׸ġ
췢һ飬ϵѾȫҲ֤һǰ׹ģ˺һֱڳյĻ档
һˣֻ°һ·ˡ
Լһ䣬Сڸң±ͺƴպһ£췢ҪõԣԼһӰϢϵķһ·䡣
Ȼʵϱ滹շǳصġϺ˻ûҪǵûһء
һҹ޻
ʱ˿̣׹ĹǸɳԱѾϵˡ
췢ΪŶӵͳ±ǺڵϴСڸڳߣǾԼڷ档˵СѾͷϰǹ
죬ȥķ䣬㿴һϰʲôһţͱþѻǹšһ亹СѾͷǹŮ˻ǿµĺܡ
磬ôˣ񣿡˾ѻǹһ˷ܵʵ
ڰ֣ʵǣ˵ǹô
ȻǽֵķΧǾѻһ㶼ûѧϰģǹҪΪǿ츳ҵ˵Ҳʶɻʵ
ǹǽ˫ǹΪ׼ȷȾͲ˵ˣӵı䷽ǹĴߣȫԼھԷ;Թľء
ȼ̣˵ûʲô緹󣬵ϡ
˵껰뿪ķ䣬ֻʣһһͷˮţĿͳ뿪˷䡣
緹ʱ˭ûп֣˵ղŵľٶ֪糿ÿ˵ķ䶼ȥˣҶһЩֵ⡣
緹˰ճ˼ڱĿ漯ϡ
ɻ󣬳ȴ߽糾ͣȻǺѾˡ
ӣһ˵ϣ֮ûҷڲ輸ϣӵֱӾͽ輸ˡ
磬ʲôóԵģʵһŻһֳһ˹ȥ
ֹĶʱմ߽߰ˣŸֽõĹߡ
磬ȿˡղŸ߸ЬߵǰӹһĨΣĿȴɨɨһԵ
ͷձȥ˱ĵҡ


502 ǿҪ
뿿ɳϣɻĿ⣬ڽ͵ҪþȣѾˣõİ±ݡĵȫУһʱæˡ¶еʱҲӦúúѵһˡ
ѵԲ۾ʾһǹ϶ϵľѻ֣ﻹҪʲôѵأ˵ˣ˭ѵ
췢ҲһΣǶĺڿͣʦˣƻûгء
СȻ͸˵ˣϢĴˣ˼Ҿʦ
±һνôѵˣԱҲǲˡ
һ࣬͵վǣ磡
һŪÿЦãֻðڰ֣ʾ¡
Ժ󣬳ɤӣϰԵĵȼ̣һγȴûȥ飬ֻȼš
̷˲輸ϵ̻Ҹ棬ð̲еζڿ
һСüд棬ɨһЩֻڳʱ򣬲ŻĵģΪǹϵľѻ֣ԾͲҪѧϰĶôǹ
ͷԳ˵ѡʵʵǹϹϵǿܶණȫԲȥѧϰˡһѻ֣ǲҪʲôսġ
ͷ˽г˱ĺһƬ˹ֲĴ֣˽˴֣һӵһ
ԣӴȡǹȻŽǹ档ǰصľѻǹȴûиҪЩʲô
ѻǹ׼ãΪһѻ֣ڽֵʱѾʼϰԵĹ۲ˣһѻֵĻʣҲְҵ˰ɡ
ҸʮӵʱѰλãңվ㣬׼Ժ绰һ¡˵
ԣʲô˼Ҫ֪ǹӵҪġ
ı飬ʹŲµڵʲôЦ˵ᶯֵʱ򣬲ҪԥͰҵĵˡȻڵģ
˵ͷ滹޷£ǼȻô˵ˣǾһΣһʵսϰ
ʮӺ󣬳վڴеĳطͬһʱ䣬ֻˡصֻȻһʼơ
֮еĳһ͸ѻǹ׼ؿ˳ѻǹ׼˳Դϰߣһǹͷʧ֣
һ㲻ô죬ҲԼɱԼϴ
ԥʱ򣬳Ѿһƣϵıʮࡣ
վԭأһǰһĶȴȵͣԭأƴ䣬ݾϢΧӿ
žѻǹӲͷƤһҧ׼˳Դҧ͵һ¿۶˰
ǹڴ𣬺췢СڵһֱվڳĲԶ˵ĶѾܹ󵽣һǹͷĻˡ
ȻһĻˣ
ǹһ˲䣬˲ƶһԭ뿪һһơһǹ죬Ƕ׼˳Դһԭ˲һӵķΧ
췢Բ۾Ŀɿڴ
ʱ䣬֮ҲԸ˲ɴûʧֹһǹͷơ
ǳ׵߸˺췢ۡ˵ǰ췢ֻǾóֱȽϺðˣ죬췢ʶƽʱЦжº͵ϴ󣬵ǶôֲĴڡ
ӵ˵ʮּ򵥣ҪĶ̫ˡ췢ݴˣȻƲλãԼӵʱ䡣һ룬ֻһ롣
۶һ˲䣬ûһ룬ȻԤȾ֪ǹʱ䣬ֱԭһšӣվһط
һλɺϣȻѾɹ㿪ӵһƤ˶ûܵ
˹ֲĲ٣ǣĵηǳӣһͻˤڵأΪľ赲ܶʱǸû취ܵġ
ÿһΣһʮֵƣܿÿһӵ
ҵϵ۰ôǿСڣǻˣҲỪĹʲô̫ˡ±̾
Сڵ˵ͷ˵
±һͷˮֻ֪һ֣ȴ֪ʲô˼
СΪϢļ̳ߣȻ֪ʲôһַǳĲѾɿˣʷѧҵоӦǳس
ֲĴʼˣ˵ʼߵ츣һڻĹǳķʿ
ֻû뵽Ȼᣬõĳ뻯
磬СԶıӰʮּᶨ˵
ʱӵѾȫˣҲֵĲͣĴƶš
췢۾ŷ֣ղŻĳ˿̾ȻѾˡ־ô󣬳ƺһ˲˵ǰʧˡ
췢ŵСѯʵأ
ڡСڲ֪ʲôʱ˫ۣȫϢҲԽԽ΢˵Ļûܲ߻ôһء
СѾ˹Ϣģʽܸоõڴ棬ǾСҲ֪Ϊʲô˶Ӱ
Ŷݼף
Сһ󼤶ֱӴӹϢ״̬ȻСصؽĹϢСڵڼѾ޷Ϣ״̬ˡ
ŶݼףڻĹǰˣܻΨһĽ;ǣŶݼ˺ӵһЩ
ڻӵ췢ľʶĳųղڵķһۣһҪӲûڵϡ
ղŻĳȻѾˡ
˲ֻ࣬װӵ㿪ʼѰҳӰ
һȦԾûпӰӣüͷͻȻŲ
ʶĻѻǹֱӶ׼˳֪ʲôʱȻѾվ󣬲һЦеĿ
һӵ߳飬ĵ׵Ŀ־Ѿȫˣ˫۾˫Цȴ޸ĸ飬һţ֣һ̾ɱ
ԼҲ֪ΪʲôĸоĿ־ʹ£۶˰
ͻȻ˫ۣе˫ǹҲ֮ˣУѻǹӵǹӵֱˡ
ȣؿһʹһʯͷֱϡһģ˰ڵϣеľѻǹҲһԡ
£һǹ޷£ûʲôվǰǹѾˡ
ɫҰףؿһƬĺɫһǹװ𽺵֮ᱬɫᡣ
ղųǳĵˣǰǹӵӵѾˡ
ɫ֣ͣµĵͷųĿҲһ˿𾴡
ֻǵľøᾭܶȤˣ֮ǰҲ֣ɴ֪ȻǹǹѾʲôˣȻ׼ȷĶ㿪ӵ
䣬ӵǴľѻǹȥģϹϵĵһѻ֣ڳǰ·øֵһᡣ
ǰ棬žѻǹʵʵ


503 
磬̫ˣôҵģô㿪ӵġ췢ʵ
΢΢һЦɨһСڣȴûлش췢Ļ
㣬ڶС˵
С治ɫڳԼǹϢļ̳ߣŶݼףɿԸܵķλ
УԶСл䵶һһذס
׿Ϣᣬ֡˵
Сڳ˳ǣԭΪɱ˶ڵĻԳҲе˿ľ¡
һ䵶һذף˲սһСڵӰʮαܿ˳Ĺ
Сĺ綼Ķ֡췢һĻʱ̾
ҡҡͷѵԣϸСڶ㿪ĹǣСڵ䵶û磬ʵѾȫСڵĹΧ
췢һ£۾Ŀһ˼
ɲôСȻռ˱ˣٿУ·𷹺ɢһ㡣
ʱһһȥСѾʼ֧ˣǴ̿ͣ׷һСԳСôŬ
һ죬䵶ɫذ׺ݺݵ䣬еĺɫذ׼СڵĲϡ
СûסŲɫذСڵĲһСڡ
һ˲䣬Сھƺʲô˳Ų˿ڽ棬忪ʼԡ
һ£ȻҲû뵽СڻûпסϽȡһɫСҩ裬͵һСڵ档СڵԲ۾ȫѾûа취ˡ
εҡҡͷ˵£СʱԺͻˡһ£ڶĹϢһ²ԡ
±ƹǿϽȥС̧˱
췢ƨƨߵĴյǰʵ磬ء
ɱСڣ췢ֱóһҲͳһ£ӿܴӳѧʲô
һЦרݼͺڿͣҲǺóҿԴĺϵͳ֣ᱻ֮֡ǰСѾˡҪôǾķˡ㣬Сѧϰ͹ˡ
췢˵ͷɻǾЩģÿ˶ֻ޸֮
췢Եˣ̫ЩǳʱҲܲЭЭһԱġ˵
췢룬һǲԼ̫ûˡ
˵ҲǿЦ췢Сˣÿ˶Ƕĸ֣ڳǰȻƵĺ޻֮һ޵еСڣɱˡ
˻صڣľ͵˱ſڣһڴųȻûпڣɳ֪˼
ͣ½Ų˵ĸȫУȻڲҲٮٮߣϾǷˡ
㲻ʺϰ䣬֮ǰʾԼ취ͷı·ӵ¡˵ʵϣȷʵа취һЩǵ⣬£ԳҲԸ鷳
ǣ磡Ļش
СʱСѾԿʼˣôһڣСڼʱ˶ı˺ܶ࣬Ŀⲻôˡ
ڣɳϣ輸ϵѾȫȼˣֻһ̻Ұˡ
ʱʱ̶ôģȴ֪ʲô
һɾ·ЩĲɣĿڳϣʮã
Լľѻʮţɽ챻ôһŪѾʼԼˡ
κһ˶ҪԼȷʵǶ㣬Ǹеٮٮߡ֮ԻҵϣΪǵǱܻûȫһ죬ǻᳬԽҵģţʱ䲢˿գ˵
˫ָɣһɥ²۵磬̫ˡôණô˵Һܺ棬㾿Ǹ˭ѧģʦһɡ
˵һڴֻһЦ֮
ǰʦĺÿһͷѧЩǴõģûЩѹ׵ĶڻĹʱ򣬾Ѿһٴˡ
˵ʱҵСŴˣһɫװĳմӵ߳ĿȻȻ˳ϣ磬Ĺ̴ɡ
ͷḶ́ȫǳƳģΪľ⼸һõѵ
ߵߣ˳ƾ˳ԱߣԭڳԱߵĺ췢һȥ
ɨһ۳գŮ˺Ưഺȫͬյ϶˼Ůζһݵĺƣ˿ֻʮֿɰഺ⣬ŮˣŻᴺĵ
һѽ±ӳһƨɾ˳Աߣʮǵס˳ĸ첲
һ̣ˣСѾͷģ
һֱóɸ翴³֪ģǺ췢ҲʮԵ߹ȥʱ򣬺췢һͬų
ȻӲųֱۣʮǵ˵磬˼ҶӶˣϳʲô
ûһѪһǿָֻ߳ŵŻôһʮֲˬյУŻڿôһġ
ݵһ͵Цĺ췢ʾ췢Ͽ콫ŪߣɲŮ˸ըˡ
췢ɫҡҡͷСںͰ±һϷƱ
Ѿģⶼʲô£ϴˣ
磬ǳȥԣ¿һҲζղʾסһֻ첲
ʱ˿̣һִһһոӹ֣ؿڵݺݵĲųֱۡ
һˣ˲ʹӦеķӦŻû֮ǰ˦˦첲ѵŮˣ˵ҪȥҿҲƵ뿪˱ĿСڹ˹ǣ̲סҪЦˣͱ˵췢Ͱ±ˡ
ȿȣģȥϴҪҪæ췢Ҳ뿪ֳ
±˳Сڸɴֱ¥˯
֪ڿ棬ľګȫ֪ԼӦʲô
ƣ㲻ҪŰ±ôŤͷʵ
͵صͷһϲ˵ԶԶԣҵȥŰ±硣˵գظĳ˳
ڣŮе㽣ŵζ
һ˵Ҹ㣬⣬Ѿϲˡ
ֲ㣬ʲôġЦ˵
ûнңվڵҵſڣһ߳һߺͺ췢ġװޣŪȫǷ۳ȥҲȥ
ͺ췢Ļ췢һ£ƺ뵽ʲôЦЦų
˲䶼̸ˣСѾͷ˵ʲôأϲˣʶŮˡ
췢ֵܣ㲻ܹŮˣҪˡһε˵Դ˵ʱĺСѾͷǳûˡ
췢ʳҪһ̣ȼԺѧųģʮװƵ˵Ůˣġϴҵģ˵ǰɣϴ󡣡
ֱӾͱǺһ£ź췢һţϽȥ취ͳվˮˮ
ʱ򣬿洫ߣ϶ң橲ϲˡû±Ŵ֣Ȼ橻ʱ򣬶㡣
ϣǺú°Цеߵ
ſڵĳһͷײ鶼ˣΪնѣ˭뵽СѾͷȻѽ橸ˡⶼĸİֻȳһŮӣǳðˡ
ݺݵĲͷУֻˣ֪һỹ˵ʲôĻ
̧̨ףʹˣһҲ࣬ڹѾкܶŮˣҲں


504 ¼
ڵҵſڣ㶼ûĳ
Ҳǹݵˣʲô˵һˣŮ˴һ𣬳ѾŪ޷ᷢʲôˡ֮һȥֹˣɨһۺ췢췢ӲͷƤֻøڳһǰһȥ˿
֮Уף̨ǻһĨЦݡ
췢ܹȥ˵¿һòá
ǿڶų˵ڼƻ飬뻹ЩطҪ̸̸
Ѻ췢ߵģôһ˵ֻϴҪҪŮ̸̸ջһʵĸź췢뿪˿
ֻʣ³ͳˣһǲŮ˼˵ȥˣһ棬ȷʵ뵽һЩ飬Ҫͳȷһ¡
ﲻ˵ĵطǳȥ̸Ȼ˵ѾԼһ͵ųյͷˡ
΢΢һЦһƣ˳ѯʳȥû뵽Ȼ˵ҪȥǼҿȵꡣóɵ뵽˵һμʮָ֣ա
ƺǹģǼҪȥǼҿȵ꣬һŮ˼ƽЩʲôˣοΪ۵Ů
ڣ𿧷ȱһڣſʵүү˼ǣưսӵˣѿ˹سװ⵹ôǶԸսû㹻İգҲ뿴ܵеľ档
Ŵķ羰Ҳ֪Щʲôӹһ˿ϣ˵껰պһŻعתͷų˵磬һͲõˣĺ󱳣ĵĽǡ
ĿᶨȻ鲻ܽģϣһֻԼˣ޷ôҪ齻ˣص顣
ãһΡүүʲôʱܵſȱͷ˵ԼҲ֪Ϊʲôһ̲ȥյ۾Ϊٿ˵Ǿ仰ó˵ִ
һ׹ȫΪ񣬼ʹһƯŮˣҲãɳշʲô顣
ǣͲһ·ˣһ㣬ʮġ
һ£ƺ˳ĹŹ֣İ˼˼֡
ӳеʱʼվͿʼϲˣȻǸʱѧϰɼǺ㣬ƽʱԳҲûʲôرı֣ԴӳǴ֮󣬳վ̲סĿų
ųЩкǼ粢һƬʱպ޲ԼǸкӣͿԺ޹˼ɵĺͳΪˡ
ٺվȫû˳ϢôȥˣÿһοЩĵˣ뵽뵽Ǹƻʱ֣ϦкǺΰȴıӰ
үүˣͻȫЩ˻ʱסڻ档Ǻܷ㡣۾ǿջЦ˵
Ҳʮֵһľګˣڿô˵Ϊľóӵó˼
ǣûʲôʾ̸ֻ飬ʹųжûŮ֮顣
뵽ԿеʧУ̾˿ų֪΢΢죺Ϊʲôϲҡ
һ£еĿȱû뵽Ů˻ôֱӣֱȻԽܣֲôᡣ׹̫ˣҲѧ׹˵ֱӰɣ˻ŮӸеĺ
գһŮˣҲǺӡȻǴһˣһӦǰӣˡֱ˵˵Ҳ֪ǲǱյȾˡ
Ůܶ࣬һֱߴȱŮɰֶǹŹֵĺܣеңԶɾǰղܡеˣߣжٵͶô㣬ǲ
һǳŮˣ˵ǳջ󣬿ŮѿԣһΪˣܲ˳յԸġŮˣ̫ǿĻܵõľֻ˵𾴣۰ˡ
ˣҪңǵ͵ΪֹˡҪлл㡣ճһظЦЦһֱеִ񱻳ֱ˵ľܾˣʧ䣬һŮǿ˵ǿŲûп޳
ɳľܾڳ˵γһֽѣҪͳŮദƲ죬վ͵ԼԼƷˡ
󣬳ٴеĹǺɻʵ̸飬ɫ
ȥ򿪳ţʾϳҲǺԶպ˳·ˡ
Цҡҡͷݵ΢вţռסеıʹ֪뿪ԺټҲˡ
ˣȻһֱңͲҪôصصİοңΪԼ㿪ľͺáЦе˵˵껰תߣ޳ȣ߸Ьڵϵ
ųȥıӰȻʧΪԳʲô뷨Ǵ˵Ӹʹûʲô뷨һôƯŮ˹ϣлЩˬġ
εĳ˳ǣԳЦЦص˱
װ޻ڼҲûʲôȥ๤յ²ʲô
磬֮ǰ飬ˡڿȲ裬췢һһ˵
һ£֮ǰú췢ȥ˹ء
췢¥췢ĵѾ˺ܶƵļһʱ췢ָŵĻ͵磬ЩѾˣûʲôҪݡ
ͷȴûժ¶Ǽһȥ
ţЦˣһЦʮֵ⡣ЩΪΪ͵ʲôϰѾˣһεõ˻ر
˶Ĳڣʾ췢ϸ췢չ۾ţԾûʲôõĶݾǿ˹ضһ
磬ûʲôⰡˣ췢һͷˮʵ
һۣӦúúõĽһСӣôֵ췢Ȼ
ƵǼ¼ġʵ
ĵӣʱ䲻дģСڿ˹صĹű氲װ˺ܶʵʱģӳٲᳬӡ췢ɨһƵϸϢش
˵ͷʵ㻹ûʲôԾô
췢һ£ͻȻǷһ㣬æ㿪ļƵˣͳ˹ӵʱ򵽲òͣ¼˿˹غ˵ĵӿ˹ؾȻᶩ
˹صĹűλڽͲ͵ȥοĲͲôʹ˹ϲĳҵʹǼҵܺã˹شòһֱ㣬һСʱˣ˵
췢ĴָֻƵݣûпǵ
һʮƵ˹ʲôʱڹűʲôطʲô飬϶Ѿһˡ
ʱһƵ˳ע⣬صط˺üΡ


505 
Ƶ˹ƺڶһ˵飬˹ѵһȻ󣬴һİ˵СӦþǸ¡
ţ˹˼໰Ųԣǿ˹صǸ뿪ˡλʾ˹Լ鷿档
˹ص鷿Ҳȥģ鷿滹һǳµľƹڷżƿ82ƣʱǳӿ˹Լر̡
ȻóֵǣǸ뿪Ժ󣬿˹ؾȻʼ
ǳҰڵĻܶͲΪˡȻһļž
˼ӣ˹ٴο˵˼
Ȼ󣬾ȫûκˣֱʮԺ˹뿪鷿
ʲô˹Ѳ˸ˣԼٸԼ˵ô˲ų뷨˹Ǹ˾ʮǿ˸ʲôĻûܣǣ滹һˣ
һ飬ڿ˹صߴһʱ䣬Ȼ֪˹ص߻һˡеʶ˺ܾܿǿ˹صƣҲǿ˹Щԭ֮һ
֮ǰɵǳҰʱЩɻˣǳҰֲȫС˹鲻ܽģǳҰͲϸ˹ص
˹ذ˹أ벻ұۣ߻һЦ˵ˣڿ˹һǳҪŶԣȻʱ˹ԸΪҲԸ˱¶ʵ벻ʲôˡ
췢׼һ£Ǹ˹һݴ񣡡תͷź췢˵
ҹ׹ֵеĵƹԵЩİͬڻĹС·Եرİ
һܳХܳβĺһžĽУԵø
ɭʻܳʻһĻĽʱʱһЩĶɭ˫ۼˡ
ʵ̫ˡɭ۾Цʮ¼
һɧģȾźɫָ׵֣İס˽ɭʵ֡
ܳŹűķ򣬷ɿʻţͻȻɭһ¡ͨű·ֻôһʱǰ·ϾȻһɣ·Եס˽ɭȥ·
ǵùޡɭһڣ漴٣ȫͣ
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㲻Ҫ£ûˡɭתܳķЦе˵Ȼɭһתûιȥ
ܳڣﱻ췢ͣʻλϣޱŽɭĹǣɭһ㶼ûм̳п˹صĽթô򵥵İ취Ͱѽɭƭˡ˿˹أֱӳȥҲ³İɡ
̣ô㣡ɭˣɭѾ֪˳ݣʱ˿̼ýֺͷ붼ᷢʲô
ɭˣţ㣬ŹңֻҪŹңҪʲôҶ㡣ҪǮҪǮĻǮҶ㡣
ҡҡͷɭʱѾ˵һľ룬һڱһֿڣתŹűķȥһܻһߴ󺰡Ȼǽɭ˺űҲġ
еܳ棬Ȥſ񱼵Ľɭȴû׷ϡ췢ſ˽в͸Ͻ
ڶ࿴һۣһƿܳţ෴ķȥ֪ôһͽɭġ
ɭܳûԶͣ˽ŲСڵ䵶ڽɭĲ棬ֻҪɭҶһ»ٴ󳳴ȥСڲֱȥϵۡ
ɭӦңڻеôʱˡܳһһߵɭǰ˽ɭǸʱֻΪýɭӽ˹ذˡ
˹ǸصұۣȻҷˣǣΪ˹صĶӣɭôЩɭӦ֪ġ
鿨˹ص·ܲǸ˵ݣǻֱҵɭʸʹء
ߡС³һ֣䵶ŽɭĲӣɭҲ֪Լ뿪Ҳ·һˣҪǲԹһǶῴ
СڽɭԶĳͺ췢Ҳϵ
췢𿪳СǸŽɭڸʻλϣʶɨһ۹űķ򡣾һۣ͵زһ£񿴵һʮϤӰɾ벻Ӱ
ű㣬һվڴǰȻ˵ģԲǿ˹ءܹоõǸһֱǵλãֻǣôԶľ룬ǸҲʲôɡ
ɭǳҰ⣬һ˭ͻȻʵ
ɭһ£͸ĺӾע⵽ɭɫʮѿȸղűСЮֵʱ򣬻Ҫѿ
磬㣬˵ʲôءһ˲ôɵǳҰЩԼˡ
ٷϻСڳе䵶ֱӼ˽ɭĲ档
˵һЦɱôСھһ˿ɷǡɭǰ䵶ʱ򣬲洫ĺ⣬ɭţֻҪһ㷴˼ɱһȥϵ۵ġ
úúã˵ȫ˵磬˵Ժܷôɭľսʵ
Ҳϲκ˺̸۾ЦеŽɭȻȴǸĲм
գɭǽһе鶼˵˳
һֱ˶Ϊ˹صֻһǳҰȻȴû֪˹ص߻һˡݽɭ˵˵ʹʮңʮǰѾ濨˹ˣ˵˹ضо֮ģ˶Կ˹Ҳҡ
ݽɭṩϢ˽⵽˵صԽرõһˣͬʱҲǲģǳҰǲļ
˽ʲôɭҲ֪ɭһ֪ϢҲôˡ
֮˵ͷЦ˵㻰ҵǿԷ㣬Ҫ˹ش𲻴Ӧˡ
˹أɭĿãųƺûӦô¡
ȥɣСĿ͵ش򿪳ţһŽɭ˳ȥų⴫ɭĲҽʻٶһٶʮɭϾĲˡ
ûһۣӦ˹أһɱɭ˹صŮɭƽû˵飬ǽҲΪˡ
磬ȥСڲ䵶˵
С˵Լ࣬Сڵ˼һһգǶԿ˹ߵ˲ȤȥǸˡ
ʵСڵ֣ǸҲǺм֮СǴ̿ͣű֮ɹɵ˿˹ߵ֮޷ںڰˣһ̿˵ֱ飬οǸҲԲʲô׸
żһš˵˵껰۾ʼϰԵıĿ
˻صʱѾ賿һˣһţͿ±ɫʮѿڿɳϣƺֵúܲ졣
û⣬ֻ˷ìܣͰ±Ҳһ첻춼еûš
ֱ¥Ϣʱ±ס˳֧֧Ҳû˵һ仰


506 ǹƥ
һƿ±һŭɫ˵磬ɩӱ˹ץˡ
һ£ŷӦ˵ɩӣӦָ橡ôأ橲Ǹһô˹õϽ˴ߣֱǲ˼顣
±һʮֱӵĽ͵˹ԽԽҪˣȻ˴õļ棬ץס˽橣һвá
ʲô˼¿˹ֱ˴ǹеǿдȥģ橱ץסһ֮е˼õı£ȫԶ½橲ܡ±˼Ϊȷ橵İȫŻ˹Эġ
˹زΪһŮ˴󶯸ɸ꣬¿˹Ŀðɣóû뵽ǣþȻĻΪ˽橶ԹԾͷ
ڵءչһ壬ɳϣüͷȼһ̡ǳһĲϰߣÿʱֻг̲ѹסĵ궯
һҪɱ˿˹أȻһŮ֣вһ޹ϵãһ㣬óʶڿ˹˵ڲֶǲڵģߣɴġ
橺öڿ˹صʱûʲôΣգ˹طƵƵ濴˵Ĵǲ±˵
һ橱ӿ˹ȳģ䵽˿˹صûøȥ»ᷢʲô飬ɵӶס
һ̣żʵ
±˳Ĭ֮УһֵҲǱտڲԡʮֵķ꣬ŭ
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һ˹أȻְ취Ը
ȳģȻѾȳһˣڶΡô˵ױǺͳ޹ϵˣȴΪ˱˿˹ص
϶ɱ֣ԹԾͷκҲ뽫ߣǶ飬Ҳ
ȥ̶̻Ҹ棬ݺݵ𣬹̵ͷڳָ䣬΢΢ĴʹС
Ҫ侲ҪѣҪһǵͷԡ
Ѿܾûбôвˣ֮ǰ˵ģκв˸̸˹һΣǳ˳
췢˶ʱˣÿ˶øȰ˵ȻҲʮɵӣκ˶֪˹صĿġǺ磬Ҳûɲȥ
췢һ£ʵǣʲôʱ䡣
Сʱش
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磬̫졣Сڱĳĸ֣˼ǣûκ׼͹ȥһ˿˹صȦףǾͲˡ
ҲףڵȥˣɭѾǸɵˣ˽Ͽ˹ؾͻֽᷢɭ飬ʱ˹ֻӵɥĲˡ
ܵȣ뿴橺óκ顣
׼һ£һԼһ˽űСڣҽȥԺ취űſڵЩˣȵСڷźţֱɱȥȻ˹ҪҲ졣۾һŨҵɱ⡣
˶û˵Ϊڳ˵Ȱ˵ûõģҪģǸɱȥֱͿ˹졣
ȵ˸ȥ׼ʱ򣬳ʱմһ绰Ͼ׹Щ黹ҪհæġȻ˹صĹűǹһ죬ѱʲôҡ
һҪȣһмֵˣ£ܶζûгɹһξͿˡ飬㲻Ҫģݻõġֻǣޡԥ
Цһ£û˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰óջǺܽⱻܾ飬ʱǲҪȥǳΪá
ţ˷ϢӺ˾ʹϢ
ֻڴվڱشǰڵҹĻºڷɱҹľɫǷǳּ˵顣
磬׼ˣԳˡ췢
תһ췢űʼǱȫװԱߵİ±ѾѻǹһСӣӦľѻǹӵСڣӣһ£Դһñֻ¶ͺ۾Ӱ±Ҳ쳣ľ
һ̣ͻȻһĪԺУʲôʱѾµŶӣԲȹڵЩСǲ
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һ£˸̽ߣܿ͵˹űһ˿ųŹűķǰǲгŹűķͦ
ںڰ֮У췢ܶõԣĻĹâᱩ¶˵λãһ̺췢Ϊġ
Ϊһѻ֣Ҫһ·õɴԸµıɣԱ֤ѻڵһʱ䵽űΧѡþѻλá
֮⣬СڵٶģС׼һг뿪̽ԺСھһ˹űĸ
Աİţ˵ʮˣһűͿ˹
Сڵڶɵűſڵ췢ܹ˳Ľű֮Сɣһ㣬˲Ǳűǵһ׶εʤ
Լеʮȫǲһ͵ȺڹűΧ˶˹űԺʮŮŻűűѲߵȫס
ڵҹɫУҡڵ߽˹űȽ˿ûлңſ˹صĹű˹ȥ
ű֮Сڴҹɫ䵶һһ˦˳ȥ׼ȷޱȵĸɵſڵСջ䵶⻹ԶԶٽý̶ǽϣԶԶȥͲᷢѾɵˡ
СѸٽ˹űԺӣӭѲ߶ӣһһ顣
СһԱߣй۲˵Ķ򡣴ʱСڵĶ洫췢췢Ѿ˹űΧѯСڵ
Сѹ˵ˣ˲ɵû취ᱻ֡
Ѿˣҡ洫ͬʱӵŵĴ졣
Сһ˵һʼ͵һ´˳ȥ˫ֱӸ˵ĺһԾ˵˵˵ͬʱһ˫ֿס˵Ĳӣ͵һѸٽս
ͬһʱ䣬Сڵߴ죬˺߶ûһֱӵ˵ϡ˵ϻھȵı棬űһѪȻľѻǹġ
Ѳ߶ӰСʱһΣٶȿ죡Сæ˵һ䣬ٶȽ˵ʬ壬һԵ档
űΧһ¾ѻǹЦȻС˵ƢҹάֻһһĺãСںǺֱ̫ˡ
췢Ҳͷ֮ǰҲ˼ѵû뵽һôСһĴ̿ͣڽս漸ɱҲòСĴָȻ˵ʱС̿;û취˲ˡ
̿׷ľһУȻ˾СˡպÿԶΪСڽʣµĵˣ˺һ˲СӣֱǺѹ
ں췢ôڻûе췢õʱ
ѾЩȲˣϧ绹ûиָ췢ƵŰ뿪ŵıʼǱĵһֱ״ֻ̬Ҫźţ췢ֻҪһ˹صĹűͻ᳹ס
·ϣ췢ֻʮӣͽ˹صĹűеĵ豸¡ô˵췢ȻڹűţűѾ˺췢۾Ͷ䣬ֻҪе豸췢һĴڡ


507 
˳˿˹صĹűڣڳӣСڵ˾ѾͰˣһж˹غ·֡
˳ŵݣһֱ˿˹ڵ㣬ڿ˹صĹűһʱ䣬Զڿ˹űķΧͲһ˽ġ
һΣ˹Ǹ˱˳Ļһ𽫿ѧҴӵȳҲʲôѵ顣
Ϊ˲ÿ˹ز쳣ͶԱϵĶûд
ÿ˶ÿ˵Ŀ꣬Ŀű࣬˹ءǸˣһȥҲҪɵ˹ߵǸˣΪһ˹ˣֻҪǸ˻ڣ˿ŴӸǣǾһ˿̩ɽ״̬ӺǣǸ˺Ϳ˹صʲôϵΪʲô˵Ĺϵô
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㻹ˣ㻹ˡ˹ЦеŶ֮ǵ⣬޲öˡ
һ£֮ǰÿ˹һǸˣȫǴˡ˵ûд˹нȫǸ˵ĹϵͿ˹˸ûʲôϵˡ
óӺ棬еȲҪǸ˵ĿˣһȫԲ˿ŵˣΪʲôһҪ˹ء
أ֮ǰ˹صΪҲǴǸѧİɡ
ɫüͷߵ˹صǰȻȻȻɳϣһпô⣬޵⣬˾Ƕûĺѣǳĺг
ߣɱǳҰô˿ŻСô˹ʮֵ˵һֱߵĺƣһеƷ
߽űĺƣ͸¶ͨ͸ĺɫâڵƹӳ֮£һö貶Ŀĺ챦ʯȻ˼ȴûзһֵǵĺ档
˹أѾˣԼԷˡ̲˵
˹صķ¸߽űģͷʮ㡣
ʱһα򿪣˽һǽ橣һһװˣǳһμñˣǰֻɱֵŮ֪
ʮֵݣֱһ㼡ⶼûУ֪˾ǶɱãóãǸ޸֮ͨ˰ˡ
һĿ˳ϣ˲ۿ죬͵һ˵˳ĻУˮ̵ˮһѻ棬ųƤ
һưͣ޷ԼУǳѾˣеľºοǰΪ˹أΪ
ĽСڳĻУϸ޹ǵļ򲻶ϵĲţĿ۵ڡ
Ľ橵ļ򣬽СѾͷɳϣʾ԰˳ƽһԼǿ궯ġʱ˿̣޲ֱɱ˿˹أ˵սΪʲôҪ޹ϵŮҲ
ݣɳ棬Եʮֻ˫ֺɫ۾һֱų޾ĿǵģǿҰ޿ʳǲ
ȻˣҵȻͬ˵ģһһ˹ҡźƱƤЦⲻЦ˵
һ£һ̣ĺ޲ֱһȭڿ˹صϣ֪˹ؿ϶ô˵ôģֻû뵽һﾹȻ˲Ҫ
ȻΪŮ˶ңһŮֻܸһˣһ¡˭߳ȥˣͽŮ˴ߡ˹ؼ˵
òûʲôʾȤӣȴǺݵ˿˹һۣСӹȻǹҪɣҲ㹻޳ܡ
֣˹֪ģֱǳҰҲʲôöԸˡƿ˹᲻Ǹ˳棬ɴáǶɱ֣ÿһγֶΪҪһǿƳġ
øͲɱ˳˽ֵĻõһһʽҪĽ࣬˵ãηηβ
ճǽˣΪûʲôѡˡҪʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ΪԼȡűʱ䡣Ǿ仰ûЯκϵ췢豸ԸͲ֪ں췢ǽеʲô̶ȡ
ãͬ⡣˵˵ŻȻߵ˴Եװ̾һ
ĿⶨڹűԺ棬ʱͷһϲӦôڵѲ߶ѾˣԺЩҲټˡ
̫ˣСںǶ˲ţŶõʱ䣬Ѿ񡣳һյΨһĺϢˡҪת뿪ͻȻűԶһ˸˼¡
һ£۾ŷ֣ǸӦǺ췢ĵĻˣһЩɫȻ֮ǰûйԼӦǺ췢͸ؿ˳жԲŻᷢźš
׼ˣһжѾ׼ˡҧҧüϲסתߵõǰ
˹̨վڽ橵һҪʲô飬橵Դͻ˲俪
ˡ˵ʾԼѾ׼ˡ
վӸµųֺɫ۾Ȼһ˲ѪһͷҰޡ
͵شܵǰ־һӣʱŷ֣õоȻһѺ̵ܶذףһһֹɫ
ж
һӣ׻ɱֵģʱȻôذףһ־Ϊɱô
͵һתֽԼذȫ˳ɫذ׵סõĽһѺɫذǳô˹ȥ
Ȼĸߴ󣬿ǶȴʮأһԾֱӴӳԴϷ˹ȥû磬һ죬ɫذһεסǰɫذס
ʱֿŴȻղֻǹ˼У˫ذ׶Ǵ˶ҲЩȲסˡԵһɱãǳҲЩ
ⲻ֪ô˿̵Ǳģ˵ʲôͲֻ֪֪ɵ˳Ϳ԰ѿ˹أҲԴԼͽܡԣÿĵһۿʼѾΪԼĿ꣬ɱˡ
Ƕɱ֣һ־һû뵽ôѶԸľһ˲óȥˣû뵽ȻûûǺˣõĽڱġ
㣬ܺáúһȻʮֵĲˬǶڳȤȴǸӵŨˣΪߣú֡ƽʱҲĵĴʱˡ
һͷǣʱˣʱʳҲȤþȦĶǣò˳Լͬ࣬ȻǷǳĵġ
Ҳ˵һյǰٴվһһγˣ÷㶵ʱ򣬳Ǻɵǣ
һıܿذףͬʱ˾һֵĿų˸ղź˵飬һ˲׼ݣ˿û顣
һΪ˲ÿ˹طҲõ֣ڱ˵
ػش˺üΣǲֲ٣Ѿ˺ɵ˹غˣȻͲᶯģúͳеذ׿ɶǾ綾ġ


508 ƽ
ʹһᣬ˿ƳŶԷ˹ȥһʱͬʱһ˦֣һѺɫذһɫذף׼ȷĲ˽ڵĲϡ
ҲܲЦе˵
ʱ򣬿˹زʶתҪܣһһŽ˹ֱߵĹ˵ϡͬһʱ䣬þһ㣬վڿ˹صߡ
ò֪ʲôʱȡذףųǰѣɫذ׼ڿ˹صĲ棬ɫذǻ˳
඾ܲ򵥡ʶɨһǰѺɫذףΪһɱ֣Զҩ֮Ϊˣһ۾ͿذжôײУֻҪһӣ˻˲䱻ԣһֱҩʱֻڰڡ
ҩôĿͻǸһԼ
Ҳ򵥣ѪⶫڹѾˡЦе˵
ѪǻĹһеĶҩԭһľ֭Һ綾ޱȡ
˹رŲӣôһ˵˵嶼ӲˣһҲҶǰѾ綾ذ׾ͼĲ棬һŪʲô˿ڣ˹زҲˡ
û뵽ǾȻôɡ˹ط߷ߵ˵
Цһ£ɫذ׼ڿ˹صĲ棬һתһȦſ˹صˣʱһˬã˭˹Լģذףߵ橵ߣƺڰοѾŻ˵Сͽܡ
˵Ӧôء۾ϲ̲ʵͽ˹ʬˣȻܹôڵȣǸ
˵Ǹǿ˹ص߹ôӶҪˣʱ򲻳ɾ˵ȥˡ
˹صԲ۾һŭȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ʱ򣬳Ҫ٩һϲģͻȻõŭһãһס˹صĲӣ˹˴ӵͬʱתȥ
þ˫֣һֺɫӲûڵϡһȫź·վõߣжһС棬׼õ
ŭһ橻ع񣬸Ͻܵ˳
һҺý橷Ӧ죬һʻöԸҲһ棬ľͲ֪ˡ
˿˵ǳɳơ
˵Ĳһܴİ̺ۣܵˣƵŻû˵ƽʱӦûǲ˵ġ
һôȻЩò⣬ǷƵ̸Ц
õԲ۾ݺݵĿų˵ǹûָСӣȻˡ
εһĿɨһãɫһ˿ϷŰţͬ˿˹أ֣ذ׶׼˿˹صĺ󱳣˵ĳǹҲ׼á
úͿ˹ŶԷķ߹ȥ˵ľԽԽɳƵһ𣺡Ҷ
ʼ磬ʾûԿ˹ô˹ֲĵˡ
˵ľԽԽۿžҪʱ򣬳ͻȻ˦ذףͬʱ󺰵ڣ
Բүŭһ͵ضӣʱһǹӵͷƤɹȥ÷ģһαŪôǱ
Ȼǹһ˲ֹͣˣƺһ泯쵹˵ϡɫذüģһһγʲô⣬ȫ
£ûûˡŽ橣ο͸ղǸɱһˣֱˡ
ƨúĴգͬʱϵĳǹſھһɨ䡣ʱƬӭᣬӵͽ橵ǰӣʱԼ˶ܲˡ
ƬҲõϣСϱ˼ӣȴǲΪȻһѳǹֱӳ˳ȥ
ЦãҲֵУɴ͸õ󣬴ҡڵ˳ȥ
ű⣬ǹӶ͸ѻǹ׼˹űڲöһѳǹʱûѾѻǹڵϣģҶˣС棬һʲô
췢һεŵĻļػѾʧһ룬Ѿĸˡ
ӿ·ȷʵ˲٣ֻҪӦżĵùͿˡһֱڳı£д˾֣һ˫ںڵĴ۾ˮģҪ޳ˡ
СģͻȻ
һ¥ݿڣͻȻ߰˸ˣȫǹʱͽߵ¥ݿڣûҪԸĵˣû취֧Ԯˡ
һڣƵһȥСѾͷᱻ˵ԭһЩ˻ûӦʱֱӳȺ棬ûа취óȻǹ
һһֱӷŵ˶Էĸˡʱʣµ˻ҲͻعˣۿųҪս֮УʱһĨɫӰͻȻ֡
橵ϻۣһѪɫıӣ˳Ⱥ֮ǰѾˡһӳ⼸˵ϣͬʱѪɫıӾһһ㣬ס˵ĲӣĽСɴཫ˵壬˳˵һԾâʣµ˺öСɵذףֻ˵Сĸָô
˶ԭأ⣬⻹ʶǸô
תͷ˫ۿնųһͷƺڿʲô⡣
չѾĵˣת˵
䣬һ˲ûڵϣۼֿһѷסСѾͷеСѾͷһ֣¶˵ʱСѾͷȻǺһ㣬ֱӹ˳ϡ
գֻŽ橺뿪˹ű
Ժ棬ٽеͶıȫڵϣʮڿЩˣСڴӺڰһַǳӵų
Ͻ橸ŪȰѽͻس˵
˳뿪˹ű˹صĹűϹǸɳԱѾˣʣµЩڼȥ˺ܶණͶ뿪ˡõ˿ܲˡ
ȴûȥ潫ѧҸڿѧҵ˳ϣҲûǸֵɽ󣬻ÿѧʱڵ档ڵˣ췢ѾŵĿϵͳѾ˸ˡ
ˡ˹棬ȫ´СС˿ڣ֪ڳԺΨһӴİ˹ܵʲôĴ
Ҳˡ˵
ûноȻΪ˹ֵܼһѾ漣ˣǻ٢ҲûȰ˹ˡ
˹Цһ£˵ı齥̣ͫ׷Ŵ󣬻ûֹܼȥ
찡СӾȻôˣӣô죿ǲܴһ˽ɣ±һı硣
գ½˹ط·ߡЩ飬ջҪյģֵܹǣ˹ˣĳֽǶ˵ڳҲһ£˾û֪ˣɳϣҲνĺ·
ص֮󣬳ֱӸմһ绰űͳ˵һ¡
˭֪յһæ˵ҺǲûսȻ˶ˣ


509 
һ£û׳ʲô˼һͣˣϵжôգǴٶȹ죬ô·Ͼͻһӵ
ԭ˹ؽɢڸصԱȫǲ˻ҲǸյõϢЩʮǰ˷ɻһһĳſ˹صĹűϹȥ
һͬʱ־ЩЦٶ˻ȥѾˣ˹ˣҲˡȺ׵˿ŸûʲôģõЩ˻ص˿ŵĹűԺ󣬿ű飬ʲô
ÿСͷĿΪԼ濼ǣһ㣬ŵѾʮˡ
⼸죬˶Ҫ뿪һڱһЩ˱ǡɵ˿˹أ»ҪһʱѹȥЩ˵һ̣ռҪ޳ˣһǳȻˣһҲһĺ¡
˿ŵһ˲ͱɸӡóһûξڳյϣûռⷽ鱨հģԺԲڷˡ
ǻĹƣǻĹרűЭģһе׵˾⡣
׹ĿģΪ˱ơ覣ֻҪһ洦ĵõͲ˲ǳģӲ˲Ŀʲô
ҺóûнѧҸߣõϢԺ󣬳նʱһ
ҵˣһֱڱ棬ʱҲҪǺúõһ¡飬ͽ㡣˵˵껰ҲȳʲôӦֱӹҶ˵绰
һֱϲȥαˣһγոӼᶨ˳е뷨
ҵ˺췢һǧԪ˺췢ܺ췢ʲô취˶ʱ䣬췢ݾǣ׹нһǿиɻ鱨ֻҪǸйصĵطҪ췢鱨
ϡϴô췢ϵпʱ̿ˮ
齨Լ鱨찡ô龹ȻĻϡ
ʮĵͷҲܺ췢ڱı飬ֱӻط˯ȥˡ쿪ʼÿһ˶ҪһѵУϢʱѾˡ
˹صĹűڳǵԼ֮󣬿˹صĹűӭ˵һ˿ŵĳԱ
ȻЩ˽űʱ˶ˡѪѪȫʬ壬ȫ˿ŵˣ
һСͷĿ֯Լ¿ʼѲ飬˶Զԡűڣûзκε˵ʬ壬ȫ˿ŵˣ˿ŵϴĻ档
飬Ҳ飡СͷĿˣӲûڵϡ
ǰһϴ˵һֵĵˣ˶ٻһһ֣һǺЩСͷĿһ£ҪζԸˡ
û뵽ŹʮСʱ˿ŵܲͱ˸ˣһһѶˡЩʧıӶˣ˿ŵĹǸɳԱȫˣűҲһҡֵܶǮĶϴһգֱ˿ֱɻһ㡣
ϴô졣СͷĿһĸʵ
СͷĿҲһãڶ֪˭ģô죬Ψһİ취ȥˣڹű滹мصġ
ϴ󣬸ϢűļʲôûˣӲѾ˲ˣļҶ˸ϡá
СͷĿûιȥﷹͰͲ֪һô
ϴˣ
СͷĿ²ûĳȥϽ֯һ˺ƺƵĳ˳ȥΪǵˣȴ˿һ
СͷĿԼŵûֱӿ޳һСͷĿһ߿߹ű飬һ߽˸˹ű档
СʱԺ󣬱˹һЩ˻Ͼȫˣ˴Ѿűȫʰɾˣ˹غǸ˵ʬ壬Ƿ˹űһĴ档
ⶼһʱˣûһϢǸʲôԵģСͷĿ
⿨˹ˣҲǸˣǣ˿ŵ档һҹ֮˿űˣΪֹ֪⵽˭ġ
˿ŶʮСͷĿ϶Ѿˡ
Ȼһһҹʱȥˣûյ˵κϢһֱһңһ֮ˡ
ɭ˹һ죬СڴӸʻ˳ȥɭԼΪˣû뵽ֱӹ˵·Եׯڵ棬ҲǾһ
ɭ˧ȫȫˣϴССȫ˰̣ϰɫƤֱҪªжª
ɭȻɺôҲǿ˹ΨһĶӣɭ»ӵһġ
ǰ˶û뵽ɭȻš󣬽ɭԼеֱפ˹ű
״Ѿˣ֪˭ġԸ˿ţôҽɭӭ˭뿪ҽɭҲġɭڿ˹صλϣĿڲԶľƹ档
ʱǸֺеĶ棬ȫ˹صɭſÿһֱ˸˳ɭֵõ˿˹صѶ
һ̿ʼɭǱһˣ˵ı½ɭȥҽԺ˲ٵǮԼݣҽԺ졣
죬ɭڱĿжȹģԴȫǳСڣк췢Щвˡģ˿ŵܲҲɱ˿˹ء
ɭڿ˹صλϣһ˫ָſ˹صӣһһ磬ƺԼĸ׻Ȼ˹ػ˵ǸͰǸսɭǿ˹صĶӣЩɭô˹ضûнϳȥ
ɭ˲ٵ鷳˹Ҳɽɭֵġ
ɭǸʲô˿Ž㣬罻һ蹷ǿЦСͷĿʮֲм˵
ЩСͷĿУ˭֪ɭǸֺеĶ棬ƽʱûп˹صԭ˭Ὣɭ
ôɭ̧̧ƤŤ׿κθ飬һ˫ɫ۾ƽСͷĿ
СͷĿеһ񺮣ǱһͷǶһɭŭˣڴ˼
ͻȻһǹ죬ɭеǹð̣ǹǸСͷĿСͷĿԴѾ˻ѪԽΧСͷĿϡ
ɭǹϣһ߸ӣһЦ˿Ҹ״˵Ѫ⣬κ˶˿ϴǣвģ
˿űǿ˹ؼĲҵЩСͷĿֻūӶˣһɭǱһˣūԣʹЩСͷĿŭԡ
ɭֱǸСͷĿµӴ󣬽ɭһѾˣȥӹСͷĿ¡ʵϣСͷĿվɭҲļŭֻΪСͷĿܴ󣬿˹סɭԼûǸµġ
Ȼǲõˣɴ಻ɱˡ
߰ɡɭɨһʣµСͷĿ˵
˿ŵЩСͷĿǰֺ뿪ӣһ蹷һĽɭûɼˡ
ɭϤӣ׻ڵʱ˺ܶΣÿһζǲ鲻ԸģÿһζҪѵһ١һ죬˸׵λϣǣǸѵѾˡ
״ˣһɱ˳Դɭ˰̵׼Ť˽һ״̬·Ѿ˽£ݺݵĽǸɶˣǸɶħɱ顣
ңҪ㲻úɭ૵


510 ѵ
һݵƽʱ䣬ڳ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ˮ˳żĲһޱȵëֲ˲ͷϵĺˮһ
⼸죬ÿ糿ᵽɭܲһЩܵѵͬͬģĺ췢
Դ˿ŵܲԺ󣬳Ա˱棬ǲȥʱѾը죬ҪĿģ;Բʱȥۏˮ
췢ֻ΢΢죬һһյǰһ˵磬ܻһķʽô
췢Ľ£һ͵̥ÿ糿̥һ£ѵ賿ĵ㿪ʼһֱ糿ߵӣڵȹġ
췢ô꣬һֱǲݵԣûʲôѵΪլԵʣ췢һֱǺܺá
⼸췢Ծ࣬ԭͲֵøԭ԰׵ƤҲɹСɫ
췢ɴһƨ̥棬ˣѾûжˡټϣ⼸췢ڳﱸ鱨飬˶ɢˡ
һʮֱӵĿɨһۺ췢һƣ췢ѵ
Բۣ磬𣬱鰡㲻ԭ̥һϢĺ췢ôһ˵һͦ˲ʹӵˣ͵ؿ̥ǽһɰ
ɭ֮ĳһųķԴɻףϴղǲ˵˺췢͵ˣѵҶôôû췢СӵӰء
Сվߣɵù˹ǣûСڿʼȫˣ췢ղǽһɣҲΪġֻΪ췢ˣѵϴһɤӣֱһöӵ˺췢Ľűߡ
ƣ췢ѾǱӵ˰ɣͲ˵ˣֱӿ̥ˡ
⼸죬һװޣû취ֱͶʹãȻҲϣ˷⼸ʱ䣬ɴȫԱɭˡǻãСҲʮܣΪϢߣڴȻָоС˵ر
ں췢Լ±˾ͿϿ಻ˣǾ˳ֻǰճ˼ѵЩѵ˵ֱСһҲѧЩı£ϧֻѡ
췢ȻͲ˵ˣһ޸֮ĺڿͣڻµļⶼ֣øսһ±ԭһԵĶ棬Ȼһӵ룬ʵжϻǲûʲôá
԰±ҪȴǸϸ񣬲һŰ±ѵ
±п಻׳ΪãֻҧҲˡ
Ȼ±֪һȷʵǳⰲŵģҲȷʵΪ˰±áףɹһ죬һ뿪׹ġ±׹ˣܸһصĴء
һ뿪˰±ߣѱ׹治ΪѰ±ǳ뿴Ľھͽ±Լļ̳ˡһ뿪׹±ͱܳ׹һֻܳ׵׵ı֤±ȫ
ϴôģӹûԣҲҪӲ˹ؾһӣԳʱ˿ŵϴȴ޻ֱ֮Цˡ
±磬һСʱ̶ȻԶԶɨһİ±ǴСץģһһһ㶼첻á
±ϾСˣôҲֻܴѵʼ
±һ죬ÿһһʱ䶼ϣʣµһʱǱѵȻϵʱҪѧϰһЩǹеĻ֪ʶ
ӣ֪ΪҺãܲҰ˵ȫѧɡҲ˼ˡ±һߵ
һ£İ±ļЦ±磬ЩһҪѧᣬȻԺĻڵİͣ
˵껰תߣǰһΪĵĶȻȴǰ±İۣ±룬Ҫ͵ʱһкҩʡС뷨±Ҳֻһ룬ˬһµˡҪôˣʹʲôҲ˵Ҳֱʲôͷ
찡ذûпô췢Ѿ׵˫֣ٵķ̥һɱһĺ
ѻǹ׼˺췢λã͸ѻǹĿ췢һݵѵ췢ֱǱһˣһСһС
Ǻ췢ԭͺݵԵʣǱ˼Уµļ⻹ֵĸоǳԸС
͵췢Ϊ㲻㷸ߵ󣬵ʵ
һ£ѻǹûֱڳϣһֱվߵСڣһͷˮһֱڹϢ״̬ôߵ˵Ȼ޲ء
СתϸĴųŷֳ˵Ƹƽʱ̫һһȷɡƽʱڶԶľ룬СڶܸоõǴʱ˿̣վСڵǰСȴо˿ϢǣһӰһ
ЦЦ͵һУˮ£ʵҲʲôĶһ¹ϢѡСڣһ¡
СͷһϲӣǴˮˣ
׹Щ֣ÿһ˶ɵѵУǸɳԱǱڵĿҪѪˣһ츳ߵҲǽڱ״̬
Ǿѻ֣Ըӵǹֱǰٷе״̬
ʱ֣ƣصڣ⼸Ͱ±Ҳֲˣ¸һѵ±涼õĳ̶ˡ
磬Ѿ깤ˡյһ´ӵ߳һ˵
˵ͷȥ˵ңСʱ󣬳ٴλص
ˣȥһˡɨһˣ˵
СתתӣץϵİѬݵĸ˳Ū˶ʱЩЦõĸоСһƽʱķͺǿˣǳԵ죬Сһ˾ͿԳ˵Ŀˡ
ټĵңָʮС䣬ÿ涼һӣǴҵ֡
һ䣬д֣ɨһۣʾСѾͷŴ򿪡
˷ţʱſڣ˺ĴչȥһʱҲɵۡڣǽ滹ǵ棬컨棬һɫĽʸˡ
ߵ棬૿˵ѾЩᵲסӵͬʱҲᷴӵ⼸ǹϰ
磬һ˵ô죡췢˵⼸ǹĲǺ˳ķڣӵһԺܾܿͻᱻԼȥӵ
ָмһ·ͷ˵Ѿ׼ˣֻʱ䣬¡ǹͲҪѧˡ
ͷߵ˵ڶӣڶдŵСڵ֡򿪷ԺʮЩǹ̶ģӵмڷһӣһЩë
ĹϢֻܸоĶûģӵ޷ģԣŻôִʱ䣬ĹϢʱ䣬Ǻ޽չôҲؼˡ˵


511 
Сһ£ĿᶨЩëǵģǹϢȱ㣬ֻܸоĶûĶС˵൱Ǹäһ޶
Ǻ췢ģڷ̨ԣһЩд
ļӣǰ±ģ±˳Ĵţȴһ涼һЩɬѶ鼮׹鼮ǸȴǻĹ鼮¾ˡ
ӣǣ±һͷˮʵ
±磬Ը񲻹ȣ죬ܿٱͿٱЦе˵
±Լļ̳ˣô±ǸȫǲģԺһеĶ˰±±Ҳסġ
±ɥĵͷתһ룬ҲʮегһĳȣͲ䵽Ǹزˡ
磬أΪһ࣬ĿȴǴޱȵڴ
Цһ£ӾƹǿģһŸɾĴ̣һЩģмѨλ񶷷鼮⻹һʮֱ뺷ĸֻǹ
ǾˣЩİһͿˡ˵վǳˣǳյˣ黹һΧأûɵΪ˵ķϡ
˳ߵ棬ǸʮˣȻһСӿİߣ֡
ɨһʣµķ䣬ܺЩ澿ʲô䷿侹Ȼǳ֣ʣµһƬհײûʲô֡
ҵķ䣬ǲܽȻԸհ׵ķ䣬⣬ԭҲԽȥһЩѵߣõġɻ󣬱㿪ڽ͵
磬ҲˣСڿеѬ˸кһͷ˷档
췢һ£תȥ㹻ʳҲһͷ˷档һ͵İ±Ҳôġ
Իص֮Уÿӵ߳ȳ˵ֱ˾ţŴҴ뿪ˡ
һһԸǼ⼸춼ˣһֵܼһ͵ȥСڵķ䣬ͲҪˣһЩˮͿˡ
ͷ뿪˿
ټĿ棬ֻʣ˳һˣſյĲȴֻǿЦˡΪ⼸ˣΪѵĻЩһͿ˹һ³ڳԵĿĺΪԺѪ
𵶲棬׼ԼĶ˵
ʱúͽ橴Ӷ¥һԴ˵ԼˡԴӻԺúͽ橾һֱڱס⼸һֱæƶÿƻ飬Ȼ˸ˡ
䣬ҲҪһ䡣ʮֲ˵
ûһںȥˣСӾ˽橵ķϣҲüƽЩʲôǾЩŤģúĹϵǲô˵ҲǳСܣദǹֱŤġ
ãԼѡһ͹ȥġ˵˵ʱⲻȥ橣ΪģֻΪСѾͷĿʵ̫ˣҿԼԺСѾͷʲô˼
ʮͱˮʮͻȻ˵˵껰Ҳȳͬͬ⣬Ž橾ȥ˵ҡ
ĺһ磬ͼææܵˡ
ʱһԴãʮͱˮʮҪʲôҪɰѲҪô
ϴ󡭡⡭ӳ̽ͷһεų
Ǻһ£ڰ֣ʾϽ׼ø͹ȥҪѲҪϰʮµġ
ÿ˶ÿ˵İţŷҲڿǣԼҲൽ˱չصʱ䡣
뵽ص˼򵥵׼㱳һȥ˵ҡ
ߵԼһʱһ£ĸڱһõķ䣬Ǹ汻ذ׿һͷһӡ
ѡķӦþһˣǿ˽橣һСѾͷÿѵɱ˻ˡ֮ǰײеһĻһԭ
СѾͷȻ츳ȴϰ²ȥɱˡþȻ̸߽˽橣һ橱Ƶ˾ͻҴߡڽ橵װԼ߳ʲôͲö֪ˣһν橵ķӦƴ߳˼Ƕпܵ顣
ý橼ȥ˭֪СѾͷаһ㣬Ҫס
Ҫ򿪷ţʱ򣬿ڴֻ
ʾǳաԥһ£ջǽ绰ϾջһݣĹ׹ܸˣŮˣҲŮǿ˵·һȥͷˡ
磬ɭû绰һͨվʹһըԵϢ
һ£ɭû
С󣬾ȻûþôҲãڳ㽫˿ȫ뻹Ҫ˿űǸѧҡģ˿ŻڶȻɭûô˿ڵϴӦþǽɭˡ
֪ˡ˵
ɭûĳ˵һԳһ£нɭ˿žͲᱻҲķѵġһʱǸѧҲʲôΣա
˹Ȼϼ޻ǸѧҵûиɭɭҪ֪Ǹѧҵ飬»ҪһۡȽɭعһôµʱһоͶѾˡ
磬û°ɣҪĻҿ˽ɭߣЩĵʵΪ鲢࣬ǶԸһɭǷǳаյġ
Цһ£óշģ͹Ҷ˵绰
ͦ˿ڹϷѵģڿĵѾǶˡ
ٴνַŰϣ׼ȥѵ˭֪ʱСڴѵ߳Ӧ˳ղźͳ˵Ļ
磬ȥСվڳǰ˵
΢΢һЦ͵Ҫɭڻô
㲻Сüͷһɻ˵ǳɭȥģ˵СǱɵģɭ񻹻ţһҪҵĿ϶ǳ˲֪ǳɵ˿˹أɽɭȴġ
ڰ֣򷢵СڣͬʱҲСһ¡
ǰɭţô˿ŵ˾һ֪ɵ˿˹أ˿ŵܲ
˿ŵ˱µǣЩ˻вݡ
Уڵ棬ǲҡ׹ĸֻ˿űǣ˽˵Ķ䣬Щ֮Уһ׹йϵİսӡ
һ֪ǳɵ˿˹أ󵽳ʵݡңţǹҧСܼһף˿Ҳᱻ˽˶Թ
˽˶Թô
۾뵽һ취һɶ˿֣ôҲͲῴˡ
뵽ֱӽŵĽ˹е˱
ŵѾȶˣ˹ΪʮСͷĿȻ̨Ѿƿˡ
Ϊʲô¡˹ص飬ѵġ˹һѯʵдһ˿˿Ŀ־塣


512 ׷Ů
ź˿ŶϵǺܺãΪͷĿ˹˿ŵǷǳ˽ġ
ǰ˹յϢ˵˿ŵܲһҹ֮䱻ˣ˹ҲԼܲ档֪Ҫǳģô׶˶ˣһҹ֮Ϣ˿š
ڽ˹ıһŸ˵СĴˣһξҪ˿ŶѡȻͳе⼸ˣôһҹ֮˵˿ܲء
Ŷȣ˵˹ϲлֱ˵ϲĨǡô˵ɣҲҪ˿ţ׹ҲҵĿ귶Χ֮ࡣֲ㣬Ҫһ顣
ʵϣ֪˹ʲôֻȻȻĽԼĿ˵˳ȥֻڽ˹ɾǱζ
ڽ˹ʮأҲ޷Ӵ󡣳ֱӶϾҪͳһ׹飬ܷ˵
ԣѡ壬Ϊ£ȻԸɨ
˹ޱȼʮ˵ڵˣǰҲκĶ֡Щ躹ޣǻ˲ٵ
ãͻȥ׼һ£Ժϴ󡣵ǡ˹˵Щԥ
Ƥû̧һۣЦİɣҳ綼뿪ġ뿪ʱ˿Ų˿ųײڵʱ˿жС
˹ûιȥ찡֪һʲôôģɾȻû뵽Ҫ˿ȫ͡ңӳУ˹Ըоֵĵط
ʵ˹ҲѾʶˣȴô˵׹ЩڳƺͲʲô
˹һˣȻҪ⣬׼ԼצӺͶӣ;͵ڣȥʲ죬ܳþõȥ˵ֶˣȻҲ׹Ƥӵ£ôá
˹ŵ飬ǿ˹ģڿ˹صıˡǵĿʱҲ֪Ҳ֪Ǻ˿ŵʱıɱܲˣŻḡˮ档ѵ
˹ܻıһֿڣӶܲ棬˵˹Ȳ֪˭ָʹ顣
˹ĳԼ棬ǡ˹еɻһļϡ
˹ߺ󣬳̲ס˹ǣûдӸղŽ˹̬Ѿȫ˹ˡн˹ڣͲصģˡ
󣬽˹ԭܲ͸˳Ϊܻء
£ȴڵһʱ֪ˡûнϢߵĹǸǣǳľѪŪģܴź췢ȥܲĹһء
ȥһ˻ݣϺȫŵ˵¶㣬ȫĨȥŵһж¶װȫǻĹķ
찡ǿ˹ض嶯֣񻹲֪ҵĻ澹Ȼľݵ㣬ܲѾڳĵطɵø̾
ӣͻȻĪΣؿ㵹ùվĻݣݵ棬ǲտҲûпˡ
硣Ϻǰǰ˼ڴˢˢغ
һ־ȻһٶˣҸǸ֣һϺѪˡ֪ǸѧҵҪԡ
۵̫ѨЩ˵һ⼸ѵ񣬾ɢˡҺݵ㣬Ȼһٶ˶˯ڴ·ȥ
ʱ䣬ҰСӶڻݴţˡߣգԷЦе˵
ǷǰһƨƨߵĸųˣڣȴҡҡͷȻʧ˵ˡ
һ£ջĿͳ뿪ˡ
Ů˻治һļǿԳȫ޶ãĮʱֱǱһˡ
ðɣȻˣɳܹ黹ҪԱģһѵٵųء
뵽һȥԷ
ݵĸһһĹķׯҲȥҶζ
ɴͶһȥǼҷׯ˶¥İ䣬ʼá
˻Ĵζϰ׸ɣһѾþûкȵôڵζˡ
ǻˣׯľصع˳ˣǷׯ͵ġ
ͷҲǻˣ磬ñС⾭Ǹ죬仰û˵꣬Ѿͳ
һദˣԼԷҲպû˼ɴһûһĺ
ţͻȻֻˣ绰һ˴һʮּٵˣղһŮ˴ǷׯһȺ˶ǿסˡ
һæ˵һ仰ͼææܳȥˡ
һŮˣ˷ׯô׷š
ǣֻʮȤѲǸŮǷ˸׹ҲİϷô
ֲȤ鷳飬ȥءڰóԳԸúȺȣ¥ʱʱǷׯıŶԷý
ǻҲ޴ĺܣ˼ǿķׯ涼ò͵Ŀˣ˸ŮжĳҪǾôˣׯԺܲܿˡ
еĺŲ裬˰죬¥»ǳֵģʱҲҪ뿪ˡ¥ȥ¥ȰѵˣȻϽ뿪Ƿ֮ء
˭֪ߵſڣǰ磬һӾͱƿˣҺóۼֿ㿪ˣȻ͵ñŸĵҽԺȥ
һ𷢱۵ĴŮһӾ˽˳ĻС
ʶľ˫֣ɲռŮӵıˣȻŮǰóʮֵá
Բ𣬰ҡŮӴӳĻܳȥȻĶԳ˵
ûʲôʾӢ۾ǲ⣬ǰŮʲô֪һӢ۾ҿɾͲˡ
ŮӼûʲôӦЩʧ䣬ʱ¥µĳԽԽңŽŲͲЩѾӲ˷ׯۿžҪ¥ˡ
Ů¥µҧ촽Գ˵һԲ𣬱ƿ˳굽һĺȥˡ
һĻʱһԴ󣬿һƺҲϴˣЩ˽ŮӣҲøꡣ
ͨ£һԺԷԲһӦý±ȥ
»صλϣǰһԼֹ棬еĺŲ衣ֻϣЩһﲻҪĺ顣
ϴûҵ
ңۿܽģ䣬ûС
ǣǵĿˣǲܽȥǲܽȥ
⴫һЩ˵лžȰ
һŭȣһķűһʮɫ˾ʹ˽
Ѻһڲ裬̧̧ƤɨһǾЦԭԷܿݣ
æ͵λλҲˣֻǵĿˣҪҵĲ
ɺŲ裬Ҳ˵


513 ֮ͬ
̨ǿϷһȺ˳֣ɵø̾Щ˾û۾ֲãҪ
ǳԸѣֻӣδʲôӢ۾Ȼһ飬ǡþͱˡ
ʵϣκε鷳ͬʱҲĿǸŮӱȺ˴ߡ
ʲôÿǻ˵СͷĿֱӳ嵽˳ǰһƷӣϵķһءۼֿ죬㿪ӣûŪһණ
ڵһ˿ŭΪƷӶŭΪЩ˼ֱ̫޷ˡôĿˣ˲Ǽ˼
æǰڳǰЦеĺЩ˵źûλλ޵ûҪҵˣһֱòͣûʲôˡҪȥĵطҡ
˵껰תοһֱǸ
Ҳ鷳ЩʶȤĻһֶ˵
СͷĿžӣġͬΪĹˣʵǲĿͷģʱ˼ŭɫ
СǸܵˣ˲ȥˣСͷĿʮŵʵƺǿһֱû˵浱Ϊˡ
ĿһⱲĳƺС֮ģ仹Ǳôƺ
һ£˶ʧվԭչһ½ǣӢ۾Ҳ뱻һȺô۸ͲǳԸ
һͷˮæȰ˵С˵Ǹ׹ãǻˣǿɵﲻ𰡡
ôһ˵͸ӵȤˣ׹Ĵ֮һҲǳ֮Ŀ֮һûȥһ鷳˾Ѿˡ
һЦغˣʲôȥǻأ⻻겻۵С඾Ȼ
СÿСͷĿɷ˵ʾߵ˽ŪߣСͷĿĿ˳档
һЦһ߷磬Ů¶˵֮С
ȼһ̣ɨһСͷĿһŮЦҵˣҪǲ͸Ͻҹ
ЩѾŮӣȻǲߵģⲻ֪ǳĿģϣЩ뿪ء
ѽ㣬鷳㣡һε˵ʵ֪ŮӶˣֻǿһҧ˲ڣŻȰ˵뿪Ȼһᱻ˻
СֵǣҴСͷĿɫ࣬ŷӦղųʲô˼
ȥˡ㣬ںáһ仰ǸǾ˵ģڶ仰ǸߵǸŮ˵ģŮӵҲʮִûʲôңߵ˳ԶԶȺˡ
䣬˾ҪȥץŮӣգ֮ͽ̵ڵأҳ˵Ҫ֮ʹȫɥʧսʵϣСҲûʲôս
СͷĿʱۣҪǲŮȥȴǵľԲʲô³뵽СͷĿɴԼ˶һϣҪ˺սԸ
治ɫĲԸ⼸СඣɵĹͽǴƨСͷĿ²תҪܡ
ԭվھСͷĿԶĵط͵һܣܵСͷĿǰץסСͷĿ죬漴һţߵڵء
ôһСͷĿһתͷЦѯʾ
ȵŴͣƺ޷ǰһУû뵽λ˾Ȼһ֡ĭͰ͵ıһ֡
ԴȤСͷĿЦЦ֮бŷɱ
ʱ˿̣ɵҲ֪ߵ壬СͷĿæһϽ˵ԲסԲסϹ˹ۡǻˣŮϴҪˣҳףһʶ
˵˻ͷ
СͷĿæ˵Լ˼ֻóǸŮˡ
һӣе棬һ˵û˼Ҿ˵ôǮ
СͷĿһ£ΪԼ˵ݣɷǾͲΪˣû뵽ǲΪȫҲǳĶֻ֣ʱЭԼп
ȡˢ˼£Щ˼ЦЦ˼ҲСĶఴһ㣬ûɣ
СͷĿûιȥЩѹǮžͱ¸ˡ
ûûǿԴ˰ɡСͷĿֻǿɱ˵ĳ嶯ڵѯʵ
һ۾˵Сӻȱۡ
˵ҵˣҪôҪôҲøЩһϻǹ׼СͷĿԴȻǹֻǳģɵЩ˻Ǵ´ġ
СͷĿʱˣû뵽ȻǹǼ򵥵Ŀˡ
СͷĿһƨûҷţµˣƨܳ˰䣬ֱ뿪˷ׯ
վԭأ˫ֱ£һ뵽ղԼһǹ̸ЦӰֹס
ңʲôҲûʲôҲ֪⾭Ͻס۾ľս˵
ֺֺֻЦľļЦ㲻õġСӼȻǮôҵ˾ͻǡʱֻҪ˸£ҵ˻ǹĺܲ
˵껰þǮתĻͷ棬ϾҲŰʮŵˣЩȻϺҲҪʲôǮÿԺ˯㹻óˡ
ûӦðżæ׷ʵֵܣȻǶǻĹˣܸܲһʵܵ𻻻ˣ
ЦԼôһһŹҷׯǡúϲҷׯζɲܾû˸ˡ
ҲԸͣŮӾ뿪˷ׯֱӻصܻء·ϳ͸±˵绰ð±ѡʮȥׯţһлңֻҪ˴ôԡ
ʼգǸŮӶû˵ֻǺĴų
ܻڣеĺŲ裬Ȼ׹ϰ߻ǸĲģ֮ĶʵǺȲߣǲ㡣
лл㣬ҡŮڵлͬʱһ˫۾ĴųеĲ豭
΢΢һЦ˳ҲŮӵһ裬˵ôֶ֪ء
ŮЩɬЦЦ˵ԼаˡΪʲôϴϣŮֻΪεʼ磬ȴû˵Щʲô
ܺŮӵݣһͨôܱϴУѲֻΪŮӺƯԵʣǻϴͿ˹һɫ
úõһʣʱӵ˺췢ĵ绰˵ǱЩҪµŮӣˡһ棬ҲǼŰˣܾŮ˵ݲ򵥡
һ·϶飬ڷׯķӦͨǲһģǳǹʱŮ˶ûʲôȵı顣ƺһѾϰΪˡ
صһú췢ȥ鰮˵ݣ׹мǧˣǺ췢һʱ֮Ҳ޷ȷοûиƬ


514 ֢
ϴôһŮ˵ģɡ췢ŵĻϼǧݵϣ˵
룬ૻش𷢱ۣòȳǰ͹̣ǰ͹̡
췢һڿֱ˵Ļ棬ʮԹų˵ϴǲǽã̡պ췢ʵʵɸѡÿһϡ
ϳ˵ģһٶˣڰ֡ˣûһһݿ꣬ݲ¾ͽ췢ˡ췢һԹ˼ԼǲĲã磬Ȼ
뿪˺췢ķ䣬⼸ЩǸǶѵ췢ǱȽеˡ췢츳ܸߣԭҪڸ㶨Ŀ꣬ʱ췢Ѿ㶨ˡ
ãҪ֣ɴú췢Ҳѵˡ
ʱȥˣ֪ڶʲô״̬գߵСڵķſڣϸĶʲôûֻ֣̫ˣ
棬ʱʱǹķǲҽȥģھӵɵĽ࣬СѾͷǹӦûûлͣʱȥϺûʲôˡ
磬ˡ橵ˮЩӡ
ʶתŷֽ橺վһ߲óһһ㶵ġ橵üϻɴȻѵˡ
ȻóǣõֱһһȫõӸ˿ڡѲɣСӻϲŰô
磬ҲС˵ʦﻹûҩƷƺע⵽˳Ŀ⣬Щ˼˵
ûһѪȥϵ˿ǽġǰһץõ˫֣Ȼֱߣõ䡣첲ССȫ˿ڣܶ˿ڶѾˣһЩѪȻЩ˿ڲͬʱɵġ
õѾѪȾˣôһŪһüͷö˿ڶŪˡ
ô¡ɵʵ
֮ǰҲ⽪橵Ը̫ųˣȻɱֵ츳ȴûǸӣý̸˽һЩصѵľҴߡ
һִ񣬻ΣգͻὫԼߣڻὫԼ߳ʲôǾҪ橵ʱ뷨ˡ
һΣʶСѾͷıȻǿնҲ޷ͻ
橼ֱѾ˸ĵزǰһˣߺһˡҪһЩõóֵĵɽϣôٵ˽橡
пܣϣܹصǸʳǵС
ã橣ʱȲҪѵˣһˡͻȻ˵
ȻƨƨߵĸųˣΪ橵ʦԥһ£ջѡճ˼뿪˵ҡ
һ·ߵԺſ˵ã֪ǹϵĵһɱ֣ʮǣֻһͨСһϣȥƽ
һ£Ц橲һġԶ֪ްŵʲô飬һӶʲôƽѪɱ¾õƽʽһ㣬橱ˡ
ɨһ۽橣ʵϳҲǽ橵ʲôˣڽǸõģϾòǽ橵ʦ֪ʲôʱʼѾ˾ˡ
ûа취橵ȥΪһɵˣԳֻ橵ˡ
橣ͬĻҾͰ˽ͻعڡĹѧݵЩҶӵСֻҪԸ⣬ڵʮ˵
ģֻҪ橵ͷͬ⣬óհţСѾͷصԺΣаյġͽȥϲѧУ飬ȱҵ˰һȵĹһУѾǺˣֻҪͬ⣬ȫ
Ͼ橴ǰһĺӣΪ˹ص̰Ҳӡ
뵽͸޿˹ˣ˹ѾһˣŭҲ޴й
Ϊҽ橻ͬ飬˭֪橾Ȼʮּᶨľܾ˳һèһɵĽ橣һ̾ȻǴഺڵ溢ӣϵľܾ˳
橵۾ʣʮഺֻȴ޷ı䣺磬ĺˣҲܹȥΪѾزȥˡ
һ£˵⺢ӹȻִ̫ɳôߵİ취һԽкܴӰ죬ǳ뿴Ľ
橣ٿһ£˵㻰ģ̽Եһѯʵ
ʱýȥѵԼӴͳú̸һ̸
޳ָڲ輸ûţƺһƵʣӦĳɡ˵һˣ橵ĺ뱲ӡͬʱҲһǳ̵ˣû뷨Ӳ֪Ҫʲô
ŪƿԣⲻǷϻôһүʱȥоŮӵ£ߴߴĻŪŪˡ
ü˵Դӿ˹ضԽһֵһ橾ѾǴǰǸĺˣʮҪʲôϲ㣬ֱ˹شĳ޾ţڰֻ֮ܿԼǿƽĵĲڽͻعڣ£橾ͻԼƷ衣
ˣϽڰ֣֪öѧǳо˵һﻹʲôѧĽڣ̸ģȡ衣
ⷽҲ˵㣬ӦףһֱҴ߶ʱ׻ǲԼΣֻ˵ԼĹǡ
Դˣֻ΢΢һЦʾҪġҴ߽ս״̬ⲻѵ橵ĵһ׶Σȵڶ׶εʱ橾״̬
һõĻǿŵģϾһɱֵͷ
ɨһֱϵ˿ڣɻʵֲôᱻһСѾͷŪԼ߳ʲô
һ£ɵЦЦҲЩ˵ҲûʲôһεѵԼиı䣬ǽĿת橽ҵ˿˹أҲû뵽СѾͷ˿¡һʱѡ
ƨŻš
ЩСС˿ڸͲһɵģҴ˿ϵĳ̶ҲһɵġóöԽע˺ܴѪȴ֪Ϊʲô
˵ϲ橣ôһдĲţͬˣܹоõöڽ橣ǵһȥԴ
Ʋ⣬ܿҲʲô츲ص飬ŻɽӣҲΪǸԭ򣬲ŻԽ橸Ĺա
òһˣԳ˽橵Ļ⣬ûʲô˵ġҲʶȤֱӻص˵ҡһ˴ڿԷ֪橻ɽһͰСѾͷͻعˡ
ҲǹģȻ橾ôĽá
˵ǶԵģһʼ·ǽԼѡġȥõͽܣԺҪߵ·ȫǽԼľ
ģҲֻкúȥ橣ڽԺһɱ֣һ˸ѵķӣ͹ܲˡ


515 
Ľ橵飬ʱֻ绰һ˴±
֮ǰð±ȥׯ򣬴úõĶԸһ»ˣû뵽żСʱĹ򣬻˾ѾԼ
ӣ֧ԮǣǹľȻ˶ʮˡ±ŵ绰񺰵
ʱ˿̣ׯѾըѣʮСබڷׯſڣҪóһŰ˵֣˼Ҳܼ򵥣첻Ѱ˸Ǿ͸ɴڷׯſˡ
Ϣ֮󣬵һӦǣǲǶɵˡȻڷׯĻˣôܴڷׯء
ӣʲôʱ򵽣ҸղſмżһأΪ˲Ҫûֵϡ±ʮֽ˵
ׯ⣬ǸСͷĿŶʮˣһλصشǹв±Ͻ˸
±ʮˣȻһЩÿһ˶ǻĹľӢ˸ͲЩ˵Ķ֣ʵ׹һֳʲôƱػᾪ׹ľ
±Ѿ֪˳ݣȻҲʮǲϣ͸¶ݵģܲ鷳;鷳ˡ
ʮӺ󣬻ȥġֻ˵һ䣬ֱӹҶ˰±ĵ绰˳ա
ռȻ׹ĸˣС黹ǿԽġ±ȫڷׯװԷʮӵʱ䣬ׯſھͻȻ˴׹죬ʮµСȫץˡ
յϢʱ򣬼ֱǿЦá˵а취û뵽Ȼְ취ŮˣҲˡ
Ҳвסֱȥһ˷ׯŵʱǾһηó¶ڣʲôֵһ
±յǰС˵ӣŮ˲ͷ˰ɣαۏˮء
һЦƱôһ֣˶ʱǲˣǳʮȫ˾ݵ㡣׹ľʮĹˣȻЩһ׷ܻܿὫҲǣ
һγӦøлգǳճֵĻ黹Ҫ˷ѳСľ
Ժ󻻻鷳ֱӴ绰±ֻд˷ׯľ
±һΣɲӵ⾭ĵ绰ǰ˼ֱǷӣ±ϲ˴򽻵ġ
Ȼ±صݵʱ򣬲֪ͳЩ±ЩѾˡһţͿʮ׳ڴѵû߳ѵҴǹ졣ǰ±˴ǮŪĸϵͳ¥ϻѾ˰ɡ
ӣھرϣһصȥʹʵǳܲס±һί˵
±ϣӽĳֱףȷʵʵ֣һ뵽ݣ±;Լһجΰˡ
±磬˵ﻰշշһȷʵʱûڰ±ԭЩ΢ֵİ±ȻѾʼ
̸Цʱľݵȫ³ˣֻһ˳⣬ǾǱȻǸˡ
һе鶼Ͱйϵ뵽Ǿȥһˡ
ʹŮ˲ûݣǳҲɵܹоõ˵ݿ϶һ㡣ûϴ׷ɱҪһͨˣôͿֱȥˡ
뵽ֱȥ˰ڵķ䡣
ŵʱŮŰģ輸ڷˮϣŮӽչ˵ĵǲ
磬ȳȥˡŮһк뿪ˡ
˳ȻɳϣЦеŰˡ
ŮʮƯɫĳ׹еģһ˫ɫ۾ʮֹꡣͰͬ˵Ưʣǳͣ׹ŮϻǺټģҲǰ˵Ķ֮˰ɡ
ǰɣĻϰ߰ɡʵ
˵ͷֱ˵ŮӶչ˵ķǳáЦһ£Ȼ֪ʲôݣҲ϶ǻˡ
ܻغܿҪʽͶʹˣʱ췢Ҳģ˴չ鲻һ취
뵽ɴ࣬ͻ˽ıڡ
һصڿеĺȲ衣һ£˵ѾͷϰǹôѲǳ͵ˡ
ôˡûʵ޲һžͰСѾͷͻصȥ
һʮֱӵĿɨһ۳˳ҲûŹߵѾ㶨ˡҲǵӴɩӿɾأ㾹ȻŮˣҲ뱻ŪƬ
Բһõ˿ڣʱ¶ŵ죬ʲôʱͽһˣҲŮ˰
˵˵ֻý˵Ҫ˵һ顣
˭֪˵껰͵һվ´Űˡһᣬ͵ͳǹֱӶ׼˰˵Դ
磬ˡһŭ
һĲ⣬ѯʵĿ⿴
һ˵ˣѪϴ飬Ѿ֪ǵľݵڡ㲻Ů֣ͽ졣
һ飬ʲôӦ˾Ѫϴ飬ⲻǿЦһôԸѪģ⻹ûʼأͰѪϴŪˡ
ɱǲɱһ⡣
ɨһ۰ˣĿдһ˿ɷϲΪһŮˣҲҪŮʲôݡΪѪϴ飬˾ԲϿģô
˵ʲôɳϣŰ˿ʵǹһֱ׼˵ԴֻҪ֤졣
˵ЦԵЩӲףΪʲôԼľһݾȫһˡʵϣѪҲǹǸɳԱͷĽɭͬ˴СܵרҵѵȻûгãǶԸһ˻Ǵ´ġ
⼸꣬ѪϴҲǰ˵ĸףԽԽֻаôһŮҲ뽫ȫˡ˾ǵõϢŻ԰׷ᡣ
ֻҪƿ˰ˣ͵ƿѪţϴȻҪõˡڰ˼ʱ˲Ծĵط˦Щ鷳ȴֱڷׯ档
ǳĳ֣˴ʱ˿Ѿڻϴˡ
뵽һæ͵ҲҪݣֻҵݶͨ˵塣ȻҲû뵽ϴ󡣲ģȻңҲǸңҲ˵ǵܾݵ㡣
ߣ㡣ʱըë
ڰ֣ʾԷǹˣʵϳǾȻչ˻ǲġ
룬ǰ˵ģ԰о֮Ůʱܱ
ԺôҲͲ±֪ЩʲôˣǸʱȫƿ׹ĵ硣ֻҪȥ׹߲Щˣͺѹ
磬㲻ô׵Ůˣһƭ㣬ѵ뿴ıһΡüͷ˵
һ£ЦǲǴǰ壬˳ңѪһḶۡ
һۣ֪Լô˵Ҳıľɴǹһ뿪˿
ŰˣĿ֮ȴһݱ䣬Ѫϴ飬ȴڳ˵һûᣬǳһϲŮˣ֮ͲӦǣŮˡ
ðвѪϴЧİ취ֻǳҪĶһ῿ʵõ֣˹ǰ㱰޳ܡ


516 
㣬ˡŰˣ˵
ȻѾ֪˰˵ݣ͸Ӳϣ˻ڱ棬ð˶ѪЩʲô԰ͲŮ˸Ͻ
˭֪˰ڳһģųֱ۽浽ǻˣҪ뿪һᱻץסġ
һ£ʱһԴŮ˼ֱ͸Ƥҩһ֪нľ棬˵ʲôҲŮ˵ġ֮£ֻ˸˰һ䷿䣬ҴȥȥѪһˣ˸ͻȥ
磬һ¡췢վڵҵڣޱ˵
ȻȻȥ˵ңԭ췢Ƿ˽ɭĶ֮ǰСǱű֮Уڹű֮аһЩڿ˹󣬽ɭҲûЩ
磬˿ҪǵĽһʽףǶƷ췢üͷ˵
ͷʮ᷷ˣΪ˺˶ٵ˶ٵļͥ˿ŵһǲֶΣһ̹ˡɼʹ˹ڵʱûƷֶ
ɭãŸһβþͿʼ·ʵҲǽɭΨһĳ·ˣɭ׳˿ţΪٵǷɽɭѾ˳ĵߡ
ǳǴʱԸ˿ŵģɽɭôһŪֱӽĿ껻һ¡
ҪɵɭȻŪһܻߵȥ˿ŵϴ
±ȥһ£˿˭ĺߣʲô취Ǹ˱ǵˡô㡣±˵绰õ±ĴԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ڣӺң˿пѧңֱ˿ţȻ׹ͻö֮ĽǸѧҸŪߣʱ˵ǳˣϺҲ޲
ʧˣڹڵֵܺǻᷢʲô飬ԺӲù
ϰԵĵȼһ̣ű컨巢׵컨ǵӰĻͣЩڳеˡ
Լһ£׹ѾһЩǸɳԱټˣԸɭ˿Ѿѹˡ
ֻǣϺɹ˲¶棬ᱻ׹ĸ߲㶢ϣһ˻Ҫˡ
ǣصܾݵ㣬ʣµһСͷĿȫǿһᡣ
ıǿ˹ɵģȻ˹ѾҸɵˣɺֻܶšǣԸ⿴Щ˻ңôڻĶˣʮһСͷĿʵ
Ը⣬ҵһԸ⣡˹һվҲš
ź˿ŵĳ޷ģڽ˹˵޲ý˿ŵ˶ɵŻᰲ
ЦЦŽɭжƷ׵˵˳˹Ը£ȥָĵطȽɭһ֣޻ء
ڰ֣ЦֲǺᣬҪѧ÷Լ˹ĸ׹ľǺܸȤ
⣬ǳĴ֮˲ܶҲֱӳ档ɭھһ蹷һ˳棬ɭһֱɱܾݵ
½ɭ˶ǹǸɶ׹ĸʧһóۡ
ԣɴͽȻɭҪôоȥԸɭõѡ˳㻹Ϊˡ
磬̫ˡ˹ʮּ˵
㶣˵ⲻ򵥵ֶôå书åĻǡþһֻ书Ļå
˿ţ˹İ칫ڡ
ɭźƱŸ߽űɺɫҺ壬ȫǿ˹ƷƵģڿ˹صλϣʱɼҲᵽ˸׵Ϊ֮
ֻһֺеĶ棬ΪһӾڿ˹صı¶ȹˡֱĳ֣״ݻ˽ɭ磬ٲԨ
߽űŹâҲӳճɭŤ˺۵
糤ץˡʱ򣬰칫ҵŴˣ˼һŮǽŮݺݵƵ˽ɭǰ
Ů˾һֱӵڵϣ𷢱Ըл˿ŵİ
ڵϣֵŽɭһμݵĽɭֱ񡣰̲סؿڣǿѹŲûԼֱ³
ɭĿͻȻʮ̰ҳȻǳڶ԰ϲǳڶԳĳޡ
ɭʮϲģȻͲͬŮ˷ϵһֱֻϲǱ˿ŵģɵǳҰɹȡǳҰλӣҲõ˿˹صá
ڽɭǰԼĸ׾ͲᱻɱΪûл֪űĲ֣Ӳлڸ׵档
ڽ˹˵ĳӰ˳ҲԼĸס
ɭŸ߽űӸµŰʹһŮˣôϲŮˡ
þòΪʲôҪܡɭ˳ǣϵİ̺ۺһӣǵĳ鴤䶯ţʮֵĶġ
Բ۾æ͵ûܣ糤µҲڹű֮УǼĺûϵ
ûϵɭʵ
Ҫڽͣɭֱӽеĸ߽űˤ˰ϣɺҺ彦˰һŵŽɭ⻹ʶǸôǰɭôƵأҲԲ
ŽɭһηǰѾ˷츲صĸı䣬ָıðʶԼĴ͵ſڵķȥ
ɭֱס˰һסĲӣŮˣɭЦ㺦ҸףҪᡣ
ɭˣӡȿȣ糤֮ųΪ㣬Ϊҡ㣬Լ糤ƴ˻ͼýɭָǡ
ȻĻȴӴ̼˽ɭǵģΪԼԲŽסʵδŹ
ɭԽԽŤϵҲԽԽĿնôԭңԼ˸ףԭҡҺ˸ôô
ȻɭûĻش𣬵عʱ򣬰Ѿ̱ˡˮ˳ŰĴ۾ɫ㷢ɢɢһ˫۾ȫû˾۽ͫȫŴ
ͣƺƴҪȻɭסʺ
ɭһ£͵ɿ֣ۿŰ˵ڵϡİŮˡ
Ҫ뿪ң㲻뿪ңҲǹģԭҡԭҡɭסʬ壬ʬ滹£˵¶ûʲôôƯôԸС
ɫȹӳŽ׵Ƥϴһȹ޳¶ţȹõĴȸղһȹѾƶλã°ױ¶
ɭĿⶨĳ̿ˮŮһֱõģǰϲʾϲˡ
־һ񶾵䣬ɭץ񡣳ǳߵһȫǳġ
İŮˣȻϲĳˡɭŭɶһ˺鰬ϵĶȹŭָ֯ţҪɭɵ
ڽɭҪʧȥǵʱ򣬰칫ҵű˴ˣһ߽ʵɭˣץŮʲô
ǰĸףյϢ˵ǰɭץˡŴҴҸϹû뵽һžͿһĻ
˵Բ۾ŵĿŽɭħȻɱ˰


517 
ģҪɱ㣡ͬʱͳһǹ׼˽ɭָ˰档
һǹ졣
ɭſ˻еİŤɫ˼Ѫ˵Բ۾沿鶨һ˲䣬ֱӵ˵ϡɭһǹڿ׵һ˲䣬ͱܵͳǹ
ͬʱıҲһǹ죬ǴӺ췢ĵ淢ġ췢ԭڼ罻׵飬ûʲôģû뵽Ȼ׶֤һС
췢߶µͳֻ֪ѣǣ췢ת˳
ʱںСͷĿһӵ绰˶һ¡
Ȼɭɱˡ
һһ׹˲ٵˣŮ˸Ǻܶ࣬ǳûоԼǷ˭
ԸģҳҲõķչռ䲢ҽ̸ǹΪһͰ˷ͻǳȳˣϺ׹ĸˣ˲һͰˡ
ǣͳеŮӶһ
޸ҪԸ˹أԲŴӰ֡һӢ۾Ϸ룬γɹ˿š
Ȼ²û̫Ӱ죬ǳϾӽİһֱÿǷһЩԼҲ벻ʲô֪Ѷ˶Ҫըˡ
췢ƵƵԭⲻıͻȥһһҪ֪ɭΪʲô԰֡ɭһֱϲģ˿Ŷֻ֪ϲɭˡ
Сʱ󣬳ɱ˽ıѾػ˺üˣΨһˣٶȡ
һţֱӳ˺췢ķ䣬һƿڵǰĺ췢ƵƵļӺ󣬳ŵĻ΢΢ᡣ
磬㣬û°ɡ췢һСʵղųɱڵĳﻹǸЦе磬һɱں췢˵ľսġ
û˵ڰ֣ת뿪˺췢ķ䣬ȥԼϰҡ
Դｨɣһֱææûкúϰǹǹ̶ǽϣȻ˿ƿء
һſӵ漴ڷ棬Ųȱһֻһǹֵ衣
ͻȻһ£㿪һöӵȴǷʧӵżȥļʱѪֻƤ˶ѣӵ򣬽Ƥһӡ
ɭһҧĿ˵
Ҳܼϵ˿ڣϰҵţͿ췢ȫΧſڣСҲڡ
ƿˣߵ˹绰߽˹鲻ùˣа취
˹ԣǰճ˼հˣϾϴǳ˹
û°ɡɴ߹ʾ⽪橸˿ڡҲû㣬ɽѵ£ϴ˿ڡ
磬Һͺ췢Ͷɱ˽ɭǸžѻǹߵ
˳ǣҪҪɭɭһζԣǣô˽ɭ
ڽɭ˵ֻһֽѣҪţԶӰ֮С̧ͷɨһˣ˵ҪЩףڲɱ˽ɭѾ뵽˸Ȥİ취
磬ÿ¡һ߰˿ڣһʮ۵˵
һ£ǰʧ̫ҲãһѹСָֻЦģֻ˫ڵ۾һЦⶼûУǱ˷ָ
ڳ˵һýɭùģ㲻ԽɭôɼȻɭԼͱˡ
췢Ľˡתͷʺ췢
췢Լ˵һ飬Ľ׽ɭԴȥΪǺͶ˵һνףһνɭŻȥͷ컹ʮ־ģʲôʲô
ھͶǰɭԼõĵص㣬췢Сڣ׼һ¡Ը˵껰ͻصȥȥˣ˵ʵϲǳҪƽһ顣
СʱװǰСʱԼĵص㡣׵ص׹һͷֿ棬ǵʱֿŻûд򿪡췢ϸоһ£ֿǵں췢˵ֱ׾ٵ顣
췢˳ƽ룬ֱӽ˲ֿ⡣ֿڶ˻ֻмһطǿյأǽ׵ĵصˡ
˽ֿԺ󣬽Ӵһλãͺ췢ɴͲλ档ѡľѻλã췢Ҳڲֿſڰװһͷһ˿ֿ⣬췢ڵһʱ䷢֡
˿ʱ䣬ϻмСʱҴֻѡ˸Եλãȴûѡó·ߡڲֿɨһȦһ˵ֲֿⶼһǰźһţͬʱЧʡ
һȦŷֺŵλãкҰæһصС·ս֮󣬳ǿѸٵ뿪ֿ⡣
磬ҸղŻ·ߵ⡣췢һ塣
ֻ΢΢һЦЩڳ˵ϰԵİˣϴˣ˶ϰԵĸԼһ·ú췢ֿĺŸҳͷķҲ˵һսӽһٶȳ롣
ʱһһȥۿžԼʱǳӽˣҲԼλãȫעĶŲֿſڣ췢ǿԼıʼǱԣҽʼǱԵĹԴ
ֿûпƵģ췢ıʼǱ΢ĹԴʮԣҲǺ췢ſڰװͷԵʡһ˽ֿ⣬췢ǰһϱʼǱԵĸӣͲᱻֱʼǱ΢ĹԴ
ЩһôҲ֪ʱⶼٵˣᡣЩͷ˵ƽʱھѻλǺԵģֻǽԵĵ˶˵Сһֵһᡣ
ڱԹһƣʱ췢Ҳѵˣ
Ļ棬һİˣЩӦòǽɭˣΪûпɭ˵Ӱӣ˿漸ԱӰҲûпҪıһ£ЩӦǺͽɭ׵ˣʾ԰ꡣ
ƲƲ죬Ƕ˾ѻǹǹڶ׼˲ֿſڵλá
ʱ򣬲ֿŴˣν˲ֿ֮Сͬһʱ췢Ҳ˱ʼǱԵĸӣⱻ˷֡
ϴ󣬽ɭСӵôýɭסһС˵
Ϊ׵һЦ˵˹Ǹ϶һֱϺǺôһɭԼ˿ӴĹϵԺǮֻԽԽࡣڽɭףȰǮõ˵
ϴڳԺڰɣǿɵﲻ˿šСƺ˵ĸ˵ҲǸĶࡣ
ΪһЦȴҲû˵ִ˲ֿĵƣɨһȦƺûʲô쳣
ʱͻȻһħԵһݵһۺ췢СӵֻȻû
ʲôˣ˶ʱҳһţͳǹĴܡ
췢˵磬ô죿


518 ó
޲ֱӽСӸȥתһ룬뵽˸õİ취ɭЩӳںôýɭ֪֪ʲô뻢ıƤ
ǹҲû׼ĿһǹôϴĽűϣһ
ڻĹʱѧϰҪһ˸ıҲǺܿܵ飬οͽɭദһʱ䣬ģ½ɭǺ׵һ顣
һڣΧ˶ˣû뵽ôһ֡
ģ½ɭ˵ô
ϴһ£ƺǽɭʱŭɭʲô˼
ôǿסЦ⣬̧һǹ
ϴߵС඾е䣬ʾⶫװšɨһһ򵥵ƣ˼Ǹɵĸһǹ̫׼ҪЩ㹻ʱ䡣
һͷˮȻ׳ʲô˼ȡЯǹ
һǹ죬һǹֱӴϴϣֿʱһûϴعǽӶĴ˼£ϴߵĸСȫŵ
ϴһԣϽ˳˵ϣֱװ
ʱڰ֣ͬʱյСڶ˵˼仰
ģ½ɭЦߣҶȥûУһڶ£ûߡ
СһһŤȴǿ˵糤ǵǣԺô죬⻹ˡ
˵ʲô˶ˣ˭֪Ǹɵġĸɾһ㣬Ҹ޻ȥ֪ôѲɻܺǿ⡣
С˹ȥװļÿһˣ·ʱ˳ֽϴűߵǹ߿ˡľѻǹһֱ׼ǸϴһҪС֣ȫ˲䱬ͷһ
Сڼϵ䣬ųķ֣糤õˡ
ãߡ˵ųԭزŲ𽥼СҲ뿪˿յأԼȫʧǸ˵Ұ֮У췢ƿţ˼¹ϡ췢ȥߣαװѾ뿪ģڲֿ澲䡣
ȻԺϴС۾ƺȷֿѾûˣһȳһյֿſߣһһ߸Լϴ绰磬ɭڳԺڣǵֵȫˡ
ţ˾뿪˲ֿ⣬˲ֿŵﳤȥ
ֿڼž˰ӣһЦôҲû뵽羹Ȼ˸ڣ練ӦѸ٣ں췢ֻһ˲䣬Ѿˡ
סʬѨλǱſڿǹƣÿﻹԭǹֻӵѾװԼǹ档
侲ͳ˫ǹ˼򵥵ݣ⽫˶ҲһӺ档Ȼ󵭵˵ɭӦÿҪˣһ񣬽к췢׼Ӧ
䣬˵Ķ췢磬ڸϻȥɭѾڲֿˣϾͻᵽڵǼֿ⡣
˸ѡλãԺ췢ļƵΪźţ췢߷źţֿҲ֮ˡ߰˿ŵĳԱվſڣһ˲䣬һǹ
ɭȫû뵽һžһǹֵ꣬ʱһƬ˵ˡۼֿ죬һ۾ͷȺĽɭʱ׼˽ɭĸ첲һǹ
糤ȺģȻڳԺڣ˿ŵһСƿ˽ɭͬʱһѰ˲ֿŵĹŰʱɭҲͳǹľʬһһڵϡ
һж̫죬ע⵽ĸѾˣǹǳ
ֿŹر֮󣬳˳źѸٳˣҽЩ֮ķ϶кŵͨȫԭʹ鿴Ҳᷢĳ
ʱ췢ĳҲˣ˼æϳѡһ뿪˲ֿķΧͷϳͲע⵽ǵĳ
ڣ˿ųһдķôһ֣˵ɭû뵽ˣ췢ҲǲŷӦ
磬̫ˣôһɭΪȺͽҪ̵ǮΪɭ˿ŵ˸ڳԺڡһ˭Ҳ˭ˣ˿ŵҲͳˣκεĶӺǺ췢æ˵
΢ЦŵͷĿġǸСͷĿ˳ԺڳԺڣǺ췢ֻͻȻôһνɭܵĴҲôء
ף磬װſڵͷɡ췢ͻȻ뵽ͷ飬㿪ʵ
ڰ֣ʾڿǹʱѾ˳ֽǸͷɵˣڹѾ޷ֱϡһǺڳԺڣ㿱ҲᷢȺ˵ĴڣοɭҲþ飬ǲˡ
磬һ̫ˬˣȲҪ֪ɭʲô飬ƶˡЦ
ʻϣ˫ۣʼĿֻۣһ֮밲һᡣһ뵽;ʮʹϧܹߣͲô³
ɭķˣôóɭͱһʱɭ͵ȫȥӦǰͽ
Ҫ
һ͵۾ڷԸ췢㽫˿µӯ㶼ˣǲҹȥɧţ֮һ˿ŵĲ֣ʤ
磬ڿ췢һε˵
ɨСһۣùɴԼַʳˡ
Сʱ󣬳յ˽˹ϢѾʼжڿʼҹ˿µĵطңһʮַĴ̳
磬ʵǲףʲô˼ǲȥɭƻҪȥ顣˹ȻճķԸ£⻹޵ɻ󣬵ѯʵ
ûйֱͣӽ绰Ӹʵÿ˵ˡ
ɫĽֿ淢˽˹绰һ˶ʱһЦһν˹ķǳġ
Դӳһμ˹û˹ôЦеֻεζϲЦ˹ЦԽģ֤˿ŵĴԽԽѿ
˻ص֮УȥװֻгһڿȲ迴ӡ
ƺȥϴˣһ߲ʪͷһߴݵڳԱߣһԼϴģ㿪ʵ磬ôˣǲɩˣȥȥ
ںȲĳһڲˮȫ˵ذϡԱһСƨƨϲһϵһʾٶϴˣһ˺üεĵذ塣
ΪȻһŽߵһȥȤĶų
ҲǱƼˣܲһֱǣű߰ɣ³Ŷ¥󺰵췢ϱԷ
һ£ɫ죬һҪߡ
ʱ򣬺췢ŵԼææӶ¥һæʵ磬ⲻûʱ䣬ˣأ
еĿɳϣһָŲԶһ߳ź췢ЦŶԭϱʲôʱȷϵģҲ˵ϲǡ
췢ź췢˵ɫԽԽ죬ŭһֱӳ˵ңһֱͶûг
췢˼ӺףŵҵһɵЦ
磬췢ôˣ橲Եų췢Ѿ˼Сʱ


519 
ѪŵϢ˼ǸлһεĳȣϣܹףͻѪŵܲһһѪϴ뺯
Ͼܾ룬֪ѪźͻѪϴʱȥ޷ǾҪ£ˡ
һɵӣҲĸԸĸ˵ǹʹ
ѪϴҪȥ벻ȥǾǳԼˡ
ڱϾڳ棬ǲԹȥҲӦɸˣСѾͷͻȥ˾һʱը˭֪ʲôʱᱬը
ǣɴƺͰ±СȥͰˣ˵ǻͣʵϾСѾͷȥһ˰ˣΪ˻ʱ
ʱԽԽ׳˭֪ϴ󣬺ܶ£塣˼ȻѾѪӣȻͲڹϣǳˡ
£ҲѪϴ󲻿ԼӰˣҲó֤һ·ϵİȫɡ
췢뿪˱ѾÿһǸɳԱѵɹ˼飬⼸ȻƽʱƤЦģÿ˶ʮֵŬһֱΨΨŵŵĽҲǽ١
ڿ飬ôŽ橴ӵ߳һþֱ˵ıʾҪ뿪ˡ
ʱл橵չˣֻǣ㲻ͽߣ۾ʵ
ʵϣʮϣܰѽ橸ߵģϾڳѾؼʱڣȫ֪߻ᷢʲô飬ܰѽ橸ߵĻô滹ܺһ㡣
ó˳ǣһװĶɱ֣ЦʱǴôһġγϣܹ橴ߣѵҵʱѾ̸ˣԸߣᶨҪڳߡ
ʼ磬ʾԼȻǽ橵ʦɺôҲǽ橵ľˣοһɱֶϰˡ橲ԸߣôþҲԲǿġ
橣ĲԸôҪ֪ҵߣֻΣաңʲôҲܸ㡣˵
֪ϲģͬǣ˳ʲôŵ͸ҲܸʲôŵˡŮˣֻǴΪľô󣬲ܼһϲһ
ڸⷽ棬ʮֱصģڻڵȥΣҲ޷ܽ橶Լĸ飬ϣܹ뿪ҲǱ˴õĽ˰ɡ
˭֪СѾͷȻҡҡͷʾѾ¶ڳˡ
橿ڲԣ߳磬֪㲻ϲҡǣڰ㲻ϲ飬ϲԼ顣Բϲңǲֹϲ㡣ңﲻΪϲ㣬˿һ첻£һҲû취ȥ˵
̾һһЦ˭޷ҽ橵ľСѾͷѾɵˡ
ǣճ˽橵ѡ񣬶ҲǶһ뿪˱
ݸߴıӰͻȻãԸһ뿪ôһһǳεĺˡϧʵִ̫ӴԺ橻ǽ橣þҲǸ˭ͷεˡ
һɱ֣ԭǹ¶ģӰΡڲ⣬ΪʲôôԽ橵ĸ飬úͳһڸһ棬ûʲôŵʸ
橣һĺˡѾͷʵ̫ˡ۾Щε˵
ЦЦ׾Цݿʮ͸㱼ֻص˴ǰǵʱ⡣
ʮֱ˵ˣ±˾Ȼǳգ˵ҪΪԺѵʹáһǳ׵İ˱׹һԼŵ㣬ѾҪʼˣ׹һҲֻܳΪ䡣
磬˵Լ뿪׹ôô졣۾뿪飬ŽݺĿĸ
Ҳͺ췢Ĺȫ˳ͺ췢ڹһˣĳ߲ĶӡΪ߲ĶӣǲŻᱳô꣬ϵҡŴһͨŮӣɱ˲գ۵ĹӶ
浽뿪һ죬һὫ˶عڣǵĳҡҳһְ취ܡЦ
δҪԼ׹ȺˣǼǳĹǸɳԱͬʱҲǳѡ׹һУһȺŮ˳棬ڲһ˹¾սˡ
۾͵صͷһһӵ
ļƿһ췢ֽ֣˺췢˵췢һֱĬĬػ㡣һϲ˲ףϲԼ˾͸ӲףǼȻ˴ϲͲҪκεĹǡ䡣
ȴûзſ췢֣췢ʮֵļߴߴ˵һݷĻܽܺúܺõġ
Ⱥ˳ֵӣžԼš̫ʱĹ¶ĮѾóԽıȺˣ˳еԡϣֻе˺ͺϵһˣѡ
˺ͱֱӷܾݵ档
ҸƿݵĴţͬʱһü
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һ£˵ʲô£Ҫ׹¾սˡ
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ע⵽ͺ췢֣ô᲻֪˵ĹϵմӰȡһװУϣЦȻǾܣ֪ΪáǴ֮ǰӣҪǰףˡ췢ǸܺõˣǺø
һ£ˮ˲Ȼϲ֣黹⻹ֱܷġıһ³գ˸֮󣬳վתȥ
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סЦˣҵӵǿûҵҽԺͻҪųΪ˳Ļص˹ڣסˡ
ۿ죬ƴһȥ˳
׹Ƿ˳յݣԼǰʮ˵Ĵڣ׹沢ûΪѻݵˣһ㹻ʱ䳷롣
ս˶Ϸɻ֮󣬱ȺҪһ档Եʱݵֻʣ˳һˣȻյĲǳ˿ŵˡ
ʮˣȻǶɵˣڴһʬʱ򣬱Ǹ˻ˡʱ˵
ҧҪݸҧˡ
յϢԽԽ΢ܿͫ׾ͿʼŴ˫ʧȥ˾۽


520 ֮ʼ
֣޳ָڰţ˳ϡȻŮʮЦЦͳʧȥ޳ָ˲们䣬ֱ¡
ɭųյʬ壬ʹʧ
׹ʱ䣬ߵ˶ȻóĿֲͱʹΪŻģΪ˼һ棬մʱѾڷعڵķɻˡ
ɭһǽɭ鵽˳ľݵ㣬ŴԸģû뵽ݵֻгһˡ
յʬɳϣƿһţʮʬȫ棬һ˵ϺԴϸһѪ˶һ
ӣɱ˳ա
ҧŭȺ鶪˿ŵſڣ
ҲǶŭ½ԼµʮȫлСʱԺЩ˵ʬͱ˿ŵſڡ
Ϻһͨ绰һǽյʬͻػĹһǸϺ꣬ҪĹκ˲룬ҲڵȴʲôƨĻᣬҪֱӳȥѿѧҸ
֮ǰıණôһһ׹ĵСȻյóһ¡ıܾãպܶԶҲ޷Ԥ˵Ƿȫ
ĿѾ׸ıˣҪĿǸɵɭɵ˿ţձ𡣶һ棬ǽǸѧҴӵŪֱͻعڡ
׹عҲѾˡ
ãôôҪ糿͵绰һˣϺϵóһϺȻڲű˺ͷŭ
̾һҶ˵绰ϺŮ˿ŵϺ׹ֱɱȥˡ
ڣϺڹڣ飬ɡ
ʱ֣ڻ̨ϣ˷ɻżСʱԺŮͻصĴأص
û뿪ڳյİ칫ڷһռǱʶĴ򿪣ǳдռǡйģйүүģҲйڳԼġ
ԭյݣֻǻĹһ־ˣΪϺԵʣŻΪ׹渺ˡգǻĹһöӵЩ׹û˵׹ʹļס
գԸ±Ӳҡ˵ͳȼ˻ݵĶ㡣һ·˳ŻߣߵʱѾʼȼˡ
ݵĽϲû÷ĲʣΪʱлٵ׼һ㣬ĵʱЦͳ˵
һ飬Ĺ׹λڻ֮У׹޴ɲ顣
վڴϣһȼܻ֮з·ֿ˳յЦ
ͺ췢վڳ󣬻ȼҲ⡣ոյõһȵĵطһʧȥˡһΣǳ͵ġ
磬߰ɡ췢˵ʵ
׹ԻһʱĻݣǣĻݣǳ췢ǵһĵطͱһѴȫɵˡ
һ죬׹ĵѾըѣһЩڻȡĹӶ˭֪ݵϰ˭Ӳ֪˭ôһѻ
ˣصıڣڳµĲƲΨһĵط⽼ıˡ
ʱ򣬳Ҳ룬ǲǹֻΪóĶڱ˵СŮˣʹˣôɲ⣬ȴһ㲻µ档
ʱһһȥתۼ͵͵ʱȴСǻʮֲ췢ϵϰ±ûУ쵰ô
췢Ūֻ͵ԣʾû˵ϢСڸûֻƵĺ췢Ҳ֪Ψһϵľǰ±ǰ±ֻһֱڹػ״̬
ֻ֮ϵ˰ˣѯ
ʱѾصˣСǲûκεֱͣӾ뿪Ѫŵܲǿ뿪ģĸ׻Ϊˡ
ĶʱСǼȻѾ뿪Ѫţôûء
˻صݵȥݵѾٵˣǰ±һֱػôࡣ
췢˼绰ϵϰ±ȥһθоʲô취ò
˽ʱ򣬺췢ֻͻȻ췢һȻǰ±ֻ룬͸Ͻݸ˳±磬ģ
ȿȣ磬Сڡţţܴܳš죬ǣ绰洫СڵžҵĿ
ŵһĲûĳȥһ߽Сڼסһ߳ź췢ܴܳţʲôط
췢ҲСڵĻæץ輸ϵĳԿףһһ˵֪ߣ
췢һ·쭣Ҳʲô̵ǳҪڵ绰óСˣһǺصˣӿԵжϣСӺܿ˵˷βҵСǣܼܿľһ߾ʬ塣
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ŭһֱ˱Ľˮ棬ͬʱú췢ȥšٶȺܿ죬ƴȫϰʱ򣬷СŶ棬һֻһֻ߹ǡ
СڵֻѪһΪϢļ̳ˣСڿԽ״̬Լ
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ʱ췢ҲˣСڣͺ췢һ˿һֱӽ͵ҽԺ棬ͨŵĹϵݺסҽԺ档
棬Сڵõģֻ߹ǶһһǱסˡ
±ȫǹһǹʹ棬Ҳ޴󰭣ӵȫȡ֮ҲǱסֻǣ±һֱڻ֮Уҽ˼ǲʧѪ࣬ģֻֻԻ֪áпǼ죬ҲпǼ£пǼ꣬󲻻ѹ
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һ뵽Ǹ񣬳ľ͸һܡһֱǳյˣֻǸӰ±ģԲûнƵԼˡ
û뵽ΪȰ±СڣԼ嵱ӵ
Сڵǲģ˲³Ҷ⣬һжҽҲȣһ˼СʱȻûʧѪࡣ


521 
СڲϣĿ佫ȥ˳
±Сںƣʮ˳ľͽͻѪŵܲ˵ĸ׼˷ˣ˭û£Ƕ£ǡ
˺ܿ뿪ѪţȻտ·ϣͱ̥ˡ³鿴ֳ̥Ǳֽţ򿪳ϳѯʰ±ô졣
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ǵһֳǹһСģһƿСͬʱڰ±ǰʱֻˣСڷӦѸ٣Ű±ͳ෴ķȥ
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ж᲻ᵯֻδĴһ֮ڣˣҲˣʯĳҲ޷
С͵ؿ˼ϵıʮʹ࣬Ӧǣ˿ڣȿȣ磬ԲҵȻûзѪˣҲ̫ˡ
ǿѹеıϣС£ҪЩ飬ҽԺˡ飬ͽȥ
Сڲû˵ʲôֻǰţƽȴزס궯ġ
С͵͵ߣһ˿Сڱ۾ƺǶˡ
ǰСڣ鲢Ѫģھ˭Ҫһ¡Сһȣջ˳ĻϾѪҪ붯Ѿˣο԰о֮ѪƺûʲôԸ¡
뿪ҽԺԺ󣬳ڳϣΪԼһ̣ȴûг顣
ڸ˳įı顣
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ǰƺдΪľǸɨ鷳óһ֪һж˭ġ
췢ᣬԼæ
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һŮˣǣ˿ŵˣ췢ȵ˵
ûиеȣ֮еģֻҪȷһ¡׹ͳ޵˾ֻнɭˣǰŸնԸ˽ɭɭͬһʱͶԳ˶֡
ֻ˵ǳȥǽɭɭһͶ˳ˣŰ±ǻͰ˵ĻᣬŪôһһΣƣǳȥ͵ˣôľڣҲ⡣
ô˵ɭĿԭӦǳֻû뵽ȻûȥǾܾѪϴ󡣻һֽǶǹ¹
һȻѾȷҲǽɭģôûʲô˵ˡ
ڽɭҲڽɭ˵ĳһѾ㹻óʲôƨˡ
磬㷢ɣ˵ô죬Ǿô졣췢һᶨ˵Ҳͷ
ʱ򣬳ǳֱӳ嵽ű棬һǹɭȻܹôΪ˻ĴҲɵ񣬵ǲΪʲôƨ񣬶顣
Ʋɼãڳ˵ֱЦҪҲŹɭ
ú췢Ȼص˵һ·ϳûп˵Ǳ۾˼顣ɵɭ˿ţӹɵģڰѪԼ꣬ѾȫڳĿǷΧˡ
ɭѾƵٽ㣬ȥͲǳˡ
ĿɳЦеһľګķ
ߵңǼӻдƵ֣߽ȥ涼һЩĽ豸ǿóƺܰϧЩ⼸û˴ȴɸɾġ
õÿ棬Ŭѵÿ˯֮ǰЩĲøɾʰ롣
λϣһż򵥵ӣİڷŻ鼮ЩǳƵģֻΪ˷ưˡ
һ飬ȵķҳдһ仰֪Լһܱˣ粢ң˺ܶ顣յĵһȵһϼ룬һֱ硣
ۿʱʪˣǿŲûеᡣ
ֻǳյˣδԼֵܣȻֱľګĺӣӽĵһͽԼֵܣһֱڱˡ
ʮֵİգܶչһƣƻͲǹ¡ȥĻҲֻһ˶֣ƾͲˡʱڳȫɵǸ֣ð±ԲѣСסҽԺ
Ȼһе鶼ûȻѾˣô˭ûȥı
Գĳ˳ǣһ̣ôϣԼӵʱ⵹ȻֻһͨˣʲôɣֻĿųպƵ뿪ȴ
ƣգһΪǱģҳֻҪһڣҧҲҪҧɭĿᶨ鼮˵ţӴɨһɶҷ
һ룬ʱԼһֱľګֵܣ
뿪ԺϺ˵绰֪ϺˣϣϺܹļһЩǮҪǮԸʮٱĳҲ޷ֲƵΡ
绰һˣϺĬ˺ܾãðſ˵ûмˡ
һ仰Ūóٸн֪Ƿ˼̫ʱ򣬲뵽ȥֲȻѾˡҪȥֲߵˣȻ˵ߴǿһˡ
Ϻ˽⵽Ƶһ¶СʱͱϺ֪ҲϺӡ
ѹƽʱСڱȽϺãѹֻؼʱȥСںͰ±СںƱֵܡ
֪Ժ󣬳͸ӵСڵˣСȻʲôҲû˵п±˭Թ޽ɭʱСȥƻġ
ú췢ȥСڣֱСڳԺ뿪
磬һչ˺СڵģСڵ顣ǣҲҪչ˺Լ췢ųɨһʾҲҪų
ͷûж˵Щʲôʵϲú췢ѣҲԼչ˵ķǳá˵Ĺǣʱ˭Գ⣬ΨԣΪļϻ縺ʹ͸Ļ档
գƣңҰѽɭԴǰοǵ֮顣̧ͷ컨壬ĵ׺ݺ˵


522 װ
췢ҽԺչ˰±СڣǺͽصڡصԺյϺĶȫȽǹеҩӡ˵ȥԸɭ˿ˣȥըһ׹ĲΪѾ㹻ˡ
ͲһֵһĶ˵ʲôôŪֶ
۾Ϻ飬˵Ϻ˵֣֮ûԭӵŪǿˡ
ĬĬļһϺĶã϶õõģ¶ˡ
Ķѡһ£ѡԼóĶ˼öסⶫȻǲϴ֮ãԸɭ㹻ˡ
磬ʲôʱ֡һʵԴˣȴûиشҪǶֵĻ±СڵĴֻӵ⣬ϾѾûжˣܲûȥ±Сڰɡ
Ϊ˰±Сڵİȫǣûдٽ춯֣ǵȵ±ѹСڵתԺȥͽɭˡ
ʱҲýɭ̫ݡ
˹е˾ȫΧ˿ŵˣ취˿ŵԱҲʲô취˹˵绰ͬʱ͹ȥһԪǮҪģҪýɭΪ˾ýɭһ˶ûС
Ѿ˾Ҳһг䶨ˣƳԺ׹ĶҲӿġ룬ɴ͵СڵƺתԺֱɱ˿ţɱ˽˹ȻֱӽǸѧҸˡ
һڣ׹˶ʮ𳵻ײ˱ûʲôϵȻʵȴ˿ŵĹǸɳԱͬʱ˷ųϢ˵Ҫ˿Ÿ𡣽ֻһ棬˭һֱ˿ŵģһɻɵ
˹ؾһӣ˿ŵĹű֮УǱ˸ɵˣһʱ֮䣬ϢŪ˿ŵĻ̻̣ÿһ˶ͲøϿ˿šɭֻĿߵһһ뿪ȴһİ취ûС
ʵϣǳһ壬֪ɭԴӻص˿Ժ䣬ʮֲǳı˿ŵ˶ԽɭǸŭԡôһ֣ЩԭͲ˿ŵ˽ôᣬѡ뿪̶һʱڣ˿ŵĳԱѾһˡ
ˮܸۣʮ˿ôżСҲǲܵġȻֻǵһ죬˹µսˡ
ڶ죬ú췢Ƶȥһ˽ɭɱ׵ǶƵľ˿ĸ
֪ԺǺ޲ֱɱ˽ɭϾɭǿ˹صΨһĶӣ˿ڵϴЩջѡ嶼뿪˿ţֱӼš
ɭ׳ˣɭɾǱŪýͷö
Щ㣬֮ǰɵЩӣҲĿⶨ˽ɭϡЩ˴һ쿪ʼɭˣ˿ŵĹϵһֱûжֵġ
˿ֻʣһռӣЩͽȻŹɭġ
ܿ죬űͱЩͽΧձ󣬽ɭ»Լ֣ЩҲֻܶһ½ɭˣûɶô˺
涼Ǽ˵ȻҲֵ̫ˡ
ôʵϾΪýɭϾ˼飬ֻСںͰ±ҽԺ氲Ĵ졣
磬벻˿ôĲһ췢̾
ڵ绰ѯһСںͰ±СڵƵתѾԵˡ±ȴӣڻ֮Уûκѹļ
֪˺췢ҲǰʣֱȥһҽԺҵ˰±ҽϸѯһ°±ڵҽ˵˭Ҳ֪±ʲôʱѹһΣա
棬±ʮְƽʱֵģû¾ͺ졣ֻҪǰ±ڵĵطԶʮģڳǷǳ±ԸҲһĵĴ磬һǳ顣
ǣŰ±ڲϣǳζ
±磬ѹɣҷԺҲ㶷ˡۿһ߰±˫һ췢ԣæתȥȥԲѵİ±
ĿͣŰ±ȴҲмֱСԴԺÿ춼ǰ±չŶ˵Ĺǣ±Ŷӵ꣬ÿԹ޻ڵչ˴ҵĳԺ˯Ĵⲻȥں飬±ĬĬİˡ
ÿһˣٵı±չ˵ˡ
񣬰±ȴڲϣҲ޷߶˶һıˡһֱϲͰ±ڰ±Եʱ棬̫˵ÿڵƴϰǹϣгһָɵɭ
СڣôˡĿŲ˸ڵĲϣСڲϣȴǲûнϢ״̬һˣĶܰȥ顣
磬û¡С˵۾ȴȥӲȥԲѵİ±⼸Ȼһ棬Сһ㶼ܿ±ȥһۡ
˲֪СԼȴǴһεģһ㷢ƾͲˣŶҲˡ
ϺӣСҲǣƻҪС곤꣬ƽʱĻСڶǳƺΪġ
Ȼƾǰ±ҲԲѣСڳĪΣϢû취ˡ
úˣ˺ˣȥҽɭˡ˵ʵֻΪ˰οСڰˡҽɭǿ϶ģǳǣߵ⼸ˣ޷ܿ⼸ӡ
һн֮һȥҽɭϵɽ»𺣣ҲҪɭϽȥ
뵽һСںúˣн뿪ҽԺ
ϳͽӵ˽˹ĵ绰˵ɭѾûжˣ˿ҲһռӡϢһĵһƻҪɭߵ˶Ūߣɭ͵޶ȡϾһȥűɵɭűȻԽԽˡ
ڣžĿ£ڿ棬ŵҵķʱкܶˣգƣ±ãߵЩˡ
ǵãСԶǶڽ治ɫÿһķ츲أϰһľګЦһЦ±ʱڳһ߱ԹС̫ܳˣһ׼͡
һоǵӰһڳһһ֡һʱ򣬸׹±İСڵͻȻ֣ƻģ
һеһжڳԴ棬һ޷ϵ˰̣ųࡣ
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˿ѾױͿˣڳŶһϢȻ˿ŵϴɭ˵һֵ֮ĻϢ
һжƲǰ㣬ԴӰԺ󣬽ɭ˾͸ûʲôģȥܾݵ㣬ֱӸɵȻֻܲ˳һˣû뵽ǣŮ˻治һȻһɵ˽ɭʮӢʹ˿ܵشɭ˿ŵλҲʼҡˡ
˵ΪʲôǸŮ˻һʲôõģΪʲôϲȴϲҡΪ˳㱳ң˵Լ˵ǲǸɭİ칤ϰڷһͷǹǣǰġ


523 
ѡ֮б̬ķʽԶԼߡʱʱĶŰͷǹɭŤᣬȻȴ˲ôڵĻȡ
ǣɱ㣬ɱǸŮˡһɵ˳ߵ߹ϧð±СĸˡСڣ֪˭ôǵҴӳһȥǸġɭŤͷǹǼ˵
֪ʱұһȥǸʱΪԼˡô죬˵Ӧô죬һûеõ㣬ûбôء
죬ȻǾҵġûҾȻûǣ˺ۻصűԺҵĸ׾ȻѾɱˡ⻹㣬ģ˵ǲǸɭһһ˵Żͣеͷǹǡ
ڽɭ˵Ⱳĵˣһ飬ȫǳɵġɭûԼЩʲôŻἤŭ˳
ʱ򣬰칫ҵűƿˣһСͷĿսľվſڣԥ˺ܾò߽칫ҡ
糤ļ̵ѾӪҵˣµֵҲ߹ˡСͷĿ̽Եѯʵ⼸˿Ѿ׳˿տӣֻСͷĿǰǸ濨˹صģ˹شŲû뿪
ǣСͷĿɭڵģͺԼΪʲôˣɴЩֵһһ뿪áɭһӣѾ׵ķˣԿԡ
֪ˣȥɡɭ۾ƤЦⲻЦ˵
СͷĿһһ仰ûҶ˵תֱӳȥڿ뿪ˣ뿪һ糤ȥԼЩ꣬濨˹Ҳ˲ٺͣǴһСһһġ
һǹ죬СͷĿļ仹ͣ׷濨˹صĻ棬һȵĵ˵ϡôû뵽ɭȻº֡
ɭͷǹǣһǹһһߵСͷĿǰýŲСͷĿϣЦ֪ģʲô֪Ҳ뱳ҡ㲻֪бҵˣ
ɭͷǹǣ뿪˰칫ң˿ŵѾʣ޼ˣʣµҲǽɭĸ֮ˡɭЩ˵עȥһ˵Σǹһһ
˵ˣһЩֱɭҵˣץ˵档ڽɭЩͲˣսƷӳжսƷ񣬽ɭѾ׵ķˣҲ䣬ҲҲߵЩˣԾֻЩսƷˡ
ɭߵε棬ŵľǸѧңɭ֪˵ݣֻ֪һֱ˺ܲȻˣȴûжôǺóԺúȵźš
ɭף˶ڸ׵岻һ㣬Ҳȥ˺ôҪˡ
㾿˭ΪʲôҸ׻ôչˣ˭Ϊʲôᱻɭվηſڣµ
׷ԲԵĿѧȨûϣɱͲ׹˵ҲǶԵԼĹˡ
Ȼɭû˺ǼóԺúȵźţÿżȻһЩϻƺڽɭ˵˾͸Ψһϵˡ
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εȫɵۣû뵽ɭȻɱЩˣȻЩҲʲôöɼɭ־ٶʮֵĵִ˵ɭѾɱ˲ٵԼˣ֪һǻ᲻ҲڽɭС
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Ȼڽɭߺ󲻾ãȫ뿪ˡű˰ʮţҲûʲôˡ
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ɭԸԼµļţƺֻҪɵ˰±ͻóʹļףɭĿҲʹﵽˡ
Сʱ󣬰±СھסҽԺڳ˼ˡѯһ£ȴûҵ±䣬ɭյϢ±ҽԺ档
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ҽϽ˺췢췢ںСģϢ˶ˡɭСǷˣѾԲѵİ±ǲϷŹô
췢Ͻ±ͬʱС˵ʲôߣ
СڴӲЬӣһ˫ڵ۾ź췢˵Ű±ߣȥסǡ
ƨҽԺѵǲҪ鷳ô췢ŭһһСڣʾҪ֣Ͻ뿪Ҫ顣
СȻЭҲú췢˵ʮеٸ鷳ˣϾ绹иҪҪȥ
뵽Сںͺ췢Ű±˳ҽԺͨʼˡ
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˿ǹҰװ
СŭһȺ췢ϳ
췢ͬ±ֱӴܽ˳ڣ˳ƽŹϣԭڸʻСҲתƵʻλϣֱӲȵסɫĸֵ̽Ұ˲ҽԺĴš
췢ſڰ±ϣ±廹ůȻ췢֪±ѾˡղſǹԾ԰±һǹֱӴ˰±Դ棬±Զˡ
Сһ߹һ߿Һú췢ͣҽԺſڣȻȫ
磬ҽԺˣҡûбð±硣췢ͳֻϽ绰
绰һ˴Ĭðſ˵±磬ôˡ
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绰һһƬţĿ˭û뵽ɭȻزѾԵ˶ϷŹ
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Ҫһ鶼±ǰ±Ȼô׾ٵ뿪ˣһжġһжһجΰˣˣһжص졣
磬±磬ţǿŮ޷еıʹͰ±ںܾ֮ǰʶֻǸʱûʲôˣԴԺ󣬾ܵ±ϣȻƽʱͳ죬ദʮǢ
±һ߶Ĵ磬˵췢˺ܲҪϧʱ򣬰±˵ûѵ⡣
ˮ˳ָ컺
޷ʵ±ȻҲˡ


524 ɱ¾֮
磬ȥɵɭһ߿ޣһ߿ѻǹҪߡ
סҧݺ˵һȣȰ±
СʱСںͺ췢Ű±ˡŰ±ʬ壬̵ֻһ£һûιȥˣ±һĹ֮С±ûʲôˣ׹Ҳûֽһ˵
˴źɫɥеʻڷڰ±Ĺǰʦһ߶߶һֶûȥѾˣʣµ鲻ǻԼİˣô±Ҳˡ
֮󣬳»ص˱ֻһγûдʲôͣ±Ѿ׼ŭ˳һ̶뵢飬ɵɭҪ顣
װʰãһ˴ߵ¥ķ䣬ͬʱϺһ绰Ϻ꣬׼һֱɻ˿ܲҡˣһֱǴ߾ͺá
Сӷˣ绰һ˴Ϻŭ֪׷ʲôôǱһһ
ֻһλᣬ˵ĻԼ취ҲϺϻѾⲽأôѵΪǸƨҪĿ˶ôô
װҪ뿪ʱͺ췢СڣҲװ˶Ҫһȥ
ǻᣬ·ܳԺúɡ۾ЦʮֿɬȴӲŹ˹ǡ
磬±ĳҵñҳٶС˵Դǵȴҵһǡɡһ£ȻŪƿˡ
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ջЭˣףԼ˵ʲôЩ˶ģСڡϾ±ƶһӡ
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ֱ˿ŵĹűһγ˿ûбܻ䣬ͽһ飬Сں췢һ顣ȥɵɭСȥǸѧҸŪԼõʱ䣬ʮӺֱɻͻή䣬ʱὫѧҸߡҲ
žѻǹֻҪڹű濴ˣֱӾһǹǹǹͷ׼ȷʰٷ֮ٿıȴ޷εıϡ
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˫ǹӹűĴ룬ûгݣһһߡһʼʱֹе˫ǹ뿪˲ͽĵȫɵӵ·۾һ׷ѰЩ˵Ӱ
һһţ˫ǹǲǵķųӵһɹصϣһ·谭ߵ㡣Ҳڹűһʱġ
ʮʱ˿̣ɭӦþʹǸ䣬Ҳ˹صİ칫ҡ
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췢Эһϵֱɻ£һ߳Źűȥ
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ҡҡͷɭû뿪һҪɱ˽˹Ǹ˵С뵽뿪ڸϺ˵һ¡
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վסŭȴֱڸסˡ̧־һǹϧɭѾǽ档
ȥɵСŭʱ췢סСڣСںƽʱһϻ˿ڣҽɭǹеСڸͲǽɭĶ֡
ҲУܲĿ˰ɣСܻ˵ۿžץ˽ɭǰС˵Ϊʹˡ
ʱֱɻѾˣջѡȸɵ˽ɭ̤̤ʵʵĻصĹοֱɻװһˣЩֵǡ
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СǿнϢľ磬ܿͷ˽ɭλãյСڷź֮͵صĳһܳȥ
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һǹ죬׼˽ɭȲһǹ
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528 
ٶ̤뾩ǵʱ򣬳ʮֵĸӣʱȥʱôУǻʱѾһжıˣ鶼ıˡ
ϦѾ֪飬Ƕ֪ôοˣòһȺ빲ֵܣһǱߡ
Ҳ飬ֻûгҰˣһӾ˭˵ʮܵ顣
Ҳһǿˣ˸𺣸ȥһ绰ôˣ뿪ôʱ䣬³ʲô⡣
绰ǱȴǴ𺣸˷ܵϴһаãүǽЩ˶ɨˣڳѾǵ£ǰ˶Ѿɵˡ
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Ҫǳû׵ĻǺҲûʲôô˶ҪԼġ
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ȴǿ˶Էһ˵㲻ù
ǺǣùʲôûаѾطҲѾ׼һЩˣֻһֱ벻һ飬ǾΪʲôҪһЩ˭ûֵôҲڱʲôˣǻǾûкΪǱ𣿡
õĻһóĺ٣ô᲻֪
һ׹ǱߣҪ˵ĻôŵģǲΣһжô˱ˡ
Ҳʮֵƽ˵һ£ȻˣҪһ飬Ϊô
˵ѾһЩڴҲ֪ܲôá
ƽûǱסˣ漴ų˵ʲôֱȥҼҡ
áҲ֪Ҫʲôֱӹȥˣһõļ档
õļʮֵĴ󣬴˶ûа취
鶼û⣬õʲô
ôƯĵŮˣȻԸӦԼ飬ЩֵˣǲôֵĻǶһģҪ֪һ鶼Ѿ˶ۣʹö֪Լڵʲô
Ҫ֪һȥĻЩģʱҲѾ˲ˣҪ飬ȻԼͳѾˣҲûʲôֵģĿУôһˡ
㲻֪Ϊʲôȥ𣿡ͻȻ˵ѾźˣЩӶ˶ߣΪľǸԼͳһ磬ҲѾ뵽ˡ
ȴЦҪֻҪ֪ҵģһоѾ㹻ˡ
ףԼõĹϵʮֵĸӣҪ˵֮ĻȫǳҪ֪˸ûʲô֮ģҪ˵ǱĻǵǺпܡ
Ϊ˶ڴ̸Ÿģ˵ûа취ܣǳ˵ûͻ֮ǰûа취ܵģѾôˣֻҪųԼԼĵѹֶͷųŻ޾
뷨Ǻܼ򵥵ģõ뷨Ǽ򵥣ųЦһֱ֪һʮǿˣôûлɹҪ֪ǿһ棬֪Ը𣿡
ǹ鲻ǳģǸʱҲ֪ʲô
ЦãȻ㶼˵ˣҲʧȥϴһ裬Ҳ֪ʲôҾúõĽԼĵһжչֳʱҪʲôԾĻǵʱҪҿ飬ҲҪ˵ԼҲ׵ˡ
Ļõ˵ͷҲ֪һʲôԸ
ԶȥĳĶЩ꣬һ飬ǾԼʲôʱԼһӰ
鲻ڲеģʵѾ뵽顣
Ҫ֪ô꣬һֱûпʲôˣΪЩˣҪôûб£ҪôǱ²ҡ
һЩſڱտڹԼ飬úǲˣھֻ뵽һ飬ǾԼԼ飬Ųô鷳
ǺĴڣΪһֱԼƴģʱһжΪȥĲ
ֻҪʤˣǾʤһʧˣǳضǻ֮ء
飬û˿ôࡣ
ϴ裬ȴڳԼҪ
һ¶˶ûʲôǳȴڳ֮С
һ֮Ǿûʲôͷ·
뵽ԼҪʲôͷ·
һγȥҲˣԼ֮ǰһֱô飬ȴûи㶨Ե˭
ɲҪģҪ鲻ô򵥡
Щ£Գӵļ򵥣Ѹٵϴ裬ôһŮڵܹ˼ң֮ǰѾйôһ̵Ѻá
ڷ澲ĵȴҲʼ֡
һ̣ƾٻӱ뵽ʹ뵽ֿôվǱٻӱ죬һǿһ
˿̣ٻӱڰ칫濴Լļɲ뵽Լ˼ĺѾڱ˵Ĵˣٻӱ֪Ҳûʲôãʱ˶ı¡
ϴˣÿųʵԼԼЩڴѾйֵĽ
ǳǿԸһĸо
ȴЦ˵㶨ˣҪҪȥ

