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ŶѧҹĪ˵汳ӵֱ׷ɱôǸ˵㸣ıûУۻ԰Ӵ˴۲£åĻ


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001ȥ
ҹȵң
ҽѧԺǰһĸŮѧ첽ϸС߸ʯϣβζҲ
΢΢𪽿۵ļʹҲһ覴ãģǽխζȹ£޳֬һȣ޼ɵչʾ˵Ľ
ιӣǻ˫SߣɵĽŲ˫ӿʱһҷɡ
ιû𣿡ٻۺ죬쵲һ۾ǰ
Ȼסһͷײ˷ϣҺüʱɲ̧ͷ۾Ӷγ
㣿ҹ˭ʱݵȴһ˿ЦٻŮͷŹҰɺòã
ٻεЦݣҲһЦżֵ⣬˭˼Ҿϲأ
ҹ仰ö˶תͷΧһۡ
Ȼһ˫˫ûԷһۣ޲ҹ̻ˡ
ŮˣٻһƯŮˣ޵սսеĺ
Ů˭
İɣٻ㶼ʶͷ֮һԶŮĴһŮһ¾ѾϣռѧԺһУλã˵׷˼ѾְһȦˡ
ԶŮôţǮ˳ֹԡе˭ǰҲûȥôôŮģ
ݿɿϢ˽ҹҽѧԺ꼶ѧǸ֮⣬ֱûκص㣬˵ʱûаѹãûݹɣûпΣûС
û԰
ǰ治֪ٻôٳģ
Ҫ
ҹһƤ޹ٻ˼˰ɡ
ٻȴֻǿЦţ㲻ôѷ鶼ܲ˰ɣ
ǰǰҹæصͷ̹ܵȻ죬Ҷ˵Һˣ˰ɣʵܲˣ
Ҿϲһ㣬˲ҳϵĶ͸ҳϡٻۺɰСͷ
ҸģҸģԺ˲ԸϵĶҲϡҹæ̬
˵ľ͸ģˣٻ΢΢ףֺյ°ϣһСյĿɰӡ
ҹ
͵͵Χ۵
ҹףٻճˡܶ˶ĽһˣֻԼ֪
Դٻ޶ԼʮʮԲΧŷٻֶû
һˣ˭ҵһôȱ£
ٻԭҲɰ
ҹôܳװ鷳ʱԶʻһֱܳͣǰӳһʮˡ
һ˹˶װúܾµ΢ͷΪĳЩķݣɫ΢΢еֳ࣬ʽʮۣùŮƵƵعˡ
ӦʹĶ˰ɣٻһ˿ɫ
Ǻǣʲô㣬ҲûҪ˼רתѧУĿĺԣΪ׷ٻһתͷĵɨٻߵҹ˭
㲻֪𣿡ٻҹվţʱһס˶Էֱۣһ£ҹλ޼ҵķ
ҹôǵĸģ΢΢۾ҹĿһ˿ơ
˼ȻûĴ˼ңʵһ۾ͿҹǸ⵰ȫµ·ٿ鶼ô˵ֻǷһ£ҲǸٻѣͲš
ǿЦģҲѣģߣ
ҹѾ׽ĲƣԶԷݣõʲôֶΣܰѧԺɲ֮֡
ﲻϣ㻹㣿ٻֱһεץҹţһ
ûУҹԭƽĿһ˿ŭһ͵͵󣬻þƽ˵ûʱЩСֻʵʵѧ鷳Ǹ·
ٻ˶һ£˭Ҳû뵽ȥʵͽѧȻͻȻ쭣ֻ֮ǴϷٻٻЩŭضҹ
벻ҹȻ̨ԼϵѣҲӦܳŶԡ
ոҪŭһȴ뵽ƻԼļƻĿһתѾһ顣
ҹҲôңǴҵʱҾѾϲˣ㲻ҲϲҾڲӦʲôˣٻӲӸոյķζѱóһŮݼСҲ´ˡ
ⷬ˵ÿô¶һҹĶȴŭˣ
ŮǰҪӣѵڵƣޣ޼ҪһѧַӶϰֶ
ҪҹȻƽƽسٻЦЦ
ţٻЦ΢΢һ£ƺЩӦǰ˲ͱһˡ
°ԼȥҹЦѾһ˿аȫû˸ոǸʵѧӡ
¡ٻֻʶĿڣ˵ʱͻȻеڣģԼ֪ڵʲô
ҹϵЦŨˣ΢΢üëʼ磬ƺͨʲô̹ȻԲ𣬸ո˵ˣҵȷٻѣ
ٻһ£漴Ͼ͸ЦݣͬʱҲոĿһ˻ȥ
ŶҪľЧ
Ҳ÷϶ĸ飬ϾѾͬӣӦһӦóеΣɫһ仯ҹų˵
ʲôͬӣ
ٻ󼱣һﵽں˵ʲô
ûϣһֱѾı´Ľ§˸ʵʵͬʱȵ촽Ҳӡ
Բۣ˵ҵŮ񣡡
ֹˣǸˡ˵һһϣƺҲһָС
ⲻصǸһ˵ѾŮͬˣ
ͺһըףڳͨͨըѣͨ죬ҧгݡ
走ֱ޳ܡɥûޡ顭Ϊʲôң
߻Сĸζһأɴظ֮Щ˸ø͸ȥˣЩʹ졣
ƵٻûΧʵϣҹ촽ʱ˵һֻʣһƬ⣬ȫհˡ
Ӧһʶǣûˣ֮ͦˣСǸ뵰ˣ
ЩģļǸ۾ͻȻаļһ֮ǰЦ˵һ䣺ǶѾüûˡ
ʲôҲû˵ֻɨһ۾СܣҲƵ뿪
ʱٻʱҹǾ仰Ҫ°Լȥ
ͻȻһͷʹءİԼȥˣ


002ò
֨
̥͵֮ĦȻͣ£𵭵ĳ̣ƧСӿڡ
̫ƫƧԭСֻһˣǸոջӵҽѧԺһŮҹ
ҿпڳϣ˫ۣһĪЦ⡣
ԭ٣ѵҿԽ͡ҹ±þִոǸϮǿٻĲһ
ͣ˼ζʲôΪٻѣ
ҹòƺݺ˿Ǿͺãûʲô¶ˡ
תܵñӻ졣
վס走ܻغ֪Ͳʲôʱ˵ôŹˣܣ߳޵ĻᶼûУ
仰ȻЧҹͣˣŤͷһֻ޹Сá
ЦһǸѧŶһš
հصһ¶ǰͷߵҹǰקԷǸĺڱ߶۾һŲ˸ϡã֪ٻΪʲôѡ㵱𣿡
ûǮûûеˣ£ֻƣŲӰСЩҵ鷳ҹͻȻһüëҲżζҵǲСĿǷΧڡ
ĵؿҹһۣȴûעҹҲ鵽ȥˣȻ㲻ӣ͸֪ٻʲô
ͷҡҡ޼ң۴òǼٻŮˣȴǰСռ˱ˣ޲ܰѶԷˡ
ٻǰƣǴȥˣҹƲƲǣһЦȻۣܵ˵յĶҲǵϢ

ǿϮأ껹ֻϢǱǮҪ٣走ôһ㣬ӵŮ㹻
ʵҽѧԺ֮ǰѾ֪ٻһ⵲ơ
ʱҹ˾Ѿעˣ߳ޣ
ڣֻټһֻ֣߳ޡ˭ֻצӣڶŮˡ
¶ò޶ǽˣ⵲һӻȻùȭͷ
ʲô֣ƽ۸˶ˣԸһӣ㹻
ҹȭȥһɲǣ·ѾԷѪ쭳ӡ
ž
ֻϧ˳ľͷͻȻͿǶˣһֻݣȴĴְȭͷץš
٣һԭЩӣ˲аȻ㣬£һʮҵ鷳ʮŸҵʮĸǴҳѵ֪Ϊʲôһ𣿡
˫ժ۾ȴԵ۾û˸ͻͻȻʶԼǹƥҹʲô⡣
֮ǰһֱģڸոôһ£Ȼôʧˡ
ǺǣʵõģϾͻʧᵲȥ׷ٻģҹϽŵɫļ򣬡꣬һջҲûУҲʱ뿪ˡ
˵꣬ҹѾõ۾˿û޸ϣҡͷ̾˿ϣ͸ɡ
Ǹ۾ҹһԶĪ˸С
走Ǹˣ
ͻȻʶԼȻô׾ͱһӸˣֱǳ裬̵ĳ裡
뵽ʱȻ𣬳ҹıӰȥ
ûκһ̣ܱһˣַ
һԾʮֵһֱҹĺѡ
һУı˵ͨ˱ˣûҲ϶Ǹˡ
Žżҹֻʣ°ߣһַйĿС
顭
ɾôһʱҹתˣ͵۾һƯĻߣ֮ɵرܹػȻݺĶϡ
ҵĳӡӶˡĸʱһ󷭽ʹ
ҹǰסļ򣺡ģϻԶأҪҰæŪ𣿡
𡭡𡭡ҪǮҶ㡭ʱѾȫԼĳԣֻæġ
ž
һƺݺݳϣʱʺָӡ֡
ЩΪ˲𣬾˵ģҹݺݵ
ʣڱ
ӴͻȻû˹ֿϧġҹƺʶʲôҴһ
æͷһ̬ذͷʱ˵ȥٻˣŶᱻЦɡ
ǻǴӰɣ
ҹҲͬ⣬Ųһȭڶϡ
棬֪ͷܱɱһҪܵöࡣ
٣ҹֻһȭѾͣûнżʵ治ЩүСҲһ£Щݸһ·ղϢҪյġ
Ϣҹʮ˴ʺһ飬ȴ˿Ĳ
Ӳ֪ԼӲҲûҹȭͷӲʵһá
ģ֪ˣԺ֤鷳æ֤ǡǡ飬ܲܲҪ˵
Լҹøһ¶ҪǴ˳ȥǰҹɱˣҲҲˡ
ģ㲻鷳ףǺڰɡ
ҹѾҪ뿪ڰˣ߶ˡ
٣
ҹһ㶣Լͬӿȥֻһӵˣٳ
ϣһˣ۾ðɱҪҪɱ
ҹ˱ߺǺһЦҵı֡
ıҲһÿʱܸоԼĳ֡ĶһϣȻҪȥҧˡ
붼ûͣ٣һڵһҹ˹ȥ
顭
˵ȭͷмײҹȴоһشؿһʱɳȥײڲɫשǽϡ
ߣҹһ㣬ǿŰһѪȥ
֪ˣҫشӵĨһѸոձĿˮҶңҽͿ㵽ǳ˶ĵҺݡ
Сģ
һǰһץ֮䣬ѷɵѾץ
ŵòû˻ҪǰӦ죬Ѿ
뵽ﾹȻĳ嶯
ٻͷҹڶǽһţѾ
ɱҪɱĭЪ˹غš
㡭Щģ£һʲôΣô졣
СӾһˣҽһҪҲҹûʲǫ̂ھȥ
ٷģܲˣ
Ȼûк̨ǰҲһԾñҹٶȳǽ׷ȥ


003б
޲һСУ֮ԳһΪһȫҽѧԺƻ١ȾСԭʼɭְΧʹ޵ĿΪȫǰ֮С
һΧڴƬɽСУ˼أɽ߻ʵԶҲĸӵܸ˼Ű衣
ҹ꣬͵˺ܶ˶ûʶĴڣֻϧһ֮֡
ҹڣȻ޶ȥˣյϢȻҪչ
ֻû뵽ССޣȻҲй֣ôãŬôã˼һȭȫôˡ
һȭˣҲ˵ģ꣬û壿
ͻȻҹͣº˸һ
ܵͦ죬Ӻܲ⣬ԽɽܣԽ졣ţתغһ
ô֪Ҳǹģҹ΢΢һ۾ֱĨһǵѪ
װˣѾֻһ˶ѡǿɵһҹ
˵ôԣȷҪǹܺ׾ͷ֣ҹٺЦţȰӷɡ
۽Ƕһ£⵹û뵽ġ
֮ǰ˵ҹֻһˣ˭֪ǲǹôΪģСӾȻ֪ߵĴڣ˵Ҳûмʶˣʶ߻治һܶûС
ͨ׾ҵҪǹߣûա
߷ĸȼֻĩĻƼڣͬǻƼĹҲһܷ֣οͲ֪Էĵȼ
װõھ㣬ǸصĹ߻᲻㡣ȻģҲڱһ仰͸ŵˡ
֤ķܼ򵥣ֻҪڳȥ֪̾ҹĻģֻ˵ġ
֣ҹͻȻŰ溰һͬʱһѷɵǰл
汻һΪй֪ѾܿɵͬʱֳűҲһơ
ûģһǴˣӰӶûУٻͷʱҹѾˡ
ߣСϷΪܻ𣿡Ȼ֪ûˣȻһͨˣ¸ûߡ
ɵҹֻ˼ͻȻָͣŰ
׳գмһҹȥ
׳վȻѧˣҹҲЦһӣ߰ѾµķɵŰٴȥ
Ĺ򲻴ֻϧһûУң㻹áԲۡ
仰û˵꣬ͻȻͷһȦġҲһȭͷ͸ˣû뵽һȭȻ˳ɰǧֻҰɽ䡣
֪ҹ֮ǰ͵ϮĿľǳҰϵķ䳲
ݰ˹֣ҹһߴЦһ߶ܵûӰţȻرһ¡
һģ߻߳ҹ׷ȥ
ʮӺҹӵ˾·ϣضס˶ԷɽߵΨһ·һģ
ʵ֤Ƥûҡҹָ˶Էȱݡ
Լȥȥᵽʹ࣬Ҳ޲ϰһ
ҹһ۱£ͻȻŵаЦˤһ
ӿʼ֪ˣû뵽ߣһȴģڸһĻᶼС
һˤȥܻţΪԼ˭ȸ֩
ֻôһ񣬾ͿոջһҪȻµļһһԾԼ˹
𣿰Цɲǰװģ֮󣬲ٶһ˱ȲˣӦҲǷǳ֮졣
̧֮䣬ȭͷѾ׼ȷҹؿڡ
ۡ
Ϳ̲סһѪ˰ϡ
ҹõ֡ҲҪһѪ
ǴӮߣ
һȭµɵҹѾ·ƮȥΧķɪȫôǱ˽ֵĵ
үбڴң
¡
ͻȻѿӣһȭͷɫΧ˿˿âˢسҹԴ
Բۣô
ӦҹѾ޴Ĵʹռ塣

ʱҹֻоȫɢ˼һȵǣԼȻû
ϡǵõʱԼǱµģͷ˵ذһΪʡˤʹ࣬˭֪ʱζˤҪʹһٱ
۾ĵһ£µذԼһ飬·΢֮⣬徹Ȼȫõġ
нˣô߶ˣû뵽ôãҹǼǵɽ൱߰ˤʮذ˻صض⡣
Ϸڣ㵱ȻˡһЩ
˭ҹʱѾΧʯ֮⣬һӰûУʹСҲͻȻֵһĶ
ˣŵ֮ǰɫҵ껯
ʲôҹһţѵǴ˵еĽʬ꣬ŶǸᣡ
СӣϷҪ壬Ѿ꣬ȵڣм
ҹҲǣô˵ңлˣ
ǵҲأ㣬˵ѾϼһߵʱЩϷʮŵôױɾģ

ҹɵһ˿֮飬ֻʣһлˣô⣬ǶƤΰ󾳽簡
СӣȻң
漴ҹһۣ񱻸붤һƵġ
㡭ҹ𾪵ͷô֪Լʲôġ
ʲôļҶܿõ˵ѾЩϷ֮⣬Сһ￴йȱȴҪܹߣòոǱĹߴİɣǺǣԭҲҲˡ
㡭㹻ˣҹЩա
ҪôȻȷǻһ⻰ôҲǰοġ
ҲòĶȥˣ˵ңҹؿʼ
ڱ˵һͣ漴ŭϼһ͵Ϯıơ
Ҳһܴùҹܻذ䡣
СӣϵҲеʧ̬ȴֺǺЦСһгرӣǺܺϷθڣ
׽ǲʲôδ˵ԸҰɵģ˲ϲǷ飬˵ҹƲƲ죬ȻδһӦ
Ȼҭһ£Զһ£ȴǳջʵ벻ܹߣߣ
ҹһ㶣漴ϲа취޸ȱĵ
ʱûС
ʲôʱУҹеذעˡʱϣǾζžа취ֻǸʱѡ


004Ĵ
ȱҲʲô˵飬ûеֻҪ㰴ҵĹҲһӵдܹʵ˵ʱ򣬺мֲм
Ͻңҹʵ
ȻлȻûбϼһߣѾ޷ά֣ܿҪɢֻҪѧȻԸһݴСϵʱԵ˼į
ѧѵ⹦Ҳʲôȱݣҹһ
˵ֺ¶û˻ܾοҹֱǲȱһӶû취˵ϵڱ顣ȴ˵Ҫѧ˵涨Ȼ⡣
ͨˣʺܲ˵ֻѵ㣬Ƕ˵ܻʮʹ࣬˵̡
ΪʲôҹԼǲ˼㣿
Ϊȱ
ҹ棬ô¶ˡҪǲȱǹˣõѧ
ˣҹһȭͷ
ûһʹܱȾӲ̡
־ո˵Ļȫķʮ⣬ȻǿʵҲ᲻սļޣ֮ڲܴﵽĻҲߵͷˡߵƽƺ˵һƽ顣
ҹɻ졣
Ҳǹ˵쾳硣ƽ
ҹ￩һ£侳ƣ켶ǿ֮ϲ죬Ǵֻһ˵켶ǿ߶ֻٺ٣οǴ˵е졣
֮ڴﵽ쾳·һˣ
ˣҹȻֻһѾĿ͸ż
ֻҪʵʱ䣬ӦõһУ㹻ˣ
Сӣе˼εЦЦ·Ҳδأƾ־δزͻҪ֪ϷĹɲ˭ġ
ʲôҹʡ
ûС
Ұ㱨֮ģҹ΢΢ˡ
𣿹ܻ˵ɣʵǿˣ㲻ҲȥģЦгɣҪעһҵߣϷʮŵҲߵֱ𴫳ҵֹ
ֹҹһ£һ˲ֻһֹ𣿿˼Ѿʱķչˡ
˼˵Ҹ֣ҹʵ
ȷᱻɵĻһ¡ЦǵĹͬһֻҪԷ㣬Ϊͻת޸ԷͬҪʵǿҲɶԷԼʵ
ҹǶ˶Ȼͷû˵Լʦʲôģô˵Ҳʦͽ֮ʵ
һ£ЩͬߴеģӦԼͬʦֵˣôú˻ҪΣһ⵽Ǹʲôɰ
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˷ѣҹˣǺıӰȻǰͱ˱ӹˣû뵽ҵĹҪ˱ӡ
Կʼ𣿡Ѿ㹻ǿ˿ѾĲµ
ţȻôȲǾͿʼɣ֮ͻ᳹ɢסͻҪ˵ʦУͬŻҪ֮⣬ܻŵɱ֮ٴ֣صĶ
ȥ㵽˶˵ţɱ˶˵ϵҹʱãȻط֣Լ֮ѾĹˡ
ٺ٣ԺȻ֪ˣʼɣܻһСۣ
ȵȣͻȻ뵽һ⣬иãһֲֹÿһʱͻȫ˸ķӸԶã֪֪ʲôҹ֪ͷһˣʱ뵽Լ˵ҪҪ顣
˵ֻкܶп˺Ҳ⣬ˣôȷˡߵƽظ
ҪԵȼ죬Ҵ쾩ҿС֮ٿʼУҹ̼
ҵҪɢˡҲ͸Ρ
ܲټһ£ҹ
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Ĳܣҹеʡ
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޴ʹȫļ͹šһÿһ񾭶Ǳ˽ϵؽʶϣʶϣٽʶϡ
ҹ͵ţƤһôַ˵ĥһʼĴ죬ҹȫǣѿһѪƣһεεѪ˳ƫƫȴԲˡ
ֱһ̣һжʱȫڶȻһУзһʱѾƣǻ˯ȥˡ
ǺǣСӲֻϧҪɢˣ޷ָ㣬ҲգҾٶϷ򵹺뿴Ҵ־Сӣ»ᱻҳɺεģڴ˵һǵ֮ڱȻһɢҲûϢ
ҹĵﲿλȴ۳һɫĹ㣬Ӻҹ֮ǰɫ׹

ʱҹһܣɻͷѵ˸Σ
ǵͷԼһѪۣҹһ£ַ֮ڵĶ۾ȻܿһصĸоܰǶۿһ䵽
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ʱѾЩԼƺһЩؼƵĶֻҪһͿԲ鿴ݡʶʣǴ￴ġ
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սԭΣҹšϵĸ֣ٸн
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ҹЦƺǽһ˼˴ĴУԼһŵ˶⣬⵽ˣ
ףòͷһֱ˵ʦУʦĶ֪ɵֶûʡ
ҹҲЩգôһҲõˣԼ͸¶ʦж͸¶
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ʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҫץʱ䰡
ҹһ뵽̾;ʱȣɻкöأ
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ҽѧԺУ԰ڣλƷŮϽΧ·עӡ
һȻΪҹ鷳ŮٻһȻٻҪѷɫһǻƽħġ
Ůأɰĵ̶Tӽţж̿㣬һ˫Եø޳лϵÿһͶţǡôİ͹֮䣬ԲϸƵƵʿˮǿ۰ľӣǻԾãֱǸŮ
ٻٻ㣬ٹҾҪѧУˣòһΣôɫӭҰŮЦűԹ
⣬ĸҲӭ㣬Ǹ쵰ǱһҲûˣٻõǸ
˭ôӣȻǵٻٻ㣿գգ۾ǵٻٻó
Ҷ챻ˣ㻹Цңٻô˱һ£ϹŶǶˣ˵֣ҪٲһҪҹڼﲻóˡ
ѽôذ֪ٻĸԣҪڼŹ֣׳ʲô¶
ᵽЩٻһԹʼŭؽǰҹȻһ޳ܣͼøҥٻɫǡ
챻ҹӵǿǵ飬Ҳ֪ôմȥϢ˳һڿѾһ֪һС̸
ִŸǲа۵˵ҹȥݿľͺۿһ
ٻҵĳŮִŻĸҪģŮúվֵķ糾Ůһǲҵȶ
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˶£ȻȴǼæڴŶ϶ϸǸ٣ûֽˢ𣿡
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ǸٻʱҲӦ
Ϊʲô˺ӣ㲻˵޼ҵү𣿡֣ոλ˵ҹʱ򻹸үһתôͽ˺ü֣
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Ҳ֪Ϊʲôˣ䣬ڵԽ࣬ΪԽߣҲԽ
սһؼֱӰЩͨɵķʹǿ󡣱еˣ࣬ҹƫƫǷϵֱֻù
ÿһɣͺĥѹǣʹȻһܳܵġҹܴеʱܵʹһٱ¶ľģȻҲ
֮󣬻ûиоӣǶùꨣ֮һͷ˷һ˰ţ棬ȻֶһǮûУֻôѧУˡ
⻻һŰԪСƵ׼õǮһȥҹŤͷˡ
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ոҪڣû뵽ҹһȴˣָٻ˵ǸĻʮӦþ㹻ˡ
ЩûһѪԭһֱû⻹ǸϤּ޳ܣһû䣡
û䣬۸ˣתһȦ˰Сʱ˵ļ۸Ѿʮǵ˶ʮ
ҹ㲻Ҫ̫֣ٻŭˣٻֵʮ򣿡

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ϲ𣿡ȱ𰸣ѾԷƽˣһʣǸһǸɫǣҡһֺųɫǣ
ģ仰Ҫˣһᴷġ
˵ɫϣһԷ˧ƷζķǣҪ˵ųģȫ޸ٱһµģҲֻǸ˷ҹƫƫôӵһĻǰλŮˣֱ޶ûضȥ
ҸʲʶǴҪģؼΪҺ޼ҺܺʡٻɫѾָƽﻹǴһЩ¡
ô˵֮ǰǸǸҹ˵ĶģһжٻĻٽҹеˣһֱˣ
ǺǣٻǿЦЦǲǺɣ
ҡͷͻȻԼͨͥҲһҸ
Ǻǣ߰ɣ㲻ȣңҺȣٻѸղŵĻѾ˺ˬʵЦš
ǵȻܡⲻɣܻΪľٶкãΪԼȡҸķԼȴ֪ǶôЦ
ǰ֣ǴҶû⣬˵û̸üǮ˫˽ЩС̾ͻᱻ÷飬ûзһ
ͺһֻϣھʯѹ֮ǰԼ˫ۣ¸ң˿ɵ˷Ц
ûУڸưɵİٻžţôûУҪǰ첻õĻͱҸˣ
ܿܿ죬С㣬ôҲҪҵʱ䰡æػӦš
ŸոչʮӣɱҲĥĥӰɣ
ٻǺ׾ֲͨ绰ٶȰСӸɵ
ɾҪע⡣ĩּôһ䡣
ҹҲǸˡҪǴͥڱ׷ɱȻδؾܲ鵽ҲٲĲɺ鷳


009´˿Ѫ
ҹ֧Ʊ֣ȫԼп󻹲鿴һܹʮǧࡣ
˸ոմȥʮĻǴһİ˻ϻתģûжǮǴڿʼҲòˡ
ĸ䣬⻰һҲٵģʮ٣ҪΪһߣ涼Ҫʽöû治˵
򵥵ĳԷһ޴Ŀ֧⿴ҹǰţҲܿЩߣֻС˼ҪΪ֣ҪܲʳⶼǴʵǮ֧ġ
𣿵ȻҲܣǸţ˱ĽȿܻϺܶࡣҹڵ޲ܸԼϳȥһѵǮƿ϶ˡ
ţ
ûûиܾ̾ãѾԼ˸ˣһֻһ֯ضмš
޼ңңٻŶһʰҹûʱȥЩСɫ˭ˡ
Ȼ£ֻøЩ˷ʱ䡣뿪ޣһʺϵĻ˳㻹һܲҵĵر¡
Ѹٹչֽ֮ڵһ˵ĺͬɨ״һԾҪǽ
Ӵι
һԾҹһõսĴ֮ȻǲȴѾӣ֮ǰһֱûôùȫûӦȫһԾֱǽͷϡ
һԭ׼ǽĶ˿գӸǱǽͷһ˳ǽһȥ
顭
ҹѾȵĴʩˤһƬ
øЩϤԶƮͦɽϾȻûˤ㡣
ҹѸѾӰվŵˣ׼ǣǵģģšġ
ɫ࣬ûŭҹѾٴοڣУ̫˥ûȥ㣬ȴҪͻţôõķ̬ȣޣҶе˼ˣ
컹ôӲһĲӣ㻹Ӳʲôʱ򡣡Ѿ̹ҹƤӣ֪ǳģֱǰ֡
ֵٶж죿ͬûһ̶𰸵ģһԿ϶ǾǺܿ졣
ֻĹߣҹʱٶȣԱȰ׳̵Ĺھ˶ԱҪ켸֡
һ棬žǶԷȭͷӭ
ϴһҹܣͬҲһȭȥҪӲӲ
Ǹһ˿ЦҹʲôˮƽѾԹһҲǱһȭɵϡ
СҪܣܵ˶л̳е˼ɣϾѾԸ̫ˡ
ƫƫСӽˮ֪򲻹ҪӲƴǲʲô
顭
ȭͷûκλڵײһ
С
üͷݺһ壬ǸСҹĳСӾȻûбɳȥȻֻȵǣԼҲһɴײ
ʲô˼СһûУôͻȻôǳ˴Ľ
ˬһ߶ҹȴǴʹ졣
Ȼõ˴УҲ֪ˣûиĹߴԶҲ֪Լܴܲﵽսʤߵĳ̶ȡ
һȭ֮̾Ĵǣ٣ǰ˿¶ԷֻһĹߣҲ㹻˷ˡ
ˣһȭײ֮ȻɷǵûиоκεĲʣޱȵˬ
ԭӴЩƿصһײ֮󣬾Ȼиںϵøӽܵĸо
ʵҲʲôϡ飬ȫΪõкͻȻһأʹõ̫٣һʵսóӦĹȻͱʮ
ͷҹ˼ѪƵĳŰȥ
ƣľǿѪ
ⳡð˵زȦףҹ˸ţԼ䵥ҪԷˡ
ʧֻһ˲䣬ϾͰѸղ޻ͷ˦
ոֻûģŻᱻСӴˣȭͷһпôҲʼ䣬ѵһҹ֮ɸ֣
ϰοԼԼֻһ⣬ֻҪԵУ϶һȭͰСӴſˡ
顭
ܷʵ̫ôϲˡ
һûκλڵضײһȭָǶۣǸñɵСأûɣҡһ˾Ȼ
ܣеԼղǲûȫϴ΢ʹһҲǼٵİ
ˬᣡҹȻҲȫͬԼ˫ֶЩпˣʲôΪĹߣ
ƼڡңھȻͱ¶ԼΪ
ôͣҹ΢΢üȥԵЩˡ
ʲô˼ҵΪ̫ͣ
ŭˣô̭˵ģٵҲһ߰ͼĹߣҲûбһûеͨôģǿʱ˰ɣ
㣬㹻ˣ֪ôģξȻû˵ɱ㣬ֻ˵ǱʶڵҹѾܱɱˡ
𣿡ҹŶԷһȭͷͣ
ʲô˼ԼͣǾԼѾĶˣԹ⳰Ц
ŭǵûظ˼̨ףǰСӣʵ̫˺ˣֻ仰޲ȥҧڡ
ȭͷһȥŭİȫûȥʲô·ֻһȭһȭӲҡ
顭顭顭
Ҳ֪˶ȭۿҹԽԽ˷ܣȴԽԽľ
ʼʱҪ˼˼ģƽѾˡ
ҹĲĲ
ҹĲ
ҹĲ
ôȥԭҪѹֵİܿҪΪѹһˡ
ô᲻֪ڵĽ࣬ѾܿƵˣеȨѾܵҹҪһ仰ڵ״ֻ̬ǡͣ
ţҪͣҲҹӦа
ֵǣһӲӲսڱѸٵţۿҪ˿ݽߵʱˣô˵ҲеӰɣ
ǿأӰ
Уôĺˣ
顭
ߵİͻȻϲط֣ξȻһûˣȴĲӡ
𣿴Чͷˣ
ţҹǿĳĶʱȻ֪ʲôһͨˣͻȻܸ֮߿⣬ؼЧѾҪʧˡ


010èϷ
ɵñҹ֪֪ʱЧģȻ֪һֶΣʱڰԼɱһǾͳ
һͨˣȻҸӲӲĥʱ䣿Ǳ¿ˣ
һ˲ѾΪ˸ղŵ裬һҪúõĥϷˣһ¶Էúһè׽ϷٰŪȻʵ˲ͷŭ
ҹȴȫûʶԼΣգȴ˵ʲôڻ
򰡣
֪ӱżļһ˵ЩʲôҲû˼ȥܣʱˣ
顭
˻򵥵һȭײҪİȻ֣ȻٴεǵǵһֱĲǿͣ
Ӵôˣξҹ˿ͣһȭ
ĥ׶Էո˵ʲôˣȻʵƷͼԼľȡ


岽ġ
è׽ϷĿʼˣͻȻ֡꣬תˣͻȻһצӰèɵ˵ϣȻ󡭡ʼè
ûı״ǵıʱŸӾȵķ֣ǲӲƴ
ʲôʽ񵲡ܡ͵Ϯʼջǽʵʵҹȭͷײϡ
֮ս״̬ѾӸղŵĸͣ˸㲻ȥ

ҹУһûаնԷԤ˺󣬷˵øԶһƨˤ˵ϡ
ˣҹʶһɨѾʶԷ״̬ˣôô
սĶ̫Ҳûбı˰ɣ
ȴûй˵ȥŭеļ϶Ѹٴӻһźںҩ裬һȥ
𣿡ķŭѾдϵͻȻٵţñȸղҪ˼Ǿȥɣ
ţҹҲ˶Էı仯̶̵ʱ䣬ϵٱҪǿˡ
Լֵ߽ľ黹̫٣ҪȻҲöԷַĻᣬҹ̾š
Ҳõģû˵һҪԷƴʵڴ򲻹ŤͷܣԷҲһ׷
վ𶯣ȻڵģҹʶһɨҪʱһܣȶԷҩ˵Ǵʱȴͣԭûж
ҵҪڵ˭ɲҹĿţһ̾ͳҹȥ
ҩʱ䲻̫ҩЧ֮Ҫż᲻ɲԼʱ䣬ҪǰҩĸɾûаҹŵùĿɾˡ
ٶȿ죬ҹٶҲصͬʱҹҲ뿪ԭء
ಡ
һһޱȣ֮˳ִڳԶ̾չֳҹľƿء
ոһͨսǻһѣЧҲǺԵģոյһĶ֮ǰҹôҲôȷ˳
ܵ𣿡ȴЦһ
Ҫٷ׷ȥԱһ졣
¡
ǽںȻһ޴ͿҲ֪ôʹǽǱ߳˹֮ɵײ˰ϡ
ҲˣȫûзİȻôġһײɣʱѪĽʲô֣ʲôҩ裬䵽ϣѾòˡ
ʧصؿھ޴ĹԴʹ£ֽŴӰ˹ȥײ˶һǽͣ
˵㲻ҪҹԶһۣĬĬȺʧ
ҹûҪɱˣոոֵʱҲûҪɱڰˣҲûʲôΡ
ԷʱɱôҲ⼸Ҳǻ³
ҹһˣҲȣΪһɱˣȥǶ̾һӡ
ӦҵʶҪʶʧ߶ײ᲻һ˵׼ء
εǾ飬ǽѵһֱѰŴܹߵİ취ʵˣҲһҲⲻãЩҲкֶܶΣǸոհµҩ裬ܾܿһ
Ҫױҧһڣҹ뵽仰ʱ򣬵һֳľ
ֻһ֣˵ģˣ
޵үǸˣջǣѾȷرʾٻڸѾҪ뿪ޣԷȻϷŹ
٣涼ѾźˣԷĿζҾԵļƷ
ҹѾ뿪֮ǰҪһݺݵĽѵ·һҾưſڵʱͻȻϤ
ﷴ֣һҹ̾Ͷ˽Ų⻹˭˭˲λ
ҹҲ̾⻹һͻ˰
ŶǺǣ˽ҰСطҲмƷʲôˮְɣһģһ֪Ҳһ٣ʮͣӵǷ棬ֻü΢΢žɫȵİɫ
ҿǰƺ󹧵ӣȻԷĵλҪߺܶࡣ
ȻСŮȴ٣ּƷҲǵһοպûֱרΪ˻׼Ŀθ˰ţҲŮ˴òˡ
Ҫ˵ôãˣ͸һлٵҲܴ󷽵Ц
Ҿ˵Żپٲ˺ôǿɾ̫ллˣ˵ʵͷһοС椶е̲סҪΪҪ˵һľͰˣһ˷ܵòˡ
ٺܿҵ˹ͬ⣬߱߹ЦȻûз˸ǵһ߽Ҿư
˱ơƣѵ˸۵ĽȫȻûһȥעжŮ΢˫ۣʶȫע߽Ǹ
ʶȹ߶ڶԵϵȻҲΪʲôô㲻Ӳȭͷԭˡսʱ֮⣬ʶ֮߷治һķ㡣
һɨ֮䣬ҹ̷֣ԭǸìܵٻҲڰһģ֮ǰѧУǸƯŮ
һ£λδδٻλǱٻıãСǶһ£ŷԼͲ֪λŮء
⡣ٻݺݰһۣȻΪǾδδޡ
ŶŶŮС㣬ҲغǺЦ֪λٵĸԣһҪһʱ§⻹Ҫ§ٻͰԼҲȥˣȴԤǲŻִˣ϶֪Լʲô˼λǽǵμҴԣ٣
٣ٻȻѾЩˣٻǲҴ⣬΢ЦԷ˵ͷ
㣬п˵ĻһȻȥɣⱾΪֻűһŸģھȻǸɫҾȻһʲôү̾Щ


011ŮȾ
ֻǶʡһСУȴԶʡảǵˣȻڲҺ֣ҵ׿Ҿް֮󣬾Ҫμţˡ
μʱҲΪǶ֮ĩС֮ס
ڶʡڵȻЩҺ޼ܱȵ˵ģƽּˣЩСҪͽᶼͽ᲻˻ᣬٻȻҲŹ
ŮһߣҪôҳ̫ˣҪôʱ̫ԣԻ뿪ȽϺãÿĵҵģ仰Цȴ̾վˡ
٣ôУ˵õҺͱٻҪúдġæҲ
ףҲӣͿոҲ֪ԲߡҲ̫ˮ飬崿ģûм˿ܲġ
٣ով˵ЦģǺòлдһΡٻҲվԴʹ˸ɫʾһߡ
ǸǺðɡ鱾ܵĲϲǱ㶼Ѿô˵ˣִҪߣǵԵúѿ㲻ûӰ˱飬ǿɾͲ̫ˡ
Ǻǣͺã㿴ǺȵʲôЦʵ
ʿ˸ǫõĶŮڣȻŮΪ
Ǳٻ˵ɣٻ
ﻹʣ˺öأǻɡٻָָʣµľƱ
ơƣǺȲ߰ɣװε˾䡣
ơƵĻȻ⣬ԵЩԥŮʲôõĽ𣿡
ҴȾƵģҲ֪Ϊʲôܾٱֿʿÿ۾һֱ̾ɫǿӵоǴʱҲֻǿЦЦӦǺȰɣùңֻһ±ġ
ǲɣ˵Ҿưһ͵ĺƣζͦǾһ𳢳ʰɡԲ
ǺãҾͿ㣬ˡҲϹĿɲǺȾƣôţǾˡ
Ǻãȥƣġ˰ᣬתߺԻͷϸһ˿аЦֱŲ̋ȥ
˭Ц⣬Ҳܲ³ǲ⣬οҹȫ̶ǸٵĶԻȻ֪ҪԸӦþǸٻһˡ
Ů˵ҹеøеģ˳Ư˵ٻΪı㣬϶˵˲ԼĻŮʱǮһͼٻǰ˵û
Ȼҹȥû飬󻹰λŮҲˣȴǼŮòٱٻɰˡ
кøеĴŮҪ˿ӺȻţο˻Ǹ
Ȼ͵˾ƣԶ˻ȥߵ˵Ľҿһûע⣬ѸٵشӻһСƿӣƿƿµָôţһЩ֪ʲôȻǱƻ˻Σһ£û˿֮󣬲Ķ߻˰ᡣ
ĺܲڸоһģζҲܴٿһҪţٻŮҲɡ˵߲գգۣȻְѾƱ浽˸Եǰ
ҹüë˶ѾŰȥ
˼ǺȰɣҴȾƵġԴЩǸ˵
ôɨ˰ɣĶвһƵģ㿴ٻȣҶѣֲ棬ȵҲûйϵģ˵ֻһƣٺȵͲܺھȰ˵ţҪǶԷһڶȣҩƲͰ׼
ԣֺʺŮӺȣյġҲԱ߶΢ЦŰǻϵġҡ
ҶԾƾԴСʲôƶܺȡ⻹ǺܱǸ˵
ҲˣĿתٻƺ֤һ¡
ţȷģ㿴Ҷô࣬⻹һ㶼մٻͷ֤ԾƾˣһϾͻƬĺߣ˵˻ΣյģԻǺȰɣùˡ
ǾˡֻΣҲˡ
ҪǸдҲˣҪȵƣŪһĺߣƾҩЧҲȤûˡ
ҪΪȵư˸ˣǳԲⷴһȣ뵽ЩԵҲˡ
ǺǡҹһĻһصλϡ
ɲһֵĺõط˶ӣϵļأʲôطиͷʲôģֻҪûΣգܲﶯ֣;֡
Ǽ˺ȾƣŮһֱ￴ҲǸ¶ȥеϺȡûӣٴڵؽ
ӦԼܳȥ׼ˡ
иϻҪԼܳȥٻ԰һۣš
ﶼнзİťֻҪһ£̾ͻзԱѯʣȻ֪ܲȴҪܳȥУʵе
ٻʱעҲûϣһֱͼǰܶϻ˿μҵĴүܸùϵҵĵλ϶̾ˮǴߣе˳ܸμʲôĻԼ޼ҵҲˡ
ֻϧôŬƺû̸£ȻԼ˵ҲӦԶڷܡ
ٻҲЩΣҲǣҪô׾ܴμߣ϶ͲܸԼʶˣǿˣδؾͶ޼кô
ڽҹȴ̾һǷҪ¶ˣǸ˵ֶ֮ڰҩء
˧磬Һһ𣿡ҹҪʱһǰ͹̵ŮߣϸָһŮʿ̣΢΢³˵ҹϣҿҲһˣҲġ
ҹɨ˶ԷһۣȻվҲģҲһˣҵѶǱ߶İԣټ
ЩưоУڨİöԷͣǱͿһǰһȻǰҹİ׵ԩͷˡ
ҹȲûĲҲǿûеŮ˾߲·ɫһȻʹ
ι˧磬ѵͲҺһ𣿡ŮҲ˳վȻһĹûҪôͷ
ơƿ𣿡ҹԷסԼȥ·ʵ
ðɣ㳤ô˧ơҲˡŮ΢΢һЦȷЩ˵ķ顣
СµľβˣֻҪϹᱻµơƿٳԸ̶ƣʵڲУͬһṥƣ򵥡
ŮôǰЩСѹθļֵֻԷϵһơƣ˹˺һĨ˰ϵơĭˡһǰ
ȣҹѶԷһͷҲصˡ
㡭Ů춼ˣ˼ò٣ô⻹ͷһء
ҹûֻôһʱ䣬ȻͷѾ˹֭Ѿ赹ٲȥɾˡ


012һȥ
ʲôȵʲôٻűֻǺڹ֭ͺһ̵ɳϣ᲻֪˶ֽš
֭ͷβһֶģֽŵ˳ȻûбĿˡ
ٻżֻһССЦɹɵغٺЦˡ
ЦٻѾŭֻȴǻߣЦΪҲ֪ʲôԽһͷ
ٻҿˣոѾӵϵĵ绰ǵĻѾˣҲҵδˣôھ͵ȥŮˣοǻٿ⣬ĸһܻ˵ܰѻٸ̺ˣʱҿɶкô
٣ٻɫ
Ӧ뵽ҪˣʲôУҲᵱԵ棬˼ƻõġ
ܶСУҲҸа壬źμҵʱȴһҲûС
˵òĺϲģǲģԺʲô龡ңϣϣһǵչġЦվŴʱɳϵִ˴ͳȥ
٣طɲ̫ʣŮ˯ŵģҲ˵ϲҰսҴȥ徲ĵطʱŮҲˣιԵҩٺ١ȥ˵
ǺǣȻϵҲûɣһ˶Է˼
ȷŮ˯ȥǺܷ㣬ȤԭֻҪȥŻҩ׼úܳ
ڵӣȥȶ˲࣬ھưɺǱ˷ųȥҲκ˵ĻɡҪֱŮҩطеעˡ
Ӻ⣬Щ¶ȥˡ
ٱǶ¶˵ּƷҿǴûл᳢ٲǻ٣һӶĵƨ
Уٻڶݵش֮ɫмֲ԰ף٣ܷܲŹ⣬ˣ
ٻⲻɨٵ𣿡Щ
Եû˵ֻɫҲ䵭ͲмȻǶٻʱıֺܲ⣬ҪŮ˿ʼֻҪǿϵŮˣûĸòġ
٣ٻҧҧƺ˸ʲôѵľСĻҡ㣡
⻰˵Լо˾ȡȻϲⷽȴԲһŵŮǸǧҹ֮⣬ûһ˵õǡ
ͬʱ⻰ҲܵĿɬʲôͿҵŮѡ˵ȨûУȻǸԻһΣʲôֱ𣬷
Ǻǡ
ԵҲٻĻ˵ǰһò˵ٻԸŮͣ˵Ҳ൱ջҪǰŮһŵǹ⡭
ǻֱ̫붼Ѫš
㡭ŮˣǱ߶۷Ź⣬ɰˣûа취ȥԣָֻٻ
Ů˴ǰôûпôСֶԼһ£ôҾҪ̸øԼˣȴͰ͵صԼ棬ҪԼ͸ȥƷǸ˶ܲˡ
δ޺ܲԺһһȤŮˣļ򣬡ģ˵޲Ȼδޣҽǲġ
л٣л٣һĲҪθٴһŻûнžѾŪ˶̧Ĵñӣ뵽޲ܵٻǹˣݺһ
ֻҲֻ룬ٻûн޼֮ǰ治
պԹл᳢ζҲǸѡ񣬺Ǻǣ㲻ɣŮԱЦļĿٻµĸʵͰ֮Űشš
ɫһ£ҵػشţҲû˵ǲԸ⣬ǲ⡣
Բոڣôԣʮ˴ڶһ顣
ڲԵ˼ո˵ľǡ족ٻǸСܡһӣôô
һٸҪԣҲ̲ԼŮ˱˵ţƫƫδŮ˵˻ǲǸı
߰ɣҶѾеȲŮıˡ˵ߡ
٣ٻȥȴԷ͵˦ɳϡ
Ժôʰ㣡ϵ⣬ݺݵسٻ
ǰûãȻҪ뾡һа취׷ٻҼѾ˵ˣҲûбҪЩľٶ
ٻ֣Ҳı䣬ֻٻ֮ôŮˣļ¡
⡭⡭ٻֲţæ绰
绰ͨˣ֮ʧذֻӵ˵ϡ
Զ̬ȺԣΪһȥʡǵδ٣ôˣ͵ʲôҲûз
ٻ۾ģˣҲһ˼˵ⱻˣ±ߵԼҲȥܡ
ظϹȥţϿ֮߳ȥʶԷǲǾˣ̺õλλ
ߣſڴһߡ
ٻãȻ̧ͷ񿴵һϤӰǡҹ
ҹȾ⣬ƺҵ˾һٻæȥץҹ֡
벻Լıöҹ䣬һ˿ŭֻһ£ٰʶɨʱ򣬾ͷѾҪ˴ˡ
ٻŮӳȻĳʵ̫ݣѱôֻ٣ûдʲô⡣
ҹƽһˣǾǺԼ˺ѵˣǰŮӣȻڴС
ǵģġٻæ͡
ȥıýͰɣҹݺ˦Է֣ͳ׷ȥ

٣㿴طô˺ܾòҵģɽеӣŮһţҪʲôԾױһ˵š
ţ£ҷģŮŪѣҶѾȲˡȲ˵
ŵ̺õĵϣһСҩ裬ŵ˶Էҩ֮ͻữѵʱܾѾˡ
һУƿˮϡ
Ǹ˯ҩʱյøոպãֻٳ˺ҩ֮ҩãͨ죬߽ž˹ֲȥԼڣȳ޳䶯ĦţҲƵƵʿˮ
٣һرһ¡Ҳǲ뿴ֻ¿˻
ûرˣ࣬һȥɣ


013޷ѵŮ
ͻأֵԶһ
ҲˣԿǹߣȻֻǻƼŵĹߣô˵ҲͨҪǿˡ
ոʲôûвҹȴ߳ˡ
ʲôˣüͷʵ
ҹʱﵹҲû˸ղŵĺ£Ϊſڲϣû˿ĲҲ˵Էֻһͨˡ
ǹߣҪԸͨ˶£ǻë
ֵôͻȻȻ㲻ϻɽҰ룬һôҲרΪŻѡ
Ҫ˵רŸģһ·ҲûмгӸǣͽҪĹֻܣһͨĶôٶȡ
ĶĴ֪˭޼ҵĶүҪⶼû˵ȥҵ˴ûк³ĵͷߣŲСĶðģֻҪħҲøŵֳԭ͹үŮˣõʱ򲻸ƽϣ֮ڴҵǰʧȻȫҶᣡ
ҹŵ⿴һֻۣŮֲֻͣʱ˺·﷢˶޷԰εԵҩѾ
ոһ·񱼣ǵױȲֻʶ֮ϵس·ҺûиֻǿӣҪһŮѾˡ
ҹʲô޼Ҷٻ޼Ҵ٣þ㣡ҹһ˦ȥʵʵӡϡ
һƴúأӶ÷Ѹٵ׳ָߣǷͷһ
㡭֪˭𣿡ͻȻɴ۾Ƿʲôҹԭ㣬ţӲŪͲ
ҹһѾˣû뵽ϳٳһ׶Էϳõ·ʱûüȥû뵽ͳ
ҹûˣϵҲԲˣӿϵŮˣҲӽŪ㣡
ҹ֪ٵȣȻأѾϳݣ˹ҪǰԼݸй¶ȥǿҲǸ鷳
پңһǷӣңɲҸҹŸɣ֪ٸһҲǹߣ𰢸Ҫ
Сӣ֪˭𣿡Դݵվģǰ档
ȫһУվҪ߱˭Ϊˣ˵֮⣬ʲôˣҹǰȥ
٣СӽҹҽѧУѧǹߣֺæԵ󣬰ҹķʼ򵥽ţҪСİ
⻰ѣΪָӰһϣַֻʽѶԷÿˣ
ȻҾ㿴ͨ˹֮
Իû˵꣬ҹһѾ˦ϣæӱ۵סǾ޴Ǵֱһϡ
һưԳ״ˣô£ԼǻƼڵĹ߰ǸոմһҲܱһͨ˸
ŭ˻һȻģʱģеŮˣֻŰǰɶ˸ɱˡ
μҵĴүμδļ̳ˣͬʱԼĹ츳ҲţΪʼڣֻ˶̶Ѿ˻ƼڣȻֻǸոմﵽܶСӵܶҪö࣬쾹Ȼøһûеͨ˸ˣ
ŲһѾȥȭͷҲͬҹϴȥ
ž
ҹʽ򵥵ңİƣȻһȭ˶Է°ϡʶĸӦ֮£ȭͷ켣Ӳҹĸ֪ǿ쵽Ӧôܣ
ꡭ
ԾǲȥҲ֪Լ°͹ǱˣʱѾ˵ŭûа취ȥй
ҹϴΰĽѵҲûҪԻ͵Ļᣬһе֣ȭѾϡ
ꡭ
죬һǴԲϷġһԳ̱˵ϣҲһˡ
ֵشһû뵽Իᱻɱû뵽ҹȻĸɱˣͨһڵϣɱңɱңҹҪǮ˵
Ϊ޼ҵĶүҲûֻǰֻҪһ˺ףǴûһЩӸŪҲס
ǮҶһ򡭡һǧļ뻹ûü̧¸ߣѾϡ
ΪۺܸߣʵʱһĲֵҹһ˦ʬ˦ԶȻƽϢһԼĺ
Ȼ˶ʲô࣬ƽһɱˣһɱҹҲЩţϾֻϴϴ־ûˡ
šȡ
ҹﻹûдѾԽԽϵĶǱ֮ǰ࣬һʵĽ˶װȻС椶˺˼ӣ˿ֶ¶˳
ˣ⻹ȥϵسţۿһ·ҪԼǵ۽׵ļӸҵķ϶͸޴֣˹ͷҪⳡʵǻ˼㡣
ҩôҹǰֻڵӰС˵ҩʧǣû뵽ȻֶҲ֪˵ҩ˶ˣ
˲̫࣬ҹæӳƿˮ嵽ǰҪˮѡ
ոհƿӴ򿪣⣬ƺһҵԼҪĶȻ˵ҹĻ壬⻹ڷѰҹ촽һĲϣ˲ҪʧصĸоҲ˷Ӧ
⣬ѡҹƿԷ
ѸٴƿǣԷٴʱһƿˮϡ
ˮһܣ˲ͣƺָһ
㡭ָŽߣеŤеϤ
ûˡҹ΢΢ӣҪԷһ
ҡԺĻû˵Ѿ±ãͻȻסҹͷ۵촽
ڣҹ˵һ
ĳǸٻֻǵΪٻۣﶼǽѵԷͷȫûŮ֮ܣҹʱûио׸ûʲô
ǵǵǿףŮһŵϣԷȥѸپȼҲذѶԷס
屻ӵסƺǺһԵˣ˫Ѿʼ̽ҹ·ڴŸĽӴ


014°·ɱĸ
ϣǲϣһ⣡
껹һغܼȵ⣡
Ҫҹ־ᶨΪһѾ꣬ȴûоܹǿҴ̼СУҪᡰħצˡ
ԺºȦףû뵽޵ĳɹŸͷƫɵ
ˣҲԼĴɣôһŮԼ·ץ»Ҳֲס˵ӣԼˣ˵ǰ
СĻѸٵۿҪûʣһ˿ʱҹ͵غݺҧԼ⣬̵˸飬ͬʱһľ
ⱻһĵ˹ȥڲôˮһϣҹһµسԶĵطڵشŴ
װŵŮҪô̫ˡҹЦ
ƽһϢ¸ϣѾͷ·챻˺һһˣ˵ôţҲǶ˵һĥ
ǶϷ𣿡ȻҹüëһһڰӰ
һֱڰ˶һǼȻ˷ˣҲ˳ûҪ·˼
үߣһʮˣæǰ档
ãһѣߵǰǲԸ㣬ҲˣҪ֣Ͳȵˣ෴ҵ㡣
ңҹЦˣõ𣿡
ҹ㲻Ϊ޼˶һ˭ɱԼҵĶӶ鲻ɣ֮䱾йڣ޼ֻҪԶֶΣܲ鵽ϣҲЦЦûʲô⣬Ů޼˻Ź
ҲϤҹոշһľ
ϵĺڲΪոͲ֪ĶȥˣܽгԼ֣˵ͷͷǵ˵ֻ֪һֶѡ
𼤶ҽнԶ֪ҵûϵ֪ǽ˾ˣǴˣҸ޼ҵĹϵӦҲ뵽ԶҹûʲôҲ˵ֱҹ߹ȥ˵ĵ˾ѣӦúܷңԲŽҶԸ㡣
ҡҹ߶һ¡
ǵǲ壬Ҹ޼ʵֵģϺܶغϣ˵ҲһҲš
ƾУ꿪ʼѾʼơ
ҹȻ̫ģޣЩҪϢǻ˽һµģɲֻǴǸֻ֪ͼݵӡ
޼ҵĶүˣǾǰ޶׶죬ҲҪָολǣ˺μҵδ٣ǲΪҲҪμһʱ֪Ϊ˾Ůˣǵ³֪ԶһŻ˵ʱ·Ůץסֻ֮ٲҡ
˵öԣҹͷȻװһȥߵĽԶĶùȥһѱԷס˺ô֪ҲɱˣȻϴһ·
ҡҡԶﰵп࣬ɫͨ죬ˡ
ûǺҲʱеͨҪĻɾͲҴˣ
˽үȻ뿪Ҳһ֪ҹΣգС̫죬Զ̫ס
㲻ҪүˣҹŤͷһۣԿ컹ҿ죿
㡭˲ԣٿ죬Ҳܿҹ֡
ոǿúСӿͨˣǺȻƼڵԻҪ͡
𿴽ԶҲǸƼڵĹߣҹֻҪָͷһ£Сûˡ
ӦáǸɱ˵ˡԶоһ㣬Ҳ̾ͻȻˡ
ҹѽԶһס̾һпô̫ˣ
ԶŻʹĲӣмεصͷ
ͬ⣬˭ͬҧ˭
СӣΪԣѾ޵ˣֻǸոսƼڵĹ߶ѣҽƼѾʮ꣬Ҫƴʱ㲻һҵĶ֣ƺҹٷһΣǰԷԤ롣
ԭǼһѾǻƼˣҲôѵҵΪˣҹɻôʮ궼ûƼڣ
ȿȡ
ϵıһСǳĴ̼ɣԼΪС˼ɣû뷴ˡ
ҹﵹû룬ֻԼΪҪô㡣
սΪ֣һѾֳ˾ŶÿһΪһݵľ޴ڵ״̬һûУսӦһ붦һ붦ĳڡ
Ҳ˵սŵľ磬ӵõǸ˵Ĵ֮Ѿ붦ˣƽ侳Ļֲ֪Ҫôȥ
ԭΪ붦ڶӦľǹ߻ƼأǸոմѾǻƼˣоҲû̫붦ںߵĻƼڸܶԵȵġ
ҹǻ̸̸ô°ɡԶѵ
ԭ¶ֻҪɽۻͿˣıˡ
˵ɣôңҹҲֱӵʾԷ뷨˵
ԶеεĿһҪ˵ãһǱϾ˫ģѻ˵ôͦġ
Ҫ뱣סŮô߻ȥɲУ޼Ϊ˳Ҳ˳ֻѾңԵ֣ûֻЩ˵ĹϵҲ޼ҲãμҲãٰص㣬˵¶ѹ
Զһ˿һ۵طţ˵úܺҹͺˡ
Ѿˣ㲻ʱڴɣ˵ЩʱҹɫѾЩˡ
˼ֻǶ˵û˵ҪôԶæͣȻôһŮܵһЩӰ죬ͱסˣҪȻĻһӶزصĻţѲ޼ҵһͨʱĻ
ô˵ҹҲΪˣԶ治ôǺЧġ
޼˵ӣǾ֪ǿŮɣ˺ˣҲһԹͷȥ˵Ļ˰ĥ
Զ˵ķӣȻһЩ뿪ĵ֮󣬱Ҳ֪ĹȥҲûܵʲôʵʵ˺ЩȥȫԼˡ


015¹Ȼ
ðɣⶫôţ϶Ҫеö࣬Ǿ㿴Űɡҹһûٸֻ¶Ŀ⣬ýԶҲе񺮡
ʵԶȻҲ֮һǱ˵Ҫ˲֪ٱҲҹûԸԭ֮һ
İɣһЩŵõˮ©֤һҵܺߡԶȻҲûȥԼΪˣ¸ǰλ˵
׼ôңû˵ءҹʵ
˵٣ҳǿɶкôͱ˵׼˰ɣԶЩ
Ȼ⣬ԽҾкôﵹûпҹĴ㡣
ðɺðɣ׼ôʹңҹܿػ˸˵
Զ˸£ҪǸŮ˵Ҳˣɱ˵ôʹáֱ˵һصļƤ
ˣǱƽ˰ɣʡиĲ
ʵܼ򵥣Ҫת޼˵ߣͲȥ飬ȻǺ׾ͻ֪ҹҲУʱ϶ٲ鷳Զıֻһˣ޼鷳޼֪ǵˣ˲ɱҪ޼һѵ֣Щ²ɣ
ҹҲ˽Զôģ޷ԼһżȻ·޵İ֣Ҹȥ޼ҴһͨȻʧĿľ޼֪ظɱģиĿꡣ
ôҪľͻ׷ǴĶģֳĶȥˣȥϲ鵽˭ɱһˣ˵һߵĺð취
޼Ҷʲô֣ҹôʣȻѾܽԶˡ
мҲֻǻƼڹߣ˵ѶԸ޼һƼ۷ǿߣڲУԷģǻмţֻҪһлĶǻ֪ͨ㣬档Զ
ôǻ֪ͨңȥҹϷʵЦš
Զͷ
⻹Ǹ⣬Ȼ˵濴һսߣ˭ó¶ʵҹͷΪԶǳ⣬ͣҲ϶֡
ҹ޼鷳жգ˵Ҳ뵽Ϊ޵һֻϻ۸Żʲô
¿ǰҹʵ߿϶ǽң˵ҹҲһΪ
ȻˣʱҹҲã޼ҲãǶûʲôʧ
ҹѽҸ˵Ҳûʲôã˶֪Һ޼ͷ˵˵һԽëӰ죿
ֻ˵ҵƷ֤ңͶһѣٱֱҪǿöࡣԶûа취ֻÿտ˵׻ˡ
ȻҿƷҲôǻеġҹصͷ취ȰѾͷסˣгһոʵһǽҳΪ޵һ塣
ȶлˣԶЦõػӦţʱûһΪʲôĵĸоأ

޼ҡ
֣ˣˣĴɣһͼҴҵܵ޶鷿
ʲô鼱ǲܵ洳ˣ޶Ѿϰˡ
ӱǱҲǻ࿴˳ֻۣҪһ˵ˣ϶һ洳ʲôӡ
ǡ漱ˣɱˣҲһɱˣովִĵ绰
ʲô޶һʱҲǷԣҹҹǼȴ磬̫ȴŮ˶ѾҪľˣ˭ɵģ˭ɵģ
ڻ֪ǾǱߵϢ˵ͻһĻиŮŮûǱ˸ˣĿǰ˻ڻԵУӦǱιҩһҪȵŮ֮󣬲֪ࡣҲüͷ
飬Ҷеȥ飬ҪǸɱҶӵĻ뵰޶ֱҪݸҧˡ
Ů֪֮ࣿƨ
ԼĶܲһҰ⣬һҩŮ˵һжӵݵġ
ţ¶ʱ©ڷ磬˵ǻúдԡ
ҲǸ٣Ҫúдʲôǲ¶Ͼµ̫ĳ롣
Ǹɱ֣ǳøˣô˳ذҲһɵ֪ҲǸ֡
ԴǸҩڷеŮ˿У֪ʲôࣿ˵ǿˣ޵ľԼĶӣﲻ֪мǸɱ֣ܰ˵
˵˵ȥ¶ǿסģֻԼȥ顣ұ֤ĶǳȸҲ¡
׾͵õֵĵطǵͺưɣҵʱһĻѾ̶ãֻһʽٻ
޶õϢ֮̾ȥ޼ңѯٻھưûһЩˣʲôİˣȥӽġ
ٻʧǣȥҲܵʲôһﲻͣصظĻ˵Լ˱õȵȣ֮⣬ʲôһҡͷ
޶ûеõԼҪϢٻ֪һЩʲôϿڣҲǿȣϾ޼ҵĳŮͨôԸԡ
Զ޶ڵãͣŵȻûгɹ֮ǰ˵ĺǲģſġڲֵ飬ҲӦŮԺһЩˣ԰ʡ
޶Ҳ֪⻰ж٣ҲûȥƽЩҲûָٻ˵̾ˣȥͺưɣ¼񿴡
޼ʲôưɵϰһĶҲǿһľͷһɵˡ
ô֪˽ҹҲ⼸촫ٻһԶһ
˲ȥ˵ͺưɣǴǸܺŮ֮󣬻˰ᣬٻ֮仹һ졣
Ȼ⣬Ҳ飬ҹĶκθӵйصˣŹ
ˣҲܿϢأǲĽȴʧ
Ǹҹѧ˵ǽ޼һǮӦٻϾϵ֮󣬵ҹͳ˻뿪ޣܲ鵽Ʊļ¼Ҳ˵ҹڻվ
ʱ䣬ҹҲ˵ҹӾư뿪֮󣬾ȥ˻վûȥɱĻᡣ
ǡ
޶ҲϺ꣬̾뵽ҹǴҪɱǺܿһе׼һʱεĳƱԼûϳĳûעʱǱ֡
ˣҹ͵͵Ҳ֪ȥĶɱаܵɽҰȥ¶ɲٸ˭к֪ͨһġ
Ų飡޶һӡ
㲻ôȥ쾩ôҵҪ㵽ǲ쾩ˣ
ϸԸһ˴Ҵææ˽ˣֳˡ


016¸Ǯаͣ
нĻɫ٣ϵĻƸոֻΪﲻģԵϵ˲̫࣬ԵЩ塣
һ⳵ͣڸɫ˶װŰ޳ߵ·˸ǰԷţ굽˳һϡ
ȥĶ˾һ߰¼Ƽһ߶ʵ˳㻹һ۶ԷߣǶ߹˵İ
аɣûŵ㣿ҹԷǺ򶨡
Ҳֶ˵ĹߣҲЩСᣬҪʲôʥڣߵıöࡣ˾Ǹ̸ܽˣʱͰԭ˵ˡ
ҹŻȻֲߴϣ·˿Ҳ֣ԭʥڣܶ˶ڴأã¶һתͷ˭Ҳʶ˭ˡ
ʵҲǳһǵһǣϴŪ˿ڲ棬һӾͱϳò·Լ˸ߣԼʶԼˡ
Ҳ۰ǸԶȻҲû˵
ƽԶ֪ԼԭҲ޵棬ⱲӻΪ߱˸̿Ŷʱ򣬾ϸҲ벻
˵иʼҾƵģɺҲҲҹֱӴãȻҶ޼ҵ鷳ʹӾƵ꿪ʼˣԱ˵
ԣʼҾƵĲ˿ǳĺóԣ㲻Ǳ˰˾һϲؿֻ˳ƴ˰ѷѾڼôԶˡ
šҹӦһҲûƶԷС
Ǻãһ˳Բ𰡣̫󣬷ǳԲ𡣡˾ֺǺǵ·һ߶ҹŷɢע
ʲôǮ˵׬ҹΪȻ˵ֲһǮȥ԰͡
ôۡ˾ո޶ԷһˬֱӱЦˣС̫ˣЦ˵д⡣
ȥ԰͡ҹȷ档
š˾ǿЦ⣬һ֪ǰ⵱˸Цǿ޼ҵĵ̶Ҹ˵˭ҲҪ޼ˣȻɾд鷳ˣ
ʲô鷳ģҰ޼ҵĶүɱˣҲûʲô鷳ҹָָԼߣûһٴȥԶٰͣٵ޼ȥһͨǰ޼ҸŪüȮɡ
˾ỵ̂һͨЦ̫ˣȥȥԣһҸһȥѾİͣ˵ΪʲôҪɱ޼ҵĶү
ɽ˽ҪͷСӸһ˴˸椹ȥ£ҵͻƸˣһ֮¾ѵһ񣬡ҹһֽ˵һǸ椶̫ôƯˣȻͷˣһֻ˵ܲɱ˵ɱɱ
ãðײ˶ˣ̫ˣ˾ЦҲЩֵܰʲôܵɽȥɱ޼ҵĶү·ٵǲűץ𣿡
˵ҲҹǷһ£ȴֽ͵ɽаţаŰ޳Ϊ޼ҵץң̫Цˣһȷʮ˲ڻ£ΪҸʲôˣҪ޼ҳԣԺôöаŸǰˣţƣȻĻһɱһ޼жٶӡ
ֵܣ㲻ȥдС˵磬涼еˡ˾ᶼҪЦˣǱ˵߰ѳ·ߣһָǰ˵ˣǰǻʼҾƵ꣬һһ飬лл
ԵĨɣҹʵ
ɣ˾װ󷽡
ҹʮ飬˵ˡתͳȥ
˾ոһһǮʱɵˣЦҲǿˣĨĨһмǸɣ
ô֮æͳȥҹĸ첲ץסֵܣЦɲô
ЦҲС޶һˡҹתͷ˦һۡ
ǡ˾û뵽˿ˣˣһʱеÿɴһӣҲҸ˵⳵пҲϼŵĹ˾ˣ
ȻܿԼ˶Զ·϶Ҳ֪޼ڱصӰôˣб㲻ԣʵڲСһ
ôŰɣҹһ£ҳǮĳһҹһǧղŵĳҲ棬ɲɣ
˾һǺ¶ҹϹȥôһ̨£ǽһ䣺ܳ;ɣ
Ҫǰʲôɽҹģɲұ֤Է᲻ˡ
ȥϼЩóԵĺĶתһ飬ҹǺЦ˵ĳԵͳͳ㻨Ǯô
Ǹã˾һ۾ˣ֪Ͳôˣô͡
˵˵޼ҶЩֺ׬ǮĲҵҹ˸ָԣȸȥʼҾƵԷ۰
ϣ˾һϾˣϽѳͣλƨƨ۶ҹȥ
˵ģϻʼҾƵԶٷǲѶ
˺ˣϸû׼һȥ޼Щֲҵȥ䣬ܸſָߵ磬˵С椶һҪǧ飬ҪǰҲϣ۹
λ˾˷УһӵĲʽѾҪ䣬һ¸ոոҹ֮ΣһԷ񲻼ǵǻ¶һֻһͺȣҲٿ˦ӣԴ
Сʱȥ˾ѾŵóԲ¶ֻܿӲ˸̾˵Ķĺóԣ
һҹǱ߶ȴڲסæţȽֵǣ˳ԷʱȻҲǸ޳ߣһҲӱŤ
һԷٶǽһ찡ʲôһ͵Ȼ͵˽һ׽֮Ѿ˶
ԷٶȵСӵķϱĲֻԵķ֮һѾԵƣɿǰλȴԵء
ⲻݺϸذҹһ飬뿴ⷹ˶ǳԵʲôطȥˡ
ڣٹ˰Сʱ֮ҹǰѿһģˣȥһĵطƼһ¡
ȥʼҹܻɣ˾Щڴ˵һ񣬵θߣ˵ŮҲ㣬Ҳ
ţҹһӣȾͳˡ
û߶ԶзҴææܹԲոòͷһǧԪȽһ˰ɣ
ˣҹվǶЦЦ߶ԷҲ԰͵ģʲôˣˣа𣿡
ҲģûпƣҲǴû˸ڻʼҷԹͣһʱŪԺˡ
ǸСϰ尡ͱ˼ҿЦˡ˾æǰԲ
үүǻʼҾƵ꣬һ˼ҵˣıڹһһָͷҲܰ


017 а
Цˣҹ˾ߣ˳ִԱ߶˸ƿ֮£Ŵĵȥ

Ʊ֮󣬵ƾ߶ʱһصˮҲ漴һ
ʼҾƵǳɣװҲǾݻҹһƿҳȥǰ鶼ûˡ
ɵˣҹĳ˾Ҳɵˣͬʱҹո˵һʡͣ
ǳ⳵˾Ѿǵһҹô˵ˣ֮ǰЦǿڵĳֱòˣ
ⲻǰͣѾְ©ĸоˣӦħͣҪģҪģ
ˣڷӦⲻ԰ͣȻҳˣؼԿ϶ⲻԼΡ
ܴǰûзؿ˼ңһؿŰɡ
߽˵ĹѾȥͼ
ҵ£ҲʶҲʶ˾ˣҪǰ޼ҸˣС޻ƨ
ˣΪǻ𣿡ҹȴһͣ첽ߡ
·ֻҪץĶҹŵĶϸλõĵȥѾƵڸҲȥ
ſңҲʶ㡭˾ɲҹ˵ģֻҪԶһ
ץ˵ĹѾдȺıܹڷָ£ҹΧ
ҹץıҲŲæһΣǽӽˣһʱץס˦˳ȥ̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿˤڴĸ
ˤõǲأҲû˵ǶʱҪץˣҲǰ첻ˡ
ͳˣߣҹѾ˾ͳӷȥһĺС
ϴҰɣҲҪǮˣ߰ɡ˾֪޳ߵжֲúǮΪһǧΪռˣȥˡ
ǻȥһأҹߴţող˵ǸʲôţʼҹܻǰɣȥǶˣһҷ񫣡
˾ûһƨϣһʼҾƵûಡȥ޼ҵҹܻᣬǲ˻ôţ
ѾһˣҲںһңΪ㲻ȥҹ˵
ǡҵģûϵ
ҪҲֻ㣬ҡ
ΪΪʲô˾ɵˣʵ
ҹܼ򵥵ָָԼߣΪҲң
ͨ
˾ˣҲվûˣ޶֪ô޷
ŹҰɣҴˣҲúǮŻ㣬޳һ·һǳɵˡ
˵޼Ҳ޳ԼûпһﳤʲôӣôȥСûˡ
Ǻǣ֪ܸĵķϣ֮ǰˣҹЦ֮ǰ˵Ļ޼תһ£˵аŰ޳ģǾͲΪˡ
˵ҹһ̧֣˾ĺһ£ԷҸ˹ȥ
ȻҹһϵĲҵȥ
ϼŵĲҵ𣿡
ǣʲô
ллϰ壬аţһҲ
žңҵֱ۴һƬǽ壬赲˶Ѿʵ˯ڽŻ𽥰
޳תһҡ
ڲϵسţѾе˵ҵʱ޶ǵõϢ
ЩطľҲΪһС¶;ϰ壬ԵԼܡһ֮£ԭֻԼһңҶǽϳ¶ƣ˼Ҹһ·ҹģٲϱĻɾһ·ˡ
޶ʱûӸɢˣҧ޺޵аţаţĶðһаţ
˵ȻҹĻתﵽˣ޶Ҳ̾ʶΣⲻͨˣһʮΣյĹ֣ҪȻƾ޵Ĳҵ´ر뺷ڣûҡ
ҪǸ˶ܰ޼ҵĲҵˣϼҲͻ첻ȥˡ
޶ĻԷȻŻвٵаţɱһӡ
˵ʲôҲайأԵйأ
ɱϢΪĳԭѾܵط֪޼ôͱһİ˷֡
ǣ뱲ӵ˲٣ʲôʱһаŵɣȫû˵
ûв鵽ȥĶ޶һͷʵ
ɸոҲһЩҲǲģҸոտһϱĵص㣬ͳµʱ䣬·ΣӶ޼ҵĲҵҹȥģһңӦǡȭ
ȭǱ˭ڣ޶ʵȻǸ֡
ʦӣ»ٶȭ򣬡ԥһ˵Ҿã˲طһȭɣ
˵ȭȻ޼µĵȭҲͨʶĴȭĵطҲ֪˶ǺݽɫɸƵҹܻĻһǶ־Ҫĺˡ
ɾãĻһѡָ׶ԸĳӶ֣һȥºȭǲȥ
Ҳ֪ĸжˣʱŸӦģð»߰٣һȥһȽϽĳ￴ţЩɡ
ȭ绰ð»ͰСӦԣǧҪУ߲ƣ޶ıأźܶ궼Ѿûô֣˵һˡ
ɻΪ׸һ£ȴСģδҲ̫Ǹʲôа˰ɣ
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СʱͻᵽޡܼҲ̾ͻӦ
֡ۿŸһѯʣ̲סҪڣʦָ˶Ҫ׼ţʵе̫Сˡ
ǰ˵ʦ¶˵ʦǴǰǷ޼һ飬ԲŻ޼£ͽҲ޼ҸǵڣҲ⼸޼Ѹ׳һԭ
ʦȻһֱ޼Ҵȥ޶Ҳ˵ֻҪԷ˵ŵ£ͻ뿪Ժֿɾˡ
޼⼸꣬ҲѾöԷΣһΣôҲһشΣٶðɣ޶òǾҪʦˣʵе̫ݳޡ
ôûд绰ȥȭ޶ܼңһӻ﷢ЩŭҲٸ˵ˣֱŹܼҷԸ绰֪ͨȥ
ɱҪһ£һҲ˵ˡ
ܼǱ߶ҵæ绰ͨ޶˼һ¡
ģҪǴȣȭ˴ŰƱ
ͻȻһ٣ƺڸ˵
ʲôˡ
ˡ
ʲô»ȶˡ
ٵĸ첲

绰һƬӻңԼĿõ绰ͷ˶ùͷһ


018 
޶ȭλеȭˣҲ֪⻹Ǳŵˣһֱûҵ绰ѵʱĻҺͲȫֱ˳
ǰرϢһЩϢеֻǰ޳µƻͿţûʲôˣһΣ޶ǲ㱨Ҳ֪ȭĺųƸǣһĶҲˡ
ܼſֻɫѿ޶ԷڶݵĴ͹ȴЩһȱ
ùܼҺ޴ٶİˣ޼ңʲôʱҪ鷳ˣ
ܼҵĵ绰ûйҵѾһɳƵԲȭǸˣѾһ˵
аţֻǸһѵһοɾûô˵ˣƺѾ֪ŵ绰˭ˡ
Ѿµ޶Ȼվӹܼ绰޼޶εһǸᣬ޼ʵǲ֪˹ţô飬Ը⵱޼ҵĲǣʲôҶԸⲹ
ǺǣҲôʶʱĻͲˡ绰ɳ˵ԣ׼ǧҿԿ¶ôˡ
Ȼ֣޶ȭͷˣȴЦǧ򲻳⣬ǲᣬǧ򶼵޼Т˵ġ
ϵɳ˺⣬磬ڻʼҷ꣬ҵǧ򡣡
ͲʱҶϵġཡȻǶԷҵˣ޶ȴֻһãȻ֪ӡ
֡ɿʵˣ
ӹܼҶеҪˣλүʲôӰ
ոռ˵ʵΪʦڣֱ˱Ƶûа취ˣҪͨþԤ˵޼ҵҵһЩ
ԷʦһĹ䳬֣ͨҲھǰ̫޼ɵϾǴĿɲһСô򵥣ڶѾ˵Ҫ̸ˣǻëľ
ָžץǸһǼֱ췽ҹ̷ˣ޼ҵֻѿһЩ޼ҵĻ鶼Ӱ졣
ְٺһ飬ôھȶסʱȥ
޶Ҳ֪Ϊӵܣ޼ҵĲҵҵӣûпһۣͶתˡ
أŹܼңھ⡣
үͽɣ
ò˵ֻһˣҲһʹ顣

û뵽޼ҵķӦô죬ǸƼ۷ĸֽҪˡ̽Ϣʱ򣬽ԶЩź
֪ҹܸ޼һѿǾû뵽ԷþȻ쵽ٶȣСʱ֮ڣȻɨ޼Ҳҵ
Ҫ˵޼Ҵ壬ǻԶԶڣΪ׬ǮĶôҵġҹҵЩ޼޵ӣǺĴһ־ƣǰ޼ҵƤˡ
Ҫǵõ޼ҸֻϢȤҹ޼Ҷٰơ
߾ǸˣԶߵҲЩϧתȴԥһ£ҪϢ֪ͨҹ𣿡
ҪԶ̾ͻӦҹˣҲΪС
Ҳͷ̲ͨҹĵ绰˵һ¡
ŶҹҲû뵽Ǹôͻ޶ոջӦ˵Ҫǧ
ǧԶҲһ£ǧС£Ҫ޶˵ǼٵģҲǼ׵¶
תһˣ⼸ǸƼ۷Ĺڣû޸޶зĴ̲ڣŪҹʵͱ£ԸⲻԸ⣬ֻҹ
޶Ҳ׼һҹʵǸʦǿ˵ʦҲǲǧģҲģҪǷˣߺߣǧǧ࣡
㲻Ӧ˰ɣԶҹӦòһӵˡ
ôгȥȻҪӦˡ
ҹһ˱Ļظ⣿ֻ۾ˣ
ĶԶôԵ壬ҹῴ
޼ҵĳӰҹĵַһˣҿǸʼյˣ
ۡ
ô߹Ʒ£ȴýԶЩѪĳ嶯£ΪʱӶţ޶ǸϺոմӦ˽ǧˣһתͷֽ޹Ұȥĳˣ᲻Ѫ
ͷˣƻֱģ
㲻˵Ҫ𣿡ԶǺЦš
޼ҵùû˱Ƚ˸ˬˣȻЩ˽ǣ޼ҵ档涪ˣ޼պҲ·
ҲӿٶȣһҪ֮ǰЩꡣҹҲǺЦţ˵ͬҲһõˣҲǰ޳ҵġ
ѵ㻹а֣ԶԼҹǶԵģȫû뵽ҹиһİ֡
˸ߡ
Զ˲ͱ仰ˣҲ㽲ãǵ͹ҹƤˡ
㲻ĴȥǧɣԶջǰѻϡ
ҪĻҾ͸˺š
Զҹû׼Ϻ棬ѵòҪˣ޶Ϻ걾ҪϹ㲻棬ܸǮʱ򷴶ױ¶ԼҪȱǮĻҿȽ
㲻Ӧðôһ˼أø˼ҸĹµĻᣬҹ˵԰ʺŷɣתҡ
ۡԶҲѪˣ˰컹Ƕء
Ҫ˵ʲôȴȻҹѾվǰӵǰһ£Ҳûзҹʲôʱӽġ
ôҵҵģԶȣԼûи߹ԼסʲôطǽҺôǽôôô׼ȷ֪ԼĶ
׼ھ뿪ޣ»ƱɣҹûὭԶ⣬ѸٸԷһ񣬡Ŷˣո˵Ǯ¶Ҿÿһˡ
˵ǽ衭Զĵؾ
ǲһֲ׼޼ҵϣлõٺôҹ˵ʱ޷ֱӵֱ׳
壬ȥһ°ɣԶҲûȥҪȥʲôط
㣬쾩ʲôĶԣ뿪˵ҹͻȻʲôɫҲ֣ǸͰտһˡ
㲻ϲɣԶѵһȤҹĻᣬҪȻôΪðôķգ
һҪҹÿɷ
ʱ˿첽ߵ⣺үոҽԺϢ˵Ѿˣ̫ԡ
ҪҪȥԶҹ
ˣҲʺϼҹҡͷأھˣҪ£ҿǻ㵽ͷġ
޼һԼ⣬ܲҲͷϰɣԶʱ
ҹһЦ£
죬׼ҽԺҽԺԶ𼱻ǵؾˡ


019 ɱֺ
ҹˮһİɫӰվҽԺ¥Ĵǰ
ܰż¥ʲô죬ϵĵ󹦷Ůµ谵
¹ܿһʹʵֻǴʱɫЩ԰ףĲ԰ס
ŮƺΧһжû˸оؿŲȱһ㱻ƮƲסûûϣһж޷صľûšš
ʱȫ֪ʲôǽ϶ػȴӿͷϾ¼ԼСһЩۣװˡ
֪ԺҪôȥ˶֮һ¥ЩСģĶش򿪴ַڴϣһֻϴ̨
ʲôûŪôȥ𣿡ͻȻһӺ
һ£Ѿ֪ʲô£ȴʶػعͷȴˡ
˭ɻʡ
ˣҾǸᱻ۵ˡԶ˵ʱ򣬲Ц
˵ʲôɻ
ֻҪ㣬뿪ܿͻ֣ᷢڵ뷨ǴģҪһġ
ˡ˴⣬ŸղŵĶ
ҪԶ󼱣֪ԷûԼ˼Ҳ˲صس˳ȥ
˭ûеĹȴʱתͷŽԶʵʲôϵ
ǰˣֻǰ˵СæԶһȻ⿴ԼҲ˲ˣʵҲû̫ķˣͰװ˷ΪðôһС
˵ʲôﾡ㯣˭
ڻܸ㣬ԶԷƽЦЦЩƽϢ㻹Ҫ֪˭Ļҡ
⿴ŽԶ˻صӰöûٳѾˡ
ԼԺȴȻһģӰӣϣԺ֮пģƫƫֿС
ŬҲûн֮ٴԶ˵ĻƺЩʲôȻô
˭·ңԶĵƹ⣬૵˵ţ׷ʲô

ϽʡС
ϽʡУ³һʱ䣬ҹѾоĿƺ޻ҪʪһЩ¶ȸǱҪߣֲýŮǶοյСĶܵˡ
ҹĳƱǱʡĳУֻվ֮󣬾³ͨţһϽƱ
ǾýԶţֻϣԼܸһЩ鷳ɲЩˡ
Ĳнϣҹչһ壬оǻֻ뺰һ֣ˬ
꣬ҹ͵ûϳ£Ҳ̡̣̣
ٻ飬ŻҪܳʱ䡣ⲻ룬ǱҪôҪ˵һѹ֣ǾǼٵġ
޼ҵʱʵнԶļƻͬҲйԼأˬúˬ
ʵĸоûյĸоټ޼ЩӣûһθУǽиͣ
ͷʼˣҹڽֱߵĳϣһֵͷ£һץ˼ŻƬգ΢΢ЦЦ
ûʶ԰Ҳ÷ôȥҴܹߵİ취
Ȼֻ꣬Ǹͷ˵ģδؾûлᡣ˵ͻƲٵһ̶֮ҲػؼңûԼĶ
ԣһҪﵽΪҲͷ˵ĵرСĲҪΡ
ף
ҹڳɹ̫һĶʼʱͻȻʶ﷢һЩ
΢΢תͷһźɫףϱһҲǺɫӰ䣬ϿмǸͨӰߡ
ҹȴ֪˲ǣΪûӰ豸Ƿżǹе׵Ŀڴŵͬǵ֮Ķӵ
ɱ֣ҹ΢΢һ£벻ɱ־ҡڵϽˡ
תҲ֪ΪԼʶ֪ҪǴǰĻҲ϶ǸӰߣͲɣϾԼҲʶȥӿ
ʱͻȻɱ֣ҹȻҪһЩ˭Ҳұ֤ǲ޼һЩõĵġ
װйӣӭǸɱ߹ȥ
ΪʶĹϵҹͲȥԷҲ֪ܺԷһһ˾룬ߵԷߵʱһ£һײǸɱֵϡ
ԲԲ𡭡ҹæصǸ
ԷȻһüƺڱײһ˲Ҫ֣ջסûжһ仰Ҳû˵ҹһѾ;뿪ˡ
鷳ġҹҲԼе񾭹ˡ
ԷǳԼģӦǶ㵽ȥܴҡڣŻûõǹߵǰ
ۿŶԷ߳ԼʶΧҹҲֻҡҡͷһӵͰſʼƻԼһ顣
ԭʮߵʱ򣬽Զֺܴ󷽵شһǮ࣬Ҳǲ٣ܳһʱﲻȥĳԷ⣬ȻҲҪһЩƷ
ʱ䱦󣬶һʽʱȥϰõģɵʱ仹ȥɽܲҵĵر
ȻǵһҪģֻսһֺصĹÿΣСʱ֮󣬾ͲЧˡҲ˵ʵϣҹҪøʱҲȡøٶȡ
ҹƣԵҲҵһ֣ͻƣΪһð취
ʵҲûУҹĿǰѾһ֣˵ȴǺ⣬ǾǳԶ
ÿԹܸ֮оʳת뵽Լ
仯ǳǳʱԺԲƵģҹҲһ쵽ֶԸͣҲ⣬ǲ˷ѵġ
ҹҪصȥϢͿʮ·ʻһɫ׿˳棬Ҳûʲô֣Ǵ⳵ӵĶ泵ȴͻȻһγʧһż׿ǳײ˹ȥ
ڼ׿ǳ淴Ӧÿ죬һѷת˹ȥײسг
һʧصĳӣҲԭشתһ׷ż׿ǳײȥ
ˡһ׿ǳҲײЩʧأһͷ·ϳȥ
ã
һз̫죬ۿ׿ǳ˳ȥͿҪײһ˵ϡ
ܶ˶ЩСŮѾ۾ȴżĲҾ硣
ҲΣգʱﻹܶùȥֻؿųӳ
ಡ
һӰžһײľ죬Ӱ˳ȥ


020 ׷

һȺ˽ǶһСӳȥƿһĻ˶ײɣûоȵˣԼҲײˡ
ոֳٵĳ˾ǲҲǹˡ
ӴˤϹͷˡڴҶ²˻᲻ʱ˾Ȼһ߶ţһ߶ӵӸûʲôˡ
Ҳ̫ţˣ
ͷ𣿡
ҿۻ˰ɣôײû¶
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´Ҳˣһʱ䶼ԶԶǸСϧ
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ҹᣬҪˣ˵ظﶼ˼˵
óһһŮڵŲӴ㡭ҪҰ
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ְӵժ£װǹڣ۾ʼ͸׼Ŀλá
ҡҹԼѾܶˣҪվ˵û£ͻȻһɺĵӿ
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һǹеĻӵܴܿ͸Ůٴ
û˿ԥģҹȻһԾŮ˵ڵأ˳ƻҷ¡

ŮҲû뵽ո˻˵Լˣȴ𼱻ǵײ˶ԷҲŶԷԼ
ҪöԷԼʵʱһ׿ǳĳɢõǡ
ҪҹоµŮҪվʱȳ
ոҲͻȻоǹɺ⣬Ҳս֮еΣոӦŮıûаһΰʱƿ
ֳΧ۵ҲһĻʱҶЩԶԶ㿪еǱ߶ѡ˱
ŮڲҷôҹſϣʱҲ֪ҪǸղҹ˵üʱոĿɾͲǳôˣһʱŵСЩ԰ס
ҹѭŸոոӦķȥ¥иڵžʧˣǸɱѾߵҲ΢΢һ
ҪʱͻȻоһرµϢ굽˱
ףҹɵŮȥ
İɫĨ棬Ȼ͸һ޵΢⣬һŵޱˬϢǴ΢λôġ
ѵֶҲܼӿҵȻΪʲôֻŵϢ͸оģ
ҹ̾Ϳ϶һ㣬Ϊӿ鷢أû뵽ôŵˡ
ι㵽׻ˣŮ
ŶŶҹҲʶԼʧ̬æεشŮ
ոΪ˾ˣѹҲѹˣڻһֱѹ˼ϣֻ۾Ųÿĵطţǿɾе˵ȥˡ
ţڻòơ治
лл㰡ҽĪСĴŮҲûô⣬һתͷЦʲôôлأ
ҹԽҲеתòƸողŮŵȷ˵ҲôԵúòЭ
ֻŮǸ΢ĶԷҪʲôʱ̱ܵؾָ˹ȥ
ǿɲУŮæԼĳߴСģȻңҿɲӦ㣬Ҿ㳤Ҳ˧ģҿԴӦ׷ҡ
ҹͻĻشˣŮֻĴԵ粨ٶȿ϶ҲòУԼȫһƵϣҡûǸ˼˵ܲܰϴǸҿ
ᣬ˵ˣĪССˣҲø
ҲУ㲻ĪССҹǿ鴫֮Լֻǿû˵ҪҲ˵ĶôͲˣ
воǲУԭǸɫǣУĪ磬ߣŮ˵תż׿ǳȥˣҪҹԶء
ιҹ֪ԷĶϷôˡ
ؼ֮ǰһǸʲôΪʲôʵϢ
֪һ㣬ԺרȥֶɾͲôĥˡ
˭ߣո˭ײҰ֣첻ʮģ˭Ҳߣ


021 
ĪСҪ뿪ʱһ׳ԶΧ۵˳
ײҰǰɣǮɣҲˣһ򣬶һӶҪһӶУֵָĪС˵
ҹһͷߣҲһûӵ𣿸ոԼ˵ʮģôһ͵˰أǳŸ˶Ҳô߰
һ򣿡ŮҲһոշ˺ܶ¶ûиǸˤ˵ء
æߵǸɫЩѿߣԲүүոұŻˣбǸɫǸˣҴ㵽ҽԺȥһ°ɡ
ƨҲ˵һˣǮ˭Ҳߣžɣҿɸ˵ǼүһǲҪǵҽԺһ飬ǿɾͲһܽˡ죬һȶø˵һ
û¶߰ɣģûײңǸСӰƿˣҪȻϹͷɢˡȴ֣æ˵Լû¡
˭˵û¶¶ˣ뺷˶ʱˣһŤͷٳҹǱ߶ȥָŶԷŵԭ㰡ײҰ֣㾹ȻҰ֣ϻ˵Ǯ
Сӣ־汻ײˣ㲻лл˼ң˼ҵǮˣ
ǣôװ
ʲô¶˻۾ɨһ飬˭лվ˵ҿ˭Ӳͷҵȭͷʵ
˰ڳһӣöζ״Χʱѹȥ
ӣ͵ǰˣ߰ɣҪûСӣ־ûˣ²İһεԼĶӡ
һ˻ģ֪Ǹӻ᲻ͷûת꣬Ϳ׳̧һ򣺡ϲôûײոҪˣڻõŸôҪǮչ˾øһʰɣøһʰɣǰǰ׬˶Ǯô£
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Χ˶仰ŭˣӵԼϵôȥҲ̫Ƕˣ
ôţײҵǸأ׬ǮؼԼȥӵһӣЩŭ˺
治Ƕ
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ҲǱ޳ܵΪˣ˭ҲûǰȥһͲǣԶһãֻԶԶС
Ҫ˵Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôûãԼӸͲ
ҹҲǿˣð˾ǸŷҪǮء
һ𣿡ҹĪС
ûСĪСҡͷ
ҹ˵ĪСֲҰС
ɡ
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ҲŲأΪɵУĪСҹһۡ
ΪôΪҹҲ׼ôһ
ѾˡĪС̹Ȼش
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һһӵĻȻ˿ҹҲ죬ԼһСĪСѾͷƤϵսְҵѡֲӵеİ
Ѿͷôʰ㣡ӱֻҪǮ붯ֵģǲ֪ôģͱ̧־ͳĪСϴȥ
ž
ˣӲһ£ȻһԼ꣬Լˡ
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壿ҹ·ѻУôòҾǱɣ
ɫǣҹûػӦһ䡣
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˴ӣҹһ߶ȥǱ߶ҹȵǰסӲٶ֣һѣ⻹̧־Ҫ˵ϴȥϲġ

ۿһƾҪͷϣȻһ紵˻ӵϣͱҹס
ѵһТӣҹ˿һۣ۾һ˿ŭ⡣
ôĻˣҲǳصģ۴Ҳǳĺˡ
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ͳ˦ҹһȭԷؿڴȥ
ž
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žžž
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Χ۵ҲһոտСһƢӣСŮ˭һʱǻҲ̫ˣһתۣǧٶȵشת䰡ֱǱνա
Ҫǲ֪ģΪ˫أΪͷβǸǮļһһµı˶ûմţôôһϡ
㻹˵ǼһĶζ״ٿøһģﶼţڳ˰ɣ
ҿ׶ӣˡӹǺس˵
ˡҲǿȥˣǱϾӣСӣ¶ҶԲסˣͷӵϣͷһɡ
ҹȻ֣ͣžͲϵĻӣ֪Ϊʲôֻ𣿡
ҡҡӲ˵һ˵ˣ˵Ҳۡ
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棬Ǵȫ˰ɣڸоԴƫصģһСľܱקƵġ
˼ң㶼㶼лûеúãֻúýѵһ£ҹ˵
ֻ̾Ҳ֪ӻûʲô취ԼˣҲܲסˡ
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´ҵ֡ĪС˵
㲻Ьװ
ף
סֻӣ
ӿˣ˵ĳ϶ⱲӲŽģ


022 Ҫ
Сͷɣұ֤ҲҶˡĪС
үүİɣҸոǿЦģĪСǸһۣȥҽԺһ°ɣ˵ҲģҶûиǸء
ȻթǸӵĲԣһʼĪСĳӳҲûô¡ΪҹֵԭûײǱˤһ£ĪСԼӦøġ
˲ˣҲûû˵鷳ˡתͷҹǸԲסСӣңлû˵һǡ
棬Լǲء
ûϵҹҲǺЦЦ˻һۣӭң
ӵǳ鴤һ£۵Լֱæ΢΢ҡͷ˼˵ˡ
үǱˣҹߵ׿ǳǰ۱ĳתͷĪСǵʲôˣȻҪɱɱ㣿
ĪСæͷҡø˹һô֪أ壬ʲôģ
ҹǱ׵ˡ
ҾҵǣĪСϸϸָͷ˵㿴ҪĻҽͻῪײˣ˵ᱻǹᱻǸǦթһ򡭡֮󣬾ȫˣҪҵıڰɣ
Ǹո˵ĺɣҹѾͷѵ˼άҲķˣҪɱˣôթ㣿
˵ҲԣҲҲײôǱν𣿡ĪСЦţոյĴɱɫʲôģȫһҳˡ
㲻Ѿôû˹ҹܿ˿û˿Ķ
Ӱﲻݹÿеⶼ֮󣬻˶ˣǾͻˡĪСҲΣһҲƵ
ŰɣҿҪȥԷˡҹҲûʲôΣգҲûҪٸѾͷһĳӡ
Ժô㰡ĪСæŲߡ
Ͳˣҿɲ֪ȥĶ
ҹ˵ҲʵȻУζžһ᳤˵ܱߵɽתȦûʲôջ֮󣬾ͻ뿪
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ˣһǸǹҵɱٻô죿ҪǹҵĻô죿ĪС˵
ǹ䡭ҹ˲䣬аһ£˭Ѿͷ˵ôء
ʲô˼ҹʡ
ҲȾǸɱץ߰ĪСȻ˵
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ˣСѾͷһҲͱ˴壬ܻҪߴþأǲͺ˷ܣ
ܾãӵĻҿ԰㰡ⷽĹܺܽȫġҹĵ˵һ䡣
ᣬɫǣռ˵ĪСС΢죬ȴԵøӽ˼֡
ҹҲòϣСʱʮһСŮ˵Ǿȫһоˡ
ȻԷˣҹҲûִߣ͵СѾͷĻɣԼҲûʲô
㲻Ǳ˰ɣʲôİĪСӿҲһЩ
򹤡ҹĵػӦš
ϽһֱҵչȽϷٵĵطʡУ͸ܾӵĵطô˵ȫ˻ɡ
̫ˣҵںòãĪСһתְۣҹɫԸˡ
̫áҹӿڴ˿Ż
ֻҪǿ鶫ʲôûҪŮһ
ģҪǸ˵ڣǲ˩˵¶ɲ
㲻ǴҿҰֶ㿪һʣ㿴ôĪСƺĶҹȤ
ҹ̯̯֣û̫ʱ䣬˵ҲǺȱǮιôҵĶǶǮģ
ĪС
ûеȶãһ飬ְ˴ص±¼
Ϊ漰ְҵɱ֣ǺӣֻϧĪСһ֪һܸ˽ˣҪļϵȴֱ֪ڼң绰ҲֻͨʱգҪСģһʲô̴绰
ʱ䲻̫ǵٴӾֳʱɫҲѾ
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˰ɡҹҲЩΣʵڲʺĻ
ҪͬĻҾ㿴뿴ǸôĪСջš
ҹϵԥˣԷǰ˿ȷһܴջ󰡡
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ĻǿǾ̫ˣ
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ȻˡĪС
Ķģҹǰһ
ȻǡĪСͻȻͣڣҪǴӦҵıڣҾ͸㣡
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ҮҾ֪岻᲻ҵģǳˣôĿЩɶɱǹأĪС˷ܵ˵ھ͸һؼҰɣҰ⼸첻ڣҪȥҡ
ǹ䡭ûˡ
Щʺϵһ𣬱Ҳ˻𱬵Ů˵˲롣
ҹҲǿЦһ£СѾͷҲ̫ˣҲǸԼոʶֶھ֪ģ͸ҰԼؼңԼһסļҪʲôĲˣ֪ˡ
⵹еСĪСˣЩ֣˼άҲȷǺѣҪ˵ûӣǿɾʹشˡ
֮Զҹ˷ģҲͨ˺ܶж֮žģ˵ҹˣԼײˣְԼӵԼһԸǸթĻ
Ȼ˵ôе³çҲΪҹ˱֮ܵеģǴһʲôˣ̾͸Ҫĵشؼﲻɵ椶
Ů˴󵨷ģҹҲûŤ̹ȻĪСļ׿ǳˣԼĿֻǿһǸ׹ʲôһ·ģûзǷ֮롣
һҪ˵ʲôйŮ㣬ǵԵˡ
ĪСһŮ治ǸǵģȻҲ鹦·ãСѾͷһ·ûô٣Ҳȷܿ⳵Ǿרҵѵֶѵ·ɱ֡
û׿ǳʻһͣһԼǰ
ͦǮİҹɨһ˵


023 ֵ֪ı
ԭҹѾСǸмҵ׵ˣ֮ҹҲ֪Ĺƻһ⿴׷ӣ²ǧ
˵ôǮĸҪʲôģǼֱ̫ˣŮ֮ǰûб˸ţԼļҳƺǷĵ˼㣬ôƯŮôһӣͲܲʵʧˡ
˵ҵڿ϶ġĪСֻһЦҲû˿ҹҫʲôһжôȻȻ
ǸȻҹҲûмˣɨһ֮ҲûжȤˣǸҿɣҶѾӦˡ
ôô㿴ǸƵģƯ𣿻ǸӾҲǣɣĪСҹȻûжλñʾ̾мֲġ
ȿȣǻȿɡҹѡ
ȻǸܲ󴰻ǸŪˮ·ʮӾغ֣Ҳֶֻѡ
ߣ֪ɫǣɫǴ壬ֻ֪ĪСҹһۣת¥ȥ
˼ǣҹֻøȥժҿѲַˣ
飡
ĪСķűϣҹ棬ҹҲ˼ٸŽˣϾ˼ŮӵĹ뷿
ڽֱˣĪСС΢죺Ҹ㿴һµĿ𣿡
кܶࣿҹǾȣϲкܶͬĶǾ̫ˡ
һЩɣҸһµģûдĿ𣿡ĪСʡ
ĻҿãҪǲĻҹԥһ£Ҳ֪ǸµĻ᲻Ҳ֮ǰӴǿһǾͻڴͺˡ
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ҹֻĵȴˣԼҲûԼˣӲ輸˸ӣʼſˮԻ
󹦷ĪСһ˳ûضҹϣֻɲҵĶʲô飡
ţģҹæȥӡ
࣡ĪС˿ԷմŻյƣ΢΢Щ⡣
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ҹæذĺӴ򿪣Ȼ󡭡
ۡ
ͲûѪˣȻһµĴ֡
㡭˼㲱ϴǸ׹أҹЦõʡ
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ҪıǸҹ
壬壬ɫǴ壡û뵽仰ǵСӲˣŤͷͻԼķ䡣
ιҹҲСѵ˼άЩϰˣʲôֻôʱ䣬ʱ֮һоͺˢ¹һ¿ʼ
ಡ
СͷҲûأǴıȴɳһںĶ
ҹæץͬʱһסˡ
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׹ȥʲôߵʯȻʵػϸ壬ɫȴЩҡ
ͨһʯмɫģֻҪĹԺʵַܰԭ̫õʯһ߽ĵƷ
ҹ֪ǰȻҲкüɫĹҲʲôÿĶһ̫СˣֻĴָôһҪʲôͶС
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Ҳҹͨ˵۹⿴ģʯǿɾǱˡ
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֮ȷһ㣬ȥʲôͻ͸һҪĻ֪᲻ֱӾͻˣ
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ĪС̫ˣܲ͸ңҸ㵱ڣҪǮģšֻҪҳԷͺˣҹڴؿŶԷиһǾ͸ˣ
òƺܲأĪСҲǸ͸ҵģûУеĻ͸ˡ
úúãҹҲӦʮĺϢ
̬ĴŮ͸㶼Ҫƫƫϲһ񣬡ĪСԽͲָȥһܹӶ೤ʱ⣬ֱӺܲͦͦߴΰʯͷ˯𣿡
δǲµġҹƳ˶ԷһۣĿͣϡ
˭˵δ꣬ٹҾҪʮˡĪСص
ԭδ갡ҹ΢΢һ£δ궼ԺСѾͷһĻˮˣⲻĵ⣬˯ĸ䣿ǸûʲôڿϢ˰ɣ
ĺöȻǼҪһԹЧ
ǸˡĪСָһ¡
Ŷҹ˼ȻǺķɣСëҪƤҪ˯
ڳԼǴˣδ֮䣬͸Ŵ
˵ҵˣȻҪʮСʱˣ˯ҵķ䣬ôҰĪСһ˵
ֻſˮ굽ȥˣֻϧڵҹ֪ԼҲ֪ĪСֻǶֶѣԴʱûκηӦֻǾؿ
¥ɣĪСԼġƻָʧܣɵм
ҹŶԷص¥£ߵһǰ
ˣʲôУҵı֮󣬿ɲŮˣĪСҹ˿Ŷ˸У
ҹƤûлӦЦֻš
ĪСȴͻȻִչסҹĸ첲Ĳ׼ȥ˯ҵķǱҪܶŶ
ҹѵһСƨ˭ĴͻȻˣһʮ߽ĪСҹ첲ĳʱ˵
֣ôôͻˣĪСһˣȴǱıؾ˹ȥק
ˣԾǰĪ谮ŮͷĿҹһתǡ
ҸոչӶıڣλˣײӵţֱǱνһĪСʼ˵ҹĺôĩһתͷˣʲôţ


024 Ķ
ĪʱŮҵʲôڣֶ֪͸͵ˣҿ磬ҪһСӳûʲô飬ڿɾˡ
ҲѾ˺ܶౣ㶼ҪôͻȻҪˣĪȻ֪Ůְҵɱֵ顣
Ϊϲ尡ĪС˵
⻰ûĪģ˼־衣
Ŷʲôص𣿡Īʡ
ʵԼŮǺܷĵģȻҲ֪ʱʱͻһЩѵ뷨ǲΪǱʲôԭĽ֤ŮǶԵġ
㲻ϣҵ϶һŮоֵԶƽʱĪ鶼ԼŮֱŮ˽Ůˡ
¶漰ŮҸͰȫǿ˸ոһĻòǰ˶һЩˡ
嵱ȻкܶŵˣĪС̾Ϊҹ˵ֺܺɫֱ̬
ҹ۾ȫѣСȦȦ
ĪѾȫȥˣȫɻҹĿľǹƭŮҲһȵˣû̾ҹ
λСһЩЦΪϣ㲻Ҫ⣬ǲȱڵģĪҹ˵ͷȻҹĻҿٰȥҵĹ˾ϰࡣ
ҹ׶Է˼ҲûΪĪʱ˵˼Լĸܣɼ˲Ǹˡ
Ҫǻ˸ոյĳŮܵĻʹ绰ˡ
ûϵʵҲ̫ҹЦЦȻ׹ϣֻ˵ҪԵĻԸǮȻ֪ǿܲҪЩǮ
ŶĪҲǾþⳡˣҲȥҹĻֿⷬٶЩԼֶԷˣ˵Ҳı䣬ŮҲȷʲôڣɨһ۶ԷϵĶֻǿʵʯҲû̫⣬ǮͲˣ͵СԸղĲɣҲӦõġ
ǾͶлˣҹҲ飬߸˵ذѵ׹װ˿ڴĪС˰˰֣Ҹˡ
˵˿ˮ̾תˡ
㲻ߣ㶼ѾӦұڵģĪСҪ׷ȥϰһס
ҪڵĻһҾ㣬ֱ֡ĪŮš
ǲһģĪСȴҪܣҵǣҲŲҪʲôֱҪҵǣ
ĪҪøһӶ˽ˣŮڣվǲĵġ
˭֪˵ǵʱҹȻ»ˡ
壬Ҿ֪㲻ҵģĪСЦžҪ˹ȥñĪס
ȿȡǸĪֻǹһ䣬ȷʵҪĪСżڣţǼΪոձְҵɱֶϹȻνҶ˹ȥ黹û֮꣬ǰǿܶΣաҹû˵ѾԷϡ
˵ʲôɱֶСĪ龪ȵ
ǰǰģǴ˵ϣʱҿܾͱˣĪСŬҹۡ
ĪעҲûȥʱĻ棬ȻҹһҪԷΣˡ
ҲпܶԷûҪֻҪˣһ棬һλôɾͲ˵ˣҹŵóĽۣΪһӵûгĪСҪΪǶԷʧ󣬡Īһ£ʱʲô˽˳𣬻ͻԷŻᷢ־棬ʱΣոԴǲذȫˡ
𡭡Ī˳Ŷҹ˼·ţȴһʱҲûͷ
һҪһ£ˡҹתٴγȥ
ȵңĪСγɹ˸׵ܵҹߣֱס˶Էĸ첲Ҫˣʮ˸ɱ֣һǹô죿˵ҶѾԼĶˣôܷڲҵıأ
Ķ
Īһɣеܲˡ
Уҹǿ׹ףôһ񣬶˵Ķ᲻еְ̫
Ȼ˵ңĪСȻС֣ҵģҪ˵Ͳ
ҹ
ĪСҲǹ龫֣Ķܿҹӳ̶ȣһͽѨϡ
ԻĪĬĬһԭ˵ɾôһŮոһ˲䣬Ҫˣãá
ⶫҪˣҲ죬İȫҪʱңʱ䲻̫ϾֻһҹҲǸĪСģڶԷ˵ĿܻʯȻǸȤúܡ
̫ˣдڵĻ϶ȸҪĪС˵˵
ҹƲƲ죬ⶼʲô߼ôһȥ
Ѿͷѵ˼άҲ˽ˣҲûȥЩ
ˣҹ˵žߡ
ŶĪСҲߡ
ҸҹΪСԼ⻹ڸòͣˡ
˵㵱㲻ֻˣĪСЦš
ҿɲҹҡҡͷĹĪһʵѡɣҿڳ£ؼʱס
Ҿ͸øˣȻһҪû˭ȥʯͷأĪСЦš
Ըž͸Űɣҿɸ˵ˣҪȥҷסܿһѵĵطȤǴкĻͼɡҹѾͷǸܽһֻ˵ˡ
ĪСȻǶһ½ŲɼٴСŮҹ˵ЩСһɱ
ֻϧҹʧǣεɱʱЧЩ̣ĪСֻͣһӣ̾׷ȥһһҹͳԼļ׿ǳק
ιҪҹյĶȥҹڼ׿ǳŹʡ
ȻȥסĵطˣѲңҸұ֤û룬ĪСظǸ׹϶Ҹĵطоһ°ɣ˵ֵطס϶ܲĶԲԣ͸߰ɡ
ҹһξãԼССѾͷò˵۹ǺģЩ˵˵ϡ
õ֮ȷҪúоһ£ô׹ԼΪ
̵Ȼϣ˴ţԱ˵ַҵĻסùݶһʣǰû˴ŵĵطǲѵġ
ĪСôһ˵ҹҲЩĶˣȻߡ
ĪСҪһֱճǸǲܵģʶΧѾӡ


025 ־
ҹҲûеʲôҪĪ֪ԼŮְҵɱֶϣһҹ䣬ǲء
£Ī龹ȻûֹĪСԼߣֻбҲЩ֮ˡ
׿ǳٶȲĪС߳ĳ֮£ҲûκεľշڳҲţżȻһʱ˦µ룬Ҳٵظˡ
ҹҲⱻ٣ЩרҵıڣҲֵɡ˵ʵҪǸոպʶĪС˼ҵĶ治Ը⵱ʲôڣ̫ˡ
ЩְҵıھͲһˣǲһǹߣһҵľȴ϶ǺܲģҪȻҲᱻĪִŮ
ô󲿷ֹЩˣֻҪĪСΣգԼֻҪ۾˯ԶͿˡ
ĪСĳӾѾʻһСķЩϾɣĳЩǽǻ̦Ļ൱࣬Ҫһξ룬ĳ̶ҹʮ⡣
СķӶֻ㣬һ·ĪСһԪǰ¥
ҼǰסķӣôסʲˣôлңĪСҲǸС龫ŵʱ򣬾һۿҹ϶ģʮֵԷ
㲻ɣҹشһ¶ԷεģҪҳԵ㣿
УСѾͷҹһۣȻҲ֪ǸЦһתۣĿ˼ڴˣҴȥдǵģ壬εĻһܳɹġ
ʲôҹСѾͷ϶ţԼŶ⹤ˡ
ѽٸ˵ˣٲȥĻǼ˿Ҫˣݰݡ
ڣѾƮ⡣
ҹҲǺǺһЦСѾͷҲһӶûУҲֻǲµǼ
ѷһأȥĳ裬žͰѴ֮ȫϣǿ׹

ʱҹƽҪתս׹֮ʲôЧ
ʱ֮ǰĳȣ˵ʲô
֮ǰ˼ѹȥﵽƽ״̬֮ҹſʼס׹תս
ʱ׹̾һ˿һƵ뵽ҹ
žžžž
Ǳĥѹһ޴ʹഫȫҹ۾ȴӿһ˿ȣʱŻЧЧƺҪӺá
ѾܹӦʹ࣬Խʹ࣬˵ٶȻԽ죬񸽹ȻǿĹЧ
ôһӲͣЪת˷

Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬ҹȻ۾׹ѾչˣҲԵظоھͶ֮֮ǰһ̨ףʶҲ˰ҡ
˴ͻưҹæԼΪѾǡ
꣬붦ڣ
ҹΪǲǳʲôˣ˺ܶ࣬Ϊȴ붦ڶûͻƣҲ̫ˡ
ת룬ƺӲ֤ʵһ飬붦ڵǿ»ԭԤ֮ϣ붦۷壬˵ܸǿ߿Ҳ˵
ЩЩ˵ڵôһƼڵĹߣӦû̫ˡȻֻƲ⣬ĿǰûиƼڵĹֵ߽Ļء
ţ
ҹͻƵ˷ʱͻȻоһǿϢɵǣϢȻʹĴǰӹڷɿԶš
ѵǱǱصĳҷˣ
ҹһһ̣պÿһڿԶıӰ
ʶ֮У棬ʵҲǻƼڣ⵹Ǹҹһѣúܿ죬ھ͵⣬úܡ
ЩڰˣܱܿûҪǿöࡣ
ʱûгɣһԾʹ¥ȥɿسǸ׷ȥ
ֻϧֻ׷ûжԶʶΧھѾû˵Ϣ
ܵúÿ찡ҹҡҡͷ
ԷڰĳңԶԷʵܿԼŤͷܡѵ˵ԼˣֻһͨĹߣɾԼĴǰ
һ㲻ͨǰչֳǳû˵ʱ򣬳ŷŷ磬߱ʲôģҲʲôϡ¶
ûнҹֻȻԼķ˯ȻϢķʽҹ̾˷ѣڶҲԲˣҲˣûж׹벻˯С
ֻϧûһ˯ĸҲ֪ǰҹ㣬ͻȻһкĳЩذӸڴûã;һƬ
ܶ˶ѣʲôҹҲ⡣ֻûгţʶһɨѾ֪ʲô
Ǻܲҵģ󾯲컹ǰŸÿҹҲ˱ϾһԱԭܼ򵥣ʱСļ棬ҹӡ

һѯҹʱѾǴˡ

ҹ
Ա𡣡
С
˵ɣһ׳˶оԱѵˤϣйҹ˯Ĳ̹״ӿܴϣҪˣʲôСԿԼ
˵ʲôҹε¼磬Ҹ㣬ҹ˳Ǽô˵ӾѾڸˡ
ҹקҹѾܲˬˣǿǵΪոպǽסͬһ¥㣬ԶҲӦģҲбҪһ¡
ǶԷһʲô˵ֺ֤ݵ£ֱӾǸ̽϶ɱ˷ӣӲˬˡ
죡⾯ԱŭˣӣҪΪǶʲô֪ʮǰһܺҲһʮŮ㲻ַ˶Է˲̵ĥԼı̬֮󣬺¶·ɱܺˣǲǣ
˵ʮǰҹʡ
𣿡Աʵ
ܱǸǰǰŵУϻгƱҪһ𣿡ҹһ£ȻӿڴͳһŻƱ
һųƱ֤ģƺ̫˰ɣԱ䵭˵
˵Ҫô֤ҹʣ˵ƺҲûа취֤ʮǰİɣ
ҪṩܹϴԼɵ֤Աü
ṩˣҹ˸Ƿ㲻ţȥ֤һ£ҶƤʲôãеʶ㶷ӮˣȲưҲܾʹҵ̣治֪Ϲæʲô
֤ݻеģȻʮǰ㲻ڣϵӦüǵøɣͬһʮŮһĲ̵ַɱԱҹƺһʮǰİӣƻûڼӰ񣬵ȴһС¶ţڼؾͷʱ䣬Ƿҽܺʱ䣬㻹ʲô˵ģҪ˵Ǹɺϣ


026 Ůˣå
ţ˵Ķԣɺϡҹش
ԸƨԱһϣ㵹ǻ˳˶Ҫô׾ͱŪȥҲ̫Сˡ
ɺϵøܺһ¥㣬ʱ¥¼أ㲻˵֢÷ɣΪʲôҹ棿Աʵ
Ƿ涨ɺϳ֣˵ԸɺϾҹʵܵĻһʵõĶưа뷽跨ֵıǩ
㲻Ҫš⾯ԱҪ˵ʲôͻȻѶҵűƿ˴롣
ѶľԱһΪ׵ˣӭȥ֣ǡ
ֳȴûʲôָʾԱ߶һ£һžȥֻжʮŮӽܵͬ־Զĸ֮һȻʱ䲻ǹ棬Ⱥƻ˲ٰ쵼ģһᾡưһܺһ
ԶֳĻеˣĿǰɫ̾ټ˼ʹϵִúãǱġǸŮ˭ƾʲôЩ
ȥŮҲǶʮͷȻȲϴǣҲƯһͦľϣ˼ӢǱͨŮͿ࣬κξӣôˮ
Сţλ쾩ذõͬ־רָһҪúͬ־ԶɻţѾŮ˵˳
Թԣ֣һ˶Ȩֵκش󰸼һɱִյȨţֲǾֳôţ
Զû˵ʲôֻõѾ䵭˵һ䣺Ѷɡ
ԶҲе˼ҶѾ˵ˣҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ҲͬǸᣬҪǱֵúˣ˵ֵŮרԱĿ࿴ǿɾ׬ˣԺԼ·ߺܶ࣬ҪһСٵõŮ
ҲǾ˧֮̾һ
һʼ˽ʣҹոһǿɺϣ㣬ʲôԭɺϵĳ֡
ʹ仰֮СĵƳһõֳ˵϶ûʲôõı飬˿
ΪʱҸоˣԾͳܵúܿ죬û׷ϣҲǸ˾Ҫҵ֡ҹԷһ׵⣬Ҳˡ
ڴ⣿ԱЦˣҲû뵽һ仰ʳ˶Էţˣڵķ¥˵֮󣬾ȻɵĴ⣬˶Ϊɵ𣿡
ⲻɵɵ⣬ʵҹʱҲΣ˵Щȷ̫һ˶š
ʵѾʼ죬ҪǵԶʼѾ޷Բ˵ͰһøĪеϣ޷ϴɣøϣԽǽƱԽǲ
˵ôŲǽƱ磿ҹߵؿŶԷһͲһ𣬡ҪɱǸСŮǰһסͬһ¥ϣҹﶯ֣ɱ֮¾ҲңȥڼתһȦҲûܣٻȥ˯ʡþץҵʱ̫鷳˵ǲȽ⣿
ԶҲüˣȷһ޴©Ҳ㵱ʱ֪ԼŽҵ
ΪʲôҪȥ棿ҹʡ
ԭҪܣ֮һʱĴңַ˷䣬Ⲣ֤ʲôԶ˵
ðɣǽңǾôһ̵ɱ֣˵ÿ¶ԥԥ岻ҹԴɨһ۶ԷУ˵һ㹻ָҵ֤ûУһǵŶʮСʱԼҰɣ˵ֱһöûС
ո˵о˴ˣһֱõʱͻȻʵ
Ǹоҹͷ
Էûзκεʶ֮¸ͷֲ顣
ǺǣԽ˵ԽףоΪԼ칦𣿡Զ˵
СšֺݺݵԶһۣʾҪõʻ
˵칦ҲԣҾܸоҹһָ˵˳һŮһ˴ǱװһһŮǾţ׼ˡ
ơ
ڴҾԼһ
æѷҵĿѸɨһ飬ǡһŮŶֺ
֡˱Ҫ˵ʲôһҶ´ǣΪĳʲôԼҲͷ
ˣҹʼ磬Ҳееġ
ֳڣҶ㿴ңҿ㣬һʱЩġ
У·о²ֻǵôˣǵʮУһ˰ɣ
ɺϣھ棬˾ǱװŲҲܲ¸šԶЩ䡣
ǴӴҵɫҲԿ˭ΪԶǿˡ
ɺϣɺһ
ҹʱȤתͷŸղļŮпȥܺ򡭡
һ˼ֳļеǸŮƺҲʲôæļ򿪷
⡭һҲ˵ĿⶼſŮҲЩ˼̧ͷ˵
⡭ԶҲЩˡ
ʲô⣬ǾԲɺϵġ
˭ʱҹһתͷԶ룺ĳиں촽ӡϻһɡȿȡĦ͵ζѽžûؼҰɣֲϱ참ôˬ
㡭˵ԶͷеðˣӴҲҲ֪Ǳ˵˸š
ҹҲûķǲǺ˵֤һԼ𣿡
Զڵ죬ɲ˵һ֪ʱ˿ںӡ
еҹ˫۾ˣҪٿʲôÿĶ·Ҫˡ
ڲֻõڳˣעҹϣһʱûȥʲôĦͿںӡ֮顣
ֳôȳȥһ£ҵ⡣õڡ
úáֳæӦ˶˳ȥ
֣ôͻȻһСӣ֮̾Сʵ
ʵĶҪʣֳѣϼҪĸӣȻеɣҪľȫϣУע⣬ҪӰֵ󣡡
Զ˸£˵һ仰ʱһ۵ġȻոҹ˵ĻûϣֻõԱǰҲ˾ֵӣʱûȥ׷
Ѷõ۾һգգضҹɨ衣
ι˧ҲôɣҪٿȥҿҪҲôˣҹȻƤɱôſҲʮֲ
ȻһɱõѸٵֱ̧ۣǰӶҹġ͸ӡǺܺµġ
ٶҹεЦЦķģһ㲻Ůˣåġ
˭֪⻰˵֮õĿʱù


027 ŵķʽ
϶ˣǣôˣ벻ʲôҹĨ˰Ѷͷûеĺ̾ڵŮ˼붼ôУҪʲôϿʣ˸Ͽߡ
ߣõڿˡ
Ҳ֪㲻ܣǣҹ̯̯֣ʶã˵һȫӽ͸ܣҲûзϣ㿴һЩ뿴Ķһ㶼ܿӦòɣҿûȥʲôµ飬ߡץȥƬо
ƬʲôģȻֻһЦҹ֪Ȼ٣Ǵ˵һץ֮󣬻ᱻץȥоʲôġ
෴ֻҪЩ˲ʲôľٶǲܵκδšҴߣûжʵǲ˺ܴõġ
ҹ֮ǰģ͸ӣһЩȥ͵ЩÿĶ֮⣬ҲֻȥС齫ˡȥĳ߳ƵȻҲԣûбǾͻúѿ
Ȼܸ֪ΧĶǵװʱûзʲô쳣õʡ
ҵĸ֪ΧСģҹΪԼһڻ֤ԼʵϺֵùע˵Ҳûô޳ܡ
ҹȥ֪˼ڷ飬ǵȷе޳ˣΪǸʱܸ֪ʲô󲿷¶ǹ̶ġ
֪һʲôط𣿡õͻȻһ⻰
֪ҹҲȷ̫˽Щ
ǿ֪ʥꡯˣõʡ
㵽˵ʲôҹ΢΢ü
ʵϣȻ֪֣ȴʥţֻȻЩ˵
ʥϻĹߺ߸ּĵطרŴԽͨ˲Ĺ참ִзһɵ񣬶־ʥС棬һĳǣͨ޷İӣͻֲ֣Ҳûа취飬ͻʥ档õ򵥵ؽ֮Ĺϵ
ˣǻһȵɡҹ˸Ƿ
õ΢΢üͷǵͷʡ
гԵ𣿡ҹȻˣһ޹飬ܶڶûг緹
õȥҪŭ֪ôģ󷴶Ƕ˶¶һ˿׷ֵЦ⣺ʲôԡ
̫ˣһͱȸոǸԶҪ󷽵ö࣬ǼһǮ󱣽ûǮҳԷҹԹš
㻹˵ʲôɣȥ򡣡õ΢΢üǸʲôԶŵһȽϣ治ʲô˸˵Ļ⡣
Ҫǹ;ͲÿˣŮ͵Ļҿɲ㣬ͳԵ֮İɣҲҪ̫࣬ҹõתҪȥ׼æѣʮ͹ˡ
͡
õЦˣŤͷҹһۣ⣡
ֻǷ㲻ɣҹЦЦ
õûش𣬴Ѷҵ߳ȥûת˸˴ˡ
Ȼ൱׵飬õֵˣȻ˵ǾֵĶͷ˾ɣǵȨʵʵġһ仰ֺ޲ܴžȥѰӸ
ôһҹǿõ˳ˣŮȻ濴ͦģ˻ٱ˹˼ˡ
ʵЦҹԷ⻰͵һüΪʲôΣհťæû˵
ʲôõʡ
ȿȡպŻܿҹת̫죬ûעͰûĵĻ˦ȥˡ
㡭õǳ鴤˼£Ǳˡ
Ůˣ˵ѿҲ޶ԡ
ȿȡôأҹ֪Լˣæ⡣
˵һ飡õǲưոˡ
ҹҲù˭õʱʱԼҪҪ˵ı飬ҪȻҲк仰
ҲŮˣô˵Ҳֵģû֤ݵֻܿʮСʱʲôȨͲ֪ˣŮһǱȴǵͣ˰һӶпܡ
ҿɲ˵ѿҪϡ
õЦãЦպϻܿⲻû˵ֻ˵úܺѡ
벻԰ˣ΢üͷŭ
õҲ֣˵ԼǸģƫƫһ֮ȴо˺˼ӡ
Ǳ߶ҹѾʡԼĴ󣺡ұ˵ǣЦӺܺÿ
šõ˵⻹ܾ࣬ùֵֹġ
ҹһӾ͸ĿڣúԼвһҲûȥ飬Ҫ̸ء
ͶӦöЦЦҪΪһ·ģ·СǻǿһúˣҹɲһӣֻΪǰ̫أŻԵЩƣѾ⿪ЦȻſھ
·õŶƮߣ˵ص㡣
æ˻ͷԼֱһˣ벻֣ʥꣿ
ʥꣿҹһ¡
칦ܣȻĿǰܲǿʥĻкܶ취ܣʱԱøǿ󣬶һкܸߵʴȻӴҲԳΪĵӢõĻȻջԼȴƺųЩһϵı鶼ø䵭һЩԸ⿼ǵĻҿΪƼ
ʥ꣡
ƺһջ˵Ŵ󲿷õ֮ǰĽܺ󣬶лܼʥȤı꣬ǿʵĵӢۣ⼸κһڳ˵οڵһأ˻ܾ
˰ɣԼкܶҪҹûκοǵʱѾ˴𰸣ңҲ̫̫˵Ӣۡ
Ҳ̫˵Ӣۣ
仰õǰһƺûκʧҹؿһ˿ϲ
ͬ־ˣԶһСż첽߽Ѷҡ
ӭͿõظҹӣʱһɵˡ
ܰɣ
Զæ۾ȴѾõһر䡣
ˣһ¥İӣܳġԶæѰӷŵϽܵ
ţղһԼŵķʽԣԲŻۻġ
ţ£Գȥˡõһۣ˵
ǣͬ־ʲôҪĻֱӸ˵ͿˡԶ˵߾׼˳ȥˡ
õͷʾԳȥˣȻһתͷҹԲԲİô
ԶûԸͷ
ʲôԱڸɷְ̽飿̫ˣ
ûϵ԰ӳ԰ӣҹһɷԾҲûУԹǰץӾζ治Ҳ
𣿡õ⻰Ȼһ͵ߣͻȻԶ㶵վ΢΢üʵ㻹ʲô𣿡


028 ̫
ûûԶæ˳
ǽһƣǸҹɷʲôħȻַӾͰֵŮ㶨ˣ
ԲۣԼҲɣҺôҲһϵͳģôȲһɷ
˿Ǻ޲ܱˣȥҹҲ֪ԼҪȥַ֤Ӿͱ֮ͬ־һ߷ɣٱһŶ˵׼
ѶõҹһһŰӣʼֻЩĵҹ꣬۾͵𣬶Ҳſˡ
ȻѿһһȻûͣʱ򣬺ȥĵطĶӣһ޵׶һ
֮ǰʮӣҲֻ˳һ˵ûҹĳʮﻹʮҹԱĴ㡣
ڿҹûԱԾˡ
ιԵʲôʱ򣿡õһһ¼ȴһСİ̲סʵ
Ȼǳ갡˱˷ѣҹתͷֵʣ¶
õƲƲǣһ䡰ԻҲûٴߴ٣˵ɡ
òӶյҹҲĶƤӣԱˣҿ𣿡
ιⶼûأĶߣõ
ԭû갡һΪ˰¶ǽءҹŶŶһû˵ֲ֪ӣʰɡ
֮ǰʹ㣬ԲԲôõʣ̰ѶԷܵ·˵ûϵǿİӵķݶϣҲشҡ
òƲİɣҹʡ
˵ص㡣õ࣬˭óʵϸû
ҵʱ֪ҲûпҲΪܴõʲôмֵϢҹҲЦɫǸӦúһߣһΪĹߡ
Ȼ֪ߣҾ֪㲻һߡõһͲµӣ㻹֪һЩʲô
Щ鱨˵ַ߲廹жദĥ˵ĺۼ˵Էһߣһ̬Ĺߣһʺ׷ﷸ
ҹ˼ԣõҲһƯŮǰѶԷƵ̫ܻܿ⵽ӱ̬ı
һֵıǾǺܿµģԱҲԻԲ
ˣԼ֪ҪʲôõЩССĲڹߣ֪٣
٣ͨҲвֻ֪ǿ޷ȷȷ֪Ͽ϶йһˣѡҹ
ûô򵥰ɣӦ֪ܲЩ黹֡õ
ҹһۣ֪Է֮⣬˵ȥԼϣܾԼԸ˵Ĳ˵
⵹ҹһֺøУоζġ
ҸߵĹϵܸӣһ仰˵ҹ˵ʱ΢΢һҵĸĸǹߣҿܻʥĳԱЩҸ˵֮ϣܰұܡ
Ŷõһ£֮ʶԷ˵ʲôģ˵ĸĸʥԱǺأ
ҹǰǲˣģҲ֪
õĿЩ漴ƽʥԱŮһ㶼ΪֵһԱԭûа취֣ҲرİãΪʲô
ҹüͷһ£֪飬ҡҡͷкܶ飬һʱ˵ЩҲ𣬵ϣұܣ㲻ŵĻ͵˵ѣһ㣬ҸİӣһϵҲûС
㡣õ֣صصͷ
ллҹЩжˡ
һԱ˵ӦŵӦ֤ݣտ˵׻ȻѾչ˲׵ܣ˵ʵ񾯷֤һЩҲ֤Լ
չ涨ӦǱѹʮСʱûκµʱŻᱻͷŵġ
Ȼõһֱʤ֤ݵˣѾضʾΡ
Ҳһİ참ԱӦģȴԸѡ
лҵĸҲʥԱõһ˿ݣڻŵ길׵ӣҲˡ
ҹĿһ̧ڶԷ۾ҵƺһĶ
Ȼֻô仰ѣһ˵ľȴǱӽ˺ܶࡣ
˵ĿǰİӰɣϣõİõ˸ĶܿʧȻֱָ
ȻҲ룬Һûа취ʲôҹҡҡͷҲû̫ʱ䣬ҵʱܽš
ңֻڣԺҲһҪʱϣܸһ𡣡õ˵
㡭ҹŬŰûѿڳһֱȽĿûɣ
Ҿͬһˣõҹӣǵٴ΢΢𣬡ΪԵİӣΪҶΣΪͬҲӦðҡ
ҷǳлİӣҲܸжΣĵ׵ĳһ˲䣬ҶѾҪˣҹƲƲ죬ĺæ֮⣬ĺѰﵽĶˡ
ʲô㣬ո˵ĻԼͦŮ˵ģһת۾Ҫǿǣôֻʱ䣬Ķô๦
ǴİɣõòƲ˵ȴβסһ˿СŮĵ⣬ǰ㵽ڳ˳¼ھǰӦѾ쾩Ҳû쾩ٴγ˳ļ¼ô£

ҹˣԼСŮˣһ߶˵ŲԼһ߶Ͱ˸ͨ͸ֲøո˵ģô׾ˡ
պ޷һһҵͷ޶ĶһǶʡ֪ҵμҵĴԣںܶ˶ţΪһŮˣһνаŴºŰ޳ĹɱõȤ˵ţЩ϶ѾӡˣֵǣаŸֳֵʱ䣬ոպ¼뿪޵ʱ򣬶ʧʱ䣬ȴָʱӵһ˵ǲɺϣ
˵ʲôһ˵ɡҹۣлǻģĻ͸Ҫע⡣
ոжţжӰͬӰ
Ȼûֱӵ֤ݣЩϸڱôȻѾ˶ۡ
õ֮ǰ͹עСطİӣֻôһĹʲôѾҹҲòϣֵĵ治Ǹǵġ
˵ǣõһûΪҹļɱúãɱʹ죬Ժ飬һҪң

仯̫죬ҹҲе̫ĸо


029 Һһ
ȿȡעݣ
ҹ˵ֻо۱ŤˣԼֵעݣǲѶԷԼ֣ҪŹԼ
ˣòŮֱ仯ˣŮʮ˱䰡
ְ࣬˾ǸõȴǷ߷ߵ˵
һԲǸɽҹţʵĿ
ô˵¶㲻׼׷ǰɣҹʡ
ʲôҲϣõ׷ĻȻãһоôعȥˡ
Ȼõͷ
ǲǿˣҹʡ
ԡ
ݰݣ
ҹæߣʡŮһٱԡ
ȵȣո˵ң㻹ûдӦءõȻˡ
ҹҲ㣬ҵʱĺܽ
޵İһҪȥһ£Բң⡣õϵ˵
Բۡҹǽһ
֣ôҪ
˵໰õü
˵ˣҧңҹҲü
ҵİ֣ôǣõپЩСڡ
ԿǰҪҹصͷ
㡭õɫҲ΢΢һ£벻Է˵åһ֮΢΢һҸףҲǰ뿪ģĸһӦö˵ʲô
ҹӶȻһȭͷҲ
ģ
ġ
Һһ𡣡
һ𣡡
õ֣ҹػƣȻһ
ͬ־
ԶŽȻûȻˡ
ꡭĵһֻ걼ڶѵǿŵķʽֲԣ
زۣõѾɫʣʲô£
ǡǡԶһʱеĲԼǸʲôˣոշһɱԣһְҵڣѻǹһǹͷǻǡ
СԼͺˡȶԷ˵꣬õѾͷػִϡ
СӣԶҭֱá
漰ְҵɱֵɱô㲻СӰɣ
ȻõѾȷ˵ⰸӲ֣ԶȻҲٶ˵ʲôûȤˡ
ֻӷ飬һʱȻɵվ֪һҪʲôˡ
ΪʲôӸȤҹҲûȥԶ󣬶˵ԼʣѵֻΪ漰˹ߣ
ǹߣҿʬ壬Ҳӷҽ˽صֵƤֲϻõ˵ʱҲأһɣܿһŮ壬ΪħŹֹ֮еİ֪࣬Ҫ
ֲרְҹʡ
õҡͷαװͨɱİӣֲƵǲֵģһ⣬޹أֻʹް࣬ǹ֮еİࡣ
Ϊǣҹʡ
ոšõ˵
ҹȴЩͷˣŮ˵󣬲֪Էָ̧̧ͷܰ
Ҳͨǿö࣬Ҫ˵ǸħޣԷַӸж
ҪСģϵҡҹҲᾡ⣬ֻҪһˡ
ƾԷһǰĻҲԷ¡
ĵ绰ҡõ
ҹԭֻͶˣҪǲκ׷ԼڻûУҡ
ðɡõҲܸɴֱ࣬ӴӿڴһͣͰԼֻ
ãҹҲֱӰֻҾˡ
ţõͷҲСģǳϵ
ԭѾԶֱʯˡ
ӡǣֻ֡ٶҲ̫˰ɣǲҪԼʱ䣬صžžžˣ
𣿡Զǻ湴ճõѾˡ
ҡȥæ
ԶæѶ˳ȥߵҹǽһĽʺް
ҿһۣ㵽û˵Ľ䣬Ĳͨһ绰

ҹ뿪֣һ·ţﵹǰѸõĶԻһ顣
һû뵽һ׮鷳¶Լݣûʲô鷳ʶõôһ
ǰͻȻõĸϢûκνֻͣôһ仰Ҫȥһ¸ĸ򣬶֪Ҫȥ˭
ֻԼ֪ĸһʥ֯صڣܽӴģʱֻһͨˣһȱԶҲûа취ͨˡ
ҲΪʥŻ֣߸ʺԭһƽϣֻ֪ĸ˭ɱǣǵǲˣȨҪ֪
õҪһЩ֣ò˵ǰȫģЩ꣬ѵضգʱ̶ڵЩصĺ֡
֪ЩҲ֪ǲǵڻѰԼ֮ǰظܵɱֵвǽҺСİѾˡ
֮ǰĶԻõͬģĸͬǰͬûеõԭֵֻ
Һԣ֣ЩһҲ鲻Ҳ֮ԸõһµԭһĿһġ
̫˵ӢۣܣǶҪԼߵˣ˽ȴ޿ָ
Ϊĳ̶ֳϣӢֵܺߣΪ֣֪ĸԭ򶼲ܣȴһҪȥ
ȻĿǰǶ̫ʲôҲˣţһõҲһᣬһ죬ǻ῿Լֽҿյס
ҪģԼǿǿǿʥ궼òĵز
ͷһӿҹҲоѪҺڵʱĽŲȴͻȻһ¡
ף
ʶķΧмĵظ
ҹһͷǲõ˵ĶǻѻԼΣĸ
ͷ̾ͱˣʥ֯ʲô˶˵ģõҲһΪ˰참Լ׵˵ѵˡ
һϸ̽ʱ͸ȷһ㣬˲Żǰ࣬¾롣Ҫ˵·ԻɣЩ̡ι״ķͿɲŪɡ
ЩһС죬Ÿոһ죬ûеʲôˣôС춢أ
Ϊ˸һô£ҹû취ѣյشЩˣ߽һƧ
Ѿʶ̽ˣһͬôõĵص㣬ԷĻ͸øˡ
ȻҹһٽŲʱѾЩѾұø࣬ʮ
ʲôˣǲҴˣҹͷЩӺΧˡ


030 
ǲǽҹһʡ
ң˭ҹһʡ
Ȼ˵ȥɣ͵ðγһѽ߳ĿһҹȥҪñ𣡡
һͲǹߣȻͨҲһݽɫǵҹȻͲ
һץסҹüͷʵ˭
̣ŭҪѿȥɲôǯסһͲ˿
֮£ֻðѿһɣȭͷҹı
ŭ˻ƣԹ۵һ۾Ϳҹ֮Ĳ̫ŵ򲻹˼ңѵˣǲҰ
뵽ôǰȥæѾҹһץסȭͷ˳һһͣ˶ŷһ˳ȥ
ǼҪǰæˣһŤͷʱѾҵˣʱ˸
ԲԲҹʱҲӦŲµһЩѵûи˵Ҹõûйϵ𣿡
ģΪмǮʲô¶ûˣӣӽҲҪñ𣡡ԲԲĸ˺⣬ӵԱ߶һ֣ң¶һ˿š
Щƽܲ٣ҪҪǻЩ𡣿ԲԲĸôһ˵һŹϵò֣˶Էı֤ʱשͷͳҹ˹
ʮͬʱ֣һʱשͷɣ˭ñҵͷѪ
ҪǽҪһҵͷ͵ˣȻɵúܡ
ֻϧǻСҹһ˾ͿԷֻ£Ǵ󲿷ֵשͷȥм仹ֲ£ðѶ㲻ȥĵһ߶ȥ
̿ûаѣɵؾ˼ҹˡ
ơƿԲԲĸɫе䣬ȴҧ
ӣġҲ֪˭š
ңǾܣһ˵ţһľӽͬھ
һ£ȻѸٵذ׼õơƿó
ҹ۽һơ϶µ޻ѾʲôʶһɨȷװĶ͡
٣Ҫƴ
ôԼãƴҪñҹûдôģֶζóԼǲĳ˶ȷһҲ̫ȱ۶˰ɣ
Ҫñ𣬾͸취ҵ֣˺سƴҹмƴһΣǰɱˣ֪֪ɱõʱҲˡ
ˣŴЩʽЦݣΪһᱻ仰ƭˣʵ㣬Ǿ֣֪ҲûãϾҪˡ
죿ҹһ¡
ң
ôһ˲䣬ʮȼơƿѾźĻҹ˹ȥ
ЩҵĸͲһλãǰһƬΧȻûҹӳȥ
һȺͿ
ҹһ̾æ
Χ˾ͿһӰƴ߷ɿƶΣǵҪ˵ˡ
Ľȴģһʱ䣬ӳȥơƿ˵ƿûһֱ䵽ϣȫ˴ɵ˸ԶĵطȻš顱һȼ
Բۣ
ԲԲۡ
ôҲ̫˰ɣ
һȺĿɿڴؿںͬͷȼյĻ棬ٿǸҪԸĶһĿٵϡ
˼ԣǿ̫ǿˣͲЩܶԸ˵ġ
˼û֣ҪֵĻЩ˶˶˼ҵѪ
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ߣҲ״ҵ˼ʱȴĬĬһơƿһֻս˴
ӣ߰ɣԼȥһҪͬھļƣæȰ
۸ֵܣҲŹ㣡
¶ģ˭ȰҲͷʱȴͻȻžһϲ磡
ӦһӰһûж˵ȭŲõؾͳҹȥˡ
ףҹոҪһ£ͻȻ˺ǿ
סʵúԶͨ˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ǵõصĴУ϶Ҫ˲òֻһ
ȭҹƤɨ漴һţո˹һԷһתϥ䣬ͬʱһÿҹľǡ
ҹľ˲ֻϺǿЩʽҲС
⼸䣬Ҳ¹󹦷רŵ˽̵һϰǾҲ˵ʱñ˸á
ͬʱ˲ĸɵ·ӣǸֶѧһԼҰ·ӡ
ܰѴҰܵķʽ̶ֳȣе˲
ιֵܲӣҲ𣿡˵Ĺͦͨ˶ԣҹ˵ֻʼʱԾһ¶ѡ
֮ǰûнܴеʱҪֳʤҲǸδ֪οڵҹʱܱȵġ
ϻ˵۸ֵܣǲУҲܸɴֱ࣬ҪҹſǷǡ
ǲӣҹˡ
Ҫúúͽһ£֣ԷͲ̸ܸ
ͣٺһһкֵһϣ
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ٵǻ飬ȿ׼һᣬȻȥҪסҹĺͿǰӰһΣӭѶ˸š
һͬҲ˻ᣬ־һשͷȥ
ͷϺܹٵ˰
ôס֣Ҳư
Ҫ֪һ඼ԼֵܣҪЩǸҹһˡ
Χһͣ̾͸о˺ܶࡣ
һͬʱȻⲻ԰Щ˶ԼˣôԽǰæԽ򲻹һԼһ˴Ƚɣ
һ̾ʶ϶ǶԷڸԼʱ򣬻ܷļΧÿÿֵǳҪæʱ󶼱ɵԼˡ
룬ЩڴҿǸûᣬʵϵȦס
ôһ룬ҲһĻ˵˼ұԼܴöֻ࣬ҪԸ⣬ַӾܰſ£ΪЩġ
𣿡ҹɻҲ򲻹ңǻѻ˵ȽϺá
۾һ£漴ȴӷ򲻴ùǵô֪
ԽҹΡ
˰벽ʽһ䡣
žž顭
Ѹٶ֣һȴǴԼһ׼֮׼ضһ
ͬǣҹվԭûжȴŵվȡ
ҹҪ˵ʲôԷȴѾͻɽһ


031 ۸
ҹüͷһ壬粻ѲֱǸ֪ˣ˭ܿóȻҲͦǸûʤ㣬ȴî˾ǰ塣
ûˣҹʡ
꣡ش
ҹҲͷһοôִŵˣ£һ־ظԼȥҲеˡ
ȻЩ˶磬ҹ۹˵ͻǴ
еȵģŨŨĽüɵĶ̴ͷһͷǸһֱţͺһ֪ʲô¡
ͷ󣬵Ǵÿһȭȭ綼óһ˲֪˶١
ҹܸоԷһߵûУҲ˵ĵȷȷһͨˡ
һѴ˽ŵĳ̶ˣ˵һ˿Ϊ
ǲһʲôţҹҲܸôȥҲٿ
顭
̾͸оʲôУԷһģһȭȭŶԽţȶȣϥϥ
ǣÿһεײԿϣԷԵѹƣϣ㲻ףԷΪʲôһ֪ҪʲôһĶ
򣿡ҹʡ
Ҳ֪ˤ˶ٻˣһ͸˷ܼһһ˵˼ûС
б±ѧҡӴ绰û˵꣬Ѿһؿڣʱˤȥ
㲻һɣҹ˿ȣôȥ˼𡭡ոȥ
ҹﻰû˵꣬ͿԷѾֳˡ
εģеҲ˻Ҳ֡
Χ۵˾Ϳһֱƽ״̬ˣʣµֻж类һȭͷһƵغŰ
ƽÿʮ룬ܿˤһΣ⵱лսʱ䡣
м䡭мͱȭͷͰƸˡ
žžž
顭
ȻûдԼϣÿһ죬Χ۵Щһﶼоϲһ¡ͬʱҲ磬ôʵ
顭
һηɳȥͬʱҹ̧ڵһߣಡطһשͷոպôҪȥơƿĴ
ȻҲҲܸѾ׼Լȥҹƴˡ
ôֻԼñҲҪǿĵزҰɣҹŭ
ȣٵŭӣҸͬھɣ
ͬھҹЦˣǸʸ𣿡
˵Ծ֪ˡͿҹһţವһǽͷϡ
Բۡ
һȺˣ٣ѾĶ硣
һƧͬ٣ǽн׸ߣǵʱǿ׼طҹ߽ͲܵóȥŸ˴һΧ
һΧƨ׸ߵǽ˼һžȥˣʣԼЩأȥӣ
ٵɫúѿʱҲףҹ˵ĲͬھҲûʸ
ǹߣҡҡλεشӵ
·Ѿˮ͸ΪڵˤΣǱһˣüǹɾǿľͷȴ˿
ҹ˿ɣԼҪȥһпܻʹ
ҲǹߣҲ࣬ҹûоȶԷ֪ߣõ˵һкܶͨҲ֪йߴڣ˵ͻȻԶ˿ˣܰҽһ£ҲǵĳңҲãҲãʵҪǲ˱ڹôովǶɱˡ
ҹһ仰ȻŻˣҲһɱ˿
Чȷˣڳˣ˶ɫ֮⣬˶˸ͻ
ǲԼͬ뵽ҹ˵ľȻǶԵģ˼Һ񻹺ɡڶ֮ǰ˰ʮɱˣѹ֪˭µ֡
ô˵Ĳ֣ã롣
壬𣿡ȳĲǾ죬ȴǿż׿ǳĪС
֨һѳӼͣȻͼ³
СħŮڳСǶʧ
СôҲֵ
ôǣҴģոиŮ˵߿鷳ˡĪСӦ
壿
㿴ңҿ㣬ȻԼͬذĿȥ
壬˵λɣòҲɣޣⲻص㣬һˣڻŵһСħŮ찡ӻò˹ˣ
ءҹҲǽϻӦ
壬վôʲôĪС̧ͷҹͺǻȻһһָΧˣǲ۸㣿
Χ˴󺹣Ǳ۸ţ㿴ֳ۸һ
ʶҲɻʵ
ȻʶˣɫĴ壬ĪСĽٴҹһͷߣ漴СħŮһָ˵ǲ۸ˣ
۸۸ˣЦſ˿ϣһֱ۸ңҶû۸
Ҿ֪ɫǴˣҪȻôܵҵأĪС
СħŮɱãһҪ㡭ͻȻոյĻͬھܣô
˵ȻɫǣҲǺɫǣ˵ҸʶģҪʲôҲʲôңôͻȻȥãĪСû˵̫̼ٵĻ⻰Ҳҹһ£Ȼһ£ʼο٣ҰѴ͵Ǳȥסģ㲻Ϊҹȥðɣ֪ںѹԲԲˣǶŹĪСģҵǸ쵰˵Ļһж˿飬ӵιˡ
治૵
ӣ㵽˭˵ϢʱҲЪѵ㻹ҪˣܱǰﱿӸץˣ
ĪС˵Ŷļ򣬡ȿȡôôడ
εЦЦҪǴĻͲᱻôˡ
˾
⣡簵һӿѾˣԼܵˣԼֵǿɾûˡ
û°ɣΪһŮ֮ǰҹ̸õ
û£ΪǺõˣҹָһٵ
õĿһ£Ͼ׶Էνġʡ϶һķʽ
˭õϢ
ھֻûаѶչ͸¶ʱܺ˵ļȴѾҪ˽ɱ˱ˣȻϳģ϶ڲ˹͸¶Ϣյܺ
⡭ҡ룬û˵ʵֻǿ˱ץߣôͱųָǼסڣԲŻ϶
ӣ㻹ɵɾͲˣǼһ϶Ҫ赶ɱˣô͸ĸ˵ǹʹ


032 ҪŮ˵Ķ
ֻҡõֱӣҪֻ
ƾʲôһ֪Է϶ͨ绰¼Էݡ
Ų۶Է˼Ȼܽȥôȥٵ
Ϊֻ˾Ҳ¼𣿡õ˵
һ㶣Ծ˵ƺǺ׵飬̫ˡ
˭Ҳܻʡ
ǡž١һҲزֻÿˣҲûֱ˵ҹֻ˵¶ﲻңǸڱץǸˣΪкӲĹϵѾˡ
ǽͷǸ˵Ĳ类ͷðָ̣ٵԴôװʺû˵ǰʾȥô˵ٱˣ˲ţΪǺˣ
ǽͷ˭õ΢üͷ
һԶĻ쵰ʰͻȻԼ˭ǰ˵ʵط񣬸ո˵Ķ
õҹһֻ֣һ¡
ҹѱǶԷֻ˹ȥֻѸٲͨһ룬ȻŻͲֻ˵һ仰Զ˱ˡ
ҹ֪õݻ˵˶ˡ
ˣǻΪҪһ£˵ƾԶ˵Ǽ仰Υ˹涨ҲһӾͱɣ
˼ô򵥣飿ƨֱӿ
ǴûӣҲ֪Ů˾Եò򵥣Ȩƽʱľ죬֪˶ٱˡ
ҹһ£ٿʶˣһСħŮһλȥôҲǸħŮǻ۸ҹɱҹ治֪ôдġ
ɱõˣϣ㲻ҪƵ飬Ͳ˵ˡõ⻰Ȼ˵ġ
ҡ֪ˡҲЩڣڿ˱˵ĵˡ
˻ΣҪΪ¶ԼˣõĳȴûбԼͱ˵ǹʹˣǲı
壬ֻҶĪСȴһץݻҹֻ
͵İҹĿ⳯õһۡ
涪ˣҪŮ˵ĶĪСһֻӻõ˳ִӰһͣҵֻá
ȿȡ
һƬĿ
õҲûн⣬תһֽƬݸҹҵĺ룬ǵóϵ
壡ĪСҪȥҹȴѾװڴˣֻŮǿ
壬ܱ年СҪáõĪСһ۵˵
Сӣ㿴СˣĪСͦͦȶԷ͹лҪǿҵĴڡ
õޱƽ죬һĪСĸͷ
һߣĪС˴ͷӣôһȣɲԵĪССһô
ˣĪСһʱŶԷıӰҲ̫ƽǿ
Сӷ̫粢ãȥһºȵ̷۰ɣõͻȻͷȴĪСǶŶ磬ղ˵ҪúʰԶ󣿡
˵𣿡ʧʡ
˵ô˵ģҲôģڴҲϡ
ְ࣬ݺݵʰøӣõ˵꣬ҹ˵ͷˡ
ͬ־ЩŻˡʱǰʾ
ͬڻһƬǽ壬չǽͷ˺ںһƬԾǰЩġ
ǣֹտõ˿ˮ˵⻰ʱѾصһϣɿҪȥˡ
տʾ˿ЦһǾտɡ
ɢ˰ɣסԺ١տ
СǶãصͷҲ˿ԼơƿչĵطԺ϶տˣ
һ϶ôûкȹ̷ֻۡĪСצҪ׷ȥǸŮۡ
ûгԣǱȥԷòãҹһ߶קһ߶顣
ǺðɡոջʮĪС˲ƽ㻹ûԷôҪͶǣȻԷ
ʵҲһҹӣʮŶʮŸӣղŴһܣֶˡ
εһ緹ʮŸӻĶ˰ֱǳͰ
ǺðɣǾȥԷĪСתͷŻǣǣȻ۸壬ڴû£ǸһԷɡ
šæӦ
һܣǶҲء
С㻹ûиǽһءڴ˵
ŶλҵڣССĪСһοҹϣʲôţ
ҹ
ɫǴҹĪСתͷһָ磬Ƕո
֣ҹһ³ޡ
ӣӣӣӣë
ΪĪСôȻһҲûмǴֻҹֵǣĪСôһǧС㣬ôһСʶһǺϤӡ
ҹ磬ո˵Լǹߣǲ࣬ô°꣬ͼɴʡ
Ĺйϵһ仰仰Ҳ˵ҹ˸ۡ
ܲܽңҿ԰Ϊʦʡ
ҹеΪˣԼûгʦ¶˵Ҳ㡣
һͷһμոͽܣȫȷԷʲôƷ˵ǺʵˣԼĶǸ˵ģ˼ɱĵùУҲ֪Ժ᲻鷳ǲǺԭҲɲ̸ˡ
ǺǣûʲôҾһʣҲصͷҹĹҲĶ֣Ҳʱģһҿ϶ܳ㡣
лᣬһʦһЩҹ顣
ǵǣҲǵģˣҲͻͽġԴź˵
߲ûУһҵм򣬾СУ޼ҶŲֻһߡ
Щ˱˵һǼˣҷ׷ǹʣƾʲôһİ˵ͽܡ
Ա˳ŵ𣿲֪ԹŶһ仰̻ͽܣʦ
ִӵѧ䣬Ҳ֮伫ΣŻᴫڣȻĻܹڼ壬Ҳһ̸ġ
ʵֻҪû⣬϶йԸգǲǶԷΪ̫ͣͲʶҹ
û䣬̶ֳܰȣ˽̵Ļ϶һ֡
Ҳôġмŵصͷһİ
ιǻ߲ˣϳĪСߴţҪʦĻΪʲôأִ򲻹ң
æͷҡø˹һ㵱ʦѧɶѧô
ߣˣϳںϡĪСǲذ˸һۡ
ϣôʮ˦ȸܣһ׳ۣ
ؼǵȵ˳Էĵضֱܰקڶˡ


033 йϵ
󸶶ǻûиȥĪСĳӵȷֻˣЩҲĪС䷹
һ緹ѣǵûǸزټ͵СħŮ㲻˸ղŵľˣǿɾ͸ˡ
磬Ǹҹ粻ǳɣٻЩĵʡ
֪ˣȥˣҲһϸֲʣôίңԵ޹ʰһᣡ
ǸҡҲõĳˣôҶС̽͵
˰ɣҿҹҲˣҪȻҲẰһҹˣСˣǺ˽ҹΪˣɫеεһ䣬СɾͲһˣСĵɡ
ٵıҲеŹ֡
СħŮǳģǰ˵ƽϣ磬ҲȫпܵģǸͷ۵⡣
ҲֻǹŹһ£ĬĬСħŮ¶˰ɡ

ôҹֵʡ
ΪֱϮˣ˵һְҵɱ֣ǾѻǹϰɵһڱˡСħŮ԰ӡ
Ȼأҹû߼
ɱˣ˵ĪӦøСģڼţҪܲŶԣôԼأ
Ȼܲã뵽ҪҴˣд屣ңͲôˡĪСȻеģһûӰʳ
ϰҲ𣿡ҹǵĪƺǷԵģһγ£ӦøӽôŮġ
ǰ˵㣬ʹӦˡĪСҲе֣ϰôôת䡣
ʵĪ鵱ȻǲԼŮˣŮٴϮ֮ĪҲʶԣԼıƺûôס
ʱѾҹĻҪС
¶ĿǰҲǵļҸԼˣֶģ˵ĿǰûʲôìܵļҲûʲôҪƴһĶ֣ŮαɱͲ֪Ҫȥ˭Ҳ֪Ҫȥ˭Э˵ĵĵط
ת˼ٸͷ֮ʱŮҹʱҲǾѻǹҹڹؼʱ̰Ů˵˵˾Բ򵥣ԼЩӦ̶ֳˡ
뵽Щ֮һʱҪϵҹ͵õҹץϢһϾͱץˡϸ˽֮󣬷ҹǱԩģھƺһЩʲô¶һ߲ǿԲܲʮСʱѾˡ
ЩɶӼᶨĪҹŮľģûһͼȥҹŮڱڵİб֮£ԼȥҹӴȻҲǳοǵġ
ҹһ£Ҳ¶˸˾ŲʮͲ׷ЩˣЩôʶİ
ǰʵǺܲģһϽ֣мåҪ۸ңȻʹ˰ǼļһˣǾͳ˺ˡĪСı˹ȥҲܿ졣
ôǺеһǣеӡ
ΪǴ򲻹ҰĪССȭͷ㿴ɣʵҲǺܴģ
ҹЦû浱¶˲˵϶ҪĪСҪǿһǿöࡣ
ˣȻҪȥҹʡ
쵽ڣƵƵ£һŮаħַɱȻ¸ɱ֮ûʲôϵҹȻ˼һʯִӦҪĪСͲܵ˺
ҴȥһɫϲĵطĪСգգ۾˵
ҿɲȥŮá
ᡭ

Сʱ˳ѧУ԰ſڡ
벻㾹ȻǴѧҹѧУ԰ϤС
ѧ޵ҽѧԺȻǴˣҽѧԺ
ҲŲǴѧءĪСЦš
ҹҲȥ磬ĪСѧҲһ顣
֮ǰѾӦõǸħֵ䣬ȻΪڽ𰸼֮Ǹδػ֣ȻЩ̫ˣܻܿʥע⡣
һ򣬾һԷֵĻѧУ԰ҲһҪĿ֮һ
ǰŮǸԷתĿĻѧ϶ѡǻ֪ļѧ֮һȫصĲŮ϶ǶԷصעĵط
ι壬ʲôĪСͷҹ˼˳ʵ
ûʲôֻǾﻷ治ҹҲӦһ¡
ǵȻﻹкܶŮأĪСЦţ㲻㹴ŮҲ㱻˹
ҹЦЦ
һλŮУ칫ʲôط֪𣿡һλʮͣŽ۾ȥĶŵ˧˴ӳܿĪС·
֪ͼݵ·ҪҪȥĪСӦ
Ŷ΢΢һ£ȻʿЦЦͼҲȥĵط֮һ
˴ţһֱǰߣߵͷͼݣĪС˵ҹߣ壬ٲϿҪٵˡ
ҹԷţǻͷһǸڨĿˡ
ڨʽϣǺЧһطܶԷ˵ĶװȻܺԷԼȥһ¡
һŮֻҪԼûʲô£һ㶼ŶԷȥһ£Ƕֿȥܻ˧˧ģŮɱˣ͸Ǻˡ
ĪСǸ⣬ֱûлشԷ⣬׳һĴȵ˽֮󣬽žһɱ
һֱߵͷ͵ˡ꣬ȱ۶Ҳװװ򰡣
ףҹһۣȴСķһ⡣
˾Ȼһߣⲻɵġ
ոǸħĹ߻᲻ѧھһڨŮˣòҹעˡ
һעǾã˺
أҹʼն벻ôһ
壬ѹŮģԭˣߣĪСҹһֱͷǸڨˣ˵
ֻ˽һ˵ҹĵ˵һ䡣
㻹˽⣿ġĪСӱӡ
ҹʼ磬ҲûȥʲôֻĬĬͳֻ
ĪСʡ
Ƭҹ
ĪСץ񣺡̫ˣҾͲˡ
ҹĶȥûѹвƬ֮̾ͷ͸õ
飬ȻõΪѸ׼ȷ
ףԭ㲻Ƭ°Ҿ֪ǸɫǵģԲϲˣĪСЩ˵˵漴ֽеǸ꾫
ҲҿǸѾԶˣȻǵĶԷעˡ
󹦷֮õĵ绰ֱӴ˹ҷѾ𣿡
ǸߣһڨѧƯŮҹֻӦ
ûⲻ˵ʱڣֻѾ㹻ˡ
˱ûʲô⣬òƸеϵõĻЩ졣


034 Ȼûɧ
йϵҹҲˡ
ϼŶ³Ķӡ
ֻ仰ҹѾΪʲôԼ죬õΪʲô˵Լйϵˡ
ȻɱԵֵܣȻʲͬģϵȷмơ
ûμҵļ̳ȨƾԼ⾭Ӫһ˾ʲǧ򣬡õŽܵľȫͬûʲôӼҴһʼͺע󣬽ǳһ𣬴ִ֧ҵѧΪ죬ҪμڴҵҵݽЩ˵ȷǡܴ󣡡
Ŷҹ۽Ƕһ¡
еȻûκεطʾǻģɼصúõ
ȷҹҲϡ
ҹܸоԷ䣬Ϊʶԭ򣬶ڸо˿϶ԵΪҪߡӵôǿȥΪ񵹲ֵ֣Ȼˣֶ֪ⲻò˵һ⡣
ĿǰҲֻһѣûκ飬ҲҪõҹ
ģˣ¡ҹ˵Ͱѵ绰ˡ
ԭǸ꾫Ǹһץһǿ˼ҳ˧ѹ𣿡ĪСһԵشҹԱʱʡ
ҪϲȥɡϧҹڰߣСħŮ񹦣ֱӾͰѻȥˡ
һֱǰߣߵͷĪСҹһۡ
ҹ˳ǣһֱߵͷȻͨõġ
ֻͷһۣûȥڨŮŸĪСһˡ

ʮӺĪСҹѧǰģǶʮһɫŮѧ
ǡҹЩ˶ſɵ˶װһʱûĪСʲô
˰ɣѧСгԱǵĶӳܽĪС˵ôɣ
СӣѧǣӦ֪ͨ԰ҹ˵
ɫǣһɫǣĪС˶Էһۡ
Ǻܶ˶ˣҿǺʳġҹٴһνķСӣСĪС˵
мģǿԵģҲǼϿĻ֮ˣӦǲõɫǵ⣬Ǽʳ
лһŮλڶ֮ϣȱ˵ΣͿͷǸɫǶоѹ
ȻҲѧ˼ѧǿɫ
岻ӣĪС֣صŭҹһתͷִյ˶ԷߣǲǴĲˣ
ٳһЩˡ
ѾܴˡĪС
˵ҹߡ
ȥԴӱǸŮ꾫ӹ֮ĪСԼ˵¶ˡ
ﻹʮ꣬ﻹ᳤ߵģ
ʦ㣬ǹˣڿԿʼϰ𣿡
ף˧Ҫ𣿺˧
ʦ֪ĵ绰˼Һϲ
ʦһҪһȻǻ۵ġ
ĪСܣŮѾΧ۷׷ˡ
ҹֻ䣬Щмܲסǣʵ÷ǣǵļƣǳɫǻᱻŵġ
ʱͻȻתһͷǸħļһֻΪĻδؾһרƯ֣ʲôصֻûзֶѡ
Ļȿȣǰ׽̣ôҲǹߣǸˮƽˣҲһӲµˣͨ˸֮Ĳࡣ
ҶһһҵһʵѡôҾϰõĥ𡭡ĪСļ仰ҹˡ
õĥ𣬵ʲô
Ҳ֪ĪСˣ仰˵ѵЩŮŮӷǸģµɫǣ
ڿʼ֮ǰôһµμӷСĳԣΪһõѵܷܷɡĪСһָǸֵŮ
ܷܷܷҹʱ㵣Ů㡭ôһĺ
һиɫǣͣȥɧԱߵŮǴҶֻ֪ûһ˸ҷܷܷ˵ʮַŭǣе˶ɧһ飬ǲɧҡ
ҹŲûаѿˮȥ𡭡ǽˣ
һҾͷģһҪԼǿ󣬰µɫǶ⣬Ǹҵɫǡܷܷ˵һȭͷ
ҹΪǸܷܷŮɫĬɫ֪ôһλɫɱֵĻһ˸ġ
һŮԼľ˵һ飬治бɫɧŹģͽˣҲûҹȡ
ŮʱˣĪСҹ˼ɫǡöȻʩչŮӷҹǽһͨˤ
㻹˵ĪСȻûиˮ׼ȻҲ治һЩʵӣ׿ϲ˵һЩʽϵգȻҲǺˮ׼ûдţ
ҹϵ£ĪСһʽ͸Եøɴ䣬ӢˬŮѧһƬ
ǴʵʱˣÿȻǳҹ
ҹ֪ΪʲôûԸˣһûŮĪСôһŴŮҲǸɣɵڶӦҲҪģǾǳŲס
ʮŮÿ˶ˤ飬һӹǲһȦҲɢˡ
˵üˣֱǱģҲûһԸˡ
Ůǽһ˷ܣͷһиôְϰҸɹǣ˧Ȼһûбˤ˵ӣǽʵò񻰡
ʦ㿴Բԣ
ʦҪϰһΣҸոûá
ҲҪϰһΡ
ҲҪҲҪ
һҪһҪ
ЩྐྵҩһŮǣҹҲͷƤ飬ڳȥײ˳
ʶ֮̽У⸽ûκΣյģҹҲõĪСʲô⡣
˵ȻڵʵԶͨˣΪսܵʹԶоȻʲô⡣
ôţҲⱻһȺŮץסɳһˤˤȥġ
֮һĿǺܲġ
λŮҪȥУң֪ô𣿡
ҸطϢһ£ҹͻȻһϤǸڨ˭
УڡŮƺһ£ȻܼԵ˵˼䡣
ԵЩɣԾε˵˼һǲ̫æܷȥһ£ȻЩðûб˼


035 ԽԶԽ
Բһб顣Ůֱӵؾܾˣ㲻Ļʱ˰ɡ
ҹŤͷһ£ԶˣУҲ̲סЦлʽȫˣֻϧһϹġ
һǰҵǻˣҵƬʿ˫ֵݳμĴݽģæ𣿡
ףҹüͷһ£Ŀֲ֮ˣαڨŮҲһˡ
⣬ٻǸŮȻҹ֮뿪ˣҲ֪ŮھϿ϶ܵ˼Ĵˡ
Լıžܵ裬ºᷢһֻٵģûбκַʱ־ϵ˺ȴ޿ɱ⣬Ҳǲô׻ָġ
ǲһαӣƾ֣ǰҹоŭ
Բһ¡û̫ĲֻȻظһ仰ƺûҽܡ
⡭ԵúΪѣкܼҪУһ
֪Уǡʱһ֣Ҳ˿
ǴǰܾͻԷȥһ£ڣĺңܷڶԷ˵ʱﶼкܶһҽһʵ᲻һٶʲô
صѧУѾ죬ΪһЩǷֻǺѣŬǣԽŻ߳ʵȴûô򵥡
ɴǱԵԭ򣬵ܾԷͬʱԼﾹȻǻһ˿Ǹ⣬תҪӦʱȴֻǿҵķУһԼܵ״̬
ʱֵɰìܵķнѳҲתͷ˵ˡ
ֻһۣ΢΢סˣ
˵ʲôû˿ãֻǸһҹ
֪УĶҹЦЦֱߵм䣬ǵĿ⣬һָ˳Ǳ߶·һֱߵͷҪҵĵط
ллˡЦ΢΢ͷʿصлʾ֮뿪
Զһҹ˸ոͼڣֹˣֱȵʧתͷ˵ԽԶԽá
Ϊʲôãʡ
ȵط֣Լʱ˵ĸоʱȴûзеģֻɻ
ǰӰЩ㱣ʳĻƺҲҹĻʵģֻھ˳
ΪҹǺؽͣһϲֵܡ
ԣһ˲ִڱıԵոҪǵĶһӿ˳Ŭĵ̶̰ˡ
ιҹǸоæ˶ԷһûκιϵԶһЩܰȫסûκιϵ
һ£ַ굽ҪĸоȻҹĻѹȥܶࡣ
ô£֪Щʲô˵ֻ޵ĴţİοԼ
أʳ仰ԼҲ֡
һָоҹԼĹϵƺô򵥣˵ԼһЩĽ
ңҹһ£ЩΪµʲôϾͷӦҿɫңҲһԽԶԽã
˵תѸٵܻݡ
ҹʧıӰɻȴˣ벻ףԼɻĵʲô
ҹҹ૵۾ĹâȴӻɢţԼҲûв֮ǰƺΪתעɢ˲٣һ鵽ԭģ

ҹصݵʱȴǻĸλŮѧʱѾ߹ˣֻʣĪСһﱧԹš
ɢ𣿡ҹǰͲʡ˶ٵ鷳
ִ壬һߣ˵һʲô˧ҪݽͶȥ˧ȥˡĪСζƵҹϡ
ʲôϵѵϿ𣿡ҹʡ
ףҲ֪ŶĪСܾȵӡ
̶ֳȵĳҹȫãҵ֣Ϊʲôʦ㣿
ΪұǴ󰡣ĪСͦء
ҹҡͷʾţܷܷһɱˣ
ᣬ˼˵Ǽ𣬡ĪСҹһۣǶǴģһ
ҹǾһ£ĪСʮأȻѾһˣȻǴѧ
ôǲǾرţĪСһ׼עҹıˣԸ˾̵֮
ȷûѧУѣҹʡ
ˣ˼ţĪСø߰˶ȵɤݡ
ļ䣬ҹֻͻȻ
׼ȷ˵ĪС͸ҹֻ𣬶绰Īġ
ҹʾѾֻݻĪСԷõ绰ֻ֮˵һ仰ֵ˻
ҹɻطŵߣĪӰ𣺡лչСİȫˡ
ӦģҲ֮ǰҴӦģҹöԷлû˵ֱ꣬ʵĪʲôֱ˵ɣȻŵùҵĻ
ĪЩأ֮ǰûʲô⣬ʵ벻ǾڸղŵʱҪչҵĹ˾һ֣ȫ룬ƺһźš
ŶҹҲһ£û뵽Էθô
ĪĹ˾ж֪Ҳ֪һĲҵԭģĪʲôϸ˳ͻԷһŭ֮ѡ񣬵ڿֱҪ̵Ĺ˾ɲһġ
ʲô֪𣿡ҹʡ
һҸոעС˾Ļʲôˣڻ֪ĪҲ֪ǵѲǵǵ˵ȷ˹˾ͻСİȫһԥط֮Ĺϵֻҵ룬һǶСϮǸ˾ģǵĿֻΪҵĹ˾ĻȫøһЩֶͨȥʳҪʡºܶɱΪڵĳ۲ͣƺǺгӣȫ޷жϡ
ҹҡҡͷҲûа취ʲôͣԲĪҶϵ鲢Уûа취ﵽ㣬ûа취ʲô顣
̫ˣֻһ£ҸЩ֮ǰչСҪܵʲô˺ԸΪ˸κεĴۣĪʱҲȷҹһͨô򵥡
ȦûֱӽӴߣǶǲٵġ
£ôʣŮİΣиһżһ棬ֻʶˣ²Էǹߡ
ԴǸ֮ԼߵЩȫϲȫģҹͳΨһܱסľˡ
һᾡҹûܻǾܾ


036 ǰɱ
ҹĪСѾһʯΪӦġǴʱȻܾĻ·Ī鲻ˣҲʲôҲû˵
ǾͶлˣһᾡ顣Īŵ
˵绰֮ҹ˿ĪСѾͷһѹҲûУʮֹĵһ䣬ϰִ㸶ҹٳ
Ŀζ𣿡ҹʡ
డ˵ҸʦĹϵˣǲ϶ûġĪС˵ŵˡ
ô˵ڼ죬ȥӦûˣҹʡ
ȻⰡĪС̾Ϳ飬һģ˵ڼҲȫǸھڼʱ˴ģ£ҶҪǸطˡ
ҹҲǣڼδؾͼðȫˣĪҵֱԷɱҪ۲Ŀʵ̫ˡ˵ոˣĪСŮӺҲġ
ȥֹȰɣþöûȥˡĪСž˳顣
ðɣҹԼˣѾͷѹûкǸ񾭡
˻Դڼͼųɴ໹ǸøɣԼһʶעһΧΣա
ҹƾԼʶΣյȻֻ֪ҪĪСߣӦⲻ
ֹȻǱųˣȥֻӵĳأֱȥʶҪչ˲
ʵϴʵʶΧҲ˰ףѾңһʶǧ׵ĻʱҪһʱ䷢Щִɱ֣Ǿ׵öˡ
ĪС㲻˵׹򵽵ģ˵ܿﻹû𣿡ҹͻȻ뵽⣬ֱӾ˳
ʵˣԴҶкô
ѽҰˣոռûʡĪСͷ
˭ҹæʡ
ĪС˭ǿôôã
ȱܣϿûˡҹ˵Щˡ
ֱȥɣҲ˳зʱˡĪС˿ʱ
ҹ뵱˵һЩ̾ȥ
뿪ѧʱ˭Ҳûע⣬һԶ¥ϣ˶ʧķ

ʱֻڲ¥ĳλϣֻ۾ֱضűݲλŵŮۿһӡ
ԭҹΪǸɡ͡һСӣһ̺Ȼ͵ˡ
ι͵ŮףͦƯĪСһҲ޵
ٺ٣˵ˣŰĿתϵҲ漴ʧˣ־ɵӣҹСʲô¶
ϴҵǿ񻹼ǵ𣿡ĪСȻһ£Ǻ˺ܴɵ׹ǿ顣
һ顣ҹĪС׹˳
ۣ˵顭ƯĪСһ۾;ȵħ𣿡
׹״ûиı䣬һ֪ԭһ飬ɫȴѾǰһˣ񼸺͸ģǻ͸żɫʣΪԹߵγɵġ
һۿȥȲͬʯҫۣҲˮͨ͸ȴеĹһıʯԭǿɫҵͷε׹֪Ҫ˼ٱ
ⲻħҪϲĻͻ㡣Ư˺ܶ࣬Ƕҹ˵ⶫѾûûκôˡ
лл壡ĪСһû־Ҫ˻ȥ˳ʹ˲ϡ
ⱾĶҹЦЦ
Ա߶ĸҲܾ棺ԭһ飬ҪѵĻҲϲˣⶫҲڶˡ
ԭĶģҹʡ
ģɽϼģǸоźһɫʯͷ͸СġЩε
ʲô㲻˵ⶫǻʮҲ򲻵𣿡ĪСһʦӡ
Ȼֺ˵ΪǼģԱ˵ʮһҲ򲻵ٺ٣˵㿴ƯһҲ򲻵ˡ
Ǵ͵ģʲôϵҪŪһıʯңҾԭ㡣ĪСɲôú壬ҪҲͲСħŮˡ
ɵˡ
ȥĶŪȥ
ĸɽϼģҹĵĻȻܼһ飬˵иࡣ
ɽǵطǲˡҲоеϧҪŪһʯͷǮҲܷһʺư
ôҹʡ
ɽǲҵɽ𣿡ĪСһҲйˡ
ɽҹһ¡
ǰǵطĿʹȨϰˣѾֵ˼ʮǲǺĪСҫתǵطҶȥһٱˣ϶ûˣҪأֶĻҲͱڳˡ
ҹ⻰ҲеʧˣǵطҲֻżһ˵ǲ֪ʲôʱĹߵǶģҵĻǲܵˡ
Ļҹո˵ˣɫͻȻһ䡣
Ҳע⵽Էı仯ûеʣֻҹ͵һ͵ȥڶԷʲô£ҹȥͬʱѾһų˹ȥ
ҹм䣬븶ĪСֿɼһּֿԷȫû뵽ҹͻȻѣʱߵ
ۡ
죬̧۵ʱǽѶСʱҹղŵľٶôˡ
۵
Ծͬʱҹһɨ߶ĪСȣԷҲѽһŵȥ
ոյӵֱǳ͸ȵķӦȾ˵ǽԷ᲻ĪСǹǾͲ֪ˣôֻԷһ
ۡ
һ죬ϱһѪ
ȥٶһûܵӰ죬ӵ򵽵ĸһȻŸոǸݲյŮȥ
ɱ֣ȻһŮˣҾôĿŵسǵߣ˵濪ǹɱˣû˿˼ɡ
ҹ󼱡
ĻмְնӵǸȴһˡôçײسȥʮа˾ŻûеǰѾ˴Ҫˡ
ܵɱֵģָǹõ߸ǰУȻ̫ˡ
ҹȻѾԾΪĪСһҪȥԷӵ̫ˡ
ۡ
ǹ죬ٴһȻһѪڸ첲ϡ
ʱԷľ룬ѾֻɱֵԳ֮ľš
侲ܵһο۶һȴѸٱȭͷ
顭
ʵʵҵϵĺûΪԷƯ˿嶼һȭ
ŮɱȻУϾҲǲɫ͵һǹѾ˦


037 Ů
ۡ
ꡭ
ͬʱӵȻ˳ȥȴѾʧ׼ͷ
һȸҪΣһƵ˲俳ϣͷĶǹҲ֮䡣
ҹżһ̽ǰѵȥǹߵһץ
СģĪСľ
ʱոһ¥ӵˣͻȻȺ̧ȻҲһǹĿڶԸŮɱֵҹ
ۡ
ǹҲװģϸ΢ټӲж
ϧӵҹ˲䣬Է΢΢һбˣǡǡֻһߣȴƫƫҹӷ˹ȥ
ȵڶǹٿһѺںĳСǹǡüģԷ˵ڵء
ɱҲ뵽Լôߣ֪ǰǹѾûӵȴû뵽ᱻǹҵشһɱ¼
ŮɱôŹֻᣬ֮һԾƴ
¥ҳһţ֮ǰһûʲôӦǹ̫СҲûǸŮǹѪǿɶǿˡ
֮ҹһ˦ǹҵһˣ˾ǵǲмģֱŵȶת
Сҹʶ˲һɨжѾûɱ֣һѾ׷ȥ
ȻǹǶҪɼһķӦҲǳǿģȻûжӵȴ̶ȵؼ˺
ʱҲȥʱɱץסʡºܶ鷳ˡ
Ůɱܵúܿ죬ҹ̽ʱѾӰɼЩ˶Ǿרҵѵģ֪ôȥûذѶ֡
ֻϧһҹͲãȻ죬ɻûп쵽һ˲ӳҹʶΧ
һ壬ϵשҹһ̱̤ѣθڵһɱܵķȥ
ʱ䣬ҹѾڱܱ߲Ůɱǰ
Էȵ˲۾˾š
ҹ˿Ϊһ͵˶ԷߣƵնڶԷľһǹʱŮе䡣
·˶֪ʲô飬ҹѾһԷ壬Ų¥ɱȥ
µû˵ĵطæ˺ᱧƣ֮ͥ£һŮڽܣʵ̫ˡ
ȻҹѾǴǰǸûķϲģڻʱҪȻҲôԶܵ
˲¥ʱ۽ȴȻһѾ¥ĸ˺ͼ˿ڸԷ˵ʲô
ҹ磬СˡץߡʱѾڵϲܶƴһ˿˵꣬˻˹ȥ
оȻ״ӵˣ̹ڸ̧ϡ
Сץˣҹ͵һ
˶ԷȦף֮ǰʶһ£ûвʲô쳣뿪ģȻβʱ϶һ
ʲôˮƽ֪ģȻǹǶ˵òأһҪȥܣСƴľͷǸ˶൱Ѳ
ĪСҲһͨߵѾԿ϶ģܿһߡ
ով˰ѱģѾϳҹ
ԶԣεǸСһ𣬺ͲλŮײеúܡ
֮ѸپͰǹҹָǸŮ˷Ȼֱͷ£
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ٶҹɣ˵仰Էǲǻûж
˵㣬̷Ķ־ǹڻ˻Σһٴеӡ
ҲȷǸո¼ʱ򣬺ܶ˶֤ʵʱһ˰ǹ˦ȥֱӰǸǹġˡ
£ҹκζв
ҹһֻۣϣԼҲ˿ûоֻǶ£Ѹʶ̽Ų¥ΧûĪСϢ
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ô£
õȻúܿ죬һת۵ĹѾڲ¥
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ҸĪС͸Ȳ裬ְҵɱðȥ׷Ů˵ʱĪСץߣӦǹߣȻôʹ򵹸ҹ򵥰˵һ¡
ûõü
ûУһʱǸѾˡҹҲü
ϿҵĪСʲôǶ
ʲôãõʡ
ҹҲɱֽʵģ˭뵽һӱˡ
ɱָǸǲһĶ˵һģʳĪС˶ˡ
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㻳õʡ
֪֪ҹߴ١
ʵõһ̶ûţ̾ͳֻٰ˼֮ĿֻźĿǰڡѧ
ｻ㣬ˣҹָһµϵˣһתҪˡ
ι
ˣԼǹǰأ֮תҪˣǺӣԣֱӰ
˭ߣӹɱˣǻȥЭ
û˵꣬һӡŽӲӹյСӵǰ΢΢һ飬춼ɵˡ
ְ참˴ؾ֣ҪѶСڱžһõɨˣ⣬ոո˵˱֪֮ͨҡ
ǣֽǽһ
飿ƨҿǸոûʲôְܷΧ飬ȻɾǴˡ
̾ǸԶ飬Ѿ˵ˣһ仰̿
ȻٷҲ˲ٵɣСԭΪһ鰸Ůѡ
мŮӸոǸеģӦþ˵еѰɣղǶҹ̬ȡۡ

ѧ𣿲ҹķѧ
֮ǰѾʶĪСϢȻܵжϳԷûȥѧȥһط
ҹΪѵǣĪСϵϢڸкֻʱ䣬ѾɢòˣҹҪٸ׷ȥҲܡ
ʱҹͻȻоһϤϢȻҲǿǱĪСϢҪñϵöࡣ
׹
ǸոջĪСһʯҹ֮ʮȷѾûϢȻһθоˣҿʼʱϢĪСϢǾһġ
ѵǿʯϵָ


038 
ҹ࣬ؼǰĪСҵȻĻСѾͷ϶׶༪ˡ
ĪСҹ֮ʶĵһѣȻСѾͷʱʱһµ˼ά˺ΣҹܸоԼĵѡ
ָо֣ĪСֻһ棬ʮִ󵨵ҪڣճԼߣԼһ
СᣬȻԸͬǶԼãȻҲκ˺ǡ
˲ʲôֱӰٶȷӵ˼¡ǹϢһ·ɱܶ˶ûע⵽ʱѾˡ
ʱһһĹȥҹļ٣ʱϲط֣ĪСϢһγˣȻʼһ΢ϸȥͲܷ֣֤ԼߵķǾȷġ
ȵǣ׹ϵϢȻȸղŸˣҪرϸȥ׷٣ҲܸܵһϢĴڡ
׼ȷķҹԷģһ·ٵ׷ȥ
ɽ
Ҳ֪ɺϻ⣬ҹֶԷߵ·ߣȻǳɽġ
ҹѾʮ죬Ȼ˵һϤǴµĵط֪ɽûж˵ʮǰһƬߣǽעĿˡ
СɽͷΪ˽нĴڣӵɽȨĪ飬ŻҪʱп衣
֮ǰͶ룬ڵĿֱһ
ҹͷһע⵽ȴǸոո˵ǿ׹Ǵ񵽵ġ
׹ָǲǸصɽйϵ
ҹϢǰʱѾżˣΪѾظоԷҲûͣҲ˵Ѿ׷˶ԷĽŲ
ֻҪԷһԼ̾׷˺ĪСʱͻᡣ
ɽǰɽѾвٵطڴŵػʼ˽ҹҲǵϢƹŷλɽȥûʲô˼ֻΪҲصĵط
ﵽм¼񣬾Ǹ֣Ҳһ᲻СӰӣֻҪĻõȫܲ鵽١
ȻҲҪķһʱ䣬ǶԷȻʮֽκλᷢĿԶڿǷΧ֮ڡ
ֻϧҲ뵽ֻƾһ׹ġζһ·׷ɽϡ
оϢǵ˺ɽʱҹ۾Ҳ֪Էҵʵĵط֮󣬿϶ͻҪˡ
ʱѾúܽԷʶΧ֮ˣ־֮£ֻҪԷһͣ£ҹʱܸϵ
ţҹĽŲͻȻһ¡
ΪĿ귢ˣͻȻһˡ
⣬ŮӾȻһһʡģ
ҹü֮ʱȴûȥ˲ٳĿ׷ȥΪѾԷѾͣˡ
顭
˲ضҹÿ̤һõһ޴
ͬڹߵṦҹǴһȻǶܴ
Ҳҹ̫ܵ죬ߵֲʲô㿴·ߣֻһξʧľݴ֮䣬ֻģؿһӰӣΪԼۻˡ
ǸոհĪСµĹߣҹŪĶһ£ĶˣϾǳϾҪˡ
Ȼ˸һ·֪ߺڲɫһ۾Թƺ뵽ʲôĪСһۣȻһѡ·
վסʱ̣ܶҹʱѾһۿǸߵıӰС￴Ǹˡ
һĺ棬һΣһΣҹо˶ԷϵϢȻǱʲôڸţ޵ӣܹǲһ˿
ֵĹȻվסܵø죬գ֮Ѿ
ҹȥ׷ĪСٳ⣬æȥѾͷ
һʱ䣬Ǳ͵˼Ϣʱɢˡ
ҹȻʧҲһ취ҲûУ벻ףһԲһ񣬴ٶȻϵƶܸоֻδռıˡ
˿ԼĵһӦڣҲûͼв֣û˿ԥתܣѵһﳤ󵨣
ǰӣĪСӦǶԷĵĿ꣬ҵڶŸոշڴֽĪСһС˸ġ
ô˵ֻһֿܣ
֮ԲҸԼ棬Ϊһʶˣ
Ÿոյ죬ʶĳĪС֮⣬ӦֻõǸѾľԶˡ
˾ԲԶǼһȻصһߵϢûУһܴһ
ѸӰȻԥһϡ
ǹɣϸղŵҲʮƣ˻ͼӽĪС֮ǰҹͻȻӿɡ
ҸԼ棬ӦΪԼΣûаܰԼɱ
ĻһжˡһڱϿһƼңΪ˲ԼݱҴҲʮСĵά
Щ˼άǵطŵһħŹĹϣͲ
ȻħŵĹòɲɱ˵ıֶа϶ںҹ򲻴档
ĻҹһãĪСͳʱ·ȥ
ոֻ⣬ôɻɽأ
ҲһͼӽŮĪСûгɹ᲻һתȥץ⣿ôпܡ
ڸոЩ뷨ֻһʵûеʱ䣬ԷҪץĻҲһӲˡ
ⱾﲻԶҹĪСûܼԷѾʶΧ
ҹûоʹ˷ģΪʶͬʱһˡֻʱѾˣϵ·Ҳȫͬ
һȻ
ҹһͷתȴüͷǸץĪСĹߣƺӦʱְɣΪ˱ҲǶԽԶԽòŶԡ
ּˣû뵽Ҳϲķ羰΢΢Цһ£ӭ⻺ǰȥ
תͷԷʱüͷ۾ǲһĨ
ʲôҲû˵תҲӭŶԷ߹ȥΪҪԼ߽ʱȴŮѾ뿪ˡ
ֵٴȣҲЩθ֣ɫֻһţǻǺܿ׷ȥҪѧҵĳɽ£ȥɣ·ǲô򳵵ġ
Զһһֵ︡ģȻҹ˵ĻԶһԽԶԽá
һᣬϸһ˿ЦҲԼľٶЩðʱ֤Ĳˣѧҵݽϵϣ
⣡һԴŭ


039 Ů
㣿תͷҹǰһ漴ʶԷһˣﻹᱧһŮ˯һ
ּˣԵҲƺȫǵöԷָĴ·ʿͷʾ⡣
ΪʲôһܵôƫƧĵط㲻֪𣿡ҹû
˵һƾ֣˾Ȼԡ
ҡֻɢɢġ֪ΪʲôЩʵʱȷӦĲų⣬ůůģǹ
һᱣСģǰһҵȥϧ
۾һ˿񣬻
㻹ǱԼɣҹ˶Էһۣ޶Ȥζص˵ЩɫǲŮȤ
΢΢˶˻ӣ˵Ļôȴɣ֡
ʵҹ֣ԭжǸץĪСĹ߾ȴԵظоϵϢǸȫһûаĸо
ߣȻˣҹʹ˶Ļɣ⵭˵һȻԼȳɽķˡ
Ҳ⣬ȴֻ΢΢һ£Ȼ͵͵ءšһ͸ҹˡ
̾˿ԶɫȻƽˮʲô
ҹȻǰߣʶȴһֱڹ۲ĶֶԷ۾ﲢûʲôԹɫֱ߳ʶΧûжһ£Ҳֻܷˡ
壬Ķ
⳵ĪСƵѹûбҩʲôģֻǱǸССһ¡
ѧУҹѹŰɿ
ǰתͷƺڲ²˵Ĺϵ
ɽϵʱҹǱǸŮģŮ˯һ˵Ļ˯ţ˵ǵĹϵܽ
һͻȻЩңԼôˣôЩСϸأǸҹһԼ޹ؽҪ˰Լʲôϵ
˵˵̲סȥ롣ﻹģЩĽŮ
ף⣬ôĪСոѾͿڸʻŵǸŮҹ쭣Ĵ壬˼ҲŸո˯һȥŮᡭ
ʶҹһ¡
ѧɲСƵѧʶҲס
һ⣬ȴԲʶĪСӡ
ȻʶˣѧһУĪС˵⻰ʱ򣬾Щˡ
Ůڱ˳ñԼƯ¶Ǻ⣬ĪССⶼ⡣
һѧ֮һҵȻʶˡĪСĳǱͻȻǺ޺һתעܵķȥˡ
һŲɣҹʵ
ѽʲôʱôˣĪСЦſ佱
ĪСͻȻһʵ
ҹΪʲôĪСһ˵⾹Ȼ̾Ͳµ֣ĪСҲȷŲС֪ȵġ
ĪСҹһۣʾһǰҾĪСˣ㲻ҪòãȻкܶŵ㣬ֺɫֱ̬
ȿȡҹͳ˾
⳵ܿʻѧſڣҹĪСǮĹ򣬰һ߶
һʱ䣬ҪȥЩƫƧĵطΣգĪСʵǱץɽϣҸȥģΣգҹ
廵ĪС˵ⳤñƯ
¶ɡ治÷ǸᣬҪôÿ
ҹûѾͷһͺˣǶԽԶԽã
ĪСŮ𣿡ͻȻʡ
ʱҹΪǱĪС˼άȾˣҲӦûϵ
Σô죿ʡ
ҹü⻹һܴ⣬ĪСֵĶ⣬ǹƶԷѾˡ
ҲֻһˣĪСͬʱҲֳܷ
ҹԼûз֣ʱһҪһ
ĪСΪǿʯ˶ԷһŵΪʲôأ
ĵ绰ҰɣҸ绰ûȥҹ˼ı飬ʶԷҪ
ҹҡҡͷɲΪҪֵĻд绰Ļᣬǰѵ绰дֽϣ⿴һ¡
ס𣿡ҹʡ
סˡ
Ҫӹֽҹȴ˳˺ˣ벻Ҫֻ棬סҲûκιϵûµĻԶ
˵䲻̫ĻҹĪС뿪ˡ
壬㲻ҪôҪ㣬㻹ƴһĪС߱߻ͷ⾹һֱվǵıӰ
ܹݡҹ˵
ǻĪСȥšҹϵ⡣
ĪС֪Ϊʲôʶ⣬ֻ֪ȴʶˡҹ
ĪС̾ͱΪʲô
Ϊ㲻Уҹ˵
ᣬѧڶУĪСǿǵڶţ
ѽŮţ򵥵𣿡ҹ档
ʰɣõĻ͸㡣ĪСͷ߰
֪һ߷꣬ڶĸҹʡ
Ҹƴˡ
ĪСǷСܽವؾҹıȼסԷ˫һͨҴ
ιѧУע󰡡ѽץӢ

⿴ŲԶ˵Ĵ֣ĸоһθĽĪСܸһǵһ
ֻͣ룬ѾͳԼֻͨһ绰
֪Ǹ˭ŻͲ˵
ܱǸǸڲ֪㻹ǵʲôҲûзɣԷش𣬡ʵϣҲȷʲôûз
Ǹǲҹʡ
ҹʲôҹԷɻʣ㲻ҪҲˣҺæ飬ϣԺҪˣҲʲô֪
㡭Ļû˵꣬ԷѾҶ˵绰
绰һˣԶ΢΢һҹǰк˵͸˵ˡ
ҹΪʲôŮ֪˶Էأ޼ұҲֻôˡ
޵൱ܣֻҪԼ˵û뵽¶ҹİɣ
ҡҡͷѸٲһ绰ιѾ˵ģûиݡ
˭Էܲͷػһ䣬漴ѵ绰ˡ
ԲۡԶˣһۺûһٶҲ̫ˣصĸ֡
ҲаŰ޳ҲãǸоҹҲãĵΪֹ˰ɡ
Ҳ׼һԼ飬Ҫٻˣ


040 Ҫ
ʲô飿ĪСſϰ֣˭д˧𣿻𣿺ɫ𣿱̬𣿡
ϼŶ³СĶ󣬸һѧУģ֪ʶʶĪǺЦţԶŮЩŵĻ˵ˡ
˵Ǹ޳ʥôϲңԣҲϲŶԣĪСһҪ˵ӡ
ҹĪСȥ֮ĪǷһʾһҪлҹҲ֤֮ǰѡǶԵġ
ʵϼǰҹŮҲһֱżڰиţǵʱ̫ͻȻˣݱ˵ģϵְҵɱ־ѾˣںĪСץһ˵ǲڣȫڳҲûܵסǸˡ
ЩҲͨеĸ֣Ȼ˵ߣҲԼЩ˵Ĳ࣬ЩҲκεˮ֡
ʱĪõϢ֮Ѿòಡͻû뵽֮ʱ䲢û̫ãҹʹ绰˵ĪС
Ȼҹû˵Ḷ́Īȴ֪ñ˵ȫ϶˵Ķ֣ҹȴܲɫͰŮѾ㹻˵ԼЩڣǿþһ
Ҿһ飬ҹҲ˸Σ˲ɿ¾ͿԼŮˡ
ǻ˵ҹֳǿһ棬ҲֻһڵĲܣ˵Ůһ޵Ļҹǲῼڵġ
ҲĵĵطԼǸѵŮҹӡǳôչȥʲô¶Ҳǲܵġ
ҹŪߣ룡
ҹҪˣȥĶôһˣŮְҵɱֵ¶ɻûͷأһ̬ɻǰ
ͷôȥ¶û뵽̽ĵһ֦ҪٳһŮ
һĺ¶ҵϺţļ壬˴֮䶼ǧ˿ƵĹϵŮ׼ңҲǺܳġ֣ʵŵλȴĪǿĹ˾׽Ǻټ
ȻĪҲ̾ͷӦǾΪԼһŮ
ĪСȻöһһǲ۲һСţҵ츳Ǽֱ޵еģĪߵһк̶ܴȶԼŮĸСѾͷûҵϸԼ
ܶණʱһɵľٶֻҪһʱ䣬֤̾Ѿͷ۹ʵǸߵû˵
ŮҲǺܳģƽʱĻҲῼ˵Ҫ޸ĸҵ壬ֻҪϲֻҪһɿ˾ͺá
ڵͬӶط⣬в֪ĶҵĹ˾ҵòǵøһЩ
õıɡֻҪҶ˻ԼҲû˸Ҵ˾ˣٸȥŮһָͷ֪вٵıڶǹߡ
ʱ¶Ī鼸ûʲôֿʹӦˡ
ȻҲʧʱһ£ĪĶ֣ͼչĹ˾һ⼸ĪСɱִɱ˾йϵֻҲ֤ݡ
ﵱӱʾ¶˵顣СʱǸԭҪչĪҹ˾ϵ˴绰ֿܳرǸ⣬˵Ϊ˾ԭչܼĪεĴż¡
ĪһǸɱֵ飬Ҳ˵ˣҪɸıĪС
Ȼû˵Ī֪ǿ϶ǹߡһ㱣ϣҹˣĪСҲԲʲôˣĪ鵣ĵ飬Ϊֹȫˡ
ȲҪžܾ͵ȥһѣ㲻ϲԺ취ĪŮ֮ǰҵİ˵һ飬չˣǰҾҲõİȫˡ
дڣʲôˣĪС˵žͱסҹĸ첲أһƾͰǸץҵʲô߸ˡ
ȿȡҹֻǿһĪСֱۣҲû˵ʲô
ˣҪˣҹҲһֱ㰡Ī˵ŮʵҲҹ
ôܣ˭֪ĪСȴǰѸ첲øˣҪҸ嶩ɣֱӽҲУһʮСʱˡ
֣Ī鿴Խ˵ԽףֻĿתһ£ҹҲȰȰС
ţҾðɣ¶ͦģҵʱ㣬ǲǾܽˣҹĪСʣ֪Һæġ
˾ǴˣĪСһŤͷ¥ϡ
ĪЦһ£ȻתͷҹùѾͷһͺˣҹģξС飬ҾԲǣչʲôҪ󣬶ֻҪģᾡ㡣
ǵǲãΪѾĪСĳͣҹҡҡͷʣҵıʲôʱ򵽣ǲǵ֮ҾͿˣ˵ʵĺæ
쵽ڣһûţûнأֱ˷
룡ոʧĪСֵǵǵǵֻƯĴ۾ɵԲԲģ㶼˵ˣҶѾ㱨ˣû˵ߣͲߡ
ҾûǸĪȽйͬԡҹǺһ
ȻĪСκкøУҹʱҲȷ˷ѲȷûΣյ£ҹȻһֱճ
οҲ˵ģ뿪֮˵ȥбһ¡
ҿĪҲҹ٣ļ뿪ôһһҲЩϧϾһһıڣɲôҵġ
ҪǸҷߣҾ͡ҾͿ޸㿴ĪСв
Ҳвҹˡ
Ī̬ĪСѾһ䣬ת˲ֱŸһ߶Ĩһ߶ߣ衭ϰҸˡҪװĴ塭϶ҸϳȥȻҸ裬ŶԣҸŮˣһСʱȡֿ϶Ҳᾭͬġ
ⶼʲô߰ģҹǳʶˡ
һתͷĪʱȴɹˣȻҲȦ
ҹ㡭ٶɣҵıڹˣҲȫһЩ⼸СĪ±ӣԼһ¡

ҲУҲ̫״˰ɣеᶨòã
ҹĪǸˣǺðɣҲܳ죬Ҳȫ򶼸
ǵȻĪźԽҹҪ뿪ǸҪ˸¡
Ǳ߶ĪСڼƬأҹһ£Ѿ˵ǸСĪС۶ǽĪС
ҹûȥЩ绰ȴǡʱʱȴõġ


041 Ļĺ
ôջ𣿡ҹߵȥӵ绰
ǸŮɱ˵ˣŽŮߡõ
ɱˣʲôҹʡ
һɱ֯˵ҲвٵĹߣؼǿ߶УǺڹڶ֣һҪгڹ⣬Ŀǰ˵Ƕܲȡж࣬ҲòʲôЧϣõܵҲһϢ
ʲôϢҹѾʧˡ
ԷǱصģֱӰǸɱּѸˣĻıҲŪǾͲΪĵˡ
Ѿɱ˵˼¼ڰˣɹƻ㹻ǵӣںʵʱ䣬ǻȥġõ˵
ҹ̲ס뱬ֿڡ
һŵؼɱּŵĳӣôǸϢ
һͬһĿʧΣͲٽĿǵĹĿǰɱ˵˲ĪСˡõ˵
ǲ֪Ӷɱֵ˭ɱ˲б֯ʲô˺ɽ˶Ǵ鷳ҹûκεɡ
ţҪ˵ģĪСΣջûнҪһ㡣õ
ЩܿͲҪҵˣĪСϾҪһ˶飬ԷǺӣʱйרɱǱ߶ǲõˣֻǸץĪСĹߣֵעһЩҾ˸ɱӦòһģֻǴһҹ˵ȻʵûмֻźţΪʲôһɽ
źŵȷ֮ƶɽʱ䲻ˡõ˵
ѵĲҹҲɻˡ
ϵϢһֻźҲ֮ȥģǾֻ֤ǸץĪС˲ͬһпˡ
ˣ˭ܹҪģҹȰ˭и飬㲻עһѧһŮѧ
ô˵Ҹѵ𣿡õЩ΢΢ĲȻҹԷĹϵ
㣬˵ˣҲееġҹҲȥ磬ǸоǸħ޹Ѿעˣ֪ΪʲôֻΪһЩԭ򣬲ûж֡
ðɣһῼĽ顣õԥһ£ͬˡ
һҲһ£ǸҪչĪҲҵĹ˾˭Ļٿءҹ˵
ҶЩȤõ
ҶǸߵȤҲ󡣡ҹ˵
ðɣҲһ¡õҭһ£ڻЭˡ

ҹ绰ĹĪȰοŮ
û˵ˣԷڰરવᣬɰĪˡ
ְִӦ㣬ĲϲǸ󣬹ʱ䣬ƴЩĲҵҪˣҲŻˣң˰ɣĪҲǱƵûа취ˡ
ҲŲأĪСһ߶Ĩ۲ᣬһ߶Ƭ˵裬Դ㲻ˣְ־۸ң˵ʱˣ϶Ҫȵһҳ۸ߵ˲ŻȥˣΪҲ֪ءϰҪˡ
ѽѾͷĪᶼ챻ˣϰô㣿ֻҪǰһأԺϲ˭ͼ޸˭ϰ־ƴҲί
ģĪСʵ̧ͷ
ȻȻҵ㱣֤Ī֤
̫ˣĪСĨһϰһƣ壬ȥԷˣ
˵űıͰѸսŵҹˡ
Īһ߶ҡͷһ߶̾ŮһܲסȥɣֻҪúúõģԼⱲҲ֪ˡ
ָԴ˸е˵ŰģǲŮġ
ͷȥĪˣôһֻƬ

ĪСļ׿ǳڽֵϺֱײطɳţȻãûзκ⣬ľٶʾšĸ֡
״̬˴ŰСʱĪСĳٽˣˣΪҹڸʻ˯ˡ
ͽȻ˼˯ĪСȥҹĶ䣬ȴԷʱ㿪
Ϊʲô˼ҹ۾ʣϾʹھ˼ܣѧﱻȻܵɽȥ㣬УҲ۰
ҹ˵ҲʵȻˣҲһǿ࣬ǲǹ߻ģôһͨҲȷǻЩƣۡ
ŶĪСͻȻǸӣŴŴ˵Ǵ˯һɣһῪúȵġ
û¶ոͦãҡĸоҹŹǷȥĶ
ȥǸԼᰡͳԷҪݳԣĪС˵ֱ׺ˣһʱ䣬ǻСʱʱ䣬˯ɡ
ðɡȻĪС˵ҹҲ˯ˡ
˯ŵʱʶҲԶظӦΧΣգһʲôԣ̾ӦԣȻҹûôĵȥ˯
Сʱҹܡʱѹ׿ǳҲͣһҲǰ
ѽǾȻӣˣڽȥɡĪС˵
ɣ㡣Ͼˣҹȥɾеˡ
һΣô죿ѵӦø𣿡ĪСһʡ
ҹ˷ֻۣøȥˡ
һʮͷȥúܿɣֻ΢΢ˣ˿һգգصĪС
Ҳ֪϶ǸĪСԼĶС
Ȼû˵ҹȴܿ˿Ǵ˿ҵͷϣðε壬ͲѲĶǸˡ
ÿ簡ǿѹӵ
ø簡ĪСЦص
ͿˣСʱ֮ǰ͵ˣѾͷͷôɲô
Ҫԭ˵ԼŮˡ
ˡ
ҹֻһ£ͳȴǸİĺ뷢ֻж̶һ֣չĪҲҵĻϼš
ҹֻɨһۣ΢΢ü
Ӧõģ֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼõһİ룬ȴһĿȻ
ʵϣϼҪչĪҵĲҵҲ˵֮ǰǸС˾ʵǻӣпɱʲôĶҰŵġ
ĿأĪСѾͷôҪ
òֻôһǰĪƵ·ϣּɱҪɱ˵ļƣȻĪ鼸ûѡʱͻȻѩ̿ôһ
ĪҲãǼҲգ˳شӦ֮ǰô£ĪСӣĪĳ谮»ͲҶʲô顣
ǡ
ĽͣҲԻ󲻽ġ
ҵʵĪЩҵӵһ𣬶ԷҲҪ˵ͨĪСõЩҵҲǲܵģĪСô˵ҲֻһСŮϻʲôֵ˵ǵģ


042 бȥ
öóԵء
ҹ˼תĪСѾкŴس
ʲôŮԲ𣬱С߱ԣĪСڴôһԡ
Ŀŵӣʱ̶ڱıԵ
ҪǡҪǡ
󲻶ϵԼĿֵֻ꣬ĪСϲŮ͡
˭һҹ
Ǵ尡ĪС߳Ա˵
壿ЩԺϣĪСĸûֵܰ
ÿƽ۽ˡҹȻĪСߣҲʼ˴Դȡ
ȥһﾹȻռıˣͷҪ̴ˡ
ô֪㻹ôһݣȻĪСǱ˴˾ʶһֻ˳֣˵ڶû˵κӪĻ
ôһףôչֵֹġ
ҸûѪԵϵĪСģҵĳ޵ڣ˯ǱŴ˯ģ
ۡ
ûˮǺ
Ȼ֪ѾͷĻǹģһҹȻĪСʱʱֹιһڵӣôֱ裬ñĸо
ĿģǺôѾҪļƣ㵱ҵ˵˯һôǴô
СԲִСЩȴܲԼݡȷŭˣ֪ҹʵĪСһƱʱŭЩѹסơ
۸壡ĪС̾άš
ҹһνʾ⣺𼤶𼤶СĻ˵ģҲ壬֮ûʲôСģƽƽ
ոڣǰ仹ΪһʶʲôǺһԸԼһƵ
˵ǶԷûаڵݣһ˵ȴھš塱ǸݣôƽԼռ˱һ
ȥһ£ţҹ˼ڷ֮վСǵðѺò˸
õĴ壬İɣĪСһ߶Ӧţһ߶Ѿ֣ԼΪóԵļ˶ҹǰݲ
ˣĪСǹôһⱣԼİɣ
ָ̧΢΢˰ڣһֱվ󣬺ľͷһıڣ̻һҹһ˰ᡣ
ĪСıںܲǲ֮ݾͲһˣ˿ֻ̰ʣˣڿʼ⡣
˵ʵһٸԸŮˣȻĪСҲƯôĵط󣬸ϸĵطҲϸȻĽСһЩҲ͸Ҫһһ⡣
֮ǰѾؾԼһҪոһôСʱ֮Ҳͣˡ
ҶԴǺܺãûʲôֵģĪС˶Էһۣ㣬ΪʲôͻȻôãҶ飬ʲôĿģ
Ƥ鴤һ£۵һ˿ոôһ˲ΪСѾͷ֪ʲô
Ϊҿ𣿱ˣȻûа취ͻúӡҲѸپ͵һ£Լ֪ϲ˭Ǽͷӣ˵ҸİֺϣҲŲᵽĵ飬ģǲܻȢġ
ãһҪأҸѾ췹ˣĪСС죬־⻰ƺʣšӦϡˣ㲻ҪңպҲҪء
ϸۣ
ȭͷӵ¶ˣϵδޣҲܶԷ޼ɵƫƫĪСҲһ취ҲûС
ϣǸ廹ܺúõ߻Щյ˵
˵ллˡҹ漴ʹȻҡڵ£ʼؿĪСʢõķˡ
ţǷԸȥʰСӣôôͻˣһõģ
ԼıأǿһƼڵĹ֣ôӰܸˣ
ǱڹȻҲˣ֮ǰͬǣʱһܿī
ףﻹ۾ĪС̾ͺʵ
ժƺʶʲô
ֻð۾ժ£ֻè۶ʱ¶ůĿ
ѽǲˣĪСһЦ
ǱҹһۣĬ˵
ˣǱץԴȥġ
Ƽڣ˼ȻһضûУ֪һûеˣԲǣ
۽Щ鴤ȻҲǷʲôһССıڣȻ͸ҸҶŸɣ˲ǵӳ̫󣬾ǳˡ
ôҵӣԲˡ
˵ʲôʱҹĵ绰ȴˡ
ҹҡ鷳ܲܰңҲİģһ֪⡣
鷳ҹü
鷳϶Լ˵Щ鷳һǹͲл绰
˾ҡ˵ƺǺᷳس˵Զһ
ӦñǸҴ绰ҹԥһ£ڻǺ
Լߵ̫վʲô¡
ûõġҺ𣿡εص
ҹˡ
ǱĵطҲˣ绰ƺǿյӣڻ˵һ䣺һ¡
תҲûиĪСǴкԾ߳˰ᡣ
һͿͼһװĵˣȻԷûȥӽǿӵȷһֱͼš
ԲС㣬ֻǰԸ㡣˵
ҲҪıغˣתͷ俴ҹ۾ʱһҹ
첽ߵҹĸǰϵıЩǸ⣺Բ֪Ҳ鷳㣬ܲңֻͻѧУͺˡ
˭ҹĿǸ˿һۡ
Сӣ⻹ûлشѾڣСǱٵŮˣ㲻鷳ĻԼʧһڣ
ҸһϵûУǸ˲ңƺҹᣬæ͡
ߡҹҲɵӣ⼸仰㹻ԭίˡ
վס
仰ǰ˺Ǵҹǵ
ʱĪСҲظں棬Աߵ޳ʥ㻹ô޳ܣҪҶˣﻹҪȥ˼Ҹ߰ǲ˼ȥѣ治ˣб嵥
ҹعͷؿһۣӵŵʱѾû˿øˣЩŭ
Ҹҹֻͨѣ㲻ҪɧУ⿴֮󣬵Եø侲һЩԺҪַʽңֻҸ㣡
ߣҹ˵һ֣תͳȥ


043 ˭˵ߣ
ߣ֮ǰһû֮ǰ˭ߣ
˭˵ߣҹ
˵ⱣڸոձҹʰһҲǻƼڵĹߣϵһ𣬿ҹĿ˼ӡ
ž
һ˦ϣֱӰ߸ˡ
û뵽ǰ˵־Ͷ̧֣־ǴķӦȻû
ԡ
߱һͨ˸ˣӶҪˣ͵ҪŸԷһɫһȭ¸ֱʧȥƽ⣬漴һҹ
ߣߣ㵹˵˵ߣ
ÿһ䣬һİȻм仹ȭͷ
Ǳڿˣ߻ÿһƶ죬˵Ҳ˵
һĻվλͬ־Ҳͬ飬ոҲǱôԴģȽҵǣֻҪһīܼˣλ֣ƻټһˡ
һ˦ڱҹСһӵ˽Ҳûʲô˾ġ
ߣ
ҹһУץסС֣һ·ſȥ
壬㲻˰ֱʱĪСŷ֣ԼȻˡ
߱ڣܱ㣬һͻҹҲûлͷֱӴʧˡ
˧ĪСţһתͷ󣬡˵ǲǣ
˧ոڰ
ڶҪըˣȻ˸ǣеŮˣû˯
Ǿ仰Ҳʮˣ߱ڣɲôһèۣһϾҪͷˡ
ĪСʲôͷǣղǸ˾ĪСˡ
ͷҵĳ޵ڰôɣĪСЦʵ
㱣֮ǰʲôģʡ
˭ĪС˵֪ʲôһҪġ
ҿɲ֪ĪСҲµһ
Ŷʲôʡ
һүҵģ˧ɰҰˣĪС۵Сԡ
ûѪδް
ҿǼٵģҿǼٵġôҲ˺ò
㲻׼ų𣿡ĪСͻȻʵشѾԼ𰸣ҲԣŮԺ޳ʥҲǰˣ޳ˣӦûθڳԷˣӣҿҲáرģǾٶԵɣ
ǿŰŮĳ嶯ǿڷ㲻Ǻų˯ŵĴôڸűŮˣ㾹Ȼʳ
ţôһŶĪСüͷôƯԺһ˯Ҳܴ̼أ
䡣

棬ҹѾſС֡
ɫ΢ֽţֻҹǣ֣Щĸо
ҹǰںĬĬһ·ȴһֱİ˵ľ롣
⼸ҪڣȴûгɹֻǹԹԵظڶԷ󣬲ظš
ҲǸ߹㣬ʱ䲻ҪٵΪʲôֳҹȻͣüͷʵ
ҡʵҽǡҪʲôȻó˵ѣ԰ͷȥûȥʲô
ˣѾûˣȥɡҹŶԷЩίӣҲֻ˵
仰ƺǰһ漴ּæʣ㲻һȥѧУԶ
ҲԶ𣿡
ǺԶԼ˵
ˣס˵ĻҪܣҹüͷŮӣƺֻб飬ܺȥҲÿζʱȥġ
㡭Ҫ˵ȴֻؿŶԷԶ
Ǻǣҹּ˰òȻôƯһ椶һЦ
ҹĽŲһ£תͷȥԶ󣿡
벻ִﶼǵСɫ˸жԶЦ˼󼸸ɱؽܵҳ˵λ뿪˾ӵĹؼ˼ҿ֡ҿǵúúлҪôܹôڣ
С
ȥǸСܡ
ȥ
ҹƳ˶Էһۣ벻ŸոջһݣѾʮåˣƽû¹򰡡
Ǻǣû¹һ֪ˡԶЦ
ʵһҪҵ鷳ɾͲֻǱôˡҹ̧̧Ƥ
Һ°˼ҵСĸζŵͨͨģԶŵĿڣһȺ˴Ц
ҹûʱЩ˶ƤӣתҪߡ
·ҹǲǸŮ˰ˣû˻˰ɣԶţ椶治ǸŮҪƯѽǿģСϸģҪһǸ᲻۵
ҹתͷԶҸһ仰ϣܼͲ
ѽֿʼвˣôǺ°ԶЦҹΪԼʲôǸŮ˲ڣŪһζ׵úܣǸС椶ϴ˶зݶС椶ˣ˭ôҲ׼˯
ôһ˵ܹȥ⡣
Ⱥ˱ͳҹ֮䣬⻹ҪһЩԺܿҪ׷϶Է
ҹҲЩŵȴûа취ӽֻüæѧУܣҹܿԼ
һҹѾ׷ɱǰ
͹ҹ
ɱͣǰҲһعͷ
Ҫ𣿡֪ҹܴ򣬵ʮˡ
ãҹûлͷȻѧУɡ
ţ㡭Сһⲻȥҹ˵ˣƺҲֻ׸
װùɣԶӺİƱЦ˵Ȼ߶һŤͷûУһ仰͹ԹԵع
õģֱ
ֱӻӣҹҲһ䡣
ҰСӵҿôӲԶòᣬһָǸС椶ˣ
ҪҼҹȭŵ׷ļһɫʡ
мӾţԶʱҲҹȷӵģҲٸԷ죬һϣ
顭
⻰˵úˬֻϧһȴͬʱѾ㳦Ƥ
Զ벻ҹô죬ոջʮףգۼѾ˸ǰסѾҧѪ죺㡭Ҵҵ


044 Ҿ֪
顭
Ըһҹʵж֤һ£ȷǸң
ôҿţϰԶֻһ֮󣬾Ѿˡ
ЩСҲǲȥֻǸոյ̫ͻȻֻǿһӰӣȻԶͱҵʮˡ
ö𶯣Ǹһ³ҹ΢һתЩС˵
ϣȸӴһȣԶܻ
ܺãҹһ
Щ˶û޵ʲôֻһԶȶˡ
ԶҲɵˣʱҪǻҹһӣǿɾͰ׳⼸ľˡ
㡭㡭ʱɫҲò԰亹µµ
һ۵ģһŵģΪóҹֵСµˣǼпܡ
ЩСأЩƽܻУҹ̧֮䣬ɾͶԶһȣҪ˵ﲻǲܵġ
ЩС죬ƽʱ˶۸ٻУҪ˺ݽɫϾһض
ҹոյĻжѾˣ㲻ȥͲ㣬͵ȣȾͻȱϡ
£˭ԶĻ¶磬׵׵ĻʱҲÿ
οԼסԼˣĶֵסǡ
ꡭ
˶ڵˣ氲ÿ£һ¶ϹڴҶһ˶˸
ҡҡԶǽһߣҶˣһȴҹһŲȶϣȴֲҹ磬Ҹո˵ǡһȡ
һһҹ˵͵͸ɡ
ɱСǶһ󱩺оϣԭһֱ˶Ըռġ
ҹ硭Ұɣ۲ʶ̩ɽұ֤ԺҲ⡭ԶҲţˣҪҹ͵á̫ôˣ
бҲ֪ʲôĻ֪ʲôˣҿееģҹ˵ָָǱ߶һСܣߣ
СĶҵ̧Զˣͺʱûж೤ȡ
ôûߣҹͿֻˡ
ǲѾ𣿡Щڻ·Ļǣô˶Ҷ֣
㲻Һܱ𣿡ҹǾһ£˵ֹԹŮԼոմ˵ľٶӦŵȶ˲Ŷԡ
ΪǶǻˡȻص
Ҳǻ죬ֻǱǸܣһǸԼ˵Ļ𣿡ҹʡ
ʱΪҲ˽㣬æͣ㲻۸ҡ
ˣҹͷ˿죬Ҳ˽ҡ
Ĭ˰죬ڿڣԶ˵ҡ
ҹܵڣͻȻòԣԶǸԼ˵¶ȥˣôȥ˵ʲô߰ģΪʲô
һѧУ𣿡ûϾ
ҹһۣԷûʲôȳѧУȥ
˻ǳĬţһ·ߵѧУſڣȻҹͣ½Ų
Ҳͣ£ҹһԺ϶ٸ鷳ˣ
ҹɻؿһۣҲû˵ʲô
ǰ棬ҹ˸λã
ѽŲһЩҹԼߣȥһɢ
쿴ǲŮ𣿡
ǰ찡ȻԱߣ
ŵıڰɣ
ܣûһڸҸŮߵôģ
ô˵˱޳ʥҪţ
ؼǣŮȥӡ
˸ºŽ޳ʥΪһѧУļþһеֶ׷ȻûгɹǸܰʹùˣҼһգûиıԱ⡰ʥ
˵޳ܣΪһȻûκǿȵֶȥв⣬ȴ»κθҽӽᱻúܲңܶʱרűڼһС
˷ָİԵ㹻˾޳ˡ
һһ㣬ɲʲô鴦У⼸ﻻ˲°ٸŮˣǰһ̱ŸոݵŮܴһͼ黳ȥ׷ȥˡ
ΧЩۣⲻҪҲܲµҹ
뵽궼һɧţûݣҲһʱ̶ž޴ѹΪһֱԼʱֿʵĸˡ
ֻϧ޵Ǽ£صش̼һŮӱ
ҹﲻԼһμӣϣⱻҩԻʱԼķӵǣָо
ҵˣƺҹ˲ʧ̲סϹһ˿Ц⡣
ˡҹʧֻһ˲䣬漴Ӧת뿪ˡ
ҹıӰЦȴŨһ֡
֪ԼʵûʧﻹǾʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ףϣȷʧȥˣͬҲõˡ
֮ǰûʶΪõĶȫûв
ǵһμҹ˫ε۾˵ûˡΪԼŭˣŷʵԼҲǺҸģǰҪҸ
Ҿ֪㣡ֽգڴ˵ţЦһ£תԼᡣ
Ϧ£ɢˣһߣƬ̼䱻պ죬ƽ

˵˵ǲ̫ˣһ˶˲ȴȥŮҳô࣬ɰҸŻˣ
ĪС򸶶ҹ״Ǹһɫǣһʲôʲôô죿ʱ˵ʲôܹݣͱӢ۾ˣȻȥ⣬ң˵ôô᣿
СǳԴ𣿡һŸСܾȵص
ԴףĪСŴ۾ʣǳԴ𣿡
ôǳԴףǵ˴׸ˡ
СǶǸźǺЦСħŮϲҹ磬һϡ¶ȻƯ˵ʵҴǰûŮ˿
˵СħŮҲҹ˲ס
Ȼ֮ǰǸҹһܡô˵̫ʣǱҹʰһͨǶĹͶء
˲˵һֱĸҲ˵ҹǿòһɲǲġ
һﻵҲ֪οһ£֣Ǹ֣ĪС߹ҹֿ֮ʼת󣬡˵˸ֵļһȭʹ򵹵ıڣʲô
ſ䱣ڶˣĵģ治ģƼڵΪֱߵĶ԰ڵȥİ
ڣҲ԰ڲſֺī˵һ仰ǶöǸˡ
ǵ͵һɣ˭һϲȴַӾܰһʰأ


045 
䱣ԷһЩǣҹȻһֱûл
ʱڲĪСǵ˺ܾõģҹһֱأʵǲͷٵȥŲòԼһߵڸĪС
ĪСʱżȻһֱڱԹţﻹҪҹܻصԼߣȻʶ죬˴ߵʱ͸оûаȫƵġ
ҲŲ绰أͲһҿǷСܽĪС
һֱ춼͸ˣĪСûеȵҹϢѵһǻصȥԼˣԼһֱҶ
ĪСԺһҹճյĳʱ˸
УŲôɵأĪСԥһ£һǸ绰ɣ֪һ±Сжá
һ˵ţЩСǶֺǺǵؿúܻ֡
Ĵ壬ܵȥˣٲСͳ㡭绰׾ͨˣȻĪСʱ䡣
˶һͷԭô˼ҺõİҪҵĻҲˣ
ʱȥˣ绰ﴫҹ
ʲôĪСһӾˣ壬ҴˣǿЦģɺòã
һеˣҹ棬ⲻ˵ЦĲˡ
Ѿ䱣ڣ̫ˣҪҵʱһٳֵġҹ˵
ҲŲҪǣ̫ˣĪС
ʵһҲ
ҹ˵䱣ڶ棬֪
ֻΪǵĶ̫ǿˡİøոոжˣЩˣ㵽ǿԼģǿԼأ
ǿ׹ʲôʱ򶼲Ҫкôҹ˵л֣صضһ
ҲҪ̾ͳҵǰȻĻҾ͡ҾͿ޸㿴ǡ޸ĪСв
ŶҹӦһ޿޸
ĪСûзӦ绰ѾҵˣȻҹĪ飬һġ
ͲཱུĹҶĪСһ֮۵һڵϱͷ
岻Ҫˡ岻Ҫˡ
ڴϣվڷ
ҪôȰҪȰ
ˣްɣûСħŮ޹ӣǲģ޿ޡ

ҹʧˣĪСħŮ֢ͷˣһֱڶȥѧУʱûл
ڶǴʹѲݽѧչʱ䣬ĪСҲǵõ֪ͨģȻȥʲôݽ
ˣȻڲˣСħŮ
СӵŮǶȥ׼˧磬ȥݽˣֻĪСһɳϾ
ҿԲμ𣿡ͻȻиĪС
ĪСתüͷԷһ
𣿡Цʵ
ǴοҵԼôĪС޺޵˵
ûиһıôĪЩֵʡ
ףô˵岻ȥĪСͻȻһϲǽžֿɥˣǴѵˣ
ˣҲһ¡
ǰȥ͹֮ûл绰˵ʱˣΪѴˣĪСͻȻŭĴ壬֪˶С
ȿȡƽŮҲԷ˵ЩôźԼҲǱҹСһ
ҾôߵģҪߣҲкȻͲ˵ʱˡ˼һ˵
ĪСͷ룬е
㡭ϲҹ𣿡ԥһʵ
أĪС⣬ӦҲģ
ҡһ˿ңͻȻһָݲԶŵڣô£
ĪСһڣ͸ߣǸ޳ʥҶ飬Ծˡ
Ŷ⼸ûзӦϾеĺ塣
ɲҪ⣬ǲģҪᣬҲǰʮΰ˴εñӣĪСĻԶڶֱ
Ҳɫ΢죬Ȼ㵨СҲ˵ô󵨶˺ߵĻ
ûиһ𣿡ĪСӵĿʵ
桭ûС뵽ĪС˵һʲô˼ⲻЩ͵ѧУˡ
ô˵Ҳ֪ȥĶĪСԴʧ˵˭Ҳ֪ʲô𰸣ͻȻһתͷôȥݽأ˵Ǹһ˧˵һǸ˾ˣͲ˸ˡ
ҹ˵Զһ£Զһ
̫ˣĪСһ㣬һȥݽòã
û뵽ô仯ô죬ոջɵһˣһһˡ
ǡ
ˣ㲻뿴𣿡ĪС˷ܵع˵ȥȥĻһسֵġ
û뵽ôһ˼·
ĪСܵطţǰ϶ǵģ컹˵Ұһ׹úôš
ˣɻʡ
ûãĪС˵ǿǴ͸ΨһĶҵģֻܴˣ
⣺

ݽֳһμӵĳȷǷǳ׳ۡ
ĪСŮǼʾμӵģԴУҲһ취ҲûС
ĪСҲˣСѾͷƽʱͷǳͷۣ⣬ŮƽʱǷǳ֧ѧУİһȴҲֵ÷ǳǿơ
ǲô˵ѧУҲǲʲôĳɼʵѾںʲôˣŸˣֱǿѧУʧ
һǣֳʱУ߲֯ŻȻ򣬲仵ˣԭǱ˰
ͺãæϯŮݽĵط
ѧ氡ڵӾͷһ֪жٱԻĴУͷѧ
С㣬ĪС㣬ּˣһŴԵ˵
ĪСûʲô񣬵һ˵̾Ц̫ˣǶļ䣿
һʱЩˣСѾͷӵһοʱ򣬾ûʲôøУôںתһ
ѵǵʱ֪Լݣ֪ˣ
ת˼ɴҲµĪСļ䣬ðװĴ
㣬ô˵أλǻĴƼңţ˧ƷֺáĪС˵š
Ҳûˣ˿佱ҲͷһΣǱƯŮ佱һܵ顣
ǰŮ˲ͱСһ˵պ񲻴ԣڳԼֻڲͣؿޣڡƤ


046 һô
֪ôģðôһʣ뻹ǣŮһʼŬ佱ԼŬöԷ˵
ǲƤҲһŬýš
ֻϧĪС˵ʲôǱ߶ķӦƽƺô᲻Ȥһ
ҲֻǸĪСĵţʿܿΧŮ۾ֱˡ
ݽʱ䣬Ͻ̨ʼ٩٩̸ԼľԼᣬĸ򡭡
֮ÿһ㶼֡ƣ
ֳҲǿǰ𱬣ÿһ˶ǱȾˣһЩƴظʻ
ⳡ治һݽһݳᣬⳡݳҫ۵һǡ
ʲôֳ֮£ҲֻĪСֻԴҺʱᵹȥ˯һ
ԱߵҲЩ֣ôΪʲôԼĪСȫûָоֻĪСôֱӣ˼ֿ˯ŵ
ôֳܿλãһԱߵŮʵ
ȷǹߣΪǿҲҲ˰ɣԱߵŮҲʮƯֻɫЩ䣬ȻֵõôҲ֪ǲɷϣһЩЩֶβŻﵽЧһʾֶ֮Ρ
ȻҹˣȻ˵ҪĪС϶;ԼˣֻͻȻ뵽ԼһֱĪСߣǺð취
ڰǸڶ£Ҫ˼ֱǲܵġ
ŻĪС뿪ȴ벻ǡĪСһɣһ⵹⣬ʡ߶չ˲
ֵĸ֣øô죿ҹʡ
ץסһôõʡ
Ҿÿԣҹͷ᲻
õ˵ģΪҪˣҹڴƼ׵ŰǿɾͲ֪ˡ
õ֮ô˵ҲΪ¶治ýȻһЩǳֶΣڸܶ˴ϴԣֲǻ£ץҲܶʲôͷ˼ҿư
ȻͼģԲһ£ûʲôΣ֮ǰûа취ǶҲֻǾ档
ŮѺûʲôӰ졣õǸϼһ
еŮ˶ûӰ졣ҹתͷ˶Էһۡ
СõмظۣѵǹߣǿҲ񡣡
ǲǸͲǣҹҡҡͷҲ֪ΪʲôҲȤԭ򣬲ǵôܾһﲻǺˡ
ͬ⣬õҲͷԽͿˣµ񣬲ȥȵ֮һᾡ
ҹƵһ˰鷳һˣǮûУҿɲǰ׸ɻġ
ѵܶܣõЩǣ漴ֵĿŷңȱǮĻȴʮ򡣡
ҹûĸҪǮתһֿڣǮˣûм֣̺ʯͷʯеĻܸҼˡ
˵ʯõüǶҿûУʯһ㶼ȽңİСͨúתģҪǶʲô
ʯ֪ҵʯ𣿡ҹʡ
ǹ߲ʯǲ֪Ϊʲôȱˣս֮ȴɼ졣
ֻʥһЩУپһЩҲż֣õ˼˵㻹û˵ʯҪʲô
˵ǳԵ𣿡ҹʡ
Уõ֮Աǡ
žˣͲ˵ҹʼ磬˺ؽ̸

ݽһƬһ𱬵Բˣֻ߳ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ǰŵŮȻǻ˯ӡ
Ĵ壬ȻĲ֣ǰװʲôݽʱ˯һãĪСԹţ漴ôǸ˵˵˵˵һͻˡ
ҡЩ˵ü
˵ЩϵǻһЩȻģκصᡣ
һ˵Լ֣ôһˣʱʱطָо
ȷͦģ˵еģĪСû⣬ʮʹؾͰλļһˣ㲻˵岻ϳô죿廹и˵Ĳ飿
˵˵ҵߡ
⻹û˵꣬ĪСѾקѧУˣǽȥֺòã
ЩΣѾͷѾקԼˡ
ĪС㣬ҪȥĶһ̲סʵ
˵ҪҸطúùɣôž͹ƧСߣһԽԽƫƧأǳҪ˽
֪ʺϱ𣿡ĪСʡ
ڶͷҡø˹һֲ⣬Ǵûпǹ
ⶼ֪ôڵģĪСǱһ¡
ڶǴ󺹣ǿɶǻƼڵĹߣҪڣЩСëˣҲʲôˣֱԼԼˡ
ಡ
ڣͻȻһƿյ죬ڵľ衣
ɻתͷȥѾһš
һߵüأеıھһ͵ȥ
һǷӦһǰĪС⵲
ȻǹߣҲרҵˣȻεǱĪСҲһŮˣԲʲôʧġ
һȻӾɱǣһ˶װߵ˺ȵ
֪Լڸ˭ңеǸ֣ҶˣӵĺǣҲ㾾ҲʾѾ˺ԵһʱͰԼĺ̨
ҵţô˶Ϊ֮ɵġ
ƨŮҪˣ
˵֮䣬Ѿϡ
ͬʱԾ֮ǰҲϰϵģһ·һ·ȥܿҪռϷӡ
ȴһţظ˹˼С
ˮƽҲҵӵ·ܿһ˵ȭͷȻѸһڶԷѣʱⱣ߷ɳȥ
һ˵Ƕһ£ֻûУҲһ߷ɳȥ
Ҿ˵Ǻ廹ţĪСڵʵ
СܰûһĪСҪܡ


047 СħŮľ
˵ѾˣǳԼŮӹģ䵽ԷʲôȻĺܡ
ѾһΣȻֻǼٵģ㹻һӣһķʲôԼľͳŲסˡ
ĶܣҲ͵Ů֮ǰֻ׵һС椶ԹԵظ߰ɣұ֤ǻúܿ
ѾڷȴĪС֣Լ
㣬ߣԸĪСȴһѽקȥԼǰ
㡭㡭˵㲻һСŮʲôԸôһͽ
ʵԼҲûд٣ֻѿȥССܵصСÿѡ
ģоеġĪС
ⲻ˵ľʲôڶǺӣǱ˼¾ʹˣǾĻ
ĪСҲûлشֻСϸָеҵľжõĻҾߣô
ǺǣСѾͷ㲻ʱˣǴߣû׷ϣɭЦ
ţˣϴҴߣûͰˡĪСȻԹ̲Ǻ˽⣬ǺҲҹ˵һЩҲҰɣ
ߣǿһûа취ɣ˵˾Ҫǰƽ
塪ĪС˾ɤŶ͸ߵһǼ֮ⶼˡ
Ϊͻ˾𣿡ЦһǯһָҪȥĪСĲӡ
ס֣
һȻͬʱȳġ
Դڵصıڣһʱûʲôսһ˵ı
ͬʱѾһȭ˵ĺԡ
ˣĪС˷ܵؽţһ˵ӣ̾ʹŭô㣬ѱýľж˷ˣ
ĪСĪŭŪˣԼӢ۾ˣô⡰ӣ
СǿߣɲĪСһûأסǸˣҲûȥΪʲô߲Ҫġ
ߣûôףͻȻһڵذףˣһݾֵŮǰһǰȥӵòģǾȥɣ
⾪ôһǹֵĵôܶùֻؿǰѵҪĿڴ롣
㣡ĪСʱҲŵûʧɫû뵽һ֣Ȼ
һӰ޷˵صǰȥҪԼԷһ

ĪСŪ˶һ£û뵽ͷˣȻǸոջ˵һ
ҪڶȻЩųۿԷܿΪﻹǱˡ
ꡭ
ĽһһӰ硣
СǷӦѾץסذףѪĵεવѵȾõǡ
壡ĪС˷ܵҮģҾ֪㲻᲻ǵģ
סĿڣ΢΢һ
ֻҪ˵Ӱӣеⶼ̽һ漴ôѪö۰
ܾˣҹһûиоϵʹ̧һԷ
˷ӦҲ죬ذһ鲻ɣ̾ͷַˡ
˵ÿ죬ҹ׷ø죬Ӱƽŷ˳ȥ
ڼչȭţϣʱ˲֪Ѿ˼ȭ
ߴͽһľûôô󣿶ҶԷôȭΨһĸоǡۡ
˲󣬶ҹͷҲӲǿ߶ģǱͷԶԶȲһԿȥ˴ƽ֣ʵԿԿˣ
ôȥ֪Լ᲻ֹǹۡ
ι㻹ȥæĪСҹ˴ѽѷֵӣ̲סŭ
ǽһ߰Ƕõľ飬ŮΣѵʱԼͦһȻٷѴͽˣӢȾѪ˴ᣬ
ôİ·һҹϷݸ˲˵ֱӰӢ۸߷ʳ˹ܡ
ڱĪСһҲ˼ɵվſ֣͸ǰȥһߴͽǿǴͽĿյǸոպõҹǰ棬Ҫһӡ
úãҹǺһЦ˿Էͷ֪ҪһȻͻ˸ǡǡߴͽͬҲһ߳
ǰҹںȻһʼڴϣһ֮߳ȴǰߴͽƵ˾
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顭
бַһţȻߴͽļͷȴǴԴֱ죬Ҳûз£أһ浱Ƥ߷ˡ
һÿ죡ߴͽ޺޵ţԷȻԼ֮ǰѾ˱ɵϡ
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һʼɱķŰøһڱƤһһֻܣ仯ǡǴ̼
ҪˡҪˡ
ߴͽܽһҹķһȻ׷
ˣֻҪûе˺ڵԼǰ
顭
ڻӦͷһ׼һ̾Ѿ·תͷʱȴûп·ֻһԽԽȭͷȻȭͷû˿ıϡ
Ϊʲôһ̿ߴͽûиоֻۣһ£ΪʲôµʱôĴûô
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôҹߵһû˵Ľ䣬ʧôľ׼õģ
Ҹ˵ǣ򵹵ˣȻҲһûˡ
ôˣ߿ʼҪͨ۸
˧ĪСһˣ̾ſ佱
˧
ͣ
棬Ӣ۵ģʷܵһ˰ɣ
ôڻ·𣿡ҹͼӵߴͽһѳ˶Էߣ¶һ˵ķ
˶Χ֮ǰĪСڣѾ˰ΧסҪ˵֮ǰŵϣĻѾǳûˣ԰һգһ仰Ҳ˵
ǸʲôţҹͻȻʵ
ǱĪСΪش
ȻƣʱҲ˹ϻǸǫʿģ
ôְҹʵ


048 ҵŮ
ʵһϣ⻹Ǹ¶
ҪӢۣ˵ĪСкøУԲŻĬĬڸǺ汣ǲ𷴸УֱӰŮ¡
ǡܾ˰ɣ
ôҲ΢΢һʾ̾ͷʵ
ҿŮˡҹֱӣأ
΢΢ͷȻеӣҲòϣҲǡ
ԭͬˣ´δ󱣽һ𰡣ҹһŶԷЦ

꣬⵵α˲˺ö࣡
ڴôһ仰úԼǾȥֳһ˵ϲȥҲŮ˵òã
ˣ֪ҹʡ
һʱ˸ƿԡ
ôǶģ𣿡ĪСſɰСԴʵ
ǻǰ˸Ͽؾְɣε˵Ƚɫ˵˵Ѿ˼ְҺǴҶڡ
ԶԶԣҲǹߣӦûϳɣҹʣȰ˵ʡԺ¡
װɣѾʧȥ˷ٶֵĻΪ˺ġԥص
ֲǸ첲ֲȵģҲûа취жɣǺǣڲҶĴ󵨵ĸɰɣҹ

Ĵ󵨵ظɰɣһǳŶԷڲܶôôŤأԼ̫ˣҹ̫ˣ
ǸпʼûκηӦǵҹ˵ҪϳʱǶˡ
һߣ˵Ǽֱ͸Ҫһ
һͨǻûʲôӵйٱʱ򣬸ûйȫһġ
顭
һûٳɣ䣬۵һѪ۾һ˿ž˹ȥ
ȥ֡ҹԸڡ
˶ҹǳ¶˵һ֣Ȼ᲻ᱻʰһٶ˵
ĪС̬ڣ벻ڹϵòƲ
Ǹոյĳ棬˰֮⣬Ҳûʲôá
Ǹģǲ˱ĪСڿĽ˿ҲҹĪСԶһһ˵ļһȥ֣ɱȴҹĪСǰҪܶˡ
壡ĪСһˣСͻȻһϣ͵˵ҹءΪĲˡء
ҹЩεؾֱֻۣ򸶶
Է˶ǰӽתһ£û
㣬Ҫ͸㱧һ𣿡ĪСͻȻֹס߲⡣
΢΢Σ漴ͰĿҹ֡
û£˵ƤҹûʹĪСӵѳôһĳޱȷСŮţɲʲôܵ顣
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ҹԼҲһ£ǰҲûע⵽Ϊõ֮󣬻ûܹʲôˡ
ԼĺôȻǼġƬָ̼ƣڹؼʱǿԱģı£϶Ҫܵġ
һȭòҹ̰һտʼĻ⡣
ǺǣʵҲˣ˲Ҳ뵽˸ҹһ飬ԸŴҹ͵úãþöûôʹش˱ˡ
Ҳҹ佱
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һƴú׼ҹ佱
ȥ᲻찡ô˵
Ѫˣһƣ˶ڵˣҪٴ׼ɴһͷײˡ
Ѳݽ𣿡ҹʣǲǿҪ뿪ˣ
ǰЩ뿪ط̾ţķһۣҵһˡ
ߵĻס죬ҹĿ˼һһҪ
Ŷɻ
ҵŮˣҹһָĪС⣬ҿǸåǸƼң㲻Ů˰ɣ򲻹ң
ˡ
вӦ㣬ԼҲвȥɣ
Щ˰ɣѵһ˾ҪǿռǣǶѡѵȨ΢΢ߣǲвЭġ
ܵҲ̫ˣԸܵ𣿡ĪСָıӣһתͷǲ㣿
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ֵܣҸոô˵ʵǸӣҹЩͬļ򣬡ʵ㳤ҲͷĪСܷܷܸʶ
ǰǰܷܷĺ䣡ĪСһ߶ظͣȻҹˡ
ɨһۣʲôҲû˵Ҳ뿪
įǰʵܷܷĺ䣡
ȻҲˡ
ż˵ıӰԶ۾һĨԹָǱÿ졣

ĳҸߵݣһ׼⴫
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󣿡ȻҲ˵λͷ
ôû뵽𣿡ЦЦҲȶԷѾھֱˡ
֮ǰƺûдʲôȻһ£漴º͵ЦЦ
ԭҲ򽻵۾Ϸʣμ֪ںǺˣǺǣ
ٵĻôˣǸĶŵӣֻݽƺҲûʲôϼŵɣѵҲ֮䣬ʲôĵطٵǸˡ
һɣǱϵϷ֮ɫṲ̃㵽ѧĵһҾѾ㣬챻ץסһɫħ˵Ǽ𰸼֣˲֪ү᲻֪ʵһͬ˵ıɣ
仰ǵ㵽Ѩһʱ˵
ķӦҲǼѸ٣һ˲ͻָ˳̬ʲô˼
ҵ˼ףĪСԶһھʹʧȻĻӦ֪ʲôɣϵ֮ɫֻ֮һĸȤЦݣƺܶ߶ϢȤҵңƼңʵһ۲۵ı̬ɫħбŰƻϸͷɣ˵μҴѾˣ֪֮μһ˭̳أ


049 ǹؼ
̶̰ʱ䣬ѾĪСʾȨˣƲѡ
˵ˣҹѶԸϾԷһӴļ֧ţҹֹ¼ҹˡ
ٴǵӰˣŻôʵ뷨ǡǡ෴ǺʵģûаյĻҴ˵һƿĺƣ΢΢ڱﵹЩҡš
ǺǣƣֻһԣҲĳλү뿴ĽɣһüëϵЦⲻִԶˣ֪᲻λƼԺжʲôӰأ᲻һطǸطŮ˶һ˵ĸо
һζݣǺܿ͵٣㲻ǺϲΪʲôͻȻĪСȤأȻҪŸĪС飿Ī㿴ϵĲĪСˣĶ
һ£˵ȷ˵һʲôģ
ɫҲ˲ѿҪѿһٱҲû뵽Ѿ㹻ˣȴǱ˷˶ߣȻһöԸ쵰
ʵһ˵ˣһ˵Ҳһʵˡ
ֻһԶѣ֪᲻һʲôӰ죬ȷ˵˺ܶ˵ע⣬ҶһյһԵøƽһ֮ǰ̬
ǺǣǶƵˣˣҲ֪ԷΪ˸˺Ƥ˵Щģô˵
ܼ򵥣ǸŮ˶˵ҪԷɫ͵һȴǵЦЦȻҲôѪҿѡɽμҪռһ롣
һ룿ŭˡ
Ǻǣ˵ʵ˵ҿɾͿˣ˭Ҳ֪ɽܲŪöҾУܳҲһδ֪Ϊҷ⣬òѵ𣿡Ҳ˱ƣƵԷǰٲҪܰǶԼģֳȥٶӶ࣬Ҫ֪ĵرзݣзݣһЩϢȥĻʱܲõһ룬˵ˡ

İƣһĵϢѸٴץһﷸľȴ
ý̽࣬ԸֽںɣܾṩǸץﷸӢ¾̽ݣֻ˵һǳѵḶ́ˣľ죬еʧһΪҵİȫԼŬ
ĪСҲȶԴǸ֮Ҳûܵκεɧţһƺָԭ״
ΨһĪܲˬǣɽʩˣԭĳػʱضݣȻγһ޴ȥܲ˵ӣһʱûа취ٽˡ
ͷ۵ǣĪС춼ڳŲҶ飬һҪ޸װĴ塱
أǺѸٵ̸Ӻˡ
Īǣҳ˸г˷񣬲ֻǮҲֻǶ˾̡زֱӦоСҲһƲǾҪɽĪСļױ
ҸĶһɽȷǲʲôĪ˵˲㰡ΪɽĪСµġ
Ȼ԰ĪСˣҪͬУΪѾɽˣѽһˣûỹ۰
Ī黹ûʲôȷʵҲŮƵ̫ˡ
ȴѪˣٻỹ۵ҲܻһȥѾͷžڷĪ鵹ûţװͿ
Űɽתҹôһ£Ī֪ܲ
ôɽڵȷҹ£һѾ֤飬ҲѪ顣
Ͱ
ϵֵۡ
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򵥵ֶȻǰɽȴΪͻȻ߼ȥһѾڿСɽ϶ܶ˵ע⣬ЩйߴڵĴ壬ʱţǿɾͲˣһЩεֶΣɽ䵽Լֲ˵ע⡣
εעһС˾һ߶չĪҵĲҵһ߶ɱȥĪСŴϮ档
ôû뵽ɱˣȻô׶Ѿǿ˵ҪĪСǲɱ
أĪСͷβûһˣҹɱ֣
һкܸ壬һ߶չһ߶ɱ߶֮Ĺϵֻܲ£ȴֿûκϵǸС˾ˣҲûκε
ǵ֣ΪûκϵĪųˣһʱȷҪҪѲҵȥŮƽһɱǲ˸оһ
ûɱ㣻αǴһ׽һ
вɱͲ˰
Ūõ͵һɱЩ˲׾ڣֻԼ뷨ȥһֵǷ꣬ǹ˾鲻κιϵҲðôķټչȥ
뵽һУĪС飬ҳ˳ĪҴ˹ϵöԷҵ顣
οȥ˳ǿβˣȴֳ¦ӡ
ɽѾĪСˣĪҵġ
ˣҹĿġпĪСΪ˲Ҫ顭
֪ΪʲôǮطĪҳ־ıȦףȴԼ˵ĸо
ҿɲǾһӣֻСһڹ䷽Ҳûʲô츳˵ûʲôʸ̳ҵģҲǵһ̵Ľ
ȻҪģҪ»᲻ҲһҪȡε飬һûᣬΪɽз󣬷δ֪ż飬ĸǶ֪ǡǡһλĹ乩һֵġ
Ϊ˱ܣȻĽˣܰˣȻмĺôպ󵱲˼ڷķݶҲнϴı仯
أûϵĿ࿴¶Էڶеôûĸо
ô죿󽹼˼ţֻʱ䣬¶һ֣Ͼûʲô¶ˡ
ҹͻȻ˵֡
һǹؼڵ˵׶ҹһɵģ˵Ѿˡ
ȻطҹˣǾȰҹ
ڷת˼Ȧ֮绰ӦˣǰҪҰҹҲٿˣ


050 Ҳ
ԼҹıҲƼĹȥǼֱȥŰҪĹߣǿɾͲǱڣǹûʸȥģ˵¶Լȥ
˵ףҪ죬Ҳһϵˣҹ¡
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Ǹĸ֣ȻܿˣܽҲˣ֮󣬻᲻һıأǿɾͲ˵ˡ
仰˵ǸͲܣ뷭һ㣿
żĶͿ֮˵ʲôҲˣʱȫһˡ
ʲôҹʲôżǲ֪
ЦЦһļıһѣְҹǸѲļһˣһȫԼ
ҲףҪ죡
齻ȥΪ˿Լ鲻ҶǸطоҲûгɹҪȻҲŶȥ֡
ɽϳصľ޶ȻûĹע͹עô᲻֪ܿżͻᱻĹ߷֣Ϊ˱ǱҪٶȣðЩҲҪӲͷƤˣȻȲϡ
ڵʱҹһյǸİ뷢ĶϢͬҪԸ㣬Сģ
ߵһ𣿡ҹɻһ£ϾͷӦ˹
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֣ȴһ绰ͬҲһİ롣
ҹϾ͵ɽȻĻⱲӶٿŮˡԷſ˵
ҹ۾һУȷû
ǺǣҲûзϣһȷûбҪαװȥˣɽСʱ֮ҿĻ͵ʬɣȻ֮ǰͨһЩоܿĵ飬
绰漴ҵҹҲ˹ȵס
ʵϣץǸνɫħһֱ̫ţΪʵ̫򵥡̫ˣҲ֮һֱû뿪ԭ
ĻҲûд֪ƺĳֹ˼ɣһֱ϶֣Ȼ֮ǰû˱ҪֵĻܶࡣ
ûУ˾һֻͼʾãһͨ׷һҹľ赹С
ǷʲôȻҪ⶯ˣ
ɽɽˡ

ɽһӿٶȵʯǧټҪĪС飬ĿľȻҪɽױҲһŲ˵һͨĵطҹš
һ̤˿ƬΪʩɵǽ֮⣬ҲĸоĶ
ǿʯɢϢһĪС˵ģǸӽɽľ޴
ҹʱĳŵЦҲõǸŮ˰ɣ
ĶҹʣѾˣ԰ˡ
ЦˣܱǸҿû˵
㲻ԼɣҶûȤġҹ
˿ŭϻЩζЦ⣺Ҷ㵹ǺȤǡһû뵽ȻϻﺦԣһҲûУɻƼ۷սԸ㣬һص˰
ҹɫһһܵˣǽԶԼе̫ѱ˵ɵˡ
˵Ҳùֺ⣬һμˣֻҪԲһ£̾ܲܶɵ
ҸӺǣļֵҲ㶯飬㾹Ȼڶûжεľ̾
ֵҹһ׵Ĵʡ
⵱ȻмֵģȻ
ԭͲ֪ڽ˿һЦ㾹ȻǸʥǱң
㵽İɣңˣ˶ĺôҹ̧۾ʵ
ٸ㣡ͻȻû̸ȤΪҪȵ˵ˡ
Σգ
ϵɱȻҹо˿˿вֻһαѻɱִɱʱŸܵ˵Ҳ㹻вʵ
ڵʵڵʵĵȷȷڣһˮֶûС
һЩҹʶΧðĸߣ߽ӽ
ĸˣĸƼ۷ĸ֣ټǰһҹ˲ʵҲòüͷˡ
ӵĻͻʿЦв
ģ첻ɱ㣬ǲߵġҹ˵Ѿȭȥ
ǺǣҼǵ˵Ҵ򲻹㣬ȵľһȭȻһЦӭȥҾ㿴˭򲻹˭
ҪƴսĻоԵİɱҹҹƴӣҲסԲŻٴμҵ˸ֹĿľҹװɽϡ
顭
һȭ֮Ľ֤ҹһ棬ѹԷơ
ҹˣűɣ
ֲĿУؿҹˤķ򣬵ӵ֮һγԼʱǷŭı顣
ҹڷɣ֮ŵˣ˾˲
һ£ԼʵôҹȻһȭȥôԶͣ
ҹɶԷˣˣˡ
ԲۣСܣ
ֱѪ˼Ǳ˵ģǽԼɵģԲŻôԶ
СҲ̫ƻ֮Ȼֱתܣͣӣһ·ˡ
Ҳǹܣ뿴ԼһȭЧʲô̶ȣˣҹһȭ輤ŭ֮ٳӡ
ҹôһˣôԶˣ
ӡ֤뷨һոһж˼ҹһתɽȥ
û취ɽ·˶ˣֻܳɽߣҲǸķ
ҹӣұ֤в
ģɱ㣬ǲߵģҹҲظ֮ǰĻ
⻰ûӪΪҹûٳɽܵøˡ


051 ͬھ
ҹȷûߣˣ
Ҳżɽ·ҹҪƤߣûпܵġ
ҪģɽǸҲҪȥĵطҹĶʰһġ
ɽȻǵȷ󣬲󹦷ҹѾɽǡûг·
£Ȼرߣˤʲôģɼ죡
ϴεʱҹȷǴɽϵȥûˤزл˵Ǵ󲿷ֶΪԷסҹҪһεĻʮа˾ŻһߵĽ
ô㲻𣿡Ӻ洫
˿ĸߣվǸ޴ԱߣﵽɽҲֻвԶľ롣
ҹתķһ
ֱ׵ĶڣԵ絶һ㣬¿ȥ䣬Ϳκζ
㾲ʱ򣬺һЩﴫ˿˿ֻʲôںе㹻õСŵòҽӽ
ֻҹʱȴһֵĸо֮⣬ȻûдⶴоĶ˵Σգ
õ֮ΣյľʮУһΣȴһûио
ô𣿡ҹǸضţȥɱԵ飬һʹˣμҲٸκΪѡ
ףҾⲻҹؿţ߶λò̫ãһǱ߶ɡ
ҪˣˣΪһҪôȥҪôȥҲ˲١
ҹһｻ֣ҪʱСһոȻûбҹܵҲ㹻Ƶġ
Թԣ˵׼˭˭ȥҹЦ
һ˿мûСҹ˼Ǿڵʵԣҹѹʸ
ĸһЩסҪӵͷ򼸸˷Ըһ£عͷٿҹҾԸ
˵ѾӾ޶һ
׵ľ룬ֵȻֱȥҪգҹһ£ǿɾ͵ʮ˱ѪùˣոΪԵõҼ̳ȨȻȥðַա
ɾһʱҹҲˣûκι˼ɡ
ĸƼ۷Ĺߣʵ±ҪǿɲһһڶԼ򵥣ҹĸͻơ
סҲϵҹһУ¾͸ҲԾ
һǰĸƼ۷壬Ϊ˵ǰҹ˽ˡ
ҹȻҲ֪ڵֹۣһپƵһǰݺһȭԷѡ
ԷҲʾڵϣԷҹȻһֲȴ
ҹֻһˣĸүڳҲʮִ󵨣Ȼ΢΢һͬʱȥ񵲣Ӳƴͬһȭҹ
顭
ˣһϲСҲûôѶԸ
顭
ȻҹԶһҹסһ̣ȭҲȺк˹
ۡ
еһȭı˷ܵУҹһѪ
ûʲôոһ£Ҫǣƣ˶ô׵֣ץҹĹ϶ͷһݶ
˵ǣҹոտ͵һȭȻûʲôһ
ͻȻЩԣЩ
ӦʱֽѾءʱףҹȭͷǶԷûдǱȭΪצһѽץ
˾˲ҹĳһ裬Ѽıڶһˡ
ס·ڣѸ
ֻҪҹɱֻһʱ⡣
ӷɵҹ
ԱһǷɹĲǷɵǸЮƵıڡ
䱣ڵõɣ֮ȥһ£صĹ;͸ˡ
ոһ¿ûãǣ֮£ǰҹ˵ģǴһ
ȰȰҲ䰡䰡ôͻû䵽ϣѵ׵ȥ
ǽǰһڣ֪Լʲôط

ſֲĲҽﴫƬ̼ͱһƬš
סٴμظȴڵѪ
һƼ۷ıڣǶμ˵ҲǾ޴ʧҹƴһѪĴۣ˲һ
ǰںΪ̳μҵĲڲһˣÿʧһˣǶĲƲ
ɵҹֺһ䡣
ŭ壬ƭһΣʧһƼ۷ıڣƭڶΣΪԼɵ
壡ǣеˣ
ʿ˧ŤˣȻֻƤϻһѪۣôеĲǵ谡
ŤͷʱҹѾٴγһڣһȭҹȥԱ߶ǰԮȻҹƴȭһѪץסһڣһն
ôǸղŵķôɶ
գۼѾǸҹ׳ȥıڣѾˡ
һβǸʲôۣһҪҹɱ
ǣҹʱͬ˫ĵҹϡ
ӰǲȺȥҲûض˽ȥ

һεķ棬ֲĲҽ
һߵڿһۣȻתͷԸȥˣѪѾɣҪ죡
ȻʧƼ۷ĸ֣Ǹøɵ黹ҪɣֻϣżĶҪʧ
ڸ֮ԼǺǣǶԷһҲûҪء
ǣү
˲侪ֵصɴ۾ǰһֻڴӦġүѾǾˡ
еͷƤһ飬ӦǺܿ죬תͬʱ˫ȭѾ˳ȥ
顭
ȭͷҹϣûãһûзӦһѾһѽקס
֪ҹҪʲôˣѾվڱԵ˿̱ҹһק˶ʱȥ
ү
æܹȥǿ·ʱȻֻǺںһƬʲôҲûˡ
ô죿˶еɵˡ
￴ţȥһ
ȥŰɡһҲ˵
һȥ
ã
ﲻ˵£ǸոҹȥȴִͻȻðҲҲһӰ
ĽǣǺؾˣһȥүǻǡͿ컯ɡ
µúѸ٣ܵøѸ٣ܵˣҹͻٴðƵĴһ
ĪСߣѸ͵֣ſȥˣô죿ô죿


052 ˭Ҳõ
ҲǽüͷոͿҹͬھĳ棬ĪСʱ;ҪУñס죬صһȥ
С󶼲֪ʲô£ǲȱ۶ܰҹ˴ˣԲǼ򵥵ĪСôðȥﲻæܾܿȥ
ûô˼ѾжĴʩĹѰһЩ
Ƭ֮ѾҵһѸٰЩ̴ϸͬӶӵһȻڶԱһʵĵطϣȻеȥ
ҪʲôĪСĨһʡ
ҹȹҵҲ￴ȥܣǺڶһۣҹˣҲҪʬױ
ҲҪȥҲȹҵĪСһ̾ͳž޶ȥ
ɵһסһȥˣȥҾԮ˵ЩӸͲá
ŶŶϾȥҲҪСĵ㣡ĪСһתͳɽȥˡ
ĪСıӰһۣץһԾȥʵףܺҹĻ¾ͲֻǺôˡ
֪ʲôܣǹ֮飬ûô򵥹
˵ҹȹһˣҪȥڲȥҹĻϣȴΪǸʲôȵҹɥĻⱲĲ
ЩģͲڶѡ

顭
Ƶš
ԭקһ𣬵Ҳ֪ˤ˶֮󣬵׻ǸԷֱֿһյϡ
ϿͿڵգͬ¿һҲǺɵһƬ
ŹȴȻγһɽȴ͵ĹߣܿһС
ɽܵɫˮһĶܺͳҹˤڴǱִɫˮʯͷš
ȥ۲Ļܸоʯͷʱʱͻ߮һĹߣСһ˲֣˲ʧȻֻһ˲䣬ɫˮʯ˲˸ĹߣҲγĹˡ
֮⣬ڿɽУһϵһףȥݣϣʲôһ࣬ƻ״
һ񶼵̵ֵǣȴһƬհףȫûе̳
ҹԺ֮һܿһۣһûжҲûȥΧЩˮһĶϡ
ף
һ۾ͿһƬװ壬ȴʲô
ҲգҾٶϷ򵹺뿴Ҵ־Сӣ»ᱻҳɺεģ
Ҳ֪ôģ굽
ӹɣ϶ǸԼ´еߡֻҲ̫ˣ·ڤڤ֮ԼֵŪһ񣬾Ȼ׶ûУͲ޴ƶ⵽һ
̫ˣҹ̲סȥһǵ
ָոһմʱ̾͸оһǿҵĵϮ˲Ͱ
ãҹﰵУæҪ֣ǸͰ첻

Ѹٵزƣһ֩һžʯĩ
ҹͨһڵϣûзӦôһ£ͻȻоɽҲЩɽϵһˮڵ֮ҲĳַӦһ
̡
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ɣոһͰûˣҪɽˮҲ˵磬ǲҪ俾
ЩˮɽܣǲһӶɹԼɣ
ͷеʱҲ˵⵽ҪԼô
ȻЩ֣ҹȴţһǸͷĹȻԼôĪ˵Ǿ仰ԼڵܴУ֮˵ġ
ԽԽˣͷʲôôôţԼᵽĶȥ㵽ר¶š

ҹ뵽ʱȻֲżˣͷԼĴУ϶˾һ㡰Сۡ
̡
øͻȻһӷ·𰲾ҹ۾ɫ⣬һѷ
š
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ҹѾһɫǹںӴĵطڲϵ͸ڡÿ͸һ֣Ϲͼһ֣ҹ¶Ⱦͻһ̨ס
᲻ɹ֮־ͿԳԿˣ
뷨ֻ˸һ£漴Ѿʶģȥпܱɿ⡣
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ҹרĵתսÿЩɫϡ
ڶЩڴˣ֪Щɫ᲻֮ǰǿʯһʵһ̨ף
ôСһʯ԰ΪһضôˮȫˣΪ϶ˡ
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ҲҹһΧ˿ûȻܿĿⶼɫҹϡ
ǡ
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ŭһôûˤ
⻰ʱȫûע⣬ҪҹˤĻԼͷɷˡ
ô࣬İһεѪ˳ҹû뵽ͷõôľȻҹ
УԲУòҲõ
ҹֱͺ޵˼㣬Ǵǰò̳μҵĻᣬҲûôŭҹȴ߳һͷżҲվһߣܲ˵ġ
˿ĶţʵҰı˭أֻףǸӵ߶ԼжĺôܶŮӶڲ£ѾĶ֮С
ҿһۣȴûзʲôܹõĶֻóǰȥݺһƣҹİٻѨȥ


053 ЩСϷ
ΪĹߣһڰٻѨԷǱһȼĵؼǿߣҲ˵ܽͨ˸Ǳɡ
ڵҹȫɫʱȻ㣬ȫȫˣֻؿŶԷһ¡
顭
ӰɳȥҿŴʯ
ɫһһҹУոһѾо˵ֻڣ¾۷Ҳڵҹ
ƿɾʹˡ
Ǵϲһգؿ
ģͻȻϵһذףЦЦ
ƻУͿܷܲסˣȻǰһ̣Ŀҹ۾
ڲҹһɱֻҪܰһ˾СµòĻҹⶫҲһնûУɹˣҹ϶Ҫˣʱɱ練ƣ
ۡ
ذױ޴ĳ֣Ҳˣôذ׺ؾȻͷһĴȸ
ĺˣÿ죬Ҫ⵶бôһ㡭ҲͲʲôɲħŹֱˡ
γԣѾԹ˿ͷֻ֪Ҫǲɫ⻹ڣԼҹû취Ҫ
ţȵȡ
ﾫһ̫ƶûˣһȳһյߵҹĸǰ΢΢ŶԷ
ҹǲǺܵ⣿ŶԷ۾Ȼɫ⣬ܿⲻ˶ãμҵ˺ܿ͵ˣƨżҲûбĶҲûйϵֻҪɱ㣬Ѿ㹻ˣοһõһˣ֪˭϶ܲµ
ҹĿ̼Цµöԣ⣬Ѿץޣ޼˿š
㲻õģ޼ʱҶΪҪŮˣǻһȥ֮һһúƷŮζζ𣿡
ôң֪ΪʲôΪ壬ŮĹɣʴõ˫ް¡
Ŷ϶µǼӣʵˣֻЩһΪģҾҪһ˲ɲŵĹߣǺǣѰŮ˶̫ˣֻҪҲɹһΣͻɣⲻһ˵ôŹŮأ
ˣǸ˵ŮȻʺ˫ޣǱҪǸ˶УŮȻȴѶ飬һͺѸı⣬ƫƫͶ㶯飬֪ΪʲôҿΪΣѾʱΪǸűҪ
֮һôһ跨֪ȻΪ޼ɱ㣬취ȥһҪţʵһΣҲң˵᲻Ҷ飿˵ʱԼЩŮ˸崿ˮԶҲ󲻵Ůһ֮󣬻ǶôĹ֣ҰħԺ󣬿ÿϵʱ䣬Ҫڴˣǳ𣿡
ԼһʿߣڳЦݣ˿̲סҪ͡
ʱԸҹһֻۣһۣһֶû˵ȴش￴ĸ֣ɷʣ
һôôԼ̣ôľôһۣܿԷ˼ѵ칦ܣ
ۿҹϵɫ⣬Ѿǰ˺ܶ࣬ʣ±һ㡣ôȥԷֻǾҪεˣһĪչ
ŶЧһģҹһۣĸ
ո˵ô໰ҪŭԷҹԼ߻ħ״̬Ȼһвô⣬ҹҪˡ
ԼΪ˵Щϻװ˷˲ٵʱ䡣
ЩҲ֪᲻ᾡҹﶼ¶ˣôҹ᲻ֱӰıˣҪ֪ԭҹûκֻôһĸо
һ飬ûҵʲôֵĶͻȻĿǽһ޴ˮʯϡ
ԭɫѾʾһĥ̴Сˮһ㡣
Ҳ߶ʮһȥ˫ģžžžʮȥдһˮʯͷǽϵ
ˡ
صķѷ·ɽò˲
⣬ע˫ۣһͱǰҹȥ
ǲɫǱҹĶ˲㶫ˣ˵ķЧҲҪʧˣҹûгɹ֮ǰŪεûаװñռ˱ˡ
顭
޴ˮʯҹײһ𣬺ͣ˰֮ɫٿһ漴ʧˣҹҲűײõɳȥ
ˣǽһʹ졣
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ͷϡҹȻˣѾ˵ˡ
ҲܸоոΪصƣƺĴַɵ״̬ڷٵؼţֻҪٹһȫԻָ
һ˿𣿵ڣ㻹СϷ
顭
һӰϣֱӰѴʱҲ˵˸
ҹ磬ˣһۿҹ̼˵
ûҹ绹ţ
˭ҹûлӦѾǿָŸµ
һ棬ֻûʲôӡˡ
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ϸȥڿзţǽһߣĹ֣Ȼֱû˸۸ˡ
һߵÿһᣬҲ˵״̬ʵϣҹҪΪҹÿһӶԵĺתȴֻǲϵؼš
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ǶʡϼŵټʲôҲֻҪվһߣұ֤ȥ֮󣬸һ򣡡һ̰Ƶˡ
˻Ǯʵһ֮ȵطԼҲҹһˣ
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ɽڵ


054 μ
ߣҪҹ˵ʱɽѾʼʯ
Щ޴ˮʯڱ֮Ȼûиı䣬ȴһɽһ֮䣬Ѿвٶѿ
ҹ磬ұ㣡ɲˣ˵ҹţҹһʬҲᶪ²ܡ
ҡҡҲ󺰴ţ򸶶֣һ£Ҹһǧ򣬲ҪҸ٣ҪʲôУ
ʱѾҹڱϣԷô󺰣ͳʣҹ磬ҪҪ
ɡҹ
߹ȥڴĿһȭ˶Էıϣú˯ɣ
һ˿ûӰٶȣץסӣ˼ƣٵš
ҹ⣬ؼҹһܶӰסҲʮֲ㡣
¡
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ҪˣǾͲǸˣûһֻƴŶڷ
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Сӣûпһ˵ȥں棬һʮߣȥʮϣ˿ҲһؿŸǸط
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ֻʹ仰֮󣬸ȴȫûзӦûش𣬶Ǹûӡ
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ŵʮڣҲǸоźźˣһԼЩһ˳ǰˡ
顭
˶ĬŵǸطͻȻ񱻲ȵ˵һһƬ
ҹѵذϰһѾһôˡ
ҹ磿Բۣ㶼ûһ࣬ȴһû⣬˷ܵǰȥʵ
ǺǣǿġӴӴקҵϹͷקɢˡҹæʾ⸶֡
ոһ±Ҳǻ˼󹦷ó֮Լû뵽ܳɡ
һ͸̾͸оԼһ뵽ڵص״̬Ͳܶˡ
θ͸֧һֻǲܶûκβ״̬
⵱ڣҹһ߶Ϣһ߶ϸһԼΪ
Բۣ붦ڣæô죬ôæˣ֪Ҫȥ
תһ룬ЩɫҲ벻ҪͲҪģǶƴ͸Ҫǲˣ˵׼ʲôء
ҹ̾һǶǺúӣôǱƵİ
ҹ
˿֮ûʲôɽȥıڿǶҹӡһ۾ϳ
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μңȻûѾô֣ⶫ֮ĩС֮ףҲй̵ģû¶Ҳкܴͼıɡ
μҵĹ죬ߵĿѾ˼֣ɱμҵӵܣ㲻Ϊô˰ɣ
ҪҪˣһĭָǸ˵żְҹƭҪԼɵ˰ߴڶ棬㻹˵ǲˣôôء
ҹԴѵĿ˵ôĻȻ˵Ķʵ
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ҹܶǸˡ
ȭ󣬽ңȻȷҲǸ֣ɹ治ܿġ
ֱǰƶûб䣬ķʽǰײݺݰѸײ÷Զ
˸ոߣСѾ˹ոձĸͲһ
߰ɣǲôġҹں
𣿸ôˣҲһȲԼμҲ鷳ѾӦոˡ
ǸûͣɽһȻ֪ûȥˡȻ֪ҹܻǲϷ¡ڣȻ֪ʹ򲻹ԷҲûãߡ
ٴˣҹѾҡվػָţȥӸţֻҪӵˣССμңҰô
Ҫʱ䣬øɹŭЩˣ˳ʰֻǺܼ򵥵顣
ҹҲ˽⸶ĸԣǶǿĶ֣ܱŰöһֻҪһڣԲԼĿꡣ
仰һ˵Ҳͣˣ֪ҹ˵ĻǼٵģģԼԾǲģԼҲҹ


055 ռ
ôĿ컺̤ǰһһǺ֪μҶҶģʲôˣ
һ£漴ҲףҹֻǺƭԼ뿪ѡ
μңǺǣȻǺ˽⣬ͷҲ֪ţƵġ
֪㡣
һŮˣȷ˵һŮӵͻأش
峺ȴƽ䣬ڱﶳϰóһ
˶תͷȥҲ⡣
һתͷ˶Ůˡ
̫Ưˣ
˴֮⣬İĪŮҹ֮ǰɫǵĳƺһֱǴ͸ϵġ
Ůܶ࣬Ҳ٣ôƯģȴǵһΡ
ŶһǾǼһˡ
ǰŮȫͬᣬȴֲʧŮǰһǴӻ߳ʳ˼̻ӡ
۾ˮһ˿ӵĸ鲨һֽ̬İףȴƫƫϸͨ͸˾ȡ
ǣҲֻĸֲǰŮˡ
ǡԥһ£ڻǴ³һ᣿
ֻľӣһ䲻ɽӽ̬ӡҲֻһλŮˡ
ûлӦǲмڻشôһ޴⣬ֻظһ飺֪ԭ򣿡

ҹᡭ಻ؾ£ɺϰɣɺϰɣ
ΪԷ飬ֻǾԼĴ𰸣ҵ
Ϊʲôսʵʱһƨϡ
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쵱ȻûȥԵԥ˼֮ҧҧٴӣС㣬ҹҵˣɱμүҲܾô˰ɣ
֮ͨԼɱ˼үһļ̳ˣô飬ƴҲܲһ˵
Ҳûʲô˵ֻôһʣֻҪ˵һ䣬һμҶԻǾûʲô¶ˡ
ȻֻԷһ̾ʹ˻ߣҲ̫μҵӣȥ֮μǱ߶ҲýҲҪõԷһŵаɡ
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ǲҪأȥ߷ɳҲû취ҹʲôﲻǡ
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ɵˣЩŭҲ̫ˣҲܲ
μүɱˣֻμ˵˵Ļô£
۷壬ῴӦˣȻȷǺţĻԼŰʮᡣ
ֻǸոǵʵ̫죬Ҳû뵽ͻȻͶ֣ȫûз˵
Ű𣿿컹û֡
㡭Ȼѹûж֣Ǵ˿˿ڣҲҵ˵ãһȥμ˵ģܻܽĵط
үү˵ˣ˭۸Ҹ磬͸˭ƴ⻰˵Ȼƽܱ䣬΢΢̧ӣҲһ
ǱըһүүүүǡԵǰ
ֻһүү
⻰˵ģǻشˣûش
춮ˣֻһҵүүֻһĻǾԵ
ԵûԵڣҡҪԵˣ
лС飡Ҳûж˵ʲôһ
תʮɽˣǶҲҪϲ٣ȫո˷һֱۡ
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֮ǰ˵ұμҵʵǿҲܻܲʵǿλߵ˿վ˵һ
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˵ԵʵѾǵؼ۷壬˵ǻ˵ԵʱͰԵû߶ΪһС£ԴԷԷƴ˵
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ҹûʲôȻҲΪȻģЩɵˡ
ʲô˼ոջ˵Ҫָ˵أŮͱһˣ֮ǰҪһˡ̫ò˰ɣ
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Ǻǣҹ֪˵ǸոøȥϢ飬ʵҲûдֻҪٸҼʱ䣬ԼܰǴ̶ʶ
ǳ鴤һ£ȻҹҲ仰֮󣬻һ֡ҹ治Ҫĸо
֪Ҳ֪˵֪Լ֪ܴЩˣүүˣ
֪ҹҲ˵
ɵһǽһƣ˼һһ֪ԼֻźҲ֪˭һ
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һؼҰɡ˵ĿҲҹ
үүô˵ҹʡ
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ڣ֪ҹһ̾ͻش޼ңⲻµģûκ˸Ҷһͷ
ҹһץץ˳ͷСԽԽˣ治ҵã
ûзӦȴˣҹ磬ͣһ
Ҹһ£ǸʶֵܣҹָŸȻְǰһᣬԽСᡣ


056 ҵŮ
á䣬ȻѾܸӵ򸶶ͷ
ɣҹʽ˵Լֵܣÿһ۰ɡ
ҹ磬Ưк֮󣬸ſˮ͵͵ҹ˵
ǵȻˣҲ˭ã϶һҹǵ˵
ȥҹ̫ˣҹҲֵˣЦȻҲ㿪СòԶ˺òãǲİɣ
ף㶼ܿóҹȵ˵
ȥİɣһӻҰ
Ҫ˵ҹôһƯãһĶǾе˫ʶ۾ˡԼҹֵܣҪǽˮ¥̨Ļỹ
ҪǲĻǾܴˣҹӣʮа˾ǿȿȿȡĲġ
һ⣡
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У޼¶һƬţΪһĹߡ
ΪڣĲΪǸ֣ң
Ҳ޶֪ԵѾ»صңǾһûԵңҲСС޼ܺӵġ
֮󣬵ҲûʲôֻҪһˣ͵⡣
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֮һֱ޼Ҵ޶˭ֻ⿴һۣҲû˵κλ޶Ҳ޴֪⵽ô¡
ֻ÷ԸˣСĵӦţǸ⣬ǧҲܵˣǰǵһŵģھȲõ̹ţҲõùðɣ
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Ȼ۴һ濴ŮעĿһЩǵͨ˳ʱ˶ȥΪǸȳֵŮҲһζһ޶ǡ
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ҲһȵܵǿĵطӵûԼֳϺ˼ƣҵĴų죬˵˲˵ĻԭһΡ
޶ҲһҺֻһ䣬ҲҺõʱǸ˵öŮˣҪȻĻĵԣܾҪϺˡ
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޶һ£æϣǰˣȮǱһаŽа޳ɱģһϵûУǸĶӣ֮ǰǵȷйСìܣʱʵڲ֪٣һǰˡ
ǲû£޶ôġ޶ҲϺˣ̾ͱԼ̬ȣ̹˵ҹ֮ǰìܣֻǺСԵùˡ
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޼˿żλү߳һ޶󱳶еʪʪĸоֻʾúãǰǸϵ޼

Ҫȥҿ𣿡޼ҳʵ
ȻѾ֪﷢Ĵ󲿷飬Զ⡣
ˣҹҡҡͷлᣬչһ£͵Ƕҵĳŵɡ
Ǹңòôһ£뷨һ֡


057 ϣټ
᲻֪ҹʲôҲ֪ҹʱ뷨ҹ֮ԱƵ뿪ޣ֮£ǰٻ͡
ûٻȡ֣û˰ɱҲкһ顣
޼Ҳ˵ˣΪǰһǵ壬ǾʹˣǻܵһصĴǵϣϡ
̫ݣ֪ʹˡ
˵ԭ޼֪ʹ۷Ҳ󣬷޼ҾҪˡ
ңˣ㲻˵ٻԶҪ𣿡ҹҡͷԶ˻
ǱǶ˵ģͻȻַˣ׼ȷ˵ٻԼˣһƽᣬ˵⻰ʱ¶һɵмɼϷŪԼŮж񣬡ڵٻѾ޸쾩ҵҡ
ңҹһ£֣ΪʲôϤĸо
쾩ҵĴү䣬˵ʱ˸һۣɫûż˵Щ֣񲢲ôϲŮˣʮ궼ûн飬ǰ޵ʱٻǵٻ򽭼˻飬Ҹȥ쾩
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СᣬСƢҹ
ŶɽŮֻԵҹǰŻֳ˹ɵһ档
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ҹ͸һͷߣҲЦ⡣
Сӱ֣躰ؼҳˣҹճƤǸƳȥ
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Уǲ˼ģȴǵһˡ
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ٺֵĻҿϾˣҹ
ŶĪСæһգܹɵվһ߶ա
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ҹͣʵʲôҲû
ԴӼʱҾеĵ绰ûж˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҹǰˣĵ绰Ȼܶණˡ
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Ȼлˣǰһҹһӵ΢΢ڶԷϣлл㡣
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ҹһ£֮ҲЦЦϣǻټ
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ĪСǸѺ͸֣ҲٻĿģȥ⵽еĴκεѹȥѹ
ټϣǻټɣϣټʱѾ㹻ʵȥˣҹĬĬţȭͷ


058 ԽԽƯ
ĪСҲû˵ʲôѵĻûôرסҹšʵܶʱҲ֪ҪʲôֻǸϲֱӵķʽȥԼ顣
ȷ˵ҹ뿪ʵԼڽҲûʲôĪСˡ
ֻҹһӵлл֮ͰԱ߿ûκζԺͶ
ǸҹܳϿҵһȥҡ
йߣܶ࣬ҵʵʦһ㡣ҹ˵
ţҡҡͷԲҹ磬ڻ뿪
ǺðɣȻźҹҲûΪʲôʲôʱȥˣǸʱһҵĻֱӱҵ߽ȥ
ллҹ磡ϵ
лʲôȹҵҹ֣ص
ǷһΡҲ
ҹҡͷȴٸִ磺ðɣҵ㵽顣
һжƺϣҹǻ֣Ȼ忪ĳ
ԶȥӰˣĪСˮ⣺㣬ôޣ
Ϊǻټģ΢΢Цһ¡

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﷢һ£Ҳͨ˶ûʲôоڴССļȴһƬˡ
ԵˣǸԵͷҪںǸˣҪˣ
ܶ嶼ȻҪμңǵ֪֮ǰԸǸҹȻҵĴүʱԭμҼηȹϵСƻ
Ӷûˣûڲû⣬һ᲻ôꡣ
˵μвԣμҼеӶˣҲ˵ʲôˡǰ˵ģԵǸϼһʲôʱ򰴹
һֱûдʲôηҲʮֹϣӼλĵܵη
ӶˣٴҫҲûм̳ˣ簲ȥһ̣μҶһЩİηҲ
ڴʱһ˻ع˺ǣûκ˵ĺ䶯ҵȴ˸顣
Եϼ֮⣬ڵҼӢµӢĶ졢Ů£ӶˣƽʱﲻôһҴԺӭš
ӭӵ˭Ȼ˵Ǹȱ䣬ȴһëִ豻ϳҵҹ
ˣǰСӱӢϳţòЦٰСӽӻ
Цʵڵɫ޻ѿԺվŵˣһҳһСλƽ׷ŭС档
֨ѽһ򿪣һ̤һˣŵ˲䣬Ҳˣȫû뵽ֳ档
תͷȥᣬԷֻƽ˵үү˵ô߳ȥģô߻
ҹһû˵ʵ벻Ӧ˵ʲô
ǰ߳ŵʱֻһȴ˵
һҴүӴ֮ҲûκεĹϸᵽҹ֣ᱻմһ
ˣ
ⲻҹҪɵģȴĻˡ
ԵҪԼӻҪ̤˵
İԵֻǶˣԼĶҲһ
ԵԵ˻ܣȴòܣɱİԵˣȴ޲оԺ
ҲλϼʱŨŨĻĽζԭ
ʵϲֻô룬ܶӵҲ룬ôһүүҲúˬ
ͲˣΪˬֻһˣԵӾͺܲˬǳˬλүүǲ⼸겻ϺͿˡ
Ȼ⻰û˸˵˵Ե֣Ӣһǡ
ȻԵʵҵļҽһϣЩȥҵӵ˵ӵܣ䵽ңµȲԵ̵ʱѾԼʰøһˡ
СҹڻˣȷӦĻǼӢ˿̵΢Цҹļ򣬺λʧɢĶӡ
塣ҹܸж
үүİԵȻö嶼ҧԼЦô˸ж
ͺãͺãӢҹļ򣬡ǰͲˡ
˵仰ʱҹֻǵЦ£û⣬۾ȴһ˿ŭ⡣
ȥ鲻ᣬԵĻǴӢ˵ȴŶԷ˹Żᱻϳһ
ӭүؼң
һڱӶˣ˵
Եŵģǡү֣ȴǳʹ졣
ˣѾϰү֣ĳƺڣҹһ֣һ˵ȴһ취ûС
Ҫ˵Ȼҹʲôͣȱĵһڹһעһ
Ҫ˵̣СҲûʲô츳ڼԵĻΪүүƨ˵ͰĶˣѵպλҲ
ڵļӢ˵һĻȿǵĿ϶졣
̫ôʹޡ˵ˣһүүҪǶһ仰¶
ôţɫղŵӢҪѿ
ǻø磿Ӣװõѵ
ø磡ٲԸҲ˵ʲôֻӲͷƤһǱͿ֪ˡ
ټ㣬ҹǺЦЦټĸҲ
۾һ£һﲻǻǰʾԼ֮λɣ
Ҳ֪֮ǲҲ̵ܾķǵ˼Ҳֻܿүүͷ֧ţ˵䲻ԵҲԶ
ȵԵ˵ʱҿ˭Ǹķ
ôһˣǰԼܷɾ裬˭֪ôģû˼ԺҲ˵׼
ø硭һ͸ˣûȥҹ
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ҹı͸ɶˣֳˡ
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Ҳû취ֻðҹۡ
ߡ˵ˣҲµǰʱԷøҲֱһŤͷҹ
ȨʱҲŮʹСӣ˵ԵһҲô𷣣µȻҪԼˡ
ǺǣСԽԽƯˡҹҲûؿ佱
𣿡µɫһЩȻʵò޳


059 ʥ
ôڿԼƯˣŮ˶ǻᱣһݵģǰ˵Լѿˡ
ȻǰҼʶ̫٣˵С᳤ñƯҾǲԵġҹϿ˵
µһ˿ӣʾ֪ҵĺˣ
ҵʵûŮ·ֱҹĸӢǬͶӢģҵֵûκѪԵϵ
һʼʱϲҹֻܸоҹȶҪãԽ󣬾Խԡ
ʼʱºܲȥԽҹ̬ȾԽֱ˼ͷһ
Ȼҹ䣬úܽµʼһԼȴԷı
ոҹ˵仰ʱ¾Ǳ˵һ֮һ
뵱͸׵̫ˣѾ֣Ҷˣúôҹһ¡ڳôˣкܶ඼Ӷ˱ڣȻҪһ˵⻰ʲʡ
ʱҹֽ˵ˣתһȦ˸֮󣬲ŷֳСƯкܶ˶Ư˵㻹ǱǰƯ˺ܶ࣬ĵġ
û˵꣬µıӶ챻ˣ޲ȥҧԷһڡ
ոȻΪһԼʾãԼˣһһûб䣬ǹ˼꣬ԼȻһǴСòһǧһ򱶡
뵽޺޵ᡣ
Ҫ˵𣿡˵ʵ
һ£漴ʶ⻰һвζҶ˵䣬֣ܶ
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ңû˸ӹԵ޹ʸֵ֮ܽ䶯֣ȻǲģԵ̻ҹҲ⡣
һ⣬ǾᣬԵڲڣûиı
ҹ뿪֮˦⣬ֱü춼ҳżˡ
ʱԵѾûû֪ˣĸطûңûٻᣬң
֮ᱻҹһ
±Ҫְƻǿ۾ʱңһĵҲң
ƽܳĬʲô漰ҹ飬ûǲǿƣǿƵѼ
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䣬ǴǰԱ˵̬ȣһһӱ䣬˶һһҲ飬ֻŸҹʱ򣬲Żһů⡣
¼ҹĺãиˣǼҹάһãǴǰڣʼնǱ˴ůҲۡ
ˣҪˣӢʱϣҹȥүүɣܾˡ
ᣬӢҲǺͷۣҹϳŵʱһΪŶԷһߣǾȻûУСѾͷ˦Ůƣֹҹ֮Ȼûڸеš
ᣬûչеá
ȻһǣںҲǳģ᲻õĹ츳ʮ꣬ѾƼ۷Ϊһ֮󣬾̤ż츳ǱԵҲй֮޲
ܾᴦѹһͷʵ¸֮ĲҲ̫ˣеźСŮʱôûа鵽Լأ
ôһŸϳţӢʵǾеۡ
ǾȥˣҹûзոյĻҩζһӢ΢΢תͷЦЦû˵ٻڱȴǰȷƯˡ
ߣ¿⻰аֺõ˼һŤˡ
СᣬȥүүҹûһǺ͸үүķȥˡ
ֵܶ˿±Ӣһۡ
֣ҹҲ̫˰ɣô˵С¡
ȷǣǿ׼үүỤҲ͡
Ӣҡҡͷüͷ˼ϣҪ춼ֺУҲźôǣ֪𣿡
ӶǵͷȻﻹǲҲҲʲôͷȥҹ鷳ҪŪ˶ǣǵϣԵɲǳصġ
Сӣ겻Ǹø˰֮Ӣҹȥķ
ǰǸСӣ徢ʮ㣬ȻҲ֣ҲܲǸСӣڵҹķâ˲٣¶Ҳ㹻ˣȴ˼ȣֿ͸ĸо
ҹһӲˣΪĻ˭ǲ˵
Ҳܲ˵ԼĺãԼҲʮ㣬Ȳô죬Ҳ쵽˻Ƽ۷ˣ̷ҲЩ츳ɲ֪ôãҹЩطҪǿǡ
ָопģҲΪԵΪԵҹĸϲԲҲҹĴ

һĿſڵ̫ʦϣҹʱֻ۾һӥҪľ⣬΢΢׵üҲ¡
үүҹؽһ
ûб۸Եվʡ
ģ۸ҵĸҹЦ
үүڣίˣԵüҶ˶⼸귢飬֮Ѿ˵˲٣ҹõĴܱ˵øܣίүүܣҪҶ㣬ҲҪ
ңҹһ£̾е˼ȴҡͷˣǸҲңҸûҪЩԺҲ롣
ðɣԵεһԵʲôԣүүȫ֧㣬СǣӱչؼȻͷ죡
ֻ֪Ǳ˭ģҹ̧ͷ
ǡԵ仰ɫҲȻصҺĵһϢǶӶϱѶɥӣһӣԵЩվסĸоǵүүڣ㲻ò֡
үүҹֻǿŶԷ
ѾȥʥִʱһȺֵԵҲԲһһѳְʮʥԱʥʷһѣ㸸ĸΪߣ㸸Ѿﵽ˵ؼ۷壬ɼЩģɱԵĶӺͶϱҳ綼Щ˾
Է˭֪ҹԭΪʥд𰸣֮󣬾Ȼֵ˭֪Ҳ̫˼ˡ


060 ʲô֧
¼عУǾʥϢû֪ȺٿġԵ
ǴξȻһû𣿡ҹʣһıȻûĵؼ۷嶼Ӳ
һԵ۾ĹâƺҲ֪ҹ˵ʲôǸ˽֮ĹϵܺãΨһߣеϢҲǴĿе֪ģĿǰһûв鵽κүүҳﱨ𣡡
Һ͸ҲŹǣ۾һ⡣
˭飡Եɫ
Ҫ֣ǳ֮˴ɱҪСֻãʱң¾Ѿˡҹ˵⻰ƽ˭ʱա
ʲôԵվһϣȶʱԲס꿦궼ѿȻܵɱҵӣСΪʲôû˵
汻ɱԵ⣬ϾʥˣĶǼյ飬ʱһߣǾȻ̾͵ͼҹŹԵŭɶˡ
ΪҲΪġֱӵ˵
Եһ£漴ҡͷǻڡ
˽ԼĶӣӢǬдȣʥԵԼġСӢӢǬһʱԼС̣ƩеĲҵ˭̳ЩӢǬȥǣӢʱʱڼţΪЩҲȥɱҹ
Ȼ飬ӢǬưҹϳŵľٶ˲ҹκμҲ֮⣬»ŲΪ鷳ء
ô˵үүģҪ飬СҹԵô˵Ȼʲô⣬ʲôԸүү˵㰲š
Ǻðɣүү粵ûʲôýģҹֻþЭҾʲôҲһרųԺֵ竴үˡ
ţû뵽ԵȻ޳ɵص˵ͷ쿪ʼ͸⡣
Ҿһȥϴѧɣ޵ʱǴѧҵ֤òҿںǴѧٲҲҹŲӢȥҪ
Ҳȥѧϻ⡣Եŵͷ
үүҹ˵õʲô֧أ
ôˣԵİԵ״̬һΡȡ

үүԵطôؽˣȻҼ磬ȻҲΪӭҹĹȻһԣǾĿžúܶﲻˬ
ӢҲǸ̳ϲŭܺܺõʾ
һҹѣô궼һ˳ģһСӾŵ
ӢСҹѾҪһȥϰ࣬ҲСˣʱȥһˣҵ׻ҪһԵڷϺ֣ص
ҹĬĬᣬҵľ
ͬʱҲӢ۽Գ鴤һ¡λһֱʾԼո仰ɱ̫󣬲Ͱķ߸ˡ
ԡǧҪ԰ھ˫ּ˫ŵ֧㣡
ҹôԼĶ͡
ţҲڿ飬СҹҲСˣȴһûнӴպҪֵĻɾͲˣ׼ʺϴ￪ʼϤһ£Ϊһ׼˭ӢĹֻһĹѾԴˡ
ɣҹŶ徹Ȼ˵ֻԼ̳ҵҵ
Ļ˵NO
ڵҹѾǵǸֻ֪ԺֵɵСˣѾѧ͵͵ȻЦݵʱ򣬲ɫظһѡйҩ
ԴʱҹûгΪ֪Ļû꣬ġ
ʵҪϤ˾ҵһʼʹӹһǳõ飬ҷãøڹ˾ĵײһ£˽⹫˾ĸʱתʱ򣬻֡Ӣû˵ѾЩС˼˵
ţǣӻϰ壬˽⹫˾ˣҲøӻȽϺãҲŸ͡
ǺǣԵҲÿɷֻӢȥӢô
СС뷨ȻҾòʺСҹӢ濼һ£ƹңҲоһһѣҪңӻȻܰСҹҪ˾תѧϰιĻǿҪһܳʱ䣬ǰĹʮֺãҲδؾʤһϸĹߡ
ţʲô뷨Ե۾ʵ
ҵĲҵҲ󣬵ǴǰһǿҵĲҵ˵ûһ˱ϤҾҪһˣǸһɵĿռ䣬Сҹһʼһ쵼ߣһСҵɫķ
ӢŽ˵ĿǰҪҩƷҵչոչһҾӪǺܺõҩƷ˾ҿͰСҹ˵ҲѧϰҽҩרҵϤҵʲˣȵܰҩƷ˾ӪɫˣŸĹʤ
չҩƷ˾ҹҲ׶ʲô˼ˣǲżѾ뵽ôӦεˡ
ҴûҩƷҵҲ˵ҹҪ̯ӽǾǵ¿һµսһҿõԴûС
ѵ⣬λ𾴵Ķųеϵ֮⡣
Сҹôģȥ˾˵ȥӪǸҩƷ˾Եʣôѡүү֧㡣
ҿѡ𣿡ҹʡ
ѡһԵ޵״̬ڣƳǲʲôġ
ҾðɣԼҵҵŸҹ˵Ŷ忴ȥ
ӢôԶˣȻ뵽㣬һûЦǸҩƷ˾Ҳҵҵֻ·㸸һС󣬸ĳɳ
ʵϲҵҹһ˵ҪѧϰѸ״ĲҵסѾˡ
ѵ㲻볢һԼһĸоӢǺǵЦţһĳߡ
밡ҪѶ³ҵҹҲЦҰѸ״µĶغˣԼȥһݶԡ
ӢЩŭˣСҪ
˵ȻΪԵңҪ˵ҴҵеģһĹͶҪ鹦ҹĸӢǬ
ǿһҵ˫ţӢǬֵƺûгֹһҡֹ֣ϵìܣﱻޱͨҲǸʱ߽ڶ˵Ұ˺֮һ


061 ׵
ǸʱӢǬ˲֪ӢеķӦǣӢǬĵܵܣ
ҵҵӢǬҲʥ֮󣬲Ӣӹܵġ
λһֱǴĹâ̫ʢĲŻڸǵ˵ֵܣڴ֮ĲҪһǰǿҡ
ʵϣʱҵҵչûôչ
ӢٲҲòϣȲԼĴ磬һ۾˶ó
һЩӢǬ¹ˣÿ˵ҵʱ򣬶һ䣬ӢǬڵĻҡ
ȲǱȲϣôҲΪŬô꣬ǴЩҵջȥǲԵ˵ڶ仰
ǣһСҪĶҲܴӦСǴҲУ
ӢѾתÿҪһŽʱԵѾڣţСҹ˵ҲѧѧҵҵѣҵҲܲˡ
Ӣ棬⻰ȻڿأҲʵʵر׵˰
ڲЩʱ򣬿ӣүվҹһ߶ʱҪȨĽడ
ʲôǮֹ
һֱӢתеĦðǵĸоˡ
˼ӴĲҵ˼ҵĶҪûȥһ˼үү֧֣òƺܺôĵǸ͵ġ
뵽ıǮȻԵĶӣҹ塭ôҲûһݶɣ
ȫҵģôҲһݡð˶ٵ氡
Ӣ֣׻ǲ
ʱӢͻȻĸоеһжԶȥˡ
ȻʲôûзǽȴѾעˣӢӶЩ
˵úҲеһԼִһݲҵҲһܴ̼顣
ӢԼҪϻȥʱҹȴͻȻ˵һ䡣
¡һըףӢĶߣЩţҹȻؼʱ̷˶ͻȻѵֵĶֶʱطˡ
Ȼ֪᲻ͻȻټӢǾһ
һ̣ɫѿҹ˵ʲôͻȻ뵽ⲻҹڷСڸԼҵĶ״ģҲģ
ҪǶķݶϣҸšʲôʱҲҪˣֻҪһ־ܴû
֮ǰӢһֱҵһеԼģҹҲûиı뷨
٣ҹӦҪ٣٣ǵÿ飬һʩᣬһǿԵϡ
ҹҲӦˣʩ᣿ʩᣬǵÿҹʩ٣
ʵҸǳԣӢĶ
ŭɡԵڣҵһлֲȥײڵĻ
Ӣ˸֪Լ뷨̫ΣˣôȥȻߵ˲ܻͷ·ϡ

磬ҪȥһҩƷ˾üͷʡ
ҹûö̫̼ѡǸźõҩƷ˾ǰҩƷ˾׵תҹ£ҵҵҹ˽
Ȼⷽ飬Ҳ֪󷽣ܸҹһò£ҹǽЩɻˡ
ˣСģͱһʶˣҹһõͷҸղѾڵҹѾǵҹˣҪٸ۸ǣүүڣҲҪޣ
ޣӢҪ˾ˡ
ҩƷ˾ǶƵ𣿡ʡ
֮ǰǣһˡҹش
ỹǺףҲûʣͲЩֻΪڸҹϵŻ᱾ܵȥʡ
Ȼҹһж뵽ˣûʲôõĵˡ
ҩƷ˾Ӣһ壬רΪҹ׼һ塣Ϊҹûʲô̵ľ飬ҲûҩƷҵͻҪһЩɾϼѣ
ǵӢǬҲ˵ҵģԵֻǲ̫óھ̣һҵͻûС
Ӣ۹һ꣬ҹľӪ϶Կ𵹱նգʱͿҹʺϾΪɣҹҵĲҵ˸װ֮󣬻Լҹֵõķݶʱһ͵ˡ
ڲһˣҹҪԼ˽ǰ⹫˾ûˣҲûʲô¶ǶҹԼĶ
ҹĻ˵˾һңٻȥѧϰ
һ䣬ʱͰӢԭ뷴Թ˾Ϊҹ˽Ļû˵ҹھѼҲָһ¡
үӵӣǿ൱ģȻһָҹÿ϶ҪռͷǾԵĴͷ
Ӣúףүһ죬ּҲǾԲֻϣϵүӲڵʱ򣬵ʱҹǵĳСһˡ
ô죿ᲢһûˣǵҹڵʱƺֻһԷӰӣһжҹ
ţмƻģҹʮ˵Ѿһʮ滮һҪгߣھȥ
ȥĶ飿ЩҲһͨ
ȻǷ԰ҹȻ˵
԰ʯг𣿡ɻʡ
ҹͷţͲˣдͨ
᣺
ͨǲҩƷʯԶ׶㲻ϰɣ
û׷Щ˵ˣ͸һȥҩƷ˾ҹںȫԵڡ
˳ţ˿ӢרŸҹ˾ӱڡ
үҪȥĶ˾ʡ
ҹ˶ԷһۣҲһߣлƼ۷Ϊ԰ʯг
˾ûж˵̷һ·гȥ
˵ص֮ҹԸ˾ţԼһгй䡣
ʶ𣿡ҹǰûпˣԿᡣ
΢΢һ㶣漴̫ϤӦǰҵģ⣿
⵹ûпֻǸое죬ҹҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôоˣǶעһӦҲǶǵġ
Ҫүү˵𣿡ʡ
ҹҡҡͷˣڵֶǶģˡԣ壬ֻϧǹһֱǵġ
үү˵ĻӦģ̧ͷȥҹүүܾҪ̫ˡ
ˣʲôģǻ治õģҲ֣ôһŮڣҪ𣿡ҹЦ˵
ȴƽӣֻԱʱô䣺磬ʵΪʲôүү˵أ
ҹҿ˿ȴҡͷˣҵʵ̫үүڿ϶Ҫרĵ鸸׵飬ҲΪҵģԼͿԸ㶨ˣףҺ񿴵öˣߣȥ


062 ô
νĴͨʲôģȻֻһЦҹĿģ뿴ʯеĵط᲻ܰʯ
֮صʯҲƺ˿˿ҹȴûʲôȤΪЩʯ̫ˣͱԶôһӡ
ֻĻԵû㡣
ڸոգҹʶͻȻֱһΧЩ΢ϢһֱǺȺһ˲ҹ
˳ҹĸӦ˾ֱŷ԰ȥⷬ԰Ҳ򣬴󲿷ֶǳƷʯһǹĵ棬ҹߣȴһƬԭʯҲνĶʯˡ
ںʯ˲࣬Ǯ񫣬һġϲʯЩߣȥ뺣ǲԶ쾩Ķʯ࣬ԭϴûбɸѡ׶С
߶ĶʯҲΧˣЩǿֵģЩԺûɫеľһʱո֣ǧ飬ֻƱײײ
ʮҶʯ꣬涼Сÿ涼Ÿɫԭʯ֮⣬۵λðϼΪϵĻ
ҹֱ߽һңɨһȦְڰַϰ塰ϵһʯͷϡ
ϰ壬ʯͷ𣿡ҹʡ
Ȼϰһˣʱй˿͹٣ǿ˾ǵ֮ҪҪһڼʮ顣
ʮô󣿡ҹղſ˼ٿһСģҲʯе۸Ҳ̫ˡ
ǹ󣬲ǴʦרҿĶǳпܳƷİ㿴ٿԭʯҲУҪҪĻǵĻʾͲˡϰЩΪ˵
ðɣҹͷٱ˵ҾҪ
ϰûԸͷΪ˵ðɵ˼͸ء
û˰ϰ㿴һ춼ˣҪ㣬οأʵԭʯǼƷҽļ۸͸ߣ˶ʶ˵ҿ޶ûضȥ
ҽضޣܸұ˵𣿡ҹʡ
ϰˣСֵܲİҪ㿴Ա߶ǿ飿ǿСǱ۸һֻҪˡ
𰡣ǿҿϣҪȥˡҹε
ʮϰôȥ㣿
ҹ£ϰ治мĸȥ˶С
ϰ棬ۺҲôİ
ҹ˸˶Էǧ˰ٰˡ
Ǯôԣˢ˵ʱҹԺ˵
ϰƵسһۣղǧŰٰˣԸ⣬ǹԵģٵú԰
ǸСϰ壬ܲæϰһת˵
ܣҹͷ˵Ұﲻ
ǽϰٴ²һ£ˣҲ˵ʲôϾҹͬ⣬Ҳ˼Ҳͬʸ
ԭʯǻ˴Ǯģпܴǵһ飬Сϰ岻Ļֳܾܲ⿪ˣҲøϰ˵ָ˵ľ棬㿴Ϊ̫Уԭʯ۸񶼸ˣ궼ţôȥҿɾͰѹײıȥˣҿɾָԭʯܸء
ܳ䣿ҹʡ
пܣϰƴͷ
ԼΪʲôʯͷ⿪ҹʡ
ϰֻܿЦˣҪԼ⿪Ҫ˿ɾһǮûˣϰҲǸˣ̾ת˻⣬Сϰ㿴ŮƯһǺøﲻʯͷ⿪λŮҲŸһ£
á
ϰҧͷڨڨЦЦǺǣôƯøһҲð
ˣͿɣô˵ûķݶϡҹǲ⿪ģϾһʯҪĵشȥá
˶ӣҲʶʯˣǵǻ鷳ˡ
˿Ưҹһ£ȻȷƯԸȫµ˶Ů
ϣлСϰ尡ϰһ̾кƣʯʦ
ʯڵĴſڣʯʦиСһȥ
ˣ
̣
ҿȥǲ֣찡ֵǮ
˽ʯȻ˲ΧۣҲǵϰϲʯԭ򣬲ôˡ
ڶʯһ仰һһΪֳʯʵ̫̼ˡһȥ˼ҲᣬҲܼ޴ϣԭʯֻһʯת֮˱⵰
ϰ塭ʯʦһȥ֮󣬾ͣҹ
ôˣҹʣҾʹ˰
ϰָˣֵܻǸ֣ʲôز
ʯһ̣еļþգ˳۵Ļת־ˡʱȻ⵶ڼ̣ǲõڶȥʲôӣֻһƤٽȥͿܿҲ˵ȫֵǮˣǳȥǿǾܱյġ
βͣѾ˿ʼмˡ
Сֵܣҳʮ
ûеҹش𣬾Ѿ˿ˡ
ƢĴ̣ٿǾӨ͸ˮͷҪǳ¾ֻСָͷǶôҲҪüʮȥ
ڳ̵һƬ˵һָͷǶ˵ܳһȭͷôĲֵ̣ҪĻǿɾͲǼܴסɫҲǧ򵱻ϼӣǸۡ
ʮ԰˰ɣ
ҳһ򣡡
һʮ򣡡
ҹﶼûп˵м۾Ѿϡ
˭˵ʯ٣ΪûûɫڵķӦҲ֪ʵҲвٵĸүû¶طתתġ
λ۶ʮˣֻһȵİߣǺٸģĸ۲ƣȻҲⶫ
ҳ򣡡ʱһԽڶֱӰѼ۸˽Ա߶˶΢΢üûȥˡ
˿ȥҲΪߵҹĸǰҪܽ϶Ǽֵǣһȥջͦļ۸񣬲ˡ
ȷǲˡʯϰ嶼һꡣ
ǲͣҹҲϣû
ǿȥܺҲһ£ʵҲҹû˵ҪȥһȫеˣֻǸʯʦ˵һ֮ϰԵҹ
㲻һ£ʣҪֻһƤĻûˡ
ǣҹһӣǮôԣ


063 
Ȼҹѻ˵̶ֳȣҲûа취ֻ㬵˻ȥ׼ܳһĴ䡣
Ȼ˼ҲԭʯȻҪȥʯʦСĵػ˼ߣ°ʯŪˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
˵ĿⶼǿԭʯϣҪ򶼲ĸ߼ʯܿʲô
ʯʦһѵ綯ﱣų̵ıؿʼΪףҪһСİ⿪ĵ̸ŪˣǿɾͲҴˡ
֮󣬰ʯͷ۳һʯʦҲˡ
Ķôе̣ľһƤ澹Ȼְֻף̶ˡ

ҿոûְ
ոճ۵˶ǰңʱԼҪܳɽˣǿĿɾͲСˡ
ҵͬʱЩҲеֻ
ɪ򶼻ǮԣҪ۵ģ
ǷˣӦòʲôö
ոճǸ˵ûҵı飬෴̾Ȼûг΢΢һЩʧϣܳһĻᡣ
˶ѾʧȥȤʯʦȴҴ⣬ʯеʲôᷢ˵һﻹܲŶء
ȻһһţҲûдǰôСˡ
ֳˣ
ɣ
ҪһʱͿϧ»һϣ
˵ǸղǸˣѾۼ⿴ǿϿɲԭȵ͸̣дǵİ׻һȫ͸СʣһǿϣͲʲôˡ
ʯǽʯʦȴͻȻȵúϲ£죺ǡ
ֳˣ
ôô
Χ۵ˣҲѾˣǿԭʯǵһ
ȷֳˣڽӽƤĵطȻǿʵķһģһ鴿˺񿴵ɫĺһĲֵ̡
̸ǿһ˵һǶǿ
¾Ѿ÷Ըˣʯʦ֣ӴʵķǱ߶ϡеĵ̸гС˲塣
ǵûأҹѾȥҪһҵı
ʯʦŵһ£û֣ã̧ͷҹϰ壬ⲻǴ߶ѵ̸ɻһأ
Ա߶ʱѾ̸ֵˣʱ˵ĶԻҲһ⡣
ҹɺãһӣԼˡ
Ȼ˼ҷҪԼʯʦҲûа취ֻðλóΪҹһмء
ôãҹʵ
ȥΧ۵˶һͷߣ»бⲻ׶ǿǲֵ̣ôʯã͸Զȥ̣
Һһ뵽ҹ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ǯôԡ
ǮûǮ֪һǡǺԣ
λֵܣոǸֿˣĻҳһǧ򡣡
ҲȱǮҹ˶Էһۣ˵ӡ󻹲Ǯ˵ͦġ
һǧôʵȻһϿҵ˵ʵǼүӿˣҶûҵʲôʵĶͣүӾռЩƷ䣬Ҳתתû뵽ʵڲеĻٸӵ۸Ҳܹˡ
ʱѾܿǶڷǲ֣ܹСô󣬳һǧ㲻ϸߣǻҲһȽϿ׵ļ۸ˡ
ȵȣ£ҹתͷᣬСϲ𣿡
ῴһۣҲû˵ֱҡҡͷ
ˣһ㣡ҹûҪ˼ҲûȤҪʲô˭ԼҲǿʯͷ
ǾǶлˡ˺ܸˣΪҹٹ̧ۣû뵽ô׾̸ˣ²صҹѵ
ʯҲʲô߿ƼҹַӾ͸㶨ˣڽʯʦ֡ĲĿУҹ󷽷һȥ
ϸȥ
ʲô㰡
ոһҹǼƣҾѾоЩˣһﻹû˷ӦѾŵǱ߶һȥ׵ĵ̣ӱǶڷһ֣ôǰֿˡ
ոճǸ˸ɵˣָǿ鱻еǶڷĵ̣⡭⡭⡭
ҪĿ̣أԭмСĵ̣ҡһ䣬е
һǼֵɾʹۿˣǶһ飬ҹȻǲŪˣֱǱﰡ
ϧĲǮ⣬ôһúõĵ̣ͱҹ̣ˡ
ҹǿ鱻ԼúķϣСĵذװԼĿڴȻʣµǿϣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
˵ڻûзҹôһʣֱǿЦˣ˵һǧǿģ⡭
û˵Ҫһǧ򣬿͸ףٵķݶϣøˡҹҲ󷽣˳ֱۣһɱۡ
ʵҪԭΪǿνȻʮֳ㣬ͨ˿һſŰѵ̵ļֵŪû˵ġ׻ǿɶǧ
ʶֻǿӦǿȲֻͬõϵʱᵽʲô
ԵǸʯʦҪеıһϸĥʱͬ⣿ǶɶǱһ̶ҪֵǮһٱ
ʣǿ䣬˵ֻͨĶǿʯͷ˵п޵ģ͸ԷǽԵˡ
ҪҪ
ҳ塭
ҿ͹ġ
Χ۵Ҫ˵ոʧۣ˵黹ռ֮Ҫ˵Ǿǳֵˣһת֣׬˫ֹ
ҹûЩˣֻǰĿתǸˡ
һ£Ҳҹ˼ĳֻһ˵ĿǱ˳һҲ֡
˲Ҳҹ˺øУոն̵ĿϧҲѹȥҹЦЦҾͲˣ
ҹ˵ŰǿԷһʯͷû
˻æסɸһȻֻʣһȻǿѵõĺ񣬵һ£ǿԵģҪǸˤˡ
ץﶼоûţոһҲգ۾ⶫɾûȥˡ
СǵĿŸп򵽿ϡҹٴչ׵һ档
ô˻ʶĸ壬Ȼתͷ˶Ҳ޶ûضȥ


064 һ
˵û⣬ҹֺˬˣӹţתйһˣԸϴ漴ִӿڴͳһƬҽȳֵ֪߾ͣ˵ԺмĻᡣ
ҹӹƬҲûпװ˿ڴǡ
˵־ѾǶתͷῴȥʲô˾ţ
ڳɡ
ŶڳҽҩĶ³ҹϣΪмĻᡣҹҲòص˵ͷҵƬûӡӡһš
Χ۵˶ʱһͷߣǶ³
ҪǸС˾Ķ³ܾʲôҲˣϾȫţʱӵĶ˵ԼĳĳCEO꣬Լ˾ֶǵô£
ȳҲû⣬ֻҹôһЦˣ΢΢תͷһֻѾת˳ɹˣֵܣһˡ
òˣǻŻؼҳԷءҹ˵ž͸Էˡ
ֵһи⣬Ϊʲô㿴ǿϵӣȳΧ˿֣ѾɢˣЩȤʵ
ûע⣬ǿҹǺСĵذǿϸˣһתͷְǿӸԼˣǰһһ
֪ҹСʡ
ܸ˵𣿡ȳȻǸȤǿ鶫а
ܡҹܼ򵥵˵֡
ȳһ£ܿͻһЦҹ뿪ĿҲﵽˣȻҹ䡣
ʲôر𣿡ȳߺῴ˿Է뿪ķʵ
ҹǺЦЦҲǸߣǸڸǿģ˿ȥǿʯͷûã͸ˡ
ףһڵģӵܶûɼҲǲ򵥣˿϶ں򣬵Ǳһ䣬ԵûǺܻġ
Ҳҹ˳ۣҸպϲµ£ȻҲͲһˡ
ӷ԰תһȦȻҲûջˣܵõôһʯоĪСһ׹Ҫö࣬Ѿˡ
ҲĵطȥֱӾͻҡ

Ӣڰ칫ҵϰϣתһӽǣҹ춼ȥʲôط
˵һȥ˷԰һ֮ڷ԰תһȦطûȥˡ̻ش
Ǻǣʯҹ泤ˣӢЦЦ
ɥ־ʯֶ񫣬⵱ȻӢϲּġ
лĻలȥԽԽáӢŷԸ
Ҳ̾׸׵˼еԥүүǱ߶
ӢҡҡͷүүǱ߲õģƫ̻ҹҲѼҵһֻԺֵˣʱҪһЩ̫ҪҹԼȥҪԼҪǳԽȥǿɾ͸ûйϵˡ
ˣףҲǵͷ
̫ˣԵһ۾ܿЩڹ̻ҹĿȻԶ׼ҹԼȥĻǿɾһ־ˡ
ҹǸڳҽҩҲҪʱעһЩĸʲôӢ
һ£ǾһռӣҹŪ
ӢʵҲ̫ŵģǽصСĶžˡ
ӢǬϾҲȲϣҹжı£ȴûչ¶ɵŴʮ֮һ׵츳Ҳпܰǹ˾Ū

ҹ˻صңûмԵүӽڼţʱڹҲȥӢǬͳȥˡ
ҹҲԹۣԵ˵ڵ»ǲ岻֡
ؼ۷ĸ׶ǶԷĶ֣οء
ҹ֪Ҫľҹ֮̾Լķ￪ʼ
սʹ˵Ѿʲôˣžһ񾭵ľÿ춼ҪΣӦ֮󣬾͸ոն֮ļʹˡ
εҹǿʯһ̾ʪ壬ָоղܡ
û˿ԥ̾ٴתսʼʯ
䡭
Сʱ֮ҹںͻȻըһĸо֮УԼľ·ʧˣȫ滻⵱Ȼֻһָоǽһ̱͸ѪܶɼҲһƹµĲֺ䣬ȴۿġ
ͻˣ
ҹȵؿԼ壬΢΢һȭըԵ˲ۣʱܸоԼǰһҲֹ
ʱټԼΪʱȻѾ붦ڣͻˣ
ǵõʱеʱѾо붦ڸԷʵֻôһ㣬ʱĪСǿʯֻ֮һͻƣٵһʯûôվѾͻˡ
ڵ˵϶ʤʱˣ԰Ϊ˵ھǱ׼ˡ
ҹõʯʱظˣû뵽ЧȻõ̶ֳȡ
´ӴһԾ£ת͵˸ڵǰ
ķǰŵģֺϢȻҪҲԼһ¡
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̹ǵĺŷӳ
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ãҹҲ룬һϡ
ʵصʵľŶʱҹһ֮£ѳɼ飬ɼ˲Ѿ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ľһ飬溮һ¾ֱ˳Ǹоվһ޴ſڡ
СᣡҹûЩֱĴȥ
ʱᣬ˫ڴϣӣȫһ㱡һ̹ǵĺԴ塣
⡭
ҹһʱ֪Ҫôźá
ǰСÿҲᷢһΣǴûôţҵʱи׺үүȻЧǶô룬ǺôҲܻʹࡣ
ڣүүѾڣȴһûС
ڵҹޱʹԼΪʲôһȱѵֻܿСᱻ
ҹû̫࣬̾˫۰Сᱧס
ҲɢҲȵģӦҲɢǱȲܱʲôҲҪǿɣ
ʱһ֪ҲûУֻҹšֻǲϵı˲Ѿڻ
ҹ˿Ҳȵظоϵĺһسȥ
ɲǼ䣬ҹѪҺͺҪסһ
ôҹҴ⣬ôȥɾҪһˡ
սʱתͼȥķʽЩ
ףһת֮£ҹ̾ˡ


065 Ϊ
ɢĺȻ׾ˣҾͬһ֮д޴ʹոյıǲһģֻ˵û˺ܰ
ǰʱʹԴҪǽ⣬ȻҲ漰һ֣ȴġ
һоʹѾûˣȫʧĥҪĹ
ȻĥƺǸҹȴϲôһϵĺҲôˡ
ϵ֮£ܸоԷ¶ҲֱƵغһſ۾
һ۾ǿҹ˫۱˵̬Щû˿ȣҹš
Ź˼֮ҹҲ۾΢΢һ
ô£ôôҹջֱۣЩؿᡣ
һαһ˵ͷ
һεʱôȹģҹʵ
ҹҲ֪⺮һΣǰʱҲǸ׺үүڼңӣ²ȥ
Ҳ뵽ϴȹʱԲ̫ˡ
ζҪһЩᵭ˵
ҹɫˣΣ
ڵĺһ귢һΡȻ֤ʵԼĲ롣
£ҹͷأ
ţͷͻȻֵһҵΪ
ôˣҹæʵ
ǰÿһ֮ҵΪдһΡбɫҲùŹ
ҹʶɨȥ̾ͷΪǿȥָոͻӣҹȴ֪ͻѾʱˣҲ˵ڸոһκ֮Ϊûǰһ½ˣ
һоԼΪȻҲ붦ڣǷͱȸոͻƵʱֳһص
ǡ
ҡΪˣҹҲޱ𾪵˵
ɣҹ˵ʵʱͻȻǸزлԼ˵Ļ˵ٻ߷ݴУ߸˵ĹͬһֻҪһһһΪͻת޵ߵϡ
ѵСҲһ֮һ
뷨ֻһ̾ͱҹˡȻãǱ֮õĹϵһѵʱһΪضȹõ˴У᲻Լ˵ġ
ߣǸزл˵˶Էҹ⣬϶ϵĺôºͣӦǰѶԷ˶ˣǰѶԷһ궼ˣֻǵһΪ
磬ûµģῴҹΪܣæȰұһͨˣûΪֻҪ绹ھͺá
ڣҹعֻҪڣʲôʱڣ
ϵĺʲôӰɣᷴЩҹҪ֪ǺɲʲôöÿζĥϾҪĸо
ᣬǲȱеյĺγת˴ҹ˵
ǰѺյ˵Ϊһ֣ǻ߻ЩڣҲãǺҲãǱͺʳһԵ˵ǺѾ׶ˣʲôɡ
֣һʲôУǲҪүү˵һأҲЩ֡
үүҲ֪ҹҡҡͷ
үүҲ֪ˡ
ʲôʱ˵֮껹ܴģҹʵǸҴеͷܣҾѾǹܽ͵ķΧˣ˵ЩߵĴڣүү֪Ҳ̫
ô˵ҹǺ¶ĺһοסˣԼΪҲһԽļҹɴŶһֱƴſǿʯ
֮ʯڱչˣٰǿʯͷһҹˡ
ĪСǸ׹ı仯һԭΪᾧ𻵵ˣ֡׻ҹȫյʯøȳõһһģҪĲֵ̡
ҹȳǿ飬ҹķ֮һ󣬾򶼸Ͳ࣬һĻǵֵǮ
ῴʯʱ򣬾ƽҲ¶˾ȵر飬˵һ䣺ҪĻǲǹǳԼˣ
ҹǰϲԵĲˣǴʱȴ˵¾ǳռԲ꣡
Ҫ˭أʡ
Ҹаɣ߶ãôҲõ쾩ȥҹǿһ£֮үү˵ҩƷ˾룬Ӧòᰤɣ
Ӧòᡣش
ǾͺãǵҩƷ˾ĿǰѾӮˡšôҲڰɣһ򣬡ҹΪһոսֵҩƷ˾˵ʮ֮һڶĴ棬ӦϺܲ˰ɣ
š
ѪĶԻڵ˽ҹһӣߣȥ԰ǵҩƷ˾껹᲻жˡ
ոҪţӭ죬ҹ֮󣬺ظк磬ȥĶ
̸⡣ҹ˵
ŶôѾ˰ǲ˵ҪʶˣܶԴǸҽҩ˾аҪҪһ£æʡ
ҹû⣬Ȼúܣ춼ûгţԴӽǸνڳҽҩ֮Ǳ߶ĴŶûнĶ⣿
ˣЩСආʲôҪҪ⣬ˣһɾûˡҹҲ໰תͷˡ
ڵ⣿쿴ҹıӰЩЦЦǺǣǻΰ
ýźҲ֪ҹȥ˷԰ʯȥˡ
Ƕȷ񫣬οѾ˵ˣҹϴ׬
ͷ֮ȻǮϷϣģʡʲôֶˡ
βµõȷǲҹȥ˷԰ֻһΣûϴôˣתһ죬ҲûʲôĶϴλòϵġ
ҹ׼Ҫʧصʱֻȴ
ֻǵĪС͵ģܹ֮ʹ绰ڸǻǸ衣
һҹһ£绰Ůˡ
ҹ˺ôҲ绰ңõﻹģУ㾹ȻǺҵĴүҲûиҡ
ȫһ䣬ǸӣõȴǿȥԼһ
֮ǰ֪һ绰ҳԷǻǮ˷ѵ绰ѡʥ֮⣬Ҳȷûʲôõ˵ġ
м¸йأõ⡣


066 ʥ깫
ҹͻȻһˣҲм£ǰʥǳѣ漰˶عԱһ棬ȴ֪Ĺˣǲס
õƺû뵽ҹͻȻ˵⣬绰ʱҹĺòƽ
ûа취õƺŬԼ
еģҹ˵
θ绰ҲһϢҪ㣬ֳĬһ£õڻָ٣Ҳһɫħһİ
һҹҲˣаŹô𣿶ôԼߵһԼŻǼ죬ͳôһɫħ
õѾĻµһҪɵĿˡ
һѾˣҹͰϢõ˵
ҪײСõֳһҲʥעˡ
ײУҹҲһ£ǸѾ̬ˣȥŮûһģֱһ³ֵļһȻ˸ӱ̬˼Ů
ˡõҲ΢΢Щ
ҹʱ뵽һЩ˶ĵĻ棬˸
˵໰õƺ⡣
˵ɣǸı̬ҹʵ
õ̾ͷˣжϣ˸һһħŹĹߣӦǸŮˡ
ôжϵģҹʡ
õ΢΢һ£ݷҽĽЩǰǸոսйΪ
ҹ̾ô£Ϊǰ֮һʱ뵽ܺŮʵϣа񹦷ģһˣԷŮ˵ĻһҲ
˵ĸײָȻõ֪Ѿˡ
Щˣһ߸ʬȫûһѪҺǱ˳һõ˵ʱҲһ˿Ĳ
ⲻǺ£һѹֵķŭ
ҹõּ𣬷ǳѪŮƫƫȴԼԸٰӣʱʱͻо̵úָо
᲻ỹһֿأ˵ЩѪǲģҹüë
Ѫȷڣͨҵңʥʵ綥˵ĴڣҪȻҲᱻôҵعͷۡõ˵ϣҲûκε˿ڣϴİ֮Ѿֻ֣Ҫʵİӣһʱ䶼·ϱֻҲû뵽һյľȻںǣոջصǣֱŮˣǳġ
ңҹ΢΢һ۾˵Ҳйϵ
ţͬĹǱӦøһβ͵˺ǣֻ˵⼸һֱûгûֵĻᣬԲŻﶯ֣ڴע⡣õ״֣̾˵˼ɺƲ⡣
ҵע⣿ҹһ¾ˡ
ʱһûйϵɫħȴһֱڳΪԷİʯҲģԶԷ϶ΪһԱ˳ŵģµļһɡ
ҪȻ˷ɲѡ񺣳ǣȻ׶쾩ܽﷸ£ַӶʥעҪĻӦһԶ쾩ĵطҲôԣ˭ֻΪһͨɶɶİӣƾı£Ͳҵôһˡ
Ǽƻʥע֮ǰԼȻѸԶߵġû뵽ǣ⼸ҹһֱҲȫȫⶼǿոյõʯͲһҲ֪Ϣ
ʥȻѾע⵽ˣôһɫӦҲСɣҹʡ
Ҫôһҡڵܵ쾩ϹһȦٴҡڵˣʥ涼ûˡ
ʥӦǳ鲻õȴ˵һ˵ĵ״ԴǰʥܵĴ˾һֱûлָȻԾ綥˵ʵѾǰǿˡ
ôأҹҲ𾪡
ҸʮˣȻÿ˶μ⣬ȴǵʥʵǿһ֡õȻҲ֪һЩ
˵ˣô죬˵ʥ겻ˣҹЩҵ˼γӡ
ǲܣڲܣõʥ귢ͣϣĹߣЭʥЩаĹߣҵһʱ뵽㡣
ңȻôȥ飬ҸﻹҪȥ֣ҹƲƲ죬æúء
æʲôʯõ޳ҹľٶҲһˡ
ҹҲ⣬ЩϵĻȻǣȻˣ˶ʯҪԷ˯򶹶
˵ʥ귢ԶһҩõĻһ£ҲԶһʯ
ʵ⼸ʵеûţҵأ绰̫ʱˣӲתۣҹһ˵š
͡
ԷڱЦˣ֪һʯ͸ɫһأҪҪһ𣬶ҽҲҪһ롣
ƾʲôڱĿԴ󷽣ʯС
ʥѾʶȥǰ취ֻƽҲû̫⣬ڻĵаҲʶʥ˼ǣѾʼˣʥ겻ҪһԵͣҪ齨һʥ깫ᣬĹ߼룬ЩȫɣʥԼǿͨʥ깫ʥ귢񣬡õĴһţΪʲô˶Լʥ깫Щ˶Ҫֵɸѡ߽ܣòһĻҿұˣҽ룬ûŶ
մŮλ˵ʱѾûԭı䣬Ƕ˼ıɫᡣ
Ǻǣʵ˵ǣһǾɲŮò֮ϡҹԼĿڲţʺһĴʶҪ˵һ顣
ͬˣõҲûעһռĿͷˣŵ٩˵
ȻͬⰡҹŲһ㣬һʯȫҡ
Ҫʲôõû
㲻ϲɫץɫǹ㣡ҹʮִ󷽡
õ

õĽܣټҹԵӣʥӢӢǬĶӣһɹߵĹȻ⡣
ֻЩ֮һʱ䣬ҹתƣҪǸͼ鷳˸ȴʼûջ
еɣõǲǲ´ˣǸ˸Ͳǳģһʱɱ֮̾ˡ
ҪȻᶼԼһרȥƧĵطͲдɱҰ
Ϊʲôûأ
ףҹƼ䣬ͻȻ۾ʯ


067 Բס˴Ů
ҹһ춼й䣬רŵпɵŮɱȴһջҲûС
Ҳĵ˼ʱ򣬾ͻÿʱ䣬԰תһת
һΪҿûʯٳ֣һҲΪԼΪЩɱ֡
һΪ˿ǵֵزһʲôľ񰡣ҹߵ
һʶһɨȥŸϢʶ֮ͻ֮ѾܴﵽһķΧҶķֱҲ׼ȷ
ƩǰֱֻܷһߣǾΪȴֱ治һ۾ܿ˵Ϊⶼʶ֮ǿĽ
ҹû뵽ǣʶ֮һɨ֮£̾ͷһľϲڷ԰һɢİ̯ȻʯϢ
ŮɫһԣǱ̬ɫŵŮһ˳ζ׷ȥˡ
û뵽ǣǸС̯ѾΧ˲ˣѵ˸һҲһʯ
ҹû룬æܹȥȣɾͿˡ
ߵǰʱŷʵ˶Χۣǰ̯һͷվ̯ǰһһŮ
еһͲͨͲ൱ưǸƽͺܵɪĸ
˸첲Ǹ޵Ůӣظ˵ϣȥ罺ӡ
ø磬˼Ҿϲǿʯͷ˼Ů˷ǵҡˣƴڶԷ첲ϲȥ
ҹһƤ񣬲ȴã˰Ůĳһѣúúã򣬲һʯͷôʾһ°
ø滵޵Ůһ߶Ц˵Էһ߶ſڶԷĶߣ˼ҿѧ˼һȥúá
Ǻǣһصͷ
ΧˣҹĹϵˣһһø磬˻ôᣬҪɶ
ҹûȥˣĿǿӦʯϣʵϣСֻ̯һСëĺ첼첼ֻһʯͷ
Ŷʵһ쵰䣬һһ䣬ĳЩطɫǺģֻмʵ̫࣬˵ͨ͸ˣעĻֱһͿϵĲʵ
ⶫƷﵱԣڷ԰ЦģΪһͲֵǮ
ǲ֪ôģǸ޵ŮӻͿˣҪλٸɡ
ͷ۰ɣǸٿʵ
ҹõһҲûа취ֻÿ˵
Ǻǣ򰡣ҲҪ˵Щͣʱ̧ͷһ񵶿һ㣬۾ʮֻͨǣ˵ָͷ
ʮٺǺЦЦӸˣ٣ĵˡ
һȴҡͷҲ
ǧٲмɨͷһۣݣʯͷĶˣ֪ǮҪ룬ǧǼұϲķݶϣӾ͵һԩͷ
һӵˣ̾ʹͳһѺƱǧݸˡ
ҹ뿪ڣҪǧ鱻ˣǵÿ޵
˭ϾͿҡҡͷǧҲ
ݣָͷʲô˼Щջ𣬡Ѳôһʯͷ򣿡
Ҳȴְ۾ȥһ㰮ӣϴģҪʵڹȥˣҲóҾͿⶫܹ°뱲ӣŴոײıˡ
˼ʮ򣿡ٱĵĿͷһۡ
˵ǸˣԱ߶Χ۵˶ͷе̰ˣ⸻ҲǸǮˣ˵Ҳܴպˡ
Ҳ˵ʯͷֵǲ˼ǮΪ˲õһôҧŶʮĻ϶ɡ
һǮͷ̧̧ͷƽ˵һ仰
ԡ
ۡ
ΧһƬ̾ҷ׷ٰĿ䵽ǿʯͷϣԼոտ©ʲôһϡıˡ
Ͽ¿ҿôģŸͷҲʲôֵǮĵط
񲻼٣ҪɫûɫҪˮûˮҪʵأѽۻǱˣʡΣ
ôһ˳ǧǶԸ͵ȥſ˳ֻþ
ڻؼǵãǰһ鳬ֵ̣ű˶ˣ˼ǿʲôȥһѡ
ٵͷһ飬ϸȥôһٿĻôµĸо
ø磬Ůӿ̶ֳֵȣҲʵǲÿҪҲҪⶫˣȥӺò
ʯͷҲɵ򻹲ֱӴءֻһʱǸøɲͷж
Ǽұԣ⻰ڶԷһѣתͷɫȴЩƣ򣬲ⶫҽҲҪˣͷǧ飬û㣬ҪǸҲĻ̾
ͷȻǺˣæͰǿʯͷȻҲӵվ
ҶΪǺˣ׼ǧأﰵЦͷˣˣôĻ˵
ͷվ§ʯͷˡ
ҿͷȥĶپ˭뵽ͷҪˣ͸ˡ
ͷãȻػӦ
Χ˶һƬЦͷһ˼ˣʱˣȻŲ
ҹΧĺЦʱеûӣɫҲЩǺ졣
ͷͷҲûأѾԶˣ

Χ۵˶Цˣû뵽ϵĶӣؿ˸ֳġ
룬סǱϷŪˣͷǹ˵ģⶫҲҲ
Χ۵Ҳһ£Ҫ˵֮ǰǾ仰еԵ䣬͵ڴһҪʼҪˡ
ͷе飬Ҳôˣġ⣬Ҳа˾ǿ㲻˳ۣͲ㣬Ҳûޣ־Ĳˡ
˵룬һǸپǸˣôڷ԰ˣģǿҲҲһʱҲû˸ҳ¶
˵СӣǮ̸£ⲻڣҲǿǿͷһҲû취ֻûͷٽˣҲ濴ˣαظһͷӶأ
ʲôСӣȫҶСӣٱͷ⣬û뵽ͷһ仰ˡ
Ǹոյõ˼ļ̳ȨϡүĳƺأﰵͷҲ˵
СӣͷˣŷӦæǸԲס˴Ůͷʹ


068 ûԵ

Ӹǰ˶ЦһƬ
ҪٴηͿһЦǺǵصǰʣλүҲ˼ˣġ
˭ȻƺˣŤͷһҹʱü
Ǻǣ˭ҪҾҪҪǿ񣿡ҹҲһҪĻҿɾҪˡ
㡭Ҫٲûͷҧ򣿡
ҹͷȻ˼˵һֲ٣ҾҪɡ
жɣΧѾɻˣ˾ʵֵǮģְҵƭӾʹõֶΡ
е죬ˣЩ˻Ƕҹӡģ쿪̵ֵľһˣҲļ۸񣬵潻ףôж
ǺǣɵӰҪĻҾͰˣŲţŲţһٸš
ҹҡͷˣɲΪԵġ
һЦҲǰ˼һ񣬱ˣⲻǴģ̫
ãҾͿôʯͷҲǱˡ
Ǿ͸ûϵˣҹתͷͷǱ߶˼ңǲǣߣ߶ġ
ҹ˵䣬ѾͷȥĶת˵ˡ
ҳһʮ򣬡ٿΧָָĿ⣬ڴбոյϴү˿𣬡ͷǿʯͷҪˡ
ҹһ£Ҳûޣʵ¶̧ۣԭΪû򣬵˭뵽һĸ
ʵõǣҹͷһ߶Ҳ򣬴ҶĵذˡɸղҪĻǼһҪǧˡ
ɣһľ棬Ƿʡġ
ҹͷͷȴתͷǸ٣
ٱѾ׼ӭͷͽЦˣһ仰˻
Ӷʮ㲻ٺ޲ɱ
ͷֿ˶ԷһۣҾáûԵ
ûԵôģģ
Ȼʵ⻹һ棬ң㲻˳ۣ
ͨˣǰЦͷǡһиԵͷ
㡭Ǹٵˡ
˵Ǯ࣬˼žߴһ˦˲ϡ
ôҪһ¸Ҳô
ۿˣٵҲûĵ쭣ҧҧã¶Ҽǵˣǻͷ㣡
˵ŮͱһʧˣǾ仰Ҳû˭⡣
˼ң㿨ŸңҸطת˸㣬Ȼ顭ʯɾҵˡҹЦЦ˵
ɣͷӿҲǸŵùˣ˵ôתǾôתͷҲûٽ飬¾͸ҹȥתˡ
һߣʣµ˶Ǵ۵СۡҲû˵ҹжͷƭ֮ģΪͷβûбʲô¶Ҫƭӣ϶ƭһԩͷС
ǵĻҲ٣ҹʲôˣͷǿʯͷʲôĵطȻֵ򣿻ǸԱĸ٣˭ҵĵùӡ

ת֮ҹЦЦ˼ңסĶȥɣ
ˣԼߡͷæƴǣȥæɣùҡ
һɣһƬȽҡҹǼ֣ʶѾָղǸûߣΧǡ
Լû¶ͷҪ䵽ԷٲֵóԵͷ
ǳɣҪû¶ĻԵͷӼȥ˱˵ߣ֪Ѿ뿪԰һξ롣
룡ڳָ΢΢һ£ˣרϴҿǽ󻹸Ҳҵˡ
ǣ٣˵ž³·ûʲôˣȥ
ø滵Ů˸ղŵĻûк£ԳԵĸŽЦ
ǺǣͽлˣĵطûпʼأٺٺаЦţѾ̽˲̽ĵط
顭
ļ黹ûеȼһ޴죬иˤ˳ϣҵóһΡ
룬𴦴ȥôɨүҵˣߵ˵Ȼŵ飬Ů̽
顭
һ죬ųһ
ҪŭͿֳһ˼٣ıڲԶʵѾ˯ˣ
ҿ㡭ٶʱЩˣǹ߰ôͱ˸ˣһ˭
Ҿ㣬Ǻμãҵη壬ҪǸҶҡ
ž
׳ŵ˵ĻһƸսˡ
˵μҵڶܵ͵үҲʵһʡøԺһӢţ
ҹͶμûøУԭǸӶϣƫƫþײԵ
ǵĻһߺһԵ
˭Ҳұ֣Ȼһ£Ҳ˰̾ʶԷ
μҵȷǵ͵ˣҲʲôˣ۸ͷ
֪ҹӦеҵףϾó񣬵Ҫ˵μǿЦˡ
ҹӦöֲİɣҹͷ̽̽ԺңȥɧǸͷĲ㣡
ҹ汻һҲ֪ǰҲ󲮵ӣ˵ǱҹŪģ˲ЦˣҹôԵأ
μصĴүҹ˿¶ȻûдȥҲųͨͬյϢټμʱı䶯λҲһЩ˵ע⡣
ǰһ϶һЩԲΪԼҹԼͻˣΪںǵĸȦҲûλҴүӰӣҪðס
ҹ˭ߵø綼ļһܲǸ֣ԼҲǹߣȻֻǻƼڣҲһۿԷϸһҲûУ⻹ðҹ
ΪԼĴǵĳѾһֻ֣˲䱻˾סʱ䶼ûУѾǿдӴϳ
ﰡ
ϵ·ƣӲϵĲӣ϶ʱ˼ѪۣȻҲѪ
ҲɵˣԼǹ߰ôСӵĶ֣
òǶݣʵе̫ԼˣʱһֻС̶һҹ
žžž
ƽϲ˶ҲǴǰŮ˽еˣһΡ
ҲУһֻžžǽһˣҽһĻᶼûУߵѾˡ
ס֣
ŵϢȻԷҲһ֡
ҹԷԸסˣڴ˲ҽеĻᣡ
ʱ˲ϣֻûȣңҰ


069 ϻͯҩ
˭ϰٷμܷһĻҲƣô飬òŵϴټ찡ǳ
ЩӵܰʵУͲǵ
ĻҪôҹץõһɣԷͨ͵ҪϣȻת
ĻոҪ˵ݻһת˭֮һûаͷҧ
үôˣؼӱүүүүô˵İ
쿴ҹһʱĸо
㻹Ÿë죬ЩģݺСӣҪʹ㳦
һֱڸʹɫϧԷȻʼƲǣ춼ҪˣԷڷӦ
٣Ҳǲʶ㣬Ż᲻Сķᣬ˲С˹ͱƽˣߵҹߣԷΪ
֪ԼΪʲôˡ
ҹɨһۣʶңҵ⣬ųԼԵҾͺܽˣ
Сĸζݺݵس鴤һ£⡭ͲҲ̫ˣ˵ʲôУҹǰ˵ԼԵ
ٱҲǹݵˣһ⻰ʱãռˣռˣ
⻰ҪҹǻǸɽŮƾҪɵˣҪԵˡ
ǿź˿ĭͬʱҲֺõмү
Ϊëǰ֮˸м̬̫ˣ
٣Ѿ֪ˣ̧֣ٷһɡ֪ҹû˵Ҫ֣ٴ顣
˸̧֣ԼѧһҹĪ˵
ٽѵǣҲﰵп࣬ҲЩүǶͣһ£ҪȻܡ
ˣҲеڶˣҪðԵǺǡҹЦţ˭һǺ޾೤˷ζ˵ʲôݻҪˡ
л٣ҲɵӣæСһͷ
ף⳵ӲҹͻȻһתͷĳӣҪǸոջ˿ʯͷҲôһ
һող˵ǡҪ٣
ǲǿδΪ԰ڣҲǻĿ¿
ȻһۣǴ˿ܰƽϢҲֵˣ
ںı̬ϲĻ͸ˡ
Ҿϲδô󷽵ˣʵƤеܶ໰˼˵ڣҹĶԷļͷʱʲôôĻǼǵһ
ÿҹѾ棬΢΢Щղϵ죬ĸоȻ
ǲⲣôˣǵùҹﱧԹš
簡ǲոԼƵ룬Ƥб̫̫ǫˡ
Ҹܶ4SﶼˣͷٿҸȥ޺͹ȥȻۣɻ˵
ףλٿˣμǰ;ˣҹ޵
ЦãҪһ͸ҹѹϵˣǹ̫вˣǿǧֻ۷ҹʵеŶԷвš
߰ôʱһ϶ûеظҹ֡
ҹӳȥѸٵص˻٣Ķȥɡ
ҵĶ͸ˣһʱûзӦ
ǾͲˣҹתͷź泵ЦŮ㻹ںװ𣿡
ףԭոյŮӣڳûء
ǸʵҸʲôҲûзŮŤض˶ӣ˼ҿһصŮˣڻء
٣ߣٲҾҪˣҹæͷŤ˴ȥ
ٵĳҲϣҲϣҲϣ
ûеȵǱʣһ߶ţһ߶ѷ߷߲ƽŮ˸ק
ǺǣǾδٺܲˡҹһ䣬ٴηˡ
Ҳ֪ҹ˵Ǽ٣ǲò˵ʾҲûԷķ
Ҫ˵ãǰȷǸˣܱȲϣ£ӣĸʺϸҴ򽻵
ҪܸҰѹϵˣ˵׼о޴ĺôء
пһ£ͻȻҲЩˣһתͷ䵽˶Էϣֳ鴤һ£ҪģǸҿ鲼
Ǳ߶ҹҲûô࣬ӺһȥͣڸոǸ˵ĸǰ˼ңȥɡ
úúãǱոյһæʹӦС㻹Ǵ˵еĹ߰ɣ
ǺǡҹҲûлӦ⣬˼ﻹûʯͷеĻǵȿһҡ
ûˣЩź˵һ˵õϣովͷӣⶫ͸㣬͵ұİɡ
Ŷʲôҹֵʵ
ʯֻ˳һʣҲ֪һͨˣôʯһҲ֪ô䵽ģֻ֮ʵ̫Сˡ
һҩүүүүүү˵ͷص˵ܷⷽϻͯ
ҹѾȤȱȱˣ֪֮ǰԼһʯҲ²ͷƭӰɣ
ϻͯ飬ݵҪ׶
ҹļʶ˵˺ܸߵľ֮󣬸ݵҲͲôһ㣬Ҫ˵ϻֿͯʵ̫ˡ
˵ҩͷô̬ӣΪʲôԼһŷϻͯҩأ
СɲҪΪ˵ЦⷽУͷûǸ£ҩ˵ҪŪҩɶļӵ棬ȻһҲҩͷҲ˾һ۾Ϳҹȴĵ˵ţоҩҪһҲһĻҩЧͻҪûУǾһЧûˡ
ҹЦЦô˵ⶫǲ׶û˶Ҳҩģ˵һôûУ֤ⷽĻǼٵĶˡ
˼ңɣҹʵ
ǣǰɣͷһ߻شһ߶ּ˵Ҫ˵أ֮Ը˵Ϊǰ죬ڼͻȻһӣԺôţ
ѿˣҹĵʵ
٣ͷ뱲ӣûмôˣͷһĴȿ佱


070 һŮ
ҹһ֣˼Ǵ뱲Ӷûм̫˰ɣ
ǲǺÿԡҹǶҲûʲôͼֻôӦš
ˣҼҵСԺӣҪ㲻ҵĻͽȱˮɣͷѵôĵСˡͷǺǵЦŵ
ҹ˵ˣҲûжʯˣԼǷϻͯķҲûʲôҪܾʱȴͻȻ⣬Ҿȥ
һ߶˵һ߶͸һǸСԺӡ
ԭǱϵһСӣԶĸ¥ãԵøãҲһֶ
СԺӲΧǽҲ߰˰ˣСƾɵƽޣﲹӶǲһĶ硱ҲǺʱˡ
ⶼҹעĽ㣬ʱѾŵһҩ㣬֮󣬸ǿһСԺֵĶҩģ˵⻹ֵĻҹʶЩҩʳҪϼиǳһڲͬˡ
ҹ֮ǰҽѧԺʱҲҩٵоǵõ֮󣬾Ҳûҩˣһٿҩĵʱ򣬾ȻĸоȻܲעˡ
һȻûʯôԵģ쳣ǺܴӣҩҲܱԼյĻԺֶһĻ÷ʽˡ
ԭСҲϲҩĵζͷҴţҶҩĵ˽⣬Ǻһָģⶼϴı¡ͷԺ˵
ҹҲ⣬ǿЩúʢҩģЩˡΪЩҩıģСԺȴø˷ܼһò˵ͷӿ϶Ҳһˡ
˼ңҩŵһֺرζ֪ʲôҩҸоûŵҹʡ
ƾʶҲҵҩģϾ˼ҵСҩ԰Ҫ㶯ַĻЩʧɴͿˣ˳Ҳͷı¡
٣ӿ鰡һ˿϶ŲͷӲ࿴ҹۣسţǾҸ˵ģҩӣû뵽ֳѿˣֻǸոշļ磬볤ɻһʱء
ͷһ˵ţһ߾ҹ˵ļȥ
ȻҹǼӳҩ֮磬ǳȷǴҩɢġ
ſ糤磬ѾĵˣһƬĻǻ˵ã
ҩֳܴ𣿡ҹҲЩˡ
ʯֶǲŪʥ˵ŪһᣬҲұ֤ôɡ
ЩҩĵõĻǿĺ£ҲΪʯ鷢ˡ
ְͷ˸Ϊѵı飬˵ľڴǰһҩңֻǺûˣһЩҩķǿɶǲ⴫ģһͷӣҪ˵СԺֳҩǻܰ쵽ҪָʮĶĻͷҲֲǡ
ҹǺЦЦ˼˵˲⴫Ҳֱ׷ŷ˰ǷС˵ҩܱܲգһɵء
ֻ⼸磬ܲܲһ¿ɣǿɱȡˡ
ţҹתһԼɵЩҩĶֻҪժЩͨҩһ¿֪̾ЧôαطһҪأ
뵽ҹһ֣ժ˼ƬͨҩĵҶӣŵ
һ˿˿յڣսǱܵؾͿʼתҩȻҲ΢ǱͨʳҲмЧ
ҹһƬǰ֪ԶܲڿҩĵЧãԺ԰ѳԷĳɳҩˣ
⻹ͨҩģͷ˵ҩģ˵ЧǼӣٶԵԣٶٳԣǸʯЧҲĶȥˡ
ôͷû˵ɣⳤݣŪҩǲܷϻͯЧҲĶȥͷһӶҪⶫŪϧŪɰͷź˵
ôҹʣⲻҩҲˣ
ҲǴ˵еĹߣûͷ޿ϧ˵ҪȻ˵ϧأҪǿСԵ۶ҲãټϿҲǸߣҲŲðⷽӸأҪҲһ׮Ըˡ
ҹͷ˵ҩʱһҪЧġ
ԭ¶һģڲͬˣܶŪһЩҩĵĻǺкôģԼҲҪһҩƷ˾ҩĹõĻֱŶĺö
תһͷͷ˵˼ңⷽ˵͸ңҪҩÿҩĲɣǺϻﾭӪҪ׬Ǯˣһһ룬ô
ô˼ⷽ˵Ҫ͸ģҲΪңҪĻ˵ľ洫ǿʯͷͱٿǮˣͷԵЩ˼ҵͷӵĹײıҲˣôˣֻܼµĶطŹʣǮģںˣǮҲҪ㶼ȥɡ
ôɣҩϻءҹ֣ص˵ڻ֪ҩܲɣҪɵĻǵȻ˵ˣˣ˼ҿɾǹؼһɱҪţȻⷽҲҪˣұȥɡ
٣С˵ǶͷӵƢͷҲʹشӦɣҩţҹٹ죬ܳòˣʱҩ֪ͷӾԲǹᴵţġ
ҹһ£ͷ̶һ¹ˡ
¼Сҩ磬ߣͷȴ˵ò˼ãɼõʲô취һԼҩĵľ
ͷ²ǸͨˣҹŽۡ
ڶԷϣκεûҲûֵƺһͨͷԽҹԽͷĪ
ãҾ͵ſҩҹ²͸ҲֻһһϾֺöǲܴġ
žǷϻͯҩеҩҲȽϡУСţеҩģⳤҲͳˣʱҩˡͷһûв˽˼ֱӰҩҹ
ҹӹҩ˵ʲôͻȻһȴõģæͽ绰
Ķ
ǡҹһ£Ҳûа취˵Լڵص˵ʲô¶ɣǸ̬Ů˳ˣ
ûУһֻҪһŮʱ䣬ȤûǸŮŶõеϷĿ˵


071 Ӣĺ
˵Լɣҹ
񡣡
ûȤҹԹ˵ʲô񶼽ӳɲɣǿɲǿ˾ġ
ʯõ̵ؽţȻûȤĻƵˡ
Ӵι˰Ҿ͵˵ˣҹ̾תڵȤҲǿʯɲʲôʱеġ
õЦһһʯ͸ɫŮһӦ治֪ʯõģȻôں
˼Ҫ𣿡õ֪ʡ
Ȼ˭Ļҧҹش
໰õҲ̲סһ䡣
ʲôʱ䣿ҹʡ
һȥ㣬ҪżѧһȥѧӦûɣõͻȻʶ⡣
ʲôѧұѧòãҹűӵ
õһ뻹ǣ⵹ˣǰҹһصصѧһҽרҵ
ţã˵񱣻Ŀ꣬ҪȥɽҼֲ걾йͬԡõ˵ͷ
ҹҲˣⶼ˶ˣȥɽϲɼֲ걾Ҳ˼
ȻʯҲЩʯ
ֽ˼䣬ŷϻͯҩˡ
ϻصҵʱ򣬾ȻүүԵˣȥɫҲ̫ÿǲĽǺ⡣
ҹҪһ£Ҳûˡ
СҹǸҩƷ˾û˳𣿡û뵽Եȴǿڹҹ
ŶҹҲһ£û뵽ʵô£аɡ
ﰵЦҹʱǸҩƷ˾ĴŶûнɣ
ЩǺģȻʱûиҹʲô鷳ҲΪһûκζҪʼ׼˾˵ʱƾⳡϵ͹ϵֶΣɫҹϰǺ׵ġ
ŶǺǣֲԵɫÿһЩô׬Ǯ𣿡
ǰԺүүҵĶΪ֮⣬ʻˮƽʧݵġ
׬ò࣬ɣҹ̹Ȼ˵Ϊ˽һҩƷ˾ĹģѾͶʣĿǰ˾оһҩԱǶŬŵȵҩ֮󣬹˾ǰһƬá
ƲƲ죬ǲɫ쵽˶ͷϡҲòҹĴţˣôһˣСӳй֮⣬ûһ¶
ʲôҩԱŬɣ
ԣҲеУԱҩʲôûûеóֻϹ
ţܲԵǱȴ⣬תͷӢСҹŴľ츳
ȷӢ΢΢Цŵͷ
ҹ飬֪øҹȷǵõ򣬲ҩƷ˾룬Ƕʯ׬ġ
СҲҲĵطΪһӮˣͻһԼӮͶʣҲһʯͷˡ
ԵĻҲܸе׻ĸпǾҹûŴӢǬ츳
˼֪ҹֻڶʯѾ׬ˣ֪Ǹʲô顣
СҹҲãӢһϸĶ壬˵ֶ֧ĻʽѵĻҶ壬һȫ֧㿪ҵ
лл壬ҹܸ˵ػӦûǮĻҾҶҪˣĿǰá
΢΢üͷ׸ݵһȻҪ֧ҹȥҵ˵Ҫ
ȵһСӾѾӢķ
֣㲻˵ҪҹʲôŪôҪʽϵ֧֣ʵ
ǸһЩǲбļƻ
ӢȻЦЦҹҲȷһӣѾڶʯϣǰҶҲ綼ܹ⣬ȴҪ֧ǮϣҪ٣͸٣õô֧֣ȴһɵʱүүƫģҲٰҴˡ
Ե֮ƫҸҹһǾҵĲҵ󲿷ֶҹĸ״ģΪҹ⼸ί
ҹһİܼӣԵҲǿңһӵܹ⡣
ԭҲ̾׹
ӢǬȴЦС鲻࣬壬ҲȥһҩƷ˾ɫĻǾ͸Ǻܺõ˵ˡ
˰֣һŬģֳͷ飬ȻܾôҲǸ
룺ҹ᲻ҴүݣƤĻҪүүˣҲ׾ҵˡ
ֻҪ˺ҵĺ̨˵ʵⶼѡ
м֪ҴүӢǺں飬ԼҲ˵ҪԼƴһݼҵҵţԼԼ͡
Ӣһ֮뵽ҹаŵСӣܲںʲôֲͣô˵ˣҲȥϣҪ˽ǿһ£ΪҿҩƷҵģҵҴү죬ôѡ񣬾ͽԼȥɡ
Ҳɵ̾еĹϡ
ϣպүүԵҲûа취ǵ鷳һҿҩҵү죬ʵһӵķϡ
ȻΪҹйϵҲʲôҪĴ󴬵ˣѡѡҹǾǺԵˡ
ԸӢӸԻȥˣԼǳһ
ҹλܴѹĿǰСȻѲˣĶ֣ҵλá
Ȳ˴ӢǬڣԼĶȴʤĶӣ⣬Ҳһʤɣһյʤ
ңעӢˣ

ڶһ磬ҹһҾҪõѾųſ
ĲҸһȥ𣿡ʵ
ˣҩϵҩһЩرЩȽϡеģ̵ʱ룬ԤУҩ˵Чҹͷ
粻˵ں˾𣿡ʡ
ҲںֻǶǺ񲻺ͻȻȤˣҹЦѣ֪òǺǵģ
ţ֪ˡҹĻûзԹ
ιǵãŮѰȻôճ㣡ӿ˺ԶõܴӺӾվҵſڡ
㵽Сԭ䰡ȻôࣿҹҲȵ
õƲƲ죬ҹһۡ
ȻǵһμȴǵһκԳõԼ˼򵥵Ľܡ


072 
ҪһĵĴѧһЩĻǺͨ˵ĻҲֻǿôһѡ
үүǰʥԱǺѳְ֮״ȫǨ׹ﾭ̡ǰһʱ䣬ΪĳεĴȫҶѻػġ
֮ǰ鷳ǰˣǲ֪ô£ֿһЩڳҵע⣬һ֪ĵڵأҪŮŮȴôҲϣ컹Ҫɽȥɼʲôϡֲ걾
Ů޿κΣλֻ̣ͨһЩ״ǰĹϵʥ깫﷢һ
ô鷳ǸСѾͷȻ֪ҪɱﲻúôڼܳҲˣҪܵɽȥʲô걾㲻ܺ𣿡ҹʣУʥ깫ҲǣӦøعעЩаĹô˽˵񶼽ӣǸʲôˣϰ֣ôʯֶģ
ʮΪʲô𣿡õֱۣʥ깫ʣûרаߣֻ;֮һʵʲôֻҪ㲻ˣʥҲȥܣֻҪǹߣûʲôӼԸʥ깫ᣬͿڹҲԷⲢûʲôװ
ʲô㲻˵Ҫֽܺɸѡ𣿡ҹͻȻõ仰Ǽٵġ
ҪɸѡЩӼɸѡȥõ΢΢ЩΣһ壬ҪǲͬĻҲ϶ˣôŰɣ
ûôţ˵ɡõˣҲΡ
ҵΪǻƼڣõ˵һԼʵ֤ԼֻϺȵĶѣһǵҪ֤ĵİȫˣʱ䣬ʯΪҪʯô񣿡
仰ѾԵرĲ
ҹƲƲ죬ʵõôһѻǲģԼûа취һʱ֪﷢ʲôʯ˵һӾͱ˽ӵˣҲûа취ȥ
ʯԾΪչԼõò˵С椶Լõġ
ǸɶʵҲû˼ҹæǸ
õ棬ôԼŮԹһ˵ʲôң
ˣʱ͵ΣеĻһɺˣҹһţʱ򣬷ֵʯ
ƽ֣õؿҹһۡ
ֵʯҹܴ󷽵˵
Сõַۡ
Լҹһʱ䣬۵ʱر࣬ЩƺͷգôŷţͲ֪ȥˡ
ںǴѧԶĵطѾӳȻõӺҲҲӸҹԼǱһпɰͼС̤Ĳˡ
ҹһԵذѱŸϣõıӰ
˵С椶ϱװ֮󣬻һŮǷںǴѧҲһУġ
ʱ˾͵˼ϵĵص㣬Ѿվ˼һȥˡ
εɽ֮УѧУ֯ĻѾ붬䣬Բû̫Īȥɽһ
ʵ⣬ǰȥʮֶεĻʮָȤ
ףλŮҲҪһȥɽûв´ĻӦõͬѧɣһݸߵӭ
ţõҹõǰ濴һۣǾȥɽ𣿡
Զԣרģҽ֣ǿλŮȥǿɾ̫ˣλҲǸеСǮԿõ̾մŮҰõȥ
Уõû˵ҹѾõĴűҶȥģ㸺ˡ
֣ǿҪһ£˭֪̫أ֣ǿûֻһ£ͨһˡ
֣ǿЩ죬ϾŮǰôҲԵԼ̫ˣҪһܸŮ˰ȫ
ϵıң֣ǿѹ˸Լҽڵĳ嶯꣬Ҳ̫ˣװ
ҹҪ۸֣ǿͬѧô˼ôܽӵסõûֱٰӣ֣ǿ
֣ǿǸж̫ˣչԼӰŮ̫ôˣԵ̫ðҪȥԷһӵ
ⶫذ᲻ˣҹʼ磬ôѧôصĶŰ
֣ǿҪһҹĲϧ񣬵һҹ󻹱ŵһıңոһֻԼıң˰ɣҪĻԼˡ
ôһŶûУ˼֣ǿͬѧæõҹһۡ
Ǻǡ֣ǿεЦЦʵⶫҲȷǺأҽͬѧһȥŮ㲻õġ
ллˣõЦЦˣԼɡ
˵ֻץңɵ˦ϣаͳȥ
ȿȡ֣ǿõץҵʱ򣬲ûˮǺ
ˣŮ̫ͣŮŮӶˣֱŮգ
׷ŮŮѣո뷨һûˡû취Ů̫ѼԦˣԼСķ涼ñԵİɣ
˵ˣŮҲΪɲҪ˭ģһҪ׷ˣٷֵʱŮһƿ¾ͰԼ¥ȥ˰ɣ
ΪȫԶŮգ
ҹ֣ǿɫҲǰЦЦõһֵúƯɫͼԼ鷳ҪȻĻһ·֪ҪôӦǶŮˡ
һ£Ҳʮּذõˡ
֮ǰѾ˽ɽ֮УһˣġԼõ֮⣬ŶǱŮġ
ŮȻָģȻոתУûѾ൱ѧУ̳һҪȥɽɼʱ̾Ӧߡ
Ϊ˳õԼҹŵݣҲѧУתУΪ˲֪ģҲ̳ͨĴһͬеģһ֪õ֡
֣ǿһǸ۾С֣ǿһΣε΢΢֣һ֣ȫǳԻ֢
˿ǺصӣƴɽϰҲҪŮУ֪ʵǵ֮£һˮġ
Һãûɣ˼סԶһո·϶³ˡһȳƣ毺ãӴ絽඼൱µŮŴŴʺá


073 ˫
ŮһŴð㾫ϸӣֻ۾峺ͨ͸Ľë¶͸һɿɰ
Ȼ߿ȥõҪСöֽ࣬ССŮǺܶ˶ϲС˵ĸо
֮£ٿõĻѹ̫ˣǶΪͬѧҪõվһǲСˣСѹˡ
ٿõһǵıֵ֮Ƕõ͸ʲôˡ
ȻõŮƬ׵լŮ񣬵ҪŮѣǻǸϲġ
ĽŸ˵ʱָоԽԽӾ磬΢ԲΣܱҳŵ˵ʱһͻأͷŶġ
רҳ֣ǿǱŮͲû˵ѾҪˡ
֣ǿǸԼĹûа׷ѣŮʵǶԼ࿴ˡ
ҹͬѧѧʲôרҵʵ
Ȼûаӿʼ͵˵ͬѧˡ
ҽҩҹһתͷ
ҪҵҲһҩ걾ͬѧڣһ˳ءеŴŴЩСŮ⣬ȴһĳЩٵαװκ˶÷ǳ
𣿡ҹЦЦ㲻Ҫ̫ϣΪǸѧѧڣʮ˸Ӣĸȫ
ıÿЦЦʱס죬ɱ˻ܿܽݣһſŶ鱴ţʮֵĺÿ
֣ǿ˶ˣؿҹǵķͷˣҪչȥĶ˵䣬ȴԼĻ͸ˣȫҹǱ߶Щ׷ŶԷ⡣
ǱȽϷĵǣҹ˿ʼʱӦ˼£⣬ԾЩܵĳɷˡ
Сӣߣһӣ
˶ǰЦҲǵ⣬ҪҹˣС׻ֲǳˡ
аͳ͵ɽ£Ȼԭ·ˣʣµɽ·ֻͽȥ
ӾֳҹսԼõְһ·̸Ц
ٿһ֮ǰɽüĻ룬ǰ·ϱϱĶѾ۵ֱͷˡ
ǶãҹһĴ󣬼ֱǰЩ˸еҲ̫ˣ˵Լˣһе̫ǿˡ
ҵһƬյʺϢģǳŵһɾͲˣҹҲ⣬һװġ
ҪǱֵ̫ɵĻʣеĻɾ͵öˣ߶ɲһڿˣ飬ûбֵ
Ϣ֮󣬼ʼҹҲ̾͸õæ
ûĹ򣬾ͰõãűһȻɵöࡣ
ҹأĿҵ񶼴֮ҹȴԶһûиԼٴһ˼
ңûΪ˵Ҫ죬Ҷ˵Եģûطšҹִӱó׵ɾ
Ի϶ˣǹؿҹһۣҲͬ飬һġ
ùҴ˫񡣡õ廰˵
ŶһϲԭһԶֲҹ·ϲҶıֵ̫飬ǾͺðˣŮǵˡ
ҴҲ˫񡣡΢΢Ц˵
ոҪȸԾʱһУʯ
ʲô˼ŮҪ˵Ľ
ͬѧҪĻһ˯ɣʡϻẦ¡Ľ˵һ˰ĵĻ
ţǵȻˡõȻͬ⡣
ĵģһסȻòˡ
Ƕʰãڸתת֮ɫѾһҹʱ䣬Ȼ󼸸˶ҴϢˡ
ҹΪᷢʲôûнУһҹúܣһ˿ûз
ڶ켸һƬɽĴѰһ£ҲûҵҪĶҹҲͬعȥˡ
ΨһĸıĶԴҵ̬ȣʱ˵ҹǺҲҹÿθ˵ЩܵӣСŮЩɴһ仰ҹ˵ˡ
֣ǿץ˻ᣬƵƵڣǸԭӣСӻе
ҹֱ仯⣬ֻҪû£Ƕܵõʯ˵Ȼǵû鷢õĽĶʲôǸǵƵϰ
ʱ䣬Ѿȥ죬ռƻֻҪһҹʱ򣬾Ҫˡ
ʯۿҪ֣ҹȴûһҪɵ˼ΪҹʱҹͻȻоһ˿
һԤУԤʾŽϿ϶ᷢһЩʲôûĻӦþǴɱĵҪˡ
ҹĻٵʱ򣬴ѾصϣʵǺܿģɽϳһЩҶľ֮⣬ҲûʲôģûҪľϲ
ҹ֮Ƿǳεг̣ϾŮţʯͷоһۡ
ΧһȦмȼ𣬼˱߿Щԣ龰Ѿƽˡ
ǾҪȥˣȻûʲôջ񣬵һǺܸˣΪʶںǴѧĵһѣܸлǣɹôļ졣ӳģԵøӽ˼֣ÿ˶̲סȥһڵĳ嶯
ȻﲻҹֻҪʱ䣬϶һ˼سԶ˵һܶʱ䶼ڳԶƽ·ʱ򶼲⡣
ܺһɽϹ⼸죬֣ǿ϶ǻһӵġ֣ǿɿ˵
ǰǰԵĻҪٶ༸Ļᣬ´ʲôʱ֯һҪǵôҡκٺЦЩӡ
ѩˣһֱȽϳĬ̧ͷ˿գͻȻôһ䡣
İƯҲͷ
ӨѩƮ䣬ӳĹâͿһ⾳Ļ
ۣ⻭ǰѩһ֣ǿά
ţͯİѩƯҲš
΢΢ЦЦԵЩɬǡʱĬҲ˵ǰһȣǾ߸Сһ
ۡ
֣ǿζһѪൽɤ۶
ҹǼһһҲǸעߣһӵġ᲻򣬷ҪԼȳСôԼҲϺ
ҹͬѧʲôΪҪֿˣҲûٸҹգһипӣ̲סʵ
ңҹһ£Ƶ˵ѩҪһֱµĻұĶԼ졣


074 һȥ͵
Ӳĺ֣ǿǣͬһսߵõһͷĺߡ
Ի磬ⲻ˵ġ
ǾҪֿˣҹͬѧܸһµ绰ԺҲϵڴĿҹ
ûֻҹ䣬ڴֻˡ
ߡƢٺõģҲ̲ס󷭰ۣŤͷķˡ
õæϣĵġ
ͬʱҲЩҹһǸԼĿȥӡһǸÿչ
ǶҹҲûа취˵ʲôԾͲһԼˣ˵ͲòԼһء
˵ʵҹ֮˵ܸӷһЩҪҹԸոƼڵʵõĶȥˡ
Ȼ֪ҹûʵȴʵʵģҹһҲһ÷ʽҹԸĻû̫ѡ
ͬѧȥĶĿõһ䡣
ߣ㲻Ǽһ˰ɣõʵǸӣʵǹġ
֪̾˿ʵһۿʱҾֺصĸоϵ̲סȥֻҪԿһ㣬ͻᷢ㣬ս㣬Ҳϲ𣿡
ϲЦˣõԼ۾ûϹôϲôһأʵ룬ҹҲһˣֺãȻ˵еˣƷȴֱģҡҡͷⶼʲôأҸֵܣǶ֣ϲĻô
𣿡ĵĴ۾Ź⣬Ұɣ
ôܣ㳤ôƯǼһҪǲϲ㣬϶ûг۾õĵ˵š
ллսˣһˣСҲøƺҲĵˣͻȻ̬еŤ󣬡ȥǱ߷һ£սҿŶ
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ΪԺиʯҹһŬĸùϵɣõ͵͵Ц룬ò˵еʹˡ
ĳǲѿκҹ۽Ҳһĸ߰ʱ򣬾ͼǵһĲµСѾͷճҹţһ⣬øǻﻹһŮѵãһһŵõˣеСܴ˵ˡ
Ů֮ҹǼͷ߿߳ɣȴ
ȥһ¡һվŸõ෴ķˡ
οˣͻȻ۾תתҲȥһ¡
֣ǿû⣬ҹҲû⣬ǱõţΣգõԸˣܲźȵĻᶼûС
ʮ֮ҹ־Ȼһ˻ҲûУüվ
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һҲȥˡ
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һתͷǻѵĻƺҲ֣ǿһļƤ
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ǲǱŵģǾͲ֪ˡ룬ջǳõǸȥˣҹǸոչȥģȥôöûлģʲôɣ
һ·ţ֣ǿֵȥˡ
أҹʶ󿪣һʱ䵽õߡ
ڷ㡣õС˵
ҹæʶջҪһСġ˶ԷĻ棬ȻΪ˱˼ңҲеˡ
еϲ㣬ѾӦˣڶҺΡõЩС˵
Ѿ٣ҹ׼ȷظĸֵۡ
ʯʱͲô˵ˣõҹһۣΪΪԼֲܳʯ
ˣҹҲ֪ЩʯΪõҲǲСˣҸոʶһҩĵˣͷҿûʲôܸõҩš
ģõ⡣
ʵôļʥ깫ҲΪܵõԴȻԼĻ治֪ʲôʱͻƵΪ
ȥ˶ãҹͻȻʵ
ѾõһʣҲЩɻˣȥʮˣɸոһ˵š
ҹ۽Ƕһ£Ҳʲô²£ʶ֮ɨ˹ȥ
Ƭ̾ջʱɫѿ˲ˣ
⡭ô᣿õȡ
ȥǱ߸û·ǹҲܴŸˣϢؾߵˣҪ֪õʱ̶עǱ߶Ķɲһ衣
ҿҵˣ֣ǿܹŵ˷˵
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֣ǿ죬ԣˣһŮգ꣬ʵҪһŶԡ
棬֣ǿοǣҲõԼһˡôһ룬е
ʵ֣ǿˣҹ֮Բõһ֣ǿҲ⡣õҲְ̾ţȻҲᷴԣҹʵǿŵ¶
ϧ֣ǿûи̫ãҹ̫ܵ죬ȫϣҹҲ˵ֱӰСһһ·񱼣֣ǿǽһܰ
ģ㻹𣿡һСӵģϴżϷ֮⡣
϶˭Ѿŵûʧɫڵӣֻֽǰǲͣȥ
Ǻǣ˭ҪҪǣϾͻˬôһƯС椶ôˣҲϧģģûй涨һҪʲôʽһˬ۷ʱٶ֣Ͳоˣ۾˸
˭ɱҵģҿԸǮܶǮֻҪŹңҿҰְָ˫Ǯǿ򶨵˵ţȴѾûŴŴĶǴЩǻһ
ǺǣܱǸС㣬عصְҵߣȻˣҲòܾ㣬棬һ촽ǾͿʼɣģû˻ҵ˴ǿġ


075 å
쵰㾹Ȼӣҽѵ㣡Ļո˵꣬Ա߶һˣǸҹһ֣ǿ
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֣ǿ˷۾εˣ֣ҹ
ҹңһҹ̾ǿ˾һȴҳȥΪڸҹ֮䣬վһħһ
ɱ˵ˣҹʵ
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ǵûУ˵ԼְҵģҾһ£ҹЦЦû뵽һ¾Ͳ׼ˣʵ˵Ҳֻ֪һɱˡ
ΪƵЦһ£û뵽Էֻ̽ΪԼѾ¶ˡ
ɱ˵ˣӦ֪ңҹ˵ҸǴ򽻵ҲͷһˣڻûռˣˣҲΪ㡣
ǺǣǿǲУҲһϲ;ϵˣȻЦЦȫûԼݱҲİѾɱ˵ѪεĿҲ㣬ֻҪ뿪Ҫٶ£ҿԱ֤ԺҲ׷ɱ񡣡
ҹĵ۾˸⣬ҹıԷ˵¾Ͳˡ
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治һþͻأسһȵĻţ΢΢ţ֤ǲǶԷˡ
ҹ۾һУȭͷ߬
֣һȺܲߣ
ҹĶүүĻһֺ⡣
Ǳ߶ˣⷴӦ԰ǹߣƾճֵĻ棬һӦҲǼɵǰСأ
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òơûУǰڵĳЩӸˣһ߹ˣߵñ֮ǰ죬˿Լķˡ
ԼǲСʲô
ǰһ̾ı˶ѻҽǲҪĽɣòһ¶Է
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ȭͷžѾϴѸһͷͬʱһȭŶԷؿڴȥ
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ˣոһȭûô״ҹǾôشˡ
ΪԼҪҹŰɲ˵ʱ򣬾ͿһȭͷС󣬳Ѱ˹漴һһСǡ
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ϡϡϡ
Ͳһ֮ĽåڴܣոյһڱŵڵϣȻåģå
ҹۿתѾȥĴӱȥ۽ҹס


076 ѾȲ
Ҿ֪һᶪҵģ΢΢Щ˵
ҹһŰ߿תοûˣ߰ɣһͽɡ
ҹҡĵСȴúͨͨ
ʲôҹȴЩؿŶԷ
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Ŷ֪ˣҹæѶԷƿһЩڻԶһһ嶯ͻһЩӦ÷顣
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ҹҲԷĴ󵨾ˡ
Ļں棬ԷСֺԥСϣĸš
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ҹǿֻҪϷңԺֻһ˵ŮˣĽĵЦЦ֮ǰɰ崿Ǵгջٱ飬ңһܡ
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077 
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ĽֻĹͷĥĥΪذԱõԻѡԵġ
ɱ˵ȷǽ˴ɱҸ׵񣬡ļҹҲȶԷʣɲԼϵĹͷһһصΪҵĹϵרɱ˰ţĿɱңĿȴǽһƭ㣬֪Ҳ֪ҵݺΪ
ϢЩˣɱ˸ѩŻһ£֮ĹϵǳȻɱ˷Ѿӵ
ҹ֮ǰõУɱ˺ûǰǶȷ׷ɱĿ꣬Ȼһ·׷ɱףʧ˶ٴΣһܻǳɹġ
ɱ˲˴ɱ񣬻ӦĵҪԸԼȻɱ˵ȷǰ˴ɱѪǳĵæһɱϣӣƺе󰡡
ѩţҹûڹɵ飬ȻҲ֪ɵʲô˲ĵطܵõһЩϢ
ɱΪʲôôӣҹʡ
Ⲣӣѩŵӣɱ˵йһζԹǾʲôҲ̫֮ɱѩŵ˾Զ֮ĵ
ҹһ۾ɱжݻߣ
Ҳ֪ҴûмˣտʼĻʱҲ֡ĵ
ɱ˵ܲôǵϵҹʡ
Ҳ֪Ļش𣬡ϵңǸͲܰܲλøҡ
ҹ΢΢üô˵֪ѩŸɱ֮Щϵ֮⣬һ֪ˣ
Ĳ֪ЩţɲЩӲͷӲɱ֣ԹͷһȤҲûУΪһɱϵңҶֻֻһ˵
һΣҹûȥûʲôʵˣͰõнԷúչ
Ȼչ֮ǰǺĵõĵĵϵϸĵµҲǸж档
֮ҹ֣ǿõģĸһ
εѾȥˣһڱԹС̫һת۾Ͳ֪Ķȥˣת۵ʱ򣬾Ϳ֣ǿǹĹۣһˣŵĶûУֱӾͻ˯֪̫಻ȫ
ⳡѩҲûµ̫󣬲²ɽһʱ򣬼˾Ѿıķһɽӵϡ
֣ǿСӰҲͦɿģӦȾʹкϲֻ˾˼ҽԱ˵ƶһٴһ̤˷̡
֮ҹȻǰĴʥ깫Ҳûж֣ǿ˵ĵʵݺĿġ
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ãҪ񡣡ҹܿЦЦǰһƣǰ췢Ǹʳ˾ѪħǸ֡


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ŶҲһʥԱڵӦҲֵıƣʹʮ꣬ȥҲ̫ˣаħǺ˲ǳʲô֤֤֣
Ҿ֤ݰҲذԱץõǰһ
ǿɲаЦЦС֪ܸɣ㱾Ͳε㲻֤ݡ
֤ݰõģ˵ɣһɱ˼ˣ
Ǳԩģģ˹ҸףүүҲʥԱǰҸ׷˱ɽûбң㱻ɱʲôħˣһҪʥ깫һ˵ĵСΪŭò԰ף˭ˣ˵ġ
ģô£̾ɫһ֪ĵȷ˽ıĿ꣡
ıĿ겻٣ⲻҲɡħĹߣõ͵Ҳڹвŷ֣ʵǸ֣һε񣬱µһ֣ĿľΪɱҹ
˵ѣҸҹǵһμ棬ôܻɱҪרŲȥɱڲǰŴ׹ػĵģ˵Ѿ˻ң˵ҪǲϣɱңҲԸ⣬ǾʹҵֽţǱƲżװӦǣһҪʥһ˵ϳǣҺҸ׾Բưոݵģ
ǺǣˣˣҵȻ֤ݣҹõҪŭ磬̰㿴׿ڳϵģǿȥƵû١
ҹֻó沥ŵɽĵĶԻֻǰһΣʱĻΪԼռžϷ磬ȫҹסˣЩ˵úȻ
ֻĻٸǰһԱȣɫɾѿˡ
Ҳ֪ҹʲôʱԼ¼񣬿һ׼һأˣˣ
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ֻӣǱѾóȫûٺۼȷʵ¼Ľ
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ʯˣҹȴ档
ʯӵһС˵Ǹõĵһʯˣͷ򵽵ĵڶ飬Ҳⶫ˺ü
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ƴƴĶҹһξã⿿׬ʯòҲе׶
ܿʰһԼ飬ҹĨһûеˮֿǸˣôƺ
AͿˡ΢ЦشȻһš
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AһҹİƵóʱĻǸٳ֣ܺµСڽӣҹĻ棬һȭһţǽһҡ
ҿƴƴڱģҪûнҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɣҹֱ׳˵Ƶȥɡ
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AһʱûиҹĽ࣬СӸոջǷת۾ѩӱˣϢǲСģ˵ʲôѩţɱкϵ
ǰԼӵװǱɱ˵˽ٳˣȻȥұ۸ǽһҰҹǲףҪõʱϵҿ¾ˣһɱҵħߣΪҵıĿ꣬ʥ깫Ĵѵһ𣿡
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ʥ깫ȷҪһ˵ԺЩԱ˭ȥ񣿡ȻԱõȴᶨվҹһ߶


079 ʯˣ
Ϊҹ˵úܶԣһ޴⣬ϵܶ˰Σľ޴⣬ʥ깫ζϳеĻҲûʸˡ
Ǳ߶ҹѾڲţĽԼһΣɱ˺ʥ깫Ҳ˵˳
ҹAAһ΢΢صͷ
¶˵ȷʥ깫Σոճкܶ಻ƵĵطǰڶķˣҲ̫ϸˣŻ©ȷǼȥĵġ
ǰӵʱСӻΪϸһǸȦˣô͸оôأ
ҳϣʥ깫Ĵ󣬡AŵģҪȻҲˣʲôǶĽܣǲ֪Ҫôأ
ֻҪһ˵ҹ˵
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첽߳ȥʼͨ绰
Ƭ֮Aֻصҹõ飬ѾʾʥһλˣҲǱʾϵǸ⣡
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Ȼǣʥ깫Ҳ̾ƶȣǿԱ飬ͶԷʵ飬ٳ⣬Aһ£ٽ˵ε飬Ϊ˱ʾʥ깫λǸ⣬ǾҪ˫⸶ǵĽ
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ҹȴһӣΪʯҵĵﶼǸĸˣƵҪ𣿡
˰ɡA룬ĵﱾǲȱģϵİΪôȽϺأ
⳥ҹ˵
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ǺǣðɣɡAҲֻЦˣǾĿʯŵҩ
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ҹƲ죺ǵĹ̫ϸˣոĽǹʧְ⳥һ𣿡
аɣAãصͷðɣոǸ˵ֲġһεõ˳ַӣ治پȥˣоеΣҪʯǵҩ
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ҹЩƮ죬õԼĸо
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A˱ֱ߳߳ȥɵúǺЦ
һԻϲԩңAҡͷЦ벻ҹйעСЩر𣡡

صʱүүԵǲڼңҹҲżõϢҲֻ֪һ㣬ɱֲٿػˣȴ֪ǲǵЩٿػˣɱ֮С
һ仰˵ԷǶɱܲᱻ֪˵Щٿػ˶ɱ˵ģֻռһС֣ҲӦûɳ񣬶һԼô׾͸ɱˡ
ЩǲĵطҹҲûһͷүүˣҲһ˽⵽ʲôΨһеչľ֪ɱˣ˶ѡ
ȥҲûţڵҲڷĴѰҩģЩͨﶼ򵽣һЩϡеģҪҪݵҩģͲܴͨҩһӴȫˡ
ЩҩľǶԷУϵҩģ˵ɱһţһ㶼׵ȥ
õݵҩֻ֣ҲûҪر𳤣ĻеѶء
ҩ׼ˣҹҲûмȥǸͷȻԷ˵ԼҩģǱߵҩҲͿ쳤ˡԷȻǵ͹ҩٶˣֻʱ䣬ǳ˴ҩҲȥ
ҹҲżڼţÿεĴ֮󣬾õõʯ
ͷ򵽵ǿûжǰļŶˣֻСʱģֻðǿҲϣյʱϸûǰǡ̻ʡ
֪ʯò֮ƺҪϧһǺŷ֣ôʯļֵӣҲͷſˡ
Ǽšӵ󶼱һҲûе֬񣬿սȷ֮ڰʯչУʯҲһӶòʲôʯøӴˡ
⼸̫֬СˣҲֵʲôǮҹֻǿۣͰԺ˵׹ʲôģҲǲӡ
ڴͷ򵽵ʯҹ⣬һʲС밡
ЩȤĻҹ治ðⶫˡʱҲŰɣȺʵĻ˵
ôһǼֳȥˣҹᣬѾ޺óĿˣһ·ͷļ
ľͷҹš
˵ľ˶ľͷҹҲôˡ
Ӵҹˣ˵ôҩѾ죬ٲõĻɾ˷ˣľͷһʱ
Ŷô죿ҹʱҩûгأȴԼȻˡ
ϵҩ԰һɲǣԭֻߵСҩ磬Ѿ˱һ߶ߣ̵Ҷӣȥͺǵ̵ɵһ˵˵ҩģ¶ҪⶫƷˡ
ҩϵҲȴǰŨ˺ܶ࣬Ϣûб䡣
һҹٴοľͷۣ̫ˣҩĵֶΣɲһİҪ˵ʲôֲĻҹеŵġ
ǰҪô˵ҩأǺǣľͷЦţЩҩҩǶˣЧǾԺ޵ġ
ǺǣҩˣҹǰҩùľͷͿˣǿɶҩ
ٺ٣ҩǻᣬοɲҩô򵥣ҪҩľͷЦЦصӣϴβŸ˵ˣҪҸ˲Уľͷҿһҩ£ûҪȻҲͲõҩˡ
û⣬ҹһۣԼûаô˵ҲǸֵ˵Ҫôˡ


080 ҩ
ľͷҲ˿ᣬس޵ҹСϱƯţƷ䰡
ٷϻˣãҹһ£úԼòܲһ
ѽԭãϧûһӣȻƴҲҪϱľͷһ߶һ߶׼ȥˡ
˭Ҳû⻰վһ˵µʱʵ̫࣬Ѿľˡ
󹦷ľͷﻹܱضһɫǹϣ滹˻ҳҲ֪Ƕ೤ʱ䶼ûó
Ǵ˵УЩҩĹߣҩҩķϻͯҲҪľͷֳ֣صı飬һҪʽһҰҩķﰾƣŽȥݵʱ
ˣҹʡ
źе̫ˣ򵥵е˾ò׶
ľͷҲԥһ£ؼǣᷢʲôҲ֪
ҹ
һû׶¶Ӧûô򵥣ܱɵҩĻÿ߶ܱҩʦˡ
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ģҹʡ
һ£Ը֪˵һ󻰣ֻҪ˵ľһո˵û˿ԥǡԡҲǡҾáֱ˵ҿԡ
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ϸʱŷľͷĶȻͨĸɲ񣬶һЩɹɵҩݡ
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ΪⶦҩܳɣľͷҲƴˡ
ŶԷŵı飬ҹ־ǲԼˣľͷһҩֶεͷ
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ǿ쵰ʯǺ⣬ǿʥ깫ĸӵ֮ҹѾʶܡԡ쵰ѾĪҸˡ
ҩһǰСʱľͷʱشյǰߣһζһҲΪһƣŵúܣҲϸĵؼ¼ŷһС
ˣѾͷھͰҩţ֮ͰҩôľͷΪһ£㵽ʱԼŰɡ
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ҹЦһ£һץѶÿսƤȻڣǵֿ˵ȴǱȳ˺öˡ
ҩһҿƮҩʱ˾һ𣬺ڴ˯ˣͻȻһ˷ܼһͷԶǱˡ
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֪Чôҹתͷľͷһųܷܲϻͯ
ľͷȴҡҡͷڵ˵ҩҪҩһ𣬲ܷϻͯأֻһ֣϶ûǸЧţٿ϶û⡣
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ҩϵҲҹǾȣһЩͨҩĵĴ֮ҩϵԶԶ֮ǰҪöˣҲ˵ҹҩеĻֱӳԳҪʺ
Ҳֻܸ֪ҩҪ˵ҩЧʲôȥҲ֪⸱˿ڶԶϵ壬ˣ߶ǲͬġ
԰ɡǰһţŵ
ҹľͷ֮ҲתͷҩӦȷʵٹܣ٣ҪĻǶ˵ļã˵ĲĻҩҲõģͿĨ֮˿ڻƣ̵ʱڸԭӣָܻһ˵ļֵ⣬ȻﲻϻͯЧϸ΢޸ʤκһݵҩƷǻױƷ
Ҳܸоҹɻ
Ҳһ㶣ȷʵܸо
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ͷһˣҪˣһϰأľͷ֣˵Ҳֻһֳݣûа취ϻͯٸĨһϰٵģǿɾ鷳ˡ
˼ⶫӦʺŮõģСҩǿʲôģҹЩΣļ˵Ѿͨ͸˼£ʲôˣҲʶʲôŮ˭ҩأ
¡ѡ
ҹһЦҲ֪ЦȻһЦ˼ҲûУˣǶҩҶԸԡ
˵ֻȻˣҹһʱ۾ˣæֻͨ
ˣӲӣõ
̸ҩҹһ٣̸ĿڣԷ
һ쾩ءõƵ
һСʱ͵ˡҹ
õҧȻһò˵ԼԷҲͷһΣŮԷҪе
ȥԶٷҪһСʱĵΪвõ߷ߵ
û£ҩҹ˵ˣȥ쾩԰ɣĶң쾩Ҳ졣


081 ëǮС
õˣһСʱȥԷһСʱĳԼԷǵȻָоˡ
˵쾩꣬Ǹ⳵˾֪õ˵
ҪҵĽడݣҹ
쾩ôҹȻ֪쾩ǷǶأˣһһ˶۵
õ͵͵һЦŲŽͣ쾩ԱߣһСؼҡСݣĲƷúܲģҲܱˡ˵ôôŶŮԶٷҲôʹ죬ٶ˵ҲȥˣԼ԰ɡ
룬˵쾩Ա߶ˣȥ쾩¥ⷹҲóԲǣǶҰɣһ͵
ҹ̾ͷҸҩԼ˲װ
õͬѧΪҹĿССһ£ҪԷﻰƻаҹĳ嶯
ҩһ£ٸľͷ˸кҹʹֱվˣ֮ѳȥԼȥ쾩
Ǹ쾩ôĻʵҲòһСʱžʮҲ͵ˡ
ҹ˵վһ⳵
Ķ˾ذ¼Ƽ߱ʵ
쾩ꡣҹ˵ŵַ
ϣţ˾Сͳˡ
һ·ϳ˳û󹦷򣬳Ӿʻ쾩ǰ
ͯһСܹҹţλ
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ȻĶԷļԷһΰıӰ
ͯҲ󣬿ҹһԶתһСݶŷӦԭλ˵
ɣëǮǼ˼
ͯЦõţͷҪĶһء

ҹֺر𣬽ؼҡСŷõšȴûе
绰ȥԷܾȵصôôϾ͵ˣֻǸպö³
ҹЦ쾩³Ȼܴ󣬵ܱӺǱ߸ϹҪöɣУҶҲ٣㲻Ҫ۸Һòã
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СԷҲֻܹ࣬߰ӣʱҹֻҲΪǷԭ
ҲֻһԱŲʮ꣬˵ƯǺгŮ˵ζһۿȥʵӣǷԱϰ
һǸǮ˵ϰ壬ˣŮ˻ǵԱȽϺʡ
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٣Сӣ⻰ǵõЦشϰ˵ϹҪˣŮˣϧôõζ
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Ǻǣôţȴһûиı̬ȣ⵱ģֶŮǳԻˣո˵ô㶼Уǿɾͺðˣм¶ҿ˺üˣӽ֮ǰڳûиı͵һͷǺǣֻҪͷұ֤Ժˬúܣ
λ磬һӣʲôҵģͱȥˡǸˣֱʱԥǰ˵
㲻ϰ𣿡ɿ˿Էָ۹ⰡôһŮˣǲԺˣ͵͵ȥҸ˵ûǿܣ˼ҿһŮӾС֣һݰŪ˺һǺü꣬ģ⼸˶ŮˣҲкô춼ȱ˳ԷˣԺÿ춼һ¡ġ
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Ǻǣϰ壬ΪǸˣǿɲǻڵģǶˣɲձѵĻ죬ԷˣҪǮǻøǮأɣȸһһˮ˵ô໰ˡһͷٿϰһۣѶԷ䵽һ߶ȥ


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ЦЦ裬ߣ˱ŮҪ뿪
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ιϻǲˣ˰ͷˣëûţ˰
Ÿոһڵ˻վָ㣬ǸԱ˵ľ㣬˶ûϣȥĶ벻㣿ʣɲˣ㻹ߵĶȥ
΢΢һ£ԭΪﶼǷɵˣڲŷָոյ˵ǸСӻڡ
ҲǴˣǼ仰ţŮΣգһ뵽ɫҲ˲ѿ
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Ҫܣõûذ˶ԷһۣԼѡ·ȻһûУû۹⡣
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ǺǣСӣ˵ûᡣɴȥҹ˵˼ʲô
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𣿡ҹҲЦҪ֪ǸʲôŮˣ֪㣬Ϊˡ
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083 ͰŮ
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ǣҶ˵ǣţҹҲŸͣҲһŮ𣿼ȲͣҲ
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һĺ뵽ԺӲ֪ҪôԼŮΣգҲ֪ͻȻһֻ豭ˤϣץƬɣݺݵԼϻȥ
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084 ǰĹ˾
ǽӵٱ˳ǹףԭزַŵϡ
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ʶǸŮ˵ͷµЩˣ˺ϷǹѾ˵ˡ
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һߣõôҲʼ
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ֱƭһʸɷֱƭ֮Ѿ취أԼһ·һǳˡ
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ȴҲ㵽ͷϣΪ϶ڿӺԼԳ֮һֱһᱨȴ֪ܵǡǰ췽ɴ·ȴͻѾõ˽һĻ
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ôһ˵ȤõθҲҹŪʲô顣
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085 Сҩ
Ǽ֤漣ʱ̣ҹǺһЦֹȥǵ˰һң⻬ļʱ˵ǰ
˰̣˺۵λãԱߵĶҪۡΪԱ߻մѪգ벻һ˺۵ġ
ԼǴõȵŲµʲô
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ĺˣЩŵԼһ˺۵ĸоûУ⻬ϸ۵˳Ծ
ϰ壬ҩʵ̫ˣҩʲôˣúܺðɣҲЩص
ҩƷҵģܶ˶ΪûԼЧҩȱգҹЧõҩûмǴû
ȱ𼤶ҹȻЦЦҩЧĻҪãٰҩˣӦþʲôҲˡ
͸ûԥˣӹǰҩ裬ȥ
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⻰û˵Լˣ˵˵ֻҲʣԺҹûзĵĻˡ
ȥʰһ£ϰ壬ȵһ¡˵žźˡ
ĿһҩƷ˾õʱŷӦԺǲǾͲܳˣ
˾ǿˣҹƲ˵ͷҲָ֪ҪûʲôҵĻǲ˼ģʱ˾ԽⲻǾһϽȥʲôģʱˡ
ԭ㶼Ǵӽ˰õʧЦȻҩĺܺãô͸оҹĹ˾ܲ׶أҩĺܺãҶҪԳԿĸоˡ
˵ʵոǿҩ׼͸ģݵģͱƯˡҹ
ҹõɱ磬⻰˵úܳһ
ˣҹæת⡣
õܵתͷȥȻŮ
⡭һЩˡ
֮ǰҲʱ϶ǸŮǱϾѾµĺۼڶ̶̰Сʱʱ䣬Էֻǳ˰ҩϴһ۽ǵϸƶʧˣ˶˼꣬ͺзϵʱԵøעĿˡ
ϵƤոտʱ򣬻Ϊǵ˺޸ԭ򣬶ԱЩͬȫù⻬ϸۣɫֲ˹û˹һ̥ǡ
ҩ㻹𣿡õѾѸղŵȫˡ
ûĸŮ˻ԱøƯеִʲô䣬ʲôԸ
ողǸҩ͸İڱˣȻûˡҹ̾˿
Ҹȥǣõ˵
ҹҡҡͷҲûˣҩ϶Ƕһ޶ģΪôŪ

һʱҲҪôصҩˣҪôȥر˼Ұ
Уһҩ˾õϵһȻǹˡ
Ȼⶼƭ㣬Ǹ׼ġҹһЦִӻͳµСӡ
õ΢΢һ죬ò⻹һкӵȻеǿȵģȻҹѾ׼ˡ
Ǳȴһҹ˵ǱϰȻ֡
㻹Ǿɣԥһ£סС˵Ҳ֪ʲôˣңɱ˸ƭˡ
ллϰ壬ҵ۹ûġЦЦܾ˶Է
ʵҲЩ޿κΣҲ֪ϰԼͼֻɫСԲŻһֱûʲô
֮ǰԼݣԼŸߣڿԼˣȴǰÿ᲻÷ˣֻǸЦ
ò˵ϰҲǰҹõŮĹˡ
ˣһСЦЦܿ˵վ
ιôˣҹϾҪߣõͻȻʡ
ҩǸ𣿡ҹʡ
õûзҽʲôһ𣿡
ҹһ¶Է졭ͦ˧ġ
ҪЦҹˣŮ˾޴תۣҲźǿԼλϰ壬ŮӵǺľͷ
˧õȻûн⣬ֻ׷ʡ
ǹĶ˧ҹӦ
أõ΢΢죬ʱӺȹӣҹǵġ
ҾʣҹɻصǹĶ˰
åõŤͷˣҲǡ
ϰ壬Сϲء̲סѵ
ϰˣҹƺǺ⣬ССҹԡ
ǲ̫ʰһǽܰɣҲ˳ڡЩвڡ
ɣҿܺܶʱ򶼲ڹ˾ҩҲǸոճʲôûߣЩӦֵģԽʱ䣬ܻȽæҹ˵
ʵǺܶʱ򣬶ǴûȥǸνĹ˾
ܷİɣһŬõġصͷ
裬裬ҪʲôСЦЦſɰСԴҹҪаְ𣿡
˵æȳŮҪ塣
ãЦЦرϲ壬ΪᱣҺ裬ЦЦ֣ص˵ţЦЦҲ嵱ЦЦİְ֡
ֻεҡҡͷ⣬⺢ӴСҳ˺ö࣬˵ְֻͻᱣǣǡ
ǺǣûϵҹǺϲСŮŷôˣҳԼСŮֵϲȻİְ֣ǻһ۸ǡ
ΪʲôЦЦİְأЦЦСԴʡ
ΪղǸ̲һ԰ֻЦŸŮˡ
ŶЦЦʧЭˡ
ҹҲûȥʲôΪʱעⶼһ˵ϡ


086 Ǹǿ
һ·⳵ģҹҲûע⵽˸٣ǵվʱЩٵˣ׾ͱʶ֮֡
ǵȵȣվﲻҪȥȥҹһ¡
Ҳ֪ҹҪʲôҲûжʡ
Ϳҹ󲽳һȥչȥ֮ûӾתʲôҲûзһһȥ
ֻ˭Ҳûз֣ԭǸսиѾ˯
ܣӺ񱻷ˣڡһ˶ֻ㱨û˵ѾǶҡҡҲˡ
ιιǵ绰ǶüͷһȺͰ˶ס
ܣ绰ﴫһԲǸ£ӦѾ֣ʵ֮ǰǲûйۣҲòһ£ڳҩҵˣòҪٴ⣬Ļ´οɾûôõ´ҶֻɾͲֻǹôˣǿʵȴûУҲǿ񡣡
ɻûü˵绰ѾҶ
ȻвӣɰֻϣʱֻĻֱˣҲô쵽ڵģ
߷ŭʱλҹֻļһһֺõؿҹǸҿ𣿡
ȥĶˣҹʵ
˲ˣŶұûиЦ
㻹ʱЪɡҹľһã˼Ҳ˯ˡ
鿴һ£ûٸˣҹĸŮ˵
Ҳ·ɲ鵽ԼĵַֻҪһ¶Էϴ⣬ûкùӳԣȻ˿»ǻͷɧǿɲ뿴ġ
˵ԼǾȥɣҪǲ鵽ԼˣƲ˵ʲôҲҪⶼ鲻ҲͲֵȥעˡ
ļ죬ǺƽعȥˣҲ֪ҹνĹ˾жôոտʼˣ˾֮⣬еĶûһȫġ
Ŷʵ˵˶ȫһ˾ֻԼһԱҹᡢľͷЩ˵ϰҲУ˵ǿԱҲԣǲ빫˾Ӫκζҹ˵˾жҪֻܿһˡ
ҲһЩӪľ飬ڿʼҩƷĳϱȽ˽һЩ֪˶ҲôãȰҩˣֻҪҩУ϶ܿ򿪾棬ʱ˵ƸԱɡ
ҹ֮ͬ˼Ů⹫˾и棬˿һ̯Ӱɡ
Щҹһ˦ֶȥˣͬԼİʮʽҲһϡ
ȸжԷΣ־ԼļϵĵӺأôõҩôϰ壬ҪĻɾ̫ҹˡ
һξǼ£ܿͽøƽҹÿ̶ƴԶҩ֮⣬ȥ԰ȥҿûʯ
ƷѾùˣҲûϴʯõ˼񣬽ҹҲûҪ˵ҩ
˵õΪͣҪЩԴ֧֣ôСʯҹҲЩۡ
ҩƷ˾Ǳ߶ЩչҹΪ衱ҩƷѾ뱸ڿ׼ˡ
ʱȴԥò˵һܸɵŮˣԼƺ;Ӫľ鲻࣬Ȼѳ賴ĵ㣬Ҳ벻ʵĵӡ
Ǿ͵ȵȣֲǮԷҹԭ
ҹô˵ôҹǲ̫ѹԼȴΪԼӰ쵽ڳҩҵǰ;
˺ܾãջǾȿʼۣгķӦ˵͵Ͷʯ·ˡ
ȻǶˣ߸߶·ߣǿ϶ģôõҩðһǮһǿɾͿˡ
Ƕߵļ۸ʣһԽ⡣
ʮ򣡡ҹһȷĴ𸴣ֻǰһλһλ֮ĻһһǹĻ򡣡
Цˣܣôߵļ۸񣬿һŶȥϾҩǴ򿪾ʱһ̧̫ˣͲȥԵġ
Ҳ˵ǰһʮ򣬺̧ۣһֻǳģĻǣҹʹٸһ⣬ҽʱֱӸߴң첻Ǽۡ
᲻̫˰ǵġ
ߣӸ߾ͱ򰡣ҹǺЦֻҪһҳзˣ֮Ĵǵ꣬㣬Ҳѹ̫󣬳ⶫԶҲҵģһʼҪñҿһڵۣһٿΪޣٶˡ
ֻһٿŰɣӻ
ǰҪҲûСҹһ죬һӣôˣڲˣźȥɡ
ΣֻðҹĻˡ
Ľ֪ûȣҲ۵ûһʱ䣬ǳ쾩ͺ۵㣬ȴֻȸûС
û취ͷĸƷЧ߻ױģǳһյͷһγܸһŮʮ䶼
ҪһļλҲȥһ£ʮһҩ裿ҲЩ̫ԩͷ˵ɣ
һ£˾Сﶼ֪⹫˾һɵǮ࣬˾ǮȻҲᵣʲôһһ
һȴһһøˡ
ӢǸ˾ѾʼӮˣٿҹǸڳҩҵʱӣǱˡ
裬һҩ˻ָഺֱһЦ
ʲô첻ǼۣǲǼ۶û򣬵ɣ
ôһ뷨
ʲôʽ𻨹𣿡һαʾԼĵǣҪҪ۵ʱҹֻôʡ
Ǯûл⣬ڳҩҵЩ棬ǳ֮⻹ûʲôǮĵط˾ԼĹ̶ʲҲûʲôģСÿ˷ǧ飬СҲǸո£Сþˡ
ôάȥǸ¶̲סҪˡ
һþӪ϶øáô˵
þͺܺáҹȴҡҡͷںܶ˶֪ǵĳ衣
˵͸Цˣ֪ǲ٣ǴҶЦһЦÿ춼˹עţǵĹ˾ʲôʱ򵹱ա
˵ʱ򣬴ͻȻǵҩҩǻʲôҹʡ
һ£漴ף԰ҪʵһᣬҩЧװ׵չڴҵǰֻҪһˣôǰֵЦԽ֮ЧͻԽ䶯
ô죿뵽ЩЩѾЩƻ
ʲôҲҹһ£ְֵǼۣʮһţǲ֪ʲôʱǼǸǿ


087 ۻ
ûԥԼоҹȻûȥ˾ʵʮ˽⣬ôúܣȻھûԼϤΪһߣԼϸ
Ŷˣ˾ԱûʲôɣǣԺһҩȥ˾ҲᵹǮᰴôҲҪйǣСǮһǳġҹЦ
ҾܻԸ˵ʿ˸ҲЦ˾ļŮҪǮԵܵ׳ʲôӡ
˵Щʱ򣬸ȷҹʵһֱŹ˾ķչֻѾأԿŻʲôһ
ţ˵Ҳеҹص˵ͷҾȥһ£ǹ˾λĶţ
ͷʮȣðɣոյĶǴȷûôĹ˾
˵ţҹֻˣȴģҹҲе⣬λõòƻûҹԼɣ
ø磬æ𣿡ʡ
ţеԸˣڳǼ۵鿪أҹʲô¶𣿡
ûһˣȻҪǼ۰ⴿǱ¿˵ӣӵġ
ǺǣҲûʲô¶쾩һۻᣬ֪ܶ̽ﶼȥμӣҸø˵һ£۾˸ϷʵĹâһûᣬøڰڳҩҵҲЩЩ˽Ӵһ£ôǺܶģԺ⣬ЩǴкôġ
ŶҾȥɣҹڴӦһ䣬ûʲô¶͹Ұɣ
һ£Ҳ֪ҹģĵġ
ҹңҶңôţ˳ֹˣ
ôȥ𣿡æʵ
Ǻǣֻ᲻ȥҹƳѾ˰ɣҲѸոյͷЦʱŶȥʲô飿
̫ˣҲ룬֮⣬ʱûУȻȥᣬҲǳķݶм
ǺǣˣǸҴٵݣֻҵļţûġЩ⡣
Ϊ湫ϵҴү֮⣬ûбˡ
ֵصҹʱҲɻҹܣҪȥ
ôõĻᣬȻҪȥˣҹЦЦ˵лǵĳء
ܾõܡЩ⡣ҹݣҲ֪һЩȻҵĴ˵ûɫʱڳֻ¡ºӡ󡣡
˵úίʵҹȥܴ֮ΪڻһЦҹߣڳҩҵĻܣȻҲųһЦ
ڹڳϳ棬ڸ˳ЦԼĻ
˼ҸɣҹЦʵҲû⡣
ҹ⼸񣬻дɱ˵Ϣ֮⣬Ҳһûйעҵ顣
ѾӢʾ£һҩƷ˾˾ҲѾʼӮЩϢҹ֪ģҲ׶ԷǴʲô⡣
Щҹʲô
ҪҹţõҪȻҲҪˡ

ѳͣſڣҹʱ̰򿪳š
үү˵е飬һԼȥᡣҹã̾㱨
ţ߰ɡҹ֪첻һ
ֱȥ𣿡ʡ
ãȥվҹ
ȥμ᣿ǲе̫ɶ
ͷ϶Ʈ쾩뺣ǲԶǵȥ϶Լר쾩ۻĵطֻһվصģҲȥμӰɣôҪӰ
ү˵ʹүȥһЩҪҹٵģãôš
ҹתͷ˿ŵţү˵òҿʺϵ˾ȥɣ˵˵ġ
ү֪̾ԼĶˣæҹͣүҴˣԺһԼıݡ
߰ɣվҹҲû˵һҪôַֻԸһµ
ҹ֮󣬰һ˭Ҫǰҹһ׵竣Ǿʹˣʵоүһ𣬶ҪöԸ
͸绰㱨ҹȥ쾩顣
쵹Ҳû⣬ҹһȥǲҹմĹ⣬ҪҹģԼλġ
ҹôȥ쾩Ǹ޹ؽҪŶˡ

쾩
쾩һҺεľۻᣬҲѡ쾩£Ҳʵ顣
ֺͣռݣƽ㹻ĵطȴԵЩˡ
뾡ְ취ΪЩĳõһƵذãû취˭Щˣһﲻء
ͷʱ򣬾Ϳһ⳵յؾȻҪεͣȥ
ʲôҰһƽֳȥھ͸ˣҴҶæýͷöֳ˵鶼ûˡ
ǳҲʶȤûͣ壬ֻǵǰͣ£һˣһڴͳһŰԪֵݵ
Ǯʮʮˣʮ顭
ⶼУŶ
ԻֱñǴ۾ˣӦǶʮǮѣֱһ˦ƱȻקһ䲻ˣŹ
ǰһô£ǮҪ˼ƽһ£˵öעⰡ
ۿѾŴѾһ·Ϣע֮أ͵ﴳʱʱ¡
ǵûУҹͣ½Ųſڵıʵ
û뵽ôһʣһ㶾ͷӦѾˣҪȥĻҪʾһ뿨
ҵˡ
ܽ䱸ţҹ˵һ仰֮󣬾ֳˡ
ǶһִոյжЩԣ˲Ҫģ˵˼뿨õģʶ٣绰ٰȥ
ȻЩȴǲ֪ʱѾֻػˡ
ҹֵܣ𣿡ҹոһתͷɻԭ㣬ɰ
ơҴ
ԷɫʱˣⶼʲôǣҴǴһ
ȳҹһˣҲⲻڷ԰ԼǸô
û뵽㻹ǵңϴζлҵĴæȻһʱһҲôõĶˣȳʶǸЦǼү˵͸ҵģ˵´㣬һҪ㵽
Ǽү̫ˣ˵ҲͣİҹҲЦˣ㲻ҪǮİɣɶˡ


088 Ϊ
ˣֵͲҪǵСǮˣȳæ֣Ҷܿóֶʵռ˴ˣǼүһֹռ˱ˣǿǼƷеļƷүҲǼʯ˵ƷĶǿ̫ˣһû˵أǸ޼֮Ҫ˵һ¶Ǽֱ̫ˡ
ǺǡҹҲûж˵ʵʯһϲͨģȳôһ˵ǿǼֵ߳ǡ
ҹţҪǿԼһ飬֪Ƽҵүӻ᲻ֱӸιȥˡ
Ϊ˼ҵİȫǲҪ֪ĺá
ֵǡˣȳҹӡǼõģɲΪҹǲԼ
ʱ˳ߵļ۸񣬾ٲҲ֪ܲǮٰɣҹΪԼ˵һ͸үӺٵģҪʹ쵽̶ֳȣ̲סҪύ
ҪˣڲˣһɡҹҲȳҲҪμģȻǸһˡ
ҪȵǼһμȻȲңҪ˵μҿҲǷǳģСڶԼͽҪֺ¶Ȼ֮ء
ȻҲ벻ҹΪû뿨ԲŻԼȥֻϴθҹ˺ӡȻҪƴذӡ
һߣӱ뿨ûпֱ˽ȥˡǲʶҹʶȳܸȳĵô˵ġ
ںûֱߣǷǵҪְӳȥɣҪԺӿɾûˡ
ֵܣ޵еúã㿪ʯͷܿ˱߱˵Цţȳҹûб˽⣬ȻǴʯˣ´ֺöֵĻһҪǵкһ
ȳҲ÷ִ磬Ȼҹܴ󷽣ҲûҪԷʲôöһˣֻ˵кһҹҪȥҲлõģһ˶Կ
İɣлġҹء
ȳʲôݣϴûȥģھһĿȻˡҹ뿪Ҽ꣬ЩҲһİԣ쾩Ĵ壬ȳһݳȻļƣ϶쾩Ƽҵˡ
Ȼҹûȥͽᣬȳ˸ӡҲύһµȷǶкôġ
ˣȳ۾һ
ҹ̬ͷ˺ûȳԼûʲôֻƼҵүǿǳϲʯģƼҵĵӵܣŷүӵĸˡ
ϴǿȳ˴ͷټϱϾӪþͺܳɫƼүӿǶ൱⣬Ͳûֱһεļѡˡ
쾩ƼҸļ廹ЩһλõڶƼүӵүѾȷرʾλӲٴڶֱӻڵѡһ̳ƼңүӵĻǰٷְٵɱ
˵ʱͻȻвǰȳк֮£ֻȥӦЩˡ
ֵܣһģǧǰ߰ȳתǰҹ
ҹ˵ͷԹ˸طϢȥˡ
ͬʱѾõϢҹȻƼҴүһˣⲻ찵ҹ˹ʺˡҲ˶ѣҹܵﻹǺˬġ
˰ɣֻ½֮첻޶š
˵òǴү棬û֪ǺҵˣȻҲû׽ˡ
Щ쾩ӰˣʱҲȥԼȦӣƽѵһȥкڴܸԷһӡպнӴģҲ˵һЩ
ڻһУһװĵˣĵԱһŮָš
λǺ֣ҵ֣Ԫ֣ںǣǸҲе֮һ֣ԪҲ֣ҼĳӣϧѾδޣҼӢŮ¡
ٿǸǸǺμҼĴã˴ǰȻеѧȴǳãҲǼǴ󲮵Ⱥˣμû˼̳ˣҲ˳λˣ˻ڽţμȻȲ֣ңǱҵʵȴҪǿö࣬СȥӴһ»ȽϺãӦǺ׸㡭
˻ڼ˵ʱȴߵŮѾˣɵһá
˳Ů·ߣԶһʽˣˬˣԼո˵ĿɶȻˣÿӦöЩҵףҪȻҲҵʵҪҶȲϵˣαȥĽύǡ
Сüֱ֪һ϶û˴ֻ֪ԶˣȥԱ
ҿ𣿡
ҹеسŶͻȻϤ̧ͷʱȴһ¡
⣿㡭ʲôʱ쾩ҹȵŮӦ
Ҳ˵ǻټģһܿټЦţҹλ£ģȻطŵ
Ǻǣ㲻ңר쾩ҵİɣҹȤǧѰ򣿡
ˣȴûзֱʲô쾩ǱʶȷһԭΪҹ
Сã㲻ҪߣȻۻᣬҲųЩˣƭƭȵġ
⻹û˵Աȴһüͷ塣
ã쾩ҵ̲˴ŵؿҹȻԸ߶ԷոЩλ߾ͣ
磿ҹû̲ȿһ⡣
˵Ҿ˾˼ҵĺӣȴǺܲӵҡҡͷҸ̫졣
̲ɲˣһ˵ͦģҲһŮȻױãǴҲӰ
֮ŷ֣ñÿҪദˣǸ˵ʮ仰ҲѵܻӦһ䡣ҸոԼ˵ô࣬ǸҪôҵŮˣȻһֶûȥһûʲô۵СӴ̼Լ
˵ԼĹϵȻҲá˵֣ѵ㻹Ҳģ
ڳҩҵҹҹȻɻΪʲôһգ̾˶ԷȻҲܲϲģʲôҪ𣿡
̲ûǺţô˵ǿұߵ̫һ£ҵģʲôͳȥˣúô޸߹Ƶġ
ףﲻԣ
̲һĥʵ˵ĶڳҩҵǸڳҩҵ𣿡
ҪҩĻǺܱǸǳҩҲΪˣԴұʾźҹϧ˵


089 䲻ҩ
ԭǸЦŪģֱ̲ЦҲ֪ôŪҩȻʮһţ˰ɣ
̲ܴ󣬺ЩΧ˼Ȼһɤ֮󣬺мתͷ߷ʲô
ҪѶͷԣҲò˵Ϣʵ̫ˣΪѾΪгҪ˶ʮһţϢʮͷҹϸһ¶ԷͻȻЩΣˣԺǶעѶˡ
̲ͷð̶Ǽ˼˵ͷѾû
Уô˵ţ̲۾תת㣬ĳ赽һ˼ţ
ҵܣˡ档ҹЦЦð˸ظˡ
һŶûȥ˼˵ɣ̲ȴǴЦ˵
ֺܶ뷨ֻһУҹƵᣬ˿ûܵ⻰Ӱ죬һ˶ûж⻰˵Ȼⲻ㣬Ƚر𡣡
㡭ֶ̲ĻԼĶеõġ
ĿѾﵽˣΧܶ˶Ѿ֪ҹǸһҩ裬Ҫ۵ʮʮǸɵ
ǵȷһ·˰̲һ⣬ڳҩҵִҸʲ𡣡
𣿡ʡ
ǰտʼáҹش
֪Ļһĵһ˿ͣ⿪ʵЦţǸʱһΪƭء
ܶ˶ô룬Һܿͻ֪ˣҹҲЦˣҩĻʺ㣬㲻Ҫġ
ţɻ
ҪƤĸ⣬㡭ҹεҡҡͷ˵Ļһ˵ҵҩʲôЧҲûеġ
Цøˡ
Ưֱװһ𳵣ûһһ仰ôġ
ǵ˵ЦԱ߶̲ȴֱӿˣֱӾͰ˿ûûһ¡
Ŀ֮£ֻ̲Լӱ˺ݺݲһš
Ϊʲô쾩ҹҲԹֵ⡣
岻ãչһʱ䣬Ŀ̧һ£⡭Ҳ߿һˡ
ĸ쾩ҵˣҹʵ
ǰе̾˿ϴһ˿䣬ҰΪ˸һ𣬴ӦԺĺɼǻûߵ󣬺Сʱң쾩ңֻҰְȥʱŻȥһΡ
ԭҹû뵽⾹Ȼ
Ұȥ֮ĸһصߣҾܾˣԶҲᵽûи˵ô࣬ǿҹȴЩ̲סʹˣܲãϣ߶ңΪ˵ǸһҲûټޣһǻӦҲϣɡ
Ǹһ֪ҵĲ࣬Ͳô뷨ˣ̲ȴԱسһ䣬ùõΪɵŻǸ׵磬治֪ʲô⣬ǰ֮
̲˵һҸײصĻһڵģͻȻվŭݵ
㡭̲û뵽ôһͨĻҲķ
ҹվȴǸӲ
ðҵҪ˭̲ŭҪȥҹôͲź䲻ҩģ
ۻȻҾٰģĴǰҲ˵ϻģʲôڳҩҵֻƭӳȥӦֻ˵һ仰顣
ﻹûתأһֵܣԭأһȦˡ
̲뿴˭ôۣȻʱС߶գһһȥ
һתͷȳ߹ظҹк
ơ٣̲˸͡
ȳſԱŵ̲ǡǸ̲ɣ
ңǺǣƴٵļãǺͼһ档̲ά
ôֵܣʶȳ˿˵
ʶոλߴϵ˵Ҫҩġҹӵ
ȥǱ߶ЪҸֵܻеҪģͷ˵ȳǸ̲һ̨׶
֮䷢ʲôԿ˲Ըֿҹ˸ɫĴŮΪԴأ¶˭˵ʲôֻȰˡ
̲һҹȳ˵ϻҲûٸ֨ˣ䲻õĻȳһ͵ðٲһ顣
ΧЩҹڳҩҵˣЩڴſЦʱҲһ£ԭСӻôϵһҪҸȥ˵仰а
ڰעҹһֱ죬һ̫ʧˣһжеúúõģ˭뵽ؼʱȳðˣȻҹ϶úݺݵس
˴ӳȥǿǱȽ˴Ҫ˶ˡ
ҹðĲȳĻܴˣڣҲֻٿĻˡ
ǺǣֵаŮƯҶЩˣȳ˵õҲʵΪڳŮƯȻ٣ܸҹλȵģҲţҽһ£ģǲġ
⣬ѣҹҲһЦŽܣλȳӣӦ쾩ƼҵĴүû´ɡ
ǺǣҲûʲôҫģҹĵǣֻŮѵĻȳ뿪ЦҸղŵĻҪջصģҪһ
Բ𣬡ȴ΢΢һӣ΢Цסҹֱۣ˭Ҳߵġ
ҹ΢΢һ£Ǹصض˵ЩҲǺݺĶһ¡
һûгѾˣֵ̫ˣȳε̯̯֣ðɣģڡҾͲˡ
ҹǣ͸һ鼫Ʒ䣬֪ⶫҹҲǮˣϣܸҹһЩܼİ
Ĳ˵Ҫ˵ƼҰﲻæģǻ治ࡣ
ۿڵ£ҹ̸ǲŽмˣȻܶ඼Ϊ⣬ǵǰȴ̸飬̸£⣬ǺǷţ༰һ
ԺеǻᣬȳֻҹҪƬԼ뿪ˡ
̲һҹȳĹϵжãԼһߵʯˡ
ӣȳҲֻǹȥкֳϣкǺܳģֻҪʶģܼǵģȥкһ£ԼȳˣҲкһġ
ףΪʲôá¡̲ԼһƣúԼ治ҹһһҩ
٣ͻȻһߣǺǣҿ˵ˣٶһòɵıãôҽһ𣿡


090 ֤
̲²ˬһתͷղŵĲˬ̾Ժˣδٰ˵ﻰܸδٽʶĻǿұõĸ
ʹˣתĿ⣬֪λɱð
̲봫ԻûǸɫתûŮһ
ǿԣǸƢܹ֣»δ٣̲ɵôԤ룬ⲻˣΪԼǹģǿɾˣԾͿδٵֶˡ
ǺǣŮеСƢọ̃ôôϲأùŵ˵
δٹȻǺ˽Ů˰̲ЦָţþߣòƱһ۵ļһסˡ
Ŷĸ۵ĸҾҰ߳ȥüͷ
̲ﰵЦոȳ棬ԼʲôԼ¶ˣǵǺܺʵѡĵλǱԼҪʹöࡣ
ҲʲôһҩģǴǰұʶҲ֪ôŪһ뿨һճ˦˦̲ҡҡͷ㲻֪ұǸˣĵ̫һ˿̲סҪһѣͱǸһճסˣδɲҪֱӾˣұδ㡭
ﻹû˵꣬Ѿ󲽵سҹⷽȥˡ
ûǳ嶯ҪȥֱӰҹ˵ĻùƲ̫ϲˡ
ҲûϵֻҪÿϱãм棬ǷҲûõġ
뵽Щ̲üͣϣͣһưף򼸰ƣͷһ߳š
ҩģ㻹ţǸʶôΪôһŮˣڱүǰקˣ
ҲҵĴүעҪΪ˼棬޸˵ģ붼У˭ѡأ
̲ḻ֮£Ϳùϳ嵽ҹĸǰһ
٣治ǹģĳڸϾêˣҵʱġǸڰǸʷίСϱı顣
ÿɲװģԼߵˣǰμҲ󲮵Ӷҹ˳ͻֶĪرҹŪûˣҹĿ־ġ
ϴθҹͻʱŵòûһӣҹǳ𣬰ҲŪûˣıֺܲҹûвˣӡ󻹲һЩμҵү˵ˣΪͣǰ;
ôСС͸ʲôʱô飬ȻֻǸҹ׺˹ϵǹؼǼﶼϿ
μȻǿ󣬵ǸұǲĻһģǴλԵֻع֮͸û߶ˡ
ǺòףҹһᣬôĳӾȻêˣûҪըˡ
үĸӣǿڿ˰ɣ
Ǻǣ¶ҹμҵδүЩЦ˼ҺӸŵģɱ˿ħһ˵´лһ
̫øмԸӣһתͷ⣬ŷӦԭմŮĹⰡⲻУñʾһ°ǡɩӳ̫ƯˣϴǺø
΢΢죬ֻõ˵ͷǸԷкȻɵվҹߡ
ǸĽԵַһͨп;ͨ˵ڸǳֵطԼ˵û츳еޣӴţҲųҹûƯŮ˵˼νѹά˼ˡ
ҹתͷȥ⣬ֻ΢ֺƣȴһ֡һûа취ȥݣȴǳҸЦ⡣
ҹסԼ⵽ʲôоǲȥ׵ʱȴѾ֣סС֡
̧۾ҹ΢΢𣬴ŵ۵ƤȻϵЦŨ˼֣Է˼֡
һԸŸϹҪϷ̲ĿɿڴؿһĻûƴؿţҹӶЦֻҲԽԽ
⡭Ǿ籾򿪵ķʽ
ף̲Ҹһ£٣λ쾩ҵ̲Ҽĳӣҹڣλҹˡ
٣̲Щãظš
λٵŮѣҲɩˣòԣֻ̲ҹкˣžͿʼ⣬ͻȻʲôˣ̲أ˵ҲƯ𣬲Ҳ¿϶ǱȲٵŮƯ
̲Щεؿ˿⣬ұ⡣
ʲôþһ£Ǵɩ
̲ڣⶼʲôְ
һˣ¾̲ļ򣺡˵˰죬ԭԼ˰ˣո˵ãҲСǸҩĶҲٵŮѣòͷˣ
̲棬Ҵҹһۣ٣ġһе¶
֪ҹٵʥôˣô˵һԼǲˡ
ѲǸң̲´˸Ǹû˵ôһﰡ
ô˵ԶһͶˡ
ÿŶԷ죬Լţ̲˵ŻܸʲôС㣬ո˵иҩľ㣬ǧЩװ˸ƭ˰Ǹ˭ȥϴ
дɩǱȽһЩôƯôԵЩˣȨһ£ǾѳƺСϡ
ѾƭˡŽҹ
δ٣ôңҹǺһۣá
þǳٶҲ̾ˣܵؾ̲һ䣬뵽ҹǰôƺеãæְסǸ٣СţҲе¶̲ܣұ֤㡭
һֱڰעҹ죬ʱɫöѾѾƱˡ
ҹûг󣬷ԽԽ˶ע⵽ˣȻһһֱûжȳкǰװøһοһƯ񻰵Ů
˵Ůˣ͸ˣ쳡ƯĪһ˰ɣ仰ͱҹ㶨ˣҹǲǸԷʲôҩˡ
ֳϣκεϸڶʵйأߵŮҲһҹߣһỹҪƯŮˣѾ㹻κ˼ʣͬʱҲʶҹĲˡ
Ҳ˼ϾûѪԵϵôƯǡԷʵ̫ǿˣҲû
ԣ͸ΪʲôÿƯŮߵô
˵ˣ
Ҳ֪˭кһʱڳ˵ע⡣