õҲ⣬һʮԸе·ȥˡ
ڴϣ鶼Щ㱣ǹԡ
óʱ۾ֱˣϾҲʲô֪ˡ
ţϴ˱ر
˭֪ط᲻ᱻ˸
飬Ҫ˵˶Ѿ˻õʱ̡
ȴҪйվǱһ̯ˡ
Ҳûа취ǿˣǲһ˿Աġ
Ȼǵһûô顣
ҹ
ûдúͳһֱڷûгóԵĸʱ䶼Ǻͳ˻졣
֪ĿգͳͨãȻͨĹͨ
٣ϴѾüûˣǷ񷽱㿴
ûдȻȥ绰ʱûʲôôоǱ߲ôԾ
Ҫúÿ
һ˵Щ˶õСܣѾоǱ߳ʲô


529 ǿ
Ҳ֪ԼĽʲôоԼȥһ˱ȽϺãоԼĽƺЩ仯Ҳ֪ʲôΪСܵôҪȥһԼĽ㡣
ԼԿףô˵ҲǵܵܣżطϢһµġ
ֻǵ뵽ʱϤĽȴ
ڵģɣҾȻнˣ⵽ʲôôû뵽ԼֻǼûкԼĽ棬һӾнˡ
еûа취ܣҲ֪Աÿϵˣôһˡ
Ҳ֪ǷĴڣӵĸ߿ΪҪǶԷʱЩ˼
ֻǣҲʮδˣСʱ
ԼֻˣطȻȥֻСʱ˻ߵĸоҪˣţƺˣһ
ûа취оĸоˣҪǿԵĻҪһط
Ҫ֪ѾˣѾоԼĽΪʲôѡôһˡ
˲ѡ񣬻Ҫʲô˰
ǵ綯ģôСʱҲû˰
ˣûŵģֻܹ˵Ű
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֮ǰѾ֪ˣȴû뵽һﻹûߡ
һմĿųôû뵽ԼȻط
㡭㣬ôˣ֪ڸʲôҪ֪ҵı㣬Ҫ౯顣
ô֪Լô˵ˣҪ֪һѾıйϵֺطйϵҪ´һ˺
ôԳֵģһֵĻ嶼군ˣûмԸ飬ʮֵĲصġ
ȴ˵Ǽ򵥣ңҪʲôѾĽ㲻ҪᣬвҪطٻҪ²Ըߡ
һʮֵĲãһѹֵʱ̫Ļûа취ƵģҲơ
ֻȴöˣҪ֪֪ʲôˣѾоظˣʵѾ˯ˡ
ÿһζ岻ôã˶⣬Ƕ֪пܾһһ˻ˡ
һ߳ĻԺҲʲôĽˡ
˶ӽˮˣǶ֪˴˵Ĺϵʲôģġ
ĶԵٻӱҪ֪Ϊ£ûмΪһˣȴҽ㣬ԼΪ𣿡
ų˵ʮֵܣҪ˲õĻڹƶʮּҵˡ
ЩҲ˵˵ҲףҪ㣬ûа취ģЩʱ鶼ôļ򵥣ˣرˣûпһֱһŮһģҺĹϵҲʮֵĵ
оԼʮֵĲҪҲûʲôܺ˵ģѾһ飬ǻʲôõĵİ
Ҫ֪һֱôһп飬ҶԸźʣԸĻʲôûа취˵ġ
Դ֪ô˵ˣҪ֪Ľ氡
ֻ鵼µҲʮֵĸӣڳ˶кܴ⡣
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ų˵ǿԳȥ̸̸𣿡
طôЩˣ֮ûߣΪ˺ͳ̸̸ֻû뵽ǳˡ
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Ҳ֪Լô˵ˣҪ֪һֱ֪ôѡˣĽ㣬˶Ѿ˳һˣһһ˺ͳˣĻʮֵĸӡ
飬ǶЩܡ
ʲôûʲôûдҺٻӱǲܵ飬ҲףҺ㶼ǲܵ飬Ҳ׵ģҪ鶼׵ĻҲûʲô˵ˣҶǳˣôļ򵥣֮ѡһҲǱ˴˶˼飬Ҳûʲô
һ˵ֱûʲô˵ˣڳ˶ʲôҪ֪Ǳ˴˶кܴ鷳
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ֻ£Ҳ̾ϢһһǷˣԼôҿ϶ܵĽ㶨ҲԼ
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ǶԵģҲûʲôģǶѾߵĵزʲô뷨ûаҪͻȻˣԸʲôҳ̼Ҷ㣬ĺҪǳ֣˵ǻô
Ҳǲݰһ֪飬֪ҪûãǻŪѪս飬Ҳһ㡣
ȷ˵һ¶ֻо壬ҲûйϵҪҪӣǾҪӣ˭ҪҵĺӣҸҪǵСҲ׵ˡ
Ļ˵һȻһ֮ˡ
Ѿ˴
ҪĻԼĽҲЩ鷳
û˼ȥʲôֻһ뷨ǾԼߵҪãѾϢ˺ü죬Ҳʼָ
ȴʮֵĸӣһĿų˵ԺһؼһҪ֪ҽȻѾԼŻǼһֱʮֹעĻôҪһȥһ˰ɣ
ҲôţΪ֪ĿɽĲҳļһʮֵѱ˭֪һʲôǰ
Ļȴ˵鲻ҪˣҲ֪ļһûʲô˼ģҪȥҵĻǻʲôأ
ҲĬ֪Щ˵˼һʼҪĽĲѾǵˣΪǶû뵽ÿôţƺ壬ֱԼһ˿һƬ졣
֮ǰμҵĹϵĲ£طûжٸ˿ı¡
뵽飬̾ϢһҪһ˵ĻڵȫͬǿϧһŮˣһһдµŮˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽʲôֻһ仰ѾҵŮˣ˭ҶҵŮˣɱ˭Ҫ顣
ݺݵ˵ѾܵʹĸоһʲôɿƵأߣ²Ҫʲô


530 Ů
һӾͱϢŵˣҪ֪ʲôûԷȴǸôһ
鲻Ҫ£ֻҪǱ߲Ҳôġ˵⻰һʱ䶼ЩӦҪ֪飬ûʲôøоġ
ЦĿŶԷ˵ңһһˣ鲻Ҫʲôġ
ĻŶʮֵĵͣ޷ģҪǺ˵ĻǸûʲôǺˡ
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Ҫ˵ٻӱ󳳴֣Ǻ׾ͻ顣
ҲԸС黹ǱȽϿ׵ģô߰顣
ˣҲȥˡ
صȥʱҲѾѹ
ÿų˵ҵܵˣ
ף֪Щʵû뵽þȻ֪϶Լߵʱ˯˵İ
ǺǡһЦ˵Щ˵ͲʲôˣΪûиоʲô𣿡
ҿˣû뵽ʱ£ԷԸоЩ˵ĲңоܵѾ˵ˣҪҴȥ
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һ£ʲôʱ˵Ҫ˰һм˵Ҫֻ֪һţѣʲôǹţ֪ǾǸֵ˰ˣҪǸоôãҲ㣬˶ûʲôġ
Ҫǻϣǿ϶ڳϣȴôЦףһҪ˺ӣҲϣ˺Լ壬װɣ
ֱӵˣѾˣԼ϶Ըһδ
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ĻʮֱֵӵˣҪûа취ȢΪӵĻҪýˡ
֪ϲʲôôúüζûпסǶԷӲʲô˵
ǳʹŮˣʲô
Ů˲ֵ۵Ļǻʲôֵأ
һҲûпٸˡ
ǺǡȴǲôţȻһǿƵŮˣ֪һ飬ǾЩǲǿģų˵ʱҲ֪ʲôһҪ㣬Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
òʲôģֻҲ֪Ů˵˵ӵ
鲻ܸô鷳顣
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оԼЩôһŮһĶڻˡ
飬õ˵ͷ˵ûҪ֪һЩͲ֪Ƿ˵Щ
϶еˣЩһһ˵һ֪һõҪģҲ֪ˣһӶһˣΪ˺׾棬ȴǸоѾһرĸоĸоҲ֪ʲôҾ֪ѾЩûа취뿪ˡ
һ˵õ涼̵ģҪ֪ʱ֮Ѿûа취׵ˣŮ˶һϲ˶ǺõĴڣʲôŮ˶
飬ܵ˵Щĸо
Ҳʮֵĸӣô˵Ҳһֺ˵ĸо
ĸо˵ôһˡ
ڱһЩԼĸʱҲ֪Լ˼ˡ
ǿų˵һӣҲֻһ˵ġ
֪㻹һӵˣôҾֻһ仰Ҫ㣬Ҫ˭ȢĻǾҡ
ǿ϶Ļõ涼̵ģ֪һ顣
Ҳ˵ʲôų˵ʲôҪȥģǾȥɣҲСŮˡ
һʲô鰡ҵˡ˵ֱӱڴϡ
飬ôҪġ
˵˶ûж໥˵ӡ
ٻӱʱڱĹҵʱʲôоÿųʵŮ˶еԸҪ֪鲻ʵĻǲԵЩôԾġ
ȴЦ˵ô˵أҪĻǿ϶ôãǲʵĻȴԵҲôҾɣһӶǵЩӣȴǲӣҲףЩ鶼ѾȥˣҲüȥʲô
ߣҲŲţȻҺٻӱĹϵôãȴʮһ飬ǾĺҲ࣬Ͳ뽫𣿡
õ˼Ҳ֪ʲôȻ˵ĻȴЩε˵ô˵Ҫ֪ҿŮҲÿһŮ˶ֱӱȥİɣҪĻˣѾ˵֮ˡ
㡭
Ҳû뵽ðôһ仰ϸҲǰ
Ҫǳ飬ǲ֮
˲һӶôûԵİ


531 ֵ
ÿų˵ĲڣҪ֪ҿǺݵĹϵһ˿£һĻҲĻ𻨶˵
ĻóЩΣô˵һǺܺõ飬³붼ģΪԼʲôţƺˣ
Ҫ֪μҲܽôƵ飬Ҫ˵ּˡ
ҪٻӱͳһĻǳ϶ᱻƻģδޱѡ
ٻӱǳδޣ鲻¡
㲻ҪôˣˣһǶѾˣҪǻǵŮˣԼ˵ȥˡ
ǿ϶˵ȴƳ˳һ˵ԼţҪԼŵĻԼΪʲô£
⻰ǲųҲʮֵ֧֣Ҫ֪鱾ͲǿͿԵģĶУû˿Ըı䡣
ˡ
֪ʲôҪ˵ˣ鶼ҪԼıµģҪı¶ûУǻʲô˵İ
Ҫô࣬ҲǱȽģ飬ҲҪģҲҪҲģô򵥡
ҲԼͳĹϵôĸôһ仰ˡ
Ҷ֪ʲôʲô뷨ԺҪδģٳĸо
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߾ǳˣѾǾˣǱӴŮˣǶǶԳ˼Щġ
飬˶̲סѾһ椵ĵزҲţƺˣʵ˶ΪļһҪһֱڵ۶طĻĶıģط˶вͬˣ鲻ҪʣΪıº
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ǳĬһֱϣߣΪ֪ԼͳʱѾˣҶʲôȻͻ֪ʲôˡ
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˵ЩǾѾ׼ԼˣҪЩ¡
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ڶ죬ĳˣΪкܶҪѾЩҪǷϵʱ̣ʱҪǻĻԶԵ˭
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Сˣһ֪Щ֮һֱ㣬ôҲ㣬ȥˣϦųʵ⻰ʵʮֵУǳȴҡҡͷ˵Ǹʱˡ
˵ˣϦţֻ˼Ҷ˵ʲôˣϦҲɵļȥʣֻǿų˵Ǹ֮ǰĲҹģҲ֪ô˵ˡ
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Ϧ֪ļһǲʲô࣬ô飬ôһֶûУЩԡ
ʵϣϦˣҪ֪ҲԼԭ
֮ǰЩΪʮֵıˣǳҲ֪Щ²ܹˡ
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ЩҲѾ֪ˣԺҪ𣬱ûУ˿Ը֧һЩ˵ġ
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Ҫ֪һûвãǿ϶ġ
ÿһ˶Լ飬ÿһ˶ԼĲܹ飬Ϊ˳Ҳǻȥˡ
ų̾Ϣ˵һӾôֵܣҪҶǻʲô˵İҪ֪ʱ֪֮ҪȥģֻǸ͹˾ÿһζ˸ѹˣҾүҲԹලǡ
ҪǸʱɲ˭飬Ҳûа취ˡ
ĻʮֵůҲ֪Լж鷳˼ԸһӶûа취رġ
Щ鲻ҪôˣǻһɡϦ˵Ҳ֪ʱҶЩѹˡ
Ҫ֪һӾȥôˣһһЩǴĺӣôʲô顣
ʵϣϦû뵽ĺӶȥģҪ֪֮ǰҪȥʱǶѾ˸ֹˣҪ˵ʲôˡ
ֻ£Ҳûʲô취Ϊһȥ˸ץסĻǻʮִӰ죬Ҳǿ⡣
֪Ϧ飬˵ҲΪѰʲôģҲû飬Ϊ֪ҶΣһЩףǾҺоڲڼ飬ǿԸһ£ʲô𣿡
飬ΪЩĵˡ


532 
ֻĻһ˵ڳ˶֪ô˵ˡ
ô鶼Ժ˵𣿡˵֪˿϶֪ʲôģǾͲ֪֪ʲôˡ
ҸɡϦų˵ʵϣôһǾҪλȻֱӽǸ˵ģһӾͷӦǾ͸ô飬Ǹ˶Ѿȥˡ
ϦĻóЩźҪǸһûĻǳǸ֪ʲôˡ
ֻЩûа취˵ˡ
ʱ뵽˱飺ҳеǴ𣿡
ʮֵҪǸмǣҪ֪û˴Ļᵽʲô̶Ȱ
ûʲô˵ˣҪ֪ǶֵܣҪ㶼ˣǻ㿴żң˭㿴ŰЩһΪԼеݾͿԺΪֱӽɵˣһڴ֮ͥ¸ɵġ
һ˵˵֪Щһʲô˼֪ҪҪˣǾҪƴˣٸ֪վڳģʹѾڵʱǶһ
ûдЩôĳΪǸڵģǶܻȥ
ΪǸΪ˺¡
ȴǿ˵лˣҲ֪ǱߵʲôǰĻҵ鶼ʮֵĺˣҲȥȣΪǸطѾƽˣҲҪҴ
ǲȥΪ鶼ûлָ
ȴǵ˵ͷΪǶ֪ʲô
Ϧȴǿų˵Ҳףһ仰ȴǲ֪ò˵
˵ɣʲôֱ˵Һ֧ġŶԷ˵Ҳ֪ԷҪ˵ʲôôҪģһ˵ˡ
ȻѾ˵ˣϦȻͿ˵ʮֵļ򵥣Ҳ֪ˣǺ׾͸ʲôģһֱҪһ仰Ǿĺ;Ȩ˼𣿡
ʲô˼ЩϦĻˡ
ȴǿų˵ʮֵļ򵥣ǾҪ㣬ǲҪھط˰
һӾˣ⼸һ鱻˸ˣΪҪμҵ顣
̲ס̾Ϣһ˵ʲôӰ𣿡
ӰʮֵĴҪ֪һҪĻǵϾүλþЩ鷳ˡ
Ϧų˵Ҫ֪ľ֮ԿôȵǾΪûкˣͳ̼ҵĹϵѾͬˮ𣬵ҪǳطǺ׾ʹˡ
ȴЦ˵Ҳ֪Ҳ룬ҪˣڲŻѾˣҾ·һֱڰʲô㲻ʲô尡
Ļ˶ҿˣҲ֪һ㣬֪֪Щ黹Ҫȷһµġ
ҲҪ֪ģǺҪ֪ΪǶһĿģǾǸ㵽顣
ˣЩһǵˣֻҪԼһ˿סԼĶѣҪҪĻԼڸӷ飬װɣ
˵ʮֵƽôҶ׵ˡ
Ƕ֪ʲôǵ黹Щء
Ҫ֪һκεѡǶпܻᵼеĶ
ⲻҪģֻҪԼĶѡ
û뵽ңҪ֪ҿһֱǵĺð
ĵ˵ȴôƽ
Ƕ֪ΪʲôҲû˵ʲôһų˵鲻Ҫ˵ˣ֪ˡ
ˣʲôҪ˵ȥȾơ
֪Ҳֻķ˼ˡ
ĻǶһ׹ˡ
ʱǶ֪һǶôţƺˡ
Ȼ˵ЩˣǴȻǺȾˡ
ʵϣһγ֮͸оһЩвͬı仯˵ģҲ֪ʲôΪ֪Լûʲôı䡣
ֻڵ˺涼һóǲ
û˿ˣڳֻҪֳʲô飬ҲûҲû˸ȥǳ
Ҫ֪ڳʵжôǿǲ˵Ǿͳı˵Ļһ棬ûһ˿Աġ
ҳǿĺ̨Ĵڣ˭ӵģǾϣǿԼı´ġ
˾һֱȾƣ˭֪˭ȵ£һҪȾƣΪѵĻᣬ涼ףпܾͻΪһεˡ
Ҫ֪鶼ڸı䣬ڵĵλڸı䣬ٻӱõĹϵǷǸطġ
һǴ֮䣬оϦǺ˵ĹϵҲʮֵĸӡ
һĻǵʱôҪѡԼӪˡ
ͲҪ˵Ҫ˵ǲһЦ
Ҫ֪ҶǱʱ򣬺ܶ˵Ҳ·ˣ鶼ҪһСʱ飬ֻһһ񶼿Եˡ
һپ֮󣬳ֱˣΪбҪȥԼ֪ԼҪʲô顣
ȻҲûа취飬ΪҪǲȥ飬ȻȥҪǵʱЩ飬ô찡
һֱһ飬ǾԼӪ
Ѿĵز걻˸ѣûбŪЩ˵ڻֵܵĳط
Ҳ֪Լһ˵ʵǲҪԼ𺣸ѾƴˣЩһӾͿ׷ģΪж˿
ٳûа취ҪǿԵĻǳ뱬ĸһ㡣
ʱ򣬳鶼ӵĸӣΪ£ǻᵼ鷳֡
ڶһ飬ǾԼʲô
Ҫ֪齨ԼӪĻǻֳһЩìܵģپԼڲпܻìܡ
˭ϴ飬ûа취ùȥġ
Ǹطô󣬳϶ҪǸطԼĵ̵ġ
ֳˣǻϴǱߣǻô밡
᲻ΪҪλʲôİ
ʮֵļ򵥡
Ҳ뵽˽£ҪСŮ˵Ļʮֵļ򵥵ˣҲ֪Լֻѡ
ʵ˶ǻãҲҪģһ飬ǾԼĻǸôأ
ԼҲûжѡ
ҲôˣΪչˣǸ˲˭Ǿˡ


533 
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Ǹ˵Ƕһ޹ؽҪˣǳȴ֪ˣ̬ȲǺʵģҪǶԷȵĻǿ϶ˡ
Ҫ֪ˣǶΪ˹ƴˣЩôܻΪôһСȥʲôأ
ҪĻǵʱ㶼пӵˡ
鵹ûʲôĥġ
ǸȥһƫƧķӵʱǸ˶ŷ˺ţҡ
ûǹ죬ǳȴ֪ʮֵģҪ֪طˣǶţƺˣ˭֪Щ˻᲻ᱻ˸ϰ
鲻֣ԽţƺˣԽпܻΪǿߵĴڡ
ȻҲͳûʲôϵһֱˡ
Űһֱط㣬ҪǲŵĻҵʱͻǰˣҲ֪ˣǶô˰ҲĲһ˰Ҫһ˰ΪʲôǾͲأΪʲôǾҪΪʲôһأ
ǸһӾһѵĻ˵ҪǳǿĻǳҪɵˣⶼʲô
ǰҲôһɵģ
ʱſš
ҿ飬Ǵ̼Ҳ֪ǻİŰȻôҵǵһ˵ôĻ
ŵ˿Ǹ˵Ǹʲôû˵ֻɫʮֵѿͶѾʮֵıˣڻ˵ôķϻĸо
ȴЦҪ֪ŷһ˵뷨Ҫ֪طô࣬ôҪһɵĸоɣ
ߡ
ǸֱӽȥˣǸŽȥ˵ƯˣҲ˵Ҫ˵ˣǺ׾ͱʲôìܵġ
Ϊط֪ʲô
֪˵ĵطнʱ˶ΪԼﶼǽȴǲ֪ڼ棬棬Ƕнġ
ǴģǿСģһģҪ棬ûб£ûа취ġ
λûм֪ʲôģԽһ𣿡
ոսȥ֮ǾʵˣʮֵҪ֪Ҫû˹Ļǳǻɣط᲻ᱻ׹˸ϵ
Ҫ֪׹˵ı¿ʮֵĴЩһһرı£ڸҵ˵ĺۼ
ȻȲ˶Ի˵˽⡣
ʵϣ˺͵˵ĹϵʮֵĸӣҪ֮ǰôѪսĻҲԱѶ˵
Ҷˡ
ֻǿϧ鶼ûʲôԳڶڵˣҪлͿԸɵˡ
һٶǰսڶ
ȻÿһҶ
ǵĺڶǺЩƴ˵ǲ˼ģǶ˵ȴʮ׵顣
ǳǸ˵
֪ǳ
Ҫʲôأ
ֻҪǲǱ˸ˣҪǱ˵ĻǾͿԽȥˡ
˵ĶԻǼ򵥣ȴʮֵĸӣûнȥ֮ǰǶѾһ飬ʲôطҵ
ʵϣǺвҪģ˭֪ʲô
ȻҲطɫ˭ҪҪǲĻǺ׾ͻᵼ֡
ֻ֮ȴǻһЩ䱸ʮǿֳʲô顣
˵ѵ飬ǲʲô飬ڳ˶ŬȥҲôˡ
ǱˣڻʲôҪģҪûеĻҾ׼ȥˡûжԶԷƣ鲻ܹʲôӵġ
ȥɡ
˿ų˵ż𾴡
ʵĶǱȽسģô˵ҲһӢۣҪûгĻھƶ֪ôˡ
ȻҲûô˵ڳûô˵ˡ
һȥΧǰʲôġ
طǾүפĵطˣطܣÿһ֮ǰȥȡĶ࣬ʵÿһҶĶֻǵı¸ߵͶѡһʲôƵĶǶҪ߾ȫΪǷܶΨһĿꡣ
Ǹų˿˵黹ôģҲ֪֣ʶԷڣԷûʲôˡ
ȴƳ˶Էһ˵ȴҪһ仰ĻǷʲôرĶأҪ֪ڴҶôǿ϶ʲôͬ
ҲֻҪ֪һЩҲ룬ҵǿʲôأ
ʮֵҪʲôˣǶҪ֪ҵĿҪ֪Ϊġ
ҪǹҶʲôҲ֪㻹ʲôְ
һ˵һֱ磬ǲˣҪǹĥʲôĻ϶ҪĥĸӺõġ
ûа취㣬Ҿֻһ仰ǵһλãҪ鶼ûа취֤ĻҲûʲô˵ˡǸ˿ų˵ôģĸоóʮֵĲ
Ҳ˵ˣΪҲ֪˲ô˵ˣȻǻŬȥȽϺá
һֱȥֻÿһطҪ飬ڶоԼִдɱһģЩˣԼԼ壬Ҫ
ôо鷳𣿡ڳЩʱǸų˵ҲǱ˸һűŽȥ
ȻһЩˣֻЩףΪʲôôһһֱŻʵġ
ĻǸȴ̲סЦʮֵļ򵥰Ҳ룬ж˻ᱻˣҪı˵ĻֻҪʲôɱĶȥǶûʲôΪġ
⻰˵赭дǳȴǸоˡ
˻ˣʲôôĮǻһ磬ûа취ܵˡ
ٳӶŵʱһģطûһ˵ģٳǸо֮ĶǺЩ˰
ֻܹ˵ЩˣһѾľˣûбµľ磬ûı°
̲סп˵ȴʮֵĸӣ˵ֻҪһ仰ʲôԸ𣿡
ǺǣģҲҪôࡣ
Ǹ˿ų˵ЦǳȴǸоԼ˺ÿˣ⵽ʲôⰡ
ֻҲûô˵ˣΪǶѾ뵽ˣǲ׵İ
ֻóоˡ
֮ŷӦǾطʲôûУ⵽ʲô
Ҫĵط𣿡
ûд
ôʲôûпģ
ΪҪүǻҪһ¡
Ǹų˿˵ȴЩ׵ˣǵʲô£Ҫֻ֪Ҫ;Ѱ
ҲǾү˼Ҫ֪ڵľǷ񻹻֮ǰһǸ˵ĻóûпˣȻǾ˼ǳᷴʲôġ
˳ʹҪС˵һ仰ǳ˼
Ǹ˿û֮ҲǺĵ˵ͷǷ˼


534 Ⱥɱ
ɲ֪ʲôҪ֪Ļһ䣺ëߡ
˽ĵطһʵһĵططǶ޳
طʲôðŶԷʵ
ֱӿԿǵı£Ҫǲ׵Ļͻ֪ˡ
Ǹ˿ųЦЦžͰһǰֱӳһͨ
طҪȥĵط𣿡ǸʵЩᷳˡ
ǵġǸ˿˵ûһ仯
ȴǿѯʵҿ֪𣿡
ԡǸȴҡҡͷ˵
һûֵ𣿡ЩΣ鶼ʲô飬ȻԸ
ԽҶܡ
Ǹ˺ţƺ˵Щʲôֵţƺأ
˼û£ǿڳһ֪ȥĵطȥˡ
˳߽ȥȴǿһطǾطЩĶ
ܶ͵ļһ֡
Ҫʲô
鶼ЩˣҪǸȥƴĻ˭֪ˣ
ʲôֱӿѯʵ
Ǻǣ鲻ѾóƷҪûб°ֱҪûĻû͵ʱиȥ˵ˡ
ܵĻóҪѪˣʲô
Ҫ֪ĻǺ׾ͻ˵ģҲǳı²ſܿס
ǳֻ꣬Ҫǰ̫ˣ֪ʲôˡ
ֻҪæһֱĻǳҿ϶ط϶ܶˣһʮҪȻĻôܻʲôЧأ
ãҽȥˡ˵ֱӸŽЩ棬Ϊûѡأֻܹˡ
ֻǵ֮ŷطĶһڰġ
ҿ֪ԼһʲôˣЩֱҪĴڡ
һڰĵطȻһͷͷҰޣЩһɫѾ˺ɫ
뵽Ҫںڰ֮еǵĻԼҪ֮صˣطǲ֮أô˵ԼıҲһЩطڹâĵط
ҪԵĶ𣿡ŶʵЩǺˣôû뵽Լطôһ
ֻʱ򣬶ȴЦ˵ʲôֵİҲ룬ʱ̣Ҫǲ㶫棬ΪҪʲôɣҾͿ㣬һֱɵǶûԣŪǡ
ܵĻﶼóоˣʲô
ǲô˵ҲǺˡ
ֻ£ЩһﶼˣΧҲѾסˡ
үѾ׼ˣЩһҲҪſˣֻĺ𣿡
ǺǣûʲôòõİôһҲŰɣһ֪жôĺá
үҪһĻûа취ȥ˵İ
˶ž˵Ƕʲô鷳飬ҪĸˣǵʱֻҪ鷳
鲻Ҫʣ˭֪үڳҪǵǰˣǾһ顣
үҲ֪ĺֿô
·ѡģڵĳѾûа취ѡ·飬ǾҪó֤Լɣ
ֻҪˣ鶼˵
Ҳһ㣬鶼ʮֵĸӡ
𡣡
һ֪սҪʼˣ֪սҪʱ䣬ǾͰ飬ȴôûа취ֹģֻܹƴսˡ
ЩϻʨʲôĶֱӳɱЩһٶʮֵĿ١
ܵҪһɵһͷϻǵ׼ȫֵʱͻȻӦԼ⼸컹ǽԼ̣ˡ
ҲֲóҪطҲ֪һ춼ô顣
Ҫ֪Ļǹƻӵķ˵
ڳɲ۷״̬֮УһɵˣǾǱİ
ֻûС飬Ƕ飬ǾǳԷӵʲô̶أ
ҲѾ֤飬ǾǳʵʮǿǿԼûа취֤
ɱ
ûа취һɱʱֻܹ˶Σֱˡ
ûдĶȫͬģΪľǸԼһܺõķӦ
ǿɵۣû뵽ô޳ܡ
ǺǣʱʲôİҪ֪һսʮֵǿҪǻôֵ֧Ļǿ϶һЩڳ˶װɣ
ûдúÿıְɣҸоڵ״̬Ծãſǲĸ
ҲǰҪǱĺܺõĻǵʱôԸӺõĶЩֻҪ¾͹ˣĺڴЩһֱӱǵʹðһֱôõģǵʱǾͲҪôˣҸҶĶ
ѧҶһĻ˵һֱҪһƷȥһЩһҪ֪ɲװ쵽ģҪ֪ǿһ㶼ǻúñΪľǱʲô飬ھȴΪֶӵԵʣֱóȥʵˡ
һûʲô׼£һҪǳɹ˵ĻǵʱЩ޶ǱɷһɵˣоǳһҲԼСֶΣԺ·Ӷõ֪ʲô̶ȡ
һֱ棬Ϊ֪ԼҲڿЩ
ûʲôĥģڱٶһֱǵ˶״̬
ɱ
𡣡
һһȺ޵ڶš
˫˾Ĳˡ
ȴ֪ڲǿʼ
˫һȭͷһצɱ
֪Լǿĳ̶ȣҪ֪ǿѾԸɵЩһˣڶԷƴʱ򣬳ȴһһצӸɵһͷҰޣǳԼôĸо
Ƕȴǿų˳ȣͻȻ뵽ҪǽŪԼԺԼߵǶôĺð
ҪΪطֻһЩ˶ѣҪ֪ǶǴӽ֮һЩͨ˽ģΪЩҲǷһЩֵˡ
Щֵıʮǿǿ󵽳Լȥǵĵز
˫ڿƣұ˴˶֪ҵôġ
ûʲôóɵĶƴЩѪںɵ״̬
飬ǶЩûа취ףʲô
ÿһ˶ôһǾǱĸҡ
ʱ򣬳ȴǸӵĺãǾԼ߱ǻᵼһЩӵĺá
ÿһ˶֪ѾڱˣһȭǴ˵ģһŶǴűĶ
ЩǿĲ˵ġ
ҲһֱڿЩ˫ôļ򵥣ô򵥵ĶǶһĶ
鶼Ƚϼ򵥣Ǿ飬ǻᵼʲô
顣
һͷϻֱӱɳȥˣҪ֪ϻûӰӵģ׼ȷ˵ǿ⣬Ϊһֱڿ񱼵״̬Ҫǳ۾õĻǶĴڡ
ڳ˵Ҳһս;ˣԼҲ֪Լ̫ˣԲŻ顣
ɱ


535 
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ܵ˵ĻǳǱ˶ûа취㶨Ķ
ʱ£ǿ϶ǶôĿֲˡ
ûʲôóɵģǾǴҶ֪
ʱ˶˿ֲһĻǾǳֿȭغüͷϻĴڣһ۷ˡ
ʮ֮󣬳ˣЩһǱˣȵĿų
ҲͻȻðһ仰ҲоԷ񣬸ղŶԷģڵǺãֱôһ񣬳ǻļһʲô顣
ĻȴǿųЦ㲻Ҫô࣬ҿһĺˣ飬ҶҪ˵ˣҺ飬Ҳ׵İɣ
ǺǣԼҪԼˣٺ˵Ҫҷϻô࣬ȥ塣֪Լʸȥˣ£ûжٸ˿ס
ȻÿһҲʮֵĽţô˵طҲ̶ѨһĴڣʹǾĵطҲ˭֪Щ˻᲻ž
Ҫ֪Щĵˣǿ̫ˡ
й֮ĺܶ࣬ΪʲôΪ̫ıˣ޹Ƕ˵ȴʮֵҪй֮Ļǿ϶ˡ
ʵϣҲһĥһЩ飬ǾԼ߻ʲôأ
ڴӽڣһ飬Ǿʲô
û˿׼ȷ߳飬ǳȴԼԲ²⵽һЩǾǱȽϺõɣ
ˡ
صĹؿ˾ǰ廹ôһģǳȴǸоˡ
ûдһָо֪嵽׾ʲô飬ʱ̾ˣ˶ûа취񶨵顣
ˡ
ǵġ
һθоʲô
忴ųϵѪʵڳ϶ѪЩҲûбǸղŸĶ
Ц˵ЩʮֵĲ
Ҳ׵ˡ忴ųҡҡͷ˵ǲǸоʮֲص
ô밡Ҫûо壬ڶ֪ءﻰһֱĸмүģǾүȴҡҡͷ
СǸмңҲԹ޵İɣҾͲĵһ㷴е鶼ûУҪ֪ҪȥЩطڹƶʮֵİɣ鶼ʮ֪ʲôԸ
ʵϳ̾Ϣһ˵Щ鶼ȥˣ壬Щûа취˵ˣҲ֪ˣһӣʲôطǶпܻΪҵĹֻҵЩֵˣĵЩ˰ˣУҲʲô飬Ϊ֪ҪҪĻҪܴĶĶʮбҪġ
Ļ˵˶Щûа취ˡ
ܵ˵鵹
⺢ӡҲ֪ô˵ˣ֪Լ˳˵ʵϣ㾭Ҳãÿһ˶Ҫģֻ˭Ķ࣬˭ٰˣԼҲ׵ĺܡ
ȴҡҡͷ˵طĺʱһֱΪһʮֺõģǾǸžߣһֱû뵽һҪɳôѸ٣ҲѾˣ֪ѾǲܹȥˣҪҵԼĶҲɣ
ǺǣȻĺܣʲôأҪ֪ڵʮֵļ򵥣Ҳʮֵĸӣ˶Ҫǲܹˡ
ĻЩ£֪˭Ҫ֪£ҪſԶԵԼ
Ҳʮֵļ򵥣ļ£ҲоĶ
˭ûʲô˵ģҲǸо
壬Ҫʲôֱ˵ɣһ㶨Щ飬ΪһֱʮģоЩҴˣʮֵĸл㣬ҪûĻҵЩѹѾ֪ûˡ
ǿ˵Ҳ֪жôΰˣĻȴþü˵СҪҼֵˣҲ˵ôķϻҪһطЩһʮֵķҪȥȥ֮󣬽ЩһҵȻŪˣ飬ҲҪ㴦
ŪЩһʲôǺ׹һɣҪĻҿûб£ʹҪҲҪˡǿ϶˵ûб£ֻ̫ˣԸûа취
ֻǾһ۾Ϳ⣬̲סЦ˵쵰һǲ֪ôдİͻǿԺŮ飬ҲҪԼĵ߲ǰɣ㿴ԼʲôղҾѾˣһһֱôһģûչֳʲô£ҵ۵ĺˡ
֪ʲôεĶǾʲôģǳȴûбֳģʮֵԵġ
顣
ҲЩɬĲǹģž˵Ҽ죬ҼͿԻָˡ
ҲǺ˵㼸ָ֮Ƿߵأ˵㣬ȻñȽĻǲһ㣬ҲãҿԵүˣðҼҲкˡ
Ļóһ㶣鲻ܰɣ
Ҫ֪Ȼкüʱ䣬ôɺϰ
ֻǳȴǲ֪ÿרȥҩ裬ΪľǸļһһϲֻľϲ̫ˣóЩûа취
ȴҲ飬һֱоһ飬ǾԼʲôġ
ڵ鶼ôһ
ȴǿų˵СӣʲôҪô࣬δʮֵĺá
̾Ϣһֿ˵Ҳ֪ҵʮֵĺãЩʱ뵽ЩǰҪ֮һֱΪԼһϴ󣬵ÿһȴΪ飬´Ҷôңûȥϴˣһȥºʣµֵܡ
飬ǲһ˿ġ
ǳȴǲ֪Ϊ飬ǱҲôƽˡ
ٸ𺣸ǵ鲻ôƽǶҪ֪׷ʲôˣΪʲôһ˻֮Ȼأ
Ҫ֪𺣸ȻҪģ˶ûа취⡣
ΪĻǸ𺣸һְ
ʵϣ˶֪һ飬ǾЩ˻һЩȨĻҪǾԼ
ÿһ˶ԼˣǸ𺣸Ҳ⣬ʮֵļ򵥣ʮֵĸӡ
û˿׼ȷ֪ʲô
𺣸һֱڵȴôһ򵥵顣
ȻЩԶˣھǰûа취ƽ
忴ų˵Сӣ֪ڸ飬˶Ѿעˣ׼ôְҪҪһĻһһȥΪ˵Ҫ㲻Ļʲôû˵
ĻĬҲ֪鲻ף˵ԣһģֻҺһ飬ǻԼֻҪ룬Ҿ


536 ƽ
һˣҲǿ˭ʲôġ
ڳЩ˶͡
һˡ
ˣȻ㶼˵ˣҸһʱ㣬֮뿪طΪ㻹Ҫ죬ЩһѾ޼ɵĵطôҪȥЩȥǺ׻طķģҪȥ
ûϸ˵̫͸ǳȴѾ֪ЩѾõˡ
ֻǳҲ֪ʲô飬Ҳյʱ̣ʲôá
ȻȥɣˣһСܵ㣬ҪҪȥͻȻ뵽͵ˣֻǸһҲǹִһֱҪҵǰݡ
һʵ˭
鵹ǳ˵ʲôЩĻһӾͿԷ𺣸ǲ뿪ġ
˶
ֻÿһ˶뵽ôһˡ
Ҳʮֵĸӡ
һжƽ֮󣬳ŷӦ鶼Ǻ顣
ƽطȥɡ
忴ų˵Ȼֱͳˡ
֮󣬾ЩȴЩˡ
үΪʲôҪ߰Ҫ֪ôı£ֱӽҵöðֱӿԵˣҾͳǣǶûʲô⣬Ҳ֪ˡ
ûдôǿһˣΪʲôͲܹΪأҪ֪һԸһĻЩ鶼Ǽ򵥵ĲˣҲԶһЩ˰Ƕĸоôһֱӱˡ
Щ˵û˼Ҫ֪˼ҾүѾΪطƴˣʲôóɵİ
һȺ˶ĵطǶ֪һЩʮֵѣȴû˶˵顣
Ļ嵭Ŀ˵ҶѾط̣ô꣬ǻָȫҶǰɣҸǣûʱôܹˣҪбµĻǾͻȥɡ
ǿ϶ԼһҪȥĻǳҲӦԱı£Ҫ֪Ļ֮У鶼Ǳ濴ôãڿڵôˣֻһŷ׻طģ˶ǿԼ˽
ֻҲ˶ˣʲôĴ˽İ
ҪˣҲˡ
ֻȴûа취˵׵ġ
Ҳġ
˶ĥġ
֮󣬶ܶѾųˣų˵ˣ
ϻҪڻߣ㻹ָطʲô
ϣطһִڵˣֻҪڣҵ鶼һӾͱ㶨Ҳ׵İɣܵĻó̲סЦˣЩ׵ʵЦʲô˵ûд
û𣿡ͻȻðһ仰Ҳ˵Ӿ
һ仰Ǻݶˡ
ܵû飬ֻǵ˵ԼѰһ㶼ǲôϵģΪһҺϵˣǲǶ鷳Ƕֻ֪Ϳˡ
һΪ˴ˣǳȴǺܷ飬Ҫ֪ʲô£ֻҪв£˶ҪԼĵġ
ˣһʮرˡ
лл˶˵ǵģһֱΪҪÿһ˽طˣĵûĴĻǸôΪҷأҲ֪ôģһҵ棬ʲô鶼ģľȴغ˺ü˷ʱ䣬Ҫǻ֮ǰĻҿ϶ڴһЩġ
ܵǲΪԼʲôҲΪԼʲôȷ顣
飬ȴǶߵмֵĺøˣΪôû뵽Ȼ˽Ҹڵһλˡ
ڴ˵ˣǶԹҵһֿ϶ֻҪļһǹҾͻһֱúõġ
ǲҪɵġ
û˻ɣǾһֱ硣
Ҫ֪ļһһֱڹ棬ܵҵӡ
ˣ˵ˣҲҪȥҵˣ֪ҵ𣿡ǿ϶ܻ֪ģֿ˵Ҫˣ漸һҪ飬Ҳ֪⵽ʲôȻı簡
ޡҲͻȻı˵㱯ʲôҲļһʲô硣
ļһҲΪ˹Ұ
Ҳǡ
ˣ˵Щϻˣ߰ɡ
á
˽̸һֱӳȥˣһγȥԹôϸˣҪ涼ԸʲôĻǵˡ
ֻǵܸʹƽߵʱ򣬳ǲܹƽСӾȻˣһطѰһʲô񰡣
һô˰ƽʵҲмּ˿ƽȴһü춼ûôģ
ϴ󡣡ƽûʲô֮ƽҲǸոյѣ𺣸˵߳˵飬Ҿ͹ˡ
ƽǱ߶ʮֵķæˣĳ֪ҪûʲôĻǿ϶һӾͻģǳȴûлǾ˵ļһһЩ飬϶ǳҪԵġ
һ֪Լô˵ˣĵʮֵĸж˵ûʲôҲʲôˣһӾͻָˣҪֱӸߵ𣿡
϶ˣ飬ҲѾСܴˣǶԺܺôҵ飬֮ǰҲǽǣЩһﶼһȺ׵ļһŲô顣
ǺǣҲãҪȻĻҶļһǱֳʲôء
ƽѾź飬ֻҪųˣ֪϶ȵ飬Щ鶼Ҫˡ
ֻǵ˵ʱ̣˵ʲô˼𣿡
еġ
˵˵
û뵽ƽ뵽飬Ҫ֪Լ֪Լʲô֪ԼåЩˡ
֪⼸ǺһŮһֻ˵ʲô⣬ںŮйϵЩŮֻǲƽˣҲ׵ˣʱһʲôĻǾǴӵˡ
ƽų˵Ҳû뵽ʲô
飬ҲԳŶԷ˵飬ҲǺ鰡ÿһ˶Լ·ߣҲҪǱԼ飬ҲͿˣ˵ˣȥԳԺȺȣЩܵĺܡ
ûϴ裬Ҫȥһ¡
ڳ飬ƽȻǲʲôģǸųˣȥһطȥһط
ʵϣڳǱߵȽϺãҲֳʲô£ƽֻǲĳ״̬ԲŹġ
á


537 鷳
ƽȥϴ˸裬ȻֱӴƽȥԶˡ
СӣĲط֪طѾĶˣҪҿԵĻҶҪߵˣֻǱߴôʱ䣬Ҹûа취һӾͻȥҪȻĻ˶ҡ
Щε̾Ϣ˵˶ֻǿĶ䣬ȴ֪ŬȴΪʲôĻƽȴһӾס˵ϴʲô
㻹֪Щ̫ˣҲûʲô˵ģһ㣬ǾǵĵһӾûˣһӾͿԷչӵĿ٣Ҳһ飬ǾһûѹƣǺʲôҲ֪˰ɣ
ǿ϶˵żֹ죬һֱ顣
ƽһӾסˡ
ɲʲô鰡ҪһɱȥǵǺ飬ΪǸʱѾԼıµˣΪ˰ĵ·Ҳûа취һӾ͸ףҪĻǺô찡ûпԼԼİɣ
ƽųʵǲ׵ʵ
鲻ƽǳ飬Ҫ֪ʮֵ鷳ֻҪûи㶨ĻǺǻһġ
Ѿڿǿǡ̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ֪ôǶһģûа취ô飬һֱΪǿģҷҸûа취飬Ҳ֪Ǻͳ̼ЩϵˣҲ봦ֻЩ˲ˡ
Ļʮֵļ򵥣ƽȴ˳Σô찡
Ҫ֪ЩȻģΪг϶ǵ±˴˶ûа취Ӵˡ
ƽȻ֪飬飬Ǹкܶ鷳
Ҷ֪ʲô飬ƽΪˡ
ǿߵ˶Զ
Ҳ֪ԼʮֵĸӣָƽһЩ顣
ƽˣھǲΪһǶҪʱװһ£Ϊʱ£鶼ѾһЩŤ鷢
û˿֪ô飬ôһֵĻ鶼ôı
ֿڽ飬ƽǳ׻ˣΪ֪ûжٺŶȴû뵽
ֻ鶼Ѿûа취ˡ
ƽĵҲãҲóˣ벻ʲô鶼ҪԼȥʵϳڶѾĥһ飬Ǿһ飬Ҫȥ
ڶʮֵһ飬Ǿʮֵļ򵥣ȴӵķֻǲ֪δġ
ּҵ˳ҵģ鲻Ҫɣּһҵָδأ
ʵϣһֱû뵽ôٻӱ˵Ҫ֮˶ѾˣȴǺٻӱĽϴˡ
ʲôأ
ƽҲ֪ĵģ鲻òĵģ֪Լˣܳı±˲֪١
ԼѾдˣҿΧĻˣҲ֪Ѿû˼עôˣҿ֪ľߵ
֪ô飬طǾǣôҪһЩϢԴģƽļһˡ
ԡƽҲ֪Լôų˵ϴĻҪھطһЩ𣿡
ǺǣôܻأҪ֪ļһҲҪԼģҪȻĻǺ׾ͱġ
δѣҲ֪Լʲô
ĻƽҲ׵ˣų˵ãһᴦãǻʲô𣿻ҪǱߵҲһЩˡ
鲻ҪֻҪһ仰û·ߵʱϣǸطԳΪ·ӣ˵ǿܻ쵽𣿡
֪ĶǻãѾôʱ䣬˭֪Щһı䵽ʲô̶Ȱ
ƽҲûпĲ˵ô࣬ΪЩˣ֪Щʲô˼֪𺣸һﵹһֱųģ鵹ǲѡЩˣȴѾûа취ˣΪǶѾ˳档
׼ȷ˵Ѿķչˡ
һ̶ϣ츣һˣʹڶûлȥЩųˣȴѾʼúõΪ顣
ļһһֱҪΪһˣһֱҪһһֱҪһ
ֻÿһ˶ôļ򵥰ˡ
ҲʮֵƽЩˣһֱһ飬ǾԼߵ£ǿܻٵĶ
ûʲô˵ġ
ҲѾߵԼҪһˡ
˵鶼ڿʼ
˺֮׼ȥǸոճſڣֱӱһ˸ײˡ
СӣǸʲôģ㾹ȻײңҹǸ
û뵽ԼոճײˣǱһ˵ЩϹˣҪô࣬Ҳײˡ
ĻҪˣ
ǺǣҪʲôɲһˣڵ鶼ʮֵƽ
Ǽ򵥣ҪǸ
ûд˵
ʱ㻹ʲôİ
СӣǿǴ
һȺ˶ų˵ЩóЩ²ˣ֪˭ıǸ飬Ҫ˭أ
ôǵ뷨ˣЩ˵ˣֻڳ˵ȴûʲôӰ죬ֻǿŶԷҪǶԷȥĻûǳҲԼҪ顣
ڳһصķӦЩȴû뵽ģôñŭİ
ҪǳҶ֣ǾһȺ˳֣Ȼ˽ɱ˾ǡ
ֻڵľѾԾˣҪĿŵĻֻһӾͱ˸Ū
ƳЩһһۣ֪Щһ˹鷳ˣڵ״̬ɲôĺãҪ֪⼸ûϢð
ƽǺõĺܣ⶯֡
Ϊһֱڵȴָ֪ɲ֮ģȻֱӱʱ̵ˡ
ֻǲ֪ʲôأ
ƽʮֵڴҪ֪ŪЩҪĴ۰ˡ
֮ƽȴһӾЩɵƵˣΪͲ֪Ҫʲô
ÿһ˶ôļ򵥣ȴôĸӣЩһһӾͱŵˡ
ûһ졣
ôֱӣһֱӱŵˡ
ҿʲô㾹ȻǣǲŹǵġ
ڵģ⵽ʲô
Ҫ𣿡
һȺ˶ڿųǶ֪ڵʮֵĸӣȴĿǡ
ǿ϶Լʱûʲôóɵġ
һжָƽ֮󣬴Ҷôһˡ
ȴǿŵˣҪ֪ʲô
ǺǣʱȻҪǳְ
ҪŰ
ֱӽСӸ͵ȥ
һȺ˶ų˵ǵ鶼ʮֵļ򵥣ǾŪ
Ūûʲôˡ
һֱӰǹ


538 ݱܷâ
û뵽ļһô񣬵Ƕ鵹Ǻܺ˵
ƽһһӾֱӱˡ
ʲôûУ˾Ѿﱬʮַ
ÿһ˶ûǵϳסӣǶµļһʮֵķġ
ֻǶ˵Ĳô򵥵顣
鶼ʮֵĸӣô˵ҲһбµˣôһЩС鷳ˣһӷŵһ֮󣬳ƽˡ
ϴ鵽ʲôôоЩһǳİһֱûǵ˭ɣ⼸һֱطţôҲһӾͱ˸ҵİЩ׵ˣǲ˹ǰ
ƽ鵹ĺǳȴҡҡͷ˵鲻ֹҲ¸㣬ҪŪңǾҪֱŪ֮ȻҾ鷳
ҲˣҪҪλĻǾҲֻǸ˵ͷҲСҲΪŻᵼôӵ֣ƽȴʲôû˵Ϊʲô֪
ֱӳԶˣڸôߣҲûа취֪顣
˴˵鶼ôļ򵥣ôĸӡ
Ҷôһ
ƽȥƵʱǾƵѾŵˡ
ûйȥֱˣһȺȴһӾͿǣûʲôֱһһɱ
ЩһֶʮײУҪֱŪ
û뵽Щһô޼ɵҪ֪طô˵ӽ°ڸ飬ǲҪ±˸֪
Ҳʮֵļ򵥣ҪбµĻһӾͿѹסģҶʲô
ԳЩܵ˵ĵطƽֱתˡ
˶ѾһӾױ˴˵˼ˣҶ֪ҪǲļһһɫԺ黹ܻ࣬ǾҪ֪飬ҲҪ㹻ǿʵſԣ飬ûа취ġ
ֻǵһж֮鶼Ѿôһˡ
ȴۣΪѾ˸ˣоЩ֮кһЩһﲻǻˣҲ֪ʲô£Ҳô飬Ϊ֪һ飬ǾԼʵٶȱһЩ
ֻҪЩһоˣҲȥôࡣ
ʮֵļ򵥣ǶЩȴûʲôýģѾеˣڵǸô飬Ǹ鷳ĺܡ
ֻڵҪʲôûа취ˣҲһıԼʵ˿Ķ²֪
ֻڳ˵ǵǼ򵥵ĺܣʮֵ״
飬ȴǲȥô࣬Ҷôһˡ
㶨ˡƽһµļһ˵ҪҪһ
ҲܹҪ֪˭֮ǾͻˣҪȻ˼һΪǡ
ҪǱʵ鶼ĻǸǻ
ҪǱʳ˭Ļһ鹹ļһǸ鷳ĺܡ
鲻ô鷳ǳԼҪǳоԼĻǾֱ飬ҪĻǾǱˡ
ɡǸͷ˵Сӣң˭ĵ㣬ȻҹĶ֣ҸѾˣҪ˵ĻҸһʹ죬Ҫǲ˵ĻҪһĻҿһˣҪ㲻ߵĻҿȫңҪı£Ҫ֪ҾȻ˵ˣǿ϶б顣
һ˵ǸȴһӾסˣôû뵽飬Ҫ֪ǿɲͿ˵ģϾһʮֲֿˡ
գǸ˿ų˵鲻ҪģҲǱ˸ȵģЩһֱǹָǵģҪǲطĻǵʱͻȥҲ׵ˣ޹İ
Ǻǣ޹飬Ҫûа취ţҲ֪жôٵˡ
һȺ˶̲ЦǶ֪϶ûа취ƭġ
ǾҪƭĸо
ǺǣǹͷҲΪ˭ˣҪҪΪЩһҲǻһģȻǶѾ˼ˣǾֱ·ˡ
ֱӷϵһ˵˲ǿǸ˲˳ۣҲûа취飬Ҫǲ飬Щ˶ô³Ļǳôطȥ
˶ųһηĸоǳҪġ
Ǻǣʱ㲻ýҪ֪ô˵ҲǱҸϵ˰˵ڳ˶Ǻһˣı£Ĳͨ˿еġ
Щû˿ƽȴǿų˵ϴɣҾͲЩһôõ
鵹Ҳ֪ʲôʱҪ֪ҳ³ֱӽǸϵ
ƽ˵ڵҲʮֵļ꣬ΪоԼûжʱԵȴˡ
Ȼˡƽų˵ЩĺܣĻ֮£Ҳûʲô˵ġ
һж㶨֮󣬳鿪ʼƽһֱڵһ飬ǾԼߵʲôġ
Ҳҵ̫ãΪһֱ֪һ飬ǾԼߵԼҪ⡣
ƽǱҲõ˳ҪϢǾһľٵģ֪ˣƽȴԼԼļһ֡
ֻôʱ飬˭֪
Ǹľٵ鵹ûжٸ֪
ǣͷЩ˻ȥˣǴŵ̵ȥһˣϾҪúõĿš
˭֪Ǻʲô
ɲʲôģҪȥǸط֮Ǻ׾Ϳ֪Ķ
ʵطҵĵطǾǽһʿĵط
ϴΪʲôҪطǳȥʱҲû֪ɣƽǲ׵ĿųʵĲ֪ʲôˣҪ֪ˣȥﶼûʲôģطʲôһ
ǺǡЦЦ˵ʮֵļ򵥣Ҳ֪ǷˣҿԸ㣬ôʱ˶ûа취ʲô飬ҪǱ˸ŵĻҲиĶ˵ģСһһֱڿǵ˭֪᲻ᱻݺʲôİҸӵˣЩ鶼ʲô֮ġ
Ҫ֪ȻѣȴҲûа취סôĶİ
ڳ飬ƽŷӦ˵ôһֱûĶֻ鶼ֻܹˡ
ҪȻĻǿ϶ֳʲôӵˣҶôһ뷨ֻǻԼô
û֪Ҳ֪Ҳֻǿһ·ѡ
ֻطŵʱ򣬳뵽ԼЩ飬Щȥֵܡ
ҲЩˡ
ط죬ųȥʱһƬƽ˾ʲôûзһǳȴ֪Ϊ
Ҫ֪ô飬һ㶯ûУ˵ԷѾ׼ãʱԸһˡ
ֱӴƽȥˣǴ飬ʲôûС


539 װƻɫ
ΪóǣȻӵһ˵ĵ绰Ǿٻӱĵ绰
֪ڵ𣿡
Ҳ֪
Ǻǣǲ֪˵ֻǲ֪ˣҸһѡңȥҶˣҪǲĻһжˡ
ܶôһ˼ǳȴѾˣҲǻĲ鶼һĻȴǿԱﲻһ˼
Ĵ𰸺ȷ˵ǸʧˣĲǺǸˣ㻹һõ˰ɣûʲôġ
ĻҲˣҪ֪ڿ飬תۼ䣬һָôһҪʲô
ڳ飬ٻӱѾдˣǵʱٻӱûа취ܡ
Ҳôĳء
ֻǴҶ֪õˣֻ飬Ҳûʲô˵
ϣҸŶԷ˵ֻ£Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
ֱӹҵ绰ˡ
ֻڹҵ绰֮ٻӱȴһӱˣҪ֪ôûһ֪ԼʲôˣȻһӾû˳
˵ʲô뷨
ΪԼһ
һֱӺһŮ˰ͷҪпܵĻٻӱףҪǳûа쵽ĻٻӱҪŪ˵ġ
ֻǲô룬鶼ôıˡ
û˿顣
ڳ˶֪ʲôˡ
һжôĸо
ʱҶôһֱ˵ĸо
ǲ֪ԼôˣҲʹָоǺôˣȴͻȻʧӰ٣ĸоʮܡ
ֻ˶ҪģҲֻһʼ滹飬ֵܵ鶼ѾˣǶһŮ˵飬Ҳһˡ
ѾˣԺأƽų˵ôû뵽ļһ飬Щ˱˵Ĺ°
Ҳã벻ô⡣
Ժ飬˭֪⼸׼ˣʱطغãҿطҸоЩһǱ߶֣ҲҪǱʵĹͨãǱߴֲҪȻĻ׾ͱġ
ƽ˵֪࣬Щ˵
Ĳôˡ
ȻҲһ飬ǾǸһôأ
ûŪԷ˼ЩȴѾںӵŪǸһˡ
ֻȴûа취˵ס
Ҷˣ˶飬ֻȴЩΰˡ
СӣҲ֪ҪʲôһҪ㣬ǾҪס죬ôҪҽһˡ
ʱ嶼绰ˣ˼ʮֵԣôҪסЩ飬Ҫˣ֪ʲô
ֱ˵طţֻҪҿ԰쵽飬Ҷȥ㶨Ҫûа취ģҲ취ǿ϶˵֪ԼǿҪ뿪طˣֻǲ֪ʲôʱſٶȻأ
ҪǻĻҲطҵ˵
о飬Ҳһεı˰ɣ
Ҳûô࣬ʱ£ĥٶ鶼һֱ˵顣
Ҵ˸ģԼ׼þͿˣǸطĹϵҲʮֵĸӣ˹ȥǶпܻ鷳
ĻóЩ׵ˣǼȻѾ˵ˣǳҲԼʲô
Ҷʲô
һжرİ
Ҫ
ľٵĵȴǳû뵽ģǵƽڳ緹ʱ򣬶ľͻȻڳԷĵط
ûţֱŽġ
ƽֱӴ˵ʲôֱ
򡣡
ľȴôˣһӾֱӶƽˣЩһﶼǸ֣ôỳɵģļһΪʲôأ
ô벻ףЩһҪĻҲǿҵණɣ
Ƕľ١ľٺŵҽܵǿŶԷ˵֪Ƕľ٣ʲô𣿡
Ǽ򵥣Ҫ㣬ҵŮá
һӽˮˡ
ЦĿŶľٵģһɱĿŶԷ˵ôҪ𣿡
ȻˡľȻҲӽˮļһ֮ǰҲԹҪս뵽ı£һӾϨ˼
ǵĻҪʲôһʵɰɣϴҪɱңҿɲǣ㲻ҪΪǶôˣҾһ仰㣬Ҳֻһͨˣڵı˼ʮֵǿ󡣡
ҲһˣھǿŶľ٣Ҫ֪һʲô顣
ֻܹ˵Ĳҵ˼ҪҪŪ㣬ʮ׵飬ҪȥĵطǶǺЩϵҲ顣
һӾˣһ϶д󱳾ˣֻʲôϵֻڿŶԷѡ
ǺǣЩҲҷϻīˣҾҪһ仰ĿʲôҪ֪ҵŮˣһطı䣬Ҫ㹻ֶΣûʲô˵ģʲôûеĻ㿴Ū㲻
ն˵ҪԼ˵ĻСӿ϶鷳ġ
鲻ǳ뿴ģֻܹԼҪ顣
뷨֮£ȴ̾Ϣһ
ľһ˧ˣȴǲļһų˵Ҫһʸ𣿲˵㣬ڸõİʲô֪Һ㲻һҺһô꣬ʲô֪Һᡣ
ľٵĻﶼóΪԼһӣҪ֪ǺЩ飬Ȼ֪ԭװĲƷˣôھ͸ôһģ
ڳŶľʵʲôˣ
Ǻǣʲôˣ㻹֪𣿸ʲôˡľٺװƵ˵ֻװƣ˶Щȥˣװĺ
û֪ҲûȥʲôģΪľٵװѾ¯ĵز
ôļ򵥡
ߣСӣסˣǴٿһţƺĴԼı£ȫǿ֮һܣ׵ˡ
Ǹ˿ųЦװƣǸһǳȴҡҡͷʲô֪ܵĶʲô
˵һ㣬ү֪ѵǿʲôϵǿǺʲôϵ
ĸ䣬öľһӾסˣô˹İɣ


540 ȥ
ľٻװƵʱ򣬳ȴֱһ仰ڵģ㵽ҪʲôҪҪţ͵ʬɣҪҪĶҲûбºᡣ
սˣû֪ʲôܵ˵ڿ˯ãû֪ʲôˡ
Ū
ľҲ˵ϻˣֻܹЩСܸɵˡ
Ҫ֪һֱʲôУ˵Ͷ̥ļҲ͵һֱûʲôۡ
ܵ˵ڶʱѾʼӵˡ
ɱƽ˵֪ԷʲôͷǶѾˣҲһЩ׼ˣʱҪ֪ʲôˡ
Ϊе㱾¾Ϳһ
Ҫ֪˭һ˵ģֻôıҲֻڿŶԷҪ֪ԼԱٶ
һȺ˶ûƽһʹмһƽĽղɲ˵˵ѵġ
һĻЩĺܡ
ڻŪֻΪ֪ƽ߳顣
Ȼƽûóʧڸ㶨Щһ֮󣬾ʣһľڵˣǾĿЩһҪ֪ľٻô
ҪǶľˣǾΪ׹ңҪǶľԲеĻǾûʲô˵ˣҶ飬ֻǵ֮ǻûа취˵ˡ
ľȴû뵽飬ֻǿ˸ɵˣΪԼҲᱻɵֱŪһǹ
ЦˣҪ֪ڿƵôһƵ㹻һЩˣиʱǿ˫ĵˡ
ҪõôҪˡ
ڳ˾ôһ鶼ôһС顣
һֱΪԼߵġ
ڳÿһ˶ôһܵ˵ô١
ʱ򣬴Ҷڵȴֻǲ֪ڵȴʲôҲڵȴ顣
顣
ǹջˡ
ĵȴЧǿϧһж飬ΪǸǹǶľ٣ǹҲ
˵Ǽֱǲ飬ȴôˡ
ڶ̲סпļһҲ֪Ǽô簮ģȻԲеĳ̶ȣѵͲ֪˼ƵĶ
ֻҲûʲô˵ģҪǶԷԲеĻǳҲЩ鷳ˡ
ֻڵ鷳ҲС飬֪Լ߿Ƶĳ
ϴ󣬸ôƽųʵڵ鵹мֵأΪ֪ղǸ˷Ǹ󣬿϶һͥġ
ʵϣҪЩ˾̶ôţƺģЩһͿǷˣһ˶ġ
ֻĻ֮£û˿˵ô顣
ڳ˶֪һ㣬ȴǲףʲôͷʱ򣬴Ҷôһ
һطɣҲˣֱȥͶĶһᴦãסˣʱԼһҪԼ
ƽ˵Ҳ֪ԶԷôʣʱҲûʲô취飬ҪĻǻ˶ʬȥǳ뿴ġ
ʵϾƽѾ׼ˣ֪϶Ҫ˰ģҪû˰Ļǿ϶ˡ
ֻ鿪ʼ֮󣬴Ҷôһ
Ѿĥˡ
ˣƵȴѾźˡ
˵طױɱĶһǹָûˣһƽԼġ
鶼Ѿ˸ˣȴЦſǣҪ֪һʱתĻǻأ
鲻Ҫ˵ʲôЩϷˡ
С㣬ղѾ֪ˣǸ˾ǳٻӱ棬һŮֱӳȥЩǱ˸סģЩһҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻǵ£Щ鶼ѾǺˡ
ͳʲôϵ𣿡
ΪŮ˵飬Ǹ˵Ϊ˸ȷãԸ⣬Ǿ͸ˡ
˭İ
Ҷ˵
ٻӱɫʮֵѿΪҲ֪ڵôãȴû뵽Ȼôһ
֪棬϶Ҫƴˣֳ鶼пܣ£ô
Щ鲻ֺ
Ҫֺ֪飬Ҳһֱ顣
ֻ£Ҷôһ飬ǾԼߵôı
һҲ֪ǷԹȥأ
ٻӱܵĵ뵽ͻȻ뵽Ǹ˵Ը˯Ů˶Ըʲô˼
Ů˵˼ʮѶˡ
ǿһкΪ֪ԼȽ⣬ЩҲҶô
ˣôҪнġ
ƽĿڹһģġ
˸𺣸ǱߵˣֱǱߵ˽ƵãԭһЩ˲ͬĶ
£ǵʱƾͻһӷתˡ
鵹ûдǿϧǣһ˵һʮֲֿ顣
Ҫ֪һЩ˽ȥ֮Ƕʮֵĺ£ûЩ飬Ƕƴ˵ǳȴۿŶԷ֪Щһﵽʲôˡ
ô鰡ܿų˵Щǲʹģǲ˲ܹطҪ֪Ҫ˱̬ġ
ô˵أ
Ҫ˵Ļǳûж֣Ҫ˵ûĻġ
ʲô˵ڳԷȻ˼Ҵһ˹ɱңҵֵܿȥΪҳ֣Ǹľȴֱӿǹˣֵһʱˣô򵥵顣
˵ĻһӾס¶ԣ
ûбˣҪ֪ܿɲųôļһΪҶӽˮ
Ҫ֪Ѿ׵ˡ
ȴЦ˵ʲôģôһѵ飬ջǿҵıΣΪȭͷûа취㶨ˡ
Ļö֪ܶô˵ˣǵһο˵˵ô赭дǺˣǻ
ֻǣҲûа취
ģҪ֪ʲô¡
ĺˣҲʲô鶼ԲУҲסŶԷЦֻһ˵ܵȴǸӵĻˡ
˲֪ʲôɫǶһֱоϣ϶֪ˡ
ˣһǻᵼ
Ҫ֪ʱǱȽеˣҪǳִĻǵʱҶûкý֣ɲҪġ
ȴѾ˵ˣԳֱһ仰ȥɣҲзִ磬ЩֵܵѪܹװ׵Ҳôһһ飬Ҳ׵ˣһֱұ˸ȴǲˡ
Ѿ˵ˣҲûʲôѡˣֻȴǲЩˣҶ֪鵽ΪʲôΪʲô¡
Ҫ֪ЩʱҶôһ飬ȥֱĻֲ֪Ǻá
һúõġôһ仰ֱӻȥˣڳƽѾѺȥ
ƽһط


541 
ϴʲôƽųʵǲʲôˣʲô鶼ѾˣҪ˵ô׻ҵĻǾͻ顣
Ǻǣʮֵļ򵥣ǾҪǵĺϷ£Ҳûʲô˵ģҲûʲôҵҪ֪ôǵĺϷĻʮֱֵӣ֪˶Ѿ׼жˡ
˵ǲ˯ǻҪ˯
ڵģС㲻֪ںó𣿡
ȥ
һȺ˶ֱӶƽͳˣЩһȻǱ˸ͽˣǵĿʮֵļ򵥣Ūˡ
ֻȴǲ֪ǳƽǶţƺôױ˸ɵ
ⲻֱӳˣЩΧˣһӾͱɵˣȴǼ򵥵ʰһ¼ϢΪ֪Щһֻǵһˡ
ƽǱߵǼһ㣬ΪЩһﶼͨˣһȭֳƽ˵ǼֱһجһĴڡ
ǺǡЩһЦǲ֪ʲôŰ
û˻شǣһڿǵˣҪ֪ʱʲô鶼УһеĻʮֵУЩ˶ҽˮ̫ˡ
ı˭Щ˶֪Ǹȥļһ˭ЩҲ֪ʱ£Բеļһûжٺýֵġ
ȴǿЩһ̲ס̾Ϣһ
Ѫ˲٣ǵ˵ġ
ƽųЦϴ󣬿ӵǲֻЩһ᲻Ķǳְ
ǺǣЩ˵ģҲǲ֪ЩһӾͲô򵥵ġҪЩҳֵĻҸҿ϶ЩһһӾͻ
ǿ϶˵мҲЩŭˡ
ս񣬲ǴǰڣẦ˭
ǳı¡
ֻ£Ҳô˭֪ô
Щһͻ⡣
ֻʱЩ˶Ѿˣ˶ֻҪóȻȥúô
鶼ĻҪû飬鶼֡
ȴҲ˭Ҷǳģ鲻֡
ֻʱ򣬳һֱоһ飬ǾԼأ
ԼûеΪ֪Լ߿Ըжôĸӡ
Ҫ֪Щ˿ǶڿųЩһһʮǿǱ
ҹˡ
һ˱ͽˡ
֣ȴûжʡ
طʮֵѹ֣һ˵ĺûС
ΪǶ֪ʱ׾ͻ˵ķ
˶ˣǿɲط˸ɵ
Ҫ֪ҪǳʤˣǻŶûʲôһ˸ʤˣǺ׾ͻֱȫ˸ڵġ
Ǻǣǲ֪Űһֱӽһôļ򵥣Ҫһ仰ЩһǲһĴڰ˵ֻĻȴû˻ӦƽȫעĿЩոսˡ
ʹƽ˵ȴҲòһ飬ǾǸոսˣı뺷һǱ뺷׵Ĵڡ
ȴûа취˵ô࣬ļһҪʲôأ
ʱЩһǶֺġ
һжôļ򵥣ǳȴǸоЩһֳ⡣
ʱ£û˻ʲôˡ
ʮӡΧ˵
ڵѾûˣеֻһȺӰӣǾǿطˡ
ֻЩ˶ҶԳ˵ʲôĺǱ۶֪ˣڳ˶̲סΪĺȲʣһӶûмţƺˡ
ɱ
Ҳ֪һ˺˵ģһƬȭͷֱӳƽȥˣߵǰȫ
ǺǣСӣǻڵģ֪СǰʲôоģΪһϴ󣬾Ȼûа취ԼСܣź飬ǻİɣ
⻹ֻһʼ㻹кܶŮǰɣЩŮҲǻһġ
û뵽Ů˻ôƯҪǸ缸ȥĻǹƻпܻŮˡ
һȺ˶ЦֻЦݴż
˫۶ˣΪѾЩҪˣһֱȥ飬ʱЩ˾ǵһ֮󣬳Ҳûʲô˵ģֻһ뷨Ǿɱ
Щ˿ŵʱ򣬳ȴǿƽ˵ְɣЩһǾͲҪˡ
ǡƽӦһ˲һɱ¶ˡ
ʲô
ôܻôǿϲԾ
Ĳһġ
˶ˣǿǿóƽļһжôķģҪûиĻǺ׾͸
ֻʱ£鶼
Ҳ˵ʲôΪ֪һ飬ǾԼߵʲôġ
ʮ֮طҲûжˣ˶ηĿųˡ
ǺǣʱʲôҪ˵𣿡˵ʮֵƽһֱôһͲЩ˻ʲô
ĻЩȴʲôû˵ˣǶ֪ǿˡ
飬ǻˣǷһȺ˵ƽȴǽ˵Ҳһ𺣸ǱҲñˣʱҾҪЩһ˭ùˡ
黹Ҫ𣿿϶ЩһﵹùˣҪǲùĻǻʲôóɵأ
۶֪𺣸ֶεˡ
ȻĵҲôǣҪǸ𺣸ѵĻǾ鷳ˡ
Ҫ֪һЩ˶Ը𺣸ʲôĻǺпܻ顣
Ļ
Ĳôŵġ
ֻ鶼˵һΪѾˡ
ڳ˶ˡ
ڶϣǱ˸ˣΪЩ鶼Ѿ̸ˣЭЭһЩսǸҪսˡ
ڵȴѾЩӣ֪϶˵ѾʵԼĿꡣ
óǣ𺣸ûбѣΪֵø˵顣
ƽȴǿų˵ϴ黹ûаҸоǹ񫰡ڵģô꣬һǵһμĽȥôֱ׳ĳİ
ǺǣʲôֵİЩһջǿסȻҪûںĻǺ׾ġ
ǿ϶˵ǼǵԼԵЩ飬˵ģֻǵ˵ʱȴе˼ģ
ÿһ˶ôһ̵飬Ǹȴһ
ȴһ飬ǾԼδ·Ǵȥأ
ԼôΪ̫ˡ
úδ飬ǲ֪ôߵˡǿ϶˵ֻȴ̲ס˼ĺ
ϴҪôߣǾôߣһֱĽŲƽôֱӣ֪ԼͲҪ˼ôĶ


542 
ƽĻȴҡҡͷ˵ǰ˵ģ⿴ȥ𴦡
ǲطĻΪ֪ЩһӾͻ֣һԱŵˣҲǺ£ڶѾûʲôΪ£˭֪᲻˸㶨£
˶֮طȴһ˵ȴһֱȥǶǾ¡
һֱо飬ҲЩơ
ϴǰˡƽͻȻ˵
˭̧ͷһʱͲ֪ô˵ˡ
ǰ棬ûдٻӱҲˣ⵽ʲô
ڵģЩˣǺôӰ
Ӷڽˮĸоˣ飬Ǳ硣
ô찡ƽ˵ʱԼѾôˣҪ֪ѾǸϵˣٻӱֳҪʲôأ
Ĳ֪ˡ
ʵϣúٻӱʮֵĹ졣
ôˣ
Ȼ˵ˡ
Ǻǣûйϵɣ
ôûйϵ
˶ڿŶԷȴǲȥˣ֪һȥĻѾûа취㶨ˣҪ֪Ů˶飬鷳ֻǻʮֵĶࡣ
ֻҪǱǶ֪ҪǹȥĻǿ϶飬ҪǲȥĻ鷳ֻǻˡ
ȴһ飬Ǿ£Ǹôأ
ϴǷȥҪ֪ЩһﶼѾţ˼ôŹģҲ룬ѾһˣڻһǱߣҲ֪Լôѡİɣ
ƽų˵ҪǴ˵ĻǺѡǾֱһ˾ͺõˣǴʵ˵Ļʮֵ鷳ˡ
û֪ôѡ
֮ΪˣǼʹΪиĶҪ֪һûˣǺ׾͸ġ
֪֮ƽѾ֪ôһˡ
ȴ̾Ϣһ˵֪Ҹôѡˡ
ͺá
ƽ˵ҪˣΪ֪϶սֵģôܻһۼûа
ڳ˶ǳصļһǿ϶һЩ߰ġȴǿŶԷ˵鲻ҪôˣҾѾˡ

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˶ų˵ֻٻӱ˵ģһ˵ġ
£Ҷ顣
ûʲôóɵˡ
ʱ򣬴ҵ鶼ôļꡣ
ȴһ飬ǾԼߵʲôİ
վԭؿЩŮ˹ˡ
Ů˶ֱӵǰ
ҶѾ˵ٴβҪ㻹ô嶯ٻӱų˵һԼɷ򲻸嶯һȴЩ±ˡ
ȿȣҲûйϵɣҴϵˣҲҪôˣúõĽİţȥװɣ氮ġȴֱһ仰һӾٻӱ֪ô˵ˣûмô΢ļһҪʲôأ
ֻ˶֪˾ֻһһǰ
ֻҪ˸ˣǳͿԱǸߵˡ
Ҫ˵ôˣǶҪȥԶˡ˵ֻżꡣ
Ļȴǲ֪ô˵ˡ
ãߣȥԷˡҲطߴߴˡ
ֻҪȥ˭ĳӣǵЩ׵ˡ
ʮֵѴǳȴ˵ãȥĳɣǸطϤ
áһӾЦˣٻӱȴһ֪ٻӱļһʲôоĲܣǲ飬Ǻʲôϵ
һӾȥҵطԶˣԶʱҶôһģȴǻȻˣΪʮֵĶ
һֱͷβûл˵ǳȴ֪Ů˶ĻҪ˵
ʵϣ˳ڵ̶ȣ鶼ѾԵø졣
һֱЩףŮ˵ʲôأ
ԺԲҪô嶯𣿲ʲô˶ɱҲʲô˶ϵġգٻӱȿˣĻǳȥˡ
Ǻǣȷ𣿡ÿٻӱЦЦ˵ûнʱҺϴأ㲻ңʲôңһֱֻǿż棬һʧȥͥʲôûУĿɱ֮Ҳᣬһʧȥ֮ͥҵδӵǿԼһжǿԼģڶԼ֧֣ԼֵҲ󡣡
õĻһӾٻӱҪˣҪ֪ٻӱǲģʱǲ֪Լôˡ
ȴ֪Ů˵ìĲСҪʲô
ٻӱһʵҶ˵ģôأҪ˱˸ˣûʲô˵ģȴôߣҲ׵ˣҵ˼ҹ룬ʲô֮һ㶼鶼ûУ˵ʶûж٣Լ˵ʲô
ٻӱĻһ˵ʱЩƿԵĸоȴ̾Ϣһ˵ұһ㣬ǾҶҲĺӣûУҪĺӣҲʲôȴǲһһǱʲôĻ飬֪˵Ƿأ
òϣ˵ʮȷҪ֪ٻӱǸܵеĸоּѾôһ˼ǾǲܹͳʲôϵˣҪеĻǾͽϾɱˡ
Щ񣬵ǸȴǶڳѡġ
ҲԼѡ
ЩĵˣΪͲ֪Լʲô飬ôҪô飬ǲôҪġ
ҶطҲûʲôѡ
Ѿûбصˡ
ںǶֻѣҪҪ飬ԡҲһӣôҪġ
ĻЩ˶ʱͲˣǶ֪ڵʲôġ
գ黹ǲɢˣֻǳˣٻӱǿųıӰЩį
ǲģΪʲô
Ҫ֪һֱͳһġ
ôһӾͱˣ
Ĳ֪ʲô
ֻ£Ҳʮֵء
ÿһ˶ôһ
ָ֮һжڻ
ֺ˻һϣһϣͱ˸ߣ߳ǾˣһξͲʵʲôˣֱóȥ̸ˡ
ȥǱҲûʲôֻǽһµǾȥһЩ飬飬ǶΪɨƽ
Щ޷ļһһӾͱʰĸɸɾˡ
ڴҶ֪Щܹˡ
֮û飬ǾΪʲôûһֱڹ֮нС


543 
ڻϣķ羰ԼҲһµĳУ׼һ飬Ϊ˱ģΪ֮ǰӦ˵һ£ҲƯ
ԭǸ˳Уʵ֮ǰѾ˵طرĻңԼ浹ЩģԼѾôˣֺαȥЩеûأ
˵ڻϣжʱЩú˼ԼΪߵĻȻͲҪЩһϾԼҪһͨˣԼҪЩͨһ˫·ȻҲҪƽʱԷ
ͻȻ֮ϱһЩﳳ֣÷羰Ȼһ£һ˯þϾԼ̳ᣬģȷʵӲᣬ֮͸һС
ԣرϲµģȥ׷ʲô鲻һҲҪǸģʱͱˣԭǰǱΣһ󺺣Źһ̫̫
̫̫ﱧԼĿӣӿȥӦþõֳɼ˻ʢĿӣ֪ΪʲôѵװʲôҪĶ
̫̫ﴷԼﻤӣ˾Ҳ֣ǱϾʵ̫ɶˣ˼ҶѾôˣӹǣﾭܵȭͷȥ;۵ġ
ȻԱߵĳҲ￴һߵ˲˵ȴرߣЩأѵЩһ۸̫̫
ϸ룬ϾԼҲǵһεˣѾЩЩ£ԼƵȴԱߵЩˣЩСӣȻϳ֡
ֻŪԼֻ·ԼֻĶǰŹ̫̫龰ӵ˼Щ˾ȻƵȻ󷢵ȦȥЩôܹôɶأ
ȣҲӶԴһ˼ѽԼƣΪʲô̫̫ôˣ˿ȥӦòʶ̫̫ŵľҲǺԶģο󺺡
ȷʵûбҪôһ˼һʶ̫̫ȥǸرʵرˣ񼸸ŹԼ̫̫رۣȴһҿԣ˿ž;رۣԼ˿һ鷢ġ
ִ࣬Ǵ¸ԼûйϵĻͲģΪ˾ռߣԽû˹ܣЩ˵ļһ͸ӵ޷죬ǰ󺺲
ΪΧ۵̫ˣǸǵһţһߴ̫̫ﻹһֵġ
Ϊ޷ܣԱһ긾ŮȻȰܣֻ긾Ů̫̫ǰ棬ӲİһȭͷΪͻȻվһˣһӣ֪룬ȴһֻȻ
ȻŮˣûĵԼ˫üۣһﱾþرĳªԼ۾ɵô󣬷Եøӵĳ񲻿ˣһЩڳУرķиŻ£ǰ˵ţһʱ޷ȥΪ˰⼸ˣԼӲ׼ȥϾԼѾµº롣
긾ŮȻ򱧲ƽҲҪԼûͨղŵĴѾóŮӦҲһ޸֮ˣֻʵǿȥˣԲվæɷˣأ
϶ŮҲǲŹģŮ˳ԿЩǰֻûгֻ֣鵽׻ᷢչʲôӣ浹ЩҲЩʵġ
˵˭Ͻҹղû̫̫ȻҰǸҵĿӣļ඼ˣҪ֪ҵĿӣǿӵģһҺöǮ̫̫ȻܱԼӣֱ
˵󺺱׼һƴ̫̫ϣ긾Ůȴֱ̫̫һʵ̫ˣǸ긾ŮʱЩȴǵŸۣ󺺶
Լ˫ֽ̫̫̻û˵˵ô£˼̫̫Ǹˣ˼ҶѾôˣ㵽ôûˣûϵʱ򣬵ϵʱҪӶ㣬ҲӦ뵽ʱô죿˵˴ˣʵڿҲųֹġ
һóرаοϣǺģȻҲرĿ̫̫̫̫ǱЩ֪Ǻˣֻ
Ů˵Ļ֮е˿οŮˣ˵Լ밤ǣˣʱǸŮҲŹԼľˣԱߵЩ˱ҲĮĿţ긾ŮĻһ֮ģʱʼ׷ָ
󺺻رͣЩһЦ֮͸ӵˣʱ긾Ů·ݺݵ˦һߣȻݺݵߵ̫̫ߣӱ׼̫̫Щȫˤڵϣû뵽̫̫ȻΪЩ
ϧԼȻ󺺳˹ݺݵҧ󺺵ȣ󺺱ҧˣʱһŰ̫̫ߵԱߣȻ׼ЩˤڵϣǴҶǰθˡ
ûһ˸ǰȥ¸Ǹ긾Ůһ³Ͼûкñ˶ΪɣΪȥˣ䵽һõĽҲΪʲôЩ˶Ըȥ£ǰѧ׷£Ȼǧţֻ˿ɹƭ
ҳһǵһǣҼÿӹһˣҲͲԸҪЩؤһǰװʮֿӣǵȵ֮žʹӵվǸȳȵȴֱܹͬĲȡǮơ
ʮֽسЦֿģȻ˿һ涼رߣԺؤҲԸʩԼͬģΪԼİĵ̤˭ǲԸģǰرĿ࣬Ҳһװ˵ĸͷ˭Ҹļһǲ
Եȵ׼Щˤڵϵʱȴûһ죬ҵϻǸɸɾģԭЩʢŵĿӣһڳУһûд飬Ǹ̫̫رοԭ̫̫𳵲Ϊ˱ģΪȥԼӡ
Լ϶СѧԼǸĶӣߣ˶Ĳ֮⼸ʲôɣԼĶϱÿ춼ҪܵӵĶԼҲԲʲôӪĶ̫̫ÿ춼˻𳵣Լ³Щȫõ
ȻԼЩӳԣû뵽;ȴǲСİ˹󺺵Ŀȶʱ󺺸Ǽˣˣŷ֮ǰ飬ʵ˵󲻴˵СҲСҲֻ̫̫СĶѣ˼ҶѾôˣиȽŲɡ
ҲЩµϲС±ǰ󺺾ǣԭҲǸոմӶĳ˲ٵǮ׼𳵻ؼң鲻õԼ̫̫һʱ֮ŭȫˣԼֲ
պ̫̫ײԼǹ붼ûһֱӶ̫̫ȭߣ֮ǰԼǮǹŭȫ˳붼˾ʮֵĿɶôأ


544 ¸ĸ
ݺݵصһĴ󺺣Ȼߵ̫̫ߣһ𼦵̫̫̫̫֮ˬˣ𼦵ûˡ
ԼӽɾûӪƷˣҪ֪СӣǿǳʱûжǿҵģȻˣԼβ֪ԼǸӣÿ춼ĶģԼϱÿ춼Ҫ⵽
Լ̫̫˶ÿ춼ҪҿԼһĸףȻĻҲᱻһ٣û뵽ԼĶûбԼڻñ˸ˡ
뵽;رίѹԼⱲ帣ˣǸԼӳԿ࣬СͰԼӸԭ̫̫ϹѾˣһѸԼĺӸˡ
ǮԼĶ棬Ȼһ׷ӣָҵһȵĹ룬ԼӾôĲԼ˵ʲôҲ֪ѧ˶ĲĲϰߣʱԼļҲȫĽȥˣ׼ѷѺȥ
ҿ̫̫ԱȰ裬ûаɣΪ֤̫̫ǸĶһֱ뷽跨Ҫ֤õ֣ȻֻϣԽ֤
Ȼ󽫷ӸˣȥһģʱǰģȫûϾĹģԽͶ룬ֻԼݽȥʱӵĺڣں֮мͶ룬ж˾ΪĲҵˣ̫̫ҲرģǶԼĶϱӣܵκεĿࡣ
ǱϾԼˣÿ𳵣嶼رܲˣûа취ʱӲ򲻵ֻ̫̫ڳһһֱȻһֱȥֻΪԼӿԳһȺļ
ͻȻ֮ðôһ£ʱǰ󺺾ͲˣЩһﵽô£ΪʲôҪܱ˼ҵأ˵̫̫Ƿᣬȡ˵ͬ飬ԼǮ뿴˲˳ۣǹײ
Ǳߵߣʹĳסڣû˵һȻңҿǲˣмϿҹڵϵǸүүһ㣬үүҽ챾Ǯģǻһһҡ
˵׼ϵϣϾԼӴ󣬶ҿųüĿģͲһģҳԼô࣬߸ΪԼϾռ˱ˣǿˣôǿʩһ취ܹ˸ĥȥ
ֻ߸ҪѳݺݵվڵϣȴԾûгɹҪ֪ϵǿҪҪ󣬿ɲһܹ˵ģԼһڵϣǿһ飬ԼŵȻ䣬Ҫ࣬Ҳͨ˵Щ취Կ˵ô
Լĳ֣ʱ˶Ҫ⵽һЩѹƣֻﵭĳ߸ЦţҲƣСӵô£
ΪʲôԼʹ˳̵ľһȶأѲΪһʲô칦ܣҲֵģһĻЩֵĹӦóˣôܻԼ췴ôãԽԽòԾ
ֻԱߵ˶ţԼӶߵǿǶˣԼ𳵣ҲҪһʱģѵʱһֱεԼԲ鷢뵽֮
󺺾ȻԼĿڴֱͳһѵɵֱ׼ĴȲȥȻܹȥôͰȸ㿳ϣ㻹ҲҼ人ӣװţģȻ黹û꣬󺺵־ѾĸԸ졣
¸ղǸ󺺵ĸ첲ǷϵˣԱߵøҲǸˬ죬Ķ˾Ӧ⵽ıϾѾˣЩҲѾóǰСˣҲСӣҲеȸɣȴرƯ
ԭղڰסǸʢмӵʱԱߵ˾Ѿˣٶȣǿɲһܹеģ˲ͰӸǸѹ֪ඣ
Ͽҵĸ첲ҷˣԺҲˣҽʵҲĻ£ֻǮǸɵϴҪҸ˵ҸôأһǼһһѽʵڶԲĲǹģ
ΪıŪʹˣ󺺾Ȼ󺺵ĻʵֳЩ⡣
Ҳǣʲô˳ĵ飬һҲһ̫̫һʶҲˣԹ˭
ֻܹһʵ̫ˣȥĲ˵ȻеǮȫˣְԼѺˣĲ棬ǿûʲôöģֻҪҶı˾͸Ҹġ
һ￴ҪˣԭһڰԼĳȥ֮󣬾ȻѡܣǰǸĳϴˣǸĳϴкè󺺻ΪԼܹѣû뵽èʹż֡
͵͵ĸڳϣʱηʱһӵֱӳ󺺵ǰǰѴ󺺸ˣèҲǸģûʲôΪѳ
ֻǳųЦЦ˵ֵܹȻǸģղĹҲˣȤĻԵǶĳǶĳȱأʿһҪһһ˫Ҫһ˫
⻰˵ĳһһ㶵ģԼղˣʱζԼĻҲôɣ˸ץסҸղҲˣ󺺿ڿ˵ǰԼĳȥˣ˵ĻԼǰè󺺵ûˡ
ǾԲеģ󺺶ɶҲﲻģǸղԼ󺺵ָšˣҲͰˣҲǸһһ˵̫̫һèȥԲʡ͵ĵơ
˵ѾԼΪرˣȴܹ۾ĳôͿèǸɫ࣬Ѿ֪Ⱦָ˶˵Ѫǰ󺺴ȥĻ󺺾ûлĿˡ
뵽ǵһܹè󺺸ߣҪĻԼˣԼ˵Ҫ̫̫ͷҲҪ󺺵Ϊѽҳϸèߵ⼸Сܣǻһ󵶡
˵ôܹܵأ͵͵ģ˵ЩǲĶĳѾ˵ˣֵطɱ˲գۣ˵Īʧˡ
Ҳɵֵطȴû˸˵һĳ˻ϾĳǸϵģԼΪ˵鵱صһЩ飬Լ˵һʲôţǲ֪ʲô֣̽һ¡


545 
ֻèԼߵСָͷЩСܶʱ˹ȥֱӰ󺺰ڵϣŵԱߵ˸Ͻȥ˽ЩСֱӶȭߡ
ǸгϵԱҪȰȴèСܸԱȥˣʱԱҲ鲻ԼܹϽģ˱ֱȥߵʱȻԼСݵŸˣѪԼϡ
ԼҲʶ飬ȻĻҲĺ¸־壬ͻȻ֮䣬èЩСܹȻͳ֮ǰЩֱӳ󺺱ӿ˹Ȼİ󺺼ܵ˺èǰ
ļһȻҴߣϹĹۣҪ֪ĳ˵һģ㽫ˣôҪԸķ䣬֮ǰ˵һǾǴãѾ̽ˣΪҵһ˼ңʱȫȡģüǮҲиãҽΪ˰ȫȡߣĺˣҲҩģȻҲֵΪҩ֮ЩٿɾͲֵǮˣ
Щ˵֮󣬺èƣʱԱ߳һ״ӵˣͨװ磬ԿóһӦǴҽԺģֻЩ⣬ϻһЩ֣Ҽˡ
ԭЩĳˣȷʵأҪ֪һǿԵֵʮǮ󺺵ʱΪʮǮŰԼ˰ɡ
ڿȥǾԵĺڣûҩģȻĵʲôˣԼˣ
ǾҹʱèҲóʱһǩֻѺĵӣ¾Ҳֻ˵ΣȻЩˣ֮ȥЩ˵࣬٣ΪȥǮ˲̵飬һġ
ֻǶĳʲôûмڵʱҲڶĳֱӶֿŵģǿǵǣϾĳжĳĹأЩͨ˲ܹ׵ģܹģΪڳУĲǸôͳЩΪ׬ǮĹߣЩ˵ʲô
ѵΪЩ׬ǮͲϧԼҪ֪Ĺͨʮľ䣬˭֪Щ˶ڶĳǧЩһȥĲ
һЩһȳʣȻЩһӮˣЩһϼ䣬뵽һΣΪѾͷȻҲͲˣֻŰԼıԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬Ҳ군ˡ
ۿҽԽԽˣҲŵòУûа취˭ԼôϲĲԼĽȥˡ
˵èϴͷҰɣԺҲˣ֪ζҵĴǱϾҵʱҲ˵˵ĻЩǮģʱǮ֮һỹģǧҪԴϾҲȱЩǮ˵ˣһԺһỹġ
Ǹ󺺿ȥ֪ˣԺҲǲˡ
Ǻèôܻ˻أֻЦ˵˵Сϵѽʵûа취˭ͰԼʱأԹñֻܹԼʱǿǩֻѺҲǩֻѺѽⲻԹˣֻܹԼʵ̫̰ˣʵЩǮ֮ҲͰˣΪʲôҪǩ״
ԭʱ󺺸ͿԲøèǩʲô״û뵽ʱ˵ǩ״֮󣬱ԼĶעɱӣΪ̰СˣԻǰ״ǮˣһĻԼ㳹èĵЩ
èô˵֮󣬶ʱǰĴ󺺾޻˵ˣԭԼʱȷʵΪ˱ˣԲŻӣڷǰԼˣʵǲ֪ˣȻүԼûˡ
ôԼҲֻܹˣû뵽´ӵҽ׼嵽󺺶ʱ򣬶ʱȴһָֻǱˣǳԭղѾˣȷʵԼйϵ
ԼܹĿһӱЩ˸˵֮ǰĲȷʵ󺺲ԣǱϾҲܵЩ˵ɱΣղŵǴЩѾóõһƭ֣֮ȫƭ
ΪèóһϵеĻѻе˼ţҲòͬһĻο֮ǰԼǸ󺺷˳ͻҲᵼ󺺱Щ˸ץסԼҲӦøȵΣ¼ȻѾЩ˸ץˣۿҪЩ˸ȻԼһҪˡ
Լ˵Ҳѧ˲Ҫ£ԼǸУͲԼԼҲ޿κΣֻðԭίһ£·ƽһ˵ʱͳ֡
һγǵˣǿЩˣԭè͸֮ǰ˵ǸţʲôϷ磬ѾγһˣֻĳҪŻѣȻôţèȻҲͲúԼ飬ҲΪʲôèܹڻֱĿŵץ˵Եʣǵô˵棿
ֱӰ󺺵֮ĶȫڳΪèԼ˳ǣҲҸϷԣȻˣ컹ǿ飬ǾҲЩ޿κΡ
˵λѣûκιϵȰ㻹ǲҪǣȻĻʱ򽦵ԼѪɾͲˣο֮ǩ״ģҲаѱϣȻôܸﶯأ鶼ҪһܹңҲ֪ģôһ࣬ǵˣĳΪ壬ϣϷϡ
ȻտʼʱèоЩģΪǻֵʱһߣ֮죬ֱԼЩСܶҪ϶ٱ
ȻˣԼҲģԼô֣ҲҪʲôϷ磬ƶĹء
΢΢ЦЦγֲƽӵĺðˣ׻˵ĺã̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬱Լ̽Ϸ磬񷴵ǺðˣȻèϵ
èЩ֮󣬱㳯ߵҽæ˵ͷҽϿ춯֣ʡõʱֳһЩԼɲԸԼСܸڷһЩϾԼ˵ЩߵѾᶼֵ÷зģҲɣϾԼһ״
ܹ˳ȡһ٣ȻˣԼҲһԺԼĶĳǧҪඣȻĻøдһ֮ء
û뵽ҽ׼󺺵ĶȴһαץסݺݵһԣְƵԼ󣬸ղǸ۸̫̫Ȼ嵲ס󺺣Щ˻һﲻ󺺸жʹ顣
˵̣ղŶҵĴʵǲӦӶ㣬ҾͲǸҸղȷʵ̫ջˣԲŻӵģǰҲˣǶԲ𣬶Բû뵽ȻԵ±Թλһлˡ


546 ͷ
Щ˿ҪΪһͷʱèʱ㰴಻סˣϾԼĵ̣һʲôȻοԼѾ˵ˣһ͡
֮ǰ˵˵Ĺ򲻵ͣҲ㣬ҲҰϾ״ģ¶ҪЩˣһǷǵĶѵȥ𣿡
èߵ˳ǰ¶˶ݺݵӣȻһοһȦףȻ˵Լʵ˵ġ
ǼȻһѾԼȵݶϣԼҲûбҪװŲ֪ӣοЩ˵ĻҲΪʡЩڵȥҶĲʱɾͲˡ
οģЩ˾ָЩ˵⣬Ҫ˵Ȼ춨ԼеĲƸѵƸľôҪ
ǶЩ˵ѾһҲͲˣΪʲôҪкô޹أҪ֪Ǵӳ˫۾Ѿóèϱ˵Ѫ²֪ɱ˶ٵˡ
ҳҲѾνĶĳǽţȻƭˣٽˣװ׵ıƭȴ޴߿࣬ЩãǱǮƣЩ˾ʵ̫ƴ
Щһǩ״ϣԼԼǰͶȥ룬ȫֻϧշ˺ԼϾ״ֶЩˣҲ˵ϻⱾԼ顣
طԼԼ˵㣬Լˣʲô취𣿸οЩʵ̫Լ˸ĸˣϾԼֻԼģҲЩ˵ģԳƲˣȴƫƫ־󺺣Ϊ󺺿ȥҲر𻵵ˡ
ֻǲҴǰˣĳѾӺ˶ٵˣΪҲֻ֪ΪնŰЩϲĲȫƭ˽ȥһȻ͵ʮ򣬿ǰ˵ٶȡ֮ȥļǮ²ֹĿɣǻǻˣʲôͿ԰ѱ˵ȡˣһܹ˵˳ǲòЩˣİ⣬ܹڣҲرֻǲǰ˸ߵģ
˵˵赭д·ĸԼûκιϵֻԼҪ󺺸ҲˣȻˣȫƲè
ǰѺèˣû뵽ԼˣȻˣèҲ֪һﱾǲܹǵģϾѾʶһһ˵ĿԼ
èеȻҲ޷ˣ˵Լ󺺵飬һҪǣ˵Լ״ģèһֱ飬Ȼʲô˶ˣ˱㳯ԼߵСܿһۡ
Ҳˣ˾Ȼ۸ǵĴ磬ѵľ;𣿸ϿȥҲҽ˭һ۸ǵͷϣҪ֪ôǿϷǵģʲôҪ£ֻҪֱǰͿˡ
Щ֮ԱߵСܶʱһӵϣ׼򵹡
ȻΪѾˣǶԸЩ˻СһʱӶԼ˫֣ȻɾһȫȭʱЩ˴ǸղװʮСܣߵľļһ԰ĸңȻ˳Ҳ˭ġ
ûа취ϾΪ˰󺺸ȳԶʱ㽫ЩèСֱӸèߣèеȻǲģ˱һʮֳذף˹һҲܿ־ͰԼ˰ɡ
˵ԼϻôˣӶܣȥĻʱԼèҪҪˣԼϷ磬Ϸ粻ԼҲϢȥʱ˼ҵˡ
糤һҪԼĹ뵽֮èҲذ˲˹ʱһ㣬ֱ˹ȥ·ԾɱһʶˣҲû뵽ȥʮӷ׵ļһȻ̬˵ӯֲܹΪĳϴ
ˢӵģȻĻ˼ôλĳ˵ѾʮˣһֱèѹţԴû˸£ȻˣʵҲһЩСҪѺèѹȥǴҶ˵ˣطϷ硣
Ǻèȴиз糤һֱǳֵܵģȻҲ㱣ϣÿèǮƣȥϷ糤ҲΪԼطҪıѰɣϸһ룬ҲģϾèﶼѾǸͷĿˡ
һͷĿȻҪȥ˽ȥȷʵЩ˼飬ҲԿóʲô糤ֽˣӦҲǸǵģοĺͷĿϷˣ֮ǰʱ
Ѿ̽ˣ֪һǿǻķˮ𣬼˲֪˲ֻҪ˰ŸʱЩ˶ŵߣȻԼͲа˵èҲˣԼһһᣬͷĿж
ֻèҪɱԼԼǲһģǱ㣬ʱһĵ˹ȥè㱩ףԾɲذ׳
ҲٸһʲôèèǱֱӳУһڵأְǰذȻܵèĲϣ֮дһЩ䡣
ǽ첻һɱˣҲҪһ֪֪Ժܹв˵һ㣬ļˣȥĳǩ״ʱһԼ׳ȥ˵Щ˰ٸγȻҽԺΥΪ˵Ҳʱ䲻ڷҲǺ˽ġ
ǾԲЩ壬ԼΪ޵ߣеѭèһ̫࣬ȵ±ӵĻ¾ԻܵӦ˵ˣԼҲչȥⱲӺ̫ˡ
ﻹȵõ±ܹܾĻȻҪǰˣϸĿ˿Աߵ󺺣һĺˣ֮еĿ־ҲԼװ⣬ҸղһȻǸ̫̫ǸˣԼЩοϾԼĸûаװ׸
ǵèҲĸԸģ˵ˣǰ֪жè¾ͣȻ˶ӵҲˣʬҲû˹ܵģҲҲģèǿ¡
ٸһλᣬҪټȡֵĻұ߽ٸͳô࣬ѵһڵ˼û𣿾Щ˸ǩ״Ǳ˵˵ģֲǸү
ۿذԼĲԽԽèסĻ׸ˣû뵽ԼҲʧǰʱǻƽȮˣĻһԸԼҪ֪죬ǹǶһ޶ġ


547 
ֹЩرľͨЩŶݼ֮Ҳǻһǵ֮ǰ׼һ÷󣬹è棬èʱһһҹȴԾûдǸط߳붼ú£ԭ졣
رϲоЩʲôéɽ֮ĶͨЩ⣬Ȼѧ͸һЩֻһЩƤëˣԸͨˣȻõɳǶԸˣС׼ס
ֻڳԼΪҲûаͷţ֪쵽ʲôͨ챾죿ܹ򶼸ռè˾Ȼ£ȻˣèԼĶ֣Ҳȥһֱ¡
ǲòʮģԼѾèԼһﲻ󺺸˵԰èֱӸɱԺȴԾɲܹΪèҲȷʵèԼ˵ġ
رӴ󣬱ţµʱèһһǮƣһͻͲõȥ󺺸ɱϾΪΪʳѾѧˡ
è֪ԼǲϵͷϴĻǰĳԲŹԼģҺúǰԼǼӲȥ¾ûкùӵģϸȻ󺺸ˣʱٰ
ʲô¸ԼϴֿԼڵôã֮ǰҲļһ᲻ģȻԼҲǲǵġ
ǸͲͬˣֻҪʳ㶫øӣ͵óױŵˣʱԼôǲԼ˵
ҲֻǰοԼˣǰԼͳ˳ĿϾǰٸóĻôҲʮĳǵԼĲ·òջ󺺡
ȻԼǩ״󺺳һͿأû뵽󺺾Ȼˣںò׷ϣֱĳôơ
ûа취һֻʹĵͷȻЩԿӣ˰ˣȻ㶼ˣֻôӦȻĻҽԴӶҪּˡ
̫Ȼ˺èĻǱ㽫èһߵһԣպõһվèæԼСȥˣϾϳ˴ȻлǾŹģԺԼš
ԼҪΪԼԼҲĳϴǿûܹԼƥУȴӱ裬οжٵˡ
к֪ܶèݣһᴫķзʱԼĳϴ󣬱һ˸Ϣ϶ȫýϵ֪ˣ˵ˣԼǱĵҲˣԼߵСܻôԼأ
οԼҲǺ֪ϢԼû꣬Լȥ죬ȻͼӴף鷢ͣʱ򲻾ͺðˣ˵һ˵
ϧ˸ӲʹֻҪ˵㻵⣬ȫȻͬ⣬Ȼ˺èҲǸ۶ģǰ֪ٴΣ
ȴǴû׹Ͼһ滹ΪèΪԼ룬οҲģèεģͲԼˣԼȻҪһĳˣÿμȥЩʲôг
һЩس֮ˣһЩڨֵЩˣҲرϤǼ֮Ҫͷģɼ컹㵽ڰͨˣںèһʮֵ޴ȴļıԽĻθӵĸߡ
Ϊˣû뵽ո˻𳵣֮ǰǸ̫̫ԼĶӣԼŻǸԼĶӣ˻վ̫̫û뵽ȴ֮ǰԼծ̫̫Ķӽй
û뵽ȻǷ˼ҵǮǣȷʵûǮȻҪԼ˵һǸծʱˣծǸûŵϹڼȻԸԼ˵Լ
ϹȻԸˣ׼ߣû뵽ȴ̫̫ų˹ԼŵʱŶʱ󺰴УϣԼſԾȻԼ
ȻĻҪϹˣԼѹûͬǸСӿԼ豻˸ߵʱ򣬶ʱĿҲǰԼ̸ˡ
̫̫㼱æʱ㿴ǰ׷ʲô飿ʱԼĶִֵģȴݺݵƵڵϣҲرĲͷԭ֮ԵվԼĸףΪ˱ġ
Ϊ˰̫̫˵ǼȻмϸˣǮȥһѣο̫̫ÿҲǮֻǵǮҲãŹ
ǧ˰ŸߣҪ֪ŸôˣһôûгԹȷʵÿ춼ӣȴûбԹȻ˰Ūߣ㵽ûеģ
̫̫ʵǲԼĶϱϹߣʱԼĶ˵
û뵽ȴǸͲӣȻ׼̫̫ϵǮЩߣû뵽ո׼ֵʱȴһӸסݺݵˤԱߣӿǰѹƼˣһǸʲô
ƾʲôԼҵ飬˵ˣԼԼĸҪǮʲôοԼҲΥ飬ֻȥĲˣˣ˵ԼűͿˣҪŮ˸ϿߣǴôᡣ
ȻǰͲõģܹԼĶӸ˵Ļ͸ˣһѾĲĵͷԷȣˣҲΪʲô̫̫ÿܶҪ𳵵ԭΪûʲô롣
Լ͵Եģ͵ȵģŸͶˣڻر̫̫࣬ÿζΪΣֻҪԼӳˣʱҲͽˣû뵽;ŵ
ĹȻҪԼŸˣҪȥĻԼӿɾûչˣǲԵģοԼҲҪ˸ߣԼϱͬ⡣
ΪҪԼ飬ԼҲùģÿοԶܹõһҲ̫̫еĽΪʱһСģ֤̫̫ϵ˳
ʱ˹ȥϾԼ˼ĺĶֻҪ֤õ֣ʱԼеǮȥĳжĲˣֻû쵽طѾǸ󺺸ȥҲرϲĲǾղڻϵһٽ֮ҲԼˡ
ӦˣڿҲǸԼԭһʱþԲܹ鷢ϾԼѾһĿˣο̫̫ڳ˵İԼһè˳󺺶̫̫رĸм


548 
񣬼ȻĻر̫̫ȻǸϽ֣ЩһٶԼ̫̫ǰˣʱֱӰ̫̫§ԼĻУȻͳһѵӣõӵԼĸײϡ
Ȼв󺺣˵֤ĻʱֱӰ̫ɱˣϾѾµóڳ϶ԼĻȻĻҲ̫̫ԸԼǰ˻ġ
֮Ǹ󺺶ʱżˣ׼֤ϾӲܹ֤̫̫û뵽Աߵȷʵѷֱ֤ԼȻݺݵĿ
Ϊ֪һٲǶҲԲԼĸ׸ɱģȻˣʵԼҲֻǲ²һĳ֡
ʱԼ»ڵģû뵽̫̫ȴԼʹҡҡͷζ֤ܰŮӵȻĻʱӶûˣԼĶϱסȥѵĻص¸Լһȥס
Ҫ֪Լ³ԿҲͰˣϾʵ̫ˣҪȻϱӻȥˡ
οļһԿģοΪԼѧҲ޿κεģԼӸɱˣҲԲܹ֤һ
ǿѷ֤ȻĻҾͰ϶ɱˣ˵óõΪ˰ǰʧȥЩĻʲôҶԸģǧҪң
ֻһߺݺݵ˵ţһ߻ӶԼĵӣλεȷʵ˺ǵģһСĵĻĻ˵ˣ˵ЩҲǲ۵ġ
Щ֮󣬳ЩΣ˵ĲˣԼѾܵ˺ˣΪʲôЩ˾Ըôȥ׬ǮϾٷ֮ٶġȻȥǮĻǻӮӮ˲ԼοҲ˵ʮľ䣬仰˵ȷʵеΪʲôЩ˾ͿףҲأ벻һ뵽ֻΪ˶Ǯ
ΪַΧֻȥμӵˣЩԸҵȥһֶĲĿУսľͰѼĶȫˣȴҲԹ޻ڣҩɾˡ
Ҫ֤ĻͰ˸ˣְ֤ûȥҪûµĻǰĸ׸ɱˣҲǲ֤ģҪǸ˾ԼҵĻֻ˵һ飬㲻ĻҾֱӰ֤ӵ𳵵£û𳵰ֱ֤Ӹѹ÷飬ʱ˭Ҫ
һ˵ţһؿ𳵣ѾѣϾҪˣ³һֱ֣֤ӵϣʱҲˣǰǸŻˣϽԼĸ׸ˡ
Ȼ˹ȴһӸץݺݵĲڽŵ£һٴƣ˾ӦúݺݵشȻԼĸΪвҪ֤ҩȥȻٽЩèˣ붼óǵߡ
ŸӶԲϷˣĸĴӴԶĵطһЩֻԼӿԲһӪˣǰʲôȻ
ԼǰծȻҪԼΪѺϹ˸ûбҪٻȥˣ뵽ֱץԴȻŵ·Ĺϣۿ𳵾ҪѹǰŻˣһ仰ҿԣƨҷˡ
ղŵıȫûˣԸˣֻ֪ԶƶԱƱУǸЩһЩ棬Щ˷ǵűϾԼܹһȥ̣̫̫ԼŸˡ
Щʵ޹ģĵĻԼȥעһ㣬ǶҲֻԼûˣǼȴûܵκεʧȻˣֻǳ룬󺺵ļ˹Ҳرżֻû뵽û飬Աߵֱ̫̫˹ڵϴİ
ҵĶӰɣֻһʱ벻ԲŻĲ֮Уһ죬ҵĶӿ϶׵ģҶȵһģֻҪӰҶ𳵸ѹĻ¾ûǸˣ
û뵽ղТ˳ĶӣҪԼĸ׸ɱˣĸԾɷͷ飬óرĸжҲǿ۽磬ĸ֮飬Щ޷ЩһЩ⵶ԼĸĶͱˣǸĸԾɻḶǧ򱶵ŬԼĺӡ
ĸ֮ĸ飬ԼΪһ޵ߣûиָܹ飬ȴеֵˣ֮Ҳûа׷ѣһջ񣬵ҲҪлһ˵һﲻǸ
ȴԼõһĥһЩһ֣㽫Դץ˻ʱֱӾʹߴԽȥһӵĻԴֱӿˣȻ˳еȻġ
Բ鷢ֻҪŻŻһ֪һ£ܹȥʵ̫˱˵ˣԱߵ̫̫ԼĶû֮󣬶ʱôޣԱŸӣҲӵһĿ
ʱùر𺳣ڶĲûпԼЩˣ˵ϸ۲õĻᣬҲˣԭԼļ˶ԼģԼٶĴ£Щ˴ûԼ
ԼĸףԼر𰮶ĲѼĶȫŪˣĸȴû˵֣֮ԲԸѷ֤ԼΪȷʵҪʱӶûˡ
ôҲûŵĸԼŸȫõȥ˯ˡ
뵽ʱǰֱܹԼĸ׽£ĿЩԿóȷʵϵᣬ¾飬Ҳǳɳˡ
ǰԼЩ飬ȫˣҲͲټȥĲʮְĵؽ֤֤̫̫УȻĲұ֤ԺҲȥĲˡ
裬ұ֤ԺҲȥˣúõҷݹȻҵӸſԹϺӣҲϺӣ֤ʡһٷˣʱɵ£ǿɾͲˡ
˵رĽ֤̫̫С
Щ̫̫ر죬û뵽øһеһȫΪ뵽ֱ֮ӳ׼ڵлȴֻǴ򱧲ƽˣοΪ̫̫ԼĶӣԲŰԼĶӸжˣԼҲûʲô̫̫Ӧõõġ
˼ҸϿֻԺһҪٸҼȥĲĻͿԴ绰ңһһģӸղһıҵҲԿһһʱǲˣͷĺˡ
̫̫Ǹ󺺣ܵĶݣرĸмǰĴˣǲ֪˵ʲôˣǳ֪ȻѾ˻𳵣ҵ˳ôͲܹﵢȥϾԼΪǱϷ
Ҳ͸Щ˸ˡ


549 ڵ
ĳȥоطرƾɣֲ֮ǰư£ҲǣԽСĵطΰӵĲã֮ǰԼȥǸУϾ˶࣬ΰҲرĺãԼҲϰ
ͻȻ֮䵽µطһƾɵֳĴߣЩŵףϾԼֻͨһ飬ǾЩǡ
ϾԼѾ¶˾ģΣԼҪŸھ֮ǰڻϵʱ򣬾뾡İ취ңԼҲǸè˵ˣҲжϳһָǸǵģȻԽˡ
;Խ˼ӲսԣȻĻͰŸˣǻʲô˼أ
ǾЩף֮ǰǸЩͬˣ֮ǰĻ϶رţͲЩһУǽյԼҲ֪ôģԴ˻֮
ԼƤ׻˵ĺãƤƣƤ֣ҲЩģܹ黹ҪŵݽȥȻĻָܹǸ̳ոյһСط;öӹˡ
ԱԵ㶫ͻȻԱһȻҵ̺ƾɣƮǹȴʱóЩ޷ܣ˱˽ȥֻĵ
ȴû뵽ôƾɵĵطԱ߻ŹޣȴôԷԼĻ¶󣬲ϸ˼һ£Ҳûʲô󣬱Ͼôƣôĵطһȥ˵ԼǳԸˣֲǸ
಻ģɲɾҲרſطѽ֮ǰıЩʲô׷Ȼȥɸɾģ˽ЩⶼѾùˣȴŨݺݵĸȻֶ˵ϸЩ˿ǳԣĵ̣Ǵٸɾô
ô𣿵ȻֵҲڵЩ˸۳ˣҲһЩýȥͲĵ̶˸
ĻЩǣɥĲ̬Ҳıһ£Ҳûж룬ֱӱ˽ߵһǰֻȫͣöûнвˣ滹ЩòôΣеڵˡ
˵ԼҲǲȱǮֻŸղζҪһ㣬ıƭˣڸ鵹ãȷʵزȥˣκֻȻˣй˿ǰʱ
ʱϰ㴩һرڵ·˹·ΧһΧȹΧȹЩգֱܹҪ˵ԱϵЩˣԵȴǸĸˣҵӦòȻĻǰЩôͳԵôأ
˵ʱܹ⿴棬׻˵ĺ˲ò࣬ˮɶⶫҪһ֪ʱ򲻺ԼζԼٳһˣԼղһܣ֮⣬ûĵˡ
Ҳ˵Լ뿪طȵһŲ͹ݣ֪Ҫã˵˾Ͳʲôصķ꣬ҲԵرˬڹܸУ顣
ȫѾϣԣ㳯ϰЦЦϰнӹ˵˵ͦõģֵǣΪʲôÿ˵涼ûм۸أҪ֪ʲôطȥԷ
ܹЩ˵ϻҪ۸ģȻĻʲô˸ҳأԱϵƺҲûʶһ㣬ֻԴȣЩҲǲȱǮģڳ֮ǰһҪʼ۸ڱϲҲ˵кöЩڵﱻСĸˣʲô취أ
ԼʵǳԵʱͲ۸񣬵˵ʱֲף֮Ȼǲ㣬֮ǰ˵ĳξ㣬и˳һ̴ϺȻ֮ҪǧǮЩֱ˾;Щš
ȴװ׵ķͨϰ֮䣬Щ̼ңЩֻ̣Ҫ׬ǮĲȫܲˣﻹ˵ǸȻ˳Ҳи˳ӵģЩɵӣЩ˸ˣԼԷҪ۸
ȻĻԼԲˣ˵˷ɹ涨Ҳ˵Ǹ̼ûõĴЭ飬Ǳ֮ҲֻԼˣҲԿóطΰȷʵôοҲѾ뷨طѽ
ʲôطǺڵֹ꣬ӿ˵ģҪôǶ⣬ȻˣԸϣǰһ֣ٲԼԻӣò𳵣ԶٷԼĵطֱ˰˱Ѫùˣϰϵӣһ㶼벻ҵʲô⣿
ڵĵ̶ǿϿҵģ⼸˿͸չȻݺݵظһ٣ȻЩҲԸԼƽʱҲ鲻ǶϷǳԶٷѽҲҪúõĴһ£ǧҪ˸Ūˡ
˵ϰ壬ΪʲôЩ϶ûб۸أӵĻЩ˿θҳԣҲ֪ģƽʱۣѲǵǳˣҽɲòˡ
Ǵģ˵ЩҲǸԱϵ˸ѣû뵽Ǹϵ˸Ͳ¶Դȣµʱ򱻿˿޶ûطޡ
ϰȷʵˣû뵽˸֪ģһǲܹˣôԼֻðһ˶ԳЩģֻýһ˵ݹ˵еĲ˼۶ˡ
⵹óúܾȣԼղȷʵûд̲ͨĵ̣ûô򵥣ҵ̵ζȷʵǴӸղԱЩ˳ԵĶͿԿȷʵĺܰ
Ҫ˵ĻûЩְɣԼԱߵЩ˳˲ŻģԼЩ˵еһЩôķˣҲͰˣһѲ˵ߣ˵Ҫ˵
ǰǸϰˣϰҲûж˵ΪϾ￪ôĵ̣ȻҲ֪˵ĶԽֻ࣬ҪһҪĶùˣֻһϰɽ׬˶Ǯˣϰǲ˵ġ
ĻգҲЩˣϰص֮󣬸ϰֹһӣϰ¶ЦݣȻּæһЩѵСˣǵŵСζʱˣҵֹ̿ˣȻЩɺҩˣ
ȻˣЩɺҩΪʲôҪأûóҲˣϾԼˣһǺܺµģµʱԼԷԱϵ˱ӵʱ
ԼҲῴԼõ˲˵ȵԼһɺҩ֮󣬵Ҿͻ˵ߣű㻻Ǹûм۸Ĳ˵һĻɾҪˣЩ˹ȻǴĲУҲˣϸ룬ЩΪ׬Ǯȷʵĸɳ顣
ִǿǵǵģοĶǽǮ͹˲ñģʲôϮű˵ĸ߷ֻҪ׬ǮķӶʹֻ벻ûҲȻһЩϸͻЩ
ֻǳԸȻ뵽ô࣬ЩΣżȻһҪԼų̂׵£ԼҲ͸һһҪĿռɣЩ˳극֮ǰԼȷʵװɺҩɱΣ


550 
ϸһɺҩ滹ģ֮󣬻ҪһʱҩЧܹӣҲǻ˼㣬ȻĻһ㣬Լֱˣ뵽֮رİο
ΪԼοʱ־úΣԼΪʲôҪأԼԸҸԼɺҩֻԼεΪǵĵǮˡ
ˣȻˣ֮֮ȻҲ뿴ҵʲôĹӣ뵽֮󣬳˵Сˣǵϰϰ棬ֻЩСˣûֱȥ͵͵µԱߵͰ
Աߵϲ˵ϰ忴ˣرĿģԭղϰϰнȥΪ˱ģΪ˸ϰ壬˸ˣôҪ˲ϰɺҩС
ϰƷû뵽ı¾ԲֹЩЩϾͻڵģϰϰﻹΪԼļƵóˣ˵Ĳ֪ôźãΪԱϵĹ˿͡
ϾҪˣЩ˿ǰŵĲǱģǸûв˼۵Ĳ˵ҲǿģЩһǺܵģ
ԼȻҲֻ˳òޣÿζˣȻգ԰۸ȥΪʲôҪЩǮأ
ѵܹԼĲ˹ݷ𣿿˿Աߵװ꣬̿ҲкܶˣôǮĻӦð̺úõװһ£ǻǮӻһ¶Ǻõġ
̵̼ңǿŶ˼㣬ôûаЩˣǰõԻĻ¶Ѿܶˣζȷʵûװ֮ǰ
ϽϾϣѾôˣǸ󺺣ԼǸ̫̫ô飬Ȼ˳Էҵ˸ʱúõòͣȻԼرûθڡ
ǶӦѾԼ಻סˣֻڴڵĳԱߵӦǵλôģųӣرıӣѵûԹ
̻ʵӣֱ˵θڣҲû˵ʲôϾҲѾԱˣ˲Լͣһҳ㳯֣ӦǴ㸶ˣԼͲ˲׼ⳡϷ
ͻȻ֮ȴ뵽ˣԼѾɺҩڲεĻϰϰﶼỳɵûа취ֻεصһԣűԼ۷ǰⳡϷ
ϰ壬Ѿˣ֪ҪǮµҵ̫óˣǼЩ˶رĺóԣֻǹεģǵһγԵĻллˡ
˵һŮˣȥӦһڵҴһӣǸȥӦǸӣŮ˴ҲһƣȻ֪϶ǮˣղŽʱ򣬾⿴һȺǵεġ
ΪʲôѡôƵطԷأҲˣΪϰڷһӣӲǱģǰϰ壬ȥǸӡ縴ӡģдزš
ѾˣȻǰЩҲ֪ģȻطȻҪزˣȻĻͰװ׵һˣʵЩʵ̫ˣ˼ʲôزЩε˾ΪزʵԼĵطҲõͲʲôز
ЩزôڱػֻҪǮأҪٿǮЩȴִ˲ˣôȥԼ׬ˣ붼˾ЩЦԼʱҲԹĿ
Ҳˣʲôز֮ĶԲܹţ඼̼ҹóƭ߰ˣȻԼҲǿ۽磬Щ˲֪ȥԷҾȻ˳Ŀӹ˿͡
󵨵ԼȷʵûмǽܹƵϵĻµһܸߣǱϾԼѾɺҩѾ赹ﻹǸأ
뵽ﻹЩϧϸĴһˣӦöһȺ֮ģǸֻϷҲǳ˲ٵ⣬Ҳ֪ôȷʵζرˣ̿ˣһﱻŪ˵ϣҲԼøûйϵ
Ů˵Ļ֮ϰû˵ԼǸСֽһ£űһ˵ȥ긾Ůͦ˵ģǿ˵֮󣬶ʱɫˣҪ֪˸ļ۸ǱģȻ飡
˵ʲôǳԵЩȻҪЩǮ˳ĶǣȻεģҲԴѽ˵ˣЩ⣬ѵýЩǮˣǽǽ
ԱߵǸˣҲЩˣҲݺݵߵϰߣЩʵӡ
û뵽ϰûж˵ֻЦŽԼеһ˵˹ȥݹȻЩĿɿڴǱģֻһҪǮһƹˣȻҪǧǮղԼΪʲôûпأ
ԭϰ壬ȻеĲ˼ȫúֽסˣ˵ǺɫģȻȫΪղֻŵرʣﻹõȻϵˣԼҲǰѶԵȥˣ
¾ȥֵĻҲԲܾһ֮ҪЩǮˣԼļСͥһЩǮƵĻҲڸЩɥĲôǮŮ˾ѾЩˣ׼԰һ㣬ԼϹȥ
Լĺӣû뵽ǰŸո׼̤С꣬žһȺΧ˹Ѳ˵۾֮дһЩֱ̣Ҫ˸ˣ˸Ͻ˻ԼܵЩ˵вϾأĻ
¶û֪ҲˣԼ˺ڵ֮꣬ǰɽʱ򣬾ͲӦôż͸һصôСݶ붼ú£ʲôأ
ѾˣѵԼ°ʱ׬ȥǾԲܵˣԱߵȴֻ￴źϷǻãԵʱҲףΪµĶһģÿ˶еһе
ȻˣЩطȷʵˣϲթˣҲԩͷƫƫҪλҪʲôزʲôز
ڵԳԺ󻹸ҲҲֻ΢΢Цһ£ǣûϰϰ￴ֲӵҪԼɺҩεء
ԭΪһ壬ϸĴһϰϰȥӦˣΪʲôҪأҲǣʱǮŰ˸ƵģǮûˣô˭أ


551 ŭɱ
ֲϰϰⱲӶҪĵȹȥӦҲǵģӾûкǱԼĺ֪Լ飬µʱ϶رʧɣҴʲôİӾͻѧӣ֪Լİְָ迪ֵ̣˵Ǹӡ
һڳΪ˵ŮֻôãȴȻûпκιŮϢѾ˻Ӿĵزˣһߣһڣܵ˾ţŮˡ
ŵö㵽ԼϹ󣬸ղŻԼǸưԵԼУڵˣ˸ˣҲ֮ǰŰˣοղ˿Լ񣬾ѾóرĲˬԼ˲˵Ҫˣԭ֮ǰҪ˵ʱ
ʵЩ˾ˣֻΪ̫ˣȻôûǮﻹҪݳԷɴڼԼˣȻӳ񣬿ǺϼӺãﻹʱȥӳЩŵ˵ǽҪǲǮóҾֱҪǵ
زģ˭Щټ̱͵شƫƧ˵ЩѲߵģǲܻصطģرöΰҲǻҵģֻмξ㣿
ȷʵű˵ǰҲгǵ߰ɣȴһŷΰϰϰˣʵЩ֣ܸղһ˿Լ̫ѺãǰҲǼƽЩʱ
Ϊ̫ˣŮûа취ֻܴԼİóԼǮȻеֽȫóŵϣϸһ£ϰ忴ˣֻһ㣬򣬶ʱҲЩĵģܹõôǮǿǼԼһѽ˲ܹ̫̰ˡ
׼Լֵȫߵʱû뵽ǰһҲϰȻһǮŵԼĿڴȻֶݺݵؿŮˣԭŮǿŮ˵İ˵г۵ĻҲҪǧǮģûüΡ
ŮֻóװˣڵˣϰָͷϰˣֱӳȥŮ˵İ˹ְĶȫڵϣŽǸƯİݵԼŵУϰпǿˣ֮ǰԼİ
ĽˣҪôǮԼòǿ԰õˣ˱ŷУʱİڳ˼POSEǰŮ˸ˣȴûа취˼˶лԼֻĿԼưŮ˸ߡ
Щҧţȴ޼£ЩԹԼϹôôûãҸղŸҪֵطԷںˣԼϲĶҲˣһôǮ»֪óʲôֵúˡ
ԼﻹǮƣǱϾҲǲ͵ģۿŰеĶϰϰôԼǲǾܹأ
̫ˣôܾô򵥣ϾЩˣԽǽݵĻЩ˾͸ӵĵűͲУǲ˻˵ЩǾԲŹģȻǰϰϰǣ̰Ĳϰϰȴһ㶼ġ
ֻŮ˵ϹæſڣȥʮֹӣܹǵģѾˣܷܲǻȥأ˵ȷʵˣķˣЩҲֵܵٷˣϣǷȱϾǴģزģӵĻؼҶزȥˡ
һ˵ĻҲǴﵽĿˣϾЩҪȥ˵ĻҲûκεã˭ЩԵķˣԼķ̫󣬿黹Ҫ޼۾ܡ
۾ֱ͸ЩСͨЩ˵ˣֻҪÿԼһЩǮƣ۾ֲùЩأͲöһǮԽТĺãȻЩС͸ӵ˼ɡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ϰ뵽ʱ򣬺һͶ⣬ԼŶѾõһưˣԼǰǲʹȫˣԼԺҲܹҸˣԼ뷨Щ̫ˣҪ֪ļ۸񣬱ϾҲЩģǵù˺öأ
˭˵ǰѶѾˣûмǴĻǺһɣԿ׽ȻѼʻ֤ʲôȫøǣȻĻߣ
ֻϰһѴ󿳵ȻſڣҲǲһȥˣʵЩ̫ˣϾһǴģµĻʱ˸λȥأ
еǮЩ˸ˣµʱֻܹͷˣϰϰľӣ˵ľ첻£˭֪һǱߵľ죬᲻ᵽأ뵽ͺãϰϰʱɱ⣬
ֱӰһڶˣȻڲ࣬һֵǮĶȫϰϰˣ֪أ
뵽֮޺޵İԼȭͷսȻµЩΪթҲ˾ɣô˵ҲҪһ·ѽοһڣѾŵòˡ
ֻǳһٷȻԼŪҵˣҿŮ˻һпп滹ЩǮģ
ЩиͲ֪пܹȡǮôϾЩУʵģ˵ˣһȥȡǮʱ򱻾˵ʲôģ˵ģΪ˷ֹЩ鷢
̵ϰϰŻЩϵĶȫȻŷЩȥҲһˣֻǰЩȷʵûжǮϰϰǶˣҲǧ˰ٵġ
ò֣ھͲһˣһڸո̵ʱϰϰоѾµһͷֻҪһĻ½һ궼ҪٸɻˣȻǴҶͲõġ
Ծ͸źһźһڣջǵˣϲøȻǲ˵ˣԱߵϰֻŪԼİѾǰȫˣֻǽϰȥ죬ϰҲǸûõģֻȴ֪ļֵǰ˵ܹܹ󣬿ǵ׹ʲôĳ̶ȣ
ϰвûôᣬǿɾԲܹװ׷ȻĻһˣԼȥĺʱοһ֣ܹóǮѾǰϰп˻Լɡ
ҪֱӰһеĶ©ԼĿڴ
Ϊ飬װǸ긾ŮƼˣֻŮƴײ˹׼Щͬھû뵽ȴϰһץסȻϣֻӶǰѴ󿳵
׼䣬ҪŮ˵Ȼ˸ɱˣôҲһ˰ˣĻʱеĶԼˣҲٵż˻ѰңʱԷǽǾԲܹˡ


552 
ΪϰҲ벻ֻҪгڣֻܹ룬ǾԲܹʵеģԱѾʵǰͲסˣ񿴵ЩһɱڣʱߣҺڵ궼Ѿſˡ
Լ߽ô꣬Ҳûм˹ƭģ˼ҶѾеǮƶóȴԾɲһڣǲ̫أ֮ǰҲ˵ϢһڵȥΣȻסڱ
ڶ糿û𴲵ʱ򣬾ͱϰöˣеĶϰռˣΪ飬Ҳͷû뵽ȻԼߣԼǸеˣô鷢ǱֱӴԱվ
ϰΪͿˣû뵽׼Ů˵ԴʱôҲ²ȥˣʹҲûκεãʱųһ࿴˿ǱˣǸղѾεĳȻڵĿԼһֻ֡
ס󵶵һˣԼô޷࿹⣬Сһ￴ȥûжٵֿԼղž;һ϶ǸͨˣɺҩûаһŪΣȻǸš
ԱߵϰﱾŪʱҲԼĵҵı˸ϷŪֱӳ˹ȥҲһͬӴȣԾûκεãֻݺݵĽһֱ̣ӱ㵹ڵ˸ץء
Ӿ񹷳ʺһ㣬˵ϣԱߵЩҲæ߹ȥԭߵЩˣŲ˵ʲôϵˣһϦŵģӾϦŵϴ
˵ϴʵϴ󷴵ϰĸףϰĸϰ䣬ǾǸԾ˵ˣϾĶǻ£ܹ˻ѯʵģǸûбķӣΪϰĸһЩǰҲˣᵹڵϡ
һ˾ֱӱϰĸ״˲м̧ȥˣȻԼǮƱӸռˣȴûκεķӣϾϰĸʵ̫ûܹűȽϻֻֿۣܹĿԼĶ˸ߡ
浱ȻرĲ˼Ϧţû֮ǰǸϷȴҲǸĵطֲ˵Ű衣
ԭϦţҲǳܾˣŵϴ֮ǰǸҲǰֵܣҲûʲôԴӷֱ뿪֮ҲͷֱţһϦţһϷţžˮˮ
ҲǹòˣҪ֪ڵʱϰĸף죬ֻҪģû뵽ͿԼı£һʦѧһı죬ܹ˶ƷûвӵģȻʱЩ顣
˶ЩǵõʱϰĸףȻֱӰһҸŮץȻǿ֮󣬲ǰϰ壬ǸŮɱˣϼһԾɻĻ£ÿζƲסԼֱӵߵĸط
˸°Щ֪ǰһϦŵͷĿʱ򣬶رľҶ֪ŸǸѾһûĿԣϾΪ֮ǰϰĸɱˣµϰĸףŮҲرߡ
Ů˸Ū֮󣬽űֱӰŮ˸ҲʡŮ˵ʱɱ֮ĶԼÿһʱ䣬ǻһŮ˻ᱻץͷӸ̣Ȼûˣȴûа취
Щ죬ҲֻεȥοЩܺ˵ļϾԼҲʲôĳָԤ飬µʱ򾯲ֵˣҪɱҪ֪֮ǰһֵŮ죬ͷӸץˣղҲ
ڲ˶ûа취Ը˵ˣԴҼҪԼıŮ˵ҪЩˣǸϼһǾʲôأ
ո÷ĻǻᷢΪϼһǽ֮ĹԾֱӴӼ׸ߵǽ˽ȥ¥ϵģͷ֩һֱȥҹŮߣȫһЩˣЩƯŮŮӣѾԼĸĸ͵ԼȥϾʵ̫ΣˣǱͷ̣˵ҪԼ⵽Ǻε
뵽Щĸ;رѹԼŮҪ飬ҶǻŮ˾ϧȴûа취ͷʵ̫Եˣưһе˶޷Ը
ϰϰΪͷӵĶϱӣȻҲͲǺˣЩԷˣʹȻΪǮƵʱ򣬲Żһάӣǵȵ֮
ͻֱӰЩ˸ץ˵ֱЩǮƸ°ӳͻȻܳôһˣҪ£Щ֣֮ǰ˵ĻѾϰкǵģҿϰɺҩ˵ڵϵʱ
Ҳûʲôǿû뵽˾Ȼˣһһ͸ӵĲʹˣͨղҲܵˣǰһûô׶Ը
ԼҪСˣϾͷչûܹԼҲԲܾһߵװ׵óϰرҪԼİϰ壬Ҫ
㵽ʲôˣӸԩ޳ģΪηҪǹȥأ˵Щ˳ǼĶóЩǮ⳥ǣǱģο쾭飬ѵЩ˳԰԰ͣҲȥϦţ׻˶ˣүӾŵų
£ϰ弱æԼĸ׸˳Ȼ˳Ҳ˵ţû뵽ŵ˾Ȼ˵ΣȻĹŸǸʲôϷ磬һ
ʲôöȻԼѾˣԲܾˣһڿȥҲܵصľ֣ŵﶼ˵ˣҿŮ˻Ǹµģæʹĵͷ
Ϊŵ˵ҲֻӶԳʾлųӣֻһСļһҲʲôû뵽Ȼô󣿵ֻĳ˳֣Ϳ԰һǸ󵶸ס
ֻǵ֣˱ֱױȣһеĵľ̶ȿ±ȿֲƬҪɣȻƺţһҲģ˵ΪԼãǰҲҪΪһ£ϾֻһˣϦˣʱͳԿ
Ϊ˰Լһ˲Ż䵽أ뵽ǸˣЩĲ̣Ǳ㼱æߵ˳ǰ˵һЩ