091 ףҸ
ӻĴŴ߽һӺݻŮˣȥҲʮңȥϢÿһŵ˼㡣
ԽԽƯˣ
ˣϴǵչˣ̫лˣ
ˡ
ò˵˵ȷǺòĻȻҲҲƯǱҪһԼĶ֮ʲôʱʲôص㣬ֻҪˣ̾ͻΪ˵Ľ㡣
һⲻͬƺŬһ͸ˣϣԼһĹâֻĳʱĳһ͡
ˣһҫ۵飬ǰϣᷢƵĹâ̲סȥֻԲλࡣ
ҹСֵ
ǰƺڻһңԶ飬Ҳڹúܿİɡ
һ·ʾ⣬ʼŵ˼㣬ȴֲʧЦ⣬ǵߵһ룬żȻƳĳʱȴͻȻһ½Ų
ȻҾͿʼɫûб仯һµˣͻȻת˷򣬳Ǹȥ
Ƕһָо˵ĲӼӿˣȻѹţǵȷǰˡ
ǡһǴ
⣡ڿڵ
㡣΢Цһ¡
ƺЩ΢΢һ£ң治ǹģԸ˵ңҲƳȥ
Ļ˵úᣬȴú
Цˣ֪ЩҪҲ
⳯ҹȥ˵Ŀȴڸһֻϡ
ҹֵʱǱʲôһ¡
ǣڶҲûзŹĴΨһһżˡ
ףҸˡҹҲ΢Ц
ˣٻͻȻӯĸо
òײоʧˣ¸΢ЦллҲףǡҸ
㣡ٻתͻȻʶ˶Է̾ͺģ㣬ֻϣԺǶúõģ
ٻһӣߵǰַĶǣͷŬЦɵѾͷ㡭һúõģ
˵ƺָֻǸ߰ŮӣŲӯֲʧ߹̤ŵ棬һʧڲݶˡ
⡭й°
Ȼٻֻҹ˵仰ǴӸոյĳ涼ܿϵԲһ㰡
Ǹҹոȳöֱк׽ˣȻҹҲнǲ򵥣һҪúýӴһ²С
񲢲ϲڵûϵֻô仰ǾѾ˽㣬ȴٻıӰ̲סΪԷĵ
Ȼ޵֮Ҳ޹㣬ָоѾˣոҹǣʱѾȫͻˡ
ʱ飬ԲǱո˵֪Ļһֹ᲻ϧһеرԼֻǵʱЩҲֹİɡ
Ȼô˵ŲжΣǴѾʲôԹޡ
ѾӦڵˡҹȴ˵
ڵˣڶ˵ΧҲһһӦЩϵõˮ©ǵٻģҲʺʽ
תͷҹʵԱģûô
ҹЦˣû˵ֻǵزϲ˭ôһ̫õıñأ
ҹ彿εСӣȴҲ̲סЦ˳ԺҪٹˣ˵ģʵҲû뵽Ǻӡ
ǻ˵İɡҹ̯̯֣ɲٻϾʲô
šºӦţ˲۵Ļ⣬ڶҹ
˵Ļ⿴ȥ൱٣˭ҲûȥеΣֻʲô˵ôһ䣬벻ʱһĬ
˿ԼĸоûвκεΣƺһֳ̬˵Ĭ˵ܴﵽ൱̶ȵʱ򣬲Żγһ״̬
ޱСˡ
ʱһŮӳ֣ĸ̬ᣬһװոյٻԵü֣һڼҵŮǼ˸ķˡ
ȥٻҪŮȻǴɴģ˭͸ֻܿһ˫۾ӱ֮УҲ͸¶ŲٵļӲ
ޱҹҲɻһ¡
ŮӦҲȳһ쾩ƼҵˣȻôעĿϾǻװᣬɴʲô˼أ
ҹ뿪֮ǰҲǸΪ֪Ҵ٣˲֪Ҳ֪ĴӵܵϢټϺ뿪˼꣬ЩϢ˵͸˽ˡ
ǿ˶ϰΪӣޱҲǵһˡ
Ϊ֪ʲôԭ˺ܶߣȥˣԲ۵Ķǰģ΢ӿڵޱ쾩ƼҲǺܳģȻǶӣûа취õƼҵļ̳Ȩҵ츳ƼҵǸȳͻҲƼүӵϲ
ҹȵתͷĿֻջʱ˵ЦЦǼҵˣֻҲǸװ𣿡
ţͷҪҰҲһܷġ
ˣҹæҡַ֣ӵĶҿתЩ̵ŪɣҿɲɿƼˡ
Ҫʲôϵʱ򣬽ҾͺˡЦ
ۣҹȣС֣òƼ񵽱ˣ
ǰûе⣬ȴڵƤЦš
ո˵˼䣬ޱֵǸȴҲһԻֻݾûôˡ
ѽޱС㶼μˣǸӣһȥûֻƤеڵŮżּЦŵޱôÿζɴ³̫Ưŵ𣿡
ޱҪ̤϶¥ݵĽŲһ£΢΢üͷ˵˿ȥ
ʵҲ֪ΪôЦָҵ˵ˣҲ
ֻǿһۣתͷȥŶ¥ȥ
첻ޱ𣿡ŮȴûоʹͣסޱıӰЦǲᣬʿһᣬǶ׼㣿Ӧ˵Ȼм˻ǵãһòôŮա
쾩Լҵ̣ŮСҲǳ𡣡ҹڣѾС˵ˣ濴ȥһ͵͵˵黰
ǰޱڵӣúƯҲǺѣΪ˵һ̵ķɫȥܽĻһֱΪڷӴ˾ַֻҪһлᣬ̾ͻڿͷϱޱǺޱ仯֮ڼЦԷ


092 İ
˵ʱҲ΢΢üͷԸ侮ʯȻ൱ͬ
ҹЩҲֻˣֻ֮һЦһǵʮСŮʱЦܼ̾ô꣬۶ѾСݣֱ쳤סˡ
̣㲻Ҫ̫ˣȳ΢ԷŭҲŴ¥µ۸á
СãǸ͸ȳߵޱߵʱóһµСЦŵ
׼˽¸õģǱһֻͣóһա
лл硣ޱЦЦӹǸСӡ
ţȳȻҪչ˵СãԼҲָо
Ϊչĸ磬ԺܶʱŻԼһ˼ĳ˹֣˵Ϊ˸ȥҲΪ
Ǻǣȳޱ׸磬ô㣬ȴһû˼вޱ󣬾Ͳݵļƣڳʿȳ֮⣬һޱ׼еĻҵǸûеĻǺǣʵҲûʲô˵ġ
ȳɫѾǴ˿ֱ
̴ǰһЩʱԽСѾͷûмȻôΪѣʵԽԽˣ
ʵ˶óǻ˼Ǿڷޱ
ڳȷû˼ǵޱգΪϱ仯ԭޱûйȥաڳûиޱ׼ҲǺģ̷Ҫһ㣬ȥ֤ԷǸ˹֡
ģȳѾȭͷҪǹ˼ݣҪǶԷҲ쾩ԼҵŮҪǵô쾩ʧ̬һ£ݺݸŮһơ
硭ޱʱֻһ£סʧصȳ¥ɡ
šȳҲûķ쭣ⲻһʵĳϣֻøѿ
ǺǡںȴĵЦȳ磬ޱ㣬ǲȵȿһôˣ
ǲģ
ܶ⻰΢΢ҡͷе֡
ô˵ûгͷȥʲô
̿쾩ԼҵˣһǼŮոôޱƣţ˭ҪվǾڴ̵
ͽƼңȻǺܶԸȥģڰͽƼҵͬʱԼҸˣô㶼
ͽһƼңƼҲһܸٺôǵһԼңԼҷַӶܰ
ҲĻ˵ǿһ㡣
˵û˸ޱ׼׼ˣʱҲóͷ
ޱһ£
յ㣬ȳòü϶¥ʱͻȻһˬʵӺе
ޱһ£һ˶ǺС㣬ޱС㣬ֱӽޱ˿ɲ࣬һֶֻù
ǵתʱȴеС˧ˣͲʶ
ɻˣԼһӡûеˣôؽԼ֣ʲô˼⣬ԷҲһǿӲ
ʶߵȳȴһϳЦһ£ֵܣǡ
ʱһӣǶһӵѿʲôҵţִŮ˵Ҳǳصġ
Ҹޱ׼ﰡҹɵЦЦûпΧһŵֻܳͣһһȥٴ򿪣֤һϲ
ллޱҲҹ⣬֪ʵʶǸȳ
һллǷĵģܶԷҪͽƼҲãǸĹϵжôãʱվеصѹҵŮκ˶
ֵܣ㹻˼ȳˬʵЦЦ
ޱףȳȻףûڸһˣһѾ¾ģԼκηʽȥҹᾡеȥ
ʲôʱվѾͽ᲻ͽûϵôֵܣ
ֵܣû˵ҹȴʼЦοרŸޱ׼ʺġ
ֵܣû˵ȳҲЦĿȴ̿ȥ
ȳ˶Ŀⶼ̿ȥ
ոǷ»ȳֻҪ˸ޱģ͸ޱǸġ
û˲֪ô֪ôˣͿ仰ôȥɡ
磬ǻǿȥɣӦõȼˡޱȴʱߴһ¡
ȳȻҲЩӣǲپȥҲֻˡ
ֵܣһǾ۾ۡҹ
ǺǡҹÿɷЦЦ
ҵû뵽ҲŮˣԲܳʲôӶ߲ܵˣ̿ȳǶˣñĲмĿҹ˻󵽼ҵŮ˶Ҫͽ׷ĵزҲʧܣ˵Ļûȥˡ
ҹһЦǰʱңĻҲöˣƾ򣬻˲
ֻʱɵؼߵҹߣסĸ첲ǵӣһ¡
ȻʲôҲû˵ֻǸҹһҹĸ첲΢Цſ̡

Χ۵һӶǡУ
ô̵Ǻ͸ˣ
˵ޱǸ˹֣û˻ҹֱҹ˵ǸˣҲŮ˵ĻɫƮȻ
ҲŮˣڳŮ˶һ飬бƯ
ʲôû˵ϵı鶼浾ģڳˣȴơ
˭ؿڶЩƫƫֻ뷢㶼ûС
ҽҹڳҩҵĳ۵ģҹԷ΢΢ͷòظԷϵһС㲻øҿԺʲôÿͻܶǵĳչһµĻҵȻҲܻӭ
ҹ⻰˶ЩλողڰƼңڰһ
̿ûԺǷֵ˭˭ġ
ǣ裬ҼǵˣҲѿЦ⣬⿴ȥԭǳԳԳŮпһȥչġ
СҪԼԵĻˣҹЦԼˣ׻Ǯġ
˵Ķǰɣ䳰š
ҹȴ΢΢ͷԻ̫ģȷ˵γòÿģȷǲá
̵Ƕ˶֪ҹ˵̫ԳҲá
һû˵ԼӲҪǶԺЦˡ
ǰҹ˺ܽǷҪվޱǱߣˣ


093 ֮һ׸
仰˵ñȽᣬҲֻҹȴҡҡ֣ˣȳޱѣԸĻҲѣֻڰѣûйڸ˭ԡ
ڸԣѡҡ̸߸ӣҹһۣƼҸʲôôҶԼӱ㡣
ǺǣҹЦˣһְ̯סѾˡ֮һˣһǸʲ𡣡
ԭΪһû֮һɫͺˡ
׸֮һʲôǿ϶ģҲ˵Ǯ֮⣬ȲҲ
뵽嶼Ҫ
ҹҼأһȥչ⣬̶ҹ޲ܰˣһ
ҪĻǵȻҲӭҹǵȻݣƺԼûе̣ʵҲк֣ܶҲǿԸƵģڰ׵ķ棬ҪĻȷõѡ񣡡
ת¥ԼٶСһᵱѪ
Щ֪ޱֽľģڸ˵ʱĳЩ涼Сرܿ
ǸղأֱɥĲһһϣ۵뺰
㻹ôģ⿴ŷ߷ȥ̣ҹ˵᲻˵̫ˣ
˭С۶ģС۶ĴרŹҾĲˣҹʼ磬ҵѾϰߣ˲ˣô죿
ϲȴЦš
ҰһŮҹ˵
Ųء
ֽŵ˽״̬

¥ĳޱҹǸСӣ磬ĺǰûмĵ󡣡
Ǻǣ˵ҹǰ̫죬ˡ˼ҲܽȳЦЦޱ˵㻹ǵϴ͸үүǾҵģʱҲ֪ҵݣǱ˳߼ĶûҪңΪ˵һǸүӺõġ
𣿡ޱҲЦЦе˼֪ںװʲô
ӦֻʱǽΧ˵ȳҡͷЦЦ֪գרȥ׼ġ
ֻǾã˵ĻӦò˵ģɡޱ˵ţѾ˺ӡ
ҲãȳҲչʲôǽˡ
㣡ޱѾ˵һ
ţȳҲŵˣüͷҩ裬ǡȷ㰡ʲôҩ
Ǹҹ˵һϲޱһѵǡ
һƯС˭᲻ԼޱȵӣԼָɴǰӣκδԥ
һ뵽ֿܣôᰴס
ϲ˵ʲôܳƵϾϲģޱţԼµһ
ǡĿƼҿǲƴ֣ΪҲ֪˶ٰ취˶ҽȴһЧûУôһССҩ裬п
ޱеģͻȻֺⶫĪ͸ϣѾĵͻȻ񿴵һ⣬ҪǲõĻƱҲпĴ
ȵȣȳõ̬Ҳʶʲôȥ
鲻ǿЦģҹûмޱʲôӵģһǻ⣬˲óԵҩޱһδ᲻ʲôãǲ֪Ķ
ȳҹֻܴΪӦṆ̀Բʱ˼ǲܺġ
ȳһ̾¥³ȥˡ
ʣޱ㶵ؿǿҩ裬ͺǵڶǸ磬ջƻ֣ŵ
˲䣬Ѹȫ

ȳʱӺݻٻ˿ҹ⡣
⣬ҽһаɣٻƺǻָһЩǰĻ΢ЦõЦ
Цſҹһۣҹֻʼ磺ռ˵飬߲ܵġ
ֳٴȻ¥֮ǰҹǴкԽãھȻһòƲʲôӵܣһǱаСӣЩѰζˡ
Ҫ˵˸ҹ֮ʲôͷҲͶһ£ǲܵģҲֹڳϹ
Ȼųڳҩҵ裬Ƽã̵СӣݾЩ˸еˡ
˿һĻĴ绰ȥҪ˲һʲôôһӸáȳãϹϵġ
ˣЩ⣬ҲЩأǰ޸ҵĴүңʮŮ޸һѾʮ٣Ҫ˵ΪǮº˻š
Ҫ˵ȫΪǮǼ޸ƺҲʲô⣬ΪȻҴү˾ҵһҵֲ䣬ӳûԣǡ˵ֹһǻ
֮һ仰ңעǲѼôһϲ̨˼̳еġ
ԣ˵ٻǿǮصλ޸ʵڲһõѡ
Ҫ˵ϷҲ氮ǵҲ˵ùȥ㿴Ǹǻ
꣬˵˶оԼٰˣ
Ϊٻôһʣһٸʲôߵر˻ŮˣȻˡ
һôпҲôõɷŵٸĳЩߵ̫Ļ϶ֵĲ¼ɡ
ٻԴӳ֮һһʱ䶼ϣƺǴӦ飬ұѰүûҪӳɫ
ҲϿϱ̵ֻʱ֮ڣѾѲٵⶼٻϡ
ȻҲ˺ܶ˲ٻȡõĳɼȻûܶ˵ʲôòǻ۲صŮˣƺڽܰаѸԸ˶൱ǢƺҲǻۣøⶼһЦ
Ůڶ̶̵ʱڣѾҵˣ쾩Ȧӵĺˡ
ƺûʲôֱ𣬶˭ܺʮˣôʮ˶оٻԼܺãֺΪһǡôľ룬Ƕĸо
ڣ񱻴ˣһ˵ʱ򣬺֮ܶǰڲ£˿ܲκ裬ȴˣһһˣ̫ˡ
ûи鷳ɣٻʡ
ҹһüëһΣҸ鷳
ԸģٻȻᣬǰ飬ҡܱǸ


094 л
ٻˣ
ҹһоڴǰƺȥԼĴ󣬾ĴģҲΪӦԼȥ
ڣȻȥϴ
ʵôҹƽѾȥˡ
ٻڹһٲãڸ裬ǵһ֧֮Ҳ۰ٱٻַʽ߱ˣ˵Ĳ֮
ǣҪ˵˿ûӰҲǲܵģЩ⣬ɷҲЩ⣬һķ紵ݶ¶Ҫ鷳
ûйȥٻ΢΢Цһ£Ŀȴ⿴ȥõŮһҪúö
ʵڷ֣ҲġҹЦ
ߣϧ㷢ֵ̫ˣٻҹһۣȴ̲סЦˡ
̫ˣΪĲٻˣ
Ȼпţٻȴǿһ£Ϊÿ춼һŸ߹΢Цߣǰˣȴһһ˲ٻӰӡ
벻ǺҵĴүٻȻѾ֪ЩϢʱ֪Ļ˵޸㡣
ţҹͷ˵ҲĲҪ㡣
װһ»ٻ󷭰ۡ
Ŷ˵Ҳϲ㡣ҹֻõ
ģٻʡ
ҼװġҹϿҵ
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ٻЦˣ㻹ôСǲϲġ
ϲˣҹ˵Ƕˡ
ǰǶˣٻп̾˿ͻȻ뵽ʲôû䣬㻹ô
ˣҲڱ䣬ҹ˵ҾƤûǰˡ
ҹһ仰һˣ˻ֿٻָֻԼ˵Ļŵذҹ⡣
аͻˣٻӵ⣬С⣬һҪҸ
㡭ⲻ֪ôģܸоԷһֱˣÿԼЦʱֱ˾ͻԡ
ҹԱһֱڵȴҹ֧ȳæʱȥո͸Сޱǿҩ
ƴ٣һһ֧ɣҪȥ˼СˡٻʱѾ΢ЦҲɷ˵ȳ
ȳΣֻٰԼҪʵĻѹȸٻ֧˵
ոҪʱ㶼ҹ˵ʲôһصߵǰã˷磬֧𣿡
ԲҲ衣΢ЦŻӦ
ûϵҿԽ㡣˷º͵˵
ǡסҹĸ첲ûҪѧ
˷ʶԭҲûʧȥģǲʧŵҹ֣ãּҵ˷磬֪λ
ҹԱ߶ðһŮ˵ȴǲ衣
ҹҲû뵽ոոԼַ̻ʱðҲǸԼ̸ģȻҲûʲô̸ģ˼Ҳ衣
㡭û뵽ҹ˲ӣոջٻúܺãֵԼͲˣʲôƨɣ
պһԣҹķӦȴܿ죬ǰһ߶ǣһ̺˷ְһ𣬡ȥȥø˵лҡ
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쾩ּҵ˷磬ȻּҵĴүּҲǱõ̳еѡѾڰ˷˵ҹҪ̲ˣһ֮ǰЩʵ̫ɵΪԼһϿ⣬ǲǸ鷳ˣ
ǰɣϲҹǣЩЦ˼ԼиƯŮѣоˬ
ͷȻ΢ЦŴߡ
һ꣬˷绹չ⣬ȳҲŹҹǿҩ¶ֻϧǵݶȽ⣬Բѡʱ򣬾ѾһһصŮ󸾲סÿ仰ӦӲҲ԰ѵļ϶
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ȥ֮󣬲ż˵ȻҶûĻҾͿʼˣŴҲ֪һҪĿģ˴ٽҵĽ֮⣬оΪ˱ҴƻＯĸλʲô䱦Ϊ֮ǫ̃ȻõĿɾͶҵˣ
˶һЦһٻ½һƻᣬңֱԼ֣ɷժȡģٻΪˣ˵ǮģȻҲֻһĬЦ
Щݣڵõ뿨ʱ򣬴ҶѾ֪ˣҲжôȣˣȻ׼
ҲǿƵģоģûоˣԼһ䱦ĳ߼ʾһʵ֮⣬ٻǰһºӡֻҪˣǶܻᡣ
Ȼ֮󣬿˵ĶԼN͵͵ֻԼûдҲеģҺܶࡣ
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֮ٻһļֻۣ࣬ʮѡ
Ҳֵ֪ⷽ϶ֹļۣҲֻҪˣļֵҪҪһݲľ͹ˡ
ĳۺӻԾⷽⱻǼһʮļ۸¡
õʱǼװŵı飬Ǹ˶Ҫȥһš
һٶȻǵõٻͺ
һһƷ͵̨ϣĳ߼ּۣ˷̽ͭĳ˰ǧĸ߼ʵһ˾ȥʱȣҲͱȲ
쾩ĴƼҺߵñȽϽּҺԼǻͨޣЩ֮ľٶ޵ķʸģ˷ٶΪѰζ
ǲô˵϶ּҶҵһʾá
ԼҲû̫࣬ԼҴһƷҲĳһǧٶĸ߼ȲּңҲʧӣңȳ󷽵öࡣ
ȳγƷĳ˰ļֵȻƽ˵Ҳǲ٣ǸһȣԵѷɫ١
һôǳʲôҩˣȳҲû뵽һССᣬҾȻǷһֺҡ


095 ᲻Ʒ
Ȼ˵ٻƹ˲ٵ⣬Ҫ˵ٻܴңеȳӲףҶôΪʲô
ֵܣҿô󹦷򣬼ȲҲ˷лߵҹߣؿ˿⣬ѵû׼𣿡
ǰǰҲ֪ġҹʼЦ
Ŷɣ뿨Ͽдúװ˷ȣѵû뿨
ʵʹ֪ҹݣҲ֪û뿨ֻɱȳġ
ΪʲôôİЩ˷ּӵܣȻգգ۾뵽ˡ
ͻȻðһԼݵλպλӶߵˣ˭кøеġ
ִ㡣ҹǺЦЦ
Ҳִ٣㲻ҪҽУ˷粻ü
ȻҲ뵱ϴ󣬵ǿϧԼ˲ֹһꡣλӲһϴ̳УǴʱǲҽеģּͻһӵҲС
Ҫּ˷汻˶ٵĻܿܶ˷ɲ봥ùͷ
Ŷҿ̸£Ϊǣҹ˼صǸֶ٣
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Ůˡ찡ּƷŮˣΪʲôϵĲң
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ٻƷ֮΢΢һ£ҹ֮Ŵ˺ӡ

ٻһôҶ׷쳤ӣҹΧˣ֪СʲôĶȻֱ顣
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ٻĻҵĿⶼ䵽ϡ
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ļһɲųɽҲһ֮ǰ̽ʮģҲĳ˰ǧĸ߼
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ԭҪҹһЦ˷磬۽Ѹٵ˼£ʲôҲû˵
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һ̣ҹʲôˣһһؼ뵽˾۵Ķȥ
һֱĻԹ۵죬ΪҹλᶪӣϾֻǱȳŻģ֪ҪĻڣҾ֪Ҳ϶ûʲôõóֵĶ
ոһҹǰġ衱ȥˡ
󿴵ٻļٿĶʱѲ豭ҧһ
ʲôʱֶһ䣿ôģôôãѰһܶĳôһ鼫ƷˣȻͳ飬һһһ
ãʤߣ˷ǹϲ覵Ѫˣٻ΢Ц˧ټѪ˵Ļһ²κһƯŮӵģ
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һ߶ȳҧˣһǧ˰СӽǷˣȻƴظۡ
û취ȻҲƹһЩ⣬Ҫһóһڶʽǻǲ̫㡣ֻΪһĻǾүϲҲ޳


096 ӲС
ٿ˷СӣȻǵõˣǸһģȴڸǮһ͵һۡ
ѾҪֵزȳеز϶ʲôԼ֪ܣȻ˷粻ô
Ҫ֪˷ּңӶǣȨҲܱԼȥȴ󷽵˷ָ
ȳĿ˸˼ǧʱ˷ѾǿѪС
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ʲôոӦֻ˵˵ɣһͷ濪ʼˣ
ܾܾһֵڵʯŮˣòƻеңԴҶЩͬؿҹ
ף԰ҹȥİȻǮûлصҹɡ
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⻰ȫվڵµߵϣض˷ָ𣬿ϸһĥĻ˶ĸоղŵİҲһûˡ
˷ɣеҪܲܰԼŪøߴһȻԼƤı׼ţڲٰ
㣬һѪˣ˷ı൱棬Ҫ߱ˣڿЦκˣκεļǮҶֻ͸ΪŮˣȻģѾҲڶʵˣֻûзļֵ
㷢ǰɣҹҲˣУͣҿôһʯͷôġ
ʯͷ˶еѣΡ
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ԶԣǸոջһҪϢȳո˵ޱǳҹҩűõģҲ˵ԭҪȻҲһֱɴˡ
ҹתȦٶȲ࣬һĿתԽԽأȴʱʱе˵ļһ
ȻҩܰһޱȵŮˣһŮֲ벻
ЩñȽԶ˼ܿҲһޱŮԭ󣬺ҹȡ֮󣬲űǡ
һ϶Ȼôҹ޵޵
뷨ˣԼҵࡣôҶã˷үõĻٺ٣Ҳ͸ڴˡ
˶ں˼룬˷Ҳ˲תͷڵĵޱȴûôӡ
ҹĵ٩ֻ΢΢һ£ȻǸҵŮţɳľ֮Уûбκһô٩
Ҳֻһ£ѾӦ׻Ǿ൱ġ
ҴԼҸȳһ飬ǽԶҹѣҲҪĺ飡ޱ֣˵
䡭
һذըһôкøУûʵ棬ģޱ˳֣صǾζţƼҸҹĺǲˡ
ȻޱƼңȳռƼҽһĲҵôǿĺ飬ǰҹͨԺҲһͨˡ


097 ҸӺ
ҹ֪ڳҩҵĶ³۳裬һ£ޱûһ¾Ǽ˵ҳԵģĳ𣿡
ǳ衣ҹ
ޱεȴڽҹѵĹ档
һҩʮѵˣ϶൱۵ģЩߵһ֣쾩ΧģϣޱĹ棬ɾǹеս
¡
һըףըһƬصеŮǡ
裬ޱǸ˹ֶɸŮһƤҪԼ˻ô
˶⣬Ҫҹҵ𰸡
ͨˣûˣҲûȱˣܲóأޱʵ
ӣ̫ƽˣҶ̾ţȻޱҹ͡
ȻԣҹЦһ£豾ҩƷƤøõˣʹã֮ڣòҪظʹõڶš
Ŷи𣿡ޱʡ
ûиãڵƤһ֮ٳԵڶţͻָᷢûκЧΪļʵ̫ˡҹЦ
һҩ边Ȼܵꣿ̫ˣޱЩȣǿ̸̸ںˡ
ڳϿЩѣҹȴΪѵҡҡͷΪյԭ򣬳Ŀǰûа취ǰеҲֻһٿңǻķ
ҹĻѾԶˣˣŮˣѹؼʶڡһٿšϡ
һٿŰ
ŮǷˣҲʲô֣׷Χ£ȥҹŽֻ˲ҹͱ뵽ݺݺ֮С
ޱЦЦҹҲθڣǰ̵úһ棬һٿţʵ̫ˣһŮ˶ֵˡ
ҹ㣬ޱվߣ΢Цſ˿Χҹ˵㲻𣿡
£ҲЦˣûޱĸȴ˼ᣬΪһһֱߣĶҾĶ
˩סģޱҡҡͷԽҪ˩סֻӵԽ졣
ȴЦøˣûҪ˩ס
ޱɻһ£ƺЩ͸ǰŮˡ
ʱҹҲڡѡλСΧҾ˾ֵλûĳ裬λҪԤĻ
ﱨɣÿֻһţһ˵ּ¼ʱ򣬸λͿ쾩۵㣬Ҫĳˡޱ˵
ҹһۣҲûзԣΪЩһʶҪ¼ֶЩѣޱ˵ʲô¡
С㣬Ѿȷ𣿡ʵ
ޱòҲֻһԹġ˿͡ѣȻѾҪҹҹûʲô˵ܴҹ˵
ҸҹѾ̶Ĵˣޱ˿ҹ⣬תˣȻҹŮѸƯȴӺʡ
Ӻʣ˵Ǵ˻Ůѣ
Ȼ֮ǰ˼˵˸ӺʣΪޱȦܴҲ֪ǰûˣһӾͳ˾ɫŮִˣֱǾ
ǴҷޱĻһƣŮѵĵλ
ҹ˲ðȻһҩͱƼС㿴ˣҪɻڴĽడ
ҿԷޱԤһŻݣҹţʮһţ
ȥҩĹ涼ǶʮһŰɣ
⻰ֺһȺ˵Ƕˡ
Ů˵ĻǺԵģֻҪܶҩǾѾϲѶˡ
ޱתͷҹЦЦͬʱҲؿ⣬ȻڸλŮ֮æµ
ҹûʲôԼҲţԼҹֱܻܾаһġ
쾩ˣƼҵŮޱԣȲ˵ҪǮƼҲںǮǮģӾʹȥˡ
е˶ʵҲޱһ̬ȣҹ˵跽ʱˣޱᶨԼͷһҪҹöԷռıˡ
⣬һ൱Ҫ̬Ȱ
һŮˣһ˺ü꣬һӱƯһҵŵŮˣһ֮󣬻ʲôľٶҶѾȥˡ
ݷƱػҹеõ޴ã޷ĺôһޱȻΣҹһĹ˲У
ꡭ
ԸԳѰ״ɲ豭ҧһ飬ߵݣ治һӲ
촽ҧͬʱ촽ʱȾ졣
찵һתȥϴּ䡣
ⳡ棬ôûˣԼǿЦˣܴˣ
ܸɡ⿴ޱҹ˵
㺦𣿡ҹЦЦ
ҡͷûС
£ҹǣס֣ڡ
Цˣš
һһٵ̲˿ĿɿڴؿǰһĻ
췴Ӧ֮żæʵδ٣⡭ҹʲô˰ȻȻС㶼ԣ
ǺǣǸⰡͺǸͷһǲô˵ҹҲϵϴ󰡣۹ֶλǿԵ㶼֪ǰ׵ˣңĸң쾩ĿɲǺô
̲ŵܳ¼Ҳ
μҶǲ𣬸˵ˣοǰõϢҵүԵѾصң̵үӣҪ֪Լ˵ҩģ᲻һư̥
ҡ̲˵ЩˣҲ֪ٲ𣿡
ǺǣϢ̫ˣٶĶӣúϲָоظٵĸףǵպ̽ӢǬֻӢǬλ̫͵һֱû֪
ҡ̲ᣬٲҰɣ
˻ģ˵зϡ
̲棺δȾңһ֪ǰ˵ϻˡ
ٺ١øӵҲһ׶⣬˵ģٵŮˣȥأٿ϶ôŵġ
ԶԶԣȥ̲һĴȾ
ȥ˼СأڹȥʲôһʱٵȥҰǸúܲҲˬһѣлԼ˱ˡ
̲ͣˣҹǺҴүϢȴֶߡ
ڲСģҲеģһʱҶ׷𾪡
ңӢǬ֮Ҫһҵ


098 б
쾩˶飬ýύ˶ύˣµӡҲˣȻûʲôź
һڶ࣬ҹѪ˵˷磬ҲûпΪ׷ŮʧܶκεĲá
һǲ̫ˣǾˡ
һ̾ߣΪƨɺʱһ׷ʡ
ǲǴҽҩҵ¿ҵҹ𣿻С
ʵٶ⣬ĿĶֻһҹͻȻðҴүҵĵλôģǲҵļ̳ˣ
Щⶼд𰸵ģ쾹ȻЩ˵ڡ
ԭҹŪⳤһЦʱ֪Ҵ٣ҲѾûʲôϵˣϾһʲôеİܼӡ
ٷųϢ˵ҵҩƷҵ£͵ǰҹųҵĺ֮ˣû˻עٵݣֻΪһֵ£ӵܶѡ
ˣҹϵķͷÿɲһޱҵŮԴҩƷ
Ҫڳ棬˵ҹڳҩҵûйϵǺǶҹĴҵŵ
ǸҩƷ˾ʱó˵¶Ҳûʲô˼ҹ䶯һȣֻ뵽ĸ֣ȡ裡
֮ǰԼ¹˾ô̵ʱھѾӮˣһӮƨ
ЩϷ˵Ůǣͻ֪ҹֻҪûĳҪ׬׬ˣ
ȻҶûʲô˵ģɴ໹ɡ
һģҵ̲ˣһյҹĸǰЩֱӶԷ
٣غǣ˵
Ҳãһ㻹Ҫ˰ͻҹ˵
û⣬ˡظ
٣֮ǰȫҵĴ㿴ڱõϣǧǧҼƽϡ̲ӲͷƤǰ˵
ҹȤؿһ̲ôڲøҩʧˣ
̲ˡ
٣ų죬ҶѾһˣҪǲٰһ飿Ը¡
̲ǶЩмˣΪ⻰˵ڡ
ˣû¶Ļһǰɣðٴʡδһˡҹһۣûи̲ȥ
úãٷģһᾡĵġ̲Ѿûбãֱ̰
Ϊĸ׵ԭܸҹںǣҹҪȥˣôܹ֮ˣȴҹһҪһȥ
һ·ȴܳĬ˶ǾؿŴ⵹˵ķ羰ŶԷ֣Ѿûʲô˵ˡ
˺̲֮ĳЩҹ˻֡
ҹȴţһųŵϣȤɲǸԵģĸ岻õĻҲԳҩһ£ȥʱٴһЩȥ
һžǶʮŶҲЦ
ĸģǧҲûҹǺЦţ˵ԼҩԾͳԣԶûνġ
һ죬ȴǵͷšǵпյʱ쾩ɡ
٣Ҫչ˺Ⱑҹ
ٷģҴϵ£ԲԱʧġ̲˿Ҳһҹȷû鷳˼
ˣ
·Сģҹٴζ
ҡͻȻЩŤǰ̲һۡ
̲겻һæŤͷȥְѶҲϣʲôʵҲ
ҧ촽ͻȻȥҹĴһ£Ȼɬصͷȥ
һΡǹңڣ㡭ȻɬȴǷҹǰ˵
ҹ±׹촽ʵ㣬ϴҲ׵ңҶǱȵģ
ᣡͷøˣСճɷȭҹǰһ¡
ˣ߰ɣȻĸڼһȼˣҲ֪˶ãҹŰѻɿ
šûԥ̤ҹ˻֡
ҹ̲ļ򣺡ˣ
ŶŶ̲΢΢һڿˡ
ʱ䣬ҪܿˣپǱ𶼸ôʱ䣡

ĵڶ죬ҹڴᣬһǵһĹ˾
ϴΰʱ򣬶ģλ˵еܣĻǮϰ壬ˡ
ȻЩԱ˵Ҳǵһμǵӡ⹫˾ֻһؾһ˵дû¶ҹ
ܣʯҹҪʱ򣬹˾ЩСŮǶһֱ˵еޣǮ಻ԣ˧ûѣҪŻˡ
ЩźúñһѣԼഺҸͷһѻŮǣһʱ򣬶ʱĸһˡ
û취̫ǿ󰡣
Ҷ𣿡ҹһ
ѾˣЦЩСѾͷǣһ˵Ҫ˵öû˯á
ôʧˡҹǺЦһǸҴһϢ
˵ͻȻ澹ȻжҲ֣⹫˾ֻ裬ûбҵ񣬴ûŵġ
һţȻޱӭ΢Ц߽
᲻ӭɣޱЦš
Ȼᣬҹһ£λڳҩҵĴˣޱС㡣
ޱԵع֮ȴɻ˵ô쾩ƼǸҵŮһֲ
СҲޱŮҲƯ֮Ѿûʲô޵ˣǴƯƯûʲôǾȻͲʶ
Ҫ֪ԣɲⳤƯˣǵУһһŮǣδرޱƯǷӦЧ϶ҪãҲ֪ϰôģȻôһŮϣԼء
һ룬ϰҪңҲǸͺˣǣǾ̫ˡ
ôӡ𣿡ҹЦЦһ̫Ҫݣ쾩ƼҵҵŮƼķ֮һҵǾ־Ӫġ
ۡ
ˣҲв̫Ҫ
СҲˣһƯ񻰵ᣬѾӦˣһ쾩ƼҵŮ档
ǻҪϰ循һ£˵ܵأڿǲˣ˯ˡ
֮ҹҪǸһϢǵĳ裬ѾӵԤӣһʮų衭
Ҳһ
ҹ˵жѾ׼֡Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һŶʮʮš˾һֱӮת֮䣬ǧҪˣ
ȣ˼ҹޱһ£ҽ֮ԸϹΪ˱仯أ


099 ԱҲ
ŶҹޱӣҲͣʲô仯˵˵ɡ
˵𣿡ޱ˿˾Ա
ûϵЩԼˣʲô˵ܸڳҩҵһ𿹹ȥҹûжҲǡ
ܡ
ŮǶжˣͷǮָǲˣҪҵŮǸöã
ǺðĶʮţǵ˽ϣȴһӷͻȻı仯ҲǴֲޱ˵ǣһǵ˰ʮų趩ҿһʱ䣬еæˣôҼӰ𣿡
һ£׸ղŵֻһЦ
⣿Уоϲ
˾ֻܹһٿŵĴ棬ھȻӵ˰ʮŵĶһֻǶ̶һʱ䣬ǽأ졭ʮ֮󣬻ж٣
ֻ˳ڳҩҵΪǰ;Ĺ˾
ǰҹ˵ĻͻȻһЦܿģ
̫ˣǶ˷ܵع
ҹ˵˾Ҳ߹ǣͷֻ治ңԽǾԽù˾Ͽ׬Ǯ
ʱǶҪԼһţø˾Ч桭ΪûǮĻ
ǺǣˣȻ˰ʮŵĶܻȽæҹһ´ңոС˵ļӰеˣҾԲͬӰ࣬ڳҩҵϰˣڣ˭ӰĻҾͿʣ
ܣҪǹ˿ÿ˰ĵأһ¡
ӰǺ£ҪǮĻɾͳˣһ˭Сأ
ģҪѧһ°ǰӻûи㶨ģңҶ°סˣԺκζҹ˵һ棬д۵ĵطڳɵԱôԣ
ЦԵܣҪһȺԵԱˣҲҪӻץ𰡡
ˣ˵ˣһµĸҹɨȫҲڣΪǹ˾ʵͻƵӣҲҵʱʹһļŬǷֲġ
죬ǰڵĹ֮⣬ûʲôЧĶСǸΣǼǼˣÿ춼ڸλϴ˯ֻ
ˣȫ˫ʡ
ޡ
Сһ£̾ͻ
Ȼ˵Լе죬˫ʣǻһ߶˼һ߶ˡ˵˫ҲӲ˼µġ
⣬ҹһ£˾ĳÿ˷һţҪԼðСҩЧҲԣҪڳҩҵԱҩҵй˾Ưģ
໡
ոյǻӾǺˣ
谡ǿǶʮһŰǿôЧϣ͵͵ŹôζҪЧˡ
Ƕʮһţʵ̫˵ǲԲȣһһҩǮġ
꣡
˧
ܳ޵˧
ܡҡҡҪӣ
СǷӦ֮󣬷׷ҹȥ
ǰȺѾˣСǶñ뺷ϡеһ¸ΧȻռˡ
ҹʿܵҲλˣû뵽һŮ̫һ
ڹؼʱ̣ޱ˹ȥ侲һ£ܿҵģ
ӵǰѴҶˣȥ֮ȴǷ߷ߵģ¾ģҳԹ֮󣬳ñƯһٱ
ܣǶ˫ʣô㣿ЩСﶼ򷢻ȥ֮ޱ
㹤ʣҹָһ㣬Ǿ͸˫㹤ʰɡ
ϰСޱЦҳԷܿ԰ɣ
Ǻǣðɡҹ̯̯֡
شþȻôǿޱòЩãҲҪ˫ҪٲС
㣬ȥ׼ɣĺз˫ݶġҹѾܻڳﱸˡ
ޱһЦ㣬ôϢһ£ǻǿһʽɡ
ܸСѧϰʵ̫ѵˡЩܳ
ޱɲһƿŮ쾩ƼҵҵŮɲ˵˵ѣҹ֮ǰ˵ģƼķ֮һҵֵġ
ҪСķ֮һǿɾǾ֮ˣΪķ֮һ𺣳μ֪Ҫ˶١
ÿҹôΣҲ㵱Լˣޱº͵ЦЦԺҲԼˡ
ҲЦЦܾλСĻڱ¶ʲô
Ҳǵģ쾩Ǳ߶иޱһƯС㣬ҲǶ뷨ɡ
ЩͷܿͰ˼ջҲܲϵġ
ޱĽޱڶָ㣬ȻûָȥҲӵˣһ¾ֱܷǴķޱĽ鶼ԼҪܶࡣ
һоԼһΣȴǸˡ
ܣޱߺҵҹڳСĻ»ǰ;
˵ʲôҹЦЦ֪һ
ֻԼûܶ࣬ʺְ񡭡˵ʱЩ
ҹΣʱѾܿóˣԼʲôЩʼĻԹ֮⣬ƺһĪչŹ˾ߵĹʣȴʲôûǳġ
ҵڳɸĹ˾𣿡ҹʵ
һˡ
˵Լʺû˵ԼҪ뿪ڳɰŮǰδеİǴûйġ
뿪ȥĶҹҪԼ뿪һ˺ܶࡣ
ڳɣְ񣬡ҹؿ϶ҿǹƸְʺϵҲ㣬ЩС𣿵˾һǮ׬ҶǣѵЦЦ
ܡףҹûиߵ˼
ûпǣоޱĲǺģҵŮרѧҵ˲ţҹԵؽ͵Ҫʲô֪𣿲ţǲŮһɿģܰҿڳҩҵˣޱʼնƼҵˣ㣬Լˣ㣿
ܣѾȫǸж˵ҿС㣬ƺĸо
ûҹЦЦŮѣ⣡
⣿СʲôʱðһС㣿
æ˼ջŮѵ¶Ǳȥˣ⡭۶õֶǲȫ
ˣûʲôµĻϢһ£ŮҹǻһƽûʲôµʱҲڹ˾ţЦЦתתһá
Цã⻰ܸ˵


100 ý
ڶ죬쾩۵㣬Ų˼һĻ
˵Цһÿкµģţ˾ʲôʱ򵹱յ۵㣬ȻһðŶӡ
һһµĺ뵽
жɣ
ǰעˣЩɣѾǼ۵ʮһŵҩôһô򣿿϶ϰ廨˴Ǯж
ĴҲʶЩˣ˿ɶЩ֪ĳЩ˻ڵܿģ˻ж
һҹ֮䣬ԡɵŪüĳ裬ˣ
ܶûвμӹᣬҲûȦ֪ЧˣǷ׷״ˣô˶ĸԸϵô᲻һ¡
ʮɲСǮĳЩ˵ҲʲôǮǵܿһûԤ
ܿϧǣֻдʮ˶õֻ˶ֻõһϢϻ
ʲôʱл
ԲڼӽΪյԭÿһҩ趼Ҫʱ䡭
ꣿģҪ˰
ԱƯСúܿͽͣʵõȼģΪͷһĳҲǼǰģһֻҪٹһʱ䣬ҲĽ׶Σ廹ܶӦҲˡ
ϢһҼͬʱҲļҪɲҪǵ̫ð
ҪԤһţŶţλʱֵĹͻȻе
ҲҪԤš
Ҫһš
СֻǺźظߴңΪһľʱ仹ȷҪԤʵ̫࣬һҩͲôԤΪ˹ƽֻǵʱȵȵá
Ԥⳤ׶ڴˡ
˵˭ԤֳЩˣ
СҲ˵ˣҪԤĻѾԤһˣڽԤĻҪԤЩ˿ͣ
ûˣ˵Լ˼һиġ⻰ٲ֪ųӵӣǿ˵ģ˼Ұô˵ǼٻҲš
׶󣬵˼Ұڵû
ҩЧȻҲǼԵģڶ̶̼ЧѾִüⶫɵһ档
ֺûһֱĵ鷢ˣǼۣ
ڶҩûгأôѾǼˣ
һСǣһӴӶʮʮɲߣǳŸ˶
һٶȻԹصҷ׷׳ҿۣ㲻ԭ۸Ǿ͸㣬浹Ϊֹ
ڳҩҵ̾վ˵ˣǲǼۣʵϣǵҩնʮ飬ɱ֮ǰôΪ˴ڵһڵȥˣܲһֱôⱾȥɣ
ڵʮҩۣҿܾúܸˣߴңʵ⻹ǲǵĳɱҲ˵ʮļ۸񲢲Ǽޣֻǵڶļ۸񣬶Ҳʮ򣬵һֱ
Ҿ۸񻹿ԽܵĻԳע裬Ҿ̫ˣǲ˼ֻҪͿˣϾҩȻãƷûҲܻġ
ǷˣڶʮԲ򣬵һǡΪʲôǴһʼʹ첻ǼۣΪ֪ԼڳѪ˦ȴΪòô
ڰ˵һ֮󣬴ޱСվ˳ûйȥҩƷǼ£ǱʵˣҲֻǻӦһ仰һҲǡֵ
ĸֱó˳ɼޱǶôȷһԼ϶ˡ
Ȼ֡ġý͸¶һڲϢڶ裬֮Уӹ󣬻빺İǣ죬עһ쾩ͺǵ۵㡭
Բۡ
ոջڵǰ䣬߶ڳҩҵ쵹յĲŮˣ̾ʹɳϹһ߶ױϳȥˡ
طһ۵Ѿ˳ӣǵڶҩûиӰء
Ӵ鶼ûˣ˵ʮ򣬾ǳһﶼпŶӣҩѾ̶ֳˣ˼ҪǲǼۣǲǶء
ڣޱڲɷ͸¶ڵˣеٿţϴζһ
ٿţˣһ֮󣬴Ҳŷ֣
˵ٿţİٿŶùΪѾ쾩ͺصˣԶϽ˶ϵ߶ҩˣɼαޱУжˣ
û취ҩֻٿţ򵽾ˣ򲻵ֻܵһڳҩҵ֮ǰ˵һĳ۸񣬺ܻܿǡ
ֵĺܿͱѹΪޱٴ߽˾ͷһϢڳҩҵҹлҶԳһֱ֧֣ڶԹڵĹ˿ͲǼۣԼǮҲҪߵĺ񰮡
˰ӶϢ۶мҹôĵĻôʮʱô˵أ
ǷǼ۵ǱˣҲ˾ãҹڿ϶׬ʲôⱾⱾⲻǸ˵ѣȻôһֱȥĻڳҩҵɵ
Լ߶⣬ޱЦˣ¶ؾشҶԸ㰡ڳҩҵ׼׬ǹǮԹڵͬⱾġ
⣿ӴҶ뵽ʲô԰ôõҩûֻڹڵģǴڵļ۸Ƕأ
ޱһЦҸ㣬߱ˡ
ȥžͷ˵õȥ߱
ʵҲ̫ĶǶ٣ޱСС˸ӣԷʱ򣬺˵ʮҡ
ʮϸȥôȹڻأթ
⻹ûʳأޱֲȻ˵׽𡣡

Ҳˣʮ׽һٶ򣬶ıˡ
۸ֻһݣڰ
ɺڵĲۣԴҾŰƿ֣úڰøЩɣ
˧˵ģӹ򰡣ܻͬǮܴﵽЧܰЧ
ܣ죡
ʲô˵ģԼʮһţٶЧĳ裬ڻģ֪ɣٿ˼ܣ氮
Ѷڶ֮ڣ˺ҩƷҵĵλ
ڶרҺҵͷһóĽۡ
۸ոռͳˣһǴ¡
쾩۵㱻ˣ˵˳˳֮ϳ˵ĺߣȫݡ
۵СҲ֤ʵȷһϳŴƬߣ˵ŮˣЩҵһԼ³裬ݵľ
ЩҲͷȫ£ҷ͵ϣ̶ʱ䣬ͱվתء
ڳҩҵӷޣһӾִýĸо


101 Ƶ
ֻһҹǵصǴͶ軹ûģǿƵֻ˵һµģһӶ׷̳΢Լ۵ĵطԼ¼ĹעжڳҩҵĲΪʾʹġ
ôߣȻ˳Գ⣬ǿӵӽϹҩ
Щڱʾ߿ЩڷйԼûҩƣЩڷйԼķŭЩյָڳҩҵ
ҵȻ˿ֵˣҲóǱͱˣ˭ҪҪһͱ̫ƯˣҪǿ˵Ļ϶ȥסһڣȻ̫ѿˡ
Ҳ˹עҹڳҩҵҹϵʣʱǰ׼õĴ𰸣Ҳó
ӢȺڳҩҵûκιϵ
ǲ˵СֶΣֻ˵ڳҩҵûϵȴҹҵĹϵģ˹ȥֻ֪
ӢһʾȻҲڷչҩƷҵǸԼĶĳҩҵѾЧõҵרҵʿϿơ
ʣµǾǰСʿϷˣɱǵĻҪ
ֻҹһ޳ɣû뵽ô󣬻һֳ˴ڵýһܰˢ׵Ƥڳ̿ˣүôҹҲٰһô۵ˣŵλȥ
ҵһμעҪӢˣ
ҵĵȻȣѾǳʳʣ쿪ʼûûϵҹûĹǣҲ֪ҪôȥЩ顣
˾СҲڷۿ⹫˾ôõĹʸô˧ϰ壬˵͵˵Ļǿûеطֹȥ
ûйҵΣڶ磬ҹڹ˾ˣСһѡ
ҿ֮󣬶ֲԤУ˾Σķּ
ʲôæҸھ¥ĲͣҹǺһЦ˵ҪһԸģΪһֱȽæҲûйϣҲʺ̫ҾͰѲͶһڼԡ
СǶ㶣ǡҪɢﷹ
ܣǹ˾Ҫɢ𣿡̲סʵﻹġ
Ҳܲˣ̲סһ۾Ȼһɹ쵼ߣڳҲһ־ҹû⹫˾и顣
һӴȾҵȦˡ
˭˵ҪɢֻҳԸô࣬ҹοţǶ˵ˣϣǮշǵܿǮԺùġ
⻰ƽʱĻɫɫС϶Ҫûȥռˣڣһû飬ֻƲƲǣǶҹĻӦӱȿ޻ѿ
ܣοˣһСﶯ˵ԺҲڳϰˣҲԶǵܣڳɾҸĹû֮һ
Ҳǡ
ͬϡ

ҹһͷߣˢ̳ˢë𣿡
С㿴ңҿ㣬ȻԼһĨ
ⶼǸ𣿡ҹ˵˭ְĻԸ򱨸棬ҲҪ£Ȼû˫ʵİ
Сˣְ»˫ʣ
ǰҲһ涨ǴְԱֻҪһ£Ͱ˫ʷţɲģֻܷµʣô԰ɣҹ˵
ܣǹ˾𣿡Ǵҹĵ⡣
ҶѾϷˣûҹʵ
û
Ϊֵ̫Ҷڹ˾棬۵㶼ѾرˣЩû£ֻϿЩźˣԽԽ£Խ⹫˾ǰȥˡ
ȻҲɣһıǸµûץǸԼݵŮҲҲڳҩҵ͵ĻᶼûС
ȻɣǾڳɵĳˣɴÿѾ쵽ˣҪҲûڳıҪ
ô˵ȥĻԺҲûиˣѾ˳˵ˣŶ˾绰ѯô£˴绰˵ԼƤڸоôôǲǾΪҩɵģ
֮ûµҲҪʣõҲҪʣðϻ𶼸оǸйϵ
£˭Ź˾һߵȥ
ҹ˵ڸոϷǿ϶ǺҪģκһעڳɵ˶ܺԣǾȻûп
ȻҶûпǾһ𿴿ɣܹӣ֮󣬴Ҳеʳҹ˵ţʹ򿪵ԡ
ܿͽԼ΢棬һոշϢòʲôûС
Ϣ˼ӵƵ˿̵תغ͵Ѿʮ־ˣɼҶĹע
㿪Ƶҹ˵ĻˣСǶʱɫеȻ
һƵ϶Ǻ֣صģ㲻ŷᣬҲҪһֶ̬Ȱɣ
˾ûУҿģȻոϴӣҲ㣬ôͷǰһ߳͡˵δҲ̫˵㣬߾˵ˡ
ȽæֻҲػԵڲ֪顭
ʱҹȷææѾ붦ڣһֱûע⣬ŷԼʱ侹ȻӳˣһЧҲǰҪЩ
ˣȻκ񶼲ˣô˰죬û뵽顣
ڳɵСһƵʱ򣬶ţҹô˵ӦȸߵǸҸлһ´ҶڳɵĹעұ֤̲࡭
Ǵͳ·ҲһһֻаѴҵɺŭƽϢȥ¶пһ͵أȻǿˮҲܰǵĹ˾͵ˡ
ǲգڱ仵֮Ҳһ³
ûУֻҹһ䶼û˵ʲôǸƨʲôлиë
˵֮˲Ϳһܷ쭵ĳ
ӶôԵݺף
ЩϷ˵ģ㣬ԹûУ˵֪˭˳⣿еվ˵һڱֻ͵͵ҵǽǣûеľ͸ұ죡
ǲۣɵȨǲҪ˵֮ӣʵԼʲô֪ɵۣǺ˵˵ģ»ҷϢʼ˭֤ݵ£ڳҩҵģһ׷Ρ
дȥҳ۵Ǹˣ֣㣬˸һһǧҲܱãֻܾңᣬԼңĻǺǣҲ鵽˵ʱ򣬿ɾֻ߷ɳˡ
вģֱ
ǻû꣬ҹһ仰⣬лҡ
Ҫл
лиϢʱ䣬ڹһֱⱾۣԴڿʼͣҵлҲǮʲôʱҸоĳЩ㹻ĳʱҲŻٿǹۡ


102 Ϊ
ǰǶγ۵㱻ҵƵѾܻ𣬵ڳҩҵҹġŭƵȴֻ÷ˡ
Ƶһʼĵиվķתأ·ŵ֣޲ʾƵĺ䶯
ҹȻǿӲ̬ӦҷԳͣҵʲôʱңҲŻῼٿʼ
ֱŵ˼㣡˭ţ
ƵЦˣЦнлϽͰɣ
¶Ѿѵˣһͨǽˣǽô죿˾ĿڱҪҪˣ⿴ЩۣҲܿóñȴǰˡ
ҹ˵ҪŻῪҵⲻǰԼĺ·
㣬ҹȴЦЦЩǮˣûһɵӣҲǳ˳֮󣬻оҩĺôǳҩһŻҪĻǲǡ
ҲҪɣ
ꣿڳĵˣǶʮҲҪһųˣҹҲżֻƵЦţϢһʱͦõģҿʱҶϢϢҲһȥΣѱģôû
ˣСҲˡ
ʱ䲻Ž⣬ȥΣĺ
˾ܳȥ𣿡ɻ
ôܣҹνһǧ򣬵ڶһڣǰеĳɱϣҲǮǼ˻һӶòɣİɣǳ費ڳҩҵҲᵹ
໡
Сһ£һӱҹ˹ȥ
ܣҪӡ
ҲҪӡ
ȻͿҹһ˳ȥҵ

ҿŸոƵҧ˵ܣȻԼǰȥһЦȻתĿ꣬ҹʳȥ
ۣǱ㰡
Ϻ
̫óˣôô죿ҪԺҲԲôóԵĶô죿
Ժÿ¶ǳһôҹǺǵʵ
໡
زСҹԼѾڳȥˡ
ǹ߻ģȺԽԽûûСŮǣЩԹҹ
ǺǣҵԱҪǶ߻ҹЦˣ⼸ûЦЦȥҪִУڵҪǿӡ
ɫһ죬⻰ôϹڸ˵һ
֪Լˣҹ˵һ﹤Աĺױ߻ģ
һǻܵӰ죬ڿˣ죬СųԱʱޱЦվſڣǺа취£˾Ȼǹһ
ǺǣûôĵģҹҲûվӭӣϵһĿˣ˾׬ˣҲͦ۵ģóϢһ£֪ϲʲô𣿡
ʲôǵޱû˵ҹʲôϲá
Է˯Ҹ鰡ҹ̾š
ðɣʵ̫ԶҲѹޱﶼռ
񻹺ܸƵġޱĸоˡ
飬ԸȣҲҪٶ࣬ҹȴûеһ¶
Ǻǣʲôżģ˳費ҹյ˵ʱҲ׬˵Ǯ㹻ˣҲóͣһζʱأͳô¶ɲ𣿡
²ֻô򵥰ɣޱʵ
ʵеûˣô˳ҵңҾġҹô˵
ޱǾҹ˵ĲʵҲûмȥȻҹ˵ǾԼȥɡ
úãһȡ֮Ĵ󱦲أĿǰȻ׬ǮǶСǮأɲˣǿ˷һˡⷽ棬ޱŷȨġ
ǺǣҹЦЦȴûм⣬𣿡
ѾȥˣźܿͻнޱӦҲҪ̫ϣԷ֪ܲҵǸŮˣҲδؾ֪˭ָʹģ֪ˣû֤Ҳûа취ġ
Ǻǣƭңûа취֪˭ģƾҵŮֶΣУܰǸ˸ʰˣҹҲ֪ڿ仹
ƼңҲƣǺֶܶζòġޱ˵һ룬ȴȻǰˣ
ƼõֶãƼҲܷ飬ȴһܣֻҪǸԵүڣʲôǲõģ
үڵĻޱ뵽֮̾ѵ
ǺǣҲ̫СˣҹֻҪ鵽һұ֤Ǹ˻ԼϵģҪľһ֤ݡ
ãźܿͻޱͷ
ҵ˶ȽϹŹ֣ޱȴϲҹţƽļӵܣµһʱ뵽ģôüһС
ҹпõģһõȴȻûҪá
ޱûü˵ʲôҹĵ绰Ѿˡ
ҹ˵ҵˣҪ𣿡õڵ绰ʵ
ͦİҪȥǱߣʡһˡҹ˵
õһЦ㻹֪ΪҿǣŰɣҵˡ
ҹȥͼõѾһʮŮ˽
ǲǺܾϲõЩСʵ
һתͷͿޱϵЦݶʱޱ
ãޱõЦЦ֪ôƺ㣿
õ
ԭС㣬ҹ˵㣬ֻû뵽ôҵˣǰǵĴæޱԶԷʾŸл
鱾ǵǿõһ칫ĵӣ㲻˵ôʶҹʱҪ
ʱʱ䳤ʲôġޱЦЦ
ţףʲôҲʲôһõš
仰ѾƴɱĽǱ߶űĹǣ߶
λŮöǺÿ̾ţܡӡ¶ǲ̫׶ˡ
ҹȻû˵ĶԻֻǳǸõŮ˿ȥ
Ů˴һص·ͷϴµĴ߶ñѴñ档͸Ŀյܿ˵ϵȷŴ󴦵ĺߣȥͦ˵ġ
Ǹҵĵˣҹʵ
ǣҡŮЩεص˵ͷȻͷû̧ҲΪϲ˵ԭ
˸Ǯҹʡ
ʮ򡣡
Ǯ
ҡһų衣Ů̧ͷ۾дС
Ͳ˵һҰɣʲôУ
ΪҪ裬һݺ裿ޱ治٣ҲΪһ¡


103 İ칫
кߵŮ˸ˣҲɺ⣬ǵȷ뷨
ʮͿһų裬˳裬Ҳùּ˵ˡ
Ҳûа취򣬵ûǮҵң£ұģǡûסΪʵǳﲻʮֲô°뱲ӣԡŮ͵ۿҹһ£Ž˵Ǻ֮ǸȻĸʮˣҷֳĵ궼ˣһŶ򲻵˵ܷҪңҾԼˡ
Լģҹ˿Ůˣõ
ԼģֻһǣͱŮõԶҲˣŮŶôץ͸ץֻС̶һͶܵģҲû뵽ֵô󡭡
鵽һŮҲûʲôһһʮ˵˳
ֻǾͷĵЩˣһЩػ죬ĻʹһϵҲûУŮǸǮҲûʲôص㡣
װīеģúܽʵ־ӵ˶һϾҲŵֱ֣Ͳܵó
ŶһΣǸ˴绰ŵ绰˽һܡͷŮһҪϸ
ܣޱҲʶˣȴҲûа취һʱ뵽ĸ˾ܣҹշ˴𣿡
շҹҲüͷ
Ƿɣǲ˼ҹ˵϶ĺҺܼǳϴΰǣԿ϶ʱʱ̶̿Ű취Ҫ㣬֮ǰһֱûʲôչҲ֣ڸոպһ̾ˣ
Ǻǣ㲻˵ҵˣҾȻôһûҹһ²ŻȻǰ˾Ųʮˣʱȴ̸̸ˡ
ҪҸһ𣿡õһվ
ˣҹҡҡ֣飬ԼɣȻ˼һ˵۸˵ġ
ҹ㲻ҪȻ֪˭ֻҪͨҵֶξܶԸôһСɫͷʲôֻҪݸ˵һ£᲻֪ˡҹѾߣޱæֹ
Ͳһ˾ȥҶԷûбҪõİ취ҲȥͨһЩҵֶ֪ԼԼЩӰ
Ǻǣ˼С㣬æ飬ոҲ˵ˣǾϢ£κҪģȵԺ˵ɣʱٲˣҹعͷЩǸظ䡣
ޱǸӰ΢΢ЩüƺǸо˵ľ룬ڸոЩʱԶ
һˡõƵ˵
𣿡ޱֺá
ҲǣٱõȻ˵һ£̾ͻӦ
Ҳˣߵҵޱ΢΢Цһ£ģÿһ֮ǰԼʤһ
õɫȴƽǿȴǿң㣬߽Ͳҹˣԭҹȥɡ
˵õˡ
ޱ΢΢ҧһ촽ò˵ûб濴ȥôš
ȱһʲôڴǰǲġǰǳһŲԸ˵ȴʲôԼ©ʲôڣǺõģվκһƯŮǰҪǰתͷȴûˡ
ǰǰûУõǰҲЩһ
˻ͷͷЦЦȻżᶨĲӣҲȥ
ƼС㣬ҵޱѾվ߶ȣκ˿ԥͲš

쾩˹ҩҵ˾ʱѾ磬ǲԱû°ࡣ
ҲûʲôɱԹģΪܾҲûߣ˿Ů飬Ǽ˸İ칫ҼӰࡣ
˭Ҳûע⵽иӰϢˣһֱܾ칫ҵķȥˡ
Ҳܹǣһ̫æܾܾһڰ칫ҵʱҪѧҷգȻǸȻװŸż΢ŷ촫
̵ּֽ࣬ĽǻӰ칤Чʵġ
ִҶţϺд붨ʱζ˴ҡڵ߽ȥҲģο˻ٶ죬ûоͽȥء
顭
칫ҵű죬תĽ౻ˣ洫˴ֱûŴϢ
˭ʲô˵æء
˼ܣڳˡ˻ش
һŸϽڰæ֮гѷ
ŮԹԼȹ˿˭ѾϰΪˡ
Ƿһˣʱһ£ǳ鴤£ô㣿
Ǻǣѵ㻹ʶҰҹһ̧֣ϰٹܾ
ɵúɣصʵǲҹάһƨֱӾԵ˰칫档
ŮһǱŵˡ
ӰԱ΢΢̧һͷӸոյ붨״̬ѳȻ˴˶һ£ԼͬذѶͳϡ
ܽ״ֵ̬ʲôµЧҩ˰ɣȻֽǺġֻôһ£ֿʼͷæԼˡ
СҹһĶȻĻһȥ˯һġ
ŮæصͷȻûʲôɱǿԷһ̧֣Ͱٽġ׷˳ȥֻҪǴԼһƣǰԼĲӶܴˡ
ͽɲȥ̽Էġ
ҹĻҲһԷûɱĴ㣬˯ôô˯û˯ô̺򣬻ʲô˯µģ
Ůܹɵض㵽һǽǣЩ˧һǸȥ
˿϶Ůѱܸƭˣġ
¶ûϵֻҪʵһ˵ŭ˵ĻӦûǺܰȫģ˵ˣ˿ͦ˧ʲôҪԼһ£û⣬ǸҪǿ
ܣ鲻ɣһΪ㶼ҸأȻûǾ͵úúˡҹƵ߹ȥڶԷİ칫ϡ
˵ʲôҸ㴳ҵİ칫ңˣ͹εˡɻ˵ͻȻϴε飬ԼȻ󡭡ûȻˡ
Ҳ֪һð취ϴζѾ˵ˣ㿴ۣʵû¶Ҳ㿴ȥǻţǼ֮ˣ𣿡ҹʵ
ҡҡɵ˼£û˵š
Ŀһ£ΪԼ桰Ӱࡱ԰칫ҶŪúʵ˸Ϳ淢ʲô
˵ûõģԼŪ칫ҵʱѾǹ⣬Ǽװ˸رǱ߻ܴһȻĻ칫ҿǰúܡ
ƽˬžžȴ޵Ķˡ


104 ҵ
㲻ŰҹְѷɸͻȻһֹŹֵַĸ첲һŤ
ɵĸ첲ʱǹһʹ̣ᣬһﳶɤӴһڴʲô
ǵ˰죬ҲʣҪǿشŶ龰һжӯôƽԱ
ܣҹЦʵ
ʲôʲô֪ܻ
Ŷԭʲô֪̫ˡҹЩϧҡҡͷ
κãҾ͵ʲôҲûзڳɵûϵæĻ
Ҳû˵ڳɵйϵҹ̹˵ֻʵ̫ˡ
治ңû֤ݾôҡ۵ֱ졣
ոΪԷǲ鵽ʲôԲأʲô֪ôˣ
𼱰ⲻ֤𣿡ҹ˵ڷɵһ첲Ťһ¡
ַǰ̸ģö֣ڷֽǣǰҹﲻЧҲûôԣȻǺɾúˡ
Ǿ죬ҲѶƹȻһǷģҧӲͦţŶԷҰŪ
û֪ҹʲôǹ˾ôͷĲҹʲôȻԼ⣬Ҳܲ
Լ⣬Ҳһܲ
ϴǸСԼûʲôֱӵ֤ݣԼĹ˾ǿɾͲһˡ
ҲǾ죬ȻѶƹˣҹҡҡͷҲǺܹģô㻹ͦסĻҾͷ㣬ô
Σɵϵķⶶ˶Ǿ͵Ƕθ첲Щ¶Ҳ˵˵ܻ˵˾Ͳ֪ˣξΣ
ǡ
ĥ۵÷ɲͷ۳ȥһжȥˡ
ѽû뵽㻹ǸӲͷεĹ鶼ɿڣҵҪˣţߴΰ˴εҲû⣬ҲۡҹһӾҪٶ֡
ͣͣͣɷֵĶͷϣӹµµ㡭㡭˵ֻܹҪξͷŹң
ǺܹҲ˵ξͷ㣬ҹǺЦЦǸˣ˹ǹеá
ͨ
һֱŬ֣ʱˤ˵ϣ갡ôйôôһô㡭̫۸ˣ˵˵ôװ׼θ
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ҹҿ˿ɻ˵ֻҪҲ˵˵ͷŪóˣô֤ɱ㣿
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Ž۵Ů飬Ҫȥݺһֱּͨˣڱء
˵Ҳǣʱվ˵Լ֤ˣǲǱҹɱһ˭ͷðɵŻô˵ء
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105 Ҫһ
ˡɸով⻰һֵȥˣûҪԼȶۡ
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ҹ˵ǺʹشӦ΢ַڶϢ
һ䣬ǰȥˣţҶΪѾȥˣǡ˭ںҵж࣬˭֪ҵȥδΪʲôһһĲû취ÿÿ뵽־磬Ҿʧȥȥġ
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106 һҿ
쾩ҡ
ҹٵʱº޲ܻɳ̵أˮý֣ڣѹŴӭӻʵղԱĹó
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ĸŮסһСԺȻǺܺǰţǱȽʺ˾ꡣ
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ҹЦЦͷ̲ȥɣҡ
̲ҲǸˣȻٵݣӦһԼˡ
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ҩɻ󣬡֮ǰǸһų𣿡
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֮䣬Ѿ˻˳ĸݡ
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ⲻ𣿡СƿӵݸĸףҹרŸҩء
ҩôܵﰡҹЩΡ
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ҹϵһų裬ݵǰŮһҿ
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107 ҾԶ
ҹ֮˵ԼǹߣҪķݷģС壬йߴڣҲֻͼģǮƣһҲȥͻǷǳǵΪ
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108 ٻ
ɸпţⲻƯǲôǿһɽ
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Ҿݶ˵ģݾǳãҩһƾֶΣҲֻҪύﲻã
¶׽ⶾѣ־ܽⶾˣҪ¸ʲôģǼֱȳԷˮҪס
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ٲҾֻԶˡ⻰ھ棬Ҳ˵вǶɷá

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ʵһֲһغǵʱֲһֱڣҹ˵һֱڵΪγһ˻Ҿﶯ֣ȴûУ̫ף̫˳Ҷое̫ˣĲȴڼӾ磬ԲǴ
Ҫ뿪쾩뿪ǣЩҹ˼ˡ
ҲⲻһʵĵطҹͷҸĸոʱҾͱ͵ϮֻһΣЩ˾ʧˣһˣѾǵҹҲҪӳĻᣬŻҶ֣ұҪᡣ
ܰʲô𣿡ûȰ裬ΪҹҪ飬ȻǱģȰҲûãΪѵ顣
úôңһҹ˵
ţһġסҹ˵
ûɣҲûжֻס߶Էκڴ

粨Ǹһ䣬ҹʾϻôɳӣǡʱרŹӶ˴ˮˢۣװԭݸѹȥ
ʱҹڱ̬ڵ˲٣ԱѾżˣԸԣԺ󿴻ٶɡ
ԲۣϢһһƬεżһ£ŵǺٰɣ
ƷţļţҲ̫˵ϷҲˣҪų찡
ɲô˵ҹɿˣЩ裬ûҪˣųһԺгԳˡ
ڻöڻһЩȼ֮ˣ뵽һ㣬Ҫ۵㣬뵹Ҳ˸Ĳа
˵ЩģҲֲǮǿû˼ȥ׬ǵۣݵġ
ֻǳ̫ˣ򵽣´λܶһűãõġ
ҩܴܲꣿǸ⣬һҪ⣬һţʱҲֻ˷ʮҪõĻɾ׬ˡ
Ȼ֮ʮ֮ûеֵÿǵġ
ʱʱһµܣҲ֪ҪٻأһһˣֱӰѳˣЩ˾ǳûеóˡ
뷨ٶҲ֮󣬻ҪǺܶ˾ͷŻţһҹһ¿ҵһλжٵĳ򡭡
ͬʱٻϽ֮ҲѾ֮ǰҹкҲû뵽ҹôʹشӦ
ȻҶôǰѾˣòҹҲûиʲô𣬵ٻȴܹоҹ̬ȲãǳòǳڶһصĹϵֻ˵֮Ļҹһ仰Ը˵
һεг̣ҹȴʹشӦԺܴسٻ֮⡣
ǲǺ⣿ܳɣҹʵҾ˳糵ȥתת
ٻҡͷЦţҹܸЦҲǱǰһɣ˵ĸţٻҲ⡣
Ͻ֮УֻȥϽ쾩Ͻһ·кܶطǵĿꡣ
޴ʵķٻҹ֮⣬⻹мҲĳĴЩʲôģƽæˣ֧һٻȻǿԵģǸһʮʱ䣬ܵϽȥƣǿɵ
ʵںܶ˶벻ףһңո¶Ƿ츳ѸܵӣүҶҪӵˣǰôҫ۵ĳɼ֮ôͻȻ͡˼ȡתͷȥ˴ƻ𣬻ôľͶ棬ԲһüõĶ
Ҳ˾ٻܴڵľٶڱԼһ̬ȣ
ٻʼնֻǸϱûһǿƵϹٹҫ۵ĻǻΪ˵жƣɾõһ˲ͬʱܸԼӮò飬ʵ̫ˡ
ҲٻôģֻȥڳʲôѾ̫Ҫˡ
ЩٶԭͬĵĻһˣǾҹˣԴӸٻ֮󣬻ϳ˳Էʱ֮⣬ʱ󲿷ֶǲ֪Ķˡ
˿һﻹǴ˳糵ˡ
ٻȻôΪ˳糵ҹôģҲףҹΪʲôҪԼôһˡ
ԼҪһеһӽ
ǺǣٻԼúЦһǰ϶ôΪڣͲǸɵС㡣
ڵҹѾǼˣοߣһԼƯ⡣
ҹվһʱﶼоĺ䣬һ۵
Ľ⿴ҹʱΡůƺһƮݰ꣬˸оҸĴﶼõϡ
ٻĽЩʣڴһ죬ԼҲһˣֻÿÿ뵽ʱܻᱻһĪĻռݣȻһ̣ԼǿаѸո뵽Ķ£Ǹ¾ܵˡ
ι㵽ʲôˣо䳵䷹İһֱϽ֮ٻ̲סҪԹһˡ
ѽⶼ㿴ˣҹ̯֣Ҳ֪豻ǸݺڶûеˣҲ䷹Ҳǽʡ֧
ðɣٻˣԼҲʲʲôˡ
ĻվɣҹԼʧȻÿԷʱ䣬׵ð˲òɣһֺ칦ܣԷżǿĸӦ
˵һرͻľӢеسΪԻ
һˣҹǰ֣Ϊˣٻˡ


109 ʯ
ٻȥһɽ忼죬ͬʱҲҪ˽һ¸ĵΣͬеҵıڣмЩС͸
һɽСɽ˵һرķ羰ٻҪʵȥһ£ԵĻ԰羰ʱȻԴһƬľ÷չ
ϵһʱ򣬴ͣϢˮٻСﵽߣһȥˡ
Ǿʧ룬һвɽˮͿˣҪ˸Ūûˣǻȥɾˡ
ȥұɽõĴǣɽﲻ̫ƽƯŮɽ֮ױԣ⼸ѾмԵûûҵ
ӱɵˣ̫ƽ̫ƽ˵򵼵ʱô˵רһСʲô˼
ٸ˼Һʲôã˼ҵŮҲǶˣڶ֪˭ȥҪ˼Ҵ·˼ҵŮҲᶪ
˼ûҪˣѾǲˣȥǴǺ֡
ô죿û⣬Ҳ֪˭ҹ绰
ҹҴ٣Է칦ܵĳԻ˵Ĺϵ
ЩҲǲͶҽֻȶæͺãҲϣҹǸ֣ȱҵһЩ
ô£ҹһӵ绰̾͸˹
ЩԶʱѾҪˣ̾͵ͷظϣȵ˵ʱҲѾһСʱ֮
˵ʱһڹǰ󾭹һ顣
ҵϢĵطȥҹҲüͷͻȻתͷʵʲôɽ
ѩɽոյı̻ش𣬡˵ںʱһƬѩɽǴʱģֻһͨĴɽѡ
߰ɡҹͷһ˴ȥµĵط˱ϵŰȥû£Ҳû££ҶŹǵġ
ҹЩΪʲôڵһʱ֪ͨǱϵңȫΪԱȻףôûκЧġ
ٻ飬ܹסǻһϢȥ
ԥ֮󣬻ѸٸҴ˵绰ʧٵϢ
һ߶ҹҲǵ˵ʱϢĵص㡣
طһƬյأмʯԹԣΧȥܰҲûʲôҰ޳ûĺۼһжԭʼ̬
ʱ˺ǸСǳǸߵģȻһתǾͿˣڽʱҶϢΪȥʲôûиȥֻͣ˰СʱûпǻŸȥһͷ˶ˣһӡ
ˣһϢͲˡЩȻǹߣҲһ˵ľҪߵö࣬ȻٻǵǱĳʲôԲӹǵĶ䡣
ʵϣȥʱ򣬾ʲôҲûˡ
ҹƾʧĵطĬĬʶ֮Ӧš
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٣㲻Ǿ˵˰ɣڵɫѾˡ
ǵȥٻģҲˤˡ
ҹûлش𣬲ʶԷֱϢݿϢǸоٻǵǸɽ֮ļз
ûٻôһСܵз߶ȷǸʡ
ҴǼڵľʯʼǸ±߶һ·мʮ׵ӣȴһӡû£ٻôȥģ
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ǣ١ȻڵɫѾѿ˼㣬̾ȥˡ
Ȼ֪ҹʲôǿ׶༪ˣҪȻҹҲҪ취µǸз
ߺҹ;վǸзϷʶ˳Ǽз죬ϵš
ףҹͻȻǼз֮ʮ׵ĵطͻأسһʯס
Ϸڣٺõ˶ܿ͸ʮףܵסҹߣȴסʶ֮ԺؾͿʯ׵Ĵڡ
ȻȥʯױεúȻһۿΪȻγɵġ
ǳʯ֮⣬ֶʲôҲûˡҹֻüɽָֻ˴ǰĶ͹⻬ʮ֮һɽϣһγһʯףϸһ޶
˵һʯֻɺϵĻھͺʣȻΪˡ
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˴ȥɲָǸСƽ̨ܽӵסΪзֻڿʼʱףԽ¾ԽǸСƽ̨λãѾ߰׵ĿȣСƽ̨ɽ壬ģˣֱӵǸƽ̨ϡ
Сƽ̨ҲٶףвƱ棬Ҳֻǻǵĵطѡ
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ҹĶ˼άҪ죬ԥûУѾ˼з֮УҽǸʯһ̤壬Ȼ׼ȷһʯȥ
Ǹʲôˣܹ鶼ʲôöɽ˵ЩѾʧ˺üŮӣǵȥ˵Ҳˡ
ʲôҡ
ٻô˵һŮ䵽˵Уʲô³֪
ٻҹûʲôӡ󣬵Ǿһϵе֮˵֮£ѾԶԷ˸Ĺۣ㲻رϲҲû˴ǰᣬȻҲһˡ
˵£ٻһŮҹҲֲܣοѾòأ
ʶ֮£ҹÿһ׼ޱȣ˿õĻȥʮԾ֮ҹվǸСƽ̨ϡ
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ʯڣʼʯϾȻһҪһ


110 ѩ
һĻزӦĳطһ۵ͻ߰
ȴȫҹֻܼϣȥʯڵʱ򣬻ûüȥ̽طȴһӸоʯϴʯͷҪȥһ
ҹһ죬ʯͷҲֻǰקһЩѣûʲôҲûʲôɺġ
ҲΪողŻоΣգûȥעʯڡ
ʲô˼ҹѸתȦ֮ͻȻʶһ⣬ûһˣ᲻ʯͷͰ˵ˣ
пܣ
ҹƾȫǿȴһûУжȴûд
ָоԼԼĻǿ϶ᱻʯͷˣ
ôĶڰŵˣʮа˾Ŷǹ֣һ־ȰˣֱҪߵ
ҹջûȥ̽ĵطʶ֮̽ʯں
Ӿȣʶ֮ʧЧˣ
ոʱѾ̽Ҫƽ̨棬ɽʲôӵģûгɹΪԼ̫Զˣʶ֮ﲻأڿʯڣȻʶ֮ã
򵥰ȻûмˣҹѾƶϡ
ſڰڵĶ˴ƻʵҪôԴҪô챻׷ɱ
ʯڻʶ̫֮ˣʶ֮ûȫʶ֮ĶءһЩǴʶ֮ӦķΧʯȴʵȫΣ
ô죿ٵȥ˵ٻŮٸˡޣٻٸ
ҹͷЩ߰ͷγӣʱѾ˽Сʱ£¸÷ĶѾˣǱҪȥ
˭֪Ǹ񶾵ļһ᲻һҪٻ
һͻȻоٻʵҲͦģ
˵ܶ϶Ҳ룬Ʃ޸ҡ˶Ϊٻ̰ͼңҹôΪʱҹٻһΪĿĲֶΣκ˵ĿɶŮ
ȴҡͷҹʱ׷˶ԱԹޣҲø
ٻֻҵһӣȰµ޼ң޼ҵˣµ˽ҡûãַ˸ʵλãƩң
ҴûжŮϹģٻĿѾˣôߵһȥмûҵİźʹٳɣǼǲܵġ
ٻһֱͼѣճԼʼҪѣһֱңҲûгɹڡ
ҹһʱЩˣڿɲЩʱ
䡭
ȭݺݺʯڣʯͷӲúܣҹڱ𴦣ʯͷҲҵ÷ȭͷȴһӦûС
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ҹû˿ҲܸоʯͷϵҪ
ҹʯͷ޲ߣһʱݣƶǵʯϣȫתս
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ҹʤһʮ־ȵط֣ʯﾹȻҲʯеһ٣ٱľͷǿʯҪࡣ
꿦ꡭ
ȫϼȭԣͿǵʯԼѳ˼϶һƣʯھѾ׵£¶ĵɽ
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ҹ̳ǸȥԷĵǣٻƺǻûܵ˺ץľȻҲһŮˡ
Ů˵ͷѾ˪ѩףһȴû˿ƣȥǶʮӣþƯʯϡֻһ˫۾ȥնģûһ
ˣ벻㻹١ŮҹҿɽʱѾֱҹӽɽʱ򣬲˵
ֻǵҹһ̤ȥ¶εʱŮˣǾȣû뵽ԼȻ´ˣȫһ
˲䣬ԭ¶һ˿Ȼʧˡ
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ЩϢҹͨõģ˵ѩȷһŮѩŵȴΪݵġ
ŮǶŲɲɲԽ࣬ΪԽߣܿ죬еҲܶ࣬ЩҲڲС֮УйߣϾŮ֮£ǹҲ˭ܽסջ
ҹ˵⻰ʱѾоٻںݺݵץĸ첲ƺڸҪȥŮ˷𣬲Ȼû
ǰˡû뵽ѩ̸֮ɫŮħͷȻҹĻ﷢һ̾û뵽ǲ㣬û뵽㾹ȻһŮôӦ˰ɣ
붯̤ҵʬ壬ҹĿ͸һ⣬ûˣ
ǰûˣû뵽һֱûκα鲨ѩ㣬һŮħͷȴʱЦˣЦмֽѣͻȻ֮ʲôƵģҹֿٻϵЦȴԵů飬΢΢۾⣬⣬ԶҲȴҵԸ֪ˣǺǡ
Ըҹ˿Ҵ⣬ǶԷϣѾû˿ĵ⣬Ҳ¶
ԷһպŮħͷʬ嶼ܴһ
ûУѩ۾֮󣬾ȻҲûϢ
ҹʶ̽ȥʱȴֶԷѾûϢ
ˣҹš
ʹթĻֻҪһʧֿɾС
һȥȭѩϡ
ꡭ
ͷҲ֪Ҷ˼ѩҲҵˤڵϣûа
ˣҹ΢΢üȴһʵһȭǻˣҲˣڶԷȴһûУֻˣȻʹթĴҲ̫Щ
ҹ߹ȥڴʱҲżֽ䱸Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ѩһŮħͷǰٻץ˹ȻûôأԼˣ


111 ּŮɱ
ҹѾˣҪ˺ˡٻȴסҹΪҪȥŰʬء
ţ뿪˵ҿڶҪˡҹֿһѩ磬Ŷٻ˵
ǲģٻЩȻ˵ңԶԶûôҪ
Ҫֻһ׬ǮĻѣҾֻ׬ǮҪһٶʮֵСģ˵Ļɣҵĳλ
ҪѳƿأߵһɵλϣȴǱûҪѵöࡣ
ڣ㲻ȥȥֲķһ׬ǮĻã·ôһ
ȳȥ˵ҹûо⣬ֻǴٻȥ
ܲܰźãٻȴתͷѩʬӦҲһŮˣô䵽ֵز
ѩðɣҹ֪ľҪ˵ĻЩɱ˸Ķȥ
ҹֻһüͷҲûоܾҪٻ뵽ԼֱӾܾˣŻܡ
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˿ѩĿޱȰ꣬˭ڿŮڵӣ޷˵еŮħͷϵһ
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ٻףΪʲôҹһֱû취ȥԭ

ӹٻûоҪˤȥȴҪһɡ
УҹͻȻһ˦ᱧǰһûԤףٻŵüһ
漴ڵһڵϣҹʱ˱ţٻֱӾˤˡ
Ȼûеٻһ£ҹѾ͵һ˹µµڵϹ˼
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ô浱û𣿡ҹ˼Сʯӣֵһſ˳ȥһţٲȥҿҪӴʯͷˡ
λȻûжѾһԼصѾˣҹӽǣӦǿ˲ŶԣǸոʯȴ״롣
Է֪мˣһ֪ǲ׼ȷλã̫аˣԼˣҲֻ֪Լĸλ׼ȷһϡ
أӵʯͷֱӾͲͷˡ
˵ǲµģǲµҲ̫׼һ
ƾԸңеѣгɣȻôҹ˵ţɱˣһһɱôˣ֪ҪʵʽŶԣŮһУţû´θŮģҶûȤƯģһǶ
ҹͺһɫһûһ˵ŹֻҲܶԷûлش
ͻȻҹͣˣһƬȵ̾Ͱúûһ
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ԼλãԼ˶֪ɶԷԼһ¶֪Ҳˣų뻯ɱѻֵİ
֪ԼʲôݣҪɱ֯Ҫһˡ


112 һѵ
ǴεĿʲô˰ɣŮǲҪˣҹϷʵڿʼǹӵվһ룬ҾŮ˵ͱһҲ̾ɱڼǾ͵Ҫ彡̶ˣǴģҲʮ֮ڿ϶Ǿأ
ҹոմѩĿɱ˵֣Ҳǰ˵ɱ˵ѩŵһζԹòɱǷѩ飬Σѵʱһ
ոҹʶһɨͷɱ֣Ȼ϶ɱ˵ˣֻһˣаˣǴٻǿɾͲ˵ˡ
ûֱӲƴթ˶Էһ£ĵľЩɱ˵ˣʶѩ㣬ʶĵӡ
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˵ҹ߳ٻվѾֳֵڶԷĲϣһ׼Юơ
ٻ·ϵһƬѪ죬ۡ
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Ҳұ֤һŹʮģֻϵֵ˵ڶѾأҹ˵һЩûб߼ʵĻ

ҹû˿ԥһֳٻȥ
ס֣ɫƤƤ㣬òһŮɱ֣ͬʱʯͷվ
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Ůɱֶٻȥոٶ̫죬ûп̫һٻ䣬ҲҪӣѩ㣿
Ҳ֪ڹ紫˵ȷһЩˣǻ߰ʮ꣬ҲһֱʱòҲѩʱӡ
ǲȷǸҶǡ
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ҹҲһɫһɨ裬ﻹͣرԹ澹Ȼ·ǴôΪɱ֣ҪиɱֵӡѣҲѵ
Ůɱֵﶼǲһ˿ŭɱ֣ɲС㣬ȻʱΪҲŮɱŮƣǶǵͼɱ֣ǲͬǹߣ
οЩŮɱ֣ҲȦףѶԷһϷˣڵȫͬǵݶǱ¶ģԷڰǵˣ
һ̣ŮɱֳֶȥѶԷ˺ĳ嶯
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ŮķӦҲ죬ŵһţȻϧǱȷɵһյûдҪ˼ϣѪš
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˵Ůɱһµ˿ûиоԼ˿ڣʮ־ҵҹȥ
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ӡƤձѵһȶһּܵÿŹ֣
޳ܣ̫޳ˣôô޳أ
Ȼκһλûб¶Ȼ·ţŮɱȴоɫǻҪ޳ܡ
һŮɱַӦ죬ѸٴһǹҪ׼ҹ
𶯰˵Сţһѷɵɲ̫ˣҹ׼˶ٻĵӻ˽̫޳ˣո˭˵ĴǹǰǹǴĶģʱİ
޳ܣŮɱֶǷ߷ߣԼʲôòã
˵õһѷɵأո֪ɳȥʲô
㻹ǰ·ѵһжʱͻȻ֮͵Ϯô˵޳أ
ףԡ
Լɱ֣ƽľϢ߶ֵǸոǾȻڱԹ͵Ϯ
ҲʲôǹˣҪԶòҵڣȻĻѽְһѵҹڶŶԷϷ˵
ŮɱֶһۣǺ޺޵ذѾµСǹӵ˼ԶҲС
ȻȥƤ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôջʲôɫǣһǵԼϻǹŸôһøԼκηĻᣬʱֱӾʹɱˡ
˭Ǵ·ģҹɫǾˣҾͦãȻְһѵ


113 һ
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ܣֻˡû֮ûа취һ𣬾Ů˯ֱ䣬һܸ㶨һðʵְҵɱ֣ŮԲ
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ҹԥѡһɽֻܶһˣǸʲô
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Ҳ֪ʲôɽľ࣬ʱʱĪðһЩʯһţȥʱµİͼһ
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˿˲ɽխķ϶Ŀռ䲻ֻǿˣٻ޳ȳƵģʱȴҲԵĳӷˡ
طȷ㹻أССķ϶Ϳһ۵ĵطֱƬҿݲڸǣҹʶ֮æᷢôһĺõط
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Ｗ˰СʱˣӶѾҪˣѵڻܳȥ
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ҹɻŵٻٴθһĶʾԷֻˣթ
ٻŲԼ¶ˣǶѾ˻
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ôôϻϻôô࣬㲻˵ϻҹһ仰ַʽڶš
ɱֶ˵Щ˭˵ĲǷϻ
ѧѧλŮһʲô·ྴҵҹ˵˵ǰҪѵĻˣҿ˻ĵġ
ŮɱֶҧսȭͷһҪȥˡ
֣ɱȴֹҹˣˣΪܴŮҸұ֤һˣҲһӲˡ
Ҿ˵òԣҪһ˵ĻһӵõҹȻ˻صɽ£ŮˣץԣʱһȰɱˣŮ·
ھɱ㣡Ůɱٴαˡ
Ҫٴֹǿڼŭ𣿡
ôŮɱֲΪǸŮѩ㣬Ϊǻ𣿡
Ǳҹƭˣٻѩ㣬һȥҹɱ
ȥãֱӿǹ򵥣ķɵȻԼ˵ķӦҲδؾԼ䣬ҲᱻԷϷˣǱ
ǲɱ֣ĿɱǸĻᡣɱֵĿҹλá
ҹһﲻǸɱ˽ּΣռ˴˵ˣƺֵʱҲڲϵľٶ
ҹٻĵطǰֻһխͨҪԸĻֻһ˳ȥͻȻ֮ʧֱƷĻ


114 еħצ
ȻɱֶԼһҲģȴȥϱ˵ĵ
ǹ档˵
λŮİۣǹˣ㿪
Ҵǹи߰
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ѩĹŵӣΪʲôҪɱǣٻͻȻû˸ղŵųʵ
ŵӣ֪ĵӦһɶʮСϵĻɢȼյɫȴһҲ䣬ɽͷһʮС˶Ѿɱˣ㻹ðĵӣ
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ⶫðҹ֣ðƶİɣλŮҾûǵӵȽϿ׶
ŮɱҲǳпȥֻٿػߣǲһ飬Щ˶ɱλȽϸߵġ
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ɱֹȻЩҲסҲףԼĻ澹ȻᱻһƸûˣ˿ȥĸһûǹߣֻһΪʲô»
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ҹʱҪߣһĽٻܻڷ϶
ҹվţһǽһؿŻеĳ·ȵ˷ӿСɽٻܸоϻһƬ
ߣûУͷҹһ¶ûйӰӼᶨΰ
ٻֻ۾ʪˮҪˣӰִĳط
ԾأѾҹ߳һ쿪˫ۣӺرסˮʵıϡ

ҹһ飬һʾͰٻ𿪣ײҲź浹ȥ
ٻˤ棬ȻҹӶֱۣĴЩĻ硣
ᣬˮһ˳ӱײúᡭ
˵ĻŮɱֿŰɽס棬̲סȵ̾ţʵ̫ˣ
˵Ļ棬ûӵùн˵ǻŪһʥĵؼ۷ǿߣҲ˵Ļ֮£
ʥꣿŮɱֶһ
ɱ֣Ȼİǡɱʥĵؼ۷ǿߣ
ûȥŮɱֵľ㵣ѾĻ֮ǰ
ҲŻ򣬵ڷȼ֮£ĻѾڸĥˣƵĻȻ˭ֵˡ
̾ʱ򣬻ͻȻһӿŴͫȻһֻȼŵĴ֣֮̽ħצݺһץ


115 Ҷװ
ų羴飬ɱ˻֮ǰƺҪǰȥĤһ£ȻڿǣҪôԼһ֤ݣ֤ҹѾԼɱˡ
²ӦѾô𣬺òҹճɻңͻȻ䣬ܵĻ̽һֻȼյĴ֡
ֻ˿ûͣ٣ɱִ͵˲䣬һѽ֮УޱȲҵĽ
˭ǸͲ룬Ϊҹһֶӣûзһɱָոձȥ̲ҽ⻹жϲǲȱ۶Ǹû۶
ʮ룬ҽֻǳ˶̶̵ʮ룬Ȼһжƽټɽֻʣ˻ȼյ
ôĻ𣬸ոúԶܸоŮɱ֣˿ȴһ

ӿţһһֵؼȻͿһΣֻϻȼţϵĻҲһ١

ǻ泹ϨˣǸһ̿һˣϻðẓ́ǺҲر٣һ˿˿һƣ񡭡һ
ҹѻˣ
ǸɱأҲˣ
ɱֵŮӣ϶ǿëë涼ģǴʱŮɱֿ̿ΣȴҪĳ嶯
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Ǹ̿ڵûзɵ΢΢һתʱŮﶼëȻ
ˣúԶıܵһʱ䷴Ӧʱȷľٶ
ӣһеߣ
ҹǵĿꣿȥѵȥɣǸʲôϵ
ȥܵ˵ĳͷ˭ŶǳͷҲȱһһڳǿɣ
﷢ʲôǿǵ֮УҹһһڰǸɱָԵġ
˿̣Ůɱֶûٶȣͻ˼ޣܵúһһ綼ûǵٶȿ졣
ŮɱѾԶʧɽһ̣̿κȻȥϵĺ̿Ҳˤ˼飬ֻλǺġ
ҹٻһʱͳ˹ȥ
ŵƺѾҹһˡ
Ǻܿ죬ϲΪҹıʱԵظоĺڡ
ţ̫ˣûбõˣ
ḧϵĺ̿һɺԵһֻһ俦ϵ¶Ƥ
ٻˣչ֮󣬾Ȼһ¶ҲûƤ
ܿͷֻ֣ƤϸƤûκˣͷûб˵ֱ̫ˣ
ٻҲ֪ڲǽֵʱҪҹһȫĵطУ˭֪ûɱ֣ͻȻһܵŮɱֻ֣᲻ٻ
Ȼ֪ŮɱѾŵǹòʱͲֵˡ

ҹʱȫˮΧҲȵˮ
ʶЩģȴһػָţǵõʱԼҪŰǻ浲ǻĺֻܴҲǸ˻滹Ҫ
ֵǣʶ֮Уȴ浱ʶתսû뵽ⶫĿԱɣǲò˵Ҳ൱ĴۣЩճ֮Ҳϵˣǻտ
ž޴ʹ࣬ҪɵʱͻȻǸɱ֣Ȼ͵ԼĶߵɣһѾץ˹
ŪĻ棬ζǾ̫ˡ
ǻȻҹҲûпʼֿʱͻȻ˵Ϊڱɿš
ҲǵùûôױɵģֻΪͻȻ֮ðĻ֣Ҳһһ֮䣬ͱ˻
ܻ棬ָȼգҲǱֻܵҪ㣬תսҹһɵ˾Ϊʵ罭뺣һҹɵԼҲ⼫ķ˲ճ˻ҽ
ҹͷֻЩ̫һʱ֮ҹȻֳܲ˵ĸоһͷ˵ϡ
ʱŮɱתͷɱҹ͸ֻһ򵥣ֻϧҲ벻˵ķ𣬺һٿػ߶̵ҹֻһܶķˡ
һ㴫ҹıһĶͷϡ
ٻĵ̾һҹôأĳʲôµĻҡ
Ů˻ǿԣǴǰ˽ˡҹţûбҪǴǰٻҲó
΢΢һҹ۾̷ԼǿһڵСȪţûд·ȻˮҲ
Ǳ𣿡ҹɻתͷϲٻʵ
ٻʵһ죬漴ȴȦһ죬Ҫ޳ӡһҪ˵ҹϡ
𡭡ҹϱһɲģȫɵ״̬£ɲܸٻ̫ˣҲ㸺˵һ׷ɱأ
ҹ仰ҲǸЦٻȴһ̾ʶԼʧ̬Ҵүӣȥһ¹ˣȻǲʵġ
һʱе죬뵽Ǳѣ͸ӵˣЩ֮ǰ񶼲⣬һӶӿ˳
·أҹɻʵ
綼ճɻˡٻش
ҹ
ճɻˣȻǸñ¶ģʲôѾ¶ˣҲȷΣûˣ·ʲôģֻС¶
յֻһ˵·ҪǰٻҲˣ¶ɾʹˡ
ô찡ٻʵ
ҹҲ֪ʵʲôܲһֱԼҲô߳ȥɣôɾ䶯ˡ
绰Щڣǿ϶Ҳ㣬ҹͻȻʶʲôһ˶೤ʱ䣿
һһҹٻش
ҵ˿϶Ҫҷˣ᲻ҵǿɾͲһˡҹЩĵ㻹ȴ绰
绰ȻֻٻˣҹϳԼĶ֮⣬ȫǻĶ֣ѾɱһɻƮˡ
ٻͳֻһźŶûУ˶
ֻһȻȥ˴·Ұɡҹ˵
ҡٻıЩȻ¡
ǿƵٻСŮĽû˲о
ҹûгֽ̬УֻҲ뵽ٻɱ˵ˣǿɾǰˡ
ҪٻʱƺһЩ˼άҲԾ΢΢ЩЦ⣬ĿϷȥһҶװ
㣬Ƕ죡ҹ
ٻŽЦ⣺ҿˣǱ
ҹȻоĳһʹ̲סƲƲ죺


116 ˵ĸ
ԸôȥٻҲε̯̯֡
֪ΪʲôҹΪѵӣеĸˣֻúȤӡһطһֱһ˶룬ҲһῪİɣ
ǸʳҲд𰸵⣬ֻٻһ¶ѡ
ãɣҹҧҧ
ٻŵʱ򣬱һϣɫͻȻǺ㡭˵ʲô
˵Ҷװɣӻȥˡҹҧ
ԼƤһ¾һ°ɣܲĹŻȥ
ٻһЦҪȥ׼Ǻ뿴ҹҶװǸʲôӡ
ȵȡٻҪߣҹͻȻֹ
ַˣٻЦģǲӸ߱˵ġ
ˣҵıڣ˳·ȥɣ˳Ū·ҹٻָһ
ˣٻͻȻЩʧ䡣
ȥɴС㣬ﻹûа취ءҹЩԹŮ鷳ˣһ
ٻգգ۾ֻ˳Ǹ˳ȥȻĵطҵıҲѾѸٺšٷˡͳطɱ
ٷˣү˵£ҹϵɽϢأһڿٻûд󰭣æ㱨ٷû¾ͺãǿȥүɡ
ţٻҲû뵽ټңξȻȸһ˵·
Ƭ֮ٻתٻصСȪڵأһ㣬ɪɪıڡ
ֹһСʱٻ»صǸСɽʱɽǸɶҲ˴ٻֻǿ˿˽ɽᡣ
ûпһͷŮ𣿡ٻתͷЩҵɽıڡ
ͷŮˣǶãһ£漴϶ûУɽֻһŮȫҹˡ
ٻüëȴҲû˵ʲô
СٻôᱻǸɽģҪҸˣ´οɲҪôΣյˣúڼʲôȥ򣬷Ҳȱ⼸ǮҪĻǮˣɱʲô鶼Լ˼Żġ־ϸ
ȻѾϰˣޱţĿⶼûһתơˣȻеؿڣǰڶԷүҲֻˡ
ȻǰŲһ绳
ٻˣ󷽣ӱƯһ
ٿүҵСడۻǲˣûҩ
ǲףɱ飬Ǻðײ˱ˣˮСײˣȦϸ̣ˡ
֪ˣ´һСĵġٻһ˿Ц⣬ػӦš
ѣһָոʶ̫Ϥ֮Ŀף˵ʱ½ǶûԷ
ˣǸСŮôɽô˵ģƺµؿڵ
ҹңĻҾ͸ɶһɱˡٻ˼صǸסɽ
ԭҹ̫ˣţأһҪúлл˼ҲŶ԰
ҹ˵ѣȥǣһˡٻ˵
Ŷֽʣأ׼ȥĶ
ҡٻƺǳһ£ͽɣҡȥҹЩѡ
ҵ۵΢΢һ£Ǻܿͻָһȥ𣿡
ҪæĻˡٻתͷ΢Цſɷ
ҲæЦţңӦúúģǾһȥҹЩѰɡ
ţٻӦţȴЩССź̫ˡ

Уһεĺլ
ɫؿűǰˣȻ˵ֽŶѾϣҲֻʣһʱӣȴǲŭȥ
ĶӣȻ˴ˣֻǱǻôŭҽ֮жѾɥʧĳ˵ֱǡ
ûиоôҲû˸Ҷ飬ǲѾŵ̫ã˶ΪҺ۸ˣȻ˶ԴĶӣ
ˡ
űĴţҪŵѾԺ
ššٲŵĻǾǽˡ
˿ᣬͿһӸ߸ߴڱΧǽ⣬Ȼʮವضϴ˹лһŮӰոǸĽˡ
ŮĶʮ׶ߵǽͷؾƺͲʲô¶һؾȥ
ıȻǳԸɷģһʱӿȥҽģȰ˷ŵ˵һĹأȻûĴ
ǽŭ
Ƕһ㶣ҲûǸŷɿܵ߱š
޳ʥѸˣŮָʵ
һʱʲôƺ
ҲʲôˣڸʱȥĻҿɾҪץˡɨڳһֶۣЩͲСһ
㱨ɣǸզզŮȻĪСȫûаֻǽǸľϵ˺ţˣǧҪ㻹Ƿһأ
硭
һСӵˣҧ򱻰ĸȥ̾ͱıڸһʱš
ǸʶѾԺˣƺϤͼ̧ͷȴЩ
ŸʲôҴ򰡣ĪСŸӣͻ𱬵Ը񣬶ʱڵһ
򡭡
ӡӡëˣһӵϣǳֿ죬ø죬֮󣬾ѾȫӵԺ
ЩһЩͷܵС죬ԼǹߵĶ֣οǡ
ĪСֱţκҲҲһ߱ҪԼҲȥһܼӵ㱨ϼŵĶ³ݷá
ˣĿ⳯Ÿһۣغһ
֮ԻϣȫΪʱҪǿһиƵŮǸ˵ŮǸΪʲôȻһĿȻˡ
ͬգ⵹֮ǰûע⵽ģѲ֮仹ʲôϵ
û룬Ѿ˸˵ǲ˼ѾðԼˡ
һʮͣмƣǸһʵ߽


117 鴤Ӣ۾
³˽˵طʲô𣿡ﲻ޷̵ʵ
ǰ˵³֣ЩЦһΪҶӣ˵ĿڸϣֻۣǶԷѾͷȥʲô飬ϣ˲С˹ܿڸҵϣһ
ǺǣһǺôӰϵıϷ˵ӣǣӣҶӴ˷ˣþƾһ仰Ҿܷ
ȷҶӣ֣صʲô˵ҪʲôۣԾܿڣֻҪõóģһ˫ַϡ
ĸϼź۾ͻȻĹâﻹϣ
һʱЩǺܿһԼǿе侲嶯ȻûκõģӦ鱾Ҳпȣˣڷϡ
ᷨɣ˻֣߱ǰ¸ûκιϵֻǹ֮ı飬ǰչĹ죬˵ķɣǲġ
ͲǹߣĪСæǰ硣
תͷȥĪСӣǣ
ĪСԷ˵һϡ
ⲻʲô˵֤ݣֻڸĪСҲˣϣûУҲκ˽֤ݣ˵ǣǾһǣûκαɡ
ǶԸɱģ˵ǹߣһɱɶѡ
˵ȭͷһҲףϼŶȥҲӵָѾǶ
ߵĹأã˵ϣȻǿƽ״̬֪ʲôء
Ǻǣܼ򵥣ĿԽˣһڣӦҲǹߣȻʲôһ۾ܿԷǳֻҪܴ⼸ߣͿ԰Ѹߣ򲻹⣬ǹߵĹء
˹ȻͷȥֻǸڵϣκΡ
ڼһֱԼֻȷҡҡͷȻʮ꣬ǹΪֻǻƼڣֹߣҲͱȸǿһЩЩѡ
ǶԷ߸ʵǱǿö࣬ʹһЩˣϻηѹѾĸˣǸͲɵ
˱۾һſ΢΢Цһ£ãǱȡ
ıһ漴Цһô³Ҳǹߣ⵹ûп
ǲǹߣȻܿóϰûУǸͨòͨͨˡ
ǣŵȭͷɿ⿪װĿӣĿȴŸķ򣬡ҶӣǣҾǣ
ͨˣ˵ȷǸͨˡ
һ̣˶仰һη
ĪСЩǶھȣȻһôǮϰ֣ȻһΪʲôԼЩ֪
ϼȻȲִͷǱĪС˵Ҫʵöࡣ
ոոô˵ʱǻΪֻΪɾŮԲŹô˵رġ
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ǣô˵ڻӦһ䡰ǡͬҪ֤ȴӵüᶨƣ
ãҸᣬ֮Ľ۵ģҲ𾪵˲䣬Ҳֻһ˲ѣȲĶӣܿԼ
ûлشֻǰװ׵
Ҫ̧ͷԼ΢ֹˣҪ
ӣʮ꣬ҴûоԼɷ׵ΣԲĸӣγ˵Ȧ΢죬ȴǺ̹Ȼ˵һΣϰҲһҪΪʲô
֡ɫЩҪ
γ˵۾һ£ƺһ֡ѾˣȻسķȥ

ıѾһվ˳γ˲Ÿոһͱקסһ󣬰˦ó˺üվȡ
ʱȴĪС˳ȥ
СѾͷγ˲ɵһƬģʱ˵ʲôҲˣֻԷȻһǸ䱣ȥ
һ֣γ֪٣ȻˣֻһŵˣϣԶԶСħŮ
ӣǱߵıȻһ£漴Ͳмˣû˿Ļӣ˭óһöûУǹߡ
׼˶Էȵ·һȭݺݳĪССȥ
ۿĪСҪУγ˶̲סҪһϾСŮԼԼӳֵģҪΪˣԼŲжΡ
ۿһȭȥĪСӣǲҲҪ˰ƫƫ˭ûа취ȥһ¡
ʱĪСͻȻ͵һ׹Ҳ֪СѾͷôģȻ˶ԷĽǶȣȴǰŵĹλãӶԷͷ˶Էϡ
Ӯγ˺ëǶǰһ
һ̣ǱѾӦȭͷҲ΢΢һ׼ĪСȥ
ͲԼǲУΪĪСǹߣԼ̣ҲޣһȭȥԷֻϹ°뱲ˡ

ֱ仯̫죬Թ۵˶ֻüһĪСҲʶԼ̫ˣߣһСܶùģʱѾû˱İ취
ҪĪСѵԸʱҲɥ

˿һӰӣֻһ˸ʲôҲûп
ˣѾ޽һȭȻһ´ˣ
ĪСڹһ̣Ȼವһ£ק˲ƶһ˻ȥ˿һ˱ڻ
һз̫죬˵ԹߣĪСԼеš
ǶʱСħŮһӾֱᱬݺݵرסԷĲӣ壬Ҿ֪һġء۸ңʮ߰˸˴һ۸ǣ۸ǡ
ëһ󱩺Ǳ߶ܹҲʮ˰ɣֵҲһλʮ߰˸ͷôİ
γǱȽ򶨵һˣʱҲĿɿڴؿǸĪСˡ
ͻȻ֣һӢۺճһˣЩЩء
һոµĺɫװӢǷףЩոյ龰ʮ䣬ǡûг£ûûص߻īŶⲻǹؼؼΪʲôӺͿӶ߷ֵģ¶İСȣʾŶԷҲûд
һУƺ˵һңԶصĻ⣬Ƕһ͵İɣ
Ӣ۾棬һӾͱŪû鴤ˡ


118 һ
Ҳˣγ˲ͬ˻˽ġ
ҹСҲҵ¶ΪĪɽǸżͱǸռˣ䵽Ҳûкȵ
˵ǹμңҲûеõʲôôĶӶҹ⵹ƽһ¡
ҵ֪ҹǺҵˣûȥƽ¶ˣ˵ʲôҲҪ飬ô֮
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˺ܶ࣬ҲǸֵıڿûôˡ
ݵһ֮ѾѸٳҹ֮Ծȥ
һȭǴĪСĻոһĪСֻ뱲εˡ
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һˣܶ㵽ȥվĪСԼ͵¶Էһȭ
ǹߵһȭͬǹߣҲôܵģ
˶ڿҹҪôѾҪһҹ
ʱҹˡתֻתѣȴѶ׼ĪС󱳵һȭ嵲סˡ
γѾĿȥһȭȷǴ򲻵ĪСˣȴʵʵҹϡ
顭
ꡭ

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ոջ͵ϮֶʮıڣһãȻԼĸ첲񿴹һҹĺ󱳡
Ǵˣһȭ˶ԷϣԷûл֣һʱޱˬ
һ̣꣬ߵطֹ۵ľȻԼ
ֻˣҲ벻ף⵽ô£ѵԷʲô˺װ𣿿ҲϷ
ʱҹ´ĪСתѾڵϵıڣͷôҲҳ죿
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ˣҹûȥǸڣȴǵһʱŸ˵
ҹ硭ƺЦһ£Ҳֻ΢΢һ¡
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ҵҪ㣬ҽ첻СߣүӣôԸңԴЦ⣬յһֻϺꡣ
ˣүүһˡҹ
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Ϊһ޹صˣ޶ȥ鷳ҹ仰˵˳Ǹ޹أɸйأܳŵģֻԵǷһ飬в˭飬룬ã
ͷ֮ǰ֮Իʣǲ̫ԵΪһˣ͸ҷȻǸүӷȷ黹ס
ҹ̹ȻЩ˵Щ֮⣬Ϊҹƴ֣ԼеѹٽѸߣѾ˶Բߡ
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飬ãοԵ飡
һȴüëһ£źֻǸоڵңҪ
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ܸܲһ˴ΣĪСͻȻʡ
㻹Ҫ𣿡ֱҪ֮Աǡ
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仰ֻǾһ£Ǹϱ۵Ĺ֮⣬ڶ¶΢΢ŭݡ
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ȷҪһ𣿡ʵ
ĹǴһ⣬οҪһԷˣֱǷֿԡ
ϣ㲻ҪڣҹĽȩ̈
̨˵˰ɣӦ˵仰
ֻЦһԿʼ𣿡
ʼ
ҹڵͬʱѷɵѾ˳ȥ
ȥ˵͵ϮҲ̫޳ˣոռһ仰ʣСӾӣһԼĻشֱӾͱ˿ʼźš
Уǰں󣬱ոڸǰվãɵѾˡ
ǰĸƼ䲻Ӳӣ׷ˡ
Ҫ¶һ֣һǷɵȺٶȣתûһɵļƣһҲϽ˻
ӷɵɲɵȥķɵûУܹ鲻˵Լûյķɵǿǲҽӵġ
ǵˮƽ˵׼ɵסָͷûˣôòʧ
һֱǸˡ
˺ëǶǾһ亹һɵҪǴ̵˸ϣǿɾͲҴˡ
￴ȴЦ˳ҪһѸˣǿǸӱˣԼͷϣ
ڴҵĵĵģεΣɵѾڸһ
ûˣ
ϵİӶɵϣ
ѷɵȻΪ͵ϮҪ˸ϵİŵӡ
ȥס
ȻëǣӦˣ̾ſҪµĸȥ
ЩȻǲˣ׷Ҫ뵲סˣΪһѾǵǰ
һˣ˵ǰһͭǽڣ
ȵһ˻ȭͳҹҹȥɻûзӦô£ѾǯĴץסһֻۣÿ꿦ȻշȴǺݺһƼϣҲ֪ԷĹͷûУֻ߹ǲλ˲ȥһƵġ
ˣգ۵Ĺֻʣĸܶġ


119 ϲҹ
ĸ˶ûжҹˣǰһȵƼŵ
Լͬϰ
ǶһۣȴûǰǸĬĲȻƼıھͿˡ
ǹܵٶȶҪһض
ô죿ɣɿ˲ͬȥʲôԶ׼ģ
λܵñǻ죬벻ҹҲͬа
ҹʱûи̫ǰĿѾµĸ
һҪ£ǹ𣿡ҹתͷ
ҲǸ壬ҹҲǰһֻԼһˣҲһ壬ȻǷݼҵҪȴҲΪԼ̫鷳
ҲΪʲô֮ȸｲǵһʱȥԭ֮һ
һԭڵĸѾڣǿгȥЩʲôЮֵ˼ܿһӾûˡ
ﵭؼһ䣬һ
ֻڣԼȴ۷壬Ҫǿö࣬Ҳλޱȹԭ֮һ
֮ǰ˵ǣͿԴߣھȻĪС̾ߵ
˵ǴˣͿ̸飬Ļ̸΢΢һСһǣЩǻһ
ҹûȥ˵ʲôֻǿ˿ȷԷܳŵȥվ
Ȼһϰɣҹ˵
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ˣǹǱڣҲӲͷƤǰȥ
ҹսȭͷҲһǰȥ۷壿ǲҪ
ҪһҪѸߣ˭ţͰſ£ǵؼǼǹ
գͻȻͽ˭ܿóҲһĸ֣
γ˵ȭͷѾ߬ЩϣԼȴһûиоŸļˣҲĿתضǱߵ
ֻͣĪСޱȵģǸͷſ£
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ҺٻˣҹҲһ£תûᣬӦòԼΪѵģ̾ȥˡ
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ʧԶӭеС£ټЦˡҵҲ֪һЩòƲôҵҵҲС
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ѽЦһ£ȴȻһŸոտǱ߱˵ӣ־űӣôᱻӣǰ˼ҸŻˡ
ȿȡȻ׼ǵһνӴǻҲЩӦˡ
ٻҹǱ߿һۣĿģʵҲЩϵһӸǡ
ŶƤһ¡
ҹȹҵԸո˵ҹֵܣ˵СͻܲܿǵϣôˣٻЦЦȻʧȽϴһЩܼĲҲӦõģģһԿġ
Сͻͻĵطǲ󣬿ʧȴһҲС
ȭͷջ̾һ
ԲӣԵӣΪԼܿҹ̹ϵԵûǵ˵ģٻƾǸӣ¶ǳˡ
أҰѻ˵̶ֳϣɿڵĻǾеʶ̧ˡ
ȻλѾˣʲôʧЩ⣬ҡ֣ٵϣô˰ɡ
ôˣĪСߵôˣǸͷûбʰһͨأ
ûȥ㻹һͨߣôŻеˣ
ҹȴҲûпЩˣ̰Ѹתȥ
æߣëҲ¡һӶ˳ȥ
ĪСȴĪؿٻһۣɱŶҺġ
壿ٻûɵĻ˵ˣ漴ʶ˵ҹΪᵽ⣬ЩЦЦСãˣɷ򰡡
ĪСתͷȥٻŵˣʱ۾ɴ󣺡ôܣ
ʲô˼ҶЩˣֻ־ʵ̬ʵûаơ
ĪСĴ۾գ˼£ͻȻЦˣ㳤ôƯô
ӴѾͷС𣬡һתŭΪϲ˦־˵˼Ҷе˼ˣ㵽쾩ҴȥԺöŶ
ллĪС˻ӻ֣ˣףҸٺϣ
ȻСѾͷҲȶԷ˵ʲôž޴ؿھȥˡ
ѾͷϲЩӣҹѶͦ˼ġ
ǰٻȻҲһԼҲǸ˼ˡ
ϲ𣿡ͻȻʵ
ţٻԾȵؿɷ
˵ͦϲҹġЦЦ
ǸడҿͨˣȻ϶ΪѪѹ̫󣬳ֲ÷ı硣
ҽԺĳȴһ硣
ŵȹ󣬸סˣǱϵ֫ȴѾûٻָĻᡣ
˵ǰһ䣬ֻһͨˣҲûа취ĺֻ϶ȹ
ˣ׵׵طˣ


120 ȫΪ
˵۾˽ǣĶӺҪôǸһӣҲ
ֻǱһˣһӳײзϣܽʵ
ߣŮҲ鸴ӣڴˣҲ֪ʲôӵ顣
ǸׯĸˣǿŸ۾΢΢ʪš
ӣܿˣ趼ܿˣΪʲôΪʲôǵȴأ˵ʱЩˣô꣬Ӷôģ
˵Ÿˣ۾Ǹ⣬˵Բ㣬Բְ֣һжĴҪҡǣҡˡ
˵ѴʪһƬͻȻһĨ۾ȥ
۾ҲЩ⣬ǰصʱǲص֮ȥˡ
ãôôɵ£ͻ赹ȥ
æסĸףȴȻشͷȥҲ̲ס
ҹ˿ĬĬ˳ȥǲ֪ʲôȻǸļ£ԼЩڣʼնЩ㡣
⣬ҹһֱȥ
ҹ磬ǲҪɱһǹ籨𣿡ëӵ˶Χŭ˵
ʲôƾЩͨıڶԸˣʵȥҹѵЩ˵
ңǺȥĵط𣿽첻ԼˣǸҲһ£Щһų
ҹȥĶëִŵʵ
ȥһҪ¡ҹ˵
ʲô£Ҷʵ
ڿһȻ˿ԼҪҹ˵
Ҷץͷ룬벻ͨôµĻʲôҪ顣
Ҿȥڿ㣬ǆôʲôŶ˭ҼǮҹͻȻ뵽һǮûС
߹ҵĶͷͬʱҲĿ䵽ҹϣֵţԭҹһ͵İ
ＯһʽҹȻȥڿˣ·ͲģϵʱٻҪЦˣΪҹû˼ڵʱ档
֮󣬵һϢǵ֪ĪСȥҾȸŻæϹȥ
ʱëǻڷ߷߲ƽһҹֶΧ
ҹ磬ǶôˣǱ˳״ˣ
ЩȻҹĽ鲻ǼҲˣرǺĹϵ֮ЩҲŶҹ硣
ҹ֣ص˵ҲˣķˣҾȥǸϼһҲˣ
ҹ磬ǸɣҶǻӦš
ɸƨ˭˵ˣҹһͷϸһǣʵʵشţҲö£ҪǾˡ
Ŷ˶ͷӦ
ҹȥһ¡ţҹֵ
ҹͷ߽˲ʾҹ֮⣬˶ȳȥһ¡
˺ӶЩ뿪ҲԸΥ˸˼ֻض࿴˼ۣŴŮ
ҹ磬ǲҪңڸҵ顣˵
Լ˽£˵ľͲ˵Ҳûô档ҹЦЦ
ʵҲܼ򵥡˵ȴЩֻҲ֪ô˵
ʲô˵ģʵҲĸ׵ϲԼ׽򣬻㣬ȻԶˣɣҹȥѯʡ
ˣûʲô棿Ҳǣô֪ˣʲô
ڹļ壬鲢ټҲεġҹĬһ¡
ʵ飬һжֻĸ׵һԸ˫̥Ÿ׾ʱ򡭡˻Ƶ˵ЩȻǺΣ֮ĪȴҲû֪ʲôֻƫƫȴң֮ʹ뿪ȥ׹һֱ˵ˣңҲһˡ
ŻһֱҪĸ׵ԸҪԼŬػǣҹʵ
֮ǰһȥǣԷ;ܾ˵Ҫ飬ҹûͨʲôҪ飬ȴЩˡ
šҲдУô꣬ܵĿҲˣ΢΢̧ͷĿֱһִţֻǲΥһԸڡ
Ĭһ£û̾ƺһ̾ˡ
ҹ磬ңˡ
ˣͨ˵ټ򵥲ļ֣ǵӸ˵ȴǴŶôĲʡ
֪ʲôģһֱȥֱΪֹ
ڣ֪ѾûлᣬҲҲˡ
Լװƽ˵ȴڲ䣬촽Ҳҧơ
ǾԼ𣬡ҹͻȻʣҰȥ
ҲȥڵҹΨһһЦˣֻЦһЦ
ֻΣһʧȥʱԲؿڣԷҲԲܾΡ
Һʵ֮䣬жĲࣿҹͻȻһɵ⡣
Ҳûתۣһº󣬲ش𣺡ԭΪ࣬ڣʮңҲû취ҹ
֪ǲȱ𣿡ҹʡ
ʲôǲܣǹߣʶȴеġ
ȱĶûôǹߣǹܱԼǿʮ
ʵҲΪԼˣһ˺ܶʱȥѰԼİ취ҵؼ۷ΪүүΪҹüëλ˵赭дЩ꣬úγɹֱʦ˵һ仰˵ȱûеҲʵҲҪ˵仰˵ֻǶֶϽţȫˣҲܰκá
Ǹͷռһαˣʦˡ
ģǻɣ̫ˡ
һˣԼ൱Ϥûа飬֫ȫϣǽȫϣؽҲٸҽָ̫ˡ
ͬģ仰ҪǱ˵ֻǰοǴҹ˵ȴֻܴɻΪͬţҹ˵ȱֻΪ˰ο
ģҹޱȷҪ¸ϣΪˣԺܻи鷳Ϊ
˵ҹƤȶЩˣΪҲ֪õǸʲôƨУ˵һ̶ȵʱȫµ߶ǹȥ
ҹ磬˵ҪҵͽܣЩ
һμһΣҹʹؾܾˣû뵽ڻʵ֡
ͽܣֵܣҹ̹Ȼ֮ٴң㲻ҵĹҲԴȥĹҽʦ
룬ɫЩ˷ܣܸȫµĹ߹ȥ⡭̫ô̼ˣ


˵Цò͵ļ˶һΪǳʲô顣


121 Ҿ
˵һӶ˽ȥȴҹƽض˵ѾغǱȥƣһİָ
ģ˵ķӦһޡ
ǲҹƷʵ֪˵̫ˡ
İɣǹߣܶⷽ飬ǴҲģҼȻ˵ˣ൱İաҹŵ
൱Ǿԣ൱Ѿ൱ˣ
ֻǲ֪һ᲻ٶԸǡ˵ǴЩǸ⣬Ūˡ
ҲҲҪǵɫͶҺ޵ġ
ǸǸȻҶŮ֣Ƕּʱǲ롣
Ҳģٶʱڲжҹȴҡҡͷֿųε쾩ҵ˲ֵģٲԸ⣬Ҳֻһʱ䣬Ȼ͵ɨҵӣңǻҵ
ҹζ㣬Ҫ㼰ʱֱĻʱһֱŶˣûжԶԷʾл
ҸֵܣҲȹҵҹȴ֣ѶԷϣ㲻ĻԺҾͽ㡭壿ƿڵӣ
˶һЦҹ˵ܺãҵҲ
ҹʲôʱߣ˵Ƚìܡ
øֲøոµĶô뿪
ҹ˿Ҳ׶Է˼ɣڶȽʱٴһߡ
úãʱš˵Ҳ΢΢Щ˵
˵޶СĺӵȻǿˣǸȴǡǡǸΪĸ׵ݣҲΪԹĿ࣬Ϊ⼸ĬĬػ
ҪģȻǸտŮ˻Ƶ飬˭޷ϣԸ˵İȴûаʣʼʼֱҲ
һݰһݰµģΪĸԸػǵĺӣ˭Ĳݣ

ʱ䣬ƺһζһճҹĪСλŵٻҲҲʱʱ
ĪСĻ˵ٻͲģһٺϡϹߣΪСͿѾˡ
ȻСȥҹ̽һ£ʲôʱȥĸɴʲôġ
ҹɣֱӰһأڸˣȴǰԼ֪սķһ㴫˸
õʱʹ࣬ҹһٵضһʱʲôԵĵط͵ƺһЩ˸õֿʱҲ١
Ǹ˼֮󣬾ȻһûУ˳ˡ
ҹҲĿɿڴȻʶܸӦĶߵֻƣһЩ΢𣬵ǱϾͬĶ
Լأҹ棬ȱȻʲôǺܱߵ顣
ҹͬʱҲֵط֣ȷˡһûʱʹ࣬ԼƺʺսȴûԼӵеһɡ
ҹʯҩĵҩܱգŶԣڵҲɵ
ϴǸɱ˵Ŀػ֣Ǳһץסһֱڻ֮µġ
ȴûУʶ֮΢ǿܸӦֶڸոĸ˵ʲôֵģһɵҲûУ⵹ҹˡ
ͬһֹΪʲôвͬЧ
ԼȱĶԭ򣬹ֲùǸȴΪʲôûԼϵԣѵҲ֮ҪĴۣ
ҹҲȥˣͷҲʲô𰸣ܲܣܾǲܣپҲûá
͸ûˣڵ״̬Ѿò⡣
Ϊߣһֱ룬ٽһɣǾ͸ˡ
Ȼûȫָظо֡ƶţĹͷ˿ûɣֻҪٹʱ䣬ϵĽǣĹؽڣһһ
ʱĸʵҲȻһأҪ֪Ƕ
Ϣҹø˷ԶҲ֪
ڲ֣󲿷ԭΪҲˣһҪԭҲ֪Ѿˣ֮ڱ˵һ˴зϣɱɱҪĥһȽƽø뿪ˡ
֪ϾҪˣûʲô뷨
Ϻ϶뾡һа취鷳ûʲôҲֻ֪ǸѾˡ
غǵᵽճϣٻһֱﲻߣȻԼ˵Ҫ߶סһʱ䣬Ͼʡ
ȻҲܰѸߣվûٻ߸ӷ㣬ҹҲΪٻ߸ס
ĪСԸĸ֮£ҹ͸ٻĳӡ
û˱ˣһ·յιţһ·źǷȥʱҪǻҪü졣
ҹ͸ǲ⣬ﶼʱٻҲֻǸԼһɣֻҪҵˣͲٶ졣
ǻܶģȷ˵êˣȷ˵岻ûô·еɲظֲǽêˣͲˣĳ죬Сֱóêһ졣
治صǸȥҹִĶϱһ˲װ
ҵС˵Ķԣȴòƶҹ粻ͼġ
ʱҹͻȻյһţȴһĺŷġ
⼸ҹæŸ飬ֻ֮ҲֻСһ˴һ绰Լº룬˻֪ȴû뵽һϢ
ִ򿪶ţһ֣ȴǰһ
Ҿ䣬ٹ飡
֣̾ţɼϢˣжô𾪣Ҳҹε飬ԲС¡
ַʽԼϢֻһˣ⡣
ûֻֻ˵ǲ㣬˵ֻѾûˡ
ҳˣΪʲôСûиԼ绰ҹгȵף̲ͨĵ绰
ֻ֮󣬵绰Ȼؽͨˡ
ĬǳĬ
ҹҪѵ绰ҵʱͻȻ˵ˣ磬Щˡ
Ͼͻȥҹ͵һüͷ
ãæɣҲû¡
Ѱѯ֮ҹѵ绰ҵɫѾҪγˮ
ңˣˣ


122 
ǸʱٻҲҹĲԾæǰѯʡ
ܴ绰һ£ʡʲôûУҹͻȻٻʵ
ٻҲɵӣ̾ʹ绰ȥѯʣʲôϢҲûеõ
ʡǳʲô£ҲһϢҲղİٻЩɻҹ̫˰ɡ
С᲻һ˵ѵˣҹ϶Ҳ˵ң˵ˣֻһԼҪˣ
˵ʱҹоȫѪҺҪסһ
˵롱֤Ҫˣô
ٻ⣬ǸȴŲɡ
죬ٶȣȥǣҹȭͷ
֮ǰѾܹһٶȵһα˳ǲֱڷɳ
ٶ֮£ԭ㼸·ֻ̣˶ʱ䣬Ѿ˺֮ڡ
ҺͶȥһطҹٻѳָλá
ȥңٻɻ
ȥҹûٽͣųӵнһСԺ⡣
ǳӸոͣãҹɫȴøѿˡ
ľͷסСԺֵȫҩģڲýȥҲ֪ԺûˣûˣԺҩҲߣһǺ޲ٵߵڡ
ڵСԺһ֮⣬ѾʲôҲûʣˡ
ⲻľͷԼģǾֻˡ
裬ڳҩҵⶫۺˣԳԼ뿪ʱҪһٰ塣
ҩСƵģҩĶľͷṩģŶԷоĳɷ֮ҲʵҩģԲŻϸ飬ľͷ֡
ľͷû䵽Է㲻ö֪һȷԷѾõ˳ݡ
Ȼľͷ˵ֻ洫ҲųԷͨоѳҲĿܡ
˭
ɣˣӦûڼš
ҾǷ棬û˳ţҲûӡ
ҲЩ壬һڳҩҵȻ׬ǮЩ廹ϣߵҲҴ٣Ժ󲻼̳ңҲţû˻ðŴԵŭôһСˡ
뵽ҹǵ˱һ㣬סҪ
ҹٻЩĵؿڼƺûгֱֹ飬û°ɣ
û£쾩ɣпյĻȥһ⡣ҹȭͷɿƽ˵
ٻƺҲо˿ǰĽţֲֽ֪ҲֻܵͷµĻǵøҴ绰ҵݣʱܰЩæġ
סҹЦЦȴûġ
ٻȻЩʧҹֻӦҲ֮УֻԼһ˳˳ˡ
ڶԷոߺҹ̲ͨһ绰ȴǴõ
иֵûеطסæһ¡ҹֱ˵
ֲǿùݵģõ޲ܸհֻȥ
û¶벻绰ڿɺã绰ȻҪסķ˰ɣ
ҪùݣҪһȫסҹһûֻǼ˵
ĶõʶЩˡ
ҹȻûлظκֵĻҲûЩ̫
ˣԼˣƽҪ˰
ǡҹ
õҭһ£ոջ˵أھͿʼˣںҵĵ̶ĵȥƣûëɣ
һڳҩҵ㾡ҹõ쭣Ѿ˵ͷл㣬飬Ұġ
õȻһ£漴׿϶ǳ˴£Ȼҹ˵
ɲʲôԷѾҶ˵绰
˲ͷĹõһ·֣һ߻ڸҹŵ绰ǶԷѾػȻǲ׼κεĶ
Ƿʲô
õɲһͨˣȻҹӵ绰̾ͶԼȨѸٵصŸйصһ飬ǺܿͳֵһȴҲһ
ûٳɣõһ·˺ڳҩҵܷʲôȻҹ֣صذһиԼǾ;Բܳ
ЩưܵڳҩҵžͿһ챻ӵˣ뾡һа취Ūӡ
õſңҹ϶Σաֹֻͣǽؿõ
Ϊʲôס㣿ҹ֮ǰ绰˵ҪչһֵܣҪ˸ҹгˡ
ҵĽؽڶˣûлָãҲҪһȥҧſңûΣգҹô
Ķԣ㲻ȥȥҲֻܸ鷳õü
˵ô죬ѵصϢ
ȥõԱ˵Ҿǳ£ҹҲӦûΣհϾļҡ
ҵôˣʵ
ҹүүԵˣõЩص˵
ֻԵλʥĵؼ۷֣ҲԵһ𱻺ֲһյֻʣʬǣ缸ǰʥһѣ
գѣ
⼸õȭͷڣҪĻҹ顣
Ҫ⣬֪үүܲŻǲˡ
ʱҹѹҲ⣬ټңİ˵ģҲֻһԵһᣬȴһ
õֵǣΪʲôҹһңȴҪڳһٴеڵʲô
õȻϢһ뵽Щ̾վҪȥһ¡
ڳҩҵǿǲǰȫڿưܵӣӦòˣܰȫҲԷȥҹˡ
ιҷſߡŮתߣ̾ͺ
ŶˣõҲصš
ԣҸһȥ
û˵꣬ͿõһĹȥ赹

ңҹߵſڵʱ򣬾Ѿ˸߸ҵİײ籣ʱŲЩ
֮ǰһУĲ²⣬Ҳû²⾹Ȼġ
ˣû˸Ҷ֡ˣҲû˭ҶǣԵѾˣ
ҹ̧Ŵߣ˰Ҷûмˡ
ԣЩûҴ٣˵Ҵٲ
ҹŭ
Ӣ԰ҶռˣеĶѹιȥһȴܲؼҰһүү
ŵ˿Ϊ⼸ǻƼ۷ĹߣרΪԷһģôùţ
ⲻ𣿡һԴ˷ȻҵĴ⣿
ҹתͷ΢΢һ£ݼүү
˷һ˿ȴ˲Ц˳ĻС׵ģѾͬˡ


123 ֻһ·
ҹǸƵ˷磬۾ƺҪһ㣬ȭͷ֮䣬žһ
үүˣӢ뵽Ĳô࣬ҲǸɥΪȴڵһʱּҡ
˶ûᣬƫƫʱףּ濴ң
ǰǣԵңĴ壬˭СڣѾһռӣֻҪԷһָͷͻȻ
Ц廹֪ΪС˷磬ּܿô
٣һֱڵΪ׵һˣ˷繪
ţãͽȥ˷תͷҹҪҴȥô˵ҲǿҪ˸ˡ
ң»бӳ
Բ٣ٴ˵ҵķǳʱڣκ˵ȣܷŽңϼӢ顣
˷ҹ̯̯֣ʾҲΪˡ
ǺǡҹѾԶģ˿̻Ǹоĺ˵ȣ
ĸֱҧüأӢǿذ
ĸ֣ĸƼ۷ĹߣͰҳ׵׵ػ˽ޡ
ҹһ뵽ֻû뵽ôأȻǾʹɣ
ţһҪ
ǰûг꣬ͻȻͱץסεʱѾһλҹȴм˹ȥ
ô£ҹǲ𣿸ոյһ˲䣬˵ж˲ŶԷλóȥˣ
Ҳһʱ䣬˾ֳȥʣµγӦҪҹΧ
һ̣ĸ˶ͣˣ۾һգգؿҹ֡
ҹ㲻ҪΪ׵ĹԽŵ˵
ԭʶңҹһֻֿ˷Ĳӣ޳˵һİе˵棬ԭչ˵ġ
ҹҶҶ֣㻹벻롭˷вĻû˵꣬ӶʱŵҲ˵
⣬˷Ĺ䱣ڶѸٵس˹Ҳĸ֮ࡣ
ⲻǴ⣬˭Ҳû뵽ҵſڣ˷羹Ȼᱻסˡ
룬һܶ࣬òҪҵ룬Ҿȶ㣬ҹ΢΢һ£˷粻ڵֻҪȥһүү뿪˭ţҾͰҵδɽ飬ңǹߣҲûҿ졣
˸ˣȫǹߣһ˵ķ٣ʱȴһ취ҲûС
кܶԶҹҹ˵ģǲұ֤Լҹ죬һûаٷְٳɹİգ˷ǽˡ
˷˭ּӵ֮һҲǶùġᱻסܿҹԲһݰ
ҹϵȷûû˭涨˵ûͲɱ˵ġЩͨĹҲǵĶ֣ҹˣ
ˣ˶ţ˭뵽һˣͻȻѡ
ҹѾ˷ǰˣߵúܿ죬˷ôһˣȴһ׸Ҳܿ治һĴ
ҵĹּ߲ҵĹ䱣Ҳ׷̫һˣֻԶԶΧҹٶȣϵƽƶš
Ժɲֻ⼸ˣ˶ǿҲɵóǰΧѩԽԽȴʼնû˸ҿҹס
ڵҹһյƣ֮⣬ѾҪСӣʱ˷һƵĻҹյôĵƻ𣬿϶ᱻЩСӸ
ಡ
һӰҹı˹ȥֳצۿҪץԷĺ󾱣˶ţʱҹԼϿʲôӶһա
顭
ҹûлͷһȴ˵߹֮ϣҲ֪һ˼֮û
Ŀɿڴؿŵ͵ϮĹߣǴǰŸҹ˾汣ڰ
ո͵ϮֶεȷǺֲ죬ҿһûСҹһߵø죬ǼѾ˵һʱŶֵ׼
ϧȥĿ죬ø죬ͷϵҲ˿
ҹҴ˵ǸķүǰҲһûиоҪ˵ڳֻȫҪ͸ˡ
ң˵ûҿ죬ҹһ£˷̾Ҫ۵ӣ´飬ҾֱӰĺ飡
ȺҲСС֮ģЩӲҹʶ֮
˵һ˳ʮ˫۾Ҳøʶ֮΢ϢܲοЩĻС
ҹ̷˷磬ͲҪֶ岻飬߳ţӢѾҴææظһ̾ŭˡ
ҽֻҪݼүүȻһ뿪ңӴ֮ҲҹתͷӢ壬ҵһУҲҪ裬ҪĻȥСᣬһҪߣղ˵ģŰľ飬ͷߣһ·Ҫģô࣡
ô࣬Ҳֻô࣡үүûˣңںģҲֻһöѣ
ҵһ㲻ҪΪҪЩʸ𣿡ӢɫسװƣҪС£ͻͲҵˣҵһУϵûУ᣿ҵˣѾּңһ̰˷ˣ乩㻹ųȥ
ҹ̾һ΢΢ͷȥ̧ʱȴ˼ԳЦ⣺ֿңϧµѾͷɵ˵ʲôѧô˵ѾȥˣȴһҲûУֽ˷ң˷粻Ҳôɵɣ
˷ɫ˱䣬Ȼҹʲô˼ӢֵĻһĿ϶ӢɣܻΪ˾Ŷ֡
ôһҹǱӵ˷ҲƷ
Ҫ֣߰ɣ˷оһ£æͰԼ̬ȸҲȢˣ̸ĺԼ
Ǹˣ֪ҹ˵ʲôġ
ʱ˵ЩӢԭִ㣬Ҳôˡ
ҹ飬ǽߣպҲĹ㡣Ӣɫ࣬ȻҲǱֱ仯òᡣ
ҲûҹôһСӣܽٳ˷߽š
ſĸƼ۷ĹߣҹСһԽǵ
ûŰС·ϱƣҹȻһ飬ȻֺαٹŶԷҲҵѪ
ٺһ


124 Լ
Ӣ̲סôţһжѾˣû飬ֻǽܺһΣһҪС֪˵㣡
ΪҲٵĿ治٣ٲÿ·ĻĻ鶼ҪûˣּҲΪǹİɣҹ˵ɣɫҲÿȥ
үүչٻʱȻһ龰֮꣬үү˿̿ţֻǺεȵ飿
뵽ҹһ
омʹ࣬Ҳ˵ģʲôԲҪ˭֪£ԼϳңҲ
˭Ҳ˺СᣬҪôߣģһ·Ϊʲôڿ˵žĶ壬ȻҲöˣ
ÿӢһ
Χŵ˶ʱóһͨõ·ҹ˷磬һ߹ȥ
ҹ߽ãȻЮ˷磬ȻĿ׸ǡ
ľ֮УԵţǸˣ˿̿ȥ׵üëɣֻ˫ӥ۾˿Ѿϡ
ûб۸
ҹ·𿴵۾ϤԵš
ģ۸ҵĸ
ҹҲǵõʱش𣬿үүһ棬ȻҪЮδĿɽģǰ۸ˣ
ǣô죿
үүһˣҹȥ˿ͷ
࣬ûлɹԼԵϲӣû֮һ
Ǻ䣬ֲϲ̣ΪһӵĴڣԵάҲûٹ֣κһۺ졣
Ϊ˲֪ԵȴʲôӵŬκ٣˵κ˶ࡣ
Ĳȱʲô¡Ҫ˵ԹҲֻԹӣԹүүҡ˭˵ǷҲϣ
ԵİԵһ涼һԼκһίԼίԼҲУ
ԲүүҿҪ뿪ˣҹЩȴƽţ֪㲻ңǡڵĻһøãһҲ֪ôѧ
үүҪСһߣʱ䣬һ㣬ҹҧ㲻õңģ۸ҵˡ
˷ܸоҹļĲҲŶԷһһҹһʱõˣԼĺܲס
ԥ˼ΣʼҲûиȥҹʱȥȻǵģŬԼɿɡ
ҹվٿһԵݣ׸ǣ¸Ǻá
ȻãԼСסȥ
ҹԼ߿ԣȴܸߣӢȴֵסȥ·Ѿ׿ڴӦ޵ּңѵҪڻ飿
ҹԷһۣȴԹԴ˷ǰȥ
ҹ
ٸҷϻҹŭĿ壬ӢС׿ڸ˵ߣ򿴲ˣ˷ɣ
ӢҭһͣҲ˵ʲôֻɶԷסȥ
ȻѸٳŶʹɫԷ⣬ɿʧ
ҹסԶǱΧţִһˣҲܿ͵ԼСԺ֮⡣
ʱҹ۽ͻȻһ¡
и֣һٶ۷ĸ֡
ȥ˼ЩǰѾӲһĻ
ǸСԺ棬쾹Ȼ˰Ѱľ׮ϵ
˿̵Ѿӽԣذ׵ϣѪ͸𪵽ûѪɫӣҲ͸ŷͬһ㲡

ҹŭţˣû뵽徹ȻĻСº֡
ץŵ˷磬˲ͱɳ˳ȥվߵ˱ҵڵϡ
ҪȥץᣬʱҹѾһȭȥ
ûзұۻ˦һ˦ҹ
ǻƼ۷壬֮ǰҹЮ˷磬ҶҹʲôҲûˣɵҪᣬúһСӡ
ǰҹˣ˵ʲôġ˭ңٳ˷磬ҲȥԸء
ꡭ顭
˦ȥֱۣԸҹǰ漴һ죬ֱ۶ˣ
ֱ۶ˣҹĿûУһȭǽʵʵӡϣʱһطˡ
ʱڲţһֱΪʲôܸԼȣֻүү޷ķø磬Ȼһȭˣ
ǹ߰һǻƼ۷Ĺߣⲻجΰɣ
ҹץסϵһĴֵָ̱Ͽ⿪֮Ҳûҹﵹȥ
ڴҹһ̣ͻȻ΢΢ѹ̧ͷʵ۾ҹ磬ˡ
Ǹ粻ãҹС§ã´ʹ˿ڣϵıʹַŭ粻ðһңүүڣѾܴĵطˡ
裬ӢԸСģֻһԭҪĿе֪췽
ҵʱүү˵ΪԼɱġ
үүش˵ǻڡ
ǰӦòڵģҹҲôģǰأ
ֻǳѣ
磬߰ɣͷ΢΢һ£ЩΧǵˣңֻʣѾˡ
ߣҹʹϧػӦţȥһԼң
ǻߣӢʱȺ߳ϴɫոհһôߣǲôװɣ
ಡ
ƿ֮ҹϮȥ
ҹ֮ǰӦ۷ĸ֣ոյ鷢̫죬ǻûзӦѾˡ
ʱǻᣬûȼԸͬʱҹ˹
ҹˣ˵ٶеı仯ʮܶ㣬ߵ㲻ȥ
˾׼ᣬŻѡʱͻȻ֡
ҹ㲻һ취ҲûУֻ̧һߣһץס
һĶӢˣҲ
治Ǹ˷ֱЮˣ⻹ûˣ
˷Ҳ湻ɵģӳȥˣ㲻ԶȻһֱ˼ҽ棬Ű񰡣
Ӣţ˷ô޹ضǹˡ
ҪЩĻһԲۣôԴӱҳ֮ոջѾѾҹһŲס֮Ҳûɿòã
̷˷磬˭Ҳ뿪Ӣŭ
Ǿܻ뿪𣿡ҹʵӢһֱ벻ףοҪôǣҲˣΪİʯҪһԶ߿Сأοô
£벻׵ʵ̫ˡӢֻػһ䡣


125 
ҹ΢΢ۣʱĿѾһֲᣬһЮ˷磬ʲôҲ֪һȥ
ֻһΣǵٶȱûҲֻǿ֧ƶ
Ȼ˷磬ҹҪҪֶ˲ɱƣǴڰϢ״̬ϳȥġ
һ·ŲƣȴҲܿ͵Ե֮⣬õʱҹᶼͷȥ
үүˣ
үүǻٻ㣡
˵һ仰ֻתҵĴȥ
û˸Ϊ˭Ҳỳɣҹɱ˷ĵ
Ǿתһ˲䣬ҹͻȻоһ⡣
ΣգǿҵΣźţԶķ
˼άûиϣֱȴѾһѳԱߣ廤ס
顭
Ӱٶһ㣬ƻûнӴҹһɢĳ
ҹһãʱ񱻿ߵҶɵû˿
ۡ
ǹҹڣƻ壬һѪ޷ܵ
һȫڵ壬ֻ֧Ųȥ
硭ᵹڵϣתͷȥҹ
ҹûжͷײʱ޲˦ԼһơʧˣȻΪԷֻԼɱ֡
ոһƣǴģԷȻ׼ܲȣһ֮죬ûʶ֮ȥȵĻһƻ᲻ȥ
ᣡԷ㵵һ˲䣬һɱĽڣһжûиı䡣
ˣվ㲻һ̣þǸ©ӢǬҲһ㲻
ˡ
Ѿоĸ֣ǵؼڣոճֵˣһǺүүһĵؼ۷塣
ңӦֻһؼ۷壬ǾүүԵŶڸǰ
ؼ۷
ʱ͵ϮĵؼѾҹ˵ߣؿǣûٶ֡
һƣˣҲӦˡ
˷絹ҹһ˲䣬ʵҲȥˣεޱˬûиоܴôĸо
ˬޱȵķŭˣҶˣȴǶ˴ӳӡ
˿ŭӢʣô˵
ҹǱҸϳŵˣôһϵҲûУ仰жΣǽӢ˵ˣͶּҴɣҾʡ
˷ǰһҹνȴһ
쾩ȦһŮܸŮģҲֻһ⣬ȻԸ䣬־ǧ֮ӣԽֱɽŮԽò˵
˷ϲŮˣȻҲᣬصģȴϵļֵ
֣֮Ϣ˷Ѿ֮̽ôпᣬΪ˳裬ûеڶԭ
ɿµӣһûе֣ôһԼõᣬ͵ڵõ˵ͬʱõһҡǮ
ԸŮˣ˷˸ֶΣҹһСǮһΪɽ
ټּһ˷ȴܿأ˳裬̳м֮λ飬Ҳȹ
ãҾͰ˴ߣʡôүӵ徲˷̾Ӧ֣ʾⱣڰҹ̧ߡ
ס֣
ʱͻȻ
ߣҹһ
壬һصʱ˵ģҵĹεҲֻһˡ
ѾκϣӢΪκˣıɱľֻǶһ
ҹǰӢǬĶӣʲôҪôȴǲܲˣһȻǰȥֱֱӢ
˭ԻģӢȵѾϼһ֧ߣ˭ȻԼܻ˺ǣҹʲôҵıڣٳּҵү⻹Ұּãֵõָң
˭ϼڣҵӵܣʲôʱֵãһһҹοСʲôϵ
ˣӢŭɶʲôʱֵָֻţ
ָֻŵ飬Цһһϼģϼǰ˭Ҫ˺үҪ̤ʬ壡
ʱӢޱʹޣĸǶôƫģΪһҹȴôĿģЩһУ˭ں
ãҪҹվһǾһ˵֣Ӣ˲ŭ𣬶ǳ屬
վҹǰĵؼһͳȥ
ǹҲڶѣԱһ׵ĵؼֱ֣һСӻȭͷҪ˾һ
ؼѾһۿҪմϡ
ʱȴ˿ûк˵˼̧һɴƬѪ
ţûдˣѾˣ
˶ˣؼڵĸֵȷҲûհֱ۴򱬳Ѫɣ
Լֻʵ壬ȻһħŹߣȻոһ£ħŵĳطԼۣȡ
ǡ𣿽Ķֲֻһܰǰĵؼɱˣؼڣһؼ۷壬м첲Ա
顭
˵ȭײһ
屬ȷǾˣ˵ؼڸֵҲûռ̫ıˣɫ԰ֽҲˡ
ǸؼԿֱӱѪﱬһȭõҹߣ۵һѪˤڵϣӱҹҪǱ
һȭ󣬵Ҫؼڸִˣȫû뵽ͻȻóôһ
벻㾹ȻħŵӣССйҲҵǰŪҪǰһֱûгĵؼ۷ǿȴЦһˡ
һ˦֣ǿľʱ嵽ǰѶԷҲѪɵȺ
ӢҹͻȻţСߣ֪㲻ɱңԼ˽
ҹҵŮˣߵĶȥ˷ҲڵõһĻᣬųضҹ
ħŹָһģҲħйذɣӢȷɱҹǵڣѾֹ˼ȫ׿ˣҿǹ壬ħŵƲѾϳ壬Ҳҵİˡ
ħţҹǺǵЦ㵹һʵɰҾ㿴ʲôħţ


126 ҲҪ
ΪѾûκηҹͻȻ֮ӵƳŵߵĵؼնȥ
û˭ΪһնȥжΪǿǵؼڵĸ֣ȻոճĿҲǴˣ潻սĻ˱ֱ۵طҲ϶Ķ֡
ҹأ˵طߵûУô˵õؼǿߣ
ꡭ
СϸǵҶȥʱѾȵúϲˡ
ؼҽԼҲţҹѾԼôˣ
ţûжͻһƣȻأ
ֱ۶ˣֻǹͷǳ׵״Ӽ϶ϵ˵ϡ
ͨˣĹߣһư˵ֱ۶
ҹֻմѪ׵֣ҵﶼһֵͷҪǰȥһ£ǵʲôģ
ǲ֣һѵȻ˵ô϶ۡ
˵һ˻ţ𣿡˵ʱҹѾ˵ؼĲϡ
ǵؼʧȥһֱֱ֮ҹֻܵʹţҲһҲûС
˭ӢĿתᡣ
ҹ϶֪ԼûлģĿܣȥ
ûʲô᱾˷ҪŮˣҲͻˣ˷ܰŮʰġ
壬ߣģҹȴŵȥ˵
ү˲ᣬֶһֱۣ˿Ѿˣûκˣ߲ˣϼ˵
㲻ߣֻҹǿЦһ£߰ɣ壬סЩˣұ𣡡
˵λذɣҲڵ嶼ǳʲôˡ
ֻһڵʵڸΪʩչħŵطһ첲ոһƣҲ֪;ûУܻܲȥ˵˵
仰֮ȴͣˣȻĬĬתͷȥҵĴȥ
Ҫҹ𣿺ܶ˿ıӰ쳣졣
˽òƾΪʵָϼԵĳŵûдŻųȥϣɣ
ҹһұȻˣѵԼϣ
ѾˣӢﶼѪ
ֻôؼڵǿ߹һҾһʱҪ֪ڵңѾû˵ؼ۷ǿˣ
Ӣųеĵؼ۷忴һۣһһĸ֣һñȴã
Уүûиؼʵ츳
Ӣʵ뷨ȴûӢǬʵʱ򣬾Ѿ׳˼ﵽڵĳ̶ȡ
ʲôʱ˵ҪˣҹЦЩġ
㡭Ӣᡣ
Ŷ˵ˣҹͻȻһڷˣ
ٶ֣˭ҲˣӢҧгݵ
ֱ۶ˣԺʵ϶ǵ׻ŵؼΪڵ˵ȻҪ˭ĶԷİΣ
СᣬӢ˵˭ˣôҹȻЦſá
ð׳գӲЦЦᣬֱ׵ظۡ
ǰһѵҹûдˣᶼҪһġ
ҲҪһ
Ƕô񶾵һ仰ǵҹʱȴúůϵЩһڻţᡣ
һ죬ŵ绰˵磬еˡʱˣΪԼҪˣԶԶֿ
ڣҹȴںЦŸ˵ߣһ
ʲô·ҪǻȪ·Ͼһ
̧֣ն£⶯ãӢһ䡰ҡûкһֱ۾Ѿˡ
תۼ䣬ؼʵĹһûֱ۵ķˣӢֳȥҹĳ嶯
Ѿû̫ļֵǾȻǰһʵˡ
ɱɱӢҲһš
Ժ˷֮⣬Ҳûбˣ͸죡
ְ참දŮõһƵĳȺǹһָӢ˭˽Źģ
Ӣüͷһ£⻰˵Щˣңе򶷣ǲǺֻҪǳĶָ͹ܲš
㿴ˣҵıڣ쿴ײãæǰ𻰣ģΪֹ壬ɱŻȱɣ
˵öԣҴ˻ȥ飬һһĽõһת̾ͳ˱ִߡ
ߣӢɲɵȻóŮ˸ҹ֮䣬϶ʶģ˭Ҳҹߣ
Ƿִõɫ
ǺǣСѾͷҿǹ壬ʲôģұ㶼ҪӢôƭģҪҹߣûпܣҪֵĻҰһҲ˵ʲô𣿡
õҹ˵߰ɣõҡ
õ󼱣ôܲģⶼҪ˱Ƶ·ˡ
ǹֲϼҲڼٵжţҹмֻӳȥ
治ˣõʡ
ҷߡ
Ӣһ仰û˵꣬Ϳõǹһǹ죬ӵɳȴӢǸһֱô˵ĵؼ۷ǿߡ
õƴҪҹȻܺأɻҪȡ
ɱӢûʲôãһӢˣĶǻҪɱҹֻаǿɱһ˲л
ѵؼ۷ǿ̫ˣԷֻһ̧֣ͷȻָУ֮䣬ӵֱ˻ȥ
õļһƬ죬˭Ҳ벻⾹ȻǱԼӵ˵ġ

ҽеǸˣҼæתͷȥֻҹڸոôһ˲䣬֪һؼߣһ絶ݺݵش̵˶Էĺѡ
ӢۿҪѿˣҹҪҸ׻˰
ǸؼͷҲѾӦһƳҹȥκҹûд㣬ƴ˭˭ƴһض
һƣҹ߹ǲ֪˼ؼȫһƵҪĻҹҲܲˣڲִٵһƣҲԶûиɲܳܵ˺
ĵؼҪ潻սĻ϶걬ҹĴ򷨣ƴĲ˭Ϊߣ˭ʵǱҹ걬ˣ
ؼǿߵǿȲһͨˣ⻰˵ûţʵǰиƨð
һ̣ҹѾִλĺ
龰찡
ӢٻһòãҹȻ˼߹ǣȴЦó
ӢЦôȥҪˣһؼĹûеʱҺܿͻᱻ´̳
˭Ӣɫš


127 似õ
õ֣ңˣȥףΪѵġҹõ˵
ףֻһĥ̾ҹ˼ˣΪõҽڣôһõΪ˰참Ӳ
ãҵ㣡õҧҧ촽
תǹ죬һֻһ
ӵһؼļ򣬼Ȼؼ۷򲻹̾ͻһµĿꡣ
λչ㣬ڶӵȴѾСȣԷһ
ⷴӦ֮죬ǵؼ֣ǵӵûм϶ĿǶԷλá
׹ڿУ㣬ȴƴһУӵоȻҲûǰ
ӵޱȣؼǣȻõתߵһ˲䣬ͻȻѵġ
κ˶ΪҲһҪ뿪ˣ˭ҲûϵתһȴѾԤıõʼ
ʱõǱĹĿ꣬ǹȻ׼˲š
֣ҲһԻĵط
õǹȻã׹ֶθߣ죡
ǹû˵ӵͬʱѾǰһǻצץõ
顭
õ˿ûлţǹٵţȥû׼ʱ䣬һ䣬ǿ׹ˣ֪䣬ÿһӵȷĿģȻ˹ȥλһʧ󣬶Ȼһ
ܿϧؼվǵؼٶȵӵҪѹȻУȴ̫
գ֮䣬õѾǹ֮ǰؼ۷ǿһǹһ˰ǹ
㻹һӵ׹ЦһȻǹʮ˽⡣
õĻˣΪԷܻʧ󣬿û뵽Ȼؼ־ȻôѶԸʱҲˡ
æ֮мٵغˣһžȻṳ̂ʵʧȥ˳һ˶Էץһצ
ǹ죬һǹҲϣӵ˲׹üġ
ǶԷѾ㵽һǹôûзֻ΢΢һƫͷͰõϣȫĥ
׹һѾõȥӵûˣֻлƼΪõֱֻ׵ᡣ
һƺĲ֪ҪôˣûӵǹȻľš
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ֵҹû׹ȥѷɵϢƿնȥһԷͷһѡ
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׹ȻǷˣѷɵõӵǶԷȫȥӦƣȻûнӵȴҲĵò֪ƫȥˡ
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ԼõץȥеСѾͷողһԿˡ
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Բۣʲôʱǹˣ
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ȻͿõɳһںĶ
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ˣνİһɱûУֻһյϻѡ
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ôһƺСľٶȴһؼϽ
õǹ˶ѾʶһΣΪǴζûУԴҵӡ̡
һΣڳˣʶһʲôǹ֡
Դһǹ֮׹Ľ೹ˣƴ壬ҪܿԷӵͼӵֱֻš
ûãõѾ׼λ㣬ջǱһǹУҿȥõǹ׼ǡǸϵ̫ã⳯ӵȥײ
ǹ֮׹ףֻлƼΪСѾͷȻ̶̵ʱƶٶȺͽ඼ˣԴռȻ
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Ҳоϵˣ˲Ѿ㣬ͻɽһõȥ
ӵţУֱӻŸոǹұۣѾһ㣬Ƴ˳ȥ
ǹһ첲棬һƬѪ죬ҳ˸̾õǹ֮⣬̾һ׹ĺ
ֱ۲ǶӣԲģɻ˵ǽɻ͵ģҲôϧİ
ֻ׹п˵Ҫܶùȥ׳˲Żֱȥ
ôһҲȷӮٴνʱ䣬һΣõ׵׵ûӵ
׹Ѿ̧õĶͷߣֻҪһȥǹŮ̾ͻ¡
һõɫǲ԰ˣֻһ˲䣬ǰͶһˣҹ
ǿƴһƣݺҹıϣõһɵ˳ȥ
õûܵʲô˺һ̾ͷҹô
ʱҹѾֻǿõϣǿ˵ˡ
ҿʱҹҲЩˣؼǿߴƣҿӶͨλһʱȻ˵ֱ˻ؼǿǸ߷µİ
Ȼôȥ˵ҹôһͨˣҲˣ
ҹǻţһСǿǸղŸӲƴһǵĵؼе֧Ųסӡ
ոտǱҹһƴ˺ϣҪΪڿ¶ûˡ
ˣ׹ɾͱˣؼһĶûУСӾȻûò˵Ƕ̼ȥˣоĽҲһ
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128 ҹǹߣ
׹һеʱ䣬õѾҹǰ׹ȻҲΪŮ˶ʲôϧ顣
һ߸Ѫֱۣǿɶǰ͵ġ
Ҫ˵׹ɱģһõˣӣӡУû˵һؼ֣ǹ֮ôҵġ
ס֣һϺȡ
׹ԭǲһҲҪɱ˶ԷһʱȴòͣˣΪӢ˵
ҵļȻûԵϣǵ׻ҵһ֮׹ҲܲȰ衣
׹ͣӢҲһ
õȻǸСֵˣҲһɵɱˡǴǰãϾõҲźܶ಻׵ľٶҹһҲûʲôڵңȻѾ紵ݶһ¾Ͳ鷳ˡ
СѾͷ£ϾֵˣӢ׹һۣ֪Էﲻã˵ԭ
ߡ׹ҲеĹϣһһưõӵȻҹȥ
硭Ҫȴ˵ţ޷
ҹõҲҪǰѾҵסҲûа취
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壬֪ǳʲô°ȳӢ
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ӢȻ֪һ㣬Ҳ˵˼ȳҹãϢģϢ˵ޱҹ࿴ҹųͨѵĺøУһĿģȻҲҪҹҹȥ
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Ҳˣƻ¶ʱ򣬾Ѿ׼Ҫõ棬ʵҲֵõġ
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̣ܵеˣޱÿҲ֪˭ˣôˣֻһҿ˭òƸһϵҲûУ㲻и˵뷨ɣǵĻ͸ö˪
ֱ̱ҪţʱɫһҲڣޱʱֵĵһ裬ǸԤȥģ̻һŶûл̵Լʲôڶʱһ̵һš
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ˬĻֻЩΪޱԼǳ˳裬ҲûжԷƯˡ
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ӢӸΪˣҪǱĻҪ֪ҹڣѾҵˡ
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˼ķԲƼȣֻƼûҹʲô̶ȣӢҲò׼
ҹҵĴæκõĹֲ˵ҹѸǶˣȳ֪Ӣʲô̾ͰԼ̬òöԷᣬҹ飬ܽӵ̧һ֣ǰߡ
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ҹǹߣޱܾȵ硣
ܣȳҲܾȵ˷硣


129 ҵ˼
˷ˣ˻治֪
ǹ߶ܽٳ㣬̫ˣʱޱƵ˵һ˷۵Ļ
ǹ߻ܰѵؼˣүļʶȳҲϵظһ
˷øոǱ飬ôڳЦġ
Ҳǣҹϸоǿþе̫ףٳС£ؼǼôҹǰƷƵģ
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ŶһֱɸӵģҵؼȻһĶûˣ
ҹ̫ȣ಻õˣһܸӴ
ؼʵǵؼڣƼҲǸˣҹƾһ֮Щ˶˳õʲô޳ܵ͵ϮʲôģЧģǾѾֵñ˾ӣ
ʱȳҲõ۹⣬ΪޱſƼҶϣЩòףڿӦһͿʵԲŻ᲻ϧһҪסҹ
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˵һ仰ҹͻȻû˿׵һȭλؼ۷


130 Ҳ
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131 ˲ܽ
صĺˣЯҹõһ·񱼣˵ǿɣںн֮⣬һͨòͨũСԺ
˭ʱҹѾָһ֣ɻżֽ䱸ؿˡ
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˿һۣĬĬϵĺڲ¶ľȻһŸɳƴǫͣżֹŴŵס
ʮͣʱҲûаɱһĺɫװûлҹ˺ѰǸոɱؼ۷ϵһ
Ψһûбľ˫۾ֻҲѾû˸ղŵĹ֮ɫڵ⣬͸һ׽⡣
ʥӢǬɲ֮ҹǵ˼ǸΡ
֮ҹõһ£Ϊͬʱ֡
֮ǰʥǳʮ˵У֣еΨһһ
ͬʱҹõĿ֮У˼ֵ⡣
⼸ܿƵģ˶ˣֻһ˻ڵ꣬ԶԶǿߣȻʥûɱ֤ûʲô⣬ȴ޷ֹҹǶĻɡ
Ϊʲôǣҹʵõʲô
֮Ǹθȴûлشֻ⣬Լһֽһˣȴҹʶġ
ľͷҹ
Ŀ֮صعţƺҪõһƵġ
ңµòҲʥԱҲӢǬ£һѵʱѾ뿪ʥ꣬Բӹһ١ľͷ̹Ȼ
ô˵ȥ԰ȥǿʯרΪ׼ģҹüĳ裬Ҳ׼õġ
ʥ۵ĳԱҪȥʯϵĵز뷨ĹȱĲһ۶
˵гֶҩûϵǮ
ûж⣬ֻ뾡ԼһģҲ֮ҵңһûᣬľͷ֮ȥһΪϵǵӢǬңҲͽȥΪĶ飬ҲҶһرˡ
ҹ£֪ڲҪľͷ֮ǰӴĻᣬҪѾˡ
ľͷûΪǸ֮еģʱɱҲͲҪΪ
ʵֻЩʥ깫ԽȡʯҲרΪġľͷ˵
֪Ҫʯʲôҹ֡
֪ľͷҡͷǰ뿪쾩ʱ򣬻ֻһΪȱСһȴһز¶ĸ֣ôȥʯ֮ΪʵһʯйأԲŻѽеһƷʯȥ
ô˵ǰǾѾڰмˣҹʡ
ûУһֱû˵֮ˣºͶдԣʱֳĴɳȫͬǰˣ˺õʱ򣬷Ѿ뿪쾩ȥһΣúƽҲûȥ
֮һ˵󣬵ҵõϢֻصʱ̵⼸еϣһʱĶ鿴֮Ȼ֪ʲô֪ڵ㣬ѾǰǸ䣬һԱûҹˣָõߵһ֪ڵ㣬ٷ㸸ĸĻᣬҲľͷӽ㣬֪ϢҲܸõر㡣
ңҹʡ
ǰûԱһҹҪ֮˵Ŀȴһ˿ǿˣһ𽥵سɳĳЩѾвڵ㣬ŸҪ
˵Ҳһֱڼ𣿡õ
ǵûУ֮ҡͷ㲻Ҫϸ۲ûʲôֵرע鷢
Ϊʲôҹʡ
ǶǰһʥԱµŮΪʲôֻܵرĶԴأ
ΪҹʥдӢǬĶӣ֮˵ֵʱһ˿ǰӢǬ֣㹻úܶҧгݣԵǷӢǬһҪܱҪĶʱΪɱ㣬Ը벻Ĵ
ң˭ҹ֮۾˭ɱҸĸ˭үүǲͬһˣ
һûо֤ݣǴĿǰɱǾѲ˸ϵģɱּţԼصúܺãʱ䣬ҲŲһ֮һĨֻǣΧӢǬˣعУܻܿҪǣĴеˣһɣʥڲҲ⣬ЩˣҪһһȫջС
˵쾩ңұ̬ӢҪɱһݣ⵹пܡ
пܣǲܿ϶֮ҡͷĴҵ壬ҲĴ壬˭ޱӣΪҵϻ֣ǿ󣬵ڹϣȴؼ۷壬ԶԶ֣ܱȵģûκԸԼĵλҡ쾩Ҹ׵壬ЩһЩǿҳӣҪţҲּҺԼʵҲ̬ȣɴжûв뵱顣
ôֻʣһ⣬ҹõһֿۣ֮ǣƾʲô˵Ļ
ɣ֮û˿ߣովҹһԭӦõõлɣȴû˿ɸе
ڻҪң֮º͵Цһ£ӦҲףȫģ֮⣬ûпԷĵĵطˡ
ҹϣʵҼȻѾ˾Ҫɱ֮ǰߵ˫۾
һһɡ֮׼ҹ˼Цš
ʲôҹʡ
ҿκĲ֮Щŵ˵
ģҹ۾һ
ȻǰٷְٵİգҲ߳ɡ֮ûֱӰԼϸ˵˳
ǹҽʦҹ´ֵ֮ǣԷϾȻо֮ǰǸؼ۷ϢȫԲϺš
ߣ֮ǰϢģġ
֮зһӣӺܿѿѿתۼһϸϸĴͳ߸ߣ￪
ԭɵġҹŻȻǳݲʲô洫ҩܴ߻ġ
ȻĶκĲҲ͸˼ְգҿ㣬Ҫʲô
֮ҹڵ㣬ֻˣһƽϢ


132 ҵϣ
ҹߣʱѾ룬ҹ˶ʳ֪ζҹޡ
Ȼеǵҹ᲻£ǵҹ᲻һ¶ûУͻȻ֮ð˳
Ӣĳ˭Ҳ˵ԶǰĲ豭Ųˮ뵵龰
֣ҵ⹩Ǽǻ᲻ųŵһؼ۷ЩϲֳƵգڿʳɻ
϶ᣬ˵һؼ۷ʲôֻһε飬ҲҲôˡüźܿ͹۵ط
ҹˣǵˣҪҪǸǡȥҪģκʱ춼ҪչʾԼǿ
Ӣ˿ӣ̾һȻҲ㣬վǱҹҪԶҲĲӣ츳ؽԼֺγǣ
ҹһٸﰵıʾҵһУҪӢţټһݼҵҹһġ
Ǻʱȴˡ־޴޵ǰӪӢǬµĲҵȣ׵ֻҪ־׬Ǯһ
ӢǬ⼸꣬Ѿֻʣ˱⣬ǰһԵţԵҲȥˣԺֻһһӼѡ
ǰѳһжһˣһǴǰңԱñǰǿ󣬵ؼ۷ʱûУһʱҵĵӣˣӦûˡ
㶯ֵʱҾȻҪԸҹ˵ҹеĻᣬͼٵٻֻҪҷҹԸ͸һؼ۷Ĺ˻޳ػʮꡣ
ӢĻϲҪ飬Ȼ͸ĽϾȻֺ¶Ķвĵ
ǽһУӢˣҹȻҲҵ󹩷Ȼ˰æǺԣҹսԴﵽ۷塣
һŭѣΪҽеҵףҲҹ˼ޡ
ǵз̧ҪɱҹʱӢͻȻһ⣬ˣ
ҹٻû⣬ҰæԸҹһζڶ
һʱӢŷԼˣش
ɱĲһҹҵڶӢǬԼҵڶĻĨɱ
͸һؼ۷ĹֻҪЦˣֹֻܵүүģָӵöǲǹǾһ˫ҵ۾
ңǺİ
ɱҹΪڶӢǬԼȴһʵĳɡ
ҶɱҹֻǳְæѣҪﵽЧ
Ӣ޲ܺݺݳԼһƣһΣԸЩҹƴеʵҲҪʮ̵֮ʱҾܳɳһ˾ȵĵز
أˣһжˣҹûⱲҲ壡
ԼӣھȻţһ᲻ųŵһؼ۷Ĺ
ңˣ
ӣӢͻȻָоһӣѾһҪ˵ңʲô˼
ҹǸؼˣҲòšӢعʱ˵š
죡
ӢͻȻһ֮ŭܰؼеĻǷʲô
˵仰Ӣתˣȴ𽥱ɫĶӡ

쾩Ƽңȳһͨ͸̵ţðŰ£һ
Сޱ˵ҹ°ɣȳ˵
ģޱ϶˵Ȼ֪ҹʲô򣬵ǿȥȻ˵úأȴûеĳ̶ȣͨĹߣѾûˣĶ˵Ļᡣ
˶˵ؼ۷ػȻ̧ͷҼҪүүʬǴңÿÿ𣬶һѪڵĸо
ǰʲôģߵǿˣɸһȣǡߡһ
ﰲŵôˣȳҡҡͷʵ
ѾźˣޱŴ⣬ǸҵĹ壬ҲѾҵȻһֱۣѾûд󰭣ʱȥ˶˻֮⣬ٿκˣֻڸţûȥǡ
ţİɣڣû˸ҶᣬΪҹûֻʱѡȳȭͷ
Ҳ̫ãһʱҹֵĻ¾Ͳôˣޱͷǿҹµĵ䣬᲻ֻҹãҲֻƯ˼ʣų䷽ԼôƵķˣ²
СޱᣬΪ裬ΪҹȳȻʵ
ϣޱԶ绹Ҫöࡣ
УޱЦһ£ҹܻĻԸ裬ҹһûа취ıأϧЩûп
ǰҵЩȳҲǸ̾һ£ȴһתصϣҹһֱĻһҵŮˣ˭붯Ҫúõһ£ûб¸ƼҶŸɡ
硭ޱԥһ£˵²ͬģҸоҹһĸ飬ƺֻô򵥣Ҳã֮¡
Ǻǣʲôʱ˵ҲôµģȳЦͬģΪҿԴӦⱲӶҪκζκɣֻ֣һѡ
үүͬģޱü־̫ˣ
ʱ˵ɣȳҲһ£ҡͷЦЦ㣬ҹĻˣֿɲ٣ϲ⣬ŮһǸΪҹƴõ
һץҵޱŵ
ŶȳЩˣΪ᣿
Ϊ֪ȻܺãǻʲôûΪҹޱЦţңΪκθ
ȿȡȳûǺκθʲô
λŮãһοǴ޸߹ķ񣬾Ҫճ伫أͿˮͶͱˡ
үүˣ϶ᱻȳһŰ˵
ģ֪ΪôһŮ˶ޱȴǵ
ôܣȳܲΪȻҶ˽⣬ǲܻصңҲƼҵŮҹԼĽٴһԼңݺݵϳһơ


133 
ȳ˵仰ʱѾɵһ
Ҿһ𣬡ޱȻţٽһҵĻû˱ҸʺϰҪҡ
ϲȳЩȡ
һ׵Ļ˵ⲻϲǰޱԼЦˣվΪҳͷʱҾѾоĲͬóκҵʱҾԼⱲӾӦ
˻ˣȳָͷû뵽ҾȢְԼȥƼҿˣ
һûһţʱЦʱڿһ£Ĳ˼䣬ͻصҹĻ
ѾڼƻţһҹҪôȥ˵ʱƼңôչ裬һ׬ǮĲҵޱҪôҹչһĹϵ
ȵЩѾȷҹڶҪһ
ˣ
˵ˣȳڳٳˣң
ôˣʵ
Ŀǰû£ҵĹѾȥ׷ˣЩ˵Ϣ˵ҹҵĴ߿ϼĹײġ
ȳһĴ߿ײģҲֻҹóҼǵһҹ˵˵ֻҪܻһҪүүʬǴţΪӢʱҾ͸òµ϶
ô죿ޱȴǽʡ
ȻҵŮǹңóķ棬һʱ䲻֪Ҫôźá
Ҷҹʲô̬ȣѾˣڻŶҹƵңؼ۷ĹһǸٳ֣ҹ׶༪١
ٻǱ߾Ͳָˣ綼ѾڵĴҪæ˵ĻҲûκ˻
ͬȥټƼҵĸֵģؼĹ֣һΣһҪҹȳ¶ĵ
ϴôҴææܵңȴһؼ۷ĹҪæҲͲ岻֡
ʱ򣬿տ˵׻ǲõģҲܴŵؼ۷ĹֱǸһҹҲˣңʲôɣվƼҰѹϵҵġ
ؼͬԥһ£ҪҪ֪֪ͨؼɲүǲġ
Ѿ֪ˣһ뷢԰ȴ߳ͬȥټƼеĵؼȳԴȥҪҹǸСӸҴ
ȳٴξһ£벻үүҹôأ̾̾ȥͬټ˹̵֮绰֪ͨңȥһң֪ܲҹȥ
ֻ˵˼䣬Ѿ̶ȥ׼ˡ
үүҲҹȤ𣿡ޱ۾תתЩֵʵƼеĵؼҼûй
ǺǣֻļүүļҲûйƳҵЦЦҵȷ뿴Ǹȳص˶ϧΪУҵıŮҪ˵Сӣʲô·
ֻô򵥣ޱеֱͲᱻôһ仰ˡ
֪Ѿͷ˼࣬µҲȷûô򵥣ҿҹôӣ϶ԭ򣬡ƳҵޱȥܱôӵģǰֻһˣǾҹĸӢǬȻҹҲִ֣ܵ϶ǿҹһвҵһλˣЩҲŵùˣʱһѹһˣȻ쾩Ĺ壬ɾԶһҶˡ
ҹôޱҹȴûΪвҡ
ҵǹλҶһɽһҹôǿҲֻһʯʯѹôɽ
ҹʮͣܰؼУȵһʮʱʲô̶ȣƳҵ˵ʱԼ϶ãҶ²붼һܿµ飬ұһٱҲµòӢǬҲѲ˸ϵ
ʲôޱС춼ղ
鲻Ҫ̸𣬷ǻ鷳ģƳҵţ˵ȻüأҲһ߶¶ʥҲûлɹңֻûȷʵ֤ݣ˭Ҳǡ
δܾȻҹ𣿡ޱĵĻ⡣
ϢɡƳҵҲҶ϶ô
Ҫ¾ɱҹѪȥƴĻƼҿ϶Ǳסڵҹֵ´Ǯȥ
˭Ҳֻ֪ҵļ

ңǰһΣŽ죬һδҡ
ҵĴűһŴм߶ϣԺʮڣֻʱ䣬ͱһˤúˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣλҴ٣ֱװԵĽ˿ľײģһ̧ڼϣǵشӴ˳ȥ
ҴԺû˸Ӳң˴ˣĻϼĹײģ˲֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ȻЩǲ֪˵ʲôҪΪֻڵϴ͹˲˵ġ
ʱӢ֪¡
ֵǣӢȻûеıףǺƽ˱ڵĻ㱨֯˲ѭ·׷ȥ
ǸҶ˼̾͸ȡϵһʱ䳯ҹ뿪ķ׷ȥ
СʱѲҵĹǺ˵ҵҹ٣쾩֮һɽϣҪɽ϶һʱ䣬ȥˣд㡣
йڶɽڰΧʱ򣬻ǱҹˣԷǾ֮񣬸ûиҵκ˽սǿײľܡ
Ѿϵˣôܵοǿſھ޴Ĺײģ
Լٹ˰СʱҹѾ޿ɱܣֻöһխƫƧɽ
ͼȥλӢµֻȥ룬žñȽȥʱһٱٶ˳ûа׽ȥҹһѷɵ
̫ˣԸҹҲҪؼֲУ
ǵؼˣȻؼҲˣҹûͷɵ͵ը
Ҳ֪СӴŪףؼǰһ̤ɽǡǡĽϣٶȱǸĻҪ죬ԺҵģֻǶһȡ
ؼڵĲУֻܵؼ۷ǿˣǰĽҲֻ֤еؼ۷ǿ߲ҹռˡ
ܹؼ۷ǿߣȴûж
ǸɽڱͲ󣬱ըһ֮ߵѶڶµֻʣһ
ؼ۷ǿߵȷܽȥҲ£ڵҹûˣҪȻҲôһèš
һǽȥˣҹ͵ըҩأ


134 ҹս
ǸСӵĸԣһԭӵпܣʮֿĵصؼ۷ȥٰըҩţǿߺСɽͷһ·İɣ
ԽĥֿԾԽؼ۷嶼ȥðա
˽ʲôӮӮ
ǲȥô죿ܲһֱŰɣ
ؼ۷ĹеۣǸҹ׼˳Եĺȵģôһֱȥɣ
𣬡һڵղҲѬ
һӸոλӢ¸˵ĹɽӦò̫󣬶Ҳûбĳڣ߶Ķֿ챻סˣֻҪڶջѬ̣ò˶Ĺ˵ˣǸᴭĶñѬ
׼ݣ֮Ū𣬹Ѭ̡
ؼ۷ǿ߾վڶߣֹҹͻȻߡ
ȰȰ򾶼øѬˣôҹûгأ
ǴӰ˰ɣ
ͷһؼ۷嶼һ
Ҫˣ˲ɾͰ˶Ѽˣ
ȥһؼ۷忴һ˦ͷ˼ȥһվһҲԷ˦˦ͷȥɡ
ͬʱ󣬰ˣֻȥˣ˭ô˵վڸֺȽϰȫģ
Ѳ𳷵Եһ£׼ҪȥͻȻɽﱬһ졣
䡭
ɽȥ˭Ҳȥˡ
ľսԼԥһӣȻҪɽըĳˡ
ҹСӣȻôըҩؼ۷Ҳ¡
ҿոյʱûнȥȻСӿ϶һȥ̰ɽըСǹݵģܣͬʱҲŸͬھĴ㡣
¡
ɽըţ治ֹһըҩ˵ǵؼ֣켶ǿߣҲûл·ɣ
ˣ˵ʱѾȷҹûܣɽˡ
εҲɣʱٳǿɾе˵ȥˡ
˶ؼһţֱ˵һоȫλá
䡭
ҹɽһ£ڰ
ǡըôڼҲڲ
ԲۣôͻȻըˣ
ͻȻ֮䷢֣ǺרĵǸɽըľʱԼҲѾըˡ
һǾ춯أѾըҩһ
СӣȻҪһᰡ
ؼ۷˵ÿ죬һо춯֮̾ͷŰȫĵطˣֻһˣˣһƬը֮С
ȳƼеؼʱɽը龰һ˲䣬оԼǵսһ
ҹȻﶼǴֱʣһΣȫ
ȳѾըе׷ɱӣֱƽʱ򣬲Ŵ˽һƬء
ȥ֣Ǹɽ򿪡ʱҵĹܻš
ؼ۷壬ؼڣʮôһˣǿû˵ȻƵһ룬˵Ƕ˶Ѽңڿ¶Ѿȥˡ
ҹǻ˵ҪǸСӻûĻ治֪ȥҪô
ûɲǹ˵֤ģҪɽٿ֪
ؼ۷嶼ֻһҹʬ壬ӻ԰ģȻĻһμֱ۵ˡ
ȳȻҲУ뿴ģɽصҹʹصϢ
˸ڴھ򹤳̾Ѿʼˡ
һķջǰǸɽ˳һѾըһǻűȽĺۼ
ĵطŹײûȫյĲкʣµľǹǼܡҽ
ɽܣɢһЩ֫ϿӦþҹӣֻըҩ̫󣬰˶Ѿը飬޷ȫˡ
龰ٿΧȫûпĵطȷҹѾˡ
ҹôˣȳеţʵǰ˵߱ըʬ岻ҹ˭
ҵ˿ǸҹɽİҲûпҹٳȥֻҹҹͱȻˣ˭ҲǱνգܲɢ֮װ
ٲţȳҲֻܳϣҹˡ
ϢأӢһƨɵϣ˵仰
Ѿˣֻ׵ЩһЩôߵһҹˣңҲˣ
ңҲٳż꣬ʮ꣬ʮ֮󣬺ң¾ͽҪԶسΪʷǱ˲λ̤ʯ
ƼүӵõϢ֮󣬳̾һĬȻ߻ԼСԺޱһˣǱѾûĲ豭ȻץˤǽǣµĲ豭ֻʣһļƬ
ҹˣʲôϢȴܿ촫쾩Ķ䣬Ǹǰ컹ΪСģҪͣСӣôˣĲҡ
ҵǣӴ֮󣬳轫Ϊ죬Ҳûеڶһҩˡ
ҹˣǻкܶ˱ʾţȳųص飬Ϣʱ򣬶ԷֻЦһͰȳˡ
ȳҲ֪ΪţĹȣԾ񶼳˴ҡû׷ȥʱȻʡ
ҹʵû
ϢҲ֪ﴫһԽԽһЩƽ˲֪Ļ
˵ҹΪһִĳ裬⵽ĳ죬ɱ֣ҹ׷ɱҹҲ֪ͨʲôһըҩưˣһɽ棬ըը˴󲿷֡
ԼҲǸɽʵǵµɽٿûʬ壬˵Ѿ·ˣôܵģ˵ɾͶˣе񻰵飬ҹһ顣
Ҳ˵ɽʵʬģֻʬҹ׼õģ·ȻѾ׼õصˣߵʱ򣬻˶ʱըǸصҲը٣ԴҶôӵģΪˡ
ȻҹûĴ˵ܶ࣬Щһ֪Ǽٵģ˱ȽţҪΪҹŮѣзһ顣
˵ҹϢ֮Ҳû˵һ仰ǹû죬ףһּҵ˷磬⵱ͷˤж
ҼŭҪͷʱҲ֪ĶһѷɵɵƤ嵽ľϣֻһ
ɵҲûиҳͿذ˷縸ӸˣҲû˷綩׵顣
кµƣרøֶȥȷһʱ̶ֵСǲǴ˵ҹµģͲö֪ˡ


135 Ҫ
쾩뺣֮䣬һȫĵӹＸ˹¼ĵӲƷ
Ǽ֪ӹ·һ֮֮ϸӸ߶˵ĳһжԵù϶أȴҲ̵ִĵ³Ǳ
ÿһֲϣǺϳɵĸ߿ƼսͬʱըƲһ
ܵļ豸ҲֵߵĹߣһʱǺܰÿһ˶ʱ򣬶ᷢһЩش⡣
Ҳ⣬һΣۼ˾Ͳ٣Щ˶ǱŸܶڹ۾Ҳͷͳһġ
ЩŮɫɫһճʱǶͣ
ˣǿȡͷʼǵĿˡ˵Ķﶼ仰Ȼͨġ
Ұͷժű˴˿˶ԷģҲ˸ո˵ˡ
ЩȻص㣬ڳصǰһԸһЩĿ̨ĸλֻˡ
ʣ˾εĿˡ
ЩˣǾ֤Լһϵг򣬲ѡʣµģһܹͨͿʥ֮УʽΪʥһԱͨĻҲԽ֣һЩȵʵ㹻ʱ򣬻Եʥ֮Уһ·˵ǰ˵ֻǹߣǾǰĶУֶʮУʮ֮ھܣ߱Ȧ֮˽ʧȥʸôڰ˳ʼ
һ
ڶʮɯս
£һĸŮ߳ȥͲ󣬵ΪѾڡ
һϸıһ˶װ֮䶼мֽյζֻϧŮǸˣޡ־òҲеͨȻվȺ֮УһƬĿ⡣
Ҫʥ꣬òûõģϾǲѡУ
Ů֣Ѹ磬һ׽õļƮ죬ֲʧɼҲһ๦ġ
޵Ҳ˿ϧ񣬵ཻ˸
˶һʱԶȻҡҡλ߹һӰϸʱ˳ûм˧Ӣ֮ͦУֲʧţһƺ߷⣬΢΢ƻ
֮мλϣһɫţ˪Ƶ˿һۣΪԶ߲ˡ
Ǻǡֻ֮ǵȻЦЦȻ⣬˵óֻǲ֪ǲмôûлӦʲô
ӢǬѾ࣬ȥֻʣһ˵ĻͿȡˡո˵˵
ףɽĵĶǲ٣ѡ˵ģ֮΢Цһ£࣬Ͼ꣬ʥһصĵط
˵Ҳأףɽһ
ֻǰչѡˡ֮˵ţ۾Ϊ⣬ԵЩӡ
ȷ˻Ը𣿡ףɽĿ𴦡
˵⼸仰ʱ䣬ɯѾֳʤܿϧȻڵʮеʱܡ
ˣҪˣ
ߵһλҪɯܣ˭֪֮ѾֵԷ˵ĹȨ
ԸԸӢǬ飬Ϊʥ֮еһԱ֮ʡ
ҵȻԸ⣡ɯæش
ţܲʥҪˣ֮൱صͷڿʼ׼ӢǬһԱɡ
ǴҶûпǲأ
ؼʵⶼ򵥵ˣģ˭Ըʥ꣬Ը⻹ǲǳԱ˳ŵ𣿽ôһ仰ˣ
֮ףɽüͷϣո˵Ĺأ̭飬㽲Ĺأ
˵ʲô֮ľƺһЩϵЦȴǸŨˣûкĻҼǵӢǬ鳤ȨŹмģҸոտĽܺãֻһжѣǱˣȨûҽĹأ
м룿ףɽüͷ˼룬ӢǬ鳤Ȩ
ΪӢǬĴ֮£ӢǬ鲻սǷҼܳƵŲߣԲŻôһ
Ǿ仰鳤ӦָӢǬɣҲ壬ΪӢǬֻʣ֮һˣһ඼һˣ֮ȻԶ油鳤λϡ
˵֮ûȨҲ˵ȥģִֻܹҴǰû顣
˵ԴӢǬ֮˾Ѿˣ˺Ⱦ֮⣬Ĵεκûִй
˵ǰأҲˣɺȬ֮Ȼ˲˵ĲǴ֪ӢǬĴȷСûֱӰ߳ʥ֮⡣
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ô˵Ǵ㣬ûͨĶӢǬȥףɽЩ
ôֻ࣬ҪһͿˣ֮ٺһھƣ̬ȴȻƽʥĹأֻҪһ黹ڣһͲɢ
ߡףɽǳһ
֮ͲҪȨðӢǬտӸάȥǰ֮һˣԺӢǬ飬ͱ˵Ŀˡ
ڶʮⳣս
ţҿҲⳣҪˡ֮ȿʼѾڼԼĲˡ
һ˵޶ɯҲֳһսֻһоͿԺϸˣҲǿʥļⳣҲ̫ˣ˲Ÿոֶ߳ûгأ˵ǻῴ
ףԣôῴҲУͷûժء
Ҫ˵Ļףɽǻûע⵽ⳣļһȻһֱǸڱߺͷ
֮Ҳ֣ףɽһվ
ҿɲȻشһĻͷⳣͻȻ˵ܱǸȻҪʥ꣬ȴûȤһƹ쵼Сڡ
ףɽոⳣ죬ȴôһ𰸣Ȥؿ֮
Ǻǣ˵Ǿƹ֮ⳣŨء
ѵ㲻ǣⳣ΢΢ЩɳƣҲԼһƹ
ಡ
֮ˣ糵һתţⳣǰ
ⳣǰһܣڵһ޴ȥ
顭
ⳣķӦҲǼ죬Ȼ߷ɣȴûܵʲôӲˣǧһ֮䣬ڼײϵһϣ΢΢һ֮񵯻һֵ˻ȥ
ףɽһĻ΢΢һ£Ϊ֪ǽӵӲȣϵȵĵն棬ûκ⣬ǸոţȻһǳǳӡӣ֪ոյжˡ
ⳣⷴü죬ҲŽ߳
ǡԱ֮ʩ
С˵ĽݼҵľѧȻ˷ĳʵˣ


136 Ը˳
û뵽ǣ֮ʱѾƺһӣҲ֪ʲôطˢسһѱһҪⳣŽʶϡ
֮ףɽŭˣû뵽ƽ࣬һ֮쾹Ȼ˺
֮ҲǵؼʵȥǸⳣҲѾˡ
ⳣͻȻ֮ڿһû֮߹ȥŶһ١
ϧŸոأ֮ĽѾǰˢˢˢ£ⳣŵͷնķѣ¶һԴҲ൱ƽһ
Ϊʲôһֱͷ֮ýָŶԷǲʲôܼԭ򣿡
Ҳһȣ֮˵Ƕˣոⳣ֮սȻڿҲ½еġ
ⳣδҲ̫ˣ
ȻһˣҲúٰܹϾ֮ǵؼ֣Լڿ¹УˮƽֱЩ˼ˡ
һ͸ӣͷҵߡⳣƽ˵
ŻȻԭˣȻⳣԭҪʾ͸ӵģû뵽֮ʹ򡣲ǻ͸ӣոһսҲ㹻˵սˣ͸ҲǺõܡ
͸ӣҾ˵ֱܲӽӢǬɣٿˡ֮˸˵
ҲһƹⳣȻ˵
֮ﵷңһˣһͶ㡭ףɽĻû˵꣬Ѿ֮ϡ
ףɽһ㲻Ϲ𣿡֮ʵؿףɽ鳤ȨճԱʱ򣬿϶Էʵѵд
ûУصѡⰡʥļֳȴһֱǿգ˼ҶŲ˦ˣ㻹ŷҪ˿˼ҵʵⲻǵʲô
ףɽҲһƢˣ´̨һԾֺ죬ϱѽͬʱ֡
ȻҾ͸ֽ̼֣˵ˣ˳ʥꡣףɽָ֮
֮ĿЩ㱵ӣһҡҲȣӮҲû˼ֻҪӢǬͿˡ
㻹ȸұȰɣӮңұ֤ûˡףɽ۾һ˿ζ
֮Ƿˣľƹһ˽ĶûˣȻ䵽ҪʥļңʵϣѾȫ䵱Ķˡ
ҪĶ֣ӢǬģ
ƷɹȻӦսȴⳣҪŹʮУͨʥĿˣҵϣֻҪŹʮУУҾͨ
˵˶ЦԭΪƷɻٴУһȥһУλʥǰԼز㰡
ʮ֮ǲͲٷңⳣʵ
˶ǸһҲǹֱӵģ֮ô˵ҲʥǰôӰ
ףɽȴǺָԣͲ˶ⳣһӲŲӣͲӢǬ飬Ļ֮ô档
ǾУ֮ƺһ£֮㻹ûаܵĻֱӽʥʸˡ
ã㲻ýⳣ
֮˿ı΢΢üͷҲá
ʲôǰһһ˵˱ԣҲһԵķʽҪƽϡ
ףɽȷ֮ţѾĥÿҪˣĿ⳯ⳣȥⳣҵĽԽá
ҲýⳣϻǺܽӲҲû̫飬ƺףɽ֮һ̬ȣһѵ
ףɽҲ⣬һѵӸⳣŹУҸһʥһ飬зĻᡣ
ⳣӹҲףɽʱ˵ɡ
Сţǹ⿴֮˳ۣǸ˭еð
ʱףɽţһ͸ȥӢǬ飬һų֮ˡ
뷨ֻһʱ֮Ѿˣⳣһ˵ʱȻѾ˹
һĺһһ㣬ѤĹӰڽų
ֽ֮ò˶ǰһһЩŮԱǰҲֻǳ˧Ҳ˧ˡ
ֽףɽȴ̾͸оһ״̬鸡ȥȴ㣬ͺǽİʧȥצһ
Щ鸡ĽҲκ˶ܵµģ֮ϾҲŵؼʵġ
ףɽⳣʱֻӵƲ죬ȴһ½һ£ޱ׼ȷնڶԷıһ۾Ͱ֮Ľһ㶼һ
úãףɽһһƣŬסˡ
ҲʥĵؼǰˣҪһǰӡ

ײ֮Ȼȥ֮ѹƣףɽܿʱ䳤ˣ֮Ҫܣ
ʵȻѾ½̶ֳףɽҲЩģ֮ǾԶûĿˣӢǬǰһĴڣֻʣһƤҵĽˡ
Уת˲֮Ѿ
ⳣˣһУĵѾֻʣµ֮ĽѾֵĲϡ
ˣ֮ȻΣȴв¶ĵ⣬ҽӢǬɡ
ǰǹְ˼ʵܽʥģҪңŪˣ˽飬ٵһ
ܶ˵ˣôģֻһͺˣЩ˵ģ갡
̫ⳣû֮ȴһתͷףɽ˵
ףɽ˵ģȴûСˣһԭԹ
̫ûǵȷǲ˵񵶺ӮȫԼһ
У˲ҪǽʥҲܽǬ飬ȻñС
Ҫ˵ĻʱҲʻȥ֮Լȥɣˣˣһ˴
ɣ֮˿̵ºǰָǿĵŻô򡣡
ԭҲ̾ţЩʥǰ򵥣һѵûܻͬĴ
һѺõĻҾͻĳʮˡ֮˵
ȥǰ̫ʵˣոһ󣬺Ȼֵˡ
ĻҲȽûӣ֮ƺǺˣһûһ˵ţԹףףɽ㡣
ۡ
ףɽû̫֮ˣģ
ȻһССⳣԼϣַӾ͸㶨ˣҲôް
ҲǺ£ӢǬ飬ȷѡ񣬡֮˵ӢǬʱֻĽʥΨһһֻʧֹһεС飡
ֻʧֹһΣһΣˣһѰ
û˵˾ͽ飬ⳣᶯҲһƹ
֮Ҳˣû뵽ⳣôԸ˳
˳ҲھƹҪáⳣ


137 ӢǬ
иԣ
ܶ˶ﰵޣҸʥǰô˵̫зˡ
֮̾һٸһᡭ
ˡⳣת̭ȥ
ͨˣ֮ϸ𼸷ΣƺЩһʵոʮһУֻǶûзֶѡ
ʮһУ˵˶ǵɴ۾ûпʮһ
ǰѵģʵİΪ̫Σַֿ죬ǵˣҲѲԱߵ˿ףɽС͡
˵ҪǲҪüͷʡ
ҪӢǬɣףɽ΢Ʋһ£Сӵĸ̫ǿﶼܺʣ֮һӡ
ҪӢǬɢĻӢǬԶҲʧҲС
ʧô֮ڵӣʧͲʧʲô𣿡ףɽЩмЦһ£춼ѾѵƷųֹһˣһһҲúþԸȥСȥ
˵˵ͷ漴ⳣ֮ͨ󣬵ȴС䡣

ʱת۾͹ⳣ󱻷ֵӢǬ飬Ϣøһͬ˼ѵ˶Цһ£еֻĸо
Ϊⳣʵǲ̫ϲʵ˵϶Ҳϲ˵ƫƫÿ˵ÿ˺ܣֵԸȥӢǬ飬⿴ʥһֳͷ
ⳣȻ⣬ʥ긺ˣֻһͰˡ
ȻʥǹߵļӪҲһžһļɣκ˶ϼҪԷӣҲɺͼĹĵطͬҲʥսǷԭ֮һ
ⳣֻǱԹһ֮󣬾ͦһȥӢǬ֮ˡ
ӢǬĶ칫У֮ɯⳣһ
һҪô鷳𣿡ɯЩΪȻ
˵ʥڲҲйһСֶΣ̾ͻ˻ǵݣ֮ҡͷҹõԺʧһ޳ɲ
˵ҲԵʥһ𣿡ⳣ˵ҹʵΪʲôһ
ӢǬչԱûУʱ԰Ū֪ͬһ˽֮ǰεٺãҲɣһҪ˵ǰ߽ԺҲҪǳע⣬Ҫκα¶Լݵľٶ֮ҹ֪ڻδңҪҵ㸸ĸүү࣬ʥģҲȫĵط
κСĲҾ˵ġҹ֮
ΨһˣҹҪ֪ĸүү֪࣬ͬùĵİΣ
һǵ£֣֮ص֮ϴûаһΪ֪ΣգԺ󶼲¶棬ӦòҪһʥɣ
Ȼҹ϶룬ЩһеͿˡ
֮һУ˵ǶԵģ˵Ǽõˮ©үү˵һ֮ϣҲκε
ҹҲ֪֮ҪɱڣɱٴζѾˡ˵ҪϵõʲôԼҲ֪κܣֵöԷȥ㡣
ҹֱ֮У֮ҲǿŵģڶһЩִȫڵǳΨһߡ
֮ҹ飬Ĭһ£ִӱóһѹӵĺᵶ
ѺᵶĵһĵҪӺһ֣ûҫ۵Ĺâ⻬˴ֲڵ͸Ųɣɫ
Ѱҹ㸸Ϊµģ֮ǰĵףҲרΪһľȻ㸸ûҽս֮ҹϣ㸸֪Ȼ㲻ǴûзŬѰҹϰսõõûҲս䡣
ҹѵϿһ£һһԾҹ֣ǵ길׵ıʼ
ܺΪʲôûиɣ֮˵Ҳûа취õѰҹǺ£ڲͬˣʵ㹻ܼԦѵ㸸׵ıΣѵʼնýϡ
ҹϵġҹ֣֮Ը֣ҲԤʾȱһںҹ֮жɹһ㣬ڣ뵱һҹ֮е޳Ǹˣһֱڰ־һ͵ڤظ
ܶ˶֪㸸õΪóǽҲ͸ҵģʵȴǰսֻ˶ѾˣƷɿˣҶΪֻὣʵóȴܣ֮ǰĶʲôҲ֪ҲҪ˵յɱﵣˣҲҪԼĵƶй¶ȥֻǲȫġ
壬֪֪ܣõͻȻʵ
֪ƷɵɫЩȻ֪ǰսһ
ô˵ʮ㡣õƷɡ
¼ʲôùΪ֪Ҷܣ̫ңŻϣңԼͻȥˡ֮еģϸֳɫ
һֱû˵굽׷ʲôҹҲ׷ʵ
ꡭ֮ǰȻʱĻ档
һʮˣڼž֮УǱӵϢȥɱһֵĵߣû뵽Ϣع
ҲΪͻΧȥҲɱ˲٣˭֪ͻȻ콵˷ȫǻǵ˲˴룬֮䱻ճɻҽ
ӢǬİսһǰ֣ڹһɽն׵ͨȻһץ֮֮Ͳ֪ӵȥ
֮ʱҲˣʱ򣬾ͷԼڵɽ֮УΧһƬڡƴȫӳʱ򣬾Ϳ˱صʬ
ΪҸֻ֪ܻҹһ
ʱɽУǼǱģǵؼǿҲ⣬֮ԡ
ʮǿϴʱǸɫޣҲֲֲϣԼֱһơ
ҹʱҲһ㣬ҹԶҲˣǾ޴ֲɽٰͨеͨٵĳΪ汻ըˣһû
㸸Ҳԣ֮ϵֻܻΪܣҪʱҵһ
˵ţ֮ӻһ̵ʯϸһ̵ֻúйϵС«


138 Ŀɱ
ҹüͷֻʯС«ӵУһʶ̽ȥȴʲôҲûз֣оֻһͨʯѣûС
ҹս㸸µĶҪ˵ģӦþˡ֮˵
õҲչͬҲüͷʲô
κε֮𣿡֮ЦЦҲ֮
õҡҡͷͲҪȦˣʲôط
һ˵֮еĻ֣֮ص˵ʱ㸸װӵع϶ڵһʱ䷢һ˻ţɽҲһٳǵʱһⷨУκεܣκε޷̽Ҳܶⳡ١
˵װһˣõɴ۾ʡ
ҹһ£սǱ顱ƺĿַļ¼սĺܶණǵ쾳֮һƵģҲû̫⡣
ֻװһˣ֮ҡͷԵҲܲȷֻÿһΣҪĵ̫󣬾磬һˣѾǼޣҲʱ޵ģʱ֮󣬾ͻᱻԶӷﴫͳʱԼȥ϶Ҳӳ죬ǡ
ҹ̵ֻС«ϸضţ⻰֮ȴ̧ͷᣬ˵Ӷ£һˣͲӢǬˣ
֮Ҳ֪ÿÿ뵽ȴǾãӦûӢǬ
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㸸׵ӦģڵĻһҲϣУĻ֮ɻؿҹѵ㻳ⲻ㸸׵Ķ
ҲҪֻΪòˣҹ֮һۣеĵˣûһûУǴҲֻܵһƷڻѰҹ㹻ˣ
֮Ȼһ£Ǹˣûûа취򿪿򲻿ζţǿҹߣҲֻһװƷѡ
һΪװƷǿ϶˷ѵı֣֮ҲҹҪˡ
Ǿȷɣ֮õסΣյʱ򣬰ͿԲ棬һܱ¶ˣͻΣա
˲ŸңҲŲҪءõԱһת
ŰɡҹҲ޳ɣȻⶫ֧Ȩ
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Ŷõüëѿ˹ȥҾΪѣŰɡ
ƷҲǿЦһ£õ˵ҹĻԼöˡ
ѾͷҲҲˣ֪ҹʱ̫⻺ա
ݣһ˺ܳʱģٶʱڲ˷м٣ΪҵߣǻһЩɣʱ䣬ǲκγ飬ҲܼκǴǰʶˣֱҹõ֣״˵ʧΪֹǳҪҹ֮ţ޳Ը䣬ֺϲκ˽̸
ǲһֱﲻȥԺִʲôʱ򣬸˽Ӵ̫࣬¶һ䲻ϲ˵Ը񣬿Իرܵܶνķա
ǽô죿һֱĳ쿴Ⱦưɣõ˵ţʵ֪ҪȥҹȻڲʱֻǴҹ˳
ʱֻһĿ꣬Ʒɵ۾һ£ɱˣһʥյģйɱ˵϶ǣʱܼ죬ʮ죬£һһ߰Ще϶Ϥ֮Щ֮ǾͿԳȥˡ
ʲô񣿡õʡ
иɱйص񣡡Ʒȭ
ǰֻƷһˣݣܶ鶼޷ȥԲŻᾭǰʧڶİ֣ȻҪٶȣɱ˸
ӵɵĹɱּţ͸ſɵӰӣƫƫÿζץʲô㣬ҲڻĹڳ֣żȻ°ӣҲܿʧ
ƷȴţǰѣиոԵλؼ۷ɱв룬ǷصĽɫƩΪʥ긲ؼĴ
ɱ˵һ˵ǵɱʥĵؼ۷壬˵Ǹؼ۷壬Ҹסҹѵյ˵һ顣
Ʒɵͷпܣʥؼ۷Ҳ̫ࡣ
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ֲα۷壬ʵؼڶԻɱǣ֮ԴЩмֿҹҲ쾩Ĵ壬ôɵԭ򣬵ĵؼ۷壬㹻Ĵ忹⣬ѹһͷˡ
ԭˣҹҲЩ𺳣үү͸Ȼĵؼ۷壬־㹻Ĵ忹⣬ɼĵؼ۷Ҫʲô̶ȡ
ô˵ܰɱ˽ˣ϶õٵϢõ˵
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ǰ˵ģǲ̫˵ӢۣΪһЩȽ˽Ŀġ
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140 ȳ
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142 ˭ڲ
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143 ǵ
ǸʲôʦΪĲ֣һѾǵؼֵĻӦöԶԶĲǣô
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˵һɨһΣĿĵϻ̰ճ˵ǸƯŮ˵ϡ
ŮҵСҧһڣӦúˬɣңһһֻڣ϶ˬģ˱˵Ů˵ȥСƯҲ
ϹϰҵȻʹ죬ʦһţ㲻ϲ˵Ĺͷ𣿵ٰ֮Ůһ飬϶ˬúܣ
ٳȰ飬˵ֻ쵽һ⻰˻ߵʦĸǰž˦һƣҵģŮҲҵģһǿˣΪһֱã
㡭㡭ʦƺǱˣȫ˻ѡ
ֲŵ˸ŭˣžž˦ƹȥöԷֱֻѪҲѪ
Ҫõ˵ţûҶԸһ£浱ϲ𣿡˺ݺڴʦһڡ
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ô˵ģԲǣҪҹôȥȫĹͷĩҲɸʵġ
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ǵͷʱ򣬶ʱ棬ˣܻųȥҲû˹ͷˣֻϲͷֱۣѾٽֱۣԸĽˡ
ŹңģŮҲģҪʲôֻҪеģͨͨ㡭Ǹոġ
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˵ᶯ֣ţ֪ĿöԷͣһҲ˰
ģæҹš
ʲôҹָŵڵϵŮʣ᲻


145 ѩһ
Ǻڼĳ棬ҧ֮ûнҩĻһʱ֮ͻᶾģҲȲˣʮСʱ֮ڷҩͲ¡š
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ʲô˵ҹܣԲȶʮұĲ˵򼣬ղŵСҲֺ
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ڴţڴҹɫҧ֮һʱ־ı顣
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˵ˣлᣬұֶ֤ҩϣȻĻԼŰɣҹɨ˶ԷһֶۣҪһʱŻῪʼ࣬Ҫ೤ʱҿɾͲ̫ˣʱܲܶûɱ̫ͬ
ṩõ鱨ҲԵûзõ仰ջԣԺҵٷˣֻҪ£ǾͲ鷳
ܷңٻЩţһұѩݵܣ
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ͷһ۴ʦ㣺㵽Ůͷϰɡ
ʦˣ˵ԩԩʲôûţˣңǽ˵һæֹѪоȻ


146 ɱ
ã㣬ٻҹȥȻҹˣţӦøһã
ÿõ졣
㵱ڣҹõһѣ˵ʲôɱйصģ
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ո˵ûɢŵϢ˹Ҳɱģô˵˹ɱɱģϢҲɢģõʡ
Ӧǣǿ϶Ҳ֪ŵ飬ѩ͸ɱ˵ˣΪܶԭûߵһѩڻԵɺ֮£õһţΪɱŻһ֮£һѩţЩŮӣĶȡһаŵĹȻɹˣѩžͱ˹һΪݣɲɡٻʧǶʱѩһЩ˳
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147 ܾ
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ΪؼôͻأʺãҲҪʱأ̫ˣȻѹеģ͵ÿһ춼һŮˣλȥ֮ҸһȥҼһҪȵݵʱ򣬡ҸС㿴Ÿ磬۷嶼ˣڻŬأ˵ڶؼ˳Ȼɣ˭û˵ʣͲˡ
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汾һɱֵĴɣȻСһ֣Ҷɱڲ˵һˣкҲġ
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148 ֮
һɽһֻһˣֻǵͷһ̫죬ҵעϡ
СŻȻһͻȻʲô߶һرţ߳ĻŵͷĹȥ
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ؼŸͻˣɱڹؼʱ̶侲ĬģҸȴ˷ܵؽ

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սɱ֣û˶ηʲôǵͬʱȼ˻档
ҸĻһƬ죬ŨƺСӵĻҪһЩŸĻӹ죬֮д˿˿Ҳǻ״һ棬תţؼǿߵһ㣬γһССС
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⽣Ļһ˲µģȱҲԣ⽣Ļ֮У֣˵ʥ˶ûа취ٿǰֻ֮һս
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ѾõݣһĻ˵֮ӿ潻һССķγһǽ
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ﻰҹȻˣҪ϶һ䲻̫ĻҪбİ취˭ôԸ𰡣


149 
֮ˣɱֶ
֪ԼĻʲô̶ȣеؼĸ֣Ҳֻȼա
Ҳ֪֮ǿ֮ǰ˵Ľ裬ܿһ
ҵǣԼܣǡǡö֮ĿƣǶԷʩչһƺȻǿƵú
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ָֻӣһ˵ǹӰͳˡ
ƺһһ·ûеľͳǵĻǽӲҪ˴ܣա
ּ򵥴ֱķʽее⣬һרҵĻۣôȱ۶

ҹֻոһǻǽϵ·Ѿڵð¶ȣԱտ̯ϵ̿ܣҪӸ
ҹȵ֮ѿھͽгҹʵ֡
һʵǲܵӢǬԼȴɥ𺣣֮ȻҪظһεĲҾ磬ؿӢǬĶӣһΪ˾Լǽ
ܣԲܽܣ
֮Ѹٵرţħô˵֮еĿսʿһͻŵı鶼ñǿЧ߻Сʱǰţһ֦ǹ֣˸»棬͵ǰҪҹӻǽϳ
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׹ʲôطҹĿѾ䵽˾Ÿϣʾش
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𣿡ҹЩϷʵؿŶԷ
ŵĻǣÿһɱ˳ˣϸпѵʥֶþҲδؾܵõʲôŸһ
˵ǵѾ켶ΪˣҹͻȻ˵һ俴Ʋմ߶Ļ벻֪Ϊʲôô죿УΪʲôûмĵؼɱ֣


150 ˭
˵ʲôŸµؿҹ˿ĻӰ졣
˵ǵˣŸһɱеĵؼߣȫΪʵĲƷܿ켶ΪҹȻЦЦУЦݣֱԳ΢ЦҹĿ⻹ھŸϣеʱ䣬ڰŻȥĻõĴ϶ҲǸǰЩؼһϢʧ
ֵӵϷͲö˰ɣŸĿ΢΢˸š
ǲ࣬ԼжϣҹЦǰɱϸعʥӢǬСĳԱʱɱӦûвٵĵؼ߰ɣԴһ֮󣬻мؼ֣߳ҹüëŶԷǲΪЩ˶ѾȥԼȥĵطŻǮݲ椶붼Ӱɣ
ŸĿڼ˸ţҸСѾȫɵˡ
ǵҲɻ󣬲ֻ࣬˵ؼ߻õִǴûмһؼ߸ǵ뿪ĵؾˣ֮Ҳûгֹ
Ȼɱְҵȷǲƽÿ˶Ƕģʧôĵؼ֣ȴûһٳֹҲȷ̫ˡ
ԭأҹ˵ֻһ㹻ȫ¶亹ˡ
ɱ֣ڵ˭Ҳұ֤̫ʱԼǻŵġ
ɴǰǺôһͷŵؼܽѳ˵˦һƣˣԶгͷһ졣
Ҳˣɱֵȷˣһ·Ҫ˵ؼӭķɣǡ
ֿԣ붼ëȻ
Ҳţҹֶ̫ˣʥֶζȲϣŪˣŸڻҧ˵
ҲµòĹڵģֻûдǵΪҲ͵ؼٽһҲˣȴԣΪĹһ֪ҹ˵㲻ŵĻʾ㿴ǲҵ·ҲͬС죡
˵ѾָھŸüģ΢һתս
˭֪ûôʩչŸѾоǿҵΣڵѸٵҹȥͺǽ뺣һ
Ÿϳ˾˵֮ΪԱȣҹһ̨ף뺣Ҳҹ뵽Ÿĺƫƫ˹Ÿڵһɹɽ뵽ҹѸٵš
˰ɣҹԷ˹·߸Ҳ̫𣬵Ϊҵõ˴УûУĴڣֻǶԷĲƷ
ŸɵһתѾ𰸣ҹȷһ˹·ߣֻԼζֻܱԷɣûκεɡ
ٲţҲûа취ˣֻܰɵҹʵ˵ɣɱ׹ܲ
ȡͣŸѵ˵
ı飬˿٣ֱ֮ҹЩܲˡ
Ѿ֪ˡҹ΢΢̧֡
һ̧֮£ҹҲһƾȻ̧
þȻҲ޷ڶԷͷϵԷԳٶȣҹӿȥ
䡭
ҹ֮ǰѩɽʱչһߵ֮һֱȫһոսĵؼߣΪҲ˱Եӣڵʵȫ൱ڵؼսĻ֣Ҳ붦ڡ
ʶ֮һ̱ѸٵΧҲûٱ󣬻һӣͬʱչ˵ķΧǱˣܡиϸڣþͺԼۿһ㣬Ǳۿ
顭
ҹһ̣ŸڵڱոɾԷҲͨһ˵ϣҲá
ָ֮̽һϸϸŸ󣬷ֶԷֻûһ֮̽£̾ͷֶԷһûУ͸ͨͨһ
׵ûˡ֮ȻѾµ֣ĿЩš
Ҳû뵽Ʋˣ
ҹΪնԼ˵ģ˭֪һգ͸ͣ
⻹Լ˵ؼǡðѶԷˣĻ᲻Էˣǿɲ˵
ҸСֻɵɵؿţһǱҹŵˣԻһ¶ߵɵһָܰ
Ҳҹ˵Ļ˸ͬŸ֮ǰӣҲжϳеĹ·ߵȷǻͬģҲ˵ҹܿ˵ģЩߣ׼ǽ˵ؼ֮󣬾ͽɡ
ɵĻŸûôˣһڣʱͷҲһˡ
ɣֻɱ˵ĻãǶе߶ã֮ʵ
ȻΪһߣ൱У¼һҹͿٳҹȵ֮ĹˣΪ߲ܲ
ӦǶãҲ̫ҹνпԾ֪ˡ
֮һ£пҲԡ
ع֮УߣҪҹǲЧԺеǻᡣ
ô˵ֽʲô룿ҹҸСʵ
룿ʲôҲ룬붼ô°
ǰԼɱ˵ߣţӣǵ֮ۿžҪؼˣϾҪܵݴˣ˭֪ȻһŹء
ˡޣʲôˣǾǸСˣһڰǵһɱ⡭
ιٲ˵޳Ϳʼһˣõſѵ
˵ˣܷܲŹǹͨ˵ҸѸٵ˼·
ڸҽҹ̧ƣָͷ֮õɨһۣһǲ԰ɣҪҲֻǱûĻͨ˵
ԡõ˵
ֻ֮Ҹ絭ȻЦЦĬˡ
Ҳͨ˵ˣʲôУɱңҸæš
ôһûУҹЩţ׼һ򣬼ֵףʤ
Ҹͷҡø˹һֵ֣ף˵׼ͼֵȪ·ȥˡ
ѾɱֻƷʶѸٵɥʧţϸ˵ЩߣⷽҲıȲЩɱ֡
˵ɣɱ˵ܲ׹ʲôطҹʡ
ƽһҾ¥ɱɱֽͷĵطҲ﷢Ҹʵش
ҹְĿתСԷϾͲһׯ԰ɱֵľۼأƽʱҺٽֻŬԼʵ
ɱ˵˭ʲô֣ҹʵ۾΢΢һ£ûв´һǻˣһǸɣ


151 ֻдȥ
Ҹ粻ֻ˵⣬ҡͷˣû¶ĿǴǹʱҲһֻ֪ǻˣɱ˵ߣҲǻˣģʲô֪
ҹҲ֣˼ܣıƣô򵥾Ͱݱ¶ˣǵҪúһ£ǲǶԷµʲôȦˡ
жˣЩ˵Ϊô֮ҪģɲǶԸɱ˵һˣҪȫЩˡ
ȻЩ߶൱ǿ󣬵˵ؼ֮ѾѶԸԣʵҲǵؼڣǶԸһոսؼľŸ绹ԣټӸ۷ҸѾˡ
ԷϵĿ̫ԣ̫ˣǲöԸ
ɱ˵ߣȥ֮⣬ֻ߸Ҹ翴˿Сˣ߸۷壬ĸҲڳڵʵ
ߵɱжٵؼԱ֮ʵ
С߸ҡҸҲ̫ȷ˵
߸Ŀ㲻ϴ󣬵ǷһɱּҲ㹻ˡ
Ҫ֪һؼְ֣ͨɱд̵ļɣѾǿֲûѡο߸ȫǾͨд̵ĸ֣Ѿûѣǵ˲Ҿ御Ӿĵز
ôҵҹʵ
ûа취Ҫ֣Ȼû֪ĶҸЩε˵
Щⲻشʵûд𰸡
ƺڻľڣʱСӿڹԥһ»˵űȽͨɱҲЩ¥ǱߵͨɱҲʶһǱ߶һȽ˵мεĵ绰ǴӻĴȥġ
ģ֮ҹ˶ӣǸϢֻʤޡ
ҹжϹһǻˣһ֪ȻӦǾڻĵġĶ˭ûЩϢܰһ£͸ûϢҲࡣ
ô죿ҹõ֮ʱ󻹵⡣
֮Ҳûԥӻһ״ҩƿеҩӸСǶҩӦҲˣҲߣҿԱ֤ǵʵﵽ˵ؼ۷壬ҩʱҲ㹻ҪǵԲԣԼѡ񡣡
ԣǵȻҲܾôߣߣ̾
ֽȻҸСҪģڶһ֮СһţȻʶûʣͰһҸ
˶ҩ裬֮һҸϵҲˢ
Ȼ֮ȥֱӡ˵ϣֻǼʱ䣬ҸСϵ˿ھѾȫ
ҸСҲþ֣Ȼ֪֮ܣԼĻܿţǴ˿ҲһСˡ
ҪʲôҸʵ
ǵһٻпܻҪһˣ֮˿Իһٻ˾͸мӺͱ߻ͨɱֳ֣ܳģ͸ǣʵ̫ǿǵˣ̸ϵҲҪǶЩˣǱҪȥ飬֮һǾͿˣֻҪΥĵķɣǲ鷳ġ
ô򵥣Ҹ羪ȵؿֻ֮Ҫ֮ǾͿˣ
δؾһɵҲûаǵʲôʱ֣֮ЩЦˣһ첻֣ǾͲܽѣֻһֱҿƵΪֹ
ʧܣûҲûлصɱˣٸ¶棬ɱ˵һҪԸľǣ㲻õģǾΣǣΣԼҸ籣֤
ǵˣҵҪ󡣡֮û˵ࡣ
ǡСҸ綼֮ͷȻҹͷ
ҹҹ
ڼ˵ʱ򣬻еٻͻȻԺؽҹ
֮СҸһʹɫ˶ǿٵ˳
˵ҪٻǾ͵ôڿʼ˶ɱֳԼû뵽ͻȻ֮͸ˣ˱ڣִĸо
вǣڻóҩʵġҲ㣬Ūܹ꣬ˣҲͷ
Ļһһ죬ֻһ·ǿɱڶĶˡ
õһٻЩشҹϲɣ
϶ǵģҹ޵ʱɱңѩŵʱΪ˾ȥңظҶ˵ҵ˼ҪңݸãҶΪˡ
õЦ˳ˡ
ҹѾɽˣ˭˭ɡҹƲƲ졣
ͷβٻմű߶ģһϲĶûУҪ˵еĻǿ£ֻˡ
СҪˡ֮üͷѡ
Ȼٻûӣʹһûк㡱Ȼ͵˹
ٻԻȥˣ֮ɨ˶ԷһۣӸղŵɱ˵ɱֲҪɱ㣬ֻҪȥǵ֮ɱֳֵĻʱϵǶкô
ллٻոƺЩٶۣ֮˵
˵תˣ·ҹʱתͷһۣȴʲôҲû˵һ⡣
磬֪ͨǣõɵʵ
֪ͨǸСҸ磬ӦǿԼӵסġ֮˵
ǲҪôصȥɣҹü
õİ취ҲӦİ취֮Ȼ֪ҹżżܼӿĽȡ
һһ취ɱڲҹڵɱʧ֣϶ģбǸпһֱٻԶɱ˵ĳԱǰֻ֣Ҫȥпܾҵ
У̫ɱ˲һ֯кܸߵľԣκοɵˣǶ׷Žȥô׵ĻɱҲôˡ֮̾ͷԡ
˵öԣõҲվ֮ߣܴȥոҲ˵ˣ¶ԼĿһ޲ߣһɱ˵ܲѶԷɱԼҪˣҲǴ˵ǸѾ켶𣿡
ҵĹЩرֻҪҼϢݣҲͨϢҵҹǼֻ֣ҪǵõⷽϢȫпܲ鵽˵ʵݣʵݣ˵켶ҲӦа취Ը
У֮һڷ񶨣Ҳͬ⣬뱨⣬ʧǣֻԼʲôЧҲ𲻵


152 ·Ů
ǵ㣬ҹŶԷ۾Ҫһɱˣǲܵ飬Ҫɱһǳ룬˵ʲôԷô֪һٻˣԳ֣ɱ׼ʥ˰ٻΧɵһȥ
֮ҡͷô˵Ҳͬ⣬壬һа취Ҳְ취Ҳ̫á
Ӧңа취ȥһа취ҹ֮ļ򣬡⣬Ҹ˵ЩҪͬ⣬磡
˵꣬תˡ
Сӣ֮һǣΪʲôһһǣ
Ҿ˵ʵܶԣֱܷԷϢĻ׵İ취õʱȴڵϾɱݣǰɱȫˣҲҲɱͿٴ֯ʲô˺ɽ֮ģܻ֣ʱֻܸˡ
⻰ô˵ģ֮
ˣõƲƲ죬ؼ˵еֻΪӢǬĶӲŻᷴԣԲǵŶԡ
ΪĸԶһгɼŻ᲻ҵȰ裬֮ҡͷ̾ûʲôҹˣӦðȥȰȰҡ
ǰǶгɼڻûˣõҲҡͷҹҲûˣû𣿡
ǽǣ֮Ц屲İ
ŲǣõţͻȻǰһʵһ׵İ취
ʲô취֮ʡ
һ˵ȷ̫ΣգҿԸһȥף߰

ӢǬеԱ󽫣ֻʣɲһֻ֮ž˼˵ִȥˡ
ҶʥˣȻ˭֪ҲûʲôǸ޳ȥִУϴ֮˼ֵķ룬ŵ˸ĵ¿Ǹʥ곤ˡ
ʥͣӰʥ깫֮󣬶ѧˡ
ҲˣӸЦ֮ѧˣ˵ɱɱ֣ëûпһ˵ɱɱ˰
ٿ˼֣ǿЩ˵λȻЩʧɣ˼Ҳץ˺üЩǻˣ֮ǺڰƬ촽һϹ˵ġ
¶Ҳûȥ֮ʥҲûָӢǬʲô㰮ô˵ô˵ɣֻ˷ѿʳ⼸ˣ͵Ǹǰһѵˡ
ʱңԶ׹ͷĶһİĻˣأһñӣȥܽʵ·ʱذñܶѹúܵͣ˶ӡ
עһµĻ֪˲ֵ֣ʱ䣬һ㶼ڳУĳطɷʳʱ
ɭһΪҵĽֻڰʱ򣬻ϿʲôҹĻ֮޵ĵƹҹ˿ʼˣһ֣ͬʱֲȫСӾͻ
İĻ˺ٻҹ֣һˣʱѾҹʮһ࣬ĴҴң΢΢ͷҪȥĳط
ãΪҵļ˾һٿ𣿡
·ֵ£һű¶ĻŮˣŤ֫İʵ
ֻǲؿ˿ʲôҲû
ű¶ŮʲôŵĻ˵һ飬ǵһ˵ȻӲ˵û
ף˵һٿ飬ŮϵĳλʹȨֻһָ޺˵ѡ
һٿ飬ȰѶͷҲû̧𣬼ǰš
߰ʮҲԡŮ˻شĻԵЩġ
ͣ½Ų˿ԷԼĶӣһٿĻҵǿԿǡ
ޡŮһ˽˵ӣ㬵ȥ
Ҫ뿪ȴŮ˵ĽŲ׷סȥ·
Ѿ˵ˣǮĻҵȾҵĶӣӶҪˣĶпմ㡣üͷȻ൱ˡ
ԲͨĹңԷֱʲôͻŮˣҲҪǿƵöࡣ
ˣҪһ׬ǮķŮ˺գ۾ջ˵ǸǮͿ׸Ķˡ
ģ˵⡣
ȻŮ˿Ц
ʲôѯʡ
᲻ᡭ򣿡Ů´㿴ܡ׳һ
ԡԳ˵ʲô
ҿԴȥһطֻҪӮ˶֣Ϳ׬ܶǮŮգ۾ʱ㲻Ǯ׸ӣҲǮ׸ˣһҡ
ǵȻᣬһ²ŷӦأ˵ǺȭɣڻҲֶǿҪĶ
ɲǻģѡɣ򲻴ԼԾԼӮȥҲ䡣Ů˽ţһܵˡ
ôãʵ
Ȼ׹ɵĹңһжɣŮĵ
ãҾ͸ȥû˵ôãҿʱ˳˽
ޱ̫ˣҾ֪ԵģŮ˳˵Ķͷһ£ڻҪ⣬ȥĻҰɣ°ʱҲܴȥġιȥ
һ仰û˵ʱ򣬾ͿѾתˣΪǶԷʲôæŶԷ
һģҪȥӡתͷش
޺õıҾ֪㲻ʧġŮ仰׹˵ָ̧һǡ
ЦЦȻñѹͣҴҵˡ
ߵһİʱ̲סһ£ùŮˣ˵˵ɣô׸ʲô
˵Ȼҹ֮õһϵеƣûֱȥƽ֣ѡƽֺܽɭ
ʱ䣬ŮˣżȻҲԴǸɱС顣Ů˽մһЩǵģǿȥ׳ȥȭȻгȡһЩꡣ
ҹֿȥȫ׹ȴǺܴˣȻմķһˣֻǺϰһ˽Լɣҹɶ٣Ҫմˡ
Щҹģһ˳ɣ˿ɵؽǸȭΪҲвɱ֣˵ǸȭҲһɱ֯
ҹȥĳҪյĳУȥһݿҪ¼ܵ߳ԱߣҪصǸմŮ˵ĵطʱȴߡ
ùҹһ
㵽һϾɵĽУҪٵȼˣõ˵绰֪ǱҲһչûУĵ˶ûκη֡
顭
ҹʱͻȻԶһ졣


153 Ů˺Ǹ
ɱȻýٻҲãҲãͲᡣֻٻһʲôŮĿ֮ǲܿš
ʱ飬ǱȵģǵѡʱԥѡһԼһ֣Բƺ㲻ʲô񣬵ȥۻߴʱŪʲô
֮ǰ²ڵ䶳״̬֣˭Ҳûа취
ҲҹҪɱ˵ĳԣõķǲã̫ɵǵȵˣǿ϶Ҳֻɵӣ㲻ָţλ˼ϸıһôɵ㶵سڴҵǰ̫ʵˡ
Ҫõİ취Ǵɱڲ
֮ʼǼԵģҲ޳ɲһԺϸˣһӴɱ˲ܣҲʵȴһɱȦӣǸմŮˣҲȫͻƿˡ
顭
ҹʱ̾ͷųʶ֮̽顣
ڴ򶷣һ֣ٶʵ
һ棬ֻ¶һԽթС۾ֵ̬е򣬵չŲ֮䣬˿Ĳ
ⲻһ侭̨ʣṦİ֮ǿһôص˷ɵ֮Уţǰˣͻеɱһˡ
ٿһҲһװû棬һۿȥǻ˵ӣòһ㣬ȴǲһļһȣλŮһ
Ŀ϶ʲôöҹܿ˽ۣȻ˿鲼ϵϣҲĵǱ˹ȥûлæʲôġ
ȻĿĵģ׹˱۸ôҲܵûһ
顭
˷ɿУŮӴ˶Է߹ǣǸҲͬʱļ򣬿ӣһ˵̧ˡ
һжԹ֮󣬶֪ûҪսپһˢͬʱͳһѾµǹ
ۡ
ǹ춼ͬӵĹ켣ûӰһ;Խӣ˵Ķһͬ
žžડ
ǹأȻǶִ֡
һӿȥǴƽˣԵģŮһ߶ҪԿ
Ǹ߹˵òᣬֻܶܶǸŮ˾ͲˣȫˣֱˣϵǹҲˣȻֻܵķݶ
ʱܵõǸѾЦţӵϰԼǹָŮˡ
Сģ
бͻȻðôһɤӣŮ˺Ǹһ㶡
ŮΪǺģǸҲΪǺŮģҪʲôˡ
ôһҪһСʯͷವػǸ֣ǹˣƶˣŮ˵ûҪ
˸£Ǹŭغһ
ʲô취ǴˣҲܰǹˡ
ѽ˼˼Ҳģ𣿡ҹŵشһܳȥǸܳϿҵ˵ҵ˼ǡɧ𣬰ķǳɧɧһ֣
һ¸¡ʱҹ֪Լûаһˣ׹۸Ĺˣ¶ҪܵĻһӶȥ
ҹֻڰһ¾ˣһ˵Ŀʱ⡣
ҪǲĻǸʮа˾žˣʲô˽ӦĻָʲôأԾͰ˰ﵽףվưɡ
ɱ˻й˼ɣ׹ɱһ׷ɱŮ˵ô˵һܾ顣
ʪˣǸһС۾ҹȥӲ˼Ļʵ
ףôĻҹȣһٵʵ
һ㡭ǸͷȻ°ŶŮһڣǸŮˣǻĵĵˣһɱ֣רŲɱĵˣ㣬ɱΪǵͬ𣡡
ɱ֣ҹתǸŮˡ
ԭΪԷֻǹ̾ʲôģû뵽Ȼɱ֣˰ҾͶǵģ
ҴûɱˣŮƺҲڼɵҹ̬ȣӦˣһǴˣӦòΪǺ˰ɣ
Ȼ˶ΪոһСʯӣȡҹվԼһߡûҹ˼֮ǰܶҡ
ԷһְʵǾˣתܣǼֱǸ˵ӡ
Ҳһ㣬ǲߣҲһİӶѣҹİˮ׼ܸҪзϵ˶ȥ
ԭǴˣҹüһ壬ȥݺݵӡ
ҾǺˣǸҹһ֪Ķڴĵ⣬󲿷˶ģҲûɱĹˣ
ɱŮĵ˵
˵ǻĵĺˣֻһɱ֣ԳǻˡǸϵ˵
˵Ҳǣɱ˵ˣûʲô𣡡ҹüͷ
ǡǸ˵һͻȻ뵽仰ʵ˶ˣǴô
Ǵع˵ûɱˣ𣿡Ůɱֿҹɱ˺㻪ģһɱֽܶ˶֪ҲǹߵĻӦ֪û˵ѡ
㻹عҹתǸüˡ
ҡع˵Ķ滰ҿԷģմġǸе˵
һعķ𣿡Ůɱҹ
ţȷǸ⣬ҹòԥţȻŴʶԷ˵عɶؼʦ𣿡

˶Ĭˣڹˣ
£ոǿƵʯͷӵ𣿡ǸԴɻʵ
ŮɱҲҹȻҲ֪𰸡
ǡҹʹҡͷ
˸£Ǹŭˣô˷ôʱ䣬ȻﳶƤ
ΪʲôǸŮɱȴ⡣
ΪйϵǶʦŪһȥģ˵ǺҲܸһû¶óû뵽ʯͷȥˣͰǸ򡭡ǣͰһҹš
ǸеڸոԼʧ̬˴ģǰģչвµʦһ֪ܼܲһ棿
ǿɲסҹҡͷ
£ֻˣǸקʫ䣬һƬģһԼλǰ
˵ҲǣҹܸжʦҺˣû뵽һһ֪֪ˣһܸ˵ġ
Ǹɤ￩ûзһˣǽвǽвܣɻûлء
㲻ǹߣŮɱͻȻʵ
ǰľʦһӣͽôһϸͽܡҹ
ʦǸ仹ڲڣǸҲ׷ʡ
ûˣֻһΣҹܳʵ˵
੡ǸЦһͻȻ֮ڿҹĲӽȥ


154 ųȥ
ſ£ŮɱּͬʱҹһҲһԾ˫ż㣬Ǹȥ
ҹͨſڵϣǡɶ˴Ǹȡ
ϵˣǸЦһȾȻһ˼ĽǶȣһŮɱֳȥ
һ±仯̫죬ԭǳҹȥģȴŮɱֻôӦǰ˿ԷķһЧҲԷᡣ
ֶֻܶʲôֻʣһͷɱҲõ
顭
һȻûг鵽ŮɱϣǸͻȻǰһڣ͵سȥ
ʲôǸ򾪲֣֮䣬ַһ¶ͷȴһѪ
ͷѸһתԭǰһשͷ
Ļ쵰ҹֵָǸ򣬡ô˵ʹһضһٿʼһʼ
ǸһȫûԤϵһשͷֱӰŵˣվվʼƨ
Ůɱʱȴû˿ͣ٣һţڶԷĺϣǱ߶ϣǸֻͶˡ
ǸҹǱһô˴ˣ˵ãûйϵ
лл㣬æҾͻĻ쵰ϡŮɱֶҹãŸл
ס¶ûйϵˡҹҴҵؾҪ뿪
ӦǸְɣȻҲ֪ΪʲôװɵǺܸлңģҲй¶κ飬ҶáŮɱҹ֡
㲻лңɱֻʲôܹǻˣܲۿøĻ۸ǻ˲ҹһ£ҲԷһ񣬡Ҳʲôֻ֣ǾɻȽϴʲôҲᣬǲһ
ŮɱֵȻţ˵ģ͸ոҵǸһשͲ˭ҳġ
ǸٶȣǸ׼ȷȣҵʱҹѾſȥˣôֺȥһשͷûע⵽֮˿϶ǲ򵥵ġ
ʲôҪҰæ𣿡ŮɱʣңǷһֻҪģһᾡ㡣
ǲˣɱ֣ɱҾǺõˣҹæҡֻ֣ǽûмҺˡ
ŮɱֿҹҴԶķȥͻȻٴοڣʲôѣԵƽֵĻ¥ҹӰκҶ
˵꣬Ҳתȥ׼Ҫ뿪ˡ
ιܲܰһݹҹͻȻԷʵ
ţӰŶԷ
͵ģûа취ҹܰҵĻҾ͵㻹ˣôҹŶԷ
ӰҲԸⲻԸ⵱ɱ֣
ҪֻҵֹǾ˰ɣ͵˭ҲǷ˭ģȥ˯һ֮󣬾ҳʲôӣҲɱ˵ϵһ𡣡ҹڰ֣ٴתˡ
㵽ƽֻ¥ңӰƺǴһЩһ㰲һĹ
ҹתʱ򣬹ӰѾˡ΢΢Цһ£εȫϹ򰡣
˵һУøлǸ
Ϊ˸лҹӻͳһҩƿǸ˼ҩˮ
ð˼ư֮ǸҲˣǻһ̲ˮܿ·ˡ
֮͵ģӼУɱ˷Ż𣬱رҩ
Ǹӽɱˣһôһɫķʽʵοһ¡
ҹҲܹ˼һȫʬرԷԵԷǸعˡ
飬ѾȷعйأɱɱЩعҲҲûвμһսʥ˵ЩعҲǵˣǴġ
ʰ֮ҹ˸ط̫ڷܣؼǲ䰡
ס©ûסƷ˭ˣҹҲƤͷӲǸоеġ
ڶһ磬ҹȥƽ֣ҵǸ¥ʱѾĵˡ
ƽϣǺܶ඼ǻ˵ӣҹо˺ܶ࣬ٿ¥µˣҲǻˣҲоӷ˺ܶࡣ
ãҹӰ𣿡ҹ¥һŮԱʵ
˵ҹǸ𣿡Ů
ҡҹһ֪ӰǰԼϢЩ˵ˡ
ѾС֪⻪¥ɱһݵ㣬еǴ﷢ģǰӪҵľ¥ɱӴ鱨硣
ɱôһɱּţôñһ鲻ߣҲֻ̫֪ԼȥʱͨɱǾھ¥ķ㵽˻ԼͨƵꡣ
ӵĶСҲ̫¥Ĺ죬жصĶ¥﹤ǷͨˣûɱְݵģɱҲܶ¶棬ƽʲôطۼš
ЩȻֻо¥ڲɱֲ֪ӰСɱ֣һϵͳ֪ô࣬ѾǼˣҸ磬߶һ˽⣬Ҳֻ֪һ¥Ǿݵѡ
Ž˵ˣɣŮҹߣһ߶ڲͣش׹ˣӣܾöûϴӡ
ţһʱ˰ɣҹģػشϴˣ߰ǰոϴġ
ŮһЦϴúڰ
ûǮˡҹ͡
㲻ѵˮܶҲɣŮȣ漴־òԣǲˣ
ûǮˣҾǻеҹ͡
ŮЦøˣ˼ҪôĻŽϰ
ΪûǮ˲űģö˳Եö࣬ûôԵĶֻٶһ£ǶҪҹ̯̯֡
ţ˵ҲԣŽɲܸһҪúøŶȻҶģŮЦһҽг࣬Ҷҽӣʲô
ҽҶҹͷҹεָйϵ
Ϊʲôйͷأ㳤ֲϴɾĻ˵еС˧ء࿴ǸϲЦѾͷߴߴ˵
ʵһֱãǲϴһеС˧ҹš
̫ʱûϴƤˡط
ӣ˴ȥɻɡһһŵķﴫ
Ŷ֪˳ɸ磬ҹͷ˵ԼȥɣɸȻ˵׵˺ܲġ
ҹ˵ͷȻԼšӦŽȥ
һȥü̺һΧŸµʵʵҪٰܵľͷƵġ
˵ɣ˭ģһǸոտǸɸ硣
ǲŪˣǹӰ˵йҲġҹ˿⼸ˣƽػش
ȻǾˣ˵ûбҶţɸЦѾҹһ֪ǹӰģ㲻ҪΪܹˣǶɵһ
ûй㲻ңߺˡҹҲǿתͷҪߡ
ߣţ㻹Ҫųȥɸҹϳ˼


155 ͯ
ʲô˼ҹſȴ˻̲סüʣǻɱˣ
ǺǣΪҪʲôӣҲúû˻涼иƺҲġɸԴ˵
ôģΪʲôҪɱңôˣҹʵҪӰ˵ҲŸովͺңǼ˼
˵ٶҲûã¶ӰҲҵϵùɣɸһ̣һȦһ·˭Ե׵˵ˣ˵ǹӰˣ㶼·һ
ҪûңҸô˵ôҷݹ뵱ˣôҹյ
ˣⱲӣûˣɸֳһ̣ƣקߴߵҹǰ˶ԷҲգ⸱У㻹뵱ˣ
ҹϵŭʧˣ΢΢תͷųɸ磺Ⱳӣޱҵڶ޵ľǱ˴ҵ
ӴػСɸһСˣǲҪɱң
Ҳϲɱˣҹųɸ磬˭ҵҾͳ
˵ĵڣѾ΢΢һ֡
ɸҲӣô˵ʱ׼ˣ־׼ץ
໡
ûץţɸѾҽһĺһȣԼҪλ
㡭ɸžʹＷһ
˵õĴأôã
˭ҵҾСܣҹŸղǾ仰һ˵
ɸȻԭǲã˵ɴ鴭㵹ǰ˳ӦȴСܣСܶˣûдأ
ž
ո뵽һ۵𡣵ãҲˣ
ſڶǼɵˣɸ˭ǿ⼸˵ͷǳɸһôͱ˸ˣ
˶۾䣬оԼ˻þ
ǡˡ
ɸ϶Ѽŵ˶ˣٶʱֻҹͯ˵ڳɸϡ
ٿɸ磬Ǽһиͣͯ˰Ƕͯˣ̫ôˣôӵĹ򣬳ɸȦ
ɸ磬㣡һ˺žͳȥ
һӺϹźɫָɽˤһ߶ȥҹǱ߶žžžɸ绹Ű
һȥˣ˺ɫָɽͷҲҹһ۵˿޵ҽУҲٵطˡ
һϣ
һУһѷȥҹͳɸ޲ѹڵϡ
ǰҹҲŪˣǳҲѾҳһ࣬Ҷ㱧һ첲ұһȵذҹűסٶ
СӾһ޵һ㱧첲ȴĸ첲ܶһ𶯡
ôһ򵽳ɸϵСˣϾһѣһѡƵġ
ɸոջоöˣһɰֽ𣿻ǴɰֽôȥƤøĥһˡ
ÿҲ֪ĳ϶ǲҲ̶ãȻҲ̶õģӦþԼˡ
ù˵ԼôôùôϷ˭УǵȥϷ塢ͷ࣬һһ䶼ᣬɼܲס󰡣ֱԪ
ټһóȫåʲô¾۾Сܣͷָͷҧˡ
ÿ˶к£ڳɸ˵Ǹչˣո˵ÿһ˸˫ݶеĻһġ
Уôȥа
˵ǣɸҲһͻȻǿһ뵽ԸҹľС
Ž㣬ٲˣɸ޵ñȵ˶ʹĻаƽ
治ҪҪٲĻûƤˣ
㺰򰡣û˻涼иƺҲġ
ãոճɸĻôһ
ڣҹ˵仰֮󣬵ͣˡ
㲻һˣôŮ˺ҵģĶȥˣҹʵ
ɸһԼСﻹ죬ϻҪԲһַɿָš
Ҳ֪Լָʲôط㰮ȥĶȥĶɣٲߣö೤ʱܼ˰
ҹȻվ˦˦첲˦˦ȣѸ˦˶˦һ߶ȥЩΪŻƼˣ˵ֱ͸Ӭһ
ţ˳Ź߹ȥſڶһţ߻ߺţӰҳٲҲˣ
ҿһ澭Ӫľ¥ǾƺԿַӣǾ¥ԱסģҲûзһ߿һԻɫ
Ȼҹʶ֮ʵѾ̽ˣҲ֪ЩڶûʲôˣԲŻ֣Ȼֳǿǲճġ

Ӱʱһʥڲ࣬Ҳǻ¥ĵ£˵ʩȻûʥǱ߶࣬һͨˣ¥棬һ磬Ҳ㹻˾ȵˡ
˵췢ѾˣûüϢȥһݣն΢΢°ݵʵ
ţȷûУʵʼֻһ²⣬ҲȫȷǲôһﶼҪҵӰͷӦ
Ȼûб¶ͺãԺЩͽȥɣݺҪԺֻ¥ϻ飬ĶҪˣϾҪ㣬Ͳòݡ˷Ըţ˱ӰȨҪһЩ
õģδعú֣ǲʲôͼɣӰЩɻ
ùǣҲãݹҲã׹ڣЩعûһǻѺõģһ˶ǣֻҪлᣬ϶ɵǼɪһ
Ŷˣ֮ǰ˵ǸˣѾֽȷľҲʦ˭Ӱ˻㱨ţ֮׹Ϊױһ̴ˣһŭ֮£ɱṆ̀Լӵ׹
ˣʵ
Ը⣬֪ҵݡӰüͷ
ԸĻͳǵݣκεҡͷ
ӰȻЩ²ȥ֣ϾԷǸովһٿһ°ɣȻɱˣ˵һݰĹѾӦ쵽ңǲˣϻҲãϻʵҲһЩԺҲܴ󡣡
ţ˵İɡ˵˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
Ž㣬ˣ˵ңͻȻ˴ܹҴ˵
ʲôǺֵǺ᣿ӰվȻҵ¥ңʵ̫ˡ


156 ɶ
ǣǣǸ˽˵ƭҹɱ߷ųءǴҹŵӣıЩЦá
ûֹ𣿡ӰҲЦˣˣǷ˵ҪҿһˣһҪ֣ôͱҪɱˣ
ȥɣڲǳɸ֣ѾֲˡӵɫЩŹ֡
Ǹ˰ɣӰ֪һ첻ܣ;Լеûš
ǴˣһֱûҲЩ
ɣҸ˵ٴˣÿ˶ҪôġӰһˣŹģҲ˵Ҫ˼ң˰һٴô¡
Ž㣬ǳɸһֱû˵ʱԼЦĸо
Ӱһ£ȻЦˣôˣҲʲôǵϾʾɱˣҿܳȥԴعԼɱ֣һµ˼ûУҲ뵽һ㣬أĶ׷ƴɣ
Ӱ˵ţ̾ʹһߣ֪СӣǼˣġ
˭֪һЦŽ㣬Ҳ˵ôɸ絽ڻڵϲأ˭𡣡
ΪʲôӰĲˡ
˵ûˡ࿩ЦţúװǲҩҲһζʱܺðɡ
ˣӰųЦôģҲЩζϾҲԼˣĶȥ
˵ɸ绹ʡ
ȥɣһȷɻҪʡİӰЦһ£ƽ˵ǻأڿԼǵһ׶ģֱǷɵĿǰ
ʵҹͲ죬ӵһҹĴкӰ⼸ˡ
¥ҲûбڣЩ˶ûȥҹ鷳ҲǶ˵ˣǹŽģûг׼֮ǰ˭ҲҶ֡
ҲֻзǼСӣ͸ôԹӰˣԼԳëˡ
ҲǿˣСӱңȻ˵ɲǿߣҲܿ˲һ㣬ʶӰ˭øӡ
ţӰӣܰѷɶ޵ķݶϣҲø
ò˵СӴǰñü͵Цڿɺˣһܰڿ޵ˣҲǺ¶
Ժܶ˶Ǳſֵ˼ģҪȻƽֵĻ¥ӣǿҪİ
ҲҹߵйϵŶԼ˿ǴˣŪŶһ¶Ҫܳȥѻ¥ĴŸˣǿɾ棬˵ʶӰʶӰۣҲð֪Ϊʲô졣
ס֡סšӰ˵ĹҹѾһš
֮СתͷװոտӰӣˣ˸˧ƣһʳָָŹӰ˵Ұ㡭
ҹҪһ£û뵽Ӱ󼱣ʹɫ
Ӱòɱ˳ԱݿɲϻʵȨһϻͷϴڡ
ɱݣǲڹ컯֮˵ģҪȥĿǵص鷳
ڹӰʱҹ˸ڣҰ㡭ɶʱ˵õҪҵġ
Ž㱻ɶˣԲۣ˰ģСôôб£ŽŮǿܸŪˣհ
һڵϻ֣ǰ۵ɵøϸѹŽɶСӣɶرĵض
Ž㣬ȻûôÿɰȥҲǸ͸ζŮ˵ˣ۷ĸ֣Ǹ˹֣һ˹ָƵˣҲֵĤһ£οƵûǹŽ㡣
Žʮͷ˵һֱûҹˣỹǵһɶɣС׬˰
˵˵ʲôŽһžҲԾߴŶƮ𣬡һط˵
ŽҪɶ
һأڶˡǸСͣŽҲͣǺûоˣһͽ۷۷壬ǲУ
Ž㣬ɸǶô찡š
Ѿͷ治¶ֶܶŰۣ˼СҪ¶أʲô죿СӾȱѵһҲǶá
ǳ滰ﻰǡ
ȥǽģûˣ
Ž˭ƽû˸Ұ룬ǡȻѾڴˣǲҶȥɡ
ŹŽ㹦ٺãǻҲû˼עɣ
мˣﶼ˼
ɣǻ鷳ԼҲԵͷ˰ɣŽûһ仰Լҹĺ¶ʵˣߣȥЩˣͿǰɣһ¶ϻˣȥɣ
ʵŽҲ֪Щ˶ǿӣŲҹƽϵģҲֻôһ˵ֻЩ˶ϻͷʡǸɱô࿴ţ̧ͷ
ɴҲ֪Ӱû˵ˣƽôקſķɣ˸ˣ̫ˣ겻ǧѷ꣬϶һøſ
Ӱһȥʱ򣬷ˣһͷڴϣͷϻͷ
ӰһҲûްǳ˴ˣ˵ģڣ˾УŤͷԸһ³࣬һͷ
ٰŸˣȥ˽ҽûĨҩȻûпǹӰźͲţҲܴŹڵˡ
ôŷϢɣСӵøûа취أҲǹ˰
ΧҪֵҲɢˣɲ¶棬ǻʲôͷ
ӰҲûⷿҹ¶ûнأ𷽳ǶҪҪһЩˣպ֪Ҫͱ鷳
óҲȥɻֻʣ¹Ӱҹˡ
ӰźһϣҲɣôͰѷɸˣ֪ϲŪŹ֣ӦòĶ㶯֡
˵˰ɣҹɲˣһݣһһԵףһһ˭ģ˵ʲôҪɱңûа취ųǸݣҪǿ˵ҽܹӣһ
ǰɣɱ˲ܵ׹ģӰֱӱ⡣
ɱ־ɱ֣ñȾ컹죬ҹ˼ĿţֲᱨͲɣŶˣǸзСӣҵԲŴ
ˣȲӰһСҲǷҪ֪ǰλΪ׵ɱ˵ǲ㷭𣬡ȸ˵˵ԣҿ϶Աů͸ԼһǾԲܸκɱ֣һҪסûɱ֣ǻ¥ϰ


157 
Ŷû⣬ҹؿڱ֤ɻԣҿɲɱˣ
ӰЦԺɱʲôҲ˵ˣˣСƣɱȥģȻҪ۸ˡ
ˣ뷽ɻأ̸е࣡
İɣһ۸Ȼϰ￪ˣҾͰңǼֵҪ۸ˣæɼܵ¶ҲܸɣҹţոǸɣ϶۸ֵ֮ˣ´ҿ϶
˵ϻûУӰ̽ʵ
˵ҹüͷ˵ϲʣϻǲǾרоϲʵģ
ۣϵѾ۷ˡ
治֪װ֪Ǵǻ¥ˣ¥ҲϻĲҵѾϻһˣӰŶԷܾҹװɵʱ˵Ļȫǲ˼ðƫƫɵòУе͸ֻҪ㻹һ죬ҪϻֵŽһȭͷӲˣܲ۸
ףҹͷ
ǾͺãԺܻӴһЩϻܣЩҪؿƿģй¶˱ˣϻֵܳ˿ܻˣʱңҲӰѰв
ϢòҪ֪˺ʵ첻ʵҹæ˻ȥ
ҲҪסҪһ㣬ɱɱ飬ϻҲ֪ϻκˣҲ𡣡Ӱٴζ
Ŷԭ㶼͵ŸɵİҲԣ¶Ÿɣ϶Ҫ鷳ˣҹ䣬ű֤ϣ¶Ҹ㶵ţ֤˵
ӰЦãúŶԷһһ˵ĻӦǽŵԼֻ֤˵Բһˡ
Ҳ㣬ôǱ֤ˣӰܵظоҹĻǿŵġԺͻڻ¥ҪʲôӣȫƤ¡
ΪɱֵȻôһˣӰҲԼԭҹֻҪǷֶԷǱɱ˵ԵףǱİɹϻ᲻ģҹ֡
Ǳʶϣҹһ֮аģһܴڴܷ츳ͨˡ
һ֤ùӰ⣬˸ҹܵЩˣͷģָͷҧģе۵ġ
åĹߣûһܻģȲ˵ǴӮ䣬֮ǶǸˡôҹåĻʺܴһο飡
˸ոհ¶̸ףţŽӦһűƿˣһͷ
Ƕ˭ôô죿ҹȵ
Ӱ۾Ų뷨Ƿɣ鶼һᣬдҲøЦ֮飬˭ˣԺԼҵֵܡ
ЦˣҹţҸոռĶô֣
ɸҪ˵ʲô仰۾ҪѪˣһŽЦЦı飬Ĵŵ档
أأȥҲˣ
ˣ˰ѻ˵ˣԺﲻ׼ϻÿһֵܣսܰѺ󱳽ԷĺֵܣԲڧӰǿ
Ž㣬Ҿ⣬⣬ϻ᲻Ҫܻ
˵Ķ⣿Ӱ֪ԷҲûиԷʲô
һʱ
ҹݣҲ˹εģ֮ôһ©ٳݣҹðȥԵף
Ա˵ɱ˲飬ǻ飬ʥ˵飬ǸȱСå
Ҳ֪һ㣬ֻҹԷȴģ󻹽ϻᣬͬһݰӣԺ˿ˣЦ
Ǹɸ簡¶ҵĲԣҹܿصǸ¶׶ҲĲǣҪҵҲûô𣬵ȻҪǣҪĻٴһ
ٴһڵ÷ùˣǱ˰ɣûбõƤҲһֵζ
˷ɣ㿴Ǹˣ˵ҲԣҲдĵطȻһ֣ҲǲʶӰܽ
׼ȷ˵ǲʶɣɱߵţǶǶٵľȻ
һʼҹһҷŵڵ֮Ȼһȭûлȥǽĸ֣˵߲߰
ɣʶǰɣӰѾŻˣ¶ҲˣʵǱûţҹ뵱ֵܿԣҴȭ¶۾ôҹˣ
Ӱһ¶еλҲǸƢҪ涼Ҳʹ
ҹǾȹҲϻˣΪҪǱҹ˵϶ӿɿΪҹѷɸˡ
ҹнϻᣬһԼȥɱɱֻھ¥ɸӹҲҪһʱĿ飬ſãǸ˶ܽϻڲȦӣϻҲˡ
ҹҪͬ⣬˵ͨоٸҹŸĵطһڷԾ͵ˣʱҹȻˡ
ɣԼֵܣʹȭ𣿴ɣҹȻǰһվ˵˰ҶˣСܣطôС
ԲۣСܻãһ᷽ǸִˣôҵʱôͲ
Լ۲˵Ҳøһ
ղʱۿɻֵأҹ񿴶˶Է뷨̾ͽţԳҿɲ͵º֣𣿿۲һˣֵܣֵɶսܰѺ󱳽ԷģҾڰȷֿ˼𣿡
˵öԡӰǽضʱȫĻ⵱ȻǶԣû뵽ոͬԷʱ򣬺侹ȻôåҲŮåƵģǸȻ˵̶ˣͳ֮Ժû¶ˡ
ãֵ֮ܣ˭˵˭ӣһҧ˵
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ţضؼض򣬶򵽶һȭһԼռˡ
ŷѾԲȭͷȥ
顭顭
ȭμҹϡ
ôˬɣҹʵ
СɫеŹֵ˵
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¥ǸǾ¥ıϻĵ̶ЩСҲûиϢ
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СҲһֱׯ԰ǱûҪ飬ȻҲ˽⵽Щ顣
Сȥ¥ҲֱӴһεͨ˵½ṹһǽӰǸ˵ȵĵطǸһصĵط¥ȫģǣͲ֪Щɱ֣һ֣ϻݱ
ϻˣȻ֪Լɱɱżϵɱ˵Ǣڻ¥ĵɵģ֪Ӱϻ·Ԫ˧ȻҲɱ˵ɱ֡
¥ˣЩǣҲƺϻòͬķʽΪһϴ룬Ҳ񷽳Ϊ̶İᶯ֣˭Ҳ֪Լɱֵڻ
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ΪҹҲ֪ûָӣҪٶĻǲԼҶ
ˣҹְٷְٵʤʣҲ𾪵ֱͷ
ÿÿʱܶ˶ᾪҹΪûô˵еĽһȻҲͦ׳ʵϿҹеݸߵء
˵ϵţǴĶأ⣬Ѿ˴ʱȥֵ̽Ļ⡣
Ӹ־ͱˣټҹԵæʲô˵Ժ׾ڵȦЩ뺰硱ĺ֣Ҳеسƺһӡ
ʵ֣ҹϲӸִºţҲʡֲУ˱˵Ļɡ
ҹܰĵشڻ¥оʥĿҪ˸
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ÿڣҹȥһˣȻһ¥˶ΪȣСӲǰѹŽƵôܳȥҸ㣬ŽҲⱾµλ˴ڵģ
ȥĿģȻΪ˸õϵǺźʼնûг֡Ǹ֮ǰƵƵǵıεͺһǵһ棬һתͷֱһ̷ˡ
ûܵɱֵĹҲûȥҹٻɱطİӵǲ٣ÿһԶ뻪ģҸҲûκιϵ
鶼ѾһˣɱһͲڵˡ
һ££һֱ˰꣬ȴȻƽ˷ָعš
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ϧӰԶҲףҹĻÿϲƣӲҹ۾
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ɱֵطûǺܿһ£̾ѣʱߣҲ֪ܲߵóȥ
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ϱû˼ĻȢءҹعҲԷЦ䡣
ҿɲң̫ˣҿܲˣҲڹԭﲻǿŵͣ˵Ҳܱ뺷ʺϹŽģ۷սǲܸӸɱ
ֺ˵˵ԽԽƶˣɲҪĳЩ˵Ӱ졣Ӱֵ٩Ҳϰˡ
ǰϻû˸ô٩ãҲͦãľһһ
ȻƽЦǵ¶ϣһûнȴǰܷˡ
Ž˵öԣҹһӵĶͷСҼҵģû¶ҪѧЩ߰Ķѧѧø߶˴ϵΡ
Ž˵ľǲҪӰ죡ӹһЦ
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ɣѹŽ㶼ˡŤͷͶҹۡ
ôңǲҲ˵𣿡ҹ޹
ص㣬û˭ܵɭŮ˵ģӺȷƵģŽԴˣҪСһȹŽһ£ϻʮһ㰴ϵʱǾˣ
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ӱ˵죬СѾͷǲ˵ҹƤмĶ֣
⻪¥ӣҲʵ̫ģƶͳǲʽˡ
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ᣬҲ֪͸˵һָ֯һרŸɵľǷ˿ڣҴ󲿷ֶǻŮˡ
ڻᱻʲôطʲôˣȻǲʵģ䵽Ⱥ˵ĪСΣգ̫Σˡ
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ҹż֪Ҳ⣬кܴ꣬󲿷־˼ӻ¥µɱϣԣɭ֮⣬һϤ
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ʱӰټ¥ֿᣬȻЩɲЩõġ
ҹҲȥһΣʹģҲĵ˽ȥ


159 ⲻүǶ
ӰȻûע⵽һģЩοˡ
Ҫ˵ҹȻǹߣţСӵֲϻʮ֮£ټ͹Ӷ࣬ҪӲ϶ȲʮҪˣ۶ʮһҹ̵ġ
ȷ˵ӵֻܻһĻӰţһվųģ϶ҹ
ɾôһ֣ܱȵ˫۶ʦֽȵˣﵱ˰ãӰ붼ÿûšСڿˣԼܹԼǣĶϵĵ
ֺ鷳һαҪˣȻԽԽⱣӰ˿һûƽʱͣľֹ˵УһоһŮˣ귢չúܿ죬ֲ֮£һǶˣܻܿĶ죬ʱܶ鷳ϻᱻ˶ҲһģҪôǵҪúüƻһ¡
Ž㣬һŪٶˣٷ֮ʮǻĵĽã˾ͲϻС
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ȻзҲмǻѣ˼ܼ飬ϻᶼְ
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ȱ𼱣Ӱѻ˵꣬Ӱȴţҹƽ֣¶ʱ򣬴ң˵϶ֻΪ˵ңӲẦҡ
ҵȻᣬҹܵȻ˵ҪȴܣҴ򲻹ǣҪȳˣǰһҵĸ
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ǡ֮Ƹոһ£ͻȻʶԷԼ֣˰֮ƣĸ֣ҽУǲ
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ߣ϶ȥϻˣֻ಻٣ΣǾ仰ѵҪֵǵƴ֮ƶְ׳ʮֲм
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ʮ£Ӱɱ֣֮ⷽƸӹϡ
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̸ֽ֮ƸһܸߵۣһֶݣǾǡȱ۶
Լȱ۶ѱҲȱ۶Դϲ̨档
ùŽҸװĸ֣ӣӦòɣҹŽ㿴ȥ
˲֪ݣ֪
ⶫѧһЩ뻯˭ֻװǲȥġӰԼµҹ⣬Ҳ̫㡣
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ĲүǶɺүǶԼš
ϴαҹең÷¶̧ͷ¶ͣˣЦôһᣬ֤һ£ɲǸҷϣ


160 ϶թ
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ԴӹӰֱӾͿʼжˡ
Ǳ߶ܿӵ֪ͨ˵ϻҪ̸СûаϻһûСᣬʵȻеǻûеǼɵĳ̶ء
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ϻִϢ˵ΪǷŮУǻŮӣϻһΣҪ̸ľ顣
һӴǿۺ죬Ҫҵķ뻹ôţŮô꣬û˸˵ʲôһССϻðã㻪ĵôˣڵĻɫĵֻǶһЩԺǻҪ˵ŪȫǻĵҲ˵׼°
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Ҫ̸вȥˣѯš
֪˼ȥҲȱ۶ǣ
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ǵᾫӢۣһ·Χļƻս׼úʰϻǰﲻ֪ߵغĻˡ
Ψһõ᲻ǣӶСϻᣬԼ̸еص㣬ȻǸһƫƧĹ㳡ڹ㳡ı߶ϽһҵӰԺģطҪǻƴ𶯿ǲС
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ôԼúõĻˣҲǷַӵ飬𲻹ǣԷҲûа취Լ鷳
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ȻûıǾ͵ſɣҲԷҪ˶࣬ŻԼһ£һ㣬ΪֱӳԼ׽ˣϻӮˡ
Щ޴ĻˣԼʵ벻ͨЩʲôֻҪĦ˹ͱϵۣЩĳһµζ
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ֵֻǣЩ˴ӿʼľ£ͣ٣ƶţûԼƶԽԽԶˡ
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ŶĦ˹ҲʿЦһ£᳤֪Ϊʲô鲻ģ
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ӰĦ˹һ£ûи׶Էʲôҩ
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Ħ˹һоԷٶѵΪ˸Լ˵ô仰
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ԣ϶ԣһĽȡˣǿ϶ıģ˵ͻȻӵӰԺֻߴӵӰԺķɨ䣬ֻߡ
Ħ˹תһǧֿܣֻ۾ǽЩڽӰԺǣϣʱܻͷһۣ֤ԼжǶԵġ
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һֱһˣǸĦ˹˼ϻḱ᳤ӰڴݵתĦ˹ķЦЦ
ҪʼĦ˹š
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Ҳ֪ʲôطըˣĦ˹ںĶǣȻȻթ㿴ⲻը
Ը˶Ǳһը˰ťһ׷װѺڲһɣǹʹӸĳ
ֵǣըըһһƬʲôûˡ
أ˭ǹǣ˭ӵըҲûﱻըٵġ
ãˣˣĦ˹һӰһۿϻĹӰվڵӰԺĴſڣһЦ⣬ڿǳ
ţ㳡ƽˣȵðûҪͻأɤŶ㳡Χ˸ˮйͨ
йأĦ˹ţӦڲƻʱһʱ˵ָٶȣϻòʱΧȴϻᶼԼΧˡ
طĳٶǶ죬Ħ˹Ǻǿרҵģţʱδ֪ȷ˵ϻĻͣһʱԲ̫ҲҪȳˣܵȾΧһжˡ
Ҳ̫˵ƽͲˣɸոյıըӶûأһӾð˼ʮδЩ̫ˡ
ãֹ̧ͷǶһֱںأӰ
ʱĳԱҲɵٶسϵĺָժϧٶȻˡ
ǵĳӣһֱΪû˵ĳҲš죬Ȩ졭Ƿ룬ˮƽޣ󣩡
֮ǷԼǳױ˸ˣƶôϸսƻϻǰһǣͲǻƴģҪǡ
㳡֪ͦƫƧģеȳ̶ʺϻƴСӰԺҲ֪еǶϻͱ
һпɾû뵽ˣ˲˰ôҪ뵽ˣҲ
Ħ˹Լһһץû취ǲ뷴ǶԷʵ̫ǿ󣬲Щ죬дװĶҲ½ǹʺˡ
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⻹ָЩǹ汻ץģĦ˹ԼǹûУҲûκγľٶ͸ܲǵˡ
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һߣ᲻̫ΣˣʵһȽϺˣ¶Ǹҹһʱ
ҾҲǣҪɣҹܴ󷽵ؾͰͳȥˡ
ǰԭƻɡһҹҪôʹ죬æȥˡ
ЦյˣֱСӸˣ˵Сӣôͳһɳɮһӵأ
ҹٺЦǺõĻһͿʼˡ
ɣһ˾ȳβϵˣҪͳɡ
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󹦷򣬾ͿҹѾ˳Ҳ֪СôģǺ׺һ󴮵βͣҪôΪߣҪôƫ󣬲ʱЩ⡣
Է㣬ǹһɱˡ
ҹҲǸ̫ܵˣԷ׷׷Ͼͻȥˡ̫ܵˣųǹӶɣ
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ò˵ҹٶȶѾյ۷ˮƽȻ㿴·Ĳӣʱ˿ԲˤӣдӵϷӵľʧ룬õС˽
ʮˣ׷ҹˣ̾ʹӳҡڵŵܲȥ
һȥɵˣˣ׷ҹߵĻ࡭


162 ̫̰
ôôùأֹţųȥƴǳȥƴʱȺѾ˵ˡ
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һӲԼڵӿǻװģѵô
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ֲܲ˵˵ĻԷ࿴ۣܿ©
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Ǻǣ϶Ħ˹ɣŮЦЦԵ˻֣Щ˶ɢ˿ȥոյȷ˸ˣѾǴˣպãһ˽ˣҽɡ
˵ŮѾ޷˷һۣȻǰˡ
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ֻǲ֪Ħ˹ǷţǰԼλ棬һЩŮϵ
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ϻװڣ˵ҪǽŮ˱ĳֹϵǸ¿ӶѲԷϳԼƷ
ôɺѷɴ˷ָڶԷŻΪʲô㿴ôţ̫û𣿡
Ҳ֪ԼǸɤ˵ʲô֤ԼֻɤӲǸøһȥҰŮ˸ˣоԾ
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˭һԼװվӶϲԼˣԷȴһӾͲ³ϻǳڼ
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Ҫ˾ߣɺʱЦó̫̰ˡ


163 ǿĻ᳤
񷽳Ϊˣɱ֯£϶ӡ
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һûأǳʲôģɱ㿴Ħ˹ˣֹȥǵĴɡҹתͷͿ˷ɣֶɺ˵ȰϵĶʱըȥȻǳȥ
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ɱǴعҹˡ


164 ĲµŮ
о仰˵˵ĵ˾ѣɱһֱҹĵˣǰҲҪԸɱ˵Ůˣûһͬĸо
ֻɱҲع֮ҹסɻɱˣҪʲô
ֻ֪Ǵ׹YEǵعҲ˾޴ʧҶǰɺҹȻɱ˵ˣµòĻӦҪɱ˵ʥعǵĿһģ𣿡
ҸĿɲһҹûȰգȰϵըȻֻܰһˡ
㲻ֱӰըɺƺҹ
ҪǸͲһˣҹ˸Ƿ˵ȥұ֤ըҲҸ˹ϵҲһ㡣
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ʵذѷϵӽ⿪ְ涨ʱըҹ
˭عҲһȻʧȥܣҹɱǾ֤Żлȥϣ
СҲƵءһۿǰɺתͷֿһǱҹʱӦʲô
ӣ쵰Ȼһǣ
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ˣٴ˳Ӣ۾͵ˡҹƽظ˵ŮǴعѾҴˣǳȥһҪô۸¶
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ĺûаȫУÿҵһԵƵĶܸоҹûˡ
ⲻӦðعŲ´ݲСޱȼᶨһĥ壬ôеܲأ
һжԹǸɣ̫ˣﲻס
ҲûŮعǻ⣬˶ص
֮ǰҹǧҪеĶʱըȻ֮ǰһһ𶨺ʱãŵſڡ

ŷŭĦ˹һ·ŷص·ʻȥͻȻһɲûĦ˹ıӸոȫ׶ǴˣŶǰȫ
ĸҪҴ̼ǻŭĦ˹űӴӳһҪһ
ڿԺú̸̸ˡӰӶĳ
㣿Ħ˹һŮˣɫͱˡ
ھʣ³ļˣҴΪ˰ȫǹûдûǹʵ̫ȫˡ
ȹӰ˵ڶ仰Ħ˹Ѿɿ굽˳Ҳشϣ÷Ը˾ƴͷǶȣֱһĶ
ϧӵһۼ죬Ħ˹ĸ̥Ѿȥ
ӰִԱ¶ͷ̸̸𣿡
̸ʲôĦ˹ŭ
ǰܵЩŮ˶ˣұ֤Ժ󶼲ͬ顣Ӱº͵΢Цš
ǲܣĦ˹һڻؾһͷϻÿ춼ֻ߲˶𣿡
Ǿһɣڵ˶ˣұ֤Ժ󶼲ٰܻˡӰſһЩ
Ħ˹ɫ粻ǵͷãҿԴӦҪڿôŮˣ
ˣ߰ɡӰָ̧֣Ħ˹ǹҲջȥ
Ħ˹һ˾˵ߣ
˾Ϊѵתͷ̥ˡ
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ȺҵĻһڵһʱ
Ħ˹ôʱ˿ûмԼոձȺˡ
ֻǱӴ˲ĵŮˣǲܣֻҪȥٻĵҵ񣬻ҪӴҪǸΪǵķŮ˸ۣ
ԣлĻǸйӰŮˣҲһȥ
˶أڴһƵؿ˵ܲ
˭֪ոյſڣûиǮأ¡һ죬ڲըˣĵطֻ̫𸽽ȴһС
һκܿŰΧΪʲôֲɱԱء
ڽ˼֮󣬷沢ûʲô֮󣬾ѸˡռҳɹѲһ׷ۡ
жûһ֣ȥ˵ʱ򣬶ֻ߶죬죬죬һֱƨɺ졣
Ħ˹Ʒʱϵıʮ־ȣ־㹻ܵʮһӰ۰澪ȵı걾
׹ľ岢ˣġҡѳֶ滹˱ը˴ûעǹеЩ㹻Ħ˹ܺܳһʱļʱˡ
Ħ˹ûֻҪ֪һƷεٸŮ˼ӵһֵǮôֵǮĶŵôȻ֪
ô˳ôļǮΪ˰͵ĻֱҲ̫˰ɣ
ڼ֪һʵǸǿĶᣬǶһ׷ۣΧ඼ڵ鵽һ
ΪˣܲسĦ˹ڵʱѵһ飬ľ˵ˣһ㷷˿ΰȱµҵ
Ħ˹֪˸ˣ֪һֱڿӽӵӰǸ绰ʱ򣬾ȥûбĳ
һУү𣬲ǽ赶ɱˣǽ°ĸ˰
˵ûбץˣˣΨһȽϵĵɺǸñӵŮˣҲ֪Ķȥˣ˷Ĳ¡


165 ˵
᳤ķɺ˵һĳЩܿҰŮԣɫǽһ仰˵ǾһƥҰõĻ׹ؼλۡ
кܶϲҰԣĦ˹ҲһλΪƾԼܹƥѱˣ֣Ĳֻһ
ңǲһңƺÿһζʱ䣬Ҫʱû᳤˸㲻˭
Ħ˹֪ǣһʱ䣬ʵƥѾ˸ˣҲŪˣһع͸׹İеɱ˵Ϣû뵽˾ȻɺúȾȻ˺ܶԵҪǰڹ˲ֲĵӣ׵ظλ᳤˻˸»
Ϊ˷ԭɺĸԣλعҲǺظĦ˹ñӣĦ˹֪ԷȻΪԼһһģһţô࣬һж档
ΪعǧĿ굱ȻֻɱˣɱҪĿ֮һ
ɱ˵ȷǷǳСģ׹ûĹɱ֯٣ЩɱҪûһСϱȵùɱ˵ġ
Ǵİ˵һֱһһ
ǧǰŵõһϢ¥ĹӰɱйأҲֻ¥ˣҲû˿ɱйصӣɱ˵ɱۼرƥٿػһͷûС
⼸꣬ҲûȦץɱ˵ɱ֣ÿץˣҪôʲôҲû˵ˣҪô˵Ķÿζһұǲ֤֮󣬻õϢżãҲᷢϢϾͱûˡ
ɱ˲ģ᲻ϵظı䣬ñЩ׷˻Ҫ졣
ǣɱˣ֪ĶҲõġͨɱֲ֪ɱסĶɱֶͨɱνҲһϲͨͬʱץˣõģһЩʲôöûеݶѡ
Ҳҹٳٶûнչԭֻ¥µȷɱֻϻĻ᳤ǸĺˣԲɱ
һ¥ĵ¿ռûгֹؼĹߣ˵ߺˡ
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ҹõһ£ɱ˽ӵɱľҲȡ֮һشŶġ
ôһ˵ɱ˳ȥʥǼ֮⣬󷴶ˣȻϲ̨棬ǱǮʲôɵıϾҪǿˡ
ҹִǧ֪ǰʥ֮󣬼عҲ̱ɱʧأһ⡣
Ȼͬعʥһ龫ӢɽȴֲϧиΪеĴֱۣɱعʲôǾи˽񫣿
ܣ˵Žɱ˵ɱ֣ǾԲܣҹûʲôϢ֮󣬲ûӵɳ
ɱʲôǿǹɱּţŽȻΪߣҲЩйϵ
ҹⷽɣڻ¥ˣӰһܲŮˣǰ᳤˵ǰϰ˵ԴҶǸܸܵģû˵Ҫ˵Ѫɱ֣ǵȷûʲôš
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һ룬ɸŭˣǲóˣָǧıӣ˰һ䣬ȫҶһ룡
ǧû᷽ɣݺݵҹһֶۣԷֻص˻æͷתԱ߶ȥˡ
ǵɲҹҪӮˣԷ϶ᶯ֣ھҹֻ֡ҪҹһͿʼ
Ҫ˿ƥڷ֯ñһƾŵ̱϶úܶ˰ͷҧͷǰ̱Ĵ˰
ˣ㻹û˵ЩŮ˶ҹʵ
ǰ棬ǧųָԶһϾɵĲֿ⣬棬Ҳǵطֲ٣ҪȥĻЩѡ
еѡҹͷ˵仰ʱϾȻŷЦݣ۾Ҳġ
Цǧȥʱȫһ񺮡ҹëĻһʲôԼϡ
İﲻǣ˶ңֻĦ˹Ǽһ⣬ҲûȤԡ
ǧ߾ȫԼκίֳ֤ʵΪ
һΣȷˡҹ֮ЦѾоĪСϢ
ʮ˿أ඼ͨˣҲмǻƼΪģǸ֣ǰĹߵĻ˵׹߶ʲôǾͲ֪ˡ
ΪЩСЩˣΪÿﶼǹǹӶֱӾɱˡ
ؼ֮ǰĹߣԺǹֻжķݶǵ˵ؼ֮õǹҲֻܹԹԵ׳һֱ۵ӵ
ȻڹûбʱʱǸؼһѳֵıǽҲ˵
ǹɱģֻе֮ĵؼڣɲһ˵˵ģԸ֮УعǸ˲ŵĽϣֻһֻ֣лʥȫǹߺߣǻҲָָ
ǧ֪ҹʲôݣҹʲôˣҪһʮǹǶûܵġ
ҪܵĻҹ֮ǰڵܲʱ򣬾Ͳˣô໨Уֱɱȥûܵסģʱµˣࡣ
һˣﲻǵܲҹʱҲ뱩¶Լʵ
ڲһˣҹҪʱ䣬ĪС϶˺ۣһͶһֵΣգѾͷ壬Ȼദʱ䲻ҲԷÿˣɲ￴ܿࡣ
ɣ㿴Ůˣȥܾܲˡҹ˵ȥ
߰ɱһЩ˼Ҵ򲻹Ůˡ
򲻹ڵԷһƾͰȵȥˣҪյϢɿ¾ҪʧŮˡ
ھһͨŮˣҪⶼ򲻹˵ҪҪˣҹ
ͨŮˣɶʱţˣȻǸåع԰ɣҶһӦòְɣ
Լȥҹûˡ
˽ӽ֮ǰʶ⸽ɨһ飬ûʲôص豸
һɨУҹҲûȥЩֻǼ˼صǣѾ˲ֿĸϣһţѾڵ˽ӽŷȴ
ָͷ˼£ŷȱקȻǸϣһúõŷȣʮƬװڿڴԼҲǿ˽ȥ˲ֿ档


166 岻Ҳ
ֱӴɱȥȻҲԣҸӺҹˣھȵĪС֮ǰǳκε
ֿܴҲ˺ܶϾɵĶþͳҹĺõط
ʶ֮˵һһȫ֮УĸͻȻ֮䳯ĸһۣӲļء
£ЩҪɾϼˡ
ҹûͣٶãѸپͽӽ˹˵ĵطǱװһӣŴƬƬŮĶʮ꣬Сֻʮ꣬ʮոճͷСŮС
˿ĪСпһؿŵ棬Ҳ֪ʲô
ҹҪֱӹȥȰĪС˵ò˵Ҳ˽ģǱܰɡ
ûôܵļ̫ˣôȥܱ˷֡
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һˣҹſڵʱæúܣŴֱۣضǰĵԣԵĻһŮҲս
ҹҡͷǶ̫ҵˣôǰ˶͵߹ˣҲһܿõ
̫ˣϰڼҿƬ
ָܵĴ̼һЩͲס΢΢ͦӣ벻̼Ķ
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ҹҡͷǴ˼ˣôعص쵰
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ܺãǡǡ෴ҪһȫŮˣת߳˼ҡ
һ֮Ҳû뵽Ⱳӵһ
˲䱻ϣȻ˱Żص˼
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Щ˵ûãֻҪû˼أȫ԰Щɱ֮С
ǶЩصˣҲԶûа취ҹһָơ
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ԭһЩ˷ӾԲߣ߾ҹ̫죬õǰ˵ôûа취ǹ죬װͷһϰﵲأڶ߳ͬʱѾˡ
Щ˷ǣǾˣҲÿ߹˭ɣοҹΪ˲ྣѽŲˡ
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صŮǶһۣǸȱӡ
˵һˣŪأﻹŮߣ
ҹһͲɴǰקסһʹ黨һ˶ָקֱˣȻرֱɣˣǵĲС

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ۿɱϣŮǣֻܴ˶ķ϶ҹıӰԼ뵽һʻ
ҹƤĸӺģ˿ûӰ죬ಾûӰˡ
Ҳᳵ·ĪС׾ʹ˸澯֮ͣ󣬳ʧЩ˵
صԭͣĵص㣬ַǲڣʶһ£ֻŲһξ룬ͣһεĵط
ĪСѸٳϹȥǳ»ζҹһ÷ɿŮˣÿҲô˭
ǿع֣ԷѾûΪôȥַӾŪˣҪ֪ЩŮóģֵʱŪ㡣
ûٿֶ̫ͯ˵ĻɲĪСֳ˿ʯͷһ߾ҵ˳ϡ
һ죬ѳ˶һ
ǧۿҪָ֣̽ͷһּæ˻ȥ
ɣˣû඼ųôΣ֤ҪӰˡ
ǧԹˣɸŽ绰˿
ҹ÷һǧȴڡ


167 ޳ܵװ
ǧֶշɣҲεסɣҪҹˣһٸӣˣ
˵öСѲҪ˭С˵Ǿ찡һԣַӻһɺ̸ˡ
æԹӳҹҲߵ˳ǰ
ǡΪ˻ΣĪСʡ
ģҹɵӶţʹŷڲ˼ˣǵط̫࣬ҽȥŽ绰ɣˣȿˡ
ȥĶһĿǧȥ
ҹҪˣлŮ˼ò˵Ů˵ȷǹζҲǾþɳĺӣҪȻļ¾ͽǹ
Ůߣҹ˵߰ĪСŵ˺ϣԼ˼ʻλȻǧȥ
Ӹ磬㲻˵Ů˿Թ𣿡ɼæ˵
ҹһĲתͷǧĽָժɡ
ǧɫһӱòҰףѸٰѽָָ΢΢Щŵصݹȥ
ʲôҹԸ
ǡҩǧ£ڻǿڣ֪ҹܿʥˣЩҲסԣ
ֿԳŶãҹ˷һʡ
ӡǧЩľػش
һָžવˣͷҲЩ
ոջΪԼռ˱ˣû뵽ŹſڷһȦ
ϳ⻰ҹǧ˵ġ
Էûκγɣ̾˸ʻϡ
ӾȥɿųӰֻֻ΢΢ҲವģûڿһͲͨһµڵˡ
ӰӰ´Ů˵ʱһҪŮеζקȦȦзգ
˺üڴӰ绰

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ҹ˹ش˸Ƿתͷȥ˿˵ʲô
װ˴壬֪㣬ĪСӺסҹĲӣ޳ܱ̬ӣ˾װҲװ
С椶˵˽ĻѧİɣҹװʲôҲ֪ųʻȥ
Ҿ϶ˣǴ壬ȥĶҾȥĶĪСӺҹĲӣҪǸҰҶˣҾ͸˰Ұߣ׹»Ҿȥȥ
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Ҳ˵ܺҪһĪСһСĴͳȥ
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⻰û˵꣬ûˣҹͷһСѾͷȻ˯ˡ
Ѿͷ񾭴񾭴󣬵Ǳ˰˱Ͼʲô¶űŵҲûôϢϻ˴ӣľҲһƤûбҪȻҹǰ˶ɱ⣬Ҳûа취ֲˡ
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֮ٶŮ˱ͷųΪ˱Žǲû¶棬ǿٵϵ˻ĴʹݣϾЩͻػģɲϻġ
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ϻ˶ܸˣһܰѵˣȻǽǺˬֱͲѴ֮ͺȥ˳Ӱ͸Ƶġ
˶ܸˣǹӰȴüͷڲֿвٵЩ˶һرɱˣһð
ڵЩɱǵ˭ûпѾеأ̶ֳȵˣǸеĸ֡
ɱ𣿺ɱ˳֣һ̶ֳȡǵҪעؼʣǵǡС
ڲֿǶ԰ǺܾͨҲܿóǶһġһˣڵȫûз£ðȫɱ
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˭ʲôʱµ֣Žûеһʱ䵽ֳ󿴵ЩʱԲ
˵ϻᶯֵͬʱ֣ǻҪһЩܴ뿪κ˷ָ֣ˡ
ţֺһƬӰһʣ֪ӡ񡱻һŮ
ӰһĶͷͻȻ˰ǰȹһʯͷҲǰòٰİҲǰԵҲױȾ׼
ôͰӸأҲǶԷôʱ䣬ѾϰˣֻῪЦĩȥɭֹ䡭ҰùݣһͨɫǸȺŶˡ
һӿӾԲһֻˣ˭ãͰ䰴ϴ򣬼ĸģ˦ʯͷܰعָ򴩣
ʱҹ˵ʲôģԼȻˣи¿Ӵӣ
һ뵽Ӱ̾ͽ˽һˣǸŮˡ


168 Ӣۺ˰
ҹص¥ĪСں˯ֻðҵط˯
¥棬ΪεʤˣһԵõӸˣﻹŸСѾͷСѾͷǸŮӿˡ
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ġҹû˸շ䣬ĪС
Ҳ֪Ѿͷ⼸û˯Ⱦˣ˯ϰˣ§Ĳɡ
磬Ů˴Ķģټ𣿡ʮĽˡ
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¶Ҫһ˵Ļǻ˴Ц
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ҹʹͷһζʵ˵˵ᣬҪһ󲿷֣÷ɽȥһ£û뵽˲٣ʣµĸ࣬ؼǣҲû뵽ʣµ棬һǵ᳤ɺ
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ҹŲĪСֻڴϣԼҲʡЩ
ɸ类ǸŮ˸ˣ¶ҿɲ֪һҾɵܻȥˣʱ֪ɸǸŮˣҵʱ룬ˣҪ㣬ҹΪţôҶŰ۾ɴЩȻ˸ίӣҲûް뻹¶ҪȰѵδ̽һ£ףûǸŮ˵·Ҳûϳôĵͼ椶ûҪҵĴˣһУǵȥɸǱ߶һȥǲôţ
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ޣôģôͲµô׼
ʲôһҸһٻ᳤ݣҾ˸ˣҸŵãʮǹҿһûޣֻˣҹһĴȣǰûڵӣҲܰѳɸһ˶ֻĴҵطȲû뵽һͷײǸɺˣǲôţ
ɱţ˸ʱըǸղǸ˲廰
ɸոմƨɺóͷȥˡţԲۣҪҪô׼
ˣҸ˵һȥ֪ԾˣɺǸŮ˽еǽһҰȻɸ翴ҽȥˣһƳŮ˺ϣŮίİͲ޳ˡҹŵ˵
ʲôίİѾͷɵɵʵ
˵Ҳҹ˵߶߶Ҫǳ춼ԲͻȻһӸӺò˺⣬ųԼھ˸ˣҲޣ

һȺåЦˣԼҲµ˵ʲô˼ͨͨһڡ
Ǿ벻ʲôҹֿʼˡ
ʲôҶʡ
Σ»ط֡ҹû˵ͱˣһȺѾͷǾקŽ
ҹֲֻýŽȥʵ¶ǴҲ֪ˣǸɺʵ֪ɲǵˣһ˵ץǣϾ͸ǴڻǰѶʱڵſڣǴصˣ¶˻ȥǸֿˣɶǿóɸӰ
˵ļٵİҶеš
ؼƽƤķɣȻһ仰ûдţⲻȻɣӵȷǱܴһ
ǵȻˣҸ˵ӿʱڣҪζĻҾͲأ
ҹ䷢ģֲأ
־óʮĽˡ
ǺǡֻЦһ˵䣬ֻΪѣǺǺǡ
֮ʣֶˡ
Ӹ磬ŽȥһˣŶǸŮһȥһСӺ漷ͷЦű档
ˣҶɢ˰ɣȥŽ㱨ҹĵǣԼѾôӦӰˡ
ڲֿʱǹ˲ˣµ϶еģӰҲ϶ܿóⶼǾͲ䵱ɱ˵ɱˡ
ĪСʲô˼ѵԼʵݶ֪ˣܣ֪Ļ㲻ҹݣֻһʥԱ϶ҲֱӸɱ˻㱨ɹɱΧˡ
Ҫ֪һʥԱע⵽뵽൱вġ
ҹţ淽ѾС˵Ӹ磬㡭ո˵Ƕζǲǰҿе̫ˣ
Դҹǧ¾Ȼ֮СҲϸˡ
㲻뵱Ӣ𣿸ǳȫ㰡˵˵Ҳţʵҹ˵
ɺգʵ𷽱ϵͼƭˡ
ǸǸңҿɲ˼ĹͶ˰ò˼ˡ
ǰǧټҹԼҹˣЩ̤ʵϾ汾»ġ
ʵҲ֪ҹôǧģ˵˯ģû취ȥ֤ˣɱ򱻰ըǸûܶʵװǸè˵ԼӢۡ
ɸ簡üסҹļĳ˵Ǹ㣬ǽ棬ԱǽŶԡ
Ҳ԰һĴȣȻʣһתĥζԣǲ𣿡
ҹһüͷô۶ҶѾЩӢ¼ŪˣֻҪ˳˵ͳˣôԵôͲ֪ϧأǵðԼŪɸ˰Ÿİ
棬Ҫ˵˰ҲǴӱǴοʼģ˭˵ȥ
ĥҹ˵Ҳǣ¶Ҷʵ˵ĻȷһıĺûᣬԥҹӸ磬˵⡭У


169 һ
ֻҪסˣ϶Уҹ
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¶ٷȥӰҲţ㲻һʹԼҹݶǳˣһ˵ĪС¶Ͳȥˡ
ΪʲôҪЩӰƺҲϵҹ̹һû˿ȣǼʵ
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ȻģһҪԭ򣬡ҹһ䣬Ǹɱ֣Ұæʱֻ֪и˱۸ݣҾ;ø˵ʵǲԵġ
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ˣ˵һңһ֪ô죬ҪܰŪұ㶼ɰҹŵĿ
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㣬ϻ¶ûܹΪʲôͳˣŽ㱻÷ۣǽʣ治Źˣǲ֪ץСѾͷʶ
仰Ҳ֪Ļ⣬ҹҪϡ
׼ЩɶʹԼġԭҪ벻ҵԼȶԼΡ
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ǸŽ㣬ҹе˼شϣʵֻﻪĵĽãǳƯġ
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Ҫ͵ܵˣû뵽˸󽱣һСҲûȥûˣȥʱѾˣԷɱ֣Ϊǵô֪ء
֪֮Ծһĳˣʶһɨ֪⳵ϻа׷ۡ
׷۵ģ϶ҲʲôöȻĲǻˣҲûʲôϧģɱһĺǶˣҹװ׷۵Ӿˣ֮һôصĶ͸ɣҪˡ
ոյϢЩƷ֮󣬶ѵ¶ϴһ飬һ֮ƶ޲ڣ˵Ҫúøһ¡˵ӰҲЦˡ
֮еѧƢ⾭йоصģûдǻۣҲûдʧ󣬵ȴٿôһ˹
ʵǽ赶ɱˣôһ˵ڱ˽赶ٷˡҹҲû뵽
ǸĦ˹ٳҲֻ·ķݶһгװѵظˣŽҲ͵ô벻飬ʼܰ˾ȳѣ˭뵽˳ֲѾ˶ԷأҲ˴鷳ˣǰ˳綼֪ǲϵӰӣ벻ǶֽţҪעǣǿɱỹҪѶԸ
鷳ǵģʵڲУؼʱ򣬹ŽͰѽȥˣ͵ģʲôҹ̹Ȼ
ڳģŽ۾Ҳһ˿
Ӵҹ죬ŷ׶ˡ


170 ƷСŮ
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ã˵ġӰ̲סЦ
ҹеԤУöٹʡ
ĿǰӰԼЦˡ

ҹǸԼ˸۰
ˣʸһӰ˵ԼҲһоҹôһ˰ţͻɺö࣬Ժȥɭ֣ҪԺãҿŮͲҲƯҪϲĻﲻŮѣ
𣬡ҹæҡ֣ҿɲݲĻ䣬ѾͷŸճء
ˣ㻹İӰȤ˾ͺðռţĻ˵ҪݲУҲԼ˴ݲУܸռ˲ǣ
Ž㣬ĲˣĶŮɱֱ֣ǸŮå˵ҹһмΪ飬رŮĪСˡ
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εĻᣬҪһ뵽ɱȻֻǱϻĴֶѡ
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Ȼ֪ӰһݣӰûнӴɱԽ顣ҹҲҪⲢһɱ˵ļƻ
飬ǼعǾɣҲһ߶ɱˣѰǸһ߶ɱ˵⼸عһϴ
ɱüعһʥӢǬ飬ɱˣٸЩعһЩش
ŶȻǸǧ˵ЩҵعҲܵ˲СʧǸûйϵҸģЩ˵Ҳʥͻϲּġ

ĪСһֱҹĻ˯һһҹѾͷˣֻ֣ҹš
˿öˣǺŮȻճøҩһҪԺɵʲôŮĵ¶ǻ˳µİ
ȻСѾͷ֮󣬸ôҶĽÿˮһӡ
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ҶŶС椶ϲرҴ塣
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Ҳ˵ûʱ䣬ĪСͱŪˣȻߵʱĪСһٸԸɿóСӶҹ˵ĻֱǵʥּһҲ֪ôͱѵӵġ
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171 ȭ
ǴҾͿ˹һĻңҵ㣬ɵˣŰ۾ŵС˵濴ȥҲг࣬ͬ־Ƶġ
˵ֻҪӮˣԷۣܰǸ׹ʵ
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ģ㲻ǿȭҾ㿴ʲôǿȭӸ磡ҹһǰҲԷкȭʹ
Ȼܱ͵Ϯҹһ˵ʱѾʱעŶԷءôһͨˣٴô浽˶ֵʱɲȫ
廹ûжȭͷѾ˫ȭͺӰһҹ˹ȥ
õȭͷֻһݣ죡
ǸֵˣóôһۣҲʽģܿ쵽ȥͼȥ׽ʱ򣬾Ѿı㲶׽ٶȣԶҲı仯ҸͲҪ̫ʱ䣬ֻҪӣȭͷˡ
顭
Ҳûȥ˼ʱ򣬴ҶҹûбԷҵǸȭֶֻ΢΢ţš
Ҳû뵽ǰֲܸٶȣ׼ȷذյȭͷÿһ㣬һȭһȭ˿ûʧԭ˻
飬Լ˵һĿ죬ʵһֺԵĿ죬Ϊ仯֮࣬ԼЩ׽͸Ҳͷ۵һ顣
ǰȴˣǺֲܿȻ˲ΪŵˣΪһҪԭۡ
ȭͷ죬أǶòˣ죬ǡ񣬾Աأ
һȭͷȥǿ壬ʵǲ֪ôȥͶˡ
ҡöͷ˿˿亹ſھҪ䡣
ɲģôԵ飬ŴҲˣٴȥǲ⣬ܻܲ⡣
ԼǸи֣֪Щˣʲô³ʣ°ģ°뱲Ҳֻܵˡ
ǸˣȻߵϣ϶ִȥ̾Ҫ䡣ţССϻᣬҸȭ濪սֻҪ䣬ǰĻǺȭһᣬһٰϻ
ʵϣҲһֱڵأҪȻҲн鷢ˡ

ϧҹ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҪʲôʱ˵һ߶ոſ죬ԷȭͷѾҪ⵽ˡ
ôһзİרžǷһ֣ôˣ
û취ֻȵ˵ȻĻ˵һ仰˵֮ܲ˵Ǹˡ
ȭһ棬Լ沿ǰҪȡʱ䣬ֻһҲҪѻ˵ꡣ
䣬һҪ䣡
Ѿ׶û˵ʲôȭԸޣڻҳƿȭô˵ģ
ȭҹȭͷҲס΢΢һ죺ҡ
顭
Լȭͷҹ˹ò˵ȭȭͷĺӲȭȥˣҲ̾
ǿȭҹҲ̾Լôݣô죡
ҡſȭ֣ôô˵ġ
ֻҪ˵Ҫ˵ÿбֳĬޣ˵Ȩ
ֻſһҹεûгȭٵ˦һơ
ž
춼ˣ˵ûкǺˣҲûֳƵ仯Ŀз
һǾ̫뿴һʲôĿȭ𣿡ҹȸոϷʱ˼䡣
죬Ѿľ˵ʱҹѾõģ㣡
ÿˣҪҡͷ뿴Ĳ뿴öôԼˡ


173 鷳
ʱ䣬úȻԼˣ˷ܵſ

룬ʷ֪˶ٸ֡ȭҵˣɤǵ֮ģ
òһģǰһĻˣǸոϼɵҲɵˡ
鷢ʵ̫죬κεķӦ¶·һΣһᡭȾܣ
ܳȣǲ̫ܵģʲôˣǿǿȭ˵ںȭİȦҲвСġ
˱ܾȣñӣԲܾȣǻأܰôûˣǸǳôֽţҲԷɱа
ҹͣµʱͨڵϣ첲Ѿû˹ͷ
˿ϵı飬ǷŭҲʹ񿴵ɱһĿ־塣
ӣȭûһ£ҹ˶ȭ첲ͻۣ˶ٴΡ
˵֫нһ˴˵е첲ȴҹƿأֱҲһĵزԸһĥԼţѾݻٳӡ
õѾˣǿĸ֣屻ݻٳҲŲȥ
Ϊȭ˫۴ϣԼһ£Ѿ൱ˣҹȻǸݡ
ƺѾ˺ݵĽޣڶԷֵûкֻ֣ҪԼܵĿ࣬ʮٱػȥǲǺݣǲ¶˭ŵģ˭Լȥɡ
ߡ
Ҳʱ˵ˣһû˵ݻûвûӣֻǼ򵥵źӣ˵ôһ׶֡ҪټһֵĻһǡ족ӱ޵Ŀ죡
ǰˣѾ˼ά룬Էոǳ嶯ˣһ嶯ˣǲ޸ˡ
һԿȭûˣⱲҲ̧첲һŮϵۣܰѾĶͣһ¸첲
ûϾܿλˣҲòŸ첲ˡֻ¶Էٳ嶯ôһС£ĲҲɷˡ
ȵȣɴӮ˶ǮҹûߣѾڡ
塭ʮ򡭡Ѿվһˣæ˸
Ǯ£˿ߣûеĻ͵ߣҹһۣżҲʱ䡣
һһֽ֧ƱԸ㡭õͷѾ˶ĺ顣
ҹʱ䣬ǸϰȻܴĲҪλǸоһ޷֧ȥʱܸ˵ݰݡ
ʵϣһͨ˵Ļֲܵʮ̵ĥͳŲȥˣ˭ʵǿһҪأﰡ
˵仰ֻߵ˿ȥһĿڴȻͳֽ֧Ʊ̾͵ݸҹ
ҹҲûнӣʾԷ֮ƣϷһңȻǲ࣬Ƕڱֶľϣ϶ҹֵһνӴ׹֧Ʊˣǿٷֵ
֮ƽӹ֧ƱŹӰ˵ͷֻɫÿƺôƺ
ռôıˣ²ôðɣҹתͷʵ
ʣµǮ͵ǸɵҽҩѡǿϵľʹȴҲӲͦ
ô֪ǲȥʧֹ֧ҹʡ
ҡƵҪᡣ
ԼڵӣǴ绰Ҳܰ¼ɣ
ðɺðɣ߰ɣҾһΣҹǺܴȵ˵˼䣬ô̫ˡ
ø͹˲ȥ²ҹĻѾһ̧ķʽӵȻ󼸸ˣûּȵٶȣѸ¥ȥ
ô죿˶߳ȥ֮󣬰֮ɫƵر͵ضҹ
Ǯɣ鷳ҹûʲôڼı֣ǿһѾ͵˵ɣ̾˿¶ңҸȭ׬Ǯ
㿸𣿺ȭͲܶԸ˵ģͷҲ㡭֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôźˡ
Ҿ˳ϻᣬģҲ鷳ôҰҲƨɵġҹƽ˵
Ҫ˵ҶԼˣʲô²˵ģӰæֹ⡣
㡭ָ֮ҹ˼Ǳòᣬһ̾һ仰˵Ҫ˳ϻᣬǲ˲ֵܿ
Ȼأ֮ѧ˵ֻĪϲСλңϴβɫ˵֮󣬿ǰҹøһĶ˳ϻᡣ
˵ε鷳Ҳȷ̫󣬰֮ƵĵҲȫǶġղǼ˻ȥ֮¶һܷ졣
ȭΰ˾Ҫϻʾѹһͷǵ˱ˣͷϻˣǿǺҪֽ
ˣҲû˵Զ˳ҰѺȭˣʱٻҹ˿İ֮ƣŹŽʹһ֣Ҿˣ
һת˾ðһڳȥ
Ҳǵһοҹֹٶȣеĸо
Сӣ˵ʲôҪһȥ˺ȭ֮˼֮󣬲ŷӦ
֪ε¶ýϻᣬӰҲ̾˿Ϊôһ仰˳ˣȭ𣿡
ԣСûôɵ϶úȭţ֮һ£ſʼط飬ȭΰ˾ǳģϢ˵ȭʵǶĵ̣ѾյʲôϢûɵ¶ҲҪұͷǵ鷳ˣԸոӲŻ˵ȭٻ
ô˵ʱ䶼СһûҪ飬Ҫ뿪ƽ֣ҪȥҲҪ䵥ǶֶԸǣº滹ΣաӰԸš
Ž㣬Ӹô죿ԴϴαҹˡӢ֮ۡ󣬴ǰĽҲûˡ
ô죬߾߰ɡӰ˵һ䣬ʵγҹߡ
СӵĹ򡭡֮ƿ˿Ӱǵʲô硣
ǹӰҲһͷˮûȴܰѿȭôûл֮ôĻӸ绹ֻǰô򵥣ҹҲǵ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ˡ
ͨ䣬ҺڼңƤһ˵
߾ڼҵļ¸һҹȻǰѽƤ˼ޣҵ۷塣


174 ȭ
ڼһйģֻͨһЩͨȭţҹܸ࿹ģֱ֮٣һ
ҲҹĿֲΪӦǴûмҹôˣֻһۻߴ˵дڵ飬ҹȴǸʵ
ô˵һŵùӰҲأֹˣһ򵥵ĽɫţẦǣҪȻѾˡ
֮ҲͷȻȻɻҹĹΪʲôԸһãһһʱ䶼ҹĺϻˣͲΪˣԼ¶

ҹ֮һ·źȭȥ֮ᳵ·شڽȥ˵ȭ
˽úȻûг֣ȴ¶ע
Ҳϵѡ֣ĸӮĸ䣬¶עͿԵõӦĶʡ
һȴҪģ˵ֻҪġ
ϳȭҪʲôϲãҹҵһˣʹ֮ټһ䣬һմŮ˽ġ
ŶԭմģҪʲôϣֻҪǼһ֣κε֣Ӯ֮󣬻Ľ𣬡˿ҹһۣȻմˣһ˽⣬඼Ǵӹ͵׹ûκݵˣȻҲԸԼעӮˣ˴ȭĽ֮⣬ԵõעӮǮ
ðɣҵǼһ֣ҹһ£ͽӡ
ܺãףܶӮȭĸ˵ҪʲôʱʼڿмҲһμһ£ԼĵĻʱӮǮģΪµѡ֣ʻܸߡ
ãǾڿʼɡǶԷ飬ҹҲҪھͿʼ
ҹļȣмյĸЦ˼һĵĺӸҹĺ룬ͶעʱҵԼĺͶҾϰϳˡ
ҹͷ˵ûʲôʱǲԵġ
Ȼû󹦷֮Ǹ˾Ѿ֪ͨϳ
ҹŶԷһֱһСУߵǸмĳأΧǿȵĹںͶͽѡֺЩ֮䣬ûκεķǴ򶷼ҵʱȭᱻȺ
ûʲôҪֻǴ򵹶ԷԷ䣬Ϳһֱ򣬴򵽶Է䣬߶ֵҲΪֹ
龰ٴΣվм⻹ǵһΡ
ʱһֻűȻĽ׹ŮɣӴΧȺǰ߹ЩɫˣŶԷķ֮ЩˣŮҲ⣬ʱýĵ񶣶Էһڡ
ȻЩСֻʿɶֹΪŮ˿ʩΪĻͻܵȭӲȭͷ
һĻĸ֣ӣѾӮˣھͿȥעˣǻĵĸǵܸһΪͭȭ֣
ޡ
ֳһƬУ˵ĿⶼҹȭϣǸ˵һ׳˶ļ⣬ᣬƺǷ
ˡˡ
ֳһƬͳһ˵֣ȻѾӮʤˣѾ˲ٵӵߡ
ȻҲ˵ζԱйϵҹȻҲСǸվһȴǵ˺ܶ࣬Щ˶ҪĻˣܾܲס˵һȭ
Ҳҹȭ׵ֻȭͷ˼£ٰȭͷҹҡҡӺơ
ˡ
ֳǷɽХĽ˶׺ҪɵҹŮǻԼ£ֻܸԼ֧ȭִ
ʼ
һ£ҹȥһһ죬ȴ߰ƣҹһˣ̤žͿߵø߸Զһ̤ʯ
ٿҹʱ򣬴Ҷ˾Ȼһ鶼ûУƺѾľˣɵˡ
ɵ
ŮǶؽţ
ˣ˻ȭ
顭
һȭոմҹҲһȭظԷײһ
žͿһ˷һڵϡ
ǸһǸӵˣǺͷе
ֳһӰֻʣǴһȺոս˼ҵŮ˶ʲô˵һ
һȭֻһȭûдҪϣȴˣҪ
˵ĸ첲Ѿʣȴû̾ʹţ䡭
ֳΪøȻƬ֮ЩںͶͽˣ˵ոյֻЩѣѾ׵ȼ˱㡣
ֻһȭıʵ̫û˼ˣôһǿˣ֮󻹻жٸӴ̼еĳڶѾYYˡ
˭ӮҪϳֲǼݣֻҪùˬѪȣǾǵ
̫ˣȻôһĻˣȭȻҲ˳֣Ǵûйôţġ
ǰ׹йһǸ˰ѻĹ׹ȫ˶ʶ˻Ĺ棬Ǹ̫ԶˣѾһ棬һЩ˾Щá
ˣǡǡǰǸӳ˴ҵǰ
ӡӡ
һһ
ܶ˶ǷĺţЩĴŮˣɫֶҹȥԼġȿȡ֮顣
һҹԼ˵ģ󣬵ʮ㣬ڶ˺ţҲûа취ȥ
ҲЦЦҪЧǱÿζܳҵ֮⣬ȭ׬ʲôǮ
̾͸ҹٰһһתͷĹҹֺһѸոеĽ𣬶ѹԼӮ
ءء
ֳѾǽһƬҰнѹԼϵˣǼֱ̫ˣο⻹˵ĵһֱǰԼ·ϱơ
Լľ񣬹ϲˣ
˶ⱲӺʱ̣ĽŮˣˣ޲ܰԼӳȥ
峡ҹֻȭҲ˵ÿһ֣ǱһȭͷŵҲûսˡ
˵ǲǲңѾû
һ͸ղŶӮģһѺӮҹ˵š
˵ɫЩˣǰȥͷһֻа㹻ĸ߶ȣȥʱ򣬲Żˤ㹻ļֵ
û뵽ȥˣĳԭҹˤģȴһӷճ֣Ӳȥ
һûȥҲˣŵڶӲȥЩץˡ


175 
ҹһֳҲ˷ڵҹһ޵еΪûһˣһ峡ԼҪһģǻûмˣҲ³ȥĨһ°ɣ
ҹһģеǮѺԼϣֱ˷񵽲Ѱ
ӡ
ȻҾǾȣŮܿܶԸǿȥһûмҶ̼ģԽ˾ȵľԽãԽսѶȸߣԽǾѪȵģǲŸ˼ֻǷغţϣʱɳһƴһˣŸ˼
Ҫȷһ£ҹĸǰͭȭ֣ҲˣٴĻֻǰģ׼ˣǿԸ㰲ţǷҪϢһ£
ϢˣǰŰɡҹֻǵ˵
ҲԽֵͬʱѾȥ֪ͨϰ塣
ոճһϻ߳ӣǸƽҲûз̫ľСҲ֪ˣӮ϶עʮ׽𣬾Լˣл֡
СѾۻ򣬾ȻҪ峡֮Ǹ֪Ĺ̥
ȭϰ壬Ҳϴܿˣ¶ԷΪԼ˹ᣬҪȦⳡǮء
ǰô˵ˣҲϻĴ֣ȭϰˣǺͿȭһȥ¥ˣһ۾ϳҹ
ԺãȫǱŵġ˵⻰ʱҹ֮һ
úõһȭ͵ҽԺһ飬ǷԹۣǵǶضȭͷܰ˵ĸ첲ɷԹۣ
ҿʱûϳȻĻǻ
Ҳϻˣϻǵ˼ҪӲƴˣٴӼؿҹӡ
ʱȻҹҲžͷǸżͷپȻǸĿһ
ɵʲô̾ͷԸȥ
һ£ǺܿͷӦϰŭˡ
ȭȭкܶ࣬ʵҲмȴֻһǿǵɱһһֱȴûг֣ҲֻٲȨ֣֡
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һʱڳգһ񱻱һ˲Ͱ
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ȻҲЩˣǻֻܿǲµȭ˼֮Щߣ͵͵ȥԼĶעǸϡ
ʱҹȴһûͷԵͷһȭͷȥ
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˿մǿȴӲӲײһ
׵Ķ۾żҹǸɵüˣ˿ŵñȼ
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ʹ۾ȴҲȭĹԱǸȭϰ嶼ɵˣǸͲȥ¼Ϊֳ滹һνһεķš
ͣһһҹȥҹȭͷ֮ͱһһˣõƤûʣ¡
ô£Ǵûгֵ
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ȻҲֵĹ죬ͻȻ֮䣬һһ˲ͱӰӡ
һ˱ˣǾһͷǱͷһ£
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ǽһĻֱˣĻǺХһغ
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ʲôһٶȣûӰӶѡҪǶԸһĹߣһԻãǶҹ˵Ҫʶˣ˵ǻûӰӣǻûҲ֪̾ĸģĸǼٵİ
ȥҹƴˣܲ˵˹ȥһʹ򣬵ʵϣʱҲǱ׷ˡ
˵ɣոΪԼܰСӸѹȥû뵽˼˵򻹲ء
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ǵӰӣҲһצŵûҪҹ͸ûпһ
һ£ҹһȭϣһ£ҹһȭϣֱϵĸҩһ㣬˦˦ԼȴƾնֳһӰӡ
еɣ⣬һģһӰӣǲֻԼܿڱ˵͸ʵ۵װһֻǻ۴ﵽˣܿĶ
еˣ׺һûóѾþƺû̫ã˾ҧ


176 ɱ
Ѿֲ壬˭ǣԭСļһͻȻƤһӣ˳ϻ
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ò˵־Ǹ֣صʱ̣˿ûˮȥӣҪġ
һӵͷϷøҲǸֲеľ򲻹ӣôһŤƨɾߣǴǦԴ֤߲ѣѾ˶Էȭµˡ
ҪӣҪӵʱͻУֻǶԷ㣬ֻܿԼ͹ܵõˣø˶Էһصһ̶ȵĴ֮󣬶ԷƤ£߳ôļȥ
һʱ̣ܿˣһһʱϷŷǸһһԶð
顭
ֻЩȻûк³ҹ㵸ӣѿҲû˸ȥЦΪûһӵùƵˡ
֪ôȥǲУҹһ涼ǿԣһǵؼĸƣƶ˵ƨǡ
ҹûȴʹһȻܿÿһڣһܰƣֱǲİ
䣡ͻȻӲҹһȭͷһ
ꡭ׹ĿȹҲǸոЩΪѶעŵϵˡ
ҪϰոװȦһ˵ȦǰѴҶɵˡ
ȻЩû˾͸Ըˣò׿һܸҹƽֵˡǵոյƽ֣ҲҹռϷ磬ֳʤԶأھ˵䣬ǰѴҶˣأˣ˭ỳȭݵʤ

Ҹոֹǣҹһ仰Ͱֳȼ
ǣֳѾҹ仰˳ɼܶ˶һսǿҵڴ
ˣ֪ôܰҹȭǹ涨˵䣬ҲҪʤһͬС
ûйĵطֻҪԸ⣬ÿһԴһرۣĿΪֹҹ֮ǰûôԴ֣ǲÿһ˶̨
ЩѪĹǣȻҹȭҷ˺ˬǿ˼ҲˣһǸҪô˸
ҲһҪɫȻ׼һ
ٺˣŤͷܣȴһ߶ҹһ߾ܵ˳ӡ
ߵĹҲģѸٰк·ÿȻǿҪԼҵ
ֶѾʮָмˣٵصС鲽ͣŵͨȥֻҪ˵˺̨ϰһỤϾĵƣһûˡ
ʵȭϰ忴һ̣ѾæظϹϧҪһȰ˵˿ɲֻȭô򵥡
ܣܡ
ý·Ѹ٣ԶˣҲĺţ̼ϣֺ֮Ҫһҹһ꣬ΪǺ뿴ҹѶִѪӢӡ
ϧһҪں޲зҪöãܶ༸ȿá
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ҹȭͷǵˣֻŲ·£ҹһȭҲ
ΪʵߣӹҲȴǰӲ࣬һȭȻҲûдʲôֻײϡ
ûѹϻһ˿ϲҪţ߽ȥͰȫˡȻڽѿֻҪܽѾˡ
Ҫ¶һЦʱŵĿռһϤ
Ϊߵ𣿡ҹֻӳһȭ
ȭͷ߶ϣ֮罦ˮ飬ѪƵһ𶼷˳ȥ
ŵĻһǸǳЧ棬Ϊͬ־û˼ȥֻ
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һǹ죬֮һ㡣ѾˣһƥǣֻҪᣬǰһҧˡ
ȻһҪҧģǽҪˡ
ǽţĸоԼģ
ԣӦѾȫŶ԰ǹǿ϶ȭ˿ǹ
һѪ˳ȥ·죬߻ҹŭ
쵰ְΪʲôҪǹɱ𣿡
һʣ˼άˣˣߵǣȻһǹˣ
ģ׼ܶһ
һ˿Թ
ĶǶҲû뵽ֽȻһǹͰ׼ҹǸ׼Ҫɱ˰
һǹ࣬˵ɱ
ʣԼ¿ȥֻҲžֵĿ⿴ǲϰΪʲôͻȻ֮䷢裬Լ˸ɱ
ٿˣûɺϣؼɺ̫ôĿӵˣԼôύǵ˵棬һǹģô˵ġ
һǹղһǮ𣿡ʱҹִ
˲һǹ
һǹҲڶԷϣҲ
ֻҪһǹӵ˴ܸˣǲҲԼһŭҪ֪ڶĵλɸκ˶һ
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ЩΧ۵ҲЩЩͨˣҲЩϴŹģһЩҲЩԱЩ˶رηȭ
һ˲ĺҹǹɱˣһȻʶ˲ɱɱúõػš
ֻҹţܽԼɱȥıɱҹ˵Ļ˵ƴ죬Ҳû˻ʧŰɱġ
ҹһͷϵֻɱڡ˵ǳҹɱģֻаҹᣬ̶ȵطйԼĳޣԸһʬҪӽ޶ˡ
ǻţɲҫģðʰУҪһˡ


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ٲҲǾ˵ģֻһʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˣҹЦЦλѲý⣬ոӮһֻһأһûдӦһִҪܵĻͻᱻǵĹԱǹɱֻҪǹɱģ֮ǰĽôһɶΪʧܣһĽͶעġ
ͺãҹŶԷЦЦҲˣҽ˰ɡ
һͨУȻҹһڿһ񫣬ڳˣһЩ̴ﵽģÿ˶ӮǮҲǽԴϲ飬ԴҶҹҵ
ҵ˰ٵķԸ̰ҹ쵽档
ҹȻ֪ԷȥʲôȴǴֵ˹ȥʲôҲû뵽һ
һ·ŴСߣһֱߵ˿û·ĵطڲͣ
ǴôǮңֻҪֽ𣬱Ū֧ƱʲôģŲ񫡣ҹߵͷǽڣһĶûС
㻹ҪǮ˴ʱҲݺݵЦţˣûһǻųȥġ
ֻһЩ⣬ϰָҪŵģܵͷȴⲻ˵ġ
ôˣҲҴһҹЦЦʡ
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ҹû˿£ԼӦԵİ취ֻ֡ԹԵؾ
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ǺǣҵҪ˵㣬ҹ֣ȴȻ˹һѾ˳ϻᣬӮǮڶǸǹģղſǺܶ˿ûйϵ㲻Ҫߣôµ飬ҿɲ˵ķͷ
Щۣ¶ǱҪȥˡ
ߣСӣҲ̫࣬ԼǱˣҪм˵ĻҵĻȥȻǻȥչչǡ⻰Ȼвҹ
һҹˣԼǲģⲻǲںԼߵ
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ǿɵöллˣпûյģҪȥǡҹҲٵ
ŶʲôطٸоСӵĲöԸ
ǵĻ˵Ӧãҹһ¶Է࣬ȥĻʲ󡣡
Ҳ֪ԼˣˣСҲһ䵽Լϵסѹե
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֣ٿǸԥԷһ
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巭ģⱲӶûô˦ȣԼƶҪǿö࣬һ˲䣬Ҳһܵĳˡ
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ôѾ̶ȣ֪֮Ҳûá
Ѿƻãҹ˵ȥѶϻģҾ
㡭ļƻ֮ЩƣСǰԼ׶ϻˣǲʥ˰ɣȥɲȥģʵ¶Խ࣬˷ݵΣҲԽײף


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֮ĵĵطҹҲǸɱʵݣֻҪҹûгʲô飬˵ҲǺõġ
ȻҲ֪ϻõλһЩ鷳ܾܿͻᱻѡɱڲҹսķʽ̫ر𣬱ɱ˾һΣյ飬ټֱǩʽսʽǱ¶̫࣬Ǹ
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˵Щ϶ŻĵѪծûУ֮ҲŲСͻǿһҲҪưɡ
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ι磬ոջҹİΣôˣ㲻ǻ˵ˣ¶ʵԽ࣬ͻԽΣգõǸ˼ֵġ
ǲ¶ʵڸñ¶ҲѾ¶ˣҲûа취֮ҡҡͷ˿̵ɫҲָ֮ǰƽ˵ʵ̫죬һ˶ûа취ʥ޳ϵһ𣬸ܸǰǸҹϵһˡ
ô죿õʣ˵Ѿعˣ
δǴ෴ҾҪᣬúһ´ˣ֮ת⣬ߣҲʱȥˣһȥ׹

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ĲǺǧɻˣ˵Ȼҹﻹ϶ֻҪϢ϶̾͸Ǻġ
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ոֻһСЦǷǴҶΪؿƿԲϢˣǧæ֤Ҫ˵ȥĻϴ֮󣬾Ϳ˵ˣͲõȵʱ򡣡
˸жҹˡ
Ĳǣǧɻؿҹ
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԰һҪڳӡ˵ӰڵûƢ
ʥεϴѾʧˣٲɵĻȥ˵ǻָʵ»ˡ
ҹ˵ȻҲʧʧǡٴ绰ĵ绰ѡ


180 Ѿߴ
ҪʲôôǧͨˣǧĵһЦҵĻʲôԴӦ㡣
ôҹЦЦ͸֪˶˿ԳƤݸడɳġкöණٶҲԲȥ
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ˣҹҡ֣ոտЦģͿˡ
ģǧƺе⣬žҪ
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⻰ǧ˵ģֱ˻ǧ˵ʱָʥǺҶкôɵҹȴǧҶˡ
£ȥɱˣƺ̫ʣǧѸٵжϣֵĻҾֻİ취ˣҲ֪ʥ겻ֻһˡ
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ǧӸӲˣԼͬĸӦװãʱ֪ԷλãҹôоЩˣо̫񣬻ж
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ҴӦ㣬ܱ֤ʥһǺǧɶ
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ֵ֮ջǺܴģֱӸԻʥع֮ĺǱȻģǸ˿ǵΨһһ֮лˣ˵ɱ˵ĳޣû˱ˡ
ҵǺ֣ΪʲôǼعۼһ𣬻ҪʥҲϣѵɱѾǶֵĳ̶𣿡ҹʣʥһֱǼعΪɱʥһˣǼȻ֪Ϊʲôɱ˵Ϣǰųȥ
ڸ˵Ҳûʲôˣǧԥһ£ʵϣҲŷɱûжã֮ǰȻкû֪ǵʵݣǶڲ̶ͬϱƭġ
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Ǻǣû뵽ɱһҹǧҪһǱϾҲɱ֮ĳҲ̫ܣȷҲɻˣ֪ɱ˵ʲôǺǣһӱ¶ǼƤϣѾҵǵϳˡ
عһ׷飬ֻҲز̫ãɱ˵˾ǴһΣٽһһңǽ¾ȴûЩһµע⣬ֱע⵽һɱ˵Ĵڡ
Ҳֺ֪ǿĽƻʵԶԶһҵعܶԸģǧؿҹǲŻҪʥһΪ˭Ҳұ֤ɱ˶ԸЩ֮󣬻᲻һת֣ìͷ׼ʥ꣬Щû뵽һĽѵ
ҹüë仰Ǻɱģҹһ̵ȴǱܵظоɱ˲Ըʥ꣬Ҳڻľڣڴ¾
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ǰҰѶˣұ֤֮һյϢôҹ
ҹһҺȭӰȻó޷ٶȣѸٵʧҹĻ֮С
Ƭ֮һƧͿһŮߵץԼɴѾǵߴˣ㵽ʲôʱȷǸ᳤ڻǰѶɾ
ΪʲôҪɣҹοŶԷô¶Ҫɡ


181 һ澵
㡭ǧҪ֣һ뵽֮ε̸ˣһκܺƢذѹȥ
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عǸߣ˵ȥɱ᳤Уһȥ߸ȭ˵ͷöһˣô
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¶Էǿǵ壬ǿǰ
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⻰˵úеЩعһҷɵؿҹΪϢˣһвûУ˭֪᲻ͻȻģ
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ҹһֵԼҲˣǸߵǧҲûкõȥû뵽ŸոˣѶͱǸҵˣǧ˿ʼҽ׷ɱĿɶǸ֣ұҪ͵͵Žһ棬Ҹȫĵط㣬ôһĶȫˡ
ûϵϻĵ̲㣬ΪһСᣬϻҲ͵£ˣǵı󣬵׻ɱڳأŽ̾һȻɱ˾ҪɢˣɱҲһܳʱ䶼ûٶҪһˣһˣǿԵġ
˵ɱˣҹԵ΢΢ԥһ£ȥ̫Ըӡ
ӦҲܿóӦҲܴ֮ǰеõһЩϢɱȻҲɱּţǴɱĶǸɱĶˣҺٵĹڳ֣ҲǻˣԼĹûκεĵ⣬ֻǺܶ˶֮²·һһԼĵޣɱ֯ǵϻ᰹١Ӱҹ⣬˽Ρ
ʵҹҲܼҪɱˣԼ˷˺ܶʱ䣬˰꣬ȻһõϢûеõǹӰո˵֪ɱ˾ȻҪɢľˡ
ڻɱ˽⣬ǸһҲûʲô֪˭ˡ
áҹװ˼һ£Ȼͷˡ
ģɱڶҪˣҲʲôɱ˵УŽҲ׽һ㣬Ҷ㵣Ӱʹ˵
ҹ˶Էһۣ˵ʵ˿̵ȷЩìܣҲû뵽Լδɱ˵ļƻȻĸЩϻ˴˸
ӰҲһɱ֣ôˬչԼһûаԼˣȴöԷɱ˵ѪʱҲԹӰϻˣһָС
ɱ˵ǲ£ұɱˣһΣɱҲˣҹһЩеûĶ׿ֻҪ֪ɱ˭Ϳɱ˭ǲǸɱˡ
Ļʽͬ㣬Ϊɱ˵ɷһԱ˵ʱ򣬹Ӱǽڷת߳һݵ
ǡҹʵ֪ʶ֮пˣӦþϻϵĻ᳤
ֻԴԼ֮˴ûڴǰֹƽҲڵš
ϻ᳤Ҳɱ˵ɷ鳤ǰӰҹܵƽʱæɱ˵Ĺϻᶼһڡ
ҸӰһʵݶһڻٳȥִ񣬴һЩܵĻԾЩعҲܲ鵽ݣǰ˿ҹȻϢǲӣȻûнӴ㣬ǹӰ˵ò٣Ҳɱ˵˴ʲô˺ʵҲ㹻ܳΪǵһԱ
ģɱ˵Ҳ֪ϻˣҵֵܣһǴ˺ҹŵ
ŵҲһ飬һ죬ҪǸԾˣҲϣǰЩˣǸԣ治֪Ҫô֡
ɱɢãɢ֮ǰǸҵٻһݣˣʧһΣҲӰһԶֵܰɡ
ɱҲһǰһ£˵ǵɷˣҪСһЩЩ˸ǲһҲദ
ɱ˾ͿҪɢˣҲ֪ȥӦûлٸʲôͻˡӰ˵
δأոϢôƽ֣ЩعһЩѵǰͻȻ̾һ߻仰˵ҲҪǣһΣǸЩعһƣ
һ仰ӰǶݣҹüɱ֮УҲ˶νġˡǰȻȥЩɭͷȴ쳣
Ȼ֪ѵԼֵҹʡ
ûô򵥣ǰҡҡͷݵ壬һĻҡһҹʶ˭Ҳ벻һؼ֣ɱ˶ĴڣȻ뷨һ뾡һа취Ƕ֣ƿأǱ¶ɱȻɱĶǶˣǳҿ˵綼ǣʱһûա
˼ֻģҹؿųǰǰŰн˵ǱƵֻܸƴȻ˺ĸη˵ڿң
ӣģǰˡӰǰ˵һ䡣
ѾعˣǲɱˣҲùˣҲŻ˵ҲиӦһ˹¾սǰһЦˣͳػشҹ㲻Ը⣬ҲûйϵɱڵȷֻǸЩعƴһɱĿԺܴ󡣡
ƴһҪƴû˵һҪƴư֮ʱҲڳ˾ʦȻҲŸո֪ɱ˵飬Ҳɱ˵һӣҪ˵ĻƴǿԣҪƣδһҪ
ʲôð취𣿡Ӱתͷʵ
ѧûгʲô⣬һЩϣҲмǵġ
ǸعƴǴɱ˴Ӵ֮󣬶ڵ˼ܸعƴܾˣͬھɱҲǻԲľţﵽĿģǲϷֵġǰȴҡͷ


185 ֮Ƶ
ˣںʧӣֻԼ֪ʧ˾û˵ĵ֮Ҳ̾˿ǰ⼸عˣ˵һߵתѾûвɱĽɢҲһܺõĽ֡
Ǹ˭һôΪʲôǻǰϢֱӸȥҹ仰ʵÿʮģҲվһݣ⻰߶һûκ˻ỳɣ£ɱˣɱĳԱȤɣʱʲôʱǡ
ǰҹһۣȴǿЦһǣҲ֪˭ʲôӶû˵ˡ
ʲôǶϢһ֪ҹľˡ
˲֪Ҳˣǰɱ˵ĸ߲㰡ͳʵɷļ˵Ӧþ֮µһˣټЩߣȻӶûм
Ľܵ˺ˣ
µĵط˵һؼԱ˭ûпĿЩˣһûټ˵ӦѾȫˣǰҲһ侲ˣȻҲ⵽ı仯ںЩԱؼģҸ֮ĹϵҪԶһЩ
ҪԸȻһð취֮ҲҡͷˣֻƴȫȰЩعԵ˵Ҳʱı⣬Ҳһδ֪
ϣһδ֪ϡ
ǰû˵ȥȻּƻ⡣
һһȽϴ󵨵뷨ֻǲ֪˵ǲǺʡ֮ԥһ£˹Ӱͳǰ
Ŷ˶Ǿһ£֮ƿǳĲй޹ͣھȻ˵һ󵨵뷨⵹Щˡ
˵ǰʾ
Ȼһ˽ɱˣƶҲ֪ƾɱ˵һʵѸعһΪѣЩȻһǣôҲֻһЩˣ֮ƲȥЩ֣ԼѾ˴𰸣ҵ˼ǣʥһ˶عܵĻһʥ꣡
ʥꣿҹҲ뷨ֵĽкã̫и̫ˣһȺɱһʥ꣬ǲ񣬵ǴҲδؾƵĳɹˣǳŽ׳ۣ
ͺһȺ¥С㣬ӦƸһع˾˼˾ģҵ۳࣬ƾ˵еҲͰõóֻ֣˿ջԼóķȥһվŵǰˣǴվűţһʱ֮²ǹع˾ıС㣬Сı乫صķ
ͬɱ˵ֿܱʥ٣ҪһӶʥ꣬᲻ʥһʥ˶δ֪ˡ
ϰף뷨Ҳ̫ӰϹŹֵĳ鶯һ£漴Ц̫һЩɣ
ҹЦӰ϶˵š
ʵҲܵӵ벻аġ֮ǫ
ǿ˻ǼأҹƲƲ죬˵֤ʥɱ˺˼ƾʲôţ˵ˣôǼعˣֲһ̶ˣҸθڴģھ͸㶨ˡ
֮ƱסʦȻıϧû󾢶һӵЩ϶ܽġ
٣㻹ԽѧԽˣ汳Һˡҹû뵽ѧڽô죬Ƥ֮Ѿֱĺˡ
ҵϰ׵뷨ҲпԣǰصͷǸʥҲˮֻ֮ǰļ飬ЩͻŶԱǣ϶ʥᡣ
û֮ǰļжʥĻܻһЩҲôãǱϾɱ֣ǵԶվղĵطӰȻֿҹа취
ֻԡҹû˵УҲû˵С
֮ƺ͹ӰҹĹ࣬ԡҪôԷⲻǻѧ飬Լɣۻһ
Ҳԣ˵ǻѧҲԣֻϧֻһΣԼԲԣٻһˣһһ֡
Ǿ԰ɣǰϵҲһЩؿҹԺˣһվ̫Բãֵһ·
⻰˵úƣȻЩҪҹʥԱĻҲҪŰӸүƴˡ
¶˵Щ㣬һҪɱڲʥԵףԸڲ֮󣬵һȻǸʥ֪Ļ˵ڸʲôԹʥȥԼͳ

ǡ֮ҹʱѾ֪ҪʲôݶԷɱ˺ȥԸĹع뷨Ҳó
ڻĵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ҹˣԲŻἱæϹȻҲܿ죬κҹĶ죬ֻһ죬ͰѶ
ȻʱҹѾһѪˣָܻʧȥѪҲǾ˵ģʶ֮ǿ󣬾ȫ㲻ȥӵҲûһҪģȻĻָپˣǹ
عΪ˰ǽй׾ȻǼλ϶ô񣬲ҲûѡҹҪΪ˰ϻңҲˣ治֪ýʲôˡ
ɱѾͶ·ǲ֪ҵʵݣӦġҹ°͵
ûйϵҪǶԸɱˣǸǺ֮Ŀأ飬ɱã㲻Ҳڴعõ֤ʵκ˶ԳΪѣɱ˲УɸعһȥԸɱˡ
ҹ֪֮ҲԵ鹢ڻⲢ⣬ǴǰĻҹҲ϶ͬ뷨ڣЩıˡ
ǵĶ֣Ӧɱ˵ɱ˵ɱ˻ٵԼɱıˣԶҲҲˣõʱҲڵֻҪɱ˵˻һ죬ԶʧǲӦòλ뿴ġ
ʵ˵ǲִ˹֮ؿ˿ˡ
ҹõһЦǴı˵бҧң
֮Ȼεҡҡͷûô򵥣ɱ˵ɷȷǵص㣬ˣȴ֪Ұʥе鱨ϵͳ̶ȵҲһϢûҵԲɱܵȷҪԼҲҪɱ˻ٵɼǲ٣ɱҲѾ˽ӽʧıԵˣûУĹعΪʲôƫƫʱҪֶԸɱˣѵһԵɶûУ
ҹõһۣûȥ⡣
רƺǸعϰߡɱҲǿ󣬵ȴŵúܣʱȴͻȻ˵ҪϸعһԸɱˣĹҲˣʥ궼ǵ֮Уеˡ


186 ̫鷳
ңõԳ޵ֲȽͷˡ
ǿ϶ģϻǸ֮Ҳˡҹһ
֮Ҳûа취ֻܼ˵ҵ˼ûУɱ˵ҪǣҪԸ˭ǻһء
ҹͷ⵹кܴĿܣĹعľ񼯽ᣬ˵ʥһԸɱˣɵʱͻȻ֮ɱ˶Ըʥأǲһʥѣ
ɱ˵ɷ˵ϷɵɷɱˣʵϴһʼҹǵĿֻЩˣֻʱ򻹲֪ѡ
ǿԸɷð˳һͨ죬һµ֯ɱˣʲô˺ɽˣǽֶһġ
֮˵ģҲǵõϢ˵ȥΧ˱ˣȴ˰ΧıΧˣǻǸϴһޡ
ô죿ŵɷЩ˶ˣõҲüͷ
ȥĳ⣬õҲЩɷû̫УЩɱһЩȷЩġοʱɱ˵ĵɷأֻһߣҲǺ
ôܲȥգֻ֮ҡͷĹع˵ңǵǿԺݺݸһѵ
Ҫȥһһֲܵ飬ҲֻܵЦ˵˵ˡ
˵ģԼʥ꾫ҲȫĻûпܰĹعһ򾡣õͻȻһ顣
ҹ۾һõļ򣺡Ů㹻İ
һɱ˼ҶٶȻǺö˵᲻еְõҲ
ǲǽбҹƲƲ죬ǺݶԴˣҪɨҶҾ͵㣬ȻҪ𣬾ͲܹĹعɱĶȥˣ³ɺһ㣡
֮Ҳһûпǹһߵ˼ά֣¶ԼΪޣȴûȥһ塣
ӢǬҲ㹻ǿ󣬵ȻвԷ˸ྫı֯õȦסǵҲʥ嶼ǽ϶һ
ĹعҲȫӢɱˣҲǸʥܲ࣬ǾĲһ¡
̫󡭡֮ջҡҡͷ
Ҫܸĸһһ³صĴ϶ֵáҹӿڡ
ţȻףǸǿ϶ġõ͡
һƽǳܣ˵ĳʱҲᳳܣǳųţͻᷢʵվһ߶ģ֮ͬѧǺܿ
ʥ꾫񲻿ȫ׹֮ҡͷĳǺǻĻʲôӷ˲ŹᣬľڵһЩᶯﻪľͻһð̵ĲѣһǶܰȼѾʥ飬غģ˵ңκ¶
ǾˡҹҲǲҲټ֡
֮ЦЦȺ˽뻪ľڵĻҪԸǣ׵̫ˡ
ɣһӷôع뾳Ŷоõͷ
δػ뾳ЩһˣǴ඼ʽ֮Ŀ˸ž⣬ǳгݣǴ·ֻҪǸҾǰѵһ壡
ɱ˵ܲ׹Ĺعȥģ᲻̫ˣҹưͣҪǵͬһʱ䶼𣿡
ǺǣǲҪǵˣͬѧȻ˦ƹ
õҲæ֣ǿ϶Ӧÿǵ⡣
Ҹղе㷸˵ʲô𣿡ҹ㶵ʵ

һƫƧľưһһŮ˺еذȶǰϣŮȴͻȻվ̧޳ȿȥ
Ҳûʲôע⣬ҲΪ˳֮⣬ûʲôĶȻȴҲ˼εӡ
ϴε飬ܲСۡŮָ˵š
ǱǸҪֻȥ𣿡ҹЦЦǴ˵ʧŸոѧƤëعӦòʲôʧɣ
ŮȻǧ΢΢鴤һ£˵ǴκһңһʧععҲûв۵ġ
㿴ڵҲ֪ĸۣܲеˡ
ٴʧҲֻˣǧеĻҹؼʱ̾ңԼȴˣʱҵܸжģܻⱲֻҪһ˾͹ѽ
˵鴦ҹĴϵȴȻ˻ǧһȣˤȥ
ҹûϵֽæȥץǧҲҹץȥҹûץţŮһѣǧŮŶһƨɶ׶
˼ڵӺƯ㿼Ҫˤһ𣿡ҹʵ
ǧûӰ׳Լ޺޵λϣʥô˵ҪǺ𣿡
ȻĻֺαذгҹ̯̯֣˵ôûе
ҹһСʱǧ˵ԹؿҹһۣΪԸҵһ𣬲顣
ǺǣҲˣҲãֻǲϲ̫һǼٵġҹһ˿аЦ
һЩأǧ۾Ҫˮ
ҲܸжǺǣҹʼ磬ΪƯΪʲôҪƴڻ뿪أ˱˵ĻǼͬ飬ҲŲǵ
ģǧ±ÿô˵Ҳˣ֮иĽǵĹϵԸһݲһ·Ӧаʱ򡣡
ŶҲȫѵģһȥȽȤҹǧĹؼλ
ϣûдǵĽתͷʱһɫڼͷƤ׵ֽһȻûǧȴ͸ҰԺEŮվ˲Զ
ȻţԸĻʵǺǵġҹЦ˵
ҲԼ𣿡һ˵һͨ˿֮ص㶼˵׹ˣֻ˵Цݺºͣȥܲñ˵Ρ
ȤĻԸλʿһԶҹָָԷվһŵˣ̬϶ֱܷԷYˡ
Щ޲Ǳ˵ص㣬ȻҲǹչֳġ
ǲӦһҽܣǡǸŵ΢΢ҪԼ
ҿǲˣ˵ҲǸţYˣҾͽE׹ˣҾͽףEȻEڡҹǧд̫鷳ˣͽհɡ


187 ɱ
ﲩաֵĺҲźܹ㷺ȺڻǧҲһЩĵϾǴ˵֣΢΢ҹһۣͬСաˡ
أǧʵл
ԣҲԽʥǺǣνҹܴ˵ȴţʲôСաǿ
ʥ
ãҹվԷһ£ȵ磬־Ȼе磿ϵߣǿ󡣡
׵ɫŹֵس鴤һ£ոһ֣Ҳһν߱ռű˵ģĵȻرԷˣû
YҲ˺ƽһ£ǽҲ˲˼˺һվȡ
ҹǺǵЦš
YҲεЦһ£ûдӸոյзӦΪĶոǳɹ˵ģֻҹ￴֣ã
ǳɹ𣿺һ߼ƽػأڰĳܱչ򿪣ȴһǮ滹дϡѡ֣ǴҪء
عڶзʩûа취ԷʲôҲҹȴʲôܶʲôеˣһԶҲ֪õϢǶԷģ˼ҹ֪ģ˵滰ӡ
оǶԷܷܰ㹻ϢѾ˵Էڴ˵֮ϣŸǿʵԲȥԷ£ǻᱻԷɵġ
ʣEŮҲҹȴǺհЦЦôƯŮӵһ°ɡ
EŮҲЦЦſȳƵ˫ۣҹһӵǺһɡ
ץһֻӣΪҹƱһ޷ķĩҲһòӰ
ţҹ̾͵ͷͬ⣬һʹ죬Ȼ˵ϣȵûúˬģEŮӵʲôеĻҵΪȾÿζŵ϶ܹ񫡣
EŮʱҲüҩոӵʱµģôģУҩȻʲô綾˺ˣΪʲôһЧûУ
عܻĳЩҩпԣǾܶҩһӦûС
ʥ꣬ôֲ
ÿһ˵˵ǰ˵ʥʱǻһЩӵĻôһεĽѾǿһЩߡ
ȻⲻʵȫҲ㹻˵ʥǿ󣬲ֻǴ˵ǽֵĻĽǲù
˸λΪ˿ҵı°ɣʵϣҳƤ֮⣬Ҳû̫ص㣬λŮܻȽϲͣҹ޳ܵظԼһλⲻǹؼ˵¶ˡ
˵ʥ귽ͬǵĺEŮʱѾָ΢΢һھˮ
ҹĻڳ˶ǰһҪٹһʱʵʩ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣿׹˻ӵģ̾ʵ
죬ҲڣһꡣҹҲĻش
Ĵ𰸣Ҳֻû׼
֯ȱˡ׹̾Ͱڳ˹¹ı
ȱ⣬ҾֱӲˣαһˣһЩأҹǺ̬ȣΪҪʾ⣬Żר̹˵һԸѴǰĶԹȷſһԸɱˣҲǵѣĿǰӦһ£ͳ鲻ֳ̫ǳ˶ԵĻھͿԿʼʱԸλһ𣬰ɱɱһƬײǻͬ𣿡
ⷬĸ˶סˣǶһ£ֶĬǧڣɱһܽƻ֯ͣʱ̫»ֱı仯ɣ
㲻õģѾɹɱڲֻҪǼûɱ˵ԵףǾͲ֪飬ɱ˵Ϣһжҵ֮СҹͻȻ˿ЩˣǶɱ˵ɷ˸ȤĻҿԸṩ֤ǰɾô
ǲֻԵɷȤҪҲһɨһӳԺϡYʱӿڣӦʲô£ɱҪҪ
ǵȻҹ˵©ʲô̾ͷӦǵȻǣֻļҴҵкܶҪҪôֵԸߣһʱ仹첻
˶ʲôֻǱ϶û¶ʲôֻҹʲôҲû˵
ʣʱ䣬ƺľƿͣƷƷƣȻ˵Щ̫ҪĻûʲô׵ˣ׼
λAAΣ׵
ҹһӣʵϲ׹ģǶAAǻģŮԷһңǸǮǲӦõģӦʿһ㣬ô˵ˣһȥæYˣ
˵˳ĿУǵ뿪˾ưɡ
YҲɻһ£ѵﲻѾ˵𣿡
ǧͷ԰ǮңõǴңYҴ棬Ҳġ

Ĺع飬Ƕõһ⣬ĸ˶õõҪϢҹҲͳȥϢͳȥˣֻ˭Ҳ벻ʱɱȴֳ˱仯
ǰ͹ӰҹҹȥΪʥ¶˭뵽ȴȥһ
ʲô񣬲˵ҪԸĹع𣿶Ҹտʼ˵ʱҲ˵ҽģż찡ˣҹ΢΢Щ
ЩͬȥɱˣҪһˣһԽģǰȻû̫ŷȻ˵ĻֻҪΣԼİȫʮŷģĹعһʱҲǶ֣ǵõϢǵ˶͵͵͸ԲǴ׷ɱĹɱΧˣڶֹͣ
ҪˣҹҲǾһ
ǸйصˣȻʮֹĵģ̫ڽƻʲôܴӸйϵ֣鵽ϢҲǲܵġ
ԷԸҪˣ˿϶Ĺϵһ㣬ȻҲˡ
ҪҲһ֣ͨȥҲʲôãӰҲԴǸؿҹҸ᳤һ£ʵľˣûʵ۷İ򣬾ǵؼˣһСľ͵óԿ
ʵ˵⻰СҹˣҹڵͰͨĵؼ֣СҲǰСģóԿԿ
֮أոմӻĹڹڵҲȽϤҲڻҲûʲô鷳ȥܸ֮ӦĻεı˵ҲһЩǰҲȰ˵š
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пܣǰʱɱ˾ץٻץɱǿ£ٻһͨˣͻȻ֮õһ۷ĹΪͣǸҲӦܲµһЩ棬ʮа˾Ѿ˵
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ôһ룬ǺпܡɱƫƫʱɸȥٻǺܾܿΪ˷ֹЩŵˡ


189 ֵɨ
һ飬˵ǹܲջûõ˵ľڵһЩɶɽ̽ˡ
켶Ѿ۷壬켶ĹǼϡ٣Ǹ̶ȵˣͨ˵֪ҲǷëǵĴڡȴľ磬Ҳ˵켶ҪߣܾܿԼĴһǸν
ҹؼǵãٻڵõûжãͿ壬Ϊڹ˵ҪؼΪĻǿǸˮƽôҲҪ켶õóٻǻá
ŸոյõУЩõò죬ֻǱܵսӦĻҹҲ˵ʤԷ
ҹûٶ˵ڵ绰Ҳ˵ҵ绰֮̾׼˻ػĵг̡
⵹ûģɱ˵ı»ǲСģܿͰ׵͵˻ģڹӰ˵ˣûпǹҲֻһˡ
Ȼû̫ƸУǵһλص˻ĵʱҹǺݺݵĿȻһ
ζȽϤطסŶϰߣûУҲп
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ϸȥ¶ˣݣȻҪȥӽٻһҪҰҹҽһҲûʲôʹڣܿͰһˣǾ͸Ұһ£ôܴٻĹ˾˵ò
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˵⣬ôܴĹ˾ԽãҾԽҿԽҾԽûлӽúãɲʲôϢҹ˵ƿһ
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󹦷õͰһֽļͿȥӦƸˡ
ӦӦƸ˵׼
ҹļ̧̧Ǿ׼ôɣ֯ʵ̫ˣ

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ҸҩƷ˾ԵҹǰǸд˹ҩҵӵĹ˾
ǰϵҽѧԺԼһڳҩҵһ·ҲǸҩƷ򽻵ˣֻǲ֪Լ֮ڳɵ˶ôˡ
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˹ҩҵģҲӡ֮ǰһзɵӽϹʱ˹ҩҵһС˾ڶҵһֻСϣԴӷɱץΣٻִչһ£ڵĹģ
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ŶˣӰ׼ʻ֤˼и֤飬֤飬ھ֤飬ȭڴ֤顭
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һӦƸ˻ǲ٣²ŸƸİ칫ңѾż׼ŮŮ
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ԴȴȡٰսʱһԱŸСɨѴҴ߽źһţȻæҲķ䡣
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190 
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ңëӾǡ׳־֮£Ѹ鶼ˣ亹ֱﰡô˯ҵŮˡ


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ԹǰԼ뵽ҹλã˿̶˸ҪԼĻȷһԼ϶ؾܾˡ
Ҫô˵ӢأֻǴһ֮ǰӢ۵òˣȻһǧ֮̾ˣֽ֪һλǻӢ۵òˣ顣
ȻǣٻŮǣһµĻᶼûС
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һ㣬һڽг޳Ǳ֣Ҳ֤֪ԼһݣҲɱǱݡ
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·ֳҲһƬֺģ漰˻һ˵ˣԼźӵĿ


193 ЦЦ
һϴ۵ٸ˿§һŮںţ߶Χż߲ѵŮԱ
һ߶һֺˣָٸ˵ţΪװʲôܽˣ֪⹫˾ʲô죬ռҵλӣҵİʳ붼Ҫ룬ģϽԼˣ㻹ҪôȥĻұ֤ڻҪʮ֡
쾭̫ˣ㵽ˣҵͱҪúܶòãƾʲô˵ǳ԰ʳһСĸһէų򣬻ٸСŮǰ
ǣҾ˵ôˣûָ˵ŮԱΪ˵һˣ⼸һĶһȫ˾ĸ֪űȱ˸һнΪһ֣ƾʲôƾ죬ôţҪҿô
쾭ǵнߣܸģʲôȥ˵ȥòͷܣһŮԱҲǰվһУĺӶ۸㻹ҪҪˣ
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194 ҵĿ
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ԣһսΨһͬǣⳡսּҵרҵŶֻаķݶ


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ҹ𣿡⿴İЩȷ˵
ҹһæҡͷǣ˵ǸŵǸ
һЦ۾ȴҲһӿˮҾ֪㣡

ҹҪϣ˵ԼĻµ㼸ʧȥ˼һ̣ȵĺ촽Ҳ
ҹһʱ޴룬˲ڶԷûеζѾܾúܾöûгֻҪˣҲſ
ΪʲôôòŻҡ
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ҹֻǾسţûֹҲûȰ˵ֱʮȭ֮Űȭͷץסˣֻ۵ġ
޺޵شһȭֺذ§סʪһƬ½󣺡ҺúôңҾһֱңҵҾһֱ㣬ΪʲôһӾҵôã
Ҳáҹûʲô˵ˡ
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Сҹһ£˵ʲôԣǳ˴֮⣬㻹ҪԱ𣿡
˵Ű촽սԷӿȴڻǱ׽ס

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æ߹ȥοȴһʱҲ֪˵ʲôҹйص飬ôοҲûõġ
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ٻӣҪ֪ͬҹдʲôɵֲʣһʱѡ
ҹдʲôϣ㶼ʲôҲûп߰ɡ
˵תͷȥһһġ
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196 СΣ
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ҹչ˵ҲزϣܴչһӡԼ˵仰׻ЩŤ
⡭ٻվֻ̾˿ĿԵĻȻǺ£ܲˡ
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¶϶ǲУԼĿǰֻǱܣһ̫Ҫ˵ԼͻȻðȥ׷⣬ҶԷܿʹӦˣ붼ôܵ¶ӵ˶֪ġ
ǻ߰ɣҹæסҪݵٻڵȶǻһ˾ȽϺá
ⲻȶ̫ȶˣǿű飬˵ϼƽĻҪٻ棬֤ûӾ͵Ҫ
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סǸСԺûнȥͿһ˴߳ٻɫҲûбúÿһ
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Ǹɣ̾˿ҹɫһЩѾϿݣСʱûа취ǡ
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ٻɫѿҪγ֭ﲻ˹ҩҵûȨȳ뿪ĺȳˣԷҲֻô˵ǰ
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ⲻ쾭֪ҪҹԷ£Ȼһƶ˵˶ԷǰһҸˣ


200 ţ
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ŶĴȥԼıڣŤͷһԶͷͺţԼıڻе
߽һ񣬷ǡˣ˭ɵģܣûгҲʲôģŶҲű
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201 츳СħŮ
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㵽Ҫʲôʱ˼𣿡ٻ̲סˡ
ǵҪʲôʱ˼𣿡ҹӼһӾûС㶼𣿡
˵㣬ٻ޹һۣתͷŭҹֵĻͱˣȥȼ٣Լ飬ûйϵҲ̱
һ԰ɣô˵¶϶в˿ˣǴҵĶ¶Ǻ˵ˣȸԼҸɡ
ûУҹߣǿȣǷţҶˣŶҩɺҩǺţ̵ǮΪ˻ô飿
ʲôҩɺҩٻһ£֪ԼոΣյֱǴˣȻҲؽˣΪʲôΰЩˮˮĶȹˡ
ף԰ǶҩɺҩӦǵ߲ΪʲôЩˣؼΪʲô˶ûйϵǵҩûҩ
㲻Ҫ˵ĲڵʳƷʳҩ˵ĻǻԺ㡣ϵ˵
ⱭȺˣ˻û¶ĻҾ͵ǵǸҽǲп˵ѣȫˣôҹ˹ٻǰǱָ̹ͷĿȡ
ҪΪԼ˵Ļ𡣡߽ӹȣһھ͹ȥոҪڣһͨˤڵϣŵؿҹ⡭ôܡ
Ȼһ׻ȥˡ
ôܣǱѾûҩˣ㻹ǵóԽҩǲԼҴ̼𣿡ҹѾЦתͷٿһɢŵĳԿͣǴʲôʱ֣Ѿ׼ˣ
仰ٻҲһոѾҹ֪Լھǿڵϵһܿͻϣû뵽ϵٶô죬￴ȥԿͣ˶Ըعɱ
һĿɲֻٻЩԿҲһ£ô¶ģҲ벻
عع˶ֻǾһ֮̾ͱֳһԻӣ֪ҹ˵ʲôЩ˻װͳֻҪļơ
ҲѸٵܹһ۵ϵˣɫܲƵʣǰôˣѾ˭Ҫߣһ˵ɣ
ǵķԼҵĿȻ赹ȥһûͶ㡭ٻҪԷʲôȴҹקһѡ
۵Ļܣ
˵ĹҹһֵԷĺ
֪ٶҲʮݣһһԾ־ͳһѾµعǹ˦ǹ
˵üҹҪ־ӵЩ̫ܡ⡰˦ǹ֮һӾͷҹˡ
ղŻǰˣͻȻˮһãȻֻðǹתٻ


204 ǹ
ٻ˿Ҳûлңǵؼ֣ǹ˵вǾûжԷô
ֻǣʥڿ˵ôֽҪͷԷܵñˡ
һͷûнһλҲûа취ǹΪĸ첲Ѿ಻ķˡ
ˡҹкٻһѾ⾭׵˶Էߡ
⾭ȷʲôߣֶǾħѵģֶԸͨǸ񶷸ֶ´࣬Ƕٻֵؼ˵ʵ̫ˡ
οѾһ첲ûκεɱҹܷĵؾ͸ٻ͹ȥˡ
ٻҲûп̧žؾӡȥȻ˵ǺôҲɱüѩŵˣһȻĵģǿ꿦꼸Ҳ֪߹һϵǡʱȥ˵վܻܲ˵
İҹҲ֪ǳ޻ǳ˵һ֮ѾƮһմſһģȥĶ
ٻΪҹԼЦǿһ֮䣬һӰѾӡհסĿռﾾ˳ȫ֪ԼԻ״̬£ôͱ˷ٵġ
Էãı黹ûɢѾһȭڱϣһ൱ĵطػ֮󣬼ȫɥʧ˷ֻűڵϻȦȦķݶˡ
ɱеģŮ˻׽
Ҳ֪˭һ˶ǲͬذγǹ
ˢˢˢ
ҹϵĵ֧ʱĸ˵ǹأֻԼѪ̾ڶԷ͵ʱ֡
Ҳֻѣĳвͣ˵ǻңϰſС̯
Ҫ֪ҹͲҲܵˣ˵ڣǶΪ˾͵˽ʱ̵ʱֻҲ˳ȥ˵̫Ѩ˵۾һ״̬Ҳ֪ǻûʱ
ϸû˰ɣ
عǶһʱ򣬾Ϳҹץһ󣬿žž˼飬ˢˢһͨңǾȵǣЩɱ̫ĴƬȴûһյģƬƬѪߣеľ͸ɴﲻˡ
֣Ǿ͵һ˳ͷأҹͻȻһ
˿ɲ٣ոǱҹһͨ조ڡˣҪȻһǹĻҹ̬Ҳ϶øϴ׹һˡ
ٻҲòĶȥ⻹Щ˶ĿҹϵʱҪٻãҹʩչһʶոնԸǡʱһԼˣǿɾٻˡ
Щǹ׵ˣ˿̵һȴǸ˸õĻᡣ
һ˲䣬ǹ죬ӰɶӵǷɵǽһڣֻˣȴǰѲЩǹ˶Χһ
ȻõǣǵòҲǾݵģٻҲе
ʥ꣬쳷Ϊ׵˿൱˽⣬ڻʥĿֲʣҲ´˳˵
볷ӵӦһǹ죬׼˷ָĳ̶ȣǹǹǹָϣҪһĴݵĻֻ˵ֱˡ
һǹǸǰѣ˵ҪصöˣҲÿһǹܴУٶϾҪϰģһָ֪ߵûȫ͸ҲЩ˶ҹһͨӸ˰ɣȻ治ô׵֡
ҲˣЩعΪȵģǸŮȻòƽƽǹǽһĪ⡣
ѾͷȻСǡһСȿȣˣһһ۾ʹЩаΪ׵عͷӸˣǹһȶԷ·Ѿȥ
ӵţعͷŵûһ£ͻȻû۵ĵطһ飬ҲûǹۣһŤͷԶһüе
θ㰡ǹô̶ֳȵģѾǹݣֱħǹ
ǹⶫܶ༼һŬǲеģ츳ҲһҪ
ŸͷһҲ벻ĪС츳ʵܺá
Ҳ֪֪֮ƾԼоҲǰ״ȫûٸʥһϸµ˼ЩͬûֵǣһӸλͻƳ·ܵǽһ׳ۡ
׷ҹд󽫷ȵһ֣Լһȥˡ
ιǲ˱𣿡ٻܸоԼûеõӦеӡ
ȱԼû䣬ҹѾӰˡ
׶ЩʥҲ׶ĶеڵĸԼĶ˵ԼԼģҪʲô
ٻһͨȴҲһ˳ȥ˲±͸ȥЩ˱ɣôҲһµҪĸо
ʱعǶѾԶˣҹһģҲԷ˺ôһصľ롣
ĪС̧ҪǹȴҹһץסҵθСӴǹǲҪϱˡ
ɲչ˴ģҹõʹ˸
סԷᡣ
عһ˺һģһǴˣһӦEġ
忴ӦǴռ֮ǰȿжǸġǴˣЩҩӦöϴμǸEŮعŪġ
õ̧ǹۼ֮󣬷ɢĴĴعֱֱŵ˼ߵʮа˾ŶEģEεж˸ոձƬ˵һЩ֮⣬ûʲôʧ
ٿͲһˣһӳˣҲʮֱߵط֣ǸEһҪE˵ķ϶ԷǸǹҲӺܵĽǶɱǡ
E˵ôãعţǾԲԼᵹù̶ֳȣΨһĽ;ǣE˸ˣ
ǻŸֺޣʵصڵϣͿE˺ܲؽǶȥ෴ʥˣس˹Ǵһ
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ĳεĸߴһ촫ҹͻȻ֮䴥һץĪСǹǹڳһ٣ȴûпǹֻǵõǰ
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һӵͷ֮ɵ굽ҹǹǹһ˦Ǳӵԭ··˻ȥ
˷ӦҲܿ죬æһͷûаһǹִԱһ̽顱һӲͷϣǰСǶƮˡ
ͷʱǱģҹӵǰǹ
֪æҪŤͷ·Ա߶˺ǺһЦⲻEŮû뵽ּˣڻģôǻҶԸɱˣרſԸҰ
šǸɣEŮҹ
Ǿͺã߰ɣ´οɱˡҹܴȵ˵
㡭ߣEŮܾȵص


205 ҹʹ
ĳس֮У˶ոձҹߵEŮʱվһ
Һ֪ΪʲôбץɱģǴˣEˣȴһȻ˵Ĳߣֻ۾ﶼ⣬ӿǸˣʱ۾һգգضŶEŮ
ǵİСҲ˺ܶŬð˺ܴķաEŮԱߣͬһEˣ˵š
û˵꣬Ѿˣ˺ܶŬ˵ٻǷµҩ𣿾ǳ˺ܶ඼û⣬ǵֻһھѾµҩǸЦǻǳǸĽҩҵǺ뿴ôŬģ˵λС㣬Ǹʥץˣȴֺط뿪ˣ֪ǲҵϢ˴󣿡
ѵԷڹǵĺ𣿡EüͷȣڻģǵжĻû˭ռõʥıˣǿһ㣬Żǻɣʥͻڲ֮أǵĿ꣬Զʵֲˡ
ֻûĸǺһֻҪǰɣתͷǸаȵEŮһΣٳǴ˳εĽǾԼȥϷɣ
ȣӦ֪һҲǲҪİɣɫ˿䣬ɨ˳һۣڶԷĿ߲ʲôҪʥԸĻͲһξ㿴ѵҲ֪Ǵ׼ʲôʱ𣿡
ߣһε飬һģǵ˰˵꣬վٴε˰һۣɫˡ
ȣ򿴶ԷߺתͷԼ£Ǹʥˣ˵ʲô
ʲôҲû˵ͰҷŻˣȿ˶ԷһۣҲڻҰɣ
ʱҹ˵һᣬˣʥ֮ģǸ
Ϊعҹߵʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽һ㣬ѡ񲻻𣿾֪Է㲻⣬㻹޷ܾ˵ı˵ı
ˣֵܣҲΪһЩ϶οEֵܹϵϡ
鷢֮ǸûҧһڣѾǺܿǵˡ
Ҫ룬һСǸˣǶһȺܽƻˣȴûлشȵ⣬㻹Ҫеעţò취ӽˣһģǴˣо仰˵벶ȸں󣬶ҪģֻںĻȸ
ףһδʧСȻߣҲعӢԺ󲻻ٸǺɣ˵
㲻ùЩû棬ǾǺ棬κ˶ǵǰʲô򵭵
ǲǲǵãǲܾ棬仰˵ȱûȱǣԷȫ㣬ԡȱ˭ȱ

ܣڻҪȥμ𣿡ҹ˸飬ַԸҶԹλתͷٻʵ
Ϊʲôȥٻûио£˼Ȥʥڣһܲ顣
ţҪǹٸߵ͸ˡҹ
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˼ֻܸһ𣿡ٻѿڶ
̫ݶˣҹȵؿŶԷòô˵ԼϹ
⻰ҲǺ˵һ£ϹңһвŮˡ˵ô̶ٻȻԼһô˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
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ȥĶǾۻķɣҹڳӵĸʻڣһֱٻڿ˾ҲǺ⡣
ﲻԶһҲɫζòٻ˵
ллܣѾ˰뱥ˣҹŶӵȻȺ̫ҲרΪٳԷˡ
һһڶûأٻ˶Էһۡ
һҹˮķˣڵأѪĴعٻûٻǼҲĴ㣬Ⱳӿ¶ȥˡ
ֵģεͻ¼ûӰʳо˼һЩʥЩ˱ţ鷳ƺҲûô¡
ȻҲΪԼǵؼֵԭһͨ˲ǻóͷⰡ
˳Ա֮һǰʱҲʱ
ٻֵģϴһҲǱһһļʻҹһ̾ͱ˽ȥЩҪʶǾͲˡ
ҹǸٻһģʲôݣҲֲȥһ˾ˡ
ĿˣǾҪһһ˶뺯ˣûеˣǿǾԶܷŽȥġ
ϴֻ쾩ᣬһȴǱһΪ˸еĴҵǣһͬĴʢ䣬Ǵӹģһܱȵģ˾͸Ҫϸ˶ԣȻֳǿǾ͸ѿˡ
˵Ҳûʲô˻ﵷңû뺯ģ֪֮Ҫ죬Ҳÿ˭ĵ̶ǣ쾩㣬Ǵٳ˽θʳƬˡ
ӭҪһʱ򣬻һλû뺯ģ˻һصصĴŮ
㿴ӵӰƯɣǶٶпױݵԭ򣬿ǰλһ泯죬Ƥȴ۵һҪȥĳ̶ȡ
ٿ˳ӣ˵ÿֻǴģһģǹ˵ģһӷʣһݣѾûп޵ĳ̶ˡ
ԲС㣬û뺯ǲܽġȻԷúܾޣӭҲһٸԸӵŮ׽ְǲǰ
˵ˣڳŮһְҵȴöô࣬ŮǣְҵŮŽȥˣ͵ȥɡ
ҽ⣬԰ҵȥܣ֪ңŮȻЦһ£⣬ҲǰҹʹĻ᳤Ҹʮʱ䣬ҽȥһ뺯ĻˣֻܽһûеƹҲûκεźŵľۻˡ
ӭˡ
ʲôǶһƯϢŮвң⻹һΡ


206 ֲûϵ
ҹʹ᣿ʲô
ӭȫʲôȻּҵǰǰЩйصˮһ󱳷
˲֪ˣȴܰҹʹڹֻڳʱ򣬻ûаҹʹᣬʱֻһȥİҹʹɾûгɻᣬҲһţУЩˣ˯ҪѵԵĵԴ߰˲˯š
ںּҼȫŶӣǾ͸ѪʷһһѵģҪ˵ҹҲ˵갡
ӭȻûȫȴҲûĺӣȻԷвˣҲ̾ٻ㱨¶һӣٻѾ˳
ѾͷʲôְҪ㵷Ұٻֵһѽȥ
㣿ӭĴԶ·һ¡
вܵˣȻܵıãҪ˵ôֱ࣬Ӹܴ绰ֱӸԼˣܵòˣвĪ
ֻԼݽǿűݡһǣĿؿٻ
Ϲͺܸˡٻƺϴμʱɫ˺ܶ࣬Щο
ҹʹֲҹں˵
ллͷʾ⡣
ʹ㣬ҹָҹˣҹʡ
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ٻոհвãǰҹǲǹ𣿿û뵽ͣٶûУͺƽػشˡ
ȽȥɡȻķӦһ£Ǿô̸ȥȫæкһȥ
Ǽ˻û̫ԶһŮͬҲΪû뺯ӭ档
ҽᣬٻҽȥȻҾԼȥŮɫƽ˵ĻȴƤֱ
ӭһһвģҲûзѵдŽв
ϴεľ飬ҲһһͿʵǡݣ
ǣῴ˶Էһۣܼ򵥵˵ûϵ
ӿѰˣȻ˵ûϵҪ˵ʲôģҲϿȥʾܰŪûϵܹܲȥ˵ܣһ˵ûϵŮҪ¶̫ð찡
һŮɫȥʰɣʡλڶء
ɣӭûжطҹȴѾ߳á
ԭˣеǸһģŮãҲ˵Ůʵܡͷã
ϵеưֲ˵ûϵء
ӭһ˵ҲͲȥ鷳ٻˣ߾ûгֹʲôˣڳҲһǿ϶Ҫעһʲôϵܺ˵á
硣ῴҹе
ôˣҹҲû뵽Ҳ
ЦЦȻܵȴû˴ǰֲȻһֱŬЦҹ
˵֮䣬ͿһһŮȳޱ
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ʲô㣿ȳһٻļԽԽˣ뺯ǰҪٸͨһܽȥ
Ȼƴ󣬵Ҳô˵ģһöٻû̫ĺøˣһӸ
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ᣬޱȴûȥ¶ָֻǰ˵ıӰǸˡҹ
ȳһ£æ˳ޱָķ򿴹ȥ᲻һӰŮɽһǿǱװóġ
ǣԱǸ˾Ͳ˵ˣȳӡĸҹкܴơ
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ȷûдߵȴҹϸ˴εӣʣԵشһҹӰӣʵڲҹ
ǣ΢΢һЩҹҸõ
Ǻãҹϵض˵лǶҹһУﶼ
ȳ˰֣ȴûʲôոնٻԹҲ벻ˣֻЩء
ޱԺһЩҪ˵ʲôȴһ˴ˡ
ⲻƴٺСкܰ
ȳ˶תͷȥֻ߹һɫŮֱۣӱ鿴ŮѾĴϳ
൱⣬ԶͿҹˣԼµõһŮɲ򵥣ԸҲɰˣһ۾ҧһڣɷŵ֮ǿҰһƥսҰ
֮Ҫ԰ڣǮ֮⣬ŮˡȻ˴󶼼ˣʲôӵƯŮҲʶҪ԰һ£Ȼǹ԰ڸҹ
ߵ˽ǰոҪ˵ʲôʱҹߵһ£ᡭ
ɽŮţ쾩Ҳû˲֪ģûмҲһ۾ϳ
԰ڣѸŮǶҲֲҹǰ԰ʲôˣ˵ģֵԱǼ֣ʸǱݵóġ
ܸӣ۾һ£ͷõˣֻסҹֱۣƼÿһۣǽȥɡ
ߡޱƺ˼ҲЦؿ˿Էת߿
ġ߷ߵһ
ˣߵĴŮæؿš
ٿ˿ߵŮˣûŵʱ򣬵ȷƯû˵
ѵǾϻ˵ģ²ʶ»Ȼ
ˣ߶ûҲҪ԰ڵףοһҲãʿɿڡ
һ§סŮǰȥ׷ҹǣӼмӲײ˹ȥ
ǺǡȳЩŭǶԷײȥ֮󣬿ŶԷǸӰȴЦЦ
ǸŮȴߵŮ˿ȥüͷ΢΢ţƺЩ֡
ߣҹ֣ĳƲ̫ҪСһ
ߣҹûйѹͣȳʱһ£Ȼⷽ治̫Ҳ֪߸ĵĹ߻һ඼عǡ
ʥˣҹҲûعܻһһҪǾҰȫĵطûаȫĵطҹѣˣҲһǽ


207 صĻƿ
һ˿֪ܲһЩСҲһʥͷƼÿɲһˣ쾩Ĵ֮һļȶ̳ˣ˵϶˽⣬Ҳ֪ǻأҲ߼ع֯
˸ӳԾǣԷΪҹԭ򣬾Ȼ˹Ŀ࿴˵òҹõѡ
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ҹҲ֪Ҫô˵ˣΪٶŮ˲̫Ȥɡ
ȡȳҲҹش⣬һʾһ£žͲ⡣
Ҳû֪˲֪عʱ򣬾ƼãҲЩ㷣˭֪ᷢʲô¶
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һܰ¶ȥԼóеգЩعҲδػţ˵ԷΪǹڸأ˵ǰ˶ץߣץҲܷŹһعµĹ
ĳϡЩϤȥĳʱҲ֣Ѥ˵ĵƹ⣬˵۾ѰŮҲ˵۾һĿꡣ
ȥȴǰҪ͵˺ܶ࣬ǵһӵܣޱŵĴڣҲѧȥĥԷɫǰôȥ̸
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˵ǰֻЩŵĻǴּһܹʼʶʵѾΪҵɱ֮
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꣬ûˣְҪְ
ּܴ˽˼Ŷӣڱʷһΰչ
ּңҲʶˣ޺ŮֻǸǶʹʹô򵥣ʵѾվ˸ּҿƽƽλϣĳĵλġ
ҹʹᣬֻһ˽˺ڿܹ֯֯ڶҰȫŵƸн簲ȫά
ЩԸ⣬Ϊֻ֪ҪҹʹԸ⣬κһˣƻǵϵͳ
ȻʮΣյ飬ԷĻǸԸЩ˶ץѡǺ
ɰҹʹˣҲ㿴ǳ֣Щ֪ģȴץκε֤ݣøȫŶʮͷۣΪԼҵİȫ룬ֻһЭѡ˹Ӷǡ
ǱȽϷĵǣЩ˲ӣЩ鲻ǺۼİУҲ඼Ϊ˵壬ʲô¼ЩˣԾǸɢڿ;ӢϣûжĳҵĳޣЩǵϵͳȫǻ˵ȽϷĵġ
һ㹻κһҺ֯Сҹʹᡣһɱˣ㻹ԻǮӶǿıڣΪԼݻɵ˰ҹʹᣬ͵Żص̵ֽʱɣ
ȻҲȥӶڣּһһԼġڡŶӣǷַӶôˡ
ˣҹʹᣬϼƼҵñڣıǿ⣿ֻ˵һ֣Ǻǡ
ε˲ٻǻ˸һᣬһƯҲ൱лŮȻٻٷ˵󣬿ֳջ൱𱬵ġ
ڨġ衢ԶЩҲҪʼʱˡ
Ů鲢ï֮£һƷ̨ϣһοȫʴһһ˺ܶľ飬һεĳɽۣͳɽԶԶϴλҪߡ
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ڹŶ˵һҵ֣ԭһĲֵĶ˲ܳڡһι߹޶ӵ׶ϷĳĴĸʵʱĶһӾǧ򱶶ˡ
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ֿ˵Ǵӹŵһص֣˭ָܰˣǿɾҲˣҪôо仰áأ
Եͷǲ˵ǽ˺ܶڵ飬ʲôĵĻֵɾʹˡ
㻹ŶӣǶ˵ûռؼˣռʲôѾû˿ˣǿǣֳԱ˳ŵ£ֶǵ޵ˡ
ڶǡŮҲ֪ڹװһֱǾϲ˵ڶǡ⡯֡
⣿ô˵ָһĻʮ־ٻһ֣ʲôԺ峴ը֮ģûصЧ
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ʱֳƾն˼ӶǶֻƿӡ
Եһ£ֶ˵ȷЩһΪ˴ܸ˽ƷҲѾþȫˣŮҲȤȫûпĳЩѾЩˣǡ桯ٵ֡
棿⣿ҶڵȥذѼϵһ
Щĸ֣˿ѾĿ¶⣬Ƿ·𿴵һƿдһء֣⣡


208 ȲҪ
⣡
ĸѾĳЩﴫˣȻҲЩ̵ļ壬̲֮ģǵȷЩѡ
ڳ֪Ȼ࣬Ҳ١
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ãûбȶʮߵģŮֿѾûٹһ֣Ȳس˼ۣȻҲٸǸֽϾ̾ת˽ɫ
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˶֪۸Ǹëëֱ꣬ĳɽۣǾһۣӦһͱۡ
⣬ǿϷŰ˭õˣ˭пԳΪڹ֮ף»ֻʱЩĹɶԼĶ֣ɵõ
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ȻǴӶģۿⶫҪʮˣʮڰöӶ𰡣
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Ҳֻ΢΢һ£̾ףٻ϶Ҳ֪ⶫڹҪԣʱҳ֣ҲǺ顣
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⡭ŮҲЩ֪ˣֳ滹Ǵûйġ
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ǺǣҾ뿴˭õǸƿҹ۾ѾȲҪˡ


209 ӵЩ
һССƿ۸Ѿĳ֮ǰƷܼۻֱ߳ǲ˼ġ
ǿЩһһ¾ƱۣСڹҼұһ̫ǮǮˡӽǮҲҪװˡ
ҪʲôʱΪֹῴ棬Щʵ
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ۡ
һӵñ֮ǰɻˣ˵Ǹںڴһ߶ʱѣ˾ǰԷѳְˣڲȵһƿ֮󣬼߶˻һء
ڣӵͳŶкɣкǱ£кϣɥʧսǡҲǱ£


210 Ůһ
˵֮ǰԿܶȥĻһôͬʱźˣ޲ķʽǳȻȲʼʵļ󣬿Ҳܵˡ
˴Ҳ֪ôɲУæ͵һ󲿷ӵ۵شͷϷɹȥеĻԸкʱѵͷϣʱһƬϲɫʡ

źһַȻǹ֮УҲԵøϲ졭
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Ȼͷһ˳ģӵãټ͵һڿڴﲻÿҲ֪ȫƴͼˡ
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ۡ
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һ»񫣬ƺ⻨ƿǴֻҲӳֵıһ·գӰЩ˵ļ϶ش󣬺Զǹ˶չһˡ

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ʮ򣡡ΪŮˣòСѪĸԩͷɵǮȥԼۡ
ҿˣҹʱѾߣ٣ҪŮһ£


211 ô
˵ʲôñӶҪˡ
ȻҲȥ˵Ůãֻ˵ģ˵Ǽ˼˻
ಡ
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˵ʲôѾȲ뿪ˣҹֵ̯Ϊʡ˼ʮ򣬸мҰɣ
˵ţҲȥ׷ˡ
Ľڶ۸ţҲʷ۸ߵĽڶˡ
꾫Ůû뵽ҹһӾܿԼ֪Լ¶ոտʥ֮Ѿûκνɾֻ·һˡҪӿֲ
Ŵ²ģǶܸĴĪвһǴһԹȵع᲻ҲܵŴǿɾͲ˵ˡ
ǶԼҲЩͬһֵĳͷֻܻһŴ㹻жҪҪˡ
ںǸ۾Ȼܵȴû죬գ۵ĹѾӳԷ֮⣬ֻҪ뿪Ҳûа취ôˡ
ŸոͷԱ߶һ˵ЦǧŮôʲôҳ㣿
ǧһ㶣ֵ֪˿ɲ࣬ǰһֻףԼǱһӣӾֹ˵ǵصĻӣôһӾȷԼ
̫ˣϴǧ̹ҹֶΣɴĿֲԶԶв
㡭ôϳģǧˣҲ֪ԼܵٿҲڶԷ
ˣǿܽӴģϵҿɻǵҹϷʵ˵һЩԸɱˣ˵ǻѰɣ
ǧ΢΢ŬԼǶԷһദ
ôֻ̫ˣ˵ʲôʱͻᷭһԼһ취ûС
Ѳ̫ص˵һԸɱˣҲ˵ǵȵȣҹŲߵǧǰĹȻһӶܵǻҪ£ǻĵĶɾЩصˡ
ǧĻ˵ʮֵصһ̾Ϣ˭ҲǱ׼Ļʽ̾Ҳ֪ЩعˣûԼɣһжǹʲôǾͱҪʲôٲԸ⣬ҲΥҪȥܣ㡭ӦܹҰɡ
⣬Һҹֵ̯˵ôԸأ
ҡǧ΢΢ȥ֪ԼɫҹĻɹʽ㣬ڳɫ֮⣬벻һԼúûİ취ˡ
ǧԼС۾ЩʪʪӣߣңһӵĻԸԶڻģҲһܰѴܶ㣬ҾҲܴĿˡ
Ŷҹ°ͣϧѾŮˡ
ûйϵҲǻŮˣҲҪֻ֣ҪܴӦңҾѾˣҡǧæ֤ҹǰȦȦҾ㳢һŮ˵
Ǿô˵ˡҹһӵ
ģǧȣԷȻô׾͸㶨
ҹش𣬾һƿʮһЩǱǱ׷ɱġ
λǵٶеҹЩЦ˵ǵеģҪȻǿ϶ܵñڿ졣
޳˵ĪСӺ׷ܵòӿӣǸݵЩƽò˲ٵɫʣܵضˣ㾹Ȼ˵Ҳģ
õ͸Ǵ󺹣ӻʲô˵һҹǸǰ޽ˡ
Ӵ󺹵׹YʮعһֱΪʥñǶһҪȻôҲܵô죬û뵽ȻֻոЩǹŵˣȻģ̫˼ˡ
ˣǧڿԿǹ׹Yعͷɱ֮һḺ𱣻㣬֤㲻ٱץȥ֮⣬ֻҪڻĲ֤ûκ鷳ûɣҹʡ
ǧ죬ҹ˵Ǿôˡ
ԭô˵ˣ
Ҳ֪ǲ֣㲻Ϊô׾ͱץɣһĸߴ׹߳
֪ϲʣżը𣿡ҹԷѵ˵ҪĻ
YλߴʦɫҲˣΪԷĴ֮󣬲ŻԼЩ뿪ģڿԷȫǹģǲЩ׹еըڴﱬը
ըóɣõǹ˵Ӧ֪£ըٴҲֻ˵Լˣ׵úܡ
ֲãֲöԷ֮ǰһֱû¶棬ֻڸλôǹǶΪԼ֪ٵʥָΧˣһµڣ⼸˲վԼǰ
ԭ㹻Ŀռ䣬Ҳ㹻壬ըȷвЩٶȶﵽ̶̬ȵʥ֡
ʵЩըҲȷΪ˶Ըʥ꣬ڱҪʱըңٳûٻߡû뵽м˸⻨ƿǶֻעˡ
˰ǹҲըֵǣңˣµըȴһûб
ʥȷǺ˳ϵֻǺ֣ʲô취ըġ
ĺ棬Щըרң½оһըųһ֮ûκˣҲûκΰ취Բ
ըңҲֻǿԿըʱը޷ٱը
ʥˣǳɹЩըһûбһ˷˼Ⱑ
ǵȻһİ취ҹõ˵
⻰ģҹЩըʱ̾ϵ֮ȥ𵯵˰СʱĺҲֻ棬ը޽⡣
ֱ֮Ӱըӵ˿һҹ˾Ѿ뵽֮ĳ׹عһͷңذˣȴը
֮Ҳ湻ġ
Ƿ׹˸Y˶һۡ
ûǹԷǹ˱̬ΨһеըֻըԼ»ҪţֻǸԼȥˡ
ܺáҹ
һܣYǸ۾ͻȻǧһۣͬߵˣһĹҹ˵ֻܸһ˵ҵĻ
ȥ˵ĳǵȻܣһȺھ·ķ²ʲôʸҪʤ߷գ
ҹȴû뵽һƵģֱͳǱȥ


212 
ҹĽŲ죬ɼ֮Ҳߵ˶ԷߣҪ˵ʲô
תȥY۾âǿˡ
ҹһľżľȻת
СģĪСͻȻһ飬
õҲǴ󾪣ոһ˲䣬ȻҲ˲Ļ㱡
ãѸٵ̧ǹˡ
ǹ죬ȴǧǹڣӵ˵ǰ͸ռ䣬۵һҹ塣
顭
һӵ֮󣬺ҹһļӵҲŴϡ
һϻӵȫҹϣյϻ˲䣬ǧ̾Ͳһװӵĵϻתǹõ˵ȥ
õʱѾӦһǹҪֱȡԷҪ
ɱҹȴؼʱ̴
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ԾһҹֿԷǹѾأȻͲٿǹˡ
Ƚֵһ˵ħŮĪСҲ˰ģҲҹҲԷǹˣɻǲǧͿǹ
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ҹһ亹ûзСħŮһ֣æ󺰣ǹңңɱǸŮˣûɱҰ
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Ƕ۾ĳ嶯عǺǿģǶֳ嶯ԭǣYҲ϶ˣܸıˡ
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֮ŻĶԹȻY׹Ҳòȥܾվһ߶Դ˿ҪľȰʥҪɱ˴͵һ˲䣬Y׹һʣ˸ˣϾֻʣˡ
ҹ־Σˣƾôһ֣滹ߣоųɵİܳɹ
Ľô¶ôͰY߸ɱˣɽ˰
ʱҹȴǺܲʱ˵۾ﶼǹģΪԼոΪ˾Yعɱ˰ɣ
ǧЩY׹ع̾ʶҶôģûС
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ɲҹٴκһ
Ȼ˻ûʲô˼֮ǰһڹ⻮ƿҹʱһڶɱı
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׹YعȺͨͨ˽أȴǱһϸСİ̵ϡ
˵еı滨룿ҹְҲЩȵ
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ǹһֻҪҪˣһǴģֻҪˣ̾ѪǼнع֪ˣ϶ģǴǶͣʵֻҪһ㹻ζˡ
õ˵ȻҲⶫôİ֮ǰ˭û뵽ġ֮ǰ빻ԶԼЩûб¶԰в󣬿һ̣ⶫв̫ˣԼЩ̫ܵ
̧ǹԼǹʱѾû˱İ취ˡ
顭
ӵǱͲҲѾֱõˡ
ҲվһѶģȻԷҲΪеı滨붼õʵ̫˷ˣ˵ʵÿһͲְ˵е˷ѣҲû취¶ֻݳһˡ
õӵԸˣ׼ӭԼˡ
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ոǧԻһγǵϣ˭Ҳûаղŵ״ϵһΪʱҲֻ̫࣬ǳִֵˡ
תеعתڣҹǱ߶ȥ
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ʥǸǹֵвȷҲɢ£ǹϳһѶǹҲǰ˵ĵ죬滨ٶܵסֱˡ
תȻ죬Ҳܸߣɻһ
ҹĸոԼʶԷһͲ붼䵽֮ĵطֻһӵ֮ѾٴγعȺ
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ֻϧɱֶûк꣬Űĸ첲Ѿϵʵ벻һԴ滨ĺɫᵶӦԻɱ˵ɱôͻô׾͸ӵ
һˣᵶĸ첲նҹǯָҲ쵽ǰһعĲȶϡ
ԭˣعѾ޲ˣԭԷûҲһɱˣ˿Ӱ졣
ǣԷɱ֮󣬾Ƥ£ֽǰѰҹ˳ϡ
⹦ʱ䣬Ѿ˷ӦһͲ䣬ҹһѻ۾عץסΣһ߶ǸسЦЦԲֵܣѾˣã


213 С
ҹгһǸֱӵĽǣǸǸعô۾ˡ
Լɱ˭ɱ׹ع˳Yŭš
ǸĺûѣǴĺѣ
ոҹ˺ǣֻһ˲飬ںܶûиղһͲĻԼˣҲֻǶһֻ첲ô
ް׹˷ŭصYˣ֮ǰY˷ŭǧһ
ˢ
һڹǵʲô
ع̾;ѹǸѲһİҹҹˣһĶ붼ܴɣɼж죬ǰѾǵֱٻ
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ľ֮£ϵİҲٷˣûǹûа̬ļһⲫǺεȿֲ顣
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ܰɣɢܣܵһһڳʲôġԺ˵ɣ
ûгɣʮĸ˾ԼعԸһһһѵǹϵѡ˳ˣһһĳˡ
ҳһɢžԼͬԶĵطܡ
ԣ£ҹֻѡ׷һҲֻ׷ȫˡ
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׹Y֮Ҳ쵽һҲ֮Ĭ˭ץ˭ŪҲֻܹԼˡ
æҹһЩҪܣҪˣһ˿϶²סæͺ֧Ԯ
ϵİҹҲţһڹ˸רֱۣգ۹򣬻ûгɢĵϣֶ첲
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ĶߣӢ޵УٶҲĪСҪ˼֣ȾͰѶԷ·˽ضˡ
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˻û֣ѾǿӲķʽĵڵأ˸ոҪһ̧ͲӭһںĶϡ
صʱһƤǹôõģ
ɸٶٿ죬Ҳ첻ôˣоԶһˣһͲ׼˴

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޳塭ĪСȻе
ҲŸӢµس˳ȥҲ֪ľ̫٣صù֣һʱκβ˶֣ۿҪԴӡ
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һֱӰѵϻӵˡ
عĪСӸһܵһͷͷ֣ԼһѪûС
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̡
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ҩЧҹһ֣û̾ѪţѪֻϡ
Ժ֮УиŮſʵû°ɣ㲻ɣҲã´Ҳˡ
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ȥ
عһԺУ⼸仰ò֪ȥĸϧѾʲôпѾûǡ
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ҹ˽¶һɲûԼԸͷ
СħŮǹǿѾԼ˶µĳ̶ˣ
ҹ˿ѾӵøԶˣҡҡͷˣڣԼȥܰɡ
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ӵĸعǱǹ׷ɨһֻӵǵͷϽ£ұߣͣش
أҲԼʩչ˼ޣǰ˺󵹣ԼһꨣЧҲǺԵģǾһӵûгţҲԼ˼š
ʼʱҪ֪ԼôãͲܵôǱˣ
ĪСĸ˵ӵĹˣǹֻʣһţһţˣ˵ԼܣСҽһɣ
ְһӵ˦ȥͿ֮رһѪӵȻ֮⣬˶ֵԴ
õ͸һ£˶һתȥȻûɼһһģȻǿҪЦˡ
ĪС񣬻ҹȽģСԴѾͷǵԺǹʱһҪʴ֮ģ


214 ҧ˭
عǧӵˣԼû뵽ܴʥߡ
YǸСعͷӣԼǹɱʱԼˣҲ֪YعŹҲ˶Էܰ
ɸû뵽ǣҹһеİˣڻӵıԻˣ
ôôɵ뷨Ϊٵľ׹YҵʣY
ΪʲôῪǹʥɱYع
ǰΪʲô˵Լ𣿶Է
ڲһۣʧأҲôEģһͷҲ˱ʵĶˡ
ȻY׹֮Ҳһ£ΪYðɱ׹عͷӡ
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ףʱ򣬴ͻȻʶĿǰûʧʲôֵģȻֻEһˣһֵֿܻʼˡ
˵ҪֵĹ˭ԼĶѣֻǲҲˣôѣ˭ܵ˰
Eȱ̬˳ⳡڵĽعԱˣعԼıȥ
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ΪʲôҪ˳ѯԼ˾ѾҪֵͷˣֻҪټһʱ䡭
ͷ𣿡ֻҡͷֵͷֻʥµһնѣҿǸѻƿŪ飬ͺƿˣҲʥԵݵģǾҪЩ˶ԷѾǵĵٴȥֻȫ³ʼնʥĵ̣ڶԷֻǳ˼ˣͰŪһ㣬ʥҪľŹĻ˭ܻŻع𣿡
⡭Щ֪Ҫôش𣬺ǵģʥͷβҲûгּˣĹعȴʧ˲֪٣ЩҲûġ
ѾȲԷ¶ʱˣ˰ɣҪԼʧܣΪǱ¸ӣҿɲڻν
ǡȻʣҲֻܵͷˡ
Eعˣߵøɴ䣬ûаˮ
Ĺʣ뵱ΪһͬĿ꣬һۼڻģΪǿճһ±ñɳɢˡ
һиù˭EƺǺ𣬵ǳ˳ˣȥıӣعɱYˣ֮ǰEĺУʧҲܴYɱ׹ˣ˲඼ˡ
˭ȱ˭һʱ˵ֻصӽźͷһ׸裬㲻ңҲ㣬عһһлεϷ


ʥܲӢǬİ칫֮Ļܽεж
ֹǻӢǬ֮Y׹EĹʮعֻһսӢǬĴ
飬ʥܶ˶֪Ҳв˹עţֻӢǬһˣĿ꣬ǰٻ߲أ˵ͷҪõһ
ҹԶ׹ԵףʱһֻǷϻἸæ˶ԷĺԱˡ
һ忴ƫˣû뵽ʱȴյЧҹϢ֮ҲܾȷĹعյĿָ꣬ٻ
һȻʥԱķͷ
Ȼһûҹʵʶ϶УûõǹҲ൱鷳ͺĪСûħǹܶ鶼֪ôˣȻħǹҲԼһ󺹡
黹ûнԶԶûн֮ŲɱȻ࣬ⶼĹľӢعڲ棬н׼ڴ϶ֵعֻһЩ̽·ļһȻɱ˲٣ԶԶûĹﵽ˽ǵЧ
ҲҧǼɣõͲˣôĽô˵øһ
һҧʮ⣬ۼ졣䡣
ʵҲȷˣ⣬ҲǰĹعˡһع𣿶һعʥ⣿Щ˾һ㼶𣬵ȫعҲһֵˡ
֮Ȼ֪ǲô˽ѣһתͷҹĪСˣ޳ħŮأҲô𣿡
ʱ˶ǫصͷ֮ʻ̧ܵͷ
ĪСŴ۾ʣҧ˭ʲô⣿
СħŮҪĽడ
ʲô⣿ҪԷ𣿡ҹľߣһ֮ȫѹŸղ˯ˡ
֮
ˣõԱͲ֪ʲôǽ仰˵ǶԣܳԱֵý¶
ԳԳԡ֮һ֮󣬾ûбҪѹ˵ĻˣǳԸ뵽Ķԣǽȥ
˧ˣõ⺰һҪʲôģҲǶԴҵһϿɡ
Ҫֽ𡣡š
ʡøСѵʱһԼ档
ĪСȻھŸղŵ⣺˵Ҫҧ˭ţ
ðɣɵҲ˸ղ˯ŵĲֻҹһ
ֻҹûü˵һʲô绰ˣҹһ۽ͨ仰̾͹ҶϣɫҲ
ٻҹ͵Ϲұ˰ˣƬȥ
Ĺعģõһæʵ
ӦûĹˣ֮˵Ҹոյ׼ȷϢEعѾȫ߻ع飬׼ڻĵϲˣǲңֻп֪
ܶԷ˭ƬֲȫʱҶˣⶫǱһְЩ˻ǷҪƬʲôɻ
ȻȫҲˣʱƬļ۸ҲͰõȴǲ֣˵˴⡣
ȥ˵ҹ֮˸кתˡ
ֻĪС˸Ƿʵ磬ǻȥԷ𣿡
ҶҹĵһԻӦҪˡ

Էʲô֪𣿡ٻİ칫ҹҵôŵŮǡ
ٻҡͷ˼ֻҪƬ˵׼μʱһԱ˭ȴʵ޴ӲˣҪֻһȥɱҡ
ֻҪƬĻǾͺˣƬˣҹָ˵ĻƿҲɣ
˵Щ鶼Ūģٻҹ
ֻǾŪЩ֮ǰӦøǴкҹش
ٻҹβЭģô˵ĺˣʵǵˣ֪ĶǼٵģԲðŪ飡
ܣոլ绰̻ȥһˡͻȻ˵
ٻסȭͷҹվʲô¶Ҹȥһ˰ɣҲ˳Ŵң


215 
ڲš⡷ĻƿٻתߵһСֶΡ
⼸ƿһҲûȥţʲôõǸŮ֮Ĵ˵ˣͿ⣬űȥˡ
ò˵Ҳһٻȴˣжûл˵൱󣬶Ѿˣɱ͸¶ϢĹعҲٻĿġ
ƿҲ⣬κεĻǶŹĽǻƿҲٻҪץ
ƿĸãܾܿЩľڵĹߣ֮
ƿĻڵĻⶫǼ٣϶в֪˻Ϊⶫɥ
ٻȻȥЩ֮òȥ룬ʥĽǶʱ̣ûĵĹ֮ԼǿǱ˱˰
ǾҲһٻԵ磬ɸ֣ǼƿȫŪ飬һòȱȫӾٱĶҲޣûκεļֵˡ
˵ƴֻܴڻ룬˰ѽĽƴ
ӦҲΪҵ飬ҲյϢٻվü˵
ĻҾ˿϶򵥣˽ʲôܸʩǿѹҹ˼ĳعĻҪĿɾͲֻǻƿƬˣֻԼز
߰ɣٻһҹһۣΪʥ֪ҲǵĴ֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ǵȻᣬҹ˸˵Ҫȸ٣˵ĹҲ̫رǲҵ˵õģЩڻġ
ԭˡٻԳЦЦ
̾Ͷ󹦷͵ҴǰֻҪȥʱҹȴ
ʲôٻЩõ˵ҵ
Բٷˣŵļȴ˿ûãһ̵ģҵˣ˭ҲԽԺһ
ٻҹһۣҲʮָӣһΣûʲôˣҪȻҲôϸԼˡ
ҵˣҵ
û취ܣҾȻȥˡ
ָҹͳһСˤڶԷϣôϷһĻվûг֣ҹܺƢؾ˻ȥոճ˵Ҫҵ˲
ٻ̾һԷʥ겻٣ǶԷȴᶥΪԼͷҹ
ҹٻֵʱǻֵţԼҹ֮ǽԶĳʱǺܽǵϸҪʱȴַʵԶ
ҹڵĻᶥΪԼͷ
ᣡٻĽŲ֪Ҫˣȴġ۸⣬ҹһᣬ֪ᶪҲᣡ
ٻȻʶҹһ㣬ɲ֪֮䣬ȣҹľ뾹ȻôԶ
⣬˭
ٻ֪ϹץߣԼѺһʱ䣬ôͻȻðôϡŹֵͷȻڸȺҹľ룿ѵԼҲһõǸĹĺػ
뵽ѩɽǴϣǸ˿ȵļǺķһ·
ٻұ˰ˣûյϢ˵һͷ׹ˣҵļơ
ٻ̧ͷʱֻ֮⣬壬ͼҵһЩϵ˶ڣҪѶζ
ҡոյϢ취ٻһҵ˼æش
ѾϵЩͿƣʵκ˶ӾҪȻҲܵͣܰ쾩һıϡ
취룬ֻ֪ôȴ磬ô˽ɣɤԱ۵
ɩ˵ҪûûСȻϣžԵĻȨ
˿˵仰жǻٻģǹڹű˶˵ЩʲôǾͲò²ˡ
ҿûк˵ȻûסڣǶһ¼˵ɩ֪类˰ܵϢ֮ȴûеһʱ֪ͨ棬̾һ˵칫Ҽô£ѵ¶ȸ˵һ£һȴİ취¶ǴɩüǸ˱ȴҪ
Լ٣Լĵ绰ٻûбֳԾȻһģǣҲǵõҵĬȻûôҲûôĵš
Ȼľҵ˽мӣǻʲô˵ģ
ٻ˵𣿡κεȴʹһһ֮󣬴ӹ﷢
ǣٻ֪Ҳûã¶Ѿ˶Է۾ֻ⣬ⲻһͨˣЩ⣬ҲŵһʱϢ֪ͨ
⣿ǵȻúܣżּЦȴ类ɱˣͿԸ޼ɵشһˣֻǲеżˣ绹ûôѾʼ
ס죡ȴ΢΢ȳһٻ˵ô£ôһⷨ
ٻɫҲʼնûб仯ǸͲںˮ˿̿ʣ̧ͷȻ˵ʹҶң԰һƴٻȻѧһЩ䣬ǾԲңҲڷ˵Щ⣬ûеõ֮ǰҲ⹫
Ȼǹ⣡ЩЦһ
ȴһüĹ֮⣬Ӧþʥ˰ɣ
ٻһ£ǡ
Ĺ仹ʥꣿȷϵ
ʥ꣬ٻûͼ֮ǰڴϳֵļˣʵǼõ˵Ϣع⼸ͻȻճһǸŮҲǣҪõģ޷Ǿǵѣ飬һҲЩعģϱʥûеõҪĶ̾취ǵϵõЩƬҲŸʥϵϾǲǶԸعѡ
Ϣ͸¶ʥ꣬ԷֻعҴô죿ٴɣ㵽᲻õ⣬ǲȥȴ磿
˵ĻˣϼĿԾ͸ˣͻȻһİҹ߽ȫЩŭĿ⣬ö֮˸λ£һɩһ˰ѵƬ͹ȥعǣ˵ǲֶεаߣڵõ˵֮󣬾һɩŻ㱾ȥԺҵӸù
˵ĸУôģһҹָоɤӻۡ
ȥֻһ۾͵˵


216 Ҳ
֣ݣóȻңʲôԭ˰ȥ˵ҼƵİԵ
仰ڣһӰѾ̧־һҹдѨ
һҪʵˣǵؼҲñĳˣֻһͨİӹߣǿٶ˵һ仰Ļᶼûˡ
Щڴǰ֣ͨǲͬģ֮д裬ǲ̫ܵٷȥԼƵģ˵ҲΣҲôˣôı£ʱʱ̵̿ؿÿһа
ǲ̫飬Զ֮д裬ԹԸѾԼ׵ˡ
ŵȻҹʶģСҪһһͷɫ̾ͽر졣
ǡٻæҪҹݡ
΢΢һֹ̧֣˵ȥ˭˽ԴңҪһѵ
ٻףͷӹⲻѻ˵ꡣԷѾµˣ˵Ѿ˵ݶһˣΪŲڡ
ʥݣκεطʮеģ˲ʥ֮еʲôɱϾ岻֪ͬ˶ԷʥݣҪֵĻܶ¶̫ÿҲ̫˵
ڲ֪¾Ͳһˣҹ˭֪Ҳװ֪˵ȴ˹ƶԷԼ˼ԼʥˣϾʥ걻˴˵ȥҲ˰
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ֵĵؼȻ죬ôҲѲҹʶΧԷȭһɲǣҹԷ֮󻹻ʲô仯ĥð˾Ųʮˡ
ҹҲûгʲôرʽȻս֮УʤУңһжá
ҰԵԵˣԵӣһӢǬĶӣ
үүᱻҿһѣ˵ڶûɲֻһ˼ǵǵø
ȻȻǰʱ򣬿ɼȻңͲܲúýһҵĻ¯ӡ
ҹ϶Ҳ̧һȭȥȻײ϶Էġ
һʱԽԽžžҪſ͵ĻΪһŮϳ۷塣
ꡭ
ŻΪ۷ʱ̰Ѵȸˣʵ۵ҹȡ
Ҳ֪žž˶ƣҹûʲôӿɾͳܲסôεͣܰԹؽһڽԼӵġ
ȶˣҹûˤϣһԾ𣬸ոЩײٶֻмܣһͲͬˣȭ֮䣬λؼѾ˼
ҹ˿ûͣµ˼һȭһȭûлڣֱֱȥӲԷš
ǵؼҲҪԷһһƽһƵؽסԷȭͷʵп˵оԷȭ̫󣬶ǻûȫڲϵ¹֮Уоǣۡ
˴ƹǷۣͻ˵ؼ֮󣬻ûгֹ
ʱѾ˶ԷĿֲҲ֪ôȥֻúܲҡ
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æһм֮䣬Ҳûü˵꣬ͷϵųʺ
˭֪һ͵ˣҹˣ˸Уȭͷһڻǻصԭ㣬һȭǴ˸ʵʵǹҲų˴춼ûٽ
ʥ޳ҹʥĻģҲ쾩һ壬һͨĹúܡ
ҵļ˶һ£ǿ׻ɣǹάɣ
Ӧ㣬ɴС˵ôôǷӣ
ǰŰ˱ˣ˵Ǹ˺⵽ǹάˣ˵Լţ
ԭʥˣɫһ֮󣬼Լ֪ԷݵľݣֲᣬѾ̶ֳȣԺ£ǵˡ
ҹ֣ʥɲ֮ҿɫôҲʮ꣬Ǻǡ
ҲǻǸھеƣƵľΪԷǺʱǿġ
˼ԣ˵үһûˣʣЩͿҲܵʲô쾩һˡ
ԷʲôҲû˵ʲôˡ̸߾ӲˣҲֻοԼˡ
ƵҲΪԷһʥ̶꣬๧ҿҲŲСĹ塣
лҹ߹ȥĿɿڴıУһקӡ
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ٲôԼܰᶯҹڶԷץӵһ
Ϸſ֣ԹԵرһ߶ȥһҪҹøһҪָԷȥһ
ŤͷʱѾϵĲǶҹ滹һǶġİԼ治ôģոǼһһѣûƤһ̫ˣһ־Ͳ֣ǯӰ
Ҳ˵ˣʥֹ飬֪ʲô˼ۿҹµ£ѹɤʵȻǶʥˣ൱ЩϾʹҵ档
¶Ҳû˵ʥţԼ˻ȥʹ˼ʥҲȰɣԼ˱Kˣ˵˼Ҳôˣ⻰Ƥ˵óʱûôƤġ
Ϊٷ˸˵һϢٱ˽ٳˣԷҪõƬȥҹҲ£ֱӾ˵Լ⣬ʥȻܹ֮ε飬ܹܿϵعֻǻĵа䣬˭ٳ٣⳶˹ϵǶԹۡ
ŶƺǶһ׽ô˵ʥҪǰѺҸȻˣ
ǲҹŵ
ʥˣɶԷѾֻôɩһ˴ŵƬȥҪȥĻǲŻẦҴ𣿡̾ͷ
ҸոѾ˵Էĳعа䣬õ˶ɩһɱҲΪ֣ô˵ҹֱӶԷ۾뺦Ĳֻˣ
˵ûôһ£Ҫס
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217 ı
ʱ˵Ȼܴģһڣ˶ȥҹҲ⡣
Ȼλ޳СҲ˵ˣε鲻ҵ飬ñٻһȥҲȷ̫ΣգƵɫϲŭ˵һֱƽʱҹȥǾ˵ģʥҪôɡ
ҹҲ΢΢һ£û뵽ͷȻô󷽣ӵһӾͽԼϣ
Ҳһ壬ҹ׵ؾʹӦˣǾ൱ʥ˳ŵһҳʲô飬ҵһͻʥ귢ѡ
磬²׵ɣͼ˶̷ԡ
һ̧֣Щ˵ѹȥٴҹ˵ұϾҵˣҲȫܣ˵ԷҪٻһ˰ƵĻƿƬ͹ȥȥĻԷ̾ͻɣҵ˼ǣʥбҵĶϱٻʥһŵģ˵ˣ޳Сѵ֣һûܵסģʲôұ֤ҶʥɣҲȥʲô˵˵ƻŵùʥġ
ҹӾˣǰͷ˵ǸոλȻҲжҹĲǻﻰ⣬ȴĬʥȫȨҾʥ굣𣬵ǰѶӶϱ޳ʥˡ
ϱãٻ˵ǾǸˣ˸ְҵ˲̫࣬ǶӾͲһˣǻҲҵĴү
ϼһﵽ״ʲộҹֹţɲϺһͷûС
ɵ˵ĻȷһıӰӶţǰʥζ޳ȥˣһΪһȫʥꡣ
ȻȵҵĶӣҹܾΡ
ҹ֣ûһֵؿżƣֻе̫ڲˣϾԼٵϣһûӣһҲİ˭֪ʥǱ߶᲻ֻΧЩعҵأ
һССҪ󡣡ƿ˶û˵Ų
ȻҪģҹͷﷴЩ̤ʵˣ˵ɣֻҪģһȥ
ƶҹ̬Ȼ⣬˵ԷҪٻһͶҲ֪ʥôţҲȥʣֻϣڲõʱ򣬾Ҫ̫˸ڱٻߣڰУҲԽԽã¶ķҲһЩҵİȫҲһֱϡ
Ӧõġ˵֮顣
һ㣬ƽŵҪֵĻϣ޳СҲһ
Ŷҹܴһ˿ɻ
ƵĻȻ֮ͨһҪĸоʲô壬ʵǿʲô
ֻҵһ㽨飬޳СѵʵЩûпˣӦǿ˺ܶࡣƵȻЦ
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ƬȷǱˣȻѾٶȣⶫ˻ʲôʽǶҪġ
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ǣʥҲһŵùں޷ǵƬЩǣЩôƬȥȴ磬˵ǰͲôˣǹʵҲʱչԼж˵ѵƬ̰ûˣǾͲðƬ
޴˵ǰεʱƻЩοҲ˳վڹĲ⣬֪ʥ֮ϵɺ䣬ֱ˵ƶЩۣΪƬĵ⣿
ô˵ոոľǼٵģҾ˵۾һżϲ
ȿȡƲۣζˡ
ոʥСӵĻ治ӱ濴һܷʮ꣬Ҫ챻СӸţٵٷһ
ãưţֻһӣ
֪СӸǸСӣЩϵûȥشӵİ׳⣬һ䣬ҲǻӦԼֵܵĻˡ
ңǸСҹСӣ;ȵֲ񡣡
Ǿ͸ȥȺˣҲæұû£ҲᱻȳЩ
ȳЩƵȴܲİɣû£һأ˵ǵһ壬һţҲ𡣡
˭Ҳ֪⻰Ķ˵𣬵Ĵû˵Ҳʲôˡ

⵹ģ֮ҹƵĻ֮Ҳɻһ£ȻֻϺ֪꣬˵˵Ĳɣȴƫƫ˵˾治ܻ⡣
Ŀʲôõʵ޳ȥңһ𱻺
ǸﻹҪȥǸʲôǻˣĪСܴ󷽵İĿˡ
ô˵ֻҪҹ粻ȥʲôˣӿڵ
ε飬Ըٻȥһˣ֮ҹһںȴҷźţٹȥ֧ԮΧҪ˸˽ӡ
ӢǬԶʹֻ֮һεѹңʲôʱ򣬶ҪţסԼҪģ޷Ҳһ
ƺܶعĿںŲ֮ͬȴš
¶ɣʵҲ̫ȥѣҹǻΣյг̶ȣҪֻ߳ҪһʲôԣһܵĿ϶ˡ
ˣõ϶ᵱµӢۣĪСǾҹϵһҩ϶ҹܵһ߶죬ڸȻÿ죬˵Ҳ죬ҹк˵ʱ򡭡
֮ţһȥ񣬳˵ʱģ϶ԼΪߣ·һЩ
ǿɲУҶѾӦңҹȴԵıĻҲȥǲֵܷģηֲˣͻеڶΣΣҵʱ䲻࣬ûйһֱš
ʱ䲻࣬Ϊֻʱ䣬Ѿȥ˽ꡣ
ȻΪ붦ڣ൱ڵؼʵˣ˭֪Ҫòܵ켶д˵е
ɱûҵΪԽҲԽ
ԣıĻһɣʹʹһ


218 御
裬ոսʣµһ˿Ҳ˲䱻ɣģڱÿվɢһơ
īɫƶ仺ӿţȴʼնӲǲڰ
߰ɣҹ̧ͷһۣٻ˵
ȥĲֻֻ֮ˣǲܸٻߵģԷҪĿٻһˣԾҹҲôһֱ
˵ԸţȴҪ
ҹջǾԼһΪıĻôҪ쿴ôһֱȥһ棬ҲΪʶ֮ˣٻӷܶࡣ
ýţҲܵһʱ䷢ٻһһԱûΣҲ֪̾
ֻҪԷʲôģɱҪһ֮ٻɱˣǸܵġһһ֮춯ҹȴһʱ䷢֣Щû˭ñԼˡ
ԷԼõĵط쾩ƬҰɽһľïʯ鲼Ĳ֮˵Ǽˣǲһ֧ӽȥʯӶ󺣣Ҳʲôˮ
ԷȻǰԼ·ˣõ˶֮Ұɽһأһ죬˭Ҳ֪˻Ķð
Щع𣿡ٻڳʵΪʲôָо飬ƺǸعûʲôϵ
ҹһ£ҪˣҲܸоʲôıһ
㣿ٻؿһۣʲôƵģѵе⣿УҸһңû˿ϵ
ȥɣҹûлش仰ֻѶԷ³ˣģһ߲ԶΣյ£Ҿͻ֣Ҳ¶档
šٻӦһѾŲɭȥ
ʵϣڵٻһˣҲһʵʵĵؼǿߣһĵؼֲȥ
Ҳ֪Ǹصİˣǳʲôԭ򣬾ȻƬ˲֪ٻʵֻΪҵţͨƯŮһʲôŰ
ôģοɾ̫ˣҹٻʧıӰЩϷʵš
ȻԼҲûţʶһ£Ѹٵظٻȥˡ
ֺܽƻǣֻ˵һλȴû˵ĸλãҲ˵ٻȻ֪ôߣȴ֪Էʲôط֡
ԷĳطǣҲڻûоҪʱץʲôġ
Щҹĵģٻƣ˶ҪϷ
ǶԷڸƴһʼնûһֵļٻǵؼ֣ԼʵɽٶҲͨҪö࣬ѾһСʱȴûзκӰ֡
Сģ
ٻĶһЯͨ豸ҹ֮ϵӷ㡣
ǰˣòֻһҲȷԷи֣ĸ֣ҹСȴ֣֮˵
ٻͷһݣԼǵؼ֣ʥλʲôΪָ֪оԼҪǿΪ֪ʵֱȴ
ҹΪ֣صǿ϶һ൱öԸˡ
ٻһȭͷȴǰѻĺӸӽرסϹһ
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ҹٻƺҪӽ֣ȵǣʶΧһСˡ
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ˣݲҹӣ֤һ㣬˺ǿ󣬶ҸʶĹ߲һҲһ
ŵʱٻѾǰˣĿ֮䣬ƺһСƬտĿյأڿյضıԵ֣һӰϥ
ٻоԼۻһһ۾ٿȴǸӰ
ң۾̬꣬ȫǰŮ˵Ӳͬȴһָ֡
Χûκ˽ٳֻ֣Լ˯˿ûвٻĵһ
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222 ɷ
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عҪڻľʥ꣬ȫӦǽعһš
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ӢǬȫɱһһǿ϶ģΪҲҿ棬ĹعĹӢǬ򸾺˶ѡ
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ôҲҪԼ٣ݼμٲܶԵԼҹ˵
֮
˵е绰ҹһۣ̾ͳɫҪˣ


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û뵽֮ͼ켶ǿˣûģ߻и࣬СĵĹˡ
ЩϹŶֻ̫ϲǧʷ˵ǲԻһš
켶֮ϣ쾳磬㸸˵쾳Ҳ˵Ķ壬෴ֻһĿʼ˵Уһ澳ʹ˵ǲ磬֮ŵʱΣȴҡҡͷûлشңֻ˵ʵȥ飬̫ңԶˣҾȥҲδػȥϾΨһĿġ
ô˵һڣõе˵
û˵ҲЩ
̫ˣĪСȴǾϲǾȥȼٺˡ
ҶǴ˺ѾͷԾʽ˼ά治һġ
ȥҹ˵ٻ˵Ҹ׵йأҾͲܲˡ
ҪСŮˣ֮ѵ˵Ļδضģһλ֮ҷŮЩ㱣ǰӴͬ
֪ôһڣһҪȥ
ҹʱģȴǾ仰Ϊ㣬ҲҪš
ƺѾףǲĲҲһòˣ֮ûа취˶ûа취
ǣһĻ
ϵȷģȻԼеǸͷǴĶðģ

ںٻԼõĵطûеȶãԷѾ˭Ҳû˵ʲôĬһϳֱ֮ٴǰ
ٻĳúܿ죬רŹ·ߣһ복֮Уһֳ·С
ҹʶ֮ǿö࣬һɨ֪ڸ
ңҹʡ
عڹƻоǸҰ˵⣬Ĺɷ棬ҲûյʲôϢǸٻˣҲֻˡ
仰˵ٻڻӵеˣļҪǼӵĻҲԸС
šٻûжĻֻӦһȷ϶ԷĲ²⡣
󹦷򣬳ʻҰһƫƧСطһ»߷£һƤγĺõط
˵˰ɣҹɨһ飬ûٷκθٵļ
ΣңٻеģĿ˵뿪ң˵Զ뿪ط
뿪ҼǵҲ˵а취֮󣬾뿪ҲԣҹʣУ˵Ҹ׵йأô£
Ҹңҹ֪һڣﲻһе˶ߣţǹ䣬ߣ켶ǲĽɫٻ˵ֻ֪һص㣬ɾڣҹĸûи
磿ҹ˳ʵʵ˵Ѿˣޣһ̽Ǹڣһȴ뾡һа취ѡҹ׺Զֻһ֪Ȼ㣬ˡ
ҪңֻΪҽһ뿪ĻᡣٻȻ
ǿ㻹㿼ǵһȻֻһ⣬Ӧúġ
Һܾ֮ǰѾˣҵĶӶֻһ裬ٻϱ͸ǰˣܸҾӪҵ֮⣬ΨһãǸѹʵٴñӡ
ٻߣܻôһôĻͲͬأٻʱȻô򵥡
ûаϢңٻ΢΢ͷ˿סգֻ֮ǰҰϢݸңҵõϢ֮󣬻ߣ
ҹû롣
ڱٻһ˵ôһ¶
ǽˣ⽻׵ĿɲһƷʲôģȥ֮ٻʲôҲûˡ
أҰٻߣô֤ԷϢɢˣΪ˰ȫһְ취ǰٻԶңһְ취
һˣһŰ˼˼ȣһȽҹ;Լʵ̫ˡ
ϢĸңҰʲôҹʡ
ҵǸڣ뿪Ҫи˰ҡٻֱӵ
ǺǣôΣҰҹ˵
ݸٻҲ㲻϶ϤԷȻѲĸҵϢⱾе׶ء
˺ܾòѡ˵ٻĵ̾˿ʵѾҲκһ԰ҵˣҹѣϢ˵͵ǻˡ
ɡǣǿҲ˾ãŮ˵ȷǺܿڹؼʱ̣һ˵˶ûˡ
ǰϢ׵жలȫԷ˵׼̾ͻȥڣ֪֪ͨͨԼŮһԼȥˡ
ҵŮҹһֱоġ
ʥˣ˵ȱҪɿһЩٻϣ㣬ֻǾ϶ӮĿԴһЩ


227 ׷ж
ٻ˼ҹԼһ˸ȥǸصĵص㣬һǸڸҳ
̾ͱ֮ˣ˵ٻŮ˲ܹţôҹһ˸ȥգ
ûУǲȦף˭Ҳûа취˵顣
ȻڿٻûʲôҹĶǴǰʱ򣬴ֺγΪҾɱأ
ʵС˵棬Խòܵ飬ƫƫͷǰ֮վԱ߹Ц̡
бҪģΪԷ֪ǸڵĻȥһ޴ʧ
߶ڽţٻֻһӦҹһڻ쾩뿪ȻһǸȥ
ٻҪҹ뿪쾩Ӵ֮ǸʱڣҲҹҲҪ֪ڵǼ٣ΪʲôҪɱйߡ
̸֮ʲôΣֻǺѡ
ٻһһܵҵļӣȻҹʱò˦ˣҪ뿪쾩Ļɲһ׵飬ֻҹ취ˡ
Լǵؼ֣ҪĶҷһǾԶҵġ
ص֮ٻ̾ͽҵһ飬Ϊҹ̸ʱ䲢Ҳûʲôýġ
ƾٻɫҪƸոû˵ĶӴñĻ㲻ҸܴսСʱ۵ľУҲһӶֲ˵˻
򵥵ض˼䣬¶ˡû뵽ҹλٷ˾Ȼһ˷ǽˡ
ҵıڹҲǳصģоͿһĻƵʱ򣬲ûͷӸ
һҲˣַǽô£ǰʱ̫̣ûôţ
ץץһҪϳͣ
ҿû˽ϰףȻĻٻҪһ¡
ٻ˼ţѾ֪Լ˷֣û취ڵһʮСʱصøͰһֻӬ֪Ҳ֮ҹԭˡ
Ҳ׼֮̾˳ҹĳӶǷõģһź䵽ףʮʱѾܵûӰ
ҲѡʱҪһ飬ѡһ°߷ӣǾ֩Ŀקſᳵӵó쾩ȥ
ҵҲٶȣҲǸ׵ģֻЩ׷ж£뾡һа취׷ٻ
³ɣҵĺɩӣֵҿҹҪȥĶǰ汻һСܳмֵ⣬ҪҪ
ȢٻֵܵıˣôŮ˵ҪǼ޸Ļģϸö˶ĿƫƫøǸǻ磬ٻֲۣǿܴ
ո˵ҿƨˣҲûʲô˵ĸоϾôѾϰû˵ĴڸˣԭųʲˣϾˮû뵽ٻǲ˦
¶ۣǿģҵĵλҪʵɩӸˣүҲǿԼ¶ǹȥˡ
ɹؼٻǰûȴۿһ£һƵȥ豭м
һĻɶವģ治ҪǿģһСģĳҪĶҲҪּңӴ˾Ҳᵰˡ
ڿɺãץòɩӷǽȥ͵飬ǺǣԼԲȴҪ˳ԣŮûУ
˰죬ӻǾͣٻһҪ˼ûУˡ
֮䣬Ϳǳӻζһһ££ԽԽ졭
̵ģԹŮҲ̫޳ˣԼˣȻҵ
޳̶ֳܵȣȥˣ走Ǹ
ץس˹ȥѳɵˡ
ˣ
òˣһһ¡ޣһǰţһںţֻ˶ƴλһһ
Ƕؿ룬ڱǸë
㵰°³ԼòãаʻλҲܲˬ˭˳ţ
Լ
һʱЩ㱣Ǹˣѵһ·쭣ַָӲܣѵΪԳ٣
֮ǰǸŮأʵ
Ůˣؿһۣû𣿱˵СҸٰ
ҿҲ˧ģһɣ˵֣ϳ
㡭ţȥԳæˡ
û취ųƾþɳǶǸŮˣɲ뱻
һˣۿǳֻȴҲûж࿴һ۵ؾˡ
ְһεġ׷ȡжǿ˺ܴ˼ģû뵽ǱԷԼƤˣôʹأ
ʱ׷˻Ѵ򿪣кţ˧磬绰£пһ
һϣŶһŲȵףͲûײǽˡ
ȵһ˳ûˣʻ˲źǺЦЦƵؿųʻ쾩
ȥٷˣҹʵ
ЦһЦ˺һ˿̵ﻹһˣ͸ոӳٻܻ
ǰɡҹҲûдȥϸܡ
ٻƺʣվסˡ
һ·϶ҹ𿪳ٻŵͼָŷֻٻ츳·滹̫һЩ˾Ҫͷͷͷ
ܸܲ˵ܵʱĺòãҹЩƵ˵
ΪԸͷ͸ˣ޲ԭؾٻҲûԲˣ塣
ͲˣܲܰĿĵֱӸңǺýʡһʱ䣬ҹʶȤؾܾ˴ı֣ŲҵĻǾͲҺˡ
Ŀǡٻԥһ£㲻ƭҵǰɣ
˵뿪һѾҵٷˣҪǮûǮҪɫûɫƭʲôãҹ
˵ĵҲǣٻ΢ɲصͷͻȻӦҪɫûɫ
úúãɫûɫģҾԲ̰ͼɫҿᶼƯˡҹʵڵ˵
ٻ鴤һ£û˵ʲô
ĿĵǺɽͨȡһ֮˵
˭֪䣬ҹ̾һɲȥһĨ΢ЦֻߴңĿĵѾ֪ڵͷ
ʲôٻɫҰס
ʲô㻹ҹǹЦݻڼͼõ˴


228 ɽͨ
ò˵ٻһҵŮˣӼųʱ򣬾һֻԼܿöֻͼҹǰ֪ĿλãӶˡ
ЧҲǺģһ·ϣ˵ҹ֮ûҪȥĶԼҲתˡ
һֱҹ׷ʵʱ򣬲ǰ𰸸˵
ҲΪˣɽ쾩ĵطٻȻָŴңһ·Ͻʡʮɽǰš

֮鲻ӢǬʥķ֮飬ӢǬ֮£Ĵʡ
ֻǵһ֮һжױʷڣʷڱתӿɹǣתʷҪӢǬĶΪҪ
֮ڵ鳤ѾԵ뷨ΨһԸѾɣһԸǰӢǬ飬ֽҹ
ţʲôʱҹ֣鳤λøӹȥһоˡ
ڻУΪЩ鷳ûнȷ˵ɵǸڹûץ
ЩҲӰĺ飬ϾһжˣǸڹ֪ԷҲҪ¶ŵʱˡ
ҲΪǸڣųȥӢǬĻڵѾȻ˻֪ò˶ãԷһϢĻǿǸҲѾˡ
ҪҹһȥģȴסûгС
ڵӢǬѾֻҹõĴգ˵ϼҲӢǬ飬սõ˿սС飬ټĸ˿սȥ
һ仰ڵֻҪ㿴еģǸ˾Ҫ롣
ʵҲǷϻӢǬսһֱս¼ûĸ˲Ըġ
ȻһԺ϶ҲҪΡ
֮£ôģܿͰ̸ҹҲǸСȥǴһᣬЩСһһ¡
壬мˣһ°ɡвҲ֮û˶У˭ƹһء
żСܸսӢǬڵʱҲһй֮ʱӢǬȲĸˣҲûпŵֱ̬ĳɾ͡
ر⼸жѶȫߣֱս񻰰
ȻǶ߹ͣ鹦֮һҵָжϣֻ֮Լ⼸ε飬ʵ΢΢˹ؼõģǸģ޳һĪҹ
ǼλѣǵĿ飬ʲôʱССֵĵ߿Ƽˡ֮Ҳ˸ԷЦ
ⶫǰУֻϲⶫ
ɲͨĶλŷǷܡвһԼĳɹˣʱӵ˵
ȷǺܸ߼¼¼ˢ΢ޣûУԱĹܶˣ֮һ仰ɱǸλ
ôõĶ㶼Ҫ˵ûиǰڻĽ׶ΣĿǰŵֻгз飬ס˵һԳзôܵȥˣȥϽ𣿡
֮ô˵ҲչȥȻֶԷλþ쾩ȴ쾩
ȥϽִ񣿡֮ʡ
ǰ֪ЩˣΪʲôԸöλˣһкġԹš
Գз粻֪װ˶λܸ֮оЩ
ЩεΪʵ飬װԱ棬ûü
ûüûüüҲ׼ߣҪȻǸ÷ˡ
ȥĶôóźɽȥˣԳзҲǵġһ߶ʾϵֵһ߶СرԹš
ž
֮һưӶĵһ飬Ťͷһˡ
ҡԷȻѾˡ

Ŀ֮ҹ˺ܿ͵˺ɽĵؽУѳӶһδȻһ˱һʼɽ
ɽɽ˵ǴոʱһɽһѶϵսΪҲһЩϹŵ񻰴˵λսʱ򣬰ѵ˵б۵ģͺĿһ
ɽʱҹȷǸоһЩͬһĵطӳһЩҲû̫ͻĵط
ľֲʮïʢҲ֪ûйϵôһѰɽҲһ鷳ûа취Զĵط
ͨĶҹʡ
ң˭ȥٻû
֤Ůϲ֣Ϊǲ֪ĿĶҲԹĿȫûĿĵطĻǻ˻ûġ
ɲǼ˾ҷųĵطϢҹԼλñһ£ȴûôҶŹ
ǵطһڣֻҪסˣҪɽĻ󲿷ǻᱻֵġ
õӦһ̾͸һ𾯽Ȼҹ˼
ڿ˵ǺҪĶȻ˳ٻˣ˭֪ǲǱ˽ƾͼƣһڵģ
ĻԷ϶Ҳطõĵصˡ
ҹڵʵؼ۷廹ҪһЩֻһܴﵽ붦۷壬Ҳ켶ΪٻҲʲôĴС㣬ؼʵ׵ġ
˵ٶȶ̽Ҳܿ죬ҵһɽȡ˵ģɽڲ̫ԶӦþˡ
Ҷ˵ʲôҹʵɽҲСһʯͷһʯͷȥĻǾҵӶˣҲðǸҳ
˵ڴһʯͷٻص
ҹ۹ȥȫôǴʯͷһûеĵضҡ
û˵Ǵʯͷʲôص㣿ҹʡ
ɽҿʯͷʵڲʲô⣬һûصʯͷʵеЦ
ص㣿ٻҲ֪ûмסû˵ԵЩãȻصƾǡر󡭡
ðɣȻûбģҹҲֻýͰصˡ
˰СʱҲûͷӬһʯͷ˰Сʱ֮ҹͦסˣͳֻѯõǱߵ
ûǾ͹ɣҹ˵ţкûɽҲҵˣھţ
绰£ʮʱ䣬õѾٸϹ
޳壬ĸڣĪСʵǿǹϵļ֮ء
ڴһʯͷҹظٻĻ
һǰĿҲĴţòеడ
ɽģҹһӣƣͬ־ǣǵʱˣǵǰûʲôǲܿ˷ģҪϣûѴҲҪϣɽÿһʯͷҷһЪȿˮ