553 
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ǰʮֵİ죬ЩΪģΪһʵ̫ˣѵΪЩЩ˾ͻԼǴشжûһѱԿס
ЩһԼȥģȶֱֱӶЩɱ⣬ô򵥵ĵҿ˰칫ôõİ춼벻ȻˣѾʶ
ȻǾԲͬģæҡҡͷȴҲ˵ΪѾû˵ĻˣֻЩһԣЩһﵽжҲ֪˵ϰǸףϦųǸʲôԭ֮ǰ
Ѿһ飬еţҲвٵģܹһģǸϷ죬ҲϦͷˣͷӵĿڱرĲǸеһƴͷ˵ڴŮرϲ԰Ụ֮̊󣬾ֱӸɱ
ʬֱӵ·ϣıΪԼôܻȥأòȻѾˣôܾװ֣ɸպÿ԰ͷӸǰϰϰ
ӦþͷӵĶϱͶӰɣĻͺðˣֻҪ˺ݺݵĸһ٣ͷӿ϶¶ģʲôָݵĺ棬ΪղųѾϸĴˣͨһš
Ե޹ΪʲôҪŪһأ϶ǸʲôϵȻҲ뵽ˣټϸղ˵ʲôϦţڱΪ֮˵Ļ͸ܹϵһˣ֮еǹĮֻϰϰŵò˵
һҲæ㵽ԱߣϾմԼϣ°װױЩ˸һ򱧲ƽģ֮ǰԼƲˣŮˡ
ȴرıǸҲرĶԲԺ˾Բܹ˵Ĺۿ˵ͣҲ֪Լˣο֮ǰҲûж˵ʲôֻЩӵһˣҲǳϾѾ·ڻôˣҲûʱȥϴ߻·ô
ȻؤȴˣȴһرĳݣϾǳվԼ˵źܸߵĹʣʲôأ飬ȴֻܹȻŮˣЩƲԼϹ
ҲףԼϹģϾΪ˱ˣΪԼӣҲܹӰװ׵Ĵȥҿ˳
ҲǸԣֻ鲻ƽûǰЩԹԵĶóٷ˱ǶǮӦøǮһǮܶ࣬ǲܵģôˣҪɶ೤ʱأǸͷ֧ǣǸ𣿡
˵Աߵϣĳһ⣬զզ죬ʮֱĵ˵⻰˵ģȷʵҲǣӸаԵ̵˭
Ǹͷӵ˵ӲûԼı£ֻϦţԲŻУȥҲЦ˼ұضҲи̨ģȻĻôӸ˵
ղųҲǳԵɺҩЩöģʱְ׵ϣӲ׵ǣѾԼ׼õɺҩΪʲôûεأɺҩЧҲԲֻô̵ʱ䣬ǿ֮еɻ
ȷʵԼͰķ˳ݺݵ˦˵ǰһˣԭ˼ҳûгԼ׼ķˣֻµͰˡ
붼ÿЦԼղŻΪˣ뵽ϰݺݵشϰһ£ûмȻĻҲε龰춼Ѿˡ
ζܹǮһ˴ȥϰֱӰԼİս»ᱻʱȥ
뵽ֻ֮ӾֱԼߵЩСܳ˹ʱȷʵԱߵĿùظЩСܶԴӲСܵϣֻЩСطѽѽĽкҪ֪ʹǿĲ˵ˣȻ˳ûʹԼȫȻĻЩСѾͷԴֿˡ
˵СֻǸӻˣֺαοõĶȫӣСƽʱҲ͸źȿˣҵЩСȴԾԸţΪģΪǸͷӣЩСܾãֻҪˣ³ȥ֮ҲǸ˲ͬģǿЦ
ѵΪӾͿԱǾԲܷģҳƲľûϢСܣƽʱǿԼı¿ΪԼһصҲˣȫ׷Щеûģ̬һͷӣʲôã
ȻЩСŮץֱ˾Щ߳ܣôأ֪Ϣ֮󣬵һӦҪ̬ͷӸʬΣȴûзϾ˵ͷһֱڱչ
˭֪ʲô̬Ķͷô໵£϶Ҳܸʲô£˵úǱչ֪͵͵ʲôһκ˴ţѾȻҪͷ¶棬ҲúõģͷӸѵһ¡
˵ͷӹߣԼҲԼͷȣ˶٣
ֻʵ̫ˣͷ⼸СܣѾʺˣЩСȷʵҲûãûѾˣҹڵϿǸǸͷӶˡ
֮ǰ˵ĺúõҪΪͷӸԸģ񵹺ãȻݺݵһ٣ֱӾվڳߣǰӸˣţͷϾҪչسˡ
ʱСӾ͸֪ˣǰСڵϣʹԼ壬ȷʵĲˣҲ֪ԼֻǽЩ˸öãʡӼСܽ
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ǸŮȻҲˣʱ˻ǰԼİ˹ִѴѵץݺݵĨ˵ϣҲ֪Լ򲻹ֻܹ۸ȴͷӸϽɡ
ȻĻԼӸϱľͿˣҪˣǸģһвҿ԰䣬ȥ˾رĻҲЦжԼõͷ嵽˵ıǿȥһһ㣬Ǻ棬˭һֱ۸ˣЩο֪ͣ۸˶ٴˡ
ȴл˵п಻ߣŰȣݺݵĲڽŵ£ȻְԼոճЩȫ˵ͷϣȻȥǺܹ֣Ǹ֮ǰȣǸС׼ףȻҲΪô


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ϿȥͷӣʱͷӸԼҲøŸͷӴһһԣǲͷӵĶ֣
˵ͷǿ׳Ѿʮ꣬ǸСûʲôΪ֮ǰͷӱ̬оԲ̶ܹȰɣ齻ԸԼ˥ϣҲԲ۸˵ģñ˵ΪԼ̨ףԼ԰첻
һǰԼĶȫˣϾµСܶڵϣҲرĸпǱ׼һ뿪
˵ˣǸϿ뿪ɣҪ֪طɲǾ֮أ˵ѾЩ˸ƷˣһֲԤУ˵ˣгӵģȥҰ͹ȥͺˣȻĻЩʲôŵ˵߶߲ˣ
ˣرľ˱һ뿪
ŮرƲģԼˣȻҲúΣ˼æԼϹʹĵͷϹ˵Ķԣʲôܼˣ֪ҪȥǶܹͻȥģҪлˣĻҪ군ˣ
ŵµ˺ݺݵĲһӣЦҡҡͷҪ֪ԼɲΪŵģ̽һЩţû뵽ѾҵĻᣬӲǸʲôųĶӸϱԼȻҪúõĻᣬͷӸƳ
ѾûˣǸϿȥɣøлңϾ̫ߣҲųֽѵģһĹ򣬾ͻҳǱ͸ûйϵϿ뿪ɣøлң
Щ֮ȷʵЩᣬϾѳһȷʵ̫ˣûа취ųӣӦҲκε⣬ֻεĵͷȻԼź뿪ˡ
ߵʱ򣬻ǲ˳һֱмϾԼҪûгİһҪڵˣû뵽ĵطȻ˳֣Ժεʱ򣬾ҪúѡĵطǳԷҲԲܹСĵط
رƫƧΪĵطԲܹĵط˵֮ǰҲɵģҲôأ˼ֻҪЩǮưˣµһǿҪѽԼϻôã
Ǵ۽磬ҿ˳ĺˣȻĻĶû˲˵Լһ˵ҲҪˣ뻹ľǻգֱŻˡ
˱㼱æԼļ˱һֱˣҲõطˣŵķ⣬ӷˣŵµգΪʲôҪµĶ
ȻĻ쳵ҲˣҲˣǮҲˣڵˣʲôûˣһ˵۸Լ÷ȥأ
Ϊ̫ˣϰֵ֮˵˵һøСˣ˵۸Ӧ֪ǵĸʲôˣȻȵǵĸˣÿģ㣬ܣʱҲһỹģ
û뵽ЩһͷˣȻ˵ĻҲǺ˼ʹĲ˲һԴȻһڡ
ϽұɣǸͷӵĸףֱҾöģȻȥɱ°ӣ˼죬ûٿǵĸףһʹɧͷӣȥЩ£ѵΪһŮͲЩҪܹһǻܵģ
ȽϵĻǾӿɰһ㣬ȻˣֻȽϣԲ˵ʲôöˡ
ֻĻո˵꣬ȴͻȻԱ߷ɹһӣҿüʱȻĻ±ӣԼˣ˵ͷʹõĶǱģһӡ
ͷӳˣǱ㼱æŵµ˺ݺݵߵһԣӱĥѾвеģһĻ˵ˣֻεԱߴŴ
ͷӴСĽΧȴֲ֪˵ʲôãΪʵ̫ˣͷӱƲЩûϢˣ͸ᣬڼ˵һ仰ĻͷӽѵģǱˣǰһˡ
СӺôĵӣȻ˵ҵĻҲȥҵʲôˣҾȻ۸ҵĶӣɱĹ𣿽ұ֪֪ϦŵȻĻҪȥΪûʲôˣ
ͷת۾ֱӵųˡ
ô˵ļһԼĶӣԼģǵʱԼҪģܹˣ˱ֱԼ˹ֻǵЦЦ
һͷˣһﵽôҲԼһֱȽŵǸذ׳˳ͷӵԴһ𣬶ʱ㷢һ޴죬Աߵֻ￴ţȴ֪
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Ҫ֪ڴ򶷵ȵʱκ˶޷뵽ģҲ˵Ĺ£Ͼͷ̫󣬸ȽϣǲʤģûͷӾѾ˺öš
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ܳôһȻӲİԼȽȥͷرĲˬǼæ׼ʹԼУЩֱӳ˹ˣôܻƲĶߣֱӽԼذ׻
ʱ㳯ͷ˹ȥͷӱϾѸߣʱ㵹ڵϣһӹûκεĽҩҲΪʲôͷһֱڱչԭԭ׼Щ룬ҪԺԽЩ
ЩԼˣ󱻶ɱģȻԼǴͷΪô꣬վȻ˳ҲˣͲּһϣΪЩˣ
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СܸԼ˵Ϣ֮ʱЩ⣬Ҫ֪Լ֣ҲǸͷӣȷʵģôܾӱһëͷСӸأ
ʱܲ죬Ҫ֪꣬ԼǸͷӻûܹԼôͻȻԼͷˣȻǱһ˸ŪˣϢֱЩܽܣҲЩǣҪԼǸˣʱٰԼˣǿôźã
Ҫ֪Լﵱϴôˣʲô˳սĻʱԼЩѹģϾԼţѾôˣԼҲѾе˶һ𣬵ȻˣͷȵĻʹˣΪ֪ЩٵģҪʲô
ЩҪŮĻѡƯŮ͹ȥЩٵͻȻҪǮҲԼȡļǮƣȫЩˣȻԼ֮ôҲԼеǸСƽҪ֪жٵ̣Ƕ쿪ģ㲻쿪ġ
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ĶʱҲýκεķãֻҪר׬Ǯʵǲ˼ҪãȻĻ̯ӣ˵̣Ĺ˾ڶ糿ͻᷢȫʧ֮Уɱ°ӣġ
ΪֱƾʧСܾôҲΪʲôܹطҲΣһȻˣҲ֪Щ϶ã˲ЩҲһЩԼ̣ﾭӪֻ֮ǰǸͷӵ̣λһЩƫƧĵطΪõĵطͱˣͷ֪Ķ֡
ֻܹЩƫԶĵطһЩ֯ǸûᣬֻԼĶӣһЩڵ꣬ԭ֮ǰǸڵֻ꣬һˣΪͷںıЩ˶޿֣Щ쿴ʵ̫û˼ˡ
µˣϵ˴棬ɲĺС죬˵ϴԼҪ֪ȣȴһ˵һĶ֣ȻⱲӣǸͷӿ϶ǱȲԼֵˣһԼʦѧϰʱǸʦ˵
ǸģͷֻҰѧϰҲ˵Ժı£϶ͷҪ󣬽ͷӾͲˣ뷽跨ҪԸԼʦܣնˣ˵ҲǺԼʦ֡
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Ҳǿ죬ҲǸرµģϾѾվеĶˣгԼҲҪʮֵĹϧԼһֱףܾûԼĵλˣԵ˵гôˣʱرĺ£ҳĳԼ֪Ѿȥ̽ˡ
ǸͷӵĶӣѾû˵ˣǲ͸¶Ϣ³һʱҪԼͨ飿
ҲѾ治Ǹʡ͵ĵƣԼҲԲɱ۸ģǱ㼱æһţҲһʲô컨ŵģ컨ŵųԭıܣҲǸŪ٣˵װһرӡ
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֮⣬ҲǺԼĻˣ½Ҫģ컨ŵıܣܵҲ֣ʲô컨
ʱԼ赽ΪʲôԼı֣ԼȷʵҲףⲻǸŮ˵𣿲˵˾Щ죬һֱϲŮװǲĻһǸж
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ҪԼ컨һ𣬵ǽ;̫˼ˣԼôôвţ˵Լ̫ϲܹҲ˲бµģΪҲڶ
˵ԼıԼʱ컨ʱЩģΪ֪첻ʲôģԼֲܲȥϾ糤ģԼֻһġ
컨һɫ·ĽޣһһɫļٷĨһʮֽ޵װ磬ǲϸĻƲǸˡ
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컨һֱرŻẦ£Ͼû˸ӸԼ˵ϾҲѽȴرĲͬȻ˭֪˵ô
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ǲԿû죬ֱԼСȥˣǰύˣֻߵǸСܸˡ
˵磬һʵ̫ˣҪҪֱӰһɵ㿴Ǹӣÿ촩øƵģҴѴУһıȨλĿˣȻĻҲˣ
֪ԼСΪԼãȴûж˵ʲôֻԱߵɳϣһˮ΢΢ĺԼƻ΢ı̬Ҳ֪Ļ͸ӵĺˣ˵ʱһ
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Լ·ǿʹŮӻЦЦָһˮⱭˮӦ֮ǰŮ׼ȵģû뵽ȻȫôһزʶˣҵʱϾѾ˱ЩؤǼٵģȴģ
رĸжֻԼȴһ£ԼһθЩС۸Ůʱ򣬾ȻϳˣŮǱˣ֮ǰԼģϾÿ涼ģܵʱԼѾС졣
ҲԼˣ˵ԼϲŮˣܵ˵𺦣˱ЩСƴˣԼû̫ͣЩСȻǿԼ
Ụ̊ĻֱӰԼŮɱˣûа취Ϊ˱סԼҲΪ˱סŮֻѡӣô˵棬飬ԼһӰҲˣǸŮȻֳ衣
ֱɱˣ棬һԶĥӰԶǰЩˣǲģЩ˶Լһ㲻𾴣˵һ㣬Լвõ飬ֱӰ˸ɱҲΪʲôԼôɱرĶ࣬ȴûжŮ
Լֵ̫֣ҲͷԼЩֵܣֻԼ̫ˣԼԼһʶģΪ컨ô˵ҲһŮ˵Ĵ硣
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컨ų֮󣬶ʱֱ֣˰ƬŪ˳û뵽һۿƬʱ컨סˣⲻԼϲ
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컨ȷʵб֮УֻԼʱ֪ĸˣʵ룬Լʱѡٵʱ֮Իһֱۣ϶ԼıԼҩΪʲôûгԣֻ˱Լһ裬컨رϲԼı硣
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ҲԼıµģˣֻϧ飬ȴñֵˣ׷ᣬӴ˱˲ͬ·ֻ컨ļ£رĺãȵĻǹ¶Ժģֻȵ֮컨ĸףҲĸų죬һң衣
ҲǺ컨ĸףȷʵǸȻܹԼһĹ˾˾Ƕһ޶ģҲΪʲôôꣿ춼ԽԼİؽ磬ھϣȫûκε⣬Ҫ֪һ˵ǿǾ⣬Լ裬ܹôĹ˾óЩǮƣ׾ٵģԼҲѾ뵽ˣȻԼӣҲ컨
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ҲΪʲôһôõԭʵ̫Լߵ˶ŹǶԼ飬ܸٴĴۣ춼ԸȥֻΪһԭ򣬵ǸŮӵ飬Ĵʵ̫ˣ񵥵Ǽ飬ͷ̡
һرļǮеģһĹרŰǸŮӸȥҵЩС죬ֻҪģȫץˣȻȽŸϣһͰÿֻЩһЩԵģʲôģȫ˵еǸ顣
ûκεʵԲôݶģҪֶЩˣʵǲԼأЦôŮӣΪʲôҪԼ飬ԼǵãԼµǸŮ֮е־Ҳʵڲס
Ϊʲôոհ˸ˣ˾Ҫ̣Լ˵ǱЩ˸ǿȵģܹһӶԼСҲرᣬЩˣһ뵽ЩڸЩ£ԼڸЩ£Ժ֮оͻḡֳ
һЩõĻ棬ʱ󳳴֣ԼСЩ֪룬ʱСǶ֪Ͻŵȥ±Լϴ𷣣
һߵĳոҵһƵ꣬׼ס£û뵽ֵ鷢ˣûԼƵϰ˵ʲô
Ϳϰ屻˸ץˣһ欵ŮˣĴɫ·˹û˵ֱ׼ϣҪ֪ʲôˣԲ˶ܵЩ˵ջǱ㼱æŮ˸ƿŮȴֻǵЦţȻԱߣ֮дһЩмˣŮ˵˭
ԼʶΪʲôͻȻԼǰһĶԼʶܾƵģϸĴŮ˵˵ҲرİÿܾЩ֣ҿ֮Ǿúװһ㡣
ǿһģȴֲһ˵ӣʱ֪룬˵ԼֻסƵˣѲǾƵṩԼǾԲҪģԼУֻΪǶ뵽ǸϷ磬ɲ飬ʱᣬٰԼˣŵæˡ
ҿ컨һۣԭǰŮ˸ͲʲôŮˣ컨װģȻ˺컨ΪϲǰԲŻˣԽӣ컨ӵľϲϲߵģ
ϾѾµóûпԼǸŮˣԲŻӣȻĻѾ˵ԼϾԼ֮ǰҲ飬ԭ컨ϲһˡ
̸رãǵ֪컨ֱ֮ӾͰ컨Ƶڵϣź컨ɾرЩˣȻֱԼСܣһϣȻһСϵ·ȫƣְǸҪĲ֣ķ飬ʹ̡
˹ȥ컨Сܶһˮֱӽ˹ȥţֱʹ˹ȥ컨ЩСǣͷϣһֱ˺þãĸĸŻ˺öĹϵ
ԼĶӸȥΪԭ򣬼û˸ҽӴ컨ˣ컨رĽޣŮҪŮǿϧǰĳӣϾŮ֮ҲЩĵģԼҪ£ԲܹЩ
οھƵ˭֪ǲЩĵŮˣ˵ЩסŮˣӲҪԼķȥȻһЩĹñգȻƬв뵽رĺˡ
Լ˰ɣ뵽֮󣬸Ӷ컨ȻƯǿȥͲǺˣŮˣǲǵģΪϲرᵥŮӣԶ컨ǰоûУŮ˸ԼԼҲǾԲġ
ôΪʲôҪôأֲˣϽһֻʶˣûб˼ҪĻҿˣ
ֻ컨˵ţǸһڣʱǰѴˣһﻹаŮװʱһ󷭹ȴֲ˼ֱ˵
հ˰֣Ȼ˹˺ǰĲˮ˵˰ɣϾʶҵΪ飬ҲϹֵģҪûʲôĻǸϿĵȥɣ
ȥžͻػ֮󣬳׼תصԼķʵûбҪ˷ʱ䣬û뵽Լո׼ȴͻȻ컨˵˾䡣
֪飬Ȱû
⻰סˣѲǰһǸʲôϵ𣿲Ϊ˱˻Ȼ޵ˣ˭˵ùֵֹģǱϾҵΪҪġ
һСʱ֪ˣԭ컨Ǹ֮Ĺϵ˵ķͬѰ컨ǰΪ˱ģΪ˰ɱ˺֡
ȻεΪʲô컨ҪԼǸ֪ĻǱֵܣ컨ҲǱɣ뵽ҲЩ˲סˣһ֣ΪʲôһˣҪŮ˵ģһ˵Ľޣǲϸ۲ĻĿǱһԻˡ
İ˵ģ㵽Ϊ˰Ҹɱңʱȥ֮ǵǸϴ϶ŹģûݹϵҲûô򵥰ɣ
컨Ȼʵ
û뵽Щ֮󣬺컨ȷʵЩ˼Цʵ֮԰㲻Ϊ˱ģֻΪҶкøУȻ֪еģҲѽΪȥҶԸģȻûǲҪܾңȻĻʲô鶼ܹģ
˵Ȼֱӳ׼óסǳأæ컨ƿǾʱͻȻֻۿҪ̴Աߵĺ컨ȴֱӳסˣź컨ˣһѪֱӵ˳ĻС
ʱȻ΢΢Ц˵ȻʲôųҪһӶסҵģԵ֣ЩӦҵǸģȥҵĻûҵƣȻ󵽺컨ȥҵһģ
˵һѪ


558 
Ҳû뵽Ȼᷢ飬ԼҲ֪Ȼʲô컨زʶǱϾ˾ԼرĸмҪ֪Ǹ죬ȻҪԼɱ̫ûˡ
ûб²˵ˣȻֱԼȻԼŲô׾ٵľһĵԼҪ꣬ԺҪúõĸһ໥ѹأ˵ԼεȻҲΪ˿ԴһϣõԼҪĶ
ԭԴӵ֪һطһֱرͺ֣ϾĵطҲСسǣһУ˵ľľͲ
Լסĵط飬¾Ѿַˣο֮ǰǸͷѾ;رζοĲǱˣһıܣ˵ˣ죬ҪԼıǸϴǺܾ֮ˣأ
ѾôãûбҪᣬֻȴȫֽˣԭһֱΪ죬رĲˬһĻȻҪܸŪȥҲѾˣְһ
룬ͨЩٺ컨ˣ֪ˣܾȻŸһϣǾԲԵģԾʹᣬǸɱ˱˷˼֧˭룬鲻ûаɣǰԼıܸɱˣʵġ
񵹺ã鶼Ѿˣֻܹسˣȵ컨ŵϣ׼׷ϵʱǸѾʧӰ٣û뵽Ƶϰȴ߹˿ĺ컨ֿ˿ǰĳҲǾúǸпֻεҡҡͷ
û˵˵ˣԼ˵ˣ컨ҪԼ컨ȥ֪ȥϾ컨ʱ򣬸ԼһԿףԿףͿ쵼컨˰ɡ
컨ϾΪԼģʵԼԸȥʲô컨ţûа취ϾԼѾӦһǽôãԼҲҪȥԲܹ컨ĿԼ˵컨˵ԼıϵãȴԼŵЩˡ
ϵǳҪãЩҲرԸЧ컨ҲΪʲô죬رԼܷԭʵ컨ĲԸԼˣתܵ˱ǱߵĻ´¾ЩѰˡ
˵ˣ컨ЩСǣÿһѧ𿴺컨ӴǺ컨ĹҲǺܸǿģ˵ܹͷӻȣǶԸЩˣǴ´࣬ҪЩģߵˣҲûк컨Щġ
ղƵϰӣó֣ȵеȫ֮󣬳ֱƵϰķҪѯһͷӣղŵı飬ʲô˼ѵ飬ͷȫ֪
ȳͷסķ֮󣬿ͷһƾƣʱû˼Ǳ㼱æҲһƣͷӺͷӸտʼǲ죬ҲϰˣֻЦŸ˸Ȼͼ
ʵ֪ΪʲôǰΪϴ죬ղЩɱһ˲ǱˣɹģҪ֪ǿ޷죬ô͵ЩˣЩİȫˡ
ͷһߺžƣһ߳ͦĳİȫղҲĳЩһЩ³ȻĻҲֱˣȻͷ߲ж֪һ϶򵥰ɣ
˼ҵĻ֮󣬳ֻǵͷϾЩ˰װ׵ԼˣԼȴ㲻״ȻҪ˼ֽ̣οղԼûж˵ʲô˼ҾȻ֪ԼҪҵĲǱˣǸʲôµ졣
˼ʲô鶼֪ˣֻǲףΪʲôϴ죬ȻҪԼıܸɱô˵ǶˣôͨЩӦҲ֪ģеԵɣȻǲ˵ĻҲͲٶʣֻʵЩ󡣡
˵Щ̫ĵԱߡ
ͷֻЦЦջǾ߳ԭͷǱˣ֮ǰĹܼңֻͷΪһЩ£ԾԼ˳Ȼõ
ȻҶ֪ͷ˭ˣǱϾͷ֪ɵ飬ԣŻῴղŵΣЩεЦЦȴεظ̾Ϊ컨ԼǰģֵˣԼ˵رףֻϧۿѱܸɱˡ
ͷҲر𺳣û뵽⼸ԼǸطͱ˵ĲбϾʱͬһģԼУԶСӵģ֪ˣԭֵܵʱΪϴĵλϧ֣Ȼȥ컨ȴһֱرĲָһֱǲ
һЩ¶ˣȻˣ챾һߣôӻȻǲŹοĺ컨ȻҸ׼ǰʱЩŭˣô˵һﶼԼıܣôܹأ˵Լ絽ˣ
ҪԼܸűȥЩ飬ֻǵ;رߣȻҲͲԼܻĺ컨ҲӰװ˵汳ģղȷʵҪɱԼıܣǸ۵Ĺ֣Ҫɱʱ컨ȴͻȻ˹Щȫ
һеһз˾ãʵ̫С¾ȻԼıܶ޷̣飬컨뵽ˣԼΪ˳ȴҲ飿
Լĸ֪Ҳɵ֪ϸĿˣһʲôˣΪ˴ﵽԼĿĲֶΣСǵȻҲ˶Щο¾رĺݶԱߵСҲرĲ޿κΡ
Ͼ˼ϴֻܹķԸ£ԹһӴˣҪĻҲǲˣ˺컨ôֻΪЩСܵԹҲϣԼԺ֮ǰרȨԼĸ֪˴֮϶һˣһõ飬ҪĵȻΪ˾ȳ
ڳûˣȻ컨ҲǸԸϧܹۿԼССһͷ棬ȻرѹԴӸյط֮Ƶϰ壬Ҳû˵Լݡ
ȴǾóرĿɿǰⶼ˵˳ȻˣȻûаԼȫοϹܼһֱ֪飬ʵϹܼҲףϴرĿֻ࣬ȴ޷֪


559 ɻ
Ϊ˵ˣ˿Ҳ޷˽ģ˵ԼϴһֱΪԼеǸĿģֶΣǸѪǴûкڹΪԼϴ֪ԼҪһǰչͷǣҵʱԼЩ¡
¶޷ˣ뵽Щ죬ҲΪʲôҪѡĹ㳡ϣԼİŮ˵ķĹ
Ҫ֪ģǴûҹκεŮˣΪʹŮ˵ΣԴϲκεŮˣҶΪ첻µزµ죬ǸУ鲢ˣΪУһЩǾöԲǸԼŮˡ
ԼһŮһӶãԼʲôÿ죬ᵽǸֿȥЩʱԼµС찤ñӳһ飬ЩԼԭµģһرõ顣
ȴӣŮ˾ԼԼ󷴵ǹŮˣۿŮԼҧԾ龰ҲΪʲôⱲӶ飬Ů˵ԭΪԼ̫ˡ
Ȼǰ̾ϢʲôҲܹ˽⣬Լ֮ǰ컹һЩģϾҪưԵˣΪһЩС£ͻԼǰ̵ˣԳҲһЩǲô˵һﶼɱԼԼԲܹԭһ
ԼһҪһ֮ڷ˵϶ͷ̨ȻˣֻԼһЩ룬ǽʲôӳвûжϵĸݣ˵Լ¶ЩѱˣôܻȥЩеûģ뵽ʱԼǸڵ
һͶڶЩ֣̿Ͼǻʲô˵ģǸڵȻǸͷƵ֣ղҲǱԼʰˣȻˣҲ˵죬ǿɱǸͷҪö౶ԼҲ볢һ£ֻԼһ顣
Ǿǵ컨ɽȥҵ컨ţϾ컨֮ǰиԼԼܹ˾öԼиıĿ˵Լһرεģ컨ȻΪԼôԺ컨ţԼӦˣܲҪ֮һ
ҲԼӦ֮һˣϧں컨ʬ壬ӱЩŅ̀ˣԱߵƵϰҲ۵뵣еĵΣǳֻﵭĿţ˵ٶ࣬ҲģϾ컨ҲϷ磬رҪһԱ
춼ܹĶ֣ԼܣԼˣȻ͸Ӳ˵ˣ컨̧֮ǰݺݵĸԼһƣԼǧװ׵ľˣԼ֪컨ʲô
Ϊ컨֮ǰһԼҲóˣĳУȫ˵㣬ԼҪĻ϶ҪԼţԼȨ컨֪Լ϶Ϊ˳
ⱾעģԲŻ컨Ž˳óζҪԼϡ
뵽֮󣬳ֱӸƵϰˣű컨ɽȥԼ֮ǰûеطеҲǣЩţ˵컨ŵˣʱǲԼ
ôźãϾԼһˣҺ컨űĹϽ˵Щ˶Ժ컨رЧңԼֲԵˣ˵ĳˣʱǱЩ˸׷ɱԼǲǰװ׵ȥ
컨ŵˣ˵͹رĸǿĻǿЩѻʯˣԼޱҲӦȫ컨ĻܹҪԼһЩ·˵ɻ󣬿ź컨ȷʵԼǰ˶ܹŵĻԼĲ֪ϣܹʲô˵ĻȻˣЩ鲻һ򣬾һʱԼǸӡ
컨ƭԼԼҪǧٿףҲܲôˣֱӱԼϵЩȻ·컨컨ɽϣƵȷʵЩ룬ԵȵʱѾǰɽȴǵƺ̡
ԭ컨ǰرϲ龰˱컨ɽ컨ţټϺ컨˼ҼǮԴеһţЩ˼ÿһܹ컨ԼĿ֣ЩƸϵܣȻˣҪõЩҪ۵ģǾҪЩ˷ģ
ζᱳѺ컨ţǵʱĸǹʵɣҲԺˣ˵Щ飬ЩСǶǺµģǿ컨ᶨӣЩСǻ޷˵ĴӦˣõ˺컨Ϣȫ˰ɫĲТĿ¾ˡ
ЩҲӱ˰ɣҲԼã컨Ŀڱĺã֮ǰ컨Լ˵ЩӦҲƭ˵ģȻĻЩСΪʲôҪӶԴԼϴأ
컨Ȼĺ֣ǶԴԼЩСǣȴȫģҪ֪ʱһСܵļһ飬СֲҸ컨СܣС֪컨ƢǱ˺컨컨ûйСܣСһЩǮ
Ȼ͵͵ĽǸСܣǸСܻẦЩǮԼĲҪ˻Сѣ˵ǰԤ֧ĹʣϴǣŵҲҵģһһΣһСܣΪˡ
ҪѪƥ˰죬ջ컨Ѫ͸һƥ䣬պ컨붼û룬Ҳ˱˵ֱӾ͸С˵һЩŰСܸȻΪЩС£ЩСǶں컨Ż˳ûκεĲ¼ɸ˼ֻҪǺ컨ϵɽ͹ǡ
ȻȷʵģǱϾֲ֪Щǣ˵ԼǸˣʱȥô˵أѵľͰѺ컨Լɲϲ˵ļһ˵ܹҲЩεģ컨
ûԼʶļһѵһҪԼǿزݣЩţҲѧϰܹҪǹʵˣ滹һǵģ˵ЩСǻ᲻ѾǸˣʱԼǰȥǲǰװ׵ȥ
Щǣ컨ɽɽͷϣֻｨһرĹʽĵطǸ컨ˣſмվڸѲߣȻǴЩٵ·ԾɼҲһЩ׻ԿóЩһӦ֪컨Ѿˡ
ЩҲһЩˣ뵽֮󣬳սȭͷôҲ컨װһҪѺ컨иȫãӲܹԵ˼ңȻһԼں컨ŵ
Լ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ뵽֮󣬳ֱ壬û뵽ȴſڵ˸סˣͲ֪˵˭ôܻһȥأ
˵ˣԼϴոˣȷʵζ˸ֵĻһмͻֱӰ˸رѸţٵǸϵĵǣҳϴŵЩţǰʿҲЩɡ
һô򵥣Ҳûа취һӾжϳһʲôġ


560 
㵽ʲôˣΪʲôأոճ飬ǵϴոȥˣû˼ڸ飬Ȱ㻹ǸϿ뿪ɣȻĻǵǽ涼ûкù
˵Щʱ򣬳ҲףЩ˿϶ΪԼϴոˣѹ˵ˣԼҲԿóЩ˶Լϴرģ֮ǰЩСֻǱϵİˡ
û˵ֱ֮ǰ컨ԼĶȻ˽ȥϾֻҪĻǰ˶޻˵˵Լ۶ر컨
ҼȻ컨ѾԼߵˣôԼҲûɼѺ컨ˣοԼҲ׵ģô컨ԼһǽˣҲرѹϾһѾˣǻʲôˣһûرܡ
Ȼ˳ҲǸǿģֻôһ񲻹ôҪѺ컨ŸãȻĻǶԲǰ컨ˣο컨֮󣬾ͱ컨š
Ե߽ȥʱ򣬿ǰΪԼļһʱͺһ㣬ȻˣԼҲףǰһﶼϣԼҲβܹһﱨ𣬵ȥҲûκεİ취οԼҲҪ컨ãҪ顣
Լûдﵽ֮ǰǸˣҲѾˣ֮ǰԼľͺöˣһЩҲ׵ģڡ
Ҫһ˳ܹչȥȻĻҲļ򵥣ЩţҲĳ󣬳ӣǰ̫̫ˣˮĸ󡡣
죬ȫˣЩ鲢Լô򵥣οһЩˣһֱرϲ֣ǾһЩѵ֮ҲĳˣԼӣԼûоãԼһ
˵ʮˣȻˣҲѾעĿ֮еЩ룬¶Լļϻȥ֮УҲԵҲԵԵֲܹԼ컨˹ͬԸǱǴﵽ졣
컨ŵˮ룬ſǸĹһˮײģˮײŵĲǱˣ֮ǰǸ컨ں컨Աߣϵ·رӺݻ
ȥѾµóǱˣ϶컨ĸףҲ˾Ǹʲô¸˾һܣҹϽôˣϧԼôһӣװ׵ˡ
׷ͺڷ˵飬ܹģҲرѹϾһеһУΪԼ˵ԼΣǸǰˣҲ컨װ׵͵ʹУټЩ޷ʹǲ֪ô˵źãע˵ҲעģȴҲĿó
ĸףԼԼЩνİ飬Ĳ֪ȥ˵ȥдźãѾעõĶЩܹıģ˵ˣֻҪˣȻȫıģߵŮ˵ߣʱоһʮִѹΪġ
ΪŮ˷·ǸоԼԼֹ֮ϵҲЩС˵ģΪСѾףΣǲŹԼʱϲˡ
֮ǰǸҶΪ˾ϧԼ˰ɣû뵽ȻҵҸ㣬ϽҹȥҲ뿴㣬ĻҵĶҲϽҹȥʵǲ뿴㡭
֪ĽΣûа취˭ԼӦ컨أһҪɣҪʲôĴۣԼǲģԼҲԼԼ̫飬Լ˵㣬˵㣬Ȼˣ䣬˺ܶ飬ЩҪͷԼˡ
ȻҲǲ˵ģʱԼûú컨ԼǺ컨ȴԼԼܹ˵ʲôأ
Сһĸ׾ȻԹԼԼҲܹ˵ʡõʱָԹչǴӦ˺컨뵽֮󣬱ֱӴԼĿڴͳһЩ컨ԼĶȻŵŮ˵ǰԼ
ȴò˵ˣ㲻ΪԼףҲӦú컨ףΪˮײĺ컨ȥǸ嵭·ڸ߳ζҪԼĸԼĸɱԼ֣ʲôˣҲʡװ׵طŹȥ
ʵҲ˵ģΪ֪ôͣҲǲģˣп϶رѹȴò˵ȷʵҵĴҲӵĴҪֵĻֻܹǸȻӵİȫֱӰ䵽ҵϣҸɱģû뵽ȴײĶӣɱˣ벻ģϣǧҪѹ֪ΪԼĶģĶ֮ǰҲи顣
һ˵ţһŮ˵ļ򣬱ϾŮҲǲף֧ôļҵأǰԼĶӶѾˣ뵽ѾǰŮѹ
˳Ļ֮Ů˶ʱˣû뵽һеһвǱģȻԼǸԼǸˣڻʲô˵ģ
Լôһֱ֧ԼԼôأҪ֪ԼһֱԼĶԾҲͰˣϾֱ⣬ԼûҪԼԼȻԼĶ¶֣붼ѹԴӵ֪Լô֮
Ů˼ܱԼ˫ȣԴӦԼȥĽζҪӸҵǵԼҵʱȴӾȻںһЩˮ𣬵ȻⲻСӻ˺ãԼⱲӶҲԼ
ոռСӵʱû뵽СӾȻԼ򣬾ȻԼĶһƣԼû˶ǴһԼļԼϹҲ˶ҵҵŮˣǰŮ˸ˣûа취գԼӡ
İѹ˾Ҳˣ飬ȻԼҲǵһҲû뵽һȻ񶾵ҪԼױܸɱԼĶǸôԼ˵һֱϲͱˣĵȷʵģȻĻ컨ŵЩˣôܻվԼӵߣ˵ˡ
ԼĶҲ֮ҪϴλòΪȥˣ켸ÿ춼ҪԼһСܸرأһ˿Ļ¾ԲܹܵģȻˣȴرȤ»Ϊ֮ǰԼЩС졣
ǰŮˣ컨µĶѾȫ˳˵Ļ컨ǸУҲöԿף˵Ļ컨ˡ
϶رΣ˵ĻôܻҪĶأ뵽֮ŮжʱҲ˿ԼĶȷʵ˺壬ȻĻԼΪԼӵĸףôܻԼӵĺȡ


561 
ԼȷʵҲôҪúöԴӣϾԼôˣԼĶ֮ԼųԼΪŰˣǸļһܶȥԼΪ֧ϧȥƣΪԼӼ֮аһ̻֪˶ٵǮƣ۶ôرԼġ
ȻԼӸˣ鶼ΨǾԲеģԼ׵ˣֻˣ˧ˣǲ֪ĻԼɵɵذԼǸҲ벻ԼӵΪ˹ʹҲɵġ
뵽֮Ů˱ߵԼߣĸһԼӵգʱҲ⣬ȻԼĶӰԿ׽Уô֤ԼĶӶڳرεģĻɾͺðˣԺԼֻԼһŶˣлĻԼ϶һԸԼ
ͨеĶҲ֪ˣҵĶӶʵģȻҴ㵱ʲô컨ŵųûκεҾͰȨ㣬ԺƹŰɣˣĿĺܼ򵥣ǰɱҶӵָ֮ԷȻҵǰһʱǲˣΪ֪ҵĳһǸɱǧļһףһпܻġ
˵Щ֮Ů˱㳯컨ŵ˿һۣȻҲһЩԱߵһʱҲˣ֮ǰں컨źģȻҲǸųˡ
֮Ҫ㿪ԼΪģΪŮ֪ԼҲǸ죬еĻȫҪԼĸԼͻȻʧĻǸһľϾͻ֡
ȻʱԼѾ˭Щ£ԼֻڵȴһᣬȵǸһ֮󣬵ʱһеһҲͺðˣȻԼûһıɰ۶ǣϾŵԼ
Σǲ۸ԼıӣԼһֱڱǰ˵ЩŮУֻҪദʵԼҲܲô˵ˣԼѾˣﻹʲô뷨
ֻҪԼ˿Թĺþˣû뵽鲢ûô򵥣ΪЩ˵رĴĪ˵Ǹ죬Լ߳ĶӣҲ
ʱΪ˶ϴλãͷѪԼΪ˵ֱˣȴֲ֪ȥȰ⣬ǰԼĶӣʱԼͻ᲻ңǰԼԼ»ʧȥԼװĶӣԼرһʱ䣬Ů˼˾һҹ֮䶼ͷ
ûԼ뷨ԼĶˣԼ붼øЦԼУѾչôãһŮ˴ӣһӶôҲǺܰˣȴֻʣһˣµߵһɽ֮У
ȻΪ˶죬ҵԼвԼԼóðȻɣԼҲˡ
Ů֮󣬳ʱû֧ţϾԼͲˣķЩľͻ
뵽֮󣬳ʱЩΣԱЩˣﶢԼһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôã˵ǸŮѾǸԿ׽ԼԼҲףֻǽ輦µֻǰź컨Űˣûɡ
ԱߵǷ˳֮еΣʱЦȻ˵ǵϴˣΪ֮ǰϴĸѾ˵ԺҪķԸĺˣֻҪ˵ĻȫϵģһǱ֤ζܰǺ컨Ÿˡ
СѾͷõͦÿģû뵽˵ȻϬ뵹ҲǣϾں컨ܹµˣ϶Щʡ͵ĵơ
Щ֮󣬳ʱͷȻżæЩ˵Ļ׵ģһҲҪ˵׵ģ˵ŵųҲǵϴ󣬿ⲢҵĳΪǵϴˣ֮ǰиңҲŻǵģҪǣҲ֮ǰǸϴҲ֪ϴʲôĺܼ򵥣ǾǲҪ¡
ϾһνӴЩˣ֪ǰ컨ЩʲôԼ£ԲЩģԼҲһ˳ӣζԳȥ۸ЩƽգЩͨϰձ͹òףԼЩ˳ȥ۸Ļûˣ˵֮ӵжʱǰһЩ飬ǸĲĴ󺺣Ǹ̫̫ЩͨҲһЩĵ飬ԼһҲ
˵ǰˣԾڴģѾúܺãվ֪μȥϾ컨ű˼ҵģеת֮ĶԼҪ
˵컨ˮײһֱţԵÿտֵģԱߵЩСܶﶢԼ·ǵԼķԸԼǲ֪Ǻˣ
Լոճ˼ҵϴѲɾҪ֧Щȥɻ𣿿Щƽʱʲôɽ֮пľǵɽȥɱ°ӣǸ㲻ףҲ˵ʮε֮ǰ컨ǸλϣһŰ׻Ƥȥʮֵİ󣬵Ȼ屾ͲȱǮ
ô˵˵ֻһţҲѾˣ֮ǰǸͷӵţ֪Ҫǿ˶ٱ
ȻûԼô򵥣ûͻȻһСܳ棬˵ԱߵһҪսԹеôԼոյΣͻȻôң뵹Ҳǣ컨컨֦չʲôҲϲȥˣ±˶컨ҲǺ֮ˣ컨ȷʵбһ˸޷֮ƥУķţܹһԿģҲֻһ
лҪ죬ҲΪʲô컨һֱԼ磬ʲôı£ͳţԼıҲˣһԼֵ£ǾҪֵ࣬£ǾҪرıˣ˱Щ̬ΪͯʱһЩֵ۱ŤˣԶԼߵ˴ʱˣʱŭ˾ϲŭ޳ҾԼСܣ˵ƽ
ؽŹҲ֪Сܵ׷ʲô֮ǰ컨ļʶһֻЩС̨ܰϣȻűӺݺݵĳ򣬽ְЩˮõЩСܵϣҪ֪һİ̺ۣЩʳˮֻ֮һָо±ҪҪܣ֮ǰԼ˵Լ磬ȻһЩС飬һôܹ˵Ĳѽ
컨ƽʱԼ컨Ϲ֮⣬ȥлǲݣȻȫɵЩС˧磬ЩһＸ컨ͣҪôͱ컨һ֮붼úЦ컨ϲģ»ֻгһǳѽøǶĻ³ûκε⡣
İ˵컨֮󣬶ʱ컨ûͷˣҪűΪԼţϾκ˶֪ǿһ⣬Ѿ컨ˣҪԼܹΪõĻɾǺܶˣȻڳЩ˻ǲҪ


562 뷨
ԼŸòãշ˵ģҲòޣȷʵԼôţ˵ĻǺ컨ãԼûȥǸŲ֪ʲôӣرЩΪ컨ˣ컨žȺ
ѵΪԼЩЦˣ컨֮󣬺컨ŷøãΪĶΪԼأĸҪĸҵֻ΢΢ЦЦȴ˵ʲôЩСЩµӣҲԼϴˣͻȻôһ
֮ǰԼȻ˵ǸͷӸǱϾĲһţǺöЩˣ컨Ÿ̲Ҳ֪ûǸ£ԼǸ컨糤Щ˸ϳȥ
ǿԱż飬æοͲõˣȥЩ˸ҽɣȻǵųе鶼ҵģЩһǸҶһָͷĻұǷǣҲҪСң˵ǵųˣһչǵġ
ЩʱЩСůůģ֮ǰֿ־壬һӾûˣοԼǸԭ糤컨İ֣϶һ˵ȣȻĻԼ糤ôѵһҷԼų
뵽֮㼱æͷȻȥЩųȫ˽Щһ￴֮󣬶ʱЩסˣΪ컨Ⱥף뵽ųλϣȻһˣӳϾͿԿóһ϶Ǹʡ͵ĵƣСܸԼ
컨ŵųˣЩųţ˵Сƭˣû뵽Сȴó֤ݣ˵Ǹ̫ΪԼĶӵТЩ֮󣬱׼ææĸϹһΪ˿֣ڶҲΪ̲š
˵Լ컨ҲͬΪǸµķţЩųÿһʡ͵ĵƣռˣΪҶ֪ų
ҲǺ컨еǮǰطռĻ֮ǰ컨µЩֵǮĶȫԼˣЩһﶼҲǼʶˣȲıӣǿɾ֮ǰŴõĹŶһױӿ¾ҪöǮЩ˵Ǿһرķ⣬οܹԼŵģκ˶Ҫ
ֻЩζ벻ԭ˼Ѿµųһ컨ҵģȻǺ컨֮ǰеģŵѾЧˣΪѾõ컨ĸ׵ĳϣеСܶãµųѾˣռԼ컨ŵĻǿڳ룬ⱲӶҪˡ
Ϊµų컨ŵ˾ҲԲЩ˸ŸɵģΪҵֻһųǾѾȥĺ컨˵ЩСǻرģҲò壬Լܹ쵼һţҲůůģϾЩɢĶº컨쵼ţһЩʲôҵĺɡ
û뵽ȴһϵţֲú컨ԸΪԼ׳Ǹ컨ı죬ǲ˲һ㣬ΪʲôǸͲܸԼıܺúõѧѧٲộҲԷŹЩˣǸͷһÿ춼̣ЩŮ
̣֮󣬾ȻҪɱŵųֱһ
ֻһų߹ȻЩмʵ˵컨ŵǰ˭ƾʲô֮ǰųλϣҪ֪ųˣǱҪƾһµųҪȻĻҪ˳ţǵĿģҲ֪ģҲֱӿżɽˣЩˣĸŲ˵ҲһȽϡ
ǰ޳ܵļһȥһһƣϾԼųոûãЩһȻһ⣬ԼǾԲ鷢ģԭ֮ǰһƶɽĺӣǲһͶˣ֮ȷʵ컨ҿ컨˳ԲܹڣҺ컨ҲǸˡ
֪Ѿͷ컨һѾͷѧϰһЩֽ̻ѾͷһЩҲΪ˱ԼΪǿ壬Ѿͷ˺컨֮һֱ컨ߣ컨ƽʱӼѾͷʰģѾͷ컨ǸܣȻ컨ѾͷѹˣԼųԼǸƽˡ
ҲǰԼųһ£ôЩ˾Բռ컨ŵģ˵ˣղųѾӦԼһŵЩˣЩ˸ߣǸƨƽʱɣռ˽ԼǰǸų컨ˡ
ڿ컨ˣһӻǳ룬ԼΪ컨ŵȻλߣҲ˵Ȩ˶ݺݵؿҪˣȻߵ˳߸һ֮ŹЩ˿Լ컨µų
ǰĳٻʱеǸԿףõ˵ųǰҡһ£Ȼû˵һЩǰųǰųˡ
˵λųͲҪ˵ϻˣǰĽԿףҲǿˣǴųˣҪǼųķԸ£ϾǺ컨ڲ飬ֻǼųܹµųµųѾˣǰλǾͲҪˣҪǺ컨ŸռĻûˣλϿȥɣǺ컨žͲˣ
ѾͷĻʱѸղվҪո컨ŵǸųˣֱӴԼվȻһưѾͷȵڵϣ׼ýߡ
ôܻ鷢أʱȥһƾͰһˤһߣűԼߵǸǹֱӲ嵽һĴȵײڲһһ͵öӾˣԱߵȫŴˣû뵽ųȻҲôȻǸ컨ӵţ
ʵҲЩһʶġ
ûа취ܲܿһСѾͷܵЩ˵۸ɣοղԼ˵ĻЩ컨ŵСܣҲӰװ׵ĸԼѾͷǶԼжԼ϶ܹѾͷܿ࣬뵽֮㼱æ
ȻһߵЩųߣһԭЩһﶼһЩƽʱ͵ĶһЩСţȻҲҵҰҪ֪ҲǷֲٵģģ϶Ǵţû˸ȥǣ¡


563 ״
ַСţ컨ţҲǵڶţȨǺܴģȻˣ컨ƽʱȨȥѹˣЩȴǹҲ磬ûа취컨ֻܹԼĹЩ˸ߣЩСŵƽʱ컨èһŵֱתߡ
û뵽컨ǰŸЩģֱӴԼСܳ˽óߣٻˣǾöģ˵ԼѾ컨ôܻװ׵İȨˣԼϲȨˣӦ컨
Բ۸˺컨ţǵȵǸ쵽Լմ˵죬ԼѾȲҪһˡ
ߵ˸ղ˵󻰵ǸߣһѰ˸ץסȻݺݵˤڵϣЦ˵Ƕˣ˭ҪǼǺ컨ôֻ·һȻˣǲȥĻҲǣϾҲѾûûʲô˼ˣҼȻѾ˺컨ţǵȻҪҵĻ˵ҲرϲԸǵˣǵңҲֻ˵ԲˣңӦҲóҺ񹦷Ҫһ㣬˵ֻǸһ㣬ǣǾʤΪΪӦû׵İɣ
˵ǰˣݺݵˤڵϣȻ߻ԼϣʵԼƽʱɲӵģ˵Ű裬ֱԼ涼Щ̫ϰߣǣԼ֪ˡ
ǰЩˣǲһĻЩ˾ͻűǸɫʱЩСǰװ׵ܵ۸ԼŻرĲأ
ԼȻѾӦ컨ţôԼԲܹ˵Լɲˣ˵ˣ컨ŵЩСǣȥҲѾˣζҪסԼųĵطԼ컨ģԼôܻ᲻Щһأ
Խ죬ЩСţҪҪԼŸɵĻԼҲǻ㵽׵ģԼƽʱûŹͻȻһΣʱرˬԼʵʱЩ˽ģֻǰ˾Ӧõ͵һ㣬̫ߵʵû˼
Ǹ컨ȥӦþøߵŰЩ˸ѹȥģԼҲֻЧˣȻĻЩһҪǶǺú˵ǷΪǸӣ㡣
һЩʱǰЩСǸ˵ѪڣǰȷʵˣΣܹЩ˵óѣô˵컨ŶԼģϴģԼζҪΪԼϴط˵ǰ룬СǣҲܵ컨ĶݣȻҪػסط
ŵЩųʱˣĸСܣԼƭ˹Ȼ￴˵ɫղǸųѾһٽѵȫǻģһ仰˵¶˵һ䣬ʱǵ
ǿ֮أҳҲǹװʮӣŵЩ˴ҴһڣʵرĸЦԼ˵ƽʱҲ壬Ǵûӣ붼øЦ
˵ˣҪǺ컨ĻԼⱲӶϣȥЩ˽ּۻۣЩСųҲǵģúȥ£ǵõ£ҲҪҵ˭׻˵úã򹷻Ҫأ
Լ컨ŵˣЩ˾Ȼ£һˣ·Ĳ˲ǱˣŵˣŵųǾһʮһֱ죬Щų棬˵ȨģųųһԹı˽
װرΪ룬ʵЩ飬ôرᷳԭ£һֱرĸߵ˵ҵģҲǵ֮ԭЩŵˣǶǷֳ˸ŵȣ֣Ǿ˵ģ֮⣬ڶȻǸ컨ˡ
ҲǴҿеĶҵģԴΪʲô컨ԭģǵõǸϵҸո֮ϵ棬ֻк컨죬˶Ƕҵģû뵽ͨѡ٣մһѡ죬޿κ֮£컨ֻܵ˶ҵġ
㣬Ǿҵģ˻Ҳˣǽ㵽Ѿ˾ܽʲô۶ӣһҪ컨Ÿ£ӶԼΪҵģԲмĺ컨ţΪԼİʯ
ֻųߵ˳ߣŰǸԿףӳĲȻݺݵĸˣڵϣʹĲ˼š
˵øҴλϹȻĻͲܼȥǰѳˣղԼѾ˵˻Ϊʲôһﻹô󵨣
һӦʲôȨ֧ŵģ˱㼱æߵһۣͷŽһı˵˳
֮ʱú˼Ϊڱ֧Űˣû뵽Ȼ͸ԼͷϷԼеȻرߡ
ֻ㽫ݺݵƵһԣԼ֮ǰǸ׻Ƥλϣݺݵĳ˵С飬ȻռҵλãҪ֪ҵ֮󣬽ֻҵĲʲôȻҲңţֱ
˵ʮţȥȴֻԼϵȻվһ˦ֱ֣Ӱһ˦ԱߵǸǽϣʱͷϱײһһ͹һ
ֱӵڵ˸ʺԱߵ˶ʱ̲סЦˣȴæס죬ϾҶ֪ҲǸǵģǽһʱͷ鷳
ԼСɿֲ֧ˣҲò壬ȻҸҵԣ£һкùӳԵģжš
֪˭Ļܼ򵥣ԵȥһʱҸǸͷӣӦþ˵ǸʲôϦŵϴɣǳȥôģʱҲ֪ˣҺ͸߹ǣҪңڵ컨ţڹϽǶҹȥòҪȵҷ𣬲ȻĻһߡ
䣬Լϰγǰѷذףͷһ£ŵԱߵЩų
ųҲˣǰˣȻǴ˵еǸһǸϦŵųɱˣҪ֪ԼϴҪҵľˣֲú컨һΪŵų컨ԼǵˣǸϼһﶼСӵĶ֣ôԼӲ˵ˡ
ʱЩӣǼæųһҵţϴˣʱÿġ
˵꣬ȻƨˣóǶЩЦЩųʱ֮еǹɱŵҲϽԼСǴǱߵˣû뵽ˣôɱ
컨ŵЩСǶʱˣΪԼҵųǾǸҷѣΪʱ·ϣһֻһ˿û뵽ȻҲ˵ƣ컨ųûûаյ飬ҲӣΪԼҵһرõųԺ컨ſ϶ͻϣġ
ֻǰеСܣȫĻų꣬ų䡭


564 
ĺ컨ţڳ£Ѿıˣǳ֪ԼȴܹţϾոս컨ţҪԼһ֮ĻľͲðˣ˵ԼʱӦ컨ôҲ⵽κεĲƽ
û뵽Լոյͼŵ֣п϶رĲԸ⣬˵˺컨űͱҪ߶ˣΪʲôЩȴȥرĶԼûģ϶Ǻ컨֮ЩҲǾÿģܺãԼˡ
Щ˶ԼųرϲΪģΪ֮ǰһ֣ȷʵЩϲ⣬Ҫ֪Ǻ컨ڵʱ򣬿ҲҸһҲǸų˵ǳȴһˣų֮ǰǸӡ
뵽涼رˬҲʡ֮ǰǸų󵱼ҵģͿԶԼҵ컨ųۣȻˣмҲԭ򣬱Ͼǰĳ֮ǰǸųģôҲͺðˡ
֤ԼѾˣڳ棬ȴǰЩ˵ԼֵܣãΪʲô˵أΪ֮ǰ飬˵컨֣Щ˲ûֱӰЩ˵Ļȥ뵽ԼǰˣôԱ
Լôܻ÷˵ˣҲΪ컨ţһŻԼԵ֮󣬷鲢ˣԭ컨رĴԼһЩ˾һЩС̵꣬ŵĺһƬˡ
Щ޼ҿɹˣ˵һЩ޼ҿȥĺӣһЩԺĺӣû뵽컨ǸүȴĵȻЩ£һרŹЩ˵ģЩĴϾ֮ǰߣ˭֪ոյ֮ʲô飿
ǰһԭһոռ˺˺ȥӦ֮ǰҲرǮģû뵽ҵ䣬֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬿ԭ򣬰ѼǮһɶҲֻˣ̫ˣͱ컨ŵһԱ
ͨ˵ҲԿóһһֱһݣ¾ؤʱҲ϶ûٸ˰ۣΪ컨˺װһӣʱʱĸЩ컨ŵԱɫǰѳˣ˺
ܹһѾȫˣȻҲûеܺõģÿ춼ṩһˣЩˣЩ˺˵Ѿϵڶˣһʲôأ
Ȼɵװ˴үϴүĵģ˵ʲôЩⲻóԣӦøԼ⣬ԼƽʱԹˣǴ㣬ȻĻԼͲԷһˣ
ϾЩƽסĵطЩүҲЩǰЩ̫ˣȻֱӵﲻ˴򷹣ĻӰЩֲ֪ȥ
Ͱƽӣ˺һٵĻʱ˺ٳȥ˵˵ɾͲðˣϾ컨ųոˣ컨ҪȶʱǴʱ飬ʱһӰ컨ŵ˵˺컨һֱЩ˵飬ôܹΪһ˺Щľ˵Щ
ȫ˷ֽοһıһٵĻҲֻһװװᣬʵûʲôЧΪˣѾ˵Ʀåֽ׶ΣѾҵˣѾ˲ˣһУ˶ֻԼİˣοҲ֪Ƥ˼㣬Ҳ޷ﵽġ
ϧԼȴҲֲǵˣååһˣԼרž˵ģڵõһᣬȻͲ¶һˣԼոճϺ컨ŵųȻæŵ˸ˣǱϾԼڻ˳ġ
ǰЩ˰˺ȥ˵˺εķģͺðòˣοҲ֪컨֮ҪôطӦҲΪ˴ﵽԼĿһľأǸһԴһǵ֮ǰ컨ʱ򣬵ݸԼһ顣
Ȿ鲻ǱģȻһԴǣЩΣҲ֪˵ʲôãΪһŻôһţǾȻÿ춼ڿһԴǣһԴֵطⱲѹûеģֻǱĶѣΪϵЩңдЩȨ֮ıȨǸͲܴ磬Ȼˡ
һǺúõĻһ£Ĵڣˣÿ˶ԼϣҲÿԼ룬컨ԼŷչȻֿԴһСһĵطЩˣ˵󲿷Ѿ컨ѱ
ǻһСͲ˵Ĺ˵컨ŸԼԺȣЩѱԼʹһƢǰ˺
Ͼ˼ҰԼģԼûǸ˰ԼгкȣûȻÿҵ飿
ҲЩЩΣˣҪǺݺݵشһ٣Щ˶Ǻ컨Ų˵˵Щ˻˵ĺݶ
͸ı䲻˺룬Ǻ컨Ҫ֪ѾǶԵЩˣÿ춼ҪѴĽǮṩһЩԺȣҿЩҲһЩʶģÿ쵱컨ŵˣһЩ׬ǮĻ֮Щ˶ȥŸɵģҲЩƽϵ衣
ԼȻṩ˳ԺȣЩĶҪﵽĻҪԼ˫ŬȻˣҲ֮ǰ컨涨Ĺأ컨ųڵʱЩ˺ƨҷһΪЩҲ֪컨ų£һǸɴ䣬ǲСǵĻԼͱȥˣھͲͬˡ
컨ųˣҲ˵һųЩ˾£ųһ˼˺Լ޷ˣֱҪЩͷϣο濴Ҳһ𣬵ֿ˿ԱߵǸ컨ŵ
ŮҲǸǵģֻŵϾҶôãҲû˺ֱ£˼ǲĻؿֱӱȥԼ߳ȥǶνģﾭס˿ɾͲͬˡ
Щ˼ÿնҪԺ컹ҪһЩάԼԼ뿪뿪Ѿ˶ļ԰Լľûеطȥ»ҪͷΪһ˺ڵǿгдסĵطЩ˾ȻȢţ˺ӡ
ȶ˶ҪģôҪȡ֣ڵƻأ
ҲЩΪʲôҪȥȰ˺˺ƻԭΪ˼Ѿ԰֮ϣԼȦӣ״̬ǶôѽòװǰƶǰڴҪϰߡ
ԼֶתһЩԷǮǮﻹСѧԼĺӳ֮󣬻ܹиУ;رĿģôõǵȥҲҪѺöĽǮܹﵽģǰʲôأ


565 
Ȼƻǰ̬ǾԲģЩ˱ȥ׼˴󺺸סû뵽˴󺺵ͦоģǰҲ书ģʱԼˤһԣЩûа취
ֻεҡҡͷôõƻˣرĺڸѹȵһ죬˴֮󣬾ͲӺˣΥ͵ԽԽ࣬ҵҲףκ컨һװ׵ķŹˣȻˣֻվڸߴһ滨ϣĿţЩһ￴ѾԼŭȼյ˼㡣
ֻϧû˸Ҽһ֣ǹЩŵӣͻȻǸϣ˺Ļ;رĿ£ҲЩ浽ģ
ԼΪ˰컨ţƽЩС£˵˵ʱ컨ʱ򣬽סԼ֣ԼζҪӦԼǸҪǾǿú컨ţҪκ۸컨ţһҪѺ컨Ÿ
ԼҲŵˣڵȻҪȥȥжڳУѾ컨ŵԼˣطôˣֱ֮ǰǼųҪ˾öģûа취Ҫõģܾܲһֱ￴Űɣ
Ǹһ»˶űΪԼǺ۸ģЩԼǼˣǾñҪܵԼĹƣ˵ҪܵԼ۸˵ʱѣ˵Ҹ磬ʲôط
ں컨ţų˭ǳ㻹뷢Ǽֱǳ룬ⱲӲطǿ˿˺ӣӦﴩ·ҳ÷ŻҲ磬ڴϵĻ¾Բֳ顣
ΪԼûǸʱڴϵؤﻹҸ˺ֻ֣ܹװˣϣҿԼˣԣҲףЩǵôģֻΪ˻ȡ裬ϣ˵Ĺעˡ
ΪܵʵĴѹϣ԰Լ뽨棬˵ЩµĻٶɽѽЩҵңһ֮󣬱ֱӱЩЩֱȥͶɱ
˵ԼĳһܴҵҵʱѾ˹¼ôأ
ΪԼһЩҪʡǮļԼĲҵȫ׶ˣҪ֪Щ棬ԲŪ٣ˣҿ϶֣ᷢʱ֮ǰȫûˣһţ̳֮ǰһֱǿڱرĺá
һ쵱֪ţ̳ţ̲ţ̷̣ۼӹģʱҾҲţ̳ţˣţ̳ҲˣԭӣǲһõĿڱƾʲôҪߵȥѡ
ǿԵѣҲֻһεģһЩʲôƷֻջЩ߰ˣûԼҪĶ۵СͰ͵ģȻһеֻ˵һδҶƭԼ
Լȫ⵽ƻʱϼ㣬Ǽֱǳ룬Ҫ֪ЩΪ׬ĵǮ֪˶ٵĴ£Щ̷ۣмһЩѧʣСӳ֮ЩͷЩֱӾˣ˵׬ǮҸ̸
ѵͲҪ̷һҲ̷ֻ֪ۣأ
ЩôҪȥ˼ź˵ʱҲӦǲʱ˻Լôʱû뵽ԺԼ飬ָȥأ챾ǲƽģһȴֲһˣҲΪʲôҶҪȥԭʵֻӲȤڳǴҶܹƽĻôʲôأ
ǲȥᣬȥ˾޷չȻ˳ҲǸоˣЩΪֶΣǿǲֶˣԼĿǶϼӶ࣬Щȫǻڱ˵͵һҵֱһѹȥ
Ϊ֮ǰһǮˣǮһӣӴȱǮԴСһôԼǲκ˵ģԵӿűڴܵʱ򣬾ͰһСŮóײˣǽأ
СŮ˷ͥ˼ȴֻǻһЩǮֱӰСŮ費ҪǮֻԼŮһй˵أ
Ǯ˸ǸٶͨһһֱǿЦǮ˸ӻܵ˱ӦѭҪΪʱԴӳȥջǻΪϵҵӦܵıӦҲرˡ
뵽֮󣬳㳯ЦЦȻ滨ȥ鲻ܹһȥˣȻĻ˿Ҳ˶ǣʱٷһʲô壬ɾͲðˡ
Լ컨컨ŵģɲֵģȻĻԼùЩ£Ҫ֪ƽʱϲԸЩĵ飬Ҳûа취ϾԼѾǣˣ²ܶС
߹ʱȴֻǿצĺţӼǶˣǲҺĻҾͲԷһᵹ˳ԷǾͿ˰ɣ˵ˣҲֳɵ⣬ΪʲôͲܸһأҲֻһٶѣû˼ҲҪ췴֮ģֻҪѺ׼ãʲôУ
ЩԱߵЩôôˣ׼ǰȥȰ裬ȴֻ΢΢ЦЦΪ֪ˣֱӹȥһһٱĻ黹ǲԲΪЩ˸ǲҪˣ֮ҲѾ˴ˡ
Ϊǿһ᾵ӣ˾رͬ飬Ҳܰѱ˵ͬĵԼʱأĻľñ̫ˣĵطȴǽҵͬڴϵЩؤ
ʵЩ˺ֺýŵģȫȥһݹҲ԰Ϊܹʡ£Ǳһʲôӣд˼֣Ȼ˵Լ౯ңϣԺ˸ԼһЩǮҲ࣬տʼԼʱ򣬳ǻĳ
ЩǮǺĶˣҲ;ú֣Ϊʲôأѵ˵ʲô߶ˣ;ѵˣľô
ǿ˿ЩˣܾЩ֣Գ;һ飬ȵе˶֮ҲǰǵȵҹʱؤİԼǸ̯λŲߣֽЩԼưȻȻһװģһ󷹵
һ۳ֱóЩĿɿڴЩôأ˿һǸƾɵӦջķᣬΪһ棬Ȼкüһٵġ


566 
Ҫ֪һܹ׬һٿǮĻһҪǮοЩ˸Ͳô͵룬뻹էֻ࣬ڵϰˣװ·˭ôģʲôҪܵʱҲֱڵ˯
ʱֱӰǮߣʲôʲôʲôʲôЩڳЩ͵ʱû뵽ЩԼʩᰮĵأ
Щ˶ϣ԰ˣԲŰԼǮ˳û뵽зˣȻһһ֪֮󣬵ǲںǮĶ٣
϶оһ㣬ΪƭĸоرĲˬοЩƽʱк֣ýŵĲȥԼҸȥţǵЩ飬УñӣҲԽԽ࣬ΪҶֺôĺܺ¡
ȵһգе˶ڵͬ飬ľͷϵˣȻ˳Ҳ֪ģԼ˵ٶҲûãЩҲԼ뷨ֻȥЩʩͬĵˣǰĸɣ˺ʵĻٷȥ
ǧҪ˾ͷԼİģҪЩ˱ĿӸɱˣЩ˹һЩͷȻڵϣְǮˣǸͷȷʵҲ˵һЩĺӣʱ
ͰȽŸϣָһ˵׼һӣһСڵĻţƶһССķ룬ҪĸȥҶرĿСӱϾôƶֽŻ㡣
϶ǱĸˣҪǲǮĻСӸԼˣֲȱôһ㣬ҲͰǮóŵСӵУЩζ벻ЩǮ޷䵽СӵĿڴ
ЩСĲߣҲЩͯ˸ˣЩ˼ֱرĺݶȥ֮󲻻Сʲô˳ԣֻһѾ˵ͷܹάУΪʲôأ
ΪǸСӳԵİװֵģԺ˭СأﶼװֵС϶ǳƭ˵ģֻƣӪĺӣȴûб֣ˣ뵽֮еҲͲںֱӾͳԼİģС
ȴûз֣Լİзˣ˸ˣͳƣ˺Ƕƭ˵ģҲ˵ȻЩ˺ں컨ŵЩĻǼٵģ
ЩҲΪһ£ϾϣЩ˻۸˺Ź˺ЩҲΪ֪Ҷ˾֪ˣԼҲʱǸ˺ˣû뵽˺ж
ҪԼĽǮ͵ߣԼݺݵ˦һԣȥˣ˺ѾˣٰԼ𶼶ʧˣĻЩ̫
˵˳ҪЩˣЩǲܵĻôԼİҲװ׷ˣȻ˳֪컨ŵЩ˺һЩϵ˺Լʱ򣬻ʮֵ𾴣˵Ļ⼸һӦҲǸϻͷˡ
ǰɹ飬ҲûйϵˣΪԼ֪Щһҵ˰ĸ壬˵ҵһôͲԸȥǰһţ˵ʲô¥ãֻһЩƽСݣʰرĸɾ
һţһЩѼСԱϪˮţסڸɽϿǶʲôȱ
ΪطʲôУһҪЩһСļУѾγһСģĳÿ˺õģǰ˺Ϊǰָŵ
ͻȻԼ޷ܣԲ뻩ȡ裬Լֶһݺݵѵһ٣ߺݺݵıһ١
ֻǰİ취һﻹǻ뷽跨ΪЩˣα겻αİ취ԸȥΪ˷ʱ䡣
ֻߵȻǸʦ˵ȻһԺ⣬͸һɣϾҶףһǰҪʱ򣬿϶Բ⣬ֻųЩǰȻô컨ˣǾһҪ˵ˣֵǮ
컨ţµųʱǸŵ˼ĻȴЩ֪룬Ϊ鲻õû뵽ųȻ˵üĿ
ֱӾʦԼˣһʱ֮䵹ǲ֪ȥӦˣԱߵҲЩ죬ѵǴ˵еųղŸոյõϢųǰǸųˣųҪչ컨ţʱ컨ı˵Ļ
ЩųԲ컨һĺضԴԼʱԼԴ¶ûˣЩȷʵˣΪЩŵˣųϺ컨һУųЩ¼ˣЩ˺ʲô
ƾʲôסţҪ֪ǿţȻ컨һţǱϾģҲǸ죬飬쵹ûзκεҲΪʲôһֱ컨Щԭ򣬶ԼЩ˺ûͬҲûзԣųһֱЩ˺߷ߵĲƽΪġ
Ϊ֮ǰӲʱһ˺С˵©죬Ȼųʱ㱻ųһ٣ҿ컨ʱϵų֧ˣǾΪ飬ųƽӣǼֱǺ֮ǣһֱһᡣ
طЩ˺ȫҲΪʲô֮ǰųҪطռԭʵΪԼҪ컨ĲƲţҲһˣͲǮƣֻΪ˰ƶƻҲͦɶģ˼
ʲôˣûŵǮǰҿ컨֧֣Ǹųֻۺ죬ȴҶ˵ʲôŰƻ࣬Ҳǵȥ˵һЩǸûã֪Ϊʲôϡ
췴ǲκֻ˵˵ųԼ⣬ûа취ϴûˣԼĻǰϴһԼֻܰ鵢ǵ˵컨˵ʱųһͳ˹Ϊ˰ط١
û뵽컨ųȷʵ˳ôųЩˣԼôôùź컨ˣԼҲͿֱӽӹΪڶŵϹܼңû뵽鲢ˣ֮ǰԤȫˡ
ܿˣǸʦر𲻸˵İ⽻ǸУȻݺݵĿһһһжǳԸģԼҲΥֻεҡҡͷȻ˽ȥ
õʱһʱЩ죬һʱ֮ȴֲ֪˵ʲôãæܵһߣ׼ȥû뵽ȴסˣֻ΢΢̵Ҳûж˵
ųҲǹģֻͻȻЩǧҪңϾѾôûгԵôõĶˣҲ֪ģҪǲϲĻԺһˣҲҪңڸոյزģһЩ϶ᡭ


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̫£һȻŵÿˣóøЦˣôһˣԼʲôû˵һ³ӣԼô
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ҲԼŵһȦףһķǮƭ˹ȥ˾ĲҵҲŹ˼㣬ҲһƽʱԼͲģԼŵĻҲǰ˳ԲŻɽ־أǰһ⡣
ȥҲǸĸˣһʱ֮ȴֲ֪˵ʲôãȻˣףһбһȴ޷йԼһѹϾԼĴ󵱼ҡ
ĸ˵֣Լһȥһ͵ùԹԵذԼݰ£ȻԼûл쵰̶ֳȣǣΣ
Լ滹ǾЩģϾһ˵ľ޴ԼܹԼЩãԼҲʲôֲˣֻһҪõˣһƾʲôأ
˵ļ򣬳Űο֪رףʲô˵ܹģ϶㣬Ҳ֪ģһˣҿӣӦҲһݵˣǰܵ˲ƽĴɣȫҲȫ԰Ѷ
ΪԼһѵ⣬ϾԼ֣˭˶ǲ˵ģû뵽ǰĳȴǶԼչˣԼʱЩ棬뵽Լǰ
Լ֮ǰԼǸҲǰңһһĴҵһܴĲҵԼ˹˾һһӣҲѾ˼£ÿ°֮󣬱ؼҳԵĿɿڵķˣǶģرʵ
ûǮ֮ȥŮˣû뵽ԼȴûסԼţԭ˹̫æԼڼû˼ԼĶڹѧŮ˾ȻһСÿڼ죬һ챻˸ˡ
ҪŮû뵽Ů˾ȻԼһ֮ǰͬʹ˵һ飬Ͼž飬ҲͷŹǸŮˣô򵥣
ж֪ģЩŮһܵ˱ǼƥҲģԵȵ˰Ÿԭ֮ű䱾ֱӰѼҲеĶȫתԼǸС£ţԼָǸСˣΪͽĻǿе̫ˣΪŮ˾ȻֱСһȦס
Σҿѹ˾ʲôȫѺ˲ű˳һףһ⵰ǸСԼȴǳ˾µҵģԼ˺ʱԼŮ˵ʱҪȥŮֽ̹ȴݺݵĸˡ
ԼֻܹˣΪЩŮ˵£Լʵ⻹ҵģϾǮû˻Լ׬뵽ŮˣȻԼĶӣԼԼĶҲԼϵ˵ĸӹϵʧˡ
ԼʲôϵûˣӹϵûУ޹ϵҲûУֻʣԼһ˹ģڴҪԼӦõõİɣ˭Լ̫ǸŮأ뵽ԼвŻһȵ컨֮
ԽԽܣûеطйҲû˵ֻãҲͱˣǿǰƵӣжʱ˸⣬ԼĻ
ͺðˣ˵ԼǻˣҲȡֵˣղ֮ôҲҸ˸Լ˵˵ддԼĿˡ
ʵĲΪģϣųǧҪңֻʲô˶ûˣҶ֪ȥϣʲôԼĶӶңôһʵˣʲôûãȫñ˸ƭˡ
˵ЩֹóرĸдߵЩк컨ˣ˽µЩ˺涼رܣҲ˺һ顣
ʱһζҪһȻҵǰ˵ˣѵŮռ˱˵ļҲȻֱӸϳͿ
˱ˣˣֻϧԼ˳Ѿ¶⣬ζҪ˺ǰļҲοԼˣƾʲôԼôļҵȴǱ˾͸׾ٵŪ˹ȥοСϵ
ŮҲǿɶ񣬸ôãȴѡˣ붼˾ҲǵģƽʱʵҲͰˣ飬ôܹȥֻñ˸ˣοҲΪһ㣬ԲŻľ۸˺Ҳǿ
һϰӱ˸Ū˲󻹱ϵ˴ϣŪһĶӶԼǸҲǵģĻǼٵģ
ҲӦöԼİְɣ룬Ҳûô򵥣ȷʵӣǸΪԼĸ׸ĽǮһѾԼĸߣҾȻǸС°ְ֡
ž;ĺڵѵˣ̾Ǯǵ˿ȥ;öģյǵûˣοԼ׵ȴҲͽˣܹԼҺ컨ŵЩˣ￴Լ
Լ⣬Ȼ԰˰ɣֻ΢΢Ц£Ѿ¶˷ӣҲҪ˺ļҲҲû飬Ҳ컨磬ЩԱ֪
Լֻ˵˵ʵҪ컨ţ׷󣬸οǴȥʱ϶컨⣬һõĻᡣ
ĺˣͽҰɣһģһ㹫˾һǿߵģңһҪңǺ컨飬ֿ׼ò˶ʱ䣬ͿԿĶع鵽ߣǵּ
˲豭˱һڣȻŸһ֤Щ֮󣬶ʱм飬ֱӹڵϣʹĿͷҪ֪ԼⱲĴȹһϾԼѾˣԼѹ붼룬Ѿñ˸ߵĶ
ôˣοҲ֪ģһӦҲطһֱ˵¹ĹһӣƾʲôҪأ˴ҵףһѵʱŮһǸŮҲ̫ûˣȻڳɹ֮Ͱ˸ˣһеļҲȥ


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ϣ϶ЩСģŮżһǮˣЩɹʿһ㶼һЩˣҲͳЩ˵ѡЩŮˣΪѰһõɷҲΪ˽һõļͥҪһõıҪһõĽǮ
򵥵ľзгûһĻͿֱӹˣЩֱӳԼ壬ԸΪ˵ҲҪõǮϾõ˽Ǯ֮󣬾ҲҪܵⷽǱʣǲ֪Ǯ˵ĶûˣŻʲô˼أ
ȻЩ˲ںЩֻҪûǮˣôЩЩʱҪʲôĻûأǴ󲿷˵ʱôǺܿͰ뷨סˣΪԼܹеĺ͸
ϸһܼ򵥣ഺ׸һͷӣͷӲûԼеĶȫ㣬õֻеһСĲ֣ഺҲķˣҲ͵ϵʱǮҲûǮɡ
Ҳиѭˣڱ˵ǸѭǶ˵ȴһСѭΪӱеõֻһСֽǮԾܹҲֶֻܰӣʱЩСֽǮȫƭ֮㻹ʣʲôأ˼Ǹˣ
ϾŴĽǮ˼νҲںһ㣬ȫһˣ㱾ǿ˸ģְѱ˸Ķñ˸ƭȥʱֻʣԼ¹µһӣЩֻ뵽ǰû뵽δΣڱϣԺ˭ֻ֪ôأ
һĦгϻߵ綯Ҳһ˵ˣЩŮ˵ԸڱϿޣҲĦгЦֻ˵ʱҪڴҪʱܲܿ޵ĳЩֻǿǰЩ棿
ԺΣԼǿ͸һУṳ̤̂ʵʵ׬Ǯı죬ԺֻܿЩûõ취ԸڵοһЩҪΪ϶ҲЩˣӴũģ㻹ҪֱµϳΪĸ߶ʿǾԲܵģΪһһϢʵ޷ܣ˵ЩǮ˵
ɲô򵥣ʲôֽԣֻС˵˵İˣʵ֮л֪ҪٵüֵܹﵽϿȥ͵ӣ˭ŸŵĲȻźѾƣɫĸ߸ЬȻͷϴһЩص鱦һLVİмأ
ͺŽף¼˻ݳޣЩǹٶԼļҲţΪ°Ѹи¶ʱͻԼΣգ˵ЩͽץߣЩҲЩҲǶʲôأ
ǮǳΪЩвı׼סһƶСݣÿ춼һڼ㣬ΪһЩɿڵķˣȻȥûµʱ죬̽һЩ˵ԵԶһЩ԰ȥɢɢһЩ˵֣֮Щȴȫϲ
˵һʹ࣬ǱԼԾҪЩе˵ĳϣΪеߣҲǿûԼֻñ˸ŪŪ֮󣬽ˣʱŻԼӦñǰ־ɵѾûˣֻֻƵ
ĵԼӣǶ಻ʤʵ˵˵ˣЩ˲ΪǰһЩˣʶһŮˣտʼʱһر𴿽İҲرƯǶеŮ񣬽ջһӣҲǸԼС÷Ск
Щ˵û뵽ЩǮǻҪĿ죬Ժܿ˾ͳСŮ˱ԭ˴һ٣ˣҪȥһԭȴҲûУΪǸͽˣǸ÷СкŮôʱȴǺͬ飬ʲô취أ
ЩܣʱŮ˲ǸߵĻҲѾˣСкҲѾԼĺӣһʮҸ԰Ůжʱ񱻵һ㣬ʱԼΪֽԵСкСкҲ˺ܳʱԼĿϵˡ
˼һҵԼҸûа취ŮֻܵЩԺЩģȥһЩܹĹջȾ˲ԼķˣֻܹԼֱܹˣ˭Ůô̰ģǲĻŮرľʣȻˣҲ֪
ڱϿȥûʲôǱˣ˵ǱЩ˿ЩδؾϿȥЩӣΪЩ˾ǱЩǮˣ˭֪ԺǮˣһһĻܹģ뵽֮󣬳ǵǰˣһ˿ı׼ȴԼŸˡ
ԼһҪһŶߵĶŪˣ뵽ֱ֮ӴԼ֮ǰ컨컨ȻǮĲǱģһɫɯ٣ЩˣһﻹǮˣ뵹ҲǣϾ˼ҵĸоһ֣ʱǸŮ˵ʱͨŮ˵ʡ
·Ѿµˣο֮ǰԼҲ˵컨Щ棬ǾеˣҲΪʲôҪռԭҪ֪ûĺոʱЩϰߣûһѾЩʩر˽ˣԱ߿
Ҳǰһеȫ˵һ飬Ҫ֪컨ˣ״ȷʵûκεı仯ԭ컨Ǹôһ˾ǮԤ֧Ԥ֮УŮܵ˴ɽ֮ӿߵʱԾɸ˾ṩһЩ㣬컨ڲһС˾ֻʱǺ컨ģû뵽ȴԽԽ
ҼŮͶʣھ͸ӵǿˣֱ붼ûͽֹȻҲǸģ˵˹˾黹Ҫ֣ûֵĻĲ֪ôȥϾһͷûС
ô̯ӣҲЩ֣ҲȥȥȻĻܹҪиʱ
ͨǸ˺ԼĵַܿҵǼҹ˾ģȥȻǼҴ˾˵û컨ĸ׵Ǹ˾󣬿ܹҲиģģ˳˳ֱӳ³칫ȥˣΪʮֵżĹŮǸʲôĶ
Ż˺ǸӣԼеǹɷѾӿͷôǲܹ˼ȥǹ˸˵ȴǸ˺ԼǸƶϴ棬˵һˣܹҲʱ


569 
ʹƿʱһ󴺹˵ǰԭԹŮȻ֮£˽ʱ򣬶ʱŵøϽ·ϸĴһ£ҪǾݵĻѾĲˣԱߵСȷʵòΪʲôźúõӲȥҪһš
뵹ҲǣûǮĻСһôܻᵽίԼϵĻ˵ǹرҸͻȻ˳ԹŮҲǺܾȣ˿ӣٿԱߵŮ
ĻѾ³ˣ˿϶Ǽ򵥵̸ģҵƾѾԼЩˣǲô˵Լҹ˾Ķ³˱ߵ˳ǰϸĴһ³û뵽˳þȻԼСҪӢ
СϵĻŮһȥҳԱߵҲ绨ģǸСһ¾Ϳˣ̥Ǳȴֲ˵Ͼ˶ΪϵˣԼһֻҪнǮλľͶҪˡ
˶ᰴԼҪЩȴˣڳǰҪóԼǼֱǳ룬˵컨ŵųŮʲôƾʲôҪЮȻѾˣ֪ҪԴ˱㼱æǸ飬裬Ȼд¡
֪λǰΪ£ϾǰزʶҪǸʲô˾ĻǹƻҪһϾ߻Ҫʰһ£Щļ֮ģǶûС
ŻΪģΪ˸Լû뵽ȴǶǱˮʹĺһڣźݺݵĽˤŮѾֵزȻҫΪ˾Լ
ǴǸ˺Ůô³λϣʵ۾֮Ѿʱ˺˵һУû龰˺ڵ¿İ󣬿ȴǸǸС˺
Ͳ˺˺׼ؼҵʱȴŹЩڸ˳ȥǼĻֱȭߣҲʡԼһеһжѾӳڳԺ֮УʱҧгݣǰŮ֮ǡ
Ѿǹ˾Ķ³Сǹ˾ܾһһͣûб˵λˣֲ˺ûеطȥڽҪʱСҪСݺݵıһ١
⹷ﵽͷϣҪ˵ͷʺˣЩϲҲӦÿԴ͵ðɹҪǰѹĻʱ⹷飬黹ѿԼΪ˳а飬ȻҲ˵ʲôûֹۿ˵͡
һЩΥˣûбҪ˵ЩΪЩһģ˵ǸģȥһȭͷҲ˳Ϊ˺ζһ˺ôꡣ
ܹôļҵոս˾ʱ򣬳͸ӵظܵ˾϶˺ܾã֪Ǹ˺˶ٵѪֲûʱţϾôĹҪȥôһֱʱżأ
Ų۰Լɷ򣬷죬ôҪСȻ˾ôסһȻϻҵĸȥˣõҵڴϳ˺˶ȡЦҪĸͲ¶ȻЦ
˵ĻҲǵһμˣǰǿЩ˰ŸǵһμŰԼɷҲ̫ʵˣԼû˵ʲôʱ򣬶ʱܽһĺӡ
ȥӦϸ˰ɣûвҲѾ֪ˣСӿ϶֮ǰǸ˺Ķӣӻص˾֮󣬾Ȼֱ䡣
ȻԼĵҪǮȻֱӹǸСеأ˼ֱ˶ģСҲǸҪģŴģĸײҪСӾͲҪһȺҪһˡ
񿴵һ˶ˣôҲͺðˣ˱Լվ˿ǰЩˣЦЦ˵ҽΪ˱ģΪһҪ˱ӦõõĶǺѾռ̫ˣǲӦýˣ
һʱˣԭ˵Ϊ˱ģΪǸ˺ѰһǰЩƸǾǲܵģԼѾЩռˡ
ô³أοԼѾϰ߸Сһˣû¶ʱ͵˾ϰ࣬Ȼֿų°һȥˣԼĶҪһЩǮĻֱӰѿôõƾʲôñ˸ˣҲ֪ԼԲǸ˺ԼҪľǿﻹܵأ
һڳ룬Ǳ׼ǸСʹɫȻñ˸ȥû뵽ȴֱŽԭСͲµˣû뵽ûߵǰ
ͱһȭͷڵϣʱԱߵһһߵڵأֱεԱߣһöûУǰǸŮ˸ŻˣţŵøϽССҲŵЩ
ǸСӣ׼ȥȴһ§뻳УȻסСкĲӣϾһ̫ɶˣΪ˽ǮԼ׵ҪΪŸСһһЩǮƣСһΪΪ
ΪֿУȻԼϵԼ˵˵ʱ˺ڽԼӣʱһͶˣû뵽ӾȻΪԼĸ׷ԸζҪһһǮƣԼӾȻűԼ߹ȥˡ
˺Ķһ죬ҿһˣȻĻǸ˺Ѿ֪˶ˣ
Ѿóرߣ׻˵úãĸӲӵǰļһôܹԼĸأԼǲһѵĻһﳤԺ󻹲֪ᣬΪһʲôĶµʱᣡ
ʲôϿſҵĶӣҪҪǮĻҿԸǣҪҪģǾԲܵģҺòװ˾ǻҵȥΪô𣿡
ĵԼˣǸżæ˵ҴӦǮǿԵģԱߵСʱЩˣȴֲұֳֻԱ죬ϾСֲԼģǱЩɱˣԼǸˡ
ֻߵŵǰǺݺݵһƣȻЦ˵˵̫źˣҲǴģҲǲ֪ɣҾͱǵĴǺ컨ŵģ쵽Ϊ˰Ĺ˾ûȥҪٸֿĻʱֻǹ˾ûˣĹϴҲŹģСӣʵ̫ˣϴֻѵѣ
Ȼһӱ͸е˼ֻݺݵİСкͷ˺ȻˤԱߣⲢģֻСкⱲӱưҲˣ˵ôɺ޵ĺӣСӣ˿϶ʲôöԼ֮ԸСһǣΪϾûеˣҲӦģܹӦҲǶˡ


570 
ȻӶԴԼĸף붼˾ÿɶԱߵˣ˳֮󣬶ʱȴֲҶ˵ʲôΪ컨ǸʲôĵطԼƽͷգôЩŵأ
컨ű󣬾ǸϷţϷţЩ˵ĵӶˣҲͲ֪룬һʱ֮䶼ˤɳϣȴֲ֪˵ʲôãѵľҪѹ˾ж
ԼСô꣬װ׵ģøˣ϶ЩԸģŮ˾ȻֱӴԱͳǹ׼ֱӸУ˭ҼԼŮʵ̫ˡ
ûаӵװϵģѾץںݺݵˤԱߣ֪Ѿûа취ˣֻĿСǶûа취ˡ
׼ߣȴסȻϵһذףһʹĳȥʱһȶзˣȻֳҪĲλ˽ȥΪ˱ģֻΪһ֪Сɲôõģ
Ȼȥƻ˵ļͥȻĿĶΪǮƣһﲻϲ̫ţԸ˶ϳ˹˾Ǹ˺Ҳ˹ҹرĿģ˺ֱӴԼĹ˾ͳһǧȻ׼컨š
ˣҲǸŸǸСԼǸСӣȫϵϳΪ˺ܵ˵֮ǰЩǮʱ򣬲֪۸˶ĻᣬҶŹЩӻвҶʲôģȫӵЩ˵ͷϣȥ˾ÿЦ
Ȼˣһлʲô˺ݺݵѵЩ˵ʱ򣬴ҵжһһʵ˾Ҫܵ˵˺ʱʵ˷ͷҲҪЩ˵ػһںڣʱôһ˵ֱӸɱˣôûзĻᣬȻǲܷˡ
Щ׼ȥʱû뵽Ǹ˺Ķӣȴ׵ʹعڵϣȻͷ֪ˣ˺Ҳرܣô˵ԼСĶӣ˵ˣҪǸڱôܻӷԼأ˱㼱æ顣
ϣԼĶӻصԼߣ˵ԼĶӶѾưͣزʲôķˣ˿˺ͣҲףϾѾ˵ֻôһӣԼӸǸĻЩˣֻЦŵͷ
ҲͬʱӣԺٸ֮ǰĻֱӵСǸӣŵøϽͷʹĸͷ
û뵽һδƽһոĻź컨ŵһСܾͿųܹȻ߳ԼڲĹ˾һ⣬ΪϣһЩջˣѾҵ˹˾Ҫù˾⳥е֮
ҲЩΣôԼոյô鷢ˣԭЩջˣеıһЩɵģȥǸҲǷһˣ֮ǰ컨ڵʱ
ͶЩ˺ݺݵĳֽѵЩǿֻµųٴһԣ뵽ҲˣЩ˸ԼЩԸԼҲûа취Щ˳һųԭ컨ڲŪһ˾
乫˾ȻҲӵ⣬û뵽ЩˣЩ˾Ҫ׬ˣһҹ˾˾һЩ̣м䱾ˤ飬;Щ˹Ǹ·ϣһЩ·ϡ
˵һЩʯӣ󿨳ʵǲͨˤһ룬մĹ˾컨⳥ļǮۿžɣ컨ʲôˣǾԲЩ˵óѵģֱͳ֤ݣȻЩ˾ȥûа취Ȼ˼Һ컨ˡ
Щ˾˵֣Ҳ͹ԹԵЭˣɳɹԼȡļǮڵðװ׵İԼЩˤˣ˵컨Żų֮󣬶ʱ뵽ӣ֮ǰ컨ƽ⡣
µųͲһܹˣ뵽ֹ֮ʼʩЩˤˣĽ֮󣬳ҲˣʱЩЩѵ׬ЩĵǮľͺܿ
οô꣬װˤˣ֮ǰָôȥ룬˼ҷôͶվΪıƣȫһƬЩ޷õģһûõ
ЩһԼǮ˾رĲֲǵһμ֮ǰںڵʱ򣬲Ѿ
Ҫϰϰ߼۵ķˣӺЩߣҪɣž˾öģЩ׬ЩĵǮʱ򻨵ʱĻԼָɾ𣿾ĳԵģҲʲȥɣ
ô˵ڼȻ˼ҶѾˣԼܾаɣοԼ棬Ѿ컨ŵԼļң淢飬ѵԼԱ߿ԼԸɲ飬˵ˣڲĹ˾֮ǰǸ컨ĸԸΡ
һҪ˾󣬲Ϊ˱ģΪ֮ǰ컨ô룬ϣӵһԼĹ˾ˣԼеȻ׵ģҲǴӦ컨ĸףֻЩˣֱǲˣ֮ǰӺ컨ҲͰˣھȻӺԼ
ҲȥԼʲôˣ˵˶ϵ飬κεЭΪ֪ЩƽˣֻȥռˣôȥĶԴˣʵⲻֻҪ׬ǮһҪ׬еĵԼ˵
Щϰ嶼ǴûΪģΪֻи֮󣬱˲Żȫ˽⣬ǸģҶµʱݺԼңҷ㣬黹ûаɣڻ·ϡ
ϣܵķ羰ȻرҪΪԼˣҪ֪ոյ컨ŵʱرĽţµʱ˵ٰЩСǸǵˣȻ󲻻϶Լϴ󣬲ô飬Ҳ֪ˡ
컨ŵЩСǣһЩˣԼú£ֻҪԼЩСǱᷴԼҲΪʲôԼһֱԸȥԭʵԼӦ뿪ˣΪԼҲףֻҪ컨ŸףȻʣµ齻Ҳͺˡ
ɵĺ컨ôʵԼҪǿֻϧѾͷһֱǺܾǿԼôȰ˵Ѿͷͬ⣬Լ뿪ԼֻΪ˴ţҲǸϷ磬ɲר컨ŵģֻмӴġ


571 
뵹ҲãܹѾϷŵģֻҪԼõһЩɿϢҲ֪м䷢ʲô飿Ǹ쵽Σ
Ҫ֪һԣǸų˿ȻرĲˣʱصϴߣҲǸߣȫȫĸ죬֪һѾΪϴ
û뵽ųͼӴ֮󣬶ʱ治ζû뵽Ѿſ񵽼ˣԼߵҵĶУԼûиһһɫƣȻĻһҲô󣬸ҸԼߵԣʱԼɱ˺컨
ȷʵرĲģô˵ҲԼô꣬ȴԾûе컨ϣΪ캦ԼǸĸԼô󣬽Լհ˼ҵĶӸˣԼȷʵûκε棬ҲҪǸ컨ΪʲôҪԼ
ΪʲôҪǵһǺ컨ȻԸΪ˸ǸɵϣǺ컨ЧԼĻԼԲú컨κ飬ֻ¶ѾˣԼٺڣҲֻﰦ̾ϧ³ԽչԽˡ
ҲףһٲĻԺһΪڶ컨컨ҪȻˣԼҲ쿪ʤϾһжд̣Լ룬мҲһЩ飬ԭԼǸ뿪˹˾֮󣬹˾ЩȺס
ȴԾûдӦŵҪ֪Լţȫ˾֧ţҪĹ˾˦ƹģǽ¾Լ룬ȻһеһУԴԼɱ˺컨ԼҲǺΣԼҲκ˵ǸԼ̵ϴ
Լ裬ľ·ԼҲκεıʾԼС֪ĶԼãԴһ컨̸֮Լ۳׸ıˣҲԼԼΨһˣԭ컨˵ζҪȡϴĵλȻԼȥ뵽ʲôˣ
֮ǰոҵԼˣΪ֮ǰ죬ڹ¶ԺﳤģͻȻһ˾رĸˣҲһ壬û뵽ԼΨһˣȻҲԼЩѹˡ
οԼʵҲҪϴĵλȫø컨ģǾΪе£춼ıˣԱܵӣҲ֮ľԽԽԶʵʱ貢˼
ֻǸԼĶӣʱϴ󣬶ҪԼ磬Ļһﲢû˿ҲϷ
Ƕˣʲôֻһ飬Ǿǰʱвʲôŵ˸ɵȻһ﹦ǿΣǶһǵ֮뿪ˣҲ֪ģһ֮ǰǸͷӸɱˣǻҪСһ㣬ҪǴ򲻹Ļʱ߾С
ֻʮɵĳߵų˵Լ¶Ҫһˣųо͸ӵˣԼΪ֮ĹϵԽǰ˵ķԼϴͻԳӵᣬ񿴵ԼĿĴﵽˣųб࿪ˡ
æͷȻְԼģȫԼϴһĽ飬ҲǿˣϾԼرңǳԼıܣΪʲôԼһ㶼أ
˵ԼǸһǴ̵ģر欣ԼߣԼķ·;иĻûиܵ컨ľˣ·һ죬һֻԼߡ
͸СʱһԼΨһһһԼʱرҸģֻϧҲزˣԼֻܹӣѡĻᡣ
ԼһԼװıȥɣҪ֪ųҲػԼϴߺܾˣϴ֮УҲǿóԼϴ컨رѹģȻȥĻµʱֻǵϴ󲻸ˡ
뵽֮󣬱ֱ׼ȥϾô˵ҪĶѾˣֺοһ˵һһԼŭĻǸ֪ǱϴѵŵøϽƨȥˣϴԸ飬һȴȫ˶ζҪѳɵҲԼе뷨
ص컨ŵʱֻڲĹ˾һֺˣһӦþǴ˵еǸžһմɹ˾ܴˣҲҪλ֮ǰ컨һٳ֮һҲˡ
ֵƻʼʩЩЦģɵĻҲҪͬһԴˣô룿Ϊ˶ɵӣϱضϲɵˣ֮ǰҲһǸرĸЦҪϹʱǸ˾ֱӵ˵ϡ
Ȼȵ֮ͣ˱Լĳֵ£תһȦȥֱЦǾӣǰǸŻˣϾ˼Ҹղ￪û뵽ǰһУײˣȻҪģӱթˡ
ҿ³˽Χ֮ǰԼǶƵһǸɵرҪԸȴһȭڵϣŵҲҵˣԺôͲ֪ˣԼһǰˣԼĻɵˡ
϶Լܵ˺ۣҪЮˣʱһᱻƭˣЩǲвײͲĻ˵ָôأ
ֻҪǮѣȻĻǾҶײ£ȻǮȻЩ飬ȴóú˼ҲнֵɲЩһɵĻǸֱӰײȻԼһЩǮЩɵ֮ǰӦһ£ʲô˸ȥң
ʲô˲ȥңȻ鱾ͲӦģڷģžȻôԼԼ滹뿴ֻʲôķԼ滹ͦڴأ֮ǰԼ͹ˣһһ٣ٶ£ǿˡ
߽ʱžо֪ǰ˿϶֮ǰǸոεųԼ¶Ҫų˵㣬Լ֮ǰɹƭЩ飬֪ܲܰһɱε
Ȼǰĺ컨ԼǾԲǵģûԼȡˣ˵ԼҲһЩϣϾ˼ҸոΣ²ôԣԼͨЩ飬ҲѾɹƭٵ˾ˣ˾벻Щջǽ⳥ԣǰžѾ֪ƭ˶ˣ
ڲΪܣΪ٣ܾƭԽ࣬ԼõԽ࣬ʱԼǮԽ࣬Ȼˣ˭ҪǮأ


572 
ֻ;Ǯôأǰȴô룬ԼԼпʱźЩ֣ҲǸ˵ģʵܶ˾ʱ򻨲˶Ǯ
ȴһֱȥ׬Ǯת֮ͷԷסˣʵͻŶ٣ȴֻΪ˿Ǽ֣һӣ⼸֣⼸ֽǮ׺ŪסˣЩˣⱲתһת
пܹλ֣ЩһȴֻλǻһеһУҲ֮ı仯Ȼˣʵһӣʹܻ٣ÿҲͻЩǮססһСҲһСǻҺôռ䡣
ǴҲ벻͸ЩЩǮһǮ֮󣬾͸ӵǮΪǮԽԽãҲôģǳȴãӰȡ֮еϾǮֶ˭ϲأⱾǹһֽʣȥʲô
ҪǮóȻĻ˭㵽ʲôˣȻȨ֮£ҲԻýǮȨǮľǺ˵µžȥüĿģһʲôöԿóһ϶׬˲ٵǮ
ǸոεųɣʵεΪ˱ģΪ˾һЩ飬ίǰһЩմ꣬û뵽;ȴǳ飬ʲô֮ǰŵģ⳥ǣ⳥ȻĻֻܵԺȥˣ˭˵ģǷ¶ý˵ǲأ˵ҲûҪѽֻķⱾӦ֧ġ
žǲæţֱӴԼĹİͳһźͬȻ󽻵УϸĴһ£ȷʵģҵʱǺ컨ŵʱǩԼ֣һӡһжȷϵ޷٣ֻзḶ́˭֪أ
ҿȥ֮ǰļ¼óˣȻһУžǲ֪ģžã㲻Ǹ󿨳װƵͷɣģһȷʵžʧˣԭ컨ôˣôܻЩ顣
һ˸ˣʱ޷أѾ뵽컨ƵͷǮҲÿһװһЩƵͷܹЩһȫĶž޴ѰοǸʱûзֻΪЩˣ·һЩ·ϡ
·ϣ·ͲߣǼЩĻʱ϶Щմˤ飬Ҳǽǰžſôֱ׳ظвҲЩһʶ
Ϊ¶Ҫó֤֤ʲô˵û֤Ǿǹƨһ磬žʮָ߰Ȼ˹ȥĲˮʱװһӣϾ컨ţԼܹ˵ģǲ࣬ȻҸоãû뵽һУžй
ԭĲǱģǰԼͷǸЩСǸԼƵأȫŵԼĵϣֶ˵žǰƵͷֻһЩʮһЩӣֱһЩʯȫŵ·ϣɼٸŴ֮Ǳˣ
ǰžû뵽˾Ȼܹ쵽ֵزǲСȥҲԣ룬һʡǮҶǮĸôҪ϶ǲԼСǰȥˣʱҪһЩӰѺȷѣһȥˣžԱߵĲǱˣԭžš
Ϊɻ̫ˣžžȻֱӰԼϵĺɫ·ֱӰԼݸ¶ˣҪõͥϵĻȫΪ֤ݾ˵žܸ棬Ҫ֪ܸǿҪȥģ
ոտ֮žʱŻˣͷϳ˴δεĺˮȻֱӹڵϣİϾԼҲЩģԼĹ˾Ǯ̫ˣַֻܹĹ˾թֵĻҲ͵õԲĽ
ûеֵĻԼķϾ뵽컨Ѿˣų˭֪ǲǿַѣû뵽˼ȴһʮصĸԼȫһ˱˵УžҲֻˣֻϣҪЩԺ
ȻĻԼ¸ԼŶҪȥηˣϾɻףԼ׬ǮҲΪˣȻ׬ЩĵǮԼľս
һΰɣҲǹģʵҲô˵ûа취ҵĹ˾ʵ̫ˣҲ·ҵĹ˾¹˾еĳԱҪҲΪԼļ룬ΪԱǣҲһҪȫϣ֮ǰ֪컨һֱرǮҲŲѡ
ֻһ߹ڵϣһ߰ȻҲһ˵ĻƭԼӿթ׬ǮѵİЩǮõеʱ򣬾ûȥͿ
뵹ҲǣϾǰžôŵˣҪȥһó˾Ӧǲܵģһ˵ԼĹ˾أǱ㼱æһӣͲһ˵ģԭžֻΪԼһʲôоǮ
ԸûǮżͶ룬뵽Щ⣬񣬶Ѿ˳УȻ˵˵óЩǰװźϵˣıһɱ˵ĻһȥһرĿģ˽ԼǸ󱿵龰롣
о;رĲˬΪԼģȻҪǾԲܵģΪ˶žηԳ붼û룬ֱӰһｻ˾ֵ֣˵֪Ǻ컨ŵʱ򣬻һ
Ҫ֪Ǻİɣ֮ǰ컨Щֵ˻ҲǲģȻ˾ֵ˿ž֮󣬶ʱҲˣԭһѾȥٴˣֻǮ˹ϵܹģȴǺ컨ŸģҪȥĻûôˡ
ȻһֱڣžȻװ⣬˵ԼֻΪ˸ԱʣرˣֱӰԼǸݷŵһǰžԼı¶ʱ򣬶ʱֱ׼Ͷأû뵽ǰǸ컨ôôų͸ӵ
ԼԺҪСˣǿɹƭˣҲԲܹǰ֣Ϊһﲻ֪ҲǸӵģȻĻôԼȫҳˣž֪˵ٶĻҲûˣû˵ϻֱӸž׽˾ϣߵʱǳʮ˵һЩ
Ҫ֪žûʲôˣҶԺ컨ųųͶأΪ֪ǲֻһ԰컨ôã֮ǰҪʩСƣǴҵĴ͵ȥ죬ԺҲˣףǵԽԽ𣬵»ʱϣԸһλᣬұϾǺģΪǵ˾رĺãֻһŻĨ˺ڣ
Щûж˵ʲôֻЦŵͷϾҲԿóһ֪ˣȻĻ˼֮һҪúõĸ졣
ʱ֮󣬻ĿԸ˺ҲһȻҲûһЩ׵ģΪԼ˾һϲͨ컨ǸԼһ⣬ԼҲģⷲµ飬нķԼһҲҵ


573 ٰ
֪Լܹ컨һֱȥΪԼף˵ԼӦ컨Ҫúõչ컨ţԼҲԼҪȥϾԼҲҪɵģȻˣں컨ѾԼرľ
ٱȸոʱҪöˣ˵ЩͺðˣΪĺţûбҪûбҪᣬ鲢ˣЩţʵҲͨ˰ˣеıͨ˻Ҫһ㣬ΪЩ֪Ҫʲô
Ҳͨ˸ӾãԼĺеĸов׵ȴҲʱǱģΪѾ컨ŵˣѾ𽥰ԼµųҼ벻ԼˣĻǾԲеģҪ֪Լ˵Ӧ˳Ϊ˼ҵų
ҲܰⱲӵʱ䶼ķ˱컨ŵһ£Լͼææ뿪컨ţȥʱ򣬿ʱַչĺ컨ţЩᣬϾҲѾס˺ЩˣȻиġ
Ҳûа취ԼҲԼҪȥֱ̤·ܿ˴ϣߵʱҪԼǸɯٵĺóߣǳܾˣβ֪
ЩͲԼģƾʲôװ׵İռˣοԼҲ˵ζҪƾԼ汾£ѵΪ컨УԼͿ԰װ׵ؿ˼ôصĺȻҲͶӵԼˣôܻȥѭûа취Ҫ֪˳⼸죬Ҳ֪˳Ƣֻεҡҡͷ
ߵʱȴһٸ˵·ʲôѵĻʱһҪϾ컨ŵų컨ԶǳĺţǸҲǵģŮ˵ĻóůůģҪ֪Լϻôãô֪ܲ˭Լã˭Լأ
ǣȴԾûа취ϾЩˣҪԼ·ҲҪԼȥЩСǣԼ󣬺ƺƵĻԼ͸ӵĲζˣȴֻЦЦϾԼһ컹ǻģԼһţȷʵҲΪǺ컨иԼš
ܿ˴ϣû뵽ڴϾǿһֵ飬ֻһŮˣϴЩõģȴһȺ˸ץģȺ˾ȻһֱȻ˵ŮԼϱŮȴ󺰴֣ȥͲ룬ⷴóЩˣŮЩ˵ϱ˵ҲûбҪѽ
ҿȥŮҲһճɵɵˣҵʱŮ˶ʱ˹ȥһӱ㵽˳󣬶Щ˼׷ԼЩ˿ͻȻðôһˣʱЩһӣǺûʲô׼Ů˸ץסȴػ˻֡
Щ˶ʱֱӱƵһԣЩ˷·ǲϾ֣Ҫ֪Ůǿǻ˺ܴļǮ⵹óЩˣǸŮ˵һЩó𺳵ĻԭǰЩ˶һЩ˷ӣڹϰЩ˸ܡ
һЩ˻һЩŮ⻹һЩӣԼոյϵĹ֣û뵽ЩˣЩ˾סԼԼȥԼֻһŮӣʵûа취ֲ뱻Щ˸ߣҪ֪Щˣǿ̶ɽʱЩŮһļǮ
Ȼ󶪵ɽЩҰͷĹţҪ֪ЩǣɽһӵǮƸոչһϱģЩľ⣬ǰ˾öģûа취ɽ˭ԸȥأֻܹЩȥһЩʹĸŮЩ˶ŹЩѾ֪˶İˣպþ˳
ҲǴɣŮ˻̫ˣֻųĸ첲ϣζҪԼȻĻԼľҪ˷ӸߣʵݺݵƵһ֮ЩҲ֪϶ǸʮɵˣЩΪǰ棬ûа취ֻܹҪ֪ѾŵһϹǸϹǳ˺öǮȻһƯţط˺þãϾΪ֮ǰǸͷӣ˺öŮ
ƯŮѾˣòһ·ɱҧ𣬷ҪԼ飬ЩеȻǲˣǷ׷״Լͳ˸ոذףҪ֪ЩƽʱôģΪϾץһŮӣһЩŮ׾ٵС£ץ߾Ϳˡ
ǽȴһģϾǿ׳ҸղųһƣʱЩȫ㵹Ҳ˵һ£ԲһܹﵽЩ˷ӣƽʱЩҲ⵽ӦЩˣҲǴǸɽģеˣ֮ԸЩǩЭ飬Ϊ֪ЩһƽʱͿҡײƭ˵ΪŮʲôù
űֱӰŮƭȥ£ʱͲŮ˵ˣͲ֪жŮƭˣȵɽ֮ЩŮֻܹźЩԼϲǲϲЩõҲͰˡ
ЩģһЩ̬ͷӣԸոչŮִߣһЩŰЩŮҪߣǸյ·ϾͱץҪ֪ɽ֮һļûȵɽľѾЩ˸ˣ˵ɽˣЩˣȫ֪ЩεģҶ˵
ǰЩŮˣΪ˵һ죬ԼĶӻӣҲҪŮϱŮֻҪ棬һԨͲҪңЩŮеı˸ȣֻܹεΪЩ˺ӣж
ܹ֪һеһУΪЩ˷ӣһ㰹ǮˣŮ˵ģȻ˳ȻЩ˵óѣǺ룬˽ˣҲܹҵĸ˵ԼҪҵѡ
ЩŮȫȳĻ»ҪǱ뵽Уô˵ĻҪǰŮæǰŮѾųǸˣرΣ黹Ҫ뷨ӣȻĻŮΪԼҲǻˣ˳㼱æЩȫˡ
ȻЩɵȫԼϴ˹ǸŮŵøϽס۾ǳȴһЩ˫ڹݺݵĳЩһ˹ȥɵȫ˵ϣ޿κЩһҲ֪˳ֻŵƨˣŮڳرĸм
ڵǹǰݵģЦЦϽŮ뿪ˣϾԼһµļƻҪУǿȥûһʵŮ԰Լȥ飿
ôҲֻһ취ˣԼаŮװ뵽ЩϾԼһˣҪһʮƯŮӣȷʵЩڵģΪҵѣֻܹ뷨֮󣬳ͼæ棬һٷ


574 ȥ
һЩŮõ·ʱͿĨһ£˵ȥŮñƯȻҲûܹϳˣлЩ׼ģ˭֪Щ˿ڵĻ᲻ᵽԼߣ뵽ˣЩ϶һǻһĵط뵽Щ֮㼱æϲ鵽ˡ
ЩһƽʱЩŮ˸ߣˣȵʱ򣬱һһȻԾڴǸϿҸѽҪǲĻǸŬɾͰ׷ˣϾԼϵЩ·ЩŻ¡
ϾΪЩߵŮȻĻԼֺοﴫЩ̬˿˻ΪԼоأ뵽֮󣬳ȴֹ̬һֱվģȻӣûֻһȺ˹֮дӣǿŮرƯ
ʱ˳ϣҲЩƽʱܵŵŮһѽѽĽţȴֲҴĺУΪԼֻҪŴڣ¾ͻ¶ˣòƶƻѵΪͳû
ŻٿŮӣЩµҲͦٶȵģ֮ǰհǸŮӸǸŮˣЩŮôôޱոձ˷ӸˣȻôָϳֱǲҪˡ
ԼҲҪܹ̽ǸŮ˵ʲô˵ǸŮһֱڶԼʶһȴ˵
ŮҲ뵽Ҳʮ׳ŮˣȻ֮ǰԼǸˣֻڳ˯һʱȴԼѾһɽ֮УŮȻҲԼˣЩ˸ǿѹţȥû뵽ִɽ
ȻܹסˣԱһЩڴɽм䣬һ鲻ƽԭɻԱ߶һЩźӵŮˣó֣˵Ůڼ庢ӲˣΪʲôҪͷϣ뵹Ҳˡ
ϾЩ˶ǴģЩŮӣĲζеģŮ׼ߣЩ˺ݺݵİȴˣֻһȳһյΪѹЩŮ˺ܿ˥ˡ
ϱ˻ţ⵽Լ˵Ķһ㲻ֱƤݺݵĳ飬Ҫ֪ովһʱ򣬾дľʹĳһۣȻһŹһŮˣŮһǳŮǸոձģ˺ŮΪԼʲô飬Ůûá
ʱͱˣЩ˵׻ûôֱܹӾӰŮѵͲܹúõĽ
뵹Ҳǣˣ϶һЩũЩȥЩʲôϵƾֻҪзԾͿˣЩ˻϶ǿֵػŵģôǮһŮӡ
ҵȻͲŮӿͷۣʲô鶼ΪԼûѾǸ˺ݺݵһѣԭԼѾ˸ˣŮҲֵĵطȥˣ˿ԼҪĵطʵһС
ߵһȻһʮֳªˣҲǺ׳ʵǸСɣ֮ǰЩŮˣҵĶЩʲôͷӣߵСǰСа֮󣬶ʱʹŮֲ
Ȼ˵رƯȻĻǸ˷Ӿ˵æǮ˻֮󣬼ææصԼǸȻóһЩǮ⼸УЩ˷رĿģͰѳݺݵһƣƵǰȻǮˣžǰˣû뵽ô򵥡
ֲǰèץȻˣֱûһ㷨ʶȨôЩһȴ£붼ȻߣЩʲô
һЩˣЩ˷ҲǴȥģΪһ˷ˣű˼СӣһСŶӣǾú֣ЩСٴ󵨣ӦҲ֪ķɷ档
Ȼȴˣ϶ںЩ˽֧֣ΪЩһڳ˵ĿŵĴߣѵͲ¾Щһץ𣿵ʱԼʱм
ȴƫƫװûпӣҲǳرƣ˵飬϶վЩ˸ֹģֱӾ͵ûп͸ӵĸЦˡ
ȥǵһνӴŮˣԭĵ磬һȻóªɻȷʵͦģ˲ٵǮһˣѾȻԼ˵㣬˱׼ȥһȴһߵ˴ȥˡ
׼˵ȴóЬһӰ͸סţ㽫ŸϣҪһ˵ܹȫ򵹣ȻĻܹǽЩѸɵģ
ģԳûаԼļٷЩ·žԼЩŤҰԼץֻ֮ѽѽģʲô˵
ˣҿɲô򵥣ҵΪ˵飿ǵѾΥˣǺúõңʱһ߾죬һ̣ϾҲ޹ܺߣȻŮԣٿԽǲӦҵĻұֱӰɱˣҲûʲô˵ģӦʵŵĻǿԾԣ
һЦţһ߽ԼԴϵһű㳯ĴȺݺݵشһӣĺЩ˻Ϊǰʵ̫ˬˣŻӣЦ
ϾڴҲģ粻˵ˣһֱһȻѾ˽Ůῴˣôªƽ˿θЩ˵һˣҲֻһ˰֮󣬱ʵʵڵ׬ǮκĶҪȥɻ
κ˻ĶҪõ˵Ůոձץʱ򣬰ͼææȥˣ˾ѡ˳ЩҲ˼û뵽ǰԼţȻǸˣǰŻˣһ¿ðԼȷʵ˷
˵Լ֮ǰҲڿǣ˸ľͿ𣿿ԱǸԼԱסǸͷڲ֮ǰҲһŮŮʵ̫ǿˣͲͷĻû뵽Ͼͱͷɱˣһа
Ҳر𺳣ȴΪΪ飬֪ģǽƾԼһ˵Ǿǳ룬ӶѾٹôˣοȺ˷һ֧֣ǸϷţ֪һ֮󣬳жʱ߲ѡ
֪϶ǸйϵȻĻǶϹ˹ۣȻֻǿҲһ£˳͸ӵĳǸ֣Щ˷׬ǮʵҲûжܹԼĿڴΪҪһָϷţϾǾǼ򵥵ĺܣֻҪЩ˳۵ŮץȻЩϹǮˡ
˭ȥģʵ룬ЩôûģЩŮһЩЩ˵ݣͲˣȥ˵ЩһҲҪһ£һߵˣҲܵЩַʱʲô취أ


575 
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ͬѧʱ򣬴Ҷζһ£СѧʱЩ飬ǵȵۻʱ򣬴вŻףҶѾǰǸˣǰǸˣǴҵĶˣеֻʱȣЩĺõģЩûĺõġ
߹ȥͽᣬһľֻ䵭ĺ䣬Ҳ˵ģȻˣ̬˵ľӣֲǵһβŸдȵ֮ͻı䣬Ҳᵽˣûʲô취ˣҶѾȾˣѵԼǾԲͤͤġ
ֻñ˰֦ΪȺԭû뵽ͦʶ̧ٵģ֪ԭ֮󣬼æͷϳЩŮӶȳȥԭĸףҲǱģԼĸŹˣЩ飬رѹȻͷԼĸ׸ˡ
ҲΪʲôԼ޸ĸԭ򣬵Ȼ˶ĺӣҲ֪һǸŮǲԵģǱϾôˣ˭ῴأ
ҾٺãҲҪȥݰɣԼҲΪ˹ôΪ˰еŮȳȥҪ֮ǰԼڳŮȳΪ˿½ϾҪ˸ۣ˵ˣ뵽֮Ҳסˣæð·ĳ˱ĵطȥˣ
ոߵһݵʱ򣬳֮ǰǸŮӵĺȻǸŮӣֻһŮĲӣҪŮַŮƴֿŮƢѾµˣҲԼΪʲôĵԭ
ۿ󺺾ҪŮˣʮֵĺ¾ֱӳ˽ȥžͰ󺺸ߵڵأ󺺱뷴ȴ󺺿İʱŭû뵽ĳȻԸˡ
ȫûκεˣѾһ͸˭סűովߵŮȻָȥһңӶİŮ˳û뵽ܿͱҷˣʱЩ˷ӱˣЩ֪
ԭǸһ֮ǰԼǸ˶ʱܻԼеļһ˹еŮӶڰļУЩΡΡģ˵ԼҲףһܹߵĻ³ǺܿģΪЩŮѾЩ˸Ĳܹȥ˾رĿ
Ƨûʲô֮ģԾǳҲҸͷһҲͺˣֱó֮ǰǸڣЩһܺ£æοϾԼԱЩˣ˿Աߵİһﷴʮֵ򶨡
ӦĴԼˣ˵ǴˣǴ˶ڰرᣬΪһΪЩŮ˵Ҫ֪ЩŮ˶ڴ˵һСèСһ㣬ﵱһ԰ͬ⣬Ϊĸ׾ǵһŮˡ
ĸ״СͽԼǧҪԼĸһЩŮΥԵģĸջ˸׵Ҳ԰Լĸ׸ˣ˲֪ΪĸǲģҲûȥ롣
񰢱ǰЩ˸ŭˣСԼƽʱûٸСöԣȻͷҧЩһڣеȫΧסЩ˾Ȼֱӵ̣̫ˣû뵽棬ӵһЩۣǰЩŮŻˣæŮǰԼϵ·סϡ
ؼʱ̣ȻԼҵһ򿪣ԭͨɽģط򿪵ʱ򣬴ҶһĻᣬ˴붼ûֱӲȥȴǰŸˡ
ǸϿ߰ɣЩ˷еصĻغܿͻ׷ȥҿֵһӣҵͲԼģҵĸ׽̵ңζЩŮܵ˺Ǹҵĳŵ
˵֮󣬶ʱصŸˣԼǳ˳ȥЩƴ
ձЩü⵶ˣߵʱѾһﱻɱʱر𺳣û뵽ĳŵȻ˽ˣԽԽˣŵķʽԣԼ϶ѡ
ԼܹˣֻܹЩŮӳȥ˳صû򣬱ѾɽĵطһͨţҿɽʱϧЩѾ˺ӣʱԼ̣һ롣
ȥɱȴȰ⣬ЩѾͷζҪȥϾⲻԼĴ
һרдһƼţЩŮƼŵǸ컨ȥֻҪ컨ţЩŮҲͰȫˣң컨һῴԼϣЩŮġ
˺ЩŮôͲܹأҿЩŮеȱ첲ȣرĸп
ΪʲôЩ첻ȥأѵľûʲôҪȥϽ
뵽رѹЩŮһЩԼˣԼһܲ˵ģԼǰЩŮȳˣŮϵЩˡ
ǲԶ˵ģЩŮӴԼ߹ȥرĸпûзѶٵȴǿ԰Щ˸ȳҲԼĿġ
οԼѾôЩһֵһĻ֮ҲЩԶ֪ȥ˵Ҳ֪ôЩȥ˵
ȻԼɲܾһ֮Ϊ֪ûЩ˸ˣƾٲǶҲӵģʱԼߵʱ
Щסˣû뵽ôһˣȻΰ飬ԼΪһôߴٵˣôԼǰأЩŮƽȥ֮󣬳żææ˻ȥֻϣԼԸϵϣҲ͹˲ˣֱس˻ȥ


576 
ʲôڻȥĻһɣҲ֪ģǣҲҪȥ
Ůߵ˳ߣҲʮֵעҪųȥǸȳóЩ⣬Ҫִ֪ᣬŮ֮٣ЩŮΪԼõ˵չǱӦõġ
ϾûӦõ飬ϱôҪӦĴۣô򵥣ЩŮǾãŮϡ٣һҪзгзǱģȥ˾ЩЦʲôʱ
ñֻ˵ԼӵʲôΪŮ𣿳ľŮտʼǰŮʱ浹ҲǾͦϲģô˵
ŮллԼľ֮ǸòģϾŮѾˣû뵽ŮȻԸԼһȥգԼЩˣҪ֪صǸطȥɲһܹܵģԼʧܵĻǰŮҲҪȥ˱㳯Ůϸѯһ£ŮǷڣ
Ůһ۳ȴǺݺݵĴһ³ļȻʮֿ϶ĵͷҸ߳ҪǳĻǻͱǸ󺺸ˣԼģﻹẦЩѾŹܹһȦˣѵ⼸
붼øЦŴ˻֮󣬳ҲˣСѾͷǽԼôˣҲǺŮӣȻѾͷҪԼôԼҲͬ˰ɣȻĻѾͷ֪ʲô飿
ȻѾͷȴҲǺȻҪŻӸˣǳȴͬ⣬Ҫ֪ѾôˣľŻյĻʱͲԼôˣһΪһЩ죬ɾѰˡ
οҲԼʵܼ򵥣ֻҪһҲǸȳˣʱ򣬶һԼЩȥŮ챨˰ֻҪЩ˸ץȻúõҪ֪Լô࣬Ϊ˱ģΪԼߵЩŮǡ
ЩŮеĿȥŲϸеӣһЩδŮЩʵ̫ǶˣôܰŮץأɽͣ񵹺ãȴ⼸ץЩ˵ţЩŮӶѾˡ
Ӿ;رĿϾЩ˱ӦԼĸĸǰţһ飬ںԽԽ٣ȻҶرĽݣû뵽Щ˾Ȼ˵ĺݶЩĸѹֱӰЩŮץˣЩŮϡ
ȫ˺۵ģҪ֪ڳŮЩ˸ɵĻһʱ֮䶼Ҳ·ЩֲЩƢʱЩŮִߵģЩ˸첲ȶ߶ˣҲΪʲô֮ǰǸŮݺݰԭ
Щ˻޷ˣ첻ΪиžǸţ뵽߲ѣ죬ղ£Щ˷ӹֱǳԽԼļޣ컨Ҳ֪
컨֪Ļ϶鷢ȻˣҲѾ⣬ˣ첻ܵĻԼֻܹ컨ţӶɱҪ֪Լǿֿš
ϲЩʣµģҳҲ׵ģЩֻǾںҲͿеˣôôأΪ㲻Ϳװ׵ȥ
ǾԲܵģ׻˵ĺãڿһֱﶢ㣬ֻûзѣ˼㣿쵽ʱ϶ģȻˣҲӽӹȥǲһÿζܹӹȥ
һõӦеĴһΪһֱѭһγ֮Ҫ֪·϶ߣ·ҲܶΣա
ƽʱɱ飬ʲôǵ˶ϷȻĻôܻЩŮأ
Щ˰ŮŪֵ֮ˣ˸ۣЩʱ򣬳еǹŭǾ͸ȻˣŮһһĻ䣬ôܱ˵һŪŪȥ˿ǰŮһֱڹԼԼʲô˰ɣ
֪ʲôҵǸʲôݶԲԣҲ㣬ҲǱˣǺ컨ŵų
Щ֮ŮӶʱסˣҪ֪컨ŵųǿﴫˣ˵컨ų֮ͻȻһµųµųʵ̫ˡ
տʼҪչǶųˣǸųһֱΪ۸ڣ֪˶֮֮ǣû뵽ųҲǳȻȭȾͰļһˡ
Щ鴫˵Ķǿɱж࿪ˣЩȫѾɢˣҶ컨ŵųرĺ棬Ҳ֪Ǹʲôˣ
ܹӵı£Ȼֻһͨ˰ˣЩ飬ԽԽ㷺ǵڶΣЩ˲Ϊ˱ģΪ컨ŵƶҪ֪컨ĵطȻرĸж
Щ˺Ӵ˱˵طȥû뵽Щ˾ȥƻǸ˺ҲǱǸԼŸˣյĽأǱģǳһԼĹ˾ŮҲõԼӦеıӦ
ԽԽ棬óֱһ񻰣ټǸʲôžΪΪѳɣû뵽ȴ׾ٵظʰˣҪ֪ϲԶﴫˡ
԰ѳ˵ֱӾûܱȣŮ˵ǰˣǸ컨ŵųʱ;ˣû뵽ԼһֱرˣǰȻĳˣҲǣǸ˭Լأ
οԼһֱһӢۣ֮ǰְԼʱŮоѾرĸмˣҪ֪
˵ʲô֣û뵽ʱŮ֮󣬱ֱߵˣŮûлֻܺεҡҡͷȻҲȥˣû뵽ջǵõһ˵ԼЩ˷ӸץˣܹٴŮлرĸж
һӾͰסˣɰѳƻˣѾͷô£һһЦھȻְԼסڿûлЩ飬˵ԼڵǸȻһˣҲһˡ
Լոյʱ͹ԹԼĻȻǱԼѵˣûбԼʵȫԸߴ񣬶ԼɵģǰûУܺ棬ڰΡ


577 ŭ
ҲѾȫˣֻİڴϣϾҪôˣԭйŮˣгˣǰЩŭˣЩϹܻԼò׻ǮţΪСӵİȫѾܹˡ
һĻǿϼѣȻˣҲ֪ǻôһģֻϧԼûǸҪǳԼҲЩһһţȻʮεĹһӣ룬
һԼҪȼˣҪȫȼʱ򣬸͹˲飬뵽ԼȥĸĿЩŮǣԼĸһĻԼԸˣҵԼɱ֮󣬾ѾԼ޿⣬Ѿûлȥϣˡ
뵽һֱ£Լ˵ܹӸ϶žٿغţһҪŮɱ˵Ļͼæȥ˵һЩû˽һοϾͬˡ
ҲͰǸŭΪӣǾ˲ٵŮӣΪĵҲףԼҪǿˣ쿴еŮˣرĳ죬ôԼôһֱѹֵ飬ͷųˣȻҲ֪ЩϹôǮնǰװ˷ˡ
ЩǮľͿԲ𣿵һŮԼʱ򣬰ϾͿһϣְŮˣرȻԼ飿
ɰҲģԼʱûаŮȳ̫ˣԼϳ֣ôųŮഺװ׵ţЩŮʲôƾʲô˾Ϳ԰ЩŮȻ
ΪЩ˷ӣǰ֪Щ˷ǵﲻģջûг֣ڵˣŮǶˣԼϾҪЩ˸Ĳ¡
ĳһǺò׻ǮţˣϿ˵ʵǣЩ˶ŪȥˣղǶˣ沢ûˣѵǣЩƾոûˣÿ˵ȻĻǾԲģЩѾ׼ˣھͰ
һϹԼžûˣʱֱܻӳһƣȻŶݺݵ˵ȥǮţͦ¶ģϹ֪ԼǸôأ
û뵽ȴֻ̧ͷͷһۣҸǣǻǲҪŰЩ˸һˣΪģΪЩѾȥˣصԼļ棬ҵԼĸĸ˵Щ˵ҪҪƾʲôȥ˼ҵĶŮѵ˼ҵŮͲǵ𣿡
û뵽СǾƲԳԷƣԱߵ˷Ҳ̲סˣƤ޺ݺݵس
ļһⲻڶǵĲ·Ҹ㣬ûǴһ㣬Щ˵ңĻһŹ㣬ȻĻһ֮أҲǿˣǵϷųôһУҪɱĻһֻô򵥣Һ˵ʲôӵһкͦҪõģȻĻ㲻˵Ļֻ˵ˡ
ֻ˷˵Щ֮󣬰һСкץԼУȻǸذ׷ŵСкĲϣҺݺݵ˵
Скץʱʱˣ׼ȥСӸȳû뵽ûκεãԼôϣ޷ѳģԭСӸõѣ棬ҲҪɫµģЩǱģҲǱˡ
ȻҶرĺãǱϾĸײǱˣ԰С˵һǸҸ¶ûµʱͰСȥģС֪ö˸ûа취ڱ˵УһС
ĸףԼĸ׸ǿ֮󣬽˰ҪΪĻԼĸѾϵɱˣĸһʦԭ֮ǰҲǽģû뵽ͱǸϷŵˣȻϷŵˣֻΪһӰˣЩ˿Գͷ
԰ĸǵһ޵ˣӦ˵Ǽ޹ģӦ˵ǱģǶѾˣ˵ٶҲûõģʱĸҲֹ޹ûκεãΪЩǶ޶ãסɽ֮Уο
һֱûܵˣȻˣЩһҲرĲףȻ⣬˵ȥֱ˾ЩЦοĸ˵ԼѾĸˣȻҲ޷ٻȥˡ
뵽;öԲԼļˣҲԲԼɷ򣬱׼ɱû뵽ȴͻȻ֣Լǿ֮󣬶һ⣬ǰѰ֮е˶ǳͷϾҶ֪ԭҲǿԻǮġ
˵ĸ¶֮󣬾ûٴȥǱϾҲ֪ģ˺ӵŮ˾ҲزȥˣҲΪʲôĸûȥ˵ԭѲԼŰȥԴҾͽӶĳȥš
ʼһЩҪ޵Ů˵ҪҹŮƭЩ˷Ӿ̫鷳ˣϷںԼǻʲôأ
ԾֱӰ˸ӣЩ˷ӿʼ޼ɵԼƯŮӾֱ˹ֱе˶УЩ˵ħצԽԽԽԽŮӱץȴ޼£Ϊĸ״Сͽ԰Ҳǲͬġ
Ͼ˼Ұĸһʦ̵ķʽȻҲǲһģǰĸ׸߰ΣǧܹԼĸһʱﹺһţСԼĸʲô˼
ȻˣҲĸһֱܵĿϣԼİҲܵıʹŮ춼ҪܵЩ˵򣬰С;ú֣ЩŮʲô
Ҫܵ𷣣ҲˣЩֻΪԼڼȨϾЩǻǮŮģԸûйƽԣЩ鲻õʱ򣬾ͺݺݵŹЩŮˣһֱЩŮſڵϣһҿΪֹЩŮҪߣʱͱ⼸˰ȸˡ
Ҫ֪СûѣΪеĴ˶ζҪСˣȻˣЩҲӴ˵ĻŰԶԶġ
ǰѰĸ͸ˣû뵽ȴԾһǱ˾ǰСкСкҲǴСû˸ףĸ׺ģСкرҪãֻϧСкǸмЩȳˣһˣʱ


578 Ӧʱ
ñ˸ЦǴСѣ˵һСȻһСȳһˣ˲⣬Ϊ꣬˵ҲνǰǵľԼѵİΣζԼܵκεѡ
û뵽Щ˾Ȼ˵ĺ޳ܣʲôǹ浶ֱӳԼͺˣƾʲôҪץԼѣѵЩ˾ı
Щ˷ӣƽʱЩŮץ˵ھȻҪԼвԼ뵽ЩŮٿǰԼѣͷһʱ֮䲻֪ôźˣѵ˵Ҫһѡ
ôԼԸԼˣҲЩΪԼѣ뵽֮󣬰׼ҧԾҿԱߵ˷ۼֿ죬ݺݵһľͷֱȻݺݵһＸţһŭҪĹȻѣôܻһôأ
һ첻˵Ҳã˵ҲãһСȳһһ·ԭСȳӵĸףҲǱģֻСȳӵҪССͺչСȳӣ˾ֵһ㣬ֻԱߵ˷ӣһ⣬žҪ
ȻСȳӸõֱû뵽ʱ򣬳ȴͻȻɽ˳ŻӶԼһֱޣݺݵسŵˣ˷û뵽龰ʱڵϣû뵽ҲǷˣ֮ǰǸʮֻŮӡ
ҲǴӦһصǸŮӣȻԼͳһЩǹʱתԾЩ˷ӱȲʱڵϣһҶΪǹӵޣŮǹ֮
ЩȴԾӿ˹׼ŮӸȥΪŮӳرƯѾûŮˣô˭һӦþ˭ˣ
ЩһﻹǸäһ㷨ɳʶûУó벻鷢ˣŮӾȻֱӰԼѵһߣŴԼָЩԼǰܵ裬ŮӴĸӵļңֻһոյ߹
ʱŮһϹȭֱײԱߵǿôϣҪ֪ЩˣܵĴóҲͰˣȻôһСѾͷ۸ˣȻҲԸӶ׼ǶŮӸݺݵĸˡ
ʱѾµŮӵݿ϶ͬѰ֮ǰԼСˣѾͷڵҲиԼģû򣬳ͰЩˣǸСȳӸŰЩȫЩ˷ȫϡ
˷ӵǱЩҪˣЩҲʲôöԱĴ񿴵ϽϾЩĴԼݣԭЩ񶼲룬ЩŮӵģЩͲԼȰ棬վ顣
ڴҶ֪ˣǳôܻװ׾ӷŵأûˣţзĴԼЩ˷Ӷץˣ鿴һ۳Ѿʶ˳ݡ
ֻǳߵŮ˵һ仰ŮЦŵͷȻ󾯲Ǳ߾ߵˣŮӵݸӺˡ
˵СѾͷαװͦõģҾȻһ㶼ûпȻѾˣ͸Ͽ˵ɣҪˣʵû˼ǰҸƭˣʱôûѾͷǻṦġ
εԼϵȻѾͷ
û뵽Ůȴûж˵ֻųڵһĹǰȻĿԭŮһ֮̾Ҫ鰸Ϊԭ򣬶ΪԼĽ㵱ʱͱץ
һ޸һˣû뵽ǸȷʵݶԼֱӸˣӽҲûлȥĸ֪˶ã
ԼĸһֱҪãŮǵСʱһԼˣ㲻꣬ԼҽԺǽȼʱŮŶȹΣȴֲˣ鶼֪ж٣
Ͼ˼Ҷ˵ȷʵ٣˵֪֮Ů㰵ģԼ˶ҪΪ죬Ȼ㱨𣬾Ůѧ֮󣬱ֱ֣˵Լ⣬ֵЩҲͦжġ
˱㿪Ů飬֮ǰŮֻΪЩ˷Ӱˣû뵽ȴˣȻŮӻͦмģϾ˵ϻǺ˶ģǵڶڿŮڳϵʱʵЩ֡
û뵽ŮӾȻһ죬һΪǱֲ֮ǰѾͷҪԼһ鰸ԭԵʣһ뵹Ҳͨ˳ˣСѾͷ壬֪ΪԼĽ㱨
ֻûҵɱǸ֣ԭǸ˸ղŲûеһԼȾƣҲ벻ԼɱǸŮŮûԼˣղžŮ˵ˣôŮˣǲܵġ
Ůȫȫĸ˳֮ҲǲȻŭ˱ڰĴ£ֱǸ˵ļô˳嵽ԼеʱǸֶʱѾµһЩԵɣԱ׼Ⱦܣû뵽һֱ޸˻Ųڽŵ¡
ļһĴھȻܣͲҪˣڣ㻹ǹԹɣֻܹ̫ݶˣֲñˣ죬Ůô㣬ֻķݶˣ
ǸЩ֮󣬶ʱˣּæڵϣʹĿͷǸûʲôãŵһԼĽŮоرѹ
Ҫ֪ԼĽǸرŮӣŸոϸУÿ춼һرƯѧϰҲڰһģǾŮȻǰ޸ɱˡ
ŽһҲãԼⱲӻܹ㣬ܱҪõö֮࣬󣬼ֻǽķĹѾһѰ׹ǣŮֱ񱻵һ㡣
뵽ֱ֮ӲԼϰγǰذףɱͷǹ๾ԱߣŮһǰѪ
ȻųųмҪлˣİæҲܹô׾ٵİҵĳ˸Уһ๼ҽ󣬿һﻹǰҽɱˣһ뵽֮ǰһĻ͸оڵѪ
ȷʵѾͷ˵ģʵŮĽոձץʱ򣬲ǺܲΪŮĽ֪ԼѾɽˣҪӳȥǲܵģ󺺾ϲ˼ŮĽȥһ
û뵽ȴ˵˶ֻЩɫķĩˣʲôأ֮ǰûˢɾ󺺾ûĹŮĽ㣬ŮĽôջǰŮӸˣʱ飬Ҳ֪ģϧΪֻܿŮȥˡ
ѰǰȴЦҡҡͷϾԼҪչСȳӣǸŮҲΪԼĽ㱨˳
ǽˣҲǰ˶˳Ȼ󾯲ЩһץˣҲܼ򵥣Ҫȥ̽Ϸ


579 Ϸ
Ҳû뵽Լô飬׼ȷ˵ڵЩģʱ̣ûиʲô
ֻǳһ뵽ôһûбγ涼ʲô˵ĸоìܵĸо֪Լкĵ·
뵽Ϸ飬ֳ˼Ǿ취ȥʮֵıҪ
ֻǸôȥһ飬˺ܳʱ뵽ǾֱǮҽȥ£ʲôֵİ
Ҫ֪ط鶼ǮԸ㶨ġ
ص֮ȥоһʱ䣬оһطǾطһˣһһ¡
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Ҳ֪ԼʲôˣȻþԼСܣôûа취
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ŷ˵֪СѾˣǺ³ʲô齫ǸһˣҪһ𸴣ҪûеĻԼװԼֶ𣿡


582 ҹɱ
ǺͷкˣҪǷ˵ԵĻʲô鶼ûУҪ˵ԵĻǺ鵹ǲһˡ
飬ȴǳĬˡ
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Ļ鶼ʮֵĺãΪԼϴţ鶼Ը㶨ġ
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ϴһ飬ĻȥĻԼ֪ʲôˡ
ϴǶ㡣
˶ų˵ǳȴҡҡͷ˵ԼҲҪãʲôҪ˵ˣھֻһ仰ҶãҪһЩҪеĻҲҪҵˡ
ɵС
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ݡ
һǴغǵʱжٸУʮ˵顣
ȴʮֵļ򵥣ʹЩȥ˿յأ֪ط˹ġҪ֪ʱû˵ԼҪɱ˭Ƕп϶֪ͨˣЩ˸ǻ˭ġ
ϴǵطʲôҪ֪طʲôûаҪĵطǸʲôĻô찡
ûдˣʲôûУһ˸ΧĻʮΣյ顣
ϴǸô찡
һų˵ǶҪ֪ʲôѡ񣬵ǳȴһӾͿЦҪżһЩ˹ġ
һЩ˹ʲô
ϴ㻹ѹ𣿡
ǺǣʱǺá
һȺ˶ſˣǶΪǻֱȥɵ˭ȴû뵽طȴʲô
鲻ҪżģҸǣЩһӾͻֵġҲ룬طôһ˭ĺõطɣ
Ļڳ˶ëôû뵽ôģһ뵽ҲǻתҪ֪һĻֻǻ˲ܴ顣
ı鶼ʮֵƽʮֺõ顣
ȴ֪Լڸ飬Ҫֳӡ
ɲǳҪģҲûʲô취
ʱܿ͹ȥˣһӾûʮӡ
ϴ鵽ʲôΪʲôʱûİ
ǲˣʲôʱ򰡣
һȺ˶ų˵ǵ鶼ǹ졣
ǺǡЦЦҪʲô
˼ǣжУ
˶ų˵Ƕû뵽ðûôһ仰
ǺǣʲôֵİҪ֪£ڳڸ飬Ǿô򵥵ˡ
ĻһӾͲ֪ô˵ˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊļһˡ
ⰡԶͻȻһ˵ΧĽŲһӾͳˡ
ȴһ㶼⣬Ҫ֪ļһһֱ˸ٵģֻЩһһӾҪʲôİˡ
ǿЩһʮֵƽҪ֪Щ˻ʲô顣
ǳɣû뵽


583 ȫ
һ˳ڳ֮У֪Ǹ˭
̳û뵽Ȼط
ҿʲô
ϻжУ鲻Ҫʵˡ
һ̲סˣҪ֪ôû뵽طȴһӾô˹⵽ʲô
һ̲סĵźǳȴôû⣬Ϊ֪飬Ǻˡ
Щһ鶼Ƿǵļ򵥣Ǿǿųˣֻȴǲ֪жٸȥˡ
ǺǣûҪȥİһӾðôһ仰Щûа취׵ˣֻ£ȴһӾûʲô˵ˡ
˶֪⵽ʲôˡ
Ҫ֪һ鶼ʮֵĳأǸоԼһκеˡ
ֻгڲʮֵƽΪ֪һ飬Ǿ£Լ߸ͲҪʲô
ֻҪЩһͿԵˡ
һųǶҪ֪˼
̳ǿų˵ôһ㶼𣿡
ǺǣʮֵҪ֪Ҹҿ϶طΧˣҲ֪ɣ
һǵ鶼ЩأطˣСһﶼǵѣһЩǵˡ
ǲô˵Щһﶼطŵˡ
ֻ£ǻʲô鰡
Ӵ˱Ҫʲô˵ģǻһЩҪŪģЩһֻҪŪǾͿԽĵƸӹˣﶼǳˣֱߵĻЩ˻ʲô취ֿ
ֻ飬һǾ͸ôһˣû˿˵ʲôΪǶ֪ʱЩһﲻҪ˵ôϻˡ
һڿųߣǶҪ߸Լ顣
ûʲôóɵģһôһ
˶ѾൽˣҲˡ
˵Ҳ֪ʲôڼˣʲôûгɵˡ
£һӾͱԼʵ˲佫ΧһЩԿ˶Ūˡ
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˶󺰵ȴѾˣΪǶ֪һ飬ǼʹѾƴҲûʲô»ǾǳļһʮֵĺݶһӾ͸ǵ
ʮֻ֮վţĸСܻг
˵֪ΪʲôЩ˶𣿡

Ϊʲô
ϴǿûб㰡
Ϊʲô
һȺ˶ų˵Ƕ֪Լĸ˻ŵĻһ顣
Ǻǣʮֵļ򵥣ҪĿľΪرҲ˵ˣֻһ仰Ҫûа취ҽ飬Ҳʲô˵ˡ
˵طҲҪʲôģΪҪʰо֣һӾȥôˣҲ鰡
ǳҲûа취ЩһҪǲĻǿ϶ܶ顣
ֻʱ£оԼбˣҪǲĻȻر¡
ϴطҿʰĸɸɾһҪңĿʰʮֺð
ûдϴǶǿʰõİ
һǿų˵ǳȴЦһǲҪ˵ԼŰ죬ҾֻһҪʮӣǸһӣҪûбµĻطһˣҲҪ˵ʲôˣ׵ˡ
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Ը㶨
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ĸҲǱһӾͿʼˣǶ֪ҪԼĻǿ϶Ҫƴˣֻƴʱ鶼Ѿʼıˡ
ʱ£ǵ鶼ѾЩıˡ
ֻڵҲʮֵر𣬳һֱĥ飬ǾԼô
Ҫ֪ڶѾɵһˣǺ˻кܶడ
ֻǲôǶѾֻܹˣһǱ
ĲҪ˵ʲô飬Ҫ֪ͷ֮£˶ͻԼļޡ
ʮֵĺˡ
飬ҪǷڱĵطǲһţطˣȴһӾۣΪ֪ԼڻҪֻҪǽˣǺſ
ǱʮѸٵˣٶȻǲΪǶĥ顣
ڵ鶼ʮֵĸӣϾԼ߸ô顣
Ǹ֮ߣȴһȷЩһ֮ߵġ
ʮֵĽţΪһֱһҪǾԼһж㶨¡
ֱȥˣôһҪǲԼϴǲˡ
ϴ󡣡
ʲô飿
ЩҪ㡣
ֱ˵ɡ
ԻȴûпΪطˡ
ڵģʲô˼Ҫ֪ǿǸϴüˣҪ˵Щ˻ᱳϴ𣿡
̰˵ΪԼеɼͿţƺѾģҸ㣬ҪҪŪ㣬һӵ顣
˰
˶ųǳȴʲô鶼ûУҪ֪ڲķӦЩһҪǸŷĻûʲô˵ģҪڼĻ鶼ֱ
ȴǿų˵ʲô˵ɣǶԼˡ
飬һӾСʮֵڳȴЦ˵ҾЩ棬ʲôȻûʲô˵ģֻĥһ飬ǾǷеҪ֪һ֪ˣûʲô˵ĵ·ҪôطҪôط
ĻһӾڳ˳ְ㱩ˣҪ֪Ǵûյ裬Ҫʲôأ
ǳȴһ㶼µĿǣΪ֪
飬һӾˣǾǳһҪʲôǡ
Ļ֮УûʲôģһųǶ֪ǿˡ
ڳ˵Ļ۶ŵ飬Ҫ֪ЩһƴİΪǳļһ
ڳļһжսûпһš
ȥ˽⡣˵
ϻǶ֪
˵һЩص㣬ЩϻҪǣʲô֪㻹Խһ߻漣
һų˵ǳȴһ㶼⣬Щڶôţƺ壬Ǵ͹Ķôţƺ壬Ϊ˵ģ
ֽԼֻóȻֱӽ˵磬㿴Щ
ĵĽùȥţ亹ˣĶҪйֻܳǻ𶯵ġ
һӾΪʲô˵ܹˣ˭߰
˭ֿأ
ģֶڲôû뵽Ȼı£òٶ߶Գעӡ
һ˵ģҪ˵ģҲ⡣һ仰˵ĺ׾٣˭óȻ˵ġ
Ҫ֪޾ķ񱨸ʲôǶˡ
ڸ飬Ǳ˴˶֪ʲô
ʲô
ǿԿ𣿡
ʲôöɣ
˶ŷ˵Ƿȴǿ˵ԣгҸһȨҿǣ˭ҪǸҶĻǾֱŪǣҸȥ绰
˷һбȽϴļʶҲ֪ҪǸõĻǺ׾͸ͬĶҪûиõĻ鶼


584 Լ
ĸˣҪ֪ǿһֱΣʲô
ʲôˣ
ǿĸ
硣
˶ŷ磬ǳȴǹżаЦ֪ôһ
ЩһҲڷ綼Ѿ˵ˣǻʣǲӲ
Ҫ֪ǵʵѾǱȽϲǿϧڳǰǸûʲôá
һҪʰǵĻǸûʲôµġ
ǺǣҪǰɣҸǣҪǿ˵ĻҪ˭ˣطйܳȥǾ˭ġ翴˵ֿųʵ黹֪𣿡
ûˡǿ϶˵ѾЩ˶໥أҪ˭йܵĻǾֱŪˡ
ҲԼôһ©ҪǸĻǿ϶
ڳ˶ѾʶڵжôΣգ亹ˡ
ȴЦ˵ôھͲ֪
ɲʲôȵˣ˸ȻҪ
Щ˶ʱͲҿˣȴǳȥ绰ϴˣΪǿһûᣬֻҪ㶨Ļ鶼С顣
ֻǶ˵ЩĸȴǸоˡ
ͻȻһ˶һ£ʱͿʵôҪʲôǲҪͻȻ֣
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һһӾ˲֪ô˵Ҫ֪ʲô
ޣôˣӾҪˣ㻹ôĪҪӶŸɣҪҪĻӷ㵽ס
˿ųƵЦЦݴżֹ죬ƺǹҪչȥġ
ʵϣҲǺҪ֪֮䶼λþ֮ǰûгʲô飬ڿԺûʲô飬һλ֮ǳλǿɲԸ⣬ҪԤ£ǾҪúõĴ¡
ȴǿЦҪôţҪ֪ҿǺʵĿ¡
ЦǿôĿɶһ֪ǸʲôʮִĶҪȻҲ¡
һڵȴһͻˡ
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鶼벻
˶ȥϴˣûпϷϴ󣬵ǳ֪Ƭˡ
ȥǱ֮ϳЩ˶ϷһЩҪ
ϴ󣬾Щ˸Ĩȥġ翴˵
ȴһӾͿ˵ûдңֹĨȥǣǶҪɵ
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ΪѾû˼ȴˣЩһﱻɵ֮طһʱֺģʱٷҲ˳ִˡ
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Ϸôһţһҹֱ֮ӻһˣ˵Ƕʮֹ顣
ȴһ㶼о죬Ϊ֪Щһ綼ᱻɵֻɵֽƺЩˡ
ʵҲǳ˼ǵģΪԼû뵽ԼһôˣЩһﵹˣҲҪʲôʹ֮ġ
ָЩֵˣһطȥ㣬صĶγˡ
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˶û뵽ϷôһȻһҹ֮䱻γһ¡
γϷ֮󣬳ȴû뿪ΪĽһҳڿ
֪Լô˵ˡ
Ҫ֪ǸͲܵġ
ĿĽһҳʵԸң㵽ΪʲôҪ֪Һûһ飬һжֻ֪ѡ
ѾĽһҳŪͷˡ
ҵİȫУ֪һˣϷĵӦҲйϵɣϷЩϴˣλĶСܡ
ʱǻɱһˣԳûʲô˿Էֵ£ȻѡԼСˡ
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飬Ҳ̾ϢһȻԼ̫ţҪĽһҳ˵ĻֻǱ˸Χ֪ʲô
ллȻѾָȻҲһ㶼ӦˣֻҪ˵Һ飬ûпܵģҲ׵ˡ
ΪʲôԸһԭ𣿡ĽһҳĲףΪʲôҪ֪ʲôãǾûа취С
ȴҡҡͷ˵㲻ףֻһͨˣҲԼ磬ҵȫͬ飬ûа취Ӧ㡣
ĻȷǾûпߵһҪȻҲôһ
飬Ľһҳ̲ס˵ĿΪʲôҪộһᶼԸңʲôû
ҲоԼ̫ˣ̲ס˵ǲǴˣ
ֻǳҲ֪ôܾŮĬһտ˵Һģ
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Ľһҳ˫˲оתҪˣȴǿ˵Ҳ֪ҵ˼ʲôģҸ㣬кܶܶŮˣ˽һ£оǣҪĿԽ飬˵ġ
ҿԡĽһҳΪ˳ʲôˡ
ã֮ڣҪǻٶط꣬Ҫ㻹ϲңһ⼸ͻ뿪ȥҲ㡣
ĽһҳЦͲԼᱻ˸
Ҫ֪飬һ漣һĶ
Ľһҳ⻰ʱˣҲԣ
ֺǼᶨĿų˵ã˵ˡ
Ȼ
˵ͷ㳯ˣΪˣѾˡ
һĳˡ


585 ·ƽ
ò׽Щ߰鴦Щá
һЩ򵥵飬ǵҪŪôӡ
ôţ͸ӵĲ˳ӣֱѡС
·׽һЩȻҲЩ
ɽˮĿҲȳöˣûпôõĵطˡ
΢΢̾һҪпܵĻһֱȥͲûȥˡ
Щֻ룬Ҫȥġ
û߼ԼԼģ˵
鱾ǺܺõģЩ˵Ƣˡ
ȥûߵԶͿ˵ɵŵˣǰһȽס
̫ûˡ
Ҫֻһ˵ĻǸ˵ܺǸ˴һƽ֣ǶԷˡ
̾һҪǲȥæĻǸҪ۸ġ
Ǳ˼øӵˡ
Ȱʶ㣬ǮȫóվмǸӣ˻ĵӣ׵
ûߵǰһû˵ҩ㲻ʲôʱܺãҾ㻹ǽǮҸ档
Ǹӣû˿µӣһĿˣӣͲҽ峤ʱ峤
Ҹ˵ӡվмǸӣǰһһŽǸ߿
ӣͲãмǸߵؿڷһԵ飬ġ
üͷõ̫ˡ
ǸӣݣǺеӵġ
峤ѹҡмӲõغֻûˣһ쵽Ľ峤ߣ㽫峤˵ôѵһ١
ӿһɫҰףû˵Ե
ҶԲԵҵаëǮĹϵ𣬿콫Ǯóûʱ㡣мǸ˵ţһЩͷ
ΡӲõ˵ǲġ
ийˣôţϸĴӡ
Ǹ˿ʱģһˡ
ԭվұߵİֵ˳ǸȥһЦţ˫ǰʹĴ˴꣬ˣͱˣҰ㽫Ǯó
Ǹֵ˵ţͽһ˫ֳǸȥ
üͷõתһԵľҪȥ
Ǹ˴ܵƣ֪ᣬҲǳΡ
ôţ첽˹ȥؽеҪǮмʮء
˵Ķͣȫ
ԭվмǸָ׳ӣڿʱüͷõ
˫̯΢΢ʼ磬Ц˵ðɣҺǮġ
ָ׳Ǹӣһ԰ֵ˵ȥ
ֵӿһߵӣָǸ˵Ǯ
ָ׳Ӳõüͷû˵˵ǼǧҪǼʮǮҪ
ôһѣǸֵЦеĿ
Ȼվü֮Цӵԡ
һװһ޸֮һ㡣
ֵӿ˿Լӣǰ˿϶Ķ֣ܷĵĳų߹ȥ
ֵߵǰһץסǰӣû˵ھҪǮó
ͷһЦץסǸ˵ӣֱһƯĹˤ
ʣµ˾ȵĿһ⡣
װʲôЦŻͷһˤڵϽ۵İֵˣ˼˵ֵܣĲǹģ˭㲻ôѺء
ѺõĻ
ֵʹķԼʹڵ֪ĽͲˡ
Ǹָ׳ӣЦ˵Ǯɡ
Ǹָ׳ӣǾˣ߰ݵӣҲˡ

óǸָ׳ӵЩ
Ҫ𣿡װʲô֪ʵЦе˵ǲҪھǴ١
˿ЦſǸݵˣſǻ˵Ҳû˵Ҫ㣬ϽߣǻҪ졣
һûӵˣɫӵѿֲֻܸڱ˵
Ҫ˶ѡĻǸҲѡǴ١
ݵ˿ųĽŲ˫۵ɵļӾǿҪһ
ν˵ֻǿȱǮҪ͵ǮɣǾʹҰɡ
ô˵ţȻ˸ĺãģ˵ôôأȻǴң㿴ǲҲҲ˰ɡ
ָ׳Ǹӣųô˵üͷĸ˺һᣬ˵ֵܣ֮侮ˮˮϣֵװʲôûпӡ
ϵЦɲ䣬һᣬƫͷСģ˵˵Ըء
ԸĻָ׳̧ӡ
ĸߣҪ߰ͷ
ǰ·΢΢ţԼĻܿǰĺü鼡⡣
ĵһӦǣ
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ϵЦӵԣôˣҪҲԸĻ
ǴﲻӭˣˣҪܵġָ׳װ˵Ϊ˱ǵĴӣҶʲô飬ǲֵģʱһҪе˶
𣿡ĵЦŷʵ
ˣһӶûС
һȫûӵˣȻ֪ñ˵
Ǻ˵λСΪ˾ҡһ
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ӣó˼ǰԼ
ЩȥˣЦеĵͷͷǸָ׳ˣˣ㲻ҪԣҪԸҴĻҵǺԸ㶯ֵġ
ô˵ţʼڿơ
ָ׳Ǹӿųӵӣӽսԥһ£ƫͷߵ˵˼仰
ΪñȽԶûǸ˵ʲô
ֻܿǸݵһĲ졣
ݵӷɿֵܵӵߣˡ
ѵҪӣôţҲʳˣǲ׼ˣ
Ǹָ׳û˵ߵǰһץסĸ첲־Ҫ
ô󣬳ţ˫ĲڵϣôԸ˵
ָ׳ӾȵĿųӴϵ
Ҫƽ˵Ļͱˡ
ô벻ףôôأȻôܽأ
ʱҲˣҲںǰ˵ģһץס˵ӣϰԵһˤ
ɵĽǰֱˤ˵ϣϵЦӵԡ
ָ׳Ӻòתűȥһߵʱ򣬻ͷ
лл㡣ʮֵ
ͷͿǸӣվһԵԣЦſ
ûµģ֮͡˵ţִ˴֣Ц˵˭˶̲סµġ
ǡǸ̲סЦ漴󷽷Ľܵҽ֪λֵôƺ


586 Ϯ

ðɣýֵ˺ö࣬òԵ˵ҽг
ͷ󲻽Ŀ̴磬ǲ·ﰡǰûм㡣
˫ַŵӵĿڴһƽ˵Ҿ·ģû뵽Ϳǣﰡ
żҴ壬Ҫ㲻Ļһ𵽴ɣ˺ÿ͵ġ˵ţųȥ
ţҲûʲôҪ飬鲻ãﵹǸѡԶЩ׷ŵ磬ҲõЩ߰顣
лҪûĻҶ¶ˡЦ˵˵⵹ʵﱾǿӵģȫ֡
ųô˵Ц˵̴ǧô˵ô˵ĻҿǽܲˣոҪ㣬ҩǮܾûˡ
ȷʵЩãĵʵ岻𣿡
ȻǿҲųڲ̬ӡ
ε˵ǰЩ챻ҧˣôҲû뵽ֻ߾Ȼжģֻһֱҩ
˵꣬ҩࡣ
ע⵽ﻹҩĵĵͷ
ڹŴҧˣ˿ڷҩͺˣִҪ΢һǳʲôô졣
ֵǣΪʲôֱӳҩҩأ
Ҳûʣûһϵ
ǰȥԽǰߣͷ·ԽԽխ
ǰ漸Ѿû·ˡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Щƣȴֲ֪ʲô
ЦŻͷһ۳ϸĵĽ͵̴֪ܲǴӱȽʲûУеĻǺܹϵʽ
ЦеĵͷЩˣﻹǼ򵥵ĺá
ȻǲˣΪĻǺܹܽĺ
ߵĲݲһԣͿһڳǰ
ԭ
ǰ·ˡ
òݶڲס·ڡ
Ǿúϡ棬Ȼסɽ
ǰţŷסɽġ
ǰţ߹հ˹յģҺóƽ·ı컹ǲģȻھѾˡ
һ·ͷɽŴϡϡסżʮ˼ҡ
󣬾ͿЩ˻߰ʮĶ
ЦŶԳ͵סɽģЩ͵豸ûа취ŪֻܻñȽԭʼĶ
һ̾ĿΧò˵ԵĲˣȫȻ޺ʳ
뵽⣬üͷƽھƵҪҪȻʳƷҪרֺܹġ
˵⣬ϳһ˿ǣһлǴȻġ
һ·ϣͣĸΧ˴кӣ֪ﻹǺܻӭģţЩ˶Գ̬Ҳǳĺá
һסһСҩķȥĵĶһԵĳ˵ңȥһ峤򵥵˵һ¡
Ļһĵͷ
뿪ˣ
ǽϹźܶĻЩɽˮЩĽˡ
Щˣסʳ˼̻ĵطĻôãʳҲǴȻģΨһõĵطҪ
ľӣִԽ˹Ŵĸо
ûãĽŲͷͿ˽ﻹһӣȫǷˡ
ЦŽķ˶˳̴磬һ·ϣҲûԶҲûкˮڿ϶ǿ˶˰ɣڷҪ˼ˡ
ԭ˵ʱ򣬳ҲûожڵЩˡ
ҲЦĶ档
ݸҲǰһ
ԷˣŸųԡ
һԵɽˮϣЩʵЩ㻭ģ
˳ų߿ȥ˼Ц˵ǣһЩֻģ̴Цˡ
ᡣһ˵ȻһˣЩǺܶҲܿĻǲģĻõȥٵǮء
ǮġЦе˵ƽǶɽģҲòŶǮġ
û˵żҴֱչĸо
һˣûһĹϵϢ죬뿪
Цеĳŷų˵̴磬ɽķ羰ǺÿĺܣҪԸĻҴһȥ
ǾˡҲƴǣҪģȻҪĴ
Թ緹ųߡ
·صʱɸŵ˴к
Ϊ֪飬Щ˼ʱһʮֵĸˣˮúõĳһ
æҵıˮЩ߰˰˵˵ţ⵹ҲһЩ
ԭˣǴԣ۸ˣΪ˶Ըܣһʵʵģ۸
˸ӵćNɪˣһֻп಻ԣΪǶ򲻹Ǹָ׳ӡ
һӾͽǸָ׳ӹˤˣ˶ڳǳˡ
ϻȥʱ򣬳ˮȫŵϣôˮֻ̫ÿˡ
ϰҹʱ򣬳ô˯ţǾúܺ棬·ȥ
ҹСׯİֵ﹡Ҳûˡ
·ϣϵЦӵԡ
ǰ˼Ȼ䴫һǽС
ˡ
طȻǣ
ҲпܣϾɽǺ顣
һСӵĿɫ΢΢һ䣬ѵֻ׼
ʣµݣѾȥˣɿĳǽеȥ
ܵڵʱ򣬾Ϳһ˴һСӲţﻹŹӣƺֻŲЩǿ
ˣüͷ΢΢һ壬ҹ˲˯ôˡ
ڲЩʱ򣬳ɫӵѿһŵĿֻǡ
ǸСѾſˣӶţ˫ʹıͷޡ
һԵˣһźӣһ߻ҪֹԼȥ
üͷȻ䣬ͷֻǽضˡ
΢΢ˣһյأûбĶ
ҪиľʲôģùֽǴͷʲôûС
ɫЩѿüͷĸҧӽغţǲҪܡ
ǳûеףǵܲٶһǺܿģ˵ûȳֻǾѾ˵ˡ
ڸôأ
ݺݵֻǣֻӣŻǾú¡
һʱ֮䣬ֻǾȻûǰ
ţɫЩѿҪʱһĻǻ˹ġ
ڳһӣûбİ취ˣܼ򵥣ǽֻǿִ
뵽⣬Ҳرüᶨˡ
һĿֻǣĳֻȥ
һֱǸˣѾԹ˲ϾˣųĶһĵ˵㻹ǸϽҿȥɣֻ׺ޱȵģǴ򲻹ġ
û˵ʱ򣬲ܵģһҪֻƷ
ôţɿĳֻܹȥ
Ǻ͹ǲһġ
ܹʱ򣬹ĵһӦֱӿȴǣųˣֱӳȥ
ڿҪǰʱ򣬳һѽǵһԡ
Ϊ˾ųɵԼЩۣüͷ
Ϊʵ̫ˣȻǵˡ
ʧȥǣʱЩ£ǻǳȥ
òײŻǷɿһ࣬æһԡ


587 Ĺ
ûüֻѾ˹
ֱſڵϣһŽֻǸ߿ˡ
ǵģֻʵ̫ˣȻѾ߿ֻҲЩˡ
ȥУȻֱǰǵͷԥƴȥ
ΪĶʵ̫ˣֻǾȻЩˣˡ
һ̱ڵϣһ
ϵˣųѾֻǸˣæصĴ
Ǹܵǰһݵ˵̴磬ʵ̫ˣôġ
һԵСӣųӣǳݵҪ۵Ŀ˵ؽе壬̫ˣҺó㡣
İڰ֣СӵͷЦ˵ûʲôģϾͲҪˣôΣա
һԵĺ˵ҼҺҪȥģҾʹˣ˭֪ȻһֻǣҪǳ̴ֵĻǻ֪Ҫ浽ʲôʱ򡣡
΢΢ͷû˵ˡ
̴磬ôˣ˵ĵĿСʵϣǲҪĺá
˵⣬ԼҲЦˣ̴磬ôãûʲôܹѵġ
ҡҡͷǫ˵ոֻǴɣɶѡ
ҪһֻǵĻ϶򲻹ˡ
Ȼ˺Ͷ֮Ĳ໹ǺܴģҪиӵĻ϶ôǱˡ
Ͻȥɡ˵ʱˣԺҲҪôԶˡ
ǡ˱˵ˣûһĲãЦеĵͷ
뿪ˣŻصļ
һʱҵԺѾվˡ
ӵѵġ
ͿЩһվſڣÿ˵ﶼźóԵģһЦеĿ
ݵĻһƮĶ
û뵽ϵ飬ϣȻе˶֪ˡ
ųЩ޴ӣæų˵˼仰Щ˴ˡ
һ극Ҫˣ緹˵
ԷĶһ٣ЩСʵôˣ̴磬ѵķ˲𣿡
æҡҡͷ͵Ȼǣķ˺ܺóԣֻһб飬ʱˣҲ뿪ˡ
ͷ˵ǸӣίСϱ
ӣ˵ˣͲҪôˡ
ĿĴ£С˵Ϊ̴Ըסء
ôأЦе˵ҺϲˣΪҾôҶҶܺãҲҪס죬ֻΪһб飬Ҫ뿪ˡ
ųô˵ͷͷû˵ˡ
Թ˳ȥ
˵Ҫ뿪ˣһҲɻˣߡ
Ŵ飬ЩĪĸж
ΪڳͲῴʵ̫ˡ
뿪˴ӣŸ·
ʵôżģһֱæµϣͲԸͣ
Ĵţһ԰ˮó
ЩˮѾϴˣͿֱӳԵġ
һ·ϵĺܡ
ţȻ俴һȺ˱Űźܶװ
ĺһֱأȺ˺ӣһŵĶҲ廨ŵġ
Щʲôأú֣㽶ƤֱӶ˲ݴ棬Сĸȥ
ҿҪЩ˷
Ҫֻ˵Ļһ㶼£ôˣãСĵĺá
ãߵ·ʱ򣬳ͿǼͣˣæ͵͵ĿЩԭذӪկ
һĭЩһЩ߰ĶüͷţЩ˿εģҪεĻôܻЩ֮Ķ
üͷȻ䣬һ뷨Ǹ뷨ЩӦòεģӦǵĹġ
Ĺˣ϶ᱳźܶĹߣȵʱõϡ
뵽⣬ϵİһᣬһԣĿЩʰ
Щ˽еĶȫź֮󣬳עˡ
߸ˣĸеģŮˡ
֪ԭŮҲĹ棬ҪЩĻǻ᲻£
Ҳس飬صЩ˷ɿʰһװӡ
ľˣ۾һգҲգĿǼˡ
Ǽƺ˵ʲôͿʼ
һжڳ˵Ǻġ
ǼѾں˿ӣҲ֪Щ˵ʲôһȫȥˡ
ȫȥˣҲ˹ȥǿǸСĶһҲûУһĮȻվ棬ˣҲôˣֱžͺˡ
˲ٵĳԵģΪʵ̫ÿˣ֪ҪˣԸôóԵġ
һ߳ţעǱߣŵЩ֮󣬿ʲôöʱֱ˳һ㡣
콥غˣ˻ûһ㶯
һԣĵϣĻױֲ˵ʱҪʲô֪
ôţֱӿ˶ڣһᲱϡ
ľĸߴЩɵĴ֣ſֻţҲסġ
£׼ԶԺģԼľЩ
Ǹܾˣʹ˯ˣҲܺܿѹ
Ժ˯ţΧжʱ򣬳͵۾ߵ̫Ѿˡ
ҫ۵أһƫͷ£Ϳ˴ˡ
˵ȣֻ
üͷõˣ㶦վţǰһӡ
Щȫ棬ôţüͷ
ոȥôˣľֻʣˡ
ʵǡ
ɫЩѿҺõʱûȥҪȥĻ˵ˡ
Ӳһͷˣһţڰ˵ʲôһ
ͷ΢һǸȿˣȥôˣʣˡ
ԱߵͷǸ˵΢΢һ󶼾ĵͷ
ͬ鶼ˣȻĵģε̾һû뵽ĹǼôΣյ顣
ǸеģΧˣ˵˭Ҳû뵽һεĻȻôΣա
ǡȽֵǸˣӦǰǸ棬С˵ΪǸܴĹѨȴû뵽ֻһĳɹ
Ѿˡͷӵ˵ЩʣҲǵͬġ
Ǹͷ΢΢Ĺ𣬵˵ҪҵĻ˽Ҳġ
һĿǸˣûп
ԣҵĹɣֳķݣݣһһݣǾôǸеģһĿǰˡ
ͷЩΪѵ˵ôǵ˵õҪ߸ƽֵĻҪǳĻ˽ǮĻȥ𣿡
һǸųͷô˵üͷĸĮȻ˵ҲͬҾ־ͺãҪ˵Щеûˡ
ǸõĿˣû˵ˣǶ˵ˣһҵĹӦģҾ͸öһ㡣
ͷǸˣЩ˵ôǵ˵õģǴƽֵģӣԵǵ𣿡


588 ȸں
йϵ𣿡ӵеЩ˵ڻŵֻôˣҪȥЩ𣿡
Űӵô˵ͷǸеģ΢΢һͷһԡ
һеĿ˳ε̾һС˵ˣǾͱ˵ˣʱ˷֡
˷ҲǿԵġӵһƽ˵
ȳͷ˷Ӧӵһ˳ͷӵǰ
Ǹͷȫûзߵ֮һڵϣҪʱ򣬾ͿӵӾһʯͷ
ɫͻȻЩѿˣôû뵽Щ˾ȻΪһĶ֡
ҪĻ˵ֻԼãڳͷԼѵС
ĹȻǵĹԼͬ鶼˺ҪڲĻ϶Ὣֱ߳ȥ
ڲЩʱ򣬾ͿǸӵĽͷֱĹѨֱӶ˽ȥ
õĿǸӵӣк
ֻǳͷ̫ʵˣԲŻ˵³
վһԣüͷţڰһУû˵ֻǾؿꡣ
ǽΧĶˣͷӣЦ˵ھʣ˷ˡ
ôܽɱˣһĮȻĿ򰫸ӣ˾ӡ
ôɱˣӵһм˵ֲǲ֪ʲôӵˣҪǲЩЩ˵ļĻ֪˵ʲôĻ
Ҳɱˡһ˵ĺ䶯ţõ˵
ڷŶ㣬ӵô˵Ķһţ̧ɵʵôˣ
뵽ոհӵ飬û˵
ӵ˻վǱȥ
ε̾һھʣˣ˻ɣǽˣȥ
һʼƻôЩ˴ܣϾ˫ȭѵ֣ôû뵽ǾȻɱ
ʱǼ˶ڻģȻʱ򣬴ҲŻӡ
˫ֱȭĿϷĿЩˡ
ֽһԵĹһĮȻ˵Ҹ˵ʶ㣬Զ㣬ǻǸϽЩһ֣ȷ֮ǸظҸҸ衣
ӵ˺Եڹ˼Ĺӣæͷһƽ˵ãҳԵҾ֮֮һô
ӵЩã˾ȻҪռͷ
ཫЩŪˣЩȥǮ˵˵ʱ򣬰ӵ˾ȻҪ
áһƽ˵Ͱ˵ģ֮֮һ
ͬˣӵתǸǱȥ
սľţΧûһˣʹɱˣҲ֪ɱˣ൱ڰġ
ôţŹӵָӵ
ŰӵڰŶüͷ΢΢һ壬Щõ˵õĶǺ̫ܶ࣬ù
ùĻں档һƽ˵
ڰӵ˻عͷʱӺԥֱӴȥ
üͷӽֱӴˣҲվɶĹѨ档
û뵽ҡͷŵϵǸСľ䣬Ȼӵ˵ĶǺܶ࣬ʹ࣬ҲǹŶ׬ٵǮ
ôţսսĴʬ֮󣬴ֱ
Ӹո£ʱѿҪ˫ȭЩµĿţ㣬㵽˭
طֻ֪ģ֪ĹѨʱô˷ܣȫҶһˣΪǼ˶ɵģҪǸ߱ˣô죿
ڣӵ۾һգһգĿӶøˣҧŴû˵ӸӺ¡
ӲĸӵϵķҲŲš
ܺ𣿡ЦǸӣѾ˿Ҫʱ򣬳ӵĿġ
㣬㣬˵ӽͰ͵˵ţָųŵ϶ӰӵʱС˵ˡ
ҵȻˡЦе˵漴ٵĳܹȥ
ӷӦʱ򣬳ѾӵˣӾһֵ
ӻء
Щӣüͷõ
ǽӲˣЦеĽЩŶֱӲˣŻͷֱӴߡ
ôĹŶҪǱŻȥĻ϶۵ģҺעĿ
ôţһ߱ŹŶǰߣһŵʱҪЩص
ǰ˲ԶͿһïܵĴ֡
˹ȥۼĿŽиȻĴӣֱӽľ˽ȥ󻹲Щס
ɽĴ˿ס
ʲôǺţһ˷˾Ͳˡ
ȥ·ϣһҲԸⵢˣֻȥʱڿ
ôţµĲӸˡ
û߶ԶԶԶؾͿһǰ͹̴ޱȷɧһŮһԵʯͷϣʹŽš
ɫЩѿɽҰģȻôÿŮˡ
ɲʲô
ôţŮ˵ֱ߹ȥ
Ҫ·ʱ򣬾һԴһöλ˧磬ܹҵĽŤˣ߲·
üͷõ𣬿첽ߵŮǰӿŮĽţֽѾλĽŽӺãĮȻ˵ѾˣûӴʲô£ڻ飬Ҫһˡ
ǸŮһȳһյĸϳĲӣΪŸ߸ЬеųɫС˵ұǸһģҵѶˣʣһˡ
ȳ˵ʲôǸŮ˵˧磬кãҳȥ𣿡
Ͱ͵
תǸŮͿһίųǸӣȫ˵˼ٻ
ģŮķϣͷõ˵Ҫ߲ĻͲҪˡ
áŮм˵̫лл˧硣
˵ʲô˽µĲӣĳǰȥ
Ǹ˴Ǹ߸ЬȻ߲ġ
콥غˣŮӽ
ˮתݸǸŮһˮĮȻ˵Եɡ
лл̫ллˡô˵ţǸŮûһ˿ķֱӽˮųˡ
һĬĬڲԶһ߳ţһߴΧĻ·ߵĲȫŪһ
ɽҰģҪǲĻҲ֪ʲôҰ޹
ǸŮ˳ˮ֮۾һգգųĶЩԥȴּᶨĳųǱȥ
һȹȹǰĽβϣҪһʲôģȻ˿ġ
۽ǵ⿴һߵŮüͷţҲ֪Ů˵Ҫʲô
ֲõԤУ·Ůˣ϶ʲôƲ硣
ôţ׼Զһ㣬һҪЩߡ
ҪΪ˳úǺÿǲһֱչġ
ͻȻ䱻ʲôסˡ
üͷõת͵ջһǸŮˡ


589 
֪ʲôʱǸŮѾ·ȫ⿪ˣǰһĳڳС
΢΢һõ˵ʲô
ǸŮվЦĺ۵˵˧磬ͺˣֵġ
ǺǣЦţԾŮȻͼġ
ĮĿǸĹĮȻ˵һߴţҺ㻹ûô졣
ҪǱĹĻһһ޶ֵϵڿֻ΢΢죬Ҳ֪ΪվڻѵԱߵԵʣΪߵԵʡ
˧磬ǧҪô˵ߴĵͷС˵ĲˣֻǣֻǺܸл;ң֪ģˣҪڱеǰ˵͡
һۣתڱĵط
СĿһ۳ԥã͵͵Ľϵ·⿪
СͿһֱʲôû˵ڡ
һ̧ͷǸɫõ˵ʲô
Ҫ˵ţߵǰֻڿߵǰС˵ʲôҪˡ
˫ֽŲķ
ҪǱŮˣӦýַǰ浲סЩ
ôţӾĿǸŮˡ
ȻȵǸŮ߹ʱ򣬾Ϳ˫Ǻһѵ
һֱӽ߳ȥԶ
൹ڵϣʹţۣѾ֪ʲôʲôˡ
ĮȻߵǰڵӣд˵˵ɣ㵽ʲôĿģ
ֽ䵽ϵĵӷϣСĦš
Ӷøӵ˫ץǰҪԼ塣
磬硣Щ˵ңҴˣ㣬㣬ŹҰɡ
ʱͨŮһ߳ܵһţųధ˵
ʲôĿģĮȻĿࡣ
һ˵飬оͳˮСͷȫסˣ˵ҿõ˹Ŷԣҡ
ҲҪĮʵ
ʹҡҡͷһᣬС˵ûǮҪѧˣûǮҾͲټѧˡ
ɫӵѿĿ࣬õ˵ˣʲôޣ
Ȼô˵Ͳڿˡ
ءɫЩѿӣҲǸѧ
ֻһѧӦаģôڻ䵽һأ
һ˵еˮܿƵСš
ܲŮ˿޿ģڿ޸û˵ġ
һ߿ţһ߶϶˵
˵ĻУǵݡ
ԭеʱ򣬳֮⣬ȫһåˡ
Ǹʱûκεİ취ֻȥ
ǺǸåڱץȥˣǼҲõ⳥
һǮôܴȥĸĸأ
ĺӲһڽϾȻǸå
Ѿڼåôֳˣ
౾ֱȥץǸåʸȴûǰΪ຦ҲᱻǸå
ɿĳɳȥܵʱ򣬻ҵű顣
˽Ǹåľ֤ó
ʱڿǸ֤ʱ˶ˡ
ϾȻˣƽĺһƽһûʲôĵطȻΪһ񲡵֤飬Ӽ
һĮȻĿ࣬Ǹåأ
ȶˣԼ·Ͱ͵˵Ǹå棬£ָĻ¡
˵⣬Щˣؽе֪쿴ôһˣŸ캦飬Ǿ쾹Ȼûκεİ취ҵʱǾ⳥Ǯ
üͷõʱǮʲôôô٣
ΪǸåо񲡵֤飬Ժôеģ˸УϴѧǮȫѧˣڴˣȻƽʱд򹤣һûǮ
ίɫЩѿõ˵֪йŶ
СͷС˵ֻҪһ㣬ĻҾǮѧˡ
ЩɸֵĿ࣬˵⺢ûϽİɣҪúõѧϰ˵ϽİɣھȻ顣
ǵڼˣĮĿࡣ
ôţĿС˵ǵһΣҶ˵ˣΪûѧѣȻȻҲ
ô˵ţʹץϵ·ͷһԡ
ӣ˵滵Ȼصʱȥһ¡
ųô˵һĿС˵ܽǸåֱͽ𣿡
ͽӣ
һº͵ˣɫһĮ˵ҪǽǸɱأ
Ķ߳ų΢΢ţԥһ£һĵͷҲ˲ûд·ֱӹڳǰ
ʲôüͷõֽ
λ磬лл㣬ҪܽǸåͽȥǡʣµĻû˵漴һ̧࣬һ˵ⱲӾţҲڸߡ
üͷõû˵ɣҿķҵ˵
޿ϵ·ϣϻ˿ڣƺҲûôˡ
ڶһʹŸ·
صʱ򣬳ȸԼֵܴһ绰ֱӵһ¡
վڳôķӣһĽ룬ʲôҲû˵
һԵɳϣĵų˵
ӣε̾һȥϴ裬ͷ··Ѿ͸ˡ
һô˵ܺߵĵͷתԡȥ
ԡҵŹϵ漴Ǵ򿪵
˳ȥĮ˵ôˣ
ഩ£ͷԼĽѾӣС˵ûлϴ·
ӣܵԼ¹棬һ׳࣬һĮȻ˵㵽ʱȴȻԼ·ϴˣɹɹȸ˾Ϳٴˡ
Сֽ˹ȥͷ֪ˣлл㣬硣
ڵѾ֪˵ʲôˣתɳȥ
ǰСʱʱ䣬ӵֵܵĵ绰ϵ绰ʱ򣬳ޱȵĳء
û뵽СôԭΪЩƭĻڿġ
ļȫǸåɱˣǸåڻúúõģǮҲľֻǮ
ĸĸүү̶ǼɥˣĸˣûˣѵֵֻǮ
ʹֻ߬Ҳ飬ûǮһСǮ꣬ѧҪöࡣ
뵽⣬ɫӵѿ
εᣬȻ飬Ҳ֪Щĵ׶ʲô
ọ́һڣһСᣬԡҵŴ򿪵
ִٲվС˵磬·Щ͸ңܡ


590 
üͷһ壬һͷͿᱳվˮԱϴ·
ڰ׳ŷֵģһ뵽Ľɫ͸ѿˣߵ³Աߣóһףֱӵݸ࣬档
ͲԳͷֽ·˹СĴϣžðȫˣӣϴ·
һԵɳϣĿŵӻǷŭ
ûѧѵĻҪˡ
ԡǱûһ㶯
ãˮͷ໺Ĵԡ߳һŵĿͰ͵˵磬˵ǣ
ԺѧѣҸˣͲҪˡһƽ˵ţͷֱӰ̻Ҹ档
ųô˵һϲʹĵͷеˮô̲סʵлл磬á
ͺúõѧϰͺˣʣµͲҪˡȥ
ʣһˣų˵Ļ̧ıӰľֻš
᲻ܿƵ̧һĨᣬЦŵͷ
û뵽ôõˣҲĴ£Ҫѧѡ
ǸмǸжһ˴վ
ȳʱ򣬿໹üͷ壬ʵʲôأϴ·𣿡
̧ͿѾһװˡ
С˵û£û£ھȥϴ·
ӣתߵű滹вٵķˣһƽ˵һҪǶĻԼԷڳȥһ¡
á΢΢һ󻺻ĵͷһĴӦ
תȥˣһڼ
ߵ棬ֱӸСĴһ绰ҵǸ𣿡
磬˵Ǹåھڰҹư棬Ҫ𣿡
콥غˣǸʱ
ʱҪǲֵĻûиõĻˡ
һߴŵ绰һ߿ųŰҹưȥ
ߵҹưɵʱ򣬳ģֻ΢ͿһƬ
Ƭ˿ͲҲֻʮңСƽͷźڰ׸ӵ·Ǹܳܳţп㣬ΨһԵиԵĺ룬ܴһš
ֻϣЩõĳȥ
ʱ룬ôϢʧأ
ߵ̨ʱ򣬳ǴЩˡ
Ĵö䶼ˡ
üͷĸĴš
Ŀ
ڲԶɳϣиеĲͣıŻŮţǸ˵пźԵĺ롣
о񲡣
ЩҹͬҽԺı棬Ǹ˵ֶΣȫ֡
ЩõĵͷüͷеøҪǰȥǸֱȥ
û߹ȥʱ򣬳ۼķ֣ǸŮеС
åɳϣʹµǸɳϵŮˡ
ǸŮСĽӰóһЩ
ʲô
ȿ˵Ȳȥˡ
Ǹ˿Ů˵ĶЦеĽŮĶóͿǷĩ״Ķ
ԭ
üͷȻúõңһ뵽ǸͰ͵ӣ˫ֲܿƵճȭ
ˣˣͽȫ硣
ͿŅ̀ͷҩȫԵһ˵ӣӵ˷ˡ
ҡͷԵӣЩεҡҡͷ
ŮЦűǰåСĴӰóһӡ
ֵģڿȫûҪˡ
иԸԶֺ֣αԼ֡
ĿǸŮˣСĴ򿪵ӣֻǸåȫûио
Ů˺һҲǺ޼Ǹå
ôţ첽ȥ
ҪŮｫåɱ˵Ļһȫˡ
ôţ첽˹ȥֽåЦ˵ֵܰҲŻ绰ôӰ
Ϊĳ֣ǸŮЩʧĽĵȫˡ
ôĴ£ھȻһƮƮɵӣӣ;öļˡ
åԺĿųЩʲôʶǸ˰
ЦеĽľƱݸåһ硱ĽţåԽԽӣϵЦӵԡ
һֱͣĸåƣһֱƨ˵åЩƮƮȻģڳļģ˵ʲôԺųġ
ֻЦЦåЩҪ£æåȥ
ߵʱ򣬳ЦеĶ˵磬㻹ȥɣ㶼ˣ
ΪҩԵʣǸεģһѽ˦ֱӽȥˣûкôܺأҪȥŮˣԣҪȥŮˣ
å˵ţĵĳȥå·åһЩ
ʮåĿӾȫˣԼȫûиоһˤˣֱӴˤȥҲû
վԶϷԵһĻ
ʵҪåѵʱ򣬿ֿܻᷢѾˣѾ˲ٵľƣһ˻ųȥ
ҪǲĻ󾯷ı棬˾ƾȣǶƷˡ
װåѣǸһȵĿڵϵå˹ȥóֻװŵӣȻȻ
ӵľư˲䰲ˣ漴еȺȫ뿪ˡ
ԭåһŮˣһĿһ۳΢΢ͷת뿪
žʱ򣬵飬óĽ۾ǺȶˣԴ
Ҳˣһ¡
åϼ鵽ָƣֻ˵åĹϵǲģ˶һ㣬ľ򵥵˵һ¡
ųȥʱѾǵڶˡ
࿴ųһƣĻæ׼õ緹˵ǰ磬ҪԵ㣬ɫЩá
ƣţǿ⣬೯ųȥһ㷹Żص䣬һ˯ˡ
ųʱ򣬾Ϳʰ䡣
ԭҵķ䣬ڱøĸɾ
磬˰ЦſѾ緹ˣҪ𣿡
иŮ˾ǺðصҲԼʰˡ
ǰÿγϻʱ򣬶һԱķӣԼ򵥵ʰһ£ֱӺ˵ơơ
ʲôʱѧһ߳ŷһʵ
СĿһ۳ͷС˵졣
˵ߵAģʵ
ЦŵͷС˵ǡ
ɼءһƽ˵û뵽ѾͷĳɼôĲ
ˡС˵ǰиʱȥѧϰȴûˣȻ˵㣬һǺܿĵģѧ˺ܶǰûûĶ
ǸåѾҽԺһƽ˵̧һۣ˵֪
Ļһ㶵Ŀ˺þãŷӦЦ˵𣬴磬ǽҽԺˣ
һƽĵͷҲ̫ˣ鵽ʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪
еˮܿƵһţ磬̫ллˣҪĻҶ֪Ҷ֪ԺҸô죿
ˣԷɣ֪ʲôءһƽ˵˵ʵǸå״̬ã˭֪ܲܺ
ʹĵͷϵЦӵԣС˵ֻҪǸåеѣҾѾܸˡ
ô˵ĵͷû˵Ļ
Ǹå׶༪ˡ
ʮֵ˷ܣһСᣬЩĵĿ磬ѵǽȥ𣿡
ȳ˵꣬ɥ˵ҪĻ᲻鷳


591 鷳
޳ӣε˵ûµġ
޿һ˫۾ͨ죬ſǻʵ磬ǣǳô飬ҹġ
û¡һƽ˵
鼴ʹҵˣҲûκε֤ݣϾҲûԶ֡
ŶһԵֽСĽϵˮС˵ҾЩ㡣
ֳĻҲܲġ
ӣڰο˼䣬ͽӵһ绰æֻ
಻ҷһĶųӦ˼䣬һŵ
ˣˣˡ
˵꣬ԥĽֱֻӹˡ
Ѿ㶨ˡһƽ˵ףǸˡ
ˣһĿһϲ˵̫ллˣҪǴҵĻǸåⱲӻúõĻš
Ļߵ棬һпŵǰǸģſû룬һЩǮ㽻ѧѵģʱЩǮúõȥѧˡ
ԥĽп˹мų
Щܲˣֱתһԣ˵лˣѾӦˣûʲôлġ
εЦЦ
һ࣬˵ҪȥһˣҪ׼ѧĻȥЩҪĶ
һĬĬվͷڵӡ
ΪڻˣôҪһԸ
ϣ˺ȵӣЦ˵㿴һȵô࣬Ͻȥɡ
硣һȵĻãȫǾζеģ˻֣յǰʹŸ缸һȥƣϵ飬ôһ𡣡
Ƶ߰ģεüֽǰƿõ˵ˡ
ҲùģԼˤˡ
ܱߵǸ˵⻰һЦġ
ǶˣĬĬĿȺѾˡ
ȻõΧֵߡ
ɱ
üͷţžƱĮȻЩֵǺȾơ
ľǼõģΧһˣһĬĬغžƣȻĴΧĻ
ȵЩһ˳⳵֮󣬳;ɱӵˡ
ҹѾˣûжˡ
˫ֲڿڴУ̧װӳǰȥ
ߵһСӵʱ򣬳Щε̾һﾹȻû·ˡ
վԭأ룬תҪ·ʱ򣬾Ϳˡ
ɫЩѿԭΪֻ˵ģû뵽Ȼôˡ
ǳɣͷǸݵӶųе
Ŀǰˣƫͷʵ˭г˭г
ˡͷǸݵӶߵ˵Ƕϡ
Ǽųϵľζüͷһ壬漴˵Ѿˣ磬𣿡
û
ͷǸӵһ
ǳУЩ˿϶ﶯֵģôţֱߵϡ
ҪȻûˡ
ЩֱӴӿڵʱ򣬳ɫûзӦ
ڳϵʱ򣬳˯ˡ
ҡҡλεģ֪˶ãЩֱ
ǺŵģΧĻüͷţԥãĿΧˡ
ͷǸվԶڴ绰ԼĻ֡
˭Χˣʵ
ЩʱϵЦӵĲá
ӺЦҹҹĺУе
˭㲻֪绰Ǹͷӻߵǰһõ˵ǲ㺦壿
壿һԻĿǸˣ˰죬ʵҲ֪˵˭
֪ͷǸӵüͷ΢΢һ̧õ˵㲻֪ھƵˤ˵Ǹ
û˵
Ҹ˵ͷһ׺ݵߵǰųӣΪѾŴˣĵ˵㲻ʶ壬һʲôƣ
װ˼ţȻ˵ԭ˵簡
ͷӿųӣüͷĸ
һ˵˵硣
ſǻվĶ׵˵ϣ˵ȹǼң磬Ϊ˸л˵ƣ˭뵽Ȼ顣
˵˵ţ̲ס
ΧͷӲõһ³ȣû˵
ɶڵ
ոھƵ棬Ǽ˲ӣ˵ʲôǶһΪװӣǻ᲻֪ˣ
΢΢һ٣
һŵĿΧˣС˵磬˵ʲôôȫ
Щ΢΢ΧĻ֪Щǹ鷳ģҲװˣı
ĺ֮ûκεĹϵֻǺ˵ơһϿҵ˵
ͷô˵мһû˵ƽʱǲİһȾƵġ
ףô°һؿͷǸӣû˵
ͷӱĵؿĵ˵ܵһİ˼ɱˣİһȾƣ
ͷô˵µʱҪȥ˸ûйϵ
ûйϵҲ֪ǸոھƵ飬ͱ˵ĻһôڻϣͷӲõ˵
ڷҲûʲôˣֻ߸ˡͷһĿüͷţ۾΢УɢΣյĹâ˵ҲѪծѪ˰ɣ
ϴ˷ʲôֱӰˣ
ʲô˵ģ㿴Ӿһ׸ƵĹ˶ģ
ûֱɱ˾ͺãǼˣûʲôµģ
͵͵һΧ⼸ˣ¶׹⣬˫Ŀ죬Ҳ֪Ǵ㶯ˡ
ǼåˣмĿΧļˣ˵Ȱǻʵ㣬Ҫ֣򣬺Ը
åĻһĵЦš
ͷЦ˵ڶѾͷˣȻ˵󻰣֪ôļһ
̾һЩΣȴֲ֪ô˵ĺãһĿΧǼˣ֮Թ޳𣬻ǲҪ󶯸ɸĺãҲ֪Ǹˣ飬ôܲأ
ͷӲмĿЦһΪ˵Ҿûа취ˣǾѾˣƵƵӸ⿪ˣΪǲ֪ΪӵĻôˤ
һû뵽Щ˻ôϸ˵ʲôô˵ҲûʲôãϾ֮нӴ·ָҲˡ
ǼķΪʲô߾أ޿˵Ǽ˵ɫЩ⡣
Ǽô˵ɫѿһ˫ȭգŭĿӡ
ӣû˵ֻǺƽ˵֪ǽҴﵽʲô


592 
еĵط˻زȥġͷĿ˫ͨ죬ǣʮһо仰ѪծѪڣ͵㳥ʱ򣡡
һ䱸ؿǰӣ˵Ҳ֪֮䵽ʲôϵӵĻѵûǻᱻؽȥ𣿡
Ǽһûбʮģʲôµģͷһмؿڳˣӱĵ˵ҲΪµһ
΢΢ˣȴȻе˸Χм䣬ɫЩѿվֱͦһ˵ҾͲˡ
ĻһЦ
ǴûôЦһҪ˴
һĿǼˣԭʱˣɢĮϢ
˿ųӣϵЦݽĽӲ
ͷҲо˳ɢϣֲõĸоһĿ
һƽĿΧˣһܣ漴Ŀͷӵϣ˵ѾǺܶλˡ
ˣѾû·ˡ
ͷһǿĿҧһ˵ǲҪĻᣬڲһˣˡ
仰Χ˵лʡ
ǰˣôô׵أ
һӮģһʲôġ
վֱӣޱɨһΧĻʱҪսپЩһȫͲˡ
ôţޱվ
ȶԷ֣ɿܵͷӵ󣬺òԥֱ֡
ͷӻ֪ʲôֻǰѾʧˡ
ȵͷӷӦʱǰֻʣһƬڰصȥ
ޱĿʣµǼˣһƽ˵ˣעһ¹
˵ţɿܵǼ˵ֱӴˡ
Ǹ˿ŵŵˣһµĿС˵㣬㲻ˡ
ôܲأĳǸȥԥ֡
Щڲˣһɫػ͹ˣһᣬֱӽǸҲˡ
һУһſϵˡ
Ҫǽ˷ŹȥĻһὫǸ˵ĺ˽鶶ȥ˵һֱȥץ
Ϊһʱĸ֮ʾͽ⼸˷Źˡ
ôţɿĽ⼸ֱӽˡ
ԭ֣ڽ
ĳɢĵһ⣬߳µһˡ
ͷ˿ԼӣѾȫɾˣ΢΢Ĺ𣬿һԵĳε̾һӿǲҪˣҪͽ߻ȥ
ЩѾϰˣȫûвĸо
صҵʱ򣬿ʰüͷ΢΢һ壬ʵʲô
ڿʱϵЦӵĲã˵˵磬˰ҪѧˣҴȥѧУ
Ŷһ϶ĥˣЩĵ˵ҪֱӻɣҸпкܶǮˡ
ƫͷһԼЦҡҡͷ˵ˣлл磬ãƽʱ׬ǮҲףԺҪʳģҵǮ൱ҽģʱһỹġ
һԵɳϣԼԼһˮڰ֣ˣҲȱǮġ
֪ȱǮġ˵ţڳĶ棬һƽ˵Ǵ磬һҪģѾұ˳ʲôܸ㣬һǮҵﻹһЩ
һƽĿ࣬һᣬĵͷҪҪǮĻǾͻǮɣνġ
лл硣˵ţתߵõķ˶˳ڳĶ棬ûмõķһֱڳˡ
ֱӳˣúĵͷͦõġ
ô佱Щ˼ĺС˵費ˣĩʱҲûа취ѧУԷֻԼѧ粻Ҿͺˡ
ų꣬ڿֱӽȫϴˡ
ԡʱ򣬳Χһԡ
Ϊûмһ˸ոϴɣæƫͷһԣߵ˵磬Ҫȥѧˣˡ
ӦһһƽĿࡣ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣɿĳȥ
̫ˣߵʱ򣬷Լͷ
еˣڴϣЩε̾һ鷳
һåȻôõѣ
üͷ壬֪ΪʲôֲõԤС
װӣɳϣī׳Ĳȫǽ
վװǰһݵӣͷ˫ַں󱳣ճȭ΢΢ӣ˵ںܺ¡
ٸظһ飡ֵ촽䶯ţǣһԵ⣬ÿŵ˶˵Щˡ
ġǸݵӵ˵игˣֱӽǵȫˡ
ߴǣӽѩصһóʵ
ǣѾȫûˡݸӻ˵漴΢΢̧һӡ
װӽѩصѹǰĴʯϣ͵
ȥʮǽйװѹɳƵ˵
ݸװӵԥģСʵϴ᲻̫
ʲôʲôôʲôװһĲͷ
ǡݸߵæӦһ˳ȥ
ݸߵ뿪֮Ӳεɳϡ
ߴȻˡ
ôܲżߴͷ
һ賿ʱ˻ͨ˵绰
֪زˣôñȥǼ顣
ôţװӳü̣üͷţӣôý
ô˵Ҳֻһӣһֱûн飬õĶӾĶӣô졣
ϢʱװӵˣӶøӵ
̱ɳϣֻϵʾװӳٳٲϽӡ
Ϣһ磬ϳľĺãҲ֪ǲΪѾ˯ˡ
һֱںͱ˵ʱߵ棬ﾲĵģյģġ
㱵ѾȥѧУˣһԵɳϣоöӿյģЩҪԷԥųȥ
Ҳ֪ﻹûз棬ûеĻҪȥ
ĿķˣĹ
൹һϸĹǵø
ڳĬĬĳš
ֻ˸ͣһ߳ŷһ߳ȥһԵֻúĽµ绰
ôˣһ߳һʵ
еעȫڳԷ棬ֻŵһԵġ
磬Ҹ˵ˡ
ֻǱ߻ŻŵĶüͷ΢΢һ壬漴·ˣһˮʲô͸Ͻ˵µġ
˵Ÿż
ô˵ŵץֻǴ²ˡ
εĿһֻ󵭵˵˵գʲô²ˡ
ģ絽أ˵ż˵

꣬ãŲȷʵ˭
֣
֣תĸĿ죬ɫһףﰵһãˡ


593 
ˣڲ˵ˡ˵ţֻҪ
ǵģ磬ҡ
ֱӽ绰ˣԺôĺá
֣û뵽Ǹ˾
ٵĳŷ˵ôֵʱǸеĸϤΪǸеĸñӣҲǺС
ҪֵĻ̾һ군ˡ
һֱûкӣֻһ˵õû˵ֱӵһš
Ϊʲô飬綼ͬġ
ɫӵѿŴҪĳ飬ȫĲԡ
ҲԼҪĻ϶ʲôġ
ѾˣٶҲǹȥʱˣôţӷɿתţ绤̵ӣ϶ܺúõĽˡ
Ŵԥã룬ֱӶֵĺãʡԺô鷳
ֻһأô򵥵ˡ
궪˿棬ɳϣһ˼š
ͷģ˵мֶġ
ôǮˣҪĴˣȻܶ顣
ֻҪһ˾ͺðˡ
ֱɱӺ
ɱӺȽϺãǳĵľǣһưڸݣҪôҪס
ҲǺܸɾģƴҲͲ̫鷳
ôţ泳ֵ
ɫһ䣬ѵЩھˣ
ôţɿܵſڣ
Ȼˡ
ô죿
ţץֻͳԿףɿ̨ܵ棬˿沢ûʲôˣֱܵ¥µļҵ̨ϡ
ܾܲô棬ɿĴ
ٵܵҵĳֱӿų뿪ˡ
·Ƕ¥ʱԶԶؾͿҴӳļҾߡ
̫˷ˣţͷһҪûزƲʧѡ
ڳæСĴ绰е˶⼯ϡ
ɿ쭳ֱܵǳǸ⡣
սȥͿֵȫ档
绰ŵСģųˣһ磬ˣ˵ЩѾ֪ҵλãϽ
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Сĵܵǰʵ磬Ҫʲô
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Сû˵ͷվһԡ
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ˡ˵һжҪҵָӡ
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ߵ棬ȴûһ˿ķɡ
ҪľϢȥ˽⣬һ˽ͣڳϣġ
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ǳȴôΪãƽҪâȵҪʱȻš
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΢΢򴽣̾һƫͷΧ
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ĸ˳ȥ֮һĬĬԭأüͷţһĲá
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ǸСܶ߶µ˵ǵưɶ£춼ˣԣң
ɫЩѿǸСʲô˼Ȼǳˣ
϶Ǹ˶ˣҪǸ˵Ļôôĳͬʱ£û뵽Ǹôֱʡ


594 
˵Ҳû뵽һȻôԼҪ֪Լոո˵ˣζҪԼ㣬ڶԼǸȥ
Ҫ֪ԼС͸ΪǽĻԼѾˣǵõʱԼĵ磬ҲһĺӰˣԼ͸Ӳ˵ˣֻһƾɵĲӱԼ·һȻһҪŷʱ˲࣬һһϺĶ죬һˣӹͷĽ㣬Ҳꡣ
ֱӰͷŵԼĻȻůͷѾı֮ŷŵСĳȥ˵Ľ֮رԼ˸ɱˣһﵱȻǻߵУҵԼСʱ
ԼıСİְֻҪˣʱСһǸӤбж࿪ˣʱʱҪһ£ʱԼĽ㻹ЦԼո˾˵ˣȻôżǻԼȵлʱ
ԼȥһŮһʵԼҲôģǸûκεĻᣬԭһûⱲӾͰԼӣû뵽һֱõȻˣԼ棬رѹ
˾ư֮󣬱һƨҪ֪ԼΪ磬֪֪ԼǰΪ磬ǵԼɱǸһ˾ˣһŹԼȻ˵Ļ
ôԼҲûбҪԴУܹɱ¾ҪģţԼӵĻԼռȻҲ磬ҲԼĻᡣ
Ҫ֪ưɵƱ֪ǰһﵽʲôˣȻЦ˹ȥȻѯҪʲô
֪λȵʲôʲôУֻ벻ûȲ
ȻǳҲģȻǲŹˣֻЦſ˿ǰƱȻŲ䲻˵ȻĻҪһβơ
⻰ǰƱЩסˣϾǰһˣ͵һβƣҪôأ
ô˵ⶼǿ˵ҪԼǲ˵ֻõͷȻʹС뿪ˡ
һĹ֮Ʊ԰βƶ˹ΪӸղϸĴһ³Կó϶һʡ͵ĵƣǰһ
ôãȻǲϣκε飬ȻϰҲǸ磬ǾǸԼѾôˣиףԽԽ¶ˣȻĻʱԼϰ壬һԼġ
˵ˣҪҸùˡǵõļβƣһɣ
ЦŰβƽ˹Ҳûж˵ʲôʵưҲѾ˹ȥˣҪ֪ȻһģȻҲҪֱӸɵס
˱ǰβƺһڣʱȴְӵ˵ϣĺ˵ưɵô£ôܰľƶ˳ÿ˺أǵõľưɣҿǻ䲻ƺţˣҪòưõľƣǲȥģһǣΣǶһҪҵ⣡
ЩƱסˣû뵽ȥʱģǾȻɵģϰֲֻܹĿȴֲǣΪҲǴġ
ǱЦӭߵ˵λǧҪǶõľƵģ
˵㼱æԼЩСԱĴæȥѰ˵õľơ
һֻ֮ƱһʺɫľƣȥӦרŸ׼ģЩ棬ÿһ㶼ŲͬɫһƯ
˵ˣǵ֮Ǵ˵еǸʺƣҪ֪ưɣĵطǸûеģҲǺȲģԣܺȵĺþƣǲˣ
Ʊ֮дһЩԺ˵
ȷʵˣһ˵ӣƱҲûƭˣΪʺƣȷʵֻľưɲܹƳľưҲЧ¹ûа취û˼ʦ
һۿⱭƵʱҲ΢һӣû뵽仹Ưľơ
Ǳ㼱æ˹ȻһڣζرĲǽԼҲģɲƷƵġ
ûа취еⱭٴθˤ˵ϣֻĲʺ絹˵ϣԵøӵƯ
ǰǸƱˣҪ֪ԼǷ˺ܴǸƵʦʿɵʺľƣû뵽ȻغһڣžͰƵ˵ϡ
еҲǣˣһͲǵȾƵģǵµġ
ҿλ˸ͲȾưɣȻĻǾûбҪˣǸϿȥɣȻ֮ǰҪƵķøˣ
˵Աһ˵ĵӣȻ󽻵ϡ
ļ۸ʵסˣֲ֮ǰ˵翪ľưǾǱ
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Ȼ˵ʺȷʵܹ󣬿ҲӦûй̶ֳȰɣ˵ʲôҪǿǿ
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֪һ϶Ҳģ˵׵ʱ򣬷ǰƱιȥԼǲǮջǿ϶ǲøԼϴ󽻴ġ
Ա㳯СкȻСȫ߹˸Χס
һӱֱָųıӴһûôҪģ˵ȾƾͺȾƣǷҪôɣǸùƣȻ˵ǾͲúȣǵưѾôĿˣĻѾȫûй˿ˣЩ֮Ȼ벻ˣҲʲôطϽĵȻƣҸ㣬ҪûǮֱӸҲǱóġ
治̳ģ˵Ȼִֺ
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治£Ȼ˵Ӳĺܣֱ˴ϢĻᣬҽ컹ǰѻ⣬ΣҶҪǵϴװҺپƣ
⻰һڣưеȫסˣҪ֪ڳȫ֪ôȨôôͳεġ
ԭʱĽ㣬絽ط֮סĵطûУؤԣһֱַտʼʱܺãϾطҲǶġ
û뵽ʱ˺ܾ֮ȷʵһ˾ͲˣϾŮӴһСкҵͬľͻһ㣬ҲͰǮȫˣԱߵЩؤرĺۣҾԼĵ̣ȻĻЩǮԼģ˱ȵɢһǮ֮ؤǱܹŽǮ


595 
˵ǲӦðЩǮָһ㣬Ҫ֪ǵĵ̣ҪǵĵҪô͵øһЩ·ѡ
ֻһú׳ʵؤֱ׳ߵ˵ǰȻݺݵ˵
Ҫ֪ʱҲѾʮˣ϶ǶˣرԼĽ㣬ȻÿζҪһǮǽȴҪǮӣסԳԷʱ򣬽˵ٵǮȴԼõĶԼӪϣҲΪʲô磬Լôõԭ
û뵽ЩؤԼҪǮȻȡ֣տʼǲģû뵽ؤȴǸӵ˷ŭˣֱӳ׼Ǯ
ЩǮԼòҪģǾԲκ˵ģ˱һ߸ؤᣬһߴĺţЩǮģ㶼ܹߡ
ϾСӣؤЩǮܿ㱻ؤˣôãҲһʺܴĻǸؤõЩǮ֮󣬶ʱЩؤ԰š
ֻû뵽ȴڳȫסˣԭֱһשͷݺݵؤͷϣʱؤͷѪĵ˵ϣ磬ǰһϵǮȫ˻ֺݺݵĳһһڡ
ţЩǮԼϣĺˣԺ󲻻۸ǣЩ˶ˣԺ⼸Ƕģ˭ҪǸϸҾͰǵֽŶǶˣһֻһССĽѵ
Ҫ֪ʱҲûж󣬿һȴʾһ޷ֿһƣԱСĽʱ͸ƽʱ·һֱչ·֮ĶȻĽտʼǲͬģǺԼĵܵȷʵʺϸУܱһֱԼؤҪðɡ
ԾͷԼĵܵȥԼڼΪܵܵĶЩϵ£ŻԽԽһЩж֪һǵϴ󣬶ܿ˺üưɡ
ľưɿҵʱ򣬶ҪӶһЩ֣ϾưɵǻмģȴͲһˣҵţѾŵЩ׼͵͵ˣﻹҼأȻˣǵһЩģҺȾƾȻֱӲǮ
Ʊ׼ԼСֵܶʱȴͻȻˣʱ㼱æ˹ȥȻϴ߿˵磬ϿȥɣС޷ˣʲôľͲ˵ȻֱӲǮһ˵ϴԳĻһֱﲻˣʵǲ֪ôˣ
⻰ֻ֮ǵ˵ͷҪֻ֪ưɣļưҲ飬붼룬϶ǳľưɵңԼط
һ뵽һɱԼľͱˡ
˱ֱӽԼеǰѿյýģȻ˳ǰϸĳΪһͷ϶˵ãû뵽ȥȴǳ˿һˡ
ȻҲܹԼɱˣԼǲЩ̫룬ƽʱҲûٽԼ˵Ĺ򣬰˵ӦÿԶԸһˡ
ƶԼŲ˳ǰȻָųû˵Ǹ˵ҵɱˣ鵽ĻǼٵģ
һԼǸĻֱӰԴˡ
ǳ̬ȴǸͷð
ֻĴϻһƣȻ·ֻСһȻ赭дĵͷ˵ĲǸһȷʵǱҸŪˣֻԹһԼûǸ£Ҫңûа취Ҫ֪᱾ǿ۸ߣ˭ܹԹ˭ֻܹһԼˣԭǸһľ˾ˣӦǿˡ
˵Ȼ˸Ƿ
û뵽һɱԼھȻ̬ȣԼԼʲôˣԼ⼸·ϻ˶磬ôܻôһС˵ϡ
ϾԱôСԼֱӳȥĻԵЩÿˡ
ҲԱߵһϣݺݵĿϣû˵ǿ۰ıҪ֪Ⱳǲкˣҵӣ죬㾹ȻɱˣҾѪծѪ㻹ʲôҪ˵Ͽｻˣ쵽ҿ϶ˣô˵Ҷһˣ
⻰˵ȷʵ٣˵ĻƽʱҲһӲʲô鶼ǸҵҪѱ˴֮ǰǻһ˵ԼԸĻᣬȻһԸʵ֣ŲŻҪһҲ֮ǰ޵ǵȥ
ʵ֮ǰ粢ģֻΪɱ¾̫࣬ǰһЩ֮ǰԼɱЩ˵Ĺ꣬رơ
ŷҪıˣͻȻ뵽ɽϣһõɮ԰Լ˱첻ֱԼųɽȥļϺУаԼЩɱ¾ȫ
ȻˣʵԼ֮ǰЩɱ˵飬ҲԼҪģԼֵĻͻñ˸ɱѭҲʳϵʳĽ˵ԼǻڵģԼݣ±˷ֱȰԼɱˣܹ֮ôá
ȻˣΪȷʵе㱾£СΪԼչˣӪȻǸˣԼ׽㣬ԶǧѧУһ汾µˣȻ̻һЩҪ֪ɶӲ򣬵ʱѧϰʱ򣬻֪˶ٵĿࡣ
ջԲŻ˽ôı£ȻˣǵǸʦɩѾ˸ˣ˵ˣɽ֮󣬱ֱӾɽ·ʮ̣˵ҲģͨҪɽĻʲôҲҪʵһʱ䡣
һȴֻСʱֱɽֻʱȴǹرյģЩ˱ʹôɽţȴûа취ֻţڹ򲻸ˣȵʱ˰Ÿˡ
ʱ缸ѾҪιȥǸõɮҲֽຣɮæԼЩͽܣһŽȥȻιһЩ࣬Ű˻˵ʵڵģҲǸģͽԼȫȫõɮ
һӹຣɮǰҪ֪ԼЩӿǹ̫ʹˣЩǼֱ겻ɢǳԼʱӶһȺһȺֱԼУԼξȫռˡ


596 
ǰһ㶼޷˯˵⣬õɮҲຣɮʱ۾һЩΣû뵽ǰһȻôɱ¾Ҫ֪棬ɱ¾ˣǿǻٵģǰһֻҪ١
ҲŤתһһᱻֵһ˸𣬵ȻˣһУõɮǾԲ˵ģΪϼһҲף˿̾ͽʱԼǰ¾ˣΪ˱ԼЩͽܣõɮֻɱһѣ˵ֻҪɱ֮ǰҪһԸ
ôҲͲټȥˣΪϾ֮ǰǻһϣֻҪЩ˰ϣˣô֮ҲͲټɱԼˡ
ȻˣõɮҲǺ˵˵ȷʵһݣ˵óԸߣӣ˼Ҳ˵ֻҪ֮ǰԸʵ֮ˣҲͲκεԹ
֮ǰ֮лЩɱˣΪ֮ǰЩɱˣЩдЩԹޣĻΪ˹»ҰҹҹֻһЩˣܹ飬õɮȫԼĻ
ÿɱһˣҪһԸʮֵ鷳СҲرĺ棬ûа취Ҳϴ
Щ֮󣬳ҲסˣȻ֮ǰ飬û뵽Ȼģ翴Ǹõɮ˵Ļ
˵Ҳ֣ԴǸõɮĻ֮ΣҲԽԽˣΪԼĸСˣԲŻˡ
ҵԸʵֲˣҲûбҪ˵ˣ
һԼԱߵСģȻŲ䲻˵
Աߵһȴ֪
ⷴЩ棬ʲôԸԼҲʵֲˣ
˱ÿָû˵㷴ӰҵȤˣҸ֪ʲôԸ˵ֻҪܹ㣬ҿ϶ӦģȻˣ˵ΪɵĻȻǰﲻ㣬һ˵Ըһ쵽ġ
ֻһԼţȻʮֿ϶˵
絹Ҳû˵ȴˡ
֮ǰԼҪɱһˣһԼСܣС֮ǰʹӦһһʵһԸһ룬ȻǸԼһٷܾȣջǲԶǧԼС˷ɻȻСܵĸ׸˹
Ȼһߵķ꣬˳һٷʱǸҪɱСܿԼĸ׼ӹʱжʱرĸмҵʱԼԸҲ˵ζҪԼĸ֪ԼϾҪɱ飬絹ҲԼĳŵ
ûа̫̫ٷԵõҲرܰϾ̫̫Լһ£һɽر࣬ԼܵҹΪеѹҲʲôõĹټһﱾûʲôƾ
ûй飬ԣֻͶ磬ưһСܣӣʵҲͰˣû뵽һȻΪ˴õһЩǮƾȻܶй¶ˣҪ֪й¶ܵˣȻǲܹȥ֮
ʹһɱˣ񿴵ˣҲĸʮܰӣЩжȻ˶ˣԭˣʵ֮ҪԸǸõɮԼܲɱ¾ĻͲҪһЩɱ¾
˵ˣʱЩʵֻǸõɮԼõһżԼɱ֮ǰúõף˵׸ò
ȻҲǣԼǾԲܷŹģΪǼǿɱ֮
СܺӣŽԼԸ˵˳ȴеȫŭˡ
Ȼ˵Ҳûа취ˣҵԸܼ򵥣
û뵽һȻô󵨣Сܶʱ㱩ŭˣĳ˵ζҪһɱˣһȻͷϺΪ
ȻҲԾɻǰ˰֣ԼЩС˵ֵ֪ҲҪ̫ŭˣһȷʵҵô˵һɱģǷĺһҪһѪծѪ
Щߵǰ۵
ԼеԱߵСģԼܵв㼱æеǸɵ׼һԴȴܾˣСĵ֣ѹȥҪ֪ô֪ܲСһǿɲĶ֡
Ǹ첲ȵСһĴȣԻǲϣСһѰ·ˣԼԴ¶һЩѶȣȻ˻ʤϣȻĻԼҲðյԽԼ˵һֺ֮αѰ·
ǰѿĲϣŵ˫ۣȻͳ˵˵СӣǼŭˣҪ֪ôûû˸Ҹô˵ǵһҺ㣬Ҳò㣬ҪټҵĻҲֹʵԸһҪɱ¾Ҳǲټˣ
ȻóԼѾİǻˣԼҪľĿġ
˵һԣŶԱߵһˮغЦų˵ʵѹûбҪô£ҾøӦãҲЩӦ÷ʡûкúù̵ܽĻһҲӳȥɪǵңʵ̫ˣȻĻҲ֣˵ģ˵õɮϣԻɱ¾ֺγɱˣ
Щ˵ȷʵеԼǸָŪģ˵ȫǸ⣬Ҫһ̫ԼԼҲӡ
ԱߵСģҲǸŴĸϴ˵ĶԣǸҲ磬ȻĻϴҲֵģ£Ǿȡ
ѾŭģСĵĻֱŭȼյ˼㣬⿳ֱӳСĿ˹ȴ׼ʱ򣬸ָסˡ
ʵһȥĳû뵽Ȼô󣬲ԼҲǰ˵ģ˱㽫еȫǿѹѿϣȴؽѻԼָϡ
ĸԿԱߵСŵøϽ㿪ĵȴԾѹţĳ˹ʱѾЩˣǿôС壬ȻҸԼôãȻˣʵҲǷ˺ܴ
ֻ磬ôˣָѾرʹȴаʧΪֻҪԼѿֱӿԼնˣ˾ƾе֧ţȴΪһУ˲Ͽˡ
ԭղźеĲǱˣһӿȥʮֵˣưɺ˾ƣԸղŲŻһǽεոƻˣʵżæԼַŵ
Ҫ֪ղԼĲһͶٿ磬ҲûбԼö٣˫ֶѾ˲ٵĺҶͷҲǴδεĺˮµš


597 
СӣǿȻôҲ֪Ϊʲôˣȷʵûʲôίģ׻˵ĺãɱ˳㲻ܾװ׵İ˸ɱˣҵһСˣҶҪοҵ
һƨ֮ǰǸϣûس˵
֪ΣһҪԼȥˣҲΪ˰һûκε
ߵǸƱ˹Ȼųıߵ˵˵ϴʲôôȥҲǸ취Ӱɣһ취Ǿɫӣ˭Ӵ󣬵ʱ򣬱ֱһ˸һһֱԷΪֹȻһҪǩ״ģ
⻰һӰ˵Ȥȫ
Ҫ֪ȷʵĵϵһ취Ǳǩ״ȻһɫӣȻ˻ҡ˭ĵ󣬱ԸԷһһֱȥ˭ʧѪôԷҲͰˡ
ЩǰСĸˣȻ֮ǰԼ˵Щ飬û뵽ȻģҿϷˣµʱԿĿ϶ԼϴˣԲܹ鷢
Ǳ˵ģ˵磬ôǧʱ򷸺Ϳһһֱûһˡ
ЩС˵ȻҲģʱȴһ⡣
Ҫ֪ЩСһôãǳٳûпڣҪ֪ҲǸɵӣô֪ܲƱʲô
Լ֮󣬵ʱƱͳϵϴԼòϻô꣬ôһҵһԼѹȥǾԲܵģ˵ԼֲɵȻԼһǹֱֱֱȥġ
Щ˵ıƻƵóԼԼӦˣԼǸҲǲͬģʱԼ֮󣬿꣬Ҳûչˡ
ȻƱģôһԼһζ
Ҫ֪ƱǱˣǵǸؤؤһֱ磬ȻеرУ˵Ļһﶼȥô֪ܲһһֱԼԼǰһֱһשĵڵϵġ
ȻһԴ֮󣬱һֱΧԼߣһģζһߣЩ˵統ȻǲŵģǱϾѾô꣬һֻ絹ҲûΪһ
һǸҪľưɵһƱԼϽô˵ҲϽַھӣϾλеģȻԼҲףƱ˽һֱڴ۶ԼСܣԼŸɣҿЩСرĴ˵Լرģ˵ûκεá
һûеõЩС֧֣ܵΪЩСܣǾԶǾӢеľӢô͸һһקűˣȻЩҲ͵͵ؽЩ˵ϣϿ콫ƱȴֻЦЦر˼ԼҪһĻᡣ
һ֪֪Լû뵽죬һȻֱӳ⣬ҪԼȥôĻܺãþƱԼζʱľƱ֮е˸ΪԼѾõ˿϶ʱֻҪˡ
ôԼ֣ʱͿԸС˵ڴ֮ǰԼúõչЩֵˣʱ򻹲Լ˵㣬뵽֮Ʊ氵Щˬ죬ûиܵɱѾԼ
ȻôϲĻǽҳսɣô˵ҲưɵľƱҲҪˣ
ֻЦԼǣȻʮյĿưɣһȻҪңѰ·
⻰֮Ʊʱסˣϴ׶ģû뵽Ȧ׾ȻԼߡ
ȻƴǣǿݺݵԼƱβ֪ԼƴǵĻôԼļƻҲȫһʶˣֻӲͷƤ˵ͷȻǰ˹ȥ
Էû֣ԶһСܣֽжֵģֱӳ˳Ȼ˿ƱʱЦˣ໥ϷĻ³ǲռˣֻôļһԼĻʱ϶Ťתơ
Ա㼱æߵ˳ǰȻӧϴܳκε飬ȻԷôûõļһô߾ҳȥɣϾһǱˣ
Ҫ֪ôˣѾ³ʲô˼ƱˣеҲǣЩףȻֵܣΪʲôҪɱϸ˼һ£¾ΪƱҪλ
űҪ֮ȥⱾȻ飬ֻϧƱʵ̫̰ˣѾλҲ㲻ˣȻ֮ǰʲô޾𣬿ݶϿԿóһѾʧȥģҲͲһȥ˵شҲ
Ʊ˴ǰȥȥ޻أߵСзЩģҪ֪һƽʱһֱƻģֻҪ粻Ʊ˵˵һֱ˵ﲻãЩСǱ磬뵽Щ飬ЩСǾ;һԲʲôˡ
ȻôԽһȻǰͲõģ˵绹䣬˹Ȼ׼ȷһһı׼һ˵ȷʵһСвҵĻһǼֱṩĸοԷҲó
Ͳ֣ǸЩֵ֣Ҫ˵ֵĻǾһʿΪһﱾһģñرĿ࣬ƽʱĲǱģҪ֪ǿر֣ԭˤӣСˤӣЩǾǾ׳׳ģϿȥȻر֡
ȴȫһЩʮ׳ʵ壬˻࿳ĻƱϾ͵õѪ
ΪԷϾȥҲǺֵӣû뵽Ȼôһ׳ˣĻ֤ԼȥǱض·һƱæܵߣȻһӹš
˵ҲˣԷɳôһǿ׳ˣҸûʤ㣬һȥض·һϴǰôĵķݶϣһ·ɣұ֤Ժһúøϴ󣬺úõΪϴ¡
Щˣֻеȵݶ֮Ż¶ԼģƽʱʱʱĻԼСЬΪԼ֪
罫ԼƤһ£ȻЦЦģ˵ƱѽǴҲ㣬ֻһҪԶţ׻˵ĺãһԾŶȻ⻰˵ȥģǾͲܹڣ˵Ȼȥʮֵǿ׳ȴǲһģǵõҲһСղҲ˸˵ǲǣҪûмǴĻҿһСӣȻһשܰڵϣ


598 
Ļ֮ƱˣԭһԼ˵Ļֻ֤һ飬ԼȥֶԿǾ·һˣΪͲԼ뵽֮һرĺڡ
ͲӦøԣʲô취أ鶼Ѿ˵ԼҪ˳ҲǾԲģԼߣǿ˿ԱΧСܡ
ԼĳȥҲᱻֱõĻȥƴһƴʱгɹĿܣ˵ˣԼܹӮĻҲͲΪԼˡ
ûа취еȫǿԼͷϣһֻܹӲͷƤߵֵǰԼָ׳˿һۣȻߵԱд״ǩԼ֣Ҫ֪״ǿ˵ʱֻҪǩˡ
Ǿ㾯쵽ҲǾԲκιϵģΪȷ涨Լǩ״ôˣʱҲᱣģô򵥣ͺñǩ֣Ͳҡ
˵ѾûκεĹϵˣȻ״ǩ֮󣬱ֱӶԼС
״ǩ֮󣬳һЦ˵ǿ˵ôģϴҲͲϿ쵽ҽбƴ⵱ʱģĿĺܼ򵥣ϴ󣬸Ͽʱλã˵ôƵ뷨Ϊϴ֪أԵȻͲϿ
⻰ǸƱһȭػҪ֪Լ뷨Ȼǰֵ˶µĳô֤ȷʵһ˵ģѾµԼЩ˼ֲñԼһƴԼҪɥڴˡ
ںȴֻЦЦûж˵ʲôΪѾһˣеֵͦģһҲǸ磬ôĲô˵һӦҲԼһЩæɣ
һﲻԼҲôݶ״ǩԼ֣ƱľҪˡ
Լ뷨Ѿ̫ˣûԼ߾ѾˣֻǰƱһѳֱӳֿ˹
ȷʵƤģ屾ر׳ʵһֻںһ˺ۣȴûֱǽǾЩͬˣƱϾҪָʱ򣬶ʱŵƨ׼ߣȴСܺݺݵƵ
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˵Щ֮󣬶ʱ㽫ƱݺݵƵֵǰ
˵ʵղһľƱȷʵǳԼȫʹԼ̵ſ԰һû뵽ûʲôЧֻ˼һ˰̶ѣžֵԼˣֻЦЦȻһסƱݺݵؽƵԱߵһľϣűӶԼ󿳵Ҫ֪֮ǰ״˵
ǲֱܹӿϵĲλһֱӳƱϿ˹ȥȻǸļһʱֱУƱֻʹĴϢһ㵹ڵ˹ȥԱߵЩ˶סˣưɺȾƵˣЩ￴Ϸģ񿴵
ŵøϽƨˣһЩǱȽϴģҲûа⵱ʲô£ֻԱһؼףһﱾ͸Լ˿ԭƱƽʱưɣǿҫܾԼұۣȫҪԼĻ
ЩǣЩͣѾһҶθ練ӳȻֻһʵĻᣬȻһǺˣ
ֻƱʱ۾ȴʹص磬Ҫ֪֮ǰԼһðשĵڵϣԼȴԶ۾ˣһԶرԼ۾ʱȴǷ·𿴵һֻϱһ㣬ûзϣֻߵСܸϽְȻûаָɱ
ǱϾҲ˺صˣһСֵܲԱߵһҽԺȥϸһƣСǿΪԼʮִ˿ǰǸ磬ҲǸԼһޱ飬һܹҲһܣȻˣҲƵó
ô˵ҲǸԼôõһСܣСܲʵһʱʱԼλãǾһҲĸˣοһˣƱȻĹ⣬ƽʱҲǸͽģԵҲû˵ûƽʱЩ
˷ЩϰߣȻˣΪȫΪǰһĳ֣ԼҲԼҲСȥ໥ƴջȻ״Ѿǩϵ֣κ˶ܹڡ
û뵽СܾȻôͿȻƱˣغˣ¸غҿɾͲˣ
ֻ΢΢ԼĨ룬ȻĿӡ
ֻ֪ĸģȻϢֱӸĽ㣬Ľ˵ԼӵʱҲ˲ֱһ˵˽ϵʱ򣬱㲻Գ˹ȥҿסˡ
˵һô£Ȼпһ˵˵ѵôģ֮ǰǴӦңζҪ𣬿ǧҪ˵ĻҵĻҲܻ죬㿴˳ˣѵǰ𣿡
ֻĽ㣬ҲǸ꣬ʱһʹ廨ȭͷôļ
֪Լί㼱æԼ󱳣ȻŰο㲻Ҫ룬ôܻŹ˺ˣֻڶţҾҪ˵ͷԴϵ￴ðɣҲֲ֪ˣҾôһһֱԼӣûˣҵ治ܡ
˵ҲĨһᣬԼͣʱϢģȻŭԱߵǺ޲ð̻ˡ
Ů˵ЩΣҪ֪ʱԼҪģֻΪǸһѰ·ʵǸүԼûʲôϵ
ֻû뵽ʱͻȻſ߹һ̫̫̫̫ǵưѰ˵ģֱǰΣЩ˶ú֣̫̫ʱжʱرľȣôӣ֮ǰѾ˵ʧ


599 ˵
˵˭ҵǸСˣܵǾưˣۻ軨һʱ֮ûпסȻһˣ˵жߣ
·һ㣬ֻ̫̫תţпǱߣѰԼӣԱߵЩ˶ˣʲôĵط
ͨ׳ղȾƵЩѾŵøϿˣΪÿ˶֪ϾҪһȷѪ꣬˭֪ôҪ̫̫Ȼ̫̫ܵưɵĻǿǸӵĲҪˣطȥ޻صģ
ѾŤ˼㣡۸ԼҲˣͻȻô̫̫ȻԼҪ֪Լ·ͳôã
ʱԱߵһСܣҪֺ磬Աߵ̫̫ߣʹĳ̫̫׼һӣȻݺݵ˵˵̫ô£ѵûпϴﴦ飬ӸûϿҹȥưɿɲĵط
Ϊ˵Ǹ̫̫ͻ뿪ģû뵽飬ȷʵôҶˣֻ̫̫ЦЦȻ޳һèһգţ㳯С˺ȥһת۵ĹСܵԴȻֱӴӲϵˣȻ๾Ĺǰ
ȻҲϣѾˣûмô׺ˣôı£Ȼһ仰˵ֱӾͳ֣̫ţʱԼûп̫ŵʹʲôԼСܵԴ˺ġ
һԱĽ㣬ŵøϽ㵽˺棬ЩСǰ浲Լ
û뵽̫̫ȴһԼϵѪȻЦЦ˵ǺαأΪʲôҪΪ̫̫ҲǵһҵǸӣǵãҪңڵˣŪԴԴ岻ģڰ˼ңֻԹԼãҪǵ̫ţ̫ţȻˣҵǿɲǺܲģ
ЩǾȻڳ˶סˣ̫̫Ǹʲôĳλ
ԱߵȴЦЦҪ֪Լ˵ڵϣһֱһ̫̫һ٪һĺӣ˱Ϊڰ˫ɷ
Ҫ֪׹ҲǺڰ˫ɷ֮һһֱһ̫̫ʵͲûж󣬵һĹǾǵ˶壬ҵ˵Ƿĵزˣҵ׹¶ԼǸֲյʱ򣬾һֻèһԵʱǸ˶ǿ̫̫Ǹˣûһܹ
һڹ˵ĻǾ͸ӵˣһﲽرĿ죬ȻرİСһ٪һ㣬ȴǳּ죬˵ĻҪ׹˵ԼǵڶĻôһλóڹû˸˵ˡ
ֻڰ˫ɷںܾ֮ǰ죬ǹ̾ˣΪʲô
ҿȥһԲǸƲ磬׹Ļô֤ڹԾڸֵĻڳ˶ûʶ˵Ķ֣ʱԹеĸȫһŰڰ˫ɷȫǰ׷˵ټҲ
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Ѿ֪ˣָǺڰ˫ɷˣΪӲԶһ٪һĳ̫̫˹ϻһһĶϴźɫַΣǲϸĻ
ΪһСӣǿ˿һȴһӵģ泤˺룬ֻһ￴ʱȴ·Цһ£Լ۾ǲǳ⣿ϸʱһѾתȥ̫̫·ֱԱߵЩһ㡣
˵һô£ҲԼһưųǸӣԺҲҪҽӣ˭ӣͣ
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ȿˣ˵Ȼ֪λմﴦһЩ飬ҲûеﵹλϣλҪϽ飬ʲôĻλԭ¡
Ҫ֪ƽʱ磬ǿǴûи˷ȴͬˣȻֱӸһǸϣõ˵ԭ¡
ԱߵСǶʱ˽
Ǹ̫̫Щ֮󣬶ʱЦʵҲֻˣֻǰ˵״ģǾú˼ԾһƣһҲ̫ܵˣһתҾͿˣԲŻᵽưɣ˽µĻҲͲˣϿ߰ɣȻһ˼ġ
˵֮ڹĴư˳ȥڹߵʱ򣬾Ȼˣͷһ۳Ǹ֮УǱ˼óӵɻˣ˵϶ʲôĿģȴʲôû˵ֱˣѰζ
߳ȥ֮ʹһҪ֪˵Ǹ֣ڳˣûһܽӹУԼʮ֮ڣҲñ˸Ū
˵һﵽʲôˣôôǰôû˵ղСܣƽʱҲģǵǼֱһֻСèô򵥣˵һֱӰһˣҶú£ҿôû˵ѽ
Ľ㣬һ߻ŸղŵΣһʮֽŵԼţʮֵǵ˵
ȻԼڵϣҲǻ˺ܾˣǻû˵˵ţɱˣȴܹ׷ӦǺļһҪܰΪõĻԼǿľһˡ
ֻջεҡҡͷҲ֪˵ʲôͷôṦôǸղǹĻҲܹѸٵ㣬Ҫ֪Щһ㶼һЩģҿûиôĵףȻ컹֪ᷢʲô顣
û뵽ȴЦΪԼе˵
㻹طôõϴ󣬾ڰ˫ɷû˵Ҫ֪ڶ֮ǰһǰѺڵĸͳˣеЩϴǣһģûһֵֻʵ̫ˣ̾ˣ˵Ű˸ץסȻصϣû뵽ôӴܳˣ⽭ҪһȷѪˡ
˵Щ̾ȷʵˣԼܹɵĻǸлүˡ
ˣҲ֪ʲôԵʾһ𣬶ңзһЩԣ˵ҪкڵϴȫԼ˲ҪΪڵϴ
տʼ˵ڰ˫ɷʱЩڵ˲ûзУΪƹ飬û뵽ûãЩڰϴһһʧ٣е˵һһ׵ˡ
ϸӦþһˣһﵽֻתתȻˣҲʵóЩ⡣


600 ̩ɽ
ȻﶼѾ뿪ˣ絹Ҳٺ˭ˣ˱ԼǸ˹ԼҲ޷ˣΪսپ
ۿѳҪ嵽ദǾ12ʱ򣬳תһ£һߣֱӾͰ˦һߣҿرͣŽԼȹסȻĻѾ˦Ǹǽȥˡ
ԱĽ㣬ﰵΪľҪ֪ԼĵܵƽʱҲǺڷùϰģҵʱԼǸʦǾǸ֣֮ȴԾ㲻涼Щ졣
û뵽СֵͦݵģûôҶ߳ȥСɣΪ
һԼĽ㣬һŲԵٴγ˹ȥ
ʷԼеһæ˹ȥԱߵļӸӣʱѴ󳤿ֱӱ÷顣
ŵϵЩѾȱȶӣԼţȻЩ٩˵һǸҿûиӻһȻĻҲҪ군ˡ
һôһ˵ĻֱðԼС֣ʱЩСǱˣʼų˹ɵҲ˳Ա߳ЩСǣȻҲǳصģʱҲӿ˹СΪ׵ЩˣҲ׷Լ
ǸСܴһȻȷʵ٣ƽʱԸɷҲ٣û򷴵ЩҿȴǳᣬݺݵؽСܲ嵽һԡ
Щ˵ĸ첲ֱӱһﻹЩˣԼĵܵôܸɣǸĽбˣǼȥ϶ܹԼıӱ
ֻû뵽ʱȴͻȻ֪ɹһȣʱ㽫ֳȫˣмһϡ
ƵʱȴͻȻһͷ׷ߣЦ߽ư߿ȥһƽʱϰģΪߵĴţƽʱ̫ȭǸ·ȻˣͷӿȥǸӵȷס
Ϊ·ѾóŲӯ̶ȣǿɲһܹȵϵģҪ֪֮ǰԼ˵⹦ԽõˣܹṦˮƯⲢ֮ǰЩ˹Ū飬˵ǹģһ־磬ȷʵܹԼ
һĳ̶ȣһֱ˵еӦþӵģȻ˳񻹲ܹе˼ֻߣȴǾһرѹҲ֪Ϊʲô㳡һֱڡ
洦ɢˣǰȴ˾úǲͬһʲôݰɣ
˵ͷô£ûȻҳǲ˰ɣôʰ㣬鲻ˬȰ˵
˵ĲǱˣ磬Ҫ֪ղǸ󳤵ϾҪˣǶΪͷĹȣԼʧȥҪĻᣬ統ȻеĻȫ˵ϣ޲ðֱǧС
ǵѳʱȴǱ˫ָһ󣬾ͰסȻ˳һƣֱӷɳȥԶҵڵϵʱһѪЩȵˣϼһﵽʲôˣôô
Լϴ󱻴ڵأĽ㻹ЩСǱֱΧ˹
ͨղƷ֪ˣһﵽʲôݣӦþ֮ǰһºţֽ̩ɽ˵ǸһԭҲһڵϴ󣬲ȥϴӦѾˣһȴԾӰĶߡ
Ҫ֪ʲô̩ɽˣǿɲôƣΪһһɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷǵ֮ǰΪһˣСĵ̫ˣû뵽ҹ̩ɽ˾ȻֱԼǹƥͥһȫɱˡ
ЩСŮǸŮӣȫļһ̣ˣҪ֪̩ɽ˿ȥܺƣرںЩ飬һЩ˶ˡ
Ȼ˾ʱ̩ɽͲ֪ܵȥˣ̩ɽȴƵ˺ˣȴѾһرŻֻŻ˵Ѿɢˣ̩ɽҲѾ֪ȥȫټ񵽵ô£ڰ˫ɷ
̩ɽˣûô򵥣ҵʱڰ˫ɷ·ʲôԼûв´ĻӦϼһɣϼһܵΪʲô
û뵽ʲô飬̩ɽ˾ȻֱȳԼʱЩӦӲϾͷӵô
˵ԼղŲû˵ʲôҲûеһȳȴǼæԼȥνӣû뵽ǹɳȴǰԼ嵽ȥҿԼҲеȫۺϵ˹ͷ
ԲŻûб˺ȴԾɾԼؿرۣϼһȻ˵еôһĹȸղǸڰ˫ɷҪһɣȻˣ֪һǲκ˷еģղǸ磬£ӲһһС
û뵽ôȻô˱Цſ˿Ȼʮֱĵؿһ硣
û뵽СģӻһҪöˣҽ쵽ҲΪ˶ԸСආ治ҳ֣˵⣬һȻѾˣͲҪˣ֪ѾҺܾˡ
˵ˣȻֻһһѸٴ˳Ǳˣڰ˫ɷ
̩ɽˣԼʱ׹ʱЦ˵ʹˣҿһ㶼ûУղŵĹԽԽǿˣҿôãȻĻı˦ˣҲò塣
ԭһԴӴǸӳ֮󣬱һֱؽ䣬ԴӴ֮󣬱ſһˣ˱һֱ￿һЩ棬׹ѾǸɱ¾Բϣڹһ𣬴һõ
˻͵͵һӣϾڹ岻ãС٪֢ӵģûа취ڸԺһӣԺǲģ˵֮ҲףϾ׹Ѿ˱վͣڹҲͣպһӤԾͱڹ׹ˡ
Ҫ֪˱ɱ˶ħǵʹһĺӣֱӾͱлˣÿ켸ɱģΧתҿ֮ǰ͵͵ĲһЩƸҲͲȱԣȱȣһ׷ӣƽĸȻˣȻڹȥֻһСӵģʱҲͶĿ⣬ǰ׹Ͳں
ѾӵԼӣǰãӤǸӤɹõ⣬һ˱гˣֻû뵽ȷʵʱ䣬ΪģΪǰ̩ɽˣ̩ɽˣԴԼɽ֮󣬱һֱúʵȻҲԼ


601 
ϲһЩλûа취컹Щ̾ǣ׷ر϶ֻû뵽ȴΪʵ̫ˣͿ㳡֮ϣһӣҴ׹ϵװ磬ҲԲµó϶һǮˣ˱ʲôˡ
ֱӾͰӸ˹ȻӵĲӣһԼһЩǮƣȻĻͰӸɱˣȻˣѾӵĸĸеĸȫӵϣ۱ʲôҪ
˶ӦģοֻһЩǮˣ׼ȥǮ̩ɽȢʱ򣬿û뵽һؼʱ̣ȻвûõǮԸͲӽȥ׹İ
ȴûеȵڹѽǮûӾ̩ɽ˵ȥˣ֮䣬һʮִĳޣ׹ڹԣⱲζҪ̩ɽ˸ɱˣȻԼĺӱҪ֪硣
űûʲô˼ˣʱӳʵҲֻһطĻû뵽ȴһԼ֮Уչ˺ӵǶӣ˹ĺ֣ܿԼ֮ǰȫˣֻӿ쳤Ȼӳɲš
ʱԼڹҲˣʵûж룬û뵽ǲĥǸӾȻˣ̫ˣȻɱӵ֣̩ɽˣ˻ȥһֱ׷٣Ҿ죬̩ɽһֱڸתơ
˱˹ڸղŵʱ׹Ϊڹҵ̩ɽˣԱ㼱æưɣûзκ֮󣬱Ҳȥˣ˸ոû߶ã̩ɽ˱׼㵽طͷˡ
ɱԼӵˣ׹бߺˣֱӣ̩ɽˣŭϲļһ˵ԼҲͰˣΪʲôҪҵĺӸ֪ⱲӲûκҪĶôһӣȻǵϣȫˣ㣬ǾԲŹģ
ֻ̩ɽˣǾԼûʲôȻ׹ҲǷ
Ҹ㣬㲻Ҫʺӿҵͷϣ㺢ӵ¸͸ûаëǮĹϵֻʱǸǷˣûа취Ӱװ׵ĿСȥˣҲǺܵģҪ֪Ѿˣϣɱˣ˭֪ǵãҡ
Щ˵Ļ֮󣬳ʵڴĵģҪİ˸ŭĻʱڳ˶ᶪΪ˵ɱǿɲͨôѽ
Ҫ֪Լͼʶ˵Ҳʶ̩ɽ˵Ľ㣬ֱһ뷨Խ⼸һ֣Ȼ뷨ֱ֮ӳ˴ĺ
˵ǼˣҳְļһɱˣһӦǣǧ򡭡
û뵽ԼĽȻΪ˱Ҳϣǵ׼ԼסʱΪʱֻ̩ɽֱӳ˹һץסĲӣʱ㽫ĽĲӸŤˣݺݵˤڵϣֻһ̯Ѫ˳
ʱ̩ɽ˲Ŷ񶾵˵ļһ̩ɽ˻ңҲҲԼʲôݣҶߺģѾ˳ڰҲһŮָֻܹŵģҪǶ̧١
ȻԼӣһֱּ̫ˣЩΣղҿԼѵļʱȻĻ֪˻ᷢʲôĳͻʱԼ˴Ĳɿ˵ĻһԼ
ΪҪһ磬ﻢģԼĽӱˣ統Ȼȥ𣬿ǿ˿̩ɽЩٿ̩ɽˣǸ񶾵۾µȴֻ˺
ȴʱʱĳų߿¾ӣļһͲ̫ˣϽͻʱԼҲԽѳһ򾡣
ֻ̩ɽվм䣬Ȼˣ˵һЩ˵һӦþɵͷĿɣȻĻǺܺð죬ҸѡһңһǸϹʱͿǵ汾ˣ
˻䣬ֻʮĵ̩ܵɽ˵ǰȻȻͨһ¹ڵϡ
ղѾʶˣվߣϣԲޱԺһЧģ˵̩ɽˣ
û뵽һڱǰļһȻڱǰһ͹һһͽᣬҪ֪ԼĽ㣬ǿǸոϹ
ҸղŵⷬóθһתԼûмˣȻΪԼȫȻԼϣȻˣȻһѾѡ̩ɽˣôԼҲӦվöУʹ׹ڹġ
ΪԼ˵Ĺ֮ҲǸСģͦģ˵˼Ȼڰ˫ɷѾͷ棬ˣôӦø˼һᣬȻҲԼˣӦ޷̩ɽ˵ֿ
ȴҲ˵׼Լ̩ɽ˵ʤ㲻󣬿ǼֻĻǿ绢ˣֻ֪룿Ա㼱æ˵ǰȻص˵ͷǸӰͽģǲڵġ
֪λǰΪ֮ǰǺӵ£رʹ̩ɽˣΪǵеرģҲϷֻüȻ˶Ѿ˽ˣôӦðȴʱǣҾ˰ˣǸɰĺӱ𣡡
ȻǴһӾץסص㣬ֱӽ˵ĸݺݵľסΪһӣڹ׹ͷ·Ǳ˭˩סһ㡣
׹ʹĵͷȻų˵˵Сӣ˵̫ˣ֪𣿵ǸӴǰʱһ㣬ҵʱ޲ҪͷӸ˺顭
׹Ļ֮󣬳ҲˣľԼζһҪ̩ɽ˸򵹣ȻĻԼҪڰ˫ɷһˡ
̩ɽˣ˵İͽԼرĸˣЦŵͷҪ֪ԼȻǰҲɵϴ󣬿ǱϾ궼ѾôˣȻҲͲЩеûģ˵ˣиһԸԼԺԼҲԺùһ㡣
Ϊո߽ʱѾ˵ˣư翪ģţ̩ɽ֮ǰҲ˵СܣԼͲ֮ǰˣû뵽ԼȻøҵһСѡ
Цŵ˵ͷ̩ɽ˲ԴȻ˵ֻҪԹҵĻôҾͲҪЩСǣĺˣҲǰǸˣϲɱ䣬ϾҲһȵ


602 ɲ
ʵϼһһϣ֪ʲô飿Դ֮ȻرݣҲɱˣջϲκ֪ʬ𼣣ñˡ
¶رĺЦһرɱ̩ɽˣȻᣬԼɱ˸񣬻ϼһйذɣܻǲ֪⵽ʲô顣
˵̩ɽԸԼΪ̩ɽ˵£бˣϽʹĵͷȻſĳ˵㻹ǹԹ־ܰɣظղҲǿˣ̩ɽ˵ǿɲһܹ࿹ģҪھԼҿͷȻҵǸһ̩ɽһ
һûͦģʱ̩ɽ˺֮ǣû뵽ת֮ͳϼһ߹ھȻٻ̩ɽ˵Լа塣
ֻûȳ֣ڹȴ·һֻһֱӷɴܵߣû뵽ٶȼֱһ㡣
һͰˣû뵽ȴ̩ɽȺݺݵظһ£ֱӰڹƵ׹ߡ
ֻ̩ɽԼĺӣȻЦţ˵ڹٶȣǼֱЩһ㣬Ҳϴŵİˣʹһ򣬲ҲֱԭΣǻǹԹ־ܰɣҿĹҲǲԺңΪҵһǰǱ˾һʹʱһͳν֮ǰǵǸţټҵţأЩȫŵƨʱֱôͰڵˡ
û뵽̩ɽˣ˵ͦõģ˵ʲôԺҲȥǣ浽ϵ飬ڵϵ飬û뵽Ŷ೤ʱ䣿Ȼٴȥͳһڵ
ȻˣлЩĵģϾڰ˫ɷҲǴڵ߳ģһı̩ɽ˸˵ˣʱϼһȥΪʱɾͲʰˡ
ֻû뵽׹ȴȿˣֱָ̩ɽ˾ʹҪϼһȻͳǣ߹ԣҲڵ飬㣬ҲټǣɱǵĺӣøһҪھֱԲõĻҲʡ飬ȻҲ֪ǸʲôϼһΪһҲԲŹġ
˵ĲǱˣ磬ղĻİڰ˫ɷŭˡ
ôϣ̩ɽεĴ˴Լɫĺ룬Ȼ̾ϢȻôϧǾͱˣҽ졭
˵ֱӽԼǸת˱˹Ҳǳصģֱӭȥ̩ɽ˶Դʱ̩ɽ˿ȥȷʵرĸǿڰ˫ɷϾҲǳصģֻ˴ûڵأưеĶȫڵϣҲʮ۵￴š
ϾôļҵԼ˺öŻģڵãĶҪðˣôƯһˮĵƣ̩ɽһӣֱӱ˷ĩԱЩʮָߵƣһЩԼרŽĽڸߵơ
ȴ׹һźݺݵߣһЩʵĴ֭ҺǰʹˣһǸżӣȴֻˣҲûԼĿģΪ˰ȻĻԺһһԼСЬģԱߵСҲ
ϣҪˣ鷢ٴյĿĻǰʵС֮ôʹ磬Ϊһ飬ԭСĵһֵܽӣӸСĵĹϵرĺãСĸųǰ֮ǰӸС˵һ顣
ǰСĸˣΪģΪӵţѾ޸ӣҲرӵźܿͻˣСӿٵĵû뵽мȷʵһôҲ벻飬ʱӴԼŵȥ
û뵽·ȴ˵ȥЩƵ磬翴ӵƯȻֱҪӵŴߣӵȻǲӦģûа취ȻֱЩСܰӰڵϡ
žһȭߣӵӷʲô飬ԾʹӦҪ󣬽û뵽ϣֱӰӵŸǿˣҲͰˣû뵽ӵ̫ǿոձųʱ
ȻֱͶԾˣĴϯȻҪôȻҲ׵ģ˵ҪСһʰһ㼱æԼĺֵܣҲСģϣСĿԼ˱ͦõġ
ΪԼĺֵܣСȻǲģӵСҲǼģǾϺټرõŮû뵽ͱԸˡ
ȷʵ֮ǰ̩ɽ˵ģһĹȻڰ˫ɷ֮ϣû֮ڰ˫ɷЩŲסˣ֮󣬱ֱӳ˹ȥ
Ҫ֪ԼѾվ˵ߣôҲҪԼվӣȻĻʱ̩ɽ˸Ӯȡʤ½Ĳ״ľͲԼ˵ˡ
ʵҲף̩ɽʤĻһԼ뿪ǰĺڰ˫ɷҲǾûл·ģˣʧˣҲԲϣΪҪģֻǽǮһԼ
̩ɽ֮ǰںڵϻôãԼţǾԲκµģ뵽֮󣬳ֱӳ˹ȥ˵Լȷʵ̩ɽеһƴջЩѹΪϼһΪ̫ܵá
û뵽ľȻôǿѾڰ˫ɷôãҺڰ˫ɷѾദˣԼ໥ֵʱ򣬾ȻҲ·磬Ǵƽ֣һӷ̩ɽЩˣôˣƽʱһֱѧҲôһʲôΪ֪ܡ
û뵽Сӣ֮ǰԤĻҪȻûпԽҵȤЩ򵽵Ǹ˭ѧģΪʲô֮ǰûмĹ򣡡
ֻ̩ɽ˽ȺݺݵĳųˤȴһԾֱһȥˣ̩ɽ˲żæѯʹˣϣõ𰸡
֪ϼһֻԼעȻٶԼȻһԼ֮ǰѾϹĵˣȻͬһطˤΣȻҲͲ̩ɽˡ
ߵ׹ȴǴЦû뵽ϼһôˣȻһСӣ뻹ǿЦˣҲһе˶֪֪̩ɽˣû֮ǰ˵ô
ⷬǰ̩ɽ˸ŭˣҪ֪϶һرİӣôܻһ˵˵˱ֱӽȳ˹ȥ
ҿֱӳȥ׹קһԣð׹ûбһ


603 
翴̩ɽ˵ʱţЩһǲ֪ȻҸ̩ɽ˶ԿҪ֪ԼҲ˵̩ɽ˵һЩ飬һԴʱһͷ׷ر֣ҲΪЩ顣
˶ر̩ɽˣΪһСȫǰ׷ü˿˾;رĿֲԵʱЩĴȫߥ̩ɽ˵ĸĸһϳȥҪȥˣʱһЩõֻ
ϾʱȫһЩ⽨ţЩ˶Ϊ﷢Ĳ飬ȫΪ̩ɽģѽ
ȻˣЩ飬̩ɽҲ˵һ̩ɽ˾ãĸĸԲΪЩ˵ĻԼԼȴǴشȴ̩ɽ˺Щһ
ǵþһ죬ֻԼĸһɫҩȻԼרŴǸ鵤ҩֻҪ֮󣬵ʱͷͻˡ
˵Щ֮ĸ׵ȻҩطϣЩ뿪ˣҪ֪̩ɽֲǸɵӣô֪ܲĸƭԼĸÿѵʱ֮жһЩ˼
ɫҩ̩ɽ˶ʱЦЦ֮УȴǴһЩˮΪǿЦãû뵽Ϊһͷ׷Լĸ׶ƲԼҪԼ˱һŭֱ֮뿪ңû뵽̩ɽҪϱʱ
ȴһһʲôɽˣɽˣرĸһ￪һۣҪ֪ɽ֣ʱ̩ɽȷʵһͻһֻɫͻ׼̩ɽ˸ɵȴû뵽ɽֱӳ˳һƱϻĴԱߵʯϣֱϺͿһѪȥˡ
ԼִĻ̩ɽ˻ΪԼ˴˵еˣʱ̩ɽҲ˹ȥԼѹʱ򣬱㿴ɽʮֺõչԼһϸԼ׼һЩķˣʱ̫ѾˣҲ˲࣬㼱æԴԱߵɽ˿ˡ
ҲǺܿģʵΪʲôᵽɽʱ򣬶ʱ̩ɽ˱ǰԼȫɽˣ˵ɽҲرͬ飬Ӧ˰̩ɽΪԼͽܣԺɽԼаɣ
ǰ̩ɽ˸˻ˣҪ֪Լһֱѧϰ书ѧϰĿȴرĲֻΪ˱Ϊ˴֮ǰЦԼЩˣԼȴЩ뷨ȫɽ˲ûпֻԼĹȫ̩ɽˡ
ֻû뵽Լֺĵʦ̩ɽ˾Ȼ͵ɽ˵书ؼֱӴܳһصԼĴׯԼ׸ĸ׵ʱ̩ɽ˰ԼеߺȫйȻԼĸĸɱˡ
ְѴȫɱˣǲ֪ΪʲôеˣԼ淴ǸӵĲʹ죬ԼĸԼʱǸʱ̣̩ɽ˵·Ϳһ㣬һ뵽ĸҪǸҩԼʱıߺˣôܹôݶĸĸŮд
ҲӦӣ˵˾ΪԼһͷ׷һ˫ɫüëҪԼʲôĵԼĲȻˣеǹɷߺޣ̩ɽ˱ϣҲϣǳЦ̩ɽ˵ļһȫ˿ڣһﻹһɡ
ҲǺڵϵһɰɣȻԽԽ˾ۼһӰ̩ɽ˵ŸˣҶ֪ôһˣ¶ǰɫģҹرĸǿȻˣ̩ɽˣ֪ܵ˵Ƴ硣
żɣȴΪһɱ¾̫࣬Թ֮̾ȫˣûа취ɸɢˣû뵽ȻܹһĿҺԺźһرԺԼǸͷӵԼȻһ㶼Թޡ
ڰ˫ɷһߣȷʵѾоѹʱڳĲ£ϡ
ʲôôӲƴȥĲһĶ֣˵Сӣʵǲ˼ˣҲǣ˽ʵ鱾ûйϵģɣϽֵ뿪Ͼֿܹһʱ䣬ܵԽԶԽãҪٱϼһץȻĻ
ֻ׹һ߳ǵ˵һ׼óѣϾܾŰ޹˸ЩԵġ
ǴǸӳ֮󣬾Ҳû£ֻΪԼ˺ӣҪúõӣû뵽ȴ˺ˣΪԼ̫࣬˱룬ҲҪɱˡ
ԱߵĺڹԼŵĻ֮ҲǼæʹĵͷϣϿ뿪
֪ΪԼãǳԲֱߵģΪԼһˣôܻὫ˼ҸԼһѣȻǸոսһϵԼȴһʼյˣȻѡ̩ɽˣԼѡڰ˫ɷô۽Ρ
Լһȥ˵̩ɽȷʵǸöԼܹĽʲôˣԼиˣҪϵĻڵϣҪһȷѪˣǸ˵ĶԹΪЩһǵļ룬Ѿ
ڵϵĶԹˣԼζǲ˳ģ˵˾ǽԼˣպܹ黹ǻģȻĻֱƣҪһսģԼܹӮõĻǷǶһЩףҪ֪̩ɽ˵Ŀ¡
Լղſһɱ¾Ȼ㲻֪ڸģڰ˫ɷѾȫ
ԼͳҩȻλһӣ˵֪λǺģѾزλߣǾԲܵģ̩ɽˣȻѡع飬һǻһıǾԲ鷢ģ˵ˣߵĻܹӵȥأ
̩ɽ˿һﱻԼӣʱرĽֻסԼȣʮֽԵõ˵Ǵ˵֮еĺڰ˫ɷҿҲˣЩһǸˣ㱾ҲҸԿҿǲǻѡԲðɣҲʡҵ˫֣
˵Щ֮󣬱ֱһƨԱߵϣȻִУոոͷõ˹˺һڡ
ǰڰ˫ɷŭˣ׼ʱ򣬿û뵽ȴ
ȻλѾˣǽͽҰɣǷĺˣһǵĺӱģϼһѪծѪ
˵Щ֮󣬱źСİ˰֣ȻԼϴʲô˼Сһ㼱æ֮ǰǰѷı˳УԭԼѱһֱûʹãǾԼⱲӶòˣΪֻҪʡ


604 
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ϻȻ԰Ԫ룬Կ֪ѱķĳ̶ȣԼûѡˣֻܹʹѵ౦ȻˣȻûбӮĿܣҲһҪ̩ɽ˾һս¸ԼҲΣЩˣڳ˿ѱʱ
ȫסˣ̩ɽˣҪ֪ѱǿԼ׷ѰõģֻɽԼȴǴû
û뵽ĺöȻ䵽СһǺ޲øϿȻռΪУĻԼǿǸһ¥
Ȼˣڰ˫ɷѱʱҲЩԾҪ֪ⵤ౦ǿģ˵ʼʵʱΪѰҲҩԾĵˣЩɽȥѰҩǱϾֶڵģȷʵһȵ˵ġ
һһɽĵط﷢һʮֵֵ֣ʱǴ¶ȣֻҪˮõ棬ֱӻðһʱȵ˾;ú֣Ǹʲôֶ˱㽫ڴ֮ϡ
û뵽󴬾Ȼ㶼ˣҿһð취ŵˮ֮УһֱţȻԭ׼׸ʼʵʱ򣬿û뵽عѾˣ˵ôʱ򣬱׼ȥû뵽ȵͰһѱֽ౦
ᱻߣϾɽһֱЧʼʵģ˱ֱӽѱԼĶУ𺣣ѵ౦Ҳûгϣû뵽գôͳУѵһĺñ
ǵõһںţõ౦ߣɵ¡
Ǵ֮󣬺˱һֱѰѱ䣬ڤڤ֮Уȴѱ䵽˳У˾⡣
СӣôѱأҪ֪ϵıϿңһһ
̩ɽ˿ôñʱֱӰǲסˣ׼ȥû뵽ȴѱָҿȥĿ죬ȴһ
ŵ磬ʱסˣô£֮ǰ̩ɽ˴Ϸ𣿿Ϊʲôôһѱ̩֮ɽ˷·ǿ־ӣֱӲҸ໥Կѵѱʲô֮
̩ɽ˿Լӣʱ㲪ȻŭֱԼȣԴĻűȴǼӾͰȸˣû뵽ȴҲǲһѱ
ڰ˫ɷٴһ
ϼһʲôʱ򣬰Ȫ͵ˡ
Ҫ֪ȪҲһѾýȻϼһصҲǣϾǿǲģϼһ춼ŵĻصʱһᱻ˶ϵģ˵͵϶еȫʱͷǿľǻˡ
˵ڵϣôò˵ͷǸģȻ֪ѱֲ֮ǰԼȸ򵽵ʱ򣬶ʱ;ãһˣѱ໥ֿܹһ˵ģ˵Ҫܵ˺
ͻȻϼһóȪҲǶʱˡ
˵Сӣѵ౦ͷҲȪʲôһ԰ɣ˭ĸӵ
˵仰̩֮ɽ˾͸Դѱڿжʱžžģм仹һɵʱڳ˶ˣȻ֮ǰڰ˫ɷҲ˵ѱȴû˵ܹһѣѾǺܾˡ
û뵽ѱȫˣңȻѱԿǴûпģ˴Ҳǻȣڲ֮У̩ɽ˵ϣǶǲһЩ˺۵ģȻ˵ĹǺܸǿҪ֪ѱǿǲ˵ģҲ֪ΪʲôѪ֮󣬷·ѱ͸ӵķˡ
ǳѵ౦ǱһϲѪı˵ǸȵˣֱӰѱΪԼеĶңȻԼĻȫѱ֮УȻ鲢ʵڵģǴжף֮ô˵϶ѱ֮
˵ˣ͹ǿټ̩ɽҲǸߣ˷֮ײȻЩ˶ڵĳȫҲò˵ȴرڴΪ˵ĶԴ̫ˣȵݵЩƬҪÿû뵽˴ûȵʱȴ֪ĸҪľȻֱӱ˾
쾹Ȼϵ̩ɽеǰȪʱˣԭϼһǰѱ͵ˣȻĻͲҪԼˣγԱҪмһȻһŮ죬ֽСȽģԭŮǸոյģǰһѧУѧϰģһʵϰɣû뵽Ȼӵôشİûа취
ֻøˣϼһһȪʱ򣬶ʱϾԼǸոģȻǰͲ쵼ǰԺúõ¶һ£ĻԼԺ;Ҳߵһ㣬СѾͷƬǲ֪أǸ͸㲻̩ɽжȻֱһ˹ȥ
û뵽ûȵ̩ɽǰʱ򣬾ͱݺݵƵһˣɲ̩ɽɱ޹ⷴǰСȽЩ˵ô£ΪʲôҪԼԼûʲô
һͷ赶ŪǹˣѵԼõһһӣܹһշҪ֪ԼھѧԺʱǿһֱõԸ˵ģԼҲһЩ֣ȻֻһЩȭȰˣЩ˵ȣôᲢأһȷʵ֪һС
ΪǳҪԼȻҲͲֱܳӳ嵽̫˵ǰõͷӵһӣǸԿģû뵽ͻȻôһֱӸһ£ǰ̩ɽ˸˶ʱһߣֱӰС˸ߵԱߵǸɳϣҿиɳ
ȻĻСѾ߳ˣӿСȽ֪ˣֲóԼǰأԭ϶Ųôû뵽ȻôСһ˱ľһԱ߿ţȴȻų׼ʱֱӹȥϼһŪ


605 
ΪСȽǸһӣ̩ɽ˵ĶԻˣûǰô죬ԳʱռϷ磬ЩƲסˣʱˣҪСѾͷԼѾʰˡ
뵽֮Ҳ˲ֱӳ嵽С˵ߣȻһסСվĲӽְѱСȽĲϣȻԱߵ˴ĺҪ֪ԼȻܹԿôͿԽʡ
ϿŮҷˣҪǸ˵Ļ͸ҹƽʲô£㻹𾴣Ҳ𣿡
ϼһͻȻһСѾͷвʱЩ֪ˣϾ϶˺޹ˡ
û뵽Щ̩֮ɽ˾ǴЦݺݵĵСȽһۣȻ˵ҪСѾͷظղҲװ׵·磬СѾͷҪܵӦҪ֪ڱʱ򣬾Բκ˲ֵģô֪ġ
Щ֮󣬿ǰСȽŻˣҪ֪ԼҲ֮Լֻˣû뵽Ȼôһħ
˵λүүͷҰɣҵĴҲӦģҲ֪ôҪ֪Ļҿ϶ѽҵĴҪȻúõϢһ£ȻϿҷ˰ɣҲֻ͵ģҪ֪ҿǸոմӴѧҵЩһϲͨĿû뵽һξô󰸼Ҫ֪ôҶҳġ
û뵽СѾͷƬӵͦ˵ģ̩ɽ˿Ƿˡ
ϵıٴαƽСѾͷȻû˵ѾͷƬӸұĳ죬ٸҶ˵һĻֱӰͷ㿳㻹ҲôţղҪĻҲԲᱻһܣⶼǰ͡
ʵֻеԭ֮һ̩ɽˣϾʹˣֱЩˣСŮûĹϵֻǹҳԭˣȻɱȻ¶˵ģ԰еء
ȫƵСŮϣûа취ȻѾʣǲ֪ˣǾӣҲԲܷһߣһǸ磬ӸղŵʱһֱںţҶһ£ΪһµǸˡ
ʱͻ·һ̩ɽ˴Ӧ磬Ϊ̩ɽ˵£ǱϾϼһ仯޳ҲǸ㲻׵ģԻʵʵĲõģʵ˵ʵʱСŮȥʱڳȫסˣò˵еΪСŮľеԺ
Ҫ֪ôһСѾͷƬӣȻҸǿԿ˵һ⣬ʵЩʱֻԼԼסˣʵûô£ղСŮӣҲǸ̩ɽһҪƽ˵Ļ¾ǲҵģʱʱҲҪ˼ȻĻֻϡ
ͣܹǰǣСѾͷƬȷʵΣգҪ֪ȪǿǸ౦һͷһСģСѾͷĲӿ¾ҪֱӶϵˡ
˵Ϲʲô˼ǰǿϵϴôھȻΪһŮӣѵıѾ̶ֳ𣿻ǿ߳㣬ҪĻĿ㣡
̩ɽˣĻСѾͷԺڰ˫ɷ㼱æ̩ɽ˹⼤
̩ɽʲôǰûȻһڶԼʹü̩ɽ˲ŭЦ˵ϻˣô£ҵ飬ҪҪλҲҵ飬ҲǣҪСѾͷƬӻĻܼ򵥣ǰ౦ɱȻٰѱңСԺͺøһ졭
Щڳȫסˣû뵽̩ɽˣȻҪԼЩֵ֣ΪʲôϼһҪˣҪ֪ϼһ˵вҲϼһﵽôģ
Ǿʱ׹ȴǳ˹ȥ౦׼Բõʱû뵽ȴˣҪ֪֮ǰʹӦˣζܵ˺ģһҪ˰̩ɽ˸ʰѵҪĿ𣿻˵ԷСѾͷǳȴԾ
Ͼÿһ˵ر󣬵˵Լϧֻÿ˶Լŵɣƾʲô˫ȥƻı˵Գǲ׹ɱģͻȻ֮䣬ȴ֣СѾͷ֮У͵͵Ĳһذףʱˡ
Լ͹СѾͷСѾͷͻȻ¶֮еֵӣҲʵóһûԼô򵥣ǰСѾͷ¾ԲʲôСȽʲôոյʵϰһСŮ
϶һõһˣֻ²˵ݵ˭ǳȥԼԺ֮ȴֻǳһһǱǵʱ̻̩ɽ˵ǸˣҲǸɽˣ
ȻӣҲ֪룬ȴͻȻСȽҲǸСѾͷƬӣֱӴԼͳһذף̩ɽ˵˹ȥֳЩѨλ̴ȥԭ̴ĵطǱĵطǽһ˵书ϵЩѨλ˵ĻǸӡ֤˳뷨̩ⷴɽЩɻ
еǸȪʱϣᣬСȽȪһᵽԱ߾ԱУԱᣬ㼱æѱյǸصĺҲ֣С˰˵ֻһոСѾͷƬӣôôǿĹأǵԱ󷽵ʱ
ȴǿˣΪʲôȴȻһСȽСѾͷѾεȥӦþڸղűϼһߵڵϵʱһεģѵ˵ǰŮСȽͻȻ֮䣬СȽȴǳ̩ɽЦ˲ϵǸٵ廭Ҳ
ԭһǸɽˣֻ͵͵һƤĤˣԲܹαװһˣڸղСȽҲǸСŮεڵϵʱ򣬶ɽˣðСѾͷὫԼͽе书ȫϳˣֻͨһ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҪϳҵ书ʱЩ̻ҵģڣΪʲôҪջȥҵʲôϵˣԲңҶԲϵˣЩôԴҵģҵĸĸҲȫǸӡ
Լʦ̩ɽˣʱ
û뵽ɽˣȴߵ̩ɽ˵ǰԼͽܵļȻ˵ʵû˱㣬ҲûκεĴ󣬵ȴΪᣬԲŻһӵֲбҪ֪ĸ׸ģǶҩȥˣȷʵĸ׵ȥΪһҩϣ֮Խͷڡ
Щȷʵ̩ɽΪ֮𾪣ô˵ĻԼΪТӣȻɱԼĸĸһ˺ôˡ
Ҫɱģȴɽ˸ֹˣ֪ܸĪɣ㻹ǸһصɽȥɣĲʺ㡣