229 ʯ
Ц㣬Ҫɣǿɲġõǧʯͷһˡ
޳壬֧㣬ĪСվҹһ߶ģھ֧㡣
ҸħŮһҲᶨ
ʵ̫ѡٻʱ˵һ䲻̫ʵڵĻ
ʥ꾹Ȼ˼أҹҲܸжٻ˵ҪҲ֧㣿
ٻûǿЦɫ˵˵˼ǣÿʯͷῪ鿴˵ǿڵʯͷϣ϶ͨ˸͸оֻߣǷƣܽȥֻҪҵĵطͺˣֻܿǸЧԶ˻ҲֻҪһ£ӦǿģҪʶ֮ﵽһĳ̶ȡ
˵ҹ̾˿˽Ҳûˣ¶˭ʶ֮ǿء
֮£ҹֻתʶ֮Щĵɨһ飬ʲôûио
ֻİ취һʯͷһʯͷˡ
ҹûй̫ãֻǰ˼ʮ׵ʱͻȻ֮оһǿҵϸȥ׽ʱȴͻȻˡ
йŹ֣ҹ̾עĿҲŸոԴĵطɨȥ
ǵطֻһͺͺʯڣʲôûУ⿴пʯͷı׼
ҹոҪ߿ʱȻһܵˣȻûϴεǿǻоú
ţһǻþʹôһȷĿҲ֮ϸش
һ濴ʯڣʵɽ壬ֻɽһɽڸϵļɽ仰˵һʯͷʯͷеùԴ˭ûаʯͷ
Ȼǹ󰡣ҹпţҲң˵˵һ
ɣٻҲȵ
Ҳҹ֮£оʲôˡ
û˵ⷨôƷҹվǿ޴ʯǰתͷٻʵ
ûУٻҡҡͷҲǸոշֵģΪӢǬûаڵλøͨһЩƶϳģûüһ£˸Ͳ֪ôƣеϢǴ˵ĵеõġ
ĻͱȽѰˡҹҲüˡ
֮󣬴ӱҹʯݺһͿ˹ȥ
ˡ
ʯϣһ㵭İ׹ɢҹֶˣʯȴһۼûС
ʯͷҹȡ
ҹз̶ǱȽģһӡӶû£е
ҲϤ󣬵˵һ㷨ҪƻȽѣǾͨˣڣܰѷƳˡٻ˵취ѷģͻ᲻ơ
ô˵ֻɿˣҹѴҶһ飬֮⣬ûһϣġ
㾫ͨ󣿡ĪСȵ
Ҿͨԣҹ̹Ȼ
ԣȻǳԵˣսôһôʲôɣ˵ѡȥĲ̫Ҫһ취ˣǿġ
˵ţҹѾѰҹһʯϡ
ãһҪҹ̾͸о˾޴
ⲻǱĶǵѩǰһʯš
εıһλҪǴֻһջǱе˲ٵĺôΪǰ˲٣֮ǿ󣬾ȻҲֲܿĸо
ô£õһԾҪҹ
ңҹǾֵؽе˶ԶһԽԶԽã
ӴҶǾһ£ҹϲЦ˭óԲڿЦֻΣգŻ˼ȵذѴҶ
壡ĪСȴǲһеҪǰ
õȴһץסȥȥֻҡ
ҲҹİΣ֪һֻ˭ﲻҳܾҹĻѾСеؾˣҹɲΪӲҪˡ
˶ɲָӣʮһκκҪ֮ڡҹڽŶţһȫתս
ʯȻǹŹаŵúܣ֮ҲܰѹߵˣһʯͷģȻֱҪѪ⣡
ʯ
ҹֻ뵽ôһ֣˫ְĲûһսǻһߣһ֣Ҳֻбʯͷȥ³
ˡ
Ǿʯ洫һ΢ĲڲϼӴקҹȡ
ҹоǰһ޴ĴʯԼһεסŬҪѣʼճζǿ
õ˶ɫţҹĸ첲һȥӶҪʯȥ
Ҷ֪ζʲôʲô
ÿ˵ȭͷ߬ýģԼûݼŵĿƺÿ˶Ϊҹȫļ⡣
õ̲סǰ̤һṳ̂ڶҹѾˣ˭ɲҲܻȥչˣ֪˭
Ҳܣ飬ԼõֻԼ۾Щģˡ
ܣҹûظ˵һ仰ǵͻȻһͻȻԼֽܲˣͻȻǾʯȻЦŷǶǱ
ʱѾʶǲˡ
һֱҶ˳һûҲа첻顣ҲûĿһĻʱǶܡ
ʱ򣬡һԲӲǻ˲ǳ˵һ̣ûۿ޳ߵһ̣ޱң
õ˶ǻһݣոȫעҹϣȻûע⵽˿
תͷʱǸǺݺݾһ£ʮˣ˿̾ҲֻжʮףǾȻûκε
Ĺعһˣһģȴĸ֡
ʮУһõŲѷ۷ʵܸߣ
Χˣƫƫʱ
ҹһƬ䣬ѾЩɻþȫٻķȥ
ߵˣпܻ𣿲ҹһٸһţõĪСһǿԹѣǴ𰸾ֻٻˡ
ʱٻҲ֪ûʶͻȻʮعŵûȥҹķ


230 
ֻҹ뵽õʱѾܵطӦԶٻķŲһעţֹͻȻ֡
顭
õˣ˦֮ǹ
ʵǸǹϵĻ治˵ʲôģϾ似ǹʱֶѲ
ɴûʧõһξȻҲʧˡ
˶ӵһûжֻֻѸٲףӵϣֻһۼû£͵䵽ϲ֪ȥˡ

ܶӵˣҲȱȽǣһ˵УȻûκ˰Ѹոǹһ£׼ɱĿ꣬һһݣɫѾΣ˵ԷʵܱûҪߣ
ߣҹûиĻֻѸٵõǺһ
ʵ̫ǿͲõܶԸġ
ǰԵЩع¶ǹϣⷽ漸ûùõһΣһǹ˶ûУ˵ԷǹһѾ˲мǹʵˡ
ˣһģõ취һ£һðһѣҲôడ
Ҳţ
õ˲ִ֣κ˶ûа취ϧûг֣һϣǹžһأһƬϵɫѸš
жæ֣Ƕӡһ
ꡭ
һƿգǶ룬ѾˣԷٶ̫죬ûҹֱ̬ʶ

һϸ죬뾹Ȼ䣬ٻǰһõ˵ĸǰ
ҹõ˶ˣոտٻֵʱѾҪˣû뵽ǾȻǾˡ
ýƴˣĪС̧ǹ
ƺǷһмЦЩǿ׼ҹѾû˷Ҫǵһ
ǹʱ򣬶Ҳٴη˹ӵܶùȥķͲһˡ

λ͵͵һǣö뾹Ȼˣβٻ֣ǱӵУ߶һ˵ϡ
еûü˵ͨ͵ڵϣ˭ùòǵطһĿϡ
˸£ǹ𣿡عŭʡ
ҡҲίѾýˣ˭֪Ǳԩġ
˿ĿڣںزסѪԼ֪Ȼһǹ
ӵķײƫˣ䵽عϡһ㣬ɣ໥ģԷӵҲһƫˣԲᱻеվλǹȫС
ˣɸù˭ڵڵϣޱȰûСʱεʱûкú
Ҳûһ£и޹أøСħŮԣСħŮǿģ
ߣǳԴأҹŴҡ
ڶԷûзлᣬӵɽȥҲǿ
ٻҹȴŮˣҹȹķϣǣ
ǲԼȣʯͷѾԽԽǱקʯϣҪʯһ
̫ˣͻȻϿյĳִһصҲѲµʵٷİɣ
õ˶Ȼתͷȥٻ
Էȴɫ԰ף΢΢صͷ
Գз磬ĬƬ֮ٻ̧ͷָŶ滹ʣµʮعô£㾹Ȼһ𣿡
벻ףԳзôǻˣõڵܣɾȻعһҲ̫ˡ
ѾˣǵļƻѾɹˣΪʲôҪһȺûôҲ
ǺǣôҲҲǸϣŰӢǬˣҲѡһƮȻǷȣȻִζ
ֻζһ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
Գз磿õȴ𾪵ԸӣʥǰȻعһԸǣ治֪ңʥ곤
˲֪ȴԳзʥӢǬķ˵ʥֻҪӢǬзڣ㹻Ѵ
ȻӢǬս׿ƺǰ˵ķȥˣҲûټǵôǰӢǬз˵ʵҲǵõʥϿɵġӢǬ鸲֮ʥһֱڣз鶼Ժųʥһ顣
ɲ㿴ô󣬶ҼˣϧˡĪСһ߶οţСħŮһô͸״
ߣԳзߵذϵĺڲ˵ʲôʥô꣬ҵõʲôǰӢǬǱһͷɺѾˣ˻ǾҪĻǿһٱҾǿҲŪӢǬбǿһٱʵ˭ҵ·Ҿ˭ȥ߻Ȫ·
ʵҪô˵ҲֿģĪСƺЩͬˣ˵Ҳ̫һĶǿһٱô࣬߰ʮУ̫۸ˡ
ԳзǰҲûо֪ɲͬˣǰ仹ˡ
Գз磬ΪЩͲϧʥ꣬һıӢǬһˣõҲֱӵܺߣϴʱûڣû뵽һΣȴǿһˣã㵱ɣأЩﵲ·Ҫһ˺
ֻܹӢǬɣԳз¶һȻЦݣͲκεʷˣߣҪλҵٷˣҪɱǵҲǶЩæѡ
õתͷȥٻô˵Ҫˣҵ治֪ڵʥӢǬ飬ﵲҵ·ӣ
ôģ˵ǸСģٻû˵ԳзѾӹͷĿǴ˼ֵ⣬ʵ˵СӸӢǬЩ񣬾ûЩٹЩʱҲҪСӢǬҲˣһСӵߡ
õûԳз磬ֻǶٻԷܷܽŮ˵ɫ԰׵
٣˲Գз޳ܣЩıżֵ⡣
Բ𡭡ٻò̧ͷЩѵ˵ҡòô
ٻ˭Ϊô˵һ£˾ͲԹ㣿ԳзЩؿŶԷҲòŮˣƵúǰܱƵɱЩ˸𣬷Ҿûа취㣬Ҳ벻ڱõʱ򣬻̸ңǺǣŮˣҺϲ֮ҵŮˣȻỤ㡣
ٻȭͷȻս뵽Էڿ֮ԣû뵽һ䷨
ǣٻõˣͻȻĹعһָɱЩˣҾʹӦ


231 
ֻҪڣңѾûҪһٻƺѸٵתʲôֺ֮αں˵ʲôֻҪɱЩعҾˣڡ
ԳзЦָٻٻ̫߿Լˣڻʸ̸Բ
Щ˶ҪҲñ֪ӢǬйأκ˶֪ӢǬ󻹱˵ϵ£޽УԳзƾʲôһѣƾʲôЩ˱ҪһԳз˵ѾתǼعλã˵ǣ֪ЩʲôǸ֮еľ˵Ҫͷ۵ӢǬ͸ǣΪЩ˻æ
Ҳףڵ飬Ӧ֮еأ㾹ȻṰְøЩˣٻʵ벻ͨԳзҪʲô
Ǻǣ㵱ȻףԳзƺѾ뵽Щع֮Уһ˵ļ򣬡Ǹ޳СҶɱҶǸдĻҲҲǸڵĻҪԸɾͻôһЩ˲Сġ
ѾҪˣҲѾҵЩ˻𣿡ٻȻ
õƺЩˣٻ֮ԻѴʵҪҪҹʶֻ֮ҵڡ
жΪвȣжٻԼ뷨Щǲ̫˵һ㣬Ů˴һʼ֪߹ҹǸ󣬾ɵĽ
ٻȷݶ˵ûҵвȣҹֻô򵥡
ڣԶ뿪ңĿģĿ֮⣬Ůһ滰ûˡ
ȻãԳзǺЦţϾͻ֪
ͻȻ֮䣬عϵƱצһ˾УѾԳзһƣҲŷżʮףһͷײǿڵľʯϡ

ҲǸ֣ȻײʯͷҲûȥɽţԼȻһʯͷˣϵѪⶼϵɽȥ
ҵľԲΪк֣ܶؿԼһ㱻ɣйһһڰԵŷ˵ʹ࣬ҵ顣
Ĺع벻ͻȻ飬벻Գз֮䣬Լߵ˾ȻûС
֮Ըƾκһʵʥ겼µһƭ֣ȫ׵ģڲףǻǸ߹Լ͹˶ֵʵ
һߴţ̾Ϳʼ
Щ˵ȷͨĽɫеһһǸˣеֶܸ֣β
Ĺعȫ𣬶Щ˻ҵΪֶΣ֮ǰЩܱȵġ
ɾǷôˣȻǵвԳз磡
ٵΪֹԳзһ˺ûУعȴֱԳзץסᣬӵǸʯһ
ֻҪһʯڵˣ̾ͱʯͷɣǱߴ㹻Щսеľսˡ
߰ɣٻͻȻõ˵ߣ
Գз˼Ҳ³һЩ˵ⷨҪ㹻ĸѪŻƿԳзĹعӢǬĳޣӢǬһεݣȡ˶ԷΣЩӢ֮еľӢƭȴҪ㹻ĸǸڷι
Ȼпܻһƣ֮ĹعԳзҲʧˣõЩٱɱ⣬Ҳû֪ݡ
˵ʱһǸ˫ĴӢۣںɽһ˶սʮعսԷȫ𣬶ԼҲ֪ӴԳзĴӢǬҪ
ΪͿԼԼ𣿡õΪжԭɫЩѿ
ҲʲôٻĿüᶨһжעģûбѡ񡣡
ǺǣҸ˵ƨɣҹڲŷ֣Լһʱٻ˵˾仰Ȼ˶ĻӾ㿴ʲôע
ʱһع˹˲ҽʱҹҲͻȻһ
ٻõĿɿڴ֮У޴ʯڶҵزҹʯ֮䷺Ŀİ׹⡣
䡭
УһӰɳغ󣬺ݺѪ
ȿȡӾģΪעðҹһȻǱɿȴûʲôˡ
ҹõɳ
ҹ磡ȥ
壡ĪСҲ˹ȥ
ҹһƿ˸ŮʿȲ֪
õһ˽˻ĪҲＷشõط
ҹҲ˲ϺЩʲôץסõѸתѸոշӡĶضճ
ۡ
ǳˣҹȴһѪˣû¶ո˵ˣ¸
ƶ죬õŷ
ȥɱǣ˿ٻתͷҪǱ߶սȦȥ
ɱëǹҧڲʲôʱߣҹһקס
Ǳ߶˿ɶʲô򵥻ɫûԳз춼ɱ
Գзǵؼ۷壬ĵؼ۷壡
ٻոûжǶɱģҲɱ㣬ҹתͷٻ˵һ仰ھϣǺڣ
ٻȻʲôҲ˵ֻɵɵؿǰˣոգӺҪըһȫ˼άһͷҹҹ
ʱҹȴѾתˣѸٵسԶȥ
ߣûôףԳзͻȻɱ˹
ʥǰӢǬǰȻҲڷ߶仯ˡ
ҲЩʲô֪ڷͷӢǬ޳ǵӢǬĶҹǳɺޣּӸ³ôҹˣΪɰĹعߡ
˭ˣӢ۶ˣֻһʥİࡣ
ⲻļƻƻеٻܸ֣һԸõЩˣ˭֪Ů˰·Ȼ˱ʣջ
ɼȡʱҲǺԥѡɱҹ
ͰɣȻѾⲻˣǾͰ֮˵ĶӸҲһ׮¡
ǿߣҹһԳз磬Ҳ֪˲öԸæԸˣȥ֪ͨ磡
ҹ𣬻֮ײԳзĵϡ
һҹɣ³һѪ
ҹˣѾ޷˵سȥ
ҹˣǱԳзˣ֮ǰʯѵʱ򣬾Ѿˣֻһֱǿûôҿ
ոմĻȫˣһ˶ϺĻ
۾ѪɫγһѶ̵Գз翳ȥ
ԳзһҹʱͻȻͷָĵҪһ֣ĴȥҹҲԻɡ
ֽֿƫĵſһ̣˴򸶶ĺ
һûзһɹҵشԳзĿڡ


232 ͵鲻ɷ
ԳзˣԷһöСӣʽõøǲ֪ƫƫٶȴǼ죬Ҳòȥһ¡
׻һؼ۷壬ǿòһһͬʱһڶԷؿڡ
岻ܿƵطɵȥһѶ̵ȴǺԥѷԳз硣
ԳзǵһֻӬһȻҧΧתȴķС
ʱ䣬Сڲһеĸҹȡʱ䣡
ҹˣǴǰľߴң˶ҹ˵ǲʲôֻҪһʱ䣬ֻҪһͻǸ޳
֪ƴԳзȻҲ֪ķ
ʧκһʱ䣬˷ԼѪһ
ҹ켶ֶɱıֻ̬֪㹻ˡ
֮԰ĹعҲһΪûаԼһ˶ԸҹֻһЩԷĳˡ
ڸٷˣҲֻһһߵᣬ㹻Сһʱˡ
Ķ̵֮󣬽һתֱȡҹ
顭
ӵǷֲһõĪСͬʱ֪Լ֣ȥ޼£ֻѡǹ
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ǹõĵϻˣȴһ˲Գз硣Ҳѹ֣Ĺع֮еľҲһ취ûС
ȻҲжԷٺûϵԭ򣬵Ҳ㹻Գзʵжôֲ
ӵûˣԳзЦһˢһҹͷնȥ
ͻȻıһɱ⼸ǱܵķӦžڽµҹֻҪһȥԷ̾ͻûƫƫܡ
ɱǿңֻ֪ԼֻҪһɲǣܾܿͻ
ʱԳзԲжʧ󣬼ǶҲ٣ջ񵲶ȥ
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һնĽϣЩơ
ԳзƤ˶Щŭٻ㷢ʲô裬Ҫɱ
ٻش۾ͻȻ֮Ǳɱۻ֮䣬һһУԳзնȥֱҪѶԷʬˡ
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㲻ɱٻҡͷҲɱھ߰ɣ
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˵ģֻ˵ʶ֮ҵ֮⣬ǻбԭҲûȥʡ
Ǹһոɱõ֣ѪƷŪˣԼɱҹȻţѰ㣿
ɱңҹ޳зֱ
Գз˵˽ʲôֶɱȻҹĻ͸ɱˡ
ǣðž޴ķôһ֣ɹ˾ѹӢǬܳûӢǬĶӣôļƲߡ
ŪģѪƷûˣѹӢǬĳӢûˣʥҲȥˣҹɱֻ˵ڣ
ҪҪŮôջʥԼĵһ鳤
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˵ڣѪƷûˣҲ֪ûУڽȥǱƷ
ŮˡŮˡ
ԽԽҪŮ˸˺ˣԳзŽٻɱȥ
ٻԴԳзҲ˿ⲻ⣬ʵ࣬ԳзľҲԶٻߵö࣬οʵһЩࡣ
Գзнƣһаٻˣһڣȴֵҹĸǰ
õæҹܣĪСһҪ嵲ǰ档
ٳһٳһ
˵ﶼҹܾվӡֻҪվŵģһж˵ˡ
ۡ
ԳзĽڴȥٶȵǰȴٻ
ļһƬ죬ȴѾоһԳз磬˵Ѫʱ仹룬֮ǰѪ˷ˣٲߣȥ
ߣôһûѪԳзҪ˶ɱˡ
ٻȻ֣һץס˽΢֮䣬ǰѽ̴жۡ
Գз벻⣬ĶϽҲȻٻȥһȴǴࡣ
ʲôӣЩѾҪˣȻŮ˲͵飬͸ɴ౨һѣקŮһʮ¥ȥɡ
ꡭ
һֻ̽˹ǯһץסǰѶϽһ߹
ԳзʵһҲĹͷ
ҹԳзǸްҹȻĻָˣͲܶһ
ǰǣٻһԸҹЩգڿɺãٻҹһ߶ģؿ汣ˣ֤ûɶᡣ
Գз磬㻹ߣҹչƣǵѪ˿ڣۿɼٶš
ҹһֱڣٻƺȷҲԼЩʲô
ΪƾǾңԳз˵ʱѾѰź˵·
ټأ֮һ糾֮ɫհɽ½󴵵졣
Գзû³һѪҪ
һҹٻѾͷ۵ˣ֮ûʲô֣
ö˵ˣ˶˵ʲôֻ˷ѿˮֻһѪߣܰζԹƽ
ԳзҲˣıһӣҪץһ˫գû뵽ҲûҲûֻǰԼˡ
֮ȻҲˣҾͲЩСƽʲôеһս𣿡ԳзŨŨĲмӵ굽ڵģ˵ʥһң˵һһ˶ƤӣӢǬС֮⣬ʲôŲϣãСҲֻһ˻ˡ
ãҾ͸һ֮ɫ䣬ȴǴӦ˶ԷҪ󣬡㲻ּǶûô
û𣿿ɴҿģȴ֮ܲǵҪԷˡ
ûʲôɶԸôһ޳ˣǴΧȥһ
ˣ
õҪ˵ʲôҹȴѾ֣ȥս֮Գз硣
õһʲôЩĵҹȥɶԷȴʲôҲ
ֻͣĪСûûεظ֮һһǹġ
⻰˵ãڳ˶ĸηһ


233 ȫǷ
֮ǷЦǶҪ֣죬ҾԳз翴ϣıƶһ飬ҲҪСϡ
˵λ˲͵ԳзǰеİѾһŰ׹⣬Ӱ׹סˡ
ս˲£ѷʤĳ档
ҪҪˣõҹʵ
Σաҹ
õĬȻڵԳзΪҹǻָˣԴǴ֮ȱڣһлᣬǶԷͻܡ
ҹöֻ֣ҪվԳз˵һв־޴ѹɻʵӰ죬ҶԷʱϮ
ҹһߣԷ̾ͻףҹʵһ״̬ԭҹԶԷûˣѹȫ֮ȥ
ͱԳзΪôһ㣬ѹ֮ذɣ
ô죿õ
ҵԵģҹ
õһۣģҹ˵滰ҪԵ
ꡭ
Ӱ˲ֿ϶ЩǱѪۣԵģŶϽԳз羹Ȼռ˱ˣ֮ϵѪҪһЩ
ʲôƨİһѶϽϣӢǬ͸ĵ̯ԳзָŶԷһϵһİЦ
֮ȴ˿Ϊ⣺Ҿ㿴ʵ
Գзһ£ʵ˵㻹ûгȫŻ˭أ
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Գз罣һ㣬̾ͰɵɣʵҲô
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ˢ
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ԳзȻľȷûпֶ֮ΣҲӽնһ
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Գз粻ҲˡͨĽնƣǶ̺ŵؼĽǲֵܵסʲô
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Գзˣû뵽֮ܰƵ̶ֳȡ
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ԳзͻȻȫͻȻ׶ԷҪʲô
ӣǷӣһȫôǷӣ
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ۡ
֦Ҳôһʱ䣬⻹ûд̵֮ϣЩ֦Ѿ´Գз磬ȫһˡ
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ԳзոǱֵսܸԻˣܸоǻŵ֦֮ƵģһԼæ
ʵǣԷæ෴֮ʼնûжרŶŵѶϽأ
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ԳзһϱһС
Ҫһ֦ϣһȴǶϵóף֮Ҳȥ
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ԳзͬʱԳзҲͬ
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ۡ
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ţҹתͷʱһȦ˶ˡ
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235 סҰ
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ǰúˬYE˶Ҫˣ۵ĻӦǴΪͨȣһȫˣ


237 
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ôأûʲô˵ģǾͲô˶ˡάЦ
֪ҹҿ˿ƺЩء
άһһͷֳˣæϲصͷȤ֪һ¡
ܵصʵǡҹսԷһЩ˵רſǵܡ
Ŷ
ûʲô˵ģ˵˸û˵һ
ʵ㲻˵ҲʲôˣЩ㻹˵ҹЦ
ʲôάЦеţԼûз֣Щˡ
ǺǡҹҲЦһ£ֻЦһɣǲźܶܶݡ
ǸάͻȻоԷ죬ȻкܴѹһЩ飬Ե㡣
ǲУҹݵľͷˣǵ˸ոߣųȥһְץô죿ɣ죬ôҲҿ㣬Ȼôĸ㶫أ
Ҳİ
άܲԸɿԷӣ߲ˣԥʵԣ𣿡


238 ̬ĲҪ
ܾĳ칫һˣһֵܾĳعңҵ㣬ȴ˭Ҳ˵൱졣
άһһԼߣ׹ֳܾߣӦǱңֵܾĴ¥Է϶µҪ
ǲðԼ֪Էô͸γôѹġ
Ҫ䣿
άʵڼֲסˣ۾оڿԼ
ͻȻоûʲôĵˡҹҡͷ
ˣɡ
ҪҵܣάƤ
ʱ绰ҹɫʶ֮˻άȻ֮ж˸صһ˶صϡ
õѾ˰ȫĵط绰˵
ô𣿡ҹüͷĶ
硭硭ڿõͻȻһ£ߣұˡ
绰һӶˣҲ㹻˵Ƿʲô顣
ҹվɫصؿŴάĴ㲻ˡ
Ҳô˵άı˽ҴˣҲûʲôصģҲûʲôѹղЩаĸоӦ̫ŵԭɣֻǵ㲻öѣֻҪڰ˵õĶǣһǿԱ֤Ƕŵġ
ţҹ¶ɫҵ֪׼ôţ
ǵȻܱǸֻǹ֮ˣάЦЦ㲻õģиߣܰһм䶼ĨеҲᱻĻյøɸɾʱ׹Ǻܶ˶飬ŶȻҿԴӦ㣬λòС㣬ӣģεĻǾԻõġ
Ҳأҹüë
ǻģάЦúܲãոλ绰С㣬Ҳ֪᲻ΣգЩܱ֤ˡ
ҳϣҵ͹ǣҹ̾˿ðɣҾһΣҪĶǡ
ܺãҾ֪޳һȷѡ񡣡άѾ׼õֽʣݵҹǰ
ڵһУջԭʼķʽ¼յġ
Щҹȴ⵽ſڡ
Ҫôάʡ
ȻһôҾʲôҲ˰ɣҹǵŰɣҾͲˣ԰ҵͬ˰ɣ
˵ʲôάɫȻԷҲһֱˣˣ˵ǵ
ˣڵոʱʲô𣿡ҹųЦ⿴Է治֪һ£Ϊ˶𣿡
ȻΪ˶壬άܸ֣õ֮ҹȷԼİȫȻ˳õ⣬ϧʧܡ
ȻûʧܣҲʲôĹۣҹ˼ҲǸûѵ⽻
һεңһεϷĿǰΪֹάԼռϷģ˵֮ʬ嶼ƿ֮С
ò⣬ܰѴɱĹع޳ˣҲǴһ
Ѿûʲô˵ˡ
ά⻰û˵꣬Ѿһֻ֡
ûп˵ˣ˵Ҳ˵άҲ֪Էû뵽ԼһûС
ڶԷѸ٣ΪعʻǺǿģؼʱ̣һûлţɱңͬҲֻñҸңŵĻ
ꡭ
Էû˵ţֻ˴άһ߹ǡ
һͷŲعάȵǣԷ߹ǵĶ
һֻһָһûһ߹ѾԵضˡ
άͷð˺۵ģҲнŵģֲҶԹԵؾ޳ԸոյұʾܱǸϾá
ҹģһֻǹϢƮ׼ҹͷ
άҪȻ޳ûեֵԼһ߹ǣԼȴһս֮УıռϷ磬һ֮Ĺعͷ۵޳ɻǹ£
ۡ
ǹȻ΢Ҳ㹻ҹע⡣ôڶԷͷϵǹڣܶȥɣܡ
֮󣬴άԼϵѪ棬ܣ
˵Ѿˣ㲻ţҪҵıǹҹŶԷĲӣ㲻֪ҵܾǱ۾𣿡
۾άһ㶣Ҳһ鱨ϱܾ֣һش鱨һŵĻ
˵Ľƻ⻰𣿻᲻һµ壿άΪţȫȻûע⵽Ӧҹħ֮󣬲ֵȥǵ⡣
ӲȥģǿҲߣ˵һˣʥȫҲδؾӵóȥҹһ߹֮󣬴άѹԼ˵ʲô
ô֪ûӳȥҹɫƽؿĿģΪսһ£ȫǿҲߣһǴߣͨˣȻ治㣬Ϊɱֻ֮еˡ
㡭άԼûÿ˵ˣԷѾˣҾģвǲǰ׳գɵñԼѵҲԼͬǸС㣬һ뿪׹ص߰ɣ
ܱǸֻһˣˣҸĹޣǸһȥҹЩһЦš
˶ûУʥҵĶЩʲôˣеѰˡ
ӲģӲ²ҪģοҹڲֻǲҪǸ̬ĲҪҲˣͲԼͬ
˵вȥΣ۱˰ɵӶԸһοôƯһ
Щ˵
ά˼ŵʱѾЩԾͻȻԼǴͷ£ҹһ·ڳߡ
ôȥ֤ĺףⱲӶٳһëˡ
˲ȥʲôάоλú;룬Լǿܣǽһء
⻬ǽͻȻ򿪼СӶӵ
Ȼ𣿡
άΪԼƵúܺãȴҹƵ˵һ䡣
ӵ𣿷㹻˵ˣ
һôһ۾Ϳģ
Ĵȥ룬Ϊһ֮ҹеʴάֵס˵ʩͦ˼ģһ߶ӵһ߶ҩǹ˼ʹܵأ
άѪʲôãֻûۣҩһˣҪȻΪʲôȥƷðƻҪظ桭
ܾЩڲȫʩԵ˵ģЩߣûõϣΪǲ˭ôܹͣЩһֱǣԶ޷ʹõ
û뵽βˣҵһãȻԼ˱ˣ


239 
ܾ֣Ҫųȥ𣿡
άԼŵʱͻȻ˵
̫ˣʤԼźòŮˡ
찡ذԼˣ
ԣܾ֣Լĵ̶ΪֹռžϷģάοš
ͷһϷռģһѪҸûеĵطѡ
˵ЩѪҹԼϵģ᲻ԵԼһЩάͷʱš
ǻᣬ϶һᣡˣôԼͬʿǣѪҹģԼԷţͷµ¡
òеѣˣ
˵ܾ֣Ӧʲôҹͣ½ŲŶԷĸˣǻжˣΪʲôһŲ񫰡
ϣһ˵һȥ׳˶˼Ĵ˵Ĺͷʱ֪ٶˣҲֻ˷Ѷѡ
ԭҲϲ˵Ĺͷǵİһһᰡҹ˵һһһǫõƣҪ˵ĹͷԲź
ά棬ԼϷռģôͳȥˡ
ô죿뵱ģɸ벻Ͳģ˭Ժأ
ſǸ׳˵
Ŷ𣿡ҹһԴ࣬˼
ن£һñҪҡ׳˶Ȼ
άζӳ£˼˵⻰ҲǾӦĴмʲôСñҡǶͷͷĥƤôôͲˣôͲˣ
˵Һ񲻴šҹ˵ѾһȭǸ׳˴ȥ
һȭȺٶ֮󣬲ֻǶǸ׳ļһЦˣԱô׳ͬҲЦˡ
̶ֳȵˣȻһӰĸ˶ټСˣ
Сġάһ֪Ҫ㡣
ոյʱҲ˼Ϸ硱һֱռڣûֱ
⻰ô˵Ҳûк꣬Ǹ׳ļһѾž޴ɰȭͷҹ
һȭǾ޴άֻоĹͷһ
ֵ׳һ£һȭôˬ󶨾һʱôĶˣ
άѾˣոһ仰Լģ走֪ҹҪƣǶ㲻˰СģСĸӣ
ߵ屾ҲʮǿκθոǸߵȭͷǿ˿ҪܣǻһѪҪ³ȴ鴤ž²
ŻŻάظŻµĶ
ǡҹȻܹУͬ𣿡
ɱˡҰɡάˣҹ
ǳһֶôİöԷðΣֻΪĥһͨ
Ҿ˵ңɲףҹ˵һ䣬ѾˣҾһ̡
άͻȻ֮оڵڷӿˮĵײһӣ޴ѹˮйȥһ
ʱάףҹֲܣǱһֻ۾ʲôģ˵һֻ۾¶۾ܸܰߣ۾ûܶ
ϧ޴鱨һӶͲȥˡ
Ů˼ѹûд㵱ţոǾǸһ񣬶һתͷ˼Ѿȥžžžˡ
ֻһ飬ĸ˷ҪپѾˣҹûɶԷְѴάĲϡ
Ŵάʬ壬ĸعЩĸоǵǵ汻ɱģ˵ֻܾ᲻鱻Ƕ̧ͷ
Ҫһ⽴׳λͻȻǴһȦⶼţƤڽԳʯͷ
ˣǶһ֮󣬻ζһԴȭͷͿǵȭͷ˽󣬷Ѿˡ
ǡҹҲɻһ£ϣоߵȴֲͨˣͻȻһˣ
˺ͻĽϣĳĲϣ˸һĻηǹ롭ֵԶͨĹܱȵ˵ġ
׹ǿƼǰصĴֶȻƳжǾ͵ҪԹ˲֪
ǵϴͨȵʱһ׵ˣǸ˵ԭֻ࣬ҪԸ⣬ҲӦÿԴֻס
ҹЩ˵жٵĻɷ֣Ǹ׳ĹѾˣ׾һȻȹġ
顭
ӲӲҹϰߵսʽ
ɴûгԹҹȻԷһȭ˺üȭͷҲо˻ʹС
ţܰҹ̾š
һʯͷ֮󣬾ȻӲȲĳ̶ˣβôֱˡ
ϧҹҲڣǰѵܲеöʯͷ
⵱ڣʯͷսʿѾŴ󲽳ҹȻ׾ٶһ
ˣҲñʯͷսʿٶȣҹ···ͨͨҪɰڶ
ҹҲ룬Ťͷͳ·Ǹ˳ȥڸոճʯͷսʿĿ֮ѾЩˡ
ʯͷսʿô벻һ㣬һЦ֮󣬸һ·Ľ伷ѹȥ
ʱҹָĸӲˣһȻֱ˼
ҹˣǰѾûκοͻƵĵطֻԭشص
ٶȼ죬ҹһˣӰһ͸һȭ;Ȼһ䣬ָ˽צҹȥ
һҪץˣǰҹץɡ
ҹʯͷսʿ˿Ҳϵҹ޴ʯͷȭҲһȭҹĺѴȥ
䡭顭ꡭ
һ˵൱ʣϻ˾̾ѣΨһвǽ
˾Ȼһצײʯͷսʿʯͷȭϣ˵Ӧǲµģ˵ĲϻܸȽһЩ
ʵĽǣʯͷսʿʯʤʯͷӲȺʤ˸ˣ˵ֻܲ鲻Ըضˡ
ҹأĸƣƣΪҪһץסˣһתۣСһѣԼȴûӰˡ
ֻ˰룬˾Ϳҹʲôطˣʯͷսʿ̫Ҳ֪̾ҹֻ
Ϊҹ֪ʲôʱת󣬴˿סܶĸȵСȣһ
顭
һнľλ˵ֵܣһʯͷսʿͷ˸˵°ϡ
ȭͷȭͷ֮ӲȶԱȣһЩײû˿˵ͷһмͷ߰ؿȸһ߸ֻ߰ϧǸ߰һͿƨˡ
ҹ˿ͣ٣޴ıȥ


240 õ
ֲϲ˵ĹͷӲȳ󰡣ҹһž޴ġսһ߶š
ʯͷսʿҲ֪ԼǲǸýһ£ģ治뵱Ӱ
κСǱҹȣȴôҲۿһѾԼҵñˣҲҵöᣬȫûл֮ҲǺΣ˭ܾôôӲأ
˵ٶȶҪҹӦʱ򣬳嵽ԷǰԷһǲ̫ܵġ
ҹǱֻ۾һǰ֪ǴҪĸλãȻѡսһӣһĻȥ
һΣսʱ򣬱ԹĲǶ̫ǿǶ̫ǿԼоù졣
˵ǰôûҪλʯͷֵսأһ޵дɱ
ڱҹĵڵϣȻûа֣һһһֱ𴷴ǡ
һʼʱʯͷսʿڴŭҹǵڵʱѾԼݡһĴ󴸣ԺǳĬͰȵԼְ
ܵĽԴԼͬĲȥôĽͲɣֻһ󴸶ѣôҾôҰɣ£
ѾһϢҹŰʯͷսʿˤϣһŲڶԷıϣû
ʵ֤ҹˣʯͷսʿѾ˴󴸵ĽɫκԴվǴ󴸣ʮ·ʩչһ֮ѾҲűţ¶Ѿֲˡ
أҹֻʣһĸˡ
أǵأ˵ﶼ˴ʺš
ڵĵװĶҹʵ
˿ˣǸˣǽӽعĴڣĲֻлᶯʵޣǱڵҲӦǵġ
ոҪһԭҹȴѾЩͷˣ˵һƣ˺Ҹ˹ȥ
һ֣սһתڵԴԴϵӿҹ
ȻҲԣһϢ
ҹЩսȻҲкܴģֻߵĻߵˣͿԼָս
ԷкܶĸˣûգҪսȥɾЩˡ
ʼʱû뵽⣬ҲˣЩϵȻҲյĶȻƷʺܲԶߣʱҹҲ˲ʳˡ
ϵոɾ֮ҹֻصʯͷսʿߣһﵽڶûתҲء
ܿ죬ʯͷսʿͱҵĿ־廽ˣһոɾ֮ٴͨһͷ˯˹ȥ
Ӵ岻ûʯӲȣͬʱҲС˲٣һǿ׳ˡ
ʱҹѾñʱҪӾ棬Ҫһ
תҹܾȥ
ļƻǣõ֮֮취ɱȥ
ʱֻõÿ֮װߣȴûõʵϾһЩҲֵܾ
ûа취ˣֻһ·ɱȥõȳ
־ܣȻ󻻵õƽ붼֪ǲܵ顣
Ŀǰõ᲻һعץ֮˵ļֵԶԶȲϻŵʱ򡣸οԼûõԼһˣȻ˽޳ˣǾΪ˵õ޳ϢҲõ
ҹڲܰܣֻõŻᰲȻһٳʲôĻһоĽˡ
ҪҹոתʱѾҪˣϿһλŮ
ٶ̫ˣҹ˿ȣֻܾô˵ĻǲŻ֣ҶΪոĸг𣬹֮󣬲ŸϹġ
𣿡ԶƽǽϷһһݵˣ˿һЮõһǹͷҿǼƺûɣҲʡǶλŮɱ֣Բԣǲ̸һ̸벻ҳǿԺɡ
ȷˣһԸú̸һ̸ҹָõ
ԣô֪ûг⣿Ц˵
ˣκûдܾѾ㹻˵ǵĳˣֻǸдά˺ʧѾӦҵ飬ȴַڣǰץȲõģ㿴ֻǰǸάɱ˶ѣҹָһǱ߶άʬ壬ֿһʯͷսʿҶϾǵģŶԼɱģӦòҵͷϰɣ
ᣬΪǿǵع󴸣һһعͷ㻹˵Լڧģ
ãΪ֮ǰʾǸôһΣά֮ǰ̸õλŮ֮뿪Ҳĳŵѵô˵
˵𣿡ҹʡ
Ҳ˵Ļе
Ҳ̫ŵùҹʶ̽ΧһС
ȻҲܵġ
һγ֮ΪǶɥȻǲһ˵ĴʵãôֲܳҾ磿
ڶγõץڼĻûа취õȻԼҲҪ
ⲻҪģҪõҪ֮Ҳߣһ٣
ðɣΪ˱ʾҵĳ⣬ھλСصߣһЩ˰ɣȺǴ󷽵һ
زصҵʵû̫ãʵҲֻܳΪҵ׸ҹ˶Էһۣ仰˵ҲģҪг⣬֮ʥ꣬ʥܲһһ绰Ҿĳˡ
Щˡ
һ˵ĵطŪʥܲŪˣôҲõصʥܲȥǾͷˡ
˵ˣŮ˷ҲûʲôɹؼҹһͲһõˣǷһŮˣҲװѵ˵ҲʹάǸɵΪԷдµ⡣
˵ҹǲѧ⣿
һǰȷŻ߰ɣλСҲðȫһЩֻһεľٶõȻǰһƣҹȥ
ôûɣҹɨ˶Էһ۵
ȥ治ôںŮˣҪȻҲ仰ɡ
ҵȡ·ˡõǵڵϣƺǺܼѣȴôҲվ
ǳĸһ׸ҹٿһֻۣܿε߹ȥְõһҪơ
º͵Цһ£İɣ˵òأֻҪһʱ䣬϶ͿԻָˣ㲻õġ
ҵĵĲֻǱȽϵǹж졣ҹ˵ͻȻһõʱơ


241 в
Ҳû뵽һĻΪҹõ䵭ֻǱһαװԼˣúס
ʥ˽⣬£ӦǰŮ˵Լȥӵס
û뵽ǣҹûڷӵĵһʱ䣬õ棬ѶԷơ
Ҳ̾ûмô޳ܵʥԱ
ͬʱҲھȣʩչĻȻʶˣΪŮ˷ĵ£ҹǷֲ˻ܷһǹ
ӵ׼׼شõϣҲֻݴʱˡ
û°ɣҹһõǹ̰ѶԷƽڵϣҸѹ
ȭͷһӣһõλá
ȶˣ޳Ů˵ж
ˣõΪŭӶŤҵŤŤţͱһˣǸеġ
Բۣô󹦷㾹Ȼˣҹ˵ţѾһȭڶԷϣֲвŮġ
һȭڱ˵ϣſ裬ڼ仹һЩӨˮ顢Ѫ顣
ű˻ûзֱҹקţһƲޣԼǰһѪٴα֡
ȳʧˣΪֻһĻڿԷѾõȴʮյñ˽ӽΪһعܣֱղŵعս֮ͬ
Ӷֵĺʲôȱκ˶һʧܵʱѾһʱҪˡ
ǵɿţֻҪ˼ܽУҹıٴҲκβˡ
߲ˣŸոһͱҹǸعܸϣֱѹ
ǹɡҹͻȻ˵
ȻûŪףԷڸ˭˵ͻȻմӵ
顭
ǡޱȾȣҹȻп˼ά
λãعΪ͵Ϯҹ׼ģȫҪȶԷ֮ٳ֣ԾǸոձ˱ʹʱǶûжһ̵ֱڡ
ٿ̸ƨ˼ҿ϶֪ҶԷ㹻һ߷ˡ
عܲʧЧˣһҹƣȷ̫𺳣Ǵǰֻ֪޳ҲЩо˴־Ӷ࣬ڲ֪֮ǰõЩϢǴùˣݵû
ֱǱ̬
㿴ؼߣƤӲÿʯͷսʿĿ䲻סƭˡ
Уô߱ͨˣôãΪʲôƣ̬û¶
ֲûþߣȻսһǿ󣬵Ǿȴһ߸ǿ仰˵ӱһתÿöࡣ
һ߶ŵʱѾǽǵ
ҹҲûָһӰѶԷȫߣعķ㲻ʲôܣֻԼǿʶԷʩǿľѹȣöԷòԼָӡ
Ч֮ǰڴάҪȻҲᷢܰҪƸ࣬ҲЩͺһһȻܣҪȶԷϺܶſԣȻֻһƣȫܶԹ߹в
Ų֮Ҳûͼȥ׷ϣһ֮ץعץԭΡ
ڶԷָ֮ǰѾĹƷ
˱ѾҲűˣȻҲӲ˱ɵ³
Ψһֵҵǣҹֻǵܣȴûаǵոˡ
޳Ӳߵģܾ֣ΪƾԼһ˵ܴ߳ȥ𣿡ȵ˷ȻԷû棬ǶڶԷĳ豸ڸҹԻ
һҲ˲ᣬȻǹûдҪҲܵˡ
ɲٳҹǰһԷֻܺˡ
ǵǶһЩ˰ﲻǺųߣҲǿ˺սҰɣҹѾоԼΪôȥܾܿ͵˽ʱ̡
ﵽ붦۷壬ǾǸһļ൱ڹ켶ĻܾҲȥ硣
һ֮ǰ켶ʵǾõȥԷ̸ʲôֻԼһֱӴˡ
ڰõҲȻмƻϵʧе͹ֵԭ򣬵ʵ׻ʵûдﵽ
޳㲻ҪΪԼܴߵóȥܾ֣ҲǼϵȽķϵͳķɲֻǴ⵽ڣҲͬǴڵ⣬ֵܾˣٳʱ䣬ҲߵóȥЦȻ㲻ϸǺǾɣҿǲһԲԲȣ߲ݵĳˣ
ǲ뵽һܼƲߣ뵽ʱڵΪʲôܳȥֱҹֱˣʲô
ȻͨˣԸǺֻҪѵд֤֮󣬿ǸŮ뿪ҾԲʳԡȺƵ˵˾ԼŵĻ
ҹɵһʧԷȻٸˣֵǣôô٣ְܾ
ΪֹһֻһġŸߣǰѸҲˣȻĻŸ
ôһ̾Щʲô
ŸȻ࣬ЩǾеľһŸˣ֮ǰڻʮ˼Ҫǿöࡣ
Ÿ˸ոǸ֮⣬κһ˵սȵؼ֣Ǹʯͷսʿܴﵽؼڵʵܵı̬ԳзˣҲ̫ɡ
ֲֻܾЩعͬоţعɲǹŶﲻãһֵûС
عҪôִһʱ֮ҲôΧԼҪץҲͨعֲӾӶࡣ
ȻԺҹԷֻˣҲһֱԼ˳ԣ˵ֻҪҵ֮ͬߣҾͰǵǣȻĻ͵׹ֳܾ׸ɣеʱ
ĬȻȾ̸еλõߵˣռλõӦҹȻЩ˵ǡвˣ
ƺ̫߹ԼУҲò㣬ȵٴ𣬡ͬҲǵ֮ͬ
ˣƺûʲô̸ˣҹ˶ԷĻΪ֮ΪͿвҵĻ̫ˣ֮ǰǸάһɣҲˣΪҼŭңῴһһֵܾɱһٶԸ㣬治֪ܾ֪ԭָܾĻǻôԸ㣿


242 ڷ
ȱ˵úһĿܾΪԼһ仰𣬶վ̨Ͻܾ·ͥʱ龰һ
ŬȶԼһߺӪþĸ֣˿оԷֻǸżͷڲ֪Ӱһ
˵̫ǿˣҿոûͼȥ߶ԷҪȻڵѲˣ϶Լ
㲻ɱ⻰˵ֱ׳ȴЩȱˡ
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䡭䡭
ڽöڵ˳ܾͨȥʱӳЩۣҲֻһ˲顣
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ͻȻͫŴ󣬻û˵꣬ѾӲտȥ


243 ޳
Ȼû˵꣬ѾһͷȥҲԼǴͷϻǳˡ
ȥһ֮һöڵ׼׼ػзɻϣŻӿһŮɢĽҲմ⣬ϴ
йء
ȼֱûа취Լ飬һողǻڳһӦñǸѹǽǰôת۾Ѿ߶
ѹǽƽˣǵʱѾʼôܳģ
ЩѾҪˣҪǽô죿
ȻԼһ߶ܵסˣȻڴЩͨʿƾѹ
ƾĶۣô͵ĻǰһŸߣĨɱˣҲӦò¡ԼŸܸܲ޳Ⱥţ⣬һⰡ
ʵ𰸺ܼ򵥣ܻȺŵĻھͲֻԼһվˡ
ҲվŵģˣһֱӾˤ˹غ«
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ŶҲеģǻֱļʻԱ˵Ҳһعͬʱ˵ľǴǷɻعֽвȣʱˤøһűѾԱٳ
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Ժ᲻ٳ֡ħŮˡɲˡСˡ
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ʱڻʥAҲʮַŭӡ
ûУ֪֪ӰжӣAʹжĶӣһˣǹƥܾһأһ˾֮еľڻѹȽսӡ

ʥĳԱǶ㿴ңҿ㣬AҪҪأ˵ǡù죡
Aڷʲôһʼʹ⣺֪ʥ໵Ӱ𣿡
ԺӦû˸˰ɣСӦһ䡣
š
СǴҶǹߣǶôܱͨȵϣһʱ˶ƵƵͷ仰İ
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ⳡA֮УڵŶƴŽнˡ

ʮȥˣ޳ûץȺܻ߳صļع޶ץߣȵٳֵʱѾԣҲû˴ǰܡ
ʮ죬һʮУͼߣҲάּģһģЩҹǰûκεĵֿ
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ܾһֱڹ˼ԼӣȴЩߣͨߵİȫĻ̻֮£˭ҳܾ֣
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ѹ
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ɶǸ޳ڵһεܻصĴֱ֮󣬾ͱСĽûҲ潻棬ƺǴĳʱڣһֱƳλս
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û뵽ҹصֵֻܾ֣ûգ
ֵܾˣԷȷǺææɱǵ
⼸ûɱʲôˣΪѹû˸ҳȥˡԭΪԷᵣĵӣӲҲҪǾڿ˸ͲںʲôӲӵġ
˵ҲǣعҪܵԣܵ
ع֮ţֵܾˣ˼Ҿûôһ¶
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Ϊ֪޳һرŮѣ飬ûκμ¼ġ
ʥ꣬ҹһعֺܾ֮γûһعֻ֮һ֮ǰڣһֱǵɱﵣҪֱܾɱ
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޳ɱﵱ¶£Ҳֵõġңɱ޳֮ɱﵱȻɾµعܾ֮֮ǰӣӦǿˡ


244 
ҹ񣬵һعʷɱʷϵ񻰡
ûһعɱ֣ŵ̶ֳȣڽɱ˵Ƿϳ˶ع֮ûѡһ˵ԭȴȻǿƵػܾΧһɱһһԣɱһ˫ļơ
ֵܾȻûзǶֶΣ̺ʽѲˣȴһôûС
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൱裬һ֮󣬾̻ͨȺ֮Уټûʲôص㣬һ˵׸
ҹһˣʶֻҪ˶ԷϢûиһ˵ˡ
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顭
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ȻƭˣҹҲһ£벻Լʶϸ۲֮£ΣյϢпʱ
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ȫһ߶ĺᣬ˲Ѿ۷ĺ˹ôҲû뵽Լᱻӡ
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ŭŭһ취ûУֻܿҹһȭһȭøлӵްһͲˡ

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վڵ·һֻҪԷһֻͶҲѹְ
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ںòҵôһɳôúúðϧһ£
˹ڱ˰ưĿĻ棬ûӿѾˣ走ô


245 
䡭
˹μ֮УͻȻңԶĵطһ죬һ֮̾ף֧Ԯˡ
̫ˣ˹֧ԮǰһЩ֧ͨԮᱻӺˣʱȴصȴ֧Ԯ١
ۿڻ˵ķҪһɱ˹ȴһ£Ǵһ˿οڿˣ
ҹףԸԼģֻһ˹ѣԷһܰסĸ֣ĺǼЩִػϡ
ȷҹǿҲػڻﰲȻ£Ȼܲסȴÿһ˲סѲǾ൱Σˡ

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һʼлᣬֱܻ˵Ҳ̫ʵʱȥʱѾˡ
ȽҵǣȻһɱ˹ɺ˹ڵҲͲɾĿģҹҪӣǴ´ġ
ݰţǶٸǺú
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֮ҹ͸һٱ
һУԶǧֹʽ˺޵ۡͲعɱֲŶԣ
䡭
ڵҲֻһööڵҹͺ˹ڵ򶼸ˡ
ҹҲǰԾ׹ΪԼɷѿİ
Ҳ֣һ˿׹˵ָܾˣ׹ĵ˾ûȫ¾񲿶ӶΧ¶̫ҹ϶ˡ
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ڻ죬Ƕҹ˵ȴһûӰٶȡ˿أȴظоȫڣ֮յشһƬƬƬĽ϶;޴Ļ˳ıһͨ
Ȼûа취ȫˣҪ˵ˣҲֻС˶ѣ˲ĸҹǿˡ
κһؼ۷ߣҹ̶ȣΪԷʵҹ࣬ûʶ֮ѡʵ·һҪڻ
׹ƼǿػҲǿһƬ򣬼ܵ޲ĵ̺ʽըԷ˹ǸԼ˶׼Źġ
ҹһ߶̾׹˵ĺһ߶ȴѾڻıԵλá
㻹𣿡ͻȻһҹ
ҹȫһݣ˵ĳ֣ʶȻûз֣
ҲΪԭæٴʶ֮ǸλãڷһȫĻˡ
㾹ȻûҹѾϳˣ֮ǰԼսڻĺ˹
ǣ˹ûΣյĸоղǿˡ
ȷе˵ǿǶԷʵѾҹһֽҵѹȸС
ǱɽϵĻѩһӶʼڻ¶˺˹ͷϰ
ҵĴºˣ¶ȫεĺ˹мֵؿҹԶȥÿһΣҵʵͻһлһĽڣȥˡ
𣿡ҹľȴֻǸոһӶѣһξǿһΣĻڼɱĻոͲᱻôˣ
ᵽ¶˹ɫ̾ͱͨŭһȥ۴ܻ棬ҹĹȥ
ҹҴ⣬ڵĺ˹ʵȸղǿһѾ۸ˣҶԷһһ֮䣬ӯѸò񻰣Ų̤֮䣬嶼Ҫһ޽ӽ켶ʵˡ
ǶԷȫʵ˵ԷѾ켶ֻΪʵոͻƣûкƿءǰ߻ãҪǺߵĻֻҪʵĥһ£ɾɱˡ
ԷɱȻҲܰģⱾ׹Ŀġ
˹˵һξһʵҹ̫ţոպ˹ȷһΣȻʵˡ
Ӧĳƣ޵ģҹ˵ڼɱ޵ˣȻܡ
ʲôҹȴո׹ڻ޼ɵغըȻ֪˹ʵ
˹ٱը᲻˵һʵЩҹûаա
Ҳ˹ƾڶõʱ֮ڣһαҲֻǻܵʲôͷȷ˵һα֮ʵ½һΡ
ҹܸһҹԼҪһΣǿǵһһˡ
ҹ۶ˣȻȲǾͲܸӲ
һʱҹҶ㣬һֻҪǸ˹ôôױ򷢵Ȼճҩһ
˵ĵǣڻһֱûͣ£Ȼ̺ʽը˴򶷳ء
ڵڻոܼ࣬׹ΧȦţҪҹ׵ذڽڵ俾ڶĽӡ
ҹòȫԼʶһһεضڻĳΪ˵ĺ˹ȴ˲٣ֻҪסҹһŰѴ󲿷ֵĳ˹ȥ
øϵϵģķӦҲǼ죬ѾҲʮһεġ
ԽԽ죬ŻӰƬںﲻƶţ𣬶ûа취Ķڸǡ
ٵƶͽ֣ΧĻ涼һӿһƵĻС
䡭
ڻͣΧĴںը֮ΧһȦ翸ͲĳսЩһźͺըľ롣
ȻǼԶһЩټĻƱһؾ޴в
Ȼ׹һʱ޷̫ػеԿҪİ취ЩͲȻ󣬵ŵڷ㼯ᣬҸӻڻ̺ը֮϶Ծѹ֮£ֻҪԷˣͲը
ҹһʿҲΣˣ߲ʵڲǺð취
ܰǿˣǰõ֮ȥ˰
ϧҹϣеڵĻԸ˹ҪһЩٲöԷô
һ̣ȻЩذõò̫İҹˡ
ԣҹͻȻԼʵûþǰ̣һǿᣬֻҪӲ˶ѶԷѪһʶ֮ʲôȵһ
أǿ̫ãԷһǿʶ֮ʶ֮ȫڶڻˣ
ҹһ䣬ȫȻٹעһУȴһξͱ䲻ˣ
ʶڻ᲻򵽣ǾͿɣ


246 ĺ˹
ҹʶ֮Ȼǿ󣬵Σյ£Ҳ޷ĶãڱڻҹͬʱܰԼ仹ں˹ָǰѶȲһô
ҹȴ֪ôȥȵһȺʿߵ˹ΧĴֻڸһٱ
ҧ֮£ȫȻ˳ĵ̺ʽڻ𹥻ȻԼ
Ӳ˵񣬸ոܸŶԷĲߣż壬ҲɶȥڶԷһӲˣ⻹ô㣿
ûôǿıʶҪܼڻʮָɾǼǲܵ顣
ں˹Ҳ൱һؼ۷壬޽ӽ켶ĹߣҹʵУʶǸͲһεġ
˹ˣûоֳѵҪһΣ
˵һιȻҹ²ҲƵȥ۷ʱһΣͨͻ˱һڣûеϣǸոͻƹһ֮󣬽Ǿˡ
Σ񣬾Իᱻڳ
ʵҲٽһҪۣɲġ
ĴУֻҪѭ򽥽ȥܵõһǿʵһƳû뵽Լɳһ̨׵ʵûа취ҹҪʧ䣬һ⡣
˹̾һɲѡģʵϣһҹ֮һĨڣҲ֪Ҫȥ㣬ܼڻû˿Ҫͣ˼
ڻ̺ը£ûһܵ˼·ǵȴģҲֻһˡ
ոһαĺܸмԼһڻ𣬿ɻûйӣԼڻ̬Ѿ˱Թˡ
˵ôʲô
˹֪ǣҹ֮һ飬Ƕ㵽˺˹
Ҳһһˣ֮ǰ˹ôճҹţҹʶ֮մ˲ٵڻ𣬶ڣҹһ֮̾һڵ˺˹󣬰һɿĵơ
ܶȥܼڻ
ȻܣΪ˹ǸԼ㲻ȥҹҲ˹㲻㲻Ƕ֮ٶһƣڻͽȥİɡ
ۡ
˹ѾˣȻɲ֪Ķ㰡ôܼڻ͵Ƭ֮䣬ûҹʶ֮ܵÿ죬Ǳһڵеģܻᱻ巢ڵһС
ں˹Ķ֮ˡ
ǲһӾһ̩ȻûȫҪҲ㹻һˡ
ҹأ˺˹ˡ֧֮ڱ̵ֻһ˺

˹ĸ֪ҲһǴ֮̾ͷ˶㵽ҹҵһʱԷչ
ǷһزˣԾƹˤɣ
ҹʱɲˣ֮ǰΪһʱ㲻סڻȥҵҲܲסڲһˣѾˣҪҹʱ򻹸㲻ĻǾǸˣ
ҹһ֮䣬Ѿָǰͬʱʶ֮֮ǰһΪڻ̡
ʵԼû뵽һʶȻô䲻ЧȻҲЩڵģǺ˹һ̩ҹûڵ
ҹǶӮˣүһվһ߶ոһ˵ʲôð취
˹ԻûзӦʶ֮ǰҹϣΪԷһֱҪŬڻķΧǰ尡
һ壬ֱˣҹʲôʵǺ˹һΣ֮ҲֻԱҹǿһѡ
ɲҪˣڵĺ˹ɲȫʢ״̬ǱԼҵڵʻˣʱҹ̬ȣĶռϷ硣
һֱӾͱҹˡ
㲻ҪôͻȻһ״̬䣬˸Լˣ
һת֮󣬺˹ףԷǸģΪڵԼѾĲ˼ˣֻУѾĵ˵ϣĵѪ
˹ﶸȻһ׳ĸоҪˣȻһ̫죬ҲЩʧվֵõģ
ҹɱܴﵽĿֵˣֻҪܴĿ꣬ٽһԼ˭ٴֻҪСһĵز
ʱع֮һߵκ˶ҪԼĽ£
һ룬һҲһ͸øҹôˡ
ôοԼ˹Ѿȫ˵ֿ
ʵϣҲֿˡȻԼѧˡ
ʱ̣ɾߵʱٰ̣ɣ
˹ĬĬţȴǹԵĻ棬Լһʥʱ̡
ǶݵģҲģɡǲЩˣ
˹ΪԼܿͻᱻҹɱֻǱڵըǵ˿һˣȴûʲô仯ô£ԷĥʲôΪʲôԼ
۵ʱͿҹȣٵڻ֮Ӵţֻһεķȴղǡǡ෴
̫ƻˣ֪ЩͲսʿ֮󣬿϶һʱչ˸ոǸǿǵӰҲըһԲϧһĶԽߣոǸԶĵطȥͻơ
һɶĵطܾܰɣΪʲôҪԼأԼԭرը𣿻һɱҰ
˹ߵţ϶һ仯ûУô
Ŷ˵仯еģһ·ڵĥţ·ҪĥˣƤҲ˺ۣɡ̫Զ
˹Ҳ̲סˣҹ
ҹͷͷǰܣʱܼ£ʱҪһȦӣɼʱŬرܿڻ𣬳ջͷ˶Էһֱۣôôأ
⻰˵ú
˹̲ס˸£ͬ־ɣ
ӣҹԽڻӦòʲô£ӵˣһɱһյСÿ춼
йء
뵽Щ˹ڲˣʼȲ
Ҫǳ龰ôëع֮ëߣ
˹ڷˡ
ģһĲ˾ͻƾ磬Ҳܻš
ҹǾ仰Щ飬ˣҲⲻ˵ġ
йййء
˹Сĸζ´ˣһﲻǶʬҲȤɣ
ҪҪ뾡һа취ҲҪڶԷĵط
˹ʼӵǸҹЩ鷳ϾԷҲʵģֻΪ֮ǰһ˷ҹϵʮ˳֡
ʱҲЩˣǲҹ໨һСʱѣȫڻ¡
µǣ˹һѹʱȵط֣Լʧţ


247 ֮
ոյĺ˹ֹˮţҲ˵ңЩĸܣͨͨûз
ֱΪԼġסҪѵʱ򣬲źȻ֣ڵȻһʧš
Ϊҹܣֻ߶Էǹ⼫Сķע⵽֮ʧٶȺʧҲࡣ
ⲻǹؼؼʧˣʧ֥ôһҲ㹻Ծ־壡

סʵĸҪһ⣡ɲΪĸ׹ع˹ѡ˱رЦٲסʵͶûˡ
ıú˹һ۵˷Ƿ˲ҹԼ
䡭
ʱһڵ˺˹ֻҪһڵУͿԸȥˣ
˹΢΢һֻҪһΣͿǰɶļһ
һסȥ
Ĺͷ˹ҹٴϿնյӹһ١
һĻ¼Ļ˭˵ҹ׹عĵˣѣôðΣգһȥȶԷĵʲôΰ󵽿Խ;񰡣
Ȼȵλ˹ͬ־ʮ˱;񡭡
ƬãѾҲһĵطˣƫƫûһģڱߵţһε󲻻ΪʧѪɣ
ȥȴҲ·̵ôߵ
䡭
ͲսʿھλǹȻȫŸոһ䣬ҹıóˣ
˹ͻȻХһɶԷôܳȥȫȻҲȥѶԷӣ޴ʵʵĻҹȥ
ҹȻ룬Ҳ֪̫ܣҪҪǴƬڵע⣬ǣǵĹλˣڵǸʮǧأ
һӻӿ̾Χڻע⣬ҪٲˣǾǰ׳ˡ
ڶԷڻתͬʱ˹ҲЩڣոȻһ˴õĻᣬһʼôѶһֱҲöԷôԶٻڻһʱ˵Ѿˣ
ҹ᲻Ҳұ֤һ˵ʵʵһ̬ӹֻ̥ҪԼˣһս˽ˡ
ڵɣɣ˹صȴš
ҹʵӽѾٶ룬֮ǰû뵽˹ôϡҲû뵽ͻȻһӴ˽࣬ڸ̺ըܵĶȥ
үٴװɣҹεš
̧ͷʱƬƲ˿ûУƨװ
ڻĴսҵʱֻǺһ׾׵֮İȫ԰ЩڵɣҲҪЩڻˡ
ϧﲻǻģпүס̫Զٻɣ²ˣ
ҹҲеңоԲģõˣһΪĳ嶯öԷֵܾȴûܰѶԷȳһ̫Բ˵ˡ
ҹȻңȴû˹ҵôףһˣ֮ǰҲҪݺҧԷڡ
ۿڵ˹Ȼ֮䷢ȫź˹
йء
ڵĺ˹ȻҲǱ׺ݵ˺ҧһǱҧ˸һӿȥһθоζ

˹ĿͻȻðһտ棬Լһ
Ҳֻһ˲ʧ̾ͱϲ
֮ÿޣӽҪʱ򣬲Żֵ֮
ֻ棬˵˸ͻƵʱֻҪձȫͿԡ
ûеＫʱ˸ˣһǲ֮ģ֮ҲĴû뵽Σҹһ£Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬷ø֮һγˣ˵ʵһ
׬׬ˣӿ׬ˣε֪ҪòһͻƣʵȥԺҲˣ
ǣϵ۰ϵͽĤݣܺӵлɣ
ۡ
˹ǧĤݵʱؿͻȻһֻ֡
Ϯأǣֻ֮棬žʹһǿûа취ܵǻһԶ̵˵ġ
˹ʯˣ֮İģϵ۰׵Ķ
Ȼ⣬ϵȴûлشһӣ޾ڻڰû
ڻһӣҲûκζ֮ƽϢ
ȳһˣ
ȻǿߣΪͷԵĹϵȴһ𲻵ָߡ
ԶһƬըãѾǽݣֱһĽȴˬúܡ
ȥһº˹˷Ըţǲġ
ΪһָߣȻúܡ
һκ˹һЩˣȴڰŪʧĺ˹һ̶ȣҲ̫ˣڼƻ֮е顣
ҪǰȥѰңƬͻȻһѣðտɫĻ棬ϴ˼£ȥһҲ
ǺǣҾ˵ǲģЦӭֵܾӢۣҲһع֮ɣ
ʿһƬǴǰֻ˵ֵܾعһۿôĳ棬ֻΪɱһعʵ𾪵Ͷϲϡ
ǸĵعֵܾܿˣĻܾλ
عһڻսģʤѾ˵Էʤһֱﰡ
Ȼû·ջ
ˣһʱ··Ȼãȴûǰһյþ⣬ɵʮο
ϧ֮Ҳֻͻһʵûȴܰѵ޸ã̫ϧˡҹ΢΢ҡͷʾԼź
ȵƤƤҵس鴤һ£ҲûϳѾ֣ôģô£վ޳أ
ˣҹ̧ͷƺѾ֪ڿǵĲ˹ѾŶӦýп񣬲ɲңǷҪըġ
ҹƺ󣬵ǴңԶĵط˵˶һȴ
ҡھ֮󣬵һʱҪը
Ļֻ˵֣ͻȻһʲôˣ˶̱ȥҲѪ
ȣ˵һ㿴ܾΪĴһ
ҹȻԶȴоԷ۾͵ǰһ
ڣѡңҲòźظ㣬ҹȻЦһ£ͻˣϷˣ


248 
ͻˣôͻƵģѵΪһܣͻˣ
һ˲䣬ڸӰԼ˵ĳ嶯
˹ƣܾ֮ԲƳڱ˵ҰУҪ֮⣬ҲһЩԭ
˵ص㣬Ҳս֮иͻƣ˵ĿǰΪֳֹƺ̫׿ƣ׹ҪһǿعȴҪһǿ󵽿Ʋסع
һս֮ǰѾƺõģ˹ͻ֮󣬱ҹܻǲµʵ£ĻԻҹԵͷ
ĽǺ˹һڻĴ֮ǰں˹ϲµֶΣ˻ڿԿƷΧ֮ڡ
ҹأȻֻһ˵ǿţҲǿĶȥȥҲɰƽ
ô£ҹź˹ˣ˹أ񳹵ˡ
ļƻֵܾعŪûˣҲˣҹź˹֮ͻˣϵ
֮ǰ޳ѾѲˣһﾹȻ棬Ѿͻˣ
㡭ôòñ˻ˣ
ô£Ա߲ȵæȫ֪Ϸʲôڸô죿
¼ָߣȻڵǽˣǼǷܵһ˵
ɣͻȻ˵Ϊ¼ʧܸ𣬷޳׷ɱҸ˵壬ܾ֣ͷŸ޳ͬŮع֮ʬ壬Ҳһߡ
˵ʲôƺûһ
˵һεļƻʧܣҲˣɲȾȻڶԷһ˲䣬һڶûпһ仰û˵Ѿ׷˶ҹ׷ɱŪôĳΪʲôΪҹǵع
˵ǵǶ޳ĵ⣬һ˲伤ˣҴˣҷ˸άһĴԸΪֵܾʧΪҵĴƻеһΣǣŹԼˣܾǲ𡭡
顭
Ļû˵꣬Ѿλһȭιȥ
绰ϼ㱨ؽһ²ȸղŵ쳣֣ΪʲôаԲŻΪҹ˵
ڳĬһ֮̾˾ͷõ֮
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ƲϣܾҲ֪ҹˣȫģҪȻҲðܾ֣Ҫ֮ʬߣκǵһ
ǻڽͲȼ˶ҹ˵ķ˵һһƵˣõ֮նԷȦ飬ûǲá
Ȧײˣҹô죿Ļȥְܾ˶ˣָǸô죿
˵ˣˣûаһӰҹɱЩʵ⣡
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û뵽ǣŲһ򣬲ѾǴָܾ߲֮⡣
ո˵Ҳʮҹ֪ʲô취˹֮ûбڻĻǸɴͽƾͼƣʱõѾ˹Ǽͳȥɡ
Ȼ֪ҹ״̬ôǸ˹սֳڻϴûɻһ˶ûУ˵һɱõʱǾͷĪˡ
û˺˹֮õǣƣûã֮£ɱҹĻᡣ
޳ֳܾʧˣȵ´վҹλСѾ͵ͬʱ֮ʬ壬Ҳһ㣬֮ǰΪǱʾǸֵܾһʧԼ𣬲ٸκεĳͻϣ
˵ϻȶԷ˵꣬ҹѾһǾ仰Ҫ˵ĻֱӷߣҪɱĻǾֱɱˣǲȥǣ߾ǵġ
˵ѾΧȥ
λعżˣ˵Ǻ仹ǲ䣿㲻ˣɣո˵Ļ͸ƨһ
ûм̫ãҪʱһֱѾ㱨õ͵
ã
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ȻͣŲһ֮ѾҪ˶ԷĻΧȦ
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ಡ
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ҹܲˣһ˲Ѿжϡ
ոһ˹ܰҹסһЩȻûк˹ǲܣǵʵʮ˹Ҫǿ
׹ǿƼǿܸƼĵطά˵ģܾܸĵطûһٻ
ֱܾҹúܲңҲΪܾ󲿷ֵ۷ǿߣɢڸִ޵񣬶׹˴󲿷񣬰Щ˲ԶټѾ˱ɱľģ
ûһˣ׹ܾ˱ɱ֮󣬻ܻŵˣһûУ
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ոǾ仰ҲǺҹģҪҹǲĲˡ
ȻǲҲ£Է߲ʱǶҹһֱĿС
ಡ
õıӿ廹ǱţӸ߿֮дֱ£䣬һȥɣ
ָߵҹķҪԷһʲô飿

ҹˣ޷˵ر˻õķͳ壡
ˣָ߸ӵ⣬Ҫ龰ǰǲҶģһֱҹѹŵϷһΣһѩǰܣϷˡ
ˣɵϣŮ˵ݰݰɣָ߿Ļ棬رҹĶ˵ôһ䡣
Ƕһ£ڿʱȴɣйء


249 ɱ
ҹˣָ뿴Ļ棬뿴ǣҹȻˣȴֻԼŮˤǰ
һΪܾﱻɱڶعһȻҲӰ쵽ҹһʱͻȻں䣬ĻֱӰѶԷ
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ֻҹѾõ·⻹㣬һ壬Ѿڿնڰ֮УͰõӵϡ
⡭⡭һҲ̫˰ɣոܵٶȣԼ˵ԼԤƵĿһڿԷ۷ٶȺֹһ˰ɣ
ԭԷûԼһ֣һʼͷأԲûб¶ԼٶȣλҲֻߵ˼ҿԿƵķΧ
ڣعѣȻҹһ£ǵһʱ´
ʱ䣬ҹõǸλѾһƬ޴ڵ湲ĺ
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֮ǰҶľλãֱӴӿеĶϹӿ
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˲䣬ָӵˣѾǶʮ۷ָԺȴһҪôԸҹСǿ
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˵˼ֻǫһ£˭ǿɱˣѲһɱ֯
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ҹһڻΧǣȻЦһ£ǾͲҪճˡ
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һΣͨľҲѾֻǹ߸֮飬ͨˣͱøӸࡣ
ȻЩͨ˲ҹɱģѱᱻ㵽ͷϣɱ׹ʮ۷عᱻ׹ʹ޳ʲôӡ
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̾ͱǰĻ澪ˣڵϣһûиٶ
ֻҹùŮǰѺɫᵶְŮ˷ŵ˵ϣȻ߳ȥ
Щɵı׳һ̣߾֪׳Ǳ׳ˣɱ׳ĲҹǶʮֵܡ
ᵶڹĵطʲôͨͨһûκʩչأȵҹ߹ոյѾڵϣվûС
֫ϣߵеģȻֻǶ˹ͷûЩڶ֮ڣǷϵˡ
֮£ֻǰһţϵ鰡߲ػʮּܡ
ʮߣƬֻ֮ʣ¶ʮڵ޷Ա
߾ǲһ˶˵ô룡
ҹŵ߻õ𣬴ָӵĵطȥ
һҪɱһˣҹͻȻתõ˷ɱɣ


250 Э
˵仰ʱҹѾߵǸȵָ֣
˿ѾȫɵˣۿŶʮ۷ߣĻƹһĵõǣٴҲ֪Ҫˡ
ʱӦȴΪոյޱȳٻˣõӦһ䡰Ǿɡ֮ţɱ˭˭ôᣬɱɱɡ
𰸺ܿˣһɫᵶٵعᴩؿڣ⡭ôɱ˭
ҲѾӦҹһΪõӷɻӢޱȣΪܵνľٶȴĵȯ
ָѾˣû취ǿݣԾյġ
Ķҹõ
ڷɻ档õ˵
ҹͷʶһǱεڵصĲѾٻˡ
㡭֮󣬵һ۾Ϳ֣Щֵҹ
ˣûʲôұɱҹɨһۣҪǶʮͬʿк𣿡
ſԶսϣڵϵĶʮˣֻһϳЩ˵ݣϵɫ̾͵øѿ
Щ˶֮ģ֪ϼȻôıǮһӵô۷߹
Щ۷ߣƺҲûռκεı˰
кк˵ʲôˣôɣҲ˰ģ˭޳øҡ
ȵ˼תúܿ죬̾ףԷƺѾɱˣȻҲվ˵
Ǹ޳֮ǰѾֽܾٸΪУҵ֡ȿһǸһĵļһ֪㻹ʲôҪĻ
ĿģӦҲˣҲԣڰ֮ʬ廹ң͵Ϊֹɣ˵أҹʡ
ǣΪֹõĽæҲӦš
Ц˼ڿռžϷأʸ񿪿ֹģǰλүˡ
Ŵ˵ĻٿԶһƬǽ壬һصߣҪĳ嶯
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ҾͷˣһԼͬʿΪˣɱҲûʲôϧġҹ˵
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ֵȻǶģܾҲɵӣ֮ǰԼĵδһֱİҹȻЭڲһˣһŷСĸһˣǶ˼ңǻʲôòЭģ
¶ˣôԷǶʮ۷ֵܸڡƼˣҹʮһɱˣܾҪǿ
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ǽĻҾͲˣӰЦţȻݣǴûԲסֵܵ飬ϻн죬٣Ұ㵱ֵܣ޳ֵܣ
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ҶڹӰ˵ɱ˲û̫ĹУĶǴϻɱȻҹǲûҪҹ𣬶ӰӲˡ
ʵϣɱ˵ѾɢˣЩɱͱɣЩ˻ڵĻǲҹ𣬿»Ҫлҹһء
ô֪ģҹϸʵ
ǺǣֵôףȻҲ֪ˣ֪ܵͨңȻǻĸϲŽ̹ȻϾҲ춼ֵܾľٶЩֻϻˣɱ˵ְҵɱ֡
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Ž֮ʲô㣿һε֮󣬿»¥Ҫ˶ˡҹ˵ЩǸˡ


251 Լ
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һŲûгΪһ˲ٵĸǰϻҲһǮֻǴ󲿷˲֪Ŀ֧ġ
ˣȻûǮ
ô˵һ˴ҵĻ·ҹһ⻹ԼΣǸйصģΪɱ
ҷɣһûʲô˵ģҹô˵ֻҪϻᣬһЩԼӦøĲ
ϻ˵ʲôˣҲδؾͻõҪϻڻһɱ˶ѣӰⷽҲúܣϾ˫ݣʵʼʱֻл¥ûϻᣬϻᣬֻһżȻĻŵģȴ޹أֻǵ֮󣬿û¥ȶڻûų⣬һȶ֧ſ֧ãϻҲͻˣϾЩҲõôһֱ߰һ·ʵҲһ·õ·
һػİɣҹλȥ֮󣬻һЩ鷳ҸطôҰ뻹ʲô̫⣬ҿԱ֤ôҹϱõӡ
Ӱǰһ˵ϻһ˵ĺ·ǲ̫ܵġǵʱյϢʱҲ˴ҵϵģ˶ΪԼҵֵܣһҪȣ
ʵӰҲֻżֺõ͵ϮЩ·ǵֵ֪ܾǲֻ֮ͬеˣһȡһٸΧҹˣһصĴ
һɹˣɹЩֲӵˣҹӣǼĿ;񣬰ٷ֮һٶضͶҹϣĵǱӽͺ޷Ŵһȫʤ
Ҫٵģϻĺ·ˣôĳʧֲܾܵ鲻˭֣ϻ׹Ѿٴȥˡ
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ĳ·𣿡Щŵʵ
ǣҳӣҵˣʥˣҹЦԼĳ裬Ǽ¾ʹڵ룬ǵĻ´ˡ
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Ӹ磬˵İɵһӦҸ㵱ɣ
Ҷ˲Ȥҹ̧ߡ
ɻæҪ㣬ȴǹһЦϷɣûӸﹻ
⣬Ҳ÷һμ棬ҹϴͷ¶ȻѾҹˣ˵Ҳǹ˵ģƫƫҶЦֻŤͷסȥˡ
˵ôˣҪһػģҲð죬Ӱҹ˵ÿ϶Ҳ֪Ȼа취Ż˵ģʶʼҹȻЩף˵ĻȴûʧԹ⵹⣬ɱ˴ǰҲЩ·ӣһֳߣӦҲ̫⡣
ͨ˻һٶȴص㣬һӴ׹뻪ģ׹ܾôߵ
ô鷳ܾˣæŪܷɻ߾ˡҹԹӰҡͷ
ɱ˵·ӣǲ׶̫ˣ˭֪ʱ᲻ٳʲôʣ
ܾˣ⻰˵ãôҹӰҲòһˡ
Ҫܾˣڵ˽زѵǱصʥԵף
ﻹûзӦأҹѾ˻صʧǵĲߣܷɻô
һãȻ衭ɻ
˼άҲ죬ϾͲ²⵽ҹ;
ǿԽ裬ɡȷ⻰˵õʵڡ
ҹǲˣΪһûҿڵӣ֮ǰҪܾҲҲ԰ĸ֣ǰеֶܸٻضˡ
û˴ùɱҹı׽˹̶λãֻκֶΣֻҪֶܾ᲻ϧ۵ġ
ڷɻϰװԭӵݵ˼˵ֱӵȽĶԿ׷ٵߡֻҪ˿Уǿĸֻ֣һ鰸ϵ⡣
㶼ϣʲôġҹʹشӦ
ҿɲȻû˵꣬Ѿˡ
ӶҹЦݣת֮Ѿʲô˼ˡϣܲϰҹžҪɻһ𡰽衱
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ǺǣżҹԷƵģļ򣬡ɻ֮ǰ㻹һʱǣôǲڿл䣬Ǹ⣬Ҫú롣
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ֿܾԲںԼɲô󷽡
޳Ҫףڵвܾһ᲻ϧκδۻ㣬ԡȶͷ϶ѾˣҲ㣬벻ʲô취ӵֵܾ׷ɱ
ȽɻɣҹҲܴ󷽣ûаѲȱƵ̫ó˺ѾŬˣܾɱңҲ㱣֤ģǼܷɻϲκ⣬ɣ
ҿԱ֤ɻκ⣬ɡȼȵҪͣвͲԷɻ
ܾô᲻֪ҹǿڷɻֽŵĻǷַӱҹˣҹϷɻ׹֣ܿһ֣Ͱܾһ۷ˣǿɲġ
붼֪ҪɱҹҲǵЩˣ˸߿֮ʱǾǿӵĶȥ
ɻɻҹҲֻͣһĴߴţҶôżʲô
һ⻰ûİҪϷɻҷŸ㼱𣿷
⻰ҲֻĬĬ߶һ£ʡԼٰᣬ˵Щ۷ǿһùۣҲԼܲǣ
ɻѸٸ㶨תҹҪʱһ۵˺ü²ܾҪʱ򣬿¼嶼߾˫֣źš
һԼ굽һ϶ܰĵطȥˣ


252 ֵܾİ
ܾҹҪŲһϷɻ˿ûиоȣʮֳϿҵذοȣģ޳ߣ֮һһ󹦡
Ťͷܾˣαļһҹӿɶ
ǶѾƺҪôܷɻˣ⹷ƨУôܻص
ɻܿ׼ˣһҲȫصϣɹɣܾҲɻϵһٶ޳飬ʾֿл⣬ϣһΣ޳ѵݣ׹͡
ðҹҲȻͬˣֻܾһصûȥ´пյĻҾȥǶ
ͨѶϵͳִһ۵òƸв
СӸʵȻʱģʱ֮ǰûİƣݺݳȫˡ
ָܾ߲ⷬŹ󣬽žǷŭˣڲܷʡüһͻȻͷȥܾһصҲһ¡
ǿǻľ޴ѹһһؿĻĹ㣬ƳNУֻҪһ˺ʵĵص㣬̾ͻš̻ҹС
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˲֪ܸ߲㣬˿̶ǰ־ӵ˱߶ϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿŷɻλá
һжƺ˵ģֻҪɻǻõȦӣǳˣҲֻܱһѳˡ
˿ˣΪʵ̫ļǻȦʱȻѡһʡٳʲô©
ҵˣѾ־ڴǼĵĻԼǰ֡
ϵĹ˸££žСһͣûȼԱȥһ£ͻȻûˡ
ûˡûˣҶûзӦȷӦʱ˶ɵˡ
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ʱڷɻĲȣҲޱȾȵؿҹ㡭ôģ
һֺķҹ˵һҧĴ𰸡
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ҹ׼һ߰˿һȴְһǹԼĵİɡ
һʲô̲סʵ
ҵҹ
ȻأȲ仰Ǹո˵ʲôϵ
Ȼûˣҹʼ
棬ԭҹ˵ġһ桱ôô׶أ
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ҹֿܾһЦ
˷ܵشźųʱȥɻһʧ
ظ֮ǰ״ܾѾ˶ϢСǲģǷһ£ʧһ£һ£ٺݺʧһ£ٺҲ׳Ⱑ
˵֮Ƿҹ˵ķɻȻͻǻõļȦԶԶسŻķȥˡ
ðɣɱˣʱһȻûаɱˣҲǸһ䣡
˿̣Ҳֻ仰οԼ֪ĻǸҪȶԷԼüɹ֮Эأ
ްǸάѾˣȵҲˣֻܺ޲һˣúø칦첻
ڲȴһ·֮һаˣǰȫڻĵĳط
һܹͻأķɻȻҲҵķӦֵǣķҲֻͻȻõһźţǽžûˣ֮󷴸ҲûнֻܰѸոյһϡ
Ȼܷɻĳɽ׹䱬ը˾ٱ֮󣬲֪ǲǻϡ
ըɻ֮ǰҹȵҪٿܷɻȥĻҹҲţŸ֤һ͡
ȼûпǣ˲Ͱͷҡø˹һҹ˿ŷɻҡڴ׹ģõֶΣҪԭ·أ˵׹֮ôĶȥѾ˸ˡ
ôعΪʥһԱǲ㻪ľҴڵģҪһ¡ҹؾŶԷ
⡭̫ˣ񵱳Ҳҹ׹ҴһѾٻ׹ˣҲûҵ֮ԵĻңҪʥıӻ
̫ԼĴˣܾһѵĺڹû˱ȥĻ֪˶Цðͷε
ʵЩڹһ̫ʲˣ칦ĹƨɣӲϡˣ
ҹüëҲûзԣŲȺһȺˣ뿪˻ɽֱ֮Ͻȥȥˡ
ӰһȺ˿ɶǹ֣øһʵĵطǵҪ󲢲ߣֻҪǰڻ¥һӣһԡ
ҹȻҲЩίˣǰٵݣʥݣƺ̫¶˰æˡ
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253 ӲҪ
׹ûҹѣһûпԣҹ׹ֵüֱǷ츲أȴʲôҲûзһ
һϢҹõǾֱֵܾʣΪ֮ǰڵһдţ˿ҹմߣһֱҶΪõǸŮˡ
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ٺˣͻȻеԼĻ룬ݺݳԼһ֮󣬺Ȼһģ
ħŮħŮ˵ħŮٿ˿ͬŵĲк֮󣬾ȻһƨɶڵϷ
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257 һ
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ҹǴţǲ˵ǰҹ򵼰ҹš
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뵽Щ˷ܣܲˣҲǵˣֻҪţǻҵĵ
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ʲôأһšҹߴٵ
һףʱ棬ģץȥӣҹǴү
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˲˼Ѫһһ·ǽһƴչԼļֵүһ⣬ɻǸȥˡ
ҹ׵ؾ֪һЩϢε飬Ż׹Ǳ߶ǰһʱɱɢϢҲйϵ
쾩ߣǴⱻŮ˵õƵƬģѾ˹ɵע⡣
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أ˭ʦֿ˻ԥ̴üͷȻǶǵ̬Щ
Ǵʦ֣ҶԪĴӣҶΣƽԴĵӣͬһ㣬̬ȣΪʲôܲԼ˵
λЩͰǰֽгʵֽе̫ϰˣݺݳԼһƣż˵ҹĸ磬ѣɽ֮Ϣʵҹ
ŶҶε˵ͷĻǰ˴ȷǸȽȷľأ
ȻΪΪײŰҹץڼ׷Ůˡ
ɱˡ⻰˵Ҳһٸš
ǳȥôˣԭΪȥȸ٣ҵСȤֻ붼øһجΣجΰ
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ĵ׵ŭһѪ֮̾תɽȥ
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ĸͷǸոĳͷ㻹Ҫ˵ĻҲ⣬һ䣬ҾͶһͷҵҪжٸͷԶϡҹ˵
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259 ߾
˴󵨣ɽţųϣ浱ôһŭҴżϵĻֻҲһ֡
Ҷһ̾Ǿһ񣬸ոռҹʱ棬һ
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øħͷɱŵӣȻҸɽɽ֮УгϣǲҶԪﰡŴŭ
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ҹûдȴʵжݺݳơԷûаǸûп
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260 
ؼ۷ʵȻûеסҹûаϢȫһȭҶԪ⡣
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һεĹ֮ǰĹҵö࣬߸Ҳ֪ҹɵðԼǿ˳
ҹأӲӲӲӲ
һ߸ֵ֣Ȼ˿ȥоԷ󷨵ҲȥҸԼķֻһζظӲӲò˵һҵķӦ
ҶԪǰһԷôһͷĻǻлᣡ
ôİ취ģҪô˵ת벻취ҲӲҪô㹻ԸƾҲܰ߸˵ָƵȻٷȥʲôˡ
ǿ߸ؼڣķʽɲһһڶô򵥡
顭
ҶԪڴؿҹѪһ滹ڼӽϢԼƣҪϹȥͿ߾һαɢ
һɳһ˴ɢɳȥ
ǿһȻֽҹҹȻǺһ˸ͲмȥԽˣ
˵ǵΪҪ߸ؼ۷ĻЩ鷳ǵĻ̫ˣҹһһѪ߸ˣֻظһ¸ղǾ仰ڣҶſ԰Ǹ˸𣿡
ҶԪû˵ҶѾޡһҹ³һڴѪĭ
ҪɱɱȻˣҲħͷҡβҶδʱмš
λϣȴԼͬӿһ˿ɬ
λ֮ӣ˵δţҲ̫˵ˡ˼ҹ˼ѾԣֻҪǸ˽ͲΪˣôһ仰ǲ𣿲㣬Ƕûʲȥ
ҪԼҲˣôһ˵ֱǴڱ̬ˣүûиɣҵɶ˼߬أΪֻ˵˵ѣ
Ϊ֤λ˵ģҹֽʮָɴ䣬֮䣬عٴ
ҪҶԪ۵һѪæȴһ
λ϶һƬ̾Űţ뺰ͣͲܴǰ
Ҳ㣬ҺҹֻǴЩ˵ĹͷҪְ̧ˣ뻹ȥˡ
ҪҵѾɽҶԪڰͷѾףҪٱŵӣӦģǰҹҪ֪ģŵģ˻Բ飬׹¶
ţȥʲô֣ҹʵ
ʵǡҶԪҪ˵ȴӴϡ
ҶƺҪֹ˵ȥ
ȴҶԪҡҡ֣ζȻˣȴδؾ棬ȴҪɣС֣֮һ
⡭ôܣҶЩŵ
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261 赶ɱ
ҹ֪ߣҶԪҲûио֣Ϊҹĳ̶ȣ϶֪֣˵ڹߵĴڡ
ǣйףɵӣ˵˴ǳϢǣ˵ŮУȻһõ˵⣬ҶԪʱһںޣҶԪҲһӢȴû뵽⼸ָϣȻһûлɣ֪䣬ôй¶֪ڿǹҪ赶ɱˣʵǿɶ֮
ҹ˵ͷҶԪⷬ˵õҲжϲˣҪ˵һû뵽⣬ҹǲŵġ
ֻ飬ɣҲǻᱧһϣȥץͨŮӵĻڹ˵Ͳʲô¶
һ֣ؼڵĳ϶ɼҲǷŮУĸĶ⡣
ڽ赶ɱ֮ģֹɣһǲµģǶԷǸɣŮȻǣҲûʲôɹ˼ɵˡ
ȥҹʡ
ߵʱֻ˵ȥû˵ҪȥĶҶαһߣһ֪Ǳ˵ǹʹˣ˿̵ɫʵѿÿ֮ǰƺᵽ崨һ䣬ֻ֪滹Ǽ١
崨ҹüͷ
崨һĳУֻôһΧĻҪһˣʵڲһ׵顣
崨ҶԪҲһ£漴ɫѿ崨μңԭǸйϵֲ˻ϢǣǸܾˣ
崨μңţҹûʲôӡ
崨μңһûŵʱ崨μӰЩԹˮݣӰͳμҵļ׺ܾܿӰĶӣֲҿЩӣҶԪû뵽μҾȻֶΣٸ潻֣ȴڱﵷ
˵ô£μʲôϵҹʡ
ӰŵĵӣʱҴˣһֱҪţΪҲǿһֱûлᣬμҲĴˣźܶණμṩģӰĵܵҲҶԪش£Ӧòֻ崨μңҲ϶Щϵ
ҹͷμҵҲСȻҶԪû˵ҹҲǴ׹Щ֮Ĺϵ
ؼ۷Ĺ壬һ㲻̫ĹУҲϲǹɵġ
μžǸĳǧ˿ƵĹϵԹɻɵӳϳΪμҵĹμҲ棬űҪĲ֧֡
ڵĹɣȻ϶صģЩ˱ϾҲҪԴöȣԴÿԼԴĳۺļ֧֣õİ취
˵ģſ϶ҲԼֵ֧ļ壬ҹЩȤҲûȥʡ
崨μҸжԹҪǿģȴΪʲôѡԼ׽ˣҹɲǵø崨μʲôڣ붼벻ǲʶһεġ
崨μҺңʲôطҶҲһ˵˵ɡȻˣǾ͸ɴһȥ
Ϣһÿɶᰴ಻סڻֻҶԪĲ²һ֮ʣ˵μҸԼҲûʲôϵƾʲôݺԼأԻҪȥΪá
ҶԪһʱΪɶ͸¶Էɽţǹɡ
ҹһ֣ʲôɴ󲻼ɵģԷֶ㣬ͲǴˣ
ʣҲ尡ҶԪһʱѶȫǸոǸϵˡ
ҹﰵЦһҶԪӵĹʵ׾ӣȻҪһƤԼ͸°ɡ
ְѴӵϰҶθҶҲһõˣʱЩҲȲѣ˵ĶҵУ˵鲻ᱻ֪֪ˣҲΪв㣬͸¶ģűҲ˵ʲôɣ
ЦˣҶԪЦ
˭㿪ЦˣҹýżҶεһȣٲ˵ĻҲͶˣҸӵʱ俼ǣһ
˵ҶԪﰵҵֶһ𣬿ҹ˵ģ£òͷˣװȥӵһĶˡ
Ҫڣܱ̬ļһ᲻Ѷӵ֮֫ٶϵȣ
ͷȶ˻ܽӣܳҪǶˣɾķˣ
İɣɽڳĶŵˣֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵ǲ˵û֪͸¶ģҹֵ͸¶ˣո˵ģҲǱΣŲòңⲻ㡣
ҶԪƵģ˵Ҳûкȥɣˣ쵽ݶϣҲǹˣ
׿崨μĲ֪λáҶԪôһ˵ͼҹٴҶˣæ䣬ȤĻȥ崨Զܽɽתת˵ķ羰ʮֲ㣬ǸԹ൱кôĵط
Ŷҹ˻Ҷ֪֪ܽɽĸط㣬Һֱȥ
ӦáҶԪԥˣѻ˵̶ֳˣû뵽Է⡣
ôһԥҹǱ߶ˡ
ҶԪҲҹ̫Ƕˣв¶ûûˣ
˵ܽɽĺɽнɶɶԨ㣬ֻһ²ȥʵǿϧҶԪҡͷ̾Ϣš
һΪԼ˼ϧΪԼţ˱Ƶ̶ֳȸоˡ
ǶлҶˣûʲôµĻҹʹ˸ˡҹͷҶԪһ֡
ҶԪ˿һҪˣ
˭֪ҹ˼֮תͷðɽ˹ŲٵĵӣȻ³򣬵һܡ
ҶԪǳ鴤һ£⻰˵ģԼôأû¶˵ǲ̫ˣ
Ҫ˵ȷʵӦãǸ̸̸⳥⡭᲻µԼ
ʱ򣬺ܶҲίҪᣬеҸľлˣûһʮǾѾ˼ڷȱˣֻһ£߰ɡ
ҹһˣȻҾ͸һϢҹɫ˿Ǵ˵һɵ飬ʵ˭Ҫõ⣬ֻҪܴҾͿԡ
ڳ˶ҧҧҪܴҹĻõһſڵϻȦȦ
ȻҪ˵Ϣҹ֪ʲô֮⣬һŮ˭ɱõĻҾԲǵ鷳
˶ǰһҶԪȴţⲻһ赶ɱ˰ɣ


262 ս
ҹĽ͵Уŵһ˶ˣҹ˵һŮˣʲôʲôʲôģ˼ŮˣͨһЩֶΣƭҹѲֵݴڸ֪ʵһ׹ֵܾļ
ҹǰʱϵ׹ҪŮҳȴһֱûҵˣϢų˭Ż˭ͿԵõһֵĵ⡣
Ȼһж٣ҹû˵ҹŻͷ϶ҲˣҪȻŮҲھˡ
ŻҶԪ˼ֶˡ
оţҹҲ֮ǰһʼҪ赶ɱˣⶫֻҪ㲻̰ģ˭Ҳ費ĵ
ڵǰм߸˵̰֮ǰϢҲˣϢҹ˵ģһǳɡбҪ£ϾԲŻˡ
Ǽ٣ֻжϣҶԪ֣鵽ͷʱ򣬻ϴһ֪ǼٵģҲѲ˼ȥһ㡣
ȥȥԼȥǰɣϢ͵֮ǰλ˵һҹתͷҶԪҶҲóҲŽһ·Ҳģֻǵһζѣһλ˸ߵ˶֣һǣ
ҶԪٿҹʱͷֶԷѾˣЩľ
ֱʱĥԷĻոջ˵вˣ׶û׶
о仰ҹ˵ûѾˣҪȻڴӵӵϣ¾ͲǶһͷôˡ̧֮ǵĹͷҲ̧֮ͬҪǵҲҶԪľĵط
ȻҹǲôɱԷҲ˵ˣֻǵһζѣһεĻǴɽŵɽӵӵŵϵҪѪϴһˡ
ŶԷܰ쵽Ҳó
飬ȷˣҶԪתͷһ˱صӵţһЦ˼Ľȫ³֮⣬ȻûһġϢҪǴȥҲûˣ
ҶԪͻȻ뵽һ޴⣬ЩȫϹˣ˭չǣ
ҶԪ˿Լֻ֣ҹԼµ̯ӣǲòķˣһϰ˵Ʊķ
ڱ֮䣬ͻȻɽ´Ҵææˣ֮ǰһ
Ҳ֪ҹģʱܿǶϼͷԹһ
šǸոաҲ֪¶ôһɣȻȫˣԼȴȥˣʦŰ
ʲô˵ˣܺã쿪ʼָŶڿʼҶԪ˵ţȰλ϶ͻȥ˵
ʯˡ
һƬ֮УҶԪôؾˣǲֳɵĿɽŵġ

뿪֮ҹǻ쾩һˣһǿƺûУҲһ¿ʥûͶǵϢ
֮⣬ҹڰȥһңĸ׼һ棬ģԼһⰲȫش
ĸոʧٵʱûвʲôǺȻһôʱ䲻ˣҲ֪鲻һˣҹŵùģֻĵǵڼš
ʧٵʱҹҲû˷ִ磬һŻҲȶԼ
ԷĿǵĻûҪץ⣬˭ܿóǸһΪûеͨŮӡ
ԶԷĿӦþԼ⡢СЩֻΪԼйϵԲŻᱻץԼɱˣǵȷΣգڣҲҶκһˣȻĻ˾ͲǱץǱɱˡ
пܳץģӦþǸᶯֵס
ٴҶԪУӦ崨μҵˣ崨μҸг
Ҫǣթޱȣ˵УǸĪС˵òֹһ㣬Լְ֣ţĻν
Ҳû뵽ܰŵ˲ɱڶԷ֮УҲᱻץߣʱҹ鲻ʲôҲϢ͹
ҹһɽˣ֮䣬ȻһһɱӮˣҹò⣬϶ǱɣҹӮˣһ˶սɣҲܵش
ֻ֮£취ԸҹȻǸ練ˡ
ֻϧǿƣҲûа취ϵҹʵѾǿܰһ£ȫ׻ĵز
ҹʱԼ٣Ϊ˲κ֪ԼѾŹҪϢǱ崨ȥ˵иջ
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ʥ֤֮ǰ뿪ʥʱ򣬱ҹ˦AȻAָͻˡ
ʥݣڵҹ˵˵һЩԼࡣ
𣿡ҹõһۣұͲ̫˵ӢۣɱûˣҲˣʥ꣬Ѿûֵĵط
绹ڣõȴ
ҹһ£ŵ绹ڣȴҪȥһЩʺʥȥ飬ⶫһǲҪˡ
ͬõҡҡͷAҽģ֤ԭһȴͬӵµ˵ģʥ֮Ϊս꣬ȻûߵȨȴʥߵҴӴ˲AԼ˵ʥ꿪ʼڣһ˵õ㸸ףʥһӢǬ嶼ûеõ
ûһսĻӢǬõǺܶ飬˵ʱȴѾ֪ǸԶܵˡ
ҹȻЦһ£һΪ׹Aء
ϣȻҪһ£ڱӦöЦ˯žˣõ˵֤ʵҲ̬ȣ֪ʥ겻Ϊԣ㲻Ҫ뿪ڵĻһȰ
ҹĬˣ̫˵ӢۣΪ֪Ӣ۵ıжΪǸӰˡ
Ӯˣջ֣֤ͻ½ӹȥ鳤ڵĻҪ˵˳ʥ꣬һƨɡ
õһЦҹӢǬץסĳģǸöã
Ĳȥ𣿡õʵ
һ˾ͿˣҹС˵ûɱִգȥ˷㡣
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ɱˣõȫûƽİԵ
ҪǵģҹӰתۼʧˡ


263 ŮԱ
Aҹս£ʵڱŶֺ֧ΣͬʱҲϣʥ
Ƕҹ˵ʵҲͬһԼ
ԣʵʲôҪӡУҲ¶ԸӢǬ˵ȴǺҪĶ⣬ûоܾԭ
ûеõɶʵԸô򵥡
崨·ϣûг˿⣬ΨһҹЩģȻ켶Ϊֳ;еУΪ𲻵̫á
ûа취˵еĸһṦһ𣬸ǧһҹﶼ߰˰ٶ
˵ģһҹ߰˰ڻ˵̫˵
崨μǺ״ģҹҲȥһˣȻ۷Ĺɶ˵ȥͲ⡣
ֻûпףֱܽɽǱץģпҲܽɽС
֮䣬μҵӶ̸ţ֮μҼӰ٣ү˵ҪȥһɵүӺ١
ȷ׹ȻӰĶӣ֮ǰҶԪĲ²ˣҹɴǸ׹
ֱӰ׸ץһǵϢֱץסıȳˣҲ͸׵öˡ
ֱɱܽϲǲУƾ޾ݾʹȥȻҹȴҲ⣬ĵȥܽɽǰɽŶˣȴҲӰ
ʱҲˣҲûҵԷ֪ݾߣɾʹˡ
Ϊݣҹ֮ĳûȥֱȥⷿȥ˼䷿
˵Сùݣʵ͸һģסȥ֤ãֻֻҪ˵룬ϰҲȥ١
ҹѺ֮漴Կ׽Լķ䣬֮ǰǸ׿϶Ҳżˡ
ӣλҪߵݣμ̧һۡڸӰٵʱԸһŵҩϵȵҩĻǵǶļ壬ŲСӰ
˼μҸԼʲôڵʱͻȻ졣
˭ҹʡ
ͿˮءһŮӵ欵
ҹ̾ڵͿˮСԱˣ治֪Ϳˮء
áʵҹڵʵǼ첻ԲҲûʲô⡣
ȻҲֻ˵ԣ£ҹȻôŰԼ
˼ĹأˮһҪ͵˷Ȼǻᱻ۹ʵġǸεε
ҹüͷҲ֣ѵԼסôͱŵ˷ˣ
׼ȻôһıԸԼǿ϶Ķ顣ȻŲ͸¶ԼŹ۵ʵҹ뿪ʱҲ٣Բ֤Էһ᲻֪Ͼ滹һߡ
ʱҲʣʲôΪˣҶԪҲδؾ֪ߵϢ߲ͬʶ֮ʾĻҶԪҲ޷ж϶Էǿ
ҹʶɨһ棬ͿŮֻһͨˣǻװ̽Ĺߡ
ˮԻȥˣʲôҪҹţָָĽ䡣
һסŮԱһ߶Ť˵Ĳˮһ߶òʵ⣬һסɶįҪҪ찡
˵䣬ˮѾŵ˵ϣŮѾַŵ˿ϣֻҪҹһſ˵áЩӾܵ
ˣϲˡҹƵ˵һ䣬ʱŮ˸⽹ۡ
ԼˣûзʲôŮʵҲ˵СѣԼոջΪ̽Լġ
˵ģ͸ոǼߣϳӵĶһǸ˵Ĺ߷ûŮˣҹҾԱ֤Ů˵УûװɷɧǵĹߡ
ҪҸиеģŮȻûϵԼôùĵһ˾Ǹ֢ɻǲԸ
ˣҶˮҹѾȫɥʧ˸˽̸Ȥֻſϳȥ
Ҫ
ٲȥĻɱҶָˡҹɫ
Ҫ͵һЩݣֱӳкˡ
ʵɴ磬Ҹ˵ŮҲұõĵطడҴ
ҹˣѵ̫ƣʱʲô˶HelloKitty
ԶԶԣôôŮʱѾ˵ǷɧֱЩˡ
ǽϿҹü
ŮĻͷ˿ǽٳҹһЦ̫ˣô¶ҪǮġ
ոڰҹһŵŹȥŮļ⣬ְҲײϡ
һȻû̫Ҳûдͷ֮ģֻǺ˿߶ѡ
Ҫƽ͵ˣʱŤͷˣû뵽ֻʮ벻ٴ
磬쿪ţٲҾûˡŸһһ١
ҹҡҡͷĲʶһɨ䣬δ󺺣Ů⼸ء
Ҫ˵ҹƽаһЩеģԾһŮ˿ǿɵбİ취ҲھͳԼɡ
뵽ǰŸˣŮ˽
˭֪һŮѾͰ·ǿ͵ǰһˣҪ˵ҹĻſȣɱķӣаҹε˼
ȻҹҲû뵽Էһ֣ʲôٶȣһͶ㿪Ů˱ΪҪУȫĵܹȥֻܸذ˸ܽӴ
ʱ伸δѾҹǰһ龰ʱһ£ǰ׼ǫ̃Ҳˡ
òŷŭһָҹ飬˯ţҿǲˣٱǿŮɣٺ٣˵취ô
ҹʱˣյϣڰ׹ֶܾŪüɹ˵Ͳݲӡ
ֻʵڲڳñ˶ע⵽Ѿ崨ҪȻǰ⼸ˣǸŮڣͷ϶ֻһˡ
ɱˣĹعֶҰɣҹĹع˵Ҳкܶһٱİ취
˵ɣôҹɨ˶Էһʵ
ǺǣǶҲǴˣۼҹݲȵӣΪ׵Ǹ˵еģȻֵⲻص¶ǧǮ֣Ӧòɣ
࣬ҹøϻֱͳǧ˦˹ȥŮ߰ɡ
˽ӹҹ˦Ǯ΢΢һ¡
ƵطסˣͨҲʲôǮܶﵽǧѾǲΪԷۣ벻ô׾͵ˣġ
ˤǸŮ˸һµ·Ҳȥһ£Ť֫ߵҹǰҵأոһţôˣ


264 װŪ
ҹٴüЩ˲ǹߣҲʵЩɶ˵ҪڣЩ˺úһ¡
ִǮٳţ˦ŮˣǮǣòҪҵǰ֣Ȼɾûôˣ
ŻǰŮõǮ˳־
ҹûֻһԼ
Ů˵ĿȴҹǮɨ̰ϹӶܿó
ҹ̾˿ô̫ˣ
㡭ոջĶܰ׳ԣһǴءȻ⻰˵ŮԼš
ɫŹ֣漸δ󺺶ЩЦ
ҹڸովѾϵֽ˿Ҳڲˣʱ䣬ٲȥұ֤ǻ֪ôд
Ӵ缸٣뿴ֶôдġһЦǰ
û̧ȥҹһѣͻȻӰǰһҲ֪˵һ£ɤӺסһʲô˵ֿҹֻĸ첲һŤ
غѽܣҲ֪Ľôģƶĺӣા͹ˡ
۵Ҳ˵ƫƫ۵ֱţɤȴһǰе۾ûеطйʹֻܸ
㡭ŮҲܸܵԷʹ࣬ɫѾŵˢףΪԷʹʲô
Ůˣҹּ䣬Ѿ編ơ
Ů˱Ǹеĸӿţͨһأڵϴ
󺺣˿ͷ󺹣
ǰĳ̫ˣ۵ȥȴƫƫƾһһûзҪǴ죬¶ΪǼˡ
ԣΪ׵ĴͻȻʶ桭Ѿˣ
ʱٿҹԴųЦݣƤҵس鴤ţһ鴤͸ͣ涼Щ治ס
󡭡󡭡󡭡硭ҪǺðһҪΪҪˣǲԣдŹЩһԺһֽǮɮ㳬ȡ
ҹԽ˵ԽףҲȥʲôְֻ˵ķֽֽ⿪˻֣ڿԹ˰ɣ
һѨҲһͬ⿪ˣһһŮǺһ֮ǰѹֵʹ˳ȻڷֽǱˣǸոǸϣವŹͷһʱҲˡ
Ҫ⼸ɤӸȥǶܰԼˡ
͹͹ոûͦˣһӹǺˣΪ׵Ĵ󺺻æǮһֳŮ˵ȥ
Ǯ߰ɣҪǸҺ˵ĻǺǡҹʲôҲû˵ֻӳŵƹ⣬ɫĵġ
˸ոҪ̧һĶ˵ɫ׷һֵ˸ƨɶ׶
ӿ˲ã˸ɴҲˣһϿͷ˱۾һšӷ𡱡
ҹһˣողʶıɫִªķӣԸߵĻһôûУƫƫЩͨĶˣܰѵƳ
ɫָżˣǮߣס˵Ļκ˶Ҫ˵֮ȥ崨ĵطҵûķͷȫԪյô
ۿҹɫΪǸոԼأһҪȥҷͷֽš˿һȥˡ
硭ǮǿɲҪģ֮һȥֽաԪԸĻٸռŮȥϿɿǧǧˡΪ׵ĺӵͷʱոɢڵϵǮȫڤҡ
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һ·˳ȥǸŮ˶⡣
ҹЩһţܵøһ죬־úЦ
СĻ϶취׽ŪһЩһڵҹû˼
ʲôûķͷҲһ˵û͹ܲˣҪеĻ͵͵ˡ
ţҹͻȻоһرϢֻȥʱȴַϢˡ
˾ȻҲʶֻЩҹԼ૵˵ѵߣǸѾ̽ң
֮䣬ҹѾϢشӴڽһ˵Ľ
ĴѰһ£Ǹȴ֪ܵȥȻһϢû¡
˺ԼϢʾģȻôסҹĥһ£ոƮЩɡ
תһȦ֮һջûУҲֻٻȥˡ
ոߵסСԺ⣬ſ˺ǶǿӰӣǶƭˣһͲǹ
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ͷһϣ·֮£ȻǱճ˳Ӱӣѵõҹ
һЦŶԷӰӣĿ𣿡
ǲǡһҹָŵϣû˵꣬ͻȻ۾ɵñ
ոеӰӣȻһת֮ûˣۿӰʧģӾñëȻ
кһܳˣǽſڣһ·£ȫûӰӵ˳һһ߹ȥ
ţ˺ҪƮƵģһо˰
ϸȥһҪƮǲǹʲô
Ů˵һ˹ȥүǶҲûǿ̫࣬øһ
ƽԸˣһøһڼ̾˪ӡ
ʲôװŪ
ҹȥȺˣСԺִһһ֪ʮ㡣
ߣҹոûʶһ̾Ͳ滹һߣȻֻлƼ۷Ϊ֮ǰЩļһʵǸеĸˡ
ҹݣ׻֮ǰ֪Լ崨˭֪ţȻһȺͼĻɫ֮Ȼһ߻
Щ鷳öԷԼҲһٰ֣Ϣ͸¶ȥμ崨ǻ̾ͷʲôˡ
Ϸݵ̶ֳȣҹҲȥϵɫٴαʶǲǸʶơ
⼸˵ҹѾһƮȥĶˡ
Ǹ߹Ȼո˵󣬿˿ûлţǳǰȥһȭʶĹ˹ȥ

ȭ껯һ磬ù߳
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265 صС
һƼߣҹȻûзֻĿĲҪȺˣʵЩ˸Ͳֵһ֡
ֻҪ˵ĻɶѣǰߣЩɫģٶʶһҲǿԣ¶ֵ̫󣬷ע⡣
뵽ҹûǷȽϺãһסҲЩ˾ãһлݣҵײҪġ
ҹһʶϢؾˡ
ǲЩԣκؿŶԷʧˣһ취ûУҲֻա
ɸ³ɸְһҹǸһȭ֮¾ɢˣ׷С
ղǸǹɸ˺ܿ϶˵϶Ǹ֣ǼԸˣҪٿĻǵ֪ͨңδϾҪˣ˵˾ҪҵģôɵĻǿɾͷˡ
δ٣ҹѾԶһƺͣ崨ҳδ٣ҪģӦ˰ɣ
ţɸȻϲָԶûУǸСӣˣ
ŤͷҹȥָֻһʮӣúСӡ
ӴҶЩˣץôСӸֲǸոǸܵģѵɸҲϲˣϲСӣ
ɸ磬ҲǸְɣΪ׵Ǹ׳Ѿ˺֢ˣ˭Ǹ֡
ǡ˭֪ɸܳϿҵسˡ
簡ǻϰɡ׳ˡ
ɸ綼˵Ǹ֣˱˵ǴˣҲܰ
Ȼɸ˵ո˲ǹ֪Ǽٵģҹ࿴ۣƻǻӵġ
Ҵ򲻹׳ɸôš
δһ޶޲ˣٸոǸɸ綼û˵򲻹ôһСӣɸ綼򲻹ӵǣɸ綼򲻹ϣǲͱɱӵĵô
ɸ磬㿴ⶼϣСˣ׳鲻ǰͲ½ʯӶˡ
İɣᳯǶֵģɸһȻ֪ڵʲôֻҪҸͨ˵ֶΣסˣ֤㡣
ģ׳һԷɫƣû취ٵҲֻܵˣæ˵¶С÷ʡ
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׳ʹŮ£װˣɸˡ
ŮһûУװģˣ
׳ֻʹУˣǮ
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ڳɸ粻ƽϣ˻ⶼ˶㣬ȻָԶǸСӣС÷ˣʲô취ǸСӸסҪܸãܵĻסȻǼһ߾ͳɣ붯ֵĻұ֤ỹֵģ³֮ұ֤ܵõһǮǼ˻ؼϵˡ
桭ģ
ǰĻ˶̫ţκһ̫ɱˡһٲţҲſˮŵԡ
ȻŵӵֻǣŮֻˮˣΪû֮ǰĶԻ֪СҲǸ֡
ʱѾһСܶپʹյСӵ߶´ŶԷǶǿһ۷⡣
㿴ҸɶСӿһŮܵԼߣʱЩִ١
СӣǰɣԷòãŮ˴ڨ
ǰֱ年ȴʳջ󣬰ŮҲ֪֢ҩ
ҹһҲ֣ΪȻ֣СӣȻǻֵǸʶĹߡ
СӵΪҲߣڵӣԵЩֻۣʮ꣬Ҳ㲻ϸߣ˶Ա˱ʲôѹһϺȣȫˣСӵѹ˲ͱþˣΪָ̫ǿˣýʵþСţǰСӣʵе̫ͷСţˡ
ȻߣҹһθظӦ˶Էʶ֮ȻʾϢҹʶǿ̫࣬ôûа취ȫڸǵ
ʶ֮ߵһʶڹ֮Уҹûмʶ֮ġֻ˵ţŻʶ֮ٻ
СӶǰһжİӣҹŮ͸ƭˡ
ֵе࣬СֻɨһŮˣ̾ҡͷҲȥ
Ӵ㻹½㰡С÷ЦţΪ˲·˵ע⣬ҲѹúܵͣҪԵĻҲԽ㰡ܵ㻹ûԹŮ˰ɣȥòã֤Թ֮󣬽㶼ˡ
Сӻǰͷҡø˹һҲȥ㲻ˡ
ֹˣͲǺˣҹĻ˸СӵļСֵܣ߰ɡ
Сߣ׻Ӧòʲô¶
ҿСӵӣҲּթ֮ͬ飬ҹ͸Ⱥ˲סˡ
˭С÷ͻȻˣҲʮ֣ɵؿ㲻Ҳϲ˰ɣ
ô֪ҹ̹ȻҿɲƭǮġ
˵˭ƭǮС÷ˡ
ɵĿݼϵĻô˵ƭأ̫ˣ
Сֵܣ˴ǰƭҵǮǿ߰ɣȻһͬˣǾ߲ˡҹʱݵһͨ·ˡ
ͬҲʿ𣿡Сʵ
ǲǣԲʿǶˣһۿ㣬úϲɱ˺˵ǲŲʲôʿ˵ʿءС÷Ҳ֪ʿǸʲôСôʣԲǺö
ôˣСߵʿôˣ
С÷ҲˣʿǺǻ
ĹϵŪˣתͷһǼ׳һˣµһ׳ͻرסСӵĸ첲СӣˣŮ˲Ǯõ
Сӱı飬ŮһһӾˡ
ܣŰ㣿ҹɲСôȥƿŮ˵ĸ첲קСӾܡ
СҲ֪ûУ˵Ǹҹһͷߵһǿƶʯͷ
վסһ߶һ߶ֵ˱٣Ҳû̫Χۡ
Щ֮ǰҹǰʶԭҲϲǸոյҹҹһ˵̾϶Ǵǰƭӡ֪Ҫ㣬æ͹֣˭֪ҹȻǰ֣СӾܡ
ģúһƭ֣ڱܱ
ЩҲ˿ɣǰܵĲһӣǸװǮĿڴ
˲·ɱ˸ĸǰСôǮڴֱʮ˱ڣҹһѪǺ޲ܰҹ̻ˡ
λ磬ܰɣǣСܵò죬ۿԼҪҹˣһץ֣׷ƭȥ
ҹ֣ҲԿֻǸпСӣҪ¶ʵˡ
ۡһĻˡ


266 ó
С޷˵س˻ȥڵӣʵС÷ļ׳һΪ֪ҲǸְ
ȻҹڴĿ֮УС˫ֱͷһףҪң˺λ磡
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ոǾͷеƣòƾ̫ˣʵ׳Կ
ҹ벻ˣСǸ֣˵ΪǸƼڣԸǰ⼸´ˣΪʲô֣
СأԣҹҲûмǰȥ뿴ôЩˡ
ΧȥһСֻǱͷ֣̾ʹȭģߵģˣ˧ڿġ
ոҹ϶ˣһ϶Ҳȥˡ
ҹǿһСӡСô˵أ㰤Ͱɣջȥˣ˱һ
ֵܣʵĴҲʵ̫˰ɣ
ҹʱûгֵĴ㣬ҪС̵ʲôʱôһ֣۸һƢûУ̫ˣ
顭
ֻʣȭͷɳÿһȭôʵö˾ŵúۡ
Щ⸽סľƿһˣְѴϣ¶ԷԼһ
һֱʮӣǼ׳۵ø첲ȶ̧ˣٿСӣǸֱͷһŵơ
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ʲôĳ˱ǵŮڴϷ˾ţ֮ñʮУžŰʮһ
̱ŮȻǺΪӢ˭
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һѽҶ˯˰Сʱ˰
ʱĳ˱˵ˬѾȥ˰ɣӢͷɣӢ
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ŮǰǮڴȴҹһƿҪˡ
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Сһˣһ壬ʹ׳ĸ첲˲˫һȦ˴ˮֵĲһޣˣǳ˲˵Ĵˮ֣
ŶҹҲһСӹȻ򵥣ͿոձЩһᣬջ£Ȼ¶ûУѾЩˣһֱӾǿսʿ
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ȻҹոͷͿСһȭȥɸ֮ûУֱӱҵڵϡ
СҲûʲôرʽһԾҲ֪ٽ壬ؾͳŶԷȥ
䡭
ϳһֲ֮˹ҹЩĿǳɸˡ
˲òడСӶǰƭʱ򲻻֣ڣһ˳ɸ磬ֱǽת͵Ӣ˭Ӣ
ֻһӣҲɱ㣬´αҿˣСӴӳɸϵĳ漴ҹһЦ磬߰ɡ
ãߡҹۻʣһĳɸ磬ǻҲԼʲôӡˣСӶһجΰ
ʲôְ뿪ֺҹСӵ
ҽʯͷСֺأ
ҽҹҹûʯͷǴ𣿡
ǡСӺܿ϶طˣĶ
ҹһ£ʶΪʲô鷳
Ҳ֪ȷǸ׵ļһҴģʯͷͷ˵ҿǺˣԾ͵͵ˡ
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ǰǶǴģ磬Ҳûʦ˵ʯͷͷŬš
ҹȴһӻȻֻһ˵ĲͬѣпΪ磬ʯͷͱ֮Ϊ硣ⲻҪģҪǣСʯͷȷ״磬˵ġ
ʯͷץҪʲô֪𣿡ҹʵ
Ҳֻ֪֪޶ŵˣһ˽⡣ʯͷ
Ϊʲôҹʡ
ҪģǴɽϴԣպҪҪȥҲ֪ʲôӣ֪Ǻˣһ֮Ҿ͵͵ܵˡʯͷش
ô֪Ǻˣҹˡ
ȻûмгǸˣͷô׾ͱ¶Լͼ
¼˶ܱƭˣοʯͷֿ˼Сӡ
šҲ֪˻ҰޣֻҪҿһۣ֪ǶҺõģǶһģȷ㣬ҾܿΪҺòȥҵģʦ˵츳ʯͷ˵ֲ˼ͷʵһֱû˼ʦɶó𣿡
ҹҲˣȻ츳ںòó⣬治̫ûش
ʯͷڵʲôҹʯͷ֪Ĳ࣬һЩ򵥵⡣
ɽţ
֣ҹ޵ֱƣ
Ϊʦг´ɽʦ˵ҽţ͸ʯͷţʯͷԺ
ҹ


267 ʯͷİ
ɵֶ֣䣬֮еĴ⡣
ڴ˵ĻպһսСաСաֵ֮ĵӣһţǡǻ˵ã
ҹ˻ͷڰԼʵʯͷˣʦ㲻ڣ᲻㣿
û¶ʦû¶ͱչأһչؾʮµģҪǳŴԵĻʱһȥ¶ȥʦҲûҹҡ
ҹͽܣҪǶӵĻ϶ġ˵Դ£ȥצ
׼ʲôʱ磿ҹʵ
Ҳﻹͦģʯͷ˽ϣʱӣţ̫٣Ͳˡ
ҹԭͨʯͷ˽һЩĵϸǺ֣ʯͷ׵˽⣬Ҳֻһ㣬Ҳͷ㣬ת˽һЩ
Щ֪ȻҲܱ࣬ҹ⺺Сһ֮ͨҹҲ֪ˣдɣֱڣš
ڷֱڡڡڣֱǣţţ޶š
ڴɽŻԺʯͷţȻǲ֪ģҹֻʦͽҪȻҲ㵽ֵز
ڵɣ޶šʯͷ֪ЩʵҲģһЩҲֻҡͷˡ
Ҫ˵ʯͷΨһȽϾͨϤģǾĸɽҰޣץԣʲôԱȽϺóԡ
ʯͷ˵Ŷӣҹ磬ж𣿺ö
ȥԶҹһԷί̾ˡ
ȻʯͷԸͬôôã֮䣬ĪƵģžֱֱȥӲ԰ɡ
ڽʱҹʯͷĳҲܳ԰
ʯͷȻûҹ֣ܰʳﻯı£ǳҹҪ֣ɽӱɫ޹⡭
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ҹۿʯͷ츳ŻΪʯͷóԵƭġ
ʯͷˣûв׼ڸ߱ˣĹذڳԱˣҹŶƤʵ
ţаɣʯͷЩ˵ΪĶûнأǰҲ֪ĶԲõЩҪĻҪкܶʯУûʯģҲ֪Ҳûá
ԭҹףǸ֮ˣΪ⣬Ҫ޴߶ѾˣһЩˣⲻɣ
ףʯͷҲһ£Ӱô죿
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ҹ磬ǸǲĳңҪҰæһԸ𣿡ҹﻹ飬ʯͷﺩʵ
ˣһ˿ԶԸģҹЦЦҵļѣܿǱץˣ
ΪӦûҹǿģҹа취ҵ𣿡ʯͷüͷʵ
ܿҵΪҹȵ
ûĿ˵ǵ֣ͨûģ˸Ͳ֪ж֣ҲֻܸĶ֣жһҹС
жٵʵҲֻҹԼɡ
ܸоһɣҹʵӦñҪǿǵؼ۷壬Ҵ򲻹ֻܼװǺˣһע⣬͵͵ˣӲġʯͷ
ҹһζʯͷĿ࿴Ϊ⼸仰κ˶Ϊʯͷֺױƭ˰ɣ
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Ȼ͸õˣһؼ۷壬ҶԸûʲôѶȵġҹ⻰ҪǱǵñһˮǺɡ
۷ʵҲǵؼ۷壬켶ֻǴ˵еĴڶѣû˵˭켶
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ҹҲҰɣҳôණ˼ˡʯͷЦͷԵЩ治˼
Ǻǣ㶼Ҹˣʲô˼ģȥ֮ǰ͸ҳԷɣȻʱ䣬˰ҹЦ
ʯͷҲ˵Լľӳ֮һֱεոٷ֮ǰѾ˺üˡ
ҪͷǹߣͳŲסˡ
Լ˵ʱҵҰζϧɽﶼҲһΧǽĴԺҵ˼ֻҰޡ
Ժոϻȭ԰ıѾӵΪʦ˵۸ͨˣŵʯͷϿˡ
ҹأҲûЦˣϻҲñʯͷŵüԲ·ȥ˭뵽һôͷĹ
˵԰ϻڸ˼ҩƵģĶʯͷһʯͷĸ
ҹҲףΪʲôżƭӣʯͷͷöԷˣ⺢ʵ̫ʦͨˣԸԼҲ֡
ʦǵҲܵʯͷûһ̫ϸķִ磬ͨ˱һ£ǻɢܰ
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Ŷҹæʵôң
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ҹһԭԼ취˵Уҹضʯͷ⣬ԷȻû͵ˣαȥðأ
ǷȥμҵʱҲһȥҹڣҾͲǸˣʱҪǻб˰ĻҾѹǣʯͷݺݵص˵һЦԵޱȡ
ǺǣͲƭİҹ
ôᣬܿĸǻ˵ģʯͷٺЦš
ǳɣϵĴ٣Ҿʹȥݺݳһ٣ҹǺǵ
ѽʯͷһգԼһĴ£֪ովͲôˣǾʣôٵȵȥǵġ

崨μӰ٣һ¡
ӰҲʮ꣬Ҫ崨̽Ӱ˵ڶһӾ͵ÿš
һ죬ǹ磬̽һЩμң˭Ҫᣬμȡøϵ
Զ쾩ļ壬Ҳ˼ӵܹӰ٣ɼμҵ֮󣬱쾩Ĵһʲôй֮
û˸ҲӣҲǽС΢ﲻõ˲ˡ
ƫƫϣͳôʶȤˡռһŲԵǽһƤ


268 ޱ鷳
μ崨һҶľ棬ȻҲռ˵Ĺ⣬Ҳò˵μҵʵйϵ
˵쾩ң쾩ĵһ壬쾩Ͼţ崨μȴһ
û˸ӺڣȻĸͷҰĵļ壬Ծ뿪Ƭ̶Ϊ֪μҶ磬˵׷Ƕǲ̫ܵġ
ĿȻǱ˺񣬹׼һԽΪμȻῴģһԼ˶ˡ
ȡֹҲ˴š
ǣ뾡˰취ڿ˼ѰһЩϡŹֵƷ
ô˵ɣܽŵģûһ˺ģֻҪǽˣμȻҲҪĵд
겻ͬǣһЩгһһһһˣֱռһŲˣ˶ֻԱ߶ԶԶؿţΪǳԷٶȺͷ̫ڰ˵Ķ»ˡ
λ˭̫ˣҪ͵ƷǮԻĽ
мҲһ£ȴû֪֪ûݵ˸ͽţ»ΪǻĳԻûԷ䷹ġ
ɷ룬䷹ģҲ˵ͨ˭μϵôԷⲻμҵĳӣμҵ
ӰȻ᲻֪ϳ⣬Ҳݵˣһ̾ӺŰӳȥ
˽ȥ˷¼Ի˭һңˣûˣ
õ˶м¼ģƫƫ˵ļ¼ȴûС
Ӱ֣Ҳˣȥ飬ôġϿ˻Ǵҡڴſڽģֻ֪ΪʲôʱſڽӴˣʲôû˵ͷˡ
ţ˵еˣӦֱһǸ˸ûп
Ȼе֣ӰʱҲֻɫ˱䣬ȻڰעţʱҪȥǡμҳ飬˵ȥҲǸЦҪôˣҲڣôҲҪˣٰúġ
£ʱӦѾˣμϣȴЩڲŸոտʼ
Ĺ쾩ԼƼȳãּ˷磬ϽԡȵһɵĸӵܣҲ׷ǰλμ١
ЩļǰɳӵܹҲΪպĺϵ׼
ЩȻҲǴģȴſھͽЩʵĴ壬ֱӰƷֽӰȡ
򵥵Ŀ֮ЩӵܣҲ׷ע⵽һϯϵĲͬ
е˳ʱֻɨһۣȻֱ˵ĳȷô֮󣬲ʶҹģ۾ﶼ𺳵Ŀ⣬ʶҹҲ𺳣һǴޱȵľ𺳡
ңӢǬ֮ҹһ£ͽһ籩ɾԪĴˣƺѾʧ˺ܳʱˣô
Щģǹ֮Ĵҵʿȳã˷ˣ֪ܶĻģƩҹҵ׷ɱ֮£쾩֮ĳɽ֮С
ֵ÷з׹عսһϢεģ֪Ҳֻ֪һʥع޳ѣ˸֪޳ҹˡ
ôỹţЩ˵ﶼʣЩŭ룬ȳ˷ܵ룡
ҹ˷ҹӦ˳۵ˣʧôʱ䣬û뵽һϲۣ
⻰ҲԶֹһ£֪ҹһǲֳϣʱ˵ҵʱ򣬾ԹĿͷҪȥˣܿٱҹһѡ
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ޱȻȸӴ󵨣Ȼֱ˹ȥҹߡ
һĿǰֻˣҪԭһϵĲ˿ûˣǸλһŲΣҪǶǸˡ
һμΪԼһģǿɾͿ޶ˡ
˿ޱһŮȻ֮䣬ؿҹòŵҹ㡭ˣ
һֱҹˣܵܶҹûĴԣһ֪ǼٵģޱǼ϶ҹû
ȳ֪ʵֻ˵һԸȻ֪Щ̫ʵ֣ɻǲѡ
ޱ˵Ǵʹ⻷һˣ˲塣
ҹ̧ͷ̯֣û𣿡
ûȥ޳֮ģЩޱ˵Ҳûʲô塣
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ҹ磬ûԱô죿ʯͷͻȻЩ죬ҲЩѹֵոˡ
ţһμ϶ٸϲ˵ģμһˣҹǺЦŵ
ŶҵţʯͷǺʵذ
ֻǸոԻһƬ˲Լͷҧ
˳ʮĲˣǾȻ˵ûԱ㿴ǸСʵģôҲμѿİô˵ֻǶǸˣ
ֵܣôȳҲ֪УʱȴҲ˲ôࡣ
㲻˰ɣޱҲʡ
⻹е鷳һ¡ҹƽ˵
ȳ΢΢գҵĴʱ䣬һֱûȥעСǱߡ
ӦҹҪúչ⣬ǽһʱûȥˣȳԼѵУЩ
ҿûйעֻ鷳ε飬Ƕùܣҹ˻˵ʲôֱӻְɣҵİɣ֪ģҴӲûյ顣
ȳҲҹ˼ε鷳ǰҪ󣬿ǻʲôܱȺø鷳
ת֮䣬ѾʲôҹμңڶԷϴķƺѾ˵ˡ
μңѵμұ쾩ҪѲ
ȳ֪μҵҪȻƼҲӰˣǴȳȴμܸᲢۡ
ҪԵ˭Ҿ׼ޱ˵
ҹ˼ԣεμйأμҲǣҪ֣ԶһȽϺá
ޱȴ룬ѾʧȥһᣬβʧȥˡȻⲻڣƺЩʤ֮䣬ɶƴС˵ֻʤû
ʵҲһ鷳£ȳѹֻӰٳޱС飬֪ޱеľ飬ƫƫүүξȻҲͬ⣬
ҹһ㶣ޱеĿʲô˼
Ҫ˵ʱ򣬸ոᵽǸȻˡ


269 ˵
ҹ֪Ƽõ˼޷䵱һޱѡ
ޱ˼ҲܲµһЩȳϣȻվһ߶ҹͲ飬Ȼ֪ܣҲκεϣ
γڼӰ֮ڳ˴к
飬㲻һֱ߶ƼҵޱǺǣǲޱҲˣ˺úġӰЦݣʮϲޱѾͷӡ
γʵͿޱˣʵǸλ̫ۣټӣֻĸˣһϵĲȡ
еûޱôô˹
γҲǸ˵ˣ΢Цžӭȥޱãȳ磬Ƕ˰λǡ
Ȼҹʯͷıӣ˭֪϶Ϊ̫ˡ
ޱؿҹȳҲȥǶ֪ûҹֱͬӾԼ˼ȥĻҹδػ̨ҹԸ֮֮ҪȴǰҪˡ
ҹüͷ¶ܾģôؿԼЩӲĳ
˵ˣôһΡҹȳ
һΣȳϲ֪ҹԲܲСæġ
ͬʱҲܸоҪĸҹߵһ̫С̫Сˡ
ǡγȻ˵ʲô˼
ޱʱվһЦҵҹ
Ȼһתͷҹܵλμγ顣
ãҹĶԷļһָӿеʯͷλҵСֵʯͷ
˭ˣγһ²ۣúСֵܲƵһøһʵĳԻ
٣ûԱҲ̫ˣʯͷӣЩεؿγ顣
γһԭأתͷͷԸˣ׼һƲˡЦμҵ磬ÿ˲ӶɾҲ̫ˡ
Ȼһôô˳ۣǸųޱѵҹǺ޲ܰЬЬףڲʱ
˵䣬Ѿ˰ѿ̶ʰһգһ̽һŲˡ
ʯͷ۾Ź⣬ѧҹӣγļ򣺡湻˼
γ䲻ôһģ첲ûѾʣٿǸСӣѾͶ뵽˸ӽϾĴսֻÿЦһˡ
﷢ƣγתҹ
ʱϢмѱ뵽崨պе¶˵μ磬ԾүӺظ٣ҹ˿ӣ˳ּ˿ӵ˳ٷԣٲɣ
˵Цˡγ룬ƣôҲҪٷ˳ظٵġ
ޱôϲһ⵰Ȼʶ磬׿Ǻܶ궼ûлعˣСӾȻ˵ʶ
γ˼ʱҹҲǹ۲ԷȫɻӣСӿ֪ǵ顣
Ҳ֣γ鲢ǹߣЩû֪ҲǺġ
ô˵μҵҰǲСôһСĶӣڼﲻôеλСһƼҵҵŮ׹Ҫ˵ûһͼǲ̫ܵġ
ѵμҲ쾩Ȧȥһˣ
ЩҹȻȥܣֻ˳һ¶ѡ
֪֮ǰеģγǫؼ̽Сܿʼּʱ䲻պʲôĻҪչָ㡣
˵˵ҹ߳Աߵͷ˵ģͳٷҲǵչġ
ȥԱ߶ϵˣѾγˡ
ĵ䷶ո˼ǻصչ˼ʾأ㣬μҵүѾʼ𲽽μҵҵˣСе֪֮
СӻҽӣһһһչģγûƢ
ܶ˻֪ҹ·˵һǸоɵǵſϷγôɵСӡ
Щ֪ģȴ֪ҹȻֻǺңһϳŵӵܣȴһǵĽɫ
󷲾쾩ᣬ裬ֻҹ¼˶֪˭˽ϾĴڻúúõģͺ˵ˡ
ǡǺǣǾͶлˡ˵γʾ⣬뿪ոϺõľƲˡ
ոյȷǴҹԲλ˼Էһſڣ̾ԼˣһԼӵˣᱻԼһ仰˵
˽¾¶ģѸٵóôһۣѾû˼ˣøϽȥ׼һ¡
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ʯͷѹɤ˵ģϧɤŶѹ˵Ҳͨ˵󣬾Ͳȹ㲥ˡ
γһôҲ̫ˣҼԻȣҶû˵ʲôأ͵ҵ桭ӦԼ˵ģҲ̫ˣԼոһתź˵һⲻ¶
ˣҾ͵ûɣԽ¶ԽϾӵֻμңԻ˵֪ʲô
˵γҹѵʯͷ˼ҼԷô˵أ
ãҹ¡
Լˣҹһ䣬ǳԷҪԡ
γֱӰѽŲӸˣҧгݾͻصӰߡ
ţ֪ˣӰҲͲ鵽ҹݣ˵ޱԳѣڸһɫȥûУ֮󣬼ǵ֪ͨһ
γӦһҹǱ߶񶾵ؿһۣת˴
ҹҲ֣Ǹ׾ȻڻûҹҲˣʯͷŶԷ϶뾡һа취ʯͷץߡ
Ȼ֪ʯͷʲôãɿ֮ǰǳɸٶҲ֪ʯͷǾԷŲµġ
лл㣬ҹޱڵ
ԼˣҪҹʼ磬ⱾҲǼС£Ƽ˵Լİĺܶ࣬ǴΣѵʱֻվԼߵģֻ飬ҹͲˡ
μΪʲôҪץǣȳԥһ£Сʵ
ԣμңҹͲˡ
²ֻμңǱҲзݡҹ˵
ţƼöһ£ȻμҪصöࡣ
ֲҹ˵ε飬֣ȻΪǺá
ҹͷ
ֵܣȳԥһ£Ǽ˵ʲôƼܰϵģ㾡ܿڣҸޱ
ƼұҲйŰɣҹʵ
лûУƼֹ壬ĳɸˣǸѡ
ֵ˵ȳ̾˿ԭƼţ֪ôģͻȻɽ
ȿȡ


270 ˣ
ҹڲ˲ûԼǺţû뵽ƼҾȻֵ֧ġ
ΪʲôɽҹǱκ˶һ£ó֮⣬һͷ
ŹͷûϣϵĴݲҲٲˣҪٲɽĻҲ²
û뵽飬ȻƼҳϹϵˡμͻȻγȢޱҲɴġ
ŸŵĹϵ϶òĶȥԶԣƼҸμңǰҲ϶мɵμٳ˵Ļ£쾩չ֮⣬»Ƽʾ˼
ŷɽȻŲһ֪ʧٵ飬һֲ߻ģǿ϶뵽ʲô
ƼҵĴҲ̫ðɣҹʵ
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үү˼ʱίһޱȳ΢΢ҡҡͷĲˣƼҲܿˣֺοޱ飿˵ʵҹҿܻһ˽ģܴһμңٽһ˵һŵĻ
仰Ȼ˵ü΢֮Ķˣ˭Ҳ벻μҵϣƼҴڸ˺ϻμͱء
ͱһƼҵƱػùһЩȻŷɽϢ֮󣬻ļ½ᷢѣûμҸƼôԹģܹЩִ磬ƼҲģŷɽ궼Ų˾͵ˡ
ȳҲ֪ʲôǱǿöĴڣҹȻԹ嶼ģοһӴأ
˵ףʶҹǸұؼֻˣ˾ߵҹȫ֪ڵҹжֲ
ãҾͰ˵ģݺͱһҹЦЦģͳǼ鷳ģҲԹۡ
ţȳȫûס
ҹҲûϸͣģޱãҲãҲκ˱ģŷɽûйϵӽƼҾš
ȳ˵˽ģȴ˽׵ظҹȳ˽ģҹȻŵ£ôıյҹȥš
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磬⣬Ⱳһˣޱģĵ˵һ仰
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Ƽô
ӰɫЩ仯ˣָԽԽͲĲ豭顣
֣ˡγ˽Ӱߵ
ţôûнӰüɻ
ڲ֣˵ҹǸСӣҪҵˣСӡγû˵ȥȻӰѾȫˡ
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ʯͷ⼸ܵȥˣҵ˶Ҳ㡣ȴкľȻʯͷҪȥ
㲻ǺˣҵȻһˡʯͷ̧ͷһۣȻųԶ
ȳҲǸ˾̾СӴӽ֮󣬾ûпͣ죬ھȻһ̲ͣسԡ
ʯͷɲҪ˺˵˵ǿǡܿһۣ˵ǿǴͬһطġ
ҲǺˡʯͷֹ
Ȼ֪ʯͷ츳ΪҹģĿҹʱ򣬸˼ֲơ
λֵܣ֪ôƺҹȥ
ҹҲ֣ܶ˶ҽҹ硣
۽ͷռıˣ˻ɣ
ЦͬʱѾ
֮ԼյĲһֻ֣һʯͷôԷһӦҲûС
׵ľѾɫϱֳˣǵؼΪȻκβǰС
Ƭ̺ҹɫذֳ˼
Ҳһֱץһ˵֣˶ỳȡˡʱԷǸһϣͻͻģһץ˶Ⱑ
εó˲ԱߵȳЦЦ֣ƴ٣һᣡ
ܼδٲǵңȳҲԷ֣Բ𰡣
׵ͷһողõֱ֣ͻͻġ
Բ𰡣ޱҲվ֣ǰ͵Ǹˡ
Ȼ֪ˣˣҲʡٲһˣԷȴǡ֡


271 ûл
׵ЩҲסϵڹϷˣӵһҹǣһޱǡ
ܿóΧ۵ĺܶҲܿó
ֻǺܶ˶ףƼãôһӱô󵨣ǵμʲôˣѵǹҪԷı
˷ЩˣѾ˵ЩŵϢҲ⣬ΪʲôǰƼûӰ֮飬ȴһӾˣȻμʾõġ
Ƽû˿ɽٲһǿͬˣǺܿͻΪǿƼʳζ
ƼĿĺԣּԼңܴһԭΪƼҡ
ȳԶȻǸμѿǵ粻أ˵μһôǴǰûҲͽˡ
ֻģȴ֣ŭѾȼ漴ɫһתЦλҵܵλƼҴСޱɣȷ󷽣ҵĵٺʲҿղײգڰ˵Ļ¸ɣ
Ӱ⻰ҲһǸޱûҪ޸γ˼ʱɨԼҵӰ
ƺŪޱɫ˱䣬̾Ҫ
˭֪һ̧ոѾƼҵүӴ绰Ҳͬ飬˵һжҪһϲãϲɣ
ޱɫЩ԰ףμұƵûǽ֮ǰֻǸһڷ磬ǵ̬ȣû뵽׾Ȼļ̾ͰҵĻ¡
ǣƼүӾȻͬˣμֲ֪ʲôʹֶΣƼұƵĳòЭĵزˡ
ֲã׼ޱҵô˵棬ɨμҵӣŻôĿŵرƻ顣
ȵȣΪʲô֪֮ǰĻȳ˿Ҳо˸ոҹĳŵ֪˶Էʵ֮Ѿôˡ
ƴ˵Цˣѵһˣթ𣿲ŵĻԴ绰ȥʣǲү׿ڴӦģ
ȳŶԷۣתȥȻȥƼҴ绰ˡ
ڳҲ̽ͷÿΪܺޱСһ֤ǼҸգԺҲܵĽգ⴫ȥҲһμѻ׿ޱ԰׵ɫ΢΢Щ⡣
ƼңѾˣȻҪȥȻ
δ٣ˣޱǾģѸپ͵һһٵ˵ޱûдҪ޸γ飬˭˵ģҶޣҡ
ҹƺҪöԷͬ⣬ҲֻǶһ¶ѣѾҹŮˣⱲӳҲҹ֮⣬Ҳ޸κˣ
۵
һʱ䣬֪ˤ˼ӣϵľ͸֪жˣе˿ӿһҧϣȻԼۡ
벻ڳˣҹû뵽ޱôһӦ
⣬һǳĶμϡ
Ҫô죿ޱҪҪȢˣȢո˵ЩǷƨȢɵ˼ҶѾõķ㻹ʵȥ׷㣬μԼ£Ҳ鰡
㻹ܰޱô죬ɱôʡ
˼ֻһŮ˶ѣûм֮ǰȨκε˽Ҫμҵͬ⡣
ǣμҰޱһʶûʣͰ˼Ҹˣ˼˵ԼԭװѾˣ㷴˼ң˻أҲûд㰡ǿҪġ
¶ЩˣһʱˣŶЩˡ
μͻȻ˾ﻹе顭
Ҽﻹе¶
ѽҳŵʱȻˡ
ҲȥμҲģԻΪϼưɣһʼԽַԼĴǣ߳ȥɡ
ʵڵμңѾں˵ʲôһԵˣҲû˻ȥ˵ʲôġ
ӰѾɫϣ⵹ҲΪ磬һǰûеۡ顣
ȳʱ򣬺ٵѾ߹ˣ˷硢뿴ֵ˶û£ֻʣҹһμҵ˶˳ȥүӡ
ðܺãƼһһǿޱǳϢˣ쾩һŮӰЦ͸ͷôһݴӰⱲӶǵģ
ޱҧҧ촽֪¶ǲˣμұҲܳɱһǧ˰˰ٵ
μ⻰˵ˣҹʱվμˣţǲǵûʲôϵǣܼǶꡣ
Ӱȭͷ˵Ҳһ۷ǿߣԷ˵Ҳ˶೤ʱ䡣
ģϼһˣҶӼţһֲٵضǡӰŭ
ӵȷҪţҹҲתͷȥףҸһᣬ˵ҵѾûбˣָ㻹ӵóȥ˵ǾͱҶ㲻ˡ
˵ʲôȻóԷĻ˵ˣ뿪ޱڣ˭Ҳ̤һȻŮ˸ҪʰС֮ٺúҼ̺㣡
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˵ֵزѾ˺Ƥ˭ҲٸԷء
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ߣÿĺõѾСӵŮˣμϺܺÿӰֻŭ
ȳȵؿһޱҹһۣҲ΢΢üޱÿܲԣҲֵܵЦ̫ոҸүүͨ绰˵ǵø˵ͬŻ£ȴμĻ磬ðμӲþܾͬ⣬¶ƺòȰɣ
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272 ʯͷľ
Цһ֪СЩŵոʱѾоˣΪͱһӵҪȴûлᣬ˶ѾˣȻٿ
ۿҹƵǰȫȻһǿ쫷ҹѹȹȥ
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˵ͨˣȳһЩˣЩܲѹ͵˼οҹأ
Ʋȴѹ˴˵ľ档
ҹʶ֮ǿںԷһƣ׾Ϳ֮£Ƥûգһ£ȻһĹ
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˵űиղŵѹҹƣǴֻѹԵУԵ
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㲻ҹ޳׵һͻȻðôһ仰
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ԭˣԭҹûȫʧϴҵĴϣѾ޳һΣֲ⣬ᣬ޳ǱѰԭԭ޳ҹҹ޳
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ȳҲͷһοʯͷ뿪ʱҲЩȣղһֱûע⣬ʯͷҲһ֣
Ϳʯͷߵ棬ӰķԸһΪһҹȥһʯͷΧ£
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ٷʯͷһȫûзأжȭͷˡǹߵȭͷٶģɲܰСһᲢۡ
ʯͷͬ־Ͳһ¶ȭҶţһû¶Ƶġ
ȳޱˣҹһСܣȻҲôǲа
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ؼʯͷϣҲһһѪ˿
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ǼؼҲǿ⣬Ҳ˵ڲҵʯͷһ𹥻ʯͷŰˣɼʯͷʽʵҲǷǳԵģٷ˵ؼôʱ䡣
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ǲǰæȥҡЩ˶ûгأҪҪЮҹǲ鷳ء
ȳûǰĵޱ˶㣬һ۵λãֻҹҪôɡ
ʯͷôҹȻˣʰױʯͷ
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͵תͷһ׶챻ҹ۸ˣͷţǽһҰ
УüӿٶȰСӽٲȥүǾǴʯͷʲôã
⻹õأ㿴ʯͷȭžܱ
ؼһۣ׷׶һ£ͬʱ̧֣ۣԽԽ󣬿Ҫһʯͷء
ҹʯͷΣգȳæһ
һؼŭ֮Ѿȳߣ޴Ȼ


273 ùӰ
⹩ҲʱȳҲҹһģ֮ǰȻû뵽ȥԸҪҹв̫ˣʯͷȥǶ˰Ѿǣסˡ
ʯͷĹؼʱ̣ȳһɤӣҪİҹˣǿɾͰ׷ˡ
ؼһʱȳȳȥˣʯͷܰȳץסҲвҹѴүˡ
˭֪ŸոֵȳǰмͺһĴ˵
ˬһƿǴýʵʵҹȳպñԼ򵽣
˷ܵõͷһӭǴү޹Ŀ⣬ʱ档
浱Ҳڰҹһȭ⹩ڵأԷүǸĻᶼûˡ
ŻһɨۿҹʱʯͷһξأɵֱۻӳȥʱѾ˶Էߡ
һҹɨ˳ȥһǺݺݴҹϣЩǵûиҹʲôӰ죬һԼըòᡣ
Щ˵Ĵҹְʯͷӵʯͷʲôа
ǾУʦ˵ˣֻҪѾһؼ۷µˣٴңʯͷָһڵϵˣ˶࣬ΪҸߣҴ򲻹ǣֻܳˡ
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ӰҲ꣬ѵһС仰ܰŵӰһ£ƺҵԼϣҹҵСӣĪ˵㣬үүԵҲǰСС
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275 
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ʯͷֻǸ۷ʵͷڹľóؼʵµġ
ڣμ·϶ʲôֽţҲ϶ûôס˵ôԶţƼñҲŹ䱣ڵģʯͷֻҹΪ˱նѡ
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Ƽʱ򣬻ͨѰ֧һ£崨μҾһҶû˭ѡ
һӰܵģʱ쾩Щ嶼ҪӳɹʼնһҶҲһһǹɱģͼ崨̵ˣһıɢֻ˳ȥ
˵μҵķչʷһпսʷų¸˭ͻ
Ҳһɽǲ֪жٱͱȹˣ˹һһڣֻ²ð죬μҲûˡ

ܽɽ˶ǰԨҹѾ֪ĵܽɽʱ˵ûҪ·
ϾܽɽܴҹˣûʱȥһƯΣһ·ŷ羰ȥ
Ҳʶ֪࣬ʱʲôֻԼ̫ҹ֪˵ص֮·ģҲܱ֤˳һҵ˶ѣһ·Ƿǳģٶȣ͵˶ڡ
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⻰ˣҪôˣҪôΪıɱֱ˵ףʮ׶Ԩ۾ܿĵط̤ܲĵطûУȥ
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һһԷˣȻЦһ£ԥ͸ȥ
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ΨһûȽǣ走ȫˣʯͷôǰ壿
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ʱһһ顣


279 ʧٵԭ
λϣϻˣǸոոʯͷһأҹĺһʯѾͷ
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ɫһţҺҵţȻҶΪ߻ħء
ܷٻһ𣿡ڿڣ֮ɫ
߰ɡҹҲתͳȥ
ħʯܵס·ˣ޴ħʯ˵ʮؼǿߵħʯѾҹ飬Ĺǻң󲿷ҲⷽԲ׵ķΧ
˸ҹһٻħʯʣµġʬʱֲһ˸УħʯܳãžǻˣǲҲùǣ
ҵģ޷ǾѡҪǷΪصĳϺ͵ӳͷҪǷҪǵп޵ӣĶŪز
źͳ϶ȥˣʣǱĵҪɢˣô˵ԼЩ˶Ҫˣ
һʱӶû⣬ߺͲߣˡ
ʵͨ죬Ѿﵽ˴˵е켶ɣٻ֮ҹһ
С϶ǵһ
ղҲֻǾҹʵ̫ǿֱˣһ룬ɲôܰؼ۷ֶôǱ켶ʲô
һȻвʣ켶ǿߵĻȴֱȻˡ
ҹ̹Ȼϡ
ǰһϿҵǧŵĴǷǲͷ֣ҲֵһǰԹûгҴԲлֻǡǰ̧֣Źڶ೤ϵӣһ𣡡
˵λһģͨ˵ϡ
¹ЩӣٲɶûˣŻиƨӡĴһҹ顣
켶ǿߣҪٵʵ̫ˣ
һ£Ҳһͬ£ǰһҵԸһл
ǡò֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ôˣŲһ
ǶȥѵҪȥţҹɡ
һǰһ漴վ
ǰԸ⣬λʹҹģø֮λʲô
˵ҹ켶ǿߣôһλǿţ벻ţСҪҲΪһˣ
ôһ룬Լȸߴֵù
ûȤҹһ仰ѻˣ㣬˵ץ⣬ѾˣʲôϢûУ
һ㶣̷ӦҹΪʲôŭΪʲôɱִţʵȫΪЩѣﻹҵ
û˵ѣȷûץ̻شǵĽ⵱еҪĪСλӦˣŻᱻԷһץߣֶԸɺ͹˵֮󣬷ֳϵ֮⣬ĶûʲôԾжϣε飬пܸйϵ
Ŷ֮ǰ˵仰ʱҹһû뵽һΰ˵
֮ǰ飬ܵţҲ˼͸ˣ֪̾ҹ뵽ʲôɵìܣĿ
λɫЩȻ֮ǰô˵ҹǿƴģڱ˴ûˣͱĿˣŵƤҲԽԽˡ
ʲô˼ҹʵ
νңԼھУԺܿûлøͨ͸һﾹȻɺ͹ûץˣܵõɼϢⷽ棬Ǳʥ궼Ҫǿˡ
ȻҲʥĿˣЩɵԭ
жϣǰλѣܿǱ˴ߣδؾҪɱǣ߱ʵ⣬ȶһ񣬴ʱָЩŵķ緶⣬Ȼ˶ҪõĶҲ⣬ϢһʱҲע󷲵õ˵⣬˭Ҳⶫ֪żȻ֪ҲȫǸ֪ɱԱȫܣܵõ⣬ΪȻﲻǰΪҲڵؼ۷壬֮ǰŮ˵õ˵⣬ҶеŮһЩɸѡҵĶϱٻȽϿ֮⣬˻̫ܡ
ҹÿɷʾԷ˵
״Ϣ˵пܵõ⣬ҵʱҲĲΪȻȥţϢ͸¶ȥҾ͸ӻĶˣڿȻҪңõˣܿܣǰˡ
㵽˵ʲôҹԽ˵ԽԶˡ
ܿһҲѵͷֱ治Ϊ˳ִǰλѣһбԭ򣬡һΪ˵⣬Ǵ԰ѸĪС˸ɱˣֻһͺˣȴһʧ٣Ҳ㹻˵Ϊ˵ô򵥡


280 Ů
ҹǰһһֱڵϾţǻҲǺܺ
ֻΪ˵⣬ǶСˣһöûеģ׸ֱӰɱøһЩ
˵Ϊʲôҹʡ
ҲһΣ˵ĶƲ⣬ʵδ׼ȷģֻǾȽϺѣ׼ȷԭʲôҲǲ֪ʮ˽׽һΣҴɵĵӲлᣬһҲһЩĿģеģʱҲ׽ѡһЩʼõˣ磬ΪɵӣҲʮǰ޶׽ĵУģôǰλѣҲпǱЩɵӿʡ
Уǻ˵ҲرţҲ֮ǰһֻʣǴɲðѸץߣҲʲôġ
Ҫ˵һˡֿԸСɣ
Ļֻ˵ҹʶЩһǹ̥Ķô˰
ʣ˵ûţҹȴıһ¡
ʺõĻĪС϶Ҫһ͵˸ĵãԼǷٶȿľ
أȻûĪСô죬۲ӵ;Ҳһʣֶֻòһۿġ
ҹҲҿ϶Ͼ츳ֶҹ˵ûа취Եģˣûа취Ե⻹ǲ֪
˵⣬ʱ˵壬ҹ֪壬㲻һرʣ֮⼸ϣĶر֮˿Ҳ治ǲܵġ
Ʋ⣬ӦһҲҹ׽ܵһ
Ļǵİȫ⣬ֻҪԼ鴦׵ˣȥһ磬ҲͲʲôˡ
ҹɫã˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôֻĬĬصȴţ˵ʲô
ҹ̬ȣƺҪŸϾɱˣӦΨһһ¡
Լˣոձ̵òģôŵĵӣӻ¼µûﶯҡЩֻˣܰŸûѾ֪ˡ
崨μң׼ôҹĬһ֮ڿˡ

˶һҹʣĲٸżƽˡ
פμҵӼ̳ܽɽӰӲϣΪԽšǷӦ죬̾Ͱμҵһо˵˳
ţμң崨˵һҶģһУýˡҹ
ǸýˣӰôҲû뵽һμңҹôһ仰͸սˡ
ŵܿѾȥפŵӶЩ죬ɵǲȥģֻӰ̾ᵽΣյϢ
ǧټƣ뷽跨Ŵŵ˿еõһϢˣˡ
Ȼ󣬻ҪʲôȻأӰԼҲûŵӵݣǰµķ³ǿ֪ġ
ܣӰֻ뵽һ֡
ô£ʮа˾ŶΪǸץ׵ҹŶԸˣӴ綼ˣҹٻعͷԸʮӰҲİ
·Ҫģ̾ͰѶγ飬ԼֱϵܴߵĶʹϣľˣ˵μҾ޴Ĳҵ˰ɣҪûʱٻҲ٣ڲܣöûˣҵǸ˱ˣ
һӻţһҹ֮ܵûӰˣ¶μҵ˶̫
ʵӰҹˣҹͲȥԸ˵ڵҹҪμңĶȰ֣˵һԭμҵĹֱӾͰμҸˡ
Ҳò˵ӰĽ˲ٵĺôϢһ֮μҵĵ̣Ƿһ㣬ǰܵμҴѹļʳˡ
ʱӰ崨Ļ˵ᱻ˶ˡ
崨μˣ쾩ƼҵҲֹ̫ۣҵϵĳͻԭƼҹϵңȻʼϵʳƼҲҵ
ͬʱԼּҲƼңǵ˵ϵǣתۼϹÿһڣҪǸˡ
Ƽҵ̬أƼҾȻһǰʱƣȻӲŶֻʣһտӣҲƼҵһשһ߶߬Լ
Ƽ̬ȣܶ˶о֣ƼҾȻʱ򣬶Ż
ûˣŷɽˣŵҲ½ƼҳعԼɽţʮ֮ڣٳƼϵ˭֪ʮꣿ˵ʮˣȥò꣬ƼҾͱȻΪʷ
֮ҲЩͻ˵ĳͻʵܶʱ˹ġ
ƼȻһ߶ûУŻع֮ǵĹٵÿ
һҲ֪ƼģһԱƴؼˣСӸѹ
׻˵ûҲܲסһȺǣοڵǣһƥǣһȺ񻢣ƴԷѾֵýˣԼҲ漴˴ˡ
ƼңòһκˣͲѼŴ
ƼҲˣʵ˶ֻƼԼЩһšʵӦģ崨ǸӰһһͷ֮̾һǮӵĵطȥȥûκġ
Ѿüˣ֪ҹʲôʱƼµһ̫ľưޱڰ̨ߣܽűҲ֪ʲô
𣿡ȳȥ
ţֻҪ˵ģһƼңֻǡޱ̾˿Ѱ
ǰȳҲͬУ֪˲ǳ֮Ƶġ
˵ҹޱȵ
Ҳ˵ɿֻǣȳЩϧЩˣֻŶҵͷԣΪһţܱż岻ڣֻǼ춼ôܣǵֳܷһЩΪһЩ˵ؼҲû˸ô۸˰ɣ
ȳеؼΪֻǵؼڣҲڴˣ鷳ˣҪһº
ؼڵĹߣһҲǺֲܿġڣֲ
ǰӢǬһޱҲЩ㽡
ӢǬȳЦҪü嶼£Ըˡ
ӢǬǵؼ۷壬һǸҵţΪ̫ţŻôˣǼɵúܡ
磬ŮҮ
пţͻȻһ̫гð߸Ż̵ˣֵؽˡ
ŮӣҲһɫС̫ô磬ʱˣú޲ܰ·Ŀ⣬ޱҪλ


281 嶯ĳͷ
˭ǽģȳɫ΢ŭ
ǽΪ̫ˣԲŻܵСưĿ徲һ¡
һʱѾ˴ֹͣӪҵӣ濴ţ˭֪ǻдʵһ
ӴǴ˵еĸɣ
ǰ˰ݵӲͦ㰡ζòã
үӸòãǻûô߼Ļأ
ȥޱ㿪һ֣ŭٲȥǾͱˡ
ʱƼҴСܹ裿
Ǯ˯˲𰡣Ǹ
ž
ȳҲ޿̣˦һƺȥǼٲһȥ
ԲۣˣΪǰֵܸϣһëкţ̾ͰȳΧ
ȳȻΪֻ̫ͣһŶѣǹ߾ǹߣȻ˼ȭǼСһⱻñס
ɱ
С̫￴˰ϷʱȴͻȻ˸ǿŮһ漴ܶȥ
ûһӣС̫ٴһģƷľԱ
һСָ̫ȳϷңѿȥ˵䣬Ͷִˣ㿴Ǵúذ
СʱڵϺߴʱһˣ̾ͽеøӴ
ԱȳһۣŮ͹˺ǻȥ
ȳЦһôͶݺýָͷҲ֪ô¡
ǴǰЩЩˡǶ˵һΣֱ˸ˡ
Сӣ嶯ҪܵͷġԱȳЩмı飬Ҳ΢΢Щˬ䲻˵һ䡣
ĸľԱúͻأ
˶ͷȥֻһˣ滹ͷӣǺȻͷ˵ĳǶǺֹܽظ˺棬òƸ
ҹޱ˵ʱһϲһеس˹ȥ
ˣ齻Ұɡҹɫޱĸ첲¡
ޱʧ䣬ԭҪᣬͶҹĻɶԷȴûиᡣ
崨ʱڶ˵棬׿ԼѾҹŮˣ֮⣬ò˵ҲһЩС˼
ڿʲô˼ҹԸˡ
ҹãĿˡˣޱ˲ͨһܵãҲһֲѡɡ
ǣĸˣҹʵ
˭Ҫִй񡣡ԱȻûаҹ
ϲʶҹʥ֤ó
Ա۾ͬʱһ£ȻӣȻĬ
ʶͺãҾʡ˸Ǿֳ绰ˣ˽ңǿˡҹԸ
ԱЩΣôˣô¶أؼǡ
ߣҿԲȥ˭ָʹģǻټȥĻҸǵһᣬҹ˵ĿʮƽȻǿԼѡ񣬲ҿԸǣûһѡ񣬻ڸǵĻá
Ա˿Է˵ҲʥʲôְλֻҪ룬ȫκɰ˸ת
˰ɣ£ʵʵ˰ɣ
ǲ֤߰ݣƵ֤һˣС̫ͳֻ̾Ͱ²ż
ҹһȻȳĻ棬СǱòҲ̶á
ĵúȵҹۡ
ǵȻģС̫õ⡣
ҲĿǱϣֻԼְ飬ϸڵȴǲ̫ڿƵС̫ãֻ˿һ£滭˭׵ģ
ͷƵϰɣҹЦЦƴȭС죬Ƶڴǰ¾Ĳ󰡡
ǻץС̫òƵģҹӦҲһ졣
ǺǣҹЦˣʲôʱ˵Ҫץ߰ɣҲǣҪ׬Ǯúÿһ£ôȥƵɡ
ֵܣ㵽ı߶İȳЦ
㡭ǣС̫øˣƾʲô
ƾҴǣҲҹܣ˵ҹָߵſڵľ졣
˻һͷǿЦһ£¶ɣ治ҹܣ˭ȥʥ˰ǲǳԱ˳ŵ
ҸǣǿˣǴǣһʰ㣡ϵС쿴춼ˣҲָҹ
ҹû˵ʲôأļͷȲˣ̧֮䣬˵ǸС죬Ѿɵ˾ưȥˡ
νмһ֣֪ûСոȳҲܲңȴûаǴ£ΪǱģɸոͷһ֣ȫһˡ
ԸȳҪȫĻ˵Ҳܴһ࣬ҪԸոճǸͷǼ߶մοͷɲֻһ
ܣ
Ǻһˡ
ǰû˵֮ǰ˭Ҳߡһͷһε͵ſڣŸסˡ
߰ɣҹ˻֣ЩСϺףҲʲʲô
ȳҲ¶Щ˾Ȼٹģʵǳȥ
ۿҹˣҲ˼˵ʲôϾ¶ҹƽģԹĻǾ̫¶ˡ
żģЩСϺʲô˼ҹǿȳı
ȳڨЦһ˵Ҳǣƴʲôʱ۸ЩСΪˣ
ҹ磬һɣиλޱҹλ˿ȥҲ֪ôƺλǰ֪ܲܺȾƣ
ǲøԺǾĹˣԴöȣһжаȻɽʲôҪҲԾ֡ҹ˷Ը
ԭƴС㣬ҪٺʹСİȫԻǲƵĺá׵һλ˵
̷ϣ˵ΪǺҲʲôӰ죬һμ棬ÿ˺һҲףҺ죬ðɣҹͷȥ
Ȼǰ˵ֵܾ͹ˡ̷̵ͷ
ֵܣλǰǡȳҲ΢΢Σ֪Ҫôƺ
˵Ϊƣ֮Ǹеĸ֣ô󣬽һǰ˵ʲģƫƫһѵͷҹһһǰȴƺҹֵܣҵˡ
ȳҲ֪ܶԷôƺܲˣϾԺҲ¶ҹ֣ǴԼı
λŵĳϣؼ۷ǿߣţĵؼ۷壬ϴҿǸؼ۷岻һģҹ͵ƼңӦ㹻˰ɣ
ؼ۷壬ĵؼ۷壡⡭̫ˣ
ҿ˭ıӵҴˣһŵ
嶯ҪܵͷİȳЩλġ


282 Ͳ
ؼ۷壬Ŀǰ߾ˣȻؼ۷Ҳǿ֣֮ɾģҲǾԵǿߡ
һڹٳĵؼ۷壬ԵӢǬŻ֮ܵ˵Ĺע
ң֮ǰνĵؼ۷幩ҲЩ鸡֮ǰ˵ģҩһЩֶǿĵؼ۷壬ʵϻġ
Щ˵ؼ۷ˣһĵؼڸ
Ҳ켶켶͸Ӵ˵ˣȳûмŶڼһҹҹ켶Ȼûģʵǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
֮ܶҹӹ˵ǵؼ۷ĸ֣ǿ϶ĵؼ۷壬ǿֻҪһ㹻һ壬ھȻ
ţⲻҹȥ¶Ǹ
ȳЩӽͷöȻҲûȥעԶ崨飬Ҳ֪μٵƼһҡ
ô˵ƼҵҪȥˣΪҹĵؼ۷幩
ƼңֻˣҹָָλϣҲû취էģһӸôļϹЩ̫ˣûɣ
ֵܣǡȳЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҹ磬ޱЦЦҾͲ˵ллˡ
ҹŪؼ۷壬ҿ϶ֻؼ۷嶼ˣԺĹ٣
ؼǣ˻ֻζţӴ֮ƼңѾǵˣκˣҲ˿в
ֹӵ˵˭Ҳ֪һ̻᲻ðʲôţܰǸȥ
ʵһݴ󵽲ٴĺ
ޱ˵ҹޱͷ
ҹһζޱܵľٶ
ȳҲѾеزޱҹĳƺ˱仯ǰֱˡҹ硱
Ŀ⿴ȥʱޱ͸һ̹ȻȴִεЦݡ
ޱҲףҹǸע޷ץסˣҲãȳ̾һȴ־ʧΪһ¡
䲻ҹֻһЩ
˹ҴˣǻòͷˣϣٲӾʹʱǻᱻøҡ
ҹû˵ʲô̷ϾվȥˣֻҹûпڣҲֱӾȥ졣
һ۷ѣ߾ˣ̫ءҹ
̷ϻͷһϿһۣԷ̾תȥˡ
ʮҽλѾص˾ư
˼λϣȳЩǸһʹЩ鷳飬ȻƼҰɣ˵һЩ»Ҫһλ£ʵĻڸǰ¶棬ǿ
żߣҺ뿴ˣʲôû̷ϱ̬ҹ˵ˣǿ֪ƼҵʵھõĻᣬֻаǴˣƼҲȹȻĻﻹҪóһʱȵء
ȳʵҲһλȥļչʾվЩƣ϶ڰµˣȫſ£Щ˶ҲȽָʾԵʵֻȳҲҪһ£λϾǵһ쵽ǽ֣ԵƼǷһ
ƴٲõǣ̷º͵ЦЦȻһɽ򣬲Щ飬ҵҲİƼҵʵҲ֪ģ굽ˣĸ嶼⣬ҲЩ˳ʱ˵Ϸû֣ҲýεĻᣬúûһ£ᣬ۸ˡ
ȳ̾ҹ̫ĹôԼӣ̫ˡ
ʵ֪ģ̷˵ȻǿҲһģЩϵȷǼ궼ûĸ˶֣ΨһոշһμײԻͷҴܶա
ҹǲٶˣǿ϶ģǼһЩɳԼȭͷҲ˱һڶ
Ȼҵ̬ȶˣ˶ٶȳ̾ͷԸȥ׼ƲˣǲȣЩҲܵˣҹҪúøл
ʱ䲻ҲǱ˴˶ϤһЩԳԺȺ֮䣬ദõҲʮǢ
ؼڣҹͻȻתһͷ̷ϵ鷳λȥһˡ
̷ϹһЦǰ˵ﻰȳţȥȥ
վߣҹǶһǵǣ˭ˡ
ȳ΢΢ҡͷЩ˼Ȼҳ;Բ˵ģƼ֪˭µİӣûʵҲû֤ݣⶫ˭ϣֻƼԼվ
ʵƼˣҵЩ˲˵ֻЩΪ̫ˣ̷Ǽ벻ʡҹ
ȻģһӺ̷ʦܣЩڨڨػˣ˼ǰոһʱֿ죬ûʣˣҪڰŪʣ
ȳп鷳ģһͲһˮϯ
ҹԷ֣ˣдҪǾôˣҲ˵е̫Щ
ǳԳԺȺȣһֱԵɫǸһ䡣
ȳɳҹҲûбĵطȥҲһƼҡ
˰Ҷסˣʻ˸ƧҹƵ˵һ
ȻͿǰ󣬶Ѿ˶ϣڣһ֪Ƿֳġ
ī˪ššţ̷ɨһۣ̾ͱ˵ɣɵĳϣҶмĽ顣
Ŷҹ̷ϣ֪Ƿֱֵ֧ĸ𣿡
Ǻʣ쾩Ƽ֮塣̷ϵ
ҹ°ֻۣ֪ĸֵ֧ңҲȥǡ
һ˵̷ɫΣԭ֧쾩ҵɡš
Ѿˡ
Ŷһɣ֧壿ҹû뵽ϵ
һˣ֮ǰ˵Ǹз硭ҲԳз磬ŵĵӣ¶֮ǰѾ֪ģ֧Ҳˡ
һ֧壬ֻҪʵҲδɣһɺֻҪǵĲܴﵽҲǲܣϾ˫ֻһѡ̷Ͻ͵
ΪڳװͿԶһ𣿡ҹﻹû˵һѾȲˣһսǴӳǾ
˭û棿ҹʡ
֮⣬ʦܺʦܶûмǣ̷ϵʵֻҪҳ棬ǿţӦòٽƼ˰ɣ
ֻ뿴ҵ¶ĺֶԸƼҡҹ
ʦܣǾְɡ̷ϰ̾һ쾩壬รɣ


283 һϰ
䳤ϵ˵ͷ򿪳ȥ
λҲǹˣ֪ʲôȥǵĳ䳤ʵ
ǵˣѵΪô𣿡һݸˣ䳤Ϻȵ
ĸǵˣ䳤ҲЦһҽ˿ɲ٣һЩС飬˵˵ĸǵˣУ˲˵ļҵĹҲ˵ʡôˣʱˣҲܣ
ƼĹݸʵ
䳤ϻӦ
ǾʹˣݸƳ䳤һۣô꣬Ҳ׵ķϣһ䣬ƼҴˣ뿪㻹һΪ㲻ţǿɾͱˡ
ī˪ššţҲһɣ˹ȻС˭ҵĹ˵ˣǵĵū԰ɣ䳤ϳ
ҹ˸Ĵָ䳤Ͽ˵࣬ȴһģ⼸仰ĸˣҲñֱð̡
˹ȻǶˣҲ˵ֱӾͿ
ʵĵؼڣ䳤ȻѾǵؼ۷壬ǴҲЩ׽⣬⣬ٴһʱ̣䳤Ͽ϶һܵĽ
ī˪ššţɣĸǿһЩҹս̷ʵ
ī˪šţɶ֮࣬ǰ֧ƼҵԲһЩŵĻŵʵ¡̷Ͻš
ˣҲ䳤̫ίˣߡҹ˵һԸ˾ֱӿ˳ȥ
ȳһ̴󾽣䳤ϡ
ͷһĹһսͰ˸ǶˣҪԼǹĻСĸζİɣ
ù̷ЦʦΪһ뿪ЩҲס֮˹˼ɣӷŵÿ
⵱Ȼڿ䳤ϣ෴ҹһֱ￴ȥ䳤ϾֻܸԷɺģضûУŸ׳Կ
ӣһ֧ŲסԼ·ˣݸӿӱ۶ȥɹЦҴָ·ƼҴˡ
˵˵ļҵģ䳤ϻҹķԸһֱش̽ţ˵ĿԿǿǡ
ŶݸһȻͣЦʶʱΪܣ˭һ֪ƼǾˣҹȳǻصƼҵʱѾˡ
˵ǵѾƼң䳤һ
Ǻǣֻȥˣһǵؼ۷ǿߣֻһҿҲǵؼ۷壬ɶԸЩټؼ۷أݸʵ
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ˣ̾Ҫȥ׷
ùˣҿҲɵһƼҲˣǰ˰ɣݸȴΪȻ˭ῴһԼܵĹ壿
˵õҲǣҲȥƼҰɣ˵ܸϿһϷһЦ
˵Ҳǣѵܾһ𣬿ƼôģҲǸӣݸҲЦˣ˵ף壬ûǹɵ֧ţǻȥġ
ȻɣǴʱ൱г

䳤ߵòǺҹһ𵽴Ƽҡ
ǰ˵Ѿ˽Ƽңǡ䳤ͷ϶Ѿܳڵؼ۷˵ƽǲܵ顣
ȳ˿üͷѾƼҵĴб߻ĺۼо˲
̷ϣҹ۾һâȥ֮󣬷Ƽҵˣɱ
̷Ҳһ£֮ǰ֪Ƽϣ϶ҪЩһ£ֻҪפƼңҲͲٸϾɱֻ֮ǰƼҳԵЩСҲֻǰ׳ˣûа취飬Ҳǲܵġ
ҹĿģȻǰƽô򵥣ҪƼܵίֻһǼӱġ
ȳޱҲҹһɱָˣǶǴСڹﳤģȻ֪Щ乩֮׼
ɱڹҲ̫İڹĹֱӸͻ֮ǰ˵һɵĹ֮䣬ֻһֺϵһɵĹ乩սǾݱ˹ɵĴս˭Ը⿴ġ
ԹڼĹĶ֣ǸɵĹ䡣Ҳ֪мĹϵһ£ҲıֲɵͣҪսĳͻ
һβͬˣҹȻ棬˵ǹ䣬˵˵Ĺ壬Ҳ԰ίһЦ֮ˡ
˵ɱǿ϶ҪˣŵЩϣ᲻֮ĬðɴսķգƼɱ
ɱ
Ƽÿǣ̷ϵĿҲһ£漴̾ظҹ
ӰԾƼҵĸǽ˲Ϣ֮䣬̾ԭļž״ơʱȳãҲҹӴһ߽Ժӡ
̷񽭣ǷôһСݸɣ۾ȴž̷ָϵ
ʵǲ⣬ŵؼ۷峤ϣӽһ仰˵Ƶɱ֣ʵ̫ϳˡ
꿵Ƽ֧֣ƼˣҲܲܣ̷˵֮䣬ֶͣµġ
һɵˣ뵱µһ˰ɣһ
ʷ㲻ùǻֵµһŲҵǽԺӵˣҪȥǲ̫ˡ̷ҲЦһ
ɱ֮ǰҲҲп࣬ڶ֮󣬷Ǻ
ҹ˵ɱҪĻ֮ǰһУŬҹֹϵҲͰ׷ˡ仰˵õҹΣǸɴսô
ƼҴԺ˿̵µ˲ֻһƼԼĵͽ׹䣬˿ȻûһҲ౻ˡ
ƼҵүӣԼƼֱϵһ˵ȣ˿̶ɫҰ棬֪һڽӣƼҹˡ
ҹ߽Ժ֮һ絽ڵϵʯͷߣó˵úأ˿ͷڸ첲棬һ
ʯͷҹһ¡
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ಡ
˵䣬ӰƼҵԺǸոո䳤϶սؼ֡
ãҲһϰɡҹɨ˶Էһۡ


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үүȳޱǵһʱ䵽Ƽүߡ
ǸҹƳҵһ֮˿̿Ʒת˼̾ȶ
үүҹˣƼұסˣȳæոնֵˣŵĵؼ۷峤ϣӴ֧֮Ƽңλϻ᳣פƼҡ
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ĶķСӣ꿵ҹոնԷĻҲȻڳԣҪһ˵ǾŸ
˵Сһ̷ݵ˵
꿵Ц̷񽭣Ҳ֪ǷʲôԺҪƼҿԸ㣬˵֣ǶƼҲˣʶģƼƲʡһ֮
ƾǳţ䳤һȻڳŲ̫𣬡һõѡΪŻ˳
ҹĿת̷ϣԷһ
ǰˡҡ̷϶ͷЩ
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ǣ̷΢΢һԲᡣ
֮ǰҹЩֵ֧ĸ壬̷ģֻ˵ɸո䳤ϵĻǺֵ֧ľҡ
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ڸһᣬ֪̫룬֮һΪʲôƼңҹʵ壬ʲô̶ȣ˵˳ŵˣľͿˡ
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ʵ¶ֻ֣ʷҹ֣Ҳ֪ǰֻǡһλߣ룬Ҳþܾ
Ŷߣҹɫһз磿
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˼ԼҺּңε֮󣬲õʲô棿ҹʡ
ԼּҲõһЩǶСͷһؼ۷ҲֵʵּԼδֻǾǲ֣ҲֻǵҺǸߣƼһǲ⸲ԡ
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ǲұøǿ󣬵ѾǿǿƲסĵزǾֻվӣϣҲҪ̫ͷ쵽Լ
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ңֻ֣µĻҵĹʷɫͰ꿵Ƴȥˡ
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˳ƼһƼҽЩˣӦǻ̻ɱչءݸ˵
ҹЦһͳƼѼҲûʲôϵЩߣ˼ˣҲֻǰףٻȥһչأˡ
ݸڨڨصͷȥ˼Ҳô˼ɡ
ǽô㣿ҹǼˡ

ƺҲһ⣬Ž¶ɲˣǻȥĻģǱ߶ûа취ԣǽѰ
ǵȥչذɣҹӻֻ֣ʲô¶Ѿˡ
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ŵңǿĵؼ۷壬˵ȴصһƫƫŻҵһ˭εǣ꿵ǸʯͷСһ
Ҫǣ˵˽СҹʱҾѾ˼㡣
˭֪ҹ֮ĶԹûѾ͹˵ˡ

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ңҲ׵Ƿʲô顣
ƼҾȻˣʼЭ۳һЩҵ⣬ȻȻܡ
ڼ۸ǿ϶ǺݺݿƼʮ˵Ψһû뵽ǣʮ˵ƳҵģûжϵֱӾεƨȥЦǺǵؽʵ
ĪƼүЦʵŶ֪Լıʲôӵģһؼҿܾͷˡ
˶²ţָУûһΪƼүӻеƵ
еƣҪеĻԼϵӶ
ô˵Ƽңսˣ


285 鷳
Һܽ쾩ǵĴһһġ
ҲңΪһҲǣȻһΣҲûиǺȣҶѾˡ
쾩ƺƽǰһֻģҶоʲôڷţҪһıһ
ָоˣȦģʵҡ֮ǰؼ۷ĹͻȻɽչأȻûֱӸ˵ʲôҲõӴ˵Ϣֻмֶѣ̫
ڵ죬ҶҪԷϹϵʵƻںʱѾʵʩˣڣǷҪͽĶѾǿ˲ҪϵʱЩ̿֡
ִֻ̿ĶǸ׽֪һˣȴҪԷϵöԷڶԸԼʱ򣬶һЩ֡
ɣԼͬĴϢǲҪߵ̫ԼҺּҶЩˣ϶ʲô֪ģȻֹ鷢
һϢŸߵ֧Ƽؽ
ţһɣǰ֧쾩ҵģɺ֪ôģͻȻ֮ͳˡһϢ崨ֵ֧μңҲѾˣμҸǱڶСϷ֡
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űϢûб֤ʵһϢһҹˣһ˶սؼ۷壬һǰڣ˫սҹֻһƽ֡
Ϣһȫһ֣
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أҿú˰ƼչĲҵһ¹һ£ҵıǩǰĿտӣת˲֮ѪˣֻҲƣǸˡ
κ˶ܸоǿǰǿ˵ǰֻǺų쾩һ壬˵ǵڶû˸˵Լǵһˡ

쾩ĳư
׼ʲôʱߣõһھͰǰľƸȹˣȻ
ɣҲ⼸졣ҹһھƣʲô顣
ܲܡõԥš
ܣҹ˵꣬ѾܾͺúʥŰɣҵ˶ǣʮֺĻǻġ
粻ڣֶˣһû˼õƲƲǣҲ֪Է׸ıˡ
ǺǣͶ׹ɣһʱ׹˼ġҹЦЦ
ںܶɶѾ˵׹һŮعϣҾ˵׹Ǳ߶عѾʧ٣ȴҲ֪ĸȰ಻סˡ
ΪʲôҲܸһȥõ˳
滰Ǽٻҹʡ
ϻõûص
İ⣬ûѡҹЦ
õһֻǼŶԷ
ٻǣҲ֪ȥʲô㣬ΣաҹôҲ˵ٻ
滰أõġ
滰ǣҲ֪һķմﲻĻǻҪģҹʼ磬Ϣʯͷ֪һЩ밲ȻȥĻֻôʯҺСᡢʯͷ˶ͨѾҪܶʯˣټĻͲá
ҾͱˣõЩġ
Ů˵ֻҰġҹȤ
뿴㱻ӣ˿϶˧õݺݵ
Ůһ𣿡
ţͻȻ˼˹˿ȥʮͣĿƵƵõϴתһתͷҹòؽһѱʱԿ׷ڰ̨ϡ
ллҹְԿװԼĿڴ
л˱һæͳҹץȥĶץùˣлʲôлӳԿû
һΪǸŮȾƵĻأҹװ죬ԿףӴȻģ
ӣҲܿʱݵ𣿡лһѽԿץȻԼһѣûбʱ˿
ҿѵȻǼٵģ񰡡ҹظ̾š
õһЦһ֪ԼǰƶĻ᲻ˣﶺء뵽ܡ
˵⵱Ȼģ˼æףҪǱŮõ̯װƵĻ椼ƻɾˣŮģŶǸջģȤһȥ쾩ҹڳϿǺġ
̫ǶţĶҹҹһ߶ɻ
ˣûʲô˵ģ˱ĵؿ˶ԷһֽۣŰͽᣬŮôõʱ⣬ô˷ûϣȥ桭
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ǶǵһǮ˵椶ɣҹ˵ļ
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ôֱӰҹɸƤˣִչȥСҪˣҸ㡭һ١٣˵ô
ҹѶԷͷһ˳һ
һﻹǹµµ͹ȥԶͷתˡ
ţҸ˵ˣ֪˭ôţ쾩֪𣿾ǰƼչǸңңңָҹ
Ӵ¶ִˡҹָŶõ
˭֪õ죬һȥŻΪŮǱݸŵˣͶлվҪúקһٴӦ˭֪ԼͷˣһɣǺþúþá
鷳ˡõͷһ߰ɣҲŹҵġ
İɣҲڼˡҹε


286 ķ
ˤȥˣû뵽ԼһüеһʱݣŮûݵȴõһŮ߷ɵ³
ʢŭ֮Уڿʼ쭣绰
ҵķΧˣǰһֱûгͷţҲ׬󣬲СĹɣҲҹҪҺ
Ǵǰû飬ǰǹ֧֣ҵǿѾùҪĵزˡ
һʱҵĹɶĸһȥǸ̫ĳ֮
绰й乩ӵܾһ飬˶࣬Ҳš
ЩСҲ飬ǰСĸҲ٣Ҹ֮Ĵɿ⣬ڲһˣСһŻҪһЩ
ô˵ҲɾЩСɵĻԻͣȻҲֳɾ͸С
٣˭ۣǵͷˣһʵ
ȻرҪͷҲвٵԴͷٴҲβֵǮǵȻҪͽš
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쾩Ĺ䣬Ѿ䵽ֵز𣿡ҹЩūһ乩תͷõʥҲܵ𣿡
ʥҪҲ֣ҲǽʥҪע⵽Ҫٵһʱ䡣õҲҡҡͷ֪ˣҲܲ춼ЩˣһЩһЩף̫ǿѾû˿Լˡ
ư˵ķӦҲ֪ҵˣһ绰ĶûУҲ֪ڵж¸Լ鷳
ҹõҲֻͨ˵Ļǰ˳Ǳһ˸ˣºܻܲŶ֪û˱£ʥҲ뵽쾩Ѿŵֵز˰ɡ
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ո˵ңҹʡ
ôֻǸһѵ֪Ҫ͵һǰ
ŵĻû˵꣬ѾһҽУѾһεɳȥոǸһۿŵĲλ̾͸оһ󡰵İˡ
ɱǿֵİˣƴŬŴɤ۶仰
˭֪֪ҵľ٣ҲǸʶˣҹһˣȿһ䡣
ҹҹ˶ԷһۣҵĹ֮ǰӦ֪ôһųҰɣڣˣϣȥǷҵһУ
ҹһǸųƣؼ۷壬˸ƽֵˣ
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вǾԵвǰû˸ôвңڵңǰֲ˼СӾȻв
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Ҳ䣬ʲô
ˢһ¾ʹ̵˶ԷĸǰۿҪһüˣֻҹĵָһһĹˡ

ַڹյȥˣֻ֮ðѪ
ոȥᣬģ˭˵ȥ
ڹ׼İ֪Ҹոû߻ٲһҹǺһЦǿˣͿӣҲǼƽϡ
㡭һͷιȥˡ
ҲιȥƫƫҹǲӶ߶һ̨ʣһתߵĻǰûȥϧҡ
ȥģҲӲ˰ɣ
λͬкûУһ뿪쾩Ӵ˹˵͵

쾩ҡ
һɺĳԱ˿̶ڴ֮УһɫЩء
ҹҼʵ
ϻش𣬡ոѾʹӦҹû֮ǰ崨Ҳֻʱû̫ע⡣
ô˵崨μұҲйϵһü
μңμҲΪŲ֧֣Լǰ̫ţű𣿡ɻ¶ôҹϹϵأ
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Ҳμңûһ֧ߣһӾͲˡ
ҹ˵ģǸӢǬĶӣԣһ׷ˣʱ̶ɢһ˵ƣһ֪ǸΣյ
ǣʵû뵽ӢǬ¶ǸϵΪҾʹˣСӾȻɳֵزҲ΢΢Щ⣬ⶼһѾûа취ȥıˡ
Ǻǣô˵Ϊ洫Ϣģ׷˴ЩЦ
ѵ⣿ƾȻ塣
Ҫսؼ۷壬Ǳ켶ʵ׽Ͳܽ켶ȥǱһ켶ǿߣԼһ޿ܣ˵Цݸˣãϻ켶ǿ𣿡
ô˵ӦСӲһˣҲͷ崨μҸҲСӳ֣ŸǴҳȥ鲻ģΪʲôת֧Ƽأ
ǸųҲͳˣҿЩͰ۵ҲЩʮа˾ʵЩˣμұ֮Ҳ֪ǲЩʲô϶ᱻ˲ʲôʱǵҲסԲŴ˳ȥ׷߽˵֧ƼҵŲҲɽ˵žǸŻƴܾˣ⵹ǸȽϺĽ͡
Цһ£ȴǰп࣬ͺǺǲģ˭Ҳ֪Ͱ͵ģδЩ̫Ϸˡ
Ҳλ˼ԷͲô£ΪֻҪһеⶼǿԽġҶŵ˳Ƿǳ⡣
֮ǰĹɣǱ嵱үһţڣҪĵλҲǴүɵˣҲֻǻǮĴֶѡ


287 ʹ
뷨ǲҲϲҪĿɲһʱǳռλ
⼸ɣ˵ˣΪһߵţǲŻӵһˣЩСûرǿĸ֣ҿ˭֧ţ
ǰʥһԳз磬صһӣֻǶԸӢǬġϧһһҪҵڣȻΪ˸ٻǸŮ˺һˣǰ̣ƫƫҲκβˡ
㲻õģ׽ûдٻ磬ҵΪ׽û˭赲ˡ׷ǿƵĵġ
ȥһ
ⲻȥĻҵĻȨǻǰһʱأǾԵһ֡
ȥĻɲ𣿡Сĵʵ
Ͳòˣ׷ƺЩ죬һȥҲҪһ֮󣬲ŵʱ䣬ȥҪҲҪʮһˣʱҲ֪Ҫչʲô̶ȣһͳ׽䣬ˣôǵĶ֣
ϼһﻹǴŲȥأϵͷȴǼٵš
ôȥɲа϶Ȱȶ취ȥУǻȥ֮һӶٳˣźá
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һëͷСӶѣʲôֻȥ飬ηηβﻹһˣ괺ܲӵѵ
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ƿЦһ£λҲǻʱԼˣ̾ҲһҵҪλ
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϶㵽׻򲻴򣿡ҹ˵ţѾһơ
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ǰҹһ£ҲֻһЩѣҹһƣȻ޷˵ĵЩƵϡ


288 
һƣȻ˺ܶһƣһѪҲĵ˺üվȽŲ
ҹʥˣΪʥͲ𣿡ƸӰһһʱ뵽ľʥ겻ܺ
ʥ᲻ңǾͲˣҹһ֮˿ͣڶƻǳȥĵĻʥֹɣ
һʱʥֹΣؼȵʥֹʱѾҪˡ
Щ壬ʱԵԭ򣬱˵һ˸Ͳ֪ʥĴڣֻ֪ǺʥϢʱҲ˲֪٣ʱʸڷϣʥҲ֤ݵĻҲܶЩӵô
ʥĿӣҹҲͬӣѵҲһһ
괺͵ƵĸǰӲһ֮괺ҲǺһѪɤ۶﷭츲أôʲȥ
һи֣ɵˣҲǵؼ۷ļڸֱҡ˵ʵڼҴҵеؼ۷ĸ֣ǻǿء
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֪ΪʲôźͳȺ󶼴˳ˣǿ϶Ǽʶҹ֪ɱڣôһ졣
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ʯͷСӣҪǵ׻Ǹˡؼ۷ûа취ؼ۷ΪģĸԼסһ켶괺ؼ۷Ĺء
ҹŲòԣŻһ£ǲҶ֣ȻʯͷǳŲס˵Χ
ҹʵȻһûУûķҾ㿴׽֮Ĳൽ괺Īľġ
Ȼһ֣һĻֽһɫ⣬һҹֶȥ
ãҹۿȴѾû˶Ŀռˣʱ䣬ȫɫâס
ҹ磡ʯͷһۿҪѿŴȭͷɫĹȥ
һǹֻ΢΢һȥ漴˫ָ˹Լȴ÷ɵȥȫǱҩһܶˡ

λ˿ͻ״һͣոǻҪңǿڵΣҪߵĻ괺ҲԼôһɣ
ߵֶΣĲ׽ܱȵģһܷɫķԸֻ¸Ūġ
ǸСӸɱˣ괺ݺݵصһۣƺǶûмʱ֣˺ܴĲ
λﶼڣǴǰĹ乩ֲµҪǴǰĻǼҲܶЩؼĹСС
෴ؼĹ乩ڹǴүһĴֲֶ֣ܳһߵġٿڣӱˣ
ٲ֣ͱϷˣ괺ȵ


289 ϵ
λŹ棬ոҹ˵˭ţ괺˵˭־ţ߶ﲻ𣬾м
˵ҹ˵⻰Ҳˣôҹǻһģ괺ϲģô˵ҲҵĹҲҪţ̸Ȱ
ô˵λҲֻ䡣
ǰֻǸܵ괺ϵѹȸУǸղŶԷҹʱӳֲֻֿ켶ǿ߲еġ
Ĳ֣괺ֲҪĸԣĻˣ
ѣ˶̧ƣһɣĿǺͷԵʯͷ
ҴĶﻵϼһʯͷȴȫûпλһɰȭͷͳ괺˹ȥˡ
괺Цһ̧һȻһЩеӣʯͷɵͬʱȻһ罣һ˿
ʯͷҲ֪ԼǸͷӵĶ֣ѾˣټѾɣɿƵڵϣԥм䡣
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˵ʱ䣬ѾƹϵȻץȥ
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ߡҹһһƲûջأʮ
ۡ
۱ðȥڻײϣ̲סҲ
ϵŰȫζƣʱϵʵĺײ˵ûУֻǱѪעŮ߹Ƶġ
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λţ˿̶ǻȻΡʱ¼һ켶ǿ߶ǽһ죬ǾȻͼһǵǰشˣ
ѽԣȻѹҹ˵˭ֵܣ˭ŵģոǶû񡭡˰ɣ
ܣ
˼ͬһʱæҪܡ
˭̤һһҲҪţžһԣ


290 Ҫ˭
ҪԷ˵ǣûλؼ۷ſ϶ˣһȳġҹ˵ú棬һţ治ԡ
ոôһ˿ͷ̾ͱˡǲŴģôĺ˰
λһ۾ֻˣãҲСˣ۾Ͽˡǲʵе
Ҫ˵ƽʱؼ۷ǿߣǸʮ˸ŮͨȥڣҲһܸˣˡ
顭
ҹԽսԽ£ÿһһȭȭϵﲻһ㣬ϵʽӾҹ͵Ĵ򷨣ҲһʱЩԿ
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㽩Ƭ֮ϵԸҹתһѹľ档
顭
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Ҫǰ˲䣬ҹѾһץסƵĲӡ
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ϵΨһϣܸҹеģҲֻһ˰ɣֻϧϵûһܸ괺֣ҲҹԼˡ
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֪ðλλС˵λţǵؼ۷ǿߣʱױҪһЩǿҹҲСɣڲ֪£űʵڲ֪ҪԣҵǸҲˣǸղǡ
˵Ҫǲ֣괺Ҫŵġ⻰˵һָȥˡ
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Щ˿ҹ޶ԣ֪ôԼ飬¶ǰ״ˣ취ҹŹµĵʵһЩҲԼ⵱ŵģ֮ǰΪһ顣
ҹϵȥȴԷԱ۾Ͳ飬ٹˡ
֪ԷʲôҲܣԼٶɱ˵Ļֻϵǻٳ
ɱ
ҹٿλһۣǵĵ߰ɣ쾩Χ֮ڣԶٿЩˡ


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Ŷ־ĸо׷״ӵһԾ𣬽ոһվһΣȲˣžȻˡ
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˭˭ƿأ
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ˣ괺ҲˣʣµҲʸϡ
ҵˣʱҲ̹Ȼ֪Ҳûκ̣ﷴûղŵҪࡣ
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ֻҪԼһ̬ȶѣܿҹ˼ʧͬʱЩңҴ󲿷˵Ǳסˡ
ҪҵţȻ˵ܻӣɲЩӣЩ˴Ҳ͸ϵһˣ͸һƵģûʲôЧ
һ棬һˣԶԶ뿪쾩߻ȥ⡭֮꣬ٳҰջǸ˸ƺΪڲղôˣҵһУ˵ɡ
ҹͷ廹Ǻڵƣ˰ɡ
ˣû뵽ôһ𰸡
ҹֱӰЩҵߣҲ˵һϻϾ߬أˣ˭
Ҹʱ䴦Щ飬ҹٿһۣ֮ڣ˶뿪ҲɱǣҲҪҷڵĻᡣ
˶Ǵ˸£ǰ˵ԼЩ˻ˣ¶ڵġ
ոջΪ뿪쾩о̾͵Ȼ޴ˡɲģһҹķˣ쾩ǸĹˡ
ҡҪ˭ʹʵ


291 û
ҹûֱȥֻһ䡰֪ġ˾Ѿˡ
һƬãڶͻȻˣΪ쾩һըϢƼμȳʾȫջ֮ǰ۵ϲҵ
ԭˣ
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ңǷݲҵ׳֮ԼĻﶼûůȺ͵Ҫżױߣĺӣס
ȳԣԶ̫ãΪٴյĿںţֻΪԼƶѡΪҲ֮ǰа
ֻףǲǿںţ˼Ѿе˲Żô˵ģΪҡʮӣҲҲ
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·ԣԶֳһصľľԵĲԶĹ
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˵ͻ켶ҹֵʡ
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ҹһʧҲǣϵа취ĻۼԸ⣬ӣԾ͸׶ӡһĶԼȥ
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ǰʯͷ̹Ȼ
ʯͷո˵ӵؼҲֱӽô£ҹоŪˣڸ֮á


292 ֻǸʼ
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ҹϵɴ۾ʯͷģСӻû˵ӹؽ
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ʯͷ߳ŶҲ˵˸ࡣ
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Ķģڴﵽĳ״̬֮Լͻģ
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ɣҹ̾뵽ԼɣѵҲһܣɵĶǶֵҲɵģֻûùǵȷǸһ
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ϵҲͷӢǬ֮֮飬ҲһЩ˽⡣
ӢǬĻᣬӺӢǬһ𣬶֮ΪҹӢǬˣһ˵еĹ
ؼģʯͷȴ˵ʦ˵˵ҪǿľûľٶҲڵؼﵽġ
ҹϵһȻͬʱͷ
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ˣһЩ鷳ȥĻǰﲻæ˵ǵ顣ϵɫЩΡ
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ֻʮһ𣿡ҹʵ
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ȷǲ⣬Ҫһˣٵûǧ˰һⱲӿ¶ȥһ
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Ȼ׽ҲһٻзɵԼܶ˾ʵҲ̫ţɵͲһˡǿʳַǾϷ
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Ȼ֪ϵ˶Էһۣ֪ҹʲôҲΪͼĲǵ⣬ҲŮӵɫеģӦþ˵ʡ
Ŷҹһ
ȻҲͬϵĲ²⣬Ƕһ˵ܶһϣƵġ
׽磬ʮһΣҪ⣬ֻ̰ͼ˵ɫ϶Ѭ֮ˣǲôʹ׽⻨ȥϢûȷ֮ǰͻصһŪֻٵʮܳе⣬ǲǰװ״ʧ𣿡ϵⷬҹ뷨ӼᶨǺҴҴ˾ͻ磬˵˿϶Щ˵ΪҪҵϢ̫࣬δ˶š
ҹǰԽԽϵ˵һжֻҪȥ磬һжʲôҲûб䡣

ȥƺܰ쾩ĹȴѾһ
ƼңͻȻ֮һԾΪţһͳܱ߹ƣȳû̲ĶòСĸζͻȻ
׹Ǳ߶֣ͦܶɣ˵ܾиŮعӵа벿⣬һĵһҹ˵˭Żǰ벿ž˭ġ
ǣںܳһʱһ仰׹Ůعе߾֮
ϴҹһ˶ңֽܾĻ̻̣ȴһһѵ˶ţǸ֣׹ܾᣬŴȹ㲥ܾû˵ǸŮعǱٰع·ˣ
˭֪ǣ˺ʱҹСʯͷһ֮С
ⲻǽŸոֻǸʼ


ڶһ


293 Сѻ
ҶïʯᾣһصɲֻҪ壬ܸ̾оǴűϢʵˮ
ʱˮܲƽھ޴£һ󲻶ϵزš
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һĸߴȴЩݵˣŰڹӵĺᵶվĳߴķȥ
ȻҹʱѾһµʱˣͶСǵϢȴһûв鵽
ڸ֮˵ҽĺһչûС֮ǰҪʯͷʦ´ɽûа취û뵽ʯͷ̫׶ʦҲ֪Ķչȥˣ˵ڶû¶档
ǵǱ˭ˣϵ˵ӦɵĵӡĶҹ֪ʯͷȻģǶԴҲһ֪
̽ϢЩͨߣҲʯͷһֻ֪ɵͷȴ֪Щɵɽ
һ˽֣ͷҲƴҲҲ˰
˵ҹҲûԴΪԼ켶ΪﻹһƺһɣǸͲܵˡ
֮£ֻ֮ܰȰڴɽСʱҲҪҲҪʡ֮ǰ˻ûҵٱʲôɿˣǿɾ͸ץˡ
ҹԼƴţָоСΪǲҲ᲻ϵ
˭ϳ˿϶ᱻΪǧһţ˵ǴèǰȵĴèҲû츳ϡ
¶ϣûҹˣصţҪϵĺԽƺͻԽ
ϴɺʱҹѾоѹΪȵһٳֺʱ˶ñ
ҹԼʱҲ࣬Ǹͷ˵ʱ䣬Ѿȥ˴룬ֻʣ²ꡣҪٲŬͻĻСﻹû£ǻҲûҵԼûϣˡ
һͷǣҼӰѾǾͿȥˡиԼڽкţƺָŴһɱҰޡ
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Ǻǣԭֵܣ޺ˡС۾Ŀ˸ţЦݵش˹ƺҪϸһ¡
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޺ôˣһУҹ̧ͷ˿Է
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С۾鲻ԽҪǰȥֻһѹôɿǲС
ǺǣҹֵǰɣҽףɣСѻԺҾԼˡףɻû˵꣬ͱǱ߶Ůϡ
ҽţŮԼ֡
ϧȴǸֽһѻƵģû취˭̫أ
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𣿡ſҹҲô˵ֻεصͷǺðɣҵùɲΪ˵ġ
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˵ùΪʵʵˣɲżͷô
ҹȻ˵Ǿ֤˼ҵʵ϶ףû


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ҹֵܣħطɣףһС۾˵
ħطҹɻһ£û˵֣Ҳ֪Էôжϳġ
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ԭǰһͷİ취û˵Ҳ֪ʲôأˡҹܲ˵
֮⣬ȴҲǲɫͰǸħطˡ
ͷ˵սҪǱϳʦ綼ΪС
ΪеҲûʲôо͵£ֲ˭뿪˭Ͳܻڲʱ򰡣ҹΪſ켶żûҪڱ¶ǿɾͲΪУΪ˼ҵġ򡱡򡱡ƹ򡱣δıⰡ
ħطкܶ𣿡ҹʡ
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Ǻǣ˵ҹֵܾ͸λһʣҲͻأףɿš
΢΢һףɣ޵ȷִ˵٣Ǵ⴫˵ڣû˵ĸޣģ˵޶ûС
ףһ仰û˵һ츳ˣѡޣԭɲΪ࣬·߲ͨ
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ףʶһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ƽʱûô໰˵ô໰ֺĳˣ෴һʵ൱̱ġ
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˵ʲôҹҲŹ㼪ԣһˣһĺô
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ǰ磬ǾһȥɣСѻҲЩ⣬˵õ飬ôͻȻͱˡ
ԶԶԣҹֵڣʲôޣֵҲһ塣
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ƾʲôСѻ̾ͲˣҲ˲ġ
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׶ԷھԼҪĺ£ͬʱҲڰʾԸһĻҲԷһݶ
ԥһ֮
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޺ⶫɸ׽ǮһҼԽߵ޺ˣԽӹأҹĿڴﶼ޺ˣǼֱһӻƽ𰡡
ѾԽԽˣԺҺ϶󡣡ҹҲͷ͡
棬ֵܣŻ֪ȺŶް
ҹ˷ҲԼ˼ҲԸףЩ˺ƫƫҹȫ֪ԼҪǲ϶Ǳ⼸һ̵ùͷûˡ
֪ԷΣգԼתߣʵ͸һҪһҲˣ˼ҸովȹãһתͷߺˣܲԲż£ܹؼʱ̰֡
ҲûףƾҪҹ˵ܲܰﵽǸδ֪ؼҹλֵܣƭᡣ
Ǻǣҹֵ˵õǣǰƬɽޣѾˣֻܺһЩĵطչУףɺҹ֡ʶóҸԷﵹƣΪպĺһ
ˣ⼸ҲǶ룬ҹһۣ˹һڡ
οǣʱҹϿΪѵı飬λֵܣҲɵ


295 ȫ
ҹֵ̫ܿȾƣһҹı飬̾͸Էɣǲˣˣһǿɾ鷳ˡ
ҵܺȵģֻ뵽һ⣬ȸٺȡҹ̹ȻذѾƷˡ
һۣҹҹôôʵأ
Ҳҿ⻰Լ˵˵ҪǱ׹ܾˣǲñһ仰
ҹʵôҪʵˣ׹ع˰һһ𣿸ڴִŮĶҳȥеĳ֮ǰȰ·ֻšװ߳ȥȻǳȥһһ·ġ
ҹа޳׽ģףɵȻ֪
һҹ˵ͺȾƣף̾ͱûˣԼֵܣʲô˵ҾͲţﻹףɽ˵⡣
⻰˵еˣȾƵȻ̨һҹô˵
Ǻǿ԰Ҳܸܸλһ㣬ǱôӦҡҹǿš
ҹֵôҲˣʲô˵ˣףһţӦ㡣
ףˬ찡ҹ̾ţǺãԺ򵽵޺ȫңʣµĶҰҪ
ۡ
ڼ⣬˶һھףǼһȻõģֻ˰ڣԾˮ˳ŲӾȥˡ
޺ÿĲ֣Щͽ޸ˣҪ˵ֵĻҪ֮޺֮⣬Ļûʲô
ҹһ˾Ͱ޺ȫռˣ˵õ󷽣ʣµҪؼʣµһˣ̣
˵Сӡ˵Ѿðˡ
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УǱ˵Ļǿ϶ǲУҹֵܲˣǵȻˡףɰݸԱ߼һɫʾǶԼʾߡ
ǺǣҾ˵ҺܴҹЦŰѾ
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ҹֵܳҵľƣҽųƽʱ᲻óȵġûݸҹһơ
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ޣʲôɣףʵʮ˸ûзҹѵǫһΣǫôš
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ЩŲСѻ̾ʵһްɣ


296 ĸ˵
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֮ǰǻҲǵùǱҲҪߵģû뵽;޵ףɵˣͷҪһɱ֮ƴܵǣҹһնɱˣûʲô˵ġ
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תͷһûһƨɶ׵ϡ
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ԣǶ׵ޣγͻȻѡ
׵ģ
ǸղҲ̫ˣף˵ޣΪһ޾Ϊ׵ġ

ףҲһֻǶ׵޵ĻȻѴһɱġ
ãҿҹͷ׵޸ˡ˷˺ףһĸ̾
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ҹߵģҲֻһͷޡγҲ֪Ҫô˵ֻЩľȻָš
˳ָһ˲Ͱγˢ׵ɫճȥˡ
ڸոǸڣʱƵسһֻޣٲȻ֮ǰΪҹ˵ޣҲɽĻ
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һͷ޵ĻǶûʮգοһͷޣǰ滹ͷ׶ӵȷ棡
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Ѿû˻ȥ˼뵽ˣҲţΪʲôոҹȥ޵ʱ򣬲Լһ𰡣
֮ǰΪСӱڿҹҹڼãӵѵ˰
ӡֻʣһˡ
ͷٶޣѾԻģʰΧ״Ǵкˣ滹һϴ󡱶ţӵõ

һޣֱӿһź̡
ֲǿɲǽģһĺǿǾ綾ֻҪմףɵؼڵΪҲһֶѡ
ǵ̫ȻһҹҲ֪ʲôʱԶһôϣżǱӡ
ҹֵܣæףһҹֱϲ񰡡
Сӵһлˣ޺ˣǲˡ
ող˵ʣµľͲҹ𣿡ҹЦʡ
ĸ˵˵ģ˶ڷŭ룬ףҲ⡣


297 û
ҹֵܣ춯ְǿֵܣֵܻװףѳζǵ׽ĴɸԷͷһμ棬벻ʲô׵ģֻЩ˵黰ˡ
аɣҶˣҹȻ߶ˡ
ףһϲ͵ۿһԶͷޣ˿̾ȻûҪ˼һҲ
ոǵĻȫɴģͷ޲ֻ⼸ͷ
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˳˳ˣ϶ҹ֮˳ڰˡ
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⼸ͷ׵޴ߣҹȴɵһкףɵˡ
ԣףɶһӦţһܴߡ
ӶԷ￴ıóѵЦ⡣
ͷޣͷΧһ仨Щһ쳤ȥҧһβͺɨ
˼غϣȻûаҹŵǼһȻϴòֺ
ףĸ˶Щ߿ˣ⵽ʲôôǵʱôȥŪҹôѣ
ڿҪҪĸ˸ϣȰҹŪʱ򣬾Զִ𶯵תͷȻڼá
ղŻɻǲǰˣڲ֪ԭһͷޱء
Ҫ˵˺ɱôһͷҲѣôôʱ仹ûɱ
¶Ҳû˭ȥǣãΨһȽϽǣ˻᲻ᷴˮ
ܾϲ˲ûзˮҺʹͰͷҲҹߡ
ͷްôɷѿģҹҪٲ̫ûˣ


298 ûмֵ
䡭
ҹҲ֪һͷûУھ֮Ǳػŭһ㣬һŨ
ҹأں̵ķΧžͱһצӺɣ֪ȥˡ
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ףɾϲһȭ漴ͷԣҹ֮Щûʹ޵Ŀ꣬ȫعͷˡ
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Ӽ˶¿ˮ޺ˣֲŵĸо
˭Ҳû뵽ҹ޺ٻңʵϴӸղóǾûΪЩԼˣ»صϣÿ˶пһ£ҹ˰
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ǹߣԸϴںˣС
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ȻˣԺԼˣҲ֪֮ǰĳ˵Ĺƻ󣬲ȻҲֻ֣ҪԺЭֹǶ׵޺ˣĽҲδؾòҹЦ
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ҹһüǿеȲˣһʱ䣬ôɰȥʵļ
ȻҲû뵽¶ɫһ£鵹ǲð죬رļЩɣٻƸյӵġ
ҹ˵ͷ취ɣǲùˣһ
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ε飬ɵҪ˵һ£֣˵ҾҹпܳΪǧһͻأ


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ÿһöʯ߼۵ģҲǵؼΪ֮ϵˣʵģǷţҲǵһݶŮЩɨҹһۣԷӦﲻһʹӦָо̫û
ܸÿöʯҾͼıš
ҹ˲һĴ𸴡