606 ֮
ɽ˵Ļ̩ɽ֪Լʦ˵ȷʵܹطΪЩ˵ģҪ֪Լ֮ǰԼĸȻֽ˸ɱˣ˵Щ飬̩ɽرİա
ûа취ûҩģ˵ˣԼҲһаˣֻĴ֮ҲһһıԼΪĸԼҪԼˣҪԼû뵽鲢ģԭĸ׸Լȵҩ
ȷʵĸȥģĸֻԼĺӻָ֮ǰһѰģû뵽ԼȴΪĸҪԼɱˣ뵽̩֮ɽ˱ʹ飬ԼĸĸʲôǶΪԼãԼڲ׹ԭûĸĸֻĺӡ
ʦⶼҵĴΪʲôҾȻԼĸĸҪ֪ҵĸĸûĺ޲ɱͲҪˣûȥµ˾Ȫ֮£ҶҸĸҡ
һڳ˶Ǻ𺳣û뵽̩ɽˣȻʱΪĳԣŻ˺ڵ·ҲǾ˺ˣԺһҪúõĿһ£ԼĸĸԶԼġ
ɽεҡҡͷȻŰοԼͽܣ˵κ˶дȷʵĸĸţĸĸǾȪ֪Ļ϶ҲģΪµĸĸΪԼĺӺѽ㲻Ҫٶ˵ˣϿһȥɣ
˵㳯ߵЩе룬Ŵ̩ɽȥˡ
˵ȷʵó𺳣ʵû뵽ôһΰˣȻôĹ£룬ȷʵҲģˣҲһͨ˰ˣ᷸
Ϊ̩ɽ˰Լĸĸɱˣ֪Լ˸ĸǶôܣ²һܹģȻˣʵԼҲֹˣʱҲرĺڣûҩģҪ־ֻܹԼʱʵ̫ԡ
ңʵ̫ЩԼֵˣöԲЩˣЩ˺֮УѵΪԼ뷨ˣԾҪԼϵ뷨ǿмӵ˵ϣǾԲܣҲԲԵģ̩ɽ˱ץߵʱǰһ˶ʱˣǱˣ硣
籾ΪԼôǰĳڰ˫ɷ޷Լô
񵹺ˣ̩ɽ˾Ȼֱ֪ԼȻɽ뿪ˡ
ô˵ĻԼͱĸ»ʲôܹԼ뵽֮
ǰʱ͵͵ȥȴۼֿСĸסҪ֪ԼǸѵŵʱͱ޸̣ˣôܻ޾װ״أ
ӦԼ߿ҲǲӦģ˵˵ʱѾ˵ˣζһȥ
ΪĶΪһУȨΪֻаˡ
ԺŻбϣȻܹҲҪһЩУɱҲǸֵʱʵ뵽ôһ죿
ֻû뵽һô磬ɻЩˣҲڰ˫ɷǰʲô̩ɽˡ
һȻߣ㣬䵽ǵͲҪŻȥˣǰЩ£㻹ȥ𣿡
ֻСߵǰͳԼǹָȻ
Ϊó⣬ΪСķ·һʲôһȻԼҪ磬Ϊʲô
Ա㼱æߵǰȻһСġ
ԼϴôԼСĵȻˣ֪ϴп϶ʵģ˾Ͱеȫ˵˳
ǲ֪һﵱҺѵŸǿˣҺѵǸ̫ǿȻֱͶԾˣ˵ɶˣôܹȥѵҲѾףкӵŮˣû뵽Ҫ衭
һ˵ţСһǹָ硣
Щ֮ʱסˣû뵽ԼǼ飬Ȼڻ˼סΪڸǹȥǸŮ˲ֱܹˣֻܹԼʵҲһŮ˰ˣֻû뵽Ůʵ̫ǿˣȻֱˣԼҲûа취
ƱͲܹңҪ֪ǸŮԼҪȥĻôܻҪ֪ҲֻŮ˸Ūһ£û뵽ᷢ飡
ЩǰԱߵŭˣҪ֪ЩŮ˱ϵߣǰ˾ȻŮ˻УҲĺӣȻͰŮ˸ǿ˽ĻǾͱԼˣ˳ֱ౦˹ȥ
ţһĸ첲ʹĻһֻĸ첲ֱӾͶһĿӡ
һѪԱߵЩСǱһӵϣǸ޷ֿЩСǱȫڵϡ
ȻˣֻɱˣΪЩһֻǰЩһ˰ˣǰ磬ԼЩСȫˣҲû˱Լƴˡ
˱ֱ˹ͳԼϵɵ׼ɱû뵽ȴػһеĵ౦
ʱеɵ㱻г룬ֱסˣ׼ߵʱȴ౦ʹ˹ȥûһֱӺ󱳱˺һӡ
λǿĵطһѪֱڵϣʱ߹ȥ
Ľ౦һദ˳Ȼ΢һӣȻЩǿ֮ȻǲܹģԾȥ
û뵽ǰȴһӣʱһַĩԭЩĩֻһЩ˶ʱҩ
ԣֱ뿪ˣڳ뿪ʱûпʵһ˫۾ڿԼԭ˫۾ǱˣһŻ粢ϴ
һŻ֣Żϴһ֣к˵ڵҲбµģǿɱһҼʮˣš
ΪĴֱӶ㵽һ£û뵽µĵطһ˰һˡ
ȴǲ֪ͼǰ˵ǸỤ̊ˣΪˣû뵽ȵصУһ֣ʲôܡ
Ҫ֪ҲܣҲǲˣԴǸ˼Ҹջ֮󣬱Ҳû˼׷Լһİɡ
ҽһ˾˾ȻİˣҲɵϴ
ҲǶ³˾ǸôĹ˾ȻֻһĹ˾ǾΪյϢ̫ˡ
ԣʱһʱ֮䷴кܶǮƴоֱΪʮǮˡ
ȻŲǸʲô˹ʲôģ϶Ѽŵ³ܣź֪ġ


607 ı
ȷʵСܣߵռϣҪ֪Ϣǿÿ춼Ҫȥ㣬ÿ춼Ҫȥծġ
Ϊ˾Ժ֪ǳ˶ٵûа취ĺͲ֮ǰĺˡ
Ҫ֪ڵĺֶϰеǮҪǮܹõĳǮˣֻҪóǮܹƽ顣
ں˵Ͳ飬жٱˣֱȥɱģϾΪԲŻᵼˣҲһ;ҲûܵģĹ˾ԽԽҪ׼ˡ
ղŵǸһԭһ֣һһŮˣֽģܵķԸ
һֱưԵף絽׻᲻ѵ˵û뵽ȻǰΣ㼱æص
ʱܣԼİ칫һС飬ʱ򣬱㼱æС·棬СȥҪ֪ǿϲġ
˵ǧҪ֣Ҫ֪һﹴңûа취Ҳ֪ģĳãһʱ֮䷴ǡ
û뵽һ³ȻҪԼС˵ЩԱߵЩøЦ
Ȼˣ򲢲ЩԱߵϣȻųǰ˵ϰķԸưԵףû뵽ȴǱ˸ɱˡ
Щһ˵ڣʱǰֱӴԼǸɳվҪ֪ʲôˣ
ԼǰҲһǵ˭ȻôĵӣȻҰɱˡ
ȻˣҲ֪ģԼһֱһֵܣ羹Ȼ⵽⡣
ôԼԲƽ޹ʵʧģΪһһֱǺ綼һҪţ뵽֮бһЩ׺ݡ
ζһҪ֮Է˵ĺʲô֮ԷҪ˰Ҳˡ
ȻˣȫΪʱŻԭʱһɱ˵Ļһֽɳһˡ
ȻɳһֱܵߣֻܻԼˣҲûиϵǱϾ໥ֵܡ
ܶҲرչˣ˵ĺչʵֻҪһһΪͲӲʱٰԼƳҪ֪ǰһ
ҲرԼԼǸӷˣһ˾Ĵϰ壬Ϊ˾Ĵϰ壬ôܻԼ˵ԼǸɱ˷ĻʵЩ̫ˣȻˣʵԼҲԼһɱ˷
ʱԽ飬ԽĨɱһѵ飬֪ȫͶס
һΪ籾죬˵ԼͻȻ֡
ĻһڵϵΧԼԼóȻ֣ɳȴͲͬˣɳֻԼߵһСܡ
ҲһһȻͦӲģܹҲһԼϳû뵽һһԼ֮󣬵ʱԼһСʵҲûʲô˵ġ
һȴǰֺٰãѾΪԼ㣬˵ӾͿ֪Լõʲô
ܱʮֵĸжͲԼСܸɱˣһֱԵ֮СڻԼߣŵһܾ
û뵽ôȻᱻ˸ɱˣȻǺȤҸķϣұòһţ˭֪ǸһûаѵǷŸյ
ֻһ˵ţһʮֵǵԼǸϡ
ԱߵѾ֪ɣԼ³ôΣ߹һϰϡ
ҪǻƽʱĻܿ϶ϲ񣬿飬ܹ黹ǻϲġ
ȴЦ֣ܵȻŰο˵ܼ򵥣Ȼһɱˡ
ôڶ³ĳǻ׾ٵ飬Ҫ֪ؽϣǶ³ˣǱҪ
Ҫ֪Ů˿ɲΣԭܣʱȷʵ˲顣
տʼ˾ʱʱرѣΪرľ֣һлڵĹ˾˾ϰڡ
һرѲĸһֺãҪһһЩԼ
û뵽һȴֱԼҪ󣬶һԼǰֳһƲϵӡ
󱻱Ƶʵûа취ˣҲֱӸڷҽһҹڷߵϣֱӰڸˣҪЮڵļóǧȻĻһ͵
ǽǮҪҲȲҪڵļȷʵһЩǮܿЩǮ֮϶ر˵ģǺתһ룬鲻ܹӰװ׷Źˡ
ΪʱôԼģЩһˣܺ޲ֱӰڸɱ˲ǣ룬ֱܱӣԼͷ׸ժˣڵǰ
ڿԼˣҲܵʱ򣬶ʱĿʼ֣һ˵ܸҶԼôĻʱֱܵĹ˾ʧ
û뵽زˣ
һȻƨֱܵһȻ̿յͨͨġ
ֱӱŵһϣʱھһرӡӣѪֱ
ʱȴǰԼĿӸˣžһͷһ򣬿ûа취ȴֻţųȥ֮ԶԸܵġ
û뵽ԼûлųȥֱܾӰһһȫ߾Ȼһֻꡣ
֪ЩȻЩȫˣڵյڵʬǵʱ
ʱ˹ȥû뵽ܾȻʱǩ˸֣˵ҪҵȫתԼ£ȻˣȻڵǩ֡
հѼвҵȫܣȻп϶ҲǺˣûа취˼ȷʵԼҵǩ֡
Ҫ֪ǻ˶Ļȫ䵽ܵʱܵң㲻֪˶ٱ
취ܻ֪˶ٸԼԵˣдҵĵһλ
Ļ֮ЦŵͷȻԼԼˡ
˱㼱æȺ˵ظղŵĻҲˣٶ˵ȻôĵĸңôҾ͸һȥǸɱ˸ɱǴɱǴȥֱӰЩ˸ɵҶ⣬Ҫֻһ첻ɵĻʱұֱҪ


608 װǻ
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Ϊ飬һֱرĲˬ˱һһʮִưȻҪһľƣһ
û뵽ʱȴͻȻһŮԱߴĺŮӸտʼʱͦŵһֱһȺǰǺȾƣǻǮģȷʵԼԼĸоŮһʲô£ȻĻҲġ
˵缸ǿѽҿˣԲŻᵽǵģǿɲСʧϿȭղúһȻˣȸΪˡ
˵СŮһڽһڵĺεҡҡͷڵŮӻЩ
Ҳ˲ЩϾԼưΪģ˱һһҲǺ
ľʵ̫ˣƸ͸ˮһΪԼģǾʱͻȻղϵǸŮӴĺ
κĲǱľȻǾΪֻղǼ￴ϷˣھȻֱӶһŮֶţһ׼Ů֮󣬰ŮϵԼĳϡ
ȻٽһЩȻ˳Щǿ˾ռˣǲ֪ΪʲôŮ֮ʱзܵһЩдʱԼӦð
ȻĻŮϿľͻˣΪǰ⼸ˣɲǼѣӦ˵߰˸ɣ߰˸ҪǰŮȫŪһĻŮȵڶǿɾֱӻϵġ
ȻҲףʵԼûйϵԼҲҪȥĿܻ̲סԼһ֮ģ˱ֱߵСŮǰǸקСŮֵǸˣһߵԱߡ
ţּæŮ֣ȻԼ˹ȥһۿʱŮҲֵͦģ룬һӦھԼҲû׼߹
û뵽ʱȴͻȻһþƿӵ˳ĺֱӴĹΪȵЩˣû⣬һƿӴȴóʱˣһǸһ˵һֱײԱߵɳϡ
ļһ˭ûйϵϿСѾͷǽҪ֪ҵСѾͷģҪǽٶ£ɱǲ
˵Щֻ֮еһǸˣԼĶͳһѵɵ˾ռߣЩ˲ֻЩɫǣһƽʱһЩС͵С˵һЩСΪˡ
ûֻСѾͷŵԼϣȻָСѾͷһˮԼϣ׼ȾƵʱû뵽Ǹõɵֱӳ˹ǰѵɵųȴֻм׵ĸо
˵ʵСѾͷʱѾǰȫŵþˣ׼Ӱʱȴû뵽Լֽǣסֳֵɵ˵ĸ첲Ȼݺݵһ˦˾һһڿзһȻֺݺݵˤϡ
û뵽ϾȻôԼǵһμСŮʱЩˣû뵽ȻֱӿʼֽкãҲóЩһղŻ⼸קĿ޵ģתͷӡ
Ϊ⼸ưɵĳͣǰǸưɵϰ㼱æ߹Ȱܡ
˵λô£Ҫ֪⼸λǿưɵĳͣλŮ⼸λʶģʲôˣôܹŮֱӴأ㻹ǰŮЩ˰ɣȻĻʲôϰҲǲܹ֤ġ
ʵϰĻ˵Ҳͦģǰ⼸ǲǵģųǹƥһˣԿ˵ʱЩ˷ͻȻԼưɸ١
û뵽ǰȴĽеǱβһֳưɵϰ壬˵˾䣺˵ϰ壬ͦúȵģֻǼһЩӬתתȥģʵ̫ӰζˣŮôѡŮ飬ֻҪһŮˣ˵ĲԸܣҲȥʡ
Ļ֮ŮʱͶһʮְĽ
Ȼ㼱æϰͷȻ˵˵ϰѵûĲʶǼˣҽ˧磬˧ҾԼѡ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ˧ʲôҵֽΡ
СѾͷεҡҡͷȴûлشʲô
ǰϰΪѻˣֻεߵ⼸˵ǰȻҡҡͷҲȥˣϾԼܹܵľֻôˣҸղųϰҲǼʶˣԼٶ˵վ˶УʱԼ֪̲ԼСˣʲô˶ǵģлΪá
û뵽ϰ嶼ӣǰǼ˸ˣʱֱӴ˵绰Ӧǽ
Ȼû֮һȺ˰ưɸΧסЩŵøϽȥˣưɵϰ壬ûа취Ҳֻ˹ȥֻϣЩ˿Զһ㣬ϾԼôǮưɵãҲȷʵǲ׵ġ
û뵽ЩһȻôƣǰЩˣȴֻǽ΢΢һ£˵ʲô
ȻԼѾܶ飬ôԼ϶ܵ׵ģοǰСŮôɰԼɲϣЩ˰СỤ̊ˡ
ʵղԼҲСŮϾȻһѧ֤Լûв´ĻŮӦǸ
Ϊһһ˵ưҼ˾ȻûеѰң϶ʲôΪ֪ܣ
Լϲ̽ЩܵģȻϣԼЩ֮󣬰СѾͷͻؼңȻѾͷܸѯǷԼǸӡ
ȻСŮѾԳǿһֱĿתĿţȫȫͶ뵽ϣôô˧أǳĺΣѾͷħ˻ô
ǰûйѾͷ߶ΪмҲǰ⼸һѾͲסˣԼҪǲֵĻҪ϶˯žˣôżŰỹûа취ˣ
˵ļһûǵֵǶˣȻ˵ĵӵͦģֵҪǲ⽴׻ˣҿˣҪ֪УǿһЩǸǲģǰİְ֪˭ǿɾڵг
ֻһ˳ǸΪ׵İ˵ʮֵģӦþһǸгĶˡ
治ٶȻڲͬ
ߵ˳ߣʮӵ˵˵һҪʲôʵҪԸĻҸͲҪҰָֻ̧ҪֵܼѾ㹻ˣ
˵Щ֮󣬱ֱӳЩֵ֡


609 
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˵Ҳʵ̫ˣؽϻôã֪û˵磬ҲҸɱˣ˵һẦЩһ𣿡
˵˵ŵ赭дǰЩһһ
طǿ˲֪˲˵˸ɱˣϢڵϵЩ󣬻ЩСǣ˵ϢǰһȻ˵Լɱ磬ЩСһģǺϸ룬ȴҲǰ뷨ˣΪʱ˵ɱǸһˣԲһˣһֻΪ£ԹѰɣ
˵㲻ҪŪˣΪɵǿ˵ʱɱģǿһȺĺɣ˵Щǻʶһ£ϧ˵Щ˼֮󣬾ֱ˸ʧˣھȻðɱˣ㻹˼
ֻղǸгĶӣԼеذӣȻֽסʮӵ˵
ǶСŮҲǸΣȻˡ
ʮֳݵؿųȻ˵˵ģҪ֪飬Ҳ˵ģ˵ĻǿȫĻĻǸжˣΪ粻֪˶ٵŮӣҵһͬѧʱҲһץߣһҹûлȵڶʱѾһ񲡣붼ÿ
˵Щ֮СŮȻóЩ뵹ҲǣõСѾͷ˵޼ɵģЩǧˡ
ôƲԼǰЩһˣʱֱԼɵ˹ȴĽһģʱֻų㽫⼸ɿ˹ȥЩһϱˤȥ
ֻЩɹȥ֮󣬻Ϊû뵽Щһʱ㱻һӣȫѪеֱӱڵϡ
ȻʱѾʶˣû뵽Ȼı£Ȼ˳ͲǸǵģҪȻôܸǸ̩ɽ˶ܹƽ֡
ǸСŮڳӵĳˣû뵽ȻСŮһֱرϲ͵ˣʱһСһԱߵŴۣȻųóЩ˼ˣ˵ԼҲǼŮСѾͷȷʵСһӣֲõʱЩҪߡ
û뵽Ȼôб£ֻĳ־ѾЩһصĵڵϣվĻЩһľûа취ٻȥˣҼأ
˵㼱æһƣֻЦҡҡͷҪ֪ԼǴûмôȤСŮ
ԼֱֵӱڵأԱߵЩСǵȻЩ̲סˣЩ˱ֱӽԼлǰѴ󿳵ֱӿ˹ȥǰЩһǻ֪СѾͷԼĻ϶Σյģ˱㼱æקСѾͷֳ˹ȥ
û뵽ⷴСŮʱ˵ò֪룬ȻʮּĸųӳưɣǺЩȴǽ׷Ųţ˳㼱æСѾͷһʮְȫĵطԼԼĳЩ˻ȥ
˵СѾͷˣ۷ʲô飿ǧҪܳҪ֪ЩڶѾ˼ʳĵزˣżȻͳֵĻʱЩһһŹģ
û뵽ԼزʶȻ˵ĹԼСѾͷʱЩĻϲæʹĵͷ
ȻŴӦ˵ĺˣһᰴķԸµģһҪСˣȻ书ǿǱϾô˶ԸһԼǵǹƥ
ûСѾͷĻ˵꣬ѾЩһ˹Ҫ֪Щһﻹû꣬ЩһһʶģһҪԼŸɣȻ˵ĻǾ͹ֲԼˡ
ʵ˵ʵЩ˳ʱ򣬿ʱЩ£ǱϾô˿ţЩһҲ붪Լ˲Żӡ
˵һֻҪǸŮˣǾͲٸŸˣ֪ǲֲˣ֪㹦ǿѾͷͲģϣ㻹ǰѾͷǽɣ
ֻǸгĶӳʮֵӵ˵ȻҪװһ£ԾɻǱŵЩǺ
ЩһǱӣЩȻôµĻôҪԼӶŸɣʲôô
˵ЩһƽʱѧãҪ̣˼ҵĹҸǽζҪŮߣȻĻԲκ˺СѾͷһëǶµĻԼϿȥɣҵƢѽʱסʱǸˣǿǧҪң
һ˵ųĽԼ֣ĸ°͸°죬ЩȻˣտʼʱЩȫŻˣҪ֪ǲǵģԼҲǳû취гӵѾԼˣ˭ߵˣʱһһʬΣ
Ҫ֪ƽʱЩһﶼǿгĶṩЩԵĺȵģµȻǲ뿪ˡ
뵽ղЩȴֲҶ˵ֻﻥƴţϣһͷ˳ȥʱԼҲͲôˣЩȴһֱ㣬ȴվûһȵǰģǰгĶˣЩûõļһѵԼĻ߷𣿸ղԼ˵˭ҪǲǰߵĻʱֱӰһԼ߳ȥ
˵ˣûҵķԸôҪǸ˸ҽ쿳˭ҪܹҰ쵽ˣôҺܸ˵ظǣǽ⼸µѣȫˣҾǳ飬Ҳú£ΪҵĸףǿڵгǿƸôʱ򻨵ǮˣҸ׿϶ҳµģ
ΪԼǸٵĸףһʱֱ׳Щ
˵һ˵Щ֮Щˣ˵õüµѣЩЩĿɿڴˣҪ֪ԼƽʱͲôǮģˣһﾹȻ˵ˣô϶֤ˣ˵ЩһΪСģҲһֻܹСĵؽϻˡ
˱һһﲻΣգֱӱ˹ȥ
еǰѴ󿳵Ҳֱӳ˹û뵽Ѵ󿳵ûпʱȴѾֱӽסˡ
ţ㽫ԼĽźݺݵһΪû뵽õôǸСӶʱ㹾๾гӵĽ£Ѹгӻһ
ֻһﱧгӵȣȻ㰧˵ϴҲˣǲ봦ֻһʵ̫ˣǾղ˵ģֻҪͷ˱ܹõǮ֪˵𣿡


610 
ԭһﶼΪǮԲŻôҪڳ˶Щˣû뵽гĶӾȻĴԼĿڴͳһǮȻ󽻵һС
үʲôʱ˵ȻģЩǮȥҪ˭ϵĻЩǮǵģ
һ˵ţһߴԼĶͳһѵǮڳȫЩǮסˣЩ˻ԥЩǮʱҲ˲ˣ˾ֱӳ˹ȥ
û뵽Щ˾ȻΪǮ㲻Ҫ뵹ҲȷʵǣִᣬЩΪǮԷܲЩɵģЩҪˣΪû뵽Щ˶޳ֵܵزˡ
ЩСǶΧڳߵʱ򣬳ʱһЩΪǮǾͱҲˣֱӴԼͳһѺָܳӣӦ˩İɣȴǺܳܳģҷźĹââ֮£ЩСǶʱЩۣЩСλεĿʱ򣬶ȴǽֱ˳ȥ
ʱ㳯ЩСǴ˹ЩСһʱûзӦеЩֱӵڵϣžͿ⼸һֱӶԺݺݵĴڵϣӸǰЩСǵĲֱӶˣʱοǺÿֻ˶ʱΧҲ϶˩ЩӣȥһСԱߵǸǸСŮҲǴЦԼĴûмô˼Ρ
ţֱӽеӣгĶʹ˦˹ȥЩСǶʱѩһֱӹгӵĽ£ǰгӸЩôôȻֱӲܹ໥ԿԼôǮǲС
˵Щȫ㣬㿴ЩǧҪЩҧˣȻҲǿְֵϣҾͲôˣϽЩ˸ҹ
һ˵ţһؽеѸ˦ȥڿǰгĶӣ˵ȷʵҲҪΪһϰ֣³Բһ˵仰ģǳгֻãԼǲҪֵ̫ˣԼܵӰ죬ҲͰˣԼСȴҪԺлȥģʱЩ˸СЬǿɾͲÿˡ
û뵽ʱ֮ǰԱߵǸСŮҲֱӳ˳ȻгĶӱغȻ˵λ˵öԣǾͲҪﶪˣϿЩСܹɣѵǴĻҪ밤Ļֱ˵ҲԴһ٣ŵϷ˼ҵŮӣǵҪҪҶǺأ
˵ȻЩ˹
ǰгĶӸˣô˵ԼİְֶôģڵãȻֱӱѾͷӸЦˣȻʵҲģҪѾͷǷˣ˱㼱æ׼Ѿͷ뿪
û뵽Ǹгүո뿪֮ȷʵû뵽ȴһ˵˳ǰ棬Ǳˣ꣬ԭ˵Լһ˵ư˱㼱æ˸˹Ҫû뵽պÿ˸ղŵһĻǰ;Щ뿪ֱʵղˣֻ롣
鲢ûô򵥣ô˵гҲǸٵģԼóȻֵĻǰǸгĶӣһȥԼϰ˵һЩ飬ʱ򷴵ܲ뵽֮һֱȵһ뿪ų嵽ǰҪѳ´һһǵĲʶһΪʲôҪԼǰ
Ͳʶ֪ΪʲôҪӡ
ƽʱҲǸϲû¶¶ȻˣҪݸʲô˵
˿ȷʵεؽ̣ȻЦ˵˭Ҫ˭ɱˣȻɱˣôǾҪ籨Ҫ
˵ֱӳźǼɱ֣һƣ⼸˱ˣʱ㳯˹ȴҲûе£û뵽϶ҪԼô򵥣ΪЩһҲǸղЩôöԸģǲŷԼˣֻ⼸һʱóذףԼ˹
ڲ֮ȴǱذײСĻգʱѪԱߵǸСŮҲǱǰľŻˣǺ𣿿ΪʲôᱻЩ˸أ
û뵽ǾȻģȻĻҲͲˣһҪǣȷʵɱģӦã
һ˵ţһ߽Լϵ˫ع˳ʱԸǸгӵʱ򣬲ûаͳΪûҪ
Ǽɱ֣·ľҪѳȻֱӽеЩηڣȫ˳˹е˫عֱӰЩһȴ͸סˣЩ˹ȻͦģȥӦǾרҵѵģͨỹͬ
ЩȷʵҪԼ֮ǰЩСҼȫͬģȻ˵ĻҲûбҪأ˱붼㽫е˫عЩɱǴ˹ȥЩɱȻɳûа飬˫عɱֵϡ
ֱ񱻷ĵ̽ԼһʹҲ˵һ㣬ʱЩˣǰĳܹ֮ɱˣȻһı£Ȼʱ˿ЩҲ˾裬ʱ˽ΧסҿȥҲرĵǣǵĲǱˣǰꡣ
Ϊ⼸ɱ˳ƾͰˣʱԼҲԻȥܽû뵽鿴ȥûԼô˳ԽսԽ£ĻȷʵЩѰˣԼȷʵӦܣζҪԴȥ
Ҫ֪ûԼô򵥣ʱжҪѳɱյĽԼȥȻˣΪģֻΪǰҲʵ̫ˣһ˸ͲǳĶ֡
û뵽еҪˣӵҲãһڵģҪһĻҲûǸ£ҵǺ֣ԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱأԴϴֲ֮ҲֱӳΪưɵϰ壬òƸ㲢ûʲôͻѽ
ʵһֱ㲻ףΪʲôΪʲôһܹŹ磬˵ʵȻҲرĸߵЩ꣬Ҳû̫Υ顣


611 
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˵Ļǻ˵ˣҲò㣬ȷʵûбҪٻȥһһ»ֻ˷ѿ˷ʳˣ˵
һ֮ǰһУʱһļһΪֻһͨĺڰϴƽʱΪҲͰˣȥթû뵽Сĵ׳Ļԭ磬˲ٵˣЩŮӣһЩŮѧղǸ˵ģСѾͷͬѧΪˣȥ̣ˡ
û뵽ǸСѾͷͬѧȻˣһ񲡣һ껪գûб붼رĿϧһСĵǸǶǵǸţҲǱȺ
ô˵ȻѾܳʱûи໥ͨˣһҲԼϴˣϾǰ羭ǰҲǰԼ˵һЩû
ʵѾµˣǾԲԼŵģΪһҪ֤ݡ
һ֮ԲҶ֣ΪģΪ磬һļ飬һ˽¸ģʱܲǰʯͷԼĽ˵׮Ҳرĺڣʵûʲô˵ģ˵ĻԼֻһףıǸܣǵõһúϰ壬رǮҲʮֵĿ¶ԺԺһЩǮơ
Ϊ飬ǸܣոսʶֵܣҲ꣬úϰǰ˼ͲãҹҲƶʵϣúϰԸԼһǮȻ˳ȥƴ˵һ⣬ʱǮ֮ٻúϰ壬ʵĻ⻹ǲģû뵽վȻúϰܾˣúϰ˵ǰЩǮؤҲ˵ģΪģΪ⼸нţΪʲôͲȥһȶĹúõ׬ǮأҪ߽ݾ
ԼǮҲǴƮģҲԼһһ׬ģοԼҲǲˣԲܰǮˣֱӴǰߵˣܡ
Ͳʲôöһű˾ڰҹʱ͵͵ĴˣǱ뵽úϰıúϰɱ˲˵úϰеŮȻᱡˣȻָɱˣúϰҲˣֱɥԱߵ磬ȻҲһˣֻ꣬Ļʵ̫ա
˵̫ˣ˾ûвֻæѷ磬ǱϾҲ֪ԼѾΪף뵽ˣǾи޷ѵΣȻԼףܣοԼǲ˳ۣΪһûиһ𣬰ǼỤ̊úϰһʮڣȫܻ磬Լ˿ڣҲһ׮ش󰸼Һ䶯ңҵ쵼˶ɳľ컹֮̾ģ飿ûа취ıҲ
ֻܹΪܣûбΪ绹꣬ǰװˣ˵ҲûбŪջǱѹȥǿһˣǸúϰʲôѵԼǮҲдóЩ˲УͲӦеĵ
Դܴ¼֮ǱʵʱЩ飬һԼô£ԽԽ׺ݣԴӿĹ˾֮ǸӵûԣֻҪǻϿˣϲǱܸ˼ңǱֱӰָٸ˳ȻΪЩЩˣ϶һЩĹ
Ϊ˹Щ˵ԼܣȻֱӿһ¶ĳңרһЩǧĻЩ˱ᵽԼ¶ĳЩǮȫԼҪԼЩЩϢһ·ûа취ֻܹĿȺԼˣҪ·֮нѳ
ȴֵü֪ȴû˸֨Ҫ֪ܣǿɲһܹģǽһȵĻ绹ȲһһСָͷȻˣҲԽԽǮҲԽԽ󡭡
ôãʵҲЩǵģһرѭµĶʱԼһɵ
ȴҲûа취ԭܣһᱳԼԼ˵˱㽫ŻкӣȫҲͰˣû뵽ļһȻֱӰỴ̈ˣ׻˵úãֵ޲ֻۣܣѾˣһޡ
ǸһӶԴԼȴûκεİ취ֻĿ鷢
ԼĶӵȫܼҵııѹˣҼһ͸һ㡣
˲䣬ͰȫϣȻݺݵĿرķߺޡ
ǵõ绹ŵʱٿмһ£ܣԼ˵ЩûҲΪΪԼ˵ԭܷûжԼ֣Уİ統Լĺֵܡ
ôɱˣҽԲģǻϿϣϴ֮ǰô˵ģԲܹһŴ뿪
ֻ꣬ߵļɱִĺ
֪ˣǼɱҲ˲æǹ֮˹ȴ˳ֱ˹ȥ˼ߣȰǹߵڵأҪֶ֪˵ԼҲ㣬ǱϾ䲻ġ
ţȴһɱ֣ں͵׼̴Լʱû뵽ǸСѾͷȻֱӹһӣ
ǧҪСˣЩһ̫Ҫˣ˳Ĵ򲻹㣬ȻֱƤ
СѾͷĵû뵽Ȼ
ҪСѾͷĻԼղıǸ˵ˡ
ֻЦŵͷҲûж˵ʲôȻ㼱æٴγóеǸ˫ع㳯ԶǸļһ˹ȥֻ˫ڹȥʱȴǰһťԭ˫عǱٿصģǸɱǰʱ򣬶ʱһɵֱӰһιȥˡ
Ȼ˫عĻЩɱЩ죬û뵽ȻбԼ߸Ӹ߼컹̵ˣЩȷʵǳ֣ûȫ̵ڵϣʱؿŲԶꡣ
ȻҲЩ˲Ķ֣û뵽ȻֻҪô̵ʱ䣬Լǵ͹ˣҲǸʡ͵ĵƣֻһԼеһʮֳӣ˩ԼԴϡ
ֽʹԼϣӦþʮ˰֮еǸֻһĳ棬ȻǶһر𳤵һ⣬Ϊ˷ѶֱӸ̴ԲŻôһҡҡͷȻǺݶ
Լ̾ʱǸһȻֱ˹˲תţֻһƯԲУ·˲һۣԼղĺܼʱջǱˡ


612 
ȻѾõȻҪ޷˵İѳɱǳôܾͻᱻһװ׵ɱﶷ˼غϣȻտʼȷʵվϷġ
û뵽ȴûκεȴһֱ̲·ҳһûκεĴϢ֮ģԽսԽ£ֻ꣬ڱ˼Ŵ˼ȭ֮󣬶ʱϱЩбȻˣԼһοǶ
ѾӦܣζҪɱȻٰѳԴȥҲΪ籨
ǼɱֶѾڵ޷ԼһȴҲѾ·磬ԼҪһ취ܹʽת䣬ͻȻ֮伸ȴǿ˸ղŵǸСѾͷҲΣԼͨСѾͷв뵽֮һٶ
·ǳȥԴ򣬳׼ʱ򣬿û뵽ȴ˳һСѾͷߣȻסСѾͷĲӣЦû뵽Ȼ˵ޱԼҪЮСѾͷǳȻΪԼΪ˳ȥԼɱ
ȻˣҲͦڵģôû뵽ЩһԲЩƽһĻ϶ᶷס
ϾЩ˶ǺڵϵˣڵϵһʲôὲЩ壬ǸյĽҪģ˵ԼɱǸ磬ͨղһŭڵӡ
оһǸ϶رȻĻҲӣǷ˱˵ǳƵóһʹ
ȻĻԼҲԼƴԴֻΪӦǸܵĻ¸ûбҪӣֻвףɱûκεĹϵΪʲôꣿ
ȴǶ˵Ľ˵ҪΪ籨϶ʲôΣֻ˿Լȴ벻һʱ֮ȴΪСѾͷİȫԼܹ̫ڻţһҪĽ¸ǰǸСѾͷŻˣԼֻԱߴ͵ģû뵽ȻͳʣԼҲر֣ԼղΪʲô˳ӵҪôҸط
ƫƫҪͱļһˣԼвǾöԲ޲ԼҧԾûа취סʲôˣֻԼϢЩѣʱᶼϾֻһõô࣬һμƣǿǿ־ĲУֻǿĿųóЩͬСѾͷʵȷʵСѾͷûйϵģⱾԼһĶԹ
û뵽ΪСһԼͰСѾͷҲ˽ȥҲСһܵκε˺ȻԼⱲӿпǷģԼȱʲôУѪᣬǶǷκ˵飬ǳһֱ塣
˵ôϧûӣСѾͷϣȰ㻹ǹԹҵĻȻĻҾֱӰСѾͷʱҿβΣ
һ˵ţϵľһ߾ͼˣϾѾڵС
ҲǺһֻǺСѾͷܵ˺Ǳ㼱æ˻֣Ȼ˵ʲôͺˣҪΪСѾͷ㵽׻ǲǸˣСѾͷûйϵҪĻô͸һһ򣬲ҪյֶΣֻñ˾òݣһĵļһ
Ͳôֻ࣬ΪҪôԼ˵һжǿԣҪ֪ԼΪ籨𣬶ҲΪܵԼðѶȸɱ˵ѳصܵǰܵһɱҲòġ
Ϊ˱ģǰɱ˵ʵʵĸңȻϴǰȫ˵ϴӵĻҾͻ㣬ȻĻɾͱҲֱӰСѾͷɱ
ֻһ˵ţһ߽ԼֺݺݵĲСѾͷȻ֪ˣ϶ǵ飬ôҲΪСѾͷɣԼҲһܹĻȥ
ԳֻõͷȻ˵ĻҾ͸һˣñ֤ζ˺СѾͷȻĻһŹġ
˵㽫еӵһԣţ㳯߹ʱһӣȻǰЦų˵һλ
ӰԼ֪ȻˣɱˣҲΪ˱ģֻΪ˸㣬Σ㶼޷ѳҵģοӦҲףΪʲôΪɱ磬ұҪɱ㣬ҲϴķԸ
˵ֱӰǸСѾͷӵһԣѳȻѾ˵ˣȻҲͲ仯˱㱻һĸһȻ㱻ˣ˭Ҳ׵ģǱһߵĻʱǸˣҲǸʲôܵģ֪ᷢʲô飿
˵˳Щϰ£Ϊʲô
Ϊ˵ԼѾСѾͷȳǰ꣬ȥ¾ԲԼȥʲôϴ
϶;Լ˺ȻԼѾԤϵ飬ԼҲǸɵԲһӰװװԼɱˡ
˵Լ̫Ҫȥһֱһ뷨֮ԼһҪΪԼ̫ûȥ
ǰ֮һĨޣ֤ɣһ»ԼԼǼһʵĻСѾͷһᱻɱģȻˣôԼԲ鷢ӣɱϾСѾͷ޹ġ
ˣ˵˾ܸСѾͷʶ˲ãҲһʱ䣬ѾСѾͷԼĺãοСѾͷ϶ʲô֮û˵ԼȻĻҲԲӡ
磬ҾԲ㱻һߵģһƭ㣬ҪǸһĻû
û뵽ȻɵѾͷѾ͸еİóЩЦҪ黹ǱסСѾͷǲҪģ飬ں
˳㼱æСѾͷ˵ͲҪٹˣϿ찴ҵķԸص㸸ĸȥԺ󶼲Ҫˣ鱾͸ûйϵҲҪǣȻĻ϶ⲻȥģͲ˵ˣϽؼȥɣҪΪġ
˵Щ֮ȻĳԶȥû뵽СѾͷȴֱܵԱߵһĦгϣų׷˹ȥĦг˷ԼĳѾͷŪߵʱ򣬶ʱ׷ȥΪʱѾͷѾĦг˺ԶԶ
棬ֻһҲ꣬ϸĴţȻһԼɱˣ˵ʵôˣôľͱ˸ɱп϶ʲô˵顣
Ǻϸ룬ľ˵ģôһˣȻȥǣ飬ǾԻرָк棬ȻײˣԼ֮ԻˣΪģ


613 
ΪԼ磬ȷʵûбҪټȥ
ΪѾ˺̫̫ˣԼܹȥȻҲΪ˱ȫԼȴôط
˵ҪʲôܵǰҲ˵һǮҲһȻһһЩΪ֪Ĺ£ǱϾ
Ǿûô򵥣ΪѾ˽⣬ԽԽԶ
˵ˣֲǸɵӣô֪ܲЩһʲôأЩһԼŪףȻɱٰԼʬ壬ӵ֪ʲôطֻҪĻʱ򣬾û֪Լʲôط
뵽֮󣬳رܣΣЩҪɱԼҲ֮еġ
˵ȷʵѾϾԼ棬һֱһﵱοһ꣬ȥӦþܵ߹
ȻżΪô򵥣һ̫ˣοԼҲһɱ޴һˣȻҲЩһƳô˼
ҿͲҪҴǸνʲôܵǰҿҪҸ⣬ȻɱԲԣ
һЦЦһ߳һ˵⻰Щˣû뵽һȻôԼͼȫ͸ˡ
굹Ҳûоʲô˵ģȴֻǴЦ⻰ʵ̫˼ˡ
Ҳò˵ȷʵˣ˵ǸӣҲϴߡ
ԶûлȥĿԣ㻹֪ģΣҶҪΪ籨Խ·һʲôԸĻ˵ܹĻ
֮ǰһǻģȻˣҪ̫֣ҿ϶ǲģ
˵Ļ·Ѿһﵱʲô
һŵӣóرߣҪ֪Ѿ˵ˣҪԼܵǰԼҲʶһܵǸʲô
Ȼô֮ǰֻ˵ܼҲᣬֻǰڼǲǺףǶرȤ
û뵽ǰһȻֱӴԼĵ·Ȼ˳Բ鷢
б뷨ֻǰ⼸ɱֻ꣬ûԼô򵥡
ԼҲԲİװ׵ñ˸ɱԼֻΪԼӺʹһ㣬ȻԼ徲һЩû뵽Ȼ顣
ΪһɵԪףȻҪһЩ벻ȻѾ
һ˵ҪԼһҪԼβûЩһȫ򵹣ˣֻҪԼڳһ֡
ôͺðˣҪ˵ʲôҪܹһɾ裬ϾǰԼɰЩܵģҪõĶС
뵽֮ʱ
Ȼ˵ҪӦһҪôܼ򵥣һǱףҪ֪ǰԵĶˣϣӦҪҲΪʲôϵһ֮ʿȻ˿ҲģϾ˵ɱΪ糥ҲӦõģӦ˵Ķ԰ɣ
ֻ˵ĺǿϷ޷ܾʵղ꣬Ϊ԰ԼѾѳƷˡ
˲Ż˵Ļˣû뵽ȻˣųӣٿԱߵЩСǣԼӰѳܾĻ
µʱһᱻϵ˸ȡЦ˵Լʲôˣô˵Ҳߵˣ˵ҵġ
һҪԼŸãȻĻʱе˸ԼԼѾǸô۸иͷĻᣬȻһҪպˣĽҰģȥȥأοǿס϶ʱЩˣȴͻȻֲԶȷʵһ׵أ춼ڰԼԼš
Ҳ׷ˣȻҶѾӦˣôҲͰ˵Ļȥ㲻ԿҾ͸ȥȡˣˣǧҪŴʲô⣬ҪҷֵĻһֽŽϣٰгɷΪЩҰޣҪ֪ĽҰĿ¾ԲȱЩҰǣҰ֮Ķ
ȷʵ˵ģҪ֪ǿʲôеģʱʱЩҰԱߴȻЩǱϾһֵطǾЩѹ֣˵ˣ浹ҲһЩϲ
ôһǴӦԼҪԼ֮ҪײΪģΪԼӸ򿪻ȥЩпա
ĻӣΪԼ⣬ȴܽ˵Ӹ¶ȻĻôĵʱ϶Լ뷨һЩǡ
ֳʮָ˵ӣȻװŸм˵ܹ֪⿾׵Ļ
ҾǽҲûκεĿֻһҪ׸ҿˣҾϲֵֿģȻĻ˿µʱҲһ㣡
û뵽һ֮ˣȻôҪ󣬲ˣô˵Լҵһץʱֱ֮·
Ȼⲻ֮ǰܷԸ˵֮󣬵ʱҪżɱǰԼߣԼҪۿһһﵽǸʲôĻɫ
ԼҲǸһһ󺺣ܹӸǸһ϶Ǹ
Ҫ֪ȻĲУϲύЩˣܹΪԼõĻõЧҲû뵽꣬ͽԼôܻ鷢Աֱӽ뷨ϾˣΪˣꡣ
ŻֻĽҰĵطΪ˰ԼδĶָοԼҲΪ籨ԼʵʱǸһĻ֪֮ܾԲΪôвܵ˸ɱ뽫ΪãԲ䷢ģΥܵ˼ֱӿųƫƧĵطΪ˸һʹ졣
ֻ꣬Ǳӵĳһ￴һۣȻ˵ǿˣôޣҵţھȥףȻ㿾ԣʱ֮Ҳ·ϾҲҪˡ
˵Щ֮һֱӴ˳ȥַԸЩɱǿóϾȥɲôʵһӣװ׵Լɱġ
ȻһǸӣ꣬ոմȥҲ磬ɱǿǱˡ


614 
㿴Щɱֵ״ЩʲôֱҾøЦѵǾܵû뵽ܾȻֶ˵Ƕ书ҲͰˣǵҲǲУѵǾͲܺúõ룬ǵϴҸɱ𣿺鲻İɣ˵Ǿ˵ĻʱͲǵϴʱǿɾͳԲ˶ˣ
·رӣȻЩһ˵ȷʵЩɱסˣû뵽һȻ֪ԼЩ顣
ȷʵ˵ӣԼİĻȥĻµʱԼϴ֪˻֪ôԴԼЩɱֲɵӣβʲôοԼҲߵļ߹
Ϊ⼸߹ܹϾһѾôˣԼȴͲͬˣΪԼǸոս뵽ҵ
˵⼸ɱֿȥ͵ӿʵֻǼС˰ˣĻ֮жʱϰµģԼɵʱȥ֮ܻ֪ôԼȻǰ꣬ǾʹͬȻһѳɱ
ȻΪ˵õԶĳ谮˵ȷʵѾһλöԼͲͬˣԼֻոߵļͨɱ֣ʱͰԼԴŤˡ
οԼƾʲôͳڹˣ뵽֮⼸ɱֶʱŭžԲܹƻɹ˱ֱӴ뿪û뵽Щһ׼ֵʱȴͻȻ˽ʲô
˵Ǽʲôѵ췴𣿸Ͽһҷǲ˰ɡ
Ϊ⼸ɱֵΪȷʵ֣رһоȻһոտõףȥӦǸղոõĲٶȷɿ죬ļƻûȫɹû뵽һȻͽˣҲνˣϾԼѾɹˡ
ȥ⼸ɱֶѾ˼Ȼ˵ĻɾͺðֻҪ⼸ɱָ귢ͻôԼŻҸᣬȻԼϵӸѣĻ꣬ǾǲҲˣȻôԴԼܸûһԼɱȴһԼš
ѵԼľôֵǮ𣿻Ǹ籾ӦãƾʲôԼԼԲ÷ġ
û뵽⼸ɱĻ֮ȴǴıԹ˵ҵ㲻ô˵β֪ôģʱϴ˵ˣζҪһŴȥʲôأ
Ȼֱǰһɱѽɱ˵Ļʱϴ϶ͻᴦǣᴦ㣬ԽΪϴɱ֣ǾǸոеġ
ҲǴɵƾʲôǵļȻߵߵλȥⲻǰֱӵ𣿡
Щʱڳסˣû뵽ԼĿȻ⼸ɵСӸˣΪ⼸ɵϾͻװ׵ΪԼ
û뵽ȻԴͻȻϣ˿ԱߵĳȴһԲ˭֪᲻һĻԼɲһĵ
׼ЩɱǺúõ˵˵Ѿû˻⼸һѾ׼ˣǻûһɱֽץߵʱֻͽеذ˳ȥ
ʱɱִദֱӸ̴Աߵ˶ʱɫͱˣû뵽˵һԼȡͣȻĻôܻԼ֣Ȼ˵ĻҲҪԼˡ
ļɱֱֱӳ˹Դﻹ˵ԼϵտõףֱӽӵһԾ͸Щ֪СɱֶԴԼطˣ⼸СӲŸ͸ҶԼôԺ˷չ÷ıԼ뵽֮Ҳȷʵ಻סˣֱͳе⼸ɱֶƴ
˵Ȼ⼸СǸո뵽ҵˣ˵𹦷Ļ治˵ʮ˴һܹ껹Щġ
ԱߵĳΣʱԼĻˣ붼ûֱߵ˸ղűɱǸɱֵԱߣȻ㽫ɱϵǰذĴһദ˳
Ȼһð˴ѪҺóЩöģԼѾѪȳ棬Ҳ˲ˡ
æǰذԼֻһת㽫ϵӸˣȺԴ򣬷ġ
񿴿ֻҲǲģ˱ԱߵĵЩɱֶԴ򣬱Ͼ궼Ѿôˣô򲻹⼸Сɱأ
û򣬾ֱ䣬⼸ɱָɱˣֻղȫûй˼벻ʱ첲ϵǸѾ⿪ˣ˱ЦŽϵǸ׼Ȼӵ˳Աߡ
Цǲ˼ΪԽߣҲò˵ûˣϿ׳ˣȻЩһ·ɣʵҸ㣬ҲңҪ˵ĻѾնˣʱ˵Щϻ
ȴֻǽ΢΢һ£ְ׼ȻЩӦҲرĺóԡ
ϾǹѾסˣԼӰزһӡ
ȻڴڵسΪ̫ˣǸȻûзֳϵѾʧˡ
ȫ֮󣬲ŽװӺݺݵ˦˳ȥʱĺϣǰһˣѾҪˣȻӶԴԼ붼ԼĶٴͳһذס
ֱӳĹȥû뵽ȴһֱײԱߣʵղųѾһˡ
ֻһֱûеõᣬϾǸģһ˻޷ϣԼղŰֲ㶼ŪĳѪˣȴûаŤ飬û뵽ԼǽһɱְԼȻ
ҲǲˣڼȻԼѾȻҲͲܵһвһҪһ
ȻôԴԼǾǲˣȻһ￴ϵʱ
ʱЩ⣬룬ǺĴҸղЩɱʱذȷʵԱߣֻΪ˰򿪣ذ׶ˡ
û뵽ȻôСˣǺźĸ㣬ڸղţʱѾ͵͵ǰذͿһЩһûҪ˰ɣ
û뵽꣬ȻôգԭڸղŰɱָɱʱ͵͵ͿĨ³һЩ顣
ȻֻԼͷЩΣʱȴҲЩվˣ㵹ҿһôһӱ㿿ϡ


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ԼЩεԴһˮֱӽԼͷϣԼľͻࡣ
ûа취ԼǸԶĺˮһξ룬οһҲǲԼģѵԼľҪط뵽֮ݺݵҧҧ
ųӣӵʹˣĳЦû뵽һôĳȻҲн죬㻹ǹԹԵ־ܰɣ˵һģʹһ㣡
˵ĳӳڽˣʱͻȻ֪ܳһĦгʱɹʱײԱȥˣҹȥԶԶ
ǰοǰˣ˿ĦгϵˣǸó㾪ȵͶˣԭǱСѾͷҲǸΡ
ֻСѾͷֱӴĦгȻһһĵǰȻųʮԺ˵찲ŵĿǺã֮ǰҲһεǻҾ㣬ǳƽˣֻôǸϿ߰ɣϾӦһĵҪôһʲôҩǿɲ£ȻĻ϶Բ˶ߵģοɽڣûա
˵СѾͷҲ˳ֱܾ׼ѳĦгϣȻ߿û뵽ʱ
ǸȴͻȻʱذ״СѾͷҿʱһѶʱýŽĸ첲ˣذҲ˵ϣǰǸѾͷ˾Լ书
ҲӦһôѶԸɣοղԼĦгײһôҲӦðһײĲзˣȻСѾͷǸӡ
꣬µĹͷѾײɢˣﺬ³Ѫû뵽һȴȻҪɱСѾͷ
Լļƻ˵ĺúõģϾҪɱˣû뵽·ȴôҧ
ǰһˣҪ֪Լܶô꣬ȵľôһܣúõһ£ֻҪԼô
ЩҲԲٴˣû뵽ȴôԴԼ
ҧгݵӣкǵǣϾЩ˱Ƽ֮ʲô鶼пģСѾͷȻȥһשݺݵĳӵĹ
ȴȭͷֱӰשڵϣŵСѾͷϽ㵽ĺ档
ԴȴԽԽԺͻȻ֮Ƿһذף붼ûֱùԼĴȱʹش˹ȥŵСѾͷϽȴʮֵۡ
˵ʲôѽҪԲУҲԲưոݵģ
ЦСѾͷԴȻߵǰϾͨذ׵Ĵ̼Ļָ֮ǰˡ
˱ߵǰЩĳһʵرĲףϣܹңΪʲôǸϴҸŴȥΪʲôҪҸɱѵΪԴ𣿻˵ͷأҲӦһҵԸԸΪǸһ£Ҳǵ˰ɣ
Щһ񾭼Ҫˡ
û뵽һȻĿڿޱˣڿԼԼһӻǿ˶ٵ飬ôأ
˼磬ô˼ҲΪϴ󣬶һԼôļҵһӦǸܣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣǵõԼˣǶƶֵܡ
ǣԼȴǴرʵǸҪȥʲôµʱ򣬶ǲԸЩ˲ģÿȴ˱ȥΪӣȴҲǵ鷢ΪųԸ񣬲һֱıҡ
һֱܵ˵۸ѹԼۿһ˱ֵ˸ɱʵĲôȰˣǸûʲôá
Ϊ˰һǸܣȻһӣȻְǰմѪذ׽һС
һְСӸɱˣǰԼֻмСкĲ
ǿ˿ԱԼŴ۾ܣ֪ԼûȨоֻܾһȥʱһѪԼϣһɱˣһɱһ޹ĺӣҲһһӰ
ΪһΣû뵽ܣǸ磬ȴһһεıԼȥ˺һһ޹ˡ
ЩĲҵΪҲ֪Щ˱ǲģǶ̫׺ݣһŹ
ǾĥģҲʧȥζճΪһְҵɱ֣ɱǼֱɱһֻô򵥣ȻˣһҲײˣԼŬ
ն޷Խһ֣ǱĹ֣ܣܾΪ˵ֲҰ
ԲŻԼ˵Ľƽϣõ£ǸһҲǸ磬ˡ
ȻԼװ籨𣬿Լκ˶ԼʵͲ
ΪֻҪˣô֪ܵģֻԼһˣǺ£Ҳǻ£¾һ϶ҪԼɱˣҲˣֻԼ֪еܡ
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Լ׷ɱʲôûɵأϾԼѾ¶ˣҾЩɱСǶóԼûбҪװȥˣϧǣȴԾûаѳɱ˵ˣԼǻصܵߣҲûпڼΪҵģ˵ᱻܸɱ
û뵽ѽŬôãջһЧûУռȷ棬ӵҲãϾܣɲǵˣԣֻҪΪһұۣʱ򣬿£еȫ˵㣡
ΪһֻǸ̾һҲͰˣû뵽ȻֱӴԱһذס
ʱ㳯ԼŴ˽ȥֻһѪð˳һı㵹ڵϣóкǻɡ
ǺαԼû˵Ҫһɱˣ뵹ҲǣȻѾΥܵ飬ǱһһȥҲǿļһƽʱҲûʲô飿


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Ǳ˵ʲô֣ԼҲԲģ˵飬ҿСѾͷΪСѾͷܵ˵ıӻ
۸ҲͰˣû뵽ԼȻСѾͷˣԼǰζ벻ģ붼ЩЦȷʵˣǰСѾͷµӣô˵ҲֱԼǰ˸ˣԼϰˡ
СѾͷֻǸСŮֻǸȻǼЩ˳붼ûֱӽСѾͷĦгϣȻԼĦгϣű㳯˹ȥҲǸ֮ҹˡ
һߣ˵Ǹ걳Լʱж˻ðɣ޲ðһ˺ɷĩǰԼŮȴЦʵ³ûбҪôΪȻˣҲǼ£һ£һˣô֪Ǹܵˣǿɾֻһˣ˵ܿҲֻһӶĹˡ
⻰֮ܵĻҲһ룬ǰƯŮæŮһڣЦŵͷŮ˵ȷʵ
ֻҪ֮ô֪Լ˵ǰһԼΪʲôҪأȻûаץ
ΪԼūҲһʧߵģĺˣԼȻѾ뷨Ȼһף˵˵Ƭ֮ܱ·Ƽһ
ȷʵֻʱû뵽ô֪ĻѾ˰ѳץˡ
˵̫ˣȷʵģǾԲκ˽˵ȥܾһĹȥҲӦģҪ֪߸ô꣬ȻҲһЩ£֮ܶһÿͽֺãȥ;ʮֵĲģ˷Ǿˣһһ˵ҵĶңǸȥ١
һκεȫңҪ֪ҿĺܿãһܹɱˣѾǺû뵽ȻܹҲɵֱˣһܹΪõĻҿˮ
ԼϴôģԱߵŮҲֻ΢΢ǡ
һߣȻԼ־СѾͷǸոϡ
ʱ赹ȥԼĦгϵʱҲ˰СѾͷĦгʱֱײԱߵϣֱƬʱСѾͷҲ֪϶֧Ųסˡ
Ҳ˲æԱߵĹ绰Ȼ˸120Ͱˣ滹رĵֻǧҪóκε飬ȻĻԼĻⲻȥģԼǵЩ¡
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Ѿͷ120֮󣬺ܿĵĳ͸ϵȻѳֱӾ͸ˡ
СѾͷҲ˲ææĸȳģôѪ
СѾͷʱҿԱߵЩҽǰοȻĻСѾͷ治֪ʲôɵ£СѾͷȴһֱĿԱߵǸϣ̨ϣǧҪκε顣
үһҪӳѽһˡ
Եĳȴһֱһξ֮Уξ֮Уǰ顭
ѹʱ򣬷ԼҽԺĲϣԼſŵĲǱˣǸСѾͷû뵽ȻСѾͷԼЩֵ˵Լϴ£ʱȫ˹ǸСˡ
֪ʱ򣬾ֱȫҽԺû뵽Ϊ̫ˣԱҽԺЩҽ˳ȥСŮȷʵСģѾȹΣڡ
ԾͲٵˣԭʱѾЩʧѪ࣬ҶΪһ϶ˣҽҲ˵ʱôģȻôذס
ֱӴ̴ԼȣһҿãҲʮֵǿ׳ټѾͷҲʱ
ȻĻ񣬳ѾûȥˣܻҲһ漣
Щ֮󣬳ȴֻЦЦԼһ漣ԼǿǴ漣ˣ˵ڳײԼǲܹģΪԼ仹̫Ĺ̫ĵǡ
ԼǾȥˣ·ǸһЩҪԸԼһЩᣬεĻԼԲЩģԼƴҲҪǰСѾͷͦмġ
˵СѾͷͦģʱĻȻԿĦгȥңҲġ
û뵽ôԼСѾͷʱЩߵҡҡͷ
ɵѾͷߵСģȴζˣԭԼʹ̽ˣɶСѾͷأϴҲӣһеһУȫΪСѾͷ
˵磬ҪСѾͷĻҲӣȻСѾͷ˵֪ҵһμСѾͷСѾͷ⣬ǣǳô飬ֵܵĻ˴磬񿴵û飬Ƿһˡ
˵ЩЩŵ⣬ȻǸСѾͷ
ŵСѾͷϽ㵽ĺ档
֪ЩֵڵԼİȫ˵ĸСѾͷûκεĹϵֻΪܵĹϵˣΪԼȥСѾͷȻЩԸԼҪ֪ԸСѾͷЩ˶Լ˵ǻСһġ
˵СӾͲҪ˵˵ˣ㿴СѾͷŵģҲ㡣
֮Ա˸˺ˣΪСѾͷԭ򣬶ΪǸܣʵ֮ܶΪǸ磬֮ǰ׷ɱҵǸһֽģǿɾһ
Ļ󣬲ܣܵҲ˵ǿպһˣһҪҸץȥȻΪһˡ
ʵڣҲ⣬׻˵ܣǿǴûйϸģΪʲô֮һȴҪԼ顣
ԴǸ˵Щ֮󣬷ǾòζԼҪһԼ˵Ѿոտ
Ǹ׼µصʱȴͻȻԼŶرʹҪ֪ԼʧѪ࣬ҿüʱЩҽҲǸѪֹסˣȻĻ֪ᷢʲô飿
ʱ·оԼŹתһȦԸȴԼջǰԼ˻Ҫ֪ʱԼξ֮пĶǶʵġ
Լ·һһֱ룬ϾҲûмˣҿСģһֱǰԼЩ飬ȻĻԼеʱ䶼ûС


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ĻһʲôΪ飬ȻĻΪҪԴԼ
ȻֻΪҪΪԼ𣬵ȴͲͬˣտʼʱΪһΪ籨𣬺һϵе֮󣬳ȷʵá
һﵹǺ֪ԼһЩϸɱˣԼ벻ģȴֻʣˣҪ֪ǿңܼ
һĲƸȷʵѾһĳ̶ȣҿóǮ˸ǵõԼ˵һ飬һ֪ô˵Ҳǲģĸег
ǿеǮ˱쿪һʱݣȻﵽתƣû뵽Ϊ̫嶯ȻֱӲСײһɯ棬Ǳˡ
ܵĳʱܱĿû뵽ͲʶǰһϾţ»ͰһٳЩǣϣܲҪСһʶô˵Сӵĸ׶ег
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û뵽ȴһŭֱӴԼ˾˳ȥû˼飿
ȻܵĴǸСٹ֣ҲӦҪ˵Ҳǵ飬û뵽Ȼܸˣ޹егҲǼϷãǸûκεãΪѾͷ˵Ŀȫסˡ
һ£гû취˾͸˵ˣԴ֮󣬼һߣһǶ㿪ˣµʱǵһ
ǿûȥģҪ˵ܣôɷҲͰˣƫƫ˶Լһ˴ԼߣֱҪЩ˱
ԼЩεԴ̾˿֮ǰǸ߹ԼҪĻ»̫̫Ҫȥ
˵ǶҪˣʲôĻȻ˵ģǸϿȥɣСѾͷ˵˵ˡ
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СѾͷĻ֮󣬶ʱرĸˣϾѾ֤ԼˣԼһֱرϲô˵ȻǰСѾͷ˵Ĳ֪롣
˵һ㣬̫ˡ
СѾͷӣһʱ֮䷴ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
СѾͷľ£Ǻܿͺֻ֪ΪʲôСѾͷҲȥѧһֱųȻҲǺϲСѾͷԼ
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Щʲôˣ˵СѾͷһǻÿʣرĿɰؼӦҲǲļͥɣǺһ빻ǺģΪʲôأΪ֮ǰСѾͷһھưɣһЩֵֹ˺ȾƣֻЩǿʩӱʱСѾͷǾܾģ֤СѾͷֻȴҪһСɾЩðˡ
˵ˣһֱСѾͷԼãĻ¾ЩˣˣСѾͷ¼һЩ飬ԼȻѾɵѾͷ˺ѣҿСѾͷԼ
ȻĻ黹ľЩðˣСѾͷҲףԼеûбҪ˵Լֻ밲ĸΪѰˣûģڳȴǾģȻ˶Ѿ˺ѣôʲôǲܹ˵ģ˵ˣһǶǹ䣬ǱΪԼţ۲ݡ
һֱСѾͷչԼԼп²׵ģԼСѾͷûʲôһֱСѾͷԼԴΣԼСѾͷܵκεĲƽĴֻտʼʱҽԺһЩҽʿǶԼЩĿ࿴
ǰˣܵ˺ʵԼˣԼûоʲôõģȻˣڳֻԼһСãǶЩ˵ǿɾͲˣϾžôɵǿϼѣҪ˵Ļ
ȴ׾ˣֻҪһЩ˾ͻΪ˺ˣǰСѾͷӣǶرĶСѾͷ˵һЩֻϣСѾͷܹԼľͺˡ
˵СѾͷҲǵģʲô͸ңΪʲôҪأ֪˶οҲ֪ģһǲϲ˱۸οҲ֪浽һͥͲҪˣҵĲҲˣʹҵȥҲİкԺʲôǺˡ
˵ر֮࣬ԻΪ֪СѾͷǿǸ˲ͬģҪǲ˵ĻСѾͷǾԲȥҵġ
Ȼܸ˵СѾͷ˳Ļ֮󣬶ʱͷ
Ͼ˵ĻСѾͷҲܹӴӦˡ
ЩԸĳ𣺡ȥҼҲǿԵģôӦңʱۿʲô㶼ҪȥܣҲҪȥ˵ңЩҪǸҶĻһǲġ
ЩʱǰסˣСѾͷʲôļͥŻ˵Ľ
ⷴóӵ֪ˣ˵ȵʱ򣬳ͲҽԺķԣСѾͷľ棬ֱСѾͷСѾͷļȥܾСѾͷԸ񣬿϶Ľйϵ
ǸԼĲһôסҲˣĸԼǸӣʱԼһСŮļܵõĴԼôһˣȻԼȥ˼ǲģ׻˵ĺѶϼ£ǳס
ᵫһˣֻҪǻŵģôҪ֪ʱȭͷҪĶʱ˵㲻ЩǽģЩ˾ǲģ㻹Ե˵һǾԾǳ롣
ϻôãôܻ᲻֪أǾ仰˵˵壬˵ƴ죬ЩҲǷһȭͷ֡
ҪһȭͷЩһҲʵʵĲٶˣǳһۣ۸ԼȷʵܺãҳкףŮǸ°ԼĻҪӣΪѾͷĴҲǸȱǮģô֤Լ뷨Ҳд


618 µ
ȻˣǲģֻϣʱѾͷļͥҪԼ̫У˵ԼûоСѾͷʲôͬСѾͷΪͥԭһֱʮֵԱ˵ЩԸϵĲ죬ǶԳĴʮֵ
һҼ֮ͲҪ˵ˣΪҼЩˣȷʵǺ˵ģҹ˵Ļرʱ͵û
ϾҪСѾͷļû뵽ٽȥ֮ǰСѾͷȻԼ
ⷴóиǴģԴҲãԼףһ飬ҪԼĻҪϺö౶ԼϲսˣֻǿСѾͷ˵ǸʲôĻɫ
ҲȫΪСѾͷãǱһֵ̬Ļľ̫ˣ˵ˣһһ飬ҶǱ밴Լ˵ĻȥȻĻֱñ˱Ťô򵥵ĵһǷΪԼǰͷСѾͷ治֪ΪʲôͻȻúʹСѾͷرĿ
³һԼЩ˻ʧСѾͷһԲƽʱرĻãûµʱͻ˵һЩЦµˣȻʲôﶼûˣóģ֪ԼԻǲԣԼ̫ǿˡ
ҪСѾͷĹȫ¶Ҳ޿κεģҪ֪ôһСѾͷǿѧͣôܹھưֵطأȻ˵Լ˭֪Ժ󻹻᲻飿
ȻϣСѾͷڼܹһСѾͷСѾͷϵĴ˱úһЩٲѧѧУҲЩͬѧСѾͷ̸ĵʱСѾͷһֱӿʼЩʦͬѧóȻƽʱһ￴źܹɣһ˵ѧУʱ
ȴǱһˣµʱѧУѧϰϣһܳصĴȻĻΪʲôֻӣЩ˼ʡģ
ȻӣֻСѾͷԼһլլǰִܲ¥ȴҲһСһķӣһĺԺдһʲôլ⣬Ҫִ֪Ļլˣ֮ĶŻڰɣûԼ꣬ѾСѾͷק˽ȥֻû뵽ɫ
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һĺԺһװ޵ãĵĻֵûмǧòģСѾͷȻһͥôӦþһС㣬ϸѧĻǾ׾٣ӦõֹѧУȥܻѧϲɣԳų˸տʼĵһ뷨
ΪпСѾͷ̫ƶԸϲѧȻʱСѾͷ·ҲһЩ֮ģ϶ܣôֻеڶˣǼͥĲңСѾͷȥѧˣԼ˼ʱȴѾСѾͷֱקո߽ͿһΧżŮˣ⼸Ů˳رƯ
ȴͲһˣһӣңҲǵӣҲó֣ӣϴһӣȥӦլӵˣߵЩŮ˭أ
˵СĻӦҲһЩСԴ򣬻˵ԭȥЩȴ·ǸûиܵһУȴֻͽֺãСѾͷ߽ʱȴֱӰЩŮ˸ƿűŭСѾͷʮֲ˵ӡ
Ȼִ˵˵СѾͷƭӾȻһҹķȥȻѧ֮ǰô˵ģҪٸ뿪լӰ벽ҾֱӴĹȣ
ԭΣֽΣլӵС㣬ӵŮ˵Ӧر۰ŮΪӣֻôһŮӶûУû뵽鲢ģһֱŮСѾͷĸףǾӵԭţҲǻţȴǹΪġ
ΪСʱ򣬱СѾͷĸ׸ˣСԿû뵽ȴСİСĺӸײˣϵĺӣȻһкӿǰլӵˣǸˣӻӵĸףҲլӵϸˣǿǺ޼ˣѾͷĸףԾͰѾͷĸ׹صһСֱӰŮ˸ģҪ֪ѾͷĸףҲֻһССһķû뵽ȴӵĸ׸ˡ
˵Ůʮֵ£ҪȢŮ˵ĻԺ϶ԺúõĽԼ̻ʢԲ˱˵ֱŮ˳ΪӵţҲûа취ҲֻԼϰֵķԸ
ӱһĴܲôܻרԼţ黨ǲݣⲻֱǸСУСѾͷĸ׸ˣСѾͷĸȻݵ΢һֱԼܣҵӦǸѾ˵ӵĸζҪӸá
û뵽ͲСĽӸŪûˣʵӵĸҲرСѾͷĸףŸԼĶӺϻϱŪû뵽Ů˾ȻУŮ˻еʱӸӵ裬ǻǲģÿ컹Ů˺úõ˶˶˵͹ȥһЩóԵĶû뵽ȻһСѾͷƬӣҲΡ
ֱŭӸӵĸףֱӰСѾͷĸ׸صСһرʮ꣬СѾͷƽʱԼĸҲֻܸŷ죬ΪһѴûԿ׵ĻͿˣǿŮˣŮҲԽԽϾǱһطټĴÿ춼Ҫһ٣˵Ů˰ԼĶӸŪûˣҲŮ˻Уû뵽ȴҲûа취ˡ
ΪȥҽԺʱѾӣΪƽʱѰѾʧȥôҲ˵ⱲֻѾͷһŮˣ˵Ѿͷĸ׸صǱϾѾͷҲԼŮԵʱѾͷúѧȻ󵱳СԴںôأ
ԼĸױСҲСѾͷһֱرһˣǾԲԭӵģ˱ԼһӶȻˣӱƢͱ꣬Ҳ֪СѾͷ˶ٴΣһֱӴѪˣҿܼҿˣżæ߹ȰСѾͷˣҲͰˣû뵽СѾͷ̡


619 
ҲӵĸףСѾͷҲӶ֪СѾͷԼΨһ̳ˣǶСѾͷرĿ̣ʱ򻹹ʹԼһӣҲԼǸСӣǿرĺãСǵĸ״һģȻҪռҵԾͶСѾͷҲرĲãڼֵء
ɵѾͷҲܲˣֱӵȥûеطȥ͵ưɣ˵ư滨̵ģǾرƯ˱˽ȥû뵽պǼȾƣкСѾͷȥСѾͷҲȥˣûж룬Ǻͷ飬ҿˣȻĻǲ롣
Լ仰֮СѾͷʱŭԼ޲ĸףڿ˿ԱߵЩĵŮˣЩŮ֮ԲԼĸףΪЩǮˣ
ʲôϵб¾һӰĸ׶
û뵽С˸ջ͸ԼΪԼǸĵܵܣѾرĲˬˣھԼŮӸԼŸɣ붼ûֱӳ嵽Ѿͷǰ׼һȹȥҪ֪Լ֮ǰ֪˶ٴˣȻҲͲں
ֻû뵽ΰƸ׼ȥȴͻȻø첲رʹô´Ҳ򲻹ȥ̧ͷʱȴ֮дһ俴ԼȻֽԼ첲ݺݵظקסԭڲ£ѾֽһסˣҪ֪СѾͷǻҪԼͬͬģСѾͷԼľˣҲԵɣǽΪСѾͷģһҴҲ󣬿Σ
ҪԼԼЩֵַܵӾͿ԰լӸˣֻϾҲСѾͷǰЩ˶ɱˣʱСѾͷûκε뵽;ܹԵЩһﻹԽһȻ˵ȷʵЩѡ
˵һ˭ҽѵҵŮʲôϵ㶼ˣϿҹȥȻĻҿɽҵ˰ˣ
ȻϺǼӲȴȻܵ˳Ҫͨ壬뿪
û뵽ȷʵӵֺݺݵ˦һԣʧصԭӾȻһײԱߵϣҿЩŮ˸סˡ
ؽԼǵͷ˿õŲ䲻˵Ҹ㣬Ҫǲҵͬ⣬͸ҴСѾͷĻұǲҲ˭СѾͷˣǾͲӦԴǵŮ˵СѾͷĸ׸ˣһѯһ£ôôȨûȨܹԽְɣǷģұ֮ǰðŮ˸ųȻĻǿɾͱҲ
Ҫ֪ȫֱӳһݺݵĸһ٣ȻһСѾͷĸ׸ųԼҲ֪Լܹ̫嶯ϾԼģ¾ģԼҪլӸĻҲûбҪһ˵ЩϻԼǹƥˣȻһĻ֮Ӷʱˣȷʵ˵Ĳ
ԼеǮǱϾѾƶ˷ɣκ˶ƵģԼѾѾͷĸ׸ߵģô꣬ҪɵĻԼ֪صöأԼζɿڵģָֿʼһεϮ
˵ˣǼ飬һëǮĹϵҲûУңŮԼѰ·Ҳûйϵģ㲻ǼеˣҲ޷Ǽ飬Ů£ϿҹȥǼɲӭİˣ
˵űԱߵЩŮжһˮ˹˵غֻΪ˽µŸǿѹˣҪ֪Ǹֲʮ˿˿оŸ˶Ầ£˵ҲǼʶˣףֵĻԼǱɣ֮ǰҲ˵ˡ
ոձɱرĶò֮ģѾµǴ˵֮еǸܹ綼ǸˣΪʲô͸ԼŮһ𣬶ԼŮȻֱӰһ쵽⵽ʲô˼Լ
ȵһ֮󣬿ԼСʹİһƤǸĸһ¶һɼո䵽ԼŮϵʱȴͻȻ֮䷢ֳǹ񱦽һֱӸԼˣŵӸϽͷСѾͷͶȥֲˡ
ЦЦԱߵһ룬ӦǰģУҵҲûʲô¶û뵽ͻȻ֮䣬ʹһʱƬų㽫ЩƬԵڵϣЦ
˵Ǽҵ룬ǲãӣ͸һˣȥȡһЩ߻Ҫ֪ĶǾԽʵЩҲӣһúõļʶһ£֪֪Щ鲢ڼͿ˵ģЩ磬ĸӾʣҲԳһ¡
˵꣬վ
ǰӸŻˣֻӻȴ޿κΣԼĿ˹ͲŵˣʱȴͻȻԱӹһȣѸȻĻѾֱӴԼԴϣʱҲֵһƤʱųԶ˿Ȼһͷ׵̫ţԼ
Ȼִһˣ˽Ǹˣ˵ͦÿģǲ֪Ϊʲôܾ֮дһЩ䣬¾ЩƲֻ̫֮Ŵ˾СѾͷߵʱ򣬾Ȼֱ¶һŵŵСѾͷϽˣ⵹óЩˣղôѵ⣬СѾͷ֮죬Ϊʲô̫ȴһ仰˵ˣѵ̫ʲô֮
뵹Ҳǣղչӹʱǿɲͨ˵ܹʹģԼûв´Ļ̫ӦҲѧһЩģҲѹСѾͷẦ£ѧˣҪԸһ˵ĻǿʲôʹҲǾȻͬˣôԼŮϾҲͬѪҺֻ̫Ѿͷ̡
֮ǰѾͷ˵̫ŵ겻ȻֱӳȥһһӣҾȻĽӴ˻ȻԼߣ˾϶´ǰӦþ̫ǸӰɣһŮ˸ô󵨣Ҳе㱾µġ
̫һϣȻЦſ˿ĶһˮȻһڣų䲻˵˵ˣʱЩɲܹܵģ̫̫Ȱ㣬ľͿصȥɣլ飬ɲֵܹġ
ѾͷǵˣǸȥ죿еȻģ죬Ĳ˵ڽϻģӦҲ˵ǰһбۺġ


620 ˽
Щʵóһ㶣˵ۺĻǾһļһ˵һŮˣһ͵͵Ǳ뵽һׯֻΪׯϰ壬Ů˶˾ƶˣŮ˾ֱӰׯȫ¾ˣ붼Щ̣˵ׯϰ壬Ȼ̺ԭ鲢ǱǸӣôܻΪһƣͻɱ֮
ȻΪۺϲԼĽ˾ŸԼĽû뵽ۺĽȴһرˣȻѾۺĽһ𣬵ȻͲܼۺ˻죬˱һپܾŮ˵ɧţû뵽գۺȰԼĽɱˣȻȥԼĽ˵ԼĽԼȻĻͰԼĽҲɱˡ
ȴͬ⣬ԸȥҲԸۺһۺ㲻߶ʮһֱӰ˸ɱˣɶׯﻹЩˣҲȫŮ˸ɱˣԼǸȻûѳŮ˵֣Դɱׯ֮ۺڵҪ׷ɱˣΪ̫ˣǺڵϵ˿ҲҪһ壬ȫͨŮˣû뵽Ů˾ȻլʱۺѾˣԱ㵹ſڡ
û뵽ӵĸ׸ˣ˾ȻˣӵĸҲ֪ۺݣŰŮ˽ڵϵģϾԼ˵Ů˵Ĳ̶̳ȣû뵽黹ûаɣֱӱŮ˸ˣҲˣۺȻȥ죬ȻͦŸӻˣʱӻǸСӣ֪еԵɡ
˵Ҳûʲô˵լȫѾۺĶˣ֪ԼԼǱҲ·һֻĿСֳˣҲԼνĵܵܣۺ꣬ҲǰٰϲԼСӣӻ϶۲ĲȻˣӵŮҲСѾͷǸ޲ֱӽСѾͷһƸ
Լ֮ǰúԶѾˣ˵Ļû뵽ڵϵ˾ȻԼסլӽԼҪǲֵĻԼӣûа취ӦԣԱֱӴԼС˽׼һ֮ȷʵǺܾȣΪ˵ۺ꣬ɱǸׯ֮󣬱ֱ֪صȥˣ
ǽȻطˣЩȻȤʱԼ룬ЩƫƫԼ񵱳Լڰ˫ɷ̩ɽһǺġ
Ȼˣֻۺ꣬ȴرıӣҲ˵ŮˣȻô˹ϣһԼĽԼһϧɱԼĽ㣬񶾵ŮôڵϼȥҲԲ˼Ϊֻ˰ˣСѾͷһԼСѾͷϣǿκε˺ۡ
ǾϸĿ죬ȴƵóһһĶƤ϶һЩСףʱˣټۺ֮ǸǱף̫ţȻʹĶԸԼŮԭǱۺһֹ򣬽̽СѾͷڣȻٿٽóʹмֱ뽫ָһ롣
Ҫʹϼǧֹ򣬿ǽСѾͷίͿ
˱ֱŭڵۺǰһȭͷҿ̫ǳȫȻŽȭͷֻϵȲһֱӱˡ
ۺжʱЩ̾û뵽СӹȻôߣ
Ȼ˵ĻΪСѾͷĸСѾͷŮȻ񶾵ĹСѾͷֻ֪СѾͷϴЧӦģȻЩȫ̽СѾͷڣȻһһİγ㵽ôģŮˣΣڵʱ򣬾ӦֱӰˣ
Щ˵꣬ԱߵӶʱסˣҪ֪飬Լһ㶼֪Լ裬ںݶҲܻѽǰСѾͷǶԼŮȻԼ֮ǰҲǶСѾͷģٲӺݶ
Աߵۺǰʮ־̾سԼĸʵ˵ĸף֪һ˵Ļɶģ
û뵽Լ֮ǰŬȻһ´ξ͸ʶˣʱЩ
ԼĶôԼҲԸ˵ٻʹĵͷ
һ˵ĻȷʵҶŮǺ֮ǣѾͷǿǶҼĲ𾴣ȻĻҲҲ֪ģѾͷĻܵôܼ̳ҵأ
Ҫ֪ƽʱԼĸףƫ̻ԼܵҲͰˣû뵽ȻҪԼŮ֣ӶʱЩˣԼ̣Լôһˣôܻ̫ŰԼŮأ
Աֱӳۺĺ̻С֣Ҳû˵һ仰㲻ӶԴҵŮҶѾûˣֻôһŮˣҪҵŮɱĻǾȴҵ̤ȥ
ⷬСѾͷʱסˣҪ֪ǰСѾͷԼһֱһĴܲЩŮˣԼУǰԼĸ׸صǸСǺ޼ˣֻû뵽Լĸ׾ȻΪԼԸ̫Ÿɱ
Ҫ֪ۺ꣬ͶԼرĲ⣬һﳤôֲ˵ˣҳøǰǸһҲô룬Ҳӵĸף֪ӵĸҪȥ־ٱԼʱۺֱӾͷˣʱ׼ӵĸ׸ɱ
ǺһôĻԼͻᱩ¶˱͵͵˪Ȼְֺٰӵĸףհӵĸ׸ˣֻۺȴǾãԼӣ·һ˫۾һֱڰԼʱ̶Լݸ𴩣ʱԼɷһ
˱׼ԼеļҵȫԼСӣҲΪʲôŮƫ̻ԼСӵԭ
ǾãΣֻҪԼŬһԼĸ׻ῴģô򵥣
ȻôĻҽͳȫ㣬㶼Ѿ֪ˣ˭֪᲻ȥϵһᵽȥٱң
˵̫žȻֱӴԼĶͳ˼廨һ룬ӱ˹ȥӿǴûнܹκεĹʱۿżҪӵӿȪѨ̫ѨһʱȴͻȻӹһľ壬
ӳԶȥǱˣԼǸŮ


621 
ʵסˣҪ֪Լһֱ֪ԼŮԼر񣬿ǼȻ˵ĻΪʲôҪԼȷʵ벻ҲŪס
û뵽СѾͷߵ˴ӵߣȻʹص˴һۣȻ˵Ϊղ˵Щʱ㵱ҵϰ֣վͬһսϣԸ̫ţҿҲ̫ŵҵĸ̫ŵĻҲϱģȻѡҪԼֻһλᣡ
Ҫ֪ŮһӣʵڴӵһֱѾͷԼıŮֻΪѾͷĻʵ̫ˣټӱǸӵˣôܻԼۡ
ȻСѾͷǸ˵ìҲվͱӣֻղȷʵ¶ԼСѾͷ׵ĸȫ˳СѾͷŻᱻжջǾҪԼһ𣬲Լ̫ܵŵв
ӿǵһôжʱ۾֮жᣬʱȴߵСѾͷˣ֪ʲôʱԼͷ϶Ѿ˰׷Լ֮ǰûϸ۲죬ô˵׶Ѿˣ˵ⱲҲֻԼôһŮԼܶӺõĻôľû˻Ӻˣ˵֮ǰԼĸ׵顣
ʵ̫йϵԼûôɶԭӣҪԼŸųģô˵СѾͷ춼źԼĸԼҲʵûа취˵˱ϾԼŮǸҲԼţеġ
û뵽̫ȴһ٣ٶıȣ˵ӰŮ˸ųĻôԼ͸ӶϾĸӹϵҪ֪Լĸ̫ŶϾĸӹϵĻôԼһˣӱ˽һء
ΣǰǸ׵ĴӦ㣬֪ҴˣĻܹĻôһһǸŸ򿪣ĸ׸ųһ˺úõһȺˣҹȥʲô
ֻСѾͷļȻת֮ǰǼԻԼŮ˺ݺݵĵ˹ȥʱŵ⼸Ů뿪ˡ
ЩǰۺˣôӶԼӣΪΣӶվԼߣĻԼԺҲһ·ӾӲдĻȥû뵽ΪѾͷԼĶӾȻֱӸСѾͷվһԼоԲ飡
˵ûУðĻҾһ£ҪվߵĻһԸģô㶼ǴҶģģ
ۺͼϣԼӣԻصԼߡ
ֻѾı˺ˣ˵̫žȻֱԼıŮʱԼһߣĳˣԼѾô꣬ûбҪȥˣοҲ֪ԼıŮѾˣԼҲѾˣûбҪΪȥԼֻϣԼŮԼϵ£̫Ÿ
ȻˣԼۺôʵԼױʱԼȷʵۿˣۿԼĸװʢ˪ǸֱӶ˵Լ׵ǰԼĸȴǶŮرΣ붼ûͺȥֻȴǵڵϣѪʱȻץסۺĴȣû뵽ȴۺݺݵߵһԡ
ӵµӣȴѾһУֻܹݺݵҧԼ֣ԼҪκε죬һֱطţԼĸôƫ̻ԼܵܣȴһƨҷųΪԼ֪Ů˵׺ݣȴһˣһֱԸԼŮȻԼ˵ңٴΰԼɸ
رİοΪԼŮԼԸۺƴˣԼһĸӣһｫԼĸ׸ɱһҪԼŮɱԼΪмˣѾ޿ˡ
ȻˣҲ㣬˵ǸӣȷʵʱۿҸ׸ˣҸǸ״ҮҸ㣬Ĵ̫̫ˣ㵱ʱңѾͷĸ׸صСʱ֪ж㣬ҵŮò׻صҵҶǲıҵĿ첻ԼŰɣӦԺ£ôҲӦ꣡
˵Щ֮󣬴ӾԼرʹ죬Լô飬֮ڳߵҲʹع
ӵͷȻ˵ʵӦôˣĶˣΪĽߣЩ˲ԽĲҪԽľǺ۸ģŻὫŮȫѺ
Ҳû뵽ԽԽӣôԼֵ֧׵ģΪԼѾӦСѾͷβСѾͷܵһίټ֮ǰϻ֪ۺҪһ
õ˳仰ӵȻرĸˣû뵽ûԼӦǸۺǸСӣȻֱӳ˹׼סԼϸӣҿҲۼֿ죬һǰ˹ȥһߵһԣһҲ֪ʲôĹٶȼֱһ˲ֳų˹ȴЩæңȴԾɸһܹԿһӡ
û뵽ԱߵۺȴѾԼӳ֣ӦӲϾ׼ڳȥԸۺ꣬ǣۺѾ׼Լӣֻû뵽ʱͻȻӲԶǸСһŮˣһƱ㳯ۺ˹ۺײһȥˣСѾͷĸףҲӵš
ⷴóסˣǸʲôŮ˻ȫõģǾȻôǿĳȻܹѱۺײһԣɼŮҲǲ򵥣һܹģٿǸţѾײ÷飬˵ĻŮôľͿԴѵģΪʲôڻЩ벻ˡ
ӿԼţʱЩĿɿڴҸղۿԼŰۺڵأ㾪ȵ˵䡭
ߵСѾͷԼĸ׳ˣʱ˹ȥһӵĸ׵ĻУҪ֪ԼôֻͨһССķ϶ԼĸףÿζǸԼĸһЩóԵġ
Цſ˿ӣȻСѾͷԴ˵ʵô꣬Ϊ˽죬ҵ߹ңһ죬ۺõ飬ңΪǴŮԵŻᱻϣլĶϱһֱţǵõˣҲôһֱ̡


622 Ļ
ЩڳȫסˣԭСŮĸףȻǵʱһܴŮ
ӵĸ׿У˵ķԣֱŮԼϱΪĲǱģΪϱһѹۺ꣬ΪԼѾ͸ˣۺԲԼô򵥣װ׳ΪԼţԼӡ
ǾһʮųˣµȵԺ󣬿϶ۺ굱ңĻôԼӣܻܲǸδ֪ӵĺҲ⵽ۺĲкԱطԸŮζһҪúõҪϺ귢Ů˻ṦӶŮʲô飬Ů˶뿪լӣΪӦӵĸףҿΪĳ֣ǰۺĿĸճ
ʵŮıۺԼŮʱŮѾ׼̫Ÿɱˣֻջſ϶иõĻᡣ
ȻȵۺСʱ򣬱ۺͿ׼ᣬ׼ĸŮ˸ɱŮҲȥˣֱӱС˳ۺ겻ע⣬һƴȥֱۺˡ
û뵽ȻƣǰۺˣŭŮˣȻݺݵ˵ļˣҾӦֱӰɱˣû뵽ǸһȻǲңҿҰһɱˣһܣǻڵʲôϿҳȫץ
Щ֮󣬶ʱ˷һЩɫ·ˣԭôۺҲһֱԼˣЩҲǱۺôһֱϵĽۺ֮Щһȫ˹ʱдŮԼǸŮȫΧס
ɱģǽЩ˷ҪԼ֣Ȼ˵ĻҲͲܹԼˣ˱Լڴͳǰѵ౦ʱİ˳ڳ˿ѵ౦ʱȫסˣۺ꣬˵һѱǸ̩ɽ˸ֱͶˣҪСˣȻԼЩͽܣǾԶǾӢǳ书ԼҲʶӮľͲһˡ
Щһﶼˣô꣬ǿǧҪʧȻĻһȫɱġ
ľЩɫ·ȫˣҲǿ־弫ˣҪ֪ۺôԼеĻɱ֣Ϊ˱ľΪԼгһգԳΪ˵ڵ֮ϵϴ
Լ伣Լ˳ˣΪԼ񣬵ȻˣԼСӣһĹҲԼ£ôԺԼˣԼĶӻܹ̳Լ²ֻЩɫ·ˣȻͦģȴʶûУΪÿնѵȫ֪Ҳȥں
Щһм̫һֱ˵Щ֮⣬ûĶˣ˵Щ̫ŷЩԺôԼһ֧Ķ飬òϣ˭֪Ժأֻû뵽죬Ϊĳ֣ȻһЩ¼ۺˣԼУһֱǸ˸һ֮󣬾ȻһͨŮ˵ĵλȲϡ
ʱһƣ޲ðڳȫɱ⣬ֻԼһˡ
Ҫ֪ۺ꣬ƽʱҲرƻģڵϵ֪ԼݣһֱǰԼݸһ˶Լ룬ǲû˵κεʵжû뵽Ů˾ȻֱӰȫ˶ɱˣº˵ķĹһЩҾҲͰˣû뵽ۺ꣬һֱԼӵжԵˡ
ǾԼӣһԼȷʵҲӵģӲվСѾͷԣҿԼСӣԼСӣۺһǿʡģǿطز죬Сľۺ꣬û뵽ۺȻǿɼ飬;ҪԼǸϹɱ
ҿЩٸ鵽ˣǿɱˣӣۺֻܻźȻصУʱӻֻһСӣ֪ô£Ҳˡ
Լĸ׸Լĸ״ñӣҾȻֱӰѺӶˣȻտʼʱլˡ
ԴǶǿʼ۷׷ףȴҲûиҶ˵ΪǶ˵ˣȫۺɱˣ֮󣬾Ҳû˸Һ˵˵ۺǸĺӡ
վȻգסУһֱõۺĳ谮ҲͰˣû뵽ۺȷʵƫ̻ԼСӣʱǼǵӲСĽСӵƿˣû뵽ۺֱӶԼһȭߣԱߵЩǿˣʮֵĲ˼飬ȴû˶˵ʲôǲ˵ʲôϾүѾˣţУۺ˵㣬˸Ҷ˵һǾ
ò˵ӣҲһ͵ģԼĸԴԼӣȴԾûж˵һ仰
СΪֺۺ꣬ȻԼܵҲǸչˣȻˣ˼ûֻ֪ԼһףΪֺܵܣǽԼһЩõǹõó
û뵽ΪΣǽĸ˵̬ȸתˡ
ֻЩۺɱ֣˲ͳеĹЩѾóǹ֧Щڳмֱʲô㣬ΪӶԼе౦ʱЩһ仨ˮ
ȻЩһеҲǺģ˻ܹϼУγĹѾϳˣôЩܹͨ˵˵ģۿԼдˣȫۺЩ಻סˣ˱㼱æԼϵһɫıȻӵԼӵУԭѱˮۺ굱ϴǸׯʱ
صھģû뵽ھȻóȻȵСõѪ֮󣬱ԴʱҲǾȣһֱԼֵСһȻ֮죬ԼЩ֪ˣȻһֱԼԿǱϾһƻ̫ˡ
óദˮˣԭСۺĵ£СǾԼٶѾ䵽˵Ƿ켫ĵزһ˸׷һġ
ִЩĦг֮ģǸۺСᲢ۵Ļܹƽɫۺ꣬ǰԼСӵһɱģɱ֮еĶҲԼСӡ
ӴҲʧȥƽ˵ÿնƵѵɣҲΪѵܹһĹȣǾױȵģȻ˶ԼСӣۺر⣬ϾⲻԼģҲԼɱ֣ôᲢأ


623 Ѫ
ۺСµʱ򣬾Ȼֽһ룬ԼСӵһѨλΪԼСԺûи飬˵ʮֵĮҲԼһϿģȷʵˣСӵഺڵʱȴҲԾûκθҪڶѾʮˣǶԴȴرľûһϲˣ˿ȥҲһ飬˵һԼͬĸ츸ֵܡ
ȴҲεԼҲ۰Сһ˾͸СһһЩŮˣû뵽Сһȴֱӿһֻۣ˳ԼЩ书֮УһеȻۺйˣǱۺȴ֪ԼСӵԼģԼһ
ֻۺСӣӿԼٶȣʱóЩۻңһʱ֮䷴ЩˣÿһжԸۺС໥ԿǱϾԼҲǲܹΪȹ
ʱǸ̫ȴЦ˵ͲҪ˷ˣ򲻹ҵСӣҪ֪ҵСӴСǾڱ˯ԵҲͨ˳ԵĶ޷ģҪ֪ҾôϤҵСӿı£Сиʮֶ֣Ǳȷʵһ̣
ȥ̫ŶԼСرԺԱߵĳȷʵúܸЦһˣƽϲŭֶûˣô˻ʲô˼أۺ˵ģûκܸԼС࿹⣬ǵȵۺСӡ
ͻȻԼû˼ʱ򣬲֪ʱ᲻Թۺ꣬ԼôңһеһУʵѾˣǵõйһ˸ԼĹ򣬸Լһ֪ԼԸԸ⽻ʱĻᡣ
ԼȻԸ⽻ˣû뵽Ǹ˾Ȼ˵룬ջûдӦΪһ˻ϣΪϲŭֵģֶûˣôһˣž͸ûκε˵ǸϾֻһǱᴭϢ
˲ᴭϢˣԳܾˣۺСӣȴۺӣ˾ñһ书ʲôأ
Ҿ̫˽ˣӵĹٸǿʹС˼ɷԸİڲ
һߵֿۺСӵȻһ߳ۺʵ
ｾԵõıۺ꣬Щ֮󣬶ʱסˣһ˵öԣԼֻһζʤǴûԼôĽΣ
ԼСӣһԼϵǸγʱ֪᲻ԹԼԭһеһУΪۺԼϵһ룬ѹۺӵһ￴ȥֻر䵭ȷʵûκεı飬ǸСѾͷҲˡ
ֲԼν壬Сȥֻһ飬ǱһֱһȻֽ̫ţ˻ǿĻ֪һҲôģϧǣֻʹˣİȡ
ԣֻۺܹ꣬Ǹγ̫ȴ˵Ϊղųһ̫һ˿˿ĵģϾֻҪγԼС뷨ʱ֪أ
Ǵ̫֮еһĨģȷʵóʱ⣬ֱӽۺСӣһߣȻԱߵǸŮ˸ɫҪ֪ŮȻף˱ۺ˹ȥۺ֪ǳļƻ˱Ů
ֱӶԴû뵽;ȴǲСʩһ룬ᣬֱӽһ˹ȥʱǸŮ˳Ʊ㽫Լһԣ룬ֱӽۺСӵڣۺʱסˣЩһȻԼû뵽롣
ֱۺСӶʱû뵽ȷʵЩ벻ˣֻۺСֱӳۺ꣬һƽһڵأȻˮָۺ꣬˻
̫ţ֪ôǸҵЩһֱûϲŭ֣ʱҾһŻˣȴûа취ҺǸγȴֻеȥ˲ܹóÿÿҹɱˡ
Щ֮󣬱ۺʱסˣû뵽ԼôĺӣȻѱԼһ˵ԼһжǴġ
˵飬ۺȷʵЩⲻȥģΪС֮һбһ⣬ԼԺûлڵϼȥĻôԼСӴԼȥҲδһ£˱㽫Сһڣû뵽ȴؼСһǱܡ
ʱ޿̶ѵСһ˵Щ࣬ۺСӣЩĻҪǧ򱶣ҲͰˣҪۺСȷʵûκε˵ÿѹʱȫֲûκεı飬޲ĸоֻһԼ֪˵ĻҲûõģۺô꣬ÿζҪŮ˸ɱˣԼԼĸס
ΣŮҲҪԼԺԼ뵽֮Ҳˣû뵽ȴ֮н˳Լˣôίǿ˵
ֻۺסѱˮ˫ȫѪȻ㳯ԼС˹û뵽̫ŻӣŵСˣȻԼҲԹŮˣȴûҪԼĸ׸ɱ
ȻĸףֱӶ֣Ҹɱ˰ɣ֪ȷʵԲ㣬ôΪ˱ģΪ书㿴ڶûĶˣҪ˵˵м˿ӣ˭˵ʧȥҲõõĶѽ
ۺȻǺܻƻˣֱӳԼС˵Щ»ĻۺСӶʱ㲻֪ˡ
û뵽ʱǸŮȴͻȻ˹ֱӽ̽ۺ࣬ۺ֮ǰҲǸŮ˺ݺһƣʱŮ˱䵽ӵĻУҲһѪӦǲˡ
ʱۺСӲһѽԼĸױסȻĿ֮ǰֻ˵ģҲȥ֪㶼ΪҺãǧҪѽϾֻôһˣҪ˵ĻĲ֪ȥأ
ΪʱղǰѱֱӴ̴Ů˵࣬ۺԼСӵգֱ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬴ŮҲһѪ
ĸ㲻ǧѽŮò׼㡭
ֻǸСѾͷһſŮ˵ǰĿ


624 ֶ
ŮЦԼŮգȻ˵ܳһ棬ĸѾܿˣҼǸŮͺãˣҲûκεźˣҪ֪֮ǰĻĺܺǸŮһֱͣҲźȥڣǰۺɱˣҲǸǸүүһĺˣҵ֮һᱣǸŮ˵ġ
˵˹ȥӸСѾͷʱ
֪ԼˣԭԼžȻһֱΪ̣ԲŻһֱסȥǸСһסʮ꣬رĺڡ
ǰһУҲرĲܣûа취Ͼ鶼ѾˣֻߵСѾͷߣСѾͷļֻϣСѾͷܹǿĻȥ
˺ˣҪѹˣϾĸҲѾԼԸۺɱˣңǸŮͺˣĸҲȥúܰꡭ
Щ֮ǸӸϽͷȻԼŮգѾͷĺˣ֪ҴˣԺҲ֮ǰģԺһúõ㣬Ϊõ˲š
е˶ѾͺãҲڣʱۺСӣ·Ƿ˷һ㣬ֱеıˮ㳯Ӵ˹û뵽ȴ౦ѽڿжʱһ죬ԱߵЩŵøϽȫ֪϶һ޴Ļս
ĸ׶ˣѵ㻹֪ڸ𣿡
Լĵ౦һǸˮѹסȻѵ
û뵽ۺСȴǴЦ˵һõĽ֣Ƕ˵ζʲôԼĸʧȥˣⲻΪģΪ㣬ΪЩˣҪǸҵĸᣡ
˵Щ֮һֱˮ˹һ˵ͨͲ˵ЩϻҲǽԼıһԴ
ΪǸ뱻ƳԭۺСӣû֮ǰǰˣ·磬Ƶһ
ʵףһҲرģһۺ͵ģ¿϶ᱻ˸ڸġ
Ϊһô˵ⶼǱۺĺԺΪԼĸױ𣬿»ǻΪģû뵽ȴذۺСӸȻ˵һЩһҪжֿĻ
֪һеĴ󶼲Դ㣬ΪĸףĸСͽⱾһ˺ȴҵĴǸһ˼룬ķȥǵȻҲǲˣԲŻӶ㣬ǲ㣬ĸף֪ܸĵĻҿ϶ǲΪģ˵θСѾͷѪԵϵ
˵ȴǳۺСӲע⣬ֱһ౦ۺСӵĹȫϳˣΪһû뵽ȴᣬʹĵͷ
Żظ˳Ļ˵̫ˣǲ֪ЩôģΪһĳ谮ұһҵүͲģ֪һʧȥ飬ʧȥʲô𣿼ʬһ㣬ûκε˼ʱҪֱȥͶɱġ
˵˵ţһȻֱӹڵϣǲͣ˳۽ԱߵСѾͷرܣ˵ԼҲǺܺޣԼν壬ǵԼЩܵ
ҲرĲζʵԼ֪ȻۺرԼԼԼɱˣԼһֱѹţҸۺ꣬СѾͷܹڣȻˣеԵɣֻСѾͷһ֪
ۺСӣǾ͸ӵĲҵˣô꣬ΪԼݣԲ˳˽²֪ж˳ЦСкʱۺСֻһСкõģû뵽ȴЩǵİۡ
Щʱۺ겻ע⣬ֱСһҶ֪һﱾͲԼǸүģ˭һﵱүԴ
οһѧʱЩͬѧǶڸһºţ˵ʲôС֣ʲôСñ֮ģһرѹȴ޷йΪ֪Լĸ׾Բ鷢
ֻҪԼۺĻЩ˶֮أҲͰˣԼûбԹϾⶼԼĸ׵˼ԼҲΥ
˾һֱ˳ܣû뵽ȴڻǱˣȵۺ꿴ԼĶԽԽ֮󣬱׼ԼӸȣص㣬СѾͷ
ҲΣ˾ԼСӣȥСѾͷɱˣۺСӣѾõ˻ᣬ׼֣û뵽ȴСѾͷ૵ؽʲôС塣
ʱۺС·һʲôһֱӽԼַȥ
ȻεҡҡͷصԼĸ׵ߣɱһѣ˵СѾͷԼԺҵãԲܹɱۺҲˣСѾͷڣȻĻѾˡ
ΣӵֱԼСߣȻסԼС֣˵ǰʲôôȻһˣԽԽˣҲʧȥ㣬Ҳʧȥˡ
û뵽ԼôĴ£СѾͷԭԼۺСӶʱر𣬵ʹĵͷ
ԼγӵһůļͥۺһԼߵ˶Ϊӣһ⣬ֱӰ˸ɱԼѾӵȻҪõһˡ
ʱۺСתȥǸӿ˿Ͼһ֮ӣԼνĴ磬ԸԼĻԼֻܴȥ
ԼŮѾصԼˣﻹʲôԹԣ˱ʹĵͷۺСӵߣһļ򣺡ȻֶŮˣͲҪپܾˣôʲôһˣԺͺúõһɣ
Щ֮ۺСӱˣϽʹĵͷԱߵĳһУرСѾͷˣϾСѾͷҲǻصԼ˵ߣôԼûиˡ
˱׼תȥû뵽ȴСѾͷסˣСѾͷȴĿһȻ˵磬ǲҪҪȥأ
ԼҲǲСѾͷûа취Ҫ֪ԼܹԼҪȥοײˣСѾͷԼĻֻСѾͷһЩΣյ飬ǸӣԼҲˡ
ͱӦѧģֻҪúѧҾʹӦ㣬ԺʱҾͻģȻˣ㻹Ҫ֤һҪѧϰѧãԺһʮõˣǧҪ֮ǰǸӣһ˵ưֻñ˺ܵĵģҲҺܵģҪлǰҵ֮лᣬǿ϶ģ˵Բԣ


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Ҫ֪ôʱ䣬Ѿĸ飬ԼЩ̺ˣһ˱øá
СѾͷǺģϽʹĵͷҲǴӦ˳Ҫ󣬳ҲʮֵĿģôСѾͷһʱ䣬ҲԼȹģõӣ˱ЦСѾͷԴȻ㳯լȥˣû뵽ոϣʱ㱻һʱݿĴˡ
ǳɣϴ㣬͸һ˰ɣҲˣʲôˣӦÿõеЩܹߣЩͨˣ¾ûôˣ
ֻһЦųԼЩСܰ˰֡
֪˭ĳӣǿ˿ϵЩˣеЩ֪ԼǶ㲻ˣҲֻε˳
ԭΪ׵һﲻǱˣܸոҵ̵ֽ֣ģ̣֮ǰ´ֻΪ飬ԱǸָ˳һֱڹ䵴Ҳ£û뵽мȷʵΪûǮĹϵܸ˻ȥҴӦܣ£СȻȥЩģϲļһ
Ҫ֪һ̫ĻԼϰ岻ģܾ͸һһȨҲṆ̀һֵȨֻҪһȥصԼ˾ôͰΪ֣ҲܣҪ֪̣һʮ궼ˣԴ뿪֮оűչ黹ûҵط
˵ʱһȥԱΪСİӸˤˣˣܹҵһݹرĲףο˵ĿԼһвףܶ˭ˣǶԼõˣܺ޲ðŻȫ˵ȥⱾһԸ񣬿̲֪ΪԼһõĶңҲΪһԺܵͲˡ
˵磬ɱˣǿ㻹б£ҲΪб£ϴ㣬Ҳһ˸㣬ҪΪϴµĻԺǰ;ǹģֻҪԸ⣬ϴŵ㣬Ϊϴ˾Ķ֣Ϊ³Ҫ֪˼ͷҪλã㵹ɵľֱλˡ
ĳһĻʲô˼Դһּʡ
ȷʵ˵ģϴҲܣ˵Ѵ֮ǰٰҪ˲Ÿ£˵ˣ˾ȱˣҪȻĻôҲأ
οˣ꣬Լһð֣ǰҲˣֻܼ£˲ţ˵رǶǣһȴһرʶ˵ļһ˾漸ÿһԱѡģԼǶԹ˾õˣӻرĺʹ
ѡ˵ɺܼ򵥣һҪҳϣǰ̣ӵģΪϴǸԸģǿһԸ
ܲŻ᲻ϧֿ˵ķԣʹһǸһһôŬܶǲȫΣԭҲܼ򵥣Ϊһˣ۶
Ҫǰ֣ԽϲֵˣܷԽϲ꣬Ҳǲٿܵһ㣬ǵǸһµһɱ˰ܵߣ۸ʲôĴۣܶҪڡ
СһĻʱЦЦǳţ
Ҳȷĸ㣬Ȼϴ˭ûǸȤȥϴ£ǰҸץȥҲǾ԰׷ˣԻǸϴ󣬲Ҫ˷ʱˣʱ˷ҵϣȥɲţ˵ҵõģ
Щǰ̸ˣ˵ЩԹӶԲţЩȴǽǸӵһԣ˱˻ԡ
˵ĻȷʵˣûһѻȻ֮ǰ˵ܵһЩ飬ǳҲò˵ԼûаһУǵʱһǸ꣬ȥԸԼԼҲӳˣǶȴǻһЩޣܵʱûҪԼɱ
ǳȴԾɲŹΪԼײˣֻǰԼһɱ˵Ĺ߻˵ֻԼһ˳ǾԲͬΪܵһ߹û뵽ԼϡĶŵȴġ
ȻˣҲ׵ģЩʱԼҲǲܹЩжԸ⿴飬Ǿأ
оͲҲΪĶԱЩͨ˵ϾЩǺ޹ΪԼЩ׳˱Լţ϶رѹ˵˳һһرˣȻǸӵעһˣ˵Щʱ򣬳㲻Ծǰ˿̣СˣȥͦѪԵģΪʲôƫƫҪǸЩ¡
Ҫ֪֮ǰЩõţһӦҲ˵û˵ĻҲӦôˣӦȫõɣ˵Դ֮󣬳ԼԼĸоһ͵ζҲ˵ͣӦ˵һĵطб롣
ˡҶ˵һ仰Ȼǵһμ棬ܾӦʲôطĥȻĻҲôܹ¶һϢ
һЩ̽һʵ
Ҫ֪µ˵Ȼرģһ뵽Ǹס֣Ȼװ׵ԩԼرĲζԭ£ԼĸУϣԼԺúõУ¸ЩõɮѧһЩҲǺõģҲͰˣҲ˶룬û뵽ЩС
һЩѧֻһһЩŮҸ㣬ЩŮҲһЩˮģƽʱԼɷȥ׬Ǯ˱ЩŮһڼЩбɫģټЩŮƽʱ˵Ƕرͣ˱һ˱㻥๴ңЩŮ˾ȻԼĽã֮еЩĺлйᡣ
Ա̣Ȼ֮رĲݣҪ֪ǿһʮָɾĵطñеĵطôܹ׵մȾˣôʱסҲԸ鷢ֱ̱ӳȥҪ⼸Уû뵽ԼĹУջȺиˣֻĿȺаЩŮ˴Ȼ㴫һݺ
Ǳȷʵ˿ûкΣ֪ʵԼǹܲ˵ģҲûȨôãǹһѪҺӸЩгײˣеĺ¸ŪûˣЩҲ˶õ˽ѵʱ˵õֵĽͣбˣԼ̫ˣû뵽ȺǿǶ̺֮ǣһҪһһϳȥ


626 
Աһʱ򣬹⽫еһϲķʹˤڵϣʱĺоͼæ̹ˣǼææȥָˡ
ֱ㿴Լİķ񣬱ˣȴֻһˣʱ۾ԭ֮ǰЩļһ̵ɺҩһưԼѵʱ
̿˵ϵķٿԱ͵ЦЩǣʱҲˣЩһҪ
ֻΪԼ֮ǰٱЩһЩŮЩһŻ˳ԼŰ˵Լô˵ȷʵûԭԼҾȻԼ̸ֱˣҪ֪ǰڼʱҲǴκοͷġ
ǸĸıǶŮȻˣҲףԼ۽ʲôûˣ˱׼ֱӴ»ؼңû뵽ȴǲģֱһԼǰȻͷϴһЩල̾ЩðڸӻϽ͡
ֱӱĺжԴҲŭ֣һＸûˣȻӵ˴ϣһܣ˵̵顣
ʱˣֻЦЦڶһҽȻˣŽֱЩĿɿڴָ֣ȻЩֶָΪǮһ£ֱӰ֮ǰ۸̵ȫɱˣǸ֮ǰҲֻŭ̡
ʵ˵ʵһɲǣЩˣӦҵܣΪʱȴ˶Լˣ֮ǰ˭Щһ۸Լ񵹺Щһõ˱ӦɹֲԼֻܹЩһԼ̫ݶˡ
Ӵ̣֮ܵԼĴˣһԼʲô飬Ƕ岻ݴǵģΰץȥǿǱű̬ģȻһҲΪܵλá
ֻԼǰ£ʱ㲻ζݺݵĿųҸ㣬ҪΪϴ㣬ͿҲ²˵ûǸӣҲǸӣ
ЩóЩˣԼֻǺİˣû뵽һôʶ̧٣ԼҲֻεҡҡͷٶ˵ˣӣܿһ԰˵еǮǰЩһ⣬һƬأݵʱרҹƣµüʮڰɣ˼ȷʵ۾գһ£ｨһƬ˾һҵȴǰطҵֻ
Ҫ֪ǰǿƶһû뵽һĴ£ԱƶҲЩˣȻȫ˶øһʵ˲òܣһȻΪ˲бȴһõҵͷԣֲ֮ǰǼרҶ㣬˵ϾҪΪһλǮˡ
һ㲢ûκεĲ٣ΪͷϵĲƲǿɲֹزй˾ԼҵƲô࣬һͷϵֽ𣬾˵ܹѼһֿ⡣
ȻˣЩŵģЩǮ֮ȣɾЩһˣ˵ЩҵƷ˵ƲȫܹһһȣҵֵĻû֮Ტۡ
Ϊһ룬ǾͿԳʮ˵ϰһʮӴ֣ɲܹͨеģȻȻӵĲƸǵҲǲ԰ڵġ
һȴܻԼͷϵǮȻǮǮЩ˾Ǯˣ϶кܶ໵˶ϣ˭ҪĴܸٵĻûԼҸϵɣҲûз
ǵڼ֮ǰʱŸո¶ͷǣʱ㱻һʲôɽϵǿӸˣǿ˵ڵҲͦģٵصû˸ǣǸ֣˵ǹǿѵ¼֮ҲȫϢģΪģΪЩһ֪ЩǿͷӸǲˣΪ⼸󵱼ҵǿɶʮ
Щһ˵رǮŰܸʰ˵ܹȻݺݵթһʣȻҲ˵ҳʶǿһѣǸѾϴֲˡ
ֻһͻȻ˳ԾͰѴ˵˳ȻˣΪ˹ܵ飬Ǹȴֱӿʼ޿ˣ˵ǾԲͨˣܹߵλҲǸ˲ٵŬ
׻˵úãҪǰԹ󣬱˺һ飬˼£ʱЩǿͷӣѾһʮܵļƻܿԼɯȻϳʱԼһӵϣЩǿͷ˵ܣһİãǾϲЩϴͷԺϹ䣬ҿϵŮˣֱӾŪˣȻˣҪ֪طŮˣǿܹõֵģֿԺĵطԵˣ֮󣬱ЩѵĴϴͷ˳
û뵽׼صԼĳϣȴֱӱһȺ˸ץȺ˲ǱˣǼǿͷӣӵʱѾΪ׸ܣʱ㱻ˣڵشˣҪ֪ܵЩСܣǿը˹ˣԼϴȻڵˣҪ֪ԼǻڵģǺˣʱҲǸܣʱ꣬ûӶ뷨ֻǵҪԼϴȻȻˣЩҲű
Ǿ˵֮󣬶ʱһιȥҪ֪ǴͷĿƽʱһﲻɱҲͰˣû뵽ȴ˾Ȼ̫ͷ϶붼⼸ϳһѺ
ϾҪúõߵЩСܣһʱ֮侯췴ǳܵˣƽʱҲӵģΪ˲֪˲һݵλ
ǼǿͷӰܸץɽͷ֮󣬱ܰϣȻݺݵвܣû뵽ȴֱӲЩˣǰЩ˸ˡ
ȻЩҲ飬ܵļ˰Ǯù˵ȻĻֱ˺Ʊʵβֻ֪ҪЩһõǮôԼǱɣ˱Ǽһơ
հЩһȫһˣʱЩ챾һߵģû뵽ȴֱԼСܰЩһӵɽͷϵǸéȻԼСеǿȫˣԱߵľȴȻΪ
ŵһƨҷţֻܹĿȫû뵽ȴǴЦ
һֽкãڳȫֱһﵽһأովֻأȻھܹǿò


627 
ֻǸһҲʲô̵ģ԰һǰѳֱѹȻݺݵĸ¥ǰ˹ȥҿԼסȻĻһӱˤڵʱֵǵЩһٴЦ˿ǰмʮߵĴãסŵӦþǸˣܹһʵݡ
浹ǾЩСϾһѾ׸һ˹񣬵һȥ׽ԼܹҪһʵݣǸʲôĻɫ
Уʥǵģû˸һǰ˵֣ǵ쵼¼һҲҪͷϾһȨѾһ㣬Ȼٲǲܾȫ漰ģԭܸոǮ֮
ֱӻһǮΪԼһ˴һ˴ΪԼһʡ˴Ҫ֪˴ǿҪѹЩٵһͷҲΪʲô쵼رܵԭҪ֪Щٵģٴһѹˣ˴ͨѡµ쵼˸ѡ쵼ʲôˣȫ˵㣬ҪһһǸĻôֱӾҪڵλϹȥ
˴쵼쵼Ե꣬˴ȷʵһãȻΪһǮˣ̵Ĵ£˵ݣÿһ涼һЩңеЩΪȫֺϴǿѹűһЩʲô
û뵽ĵ˾ȴԼһԭ鲢ˣΪһҵͷԣôһ˾ÿһȴǹþֲ֮ǰЩ˶˵Ȼ˸棬رǶ̷ȷʵܼÿһõˣǶһһھģʲôģ˵ǸǵֻͣҪá
ôܾͻỨԼеľԼеЩǮƣ˲ŸڹЩĹ˾Ͳںʲô˲֮ģĴ̣ԾɻںЩΪܵǾãвܵ˾ͱҪܵ𾴣ȻԼѾҩɾˡ
ɱ¾һЩ飬Լвŵˣȴرĺạ̃꣬ΪļһԼãԲŻЩһԼߣȻĻЩһƾʲôڵλãкεºܣ
ߵǸȥÿ춼ǴĻ֦չģ˾ͻ˵Ů˿϶ǸܸЬС鲢ˣ˵ŮѧЩΪֹŮǿǼձȴѧҵģѾǲʿѧλˣ̵֪öˣҲֲܶŮϲֻϧܵļҲܵĸףȴһˣΪһܰһ׮£ԷֻһͨͶŮ
ܸͬµŮûа취ܻТ˳ģ˱Լ׵İţǸŮ˽˻飬ֻȴʵֻżؼҳԳԷҲãǸŮ˲ԹʲôǸһкܶԼţֻ棬Ǳ𾴣ΪԼţһĸԼǮûǮ
ǶǲȥǮҶԴԼĶӣҲǰٷ֮ٵĺãҪ֪ԼţƽʱʲôƣʲôƣʲôƣõĶͨõģҶԼĸرТ˳ǵõԼĸײˣԼžȻԼÿŻµЩ࣬ȥһһʰÿ컹˼һЩɿڵķˣǱķ˵ġ
Ů˶ò⣬ܵĸ׻Բϰߣرõܸ׵ϲܵȻҲǿеģԼŴûҪ嶯ûԣֻȥͲһˣÿ켸лǲݣϾеǮЩŮǶͲܵܵܵܵĳϣҪľΪ˿ԶõһǮ
ܵȻҲ֪ЩŮֻΪǮˣأͰԼǮ㻨һЩЩŮϣûУֻһҪЩŮ֮󣬱ֱӱͣǧҪǣԼļ治ȻĻֱЩŮ˴ʧʵһ㣬˻ǺģܲǮͽԼˣҲΪ̫ܵ硣
Щİɣ֪ܵȴһҪλõĿǱϾŮ̫ˣȻƽʱװŶŮرȴԾɻһ֮ġ
̣һʱ򣬶ʱǰľˣû뵽һȫܵİ칫ңȫοյˮǰǸƣ±ǸõǸƻҪɣǵõʱԼոտǸõĵƵʱſԼⱲӶûôĵơ
ȴû뵽ǿ۽磬¥ϵװΣԶԶǼʮҪ߼ǧ򱶣͸ĲϷԼԼĿԿĵõĶ˰ڷ˼ֱһﻹǮ˵ֱܹˣָʵ
Ҳһֱģ;ȴǳһС飬ҲӱˣǰЩ浹ЩĽԼȷʵԭģǾԲֶͷһʲôԼҪõһеĻǿ׾١
ߵһЩ΢ֵߣһﻹһͷЦſ˿ӦþǸܣֵȫ񣬱Ϊ֮󣬾ûһС⣬һ˧֮ģǰȴһͷ
û뵽һȻһЩոǹÿһǹﭹģҶ߼һ֣ȻǮȻĻҲôɪ
ҳĳ֮԰ЩΪԼǰ԰ڰˣǳᣬֻ֪һԼǰľֻΪԼΪһ𣿺ûô򵥡
ܾһЩıƣǰͷ¸Ǹ磬Ǹ꣬һЩ˵ܣܣصر·һﲻھһ㣬ԼжѧֻǴǸ֮оѾܸץ˳
̰ѳʱЦŽһӵŵǹ棬Ȼ̧ͷ˿ЦЦ˵Ǹ˵нɱ˵Ǹˡܹ
Щˣǲ˼ЩСЩ̫ˣϣ㲻ҪϣʵģǸ꣬Υҵ˼๼ҿɲһɱ㣬Ϊһע˲ţӦ˵ġ


628 ʶ
һﵹǲϲĨǣһͿżɽóЩ⣬ԼҲĺܣ½ԼӦĻҲܴųȥϸĴһΧĻ
һȺҪӳȥĻЩѣԼӦһҪ󣬿½ԼҪ飬ԼⱲӶΪѣΪ˵׬Ǯзȷʵر׺ݡ
ϰ˵ĻЩܳˣ˾Ķ³ܹǿܳĹâô˵ԣ˵Щ¼˵һǶҪߴϼٱɣ
΢΢Ц£ȻԱߵɳϣܵһ裬ų˧գʱЩĶˣֻǵ˵ͷصܵߣһֱϸĴ
˳Ļ֮ЩεЦЦһЩƲԳԷˣµҲû˺ĵزֻԼҪ飬Ǳɱ￴ԼѾ׼һ
͵ҳǲϵĻ㽫Ϸȫһ˱㳯ǸСʹ˸ɫСȻԼϴʲô˼ϽͷȻһ·Ӹק˳һ￴ȥӦҲ˾ˣֻ֪ʲô飿
ȫŹļѾûкõطˣ۾Ŀ־֮ǰ֪ʲôѾµˣǸԼʾأҲãԼҪһܵжı£׻˵ĺãɱ˲ͷأǽԼƼԼ顣
¾ԼẦµģҲû˵ʲôֻЦŽղ˸ԼǱŨ裬˹˵غ̣ȷʵЩ಻סˣֱһߣһǺݺݵһߣһʱͨڵϣȻ̲˵һЩ
ļһƲԳԷƣϴ㵱ֵܣŻȥ£㵹ó⣬˵˵ôźá
⻰˵ģǳȴûκεı飬·ûһ㣬ֻǽǸ豭ŵԭȻڵϵСܣԱߵܣߵСܵߣСܵļ򣬿ǰСܸŻˡ
ֻСʹؽͷڵϣİ˵³ԺҲˣȫҵĴˣӦø³Ÿɣ³ٸһλᣬԺģһúõĸڶ³ߡ
ԱߵЩС˵Ļ֮涼ЩϾǰҲ飬СǻˣΪСܾЩͬ鶼˾ɻ˿û뵽ȷʵĴ£ҪĹ˾ҲˣǱְȻӹ˾ͣȴͬˣµĻô³
ؽСܵ͸ܲŴЦ⻰˵ĻǼ򵥣ÿ˶ÿ˶ϣԭ£ʲô˾ŻʲôϣԣҪ֪ûʲôŵ㣿Ҫ˵ŵĻ¾ֻһǱеȫԼļ¶һ˿ȻѾˣôҲû̸ȥĿˣôӦ֪ҶֻԶ֣
ԭܵĹ˾һ涨СµĻôֻһ³ǾԲãҪ֪涨ȷʵѾΥ˷ɣȴ˸ҹܣΪѾֻ죬ѾЩɷˣΪܾãֻҪԼ˵š
ôʲô鶼ûõģǵǼ£ǱĻ˵ԼڿҪ÷Ҫ꣬Ҳףϵ˿¾ͷŲԼڵЩˡ
͸ӲԼùˣʱԼǵĿɾͲˣϵˣϵ˲һЩ﹥Լ¶Լȫ԰ƽ˵ĻЩʿЩˣԲܿǵģ֮ǰ
˵Ǹ̩ɽˣرĿ־壬һ˵һȻ繴һ𣬵ʱܶѾ׼ָܵԼСΪԼ׼һЩĶ̩ɽ˵֣ҪԼŸ̲ĻԼĻԸˣҲֻȳˣǺ˵ȷʵ̩ɽ˸ˣϢб˷ˣȻ
Ҳкڰ˫ɷϢֻڰ˫ɷӦĳԺ󲻻ϽԼݱ¶ȫͨӶѣʵһߣҲһЩˣҪ֪ԭ֮⣬һﻹһرıڣֽһ죬һ֮Խ֣
Ϊɱ֮УֱӾֻõһ㣬㲻֪ȥˣҪ֪Ϊ˰һھǿǻ˲ٵǮҿһ컹ֺܸŵˣһǮۿģֻҪԷõǮԼ۵ģôͻΪԷ£ȻܵǮƣȻܱȵġ
һҲͳΪܵıڣһ죬ںڵ֮Ҳһţ˵ȥҲǻһЩġ
Ϊ˵ϴҪԼɱˣµС׼Ӵܣû뵽ûСܴطӶԶʱͱǸϵǹһӱ㿪ǹˣֻСԽĳ
ԭѾ׼ˣΪ˰ϷóҲǼЩ˵ǧģûʲô˵ģȻ˵񣬷ܾЩ⡣
Ȼ֪ܸͨ˲ͬ˵ĵȴѾʵԼ
Ҫ֪˾ɱˣôһҲҪһģܲˣǻ˻Сܰһʬ˳ȥűһЩ裬ֱӰѵϵЩѪøɾԱߵǸȴȫˣʱԼθŻ
һҲܵͦῴµģæŮ˵ļŮ˵ĺ󱳣ʱתͷȻɫЩ󣬿վصܵߡ
ǲ˼˵ǿˣոͿΣҲǹⲻȥģҲ֪Ĵ˾ǲܹȫദĻµʱ©ͻԽԽ࣬ʱСȫҵĹϽ˵³ʲôã
ֻܷ·Ǹղʲô鶼ûзһ㣬Цĳ˵
ֻЩĶȴӣһҵķԸΪҵΪҰµĻôһ˾㣬ղŵǸ˾³
û뵽ûк£Ц˵治ǴŵܣȻȷʵܶԣСȷʵûȥĿˣһֱҵЩСҲˣȻˣҵСܵûЩСôЩһƽʱѵˣȫҵķԸΪ˾ӦùƵþû뵽Ҳǻʺ
Щǰܸˣ飬úõĸѣ񵹺ˣǵûѣԼһԹΪģóãԼûд˵ôҪ֪ϴģˣ˵£ǴǾһ㶼á


629 
ȴСܣʵⲢģԭղǸСܣֻΪ˾еһСһЩޣһȻ˽ԴһСܣ˼ҸŪҽԺȥˣ飬ǰܸˣôһ壬һŶӣԼԼС̣ܿҲԼСܵһίһﾹȻΪԼޡ
ֱӰԼͬ£ԼֵܸŪȻԼһȥһɱˣҲܵķΧ֮ڣȴǾãԽһ³ȻرǱϾԼҲҪɿ𣬲ܰ˸շû뵽鲢ԼǸӣǱ˳ЦԼǰܸˡ
Աߵȴվ˵ˣǹ˾ڲ飬Ͼ֪ҲûȨ﷢ԣ³һûκε©ֻΪЩһԼȨ
ûŮ˵ȥܾͽȥ֪ŮҲΪԼãϿվԼߣΪԼܹõˡ
˿ͷϵӱ֪Լûʱ˷ˣȻĻʱСǣ϶Ϲģʱһ񶷣Լɲ˶ԼСܵ˺ΪѹûǸҪԱվܾ˸ԼҲ˼ˣԼĻǾԲܵġ
Լѹܾͼ뵽ܵļһﲻ䣬Ҳûʸ񣬶ԼʲôˣԼϴƾʲôҪܵ˵Ͻľɣڳֵû˾֡
˵ϰ壬ʵǲ˼Ҽﻹе飬²ܹˣȻˣҪлĿôҲҼʶǼŵΰҲˣӰɣԵټ
˵׼תȥû뵽ȴػ˻֣ȻԼЩСܵסȥ·
ʱܲ˹ûĿųغһﻹǲʶ̧٣˵Ҳ˵ˣҲˣû뵽ȻǲϣȻſۣûа취ֻܰҵĹˣܹΪѵˣǱҪΪˣȻǵˣǾûлȥԵģ˵̣ͽˣ
Աߵ̣ѾͲסˣæͷԼϰԸԼˣȻ֮԰ѳΪóһŭʱһѰ·ʱԼͿԳɹĽҵλøˣ񿴵ԼļıɹˣǱˣֻԼеǹ˷ܵľʹѹסֳܷŭӣȻ嵽˳ǰ
ָųҲûһͳ˵˵һǲʶ̧٣ϰĺ뵽Ǽ㵽üȻԼɴүˣҪ֪жǼţǶûлģ㵹ã֪ƲأȻҶϰ岻𾴣Ƕ³˵ģǾҪĹ֪֪ϰ壬ʲô³
˵Լͳ˼ǹЩˣϵʱ򣬳ȷʵ˺ˣԲûиЩһ﷢ִôܼЩ˳Ϊʸ֮ģ
ԸԼİԼ˵һﳯԼǹʱ򣬳һԾһ󣬽űһߣֱӽ̣߷ڵأһǹ˹ԱߵЩСǿԼӳǹ˱㼱æųǹ
Ҫɱû뵽ȴĻӶԼϵǹʱ㽫ڳСһһɱˣ̣ϾҲѧģԵС죬׾پͱɱǶɳ棬ȻֱԼϰܣǸ
ұ㷭ģҪսҵĵߣľǵ𣿼Ȼ˵ҵ飬ӦòҪȥң֪ʱ̩ɽˣǶ޷ҺεģοЩһˣͨͨˣԸҡ
ػӶԼǹֱӽЩСܸˡ
ʱȴͻȻӺǸܣĺһ䣺˵һҪ㵽ʲôʱѵûϾҪҵǮٲң˵Ҫʲôأ
óЩ֣ȻȵһĻ䣬ʱһһ˹ӳնʱ˹ȥҿʱȻĻֱԼ̫Ѩ½͹ˣתʱֻһһɫ·ǲϸĻƲһˣ˻һͷŵǴһ˫ɫЬĵЩһʱѾ˳ⲻǽһֱʢǸԭһû뵽һȻǱΪ飬һϢʱʵǺģ˵һ˻øŮһһĹѾߵ˼㡣
һоͿ˱ΪһõһЩ廨룬ĶܻеһƴֻҪӳȥֱһǸٶܼ֮Щһ֮ʱֻӶͷϣ¶һɫС㣬ѪҺһﱻΪһ졣
ЩҲһԭһ죬òϣһĹɲһܹĹģµʱǸʲôڰ˫ɷǸ̩ɽˣһҲпҪϸĵһµġ
ӴιС˧磬õͦӢģ̫ϧˣ˵ΪʲôϰĻҪվߵĻǾˣϲѣ˧ֺÿ㿴ҳô˵ʲôǲǡ
ΪһˣԭһȻһһŤڳе涼һһ
ӺܣҲʵܲˣԭһߴ˵һͲҪӽˣϿȥʰҸǮ
˵Ǯʱһʲôˡ
ųֱӷɴ̹˲ȴֱӳһЩ룬ɣˣû뵽һŵ¾Ȼַɽһó໥ԿΪһֻʹ룬Ĳ񽭺ԵǸӣֻѶ̽ȥذһ㣬ȷʵ˳֡
һͷ·һ㣬˲ų˺ҧҲǳصģԱһӣ㳯һ˹ãҲûֳʤ
ֻһ˦˦ԼͷȻ޵˵С绹֮ǰС㣬ҵЩˣΪܹҶԵôģֻôһˣʵǿϧңֻ㵽ȥ㵽֮ǧҪŶ
˵ձֱӴԼڣͳ룬Щϵַ·ߣˣһöܵһС
ȻЩ·ǳԴһ㣬ȫ˹˲ȥû뵽ǸһȻںЩߣЩ룬ų
ûа취ֻطϴģǣȴֻܶùЩ룬Ǹûйһİ취Ҫ֪ȥǿǾԲС


630 ȥ
Ҫ֪ԭһ죬ҲǸֱӲκ˷еģû뵽ռȻѴ˴ԭһֱʹԼĹ⵹Щ⣬գǴԭһѳֻоú֡
Ȼ˵ԭһܰǮԼҲǼʶˣһﲢûԼǮԭһ죬Ǿһʮֵ͵ˣôܻ֮ǰԼǸӣôֻһԣԭһ죬ӦǳʲôֵĶԲŻˣһ£¾ֻһԣǱܣһʲô
ͨҲԿóһøǰȫͬˣǰԭһ죬ԼҲ˵ǾһүǶһӣʲôè壬ڿ˿Աܵӣ·飬Ҫ֪Ƕһʲôֽš
ԭһҲôȻһĹôǿԼǸһƽ֣ôճԿģػԼΪϾԭһԼʶûˣôܻƽ޹ʵģҪԼԴ򣬲˱˵Ľ˵ʲôΪǮֻѾϴˣȻһеһиرԭһѾܸϴˣң˼벻ǱйЩǮġ
һŻ㣬һţһŷβܹԭһֹٲһԸԼһĹʵٶ̫ˣЩ룬ֱĳԼ˹ⷴóЩӦӲϾͻȻ֮䣬Ƿ֡
ԭһı󣬷·˸һһĶʱҲˣԭ置Ĺƣ˵ʵܻͦģȻܹҵĶԼǲòҪ֪置ĹƣǿɲһܹҵģЩ置ˣҲһöģ룬ڿܵ˾
ҲȫˣֻҪǮĻϾûа첻飬ֻӶԴԭһ죬᲻е̫ˣ˱ϾҲϵһļһǱһ֪࣬£ܻ˶ñɣ˳ЩڣҪҪԭһ죬һϵǸ置ƸճһǰһɣôҪԼĻһԼԭӦе뷨ûˣԼ뿴ġ
Աһﲻעʱ򣬳Լڴͳһ˿ֱӱ㳯ԭһĲ˹û뵽ԭһʱͱȷʵʲôˣȻˣҲϣϿ콫Լˣô򵥣˳Ʊһı
ʱѾԭһ챳ʮִһӦþǴ˵Ǹ置ĹˣȻ֪ҪĻҪϳһʱ䣬ԼȻѾˣȻһҪɣ˵˳֪ԼһҪõģԭһ졣
һֱһõĻľͲðˣΪҲ֪ԭһͨ˵Ļ¼һǱɣԼһＰʱѣľѰˣԭһԺ֮УЩûôˣΪԭһãֻҪԼǮǴǮôԼܰ¡
ҲΪʲôһһֱΪǵһ֮󣬿¾ԲɣȻˣֻһ뷨ѣǰܣҲͦģοܵһ置ˣӶԸԭһ죬Ϊԭһ졣
ΪԼԼȥɱˣˣֻҪһôԼûʲôúµģΪڣԭһǸǲ֪˶ٵŬЩŬȴǰ׷ѵģΪֻҪ置ƣôԭһûʶҲ˵˵ٶҲֻùˣȻˣȻѾ֪һУ鷢ԭһȥԭһ죬֮ǰ˵Ҳһ֮
ſԽһ׽ѣȵһ֪ԼĴ֮ҲͲٸ֮ǰǸˣǱϾѾһЩ£ʱԼǿͨȰԭһ죬ԭһ첻ѹϾһжһҪģΪһףԼִ֮ˣˣҲͲԭһ̫
ʱҲԼ̫ˣǺϸ룬ԼڰĳЩˣҲͲ룬Ҳĺ£ȻˣôᣬȻǿ԰һģͰһǸ룬ݺݵĴһǸǸʱһζ˳
Աߵ˶ʱ˱ᣬ˭Ҳû뵽Ū֮󣬾Ȼӣ˾رĶģȻˣѾ˲ЩˣֻģԼ׼õЩҩҲǸղųСһﲻעʱ򣬳ǲҩŵԼͷϣȻģҩԼϵĶţŻҩǸֽһ
ȻܹԭһϣտʼԭһƴԸϵģǺҲ֪ôģȻֱӰһĻȥˣԭҩԭһϵʱһرģһҲ͹˲ô࣬ȻҲףΣԼһҪԭһ죬ʹ࣬˱㲻ֱӸһԭһѾ置ĹƣŪЩˣǾǸӲС
ΪǸʹУ̼һԲŻ˰ɣһ·Ƿ˿ֻû뵽һȴܿͻָȻЩֵĿų֮ǰԼΪʲôǸӣ
һҲЩֵģеһУľֻǸ֪ܲԭһ۾ȫǰģǰܸŻˣ׼Ӵܵʱû뵽ȴԭһ׳ļ룬ݺݵϣһҶˣҪ֪ԭһʲôˣ
֮ǰЩһǸ置Ĺƣ޷һƵģȻԼָôܻЩһӰװ׵ĴʧأһҪúõĽѵһЩһǳȴǽһסˡ
ϾЩһֻǿ㹦ǿԲŻģҲ̫⣡ϵǸ置ĹƣѾҸˣ㲻ٵˣ
ЦԭһļȻ˵
ȻһЩοĻԭһǾԹȥģҪ֪ԼʲôˣԼ⽭ǶģԼںڵôãû뵽ȻԼͷϺΪŭԭһ졣
Ȼô룬ԭһԲκԼʵĶ˱㲻һֱӳ嵽ܵǰȻ볯ܵԴݺݵȥʱʹ̶Աߵ̡


631 Դ
ԭһҪ֪ԭһʲôˣôܻ򲻹һأȻˣϾ̣ҲѧһЩģܸԭһûмغϣֱӱһȵڵϣȻеһѳֱӴԼڰ˳ݺݵĳ̵Դϴ˽ȥʱѪֱǰΣǰܸŻˡ
رĺڣͲӦԭһ죬ڷˣԭһָԼ·һʵҲúĳЩ⣬û뵽һȻ㣬ҾȻֱӽ̸ɱˣȻҲԭһ죬һرĺܶ࣬û뵽ȻѾ̶ֳȣҸղһﲢûʹʹñĻ¸Լ໥ԴԼʤҲ֪ж٣ǣȴãһ￴ǲܹȥ
ȻĻԻвõӰ죬ϾΪܵǣѾһǸ˼ȫˣ˵ˣΣһҲӣΪЩˣҲ˾һѪ·ãȻԭһֱӸɱˣǸ׼ߣû뵽ȴֱӱԭһץסͷʿĵطֱӻһʮֳۣ˹ȥԼİŮ˾Ȼˡ
ǰǰܸˣļһôӶԴԼŮˣҪ֪ԼˣŮԼİģҲ˲ֱӴԼһѳǹȻ׼ԭһɱû뵽Լȴǻûԭһ죬ֱӣԭһץסԼ֣Ȼ˦һԣǰǹ๾ĹԱȥˡ
ʱ֪ԼܹԴˣ˱ֱӳԭһһƣԭһʱסˣΪǸԼһģû뵽ھȻЩˣԼӾЩ̼ˣ¾͸ӵĲ˵ˣԶܻгǿǺ֮ǣͲðЩȫɱԹ˲ֱӳ˹ȥû뵽ʱȴͻȻԼĲԶܵ³˹ǽһˣҪ֪Լڽʲô鶼ûЩһȴס
ֱӽԼץܣȻԼɱ֣ԼʲôˣԼĵһҪ֪Щ˼ԼҪӴҵģܵãȻԼԼŸɣԼеǹŭ𣬿Ȼǲ˵ˣĴǿˡ
ģƫƫûа취ֻܹﱣܣȻܵɱԼǳ֪»ҪԴΪأǰֱӸɱĻʱҵ԰ˣҪʧȥԼңܣ˵Ǹ֮ˡ
ֲò˵һˣĻᣬһǰ˺ܶ£ҲֲˣһЩ̫רᣬҶ˵ҲǲôںʱҲò˵ˣôһ᲻Сڡ
οԴӼܵʱ򣬳֪һﲢϲ˽ˣֻΪ˴ﵽԼĿĲֶΣԭһҪܸɱˣҲҪȵܰеȨһεˣĻʱܵĹ˾ȫ
٣ˣ֧ţ˵ˣֲˣõĻ֮󣬰ͲÿܣϿ콫Ȩǣ˾ˣϾҲǲ˽ġ
һʱ֮䷴ǲ֪ĸֲźãǺ뵹Ҳǣˣ˾һֱĬĬŵģֻϧһƽƽһֱû٣һֵ£Ҳֵܵ£һɾǺöꡣ
һƽʱԴԼЩҲرõģûµʱ͸ԼһЩ֮ĶҪ֪ʱǾԲܵģҪǱ֪Ļǿ군ˡ
һԼԱ˺ã˵ˣ˶˺ã˲ù˾ֳӣҿ˾Ӻã֣Ҳû˾ܵˣ˵ˣһֱǮģԼ˶ǮջܰԼ֮ǰЩǮȫҲò˵һ£Ȼˣǿ£ܹܲ졣
˾ܹŵڣǿϧǣһܹҲǵԭһ죬ǵɱ֣һһ־ٿˣ۶˭˵һ裬¶ڳ˵Ҫ飬ҲǻԼܲ˵ģԼ˵رˡ
ҲñѽԵȵԭһ֪֮ƴҲҪܸɱˣֻҿǵܵĹ˾ԲŻٰӣ鲢ûô򵥣ΪֵĻͿ԰һסǾԲܵģ˵ܹԭһƥ䣬ԭһô˵Ҳϻôá
ںڵҲһģҲԲ书֮£ȻˣһȷʵΪˣΪѾó౦౦ʱԭһ쳹סˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪļһҪ֪֮ǰһȥҹң˵ҰļһȥԸЩˣҲûͬ⣬ڵãȻЩֱӰļһԸң治֪ôģѵ㿴һҲɱ
֮ǰԸԭ򣬼ǵĻӦøһ𣬽һɱˣҪּ֪һֻΣᣬһɱ˴ǲգ۵ģ˵ǰҲˣǺһЩ˼֮ұ㲻ˡ
ֻԭһ쳯Ъ˹ش
ȴرߣô£ΪʲôҪļһˣļһǸʲôȳ˭ģ
Щ֮ҲεҡҡͷԼγӣԼҲûа취ϾһҪ˾ȥȻĻ˾ľûκδĿˣԼôΪԼΪЩҪʧҵˣȻˣʵԼҲӵġ
֪رߣļһȻӶ㣬Ĳò˵ȻһдҲȫȷģ˵һɱ˵ĻôЩҲȫʧҵˣ֪ʹһĲò㣬һﴴôһ˾ҲΪһôԸһ¼˵һһ㱾¶ûеĻṫ˾ûһˡ
ЩʵԭһסˣҾЩ﹤Ҳǵ˵ͷȻܣһǶرĺݣһԱòûŭԼô·һȻԼҲ׵ģԼٶ࣬ܣҲԼ࿴


632 ʵ
˾û˵κε˾ǮҴûжԱκεƽĴȻ֮ǰ֮԰ǸԱɱˣΪǸԱ˽ǾԲģԲŻᵱǸһɱˣһеһʵܰźõģŷչģȻȴͬˡ
Ͼ˼ԭһڵϻĺúõͻȻͱܸץ˻Ȼʲô置ĹƣȻԭһɱˣϸͳƣԭһ죬ΪһãѾ֪ɱ˶ٵĴϰ壬Ҫ֪ԭһ֮ҪܸɱˣΪ˰ȥҲЩɱ֪ʵ֮ǰԼ뷨
ǱһˣЩ˾ϰ壬ҲһЩһѰԼĻʱԼ˭Ҳ˵壬ο֮ǰЩһﲢ֪ԭһ챳ϰܣ˵ԭһӰװ׵ĳΪܵĵһڹǻ˭¶ǲԸӱģԭһ죬ŻʹܣҪܸɱ
ֻ˳Щ֮󣬶ʱסˣҲԭһסˣΪԼҪɱܶóԭһɱԼǸղŵһȷʵԼȻ򣬶ʱҲ֮ǰԼһǴģ׼Ǹʱ
û뵽ԭһ컹ǳ˹ֱӰһӸˣóˣҪ֪˵˵Ϊ˱ľΪһһҪ֪ȻһĲֱϲһôĴ£ԼҲ˵Ϊ˱ģΪ˾еˣ˾ЩԱԼϰӱ˸ɱ֮󣬶ʱ㷢ŭˡ
һ㳯ԭһ˹Ҫ֪ЩԱֻԱֵصһЩ˰ˣû뵽ԼлԳΪ˾ԱΪܣЩһܹҵڵĹҲΪʲôЩ˶Ǹжµԭ򣬿Ҫ֪ȴԭһɱˣЩһȻǲܹˣ˱ȫⷴǰԭһһӣû뵽ЩһȻô壬һԼϰӣԼҲǳصġ
ΪܣԼôϽ·һеһȫΪܣȻ˵ĻͲҪԼ˱׼е볯Щһ˹ȥҪ֪Щ˱ֻͨԱôֵܻԭһ죬ʱмֱڵϣ֮ǰ˵ǸӣЩһ֮ǰֻ϶һˡ
ĵطȫõģǱŭЩһֻ֮ΪЩӻϰˣҪԭһ챨û뵽ԭһȻ߶ʮһֱӰЩȫɱˣеĵֱ޲ѣȻ˳ף֮ԻӣҲΪǸܷҪȥ˼ң˼ұϻĺúõģȴһɱ֡
˵һܣ˭ԸΪһܰɣҲѹԭһᷢŭǾǷŭҲԽŭȫЩɵ˵ϣ˱˹ȥЩ˸ЩЩԱûҵԭһĶ֡
˵ϿסְɣЩ˸ûʲôϵֻ˼Ҵϰɱˣ˼ҿ϶ģЩ˸ɱ˵ĻǱĲǣҪǴڵϣʱȫûˣһ˸ǿ˾Ȼ۸Щ޸ˣ˾øЦ
һﷴԭһ޻˵Ͼ˵ĻģǰЩԱͨĴֻ뵽˾ԲڵݣЩһҲΪԼɱԼϰ壬ǺȻһӣԼƾʲôӰװ׵ıãǱ֮
ѵɱԼҲдԼʲôԼԭһЩɱ뵽֮ԭһЩˣֱӰγԼеıҪ֪һ˵ֻҪԭһγ֮󣬾֤ԭһѾŭˡ
֮ǰɱǸ̵ʱҲӵģǸʱѾܣƵ˾·ϣû뵽ԼһӢͻһȻҲû뵽ΪԼǿ԰ܸġ
ȴûдԭһн˸ȳҲЩΣһξԲһóˣ첻Լͳǰѵ౦ʱ˱ɱԱߵЩԱġ
ǿԼԱߵڵϵЩԱŵøϽƨ뿪ˣǸһֱ￴ţﵣĳİΣЩûûεˣڲ֮䣬һʮֵĵĿԼ浹һ˿ůϾԼΪЩ˲Żһƴ
ЩһȻֱԼȻߵˣֻôһΪԱߵһԭһҪһ֣Ҫ֪ԼƴûзֵóʤԽʣɾͺðˣ뵽֮ԭһ㲻ƴɱ
ֱһǰ׼סĲӣû뵽ʱȴǴԼͳһذףȻԼǰѹһûκεķģԭһֱӱذ״̴ȻһѪȻ㵹Աߣ֮ǰҲرԹޣΪʲô
ԼôĸֶûбɱȻһ޸֮ˣǱɱˡ
ֻߵԭһǰȻһ˵ʵҲһʶģ̫ˣϾ˾ܹܣҪǰ˼Ҹɱ֮ЩԱúȥδӣЩԱļָ̫ûͷˣҲѹֻıӦ
˵Щ֮󣬳㽫ǰذ׼ԭһһԶ۾
֪ΪʲôʱԭһԺȻԼǰεΣԭԭһ컹һʮָе˼ңԭһȴҲֻһķĺӣڼк˿𣬶ԼĸһţԼĸ˵ǸСţ˵ˡ
һߣֻΪǸĸ׿һкΪԼ׵ǸţûԣԼ֮׿϶ر˵ģǸȷʵһֱԼٰĵѣҪԼĸ׸ĥĻԼܹ䵽ŵУȻ֪ǲܹԭһɱġ
ΪԭһĸǾԲģҲֻԭһĸ׵һЩֽţˣȵһʵĻ֮ĴžȻֱԭһĸ׳ԵǸҩһЩ˪ֱӰŮ˸ȥʱԭһҲֻ߰ꡣ
Ҫ֪ôСһӣۿԼĸˣжܣֵǣӾȻ޶ûпޣֻӹԼĸ׵λǰʱѾСӸˡ


633 ô
׼ֵʱû뵽ʮְԭһ죬ȻֱӳŮ˵ĸ첲ݺݵĸҧһڣôҲˣҿԱߵЩ˰ԭһԲŻŵĸ첲ûбҧϣȴһĺۼԴ֮žͺ޲ðԭһֻҪԭһĸ׳ȥôŮ˱ҵһЩɡ
ʹĳͷԭһ죬ǵȵԭһĸ׻֮ȴװûӣһݺݵؾЩˣչԭһǸ裬˵ԭһ츸׵ĻôЩȫûкùӳԣҶ֪Ů˵ʱԭһĸףŮ˸Ūˣ˵Щˡ
ЩһֻܹտڲᣬǿСһﱻŮ˺ݺݵĴʱʵЩ˵رĿԭһ죬ֵǣŮô֣ԭһȴһԣ·ǴԼϣһ㶼ʹƵģѾѪԭһƨˣȻˣȵԭһ츸׻ʱ񶾵Ů˾ȻֱӽǸҩ
ԭһƨϣ˵ԭһ첻СģԼƨɸˤˣԼȻ˺˵ȥԭһҽһСһҩһ˵ŻһԭһԴȴԭһݺݵ˦һȥˣԼ׻ǹƽģû뵽Լ֮󣬶ʱ׸ŭˣȻݺݵĸԼһƣ˵ţչԼԼôʶôȻײ
ԱߵǸſΣװţһ˵飬ԭһԿóŮ˵֮дһЩ˵ǻãڿ㻹ʲô˵㸸ײڼҵʱҿԺݺݵĽѵ㣬ǵ㸸׻ˣȴԾҪܵƽĴ˭ĸǸСãǰԭһˣֻСһԱһѿ
㳯Ů˿˹ȥΪû׼Ҳû뵽СһȻˣžĿˣʱԭһҲֻ߰ӣԼűɱˣǰԭһĸ׸ˣֱ˰ԭһص˲ȷ˵Ӧֱ˽ȥȻԸȥ˭Ҳ׼ӳԶȻĻֱҪЩһ˼֮ԭһ춼ԼˣҪȥԼǸĸˡ
û뵽ʱ񷿵ȴͻȻˣֻչԼǸ裬͵͵ضһˮȻԭһˣȻĨһᣬ׼ȥû뵽ʱԭһȴǰٰİϣ԰ԼȥԼܹˣԸطȥԼĸ׾˶ԼȴֱǸĸӶԴ
ûбҪסȥԼ϶ҪˣЩ֮ǸտʼסˣһС˵ĺܶԣοԼСչԭһ죬ȻԭһǺиģƴȥԼҲһҪԭһȳȥ㲻һУԭһ壬ջһСѾͷˡ
Ȼԭһĸ˵ˣԭһĸױһȺ׼СӸץסû뵽ԭһѾƳȴԼ壬ݺݵضסţЩ˳ȥԭһȴֻĿţ豳ԼǸĸףǸ£һӸˣԼʱǵѪ
ΪʲôǶԼõȫҪ⵽ıӦԼȴܹˣ˱㳯ԶȥҲ֪˶ãһֱǰܣվȻһƬԭԭ֮ϣʱһǽУǰԭһŻˣΪԼͻû뵽ȻһãϴʮֲõˣԼ˽ֽ̻Լ򣬾ԼڽľһЩŶһ飬ȻֱӻԼĸס
Ҫ֪ʱԼĸѾˣ춼Ѱԭһ䣬ô˵ⶼԼĺӣԼֻôһӣԭһ֮ԭһĸҲҹţǶûãԭҽһЩŮûãΪԭһĸס
ѾûⱲҲֻԭһˣû뵽ԼӵʱϼһĻϲ׼ȥԼӵû뵽ͻȻԼһֻۣһѷļ⵶ֱӴ̽Լ࣬ԭһȴޱ飬Ҫ֪Щ˵ԭһһ㶼ûǣţԭһͽȫɱˣҲΪǸ𣬸ˡ
˵ԭһ첻ֵĻ´Ƿ񶨵ģԼĸɱ֮ԭһ˺üϵجΣǰǸѪĸףԼǰҪԼ
ʵԼҲرĺڣ뵽ЩޣľѾ޸ɱ˫ۣڽ֮ϱһɱ˶ħõЩҲرľȣֻһ廨룬ͿԽ˵Դ̴ֻһۼ
ԭһˣڿԱ߼ѾȫɢЩԱĺΣ¸Ǻã
ȺˣԼڹ飬Ǹһ֪ȻĻԼ԰ܣ˿һֱЩ浹⣬ԾЦһ£ղһﻹǶԼرҳϣû뵽ȻһֱػԼȻԼһֻһ֮Եԭںܾ֮ǰͼһһǰȥǸ衣
;һЩС죬һﳤʮֵĺ񣬺ܺ۸ӣˣǼСֱӽһȫߵڵϣԼĶ˸ŪڵϣȻȥֻظû뵽ȴȺСһȺȭߣ֮࣬һСȻֱͳһѵɵ
ۿҪһͱ˹ȥʱȴͻȻ˳һŽǸСߵһԣһһ٣һȷʵһֱѳˣܳˣûзϣֻû뵽ղԼԭһɱʱһȻֱԼԱ߹սһΪԼһѺóرĸжϾԽԽˣԼˡ
˵һôҪǸղԭһİɱˣĿԶûˣԱѾˣҲӦøЩһȫ뿪
Լĵ౦ϵѪҺĲøɾȻַŵԼĽų˵
ЩµĽԼŵǸӵԱߣȻߵ˳ߣų˵ǾԲ뿪ģ֮ǰΪ˵ĻѾڵϣ֪ȥˣҪػţһֱʤΪֹ
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ҲΪˣǾһպÿԳΪ˾Ķ³ΪһԹ˾ȫָƣҲرĿףرĺ񣬿Ⲣһȱ㣬һŵ㣬ʱЩʵʵеմ˾Ͳͬˣڹȴһ˿
һ㶼ûнԼǸ̬ȸᵽǺܾԳŻرһֻһӣӦͨ˳ĻֻЩԱŷһģڷҪˣϾ֮ǰЩڵСǡ
ȫԭһɱˣԶ˵Ѿһ룬ֻͨ˵Ĺ˾ôֻҪԼһЩ棬ǼһͶĻˣտʼ϶ҪһЩͷϾֻǴһε³ģ˭
˵һԹ˾˽ôǴأȫ˽⣬ҸĻش𣡡
ԱߵɳϣȻЩఢ̣Щʬȫ˳ȥųǰʵ
ЩʱסˣǼæ˵ͷȻһֱڸλϣǹ˾飬Ƕ³ʱҲңܹҽ˾³̣ȫ档
Щʵóʹ죬һԵˣô˵ĻֻҪ˾ȫиʵˣôԼľûʲôˣȻˣԼҲ˶ʵˣһ۸ģ˱һ¹ѻԾߵһ飬еԱȫټýҪ֪ýǿܹ˵ġ
ֻԱҲ٣мǧˣʱվýߴȻֽһֱ˼ĸŵµЩˣΪĿ̫ǿˣԵµЩ˱˽
ǱһֱֲӸסˣŵЩһϽ죬ٺ˵˵ˣЩԱطѾôãôܻ᲻֪ģΪµ쵼ˣΪ˾Ķ³ɣ
ɤӣȻų˵Ҳˣ֮ǰǸ쵼ˣҲǸܣ³Ѿˣ˾ܹһû쵼ˣԽһԽܵˣǾǰҲ˽ģһ¶رĿףҲǺֻ˲ʺϽλã֪ʲôûУĻֱ˵һ
ʵѾµˣһһЩϲµˣԼȻո£ͼмŭܵ棬ӷ·ΨҶЩһ֮ǰӦҲ˾
ڸ߲֮İɣóŶˣǰΪ׵һ²ܣһƽʱϲ䣬ϲ۶֮һֱλβΪѾ͸һУԲûһ£ֻµλãΪһССHR
Ȼǹ˾ȷʵûʺ쵼˵ѡ֮ǰǶ³Ҳû˵бѡˣһǾøûʸ񣬲ôҲҪܹ˽˾λѡҾӲſԣȻĻֻǴλ˵޷ŷ֪Ǿأ
ֻһﰺͦأһ쵼ӣһΪԼ˾ˣûȨ﷢һ
ԭһһֱǾԼرˣһ;ã˾ֻҪԼһ㲨˵Ļ£λÿ϶ԼĪˣȻûô򵥣ûгĻһﻹпܳΪ˾쵼һﻹĴ
ǾѰ·˵˳ôܿһ۾Ͱһĵϸ͸ˣԭһ֮ǰһЩݹϵԴЩ˷Уأ
ͱӣҿܻǸܹµģҲûиһһܸߵλãֻµϣϾҲҪһԼ˵ķϣȻˣɾûô˵ˡ
ֱһǰĳһһۣû뵽ֱӰһŵûһӣҪ֪˭֪ʱ԰ԭһˣЩ˲֪ʵǳԭһɱˡ
ȻˣȻǿƣû뵽һȻλãɲܴùĵʱˣ˭ҪǵõλãԺɾܹٻ󣬾Ϊ鷢ŻȥЩĸλãΪֻˣܹƽ
οԼõˣǾԲԼʧģ˵ڳУһԳΪܸõ³ΪȻǿһ㣬ǾǶԱ̫ˣȴˣһһǻֺðͽˣֺðͽᣬȴǱ˿ڣ۰ԼȻԼ˾رأֻˡ
ſ˾Ȼ˾ΪһУԲžλýǳҲһʮִǱ֮ǰܣΪʲôֻһΪأףԭΪһʵ̫ʵˣԼȷʵϲʵˡ
⻰˵ĵͦ˼ģȻǹƽۣͰ뷨˵ʲô˲ſ³λأ
ûֱӷƢߵܵǰ
棬ǿǽһʮֵĵǣҲԼ˵ĻὫԼֱӸˣ룬ƴǲһĻⱲӶûˣ˱ֱߵ˳ǰӰͦأǸñ˰ѰһֱӸ¶ޡ
Ȼ˵ˣҾͰҵ뷨ȫ˵ֱܹصеģǱˣңҪ֪ұ³ǾݹϵԴһ˵Ѿȫʤ˱ˣҲ֪ģ˾ϣǱϾҪһЩѪԵϵ˭¶ûбҸӺʵˡ
벻һȻ޳ֵܵزȻˣȴûж˵ʲôΪ֪Լ˵Ҳ档
һԼ֪ѶˣֻһУҪı£ΪϾֻøԼ¸¶ôԼſԣվ˵ȻĻԵԼЩ̫Եˣ˵ˣԼͲ˾ģͻȻ˵


635 м
˾˶Լʱ򷴵ǺԼøǺʵģ˭ֻ֪ôֻǿ˿Ȼ˵һЩñرŷĻҪ֪ղҿȻĻЩѾԭһУ˶ЩһﻹǺصģֻڹ۶ϣҲס
ôÿ˶ҪԼܵΪԼԾȫģһ˱վߣһЩվ²ߣ˫ԳƽϾҶ֪²˵ģѪԵϵĻҿ϶ȫ֧²ˣôܻռһߣƽʱԼرĺá
ܹЩбκ˶ˣЩҲվ˱ĵطȴƵģҲΪ˱ģΪ˵Ļ͸ӵĺð죬ϾԼΪһҪ뽲ƽһ˻˵ܹЩŷǱˣܵţԭѾ绰ŮˣҲǲģһӸһš
ֻ̫Сˣǳûһ죬˸ԱϾ˾ȷʵܽģ˲ûĸ˵ֳǸ²ܻͦģ˾ֻԼܵѪԵϵףİĻԼܵأû뵽ԼɩԼֶӣ˾ʱ
ڿ˿ԱﳯԼЦĳжʱòãԼҪܵ飬ԼڲѣȻֻȥŮˣȻְСҲ˹СӿȥҲֻӣȻ˳֪СӻԾܵźúõؿӡ
شɩˣѾˣһ̯ӵ飬Ҫֲ֧ܹɣֻһˣ˵˵ĻñǱϾ֮ǰѾӦ磬ζҪ˾ٺãһ֪ɩԸԸӣȻûѪԵϵȴرʵɿ֧˾ĻٺòˣȻȵӳ֮˾վǻصϣֻ֧š
Ҫ֪Ů˵ԼϹʱѾæģ֪ôźˣиԸվ֧ԼһܹסԼϹȻԼûκε˵ˣ֮ǰҲ˵ζ˾䵽һЩС˵ԼǸһҲ²ܣѾˣԣֱӾһǰ˵ͷֳ֮еԱ˵һЩ
ظλ֪ǵĶ³ҲҵϹѾˣҲرѹûа취ʲôĹ˾ȻҪ֧ȥ֪ǻھЩȺףǱӳİţΪĻǶ³Ļζ֧øλõģ
ЩڳȫסˣжʱҲһף߷ɳĻ²ҲûκȨ˾õУԸղ׼վһߵЩˣʱȫصߣվ³ķ˵ͷҴӦζúõĽ˾һڸͳıá
ӿЩò֪ˣϾԼֻһҲûʲôݵλһͨˣͻȻΪ˾³붼Щͻأ׼ƴǵʱͿ˿۾˼ԼҳĻԼǰٷ֮ٵӣҲûٶ˵ϽͷȻԱǰ
ԼǰǸʵ˻ȻȴǺ˵һЩȻⲢһΪ˶³֮󣬾ͽǰеĺƷȫӵˣǰ֮ǰ˵ģ¹ѻ𣬱Щ֪ԼȻĻԺԼϽ˾ǶѾ
˲Żӣ֮дһЩ࣬ڳȫ˵һ仰û뵽ȥƽʱʮֺϽûܹᲢأ
֪Ƕ³ˣǵﶼرѹǹ˾ȷʵܹ˶ͣҪ֪ǶҪǵļͥҲˣ˵ҳΪ³Ƿĺˣһᰴ֮ǰı׼ҪԼϣҲܹͬЭúõİѹ˾ǵĹ˾Ҫ˶䡣
Щ˷θĻʱڳȫʹĵͷҪ֪ȷʵˣϾ˾ѾôˣζǾԲܹġ
˵ģ˭˶³ԼǶҪվ˾ǶȣȻĻĲ᳤ãҴжףʵ˶³֮󣬶Щ˻кôġ
ûΣգǰµһЩõϰ׻ˣûУе˶֪һǺʴȣȴرĶ³ɾͺðˡ
Ǹ²ܣرķߺޣֻһ֮дһĮȻ֪Ƿһ뿪ĻһﵽʱһŸɣһԸ⡣
ˣֺٻƽʱԼȨѹ˵ļһ˾ԲּܹһԼ߾ˣǱһѽһڵϣű㳯ʹ˸ɫԭղ˾Ѿ˰챾ǲ밴ճĻ²ǰȫ˵ģû뵽ȴ
˵²ܣЩ飬Ҳ˵ģûа취ϾѾ˾ܵвֻܸ㣬Լ־ܰɣ㷸˹˾ôǮΪǶ֪ЩǮ³Ȼڵ²ܵλøҿճȻ̸ǹô򵥣Ҫٶ˵ĻҾֱӰȥ죬ҶѾ御ˣ
˵ߵˣһѹȥиӶˣȻڹûʤùһ
ʱ򸱾ųͷϾԼȫճĻȥˣԳӦòٹԼ
һｫеĹȫź֮ߵ˳ߣȻʹĿһͷʱѳˣŵóϽһʲôŲҪԼɱ
һҪһݣĻǹ˾ľ군ˣ֮ǰ˵һ˾÷չȥ˲ؼǰĶ³Ȼбһ㣬ȴر⣬Ҳѧһ㣬뿪֮һһ˾ЩԺЩҪ鷳ģϣǧҪƴǣȻĻЩⲻȥˡ
ˣһǺԼ뿪֮Щ˻᲻ԼķԸһǶˣΪӸղЩ˵֮пԿóһǸ²ܸѹȥʱе˶Ƕߵĳݣ˾Լ뿪ˣЩҲǾԲҵģοܵѹ͸ӺðˣŮ˿ûиղſȥôͨΪŮ˵˼ҿһﲻǸһΪһˣԳҲġ
һļ򣬳Ц˵˵һͲҪˣĺˣ϶õģο֮ǰĹܹôãĻ㾡ȥ³˾ͺˣŮ˿ָġ


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Ȼ֪ʲô˼ΪʲôҪԼȥѯ³أŮӦĸôܶԹ˾˽⣬֪ǰܹ˾ôá
һĹͶŮ˵ģܱȫǸʲôʵеȫŮ˳ģҲܵţŮ˵ûϹʲôѧ֮ģȷʵһҪ࣬֮ԻŮ˸Ȣˡ
ΪԼ׵ԵʣҲֻΪŮ£ʵǵԼŮ˵һʱбѾˣŮ˿϶Լδҵаġ
ܲŻŮ˸ȢˣȻģŮԼҵƽƣֻһС˾İŮ˵ĻȥȻ˾һһʵղ˵ʱܵžѾˡ
ҿվԼһģȻĻʱܵһϳȻ˵Щ
Ϊ֪ܵԼ˾ĻʱԼԼӣһΪʸ֮ģľûôðˣ˵ԼȷʵܴǶԴô˵Ļ
϶Щģǽ˾Ļǿɾûôˣе˿¶ᱼһȥҲԼԼں浱һˣȻˣԼѾ뵽һ㣬ҲΪԼ㣬ʵҲûʲô
ûʲô۶Ů֪ĲŸɣҲ֪ˣȵԺԼĶӳˣĿԽ˾ˣһ϶еģ˵˾ԼģԼϹԼһһ㴴ҵģռ죬ǿ»ûǸ£ҲǿһУԲŻ˶³
һǰ˵סˣһʱ֮䲻֪ôӻźˣûʱһϻˣֻЦһļȻһ⳵صô飬ҲرۣЩĺ䶯
±ԼĻҪɣֵֻ֣ЩˣûйѰԼ˵ĻһһЩõľ죬һһȺóġ
ֻƾԼݣҪЮˣ˵ѹƱˣСͼʶˣЩ죬ϴһȥһǸҲһֱţñ˿ȥʱ;Ȼ𾴣еĵľֻԼ֪ˣǵԼϳеʱʱԼУſڣһֱȥģ˵ĺˡ
Ѳ߿ûл֮飬û뵽ȴǽԼȨһЩ飬ΪڳԺǿɼǵúΪʱۿ졣
һƯСŮֱקһȻʱ֪ʲôǵСŮʱѾȫ˺ۣ·ϾȻմѪҺر⡣
϶۸ŮȻŮ뿪֮Ŵſ˳ʵŵڣףļһ
ȻֱӰǸСŮXXOOˣҿǸСŮѾϳˣСһĺӣĻΣյģҪһֱӸϣȻˡ
ʱ˵СŮļҳҵѧУκ˶벻顣
СŮ˵ʱû뵽һȻֱŹСŮĸĸһ˵СŮǳݣȻĻԼͿʱСŮץߣû뵽СỤ̊˲˵Ȼٴαץˣ³»ӵĲңǵڶε̣
Ҳ֪СŮĴˣ;رĺڣԼûôȻĻ϶ȥһ鵱Լ죬Ҳ󿴵èһ¿ȫͬˣϣĻкµĶֻк³Ķɣ⼸ٸ飬ԼֱҪЩ˵
û뵽Լ˼û˳ȥȴǰм죬ｫһŮ˸Χסò˵Ů˵ģǿһģһȣ¾ѾûܹȵϵģټǸεСֱԵߵ˵һǶܸߵģǿŮ֮󣬶ʱЩ˿ˮֻЩӣرĶġ
˵ЩʲôϽ뿪ǼȻǾ죬ͲҪ飬ȻĻֱӵȥǵľֳǻҲӶңǸˣҪǰһĻҾֱһͷײ
ŮȥӦǸѧģұȺΧʮֵΪһ񾯲죬ǶΪģû뵽ȻɫԵĽԼΧסˣԭŮոմѧУ׼ȥԼͬѧѾԼ˵տȥտ
û뵽;ȴǲСײһ죬Ů˺ݺݵĴһ٣ǵŮĻòʱ򣬶ʱֱסˣűһЩ۶Ҫ֪Լ£±˾ٱ˱ԱѲߵļȫ˹
⼸ƽʱװŸƵģȴ¶ֱЩƦåҪģ˼ЩƦåС죬ͷдԼС죬Щͷдž졣
ȴЩСǶȲϵģֱ⼸˱㽫ŮѧֱӸסˣŰŮѧֱӸϵһȻ缸úõ档
Ҫ֪Щƽʱǿûʲô˼ѲߣЩ˶ܣЩɶܣֻ￴ЩҪģ˵ֱӳȥʵЩ͹ܲùܵ飬ȴԾװźӣȥ˼
ֱⷣ׼ģֻΪҪǮˣЩҪǲĻͻᱻЩνľ죬һȭߣʵЩ˲ʲô죬ǹߣҪ֪Щߣƽʱž·ĸô¶Ƶģÿ춼ĴתƣЩСֱ̯ӳȥ
ǰ˼ҵ̯ӸˣȻ󿴵ֵǮĶֱӸˣҲЩ࣬ǽǮǲǮǮŶǮĻֱӰĶ÷飬㻹Ҳ̯ӣϣЩСأǸЩȫһ
ƽʱЩСߵĵӣȻЩѧУĵطȥձѣǮ֮ٻƽ֣ѾֵزȴԾû˸ҹܣϾⶼѾ˾ռߵģοߵͷͷһֽдġ
Ҫ֪ƽʱԼµȥʲô飿Ϊ֮ƽԭֻͷӣ壬棬쵼Ҳһ˵Ȩˡ
Сһʮֺõģһһ򲻰κ˷У˲ŻԼЩСܣҲЩ


637 
С⻰˼ˣȥʲôѽҪ֪ǵϴǿϴ󣬾ȥľЩҲֻվߣ컹ǹԹԵģǳȥ棬ȻͲ˺㣬ȻĻҲ֪ʲô飿˵ǲǣ
˵һ㳯Ǽǵ˵ͷ
û뵽ϾȻôҪʱŮѧ֪˵ʲôˣۿŮѧҪ߸ˣû뵽ͻȻӺ棬һȭͷˣеǸΪ׵Ĺߴڵء
ЩһʱЩסˣû뵽ȻƻԼĺ£ȻԼҪŮѧߣǲˣǰݺݵһ٣⻹пܵģЩ߱ȫӵ׼ѳڵأû뵽ȴһߡ
Щ˺ݺݵߵһߣҪ֪ԸЩ˻СһЩߣƽʱ۸۸ˣΪÿ˶СͻȻһʱŵƨġ
ǸŮѧŵøϽ˳ЩڶԼΪŮԼʱ򣬶ʱЩסˣǲ֪˵ʲôˣϾԼȻҲǺжŮ̫ƯˣѹЩҲ˵ֱ׼Ůˡ
ȻˣЩ߱ͻȻݺݵشһ֮ŭ𣬿޴ͷţʱһֱ߱Ӵ绰ˣЩ֮дǸϴ󣬶һЩСǣеСϢ֮ȫ˹ǹԼЩС죬һЩ˾ۼһ
׼ɵҪ֪ҲǸʡ͵ĵƣųۼˣǵĻŮѧԼνǱϾŮѧǸŮ
Լһ»ûʱչŮ˿Աһ⴮ģŮһŮϰ壬֮ǰԼ⴮Լ԰ŮиŮϰ壬˱㳯Ů˵һЩ
Ҫһ񶷣ˣ̾͵ϰĵȥ۷ʲô飬ǧ򶼲ҪϰǺѣһѲĻ͵͵߾ˣЩһҲҲģ
ЩŮѧرжʱЩʹˣŮѧи֣ĽݴĽݴǿѧУУƽʱرߣ˷УΪŮ˵һֱȫǻռԼıˣҲԼļͥйΪԼ赱ʱܵ˵˺Ծһ˴ԼĽݴ
ζܹ߽Լ񵹺ãΪ飬ĽݴȷʵװװԼ棬û뵽ϣȻôӢˣһΪԼ
ϧҪ֪ڿǺңԼȻѾ˵Ȼǲ֣ȴǳԼһĽݴҲֻðķԸȻ⴮ĵ棬ʵ⴮ϰѾԼʹɫ
ϰ㼱æŮѧ㵽˺棬Ůѧʲô鶼ҪҵʱЩҹĻֱӴߣһš
Ľݴߵʱ򣬻˿һųһʮЦݣóǱˣµȴóЦˣΪǰѾӵرСܡ
ȥҲϰٺˣЩСǰĲǱˣȻνĹϴֽģȥӦЩˣû뵽ּһȻϻ죬ҲûʲôӣҲֻһͷӰˣһȴܾԼȻʵۻҪÿ춼ҪЩطӲ죬Լ˳۵ģһֱóԼǸݺݵİ˳۵Ķ˵ʵҲֻǴ򵹣Ǵڵأǵõʱһ̫̫Լҵĺʵչ涨
ֻҪǽǮͿﷷģû뵽ΪСģһӣʱһŭˣȻֱӽ̫̫ĺȫӵ˵ϣýźݺݵزҪ֪̫̫ģǿȫԼոժĺ棬Լҵͷӵ˲
ûЩ滻ǮĻľֻ·һˣû뵽Լò׳ѾշˣҲǸǱ߽һЩãΪúõ档
û뵽ȻԼеͶɹọ̈̄ˣǲԼĻԼطҲͺˣΪʲôҪأ̫̫׼˵һ˵
û뵽û̫̫˵ѾֱӾݺݵˤԱߵһôϣ̫̫Ѿôˣôܾˤ򣬶ʱѪ
ҿԱߵ˽̫̫͵ҽԺûΣգǴӴ̫̫ҲûгֹӦڼ˵ѾֱӹҵˣȴֱӲ˵ĻЩȥٱһû뵽Ȼˡ
˼㱻ѼҶˣߵʱ򻹽˸һ飬˭ҪǸҺ˵˵Ļʱһ
ǰԱߵ˸ŻˣҪ֪ԼﱾͲףˣĻǿЩˣЩԸȫ̵
Ҳǰ˵һ֣һﵽʱ֪ôģǰȴ˵ԼСܱһһ۸ˣ˱ֱӴ⼸Сǳ˹ǰѴʱ򣬶ʱЩȣȻ֮ǰûмǵ˫񣬶ʱбЩˣԼϾϻôãͨ˵Ϳ֪˵
ǰӣǾԲǸǵģԼˣԼôСܣƴĻ³ҲѾԼˣһˣʲôãɱĻЩһһϲⲢǳţʵȷʵˣֻЩСǿɲ֪˱㳯Լϴ˵
˵ϴһǲҪˣȻ㣬Ҫ֪ʲôˣٳǾͷӣȻʲôǹߣҲû˸ǣΣЩСܣҲһֱ׷㣬ԴǺڰͨԣȻһô֪ô۸ǵˣôǽֱһȥǸ壬ﵱ쵼Ҫ̳ǻСһ𣡡
ЩСǣ˵ӣȴֱ˵ĿҪ֪ãԼôҵףһֹϵȻûκοµġ
Լ°ͣ˵˵һô¶ٱǧҪҵݸ˵ȻүҵȷʵһҪǿұһ˶Ҫ˵
ֻñ˾̫ߵˣҴʲôһ͵ںˣȻߵͷĿ
ҲǸеϴ󣬵Ҵ˵СӣΪʲôҪǵˣɣҪܹҷŹ㣬ôҾͲΪѣȻĻǿͱҲˡ


638 ̨
һóرĲˬҪ֪Լƽһˣϲװˣǰ
ǿװ˼㣬ԼʵûаһеģȴȫͬˣΪһԼ˵;ûбҪһˡ
ΪԽǸĻ¾ͻԽҪ֮ǰȷʵҲɫɫˣʵϲˣʹ˶ϣʲôҲ˵ֱӴģɲװ˰죬ȴûϵļһȻԼȷʵûбҪЩ¡
ϾЩҲŵˣԼҪİЩŵ˶Ū˵ĻԺ·ЩߣԼǿȥˣЩߵװʲôֻһССִԱȻȨѹϰա
ЦЦȻſ˿ԱһǵСҲһ̫̫̫̫Ϊûнʲôѣеļ߾Ȼֱӳ˹ȥҪ̫̫С̯Ӹ飬µ̫̫Ͻ׼
ˣȻ̫̫ĲӸס֮дһĮ԰һ£ԼҪ۸˵Ļûκ˸Ͻ̫̫ǿɸӿˣĶӾͲТ˳ԼһЩǣֻΪڴûǮԽʲôѣû뵽ֱӰԼסˡ
˵ϲģôͲڼúõĵҪʲô飬ûǮ̯ⲻǳĸ㲻ҴʲôˣҪǽҲ»ЩСң
ʵܼ򵥣޷Ǿɱ￴βһҪԼʾ׼ֱ̫̫ʱ򣬳ȴһٶȣֱܵԱ߽űʹһȭͷȻȥ֮⣬뵽һȻôܸղͨҲѾµһҲǻ콭˵ǻڵġ
ֻû뵽Ѿ¯ĵزЩСĿԼ磬˵һײԱߵһϣʱϵѣһӱ۵ͷϣ滹м񵰣ֱͷϱˣ˲һƣǰˣҪ֪ԼⱲӻûܹίûܹǿĳ
Ȼｫ̫̫Ȼֻص̯λʱ򣬴ŭѾȼյ˼㣬һĻͷϵЩƶѾˣԱߵЩСܿˣŵøϽ˹еһСҲǼæһЩëͷϵЩණȫԹȥŴֵߵǰ׼̫̫̯λ
ʱû뵽ȴشԼóһשԭڸղ̯λ·ֵģȻЩһԼˣģ˾ҲûбҪװЩĻˣĻˣ۸ģ۸ĻʵˣʵرͬЩ̯ġ
Щ˱Ͳףԭѣ֮ǰ̯ģÿ춼Լ첻Ҫ𴲣ȥ׼ЩĶȻֲ࣬һ̯λϡ
Ҷʱ򻹻ᱻɪɪûа취Ϊ׬ǮΪֻܹӣǾҲͰˣû뵽һЩߣЩνִԱװһģģȴ˶ĵ飬ǰЩСǵǮѹιȥһ룬֮ǰձѣҲǼǮ
СǵҲԸϣϾ⼸Ǯ֮ԼһͿ԰ȵˡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģǺЩǵθԽԽԶҲԽԽ󣬽ЩСǣƽʱҲʮǮģȴҪóһȻ󽻵ЩУȻĻһЩ˲ԸˣǹЩȻѾҪǮˣôͰͲҪƲ
ЩֱӰЩСĶȫߣΪЩСĶЩֵ±յıѻҪ࣬һСŮΣЩȻĻȷʵֵǮǼĻǾҲһʶЩ߻ΪԼŮǽ˼ӱѡ
ϾĶ׬Ҳ࣬Ҳûʲô˵ģû뵽ЩߣȻֱӰ˼ŮЩΣȫˣȻһָԼļֵǷˣһε꣬ʣµǮȫָЩֵǣǸŮ֪֮󣬾ȻֱͶԾˣһ䣬ʱʧ
Ҫ֪ЩЩ£ǿʤֻмˣǾȴȻû˸ҹܣʵЩͨϰգҲʵܲˣϼӦˣȻˣҲҪϽû뵽ȴǱ쵼ֱӸסЩҪ쵼
ļһһߣߵ쵼ʱ򣬾ѾҲʹûеõϽ˵ˣе쵼β֪ЩһĺΪԼֻﵱʵûбҪ˶ЩڵϵˣϾԼҲʶЩٵģΪЩˣֱӱɱˣΪЩ쵼¡
ΪӣЩˣΪ׵ģϸӵ޿ɾҩˣЩСǣǿǸӵĴȻֱӽ֣Щˡ
ͣĵطĸ˳ֱۣӸһνķֻдһЩ֣ȻһЩǮЩǮֱӸŤ߾֡
ȻҵȻ֪ˣ϶ҪģΪƲ֣ЩҲֻ˳ܣǮЩˣҪ֪ԽӣЩ˵ĵԽԽ󣬳ˣС͵룬͵Թ˭׵ģտʼΪͱЩ˸ƵĻҲᷢչ죬ʵҲͰˡ
û뵽Щ˾ȻѾֵزƯŮ˵ֱӸߣȻһ깶Ůˣ붼˾ú£⵽һʲô
ղǸŮѧǳĻĽݴѾЩ˸̣ˡ
˵һǲӲֻ߾ֵϴ󣬶ӵ壬ǿǵ쵼쵼ҵģ쵼
Ҳμң¶ҵҲǲҹܵģֻ˵һ飬еȫ˵㣬㻹ң㵽ôģԿǲǳˣ
˵Ȼ׼Լȥû뵽ֻûѾֱקݺݵֵ˱ʹȴݺݵһţֱӲ嵽ԱЩСܵǰҪ֪öˣ
ԱǸǵ̫̫֪³˶ǵһʱٷʲô飬˱㼱æߵǰȻż˵˵СӣϽܰɣһɲǺǵģҪǵһʱһ֪ô㣡
̣ΪԼģ滹ůůģǽԼѾˣôܾ˵ûվһһѵһԺ飬ֻԽԽ֡


639 ֧
̶Լôĵʱ򣬳رĸжԼ飬֧Լô֤ԼûȷʵЩ͹ԼˣԼɲôܹ۸ģȥҲѾԼЩˡ
ȻĻҲһֱˣֻǰԼСǰƣϴҲѵЩСܡ
ûʲôأ˵鷴ЩЦһֱ˵ЩߣƽʱЩϰֵò죬ΪҲˣû뵽߶Ѿſϰյͷϡ
ϰȴѾΪˣҿԼһɽˮ·һ壬ԼΪЩϰֻһ
ԳҲ˲ôˣֱӱ㽫̫̫ƣϾ̫̫˳֮⣬ԼֵʱҲð죬ʡõʱ˼޹ȻˣȻס
Լô϶ҪеһĺҲûа취ˣȻѾߵһҲͲҪ˼˵Ŀ˵ˣ˵Щһǲ˼ǸԼһȴȫ
Ȼˣ쿴ʱ򣬾ѾȫһǹƷˣԼ쵼Լ߾һʲôƹͷӡ
Ȼ˵ţǵʱԼǸܣ˼Ҳûţ˳еŭȫǿӹһʱ֮䷴Ǿͷ·һ¯ȼһ㡣
һܹõģǵ˽ȴ޷ˣ׼սʱû뵽ͻȻһСŮһߵ˳ǰóסˣֻСŮһɫȦȻ㽻УСŮʲô
˱ЩֵĿСŮû뵽СŮȴͷûлأֱܿˣʱ˳СŮ뿪ķſĽݴǱ߿Լˡ
ԭСѾͷлԼȻСŮԼһĶȻˣĽݴԼҳΪЩߣʱԼٱץߣο
ʱҲѾԸ۷ʲô飬ŮǾԲܹģԼȻǰơ
ҲȫƵס߶һĻʱ򷴵ỵ£˳ֻ΢΢ЦЦȴûκһˣΪҪЩĹ߿Լ΢ЦĶǸŮѧʱ򣬿ЩļһʱһŮȸץ
ȻвԼԼϹĵҲ鷢ˣֻǰôĹߣټЩϵС죬ԼŸΧסԱ߼֮⣬Щ̯ˡ
ŵȫ뿪ˣЩȴһֱţϣǧҪ飬ϾΪԼҲΪЩ̯ӵ˵ʵЩ̯ӵˣʵҲͦ۵ġ
ÿ춼ҪҪôæµһÿҪܵߵĹϽ֪жűǹ۸Сġ
ˣ˳֮ʿȻʮֵĸˣЩʮֵĵµʱڴ򲻹ЩˣϾⶼаʮ˶ȴֻһˣЩСҲ׼
ʱҪĻԼֱӸˣϾ˼ΪԼҪԼͷڹĻǿ̫ˣԾղǸǵ̫̫ʱ˿ҲԼĹȡ
ʱض׼ȥԸЩɶĹ˵ǹֵ˺
ȻǸһٿ֮жʱЩˣû뵽һﲻֻ֮дҳҲ֮ݣһﾪǣһ㶯֮󣬶Ҫôͷ󺹣ȴޱ飬ǲò
Ȼˣǿģͨôܹأͷ󺹣ʵһ֮ǰҲװɹģҵһʱ˲ȥ߾֣ͨҹϵԲŻڵͷӣﵽ۸ˣ뵱һҲͦģһѿͿ԰ϵС죬ƵõܣЩСŻԼϴҲǾԵĹ
Ҫ֪Ҹԩ޳ģҪǴ뿪ô͵ʲô鶼ûз֪㹦ͦߵģϾطѾϰˣûܹϽңӦ֪ǹ߾ֵǸһĵҲֻٲ֣Ȱ㻹ǲҪΪá
Ȼ򲻹һֲԼ˱˦ЩȥԼԼͦ߰һȴúܿЦԼѾЩС̯ˣôܾ;ϣߵˣ˵ʮ˾ǽٶԼҲǲڻµģȻˣȻ֪ԼôΪʲôҲЩ֪֪
Լɲô۸ģʱȺ֮Уȴһ￴ųӦ˵ǴһرϬȻˣѾˣֻЦЦ
û˵ʲôϾ֮ͨͻȻôһԺյģһ۶ͿԿóο˲ͬ˫۾Ѿ֮еЩ󣬶Щôģ
ֻҪƳһҲͿˣֻк֣һǸĻ˵ѾˣǰһȴѡĬһ죬·Ǹһûйϵһ㣬ǳȴоĳһԼӵһеϣ֪һﵽǸģ
ѵҪԼصȥ˵ʵĻܰѳߵ˿ϻ治࣬˵ͨľˣǹ̾˿ԼҲҪ˼˼
ҪҪЩһ֣ԼͬĻЩһǶֿ¸Լ˵Ҳֱ̾Ӱ˵ģȻԼЩһﶪΪЩһЩͨһΰ
Լ˵Ļʱ¾û˻Щ̾ЩˣϾҲ֪ÿ˵жһȨȣͨϰС
ȨȣԼܹȨȵȻĻϰһϣҲûˣԼСʱʱʲô飿ֻҪоôͿԴȻ֮Ҳ֪첢ûԼôҪͨ˻Ҫġ
ǾˣԼҲܹװϸ飬Ͼ˻⣬ԳȻҲףζҪһõӡԵҵԼʱ
ȫԽЩȫܣǳûѡˣֻǽʵȫԼԻԼʱԼ˸ɱˣѲɻҪЩ˱
˵˳бκ˶ܶԷǻ˻ǺˣֻҪɱ˵ĻǾԲŹģԼÿν֮󣬱ȫκε֤ݣҲþʵȫָ
ģǷ¶Ҫ֤ݣò֤ݵĻ޷˾Щֵ˷ٴջͽ޹Ҳӷˣ»һ첻ţס


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٣ãԸӦöԸˣҲԸ˲ӦöԸˣʵЩһȻǸ磬ǸȻЩ˶ҲִܹЩ飬ҲӦý죬һ鶼зִģҷɹ涨ҲЩˡ
Ƕճ뷨ɣô¾ˣ죬һ˸˳˵ҲǸģԽǺþ죬ԽױǸͨҲΪһһֱٳ
óЩˣȻѾ³һ϶ǸΪһһһȫóĳԼƽʱҲûٸ򽻵ȻҲ֪һְҵϰߡ
ʲô鶼ƽϰΪһЩһӾܹʶƣֻ룬ԼĸЩ߿սˣ֪᲻վ
ֻϣǧҪΪһҪǳĻʱЩνĹһըëʱԼñ죬ǸԼһЩ׸һϲԼսΪ۷ʲô飬ԼԳеҲҪȥ˰ˡ
ڳ˶һЩ׸ʵҲȷʵˣǳһ£һ㶼Ҫǵ˵İȫǳԺ֮ͷʹ飬£ǸŮѧǰԼķԸ
ûԼ鷳ǵµ죬ֻϣһﲻҪӾͺˣΪЩߣǲẦ¾ģĺµĻѾͽֲˣ˼ԽԽΪʲôΪǸʲô塣
˼ﵱ٣ҾǾֵľֳ¼壬ҲҪϸĵҪҪһԣҲͽѹҲΪʲô˻๵ͨԭˡ
Ȼˣεĸ˩֮ôûкµˣڴѾСеԼǰҪͷΪƽʱЩ˸ߵġ
Ǽˣǰͦأ飬Ҳûа취ԼֶӣǸģԸûЩѧʵ˵ֻһ֣СƦӵԸûа취ֻ֮ȥˣ˵ȻƢá
һױ꣬ȴһϰߣǾǻֺ˾Լ壬ƽʱû¶ʱͻһѵĶһֵǮĶһЩǮȥͽֺԼ塣
֪Լܹ֮˵ҫΪԼԼ㹻ȨԼΪΪȻĻԼѾЩ죬˸ץˣ֮Աѹʵһԭ򣬾ΪЩ̾
һֱɱˣЩ̾ʱҪ֪Щ̾ǿǴģԴ鹫ƽҲ֪̾һѾԸеСҪ˭͸Һ˵һ䣬ʱֱӽһŪü
ʱӣЩҲֵ̾ǰȫͽţ˵ĺû˵û˱˰һ£Ƕõ飬ЩСҲı˶ѭЩ˺ˣӦΪһĿŻ˵ΪȥǵСˡ
ԾֱӽӣΪʱӦð¸ˣع̾ѾˣҲԼ䵽ֵزϧûҩġ
ЩСǣˮ֮У֮ǰǸ̫̫Ҫ֪Ļʱ԰Щ̫̫ˤһԣȻһлҪ飬ʵ
ҲУȥΪСʱǱʱΪǸʱһͻὫеķȫֻţԼĺܿʵϰҲһԭġ
ԭڶʱ򴦴ܵϼѹ˵ģոսʿҪЩϱ۸ǴԸ񣿵Щʿʱ򣬶ҾȻڴ£ʱĴֻһĺӣ򲻹Щʿ
ֻܰװ׵İᣬȻȥЩһϴӣȻϴˮҪ֪ҲôӰ˵һȨ޷ǾǱ
ֻҪ㹻ıôе˶ҪģһڶɵĳϰߣԵȵϱ֮Ҳ۸±ʱУֱôϲõ˹ȥԭ۸ˬ죬Ӵ֮󣬴ıԸ񣬵ȥ۸ˡ
ֻһ£˱˳Ȼˣҿ壬Ϊ˵һЩ飬ûбãȫֱ塣
ŵ߾֣һɾʮ꣬Ҫ֪壬֮ԶһôãΪ壬ԼûĺӣֻдôһֶӣҲͽеѪ
ȫŵӵϣҲǲĶԼҲʮֵТ˳ҲΪʲôһô飬ǣ쵼ȴӶΪһ̫ˡ
Ҫ飬쵼ԿģҪĶϵǸ쵼ҲժΪǸͳȵԼ֮ٻһΪԼϷصģ飬ױþȡаС
һ飬еȫ벻ǱģţŻ˶ΪǱ˽ܵģǲˣܳȥģŮҲһҴ󻧵СŮ
û뵽ȴһֵʱ򣬱ˣֱӸ˼Уǿн췹Ҫ֪ŮģΪû˲֪ǸʲôԼĺ뱲ӾҪô˹ȥŮʱ׼ɱ
û뵽ȴⷢԼˣֻôһŮͻˣûκεİ취ֻΪĺӣһӣȴһк
ҲѾüˣȻرĲбԼӣǿɾǳ谮ǴģԼĶӣԺеĶҪԼӡ
ԼҪúõĶԴԼӣοԼûжӣԼȴôһӣܾøһȣò˵ǸСһСܵĽ
ǽʽ˲ͬСһСѧ˱׶԰ʱȥ۸ͬѧǴβ֪ǰСһİְ֣ǿǵ߾ֵľֳ
Ǹ飬û˲֪ԣҲͲǣֻĿԼĺӡ
Ķӣݺݵĸˣŭԣţÿ춼ڽԼĶӣΪԼɲԼĶӳΪˣǸûʲôãΪڴıӻ¡
ԽԽ޷죬ʱŹԼţ˵ʲôŮ̫ûϢˣԼĶӶ̻ˣʲôˣ˵ļһԺȫҪװ׵ģ˸۸ģԼɲԼĶӱ˸۸ԲŻԼĺӣԺֶΡ


641 
׼ֵʱû뵽žǱԼĶˣǰѴˣҪ֪ԼҪһɱԼźʱóץΪҪЮǿɾͲðˣ˱ߵŮ˵ǰ֮дһЩˣ˵Ƿŭ
˵ʲôϽһؼȥûҵķԸ׼
û뵽תۿԼӵʱȴѾһӣǻǴŨŨĸԭ˵ļҪŮս飬ţ֮󣬶ʱżˣΪŮһ򶼲ϲΪȻ֪һﲻԼĻٱԼĻ黹ת
Ҫ֪ţʮֺ´ǿ˿ĳٿԼôˣ˿սĻ³϶ԿģԼԲܹ鷢
˱㱧˱ԼеӣȻų˵ҲģǶӷǿźҪ㣬Ҳûа취Ϊ˶ӣ͸һȥɣˣʲôҲûܵʲôˣҲûܵʲô𺦣ֺαظһʶҪ֪ǶѾһ֮֮ˣһֻѰ·һԼȥɣ
ò˵ŮȷʵǸ۶ģûֱȰ裬վڴߣȻôˣǴǸʲôˣôܰ;ϣ˱һŮˣһԼӵСա
Ů˻ͷʶ̣ҪǽˣЩ˸ôңҪ֪ƽʱҹеˣͻȻôһˣԺϵͻļ٣˵㶮ƨҲҶӺúõĿԼĸǶһˣ˵ҺúõĿҵĶӸţǧҪöǸļһҪҶӸųκ飬ֱͷֵǶϣ
ֻԸԱߵտԼŸӣȻԼеǰѸͷ˹ȥҪ֪ƽʱ֪жԼͷϣҲҪóԼ
ԱţֻεıԼĶӣȻ㵽һߣϾԼĶѾˣֻϣΪ֮ΪԼոտʱ򣬷·ͿĽȻһ˵ǹƥҴսô˵϶й֮ȻĻҲôͣԼҲˡ
ֻϣҪ̫ҾУôҲԼӵİְ֣ôԼҲϰˣǳͻȻţԼĶӳȰлǾŮǸģŽֱ촦ǲҪȽϺˣοǸһֱ濴ţԼȰŪ˵û뵽ʱ򣬳ʹһʯͷ򣬶ʱɫʯͷ
ֱӴ̫ѨϣʱԼͷЩͷĿѣȻ㼱æԱߵһűصȻ˯˹ȥҪ֪ղʹõʯͷ
ǿմһЩһһ̫ѨϣЩ룬űڣʶˣĻҲͲ֪飬Լ뾯߷Χ֮ڣԲŻ˵Ĳһˮ֡
ˣѾһŪˣôԼԹҲʱһˣǸͷԼ˹ؽԼڵǰѵ౦˳Լʹѱ˱㽫ʺݺݵĳһСˤ˹ȥʱһСܱ㵹ںֽüСȫײڵϣԱߵ˿úǾʡ
û뵽һ˾ȻôֻǽʰˣǰѱֵĻЩһﻹ֪ôʱҲסˣΪֻ㹦ˣҲǸȭȿ񿴵ӣǰѵ౦ҲǸ
֪ʲôҲ˵һѱ֪࣬᲻ǳŰɣҲ˵ˣֱӾеǰѸͷ˹Ҫ֪еǰѸͷҲѰһר˴ģмǿһЩ򲻶ͭǶһЩƽôصĸͷػһòġ
ѸͷҲǿԿɽʯŻ˵ΪƽʱûܹԼУ˱Ѵͷų˹౦ĵֵҲóЩԾΪԼıͷֱӸ룬ǾȻ벻ѸͷҲǱж죬Ȼ˼һսԼиȤˣ˱ĴȻʹƹƹҵ
ȻˣҲҿѸͷȻĻѾնˣҲǴ˿֣ûʹԼľУΪ֪Ҫľôˣûʲô˼ˣû뵽ΧЩĹߡ
֪һЩȻ׼˵ǹǿȴŵΧסʱͻȻһչ˹һֱӴڵϣǱˣǸղǵǸ̫̫
ֻ̫̫۴ŷŭǲЩһ˺ֻΪ̫̫жҲȫЩСǶʱ㳭е㳯߶Ӵһʱ֮ЩСǶԴ
Ҫ֪ǿǺǵأûмЩСǶΪԼųֵģҪǻ֮ǰĻЩһ´ҸϴжԿģʵرĸжΡ
춼һҪЩСֻһṆֱ̀ԼǣĹ߱˹ȥһʱ֮ûע⣬ȻֱӱһڵѽѽĽš
һسȥ׼еĵẒ́û뵽һɱֱӳֱһһеǸڵأȻѴ󵶱˹ŵ߸Ͻƨˣ˵ԼϹһһİȴرĿĶһԼĶӺúõĿš
ûʲô÷¶Ҫһ£һ㲻Ļʱĺܲң֮ǰСӣһֱΪԼϰ˵Ķԣ񿴵ֳʱ㱻ˣŵøϽԼͷҷԺҲҸԼϰѧϰˣΪԼѧϰõĶǿǸӵĶˡ
ȻЩС췴ˣǰˣΪԭ򣬱ЩһﶼģԼЩһЩһǾԲģ񵹺˾Ȼֳӣǹɷߺޱֱӿͷʱ㳯ųѴͷ㿳˹
ȻҲԼĵ౦סԴֳǵصģҳһֱţʵ֮ôҲΪЩСȫվ
ٺЩߣʵ߲ûô£ֻΪ֮ǰЩ̫ЩˣԲЩһóΪѾ۸۸ͷˣʮŹߣѾȫѹסЩСǣû뵽ȴһߣʱֻС֮飿
û뵽Щ··ˣȫȥˣЩƽʱ۸ˣ۸СȻԼҪһ֣Աߵ·˾ȻҲֱӳ˹뵽ⳡս֮С
˺ƵǧŤһ𣬶Щ߶ڵأΪЩͨҪȹ߶ˣ35һƬֱӰһ߰ڵһȭ߿˾رˬ֮ǰЩǱˣ


642 ߶ȶԴ
ǰľôˣô£֮ǰǾԲᷢ飬СǷֿԼҲǿ⣬ϾԼƽʱѹЩˣЩ·ôˣ
ΪʲôҪ飿ΪʲôҪСҪ֪ЩСǣƽʱط˽ͨЩ˻ȥԼԸЩС
߸СĿսˣЩ·˾ȻվСߣ⵽ô£һߴʣһһذʱһԣĿų
ΪʲôΪʲôӣ˵ЩһӦûվЩСƽʱѽͨˣҶЩһΪʲôսЩ˾ȻվߣҲ̫ˣ϶㻨ǮЩ˸ҹģ
Щ֮󣬳ʱЦû뵽Ѿڹ۶ˣһﻹǲʵԼôܻȥЩԸأֻΪЩ˽һǱǲܹЩѹѹգȻˣЩ·֮ԻæΪѾȥˡ
ƽʱЩ۸СѾ۸ˣԱߵ·Ҳ̲סϽֻԼȷʵûǸȨֻڨڨ뿪ȻЩСǣƽʱЩͨҪϣر˷
ЩһҲûдϾֻΪıѣ˵ЩһﵹҲûг׽·ֻЩطӵѣҲûʲôЩСĶʱЩ˱÷
ңЩĹߣƽʱ֪۸С·Ҳȭߣǵǫ̃һϢЩ·ﲻС㵽һСŹϢ
û뵽Щ߾Ȼֱӳ˸ˣŭľۼ˴ҶԹߵǹɷߺޣѾ˼㣬õôᣬôװ׵ķ֣ȻҪЩ֪ǹ˵㣬Щ˵㡣
ԼĲһ£ЦЦ˵ʵ򵥵ĺܣֻǲһˣЩ·˲Ϊ˰κˣֻΪ˰
еˣôͿվµķϣԴˣ֮ǰĹ߶һЩʲô飿Ӧñκ˶ѾͰЩ˸ŭˣѵ֪ڸ𣿡
ǰһУľ۶ˣлǲֻһشŴ
û뵽ʱűĶ˹Ȼ˵˵͸ϿְɣǰĴ
ѾƽϢˣû뵽ԼĶ֮ȴָһ㣬Ҫ֪ԼԲܹڶǰǴһֱҪġ
뵽֮󣬴ֱӳ˹ȥֱ׼壬ҿǴʯ٣ǳʲôˣôܻܵһвȣ˱ʹԼ౦ʱ㽫һһָֻڳȫסˡ
Ҳ·𷢷һ㣬ȴֲٶˣΪĶΪѱѾŵĲϡ
ֻҪҶһΣ¾ֱӱɱˣȻ˳Ҳ˺һģϾһҲкӵģԼĻԼʲôԼ֪ǻϣԸĹ£ϾǶҪÿһᡣ
˳ҲģȻ˳֪ԼһԸܹԼѾһֻ첲ˣһԺҲûǰֱˣټԼڽеС̯ȫ
Щأû֮ǰôˣֻԱǸϾҪѹľ죬ȷʵóЩǣôϾԼҪ׷٣Ϊ֪Ǳ֪Լɱ˻õ֤ݵĻûôðˣǸ͵ˡ
ϲԼ鱻˸ҲϣһԼԳսپȻҲȫԼôҪǿǰһҲôȥЩӣóЩˡ
ֲò˵ԼҪǰѴɱ˵ĻЩǽһԼƴԼҪ취еķӣȶЩͨûкôҲЩ˸
Ұһָһ棬Ҿ㻹йģϣ߾ֽ㣬£ýǸֱƢĵҶЩС̷أҲӦúúõչˣΪûпЩ
ͻȻ뵽һõİ취˱㲻˵ֱȻһС̷ļС̷ļңǾԱ߲ԶҪ֪ô˵ⶼٷӦرĹû뵽ȵֵ߽ʱ򣬶ʱҸŪס˱ӡ
ԭ洦ϰߣԭΪֵͲ󣬻ƽʱû˽ЩҲͲô˼ˣסЩˣôסˣҪ֪Щӣʵһ׷ӵģһôӵĵطû뵽ЩķȻֱӰԭһ׷ӵķ䣬ָʮ䣬ÿһԼֻв10ƽס
ƽ׵ӣȻסˣЩסˣʵ˵վŵĵطûˣǸС̷֪ʲô˼Ҳûж˵ֻǴгԼסǸ˹ȥո߽䣬ʱŵһʮŨҩζ
ֻһ̫̫ȫڣȥӦС̷裬ȴǻ˲޷ˣǿ߽ʱǿŵ׼ȴˡ
˵̣ûбҪžͺˡ
˵Щ֮󣬳ųʹ˸ɫҲˣʲô˼ֲЩС̯ƽʱ۷紵򣬶̯ӣҲǣϾЩûʲô£ҲͿ㶫׬ǮҺڣǰС̷
ƽʱ֪Լ˶ٴΣȭߣȻûдΪС̷֪ԼȥĻԼûչˣûǮˣԭС̷ںܾ֮ǰ͵һֲֹڴ̱𣬿ҩĻÿ춼鴤Ҫ֪ЩҪǿǺܹģЩȰС̷
ֱӷˣû뵽һȴû˵ǻȥ׬Ǯÿ׬Ǯ޵׶Ǿ
С̷ûзңһֱţϧԼĶȻòЩһƽʱԼ׬ҽҩѵģû뵽
еЩ׬ЩǮȫЩһˣԼûǮҩֻܹҽԺȥѪǺˣۿԼֻ֪һ᲻ͬԼ
ʵС̷Ҫʲôͬ飬ֻϣԺҪΪԼˣһеʱѾˣʵڴһֱΪЩ̯˲ǿƵˡ
ܾЩһڸ߼ֻΪƭ·˰ˣû뵽ЩҲôƶһʱ֮䷴ǾԼôŬȫ׷ˣԼҲһˣһСߵʱУľԼͦԺģԼȻȫˡ


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һʱ֮ȴֲ֪αֻɵɵվֱӴԼĶͳһЩǮȻӵ˴ϣֱӲȻ˳ȥʱ
Ҳæ׷ϳȥһѰ̼ϾһҲΪԼļֵͻȻŤתܲǰһУ·ÿ춼£ͻȻ˸㣬Щ¸ݱˣ϶ܲ˵ģֻխĽֵţÿСΡ
ȫЩطˣЩԼʶԼ֮ǰ۸ֻΪ̯ӣЩԼȣڻʱ
Щ֮жһЩ־壬ŵüŸϽϣϾֱܲӽԼŸ飬ȻɣһȴرĲԼΪһħ
ΪʲôЩȴҪܾԼԼֻЩֵøɾһѣȻˣҲ֮ǰԼǸ̻ԼģΣֻҪĿĳ
ǶԵģôʲôֶζνΪʲôԼǸƭԼԼʧģΪ̫Сˣֱһӿĵֵϣʱ㱻ǰһЩѬòŻˡ
ҿȻֲһĻصǸ㳡ϣеţֻ۾ѾòǰϬˣЩ͡
˲⣬Ǵȴ֪ãķЧˣԼϹԸͷ棬˵ĹµĻôԼԸһúõĹӣϾԼѾΪһһӣǲɮҲҪ棬ǵõţոձʱ
ǿÿϴ棬޲ֱҧԾû뵽˼֮󣬾Ȼ˸Լǻˡ
ѶָȴվûôϾ޹ģŮ˲ŰԭСк֮󣬴ԸͻıһЩ
վԼˣûסһԽԽ꣬ʮֵı壬ȻˣС֮ǻؼҵĴˣԼĶӣЦǺǵӣʱҸʱ٣Ҳôһˡ
Ǻþû뵽ȻԼ˵ԺҲҪԼĶӣĸԼһӾôŸоһɶģһӣѾˣѵҪԼĶӱԼӦģһֱڳı
û뵽ȴ˳ľӽˣҪлأԼСк֮ǰȴǸѧϰǽǿ۽ˣҸԼ˵ԺԲҪˣֻ
ԴӿǸСΣͷ·Сһ룬˱ԼǰĶǴģ㳯Щ˿ʼǸȻʹһڳйߣеС죬Լе̷ǣȫסˣǰδеģţҲһûסԼеĺӡ
˽⵽סʲôطˣҲˣΪʲôҪ̯ǰһֱΪʮĲģҪ֪ˣǾԲģΪСʱˡ
˵֮ʱԼͯļ䣬ԭҲһͨĺӣÿСһȻȥѧ·ҲóԵĶˣԼһʲôѿСɡҪ֪ʱĲˣ˾˺þõǮ֮󣬲ŻǮѿǸˣʱˣΪԼûǮ
Ƕ˵·ԼһԸһһ߳ǣһ߸˵ߣû뵽;ʱȴڲ֮ѿǵǸˣǸ˾ȻѿǣһֻҪһëǮİˣԼôõǮղܹóԸû뵽һۣȻֻԼ1/20
붼رı֮;ãЩ̷ˣûһǺöҪôȱҪôͺ̧ۣҲǰ˵˭ֻԼ׬ǮˣӴ֮һֱҲΪʲôһֱرʹЩ̷ԭ򣬵Ϊ߾־ֳʱ򣬵һǰЩȫߣȻѵʱĳˡ
Ϊһ̫̫Ҳ֮ǰķԹ۵ģΪǸѿǣԴرһӾͻԼǹСʱļ䣬˱㲻߶ʮһֱӰ̫̫ùˣʱԼʵҲЩڵģϾôˣصǸȴڸԼЩ˸ӦãЩ˲׬ЩǮĻԼΪʲôҪ֣
ǻͲ֪̫̫ѿǣȫԼģҼ۸ԹûкƭˣҲôϼ˵ԭ򣬺Ҳ֪ˣǹɾǿȴԾûôȥǸ̫ĵǸֳֻ̫̫̯
ˮдûˣʵһҲǻ˼㣬ֻû㲥ҲԽԽټǸ壬Ǹ̨ӵģ˽ķǾԲʲôõķֻǸߴΣֻҪԽϵȨ
ôʲô飬ǿԽģ˴ҲˣԽԽԶ˱ƫߣû뵽˳ֱ֪Լǹɲ²⣬ȫǴĲӦ˵ЩҲû˯ģƽʱ㶫ôأ
ϾҲǷˣİҲûзӦʲô֮ǰԼ֮Ի˵ӰֵӰݣʵֻǴԼһ̨׵ɰˣ֪ҲǸǵġ
Ҳ֪ԼĴ˱ˣϣЩ˺úõĵǸԺ߸С֮䣬Ժúõദʡ֮ǰõìܣοԼǸѾȫ⿪ˣԼƭԲŻߣǱϾֻǸˣУԼһӴеˣʵЩ˵ȥ
ߵЩ̷ǰٴξ˸˵֮ǰҵĴҲӦӶԴǣҪ֪ģҿ϶ģΪұ˸ƭˡ
ԲŻЩ̯رǵȫ֪ˣΪˣĺԺǾҪ̯ӣǲΥģЩɷģҿ϶ǲǽйϽġ
ЩЩС̷رĸˣȻ׷׹жֻЦЦȻߵԼӵߣĶӸǸ˲ѣֱӴԼĶͳһǣȻôЩ⣬ĶȴָָԱߵһ̫̫
ԭǸղǸ̫̫͸ӵǣû뵽˼ҾȻԵ±ԹԼСԽԽǽˣеҲûˡ
˸˵ЩҲرĸˣʵЩҲģûа취Լϴй涨Щ̯ģֱӸߣҪôҪȡѣп˼ҵĶʵһڼҿرóԣչΪϴԭ


644 ָ
ЩСȫ©ˮȴֲҵԣµʱ֪˱ֱӸһ٣ʱҲĵ򼸸ȻصԼļ
񵹺ˣԼϴˣмҲ˲Ͻ˶Ǹտ̯ȻкǸϰ⼸׼һЩǸϰ嵱ȻҲرˣҪ֪ƽʱЩ߼ԼǶŵ׷ϵģµˣǿԺͺһ
ϰ嵱ȻˣԾͶ⼸˿˼Ҳر죬ߵߣĽԼԴԼϹϣ֮ǰԼرһΪһ۸ˣһһֱñ˽˵ȴͬˡ
ʶԼĴԺ󣬿϶úöԴԼģҲͲ˵ˣû뵽ոշչѾ׼뿪ˣû뵽ȴһЩ˳ˣǱˣ壬ҲǸ쵼һĳ֣ȷʵŤתǰеһС
ղһУȫ쵼Уֻһŭߵǰžһ⣬ֱӽɽڵϣȻһݺݵӡ
һ̫Ҷˣô˵ģζǲܹЩһ﷭ȻĻԺıȥգִ׬Ǯѵǵ̶ĹͲҪЦˣҸ㣬ᣬԺҲûлЩһˣʱܵģ
ֻ쵼һߵӣȥԼֶӴ򱧲ƽ˭֪һΪԺòֺ죬ԲŻô˵ǰֵ
Ͼǿյٵıѣ˵ʱóһ͵ԼϣԼҲǾԿԳһͷģȴһˣķŹЩСôľֻһˣЩСȫٽѡ
ԺЩǮָôأο쵼ѾһЩͶʵҵûкʽĻôǰڵЩʽҲȫ׷ˣһòø쵼ܲ˵ġ
Լֶô˵ԼԶģ֪ǳĹһݺݵĵųǳȴΪǣֻЦԼ°ͣһ
ǰԼƼ˵Ļôǲ˼ֻһһ𣬸һȫЩǰǸϹԼ˵ĲǼٵģΪԼȷʵԼ֪쵼濴ȥرţһһ۾£ȴˡ
Լȫ¶ˣֱ˾öģң֪ҲѾһķ֤ݣҪ֪ܻߣǿһ쵼ȴ֪Ѿ˶٣
ܽеһЩǮóΪԼʹãҲŲùû뵽һֻ϶ԽȻܵѹ֬࣬˵ˣ֮ǰд֣ͷģ϶һԶ֣´ȴ֪ԼĴˣʣµȻҲͲðˡ
׬Ǯ·ˣ쵼һѰҵ·ģôԼɾͲô׾ٵһߵҪһǰԼŲÿȫ¶
ֻԼǵѪĲһ£Ȼߵ쵼ǰ˵壬֮ǰҵĴһԹһֱЩ̯ˣ޵ĶǰŰЩһ뿪ˣʵûʲô˵ģοǲЩѣҲǲȱǮģĺˣÿ¿϶һЩõġ
ûĻ˵꣬Ǹ쵼ֱӽԼûõֶƵһߣȻߵЩС̷ǰֱӱһͲȻĿˣ˵Щһﶼˡ
Ҹղ˵ĻҲӦ֪ˣһ˵ˣûҵҲûõģԺҪ̯Ļͱ뽻һЩѣҪǲõĻҹ
ʱֱӻǸߣصʱɾûôˣǵȥԶηУ
Щڳȫסˣ֪쵼Ƕû뵽ȻֱӲб̶ֳȣһֱĬĳЩֻ֮ƲƲǡ
û뵽쵼̲סˣһͦȱǮģȻĻҲ²ߣԼлǲףȻĻȫͨΪʲôҪͨЩС̷ءѵ˵쵼
Ѿͨȫͨˣ˵⣬ΪҲ֪ǴȡѣҲûж٣һﷸǮǿǳǧҲӦϰ˰ɡ
ô˵ĻЩһˣǳȴʼձһ뷨쵼»ҪΪЩϣֻй߲ܹ֣¶Ļ
»üΪףյȨУֻҪڸԼԣôЩС̷أмȥĿܣȻĻ´ʱǻתǰǰĶѭ
˵壬鱾ǹȫȨҲûȨİɣûǰҵĻɣǰʲô鶼ģȴΨܣ
ЩеС̷رĸжû뵽һǰЩһﲻ˵ȴٰչԼʱЩ˾Ȼӯ׷ֽкãǰ쵼ˡ
ԼȨͲˣھԼֶӣȻ嵽ԼǰԼԼộ뵽֮㳯ԼߵǸʹ˸ɫ
ǸڵȻʲô˼ʱŸӸץһԣȻеǹָŸӣǰѴŻˣ׼ǰʱ
ȴͻȻǸڽеǰǹĿŦۣԼٸжһµĻԼźľͲˣֻܶݺݵĿԼ壬һô˶񶾣
ôԼŸӣҲһأѵΪЩȨǮͿԽԼԭЩ飬ȫȻʱرĺԼ֮ǰôТ˳϶ǵͷ϶ȻԼźвԼֻΪȨ֮ϡ
ߵø߸Զһ㣬ЩΣǰĿųʱֻгܹɣһĻʱҲͦȵģû뵽쵼ȻֱͳˣѵͲЩͨ˿֮󣬵ʱһѡƱȥ
ʵÿ쵼쵼ѡƱǶһ涨ģûô˵ʲôջǻ䵽˵УֻҪͨͽֺûߺ񣬻ǿԽȨõֵģǳˡ
㵽ʲôҪǽ˺ˣǾͱҲֱӾͻϾϵΣҲᱨģһֱر㣬㵱ҵĸһû뵽ȻˣЩڲ
ָֻ쵼ƿڴ֮ǰԼǰһﵱԼϰˣû뵽һӣֱôһѵ


645 ʧ
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Ҫҵ׼ͳﻮһЩǮƶȨҲǾԲܹģûңȻĻʲôչ˭޷ԤϣΨһˡ
㶼ҵĻôҲûбҪ£Ӧ֪ĵ˭˭ôãô𣿡
˵쵼û˵ԭ꣬ĸĸ磬ֻǸӣʱĸ쵼ֻһССԱˣÿ춼ҪæԼ飬ջǰŵԼߵԼչˣԼҲˣΪԼûǸŮ˱ԼˣԼرãǺ˴֮
еҲһЩοôӴС͸ԼԼѾԼĶˣ˵ԼûӵҲ͸ӵ۰ǴСӦ׼ҵѴ͵ȥ죬ʵ̫û۸ˣҲͽ뷨ˣֻһȥҪ֪ʱȷʵǺ࣬쵼ÿһʱ䣬ͻ˿ȥҪ֪ڶǾԲ˿ġ
Ǹ쵼ʲôˣִʲôģ˸쵼ҲҪͷģ֪ݣҲ쵼Ϊġ
ԲŻԽԽ޷ˣ֮󣬸ǵʲô߾ֵͷĿӴ˱ӵ޷죬Ȼ˸쵼ҲֻǾãΪԼΨһˡ
Լ׸ĺӣôԼĺӣҪʲôԼǾԲҴţ᲻㣬񵱳ŮѧȻXXOO˵ʱ
쵼Ҳ֪رش󣬶ŮѧĸĸҲҹ쵼ԼǷһѹǸѧĸĸգټŻУûа취ֻܹ¸Ϣ
Ҫ֪쵼Ϊ飬û˯һֱԺ֮ŵĶԼֶӵİȫһҹ֮䷴Щͷû뵽ʱ
ԼֶӾȻԼĻ쵼رˣȻԼһһ۶ǣ쵼ȴԾûз
˵ĻҲرТ˳ģÿζȥԼҸԼЩһЩԼյıѸ쵼ΪЩǮԸ쵼ԽԽ̰ıЩˣŽҪǮԼǮ˱ڱ˲עʱ
͵͵ƻ칫ңҲƻ칫ңȻֱӽǱתԼ£һ֪˵Ҫ·裬üĿ԰ǿѹҶ벻ģΪдűȻٸЩ·
·޵ĳ̶ȴǸû쵼ҲûʱЩС飬Ҫ֪ӹҲĻÿһζǧģǧ֮У1/10ô͸ûעģ쵼ſĿ飬ڶû˲ܼԺ֮ǰҲǽص˶һ飬ûκεĽֻܹˡ
Ҳø쵼ʱӵķˣԺʹЩǾǵӦ֣ټһͶ֮ĶǷزҵҪʽ֮ǰΪԭ˱֮󣬱һ͹Ȼֻһ֣ǾÿεĻܣҲһʲƸ쵼룬ʽȫͶ뵽زҵˡ
֮󣬾ԼˣԼкü׷ӣ˵ȥĻҲǾúӵģҲԽһ͹ԼһʱģʱТ˳ҲͰˣТ˳ĻԼͷϻһЩ˵ֲƸȻ˸쵼ôģ˲ŻһһıԼ֮ǰǸٵԽԽԶ
ǰԼ壬ӣıѹˣһʱ֮ȴ˵ʲôΪȷʵԼ˵ǸӣԼһģԼ˲õ飬ôľˡ
ţ׼֮ǰĻջʱû뵽ȴѸٵĳ˹ȥֱӽǸںݺݵߵڵأȻְǸǹָ쵼ŸղŵǸŸӣæܻ˴ߣôĹ߸סˣʱ쵼סˣȻҲ֪û뵽ٶȾȻ֮죬ûԼڷӦʱһѾԼߣǹָԼֻҪԼҶĻ
ľ޷ȥˣʵɱһֻһȥһʱ䣬úõķʡһԼ飬ʵ쵼ԭҲһˣЩͨϰգһЩ飬ȥԺЩһЩһЩСѧǵõԼö쵼˺£û뵽ȴչӣΪʲôأ
Ҹ쵼ְλǿεģ쵼ÿҪһһλϼ˳ʤھտʼʱ϶ΪһĿڱãǺģһͨ£ˣľͿʼɣվͱӣ۱ôѹ
޷һǰλϸȥжҪλջǱһˣЩһֱ⵽ڣʵҲûзʲôֻΪһһͬѡ˼ҵƱһ࣬ͻȻ֮һʧˣΪ糤ˣǸԼһѡ˸ɱˣʱзȴû˸ʣ˵Ҳû쵼ѹţǰ쵼Ǹˣֻꡣ
ʵûбҪմ飬Ҳǿнŭѹ˵ˣ쵼Ҫط˽ĻҪ쵼İ˾γһѭζǰѲ쵼һͷ·ϵһӣһرǿ׳Ķӻֱɨ۱ôϣûа취ߵģ쵼žãԼѾϴˣûԼΣȻˣ쵼Ҳ
ʡ飬ʱָô죿һúܣԼֶر룬мˣôͼæǮǹ˿ţЩһ죬ȫ˵ԼĺôȻĻȵʡߵ֮ЩһǶñεһ˵
֮ǰ飬ȫɴ˵ֻҪʡ飬ôͻǰ쵽пţŵЩͨÿһ仰˵շǰ쵼ĺãȫͳΪҪԶѾôꡣ
ʡˣΪ쵼Ǹرܸɵģ⼸׼һ쵼ȴԸ⣬Ϊǳ쵼Ļ¹˼꣬ԼҪ⣬˵ȥطѡ٣Լﵱ쵼ðȡ
ôҲûܹԼᲢۣܹͬѡһԼС̣ȵԼϿҪݵʱǸʱھѡΪ쵼ҲͺðˣѾˣʱλ˿϶ݵĴҲͺã뵽һ֮쵼ѾԼδ·źˡ


646 δ·
Ҳδ·źˣȵֵľֳ뿪֮󣬱ֱӽŵǱϾȨҪԼΪ쵼֮ſʹãҲֻš
û뵽º»ûɣȻֱѡ˱ѣҪԼʽ·ӸжϣǾԲеģ쵼Ѿ˺üױÿ¶ҪһǮ
Ǯ˵ĻôľҪȫʧȥˣ쵼Ը¶Լʮѿӡ
ҲԾɲܹᶪǴͲ֪һУԺԼԿ쵼Ҳ̫ˣȻֱӰŸӶץ
һԴвһ˵ôȴһϰߣǾһƢرľǿԽȰ裬ԼԽ˵쵼Լź
Ϊвʱ򣬴Ѿվ׼ˣζҪվСϣվϣοڳѾԼŸӶôԼҲûʲôǡ
ֻԣʹĵԼ壬Լ֮ǰЩһ̫ˡ
˵ʲôˣΪʲôվһǵ飬Ҹ㣬ֶ֮飿
һùһȥȻĻɱҲҲˣǹָһٵ쵼ǷģȨֱӽУ
ֻ쵼񣬻ţƺӣЩ˵ĵҲɷȷʵ涨
˸ҳǹֱвԱĻԱֱӽ˸У֪ǳģΪֳûܹԼԿ
ȴֻؽǹ˻εĻ˵⻰˵ȷʵôأ
㶼ûҰɣܼ򵥣Ͼǹ߾ָС̷֮飬ûвأҲûвأغģӦǹڳй滮֮ĶɣʲôʱȻߵҲܹˣ쵼û˵ʲô
Ȼҵ˵ģȻˣֻҪ˵һᰴմ˵ȥ˵ЩС̷ǿԼ̯ǶԲҾԻ֧֣˵ǰһҲԣҾԻ᳷ˡ
Ҫ֪һô壬ʲô˵ʲô˱㳯ŴЦŵͷ˵
ԼվڴߵģϣҪǣҲҪԼźӼ䵽һУֻҪԼվû˸ҿдźӡ
ȻˣЩ֮쵼Ҳסˣû뵽ֻǹҲǳߣҪô˵ĻԼûл粵ˣֻһлҪеȫ䵽һϣֻҪղ˵Ļ
һȷ𰸵ĻҲȫĻ£ϾѾˣûгĻ϶ûֵ̽Ŀԣһ߾ֵľֳһ쵼
ЩСգôܻȨȥϷã쵼Ҳǰһ¡
ȻһЦ֮˵ĻЩգҲף쵼飬ȴҲΪϾ˼ұһοҪǱ˵ˣǣʱ᲻ԿǻĲһģǵһ쵼Ϊ̫ˡ
˾ʹЩǣĴû뵽ܿø쵼֪ˣľеȫ˼⣬쵼ųȥһʱû뵽;ȴһЩɱֱ֣ӽ쵼ɱˡ
ʵж֪ɱ쵼ˣʲôˣûа취ô˵˼ȷʵʱɱ쵼ˣȷʵ֪飬Ȼ˵Լ壬Ҳ쵼Լ鲻ôġ
쵼ͻֵģʵʱҲûзϣû뵽˼֮󣬾ȻʹǳɱϢһȫڵصЩϣҪ֪˵Ļǿǵˮ©ϾʱǸ˭֪ģֻ쵼֪
쵼ˣ쵼飬ȫɱˣҲû֪ҪƵǲò˵ɱ쵼ˣǿȻƵ̽ͷ֮ǰȫбģȻ֤ݾ͸ָһˣǱ쵼
Ϊֻи쵼ĻһУñߵǣ鷢֮쵼ȻװʮѹӣһͬʡˣȻȥ˱ɱ쵼
涼룬һ￴Լ˺Ǹ֮󣬲֪棬᲻һ˿Ĳ˵˯ʱûε쵼ԩ֮꣬ˣȵЩ쵼˵飿
ҲͶףûһ˸Ҷ˵һ仰鴫ȥʱԼҲС쵼Ҳǹ쵼ĵ·ǿһƽ
ҲǸ쵼֮ϣȻˣʱЩ鲢ûôãΪµ쵼һֱѼ쵼֤ݣܲҸһֱӲģѾ쵼˺ܾˡ
ֻҪõĻֱһÿȻˣ쵼˵쵼гˣΧ㳡ϵʱ֮¶һϬâȻЦŵͷԼڻ飬ϽųԼǰлһЩļǱ쵼
ܻߵЩ֤ݣԼҪһ׵֮ԷҲ֪֣ͨȻֵˣԸ飿Ͼֵ֪Ȩ˭û뵽ӳոƴ֮ȴתͻȻԼԺһǹָԼǱˣ쵼ڸ飬ǹˣǸڡ
˵ˣùԹԵĸȥѾס֤ݣҪ쵼£ֳҪǲڳĻǿɾͲðˣڷ㣬ǵʱ鴫ȥͷҲ͵ģҲ˵ɣһֱżҪλã쵼ҲЩȲˣݻôãѵľһű߳ȥ𣿡
쵼ǿѧģǻۣ֮ǰ֮ͣΪ˵õһõĻԸ쵼˵ⷬʵӳϳһ˼˵ȴȫȷԼҲСϢ֮ǰ˵ϾҪԼλãȻΪֵľֳԼѾ˾ֳô꣬û٣Ҳû¡
쵼ǰǾһ͹һû뵽ԼѾίȫˣǸĸ쵼ȴԾɲŹԼʵӳЩŭˡ
ΪԼϵ㣬㷭ȥټӳ˵ֻҪЭԼ쵼ѹȥĻʱӳλãһֱˡ


647 
ӳǺĵ˵ͷȻ쵼һ𣬿˼һЩˣĳĹ㳡˹ȥȻˣ쵼ҲڴĵģϾ쵼̫Եˡ
ʱԼܲܰһ£»ЩѵģǸǧѷĺûᣬԼĻٵȵһᣬͲ֪ʲôʱˣʵոʱ
쵼Ѿȥ쵼ϸһ飬쵼֮ǰ飬ȫ˳ǰ쵼ˣһССĸ쵼ȻһֱѳȨҶԼĶͷ˾Ҳ쵼֣һһֱʡ쵼¡
͵͵Ǳţ쵼쵼Ѿˣϣõһᣬȴõʱ˵ˣرһڳĻһվһʵ쵼˺öշӳЩС̷ǣĴ
쵼۸Ĳвеģȴûϣ쵼ڳһ£ŵʱ쵼رľᣬرܣҪ֪Լγһ飬ԼȴΪԼԼڸ쵼ŸɵĻ
Լ³֮ǰЩ쵼ҲûʲôԼڱ֤Լȫǰ£ȻĶԸ쵼ȷ֮٣ԼأʱʱԼ£һЩǮƣȥӼһЩС̷ʱЩС̷ͻȻһЩǮ
ҲֵͦģҲûж룬ϾԺúõĹˣʱ䣬쵼һֱرĥ˱һֱϢģֻһ̣ǵȵˣ쵼һֱţһһΣԼǧܰ㲻ΪԼҲҪΪЩ
˳Ļ֮󣬶ʱվȻԼСǱסԼӸţȻ쵼˵˵ĶԣΣҲ߾ֵһ֣ȻǸ쵼ûȨϽ
Ҿ˵ˣԺЩС̷أȫԳ̯ģȻˣƽЩ˰յķãҪϽɵģ֮ǰıѣǶҪǮҵľ˭˵Ķʹ
Щһ˵ʱڳȺȫˣرĸˣ֮ǰǸĴͨˣվЩС̷ΪҿǣеȻرģҪ֪˰յķãǿ϶ҪϽɵģϾҶ֪һҪط
֮ǰյıѣ˵رĻƣѲûʲô涨ǰЩߵ飬õĻһ㡣
黵ĻͶһ㣬ԴҶرĵִȴͬˣȻѾ»ôҵҲףĻһԾŶȻȷʵǻ˵㡣
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쵼ûô򵥾ܹ㶨ģһﱾһȨȻǸ쵼ȴһ֣Ҫ֪ЩͨСһ˸ֱӸ쵼а壬ⲻ
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쵼Ļ֮ԼʱҲˣԭ쵼Լֻһп޵ˣȻ˵ĻԼһҲҪΪԼڵλá
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ӳҲף쵼Ǹǿرĳ谮ô˼Ҹ쵼ֶӣ˾ϵĻȻˣӳǷֵġ
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Ҳֻ֮ܲǴȴȻֵ̿ĲУȻҲֻжѣģԱɣǲȥ֣ЩһͿϣֻ˵ЩһֻԼúþˡ
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쵼Цߵǰ棬Ȼûĳ쵼˵˵Сӣ֮ǰҶŹˣϾ㻹һ꣬ھˣȻȵһʱҿǸδãû뵽ȻѰ·һ㶼̲ȥˣǿɾͱˣңǾԲܹųȥģһЩˣһгɣҪ㣬ҲҪɥڴˣ㣬ɰСֶӣĺˣҲģֻһֱصΪֹ
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쵼ѾŵͷˣΪȸû뵽һȻڰ˹ᣬǱΪ飬Ǳָ쵼ȰȰ㻹ͷɣӦ֪ġ
쵼ǸڵĻôֱӰǹУãҪǼʱͷĻлᣬȻĻ㷸ҲӲˣ
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ŵøϽ죬ǲ֪ǰԱôЩһΪԼѾµˣԱǿɲô򵥵ģ¾һﲻԼĻջǲŹ쵼Լˡ
ȻֻеһߣЦųԱ˵Ȼ㲻ϼһĻˣôҲûˣ԰ɣ̫ˡ


649 ûô
û뵽һĻ˵ֻ꣬Ա˲佫һѪӣֱ˹ȻһԴϣֻһһԴȻѪӿһء
ŵԱߵ˸ϽЩֱʹȥҪ֪ԼǴûмôѪȵĳ棬ԼСܱһɱˣԱߵ׼ȥһƴ
ǱذסˣϾԼҪһﵽҪʲô˵һȷʵ쵼ĲٿأǿһҪģ쵼ܸĸ࣬Ϊ±Ͼ̫Ҿ쵼ҲΧ
һһɣȻĲԼ˵ԱɣΪ˱ģΪɱˣΪıƣЩֻҪǮôʲô鶼ð죬˵ΪĿġ
ȻֻԱеѪӣһ£ȻŶݺݵسЩ˵⻰ɾ˵ˣȻ˵ͷӵĿƣҿû˵ҪŹҪĲֻ࣬ҪǸǮˣҲˣ쵼һ쵼
ӦֵϰɣǻôˣҸСʱʱ䣬ܹҳﱸһڣôҾʹ뿪˺κһˣĻ
ǶԲֻнȫﵱǵķصˣȻҵҲ޵ģھ̿ʼһһ֣ȥѰǮƣҪǸߵĻҲܼ򵥣³͸ղǸһһѪǿǰٷܹ֮еģҪ볢Ҿû
һ˵ĻǿɲΣһľѪӣƽʱһֱľ׮ϰõôᣬȻͲýԼ֮ǰеŬȫֳЩȴǷǵ
ҪһǰܣԱЦţѪ˹ȥʱһԴҲ˼ңŵЩȫ۾ȴֲҶΪʱѾ֪ȥˣ
Աߵ쵼Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬ǾԲܹĿԼɱ˱վ˳
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Լϴ˵֮УصԱɣǿɲ׾پܹ˸õģ˵ˣԱһֱ֪ԼҪôǮֻΪһԭȴ˵ǳȴܹµõ˵ԱȻرĺݶǵҲɱ˵ģΪԱһԼϲŮˡ
Ůȷʵ̫ˣһŮֻһĹϵû뵽ĹϵȴǶԼŮÿ춼ŰΪԼŮû㹻ǮԼĲ
ԾŹԼŮƽʱھӻ˿ˣȥС˵仰ȴʼվûеóѣΪǸ϶ĹЩھӸȥ
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һСܣûôԼҲܹӣɻô˵ˣʱŮҲ֮ǰŰǸֽΪýΪýط׼ʱȴͻȻһˣʱŻˣǷȴû˱ԼֽպպԱߵǸˮһｫ˺۸øɾ
ԼԼ֮УԱ·ǿŮһ㣬˱㽫ΪýεļУΪĹϰ֣ʱῴԱ֮󣬽һϳȥŮֻǽһԼС
һԱκεȻÿ춼ԱóԵĶӣһʱ֮Աľͻָˡ
Ǹ϶ĹΪ첻żңҲûоԼĹŮȻһİˡ
ǣȴΪ϶Ĺ̫ǮûǮˣûа취ֻԼŮѺЩˣ嵽Ϊýķ䣬׼Ůߵʱ
û뵽ԱͻȻֱӰ⼸Ķķļһɱˣ׼ŻΪûܣû뵽ȴ϶Ĺķ˱ɱ֮󣬶ʱŵô󺰴УһҪ׼Աȥ٣Ϊ̫ߣԱֻðϼһɱˡ
ȻΪýѹջǵõ˽ѣǶķ֪֮󣬿ɲ׷Źˣ˱ֱ׷ɱԱŮˣҲǻΪý
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һ˵Ĳ֢ҪܶǮԱ֪Ůȥ˶ٵĵط֮ôҪǮΪŮһֱѺܶ࣬ԱǸԼСǡ
ȥһһУջû㹻ĽǮҽŮˣڶѾЩӲд¶˶ˣԱԼѶٵĽǮҪΪýȻ
˲쵼ķԸΪ쵼ʱǮȴرջˣټԱҪǮ˷ûƣҲΪ쵼ˡ
쵼Ƶ̫ǿˣ֧ʹţԱɣԼǸв⣬ԱΪԼŮˣȻ֧ţչ쵼ĽǮ޵ģ֮ǰһ쵼ɱ֮󣬸쵼Ǯȷʵһˡ
˶ԱɵĹҲ٣Աãһ²ɿԱһܵΣյʱֱӳ˳ǸղǸʱ򣬵û뵽ԱȴʼվͷˣǰôˣԱûЩһܹЩǮΪýβ
Ҫ֪ͿһУΣһﶼֻǮȴ˾ãЩرĲгԣҲӦˣϾЩ޹ģ˵ˣڵԱѾκ˷ˣΪʱ˿̡
һģȫԺ֮ԼİǸŮˣĸΪŮģԱǸҲǣҲһӣֻõķȷʵԣЩˡ
һԱСܵѹ£ȫصԼļУЩ˵ǸļˣȫѹϾֻаʷߣܹЩһԹԵԱѾˡ
ԱԱߵһϣȻһ֧̣ĳͷǿζʵտʼֻãһǮ֮󣬻˽ˡ
û뵽ͻȻ쵼֮еһĨݶʱҲˣ¾ûô򵥣쵼ܵԱǰȻٺ˵һִͨнһЩǮĻԱһתͷԸԼˡ


650 ɾ
Ϊ˵İȫѡֻþƹˤˣԼѾϵɽͷ֮ϣɽƽͱҪɽϵɱҲǰԱԱɣҲкµĶȻˡ
ҪľЩ˵㣬뵽֮󣬳Ҳ˲ֱӰγԼĵ౦Ա˹
ԱҲǸǵģǰ֮󣬶ʱԼֱߵǰѳǹ㳯һԼĵ౦ǿӵڵϡ
ӷԱЩԱСܣЩˣҪ֪ӵʲôٶȣǳôģȻڲ£ֱӽ⼸ӵڵأǹǿЩˣû뵽Ȼ޷г֮ǰ˵ˣͲں⼸һԼԼСܣҲˡ
ҿԱҲѧһЩ򣬵ѽԼʱֻԱ˲һֱӶ㵽һȥˣѳӣֱӱ룬ԱСǸĿɿڴˡ
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ʱԼͷˣǳôô׾ͱˣ˵⼸̰֮˵ĻղѾˣܻȵڣοͲԱ
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Ȼֲ棬ҲѡϺõĲƳɵģǸ౦ȣǿǼʯͷˣûֲֻ㱻౦ֻʣһצˣԱߵЩԱСܣкǵǣϾԱЩڵϵѾԴôΡ
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ȻˣϣԼԸΪýԶһ𣬵ĵ౦Ѿ̵ԱĲϣĨһ£һİ̺ۣű˺ɫѪҺԱȷʵ֣ȫӶһԼ֣㽫Լɱ
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ҪٲõĻľ·һˣ˵ԼЩΪѣϾԼ֪Ů˵֢״ܾãԼŮβϾԼҲ֪һЩҽʳƵķ
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ϣЩҲˣϾǶֻͨİգοУпİŮ˵ķֻ֪ԸԸţ㣬ǲŵĻеû˵ͺˣ
Щһﾪˣ˵ΪýķȻͲõϣϿԼһǰȥΪıԼѾʶˣ˸Ͳ˵ѵģ֤ԼİŮ˿Խȵİ취ȻǸпǧ
ĻҵȻϣԸһȥİŮˣϾҶŮһֱǲ벻
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651 
Ҫ֪ԱΪýһôˣҪ֪Ա˭ĻȴΨֻһˣ˾ǻΪýҲЩĲ죬Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪ʱΪýΪǰˣ֪˶٣ԣԱãⱲӶ޷ΪýԣۻΪý˵ʲôԼӦġ
Ա뿪ʱ򣬴жܲ죬ȻˣЩ˸ˣЩȴܵģϾҪԱȥ֪ԱʲôˣԱĶ¶֣ʱָǺãҾ쵼Ҳرĵǣ׼Ϲȥʱȴû뵽ߵЩˣȴæ쵼ҡҡͷ
Ҫ֪˵ҲˣǱϾ쵼ǧκģΪôİգҪ쵼û뵽ʱǸ쵼׼˻ᡣ
׼뿪Ϲȥֻû뵽Աȷʵ治¶ɫֱӽԼѪ˹ȥʱֻѪӣһӱ쵼Դϣһק쵼Դ
һӣ˵ϣ๾ĹԱǰԱȴԼĽţݺݵزסԴȻЦЦĽԴԱ˹ȥʱܹһҰԴһӸˣڳȫסˣû뵽ԱȻѾ̶ֳȣҾ쵼ǰɱˣȻˣ쵼ȷʵûκεİ취
ֻĿһԼǰΪһеȴģʵ֪ⲢΪԱװֻ֤ֻҪԼԼǸİŮ˸Ȼˣʱһ鶼ð죬ԼһվڳߣԸЩˡ
ֻԱ̧ͷ
Ȼų˵֪룬ǲӦɱ˵ģҲò㣬һʵ̫ɶˣֻڰǰˣӦñκ˶ףһƽʱô໵£һݺǣ֮ǰҪΪҪ
ΪİŮ˾Ļ¾ԲһңƽģǱãˣ˽ˣ㲻һɱˣģҲǲһģңÿˣƭҵĻЩ˻˾ͻ˵ģ
˵ųӦ˵ֱץų죬ԽҰЩͨ˵ջǰѳˡ
жܵĳǳȴЩЦЦЩ˲ҪԼûʲô顣
ԶȥЩˣֻεɢˣǴ棬ȴϣĻ
ܿЩˣһƾɵĵ·ϣ·ȥӦûеõˣңԿóЩһӦѾסϰˣߵʱ
ȺԱɵˣȻ·Ͼͳ˸裬óЩЩˣľ񣬷óúͣϾЩһȻʲô֮ģ˼ȴǴûбԹ
ΪЩ֪ԼôԹսˣֱ˳ܣԼϴЩ²ûдϾԼϴֻΪ̫˰ˣҲûģЩСǲŻƴ棬ȻˣЩˣǰЩ˾ģ˵Ҳڴģ֪ܲܰǸŮ˵Ĳȹ˭֪ˣһ
ҲԱʱ򣬵Ѿ³ţӦþǴ˵֮еǸʲôäֻ֢ä֢ȷʵҲΣֲôˣջûаŮ˸κá
ԼȥֻϣǧҪЩһͶԼĲǱģֻֻҪԽһŮ˸κãĲһķݶϣĶԴĻԱһԼĶ֡
ֻһرĳ飬ԼֳԽرͣҪ֪ܹһŮһӣҲ˴飬ȻˣЩ˵̫ɵˡ
Ͳֵ˵ǣֻһԼвףԼΪҪȻֻΪԼǸİŮУһο
˵Ҳú£ֻҪȥİŮȥҽξͺˣϾѾҲҪˣһǲò˵ӣҲϣľһľҵһܹŮƺõˣҵжŮ˿ǷֻϣŮ˲Ҫܵκεʹ࣬Ҳͺˡ
ֻԱ˵ţʮѹıͷóҲǲ죬Ȼ֪һһ飬û뵽һҲ˵ʱ
˱˹һСܸԼˮųһﰲοˣʵҲûбҪıۣϾ˵ҲҲѾµ֢û´ĻӦǴ˵֮еä֤
֢״رΣµʱ򻹵ҪһŬΪЩҩģ治һ˾ɵģһЩҪȥɽϲܲժ֪żҲҪЩǿɲһܹժġ
Щ֮ԱУʱоһ˿ϣϾ֮ǰЩҽɶ˵ԼŮ˵Ĳ֢ǳͲͬˣ֢״ȻֱӰ֢˵ˣҲȷʵ˲ò壬Ȼˣ˵ĶԲԣǵҪԼУҺ˵˵ʱԼİŮ˵ƣʱһŹġ
Щһܿɭ֮У벻ԱɾȻһطȷʵңһɽͷĴɭ¡
֪ΪʲôҪʱ򣬳ȷʵҲܲ죬ԭΪǸΪýΪýʱ˵ҪһʮĹĵطԱȥˣԱȥ˺üУȻĶ
ｨһСǱԶԶؿȥһСһ㣬װ꣬óرϲţԱȻвţȻĻҲ뵽ĵط˵ΪýϲˣκһŮˣϲֻǿϧ첻ۡ
ΪʲôûΪûĲ֢뵹ҲͦģȻ˳֪Լ˵⻰ȷʵЩ̫ΣֻϣԼһΣ԰ΪýƺãԺǰԱҲͲǺΪˣԼ롣
û뵽ոߵ·ȴͻȻһˣɽǱˣһȺʽĴ磬һ´ţȻһֳвɫ֪ǰЩˣԭһɽͷϵİɣֽٻȻһ֣û뵽
ڳǰģȴһȺүǶһرˣֻǸ㲻ȺһΪʲôҪһ֣ȥ;ﲻģЩ˳ﵽʲô˼ԼûиЩйڣȻˣǰԱȷʵЩ֮󣬶ʱȻһüп϶ˣ˱ֱӳ˵
½ûôˣЩٻˣƽʱ۸ЩֵܣңһֱҪռǵĵ̣Ѿˡ
Щóһӣ˵ԱɣѾǺأҺˣôͻȻðһɣԼǰû˵ЩҲ̫ҪˣԼû²ܹɣ˼ҵģûиأҲͼæԱȻ˹ȥ


652 ٻ
Ϊ׵ǸٻİȴһʮˣرһȻ˫ǻ꣬Ʈţ·Լϵİٻһ㣬ǿ˵ӡ
ѾóرŻ£ôôĵˣ治֪ЩһôģҲˣˣԼҲҪʶʶνʲôٻжȻԱɣҲɵ֣ӽкϷˡ
˵ٻ֮ǰҶ˵ˣֻҪ㾮ˮˮôɻǿԺúദģǰǰɲԶҺûȥŹǣϣǽҲһӣϾм£ϣϿǹȥԺҪлĻһԵȥлġ
Ҫ֪Ա˵ĻѾĲˣٳãǱôãľͲ֪ˡ
ϾΪԼ棬ԱǿǸʮıˣܹȵһģľֻǸеŮˣǾЩȻŭǸٻİһﵽǸʲô
ΪʲôҪﵲѵôҪԼĵ̲ãȥ˵ĵ̣ûмô޳ܵˣȻˣûֱ˵Ǹ˼ҲѾˡ
û뵽Ѿ˱ϥˣǸİٻȻ·ûһֻǴЦǹЦֱóöġ
Ӵιû뵽һǽݹ˵ԱȻ˵ЩӵĻҿӲȻĻؽ죬ıжˣǲ˼
ΣҪǲǰɵԿףҽĻͱȥҵȻҲ֪ˣô˵ΪǸţҪ֪ǸţʲôѽǵҪŮһӣ֪ӻẦһӵ㵹ңԺһЩ
ԭԿףǸղٻ˵ģǸʲôɵԿףɵĴţǰԿ׸˱˵ĻôȨɾͲԼˣڸ߱ˡ
ǵİɣѾͶ˱˵İɣˣǾԲܹ׸ģȻĻ°֮䣬ͻһЩ벻飬ȻˣҪ֪֮ǰĻٻͲҸԱԿġ
ʱٻｨʱֻһССİɣҴҸû˵ȴǲͬˣԴԱɣһֱΪǸΪýĲ飬±ߵʱٻɣȴǽᣬطչǻĻʤ˻ǲһ
ٻɣһֱԱǿʵأſռΪУҪ֪Ա£ټ֮ǰôУԱԱɣǿǻֺ껪
Ҫ֪һʮָߵǽһЩƵĽΧһЩٲȻһССǽ棬ʲôĶУҪʲôǶӦоС
ǵõԱɵĻôٻʱٻİΪܰʱԼҲһССĹˣ뵽ٻʲôҪԱԿأ
Դ֮ٻİһֱԱİ໥ֿΪ˱ģΪ˶ȡõĵ̣Ҷ֪һõĵ̣˲ܹõķչ԰ٻɣҪռ˼ҵĵ̣ȻԼȨټٻİҲǰˡ
Ȼȥر˾öģǲò˵һҲб£֪ѧϰһù򣬷ԱЩ˵ԱٴΪŮ˳ȥѰǮʱ
ٻѾϵˣ˱׼·ԱأȻԱҪǸϾûԿ׵ĻЩ˸ͽȥԱɡ
ԭ߸ߵĳǽ棬Ա׼һĴûԼеԿףЩ˸޷ģȻҲ޷⵹ΪԼС
ԱǿӦоУҪԵĶҪȵĶҪĶҪĶ;ԻõģСһн֣Ҫ֪İɣһҪأټٻɵİɲԱܹóȥȻҴԼЩ˳ȥУرۺ죬ÿοԼԱߵɣһǮʱ
ӼҪĽĵڵˣֻܹԱҧҧΪԼûǸ˵ڳԺڵĻٻȴǱ˭ҪŲĿˣȻ˳ǰٻ
УľΪûӣŤŤȥģһǶǲ֪ΪʲôԼûпٻѾţһرǿѹطǴϱŷġ
ȻˣԼİŮǲӵʱ򣬿ǰԱŭˣԼκˣԼİŮˣҲ˲ˣһҲԱֱ߳ŭȻָһ
˵ˣôҵνҲ׼İŮˣҵŮǸӣһӾֻһŮˣˣԱɵԿס
ǲܸģ㻹İɣҪԺٸҶҵŮ˵һĻұֱҪҪΪǰٻڷչˣͿԸҸҿ⣬ֻ飬Ų㵢飬㲻ҪҪҪĻϿҹ
ԱˣǸٻİװźܺµӣ˫šţһЩõ廨ӵϣȻЦ·ûаʲô飿ǳѾ֪ˣԱѾ𣬿ҪһͷˣԼ벻ףԱߵЩٻɵĳԱ
ΪʲôԸһʲôô˿ҲˣΪЩһÿ˵ĸ첲ϣһۺɫһӡӣӦþǴ˵еĻҪֶ֪أƶصˣĥȻһЩҩƷڸЩ˷£Ͼͻ¶һһķţÿòҩĻЩ˱оڷ·һ仨һ
͸У֪ԣЩΪ˽ҩҲǱĻڳҲˣǿЩˣҪƽ޹ʵĸһǶһˡ
ȥЩĵ飬ҲǣϾΪԼҲǱҪģȻһٻԱĻ֮ƺҲرĲˬʱԼǰǸľӣȻ㳯Ա˹ٻȥûʲôӡ
ûйͷû뵽ȴҲǸĽɫֲܹΪٻɵÿıһЩͣȻĻҲƽ޹ʵľͳΪݵĶ
˵˾ǻʹҲҪ취ЩĸԸĳЩȻĻҲûκõģҪǿԵĻʱؾͻɢ˳Ŷһ롣


653 
һǣٻɵˣȫһĳߣҿ˵ͽЩÿնժһЩʵĻ꣬Ȼĥ֭ҺÿշãԭҲеһرķÿʳĶԼǿ壬ȷʵһЩҽѧϵġ
Ҳ֪Ӧþҽѧϵҽƻ˵ʳƣԹֲǰٻɵˣÿһֵģȥһУȻİٻȥʮֵȴԿɼ
ӳʱԱȴǼæóеǸѪӣ˹ȥʱӱڿбˣôɢõǣȴû뵽鲢û¶ˣͻȻ֮С
ɹƬ꣬һӱ㳯Ա˹ԭİٻݵģһϮģķڹۿҪԱϣȴû뵽һɫıһԾ˳ЩȫƬȻĵڵϣˡ
ԭֵĲǱˣǳ֪Щ溬о綾ǰԱСĴ˵ĻҩΣٻǺݶȻֱʹɱﵣǺαأҪ̲һɣҲڽԭİɵİɱˣɼ˵׺ݳ̶ȡ
ǵһĵزȻ˵ĻԼҲܲˣοԼӦԱһҪԱԱİŮ˸κã˽Ҳ˲ֻ࣬ҪԱõĶԼҪ֣Ϳٻ
һ󻨽ϣȻŤŤģرĲˬȻˣĻΪãЩһﱻİٻԱɡ
ıݵĻµʱЩȫΪٻķ²İɵҲˣЩ˱ضҪǸҪ֪ʲôĶȻÿηýҩԽԼȻ
ֶöˣȴվԼ̣еҲֻгһ֪ЩͽǣͲãȻˣΪÿʳ֭ˮͿԼһǿǳ롣
ͻȻ֣ʱٻסˣǸʲôˣôҪ֪Լ꣬Լķû뵽ȴһ͵ϸĴһϵǰѱҲЦһ£ѹأⲻǴ˵֮еǸ౦
ǵ֮ǰϰ˵࣬õҲǹǿģȻĻѱûģ˿ǰʮֿεСӣû뵽ȻǸӺˡ
ǲ¶ɫĻԼǲԼ۾۾໥һµʱ򣬵ҲȫˣԭһһֱԹۣΪ۾֮еǹǿҵƣѾѹٻЩˡ
֪λ˧ǺˣΪʲôҪأҪ֪ҺԹ޳ҲûбҪ飬ȻĻʱֻǵԼǣǾûʲô˼ˣⱾǰٻɻԱ֮飬޹߻ǲҪֵΪãϾ֮ĺ
ٻѾˣԼµһջЩеĵ౦ϣʹ˰֣ҪǣΪ鱾͸ûйϵǳΪʲôҪ֣Ļûʲô˼ˣǳɲô룬ȻԱˡ
ôҪ鸺𵽵ף۽ΣҪԱɣٻɸˣϾҪЩܻˣȫȳЩ˿񻹱ڹ
ΪԼٻͿԶǿ׳Ǿǳ룬Ҫ֪ҩԶˣã˵ЩҩˣȻ˵Զƶ仰˵ȷʵǱϾҩĻиãЩһ̫ˡ
ԱߵԱҲǺܲ죬ʵղԼҲ֪ǸԼĻԼûȥΪýˣû뵽ȷʵˣҲҿԼҪȻĻǲ룬ԼûаԼİŮ˸ˣǰԼСȥˣЩ֪˵ʲôá
ЦЦȻߵٻǰԼıĻ˻ӣЦЦ˵ȻҲ֪ǰٻʲôʱģҲû˵ҽ컹Ҫ㣿
ôĵȥȻĻҰЩ¸˵ʱֻ޹⣬ûԼ߰ɣҿ϶ǹܶˣΪҴӦ˵飬һҪ
˵ţĽŵµһݺݵӵһԣǰٻ˸ˣûֻм˱˹׼ŵĳʰû뵽ոߵߣȴǱǸ౦Ľʣݺݵ˹ȥ⼸񿾴һһĵڵϣҴҪ֪ղſȥû
ԼڹȷʵѾЩһ޻˵ԼɵСܣ˸۸ˣٻȻҲҲ಻סˣֱӴԼϳ
Ȼóһ֯ɵӣӣֽٻӣҲٻİɣҲνˣǲò˵ÿ꣬Сһƽϡ
Щ㣬ȫͿĶأмǸǲСĽЩ֭Һϻ˵Ƥϣʱ򶼻·һԿԿóٻܹ֮ڵӦþݶֶΣŻ˰ɣڷóˡ
ȻԼҲԼˣ񶾵ֶΣԲܹȥȻĻʱ򻹲֪˺˵ԼߵСܶϷŹĶʲô䵱һɵİΣԼǾԲģ
˵Сӣ·㲻ߣ㴳챾Ǵһģ㳤㿡λǲɱ㣬Ͼ˷Դ㵹ã˼ҵĻҸǲ˼ҵĸܣֱӳҵСܣʵҷŭݹҲˣҲʲôˣøٻڣ
˵еޣ㳯ųشˣԭǰطΪٻڣ֪жڵϵ׼ɱٻΪԼ˱𣬿û뵽ȫط
һɱˣƯһ׻طȡΪٻڣҲԵɵģ˵ˣططҪĸˣ֮Ϊٻ֮Ĺأġ
ȻֻЦǲò˵ٻȷʵ򲻴һ޻ӹһ⻨ǵϣҿеǸ౦һʱӴڵϣȻĻԼѾմȾЩأʱҪҲûǸ㹻ʱƽҩˡ
ٻһֱӶı£ЩϾӵĳ̫ȻѱԵֵסӣȴ޷ٻ
ϾϵĶأͦǵģϾЩأȷʵûúýҩԼҲ޷
һΪʲôʿҲһͨ˰ˣҸ㣬һֱţҲûõģȵƣʱʱҵĻ̼ȫж


654 
Ȼ֪һֱȥĻʤĿ϶ٻİԼԲ鷢˵ˣԼȻѾ㱣ԱԱСܣôһҪ뷽ԸٻһıϣȷʵմرĶء
һţһ߳Ÿ˹ȥҪ֪ĶأһرĶԸʣǱһֵֽĢĢֻҪһ֭ҺȻͿĨԼϡ
ֻҪζɢǸ䵽ԼϣҲôΪ廥ƵģԣʲôӰ죿Ȼˣ֣ǿɲôҵģܿһ£ǷˣԱ߱һţ˶ûпǲ֪
ֶȻԵҩûа취һĹ֮£һֱ޷㣬ֻܹһֱֿ֣رƣһԼܹõǸԱߵȴͲԼ˼ͻȻ֮ԱԼ˹
ʱԼԿİٻǸٻҲˣ˭ԼһĹȻˣʱԱʹһɫΪղŴӳܵǸԱѾµˡ
ʲôһֱҪõȴֵò˱붼룬ֱӳ˹ϣ԰ȻٻĹ
ɲô׾ֵܹģһϿȥ׼飬ȻĻľ޷֮ԿﳯԱһͷֱܵǸط
ְǸɫĢ˹ʱۿɫıӣѾҪԱϣҿ౦ԱȻĻĲ룬ıһĻ
ЩˣΪ˶֪ٻأûнҩģЩֵĻȫǵİٻƵģԣֻļһ
ҩЩͽȴȻﱳٻԼĶҩЩȴȻϰ
óЩò˼飬ʱҲ˵ģȻĻҪЩһѣЩһﶼ֪Լֶ̡֮
Ҫ֪֮ǰоЩΪ˱ľΪԺںڵϣЩʹöˣԶЩһһֿû뵽ȴľõųϣǿ̫ˡ
Ģ߹ʱ򣬷ǸٻЩ֣˸ʲôһҪӣǹأԼжıӡ
ҲͲẦκˣû뵽Լűӣʱ򣬳ûںֻǰϵĢˣʱǹζѾ֮УҶʱסˡ
ĢҲжصģҿٻеӣֻҪĻ꣬ĢĶβ໥кͣôûʲôˣԵһıӶʱٻסˣôأԼǸжصģֶҩɽ⣿
Ȼ֮ǰԼЩʹ˻Լȴרŵֻ۷䣬۷ǸصӻҲܹӸƣΪԼر
ЩٿԼ֮꣬ΪԼѾ㹻ˣȻ鲻ܹκ֪ƽʱЩ˺ʻ֭ˮΪɣʻ֭ˮҲӻصķչ
ΪЩ˻Ϊǿ壬ֻΪҩˣôһĢܹƻԼأȫûеģοԼٻô꣬ͻȻ֪нҩԼԺ·ľϼˣȻҲǲò˵
뵽֮ٻЩ߳ŭˣҲ˲ֱ࣬ӴԼĶͳ˼һҩӣȻų˹æеȫ
ִԼĻҲͳ˼Űɫҩ˹ȥʱ⼸ҩһȻһŰɫԭղٻӳģǱģֶ裬ϵĻһζҲȫȻ̱ڵϣˡ
û뵽ȻٴĽⶾҩ裬ðٻʵܲˣƽûԼˣ¾Ȼˣƾ⼸ȻԽڵռӻԼ̫ˣοǵ˴ùˣȻԼ֮ǰɵЩ
ȫûãôԼҲûбҪ˷ʱˣǸϿ쳷˱ȽϺã˱׼ԼЩСǣȻ뿪
ҼסˣǿϣȻԱɣһǻģΪɱҵģҵĶκ˶ߣܹе£Ҳͼһƴģ
˵֮һ׼ԼСȥû뵽ȴֱӽЩ˵ȥ·סҲԱ֣æ˹ȥȻڳĺ棬ʵֻҪЩ뿪ͺˣϾȥԼİŮ˲ҪȻ׼˵ڣԱ֪һ֪صˣ»иҪ飬ȻĻҲżҲѡԼ͸ϡ
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ЩЩ֮󣬶ʱסˣҪ֪ǰ֮еܣôܱߵֻ֪֤һ飬һ˵ģ˱е۾ȫٻһôܹ˵ĺݶ
Щ˵û뵽һȻԼѻңˣֻǹԼǵ棬Щ˱ǿʱҲǺܿĵģɶԿʱǾСһû뵽Ȼиá
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ҲЩˣôҲԼһЩвڣѾȫˮ棬̧ŽӵˣֱӰӵһԣٻһ˳ȻݺݵĿЩһȻȻԼ˵ʲôûˣôҲͻȥˡ
ֻļһָЩ˱㿪ʼŭЩ֪ôĶҸǣǻΪǰǵҵֵ𣿸ǣǻ治䣬Ϊֻõżˣˡ
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ЩѾȫܵӰÿûнҩĻǱҲ·һȫڵϣųȻܹмôҲ˵
϶ҲǿԵģԼ廹棬ȫúٿԼĶظ˵ˣһҲ˵ҲǸİٻ˵ⶾĻ»Ҫһ٢
ֻΪ׵ǸˣѵǰȻһӹųų˵֪֮ǰǵĴǲӦΪһʱԼԾͲһУˣȵˣŻףʵЩ飬Լô򵥣˱һһӡȻĻ£ҪͶȡɣȫܵġ
Щȷʵǳ˵ģû뵽һȻԼˣǿǲȻֿ˿һֱڵϵЩһϾЩһҲܺˣԽͲ󷢴ȱȻЩһ
ԣúõģԺúõٲ֮ǰǸӣ˵ˣԼҲ˵޵ˣû֮󣬳ڳ˼֮У˵˻ֻЩȷʵЩˣȫоʮֵĻ졣
˰ˣҽͰһΣǸˣǶôӦңԺǧҪ飬ΪֻܵģЩ鲻ܡ
ƽ޹ʵľͻǵߣҪһһŬУҲҪ룬Ǳøǿǲܵġ
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ҳҲһ⣬ԼԽᣬȻԱЩȫ£ʱѰٻҲշúܳԶԣŻӾЩˣȻˣҪģΪЩļһûбҪȥ
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ǸİٻȴǷҪвЩԣЩҲֻܰԼԸ
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ЩǿţǻʵΪЩˣµɽȥĻ»ǻҵһɣΪĻԱɣǮ£Ҳ˵ٻɣǸԱĲԶԣҲûκε㡣
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Ҳûʲô˵ģȻˣ֮Ի룬ΪЩл
˳֮дҲˣϾЩܵٻݱѾ԰ٻ֮ǣͲðһֱӸɱ˵ˣԼղҲˡ
ٻİЩֱӸɱˣը÷飬ԣӦûлģٳľԼӦӲУô˵ҪԼİŮβ
ԼûеĻǽɾûа㷢չĿˣȻΪԼİŮˣһȥûκġ
ԱͷȻųеİٻС˵ǶͦˣǿڳϣԲŻǵԱɣǱұ֤Ժ󣬷ʲô飬ǶվǰɵǶ˵飬ȻĻ
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ҲһҪأȻĻֱӰǸߣǳΪ飬ҲǾԲԵģҲϣһʺһࡣ
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ԱһƢԼ˽ⲻˣԼûа취Ů˸˵Ļ
ʱһ϶ԼƴģԼνˣǣǽ¸İǣǿԼˣԳرĽš
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ҳҲ֪ԼǸŮ׼һЩһЩҩӣҲûô򵥾ͿԴģҪǰԱʧˣǿǰŮӣԼĲôŮ˾ӰԼֻܹˡ
㲻õҵģ϶չ˺ԼֻרΪһλʮˣ԰㣬ϵ֢ܹҩ
ֻһһ˵ţһ߳ͷ
ȻΪý֪Լ֢ҩˣǣǰȥȴ·ǰ㱾һΣܻоãһҪر
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ǵ֮ȴ·˹һ˵һɫֱӱԱŵУһеһУȥӦöѧı£Ȼƽҽһ
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˵˵һȻֱӾ͸ˣЩˣ׻˵úãж᲻ᵯжϥлƽ𣬾ΪԼţǣҲԼӡ
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֪ҩεʱԱʱȼϣǳ֮ȴǰģΪģΪ֪ϣٰ֮ϣĥָоرܡ
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˵ļᶨҲжˣĻԼҲûбҪˣ˵ܹҩƷ
Ҿ˵˵ܹҳأɽϵɽѩȥɽϸոժģһҪŵȻñ鱣һȾܹУΣȪȪˮҪȪˮ֮У²һһ
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һҪҵѩñѩɸΪ֮û뵽ԱȴҧҧȻ󻰶û˵ֱӷԸԼ⼸Сܡ
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֪һﵽʲôǻǰһķԸˣһĴ£һɽһɽϣһӿóЩˣΪԼǰģǱġ
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ȻһЩϰԼǹļһЩ׼齨һӣȻˣǲܵģԼһֱɻľͻðˣΪ𳵣ĶɻҲֱܹӷɵɽȥ
ֱȥͲһˣ֮ǰֱɻȻϲɽҪ֪ٶǿǿ֪ģǿ˿ǰԱһﵽܲУ
ϾɻҪһģΪһʱĳ嶯ԼһȫȥˣǿľͲֵˣǻûȳѯʣѾһֱӸɻĲգȻִ˼յ·óϡ
Ǽɻϵ˾ȻһֱӺԼϴǸɻСҲֻεĵͷȻ׼˼ɻõͣŵ˺棬Ҫ֪Ҫ뿪ɽȥĻ
ȻٶȿҪͲĻǼֱҪģԵոջ·ʱͱһק˷ɻû뵽ոʻϣҪԱȻѾȶɻţʱֱɻֱӳʶȥ
ʱĳȷʵոջԼߵİƮʱ̵Ǽȴֽ̼š
ΪǵһֱɻЩԼߵʻԱûǸ£ʱſţٴԼ굽ǿɾЩˣ˵ˣԼûиϤɻӦ˵Ϥ˿ɻ
¶ѾˣҪҲѾˣûа취ֻĬĬϣһﲻҪԼڣҲҪԼʧҪ֪һУΪһİˡ
֪϶һӣҲò㣬ΪİŮˣҲҪǿԵģһʵǶԲˣӰҲǶһЩԹҲò˵ûа취ʵǲ˼ˣΪ˾İˣֻˡ
һУһ£ûбֻͷ԰ˣһеһУлǺܹģ˱ԼߵһȻЦЦ
ųһ˵֪ҲΪİŮˣܹ㣬һ֧㣬۽ΣֻҪȥˣôͲҪڣ˵ˣЩ飬ұø㣬ҪĻȷʵЩѣš
ֻʣһܵʱˣ㻹ǸϿɣŬȻһи⣬㣬ܹģҿ϶Ȼ㡣
ЩȷʵԱرĸжϾԼȷʵûʲôԹ𣬾֮ǰһҪЩͨϰգǱϾ£ԼѾûʱȥЩˣ˾ǳˣҲûʲôϵģ˵ˣԼŻҪþҽ
ԼҲûа취ˣοڳһֱһǱԼͿԵõʤԼŻûֹԱԼΪΪԼǰϣǸ鷢
ΪͻȻֱɻһˣǶЩ޷ģοԼҲֻһͨ˰ˣԼڱпˣرΰ󣬿ôأ
ԼҲֻͨһԼе뷨Ҳֻͨûʲô˵ʱԼһͨ˹ڣԼȴǴûзԼ죬ǰһҪԼţôð죬Լһȥˣһһһԣܲܰɣ
·ϣԱԼԼ֮ǰΪýЩ飬ȷʵòĺҵʱΪýĻǰԱľѾȥˣʱԼ̧ͷŮʱ򣬼ֱǿʹָоǰҲйִĵġ
Ȼˣò˵ԼУǿǴһֱǸ룬ϣΪýһӾȥû뵽;ȴ飬Լ֪ΪʲôԼİŮˣزԼʲôΪýһֱһرŮ컹ǲۣú磬ȴܹó
֮̽£ĳ˺ѣʱţҲɽԽԽΪԽԽߣ±ԽԽֱͣӣЩˣɫĴɽʱ򣬳Աʱȫסˣһĳ
ѩѩ׵ģǼ֮⣬ĶԼĿˣĻ֮£ôȥѰǸɽѩҪ֪ɽѩһǽҲЩѩ֮Уѩôܹããİѩ֮УǼòͬѰİɫ˽ֱͣһôԱߣȻְֱ˩˴ϣȻˣ֮Ǻ£һѩֱӰֱĴȥ飬ڵϲ֪ٴˡ
׳ӵʱͦģû뵽ԱȥرĴرүǶû뵽˼Ȼ˵ܣֲܹһɸӡ
û˼Ļ»겻񣬲ԼЩããİѩлЩ𣬱ϾҪѰɽѩϼѣʱֻǸԱֱɻȥȻһϣһԼϡ