302 ŮĶԼ
㡭㲻Ҫ̫֣Ůӻûлظ֮ǰǸСѾͷѾˡ
Ķ̸ţڳû٣СҪӦˣǿ϶ܳˡ
ã飡
СѾͷ·СԴﻩˮһæѶԷסСֲֻһˣôͨͨ˵ĻһʯڴҲһѡ
ɲô˵ҹӸȤˣʵҲ̽û뵽Ů׻˵һּǮһֻҼȻҿҪ飬˵ΪʯʵˣҲһҪʯģ
˼ûƤ񡭡СѾͷǲҪתͷСȴֱˡ
ˣô˵ˣǵһеĵһˣ϶ʲô˶ԵģʯҲԵǱŵĴŮˬػ֣ѾָǧĴ󽫾ˡ
ҹԵظп
ŮǹȻǲƴ֣Ҷ嵽̶ֳȣҲһ־ˡ
ߡСѾͷСѾ˵ˣ֪˵ʲôҲûã°ҹһۡ
ƤֵģҲԼôˣô͵һôùأ
С˵ҲǣһʯһѾͽ㣬ʯһǾͲˣ
ǣɹؼˣô̫ˣʯԩ
ˣǵһŵˣŮһָŮװСѾͷͽСޡ
СӡСѾͷЩίնˡ
ôˣŮɱϣĻᣬʲô֣
ҽҹҹԷֵ
ҹôô죿ŮȻһ֣ˣ˵׽һ֣ҲҹҾ͵ˣôҲ
ҹҲԸоȣû뵽Ѿ
ţ׽ﻹĵӣֻ׹ܾ֣Ͷսؼ۷ɡ
ҾǸҹҹûԼݡ
ԼһʱȥòǵϢõİ취ԼٴĵӶ˵ܴ˵ĶҲ֪Լˡ
ţ벻ܴŮ͵ؿҹһۣôͽɫˡ
ҹ棬ǸҹˣųҪ˵Ҳ̫ˣҹˡ
ҾǵһŵųҽĽŮ˵ͻȻһӴסˡ
Ĺֺر𰡣ҹٴξ̾ôиͷʲôģ
ϻһû˵أҽĽĽĽĽŮ۾СѾͷСѾͷװûֻǵͷ
жٸĹҹЦȴװɵʡ
ĹȥҪ綼˰
Ľꡭ񡭡㣡˼֮ڳ䶨
衭ľ㣿ҹ˵ʱĿⲻŶԷͷȥƺıľһ
ŮҲЩʧôѡѡȥѡôһߵ֣̫ˡ
ľųǰɣҹʡ
ųʵڲ̣̵ĵطڣ⻹Լġ
Ǻǣųҿ㻹Ǹĸְɣһ죬ǱĳΪһһ˵ųֽľ㣬񡭡Ǻǡҹ̲סһǸ龰
ðɡŮȻԼҲһ£Ľ꣬˰ɣ
ĽꣿţǸ֣ҹ˵ͷôʫ֣϶е˷ˣ˵űҪ˲ܰΪʲôǶҪŮװ
ҽĽ꣬ѵûףŮӰҹһۣװɵɶˣɶǣɶ˻ʯһġ
ҹһ£̾ʶĽ֣ĺֻܳԼ֪ˡ
ѵˣҿԷôţɣҲӦòǼ򵥵ݣȻɵĵӶˣ˭ܼסô֣
ôãڽͷɵ椶ôȻڻȷ˵·ϣһϵġ
ûҵ֣Ľ꾪ȵ
ǺǣҴĵطȽϷգϢ϶֪ҹҲǿҹˡ
ŶԭĽ꿴ԷǹװɵҲپ⣬ҵ־ˣԺʲôҪסǵһţһΪǿıţ
һи⣬ҹòһųĺ׳־Ҹոûųյĵһ˰ɣ
ǰĽ꿴ҹһۣɲһʮʯ׻һҪΪʵһŵ̤ʯ
ȥʲôôʣҪȥ
ҹ̲ס²һ£ڲŸոһʼΪʲôʱʱǵһŰ
Ҫ֪ʲôʱʿɶг޵ĺ֣ĲͿѾ㹻żˡ
ĽһԷ̾͵Сޡһۡ
СҲ˼ְѱŵ˳ɣǵһŵƣŶУʵС䡣
СֶѾ¶ˣҲ뵱ʲôСޡ
ҹһۣ̾ʲôˣԭŵֽСһתͷһĽ꣬ҲôŮˣôһ
ҹǱŽʲô֣ǶҪΪ˵һŵĿܶĽ֣ص˵ȻһţͿõʯ㲻Ҫ㣬ԺǱ׳ˣΪʵǿıţÿͿõʮʮ飬ٿʯǲܵģ
˵ǵȷܺһŵСǺÿϧҹˣȫˡ
Ϊ˲λų̫ʧҹǿװ˷һ£ţһʮ֮ڣ϶Ϊǿıţ
ǸôӾͰѱŸŪʱ̽ϢʲôģӦʮַ˰ɣ
ʮꣿĽʮʱȴЩȻҲֻһ˲䣬̾ͻһͷʮ̫Ҫ꣬һ֮ڳΪǿıš
һꣿڲһˣһ뵱һӶʢˣ
һ֮󣬵һžǿˣҹҲԷĻԣȻ֪ݱԷû˵£ûʣǡҪȥʲô
ѽǰҪȥʲôĽƺһеԺˡ
һ֪ôߣ⣬һ֮ΪһأҹҡͷǮƵĸǿ԰
С㣬ˣĶġСæѡ
Ľһ̾һߣ߰ɣҾǿǵһŵ磡
ҹٲ󺹣Ȼ֪˴˸ʲôģǲò˵⸻ŮãҪһԼôƤûµģǾͲǶ磬Ƕʲôˡ


303 Ľ
ĽʲôݣҹڻǲȷǸǿ϶ģˣֻҪһ£֪̾ҹҲôżȥʡ
һ·ϣĽ궼ڵһѾбϲ֮УȫûȥƽϣֻһͨˣһǻߵļǮġ
ͨˣһЩûɵɢޣЩ඼ҪɣֲŶ룬СֲܿϣֻڱЩԴԼ
Щ˵Ϊ඼ؼѾеĸ֣ܽ켶֮١Ϊһ켶Ǿʹһ̶˵˵ǱֻҪ̫ϵģлɣ磬ڱòĶ
ĽҲɵɵײֶȱ۶ػʯһ죬Ӷҹһ˱ŵˣȻһ켶Ĵ֣Լ뵽ġ
ţĽַԼҹøǸ׽ĸ֡ҹרȥһߡ
ҹһˣ߾Ȼһ޳ӣֻԼʱõǸӾұ£һġ
Լ޳ԵҲĽ֪ԼʥĴ޳ߣĸоǺеġ
磬޳Ҳˣ
ҹ֪ԼĽˣһߴǲ˿ԼӣͲһ֪ҹ޳顣
Ѻᵶ̫ˣǸҹñ˰ɡĽ˵
ҹЦã˭ҹñģȻǰúᵶʱҲȽ٣ҴڲѶԷ̫ʱõģ⵶Ҳӵġ
˵ѵ񣬵ΪǸĸĶҲ˵ӾӰ
˵Դӽ֮ҹñĻҲ˺ö࣬һǶԸƤļһֿȭ˼Ҹе̫ɵˣɱֻ֮ҲŪ޺
Ҿúðɣҹֻͣû˵еϰߡ
Ľû취ϾҹԷһûУħطҲ֪ʲô̶ȣһڵأٰѵˣ͹ʣһܵĹˡ
ʯһܣʵ̫ˡ
ҹһͷ˸飬ڵһϮ£ͷ޳ߣһѸո˺ɫʵĺᵶ
Ҫ˵磬ҹվȷԵɷȻôôǵӰС˵Ĵɡ
ҹҲƽһ·Уڸϵĳɽڡ
Ҫȥɱ𣿡ҹûһһϢ֪ض޺еĵط
֮ǰһֱڴɽŸι䣬һƬԽԽҲˣһ·ɨԶˣһƬȴѾԶԶ뿪֮ǰϤķΧˡ
ո仰ʶһȻǰڵطĳֽƸһ£Ҫʶյü죬Ǹոһ£ʶҪˡ
ּ˿ʯͷڵĽƶȥˢطһ׹⣬ǿʯͷ̱۵һҽһʯȻǴһ
ҹǵһο֣ʶȥ֮˿ֲĽƣط򵥰
ħϿȣĽȴǰڴ˵ҪӡĽ֮һڴҶûأҪȥˡ
ӡĽأҹظ仰֪ʵ̫ˣĽؿ˵һ֪
Ϊʲôӡᱻֽ೤ʱ䣬Ǹ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ţϰŻһΣҲ֪ʲôǾ˵˱ʣʮҪˣĽεûôٶۣ̾˳ҹĻͣǵһŵĻᣬҪһ֮ڳΪһţǾҪѳһԴչ׳󡭡
ҹò˵Ļûַˡ
һţ־ǲСÿߵɣ㽫ָͷòָ꣬㽭ɽ˵һţҿûñȻ˶Цſ˰
Ǻǣû뵽Сû磬ҹŽ飬ʲô죬Ѿ˶˵˴ԲѣҪһţҪôûпأ
ҹ˻ͷֻмʮΪ˵ˣǸһ£ȵķӣֻһ˫۾ϸĿҲ˼ּթȥôǸˡ
٣ϻ˵㲻˵Ҳ¶ݣһ˶вҾĳôģĽһ֣ʯɣ
ʯѣ벻Ľ꣬Ȼ䵽ЩϣոǸ˵ĽЦû㣬ĽʣⱲӶбͼˣڻת⣬ԺȻҪ÷磬ҪĽ꣬㻹ôǺǣ²꣬㱻߳ɽŵʱһ¥ĺƶˡ
ޡĽһڣɫȴЩ԰ףȻԷ˵ĻҲȫвʯ
һˣٿҹһۣϴżԹ֮ɫûڴ֮ŮֻǴӴһɫɣ
Ľһʱ֪Է϶ͷų˷⽪ٸģԾͲҪӮʲôֻѡ
ԼˣӮʯһᱻ衣Ǳһ˺ܲܵı
ͬʱҹǰȴһĽȻɵˣǴϵŮֲôСҹо˵ǣĽ껹ڵˣϢ˵ڵĹϵ󣬿
٣ҼС˵ûݣ;ûУ㲻䲻ɣĽ걻۸С䵹ǰ䲻ҲûйϵǼСҲȱʯ÷ôĨǵˣ
ҸǼС˵ķݶҲЩѿ벻һСѾͷҸԼô˵
ѾͷҲ֮һڵѾͷǼСѾͷ˭ֲ޶ŵˣװŴͷ𣿡С˦˶ԷһӣǼС˵ˣʯǵ׸ǾˣЩ˵ҪҲʲô˵飬ܽܣ
㡭ٱ
ڣţȻڶᲢۣںܶ˵žǱȲڣ˵ÿһŵﲻˬĵط
ոСⷬʵҲ޵¶ƫƫѾͷû˵㻹治ͷȥô
ҹһҲǶСĿ࿴ѾͷԼҲˡ˵ģ͸ոⷬ˵Ļټ֪ǿƣָŶԷı㹻͵ˡ
ͷһָС䣬ʯѾͷ
һĴ˼ͳʯЦһʯʱɢĻһСȥ
ңĽ󾪡
Է֣£ǰСˣ¶ͷġ


304 ЪԶ
С䲻ǻƼΪ˵ͨ˲ˡĽΪҪһЩҲһڶѡ
ոճֵĻͷȴѾǸؼΪһγ֣پǴʯСĴ㡣
ݣĽ꣬ڿ϶ưոݣҪֻɱһ΢СѾͷûκ˻ϣҲ⡣
һ㣬ĽҲɵӣЩҲͿ͸Ϊ֪Էĸңȴһ취ûС
һ̣ЩԼΪʲôҪٶˣ֪͸ԶԶģСҲͲˣ˵ʲôˡ
ಡ
ǰӰһСǰһˣǸոļҹ
ҹĽûбκϣ˵ףǲҲΪŻᵱԩͷ߼۹ΪӮԼġ
顭
첻ȺǼʯȻȫݺݵشҹϡ
СǾһȫû뵽Σʱ̣˻ƴԼæǰסҹ㡭㲻ɣҺ㡭ء
û°ɣĽ굹ǿЩŵûпҹ˵ӡ
ۻеۣͦסҹʼ磬ҿҴڼס
Сְһҹĸ첲һ˦ڼ˵ҶΪˡлл㰡
һʯҲܰҪǵģҪ飬Ǿû׹ҲǡҹЦ
ҹܺãĽҲжˣܶԷıжڹؼʱ̲ȥС䣬Լʯûа׻ҾڿʼͿһֱڵһˡ
ҹ⻰˵ÿЦãҪû¶û׼ͷͱˣСҲ֪ʯˣеˡ
˭˵ɵ˼һʯѽĶԼӮˣŤͷ׬ͷһʯⲻ׬ǿҫسһͨ㻹ǲ
ǺǣԭɫĽС㻹ҪʯȥͰǡû˵ʲôı֮ɫ㹻Ľȥˡ
Ľﻹûбأҹֱӽӿˣ˵òһڴļĻᣬȵļ˶֮۷Ϊģǲֵʯ⣬ҿԸų¡
ףҹ̨ҵİɣСо˵Ƿǳ졣
нǳϮҲǹȽҹתͷ˵һ䣬٣ô㿼Ǻ𣿡
޶ſûиʲôøУ֮ǰμСӾ޶ŵģԳзﵽ޶иոƹףɣָϵһ
˶˵ݼڣһҹǶһøжûˡټϽֳһ˿žҹȻɫ
һҹ
ҹ㲻ҪǵһžԲҪ˭˵鶼ûõġҹ֣ĽȴЦһ£ҲŶԷȤ
Ҫ𣿡ҹʡ
治ҪСҲصͷ
Բ𣬡ҹתͷ͸ٵǸҲأһСĸϣִġ
ٱ治ɫЦһʵҪ
˱ֶʲôСѾͷСƶèƨɡǣϻƨˣ
ҵǿһûеˣжı£ֵų㻨ʯȥͣһ˿⣬Ұų˵ĳɫ㱻ƭˡ
ҹħط㵱ȻоĽĿ߰ﵽȥʵǵһŵ飬Ͳ㽪ųˡ
ٵɫѿȺΪǲʵǱŵųӦ˵ŵˣֻӶĶѣֻǹ
Ľ֮䣬ҲԽŵųڶ¶ȥ
㲻˱´ˣһһ˶в˰ɣٴЦһҲǣ֪ηˣȷǲң
زǴ̼Ľ꣬һЩвҹ˼
ĽȻŭˣ㡭
С㡭СæȰ裬¶Էһ˵ҹȥԷƴ¶
ҹոյľ֮ûǡ
ߣ˵ǵһŵ飬㽪ų޹ءĽǿѹԼŭ
Ǻǣȴǿиɵıʣ˵ף϶ҹС̫תͷҹأΪˣ㲻֤һԼҰɣһֱһŮⱲעʲôϢĽҲֻʯѣֻҪվܻͷսʤҿԸʮʯΣ
ãҹǰ̤һ˭ҳȫ
ȥĽһζ˳ųļӡ
һֵĻᣬҹͷĽЦЦٿȥҪ˵ĻˣӮˣܲ˼ɣ
Ҫ¶עˣµеҪҹʲô⣬ҪӮˣȴҪקһѡ
£϶˴Ӧֶעǽ˭ʯ˵ҲͲʲô
׼˶Էˣ˸ͷΪԼһ᲻ͬ⣬ͿԲӦսˡ
ӮˣҾʮʯµĻÿʮʯĳͣΣٲСӾôջ
һΪ˵ĹҹѾȥˡ
ĽٺʱѾˡ
һŭһǹҹԲһе̫̰ģʯô׬
С㣬Ҿҹ񡭡ĺСʱȴĽ˵
ŶĽһ
Ҳ˵׼ܸоΪ˼ʯƴˣСҪȻһʯʱ϶ʹӦˡ
ǳĲ࣬㿴鲻͸ڽһӳʮ飬ɵȥƴˡĽ
ҾáǺС˵ţĿѾҹȥ
ʱԷѾԶˣǸͷƴ׷˿ȥΪ
ų벻ٸҶһΣǾͶ˵ʤʯôٿۣȷҹȻǸĽ˵
ʵģڶĽѡ
ģ
ĽﻹûüҹȥҪӣͲ̫ÿˡ
ҸһǧĽļЪԶַˡ
ҹߴ߳ޡ
һǧЦˣ㲻ӮĻɣ
ǵһŵˣҵȻŵùĽҩЧˣɫе仯Ӳţ㲻ûһǧʯɣ
ǺǣҾͿôһǧʯģЩѣųڵĴŪһǧʯҲװɣˣֻҪʯǸСѾͷ͸ҾС


305 
쵰ĽС֮䣬Բͨ͹ϵãʱͱԷŭˡ
С㣬ģҩɢСҲ
Щˣͣҿ䵽ҵʱٺ٣С椶ʵҲˮ飬һúóЩСûгζ·ġ
ޡСһڣĿѾŵҹǱˡ
ҹЩǱͷ׷һ֮ûС
С䣬ôôɵΪ˱ң϶ҪġĽᣬһǧʯʲôҪ㶼ȥĻһ˿ô죿
С㿴СʱȴȽ侲ǸͷǸؼĸ֣˵ҹͱɱˣô󹦷ҹ˶ûռ
ʣµĻͲ˵ˣĽ겻ʵɵӣΪߣĹ۲֮£ϾͿҹʱȻء
ι̸ûУĶ٣ҹʵС
һǧʯС亰һҪӮСҲĽȥˣ
Ľ귭ۣԼҪĵġ
һǧҹһ£ӱ𣿡
Ƕˡ
ͷ㻹ڵʲô춯֣Ǳ߶ҲҲסˡ
ͷҲǰż¶ܰɵģҲ֪ҹǼһءʼʱҲС͵ˣģָסǾؼ
ֻҪһͻֶᷢԷҲ漴һˮǴߵĸо֮Զǲôһľ롣ܶʱоֻҪԼٶһܰѶԷɱһ֮ȴֻǲһ
Ϊֹžȵط֣ԼѾУˣ˵ھƴȫͼɱҹɽأһǻš
𡭡
ͷҲ֪ôȥǸ¶ƻ֮䣬֮ٿصתɣܼ֮ڣ֮гɳʯ䡣
ɻͷٿҹϴһľ룬ǲԽǵ
ͷѾĻ䣬֪ʮа˾ˣ˼Ҫô죬ҹˣõ˾ʤʱˣҵİ
ͷһݣֻ۾ҹ
ԷһȻɳһʯӣⷽ򡭡ƫҲ̫Щ˰ɣ
ͷվڶ棬ҹһʯͷȴǷ򶫱ȫǳŽȥģôĳ
ԣأ
ͷȻһӰǹֶΣձֱܵҲֻǸоԣû뵽ﲻԣһ׹˸һѸƿն
ۡ
ͷļ̶һѪǰ󣬳һᴩѪ

ͷһ亹ոðûб仰ſ£ſˣΪȻֿҹŽʯӡ
ǽڴİ׹˸ͣһֹҲˢˢˢƿն
ͷǳַʯˣȫͲ󣬱ͷſڵϣΨֱѡ
ЩʯһööͷӹֱŽǼʮȥˡ
һƬʮȻʮУҸ˵òᡣ
ٴЩˣҲȫǵؼ֣һ붼۷壬ϾؼųԱѾǸи֣ûһɫؼԱıţϾÿŶҪΪ͵ȥܶǵؼĸ֡
ǱͦԶģʵû뵽ҹİչ˵ؼΪ˶ÿЩûʲôˣľֻʣЩûӦˡ
Ǹһʯӡˣҹæһ֣ͣŽٹ֣ҺҶʯͷû뵽һӻ˵ôˣҲû뵽һô
ϵı粻ҲЩ͸ǰСˣ˵ȷйģոʯͷӵģɡ
ӳһʯͷ˻ͷȻԽʯͷ߶ֵùʯͷɡײˡ
ڣɵĶ̫࣬Ե˸Ī⡣
㲻Ӯˣٻ˼ʱҹڷˡ
һ԰¶ɻŶأһһǧʯĶġղûиожΪ֮ǰûԼ䡣
Ҫ˵òǵȷǸЦһǧʯҲȷǸСżʮˣ㹻ܸʮˣǾôһӾͱȥʵЩġ
ǣҪ˵ҹǶѾ׼ˣᵶܵ˻ͷĲϣòֻҪһ˵㣬ͷ̾ͻԴһ
Ӯˣ½˵㣬ͷѾܴ䣬ýصķӡˣҼһģһͷķڷ
ҹѺᵶһգصĽߣѾûʲôƵġ
һǧʯȥٺµҲˡ
Ϊһǧʯˣ涪ˡ
ʯȻŪһ͹ȥڴǰƱһ㣬ֻҪõ˱̻ᣬͿԶһӦʯ
ĽӹʯƱʵ̲סһЦ˳
ҲǿһǧʯҲֻû뵽ҹܰѽٿӳ⸱Уʹʹһڶ
ҹ۾ͱԹ
ţĽæ͵һ£ֵȷʮһʯƱ
ҵʮͷءҹѵ
ĽȻϵıӾʣǱ߶Ȼһ㣬׻Ƶġ
ʮʯƱҹͻȻɫЦҹȻǹ£ҽҲʳԵˣͰ֮ǰ˵ļ۸ÿʮʯһ֮ұ޶ţô
ĽСȻһǶû뵽ʱ˵⻰ȻԤıģҹȻˣҪӮ˵ĻǴǽǵ⡣
¶ǻҹûа취ŵˣΪ˼ʯĳЩΪԭ򣬻̶һţ˭۸ߣˣԱŻǺһ£ҲǱ׳֮ٵĺϾһ⡣
ĽȻû־飬ҹĵһˣû뵽ô˵¹¹ڽˡ
ʮʯ𣿡ҹָͷĦŵòڿλ
һϲֻҪһﶯģǾûʲôµģʮʯʲôʵֻҪϹҿԸʮʯ
ĽȭͷһҹĻҸʮʯ
ҳʮ飡ٴݵؼӼۡ
ʮ飡Ľ޵ҧгݡ
ʮ飡
ʮ飡
ҹģԾڶˡ
ʮ𣿡ٵóѰЦţÿһǧٿʯ֪ųڵĴ𼸸ˣ
ĽһоԼֵ˶ԷȦ


306 ٶһθ
ٲҪҹֻǰѼ۸̧ȥһҹԼôǮһˣҲԽԽǮҹ϶ˡ
ǰƵһѵľ
ǺǣĽ꣬㲻ҪΪǸȦףŻѼ۸̧ôߣʱֿˣ෴ĿˣԸʮʯļ۸ֻҪλֵԸߣħطʵʵǺ
ʲôʵҹʼգչʾʵ˵ɣǵպϡ
ħط֮гʱսʽҲǼԵҹҶ㣬ϴģͦ
ĽﰵţȴûκΡ
ųҹͻȻ˵ˡ
㡭Ľһҹӣ̲ס̾˿
ҹ㲻Ǹս߰ɣСĽ껹ҪǼСôá㡭սһǶ
С䣬ĽһʱЩȻ뵽ԼĵһֻǸЦЩˣ˸־ҹǱǿģοһ͸׬һǧʯߣҲסҲҴǰ̫ˡ
С㡭С۰Ľ꣬ɸֵصҹһۡ
ܲ˵ꣿҹٴαŪÿЦã˵ոһǧʯܲܽã
裿ĽǰһȻˡ
ոõлûȵƱ˳־͵ݸҹ
ҹֳһ봧ڻ֮ߵ˱ˣڵϵĻͷߣӦŵųɣ
ǡͷؿŶԷ֪ʲô˼
үС㲻̫һܣôֶˣʯ͵ǵҽҩѡҹƱԷ
ͷһʱˣҲͷһأɴûд֮󣬶Էҽҩѵģҳ־ʯҲǴֱˡ
ʯţԺôأҲи㣬ҹԷţɣŽүĻ춼ôܣҿɲǻػضҽҩѵġ
ͷһӸˣ˵ҹ⻰ӦвˣǶԷָһʯȸһ棬ٴһ鳰ɣ
ϸһĥҹ˵ûͦеģٺĽˣһ޶ŵģһڵģĸǲ
ԼֻǸС֣϶˭˵Ժٲ顣ƫƫҹ޳ߵļһаŵӣȻصķӡãٸҹ֣Ҳռˣǻ˼˵ģԿֻˡ
ûҹѹЩ㲻ûѾ˰ɣҲڵǰӣڽǸ󷴵ϣҪ´ٸҶ֣ҿɾҪֱӰſˣŲŵʱֵǶ߹ˣ
ȡӣǻͷ˲أ֪ܵʲôΣԽε⣬ǾˡͷҲǵųˣȻ֪ʲô˵Ҫ
һţųû㹻ʵѹ棬СǰʧӣҲͽӽɢˡ
ҹѻһ̾ѡ񣬶Ҳ֣ܳǵȷ˺ܶˣԼ׬Ǯǲ׬ԹԻȥ˰ɡ
㡭Ҳ֪ҹĹȴֲ÷ʲôֻؿŻͷһ˷ķ̧̧ѸٳˣֻʣĻȻЩ
ҹҸո˵㿼ǵôˣټԼĿ꣬㻹ٵĻҿԳʮʯ
ʵڱǸӣҹ̯̯֣ҲˣǷųһǧʯ֮ǰǵԼÿʯļ۸ҴŻҪųܳһʱ䣬һжȵʱ˵ɡ
ߡҲԼŭ𣬡ܺãҹһ֪ж޴ʱңҲлߣ
ǲǾҲɱ㣿ҹ˹ͷϵĺ۶ڶԵЩˡ
ټ˸ҲǸ۷Ϊң
Ǻǣһ治ҡҹԳЦЦ
ûɵһ˫۾ţʮΣյĸоǻи߻ţǲô̤ʵ˿ԷϲңǷ
ûбֵ̫ԣ¶˱ĵɫ̬ȣ֪㲻ң
ǲңҲ֪ӽɳʯͷҲңҹЦţǿҪСĵˣ
˵ҹʯͷףʱ׳ȥ
ٺ޺޵ҹһۣǴǸϣǿʲô
ߣֻǺôһ֡
ߣҹ۾һ£߿²Уǵܼˣ
˵һʯͷȫŽط˹ȥ
ˡ
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ٴЩһԼٶȳԶȥҲƷ
𿴸ո˵ĶǿߣǰؼҲСٵ»ܶȥҪһ˹ǵؼǿҲùˡ
ҹҼסˣٴʱѾ֣еԼĺ
ಡ
Ӱ䣬ǡǡ˽ٵǰ
ٿ˵ʱϲ⣺磬λʦ֣Ҳˣ
ãĽ꿴ԶĸˣҲüͷǽٵĴ罪㣬Ѿ켶Ϊû뵽޶һĸ켶أҹһô㣬㶼Ҫ˵ٳ֣Ȼǿ϶һɱġ
ҹĿҲһЩĸ켶ȷǺǿĶ֡Ψһһθ켶ǿ߶սľϴҸϵȻӮˣҲ֪ҪҪսʤɱһ켶֣Ŀǰ
ԷĸˣȫֵĻǱ۸˭Զ׼ˡ
ļıأɨһۣȴֻܼܵˣȫŵӰӡ
ǸСӣһ飬ָԶҹıŸˣһǣ磬Ҫұ𣡡
ü˵ܵһֶ˵飬Ҳôֱ׳˵ӶЩҲסǿҹĿȴѾˣܳҰСӣ޶ŵĵ£
Ľҹվȥæǰ˼άټ򵥣ҲҹǸվһߵˣ˶֪ȥάĻǾ治䵱ʲôųˡ
㣬С˵ˣܷܵҪǵһŵǳˣеԼˣѵҲҪǱŵ̫𣿡СĽ꿪ڣС㻹˵ǲ޶ʵǿˣ;еֻܴӮıţֻվǴĻǵҪλú˵һˡ
һݣһСѾͷǸƿĽҪѲˡ
޶Ž㣬ٶһΣǻҶ𣿡


307 Ϣ
ڣţʵı仯֮ʵѾ޼⼸޶ţ֮ƣҪѹͷһ㡣
Ҳֻͷ޶ŵˣҲ˵Сڡ
ȻףǸСѾͷڸͷϿ۴ñӣǼȻ˵ǶģҾٸǶһΣֻҪǸСӳ֣аհѶԷԼϡ
磬СħطֲôħϿĽƣѰڽϣ֮ͨ˰ǵ˾ǳټҪ֣æҪ˵˳
˵ľͶİǽ첻ˡСƺҲҹ˵æСܾ
ߣСѾͷһ𱰶֣ʵǼС㣬Ķķݶջ֡
ǿʱ͵СǰҪĶ⣬ʾСѾͷĳͽ䡣
ĽҲ׼֮䣬ѾСǰ档
ɫһ£ۿڴĽϣȴһе˼ûС
ˢ
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ħط𣿡Ҳһ˿ȤҾһ´ûɹħط
̹֮Ͳô˵ˡҹЦţεʡ
ҹһȴ˶ɣ
ҸոѾ˵ˣǽ첻ˣĽ꾹ͻȻסҹ첲һôҲֵӡ
ˣɫһָҹ
ҹĽһۣζԷû˿ı˼ֻεյʣƻĽ󣬺ûʲô¶ˡ
ȻҲһ˿ŭ⡣
ǰС˵ˣӮʯˣ˲̫̰ġСԱ߶һ䡣
Ӯùˣ仰޶ŵʮ̶ִ
ڽ͸ЬϳһͨƵġ
һҪأͻȻ˵һɭɭĻ
˵ͬʱѾӶʮɵľ룬¾ûһת˲֮ѾĽǰ޴Ȼ¡
Ľŵûʧɫû뵽˵־Ͷ֣Ŀ꾹Ȼ
вһ۾
Ȼվûֻһ󾢷磬ϴ㷢ñӱ紵䣬һͷ˿㴹Ľ΢Ľë˼ֳ֮ɫ
㣬ǼСκʧڲŹģСҲŵòᣬæСסŭŽ㡣
ǸʦÿЦѣ㲻ɫĿȴҹһս㲻ģҲҵǰ
ҹ̧ͷһۣתͷȥոһƣɱûУŪ˭أ
мȷеظоǰһﾹȻǲмؿһۡ
Ƿһ̶ֳȥɱ˶Էĳ嶯Ҳ֪ҹҲͷ޹ɱ˵ĻĲý
ĽȻûдǰǿˣǴϾûֻҪǸ˻һ죬Ľ궼ǿ۸ġ
ߣ㿴һ۽ط򣬡ӡһʱ俪أɾҲûʲôԶصĵطˡ
˶ҹһۣһһż˶Ƿȥ
㲻ưոݣĽ궼Щˣٻһطɣһĸ켶֣ʱ϶ҹġ
ǻðǸٸɱˣС޺޵˵
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ҪץңҲɱˡҹƵ˵Ҳʯ
Ľ귭˸ۣĶãǲţ켶Ϊһƣɱ
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⵹ǲҹǰһ
޶ЩˣѾǶˣܴЩ׬ʯȻǲѡ
ͷǼһһܣƭʯֵɱɱˣ֮ǰе˷ʱˣȥϢһ״׬ʯ·ҲЩ
˺òãĽҹҲˣСҲһ֣ǿ켶һĸ켶
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ҹôҲ˵ģԻԼɡ
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Щص飬ܸܲ˵һ㣬Ҳ׼ҹʵ
صҲ̫ϾҪϰŻῪһΣĽҲҡͷΨһ֪ǣֻؿ֮󣬸Сɣ˽룬ɱޣЩͶ׵ģҳ޵޺֮⣬Ƥⶼãҩ֮ѡֻħϿֵطϽ쾳ϵĸֽģԾɣּĽ֮УҲֻܿ켶ֵһЩСɣû̫ơ
Ŷû쾳Ļǽ浹ǲõˡҹ쾳ܽأ̾ʹΪ
֮ǰİ޶ŸǼˣԷڶɱ׿ǵĻûбĸ˵ˡ
㲻ɣĽ꾪㵵
һ˴Ļе⣬ҹɨˣһһƼ޵ǰԱûУҼְɡ
Ҳ켶ѣĽ꾪ϲ
ǵûУмģСҹ뵽СᣬǲˣҲġ
ǲһ𣿡Ľ̾
ȻһǻЩԸ޵ľ飬ĻҹĽвʥ۾ֻúһЩǻȽȱЩ顣
о飬ҲԸҲЩɣĽɲʲôҲɵϡ
ţҪ˵ɱĻ϶ЩǾ㹻ˡҹ
ǣĽ̸оԼˣǲҪõһų
úúãҹæסԷֻ⡣
ʲô
㲻Լˣҹʡ
㣬Ľˬش漴ֽؿôɲʲôͷ
ҹЩŮ˶̫ˣֻһ£ǲһ츳ĵӣ
ŶԭΪĽȻǸŮ𣿡


308 
С㣬˵ҹ᲻᲻ˣСվħϿȵڴһصȴš
ҹ˵ȥҰ֣һͷ˰죬޶ŵ˶ˣЩĺţҲ½ϿУҹȴûе
ģĽǳȷŵ˵ӵģڼȻõϢûм֮ǰǲ뿪ǵġ
ҹ˵ϢԷӣ߶סĽ궼ЩĽǸûмŮˡ
ҲòҲ٣Ǹ٣Ϊɽ飬ܾһ»ģΪѵġ
Щˣȴûһۣ޶ǿɵĵӣĪ˵ǽ۷壬ǽ켶֣ҲδؾĿ࿴
Щ˻ǿòǿڵݣЩǳʧȥĶһûЩ˭䱦
ҹĽһοŨŨĹУƺ֪ԷΣգ֪ԲҲһһɱһ㡣
ӵģҲҪҵ𣿡СȴͻȻһһôõˣһﶼȥ˵ڣɽҶȥģɾ˵ǸŮһɽͱչˣҪ켶ء
ǸͲܹܵ˵ˡĽͻȻʲôԣףС䣬ôͻȻ֮ҹˣѵ
СϹ˵ʲôѽ㿴ˣСС΢죬æѻ
Ľ갵ЦЦСѾͷǶأ
ҹĻЩѶȣ˵ܿҴ˵ǸŮҲòɣС䲻۴ķʲôơ
תͷʱѾߵ˸ǰһǴ޳ߵҹһҲߣǴ˵еԪ˧ǰֵΣûκβЭĵط
λҸ˵İ֣ʯͷԱ߱ǣҾͿԷˡҹָʯͷ
ųãףʯͷĽʹ֮ЩС俴ȥǰû˵һ
ôʯͷҹҲɻˡ
ֻǸоˡʯͷָָС䣬ƺԼҲ׵Ҫ˵ʲô֣ܸӡ
ӣҹҲ࿴Сۡ
֪ʯͷһ츳˵ĵһֱۣܷ˶ûж⣬ɴǰֻʯͷ˵硰Ǻˡ˲Ǻˡۣ֮ͷһμСһøӵ˵
˵ʲôСЩֵصʯͷһۡ
ٺ٣Ҳ֪˵ʲôǺøӣҲ㲻ʯͷӺס
ҹȴЩУʯͷô˵˼൱˵֪СǺ˻ǻˣ˵СѾͷʲôģĽĸ飬ͣʵ͸һ㣬˶ƴΪԷͷôʲôأ
ͬģҲŵùʯͷʯͷһ˵ˣ˵ӣǿ϶иӵԭ
ʯͷ˵ˣС֮͸𱣻ҹԸţתͷĽųҰһŴϣҲҪʳԣҼǸ츳ĵһ棬ֻҪһ棬Ĳܡ
ҹĽԥһ»˵ʵ츳ĵӣǱ޵ģһ̶֮󣬻ᾭ֮ڵĴͷ󣬽봫˵е磬ʵʵҲ֪Ǹ˻ڲˣҲƭ㡭
ҹһѵﻹ磿
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ҹһѾ͵磬ҵɾ͸ˡ
һСĻҪﵽ֮󣬲ܽĻͶСô츳Ҳôʹﵽġ
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ô˵ҪˣҲһĪĻںˡ
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ҹһȻЦһ£ã飬ҳˣ֮󣬲ܽôһһŸ߰ɣһһصر֮
ҹ㡭Ľԥʵ㲻ǰƭɣʵұ˵ģֻһôˣһʧ֮ǰҲȷû˽̫ⷽ飬ֱȥ֪츳ĵӣʵǽģֻûа취ͻ쾳ˣŻһֱ磬ҲҪƭġ
ǺǣûϵҹһЦƭң϶һֱƭȥҲھͰʵ˵ˣ˵Ѿ磬Ҳ֪һĿ꣬ҵ֮һȥ
磬һʱѾϲأСȴСĵţˣ˵һ㡭
ħط˵ȻǴûǿ켶ûУ˵죬ο쾳Ҳ˵ܽģҪС
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ϲңҹţȴǹһЦǾ͵ϲҵʱ˵ɡ
ĸһ·ħϿȵȥոתһѪ֮ʱ˺ܶࡣ
޹Ȼǿ󣡡ҹҲһ£ѪζܸоѾֻһˡ
Ӱ
߽ûжãǰѾвӴڵˡЩһЩɢŵˣΪȽһЩӶ࣬ؼֻ֮
ǵʵһ˶ԸһͷޣҲûʲôģȴƽһٶȿ뵲ס
Щؼĸֻã߼ûзӦѾ޸˵ˡ
ַٶȵ޹֮£ǵؼҲ֧Ų̫ãټЩɢıţûкָӺ֯ҩֶģԲغϣѾɱĶˡ
ܵĹУ滹вٵ޷ɴ׷֮У֪ٴɥڽ֮ˡ

һؼ֣ȥǸųӣһֻк󱳣ɵڵ֮ǺѾۿɥצ¡
ˢ
һӰŻһƣܶԸţǵؼǣĺܣȻǿһƣ󷭹վס
һߣվ󣡡


309 һ
վΪʲôҪվ
ȳʱﶼʺţһǾ֪Ϊʲôˡ
һͷһͷǳ޳ߵˣȴǺеĶһվһҲ
𡭡
ͿˣܶʲôˣֻҪˣ̾һצȥЩµˣ˲ͱ޸ûˣҵľʵڿֲ
ʱҿҹжһѺɫᵶ֮䣬һյĺӰ޴Ѱҹڵ̾ͱն롣
ޣһǼǿޣȴԵסһ֮
ҹվһŮǶûˣûˣǸҹĽŲһһǰһϵļ⵶
Ī˵ǱˣĽСˡ
ޣһ֮еףǸ۷徳磬Щ׷ɱ·ӵˣ֪Щ޶ˡ
ôޣҹǰȻȫûзǳģ޲ǱҹһնɱĶûС
ֻƬ̵ĹҹĺѾմѪȴԼĶûС
׶޳ߣȾѪۣںᵶÿ̤һһ޵ʬ
ĽһʱЩˣСڴĳޣ
֮ǰͷһսʱĽʼնΪҹ˵ռǸ󷴵ĹˣͻȻ֮һС򣬾˵Ҳ
ǰһĻѾױˣҹ棬ֻһֱܵľٶ
ոձͷķɣֽұҹյˣһĸ˵󣺡·ɱųǣԸµһһţλǰȾǵˣ
ǵ˶վ󣬲ȻҲûа취СȻҲ𾪣˿Ѿ侲ǷԸ
ǣ̾ʹ󺰳ɱţٵų󼯽ᣬųһ尡Ҳ֪ҹݣֻǿ˹䣬Ϊҹų
ҹųĽû˿ų⣬һĽԼоųҹʺϣ
ϧҹһֱԼߣĿ԰һһţԼĻ
ļһţʯͷҲ
һţվ󣡡ӦĽҲ
˵һڶܿ۹ҹǾһʯ·м̾ͱǵĺ档
ʼʱҹĸ˻̫ԣʮ֮󣬾ǲȥҲ̾ܿһ޴ıɡ˭᲻֪㵽ȥѣ
ҹѸپͱһǼ⵶ֱֱؾŽص֮вȥ
ȡ
ҹ˫ֳֵȻ޾ǰȥӭκζѾһֳ룬Ѫ֮УһµĻᶼûˡ
żЩûбһնɱģЩĵؼ֣һһնȥ޺ܿͳ⽴
һ޳ܿȥﻹŨѪص޵ʬȻɫ
һİ
ҹתͷʱѾ˼ʮˣҹΪ㣬һһĺ档
ˣʱɱ⣬滹и࣬ҹЩոˣ˭һŵģͼҵҪ뿪ģھ˳ȥɣǵһŲǿ󣬲ȥ֮ǲҪٽˣﲻתĵط

һӶͷȥǸҹҲֻΪ׷·ߣҪ˵˼˵ıţﻹЩִڽ֮ҹΪЩû١
ҹȴ˵ˣǲ룬ߣţ֮ǰǣ͵ǰ׾ˡ
⻰˵һ˶оЩҹǵЩС֮ˡ
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ǾҰĲҪڽؿʱȡԴȴû뵽ԼʵͲӦеա
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ڣҹȴǵһᣬţɵŵҲδؾͱҹܸǿʲô
ǣʮ˵Ķ鼸Ƭ̹ѾˣµʮǵؼΪ
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ҹһĽַʲô񾭣ԼѪĻãֱԼĶȥˡ
Ҫ֮ʵǿô죿ɱŮвɣ
˵ʲôһۿСȻ̾ʶĽ»ʲôɣ
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ҲӦ׷׸̾ţֻ˵Ľò绨һû뵽һŮӡ
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ԼЩˣǿɾǵһŵԪˡЩЩ˶ӸоԼѡǶԵˡ
һţôĿȴڴʱ˹Ǹؼǿߣнٵˣų֪ҲҸҴԼ
˶һݣ޶ŵ˰ǶЩһøжûУΪ޶ۿǸԵıţ޻ҧȴûκҪְæ˼һҹֱһȺޡ
ľͶģĽ껹û˵СѾڴӦˣ磬ݺݵؽѵ
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ѪԼʯſϽѵһ˵ģһǧʯʤΣ
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ţü
ǵһֻһˣһӶʮֵܣȻһλҹ̹Ȼ
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һŵ˶Ǵ󾪣û뵽ҹ֮⣬ȥֻСҲôȻ켶ǿߣһƣЩʶӲ
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ֽڣһ֪Ƕô޴뷨ҹЦ
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㵱ȻЩЦʲôףҹôģ
ʶҲУиǲͬģһҲˮԷһӣҲˮһˮʶⲻˣһȴܰΡ
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ƣڶӽȭͷӿ޴ҹ졣
ҹȭͷǰƶȻȴһ̶ûͣ


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ƣȻһСըӽȭͷﱻ˳ҹͷ紵÷
ǣȭͷȴȻûֹסƣ
˽ˣһʱãȻ˾ͷȻЩ֪롣
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һзü죬ȴƫƫͷһҿÿһϸڶûб©
ҹĶˣÿһƶ̫죬ǵʱȴȥѻȥ㶼Ѿˡ
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һǵײȴ֮ңҹٰ֮ǰ֣öҲεֶҲϣ㻹гȭĻ
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ĴͻƣĽ꾪ˣǵҪ೤ʱ䣿һ˵һĸ취ô죿
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˵ǣħϿȱռˣǵһţС̾ʲô˼
ҹûڵһκεְȻҹĵλųߣոųûʹĽȫһŸԷƲϵ
ֻҪ˵ҹ˵¶ֻҹ֣һŰëǮϵûС
ǡĽҲһ׹ҲֻǰѵһŸ˳ȥҹԼ鷳һ٣㲻Ū綼ǵ𣿡
˶Щʲô׽ʱͬǵˣǴˣµģǵ˶࣬û˭ǵˣҹȻЦһ£οΪôһСĽأҲδؾжԸرǣ֪޶ŵ켶ֱҷ֮󡣡
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˵ҩͨĵȻԣܽ켶ĵҩôô׵õ˵Ǽ۸񲻱ȾҪС٣ܸҩҲõа
ҿˣҲǵؼ۷ĳ̶ȣҲʵ˺ܾ˰ɣھһͻơҹ˵
϶Ƿһɬȷڵؼ۷ǻܾˣͻƿɲ˵һ¾ģͱչͻȥˡ
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Ȼ֪ҹı´󣬵Ͼ¹ΪǻǱܵΪܡһҹӣͻȻֻѵʲôİ취
ҹҲǣ޺˻һڵϡִӱȡ¿ڴͬԼ֮ǰܵ޺ˣҲ˵ϣʱһСѡ
ԸԵľֻһΡҹ
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Ҫ˵аһͻ켶ҿɲ˵ھҲһͻưɣܱ֤ͻƲˣҲǾ޺ҹ̹Ȼ
ǾͺãĽҲû֣ҹһ仰ѾŲˡ
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۷ˣĽ꿴ʯͷҲ۷ΪѾˣɶԷȻ˵ܳʱˣʵ˾ȡ
Сĸˣʯͷָͷš
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ʯͷȥɣҹҲû룬ĶЩرͻʱֲһһЩ˶׼һ£ҵܡ
ҹ˵ţԼһ޺˵Сϡ
ٴβضһۣΪҹ޺ŪСķʲôģڿˡ
ڲ˵Щʱ򣬼Ȼҹ£Ǿ°ɣֻôͻأ


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ҹķԸһֻҹϣﻹڸ֣ѵҪǣħطϸûһĶĴ
Ȼһ̣һɹŨҵϢ˳ǵֱ۹˾ȵط֣ǰѾҹһ޴ЩԴԴϵ͸ÿˡ
ǿ
ﻹ֪ҪʲôôǿŨ֮£ǻٲȥûͻƵĻǾǴʧǧѷˡ
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εҹȦм䣬ȦĽʯͷǣо˾޴ѹ
ҹôģĽ˶ԶһЩ»Ӱ쵽⼸˵ͻƣȻֱʯ
ϵܣ̫ˣСҲ
֪ħطһִޣҲ棬ֻ޵ԼǿԭиҹȴͨԼݸˣЩֱӴ޺ʯﴫݳȥģ̫˼ˡ
ʲôҲֱհʯͷ˵ӣЩΪȻʱ޺˵ҳء
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Щ˿ûӰ쵽˵ͻƣǸͶһûаʶһһԼͻ֮С
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ˡ
ǵ𾪻ûнžһѸپ͸֮ǰսһһƬռײҲ
顭
ҵĳײڲظ˶ײ÷˳ȥǶһѪ

žͱϲĴЦ
ˣûͻƵ켶Ȼľô׵ͻˣϸȥ
С㣬ǡ˰ɣС俴ż˷ӣ̲סЩˡ
ĽҲǹЦ켶֣С䣬ǵĵһ켶ˣԣ
ĽҲ֪ҪôȥԼļ˵˵ŵʱֻ۾વ
С㡭С俴Ľӣ֪ȻˣȴִЩĵ£Ҳܴͨľأ
ҹĽһҹûء
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ۡ
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315 
ҹҡҡͷûУ̫ˣ
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ջǺǿڣ˷̫޺ʯ˵׼پһٳɹʵǡٴԸԴΪ
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ղŵͻƿƼ򵥣ûҹǿⱲӶһ̵ĺˡ
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Ľ⻰ʱͨ죬˼ޣһڡȴס˼Ҳ֪ҹǲǹ˵ġ
ҪҳҹҲ֪ˣæɫԭΪѾԶǸոͻƲ֪̫ԶҪͻĻҪҪȸղŶʮҲֹ
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̫٣׵Ҳ̫СҪȻĻ˵ͻˣϧҲǳеġҹҡͷ̾Ȼ̫Сˡ
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ĽףҹڲԼڴǰֵ̫ɣϾһţԺԼıţʲô鶼ҹǰ档
ҹҲڸųδؾҪʲô鶼Լߣͺ⼸ˣǽŵģʵרŸԼһʦֻҪѻ˵̫׳ˣЩ齻Ҳһġ
ǵһŸոս绹ûʲôвĻҪЩԱ˵һĽ꣬Էɫ΢΢һ£е⡣
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ǺǣʵҲʲô⣬ǺһЦǵһţǲڣҲ켶䣬ҪģֻҪһվıԱ񣬾һʱʯҲǰ
ôһ˵ǵȼҲǻȻʣɲôǿɶ켶֡켶ȻǾ޽С
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ڣһӵ켶ֵıţǶһݶ˭ỳ齨֮ʵһ㣬㹻ڶɢĶˡ
ãȥ죬ҹȻЦһ£óȷûʧ㹻һžʦְʱһħϿȱչأҳصʱҪһŲֻʵҪҲΪһţ
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Ľһ˿Ȼ˲ʧˣҹܰͻƵ켶õʲô취
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ԭĽƽȴڲסʧ䡣
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ҹСԼ͵͵ʹɫԥһ£Ҳҽ֮󣬻бİ취ΪҹǸͷ˵֮󣬲ȱĵͻ޸ʱҾиֶοʩչ
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ֱƺıˣɼ¶жôҪ
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һڴȥСĻͷҹ˸лĿΡ
뿪ҹҲ̾˿ڵĳ֮ŮҲѴҪȻΪҲҪԼ齨ţв֪ж飬ֻЩܹʵˡ
ҹ磬޶ŵ˴ˣʯͷͻȻ洫
ʲôɱһ³ҹͷ˻һӰħϿȵĳڴ


316 ٺһЦͻ
ħϿڴһɫòŮӣʩչڲ϶켶ֲϼӿĹ
С椶Һһ£иҹħͷ޶ŵĴУ㲻Ҫ룬㾹Ȼ֪ôҵĻߺߣھ㳢үⳤͷͣ۾С켶֣һ߳һߴаЦ⣬ڸһȥү㣬ڴϵĹ򣬿ɱϵĹҪ֤㳢һ֮󣬾벻үˣ
ŮӵﶸȻһغ⣬ԭֻǶĶһͣƷתһҲ֪νɷӡָֽǰ̣һգ켶ִȥ
켶ôҲû뵽һССĵؼȻܴôѸƵһʱ侹Ȼֱӱ˼ЩֱӾ͹ᴩࡣ
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ǱˣһɤӺܵףħϿ֮󣬾Ȼһֱû뿪Ǳš
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ڸû뵽Ů˾Ȼ˵ı£ﰵЦһҪŮŪһҪ֮ٻŰֻͷ֮ޡ
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˶Իһƣһ˿ѪȻЩˡ
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ʯͷ˵ģ۷ĸµʱ䣬ȴһԾ˵ؼ۷壬ٶȣʵѾԽķΧҹҲʯͷĹ򵥡
֮ǰҲʯͷĹʯͷ˵Ĺͽʯͷ뵽ɽš͡ʯͷš飬ҹҲûٸʵסΪʯͷ˵Ѿǵףû취ȥˡ
ħͷõȻֲ̱ɵֶΣɱ޶һŵӣ½־һҪΪɨƽЩаħԶһӰڿշԾ֮䣬ͿԽ˼ʮףտԽһ㣬գۼѾȽҹˡ
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ʶһɨ֮䣬ѾԿ϶ԷԲ켶Զ켶Ҫ켶֣ڵʵɱǾͲôˡ
һ˦ʯͷˣ˦ħϿȵڡ
ߣ½־һЦնһ׹⣬նҹʱıؾ֮·ϡ


317 һı
Ȼ
ҹ֮Ȼûпĸ֣Ҳ֪˶Է
ߵؼ֮󣬿켶ʵ˻֮⣬Щÿص㡣
ٻС˵⣬۷ͷеģϾһ
ص㣬ǳ֮䣬γĿ⡣֮£ٺƴҲ֮ȴǳ֮䶼ԴţĹâ
ֶԾĻǻͿԱƬ̻ͬƴžģ̬Ӧʮֺÿġ
ֻһ׹ն󣬲ûմҹ˿ֻڵնһ蹵ȥΪֲ
ҹվǺ蹵ǰ棬հҹᵶĿ½־ܣĸ֣׼ͷ
ߣǸϵ˽㣬ų޶ˣ²ܿħϿȵҹ½־΢ͷ°ڸҹ˵
ǲ˵ģ֮ĶԼҹǿߣȻЦ˳֮ǰһѵĻǲһҪأҪҼʶܶ࣬Ѿϰˡ
ߣҪˣƤӣΪ˵仰𣿡½־ܿҹĿ˱ģʲôƨħطߣڱӵһѹʺΪӮ˽Ǹ޵Ǹܴ޶ţ
Ǻǣ˵ˣǿԲأȷ˵ڣҲ̤ħϿԣҲ֪ҹȻЦ
½־ɫ΢΢һ£ƺʲôɵħϿһۡ
ħͷתҵߣ֮ǰϵ㣬ոŰɱףɥĲħͷ㣡½־ܶȻͦţһʦ緶
Ǻǣ˵Ƿףأ޶ŵ켶۷塣ҹʵ
ߣ켶۷ôһǷ½־ܰȻ˵¼Լ֮⣬ȫǷһ
ô˵ǰ޶ŵķﶼˣǵӦøлҲŶ԰ҹ
ǷҲ޶ŵķֲָֻš½־ҹ֪ˣֻϧѾˣɱ޶ŵӣֻ·һ
Ǻǣƾ㣿׼ͷƺĲҹЦңҿҲǲŸոսɣһ֮ǰҲһ켶ķѣȴЦˣǿЦ
½־ɫһոһ׹ҹмԶȷЩ࣬ǸΪ֮ĿľǷֹҹܣĺ·׼ͷ̫֮ĻͲϡ
ǶԷô֪ոսһ£˭֪ɣףЩˣ֪ԼѾɾѵȻôĿ
˵棬ȥɣ½־һ£̧־һɱ˹ȥ
׹ֱҹվ֮֮Ȼǲ˵գ֮Ѿһӡ
½־˿ûиˣ΢΢һüͷոһ³Ȼ죬ҹȻˡ
һն˵ԼΪ˶ĺ·ԷȴǡûжԲʧ֣ڶնѾȴ޹ʵԼҲû뵽
벻ǣҹȻһն֮ʧˡҲûпԷǳˡ
Ϊܲصס𣿡½־ܽһѾħϿȵڴͬʱһʶΧ̽ȥ
ţ
ֻһϢʱ䣬סȭͷȻһλػȥҵİ׹ҲŷҪǸط÷ĩ
䡭
׹һţʯ˺棬ˮһȦȦųҹҲȻ¶
Ȼûб˵ʲôҪӹ½־ܵ۾ȴѾǲܵˡ
СС۷ҲԲ½־ܲ˼ְ
ϻ࣡ҹһٴնյض˶Էնһ׹⡣
˿ҹҲףȷ̫˵ڸǿӣӲĻͲǶԷĶ֡
Ҳ½־һд󣬵ڶñֻն׹⣬һ齣߱ʲôʩչĻѾˡ
һˣҹ˲͸ı˷ƺƴⷽ
ôܵ½־ܰЦöԷôˣҲ˸һ
ǽ
½־ͻȻͺһĵһҹһָƺɱԷֻһֻһ㡣
һָ׹簵ɻһҹȥ
һ׹ʱջһ㣬ʵÿһâͬһѷƥֻҪԲһ㣬̾һ˿ڡ
ҹ⽣֮УʱԵǱ֧穣ȴȻҲӹǽֺ;
ʯͷ
ͻȻԱһȣźƿҲ֮Ȼһ޴ܵľʯ
˵ʯͷ׳ʯ֮š
ߣֵСҲҵǰ԰ڣ½־ֻһƣһعâľʯһģʯ֮ɢˡ
һʯԼ¾Ƕһ㣬Ͳһ½־Ҳ൱⣬˭ϾԺʱ򣬿Ǿʯ֮󣬴ʯķ϶֮һС
ͨ͵ϮҲˣ˲ֺһУȻ׵ؾƿ½־ܵķϢһͣΪڸ˲С˺
ôܣ
½־ܶû뵽Լ֮󣬾Ȼᱻ˴ˡⲻʵǰ⼸ˣûһпܴΪ
ҹǸħطľͲ˵ˣԼ֮У֮ǰǵؼΪҹвҪСҹɱ켶ˡ
ɾ۵ĵؼȻ֮ǰһʯҲˣؼǺһУȻûκιâҫܸоõһ̺вҹ˸źĽҲʲô
ؼӵһܣЩʲôˣ
½־ھУ־͸һƣһȶȴǰʯͷڷΧ֮ڣԸҹʱҪ֣¡
ʯͷҲ֪ǰâһǰסᡣ
䡭
ʯͷˣѪһأؿһǿڻܵסȫһ
ֻüһ£ҲɳȥͬѪע
ߣЩ½־ܺ޵ǣЩǰԼովȻ͵Ϯˡ
飬ѾҪԼǲһʱʧ֣⼸˿ӣǶԷ
ôһ㱵ʱ򣬺ȻһɭȻĺϮǲĺҲܸовɱ
ͷһѺɫᵶǧش̹ȻѾͻ֮ڡ
ƭˣ½־һӻȻ֮ǰҹǱĶϵΪûµѪۣȻһı


318 ǻþ
ȥҹӵ淢ϵĵѪǿֲӣԼǶӵĶһ
½־ףҹ֮ǰǱһǼװģԼĽ⻮ˣȫȻûм֮һ㣬˴ҹ޿ôͻ˽ֻ꣬һƵʱ䣬ѾԼǰ
Ϊɱ½־ȻȣȴһԼ
ǧһ֮䣬һ֣мɢŨҵĹâҹǰѺɫᵶ򱻹âס
ɱң㻹ԶЩ˵һڣ½־ȻԷˣһôԼǸ߸ϵǶԷʲôıƣҲԼĶ֣ʵ
뿴һҹ־ڱصõһ֮󣬻ǺεʧӣûСҹʱҹֻܿԼµɱ⣬۾Ϊɱҵ۶Ҫɺɫ
½־ͷһ˫ɱ۾ȻһֲֿĸоǾ޴ѹɣȥûٶҹ֡
ʱǰѱâסĺɫᵶҹȫһ֮£ǰȥ
һ磬һ硭
½־ﾪҪгԪ֮ȻᱻƵ
ؼԼķؼԼһƲѾ̬ˣǰһûУȻƾһѺڵԼԪͻЩ˵ʲô
ҹɲܶԷﾪκˣҹȻһǰͳǰˣǱɱ֮ˣ
ƴˣڽ֮ʵһܽȫһû뵽ʯͷΪ˾һ֣Ҳһˡ
Ȼҹŭûа취ֻܳᣬȫɱ½־ˡ
½־ܾڳţһֱţⲻܣⲻܣǵȴһ㴩͸ּԪâۿҪ̵ˣô죿
̡
ҹڸԪâĽӴ֮䣬Ȼ̵Ԫѵʴһ
ѵ½־ټһؾȣԼȥ
УôȥˣĻǲͱҲñԷ
Ҳ֪½־ͻȻâţҹĹһ֮䣬Ȼɳһţҹ
ҹ֮УȻȫƣҪˣǲܵġ
ۿһžҪߵҹͿԷԥط˺ڵιһŤһӾ½־ܵ󣬻ȭͷݺݵȥ
Ϊл𣿡½־ܱ滹ǰȴ羪һ亹
ǸոͻȻһ£λҹˣСˣҲ㹻ﶪˡ
ղŵ飬ҲЩҹ֮䣬׻ž޴Ĳ࣬ҪѺڵЩ죬ȻƿԪ֮ԷǸ׳գȻѺڵˡ
ҹĶ죬ҲתĻᣬʧȥ˺ڵҹһƥûݺצǣʲôã
½־ܲмһЦӾվܴ

ƿյѸ½־Ҳ΢΢һüͷ
顭
ҹȭͷںݺݵϣ½־˶ҳ鴤һ¡
ۣۣһۣ
ۡ
һѪڵһƬ졣
½־ܴŭŷߺ޵Ԫ⣬ҹӳȫһƣļһڱĲӬһķˡ
Ȼһ˼£߳һƬѸոѪס
ûˣûѪⶼǻþһССͨˣô˵õң½־ܿ޶ŵһţ
Ǻǣ޶ŵҲˣһҶûѪҴһȭѪҩһţҹȻˣȴһûзĻһð
Ʈһøַϱ任λʵǣҹһƴתԼ֪ʲôλ˵ġ
ǾҲһûзҹ˼رҲΪˡ

Ϊ˵½־ܣ⻰ʱȻʲô飬ոѪֱ߿õǰһġ
Ӷͬʱҹڵɰ˳ȥ
ֻҹҲ˵ãӻûմأӲڿоŤתһǶȣҹ䲻ݷҹ̹ȥҲֻܴ档
ȻҹµһӾȻѰҹõ
½־öԷôαҹҪһ֮âҪһӡһ㣬Ȼҹȥ
˿ҹǱɵˣֻ㶵վȻһҪӡ
½־Цһ֮Ĳ˰ɣкڵôҲ˵ôһҪҵΪôվҾͲɱˣ
䡭
½־ϵЦţᡭ
ֻ˾޴ֱͲܿģԼǿʮûа취սʤǿ
½־ܾصͷԪҹȻֻаߵľ룬ƺֻҪ̽̽־ץԷ
ǾߵľȴȻ԰
ͻȻһöⵯЩâո½־ܷЩԪâֱ̫һ㡣
ô½־վǱĺģ޴ȥܣȴǲ⡣
һοҹվλʱףԷѾ˽ص档
ħϿȽأ߲ڣ߱
綼֪ĹأʱٲȻ˶Էһؼʱˡ
ɺҲǣҲǡ
½־ףҹڱʱһ·һ·ųʱһѾ뵽һĻ׼㣬óķʽԼĹȥ
װȥڵԼǰȴû뵽һҪɱҹȴҹɱ塣
Ȼը֮У½־ܸоԼ嶼Ҫȫɢˣȫľ֪˶٣ڹͷǶͲ˵ˣ˲𡭡
½־һʱȵطԼȻţǿܹٺĸоϲѣ̾ʹϷһҩ衣
ŵǰһĨɫҹվǰ
ҹ½־̱ڵأϵѪ˺ۣĸ߰ѾȻ޴棬еֻǿ־;ţһǿߵ㱣֤޶֮Թʹһʹ
һʹҹζؿŶԷ
޶ž鷳½־ǿ˵ΪѾҹĲм
վŵ㣬㻹˵𣿡ҹʡ
½־ܵ۽һվŵҹֻ϶ѡ뵽ȻһɲõԤС
㲻ܣɱң޶һ㲻ݣ½־ҧ
˵ĺҲɱ㣬ǾͻŹһҹһ˿ɫߵˣҸ㲻ݣ
ǡ
½־ܻ˵ʲôڵѾ͸ĺ


319 ޺
޶ų¶ˣǴ¶
һ켶ӱϣһ켶ӱɱһǿߣȻҲһЩˣͬһ˵˽ҹǧû߽׹ħط
һʱ𶯣ȳ𶯵Щûʲô츳ˡܶ˶ΪħطҲãĹ˵ħطǸʲôգǲˡ
ƣЩ˵Ͳ߽׵ˣžһͨ⡣˭˵߽ף治߽ףҹɱ
ǵһģͷħطЩٱһģҲЩħطˣΪܣԼҲܰ
еİٱڿƣǸҹˣʵҲһ㣬ǵħطŻͻȻ֮ʵǡ
˵⻰ÿӶкüңҹֻһҲûˡ
ҷֵģħϿı仯ӡ
һдţҹڴˣݽħϿһáһʵ򵥣Ǵĳϰһ·Ѫдţңٱҹ
ʵһӺܺ⣬ﻹһ½־ܵʬʱֻɱ޶ŵ֣˵Էǵɫ㹻úܶ˾ˡ
ǰһӣͱȽˣʲôݽ裿˵԰ռħϿȾ£ݽ裡
ɻ˵˵Ҫͽ谡˭ģ˵ЩɵĵӣǴҲܱôһ仰Ͳȥ˰ɣ
ħϿȻǸôô˭Ҳûаӵ¶ûãʬͱ޶ŵ˸ˣӵȻҲŭҡ
ҴӴ֮ħϿϣһףһǽɡ޶ŵ쾳ϣǱ˴˲ϵģǴ˴ξȻͬϾӶǱҹˣһġ
ͬʱ޶Ҳ켶֣ӱĿŽﳷħϿ׷ɱҹ
⻹дıųԱҲһħϿԽеȡ׷ɱҹͽΪɱҹԵõʯۣκһŶۺġ
ҲбŶȥȡ񣬸˶ǱȽ֪֮ġҹɱˣƾһ켶ûеСţôɱѵվһ𣬺ݺݶҹɱ
ɽص޶켶ӣҲﰵƾʲôԼΪһȥģˣǼ켶ô
λŴҶôɣƽʱףϺͽϣڱǼˣһ켶ڰ಻סͷ
Ҳð죬˵˲֣»صҲᱻϵΪɽŰɣҲ·һ
ֳĬ⻰˵Ҳʵ飬ؼҹװ̫ˣһĺۣټһקſ޳ߣϹӲܼװʶ
ǲƤһͶ࣬ǼҪֿһҹҲԶһӦ
Ķ֣ƾǼˣĶ֣˲ΪȻ
ҵ˼˵λ΢΢һЦǶ޶ŵķλʱǵùˣֻҪԷûϳҲװʶ
һӻȻ˶һ𣬵ԸҹҪѴҰһϡҪһҪװһװ˭ҲӲһҲͲõĻ֮˸ˡ
һԷϳأ󣬴ҶһβĽ취ǣҲϣΪ˴ø
޶ŵļ켶ӣôʯ쾪ؽѣŵλϣζ뵽ɡ
ȥˣûʲôҹջʵ̫СˣĿŽЩص֮һҪǽص·;ȽϸӣҹȥҲޡ
֮ǰص˶ǵãڽؿ֮ʱ޳ȺӣҪû˽ĻԼȺս
ڲŹȥһңôͱˣ
漴뵽Ǹۣͷ޳ߣÿһȻɱһͷ޵ӰҲѹ֣Ǹ̬ĿڣҲͲˡ
˵ҹѾˡ޶ŵʱ
ãҶһȻ٣ЩκһضΣա
ĻǲǿԷֿһЩˣ飬һֱһĻɱ޵ٶʵ̫ˣ
ɱٶޱͲңǼֶһȻĻʾ͸СȻ˵뻹ǻܶ࣬Ͼû˸Ҹǵʵ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ǵҪ׷ɱҹҹǵ֮£ûг֣޶㲻ĻǼҲһѡ
λǻȥ𣿡һʵ
˭˶һüͷ⼸컹û˸ҴôǼ켶ǿ߻ˡ
һعͷҶоһǰۣͷ޳ߣﻹһڹӵĺᵶ
һ֮󣬴ڲ²ţ˼ٰİɣ
漴ͰͷĨɱ˭֪ҹ޶Ҫɱˣٰҹûкôֻ޶Ÿֵ׷ɱǴпӵĻ
˵ҹ֮⣬ԵħطǰҲûɼҹһǶ㲻ȥˡ
̨֪кָ̣ݵĴ֮˳ҹʵ
޶ŵ˰ɣҹʵ
Բǣͬ
ǹ֮᳹ǰķ룬ϣ
ĸɵģҹЦţһȺ켶ɢޡ
˲Ͱˣôû뵽أ
켶ǿߣǷëǣһŪü޵ģ
ǡҲˡ
ˣҲΪǣɵӶѣҹ쵶һָϵ޺˽ã
裿˶棬ҲûҪɣ
ո˭˵ٰҹûкôţⲻǺôôһվðѺڵǮ˻ҷ
Ҳֻԥһ£ǶȴޱȻװ޺˵Ĵӽȥͬʱﰵһҿʱ򣬰ѴǰĴȻؾȫûˡ
ҹ޺ϵ˵࣬˵ǿˣòҪȥ
治޶ŵġԼһŤͷԷӺһ
ѵɱޣҵҲԡҹǺЦЦ
棬ǻ˰ɣǵ޶ŵˣۻҹ򹤣ͼʲô
ҹˣٴԴӽħϿ֮õƵˡô죿ȥôϽ
֮󣬴ڲһȽϺݵİ취ԳŶԷնȥ


320 ֮
޶ż켶ӣǱ鲼˺ۣѪشħϿ˳ȥһĻɰڶıŸŻˡ
֮ǰ˵ҹɱ켶ɱֻǴ˵ѣʬ˱ϾǼЩǱˣǿۿˡ
ǲʲôʵıţѸٵ˳ħϿȣЩѾõ˲ٺôıţԼ
û뵽ǣħϿȽĳڴʱһͷ޳ߣֳֺɫᵶˡ
޺£ǿˡҹЩ˵
ڳÿˣ϶һ鴤
̫ҪˣⲻȻ飬ڱҲǳ£ˣ͸оĵرС߾֮ҪǱǣǿɾʮħͷˡ
Ǵǰ˶࣬Զ٣㼸˼һˣбţ
ôˣһϡ˶Ȼͷɻ˵һ룬ڵѾܵ˲ϡ
ôͷˣҲǱＫٵһ켶֣ԭֻҪһϣһܱôǿԳߵˣͲˣֲɱġ
ǡ̫ˣ쵽˵˻ûзӦϵѾŲˡ
˵ʲôҹźᵶֶһ£˵Ƥ̾͸Ŷһ£ʮĬѻ˵ꡣ
˵켶߰Ļ棬ôˣһϡ̫ˣӦŶӣһ
ȥ
켶֣̾ջӵĿ⣬켶켶־񹥻ȫˣҿԸǰά򣬱֤һ޺˶ٲˡ
ǲҪոջ壬ת۾ͱ˳ˡҷ׷ײĿ֮ǰǶС磬Ҳһӱˡ
켶ǿ߶㲻ȥԷһЩô˼ҵĶ֣һϣмܻģ޺Ȼ󣬵Ļ
ǲҹ˵ʲôЩһ
ⱾħϿȵڴȻн磬滹ǿؿ龰
޶ŵϣǼ˿ڵ켶ؿҹա·ѡȴһ취ûС
Ǽ켶ӣŴ򽻳ϵ޺ˣȻϲصسħϿȣָԷһһĳ嶯
˵ʲô¶ȥɱˣʱҪһ̰ҿⳡ棬ͺĳ٣ҶæȥͺƵģ˼ҪյĻǲԼ͵ˡ
һǰƶûһ˸˽һ޺ˣΪðհҹҲˣǸ켶Ĺȿأ治Ǹ
ţ˵òᰡ
ҹɨۿһºŶӵˣ඼Щ˵ˣе˵ûͦأǰ󺺣һֱ۶ˣǲʱƣҲǷҪϵɡ
ҹĻԷҲһƬȻǱСţҲûжߣҪðűŵķգڲ˲أԼˣƴ޺ˣջҪΪУȴһ취ûС
ʵǿĵǴ򲻹ҹ޶ŵ˶ԷնɱοЩɢɵСţҸԷΪС
޺ȥ˰ɡҹ֣ʾԷֱ뿪
⡭Щŵؿ˿ԷȷԷ˵ģʲôæлǰ
ÿҹûߣò˵һ䣬ҲǵؼΪʵҸõţ´ξͲôˡ
ǰֱ֪̫ڴ￴ȥĶ̫࣬ǱżѣԼֵܽ˸Сţû뵽ʹϧ˵
ȥɣҹûԷ໰Ҹ켶ֶЩıţĹޡ
Ǵһ£ƺʲôٹһŴҴˡ
ʮ˵СųԱһرҹֱӷˣ˭Ҳûʧ޺ˡ
Ժ˷׷״ԣҹʵǸˣҪȻҲֱӷŹЩ˲ˣģʵǸ켶ȡ
Ǹҹ켶һϢ֮棬Ϊʲôٵҹ˺ˣԼȴʮĻûˣôҲǱ˰
СŶѾ뿪ˣʣҹվħϿȵĽԵ϶š
ҹĿҪҹӽϳȥٰƤһ
ʲô£ҹĵʣæúܣûйġ
Ϸ򽪱ɣҶӽǱһΪⱲӱ˷˵ġ˵ʱĺ˼֡
ϷףҶףҲǱħͷŰɱףҲ۾ŭš
ףĶӱӲǼһﱻ켶һܣȴͼ۸СᣬʵǸļһ㣬ӦûһӽףɵģҲûлȥɣҲġ
㡭ħͷϷ㲻죡ףһҲˣӶѾҪ
ӣȻȫһôܲŭ
ҹĿҲ˼ֺ⣬ɱңѵҾ͸ͷɱǸ㣬ֻҵĻ˵ҲûбϵĻᡣ
Ҳһŭģе츳һӣϾҪ½־һֻҪһ̤ǰ;޹ڱСӷ֮󣬾Ȼռ˴һ
ϻ˵ϷһսϷСӸһףŭȵ
ô˵Ǻɱңҹʡ
ߣȻ϶ǲм
ҪɱҹһûвħطСӣҲͲˡ
ΪʲôҪȥҹȤʡ
㡭Ѫ
Է˵ҲԣȻ֪ΪʲôҪոΪҹ὾Դس˴սһ뷨ͲʵСӹúء
бǽҹ
ϼѪҪܽȥͷɽȥɱˡ
СӣϷͲħϿȴһӣף
ֻǷһӣһúõģϾӶڣȴӶɱˣȻŭ
һӣϼһǰǸʱɣҹһ˿֮ɫ
ͷӣ˵Ҳʮˣܻ೤ʱ䣿ܱȵùҹ᣿
һ鴤ţ쵰СӲöԸ˵仰оĿܡ
Сӣ㲻ԣ̤֮꣬һҾ֮أԷףҲֻЩˡ
ո˵Ϳҹһ̤˽硣
ϴϲҪų֣ҹһ̤ȥˡ
ӸոѾ̤һҲûϲĻһ飬ҹָ˵ϼһ̤һ֮أ
㡭϶
Ҳ̤һԣҹ
Ѫע
𡭡
ͻȻ淢һضɪɪ


321 ֮
춯أףͽɶֹͣѪ˵
ǡ
֮Ŀˣ첻ѣŶ೤ʱ䣬֮ľȻѾ
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ףȴǴЦ֮ĿСӣɣڻϳĻֻøң
ҹɫһ䣬Ҳ֪Է˵϶ȫŻոһҲóͷ޾ԲǴǰ޿ɱȣǸʵɫ
֮䣬ҹѾɿسŽȥ
ȥʯͷءϼһĻ֮ʲô֮϶ǺΣյĶȻҲ˵ô϶˵Լһ
𡭡
صһдһԵЩͳҲûô󣬵ܴУԷŨŨķŭ֮⡣
ŭӦǸոճİɣûΪʲôŭ
ҹڼٵţȴһͷҲûС
ڽ֮޶ųϣȴЩˡ
Сӣ˽֮ĿȻӣǳ嵽˽棬ѵΪƾһ˵ɱ˽֮ĵ𣿡ףݺݵ
ոյӣӦǲ֪֮ĵޣҪǿ٣һµҲãôСˣ˾Ҳһ·һ
ףȻɻ˳ۣϣȴǳһµģҲ˵ֻŽٳ
֮ôͿˣѵѾǸɱˣͻȻҲ¶ʵ̫ˡ
ף۽һ¶֮ǰҲǾһ£ΪҹСڣһֱû롣ڿĻȷ̫˲ˡ
ν֮ģʵӡǿޣһ޶նɱɾʱǽӡĳޣͻԶԭķӡ
ľ飬ֻҪ֮ĵһֵĻ˾ͻ˳أΪǶͲǴܿģǲ˳ֻ·һ
ӹ⣬Ǳɱ֮󣬽Ҳ͵·ӡʱֻܵŰ֮һνؿһνؿʱҲδؾħϿȣҲ˵ħϿȿһΣҪ꣬Ŀܻмꡣ
ҲһΣʮ¿ˣû뵽޾Ȼᱻô죬ѵΪǰޱ˵ԭ
²ԭʱҹѾҲƴڶϣʯͷĵط
ֻʯͷʱר־ƺڳ켶ıء
һ˵ǲܵģҹҲ֪ʯͷɲһߣҲһ츳ˣĳ켶磬Ҳһ֡
ڲ޴ŵʯͷֻԼˣֻϣʯͷܿһͻƣϴһһͻƾֱ۷壬ѹҲСˡ
ƾʯͷǿķ켶۷壬Ŷһôܸоõˡ
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ڲţһо޴Ļڳǿ
𶯶ܸоõǶǳǱֱֻ֪һ
ҹʶѾǺǿˣʶΧûгκεĶҲ˵ͷ޵ʶҹҪǿöܷ࣬ˡ
ҹһȻ޵ӣжϣ϶һûмȻ
Ѿ׽ʱĳʶΪжˣΪһ׽Ĺ򡣶ҸͲ棬ýźҲ֪ⶫ϶֮ǰɱЩ޲һεģȻҲѹ׵BOSSʽ֡
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ҹһʯͷǲܵŵģȻ˵ǽ켶ˣ߻ħͲˡ
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ȷһ·֮ҹûжޣǸȥȻǴһǳģҹҪöԷԼ˵
ڼԶһЩλֹȻЧֻҪƫһЩ֮Ǹ޴̾͸ƫƣǳɹͷ޵עˡ
ҹҲǴǳˣǳЩٶ֮⣬ʼӴץ޺
ʱĻҹҪܲһͻƣڲˣֻץеʱ䣬Լõ
ʱŵķԱ˵һãǶҹ˵ĻǱȽЧġ
𡭡
ҹŸոտʼǱ޺øˣǸ֪ҹ޵Ըӷŭһ
û뵽ⶫյЧҹȻûͣ˫£ӿٶȡ
ħϿȣľ㲻϶ïܣ·ȴӣڣҹʹЩӵ·֮УƴһҪԶǸ޴󶯾Ķ
һſ޺ת˲֮ͱոɾһ˷ĩһţʼնûиıһеʱٶȲûаԽԽ졣
ǺҲǱŭһƴҹƶţԶǾ޴ڷرƽҹʶ֮޵ӡ
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ҹһӦǵϸһµʱ򣬲ŷǶߣǲ֪Ƕʲô޴Ĺ
ȫһۼףͷҲһʮף޴֫ÿ̤һ޴Ƿһ
ףҹ۲ͷ޴ļһʶͻȻܵʲôĸţȻҲҲǴһˡ
ҹʶڴӽǸ˵Ĵ֮󣬾ͱȱǿö࣬Сǵ⣬Ҳʶ
֮ǰ½־ܣԷҲͨʶ֮ԼĻظӦģ½־ܵʶ֮ǸȽòһϴ֮ѰλãҲЩĳɷڡ
ˣǿˣʶǸǿһҹǿĵط
ڣǿĶȻһûˣʶϹӣȫоԷ٣ĸ֪ΧֻпյϿȲⲻҹ֡
Ǹ޴Ķ˿̾ȻһûзҹˣԷ˾޴壬ж֮䣬ôһģ
ⶫʵ̫ˣ
Լͷ޴ޣҹȴԷ϶֪λã˿ӦڷٵؽӽҪȻʶҲͻȻʧЧˡ
ܣҹ֪Ƕʵ൱ʲôΪǾĿǰԼսʤͲʲôϣ
ѡĻԸӳأȥʱʶռϷ磬˵ء
𡭡
Щʱ򣬾޴Ѿҹǰ


322 ֮
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ҹһۿֻôһʶ￴ȻҲϸܲ۾ʱôֱ۶͸ڵ￴ۿһġ
ǰȻ÷ŭӵĿҹƺ۾Էһֻ࣬һֻҧϡ
ҹȵǣ֪Էôܵ˿죬ȴһҲûзˡ޴棬һ֮£Ƶľԡ
ǡ̤ƣ
˵ƺӵģȻҹûмұ֤һޣ롣
ޣ
ҵʱ̣ҹʶﾹȻӳ޵
ǶԷҽܣҹʶǱûбġĴСšŹֶĽܡ
ӣвͬȻľ֮һȴҲϹһ˿Ѫ֮仯ҲΪһ˿Ѫڵʼ޷ɾΪޡ
ޣҹһ£˵ˣⶫǸߵȵޣҲԲ
ڲŲ켶ʵǱ켶۷ǿһЩо룬˵޽ӽ޵ˡ
ƺǿҹļɵɫϾȻ˸һ˿ſһ£һ֮ҹƶӣҪҹ˵
ܣҹҲûиУֻ˵ͿܼƵļһжɣ
Ҫ˵ҹڵٶȣҲˣոô޺֮оԼ࣬Ѿ޼ˡ
оϣͻľ룬һûбСǴǰʵ˲⡣
һ֮ƮɶҹɲöԷסԼ˸֮䣬ѾӵӰӶûˡ
ʶٴһɨһûˣͷȥȻҲԷʲôط
ˣҹԭΪֻʶû뵽Ȼ۾ԷӰӣȻ֮仯
˼Ҫӵʱ򣬾ͿǸȻֳԼǰȻǴҡڵس߹ģÿ̤һµ֮һƬһľƺҹʾ
ҹҲԣתͷٳĳȥһͼʶȥҲȥԷֻӵķʽħϿﴩš
ħϿǽСģ·ΪӣϿĴɲ࣬ҹǶﻷϤһˣΪĴС·߹һ飬Ҳ඼ĵ¡
ҹ֪޵ǶԷʵǿҲδؾҵɣ
ͷո޾ѾٴγԼˡ
ҹһԴԼͷԷڸոһͻƷӡʱ򣬾ѾֱӳԼˣɼҪôǶԷʶ֮󵽿£ҪôǶԷа취ͨĳַʽ˽⵽ħϿȵһС
£ԼȻܰѶԷ˦ֱǳ룡
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ƴĻȷһᶼûУӲҹԹעһƴ
ͬʱȥʶţȥûʲô취Ը޵ġ
һ֮£ҹŷԼʶ֮￴Ķʵ̫ˣֻǰûȥҪ
ΪصĶ˵Ǽʮַӣҹһʱ֮Ҳûҵ̫õĶҹ޵ļأҲֻƬѡ
Ҫһ仰ǣΪͽޣ޶࣬Ϊã⡣
仰ҹ˵ĳ嶯ˣĲ̶ˣǶ˵޾һľа
ͬģͷ˵ֻ࣬ȥע⣬ȫһƾҹأͲκεķ
һǲ࣬һûУ˭ǿһ۲ͳ
ҹĵٿһ۹ڷĶֻһͷˣǿֻһ۾֪ҪҲиʱУȻǰ׷ѣһͶķ춯صģǲɵϽ̲
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֮еһӱһΣҪѸ٣Ϊҹ޺˲࣬ȫħϿ֮еõ޺ˣƷʱһҪ˲֪١
ոѾһ֣ȴǹעһ㣬еĶ˳
Ҳһ߰ߣмڰԼ׷̫лᣡ
û뵽ǣҹһӿٶȣ̾һŭ𣬺һͲܴ
ˣҹȫ޺ˣȫȻԽԽľ롣
ħϿ֮޶ųϣŭ˼ָЦ⡣
ѽ֮ĵ޸ŭĽֻԶħϿǸҹոճûгʱǻ˵һЩڵҲˡ
䡭
һʯ޸һβɨɣֱҹ˹ȥ
ҹȻץ޺˶ﲻţȻӵǿʯ΢΢һģжʯͷ֮ϵĸ漴ɵ˱ȥ
ȻȷǺܴ󣬵ҹĽܷΧɽЩ鷳ˣǿʯ֮󣬺ȻҹΪĵ
ʶõϢ˵޾ֶ֮Σ൱һַڷֶΣҹûпҲ֪Ҫôȥƽ⡣
֮ǰ½־ܣԷĽⲻ֮ͬǰУҹ֪ǶԼƵǰģͲһˡ
ҲûиܵĿռͻᣬҲֻһˡ
ҹȻһնһնװҹþҪﵽ̺ŶǿȻǲ˿⡣
ˢ
ҹһӰһնն·ӿȴһţҹȥ
ѵֻһͨѣҹû˿Ѿ͸һʱЩⶫʲô
Ȼôһɲǵʱ䣬ҹͻȻоһǿѹѹѹҪӴö࣬ӿֲöֱ࣬ѹЩ
ֻǴô򵥣һʶϵѹȣǰʶǿѹȱ߻߹һ
ҹֻܿЦһ죬ȻҪģǰʶѹȱˣȴһͷʶѹԼ

ʶѹ֮£Ѿ˵ҹߣһմ壬̾Ͳ˲ԣⶫ֮ǰôƮȻճǿ嶼ܶһ
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ҹţҲķڣ˵ԪƮķӦûһЩǺܿϧֻһԶԶûдܰƵĳ̶ȡ
ɡȫɣ
ҹһ̣ѾһУֻƴذǰЩ޺˵ɵ
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һ֮һӿնҹһ


323 ׵֮
ֻһ׵ʱѰҹڵʣȫҹɵ
׵֮ǿܲٿ׵֮ͺˣҹ̧ͷںڵƲ㣬ϣƲܶ򼸸ףԼ¡
Ҳ֪뷨Щʵɻ̲סȥ롣
ﰡȱһֱʹΪصĹ֮󣬿ҲΪĲȱˣڿȱȱݣȱݸֲԺѹȣкܶܶࡣ
䡭
ⲻǾ޴ޣһ̤ҹ̤ȥ
ҹʱȴֶԷһţŸˡ
ˣһζ֪ܻܲͨʲôԺأ
ҹһɬߵͷˣСô죿˭Ϊڵĺô죿˭Ϊҵİ취
ô죿Сô죿ЩΪԼץδΣδ֪ԼҪ
ֻЩڻ㱵һɲǣҹ·𿴵ԼĸףиӢǬүүԵһߵԼǰ
Сӣ˵ҵˣ۸ˣôҵĳ𶼻ûб꣬Ҫ𣿡ԵŭĿţҵ֣
ҹȻһ𣬻һ亹
ڸոһ˲䣬Ȼȫϣֻվ
޵ʶ֮ȷǺǿ󣬺ѹȲֻҹѹҸȫʧȥ˵ֿ
ҪôҲҪöԷ㹻Ĵ
ҹϳȻܶɫȴ˲סҹȻϷȥ
޾޴ĽƣתϢһŲҹͷ
䡭
һأ̹ھӿһʱ侹ȻҲһƬطòӰ
𡭡
һ̤֮ҹѾӰȴûһʤϲãȵ˵һ㣬ҲƵĵ˿
Ƶ˿Ҳ˲٣棬ʳɹɵѪҺ
ȿȡ
֮УһضǿһһƬɫҹҹȫѪһ߿ԣһߵȴϲɫ
ͷȻǿ󣬵ƺҲûеﲻսʤĵز
ոһ֣ҹ˺ܴģֻĻֻҪԼֵܵסԷʶľ޴ѹ֮ǰһɥʧ־һսǴпΪġ
뵽ҹӵһڶȫ˸ոձµƣһ޵ͷȥ
ˢ
޿Ϊ³ʹѾûа취ٶʱ̣һŤת޴βɨ
ҹȻԼ壬κڿУṳֽ̂Ƶı£޴ӽҲֻŲ˸ƶѣͱβУߵķһɵһʯϣ
ҹıûнˮȻֻһ£ʹʯϵ
һŰҹվ
Ϊã˵޵ķܶ඼Ǿģȷ˵ʵҲǿǲžѹȣԲԵñȽѲ֣֮־ѹƻЧ׾ƻ
ոһ£˵ĳˣһôǿ
ҹȻ֣ʵ޸ԼҲģòƳȽ֮⣬ֻʣʶˡԼһһֱ⣬Ϊ˵ʽͬǡǡ߳һأҪʤȻͲˡ
Լ𣿻˵ǰԼ˴ܵ
ҹ΢΢һ֮̾ͷˡ̵Ļеս
սԵǸӢǬǱеһ׵ѰԵĵֱ任ĵȻδغܻڣÿһնڶԷ֮ϣҹʶʹãȻ°빦ˡ
ǣ޵Ķ
ҹһö޺ˣѸٵͬʱҲָԼơ
ֽ£޺ƾȻָñǰһ
ꡭ
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׵֮İҹ׾ƿ޵ۼףһƬѪȻҲ˶ѣ޿һ޴βһ˦
ҹᵶȥһֻһɲǣҹҳһȣ˵һҹһαɿȥ
һΣȻʯڶҳһӡ
ҹǻһѪӿǿŲûҲףԼϵõһ׵ֻ֮㹻һѣһ֮һλָ֮ǰ״̬
̽ٴץŵ޺ˣһţԶûжϾһ
ҹȽĵǣƴȴһûиоıԵǸоźԶԶ·ѾԶʤЩν켶۷壬Ϊʲôž
ڲȥʱֻӦǰ˵
Ѿ˻ŹˣȻһֻűˣΪ̤ƣԲôӰһٶȡ
̤ҹͻȻЩˣڶԷ˦β֮ǰ͵һǾ޴βͣҹѾƴٴһ
һʱ˻β֮£һ˲䣬ವһƽƣȻڵ޵Ľ¡
һΣȴû˷ܵȥҹŵغһæźȥ
ϧˣҹĵ죡Ӱһ֮䣬Ѿƿ̤ƣݺݴ޵Ľŵס
ѪٴοһȻҹСļһ˵еĪ衣
ʵҲˣҪƿ޵ۼףҲһ׵飬ħϿ棬Ͳܽ룬ҲζţϿ棬һ޵еĴڣܱ˵
ǰǵˣȴˣԷ˵һǡ
ŵ޵Ҳˣǵڶǹǿ˹׵磬׾ƿ̶ɴݻٵۼףһǲ޼ɵġ
޵ĸ߰Ϊ֮ĵְܷǰˣֻаȫɱħϿ֮⣬ûһţħϿȲſ˳عر»صӡ״̬
䡭
޷ҹҲû׵磬ǽŵ֮Ȼѡ˷²ص˵ϡ
Ȼһϵ˿ƺǱ˸ĸͬģҹҲûʲô˵Ļˡ
𡭡
޿ٵسҹȥһΣһҪǰɱ
ŲضȻ΢΢Щ͵ӣҹٶȣҪٴΰǾԲˡ

βƿգҹ˹ȥҲ֪βͣԲܿġһβ󣬶ԷȻĬػӽͬʱ޴ͷ­Ҳҧȥ
۾ҹܣѰŶԷһ㡣


324 Ǭ
۾ΪĵطǻޣӦһͨĶһģȫۼףֻнŵײ֮У˭Ҳ֪ǵطȻ㣬ҹҲǸոײŻһ˶Է
Ȼٸ˵ŵ׵ĻᣬҹֻŶԷ۾ȥˡ
磬һ֮󣬰ҹӰ˳ȥֱԷ۾

ۿǰѵɹȥ۾һգҹ˶ԷƤϣȻ󡭡Ȼ͵ϣûȻˡ
Բۣ
ҹҪҪôӲƤʵ̶ֳ𣿻ò˻ˣ
֪ǣ֮ĵĴڣΪ˲˻ŻģȻ֮ĶôױɱĻħϿҲԶʧˡ
Ų޲ǸһҶԷĲƺʮ־ûƻ壬ƶҲʮѸ١ΪˣٶȻӡ
ҹһҴ⣬±Է뵽ոǼػѾЩԲˡ

һ޿εƮƮ죬ֵķΧȴǸӾ޴һӰҹȥ֮ľǾ޴ľҲһúһ޴ļһ
һСҹп࣬ⶫʶЩǿű仯޶˵ʩչ֮һûС
֮ãǿǱ̬ٶȾ֪ˣ˵ûõģǸЦҶԷʶ仯̬ͿĴڣȻǿֵǱ̬
˵ģǿû߶õʲôǿĹֻβ;˳Բˣô
ǰǱҹʵ̬һΣȴˡ
Ѱҹ֣Ѿ֪ʶƴصԼʶͼܴһȱڣ֮Щһʱ֮侹ҲκεĻᡣ
ſĴ죬ѪζŻµϢҲſֲĴɢҹҸо
ԣҹһ˲侪ѣȻһαԷʶӰ죬ֲɿ־
ƣƣҹ֮ƴسţ֪ʶԷЩ󣬻ǲƴš
̤·߽һ磬ȥûУǾעֻܵˣ
ȥУҹȻɲǼᶨԼҲ֪ôŪȥûа취ͻƶԷġ
ûжԷǿʱ򣬲ܸԷȫӲƴԵ棬еһ㣬ǿƣΨһĽ֮
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賤϶Ϥ֪֪ҩҩģҹʡ
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Ȼ޷ȣؿʵΪЩԴѣ츳ĵӣŽ޺ΪͻͽȣȴһһĴڣֱǹﶼûбͨҲ֪浽Щʲô
Ŷҹ˼ת
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ɻʲôʱʼҹæʡ
˵ʱ򲻵лҵҩӵʱŻᱻ磬һжü
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Сӣʲô㣬ҲЦţȴû˿񣬷ϲԷĴǴڣԵһŵս
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˵䣬ʵĴСɶԲμӣֻһˣֻҪΪ㹻ֲʮ꣬Խ䣬͵ͨ˵ɵӣ켶֮ʱȻռϷ磬˿ԺɵλãֻǽͲͬˣΪ
㻹ĽȥţҹЩ֡
֮ǰԾûа취ȥŮȥı·Ѿ֤԰ѶԷĹƳȴǲĳԣЩˡ
Ϸ򲢷ǲƳ棬ֻǾǹƳ汻ˣҵΪҲܺܿͻָָܻܲһδ֪֮ǻָˣڣҲܳôȥĵطˡĳ̾һ¡
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ڲһʱҹ̾ͶһءֵǣԷǿʶֱӾͿ̽壬ʶҪֻҲûʲôЧΪʲôҪأ
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ҹʶ֮£Ƴû˿ķ֮һӲЩɪɪ
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ۡ
һɿʼҹӾȵ鷢ˡ
ƳȻǿս湦֮£˿ûзҹû뵽ǣƳ汻֮󣬾Ȼһ˿˿ҹڡ
ǹƳΪҹһ˲ˣΪֻǱʳˣתƵǧǧĹƳϣֻҲΪˡ
Է۷壬˻ڵĿͻеǲһɹ˵һοԳĻᡣ
ᣬһɣҪҪأ


329 Ů۷
ݵԥһ£ҹҡҡͷҪˡ
ͷȻ۶һЩܹûкҴΪŮĽ롣Ȼ͵͵ѶԷΪˣԷҲ϶ܲΪ˹ƳлԼҹͻˡ
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ҹϵŹƳ棬Ҳϵ䵽˶æòֺ
ĽԱ߹ۿţҲо˲ͬϵϢڲϵرǿ΢΢â
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׷׷ôҹʵ
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괺ôһˣı׷Ӧĳʹ͵İɣ϶ܸƽ׼Ʒ׷ᲢۣҲַȥʹ͵ӵġĽ͵
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ŶҲ˵׷һʩչҪ൱۷ǿߵһ𣿡ҹʵ
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ȲҹҲĽĳ⣬ոձǰвҲͲȥˣŷҾͲҪˣ绻ͨһЩ׷ǻԡ
׷ǻƺܴģû׷·
Ȼҹһ׷ķѵʯ𣿡


330 ҹı
쵹ǰȻЦˣƷʯҪĵʶȴͬСɣͨ˸ڵĵӣΪʶ֮ȿȡ
˵һۿҹԴһԷǿֲʶ֮ʱЩΡ
ƨԼʶ֮˼ǰ̶ˣʲôõģ
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ĽҹһЦһ
˶ȥ֮ɫָȻָһ˿Ц⣺ҼѾͷа취ܰҹ꣬꣬Ҫһֱôȥٺ٣ƾҼòվˮɵ飬ʱ֮š
϶ں˼ЩʲôҹͻȻڶߣһ
Ϊ۷壬ڴϣԼŮƣܲеϢҹ˲ڣȴ쳣Ȼʶ֮ڴö׷򡭡Ǻǡ
ôôͳˣ켱æ
ϲ򣬻ʮ򣿡ҹʡ
򡣡촹ͷɥ
ǾͰϲɡҹ
ȥҲٶѡ񣿡ߡ
԰ѡǲҹʡ
Ĭһ£
㻹˵ƨ


331 С
ڴ죬һ½֮̾ͿʼҵƷ֮С
ҹףԷǨԼԼڵʵѾ춯ˡ
ƾΪʵĻŸոջָڵʵҪѹҹҲ׵顣
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Ľĵһţ켶֣Ľ껹죬ף˿ڵصһţĲĽ꣬Ҳ죬ҹ
ֻҪҹһ仰켶˲Ϳߵøɸɾûκϧ
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ˡ
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磬ܾܲǣĽæҹ
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ڵĹƳѸٱҹһͨأϢûˣһ۾
ʦ֣˭㺦ӵģĽһԷۣʵ
ʦֳһ֮ϳĽ꣬ĿһתСʱ϶ʱ¶ַŭı顣


332 ų
ʦһۿڵͬţʧʹʦܣ
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ˣֵܵĹƳѾˣΪûа취ָ쾳֮ϣֻԼҹԴҲΪǸħŵ飬ǻҪӳ飬Ļܻҳʱһ򾡡
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켶ųڰڵ飬û˿Թԡ˵ڣȥջֻҪҹԸģҲþľغúøɡ

ʯͷܿͽ˻һ·ϲûзκε쳣
ҹüһǵľǷ
ȻĽȻ˳ĸˣ磬㲻˵ҪҼ𣿡
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˵Ҵͨ˵һ룬Լˡ
Ҫûǰһ䣬⻰һ֮󣬲֪ôģͱ
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˵ҹҪôǲ˵ֻҪ˵Ļûд˵ԣǾǾԿԣǰǸòȫԺˡ
ҶŶţ˿̶Ǽװһ߿ȴȥ׼ų˺ٵĺˣʡõʱִ̫٣Ҳʲôö͡


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ָоԽԽǿ֮Ľһ̲סгһ㲻ʰ

϶شӷﴫ˳ȥɶǹߣֻҪýһǴ·ˣõ˵졣
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Ľһˮʪ͸µҲ¶ɣͬʱϵƶȻһ䣬һӿٴһ䣬ںΪһسݶ

ҹ˿ˣľͨˣû뵽Чôãһ˾͵켶ǰԵҩ
ҩ켶ĽҲ֪Լͻˣû뵽ǣȻһӾͻƵ켶
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лл磬ûĻ治֪˵ĽĿˡ
ˣҲûа׸ƣռ㲻ٱءҹ˵
Ľһ죬ΪԷ˵ǽ
ڲ֪ʲôʱ˴ҩҲʵԭЩҩȻûգǳľ֮УԽԽ࣬ҪˣҹȴȻؽ͵Ҹովɵİ취ڵҩɹСڡ
ԭ𣿡Ľ꾪ȣһֱΪԼʲãΪʲôҸ׻ǿ߶ȴ֪Ǳҩˣ
Ϊǵʶ֮ǿ󡣡ҹûн̫࣬һ㹻ˡ
лҩȻҪ켶ĻܻҪָܾáҲ˵
ڵҩ̫ǿԲŻᱻסһ֮˳ذЩҩˣҹҲ˵Ҳ԰ЩҩڣгĿܣҿֱͻ켶Ѿһ̫ķԾֱӽĻȻˣǱҲһ𻵡
֪磬ֻҪٴҾѾܸлˣôȥƽЩҩأĽһЦžͿԼһǣһȥˡ
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⣬һ߶һľͰʪԴͬʱĽתȥ


334 װʵ
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ǣټˣ뼯ϡҹԸһ֮Լжˡ
ʱ˾Ѿۼ롣ﱾһ޲Գĵطҹ˵ļ֮أȴĸ˺ܶ࣬һƽǲġ
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Ҫ֪Щ˴ΪޣǺѿġ
ΪһŵĳԱȻӶûУǣӿɲаҹûȥ˵ЩԱôȴźΪ׵ĸų˵ˡ
Щ˽һ޳ûĵطп־ǺģĸųųĽ궼Щ˾Ȼǿ־壬Ǿֻ˵ųųûа취Ҵ㹻İȫС
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ϾֻһЩıԱֻҪʯʱһѣҲͨֵǮһˡ
Щ˰ѻ˵ҹѾ˵ˣǺ븹أΪԼʵ㣬ʵֱ޷棬Ҹһᣬ벻ӵλųһʵ
ţ㿴ңҿ㣬ΪԼˡ
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ע⣬ǵı̫󣬱˵ͬ顣ҹ˵
˶һЦҪ˵ˣǲŽйء


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ԭ׼Ȼٵ٣ôô򵥵أ¶ˡ
Ǻǣúܶԣ㶼ѵĻʦþеְˡҹ΢΢Цţô취ˡ
һҹ϶Ѿ˼ƽϣڿԼء
΢΢˼һ£̾˵֮԰սȴңȳͷҶԹ֮սȻղܣʱǿԸѡһǸŶںԼͿԼѧϰս󣬵õٵָ㣬ڶ־ͨһԱӴ˾ͲѧϰֺϻսֻҪģ϶ѧϰ
ţ˵òҹͷ϶һ£ּ䣬ǲѧϰֱǹϽûģֻӵˣһûҪΪ˷һ
ٵ˼ǣһŵˣȫɾӢҲֱִʸˡ
ڻֻһ˵ŶӣѾĽ֮󣬲űȶչھӢԱĿģѡţЩͨĳԱûս
û뵽ҹҪﵽĿģȻǰѵһŽһȫǾӢԱĳţʵǿˣĿǰûһġ
ҪȫǾӢȫҪܸͬˣҹĿ⾼ֻ㹻־ӢǵһţԸɿ⡣


336 Ե
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ҹ˵ѱŸǸӵĻ»Ǹɿ⣬ʱգ¶ܰɸѹˣһųɳţҲʲôܵ顣
ǴǰҲ뷨ۿֱ̬սһӰеĸ߸ˡ
µսﶼûУҹȴóҹ׻жٵĵ̣¾ҲǶְɣ
һʱЩ㱣ǰļˣһӾͱ˼ǧ򣬱һ֮Ҫǿö࣬һ²ҹ֣ɲ֮䣬֮ܰһûҷ
龰̫ˬˣ
ˣȥ°ɡҹ
Ŷ٣Լߵʱе
һӦ̾ͰҹԸȥˣһǰٷְٵ˶ѡҪһŹͬˡ
˵Ҳǣս󣬻һĪ٣ڴϵŮųһڼĽ켶ǿֺñţŵҲţԺֻԽԽǿôܷأ
λŴҶǴˣһһŶ³Լ֮պǵһŵľӢԱ϶õֲʧʱصһѻ𣬡ڿģֻһ򵥵սѣԺ󻹻᲻иӾĶǾҪλıˡ
Ⱥٶɧһŵ˶ò֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡոս󣬲Ÿո£Ѿˣ⻹򵥵ġ
ҪǱ˵ǿ϶ţⴿǺءۼҹܵվɲǲˡ
һҲã˵ûŵԵף˵ûʲôǻĿĵģҲԲšͺЩ˶ԼŹģЩŵҲ֪һЩ
ǰǶСţҲûⷽĹǣڲͬˣټıŽòСĽ
⻰һ˵Ⱥ̾Ͱ㿴ңҿ㣬Ҫ˭Եף˭Ǹ赲Һµ˵һ
ȻٷˣҲԸⶨԼսȫڸң˭Ŀǳһս󣬾ԵãԺ˱һԼ壬ֻԼʧΪˣԶҲ֪ǵһԺжǿ󡣡˵
ܶ⻰һʯͷأԼԵףһеѧС
ﱾйģ⻰ҲûʲôӪѧѧˣ˵ʲôԺжǿ󣬴ԼһֱԵ׾ˣֻҪһЩ˭ҧң
Ҫûǣ滹лвʶôˣҲһʱֲ㣬ǲҪٵı£ǿģʲô˵ȫ֪˼ҪǵһĺɫһתӣϵҲǷģֻҪأҲ˭֣˭ս󣬻Ǳκεս֮Ϣй©ȥһ壡
ϺֻڶˣǹһЦԱ߽ӿڵ
治˼ֻˡط缸ҲԱ߽ӿڵ
ҵθ죡ĳйˣСĸζһӾͣҪţܴ
һһģ˵Ǿ壬ʮҲôݲ˰
һŵֵǣǴǼ飿ҲѧҹӣԶʿ
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ĳԵһ£ûϡ
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˶ǹһЦҲ˵ҲǹҲ֪˭ôɵǹĲ
ԶԶԣԵҲţĹӣ
ԼȶСĸζҲĥԼĻôȫ԰ôôôıԼúøţɶԵף
ǲٵˣԵ׵ıţΪղ鱨͹Լ¶ɣ
ܺãϲģ첻µزƣһŵĳԱҪڣȻҹʵ
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Եһ£ԼȽϺãϧ˰
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Ե׸ж棬̫ˣʲôԷ˵ʲô
ǣĽͻȻ֮һתۣòԵ׵ˣﶼһ£ǱʲôƵģǱҷ֣˽԰ǵһŵսҲãϢҲãκηʽй¶ˣĽҲ˵ģոմ˵һٱ黹һ飬ҿãֻҪһұ֤˾Բк³
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ĸԵףǾһٱ飡ҲźһЦ
ΪʲôҪá١Щһ£ȿȣˣôŰɣֻһأ
ĽҹһۣԷͷһҲó飬Ҳ֪Ϊų¶ҹĻҹûʲô˼ҲȻġ
һҹˣǵһ̾ž޴սҹվҪһųӡ
Ȼѣ֪ҹȫΪãҲΪ˵һźá
磬Ľ꿴˵ʿԵ׵ⶼѾˣְҹǵ˽еһȥǽҪôأ
ҿٰս󶼴ڵòˣǿȥıţһ£һɣȻŵһѸٵشЩ浶ǹƴɱЩ˵ʵͲܿٵǶԵһŵĸҲ̫ι̡


337 
Ϻ˵öԣЩֻһƴɱöˣŻԼֵܣʱ򣬾ûţûս󣬵һŵĴҲıźãҲˣͷǽž˵Լ˼ھͽͻҿǲҪˣǱŴĳڣʺϸ̫ĳͻ
̫С˰ɣս󣬻켶ڣӵһǾǸҲһƴû£ŰǼֱ͸һЩΪȻ
ǵȷǻռսĹ⣬Ǳſɲһֱֻڽ氡ڸеκһ³ԹպǾ޴鷳ȴǽؽ͵ںò׽ʿıеκһһΣܾܿǻԵĴʱѵٸɶŸɣ
ǼҲüͷҹжǲ֪Ҫ˵ҹһˣȥԿǻǿһⴿǸԼأô첻㰡
ţ˵ҲԣǾӦȴȽһһű˶ڽƴǾͰЩ޶ɨһ飬ǺǣҲδؾͱʲôطҲ͵磬˼أĽĿ䵽ҹϣĹǣȻ
˵öҹȿ϶һ£һµʱ˾ʹһ𣬺ɨ޳û򣬲磬Ҳı棬ҪԶǣҪ̽ǱʵˣɱһºһԴǣһ֮УȺݺҸŰһ˵
ǵ۾һԭΪҹҲǲͬͻģԼҲͬ˵ȷǲ̫ˡû뵽ҹӷ񣬲ȥޣȥŰɡ
ⱲӣܰеһݺŰһΣҲֵˣ
٣ҲһǴֱʰͬҲǴա
ôûģҹʵ
ǣæҡͷҪѵһ޶ŵ˰ɣ
˼ͨ͸Ȼǵҹ޶֮䣬ŲСĹڣĽ궼ܹ޶ŵ
ߣ޶𣿡ҹ۾һ⣬ڽȽѵһ£ɲǽѵ˵ģҵҪ޶ŵϼһ
˶ǻһݣǶɱˣ޶ţϼһﶼรɣ

ʮȥˣĳ޼֮ɽʱ޴ĺ֮ɽһ̶ܰ
ųץļһ̽ǵһŵ鱨˴˼øһ˹
⼸ҲƣǲǲŸո¶˸ͷʲôûпأͱ˸ץ˸š
һ붯֣һΧʮˣһ񣬸ȺһСùԹһΪ׵Ǹæ˸סҪ֣ҲǸˣҪٶֵĻɾͲ֪ûĸ첲ȱˡ
ʲôˣĸŵģĽһʹɫƵʵ
ĽҲһЩŵóȥĶȫԹض˺棬ųʲô¶Ϊģǻʲôųˣӣ˾ԽԽųķˡ
һŵˣҽˣΪ׵һ˵ǿûд̽ʲôֻҪɱ޶ѣû뵽һѾǵ˸Χˡ
ΧõÿǺܿΪ˼Ӱ˸Χġ
ǺǡĽֻЦһȴǲ˵ֻŶԷɫԽԽʵҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôѡ
˼˿һֱ˵Ľ꣬ϻƵЦݣеһУѾָһһɫѿˡ
ɱޣҲЦˣûпĻ棬ҲһǵؼɣĽ޵ĳû֮أӣ
ǵȻУĽΣֵҲҪƴһѣֻû뵽ôˡӲ˵
ܺãǺð죬ǰǱץһͷĽ׳滢ͷųһܰ滢ɱˣҲΪǣĽ׵ĳ滢ȫƾǴߣΣ۾ŶԷ˵
ˡ
һ¿ˮˮж˼һ׽Ľ޵ĽСȻǶԼҪĽ޵Ŀ־ˡ
ҵ̰۷ޣǼ˶֪ܻܲˣҪһĽףǸոսĽ׵ޣǶֻķݶ
Ǳ˰ɣһһųˣǲǡǾͰ׽𣿡˵
Ƕ£ʲôЦˣôôĸ󣬻ֵһ󣿡
λǰҳϣոյȷ˺֮ģ֪ôôĶԾʲôҲûпǰɣұ֤ҲһΣ̾ͷһҲͨ¹ʣ֪ʱһζķ϶УԻټһ䣬ҴҶбŵˣǰҲһţΪС¶ʲôͻɣ
һţʱһ˹ż̾˵
һһ㣬ȫûʶԷ˵仰ʱ۾ĲмһţȻ֮ǿģǰ֮Уȴȵġ
Ƿ˰ɡҹ˵
һ֣Ա̾߹Ѽ˵⿪ˡ
лλӣһڴǱŵĺε͵ǲʶˡ˲ʶҹΪʱҹѾû޳ߣֻԴһ¡
˵Ҫżߣȴ˸סˡһ⣬ҹȥ
ҿû˵ôˣɣҲ˵ǲʶǾʹһ߰ɣ滢е۸ǣ͸ǵ˴һǴӮˡҹ˵
ǵˣŤͷһٺ˶ѾΧ˹ʱһ
еôֱ˵ǰһٴ߲͵ˣ
λӣʵǡҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣǸоҹ
ѵ㻹ͷ滢򣿡ҹʡ
æͷҡ糵һҪ֣ܴзϾˣǳ滢ˣɾԲֵĴ㡣滢ûݣԶ׶ûС
滢ЩΪˣǾͳˣҲһؼôҹʵ
˵ģһǰȫϣʱ͸˴һ
Ȼģҹкһ飬һؼ
¾վ飬ǸҹӢǲȭ˭սġ
˿ûðϣЩʵ̫ˣԼһΪһǵĿ⣬ϻһƵġ
֪ҹ˵һؼĻʱ˶Ѿ︹̣̫ˣ
Щһֱѵļһ˵ǿɱȳ滢׶ˡ
滢ɱ㣬䵽Щǿ϶ˣ


338 ùĽҷ

ﰡҲˣ
֮һҽУǼųһŵˡ
˴ʱһѱһᣬܵҹǰ٣٣ǰɣҲˡְֵͣɡ
ҹΪһУ̾תͷĽȥų˲С˹¶òԣǸһΰɣ
˵žҪǰĽȣһ߷ڵء
ģ̽鱨ռųıˣųıռֻռġǸ˵һɱһһţȴҲֻ֪Ц̺ٺһЦ˵ء
⼸˸Ͽ촦ˣķĽû˵
ҶҹһԣΪѾֹϵֻҹԣʵһû߽ÿһ죬ãҹͿҪ뿪ˡ
ȻѾָΪ֮ҹˣһҲӦάȥߴþˣͻ᲻֪᲻ָоʧ
һζõ̫ˣоԼ˶Ҫʬһ
ʵһӱʬ壬ڱҪõö࣬ѾˣôѡôûԵļһѡͷ滢أ
Լ߸ԷһʵǴӿ֮󣬾ûռһˣԷǸؼÿӳһ켶һֻ֮ǾѾȫſˡ
ʣµʱ˼ҶѾôˣһһƣһǸһƣûиһĻᡣ
ҶԷǺעִ磬üζлǶǲ֣èһǶš
˴ӳϣʧٵ׾ؿԼһְԷϷĵزȴһ취ûС
ڻҪɱĽ𣿡ҹʱʵ
ɱˣһӶɱˡԼʵɱƨ
ȥɣųҪǵһţֱӾǣҹ˵ļ򣬡ǧɱΪ˵ģҪ֪̽鱨кܶ࣬ǻǵһŻȥģǱ´󣬶ҾãǵһѾʱȥһˣЩʶȤһȻĻǳȥʱ򣬿ɾͲһô򵥡
ɫˣ֮ĳԱڱɱ޵ʱ򿿽ɱ鲻٣ҹֱв˵Ҫ˶Էһŵģټ
ϾһҲʲôӣ֮ǰ˵ǰ壬Ҳ˵ġ
һŵֵز˵ױģսΪһսʧ޷ģֻ˭Ҳòˣõմ˹⡣
ҹôţ͸˵ֱ㡣仰ȻһͻأһǺϸñԷһ
˵ĻûУǿ˻﷢ǰһƹȥ
ˣһһתҹĽ˵⻹һϢҪٺų˵ԵףǸСӣҲһŵġ
˳ָķ򣬴ҶһȥӲˣ˾ȻҲǸոճֵ֮һ
ǸһȻûһż¼ȴһŵˣҸҡͻȻоڵЩԾŤͷŷִҶǿˣһ
˵òҴǰһŵˣҲһԵ׵ģǴѾų̹׹Դ֮󣬴ûԲһŵ飬ǵһŵˣǵһŵĹҲվ˺˼
ģ
үǶ
Եǵһƨ
ŴҶ˵Ե׵¶һʱЩˣʱ򲻸ǴһŭݺɱҲҪһ°ɣôͳˡġүǶЩ˵׻ûˣԼǸǰһںˡ
ԭǺǣѾŭڸղ˿֣ʱ䶼ϢȥŻݺһ£û뵽ЩŪɳ׾ˣǾͺãӦǡͦõһ
˵ǧлأҪ߿ˡ
㻹𣿡ҹޱ˵ˡ
һӾͱ仰ˡ
ɲǼ䣬˵һ䡰л١Ѿ˫ȭˡ
ȻˣϾһؼֻ֣ǸѣۿԷǰвֵĵҲǰ汳ء
Ƶ¶Էȭͷ֮һȭѾݺŶԷҪѨȥֻһӾҪ˶Է
ߣСӣոյʱȺսǵӻɲһļһ
ţһӰӣһֻʮĴߴؿϣ¾Ͱߵ浹ȥѪͺȪˮһֵ˳
ȵȪˮͣµʱſոոһǸؼվڶԷߣһߵġ
ɵ棬ֵܣΪǻ𣿡λؼɵһ
ǲðһҹ˵ǰԼģð
ߵҹҪԷһ˵һ
ҹȻˣܺã뿴ģڵӣÿһͬ飬ԼֵܣֻǵС飬ǵһŵÿһ˶ֵܡ
ãøӣﰵţûнڣôˣôԶţ㾹Ȼ䣿ǶһȺ국
ҲˣǶиһʵǵҲһһô߾ôߣǲҪ㣬ֻǸոտʼѣֻһϰôǾͿһʮһ飬ǿһ£һ죬һſԼͬʱһеĻǱ˵켶¸ǿ˶ܲסǵһɣҹȫûй˼ķӦֻڸͼ
һŵһӾȼˣڲֻ϶ѣʮˣǰأҲ϶סǵһ
ƾΪܰܵĻʵˬᰡ
٣⼸ô죿ʱְǼ
ѾʲôϣˣոһţǲҲûа취ָǰĳ̶ȣⱲҲˡ
ӳȥɡҹǲ׷ˣǱŵһͱųȥˡ
ᣬţֻҪܳȥһõһźùһųСӣȥһҪýҪ⹷ƨĵһŸɨƽˡ
٣ҿСӲʵȥĻ鷳ѵ
Ǻǣ鷳ɣǰǱŲ鷳ھ鷳Ҳ֡ҹЦ
ԭˣ˶ǻȻģ֪òˡ


339 
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ڵ֮УĽǸһ֮⣬ӵ켶ʵıţһֻֻһţ֧֮еһе켶֣Ȼų
ôŪӣһۿСӱ̧˽ʱðɡ
Ҳһ۸ˣ˻Сӣɲǳ˦⡣
˭˦Ķ⣬ҪѶԷָһԭ
켶ֵıʵһȷзֳ£һȴݵһΪųһˣ˵һ˻û˸һŵģļ֧켶ֵıţҲ
ǵһŵˣǸٵģԵҲѾˣСӣǻ¶ˣ˲뱩¶Լܣ԰еζƵϡ
Ǹҳ綼ɱڵһšɫˣǶ̽Щʲô
һ֪˿챻ˣްǵһŲŻ˷Żǻ׾ưոݵ
Ȼˣ͵ҪʮٱػȻǾͲˡ
ǿһһս󣬡仰ʵҲǼٵģսûǰʱſģ֮ǰûпӰӣѾ˰ˣұһһսʵ㱨һ£СӳңǾͱΧסˣǸٵСǶѡǸĽ׳滢һǸǵ˴һüʮһΧŷǣҸһŶˣģʼҶûнһۡ
ûۣһֱš
Ҳ֪ԼСӵУԺ˵ЩӲһûȥҪǸսʲôر֮ûУ˴ˡ
ܵܡһææؾͳһ欵Ůˡ
㡭һǽһжҪˡ
˭ӵģŮ˿֮æʵһתͷҲ˭һҪɱǸˣҵܱ𣡡
æʾŮȱң˵һŵսǵ׳˶˴ǣǲǿսŴӮģ
жҲкܶ࡭˵Ȼмˣֻʵڲ˼˵
˵ԼҲǱһؼɹһΪôһŻ찡
ǼˣѾԸ˭ʣҶ˵кܶࡣ¶˵ȥҶˣҲôԥ;ˡ
սʲôģҿǾǺŪأô˴ĶҪʲôսҿһžǲҸͻŻܵƫƧĵطȥ˲м˵
ҹ͵һ˵̫Ȼ˵һɵͲˣϾǰû켶ֵıŰ
¸ͻ԰ͷͻҲЩСǰ׳ˡ
¸һͻĻõİ취ǰ˸ɱˣٰʬһ˭Ҳûа취֤ǵһģ֪˭Ҳ֤ݣûȥҶԷ
أ˦һƣ֪ԼƢˣ벻Լȥ
ɶԷôǾǸͲ¡
ʲô˼ҵܵܣ͸ܵһҪɱҵܱܾܵܵͱϿŮһϹûȥұ˵鷳ܵܵĻ̾ͷˡ
ͨ˵һͷëߣæְŮ˵
Ƿģʲôʱ򿴹һ
ɣŮ˼ӵĲ˸̨
ȿȡεؿô˵Ĳǻ¶ϡ
ڵһ켶˵ĽǸͻҲ켶¶ЩΣ˵ǸڳϵŮóȻͻĻ϶ʲôý˵š
˰ɣҿǾǳʲôҩΪȥģȻˣǸʵʵ켶϶Զأ˹ĶţҪŪǵĻҲһһų֣⼸켶ıŶϣɣһЩˣ͵ųԿͷɡ
һ⻰˵õЩףϾ켶ֵĵһţô˵һҲû뷨ġ
¾͵˵ͷʼϵĸţͬʱҲٴ˴̽һŵĶ

һŽĥ˼֮ٴϢؿˡ
ǰؿҪһ꣬һֻʮ겻˵ҿĽ֮࣬Ŀ࣬˭Ҳûȥ׷Ϊʲôؿĺ°
һЩƽҲŵޣڽﶼˣҽЩ߽׵ޣֱȫǱͷʱԵƷĲϣƤ⼫ܿҩؼ޺ˣǾ͸˵ˣʯƽͬ޺˸һЩ
ҪǣЩܶ඼ģοʱһȥ֮ҿɾͲˣǰõһŻлᣬҲҪʮŻ¿ԺܶණԽԽֵǮġ
磬ȥĸأĽʵ
οأֱա¡ǣȫɭֻ֡ԴСۣ󣬶С
һɶѡȽϴģΪɭǵĻò˼죬Ѿû޿ɱˡ
ҹħϿ˼죬޸ɨòأοɸȫǿǸӴ
٣ھҪɿ𣿡ЩǣϾһû̫ۺĸ
̫СˣôֻҪǲͻǻôţҪͻҲռʲôˡɤż˵
ȷһҹĻʱȻ˵ЩˣúɶСһǰǴϢ˵һڸĸ켶ֵıŽӴݺݸһѵܲ˼Ұ׼һΣȥ͸Ϣң׼úдһš
֣һҲ۷
Ȼֲɣһ뵽ҪǰıŸһˣҲһĵĺ°
ҲŵʵȻǿǱϾǳ˽صʵ֮⣬ûиĺ̨ˣһһڵʵ˵ʤԷġ
Ȼеκһ֮ϣŴսĿɲ
ƾսȸԷһ֮󣬻Ͳжٲ˻ǰˡ
˵ѵһµֻҪϵؼԸĽ޶Ǵ´࣬οΣųģҲһսҹ̫ǿҪⶼˣǶֱԷϵˡ


340 źı
һŲǵһɭֵģ෴ǽȥļһ
ȥ֮󣬾Ϳţ񹤱ɨһСĽǰŲš
Щ˶֣ϴħϿȿʮأŶûյϢ޶Ÿҹ߶֮ǲ֪ġҺ󷲽ȥ̽·ıţ˲أԷǴЩıŶûȶֳҹɱħϿ֮飬Щž͸Ҷˡ
ȻǸһĺˣֻҪĻ·ͲøԷʲôͻϾҴҵģȲǸҹѣһԼҪٱԷɱˣǿɾЩòʧˡ
ںҹ˲ˣŲ²УӦǱ޶ŸˣȻҲд˵޶쾳ǿΧסûа취ӽ֮ĵ޵޸ɱˡ
ô˵ǸˣЩŵĻ·ˡ
Ҷ֪ɲȱĵط޳ȺһСģֳЩСŵķ棬ҴһʧͻӲء
Щһʱ򣬵һŴ󲽾ͳˣȻĽ꿴ҲСһӣһ峤ֱ룬̾˦˼Զ
еıţŶ۵Сۣҳ˵϶ûʲôӦ
һŵĺЩ˼ֱǵСϾͲһء
ǲǵһŵǶôĸŵһۣλôˣǲǰɣ
Ǻǣ˵ﻰǸһҲԩ޳ģΪʲôһҪǹȥأ˳ŵᵭȻЦһ¡
⻰һ˵ųҲ΢Цŵͷһôܲȥ̽鱨һŵͻȻǺҪԸһţ¶Σһ֮²֪ԭСӣһĽͷһٵļһ˸ˡ
¶ҲһЦ˭˭Կ˵ûʲô˵ģǾǿ־ˣôҵǹʹ˭ֲɵӡ
ǺǣֵĻ˵ÿɲҪ̫һ켶ôչȥĻкӹͲµ˻ûоͲˣȻǸٵļһҵˣҲǾûɹȥ̽ǵ˻ȥ𣿡
⻰һ˵ĸ΢΢һɫǣȥ̽һŵˣûһģĪʧˣѵǱɱˣ
һϲıµˣЩ˵̽ӣûһŻȥģЩ˵ҲˣӦҲ֪һŵҰˣǺųƵһôչȥĻҲݵڰɣԶò˵˵ǰǵļҲ֪ҪռưǾǲ׼ĻһᵥϵһţԿ
޵ᣬڽص棬ڽص涼һģ֮ΪһͷޣģǶ֪жˣ˭ⶫıǮء
ţһ켶ĽǸŮ˲㣬Ҳż켶һ࣬˭ײǣûкùӳԡ
ĻҪô죿üʵ
ϵһ𣬰ѵһŸˣڵһµĶƽ֣ôЦ
ѵһŸƽˣȷһ˵
˵ģ͹ǵһ켶֣Ǿ˵Էž޴ĲƸЩ䵽Լϣǿ϶һʴ롣
ҶˣͲôĨˣһôյĻͲ˰ɣŵĽЦĽ껹ŮԸڻ᲻֣
˵ĶԣԷ켶һ̨ҪǶֵĻȷǺܶ಻㣬֪ô˵һ׼˴𰸣ǸλûУΪ˵ԭǲűһŸĻ̨ĵһţһô׳Լѵλ²
ĸ켶ɫǳһ£һֱû˵ų޶ڵԷĴ㣬żһ켶ûжԷ࣬Ҫ˵һ˵ôףҸո˵⣬˵㲻ڣ
λˣҪԸǵһţĽֻ꣬ҪλĵĻǻ취ġ˵ʮޣţԷ⼸Ϻ꣬һ˼
ԸţǲԸĽ꣬߸Ļ
˶˼·ڽ棬ʮֻӣͻ⣬ֻҪǲĽǰ¶ʲôԷûа취Լ鷳ôؼץʱ䣬κһɱʱ
һŲŲˣЩҲһֱһ̫棬Եһֿˣ˰ǵΧһɱһ鼸˵Ļȫûѹġ
ڶԷǼ켶ԷҲ䵥ĻǾͺ˵ˣǲ䵥ҲЩᣬ켶Ȧס
λôˣһԿţȴǰЦ֪⼸˲ܲĶϾһžһ޴вȫǴǰƽˡ
ǺǣһǾ仰һŸ˳ԩ޳ǲ׸Էͻģһеȿ˵ɡ᲻ɫ˵
һ˵Ҳ˵ǣﰵЩϺꡣ
Ҳ֪ЩֻǻûпᣬԶѻˣʡñĳЩץ˰ѱֻҪȥһְѵһĨɱĻ֣ǿ϶Լö졣
׼أЦǺǵʵ
⼸˶ȥô˵
ڵܺãеһŰǿ·ҿҿʵ߿һЩˣʡÿǱɱǱӣ˵ǺŵģôóȻͳȥʲô⣬ǵ˱޸ɱ߰˰ˣǿɾ˭Ҳֲˡ
ϺҲЦЦǵĴ㶼ǲģԸһû⣬ҲҪԸģҪʲôᡣ
ҪĽץʲôѱڶˣǲһŵĩء
׵ˣŵ˶ƽȥŵһ߹ĺۼҪȥǰ涼ʲôա
һ֮󣬴ҶǺ֣ôһŵӰӣѵһȥͱ޸Թˣ
ͨˣҲüʬװɣ˵ô켶֣ҲһӰŰ
ֿͿˣֻѰŵһ߹ĺۼһ·ȥ
ɭȻСһأҲСôҶһŻǸԷֿȻһޣǾͲǸһŻƴ֮ȴˡ
ųǰ淢һͷĽޣͻȻ˷ܵ
ƽҪĽޣЩ˶öţزһųڣôˣ϶ɱˡ
ߣҲʱѵһŵ£ܲܰ¶ˡ


341 ˮ
ǰ̽һ棬̾ʹŲָ֣һŷͷĽ޵ķǰȥˡ
˵ص֮ȴӰӶûС
ĽĶɫʵ
⡭ովѵǱ˸ɱˣǸҲ֧֧ᣬ˵Ȼ
һư˸ˣĽɱ𣿾켶֣ҲܼӾͰĽ޸ɵôѱ飬Ϊǰ׳
𡭡
ͻȻڲԶһУƣĽ׵ӡ
šųĽףĽްί˵
ϣҲһϲ˾ͷɱȥˡ
ʮ˺һԾԣ켶ų٣һƣ޴жʱĽնһѪȻѪо˾޴ĳɾ͸С
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һҲ˵̽һʵһĽ޵̫̬̾ͷһŹ
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ͻȻоʲôԣŤͷʱԼ˶˻һˡ
ĲЩӲ֨֨תȥ֮󣬶ʱͷ˵һļһڷɿĸ˹
ϸȥ
ùôһ˴أ˵Ĳ𣿻ΪһͷĽ׾ѾǶأոջ̾Լãû뵽Ǻùͷˡ
ͷĽޣҲһҲƵˡ
Ҳ켶һ켶ٲӾֻܵŻˡ
ͷĽޣڿ֮ôưոݣһ·׷˹ȥ
һҪôܻȥĻԼЩŵ˶ñͷ޸ˡ
ȻһҪǵһͺˣǱм䣬ȹֲԼܰѶԷˣܰԼ鷳ֱһð
ϧҲ֪ڵһŵ˶
һŲ֪ı֪
һᣬѲƶͷ޾ͳڵĴ·λȥˡ
ȻԼҵֵܶյʱ򣬰һԼˣҲֲЩˣôĽޣҪٲܣǾɵˡ
ҾԹԣҲܰЩ˶޸˰ǿɶһŵľӢԺҪȺ˸Լɽء
һ·ܣʵǰٶȶӵ˼£εĽٶϣȻû̫ƣֻһӵʱ䣬Ȼб˦ˡ
Ҳһپ޴ȥҲᱻͷ޸ԵˣЩһٶȻ治̫졣
ܲŽ³ĻǾԷЩͻϾӦһ𣬶Ըһŵʱ򣬶ʲôӵʱ
ҪټӿһٶȣܰЩ޸µʱǰһǺܶڴսһ
һĹ򣬺޾ȻֽӽһЩûа취һģ޾ͳȥˡ
ǵһżĵطٺ٣͸һݴš
ʵĸţ޸ȥǶԼ˵ˡ
𡭡
޴һƺҲǰڶͷ˵ͷڶ˳ޣԱܵٶһء
Ҳݺĸ֣˸˼֮󣬾Ͱ޴ȺԼٶȣתȦˡ
ͷն˵׷ţͷһȴʧȥķζ֮һ𶼳Ⱥ֮С
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Ⱥ޵ȷ̫£ֻʣһͷˣǾЩɰˡ
뷨ûгӣѾ޳ýк죬˶ĴܿǾֵӣʵԼı¡
Щ޶Ⱥһûб¶Լŵ˺˵ԼҲ԰¶һƣһҧЩǵһģʱĽϣ˻
һпǻˮͲſ֮⼸ŻԼһһš

Ľޣ
Ľ׵޲ǸųΪʲô
ЦΪʲôΪųһͷְͷ
ףΪʲôоո˵Ϥ
ٶһЩɢ˵ӰȻвŶӰӡ
һ֮̾ǿ˾һ㣺ųǰĽޣ
Բۣոյ˷һӱ˴ͷߣ˽ţ˱
ǵȷˣıôܵΪʲô
ϴ󾢣˴һȦִԼոջģȻԼˣ
ؿţԽԽǱ۸ӣͻȻһ۰ͰŶԷԼΣѡ
ųˣųˣ
ų
˶š
ͷϼ˺ȥʵȥҲȲˣԼҲ
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Щ޵ˣܿͷûǰѸٳԽԽԶķȥ
˵ȻԼˣ
Щ۸ĺӣòһǣԷȴǶһDNA鱨棬Сӣ㲻ģӲŲǵء
һʱһŵ˶ŭˣȻǲǾӢţҲΪһŵķչԼ
Ϊʲôһõʯ࣬ȴɣΪһ켶ųָŶԷΣյʱ򣬻ܸһĻ
һƨ켶Ľ޾͸ŵˣıԼϹ۾ˡ
˵ķŭȴҲûа취ֹĽŲһܼᶨˣȻѡ񣬾Ͳˮ
ЩǲӢԱͨıԱȵ˻ȥ֮ͿġȻһЩ˵ʵǴ˶ѣûбҪҪôߡ
䡭
Ҳ֪ôģͻȻһҵĺ˶
ҲЩƣѵ漣
ͷʱ򣬾ͼĸ켶֣һ˶ԸһͷĽޣԷսòֺ
ĸ켶֣ȻЩǡһŵ켶
ϳˣǵһĸ켶Ľһ켶ҲڳͷĽ޶ˡ
Ľ꣬Ȼһ֡Ȼ֪ԷôģȴҲµһЩԼıųԱһйϵ
֪֪¶û֤˵Ҳ˵˼ս˵ڳģǾȵĿɶһŵ˰
ʧģӳ綼³ģ
֪ͷ޺ƲµЩˣ¶ûʲôϵˣ˲뵽һ⣬Щ켶ǸСӣӦǸЩԱһ䵥ˣ


342 ҵ
𡭡
ˣޣҲҵ˻ᣬ˰˵ڵأצһϣҪѶԷ
ۡ
Ӵдͷ޵צɳŵôʧɫһԼǰУֻһ£Ȼˣֱͷȥ
֮£һ޵צȥһնյضһ
һʧ֮ҲΪֻҪߣҵԼľӢԱ˵
ʮֺڣʱ͸øľӢԱߣĻƾӢԱҲˡ
䡭
ƴٴ˦޵ʱһαˣͷʱͼһֱԼ׷ޣ˿һ켶־⻹һŮԱ߿ţʱ׼֧Ԯ
Ů˵ȻĽ꣬ûгֵģǿ߻һͷ챻˦ޣȻͺؽӹˡ
ĽҲҪ𣿡ĽЩǱֲ˼˵һŻֻ⣬Сް
һʱ˵ԶĸˣѾವضԾǱߵͷ޶ˡ
ǣһŵͨԱҲ˹һΧںǵ˵ߣȥԷĻƵġ
λĸŵľȥɣҲ·ֻǾ֮ͣùϡĽ꿴ЩŹЦ
ųǶûбŵˣ֪һŻղˣԸųһšվżʵ
ûбţĽ˵ʱ򣬻⳯һۡ
ˣ˵ʲôЩȻıԱǸղŵһս֮˭ų
ųǵԺֻų˶Ǳһ֮󣬷߷ߵ˵
ðɣ˭Ҫһŵģʱһ£Ҳұ֤˶ܼ룬Ľһ˵ڵһ˵ǵʣΣǹؼҪܸͬѣҿԱ֤κʱ򶼲Ƕ͵ǣõ𣿡
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ϣһҲˣǼæǸߵˡ
ųǸ˵ˣۼ⿴ˣĽ㱨
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ǺܺöԸĻ켶֣ǻĶ֣ȻǼ˵սҲɱĽЦһ£ǲҪЧ
֪ҪôԸҲš
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С
һȺһ켶켶˵ʵ̫ˣͬģ˵ǿԼϵһ𣬾ȻԺɱһ켶ʱǿɴݻٵġ
ȻǾӣҲ֪һ֧鳣ʤܵĻֳֵҵƣڶԶʤԼ֮ϣҲԲ˿ҡ
٣ȻҪһ֧޵бţ

ȻҵԼľӢԱţЩ˿ɶŰȻڿͷĽʱЩҲŤͷܣҲֻܴպŵԼˡ
ųղšΪ׵ȻЩΣϾų¾飬˵Ķʲôٵ¼
˵ˣʱԴҲʲôǶ˶ѣ仰ģ̾յ˰ĵãڴҸߣѾ֪һŵ˶ĶֻǸСӣЩ򣬴󲿷ֶıԱһ켶ûУǵĺûᡣ
һ˷ٵسŶˣ֮ɵǣûȻ˳졢죬졢ĸˡ
λοǺûᣬֻĽ꼸ȫڣֻЩСǣôô𣬶˲ٵĽޣˣҲ˻ɵǵͷһιĶš
һΣĸųˣϾǵһŵȷǰһ̣εģ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱԼ
ϢȷУСĵʵ
λſԸǵĺ棬һΪλ̽·һ˵Ļλɲֵ֣ڻҵ飬ǲɵġ
Ȼ˶ǵͷ
ŶԼľӢԱǰȥϾʱɲʲôʱеģҪϹȥ
ԼûȻİĸŶӵһעҪˡ
ҲĽǸŮ˲£켶ֶߣҪֵĻҲ˼ɣڵĻһ켶ûУɱپɱ٣ߣǻʲôµģ
ԭΪһŻû뵽ǵʱ򣬾Ϳһź۵ͨˣѵһŷֳ󡣵Ƿŵֺ֣˲򣬶һӣҲ֪ԷŪʲô顣
ĽȻ֪Ľ겻ǿһ䡣
ʲô¸˵Ҳһҹ̧̧۾Ƴ˶Էһ۵
Ǻǣֻ֮ᱻɵĸų϶ϲɫҲŷ
ǲ˵ҹЦ
𣿡ĿżλųһһɨǾҪˣ

仰вǵһŵǼЦ
٣ո˵Ǹɱǵɵɣ˴ʵ
˵Ŀ϶
þͺɵ棡
λֵĻûлˣҲûʱԷսҪĽϻ֮ǰҪģȻڶϾ鷳ˡ
ŵľӢԼųʾ£ǰվһ
ಡ
ŵ˵ҪͷģԵȾͷ˼ʮؼ֣Ҫ⼸ʮ˰ѶԷθҡ
ؼϢӳ֡ҹǱ˵
ˡ
һȺӿȥ


343 ôд
һŵļʮؼ֣ȻĽ޵ʱŤͷܣȴӢǷ
ǰЩˣȻĽܱȵģȻֻмʮˣҪһ⼸Ѷȣǽһȱȴûʲôġ
ʮ˴ҵƣವļϴһҲǰǸȥ
⼸ʮ˵ĳĸҲ׼һһ⼸ʮ˳Ч֮ҲϣһٰѵһŵЩ˸⡣
ȵȣ˳ŵͻȻֹ̧Լǰ塣
̧˲䣬Ϳոʮ˳ķϷͻȻӿӴУ඼ǽˮһǷĳ˵
𡭡
ͬһʱ˳һƳյնЩúԶб߶ˣоһ
ô᣿ǸҲǰ˶ѣոҹ˼˵еĵؼҪˣֻѾô
䡭
Ǽ˺ͬģǵиЩؼһֻȻ࣬ȴû̫ãΪЩеǿ㹻Щնˣһûȥ
ն֮Ȼû¶̾ͺһûеʮؼϡ

ؼҲ뵽ոճһУȻ˵ĲҰܡȻһ̻ûбȴҲˡ
ӵؼҹ˵һ䡣
Щһ˵ĵؼ֣˲ٴӭһеĺ
һθңʮ˲ͱһ룬ضûС
֮»ûģǿˡҹһʣЩûǾ񶼱ŵû˵ˣ˵һ䡣
һĹЧһЩɵ˵ˣֻҪܶģƴȥȶˣҲҪط
˭ǵһŵǳ𣿡ҹһ˿Цʵ
С
ųоһ
ҪսپΪϲ𣬵Ǿ벻սнûҪ죬ϲľȻǡ
֮䣬һʮؼֲֿ֣飬Ǹ켶ų֣˭ܰõ
ǸոҹֶûжͿһѳȻˡ
԰嶼ôܰѵؼأ
˵ĸڱ׵߸ţݺ˰ԼĴȣ֤ȷΡǵôģ
λǲΪԷŹǰɣһ̾͹Ķĸų¶֮ڻưոݣͻǵս취Ǹ۵СӸˣʱȺ˾ͷˡ
ĸ˶ɫѿʵں˵һ䣬˭ǲʶ㣡
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345 ĸʮ
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347 Ʈ
ĴȨһ֮Ƿ׷׺ű֮飬ѡõһųһ룬ɭ
ȻܵѹեͻȻһӳôĽޣ涼ģֻҪƻõ켶ų죬ɱһͷĽ޵棬㹻ȵɱ޵ʮٱ
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С졭С̼ʲôʱ˵Ը⡭
ԭԸģС
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ǺǣҹִţֻǵһЦҿȳЩɣҾǸˣȲȲҲνǿСŮȲ裬һζ
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ħطҲ׵ѵԼаħ͸ñɵɱСʵ
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СһΪʲôƳ湥æҪ㣬ȴҹʾҪţȶ
Ƴ汬ģֻһƬţоȻһº͵ҹƣ壬ʣҺ綼ǵġ
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ɭڵֻ޶ŵĵؼӣҲǷſڵģ˼ټǧɣͲñȥѣҲûĸŻóȻ
ǼֻΪΪЩνﶼĽ׵ޣǽȥҲﲻ϶æԾ͸޺˺ʬġ
֮ǰ˵Ҳʵڽ֮ǰѾ˸ɽ˴֮䶼ΥԼܵĸɵһµơ
顭
󿪴ϣѾ켶򼸸ؼĵӣǻǸһ
С㣬ô˵Ҳ޶ŵŵӣٲסֵĻģһڵʦˣҲһӱķײϣź󺰵
޶ŵŵӣͣʵ
ô֪ˣǵΪĽıţЩ˶ҸɵĵΪеģȻŵʱû¶Ƚعر֮ǵĺùӳԡ
ӻǵһŵĸųأһְѶԷˡ
ϺСģͻȻһ
ͬʱһѾ˺ǵĸǰ˳ȥ
顭
ƽʵʵһǵǵʮվȣԷȻֻ΢΢ҡһ£žѾźǻƹȥ
һġ˿Ϊ壬Ҳͬȭȥ
Ǭ޶Էغһ
βȴͻȻһӱˣһȭݺ棬ȴû˿ЧԷϲľ޴󷴵֮͵˻ȥˡ
ʲôˣڽ޶ŵӣǻòͷˣݣҲ̫ߣֻ۾ﷺ˿˿ʮӡ
ʦ֣ҪĽСһǰҲסոյļӶǾװſ
޶ŵ켶֮һֽѫĽҲû̫ѶԷ¶һҹš
ҹһ£ֵ֣ʱʲô
ĽЦƽҲûע⣬ҹôһ˵е
ѫҪǱôеĻѫڿҪˡҲû뵽֣Լ
Сӣ֪˭𣿡ѫҲ켶֣ȻĽҹĶԻ˶Ľ꣬켶ҲܺµˣȻĻҾǿϲɱҲһĵУɽǳȥɣƽˣҲһǽ
ÿСӣ㲻ǸôսٻغϣΪոһ벻ľӮңһԷҹ¾Ͳˡ
㲻ҵĶ֣ѫ˵ϵıޱȣĽ꣬㲻µЩ˳󣬻Ǿ߰ɣҲΪǡ
Ѿǲɵˣǵʲôϵҹǰĺǣʾ˻ȥ
ѫʮװ棬ҲȷǸ汾µģָոս켶ʵȷǶԷĶ֡
Ľ꣬ҪһҵĵޣѫûпҹһֻĽ˵ɺеĽأٲ˳ĻȻҰĽնɱЩˣһȥˡ
ôĿ˶ǰһǵҪôһȥģ
ǣҪһɵ𣿡ѫ΢΢üȻҲû뵽ԷȻһӣһͬʱɵӡ
˵µɵ飬ǲɣʲôϵҹȴЦ˭涨ģؾɺУϿûпɵ֣ȻûУˣ˭ͶԽ
˵ģ˵ģѫĽҲػӦȥٲÿĻģͲҪǲˣ
ƾ⼸켶𣿡ѫЦĽ꣬ΪڵĵˣӦ֪ͬ켶޶ŵĵӣҲЩɢ޵ܱȵġ
ţҹȥˣС˵ҲȫûɵˣǷʰ޶ŵģȻô˵ˣǾͳȫ㣬һϣҵģ
Ǽ˶ʱһ׷״Цǰˡ
ѫҲ΢΢һʵЩܱȵģǶԷҲ켶ҪһӶԸûʲôա
Ϊƾ޶ŵͷܰѶԷߣû뵽Էһ¡ǸĽ꣬Ͱڵˣ֪Ҳվһ߶ȴǴʵǿ
ĿСӣ޶żˣѫҹȥ
һ￴ϡƽһ仰Ȼ켶˵˲ǸͨˣȻٸߵĵλҲ켶
޶żˣǺǣҹȴЦˣһӡ󲻹ҹҲԽү
õѫ޲̾ͰѶԷƤԼûзԼ־Ȼôһùг
Ҳǣһֱ츳ѣʵǿĵһԱͬ˭ȡЦ磬˵ʱҲû˭гԼ鷳
ҹ֮ͻȻʶԷ˵ʲô˵ҹǸնɱ޶ӵǸҹ
ѾҼסˣҹЦţɫ漴һ䣬ȥףͽɣͷһ϶˵ģ
㡭ѫɫڱˣɢ֮һ԰ףҲʲôµģ㲻ѾħϿ
ɺףϣۿħϿȵĽ֮Ŀֹƽ֮ħϿҲĹرˣ˵ҹӦǱ֮ĵɱ˲ŶԣɶԷվԼǰ
ѵǡ
ѫɫ䣬ֿ̫ˣԷ֮ĵ޶ɱɱԼ͸һ
䡭
ѫ߻Ϊת̫죬Щʱ򣬺ȴѾһǺϻݺӡڶԷϡ
ô˾Ȼ͵Ϯѫ޵оԼǱ쾳ǿ߻һ㣬ȫĹҲ֪˶١
ҵкܳ㻹ǵԼ޶ŵĵӰɣҹָǼ޶ŵĵؼӵʦ̧ߣҪǵһŵ·
Ľ꣬ˣ֪ôʲôҪ޶Ϊ𣿾ȫʢʱҲһס㣡ѫþš
ҹȴˢһ°γҹѫĲϣ˵˭Ѿȫʢʱڵģ
ûУҵĲ²⣬賤궼ûгֹ϶Ϊϰѫɫһ䡣
ۡ
ҹ洩͸˶Էļ򣺡Լ˵ѣһҾͰ첲նҹض˫˫ŵĻ㻹кܶ˵ѵġ
ǡԳз磡ѫͷʺ
ҹɱһ켶


352 ˭վ
ҹ۾һ£龹ȻָԳзйأǿѫڵӣӦþ˵ѣҶԷҲ֪ԼԳз֮ĶԹȥݺԷˡ
ѵϵĹƳ滹Գзķݶ
ͷһ£̾ҡͷˣԳзﲻ£еĹȴǰѾˣʱϣ;ܵġ
Գз羹Ȼ֪濴Щˡ
ջذҹҹ˼һ£ǾҪʱһţĿǰһŵʵҪ顣
ߣҹһӣŪ㶯ɣ֪ǵһŵˣ
𡭡
ڱһŭȻ԰һֵͣǱһǰģҹ˵仰֮ȴжбҳһš
ѫ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬷Բ֮ڵΪ֮һ𣬴˾޴磬һӰѵһŵ˸Χ
ЩվķλȻ˵⣬ǵŻеܣȴǻһһȺûķ
䡭
һոŭӾ޴󣬵涼
ѫŵһŹȥ֮ڵǿֲ޴ӣһγ˿ֲɫ
ոöԷ͵Ϯܰ˳ڿԷѾˣǲҪĻЩһֱӰͷҲȫˡ
ȥ½ϡףϺͽϣҹûҡѫҲ˲Լƣæõȥɽϻ㱨Ҳ֪һؼ֣һ
ոһĿֲǳԽ켶ķ룬ҲֻõǳֵˣȴʵʵǵؼûдؿԷЩˣûгʲô˲սĵҩ
ֲ̫ˣһնɱҹѾ㹻˶ɵοһȺǣ
ĽҪʲô˵ڸ֪ҪƻǰԼ
ô˵鶼ܾģһɻ㱨ˡ

ҹһĶ̫󣬲󹦷ɵľӢѾǰˡ
ţƽʲô˼ĪҪԼռɭǵθò̫ЩɣڵӽЩõ˵
ƽҿһҪһ˵޶ŵĵӳ¸ҲŭݣҸոյӴϢȺ˴޶ŵѫǸСӻɱ޶ŵӵҹԽԽˣ
Ϊ׵һò㣬ȥЩӸӵƽ˿Ҳ粻ջĽʵʦãô£ɭѾ½óȻ룬Ϊֺѵ賤ϵ˼
ʦ֣ӦһνʦˣΪ֮ǰҵѾڴϵҳɽţҲڵӣһŵųĻ̌۾һһٵ˵ҵĵһţΪУ˴Ҳֻɱ޶ѣûй߶л룬Ϊʲô
㡭ƽһϣشɵ˽֮ĬϵģɻСһأ¸ȥЩĽأȴɵĶˣȻŲ˵ЩСǵģʲôʸ˵ǵأ
ЩѭĹ򣬴ûȥɹҶǰҪһ˭Ҳ
ԭбŽˣƾɵʵֱӾ͸ķˣĶõŸԷôࣿ
ƾЩؼĳԱǽȥҪ𣿡ƽҲǶĽʮߡ
һȺؼں֮ڣҲһĽ׵ޣѰ·ڵ˵
ں֮ڣҹһüëҲôԼȻɱҲῴǡ
С
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ȷҹһˣǰһɱˡ
˶˵һѾˣ˭֪ȻħϿ˳϶ûз١
ӿɶǣСӳ֮󣬰Ѵǰժִҡڵ߽˵һţ޶żϣȻһ֪飬ڻ嵽˽ޡ
ߣҹɱ޶żӣǲưոݵģ¸ָҹȻսҲǿڽطûпʱԷ֮½ʦ֣ħطΪɱ
ҾħطһĸУûнطķ𣿡ҹ̤ǰһɽѹȥĸо
¸նپ󾪣һŭҹΪΪΪ켶ӣ°ˣʵܿס켶һ𣿡
˵úһλ켶ϴֻҪһ£ǾͻҲһҹǺһЦɣɢһھ˵ħطĸУһʮҲãٸҲãҶţҵǺ뿴һ£ɵ켶ǲһΪף˵ģ𣿡
¸һʱϣȻҹʵǶԷɱ켶쾳֣ⶼʵҪԼһ˵Ļ϶ǶԷĶ֡켶ƤɶԷһٸ켶
ôۣɵ켶ҪָӶˣͳŵˣһССŵӣ
ٿ⼸Ϊ׵ӵķӦھͲ˵˵ģƽǸһ㣬κĽ굽ʦãҲܳ֡
⼸ЩѾͷתһ߶ЩͻȻʲôڸʦţһֵ˼
ɱͲһ飬лĻͲܶԷۿҹΪѵֻ޶ţ˭ְæǲŽء
ʦ֣Ƕʮ켶һѵɱСӣԱһǰ
¸ǰһָӲ޶ŵ켶ӣհģѵʮ켶ɱһҹ
ҵҪʮôһģƾ𣿡ҹŭŶԷ۾ͻȻһĨϺ졣
ǵȻԴһۣͷͨһӵڵϡ
¸մ󺧣ȫԷô˸Ūġ
㿴ֻ˵ļʶ̫ǳ֪ôģ㣬ʵǲ̫Զҹҡҡͷʵʸɭﲶɱ𣿡
¸յƤ˵ûУ᲻ֱӾͱԷɱˣ
Ȼ޶ŵĬˣ֪ôģҹ΢Цɵͷӣ˭ҽɭֵվ
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Ǵǰɢ޸˵仰϶һʱͱİһһΣȴð


353 £
ȿȡƽһǿһ£˸ղ˵ʲôһɭֽأҲ֮أɱ޵ˣɱҲ޿ɺǣλأ
ɶﰵҹĽڵˣ˵ݵľһ˫ɣʱװõǸһ޷Ǿ˵ǰµ
ƽɲЩ켶ܶģһЭ̣µĹأ˵˾͸ˣŵҲüͷΪ
ô˵˼ǷˣƽЦЦʵ
ҡ̾͸оҹĿ⳯ѹ˲ʹ˼˵ʱЩϢǵǣֻǾôӦϱ֪Ӧ֮ǰҵȻ
ҿǱô˰ɣǸ㱨Ҳ֮ͨˣΪҵȵġŵҲ˵
ͬ⣬޶ŵĳ¸Ѿſ˵ʣһҪʱٳԲѷĻǴҹ
ǰ˵ɱǶԷȡɣۿ˵а֮ĶԷģ
˽ǿɵĳϱ棬ҹǸүǣֻװˡ
ǾͶлλˡҹ˵ţҡڵŽȥ
Ľһ˶ǿҹԶһҪȥ˼ûС
ʦã绹Ǹڵʦֵһ𣿡ƽĽ׽
ˣĽȴûиӣǼȻͬȥˣҲսһ£
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ףŹְ
ҹһŲһģôǶһģҹϵҲУĽ궼ҹ磬ܲһģ
ҹ˵ˣܵһŵȺؼʵҪǲܵĻƾʲôܽɭ֣˵ʲôǲý֮ģǽȥˣҲιˡ
ʦãڸʲôƽҲ㲻ףֻӲͷƤˡ
ǵһʵɭռһϯ֮أĽȴŵؽţλŵĻǾվһλаɡ
ǳĬϴҹѾܵţַ϶ıȻԷ˵ֻ
ȻûվǾֻڿյһˣĽ꿴ЩûһģֻźǵΪۣ𣡡
һŵ˱ǰķλģһĽ̾һ֣Ӵ罭һ۹ӿǵ켶ڡ
𡭡
˵Ǳķһ͵Ǹ޻Ȼһŭ֮ͬʱ˫ʮӿǼʧȥ˿ƵŭžԶȥ
䡭
һƬĳ֮еľȫ۵£ϸＸ׵ĺ蹵
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⻹ں֮ڵĻԼЩ˸ýʲô
ֲҹΪǵģ˵ʲôøӣݺʰȺؼں֮ڣҪҴ̼ѡ
ҿոûжְҶԼĻǣҪȻܾǸˡ
λǵʵɭ֣Ľʵ
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̫ˣƽǵһ˴Ĵָô˵Ľ궼ڳģܲɸ׽ʦÿһҪڵĵһ𰡣ҲиӦ
ɵĵӣӿЦҲҪ£Ľ꣬Ⱥ̫ǿˣֵһҹҪǿ˵İֵģɭĽǿǾԵǿԮ
ϧ飬˭ҲûƽıǮ㡣˵˭֪ԷǲϷأ
˼һҲһ˵ģĽһָλǱŵĸųһʵǹеģȻҪʦֺһֻ棬ֶٶ˵ˣһˣԵҲˣǱżȻһУǾͲ̫ˡ
˶ǰһĽ꾹ȻûдƽֻҪٶǾûôΣ
˵Ͱ켶֣ؼ˼Ҳһ켶Σƽ΢΢Ц˵
Ľ껹û˵ǵѾЦ˼߸켶Ǿжʮڵƣ
ƽһ˿ãЩ˲ӣʵӦǰȥ߶ԷţϧڲǷʱ
Ȼ࣬һӵҲСֺϻ̫֮עûа취ޣ֮һѾǲԼĻòƽѾЩͷ
ǺǣС㣬翼һ¸ǲźǿԷֳķ֮һ
߸ںҲǿԷֳ֮һ
ſԷһ
ڵɫ˱䣬վû˵ˣŵѾѻ˵֮ݣȻĽ̬ɼԷͲ˺
Ҽһ룬ҲѾ˾ڵλֻ£һ¶ѣͳһĸ߼۵ĻѾʧȥ£壬ҪŵһţɵӸˡ
޶ŵˣ۵Ĵ㶼ûУǲǿģĽҹĹϵ˵Ǻ޹ǲŽгˡҹ޶֮䣬ͽ˲𣬱˵һ޺޶ŲԸȫĽҲ϶Ǻġ
λǵһɭɲǺˣҪɱһȣ˭ɭֻˣĽȻһЦλҪСˣǿɲô׶Ըġ
˵ţŵһŵˣʧҹ߹ķϡ
֣ĽҲ̫Ӱ¸մЩЦĿ
Ǻǣ޶ŵǺҹӡƽҲɫطš
λҿǾȲҪˣҹǰһţ൱ѲĶ֣ǰʱûгֹǻ취ǰصˣһ˵ıŶᳯӿˡǺ֣ص˵
˵úŸոտǳһ޺ˣҪһźġҲ
ǺǣûгһµطĳǳҲ̽ѣɵһһ޺˵ĺҪɼͼ취¶Էһ⣬ʱŽ
Щؼ˶ѣ޷ֵһ־Ѿעǲ̫ջˡҡҡͷ
©ҹɣѵ
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ҹˣʵ̫аţ˵ħطħطǴո޶ŵһ켶ӣͻȻ֮͵ô£
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˵öԣ¸̾˿ֻϱͳϣǵͲԶԸҹ
ϱҲʲôȫ֮ߣ֮֮ϸ޷룬ҹ޷ĴڣһεĽջҪۿˡЩǵ˵
ƽ⵱治Ū飿ʵ
ʲô˼ƽҲԹŪģѵͲܴһʼҹ켶ӦҲóһľҹˣڷǿһģӦһҹڣڲܷӳս
ƽ˵ʵ˵ʱԼЩľˡ
ոҹûгֻ֣һЩؼ켶һЩ켶ǸһĻʲôĽ
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켶֣ǰϢ͸¶ĻԼɣΪŵӵջ󣬲¶Էϵ
λȥɱˡ¸תˡ
ûԶ뿪̴֮Ⱥһ˶͵͵뿪ɭ֡Ҫϸ˵һ£ҹҪɱΣǱɵõˣɵѡ
ɣҲǸ˵ǣȻͨͨҷͷҲ׷׻ɽţ˭Ҳɵӣʶⷨ

٣վĽҹߣѹЩ˵ȻǵһűκһŶȹ̣зͷûһ᲻ģзҲӣǱͨĳˡ
ĽҲЩĵҹѾֻǵǸСˣܶҲеزֻ뵽ȴδа취
зòӣҹǺһЦˡ
ɫһ죬òӣΪڵķҹְֵذźλ÷˶ľżķʽִУǿĻֻǿһۣûпܲó
ڵзֻһζѣѾļޣٸЩģҲŪҹЦڵνȴżȱݣһ󣬸˴һʵôֻ仯зֻ֮󣬲ܷӳ
ףֻǾһ򵥵Ǳɵ˵õˣҲǼ°̽͵
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ѾڵԾˣһţǲĵط
ʲôأҹνǲỹûз֣ǸõģԵС
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ȴһӻȻˣзʱ壬൱ɵľ󣬵˶ȴȫʯǡǰ˵ʯڲ٣ôоӦðй¶˰
һͨ̾ͶҹͶأһûһþʱͨһССĹ󣬾Ȼ˾ãⲻò˵һȫû뵽顣
ֲôһʼԱڲ˵ʱҪسΪۣԭֻϤ󣬶Ҫܴ䣬ҪĿġ
һʯɾķ󣬺һܹķ󣬼ֵҪַҪ汻й©ɣǾһۡ
ûõģ˵һҲһ飬ĿǰܣԷ󲻿ɱᱻɵ뾡һа취ŪߣҹȻ˵ţȴû˿ںҲܿͻ֣ᷢһʵôǿĹҲҪܴõ˲Уս֮У˭վ򣿶ɾЧõĻǾ͸ǼˣǱо鷨󣬶ɶȱʯΪʲôҪ÷ѧϰַ󣿡
һ룬ǵǡ
ЩûгԹ˵ⷨȻǾѵıǶȫǿп޵Ķˡ
ҾеҪº͵ö࣬ⷨʱһʱ̶ʢ޷ܵΪ˵ӣǲǵòʧء
ڹü˵һǿ󣬵仯ĻֻܵһԭزǿпˣȲɵĻɽЧ
ǡҲԼĵǶģɹ˭Ҳⷨ󵱱Ŀ¶ûС
Ψһźǣǵõ֮󣬷Щ㣬ǵһֲֿûˡĽҲˣȽϿϧȴһ㡣
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ʲôǼųҲš
ؿҹһһٵ˵䣬һֱΪΪˣȻȥֵֻ˲Żףﵽһ̶֮˿ȹȻǲһǷ޴ˢǵøǿҲչӼ̣ͬΪ֮£ǲԶʤ֣ٴӮֻܻͷˡ
Ľģ켶ˡȷ涼ȶԷҪǿ۸һͬ͸һ˵˵ȥǺģֻδػᱻɵ˷ֶѡ
ԽսڲܵĻɿֵģǿɲǷĽ껹Щ⡣
𣿡ҹǵЦţڻûУǺܿͻеģҪĲһǼлͿ׳ˡ
ٻܽҩҳһŰɣҲҪƴһѡǰӵɵøţһҹܾ


355 
ϺܿͱɸˣҲֻ򵥵ϰ֣ɺƣ˴ǮĶƺôð
ôһȲһ˲䱬ĵҩǿһЩ
ɵӿ֣˲൱쾳һôõĶûа취ϰɹһŭ֮°ѳ۷˸ɱˡ
ɵĳҲӹţ˺ܶ취Ҳûн̫ûãֻ̫ѽ˸屬
ôʲôɱˣɱ
оⶫĳˣǸƨͨĶˣҪţֱǸҪһĸӿˣٸôǲء
ɶһŭоԼǱһŸˣһŭȻҲǳɭЩ㱨Ϣĵϡ
ɭĵӣɶߵĵùèһ߶һ߶Ҫ¶ԭнƻ
˵ǰߵʲôҲˣɭܲһֱŶǺأҹ֮ԭΪֻǷֳȥһСݶޣǺܿͷ֣뷨ˣشˣ
ǷֵĲһСݶһ飬ԭԵĿ黹Ҫ󣬴ÿɵĵӶ۵ĵز
һŵ˻ãջСԤϵּ߷Ҳ޷̫Ľޡ
ڿҹһŵȷǷֿߵģҹô̶ֳȣɶ벻ͨѵʲôķܰһֻֻʰ𣿲ȻĻҲһ׵Ļô׼ȷ֪ȥɱһͷأ
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еҹǵһ֡ԷͿ޶Ų˳ۣԼȥⲻԼҴ
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ոտʼʱֻᵽҪȴû˵õҪô䡣ôڣյĿĻĽ׵޺䲻ǿ϶⣬Ҳǽˡ
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λңҵ㣬ڽʯ񡭡


358 ǲ
ҹûУûпҹ˵ʱ⻹һ۵㡣
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ǺǣûлԷΪˣҹȻЦţΪһҪԷΪõ
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360 ħʽ
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361 Դ࣬ζ
޶ϣ̶ʱ侹ȻɱΧ۵˶Ӧ
ףһʧ㣬ֱӱҹɱĽ׼û뵽ҹûʩչħʽ򱬣
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ⶫҪǸԼƳҩ˵һٵڣ۷壬ǡ
ʲôˣΪҹѾһڰʣµİȥ˱ãôˣԴ࣬ζ


362 Ԫ
Χ۵ĵǶףҹǿ˵ʲô˼
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ǿģΪߣǶܸоԷԼѹϵı仯ҹر仯ţֱ仯ƺʮ㡣
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ħʽֻʽǲĶʵħʽҪģҵƣ־վǰҲһӵһսնƵصĿ֮նǴ̣ôҪ
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Ƕ˵ħʽ׵УЩΪҹףӦǲ֮ӵնȥУսһеˡ
ȻˣԼǸԴҪͷʱҲɣԼġ
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ոյûжϣǲ׺˵壬һ˸߹һˣһչһˣƵۻǸƱñһʽ


363 ɱʽ
ҹǿֲҲ֪˭˵ôһ䡣
һ仰ʵǺܶ˶˵ġ
Ҳȴħطɱλϣָ˱ԪʵѾڵ½ϴѽѷ֣Ȼʹħʽȴʩչ޶ŵĲ׺ˣԭ˵Ҫ
ţһţħطһ湦Ļ治жô죡
սʤ𣿻һˣ½ѸƺѾ˹
ϺҲģһʧֱ֮ʶ֮̾ųѸҹλãһ˿ҷˣöԷһ͵Ϯ
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ҹһѪҲ΢΢һΣֳŵ棬ǿûеȥ
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ҹҲ㹻˹Ŀ࿴һԪΪᵽ˿Ҫ۷ǿߣֻԲһЩѣ½ѸûбԪأ
ȻܶûԽĽҶѾܲµ½ѸĶ½־ܱҹɱһڶԷոճɾʱɱʵޣôٸҹ»·
ҹ䵽ҵ½ѸҹѪӣɭЦɱҵĶӣҵ⸱ͦȤġ

仰ʱڳ˶׵⽹ֳۣ޶ŵȥ˼˵Ǽҳϻһڣ
޶ŵһһãȻòڻӦţҲ֪
ǲô˵¶ƤԺҪû¶Ļ½ԶһһԼ̫˧ˣϵô죿
Բԣ¶ҲԶɲġ
ŻҹոջҲ仰һѪϲĶûӴ˵ûҶ
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ģ󡭡½Ѹ¶ɭȻЦݡ
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ʶϯĹУȻڲϱŻ󣬿ʼֻ糱ˮһ㣬ںˮ֮۳һƥ
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ͷ˵ʲôɱʽȻм˿ûиҴ⣬϶һʶĹһҪ㵽ֲС
ǿ߸ԪУû֣һЩֻԪĥҲܰҹĥҲ
ΪԶˣҹʹţԷڲ֮ˡЩϼһﶼǸ֣ٶϱͱȲҪͲܡ
ҪʶŵĻҹҲ˸һݵƣʶѶԷһ벻ýС
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ȻҹĸǰҪһҧµʱͻȻһεľסξȻ̣һҲˡ
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½Ѹˣ֮죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ѿʮ⡣
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㿪½ѸɫһҲ֪׶༪٣Ϸҩʦܶ벻ĶҶ


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365 ֮Լ
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Ǻðɣֻܸ˵֡ҹ
ðɡ
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366 
ȣ˼壬Բʲô͵ĵط
ֻһȸʮ޶ʮټ߽֮󣬸ۿ֮ڵء
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ȻˣΪʲôϸҺ֪˵һᡣ֮гڴ
ǺǣԳзһİɣҹʵӦðһЩ㣬пܸ𣿡
֮ԹҲҲδҪ֣ƽҸԳз֮䣬ֻǻãϣ֮ģĺ
ŶԷĻشҹЩ⣬Ϊ壿
ǺǣֻһɣȻЦһ£ʹң˵ʣȴԣΪʲôҪ壬Ҳ򣬼û壬ȻҪһˣ˵Ҳֻôһˣ
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ΪҲ׵ĴߣĴߣЩԺ˵Ҳ֪Σܳ׵ߵģֻˣҪ׵һȥٺ棬·ֺµֻҶ֣һҲһ
Ǻǣ˼ӣֻҿɲϲҹЦ
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Ǵ̸׵ͼҵҹʵ
ģҾΪָ·ǴЦ⡣
漴ҹǰһӿˣóһĵͨǰǳһĹ㣬ȴֻө֮СӣһǰȥΪҹ·
ҹҲɣСһ·УܿһƫƧʯ֮ǰͣ¡
޴ɽǰ棬ʮֹʯʯǷĲյԱ߶һӵˣȥҲʮ꣬һȣü֮żҹֻ˸ơ
֪һҹ׼õĲյ
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׶Էʲôƣɽ߳ˣǶ˫̥Ľá
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֪Ҫɱ𣿡ҹʡ
ɱˣҵҲͲûˡЦ
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˵ҹɫЩˣСæȥȴԷһ̹Ȼ


367 ˹
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ǺǣҲԳз̸İɣҹЦ
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С죬ѵ㻹͸ֻһֱ㣬㵱һĹ߰С伱˵
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ΪҪɱոյʱʵȫԶ֡˵һҹȫϤĵطԷȴĵͷߡ
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ҹСһȵʱ򣬶оȻһ¡
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һȺ˶ҹвȫȻܸһȡ
˿ɱˣԷˣƳɴ˵е˹ƣǿɱҪˡ
ҹҲ˵˼ߴŵһƼΪС䣬ǾԲܴӳȥڣҲ˵жİա
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ô࡭С俴ʮڵӶۼһʱЩֲʧôˣȻһû׷
ٶҲҪɱҹȻγ˰ҹȳȥ
ɱǲòɱ


368 ݺ
ҹÿһѪ죬ҹѾ֪Լɱ˶ˡоɱˣڿֻľһһȥ
Щ˹ҲǷ񣬾ն˫ţҲȻǿ㣬ֻлһ˿ܵĻᣬһŬȥɱ㡣
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СɫѾò԰ֽ۾˿־֮ɫǺҹһҲһ̶ͣɱЩֻ֪񹥻˹ơ
ֻǸոձĵؼûҹӦѾˣҲҿ˵ؼȻҹҪչ˶չ˲
磬㲻ҪңԼ߰ɣС֪ûĻҹҪߣƾǰЩ˹ƣκβ
ҪԼҲߣǾͱҪǰе˹ƶɱ⣬ûߵϣ
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磡Сһ֮̾Ȼɫ֮ǰĿ־ҲˣҲû˰ûڵı飬ƺһ˲򣬱üᶨ
ܺãҹСı仯Ҳ΢΢̾ţոսؼϸؼ֮ǰʲôɣȻܷӳؼӦеһ롣
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һ˹ץҹһסһֻצһ㣬һצƶԷƤ⡣
ˡ
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369 ͻ
СӣسλξҪսȦ˹䣬һԾ˳ȥǡЩ˾Ȼ˻ˣɵĵӣȻô඼˸ٿˣ찡ô£
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سϱ˵һϣҲȷ½ѸҲڣҲڣ½ѸԷɱˣԼô˵ȥɱԷ
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ŴƬ˹Ƶ£ҹҲһƬĹӰ֮Уλ϶һ
Ȼǽ


370 ȥ
紵ѳɢʱһ𿴵ƬǽѪȵսϣһѪˣֱ»ŵŮȻЩţȴûܵκε˺
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ﶼǴ˸ͻԷһżӣȫǱͻƣҪƴӡ
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ûȥôһˣոճҹɱЩ˹ƣǾ͸ܲŶԣôɵĸأ
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ڣҹ֮޳ԹֻҪƲˣð֮ǰ޶ŸҹĶԹҲ˵һ˵ȻԷ˵þͰˡ
ߣλ˵ǺƯǸոտɲô˵ģڿ˵Щ˹ôһת۾ͱ𣿡ҹɨ˵

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С俴ҹһĵâҲٳɣɿԶȥѸ˸ط
ʱҲѾǰǰ棬һΪڵĳϣŵģʮĵӳϣҲ֪һʱ֮䣬ôЩɵ˶ټġ
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˵ָһĴָһòһӡȻǵǰĹָ


371 ָ
ָǣ
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˵ǴʹĹһ޶ŵ˫ɻѹţȺի˶Ŀ࿴Ŵⵯָǵ
ǰԴǸŽ֮ⵯָǾҲûκܹѧˣǾ˾ļǮҪһģ޶Ÿܾˣɼļֵˡ
ļǮⶫ޼֮޶ŵȻܻỻɽ֮û뵽Ȼֳʵ̫ˣ
ɵĵӺͳϿһĻǾ֣ǰʱôû뵽лῴ˵֮еָǣӿ׬ˡ
˶ȥעҹһͻ֮У˿ûл֮ˣֻл·
˵ڶæȥ⾳ʱһʱԵɺϵĶ򣬱ԪҪҪ
˵Ǹѹŵ꣬һ֮䣬õ򣬴ڣһԾ۷壬Ҳŵõ˴ȺիЩ˵࿴״Ϊʹ͡
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һʱ˶ĬҹȥƮѸ
ۡ
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ָǵģǷˣ½Ͽ϶ҲᱻȰիأ˵ܽأ
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Ŷǳ⾳ʲô˶һ𺳡
ǳ⾳Զ䡭¶ʥ֮ɫż䣬ƾֹʵڲͣع

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ָǺѸǼǰҹҪѨסҹ˻ĵƣҲסǡ
Ҳû壬ֻҪһײϣ̾½˵ͻƵ֮бҳˡ


372 
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ף򣡡
Ǳɱһ֮ǰͻȻɳһ֮УȻһĻҹС


373 
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Գз粪ȻŭഴƷһ̾Ȼ˸ƻˣ¹һƵġ
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ͨķʽͻˣǱȻޱ˵ģ̣ȻҪȫĶֲ֮УôܵõĻأ
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һ֮󣬸Ӳ֣֮Ϊĵָǣһαڵʱ򣬸ӷ˼֡
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ڶĳһûǰԼͬغ˼ֻҹԪը֮ǰȥʰԷ
ָǣֻԪȥôǵĻܳãҹű˿˲ֻһεĵָǣмֲмĿ
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۵Ȼ޴󣬵ͬģҲ൱Ԫ޹˼ɵʩչԪĸǾ˵ٶȡ
Ҳ˼ĵطųӦ֮Ŷԣڶ˵Ҳֻ۳ԪһЩѣ㲻õָǣҲһָǲǿŸ˶ѡ
ǲСҵҪܽӵ¼ǣ½Ȼ𾪣ȴһ㶼ʾ
ⵯָȱ޴󣬵ŵҲûУԪٶ죬ҲԪľ޴ԭ֮һ֮ٶ£ͨͬĸֻ֣żҲˣ͵Ȳľ޴ȱ¶
ǰҹҲһֻҪڼ֮ڰѶܣľ޴ôԷһûа취ٷˡ
Ҿ㿴ħʽôĵָǣҹ˵֮Ѿǰ̤ȥ
ÿ̤һξҲŰθһ֮ҹ˵Ѿ˾޴Ĵڡ
ô£ڳ϶һ۾ŷǰҹǸղ壬ûκα仯
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ֻҪȥܸܶԷһսʤĴڣѵħط壿
ǿôӦǣ½ҲоЩ죬ôġ
ϾֻһոͻСӶѣʱЩֲǸʱ֮󣬻־Ĵڡ
ˢ
ҹˣǰѰҹᵶǱһֻһɫӰױȣٵܶնһɫһ㡣
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һſײȥ׷׶Ĺ𻨣ɢȥѤݳ޵̻һƬҹ˲ſһ
⡭ܣ
½ڣ˶Ŵͣǿǵصĵָǣ½Ϊѵǿɱ
޴ɱȴ˲һطĩճճһȥˡ


378 ֮
ħʽ
һʱ䣬뵽ľȻǵָǱˣҹǹĵ
ڲ½֮⣬Ҳв˿ҹʩչħʽһԲ׺˵ķʽʩչǵȷǿ𺳡
ǰҲħʽǹƣƺħʽ
ҹֵٶȻ죬ôҿĽǺᵶӰÿһ͸İȴħʽɡ
ͬģʽĹ죬ͳеٶָħʽ롣
СӣʲôˣȻǰħʽĵںΪһ
ڳҲǸ֣̾ףҹǰһֹĵħʽںϵһ
˵ףֵںϵһ¼䲻֪ǿĹʵϣһ顣
Լսֻд˵֮дܲǰСӷǴܣȴˡ
Ǳ˴ĵָǣ˿̿ôһļʩչҲСһ
ʲôħʽСħͷ֪ʲôһ֣ħͷ½ϴȵ
Ҳ֪½ϲҪһ˵ѣûгʲô̾һ֡
½ȻʲôöҹһǾ޶ŵĴˣǻŪ
ಡ
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˦һӣ׷˦ȥ̷סҹĺ󱳡
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䡭
ڶĹâһȫҹվ֮ǣνվֻ֮ǸոյĶѣͿһˡ
ʱҹӿ󣬿ÿ̤һͺǰѵˣĽ´ŵ֮ǲ⣬ʱܸշһ

ҹԼ΢΢ȣ֮ǰǿ޵̽˶Ǻȴ˵Ȼûбɹ⣬һôɶûа취գֻڵǸɫһ
ڽһ̣ڱȫˣɫڵС˾ͻһ˿޵֮С֮С
֮ǰһֱûע⵽û뵽޵֮ȻǱ̳еõˡ
һ˿֮ʩչҲһײ飬һܸоԼٶƺһ̨ס
ҹһǵ޵֮ٶȣʶ֮ǿָ̾Ԫ½ϸȥ
ವһӣһ˿ϸĴڣ½ϸ
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춯֣ɽ󣬰ҹĨɱ½һ߼ˣһߴŴҡ
ɽ󣿴һӶ½ϵҹȻѾǿ̶ֳȣҪŻɽܸɱԷ
ǵģ½һţֻӣ֪ҹжˡ
㻹𣿡½ܵÿ죬ҹٶȴҲȻ֮ĵˣȻ׷½ϣٳһô

ǰû˿ı仯˵ĺëһһ˿־ĺֺű壬ǵ궼š
ǡɱʽһɫҰ׵ĳϣȻһѪȻܲʶನ
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ģһЩʶ֮ǿĳǣƺһƥ׶ǣŷ۾˵½ϵϣʼҧŶԷ塭
ۡ
һһĳ϶ѪʶܵشˣอܴӲûָΪ˶ҩҽʶҩȴټ١
ʶܴ֮ǵΪҲܵǣʶָ֮ǰΪܽе˵ķաɱʽֹȻδģȴʮּɵ
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Ҫɱʽ˵Ҳӣ˵Ҳ򵥡
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ֻѡһִҶӦԷʽ
ҿֲĽǱ߱Ѿʶ˵ڳǣӶ˼ֿ־Ӱ
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ԳзҹͻȻʵϢҾһ
½϶ȻоһᣬǴһԴͨһӹ˵ϡ
ҹҲͷһʩչɱʽȴû뵽յ𺳵Ч֮Ҫǿһ
Ҳף֮һԪǱ޵츳ͨû뵽ȴԼ˹ȥ֮ڿȥûɱʽǿȫΪɱʽӴʶ֧ţ֮ȴֻһ˿պܸ׵֮һɵø࣬ǿ϶Ҳޱǿġ
Ҳ֪ˣһϤ½ʶشʹ࣬Ѹٰҹʵһ¡
ǸԳз磬ֻ֪һ׽ĵӣžͳŵӣҸոտʱѾڣٶʵ̫죬֮⣬һ˽ˡ
ǸС޶ŵˣȴûκεĹ֮⣬Ҫ֪ԷĶĻҪԷɡ
û֪Գз𣿡ҹɫ׼óɱʽռĥɣ
ȥң½ļⶼڲţԥڳϺ


379 
֪һԥ²ǰǸԳзԴӼ޶֮󣬳ÿȡҩʯʱʱ䶼һû
ŶҹǸ˵ĳϣԷҲ˵ѵӣû֪ƽʲôط
Ƕ֪ǳҲε
Ǻǣǿ½ϾֻܼɱʽռˡҹĿⲻƵ½ϡ
½ѸոǸػĳɱһٱ飬ѾľͲһط˵֪ҹ
ҹǲ֪Գзɱ½ϣҲһǲ֪ǳϻǹִ
ԭ˸г𡣡ҹ΢΢һ£ʶһ𣬰½һѪ
ɣҸͬ޶ţ㾹Ȼ˰ң½ѪҲһѪ
ҹ֪Էڼ֣ԼɱˣȴĶ֣˾ǿ۸
³˵ﻰǵȷǲ֪Գз䣬½Ϊϣʱȴ޶ŵϣʵʧ޶Ŵϵݰո˵۾һâƺר½ϡ
½ϲûһѪôվ˵ۣбɱʽ
ǰܵɱʽʱҲܹʶǲûиоôҹʩչֱǵ˼һ㡣
ͨ
︹ֻ̣˫ϥһȻ۵һѪǾӡ
ͬѣ㻹ֻŲ켺͵޶ŽѵİɡҹĿԷ˵
ףԭҹ֣ӣʶʵĹʵ̫ˣ
ҹ֮¾ʹΣǲĵֶܵܺӣҡǻ㲻ɱҲᱻ˸ɱˣҽҲһʱͿȻҪȥ㣬ѾǺĪٸһλᣬҶȻٲΪУħطҪԴһ⳥ʯֻҪŹң޶еһУҶƽٸ鷳½Ͽҹֳɣ̻һ˵
ҹıû˿仯һʱЩż㲻ţҿ޶ʦҵʶԴģаٻ޶ɽħԨ
Բۣ
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ôǵųòƲڰɣȻҲ۸ˡҹ»һ£˳֮⣬˭ԿƵ⻤ɽΪСӣ㻣ס𣿡
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һʱ֪ҪôӦԣǰҹʶмܣκ飬û˿Եסġ
ҹ㲻Ҫôߣ
ͻأǴһ㣬ԴƮ첻һֲ׽ĸоʮء
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룬ڿҲ²۶Էʱ򣬴Ҳͷ죬һų֣ɱħͷ
ˣҹϷ˼Ϸʣɨ޶ˣΪžҿһĵطֻѣҪȴ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Щʱɱ㹻ˣ
޶ڳ϶ŭĿӦ¸񵰣
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Ҫ½ҹ˵˵ѣѵɱǺܿġ
ˢ
ҹն£½ҪκѾشֱҹʶ֮ѹţﻹж㿪Ļᡣ
½ϵѪȾһأ޶˱ವ⣬ΪŹһдֶѾˣ˭֪ҹȻŵҲֱӻӵն½ϡ
̫ˣԳ˺ݣԼҲݣƺûΥ޶ŵ˼֮ж鷳
ǻ˵ôݵһСӣ᲻һݣֱӰ޶Ѫϴˣվɽǰʱ򣬿½ϺԳз粻ҪѪϴ޶ŵģ
ҹ㾹ȻҵĻգ㣡
ŭˣȻ޶ɽƺоַŭ
ţҹ΢΢һüͷȥ벻㾹ȻôͻˣոյĻֻΪʱ䣬ԸϹʧˣ½Ѿò


380 
ɱ޶ŵˣ㻹߳ȥ𣿡ٿ֮䣬һӰ
˿ȥʮͣеģüȥӢ䲻Ҳܲµ޶ŵų֡
ôոջ˵е飬޶ŵҵģһת۵Ĺ򣬾ͱ𣿡ҹоԷһֲѹȴ˿ûзϣǲ˵Ųһ֣ƨĵһ֣

󵨣

ҹһֵĻ̾⵽ڶ޶ŵӳϵĺʡЩҲֻǸҺһ߽벽ܣ½϶ɱˣ
Ѿܶ꣬ûи˵ˣҹȷţҲɫҳľӲͷӲֹɫţҹǿһʵϵؤҲɱ㣬һ޶ɽ£ÿ춼ȥ㽻һ첻Ĺͷһ뿪ҵҪӲʲôʱ򣡡
ȤǰЩҪԸҵˣǶԸҵķʽһǣҹ½ϵϣһѪҲ⡣
˫Ŀһɣϵʵʰǵѹ޶ŵˣҲѹȵֱˣֳ羴ˡ
ҹֻ΢΢̧ͷһƽƽĹӣضڵϣƾǰȴǸ޹һ
Ҳ΢΢ȣϵԼƣЩܵನ޶ŵӶѾܲסҲѾ۷ʱҹȴȻû˿ѹƵӣⲻòҹһ࿴ˡ
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ҹ˫һȻԷûʩչʲôָһѤܸоģһָ̺Ҫ˼ֹ
һƻӶ֮䣬ֵϷ𵭵ĹâǰԪ֮ȫ֮УΪһƲűøޱȡ
ƴҹϲľˣҲҪ۷ԼжĲࡣ
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ɣ
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ҹħʽ־ٿȻ
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ʲô˵սʤңҲӰΪﲻΪʤˣǣأҹʩչն־ʱ򣬾ѾУޱȵϣħһźڵŶ֡
ҲǴӾǿţ֮䣬ʲô˶κһն֮£Ļҽ
Ҫ˵ʲôҹȴٴ𣺡ˣİˣһӣ㶼ԽҵӰһΰɣҾ㿴ңθӰģ
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ܣֲϵطţԷһոͻСӣֻԻԼѡ
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ʱҹȴǹһЦǰѿҪնİҹȻһתַС
ƹŹֵĶȴҹ𣬱Ѿ˸ߴ壬ٴһ߶ȣȻֻпһߡ

ڳִ͵Ŀ֮УҹѾ۷ƣͻȻ֮һ̨ףٳ߸ͷһ
һСڳֵУȴһ㡣ļޣһӺȻԼûвһʧǶôء
һ۷ǿߣĻҲֻһɲǶѣһɲǣȴǰһ亹
۾ʱǰģѾǰҹƵķ
ȻúᵶóǷȴǱԳзҪӾ޴ļ֡
սӢǬһ򾫻ȻǽȴҲӢǬķʽ뵽˵֮Уʤ֡
ִ֮£ֱâ˳ȥ
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
ҹ֮ǵϵ֮ڲϵĥţƺǲǰǹŸնƣĲһ㡣
ֿǱɱһҲЩ£ǷӦÿ죬ոһɾͳ˳ˡ
Ϊ𣿡ҹ𣬡˵
ڳֵ֮УͿҹ
Ȼ壬ǿҪƵĹâ֮У


381 ǰΪʦ

ֿɲʲôһֵĳƺţҲŴġ֮ǰʱ򣬴ССսҲ֪٣ûпѰ·ġ
䡭
ҹûκλڵس˹֮Уǹ˵һʹҹͰҹУھҵزţǳܲס˾޴ĳһ㡣
ָŶһ£ոΪĲ²⣬ƺЩҡˡ
ǣʵ벻ףһ۷֣ⵥ֮УҲһǱŰķݣΪϾҹǿħطߣҲܸȣǿǻ𻵵Ķ
κη˶ԷУͺԼȥԷĵһ־Եɵ£ôܴأ
ˢ
̽һѺڵѵڻػţǴӿʼڶûֹͣ˾ȵǣ˿̵ϵƾȻڲϵصš
׺ˣǲƵĵӶѣѵϣѾ֪ۻ˶صƣɻڲţ·ڵȴձһ̡
ڵ֮һӰų˳һ̣¶˺ۣƺһ֣һõ˵һ
ʵǿֲԣǿֲҹϣ¶͸¶һаϢֵǰһУŻᱻ˺顢ҧɡ
ǱƽĻܴҵһʱ뵽ݣһ̣û˵һΪǶĿ־塣
ҹ󣬺ȻһƬ⣬ǵıҹһѪֱ۴
ˢˢˢ
ÿһεĻӶ죬κ˶ֵط֣ϵƾȻһһεͻΪ۷塣
ҹҪʲô
ֶɻ֮УûȥκεԷĵѾǰ
ãɲǣڴǹɣǿ޷ܵѳ
һɽȻһ󲨶Ĺâϻ۶ϴҪϧһУɽõסһֲһ
ˣҲûиܵΣյĸоһΣıڸΣգʮֵΣգģǲܵסһĻ޵ؽӽ
Ĺâ˲ҪֵۣҲС࣬ҲЩֵˣȻжϲԼжˣ
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ҹڷ֮ڣѾܸоڸŷ׹ˣҲûκΰ취ʩҲΣ֮£ѲײģΪŻѷջȥ취÷ѹ
û뵽˾Ȼؿŷûһ˳֣ҹҪˡ
û취ֻŷһʧȥһطķֱͦͦȥĻǿɾʲôˡ
漴ҹҲʧҪö࣬ôȥĻӣ϶ʧøɸɾˡ
ɽϣʧҹ϶Цˣ˷ôľڷԪʮӷԼˣʵֵ顣
ҹЦˣҲ뵽ԭΪû̫Ԫ֮ⷨҪԪάֵģֻһ˿پ϶ҲȲһֵ
֮ڣԼܲܵԨĵײܵˣʧһǱòѾˣǷʣ̫٣ڵһˤ飬
˻˼ķ󣬱ڻ취άȥ¶ǵۣҪ벻취ǽͲǵۣǵˡ
طվͺˡۿŷ׹ٶԽԽ죬ӡĹâҲԽԽҹ
仰һ˵꣬Ȼһ⡣
԰طûܳ㲻㣬һѰ
սٶǿһһģȻСﴢ治̫ԪһҲҪģֻҪչתԪ֮Ȼڸߣⷨ󲻾ת
ҹԼͷһʼôĻӦѾȶˣҲ֪ûС
ҲܱȲðҹ͵һɿתս
һ֮£Ȼϲ⣬طӵҲ谭ش˷档
ϲǣͲЩڣֻǸոһ뷨ڲ֮ⲿ̾ͱʳˡ
һܸѸٵذѷסʡתԪĳ
ⷨӶᣬǲָ࣬ߵԪֻǺҲܱɡ
ֻɣֻǴڷڲ֮һԶչ
ܰںϵһһ߶ۼһų棬õˡ
ЩͷֻҹѣʵҲûʱȥֻ̫ܾ࣬ոⷨøӼڵ䵽Ԩ֮׵ʱܸһʱ䡣
䡭
ҹͷ䣬Ҳ֪ײʲôطһζһ졣
ﰵùŸոôһѾԨ˰ɣ
޴ĳʱѷ۵ЩɢıѣҹҲ˿С
ⶸȻ֮ıʣҹҪˣҪսһһӾܰѹͷɢˡ
ҹصһ̣ѾȫȻʧȥ֪
ٴʱֻΧòҲΪЩɫģмֹ졣
һɽȣΧһƬߣȫʯӲݶûеӡ
ҹһôˤûˤֱ˵˼㡣ҲԼû뵽ҪȻĻ˶ˡ
Ҫվȴֱ˵վҪһ¶ѡƤǣҲ֪ˤ˶ٴȻûбˤɵˤʧ䣬ҲǸ漣ˡ
ҹҲû̫ģսǿ֮ڴˣֻҪʱ䣬ͲˣЩ˴ȻͻȬ
οǣ֮ǰʶܵ˴ˣ˿ҲѾָ߳ɣҪ֪ʶ͵ˣĵ飬Уʶ˸Իָ
Щҹȫûκ⣬ֻҪ˯һ֮ʶָܻ屶ˡ
ʶָò࣬徹Ȼܶɼһ屻𻵵ĳ̶жˡ
ĬĬתսֻ˸ҲָܻøһЩİĵطҲ˹Ϣһֱһٳʲô⣬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
һ̱һսľȻΧһصĺɫ
ʲôδ֪ĺɫʣҹɲնˣһʱֹͣɡ
漴ͷ֣ɫȷֻǸͨЩͬɾ岻ͬҲûа취ֱ̫
ΨһԿ϶һ㣬ǳŨ˵ֱһãɵĶ츣أҲδؾܼһŨȡ
ҹ벻ף޶Ŷ֮£ôһŨĵطΪʲôǺɫģ
ֻǶһ֮ҹֿʼЩɫˣվָܾӲⶫʲôֻԺȥˡڵ״ûа취ȥ̫֪࣬ɫзգҲֻȥָ˵
Űʱ֮ҹߵƺǵһЩ̾µĺɫɫ޾һ㣬ȷǸĺõط
ͬʱҹҲСԭ׵һ˿֮⣬ֶһ˿ҲһֶԵ
ҹҲȷԼԭӦ壬Ԫܶ٣Ӧ׵Ԫͻ֮ǰ֮£̳˽ͷ޵ˣûɵĴ󲿷֣ͻ쾳ʱ򣬽С֮Уһ֮
ʲôԣҹҲ֪ǿ϶׵֮ǸԶģͱսת׵Ԫˡ
ڵĺɫԪҲһ϶һ޷սɣŻСɡ


386 С
ô˵СһߴϵĶεĸͽ
ȵﻹкܶôҪǵĻֻһԪӻ⣬ǵը˲ɡСͿԣֻҪ㹻ܸһϯ֮أһøԪ֮ദʵǸ˲Ķ
ҹһ̾ţһ߶ְϧСΨһȱݾԪ಻٣̫ˣֻһ˿ѡ
ڵĻʩչԪ֮ҹֱӶֵǿһﲻֻʤޡ
һҹѾȥǺɫкˣӷĴ󵨵
ɳɳ
ҹĦʶһɨȥ̷һͨɫСߣϸһ㣬ֻгѣнٶȴǳ֮졣
һ֮̽£ҹҲһСһȻĽ޵ϢǾͿҪٽһ޵żˡ
£һͷ˵һǿޣҹҲüͷ
Ҫʵָˣ˵ĽޣҲȥ¡أôȥԸޣ
ԷȻС޵ǿ񣬿ɲܰͷģСĽޣҲǶ׵ܱȵġ
ҹӦ԰취ҹȻڲԶڸûõ֡
̫أǽƤ⣬ˣҪǱ˵ĻûˤҲͲˡ
ĿǰģҲСԪ˵ʵе̧̫ˣӦý˿
˵˿ԪԸĽޣӦǴ´ˣҹָоǰСƺ򵥣ԪĻҲ֪Ը
Ĺ鵣ģҹ׼һԣֻҪԷһӽ֮̾׵֮նɱ˿ڻ֪ʲôЧܲûǲΪá
ոͷСͻȻֻͣ΢ϺɫС۾ҹ
ҹһʱСһ̲ͰװȣҪٳÿһĻ˵вٵŮӻϲء
ҹɲҴ⣬һһƻСߣװװͰҹƭˣǿɾЦˡ
С߿ҹǽ䱸СԴذţҲ֪ЩʲôͻȻڵϹµһȻУСһŴҹ
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ҹЦãСһʲô˼ַʽԼûж⣿
˵ǿС˼ˣһ޾ټɵˣҲȰɣҪǸ˵ĻҲ϶ǸĪСѲƵСɰ
ҹǲҴ⣬ϾҪʲôһͷûУֻܼŽ䱸СһĶ
ڣСƺҲҹѴŹҹ֮⣬Ͳǰӽˡǰͷҹ෴ķòΪҹһ
ҹӾ棬Ҫһʱ򣬶ִһʶ̽ȥֽ
Ҳ֪ôģ߶ȻֹһͷޣοɲССһһֻƻǻƱǱŸֺɫ׵׹ŵĴһ
ƺᵽҹζҲʶҹΣգһɽڣ̽طٶȡ
ޣ
ҹȻһոջûע⵽ʱһ̽飬Ȼ⾹Ȼһͷޣ
ҹп࣬һͷĽޣ˵жİܶԸû뵽֮Ȼһͷﶼʮֺޡ
ˤʱ򣬰ùˣ˵ˤΪ˸ޣ׼һݶڵʳ
ڶһ֮󣬻ǰţÿһ̤ڱϣʮСӯûз
֮ЩɫɢƺǱϵƸɢˡ
ҹʶڻţΨһ̵ģʶ޸ǿ˿ԪԸСĽ޻еЧԸ޵Ļһˣ޼¡
Ȼʶûȫָ£ʩչɱʽҲЩðգҲǿǷյʱˡ
Ѿӽҹʮ֮ڣһ̤ŻᶨĲӽӽҹǣСߣеоӣǰֱӣȻҪֹ޹
˵޿ޣǰСֻһûͻƵĽ޶ѣĽ۷壬޻֮𣬿϶ᱻԷ
û뵽޿СߣȻͣ˽Ų䷢ĵͺ񶼱ø
С
СûֻǲʱоӣȫûҪÿ·˼
ͣһ֮ƺǰʵǲķȦǻ
Сڵλãǽӽҹıؾ֮·ôƣСߵͷתȥ˿׼ŹԷ
ҹˣСðЩ֣ھȻΪԼ͸ˡѵ˵Сֻǲñˡʳ
Ԩ֮£ѵܵǿܺóʱ䶼ûгԹôʿɿڵʳˡ
ҹ뻹Щ־Щ˼飬ϾСҲֻĽ׶ѣΪʳҲҸ޽Ͼɣ޵ıܣҲô޴ľСԾôġ
𡭡ٴεͺһƺСߵ·Ϊǳ
΢΢ظһЩӣʼ̽ǰ
СҲ̾ǰ̽̽ӣƺǶ⻢޸˼ֵ⡣
ףҪͨ·ƱҪСһսƺܲѡ񣬵ûа취ѾƵҪıˡ
𡭡
ͻȻ죬һɫдпȥһ䵶ڿзžСնȥ
ҹһܾҪסУƺѾСߵԼߵһ
һ뵽Сֻ˿ԪСǵѶ㲻Űûж֡СҲЩģСһһסȻҲͲҵڶԷǰˡ
ȻСǹзɳʱ򣬻һûУзɵ˽ǰͻȻڵһŤȻԾ޴Ťŵ
һ²һУһ򻢱޿ʱٶȡֶΣյþ̶ȣҹҪΪһкˡ
ƺҲϵôףһ֮󣬱Ҳںˣ˭֪Сߴٶ֮죬ûҲ⣬еĹƺûа취ֻ̧צСȥ
ҹٴüǻҲʲôǵļһСȻһǹУԿƾ޷Ƕ˫ǿ츳ܡ
СĽޣķƴԿĿ϶ǲɱˡ
ꡭ
ҹţСߵҲһâһһߵĵâ
ǡ׵֮
ꡭ


387 ֮
ҹȵط֣Сʩչ츳ܣȻ׵֮ҶԷֻĽ۷ޣ۳ĵâȻһ
âշɳһڻ޵צϣʹŭһæ˻ȥ
⻢ҲǲݰѸһתҹΪҪܵʱ򣬶ԷβһСߵϡ
ž
С߱ݺˤڵϣ£˲ˣϾ𻢱޲ʵ̫Զˡ
ֻعͷһһСһһζ
ոһغϵĽȻС߳ԿһЩɻҲСߵ׵â˫Ҵ⡣
ҹﲻ̾һ£ԽԽϲСˣĽ޾͸Ҹ޶Կܱͨȵġ
ޱʵΪķ򣬲һ׵ޣͨͷ̧ûŵһؾѾ˲ˣοأ
ССһװȣԭΪǸ۶ĳޣû뵽Ȼ潻սԼǿôޣ˿ʵ̫ѵˡ
ҹһѾٴζˣȽǣȶľȻСߡ
ζţǰûǿڲһ㣬ֱŻ޶ȥ
޴ʱҲ˼ֽ壬ĳһ
һոµʱСȻȻҪʱ͵Ϯ
׼ſڴ󿪣һɫзɳҲǻƺõģһСڿУ޿ɱܣֻӲһǵĹˡ
һǹʵˣС߹Ҳͳ·硣
ǧһʱ̣Сߵβһҡ֮ٶУȻڿйµµ˹ûȫܹһѪСߵûնϡ
СವһƣȻ˻޵ϡ
ޱΪһе֣˭ֱ֪ʣŵȥȴôܰС߸˦æ̧һֻצӣСȥ
СҲ쳣˳Ż޵壬£ѾƵ˶ԷĲϡ
߿ںȻſðһɺ
ҹ۾ٴһû뵽С߾Ȼ츳ܣһǸոʩչ׵֮ڶȻǸոɫˡ
ҹҲ̾ͲСĺɫɽĺɫֻͬɫЩѣϸĻӦһ޵ľ綾
ͬʱӵ׵;綾츳С߹Ȼһ㡣
⧲һɺţʱһ򣬲͵˵ϡȻϷһ׹⣬ҪǿаǶһ㡣
ͬʱ޸ŭɶ̧צСץȥ
Сһ쳣Ķôץģһ£Ȼֲֻ̧ϡͷ߸Ȼҧȥ
ŭһ嶼΢΢һǶȻܲ˵ץȥ
СƺҲûзӦȻ汻һצӸץ˵ϣֶ˼Ѻۡ
һе֣ưոݣһֻצҲѾ̧ҪС߸룬ġ
Сγû˷ֻ֮ؿצŬҹתͷȥƺٿһۡ
ಡ
޵צڿУ䣬Ǳһ֮סζˡ
С΢΢һ£̾ʲôȻûȴٿһݺҧ˻޵ϡ
Сߺҧţ޺ţ߾һ˭һҲˡ
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޻һ£ͨ˵ϣ˵һȻѾӲˡ
СƺҲŷӦɿͣ΢΢ҡСԴͷҹȥ
һ֮󣬲ЩѵŲ壬һ㻺ҹȥ
˿С˿ڣȥ֮ǰ˼һھҹɵʱûͣȻ˹ȥ
ҹС߹ҲûղŶԷҲΪСһĿɰҲΪСҲ׵֮ΪԷǻ޸ɱˣڶСЩ²ɱ֡
˵˽Сߵ֮Ҳ֮ǰôģ׵绹Ǿ綾˵вܵаȻҲͲõˡ
С֮ȴûҧֻСԴϲ˲䣬ȻͷҹߣһֻСǰˡ
СһѵǸоҲ׵֮԰ҵͬࣿҹɻţȥƺֻ˵ͨһЩ
ô˵һ£һвһһ޳ﱣڡֻڣڵҲֹ̫ۡ
ͷȻǱˣ֮ǰҲȷ˶ԷһǹУûҲˡץ˼ǣСһϾ̫СһЩҵȽϸԷ̫࣬ûѾǺˡ
֪׵ָ֮ܲܰҹ׵֮ˣżǿЧ
ڵܿٵػָţҲսǿ󣬶֮ǰҲù׵֮ȥָС䣬ȻûаѶԷ׾ȻЧȴеġ
뵽ҹǿ̧ƣḲСߵϡ
С߶һ£ҹ֣Ҳû̫
ԥһ֮ҹ̰һ˿׵֮ģ뵽Сߵڡ
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СҲ̾ͲˣҹڸˣϺС۾ﶼǸмԴٲ˲ҹ塣
ҹЦҲˣֻһ˿׵ֻ֮ܰôˣ㿴ڣԼָˣȵȵȰɣָȻκˡ
Сˣҹͷٲһ¶Է֮뿪һҹڵϢ
СһȻûȬҲѾûд󰭣ҹҲᣬȫָԼơ
ɽҲ̫ҹҲ֪˶ʱ䣬ӸоϣӦһˡ˿Ѿܹվ濴ȥûʲô󰭣ֻҪ޶ɽ˴򶷵Ļǻǲ̫еġ
ҹԴصһΣǴ׹ӵѣҲûô
Сߵȴû̫ĺתҹЩ֣ΪʲôԼ׵֮޸ƣСҲ׵츳ȴȫûⷽأ
ѵĻָΪ׵֮Ϊ׵սתģ
ҹŷ֣СƺĺɫҲ֪ӽĽ۷ʵôġ
ҹ˿Ҳ֣ͷһ⣬Ҳûһ൱ȫĵطСۺ׵֮Ҳûĵ͸Сߡ
ʦ֣ǰʱ򣬾⸽һСϾֻСһٶ̫죬һת۾ͱܵˣҲ֪ܲҵһ洫
ҹһǲ˼㣬ոհһ˿׵֮СˣȻв֮ʹɽȡ


388 ħ
ҹҲû뵽Ԩ֮£ȻţһֹһԷĶԻȻ⻹ˣѵ޶Ԩ֮ɵ
ò˵ҹǱˣԭһֱڷţ׵֮һֱᶯڸոһȻɵʿʵЦѡ
ļΪߣһûУʩչЩֶΣŻһЩˣҲ̫ѡ
찡ô£ƱȻˣʲôô˵ѾߣֻΪɫ̫أԲûпҹ
ﲻʲôްɣ仰ʱ˶˸
ǲ켶ΪƱɱǿޣǿ϶ΪԷĿʳܵĻᶼûС
ԣƱǱǿɱǶȻᱻʳôʬһԴȴʮŵ˵ΪԼҲˣŻܵˣƱɲǺöԸģһܸܾѾܲˣǰң˵ҵһͷʬûƾǼ˸ʵӦҲ㹻ɱˡ
Ů毺ãĿ鶯һϮɫȹԵǲһյС˿̲סҪĳ嶯
ʦùȻˣʦ˼һ£̸Цʦøһ̾˵ĺԺҪԵöҪʦð
ʦ˵ЦˣҲ˵Щ²ˣ벻ǣҪǰһСΪá΢΢ͷϲûΪʦֵĿ޶¶ʲôϲɫ
ʦòõģʦΪ㵣ţʦţƺ˸ղ˭ţִӻͳһҩöͻ켶Ϊ֮ʱڹΪǵҲֻȼţʦȥɡ
лʦ֡ʦÿҩǰһæ˹
ǺǣˡʦָոҪ׼䣬Ϳһ죬ǵҩȥʱſڽ࣬㡭ôھͳô
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⡭ҩʮǿҪ㣬ⵤҩʱһҪһΪ㻤ҩܲ˷ѵҩʦһʹϧּæʦܣٲ쿴һ£û޳ûûеĻȥȿס
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ҹһΣǸʦò²ûǲ࣬СڵҲ̫ã⻹æ£Щ˽С֮󣬻ܼһֻĽ׵ȥ
СǿԣЩˣҲ֪ĸɵˣԼİ˳ʲôӦ
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СƺҹĻȴûԶӣһ굽ҹ
СһȻҪ䲻͵ϮҹСߵľٶһξ̾Сʵ̫òҲʲôãҧһԷĸ켶ɱ׵ġ
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һʱҹҲ֪Ҫôش˵ǴɽϵģԷ޶ʲôϵĻԼΣա
Ǹ޶ûϵóȻڶԷɵеˣ϶ҲԷɸֵע⣬ʱҪˣºѣⲻûжˡ
ʦ֣ҿҪ˵ͻȻɫһ䣬ҩ⵽ʲôҩ
ʦְвã벻ҩЧô죬ҲǺ£ɲ̫ʺˣֻæܵȻǵʦԵȣɱ֮ͣΪ㻤ҩ
˵Ѹһ֣ʾ˰ҹɱ
Ȼ΢ϢǸոԼʱ򣬾ȻһشȻˣҪأֻҪڰɱˣʦֶԼˣʱͿԺúʦ毺õˡ
ҪҸӺʵĵطҩѾȥֻýһ£뵽ӯӯһյС¿ˮ
˵ƫƧɽȣԨյأܰŮ˱ڻҲһܷŹֻᣡ
ʦһƣʦֵ˼ҹȥ

û˿ףݺһƣȻʦ֣֮֮ݣȫʦֵ֮⡣
һʦֱһȴ׻û˵
ƺҲ֪ԷԼıϸһ˿Ц⣺ʦôˣʦֿûе㰡
ҹȥĵҲһ£ʲôĿһҹǱȥ
޳ܡɫ죬Ҳü٣ؿڲϵš
Ҳ֪ԷԼԵģʲôǵҲԼ⣬Ȼô׾ǵ
ŭһ֮תҪɽ֮ܡ
ҩɢԽѹƣȴɢþԽһȥٹƬ֮ܵĻᶼûˡ
ʦȥĶһ͵ǰԽԵýεףʦ˵ҪΪ㻤ģȻʳԣģʦⷽǺо飬ֻ֤ҪպһĸңǵҲԻΪ
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Ů˲Ҫˣҹʶ۵ΣƮǰҪӽԷһ㣬һôƯ椶ķϣܿùҵʶһҾһһǺǡ
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С˷ܵԾһͲҹĸ첲ϡ


391 ô
ս򷽣ʳΪãЩԡ
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ҹҹЩػص
ҽæصԥһֵһᱨġ
ô𣿡ҹһ䡣


392 δ
ʱɫ죬òҲֻСˡ
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Сҡͷֱ˦˳
ΪʲôҪҹӲ⣬ҲܿóС߶ͷ޵ȥ˺ǡ
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磬ҵһЩ˵һ²ֿڣʮħԨ֮ԱӡգΪǧǰħԨдϹħϣ˵Ͼһ壬ħԨһֱ˵ֻҪϾѪҺ֮޺ƳҩͻħԨ޷ͻһ¥ʱܴħԨĽ磬ʱܼ⣬ָֻϾûһ¶ѣҾǼˣϾʵҲһܿģԴû˵õҲ֪Ϣ١
˵ʱ򣬷Сڶ۾ﶼǷŭϢæͣ䷨Ȼһɢʱ϶˻ҵͷҪԵϾһŹ˼ǣñ˵õȡߡ
䷨ȷŲ̫ãҹεûƽؽһ䣬Сߣ˵Ŀɶԣ
СĬĬص˵ͷƺǶҲΡٿ˸ĸһۣתͷɿתҹƺǲ뿴ҹֵȡ˵Ļ档
Ҳ̾˿Ȼ޵˶˵Ǿ޴ıأۼСͨ飬Щȥ޵ʬ
㲻ֻ֣Ǳ˱ˣ磬ȡ˰ɡջȰ


393 ħԨ
żԵˣħԨκһ˵Ǿ޴ĲƸûǸ˵ܻܾο˭֪Ǹ˵ǲأ
ܵõϾԵˣֺηȥһԣƲ˽磬ҲΪܴһ¥Ҳʲôܵ顣
ο⻹СԼҪģְ͵ĺô֮ģҲһ޷ȥܾջ
ҹֻǿһۣתͷͷϾ޹֣λǰҹհǵĺӴߣһỤȫλģΪһΪλһ㷨󣡡
˵һҾתͷȥ
磬㡭ɻŶԷıӰЩҪʲô
ޣѵĸĸҹСߣȻأҲȡҲñȡ
Сһ£ҹϣ˲͵˶Էļͷϣͷҹ
£û뵽ҹ־תͷٿһޣҲ첽ҹ˳ȥ
һߺܿߵ˶֮⣬ҹ̧ͷһ̧ۣҹ
СವһԾԶؿҹһС
СߵĶҲæһԡ
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ڵնʯϣе˶֮һ㣬޴ʯڣȻҹ׾ٵն˼顣
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ʯһһ£ƽ絶еľʯһ𣬾ȻȻһ㣬û˿Ϊĺۼ
̶ʮʱ䣬Ǹ޴ĶţѾڶľʯȫסվҲֻΪǸͨɽ壬벻澹Ȼһ޴ɽʬ档
ףҹҪþʯ㷨ӡԺ䷨ɢˣ˵Ҳᷢʲô
˵ԼȡҲñȡһջһʱ䣬Ӷ˼ҹôˣȻ˵ջܲġ
ȵӦʱ򣬲ŷҹЩ֪롣
ֻ֪ϣ㲻Ҫ⴫ҹ֣ص
ģæʾҵҪصܣҾҲй¶ȥ
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νɽɽѣ֮ǰƾһɾǿһ·ڵɽʱٿеɽ·ʱüͷҲòҹȣ治֪Ҫôȥ
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ҹ⻰Ҳ̾һжϵһҪȥˣ
֮ǰѾӦϿƺǿĽƣÿÿʶ̽飬ʶ֮ɽȥһ㣬жеҹҲͷ۲ѡ
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ʣµҲʮСɣڱȽǿһЩģڵħţΪһЩƫƧڣԲħע⣬𽥷չ
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˵ħԨ쳣㣬ǿҲ۷壬Ҳ޷һǶôž޵Ŷһ
˵Ϲħ䣬ΪħԨ˭ûа취ȥֻⰵյĵط긴һ꣬ոһգиߵľ׷
˵СĵСߣ˼ò˵µҲΪϾġ
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ħԨЩŵ֣ʹ֪ЩǴ˵еħźˡħԨĺɫƺҲĲһпħŵĸ
ȻҲЩųħŵӣȴûпӵġļˣÿĶֺڰ˵ħŵ洫֮ء
Ҫ˵ħӡĻЩԼӡԼĵӵģҪ϶ҲǱ˸ӡ
캰Ҫħĸ˲ѱǰûʲôǿߣһųħ֮ģʮħԨħŸݵأһٷӡˡ
˵һٷӡʮħԨɲڵҹġһˣǻҪͨ죬ɽһĸˡ
磬ҪħԨĽ磬ҲһʱģһҪȥأͻȻʵ
ƾһ˵Щ⣬Ȼ˶ҪƷӡȥħһˣǼãлһԡҹ
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394 ħ
ԬϣǸ޳֮ͽ϶⸽һҪҵȻʦúͼλʦΣӣ
ԶҹûзӦѾŭɶΪǸҩͼв֮µ
磬߰ɣԬħŵĴϣΪţѾڣʱܸһǷŭ̾侲æȰҹ뿪
ֱСڣǺڵģҲ˵ǰ׵ģԬϿ϶ҹһʱ϶һս
ڣҹĻȴ΢ЩʧħڵʵȷôҪҵ۷ĻҪȥħħԨһֶ̫ˡ

ԶϡԴǼλѰߵһλԬ֮⣬ĴŶЩˡ
Ҳ֣ԬѾ֮µһˣ㲻һҲǰ״
ʦ֣˵Ǹаһоɱһʦܣ³ʦɫлŵϣʦ綼Ķˣôܻ˲ʵ
㲻֪Ǹ˲׼񣬶ص̬ĵصۿʦõɫҳɱһòʦ֮⣬ʦҲ¶˴֮ɫܵÿ죬˧òҲҪǷ˵ı֮డ
Ȼ̶ֳ̬ȣĵӶһ󺮲ˣһҪԶһ
ҪҵĻԸ˵ĺðһеӣɫЩ԰׵ص
Ҳô˵ʦ״οֻλʦܺʦ뿪ЩϾҵ֮ˣЩһ࣬ȥ̫⣬Ų׷ĸ߾磬ܵǵ۷壬յһЩССĥѣʲôأ
Ԭ΢΢ףڳӣԶȻ˵Ĵ
λĵҲ֣лʦָ㣬ʦܽˡ
ÿÿЦڶԷֱģʦܻʲôĻʱ䵽ҷ䣬һһΪ𣬶Ҳ̫ģҲûǰ㲻ɽܡȿȡǻ˵¶ɡ
ȥĴҡһæֳæغҳһˡ
Ǻǣλʦܻ󰡡ͷЦ
ǰǰҶһЩӲЦš
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ﰵμǣһˣȻСӽȻԼʵģǾǶԷ˲ԼҪʲôĵĶҲδӰ
УСӣҲ走ڲʲôӣô츳ãŮͨ԰
ŻҹЩ˶ʱһŻ
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395 Ա
֪ҲȥҹԬϵ棬˵ҪɱһΪ
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ڽ֮УһСҹļϣԲɫС۾˿һ顣
һͷԬϸܷŹˡǰ˵ĶǼٻһĽ׵ϾҲ㹻ħԨĸͷ
ϾѰοһĽ׵Ͼ˵ʵܶԸķΧ֮ڣֻǧѷ꣬˭˶Ź
Ȼֻһ˵ɵаܣаᣬЩħԨǧɣ㾡ȫҲȥһ¡
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αÿԣҹЦ۾дűɱ֣ȴ˵ʲôһûҪһҲ䣿
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ħŵĵһʯԬϿڵһ֣ΪǰСҲԬϵһУû뵽ȴǷˡ
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ҹû˵ĴֻͣһԼƣţòѾָ˰˳ɵʵħԨĺڰǱŨöడȻҲָܻô죡
˳ɣô˵⻹ǶԷȫԷֻǰ˳ɵѾɰѴϸķˣҪȫָ˵ĻŶǶְ
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Ҳҹûɱ˵ʵ͸ոһƸܵУȫԣҲⲻһҹɱͲʲôƣһƾˡ
ҹǰѵϣһЦ˵㲻˳ˣҵĵڡǲˡ
һŵɫò԰ֽﻹ֪ҹ˵ʲôͨһ͹˵ϣǰǵħûдʦõ⡭ֻҪǰһԸǰһӶů
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ôҹתͷŽӹԬϵĻ
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ţҲСԬϵǸˡҹ˵ͷŰһƿӵľ
ӲǵӺˣԬ϶ʯˡ
Ҫ֪ǾͬСɣˣҲѲƤҹ
㿴ӣҪƤ𣿸о͸Իһ
˵ǱĵҩˡԬϰЩóȥʱ򣬾ѾûָҪʲôۿҹԻһһſŰѵҩȥǸоԼҪܲˡ
ҹһƿǵͳ鴤һ£鴤ƤЩľˡ
ڰеƿƿ޹޶ɨһ飬ҹͣ
ԬСشǰֵǰԱ𣿡
ڵӣ
ҹصͷŵĵΪһ㣬ⵤҩҵҲָòˣл
ԬϵƤ̲ס鴤һ£æַס֪ǰ·˵أɻʲôҪ𣿡
仰˵Сʵ̽ҹ⣬·רħŵġ·ĻҲˣҪרĻ͵ˣ
˵ǶϾܸȤǲǣҹʵ
ҡԬϻħԨ˭ϾȤҶ˵
ҪϾ޷Ҫƿ磬ҿ԰ƿȤ𣿡ҹЦ


396 ħ
ƿ磿Ԭ΢΢һָշ򣬡ǰ˵Ľ磿
ȻĽʲôãҹĵ
ԬϵɫЩŹ֣ʵˡ
ĽǧƣҪǻô˵ԬֱˣƭҲôɵƭⲻƭǺؿ̰
ϾðħʮħԨܵħͷӡֳ飬ǶţΪʲô˵ƿӡ磬㷴ţҹȻǿ˶ԷɫҲµ˶Է˼Ͼҵѣ˭ôˣȻ㹻ʵпܴ磬ǻкĿܣһ˵Ǽϼ۷绹ϣģڷҸ˵ҲⲻˣҼħŵŰɡ
⡭ԬЩǣλɷǿǲ߰Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
ôħž˵ħ֮⣬ǿһСȥ飬Ȼ³ӣҿԶҲûгͷĻˡҹԷСӣ治һµġ
ԬҲЩգСǸոҹһưܣȷǰòᣬԳ֣Ҳһ̶ֳȡ
һ룬ҹҪʤһ棬ɲֻһˣڶĳһ֣ҹһ˻ܸһ֮⣿
һתͷѾͷѾˣԼȥҲ㲻ȥǲҪǶԷˡ
ǰ˵ЦˣֻħûʲôöԺúкǰԬæЦ˵Ȼǰż棬Ҳһܸǰĸ͡
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һԬϴ֮£ħŵķȥҲеӣڷԬܵķԸ֮ȥʰʬ塣
⵽ų֮ӣǾ²ˣδóϵǶġ
磬Ԭȥ㣬ҹ˵ҪȥڲϵĶӣʱڳϿ϶ưոݣҲδؾܴƽ磬ϻϾʱһֵġ
Ҳû̫ѡ˭֪ħжٵ۷֣˵Ļƽͻѣÿһ۷ҶҪȡҹȻغһ裬ֽӷϣΪϾҪҷĻҲһɣ
죬Ҳ֪ٶȰҲûá
ҹʵʵҲ̫Ϊһγ֣ûоȫһѵһɵ
룬͵ۿһҹֻ˵ڹģûʲôܶҡͷ
ԬϷԸȥħһһӽҹһ
ԬԼûлħﶼѾ׼ˣҪԸҵİҹЦ
ĵŵɫˣ֪еıǿҹһƻԬϵʵҪһˣһƵĻǿɾͲˣֱӾɢˡ
ˣԬΪΪ˵ҪЩõǰûе˼ǵҲǴæ뵽һ˵ǡ
ţһĶҪԸҵĻûôסҹЦ
ҲûȥΪһССĵӣȥоǰǵɽ𺣣Ҳһüͷӡ
վȴһƬġ
Ҳ֪ʲô飬УҪʦ⣬ôԹۣţҲ첽˳ȥ

ħϣĴƮĻ档
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ʮֿʮϷ߶ҹһ࣬ٴһ㡣
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һΪڲڳϿճ˵λڱŭ֮УҲ֪᲻ͻȻɱˡ
һŸֹģצʮӵĺɫϣһʮңȥ䲻ˡ
һ˫۾ﲼѪ˿էһ۾ǺɫһЩϢ
ȻħеˣЩֹϢҹҲû⣬󲽾̤ǰȥ
ҹ˺ɫ۾˹ɱڳϵĶӣҲħŵĵϵСߣҲĽ׵Ͼɣ
Ħ죿ȻʲôˣͲٶһˣҹŶԷѪ۾Ҫһ£ҺдƽĻᣬҪҪһ£
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𣿡ҹЦ΢һ֣С߾ϣСҵѣҲЩ׳յĵһ⣬ħͲԶˡ
ǺǣܿСӣĦϷһ˿õɫ֪һƻԬϣԬϲֻڵʵһƻ㲻ʲô£ĪΪħľûܿ𣿡
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ҹҲû뵽ԷһоȻó˷
ͨǽһҲûа취һܹƣһ㶼ֵ߽Ŀ϶ҵԷĿյ֮󣬲Ż÷
һŷȥԷ׾ܱܹҾǵӼţȴӦӣΪͬһķ֮ܽǹ̶ģ޵ӡ
ҹ־ǰŵ׷ʵҲֻԼӴ˹ͷΧڵĵ˵˫Чﲻ
ڵˣֻҪϼʱķżֱͿԺߣͿһͳ磬Ϊ֮ˡ
ҹĦһ֣֪̾Щһ㣬ȻǻŵһһɺӿžͳԼ˹ˡ
֮䣬ϱ仯ſµӣʱ裬ʱޱڣһ֣ǿҵɱϢڵش͸
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ͬһϸæץסǰħʮʦ㵽ˣҲᱻ˵
硭ȻĵҪȥ
˰ɣ˵ǸСٺãⰵħҲֻ·һˣȻѾעֺαٹȥˣ޺ҡҡͷ˵Գ֣ʦҲ֡


397 
ȹҵҪᡣ
޺ȴǵȻҡҡͷɵѾͷŵʱо֮ǸĻҪҲˣˣǶԹǾȫûˣҲǷʲô
⡭һʱ֪ô죬ʦĻȴôͬ
Ÿոͻ켶ܶҪħһǰ֮ħһ;ϣûʲôԺʹֻҪǰ·ϵһУǶԹҪһնƣܸһĻֻħĴңʱΪҲᱻЩνĶǣվѳɴ޺̼ŵӣĸߣٹ꣬ɾ϶ˮ֮£ɲҪΪЩ£Լ
ǡʦ֪Լ粵ҲֻĬĬͷ
ȴȻûа취˵Լȥҹɱ޶ԣһʱ֡
޺Ҳ֪Լͽܵ飬ԷǻҾı飬ҲüͷﵹǸҹЩԹ
Сӣˣȴͽܵħģٳȥƣܳڶ
סŵʱ̲סĿ䵽Ƭħĺϡ
˵ҹڰħУӦѾˣ̾ȻɢѵСӻû
ôţڿʼɢˣɢٶȷǳ֮죬һ޴ĳڰ̸ϵسһ㡣
ʹ죬Ȼʹ죬ҹĶӣżϷĦ죬ħԬϵЩҩóԣá𣿡
磬ûϲؽеҪʦţܾҪȥˡ
޺̳Ȼͽôʧ̬ҹûոյĽҲȻ⿪Ҳ˿
ͬʱҲҹȥУǸӢһˣЩţԷȻ˰ħϵ˶ûܣҲ˼Ȥ
ҵȻûħҪɱҿ»ûôףҹȻ
ţɰħ޵ĺӣϰҵ£˵˵ţٸΪѡ޺̿ҹһصӣ˼
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Ħɫһ£ԬϵĻ֪СӲöԸԲصķҪһٰСӴˣͺöԸöˡ
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ҹǱҪƷģȻħţȥţ
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˵СѾͷе˼ˣ޳Ҳﾡã˳ˮ۰ɡ
ʦҹûлش޺̵Ļʵ
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ʦ㡭󾪣ûҹ֣ǿˣȫֵʦ޺ҲҹĶ֣οʱ˴⣬ء
ôΪʦûģ޺̻ΪǹңЦŰοԷİɣΪʦúԪġ
ЦɲǶʦûģǶҹʵ̫ˡԪҹҹӦǺܰȫģȫֵҪҹ˲ġ
磬㡭ʦٿҹôǰҲ޷˵ֻ˵ؾѾס
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л磡ϲ
һԵ޺̳Ҫѵ⼸ҹû뵽Ȼӣɫʱ
Ȼһ仰û˵꣬ⷴӦǰԼͽܿǰһĶˡ
޺ֻ̳ôеĳϣݹŹֵЦһͽƵġ
һŭʱһ죬֧ȣֱУҪúøҹһѵ
һȻڵʦЩŭǺôղдʱҪȫһЩ
СӣĵγҼʶһһ֮Ī˵һƣֻҪһϰ벽ҽͰΪʦ޺Ҳŭͷϵ糱ӿ𣬼ȥòײվΡ
Ҳû⣬ʱֻ뵽һ£ˣҸҪ֣


398 ˭Ҫ
ɫЩţ޺ЩСѾͷһֱûпʵԶĲŻ᲻ģӦ֪ˡ
֪ڵʦ⻰ҹŭˣһԼĽҲ֪޺̳ϻ᲻ֱѪ
εԸҹûдɱ˭һǱɱҪõöࡣ
İҹīû˿һͨòͨķ
ٿ޺Ǳߣǿȿ׻ľƣľѾγԼһ˿Ƴɱ֮ȻԪ֮طӳ
Ե޺ҹεʱǱҹˣ˵֮ԣϼ޻ҹʵģŰԼ̿
ȻôһҹҲ˱һϣ̾ͷҲ˸£ǰͨĺڵȻȲʹĿȣ˵޺˿ȣǿռ˴˵ġ
ûзĸλϣȴǷ˶ߣǿǱҪ˽ֵ޺̳ϵġ
һȥϣ㲻Ҫڣıϵȷһһϳ֮󣬲֪᲻ʧأҹЦһŲѾ޺̳ȥ
ٶȿȥ죬ֻȻͿҪ޺̳ϵĸǰˡ
޺ҲǳһʹҲ֪ҹʲôѹС
˿Ҳף֮ԻôԼҹҲԭģƾôһеĻǻǲЩ
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ڣĦ죬һ֮ܰˣȴûаսնϡ
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˼˸֮䣬ҹİҹѾ̧𣬺ǧһ㡣
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ŶҲ֪ħطҹΪֻˣŻ֪ħط֣ħԨҲⶫҲһġ
޺أħطħԨ϶ôӡ
ʥħʲôϵ޺̵Ĳʵ
ʥħڣѵħطֻʥħڵ˶𣿡ҹɻһ¡
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ħźųħһɣǸħȣǲÿɲһҪħڵĸ֣¶ԷǵĶ֣ɱˣ϶鷳
ǣҹҡͷԼ𣿡
ǡɡĦһ£Ҳǿڵ
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ħطħԨҲʲôصĹһֻҪҪѧ׾ѧ
ͬģʥħڵˣѰħطľ磬ҹˣȻѾһ֣ԴҲŻһʱ²⡣
ڵ֪Էʥħڵʱ˵˾֮⣬һ̰
ܰСץʳװħطķţ󣬲ֿһſ
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ȻԷ˵ʥħڵģħطһ־ܿóԷмֳɫصƣǲһ۳ġ
һʱ䣬޺̳ϲҪҹˣҲôԹԵذԼΪʦǽƽƶԴΪģһԪ
һɫԪϵ޺̳ϵǰҶ޺ƴҪˣĸо
ոյ޺̻ڿ˵ҪԷһж£ӿȥͺһѳʵУھȻһȥ˲ͱƣŰ򰡡
ӣҪϱϣֻҹһֻҪûԼꡣһСôĻҲû˵óʲô޺ҲĳϣȻҲһķʽڶԷһ֮²ܣǳɹˣûʲôʵġ
޺̾ûʶһһԪͣؼӳڿ֮ϣһ˻꣬˦һŰܷǱһڰĵǸһ޺̳ϵˡ
ȥħŵĳǶЩˣҹղűֵòҲڽųӰɣ޳ôˣôСøһ
Ů˸ոջţҪ˼ҰΪʦֶҪǳɹˣ˼ҵͽܣ
ҹҲû뵽λ޳ϾȻ̶ֳȣһӶҪֻž䣬⾫Ҳˡ
λƲǰû鰡ҹǸпǳЦ
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ۡ
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ĳɫҲЩŹ֣Ҷ̵ú࣬ʵ޺̳ϵ˵̫ˡ
ʲô˼ҳѿ֮㶼ݶˣ˰Ϊʦ˼ҵĿҲȲƤ
ҪСˣҹŶԷǰһغɫԪҲЩҿɲ󣬵ҵĵңôʦŵģҸǵҵʦǶһ޴ڹǣסһҲŲѱܡǿ̫ûˡ
ϻ˵ҵħ֮ˣľһǰֻҪ϶飬ζҪﵽֶΣȻԺԲƣ޺ֱ׳˵
ⷬȻһزҪĳҲħˣ˿ȴҲмͬ
ħˣΪܵĵħܴڣɼֻҪܴﵽĿģκֶζΣȥؿǡ
ţ˵öԣҹⷬƺҲͬˣţҪҪǷʱ޹֮ٿʼһʱʤǻһЩ
ҹ⻰һ˵޺ôƤˣɫҲùŹղżҴҵذһԪɷȻ˦һǻƤҪȡʤ
ҹ֮֮㲻ҪЪȿڲ裬ʲôʱԪˣĵòˣЧҲʧˣȥ㡣
Ѿڱ˭ʵǿڱ˭Ƥ񡣵޺̳ϵĺƤǰҹû˭ȥ˵ʲôˡ
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399 ˭
ˢˢˢ
ҹ޺̱ѾԶʱǽǰ̤ÿ̤һеİҹͻ仯һΡ
仯˶һкһеĳнӣΪҹûаͻƣŻú̽ǵ˵ʱ˵ɫˡ
ҹƽƽ羵֮ˮƣȻ˰ٳ߾ˡ
ҹĵûе޺̵ߣǹĵѾһһǵϡ
˵޺ǰ̵ķǰԼΰĻ֣ᷢԼȫôҹҪư
ɫԪϣԪ֮ҪҲͣ޺̱ΪǴ˿ҹӴ֮£ϵҡβţʱܻһ㡣
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˵һжʤҹȴһƫƫû˵ʲôϾҹնģҲֻһѡ
ն
ҹһֺȳҹںȻն¡
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˭֪ЩԤһ㣬ǲµϣȻûһҹĵƶһ١
ҹԼЩˣ޺̵սϣԬϻҪһЩǺԬϵʱҪأһ˶ԷҹžԵİգҪ˵һɵп־ĲõķƺЩ̫Щ
ʱҹһһγɵĺɫǡ޳ϲڵǸһǡ
û˰ɣ޳л˵Ʋҵķ͹Թ԰Ϊʦɡ
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ֻһ֮䣬޺Ҳ֪˶УȻÿһڹֻҪ˰ҹ̶˷飬ȴǲͿ࣬˿ͣٵŬš
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ŶҪôŹ㣬ҹζ˵
ĦĻشڳڳҲһ
ȻĴ𰸣ǴĦȻûȥԷܴԼ仰ѵҹŶԸ
ҿԸһᣬϾǱڵҿԲ㣬Ħ˵ʱ۾ɵžâҲΪͽȴΪħڵĳϣǴϡ
ڳϵɫЩŹ֣Ԭϲ仰֪θ룿
˵أҹ̧Է
㲻Ϊõħţֻһ۷ɣĦƺʤȯյ˵㣬ħڲϣѾڶ֮ǰͽ۷壬ҹһ֮л۷𣿡
ָһǸǽ֮УȥΪǱ˽ƣһ˶Ǹ𣿡ҹĿ⾼ʵ
ĦĿȻһϵɱ޼ɵһ֮£Եøӱ˼֡
˭ҹȴ˿ûԷı仯һΪʲôҪûıòڻҲдˣ˵ǰɣڲϣ


400 ڵ
ҹ⻰һ̾Ȼ󲨣ڵŵĳϣһ붼
Ȼ֪ҹ˵Ǽ٣ȴһŴ˵Ħ쿴ȥƺ뿴Էǲš
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ȥǰ˱ĦӻҪ˼꣬ͷϵͷҲǻ׵ɫ۾ĦѪ죬ȴһֹ죬֮вͬġ
ڲϣһ˵ӣ̾ϳԷһ𿪿ʡ
λҪţǰձ˰㣬ЩˣίʱӹħһˣڲĿһתָҹСƫƫʱħڣҿ͵Ϯ֮Īϵ˵Ǹ͵Ϯ֮ˣ㲻ǣҲ϶ħŴ̽ϢģλһѹСӣҲΪű𡣡
ڳһҲ׷վڲǰ
˵еҹͻȻħţһţ϶ͼıġ
ڳϣ㲻ôϳ𣿡ҹһǺǺЦڶĳϣ֮ǰɱһħŵӣֽ˵ǸһһֽеħĶŶҵǸոǰλڳϵĶӰɣ
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ǰôûСصùİҿˣҪȻɵҪʮעС
ߣɱҶӵĳҲˣıˣͼħţĿڲϵ
Ǹ˵ˣҹûڲĻЦڶ೤ϽͣҴһʼ͸о̨ŵϢЩŹֱ֣ղŲڷֱȻʾϢħһ޶ڲҲǴҵˣ֪ʲôͻƵ۷尡
ף˲ԡ
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˼æŤͷȥͼڲ沿һ鴤
ȥҹ˵ľȻģƵĴڲһԴͷ˾ܻᴫȾһ
ħô޳˵òħ߾ҪһǰΪ˴ﵽĿ꣬һֶνԿʹãڲŭĿӡ
һƤ޺̶Щ֪仰׸˵ԻǴˡ
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ڳϸһƷ仰һǳ˸һ²ĸоֻһŻ
㾹ȻҲܲµݲ㣬ڲͻȻɫһ䣬۾ϷʵĹâΪħطгɣҲֲʥħڵˣҵǿԸһᣬΪҵ衭
ȥܲˣħŵ̫ӣͲֵܲģȸһҹɫ䣬´򲻹һֻǾø˽ʵ̫ġ
֮䣬Ѿ쵽˴ſڣ涼ڶ೤ϵ
٣ϣΪű𣡡
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ǰһŮ꣬ʮֱ£ֻҪǰϳ־Ը͸ǰС檡
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޳϶̸ܸ͵ޣܳҹȵ˵ЩҶûʲôϵƾʲôȥأ
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ֿʼ˺ǣֻǰǿ˶ѣҹƲƲǣЩ˵ҲԼֱˣҲûסңʱħŻǱƿأֻЩ֪ѡ
ҹΪȥ𣿡ڲ˿Ʋ
װˣûаңڿ°ͲߵԶԶģⱲӶٻˣʣħžΪΪɣҹĵؿ˶ԷһۣȻˣͲҪ˵Щˡ
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ħáڲĿ˸š
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ҹʵǿᣬħռʱ˺ͣҲܻҹأĶܵҹϣ˹¼ҹˣڴǰôҲû뵽
ǰһҪˮ𰡣
ĳҲ֪ҹ̣ҹˣԼЩΪãֻڲ³
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ľӪôãڲҸԶģҹˣҲʧʲôڲˣѪͻ᳹װ׷ϡ
ҹʱ򣬴ĳ϶һɫħŻᷢʲôѾǲֹˡǾģκҲͲڲĶ֣ʵ̫ˡ
ҹħһ֮պκҪĦ춼ħŵݣȫΪһͻȻ𣬴֮̾ͱѻȸңһΪԽһ£ǰѺڵܡ


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ҹһһαˣŲҲͣתŴȥ
ڿϳˣһΪһֱҪȥءҹЦ
һ㲵ˣĳ˳鸡ȴ˿ûгɣû˿µسڲĲԶ
ţ
ڳ϶Ǵ󾪣һǰ˸Ħ졣
㾹ȻԼ߳ڲɫҪγˮ
ķӡȻǿǶҲǶ˵ǿǿƿĦڲĿƽžֻһֱڵһᣬˡ
仰һ˵ڲʱˣڳҲԭ˵ɫ
֮ǰĦǿͻǽƣ߳ȴûа취ƺڲĽ±ץȥѡ
ǽӹڲĦ˿̵״Ҳ֪ʱָܻ۷壬µĳ棬мǿɿģĦҲ϶ȥģһζĴˣٲˡ
һ̵ֱڣҹ֣һٳƽƣҹ֮ڲ¡
ǡ˶һģոѾҹǶԷûҪֵ˼ҹִⲻֵĻһա
ҹ֪ڹʲô֮ǰѾҵĴڣҲѾµƷжй˼ɣĦ۾ĺɫڲûҪ࣬Ǹ˵ӣӦÿˣŵݸŵħģƷڵ壬Ҫڲϻ㣬Ҳûˡ
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ˣһҲΪĿĲֶεļһǵĻûͷǻ˵ء
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ҹֽ̽ӹöڰָüͷ΢΢һ£ֽⶫ˹ȥðɣⶫǴǶҾͰˣ
ڳϴϲոĦŰָ׸ҹʱǻţ˭뵽ҹȻħŵһðӣ־͸˻ȥһӦҪְæǾת
ڳΨһ˵ˣȻǸðŵڲˡ
˿̿˫ǰһ£·ѾȥΪ۷壬ôô䣬һųɫı˳
˭һѽһѵʹʹҹʵ
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ҹǰѽﶶ˶΢΢ͷ⣺ڲɱģҪ𣿡
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ɱһӶѣͼӣҹȴȫûпԷıһǸߥǸӶħˣȴǺˣǺǣҲɱôҲû취ٸŮעһҪļ壬ҲֻǸѣ
ڲ۵һѪ⻰˵ʹ嶼ЩҡҲڲƴһҲҪٸЩһˣ
һ˵ɣҹ̤ǰһ߻˵û㣬ҪִɱҵĻļҲȥˣˣҲһˣʱħ㻹лӳȥĻ᣿ˣ
ڲĿ˸ϣƺҲڿҹ˵Ļм棬ǻˡ
Խ룬ϵսԽΪȻ֣ҹ˵ĸûаˣǾʵ

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ͻȻָģȥƴһսͷȥˡ

ཻҹıֻһĽǶȣڲΪܵһϡ
ѪƷԶҹĽ֮ȴײԽƷʸû˿ãѪͱ޴
ڲ״ħҲһ㣬ɿţȥһͷո֮䷭ʾҪ¶һƬ
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ţҹ
ڳ˵תͷȥȴԬɫ԰׵ز֪ʲôط֮ǰҲǱڲӡˣֱڲƷ
ҹҲȫ͸ȥȥֻôһУĦЦһڷǣ޷ڲѾ˼ң϶ǵвҹģСӣʡδ֣Ѿʤһ롣
ǷҪ£ħţԬԥһ£ԸĻ֮λøν
ĦҡͷĪ˵Ǵ֮λҰ֮λøҲδؾܿϣΣҲ֪ͼʲôҿ˵ɡ
˵ʱ䣬Ǳһӷ˱仯ڲƺҲʶԼĲ˦֮侹Ȼ
ΪÿͬҲ֮ͬǰҹϰٵ׷󲿷ֶ˷ѵͬķȴܽһ
ڤħףɲˮڲǴõôķԬϴ󾪵
⼸ȻûаħӰԵ˴֮ڣͬһʱ䷢ӳֲͬƱػ˴ײƣһķôҪһڰħ֮ϡ
ڲ˴εΪħѲ˸ϵˣĦһ˵Դ۷֮ħڶǻǻħڣʵ벻˭һóķ
ȻķлˣҹԷó˿س˹ȥ
СģĦҲ󾪽е


402 ׼֮
֮ǰһħҹ̵˶ǴһǱϾֻǵһĺڰۣҲֻҹ츳ֱҵ
һȫͬҷˮ
ҲãศҲգ֮һ֮󣬿϶ըú֣ҪǽȥǾͺһӵ˵ȼߵըҩһ
ĦѾһʱѣҹĶ˵һЩҹֻһ֮䣬Ѿм䡣
⣡
Ħĺٿڲǵӣ̾˱ʣҹһӱˣǽٵĿһľء
ħħ֮Ⱥڰ֮һĦһȻͬʥһ㣬Ȼ󣬵˶УȴǺӰ
ţɰԬæֹ
Ħ¶ɫض˵ˣҼȻһ˿ϣĳɹ㻯ΪޣǲһΪл·ֻܹӲдħ֮ˣ
Űָ߸߾𣺡Ħħ֮ȡ
ĻһƺڰԪ֮ȻĦӿȥ
Ǳϲ֮еڲ־Ŀɿڴȫ֪Ƿʲô
׼Ǵ˵֮׼ڲͻȻ뵽˸ϵĴ˵
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ַùΪĵӳǣֻҪԼӻָһ£ԪٻͬԼƽһˣȴҪĴۡ
˵ԽħҲԽ࣬ӦҪҲԽࡣ
ħڶĳϣÿ˳һǶӴĿٱħһ֣ȷǿ󵽲˼飬ֻһΣҲ㵽ľͷ
ڲҲȵط֣ʵöŵİֲָֻöָܵָܶѪȻһഫȴԶȲǰָĵλԭԭȻڴ˰
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ĦȻһںɫѪҺŵ˶æǰ鿴
޷ֻǽøոһڵĶضѣĦæ֣ʾԼû顣
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żⶾʮְԵҪһڵͳܲסҪУֻϧĦЩźҹȻûܹڲ£˵ʱͻȻĿһЩȵǱѾжϲҲ˵ҹ
ոʱȻҪըĻҲ͸ñˣھȻûж
ҹΪģƵĵطһ㵭סʲôȻС
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˵䣬Ǳߵ΢΢һ£ҹ˳
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ȻֶָܰξһġĦҲ̾
ĦŹˣҲǽңΣյģһεĻҲôˡҹƺµص
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ǺǣŵĶûпҵȻߣҹͻȻ̧ͷһָĦ죬ĶҵԸ㿴
ҹһָͻأȻ֮ͳ֣Ħ춼û뵽ȵʱȴô㣬ڶԷı仯֮ˡ
ĦʧɫҲֻһ˲䣬漴㶼ûƶ
ԬϵҲǱһĦԼ㲻ȥǷӦʱȻ͸ġ
һɱģĦֻ·һҹûнһָֻĦüġ
һǿĦüɢȥֻһϢ֮ҹѾ֡
ǺǣⶾҲ̫ѽҹЦŵ
Ħ۽Ǿҵ˼£סԼĳ嶯ˡ
ҹҡҲҡ֣ħ鲻٣Ҿİɡ
ʱĴݡĦԷ֣ת޺̳ϣ޳ϣסһҪܵͽչӰɡ
ǣš޺ϲɫ۾ȴǳЦ⡣
ȻĦû˵ʲô˭óҹһָ֮Ħ̬ȸӹ˼֡еԭ򲢲϶ҹʲôֵÿУĦһţҲԶԷĿ࿴
޺̸ףҹΪǲ̫ˣһҹϵ֮õŮӣڱǰȻҲܸ߳ͷ
ǸˡҹתŴȥ
޺ȻҲ˳ȥҹ֮ȥˡ
ڳϸĦһͨڲ״Ծ̾һָɢȥ֮ԬϲŴǰ
ţҹʲôֶΣ͸¹죬ȴֿȥԬ͸ɫȻ˻̫ģħʱ
ȲҪȥڶûж⣬ոһָͿҪҵ֮ҪħţҲ練Ƶ飬Ħ컺ŵıϣһȻᣬ˼ܣޱȣǹȥǵöԷˣʱ̣Ҳܵˡ
˵ǣԬҲ΢΢ͷħţȥǿУȷЩףҿ֮ƺ˼֡


403 ħԨ˵
ĦؿԬһۣ㿴òҶȷһ˿η֮ģڲµľ綾ӦǻħרԸҵģʮѲƾԼҪûпܣǾڸղţҹһָȥȻɾͻһֶأˣʵ̫ˣ
ʲôܸϵľ綾Ԭα֮ǰеľȶҪǻħڵĶǲԼûнҩĶ𣿡
ҿԿ϶ֶҹȷа취ĦĿһĽϾߣ⻹һͬħһħֱ֣ܸħĶݣ˺°
ţ˵ԬⱲ𾪶ҪùһҹǰѺڵȻħŵһӵһ˿ԭʼħ
Ħ΢΢ͷһ̫ȷҹԼҲǸոշֻ֣ʾ̫ãǶûз޺̳϶Զ֮ʱһҪ֣ȴû뵽ǰħȴϣǱǿջصģԺԸڲʱ򣬲ŻῪڽ赶ΪûŪǰѵΪʲô֮ǰǲʹˡ
ӵһħϾΪħ裬ħһ޽ĶҩħĺڰҲȥѵԬƺѾ˴𰸣˷ܣ־壬Щţٰܶӳһ
ǲµòԤ֮ǸħʹߣܳɾһħʸĦ֮УҲǰζӳ£ħԨؼյʱĲԶˣħţվûʸվߵ㣬һЩʱ
ڲǸǱлһԬ˵޲ܰڲ飬ɻ˵ҹħʹߣ쾹Ȼڲ׾ܵˣʵЩ񡣡
ߣڲܵҹļ֮СĦ˵ҲЩá
ԬϽüͷ˵ҹڲߣ
ҹڲȻʲôᣬͬģ˵ҲδؾʲôøУҪ֪ǺڵܣҴʹթڲôһһʱ֮ڣĸ󻼣ʹǲò˵ĻʵһСƲãĦ˵ҲӿһС
Ȼ֪Է˼ȴǴҪ˳ŶԷĴߣЩĪ˵أ˵Լ޽֮ܰҹôǵҪ˼ң
ǸΣҪҪЩ󣬻߹ǣһʱ䣬ڵĶԬҲЩʵص
ɣĦæ⻰ĿЩһۣƺҹһ˷ͬСɣвŭħʹߣҲ㲻öˣĿǰȫԷʹߣҲŭ𣬷ħŵĩˡ
Ԭæŵŵ£˵òܶԷǲǴ˵еħʹߣƾºɨ˵ʵһһһħɣʱ˵еħ񶼻Ҫء
˵䣬޺̳ϸֻص˴֮ϣŸ
ʲôҪ󣿡Ħ޺ŻĿȴ
޺Ҳ˵һۣصδʲôҪֻǷԸҪ˵ȴ
˵ȡĦ߶ĸ֣ĿӴ˼ζȻһת޳ϷԸ޳ϣҿʴӱʺһҴᣬ˵Ϊкô
޺̳΢΢һ£̾ŵ˼ףΪʦһַǺʹãˡ
⹦߳޳ϸߣֻһʱ䣬Ϳϡ
ֻ࣬Ӷ̵ģȻʦܴڣɱϾźԬϵ棬Ҳֹ֪ʲôһʱ߾޵ݡ
ɵѾͷ˰⣬ֻҪ㰴ķȻΪǣܷɾͣͿˡ޺̳֣طԸһôе
ʦһʱ֪ξܾҲ֪Գ飬Ҳˡ
㻹̫ˣʦ֪ЩΪѣΪʦ꣬ħҲһЩĵãѾұĵãһڸ㣬޺̳һ֣أȥǴԼ²˵ҿħֻסһ仰ħߡҪˣ
ȿȡԬһԡ
ĦǿȳһѪĨѣȴһࣺʦ˵öԣ


ڶһ磬ĦȥѯҹǷпգҹҲȻǰ
һڰڵľ綾һ֪ҹᵶܣԶҲʲô̬ٶˡ
ټ㲻ǸħĦţһĵ¹֮С
ǰ㣬ҹĸ֪ȴһصĸоڹУ̨һħ񣬿ȥ䲻
ֻɻǣħȴǿհ׵ģȥмֹ졣
ҹҲһڼǰɽǸضҲһû׵ĵ֮ƣ϶ƺֵһ㡣
ʮħԨżȻĶħڰ֪ʲôħĦȻ֪ԷʵȴҲ϶ԷħʶȻҲ᲻֪ǰѵĹˡ
ȻҹֱӵҡҡͷҲ㣬֪ʲô𣿡
Ħ뿪ʼͣû뵽Էĳһţ༰ֻҲãȻҡҡͷ
˸ŶĬˣûһƵϡ
ҹյúܿ죺ǾĦ˵һ£ѵ˵ħʲôϵ
ĦҲѸ˼Ž˵˵֮Уħǹ֮ħǺڰ֮ʮħԨʺħ仰˵ûպڰħԨ֮У޷ȻҲ
˵ƬħԨںܾ֮ǰûзӡǸӦ׽֮䣬Ҳ֪Ƕǰɵħսɵ߸ʤһͼŴʤ֮еħһ򾡣֮ΣħԨ޴ӵ֪ħԨ֮УҲЩɵնɱʱ̣Ҳ֪λħܣһͨħʮħԨϣħ֮ǿʮλɵǿߣûа취˼ֺ֮£ڶɵǿߣħγɵ֮⣬ٲһ磬ڷӡʮħԨĽˡ
Ŷ˵ħԨΪϾħ񣬲űħӡ𣿡ҹЦ
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ħĴ˵ңڸӲ÷ֱЩ棬ЩǼ٣ħ֪һЩű;Ҳֵһ߿֣ħҲе̣֪ϢԶһЩ
ĦмֵħԨ֮˵ħʵδؾħ֮񣬶ָλʮϵħܣ˵λΪγʮϣħһ˿ѪһΪ;ħԨ֮Уڶħߵõȶɣħ˵ʥħڵõһףħڵõһħڱȽһЩҲû֪ǵõʲôд˵ǵõħܵ
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˼˵ѵҲһħֵҹˣ⵶ǸģԷ⣬ô㶼Ҫ鵽ɵȥôһħĺᵶ
Ħûעҹɫصͷħߣأһ˿սڵħҲԼ־ӵնµʱ򣬲ŻоսҪֵʱȴ־ȻЩ޷ƵĸоΪ˿ԭʼħڣڰ֮ħ˵ŻмӱĿ֮˵ӦǼħˡ
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ҹͷŷһЩұֻѵ飬˵ô࣬Ϊʲô
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ȻҲħûԼҪΪħĴߣҹ۾һе
ĦҲһţ漴ͷ֮ǰȻͷϧδΣͱڲǸ͵ϮⱳƺħڵӰӡ
˵ڲ֮ǰѺڵϾħŵĻҿ»һ֮ҲҪ㸲ȴѾû˵ЦԭΪ츳ͣгһնսħڣڿСħڵֶΣ㲻ͬħϾڲ֪ʱõɼԸһģѺϡ
ϧҲΪ˵ģǸʲôħĴߡҹüë
֮ǰĪͳ׵ĴߣŪһħ㲻Լϻġ
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Ħһ£ŹЦҿħҲʺϳΪħĴУ
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405 С椶ʲ
ţ㶾ȫˣԬЩŵʵ
ĦҲصصͷħԨ֮ܽУֻǰʱѾȫˣ˵ħĴߣҵһţ
ΪսħڣԬϽʵ
ĴߣǾһܣħħһħħڰħóҲȻĶ֣ʤɡĦﲻڴ
İأԬʵ
ǲħĴߣħҲ֮Ħ۾һâұȻҪȫᣬħԴʮħԨĽӡ
ŵѾûо綾ΪҲָ۷壬Ϊβ취ҹжᡭԬϸո˵ͷĦЩƣֹסٿڡ
Ԭϣ˺Ҫмǣҵǰս֮ǰħڣħĴߣĦͷ죬ޱȴ޷͸գΪҵѾһ˿η֮꣬ǰҶ޷һս֮֮ңħһ㡣
˵սˣͲħĴߣԬЩˡ
ħĴߣȻܣˣҲ㳹Ƕһ˿ηȻҲɢ֮ʲôԳΪħ񴫳ߵģĦһЦҲǱˣ¶Էֶͨ죬ҲҪһս֮󣬲֪˭ʤ˭
ǡԬϽŲ⣬ŵܻʤأ
ħߣȻֻĦصЦֻŽˡ

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˵ħڿ϶Ҫȥһ˵ģŵ˵ħڸǷȥɵĵطҹûнˮңѾͨжļԺԲƣ㣬ΪҲҪȥħڣ
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磬ŵĻҲҪ̫Űɣԥһ£ǿڵָо硣
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İɣҹǶСѾͷ࿴ˣĦȻҪңĿǰ˵ϢӦò٣ңҪԸңͻᷢҿɲûģֻãǶֵĻֻʳ
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ħԨõҲʯʯ治һֺڰɫͬĺڰһʯ
ⶫҹȻûУħŵҲǸСɣ֪ҹ϶õţǰҲǸ˲١
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ģҲҹͷʵҲúܣʱҲһ£ǸţӶĸֽΪá
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ҲҹħһֱСĵԭǿһѹ۷Ļõȥƽһˡ
ףС椶ʲ


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ҪӿǵԽԽҲ̲סУ㵽ʲôˣĲ֪㿴ҲһССӣʲôܣҲܸ˵ǲǣ
˵õҲԡҹüͷ
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ǲΪ㡣ҹͷζԷֱˢһ°ѽˡ
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ʱԶһϺȡͬʱһɫˣһԾѾƮҹ˸ǰ
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ʦ֣ǸŮӣǿʣֻʦֱֵ̲ܷ档λȥŵ˵
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ǱԷòǵǰһϲɫŴӻͳһȥ޻ɫƵʯ̡
ʦָָ㣬Ϣ֮󣬰̾ҫĿİ׹⣬ʦҲֳȻɫȻʣ


407 һϰ
λܷһ˵ʦϷ𼸷Ц⣬ҲΪλʦܲ£ԲһЩСᣬʦֵģλⲻˡ
ǾͲˣ˵ʲôʣô£ҹҲһãȻ˳
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ħԨѾطӹ˵û̫󣬵ֵǣֻʥħڵĵӣܰħطĳ̶ȣҲòҪƵġ
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ͷüͷչһЦֵܿóԶħʿ͸˼ɣһжԼΪΪأʲôԭţĸ׵ţͳͳѡһаŲá
˵ҲеһҪٶ˵һ䣬ҹصѾںϵʣκκڰĹʮֺʣ仰˵ɣħԨǸ̬ĵħ֮⣬¾ûвʺˡ
ͷӶˣոտ˶ԷԶԷͲôһ䣬˵ԣǴԼ˵ǴԼ
ؼǣСӶʣǺ˽⣬˵ȫԣͷҲȥ
ҹͷ˰һҹ˵ǴģҲǰռܴˣο˿ҹĻ©ûأ
лʦֺ񰮣һǾȥħڡҲҹ˼Ȼͷ˵
˵ħʱҲˣͷϷһ˿ЦҪħڵĻǿǴ̡
ħڲܵĻ΢΢һ¡
ٿʥħڣҿҲֻҪٵȼվͿˡͷЦ
ħڲܵĻֻٻħˣϾﻹҵʦȴǲ˸Ĵ𰸡
ͷҲüŭȻ˲Ҫ𣿡
Ϊŭ˭֪Է֪뵽ʲôȻһЦ˳ʦ˵ħߣҪˣ
ҹҲգʦȻоô͸
ͷ磺
ⶼʲô˰ܲܺúˣˣƯСѧʲôãѧ˼ҲҪ˵㲻ҪĻҲҲҪһ£˲Ҫʲô£
վסͷ練ӦʱҹѾˣæһԾֵ˵ǰʥħôܣλҪô𣿡
ܣһԼ˵ģҿûǿ˵ʲô
ͷһ
ûˡãȻҡͷȫǵԼʲôܡ
ͷǳ鴤һ£ŤͷҹҲףȴװͿСӣѾµʲô
ħڵҹüëһ£ħڵĵ̶Ƕ֪ʥħڵģħڻ᲻֪Ҳܣ
㲻ɲ˵֮λʱҵ߰ɣȵħڵ˽ˣԸʥħڵĻͷĿȥҲһ˿ŪЦ⣬ʣҵҲ
ޡŭһڡ
ǹȻǰҵһ㶼ĥɾˣ֪ҲͲôഽ࣬ͷһ˿壬һСȻҲϷŪңһϰɣҸᡣ
ĵؿ˶Էһۣһϣһʵ̫Լˣ


408 
˵뿪ҹƺû˵˼
ңͷЦЦƾûˣֻҪӳɣҾͷ뿪ʳԣǿȶˡ
вҹ
òᣡ䡣
ͷŭɶ˵öԷֲ֣ʳԣֻɱԷˡ
磬ˡЩֻ
ǾͲҪЦˣϣֱӰǺȥħڡҹ
粻ЦҲҿʱˡ
ģ㿴أҹڸոս켶ҪǿĵʱһٴڣպȻкܴĺô
Ҳ֪ĪĺôҲҪ˻ܻŲܵô
ҲǱˣһתҹ˵ģɲֻһϣȻ˵ҪţǾ;Լˡ
ãһҪҰȻͨˣһζ˿նûС
İɣҿǸڲսҹ˵ŰѰҹҲ˳
ͷЦҲҪһһſ켶ڣôġ
Ϊ˰ȫһ֮䣬һ֧֬ɫϣıˣȻΪòţ˳ֻΪ˸һЩ
ѾӮˡҹһ֧̾Ͷԡ
֪Сӣ̹޼֮󣬾Ͳô˵ˡͷ粻м˵
һħطˣ㾹Ȼһ֧װʲôƣΪԼǺӰҹŶԷıȷһɵñĸоħطз޷Ǿħʽһֻ㻹նʲôûҩҩ̫Իˣ
ͷһʱԷ˵࣬ò˵ѡôһвҪװˣ˧ԭһ湫ӵһ󵶳ħʽ˵ȷǺˣҲ̫ƻεˡ
ΪŻڿҹİҹʱ¶ֿ֮ɫҹǰѵȻûڵװǵɢɱ֮֮͸Ϣѵʣϣ϶ҲһӢ֮Ҳǰġ
ӿĵһۣѺᵶѾڶˣʽÿֹӴսڶԷһͨϣʵЩ˷ˡ
ҹѾҼŭˣո˵İɾȡұȻնҵ޼¡ͷɫص
ŭĻֻҹСɽܵǣƺҲͬҹĹ۵㣬˿̿񣬾ͺǿһ׳һ켶öеһηûˡ
㻹Լ¶ˣҹҡҡͷȻȷ۷壬ʰڣʮ˸ǲģҲħڵĵͷϣҾССѵһˣְɡ
ٲɣбˢһն˶Էʺ
ͷ־һ־ббһҪӲĽ
ն
ۿԷϿϴѾսоЩ켶֮ľ޴ˣοֻһ켶ڣԷȻˡ
ҪһӲҹȻһڵ׼׼ײϡ
ײһѾֿͷɫȴ˲ѿ
һó󣬶Ըһ켶õüԪû뵽ҹȻô죬һʱоҹƣȫڷ
ɺӰһڵͳıؾ֮·ϣȥǶԷôһƵġ
һȻ޼֮Ӳһ֮󣬶ԷûٸŹҲûǰ벽һǾȻսƽˡ
µǣҹһ˿ûӰ쵽Ҫֵֻһ֮̾ͼ̳ͦ
ոջҹһôôת˲䣬ϵĺѾҪ뵽֮ˡ
һͬСɣٲһ֣һ̴ܴĺˡͷæһƮ˳ȥ
˵ʮֺÿҲΪר޵һѾо裬֮䶼Ʈݵʡ
֮յرܹһͷڱ׼ŭˡͬʱսˣ˵һм飬ɸողһУеľȻ
ǸˣȻǸ켶Ůӣ̫޷ˡ
벻ǵͦóֺϻ֮ҵҪúøˣͷ绺̧òƽ˵
ôһ仰ǰղŵǱʾһ£ʾԷԴһЩڲĿʼء
ǺǣٽװҹصҲƽȴѶԷҪ
ͷ粻ٵ֣һԾҹ˾һǺɨ
һɨ֮䣬Ȼó˾ųж죬ͬڿ֮һ㣬мĵơ
Ҳǵͷѡ֧ԭ֮һ˺ÿ֮⣬֮ϸһ˻ûд򣬾Ѿ˼֡

һļƻˣҹûһ֮бɨҲûбŵ˶ءһ죬ںڵ֮䴫
ͷȻ֣Լ־һαƵˣ־ַȻһޣҲһǺɨֻԷֵĽǶȺǵ꣬벻λþնһƫƫǵϵһˡ
΢΢飬ͷûʱȥƽЩΪһҲͬ
һ׼ֱ֮Ѹһжֱһӣת֮ٴοһ
ͷһõûȻɣԼҪΪԼһãɽֻǡһ
ûܵĽΪҹһһȻɵĽֱͬһӣת֮ٴǰȥһ
һôѲ
ͷ羪ȵط֣ΪֹһûԷǳʲôУԷ͸һһڱжһģһġ
һģʦ֮⣬ûʲôõǱʵǿѹʵҲıҲͬ
ͷЩң׶ԷҪЩʲôôһĽһѾĲϡ
֮͵һƫͷҪĲλҲ΢΢һƫͷļسһѪۡ
ͷϾ͸ӾˣһѹƵľҲ˵ˣѾʩչԼеʵʱȻǱԷһˣʵǲܽʵ
ʲôҪڽҪϣ̫ˣҹһ֣ȴ﷢ָ
⡭ģЩŵؿϵѪ
Լһ֣ⲻΰɣ
𽾰ģҹ
Ҹƴˣ


409 ѵһ
ҲˣȻ˳Ц˵ģ̣
ͷ緢ˣһ㣬ɿҹնȥ
ȻŹǺĻ׻ʩչİ
ڵͷôô;ò˳ۣҲ֪ĸ뵰ôȳôһ֧öԼǻջҲⶫҪǿ
㿴һĹħʽõһ֧ȫӲӦеҹһ߶ʩչŸͷһģһʽһ߶ָԹԼıԼԸһҪʺϲУʵһҲǱˣʺϲװԸֻħʽǰװ棬ܷӳʮֵѾˣʩչģħʽţԳװħʽŻŻ˻ܰ쵽ģҲ֮ġ
ͷɫѾ˳Ȼϣһ˲䣬еɫܹһ顣
ҹĻ̫̱ˣţԼװħʽޣħʽֻӳֵʵܣˣȥûˡ
ʦ˪ʱƮʱƥҲȽʺıԣ㱾壬ѽ൱ʺ㣬㽣ı̫٣һһɵģҲ׳ԿҹͣҴһ׽ϸѧһеı仯ȿҳעҸԷʲôͬ
ʲôͬڹ۲ţͷҲ仰ٴһֱоҹԼĳжһģһģѵʲôͬ
磬ҿһģһġһ֮Щɻʵ
ţסֳķǴģñһӾǶȡٶȣƴ˼ʮѲֻ˵ѧħʽѧһԼĶûУǸܺõķ̲ģҪסҹߴ˵
Ҽסˣ磡Ȼ
ȥͷֱҪѪ˰죬Ȼ̲ڽΣ
ҲˣڵҹȷѲÿ£ڶԷжʽһ澵ƵģôѲԷȦӡ
ȥˣôȥӿ϶Ƕһ˿ʣˡ
ͷһʽȻù
磬ˡȻ˵ʽһˡ
ţҸ˵ĻҪҸϣϹ䣬ҹ򶨵ʽǰżȶķλߡ
ͷиСˣѪۿҹĵնòæѸıʽֻǲֻ֮䣬ǰҪСö࣬ҹһ
磬ֱˡݵؿҹ
ţסҲϹ䣬ֵģǷ̲ģҹתͷȥҲаɣ״̬Ѿˣƾʵ㹻
һ£Щš
֮ǰնͷһǶ붼ΪҹǣƣŻᣬҪǵĻ϶Ǳѹһ
ҹ˱޳ܵǴңѵʲôʣָҵ˭һͷŭ
ҹһ˳֣ѾļޣټһǸղһҹĹһһкţɲʲô飬ÿһѪ
˼ҹͲһףⱰ޳ܵǿҪİɣ
ҡͷ类˵һϣʱо˶һϲԵԼ˭֪һˣֻ˵Ҳҵ
ڰ˵ȥĻԻȥȻЩģҪԻȥǽġ
׼ҹûᣬϵĶȴѾͣˣָֻ˪꣬Ǹ۶ĹܱȵģȥȥôУҲܲµһҪôˣǰӦԵİ취ӲӲħʽҲˡ
쿪ͷ翴ҹ֣ͣȻɱ˹ղŵĽѵʱ˸ɾ㾹ȻһǾ͹ֲִݻˣħʽҪôƣܳΪʥħڵľѧ
ˢˢˢˢ
ͷ绰δ䣬һɫӰѾ⽣ǸղŵĽҲǺͨ͸ˣҹ㲦Ҳ˼һʩչһ⾰
ͷҲ΢΢죬⻹ǸոǸС
ôһ㱼䣬ԷˢˢȻûٴնոµȴӣֻû˵Ƥѡ
ͷŭһ켶Сﶼ򲻹ǲЦ
ãһлûնѾһУȻħʽȴóֱĪĸо
ҲѹҲûа취֮ǰصݳȥʥħڵĵӶûԪŵı£Ȼͱն⽴ˡ

˵ıײһһ飬˪һڵϡ
ͷϲ͵˳ȥ
ۿǰļ԰ףһŵӣͷͻȻ˼ϧ֮⡭
顭
ջѾɣȴǱҹһŸ߻ȥġ
ͷʮָץָ׶ݵɣ˵õĵȴְ͵ϮոѾˣ
˭˵Ҫģҹһ濴ıĿȥ˵һ켶ڣܽ
ͷ죬ȴҲſԻӦĻ
Ǽһ񡭡û˵ҪԼ˵ģǣղžȻΪһ켶ģôѧ
Բ磬ʧˡЩ
ҹ˵ѾˣΪҲսʤɽǰˣԼܲ
ǺǣѾúܺˣڣҹοڱͲܿģȻħطûԪȴԪǿ֮УγһɱԪεƣܰƷӳǾʮ㣬ҲģΪûƣֻڵõİӡһ켶ڵĻʮҲոǼˡ
ģ۾ﾫһǲ˵
ģôһԲûʲô츳ļһɲֵýġҹ
ۡ
ͷڱһѪ
ؿҹûж֣ܰ˴Ѫ
ͷ磺ۡ
վɫѾ֮ǰıȡ֮Ƕһ壺ҹҽ춨Ҫնڵ£
ﱻݺһ˦Ҳ֪˦ĸѾ͵ĳУקһѵ˫סؾٵҲȼն
ֱˣĻжһء
һﻹ̫ҲܷӳɵˡҹŶԷӣ΢΢ͷ
ô죿ҹ
ҸʥħҲԹ޳ģѵһҲˡҹνص
ȥ


410 ǿħ
˫ڵһ̣ͷȫȼĸоǰһֱˣħطȴҪԼŪһӸӣӹŵŪһ֧Ͳᴵ
ս⣬Ųȼƣͷˡ
ҹ˵öԣǰħʽɵʵʩչڣҪлԷˣһսǷ˱һ
лķʽѵҹ룡
ʦֺǿ
ʦֱȴǰǿˣ
ʥħڵҲóΪ̫ˡ
ҹлһڣҾҸոĵ֮£ҲǶıˡͷ˵
˰ɣҹȴԹԸ˵ȻһƣװıȴǸĲˣȻղһʩչĻװħʽ
ߣ֮ҲһȲ㣡ͷһԾȻ죬ٵҹն¡
Ȼ޼ȴǿһŻ棬棬žҵϢҹ˶
ٿҹվһǱһŵƵġ
ɲôΪ۷壬ҲܰҹŵòҶǱʶҹôһ֪ʲôηˡ
ͷκ͵Ѿǵ˼㣬ޱȵƣ˫ȻһӣնյȻ˸Ĥ˵졣
ˢ
ҹڶˣİҹᵶһá
ꡭ
ͷ羪ֵط֣ĵֻʣ˰أԼڿз裬ոԾʱɵûߡ
һڰȫ½ӻҳ޵صҹ
úޣ
ڸոһ̣ΪԼħطУƾ֤
ʲôУʲô棬˼һ֮󣬾ʲôûˡ
ͺһħʦִȥһ޴Ļ򣬵ȴſ˱龰ɹȥ˼ҡޡһĭϨˣ飬ˬ
ʥħڵӵķϣҲ̫Ϊ㣬ӣôˣԺٸˡҹ仰תˡ
ͷڵϣ˿նõǿӵ·ѪۣĸоԼӺô󰡡
ʦ֣ǡʥħڵΨΨŵŵҲ֪ʱ˵Щʲô
οĻͲ˰ɣʦ⸱ôοڹ⳰Ц
飬ͷǱһûپԼӣȻҲΪʵڶûĿɾˣʱħڵؽ֮ڣҹĸ֣ǾȻһ֪һҪ˭ʲô
ǣʦ֣Ӷ˿ʦûԼͲ

磬Ҫһȥħ𣿡ҹû뿪˼Щڴʵ
ʥħڵĵͻȻħʲô⣬˵ʱʥħڵ֪ˣһ㣬һǰ͵ħ˵ɡҹͷ
˵ʥħΪҪԸħڣħڵĵؽ磬˳ͻ³Կֻʥħڵ˰ɣ˿Ҳͷ˵Ļ˼ħڿҪˣôҲ벻ףʥħƾʲôô˵ħڶǻǧ꣬õĴڣ˴̲֮ԷĴ㣬ǵڶûгɹҲΪ˭ûʤֵʵʥħڸһֱеߣôأ
ҾͲ֪ˣҲ˵⼸ħ䣬ҪħڵˣҹǺ˶ΪҲһħڵλء
⡭ҾͲ̫֪ˡЩãȻ˵
ҹҲû⣬ħһͨĵӶѣĦȻôصĶ˵ôࡣ
Ϣ֮ħڵİΣˣԭħڻ⣬ҹ˵ģħο鷳ˡ
ȻǵøĸôģǼʱԺȴŸĸӣĸ׵ԸҲʮܼ֮ħڡ
ʦҲ˸˵ȻҲֻ֪ѡô˵ħڶҪһ֣ǳ⣬ȻԹ۵ġ
ֻԼΪȴֺ˵ܰﵽʲôħƣʥħΧһҲǼ˷ڻҶѡ
ȻˣĽŲȴ֮ǰҪ˼֣·ҪЩħƵġ
ħԨƫƧ֮ħʱҲûожˡ
֮⣬γһƬ̶򣬱ҪСЩȴҲв⸽ס
һǿܵŵı̫˸ħڵǰţҲǿλãЩС⣬Ҳڶ
ɣŸһ޴ĳǱĺɫ֮УԵӰĻһɵľۼء
ʱǱĴŽţſҲûʲôˣƺħڣһϷص֮УЩ̺С̯ϵ˶ˣҲŵӰ졣
ҹһħڴʱڰкܶ˶ĵع۲ţҪʲô·
ҹʶҲŸһУһȦ֮ɫҲ΢΢һ£ħڵǲֹ۰⸽̽˶ֻһô򵥡
顭
Ǳ֮ǰĴŴš
նţԶһϵĿճǣȫûлӦ
ģȻĴ޹Ĵš
һãһӣȴȻûκεĶѾĵӲ켶ֻ֣¶Ҫ׳ͷˡ
硭ۿЩ졣
Ҳû뵽ɸĸһԸȻôѡħѾǣǸĸԸԶûа취ˣ
ɡҹֻطҲˣ˭Ҳȥ
һŵĲʣƺһĽƣȥ켶ҲŲס
žž
ҹ£ŵҪСκЧ΢΢˿һȻ̧ϡ
䡭
صĴűһߵҡΣһȦȦɢ˳ȥԶԶ
Ȼ⵱Ȼ꣬ʧҹѾһȥǸոǸغϣŶʱεøҲøӺ
䡭䡭䡭
Ǽ򵥵ظһǿһÿһεĺص֮ǰеһ㡣
һִƺǽ֮УҲڸǴ΢΢زš
ǡҪħǿ
ţûֹĻ˵ħڵĴţҪǰ˸ˡ
ʲôħȥܱסһ֣նģ


411 ˵
ħ˻ȥԲϣŵӣһλϵӡ
ǰľŮĸ׵Ըǰħڼ飬ǰȫæ˵
ʲôľû֣뿪ȡ˵ǳ˿ûзе˼
ⲻܣһʱЩ㯣ĸײħڵˣôֵԸ
ߣϷ򲻹ܻܿǲܣϢ֮ڣٲ뿪ĻͲҪ˵ˣڻûиı⣬ȥɡǸϵ
һʱˣȥԷ˵ģô£
ԣһʲôطŪˣ߶Էں˵
æӻͳһӶŴž𣺡ĸҵ˵ֻҪħڵ˿һ˭
ʵ⻰û׿ĸ˵⻰ȴ޺תģҲţ޺̾ƭ
ಡ
ͳǿ֮˲䣬ƿյĺӰ˶ȥ
һδܷӦҹһѽ󣬰ҹˢسʣħʽ糱˰նȥ
ҹҲû뵽ϻ˴ѵĶ
ǿͨī֮У滹һ˿תҹ֮żյǡ
Ȼ⻹ǹؼؼϣҹоħֻŰָ棬һģһԭʼħ
ֶĦ˵ǴǰλħĴµģÿһܳɾһš
û뵽ССħһϣȻͲһӵԭʼħ塣Ħ֪Ļ»ѳӶɣ
ҹʱҲ룬Ǹ޲Ҫ޺̳ϣҲ֪ǲҪ֪ҪԣòλҲ̫Ҫ
ӣǲ֪һʮħԨħڶͷȥĶô˵޺Ҳֻǰһܱ˷ֵѡ
ҹһεǰ֮նӰӶ⵽Լĵ֮С
Ӱͬʱһͣǿʲô˼飬ȴ˿Ҵ⣬㾡ȫסΡ
һ˶Ǳնţɶȥ
ף㵽ʲôˣôħʽһӱ¶ȫͷףòʥħڵĳϡ
ְʮħԨУҪѧħʽòƲʲô°ɣҹӵնˣִݵذѰҹ뵶֮УԴϷʵ˵
˶΢΢һüħʽȷʲôܵľѧҶϵģֻʥħڵ˲ɡǰˣƺǴħ䣬ôģ
һʱ䣬λĿⶼЩأǹϵʥħڵλĴ£յľϣպÿħԨеߣܰħط߾磬ﻹʥħڵ֮أ
Сӣ֪ʲôˣһϣȥҲΪ֮ˣҹ߳ʵ
ħطžʥħڵİɣҹüë̫˾ȵĴ˵˳ֻʥħڵˣΧ˼ħڵĴ⣬֪Ҫʲô
϶΢һΣ鵽һҲʲô¶¶ģǵҪһ£¶ô࣬ǰڵͷϣڵס
㲻ҪܣʥħҪҪ죬ҿħطгɣʥħڣʥħ֮УеǸħطֶΣʱȻܸһΣΪ׵ĳʵ
Ǻǣλħطͨĸֶɵİɣҹʵ
ǡҪػشȴȻʲôԡ
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ܰħʽڵĳ̶ȣҲ֮ţӦҲǸˣΪ׵ĳҹ㲻ῴħ״ɣ
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ǳɫȻһ£СӹȻöԸҪû治Ǽ׵顣
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Сҿ츳ħѾʽ΢ʥħôΪͽ֤պΪܸϲ¥ʤλѡǳϼջ֮˵
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ס֣ʥħڵλ϶һҪǰȥȴֿҹǰһʱ֪Ҫôá
Ҳû뵽ŻʱͻȻ򿪣û뵽ˣҪȥҲ
֮£ȴҲΪԷħڵˣ׷ǿ塣ʥħλħҲ˿ţⶫ䲻򵥣ôߣ
˵嶪ˣħڵת۾ҲʶǸĸԸҲͱˡ
ʯѾȫƴҹķ򿿹ȥ˿̴Ҳֻҹŵùˡ
ħڵĳϷӦ֮죬־һڹ⣬Ϊ˶ᵽǿ壬ǻɱҲϧ
ߣ˵Ķ͸˭ԣ˸ͱҲˡҹʥħڵλϣȴһͷҲûлأһָ
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ħҰΪôͬҲһõҹڹȥ
ֻƳҪǵڹײһ֮ʱڹٿһȻǰʧˡ
˾ޱȣΪ˿ףȴǵڹ⾹ȻһײľС
顭
һ֮ħⳤ΢΢һΣǽסһѪ
㡭ʲôˣ


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֮ǰħǳϵ뷨ҹܿʥħڵˣǶԷǺڰԪȴǱԼҪö࣬ڻֺڰԵѹƿ־֮С
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ҹʵ̫죬ħطȻԪ֮˭֪ôģ
˵ҹʥħڵˣͰǿˣʥħھٲ֣ҲܴԭʼħֱնһҪʧˣǵȥ
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ⶫĹأҲֻ֪ҹⶫס̾
ҹҲûп־ͰԼ
λ𣿡ҹʵ
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ĸģˣʥħڵģħڵģ˿̶ֱӵĸо˼ҾǴѵСһ֣һ߶ȥ
ЩҲǼģֹؼʱ̷ֲأЩνĿ֮ҹأҹˣ˵ⶫӸһǿɾЦˡ
λǲҪħ𣿸ղŶᣬλ£ħڵλȿڣĿʥħڵɨһۣħڵǿ֮ˣԲòСĽȻλħڼԨԴǾλٽŰɣʡñ֮ӣǸ鷳
Ǻǣ֮ˣƺոĳ˻˵ħûôһˣת֮䣬ֳ˼ԨԴֻҲûаʲôİɣʥħڱ֮УǼȻѾ¶ţҲͲںԷĳͻˡ
֪λ˭ʥħڵħڵɽ֮ǰǱĪΪħѾ۸ĵز𣿡ħڵĳɫȻһ࣬λٲȥҿ԰⵱ʥħڶħƵźţ¾ħڴӳϵӣλܵ𣿡
ʥħڵ˶΢΢һ£ɫҲѿ
Ƭ֮ʥħΪ׵ĳԸһ˿Ц⣺ϵĻδ˵Щˣ˱Ҳ·˵أ޴ħڵ˼̸ʲôƣȻħڵļ£߾ˡ
ߡһתҹ˸ƣλħɡ
ҹҪħڵģȴԥˣΪħλǰļƣֻİǿߵĻħԼԼ˾·
Ȼĸ׵ţҲû޴Ϊﶼվߵĺˡ
ҹûгʲôֱŴȥ
õģħڿãǻóȻôһߡҹĵش
ħڲʱˣѾ߱㹻ʵöԷòһЩɵֱ˿ŵʱһǿУʲô¡
ҪǣѾߵһʥħڵ˷ǿԭʼħ壬ħڣĻģƱػᱻʥħڶϡ
ħڻ˼ɣʥħڿ¾ͲˣǶϣǸΣյ顣һʥħ´۷ǿأҹҲûаһܴӮοһ
ϿҹħڣɨʥħһۣһҲתصڣصĴ漴ϣϵħ֮һ»ָƽ
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ǸոùעһǸС˵һϺڵ
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˵ǣô찡һħ䵽ħڵǱ֪ˣ֪᲻𷣣һλЩġ
⵹õģ𷣵Ļһеٿ˿ħڵĴţ飬ȻѾǵ֮⣬ȻµħҪϢݸˡ
ǲֹۣħȻħڣȫ֮ħڸƣζ䲻ʥħڵˣⳤЩź̾˿ʥħ˻һǲǴʧǧء
δأҿǸСӾһʡ͵ĵƣʵòƻûþϲΪʵǿߣҲȱ˸͸һЩħڵӦòĽɫѹ̫أСҪʯ٣ħòƳܲۡ
˵еһλϻЩǣħڲӲһЩǳֶΣСǾ鲻㣬Ҳ˵
һҲЩݣΪϵħ֮һЩ˶ħܳĸֶΣʵ̫ˡһӲ̫ңǱЩСУڶɫҹˣǿɾͿˡ
˵öԣٰϢȥħڵ飬òǰһЩˣ»ɣɫص˵

ħڵĴҲûбħŸӴ϶٣ֻﳤϵΪħȷʤ˲٣ħ֮һħڣȻô򵥵ġ
ֻ˵ҲΪ̶ȵˣ۷ĳϣȻһҲûпҸֵǣ֮ϣȻûг֡
ǰ֮ϿһˣǱԱߣһһվŮˡ
˵ŮˣվǸȥֻʮ꣬µټһһ̲סǰһףһյС޳ֱ˫ȸ롣Ůӻ͸¶һഺϢұ˼Ȼһ۾עĿ
һʮͣǸݽĸ˴磬ǵƵļ˵ֻʮСҲšֻ˵ϸ˼ֳķζͶ֮չֳֶصŮˣŮķζԡ
ˣһ崿һׯһ˲֣Ҫ׽ĸо
ҹԴӽ˴֮ĿɨһȦλòĸϣħڵȻòŮ
λӰɣȴݸһЦո˵һλ湫ӣòʵѵһῡܣ벻Ȼ˵Ҳ˶Ҳħֻ屧µ˹ͣһ֮ˣСŮһӭӡ
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Ȼά״Ǿ˵ħӦûǿˡԼ͸ԷΪǶԷҲвʶ֮Լ̽顣
һӵǿʶ֮ŮˣƺҲǷǳµġ
ӲÿԺҶԼˣ˵ºͣȥͬʱڰߵҲسΪˣСǣڼʱеھţӲһ̰ɡ
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лˣҲ֪ǶԷݵĴˣֻܷȥĸ׵ķǰݼһ£
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ǡ˵ʲôȴǻִˡ
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΢΢һ£ֻҹȥ磬
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һɺԣľŶħڵرﱾΪֲԼĹʧŮͻܳΪҪЮţŮطħڵͬأⶫȻǹħеġħһλĳŭ
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ǣҹɫ䣬ȴŶԷľֲԼĹʧԼŮػħڣħڲϵĻǺǣʧֲʲôԲҲա
㡭ǳû뵽ҹ˵һĻԼǺܶԵģòҹҲûдɵﲻأ
ߣľ´Ȼħڣɲֲֲ벻ֲͲֲģǿŮĸ׻ڹĳģͱǻɱΪڵʸּۻ𣿡һλҲվȻҹߡ
Ǻǣԭħھµģɱ֪λ˰ǻɱ˼ҹһܣϵҲŨĻҿҲ̸ˣħǰֻҪﲻҪˣȻҲͲǿ˵ٰ֮ɱˣҲһҵҸҴħڣаܰٴȥ٣ƾڳλûңǣĸţվҿ
ħڵĳǶЩӦλвƺվλðɣҪвҲвŶ԰һвһţ
ħڽЩ̫͵һ˷ˣһλڵĳվǾϷ㣬֪ʲôձ󣡡
ռȻˣ󲻴ʲôֵҹһ仰ˣų˵ħˡ
ⳤϣǺʵ
ɲΪԷʵ赲Լȥ·һ̤Ŵʯǳȥ


414 ԭʼħ
ħڵĴϣ涼Ǿ޴ʯ̳ɣҹصĲ̤ȥÿһƺײʯĵ档
Ȼȥǵ沢û𻵣˶һָоҹһӲĵͻķѡ
µϵƣÿһƾһأûߵǸڵĳߣǿѹȸУѾڳ˶ľˡ
СӣȻЩŵֲø˵ôĻ
˶ˣԷŵıǮǸҹĳϣѾԪֿ֮ҹƵӡ
ȻڻǿŴ߶Ԫܸҹƿ⣬һ˵ϻûг֣Ѿһˡ
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ȻõģǾʹħڼˡҹϵһת֮䣬ѾɢӰˡ
ڳ϶˿ͬʱҲЩؿҹ
˵ʵûչ¶ϵƵȷ̫ˡ˵˵վգѾﵽշĵزһѾѵˡ
һ˵ֻǿʵֲܴҲû⣬ЩרƵĹҲӵбͬԶԶǿ
ֻ˭Ҳ֪ҹǰߣǺߣǺߵĻǻҪҪǰߣ˵ǲˣеˡ
̶ӺȥͷϢԸҪúд󡣡ǿҹûзԣҲָ֮ǰĺɫƺ֮ǰûзʲôһ
Ӧһȥ˵ӣ㣬ɡ
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ֻ֪Ǵ֪ŮĻ᲻ƫ̻֮ģͻȻ뵽һ㡣

Ǵ֪ǳŶԷڣѹԼŮǴǰľ£¶ԷҲԼɣ
ˣҶҪٶۣǿħлǺŵģ˵֮ʱ˶һе˺ʹϳ˵ħסһʱ䣬λҪȥðһʢ֮ŭˣһдħڣʱϳغ󲻺ýǼʧˣ͸޷ֲĴˡ
˶һݣȻ׷׵ͷһǾȻûй˼֮ǰҲǲ֪ҹôǿʵ
Ϊλϣ־ܰСӸأ˭֪Ȼô֣ã˵ˡ
ϣתͷϵɿˣǶȻǼħ
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һħĻǵ۾Ҳ˿
ǿħת֮ʱˣеĳ϶š
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ģǶȻ˵ħڵĻڴһ֮󣬶Է۷壬Ҳ룬Ȼħڣȥһ㡣
򲻵ѣҲٸҹͻǸСӾ򵥡ÿÿ˵ҹʱ򣬶ֿ͸ĸо
ǣСӵȷǹ죬ոһƣȻҵԪֱ֮һƻҵľʵЩ죡˵
Ԫôܣˣһ
ԷԪǵԼЩԪǰ裬ԷһƴֻӲͦŰˡ
Ŷǵ۾Ҳ˸ҹһ˼СӣԪѵǡ
˼תͻȻ뵽һԼоЩŵɡ
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ǵɫԭû뵽ĳǣҲ뵽ֿܡ
һֱƳħΪħ֮жһԭʼħԭʼħ˵ãΪŲܱǿ
˵УλӡʮħԨĴɢħ֮󣬻һԭʼħ֮ˣħΪħߡ
ȻҲ˵ǣеħ֮󣬻Ǹ˽ħ֮еԭʼħڣӶλܵħ
ҹϵԭʼħĻѵǸ˵λܵħߣ
ô˵ʱҶСһЩλħߣǸǵáĿ˸˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ڳȻҲ뷨ǿˣҲٶ˵ʲôֻøԹȥˡ

ӣķˣʲôҪĻֻĵ˵һʲô⣬ֻң̶һס⡣̽˴һµСԺУҹһЦ˵
ѾܺˣлֻǣûʲôĻҪңҿܻҹ˵
ȻġæͷӷģĵǶʮֱصùأȥóȻġ
ҹŵͷ
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ҡĿ˸ۿ̾ȻҪһطȥһʱЩźܷҲסСԺ
λԭһ£æǸĻǵ̶ˡ
һ֪ǳˣҲ΢΢˵ֻǿСԺ﷿ܶ࣬ұһסˡ
ǡЩΪѵȷм䣬ס֮⣬Ǹ̹͵ĵסģסĻʵЩˡ
ûµģæ֣ѾܺˣħŵʱҲûסúá
Ǻðɣ˸²һ¡ҲûйᣬֻԴҹһЦȻת뿪ˡ
ҹŶԷɫ񻱳Ӱһʱ
˳ŶԷĿȥЩõһ磬̶ǲǺܺÿ
ҹ˿ûбܻصͷȷǺܺÿﳤһÿ
һʱתҪط䡣
ħֵĶɲ٣סﵹЩˣûʲôĻǵòҪߣʲô⣬Ҳ֪ܾܲȵ㡣ҹ


415 д̿
ֵĵطȴûע⵽ʲôѵ˵ħƯŮƹܣȽ𣿡
˵仰Ǵŵ⣬˭ҹȻͷ˵ò֡
߿˿ʾԷ˵Ȼûʲôˣ˵̫ױȥˡ
˵𣿡ʱҲ鲻򵥣ٴ֮ǰ
ֻǻûмΪˣǸǡǡһҹ˸ţƺڼٵ˼ʲộΪܿһϢܾЩԾΪǼٵģʵǻҪǿһ
ôܣһ£̿ȥƯЩ֮⣬Ҳûʲôر𰡣ͣܽ켶ѾǺܲ츳ˡ
ֻһɣħʹ϶ڣе鶼ƺҲЩ֣֤ħĵλֻͣΪô򵥡ҹ
ǣ˵ʲôأʵ
Ҳ֪ǸоЩֶѣһ㣬û˵ʵ˵ħдǣָĿչأҲڣ¿ûô򵥣˵ˣλϵ⹫һˣֻǱʲôԭ֮ҪصĶ̫ˣ˲òȥ֣ħڵǺܸӣ⼸ҲҪСһЩҹ侲˵
ҪĻģӦøղžѾᶯ˰ɣЩ⣬ħ˼αô飬أ
ǿδأ涯ֵĻǻûҵʵĻǿвٵֶζأҹҡҡͷҲȥ룬ȥϢɣֻܾˣħˣҪǺܿͻ¶ġ
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ҹĿСԺţһԺҲľԺﻹһЩ֪ʲôݣ΢紵ֵµζϢһУֻûɵġ
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ĳڿе͵һ򣬲ûһɤӺѪֻͷҲûŤٵʧˡ
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һͣǰʱҹ۾ˡ

һϤ磬øƺҹŵøһЩƵġ
ҹ۾ȻֿһĨɫںڰ֣︡ԷӦûϽǰӯؼԾԶƮȥ
ոǹ磬ȴһƬ׵˿Ʈҹǰ
ҹ֣˿ٴδһд̿ͣ
ڰɫͨһӵȥؿڲסشϢš
ܲ˰ѵôĵ
ոһִҴææظ˹ǿǸҹȫģȻҲ֪ҹǵʵǿҲܷЩְ𰡡
ӣոѾûзִ̿͵ӰӣСĵػӦǲǡˣ
ˣɣҹİɫ˿һողд̿ͣҴ̿ʮָҷİ
ӿһۣôֱ治һʲôһ־ѡ
֮ȱȽǣ㲻ʶְҲ֣Ҳû뵽ħȻҪң˷˼ҹüͷɷнµ˵ѵħҪɱңðǼص̵˵˼ʵǿ£
һɫҲģκвӵİȫҪˣصҪֵܵʬܹȥ
κˣҹЦЦ
Ҳûҹôʲô˼ֻ֣صسŵţκˣ
Ǿ̫˼ˣҹתͷ滹һ˵Ժſȥˡ
ӻûзӦǵѾ˽ӻ˼˵ЦҲͷˡ
ҹĵǶǾһ£û뵽ĻͬʱҲҹһۣҪɱĻģԼЩ˿϶һʱȥЭ˵ġ
û취˴ǰСֲ̫ãǱȥģڲˣŵÿҪˣϵЦǿԿġҹ˿Գš
Ǵ˿Ѿ̤ԺУҲûжִ׵Ļ黳΢һ̧֣ŵļŮӣ̰žƲ̶˽˷
ո˵ﾹȻд̿ңǲᣬǿǵĲܣⱸЩƲѹġǳЦһɲǼķǱ߻ͷŻҹЩǷԸȥɡ
֮оﲻԣҹܵһλͷžƱԷѹһưѾѹȥٰĳЩʲôô죿
⻰ɾͲ˵ˣһССӣֻ˵ʲôôˡ´еĻҹСԺ˳ȥ
ʱŮҲƲ˰ںãԭЩʳҲ΢һʾ⣬ЩҲͷ£ȥǵӣѵصѾ
λأ֮ͻȻʵ
˯˰ɡҹƺûйȥ⡣
ҲãЩ飬Ҫ̸ǵĲƺһֱ˶Ҫһϧ֮顣


416 ں
Ŷʲô飬ҹһؿڣֻҪģֻܿڡ
ȻǺ촽΢΢һ£վȵƣҹԱߵλϣϳ֮⣬Ҳûеڶˣܹܰҵˡ
˵˵ɣЩʲôҹֵ
һЦ֮£Եøģһֱֻߣ͸ɢϢҡ
Цŵʱ򣬷·ڴһϢƺֻҪһ죬ͻƷ֭ζ
Ц֮ǶϵľƱݵҹϣȻԼһҹһԹԵͷȥ
ҹ˶ԷһۣҲذѱľƺȥ
̾һ֪ұħǰŮڴ֮ǰħλӣһֱഫδ֣֮һֵܽý⣬ȻֻʣһŮӣΪãԼ̳ħڵĴҵԸ״ֻý֮λҵķ
ҹͷԷЩüëһ£ҲԼˣûʲô˵ġ
ȷԳҺ̶ʮֺãҲ󣬿ǽʮͻȻֱһӣ֮²ŲʣĸŮҲǴǰģÿﶼǶŵħУĸŮˣǳ¶Ӱ˵¶ʹĵɫΪ˲֮£ȻҲŵʵһǧɣȻҰٰȰ˵Ҳûıһ⼸ûħۿħڻһʵҾãˣҲȥ׵档
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ħŵ𣿡ҹʵһ£ԭΪһ˿ԭʼħѣڿô򵥡
Ҳǣֻһ˿ԭʼħֲܳԲܺȣֻʩչһ׼Ļڽ˵ȷ𲻵ʲôõġҪܰǾͲһˣѸ׳󣬲һֱʢȥĸԴ
ⱾҲܣҲԼˣҾͲˣۣϸ˵ԭʼħķͨһЩķ󣬾ͬ鷨ãУڵǶħ򣬶̺һĶأֻħľ֮£ܵõ޶ĴҲֻøĵ̤ߵΪ
ҹƤ΢΢һ£ûоħȻжģûȥע⣬ⲻ˵ħڣЩħ̵ɣ˶жʱԽþԽ죿
ô˵ĻòħڵɷҲڵɵģҹʵ
ȷˣ̾˿֪˼һҪƽǼħ֮аأħ֮е˿ԭʼ֮ճΪãܸһͻħԨӡ˭ûа취ͻƵľ磬˵ħеԭʼֻܼ֮ħ֮ģпܵȴǲţִˣŸħ뵽־УԼҲˣòչ
ҹĿȴѸٵţŮصúܣ˵ûҲδؾģһ·Ҳмֿš
ϾȫǼٻĻ׾ͱֻٲһֲ˴ˣ˵ѻĸ֡
˵Ұæ֪ʲô𣿡ҹʵ
ǵĿֱԸ𣿡
˵׼ҹʼ
ǿԷûи϶Ĵ𰸣һˣһ²ŵħԭһֱഫţҲҲ뿴һһŮûͨʵ飬ʵǧˣڲòƤӽһ
ţֻ˵ҹܴ󷽵
⻰Ƕȴһҷۡ
ʲôֻ˵˵ȴһ裬ȫǿĿͷ֧Ʊ
µҲûʲôˣֻŲ˼ɫڣģǼǼҲһħĻĿħڶɹǰѹˡ
ҹҲ˼Ϸʣƺϵ˻ֻĬĬغžƣҲ˵׿Ͻ費Ͻ衣
ǼԷĬҲ²͸ҹ˼ԥһƺ¶˾ģҿóǸѾͷȫģֻҪӵһͷħ¸мȻҡҲ׽衭
˵һʱǵЩƮƺĳִİʾ
ҹеϷ֮ɫŨˣƺڵŶԷ˵øһЩ
ӿɷܲµҵ䣿ǻվŤһ֫
ţʮ˰ɡҹ
ǵɫ˲ɺڣѿǸոձ
˴ˣ˵ʮ߰ˡҹæ
һ£ոЩգСһ仰ʲôûˡ
û취ߵһҲֻӲͷƤˡ
˵ЦǲŪһͷ˿ʧׯȴ̲סķ飬ֻǿ˿̵ɫȴǰΪɫԸݽħһãҲԸɫرӴ
ҹε΢΢һ£˱ңڿħһûŵħ˲Ƿ֮ĵز
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Ǻǣ˵û˸жҲ൱ˣһˣֲסһջ󡣡ҹԹԺСƣƺǿһϷ룬ߵʱ
ֻϧӿһˡǿԷ̬Ѿ˼ֲõԤУ˿̵
ֻǺ֣һƯŮҲǸոպãȴûҪŮȥϸҪԼѹ͸ң˼ҹָӵȻ
֪εѾʧˣҹûгһףһͿˣֻڶﲻҲ𼸷ֲ
ѵ㲻ö˵ŮˣδµСջ𣿡Ǻһ
ҵûпҹǺһЦ
ϵŭ֮ɫŨԶһ£Ҳ¶һĨŪЦ⣺Ҿ㿴һ£
˵Ȼ̧֣ץסԼǰһ˺һѿ˵޴Ŀӣ·¶ƬѩףȻû¶̫ļȴŵ󣬶Ȼ˼ҰԺͿˡ
⻹㣬ѸٽҲһ˺ãźڰ׵ֱֵۣ¶ʮ˵ӡ
أƺš
ҵеˡҹЦ


417 ɫж
Ŷǵϸ𼸷Ц⣬Ҳǻü
ҿɲôΪѾˡҹĿȥ
ǵ۽ΪʱҲ֣˳һֻһˡ
ڷ˲䣬˼ŭ⣬ͬʱЩȣҹȻ֮ǰͷƺʶҪǿѾĹơ
ǡһڳϣڵرСԺһžͿõǣɫȻ䣬ĿҲݺݵҹȥӣ벻ˣҺڳ˵˴̿ͣİΣæȴ޲
ⲻǸ̿ģʲô£ҹĿƽǣǲˣ
Ǵ˿΢΢زţһЩ裬ӵôѵӡⷬݼʵҹ̲סΪԷкáʵɣҪ׽磬Ӱ󼶱
ֻ΢΢ų̵վȣƬ̲ŻͻȻָҹӣҺƲѹ벻㾹ȻžҪ֮£㡭ħھưոݣ
СӣȻħˣһΣҲͷ֮ޡһλϴŭ
޸ƨҹӵؿ˶Էһۣռ˵ıˣҲֵõ𣿻˵ռˣһֱûռ
СӣˣϷһҪʬϣǳɫ
һ㱻ģǱ˵£Ż߳ŭҿ֢״ҹҡҡͷźԼľƣӹǡô𣿡
ϲҪ嶯ƺǶָֻĶׯţҹȥҹĪΪôô
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Ӳˣһڵĳ϶ڵҲ֪ô˵
Ҫô죿ۣܵ
ϵ˵ƺԭʼħԪֱӹǵľǶԷΪߣԪֱӵĹҲǷǳµġ
ҪôѹƵĻģǰʱ򣬾ѾڴϰҹˣĶʲô
Ϊα׽̴Է϶ἫͰѣô֤ͣԷ϶Ϊ
ǽɾǿˡ
ܷʵȴһһܴ󷽵سˣһǣҾǿˣǴôţ
ôţôţճ˵϶ǴתһȦƻˣҪܴҹվǵɲ
ȻǶ˵ǲҸǳɣһһϣҴǼǸȻɱ˾УҹǺЦţо˵Լ飬ȫڳһˣиȽϴǰᣬǵܴùҲС
ڳ϶ɫ־һأСӵԪȥǾҪԭرըˡ
Ȼһ⣬ҹûǣȱ㣬õǲһħҲһ⣬òҲܿ϶ɣһǷѾĻõȴһħǺǣ֣дС˵Ļ϶ܾʣ԰ɣ
ʣħڵ˿ɲҪôʵĽ֡
ϣ˿̿ҶǸоѹڵľȫΪʱûһôŻڴҪܿǲųء
ҪħʥħڵΪʲôҪħľΪʲôħڣ
ôӦúܴǵģϿɲô²⣬Ϳ˵ұ֤ܹǿкܶͣҪҹ˵ħʧأõȴħɾʲôýͣħڵǧ˾ˡ
Ƕ̫Ⱑǻһҹɨһ۶Էɫֽ˵ȥҸող˵ҿ˺ŮˣŮ̺һ£ǼҲԽǣôǲǺܴ󷽣Ǻܸжɣ
ڳϺ޲ȥҹջǺǵûг֡ͺˣȥ˭˭ɲ˵
ߣӦ㣬õһħһϣȻֱڿʵڵͣſھͰ⻰˳
еĳ϶ŭصλϣô˵ѵŮһҹ̣һ£
λʵڵĳҲʶԼĴͷ̧ˡǴҴʤߵ̬һתҹôġ
λʵúãҹſʳͷʵĻɫҵȻûа취֤ǵľħ취þͺڣֻҪ˺ŮЩܱȰħֵ˲ҪõöɣҲǱŻӮһһһһԭġ
ЩϻħڵĳȻЩ⶯
ô˵Ҫ˺ŮӸҹˣ˵˻֮ôԶˣ¶ȥħҲ˰
źҵĿһǡ
Щǿڣһ壬ΪħڵǧҵŮܲӢµ׳٣Ҳǰɣ
ˣֻܽˡһǳϿҵ
Ҫô˵ħıһ˶أǲҪʲô
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Ŀ˸ǲסţҪҪҹԷڴʲộѵҪĸŮֻô򵥵Ŀ𣿿ոյĸоҹһɫ֮ͽôʧܣ
һħֻһĸŮĻħԨκˣ֪ôȥѡΪħڵ¶ᶯġ
޳ܶҾҲ㶯ҷֺﻹûнѾŭӵ
Ǻǣôҹ˳ֳһ˿﷭ȥز鿴һҲ֪λŮҹԼңϵģȥ̰ɣ
㡭һŭˣԷŵģ˿滹дּ
ŭĲǶԷⶫ˿ǶԷˣȴδ󺰴̿ͣûˤ
ұҲſȷĽ֮ģû뵽㾹ȻȻĸ׶£ߣһŤͷǱ޻˵ˡ
ҹȻģҿ԰̶㡣̾˿˵
ŶҹٺЦ⻹ֻһ֣أ
ڳϰǳݶҧˣһһɫж룬һĸŮȷǺˡ


418 
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ӻЩǴ˿ȴһɫȻڳΪޣǰ֮ŮȻٸĴˣǴħΪΪħڶԸΪħڶӳȫһƬġ
ħڵĳǶһգոǾȻȥҹ˼һЩƤˡ
ǺǣǾͺáҹȴһ˿˵ζ
ڳҲһ£ŷӦζһ̾ˣ⻰˵ãƯ
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Ȼʲô鶼ԸȻҲҹ˵ˡ
ôģСӾȻĳɹˣ
֪ӴʱǼｻǣǴʱƺѾ˻صޱŵ״̬ʵ˵ûʵ̶ӣ֪Ҳһ飬ǰͲո˫ޡ
ֺһͷŤһ߶ûϴô󣬶һԴ۾ģûпԶŲִָĻ£κη߲ĵط
ڳҲǸпҹʵȷĸŮҪû£Ҳĸﲻǣ
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ͷһȴ򶨵仰ʲô˼
˼ҹ΢΢һԳֲмող̽һ¶ѣ㲻Ϊϰʮ̫ŸȤɣ
ӣ˵ͷβˣħ𣿡˵۾
²ˣħڣڸħɣҹĿҪ͸Էһ㡣
˵˵ǵ¶ŭɫħһãĳЩеС㲻Ϊ⣬׸ɣ
ǲҲ֪ǰҵв˰ϵ⣬Ǿ͵ҪǵĵˡҹŶԷ۾һգգ
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ǺǣһӾܸоֺαٸ¶أֳĵɫ
ô˵һҪҵˣҹҲָ򶨣ŶԷʵ
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ֻǲףȻҺ˴ľƣΪʲôҪӦŮ޸ңֻΪʱ𣿺ǺǡҹЦţֶ˾ƱԹԵعȥѾô࣬Ҳģðһ䣬ƻ𣿡
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ô˵ԷֶǸܣ
ħԨ֮Уⶾ޽ģû˵ֶ֮󣬻ܻš
˵Ĺ⣬ǲһʱѹƣǾͲ˵ˡ
ȥôŶԷĲ޽֮ɫҲԻҹ㲻ù򶨣СİأҪСܵˣ
ڳҲ˾͸վҹΧм䣬ͱˡ
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Ҫ˶һǻΧƨ˼ҸҲˡ
ڲˣҹ˶϶һΪѹڵĶأЩڵĳϣҲǾԵĸˣ¸˶ģ
浱ŮǵˣҹĿ棬â̵ǳ˶ֱӣȻϵŮˣǿ룬ǸǰʲôͬûУĻǴǰǸ˺Ů
ڳҹ⻰ʲô˼˵˺ŮǼðģ
С
ڣϲڣǰŮΪҲڵĴڣȻȫȨˡǼðģħڲ˵Ѿ֮
Ҫ˵ˣϸ룬ˣǰƺûô
ҲҪԻڣǼ٣λѵϲɫһһֱҹо綾ħڵıص֮λϵڻҪƭ𣿡
϶ȫһݣʱȥ˺Ůȴһ˶ħħˣʵɵˡ
ħħڵ𣿵ȻǣħﻹߣŶûУ
һ֣ƷС˵ϴʱģȻҹŽģҲڶԷԹͷˡ
֮ǰǶҹ˿Ȼûа취ҲֻܸſڼȻˣͲܽŴҵҹʮٱػȥ
ϵ˼ҲףɻûǶ֣˾Ȼǻ죬Ѿҹˡ
ҶһȻǸոռҹĳ̡
ӴҲЩɻӵʲô˼ҹҹһ˿Ҫ˵ǲǹЩͷӿɶš
һ˵ֵһȥ֣ǺҹӦáǰɣ
һ֣̾øƤһƣָ;ȻһۣΪצ˵Ҳٵر仯ţȻڵΪ
Ҳһֱǿųģȷ츳ˣССͣﵽڣ⻹Щˣؼ֮ǰǾȻһ֪
˿ûЩϵĿ⣬ָ͸Դɫڹ⣬ҹץȥ
ߡڳϻûзӦһƺ³һӦˣҲҹһȥ
ֻһĳǰڳһǺȻѾﵽ۷ľ磡


419 
ǾȻһﵽ۷Ϊְλ϶һǵӡУǻǳ̣һĸŮΪǲͣҲû쵽̶ֳȡ
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˳֣ҶҪһæģھȻһʱ˴֮УûһǰֻŮչ
ţչֳ֣̰ҹѾжûжսļһ𣿱˵ˣһˣҲ㹻ҹˡ
۷ħԨĶ˴ڣܹҲûжٸ۷壬ħֻʹˡ
˶ڸ۷֮жĲ࣬ΪǲŻҹʵη塣
һ۷ڣǲ˵ҹΪбƣħҲˡ
ħԨɲʲôŮ˭ʵǿ˭ܵΣοǵҲʺϽλӵģЩ϶һѹûС
ǵҶȥʱȴҹȻҲûٵ·磬ʼļеʯƺ˫̽ŶԷʵ
һ˵ĶȻӿ̻֮࣬䣬ָϱǳ糤ɫָצһڹҹץȥ
ǸǿֲϵԪ֮һƬ÷ŷžƲ˵ӣһαɢȥϵĶҲŻµ
ҹʱ¶һЩƣڵʯ֮䣬ȴһ˵ƣֶ̽ǺûĶץϡ
ôõľƣ˷˶ϧҹŲȥмǱȴ˵Ĺƶ򵲵ؽ
͵һͷ߸߾ƺĶƻ
ħڵĳǶЩ㱣ҹô£ǿԼɣҪƹˤ
ɿڵ״̬˶ееǺȶˣһС椶ֺǡ
ͷǶһǿ۷壬ģǵʲôΪУ
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һĥ⻰˼Ȼǣ˻ûʩչȫڵʲô
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ڳ϶ʽЩӣһʱ벻￴䣬һֻдϵĺӰǵı
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⡭ħڵĳЩ·̧ͷΧϤϸзӳҲħڣôͻȻִԽ˻ħĸо
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ˡ
ӰǵضȴӴѸٱСת˲Ѿֻ겻¡֮£ӰȻ΢΢زţܲסԷϵһ㡣
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ֻһ˲䣬һ̣ȫĿ֮£֮ǰ״̬Ǹղһ̵ľһô벻ͨΪʲôô״

ӰһȻ꣬Ҳ˿ʾͷʶޣ̷ڷŽ
ֻǵɫѾоģΪʶ֮Ȼûҹǿ
֣˿ٲԸ⣬Ҳֻȡ
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⼸λһ׷վԶûżֻ֣ᳯķ淢չ
ಡ
ҹûжڷźӰϵСȴѾ˳ȥ
СһԼѾԼôһСˡ
СһԴӽħ֮󣬾һֱûжҹĸ첲ϣ֮УҲ֪ҹôһɱﵡ
Сһ˶һСܣȻֱųʶ֮ûǵӰȥˡ
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ߣССޡףǡϾ̸ոҪɱ֣Ȼ俴˹ģȻһոͻϾ
һոտҹʶҪһʱ䲻ûйؿС˵ʶ֮ϣ˻֮£ǵӰˡ
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һģҹĺӰѾǵĺںһצĵ˵ϣסԷһҲܶˡ
λϻ֣ʶûӰӱסȴȣкڳ
ЩҲ֪ô졣ҹҪץǺͳҲ࣬ôʶǷǻħڲóĶ
ڳɱǳ̶ˣ󣡡


420 ͨĵع
ħڵĿУͻȻһżɳƵɤλħڳϵĶȴһըס
ڡ
ڳһȥҪǴﴫġ
飿֮ɫҲ˲ѿƺźܴļɵ
˲ǳ̣ǻħϸʱ֪ںδȴ鿴ú춯֣
ΪԳЩȡ
˻һħڵļλ϶ҲûлɣǾɻΪʲô˵Ϊһô࣬һʩչ˻ħڵһѣϾˣһų̺˹ȥ
ʶӰţȴͻȻ֮˳鷢ѣ̾ͱѿ
ߡƺĪľģݺݵҹһ֮Ȼж˸ʶ֮ϵһ壬Ʈ˳ȥ
̱ԷЩǱСǵӰ֮ҲûٶԳ׷ʲôֻҪѳǵĹȥҲûʲôˡ
̿󣬲ҪˣۿԷ˳䣬Ҳɵһա
ǰվλΪ˷ֹҹߣ˭뵽ӵľȻǺͳˣǵȫûзá
⻰ŸոأħڵĴѾڹ⣬ȻһķӣӴ֮дйȥѾԶˡ
ɶ񣡡ϵ˶ҧгݡ
Ȼ˺ŮҲ֪ǵǰ˶೤ʱ䣬ǾȻûһ˸оǶѼңֱ˾˵öˣ궼겻ˡ
͸˵⣬ǲšҹʱĵһ䣬λϵˡ
ҹһˣͨ˿ǾȻûһ˸ȷҸȥ

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ȻǳҲ϶ǰﲻʲôæܹ鲻ҹһ˿еΣա
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ҹû˵ֻǾԴȥ
һ̤֮󣬲һ۵ͨһµȥ
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ŶҲûпĻͳȥǸٷƴ˰ɣҹŶԷ
֮ǰҵȷһֱһ˿ϣңҲģҲû֧ȥϷһ˿Ц֪ľ棬Ӧò˴ϵȰ棬ȫ֮Ǹնɱǣų˴룬ͨĵعҲ޷ħѾˣ
ͨĵعҹ΢΢ü֪Է˵ʲô
ǴϵŮľŮûҹʵĻĿת
æǰһ˵ʦңĸǰ˵ʮħڰݼԭ£ػħš
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421 ̫ϳʡ
һʱЩң˼˵ĸ׵رȻħڵħһٶħһŽ𣬸۵ôϣҲ⹫ľĸ׸Բã
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ħԵĻҲͼˣƺҹڶʱҲֻϵȻ֮ɫȴ˼֣ħԨħȻ٣ȴҲֻħڲУһЩС֮Ҳħÿħеԭʼħ١ãͬħҲȻ޷ͨĵعȻһ֮ȥЩħСˡ
ͨĵعʲôڣָħʲôϵҹɫʵ
ͨĵعʲôطҲֻ֪֪ͨħͨĵع֮󣬻ԴԴϵĺڰӿЩħԨ֮Щһжأħ֮ܳΪħ֮һǿͨĵع֧š
˵ֲЩŭľ츳ߣδϣϣ˭뵽Ȼһ̰֮͵͵߿ͨĵعڤ壬ʹͨĵعرգϲòķȫֵˣ֧ȥ˭֪һ֮ǰҾħڵļϸð޽֮Ȼ֪޹ȫ֧ţϣͨĵعӿϴ֮£һ߻ָϣֻϧ
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֪ˣħʵѾûħͨĵعҲ޷ٴˣǿ»һʱ乥ħڣħڵʵͲһ
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ʲô˵ģֱ˵ɡҹûȥʲôֱʶԷĿġ
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㲻ѧʱȴ𣿡ҹǺһЦ
ȴǵȻࣺѾֻʣһ˿ħ¼ԭҲֻܳһ飬˵ҪȥʲôǵʸԸֻ̫ѣֻܷȥǣֻϣ£֣ܲ߳Ѿмˡ
ҹ鵹ЩĿ࿴ˣڲֶεģҲ޺̳Ҫģεĳ鵹Ե壬֮ǰ½ݵʱ򣬾ȻԼŮҹϲˡ
ħ¼ͲˣԼѾ˹Ҳתģֲ㿪ɣҪҲûʲôãҹ˵ҿӦءħڰɡ
磬ҡһʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
ħڣ鳤̾һĿҲȥħڳϦ㻹ػħڣ
ϴӦԸ⣬æصͷô˵ⶼĸ׵ԸֻһħڵӣҲҪħڡ
ҲգЩҲ޹أҡͷ̾ħݣ׼ħڣΪħŵӡ
л棬ϥڵϣ˹ݴ
ذˣָһ򣬡ɴǰɣĸԲ֮أϽ񣬴Ҳ㡭ȥɣ
ǡЩӵ˪һųָķȥ
鿴ȥҹƺʶԷǷһ
Ķɡҹֹȥһʶ̽ľ
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ħ̸ף˵Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻ֮סɴ۾ʵ˵ʲô޽֮
ǺǣֻһΡҹЦ
Ȼǿ˾񣺡ܽһΣ֤ⶾн⣬ֻϧϧⶾеЩ֪мְգ
ղ󣬡ҹüëžųɡ
оųɰҲųɣڷӦԷ˵ǲɣһɣɡ
Ǿųɣųɰ㲻Ҫס۷Ϊֻɰաҹ˵ѾʴҺһֱôĺڰˢ¾ûѾˡ
Ϊ˸һһŻķ֮ԭģ˵ֱ
ϵûа׷ѣҿԱ֤ˣֻǿôܱסΪˡҹ
ѵиձסΪİ취龪ȵ
Сҹͷ
ʲôѼòѣǴܳɣħĶ飬ʵΪԸΪ̫ϳϣ
ֻҪؿͨĵعҹȻ
ոС棬ʱһӱѹ
ؿͨĵع̫ϳʡˡ


422 һ˿ħ
鵱ȻҲʧһ£ʵϣҹ˵ɰղΪѾ㹻𾪵ˡ
ҹ˳ʧı飬Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǴӻһ׸˶Էҿʲô
һˣһĶôָܻϣ˼鱦ҹھľݣ˵ˣҲֻŰ졣
һͷ˶ʯˣôܣڤ塭ôУ
˿̳Ҳ֪ʲô飬𾪡ŭֶС
һ˲ǧٸͷﻮ̱ˡҹǵˣҲڼǸ˵£ְ
һľⶫҹģħڣħѾˡ
㲻ˣػħڵҹȥķһۣӦľõģ֪ڤֻҪܼ㣬ǴϣǾ֮⡣
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壬ʮ֮ǰʱʮ֮Բģ֮봿֮ںϣ壬ҹҲЩпӦþḷ֪̌һϼ֮󣬾Ϊһᾡһа취Դֻû㵽ʮﾹȻ˱ʣħƣħڵĿţо綾ŵ˽Ľ
壿Ҳ뵽ʲô˵ľڤħΪҪѹ壿
ÿһż弸ûа취ҽΣѹƶݴ˵ڤ֮ΪķѼѹʮںɣԲ壬ڹʮ֮󣬾ͻ˵ҹ
˵֪ǲܣڤܹѹƣȥһǿߣΪķԪѹƣЩ̫š
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˵ƺҲ׶Էָ˭ˣľڤ壬ٴλصħڵʱ򣬼ǲԲãҲѾ˾ͷ
»ֻĸҲһڰɣҹ˵һɵϣȻÿ׵ˡ
ˣƾǵʱΪѵĿѹƣ黹Щš
˵ִܣĸġ
ˣɲֻڤô򵥣ͬʱһħһ˿ԭʼħȻڤͬҹıҲЩҲµòľɷΪħ׼˴ľΪŮҪԻǿһǸˣֻԼж׼ȥ
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֮ЩǷҪ̧ͷҹʵ
֪ĸΪԼһ˿ĵ飬ҹҡͷڲǺܺã˸ĸԸħڵõʧȥħȻľ޷ٽδϣҲѾڣȴһ嵮Щ֪ģԶһհɣ
ĬƬ̧̣ҹȭл
лңҹһ£⣬л֪һħȴûнΪҶħȤ˵ֻһħҲûа취ʮħԨķӡ
ҪƷӡһ
ʵϣҪƷӡ˱ȱȽǣǽǧȥˣȴһûˡ
ҲƣһҪƣЩ˵ʱ˵Ҫҹ֪¶һʱ˵ģԻֽҹĶɣܴܲͨĵع
Ȼڤ壬һԪûа취ʩչεҡҡͷ
ûͨĵعĸ϶ܵӰ죬ڵ״ֱעڣҲʲô£ˣһ˿Ԫȥɡҹ˵
鷳ˡ뵽Ψһİ취κҹڣҲ˼ߴٶԷ
ҹָ̧֣ڶԷϣСһ˿ڰԪ뵽˳ڡ
ڴ֮£ڵõһ˿
ط֣ҹ͹ֻһ˿ܲСһ㣿
ף²۵ĳ飬漴ͷԪȷֻһ˿һ˿ԪȴޱȣͨĵعӿҪӴ
ǡħ
Ȼԭʼħȴȷһ˿Ԫ̺ħ֮УЩʮƵġ
ҹȻһħ𣿹ֲ˵Ҫ粻ɣ
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ôҪʱ̣㲻ĵʲôһѹ𣿡ҹ٩


427 һ֮
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𣿲ûôף


430 ǰ
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ά֣ܻάֲȥһ죬̫ϲŪıڶôҳϣȵһ죬ӵ˺ʵĻᣬһ˻ңҹתͷ飬ǸӡħڵĦһƺǴͨĵعħһڣͬģһлٰܿһڻٵ֪Ĵڣͨĵع𣿡
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ħӦǱеħʿڰĶŶǶ
ÿ˲ΪߵͣԺûٶĵȥηĦǸħܻкܴġ
óѡĻǲҹȥԣЭĿԺܴ󣬵Ȼⲻᵣպķɡ
ⲻǳģΪѵ顣
ĦѾߣҲûа취ȷԷʲôʱҹƣħںʥħڣǺܿͻħڹˣȻڶΪûлָҲѾڣԵֵڵĺϻ¿ֻʱһ£̾˿ҲΣħڵԪȷ˵òᣬ֪кδ㣿
ҳְֱ˵ҹһ˵֮ǰѾ˵ܻǵʮħԨĽ磬ħʱҲʺıߵʵܻӰƽ飬Ħ棬һȥħںʥħڵģΪﻹҪõˣǿǸ鷳
һѾôԷҪٷʵҹԲǶ֣ʱϵҲ׶༪ˡ
Ǹô죿鱻˵˼ҲЩڨڨ漴ɫҲҳ棬˵ս鶼̣Ҳ֡
ҪħҹͷҲ϶Է˵ڷӡͨĵعķѾĦĳٵǼħ˵Ѿ޹ؽҪҲˣͨĵعѾԶ״̬ħҲԿ
ЦһҲǶǱĦ˰Ķȥһħȥǣ
ǵһҪģҹǺһЦˣҶְɣŵôǿҲĸԸذæ
룬ǸǺôҲδػĸԸذæͰڣΪжҪˣôף͸ҹú˵
Ҫ۷ʱ̣ǷǵôһſܡȻܿѪ̸
ҹжҲ̫ǸոʩչУѾ֮׵֮ħ֡
ĦħܷռˣԿܣųħ˵飬Ҳɵ
˵ҹ鶼ţٳϣҹĳ̶ȡ
ͬģҲ̫ţҹ˵һħƭħڡҪԷĸ֣һ𼯺ƽ磬͸Ӳˡ
һ߳ħڵĻһҪСģΪħĻ϶ڵ۷֣϶ҲᶼϵĻӦλ۷壬ԲСѵϾҪҹԼŮء


431 ĸŮ
ħ⣬ƽ˼أ͸żֱɱ֮
ܳһʱħѱú壬죬ƺʲôĵʱ뿪ųǱ֮⣬ٲȻһƬš
һƬŵİУȴֲ֪Ŷ˫۾һħڵĴţǽͻȻðһ
ôħҲħڸȤ𣿾Ȼպĺ˶Գˣħڿ˴Ǯ˵ҹֵļϡ
˵Ķȴһ欣ȴֹʮŮˣȻջҹɣͻȻֺߵļǡ
һ۾ϳǷɲ꣬ܳݸһЦ˿ûз϶Է˵ĻƺĬʲôûбʾ
֮£ܰɳˣȻԷҲֻлħڵĺˣϺǺЦţڹάȴҲżϷʣһתͷżٳ̵λǺ˵Ů˵һ츳Ҫ˳С̶ˣɳŮȻҲ޷죬Сţʵ鰡
㲻˵ô̫࣬ˣҲῴġ̶Ƴ˶Էһۣǲмط˸۵
˿ٳ̣û֮ǰ崿䣬ȡ֮һĻ󣬲ò˵ʣʱ崿˵ĳ嶯һСЩȱѪš
ѾҪʾԼСŮȻñԭĳҪ˵ˣ϶ĸŮĲм̾ͷ༥
СӼҲ£ϲҪ⡣ǸȻЦһ£ǼȤĻ˵ʱԷ㣬ʥħҲպգЩЩūҲܽܵˣ˵ūҼʶˣֹ٣ϸϸҲУԼϲý⡣
ߡһ˦ӣֿ֮ȻһһСԷ˵Ů˶֡
˵ҪۿŮˣʮǱشħͻΧʩչĶǻħڵǲȷϣȻǻħħԨ˵ĸŮ
˵ֱǹ񹤣ֲħĸֶƭù
ϣ˲˵ʥħҪģǻħҲִ֣£ҲħھİɣȻˣֺα˳һŮأ˿ԷӣǽЦһʾʵҲֺûá
˵ǰչ֮һֱûгֹڿӦöħɹİɣҲ֪Է˵Ͼ˫ͬţȻĵ⻹⣬ź˰͹µģֲΪǣϷ򶼿Ϊˣն˫޵İɣ
ԭҲǸи֣ոūѾ˵ˣǼȤҲдһ£˵Ŀ˿ܻػӦȥҪѼһ֪ū⼸ɫ˼ϵķ𣿡
治֪߳ܣֳĻɫҲҪ̶һڣͷŤһߡ
㵹֪߳ܣҲûжŮʲôɫҹȥҹ˼ҲҲûôʱ򣬹ҹСӣɴûʧ֡
ô˵Ҳ֪˰̶һ˿Ц
˵һɫҲֻһ˲ѣôҹһ˺ҵ·أͰ͵͹ȥȻ˼ҵ̿ҪҪɱģǱﵱԶ˰̶ҪңҪӰѾˡ
治̶༥·һ֪Լõģɾ·ˣҹ۶ûһۣɼˣϵ˺·˶ûȤˡ
˵˱Ķܳܣÿ˵ϣ˶ûȤʱ򣬾ǴۣΪħڵĳǰңҹſϿħҲŪУûдƽϣԼȥͰɣ
ſϿԼˡ
갡ǽ
ʥħڵĳҲˣﻹûиĸŮأ˭֪ѾԼˡһеϵľӢ
ȡ˶˰ʱʱʱزһ仰ˣȻ㷽Ҳ˵ˣ²ܽģϷҲΪѣ˵ʥħڵܿ͵ǵʱǻĻ˵ǿħ֮ǰҪλȥˣλҪ֡
˵⻰ȻЩ˵Եʮֹ䡣
ʥħںħڴսڼħڵĸһԿţ˵ȥͣʵϾҪֻܱ֤ǲڴսʱ򣬱ʹʲôиƻ
ʵϣ£ǰгְѺĸŮɱˣҲʲôʹõֻǼϲûգŻѵġ
ֵᣬΪƾʥħھܰħڸ̤ƽĻδҲ̫͹ħ˰ɣָЦš
ţʲô˼ʵ
˵ĸŮħѾ꣬ħĲһƵĳ̶ȣ͵Ȳʥħڳˣ̹Ȼ˵˵ʱ䣬ĸŮһֱѰħڵħڣֻϧҲħϵӰҲĸŮˣʥħھǹħڣͱ֤һҵοҹ֣ΪôƵħڣ
ҹǸСӵȷѲΪħϵҲ˼أ֮ǰһӣʥħڣƺûʲôȤħƾʲô
ƾʲôҲ֪֪СӶϵŮƺǸάʵҪʤһʵöԸҧ鱾һֱţҹһȻȲˣϻţ֣ħ⼸ʵЩʥħмʤ㣿
ȳ黹ҪʤһҲһ
Ҳҹ֣֪СӺǿû뵽ǿȻǿһħڵʤһ
Ӻ˵˵ٻЩţϾ˵ɲ̫ͬ
㲻ŰҲ⣬Ӧ֮УҲ޷ʱʥħڳ˿ͷʱ֪ԲˣҪС̫ĸŮǶֵĻΪħھӪľ棬ΪʲôͻȻ¶ݣ˳
üͷѾмˡ
ǰ֪Ҳˣ˴ŮһԵ׵ħĿԶ׼ƾ˵ʵﲻĿôϰֳǸС̫ѲһȥʹǵļƻŲò˳
䡭
ڼ˼ʱħڵĴͻȻһ죬žҵҡʲôҺš


432 
䡭
ӵһ쿪ʼͽϵشħڵĻڴҲԽԽһҳһ
һӰзӶ֮ǰħڵҹȻοЩǱȴڹЦţħȡˣл
ħϺͺ˶۾һ
ˣҲҹ˵ʲôôΧţûеõĶȻһɸˣҪ˵
ħڵħҲȡ˵Ļħҧгݵ
ΪܵõħٰţĳЩȻǱⲻˣ˵Ҳʲô˵ġ
ǣʱҲնԷԪ¶Էɣװһԭװţû뵽һûкš
ǣô࣬ħ궼ûеõĶ龹Ȼô׾һ˵ˣҹһħСʵ̫ɺˣ
ħҲҹ֮ǰǸСѾͷȷǸ˶ԷһħһӸӽץסСӣϧһдۣ
ϣƾЩˣ»ְɣֻؿҹߣСӽƻϺһҪˣҳ±ȵ컹ѡ
֣Ҳһ£ҹöԸ֪ģֵĻħ˭
һħò˼˵ֻЩᣬƽ֣ߵʱٷʤܱСߵúðɣ
һҲǣҹˣǾʲôûˣȰħ˵
˵֮սǺĸŮʵʥħ˶డʥħںܿͻ֣˵ֿ϶ռ˵ġ
ãǾȰҹ˵ħĹʱ˵˵
һΪ˵ͬʱѾһԾȻҹˡ
ԭĺ˳һҲҲŶԷԾ
ʥħﲼõ˵ȷ٣ҪסҹĻЩȻֻǰһֻܿЩţܲܳס˵ء
ҹҴ£Ҫһ£ŭŻϡ
Ӵⲻ𣿱ôżҹһ˿ЦҿɶԷĽúܰǼǸӳһúء
Ŷһ£ȴмֵź̶ȥײǻգֻعͷϵħңԺֻһǺ£֤˵Ŀ֣˵ֶΣɲЩСѾͷܱȵġ
ģôôأҹ̽Է
ǲǲҵĳ⣿Ц
еҹҲǺЦţҾҴӦ㣬˿ɲ٣ǻ𣿡
˿ؽЦ˼ĿʥħڰΧЩɨһۣȲ˵ǣ˵㲻Ž㣬Ҳ̫Ļأô֤ˣͻѶأ
⻹ǸⰡҹҲ°ͣƺҲ취ʲôð취𣿡
˵ЦøջʥħڵĵӣЩϣоĳڴҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ㵱Щ˵棬һڣһ£ҾϽ㣬ƭҡ
ףɾˣЩأҹüʥħڵ˵
ĸŮֵĻʥħڵļλϣҲΪǰɣĿϡ
ߣոջ˵ҪֶԸҹھ뷴𣿡ϼֱŭɶ
ּŮ˵ĻȻˣÿˣôأ̶һ
Ǻǣ̶˽ңҹҵˣҪľ˵ĶҺȻôɵǶԸԼ𣿡˵ţҹ˸ۣСˣΪƴˣ㻹һ𣿡
̫ˣҹЦѾ߹ȥһֻԷŮӡ
΢΢ӣĽëºһǵȴܶԷİ
žžž
ɲǺϤĴ죬֮ǰûгֹĶ
ҧһϸŭӵҹȥʱֶԷؿƣףϧźôϵĲݣʵǳԲ¿ȥ
͡
ЦľȻǺ̶Ϸʵò˵ֻһ˾ˡ
ҹұö࣬ĶȫᣬñãħңԺҲֻ̺һô̶ϼ˵
ʥħڵ˶ˣħŵĴսôͱһĸŮˣˣ
ţȷᣬֻϧ̫һ²ȥڡҹҡҡͷ
㡭ȥɣ̶жȻֳһѶ̵ֳҹȥ
Ӷ̵ֵʱٶ˺ʱŭôѾˣҹʲôӦһ̳ȥ
̶һ̳ʱ߸͵ĺҲˣ̧Сɾµ㣬ЬϺȻҲ̳棬ҹµλȥ
ĸŮ֮ǰڻڿֱ̣ѶԷ˵µһˣͲϰݵӣһ֣ϵȴ޷졣
ʱǳֵĽǶȣҹģһ֮£ʮоŸ붼Ը
ϧҹʣǰʵס̶̵ͬʱ̧һ̤ں˵Ľűϡкҹһӵ̧ţ˺ϵأһŶ̵ڶԷĵϣһǰԼĽŵҹĽ¡
һĻʥħڵ˿һĸŮȴǳһ
濴ԩһ˿ûĸŮĸ飬Ǳ˴ˣΪˣеĶ֣ĬڳԿ
ҹˣҵʵ̫ɣţ֮ǰħڵʱ򣬶ԷҪԼһУҲôɡ
Ҳ˵̶̵ʱʵһˡ
ϣǻ̴֣к֧Ԯ
λǲΪˣʥħں𣿡һ˵ţʵѾ۽ˡ
ȻĸŮķͬҲĲĸŮƾڵˣҹ
ϸոһȥҹְѺƿһȭżҹȥ
顭
ϱһȭѪӿյֱ۶ЩˡˣΪʲôŮֻ˼һȥͱˣôԴ
λǧңͱҲˡҹ˵ŵʱ򣬽̤Ŵ󲽣źķѾԶˡ
λǴô죿ź˵
˵ЦˣҲҹʵɲ⣬ֻƾŮӣҪʲôҲԵΪΡ
Ȼ˵˺ѵҪԹۣ֮Щá
ѵϲ˸ҹ˸Ͳش𣬡ԶҶҲˡ


433 Ϊ㱨
Ҳƣ˵ģǶԷ֣ҲˣȻˣɾ˭ץˡ
˱ʹƣǲҹܵΪҹܣƾܵõħĿҲС
ʥħھͲһˣҪôﲼãҹʧ˵ĻȵŴӳϸֹˣҪô
̸׷֪ͨˣҹ٣ϱϢ֮ǰһҹˡû
רϣҹʧķ׷ȥ
ǹҲûõģЩˣ٣ҹͲɱġѵ
ߣǺʲô߼϶Ůʮֲð
Ҿǲһ㣬ֻҹտ˵õħ˭ûۿ˵ĿתħڵĴţħͻħأ
ŶҲԥһ£ҹħڵϷǻпܡ
ҹ˻᲻ħһϷ˵Ǿ˵ҹǸСѾͷܺãһΪһϲŮˣǻʲôó
˿ħڵĻڴѾҹһӣתƺҲ˱ıԵ
ڼϺͺ˵ע֮£ںȻ֤ҹڸħϷˣƵúܳףħѾȫ¶ˡ
⡭Ҳû뵽һѾħڵĳǱ֮ǰ
ʥħڱҪǰȥǼȴ֣ʾҶҪ
ħڵȽϹ죬ƾЩˣóȻʱ򡣶ħڴôʱ䣬ȥ̽·ĻǼõġ
뷨ҲֻǸ뷨ѣҲֻ˳Ǳ֮ǰԾ˳֮ϣȴҲûиҽ
˿̵ħѾˣڴʧŶԳ˼ưܣڳڸû˰Ϣƺһ˲䣬˶һ
Ǻȴ֪϶ҹɱôˣɱǸѾͷ

ͻȻһЩƲⶼǽҹѾͷȤĻϣҹ֮ǰãȫΪԷһħҪֵóεĻõħ·Ҳ
һ˲䣬Ҳɻˣ֪ʲô֮ħڳ黹ţóȻȥҪҲʥħڵȥ
ȻʥħڼҲɵӣӸղžڴţúŮȥ̽һµ⣬ôԼ˳ȥ
㿴ңҿ㣬˭˭ʱƿ
ͷʱ˷ʥħڵ˰󲿶ӹˣ֮Ŀ϶Ǵĳϸ֡
֮ǰúǼֵ飬һӲˣмʮڵĳϣҹʵǿҲȻֲסôһӵϰɣ
˷ܵǣ⼸Ϊ׵ģʥħڵԪ
κһŵֻΪʵһѣǱȻڸ涼ܹһĸ֮һڵľ֧
궼ûɵһֵʱħ̾ͿǰŽᡣ
μ̾ʹʥħڵĳϺ͵ӣ
ϲö񣬡ԪֻԻһ֣תͷ˺ˣħǺƣȻ͸ħڵڲڿֻǿæһˣħڵĵطռˣĸŮҪô㣿
Ŀ˸֪ƾԼŮ˵ʵ϶ǺԪĶ֣ߣǶûʲôϣ
ֻԪǵĴ㣬ȴ֪Ҫʲô
ȻҲ֪֮ԪǿĸŮɫȻǶһȵɫоԵջһ֮ǲʵȺЩŮɫʲôǵľ
֪ҪʲôֻҪ֪ģȻԺ˵
Ǿͷ˴ҹһħڰɡԪĿħѾưܣѾһƬŵţȴ˿ûӡ
Ȥǲһ˰ɡ˻ûлӦһ
ĸŮЩصı飬һ̾ԵЩ
ĸŮ΢΢
ԪҲһ£ΪʥħڵĶѾǺܿģ⻹Ϊ֮ǰЩʲŸı䣬ڿħһǻҪ硣
ǰһЩ㱨һ¡
ħòһֱƽʵϣԷ֮ǰѾڴħڵˣǶҪöࡣ
ԪĿ˸һ˽ʱǱߵĺˣҲڰ֪Ϣһħڵܻ㱨š
Ƭ֮ͬʱתͷȥһۡ
Ȼ˿ǵ鶼̫ãĸȴģΪռħڣ϶˲ٵ
ʱ̣ȻһҹɵذҪĳɹӶˣʵǷŭ㣬ȴûеطȥй
˭ۿҹħĿһʵ
æǰ˵ҹϣһħ֮ħڵĻڴ󣬴ħԭеħԼ˵ģûʲô˿֤ʵ֮ǰҲǲҹħľ֣ȴ޴ȥ֤
֮ǰȷ޴ӿ֤ڣȴЩͬˣԪתͷȥȻǻħڵҲˣǾͽħ̽һ̽һ۷ĺˣǳ黹ڣħڵʵ۷ʱҲκβǡ
ĻҲЩħ־ڱصõĶȻħڳӣǲħ˭õǾ֮ٷָ°ɡҲͷ
⣡ԪһЦħڳǱ֮ںȵ飬㻹ڵĻһħڵħҸһ򣬾ͱǳ֣ħڶٵˣŵʱҲ޴ɲء
Ԫ˵仰˶ĬȻ뿴ħǲĻ˻Ӧ
ʮϢ֮ԪΪлӦ׼ֵʱħھȻ
Ԫħ䣬ȷǵסֵҪħնɱĻҲܣƽᶨƺϵǰľôħڵһУλܻȥΪܵõħڵһУδ̫СˣӦ֪֪ħڱȻ٣ֻʣһڣҲһѪƴֻڣףĵ˲ǣңǸĵ˳ɳµ顣
˵ҹôԪһ뵽֣ħڵħıȥˣģȲ֮һɱҹΪ㱨𡣡


434 
Ϊ㱨⼸֣˵ҲǷǳƤ
ǰ˵ģǵҲû˵ҹħڵħǻħڵĸǰҹɱˣҲǱˡ
ֻôһ˵Ҫħڣ¶һ
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ں˵ʲôüȻ⻰ҲĪ
ǻ֪ĦѾħ︴ˣ˵˵ֻǸһ֣õ߼ħҵʵᣬֻ߰ӡ߷ѳʵûκ飬ʱ򣬿²ħԨħԨӡ֮磬ҲᱻָԼʵңӦףû˿ֹ֮Уǿκ˶һҲΪǧǰѾˣĴѡ
˵ʲôħĦ棬ħ︴ħĦԪһ
Ϊ֮ȴ֪飬˵ģֲʲôٻ
λҪԾΪڽ֮ǰҲ֪ħȻӡһĦʶ׿˵ӡʮħԨΪԼʶӹһٵ࣬ҲλһȻΪλܣΪ˱ʮħԨħһԼУҲ͸żΣʵˣĦ׼һ֮ԭ֪ԼһԲð׼Լķӡɢ߼ħܴƽҥԣʵҪǰʶѡ
ԪǴǱ˵ģǿ϶ᵱԷڽλǶڳ˽⣬֪ԷҪѣҲӦòڼǧǰħĦ£Ϊ⻰ʵ̫ˡ
֮ӦôԪʵ
λҵĻõİ취ħһչأĦǵȻˣ֮ǰȴڸҹֵʱֻ̫Ҫûеõħò߷ʮ󣬵ĹˣҲ֮ʱˣǸ˵֮УֻһʶģԾ㵽ʱҲԵɺϵرˣҲٳΣա
һʱٴγĬƺ˶ڿų˵Ļ
ʵϣģҲֻȼ˶ѡҾҲ˵һ˲䣬ͰеĶͨˡ
ʵϣҲǲҴλ˼·ԲŻһµѡ˱졣

ͬһʱ䣬λһһ֮ƺӶԷ۾￴˴𰸡
飬˵ƺ޷죬Ҳ㣡Ԫ̾źա
ȻҲ飬һ֮󣬶Գ˼ֱӣһƮĹ£ҪƭǱڼʮ꣬ıɹˣǿɾħǧŵЦˡ
Ǻǣ֪λ϶ţҲִ㣬ħһУλɣ͸һΣҲ֮У⣬ҲòһλһҪغеħѡҹõҲҪĦõ
ԭҹһģ׾ӵַ㾹ȻҲõó飬̫ڸ߿ˣ֪ˣʮǰҾ͸ýħڳԪЦŵ
λЦЦɣ˵ҲûдңҳֻҪסħڵһѪǵһ治̫⣬;ܴħҡҲ֤ħڵĻ𡣡͸Ϸʣƺ˿Ѿڲ֮ء
ʵϣı⣬治̫ϲǰˣҪǵҹ˵һĦõ˷֮󣬸û˿ԶԸˣѶȥѶԷ
ڲУħԨҪ汻Ħʵˣħڿ϶ҲڲˣʱĽˡ
Ҳҹ˵ѣϺҲţΪħڸû˵ĵλҪħڻʮǰӣƣħҲСڴǶ壬ʵûлָӵİնûУڲ֪ħڵʵкǸŮڣǲҲܲµòˡ
ħѱǰ£˵ʲôû̫ĿŶȡ
⻰Ҳֻԥһ£׼һ֣ܳ˵Ǽ٣ҪչأҲҪħȻٵħڵħ˵
˵úܶԣħڽңһʱ֮ǰߵҹǻħڣҲ²ŵǸĦ϶޸ʶо޴İʶǿҪ͸ˡ
ҹϺͺˣһ˵ӣ̾Ե㱨
벻֮󣬾Ȼתͷо仰·㲻ߣԴһû˵Ԫ֮䣬ʥħڵѾԶԶҹΧм䣬һǽ㣬Ҳó·
ʥħڵĺԪɣҹɨ˶ԷһۣΪոΪħڲܵģ
˵Ϊ³飬ΪѾͻﵽһ߶ȣҲҲ˼
ȻǺԪѾҹ˳ǱߵˣΪ֮ǰȰ˵ǰħҹҪԳ鶯ֵʱߵҹȻ˻ֹϵֱһĿȻ
ˣҹȴȷط˶Է뷨ո֮ߣΪҪһĦķڲڣֻϧħҿҲԶˣһӰӶûпʮħԨѾʼˣҪиýĻھͰħҡ

ЦСõ֪ܵҪƭָһ¡ƾǰһҹܸıʲô
ҪħͿûб¹ȡˡԪγһѳȻʥħڵħ
һŵħȻǲ֮Ҳʱ̶ϡ
ʥħڵħǡǡһѳħҲǱǰʱ򣬺ԪҲⳤʱ̴ϣһ׼ħڣȻѳǱ˳ҪħΪʥħڿһεĻҵ
ֻҪα˾ͺáҲЦš
׼˭ϣҹʵ
ʥħħڣѾȰħһ˵֮⣬ԶԸ㣬Ȼڵĸһ𣬡ЦҪǸ㵥취ûˡ
ˣֻһ¶ѣҹҲЦΪΧҾûлظһ飬ҸողΪǲߵġ
˵֮䣬ҹѾ˸ֻܵʣӰˡ


435 Ħħ
ʥħħڵˣҲǳ˼ʶһ߶˵ӿɲǡһ߶ܵñӻ죬Ҳ˵óڡ
˵˵Ĺֶиǰÿڶ۷ǿߣҹƴǲɵˡ
ҹ㲻ǲħ𣿡Ҳ̵
ǺǣļԲôҹܻڱ߸Էһ£˵ǸղŲħڶܣΪܵġ
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ʥħ˵ħڵӹ죬ҲԶöࡣ
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ۿͻѾ˵ҹ󣬻ħڵ˶¶ϲɫۿչȻûħڳϵϣҲӶ˼Ժ
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ħڵֶι죬ʶĿ£Ϣʶ֮ǿĻʶĴڡ
ڣħڵȻͰҹ֣ʵУʶ֮Ĳˡ
ˣȻͱħڵ˿ƵģҹҲ⡣
ΨĸŮ֪һЩģҪʱһϸ˿ʶٿҹͻȥ
Сģҹʶ֮ʮ֪ѾЩˣѸٰ仰˳
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̶̵һԥ˲䣬ǵ˿ˢһչͻ˸ʵʵ
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ǰѵǺԪҸոͣ˵һѾþˣԪҲûԪѵӦõڵϲŶԣôܻǰ׷ɱҹأ


436 ǧһ
һʱﶼ󣬴ֻ˲Ͳµ˶ߣһǱȽϤħһȻҹˡ
ȻħѵȻѾҪΪ˲ٿأ紫˵еķɽһУǰѵ۾ֹסĻȡ
ħƴƴ޷ǾҪԷϵħʵеԸ
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ԪĶѪѵ޸úãħôҲܻصˡ
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ʵҲڱϾԼˣֵʱ򣬶ţ̽һ£Ǹɵ˸һ֣ˣµҲˣڶԷɵͬʱԼҲűɵ桭
ε֮Ҳʶҹʼƻźǲƾһڵܲץסҹһ⡣
Ըȥ׷ҹʱһ٣̷źŻɸԷ̫һ˼̰֮´ȥ
ԪҲһͬԸ³Ϻ͵ӣҪҹ̫
Сʵ̫ǿڵĳϣҪӵҲ̫ס
ץҹЩǵ˵ҹٶȱͿ죬Ǽȸϣִ򲻹ĻǷźŻǵʱ򣬹ҲͲ˶ԷӰøڵĳǣΪһӣҹҲڱɱֻҪܼһʱ̣ǵ˸ϵҹʵͨ죬ô˵Χ֮£Ҳֻ·һ
ԪԵͷոҹ֮ܵҲΪǶŸոոϵûзӦֶԻħڱ൱Ľ䱸ҹ˿ӡ
ƻħǱҲҵ˼ٶһڶԷϣڷҹѹСˡ
ħǱߣҲͬȻóһӣҷԸ򲻵ѣԶʶҹ
ħڲʶֱǰǵצεһ
һʱ⣬ֻмˣʵΪԱ
ʩչʶͻȻǱԪħ˵ģʼٸȴҹʶҹοأ


437 û
ڳϸ֣ȫѰҹֻǵõָʾǿҹ֮ɱۣҪȫͬʱϢ
Ȼ֪ҹڵѾħڸгڷֻҪҹˣ綼֣һ֣϶䵽ħڵС
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ȻһƺϣԷһѸٷźţŭţ𣿴
ˣˣֻڻףҵҲʲôֵø˵¶ǰɼλϣҹ˿Լٱ¶ȻûеһʱܣǾֱһ˳˹
ҹӦ֪Լܲģ־ܣħһ
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ϣȳŤͷһﵹµʱϣмӾȻã֮Уʱһ
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ҹһ·ӶݣȴûͼԶڹⶺǵһӿǣ˵ֻʥħڣħڵΪֹһ˶ûС
ҹ䣬ɲҪϵæԷͣȻﻹǺܸˣ䣬ôһҲ㰡ʵŲң֮˽Ѱңʵ֮ǰŵˣһֱûзҹ١
⵹ҲʵħڵλһȥңӰӶš
ԪȻŭҲĬصͬһȫɢ
Ȼû֮ǰֹϸڵظͬһ·ߵֻʥħڵҹ
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ڵĽôѹȥŭ֪ҹģĻҲһ
ȥɲУٱҹ˼ӣǸħ֮ʵĲͻ𽥵ǵʱҹˣٸħʱҲᴦ·硣ϰԪ˵š
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ףҹûܣеӾȵط֣ҹαǷ֮󣬾Ȼûܣˣÿ죡
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Ѫ⼸λϿȥ֪ǾҪʹʶ֪ҹʶ֮ǿ󣬶ϵˣҹǰѰҹʥħںԪǰħʶɱҪ
ʵҲжϣħʶڱħ̴ܴ֮οħնϵİҹء
ֻǴ֮ǰֻžҹսҹʶûȥ⵶ʶơ
꿦ꡭ
λ϶ڵϣȻûжȣʶܴ֮վվʱҹֽ֣ʣµļӣȻʥħڵĴ˵ϡ


438 δ
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ҹ΢Ц𣺡˼ҸħҲ졣
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ⲻǿܣΪǺܿͻܸǵĴ֮ǰһµҹֳŶԷȥ
ԮĳԻԼĴ֮Уսıѧٶʩչʶ
ҪҪʶǰĳ̾ʹѡ
ֻϧѣٵЩ˷ӦѾЩˡ
ЩֻüãȻءһʶѾҹơ
λվʶ𣬶ļӣȻҹȹǡ
ʮڵϣһҰۻĸо
ôźˣҹǶڵϣȻûһ˷źţʵ
ڳҪ˵֮ǰѾˣӣ˶һһǾû¶ҳˡ
ҹվ϶Ǵúһȫһ˵⣬þǷźţߺ˲Ҫˡ
Ҫûˣҹźŵĺ壬᲻ŭȺϣ
ڳǶʶҪǱҹè壬ɲ˵
˵ʶһ飬ҲǺܵ鰡
ﻹûѾһ˳
ЩһŤͷͿҹֺԾضٶİЩĳϵǣϣҲȱˡ
ô£Ϊ׵һϿ龰Ҳǳһ
ΪҡҹûйأЩһֳ̾
Ҫʶ֮ǰĳ̾Ȱ仰׳ȥʡһ˵ˡ
ĳһ£ʲô顣ʲôԭ򣬷߶ҹʼħڵˡ
Ҳ룬һ˳ʣһҹȥ
֮ǰļλ϶ǰһûصǵĸޣȻֵǼ˳һˡ
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ĶһƬʣѶϽҲ̹ܿȻʶȷûˣÿ˶һȡ
вҲëҹǲмؿһȺϣʥħڵ˸ƴƴǲʶҶƹϵģİ
ڳ棬˵ԸƵģʶһģòƻûľѾء
ҹ㲻Ҫ̫ţΪǻħں۸𣿡Ѹٵؽӽš
ڳһ̾;ȻȴǻħڵĴϣҲ۷ǿߣҲʲô
ǸᣬҸոΪʥħڵġҹ˵仰ʱѾֻܵʣӰˡ
ħڴҲһ£Ϳ˵ڳϱߵı顣
С̫ᳶˣոջ˵ħڲţ
ϣΪǱ𰡣һس϶ʹš
ûôߣһԾҪȥ׷
ҹͷ΢΢ҡͷħڵб°ʶóҵѵûɹʶء
һݣոѾʮ϶ʶǰѵɵġ
Ȼ֮ǰûۿҹѰҹնʥħħĳȴˡһٶҪСģҹǰѵԪħҪǶʶ֮϶Ÿǿ˺ЧĶܲעġ
ȻҹԶӣȴҲûԼóʶҪƾԼٶ׷ҹ
δϡ
ŵЩϣòЩ׶δϵ뷨ˣǸոѾʵҹǰѵʶʥħһɱҲһ
δȻ۷壬Ϊʶĸ֣ȥԿǾǹȥȭȭһûбñףòƶǲġ
ںδϵȻˣû̫ȥ⡣
Щģ۷壬ڵĳϻܲסҹȷЩ⣬ڣȻ˵ѸնɱٲסҹӦǲ̫ѵİɣ
뷨δϳǰȥһҹͿܵٶܵˡ
ڣҹٶòҲûô죬һѹƣ׷ҹ
бһȻһ̿Ͱ̵
ԭǸսĸְҹҲһ¡
ħòƶʶǾѡñҲǳ֮࣬ȽɵıǸѡذ֮ĺȻǶԼս൱ŵģֻ˵ݡ
δϿҹĿ⣬ҲЩȻ
ս˵ӦûҪǿΪʶϸǿһЩǶδϱ뺷Ľսȴܱȵġ
ڻħ֮Уֽսżɱ˶ΪԻħڵ˵൱ΣʱͻȻذʥħڵֶΣԻ˴ֲ˳Ը
ǴǰӦʶļ϶ͻȻڣȻѡ˲ʶֻ֮ܽͻȻɱˡ
Ϸӿˡδ
սţ˲𰡣ҹۿŶԷذ״̹һᣬȥҪһ㣬ȴţѸԶȥ
ܣδףҹһԼĽսҲǿԴҪˡ
ٶȿǲҹԼƤˣ
˭ܣҹȴŲæػӦţҵɱʽɣ

һ޴δҹıӰһðŶδȥĹ֮У޴󵽿Ҫ춼סߵӰӣٵرСš
һȥǸӰӲûнӽԶһ㡣
ǶδȴɫΪһʶĸ֣Ȼֹ֪۵ԽСʵ̺ܾܿԽ
ǰʵһӰе϶ǲСġ
ˢ
δϻӶذףһԪڹǵնȥԪꡣ


439 
ȴһ⽣ķ϶ﴩ
˶ɵˣħڵĵʶħڵĴʥħڹõıħڵֶΡǺҺң
ѾסźŸһѹδһ߻ذףæźЩĺ
տʼԼһҲлСʰǿ˶Էʶĳ̶ȣҲЩȣʶ˵ҹҪʤһ
֪ڵʶҹʶΪʱɱʽʶûΣøɱͬʱҲҪǿʶȥ֧š
ҹڽʱʶ֮Ѿһ۳һ˿ӽʵʵʶ֮ǰͷͻģһʶ
ֻҪ̶ֳȣڵʶ޷ʩչɱʽֻ˶Ρ
δϵķԸЩҲγѣ̽ͷźţٻͬŵĳǰ
ź֮ģȻֻǻħڵˡתͷԪԷֻҡҡͷ
ո˵ĶʥħڵˣҲûħʲôŵģȥԮħڣ˵ԼȥȥҲڱ︹Լá
ڸղŵķλǸСӦǱ˲סˣһģӦֻжγϡ̧ͷ˿źλã벻γΪоһ˿԰ҹסôãӦȥԮ֡
ߣȥ֮ǰҲźţֻźҲû̫ϣԭܼ򵥣ҹǻħڵ
ڲһˣźѾкˣѾо˲̸һ
һߣγϺҹòֺ
ҹӲģγϴ˿ҲѾСӵʶȻǿʶȴܴªټʱ䳤һŶԷͻŲסħ־ܣ
ħǻ𣿡ҹʵ
ţγҲһ˵û뵽ԷˣѯʣȻǸᰡֻҪ㽻ħǻħΪУħڣΪħڳϣô
òơҹɫãͻȻһЦô
γϿɶΪҪԼȰˣţͻȻһΣյľס
áͻȻ֣ҹʶȻʧˣʮֿ϶ǱԼԪ֮ˡ
ȻûбƣҪôʶ֧֮ŲסԼʧˣҪôǶԷѻһָιķʽڼ
ҹӣȻǺһ֣ԼȻûзʶص
ΪħڵĴϣγȻ˵ǸȫţҲȻʶʶ֮ǿӹɵģҹȻǰʶûˣ˲òԾ

һϺȣһ֮ģһ˿ӽʵʵʶ֮γ˸ʵʵ
γףԷʶȷʧˣʶûʧǱøԼŵĵزˡ
ȵǣʶ֮Ҳ൱ǿ󣬵ʶԪϣȻһʱ֮䣬ô޷ѳ
еǰһ˲ʧ󣬶ɥȪοǱԷסôܻ᲻᣿
γ֪ΣգذϵĹâҵš
ѹʶ壬ȴûа취ֹԪתһʱͷԪͼַʽƿ
ûħڴϣ˵ͲרҵһǻħڵֶԸĶ֣ҹų˹
γĶЩֻƴҪԪƿȻ·һ
һ̣ȻһϲΪԪһǿʶƺ±ǿԪ˵ͻȻʧˡ
۵ԪȻͣǸѸٵ֮ȥ۵һ죬ô׵ƿˡ
ԭô򵥣γϾԼǰҹ̫ˣ֮ҲǸѡ
һ̣ոҪʱúøҹȻԼƶķȻɿƣͷһ֪Ѿˡ
ƿ֮ʱҹһĹ۵ԪɢŶγҲ˿зˡ
ˣγûΪһеʧɥʧģڿУҲѸٵصԼֻһؾ͸ҹһ޴ľϲ

ԼһǺת˲䣬һӽʵͷѾ̽ǰһҧ
ȥγ⧲ʶһ۵һѪѾƻõأӸˣֱڵҳһ
˵רҵһ㻹ڳԿ˰ɣҹ˵⻰ʱѾ֪ﵽȥˡ
γڿһʱ䶯ˣ⻰˿Ѫ
갡ôҲûרҵȥʶһƸʶ˵Լ
ù͵ùˣħڿʶмңԼķ汻ܣҹڴܻħ˵ġ
ΪܴﵽĿ
γŭӵţоһѪӿϽϣſ
ֻܿЦòƣҹĿĻﵽˣıˡ
Сӣгɵȫš
γϣڸп֮䣬ͺ˵ȶѾϵһγϵӣһ
ҹܵˡγŴӿվҹ뿪ķȥ
ܵÿ죡ǱĶγϣһʱҲҲŰοĻ
γһʱǰҹҪҲͱڵòˡ
ҹڸʲô֮ǰһֱûжǻħڶ֣ôոһӡ뱧Թ䣬˵ʱͻȻ뵽ʲôʱͣ
Ҳɫص̾һǶСƭˣʼգСӶ䡣
ûΪǶ֪ҹɶͿɶڣÿ˶֪ĿȴǴﵽˡ
ҹֻʥħڵʱ򣬻ħȻ治˵ʵϵ飬ֻáϲݡ
ħѣֱԼ˶̫ԼᱻˣǶҹԼԸʥħڵͬ˾ˡǾȻˣǸʥħڲͬˡ
ʥħǱ߶͸˵ˣź͵һʥħڶû˿ȻǲעڴֿʼڣûֳκֵƣԶô೤Ϻ͵ӡ
ħڿʼռ˱ˣ϶ʶʧʥħ»Ҫöࡣ
ѵҪƾһ֮ħڵ˶Ҳ΢΢Щۡ
δأҹȻǳ֮䶼أոյʱҿѾ˲⣬γüͷҲһȹǣǶʧȥսҹ϶ǲѾ㵽ɵͣĿȴɻ󡣡
ΣСӶҪɣɫѾӿŭɱ֮ԪϵҪ֣


440 ˭
ҹѲڽ֮УϸĹ۲죬ͻ֣ᷢڵĲµı仯
ÿڵĳ϶ʮһӣһЩӣǵ֣ôһܹͬʱѲһϸ˺ܶࡣ
Ȿʥħڵİ취ڻħҲȻùҿڳ϶еĹ켣϶һʥħڣһӻħڡ
ӻڣʵȴûзֿԪɵº
Ԫûִ㣬ǻħڵܵشγҲ֮Ҳɵ
ʣ̸ʱ˵ģҹܿǧΨһһħͨˡӶԷܶγϣԼֺûˣܴߣѾ˵һˡ
һˣôӶΪҹζߣһҪħڶĥ״̬£ֻ֣ܹԸˡ
ҹˣ
źŴǸźŵĵӣȿ϶Ѿˡ
ĳ̲סԪԸţͬʱ
Ȼ˵ҪˣʲôͷĻҲôϵġ
ϴεĽѵ֮󣬳׷ںʩչʲôıĴ㣬ҲͬԪ´ͬ
Ҳɣ֮תԪС̫ƻںϼжʮϣҲûаһϵסһ˶ܣǻûа취
ԪͷͬʱҲ֪ͨʥħڵ۷壬һźųִ
û˸ϵص㣬źһγ֣ǸղǸλãǴݹϢȴҹʧȥټ
СӹȻǴ⣬˶࣬תͷܣҪץסºˡԪ޵ȵ
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һֱʧ֣²ΪֱأԪȴ̫⡣
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ҿҹӦòӣ˴ʱڵ൱аţֻ˲ɱĴĿĺҪħڵ˶֮ٸλ̸УӦħڣŻġ
ħڣ
Ԫ˵ģ
Ҳָо˿ͷһûпܡɱɱžҹ͸ħڵɣ
õۡ
˵ҪôԪʵ
ԭļƻôֻҪһᣬҪСӳĿɱֻһˣܽħڼȮһħԨºҲ˯ðȰɣ
ԪͬУħСӻˣǲ˯ȣҪҹʧߡ
֪ͨµӣҹ֮󣬼ʱͳҹ뿪ķ򡣡˼һ֮̾ʥħ
һ£Ҳ̷Ըȥ
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ⱾǺܼ򵥵飬ΪǴûԴһʼͺˡ
ҵҪҹôӵõԪ˵
ǿҹϴ֮ûж֣̾ӵˣΪӳһҹûаղŻߡ
ôȥֻҪһΣͻ޿ˡ
˷ҹ̶㱨
˷£ţһ߸ԪһǷȥ
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Сѵܷ˲ɣԪЩŭˣƫƫҲйĵط
ʱЩٴοźţƫԶĳ϶ӣ˱ҲҪϵģΪԶԴ˿̲ŸոһԭҪΧҹǣҹ˸š
Щ˵ǣεźžȻûָʾҹһķǷζţҹڸǽ֡
ҹΪǸϵ֮ǰʮλ϶ˣʵ̫ˣԪŭ
ֲò̾Сӣȷпʸ
ħٴźŴķһ׼׸ҹһ޴Ľѵ
ͬʱڸҹսڳǣҲСӦš
ҹǿѾ֤ˣҪСġ
ʮˣǿߣ˵ģ۷Ҳһˡ
ȻҹվűģҪһˣϣʵҲ̫İ
ˢˢˢ
ʥħڵĸλϽ󣬰ҹΧסؽĹӰҪҹӡмһ
ħڵĳǣΪʥħڵڻеʱҲôĹǣʶǧ򻯣ʱ׼͵Ϯҹ¶
䡭
ҹʵˣ˿Ҳ󲿷ֶڷأΣǿۻңҲ֪һ֮䣬жٵĹϡ
ڳھ̾ҹʵͬʱҲһΪȥĻҹıȻʮ־˵ģǿҲվǸˣܰ͹һֱ۷塣
Լ߾Ͳһˣλ͸ڵĳڸֻҪסһʱ̣ҹֻһ³
뵽϶еعעս֣Լĳһ©òĳɥʧˡ
־ܰɣʥħڵĳȻҹһЩΪ׵ĳҹȡ
ץסңǻһҹ˵ʱ䣬ѾԾΣÿһǽżһ㣬̷Ծߡ
ε֮ԭվĵط̱ն
һħǿԸʥħڣ֮ǰҰǵħնˣⶫ⳥ɡҹ˵ţ˿ҵػӵĿ˵Ĺ
ħ
ʥħڣǻħڵˣ̶֣лһ뼦Ѫĸо
СģСˣħڵĳ̾ѵ
ô˵ʥħڵڸոյĶ˰ģħڳϵҲǸղôʱˡ
ӸոյսȻʥħڸҹѹ󣬶ħڵˣ󲿷ֶΧҹ©
֮ǰʥħλ֮ԻͻȻҲҹץס
Ȼϵʱ򣬵ȷ֣һɹ֮ҹĹǿɾ͹ϵˣ֮䣬ûа취ôƽȥ
ҹߵħҵõһҹܾܿ͵õħκκŶǾ޴ջ󣬲ɵֵջ󣬾ħ֮һҲ⡣
ħڵ˾ͲҪˣǵħû𻵣ҹѹ˵ҲЩ˵ʲô䣬ڲɣҪҲħʥħڣ


441 ɵı
ʥħڵˣﶼһŭĿ굱Ȼǻħڵλϡ
ħڵǳҲۣܵȷҹ˵ĻҲܷϣոԼ¶ˣȷҲŲҹħó˼
ʥħڵˣûУ˼ǻͬ˰Ȼôǣ˵ҪҵĻҾ̲ˡҹϲͣѹһһ⣬ҲͣͬŶԷļ֡
ʥħڵĳȻҲǰ׳գ仰ͣҹ߶ħîϡ
ħóϣǸ֮ĶԹһʹˡʥħĳλϳԼҹ
⻰ʵҲšѾı˼˻ħڵĳ϶ǿɾͲǸζˡ
ȥһæ˰죬ôͰһ߶ˣаǶ˵ù˼
ҲţҹóħȥǵʶҲڵһʱȻĿҹתΪʥħڳϡ
һ˶һպùǻħڵĹҲ൱ģֻҪ͵ϮһֻҪһԷҲʧȥսˡ
аҲҰҹǺһЦǲתţȻԷĹˣȴһûиǿħǱ飬ҪħǵһʱʶҴɵӡ
ʥħȻ֪ҹںǱܵسʥħڵһֻۣһۣ̾ͷֲԡ
Щħڵļһ˿עԲҹϣѾǡ
ӹȻûģҹͺ֪ܲһ¡
ţ԰ҹСĶôģ⻹
ʱ򣬾ǲҲҪ˺ˣҲֻһͷžͰŻħڵˡ
ôſϰѶʥħڵʡ
ħҲܹģһҹ졣
ȵ˶ˣаȫ˵ʱ򡣡ҹһôֵĴ𰸡
ʥħںͻħڵ˶룬ħڵ˶ڸһ϶˾ͶˣԽ࣬ǺǣԽܰȫˡ
һڵõħһڶưոݣҹף϶Ǹ³ûеڶѡģȻڵ˶࣬ˡ
𰸣ûħڵ˸ӰģˣǻħҲԿҹڰħ˶ԷҪǿˡ
ǵĹøڷֹҹܵҲͼȥһ˶Էˣֻôʱ䡣
ʥħڵȻЩ˵£Ҳ޿κΣҪָӵЩˣͰҹ㶨ˡ
ˣѵȥɣֻϢ֮ҹͻȻ˵˾ĪĻ
ũһ㶵ʱ򣬹Ȼ˹ˣͬʱҹҲİħ˳ȥ
ߣǲж䣬ǰնʥħħİҹ˿һתŵޱǿԵһССʥħĳȥ
⻰ҹ׶˻ڸˣһ⵶ϵʱǸ˾ʱһ䡰ȥ̵ľҪˣڰҹ̵֮ǰһ˳ȥ
ħҲ׼ˣҪʥħڵĸλϣͻȻһҲͫ׷Ŵ󣬸һȥһû۶ˣſһȥ
ôħİҲٺһ
ڵһ˲䣬Ҳ֪ҹνħҪͻưΧܶѣȻҲû׼
ֻϧվôһİģ˭ǸոչעһŵĶأɶҹСӶƭ˵ôЧˡ
𣿾ͻԼһذΧǱ߶ѾˣԼЩˣҹο϶ڽˡ
ɱˣÿ˲סһڳҪΧȥʱȴȵطҹسˣ˵һĪĻ
ǻڿ仰ĺ壬ҹΧʮˣѾ׷׳֣ĿȻħڵˡ
ħжʮϣͻȻðҲʮͬڣЩڵʵƺڳϻҪʤһȵذѶָѹˡ
찡ҹԼһ˾ѾˣǴһŪʮڣ
üЩģҹԸ֮󣬱Щ˸סģЩûȥԸĳǣһԶҹ
Щ˺ˣǸκζѾ꿦꿦һء
ȶˣЩϷһҹֶ֣ȴûбøӺݶһ֮ҲͲǵ鷳ôһڵϣǽһ
ЩڱѹƵĳǣһľսν͵ţ˭Ҳ֪ԼʲôʱͱЩȵͬһ
û̫ãҹʣļ֮̾ٴγ֡ЩڶԿһ˵ĳϣûмܵأǱ²һˢˢˢͳƬصˡ
ߡҹһУӻ뿪ЩҲںϣת۾ֲ֪ȥˡ
ź𣿡һʱŷӦ
˶ЩĬòҲûʲôãҲǿźŲŵ߶ΧҹģΪײ˸ˣְҹץס
˭֪˼ҸǳģҹӲڲףڵˣ˼ҲڵˣһǸʰˡ
⻹ǹؼһʱ䶼뵽һ⣬ҹһӶʮ֣ǻҪǿħνϻ
ʮԸҹһȷãǼʮ̶֮˶㰡
ôȥҪô죿ѵȫڵĳ϶һȻȥҹҪôĻǾֻܵҹһǳϵȴϰɡ
ԪûЩϾõȣǿصġϡʱҲһͷƤ顣
ʮϣȻܰҹһʱ䣬СӵҪֲʲô̶ȣôĻԼôȥһְ
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ϢˣһܹⲻҹһˣҪȻ˵ǿѾ֮Ϊеͷˡ
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Ķʱ֪ܲʣĶı߶ĳǵùһħڵĳһù
ͻȻ֮䣬Ԫ˸໥һۣ˶Է۾ĵġ
Ƕ뵽һֿܣҹܴͷβûҪܣֻչʾԼʵĿ꣬ܿҪħڶУ
ܣܱıһǺܱɣܱɵı


442 ףǻ
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ҹ׷ȥɱħڵˣһɱħֻҪҹҲĵֿһ֮
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ħڣ϶ǳڸСӺʮڣʵǳ֮ϵĸ֣ҧгݵ
ͷβħڸҹһľ֣ЦǾȻĸҹһˣôá
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Ȼûвеģħڸĳϣ̾͵ת򣬳ħڳǱǱɱȥ
ҹȻ֪˶ԷıѵҪٱԷˣȥһжħ˵
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ҹһˣʵǿѧںھһ棬ҪǣСӽƻһʵǲöԸ
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һʱҲоѹƻ֮ѾƵİţȻǲ⣬λģ˺ͳСһֱڻħͣûаλҪĦ飬϶ҲҪרȥһеģʱСۡ
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Ħ棬㲻˵һҪҵôڸı𣿡ҹ̾Ͷ϶ԷȷĦ档
һжǰͣĦ˵仰ʱ˭óŨŨĳ֮⣬ҹǵ̫Ҳüһպϣ㲻õ⣬ȻòǾͻֻߣһ⸱ܹĶͬҲһ飡
˵ʲôǸǲһҲֲҰɣҹ߲²Է˵ʲô˼һȫظӦŶԷλá
ĦƮʱǰת˲䣬ȴڼԶ󣬸ǣʱȻǴʯ͸
Ħ棬ҹҲ˿Ҵ⣬ԷǴ˼ǧħͷǷӡʱ䣬Ѿǧˣ֮ǰ˭֪жꣿ
ôһħͷΪԪ̶ֳȣһҲǶԷĶ֡ΪĦʵܵ棬зḻ󲻵ľ飬Ҳڶûħ
ֻҪ֣ȻѲúܣ֮ǰֻһʶʱ򣬾ѾΣˣοڵõ
Ŷˣħڵĳ˵ħŵĦ˻ħһУѵľĦ죿ҹͻȻ뵽飬Ħ첻һڵѪɣ
ߣµòȻСӵ츳ЩǺѪǿҲܳΪˡĦ⻰ʵΣֻǲô԰ˡ
ԭˣħħ֮Զ㾹ȻȥⰡҹɻš
Ħ̬岢⣬ȻΪʲôͽһᣬôԶȥһ壿
Ħڽħʩչ׼ɵҵΪȿԵõͬʱѰһħ˭ϵߣҹ˳𣬱ǲǵġĦ˵ٴŭ
ë߹ϵҹƵһȵȣĦ죿ŶˣĦһڲļһԭȽϽûа취
ڲ˭Ħôˣ漸Ҳú˿̳Щɻ
ڲħŵĳϣиĦ֮λǵħɫ΢΢ЩȻ
ʵϣڲλ飬ҲŻħڰв֣ĿȻǼҲһħ
ħԪ沿Ҳһ£ǸĦ첻ǱڲŻ
ҹĦЩŤˡ
ҵҪ˭ҹɫ֮ǰĵ٩Ȼаҹٿնȴնһʯڡ
ۡ
Ӳüֱ޷𻵵ʯڣҹĵһ鱻ħڵ궴ͨֻ˲ҪЩնĴʯסͨˡ
Ҳ˲ȥ궴ٳʲôӣǸһͷȥ
ҹնһƬռ䴦Ȼһһʯϡ˿˵΢΢ȣȴǷߺޡ


446 Ⱦָ
㾹ȻҵҵڣʯϵӰûжӸµҹѵ֮⣬ĹҲЩŹ֣ҹȵħعʱ򣬻Ҫǿڵ㣬ѾʸҺ㲻ҲҪƿʮħԨķӡ֣ƿӡױ֮ħĻԻͣҲһ췭ظ
ǸýĦ죬Ħ棿ҹʯŵǸӰ΢Ϸʵʵ
ߣҹҪΪҷҪɣȻǿЩҲǵյʶ壬Ҫɱ㣬ֱ練ƣĦŭ
𣿡ҹ˵ֵʱѾ̤ʯڣеİҹҲĦȥ
ɶ񣡡Ħ׶ЩŤҹȫһҲòݱ档
һνʮѸҲ˲һλһûп̫
Ħ棬ҲΪҲ֪ʱ䣬ҼȻܷʯҲ֪ͬЩʲôҹĿ⳯ŸոĦռλһۣȴһ˿Ц⣬Ѿɵòˣռ˸ˣ
ңĦǴŭˣոշ˺ܴʩչ˼ԪħǱʯ֮УҪѲĻħħȡ벻ֻһȻҹƵòòʱ֡
ӿɶǣҹҶħ飬Ҳ֪һ
ħƻһ֣ÿһöİŹģħ֮ԻصôأΪҪκС
ħڵˣҲֻǵõ궴ĴУ֪ħʲôط
ʲôңʥħڵħѾ𻵣ħڵǿڤûв´ĻѾգҪȻ㵱ߵ״̬ܻܲ˵㣬˵Ѿõǵ£ƺûа취ٵõħˣ㻹ʲôҹŶԷ۾ǲħҪǵҲҪõħɣ
Ħȭͷ۾ɱԷȻûȫ˵УҲȥˡûһħҪɷѸʵҪðŴһķգҵõȴֻԭһ룬±飬ôԸ⣿
ˣɱˣ͵ɵñ㻹󣬡ҹĦ֮ǰһʯϣƽ뷢裬ȻɱңԶ֣Ҳһɱңò˵۹̫ˣȥȻһƹ壬Ǳƹģ㲻ֱҸŮˣ
ĦʱҲƵҹ˵ģ֮󹢹ڻġ
Ҫ˵ѡ壬Ȼӵźڰ츳Ԫ֮ãֻôħԨҪһӵкڰ츳ʵ̫ѣοҪͬʱ߱Ԫ֮塣
֮ǰҹĦ汾ΪүΪСӲкڰ츳ɹľǿӦûʧȥ֮ͯҲνԪ֮塣
ϧ̣ûжɹԷôҪڤ֧ţӳȥҲû취ˡ
ƾŶħĸӦֻѡԽ᲻̫ѵĦ죬ȽǣиѪȻûкڰ츳ҲȽ
û뵽ڶ֮󣬵õĦļȴ꣬ӵôԪ֮Ҳˣôıô¶
ħܣڼǧǰޱ߷Ȼõһȱ˷Ц壬
ҲȥڵҪһΣǻɢ³֮£ֻܼϣδȵ㹻ʵ֮ƴΪҲҪһζᣬõ塣
²ܵõҹŮǿ츳ǿˣҡҲ֮
ͷܶ࣬ĦȴûжڵʵȻõħʱʶҲǿʲôҪҹռ̫ıˣֻܾˡ
ҹС㣬ħԨķӡǵ˲£Ȼҿǵʵǲò˵ڵ˵Ǹ߲ʵǿߣĦͣƬ֮ϵı鵭Ȼƺǰһɲ⣬츳һԴƷӡ֪Ҫõʱ𣿿һ꣬Ҳ꣬ãڵҶһõȻ̫ѵԸķһʱ䣿
ˣҹ˿Ϊӣ۴ǴӾҶҪǿ㣬ҷŹ㣬ģҲ϶Ҫøã˵ʱ䣬Ǻǣòôõġ
ˣҲ֪ͨʲô;֪һЩ֮Щǿߵ飬ôҲ޷ǿ߸֮жĲ࣬ǲµķ󣬾κܴƵģĦг˵ڷ˱仯ٴιߣһҲֻӵ۷ʵѾһĹԱȴӡˡ
Ǻǣˣ˵һ飬һֻܴӡұħԨ֮硣ҹҲֵ⡣
ǶӡƵģȻǴˤһСİѷӡƵġ
ħԨ֮⣿Ħ仰Ҳһ£ôܣʵͲƵ˷ӡں˵
ꡭ
ӦĦĵһҹһ̶ˣֵֻĿ꾹Ȼʯڡ
һն£ǸոĦĵطи£һ޴ʯͷӦ䣬ʯͷĵط¶һӵԲӵĶ
ĶȾָĦһԲ̳֣Ҳûа취ƽȥ
Ҳ֪ողֻڵȴŻᣬҹҲͬѰŻħȡ
ŪˣûҪõֻҹĦҲûпԷӵħնȥ
ҹնĦħҪնԲӵħҲʲô⡣
ڿǵĲôħֻҪħĦãǾһʤ
ĦҲʮѸݣ֪ȻʵҲЩ˸ֻҪҹһˣħͰٷְġ
Ե˶ΪҪȥҹħʱʵȴǻҹҪ
ҹͷûлأûзΣһ޷˵նȥ
ĦϣҲֳһĨЦħȻҪģɱҹ˵ħҪҪ
ҹһûĦշħԨֻ׾ٵ顣
лˣôôõĻ᣿

ҹȷûлͷȴһɺ̴


447 쾵
ҹͻȻðһɺͬʱһ߳Сˢش˳
Ħ浱ͷӭһɺ̣Ҫҹƣæ˻
ϾɲʲôöԸޣĺڰԪ̸鷳һЩǰʵʶʱǶ̵̫Ķԣ⸱ɿסòһ¡
һҪСմⶾ̣ɾҪˡ
һСоһ£һڹӰһ㳯Ħ׷ȥ
Ħõ֮󣬱ʵ˭̫Ȳ֮ǰʶˡ
ۿڹͺȽѾûпͬʱٹҹֻðǿһ׹˵ϡ
СڵĽҲֻ£ûĦȴƵҪԷĺڰԪͶ̣Ŀƶֻ̫ͨĹȻ޴ֵĸо
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ñַһѽͱһѽֲǲֲ˵ġ
Ħ汻Сл˵˲䣬ҹİҹѾһնǸԲϡ
Բ̡ˡһһȦȦǷ˺ܴǺܰûг֡
ڱ˿һĻǹ죬ҹȴͷһնȥûаⶫն飬նȥԲһؽơ
Բ淴صȻרʶģոһҪ඼Բ̵ĽˣҹʶҪˡ
쾵Ȼʲô˶յߣĦһŭϲҹһҪлƿһؽƣƾ⸱壬ҪƿƣʶӡЩѶȣһɣ
Ħҹ̾ͷ֣ո˿쾵ڶԷ֮УȻ΢΢ʲôҲĻħ̾ͻᱻĦߡ
ҹô鷢鼱֮£Ҳ˲쾳ʶˣһԪס
ĦɫҲЩأţԼ쾵֮ӡԲҹֵܵģĳַϵš
ҹҲо쾳һαһθȥĻһԪĵòʱҲûа취ס쾵
Ȼ֪ĦħʲôãǿԷƴҲҪ쾳ֵӣ֪һԷ֣ǿ϶Լ鷳
λǿһεĽ˭ռϷ磿궴ˣ̲סԱߵʵ
ĦȻȻǴħԨ֮ƿӡģҲȻĦ棡Ȼƫҹֻ˵⻰ʱɫʮأȻҲ֪鲢ô򵥡
ȻҹʥħڵħڿһϣҹʤԪɫҲޱȣֻǿӣҹƺҪŲסˡ
Ц˻ΪħԨǿߣڵǾȻֵʸûУĻ͸¶һ˿ɬ
һµһȳĦ棬λɸһս
˵ĻȻܲԸ⣬ʵϾͻᷢģҲɲѡ
ҳ鶨ȻһսϵͻȻ֮ƽʱǿ࣬һսûУ㹶͵ΪĦūֻҲûаȤȻˣһ
Ů𣿡ԪԴϷʵ
鱾ҲҪˣ֮ǰܸŮһ棬ܸͬһأⱲҲ޺ˡЦ
飬ֲɺĸŮȥ¶ѾʲôأԪȻҲ֪ˣ˵öԣһսܣǽҲûʲôȤԣһսһ
λ˵ò˿ҲӿڵĳֶΣΪūȴλƴһսɷ񣿡
ȻһʲôԣʱҲټƽ϶ԷԼŮƴһսĦҲδؾ߳궴
һ˵ţһȴڹ۲Ρ
Ȼ˵˵ʵϾ֣ĦҲû̫İաʵ̫ˣԷվĵطŶܡ
ҹˣѡҺҲüȻʮϢ֮󣬵Ҷ쾳֮󣬾ʮ㣬ûиҺʸ񡣡ĦƺѾҹûбֶΣ˼š
ƺǸ˵̫ЩСڣҹͻȻһ
СͻһԾо³һԪâӿ
Ħ׼ƵģμæһŪǣεĹâȻǾֱ쾵ȥ
һâǱԪǶħʿ˺ܴ׵֮쾳һĦУͲ׵Ԫϧڵ쾳ͲֻԼƷʣһ
ꡭ
ǸͭһĶ棬ȻһϸС
Ħ쾳汻׵ƻˣǿɾĻˡ
ٵһӡ֮ƺ쾳ֻһ˿ˣòƲأŷ
ǺǣΪֻôһ𣿡ҹƳһ۶Էŵı飬̧ȥȻһ׵Ԫ
Ħ漱ˣҲСڻ᲻ṥһһ̾ͳҹǰҪ쾳֮ǰ
СȻͻҹǰֻҲûʲôֶΣҲһ˸ĦǰСβһڣȻǰԼ˱˦˳ȥ
Ħ治Ҵ⣬ֵһǧһ֮쾳ȥȻԼһҲҪֹҹȥٻ쾵
ȻʱĦͻȻҹϸһ˿Ц⣬ͷףֻϧʱҪıѾˣҹְһӡĦϡ
ꡭ
ݺһ֮Ħ岻޴ײȥһΧŵĵŰš
ۿߵľ淴תҲǴкãǶҹû̫øеҲϣʤҹΪĦԱҹʵһˡ
ΪͿɱ𣿡ĦȻһ˲ɫޱѿǴһĵȴǿ˻ٵ쾵Ļᣬ쾵޷٣ֻ˵ֹȡ쾵Ļᣡ
ҹҲһոտĦƴҲҪ쾵Щ֣ĦΪˣô޷˼飬ǿ϶쾵̫Ҫˡ
ҹҲЩ׵֮ħʿȷкܴɱȴûϴĦˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ϴεĦֻһʶ壬˺ڰ֮⣬׵ʶĿҲ൱ģԲŻܴﵽôǿЧһΣĦȴѾõЧȻǻһۿˡ
ۿĦҪٴ쾵ҹظо쾳һǿͼ


448 궴֮
쾵оҵĶһͷδûѱҰޣƴţҹҲȷţһѣҲûлὫԷץסܿ޵צ֮¡
ô죿ǰδеΣǰһҹĶͷ̶̵˲Ѿˮ
ӦģĦϵЦһӡƿһС
ಡ
ҹվûֹ쾳ѣԵЩƾɵ쾵ͬʯŵмһɿشҹ
Ȼһ̣ҹҲ쾵ԾԾ˲䣬쾵Ҫ켸ֵصǰ档
ûõġĦոҪЦԷԲȴȻֹ
һ˲䣬쾵֮ϵȻжˣ
쾵ûбƻʮֿ϶һ㣬ȴҲӦħӡǺš
УħҲǴԽ˿ռһ㣬ͻʧǰ
ô£ԶҲһĻУ˭ҲͲˣ׸ոշʲô
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ҹһصԼĺ
ոյվȻֻǼɲǵʱ䣬ȴǾ˼һ㣬ԵĿսʵ̫ľˡ
㻹ʲôп𣿡ҹĦ棬ʱ˶ûټڶ֣ƺ˴˵Ķ̫Ĭػָʵһ
벻ϻпռ䷨Ħ汾ħǿߣ鲻ħԨܱȣ̾׷ʲôӮˣҪƻ쾵ڵʵԶԶԶǼռ䷨̾Ϳ԰ȡ
ȱ֤Լ궴˵ɣҹ˵Űҹһ٣Ħնȥ
ĦҲҹӲ˸ת֮ѾԾʮɡ
ߣԪλʩֶΣʶԪ֮궴ͨס
Ħ˸ǰЩմʱ۵һ̣һ̾ѾƮɢˡ
׷ˣ׷Ҳٲġҹ׼̽кһԼһƨڿʯϣڴŴ
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻ澲ȴ֪ҹûʲô󰭣Ҳûʲôɵĵġ
Ƭ֮ҹ첽ȥ
ߣ궴ڷ仯ٲ߾Ҫˡҹʮֽŵشߴˡ
һãȻ˭Ҳ׷ʲô¡
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궴ڱǿ˵仰ʱҲ֪Լʲôӵġ
˵궴ǿƺڻħӦǺ£ΪʶʴԽأ͵ʵԽǿ
һΣܸоʲôԾΪӵ̫ǿˣֲӦ
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λɫһ䣬˵һˣҲǰ׳յϡ
ȣʱҹҪȥ
궴ﱾҲûˣֻڶڴĸŮҲ˵ǰţûü֣ҹҲ̣ͬٶ˿ȥ
ۡ
궴Զ궴ıĶһʯͷҲѹ֮±촷ۡ
ɽѹþˣҶĶƺʹһųԡ
ղŲҹʱ֣ɲǱɰ׳ô򵥣ǻһʱѪ࣡
ҹһԾ궴ʱԸо˶ɢǿѹվطȻҲǴǰ궴ذصλһ
һЩ̵ɫʱѿҪȻǱͻȻɢѹ˵ʶ
ҹ˲ҵ˭֪궴ѹ᲻ټӣôȥҲܲˣæų̵ˣŲͣЪسԶ񱼶ȥ
һֱ֮ѹǻָ֮ǰͨĵزҲܳܵסˣʱҲһ˽Ų
һħڵ궴ǻҵ˰ȫ֮ʧŸոķ򣬳̾˿ͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷҹȥ
ƺĸı䣬ԼҲûע⵽Ǵ˿̵ҹȷѾ˳ȻĵλλĦսʱ򣬾Ѿȷˡ
֪ʲôҹźҡҡͷ̰ͼħҰ㣬ƾǵʵҲܰ궴ָɴǰӣҪߵΪ÷һ󣬶ħһóĦ̾ͻӦⶫһֱ궴𣿡
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ħעһ֮ȻԴӽ֮λһҪͳһħԨƷӡɾħͳħһֻԻͣϧ컯Ūˣһ㾡ֶΣȻԼŶסǿЦЦ
ҲñۣħڱϾû𣬡ҹü˿ԶҿǱߵѹӦѾȶԭ궴ǲ˽ȥˣǽǵҲ´ˣ㣬ֻҪڽӽڴҲȫû⣬ҿǻħβûгԿһռ˴ˡ
ŶһҹĻһĿ⼱ٵ˸š
Ҳ˼ͨˣЩϣԪͳ鶼Ȳֻ˲Ѿҹ˼
ողǹңʵҹ˵ħβûʧòƻõ˾޴ĺô
궴ʱˣ궴ɵĵطȴõЧӦøǰһֻһڣһѡ
궴ڵѹǰҪǿö࣬취ѹϣһڴֻǵΪٽһ궴ǻٴó
ôһĻħȻʧһħ궴ûб٣Ǳǰǿٶڻħ֮ǰ;˵Զ
ǼħĻҲȥˣ˵ҹﲻ𣬾ҹ㹻󷽣ĦҲȵӵǼħġ
λҲ̫ʱĦѾõһȻħڵħˣ֮ʵֻдǾõڶˣ̾ҪȥʥħڲСҹѵ


449 쾵
֪ҹ˵ʵҲû飬ʥħڳڻħһƬǽ壬ҲȻǰȥ
ҪЩϻʥħڵģȻǺԪħڱٵӣһ֮ʥħҲᱻĦ
ǵٶȲĦҲ֪ҹ˻ἴȥʥħڣԲûʥħڳ֡
ҹҲûд⣬Ħı£ҪܹʥħڵĴϢؽʥħڽأȡԼķҲǲܵ顣
ԪҲ֪鲻ܵ飬ҹȥʣѾԴŴңһʥħڵĽضȥ
ǰŲͬǣʥħڹħطܴȻûκεķӡֻڵһƲ۵ڡ
ʥħħطһععʮ˲㣬ŶʮԪһ˵ţһ̤С
ʵħڶԱ˴ܣȻ֪ò̫ϸҲ˽
̤Էӵľ֮أǵһΡ
ͨǰǸ궴ҲܿħڿħʵֻĦħѱ֮˷ӡ
ħڵ궴ħڵħعҲʥħعħӡûУΪʥħڵħͱҹնˡ
һ֮̾͸оط죬·ҪһЩ
ⲻͬ궴ʶѹǵĸ
һӦһ˵
ֻǵһ㣬ڶΪ屶ʮĲʮ屶ƣֱʮ˲㣬ԪͷʮĽṹҲǲһعĻܽٱҵʵ޷ӽ»ֻܿˡ
ٱҹҲ
ȷǱҪǿʵҲҪǿһЩٱܲܳܵסһûС
µҲֻһˣȻĦˣǾ͸Ƿϼӷˡ
һҹСڷŵϣʾҪȻԼһ˴ŵعһȥ
Сڿ˿Χһִȥҹļ򣬿ǲԸԼ
Ҳûиȥ˺ԪܸԶһЩ֮⣬ͳҲ롣ѹɲʶѹǻԪһ£ĴĻΪҲһٲά裬ᱻ𻵡
ҹߵ˵ʮʱ򣬾Ѿо˽Ųأ޷̧һطҲʥħϣһ㡣
ȥаҲǷܻȡõҹʱͣĺҲھҵشţɼطѹж󣬡Сڣô
СȻޣӰ죬Ҳ̫ãֻطҹļϡ
ҹŻ̧ͷͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģСԴ̽ҹĲϣקһ
ҹÿҲ֪СקʲôǸµĿʱõⶫʱ֮Ҳ˿
ǰҹû޷򿪿ԪȻǿԴˡ
֮ǰڻħڵʱ쾵װûĦߡ
װͲķ˵ԪֻװС߽УǾҪҹԪˡҹԪҲͳŲ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ҫ굽ȥҹʵֻҲûа취ǰˣҪİ취
Сòȴûſ
ҹ˼һ뵽һֿܣ˵ÿԼ
⻰ֻһ²⣬漴Լҡͷˣֲʲôŵģôװ
ʱҹȻСڵ˵ͷҡҡͷҲ׵ǶԻǴˡ
װÿҹ̽ʵ
СڻҡҡβͣҹĲ¶ˡ
ҹŻȻԴӽ֮֮ͱڴɽһεĵط
ҹԪ֮һֱûҪⶫʲôħڵʱҲֻһŰ쾵ǿװ棬Ħ㣬û뵽Ȼһٳɹˡ
Ҳ˵ڿ쾵֮⣬ʲôҲûСȻǿֻ쾵ˡ
϶쾵԰궴ӴʶѹѹȥѵҲһѹ
Ȼ쾵һóģ̾ͻᱻĦӦҲûйϵռҹҪܲˣĦԶԷڵǸҹʰ۸һס
뵽ֺȻЩˣ»Ħļƻ
֮УֻħһʶģҲֻһƾħ׼ƿӡǲһħԨκ˶òĵطҲͲõı˵õˡ
һƿӡ֮ҪȥҲȻǻħڣΪʶʶѹֿ󣬶ҵõ֮󣬻Եõ쾵
ֻеõ쾵ѹѹȥڵʵпܵõ
ҹһգֻŻħڵķ϶ڶԷʶǿû뵽ţƻ˶Էõ쾵
Էȵõһǿħֵõ˷ͬʱõ˵ԿףʱĦɾ޵ˡ
ҹйâһȻ쾵
ףϸһ֮ҹؽһ
ĦսʱǵСһ׵֮쾵ˡȻ쾵û̫ˣƻһϸƿ϶еġ
ٲ鿴ʱ򣬾ȻƵľϣʲôûУǵϸʧˡ
Ħ˵Ļ쾵Ͳᱻƻѵģ
ô˵ҹܹ϶ⶫҲԱ׻ٻٸɵĲ𻵣Զ޸
Զ޸ķ
Ħⶫߣ˵ỹʱ֪ⶫ˻Զ޸ѹҹҲҪ᲻ˡ
õˣôðҹ쾵ȥؿţһϵͭȫûκ
С΢΢ͷһ׵֮
ꡭ
쾵ٴγһϸƣȻϸҹú
⻹㣬ûҹӦСٴ죬һڰԪͬҲǿһģһϸơ
ȻҹͿСǷˣֻ˵Ǹ쾵һ˦βͲôھϣѶԷûͲݵӡ
Сһһ֮ͨ󣬴βͶõˣſҹţȻٽ˦Ťͷҹ
ҹһʱŪˣɶ˼쾵סһپˣ
һ׵Ԫۣԥһ֮Ҳݺݵس쾵ȥ
ꡭ
ҹ׵֮ɱСҪǿ󣬶ʱھһȽѺۣ


450 ѹ
򻵰ɣҹȻҲһƣǿǶϵѺۣЩ顣
СںҪ֤һ˦βȥβ˦ҧ
ôһͨҹҲǳˣҪְ취ѹãҪôСϱӸ쾵г𡣷ôȥĻǺֵһЩ
ҹҲˣô˵СҲ߶쾵⣬ѡһ˵Ļ϶ҲѡСڡ
֮ҹҲ֣ڰԪȻҲȥ쾵ȥЩ΢΢Ρ
Ҫ˵ĽడҹҪ˵һۣǿǼٵġ
Ҳ֣ҹôҵ
ҹˢس갡ʹʹҪϣһʹˡ
ेR
ҹһͨ裬쾵ֻſ꿦꿦ˡ
ҹ۾񿳣쾵ôŶҪĿȫˡ

ҹһնͻȻһ΢ƺǴ쾵ƿĿҪʲô
ҹ̾ͷ֣ⲻʲôһǡһѪ
ѪлЩʶžĦǰڷʶӡ
ȻȷǱܵģҹӵնһѪеʶӡǸɢ
Сڵ۾˷ܵĹâڸҹԼ˼ˣವһԾСҹϣСԴ˲Էơ
ҹҪ˵ʲôСһһҧϣѪðڽӽõ쾵ϡ
ǡҹһ㶣漴ЩˣҪ÷Ѫɣ
Ȱѷһ٣ˣȻܰĦµӡˣ֮ٻԼѪȥͿԿˣ
ҹ̽һʶȥȵǣȥʲôʶһӰڷѪҺ뵽˷УҲѪˡ
һ顰áЩؿͬ쾵ָܻҪָܻĻǻз
ʱ쾵˾˵ı仯ҹʶУ쾵֮һ˿΢ϵƺ쾵ҲҹһƵġ
ͬʱ쾵ҲһʶĶƮƮҹʶʱ˺ܶⷨԺ֮
һĶҹʱҲҪ̾һ£ҿû⻹ȻҹɵҪڰ
򵥵һӡڽʣµ֮뵽쾵̾ͷⶫ΢΢һ£𻵵Ĳڻָӡ
֮ǰʧҹۿοĿˡĿǰ֪쾵𻵹ȻǿԶ޸㹻Ԫָٶȱ졣
쾵֮󣬻ҹ뵽ͨ쾵ѹȻҲҪ쾵㹻ǿС
ҹɺǿ󣬵ǿϧڳɹ쾵֮С˿ԪѾȫ꣬޷ٿ쾵ʲô
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ҹȻʱڷԪʱһ쾵ս
ʮȻռ䣬ʵҲʮֳ㣬ҹõûɵ
ʵϣʮħԨҪŨö࣬οĶ
ҹҲܸоħڵ𣬲ǺڰŨȣ֮Ĵ̶ȡ
ħںųƳħعжģҹΪʵԭ򣬲Ƿж޶֪ħڵΨһĺôµĵ
쾵˵Ҳûʲôҹ֮£ԼָԪҲڶ̶̰ʱָԭӡ
һķҹ쾵Ҳһп
ţĿ˰ҹ棬תͷ˿СڣѵҲһپͻɣ
СȻأǱҹ׵ˡ
Сһ֮룬ȴҹϣһڡ
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ҹķӦ󣬵ҹʶѾѸٷһڹ⣬Ȼһţһ˿΢ϵʶ
ֻǼȴûκηӦҹѪǰʶ̽뵽棬һöûУǶûѪĹܡ
ҹҲ̰ģյ쾵ôһѾܸˣջ
Ϣһ֮ҹ쾵ָھϻһӡ
⻬ȴľ棬ֳһӰ֮ھת
ҹظо쾵ķӡʼתʱΧѹһС˺ܶ࣬һԷɿٶ½š
һӴʮǺܿ죬Ѿ淢ı仯
һľǺԪȻǶûߣΪʥħȻϤ
ʥħħططܸȫ棬ǸҪǣӵʮռ䡣ֻռħط°빦Ч
Էɿٶ½ôܲȣ
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ϴλħ龪һʶѹˣû뵽ȻֱҪʧ
ôùɣԪεš
Ҫҹģûʲô취˵򲻴ùʵǲֹ
ҹЩҲΪ˵ֿĦ棬Ҳ˵ҹʱĦҲһĽ
֮£ɻҹϾ˵ҹĦôҰġ
λһɣҴλһʮؿռʱõ˷һҹ·
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ҲûԥĦķⶫڴǰħԨı߹·Բܴ
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⵱ҲֻкԪǻ»ѹζӳ£֪Ǹ˻ơ
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ģԪʱѪû˵
λǸҽһЩڵʵܰѹѹ̫࣬Եʮ˲ʱ򣬿ܻЩԽЧӦûԽõģҹ˵ǵʱ䲻̫࣬ҪץһЩܵ󡣡


451 һ
Ħʵɲҹܱȵģܰ궴޷ܵĻѹͨҲܱ
ҹûǸ£ҲֻǾʹ֮ͣԶԶﲻȹ̵ĳ̶ȡҲ˵ԼԪʶ쾵һԪĹˣ쾵ѹЧҲͻ֮ʧʱǻʮصĵط˭û취Ǿȳֻﵱһˡ
ȻҲ˵׼ߵʱҲ궴һֱӴҺͳһҲδ֪
ڳκһ뿴ģȻȻؼӿٶȣҹһڶԷ
ʱѾ֣ҹ˵һûΪӵʮռʱ򣬾ͺǻָ֮ǰſڣÿһһ
ֵͬʱ˶ҹͶȥĿ⣬ΪʮĿ£ŻҹбѹоӲ˼顣
ҹʱ쾵ϣ˿ⶫȻҲ²͸ôġ
Ȼ쾵ǰҲû˭ȥҹ˵κε⡣
ڻվԼһߣҹ˵˳΢ɿһЩ֮⣬ֻǴڸոֹͣҡڵĽ׶Ρ
ǳ飬Ҳ׽СõЩˡ쾵رȥԷԣܿҹúܲҡ
ҹ䣬Ҳȥӡ
ĸһ·ǰУ˵ʮ˲ʱ򣬳˺ԪҪЩ֮⣬λѾţˡ
֪ĦķӡһټĿռ䣬ԪҲЩͷ
Ȼܳŵסһֱȥʲôܵ飬οҹ˵ѹʱޣҲĻǿɾ鷳ˡ
ҹܣʶ֮ڻšȻһ֮һҹٿȻն
ǽڱնһʯȱ棬Ȼһʯҡ
һʯҵſ֮ǰȻǱΪϵģǵʯڣҲûпʲôҲ֪ôġ
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ְⷨƿԪʵ
ȻʥħڵģҲд˵ҹָܷһ֣ûж̵˼ѾܴˡԼˣҪǲһĻЩ˼
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ʱͷðź飬ħʶ֮Ҳӳ
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˶ɻӡ˵ǵͬʱҲǶǵıΪĦ浱ŻԼķӡ
ҹȴ˵ٵӡȴҪҪô
ҹûǵĲ죬ֱŷâȥ΢΢۾̽ȥ
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ҹҪʲôһҪǴ˷Ľƣô죿
һʱ䣬ͺǲصȻΪԭ򣬵ҹʲô⣬ܿܵһʱˡ
һ̣ҹѾ˷󣬿ɳϵǣȻһûС
ͺһͷ׶ȮͻȻѱİİͷҧˣʵ̫ˡ
ôֵǣⷨ󲻵ûҧˣɿţҹڳȡһ
Ҳԣ
ҹʵжߴңûʲôԣ
ļûгãҹֱٴǰȥƺոֻͼڲڳɹˡ
һ̣ҹ΢΢˿ΪȻûǵģ˵ǵ塣
ԥǷɵȻȻͱ¶
һû˿ӦĦ棬ﶼЩĸоһ֮󣬾ǿҵڴˡ
λһհɣնٿԼı¡ҹкһ˵
ʮ˲֮£ǵʵͽҷԴƷӡõģȻӦգʣ࣬ƽҲ١ΪŹ
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ԪȻЩҲûҳԷԡ
о仰˵òûҹĻ涼ȻȷǷӡŵʮ˲ռ߲ǻûа취õ˵ףȫҹŵõģҹգҲӦõġ
ˣһɣҪҵĻһûǵķݶˡҹ̹ȻЦ
һҲٽ飬׷ǰȥʩչֶΣʼȥ
ҹ˶Ѿ֣Ҳȥ

ҹһֵʱоӿһУӴҹǵ
ȥҲ̫ˣֲ˵ҪĻûԼķݶˣƿˣҲûǵķݶˡ
λҪӰѾҹ߶˹һ¡
Ҳٿʲôһƻǿ뱦ɽڷľͷ
˷ǷˣҪҹٶһǻǸоƵġ

ҹ΢΢³һεɵй񫣬ʶ֮˺ö࣬СԪƺȴǰӳӯˡ
ǸҹĸȻǽġ
ҹЩоôչȥ¶Ҫһˡ
ͬʱλҲֹͣԼͬʱһ
۾˶Է۾𾪡
ΪȻҹĶ֣Ҳ̫࣬ʱֲӦǺСġ
ɽȴǴһֻҹһ˾ɶû٣Ҳ˵ÿ˶յһɳͷֱ˦˼ڻᰡ
ϲǣֻһɵǵʵѾ˺ܴĽҪͻ۷ĸоڲֻһ
ոôϲһ£ͻȻ뵽ԼҪͻˣҹ٣Ѿһ־˰ɣ
ţռͻȻһƬ𶯣ѹͻȻ֮˺ܶ࣬Ҫÿ˶ոʵ¶Ѿܶˡ
ãҹһ


452 ħڵ̬
쾵ĹˣʮռѹȻָ˺ܶ࣬ǻһ
ߣҹæ쾵һ˿Ԫȴû
ڵҪ֧һǿģʮ˲ռѾûʲôˣҹҲķԼԪ
֮£쾵ѹԵøӵӦ֣ÿÿǸոӳһؿռ䣬ѹõ˳ܵļޡ
úԪˣһֱڽűıԵֱһ·ﵽ˵߲ʱųһΪԼõ˱ҪȻͻռء
ѾǽˣЩʲôʮ֮󣬳ǰʵ
ĦҲõһȻ̫ãĦħţҲ۷ʵĦõ֮ʵ»ᱩǣҹҲ޵ǵ˵鷳ľǣǲ֪ĦһҪʲô
˶ǳĬǵ˷һоƺҪͻƵģĦǵõķ᲻Ѿͻˣ
֪ڵΪʲôԪһҹʵ
ҹʲôҡҡͷһûͻƣĹЩ⣬ҪٴͻƵĻҪҪܶࡣ
ҲȷҹΣȻСһӵĵԼÿνҪȱ˶ö࣬СǸԲķͰһ
ֱղǷ߳ɵҹŸоԼһǵ˺ڣͻƻкܴһξ룬Ҫιǲס
ĦȻ־ֻõһ궴ħҲûе֣Ӧû鷳߰лȥѰħüͷħ֮ŸӦĻ¶ԷҪҵҲѣʱʵһЩпͼ߻ħڡ
ħеҲдСҼģħڵħȽ϶࣬ħŵħʮСǱˣҲ𲻵ʲôãҹҲ˼һ£Ħ֮ǰ϶Ҫ߼ħһĶȽãѾˣħնϣħڵħҲѹˣ뼯û̫Ŀܣ˵ħڣ⵹ǺпܣĻҪħԨ׼ԼʵϧԶԶħǷûеõȫûаǰʵ֣ҲͲô˳ˡ
˵öԣҲӿڵĦӦһܿˣܰ׼ʵĻ϶ԥһ㣬ħڣֻҪ鷳ҾӦòħ£Լʵȴٶɽ𡣡
ĦǧˣںһʱĵʧεĽѵֻӽȵһһʧʱ̣ŻһٰɱɾĦ档
ǵǸ鷳ҹԴҲΪˣôǻִħԨķӡɣ
ƷӡħڵʵҪƣ
ǲ룬һֱΪֻ˵˵ΪǶ֪ǧûа취飬ǶΪӡ޵еġ
ұǴӷӡģȻܽһҲܳȥҹЦЦҴƷӡ漰һҪʩչɲǶڴƷӡЧҲԸĦҲһܲĹֶΣӦÿԱɡ
Ȼû˵ڲס͸˷ܡ
ӡǧ갡ܴƣԺħȥĵطɾͲֻħԨˣʮ磬硭
ڴ֮ǰҪһ֤ҹ֣ص
˵޷
ħԨڵĶħߣ֮󣬲ԺΪҹѵɣһЩıţôҲܣһЩĵͨҲãʲôɰ֮Ҳգڶͨ˵İΣˣһԳ֣Ҳڣٻʱ򣬷˭ûȥԼӣҲһš
ģʵħͳµĵӣְܳ࣬еĻ˵ǱȻẔ̬̇
ħڵ֮ħͳõԪҲЩǵ˵ʱƿ˷ӡħԨҪȥģ¾Ͳֻħڵĵˣʱֻ»Щҡ
ҹҲһ£漴˵Ҳ̫ģǷӡˣħԨҲʲô˶ܳȥģԨ;жٵնҶ̫ΪԷһĻħڿ԰סͨħڵ˿ͨˣа񹦷ģһɲǽˣɣ
Ӧǿԣ˵ͷ
ӦãǱ룡ҹǿȻҲδض࣬ҲϣʲôҪ
˶һۣʵϣã磬ʲôǲܵġ
ջǳԥһ²ſڣһͻȻ磬ºѲ˳ͻǰķԸȥκӴҲкܶҪЩħʱΪԱѪ⣬Ļ
ԪҲǸŵͷҹ鷳ĻǻĲȥˡ
ϾִǴӵصðȻǰЩɵע⣬Ϊ̣Ѫɱ˶⡣
οǻǴ˵еħ֪ж˴ųħַǣѵҪǶ׸
ˣҲ˵ֻҪǱ֤Щ߰ħܵͨˣ˵ɣǺǣҸǵĹϵҲôãǰộǵ飬Ҳȥܡҹһ˵
֮ǰɵ͡ΨһЩϵĽ꣬ѾڵˣʣµЩЩͻ֮⣬˸ӴţȥΪЩ˳ͷ
һףҹνɣϵûôã»Щڣʱ
ƿ磬ħ֮ǰĳŵȻзԸӣҪɻƴ֪һҲƴǣ֣سŵ
ʥħҲһԪҲ̬Ҫ֣岻ݴǡ
ʵѾܺɨ磬ҪǻħҲʲãĸ󣬵Ҳ̬
ҹҲû̫⣬Ȼ˼ԸŵҲţ϶ϣڱ˵ϡ
һӡɣܲƿӡͿˣ


453 
ҹʱǸֽԪ󣬿԰нΧɣֻһеһ֡ҹԼʶ֮УѾҵǸйǸϢ
ĴӦýʩչɹ˵ͨңԶռ䣬Ʃ׽磬Ȼ⻹ǱȽϽģЧ˵ܹԽռһš
ȻҪʩչҹǲܵģɵһŪҹҲûпԽռĿԣΪҪʵ̫ˡ
ôʯӦֻǿʩչ֧ŵĻϰٸҹҲṩô
ǲȥԽռ䣬ֻǿԽһ󣬻˵ⷨ򴩳һֻͨôĻλ۷ĸӦҲ㹻ˡ
֮󣬷ӡǢȻҹܲ⣬Ƕλ۷Ĵ˵ѾʮŬĽˡ
ҹȽǣĦ澹Ȼʱһûֳ
Ҳ˵ħȥ̽Ϣֻ֪ʧˣû֪ȥĶһţ˵Ħܱܿĳڲץˡ
ҹ֪ⲻܣħҲͲ鵽ڲħ֮ѾĦĦҵþһֶνŰɱˡ
Ħ治ˣʼһ˲̫ĵϢҹҲûа취һֱעŶԷҪ磬ʵϣڻȥ˵Ѿǳˡ
ɻʱѾˣǸʱȥСǣ᲻֣ɱûа취Ҳֻܳȥٴˡ
ҹЩûڣ첻ô嶯ֱӾܵ޶ȥɽ˴˸Ļᣬ֪һҵԷҪʲôʱȥˡ
λһܲܳɹɣƷӡʱҪˣλҪСһЩվĳߴҹžԼͷķӡ
λλҲͷȻЩڴǲò˵лЩš
ǧҪӡ˲֪ж٣ÿζǱӡɶҲǵһ÷ӡ̽ӡ˭Ҳұ֤ǷɹǲܳɵĻ᲻ᷴɣҲδ֪
Ҫ£ֻҪɹһʱƲ˷ӡұ֤Ҳܵɣҹ˳Ŷ衣
仰Чǰٷְ٣Ȼ⼸˵ǰ˲١ϾҹҲ֮еһԱһɣҹԼҲܲ
ͬʱ֣ӡɵʩչţ˲Ϣ䣬ÿ˵ǰֳһâķӡ
ӡڲϵؼӳ֮£תգγһ˷һ
θ֮ǰҹǸԪЩͬˣ˵֮ǰķԪֻһڵξ԰档
ͷҹʶµĶνǰ󣬲ȻĻƾҹķ裬ͲܴУƳһ԰
ͷȻܸŪÿһʵʱ÷ļģ壬ɼЩȻѾϤԼָͷһ
ͷ˭׻ħҹԽԽãˡ
գһת֮һѾӴ˷ӡ硣
˶Ϣ΢΢һ£漴ǲٿŵӡ󣬾ôǶ˽ȥ
нӴĽ磬ȫ˽ȥѾܹоٿŵķԽԽ
෴ģǲٿ˿ûиоԽԽɡ
ӡڲââڶ⣬͸ĿĹԻһΣסֱԼɵĿռ䡣
͸ͨ˶ϵʯڣһֱͨ뵽ĸ߿֮С
ͨ˵һܳȥ·ǶЩˣѾ㹻ˡ
ڳˣҹһջСڣҿԴ㵽ˣǸȥ棬ħԨ
Сҹϣǵز˲ԷòǺܼᶨҪҹߡ
Ǳλλϣͷ֮С
ˣͣ˰֮󣬳ĸ̾һ
ǰˣȻգûпô׳۵ľһ㡣
ڡ
ˣԪҲҪ̾ʱȴҹˣλϣڷӡˣҹҲҪߵʱҾͲٻȥˣʹ˸ǡ
ʲôҪߣԪȵ
ͨӡḶ́ǶԽоҹɲ⣬˵ģַܲ;Բܱȵ˵ġ
Ȼǲ֪ǣҹҲֻǱѧֻʶǸѵġʦԲܿô
ӡȻˣҲ˵·;϶̫ȣΪʲôһȥ׼֮Ҳ٣ЩһȻһܰʲôæôҲиӦҲ
Ǹһʱ벻Ҫ˵ʲôһֱ˵Ҫһȥ磬šȿȣŮ̶Ҳ㣬Ը׸ܻȥǼһҲãȻСѾͷҪˡ
ǻصħ֮ѾỤ̊ħڵ𻨡ֻĵ˭ҲΪҶ˵¶ֻҹһðСǡ
ԪҲʱпҪһŮǸҹĹϵҲܸһˡ
ǺǣǳҲҪȥ磬ʱһĻչ黹мĻᡣҹûȥЩٶ˵ʲôһѾŹâͨԾȥ
λֻۿҹΣγҹԾͳͨɽԷɿٶȳжȥ
չ黹ˣЩźͻȻֿЦȥСѾͷ϶ҪͷֱŤˡ
ûвɢϯͨǰȥħԨССĵ֮أǻǿЩȥεİɣ
˵ɵʵҲˣħֿȥˡԪǺ
ȳȥ֮ڶħһģλ֮仹Ҫ𣿡ʵ
Ǻǣһ£ܸ𣿡ЦǷģĳ϶֮ǰֶȥԸǣԼһ£˭շĽһھ֮ףħͳΣ
ãԪȻҲϲֺĶħ֮ٶǧǰĳȻˣǾΪע˭ʤߣ
Ըķ䣿Ц
һΪҲЦš
ȥԾѾӰǼԶһδ˿һӰ
ҹʲôˣȻ󶼻ʩչֲƿӡҺ֮ǰûи̫ڵʵҪʤЩѶȣǰӵĦ棬˿űƿͨţҹȱָΪ֮ٶһɣ
˵ţҲͨȥ


454 ðս
Ԩ֪ǲɣҹʵҲò;Ϣ˼ʱ䣬ĳ¶
ǴħԨĵطģ;ƫȥ֮󣬵ص㾹Ȼ޶ǰǸλá
ҲԶҵĳ˴
˿̵ʱֻ峿ֵϵ˻٣Եñƽʱࡣ
һ͸Ʋ㣬ֱҹϣƽ̹ĽֵһӰӡ
һȻħԨô㣬ȴоħԨҪöֻ࣬Ϊһֱ̫˵ĸо̫ѹֵԭɡ
ɴʱǿ̫ҹѹֵĸо
ˣΪӸոѯ·˵ʱ䣬ҹ¶£Ѿ֮á
ӦöѾرգŻҲͽˣҲ˵ǸȺիĵӣҲӦѾˡ
ȻѾ뵽Եʱҹǳ
Ƕʱ޷ټǣΪ˴Ⱥիҩ֪ûлΪ
һжΪȥ޶ţԳз籨һȵ֮ٶ֣һоͶıˡ
ŵʱͻȻϴҴܹʮˣЩˣϴžµ޳ߡ
Щı죬һװֱ͸ҹһģһġ
˼ңЩʲôˣôӣҹ·һ̯ʵ
㲻֪ǣ޳ŵİһҹ˵ıӰЩֵ˵
޳ţҹһ¡
漴ҲȻÿ춼бŴҲÿ춼бʧЩͲʲôֵֵ顣Щ˴ҲֻǱȽϲװŪӵİɡ
ǰ޳ſһˣ˵ǰʲôһţͻȻĳ֣ұĸֶǴ޳ߣųҲ⣬Ҳûҹı飬ֻǼ˵ţŶ޳ŵųɳˣһŮܶ޳ŵˣǱλһŮȥģǺǣСӣ㲻Ҳ޳Űɣ
ԭǣҹ֪ԭ޳žĽĵһţҿЩߵôæѵ޳ųˣ
£Ӧòɣ˵ڵĴ϶޳˭Ҹǽа壿ЩȥķһۣӦȥμŻɣ
˵ʲôŻ䣿ҹ˼£ץסϵļ򣬡ǲ֮ǰѾ𣿡
СӣǵˤԺ˰ɣǿһҹŻǰһ죬ɵĵӶѾǴȺիĸ˹˵Ҫӳٻʱ䣬һӣӵ˽ˣ˶֪
ҹ˷ܵȭƣǰǵˣôһӰ
˿ҹģ䣬ԹȥתԱ߶ȥˡ
ҹҲ⣬ְѸ׵ϣͳźʧķ׷ȥˡ
ѴӼϴ򿪣ʱһ澹ȻǺüĽ޺ˡⶫһŰ̯Ӷ´ˣǸԺˣȻ˦־͸ôࡣ
ңոҺöû˵ʲôֻܳô󷽵ˣ϶ָͷܰˡ
ҹȻȥͷʲôֻǷɿظʮ޳ߵˡ
λֵܵһ£ҹͻȻסЩ˵ȥ·һȥ޶ţμŻ𣿡
飬޳񣬻һ޳ŭȵ
סڣȥΪ׵һֹ̺ǿҹĸ֣Իشǿ˺ܶ࣬ǰǵȷǳ޶ŷߣȥμŻ䡣
Ŷȥʲôҹɻ
ǰ£ųֻհѡ˿ڷҲǼϡ
ոյĻҲֻ˵޶ŷߣȴû˵޶ţȻǴŴ۵˼
ĽɵѾͷڸʲôҹһ䡣
֪һλһһģϴְţڲ֪ڳʲôϷˡ
ǰûµĻǾˣڡƺҹĽ֣Խһ£ȴûз
һС鷳һ£λֵܽһߴҹʵ
Ż޶ţҪôȥ̾ͻᱻϳڼȺի֮ǰٳʲô⣬Ǵ߱ȽϺá
޳Ҳ̫ҡΪ޳ŵԭ򣬴Ƭ˶ߣҲûʲôϡˡ
˭ҹ⻰һ޳ŵˣסԼıǸΪ׵ҲѸٳؼԴӡ
Ϊ޳ŵˣʸղѾԸ൱أΪ׵֣һ޳ŵĻǲǸµĶ֣Ҳƴһս
ǸҾ߶ѣҹǱԷЦˣ֪Ż仹ûпʼҲˬޱȣʵطûģҾȥˣҪȻҳǮģ
ˢ
һǲèβͣյһˢˢ˳
޳ߣֻ޳ŵĴ˻޳ŵΪΪ׵ǸƺҲ붯֣ԴŭĽһ£ջظղǾ仰ǿԵʲôҲûзƵĻǾ붯ְɣ޳ţԲеĶ֣Ҳ£
ᣬҹæ֣ȴԹĽ꣬Ҫ¢ϣòеҹ߽ңĽԲġ
Ϊֱʲô˵ˣȻװģԼǰӣĽ϶Ҳ˵Լ޳йϵ
˭֪˵ãҹոһΪǸΪصˣҲһ֮޷˵س˹
ιҹҸųѣҹɵٴѣȷһ£ǶԷˣĽʱʲôı䡣
ðս񣬸ɱۣλǵΪߣҲ˷ǳǵľӷҪݡ
սʲôս񣿡ҹԷú䣬Ͼ뿪£ܶϢѾˡ
ɶԷӣ˵ʮѵѾնǰˣҹҲֻһ¡
˵˵ʲôսʲôʱǵսˣܿЩ˵һΧɱ֮ҹʵ
ûκ˻شﺰֻһ֣ɱ
ҹεҡҡͷҲֻȴ֮˵ˡʮϢ֮е޳ڵϣֻͨǶҹķŭ
ɱǣѾòðս޳žԸ㲻ݣΪ׵Ǹ޳
ոջоͦôֱôⲻǱŵɱ𣿡ҹûͷһƣҾҹǰҸɵսʱʮħԨңһţҲǵ޳֮ʲô£


455 ս˵
ҹˢسҹŵʮ޳һ£ΪҪɱˣЩҲӲȻûһĵġ
ʲôҪɱǣõõ𣿡ҹһҹԷǰĵ棬֪ҹ᲻֪ѵɣ
ǡҹɻ˵ţٳҹȥʣǰҹǡǡս񣿡
սƨҹƵҪѪĽǰ͵ʣԼı־ǰѱʮħԨİҹ˸ˣ˵ҵħԨ֮󣬶ʲô飬ⶼȥĶ
ȷҹ֮󣬺ðŻعոջս񶯵ţһʱЩ޴룺ԭսˣСʵڲ֪սˡ
ن£ҹٲشһ㣡
˲żæʼ
ҹ޶ţն½Ѹ¡һ֮Կ飬ܿͱ˳ȥ
Щİ汾֮У˹µԭòƩҹΪͻʱ޶ƻĽѾΪһŭɱ޶ɽΨһȽ񻯵ľҹսˡ
ʱҹʵϸֵĶƴҲǲʤܶѣڴ˵֮УҹֻһУʹ޶ţöԷѪ޻֮⻹ڶԷ˻ڴ¡
˵һξҹֱ޶Ŷпܣ³⣬ɵҲ޶Уǿܣ´˳Ϊ˭Ҳ޷Ĵڣ֣Ҫһɱҹ
𾪵ľǣҹ˶սȻ˿·磬ڶԷ¶ʱγ֣žˡ
֮ҹûнնɱǵ˵һ䣺ҹմֻΪ𣬲ΪţֻҪλʹ֣Ҿͷһ·
Σǵͷͬ⡣˭֪ɵ޶ų֣Ȼҹת뿪ʱͻȻ֮䱩͵Ϯ
֪Լʵ͵ϮҲ򲻹ҹóӵа񶾷ۡ
ҹմһʱѹƣûа취ʩչȫʵ޳ܵһŵٴҪɱ
ҹȻо綾ȴ˿ѶԷ˷һ޳Сˣҹһն£޶ɽʱƱɫ
һֱǾأ񡭡˻ɫ
˵飡ҹѵ
Ҫ֪ǺʲôһﾹȻ½ˣؼǶԷȫˣԼһսĵ˰ʲôӣ˭
ԵʱʵҪǶԷҪԪ󣬾һ֣ҹҲ̾ͱˣ˵ʲôŴͷˡ
ҪȻǻҹƴɽܣ
ǡǰһն£ȫǶʯԼΪжҲħԨ
ҹҪץˣڶԷͷһƣ֣㶮ʲôк𣿡
ŶŶŶͻȻԼ˹ǰ£˼ҿ϶ǲ֮ųͰѵһŸĳ޳ţ޳Ѿʵһ֮ǰǰ֮ǰ޵֮⣬Щģؼ֮һɲȥǡ
Ҫȥʲôҹ˵ͷҲЩ
糤һֱǱЮƣ㣬ɢڶ࣬ɲħԨѹơܶɢ޶ɲԲŻ֮ıš
ǱȴҲѸɿ⣬ʵڴǰǸûһſԸ࿹ġ
ʱһͬɢ޳ԱŵҹճĸӢһ㣬ɨɵɶҲȻǸܱ񻰣
һ㣬֪ҹڵһţ϶һʱŵԼѡ
˿Щ£ӦöĽɢģһ˺֪ĳЩϸڣƩɽԭ򣬴ֻĽ֪
ĽսʵΪ˿׳ţһı
ǰ֮ʧ֮Сʯͷһ뿪Ҳų˵ǿܻŻʱȥ޶ţ޳ˣһɽ´ǸҶСʯͷһë޳ž͸ƴˣ˵Ҳʮּ
ҹⷬҲ΢΢ݡ
˵ʵ֪Ľ¶µ飬ΪƣȷôֲáȻ֪⣬ʮа˾Ųģվôˡ
˵Ϊʯͷɻƴʱ򣬸ոһ˿Ҳʧˡ
Ҫ˭ΪȥɻƴֻڵʱĽ껹ҪʯͷҹǱһ£ʲôϵ
߸һ£¿˰ɣҹ뵽ģЦһ˵
ȻԣΪ׵޳æԼժ˫ֵݹҹ
սԼ͹ȥߣһ㣬ţķ綼ϴ
ǰҪȥ޶𣿡˻ҪСĵʵ
ţǸʲôȥʲôɣʱĽ㱨ҵ顣ҹ˼һ£Щô˵
ǣǰ˴Ӧһ̴˼ɿظ·
սҪȥ޶ˣ޳ŵЩ˶쳣˷ܡ
˵пһѪսﻹЩǣҹһȷѪսӦöɵѪˣ
ôĵĳ棬Ǻ޲ɹȥ
ҹҲûо֮һ㳯޶ɽȥ