659 ȡ
ԭȻ̽ǣֻҪĻ԰ŵȫҳЩٹףֻҪôҲܹҳģװ硣
һתķеСȻǰķ裬űγһԲȦ䵽ϣе͹ԣĻôͿ̽
߾ͻᷢδδҪ֪һ㶼ڵʱŻõϡ
ΪҪ̽ǣȻȥ̽һ£ΧûлŵȻҲֶ֪ǿǸ߿ƼģֻЩרҵԱſЩǰԱ
ȻҲ԰ЩóԼǲòԼҲò˵ǶǸΪýģֻ˵˵
û뵽ⶫͦȫģطһû뵽ҪֶȻҪ۲죬Ƕ౿أҲطȻܹõĶ
һʹ̽̽ΧܹĶһ߳ԱߵԱ޵
ԱҲһ߲һЦŵͷʵҲרȥ׼ģֻʱеʱͻȻͦģҲ͸˻һֱŵֱɻϡ
Ȼھóˣ治ò˵ϲԵİţͲҵΪýħܣ˵ǲأ
˵ȷʵ壬ҪԼʲôʱһǣȥһŮ˵ĻҲһҸ飬ȰˣİŮ˸˵ɡ
Ҳ͹˲㿪ʼ̽⣬ֻҪ˵ɽϻǱģܿȥȫѩѩ׵ѩʱҪӣʱЩѣˡ
ǿ˿ԱŬԱԼʹ̫ѨԼ죬ҪҵɽѩԼ˵ɽѩʯͷ
ΪֻſԵסѩ٣Ҳò̾ɽѩǿºüȵ¶£Ǻüʮȵ¶ȣȻֱܹһ漣Ϊһ򣬲ɽѩеҩԣΪ˸ǧ˲һһζҩ
ʵҲûб˵棬ֻɽѩΪ࣬ܵɽĶ
ԶһĲ֢ǿԿƵģä֢Ҫ֪ä֢һ෢ϣϵǲУ֣˵ɭһ㲻ܶ෢ä֢
Ϊֲ֢һ㶼һֽаֳӣһҧ֮󣬱ķžͻγֲ֢һֱǾ񣬶һʹʱʣ˵
ɭ޷ֳӵģΪֳӣֻɳĮ֮вŻУһóкǻɡ
Ա˵ԼûдԼŮ˵ɳĮȥɵأ͸һˣԼȸԱƵҩ˵ɡ
ѾһѶˣȵȥȥǾʲô˵顣
ԳҲ˲ˣֻǰԱһֱѰңû뵽ȴͻȻ˵δδıˣΪɽ֮ϣĶֲȫǻ˵ģɽѩѾµˡ
㳯ط˹ȥû뵽ȴ˲۾ǱľȻһֻϣţҿȥϾҪˣΪ򣬱˿ӦðԼصȥ
ȻԼļ룬ĽԼ𣬿û뵽ֻȴǸֿͬˣҲǲ²⵽ˣһﵱʱܵʲô̼ʲôΣգԣŻһ˴뵽֮󣬳ȻֱӰطŵԼĻУǸС·֪˼һȻֱվ˳ĻΪĻǸůˣֿʼѰҡ
ΪСϴˣԺܿ˱ٴηһֱҵɽѩɽѩʱ˶סˣû뵽ɽѩȻƯ
׵Ĳãϣѩ˵Ľףɽѩ꣬ȷʵѩӵİ𪣬ȻˣѾҵһˣҲһЩο˾Ͳֱӱ˷ɻΪҪȥҵڶڶĻľ͸ӵˡ
ΪϾҪȥѰȪȪˮҪ֪ɽѩΪҵģȪȪˮȴǸӵңΪȪҲر֣Ǻɫġ
ȥ޻ڣ·ǱһټĺأɫȻǿ֪ˣˮв㣬ȴı峺²ʱǾǸӲ˵ˡ
ȪȷʵѰңΪɽѩԷֲϾֻҪɽˣпɽѩǾȪȷʵûôˡ
ΪȪȪˮϾֻһֻĺȪȪˮطܹҩЧã裬ܻȥ֮һɫǻĲ֢ȴȫʧˡ
ΪȪһȪǴصðģԭǻɽ緢ģ׶Ǹɽ̿һֱڵţԲŻȪˮһֱر󣬶Уһֱطرʥǰûȥֵط
û뵽θպýᣬԸԱһȥѰһ£ñɽѩ
лͦԺģϾտʼԼûоõû뵽򲻸ˣЩ㲻ȥվû˻֪ܲȻˣҲףˣѻ࣬ǿ˿ǰԱ֮еļᶨԼҲǧܷ
û뵽ɽѩȻô׾ܹҵˣΪҪϺܴľʣôĸϾҲһЩˣοôҪҵȪȪˮôʣһҲǱȽϺҵģϻϣģȻˣҿǰ׼ôĶȻĻģϣǺãġ
еıϣ˳ȻһСУϷŽȥְиղŲժһЩҶӣСΪϿԻ
Ļ֮ԱҲЦЦϾԼ֪ԸԼһǰѾرĲˣοҪԼô飬϶رۣ͸ûйϵǳȴԾԸԼɽˮðգʵտʼɻʱ
ԼҲǺܵǵģϾԼһβһСģͻɻ˵ֱΣգ뵽ʵԱҲǺܵǵģһɳ徢ＤԼǰǱģԼİŮˣһ뵽ΪýҪЩҩԼҲҲ˲ˡ
˱ͬ˵Ļ˵лһǰѰЩĻҲɽѩ׼ôõĶչ黹Ҫ;ϲС
ȻĻҲǰװ׷˵̫ˣôҶҪε飬úõİİŮ˵Ǯκãֻ˵ЩҩʱĻ
µʱûʲôãһʱɾЩÿˣ֪һУҲ֪ҶΪýĸ飬ϣҪʧ


660 Զǧ
ʵԱѾòˣϾһʱ䣬ȻֱӰɽѩҵˣͱҪȪȪˮҵȵڶ֮
ҲͻѣϾԼһİգֻڶȭȴرңȻֱɻڶطϸѰһȦ֮ȴԾûһĿꡣ
ΪģΪطȷʵعϡʱǰȫһƬĺأȪȪˮǺɫģԸ໥еĻ
ǸϾҲģԳԼҪ书ˣߵˣҲԱȴģԱãԼŬǶһҪȪˮҵΪԼڣӲԼİŮܵʲô˺
û뵽طȻ֮֮ǰȫһ
Щط˹ȥȷʵˣ˵Ȫȴһɽ֮ϣңɽȷʵĸɽ໥ţȻְȥһɽȣӣɽ档
һȪԳһֱرɽ֮䰼͹ĵطϣԷһЩǶѾôãȴȻûаϢʱȷʵЩˡ
ԱЩ֮󣬿ȥһľ״̬ӦòûзҲûбŭ
ȻһİŮˣŮˣȴû˶ʧȥǣٻ֪ҪΪŮҵҩ
ȻˣʵͦڵģΪԼȷʵй䷽һһҩϣֻϧʱˣͲ֪ŵȥˣȻĻҲûôľ
Ȼ˵ʵ˵ǰȷʵͦѾģԼȷʵͦ塣
٣ǰжమˣԱ˴Ϊ˶ԷһУԼΪԹ۵ˣû뵽ȷʵԸһȻѰң˵ĻԼһʥˡ
ʵԼûôãֻΪЩˣҲЩͨϰգܵв˲ŻһЩˣվҪԱû뵽ʱ򣬳ͻȻܵһ޴ȶȡ
·Ǵ洫ģԺ֮жʱ뵽ˣ׻˵ĺãȪһȪȪһ㶼ڻɽ£ԲŻ¶ȣ˵Ļ
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ղҸܵһ¶ȣأӦþȪģҾбҪȥһȻղҲûпκεйȪĶǣʱʲôܹǰԻˡ
׻˵ĺãɽв֪ɽֻԹ߲ܹʱЩ˾¿¿ҪĶأ
ľ飬ʱԼҪĶԼߣҪ֪˸ոʱ򣬾طҰط˳㣬طλڶвĽ紦
˾øͲܣΪ˵ȫڶô򵥾طĻҲ˵ȥȴͻȻܵ¶ȣûôˡ
ȻˣҲֻ֪Լͻ룬ӦһԣѾôĵطˣȴԾûаϢⲻЩ𣿶ˣԶ
϶ҪĵطȥѰˣȴԾûаϢ;Ҳʹˣ˿˿ֱʱ򣬶ʱסˣҲò˵ȷʵӣһֱǸһ
ȻһһѯʣΪ˵ϣжЩ·ˣԵеģϢˣټѾ·ôãȴ۲
ֱ˯ˣҲǹһȵҹ棬ȻǰΪѾ˯ˣȴԾţȪĵط
ȵڶһһ㷽棬ټһѹɣҲͳ˾ûӪĶȷʵЩʵ˵ⶼѾ˵ˣҲĻľҪˣǿǰԱһһ㣬¶Űҳ
˳ǻȥҲһҪҵΪ˱ģΪǰԱ˼٣ԼҲģϲһ˵ĻԼ˵ġ
ԼһȻߵԱЩţϾطովѾˣһԼĳء
ԱһڿȪˮȻεҡҡͷ˵Ĳ²пܵģǱϾطôѾôˣټ֮ǰҲѯʹصİգЩ˸Ͳ֪ʲôȪֻܹ޹ɢҪȻʲôȥĵطɣ˵ĵطҵȪˣ
ǳȴԱķԣֱӽֱ½̸סˣֱĽȥ֪ѾǿˣԼٶ˵ҲûãֻðĻ
˱㽫ֱͣȻֽ˩һôϣϾĶǱ˿ˣʱһᱻ͵ֵģοʺĵطһЩũ񣬿ЩһΪʲôĶʱԼǵ鷳Ͳðˡ
һСׯ֪ͨټǸ¶ȲԼƣȻڶط궼رģԴӹŴˣڹŴʱ
طǱŵЩ˵ģΪ䣬ЩˣŻᱻŵططһֱٵع㣬ΪģΪȷʵط̫ˣǵ죬Ų20ȡ
¶ȸߵĵط20ȸճͷɣǰطȥͲͬˣΪѾԸоط¶ȣѾ30ȣԼʱôû뵽¶Ϊθطͬ
ڲľҿܹȻĻ°ѵ͸ŹˣΪ˵̫ˣԱҲЩܣΪȪҶ֪ǿһʮ־޴ȪȻȪĻӦʮůĵط
˵ΪȪĲŻط¶رĸߣֻɽȥ·û˾סһ㣬ټԱѾֱͣɽȻǸʵǵģǲ֪Ȫɽĵط˲ŻҪ
ȻǸӣոɽ֮Уʱоرȡ
˻һףʱҲȻаһͷЩˮҪΪ˾Ҫ֪׵ĴɽĻǿҪѺܶ
һͷϵĺˮԱ֮ǰĻͬ˵֮ǰ˵ģҾȷʵոط;¶رĸߣ㿴¶ȣǿǱ֮ǰطҪ߳ʮȣҲ˵ģȪλɽ
֮ǰΪɽ緢ԲŻһȪˮ϶ֻطȥȴ·û˾סһ㣬֮ǰ˵ȪԱסһСׯׯˣػȪ𣿡


661 ޳֮ͽ
Ա˵Ļȷʵ٣ֻȫǳǸϿģΪȪרŵطػԽԽ࣬ҲγһׯҳһרűȪ֯ׯͽк壬ҴǴô˵طġ
ҪȪģȫ𵽱ĵطȥȫӵĻֱӰ߸ɱЩ˵ĶϵģûҲܹ϶ǲġ
ȴԾֻϣ鲻ҪģΪµǾ鷢֮ǰЩ˵ģǿԼҪȪȪˮҪһЩ
ȻˣʲôѣԼǲģңԼȻѾӦԱ
ôԼǸȥҲԲ飬;ϵģԼľ;ϣοѾطͲˣж౩¶ǿģѵЩȪˮˣǶ
ò˵Ȫˮ֮ȷʵرʣΪЩȪˮŻ˵˵ǵȪ֮нݵĻǾԲ˵ˣЩ˶ǿ塣
Ҳ٣˵ˣȪݣĻˣ϶ܻ꣬ȻǴ˵Ҳ֤Щˡ
Ҳر֣ζǲЩһ￿ǸȪЩ̨ߣٶǮҲǲԵģҪǿдȥ³ܲҡ
̧˳ЩˣΪסڴɽ֮Уһֱ£ɽеҰȫ̳ȻΪǣҸЩһ˸֡
ǿǸ˵ЩһЩֻЩһҲܶԷʲôˣֻҪе˳ȥЩ񷢷һ㣬ȥ߸ҧ
ǶˣЩӣȴǴڣֱӺ˵Ҳ˺ֵģЩרоЩȴûо͸ҲǺܲףΪλӣ
ҽҲˣԭЩӣСЩ˵£ﵱԼļңЩũ˵ԼĸĸѣԲŲЩ˶֣СӣǸոջ·ģѾʼѱˣ֪С¡
ҲΪ˶ԸߣʵĻЩģˣʱָô죿ҪЩһﲻϸԼȪȪˮѵԼҪԱӲ
ȻãչҲΪ˰ΪýȻķչǸزôľͲܹԼˣԼҲΪ˾ˣѶΪ֮ʱЩ黹Ҫõԭµġ
Ϊ˼ʱǰԱЩˡ
˵ô£ô֮ͻȻоʲôƵģǲʲô飿ûиңйϵģȫ˵Ҳǰһ裬˵и׼ϾѾˣҲġ
Ϊ³Աǰ˵Щ
û뵽ȴЦЦΪԼôܻأԼľģ±˵Թֻ˵»һǿԱ񣬳Ҳûа취Ҳֻܹ¸˵ˡ
˰ˣȻʵĻôðɣҲ͸㣬ΪģΪ˵ػȪˣûôǣЩˣ˵һЩֽ˵ЩǸսǺǿģһˡ
ЩĶ֣ǵʱ飬ǧҪӲƴֻƵ˵ףȷʵΪ˾İŮˣԲŻˣҪЩ˶ԿϾЩȷʵǺǵģ
һ㣬ȷʵû˵Ҫ֪ϾЩӣɲЩˣ㽲²սףЩһǾԲģǵʱĸЩƴĻ
ûʤİգһôţû뵽˽죬ȴͻȻ֣ϻЩ飬Щֵģڣ֮ǰ˵Ǹ͵û뵽ȴ֪ˣЩҪϼٱ
Щһ˵ڣֱһ׶һֱӴԱ棬û뵽һȴһʲôʱܹҩռȫȻԼİŮ˸ȳ
Ա֮УһЩʧ䣬ʱǰļһҲЩʵûбҪЩ˵ڵģֻԼԲŻˣû뵽ǰһ˺ˣǾòӦãȴûа취
ԼЩٰ֮ԱĻµʱֻԼӵ
˱ߵԱߣԱļȻ˵ĺˣΣʧģʱˣұЩƴˣ
ô˵Աʱ˾ţֻҪڣҲͲ᲻ðˡ
ǰţû߶Ȼ㵽һСׯǰ棬СׯȥЩԭʼѾˣΪǰЩԲεģҪ֪ЩˣӸεģΪȹԺãԭˡ
ڼǰѾңЩ˵ȪֹЧ˱һЩ˸ռˣЩռˣͨЭ̣ȻͬԼݲƲҲפ
ҲͷϢû뵽ȴǷչٻ˿ڣҲͦģﲢûʲô峤һÿ10꣬ͻѡ٣Ȼ졣
һǸţ壬ǾرֺҺˣһرļԼΣܵѹ
ȴû뿪ӣΪȪȪˮȷʵرõĹЧЩҲ뿪
ֻ峤ȴÿѹЩˣƽʱƯŮӣҲԼŮӵʲô֣ʲôݣֱӰŮӸߣ˼֮
ŵøϽֻЩˣһЩϸŮŸҳǰҸŮӵˣŵȫÿ춼Լ
ҳɫҲͰˣû뵽ȴر˭кöֱӸҲȥ˵ʲô·ЩԼһѡʱ򣬾Ϊһֱһ˵
ĲϣЩ˲ӦĻôֱӰһɱΪһεΪرĺá
ҶЩǣҲǸİԴҶҲرأûа취Ͼ涨ÿ10ûһΣһξѡһҪļһ
ҶܺڣҲûа취ֻܹƾһ۸ˣΪ˭ҪǸҷ


662 
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Աߵׯʱ򣬶ʱվ¥ϵһˣʹǰԱˣȻûз֣¥֮ϾȻһֱػš
ȻΪԵʣеȫѻÿ˶һƥǡ
ӦþǴ˵еȥȻͣΪÿҪһ߶ߣ֮дһЩ̹⣬Ȼ⼸һﱻ˸ѱˣ֮ǰеǹҰԣȴȫûбϴѵ˵ĻҲѹЩ˺Ͼһ￴ȥͲǺǵġ
ЩֵĻǰĳԱҪ˺ϡˣ֪¶ҪϾԼҲǵʲôģֻϣЩҪһȪˮ˵ԼڶûпȪҲȷȪˮڲ
Լ˻Ҫһȥⶨһ²УڸղŵʱѾĵ֮ǰǸǣ͵͵ܵׯĺ棬ΪֻǸطŻȪˮ
˵ʲôˣΪʲôǴׯϿȥﲻκģ
ͻȻЩȺУһˣ׷ԲԵģԭ֮ǰϾһֱԼԭζǲܹģΪЩˣǶǺöҪռȪˮȪˮǺöЩҲ֪ΪǴˡ
ʲôز֮󣬺һȪˮıƺõģȪˮţҲǰٲûУֺöԲ˸ߣҪȻԼӣҲͰװ׵ıϳˡ
ǰЩ׷ԲԵˣ۶ر壬Ϊ֮ǰ˵ˣ棬ǿǶһЩǵģǰЩˣЩˣľ͹һٶɣѵȪˮľôЧĻóӵĺˡ
ϣԽȪˮҳȻԼ볢ԣΪֶÿʹòУ˵ڼʹãֻ䲻һãûʲôЧ˵ˣǲȪˮã
Լڻ϶ֻԼУǸťȴͻȻˣʱæԱ
ȻͨǸǵĲⶨӵĺ棬ǱģԼһֱҪҵȪԱЩˣ׼壬ȴˣҪ֪Լˡ
Щô˶ԿĻǾûʤģ˵ôˣѵԼҪָڵ
ԼҲˣֻϣ¿ԺƽϾԼֻΪҪһȪˮûʲô˵ģֲЩĵ̨ع⣬ǵһʲôĿȻȪˮһӱ£ʱﲻǰ
ˣЩӦõĵģԼԱͲͬˣϾԼһõĿģΪ˾˵ԲŻҪȪˮϣ˿ԿϣԼһЩȻʹȪˮ뿪ˣûð˼
˳㼱æߵЩ˵ǰȻ˸ǵûб˼ֻ뵽ҪһЩȪȪˮΪǼһλ˵òˣֻпȪȪˮƵҩܹ˵ȻǲðҲҪ̫ȪˮֻҪһСƿͿԣ˵Ķ滰
ô˵ԱߵԱҲæͷȻŸ
˵λˣˣİŮѾûƭǣҲﴹǵǸȪˮΪ˾ĻҲԶֻܵϣǿԷȱȾİŮ˰ɣ
ΪȪˮģû뵽˾Ȼ˵òҿ˵ǸãӦòɷģǸȷʵˡ
ο˿ȥӦǸոմɽģ֮ǰ˿ȫ֮ͬǰֱӽǸɻˣرŰ裬ҲѹЩ˶Ը⣬ҲԸȪˮȥΪЩʵ̫ɶˣֻԱȴͬˣġ
ҲЩ˾ó˵İ飬ԱΪԼ˵ʱ򣬴ЩŮ㿪ʼЩͬˣ˶ʼȰϣƳӣϾֻһСƿȪˮֲʲôģԱߵЩˣĴǣҲʼߴߴģȥӦòҪ׶Ͼ룬ԱߵĳһЩϣϾԼֻҪЦرһ㶼
룬ֽӹеƿӣװЩʵ˵ðɣȻΪ˾ĻҾ͹һΣҲһȪˮˣȪˮȥ֮ǧܹ֪ǸǵģȻĻʱǿɻ᲻ġ
ΪرѰ죬û뵽ʹ죬ʹӦˣóԱߵԱرĸжԱ·𿴵ԼİŮˣҲǸΪýĴӴվЦųԼ߹ȻԼҲûʲô֢ˣҪ֪ô꣬ŮˣһֱЩ֢ĥţÿ϶˯žҲս
˵ͷİɣǿ϶Ὣ¸й¶ȥģ֪ǵĹأΣܹ˵õȪˮԸģĸмģллǵİ
˵֮󣬳㼱æԱЩٴξ˸
ʵЩŮˣһۿʱ򣬾ͱεոˣټϳֽôҵĹ£Щ˵ȻͱжˣҲԸȪˮó
һ׼չȥʱ򣬿û뵽ͻȻһˣֱӳȻеƿӸ˹ߵԱǰݺݵˤڵϣ֮дһЩӡ
ǾȻҪǵȪˮҲԼʲôҸòҪˣȪˮģɲܹݳ޵õģ˵ͷô£
֮ǰѵǴĹ涨ζǲܹȪˮ˵ģڵǺˣֻΪ˿ధ˼䣬Ȼֱӱ˵ĻƭˣȻĹҪ֪굽ҪȪˮˣǿǶ಻ʤļٻ㻹ţ
ֻȻֱӰƿӸӵԱߣȻֳغȻرίȴֲҶ˵䣬ֻǵͷԱߵЩ˿֮ŵֱһ仰˵ˣϾҶ֪һ
һľٶǰԱˣϾҪֵȪˮȴΪһĳ֣һõϣˣѾ˲óֱӳ˹ȥһӱסĲӡ
ļһ֪ǶҪƿȪˮû뵽ճֱӴǵϣҸ㣬ǲȪˮҲҪȪˮȪˮҲҪȪˮȻĻֱҪ


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֪һ޿ˣҲٶ˵ʲôϾʵ̫ɶˣˣôҲӦҪһ˵ѣ˸յȻǲ֪
ǸʲôˣΪһֱѹˣԵһﱻ˸ֱסӵʱ򣬴˷죬ǱϾΪ˴ӵгдĹأ˹ȥȻָԱĳ
Ȱ㻹ǰϿˣȻĻӱҪȪˮϾǴӵĳ٣ǵҪǵĻ¸òȪˮ
ʵȥȻڰóԼлȪˮԲô˵ġ
ֻҲǵɴ۾ԱһҲǸʡ͵ĵƣ룬ǰһ˵˱ߵԱǰ
ʵҲر𿴲ϾԼڻϣȪˣȪˮԼΪȾҪõȪˮȻܹԼҪǸõȻˣЩ飬ԼͿԵģΪһ˵ᣬڿԱЩʮֺµӣУҲһЩ𰸡
ԼӦûвӦΪˣû˸ҹܣٿǸϵˣһӦþô˵Ļ˵ĻЩӦûӵģֻȴǵǣԼͣԱ¾ͲһܹˣΪģΪԱһֱŵȫǸΪýԼ֪òȪȪˮˡ
ñһɱ¾ˣʱԼҲסģȥӦǸرϲȨǮˣĻβط֣ͺðˡ
ңԴԼ֮󣬱ѾǰһֱԼеֻµĴҲˣһӦֻûмϾɽ֮УҪõߵĶǿ붼Ҫ룬οڶطȫǵعϡֻҲ֮٣οׯƶûУҪ֪˹̹˵һûеƵĵطôǰԭʼ䣬ԭķ⽨ᣬǼִĶȫó
Ͼˣ϶ЩرϲʱΪǲͺöˣȴһǣ᲻ֱӱһߣһɷӣϲĶֱӾùȥֻܹһˣ˱㼱æԱק˻ȻԱҡҡͷԱȻ֪п϶⣬ҲֻýԼĵǹŭ
ǿеѹѾ԰Ȫˮõˣû뵽ȴǰ·ɱҧǽԼЩˣĻϾҲԼܹ뵽֮˻ȥ֮еǹŭȴһ㶼ûɢµˣʱȴǴԼĶͳһѹҪ֪Ҳر棬ֻҪԼͳһеİťȻӵԱȥʱһСӡ
ȻľһСڴеĻǿǶȥˣûʲô˵ģ壬ǿһĶеȫˣһʲôıǸһµҲЩĿɿڴû뵽仹ĶֲЩ˶˵
棬ǿкöĶ˵ˣͶЩرĺ棬˱ֱӹе˻ȥҼæһťҲر֣ȻԶͺȻһʣڳȫˣ˵ˣû뵽仹ôĶԼǵһμζһҪռ˵һ۳ְ͵͵ĲصԼĶ·ԼһһӷǸ˼ˣ˶һ
ʲôҲûû뵽ֱӰЩ˸ߣֻԼֵŪһһӣһֱһС𣬵ȻһǾú˼
ֻȴվһԣԼ΢΢Ǿɣʱ򣬵ȻˣԱߵԱȴǲΪȻ֣Ϊʲô˵˵ֱһԼĶߣϾҪסҵĻǾԲܹȱٵģ˵Լģƾʲôˡ
˱ߵ˳ߣѯ˵ʲôҪһһͲʹ˵ˣҪúõĸһｻ̸һ£㿴һȻǣңֱ˰Ҹ˳
ѾµԱ飬ؿ϶ǲͬģûа취ԼҪõȪȪˮ·Ǳߵģ˱Ҳ΢΢ЦЦǰŪߵ⼸ˡ
ĺˣҵ⣬ôȱ㶫ҪõĶ»ҪҴ𲻴ӦʱҲͺðˣοҲǿˣЩرǿԽᣬѴҵŭȼȻһƷȥǵʱõȪˮ׾ٵСˣǧҪ㱬ǸƢҵһŬİ׷ˡ
˵ˣҪԱ˷ƵģЩһرĺ£ȪˮһͻòϣɡģЩʲô³û֮ԿϾЩЩأ
ϾˣŪһ֮ǰʱͶİ᲻иĶѾˣôҲͺ
˱㽫ӵԱߣȻߵ˳ߣ׼ߣȴһԱߣʣµЩСܣо˳ŵøϽˣȻ˵֮ҲףԱߵԱӵĿֲΪԱٻΣձȴǽΣȫղʹó磬Լס
˵ԼҲǸܾϳģЩˣ̫صˣѾ˼ȪˮȴҪ˼ҵĶƽʱҲͰˣǱϾ˼ģҿĶһЩĶΪԴ֮󣬾û˴ʲôʳũǿǳˮģôҲӦôʲôġ
ڴ⼸׶ʢţȻٴЩ̫ˣѾʲôʱˣ϶ôɵĴôصĶֻҪѹɾͺˣˮһݣô׾٣һܹӣǿʡµ飬Ȼ˳ѾˣһʲôķԼԲһԼһ߶ҪߵĻҲֻҪȪˮó
˵һǲѵûпΨһ쵼ˣҲӵȻҸҶ֣ǲǲŲҵЩǣųҧ㻹ҲҾǿеĶȫҽȻĻҲ


664 αװ
û뵽ѾˣȻôĿȴ·ûһֻԱߵһʯͷϣȻкԱĹĵаǰֱӰȫȻռΪУҪ֪Լڴ
ǿ˸˵ԼԼҪĸŮˣǿֱܵŮ˵ļŮ˸ǵŮ˵ĵ棿ԼҲԲκεɬ˭ԼأЩ˱붼ԼģֻҪǲĻԼֵܰһݺݵһ١
ϾЩ̫ƽˣǸ˹Ȼĳس˵ҪôˣҲǲСĴģȻ㲻ȪȪˮôͷȥɣϾҲ޹ģ
ʵҲǺģȻûаȪȪˮóҲ˺ˣοҲ֪쵼ˣĿǰ˵˶Ļ
޿κµĹأİ˸ѹˣʲôĻ쵰飬ݣΪԼѾˣڵ쵼
ԼһҪһʱֱʧȥ壬ʵ˲ģǰһرгĴׯֻʺһ˴ҵ쵼ˣ˱һЩѣЩ飬ʵһͲҪõ档
ԲŻˣȻˣԿóΪ飬ǿ͸˵˼ǿһһۣоˣν²ûдô򵥡
ֻһǿǷͬѰףԼ֮Բһ﷢ͻΪһƹˤʱ򷴵ŭ˴ϾҪĵõĻ£ˣҲǻƹˤʱһƴĻ±Լġ
ҪӵĿ£ԼΪ˱ģΪ˰ԱõڻȪȪˮ飬ԼĲ֪Ҳȥ˵οУǱκ˶ס
ֳҪˣ˵ٶ࣬ҲûаõģΪһͲ㣬˵һϿԻóȥԼԱɲܻóȥǻȥĻ
ʱ²òȪȪˮǻ˷ʱ䣬˳ʹһıǰļһתԼȦȦ׺ܼ򵥣Ǿǰһ
ȫԼе·ߣֻˣԼҪ飬ܹøӵĳ죬ӵͨ˳ӵһǿ˿Щ񣬷·ʮֵĺ¡
оЩˣΪʲôأطЩȻôǣЩһϾֻͨˣûʲôһ㶼ֵ
ǰɾͲͬˣѴڻеذף˾һʱͳɱˣ⼸Ż˵ĺ£˵ĵǣ֮¶һЩͬɫʣܴҶףҴҶļһ۸ûа취ϾҲ¡
ȵ֮󣬵ʱ¸ͻԼ֣ǸʱɾͲðˣȻÿ˵жкµĶӵĻҲûʲô˵ģϾԼֻҪԼǻ˾ͺˡ
ȴǿ˿ԼԱߵԱȻ촽˵黹ĲܹĻΪĶǶҪĶеһҪǡ
ֻ㿴ˣȻˣҲҪأϾҲһʶοӦʲôˣֻҪһȪȪˮΪǵβˣǿĻͰȪȪˮĻҲֻš
ʵԳȥֱܵȪȻȪˮǳ֪ԽװߣԱߵЩԽͬԼʱͺðˡ
ȻˣӣȳؿЩ˵ʱԱߵĴʱЩͷôԸ˵ˣΪҶ֪ǻˡ
ͲһģԼǰͷӵԼֵļȻ˵ǺúõһȻ֪Լûб¡
ҪǵȪˮΪʲôҪǽϾǣùԹҵĻĻһͬȪȪˮǣϾ˵㣬ǸϽȥ˵ļһȫҿûкñϲġ
Щ֮󣬳ȴֻԱ֣ԱҪżԱߵЩ֮ȴȼһЩŭʲô˼ѵֻһ˵
һҪǿôܳΪڵ۸ˣпرĲˬȻ˳ҪľӣԽǰЩŭ
ԼҪͻøӵĿ죬ȴǷЩ֮еЩΪһ˼˵飬ֻᰴԼȥԼ˼ȥ¡
Ҳͻ𹫷ߣԱߵСԼֵܵĻ֮󣬱ֱӵͷȻ˹û뵽Ҫ׼ȥʱһǰš
ߵԱߵĻʯǱȥˣҿһܵÿ죬ȻĻԴײʯȥˣһСܿһ˿ûǸԼֵһ׾ֱӴԼͳһذףָǰ㿪ʼв
Ĳ붯ֻҪǰôҾͲһʶϾҲϴĻҪĶֱӽɣһһЩǺڵ飡
Ȼڵģһ֣ȴǿʼĲԿóһǺ³ͻȻֱ֣ӰԼڵϣóȻ֪ԼôΪʲôҪƣ֪飬ȴƫƫҪõḶ́ûԼ֣ԱѾ˹ȥֱһǰշһԶ
ղеǰذףҲǹԱߵĲݴЩǿ۽磬û뵽˿ȥģȻȥǳԲʲôˣҲǷȻĻ˿Ҫ
ȻˣֻҪ˰ȫȫ뿪ôԼҲû뷨ˣԼɲĶΪУҲͰˣǱϾ˼ˡ
ĻʱһЩõ飬ǿɾͲˣͺЩ˶ȪвһֱǶţϣȪκεĲã
ǵҪܵȥԼȰİ󣬿Сһ


665 ƶ
ѾܵȥˣΪһررĳ⣬ֻҪĶׯҪãϾҲᣬû˶ֻһֱǿţҲڰοĴ񣬲ҪһʶϾ̫ˣȵϣʱҲͶøׯβȪˮ˸ߡ
Ȼˣж⣬ΪʲôҪȪˮػʵ˽룬ֻд峤֪ǵõԼڣ¹һԣÿһ
µҲ֪ǵõ꣬﷢ɽһЩҽȻĵȪȪȪˮرҩЧȪˮ֮
ôЩ˱٣ΪׯˣȵˮȫǴȪˮģҪ֪ȪˮֻĲſЧǸǳģ϶Щ裬ˮ濴ȥںһƬǵ߽ȥ֮ȴҲǿرĸɾֻҪˮһôϲһգȪˮ궼µģ䡣
ʮȣȪˮȴԾɲȪˮرģׯˣŻ٣ȻĻΪׯȫ潻·ͲһһԴһټûκεȾҪ֪ׯȺɽ
Ҫûʵǵı£޷ôߵĵطʵܵҲѾرˣ˵Ҳͽˣƾ˵ĹҪɽǿСһֻϣ鴫ȥֲ˺һ
ߴһЩˣĵص㣬ȻˣȫԼ˳ȥмȷʵһЩˣҧˣԼҲرΣΪģΪϣ˴ţЩȴƫƫҪȥ֪Ȫʲô֮
֪˳֮˲ǻˣôߵĹĻǾСһ׮׾٣ûбҪҷϻǲôҶ˲֮ġ
ȴһһεᱻڵأʱԼòóָ֣վĸϣ⵹ЩΪˣΪԼҲóԱߵЩǣ֮ǸǺ޼ƽʱԴԼĴ񲻺ҲͰˣòˣһȻꡣ
Լ±ˣȻ鲻ˬʱ˲ԼĶͳذף׼ȥû뵽ȴһץס첲Ȼҡҡͷ
˵ҪǾ˰ɣϾǴģׯ飬Ҳһ㶼֪ģЩĶûôá
ǺİˣܵĽѵ룬ȴ˲ЩֱӽݺݵƵԱߣʱȫŭˣֱӰķ
ȻԼеɫǸ˳ȥҪ֪ЩǣƽʱҲܵ۸ڼȻʱ򣬿϶ֱӣݺݵر㽫һ˺ҧվôһﶼѡʵǲӦӣȴҸˡ
Ҫ֪ЩѾܹˣ֪̣˶ٵĴŮһ˵㣬һС֮ǰĴΣֻԱһ棬û뵽Ȼ͵ֱӰСӵˣСӵǿǻȥˣ׼ͬھ
û뵽ҲֵܸݺݵشˣһʬǣӣȴȻҸһﷴֻΪϣ޿ˣǵһѳЩȫù֮󣬵ʱ϶Щʵ飬ԼļһȳְֻЩ֮дһЩޡ
ȻŭЩ˺£ĵڵ϶ˣԱߵֵܵȻȥȳû뵽ոն֣ѾԱߵ⼸˽ȥһ˺ҧû3˾ֱӱҧƤǣֻʣǲò˵ȻԱߵԱסˡ
տʼΪЩȻֲ˸ѱˣЩҰɣû뵽Լˣ3˶ҧʱʵЩ棬ҲЩεģһ뵽˵Щ£ЩݺݵҧһӦãֲԼֻܹ⼸һãȻˣѾˣֻҪŪôʣµҲͺðˡ
ߵߵʱû뵽ȴҡҡͷǴȪȪˮһģǿ˰ɣ֮ǰһ˵ȷʵԣϾйأܹȪˣʵǶԲˡ
Щ֮ǸԱ̲סˣǲǸЩһˣ˱׼ݺݵشһ٣ЩһﻹҲҲԼȪȪˮȴקסˣ׼취ʱû뵽ͻȻһȺˣһʮֱִġ
ֻ⼸ˣֱһЩͷûЩӦֻЩˣֱӽеǹȻϣԵʣԵ룬ʱеĺȫڵϣʡ¡
ʱһһŮ˹ҲǴɫĽ£ǰˣرĽ
ǰѺȪȪˮǷǲҾȻЩӣҧôˣЩֱˣѾƺרԸЩҰǵģѾǵûˣùԹҵĻȻĻǴЩˣȫ
˵˱㳯Ŵ˹ȥ
ԭһǵ壬Ȼ׼Ȫˮģû뵽ΪûзԱЩҧˣرֵܣҲûаȪˮȥΪһӷˣû뵽ȴٴһ׼ԸЩҰǵķһȷʵҲѾôˣû뵽ǲϷ
Ϊ˵ȪˮãԼ٣˲ŻӻľǰȪˮռΪУҪܹĻȻҪгԭһĳеһҵͷΪ˷չδĿû뵽ЩĲϣֻܳ²ߡ
Щ֮󣬿ǰˣЩһ˳ȥû뵽ЩһֻˣǲҪԼˣΪԼûЩıҲԲЩһȪȪˮߡ
˱Źȳ˹ȥû뵽ȴһƵԱߣ͵׼ýȥʱ򣬳һӳ˹ײһԣ˿ȥӦҲǸṦģΪղų֮Ӵʱһϵǹɾ


666 ̰
ĳ֣ǰһ⣬ϾղһУǰһҲ֪ˣ³ǺǵģҳĹӦԼ֮ϣԼЩˣ˵ӦҲˣΪʲôҪЩˣǸرųˡ
˵ĻԼӦ£óԼߣʱԼһԸˣҲܹ°빦ˣȻˣû룬֪ԼòȪˮҲԲܹǰһ۸ЩЩ񣬱رˣֻΪһԲŻ˵ЩˣȻˣЩҪԼȪˮҲ޿ɺǵģʲôˣ
¶ǻὫԼֱͶǰҵ󿧣ΪҵĿģԲŻģȻԼԱȡȪˮģôԲܹҵ󿧣Ȫˮߣʱ򣬿壬ᱻļһġ
ЩػϰˣΪȪˮҪ뻵˵УȻóȥЩõ飬ʵҲͨҵ󿧿óرĺڰҳһɺġ
Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģ᲻ֶεģԱȫͬԱֻΪ飬ԲŻ᲻ϧ˶ԿԱȷʵ뷨Ͼҵ󿧵ĻԱ֪Ǹҵ໥Ļ
ʱӵȫߣԼͿõȪˮˣԼȻȪˮûʲôֻҪΪýԲŲò²ߣǳԲġ
ҲǴ˰ɣǵĴ֪϶ҲΪ˺ȪˮȻĻôΪβ֣Ȫˮõ֣ʱʲôԷһǲǸҪ֪ЩļһǿʵȪˮģҲò
ЩȷʵԱЩĶˣϾԼĿľΪȪˮôֺαȥںмõ;˱ߵ˳ߣʹʹ˸ɫ
ŵ˵һ˵öԣôˣҲһܹõȪˮվҵߵĻԾͲһˣϾЩѾˡ
¶ҵǱߵ˵㣬ôֺαظЩһʶֻҪõȪˮǾֱ߾ͺˣαںЩһҪ֪ղţʲôЩһȻϸһȪˮҲЩһıӦ
˵֮󣬱ʹص񣬻ϾղΪȷʵѾŭԼԼģú˵ȻֱӣҪ֪Լƽʱǿǲ˼ҵġ
ѾݶˣǰһȴԾɲϺӿɾŭԱˣԼϾǰǻڵģôȥںƽ˵ֻҪﵽԼֶҲˡ
Ȼû˵ԱԾɻûϾ֪ôģϾܹҵõȻĻЩѣһУҲ֪ԼȷʵӦԱҪζԱҵȪˮûȥȻһΪýʣȴȫ˸ı䣬ҵ󿧲Ǹö
Щ񾡹ܲԼȪˮ⼸˶޹ģҶӦҲҪԼģֻһֱǹʲԷ⣬ԸںЩˣѵԼЩˣȫҵ󿧵УһһȥԼĻʲô
ԼǲΪŰģԼԼԼҲܸܵҵ󿧾ԲԼ˵ɣµʱõȪˮ֮󣬽ȥǲ֪أҲû⵽˱ѹֱѵĸоȷʵˬοֻԱߵ
ʵһֱεҡҡͷãԼ϶ԱĻȻЩˣһȪȪˮֻʱһСŮȴߵߣͶһ֮кеһЩ޹ΣȷʵóۣҲֻҧҧȻԱļ
֮ǰȷʵӦ㣬ζҪȪˮȡЩȴܹΥҲˣͬһĻô£ЩǾûˡ
Ȼˣ˵Ȼûʲô𣬵Ƕ˵ľЩһˣȷʵģһѺȪˮõģǲҵĻôһԿţҲʲô
ʵ˵ЩԱҲûʲôֵģʲôˣԱӦñκ˶֪һ·ϣһϣοô޹ˡ
ֻ˵һߣҲûж˵ʲô
ȷʵóܲ죬ΪԼãԱԸ񣬿ΪԼİŮˣһԼĻǻԼԣǰԱȴòճòȪˮĻԱҲѴеȫɱϾԱһ
֮󣬳Цߵҵ󿧵ǰıӣǲ˼˵ȷʵܶԣҲΪȪˮҲò㣬ǾΪҲͬ۵ģΪǵĿľѾˣһˮĻⱲǵȲˡ
ֻܸ˵˼ǲͬĻģûԾĴ߳ȥȻĻͱҲ
һҵסˣʵΪԼʤȯգˣ϶ԼģϾվߴģǱˣĴ񣬶Լ
жµˣԼһȴǸһֻҪõȪȪˮʱֱҪһ
ɼһĳݶǺݶ˼㣬˿ɶǣһѾ˶Ը˵İ취Ǿ֧һﱻŽһеĴȫΧˣܣʧȻˣҵǰǿǴ˲ٵֶΡ
ȾԼĹƿĿȪˮƿӣΪ˱ľΪ˰ȪȪˮߣȻٴԼȻо˵ֱɳڵҩˮȻء
ȫ磬Ҫ֪ȪĴ˵ǿ˶֪ģֻҴûмʱԼһЩʵ飬ֳЩһȫ֪ȪȷʵڣԼѾõȪˮˣȻˣЩµˣǾԲԳֵġ
ĴЩһϾҪʧΪģΪʱԼǻר֮ЩһﶼǶ࣬˵ԼģǿһӰԼ뵽֮һ;ˣζܹЩ˻ţּϳԱ
ˣտʼԱʱҲǺܲ죬û뵽˾ȻԼֻ磬żû취ʱѾһЩգԼֻҪЩƷô˿¾͵ùԹԵԼĻԼȴˣ鲢ûô򵥣һСƵĳ


667 Ұ
ûҵ˵ԱǸźɫµŮӣѾ˳ָŭһﻹǲʶ̧٣ϴѾ˵ˣȻ
֪ôͶǵĻһԳĺģһԵõҪȪˮڣǵ·ǿɾͱǲˣӵҲãΪʡһЩȪˮ
仰֮Ů˾Ȼֱǹ˹ǻûŮ˽ǹ
ѾݺݵһߵԱȥˣԼ˵Ů˶֣Ůʵ̫ˣҵ󿧶û˵һȻװǾͲҪԼˣû뵽־Ȼ֮졣
ҲҵмˣԼǿǲǰװ׵ģΪԼѾ׼˼ʮɱ֣ƽʱģֻѾˣͱҵ󿧻߼۸˹
ȻΪԼıڣǰ;ʲôõ飬Ҳ⼸˳֣
ǰóˣҪ֪ʱҵѰ⼸ɱ֣ǿǷ˺ôľҪ֪мɱ֣ǿɱͳ֮ģԶһһĸ֣ҵ󿧣ȰԼϲǸŮ˴ݴ֮˳Ȼߵɱֵǰ
֮дһŭļһȻҶԼİŮ˶֣ŭҵ󿧡
ֻҵ󿧳⼸ɱʹ˸ƣȻ˵ظղҲˣһȻҶҵŮˡ
ǲˣҾǣϽһɱˣʱһȡ֮ƸҪǮȥ֮Ҷȫǵģ
Ҫ֪Щɱ֣ΪҺڣΪǮԲŻҵ󿧵ģ˵ҵ󿧣ԸóһЩǮԼԼȥɱʱЩɱֶʱ۾ˣ˲ࡣ
ֻŸϿɱʱԼҲ㹻ǮԼźӹϺõԭЩɱ֣֮ǰȴòãϾ֮󣬲ֹҪҾͨĹ˾òҲǹ棬ʮֵƶʵ
Щ˾Ȼϣ֣Ҳȷʵѹģû뵽;ȷʵҵ󿧣ûаҪĵҵ󿧱Ͼѧģһ۾Ϳó⼸һǾԲǵ֮±ԼĻҪ˾ͼæˣ⼸һ˹
ȻһǼĴƵ꣬Ϊ⼸һһóԵķˣ⼸ЩԾϾԼѾڵˣȻӶԼ
ȻҲرжģ⼸ɱȴ֪ҵ󿧵Ȧף£⼸˰ˣ˵⼸˳극֮ҵ󿧲װźܿӣ⼸˼Ȼ˱˵ķ
϶ҪΪ˰£˱㼱æҵʼѯҵ󿧲ŰȪ⼸ˣҵ󿧵˼ҵȪˮû뵽֮
ҵ󿧾Ȼ˵Щ۸ԼԼСܸɱˣԼǸ壬ȥǩͬҪȪˮЩɱֶʱͱһɱˡ
ö˲ãȻԼĶ飬Щɱ־ͷģһҪΪҵֻһЩ֮ҵ󿧵Ȼرĸˡ
ϾԸΪԼͷҲһ£˵ˣҵ󿧣Ҳһͦ¶ˣЩ֮
ʱԼ£ó˼ǮȻƽָ⼸ɱ֣Ҫ֪⼸ɱƽʱԲ𣬾ڴҪһЩҪһЩǮĻҪûȥԼļˣ֮ǰʱǿǳԴеǮӻȴӡ
Ȼǲ˵ˣҪʱ⼸һѾˣܹٹǰôԼһҲǵģԵõЩǮʱЩɱʱҵ󿧸ж¡
ҵȴװûʲôµӣȻˣԣ⼸ɱԼ£⼸ɱҲɵӣҾȻǮ׬ȻͲõģҲʹӦһҪ
⼸һҵ󿧵£֮ǰҵ󿧾Ѿ⼸ɱ֣ɱ˺üˣԼľ֣Ҫ֪йǿǱеģҵϴ󣬾ҪҵȥϾܹɱԼͬУû뵽ҵ󿧡
ͲᣬҾȻ̽ϴҲɱˣǾеˣȴû˸˵Ϊ˵ˣǶҵ󿧸ɱϾ˼Ѿɱ֣˵ʵտʼʱ⼸ɶʱҲԼ̫ˣϾмʵˣҲͦġ
û뵽ҵ󿧣ȴ˸ɣЩ˵Ķɱûа취˵Ǯ˰£⼸ˣҲͱЩɱָɱˣҵ󿧳е̽ϴ
û˸ǣ⼸ɱȴãĺܴ˾ȥҵǣҵȴ˵Լܺˣϣ⼸ɱܹ½ԼԼˡ
⼸ɱر壬ټҵóôǮһӾͰɱֵ͸סˣ⼸ɱҲͲ֮ˣҵ׬ǮԽԽࡣ
վǴҪȪˮҳϾ֮ǰ˵ȪˮЧǾԺģǰھʱٰڳȻһרŵרȻ󷢲һƷƷļ۸񳴵ۡ
صʱԼͿԳΪ˹ϵĵһλҵȻҲǮǸŲϣҵ֪ˣҵȦǮ˶ǣЩ˸ҪӳԼ
ԼøãЩÿ춼ҪĻȻҪõƷƷһıƷҲʲôü۸񣬱ϾֻһЩάʲô֮ġ
ʵû⣬һ뵽ȪȪˮʱİȪˮȡĻŪһȪȪˮȪЩһ裬һξҪոʮǮ
ȻһЩȵĺȪȪˮһƿҪǮȻıȻһȷʵЩףǺѲһ£Щ˶ҪȪˮԼ۸ȥҲпܵģһһʵңȻƳרŶԸ˼ˡ
רŵ֣ԼһǰЩɱˣ˵ʵЩֱӰЩԴԶ޷ѣҲǿЩССӣˡ
ȻˣʵµǱɱϾԼȪˮػô꣬ѵľҪһҵ󿧣ܿʹЩɱ˳
ֻ⼸ɱֽӵֱ֮ӰγԼǰǰʿȫΧסЩһر˷ܣΪģΪЩһһ۾ͿԿóرĸǿĻԼͿԻԼĽˣҪЩһֻûĶ֡


668 ߳ŭ
ǿЩɱֵĿȴóЩˣԼȻܹԸĸǰȷʵ߰˸ɱ֣ĻԼЩԿģԼҲܲס˶࣬ùģѾӦζҪ
ҵ󿧰Ȫˮ͵ߣ˳ҲֻýԼе౦˳Щɱֿ౦ʱȷʵЩһϾ
ǶǼģڵ٣ǾһıȷʵӣȻĻҲһ˶Ը߰˸ˣԱȴֻĿţĵȴһڸԼ
ܹó£ΣһҪؼʱ̳֣Ȼһֱ߶ţΣҪԼİŮ˸ȻǳԼһܶôá
ѵĿųΣ֮𣿺οԼһ˳Ҳ޷ҵģԽΣԼҲֻܹˣ뵽ԱҲ̲סˣֱӱγԼеǸȻ˹ǰ棬֮дһЩᶨóܺ棬һӦΪԼİˣ뵽תһ룬һΪһŻԼģʱЩʧԱĻȴóٴȼϣ
ԼûпˣȻƽʱԱȥһڵеϴҲرĲ̣ǣڳ˵ܹҲԼһֵܣϾʱӦԱȻΪýʱ򣬳ѾʶģһﵱԼĺֵܡ
㲻ҪңҵɶΪ˵ҩ㲻ҪΪΪĲŻģҪ֪ĸһĻҲܹõȪˮģֻҾһӦ㣬˲Ҫ˵ˣҸһԸЩɱ֣ϾһҲЩ̫ˣ
ֻԱ˹ȻĮ˵
һ˵ǳκ˶һѼӲΪһһֱŰԼֻЩӰˣȻ˲ô
ֻҪһİôԼҲͺ࣬˵ˣ֪Աı£ȻܹǰԼһԸɱ֣ǶԸǴ´ģټЩɱ֣ԱĵЩˣΪֻгһˣôҲͺðһЩּһԱ
Աı£Щɱȴǲ֪ǿ˿񣬺رοкԱҲǸʡ͵ĵƣЩɱֱر˵Ļ˲ſó
ЦԱļȻŵ˵ͷôԸңҾѾܸˣ˵ģֻΪҩҵȷʵѾ㵱ֵܣ
˵Щ֮˱ֱǿǿϣҵ󿧣һֶԸԼɱ֣滹ЩĵģЩɱֹҲǲǸղԼȷʵѾԹĹ
ǿǱһģֻ౦˲㽫Աߵһĸ˹ȥֱӾ͵˵ϣһʵ֮ô˵Щɱ֪ԼǺǵģȻˣҲϣɸΪ񲯣Ȼ֪ЩɱΪʲôҵ󿧡
Щɱֿȥ֮ǰӦòǻˣһܵãԲŻˣֻϣЩ˿;֪ҪٰˣЩĴ񣬱ûʲôΪʲôҪ˼طռѵľΪǸȪˮ
ȪˮΪǰҵṩһЩƸǣƻ˼ĵطĶԼҲʱȥռ˵ĵطȻʵԼ룬Ǻ֣вͨģΪפĵطȴͻȻȥǷ˭ϣ
ܲ˵ģοԼҲˣˣҵȴͬˣҵ󿧴СܵĽΣһжҪǮǶԼ飬ôΣԼȥģֻһЩӬͷСοȪˮǿɲô򵥣ܹõĻʱչһҵ˵ȡȪȪˮȻ˻ȥ
ʱ˸߼ۣԼҲͿӲƸʣµ鵱ȻҲԼ˵ˣҵ󿧣ʵҲͦҵģСͱԼĸĸţҪѧϰЩڣȻԼеʱ䶼ûУò׵ȵԼĸĸˣԼ̳ҵֻһ˼ȥ׬Ǯ
ںͨ˵һΪ˽һˮ೧ֱӰЩ˵ļˣסڸЩˣȫˣȻǿ𣬾ҲͰˣЩܵԱȥ˸ӾסһЩʱķ䣬û뵽һΪ˰Щ˸ɵøԶȻֱӽˮ೧ˮȫŷŵЩ˵ˮȫˡ
Ϊû֤ݣټһﻨһЩǮͨٻʦ֮ģЩҲֻܾװ׵ˣЩҪһǰȥԩһĹ˾ǰ棬û뵽ȴҵֱˣݺݵˣ
ҵ󿧾ôˣֻҪ׬ǮĻᣬԼظˣǶǵġ
ֻɱ֣ų˹ĻӶĵ౦ȻЩɱɱЩɱ֣ҲǳصģֻѸٵתţңȻֱӽһӲ̵ڵϡ
ԱߵԱ͸Ӳ˵ˣֻɱֱ֣ӰԱΧһСۿԱҪɱֵʿ̵ˣʱͻȻһһ
һʯͷݺݵĳɱ˹ʱͰɱָһԣǱ˾ȻҲԱЩסˣû뵽ԼͷӣͷǾȻͷԼ
˵㻹ڷʲôˣϿЩ˼սҲܰﵽˣ
ΪϼһΪŭЩɱ֣ʱЩɱֱ㳯˹ʱȴԱݺݵĸһԣʱЩ񿴵ˡ
ʱҲˣ㲻߶ʮһԼЩȫ˳ЩԼĵ˳
ΪѾֵزˣҲͲùˣ˵׻˵úãƥԼļ԰
ܵЩ˵ĹԱĻˣڰԼôԼʲô˵ȻҪԼԼļ԰ҲҪúõıȪˮ뵽֮
ЩһҲȫ˹ȻԱǸɱ֣붯ЩһëЩİ£ЩɱֺܿͱƷˣΪҡ
㼸ɱֻ֣ȥֵЩĹ߻ļһǾǳԱ⼸ɱȫȻӵһԣžĿǰҵˣûڣһﻹʲôͣ
Լɱ֣ʰ֮󣬳ԱȺ񣬳ԼΧ˹
ҵ󿧣Ͻ˹ȥʱ˭ԼߵŮˣݺݵƵЩһǰǸŮסˣҵ󿧾һƿڴ
ǣȷʵûɶһŮ֣ˣֱӳŮһƴ˹ȥŮƵһߡ


669 ䷽
ЩˣǰһҲҵ󿧣ŰΧʱͻȻһȴ·ʲôħһӴԼͳ˼ɫ򣬵һеʱ
֪¾Щ׵˱㼱æôסӣΪʱһѾЩ׵ȫˤڵϣЩǣԼߵԱ
ȫЩֱӸڵϣҿһõҲûʲôֻ˶ʱûоˣҲǲСĽζᵽԼıС
һʱ֮䣬ҲͷۻȫûֻĿţҵ󿧣صԼԱߡ
ȻԼԱȫʱ֮ǰǸŮˣҪҵ󿧽˺ģȴŵһ仰˵ֻ˹
һӱסҵ󿧵֣ЦģȻˣҵ֪ԼʱҲصôܹһŮˡ
Ƶȥˣ˵ȥԼûطˣԼҲǹģֻΪóţԼȷʵ޸֮ˣӵĻŻЩ˷ɾ裬ҪȻĻҲô׵֣ЩˣȻ붼û롣
ֱӳ˹ڵãһı»ЩĴҪԼһ꣬ʵԼҲͦƵģһȫжףǣһͺйǡ
˵ЩһǲΪҾֻ⼸ɱΪҪû汾µĻҲô׸λãһĿǳΪȫ׸
ȻһлҪǵİֻҪҰȪȪˮôһͶðˡ
ԭղһǹװűЮ֣ڵˣʱȻҲͲẦЩһˣȻˣҵ󿧣ʵľ˴㣬Ҫ֪õȪҪõȪȪˮûİܵģһɣԱͲ֪ģʵǵʱȪˮˣȪˮҲᷢʲôҩЧ
ΪҪԼһҩȻܹŵȪȪˮȪˮŻã֮û֪Ϊܣֻڲ֮ǰǸѾҵ󿧸ˣΪܣԣһûаɱ
µʱû֪ˣȻˣԼտʼҪţΪǸԸԼܣԼȴûеȵʱΪڸղŵʱ
ѾҸɱˣ˵ЩҲȷʵ⣬ϾҪЩٶһĻҲͿԳŵڣǰҵ󿧣û뵽ȴЩ̺ˣΪȷʵʵ޿̡
û޷һԿʱЩڣӦֱӰеĵ౦ӹȥĻҲͲһᣬһˣȴǺֻܹĿҵ󿧣ܵǰ
Ȼ֪һﵽʲôΪҪõĺȪȪˮҩЧҪƵҩˮȻĻûôýˣ֪һҪʲô
ΣԼһóѵģһȪȪˮߣҲӲЧΪԼһ߹ԼҪȪˮԭá
ͱƵҩȻӽȪˮ֮УľͿںʱͿԷõҩЧȻ䷽ԼǼǵù죬ҾǸ
ԼҲζһҪҩסȻĻʱȪȪˮͻʧȥԭãʱɾͲðˣЩ֮һҲǸ
İסˣһˣŰܸǰҵ󿧣ֻϧȲˣֻһ֪طԣǰҵ󿧣ΣҪϼһĿе֪ܣ䷽˵ֱϼһ䷽Ȫˮ֮УʱԼͿ԰Ȫˮˡ
˵ϼһˣǧˣУֻ֪֪ΪǸһѾˣȪȪˮûĽҩƣˮһ̶Ҳ޷ҩЧ
˸ôӦ֪ģҲҪ˵䷽ֻҪңھȥ׼ЩҩȻٰҩͶŵȪȪˮУȻĻɱˣɱеĴ˵ĻģŵĻһԣ
˵Щֻ֮ǰҵ󿧣ֱסĲӣóʱЩˡ
ϴһЩҪ֪ΪӣǿǲԼҪҵƴڳΣˣôԼԲܹܵģæ
̰˸ˣôҾͻҩˣҪҩĻҪԱߵɽһЩҩɽһЩͨԳҪҪɵЩҩݵĻðдͨԳܣȻĻɱˣҲòҩˣϾҲҵЩ񣬻ˣ
Щ֮ǰҵ󿧣ȷʵЩɣϾȥЩףɽͨԳôоǹģǿǰϼһֲѣԱߵɽϣȷʵżܹԳĽ
˵ĻԼҪɽϣȥժЩҩݣԼͲʶҩݵ׳ʲôӣ
ָȥѰأο˭֪ϼһǲǹˣУһһһ壬Լ˽ȥǿɵʱڶˣȻˣԼҲ
Щ飬㲻ȥĻԶɣԼСΪԼĸĸ߹Լ˾ոսֵʱ򣬻ȥĲܰãȥÿһ鶼
ãȻͻ֣ᷢȷʵ츳ȻˣĸĻҵ󿧣Żѹ˾ԽԽãһĹ˾Ѿˡ
һˣΪе׸ʵѾ˲ˣһθȴԶԶֹЩԾţβܹù˾׬Ǯܹѹեÿһ˵Ͷ
͵ĹʣͿ׬ȡߵ룬һ﹫˾ϰˣǿÿ춼æ޲ԼԷȻˣһҲһЩ̲סȥջ
ΪϰʱԽˣĿҲˣǶǿõ룬Щϰ壬ƽʱһЩȶĹ˾ȻˣͻȻķ⣬ÿ˶ͲõȥҲͲõġ
ǣȴôģЩ;ͷˣȥƽͨʣЩ˼յõ飬Ҳȷʵҵˡ
ЩֻȥŬȥԣŻɹһλ˵ģһһʵأϾδδ֪ģȪˮԼտʼҲط
񣬲֪ҵطһѾȫץⲻһܴĽôֻҪԼϼһĻȥЩҩȫժôҲͺð࣡


670 
лһЩǣǰҵ󿧣ߵߡ
ˣ˵ǼٻôҲȻˣΪԷһһ㣬һɽȥʱʲô飬һеĺȫ𣬶һһˣפʱҳ£ôЩҲһ
ֻҵ󿧣ʹ°ͣȻݺݵ˵һһȻͷԣƭԼԼȦףԲŻ뵽⣬ò˵ȻǸˣÿһӣñˣδӱ˵ϻȡֵ
ʵûʲô壬ҲẦ£ֻЦŵͷ˿ߵԱȷʵЩԵ޹ʵģͰҲǣ涼Щܣǣȴûа취ˣֻܹһһıס
ȪˮôֻܹԼԼص£ҲûԼЩȥֻû˼꣬Ѿҵ󿧣ֱӸƵǰ棬ϼһǰ濪·ȻˣϼһûԾ͸ϼһһĽҩ
ҲǻָһǳԱߣȴֻʮǿ׳ɱ֣Ȼϣɽ˹ȥɽطߵɽде֣ƬдеȫһЩԳͨԳǸһɫ
ˣɽԸԳĹϵǲģֻЩԳȷʵһõĵط֮󣬾ͻᱩߣͻᷢŭǰôˡ
ƺƵĳɭ߹ȻˣЩԳľۼһ׼Щ˽йЩԳҲǳȺɵģû򣬾ѾγһƬ
ŴЩ˵ǰ棬ֹЩ˽ɭ֣ЩԳﵽʱǰ滹ͦĵģϾЩһԼҲʤ㡣
ô˵ЩԳҲܹ࣬סЩˣԼ㣬ֻϧǸԱ
ȴԾûʱܶܲˣԼȻǿҲܲԶЩ˸Ūɽ»ôˣˣֻʱ䣬취ܹЩѣԼȻطȻĻʱȪˮͱЩ˸ƿˡ
Լ뿴飬˵˵ԼԣԼҲԲܹȪˮй˽ԼֻܹһֱתЩͨԳ
ʱҵȴסˣҪ֪ԼǴûмôԳЩԳ
øһ߶ߣЩһرͣѽ죬óǲԼɽߣǣ˵ˣҪҩ룬뵽ɽĶˡ
˽ҪԳһսֻĻܹԴԼɽȥժҩ
ЩԳϿҹһȥֻǵժҩΪУÿȻĻݹҲҪΪǵ࣬ҾͻẦǣǣһǰûá
ֻҵ󿧳˳ȻָЩͨԳһЩúõţƫƫҪܳԼԣԼϾҪʤˣƫƫЩ֪Ķܳ
Լ£ȻˣЩͨԳ˻ʱǰҵ󿧣ЩµģΪԼռĿ꣬Σ춼Ҫҩժ
˱㳯ǰɱǣʹĵͷ⻹һЩСܣѾ׼⻹һЩѹĵһеʱЩˡ
оԲܹЩһ˺ЩԳϾׯˣЩԳＸѾΪ˺ѣΪɽ岢ԶھӣΪԼ
ҪЩԳԼֵһ£û뵽ЩһȻֱó뵽Լ֮ǰЩȫЩһˣ;رѹЩԳҲȫһŪĻôԼһصģ뵽֮Ҳ͹˲ˣһӱ㵲ЩԳǰ棬Ȼĺ
˵ǸϿȥǲЩһĶ֣Ҳ뿴ܵ˺֪ΪҺãңģǲһĶ֡
˵ЩͨԳӦҲ֪˵ʲôЩԳǣȴر壬ƽʱһЩԵģȻЩԳǡ
ЩͨԳҲ֪ɽµЩرãʱԼˣû۸Լ¿ЩɷģȻѹסЩͨԳ֪ˣΣˣ˲ŻߴߴؾۼһγһģĺȺ
ҪһƣȳûʲôãΪֻװ׵ĴȥԼȻЩ԰ŸͲ֪Լʲôá
ͨԼŬֿ԰ԼѸô򵥣Ҫ֪ҵ󿧣Ѿ׼ˣֻҪЩԳô˼Щ˽춼óΪڻҡ
ȻЩԳǶɢȥĻôҵ󿧣ҲЩһʶϾҵ󿧵УЩһﶼһЩʵûʲôüֵ
Լȥ԰ʱ򣬾Ȼһ˿ҧˣԵڣҵ󿧶Сӣر
ΪЩЩԳǣӵʶˣΣգ˱Ⱥģҵ󿧳˹ȥҵЩŻˣϽЩɱֵı
͵ЩԳ׼ʱȴͻȻһŴһŸ˿ԭǰǸŮˣԼеǹһŸ˿Ȿǲ׽ЩĹߡ
óˣŮرԺĿҵ󿧣·˴󹦣ȻˣҵҲǼæ֣ʮֳ޵ĳŮЦЦû뵽ʱһͨԳȴǴ˹һŰŮ˸ߵڵأ˫ֱӰŮ˵ͷ­˺
Ȼӵҵ󿧵Աߣǰҵ󿧸ŻˣһŰŮ˵ԴߵԱߣǸ֮ǰమ̬ȣȫͬԼЩͬ鱻ץ֮
ͨԳԽԽͣ˷˹û뵽Ƭɭ֣ȴôͨԳû뵽Щɱǣҵ󿧵ǣֱӺӣΪ
ܹѹĵЩԳǣ˵ˣһЩֱӱЩɱնʱɭһѪȵζֱӱ۾ứЩԳǣʲô
ΪηҪӶԴЩĺأҪ֪УЩԳǾԼĺӣԼĺӶħɱˣȥһŪ
ԼܣΪׯи˵ԼȥԼܹΪԼһʱķߺޣȥԼ·ˣϾԼ֮ҪôΪ˰ѴǸԱߵĳԱЩɱԳҲر𺳣û뵽ʱꡣ


671 ں
Ȼ˻Ҫ壬ȻˣֲЩ˶ԸΪЧˣһӶЧңЩˣϿȥģȴ֪ʲô
װŶҳϣһתۣȴͰˣͷϲһѵγûֻ˵ԽԽˣԽԽ
ϾЩԳǶһЩܵԸҵ󿧣໥ԿĻǾ·һЩԳȫҵֵµ˸շˣֻʱ
ɭ֮ȫһЩԳ壬Щ࣬ͺ֮ģŵζ֮󣬶ʱȫ˹ЩԳˣһʱ֮ζʧ£ֻܹǰš
û뵽ԼԳһȺɽʵɽ֮ϣһʮִƽأæЩҩȫԲժԼû򣬾ѾҪĶȫժȫˣҵر˵ʱ򣬿û뵽һ仰ȷʵٴҵ󿧱ŭ
ȻЩҩɼˣҲò˵ҪһҪĶǱҪһδƹʿҺұҪո18ģǴһ궼ԣСһӵĲԡ
Щ֮ҵ󿧶ʱ㽫ԼͷˣʲôΪʲôҪĶ˵ֻҪѲҩɼˣǿһӣҲǹΪѣȥˣûа취ֻд
гԱɽˣϣׯҵôһԼղҲԼѯˣôġ
ԼģһЩ͵ģ˵رģҸСӣǿЩѣׯ֮󣬶ʱ˼Ŀ꣬Ϊׯȷʵмʮֽ׳СӣȥӦþ͡
ˣҵ󿧻ʱЩŰΪոԱߵʱЩرĵģϾҶ֪ɽǸͨԳЩͨԳر˿Ϊ˵İȫһѺ
û뵽ȴ˰ȫˣôҲûʲôõĵˣһû뵽Щ˻֮ҵ󿧣ȻֱȺпʼϸĴÿжرĲڡ
֪ļһôûЩӦֻмСӣͱļһץǰȥˣ˿һҲҵ󿧲žãӦ⼸˲Ǹ͡
˵Ǹˣɰǵң׼κεȻĻֻûˣǵĸĸǵֵܽãŴȥֱҵǰôᣬҪ˵Ļ̫ϧˣ
˵㽫еһķ飬Щ֭Һ˳һ־ЩСŻˣϾЩСӲŸոճ꣬ɲôˣЩ˼ңѾ˻֮꣬ŶνЩСӾͲͬˣиĸ˵ˡ
һһЩҪˣԭһ18꣬ôѾҵŮӣȵ20֮˾ͻ飬ǹ涨Ȼڽ֮ǰǲܹӴġ
ܷĹϵȻĻλҲʹˣ˵ЩСӲŸոնȤζôܾôȥأŵøϽҵ󿧵ͷʾԼ
ϣҵԼҵЩˣ˼ģϸѯ֮ҳһȷʵϼһ˵һģһȻСӣһƿһ򣬱Ͼ̫ˣֻһ㡣
ȴ˵ˣҪô࣬ȻˣҲ֪ΪʲôǿСӻŻҲͷΪҵ󿧣ҪЩСӸץȥ
ȻĸŪϾģԺģҵ󿧣ĥЩ
Щȴˣҵʱ䣿ڰͲϿЧҩͶŵȪУôԼԺҲͿȪˮİҩЧȡ
ʱԼĿľͿһһʵ֣ӣʲô鶼ҪܵƣΪԼûõĺȪȪˮڴ֮ǰҵǲܹģԱߵĳһֱû˵ֻ￴ţԱҲǺܺ棬˵Ļ
ӦţδһѣĵǿȥżƺڵһʲôĻᣬȻˣֻг֪ϾҪˡ
ҵ󿧣Ȫˮúãʱģ»ԼΪʱȵȪˮЧ֮ԼǻȥҲһҪȪˮҪ֪Ȫˮ
ǿܹٶģԼȪˮ֮ҲͿԽԼϵظ׵ĽһĻͻᷢ츲صתȻˣڴ֮ǰԼǧܹ۶ӡ
ǲϣԱκε죬¸ˣʱԼŬɾͰװ׷ˣֻҵ󿧣ƿȻߵߣύϼһУ۾һЩ졣
˵ϼһˣҾͰƿӸ㣬ðҩƳȻĻҾɱˣҪǲܹ5֮ڣҩƳ
ôҾɱһˣҪ10֮ڲܹƳҾ˺ˣʱ͵űЩһʬɣȻˣҪЩĻȰ㻹Ǻúõһ롣
ҵϿдҪǲЩһĻҲð죬ֻҪһ֣ЩĴ񣬾ȫûˣȻˣҲΣֻǸ㣬Щʱ򣬹ԹԵκ鶼ããҲã
ӹƿ֮ͷ϶Ѿ˴δεĺˮѵľûκλˣȵʱȴֳԼŪۡ
ʱԼ֣ͨ飬ʱҲˣԭӵģһ̫ˣԼȻû뵽ȻĻֻҪԼȪˮãʱһҪøļһ
ʱŵУãôͿԻָͲЩһˣȪȪˮܹٶһܹЩ˵Ȼǲ˵ˡ
뵽֮ҲٲҴˣ˱㽫Լ֮ǰժЩҩȫںһȻķԼרҩĻ¯ϣȻ¼֮С
һյͨͨĻ¯תţҵȵʱְǸƿͯ¯Աߣ˲һӰ¯Ϩˣ¯Ҳֹͣ¯֮УγһЩĩֻҪЩĩȪȪˮУôҲͿȪˮҪˡ


672 
ҲȻֻϼһеĩȫԼУţ߶ţ֪˵ʲôʵҲڹŪˣΪʱġ
ΪѾĳȪˮʱֻҪԼЩҩȫӵȪˮôʱҲͺðˣοҵ󿧣Ȼûʱȥ˼
ΪԼǰŵģȫеȪĽҩĿȪˮڴûʱ˼ԼΪ˵۾ȫϡ
ĴҲˣò˵ȷʵ۶ģȪˮĵطȪˮҲرģһֱȥĻܲܰԼϵĶˡ
Ҳֻһˣѵҵ󿧰Ȫˮ𣿵ʱɾĻˣΪһΪ˴ﵽԼĿģԲֶΣԼܹ鷢
ԼʲôȹˣԼȴһҪﵽԼҪĿģǾˣúõıסȪˮҪĺö䵽ȥһЩˣ˻ᡣ
ﵽֶεĿģ˳ҲˣһȪˮΣԼҲˣȪˮԼԼҲνģ˵ˡ
ףʵȪˮӦòжϾɽ緢γɵȪȪˮһЩɳӺʯͷȻ¶е߰ˣӦûʲô˵ģֻǰҪĻҪܹǡôģҩӵˮ棬ȻĻ
Լİװ׵ľ͵ȥˣԼϵǸҵ󿧸ԼȥģԳ˵׾٣ֻҪԼСĴָ԰򿪡
Լûǰˣֻ˵ķ֮ģŻһֱװţ޷ӣʵԽӣĻʤϣԽ
Ϊֻڳ䲻£ܹȡʤؽ¯ȻЩ̻ңĶȫںһ˳ˮı棬˹ȥ
һľȻдʣҲ֪⵽ʲô˼ЩֲֹƻʽʵֻҪЩҡ
ȫ뵽ȪˮôҲͿԷЧˣֻʱˣȫΧʱһֱȪˮ֮С
ʱסˣȵҵ󿧷ӦʱŷеȫˮΪҪϵĶظֻܹȪˮȵڵʱ򣬿Ѿˡ
ΪҵѾЩˣ⼸һȫĳˮףΪԱͲˮԣԳڰԼ֮󣬱㼱æקԱϣ˻ȥϾһᱻ
ǰʽЩɱǶʱЩˡ
ϴôźã
Ҫ֪ЩɱУʮֵĵģϾ֮ǰԱİټЩĵңûô򵥣ҵ󿧣Ťת
ҪһζǲܵģҵҲѾˣ֪Ǻãȴֲ˶ȪˮѾõȪȪˮ
ԼһҪȪˮȥԼһ룬Լ˴ġ
˵ֻҪԼܰȪˮȥôԷͻԼϰԾ㲻Ϊ˱ģΪעԼһҪʤȻˣȷʵЩȱʵʣԼȴǲò˵
ѾߵһˣҪĻˣοԼҲѾˣζһߵڣԲ;ϣԼְ;ϵˡ
Լ˾ʱжִԼĸнӹģԼĸĸѴ󲿷ֵͻǮȫˣȻܵ˹⣬ʣԼһˣ뵽ÿ
ԼʲôأԼûԱվеԱȫĽ˾չԼΪ³Ȼܵÿ˾ȥϾԼȷʵ£һ粻õͣ԰˶ܸ˵ˣһЩ˾ҲԸһԽԽֵ࣬ҵѡԼĺˣӣûеʱǾֻҪһͿˡ
϶˵ʱȴװѡѡģ飬ҵ˵ȷʵûдҪù˾ԳչǱ͵ӣϾܹһ˾ֱ˾ϡ
ȻʲôŲʣһֱȥȻһе飬ҵ˵㣬ҵ󿧵Ĺ˾ԱÿһǾְ𣬴ûκεıԹ
ҵ󿧶ԴԼԱǲģܹˣڵĴǶǼõģֻһθʵ̫ˣڵĹ˾ĲˣȻַȥ⣬һЩҵѾԼںˣְ쵽ȪȪˮȻˣȷʵһĿֻҪĻǱջ٣ѴЩԼԣ¾Ѱࡣ
ЩˣԱĴȫȪˮ֮ʱ򣬶ʱҲҵгû⣬ҪȻԼղΪʲôشɱֵĻΪԼҲ֪ȥڳ׾٣ͰԼϵĶظˣҿȥӾȣôֻ֤һ۵㡣
ȪȪˮȷʵЧôԼҲûյƭҵѹ֮࣬һЩϲãϾԼĻȪȪˮˣֻҪѳ򵹣ôһ鶼ð죬ȻˣһβܹˣҪǰ⼸ɱ֣ϾЩһѾԼôã뱳ЩɱӦû׾ٵģ鲢ûô򵥡
ղڸбƴʱ⼸ɱ־Ѿû˶ȻˣЩҲҪȪȪˮֻϧȴȪˮ֮УӽȥһЩĶǺɫġ
Ǵȴ֪ʱһֱǺڵȪȪˮȻֱӱͨͨɫڳȫŻˣȻˣڸղŽʱ򣬳Ѿ͵͵װһƿȪȪˮԼӦԱ飬ǾԲᷴڵģԼĿľΪ
Ȼ˵ƴ죬ԼҲûɲˮߣ˵ӶҪˣѵԼװһˮ
ȻˣҲǾͬ⣬ԭղˮʱѾ˳ȵЩ˵Ķر֮ôԼͻȪȪˮ׸ƻΪ˱ģЩ֮
ҲˣЩֻǻΣԼżĻֱӸƻԼƻ֮ǰϿˮʢһȥ
ϾΪȪˮģ˳æͷԱߵԱбˣȻ£ЩҪˮˣһ뵽ܹȪˮ


673 ͷ
ԼİŮ˽ⶾôԱЩԹҲȫûˣֻ˿ЩȪȪˮҪǾƻĻǰװ׵˷ˣʵҲģ
ЦЦǵ˵ͷÿ˶ϣԼ꣬Ϊ꣬ɱ֮
ô100꣬ʲôأǹȫˣػȪô꣬һֱûиԼڵʲô˼
֪ˣ£Щһӱ̼ˣ֮ǰ飬ȴˣ˻ص֮󣬴ҶķԸ
ԼϵǸɫĲغ컨ȫӵȪˮҲͰȪȪˮƻˣǲ״ʲôҵҲó
ȪȪˮҩЧƻˣԼǧôվȻĽ
˭ģȻǳЩǣȻ˵ĻǾͲҪԼˣԼҪɱ䣬ǻȥҲνˣϾԼҪĶûˡ
û׷Ļҵ˵ҵ󿧾ֱͨͨ۾ȻִԼͳһʮֳʿǴЩ˻ȥˡ
ЩļһǱѵ֪ЩȪȪˮʱǳֵĻȥǮǾò׬ǮĻҿԷָһ֡
ֳɶԣǵΪʲôҪӰЩƻǼֱǶʵ޿ˣǶɣǻڿʲôϿϣѵһôǮǣ￴Ϸ𣿡
˵֮һȳɱֵȻҲǸϽ˹Ȼ˴˵ʵҲȷʵ֣ȪȪˮټȪȪˮ֮
·Լãָԭ˵˺ö౶ԱߵԱȥҲˣԼֵٶȸҲ·ǰҪ˲֪٣ȻˣԼĻþҲȷʵʵС
Щɱ־ͲͬˣͻûҸղַô飬һʱ֮䷴޷໥ֿʱͱһһɱˣʵҲЩ˸ɱġ
ҪֵĻֻܹЩˣźȥ£Ҫҵ󿧣ҵ򿨣ƽʱ˻£ΪĿĲֶΣЩɱ֣Ͼģѵ
ܹΪǮʲô鶼ЩˣӣֻҪǮ¶¶ʲôС
ǳƲϵģ˲Щ˵ˣһЩǮȥʺһЩҲǰЩɱֵˣЩҲһˣⱲӶҪעعˡ
Լֵһһȥҵ󿧷ûκεı飬һǮ֮󣬾Ͳѱ˵ֻЩԼǮġ
ûʲô˵ģˣҲˣǻǮʺһ˰ˣõǸһ˵뷨ȫͬΪΪ˰οЩ˵ļˣҵ󿧣ȴֻǾԼһˣôӦȥοһߵЩˡ
ߵԱΪõȪȪˮԸ˷ܣʱ㷵ԼȫֱӰɱ֣ݺݵİڵϣţЩһԲȥ
ʱԽˣŵԱߵĴϽȥˣȷʵҲӣΪǸɱ־ȻȥҪһСŮɱСŮ֮УԱߣԲų²ߣô
ԼҪĶѾõˣôԼҲûʲôµˣֻԼȴǣҪúõһ£ǲӦüȥѰһǲſҵ󿧱Ƶһ
ҵȻղװźӣ񿴵ԼɱȫˣԼִ򲻹ʱϴһЩ־壬˭ǲģοһҲᡣ
ʿˣǲƽ޹ʵȥûа취˭һ˳ԭһģֻҪһЩɱֹôԼͲᡣ
û뵽ȴҲԼӣս˳ϣҲһðɣϾһǺʴȵģǱ˲ƵĻ³ҲǲʹеģȻˣҵҲûˣڿСҲûˡ
ֻҪܹŹңҪʲôҶǿԸģ֪ҵֻΪȪȪˮҲΪģҲɱˣҲΪ˱ģһˡ
ҵĹҲˣҵ棬κε鶼ǿԻǮõĶԻǮ򵽵ģԲŻһӣֻϣһλᣬԺһˡ
ֻҵ󿧣ͨһ±ڳǰȻקų䣬ʼóǲ죬ô˵׻˵úжϥлƽ𣬿һʲô
ֱԼøӵĶģһĻҲϸһﲢû˵ϾС˼ҽܵľĽˣһȴǳģȫڵ飬Ǯ飬ĶһаɣԼȴȫͬˡ
ԼɲΪǮ飬ԼһЩõĶȫûˣȻˣʵҲһһģϾ֪ܸĪɣǳ֪Ϊʲôǲһлһ˼֮ǰһƭһʱһﲻҲװ
ôȫ˶˭֪һλ᲻ҲˣԼСһΪã˱㽫һһȭͷڵϣһ޸ֻ֮Ļܹױ֤ҵİȫԼǲͬһطˤεġ
ֻݺݵĳһ˵ȷʵˣտʼͲӦõططһһԴΪĵط쳣Ķģҳ̰
ǲĻˣΪ̫춼ģǸ㣬ҪԹĻֻܹԹԼǰЩ£㲻ҪΪҲ֪
˵Щ֮󣬳ֱӴԼĶͳһЩϣȻӵҵ󿧵Уҵ󿧸տʼסˣ֪ʲô˱㼱æſ֮ԼʱҲǲ֪˵ʲôˣԭдĲǱģЩҵ֤ݡ
ÿһÿһȫѾ˵ˣɶǣҵȷʵûǮˣ˱һԼİŮˣǸŮ˵ģŮҲǿһССķȡ
ְҵñƲ𣬵Ů˶ҵ󿧣ȴǴûа⣬Ů֮ǰֻΪҵ󿧵ǮŮˣû뵽յĽȴǲá
ΪҵҪǮŮ˰ԼͷϵǮȫҵ󿧣˵ĻҵӦرжŶԣû뵽ȷʵлûилӦģҾȻֱӾͰǮˣŮһۣҲͰˡ


674 Ϊ
ϾΪԼİ˸Ů˵ҲûʲôԹԣû뵽ȴŮֱӶԭ˾Ů˵ĽǮ£һЩתһЩʽ
ȻŮڷô꣬ȥô׬ǮôҲеҵףҲǿ֧һµģû뵽ҵ󿧣ҵ˵һͻͻ˵Ҫҵ󿧡
ȥԼϲһŮ˸ҹϾͰǸŮ˸ˣҵ󿧺֡
ǴӦˣΪҪԼ˾ת˵Ҫù˾תĻô붼ΪԼĹ˾ͶʣǽҵôõĻᡣ
ҵȻǲŹģ˱㼱æͷû뵽ƬŮ˵ʱҵ󿧶ʱסˣǱΪԼĬĬǸȵŮˣҪ֪ǰˡ
ǿɾ޲Ķ˵һϲŰˣȻԼȷʵȵŮˣԼϲҲһͨѣܹһ۸ŮˣԼȻҪһﻻһһȴһҧҪǰŮˡ
ҵĻôεĺͬҲʹˣûа취ΪԼҵҵ󿧣ȻƭİŮ˸ƭһΪԼİҪԼ￪û뵽ȴз֣ڴϵľȻһˡ
ӴܣȴҵһӸƵϣȻȥˣİԼϣһһذԼռУŮĶļˣȵڶʱ򣬾ֱɱˣ顣
ҲǴ÷зģǣȴΪͬǩҵ˾ҲĺŮ˾װ׵ĸԼʵҵС
Ҳһ𣬿֮еǸǱ̨ȴǣŮΪԼǱӦõģûбҪ˵ллûбҪ˵رŮˣҵ󿧣ûеŮ˵ķǰֱǿɶŮ˵ĸĸȻ֪飬Ծҵ󿧡
ʵĸΪ˱ģϣһԼŮǰһ㣬ȻԼŮˣҲ飬õοû뵽ҵȷʵΪŮ˵ĸĸΪҪŮ⳥
ʱҵ󿧣ǿǲȱЩǮģԾֱдһ100֧ƱӸˣȻﳤȥֱӱûˣҲͲ֮ˣû뵽ȷʵ¼
дǶرϸҵ󿧺֣ʲôˣΪʲô֪Щ飬ԼЩϸڶѾˡ
·ǿһ֮еʣ˱һȵһϣȻ˵֪ϢĻǾ׾٣ֻ㣬֮ǰҲĿ㿴Щ£˵ʲôãһǧһֲˡ
ţָһ飬һ￴
ԭӵĿɶҵ󿧣ʱҵͷ֮󣬱ԼĹ˾
ԾͶһССľ⣬λģصرĺãǰﵱԼ¹˾ĵص㣬һԼҵչûа취
Сס˶Ͼ񣬶Ѿס˺üʮˣطиģԼסʱ仹ûеûбҪ뿪û뵽ΪԼĿģļһȻЩ˵İΣֱӾͿȻǿ
е˻ߵ¥ֱӰ¥ƵҿЩܵÿ죬ûֱӱ¥ЩʹģķȴͻȻоضɽҡ
Աߵһ¥ֱ˹ȻҲҲûϢˣǾȻû˸վһ£Ҷ֪һȻһҲ˲ٵǮЩٵס˾ǰϾ¥ǿˣҵȷʵԾûа𺦡
ȻˣǾԲģҲʹһȺˣȥ׼Ϸãû뵽⻹ûߵطѾҵСǣŸΧסһȭߣһеĹӣѼͷ̫̫Ҫֳ֪أ
Ǹû˳ܣЩ޼ҿɹ飬ֻܹͷϣڻмȻÿ춼֣еĿ˼ҲСͥΪļһǿԲźЩ޼ҿɹ顣
붼ÿɺޣȻˣʱҲȷʵҵ̫ûͷԣǱȨҲܹ˵ľԣڵЩˣرģôܻЩķ
һѧĴѧǸŮѧ֮˵ԼĸΪҵ󿧵ǿԾͷ˷һȥҵ󿧣û뵽ΪСƯ
ļһֱ˰СϣȻ̣ˣҲͰˣȻԼСܰһ飬Ҫ֪Сܵˣ
ֱ֮˹ȥִһˣûвߵģȻҲˣǣһµ˾Ȼǲ֪ڸģ˵ͦģǳԿó
һδߣȻɽ𣬶ˣûбҪȥˣԼôҲΪˣΪЩ飬˿žرջ𣬱ҵ󿧣ֱӶԼͬŶ֣ҵڿҵʱ
ҵ󿧾ȻֱһѲӣԼͬе۾һԼͬйԼĽ£ԼƤЬȻĻֱһĹ˾Ʋ
һŮȫ乫һ˵ĻȷʵģΪҶ֪ҵ󿧣һ˵ûа취ǸͬУֻܹԼѪ۾Ȼϣһֻһ䶯
ҵ󿧵ĽŵףҵƤЬ̫ߣһȻֱӺݺݵҧסҵ󿧵ĽţǵҵһֱӰͬиˡ
һԼСһЩˮţָЩСһѾͬеԴֱ춼۵ģû뵽ĻˣȴԾɻţǺ˲ǧꡣ
ԼЩ£ҵ󿧶ʱ񷢷һ㣬Ҫ֪֮ǰԼûȥ֮ǰ飬Ϊֻ䣬رĿ£ԼԸûУԼЩʱҲǷ¹ԵģζܹڣҲԺڣΪûҩġ
Щħ֣Ͽ뿪ҺǣԼңҲҪԸǣǶ
ΪЩ飬һҵ󿧵бˣʱһһ
ֱӰԼͷϵǸʿһԼĶӱ˹ȥŰԼӶӣȫ˳ĵڵϣ˹ȥԱߵ˶ЩرĶģЩŮӣֱӵʱŻ
һеЩµĵӣطԼȻεҡҡͷԭЩ֮ǰԼһվϿģжʹһȻһˮȫҳȻۺһ
óˣҲͲһݣû뵽ھȻóˣǺãҲҪȥˣ


675 ȥ
һﶼѾˣҲûʲôԹˣҲеǸƿӽԱҲҿˮ峺ɫˮ֪ˣЩˮͿΪԼİŮ˽ⶾˡ
֪ܹԱôΪҪȥһȻңǱϾҲҪʱģǰ壬ǰΣȹˡ
ǰɱˣȻְȡȪˮĻˣôӦûø֮ǰһİͣģϧǣȪȪˮ׸ƻˡ
֮ǰԼ˵ֻҪȪȪˮУһЩغ컨ĻôȪȪˮҲ޷ָֻһ̶ˮˣ뵽Щˡ
Ҳûа취Ͼĺö⴫ʱֻиǰ˵ֱƻĺãĻ񣬾ͿԹҸǴҪġ
ǶԲǣǣһ㶪رĸмǣǵĻˣҪЩħɱˣȪȪˮҲǲʣµġ
ֻߵ˵ǰȻؾ˸Եĸл
û뵽ȴЦҡҡͷͲҪˣϾҲҲõҪĶǸȡ裬Ҳͦõģֻ̫ϧˣǰȪȪˮƻˣԺϣûкȪˡ
Ҫ֪ȪĴ˵ǿѾϰˣΪҪµãȪȪˮѾ׵׵ûˣеģֻһȺʵˡ
Щ֮ЦҡҡͷԼĻ׺룬ȻŽ
ھ˵ȪȪˮһµģȪˮȡǵȻǻѡߣǲҲþûȪˮ֮
ǵøӵĿ֣ȻˣϣǰϢȥôҶ֪ȪˮӴҲûˡ
ԱͷżææֱɻĿ£뿪ׯŵԽԽԶҪ֪ԼϾҪصԱɣΪ˵Ѿҵ
ǳȴԾһЩɣϾ֮ǰΪýеĶأӦɳĮ֮веֳӣΪλʮʪɭĲ֢²֣ΪģȻĻ
ԼòһҪһҵȻĻԺԼƵĽҩֻҪһʹķȻԸԱԱϲŮˣԼҲǰװ˷ôʱ
ֻԼȷʵԱΪһ˵Աӵż͵ֻŰˣǵ׻ʲôˣҪ֪ܹϽжҧĻ
ǾغߵˣͻȻ֮һӡ󣬲УڳԺĻصǱ֮ǰΨһѾͷѾͷ֪Ϊʲôȥ˲ͬǸصر
Ѿͷһر𵥴֣Ѿͷ۾һر䣬϶й£ʱԼĿһѾͷ·ѾͷڳΪýһת۵ĹȴֱֵرĺãȫҲκεǳȴǸоóҧһ㣬ĺܡ
ǰ׼õĶԱıˣ麮ڿɽѩԱǸƿɫĺȪȪˮȻ˵˵ԼСѾҵˡ
ô֤Ϳ԰ԼİŮˣָǰĽҪ֪ΪýһͲ˺ü꣬Լôʱ䣬һֱſΪԼİŮѰҽҩѰû뵽գ˳
ŻὫ¸ҲһԲĽ֣飬ԱѾװѳԼĺֵܣԺ۳ʲô£ԱڵһʱֵģԱʵôһˡ
ȥģһɱһ㣬ȴرůֻҪһ˸ģôζǲıģΪԼһУҲȷʵԱܸжΪԼ֪
ûбҪôƴֻԼˣǳȴûзֱ˴ˣûзңʱָ飬ѾԱҲȥˣѹԱ̲סҪ
ԼҪڿˣ˧װһ䵭ģջ޷̬ĸı䣬ԼѾŵȥˣȻˣϣĻȥƳҩˣǧҪٳ۶ӡ
ôҪл㣬ĻҲôɣֱӰЩȫټȻˣ֪һУȫҵģܹΪýĲκãôΪţҶǣһ˵ֱֱȥϣ㲻Ҫźá
ãڿɻԱų˵ȻЩ˼ջǰ仰˵˳
һļһȻԼлжʱоЩ棬Ͼ˼ĵģҲЦŵͷûж˵ʲôϾҲԼģӦ˱˵£۸Ĵۣǡ
һ룬Լ֮ǰɵǼ飬Ҫһϡ
˲ųһ˵Ȳżлңڻһ飬Ҫ֪ΪýеĶûô򵥣ΪֶֻܹɳĮвŻᱻҵΪʲôסɭ֮УȻΪýֵжأп϶ʲôΣҾû˹ˣͷ
Щ֮ǰԱе㲻ˣʱüëش
˵ĿɶģĸҪľȻô󵨣ԸİŮˣ֪ˣһŹģǸӦ뵽ˣϾΪýƽʱͲӴ
Ըô׾ٵľж˵ģӦԱڲģĸһΪʲôҪӣҪ֪ƽʱΪýǴκ˵ģΪҲرĺãҪ֪ɵˣرϲ
ԼŬĻ䣬Աȴվ벻˭ΪýôĳޣһҪӰѻΪýأ
ЩʣԱܿͻصԱɣ˿ϴرĸˣǳȴǼæ۲һˣǱˣźΪýǸѾͷѾͷֽ硣
֪ԼûпΪ磬˵Աҩʱ֮дһЩߺޣرĲ⣬һӾóˣӣӦòԼˣȷд£ԭȷʵǳӣѾͷԭԱ˵Ů
֮ǰԱΪ裬ֱӰһɳɵİɸˣȻɵŮҲǰ磬Ϊ˰Լױ𣬰ԼɸԲŻ͵͵Աɡ
Ȼ˰ţΪýź򣬿û뵽һеһУȴ˵ĻԵɺϣΪֻҪԱɱ˾ͺˣû뵽ΪһżȻĻᣬʱ֡


676 컯
ҪԼ㶫أû뵽;ȴһҪС죬ֱӳҪ̣ˣؼʱ̣ԱȷʵˣһӰСڵأְõԼ棬ȻץסԼ
ʱ磬ѾסˣҪ֪ǰԼĳˣ׼ԼеذͳȻһɱ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ղһȻԼԱǸʮֿεģѾȫӳŮ˵۾֮УҰԱԼİˣʱޡ
Լһţȴǲ֪ǺãʵŮкֵܶĻᣬȴˣԼҲףԼѾɱͷԣÿԱԼ˵һ仰
涼رĸˣԼֻﵥ˼Ҳһϲˡ
֮УֻԱŻԼ¶ֻԼѾͷ˵ˣʵΪýҲԼ֮޸Ա
ٻԼչԼϹû뵽ȴǵȲˣѾǰ֣ҪΪýֱӸɱΪÿοһԼͺ񱻵һҲܲˣԲŻˡ
棬ѾΪýԼˣ֮ǰԼɱ֮Ѿȫ֮Ժ󣬵ȻˣԱŮʮָ˵ܵԱߡ
ȻֲҽԼĸֳֻǰԱϵ·ȻֻһЩµ·Ҫ֪Ա粻ԼһСðˣûġ
Ҳ֪Ϊý˼ԼѾ¶˾ģΪý˵ĻôԼⱲҲͲȥˣҪ֪ԼⱲֻϲôһŮˣζһҪŮ˻
ذγȥһ˰ɣҪҪ׼һЩóԵĶ
ϾѾͷҲǺģԱﻹйȥԶ˱ҡҡͷֱӳΪýķ˽ȥȿΪýôˣԼܹ
ԼϲߵŮ˷ʱʱҧгݣֻųڶԼ˱㼱æͷȻȥ˳Լ鱻˸ǳѾһ￴ˣʱеҲ⣬ؾѾͷģǰɱ˫ۡ
ʲô鶼ܹóСѾͷȥ֪϶ϲԱԱСѾͷȴûаоСѾͷŻޣʹΪý롣
ûŮ˵ĻԼԱҲпһˣǳ˵ǸܵģʱֶԼ˵ףοǱأֻϣСѾͷס
ȻĻʱȵԼ֣ǿɾͲÿˣԼԼ֮УѾܵ²ǰô򵥣Ϊ֮Уһʮص黹б顣
Ҳ˲ˣææߵΪýķ䣬ʱͿΪýѾЩ첻ˣϲ԰ײ԰׵ģͨŮ˰Ҳ֪ˣ˶ֽš
ӿҩʱ䣬ûв´ӦþǸ磬Ѿͷ̫ɶˣȻΪԼĿģ˵ĲֶΣҿԼѾѽҩȻĻѾͷóˣ붼û㼱æۺһ𣬽Ա㵽һȥ
ؽԼ͵ҩ裬һ˽ȥΪýϾѾûˣԺȥ
ûа취ֻ÷ԼڹŮջǽȥǿƽˣֻҪ˯ҹܹسų
һԼͷϵĺˮεҡҡͷҶѾˣͿˣܹĻڵĶȫŷųôҲͻûµģ;飬ǿ¾ң޼¡
ûŻ˼ȷʵˣΪҹǧܳκεĲȻĻǰ
ʱ򣬳ѾһӰǱǸ磬ӿǰѳˣһﵽʲô
ΪʲôһֱϲԱҲӦֶΣϾǲģοκ˶һĻʱһẦΪý
ΪýǿԱҪˣһĻôԱ϶ᷢģʱ̬޷пƣԼǲϣӣϣ鷢Լȴܹݾߡ
ѡˣΪýѾҩ״̬Ի˯ҹʣµ鵱ȻֻԱ֪ˣԱ߳ʱ
æԱԼߣȻŰԼЩȫԱϾԱԼǿԼֵܣԱ˵ʲôʱζһҪΪýȳ
ȻˣΪֵҲһܹΪýκε飬ԼԱŬôãѵľŬװ׵ķϵǾԲܵģ˵ԼʲôˣȻѾ֪粻ǸöôԲ˵
翴ȥ۵ıƣֻҪõһΪýһЩжΪԷһͱһж׼̣Ȼˣζκ֪ģһһ޷죬Ϊͨ䣬ƽʱĹ۲Կó
磬رõԱΪýΣŸӣȻĻһź˵Ѿͷôܻôĵӣ˵ѾͷȥԲͨˣǰҲһҡ
˵һģȻĻǣһ·óӵˣ˵ܺõĻôΪʲôҪ˵ѾߣҪ֪ûСԸģбضʲôֵģǺ룬ŷһµĽ
ԼҲԸţǺҲˣΪľԼǸӣѾͷԱһг𣬻Ϊ˴ŻԱɣԱôˣôܻῴĳѾǲǺö
ԱرĲ⣬ǻǸҲͿԻԼġ
뵽֮󣬷ǰиӵˣĻôԱΪýǺΣգ룬ӦҲûʲô飬ϾѾͷôãҪһ˵ĻѾ֡
οԼκ˶磬һϲԱˣԲŻӣΪ飬Ű޸ˣ˵ĻҲͺǡˣޣûô׻⡣
ΪԱԶϲѾͷѾͷƵ·ϵĻѾͷʲô鶼Ҫ֪ɲţ飬ĿԻԹޣԼûпָ
ȻˣˣԱˣԼɲȥģʱȥ˼ҵǿɾͲֵˣ黹Ա˼ɣϾѾͷϲԱһԱвͬĿôԼղĲǰװ׵˷


677 ɱӿ
ڸˣ˻Ů˲ӦҲ֪ģ֮ǰ͵͵ŮʩأԲŻжʲôȻõ˽ҩҪҹ
ܹŮ˵ĲȫãԣǸ˿϶ᵽȻƻһкʫ߶ѾһĿ꣬˵ɲҪżǱˣ磬Ѿͷϲ㣬ӦǿóģΪҪΪý׵ĺҲпԭġ
Щ֮ǰԱʱסˣҪ֪縡ԼǰӡǿرĹɸÿμԼǺܹԺܹԵӣͨЩ֮
ԱҲˣԭô£ֻԼ˼ȫΪýϣﻹйģҲֱӰСѾͷˣǾҲܹ˺Լİˡ
Աȥҵ磬Ȼ󽫴ֱӲҪԼ棬˺Լİˣ˭øۡ
Ȼˣ֪һ϶˻ûԱȥѾݺݵסˣȥĻؿ϶֪ʱ򹷼ǽɾͲðˡ
ԼԼĿԸоѾʹһּıҲԽԽֻȷʵǸʲô壿ȷʵǺܴģѾƺһ壬һʯ׼Ľвá
ϣΪýȥԼͿԵõԱĵģⱲӲܹУԵȵ±ӣϾԼİֻһӲܹҵ
ȥѰңҲҵģֻݾߣ㻹ҵĻҵķԸȥɣӲܰСѾͷΪ֪СѾͷֻΪܵһЩõջ󡣡
ȫԱȻˣʵ֪СѾͷȷʵӣСѾͷСʳǡ
ϾһԼҲǺڵһСϴ󣬾ֺܲҲ˵˵ƻҲֵģѾͷСҲûܵʲôί
û뵽ȷʵûã˲õ飬ǱģΪԱԱʵɸʰġ
ǱϾԼҪڵһĻôͶԼԾͱҪ飬ò˵һȷʵˣյĽ
ȷʵô֪ԱɵĴڣҲôԱɵû뵽ΪԼˣɳ׽ˣҲǱԼˡ
Ҫ֪ûеĺӣرĲҵģû뵽ȻԼ˱ˣЩ꣬˷ӵϱȥ涼һЩӰ֪Լ֮˵;ҪϾԼ֮ǰһر𻶿ĴС㡣
ȴΪԱԼɣȻˣĳԼζǲܾԷģ˵ĵףԱ͵ûѡġ
Ա֪һУ֪ΪԼһСģһɣԾĿվΪŻԼΪýܵĲƽʵΪý޹ˣ鱾ŮûκεĹϵƾʲôҪܵıΪԱҪԱԼĻ
ҲӣοԱ˭˺ԼİŮˣȴΪʱΪһҲѾԵĸƻվȻ뷨ȫŵԱİŮϣΪһеĹȫΪŮˡ
ΪŮ˵ĻԼҲòԱĴԼһոհƵ˵ԼˣԼҲǰһϣΪ˵
ŽȥһЩӣζӵѾͷˡ
һȥˣڶһԼ׼˹ԱȵʱȴԱȻڸΪýһȶҪ֪Լæһ
ȴĽȻˣǸŮ˺ҲͺˣһҪԱԼգŮҲֱӰѼ˹ȥȻЦ˵ǸΪý׼ĶҲԱƷһ¡
Ͼ˶Ѿͷûз˼Ҳûں⼦֮ΪýһֱޣԱȴû˵ʲôһС£ȴֱá
һжŮָʹģԱ˵úȣԹ޾ԽԽûа취⣬ʵΪýһֱ統Լĺýãʱ޿̶ǺóԺúȵ
ҴѾͷػû뵽ȴһ˵ĵűĻ֮Աжʱ㲻֪ôȥϾŮҲϲԼ
ŻӵģԼԼϲŮˣǿֱֲԼȥ磬Ļ鲻ìˣѵǵõȵ֮ȥѾͷʱɾΪʱˡ
ǳ˼ֻˣʲô鶼һҪѧȴԼѾ趨壬ѾͷͻȥݺΪýʱԼȷ֤֡
Ѿͷʲô˵Ȼ˳ȻûȫİգپֻзһܹյĽ
ҲϣԼǸӣǧҪ鷢תʱԼŬɾͰ׷˲ûóʧΪʱѾһذĳΪýˣΪѾͷѾܹˡ
ζһҪŮ˸ɱŮѹĻʱԼľһᶼûˣҪԼİ˸ŮһǻֱӰɱˣ绹Ǿǰֻ֣ܹŮԼˣҪԼĺݡ
˵ͲҪɵվˣѾͷѾİŮˣô͸ϹȥܹüȻĻֻܹΪİŮʬˣѵϣ
˺ˣȵ֮ٸ֪ͣ϶ףҲΪ߳ԲŻгģҪǲĻ磬һûȥɱ
ѾûйȥˣΪԼǸСťѾʼˣ˵Ѿ˴ȥˡ
˳˲ֱǰԱ֣Ȼ㳯Ǹ˽ȥȻ
ֻ׼Ϊý֣Աֱӳ˹ȥֱһ֣ͰѾͷƷ˶Һݺݵˤһߣ֮ػЩǣСȫ˽
Ȼ󿴵ǰζʱҲˣæѺ۾һЩǳĹʱܻҪѳɱˣǳȴЦŰԼеǸ̽Ǹ
ԭѾµѾͷᵽ˱̽ǣĻôͻӦõҲͰץסˡ
˵СѾͷĳ̫ݶˣҪ֪Ϊýԩ޳ΪʲôҪ˼ҳ֣ѵΪһ˽뷨Ҹ㣬绹İɣ
Ļֻ㽥׹밢޵ĵЩԶ޷ΪɱΪýͿ԰ռĸĵλ㲻ҪˣⱲӶǲܵģΪͲ飡


678 ⲻǰ
û뵽һӾͰԼ¸ˣʱϾЩÿˣԼôһô֪ѵһԼĻ׳𣿵ȻˣһĻ׳棬һ뷨ȴǷĴĦ϶뷨ǿѾͷϾҲǱͷԡ
ֻѾͷţȻԱĺȥǾԵķŭΪʲô
ΪʲôҪӶңѵҵŬŮ˵ãÿ춼Ķû¾װߺԼʫһÿ춼ʵڵŮˣΪʲôƫƫϲŮΪʲôͿϵģ֪Ϊ㸶˶٣Ͳۿһ𣿡
Աһ߿ûܵȺΪýȻʮְǿʯͷķû뵽ʱˣǰȻǲ֪ڸġ
ԼѾӦѾͷһˣû뵽ѾͷȻ˵ԿԿóѾͷûлڸĵ˼ǰѾͷ˵Ļ»ǻԼȻĻ
ֱӰѾͷ˾ѾͷϲԼΣϾԼҲûбѾͷҪϲԼ
ϲһûд󣬵ϲɶȥ˺ϲôĻľЩˣ˵ԱһֱǸƢֻҪǶΪýõ顣
ôԼ˵һԴȻˣǰĸԴǱ磬û뵽ԼƽʱѾͷԼԴѾͷȻԴԼ
ƽʱΪýԴǿɾ͸ӵĺˣʲôóԺúȵĶѾͷţΪѾͷ˵ڴҪģ绹ȥ
˵رжӦÿһ£û뵽ʱȴǱӣЩǿʱҪܵ˵Ĵۣѵǵȵʹ޵ʱŹװһӣӿԱҲѾ޷ԭһ
ΪԼ֮ǰѾһһλᣬֻһﲻϧˣȻ˵ĻҲͲҪԼˣ
˱ֱߵǰסĲӣʣҾҸΪýǲˣΪʲôҪأ֪Ұ㵱ɺãΪý
Ҳ㵱ɺã㵹ãȻͷԸĻģΪýѹ֪֮Լһֱر۵ã񶾵ӣĲ֪жʹ
Щ̲סˣΪʲôҪӣƾʲôֻǿ˱ˣѵԼľһ㶼ûһǰ©Լα׿һȴһ㷴ӦԼ
Ҫ֪һɱԼ׵ĳˣԼİȫأԼԸԭһΪʲôһȴԾɲԼϿԼŰһֱΪԱš
ȻˣԱͲᰮŮˣûΪýҲϲ˶񶾵ŮˣԱȻԼѾǺöҲԲԼϲǸŮ˱ɻ
Ȼ˵֪𣿵ҵĸ׸ɱˣɳˣҵ룬һֱĴ֣ȥָԶ֪ģҺ޹㣬Һ޲ҪΪ֪һҵĳˣǵǱ
ĸӴʱȴϲˣҲžţѡ˷ޣֻϣܹңû뵽۾ȴԶֻŮҺ㣬ĺúޡ
Щڳ˶о𺳣û뵽ǰ磬Ȼ㣬һеһж컯Ūˣûа취ĻԱԸԼɳˡ
ԶҪԼĹϵԶҪΪԼνãʱ򣬿ѾͷǸ崿Լıлˣȴһְ飬ֻһˡ
ΪԼҲҪֵʱǹ˿˵ģҲܹô֤ԼѾͷҲͨⲻ顣
ֻͬˣαʶˣô򵥣ֻѾͷ˼ˣ·ԼⱲѾ¹ԣζֻᰮǰһŮˣҲϵĻΪýȥŮˣΪŮ˰Լˡ
ԼԼԼŮˣѾȫΪһ壬ŮҪĻôԼҲȥⲻԼһʱ˵ĻȷʵˣȻˡ
˲֪ΪԼϴ̫飬ǳȴκ˶ףЩΪԼеǸĿ꣬ԶģǽԼȫȼǷɶ˻һȴԾɲϻͷȻ仹֮٣ͨ˻ռݴಿֵģ˭ԸΪ˰飿
Լ㲻ԸĻֻ֤㻹̫˽Ҳ˵Ͳİ飿ֻ໥ϲˣΪİ飬ǿԸöԷ˴׳ģǴ˿ԱΣգҪΪý׳ԼŮҲǶ˵
ֱӾǴ˵еϬһͨԱ˶ֻĽķݶûѧϰݶȻˣҪõİ飬ҪԼģñ˸ܵĲУֻһζñģԼߺ֣ǿҲǲӽϣǰ磬ӣԼԱ߸ԼһԸ
ҲԱôģԱȷʵĶˣȻĻѾˣֺαصȵ֣ѡ˵Ҳǲֻϧˡ
һ㣬ĿһֻĻһҲԱرĸпû뵽Ů˰ԼȻѾֳԵĵزʵԼҲûпԼã
ԼֻһϵСҲѧոԼЩСǵһ죬Ȼˣ˵ĵĻû˱Լӵֻǿϧˡ
ԼѾûа취ȥϲŮˣ챾ֱӸɱ˵ģԼ²֣ΪϾһϲԼŮˣԼѾͷҲǳãԼĲ뿴ѾͷһһĶ䣬ǿԿóѾͷͲȡ˵Ȱ档
һʱ֮䲻֪Ǻˣֻε̾˿Ȼߵ˳߳һǶıʲô취ѾͷȴȻԽ¸⣬ϾҵĶԹǿǻԽԽģԱûаɱһ
Ϊ֪ԱƢһǲ߶ʮһ׾ͻ˸ɱģԿóһ绹Щģְֻ顣
ļֻ˵һЩͨһ£زܹĸıãȻĻʱֻ˵ĹϵĶ񻯣ǲ֪Ϊʲôйɲõ˼ӿͷȴԼһ㶼˵һƤԼĺ͵
ߵߣҲεҡҡͷʵ˭ûд죬ûиһԵʱΪǶûˣȴһ𡣡


679 ϲ
ʮƽ
Ҹ㣬ҪǿмĻֻİǷϣпİ˶ϲԱĻҾ֣ϾԱа㵱ɺãϣ˶ǷĿɳ𣬶˵ˣȻǳˣÿܻһ
ǲ£ۣҲǸѹҪĻԱѾİˣЩ˵ӦҲõ
ʵǰ飿ҲǺΣԼ˵ʲôأָ飬ԼΪֶˣҲֻܽû˵ϣϣ֪Ѷˣ˵ĻôԹúһ㣬û뵽ȴˣԱ̬֮жʱҲˡ
ԼôŬ¶õԱģҼȻԼѾôԼлȥıҪ𣿺ûأ˾ȻֱӴԱǸֵܵͳһ
һӱɱԼ࣬ǰԱгˣʱ׼ȥΪʱʱĵȥԱһ߹ȥŮ˸סԱԼסˣȻĵЦˣԼҪʱ򣬿˱һԼ
Լƽʱ˽ĵĿԱ˧ˣ֪ʲôʱܹԼֻԼ룬СѾͷ˵ԼⱲӶܵõԱİ顣
ȻˣΪߺޣȻֱӰǸСѾͷʬΣӵڣȻιˣ˵飿ѾȥܾˣСѾͷȴԾûз֪Ϊʲô
һڸԼǧҪԼҪԱֻҪԼֵףصʱ˾һһģõģʵǲпģһһεĸǰ磬ǲеͨģԼѾԱˡ
Լ˫մѪ֣ԱǸʮ˧ϧԼҲҲҲ޷ΪİǸˣĻԼһĽˡ
յĽһﲢԼԼΪԼеڣΪûҩģǵúСʱ߹Լһ룬һҪȥߡ
ңԶǾһΰ˵Ļһ룬Ϊһ죬룬Сľʵأ˭֪ǰ׽ŪˣҪĶȥ
ǧ֮⣬ȴشһֱӰ˹ȥһӾ㣬ʵԼ룬ҲǶֶ֮࣬ŮһŮֻǱͷԡ
ԼĺܻĻѾˣοȵڣֻϧŮ˼̫ܣԼǻҲԱԼ϶ϾԼĸףԱɱġ
ԼɱİˣԼ޷ԣֻܹѡԼԼĺܺ䣬Լÿһͥߵʱʱޡ
ǾһҪԱɱԱĻԼͲ䵽³ΪÿһͥǲһģԼֻһˣÿζᾭͥԼ˺ȴϲԱŪˡ
֪Ⱳ޷õˣҲ޷õģǵȵʱԱңľѾˣֻϣ㲻ҪҵĴڣϣǵһŮӣĬĬϲ㣬ҾѾ㹻ˡ
˵Щ֮Ҳʹ˵ϣʱԱʱЩѹϾСѾͷȷʵ˾ͦģԼӦǰԣɳ
ôͲ飬ҲͲᵼԼĺ˵֣Լȴ޿κΣȻˣԼٺҲûã׻˵ĺûҩġ
ֻԱıȻԼֵܸһʮ־޴ķĹѾͷ棬ȻһƬһҪ֪Ѿͷǰϲľһˡ
ԼʵûںֻѾͷÿ춼ԼͷϷһ֦һڻ֪ȻˣԼԲѾͷѾͷûֻѾͷϲһӦϲˡ
飬ȷʵͲӦòԱߵĳֻ￴ţȷʵĬΪԼ֪Ա϶رܣʱ򿴵ԼӵܣҪȻԸԼûҲԼߵ˾Ϊʹĸܡ
ҲҲ̵ֱ֪ʹǰԼõİ취ǲҪ˵ԱİЩȫֻӲſĻָȻˣҿΪýûзʲô飬ȻĻֿ²رѿҲԼҪǸӡ
֮ڵȵΪýѣҵŮһ֮󣬶ʱкȻڵĶȫŻ³ֻһ̲ɫ壬ñ˾رĶġ
һһЩʮֳζԱȴһ㶼ԱʰȻһҲûΪýرĸж֪ԼŮ֮󣬳æһЩҩƷȻŮ˷£ŮľͿ´߶ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǲߵģΪֻҪ߼;ͷĿѣ㼱æҪԱϢܳʱ䣬տʼվʱΪýлرĵģ᲻֮ǰԼͷĿѣĻԼľԶòˣ˼֮󣬶ʱԼһ鶼ûУȻһӱܿˣҪ֪ԼжûúõرˣȻˡ
ûа飬ŮΪ»Ϊý֪֮ܣϾŸոյĺתڲ˵Ҫģˣζ鱻Ϊýָ
ܻΪý֣絽ȥˣԹѯԱԱȴЦҡҡͷ˵ѾͷؼˣΪѾͷҵԼˣȻҲᣬûа취
Ͼ˼ҵļ˲ҪģЩ֮󣬻ΪýҲرĲᣬ룬Ͼ˼ҵļҲԼŮԼܹǿΪԼ˽ͰѾͷˣοԼҲһԸ񵥴ˡ
񿴵ԼİŮ˾ȻˣµԱıˣʱ㿪һ칦ᣬңеֵȫе̫ÿˣֻԱԱŮˡ
ҲΪýϷǱԱֱߵߴ˶޷ᲢۣҳʵҪЩ̵ģϾԼӦõġ
ԼӦԱһҪŮ˸ȻҪ֪ԱɣǿǱˣҪ֪ѾôǿԴħбȻҲǺܲˡ
οһȫΪҪǳĻЩҲ˵ĺã˵ˣʵ֮ҪЩˣΪĶΪԼеǸ룬ֻҪ֮ŻЩΣҲúܺõģҳףΣҪ¸ˣԼҪˣұˣȻˣôģҲǺܸ˵ġ


680 
Ҫ֪лرҲϣЩΪֲܵƽĴԲŻҪȥ﹧άԼҪĲǹάֻҪҹÿ־ͺãοбκ˶Լ춼һҪ˵
ȻҶҲֱӿżɽˣǶ֪ԱϣǿǺպģǵǵ˸ȻҲΪ˱ֻΪϣǵԴӦһ顭
ЩʱԱЩסˣ֪ʲôʲôֻҪǳҪôԼǿԴӦģΪԼԼİŮˣԼⱲӴûимһˡ
ȴΨһһȻˣԱǰԼĺֵܣԼĺøǶһȥµʱԼܹĺöְΪý
׵׵ľ˻ָм飬Ƕ޷ģҪǾԲ˵ֻҪǳԼģԼȥԼҲԱģһһصĺӣҲѹΪýΪȥҲǣ֮ǰǸˡ
ȻԭģȻĻҲװһ˵ģΪԱֵˣԱܵЩСܵĳݣϴĻЩСǵȻǰٷ֮ӵġ
Ϊ˱ģΪԱϣ˵ڵϣԺ󳹵ʧ˵ɽɢֻԱԱЩСǣɽϡ
ԶԶֵĻȥҪȥˣĻʵû˼һܵ˵ȺһвԱɵĻǾǸٻɣȴѾˣôҲ˵طֻԱɡ
ֻҪԱɲȥ£ôû˸Ҳ뵽֮ŸҰ˵οطѾرãֱһСУԼո߽ʱ
һĻԼ޷رҰƶ䣬ȥһʲôǺڵϵİɣһСС򣬶ȷʵرĺãΪһرĳУȻйҵķչˡ
˵طóǳһطǰԱĻţΪҲرĺÿֳͣʳҲóԶˡ
֪ΪʲôǾԱڼȥΪ˵ȥЩеĻһЩ˻ԱԼ뿴һ죬ΪģΪԼѾװԱԼĺֵܣϣԼֵܵκε
ʱԼ԰ԱȳΪýȥأϾôһɣѵ˵
ֻԱʹͷȻ˵ʲô˵ͺˣֻҪܹģһᾡŬȥο˲֪㻹֪ҪĻҵŮľ޷
Ҷĸм֮飬޷ֻҪ˵ҾͰȥ죬ҵֵȫҵĻ
Щ֮󣬳ҲһЩϣ˾ͼæһƣȻߵԱǰųԱԼеЩȫ˵˳ϾѾˡ
ЩΪЩֵǺò˵ҪԱˬ죬ΪǰСУʲôȱˣûбҪȥ¡
֪˵Ļ᲻ϲһҪ˵ΪǺֵܣҲϣ£ҲԱɽģǼֱ̫ˣϡ
õİҲĪҪ㣬ζܹȥˡ
úôֵǧҪȥϵΪûһöҪȥˣǰµЩ£ĺҶˣʱҪĻôҾͻһɳе˭Ǻֵأ
˵֮һӽƸˣҪ֪˵ǴرһԾŶ˵һЩȫеô϶ͲᱳԼŵԣҪ֪Ƕһ
ǰǸԱ˵ǽһˮ֮и˳ԱǼֱҪͷ˱еĵֶ˳еľƱȻ˵
ΪȫһЩмĻҲֻЦŲûȥֻȵ֮ȴͻȻԱ߹ȻԼĶ˵һЩ
رĸжϾֵ֮ӵĻԳУܵĻԼԱ˵ǸӣһҰ׵ˣȥЩʲôǸ顣
ȥЩѿϾԱͳ£СѾǷչ˶壬ֻҪĻӦÿһֱάּʮ꣬ϰ׻˵ĺãȻҶҡ
һ˺ȷʵԵ˺ãô򵥵ĵشҶ׵ģֻҪЭ԰ɽԱһΪԱɵرʵڣҲȥﶷ
˵Ȩ֮Ϊ֪ⶼû˼ȻҪģԱΪֵ߲嵶ľ񣬸жеֵܣЩֵǲŻԸԼϴ
ȥһҵò˵ˣԱҲֻһͨҪģ˵ûǰĻΪýԼѾˣһеһжԱ˵ĶͣԸϧ֮ǰ֮УǹΪֻ֮ΪҪΪýβ
ΪûǮֻܹԼҲúˣûҩģҲֻܰίȫ̵˶ԼҲԲӱץߵģΪԼ˵ҪİŮ˹һӡ
ⱭƣԱŸ˵ӵĻ֪ΪҺãرм㣬ĻҵİŮⱲҶˣҲҪȥѳᡣ
ʲôҿ϶ģղ˵Ǽ飬ǾԲģȻԱ飬ôһепȥ֮ǰһĻõϵĻʱóһģ
епʱסˣôҪĶԼɲҪû뵽Աȴǵ˴ۣȥһĴԼˣôԼҪٹƴǵĻ·ǲֻõͷԱְ˳Ȼżˡ
лĻ϶ĶȫУȻҲҪеı֣ҪЩ˹ԼЩеûģԼԲѶ˵ˣһѾƲˡ
˭֪ܲҵЩˣ뷨ȷʵûдΪԱңʱֱһЩСУƲˣûʽת˾ӣˡ
Щ˶ԱǺ֮ǣһԱ˺޲ýһֱӸ̻ˣԱһ˸֮Ȼ׼Լ֮·ϾԼҲȲѲŵģѾҲûбҪﶺ


681 ҧŲ
Щ˵ĿĴԱ˳ۿȴűҲǼһѴ
Ҫ֪ûԿ׵Ļûܹȥ֮ǰԼҲԸζһҪΪ˱ЩԱɵֵǣʵر壬һҶ֪
ԱҲȫĻȥˣԼͲˣҪΪ֮ǰԼİŮ˵ѾԸЩɣ˵ʵԼҲ
ȻˣЩҲǹԼҸӣϣţڻЩģʱȴͻȻֺ˸Լƾԡ
ҲԼȫˣǽһ˿ѣһ·֮󣬳ҲˣǰһﲻǱӦþ֮ǰǸԼʯͷε죬һԼʲô
ѵûдŹԼ϶Լ֮ǰ˵Щ¼֤ȫóȻԼץͲܷΪתرĿ졣
ʱһЩ֮ɱ˻ģǶøɸɾģһĺܼҪȻҲֱӰˣµ춼֪ǸʯͷǴģΪ˲Сӹġ
˵ޱļһôܻץĵİѱȻ˳Ҳǲ˵ģΪһЩ죬ƽʱŬﶢ˵Ľźһ￴ȥҲһˣǸԱǴһģǳӰ첻ã˿
Ǳ˻ΪôҲûҪԾһͽȥû뵽ǸȻľˣԭԴӴ̽Ա֮ҹ費˼룬Ŵӳץ֤ݣȻٰѳץϾϵİô࣬ĿĻôԼһˣȻһ̫ˡ
˾һֱ·ţҳʵ֪һԼֻԸ˵˶Ϊһʱܵúܿ죬ʱȷʵܵúհͨ졣
ЩúʵЩʵ̲סˣֱӳ嵽ǰȻѳסǰһǱжʱЩЦԼղֻŪһһˣû뵽һͲסҵԼ֤ݣǿǳ롣
˵ͬ־ʲôǰʶɣ
һԱߵСݣȻΪԼ²ĳһ˵Щǰˣ֪ԼںھȻװʲô֪ӡ
ԼĺһƣȴûȥϾԼִԱҪĻʱȥ˵˵Լ붼ûˣԼò׵˾죬ȻܹһСļһͰԼȥ
һߴŴһָų˵˵ûǸϿԼȥҪΪҲ֪Щ飬ȥ׵Ļһ˵ЩûʱҲûôء
˵ˣѾЩ£ΪʲôҪأѵǵҳ֤׻˵ĺãֻ֣©ҪѵĻǾԲܵģǲ©֮ġ
óЩˣԼǴûмܹ߶ˣ뵹ҲǣһϴŵģֻͨƷӦ˺ܶꡣ
һֱûʲôͣҲֻƽƽͨˣЩĻҲɽӣΪҶ֪ģ棬ֻˣſһһһҪ뵱٣Ǳһ󹦣Ա㶢˳ôӳ֡
ͿԵõԼɹĻᣬ仰˵ȷʵȷʵİӣǳʲôˣñ˸ĻôѾ֤ȥְѳץˣԸǰװ׵˷ʱ䡣
ҲûбҪһԼˣϾԼ޷ʵһԸԼڿɲ밴һ˵ȥס
ԼƾʲôףԼɱЩ˸һЩֲ˵ʲôƽգˣҪĻԼЩ˵ôҲԶȥԶȥ׵ġ
˱ҡҡͷеǸСݸµһԣųһ˵˵ͬ־㻹ǲҪˣûκεãҲ֤ݵģȻĻҲҫڴˣʱ䵹ȥץˣԻ󣬲˿£Щѣ
⻰ó˵ˣҪ֪ǰһƽʱھֵԵͲôãҪ֪˰ͽ˾ǶõĶҪôһЩ֮ģһﵹá
һȵڹ꣬ȻֱӸԼ˾˸ӱֱ˾ҪһҪ֪׻˵ĺãʲôܹգյĻöأһȴͲеĵȻڱԹϴƫ̻ˣЩ˸ͲԼѫࡣ
Ǳ˾ͿٶԼȴֻһƽľ죬˵ЩĻ˾˺ãȻĻ죬һﶼˣȻһȷʵ̤ͦʵģҲΪԭǸֵ˾Űһ
Ͼˣͷǻõģһǲܹ٣ҲܹԼסһܹһֱ쵽ڣֻȷʵЩΪԼ˦Щ֮󣬱Ϊ뿪û뵽һԾɸԼ
ȻĻ;ˣ߶ʮһҲܹԼˣֻܹԼ̫ޱ
Գ붼ûֱȥˣľ쿴֮ҲȻ׷˾·Ϲתƣû뵽ͻȻ֮Ϳǰһֲֳ˵Ȼ׷⼸׷ϣԼĿû뵽Ǹ쿴⼸ɱ˶ʱ˹ȥ
ԭļһѾ˺ˣһ˾ȻһģҲˣżæ˹ȥȴֲǰȥԸϾһǸ񲡡
񲡵ĳˣ񲡲Żӷ˷ƵɱˣȻһʵûľֻǹװͨҽԺˣһôһƺţҪ֪ڷǹ涨˵ģɱǲһ
ԸЩԼĳˣ쿴Լ˱ɱ֮󣬶ʱҲǷ˷һĳû뵽ȴһӱǸ񾭲ƵһԣǰһﴩžķװǸЩˣܾɱ˲˭֪ǰľǸʲôһǸٵĻ
ʱԼװɾ񲡣ЩֵҲǲŹԼģʱ˹Ȼز쵹ǲôϲջǽˡ


682 м
ʱǸĶȻֿʼɱˡ
Ǹһﲻ˳۱ֱõ˹ȥǿȥˣϾ򲻹һֻĿһȥǳȴˡ
ּܲһװɵʵһһ۵ʱ򣬳Ѿ³ˣһ϶װΪԼҲǼģ˵
ԼѾ϶ˣ˿ǰѾͷľ죬һҲǲ֪ôȥˣȻ˵ĻԼҪǼ˵ġ
˵ΪȻ￴ţȻȥˣ̫ɶˣȻĻҾȥѵһΪһͲʲô񲡣ֻװ񲡣Ҷ֪ɱ˲ԣžͺˣ
ЩʱסˣȴȻǰȥ±ǸһһˣҲ˲ЩһӱһߣǸûзӦֱӾ͵ڵ϶ϵǰѵҲѾԶǰվԼǰڵĿԼ
ǰˣҪ֪ԼǾɱ˲һﻹҳֱǲˣ˱㽫ԱߵǰѵĨȻֳųɱˣֲǸɵӡ
һոհʱһץסһĸ첲źݺݵı˦ӵһԣΪһ̫ˣеĵӶʱ䵽ԶһҲ˳Ǹ˹ȥʱ㱻ˣǸֱӿˣҪ֪Ǹʱ
ԼؾֵĻأԼͿٷƣǲ֪ΪʲôԼȷʵһڸԼǸӦãһɱԼ˶Լ˱ˣһΪʲôҪѺ˸ץȥ
ԱתȥȻˣ֪һǹԼһᣬԼϿߣҲͲٶ˵ˣֱԱߵһгȻ뿪ˣųȥӰǸεؽԼñɱˡ
ȻҡҡͷԼⱲֻܹһͨľˣԼˣ˱ʰֳû뵽ֵľֱֳӸϵˣȻѯһô£
һ˵ļһɱˣԼպøϵǻûԼĻ˵ֳͶԼӱΪΪ쵽ģҪ֪һ޴Ĺѫ
˶˵ֱӰһֵ鳤ȻһЩҪ֪Ҹ̫ˡ
ղԼʧһת۾Ȼܵ쵼࣬ԭֻҪ¾ͿᣬˣҪúõĸмǳĻԼĵòĻ᣿г·ϣϾԼҪ뿪ط
Ҫعˣ·ֱһ⳵⳵˾ȷʵܺõģȻ˼óԵĸرĸмЦŵͷҲͽЩʳȻ⳵˾˵Цģ˺ܿ·ˣ⳵˾ԭǴġ
Ϊڼֵز׬ǮԾŵ⳵ȻһĵһˣԳһȷʵͦ׵ģҲ;ʱһһЩСѡ
ϾԼڲЩǮο⳵˾˵ڷܸʵԺӿ϶úܺãȻˣֻǳжϣԵķ羰ŻԺûлԱˡ
жʱЩˣЩʱûвɢϯԼҲҪ̫ˣϾԼѾһУһ뵽ԼԱֱɻʵʱ
·һرĲű߼ʣȷʵչˣû뵽εʱͻȻ⳵˾ͣǰ⳵ֱӾŴۣǰѳŻǿʲô
ȻųӣʱųԿĹȥԭطһɽֻͨһʮĵ·ѣطǳ֮٣ǰȴǳ˼׳⼸һ￴ȥʲôˣ
ż󶤰壬Ȼ˵ϣЩ⳵߶ûߣֻҪ߹ȥĻ̥ͻᱻըЩһӦ⳵ǰѳˣٱ˵Ҳˡ
û뵽ȻٵԼͷϣҲԼʲôˣɵúúõĳڶǴҪղԼʼǸװ񲡵ĶԣʱлЩˬ
Ϊûдʹ죬ᣬǻúúõİһһ٣˵˳⼸ǸӣҲӦи֮ģҪԼ
⼸һȴֱͷ棬ҲҲͷȥĴҪʬ𼣣ȻͣȻһ㶼ûв⼸һΪոմӼﱻųԼ˾ɣһǮˡ
û뵽ֵܼ˺üȴȻûгһˣС·ߣԸûм˻ﾭֻΪ⳵˾Ǹ֣Բ֪ŻᰴߵΪ˳
Ѿ³ӣҪ֪⳵ǸԼҵĲƲԸͲܹȥģ⳵κε⣬ʱ⳵˾ǰԼȥҲ⳥ˡ
뵽һ㣬ǰǸ⳵˾С磬ʱŵöҪϾǰ˾ȥҲͲ20ӣոճģȻŻˣҿгֻЦ£ЩһﵽʲôС
˵˸ϽҹȻĻҾֱӰ⳵Ĳ顭
ֻΪ׵һӣһȻ㳯⳵˾ĺ⳵ƻʱԼҲûȥˣֻ⳵˾ˡ
⳵˾ŵûȷʵ⳵˾ǰȻ䲻Ŀ⼸ˡ
տʼ⳵˾ʱ⼸һﵹҲûʲôϾֻǸСµСӣǵȵһֵʱ򣬶ʱͱ˫Ϭ嵽ˣһԷͬһ㣬û뵽ȻԻѾᵽϻˡ
ôҪõĶһԼˣֻǸͨˣҪȻĻôܻ⳵϶ῪǮĳ⼸Ҳû٣ָ⳵˾ٴ˵
˵һϿֵǮĶȫóҪ֪үǵôãȻֻһ⳵ҲˣҲǵĶͳȻһȥȻҾͻߣ
ֻǸߵ˳˾ߣȻ˵ǳβ֪Щһ·
ֻҪֵǮĶóȻͻᱻ⼸һֱӸ·ߣȻһӸϾѾЩһôܻЩһԼȥأ


683 ؾ
ǸͲܵģЩһСԼǵ⳵˾ĻľЩ˵ĹֻϧԼһе֣Լ۶Ǿ
뵽֮ȴǹװŴԼڴͳǮӣְַ˳װźΪѵ˵˵λǲ˼ʵҸտʼʱ˼򣬵ڶûˣһӶҲûˣ˵ôźأ
ô˵֮Щ˶ʱסˣû뵽Ȼ㣬ΪﾭôܻǮˣ˳Ļ֮󣬴ҶΪ棬Ǹ⳵˾˿û뵽ԼȻһ
ղžȻûпЩһҲǰͲõóϿҸᣬȻЩǮȫȡٰǮ͵ԼֻĻԼſ԰ǸǮȫŵԼĶ
ȻˣЩһֻΪǮҲղǸӣĸЩһǮĻʱԼҲûˣ⼸ֻˣúõϷŪһ⼸һﲻǸ˼
ֱӰ⼸һһ٣ǲ⼸һﱧϣȻٰ⼸˵ϣݺݵĸɱӵĻǿɾ͸˼ˣ뵽֮ҲͲض˵Цߵ⼸˵ǰȻŪӣԼͳһֽƬֽƬϳղֽƬдһЩ£ΪЩһﲢ֪֧ƱʲôӣΪһоȻ֧Ʊҳղд1000
ǰ⼸һŻˣҪ֪ôǮǵûʲôʱѽ⼸һͲֻ֪ƭԼʱ⼸һֽʱȳǸӣǰ˻ˣû뵽ȻôҲͺˣԼҲҪ⼸ˡ
ൽˣֻ⼸˷Ӧ֮ݺݵذ⼸ֱӸڵأǼһֽﻶ˰첻һģ׼һ֧Ʊôܹһ˾һӣû뵽֧Ʊһֽˣǰ⼸һˣǸֱӰֽ˺÷飬ȻӵԱ߽ŰԼеǸȻָųغ
ļһȻƭǣҲʲôˣǣǵĴ䣬ҺúõǿǸոմӼﱻųģǰǸɱ˵ģðϵֵǮóȻĻһͷǸ
Щ֮εҡҡͷû˼벻ԼֻһһȻˣԼҲ޷ȥΪǿ⼸һװԼʲôûֻǼ͸ķ˴ӼﱻųţӣΪ˼֮ûܹϽˣ治ô򵥣˳㽫Լͷơ
ȻװźúµӣŵģǺǷԱߵǸ⳵˾ȴıŵЩȶЩ鴤óЩˣԽԽ˼ҲʡԼݵϷ棬ԱߵСﷴĺˡ
ǿ⳵˾ˣǰ4ˣǿǸ˵ЦǳôܻЩ˻أ˱ֱһվȻָЩһԼĴ۾
˵ЩһȻˣɵǱأѵû˵Щ͸ĳˣҪڷȥĻǵʱɾ۷ǿǳģҪǼ٣Ҷﲻˣ׾ӣǲ֪˵ʲôãΪɵǵǮƶߣȻǸɱ˾˲ְ֪ѳ⳵ߣﻹûƵأ鲻˵㣬ʲôѽܲܶӣҪκ˶ɸһǴɵӣ
Щ֮Щ˶ʱȫסˣû뵽Լ뷨ȫˣ֪һеЩ־ˣϾɽһǿˣһȻ֪Լ͸ķһ۷ʵһֻǳ˵Ż⼸˰ˣҪ֪ûʱȥԸ⼸ˣûʱ⼸͵ȥ
ѵԼȥԼǴҪ㱨ģҲͲ߶ʮһȻ⳵˾׼ȥϾʵûʱ⼸Ҹ㣬ߵʱ׼ǼֱӸӵһԡ
û뵽ʱͻȻһֱӴ˹ҿļʱȻĻѾֱӸˣǰѳˣ˵Լĺ׼⼸һߣ⼸һﷴûعͷȻһҧԼǿɾ͹ֲԼˣȻȲʣǾͲҪҲ壡
ֻ⳵˾߽⳵֮ԼһӳһֱӰһϵĴӸߵԱߣȻӵӱǼȭͷǸȻúܺʵҲû뵽Ȼ֮죬ʱԼۻңԱߵǼֵҲһʱ֮ɵˡ
Ȼ˳ְæ⼸һʱ򣬶ʱһӵϣǳʲôˣʱһǧɨֱӰ3˸ӵһȥˣ⼸˾رĲ죬ȥģʮ秵ģ뵽ȻôĹףҪ֪⼸Ҳǻڵģû뵽ȻɽļһǸֵܵĲվȻݺݵĿų
ֻǸҡҡͷȻ˵˵Щֺαأ׻˵ú·㲻ߣ㴳ȴֻܹҲˡ
⼸һܵĴ̼ѵô˻򲻹һ˱Լе˹ȥȴֱһǧֱߵųְǸõԼУһһİ⼸˵ȫˣҪ⼸˵Ǻк֮£Щ˵ȵĻЩһԺͲΪˡ
ǼһŵøϽģǳȴûֱӽӹȥȻ⳵˾뿪ˡ
Ҫ֪⳵˾رĸмҪֵĻ½Լ˼⳵ҪЩļһŪˣҿ½춼޷Żؼˡ
磬ĸл㣬ĻǻˣһöҪΪҵĻҶѾˣﻹ￪⳵
Щ˵ĳЩ֪ôشˣӻǿɰҪԼܲһ·ѵģϾôԶһҲףҪԼһ￪Ҳ飬˵ʵڵģеԭ򣬻Լռಿ֡
˱㼱æ˰֣˵Сֵ̫ɰˣ鱾ҵĴҷҴطԸûйϵҲͲطˣǮǿ϶ҪģȻĻھ³
ûа취Ǹ⳵˾ֻõͷ
ڵɽ·ʱʯֱӱɽˡ
ɽԼߣ˺ܶޣһ·ɱȥһصˣóס졣
һԴһĵط
һԴһȮţЩ˶ǴŹװ·иŮ֯һѺãÿһ춼ǺȾƣ˼ӣЩóǳȴ֪Լʹкܶڵȴȥ
Ҫˣ˸߳Ҫôɱ¾̫ˣΪ⣬ΪԼҲûʲô󣬽һһ߳ȥ˸߳죬Ҫȥ˻ص˾ǡ


684 ٻӱ
صһ̣оطʮֵİԼ֪Լʲôˡ
Ҫ֪ߵʱȥģǻʱȴǸоԼѾǡ
Ҳ֪ǱߵľѾʱȶôһǱ߿ţҪ˸ɵĻȥҲûʲôá
ͻȻ뵽ԼǷûһ˳أ
Ҫ֪Ѿ뿪кܳʱˣڶѾǱ߸омֵİҲ֪ڱôˣ
ֱӸ𺣸ȥһ绰绰ܿͱͨ
ϴ󣿡𺣸ǾϲľҪ֪Ѿܳʱûи绰ˡ
Ҫ֪ţ𺣸ΪѾɵˡ
ţôˣżƣ˵Щ˼ˣҲ֪Լ˼ûʲôá
ڳлԣ͵ִˣʲôʱ𺣸˵⻰ûٵģϣ
ȴҡҡͷЦҿɣҪǿԵĻھͻȥҪȥһҾ壬Ҫʲôš
ڳҲ֪ԼʹҪȥǶҪһЩ壬Ҳ֮ǰǸˣΪϱ̫Ķ
ֹҪΪ֮ǰЩֵܽñ𣬸ҪΪ׹Щ˱
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㲻֪Ķȴʲô˵ٻӱûпܡ


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棬ڿӾ磬֮ǰģѾоЩģֻܹˡ
ŶԷ˵һˡ

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ڳŮ˾ȻˣǳҲҪλá
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ҪǲѸٸһЩĻǳԼţԼߵһˡ
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ˣ𺣸ķӦһӾͱˡ
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ĺ𺣸󣬿뵽ۣٳ벻ģȴôûа취£Ҫ֪ûи㶨ĻǺ׾ͻֱ⡣
ɲǳҪġ
Ů˶Ķ󣬼ʹôİ㣬һݵĶôûа취ıģҪ֪һ߳ʲôĻǺܶŮ˶ġ
𺣸˵Ҫ㲻ҵĻԿġ
⻰ȴǲȥˣ˭ףʱЩһˣǾȥġ
ֻڳҲ֪Լô˵ˣҪ֪ҲʮֵĸӣϾЩº˵ġ
ֻҪúõİһˣ鶼𣿡˵ڸоԼûģҪĻǻûôķյ顣
ǵģѾûʸˣһʼǾûа취ֻҲѾ뵽˺ܶҲ˵ǱߵǱߣô죿Ҫ㲻һĻ͸һ㡣£Ҳ˵ҲǴڵģҲǻ޸˼ңҪĻǵʱô죿
𺣸һΪ̵ˣֱûиأȴҲǸоеѣǹǺ


688 
ֻǳȴǿŶԷ˵ʱһôҪ֪ѾˣҪôŮ˹Ļûа취ס
Ǻǣûа취ܣأһָɳ֪֮ǰһЩ飬֮ǰҲΪ㲻ǿӶŲŻûеˣҪ㹻ǿĻ˵Щʲô
𺣸˵ǲ³һ벻ʲôģǱĻҪǿ֪٣ĥ飬ǾǳһдЩɢˡ
Ļ˵֪ˣֻҪɳҪҵŮҡ
Ҳ֪ԼЩôʵĵطǻǿŸ𺣸ˡ
Ļ𺣸ȴЦ˵֪һ˵ˣΪʵģϴңߵĸԶģڳѾǵĵ̣Ҳʲôֻϣһ飬ǾǺúñԼ
𺣸⻰óоԾʲôúñԼ
ҲûʲôԾɣ
Ÿ𺣸ѯʵʲôֱ˵ɡ
һĻҲʲôģǾҪͼŮԲˣ鲻ҪʲôģҪ֪Ѿĳ̶ȣҪǲһϣĻôģЩŮôһ롣
𺣸Ѿһжˣǲòϵǣ𺣸ܶʱǶԣ߷Ǵġ
£̲ס̾Ϣһ˵ãˡһѡһʱġ
ˡ𺣸Ǹ˵˵׼ѡ˭أҲЩġ
ȥүģ鶼Ҫô࣬Ϊǻʵ۰Щ̲סˣĺ𺣸һȦ˵ʲô鰡
ôôһЩ߰£
𺣸飬û֪ǳȴѾûа취ˣĺҪɵ𺣸ġ
𺣸Ҳ֪һ㣬ų˵Ҫǻʵ۵ĻҲҪô࣬ϴ㲻ǻʵ۰ڵŮ˶ǿҪǰĻҲûʲôӦþΪǿĴڡ
𺣸˵̵Ļˣȴҧгݵ˵ãʱ˵ʲôʲôҲ˵ʲôϻֱӰŰɣҪô
ҪѪôûа취𺣸֮ǰļһһһʲôʱôаİ
ϴʲô
Ҳ֪Ҿ͸оϴЩԾ
ʱҾѾоôˡ
棬ȴҲĥ飬ǶѾоĲֻҲ֪⵽ʲô
һ֪ҲôʱҪпܵĻǹƳҲֱ˵
ⲻѾʮԵյܴĴֻ̼ǻҪСһ㣬ЩһҪˣʱҪֱ˵ĻҲ鷳ĺܡͻȻ˵֪顣
ʱȴѾǵĲˣڲ뵽Ѿ˺ܳʱĸоϲҪǲĻԺֻʮֵ鷳
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˵Ҿ֪㲻ʲôˣǲҪңԼȽϺʰ
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ڳ˶ǸӣǶѾоһЩ飬Ǿǵʱ߳ĻǸô찡
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Ȼڳ˶һ뷨Ǿǳ͸𺣸һìܵĻǸô찡
ڳ˶ųʵȴǸ𺣸ѾŶס
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¼໢ˣǶ֪𺣸󣬵ȴûж֪ΣյģҲ֮óҪߵ
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𺣸ЦЦ˵Ҳ֪ǵĲģҲһֱ룬ҪǿԵĻֱȡλãҲҪҿ϶԰쵽ȴûа죬Ϊ֪һȱۣʱ뿪ʱȻֱӸңҪزˣǾҼ̳λãʱʲôǿ֪ܲ


689 
ڵģҾûмôԲеļһȻԼλø˸֣ⲻ˼ҲɵҪĻʱʲôİֱزˡ
𺣸ֱӵĻڳ˶ɵˣǶ֪ôһȴûа취ףʲô顣
̾Ϣһ󿪿˵һֱһϸϴ˶ף֮һֱǣҲΪֻ֪ܹǣǶҵֵܣҪǣҶεĻһʲô
ڳ˶ĬˣǶûа취⣬Ȼǵĵز
ƽǺŸųɿԸ޵Ρ
ˣֵǶطֱ˵һĵ׻ɣʵϣһֱҪԼĶ飬ҺΪ֮ǰȥЩֵܱģȴҲ뵽һ飬Ǿʮ˽뷨ǿҲ֪ҵĵ˶ʮǿĴڣѾһںϲǿˣҲ֪ǶʲôˣҪǵĻֻܹߣûд飬ȴûа취ı䡣
һֱҪʮǿȴһδζֻѣΪôʣһһЩ顣ԼҲûô㹻ǿʵô飬Ϊ£ѡԼúõĹӡ
˵ȴԽĿɬΪЩ˵ĺǶôǿֻȴһӦûУԼ֪Լǲˡ
Ҫ֪Ҫ㹻ıµĻھͿԸɵЩһ
ֻȴû㹻ı£û㹻ĵ
飬ȴôûа취ı䡣
ҪǱ˸֪ûеЩ˶ԿܻŵӣȴѾʵΪһֱԼֵȥ
ƽȴһӾ͸о˳˼Ǹǽ뵽֮ǰսʱÿһζǳǰ棬ں棬ÿһζǳΪƴΪȫĵطǳǵĶ
ϴ㵱ֵ𣿡
ĵֵܣ
ÿһ㶼ðΣΪ飬ȴ˵ǵ鶼ʮֵĳĬ
ÿһ˶ų˵ǵ񶼲ס˸
ֻʱȴЩĶ
ҽֵܣҲŲǸȥðգҪ֪ǵҲʮֱģҲ˵ʲôҲ֪ҵ˼ҲһԼֵܵˣҲǸһЩս档

ƽȴͻȻЦЦȴһȭֱˡ
ʲô
ʲôˣ
ϴʲô𣿡
ȴһȺֱӳǶоϢֻһڵȴΪǶ֪ʱǱҪȴ
ȴһ˵ȥɣطʲô鶼ûС
ֻڳȴôԸߣΪʱҶʲôˡ
ƽȴǿų˵ϴʱ֪ʲôҲ˵ô࣬һֱңڱôһԵ˭˵Ҫ֪ÿһζһȥɱУÿһζԼȥɱˣĺ棬ʲôʱǵֵ˰ҪǵֵܣԼΪʲôܹأ
ƽ⻰ЩΧЩСȴǲ֪ô˵ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǺܱĴڣΪһֱǱǣʲôûа취˿ĻҲڳǣһûʲô£һ˭Ը⿴
ȴ˵Щ飬Ҳ׼ȷĸǣ֮ԲȥǾΪҵֵܣҪȻǲ
Ļֱӣ˫һԵ±˴˵ĽЩһ
ȴʮֵĸӣΪһֱһ飬ǾԼ߶ԶһֱһˣҲ֪Լһûа취飬ȴǲܹı䣬Ϊ˭ߡ
ڳļһ˵Ǻܺ棬Ƕһ˵Ǹʮֲ˵¡
ʵϣ뷨Ҳûа취⡣
˶ֱСȥЩСˣǶһѵСܣļһǵûʲôġ
йֵȥ
ʲôûС
һֱԼڿסһʲôûи
һ˵Ǽֱǲ顣
ֻǳҲʮֵĸӣΪף飬Ƕʮֵļ򵥡
𺣸Ҳվ˵ЩҶףֵֵܶ飬ֵܣôֵܹԼһ˿סɣԿסΪʲôأҪ棬Ҳֱӿסܶ˶˵Ҹ𺣸ֱıλˣ˵һ𣿡
ᡣ
϶ᡣ
ϴϴ󡣡
˶ֱӵغǳȴЩüΪ֪𺣸⻰ʲô˼أ
𺣸ȴǿ˵˵ģһᣬ֮ǰһֱ룬Ҫֱӵϴʲôأ˶Ѿ֪˰ɣǾطɣ˶ʶңһЩС֪ܶϴʲôˣ飬Ҳ֪ɣ
𺣸⻰ֱӡ
ڳ˶һشˡ
ʲôֵİŶڲٳֵģҪûĻҲжô鷳ˡ
˵⻰ȴø𺣸ҡҡͷ˵һʼҲģΪһֱ룬ÿһ飬ǶϴԼŸ飬ʲôˣȨʲôģҶѾĳ̶ȣ飬˵ж˿鰡
𺣸⻰ģڸ𺣸Ʊȳ໢ﻹãȴûʲô˵ġ
Ҳ֮ǰѾԤ㵽ˣȴǿŸ𺣸֪𺣸ʲôҪ˵ġ
ʵϣ֮ǰһֱ룬һ㱾¶ûУǻʲôأڶѾôĶһʲôģʮҪ𣿡
𺣸󵭵˵ΧȴһƬɧˡ
ʲô˼Ҫֱӵϴ𣿡
ҪҪĻҵʱȥһ˵°Ҫϴ󣬵ǺǸ𺣸ǰ;
˵үʲôȷʲôûУ׼˵顣
һȺ˶˵Ƕо໢ҪˣֻʱЩʲô
ȴǸоʱ˵ĸıˣҲ֪
ƽȴǿŸ𺣸ֿų֪ô˵ˡ
Ҫ֪໢ߵ죬𺣸ǹûҪûгĻǸ𺣸Ǹûзӵء
ҲǳҲΰΡ
ֻǣҪּ
û˿Щ飬һжڿŸ𺣸
Ϊ𺣸һлıơ
˶ѾΧˣǶ֪кܴ鷳
ȴǸоʱ鷳Ҫˡ
ۣΪ֪Լߵ鷳ж󣬲ôģȴһ㺦µĸоûУΪƽһУܸ𺣸ʲôѡĵȥָ֧𺣸


690 ȥ
ϴ˵ڸô˵ͻȻ𺣸ųЦʮֵɣһڿЦһ
ʵϣҪҪϴҶᷴԣҵĻҪûĻҲ֪໢ѾʲôûҵĻ໢ﻹ໢ЩҶ׵ĺܡ
ǿ϶˵Լ˵ΪģΧȴһƬ
Ҫ֪ҪǳʮǿƵĻΧ˿϶ʲô˼Ͼ˶ģǳ˵ĻڳһЩ˶Ѿ˱˼Ƕû뵽˵
Ҳ˵ģҶһֱΪ𺣸ϴϴڿȻ
ʱЩŸ𺣸ϴˣǸô죿
û뵽£ǿߵôһ
һȺ˶Ǹп˵Ҫ֪Щ˶Ǹ𺣸սġ
ʵϣطûгսˣҪеĻƽ
صĿŸ𺣸Ĳϣ𺣸Щĵ飬ʱЩѾûа취ı䡣
ҪĳЩ飬ҲһЩ˵İš
ҶڿŸ𺣸ΪһжǸ𺣸ҪǸ𺣸Ҫ̵ĻǹƶĽŲûа취ѾܳʱûڳˣЩ飬ǸǼ򵥵ĺܣһЩ֮⣬һﶼһֱͳ߱ʮֹĹϵ
𺣸˵˵һǵһκ˵ЩЩҪǺú÷һµģûжôĴ̼ȴǺڽܣһǵҺͳʱǵһΪҵűˣʱΪһ飬ҲΪЩ飬ſҵĲŻһлգȴңԶĺܡ
𺣸󻺻ĻЩ鲻һ꣬ȴѾúңԶһֻĻ֮УڳȴǸоʱеŨء
ڳ˶֪ļһǿ϶кȴǲ֪ʲô̶ȡ
𺣸Զ˵û뵽ҿԺߵ죬˵һǲŵģǵʱûҪͶһʲô£
𺣸⻰ǶԳ
ڳ˶Ѿо˷ϢˣҪ֪£Χ˶ô졣û˭˵ʲôΪǶʮֺʲô˼һڴʲôΪ
ȴЦЦ˵ûа취˿ô
𺣸Ц˵ϴȴԼı£һôһ仰໢û˸𺣸󣬵ȴǲܹû˳Ҳס
𺣸ĻΧ˷׷𾪣𺣸󲻸ƳŶԣ
ôںڸ·ȫԵĸо
ȴǴѾ²𺣸˼̲ס̾Ϣһ˵Ҫû㣬ЩֻǸӵΪѣҲҪ˵
֪໢˵𺣸ǲɻȱˣһҪǶкܴĴܣǶڳ˵ȴûʲô֣ϸף໢ߵһ𺣸кķ˶ٵѪ
¶һ˵Ȼ飬ǳȴֻ֪ȡ֪ˡ
𺣸̾Ϣһ˵ҲΪ˵Щ飬ֻҪڳһ仰ϴҵϴһӾҵϴһӣҾΨһ׼ʲôûУʲôûΪʲôû飬ȴûط֮ԿԴڣǶΪҪгҫЩǿźῴһɳ𣿡
ᣬҪ֪üǣΪǿǿ϶ǻвĸо
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Щļһһ㶼֪ϴٹ⣬Ҫ֪ϴһֱǰġ
˶˵ҲʼıԳߵ뷨
ȴǻȻĿ˵ˣЩ鲻Ҫ˵ҪһĲˣǸ𺣸ǵһ˳λ̳ˣû˭Ըıġ
⻰˵Ķʱ˶ɵˣҪ֪֮ǰ֪һкܴ˼ȴû뵽˵Ļ
ĿŵΪ𺣸⻹¸𺣸ɱ
ºǶ˻룬ϾЩô˵˵ȥҪ׳жΣˣǶףʲô
Ҫ֪೯Ļʵ۶ǲôԸ̫ӣԼúõʱǲһˣǺ׾ǻᱻ˸ֱıλˡ
¶ǣǸ𺣸ڶԳûʲô˼һڳ˵Щ֮УȴѾ߸𺣸ɵңֻҪɵңԺͻණ
Щ˶ԿóҲʮֲ׵Ҫո𺣸أ
ҪƸ𺣸󰡣
ûеһû˿֪ǵʲô
𺣸ǺƽĿų֪֮ҲΪ˱ڳʱ໢ﲻһӾҵǳȴûҪǳˣ໢ﻹʲôڵļֵ
ʿΪ֪²˵˵͸𺣸Ĺϵ𺣸󶼲ֱӸ鷳ı¡
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ҲϻôˣŸ𺣸˵ЩҶ׵ˣҪ˵ģҲѾ˵ˣǼסǣУҶ׼ãǵĵ˺ܿͻ֣ҪΪѾ̫ƽˣֻϣҵĵ˳ֵʱǿ¸ҵĺһӦսӦսʱǲܹһи𣿡
ףǶ֪ǸôˣͷİɣʲôǶΪѪսס
ϴģĵ˾ǵĵˣǿ϶ȫԸġ
ǻŬĽŲԺͻῴǵŬǶСܣȥһطǶȥġ
һų˵ǶʮֵļǶ֪ԼڿԺͳһսˡ
Ҳ˵ֻһ仰ãҶ׼һ£Ȼؼңʱһ׼ʮ˳ʱҪô·ǶǸŸ𺣸󱨸棬ǰţϸļһſԸߣҪǳӢ׵ˡ
ǡ
ҶֱӴˡ
ֱ뿪ˣΪʱҪؼһΣҪ֪ڶѾˣҪǻؼҿĻǳսûô
ֻǳûгſڣȴѾһڵˡ
ֱӳͶ˳Ļ֮С
ô˰
ȴôû뵽褾ȻóЩ㵣ϢݵģѸٰ
һֱڹעߣߣߡ褿ų˵
ЩɣȴǻǸˡ
ֱӴųһұ棬Լı
ǣʵоʲôȴǲôȷ
ʱѾûа취ˣˡ褺Ƿ˵ѾȲˡ
ڳɵģ뵽֮ǰ𺣸˵Щֱӱ褾ϴˡ
ʱҶûʲôѡˣҪ㲻ѡĻֱӻ˼ҵĵˡ
ôңǳȴǼ򵥵ĺܡ
ʵϣԼ֪Ժ·ʲôġ
褷֪֮ԼԺ·ѾˣϾ˲ܴ˿ӾͲ˵İ
Ҫ飬˵ˣǳԼԭԼˣʲôʱ鰡


691 뿪
ֻǳһҲû׵ģͲԼôˣҪֱ˵Ļֻܹ˵ԼҪˡ
ѹʱǶѾʱˡ
ڳĻ档
һôôɵҲ룬ʲôԸ㰡ε˵ǲ˵ģȴǲܹƭ˭
ȴƳ˳һ˵ʱ˵ôһʲô˼ʲô˵ˣһҪҪĻǺǼ򵥵飬ǾֱӸ㶨еˡ
⻰ʱ͸омˣʲôڹԼ
ǿ˵ѾҪˡ
֪̾Ϣһ˵ǸŮѾҴкˡ
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ʱԼЩŮˣôЩ뷨أÿһ˶ô¸ң֪ҪҲĻһ϶ˣҲ׵ˡ
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Ҫ֪طһ㶼飬һĻǾͲǮƿԴ˵ģ˶ʲôȴûа취ıˡ
Ҫûа취ı飬Ǻж鷳
ŶԷ˵ģֱӱɣҵϰ磬ǰæ֪ͨһ°ɣ⼸˶аϵˣңʲôģ˿ţطмأҿ˵һ˰ɣ
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Ҫ֪ʱǶֻǸ㶨һЩͨ飬飬ȴֻܹѣҪԼб¸㶨ЩĻһλöԸıˡ
ԣҪЩһﲻ֪ʲôĻǷļһ鷳ҪĻǾ鷳ˡ
鲻ܰɣҪ֪һֱĻǴҶǺ鷳ġ
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˶ų˵ǵȴǴżֵĹ졣
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695 
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ΪоźҪ֪ôĵط㲻ȥطⲻǷɵ𣿡
ҲΪоһЩԼȥģ˵ģ԰ġ
˶ų˵ĳ˶ûа취ˣҪ֪ڶѾҪˣһ϶ҪɵһЩˣֱӸһЩ飬ҪȻôɣ
ֻȴǲ֪ĲģֻҪطһЩۼѣҪ֪طʲôöȻķӦİ
ˣɣ˸͵ȥǶһ㣬ҪȻԺǵĺùӳԵˡһ˵ģȻǾˡ
ҲûʲôΪǶ֪鵽ʲôֻҪһûмĻһж˵ҪǳԼĻҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻʱȴǿ˵ʱ£һֱĺ𣿡
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ĻֱŻǣҪ֪һҪܴ飬ʱȴǸʲô
ϴǿߣǶǸİ
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ϴǴˡ
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ڶһЩͨ飬Ϊܽġ
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ÿһ˶ƴͷˣгطҪҪ
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˸ĿЩһԼ£ǿ϶鷳
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ɲΪǻǣѾǲʲôŵ£ҪȻôȴǿһӾͳ˭ţ
˵ҪһݹҲףҸҪٳΪˣһֱΪǮ˵ѧϰǲǿԵģôطΨԼԴЩģҡ


696 
涼мɬڴ˵ȴǲ£طûԲеļһΪԲе˿ط죿
Ŷҿ԰㣬ҪʲôҲǲ˵жЩˣ£ֻҪһЩ鷳
Ǹл˵лˣҾ֪ǺˣһֱڴҪ֪طΪͷô찡
绹ЦģڳĻ֮УʱɵˣҪ֪Ҫ֪ĻǻҪųط˵
ֻȴû˵Լ֪ʲôģ̫ˣѡһȽֶ˵ҵ֪Ҫͱ£Ȼɱɱıº׬Ǯı£ȴûа
⻰˵ĺǳȴҡҡͷ˵ҿѧϰûģҲ֪Ҫ͵صĻںһ𣬲֪ǲѯʵʮ飬ȴЩͷ۵˵ôһĻȴЩ鷳
Ŷǲ֪ʲô鷳һʲô֪ˣɵѯʵ
Ŀ˳һۣų˵ʲô鷳ЩѾǳΪɱ˷ļһһȴͻȻӢֱۣӱͽȥͽȥСˣ㻹ûа취ԩô򵥵飬鷳˰ɣ
ʱ·Ȼģ˵ȻһǼȥˢӰɡ
ҿȴǱŵˣų˵㵽ʲô˼㵹ǸҪȻĻ˯˯ˣҲףڵλѾжôУ˶ˡ
ǺǣʲôֵİֻҪѧϰһѣ⻰ʲô𣿡ε˵
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ֻֿ˵ֵܣҲ֪ʲôҿԿ϶ĸ㣬ǴҶкܴ鷳㻹кֱ뿪طǲҪطˣĴ񡣡
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˵ģȻóϴ룬ЦҪǱ˸֪˵ĻҪʱ䣬Լ֪ʲôˡ
кܶ鶼ֻܹǿűҪǲĶǺ׾ͻġ
ʱһҶʲôˡ
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Щ鶼ѾˣǾͱҪҪȻĻԺ˭Ϊ˵ģɲҪġ
Ļ˵ͷ˵ãˡ
˾ͺãҸȥҵһʱסŰɣǸطҲûʲôסֻһ仰Ҫ㣬ЩҪԼúÿǰҪЩڰ飬ҲҪôâ鰡
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Ǹֱַȥˣǵȥ֮ΧһƬĵġ
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ӦʱѾÿĶˡ
Դ˻رֻһҽС
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697 
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ڿɲ飬ŶԷ˵˭ôסĵطģ
ʲôǸŮ˴һ˵طҼҰ
һ㶣濴˿ԼԿף󿪿˵ôǵ߿˱ŵģȴ·ɡ
ֱתȥˣЩǲÿģҲһӾɱ鷳ˡ
˵Ǹ˿ų˵֪ʲô𣿡
Ҳ֪
˵ֿǸ˵ⲻ𣿡
⣬㵹˵ĳֱӸһ飬ڸʲôǸŮֱӷŭغ
ⲻת𣿡ǲףԼʲô˰
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ҴˣҪʲôĲģҶԽܣҪҪĶ̫ĺҲûа취ˣҲûа취ˣҶͨˣʧһЩҲһЩʧ˰Ҳֻطסһڵġ
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ȴЩңΪͻȻ뵽һ£ǾԼǷᱻ˸ˣ
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698 ȴ
˵лˡȴû뵽ԼпܼطģҪ֪ӦǱߵһһطҲʮ˵飬飬ôûа취뵽ġ
ʰֱˣطһӶû˼ŵˡ
ҪĵطʲôĻǾʣطһЩ߰˼ˡ
ֻ£ȴǲöԷˣŶԷ˵ȥɣҲʲô
һȥҪˣҪһûа취ġú˵ʲô˵ˡ
֮󣬳뿪ˡ
˾ġ
ǳȴֱӸųȥˣΪ֪׾ͳʲôġ
ֻǣʱҲöԷ֪ҪȻҪʲô
ȴûô˼ȥ͵ˣڳ뷨˶׵ĺܡ
ˣ֮ǿųֱˡ
˾ֱӸҸǰĳҲֱסһ˵ҲˣҪȻĻǷĵطǻЩ鷳
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ҵѣҲ£ĿĵأҾֱˡֱӿ˵ѣҲô鷳Ҳǳȴû뵽Ǹ˾ȴǿų˵˵ĻȴǲֱӴȥˣҲ֪طôңǺ׾ͳġ
Ǹ˾ĻóЩε˵ûʲôϵɣǲؿҪĻֱͶߵˣҲ֪Щ鷳
ߡǸ˾ȴǲôˣջֱӿųͳˡ
ֻʱȴǸоЩӣΪͲ֪ʲô
ֻ˫ûпظʲôġ
֮˾ֱӵһưǰ档
طˣ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡˾ǲ˵˵ˣ㻹ǮûиҰˣҪȻҿǺû꣬Ҳļһ飬Ƕôķˡ
˾ĻóЩε˵ҵ֪ҸǮ㰡Ҹոյòá
ҲǺԸҪǻƽֻ¸·Ļǿ϶Ҫ㶨˾ˡ
˫ʲôû˵ֻʱ򣬳ȴǸоһֹĸоΪ֪ԼߵǱȽ鷳ˡ
ֱӽȥˣҲ֪ڸʲô
Сӣ˵㣬ЩһȥҪȻֻ©Ҳ֪Ժôˡ
Ǹ˾ǺĿų˵Ļ˵֮ȴֱӿˣҲ֪Ҫʲô
ǿ뿪ıӰ񶼴żֹ°
ʱ򣬳ʲô
˫ڵȴ֮С
ֱӽưˣʮֵĲãҪк˼
ֱں棬һƯŮ߹ų˵Ҫʲô
ǹô𣿡ŶԷ˵
ʵʱҪʲôأ
ǸԱų˵֪ʲô˲ò࣬ҪôһĻֱַԼַǱߣʲôô
ŶԷ˵ҪһЩƣɣֱˢɡ
ɲҪٶʱֱˢˡ
ǸŮȴЩ˵ҪʲôҪ֪ʲô˵׵Ļûа취㶨ģԼҲס
һǿųߣǶоߺʲô
ҲһЩһҪװƣȴû㹻ǮǾͳЦֻǲ֪ļһǲأ
ҲûпֻǿǸŮһ׳ʲô
࿴ӵ˶ˣǶ֪ʲôǵˡ
ȴǿһǱߣֻҪǸһͿˡ
ص飬Ҳȥ롣
ŶԷ˵ʱֻҪǣҪ飬Ҳ׵ˣҵģ۸ֱˢˣС椣֪Ҫ֪ʶһ仰ǲģʲôʣҪʲô
⻰˵ʱǸŮЩˣ֮ҲΪЩģΪֻǱ߹ġ
ʵϣһЩرǾط˶ǿطˣǶ֪ǱҲˡ
ȻҲҪǲֳǮ˵Ӱӣ˶ʲôʵ
ȴ̲סĵ̾Ϣһ˵Щһǲ֪ʲôӰ
ҪҪ飬Ҳط
ǸԱֱˣҲ֪һҪûа취㶨ЩĻǿ϶鷳ġ
ҵľֱӵ˳ǰǺˢǲ֪Լ߻жǮʲôġ
һЩʲôû
ǱȴںȾˣΪʮֵĲҪ֪ôƯһŮȴǱˣʲô
ֻ棬ȴʲôûа취
ԴˣȴЩͷˣһǲ֪ʲô
ֱӸԼȥ˵绰һ飬Ըû˹ʱøоʮֵĹ¶ı飬Ǹôźð
֮Ѿ˼ƿˣٶʮֵĿ죬Ҫֱһ鶼ʮּ򵥵ˡ
Դ˳ȴûʲôӦΪ֪ûʲôϵ
ֻҪǸСݲˣڱ飬Ǻʲôϵ
뷨Ǽ򵥣ȴǺʵ˶룬һڵúƶѡ
ǿԶʮֵĸӣΪһֱһ£ǾԼʲôûУ
Ǻǣû뵽жôĴӰҸ˵ǸŮ˿϶ʲô˼飬ҪȻĻҲȾƣֻǲ֪Ƿ˭˰ҵڴĺܰȴûпܵˡ
ЩεˣҪô򵥵ĻҲöðȴһֱûô򵥣ͷʹĺܡ
ĻһЩ߰ˡ
һȺ˶ãֻȴʲôûио
ȴ̲סĵڵģЩŮӽˮ˰Ҫ֪飬ʮֵļ򵥣ȴôһģֻȴǸʲô˰
һΪû˿
ҲѾоˣҲ˱ģֻǸղûгֹȴΪΧĻԲųֵġ
ǣһ֪ôµˡ
Щһڼ֮ȴѾıˡ
ΪѾˣҪʱ򻹲ֵĻԼԲԼˡ
ʵϣ棬˶Ѿ׼һУֻҪһЩʱˡ
ҪĿԸ㶨ĻǴҶʲôˡ
һӾ͹ʮˣѾûʲôĸоˣ˶ڴ
ǺǣŮˬҵˣҪַˣȴǲ֪ôźãĻҲЩرˡ
ðɣûʲô˵ˣҲɣʲôڵˡ
ҶһŰɣ£ǿ϶ʲôôˡ
˶Ѿŵһȥˣȴûֻһͷһ籩ʲôġ
ֱóԼֻӰ
ŮǸطôҪһ
ΧȴҲôһӦһá
Ůģʮֵˣ鲻˵ô࣬и飬Ҫúÿŵġ


699 Ӣ۾
ȴǿԶҲʮָӣΪ֪Ѿʼˣֻǲ֪ʲôġ
֮ȴǸоԼڸı䣬Ϊ˶ȥȴǻû˸Ҷ֡
ڵģǶ
һûеӵļһ
ź鶼û˳ȥ
ЩԴļһǸһѾȥˣȴûгȥ
Ҫ֪ʱ͸ֱӳֵİ
˶ģȴû뵽һڿţ̫ˡ
ȴЩȥˣΧ˵ôǸŮ
ڵģʲô˰ʲôϵ
˵Ҫһѵˣ鿴Ҳ룬ôġ
һųߺǳȴʲôûзӦ֪һжѾʼıˡ
Ȼʱ˶ǸŮˣǸŮ˵ʲô֪
һ̽ԵĿǿΧ˵˿ҵͬѧʲôģЩǻǱˣҵˡ
ڵģ㵹ˣΪǶ˰
һ˵ҵأԼ𣿡
û뵽ôļ򵥰ҪĻǷ˼ǶԿ
ͷˣһȺ˶ûʲộô찡
˶˵ȴǿ˵һȺ˶û̵飬ǰѣ
ֻǳĻҲֻĵ˵һ䣬ȴʲôû˵ˣΪʱ鶼ѾЩ鷳ˣ£ǲҪ߳ô顣
ֱӶˡ
ôһŮûпѹסӵʱ˭׷֡
һƷŮ˰
Ҫ֪һŮˣǺҲʮֵļ򵥵ˣȴûˡ
һоЩĪˣһһﶼûӵ
ôһŮֵ
ҪǲֵõĻǻʲô˵İ
ֻ£ǻʲôĥ
ҲһֱŬĿԼ£Ϊһֱ뵽Լߵʲô
Ҫ֪ѾЩһ͵ˣȴûгʲôģΪЩ˳طġ
Ҫ֪˿ŮҪ֪飬ǻжٸȥ
ȴǲΪһԵزļһǻôҪǳҲô˵ˡ
Ϊһô˶ĵطʲôط
ȴǿֵˡ
ڵģҪΪ飬Ҳ鷳ȥɡ
˵ɵһ
û뵽Щһӻôһ
һţǳȴֱӳˣ˵ôŪЩһǶǼ򵥵飬ǸоԼôúõĶԸǲǡ
ֻһûʲôˡ
Ҷ۰
ʱ򣬳ȴǸӵĺܣϾһЩر鷳ˡ
һٶĪսڶ֪ʲô顣
Ǻǣû뵽һˣȴһӾս
ȥϳҲ˵ҪЩ֪֪˵ĻûǶкܴ鷳ġ
黹Ҫ˵Ҫ֪Щ֪ˣֱӳˣҪǲ֪ˣȴʲô֪Ҳǲֱӳ֣ǻʲôòĵİ
ҲôһȴҲôһµİɣ˵Ļڸô찡
˭֪ǲκϽȥˣΪκϽȥûа취ס
Χ˶˵ʮֵڵ飬ȴЩ̲ס̾Ϣһ£Ҷ˰
絽ʲôͷ
Ϊֱ֮һУ
Ҫ֪һõķĻǺ붼뵽
ֻǶһ飬ȴʮֵĵִļһ̫ҲûʲôϵΪʲôҪ
Ƕףֻǳ׵ʱЩôУЩֱ˾޴ĸı䡣
Ҳ֪˵ƽ̨飬ʲô
԰ٷ֮ٵ棬ȴǿգҲ֪٣ȴûȥΪЩ˿ţȴʲôż
ͻȻʮֵĹ죬˶û뵽ΪһӾһֱӱˡ
ڳ˵ȴʮֵˣѾһȺֱӳˣЩ˵ıʮֵоֵĺ⣬ЩһıĲ˵ģȥǻʲô
Ҳô϶Լ߿ԱǸþˣ飬ȴʲôˡ
֮оһЩ˿ûдǾһȺڿ֪ԼջǱ¶ˡ
ЩȴûжԳŶΪѾڳˡ
ʵϣ̿ܶ࣬ȴǼӵ飬һҪ֣û˿ԶԸֻȴóЩźˣҪ֪֮ҲΪһֱԼıµģ飬ȴǶһرĸо
ûʲô˵ģѾų˵ôطط˶𣿡
ȴЩκģļһǲ֪ôİ
Ҫ֪Ҫô˵ĻҲҪط˻ˣҪֱ֪ӱԼı£һɨȥˡ
Ҳû˵ķϻΪڵ£һô֪ģⲻֱӱˡ
Ͼ鲻ģΧ˿
һǸʲôİ
û뵽Ȼ˿ôţƺ尡ļһǱ߹ҪǻҲЩ鷳ˣҪ֪Ǹطˣһ㶼ôߵģһߵˣǶҪֱڵİ
Ҷ鷳ˡ
һ̾ϢһΪǶ֪ڵʮֵ鷳
ȴʲôû˵Ϊһ飬ǾǾ뿪ط
Ǻǡһ˿ųЦƺŲôߵĶɣ
ʲô˼˵ôҴĶҸ㣬ҪطҵĻҾ·ҿ㲻Ҫ鷳ˡ
ĻǸȴҡҡͷҪô˵ǰ˵ĻǺ飬ûа취ˡ
ֻǳȴĿԶ֪ڵʲôġ
ֻǵ֮߱ȴǸоһ־ĸоôû뵽Ȼô֮ǰҲֻΪͨļһ
֪Ĵȴûа취ܣ˶ڿһзŵ֮һ֪ô˵ˡ
û˿óͣΪѾ˶ҪΧȴûһǳĵ֣ǶѾҿˣΪǶ֪ıʮֲֿ˵Ҫ֪ҪҿԵĸǡ
Ļһʲô̲סĵ׿־
ǱˣԼȥ뻹ֱӻȥɣʱҪǻߵĻǵЩ⡣
ֻʱȴ̲סĵ뵽С椻᲻ֱӸԼһƣ


700 
Ҫ֪¶ΪģҪǼȥĻпܾͻĶ
һҲ֪Լ˯˶ʱ䣬Ǹоʮֵ
ֻѹ֮ȴǸоʮֵĲԾˣΪ֪Լھưİôط
طķ䣬ʲô
ȴվһԿ˵ôˣ
˭һ𾪵ĶѾԼ֮ǰˡ
ȴЦ˵㶼ҿֱӱġ
ȴЩɵۣôû뵽Լᱻһ˱ŻֻоԼʲô飬ֻҲ֪ʲôˡ
ʱȴʲô鶼ѾˣҪ֪ǻӰһӵġ
ʲôû˵ˣΪ֪ҪʱԷһ£ҪȻ鷳ʹˡ
ֻ£Ҳ֪ô졣
õӶһֱ֮Уڶ֪Լô죬Ҫ֪Ҳôһӵ
һ˵ЩЩۣǶڳ˵Щȴʮֵ
˫ĥ֮С
Ҫ׵Ļǳûʲô⣬һ벻׵ĻǳֻҪд鷳
Ҫ֪֮ԸطҲΪһб£ǳ飬ô
˫ЩΪѾһЩ飬ȴʲôû˵
׼ʲôģڻʲôİ
һжǿŶԷ˵ʲôǾʲôˡ
ֻǵԷ˵ʱ鶼ڲ
֪ʲôʲô롣
ÿų˵֪Ǻʲô𣿡
ôͻȻʳ⣬ǳȴǿ˵ʲô˼
ʲôû˵ˣΪļһʲô֪
Ҳ绰ˣǾѯʳΪʲôûȥİ
Դ˳Ҳ֪Լô˵ˣôĶܹ˵ԼڿŮɣ
ҪĻ͹ˣճֻǸ磬ˡ
Ҳûʲôߴ֮࣬˵ҪôżǳȴƴȥҪ֪ɲŮһ
ǱȽϼ򵥣Ǻȴǳô򵥡
þȻҲųȥǱߣĳͷۡ
Ҫ֪翴һʱɫҪôѿжôѿ
ֻܹ˵ĺûʲôϵ
˵ȴûŰ
ԴˣҲЩƣ鷳ܴ
£鶼ûʲô˵ġ
ֱӳԶȥˣ˫Ǳһ
óطһطӭһȺ˿õĴǶһ˵Ҫǳõ֧֣ôһӾģǹĺܣбҲˡ
ҲЩֻǱ˴˶ûס
鶼ʮֵĸӣΪһֱ֪Լʲô
㶨Щ֮Ż
ͷЩʹˣǻ鷳
һ˶鷳⻹ʲôЩͻҲʮֵ鷳
Ƕ֪ô찡ǲ֪ǸôİһЩʣȴʲô˵ǱʾЩһȥˣûдҾôֱӣҪ֪֮ԸôĹǣǾΪЩһôʱңʲôðǲ뿴ˣһһﶼôĶ䡣
Ҳǲ֪ЩһڸʲôҪ֪ÿһοͻĲⶼֱӴһ˰ҶѾ˵ٴΣҪһ㻰ǶףҲûʲô˵ˣһȺһﶼûдһĴڡ
ЩۣҲôģطĿͻô࣬ЩĻǸ֪ôõİɣҪ飬㲻ΪĻֱӺ飬һΪô
ֱӿ˿ģʽ˭һ飬飬Ҳûʲô֪ЩһôˣһΪ
ǳҲⱩ¶ˣҶŵģҲûʲôµġ
һᶼҪȴҲ֪ҲûдҪֱ֪ҪѽûԵ飬ȴûԼҲȥЩ飬ͻõӡҶʲô
ֻȴû뵽Լôı£Ҫ֪һ˶Ըôҵļһȴʮֳġ
ûдطҪֲͬԣҪЩĻǺҲҪȥˣֻǶ飬ȴʲôû˵ˣΪЩԼġ
ȴǺ֮ǰΪһûʲôõķʱȴǷԼĵĶˣҪ֪Ȼһûеģ飬ͻȻ뵽ҪԼҪһﵱԼļѵĻҲһʲôµİɣ
Ҫ֪£ȴǸоԼЩ˸ˣʱȥɲ뿴Ҫ֪ѾҪӵˣҪǱʲôŮ˸ŵĻǳԼ찡
ȴǿ˵ǺͲҪôˣҪ֪ѾʾһˣҪǼĻֱӸ㶨ǣҪı¶ûеĻҲҪطˣǶҴһ㣬ҪʱҸˡ
һµĻһҿҲ֪бֱӸ㶨ǵˣھ綼Ѿ֪ı¡
Ѿڷˣûд֮ǰѾ²ǻǱߵĴȴǷԼѾˣ˼һô򵥵Ļɫ
Ҫ֪ı¿ǱĻҪ֪٣ΨЩĲŲŻô˲š
ֻǶ飬ȴʲôû˵ΪʱҶѾ׵飬ҪǼʲô飬Ҳ뱻ˡ
ѾطԼˣǾѸٵĸ㶨ЩСһֻҪЩһﱻ㶨ˣǺ飬ͲҪʲô
Ҫ֪뷨ȴҪˣǶĿͻֱӱСһҪôţƲı°
ֻڳȴǲô࣬ΪѾתƵĺܿ죬˶ˡ
ֻһʱ䣬ȴѾطЩľѾڵ˵ԼطǷ˸ﰡ
Ҫ֪һı£Ѿ˵ˡ
øֱžͱ˳ߣΪֻҪļһҪúñģٲܹ֮ǰˣҪǳļһû㹻ı£ļһ￴Ǹûʲôµˣ飬ǴҶ֪ʲôġ
ֻǳȴЩε˵ǶҪҷʲôˣѽżֻ֪һֱǺһĶҶôһȺˣҲûʲôرģֻϾЩģҲǿŷյģҶʲôҪǲĻҪбԼǾԼɡ
һ֮ڳ˶ˣҪ֪ϲѾ֪Լôˡ


701 
Ǽ˵飬ΪڵԼ飬õ黹ûйȥ
ÿų˵һб°Һģ֪ûʲô뷨
Ļ￴ǲ˵飬㻹ȥ˰ɣûı£ֻһһڷԵļһҶôæµԲҪô鷳뿪ҶǸô죬Ҳ֪ʱô졣
⻰˵ڳ˶ŮˣЩһȴǲ
Դˣȴҡҡͷ˵Щ棬ûа취˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ı£ʮ˵ЩͷˣҪǲطĻʲôûУ㶼Ѿط˵Ҫǲ㶨ĻҸô죿
о֮ǰ飬ΪҪʲô
ȴҪ޳ˣô¶ûôھҪ
û֮ࣿ
ȴҲ֪鲻Ҫô࣬Ϊȴûʲô˵
飬˵ʲôȥҲûʲôˣΪʱҶæԼˡ
ҪţʲôĻǵҶã
ȴҡҡͷ˵㲻ҪôˣֻҪ㣬һֱҪҵ˼ǾҵѣҪûа취ĻֱߣطҼҵģ
һֱǺ㽲ʱԸ˵ʲôĻҲûʲô˵ˣҶӡ
ȴҪ޳ˣⶼʲô£
ʱ򣬳ȴûʲô˵ˣڳ˶֪ڳȺŹû㹻ıµĻǴҶҪˡ
֮󣬳ȴǿ˵Ѿ֪Լˣ㻹ʲô˵
ҪûеĺֱӸ㶨ˡ
⻰ȴҡҡͷ˵ⶼʲô
ȴʲôˣǿų˵һô飬ʲô
֪Լô˵ˣҪ֪ʱ׾ͱ˸ϣҲ֪ԼλЩرˣļһ֪ʲô
ôⶼҪһߣ鲻ë
ȴǿų˵һԸҪ֪ҪǾҰְֵĻ㵽ʱʲôְ
ȴЩסˣŶԷʵҪ˵ʲôҪ֪һ˵ЩĻҿ϶Ҫְ˵ǵ飬˵ʲôͺ
ĻúǷŭģû뵽ļһͲһˣǲ֪ôʱģһӶǽ
û֪鵽ʲôģֳȴǿŶԷ˵ѾȥˣҲҪ˵ôˣҶúõĹӰɣ
ְǱ߰飬Ҳǹ飬ҶʲôˣҲҪ鷳ɣ
ĻЩŭ
Ҳûа취Ϊ֪˵ҪǲְҵҲһʲôĻǴҶ鷳ǡ
Դˣȴǿ˵Ҫʲô
Ҫ֪һֱڿģĺʲôû˵
Ҫʲô˵ĻҲǺܺõĴ顣
Ҷʲôˡ
ֱˣǷŭطһֱףҪʲô
Ҫ֪ʱһжѾˡ
Щ棬ȴԽĸˡ
Ҷôһ
ŶԼĵطʱѾǱϴˡ
ҸΪҪôȴþȻûйţǺһǲҪǲҪ˰
Щˡſڶ˵Ҷðɣʲô鶼Ҫ˵ԼףҲףҶɡ
⻰ȴ̲ס̾Ϣһ飬ʲô
ȥҲǿų˵ټҶ׵ˡ
ˣѾЩԺˣʲô׵İ
ôһЩ飬ҪЭˡ
ֻô
ˣԼֶΣҪȥĻǳױġ
Դ˳һֱоԼߵĸԶġ
ʱһֱԼ˼㰡㹻顣
ȥǰʲôȴ֪
ʵϣҪһϴģЩ飬ҲֻͺãΪҲһҲ֪ЩЩ鲻ģҪʲô˵ĻǺ϶кܴ鷳
飬ȴǲġ
ķӦûǺܷӦģЩգҪ֪ԼôһŮΪʲôͻзӦأ
оʮֵ
ֻ飬ȴЦ˵ûʲôҶôһ
̲ס̾ϢҪ֪鶼ĻǺ飬Ǹô찡
ˡ
ԼʲôʱԸ㶨أ
ԴˣȴǸ˵ԻңΪʲô㲻
Ϊûа취׵İҪ֪һֱʮֵĺð
ȴǲһսԼĻᣬΪ
Щε˵ѣҲ֪Ǻܺõ˰ȴҲһмҵˣҲ֪ˣûʲôĵģѾˣҪôŮ˻ĻҪİ
һ˵ȴ̲ס̾Ϣһ˵
İֲǲ֪Ŷʲôģ˲ͨˣװɣ
ÿų˵˵ҶףȴǲףΪʲôطأ
ô벻׵ġ
õĻ̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ֪飬ȴǲ鷳
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ֻǶһЩ˵ĻǸɵͿԡ


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703 ҹɱ
ʵҲûʲô˵ģҪʲô飬ЩҲĶ֣۷ʲô飬ʱвС
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ŽȥͿһˣźɫ·һԵɳϡ
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ֲߣЦŵͷһԼҵߣЦеĽľƱŵһԵϣ欵ʵôҵҵߣ
ƽŮˣ԰Լҵأ
ѵĸ࿴۲ûʲôõġ
ЦߵɳǰƽŶ֣һƵʵ֪СҹҪʲô
ų֣Ƶ˵磬Դӽʱ򣬿㣬Ҿ;еż񡣡
ֵĻֻȫļƤ񶼿ҪˣЦţûж˵ʲô
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Ҫ˵ûĻ˵˶ѾˣôܻҪǸشԵأ
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Ҫڻʲô˼Ļǰ׻ˣЦ˵СȻǷǳõġ
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Цеסֲֵ֣һĽ˵ʱҲС㲻һˡ
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ģ⣬ҽ͵ľһ֣Ѷ·⡣˵
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ҪǱҵĻֿܾǸǸ»ݣǳһļ⣬ôˡ
硣ַǵ˵ȻĻֱ뿪Ǳߣ߰ɣҪʲôĴûУҪңҲӦġ
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ЩڳΧ˰죬ûпˣ;һֿҡ
ĹҪľЩ˷ֿˡ
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ҪϵߵˣҲǳ飬ڶҲǿԵġ
еһ飬ǰ˵ֱһ˸һ
ˬĽֱӶ˵ϣ˲ݴС


704 µط
һϵĻƱƽ׼̫ĶҪΪһξÿܻµĻҲͲǹˡ
ӶԴȫԼϣ͵͵ĳһ߹ȥ
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Ľסذס
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峯ǰţǹͳһģһġ
Ĵ˿Χİ˸ߵӲƣŻͷ˵˵磬ߣû˵ģǾͲҪԼˡ
ô˵ǷˣЦеĶ˵ߣ̫ˣ嶼ˣûʲô쳣
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϶ӣҲ֪ʲôˣһ˶Ȳ˵ġ
϶ߵǰ棬㿴˿һԵľҵĻ˻ӣŻͷߣЦе˵ߣͱɵˣһģͲҪˡ
ſڵϲҶԶ˵ĶԻɫЩѿ
ҪſŵĻ˵Ǹߵһҹ
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ȴͻȻ绰óȥɱ·һҾƵ棬Ϊطı֮һֻһ˶Ӵĵط
߽Ƶ֮󣬶ʱסˣû뵽ԭƵȻ˵ķΪֻһͨ־Ƶ꣬ǳԷģȻ˯ҲͰˡ
һ֮󣬳ʱǰľˣҵأôôƯľƵأȻԼЩʶˣȷʵ̫Ưˣ·˴Լʮ㣬Ҫ֪һľƵôߣǰһƵˣǰ̨мŮվ
ƯˣҺ滹һλãԼλãҪ֪ԼǿǷ˾ţ֮Լǲƾͨ˵ĽŲ޷ġ
Լ浹ǾһЩʶˣô˵ԼҾƵľôԼҪ飬ǿɾǸӵĶˣѹֱ˶˵ǵ˹֮ϾͲһˣƽȥرͰ׵ˣʱҲǻһЩ۵ģǰˣϾԼƽرĺͰףѾزˣ
ҲǾԼһԱһҪ֪˵ֻһþȴҲȫͬ㻹˵ط֮ǿǶʱΧˡ
Ǹղǰ̨ǼŮԱѾ֪϶ǽ쵽ϰĴþ⼸Ůæ߹ȥŵΧסˣһʱ֮䷴ЩӦ
ǽ쵽ϰĴþɣãķԱ࣬ҵֽ¶ԺʲôҾͺˣһϰģֻλǰ̨ˣҪûʲôĻ͸ҵɣҸһЩרŵ飡
˵ЩŮΪ׵һǿһƯرĸԼ18ĸӣڳ˵ҲȷʵǺܸˣȻ˳֪ҪϰĻòǵһξģǷ̬ȣϾǷҵ
ղ¶˵ĻһھģԼȥǿǸҲʹ໥סˣϾԱ̬ȾһƵ˿ԿóƵһ˲ٵ˹Ȼ
Ǹӣû˵ˣ۾ֱĿЩǰ̨Ůǰ̨ŮЩ֮һʮִļǰ̨ӡ
ʱЩŮ֮䣬ŮȴʶһֽBabyһèС䣬СһͿȥӦǸոմѧҵģԶڳ˵ӡرBabyЩԵҲͦƯģҪܹǵס
èСȷʵóһϲװȵŮӣտʱ͹һʮǵӣóЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǽϰĴþɣú˧Ŷĺ˧˧أҪ֪棬ǵƵһԽԽأʶ̫ѽ
Щֱˣ֪˵ʲôãȥȴŮװһ
ԼǸֲܹ˵ŮôôŶȥɣοҲϲһֻԼĲ˰ˣ϶ԣԼǱȽϲ¶Baby
Լλ֮󣬶ʱǰ¶ͼæӰŵ˳ǰ
ȻְƵļ黹оҪ鶼ŵУóЩȣΪЩط˻ųȴû뵽Ȼô⵽ʲô
ʲôⶼһЩĸо


705 
û뵽þͦģΪλָֻŵҲкˡ
Ͼ֮ǰԼЩþˣǳˣϾǰƵһǼľƵꡣ
еЩʩǸͨƵǲһģҳսʱѾˡ
ıǶǸʮֵĻῴɫҲרžѵģʱԼ֮ǰԼסһҾƵ꣬ǿƵĲˣǵõԼһЩ䶼ˡ
ǰЩļһȻмֱܻȴûа취ϾԼûκε֤ܹ˵ϣҲֻܹЩһ˵˵ԼǸиװ׵Ķʧˡ
ȻҲ֪ԼӦӰװ׵ģʲô취أԼֲܹ˵ǸģֻܹƵĻȥˣ˵Ǳ˾ǶҲûһ
ҪǻǶȿһµĻƵﶪ˶ĻǾò10ӾܹһΪ˷ǸͷȻˣ˵ʵײˡ
Щ鶼ƵΪֻûܹ˵ŵȰˣҲֻܹô¾ɣԼжرܣȻ˶ڴ£Ů˵
ʱһֻ۱һֻۣʱ򣬿ܣЩ˾͸޷ܵģ⻹Ҫһ˵ƢôƢõȻǲһʶЩƢõġ
Ƶ壬鵱ȻҲҪһǰƵأ֮ҲʱЩأԼӹƵĻ
һȻҪúõķģοþɲֻǽôһط
ֻЩһЩĿͷԼͳһѰ׼ģʵѾ͸ˣЩƵҲõġ
ͨʽԼʽЩеĸ㷿䣬ȻҲҵõģԳԼĵطر⡣
ϾԼϲĶԼ֮ǰһֱܹһߵķĻһرõģοЩͷҲÿһͬı׼ڶ㵽ʮ˲㡣
֪Щһ㶼ͨĿͷԽԽָߵĿͷ˵ģǾǺײˣͳ׷һϵĻԼ͵Ҫǧ򣬳ΪķǲסĿǳȴȫˡ
ΪǮ˾ϲľƵ꣬ҳڵҾƵ꣬ǿڹľʢ
ЩᵽΪղųѾüֻϸĴһ£ȴЩ浹ͦȤġ
ͻȻкܶණ֮ǰԼЩߵܹЩʽ͵϶һЩģϾҪһЩԼڵ˵
һζڣЩ˱붼ʦ⣬һЩи߼͵֤ΪĲǱģЩ˻һЩ˲ϲԵĶǰͼʶ
Ȼ˵ʲôҶϲԵǵ֮󣬳ʲôֻһЩڶ˵ͨƬ磬Ϊ֮ǰһΡ
ǸڶֱӲĶЩвΪʱ̫ˣҳҲףôԼҪҾƵȫķչԼþλϣӦԼӦ顣
ʽĲ֮󣬳ְĿתͷͷһ㶼ǷΪ׼Ҳֻ󴲷ȻЩϵģЩ׷ɾͲһˣеֱСС
ϲĻܿһЩˣܵҵĴֻȷʵͦߵģƽ׼ͨľƵ꣬ҲֻҪ100Ǯǵ֮ȷʵҪüģǲò˵ҾƵĴȷʵͨľƵȫͬģҲΪʲôرϲҾƵԭ
ֻҾƵȷʵһЩ֮ǰԼûģϾһ㶼һЩʮǮˣҲǵǮͱʽĲ͹
رϲԵˣӸߵĵ͵ǶйģͱƽҶϲԵ棬˵ɳСԣЩͨͨĶ
ҾƵȻУоúǾȣ滹棬ô򵥵ĶҲǿԳԵõģȻˣֻҪǮʲôǿԵģұһSPA
һӾݣǮ˵£ֻҪǮʲôԣûǮĻֻ˵һ֣ǾǹЩ֮жʱҲˣԼΪþӦʲô
ȾÿҪĵеճ̹ȫ꣬ҪʲôҪʲô
ⶼҪһó̱ЩԱһһγ̵İţܹһɢɳľˣϾþɲЩҪܵŵĹԱЩԱֻҪǰԼְþС
ǴþȴȫˣΪþҪĲֻҪ˾ĶһҪƵЩԳסУԱƽԼķΧ
Ȼ˽ǹģԭЩԱƽʱϲЩȺӵģȴûа취ҿƵԼһ䣬Ҳǲˡ
ܱԱߵǸЩҪãΪÿסĸˣÿǶԼ̣ǳȴһ˾ռһ䣬ҲһĴˡ
һ㵹ͦϲģ˵˳Ǹ޵ˣֻʱҪһ㣬ԼҲҪĹΣ˻ţ׼ճ̸ųʱ
û뵽ǸèС䣬ȴͻȻ˹һӳڳǰѾͷտʱ;þԲǸʡ͵ĵƣƽʱϲװȣ϶ǸѾͷ
ͻȻðʲôɣһžģȻ˿ǰѾͷȴǽԼ͸סˣûж˵ʲôΪԼҪСѾͷʲô⡣
ԼǸոλõĴþѾͷ޷Ϊֺðͽᣬ˵ϣԺԼϰɣߵĲ˵ǾƵ꣬ҪĶ̣ϾԼҲϲЩˡ
ˣǰСѾͷǾԼȥˣȻˣЩ飬ɲܾȫԼȥֻСѾͷ߹ʱ򣬳֮ȴǴһʮֲӡ
ϾԼҪװɵŻñ˷ģʱҲͲˣ֮ǰѾ˵Ƶǿǲηϵ³ܾ
ŵЩͨľЩ࣬ЩͨԱǶһȼʮַ֣в쵼ȻмĴ㣬ЩͨԱȻҪֺðͽģǶܾ³ŵЩԼҪúõԣǳȴǶЩһ㶼ҶЩһֱر
ֻèС䣬һǣȻŵǰΪ͸Լģû뵽Ѿͷȷʵ˳ŵԼȥǿʮֵջ
ǳʲôľŮˣ˿ûֻǰԼͷϵļȻϸĶţͲǰèС䡣


706 а
ԭèС䣬ƽʱúϰ࣬һЩ·֮ǰλϵǸþΪЩŮԱҸ㣬ϵײģԲŻÿˣȻˣǰ᷸Ĵ
Գֱѡ񲻴ȻˣèСǲˣϾԼǰǿͦǸþϲþôˣΪʲôȥϲԼƵģҪ֪ÿ˶ϲǵģӵġ
ѾͷϵǹɻɵӣŴһЩ˵ҪûʲôĻ͸ϿȥɻɣȻĻžػ˵ˣ
⻰֮ǰèСУʱεԴԶ˹ȥ
ʱεҡҡͷЩһƽʱúøɻҪЩںҸ
ԼǾԾܾ鷢ģȻԼλϣҪЩԱ֪ȥû뵽èСˣǸBabyˣһ⴩ųȹ
ǿԵ泤ȻѾͷӡͦõģǳĲϣѾͷղŵǸèСһҲһˣȻԼϣѾͷһʮº͵ˡ
û뵽Լ뷨ȷʵȫˣֻBabyյǰȻԼʹ죬ȻҲһջӣӷóӿˡ
ŮˣȴȫϲֻǿһBabyȻæϵͲŮˣԼ˼ûж೤ǰBabyʱ;Щȡ
ҿҵ·мǲһСӣǸоġ
Ů˵ȻͰԼַŵ·м䣬žҪȥǰѳŻˣæŮ˵ֺݺݵ˦һߣǸBabyסˣô£
ԼǴûʧ߹֮ǰǸþΪӲŻᱻ˾ٱˣλϹȥԭBaby
֮ǰһöģ˵ҲһǸ˲ǱˣľҪ֪ŵľҲþϽģȻжд̡
֮ǰBaby⹴ǰһεĴþԲŻẦǸһﱻȥΪBabyõǸλãû뵽ȴˡ
мɱҧ𣬿ˣ˱ҪҲúõȥû뵽ȴǵǹ룬ͲŮˣղèСBaby
ǰȴǲôˣѵƵﶼ𣿸òǸ¶˰ɣ
Ǽʱһ˵ʱ䣬๤ӻȰͽҪõö࣡
˵ͷȥŮˣû뵽Լһ죬ħ֡
BabyȴЩϾΪԼõģʲôǶԸģ˱׼ֱ߽
ȴһӸƵ棬ȻЩԱǱЦBabyúʧܣ˵ʹԴȥʱȴèСУèС䳯һﳰЦ
û뵽ŮҲڵʱһΪֻԼʧˡ
˵Լָףָͣȥ
оͲˣķBabyӵˣֱӳȥ׼èСһȭû뵽ȴûдС
ձһȥBabyסˣèС䣬ƽʱȥôڿ죬õͦġ
Ů˹ԼèС䣬Ҳǲˣ˲佫ԼµBabyϡ
˾˴ҿ¶ˡ
ʲôϿſѵ뱻Ͽȥúõĸɸɻ˷ʱʲôһǵܾˣҪǱĻǺܵģɱ˵ûǣ
˻̱ӵģ¶֮ȴʲôƢûˣŵøϽͷȻ˾ͳŲͬķ뿪ˣʱ¶ſһ۳ų˹
ʵղ¶˵Ļȥˣ¶ǲģͻȻ¶߹ʱҲЩˣŮ˻᲻ղŮǸӵԼֺðͽᣬĻԼľûκεӡˣԼɲϣЩ˵Щĵ顣
ĬĬû뵽¶û˵ĻΪ¶ȴˣ¶Ϊѧ֮ԱҵԼҵƵĹ˺üλá
ȻǸϧƽʱҲĻᣬϾ¶úܺÿǰһεĴþ˵ֻҪ¶ԼõĻʱ¶Ϊʽܣ¶ûдӦڻֻһ࣬ǸļһȴǱȥˣȻһжǰBabyĹͣ¶Ϊ˱ģ칫ȥһˣܾ绰˵óȥ
ղܾ绰˵ȥһˣҹ
Ҫ֪ոհϿܾ꣬Լǲʲôأ
óк⣬ԼҲ˵Ǹܾһˣ³һݣȴҲͦģһر࣬ܶԴ˭ǶǸ˾úܴˣû뵽ôֵԼˣҲǡ
ϾԼþȥܾģ׻˵ĺãϱüţԼȥɣ
˱ͷЩļʰһӣű㳯¥˶ȥݵͦģΪһרŰ칫ĵݣݱֱӵ19㣬ڵ19Щ߹ĵطֻΪþֻܹһ¥칫
ϾЩҪٳ֣һЩҲҪͣոȻûǺ϶ٵģֻոյ˾Ƶĵ19㣬ʱ;Щѹ֣֪ôģո߽͸о·һɺܴԼΪ쵼ҲǲʶһֱͷҲʺá
мĳͶһͬóúܾȣҲû˵ʲôֻǸĺ棬ĳܾİ칫˹ȥܾİ칫³칫ҵĺ棬ҲرĴ
ǰСѳ͵ܾſ֮󣬱㼱æ뿪ˡ
ʱţȴûзӦ˼Σȴûйأ˽սҪͿܾϴһ˿Ĳ죬ܾҲֻ30ӡ
Ҵʮֵ룬ȫֵٵˣҪ֪ǿǾȻദģοǵһþرûо飬ֻΪԹٵԭټԼҲܹ߽ҾƵꡣ
ȻʮֵĵĻ᲻ᱻˢȥ˵ҲһµʵϰڣǳлĵģȻܹԼнô֤ԼȻĻЩҲԲʹԼġ


707 
һԱ֤ԼԲκʧҪԼģܹãξҪЩԱˣʱҪʱ˺ܹͣɾһ飬ʱ
ԼѾռȫˣ¾ʣ˺ˣղѾʶЩײԱԱ֪ʲôӣ
ܾǰȻ˸֪ܾҹʲô𣿡
ʱæµܾȷʵеļݺݵˤǰȻû˵
֮ǰԵľҲ˵ˣ˵Ƕ³ͬģҲò˵Ͼ˾ܾЩҲ˵㣬ǰĴþΪ£ԲŻᱻġ
һҪΪ䣬ˣþҪľͻ⣬аͶߵĻ̸ǹʵϰڣһҪס¶ҵĻȻĻܵģ³ʲôϵΪʲô³˵أ
ܾûӦѾʳĻһͷóرĲˬһʲôӾͲɾˣƾʲôҪĴ
ͻȻһȴָı˵Լ³ʲôϵóǾȣԼûм³ѹ֪³Լ˵飬ҲʺţܾȴǸˣҲѾˡ
ҸͲʶ³֮ǰԵʱֻԹٸԵģҲŽˣĺˣҼȻλϣȻͻãҪûʲôĻҾȻȥˣ
˵ֱתȥϾԼһԼûʲôոҪ˵ɫԼ
ܾŪˣͦСӵѪԣϾû˸Լǰӣǿ˿ղųӣӦò˵ѣô֤һԼıӦûйϵԭǸ³ǱˣܾãֽϮϮ
ϮϮǼ̳Լ׵ҵԲܹΪ³Ů˵ĻȴһĽɫҶΪһСѾͷ̳ôһƵ꣬һʮִĲҵصʱһԲģû뵽Ѿͷȴ¹ѻ
ֱӰԼܾȨܿˣȫ˵Ȩ֮ϣ֮ǰ˾ѾͷϰֵĴ£ȻҲǲģǱϾȨԼϣܾȷʵϮϮرϲϣ˽Ļ
ʱǿɾϼˣ˾ҲȫԼˣҪһЩԼʹõֶζȡϾһﻹϲϮϮģ˵ϮϮĻ֮䵹Ҳһ֮Ե֮ǰǳϮϮ棬ϮϮŻĿóΪþ
ȥ˾ưɣһ˺ȵƾƣϾ֮ǰһЩĵ飬û뵽;ȴͻȻСץһŮǸŮȥǲģ⼸СȴǳŮˡ
׼ŮߣȻóŮ⼸СУʱʲô³ԳȥѾϮϮǼСʱˣϾ⼸С·ϻôãԼϵĿꡣ
ǾԲֵģ쵱ȻǴϮϮȥȻֵܼúõˬһѣû뵽;ȴɱôˣʱͳذף׼ѳɱȻϮϮߣû뵽ȷʵȭţֱӰЩСڵء
ȻˣֻЩˣЩ˸зϵĻǸǼӵ飬ǼС쿴ĳȷʵǸбµģŵøϽˡ
ʱϮϮľҲˣտʼΪǳԼ׼Գ֣ȴû뵽̵һˮŪˣŽףԭǳԼ˱ж£ҪһǮǳûҪ˵ȷʵͦȱǮġ
˵˼仰֮󣬱ϮϮֿˣʱѾеǮȫˣûа취ֻܹȥҹҾƵ꣬ƵԹ١
һЩԼδ˵⣬Լͱˣóк֣Ϊ֮ǰԼҪӦƸʱѾӦƸ˵һҪһоþ
๤ģԼѹûиɹôͻȻҵԼأó֣ջǽˣϾԼżҹҲ͹˲Щˣû뵽ո֮ϮϮЦ˳ԭ֮ǰһвǱģѾͷĹ
Ѿͷ˵ҹ֮żæһܺҲʼ֮ŻᵽӦƸϮϮİ£ԸԳĳΪþҲѹֳոտƵʱЩ⣬֮ǰԵʱ⽼
Ͳ֪Ƶ굽Ǹʲôӣ˵ԼԳɹʱ򣬳Ҳûи˷ܣΪǻվ˵ľƵ꣬Ҳûж룬ϰһ죬ǿǼ棬۽ˣȻ뵽Ƶˡ
һĽԼŮˣǾϮϮϮϮÿ춼ڿƬһһȻϲϮϮܾǿǶôϲ֪ϮϮ˼ķԣһˡ
ΪƵĴþҲʮַԵģû뵽ѾͷȴǲһУ˽ǸղܾŻӶԴΪвˡ
˵֮ļʣǺ˵³ʶ֮󣬾óƭˣֻԼˣֻ˵һʲôŻԼ˵İϲ
ܾİ칫֮߳󣬶ʱĲˣû뵽ʱһȴһԼǷҪ֪߲ĶǿרŵĲġ
ԳҲ˽ǸӸ˳һŵ֮ԼֵһȻｻ̸ʶһһΪʲôҪڣȥͺԼʶһ
ã֪λ֮ʶɣ
ԼȺһ֮ųǰʵӵĴԿóӦҲһ߲ܣֻ֪ĸŵģΪʲôҪԼأ
ǸĻ֮󣬶ʱЦЦ
˵˶£ѵˣǿҸԵģҵĻڶ˹˾أôͰҸˣ
һ˵ţһ߽ԼİŪһӣԭ3Թ٣еһԭ˾²ŵģרŹ⼸Ա²ĲֻһѰԼʲô˵һԼԵġ
˵һԼԳɹģܹܲ˶ԼлɣĻЩ̫˵ȥˣϾԼոϰͷҲûôǮǸлҲõȵһ֮
ԳЩԼԴ˵˵²ĲҪԷĻ£õȵ¸ѮˣȻĻҵĹʷûжǮˡ


708 鷳
û뵽⻰֮Ǹӵϴһć֡
æ֣Ȼʹҡҡ
˵ⶼ˵ѽҿɲΪ˵Ҫмֻ˵
Ժ˾棬ҪСĵһ˲ǱˣǸղŰйȥܾ⻹һˣҲҪСˣǾܾǼ˾ޣҲûйϵϾǸţһﲻҶô
²ĲһЦţһߺһڿȣó͸ˣǸ˵˭
ΪʲôҪԼҸղǸܾԼ³ѵ˵³
ԼĲʶ³һ³ĻӦְ׷ԲԵˣϾǰĶӵģȴˣҪ֪ϮϮǿһŮͻرᣬֻΪϮϮĸ׵زõ׹ȥҽΡ
ֻܹ˾ϮϮϮϮҲ׹ȦúܺõģͻȻ֮ͱл˹սҹ˾ǶϮϮ˵СһϮϮѧڼѧϰľЩƵȻˡ
ϾǸϲɰʵ׵ģԲżæʵ˵ղ˵Ǹ˵˭˵
˵һѯʶ³ʱ²ͼæЦҡҡͷϾ֮ǰ³ԸĹͷԲܹԼ˵ġ
ܲ߳һɣ뿪ˣȻˣ߳ԺʲôĻԼͺˣԼæﲻϣСæûġ
ȻˣҲϮϮԸģ²úõ˾һ³ϾǸոյЩЩأһΪѳʵƵ꣬һƵ꣬ڸżһЩˡ
˳֮⣬Щ߲ȫϮϮݣϾҶеˣֻгôһˣԳҲ͸ų⣬ֻղŵǸӣҲ²ĲǱˣϮϮ壬СͶϮϮرĺãϮϮʲô鶼Լ˵
²ŴӦϮϮҪ󣬰þļ飬еĸ߲Щ쵼ϾǼ쵼ǶǷ״̬ġ
ֻҪϮϮһ˼֣ϮϮ壬Ҳ²ĲֻðϮϮķԸ
ļˣճþҸղ²˵ǸܾҲһϮϮãҲǸ⣬һֱϲϮϮ硣
ӦҲǸ䣬ϮϮıǿŮˣֻǰŮ˵Լõһ˶ѣ˵һӣŵԶϮϮܾϮϮҲǸʹޣֻϧ˼³һƵĵճȻԼȫûʤĿܡ
ֻϣһ죬ϮϮı磬Իת⣬ʱԼһ
Ļصһ¥ʱţǸʲôΪʲôԼ¥һΣǶôֵ뷨û뵽ʱ򣬳ȴͻȻһȺΧ¶Χסһ˻ֺġ
ȥ¶ģ֪ԼΪþȻҪģҲ˲æ˹ȥǰһĻȴó
ֻеһˣϴһӣȻ͵¶ݺݵƵڵϣҿЩԱţȻĻ¶ѾһͷԱߵʯˡ
˵Ƶ굽ô£Ҷ˵ҵסҪˮˮͬӦģôģǸˮ¶ȸûг30棬ƭ
˵Ƶȫõģҿ˵˵ҷǸһҪ⳥еʧ
Ҫ֪ľǣ¶˵ˣԭһ£ҲˣһҪԡ˱˹һЩˮΪŵˮ̫ˣ¶ȵ30棬ȴ20棬ϴûġ
һȴǹҲ磬ЩԱǶʮֵѿ¶տʼҲǺģҪȰһ¿û뵽ȴļһһӸƵڵϣϾǵһΪþ
׼һ˵һ˵ȻĻֱֵĻµʱλø˵ģ˵ĻǾһҪƵĨڣϾһԽȰ⡣
ԽˣΧ۵ˣҲԽԽˣشҶΪƵʲô⣿ģˣԼңҲ磬˵ô˵ƵĨڡ
һʱ֮óرĲˬˣҪʲô龡ͺˣǹЩСЬӣôأѵԼûа취Ը𣿸οǰһ֪¿ˮ̵ģҲ˻Ǯһ°ɣ
˵ֻܹ˵ԲˣˣΪˮ¶ǰ͵30ˣõ30棬ǾԼԭˡ
¶»ƵĨڣ׼վոսû䣬ȷʵĴӵ˱׼ٴƵڵϣһֻûѾݺݵĸץס׼ѡ
û뵽֮һʱסˣûһһѾЩͨ죬ǸҲ֪ҪȥĻԼ첲Ҫˡ
Լæ죬Ȼֳȡֵ˵ʲôˣƾʲô£
⻰֮󣬳ЦЦԼóþĹ֤ȻŵһǰǴþʱһʱһ㶣ּæԼɫʹ˦˳֡
Ȼ˼³ٽԼץסʱɾѲˡ
ǲ˼ƵĴþʲôĻܸҾͺˣҪ۸ҵԱȻĻҲҪǲҪȳֵĻֻܹ˶˵ĻҲֻܹ˵Բˣ
˵Щʱ¶رůǰĴþ飬ֻЩԱĵǸ˵ģû뵽ȴվЩԱ룬ʱǰ¶رĸм
ո֮󣬱ָų˵ԭǴþȻĻӦùˣҵѣǾǵĹ˿ͣӦúúõźҲŶԡ
Ǿϴˮ¶ȶԣǻ˼￪꣬ҪǲһȷĽĻǿɾͱҿ°ǵƵˣǶûκģ
ȡֵģȴûмôȡֵģǲҪˣå


709 
ȻһﶼѾ˵ݶˣҲˣϾԸļһԽǸĻǸӵĲҪֻѾˣһҲ⣬ѾΧһѵˣ£һģʱֻҪһһ֡
Щ˾ͻƵʩҵҲѾĶӣ֮ǰڵϻʱѾ֪ӦǸ⼸С죬ԣӦϻ죬ΪһͶѾʮˣǾȻ顣
ЩԭЩ˲ǱˣǸһƵ꣬պøƵŸɵģֽŴƵ꣬ҴƵʩҲͦģֻΪЩرĺݣЩ˿ͶӹⶼЩ٣Ը⵽Ƶȥסˡ
ԶƵס޻гԷԵƵԽԽ࣬ŴƵ굱ȻЩȥˣԹȥСӶЩСȻϼһͷװǮ˵ӣȻҲ磬ʵһжһȦװˡ
ֻҪһ֣ôЩС죬ͻӦʱͻһʰˣȻˣʵѾµһеķչֻ̣ԼȷʵЩһóѰˣȻǺܺð죬˱㼱æ¶˵һЩ
ʱ¶Щȣ֪ΪʲôҪǳʹĵͷ¶ӸղųոǸǶȣ;óһ׵ˣ˾ͰճĻȥˡ
¶鲻ǱģȻֱһ챣ȻſڵţְŸ˵ĻʹǸСԱ߽Ȼ¶֪ΪʲôҪţǻˣȻŻų˵ͷһжѾ֮Ц£ֺǸŽӵļһͻȻ˵ʲô
ֿŶˣжʱЩˣ˱㼱æ洵˿ڣЩֵǳȻ׼ЩСǰˣôڣȴվûгû뵽ʱȴһˣ׵˽Ȼһǰ
˵磬СͻȻˣô£
ӿӵˣ˿Цŵĳԭֱ˸ڳԺڣǸȻ˵ĻͱԼˣͳһѳĵɵ
˹ǰԱߵǸ¶ŻˣԱߵBabyȴĸˣϾֻҪѳôԼõľͿԳΪþˣʱԼҲԼȮ졣
㵯ɵô˵˳ֻԼһ㽫ɵˣű㳯һĽţݺݵ˹ȥһʱʹýɵڵϡ
ʱסһ֣һŰԱߵǸСܸ߷ڵأΪǸһѾ׼ȥɵˣȴһߵڵվʱ򣬳һ֣Ȼϴһŭ⡣
˵ȡҲӦиǵҳֽѵǣҪΪҲ֪ǿ϶˻Ǯģû´ĻӦžƵɣȥǵϰ壬бµĻ͸ǹƽľЩУûʲô˼˸ϿȥȻĻǵСܽ춼ٸ첲ȣ
˵⻰֮󣬳ݺݵĽһˤڵϣ˵ȻҲ֪Ǵ򲻹ģ˱㼱æԼСܣƨĴȥˣǰ¶Աˣû뵽ȥʱĳȻģҹҲôá
BabyǸĲˣΪԼƻɹˣû뵽ٴʧ䣬ʱèС䣬óһүǣ۶Щ֮ǰԼΪϾһõӡ󣬾Ժúõϰ࣬óԼ
¶æ߹ȻǸɵӵͰ»һЩߣʱ£ǿɾͲˣ˿¶ѾͷͦõģϾһῴɫŮ˵ֻǸ࣬һһΪܵġ
ǸӵˣԼСܴͷɥĻصžƵ꣬ʱһɫ˿·Ů˿ľϣЩһﴹͷɥʱ򣬶ʱеƵĲŵϡ
˵ô£˵ȥѶԷƵôԴˣǲм䷢ʲô飿ո˵
˵Ů˲Ǳˣŵϰ壬ֽ
Ҫ֪ŮˣϮϮһֱǶŸɣϾƵ궼棬ŵģͻϵľǿʮʹϮϮġ
ϾеһжŮ˸ˣƵϣŮռȻжʼȥƵֳìû뵽ȴΪĴڣӻͷĻˣ˵˳¼֮󣬶ʱЩȡ
֮ǰҲû˵ϮϮľƵôһˣѵǸոհŽģҪô˲ŵĻھԼžƵ꣬ԼԺúõõϣȻĺˡ
ǻԼȹ۲۲˵Ҫ֪֮ǰ޸һǸˣеŲȫ̵˴ϣŮﴴžƵ꣬ҲǸ
ؽԼϵɫ˿ӵһԣ˵û뵽Ȼôһͦ˼ģȥҴ̽̽˵Ȼҡ
ЩС仰֮󣬸ϽͷȻȥհˣϾԼˣǶѾôﲻˣȻҼǡ
ܾЩ֮󣬶ʱǾЩˣҪ֪ͶԳۣȻ飬ô˼ҶԷ˿ͣϵ۾Բܹ˵ģܾһϲֺõˡ
ôܻͬôļ˾رֱӰѳܾ칫ңǳڶεˣǳԼȫûոսʱ
Ϳ˾ǰһرƯŮҲֻ20겻30ӣܾһѣȥһʮֺõĸŮϸػһ£Ӧþ֮ǰǸ²˵ĸܾˡ
˵ŮǸĸϻûоãǾͦ˳ģΪûмŮ˷ӣȻôˣŮֻжǰܾŻôãǾԲ˵ġ
ֻ֮ǰܾæվȻһ۳ȥ֪ΪʲôܾŮ֮дһЩ棬һЩԼôˣΪʲôҪԼأȻˣǲ֪
ʱһжΧϮϮʵԼֻһӴŵĸƷˣܾȴǸӵķŭˣյǰ׼һȭͷǳ΢һת˹ȥܾһԼײϣǳȴûᣬһײȥ


710 ѹ
ɾԼˣԼԼûдϾԼҲΪ˾ΪƵ꣬Щ˱СһЩƦåƾʲôҪЩͷϣĻ¹˾Ƶ꣬ѾЩ˳Ūڹ֮ˡ
֪ܾʲô飿Ϊ֮ǰЩ¶Ļûʲô˵ģΪҾûκεĲ
վֱֺ׳سܾ˵ܾϸӵĲÿˣû뵽ȻôӲ˵ĻȻˣΪԵ飬ǱȻǶԵġ
˴µĻȻ̬ȻȫһǸֱӣԸЩӣܾȥ͸ĲˬˣҪ֪˿ͶǾԲԵģ׻˵ĺã˿;ϵۡ
ǰһĻصԼϣȻָųƿڴһ㶼ԣҪûи㣬ô˵˼Ҷǹ˿ͣѵû˵
ҵּǾΪ˿ͷҪǸ˿ͶŸɵĻǻʲôҵԣҸһλᣬҪԺٸôĻٸҶԹ˿Ͷһֱ֣Ӵҹû˵
˵Ъ˹ĺУóҲЩΣϾһȥ֪ȻϹ֣ҪǻɳǰƢһȭͷȥһˣԼϾþܾ£Ҳܹ
֮ǰ˵˾ϰ࣬һҪСģǧ򲻿Ը˾ŸɣҲܹԼֵµˣŵܶ࣬óҲǸεģһһֱֱˣܵһеԼֻܹţȵһ죿Լ̲ȥˣҲֻѡ
ǰһҲܾɷģرĲˬȴֻǰԼԴһȥˣһһʶҲֻǵ˵ͷû˵
û뵽ܾȷʵΪĬԼĴ
û˵ȻѾ˵ˣҲ֪ԼĴˣҲͲ˵ˣϿȥҲٿ㣬ԺҪٷͬĴ󣬾Ժ˿ͻ㣬Ҳ׼ٻ֣ȻĻɱҲ
˵㽫ϵļֱˤڵϣЩļģǳȴҿ¶ϹȻЩļŸĺ˳ȥ˾һǰһţ¶֪п϶ܣϾǳܵԩˣܾ¼ԭί֪˵˵һͨ
Ҳѹֳл᲻ˬ죬ԼԳ˽ģȴ֪ΰοϾԼҲֻһССԱһССˣ˺ܿ칫ĵط¶ϵЩļŵϣ׼תȥʱ򣬿û뵽ȴˡ
鵽˭˭ǲҶ˿Ͷ֣ľЩأ
ԼϰϣȻתŲһϵ񣬳¶
⻰֮¶΢һ㶡
ȻЦ˹һ±Ȼһȣŵ˳ǰЦ˵˵ĻǾûκεĲҲûκεĴ󣬵Ƕܾ˵ĻȷʵдˣϾĶˣǶ˵ȴһӢۣΪЩԱЩԱѣǧҪˡ
׻˵úãһףһˣһһֿ޷ȥұ˵ĿֻҪԼĿԾͺˣǴ˻֧ģ
˵¶Цȥˣóк𺳣û뵽ѾͷȻ˵ôµĻϸĥһ£ȷʵˣοȥں˵ĿأֻҪԼöԾͺá
һĨ£ԼͷȻֽǸױװõĿȶţЦԼ֮ǰЩ̫ˣܾˡ
϶ȥˣԼһֱĻԼľǲûˣȻˣҲò˵ԼȷʵЩ̫ˣϾҲҪЩ˸ȥȻٶ֡
¶ſڴ棬ͻ֮ҲǺܸˣȻȥˡ
ʱһŮȴ¥ϿųǱˣϮϮԭϮϮһֱڹ۲һһƵ¥Ҳڿɵ¥̣ϾҪΪµ¥ˣΪ˽ľƵ꣬ϮϮŻᵽ۲죬ʲʺϣ˳ҲһĿ꣬ۿһһ
˵ЩòϮϮȷʵú˼Ϊ֮ǰı֣ϮϮرľ⣬֤ԼûпˣΪ飬Լһ·ҸͨǾԲһģ֮ǰ֮û¶棬֪Լ֮
Լ٣ĻɾͲˣղû¶棬ֻ¶ǰ˼ʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲô·Լͺ˴һ㣬ЩģȻҲЩӲʱһ߽ˣ²Ĳ
˵Ǻοأֱӻصǹ˾Ȼ㶭³ݸԣܱ͵Ҫðɣܹ黹ҪһµģҲ֪ģǸ磬ѾһЩ޷̵ģ飬ûЩ棬ܹһеķ
ԼĻ֮ǰŮҲǵ˵ͷԼβ֪ԼԼ˼Լûа취ԼһΪԼѹͲϲˣΪʲôҪǿһأֻʹˣԼ񰮵ģǱˣͿϧԼֲҰЩ߳³֪֮ԼܾʱԼܵģ˲ŻѡҪ֪ϮϮ֪ԼֶŮ
ĵʹ࣬ȻҲͲض˵ˣ˵˸ղŵЩ۵ĲǱģԼֶŮúõһ룬ȥԣһֱӶǲԵģϮϮĸ׸ĸΪУԲò׹ϮϮ
ڵ˾ãԶԼ壬ϮϮرĳݣ˵Ƕ˵ĻҲǰ˳ģȻˣӦûԼĺӣѾϮϮԼŮԼŮôң׵ĵȻҲرܣȻˣԽ飬ԽЩѰ죬һϡ
صᣬЩİĵط˵䵹ҲСӦ50ƽɣһסĻԵЩ壬ڿԼԱߣ3סģֵġ
3ǿǸԱԣҲһθСӣر֣óжʱرĽԼΪʲôܹסĵطʵԼǺ޵ģԼЩҲνֻҪ˼ͺãԼŻҪȥס
ûа취˵þסճҲֻ÷ˣϣгһܹǸԼδ³Լúõ̸һ£Ҫһﵽôģ
ȻĻΪʲôԼôأֺܾЩԼ̫ϰߣ˵̫ӦȻ׼ϴ˯ʱû뵽ͻȻڵ߹ţŵһͦ˿кһ۾
֪벻齫أ֪3˸պȱһÿζղһ˻ǿһȥһȻԸĻôҲԲǿģ


711 
һȻһ齫۾ĳЩˣѾƵˣԼôܻ˵أȻǾȥһˣϾڲŲ9ԼҲ˯ŵġ
ղŻ㿴أû뵽һˣӵҲãҲʡԼûʲôղŻţӦùȥЩһкϾԼȻþ
ҲһҪѵˣôİĵطԼûκѣ¶Լ˼¶ŮᣬܲܰһסɣҲˣΣǰԸġ
ԾͰԼոдõëϣȻٵͷȻȥһ£Ұ·ϴ֮͹ȥǡ
⻰֮Ǹ˿ˣϽͷȻͻȥˡ
֮󣬳ֿ3Щļһֻ֪еһҲǸղȥѰԼһֽСΣֱСС
3֮ǰȻͬһѧУģڱҵ֮ǰ˾ʵϰȻͱ˾ˣѯҾƵôʱ3һﶼ˵رĺãٱЩƵҪúܶ࣬Ҳͦģ֤һԼҵطûҴ
Ȼ֪Ǹ³˭һֱڰԼǳףԼһһԵ飬ϰ࣬˵ЩҲȷʵǲôϲǸBabyǸèЦС
ž˾ᣬǴ˵ʵǲģΪ¶3С˿ԼҲͦȤģοһϲһˡ
ȻͻȻԼһ˴ŵĻԼܲ˵ģôͣЩһﶼЩȣ˵һˣóҲǹˣһʱ֮䷴ǲ֪˵ʲôأ
Ȼ˵ԼǺˣôԼǺ˰ɣЩ˵ĻȥһȦ齫֮󣬳ȻӮ˵Ǯ3һӣǵһµĹʰɣ
ӳ׬Ǯģû뵽Ǳˣսó׬Ǯ⼸һЩƽǳǿǾЩôҳ
ֻǿţóúܸЦЩһֻҪ˵ͺˣԼǮǣϾԼڲҪǮȻûõһݹʣ
ҲƵǸǹܳԹסģԼͲҪǮο֮ǰЩǮһ֮󣬻ʣһˣ˱ЩǮЩһЦĵһԴ
3أԺͲҪĲˣôռ˵ǮհԼǮȥˣһξɣһεĻҿǲˣǮ͵ýǮ
ԼǮֱûʱǰ3һǱˣϽʹͷҲǳŻ壬ȻĻ쵼ôܻ⼸ôأ
Ѿһˣ˿䣬ΪԼķЩ˶һ֮ŷģ˼ҵС͸ǸôҲֻ30ƽװˡ
Լһȴס50ƽ׵ķӣҲ֪Ǹ³Ϊʲôŵģ
˵ǵķôôСأ
⻰һ˵ڶʱ3˿ЩˣǼæ˵ΪֻͨԱסĵȻĵطˡ
סķ϶ܹǵһȻĻôܹоˡ
ȻЩΣһ˵ĵҲǶԣ˵ҲûдȻصԼ
ϾԼڶ컹Ҫϰ࣬ûйЩһϹ
صԼķ֮󣬶ʱǾЩ壬ϾԼϲķ䣬ȴûа취ֻܹһ˴ţм˸ԼĻԼҲǻܿĵġ
ڴţȴһֵΣεԼһңԶɽɽסһȺʮװˣÿһԴܴӺСҶ﹤ʱЩһҲǺ⣬·񿴵ˣһ㡣
ǳҲû⣬֮治лôһҲ˵ֻʱЩŵˣ·ǿ˹е˾Ȼ˵ôô
óЩ֪˵ʲôˣЩһﳤӣȻ˵ԼóҲЩͷôѿеŮĻϵٵģȻһͷ
óú֣ȴֲ֪ôЩ˵ܲ˵Щ˳Щι״ģһ壬Ȼˣ߽ȥǰɫȷʵóʱȻʣΪ̫ƯһׯˣһӾóԴ
׻˵ĺãԴƯֻܹ֪ԼܹףȻĻ˸޷㽲ģʲôӢͷףˣЩ˵Ҳ˵ʮɷģͷװһʮִӣǲò˵ȥȴһЩˡ
ϾЩ˵ҲǶԼûκεĵ⣬ȻĻѾԼ̻ˣ뵽ֻ֮ЦЦҲûж˵ʲôСС廨԰԰֮пŵӦǷɫӣȥǸƯֱЩ
ңԼҲ֪ģôƯĵطǺܹҵõģҲ֪ʵԼΣʱҲʹһԼգһʹӿͷ
Լȴǲѹ˵ʵڵģҲֵͦģЩͷļһֻԱΧԼ˵Լ̣Щ˵ĵЩжһ˿ɻ󣬻߶һ˿ǣû鷢ֻĵ߹ȥ
ĵм·𿴵һӰԼԼģֻĺ֣ĵطЩͷļһﶼ˵֣ǵĵмŵʱǰЩһͻȻļ·һ˿Ĳ˵ǲˣǳȷʵѾͣˡ
Ϊ·һĽóһһм߹ȥȴ޷Լֻܹ˹ȥǵмĵʱһӿǰѳˣΪмһȥֱôߡ
ҳҲǸƯоֵʱȴͻȻĻĴˣмȻ߳һŮϸȥʱȴͻȻŮպϤ
ǰʱſȻ¶ǾʱȴͻȻѹ¶ֱĿԼóЩˣѾͷʲôʱܽģ
ֿ¶棬Ա߷ס3˿ԭղŲ֪ô£
ˣֻʣȻ󺰴еģ¶պõûȥϰ࣬;úܾȣԲŻ᲻Ծʲô飿
û뵽ȴצģľţΪǷʲô飬˲Żѯһ³ôˣ
˵ղǷʲôˣֻǿצģֱҪȥһֻ۶Ĺȴִ˳Һܾȣ
ֻ¶ԼĴۣȻǰʵ


712 ˼
˵ŮˣԼֵͦģǷʲô飿Ϊλ⸱ģģԼЩ˵ˣ֪ȥشǰŮˣջǸϽ˴
ȻϴһЦҡҡͷ¶Լ칫ĵط˹ȥû뵽ոطͻȻһԼ뿴һĻǱģֻèС䣬һˡ
ݺݵĸڵϣȻȻҪһкߣèС䣬ƽʱһʮŮӣܵЩ
ʱȣʱżæ߹ֻûȳȥԸǸˣȷʵû뵽ȴָų
òҪȻĻҪһǲ֪һôԴҵģȻƭҵĸ飬һ˵ʲôİңҪҵĻôܻأĵǸɵŮҸ㣬ҾܵӦܵıӦ
˵Щ֮˱׼ԼϵҲǰѳĵɵֱӴ̽èСеϣǰڳ˶ŻˣҪ֪ôĻ
ŮǱȻˣжʱǣֻʱ򣬳ȷʵ֪ʲôʱѾһǰ
ȻǸɵһЩ£Ҫ֪һΪôЩֻŮ˸˰
ԳֱӸһƣȻû˵ûϢӣֻŮ˸ӵ𣿾ҪȥĻ湻˵ģ
ԱߵèС䣬ֻſǲ֪˵ʲôˣǳȴվһŮˣԼβ֪èС䣬ǾҲһʡ͵ĵƣƽϲˡ
ǰ˸ŪˣȻ׼ӵɣЩ˻˦˦ˣЩƤճϣ˦ǿϼѵģǰؾǵڶ֡
˲ҪèС۵飬飬ҲһЩģϾǸҲǸļһèСǸʲôˣκ˶
ϧ˲֪ˣֻܹԼãԲŻˣȻ˳˵Ϊ֪Լ˵Խ࣬ǴԽֻ࣬ǿһèС䡣
Ժעһ㣬ڷֵڶ飬ҾҪ㿪ˣӰ쵽飬ҶǾƵҲãĹûˣҪԹΪ鱾ĲԣⶼģҪصĻͰˡ
˵ȷʵ٣Ůˣ飬ѾˣεĻضǲһ˾ȥԼֻ顣
ΪҲ˵èЦеļͥ״ǺģԼŻ飬ϣŮһˣ˭ûзʱأȻˣΪŮװȻô
ʵľװǵŮˣèС㻹˵Դ֮ԳرķҲ׼úõϰ๤ϾԼܹҵǲףж۰Ͱ͵ҪԼλøߡ
ԼȴػҪǽľԼӱĻԼҲûл˵ܹ˼ҵˣֻûô˵֪˭ǲ׵ģ
èСϽͷȻָ˸񣺡ͷİɣԺһúõĸɣԲʧģһŹңĴ£һ죬һᱨģ
ԱߵBaby֮ȴЦ˵ġ
׻˵ú⹷ҪܹĵʺǾͲйˣ˵Щûõģ͸¶Ƶģ
⻰èСܣǣѾͷȷʵûиŮ˵ĻΪԼ֪Լոո֤ˣôԼԺͲôˣܱ˵ʲôԼǰƭ˵ĸ顣
תͷBaby˵˵ĶѽҲЩһдЩõķȥԸˣһҲܵӦ
ʵBaby飬èС䣬֪ˣֻǰԸ˵ˡ
ڼȻѾվ˳ߣȻǲϣܵκε˺Baby⻰֮󣬶ʱҲǸƲô˵ŮôֱܹӾ̧̨˵ԼɫЩѿϾҶ֪Babyõģǿܡ
ѾλˣֻϧһֱûˣŽλᣬû뵽߳ˣһĵ˺̶ȣ϶ǲСģѹͲ֪
ҸûκεĹϵֻǰԼıģ¶ԼҲ֪ԭӣǸһﵹҲǿѾôˣȴûеõλ÷ԼãһӾ͹ġ
ʱȷʵַһرˬ飬ͻȻһŮˣ۵ľͳ˽Ȼ㿪ʼ¶
ŮϴһƤȥǮӣȴ˿ž;رĲˬĸŮˣôµģǹ⵽ҲģѾ뵽
ȻֻŮһָ¶һߴ˵ǵƵѵ
ҲסˣǾȻֱӰҵĻԱȡˣǲе̫۶ˣҲסˣҲԺ󲻻ᵽסˣƾʲôǣǽøһ˵ȻĻͱҲ
ӿ¶֪˵ʲôˣԭ鲢Ů˵ӣŮ˴뿪Ƶ꣬Ϊסˣ¶ŻԱȡˡ
ҵŮ˵ͬģ񵹺ˣȡ֮Ů˷ٴ˵¶Ĺ£ŮԼҪȡģԼŻæȡ
ȻĻ¶ԲΪ¶飬һ֪صģôܻ©˶Ů˹Ҳˣȴûа취ϾԱѾȡˡ
Ůǲˣ¶༭Ǹû뵽Ůȷʵˣǰ¶ָֻţһֵģóرĲˬ
ǵĲԣԱĻһ͸죬鷳ԺһҪ˵ȻĻҲ֪ػ졭
Ȼ¶ѾӦŮѰԱû뵽ŮȴԾﲻԸ⡣
⻰ʲô˼ѵסһҪǵǲ˵˿;ϵ񵹺ˣϵ۵飬ҪǲɵĻ˵Ҫ֪Ϲǿϵ쵼ģǲԸŵĻͰ¥ȥеҪ¥˸㣬ǲҪΪǮ԰¥̸̾
ԭŮ˵Ϲȷʵ¥̵ˣǱϾˣ¥ѾȥŮûаëǮĹϵŮ˾ǡ
¶⻰֮󣬶ʱЩôˣϾԼԣ˾ǲԵġ


713 
˱㳯Ů˵ȻҲǵĲԣǵʱ˵ĲǲŻԱעˣ˵ǴĻǿҲܹе
¶һ˵ţһ߰ոհõĻԱŮ˵Уû뵽ŮȴĲˣ·ղ¶˵ĻԼرĲˬʱ벻鷢ˣŮ˾ȻֱӳȻ󣬳¶϶ʱһƣڳ˶סˣҲû뵽Ů˻ǵ顣
¶ǿǸӵѹˣ¶һʮŮӣʲô鶼Ϊȣû˵ֱӳŮͬھԼһԱߵЩԱЩˣ¶Լˡ
ûа취Ҳܹ˵ʲôϾԷһŮˣһ˵Լʲôʱ¥ģԴҶҵû뵽ʱ򣬲֪һŮˡ
ֱӸŮһƣڳȫסˣǴҸŵһҴˣ¶ϽվһߣȷʵʶǰŮ˵˭ôô
ǸŮҲӺǾȣȻ˸ҶԼ֡
Ծͼæ׼ȥ֣û뵽ȴŮٴδһơ
ʲôˣȻҶҶ֣
Ů֮ǰɴûܹίһʱ֮Щܲˣ˱ָǸŮƿڴǸŮȴԾûκεı飬ֻĿһͳһƬӵŮ˵С
ҿˣҾƵĶ³ҵֽϮϮԵ޹ʾӴҵԱǾԲģǽ߷ɳԼϽһĹԼŰ죬Ըĥûˣ
˵Щ֮󣬲ŵŴŮˣӿǸŮˣˣû뵽ȻƵĶ³ϮϮǿطĳҶŮ˼ֱ档
ԼѾϮϮˣȻҲͲҼȥϮϮԼô
ֻԼеİȻϮϮŮ˿ʼֵ˵һ飬ͲһʶˣǸҵţҵϣ
˵㲻Ե뿪ˣóԵѾϣѾʹˮˣŮ˾Ȼװ³תʱ򣬶ʱסˣⲻ죬ԼھưɾȵǸŮû뵽ȻǶ³ʱϮϮЦų˵˵ͷȻ˸Ͻȥ
ȫȥɣ˵
⻰֮󣬴ҶͷȻ㼱æȥˣȻˣȻ¶Щò̫Ը⣬ջǰϮϮķԸ뿪ˡ
ʱ²żæЦ˵ôѵ֮ĺܾ𣿡
⻰ֱǸϻѾˣϸеҲǣˣΪѾͷںչˣԼſãȻĻظͲܵչˣֲûҹȻס
ֻЩͷ⻰Ȼģû뵽ȻƵĶ³Ϊ³һͷӣû뵽Ȼ㡭
˵ųԼԴЩҡҡͷ
ϮϮӣʱҲЦҲûж˵ʲôֵֻԱߵϾ˵̫㡣
һŵ֮ʱϮϮżЦ˵ʵտʼǴģǺ룬ֱӸĻһʩ㣬Ը⵽˾ϰ࣬ҾնˣʵȻ˵ʺӲõģϣ㲻Ҫҹ㣡
˵ѾͷЩǸĿ˿³˶Լ
⻰֮ǿóЩܳˣôܹô˵أϾԼϮϮĶݣܹҵһݰȵĹһôõĹԼ֮ǰ붼벻ģôܻ֡
³⻰˵ĶЩˣҵݹҰҸõôãȻмģô˵Щˣ
˵ʵǺܸмģϾô˵һжǰŮ˸ģûŮ˵ĻԼҲô׾ٵģͳΪþ
֮ԻᵽﲻΪģΪϮϮһЩҪû뵽պþ˳ҳǸŮִӿǰϮϮ˵ԼȷʵǷҵǲԼҪ˼̤ԼϣȻĳΪԼҪƵλãԼɲˣζǲǰĲƽȻԼȷʵôϲ¶Ͼܸо¶Գ·˼ƵģǱϾһһ룬ǰŮ˻֪ʲôҪġ
ʲôҪģЩǲܲһģȻ¶ǰ³ǿʥַģϾ¶ܹƵϰȫΪ³ʴȣ¶ʵѹûͨԵģΪҵݹܹȵطϰһȶ롣
Զ³ŻصѾͷϰģտʼ˾ʱǰ¶ǿرĽţΪЩ˹˵Լ;Ͳͨ˽;ǿϵܹģ
ȻЩ¶ҲǲܵģôأϾԼֻҪŬñ˿ԼŬôҲ㹻ˣڽЩ¶ǿǱЩ˸˸Ŭ˵Ŭǵõ˻ر³ѾȫԿó
ѾͷЩˣϲëëģ¶飬رȶģһ㶼ñ˲ģҲΪʲô³رΣ¶Ϊ࣬Baby˵Ǹ˾һèС䣬¶ҲֻǸͨԱ䡣
èС䣬BabyҪСŮȷʵرģһжܹñ˿˶ŮҲǸۣҲΪʲôϮϮ¶ΪƵĴþΪϮϮ֪ѾͷǸܳԿ͵ģһܹЩãȻˣԼҲкܴ
ֻԼ¶͵͵ʱϮϮ治Ǻô˵˶ԼϵĿ꣬Ů˶ǲմȾģҲǲܷġ
ϾԼй涨ϰʱǾԲ̸ģ뷨¶һأֻԼʱҪ΢һ£¶һرµģԼ˵ĻѾͷӦܹģӦҲԼʲô˼ɣ
ϮϮĵÿģû뵽ܾȴ߽ˣʱĲˣǰϮϮЩˣԼ磬һϲһһէ
ȻһԼģԼĶһûκε˼ֻϣһԷŹԼϾֻͬ£ֻݹϵˣȻϮϮҲ֪ҹ˾ΪһĴڣԲܹ˵ķˮ𣬵ҲԼҪ޸һ
ûһԼҲǿ԰ȫٿģȻˣϮϮľĸѾͷ飬رǹɸɾǲһģԱҪвԼĻ
ôԼǾԲģǰܾŴۿԼЩͿһﲻ˳ۣȴܵǸʲô˼


714 ˽
˵³ǶæСʱɣȻֻ϶ѾʶˣҲ֪þܺãǾǸɣΪЩ黹Ҫѯʡ
ֻܾϮϮʮֲѺõ˵ӽǴ˲ܹúõһˣ˿ʱ䵹Ҳϰʱ䣬Ǹ³ĻҲȷʵʣ˱վǰϮϮ˵ͷʮֵı
ܾ˵Ķԣǲܹ³ȥˣʱĻ˵ɣϾϰʱ䣬ͬ¿ˣ᲻˵ģ˽أ
˵ͼæȥߵʱ򻹿һܾܾȴǶ֮֮ԱǣָоӵȻҲˣһ϶ϲϮϮȻĻֺαضԼ˵ҰǶԼ˵ĲѺãûǹһ
ԼûʱȥЩϾҪȥȻһ£ȥ˾øã˵ԼֻǸþҲƵӵĺãȻˣԼҲͦϲǸϮϮģûа취ϾԼܲЩ
ϣ˶ϮϮԼ֮ģʵóϮϮӦΪ֮ǰԼȹŮˣܾúԲԼһʵҪӵģûҪ
ԼֻǳˣʲôˣԼǻģ˳Ӿãûʲô˵ģֻѾͷЩ̫аˣʵԼû¶ϾԼ֮ǰȹǿǲҪÿĻԼҪ¶ˡ
Ȼ˳ҲǾСѾͷͦɰģؼϮϮǽһƯȵĻǾй֮޲ģȻˣǶڳ˵ЩɲֻˣΪףԼ˼򹤣ǱҪ˼ҵĻ
ֻʱȴҲܹȫÿʲô飬ԼÿԵĻôȻûκε⣬ȻĻȻǲܵģ飬ԼʵͲʶǸܾܾûʲôĳޣûǸҪԼӶŸɡ
ȻˣΪϮϮɣԼϮϮ˵ҲͦкøеģҲʲôϾԼҲû˵ʲôԲԣ˵˾ϮϮƯҲԼҪϮϮһ𰡣ԼоǸ¶ͦõأȻûʱЩŮ֮顣
ϾŸոȶҪȥЩĻǿһ쵰뵽֮ǰһʱԳЦЦȻҡҡͷȷʵˣԼ̫ˣûбҪô࣬Ͼ˼ֻ뱨Լˣɱ顣
ʱط˼Ʋˣ׻˵úã仨ˮ飬˵ľǰΰɣǳûе¶ѹͲ֪˼ҹͿԼ
ϲǿģ˵ϲȻҲףԼ˵ٶ࣬ҲֻǿջˣԼҪûҪûģǿɲЩ
ȵ֮ǰϮϮûпԼһ磬治֪Լ絽ôģΪʲôҪԼȥȻһԼкøУԼ֮ǰ˵һǿȫһøжûеģΪʲôһͺûһ㣬ԼԣҸղڳǰһĻʵ̫ˡ
ԼرĲˬ˵ǳˣɵƳеԼɣ뵽֮ǰѾͷǿرĲˬΪģΪãԼͲӦˣϾԼ磬Ҳһ˵㣿̫ˡ
˵ղŵʲô֪ǰҸոþΪʲôƫƫҪ˵Щ˵ĻˣѵĲ֪ôİɣ
Ҳ磬Щ뷨ܹˣҲټȥˣǲܸһģ֪Ϊ˾˺ܶ飬ǱϾȴǲܹǿѵģȻĻ¶ܡ
⻰˵֮Ҳûǰһ˵ʲôϮϮֱ߳ȥˣΪرĲˣԼı̫ˣأ
ϮϮܾ֮ǿǱˣѾͷȻΪǸһԼӽԼ̫ˣϾԼǰѾͷǿһʮΰˣ⻰˵õҲǲԭں֮ǰܾǿ˾ҪԱϮϮûа취Լĸ飬ôԼֻܹס硣
û뵽ȫûԼʧ˾ȫҲù˾ıˣգܹķΪԼԹ˾رĴһ˵ԼĹж󣬿ǱϾЩҲֻܾԼ˵ǸӣŮŻЩϲû뵽磬ȷʵֹԼЩѾϲϮϮˣϮϮܿգȴֲ֪ȥ˵
Ͼǰ˲ǱˣԼ磬綼˵ĻԼЩ֪ôȥȻ˶ڴ£ϮϮҲǣջǾãԼ粻һ·ˣԻǲҪ˷ʱˣԼȴһһͲԼ˵Ļ
ֱӶԼӵؽҵ׷ϮϮǺΣȴ޿κΣҲ򲻵ãҲãҲֻܹˣֻϣ磬һܹףĲԼ˵ġ
Ҽס˳СӣΪĻҵıҲ뿪ңһģҵŰɣһùģҸģȵһӱ޶Ҳط
û뵽һȷʵеĳȫ㵽˳ͷϣΪǳĴԼþͻϲԼˣֱǿЦ֮ΪʲôѰһԼԭأű˵ԭ򣬵ʱЩ˾ӵģ͹˲ֻǹű˶뷨ԼǸıһµĻҲͱ
ܿصԼĵطʱǸǰ¶żæ߹ų۾Щˣ¶֡
֪³ȥʲôΪʲô֮дһЩ˵ģʲôܹ𣿡
֪¶ǺĿԼȷʵôܣԳҡҡͷ
֪Ǻģ㲻ùңΪ治Ǻܺܡ
Щãǰ¶Ҳ֪϶ǲˣȻ˵ĺӾͲҪ˵ˣϾӻóģҲû˵ʲôֻһֱ￴ѡ
ϣǧҪ벻֮ģϾЩˣΪְҵϵ飬ͻ᲻ˣ¶Ͳ֪³ϲģΪΪǸŮ˵飬ԲŻ⵽³𷣣һֱڵǣһͺˣǿˣǰ֮ǰĵĸŪûˡ
˺ܾãûбҪӣⲻֻίԼҲίˣϾԼףԼûбҪӵģοԼģӦǱ
ӦԼϧˣ뵽֮󣬳;࣬Ц¶ǰ֮ǰ˵¶ļסһƵĵطҺƶͻȻһ뷨ԼԸ¶һȥ¶ļʲôӡ


715 ŭ
û̫ˣ֮ǰΪʲô벻أӶãϾҪÿĲУѹҲһ죬ҵҲһ죬ֱӻĿһɣ˵ǲǣ
һ˵ţһߵݸһȣʱЦŵͷû뵽СѾͷȥôͦ˵Щο˵Ļѹֻᱻλϡ
֮ǰĳųѾͷ˵֮ǰ˵ȥһݷһļˣûб˼ֻȥһ°ˣӦòɣ
ʵЩ˵Щ̫˵ǣϾѾͷԼ£ԼȥһԼµͥ״ҲбҪġ
ǰ¶Щܳˡ
ȴǵ˵ͷ֪ܲʲô˼ǳȻǺģôԼҲܹóѿϾͦõģ֮ǰԼЩõˡ
Ȼ쵼ȥĻȻûֻ˵ãǺƵģϣ쵼ǧҪ
ǰСѾͷЦ˵
æҡҡͷԼȥʲôֻȥ¶סʲôĵطˣҪĺƶĻԼҲԳְһСѾͷԱߵ˶ʱ̲ס˵
ǳȴϾԼӲϲں˵뷨ΪԼģοȥں˸ʲôѵ˵뷨ܹ𣿸ǲܵģԼҲһʶ
˵˳ҲģЩֻΪʼɰˣȻĻҲˣϾԼûȥ⼸˵ļУЩ浱ȻǲܵģԱߵèСȷʵͦ˵ģô˵Ѿͷ¶ǿǳ
ԼҲȥǺ룬һб˼أԼȥԼ뵽ֻð뷨ѹסˣֻܶںЦģϾܾè壬ʵֻһˣҲôè壬Ǵȴֲ˵Ҷ֪ǿ˺˵˵ģȻǲϣЩ˵
ϵЩһǿ˵ĵģԼвˬ죬˵Ļ˾ú˼ΪģΪǿһֱ¶ԼСһȻ¶һֱﵱ࣬ȷʵСģԳŻѾͷԼСһԴѹͲǸӡ
Щ˻ҲýͣϾҲ֪ЩֻԽĨԽڣնܹͣеԵɵô£Ȼˣǰ飬ȴҲһͣǾ¶ЩԲŴСѾͷ
ô򵥣ǱĻԭĻԼҲֻ˵ȷʵˣȥɣȵ°֮󣬳ͼææʰһЩԼղȥĶȻ¶һ𣬵¶ļ浱ʱҲ룬¶ʮŮӣؼͥӦͦõİɣϾӦһĽȻĻѾͷô㣬ԳлǴһЩڴģû뵽ոߵ¶ҵһΡ
ҲһʮƾɵһֵĶʱЩģܾûԼҪܶ࣬Ҳֻһ㣬Աߵ¶·Ҳǿ˳û߹ôƾɵĽֵһЩΣȴֲܶ˵ʲôȴ̲ס˳ų˵
ҪǼʵǲԸȥĻͣ°ɣҰĸҵĸףҵĸ֮һܸ˵ģϾ㶼ѾˣҲѾǼˣֹҲˣֻߵĻûʲô˼
˵׼ֱӰѳϵЩ͸ԼĶߣǳȴЦҡҡͷȻų¶˵⻰˵ĿɾЩˣϾ쵼Լ˵ˡ
ܹ쵼ͺһˮȻܾȥģѾˣܱʲôˣĺˣҲЩˣȻĻҲˡ
⻰֮¶ŷ뵹ҲǣȷʵˣȻĻԼҲóǺˣŵͷȻųȥԽԽխǰЩ֪ˣԼȻҲӦǺܲģû뵽ȻôƣӶЩľˡ
Ϊլӣڳ˵ǺܶǰѾû˾סˣ£ȴסţһ¶ôƯŮӣóرĲζġ
ջ˽ȥ֪𾴱˵ķǲҪһпĶȫ¶ȻĻֻ¶ܣ߽ҲǾãطǲֲǺȵĵطҳܿ͸¶棬һرխС
浹ҲһƾɵСľݣû뵽Ȼ˻סŵʱ򣬾ͻȻһǰ¶Ҳǣ˲ˣֱӳ˽ȥǰΣʱóסˣǱģΪǰȻһˣֵŹһ̫̫̫̫ίȴֲ˵ʲôֻܹװ׵󺺸Źš
¶ȥһӰ󺺸ƿȻ̫̫ǰ
˵ʲô֪ĸѾˣôܹӶԴԼĸأΪҲڵһʱ䣬׼ʲôĸ׸ĥҸ㣬ֻҪڣͱ룡
⻰óסˣû뵽ǰ˲ǱˣȻ¶Ĵ磬ҲŹ̫ŴһӣʱһɻˣЩТ˳ļһǿ˵Щ˾ӦֱӸʱϾˣûбҪڻϡ
Լĸ׶չ˲ã˵ˣԶЩ˵ڳ۾ǿѾ̵ģԸͲһ·˳ȥһѰһĲӸסȻ󰴵ڵϣǰǰ¶ŻˣȻ֪ǰرģô˵ҲԼĴ硣
֪Ҵ粻ԣǱϾҲҴѽַ̧һΰɣԺ󶼲ˣ
һ˵һ߹˵ϣóҲǸˣϾ¶Լ棬Ǽֱһһ㣬񵹺ãΪļһȻӣóرʹ˱㽫һݺݵˤڵϡ
ȻŲżæԼϵԱߵϣȻ֪ǰһ˭ƾʲôӶԼ¶ĴȻ׼ۣǼֱ
˵㵽˭ƾʲôҶֶŵģǵļʷʲô͹ܲţϿǼҹȥ
һ˵ţһ߱㳯ųóرĲˬһ飬ֹ֪ϴȻ˵Щϻ
Գ߶ʮһֱӰһĲӸסǰһŻˣһ仰˵ʵı㵹˵ϣгԼŶԼһ֣ͲҪԼĴ㣬һɱˣˣԼ۵ģʲô˵ģΪʲôҪԼĸˡ


716 ƫ
˵̫̫ȥôҲ߰ʮˣôܵôһȭͷأҪǿ¶ϣؽԼðΣգҲһһȥˣǰǿǷ赽˼㣬׼һǳȴԾɾò񫡣
ȻԼͳһСӣȻݺݵĿǰһҪ֪ĵҲͰˣǰ¶ȷʵܵģԼĸӦãǳɱĻʱǿɾɱ˷ˣһжΪԼԼԲ鷢뵽֮¶ɾͼæݺݵץס֣ϣǧҪɵ¡
ϾΪԼôǾûҪģǳȴջǰһݺݵˤԱߣʱ򣬸ղŻצ磬ŵƨҷһˣֻӲĿš
һһ˵ʲôԼʲôѾˣ¶æԼĸ׸ϣȻţָǱ߲飬Ȼ￴ȥôɾǳûںһ
ʱֵǰ˵ˣǶˣʲô飬ܶԼĸ֣ѵãĸ㣬ľûκεĸж֮𣿸ĸôӶԴĸĸ˵ҿȥˣ¾үҲǿȥˣ
Щ֮˶ʱóסˣҪ֪¶ĸǸմͲЩ˵ʲôȷʵ˳ԼĵģܿĵţңųԸֻ࣬ЦЦҲû˵ʲôϾԼҲ֪ġ
˵̫࣬ҲûκεãΪ˸Ͳ֪˵ʲô˵ʲô໹Ϊ˵ЩҪôǸԼϷǳȴǶ˸ܣϾǰˣѾ߰ʮˡ
Ůúչ˵Ļľû˻չ˵أ˳ŵĲǱģϣܹü齡Ǹ˰˵ϾûԭĻҲԵ޹ģ󺺿ȥҲЩ˾úܾȣϾǿ׳ģҲˣΪΣҪأ
һʲôͬɣǲ˵ԼҲָףոսʱѾŵһر𲻺õζζԼúŻ£ȴ²
Ҳ֪ʲôζͻȻ֮ȷʵˣǱģȻһЩúԭȻҶζȴǸˣʱó볢һǿ˳ӣǰ¶붼룬ͼæȥҶóȻֽ
ЦЦŲ߶ʮһģһھͰҶˣرĺóԣЩ;ˣղŻԼôˣҿȥԵôĿġ
Ȼ˳ҲûгԶˣȻһֱڳԹͣ˵ĻζôôҳһֱôϲһԶģǻЩߡ
ҲûԶ٣ȻȻҪúõĳһҶζ˱ѾͷԼ˸ԱߵЩסˣѵҶľôóҲæһŵҲûʲôϾÿ춼ڳԡ
һ֮󣬲ųǰʵ˵ʲô飬ԸˣҪܹ㴦ģһ㴦ģˣⲻԭ֮ǰ顣
ֻ¶ˣˣԺҪٸ۸˵ĻұҪ㲻ҪΪֻ˵˵˵Ŀɶ¶
ԼղѾʶˣһﵱȻҲɵ֪ܹȻĻԼСȻԼȻѾƽˡ
ҳ˵Լ飬ô֤黹ǿԵõģʵ¶ĴǰӵģֻΪõ飬Իּ̫̫֮Ȼֱ˴ϣҲͼ첻ˣԲŻ̫̫
Ҳѹ̫̫ӣ̫̫ȥȴʲô֪·ԼӵıҲ⣬óжˣ̫̫ΪȻ˵ȷʵմҲӦõֵزѵʹжû
ûʱǰѾˣԭȻΪģΪ磬֮ǰһЩǮȻȥĲûбȤãһӾϲȥĸȻ󣬾ӰеǮȫȥˡ
һʱ֮ԼҪԼЩǮȻĻͰԼȸϣһ֪ܲȥԲŻ̫̫ʩе죬ȫǼӵ̫̫ϣ˲ų˸ղһĻЩ֮ǰ¶
ǿǵĻˣһﵽ׽˶Ǯ֮ǰ˵нԼСˣԼȻôϲ磬ǱϾҲ״磬Ҫ˵ģȴǸٵģԼĴ˸ֱҪԼѾĶˣôȻûȢš
ѾǴҵһʮֳˣ񵹺ã첻ҵ֪ȥĲǸ壬֮ʲôþȥʲôӣ¶ҲȻˣԼһǷҵġ
ܹҲиưɣܹʲô鶼ȥԼʲôȥȻ¶ĹȷʵͦģƵѾǺܸߵˣĻÿ¹ʶǧǮĵǮ¶ȴһ㶼á
Ϊ޶ҪѵĵطȲǱģ̫̫ÿ죬ҪЩҩ飬ԭ̫̫մ֮⣬Ȼ򲡣ұÿҩܹȥȻĻʱͻֱҪģȻˣÿĻѣҪ¶ĹǮˡ
һԼԼҪԷ⻹ҪһʵǮ˵ˣ¶ԼƽʱҲҪӦģܲ˵ÿ֪ﲻμκε飬ѵֻܹ
¶ƵԿȴһǮʣʱ¶ÿ춼ڴҲǺܾȣҲˣ¶ûб·ֻôһ·ΪòҪ֪ЩŮӣЩBaby
èС䣬ǿÿ϶һ·ģֱ¶ȣҸˣʱ¶ЩŮӣ治֪ʳʲôӣԼʲôʱܹЩһҲԵ̵ȥȻһԼϲ·ԼҪĲ࣬һ׾͹
Ǿô򵥵뷨¶ȴԾɺʵʩΪףԼֻҪǶһ·ôԼ棬ҪһѵǮҲֻǿţԼ뷨
ǿиѹȥô꣬¶û˵һǮ˰Լ˵ȥԼ壬ԼûôҲôΪ¶֪ϣ֪ģˣҪûĻľûбҪˡ


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ЩˣϣϾûˣǱ˾ֳŮˣÿһſдǮĳ֣ԼǰĺܿõԼҪĶˣõϵĲڱ˵ϣֺܵʱɷԼҪЩ
ЩҪ˧ǮģԶûˣΪеֻЩ˿ҵһČ˿ҲͰˣЩֱ˵һǮˣϾ˿֮ջǻŪˣְˣͷʲôòˡ
ҵǮ˾Ͳһˣ㻹ԻǮѽʡñŪ֮һǮòʱֻԼഺЩ˵ȴֻܹЦһЦ֪˵ʲôˣϵŮӣ϶ҪҪģƾʲôҪЩأ
ΪһŮ𣿻˵㳤ƯǿЩЦˣҪ˵ͬʱԼȴΪЩŮΪ˽Ǯϧ͹ܱ˽ϹҽеرܣΪЩŮӶֻ֪ҪӵĻͿԵõǮõԼҪĶ
ǷѾȫûˣѾñ˸̤ˣֻǱϵһС棬˵Ǳ˵һСС͹ˣϲʱ򣬾Ͱ㱧
ϲʱҪһȥô򵥣ΪԼͦģǱ˸ѹû㵱ԴҲǿɱõЩǮѾʧȥˡ
ɰģʱرµģʵ֮ǰèС䣬ǸBabyˣBabyҲһˣϾֻһõġ
ûҵ˾ܵȻĻأ˵BabyǸˣʵҲһУֻðBabyҪõԼҪλðˣǰBabyȷʵһֱУõҪĶǸǿɱangelaBaby³ܲҰɡ
Ǹʲôϵأ֪Ҳȥ֪ϾֻҪǰ¶ϾѾͷȷʵֵñͬģЩʱ򣬳Ҳ룬˵ΪʲôҪţʵյͷһգЩȴջţҪȨʱǵòԼҪģȴҲֻܹĬĬˡ
ǰ¶׷Լ磬Ȼû˵˵ĲҲͰˣΪʲôΪʲôҪȥ֪ǼûǮˣôϵĻʱǾ·һôǼȫ
⻰֮ǰ磬ҲǾԼܶԲԼãϾԼü渶ô࣬ǴûеõκεĻر
˱һӹڵϣĿ֪ҵĴҲӦ֪ΪǼҸ˺ܶŬȷʵǲףûа취Ҳ֪ģǼҸϿ츻ԣǵ㹤ʶǮ֪ģΪҺãԲŻˣ
ЩóЩˣϾÿ˶ԸΪԼɣǰһҵɻͦûʵģ˵ʲôΪÿһʧÿʧ֮󣬶˵Ǳ̨ʣȴֻЦЦ֪ǣһﵽһЩ˽˶ٵ
̫ĻԼģٵĻԼ԰æһЩϾԼθҸ̫Ļϰ඼û˼ȥˣ˵ˣϮϮ԰ԼŮԼ֪ģǾȻһˣϮϮһرĿףñ˾˼ĲģĸģҲǵϮϮ
Ÿ鳹׵õܲܰ¶ĴָɣǶ˼ҸǻҪǮʱҵĲðˣû뵽뷨ոջûнѾһ˳˽Ϊ׵һͷϴѼñӣȥҲһʮĽɫոֱӲ߶ʮһȥ¶Ĵץסʱ¶ȥԼĴȴǱһ˸Ƶһߡ
һ㵹˵ҿ˿⼸һſһŻһһЩϼ룬ΪɹӣԲŻӵģ˵Ļǳǿһˣ֤֮ǰ¶Ĵ顣
˱˵ȦףЩ˹¶ĴȻְһǮƭߣӦǳǧģϾȺһֱһﷸģ뵽֮󣬳ɾЩˣϾǰôˣԼҪĸĻ»Щѵģ˵¶̫̫¶Ĵ綼ԼҪЩǲˣԼȡȻĻ¾ЩѰģһһɣ
ֻǸѼñĴ磬ߵ¶ǰȻֱӸһһơ
ӿ¶ĴˣȴֲҶ˵ʲô˶ǵǰһʱԼСǿɾͲˡ
һȻܣҸͻ붼Ҫ룬ΪǮǿǩֻѺģܵȥأǴߣҲץģ
˵ֱӸһһȭͷһӣ¶ЩˣϾԼĸ磬ô˵Ҳǻһ۵ģԼٲԣǻ뵽СʱһԼһУҲãЩжģ¶㼱æЩһĺ
Ƕס֣Ҵ絽ǷǶǮ˵
ʵ˵Щʱ¶һûУԼƽµ׵ĹʣһǮûѹǲܸһּۻ۵ģȴûа취ϾԼܹô飬ԱߵȻҲ֪Ѿͷôģ
ʮѾͷߣ϶Ѿͷµģ˵ˣԼҲԹ۵ˣֻ֪ЩһﵽôģҪǮҪһץأʵ϶ΪҪǮϾЩһ֮ԻŸΪ׬ǮֻҪЩһǮôҲͺðˡ
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Щ֮Ǹ¶Ĵʱŵܹڵϡ
ҵӰɣҾôһӣҪóκĻҲǻˣҲҼﻹôһĸףֻпòܹҾԲܹøߵģ
ЩóǾǰͦүǶģ֮ǰԼЩһϾô˵
ǰһﻹԸΪ¶ЩּۻۣҲûԼʧǰԼ벻һô塣
û뵽ǴǸѼñ˸ŭˣֱӳ¶Ĵһȭߡ
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ϾԼ绹ڼԼչԼĸףԼĸܳȥѾллˣû뵽ȴǳӣôǮҪԼ
˱㲻һеĳ嵽ԼĴǰĺôܽôǮأǼʲôѵǲ֪ҪҸ棬ǲǾͲҺˣ
ȻˣԱߵĳҲǼæ¶ϾǰôĻĻЩÿ˵Щˣǹ˸壬ɵȥ
Ȼ¶ĴȷʵԣӦȥ˭һЩأָǱƭģ뵽Ҳ֪Ҳûа취ۻ˭ҲҪ
ǰѼñ˵Ȼ֪һûǮȻ˵ĻǾͺðˣ׼¶ߣָոմ¶ʱȴֳһֻ֣һӰѼñ˵ָ۵һԣʹѼñЩģǳȴֻЦЦ
ǶˣҪңȻĻ¾Ͳһֻôˣʱֱȥ޻أҹҪΪҲ֪ôģҪбµĻһҪӮ˵ĻҾǴãȻĻ˴ߣ
˵űԱߵһɸӣӦòǱ˵ľ¶ĴģһһɸӣӻЩȶˡ
ʵղžѾ˳Ĵڣֻû˵Щ˵ҲûںͻȻˣһƥһʱڳ˶סˣ˵ҪЩ˽бȽϵʱ򣬷ǰЩ˸ֻˣȷʵ࣬Щˣǿǻǧġ
ûܹЩУǮӮߣҲΪʲô¶ĴʧܵԭԭȷʵһŻƽʱ˵Ĳ¶ˣǿǾܲ˵ģֻҪЩ˸ץסǱ뵽ҲգȻǩֻѺ
žĳȻЩˣһһУӶˣȫ·ЩȴǸͲ֪ΪԼˣֻЩвס
ֻԼһССϷˣǳֲǸɵӣѾ͸һУȻҸ˱ȽϣȻгԼȻĻҲȻ˵ģ
Ѽñˣ˳Ļ֮ǿЦòһ㶼Ҫ輸ˡ
˵⻰Լ˵ģ㾹ȻǶģǽǾͱضҪĵģֻĶעʲôǶĲûжעĻǿɾûʲô˼ˣҿɲϲûжעϹ
һ˵㽫ԼǰһɫϴĴ򿪣ȻЩǮ˳Ҫ֪ĽǮȥмʮɣóЩ˼ˣȥһĴԼúõһôԼҲԲһʧģϾԼĲ飬ҲԶһԶ˵Ļ
ǿǸӵ˼ˣҲǻûܹսʤô򵥣ЩһȻڳѰ·ǿɾͱԼˣЦŴԼҲóһǱģԼϵһذףǴģذ׵ʱǰЩһʱסˣʲô
ǳȴֻЦЦųһ˵ȻĻҲǣǾģҪǽӮ˵ĻҾͰ͸ǣôöǿԵġ
ǰҵٸˣνӮ˵ĻôҲ̰ģЩǮһֶҪֻҪһԺûκεĹϸҲˣǰǷǵЩǮҲһˡ
˵㽫еذ׳ʹĿ˹ȥʱӸЩ˶סˣû뵽װĵģȻҲǸүǶжʱҲЩˡ
Լ϶ǲģΪģΪЩһ϶ǮԼõܾģΪԼǿиߵԴ⼸һ
ϾѾ˵ĺݻǰѼñˣҲûʲô˵ˣܲҪԵԼر˰ɣĻᱻֵܸЦģô춼һҪһƴˣôԼһҪսʤһΪ
ΪԼȻѾӦ¶ôͲܹʳԣҪ¶Լı£ʵ¶ʱӵĵˣ鱾͸ûκεĹϵ
ȴǲϽǳκε飬ʱԼô³ôƵ˽ЩڰѳˣԼ
ʱǸѼñЦߵ˳ǰȻһ۳ŵ˵ͷ
Ȼ㶼Ѿѻ˵ݶˣҪӵĻԵҺˣĺսҽˣȻˣʵʵ˵Ҫ֪ǿɲ˵˵ˣһҪǩֻѺģǵʱ˵ĻȥǧҪ˵ģ
˵һԱһֵֽܵнӹһǩֱʣžдЩԼȻӵУóúõĿһû©ȻҲҪúõļһˣ˭֪Щһ᲻ᶯֽѽϸĿһ֮󣬳ŵͷĶȷʵдöԼ֮ǰģ˵ġ
ûκεĲ࣬붼ǩֻѺˣʱǼСǶʱЦЩһﶼΪԼƻɹˣϾҶԼǧǸѾرˣοЩһôģȴҲֻ΢΢һǣЦţЩһﻹΪ׬˱ˣôֻܹ˼ĸǣʵˣǧİ취ǼֱһöûУʵǲ˼¾͵ҵǰˣ
ϵЭԼǰϴ󣬳Ц˵ԼҶѾˣȷʵǲҲͲ˵ˣҶѾǩˣҪǸ˵ĻҲͲҪԥˣǱսپΪһҪȥϰأ
붼ǩЭԼʱʵǰһҲѼñ˻ǾͦȵģѵǸɵô붼ǩ֣ѵͲһ壬˵ˣԼǧַǿܼسͨ챾졣
Ҳ޷ԼԱȵģȻˣҲ֪һΪԼƻóˣΪһҲģҲǩ֣бʱ˳ӣӿ϶ЩһǳǧȻǧĻͲҪҲˣȻĻǶ¿ɣƣ


719 £֣
˵νߵ¶ȴĵǡ
Ͼ¶֪±͸ûйϵȴӲİѳǣԼĲ֪Ǻá
ǸǲԶڳ˵ȷʵûʲôϾԼֲǵһ飬һȻϲԼĻôԼǾԲܹһʧġ
˵ҪȻӰɣϾûйϵЩһǸжҵĻȥЩһﻹôҪ˵Ļʱǻˡ
Ҫ֪ǰŮˣҲǹĳԲŻˣȻĻ˵Щϻأ
֪Լ˵ĻѾͷҲǲˣʵ֤ûжֻͣЦҡҡͷȻ㳯輸˹ȥΪĲǱģǱȴСֻˣſʤȻˣҲ֪Լֵܹ̫ˡ
ȻĻᱻ˸ֵģȴҲֻЦЦѼñȷʵ֣ѾزˣȻЦʲô˼أ᲻ʲôıƣ
ѾǩЭԼˣǿǾȻܹˣ룬ԼôܻһˣϾԼѾϻôãûܹԼԣٳӦû°ɣ
뵽֮ǰһҲѼñ˲߶ʮһͿʼˣȻʹҡ;гȻǿĳһ͵͵İɸӷŵڣӦǻһЩǳȴװûпӣֻԼӡ
ȻЦΪᣬһǸɫӣҲ͵͵ĸ˸һеɫӣѾһﻻǸˣǳһԵ׼򿪵ʱû뵽ǸһǹװźصӣǾʤȯˣԾóȴ򿪡
Ҿο϶Ӯˣȿʼɡ
ʵղųҲѾɫӣȻҲѾκˣֻûд򿪰ˣһĻֻ֮ЦŵͷԼûװ˼Ҳûж˵˼ȻͰɫĴˣû뵽Ȼ3壬Ҳͦˣ¶¶Ĵ綼ûʤ㡣
û뵽ǰһҲѼñȴҡҡͷεӣȻҲ֪һ϶3֮ǰ3²ˣΪԼѾˡ
Ѽñ˱ЦŰԼϵɫӸˣû뵽ʱɵˣΪǰĸͲʲô33ģӿڳȫסˣ֣˵ɵǲκģΪʲôȴˣ˾úܾȣʱѼñ˶ʱҲˣ׼Լаóȴû뵽һӰذָһĲϡ
øԸķ䣬ȻĻ죬ҲųȥŵĻ㾡ܿһԣȻˣҲֲ֪µˣǣļˣδزһ᲻ˡ
ղѾˣĺӦϹСѧɣȻ˵ĻǾͺðˣһᰴص㣬ȥѰĺӵģҲҪңϾΪʤ㣬Ҳֻܹˡ
ӿǰѼñ˸ˣôˣ뵽ԼŸӣֻܹεҡҡͷȻЭԼˣȴֻЦЦ
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ЭԼæµĴ磬Ȼ֮дһЩ̫Ѻá
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æµǶӵĸмˣҪǳĻԼѾЩļһץˣлĻһҪúõĸлϾԼǶǳġ
ûʲôԼӦģϾ¶̫ˣԼðӦðġ
Щ֮󣬳Ҳɲ١
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ʵϣҲģҲ뵽һ£ǾԼĻǺ׾ͻᱻ˸֡
ʱһֱһ飬ҪԼĻǻʲô취԰һ̰
Ҫ֪ѾԽԽ󣬳ȴһֱѹ֮УɲǳҪġ
ʲô񰡣Ҫ֪ô˹϶ǳԷˡ
Ǻǣû뵽㾹ȻԴ
£طûеգҲ漣ˡ
һȺ˶ѵǳȴǺƽĿ˵Ǻõģ
һЩʶļһȴѾоЩԾˡ
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