Ż䣬֮ѡУ֮ǰֺųһҲڵĵطٰ졣
ڣŻѾҪ޶оˣȻúܶ˶С
޶Щսǿƣǽֵ𣬸ѹһͷŻҲ޶Ÿı䣬պӦûٸʲôڣˡ
ЩɢޣСɶû̫ĹϵǴӱɢǾϣһǿһսû䣬û䣬һֱûе׵ûȥ
ҹϵ޶ŵʱǰľѾϴνȻͬ
һʱɽϼûˣΪƽ޶ŵ֮⣬û˭û¶ε
ڣɽϼ˼ˣǰۿŻɢ޺Сɵӡ
ɵĵǣȻаţɢһġ
ҹȺ֮Уһ·ӿ޶ţ룬Ҳֻ֮ǰǸ޴Ķ£ɵĵӣǲ޶֮ڣѾ޶ˡ
һ£޳ߵĴ绹˵ע⣬עҲֻǶ࿴һۣ˭֪ĽŪһ޳ţ˶ִ硣
޳ŵμŻ䣬Ҳ㲻ֻ֣ǴҶڴţٳһҹܰһӶĴǾ̫ˡ
޳ߵˣǲ̾һһֻжԪ֮ȥǸˣôܴùأ
ף԰޳ʲôʱֳһ֣


456 Ľ
޳ŽȻѸ𣬴гǳҪԵļƣĽһ۷֧֮⣬û˵бˡ
˵޳ŰĽڣһ켶֣ڴǰǲġ
ô˵֮ܿһ
ĽǲˣϾһ˵ģһֻҪͻ޳˵ش塣
Ӧ˵ڱŽŷǱѰ壡
ҹΧעһӶȻЩ˵뷨Ҳûȥ⡣
ֻǲ޶ŷԼˣע⣬ǵûбҪ
ڶ֮ϣѾͬʱ̨̨Զһͻأ˫̨һΣӦΪõĹ̨
һ㣬ǲμӹŻ˶֪ΪȺիĸ׼ġ
ȺիǸ߸ϣᲢ۵Ĵڣÿڻ֮ʱڵλҲڷΪĵط
ֻʱɵһ𣬶ξȻһС̨һӷΣȴָ겻ͬˡ
ȺիǶǸʿǳ֣Ҳֻһ˶ѣѵξȻҪһ
Щö֪ÿ̨Աߣָ趼иþʤĳϿ̨˿̸ҲѾԵλֻų俪ʼ
ڴȺիĸ˻ûǵҪҲģĹڿʼʱͨǲֵġ
սˣǵؼ켶٣һȫɵģЩֱͨӽĶԾֵͼĻ䣬ȺիĸˣȻûʲôȤۿֻǸóֵʱ򣬲ŻƮȻ
Ǹˣʲôʱ֣ʲôʱ֣ͼ
֣벻һθŻ䣬ܰ˾ˡ֣ǺЦ˵
ǺǣܹǼò٣޶ɽӣҲ¶˼Цݣǵܳɣǲ֮أŻ䣬ҲǰλںڣǻںЩ𣿡
Ż£ǿĵһ£û˲ŻչʾԼʵھȻ
ǳǣλȻûһԷԣΪȻĬˡ
ˣûб飬ǿ㿪ʼɣʡõ˴ҵʱ䡣Щͷ˵ĴңָҲˣ̨ϵ˶ѡ
ȻļǾ͡Ҫʼ̨ȴһӡ
켶̧֣һѾ޴ľΣһ·ſˣмһ
ڹۿĴɢ֮ˣҿ⼸˵ƣһЩ˵ķΣʱԾ·˭ȥһ¶ûС
֮󣬸һľɫŮӣһϮ϶ȹһϵŻͼıŲƶ֮䣬Ŀ˿бӣƺԱߵһУֵȥġ
䡭
켶ֽ£ƵУһȦһ漴˻ӣ𼸵ҳ˿ȥӭӺŮӡ
Ůӻ߹ȥվ֮ǰȻ̧ͷŹ̨ϵȥ䣬˭Ҳʲô
֪Ůӵˣһ֮Уû˿򹧾
ѵƣ
ݹ۴ǰĻ䣬ûһŸţȻҡŪһţλӻҪɵ
ƾʲô
ŵʱѾ˾ȵط֣ŮӾȻ
ﲻʲôڱɾǾ޽еˡ˵켶Ϊǰıһֶֻùˡ
Ǳˣ켶һѣôȥɳǻᱻȥġ
Ȼ仹ûпʼڳɢͻȻоһɣƺɴǰӵеĹ⻷ѹҪࡣ
ߣ֣ĽԽԽˣǰЩ˵ĴţҲѾͷŪİɣѵôȥмŭ
Ҳ࣬Ϊ޶ŷóʲô
ȻǺȷ֪Ľģȴûȷʵ֤ݣҲֱӾͳȥԷʲô˵
˵ﵷһڱţһ˻ǼܲסǸϼһ
ֲȥ飬Ȼ͸Ӳ㡣ХɫػӦš
˵ûʲô֤ȥָĽ꣬Щ˿ͳ컹ڵĴϣХҲܹȥĽΪѡ
˵¶һСǣǸɲ͸ðű˴ļɻ䣬ȥˡ
Ҳ֪Է˼֪ܰѶԷ̼ȥΪĽ꣬ҲֻǷɧѡ
ĽǱһ֮°ſϣ̲סҧҧС椶Ҫץ˻ᣬһŸ㹻Ĵ
ףųǱһ޳ߵˡȻĽ㱨
ţĽһæתͷȥȴûпκһߵģ΢΢ü
ڡȥָȴָոջڵǸˣҲ֪ȥʲôطæ۾ֻЩڨڨĵҿ˰ɡ
̫аǲɳûȤԷǱŵոŵ˰ɣģиڣһųڶ϶ȫ
ʲôʱ¹ǸɻƴôʲôµģСĽ⼸ΧˣҲ
Щ˶һȣ޳Ҳ̫ţ˵ܵ޶ŵĵ̶Ȼڿ˵ҪɻƴҪ¶
Ҫ˵
Щ𾪵ʱĽȴѵһ䡣
ŷģԭֻǴţ⵹֣ƽڸԼҲµһȭڣ޶š
޳ŵˣҲƽʱţϰˣһʱûзӦʲôطԲŻ©˿ڷ硣
оһȤеΪ龪һҲеĸоǿջϲһʱĽĵһ䣺ǲҪǻƴջҪǵı֡
ԡ
ֲûҧˣСʵ̫
ҪҪƴǵı֣ȫǶɵӣͺָɣǳֵı˵ʶģ͸ʵǷַӾ㣡
λѾͷ𣿡ŭ
·Щ˵ɧѾȫĽǾ仰ҲûпȥѹȻҶ֪Щ϶õ˶ˢˢͷſֵķӦء
ѾͷȷЩ񣬲ӿǸλʹ׶ģѵλΪһСѾͷͰ鵢𣿡֣ҡͷȻ޳ɶ֡
Ҫ֣ҲҪȵ֮󣬡Ҳƺͬں֦ڣھͳȥǰĽϳȥЩɢ޻Ϊ޳š
޳ţʲôʱԸᲢˣƵ


457 ޶
Ȼ˵ţȴû϶֣Щɢ޲ôΪ֣˵ҲҪǣһ˻䣬ǵôȺիĸ˲ˣǿɾСʧˡ
գ·һλʾ⣬ʽʼԿڵ鶼ûˡ
Ǳ߸ոһһɧ
ɾȻˣ
ǰû뵽޳ѾôţĿŵڼӣ޶ƨҷţ
̨ϵȫû뵽ôһȫ֣һ޳ŵĽۡ
ѪȴɤȲĸо
ʱܶոĽô󵨵ƣ˶ûж֣˼Ҹո˵лͱһƺ˵ĻԵԴ϶ᱻɺ޳ŵ֤ݡ
ԣҲֻˣ
Ǳҹˣҹٻһ٣λҲֻڵ٩Լûа仰档
ôһ˵Ҿ޳žҲôţɣƾһոս˵ɣκһָͷܸˣôôţȥɣ
ˣ޳ŵı󣬿ɻһ۷أڲ׸˺Ƥɣ
Ϊһ죬޳ŲŸôɹȥ˴ͻѵҪΪ˻סĽţⲻСϣǰҲӵ޳ɣ˵޶Ŷ
˼ǡ
ҹλѹ߿˿ţ
ܰɣԱ߶һʮԴϾʡ
ôܣλһСҲûãҶˣҲڵطħԨҪ˿϶ˣ˭ҹſֵˣ˵׼ˣţô˵ĻɻǹԶҲ̵ģ
еǳ֣϶Ǵȼ֮
ֹȻ
һţ
һ˶ôǣ
ڹ̨ϵĳ֣ĬĬ·ڶɢ޶һ޲ֹĸо
޶ŵЩԶ׿ʶӢ䡱Ŀ׻Ҳöˣôǵһš
ɡôڿ
װɮ붨ӣеĹϮλӰûа붡ʵЧʵֻ˿ѪèצӣѾʮϰٵѪӣѪˮһۿš
ӵҹҲˣѾһٱģλ֮󣬾ȰѷͣҲһҪĽʰˣ
ʽʼȥ˴඼̵棬ֻЩԼ֪Լˣȥ׳һָûʲô㡣
һֱ֮󣬲ŻЩĸ̨ʱĻҲĿʼ̨Ҳĳһʱ̣ҵؽк
Ȼĳ˵ľһһ˿϶Ǳݺݵ׳̨֮⣬ֻԡѪأҲûսһȥûˡ
Ȼǿ㵽ΪֹЩȴû˭˼ɣҲûƶɱҪܵÿ˶ƴսʵԽǿˣΣҲԽ󣬸Ҳֻôһ㣬һ˲ǶԷһ˲ܾԼˡ
վ̨ϵģ˭Ҳûа˵Լһܻƺͳ˻ĬϵĹ
ߵһˣ˭õԽߵԶ⽱ҲԽ
һ̨֮Ҳʼ𽥳ɵĵӡһȽ֮£̾ͻʾСĲҪЩɵ̨ͬǿɲһ׵顣
ĽϿҲûУǾǺ٣Ҵ඼״̬ϲʱ˼˱ˡ
ģҲõĽɢޣŵĻɶԽΪӡ˵ΣߵһʵܴɵӵΪصɡ
ȻʵҲɣΪ˼ɢ޲μӻֶΡЩڿʼܵģĳɷʲֺʵĻҲлֱӼɵġ
һεŻ䣬ҲʲôĽˡԿ˼ۣ˼ȻѾˡ
ҲǵȻЦһ£֮ǰһֱˡѪĳ֣Ҳû̫Ȥȥ
꣬ɵӵΪĵ⣬ڣȻǶ˸ΪעĿ꣬ĽΣѾǣǵ˼ˡ
̫ˣӮ޶ŵ켶ӣ
ȷҿȥֻǵؼ۷壬Ȼʵܰ޶ŵ켶ӻܣʵ
ĳ̨µһƬ̾޶Ǹ켶ӣ˿ŭɫȴ޿κε̨ȥ
Ȼ˵Ĺע֮⣬ҹҲȥΪȻ֣ĵؼ۷壬Ȼʶһˣ
ţСԵؼ۷ʵսܳ켶޶ŵӣȷѵãҿ£ҲǿԵġХͷ˵
Ͳ󣬺úһ£ȷЩǰ;Ҳͷ͡
֪ҪһɣƳһۣȻ̫עܶһĵӣܹǺ¡
СӣҿĽǽϵһԸ䣬ֱӼҾڣû뵽֣ȴվֱˡ
Ȼͬʱвٵ̨ڱ䣬֣ڸ˭˵Ҷһġ
Ҳǲһ£û뵽Լһʱ䶼Щ֪룬һ֮ǹлл֣Ѿǽŵӣټˡ
֣΢΢һüֻõͷĬ˶Էѡ
ʵСɵĵӣ䱻ſϣֱ˳ɣ¼ŵ˱ȱȽǡ
ȻʲôֵóƵ飬ΪƴСɾҲ˵ʲôſ϶ÿ߶ĵطⶼ˺Ȼˡ
ȻܾһŵֱʵǴ˵⡣ֱ֣Ǹоʮûӡ
֣СǽһϵĶӣ֮ǰһֱüǰ׶˽ŵ֮λȫˣȻᱻȻڸղŲĵϸȻؽ͵
ԭˣ֣ɫŻһ¡
ûԵɣ²Ҫѵһ¶ԷǶԷ׾һСŵţӵģֳ֮£ûоͬ⣬ֱӼɵĻȷ̫ʣ֣ҲͿˡ
Ǻģɵϡ
Ҳǰˣô˵أڻǲģֻҪȥ޶žͺˡ
ԣ޶̫ˣ켶ؼ򲻹ǳֱҹ£ӶӰˣ
·Ⱥڷ׷š
С֣ӣҶȻʰۣҧ޺˵


458 ĹǱ
֣ȻҡЦ޷һСɵСӶѣȻһʶ
У޶ţСӲ񣡡ּͬ⡣
ҲһЦ֪ϼһǱЩɢļŭˡ
Щɢ˵Ҳǿ̱һ켶ӱؼСɵ˴ܸʲôϵĽ󣬺Ǵ
ɣϴγֵȷǱٸˣϺ˵öԣ˼Сӵʵ϶ǲʵģͷʾԺǵ֧֣Ӧȷذ¶ֿ֣ٴˣµ켶ӣСɵĵؼӸˣ֮ûϵġ
ǰǰΨһĹϵǣˡǹЦš
˵ΧЦȴǵôҶ׷ײĿ
޳ŵ֮󣬲ĿֶѸٲȥˣֻ߸ϽҲһ΢Цı飬ͶԷһ£˼Цʲôأû
ꡭ
ָոնĲ豭ʱ˷飬ˮӡ
λȻҲЩﲻմŹ⣬Ǳ޶˵ģһֻǱŰݣܶĻǾܿͽд˵еЦ
ֻվȫĶһţԱߵλҲһ£Ϊϼһ汻ܲˣҪ޳Ŷˡ
ĽƺǸо̨ѹҲȻ̧ͷվ켶֣һˣվһķλÿ϶ŵʱܳһ㡣
ڵ˲̨϶ʱֹͣսĿ⳯߶
޶ţǱΪһֵĳ֣ڽ쾹ȻΪɢ޵٩Ķ˭û뵽ġ
û뵽ǣĽڵΪȻ͸Ҷų֣˿ûη壬Ѿڴһ̰㡣
̵ʲô
˶ͬʱţѵҹûѾص޳ţ
֣Ҫƻľ𣿡ХСѵ
⼸ҲȥֳԱǶܿģҪķĻǾһҲˣΪ֮ԼҲҪù
ֲֻ·ĿϣֱƵĽǱߣԷš
ôͣǲٱȥ𣿡ʮ㣬ӼңԶĵطƮת˲Ѿ˵ͷϣ˷Ӧ̧ͷʱӰѾźϷĶ̨ϡ
ʱҲſˣмһᣬȥʮӣһ»ȫͳеİ벻·Щɢޣɵʱ˿мһ˵ɫ
ֱǸ꺺ӣһⶼ׹ӣ˿һΪǿߣòҲʮͨһ˫۾ȴ˸һ֮¾⡣
һʮµĸˣ˵ӵǺͰ࣬ϵϢҲ΢ƽͣʱӣ˭֪˵Ӧվм䣬ǸȥǷˡ
΢΢һ̴һתλʹ
ΪֹͣȻмǸ˿˵
ڵӵ֪ʹҵһʹ¾˿ҵ˵
Ŷ˵ĿȻǺܲмȴһ˿⣬ǾͿʼɣõ飬̨߳Ϊôý𣿡
ǣָӦܽģ츳ĵ֮⣬ȻǾӢ֮еľӢʹʧ
ţãʹһǰСС磬ѡʲĵӳ֮ĻὫԽԽ࣬ʹĻǺǣԺҲٱʲôϣˣɲշ˰ȻţҲ𲻴󣬿۵ĶûУǾֱӾΪϣɡ
ǡּ˶ڵš
СһǸĻɫһҪĶˣɾ鷳ˡ
ͬģĶͨҲȽϺ˵ôĶ壬ֻҪ˵ö˼׾ܴˡ
⼸˿ɶǾþ˵Ϻ꣬ЩҲѲǣ˼ת˼תѾ˼ƽϡ
ʹˣѴ˴츳ļλӽʹйĿǵһμʹˣǾҵƲ⣬˶Ȼʹʹ⡣΢΢Ц
Ŷᶯһ£Ǳɡ
⻰˵ȻƮɫҲ˼ڴƺڲ²žʲôӵˣһ⡣
˵֮䣬Ѿĸ˱һظ̨ϣ˿ʱҲ΢΢һ
ͬ޷ƽģ̨ĳУǸ޳ߣһ¹ҹ
ĸ츳壬Ȼȫʶˣ
еҲһֱҪѰҵ⡢ĪСһȻڼһεٻ
֮ŮףȾľʹݣ·ڶɢҲЩ͡
ĹǱ֮壬Աߵĸ΢΢һ֮ʧеȷǧһ벻ССȻϺõʣ
˵ţȴޱźôǴȺի⼸ÿ궼ȴûѡ˺õʣθո˲֣ƫƫĹǱ֮˳ѵǴȺի˾ͷ
˵ʵڿһɲǣѶԷĳ嶯ͬҲ֪ǲܵġͬˣҲɵӣпܷŹ˺ʵĵ
ҲߵĿתһ£ڸĪСϣһ֮壬һת壬Ҳϵȵ츳塣
ӽſٻЩͨˣһڰʣҲδʲôɾͣɵħˣպҲܴ߰ա
ţܺã⼸ˣҺ⣬Ȼ֮ȻǵĽ˵Ľܣ΢΢ͷŮ϶ִһ飬ٻϸͣһ£Եʮ⡣
ˣ˿Ǳ˷ӡѨλȫľżһվûһ˵Ҳûһ˶
ȥԷ̾˼һĸ˶΢΢һ£漴Ųվȡ
ӦǸһʱ令ĪСǰɵǰνʹǱվŵٻ
þţû˭ҼӺǣֻҪȥһĺõطɲʲô˶ȥġ˿ڰ
ǲȥʲô磬鷳뿪ͺáĿﶼǺ⡣
ߣòҪܽһʸѾ֮ǲΪõĻʹնɱǣв
ȭͷһȴѾоĪСںֻĬĬɿ


459 ֮
ҹڰסȭͷˣҪ˵ߣĺѡ
ʹÿҲ۷ΪƺǵʵֻΪ֮ܵƣűǿѹƵ۷壬ΪӦǻ߸ǿ
ˣټȫվڶԷһߣҪ˳˶ֱǲܡ
ſʼɣ̨ϵѾԸ˴ҲֻҪ츳壬ҲһҪѡΣ츳ΰúܺãϣҲҪʧ
ǣæ޶Ž굹һѡȻѾʮ꣬һǰŵؼ۷壬һʱ䣬Ѿɾ۷塣
ҹٴһݣֱ˵ӦԳз硣
Ŷһʱ䣬Ծһ󾳽磬ﵽ۷壬ȷǸţ˵Ҳ¶˼־ȣǾɡ
΢΢Щ⣬Ȼ˼ʾܿԷ
һԾһ󾳽磬۷ĳ̶ȣҲˣͬǾͲţЩˡ
ȻǸѾЩʱֻҪֺʹѶԷƳȥҲǸԼıô
ȻҲ֪ԼƣǼһҲ벻ҪԼ̨˳ˮ飬˳ˣ˶кô
ȥԳз̨ɡĳλϷԸš
Щ˶ͣɣ˽ɨһЩ̨ϻڽеıƴʵûнĿܣҲա
⻰һһЦ
ʵҲ֪˰ٷ֮ʮŶûܽģ⻰㵱Ŵҵ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ⲻ֮꣬Ľô˵û˵ĻԺЩɢޣĵμŻ䣬ǸͲܵˡ
ԥһ£Ǹˡ
֮ǰ䣬һֱǴȺիʹЩ⣬ƺѾΪ˵ĸˣֻϣԷܿ˵仰
ԺôĻҲѡʲôˡ
ֻǸƤһûֵڡ⡱
Ҳû취ֱѾ˵ˣǸ㣬ûʲô¶Լжʹȥûжȥ
Ȼʹ뿴ǣǵӴͣǸ̨ȥɡһƮӰͬʱһ̨
̨ԭڱƴˣ΢΢һ£ûзӦѾһȭɳȥݺˤ̨֮ľʯϡ
β̨֮ͣһٵ̨ϣͬȭ
ߵȻѾӦæֵΪʵ̫󣬵ڶԷȭͷ¸һһۣҲ֮ǰӣһɵ̨
Գзľٶֳ̾ķŭҲ֪Ҫʲôʵ֮ǿֱ˵ⳡǵһҲû˻ᷴԣϾ˼۷ʵţɶ˵̨ͺǼ˼
ŭǷŭȴû˸˵һ׺ãԼ˵˵̨ɱô죿
ⲻʲôܵ飬ΪѾʧȥǣ̨վ˭ҲʲôΪֱȥһȭûɵӣҲ
仰˵һı߶Ķ񣬾Ǹҳӵġ
Ȼڸ̨ϵ˿һĻȴ΢΢۾м֮ɫ
˾Ҹղ˵ģµԳз硣Ҳû뵽ԳзȻߵһЩλʹûзУĿҲʹﵽˡ
˵ȷмֶΣţ޶Ŵ˴òʹͷһ϶ıʾ
ϴһ˿ϲɫңΪʹЧӦ顣
ŵĵӣȻԳзһȭ֮Ӳʵ̫һЩʹͻȻһתɫҲ൱ض˵
˳֮⣬Х˶΢΢ͷǶӣڲ˵ʲôֻҪûһܴԳзģ϶ֻǰ˵㲻ûѶԷˣԻǱúá
ﶼǶԳһͨһ飬޶žȻڹͷ
ϧǣҲȷûܸԳзˣԷѾﵽ۷壬ոյĳ֣ЩϣҲδؾܸԷ⣬˵ǵˡ
ԳзתһȦҲֻʮϢʱ䣬̨ϾȫȥֻʣվһվģǸոǸԵؼ۷ʵ켶ӵ
Խ켶ӵǸɢޣԳзЩϷʵٻǽˣνɡ
ɫ͵óȥܴһ켶ڣѾ߾ȫˣͨҲǶ֡
ǰȴѾﵽ۷ĸֵ֣ĻᶼУԷȴνǹ
ǰ䣡һûȥν̹䡣
սܣ϶˭Ըģͨ˻ᱻ˱ӣʱȴ˱ų
Եؼսʤ켶Ѿչʾ㹻ʵ䣬֪ˣֻһζȥɱĻǾͲ䣬޴ˡ
䣿Ǻǣ޶ŵ켶ӣ޶ɨأһҪ̨𣿡Գзͱ˵
̨µɢǺȻԳзҪȻѹɢȻŶǸ߸ϣеĵҲɢ޵һ£ɴų̂ôġ
Ҫʲô˼׼ﰵҪĽ
˵̨µɢޣǹ̨ϵĳ֣ʱüͷ
Ȼһ磬ϾĸѪɲ޶ŵ׸Ϊɻ㣿
ֻתͷλʹû˿𱸵˼ʮͶԷһʱվûпڡ
˭ǶҵĻ̨ҾսԳз糤һӣָ̨£ǾһܵҼ
ܶ˶ŭ𣬿ɸ֪ǰˣԼЩǣе켶ɢֹģֻҧ
νɣԳзתصϣû˾ȵ㣬ֻǸЩһССĽѵֻϿ˶ѡ
ʶһ£ֱ͹ԣڻس
ҲԳзûд̨ǻԷƴˣôҲһڶ
ܺãףһ֣֮Գз͵ؿ˶Էһۡ
һ˪ѩĳ²ţһоӣʱ˳ȥҧһڡ
ⶾоӵΧΧһһ˿˿Ԫâȥ򵥵ĽƣȴԵ÷ǳÿ
ɫʱøѿԭѾãƴһҪնԷһڣԷĽʲôطжϲôȥӭս
Ѿ˺ˮȴ֪Ҫô̤һ
ס֣


460 ӡ
ԳзЦҪ̳һʱͻȻ̨Զĳ䣬һȡ
һӰֳΡ
Ůӵĳ֣ٴγһոѾһӵ⣬û뵽ͬһȻٴγһܸƽɫľŮ
λǲűϢľɫŮӣǰ̤ȥǰڵˣ׷˿Ϊ·ĿλŮʰŮӣһߵ̨Զ
Գз磬ڵҰɣ̧۾ƽ
ԳзҲ¶ֺͬЦ⣺ұǵҹǿҹȷѾˣֻһֻڣҲ̤磬뻹ŶԹ
ڶݵش֮ףԳз֮һֱԭǸҹйϵ
Է϶ǲ鵽Լҹй֪ҹĸԣԼҹֻû뵽ҹá
ţԳзȻû츳壬ϵȷЩţնһжԹ֤ʹûпˡ̨ʹ͵صͷ
ֵʵﶼ޲óȥԳзκλʹƫƫͿҲֻԳзˡ
Ĺӣ̨ǸŮƺҲһ츳塭Աߵĸǰѡ
ʹ̧ұֹۣ˸˵ȥ츳Ѿв٣ҿǸŮӳò֮⣬Ҳûжر𣬵Գз˽ζԹ˵ɡ
۵һ˿ѶԹ˽ˣǸŮӻ
ģϣ˶ûзŮӵ֮Ⱥիϣ
ˣҸ粻̨£Ű׳һ˵㣬ΪҪ㡣
Цƾ𣿡ԳзЦţòֻиոսʵҪɱң̫߿Լˡ
̫߹ԼŶԣĿû˿ǰڲֻ֣Ϊ˴Ҹһ켶۷壬ߣڲڣҲɱһ֮սţأڵʱ涼¶ʸЦ𣿡
Ŷ
̨ÿ˶һȻ̾ո̨ҫ޶ŵӵԳз磬ԭҲսҹ
ʵ̫޳ˣרбҹȥڿҹ㵹ţˣǲҪˡ
춼ٻţҾ㿴֮Ĳж󣡡ԳзŭһԪ֮ڳϻš
һаĹâϵ뵽УɫҲǰضỺؽӡ
ͬʱĽٿվ
˫ֿʼǰӡ켶÷ԸѾʼ
һʱλ켶Ľ֮Ѹתţƺ֮֮ţǴһƵģй
Ӵ󶼻۵Ľһ˵Уת˲ӳһ̺ž޴Ĺš
ټıֳȻϢ
ҲĽǱߵĶҲףԭ޳ŲΪ˸ǹȥֻΪҪҹᡣ
⵹ˣߵˣû˿ĺøУǴҲûԼ¶
ԳзҲûϵ޳Ľֽ˿̿ŶԷ۵ƣȻӡ
۵Ľһʱȷǳ̫̫ͨ࣬һ˵Ըڿˡ
˵Ҳǿȵڶѣ֮䣬̫Ĳࡣ
죬Գзȴ˿û⣬ӽնʱĿȴϡ
ӢǬһĴУӢǬĶҹҲǸޱܵȻһֱĬĬţΪҵˣûд˿Ĵ⡣
ɵһն֮ȴȻڲʩչӡƺǸӡ˷ָĳ̶ȡ
ԳзЩûٵȥһš֮䣬г֮Ǿ˹㳯ȥ
Ľɫһ䣬Ȼ֪Գз粻򵥣ȴû뵽Ǽ˵ĺȻһ˲ԷҪЩܡ
ûзĽС󣬺ܶ鶼Ȼúܽ
ȴûвȥģûһ֮󣬲Ųȥġ
ۿվ֮䣬һɹɸǿԪ֮ǿе
ԪâУٿ䱻۳һѹ⽣
˵Щɢޣ̨ϵ־Ҳȫһݡ
ڣȻ̶ֳȣĽѵҲţھҪ˵ԪǲҪ
Ľѹ⽣ʱѾʼ΢΢ţ˶Ǿϵ£ȻԷѾ˼ޣɴʱ˭Ҳû˵ʲô˿ûмԷ
ಡ
⽣ƿն
ѽûʵʣǵ̹ռʱ򣬷ž޴ƿѽѾʵ壬նһƵġ
ĽһҪصϣĿȴűٿŷɳĹ⽣ӲԳзķȥ
߽ʵһɢŲӲӹâĹ⽣˲Ϣ֮ͱùӰģɽǹ⣬أ˶ƺн֮
ֻһ˲һ˲ʱĽ֪׻ûеס
ԳзķȻתȻȥ
ᣬȴҲûзһ˫ַޱȵؼӡǸӡԶ᲻߽꣬᲻һ
ʲô˾ȵط֣ӡԽԽ죬ǰѾһӡ
ŵķӡһ֣ʹŷ·µƣƺеһУӡĸǰֵһƵģ˿ܣҲ˿顣
ԳзҲǵӡ˿͹˼ɲǷɽƴԪҲֻԸıһ½Ĺ켣Ҫջǲܵġ
˵ˣҪжôôջԼĳ
˿һзʵѾĽµĹ⽣˽룬ɽתľ޴͸ȴȻǳֲ
Գзţǵӡǿ󣬵ʱҲһΪܵ𶯶˵
˵ףҲֻһڵʵĽ껹켶ϣĳµķʽԪҲûа취Լ⡣
ʲôûУֻԼһӡȻ÷ӡܾ
̫߿㣬ӢǬҹʵɵ̫ˣԳз翴ųһǰ˵
֮ÿתһȦԪĹâȥһǰ趯
ۿѾεǰֻҪһſڣͻɫıɽŮ븹С


461 
ʱȻ̧ƤһֱڳʩչŵӡҲڴ˿ͣƺûɣѾȥˡ
һʮֹƻмȥǵӡҲƺܵʲô٣ͻȻ΢΢ƺֻҪһϣӡϾܷص
ͣ°ɣ
ʱȴһֱƽᣬ΢΢һ¡
תͷķʱˣѾǰ
磬ῴֻǸź£ͷ޳ߵĹˣϣȴůЦˣ
ͣ°ɡҹǾ仰һֻ֣û˿ڵسͷġߡץȥ
Ŀ֮£ҹ־ôץˡߡͷ
ͷȥǿʯͷǿᱻ̵ûеߡڷһ󶣶ֱ֮һѽӣȵرҹץС
ʣµĽҡҹŻعͷȥЦһ¡
ţͷ
ǰǵ˺óʱ䣬ķӡһֻջص
ҹĽǸץסɽһ޳ŴıӰЩʧ̬ؽţ㣬㣿
ҹתͷȥƴҲҪˣ˸мҲ˼ů⡣
ȥʱеˡ޳ժԷЦЦ˵
ĽҲЦ˳ֻЦЦţۿﲻعλһ£ڵϡ
ųҹǼˡ
١װش
ҹܻҲһϲ񣬱Ϊ˵ҹȻټǶֱ˴󽱻Ҫ˷ܵĸо
ҹ磡
壡
ĪСȻҲҹˣһҪ̨ȴǸʹĹӸ˻
Գз磬ĶԹɣͿԵõһʸˡĹָҹԳз
лʹˡԳз繪лš
šĹӿȥͶԷµӣһתͷֳҹ˵ͬģʤԳз磬ҲԸʸ񡣡
ҲҪʸܸܲ㻻Ķҹüëʵ
ʶ̧٣ĹӸʸѾǷ⿪㲻֪м̰Ĳ㣬ԱŭȵתĹӽӣСһͲǻˣֻڵʵû츳壬ûʸ磬طӣЧȣ
ĹٴұۣʾԷö˵⣺սʤһԳз磬㻹ҪʲôҲսʤҲ磬һԿǴӦҪֻҪҪĲر׵Ķ
ӡʧе
ɲһʹӦôĶģһˣɾ涼ȥˡ
ȻҲ֪ĿԼûУڽ˵϶ǲʵġ
ض˵ˣǹӣǹӣĹ΢ŭ
ŵҲҶ໰ͷ˵һߡ
ͿҪ𣿡ҹڴһ˿Ц⣬ҪҲԣ
ҹָŸ̨ϣĸˡ
ٻֻĵһᣬ֪ҹ˵϶ûĴڡȻȥģǵԷô˵ʱ˵ĵס
Ĺû뵽ҹĸҪɫ΢΢һ£ֵ֮Ҫ츳ˣǺǣҵģҿһѡһ
˵꣬Ȥؿҹ뿴Էĸ˱ȽϸȤ
Ұλʹܣǲǿ԰˶Ҫҹʵ
ȻĹӹЦҺϲԸ񣬵ϲҵǰȥԳзսɣӮҴʸûС
һһΣǲǰˣҾͿԴ뿪㲻˵ֻû˵ҹҲòƲЦʵ
õӵļĹӵɫЩãֻϣԺ㲻ҵǰŪЩСҿԴӦ㣬ܴˣ츳ˣôöԡ
ӡٴμеҪȰ裬ϧҲٴαһͨ
ǲǿӾԻˣĹӰ˵
˿ҲҶ˵ʲôֻﰵ¶ģһҪҹֵĻһҪǰ棬Сֱնɱ˵ĺãĹԣǳʲôҪ鷳
ܺãҹһŻͷ̨ϵԳз磬㲻һֱڵˣҵɱ㱨𣬻նݳ
˵ţץŵǰѳ˻ȥԼҲһ̨̤
٣Ǵš

һźʱ˻Ӧ
ոԳз̨ҫ˳ޣںһѹסɫˣǶѾվҹǱߣܶɵĵӶ⡣
˵ҹսܴܲùԳз磿ǸҲͦġ
ЦԳзʲôɽϻСƣҹսֻҪСָͷܰˡ
ҿûôףǸԳзڵʵƲеκһǺöԸĽɫǰηʮֿ͹ۣξͻȻתˣҪǸҹȵĻԳз϶Ǹҹ˭һȭ֣߷ŵս񰡣˵һָͷ̫ˣҿȭ֮ڣԳз϶ſˣţȳҪǿ
һڳѪˣôܲܲȷ
Ѿʧߵıˣôһ㣬Գз硢˶ҪǿһˣȻ˵׵һƵġ
֣ҹ֣ĹӺʵ
һʱҲҲֻõͷҹʵȷЩŹ֣ҲûЩɢǴŵš
ֻ֪ʤ˻ǰˣĹЦ
Ҳ֪ԷҪЦʵЩŭʹߣҲûô׹ǹؼʱڣҲֻˣˡ
ĹһЦĶԷļ򣬡ģʹ
㲻Ҿллˣȴǹлʹ
Գз磬֣ѵñʹ𣿡Ĺ̨֮ϡ
Գз⻰Ҳûа취ȥжȻ
ֲķȷǳ֮СϸĻûа취ֽϵı仯ֻԼöԷĽϣһİ׹⣬Լۻһ
ҹ㸸״ģҲ㿴ԳзĽУǷǲǸʤٱԳзʮֵؿҹû취ӢǬܸ㿴һУҲһ׮Ըɣ
һμ䣬̤õĲת۾͵ҹĸǰ򵥵һб̹ȥ
ĽУҹĬȻؿţȫǱζֻ˵


462 ɽ
ҹԳз۵ȴһ˿óѰϲɫۿһҪ̵ҹǰߵĵطͻȻһʧˡ
ԭػһƺ̣˶ʧӰ١
һֹһӦתѰҶܵȥһֱҲԷӰġ
ҹȴûзֶԷʧһȻԭأûжһ¡
Ȼٿ̧ƣǰĿһץνУ
ҹۣҿҹٴץһǸոձҹץһѣоһĽС
ڽ֮Žֱ֣ۺ壬Ҳظڴҵǰ֮ǰʧԳз硣

ţԳзҲƻģһƺʧȴλöûжֻҹתٷɱһ
̨Ҳвٵɢ޶˶Էͼ
иðСϷҲƭƭͨ˻УҪƭǵ޳սԶأš
ǣиðҲƭ˭
д󣡡
һʱ⾫͵úͷմϷһô˵һ˵Ҳͨ˵ķ롣
ԳзʲôطѧģĹȴ΢΢۾
ļʶȻΪ෴൱һɲ֮УûвԳзȥʲôط
ҹȻ׼ȷҵԳз֮Ĺá
ΪСС֮Уù۾Ҳֻϣֻ̨ϣܸᲢ۵Щ޷ܡ
ǱŵԳзڱĵطʲôҡͷӦš
ʲôãϴ壬ˣĪСں˵
ĹתͷȥԴϷ˵ȻҹȷռϷ磬ǱӸģԳзˣ˭ֻб˵㣬˶Уҹ
Уţ˭ᰡĪСмذĹһָۣһʱ˿ɱޱӣСûǣ˳þᣬǴǶ㣬ˡ
ĹһʵЩĪСתȦ˵ˣԸģˣҪתÿϴţһ츳ϴѾҲһ顣
ޣôˣñ˸ϴţ߲߰˵ֲ裬ƾʲôϴţС㲻ϴţϴˮȡĪСŭ
ʲôĹӷֻ˵ˣ϶Է˼·
ޣ˭˵ҪˣĪСһڣܲмصˣĶעһעٴģŵʱûӰ
ĹЩңֻתͷ̨ȥ
ҹһԳз磬Գз㣬γڶԷУǯסһŬû취ó
޿κ֮£ԳзֻɿǷٵ˻ȥ
ҹûгû׷ɱǰѳһֻס⣬һŤǰ˪ѩͨıʱ黨״Ϊˡ
ԳзҲûϵԼԱȡʤĶȻô׾ͱԷ˿еظܵҹв
ЩڣϴҹͻƵʱŶԷֵʱҪ֮ʱɱԷ˭֪ټʱҹѾñȴǰӿֲ
ֵˣһɱͲһ죬һɱͲһ̡Էǿֲ츳Զ²ж죡
ҳӢǬĽܲĵҲ洫ԳзĿ˸ţƺİ취ǿֵĻ֮ڣܽڵء
˵ԣҾõ㣡ҹ˵ţִӱϳ˰ҹ
ԳзɫˣǿֶԵУҲûаӮҹСӿǳǿɻ˵ˣǿҪ˵Ļֻǿ
ʹʧܣһ¶ԷεôôԼһأԼε˵𣿼㣿
룬Գз϶־ܣΪֻ֪ҪҹĻᶼûС
ȰҹѾ۵ػһɺɢȥҪһ£ԷĿĶֻϴνҡ
ζ֮ûվԭزѸپͳ̨±ȥֻҪ棬ܱһ
ҹס
ˣͷǱˣҹĺڵѾıؾ֮·ϣɹܡʧˣ
ԳзѾȥģֻƴضҹĵ档
ո˵ҹĵ˵ǵõӢǬ洫ȻְֵĽ̵ȴֳ˶Էеľ裬ÿһӢǬӰӣȴֲȫǸ˵ַ
ӢǬĽΪºͣҹĵ֮ȴ˸İԵ
ΪְԵԳзȫҹûҹƣܿȥץĽС˵ǻһ˫ƣȥץҹĵ棬Ҳֻܱơ
ڵԳз磬ֻƴضţһѧСһһڻͨһõѾԽԽˣ
ۡ
ڵϴԳз磬Ȼ֮һλ˺̡
ҹĵƲ䣬ֻǱ֮ǰҪѸ˼֣ն֮󣬽һɨ
顭
Գзһҷɵ̨ıԵϡ
֪СϷҹսûãҪóۣ
ô˵˼ң˼ҴҲͦ۵ģ֮ǰһ˼ҵİҪȻ˵֮˼ôģ˵Ǹ˴ܣڵϹŹžˣǶûӣ
Ҳǣԭˡ
Գз۵һѪǷİõԭ
Գз磬һңн죿ҹᰵҹһǰȥ
ʵ㲢ȫҵĶֻһЩСֶжҵķλԳзǲʣٸһλᣬδؾͻ㡣
ϧҹҡͷ㲻лˣ
Ѱҹ𣬺ݺݳԳзն¡

Ȼҹվûһշıص
ɽǴ˵еķɽ
ֵؽţΪҹģһѻеıѾӦó֮Ϊɽˡ˿ǰѽڿУƺֻҪҹһжѽ̾ͻ֮Ƶġ
ҹüͷȻһתͷ̨ȥ
ҹʤѷ֣˸һսʸˣԳзˣŻôͣˡĹӸ߸ϣŲΥ
ѾԳз磬ͻȻ֮ҵ˾ݣ̹ڵϿͷелʹ֮պȻĸ湫ӣǣ
㲻ҪĶˡҹŶԷ۾
ӵ黹ֲܣĹɫӲãȻʤҲʸԳз֮ĶԹղһΪֹͳɣӴ֮ͬһŵӣԹᣬӵһսûбҪ𣿡


463 ӡ
Գз΢΢󳷣뿪˰ҹֵķΧ΢΢˿ҹֻն׽ǣʵܸһȻͬΪʹµӣԸ㻯ɸΪ񲯣츳ҸãǧҪһʱͿԼ·
¶·ҹ
ô˵ԳзƽǴѲ֮ƽһҲɱ㣬ҲɱңԺͬЭһʹҪ顣
ҹĬţҹķб̨ϣ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
Գз˵һġ
ҹȻʹ϶˵ģһѷɽ˭Ƶˣ
ӵһѷɽ԰֮ȡ׼˲֮أûʲôɱԡ
ôѡĽ૵˵š
¡ЩԥҡͷٲһЭˡ
죡Ľ汩غȶ˶Է
ҲæźʹɫʾҪ໰
ȻλųҲ˽ҹĸԣʲôǵѡǵĻֻġ
ɸǸɸ꣬񲯾񲯣ҹ̧ͷЩ޻䣬еģٹһ꣬Ҳվܻ⡣
Գз۾һ˿⣬ȴװȣô˵ҪΥʹ
Գз磬˵ҹȻƽʣ㲻лˡ
˵һҹ
ĹҲüġ
һ֮£ڿеķɽٿسҹնȥ
Գз۵׸һ˿Ц⣬ϣģ˭֣վӮҡ
ۡ
ɽնµʱҹӰȻһնɢˡ
˶ȵؿһĻĳ˲䣬ܶ˶ΪǷɽӵе̫󣬲ɱ˵ͬʱôЧ
Ĺӵɫȴ쳣ѿΪ֪ҹҲһԳзĶҪӸԷڷɽնµ˲䣬ֻһӰ񣬶ȴ֪Ѿܵȥˡ
ꡭ
Գз練Ӧʱ򣬰ڵĵѴӱ͸ǰŵؿǽصУƺǾܷ顣
ȻѾ飬ҹ˵ĳЩһԶûа취ı䡣ڻ֮䣬Ѿɿƣŵ浹ȥ
ӢǬˡԳз絹ڵϵһ̣л૵߶ʲôĿڿҹʱȴַ𼸷ֳ֮ɫĶӣҲһ·
һ˿ԸԳз类ҹ̨վûб۾
ҹĹӿѾûа취صĽһ֮䣬ѾշԾ̨ϣǰķɽҲವػصУ㾹Υӵ
ҪĶ磬飬ֲܣҹ̨µԳз磬ȷԷǷˣʱתͷֱĹӣԳзҵĳˣҪɱҵ£ͬҲֲܡ
ֵҲԾ̨ҹŭĹӵ飬Ƕŭɶ
ĹӿŭˣͨͨЩ˾Ҳ磬Ҳиǿʵˡ
죡
û뵽ҪĹӽѵҹ䣬ǱˣһҹĹһġ
ҹҪһ컯ҽǱޣʣպȻвСĳɾͣĹ˵ʱָ߸ϵİȻ֮ɫƺף˭˭㾹ΥҵҲò㣬ųսǱӾ֮˿˭һһˣǸ˭ĺ
ҹ
СС磬Ȼ֪Ĺ֪иǿߵֶΣеķɽܿķĹҹƺЩɱ˶Էһû츳壬ҲţڳĻڹлĻһһ
ҹ
£ҹüĹѾһлӲɱ֮ѵ㻹б˵
ҹ̧ͷ˵ˣҲôϻҪҵĶȴ᲻Ҫ
Ȼڤ粻飬תĹӹ֣ӣɱСӣ˿֮Ǵ磬ҲֻӴ¶ˣڳĸɾ
飬ȻԶ֡Ĺ΢΢õ
Σֻ˵һߡ
֪ص鲻ð죬æҲõõа
ҹɽ֮£⣬㻹ĹӵĻϴɣһֱûпڵĸҲȰ
Ĺҹƺڸŵطᡣ
ಡ
ƿ֮Ѹ̨ϣȴǸĪСˣͻԾҹߡ
壬ΪҲˣءĪСһͷ˵ҹҲ֪ûУͦġ
ȴĹӣҹǰ棺ɽôɱҹ硭
ǰһɱˣ
ƮٻתŶ
ŮˣΪȵģǾͻԭ𣿡ĪСĨ˰ᣬȥٻһߣĵģ˵û㣬ҶҼҴһëЩ츳壬ǸŮڣ㲻ݣ
벻Щ츳壬ȻôĹϵĹӵһ˿ϷʣĿɨ̨֮ϵ⣬ǲ֪ǲǺ֣ΪʲôǸŮӣһֱûж
ҹܶʱɱȻʲô
õģĹ¶Ȼ֮ɫһмвʲôֻǷӡļѣڵԣеˣİˣԼ˭֪Ȼᵣ㡣
ֻһͨ˶ѡҹΪʲôҪӡ
ǺǣǧĹǱ֮壬飬˵ҲȻ㲻õİмֶȥԸŮˣֻĹǱ֮֮ɶ飬ĹӻصҹϣոһֵʱҾѾ⼸츳֮˵лĹǱ֮Ϊң÷ӡļ䣬ļеļӡԶ֣ʵǿʮҲƿ
˵ʲôʹһ㡣ҹֱ˵
㲻ҴҸᣬİ΢΢ͷ˵⼸츳˵ʮҪҪǴ磬ҪĲֻ츳壬һļҵģ˵ҵ츳壬ΪûʸҶģڿıǮ㣬ֱʧȥ⼸츳壬ҵĶעǣˣЩѣңΣ
ǲܣҹԥҡͷÿ˶ˣƷǷ˭ͬҲҾͬٿأҲǵһϡ
İ۾΢УҹӦ֪ʵҿȫʧ䣬ֻǲôѡ


464 ע
ҷӡǵļ䣬֮ộǶԶңĪҪһ𣿡İɫ˵
ޣ㲻ǣΪΪǺãûôİɣĪСİϺݺȥֻĭɲôԶѣҪĻǾ͸һûˡ
Ƿӡ˼䣬ǵ츳ҲܵСӰ죬Բ򲻵ѣҲ²ߣİ̹׵²ܱ޲ߺãĵĻΪԻ뿪ŶҺɢޣֻҪһ£Ȼа취˶Ϊɱһ㲻ݣʱʲôı䣬ֻЩѣɱӡˡ
ҹڵϽ˽֪Է˵һ٣ԳЩ˵Ϊ϶վλʹǱߣİȶԷҪΧɱԼ
ʵ԰С
Ŀԣ˵ĶעʲôҹƬ̣ͻȻ˾
Ӯˣһû
㳤ֵķϣҲһƽϡҹ԰Ŀİϡ
ҧгһ£ȴҲûȥΪİ϶лҪ˵˶Էķͷ
Ҫʲôİʵ
֮ǰ˵һӮ㣬һ츳͹ңҹָŶԷӺ͸ˣӮ츳嶼У㲻ٴߡ
ҾòھͰǵļ䶼ӡˣİЩŭ
ֻһͨˣӡûκηҹֱŶԷʣµˣаʱӡĻֻѾˣ٣ҿڱӡ֮ǰһƴһսôҸұ֤õĳʬ֮⣬κмֵĶ
ԸҲǸңİЩᡣ
ôˣҲҪһ𣬸ǻһţǼֱǻĪС޲ܰͷȥ
İҹ磬ѾΣҪܶӮҹ磬ҿԷ㣬㲻ҶĵĻǾͿ˭ɡһ
ٻҹһۣҹ˵ֻǸ޹ؽҪˣǷ̫࣬˵һţҾͻţ˵ȥҿȥ
İ벻־棬ոҲֲֻ²ѣȻҹЩĵλлҪҪöࡣ
Ѿǰͷӡļ䣬ԷֻЩ˸ӷ
ãҾ͸Զģ˭Ӯˣ츳͹˭İڵͷԼ䡣
ȥɣҹŸ˿һۣʾԷȥ
ĪСһԾ̨ٻǷص˸̨ϣǣס֡
ⲻ£һΣҲ˵ģٻḧͷ
ԷֻЩ־̨ٻ㣿ҡ˭Ϊʲôһ벻ʲôطÿ¡
ɪɪһֻҹǽǵСèǸоٻûж⣬ŶԷ㣬㡭ߺòã
Ҫ£ٻָ̨ϵҹڣʲô¡
˭Щӵ̨ϵҹƺЩʲôֻһ
ˣٻ
ǡɷ򣿡ʵ
ٻЦЦͷǰǱطΪ㣬ġ
ǡǻܻȥ𣿡⿴·ҹ
֪ٻҡͷǲ£Ϊڡ
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̨µɢ˵վ˭ǱߣҹһɢޣɱɣǳһڶԱܵض˼׽
ټϸʹޣǧͷһΣᣬٹǧ꣬Ҳлῴڶˡ
ԴҸϣҹܴһ漣ǸʹƨЩͨɢޣȻҹ磬֮꣬ôһʵľҲǴϼʮˡ
ҹаɣҿֶܲҵķɽֵ֮ˡİص
ҹγҹҴû˵ҪʲôҪʧˡ
ǺǣİЦҿΨһܿùȥģҲֶֻ֮⣬ܶеı¶ûС
ҲҼʶһ·ɽҿ֮⣬һеı¶ûСҹͬЦţС˵һϣһˣҪޱӾͺá
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ڶɢ޶طĸоҪʼǿ֮սʵʮСҪܡ
İһֽһɽٿȻһ⣬һ硣

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ֻǸոտʼѣİŶԷˣЩмֻôһĻʵ̫ʧˡ
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һ䣬ɽٶٴμӿ죬һâ˸ţ̨֯һ޷Ĺ
֮£ڶգۼҹһϣѾʮӣÿһѪðȥΪֲ
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ǡٻҲŵúܣ֪ԼȥҲһȲҹֻƾעѣԴʱֻܾذο⣬һûµģİɣֻѰʱ
˺öѪָԾ
ЩֻСˣ˵Щ˿ֻҪգգ۾ϵۼҲٻ˵仰ʱԼҲһ
ҹ׵ĴߣܻᱻССķɽɱһᣡ


465 ô
ת֮䣬ҹñѪϴһֻʼգﶼû¶˿Ļҡ
ÿһնջأȻǰһжȣȫûΪһƣа겻
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Ҳ˵ЩΣԷʵĹǴжȵĳǵƫȥĳ̶ֳ˵Ϊֹİûһǳɹġ
ΣİԼѾо˲ǿ򶨵˵ȥҿжٵѪֻͬѡ
𣿡ҹȴ¶һĨЦ⣬ɽ޵е𣿡
ٶ˵İһȶһӿŷɽĹ١

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ҿҹı飬Ϊʱҹ˶ӰˣϸĵȴԷ֣İѾԽԽѾ¶صĲ
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İɫЩ֪࣬ԷôģǿԿ϶ǣԼķɽμ٣α仯󶼻ᱻҹһ񿪣Ѿ֪ɽ㡣
ҹǻԱ©壬ȻڶԷ似ĵ֮£Χһظս£ôŬնһӣľ˼㡣
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ɽ;зеİٿļСҹҪסɽȴһҪӶԺȥȵµһҹɡ
ЦǣոҹֻȡһǿԱľ棬ԼѾˣʵǲӦá
ɣҹٴ𣬡ҼȻĽΪֻάһԱ״̬ǰ㿳ôལǰװʧôѪ
İͷԭʼʱǼһﾹȻǹĿľȻ˽Ľ
ģʵЩֲûмôˣֻΪȡһ棬Լն¼ʮ
ȻЩҲˣҲǧеʹࡣ
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仰û䶨İͻȻסˣͬеӡҲһͣ
Ҫͣ£ǰٶȿ쵽ֻʣһķɽ˿һ֮˰УȻҵţȴôҲֻܹԹԵسΪޡ
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Ľؿҹ漴ʶʲôתͷ̨ϿȥѾµ̨Ǹӡ˼ľɫŮӣҹҪѰҵӡ
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Ķȴһζ
˵ʵʹҲöԷΪʵжǵǰѷɽʱ֣ϾǶԷĶ֡
һѷɽȷʵݺ磬Ϊһ˳֣ҲΪԼûκȡʤĻᡣ
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ҹʱҲھصȴţƺֻҪȡʱϢһƵġ
Ѹٵɢţһ˿֮ҲʱɽһҪӶȥ
ꡭ
ڷɽıؾ֮·ϣһ׵׵绡⣬ڷɽĽϡ
ɽѸٶȶȻͣһͷ·ȥڷ̷ܵˣȻԱߴڳ˭һ˦˸ͷƵġ
׵֮İǳ鴤һ¡
ûû𣿸ո֮ţ׵֮ţҪô򰡣
´ˣΪҹûмĬؾ˰ҹ


466 ʱ
ҪǰƵѷɽնϣ֪뷨
İΪԷɸомѷɽʦ죬Ƿ˿ǰƵҲ˵õɽֺ
漴İͷһ֮ǰҹǰѺڵɽ֮ײ˲ֹǧΡ
Ŀæŵȥֻƽ⻬ûа˵ĺۼ
˼ҵײ֮УѵȻһû˵ǲ˵
ס֣İͻȻЩţȵͬʱѾҪֹҹĶ
顭
ཻİȵķԼûֹҹԼš
ಡ
ҹһҹӰݺݵնǰѻ֮ķɽϡ
ٴཻ˵ǼĽ漴׵֮ɢڵɣ仯ֻǰѱԷɵĽΡ
ԭɽֻý˷ֻܷɶѣʶûУֲôҹѰѳ˻֮⣬ħԨʥħǰħԶԶ硣
ֻǰѷӡѽϵˣʵʮǿ⽣еٶҲȷ˾ʮѲ
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㾹նӵķɽİ˫ȭգֱȻѾŭ˼㡣
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İȻҲһ㣬ȶϵʱոս侲˲Ѿˡ
ɱİħһ㣬Ӻ͸ŭ𣬡ɱҹɱ츳壬ţ


467 ֱķ
Ӻ͸˶ˣһ̣Ѿһͬ֡
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Ҳģҹ뿪Ĳ֮ѷɽļл֮£Է϶ûлٳʲôɱС
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Ȼĺ۵ˣѾȥȨʲôʧһеһУ޷˵ضѷɽϡ

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ֻҪһʼҹֻǱܵĽ֮Уûκη̵Ļᡣ
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̫ˣļɲʲôĵطǻȥ˵İ磬͵ĻᶼǣѾҪɱˡǵǣİȴûбȫֻһ㹻ʮˡ
Ҳüչ֪Է˵ǶԵģҹɱȥ͸ˡİˣļֻɱһҹôƽϢŭ˳־ͰǸ˸ˡ
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飬ֻܵûзĹûֻһʱ̰棬츳֮ȻȥĵؽţǱӣĹӵƢ˭֪󲻵ѣֻзˡ
վֻùһʱ̾һ
ܱ̾ɱ֮ҪǿɣҲҡͷοļˣ޹أֻİҹ֮ѡ
λ̴𣿡ҹһͻȻزһ䣬Һû˵˰ν츳߰ɣ


468 ɳ
ΪǷҪ𣿡һ
ʵ˵ҹҲûʲôޣֻɱ֮ԷһҲľ棬ƫƫСӻҪӵӣʵǿɺ
ӣҿְҹնɱ¶ҪҲδطҪִκνǶȿҹ˿ɶ
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ҹһ£̧ͷ㿴úҵȷǲΪͬҲ˵ҸͲ㣬˵ǰ;ǳΪİ˵ĸԸҵߣܸܲνļƴһսҲһ𡣡
ԲӾͲӸмȥȻļԿӵһҲļһǿߣ
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ҹüǸŶԷԾԶĵط
Ǹ˸ǻֲһ磬˵
ûпĻģõ͸֧̫ûмƷҩĻ꣬Ȼһ֮Ѹٵ˥ϣ֪𣿡ʵ
ţҹһ
ȼ飬ֻʯͷ֪Ȼһķʽһ㡣
ҹͻȻ˵Żʱ򣬴Ⱥի˻ֻдȺի˲ŻЩָҩ
ɺһͿİǸһҲͰѴȺիˣѵǰˣǴȺիˣ
а취ҽ𣿡ҹش𣬵Ĭ϶Է˵ǶԵġ
ȻѾˣҲȻ޷
֮ԽһԭΪ˴˵ʵҲһ츳壬壬ĹǱҪӺһ˺ѷ츳壬Ϊ޹Ӱ޷ʣʺǴȺիĹ
˵ʲôҹʵ
ʵ⼸츳ߣõѡֻòָܻΪԸһպǰ;Ҳӣӡļֻлƿһ㣬ȻĻ˵ļ᲻׷ɱ㣬ѵҪʧ֮йһӣȰ
ҹԶԡ
ʧ仹˵Сȴûа취ٵȥˡ
֪㲻ңǼóָҩɺͼҲ࣬óģĿǰҵģҲֻҴȺիˡ˼Ȱ˵š
ļʹȺիʲôϵҹʵǴȺիļĸô㣬ߣ͸ļ壬ΪԼ𣿡
˿Цȷ֤һ֮ǰǸҲ˵ǰЩ츳ͳȥҲ޷סҴȺիҲļĸֻļͻȻ𣬴Ⱥի⣬ֻðԼеԴóҲ硣
˵ҹһԭڴȺիģֻΪȺիļˣͳļսƷ
ȺիǱܣǸ޷ļ忹⣬ҡͷһصɫ磬Զ֪Ǹǿǿ֮Ĳ࣬ļ֮ͻȻһǿ𣬲Żޱߵķ꣬ϧǣҴȺիƿô꣬ȴûҵô츳壬ûĹǱǧѼľʣȺիָܻʢҲ˸ļһµıǮ˵ʲôҲˣһ磬չ黹Ҫļ塣
һʲô˼ѵ绹кܶҹЩ⡣
Ȼкܶ࣬Զһ£֮ӵ׽Ҳкֻܶ࣬˵Щ׽磬ڿʼʱҲһ磬ֻǺҲ𽥲֪ʲôԲŻᱻָ䷢չֻһʱ䣬Żв鿴û츳˳֣ǧ֮УɳڵĴȺիûˣҲֻӵһѡ
ҹ˵ⲻܣת룬ڲ׷Щʱ򣺡˵ܱ֤ǹȥ֮󲻻ΣգЩΣգûа취ıġ
˵ĸŮ𣿡΢΢ͷǵòѣﶼ㹻ע⣬ע鷳ĸԴ޷㱣֤ʲôãҿ͵͵شȺիǱޣԲܵ˺֮⣬ˣҲΪΪǻҪļ塣
ô˵û취֤ǵİȫҹü˵òңܶһѣûȨѡҲֹߣ˵ǣκ˲ߵģҲǿ󣬷վֻܴһĽӦܹԤ֮УȻһһˡ
ðɣ֪ӦҹĵޣҲû취˲࣬ЩмԸߣһնûУʵϣʵҲܹŹ֣˿ǿԪСʵȴֲҺܻɣҲһ츳壬ԸĻҿԽҲ磬Աǡ
ҹһʱ侹ȻĶվһ嶯ˣǼᶨҡҡͷ԰ڸңҪȥҲԼȥ
ڣֻ翪һȥ֮󣬾ͻ̹رգʾܣʵҲˣҲԿռΪƣ˭һֻ۷壬㲻ȥֻǿߵá
ǿߵãҲߵĵҹȻЦһǸˣ۷壬ֻǱѹΪԴ̤ĵһҾͲ˵Ķ֣ǣʱԼˣ


469 ΪǱ
Ҳû뵽ҹ˽ҲЩȻңΪͬҴǣ
ֻͬȥ˵ǣΪûа취һҪһҪߣҲ֪ĸȷģҹȻԻȴʮּᶨҲߣ˵ģһǲȫ㣬ҸǶֵһ죬̤磬˵ĶǼٵģңǸ
һ꣬ΪҲֻ۷壬ʱȻҵĶ֡Щεؽţ㲻õƭ㣬ļǿҪ츳ʱǲİЩˣ츳ĺҲϣκãǻָȺի
Ѿھѡ㣬Ż̸ô࣬ҹĿص˵ҸԼһûжŵԼ˵ȥĵĳ̶ȣûа취ΪȴͬһֻۣʵûнֻǱֵѣǵʵﱻѹˣֻҪֱ֮۵ʵǻָʱһ
벻һڶͨ͸һ̫Сˡ˾ȵı˿ûڡ
һûȥ磬ΪǲŸոˣȻʵ̣ʵ̫˾ˡ
ҹĿ⣬ȴ˿ûΪ޶ͣңΪƭңκһ˳⣬һѪϴȺիļκǣҲѪϴļ塣
ȻһֱԷڿЦɵôЩЦڶ֪ȰЩ츳ȥ磬ǲһˣ˵Ļģȷ޷ǲ¡
ȻжϣҹЦһµ飬ǵȻõģѪϴļ壬Ҳǵȼ۵Ľ
ǺܺǵĹϵ˵úӵҲˣˣ˵ҲҪ𣿡˵һЩ
㵱ȻףҹתͷԶ˵ֻ츳˵壬˵ǣûʲôˣԣǧƴɣǳ£ƴ˵һµ顣
ؿ˶ԷһۣȻ󣬵ƺѾ̫ĶЩĥ͵ɬͬʱҲ˱쳣ᶨᶨ˸о£
һƴһ£ȥܵˣĵ˵̫ôˣ
ְѽȥǰԾ̨ϡ
ҹ˸һۣתͷ˸ǣһ仰Ҳû˵
ҹ磬ʲôߣ̲סʵ
ҪĻȴǸͷС㿴ͷȾͲĪСҲһ塣
浱ҲʰǲɣҲһӵĻ𣬸İ統һʹû絽켶СѾͷˣԽԽŲɱǣѾˣҲһ츳壡
Ųţٸвһ䣬ҾҲز磡ҹŭ
ҹұѹʵҲȻ㣬ҵǰˣ磬ţףΪקȥ˵ϼ䣬ΪԼжˣҲǰ档ҲǺ˵Ļɫҹ
ܺãţҹŶԷһȥҸұ֤ĵһ϶㣡
㡭һʱԷ壬һ
Ȼ֮ǰҹһǷɽȴһеİĺԷóʱֶȷûа취֤ҹʱ򣬻᲻汳
֣ҸҹѾ˵ãȲҪ֣Ϊӵĸǰİ֮ҲǿһҪٴһǱû㣬һҪķӣҾվǱߡ
㡭ֱһʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
˵վ߶ǿǼƣ˵׼ҹǱ߶ȥˣôöʲô¶
ҪӸҹϻɱˣӴ츳磬ֱ߲Ӱ彻ļ壬ͷļ飬ֱ˵ָİͬھˡ
⻰ôţ̫ŵܸҹ֣¶浰ˡ
һʱ˵ˣ˲Ż˸ЦݣŸĪСȥżҸոѾҹ͹ֻҪԸ磬İļ϶صǣﲢ˲ļ֮û˿Զ츳ΪǿԷġ
˭˵ҪˣҺòײż壬ȻҪŴˣҲŲȥʲôءĪСֱ˦Ťһ߶ȥˡ
ȫǱץģȻѡǿ϶ߡҲ˵
ϵ˵ʵǸŻ磬ȷǵ˽ģΪǶȥǻȥ֮޷ļȻŹǡ
̫ˣףǸͷһ̣ɱС㣬ߣĪС˸
뷢ŭκθղҹ͸˵ľ棬ֻҧҧʻȥˡ
ǵȻûйϵûУİѶûа취϶鵽ҹҹһۣСʵϣҼ֮κһŶҪǿ󣬵ҲҪɳʱ䣬ڵĲԵֵļıļ嵽ʱǾڲˣһԶ׼ȫΪҹҲΪԼǲܿһ£һ£ȥæһأ
ҹ磬˵ĶģҲԥ
ʵϣҲ֪ҹȽȷģļ϶öԸɱİȻٲ鷳ĿǰǵʵܲǶ֡
ǿܣȫһ棬ļһָͷܰ˶ֲڵ
ٶ죬㣡ҹ
ߡֹȻûٶ죬ֻǺһû졣
ΪҲ֪Բû취ҹ˵ǲߣǾһ߻׽ļƴһơ
ߣǿѡ뿪ҹΪʵϣɱİֻҹһˣ޹أҲļҲע⵽ʱһ
ǿ׳һɨ˸һۣתȥʣǸأ
Ҳзգļ巢Ǹƭ֣ļİһİ׳գֻ߳һЩ벻ҹҲ޷жϵʱôʱһ֮ɱֻŬΪǱ𡣡


470 ҪӲϹ
ֿҹ˵Ļǰ׳նôѡ
һԼ޹ص飬⣬ȴ׳һ˲ȷõֻҹһƸȷŵ
οӵĳŵˣҸǱ𡣱õĳ𰡣˶ˣٻ
ɵҹ⻰֮ȴһ£óһۣһ֣Щ
ðֺʣͻȻƺҪĽҪʵĻǲ˰츳ظ
ΪԼǿŰ仰˻ȥﻹڲס²ţʱӿ϶ǳŽģȻҲô򵥵ⶼס
ȷˣҲ˿Ҫʱɳҹˣӵ츳壬ҲˣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬δжôֲĳɾͣ˭Ҳ޷Ʋ⣬ʱһļ壬Ͳκһ˵ȻֻһֿԣҲֻиߣֿԲʵֵĻᡣ
Ҫȥңҹԥ㻹иҪչˣĸ׵Ը
û£ںǿѾˣֺֻҰţһνӣˣƴ飬㲻ʲôοΪҹƴ
˺ֶһۣһҪģ߳࣬īߺڣڹ꣬˳ϲҲ
Щ̤۷ǿߣÿһƺֲҪķΪƫִµĸԣɾηʵ
壬ô죿ĪСʵ
㡭㻹ǻصߣСħŮȥɡҹ
ҲŲȥЩСƨʲôģҪҸһɣ֮ǰܼܲ޸㰡ɵöҸģҸ˵ˣǲִСĪС
ҹһͷˮû˵ҪȢ㰡οڶʧˡ
ΪʧˣҲŰŰĪСдʵǶûػôϲ㣬֮ǰȢһ»
ӸֶһۣλҲƴ¶ûҪĸ
ˡ̫ˣʲô̥
һҹ粻𣿡ĪС
һ²ᡣĪСŶԷ
ʲôüͷʮֲ⡣
̫Ӷ߳ĩգӵʱ򡭡ĪСŸĶӣƺԷĻˡ
ðɣھһȥ磬ΪֻǶã㻹֪ôѡ
ҹĪС󵼡
ҹ磬ѵ˽һ׽磬ı£ܿһ鷳˵Ǹ׹ĳɲСȥܷ𣿡͵ǻһȥҲиӦ
СҵŮΪЩѾҪȥˣгˣǸƨļ壬һĲĪСӵ˭㣬Ҫô࣬ô⣬ôͼİ취ܾ
ȥôʹûʲô߼취ģ㵹˵˵İ취߼Ķ
Ȼ߼ˣӲҡꡢֲȭĸаٷ֮ʮʡ
ҹֱӾͲȥˣǿʼ֣ʵΪѾܸı䡣
һԾ֮䵽˸̨ϣһۣתС᣺ô
ȥֻҵָҩܼ򵥵˵磬㲻µģˣһΪ㱨𡣡
ҹһЦ¶Էͷת⣺ҿɲ԰
ţһ
֮ǰҹÿˣԼɵʱȴıˡ
ȥɣҹ޷ָļ䣬վߣ㻹ǻо£޷㰲ȫĸо˵Ǽܿµ顣
һ£þԼŬҪǰסҹ֣վǲǿԼ嶼ڷ
Ҫ£Ѿʶңǻʶ㣬ҹ֣ص˵ţ񵱳ǣһ˭һͷһϣһָ䣬ǰе飬Լصߵһ졣
ş̌ͷǰİףȴǱһ
ҿ𣿡ҹٴתͷȴٻ
һߵģٻ׶Է˼ɵԷ˵仰ʱѹȻ˺ö࣬һΣҲκ˺ȻɺС㻹һ𣿡
ҼȻ㣬ѾһΣ̤һǸǰԽԽԶԽԽ٣Ը㣬ҹһµֻһΡ
֪һϧһΡٻЦţҲо۾Щʪ󣬼æͷתһߡ
ҹ˿Щ˶Ѿһлˡ
һ֪ôƺ㣿ҹʵ
Ⱥիʱܶ˶ҽţһ죬㵽磬ȥʥңźȻߣҹһ˵ڣÿֻܿһΣļҪҲһ֮󣬶Ҫ;Ļֻȥһԣֻշǳͨ˿ԴԽģ֪ģΨһһͨڡ
ҹͷʾѾ֪ˡ
λţҲ֪סʲôûпļ˲ʣҲԼֻͣǸѣӲˣ˵ҲӵΨһһİ취ʱţҲʲô취飬һôŲҽɣ
ֵһ׳ǡһְҹˣ˭֪Ȼôһ飬Ҫҹţôʲô¶
ʱִˣŴȥúܳĬ
ͻȻĪСعͷ壬ҪŬȥңҪ̫ţٶ̫죬ʱ㣬ҪӲϹɾɲˣ
ҹѾͷûʲô˵ġ
ҹ磬ҸСħŮ˵һҲ˵
ۡ㲻ҲҪӲϹɣҲ㣡ҹһڣȭͷ˭̳ģ
һЦҵȻûʱҹ˵㣬ȫ¶ΪУڣŲһļѣѲǸǶ㣬ʱֵһȫΪУ˭Ǿ
ãҼأʱ䲻̫ҹǷ˵
ֻͷһ£վû˵ʲô
ٻ⣬ԷعͷЩۣ㣬Ҫء
İɣûɱңҹЦ
һġ
ҹͷҪ˵ˣ˵ˣԼûƭһ¡
˶һЦ֮ûѣΪ֪ĳЩ˵ѸûãĽһġ
һ֮䣬ڸ˼˵ΣٿʱѾǿһˡ
ҹΪûɱ𣿡


471 ȺܣҲ
⼸ˣҹ˸һ£ǴЩϷʵѾˡ
ҹתѾΧ
ôʹŸոߣǾѾҪ𣿡ҹЩЦ˵ѵˣոλʹǣðҶֻ֣Ҫȥ˵һ仰綼Ҫᣡ
ʹ˵ģֻɱİ飬ȴû˵ɱ㣬ֽթЦʹҪЩѰæȻҵЩ˵ɱ㣬ڣѾ߹ˣԶô֪
ǰ˶Ϲ𣿡ҹָЩɢ޵
ǺǣΪǻ˵ΪԼһָ֣֮ЦѾһİҲںһκһ˵ǻЩһΪνս񣬶Լ𣿡
ԭ㻹ǵս񰡣ҹЦаɱʹҲûаɱңȻΪǻ̸Щ
ҳԼʹΪߣΪܵƣʱǸ˵ʵ޼û취ɱ㣬ƾˣ㹻ˡ˵Ѿ¶˾ġ
ҼǵԹһΣҹǲ⣬Ŀ⻺ɨһǺúõվ˵ʵ̫а
ϴӵˣ㻹лӵ֣Ҳżŭ˵
ңǼûйӷɽ֮£ѵľҹòƴȤ˵
һݣǻûС
ҹѷɽ֮£նİʵǱɱĴҲǼصġ
ҪϻλɽһΣѵΪƾҹĸԣ᲻ȥҸλ𣿡ֿҶæ˵ڲɱѵȹʱһɱȥΧɱûʤĻ˭Ķ֣
ѾҪӣֱӳҹǿҲˡ
ҲǻȻ̰ѷҹͷˣΪҹгرӣ¾ϴεôˣ䵽ʱھǸЩҲҪ¡
λҪˣҲòѸλڵңѾ֮ǰȫͬǵʵѾҵĶ֡ҹ˵š
𣿡ЦţҪԹ֪٣˶࣬ΪѹƵ磬˶ƣһ㣬ʹҲȲϣɽȻҲֻΪС㣬֮ǰҲ̫⣬һΣҲ᷸ͬĴ󡣡
ҹĬһ£⻹һ޴֮֮ţʱͬյ˵ɥҲҪжǿս
ðɣȻҪȫֵ棬ٱҴһΣҹȻ̤ǰһϵĺԶ죬Ҿͳȫǣ
ѪʲôС١ϴǰºòãֻǽôʤһƵģ
˵˰ҹ£ûд¶˵ĶҲʣҲȥ磬˷Ƕˡ
ԭҹһսŰ
ǰҲΪеţ㿴һûз¶ȷģ
԰ɣǱһΣôҸҹа壿
ȻҹʤˣˣҹҲǼ˵ıƣµ£λźҹսȦһۣҪʼʩһıˡ
Ѫһǿİһ۾˵Ҫıˣ
ãβ໰ֱӾͰҹʤŵ¶ʵˣɱҹǵҲҲ
һսҹսԷʩıϧĴ˵
˶⣬ǺǶҷϣһսҲҪ
ˣ
һ׵ԶѸٱƽ
˻عͷȥֻ޶ɽһߴ󣬵ܾ޴Ӱ񱼶
Ϊ̫ܵ죬ΣЩһ޴ڷع
ҹ磬ȵңʯͷһԾڵϣֱҳһΧĻҳ
ʯͷǴĶҹʯͷǺգҳһ䣬ʱ˻Цʵ
Сƭң˵ɭֳ֣ɵ˻ȥ㣬Ҿ͡ʯͷҲû˵Ϳʼʾ˭ô˵ҹһ˵ģʯͷҲһȺܣӲ£
⻰˵ûͷûβҹȴˡ
ѾҪŻʱ򣬵޶ɽһ֪Լһȥ׶༪٣ûдŻȥҲ֪ʯͷӣԲһȥ취ʯͷ֧Լһܵɽ
ã˵һԸǵ˼άҲںܶʱһµġҹƴɱİʱ˵ģƴ˵ʲôʹ飬˵Ҳһġ
ҹûлʱѾزˣǱֻΪҹһ·ߡԼҲֻ˵ֻ꣬кܾúܾúòãǶ޹ؽҪģҪǣҪΪҹ
˭˵ֻһˣ޳ţĽ켶֣һ޳ٵؼԱѾ޶ɽ¾ۼֻҪҶһë޳ŸѪսף
һݣʱĽٲǸƿĽϷ˷츲صı仯
˴ǰȴЩļͺѪرǰЩӣһת΢ִֺͰԵ·ȥ⡭ҹߵýģûһ˵Ļɫ
λѾ޷ճҹˣɱҲɱɱҲɱ֮һս£֮գ˵
ȻҲǲԸģƴ˵ľ棬Ҳȷûбѡ
Ҫɱģ²ֻҹһХʱɫЩΡ
Ҳ˼ɱҹȻҪ޳ŻƴȻֻҪ޳˻رĽͺ켶֮࣬ҹ˵صպԻѽ鶼ȥ֮ᷢһϵзӦǾͲ˵ˣľ档
ôҲ˵޳ŵҲҪɱУǰĽһɴͷ߶Ҫɱ⣡
Ѷе󣬶Ľ죬¶ƺǺܲð졣
λɢޣҹΪһ֮˽ߣնɱʹΪڱҪɱ˴ˣܱı޳ΪλɢŵӺ޳ŽסվǴҵ֣֮ͻȻ޶ɽڶɢ޺


472 ΨһĻ
ͬʱɢѾӿ֣ŵӣһס޳ŵȥ·
һԽԽɢޣ뵽赲޳ŵ֮Уһ仯ȫĽ֮⡣
ȻֵĻãҹĴ˵Ȼ񣬿һ漰Լ˭ҲںҹʲôսֻҪš
Ľһʱң֪Լʱ˵ʲôҲûãΪҲһ䣬ɱҹҲûõĻͣ֡
Щֻ֪ҹɱİȻѣֻ˵ҹҲɱпӵ֮֡ʱȻǴÿֲƽ飬Ҳ϶ƴȥ
ಡ
˦һ֧׳ɽµ޳ŷźš
ɽֻ˶ѣȻĽҲвκɵĵҲǸ֣ǲ٣ټЩɢޣֻƾԶԶֵܵġ
źųգûüţѾһĹâҲûа취ͻƳȥת˲ͳ
סǼˣʯͷҲһַԸţҵҪҹôһʤŵġ
ǺǣۿʯͷҲ˲סҹȴûлţõ޶ţܰԶ٣˵ôûʣĻһоġ
ԶΣϴʤΪʤߣܻҵһɿԹûʣ㣬עֻܳΪһţʮ֮󣬱㲻˼֣غߵ˿Լʲô֡
ϧԸҪˣԶٵĻᶼûУҹҡͷ̾
Ƕ£ĳǰοƣҹȴ֪Ľ֣Ȼͬ
Ǻǣ㻹ָɽЩ޳ŵʵ˵ɲЩˣֻǲ㴦һЩЦ֮Уһ֮⣬ҲҲһֵܸˣΣ죬Ҳ֪Թⲻְգ
ô춯֣ûлˡҹŶԷ糣˵
һɣΪĲĳڵǶֵ˲һɱ
Ƭ֮˶ҡͷȷ̤ŽĲӣһҹ
һΣǾǸƨԪˣֱǿԪ֮ҹϡµĻᶼʡε
¸֣֪ɷʸ񣿡
Ʈһ֪Ǹ֡
ҹҡͷ̾һų̯֣ҾҪץʱ䣬ԶٵĻᶼûˡ
ֵͷ𣬲֪ðĸ֣ҵȷԴ󣬾ȻǴӶ·ġ
ѵҹ¶֮µһµѣ
ԲۣһﵽʲôûҲˣⶼС
ŶڴһӰվ֮ͷĴһ£п磬ô
ʯҲ֪λǶûм̫Ȼ˿գҲƷζζ
̾һ֮ҹЦһûɣ
ҹҲЦЦʱҵǺ֣ôô죿
˵Ҫȥ׼һ£ûиʮҲˣڼҹֻһѣ϶ûлˡ
ħԨӡ󿪣˵϶Ҫ׼׵һЩŻֻߵüЩԸɵϣõӴѶŻţ͵ؽЩʣȻβˣҺûûߴλãҲ֪Ҫʲôʱܹ
ҹһգ˼ûߴߴˣֱ˼ʮ֮ȥ
Ҳѹ֣Ǹֹ뱸ҹȴƾһѵֻ֣µˣһ㣬Ͳһܰ쵽ġ
ˣҹûи˵һתͷֻصϣǻлԶһ£Ǻǣܻ֮⣬ںһȰǾְɣǻʱ򡣡
⻰óֵ˽µĵ˲ĶԷǻʲôС
ҪԶ٣ֻ²ô׵飬ĳҲո֣·ವԾһӰλûվѾҹ˱ȭ
ӡħԨǶҹͶء˲֪ħԨ˵жҪЩǧǰڷӡ֮µˣͻƷӡߣħߵĴ˵ˣȴͲðҹһš
ȻսĦ棬֤ǸνĴ˵ҲǸıѣȻţƵĦħͷµľ֣ɵħķӡ˵ҹħĴߣҲǸǼ
ӭ֮ҹǸϲֵˣڸоֵҲûʲôõģڿɫһӵɫʱѾˣԶһţǿԶٵģǲٵȵȿ
ֵѾˣҲһ뷨ҹڵµʱ򣬵˶ٵСѵ۷壿
ԣǺȻʶʲôħԨǴ˵зӡħħͷĵطǾҹ᲻ٻ⣬Ǽǵ˭˵һħԨǴҶΪҹҲزˡ
ҹĴҲԼϷƵĸô뵽ʲô¡
ħˣָ֣ųԪˣתҹʵ֪ڸħΪ飿
ǧǰħһɵҪĶҲ֮죬Ϳڿ˵ʲôˣЩ̫ЩαĶˣħΣǰøͻأʱ˻ڷ֣Ϊһظںħ𣿡
ıҹû֣ʲôֻǿһ˵һܺЦ飬һжôʣҸһˣͿԸʣˣҷһǱȽϲΪʱа̵ʱڣɱ
ɫ䣬ɵĵӣҲɫ䡣ռƵľ棬֮ͱתˡĴ仯̫죬򶼲ˡ
ȻҲһһסʣµһԸңƺеᣬͿǵܲʤλˡҹĵذԷ⡣
ֵǰҲһһ˲סһ˵ûʲôѹȻǴϾãȲҹǸ̬ҪԸһ۷壬Ӧûʲôġ
ҹԾȻܻǳԷҲӦò⡣
ӴˣֿУްҹź̯֣ΨһĻᱻ˷ˣ


473 ʿ
ҹأ·ֽԾ˼Ӱ
ಡ
δϡ
ಡ
ĸŮ
ಡ
λڵĳҲһԾ϶¡
¡ôǸ£Դҹȥ֮Ǹ۱һȥһܰγһһ
ת֮䣬۷ƽܳһѵڡ
˿Ѿҹȥ˵ʲô˼վŵĺѹѹһƬѾ˵ʲôѹˡ
Զ٣һԣ
ɵĵڶһ£ȻǶǸɵߣ⵽ֻһ䣬޶֮⣬еĸֶ
ٿ˼Ǳߵݣ۷壬ڣһɫĸ֮еĸ֡
۷в˭ˣصȵùһŸҹ
㡭֪ǶħˣХҲ֪ʱԼ˵ʲôԵô԰ȥֻбҹЩ˸³ˣҹǽΪҲֻΪԱӦԺ󲻶ɽбǱҲûҪԸ㡣
㲻˵ЩЩЦ𣿡ҹӶ±ȥָħΪұų֣ǺǣΪʲôұΪɱҲɣڿ˵ħħȴΪҰǣԸͷվΪҶսǣôѵҪɱңҸʹʹɱˣҲӦøνħһǴŻǳɣ
ХһʱҲЩʵǶ֪ҹصһˣûʲôνĬϵĹء
ҹĸֻԼ뷨ûǵǸһϵûУһɵĵģ˵ߵˣһɣɰһҲһƨ
޶żӳϣȺΪݲĽһСѾͷҲһŭɱ޶ţǶ֣Ҳ˿ʾ
һˣںʲôħ𣿲ôһ֮󣬺ȻҹǸصصħˣħħ
һգһزõĻ𻨡
һȴ޳ŵˣһνźŷ
𡭡
ĺɽ´Ǽٵؼ֣ͬһʱ̳ŭ¡
һ˲ɽɢȥЩΪֱӵ֦ͷ޶ɽ֮Ʋ㷭ѣǱɽһȺҪŵˡ
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ҷ׷׳ҹȥҹĽꡣ
Ľ֮ǰĲСǴ˿̼ҹ˹ȴЩ¶Цݣ磬޶ɽ£޳ٵؼʿ˭ҪΪУʿսһˣҲһ
ҹһЦ˴Ĵ̶ָ£û뵽Ѿֵز˲𣡡
ۼٵؼѾ˲ܽһ飬η˲
ҹôһ䣬ĽɫǸ˼ֺĿһתڰΧǵɵϣɢɢ˰ɣʱ⣬ֻҪǶİؿƿӴ飬ˣҲЩɢ޵鷳ɣҵҪжվųȥ
ɢһ㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼ˸Ŀӣ˳ȥ
ǸҹҲûʲôڣֻΪɵĹĶŻһʱѪҪո֡
ڷˣѱٸȥɾǿɾ̫ɵˡ
ɵĵӣ˿϶ĨһͿƵˢˢףǿû취ɢ˵߾ߣ޳Ҳû˵߰
޳ź󣬽žͳƵĽŲһ֪Щ˶ȫɽϱУٶ֮죬֮󣬶Ϊ֮𶯡
𶯣ɽ΢΢زš
þʿ̲סһ
ֻٵؼȻôĶŮ˲𣡡ԪҲĽͶȥĿ⡣
λ˫޵£ʵ
Ҫ˵ֻѶѡҹæ֡
ǾͺãһﻹŮҹء
ʱǰնɱĺûᣬûгЩ˼Ŀһ˵ĻɶǸζѣһ;֮βɱҲܻͽ⣬´ĻᣬɾͲˡ
֪ҹͷĴָһҹлһء
Ľ꣬ô˵㶼еһԱѵڵĵӣһ𣿡ХͻȻתĽ꣬ýڿķʽ˵š
ڵĵӶһϣ˵Ľ굽ҲڵˣҲһֱڵĴϣƾЩ֣ڵˣӦòһĴɣ
޶ɽ΢𶯻ڳţ·ٵؼѸٵĳɽ
ڴǰĵؼû˻ȥ⣬ȴһʿĽ꾫ʿܾܿйҹڵ
Ļһ˵ķһ¾еĳҲС
ΪͣЩΪӵһ̶ȵʱرΪʼӵʱʵֲ̫һЩ
ڸ˵֮ͬ𣿡Ľ걾ɫѾָһȴȻָһ㺮˪һ飬һֱûʣҲһֱû˵ǰΪϵˣԭΪж£ɺȴ˹֪ôеĹƣ
ХɫҲͻȻѿȻʲôû˵
ҸΪڴϣѰ֮Ҫ¹ƣʵ죬ģָĽŶԷɫɨЩЩãڵӣոжģҺС֮⣬ֻΪˣҪ˵Щʲô𣿡
ХȻüĽ꣬㾹ȻǻҪŵĴ𣿲Һķ˴Ϊˣ±ҲӦ飬ֻ֮ŮĲ¼ɣֲҪڣ벻Ȼǰ˵ıСˣӺϣҸ£ΪԸһ֪·СѾͷҲһ֮𣿡
Ȼ˵ĽЩԳЦЦϵɫȴӱ˼֣ʵϵ길ж֮ұʮֵƣ˴мӺеһУʳסУֲãûСκ˲֣ΨһһӴˣ֮󣬸׵ĶѹΪȴʼϵˣôͣ
ߣǴҪɱǶ˵ʲôôֱɱˣХͻȻЩŭһ˦ӣ㲻С¹ƣѵڵΪѰҩʱеĹƣݣֺ˵ôࣿ
磬״ûжκ˵ڵеĶĽĿǰҹǳ֪ģ


474 Ư
ХһʱȫûһŮȴǸʵĽ꣬ȻһôĿӡ
ոմһ͵һֽһ
ѭţڶѾûˡ
޻˵𣿡Ľʵ
ȻѾ˵ֵزҼٽͻкã󲻹ɱ˰ˣ˵棡ХƺЩŭȴ޴ɷӡ
ԩĽ˿ΪǶŶԷ˵֮ǰΪˣȴû֪Ϊ˶֪Ѿ۷岻٣ΪϣΪȫˣѵŲΪѵĺˣΪȴ֪޷һԽһıκĹƣڣˣʲôĵ飬һĴŪˣǽڵĵӣĽֽǻΣ
ڵĵ۾һȻĽ˵ֻֻҪ˽Ǳסˡ
Żŵӣ޲ǸǿߣʵԽǿԽŴǰ;˱ԽϧԼ˭ҲԸ֣֮ɥĵط
еϣڿХɫ֮󣬶ʱǱһˮú¯һͷŶð̡
ˣ˵һ˵棬ȴ֮˭վ˭˵ʸ񣬡ҹҹѾγʣǰһָҸᣬǿһңҰˡ
⻰ʱýŵɶֿϣҲ쳤˲ӣ˭Ҳû뵽ҹô׵ĳŵҪˮ
ҹȷǺǿǻûǿһ˶Ը۷ĳ̶Ȱɣ
Ұˣҹһ£һϣ
ۡ
ɵĵӶһѪ²ؼɢޣǲûЦðѳӸ
ˮˣ˼ҾҪԼǿʲô̶ȶѡ
һսΪûлٿˣǿһãҪֳˣ
ҹʵǿ֮⣬ƤҲǷǿ˿ûйһϰֱöˣһϣҪǳŪͶˣ
ҲǱŪҲ֪ҹȻ˵Ǿģûʲô͵أΨһĻᣬҲڸһսϡ
һ֮佫ء
ͷÿ˵ͷתһ飬Ҳֻתһѣ˼ӵһҲûΪҹᱻɱ
һȻȴԼĶȡ
֮ǰɱ޶ţ㹻Գֵвȴ˿Ϊ⣬㹻Ŀǵҿֵʱ򣬱һʱѡܡ
ҹ߸ûпӵ⣬ֻϣӮ̲ŻȥԣϣûеģֱӾԹ
ھȻսˣ֤һȻĿʤֵģ
뷨𾪣ȴû˸ȥ׻
ʵҹһжű
˶ɻʱҹˡ
ĽŲأȥʱɽǱѹȥһƵġ
ɽڱѹȥȻֻһִʵֻһ΢𶯡
һ̧֮䣬Ȼһɽ𶯣Ҳͬ𾪡
ڶʱ𶯾Ȼ֮ǰҪ󣬸һЩоٶ۵ɢ޶Ѿˡ
žǵĲ
ҹһţÿһȥ𶯵ķȶţȻӿܲܶ˶û˻ɣһֱôȥĻ˵ʮ󣬶ʮλҲٸս
Ƶۻ̧֮䣬ܰһ۷һ
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޳ʿɽʱ𶯣ϵŶԷĽ࣬ٵ֮䣬𶯲ϵؼӾȥ
˵˵ܽô΢Ķ͵Լƣһ
ɱֺҧ⣬ѪʹĸоȻһ
˶һΪǸոնҹ֮УȥƺҪ֮СˣǾǽɱҹ
ˣ˵ҲûţԼšҪûֱӾͱˣǾˣպҲûʲôˡ
û˷ǸոյĴͣھԲٵȣȥ·һ
˲ѣһ֮ƽĶϣʱȻǷƱɫ
ϳõĿ磬ͻȻ֮ҵشÿ˵նۡ
ʱҹĽŲͻȻͣסˣĿҲƿǱĽϣɫҲ΢΢
ֵ˲֪ʲôȴȻʶһûᣬģѵĺûᣡ
ͬһʱ䣬˵ԪѾӿʱԼѹ׾жóֻһӶѹӵ׷ùˡ
㾡ȫһҹҲȻ
ս֮зʮʧ󣬼ǶҹҲһ
ʧҪѾĻŭŵصţҹḶʲôˡ
ҹأ׹һ˲䣬ԥؽһţͻȻһᵹžǸŵʯһµµɿسȥ
ȥ
ҹһп˴һܶ˶һĸо
ոƶţӢۣ˭ļƣһתأôҩˮˣ͸ҿ
ʱҹȴȻûй˼ɣ֪һ˲ﵹ˶ٻءֶƾ֪ˣҲȥ⡣
ȻԲ˼ٶȹţ·߶ǾƺõģĻΣͳĳȥˡ
Ϊٶ̫죬Ѿҹı飬ܶһȦĹӰǱĵطӲʯ棬Щǵĵطһƽ
ҹһ·ֻٶ̫죬ߵĻ̫죬˶ȥĹ켣ѾĿꡣ
ոȻҲ˷·ЩԪǴҹȴòûдһ㣬Щ֮ʯͷһøɸɾġ
ڴĹǱҹϤû˵
һ¹У˵ҹܵ൱Ưôʮʧ뿴ԾһɣشƯܡ
֣˵һҪ˲ܣҪƺЩ̫ϿˣҲýʽ
һ磬һƬƣ񴩻ĺյ࣬ǿǱ£˵һᾪ̾á
ʲôƯƯҲֵ䰡
ڴʱҹͻȻˣλûȫ¶ȴǰĽ


475 Ǹ
ҹĽһң⻭ȴϰϵ
ϹŵΣֽŴ޳ŵ켶֡
Щ˵Ϊߣûдҹġ𾪳ѾŹˡ
ˢ
һɫڹɳڹһԲ䵶ɳĽǶȺͷʽ޳ܡ޳ܵķʽһ֣ܿóĿһˡ
ȻڸոĽ˵ǰԶû˳ȥɢͻȻһʶҲɲûеǳױ仯ǵڹѾǵǰ
顭
ڹһûûκηĻᣬһ⼸˾ȻǱ
ħͷִȵŹκΰҹĻᣬǸ˶ԾΪҪ˼޹ɢޣ
ֲħԨħһԭ㱾Ҳħ֮ǰ˹ƣҲѲ˹ϵĳɱ㣬ΪѵɵӺɢޱ𣡡ХҲɫȻͻȻάĴ
Լͬʦֵܶ¹Ƶˣûʸ˵ֻҹĵػӦһ䣬мȥʲôǲ˿Աڸıˣɢɽܱסһĸɱۣһϣ˵
Բۡ
ҹոһСƯѾ𾪣𾪵Ķֻһ¶ѣո˵õһôͻȻˡһϡأ
Ȼһ˵ú棬ɻСϷ˵õĹأСһҪˣôҶҲĸо
Ҳֻ룬벻Ͳģ˵İ죬ҹһȥƴ
һǸͽǸӹǣƴĻһ˶Ķ֣ˣ͸ˡ
ҹľתû뵽ǣڶɢ޶ҪϿɽȥʡﱻ¾ĶʱȴðɢޣûӣԼͬسҹķһĻеϣʲôʱɢޱôη޾壬ȻҪҲҪһⲻ԰ͨ޵Ҳûк޵ϸԷһĳ̶ȣοǰˣӳϻҹ˹ڿɢ޳ΪҲǵؼʱȴȻѡĽ껹⼸ѸٺˡӾ٣ϱطǳӣȴôЩͷԣǲЩɢ޷ʲô񾭣ҹָŷʲô񾭣Щɢʲôµģһ̣ҹʲôˣȳˣܵɵΧ£ҹм䣬ͻȻһȫѪⱬﱾװһʱըͻȻ֮䱬һ
ѪҺõһƬɵӶѪ֮С
ȻЩδһɱΪߣҲȥѪ
Ҫ֪ʲôʱȴûԼߵױԼҲ
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Ŀֲĳ棬Ǵһߵķ磬һһţ֮ͨͨǿֲס
磡ĽѲǵǸɬ֪µĶŮɿ棬ȴȻЩս
Ҫҹ˿ֱۣԼûվ
£
ҹûж໰һ˦ĽһƬƲʰ㱻ҹ׷Զȥ
ԼȻǸֲȦӳȥһ̣ƺ˼ֶսŵս緶

ҹһһϸ˿콵һ㣬ЩױÿֲȺͨͨΧȦ档
ԼͬһԾȦ档
ҹ֮ոĶÿһµľһӰӣ
ҪһݣֻһƬÿһһƬ˸ŵ¡
ҹ˿Ļһɱ˿ħƺҪһлŵˣȫɱһ˿֪ƣɱš
˵ʵʱ䣬ںܶ˻ûзӦʱҹսѾ쵽˽ʱ
顭
ֻʣ󼸸ʱҹԷѾԼ塣
֮УСɳҴڣƴĴȥ
ֻǱҹµһȦԪȴһ㣬Сɳĸȥᱻ
ҹһӣţϡ
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ҲѸٵţת˲֮ѾСɳƳ

ⶫĿֲǶҹûаøеɵӣҲϣҹʧ֣ҹƫƫʧˣ
һʲôʱ³һΣ
ۿСɳҪɢȥҧˣҹѸٵһţ׵֮֮䣬̵ĵ绡תš
Сɳʲôǣһ־У޼£ܿ׵лһƺ̳
лӹһ٣վҹԶһӣŶԷһҾ
ض񣬡ҹ۾Ҳһ˿̣ҹһǸ
䱧Ǹ˵ʱѾʲôı鲻ر
ŬŴͣҪҹȣֻҹеΣͬʱжԷзİҹ
ٵͷʱǰѾһѪѪţǰѸٵתɫǸոֿ¿ֲ޷ԳֵĸоҲӾһʧˡ
ٴŬ죬Ҳ֪ǲʣҪٶҹ˵һлֻȴû˵óڣȥ
ҹƥ͸˵֮ûж¡
ۡ
ᴩ֮һء
ҹûͣ٣֮̽䣬˶ץĻ֮󣬲ͣ
ոյĿֲƺѾлĻˣҹϵȴûоʹɢֻ̧ͷЩոһĻ𾪣ûüɢȥɢȥ
ҹɫ˶żЩŵɢǣһɫ
ǲֺǱһĿֲӣҲͬ뱻ҹɱǳʲôԭǶ
ҹĿǿһ֮漴ƿĳңԶɽķ
ѾµˣҲµ϶øǿһǹȻԱ˴˶㹻˽⡣Ҳ֪ĸطºͶЩŵƮ
֪ôģŸոһֲɱ¾Ҳøӿɲ
Ҫˣʲôҹʵ
Ǹڵȣų׵ߵǸո˿ֲϢѾ˸ˡ
ȻһֿµĴڣ˭ҪصĴۡ
ⲻˣֻҪ˳Ҳ㣬֮УֻҺȻҲֻΪУ治ϣǵĹϵǵжԣֻ֪ҪҼȥѾ֧Ųסˡ


476 Լս
ºͣ˵ŵʵȴһºͣһʱɱ㣬㲻ң̫ˣҪչ˵̫࣬˼ʣµмԲںģɱɢޣﶼΣ㣬ôΪУԣĳټȥѡ񡣡
Լ˵̫ߣɱڳÿһˣѾҪҺˣҹûһҿĿֻǶԶĳɽķ򣬡Ȱ㣬Ұһֻצӡ
˵ͻȻһ٣ָӦʲô
ҹǱ㷢ˣѾˣŽţȻҳǿ󣬵ֻǿҲ㣬Ҳȥһʱ˭ҲסңҲС
ϣһĽ𣬺һ޴ţΪ鿴öˣǿɢŹյĹŵˣȥ
޴ĹֻѾССĹ㣬һԾ֮󣬾ѾʧˣʣµֻһƬհ׵Ŀռ䡣
ȥˣͻȻ˾
ҵƤ鴤һ£ħ⡣
ԷͻȻֵˣʵҲǿû˵ұҹ˼޷Ĺ졣
ɵһ֮ȫʧɲħеʲôģȫʵʵֶΡ
Էôģһ⡣˵֮⣬ɱҹҲʵ࣬Ҳ۷壬ֻʵǿһЩ
Ǵû˵۷ܰƾߵı¡
ĿģҹʱֻǷ治֪ץʲôãԸҵĻƺ̫
ɵĵǴ󺹣Ǹովһѣۼҹ˵ԼǷʱ򣬻ֱĸо
ץǲԸ㣬Ϊ˵öԣԸĻԶԶҲòϣҲǵļֵֵ֪ģƺûд뿪˹˵ţ˵ֻҺֱڣȻϣܸı⣬ȴ֪ԸôıģֻԼķʽٳһ·ˡ
㿪·Ҳܣϣ㲻ҪʲôұΪеҹ
̾㵽ڻ𣿵ѡ񲻸ҺʱǾѾעΪˣ
𣿡ҹʵ
㻹ûвǵȷˣʱžҪܿ㣬ҲȻҪ׷ɱң˵ƺѾʲôҹɱɵ飬ʲôˣҲұȻţһЩı䣬Ǳ˴˶á
ǿºѣҹҡͷֱڣҶûзԼʲôҪıĶ
ȷѣҲ֪ѣʱ⻽ҳǲܵĻǺǣͻȻЦֻԼһ֮󣬵оһˡ
ҹûٻӦĿҲһյķ˻ƺѾˡ
ʲôˣ֮󣬳ǰʵֶΣԲǵ֮벻ﾹȻ
ҲΪ֣Ȼǿɵ˶˵ץץΪʲôƤ£ûһͳ磬֮Ԫֵ
ҲǸո𣬼֮ǰΪ磬ڣҹ˵ϵٴθֳҲ͸жǿʵƾŸոյֶΣӦûҸǿҲ²⣬ⲻԴʵһͨʲôطĻȫ
ȻѾСҲ׼̣ҲҪħ㣬ǵһϰ
Ǹ˵Ŀδؾ磬Ŀǰ˵϶ҲҪȻҲֻ֪Ҫʲô˵ʲôõļֵҹüͷ
±ûʲôͷޱ߼ʵȥ룬Ŀ뵽𰸣ҹҲܿͷˡ
ֻ֣ΪʲôҪһ֮ԼҪսʱԳ֣αԼʱ䣬ȴǿЩʲô˵϶ĳĿģ˵ڵûаսʤʵٹһ£϶ҲԼսһºʮа˾һʲôֽš
֪ôѵǰȥ˵ǸȣòƾĴ֮أóȻȥǲǵġҲǽüͷԼսȴѵص㶨ڵȻҪռıˣΪ֮⣬˭ҲԵȵĵϤ
ҹӻ֣ǵĸֲ²⣺˵ȷǸܶԸĽɫ˵Ļ˭Ҳ²͸м漸ּ٣˵һ֮Լսһֻ᲻սҲһһ֮ڣ᲻͵Ϯ߸¶Ǹ֪֮СһЩɣ϶Ƕߵˣ˵ֶԸǡ
ǱҲߵˣ鵭̬ȻҵħԨˣǣ
ĿΧһɨǰһҪЩɵˣӦδҪʾ
Щ𣿡ҹҲתͷȥ
˿޳ŵʿѾǶ޶ɽɽڶסЩɢȻҲвٵĸ֣ȴûһӲ
лŵĻᣬҪĻǾʹǻ
ʱҹתͷ˸ո۵ݣһľսҹһ£˵һɱǽɾڽˡ
ǿɶǺ˰Ը޳ţҼŰɣһӱңӱֵֵܡ
Ҫţ
ҲҪţǰɣ
һʱɢһ룬ûйֻǶԴ˵ϾȲҪ
ǲҪǼŲɣҹЩˣȴҡҡͷɢ޵˶ɽȥɣܸոûվ޳źҶ׷ǵ⣬˭ŵģٵ޳ȥҲ֤ȥ˶ܼȥЩֻų͸λų
ôһ˵ɢ޶ʱΪġԷ˵Ŀ˭ߣ˭˾ͳ˼װҪˣһֱӱô죿
ȥҲǴҶһɽȥȥģ˭ҲܲˡôҹİǸˡ
ɢ˿õʵ۴һӵɽˡ
תͷɵӵʱЩϵĺ鶼ЩſҲӲûɢһġ
ҶйڣҹЩ˵ЩȴûʲôڣܲɱͲɱɣ


477 ӿ
ҹ˵гʱЩɵӶŵ˼㣬ֱ˵һ޹أܲɱͲɱŷ
ͨһ˵ϣȻǸոһֱҴ˿̲ŷһŮ۵ؿ˳ﰵŲɱ˵̫ôˣ
Ƿɱɵģȴûоʹ˽ҹһ⡣
̾˴ҵĹ㷺עΪ漰˿϶Ҫɱһˡ
Ҫ빲ģǾͳȫǰɣҹתͷЩһۣҲɱҲʲôϺˣɸ֮ĹڣҲ㵽Щ˵ͷϣ˵ģȻ
Цҹ˵˳ɹģ˭˵
ħ޶ɱúܵҹɱҲ٣ɱҲǶ򲻵ѵ¡浽һ仰ʱҹ²ôݶ˼
ҹһ仰Ȼ׺ݣʵȴǰ˶ˣΪ˶ɵҪɱȥ
֮ɵĵҲ½ɽ޶ɽﻹŵĳϡ
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û˭ŸҹƴжǸͲýҲסȥǿɲоԼλͷ
޶޳ӹܣţǵԼˣԼҪôɣҹλħǰԼֻҪǲЩ߰ħ޹ɱˣЩɣҲȥ档
лλħǴϲ
ĵ̿ǲС˵ģžͱǵħҪˣοԸҷ֣ôˡ
޳ռµ޶ţǸͲҪˣ޳ŵĺ̨ҹȻû˵λŮųҹҲ֪޳ŸҹûҪ޶ɽĻǾǸҹŸˡ
״ֻ÷ӿˡ
ħԨӡƿħߴħԨʼʿ̣Դޡ
ĿǰΪֹƺɢ޲û̫ų⣬ҲûΪĳЩ˲ħޣͶɱ¾ǿȶԷħ
һֻǴǰţȻңǳңһ춼Ҫ˵ĸоʵɢܵĲȴǺСġ
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޶žͲ˵ˣŻһ죬Ѿ޶ɽӴ˾Ͷ޴ɱɢޡ
ҲЩҪ޳ţĽҲҪٰ޳ŵʵ󣬵ҹȴֹ
޶ȻûˣǸ޶ŵĶԹȴԶԶûнھͷ޶ŵĵţǸһıţ಻ȶء
ĽȻǻҹģЩҪŵˣ֪ʱˣĻԵ֮
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ΪǰҹĹأŹ֮ħҲûдɱˣǾܵЩŵֻҪʻԣԸħŵģԽ
Ȼ󲿷ֵĵ֪Լᱻɱ֮󣬶ѡ뿪ҲΪħڵӡ
پʣ²źˣŵûȥռǵɽţֻͬҲֵħڸƣε˾͸ˣΪ˫ʵͲһ̨ϡ
ħڹϷɵԴپǽڵӵᣬȻǵķʽҲȽϺƽȰ˵յΪɵĵӹ鵽Լ£Щӣѡħڵκһš
Ȼ֮ǰһӶѡɽߣħڵʵһεõ˲䡣
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һЩеɢȴ֣ȻħֵúףҲܿ죬û˿ͣپͰɸˣǽӹ֮羹ȻûֵѪɺӣ췭ظ⵹ˡ
ħڰ֮Ҳûɢȡʲôһ֮ǰһ㣬ӪԼĶħԵø󷽣һЩרõĵطҲųɢʹá
һɢЩлЩħˣֶ֮ǰĸлɣħڣҲδؾǴ˵еĴ֮ڡ

磬޳һſ𣿡Ľԥҹ
ıţȻôԣҹȻ˵ָԼħҲϣһǿıţ֮⣬ħһޱȱʱҲ֪ʲô״ôһ죬һǿģ㹻ſɢ޽Կɲμӵıţͳ֮
ʵǱŻţŶѣֻŵıԱ⣬Ա߽ǿԽ޳ԼĺԱһ˾žӢӵķʽķ棬Աŵķʽǲʧʵֲʧɰٴ׺͡
ţְ취ܲҿͰİ취ɣҹĽ궣ħĿǰҹϵңȻҲڵʱһҪСģЩ˱ɵй֮޲֮УħڵĳԻҪɿһЩʲô̫Ҫ⣬Ԯ
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ٵ˼ǣҲҪʱ̽ǲǿԷģ̾˼
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ôֲɣ˵Ҳ֪ٸųĹϵҪҶĻҪڵ޳ţòһ¡
ǵȻһ£ҹûҪǣһ춼òˣһ̽ǲˣһһ¶棬֮ǰĳϢԤףǾͲˡ
ѵǲῼպٻôٽɫȻʵ
Ҫи൱׵ģ̾˿ɱǸʹԷһ˸ɽ𣿵ʱħֻҪҸɣͲԼͿ԰ˣռ޶ŵĵֻ̣Ҫ˵޶ɱֳɵɰ
ǡô˵˰ǲԹƴҲ˵ͻƾͻƵġ
Ǿȥɣͻ޳ֻһ۷壬Ҳһȫһʱ仹߲ˣҪץʱ䣬źãҹʮɽ󣬻вٵǰЩҲռһ룬ʵУʱ˭˵


478 
ǿһʱ䣬ҲҪʲô飬ȫľ棬λȫĽⷬҲоһĪѹ
ǵȷҪӽʱʱ䣬ҪЩ˶ЩĶɾӪǧ꣬˵ͿˣҲСЩɵӶЩŵĹУҹǿ˵һЩŵĵҵ˻ᣬǻ᲻ϧһдҲҪԼɽš
ô˵治Ǿô뿪һġ
ȷҪİ취ûУҹһۣ΢΢ҡͷٺųֺĵˡ
ܼ򵥣ŵʱûл֮ʱ򣬰ÿɵ˶ɱ⣬ӳϵӣһȻ֪᲻ỹ©֮㣬ٲǶʱڷˡ
ҹĸԣǶ˽⣬ɱô࿴޹ĵӡ
˵ЩûõĶˣǼӽȥĶòȥţֻҪЩŵù˾Ϳˣҹӻ֣ʾЩ˲ҪνۣǷҲûʲô˵ģܰǴɽɱȥɱһΣΣȻÿζˣΪô𣿵ȵ˶֪ǲҪǶô޴飬ȻͲ޳ŵ鷳ˡ
ĬȻҹ˵̫򵥣ǹУôñҲܵʧġ
ȻҲҹʵйأô򵥾ˣˣȥˣأɱȻûٸ
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ǴͬʱҲƵţϾÿ˶һѵܴɱķ
ҪΪںŵʧʵϣǽ޳ţȥҲԣǾʵս̫ˣᣬ޳ɳҹ˵Ĺ֮У⣬ûУԺֻḶصĴۣ޳ʼնһֻŻƤĿռӣһӲ̵ʱʮа˾ǺȻĽ
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ٷģһ޳׳ͺǵһ̬
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֪Ҫҹ˵ʶȤض߿ˡ
ʲô𣿡ҹͣʵ
ҸҴǸĽҧҧ촽˵˵ħԨʱʯͷҪߣǡʵӦðġ
˵ˣЩҲܹ⣬ҹĿʮƽܴ޶ɽϳֵģƴվСǱߣѾܸмˣ֮⣬ʵҪΪĶ
ȹ׵ܹǸŮĴΪҲӦõģֻǡĽ껹ǲصͷȥҪ뿪ʱǶðΪ˸ɽ񡭡
ǲʲô⣬ҹ˵СҪߵʱûסһ
˵ţٴתˡ
硭Ľ۾죬оҹľڷԶš
֮ǰѾԶˣֻڸղŲŷֶѡ
ҹһжϷľϷԲ㣬С顣Ҳ֪ʲôط߹ҹǰ
վ֮ҹһҾҲСոսĸ̶ʱͱһԲŷʯͷ뿪Ի͸޶֮ĳͻ
ֻ˵òûдҹǺƽݣʺϲ޳Ÿ޶֮飬㲻֣޳ţҲ޶ŵĶֻ֣һʯٵĽѣС֪ûбŻߡ
ҵʱӦȥ
Ҫǵıҹ˶ԷһۣȻûκα飬ϣʱ㻹Ǻú룬ôڵ޳ȶ˸̻ȥɣûˣҲѾɣ޳ſ˵ҵģȻӦˡ
ҹȥΣ˭Ҳû
ǲǶǺʧĽıЩʧ䣬ܸоһߵĻҲˣҲҡ
ʧǶΪңҲţҹûڴΪƴսҪֻһ̬ȣֻϧҵ̬ʧˣûз޳ţҲΪ޶ɽΪҹŻ޶ɽ¸޳ţûһڵĻڵ磬Ѿȫħڵˡ
ҪôأĽʵһǸо޳׳󣬾һΰˣǸ˵ģֻΪ֮ǰ޶ɽսԭҸôȥأ
˳ȻɣҡͷҹڻĲܲʣгһգ޳ѣǻܵģڣֻһһΪĴǵЩԶҲŪڵĽ
ҪǲЩԶľҪֻǵ飬ĽȴʲôƵģøʧ䣬ƺǶԼʧٴԶˣѣȻԮ֣飬ȴǲҹΣǶҪȥӦ飬ǿôǡ
˵꣬ĽҲȥ
Ҫȥ̲סʡ
ȥ飡ĽŲ˿ͣˡ
Ѿͷǳˣ쿴ŮҲЩοƵ̾һ䣬˵öԣҹҪֺ޳Ǹ飬֮ѾͷٴһЩվ޳ŵڸã˵ĻᶼС
˵ֳ̾һΪԼ̲סڼеϵ⼸ÿ˵ıܡ

ҹ磬ȥĶʯͷҹһ·ϣ̲סʵ
תתɣǸ˵ʲôһ֮Լսһ治ᰲصһ£ħʰɵĲо֣ʱҲ󲻻ûЩ꣬ǾͲˡҹ
ŶǵǣôôߵĻǰɣʯͷʵ
ţǵȻѾԸ޳ŵģһ̾ʹϢңħǱߣҲǴкʣµʱ䣬ҲֻתתˣҹĵܴʯͷĽô
ͦõİҺС㶼ܺãǸϵͲˣŻУ̫ˣʯͷ
ҲôģҹЦ˵ôҲûдվҪһǿħڣڿ޳ʵģֻ֪ǻ᲻ıʲôףǺˣ


479 Ҿ
һҹʯͷѾԾһŮӵǰ档
Ůӵ󣬸δ󺺣мһԹȥŮ
ҪȥĶҹʵС죬ɱ˵ŮصȰɣ
С쿴˭ʱɫɵô䣬ܿԭ磬ǰζעҪֶˡ
ԼʵҹʱˣеĻᶼûУ̾ʾ󺺰Ůӷˡ
С죬˭ƾʵ롭һ󺺲޵
ֻǲ˵꣬ҹ̧һڹ⣬˶Էڡ
ҪԼʲô仯ʱؿһͷĻᶼѾûˡ
ʯͷһˡҹָһ˵
֣ѾþöûˣʯͷٺЦţǸδȥ
ǰ̾Ͱ˷ˣһһȻʯͷȴҹԷ֮ܰɱˡ
ȻʯͷôĽͣȭһųԷȥ˸ոһʯͷѾն
ټص壬һ޴ɳ㣬ӿ
ǱδҲڱƳȭͳʯͷȥ
顭
⼸ȭ൱ؽʵʯͷ嶼һ£ȴûаʯͷͷϵĲҽ
ںһʱʯͷ˵ȭͷú
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ʯͷȻض๥٣ҲӦ˵أӦǰöֵ࣬١
С첻͵ۿһҹķӦȴԷһæ˼ûУǶЦ⡣
ǲףʯͷһڵӣԼ󺺣ȴǸڵĸ֡
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Ȼͳŵ·ˣͷ˼ȭоԼȫɢ˼һʯͷǶһûнг
żһҲΪԷͣôĸúڰĦʱӼʦ־̫Сһ
ĽͨһڵϣҲóȭʯͷǰһԾ𣬾޴ɳȥ󺺳鴤£ɹر
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ֻ֪ôңҪɱ𣿡С쾯ؿŶԷֻҪŻһµĻҾûҪˡ
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ûõģҹС۾һ˿ĮǶԼĮһӶѾ׸ʲôҾͻȥʲôֻҪģҶԥβɱңһǰһֱ֮󣬲Żͣ֡
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Ҳκ飬ɱҲòκϢСǿ
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˵ҲֻɱΥԼʲôģ˵Ҳûʲôѹҹô˵ţȴܳء
еΥԼȷû˿ѹǶС䣬ӦȴҪԻԼȷҹΪѡ
ʱҹյħڵĴѶŻħڡʥħҲȺѶҪһжƵġ
Ȼ󣬵ħڵɽҲرԶҹħڡ
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ЦħڵˣЩ˵ħԨ֮УӼŮҲʲôֵ飬˭ҲܻԷǻûдľ顣
ҹҲſЦˣ㵹ԵģħħԨȷǳһ˵ʲôΪû˻¶ҲֻʿŻʱעزҪմֳҲѹһΪħڵڵҡ
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ѵϴ޶ɽϸΪе󣿡ǲ²
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ˣˣɽµɢ˵ħǵŮһȺҪɱɽţִ³ʣǸӦԣһӴҴææ˵
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ǶԵĻǴģҲҪһΪԼڻС
ħڸͲмȥͣٲЩɢ޾Ҫɱˣǲ£ҹ˵޹ɱɢޣŻѰ
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ҹǼ˸ϵʱħڵĵӣΪƻɽһ·׷ŵɢޡ
ס֣ȺһħڿӣɢΪУλѾ׷ɽǰϾʹ˰֣ǲ̫ˣ
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һ·׷ɱҲΪŭ̫ʢʵѹֲȥ˴ͷ£ƴˡ
ħǵŮãɱǣҲһҪһ˵Ҫˣǵ˽Ǿ͸Ѫսף˸߾űŭ
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ҪǸҶҽһͷƴҲҪǲƽ
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ħڵӣͨ϶ȰЩ˴ſ˵ǴʱҲֻǰĿҹתȥ
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ҹܲڶԷϴŲʶңҾҹħڵڶûгɱˣǧΪҲҶ֣Ϊħڿһֱֲɱǡ
ҪɱɱбǶɱ⣬֪ҹħڵҲ鷢ף˺޺޵˵
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仰δ˵꣬ҹһӰ۵һ˺֮УԷɴ۾ʼղҹȻĸʱɱ
˵ǧҪΪҲңЩҲҲЩȴûҲҵġҹ֣֮ǣŰҹصУ˭Ҫԣ
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㲻ʶһɢޣֲɵĵӣôѾﵽɱţԼģҹһҸϢʱ䣬ûãȥΪǵɣҲɱ㣬ѾˣǸʶʣҲֱɱΪҲҲͬðɣʱʼ
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죬ϢôˣҲ̫˰ɣ
Թ鱧Թӿһ°˲ٵŮɿɢһħڶԿ˵ֻҪͲǹˡ
°ЩŮҪʲôҹʵ
飬Ĳ֪˿ɥ
ʲôô캦飿ҹʡ
ôѵɾ飬㹻ĺôô̾˿³֮͸ÿʮŮպɣҲлΪ
ƾ㣿ҹҡҡͷһڣ˼Ǵ󰡡
㵽ôģΪΪ˵۷Ҳǵһʹı
϶ûи㣬һֶΣҵﶼʲôܡҹ˵꣬һ˽˵
𣿡ҹЩʶѹѹƵʵ
ô֪ǲϷ˴ŵɻ˵
ϷҹˣΪʲôҪϷΪɱɽΪħڵɱǣ
ɱһܰɢ޶ɱ𣿡ǹִҲҰɢɱ⣬οǸոûнħڡ
˱°ߣ鼤һЩҲҪǼΪħںɢޣ˵ɲҰµɢɱ⣬ʹˣҹҡͷЩЩˣȻҲϣԵɵʵҪµɢ޶⣬Ҳʲô⣬ֻǲô˶ɢ֮󣬺ܶûȥǲǲңֻǲԸ𡣡
Ļڳɢ޶һ໥֮䣬˲š
ʼţƴҲҹȻŭȻᱻȺ֮ʱҲǸɵڡ
Ϊˮۣ࣬ǣֵܸۣǲΪ˵ûôӴ۸ˣһɿԸصҹŶԷÿһ仰ÿһ˵Ķ磬ǵһ۷֮Ĳֱ֮࣬ݣ˵ģǾۼһɢޣʮɢޣɽŵĻڴƲˣʲôˮۣ
ǣΪСԼ۸͸ţ׽ñ°ˣҲӦһԵسͷڹꣿŭʵ
֪ǶѪԣ˭ǵŮǵĽã¾֪УԷƴһҲϧһսҺǣҹüëҪ˭ǵĵˣҸ˵ɢ޲ŵĶ֣Ҫɱ練ƣΪʲôһֱ֣Ǵɽ׷ɱ˵ɽ𣿡
Ϊʲôʵ
Ȼ֪Լ˵Щò˵ħ֮Եڶûжɢɱֻ֣ΪңǸһӶѣ㿴ѾɽѪĳˣҹŶԷʲôʱ˱ʵɽǰ޶ħڣȻΪ°ӼŮӣǰٰͣ򲻻𣿡
Ҳ֪òҹģҲоԼǱˡ


481 ıеı
ħɱǵˣ֪֪°ǵˣ±׷ħޣ°˵ʱ򣬾Ѿɱˡ
ŲţӦ֪û˭ɱģɵĵӣϣʹЩħڵҲһҸߴңŮʧٵ飬ħ޹أҪѰƣǲãֻðвٿһеˣЩʧٵˣҲڵǵȥֻҪһ˿ϣһǳǲţͼɡ
ΪϵɽǰͼƵģԼķɣøӡҹ˵һ仰ת뿪ˡ
ϵɢǣ֮Ҳֻʧǵ뿪ˡ
ǻȫҹĻǺԣһЩҹ˵ǶԵģƾʮˣ嵽ɽħڿ⣬Ǳ
ԷܲɱǣѾĳ̶ֳ˵ˡ
ҹǾ仰ţǼµĻͻʶħڶԸİ취ǿܺѪȣǲħڵ뷨δֵϺˡ
лԽĻһǲ֪ôˡȥ֮ҹлһ顣
Ӧ˵лңΪңǿԼķʽˣҵһ仰˲ٵίҹҲЩεЦ
˵ЦˣħȻȷϲֱӶ֣£ǳ磬Ҳȷʺϸֵ̫ԺҲҪﳤڷչΪħڣʲôţάһЩҲװɣǶĻȻһʱ嶯ɱ˵ĻֳҲЦ
ֻǲ֪Ǹ󵽵Ҫʲôҵʲô̶ȣҹҲ˼š
ҲֻһҪĿģҪȷҪץЩŮȥ˼һ˵ȻħڲЩҲ֪вٵķţǿͨɲ֮ﵽԼ׵ġ
ѵҪַͨʽֱ磿ǲ֪ҪٵŮӡҹǿҵš
ˣȻںʲôķʽ̾˿ƾĶۣħ֪ôַʽͻƵߵľ磬ҲвȥԣϾջ󣬲ֵͨܵġ
ҹɫƵԷ̾ڨڨؽֻͣϴȷѣڵħڣ˸ôʵ˵гһ뿪磬ħֵõַô϶ȥԣκ˶ֹˡ
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֮ǰȺիʱ˵ֻͨڵȲУǡǡסڵпҵǸͨҪһпԼʵڵ֮иԱ
ǲ绹ȥʥħںͻħڿɣǵòΧҲһҶЩɢ޶֣ôȥչ鲻ǰ취谭ħڵչ˵
ҹͷͳһħڶȥ
˭ģ˵Ҿɱ㣬ǧΪҲ֣ǵ֮ͬУѾĸҵҹŰҹ˵Ĳϣͬ˵һһ
˵˺棬ҹֶΣȻʮģһָҶɢħڷѵġ
ҹŶԷָķȥֻ˻ҹʲôתȾܡ
ֻϧʥħǰܵҲԵʥħ̫ˡ
Ԫ֪ʱҲ֣նһ˶ʱزһ¶ûоѾ
˵ǻɢ¸޳йصҥԣû޳Ÿ£ҹʵ
޳ŵĸҪȹ࣬ұ涼ɢޣԲ̫ħھͲһǲŸոյֶ֪ħ׾ġ˼æš
ܺãȻ㶼Ѿȫ˵ŻصҲ·һͬۼѵ˵ȥЩһ򾡣ҾͰߣҹЦЦĻҷŹ㣬Ҳ߲ȥ
˿˿һԻɢǣǳױˣҴȥһҪһţֻһʱϣҪﵽŻӦǵҪ󡣡
ҹڣȻҲڻ£ʥħɳһЩ֣Щʥħ£Ѿıɢǣһ˵ĵط׷ȥ
һ飬鵽һʮ˵ѵ㡣Ȼ󣬵ɢȴҵ˳ԵԼӵһ㣬ȥԷս
κζԷЩ˶ǾǿһǻߣȴԶԶǶ֡
ǸҹĻˣħûɱǣǺɢޣʵϣҪħڵ֣ҪԶԶǰЩˡ
ô֪ģʥħĸ֣һжսȴǰȺ쵰仨ˮ֪Щʥħڵжˡ
ЩҪôãԪսûǰҹѯʵ
˵ɣҹЩɢޡ
ɱǣܶ˶ҧųݡ
ƾԼһ㣬ҹæܹ黹лġ
ȺУһЩйߵļɡҹԸ
ķԸԪǺһЦתͷǺȵһͺã
һ⻰ʥħڵĵӶʱſֽţɢҲ֪ոյʱЩħڵӣԼʵһСĴ̫ˣǵҹˣڲĿʼˡ
Щҽ֮ڶҲʶħײеһ棬֮ǰɢ޵̬ȣǿ̫ˣ˲š
λѾɱˣħڣ޳ţҸˣβܣϣһ仰ǧҪԼͼ󱨳ܶԸġҹɢ޳Ⱥ֮ٴ˵
֪Ϊɢ޳ͷǸʲôǵˣѵһֱʲôôȥ˼е
ôҹʵ
֪ȻǴһȥɱɢ޼ߵ
ΪȻôһѵ
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ǴˣҹٴüͷħڵʵѾˣʵϣʵԶԶħڻҪǿħڵɽŶȥȥˣǲǱֻ
ңͻȻЩɣһбһıҹһ


482 
ҹͻȻ֣֮ǰΪֻǵɢ޺ħڳìܣ޳ҲìܣӶиĻң뷨Щ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ħڲôöԸģԶԷӦûΪĲ֮£ı׵صóˡ
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ҹɢˣȫӿ˵ȥ󱨳ǻʲô
ҹȻ²ԷҪЩʲôȴԼãǶԷĿġ
ֵʮּʱҲûҪЩɢȥ󱨳ҹ˵ǼΪġ
ȫվһĽɫϣԸ߸ϵĽǶȣЩɢȥ󱨳𣬾ǶԷƬҲȻ飬˰һ
һս֮ҹ˿ɼŻɢޣս
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磬ոյϢԭɵĺܶӣͻȻŵȷȥˣܿЩ۵Ҫʲô
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ǵδأҶڵʵҪɱҿ»ҹ
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Ŷ㲻µĶ㲻Ѿ̹𣿡ҹȤʵ
ϴȥȻʹҲΪˣ֮£øӽС΢֮һź飬쳤̾ǲΪһΣⱲӶᰲġ
ĵģҹʡ
ȻѵϷ˵ÿ仰㶼Ѿ𣿡Ц
ȻˣǾ͸ˣ治ҪΪȥĵĻǲҽ뿪ʱ򣬰ҿħڣ磬ҹ˵ҲЩǣЩħҴģȻʮˣǷеּȴΪҶ֪֮Ҳڵʱ򣬻ʲôˣԸ¹صģڣϾΨһѡˡ
⡭˼˵ҪҳΪػ񣿡쾪ȵǲҲ̫ϷˣҪ֪Ҳһͣٻ೤ʱ䶼֪οҵʵֶ磬ҪѹħڣƴҲ
Ҳ̫ģٶʱڻ⣬ǵʱѹƲסˣҲû˻ȥ㣬ҹԴҲΣֻǲ磬ΪҲű߰ģʱ㾡ˣҲҾˣİɡ
ðɣһᾡά޳ŵǿ˱ŵˣܲħڵЮơ׶Է˼ɫصص˵ͷ
Ѿ˲ˡҹ޵
ôڿԼƵ˵
ǺǣҲΪ˵Ʒʵ̫ˣԼòϡҹ˵仰ѾƮȻԶȥˡ
治Σ𣿡Ľ굣ĵص
İɣһʹܰôǸȥ찲ο
ոո˵ģ׼ȥ𣿡Ľʡ
Ȼ̾˿Ҹո˵ҲģҲȥڸħڵǿŵĻ޳Ҳֻʧ˭кõĽҹħҲ̫֣ڼʮӦûġ
šĽͷҲ֪ʲôʱ뿪
ЩΪѵŮҹǸӣݲ㣬㻹١
ڲ뿼ЩĽޱ飬ѶԷĻϣȴţҪŬΪ۷壬гһգҲ̤磬ǸǶõ飡
û˵ʲôȴҲ֪ȰҲûˡ

λµȻ֪ǶԻǴ֣վһ޴Ľ֮ⷨǰһ˵
Ϊ鱾ûжԴ˵ȴҲҹûȻƽ磬ҲȻ޿ɱĴڣХƽ٣ȡ֮Ũҵĺ⣬ֻҪһ컹ǾͲؽţûŵľ޴Ҫ磬Ҳûʲôϣ
ĺԼʦֶµ֣ڴǰǵûпҲХΪЩмʱҶһϣҲûȥ೰˵öԣǲҹǽĸҲٵǻٳҲûκˡ
λûУǸǵˣĿʲô˻ɵ˵԰һ磬⻰мֿţ
мֿţڻţ޶ɽϣֻ˭ûˣνȻڻţҪ취ȳҹǸ⣬δظһģǿԿ϶ҹҲһֻѾˣĿǰ˵ǵĿһµġ
ǣɵĵӽ뷨֮Уʲôλ֪֣ٴʵ
Իࡢ˵˶ǳĬȻҲûд𰸡
ԴգɵˣȻûƿֻоһ֣Ҳǽ޳ȡķԪ
ȻⲿַҲ൱ĵһ֣ܴܲգҪٵܴգҲ֪
Ǹ֪˽˷Ԫ᲻ʲô⡣ҲûȥԪֻҹһ
ҹڵǻģһǹ̥ο
ͱ˵ħԨû֮󣬷ȴǰǧΪħԨһѵأҪҲȥĻٷ֮ʮŵžŵĿ϶ˡ
һƬأվȴһûиоΣգХΧһۣⲢΪб仯Ǹ㹻ֶΣԵ˽⵽̶ֳȵĻ֪ԴͨҲһǼٵġ


483 Ļǲģ
ôأ֣ʵ
ģһЩΣХһλҲװ۵ӵӣŵʦ֪һЩӣܴͨĻ֪жˣ
˶һۣȴҲܷĻ
ʱŵѾ½˵ȣλǰ
λõӽ뷨ɣϣòʱλԥ˰ɣХʵ
⼸Ҳڶһ֮󣬷׷׵ͷ
ŵѾҹħռݣǱҪӳ飬ʱҲһֱоһȥһָľ޴󣬡ѾµˣǰĴͷֻҪλ̤Уܱ̾͵Уû۷ƣΪֹȥȵǵʵڸǿ֮ʱٻҹĻ֮𣬸λûУ
ŵҲɵˣ̾˵ǰķһʱǼԸӡ
ⷨ޴һĵӣ۷κҪ򶨣ɾźУڽ֮󣬱ɸԵдХֲһ㡣
֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ܵ磿һӼʵ
ʱ䲻̫Ҳ̡̫ХģػشֻҪرģȻᵽġ
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ŵһһ룬˭Ҳ뷨֮󣬻ʲôԼ֮Уƺ˾ϸȥʱַʧˡ
˶΢΢ҡͷѾԸˣȥ֮ʲô״ҪЩҪҲҪţȥиӰ
ǼװŵС磬׼ȥ֮󣬵ڴظпһЩСһ̤뵽Ľ֮С
ذ׼ǫ̃ʸӽ̾˳ȫ֮⣬
벻Ϊ˴ﵽĿģԹĵҲŹҹأǱߵӽ뷨Ѿֻʣ󼸸֪֪ǽȥ֮󣬻ʲô
ҹɵ飬Ҫ죬Х˿жαװ£ñָӺȻˣͱߣ㲻ҪһսڸһĻᡣ
ҹûԷƣǽ˵Ԫֻһ֣Ϊȱ󲿷ϣԪֻƵһн뵽˵Ԫ֮ͨҲᱻա
Ȼ֪һԵӵ磬ҶǳԸ⡣
ҹЦǷԪã˵ŷԪգ̫ˣҲòǼûнȥĵӣķԪ󣬿ª˷ָķԪȫ߱ϣЩӵ֮ƻЩıԴҪϵ;ܽȥ԰ɡ
һں˵֣˵ɫұ仯
֮ǰĵ⣬õӽ뷨󣬱һΣյ飬ܴͨҲ˼ֵˣͨûд򿪣ǲǵͬڼɱ
Ȼǣܾܲô׵ŶԷشľһˣǿǧ˰
ǲں˵ԼҲӦҹҡҡͷԸˣǾͼڴͨ򿪰ɣҲԼģ˵ģԼΪʲôҲǵͨ뿪
ɤӶһɬҹ˵ӦþǾǵˡ˳⣬˵ܴͨΪʲôԼţ
ѵ˵мڽ磿
ǸܣΪǧܽĶ츳壬бʹѡе˲ţû˭ģֻûлѡ
ЩӵʵǿһӶŲסһ֮ǾǵĵﱻƵʱˡҹƽ
ɿ˵ѾûˣӵеȴȻ٣ΪﻹŵӺͳϡ
һҹ˵ģһ֮ɾûˣûˣɹ¼ҹˣ
ҹǾڸҲûʲôԹɷ֪ôܰͣ£֣ͻȻʵ
֣ˣСһɺԣХŭϡ
Ϊܵõһȹ̵֮λλú޴۶֮ĵʦֶԼӺӣȻϡҹЦ
ΰѴͣ£֣ʡ
Ԫͣ£ֻде⣬ŻԶͣ£ҹԷڴѽƣȥͳͳᱻɽȥҪֻܽȥ
ȥ֣һ
ȥ棬Ǹ·һʱѱ̸ʲôƻ
ıҲ֮ⷨУ֮ǷҲ̫ˣֵ۾ﷺź⡣
ǲֻ̫ˣֻˣŸױƭҹЦҸ˷׷ǹʣǾ͵һӣĽ˭˭ǴôҶʮƷʯ
˵Ԫ˵ĵƣҲڷԪΪʲôĵûƣХûȥҹϷʣֻŶԷĻ
Ǻ˼ǲһֱ˵Ǹ̥𣿡ҹЦԭܼ򵥣ĵﱾǲȱģҾûʲôԴǵķԪա
ܣȱΪʲôԪ浱Сħطģͨһʼ޲ˣⲢħطԸ棬ȱҲҵ˶Է
ǺǣҸո˵Ǻ˼𣿡ҹԺ֮ǰǿ𣿶֮Ԫżĸˣܵ𣿡
Ԫ⻰ǸŻǲţ̥˵˵пܣΪǵ鱨ҹ֮ǰ켶ʱ򣬵ȷһûС
ǵ׶ĲģҹһתͷֿǼûн뷨ĵӣأǵ׽
ڻӣǵǼҲû˵ס
ȽȥĵӣǵƷˣҪҹ˵ٽȥǲȥ
ҹ˵ܲһ֣ȿڵ
㵱ɵҹָǸ󣬡ȻҽȥеѵΣգһ涯ЩֽţѷһٵҲҲǸˣ˵Ҹֲ졣
ҿԱ֤ŵʱ֣֣ŵһ٣ҲĻˣôƻ


484 ɶ
Ż˾ͻˣʲôϵҹʵһתֵԣŻҸø˲Ŷ԰ǲһֱһҲۿɻٵǺҰ
ҹΣХҲͲס
Ǻǣ˼ΪʲôҾҪ֣ҲǺûӣҹˣƤӣĿѾŷȥֻǷ˿̵ĹâǸǿʢ˼֡
ֻҪЩӣ˱֤Ҳҧ˵гһս磬ǵĶԹҪ͵ǹˡ
ðɣȻ㣬ʱҲˣȾЩ˵ҹָŶԷ˵סҿĿɲǵӣǲôǰ
˵ҹһ˷ĸǰĳλһ˾͵档
λʲôһԪԪ󳹵׻ٵХһԾ͵˷ıԵкˡ
Ҫʲô֣ȻɫڸıУ᳹׻ٵʱҹĵӣһ
ȻǸҪľһĽҲһԾ˷ǰ֮ǰҲ˵һЩӣܵõ൱ôʦҲǣлҹɱֵѾ㹻ˣѵλ𣿡
˶һݣеӵĶٵֻΪҹһˣֵòֵã
ΪؽɽǵĻòֵã
ֻҪҹһ죬ǾûпٽɣڰҹɱˣЩӶȥᣬ֮󻹿ĵӡ
˵֮Աֻ֮࣬ҪŵĵҲȱȽǡ
ҹĹ̥ȴʲôʱɱĻᣬһεĻᣬҲ֪ʲôʱ
ҹԺСģǾ͸׾ٵɱԷˡ
ɱ֣۾ҲŨҵɱ
󼸸ûнĵӣæʮɣԼողһҪĽţһ͵ڵϡ
ǰҹһɱ˵ħͷɶüɹڣЦǣɱħͷȻƴǣǸɵȴΪ˰ҹϧôĵӡ
һ⼸˵ǰġʱǵ죬űˣһ仰УȻ֮أ
ǽأǰǵնһ
߰ɣʣ⼸ˣ໥һۣĬĬ뿪ȡ
ͬţǴ˿ȴһġԭΪûɾͲˣڿıˡ
ǱҹλΪͨ죬ΰġ
ͬʱѾվλáԪһã޷ֹͣת
Ҫƻʹٵкܶ취ģǴǰûɹʱ򣬾оָĻ𣬶Դ˲İ
λ䣬ǿҹŪǶᰲĵģ̥ÿһϢʱ䣬֪ðٵĿХߴٵ
Ҳ⻰˵ģһԪŷԪӡȥ
ֻҪԪֱעλãתͻᱻƻӶ˲佫һлҹٹ̥Ҳ϶ˣʱһ˵ҹһָͷҲɱ˶Է
ţµٶһҲʱѾ׼ˡ
ƣָ˵
˰ۺԪ֮Сǰֻ̽Ŵⷨ˲䣬̳ˡ
޴ĳ˻϶Ҳܵ
ಡ
һӳĺӰХǰðһԪס
ţޣХһ£ûӦǴһСߣ
ͷִС絽˾ޣ˽еĽ֮⣬ޣɲХԾ
һļ϶С۵һں̣ӭֶ
ĶǺպĵȣǧǿصХĶҲ㡣
һ㣬ոո۵Ԫ޷ٰʱ뷨
˾ɵС۳ԪԪˡ
޺ңХȻҪԸոյһ¡
ɵ˶ʱСߺ޹شӵͷȵؿλȻò˵ôɰôṥأ
ȷޣֺߣȥ޺ֺܹĸоֵҲǡòȡߡˣ¾Χ£ҪȰСһץס˵
С߿⼸˶βһҡವˣٶ֮죬ܶȵļһﶼҪöࡣ
űСߵϷһѣһڵߣʱ̫ҹⷨˣԪ
ͬһХҪ˵ʱСһԾǰƤͷ۵һں̡
ХŭȴֲòǶɲʲôԪ˭֪ܲܵøɾյİ취Ƕ㿪á
ŶŭһΪǵԪһαˡ
ҷҪС߲ɣХҲŭ
αϣҲл𣬶ΪëÿϵĶ
˦һ׷ڿһһ֮£ֱС߰ȥ
Ҫ˵޻ޣµӦö֮ΪҪѣǹؿǼֱһ
׷գĹâ£СƺһȻԭضҶˣԹԱǵ׵ס
С߰óС淭úʹ࣬󣬾ǲҲҪѲƤˡ
Կʼ𣿡Ǳ߿С߲̫ŷǺܲͷʵ
С߿ܲǷԪҹ൱ģٲץҹ˿ɾͲռˡ
ܰҹŪǿҲˣû˵
ХҲһСߵӣ׵ţҲ˿׾ͱ׵סСޣǱĶ絽ӦҲûʲôµġ
ʼһԡȷ˵
棡֣ͻȻѵ
ţХƣѵʲôµ鷳Լˣ
һͷʱ򣬾Ϳͷһͷϣͷһͦ糤ìմȥм仹ðźζĺ̡
зӦХһʱֻղŻ׵ŵСߣ˿̰Ȼſڵϣͷ̧𡢵£̧ٵ£һСβͻͣشŵ棬ǱЦòԿء
ֻСһﲻܷЦֻŵĶſŵЦХ
ɶ񣡡Х·Сߵϣһҹͷ񣬡ҷҪɱɣ
ȿԼ᲻ɣ


485 ֲķ
Ȼһ֮󣬾޴ĽⷨǰӰһʧ
Ȼǰģɵڶӣеʹ࣬еǳ˷ŭ
֪λۣ˵ûʲôǲģҹĿһһɨ֣ͣһ£Դų˵ֻİһˣøɵеһأܳһ£Ҳȫ׼Ҫٳһˡ
ҹһУСһڵļϣоӡ
ҿСһ沿ô仯ҪʲôģôֱӾͱˡ
ȻҹһģХֱҪըˡ
ֲоôϤϢԭҹֱһ޳գ
ҹƻǴͨƻµˣŵִһҵһҹ
ð
ҹǿϷһŶԷݣɵĵҲûһġ
ã޶һӵתҹʩһ񣺡֮лպзԸĪҲӣ
ˣҹҲһ񣬡֪ô㣿
֪˼ǽȻһϣ޶ԻµţҪҪ޳ţҪҿһ¡ǳϴͷ̾˿
ûϵ㲻ҲûйϵֻǲϣվϣҿɾͲ˼ˡҹЦ
˵ЦˣȣԲҸΪСǳæ
㣡ҹ˸ơ
ǣҲһˡ
ⳤ֮һҹǰɫ࣬Ѿ˵Ƥһ仰û˵ֻҹһתҲˡ
ҹ˵ıӰҲ̾˿ݣҲʦ֣ڿֳһĲ࣬Լ׶ӶԷȻ֡
ɫҲʮѿҲ֪˵ʲô¶ٻˡ
ʣµȻûʲôһһ뿪ÿߵʱ򣬶һۡ
еǷŭеǸпеǽ䱸ţ¶ԷԼߵʱʩ㡣
תۼ䣬ʣµģֻҹ⼸ˣǸոʱһ
ҹŸˣվҪһˡҪݸҧˡ
Ҫ̶ֳȣҲ޻˵ҹĵԸӣŵĸһٵǵҪǸһɱΪЩ˻뿪Щ֮ǶҳϣͻȻָоǣʵ̫֡
ҹô˵ˣХ˿̵ǳһЩĿɱʾҹޣ㣬¼û֪ɱȻѾ֪Х͵ôҪģֻɱ㣬Ϊƻҵļƻ𡣡
ڵȷлһսˣҹЦڴģϣһս̫ӰȻҪ˵ӰҲûʲôӰˣǻúʹ죬ûʲôĥǵĴ㣬ΪʵǶѾ˼㣬Ͳ̾Ϳôɶ
һΪԼʤĻ᣿Ҳһ˵һ˼ɣˣ˹¼ҹˣСƴһսδһ£ҲҪնڽ¡
˵ϣȻɱ
ȻڶԸҹϣһֱֵȴûᶨƣÿ˶С˼ȫеϵһ
˶۷ǿߣƫƫһʩչ˽ϣ󣬴ǳֵʱ򣬻εľһ
ҹ˲ƣɫҲ
Ҳ˶ѣֽסҹûа⡣
ɱһʱһ֣ͬĺϻ֮һ㣬ҹɱȥ
ĹâƽȻһŨըһȻҹϯȥ
âдɱĺ⣬ĨɱһеĻϢһħҹ
벻֣Ȼ˿ֲҵʵԸǣвСĲ࣬ҹȫֵһҲβֻҵ
ͷʱҹһͻȻóһӵͭħԨһǿ쾵
ģɵӱɵҹʱֻһⷨȴû뵽쾵ܸԪ󿹺⣬ܴӷԪȡ
ӴȻӡڲؿռ
ҹȴҲ쾵ȻӡЧǿ󣬵ǰͬʱɵ̫࣬̽ΣŸԼܳܵСйϵ
Ҳ˵ֻҪԷԪҹܳܵķΧ֮ڣ쾵ܰѶԷӡУ˲
ӡʧҪʱȫԽóͱڣͿԽøոɵӱɵ
ǿ̶ȣҲԶԶҹܳܵģþͺڣȱɣֳַ쾵ġ
ЩǼϵһϣһ֮йҹҹ϶ˣ쾵˵Ҳᱻ𻵡ǰЩֳ֮쾵ȴԽƵѹ
뵱ʮ˲쾵ѹ֮£ûħģɼǿԡ
ǿԶԪõһħҹãħӵһȲһ쾵
ɵӵȫԸɵҲЩӳϳһɣҹЦһ쾵аӴǣ
ȻӿȻӴȴδس㣬ޱߵĴ֮ˮȻ࣬ûضͲܸǿĳ
֮µٲȴԸɾ޴˺ˡҹҪЩȻȻɢҪЩˮӳ󺣵õģ塣
Ҫ壬һ㣬⺣ˮչֳצһ纣Х
ҹܵĿ񶼳ܲס޴ѹһ㣬ڵһǵ㲻ͣزš
ħצѾҹһ̣ǹȴ˿УҲð벽
ҹ̧ͷҲŷ֮ɫܸܵӿŵ⣬Ӧеʵ
ţԼϣ֮ǰҲԲܳܡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴǹ䣬Ǳսĥޱȼ͵壬Ҳֻǿܽӳѡ
ҹ̧ʮֻ˸оƶֲգҲ⵶ÿ̧һ֣Ũ


486 ӡ
ƣ
ҹǴԽ˿ռ䣬ҲԽʱһ㣬ңԶʱƮһģǺᣬȴҫĿֱӵĵ档
˿̾类һ㣬ؿԼոǳƣ赲һַ֣һ߽š
ǰһУ󶼻촷ۣǾǻαƵĺһɨɡ
⻹ǽΪҹǵϵֻǳ˶ߣĵû¡
һնȥʱغ¡һѿһ޴Ĺ֣ѿһ࣬ҹΪ㣬ϵţš
û֪⹵жҲǱһնģһǧǰѾڵǵ㣬بС
䡭
ڹֵľͷһ׹Ȼǵڶ
İ׹һڣҪҹĵƸסһ㡣
յҹҲоȻܵסֻһ˲䣬ҲǼµġ
ԼѾﵽʵ۷ˣԼס
Ȼĵûж£նǾ޴֮Уһһһף΢ԪȴǸѱ;޴صĵٿһƵģˢһնһѺ
վסҹĵƣҲĹư㣬ĵѳȻƮɢڿ֮С
ǽһƣʱһɲϣȴִޱΣյϢ
ҹ΢΢۾Źնȥ
ʱɢȥǰһĹżҵĲݴУһ᫵ĵ·δ֪ķԶȥ
ҹȻṳ̂ɽ·ȴܸо·ϵΣա
ܵĸоǰ·ȥĵطĵȣڵĵطΧһѡ
ɵź͵һԭҪҵ֣򿪵ȵķӡҹյĳ˫۾һò˵ֳɹˣһӡƲˣҪҵɣʲôʸͨȣ磿
ҹ㲻Ҫ⣬ƺЩȴǿԵţ׵ڵȣ֪̫̫٣Ȼ̤磬Σҿ϶һǷֲʤڴʱлһս
̧ԼˣǸϲڱǹĽɫƫƫҪ˵úҲ֮һƵģҵûбɹ֣Ϊʼնôһ㣬ɵǼ磬ҹɨһȦڣ㻹ϷҪ磬Ҳ˵ô򵥰չ黹Ҫǣ治֪ʵǽ磬ʲôôһʵǿŮģ뿪˱ֱ̣һǴ
ǴģֻҪҵǾҵ˭Ҳ޷ߡ߰
𣿰˵õӦòСΪʲôҳһսҹʵȴûеȶԷĻش𣬡ٸԼˣһɣչǲңڿ˵Լ׵ĴߣʵΪǸʵңԱø߰ʾҲȻؿĹ
˵꣬ҹתŵȥ
ûгԳȣΪû׼ãл磬Ҳܾôȥ
ŻûҲЩûʲôһûڣ˵ᷭʲô
ۡ
ĳ֮еɽһѪҲȻڵϡ
ӣȷʵˡߣиһϮµӣ˵ԳᣬֵĴָϣһöɫǽȴתİָ
һҶˣ㻹Ҫҹȥǿ棬ôĮȻ¼ûʲôֵȥģʲôһʡ
ҪסˣЩŭ˵ΣطҲҵ
ǿɲһ¶һ˿Ц⣬Լ̫ˣˣҲԼҵڵģҹֻҪԸĻҲһҵֻոյҲܴ󣬲ðնѡ
Ħ棬ģƴˣϣûʧ˶Էһۣûȥǿ棬ڵȵķӡѾ򿪣ʮ֮ڲ·ӡûˣȫȥƴһԣڣȴֻܿļƻܲЧˣ˵Ҫƭҹٿһηӡǿϼѣ߲ˣҲһӲ
ǺǣûˣĸȥԵȵķ춴ĦݣѾǰĦкܴͬƺټ仯ȥҹ˵ģ㲻ǶԼûİˣĲǸԼҵɶѡ
ĵĻҺ˵ҲǱҹԼȴûֻʧߡ
˵òֻʧһζѣĦ˿Է̸飬ֻҪûӮĿܣǿ߲ܻԼʧܣȴǸߣΪ㺦±̸СֻС˲Ż
ҪҴһ𣿡ŭ
Ǻǣֻ㣬㣬֪ҹҲһ֪ôȥŭ㣬Ħ濴˶Էһۣһܵ׵֮ĴߣüɹϧƭһˣǸ˾ԼʼղܰԼĴߣҲȻҹܣ
۾ȴûȥ
ܾҰܣΪڵңҲûдҹʵĦ̾˿û뵽ǣȻĽ쾵ˣƺѾʼ˽쾵ڣҲĶˣҪԼĴߣֻǲһ˿ʤ㣬ãҲܵȥ
ģһûսȭͷ˵
áĦûпԷֻԼϢš
ҪΪЩʲô𣿡СſڣˣŹĵ
úÿţûб飬ͲҪñ䣬û˿Ϣ
ѾѹҪڼ𣿡Сʵ
΢΢̧ͷĿһ˿â΢΢£յŮÿ˴͸һǣǲҵķԸȥҿξǻҲ԰ͻصҹȥ
ǡСһ£˳ȥ
ĦȥԷֻǱĿȫû˵ĻҲȥᣬĵ
һɽУȴֱԭأ˵Ķ
ǾȵǣӭǵģǸξ֮ˣһŮӣһŰƵŮ


487 
Ǻ⣿֡ХˣһӦǷȥ
ǲ˵Ϊͨ죬ҲгɵǿߣɵƶˣȻῴòŮӣͺͿȥĵز
⣬ҲܻЩŮӽǷ˵ģǿ϶ΪмֵΪЩŮӵϸš
λöŭİţСǵʯֻùǰŮӣʸ棬ܰѸλȻΣҪ͸λҹǰҲ׾ٵ顣
Ȼһ˿̶ĸо
вǾȻһŮӹޣҲþͲܼҪͻص
˵ҹһ̥һ񾭲ûһľͶˡҹСӲʵòƲˡ
ǧҪľֻܾһУǵλĻֻʵ㱨ˡСһ
Хˣһֱ˹һˣĸоԷǶǽ۾һһȴƫƫȥ飬òһֶԷܱ̬ĸо
ڿ𣿿ǲǺɫ֮ͽ
˺ܿͷһ㡣ʵϣ־ǿߣĺɫҲ㲻ʲôȻŮ
ԥһ֮󣬼ֶ˻ʯҡ

Ƶһҹ˱˴һƬʱǶ˱˴еɻ
ܿ죬ֳˣһ󣬶һĦ档
ȥ飬ǲǶǵĵʾһ»ӭѣüƽ˵ţҲ֪Ҫܣ˵ɱҹλףҵΪܵƣ˭Ҳ޷˭ǿ̫࣬ҹȴǴƣԼЩΪҪǿʹҲĶ֣죬Ҳᵽǿֻʣλʲô㣿
ǣǸλ÷ԪͿԴͨȴӵﱻƣҲûпļ󣬡ХĿﺬżʣΪҪŵӣЩǶɽĻЩҲǶȥʧȥ˴ҹĻᡣ
𣿡Ŀ
ХһʱҶӣѹֻҪ֪𰸡
ܼ򵥣ĦԱ߲ڵΪ˵ģǼϢŵӽԪҲҪҹѣȻΪô׾ϵ𣿿ϧǼ˷Ҳɱˣ
˵Ȿһıŭ
ʲôıʲôıĦˣĿƽ޲ǲҲҪҹ뷨ʱ䣬ŵӣҹֻ˸һľѣҲͲµǲɹֻû뵽֮˾ȻᱻˣҸְǻסΪڻվ𣿡
㡭ֵ۾涼ðŻ
ѡΪֻҪЩˣͿ԰ҹɱЩˣȴ֪ɱҹ뷽跨ǣǰŵͳͳʧȥȻ
ҪΪʸƣˣ֮ǰҹŵĵӣֻҪҹ򿪵ȵķӡѣԾлɱҹҲģûҪȵķӡʵǧѣǲҲ𣿲ܽĵȣԶ޷磬˰ɣ
Ҳ֪⻰òüˡ
ҪΪҪǽʲôֻףΪһ򵥵ķԪ󣬾뷨ʵ̫޴ˣûңŬһҲ磬ԿѡҰͻصҹߣǹ鸽ң˵ֻһѡĻᡣ
˵ҵʵܵƣҲǸ۷壬Ҫѹͷ𣿡Хһ
Ȼû˵Ҳһ뷨
ǶǸɵĸǸ˵һˣǸ˵ˣ顣
ˣб°ǼƾץĿЩƣǲɱǵҲûйϵҿʮϢ֮»صҹȥȻƷǣǾȥԸǰɡ
Ҳʲô˵Ļɫ˶һԾĦΧм䡣
ĳطҲҪʩչĻУΪǻ𣿡ŶԷҲ˼Ц˵ģȵķӡѾ򿪣ԼͿԽˣα£ǳ룡
Ħ棡תͷһ
Ħֻ̧ڼһ㣬͸Źϲζ
ת˲֮䣬һɺ𣬰ԼУһαʲôûˡ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôЩֶΣͲӦó־֮С
ֻһֿܣǰˣҲΪѹƵˣȻӵеҲ۷ʵĳЩ߼ֶΣҲһãƩոõ˲
λ뿪ֻΪǶֶѣҾǶԸҹʱЩҪɱǣҲһİ취ţǿʯҵĶڡٴ
ҲƵһ飬ΪһһǶӲԷ۾
ǣȴԶҲ֪ǸʲôطôһԷڲ֮صġ
˲ʯҶȥһʱЩͷƤ顣
ǸĶڣΪûйߣɫСɳ棬صصסˡ
Ķ࣬һСҲҴ⣬ǧСɳ棬͸̲סҪ־һ¡
ЩҲûжǵĶжǿǵΪֵܲܵס˵ֵܵãⶼǾ޴⡣
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û뵽ԷһڵǵϸϣҪ֪һˡ
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޶ɽϣҹһûùı˫ĿգȻǸӦʲô󷭷֮䣬ġƵƵ㻮ϵĻֽ˲ͻһ
е԰ҹԼ׷컭һģȴֻһͨĻֽûбɷֽΪʲôһķûǰûԪԪҲˣѵܻ𣿡
һͷ˵ΪʲôűȥԭǶڻͼ
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ٰ쿴ôħڵ۷嶼ôƺҹԼҲϣǻģǽйͨǶ˵漰ĳʱȻûô򵥣кܶڣкܶ޷˵ĶֻԼȥȻͶˣ򲻵ʦǿҲû취ȥͽܵæ
˵Ǻһ棬һ˶û򵽣ǵĵǾҪϲˣҹӵ
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ϧʲôҹҲ֪ˣХƺҪŵǿҪԼһ޶ȨԳж֮ʣ˹Ƴ档
ХĹƳӺζҹͻȻ롣


489 
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⡭ܲһ̵ʱ䣬ȥ磬ѵǳʲô⣿ЩɵʵȻ˵ʹҲ֤û£˭Ҳ˵׼ܲסֱֻ߳ʲô
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Щĳ̶ֳ϶Ϊаգ˵ûбѡ
޶ɽһΣǡڣĽֻ޶űҹһɱ½ϣȻѳִúǱûӣݵشǺųǿĻڴƽȥ
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۾ԼҹǷϵţĽǳұҪ㿴ɼеķԭΣһֻ̬򵥵ģȫģȻ㻭˽Щպķп϶д
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ⷬȻ˵Хеĸ̾Ҳڵһź
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⻰ҹѾӵˡ


490 ֽ
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Ҫ磬Ҳ̣ȥˣҲȻûκá
Ϊ˵һ££Ǹʱ䣬꣬꣬һ꣬޷ܡ
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ֽʣҲţǱҹԼҪżΪҪ֤һ漣
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һҲһ쳯ָҧȥ٣ֽˣ
Ŵ죬ȴקŲ˵˶Էʮ˱ڣôôҧԼ


491 ɽ
ҹû˵ӣҧƺָǵʱҲѾҧԼָһƽʯͷϻ¼ʡ
ʺѪҺӡʯͷϣܿɵĵŶصϢԼ
ҹдһʵʱǿʯͷϵ̵һɫâĲһϵγ֮ʱ
ꡭ
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սۿţʱ̾ҹƽȻõѪҺɵһȻôͼҲܴﵽƽ׼Ʒ㡭
ǸǰɣҹЦ
ʲôţֱˣð죬һôݶԷĻһܸķ򣬶ҳ־ǻƽ׼ƷҿҪˣ۷ǿߣҲһֵܵסһ֮Ҳ˵ߣǰ޹ˡ
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УϣϲҪʯͷɣǾȵ
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үӣ˵ĻǼٵģⶫʯͷϣʱҪôãʯͷԷͷ𣿡ǱȻš
ͷûǽ׷ֻҪʱ۷ΪӵģһܲˣǿһЩģҲ϶ˣȻֻһ֮˵ɽ֮һΪ
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ˣҹ֣֮˵лԵЩԶˡ
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̫ʣˡҹͻȻָıһ
лٰûûƤظȥ
ĽЩˣȻҲΧȥˡ
ҹվ޶ϣǰһƬڵƺʱʱʹԼϣ˿˿⣬ʮ⡣
֮Ҳһڴǰҹ֪࣬ЩΪ֪Ҳ
ֱڣҹŽ֮ܵãһʶϢΡ
֮ǰİһսȻӶԷƿ֮ѣİʹȵ֮ġ
Ȼ֮һǾƮ
֮ǰ޿̤ڿշеģҹԼҲԹ֮ڽ£ԲŻڽ̷ַ֮ɽİЩɽҪ
ڷɽǵȻ⣬ͷµĻҲмٵҲм֡
ǰãھͲͬˣⶼıǮðײã
ȻıԪǱڵʱ䣬׵֮һģõҲһ٣׵绹ҪϤ
Ϊ׵֮óҲһˣͬǿģʱ仹ܳ
ҹûȥ˼ܾãѾָڵϻһ£Ѫðָ
ûκͣ٣һڵϻȥ


492 
һ£Χ·Ӧʲô΢΢һͣ˿˿Ƶҵһ׽Ļ飬ŰҹƮ
һ˿˿һƣǲ֮ƮȴǵҹոջѪ
ҹָĨڵϣڲĻҳȻÿһڻ˺꣬ҹѪ᲻ˡ
ʱҹȴȫȻûע⵽Щ飬뵽ĳһȫȻûȥ飬ֻһ
һ׷һͣԱüѶˣϣҲǰ
׷ҹǰǲửܹǳģҲʹַƿЩɽ¾ǶԷ˵ǰûнӴûʹùɽһξȻڳɷ֮ǰ
찴𾪣֪Լڼ֤һ漣һ񼣡
ҹֻһʱ䣬ʹӺ޸ӦķȻĵһ׷ʹﵽ˻ƽ׼Ʒĳ̶ȣһε׹Ѿǽӽ׵ķˡ
ڣҹٶûͣһ£Ϳʼĵڶűʷ£Ŷ˵ָ£֮Ѿŵӿ롣
˵ոǵ׷ǿҪԾ׵ĻɽѣֻҪˣȻɡ
ҹ಻ı⣬ȥǻ᲻ɵ
쿴ԷʱӺ̬ŷɣ̫û˵ĸо
ҹȻһԽԽԼûио˵۾˿ĶѾţҵԽС
Ǵƺ֮ӿ֮ȴԽԽ࣬ЩѾֻ뵽棬Ǹһ档
˿̵İҹǰѾڵĵȫһƲƲݵȥ˼ֳ⡣
˶ؿǰһĻȴŷһ̣뿴һɽͷˣʲôӵľ
ҹӦһָͻȻͣͣ٣ֻٶһԵı仯һٶ˼Ǿֹġ
֮⣬˶ΪҹѾˡ
ȻûУָѪҺ٣ָҲѾ˵һ硣
ƺӦͣˣҹӣŷָȻûͣ٣Ǽȥ
ѪȾ˵ľȻ˵ȥ֮ҲŸǵ档
ҹĨһʵʱѵһƬڳƶ䡣
ƺ˵һ£ǱӿҹƬƶ侹ԽԽ󣬴ҪһƬɽ¶סһ
пţһԼ껭һʱҪӼһͻҿӣҲƷ겻ķţЩ꣬޵ţһͳ磡
ţעҲԶڣ켤ֳ˼̾Ϣ֮ɫź
ܾãţҲ̶ֳȣҪƺյɽ𣿡Ľǰûа취ͻƣڷ͸ûô
һЩϣҲ൱ʶ
ţҲӸոյ֮֮УǰѵҲܳô֮
˵ܳܣҹİҹǳԲƵģڰеչ
쾲ؿţһ⣬ֻľ粻ѡ
ƺѸٵɽ£ţٹĹɽᱻյɽ
ҹʱûټΪѾˣǰԭĵȴȻڿУۼԽԽ
֮䣬лγɻӣƺѾԶɣҹƿˡ
ѵҲ޷Լ𾪣촽΢΢ţݶڴܣ⵶Ȼʶֻһͨķɽ
ţȻһͨķɽҹʱתͷ֣صؾ˵Ƿɵ
ûҭ˼ǣѵѾԼʶȻû飬һԼʶĵŻŷɽΪԼۼô֮
ѵۼô֮ȴԶԶûеļޣѾ㹻˵⵶Ĳ֮
ʵ벻ףѵҲ˵ֻҹ׽ͨôôѵҹŵҲŽˣ
ܣ˲һ˵һġĸǺûѾĳɾʹС˼ηôĥҲֻԭߵԶЩ
ˣѵһʼĻͲõĲ׽ķ죬Ǻ˶˵ĴҲһĵʵЩôܳԽķɽأ
ķɽǶ˷ǷĲʣֻһ϶ܱ׽ıǿ֮ûʲôɱԡ
ҹѵչֳ˷Ƿԣֻ˵һ㣬ѵڴ֮һѷǷĵ
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ƺһְʾַˣֻһСӣĳɹļҲǡɺ϶ѡ־ܸġ
ţһǵʲô֪Ҳû֪
֣ѾˣΪʲôҪҹ֣ﰵҹץ
Ǿۼһɢֻع鵽µƺǸոʲôҲûзƵġ
ڵǰѺڵҲûпʲôâûѪĺۼһж֮ǰʲôûӡȻҲ֪ȷЩ鷢ˡ
ҹĻȫһݣΪûзκ쳣
ţҹĵҪȥЦȻô˵ˣǶԷ϶Ѿ޶ɽҾɽ
ǰһƬƽƺҹӶڵʲôƣֻǵնµʱƺȻƿһ϶Ǳѵһ
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Ҳ֪һƬɽڣҹһһʯͷţƺһڣԾһӰҹ˵ĳ֡
ֵдǱȥһͨˣھ˼ųһʵԷһʦ緶ˡ
㾹Ȼһ쿴ŶԷĿҲ¶
Ҳ¶ɬҲ޶ѾˣΪţҪдʦһ
𣿻˵㱾׼ҹʵ
ҹҳǰҰˣҴĶ֣һԾ֮ͳϰֵκͿɬ֮ǰһҪֻǺ֪ҰˣǱӦ䣡


493 û۸
ҳǿΪҪɨϰŪһУʹ˵ݼ޶ŵʦ֮ұ׼ֻϣܸһ˶ϵĻᡣ
Ҳû뵽ȻǱűľĶģһʱЩꡣ
Ľ˵ģǿֻһˣ˿̵ӣЩ
Щһҹ뿴λش
ҹų֣֮󣬲Ÿ˶Է𰸣²ܣ
ҹ㡭ƺǱŭˣдѵһԲõĻᶼ𣿡
ҲᣬͲԲãҹϸһ˿ЦҲ̫ԲãĻҿԴͣ˳޶ɽϣҪҿ㡣
ֱԷȻԷû׼Э˼
ֻ֪ΪʲôֳĬһһеĸԴΪԳз½Ѹ¡˶նɱ޶Ѿôڣ㻹Ҫʲô
޶Ѿôڣȴ˵ʦҹȻЦһ£ûлشԷ⣬ȴ˹ȥʦ֮׼޶ɽűľȻҼңʲô
ҡһʱ˭˵£
޶ɽǰ棬ڴѾı䣬㲻ܽɽ棬һŵħԨǧ࣬ɽɹȴֻĻû˭ֹ㣬治֪һֱ˷ʲôʱ䣬ֱҰ㺰Ҳûп˿ɱĳ⣬ҹ˵Ҳ̫ԼֱȽϰȫ
ֿЦ˵öԣܻţ˭ԸȥȻ㷢ˣôϷŹҵĻֻԸˡ
˵һԾ޶ȥת۾ﲻӰ
ˣĽЩţһɵţȻǰɱˡ
ôȥһ̰ɡҹһԾҲȥ
־ٶŵĽһ漴֪ԼĵǶôˡ
˿̵ҹûתۼʧ٣վһƬƶ֮ϣȻƮƺ
ǡĽָȴһʱ֪ҪôȥԼĸܡ
ԷɵĶܽзɽ÷ɽ˷ɵģɾûôˣİǰѷɽ϶ܣҪȻһվ԰ˡ
ܲܣǾͲö֪ˡ
֪ģǧûм̤շеˣ͸˵еҲһġ
һֱ˵ҹ׽磬ʵǸ׽ȻвͬʼնߣΪǵľ̫ˡ
׽һһ׼ӣǵĿռ䣬Ҳ׼磬ߵ԰ĿռһأֻһСӡ
ڵҹ׼ҿһû˿Ķʹǿ˴ûпա
ʱ˵ʵҹ
һֱڿգȻѾԪΪ̫ûа취սһֻܷܽӡ
ڲͬˣҲ˷ɽǷɵܸŵһɡ
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ӭ棬һ⣬ȥСһž޴һ㣬ҹ˹
ХʱҹܾͻŶԷķ䣬Էǳ֣ԱûӦԷĴ㣬ƫƫʱͳ˷䡣
ôҹǵɫıһ·ߵȤûУǾֱǵײ˹ȥ
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ҹվڽϻȭͬʱǰŭţһ壬һй
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ǿ󣬵ΪػңΪ游ĸ𣬶ڣֻҪԼߵˣ
ֻбøǿ󣬲лЩֻоøǿܸӰһЩһǿˣȴõϢκһܳܵġ
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£Ѿû˳ֵӰӣҲ֪ʱ̣ҹĶ֣Ѿԥܵˡ
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ҹǸɽ棬߹ȥֽѹŵһѽ
һ꿦죬ԭΧѹѽķ󣬶ҹӲĳñѿҲ
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ҹ˿еı䵽ɽϣⶫĽһһѺýԱȵһ۷ǿ󡣡
ðôķգΪһѽĽ꾪ȵ
ɶԼɽֻ֮Ż֪쿴ǰѽҲȷԷΪѽŻģڵķҲ֪϶⼸ɽպֻܳΪ˵Ķˣǿ϶᲻ġ
ÿһѽôǿǻ᲻ٷ˻Ľ굣ĵ
ǴǰᣬҲˡҡҡͷ
Ľֻһ£̾仰˼
Ȼ֪ʱҹѾһȫȻͬİҹ
ǵķʹķɽҪǿöķ
ڵҹֻ˼۷ǿߣܾôȥɵˡ
ȻһģҾȥǼôˣҲ˳ħڴкҹվڽ˵
ȴһӦѾͻƺҲ֪ʲôطˡ
磬չߵĲһ·Ľпŵ
ΪԼл׷϶Էȴ֣ôŬÿÿԼѾܿܿ죬ȱܶҪʱ򣬲ŷҹѾˡ
ȻҲ֪ⲻΪԭŻʱֻһͨ˵⣬ȴȻҹŮˡ
ֻЩźҹһĶվ̫ˣС䶼Ȳˣ
гһգҲԽĻ㻹ȥ찲ο
ˣĽҡҡͷȻע磬Һα׷ôۣﲻ˿϶࣬ҵԸ񣬲֪ҪǶ鷳ʵȽϺãû˸۸ˡ
ǺһЦȴҲ֪ԷôÿֻǼȻǿǼװͻҲһͻɡ


494 ڲɱ
ɽϣХֳһŵΧӵħˡ
Ϊһ˲ʲôգ˭֪ħڵ˾Ȼ׼Ҫصɽ֮һ׷ȡߵʱ򣬾Ȼ⵽ڶ˵İΧ
ڻҪ𣿸ոѾѶܿͻᵽˣҸ㲻̫죬ʲôǸֱ˵ɡԴЦХ
ô֪ѵѾڣרŵңХȻΪԼмˡ
ǵûУҪֳֳֻܹˣ̯̯֣ʾ¶Ǽһҵģȥ޶ɽȡײںɽײǹϣȻˣǼѾ£Ҳ̸Ϣ˵ܻܿĳ֮ȴȡЩʲôȻҪӽӭĵˡ
ԭҹХһҪļƻͬһʵҪ˵ˡ
ҼǵôΣǺңХ컹Ҫ𣿡˵䣬ҹŷɽ
˶ӰӣֻҹһƬڵ·һ㡣
ХʱȫѾȻƵĺ⣬ٿҹ̤ƵӣֶǶġ
ôģЩɳƣ񿴵˼顣
ħڵҲʮ־ȣΪԭټҹǵѾ̫࣬Բҹʲôģûôˡ
ˣҹȻûԷһµ飬Ӧÿڵ㣬ҵĶ֣ٴξ۵һҹҲȻǸϴεһɱǻӷ㣬ǣѾҵĶ֣ڻҪ𣿡
ܱȵҪã˻ûп͸㣬ҾţǸгرˣ׷ŹˣХɳɤӣһ׷԰˶ǧҪСҶͿö˸һᡣ
̫ˣҹ˿ԷеķҸո޶ɽһ׷Ǹоû˵ôǰĻаӲ˵ɱңǸˣӦ֪еķУµľ׷ϲľ׷ˡ
˵ʲô׷ХشЦţΪ˵Ц𣿡
ҹŶԷǿһɵһ㵱ȻѡţողǻңôڿзֻܸǣƵķҲ֪㲻ףƲ
ХЦȻֹĿҹµƣǲôҲƵıʣʵһһҹǵİҹ
֪ҹôģǸһЧ벻ͨô÷
֮Уڷܸģֻ죬λʦ֣Ҳֻڲ֮䣬컹Ʋߵķ
Ҳ˵ҹ׷׷ҪΪ׷ٶܿһЩҹµһȫûж߿ɿ
ֻɵ׷㣬Ҳ㹻ü˸һ˰ɣХҹһոЩƣȻ¶ԷͻȻһҲֵĻᶼûУ
ҹŶԷ֮ŵ˵öԣôһɽķҵȷûа֣УҿѾˣôҪ㣬Ҫô
Хһʱˣû뵽ҹ׿ڳϣԷҲûа취ֹһ
ԼôȻҪߣӳɽǻһߵ
Ȼ̧ͷѸ˵Լ˵ҳԼʧˣҲԱ֤ٲΪУ취ɱ㣬Ҫߣұ֤׷ɱҡ
㲻ܣҹȶԷ˵꣬Ѿˣı֤Ҳ̫ţǰֲûб֤˵Լ˵һгرˣȻ㼸ҪɱңûڻҪŹ㡣
ǿûʲô˵ˣХҪѷ
ȷҹͷظŶԷĻ
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˳֮⣬˺ʮɡҹƽһ
ХӦǱ߶ħڵѾȫ˺ˡ
Хľ񶼼ҹϣֲԵʱѾЩˡ
׷ʱڣƾٿԱ֤ħҪҪصĴۡ
أҹһƮƮĻ֮ԼĻܿɵЧﲻ
ʮ֮˲Ϊʮ֮ǰҹ̥˵·׷۵ǣЩġ
ҹǰ浲ţԭ÷вħڵӵļƻȻѾ̫ʵˡ
һʼЩ̫ҹԼķͲܰҹôںѾˣ˵İѾЩϣ˵ҹֻʲôĻ
ԼѾоڵˣҹŶԷı仯ѾµԷҪ飬ڻлᣬСĿܣǰԼŪҿԸһѡ񣬻Ƚϲ
˵ʲôХѾˣ֪ȥֻҪϷŪҵĻģǻ˰ɣһŵ֮£ܱȱĥҪá
һҿԷŹ㡣ҹ
˵ʲôХѾ֣ͻȻһֶ
ŬҪղŵĻһ
ֻԼڰµĻҿ˲ɱ㣬ɽҹȷظһ飬һ˵š
˵ˣԼڣХɲصʱ̣ʲôϷ
ȻҹͷϣģҪɱ㣬ѾɱˣòʲôϷǣҪ˵Ĳɱ㣬ֻһΣһʱ򣬺ǺǣⱲӶɡ
ХһʱֲԼĶˣǿһΪʲô
Ǻǣ˵Ľħ¼֣𣿡ҹʵ˵ѾǵҵĶˣֻ֮Ҫ֪ڲɱͶˣΪҲɱ㣬Ҳδؾܵõý
ХûҹĻǰҲ˵ﷴֻż֣ڲɱ㡱


495 
ֻ͹ˣҹ˵˷ҲֻǶѣοѾûʲô˸ˡ
ܻţͲÿ˵ıܷӦˡ
Ǽֵʱ򣬲Ҫɵջǵģڴɽȷϰȫ֮󣬾ͻ£Ǿʯ٣
ҹЦһ̯£ǾͷٰɣʯͷҲٵҵҪ˵֣ԼϧᣬǾͱˡ
ҪХͷ󺹣ոһ˲䣬ΪԼ˸Է̸еıǮ
ȴˣҹѾ֮⡣
ǸҪģֻֿʣԣû뵽ҹ˦־͸һֻռռ֮󣬾Ȼҹûи׼þƣҹ˦һƹûͣռҲ˻ȥǶһ֣
ô㲻𣿡ҹЦЦ
ҲˣХ仯֮죬ԼоЩ죬˿ĵλȻŵù
ղɵˣҹҪɱֱҪ̫ף
ˣҹҲûԷƤĺȣȻǰˣԻ᲻ãһΣҲɱ㣬ԭѾ˵ܸоҲɱ㣬ҲкýһԤУҺҪ֤һ£Ԥеȷȷ
Х۽ǳ鴤һ£ȴûлӦԷʲôֻǰٿһЩð˵ϡ
Ȼܽؿ˿ҹԷûκҪֵ˼һɽ³ȥ
Ҫ𣿡Хʵ
ǺǣȻѾ˵ߣͷһɡҹЦţѵһ׷˳
лҲļֵ棬ⶫĿԵɽ֮
ֶҹԷХĴΪҪԼŵģû뵽Ȼ͸ħڣóʮָм
ħڵʵȻǳ磬֪ж˴ǵ⣬ЩɵĵȻɢˣҲ֪᲻죬ͻȻ֮һӿ
ֻ绹ʲôص۷壬ͻȻ֮ʱļֳֵܳˡ
ÿħڳ磬϶вٵ鷳ЩҲûã»ܷӵֵҹؿŶԷϣҲܼǵãҳŵ飬ħڲ£µа·ӡ
ܷģûаգħڣԲ·ӡ鱣֤
ţҲѱԺ󲻳£ʹŶħҲưոݣҹѵҽǲĸ֣ǵħȥħĹħԨʱֻպڰǽ֮Ѿø湦ûΪʲôҪħأ
ڡڡʥڣǰһлָ㣡
㲻ʲôָ㣬һ֮ļƿ磬ܱɱƿҪһЩҹЦ
ģһʱ䣬һ뾡һа취İ顣֪ҹ˵ʲô˼
²ܣܶ취֮˵ֶħڱǻܶ
һ꣬ҹظʱ䣬ȻЦҲΪȥ̫һ֮飬˭֪أʱļѾˡ
ļ岻ڣһЦҹȥ磬ٲļ壬һжٶ̵֣ʱ䣬˶ȳ
׼Ӧģ˵ҲΨһΪˣȻһתͷָХʧķ򣬡ǼһҪֻҪһ仰ħڿɲںʲô
ǺǣȥɣҸո˵ĶġҹȻ
ո˵ģ˵ǲɱҲкýҲЦˣ΢΢ҡͷħȴЩӦ֮ġ
Ҳ֪ǲܸоǲƽ޹ʾǵģХܸо֮䣬űĶԹҹҲǸ򣬡ô˵ЩʵѾ̫ķˣҲ˵ֻһηŹǺܾܿҪȥɨȣΣյĻǸˣһҪɱġ
ˣʲô·ɻʵ
ҹôӵһ֣Ȼǵˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô·Գ׵ߣʵһӣɵҪѲöࡣҹԶҪ磬˻÷Ӧþ׼Ҫͨȵˣ죬Ǿһȥɣѵɨƽ磬ǲȡ
ɵȻҲʲô࣬ȴ衣Ҳ᲻ֶΣȴ˼ɣΪ˼ɣķŸӿ¡
˵ҹѡ˲ʱ˾Ѿˡ
ҹظоԷףǳν׵ϡ
һֱΪԼ׵ĴߣڣƺҡΪҹ׵Ĵߡ
ܲʵĨԼͷĸоԾֻͨҹɱַԼĴν׵
ãͻȻеħں޶ﶼˣţѾǿɽû˿أҲɽ֮ĻҪȡ𣿡
ںڵĹؼʱ̣˭ȡ߶ԣɵǾͳ˶ԷҲҹԼߵˡ
ѣһȥǲƽȡˡҹȴû̫⡣
Ҳ뵽ˣֻȥֹ
Щνɽ֮ڵ۹ˣȴʲôص
ҲֻԶԣǰħڵħ˵ҲδؾǿȥЩħ׼ء
ҹ⣬ȻҲ⣬Ƚڴģǵڶܿʲô
ͨͨҹѾ˵ˡ
ħڲ٣˼ǧ겻٣иӹĿռ䣬ǻ᲻ȥ
οڣܿҪչǵǰ
ಡ
źɽ´鿴źŵʱüͷҲ΢΢
Щʣ
ߣȥɣҹĿƽ²ֻߣطЩʣ뿪֮ǰ͵һ
ţһ£̾ΪʲôҹһԾˣѾϵķҪӦԣ
ţҲ׵ħҹ˵ԸҲֻһ֣ɱ


496 춴
ţһȻӵﴵһ㣬˲ϯء
粢ǽųֵģʵһֱĳطţʱʱͻһЩ̫ӵѡ
ȻֳƵҲˣǰһʱ䣬ؿʱҲ֪ٵɢޣɵĵӣŵĶ֡
ţµĲǱɱΪиӿµֶΣ԰Ƴ˹ơ
ҲǰЩ˵ѸոձɱһǸ³ˣȴѾŵɱ˻
ܶ˶֪ŴڣΪһֱûдģԲ֪žǿʲô̶ȡ
һΣ綼ˣ㳲ʱ򣬼鲼磬ѵӰӡ
⻹ֻħں޳űȽϽĵطЩԶĵط᲻ҲǾ޴֪ˡ
ħҲ˲ôֻ࣬Ƚǰ顣
ҹǵֻһ֣ɱ
ŵı󣬾ڲٿţѡʱѣΪҪǣҹľܹȻ硣
ԷҲ֪һҹ׾뵽ҪˣںЩŵӣ˵ǽڵ
Լ֮⣬һжЩӵȻҲ֮С
˵ҹ˾УҲף˶ܵƣҹȴͻĳƣֶֶҹ̫ʱ˸Ͳǿ࿹Ķ֡
仰˵ʱҲòϣҹеʸ
Ҫ취סҹЩˣΪĿġ
Ϊҹ֮϶һսȴû̫ĳޡ
ҹһԵ±Թˣᱨ𣬶гرҹͬһķĵľǵҲʱҲϣ̫޹˱˺
Եžҹ֪ҪܣȴȻܿЩɱΪˣʱȥֹ
⣬ҪġҪʱ䣬׼һصͨ

ȣص֮ͨǰ
һ˦ХϣǱŵɽ֮Ȼòʲôʸҵūͣ
Хʹͷ˲䣬ȫɱ
ûжΪ֪Ҫ磬Ҫ
Ƕ۷壬ǰһͨŵΣϢÿ˶ܹо
Ե˽ľǾͰɱĻʣµ·Ҳ֪ܲߵꡣ
ХˣȻⱲӶûܹ衣
ʼɣܹ黹ȡĻ治֪ܲ˳ͨ춴Ħ浹ûʲôֻǴߴŴһȻûȡȫһλҪһЩһٻڷ춴ǾҲûһεĻˡ
ҵһ߾ȫֵ˶ǵͷ˵ЩʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
ȥվŰɣͨΣգǿԵֵġѵҲһ̤ͨ
ˡ
̤˵һͨĵϣȻһ׹⡣
ŴͨߣͻȻӿǹ⣬ЩǹѸٵػţתۼѾ۳˸ָӡ
Щ޻϶δδţɿҲ֪ǾԲͨޣǿľĵز
߰ɡкһûпЩһ㣬ͷȥ
𡭡
ָֻ̧ٵһӡͻȻƬѹѹСɳ棬Щס
ɳƬϣһž޴ܼӣЩ޶СЩҲǵеĶǵž޴سͻţ·ʱܻͻƳ
વصһСڵ㣬ǹƳڶײĹУ޵
ȴûбϡΪиĹƳڴԶԴԴϵز䵽յս֮С
һޱѪȵսȥԶʤˣΪЩƳֻһʱ޶ѣĴۣȴ޷ȥĹƳ档
ЩƳ涼ι˵ģȥ϶Ӱ쵽ı壬ֵǣڵȻһûиоƵġ
߰ɡ˿ûпϧЩڳͻ֮ĹƳ棬̤ŵһĳʬǰ·ȥ
Ħ̧ͷһۣıӰϸһ΢Цһǰȥ
Ҳµ̧ͷ˿һﰵ̾ţҿûȥԽ룬ǰŵķҲȫûаͨ
⣬Ÿոֻһʼѣ
·̣ĦҲʼƵƵ֣ˣʩչ˻ÿοնյػһһޣ߻Ӱ
ֵ˴ʱҲֲ֣ûɱǰûЩޣҲö߽֮˶ͨĳһʱ򣬺Щԭ׺޹ӰͶһͻȻɢûгֹһ
ʱҪͨҲǼѵġ
󲻵òһһʩչĳ溣սĦҲò溣ս
ʼգ˶ûŶ֣̲סҪֵʱ򣬻⵽˶Էĺȳ⡣
ѾоЩԾ֮ʱѾԽԽ˶Է۾Ĳ
òɵĴŮִ̹ܵȻһЩϾǻ֪Էͼʲô
ǣŮжǣɶԷΪʲôôã
Ǻȷ˿·ʧɢ׶ӣҲͬʱ˵׶Ӱ
Ȼ͵Ļʧɢ׵ĿԾ͸ˡ
ûԵ޹ʵĺޣȴðǧٹֵİһ֣ǶԼḽʸ

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޴ͨһӵһ޴Ķӿֱ죬֮ߡȻޣͻһֱȼȥ
Ħһۣ˵ɫЩ԰ףȴ˷֮ɫ
Ƿ춴ڿǵˣתͷ·Ԫ󣬷ס춴ĶڣһĲأ˭߲춴
Ҫǳˣ˲ûбָʹƣ΢΢һ
ԭҪǲ÷ԪȷһķԪ飬ֲ֮ǰǶأԭΪ׼
Ļ֤֮ǰġԵ޹ʵģƺҲûбҪ̫ˡ
ﶼǰһֻҪѷԪ󲼺ã϶׼㹻ʱͿԹͨˣǵҲһ󼤶
ΧһԲȦǸ涴ƶȥŻɵʱѾоǹɳȵϢ
ǵĽ£ͬʱһʯߣ䶸Ȼ


497 
ڷ춴ܣһڵ֮µʯߣʯߵʱȻӲ
ǵ۾˻棬ҲĶЩ汾ǳģȴǵȼչ
һ˲䣬ÿ˶סʧ룬Ͽ־ı飬ǵϱֵ쾡¡
ͬʱվʯ֮ˣؿÿ˵ĿռֵһЩ飬ҵĻӰ档
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ģ˸ԲŻӰͻȻתĦ棬˵󶼲ܵ磿
֪˵ʲôĦһЦ޾ռ䣬ֻҪʵǿܲµͿԽңԶĿռ䣬Դĳֲκռ䡣
û˵ֻǾŶԷΪ֪˵Ļû˵ꡣ
ﲻУǿʵڱĵط󣬴ͨռͨҪͨ춴Ļֻܹģκ˶⡣˵
Ϊʲôֵʵ
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Ҳ֤ǶԵģĦһУʵ̫ϤˣɶԷǲǰ
Ҳ֪ǧû˽סΧΪء۷嶼ģο˵˽֮ûҹƷӡǸͲܡ
ĦҲĻԷȫԼ롣ˣȻܿ͸Է࣬˶ǻöѡ
Ϊһ˵רΪĴµĵ·ĦԷüë˵ֻͨһصˣ׵ʸԲΪߵˣ춴ǰֻȹģֶͨ춴
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ӵĦ˵Ļģԥһ֮Ҳһ
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ɱ
ﵽôһ֡
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ЩɢޣڸħֵֵŵʱħڵǸħ֣ѾأҸˡ
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ڴսˣôģʵЩɼܵ˴ҵŴ
ҹŮ˵ʱҲŭصˡ
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ҧĻҾҧʯͷصǾͲˣŮ˾Ǹӡ
ʯͷķȻǿȴǱȲҹҡͷΪһӣҧ͸оۡ
Ǹô죿ʯͷüͷ
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498 ȵĹ
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仰ܼ򵥣ںܶҲܳԹС죬ȴȻƽ
Ը⣬ҹҡҡͷȻѾµˣ治Ҫģ֪֪ΪʱѾԼһͨȣȥˣ
С¶мĿ⣬ֿʼˡ
ǲţǸͲںҹ񣬼ʵһҶȥȣѾˣԼѡûߣҿ㿴ɱңԸߣǾǿɱ
СˣƺڻҹĶ֡
ûгֹֻŵǵҹֵʱ򣬱˻ûиоСΪܵˣȴڲһֱĿֻ֮С
ǣСҡͷ
㲻뿴ҹЦˣӦҲϣҲӦ֪ҿɲʲôἺΪ˵ʥˣΪ˳ȫǣȥԼĻҿôΰ󣬶ӦףķŹҲߣԣֻһ¯ѡ
Сҡͷ
ҴӦ㲻ɱ㣬Ҳ֪㿴Ѿˣ᲻ҹɫ棬ǴûôȻҸı䲻뷨㶼һ߰ɣҴȥȣȥεˣЩʲô
ʯͷС쿸ڼϣҹһŵȥ棬졢ĽˣҲһȥ
ȳֵ˿ѾȫɢҲ֪ΪڲķӡƣΪﱾû֮󣬲е
·ӣҹȻһΣȥĵطͲԼϳҹҲûȥϳȥȤҪȥΣյ·
ŸոڣҹָС
ʯͷСŵϣ⿪
ǲ㣬Լȥɣҵ˵Ҳ´ˣô̾뿪Ҫȥɱǡҹ˵꣬תˡ
СãȻؿŶԷһ˵ıӰȷ˾Բ˸ʱ򣬲ͻȻɿĳȥ
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ȻСãĽȴԶԷûаøУС仹
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ҹ֮νԹʵҲǴСģٷһЩҲ̫顣
ӵĻҾͲٵˣҹҲΣҲ֪ʲôС˵κζҪڣ뿪˵Ļǲ֮ôܹ鶼ڸ¾ӡ
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㲻˵Ƿ𣿡ҹһӣرһ˵ĳŮˣʲô鶼֡
绹ߣǺΣգĽ꽹
ΣգڵҲʲô˺ԼҲһ㣬ڱˣ˵ĻҲȥʲô£ҹŲͣǰţҺܿͻߣɱˣܵɱ룬ɱʱҲ
ȴ˵ĻѾվһľǰ档
ǲҪˣȥɡҹ˵ţѾǰȥ
ܸһ𣬼ʶһµͨĵ·ֻᣬôŹǺһЦһվ֧֡
ĽҲ˭Ҫ˳ӡ
Ϊȥΰҹû
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ҹ
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СһʱˣΪҹζֻҪвԷʲôӦ
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ˡ
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۾΢΢һ£ֱƺʲôԾ


499 
ʲôɵҲʱ׷״ӻþ֮нѳ
ÿ˶ǾһʵجΣʱ򣬶ɫ԰ףָؽڶǲŵġ
λûĻ͸ϽԪɣĦѾǱߵĶҹҪˣûҪ죬ҹɱ˵ٶȣˡ
һҹˣҲһţ˲ϵƣۣæͿʼֲ
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ӡתţһ壬һ˶ķ󣬽ǳĵػӡ˴
ȴǲ谭һȻŷȥ
󡣡Ħȥ
û˵ֻóһֵĶصش˼
Ҳ֪յʲôطĲ֪࣬࣬ܵٻһ޷˵س˷֮С
ԪĽ̾ͱǿʢâĲҫۣ͸һׯµϢһʥַ
ȸڿˣ΢΢һĿ⣬ȴЩɵƺⷨûһ
ʣµģͿҵˡĦƺ֪Էڵʲô
ֱߵ˷Ե΢һ֮ͣóѱȡص
滮ĦѪȾ콣УȻԥؽѱ׽˷С

汾ǿʢĻ棬һӱѹȥء
ֿǷ״ЩǵԼʱķҹʱ׷ˡ
ˡĦЦȥ
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Ԫţ޷ƣˣԾǽȥɣ
Ҫȴ޷֮䣬ͬڣ˶׵˷ԪĴ֮С
ʱֱѹȥһأžϨһ㡣
ڳˡĦ΢һ
Х棬Ϊ˿һ˫۾ض
Ѿ֪ԷļƻҪˣԪ󣬾ҪġףԷΪʲô£
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ХƤ鴤ţȴûлشʱ˵ʲôɶǲǵġ
ҿʱĻ󣬡ϴųЦݣʶһµŮ𣿡
㡭ХȻɴ۾ƺʲôΪŶԽˡ
ǰ¶ˣҾµĶӣ̱ڵصָĿУһֱ˵ʵһܺõˣֻСģõ׵ĴУǲŲòֿûԸΪκ顣
ХЩŴŸһڲϵͱһ㣬岻ͣس鴤š
ɵŮˣȻΪֻΪ뿪ڴһ죬һ׵ɢһȥ㣬ϧһ˴ңضʮ꣬ĳһѵŵХؿڣһ죬㣬㣬ԸΪ㵱һͨŮˣֹõ֮󣬾Ϳӱ˵Ŀߣ̫ɵȻˣǲ׵Ĵߣ
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ХĿѾӾֱôͣƺ󣬵ǸŮˣҪʲô̶ȣŻԸöӳԵԼ⡣
ڴżܣǴ˿ָоѾǿ־塣ڸոǸػصξҲȻٻһǴ˿ŷ֣һô޴Ĵ
ûʱ䣬һһ׿ڽһȥڣҾȻܣ̫źˣ̵ǰͣȴûм룬ǵŵŮõʱ򣬾Ѿ˹ƣĸ׵õĹƣǾúȥǰɣ
Х󣬵ǶԷһŰ߿תԪȥ
߰ɣХЦţһĦ˵
ȷҪߣΪҹѾˣĦ浭˵һߣССķԪԶԶ޷˰ȫ
뱳ң۾Ȼ
Ħǰ㾹Ȼʸ̸𣿡Ħ񿴰׳һ㶷ҹԶˣ̰ģԶ޷㣬ʵ̫ƭˡ
Ϊֻǵ˹𣿡һ
һ̣סˣΪĦУһֻɫļ׳棺˵ħ׵ͬԴȻЩֻСӶ£㣬ôıԴ˵òɣ
ҡ˵ԼõúܣͻȻһѪӿٻﱻɱ֮ķɣƭңǼٵģ
ģֻ͸֧Ǳ㷢ӳ֮ǰ󼸱ʵٻĹҲһҷɵʱᱻӺ󣬺ܲɣӺʱ䡣
Ħؿ˶ԷһۣԸܹҲǿ㣬ʹɣ
һУոձķȻ·С
ҪʱԭѾѪХͻȻΪһ
Ħҡҡͷת̤뷨ٿʧӰ٣Ĵһֳ
Х촽⶯ţü΢˵֣Ȼð˺ܶƳ棬һƤ⣬ٶȱ˰׹ǡ
󣡡СȥһѱסڴеֻǾ
Ħ棡صҹ
ˣͲٻˡҹĦȥĶʵ˲û̫Ľ
ͻȻЦСƵڵϣ㻹ʲôˣһͿأʲôûУ
ʲôӣҶ㣡СǱס
Ϊϲֻѣһ˯壬õ׵ߣôῴûϲңϲңȥɣ
СģͻȻĨȥչһЦȻץĶ̵ݺݳԼؿڴȥ
ѪȾ͸ȴֻЦϲ㣡
ţȻҲЦˣСᱧһŷ춴ȥ
ҪǰҹȴסֻؿţһڳĻ֮С
ҲɶСĳŵ룬õĹޣҹ
磬㲻Ҫʵ㣡Ľæοš
ҹҡҡͷֻ˹֣һУˣڴλطӣ
硭Ľûô죬һʱ
ҹĶԷļ򣺡С䣬Ҵˣһ죬ܸǣһ㡣
ʯͷ߰ɣ
Ӱһһô޾Ļȴ˴ߡ


طŭ


500 
֪ڵĺףһųҶ͸ŹɫĻ棬ܵȼš
ֻǿɫһҷڷĺˮֻΧǽӽһУᱻǻĸ£˲壬ҲǱһ
Ż֮УòƴһΣȴ˵ӡ
Ż֮ңĳŮһС
ĶС㣬ȷǸ𣿡˵һˣʮ꣬ݿȥΪ飬ҲΪ
ҲȷŮתͷ΢ĳǰŵɫ鶯Ĺ󣬡ŵϢ
ֻһϢ𣿡ŮЩĵʡ
̣Ҽܶˣ϶ûϢĶ˵ţ°Ŀ䵽һŻϣŻ˲ǣ϶Ǹһˡ
ϣɡ̾˿ڲסĵǡ
ؽ̸ţ곤Ķ̴أĶϢգƤ׶ϸۣپɵɶ칤Ľ
ֻ˻ֻǶƽͣǻһرĹͬûȡ
Ƕ̣Ƕ̿ǸӵűĶС㣬һβ͡
С㣬̳Ĭһ֮ٴοˣǸˣϾǲ֮ͬǰˮڶûý֪ˣҪѰˡ
ΣŮӵĵ΢Ҳ˺ˣ˭
̿ЦڲҪô⣬ԱûУʲôȥôһأ

ոջðž޴񺣵һ޴ƵĻͻȻһ¡Χĺˮ׷м伷ѹȥҪСĻһ㡣
ĹâƺҲȷۿɼٶСš
ѾԿ˵·ɫҲˡ
ཡ
ĳϨˣҹã۾ֻøովһọ́ǱɳĮ춼ûкȹһˮƵġ
ˮ
ܵҪôһҲֻſ֮̾һˮൽɤûǺ
ҹŷԼˮУȻҺܿٴη֣ЩˮܰΪǺˮ
֪Լôģ˵ӷ춴Ӧ磬Ҫں׵Ļô
Ҫ˵ͻȻһ޴ݽͷ֣Լ½һ˵ˡ
תͷʱ̺Ķ
㣿ҹܵؾȵ
˵壬βͣ곤ЩҲͰˣǸŮӣβ֮⣬ʵӵò
ͷϴһĽɫűò˼ֳѷζ壬ǰһƬɫˮĶڵţƬ֬ļ޳Բźڰϸֱۣƽ̹СεĶ꣬޲͸Ұԣչ¶˵ǰ
磬׽绹磬ûмְ˰ĴڡСѾǺͨԵˣҲֻ˻Լ˼ѣǰλȫǴ˵е
Сڣҹæһ¿С滹ǰȻģŷҪһСģΪԭ򣬰Сڴӿӽ˷춴Ļǲ͸ء
лλȷСڵİȫҹ˹֣ߵݶǶԷֲŻеģȻˮɻҪú취У֪ʲôطǿɿҵһͬ飿
ĶСȥԷҡҡͷԴʧ˵˾䣺
ǲ֪˵ʲô磬Ƕһ磬Ϊ࣬Ǿ뿪úã˿֪ôģЩˣСεһȻ֪ǴĳͶģⶫﵽǿĺ岻ԸΪ㣬ȴﰲȻҲΣա
Ŷҹһ£ܸоǰǿ󣬿϶ҪԽ۷壬ɻǽһ䣬ȻϾߣܷһλǿ֪ҵ½أû˵ļǴȺի
ûУ߰ɣĶڣҹһۣߣʱ䣬ͿԽһƬԭ½أ߰ɣﲻӦôĵط
лҹŶԷ˹֣ȻתҪ뿪
ʾԼϢİ취ðϵϢȫס֪ٵ鷳ڱ˵ڶΪѻ߳Ƭ򡣡
һСĵġҹתٴԷ֡
Ȼһ֣ܿó˶ûʲô⣬ĶʾǺô
һǱˮĶָ̧һһŻԲҩ䵽ҹϣʩչϵıˮаʱͻƵŵҩ㹻Źʱˡ
С㡭ҪֹҩѾ䵽ҹϣһʱԵЩԥ
̣ˮ˲ĵҩĶȻ
̿ЦС㣬֪˵Ĳñĺ֪˽ߣ֪ж鷳ǰǲǲ봳ǲ֪Ҳʵɣһ࣬ߣͳıˮĺӲٽ϶һʱ򡭡
˵ˣĳĶ˻ֹ֣Է˵ȥתͷҹ߰ɣЩҪܵ飬ܲӵóͿˡ
ܲһ£ƬĺŶʲôʵҹһʵ
ӷ춴ﱻ͵ֻһʱоЩݵϢѾоڷرţֻΪСԪӵò޴Դӱ濴ҲֻԱ֮ǰЩѡ
ʵţĳЩҲԶؿţڶϢһԺҲһЩϢ
壬һƬǧﺣˣʵӦҲڻ񾳣൱ڶڵһǰ˵ӣȴʲôǿȺġ
ǧﺣ򣬳˼峤ǽ𵤾֮⣬֮ºҪߣҪЩǿĺӴĶ֣صضȫʢʱ򣬻ܰЩæڣֻܿԼˡ
ƽҺܲǷһ飬ҹ˿ıˮڿĺҪⵤҩǷģһᾡǴ鷳
һײĺʱѾǴ鷳ˡ̵ЩĶɫֻǿѹ
ǣҹûж˵תĳˡ


501 ϲǵĳʵ
ڵõĶָ֮ҹ޷˵ˡ
ԥûбֳıӰ̲εҡҡͷС㣬Ϊһ࣬ȴҪе֮ķգΪֵõ𣿡
̣Ķûȥҹȥķֻ̧ͷͷϷڻָƽεˮЩձڣֻǰһЩѣΪûε飬ͻһֱȥܸоǵѾ˼ޣûκεɣҲҪ̽ǵʱˡ
ɲô˵˸˽ɡǲͻ
ǲʲô𣿡ĶȻЦһ£ӣһɽʢһ㣬οǸʵҲֻǱѰһЩѣܰﵽʲôأ
ܱ˻֮ԼһƨҪáҡͷܲͬĶСĻƷں׶ǶƬˮۣСȴָӳķСȱ㣬̫ˣ
֪˵ʲô˵ǿʳν𡣡ĶҲ˼ˣʲôĵ顣
С㣬ҡһʱҲҲС㣬ֻǾ棬ԹĿʵ̫ˡ
֪ĶСٴЦ£ȻЩǣǿε飬ҲڣǸ˵Ϣ֪ԼûŪҾûУһİˣںս֮Уʲôأ̣ûиӦ˾ͿҪˣǻҪ׼һ¡
˵ţҡβͣĳȥ
ȫһݣϷضׯϵɫȴû˿η塣ȻһĶ

ǽôˣҪһ򾡰ɣ
ĳδмӰ
ͬǣЩĺӵ˫ȣǵࡣֻϸĻͻ֣ᷢϰûʲôͬǸϣװ˸ָ١
Ʃ磬ųβͷԺҲҲ಻ֻͬ۾ԲͻԵЩֲҲӵ໹Ҫӹ⻬ϸļ¶ϣȫһܼۡ
⽣壬˵ĵطҲֻһֿ˵ıŤȫֲͬĸо
һ飬˵ǸС椶ҲöԸֻܰΧѣȵʱˣһٳأеһ°񣬺ٺ٣ЩС椶Ҫϸۣˬˡ
˵һʲô峤ŹԵ𣿡
ʲô˵ŻϢͷСͷĿ֪һЩʲôĻϢڽ̸ţ峤棬̤أ˽ͨ࣬Ǳռ³
ʲôҲ鲻أһĵʵ
Ǻǣôܲ鲻ǲ鲻ҪһͣҪôһҪôһ࣬òֽͲĻȻֻܱ塭ţ˭˵СͷĿͻȻʶ˵˲еκһеǵ˲սȥ
ĸսʿҲͬʱγΧǸոȻ˵һֱ㹻ľ裬ȫȻûע⵽˽ӽ֮ĵزոˡ
һƬɺ棬߳һźµ࣬òƵǡ
𵤾壿СͷĿŵòûѵӵ
β֮⣬ȫûзֱ𣬶һ˽𵤾֮βͿԱ仯˫ȣӴ˸ҲûзֱСͷĿŻһϴ
ûбŵȫʧ˷磬˲ͷӦԣϵϢֻѣǸ࣬˽ͨ࣡
˵ңͳˣҹûԷľȣҲûʲô𵤾֮ģֻǺƽ˵Ҹûʲôϵ֮ǰҲֻǴӴ󴳵ϣǲҪǵ鷳
Ȼ˽ͨ뺣أһɶҪɱǾȻųԣǾһģСͷĿԲ۾޷תʱҪӶתˣֵǣץ˽ͨ࣬ȥͿ峤ˣοͣ
ͬһʱ¶̰ЦݣЦݾһſϳ֣Ҳǳ˶ģοͬʱű˶ĵϡ
Ȼһͷ˶ˣοˣҹʱЩθְ˰ҹϣһֶĵζҸϲѪζˣ
һССԪ΢ҶҪоȻҪһ𣿡СͷĿЦţ۷ľ磬˺ҲһֵʰʣҪһȫʬ֤ݣѾǵĶˣô˵಻ǺϲЩ𣿡
̣ҹŶԷ̯֣ҺѸ
ȥɣСͷĿӵն
ͬ⡣ҹֺãͬһն˳ȥ
ѵںˮзײ
СͷĿΪԼԪӻ񣬶ںˮУһûаҹɱҲһὫԷˣֻ֮Ҫű𱻶Էӵˡ
ȻҲֻԷһ뷨Ϊһʵǻ࣬ҪںڽǰӵǸһЦ
Ȼһ̣еǵˣѵӵԷǱɫķп
СͷĿˣֿ֣ĲֻǵԼҲһ屻ˮһ壬ʱƮȥ
ѪȾһƬˮҩһսʿ뵽һƬã֮С
㡭ɱǽˣһԲŵ
Уɱǽ㣬ҹŶԷ֣صȻ˳࣬ʵڲ˼⸱ݵĴڣҲˡ
úܲң˰ﶫ֮ڣҲûĵطӻ½أҲᱻɱһսʿڷӦŭߺ޵˵
ҰǷˣԸŹ𣿡ҹʵ
ǲܣ
ϲǵĳʵҹٴλӵһսʿն롣
ʣµĶ֪˲ͷӳԼǿٶȣֱȥ
ӲģѪܿͻеĸע⣬ĸ֣кܶ࣬㲻лᣬñǻҪΡ
һսʿӱߺǰȴȻðһɫβͣһ鷭ڵϡ


502 ɱʱ
˷ͷܣѾ뵽׵İ취ںףһʱǵʵпܻȲ϶Էˮܵٶȣȴܱͨȵġ
һȴˣΪԵĲͨˣҲֻһˡ
λսʿǰͳһ߶೤ĺɫߣӸոһβ޵֪һʵҲеߡ
սʿһʱ뵽Ĳôɱߣ׷ԼĲǸõˣովͲһӣֱһˡ
֮£ԶҪߡոһֻûзһεĻҲô׾͵Ϯ
Ÿոһ߹Ȼ漴ϣҪסȥ·һνսʿôöԷԸ鵶ն˳ȥ
˭֪Сֻһ˵̬ûǰȥڶԷӵʱҲſһɫ
ˮɢһˮֱӴڽ˽սʿ
ʱ䣬սʿǱ͵Բ۾ƴص£ݶҲûгˡ
ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ佣սʿȻǾ֡Ȼˣ飬ȴҲ˽
Էʵ̫ǿĸ֣˶ϵĻ϶κεĻ·µǣһﾹȻһ綾ߣˮ׵ٶȱ˿Ҫ׷ǿɾˡ
Сɱһսʿ֮󣬾ûٶˡСߣҹûٶǲһִԷҪ׷ɱ
һ̲סתͷȥһۣһһӰĨĺ
ѵһһУǲһߣһѻɵĵ
ѵĨսʿĲ֮̾һתۣһȥִһսʿĺϡ
ڶԷֵ֮УһɹɵҹУսʿһ촷ۡ
ҹٻ˰ҹüͷŵСڣѵôô죿Ȼһĺˣⲻıһħɣ
ʲôֵģһħˣСЩΪȻĦᰵҹڴܶߵʱħһħ飬û㣬նɱˣһһֱգ󲿷ֻʺϵİҹȻûγ飬ȴѾħʶΪһ㷨ȻҪö࣬ѵѾγˣħγɵʶȻҲЩħͨЩǺ飬ˣǸһɵġ
ԭҹͷŷͻȻǱβһϸȥ㾹Ȼ˵ˣ
ڵʯͷһ·ʶյ춴ôڿҲմ˲ٵĹ⣬ԾͽÿһЩҿأʲôɴСֵġСද˵
ҡҹһʱŶŶԷǶ㻹ǸŮİ
ʲô֣С̧ͷӵҶûǸġ
ҡҹߵسСͷϵһ£Сһûдǰɰˡ
Ӵ㻵С˦Դ飬ȴѸ˴ǰһ߶೤ӡ
ن£ڳЩɻûгأҪ췴ˣҹвɳɶ̣еԵӣ˵ҾͰ㵱ϵڿϣţᡣ
˵ҵģ˵ŮģҾ˵ǹģߡСڲ
ҹһ£û뵽仰˶ԷķֻЭðɣҳϣĸģҲҪĿڣǹġޣеġ
ðɣҾԭˣġСͷܵƤ˵
߰ɣƬҪɱ㻹кܶءҹ˿İҹħֻܾˣȻע⣬ڵĻʡ
ħɶԷҹս԰ЩתԼ˵ôȥֻҪҹһֱɱȥΪͲϵٶƱǰδеÿ졣
ҹվһɱ˿ħҲûҪַѸѵɶԷӣ˷ˣ϶Ҳٵ鷳
ħڵ綼ôǷǣοء
Ǹս˵Ҳ˼˴ĴڣòСһȿʲô˵
ں׶ԸЩȴһЩ˵֮󣬲õԼԪľˡСڽһ֮Ȼûʲô츲صı仯ȫһǿġ
ҪЩĴ㶼ɱ𣿡Сʵ
Щģô˵ҸǴ鷳Ҳֻܰˣҹ˵ͷδҪɱ⣬һҪɱóС
ҹʵȻн𵤸֣ҼһҲ򲻹˼ҰɣСڵĵ
򲻹ܰҹǺЦţҪַëүүսǵĸٶ࣬ҲһֵģǾͰЩȫ˵
ҪЩɣ𵤾ľ͸ǶˡСڵ
ЩĻֻҰˡҹ϶Է˵öԡ
а𣿡Сɻʡ
ȻЩĿȥЩ㣬ҲҪԸǵģһǺġҹЦЦг
ΪʲôЦô㲻ǿǸʽСɣСڲʵ
ȥĶѧĴʣ֪ͯ𣿡ҹֵһСԴ
ͯ񾭲ͯСҹϣͷţѾʮˣ˭Ƕͯ
ҹ
˵˵˭Ƕͯ˭ǶͯСڲġ
úúãǶͯҹòϣĻȷӱģ̲˰ɣ
װɵȵСߣڳˣߣֻ
⻹ࡣСڵ졣
ˣ˵£ΨһֵܸҲˣ˵峤úÿǱ廹Ҫһǧһ򱶣ҲֻܸǺҹСڵԴεҲҪǣǸո磬ʲôֲ֪ܣҪӳȥҲǧѣʱ䣬ܴܲһƬԼ
˵ͳ캣Сھȵ
ʲôе𣿡ҹʡ
ȻУ˰Сڵͳ컹ࡣ
ͳ㣬Ϊʲôͳǣҹʵ
˵ҲЩСҲ΢΢ͷˣǺףǧǿߣҪѡһǿ߳Ҳѡһģеĺǿ󡣡
Ȼҹڲ߱ںﲻǿߵҹҪЩ
Ǿֻܴӳˣ˵ֻܸҹֵ̯ڣɱʱˣ


503 
ͼҹˮŪĶҲȫ޷ѾԴĻƴ
忴Ϊԭҹֻһ¾ͿˣǲҪȥĶĽҪꡣ
ѾΪۣشļƻε峤ĶͼԼͬھͷ
Ȼ˫ڻصسﱸţƬȴһ޴ķˣһѪɫķˡ
ȥһʱ䣬ܲΧսʿȻѪϴһ顣
û֪ʲôǿ̵ˣһⶼѾµġ
ЩǿЩսʿһˮ﷭ͷΪ·ʱҲƴͼȥѰҵˣȴһֱûз֡
ֱƬ򶼱ǽѪζռݣǾȻ˵Ӷûпʵ衣
Կ϶Եĵ˲࣬Ϊ̫ĶжȻ󶯾ôĸ֣һȺɱһ춼ֲˡ
ɾôˣսʿҲòСĽ˼ţԷʲôֲĴڡ
ɱһսʿģδʲô֣ɱҲδأһ죬ɱٸȴȻΣκ˷ֵģǿ϶Ǹ֣Ǹеĸ֡
ҵЩ쵰пķĥһܸ߼Ľ죬ž޴ʯ
үǽ顭³ϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
ߵСëץȥʲô壬ΪĶֻᳪĸ𣿡ŭҲ飬Ҫ֪塢ʯ塢壬˭Ǳͱ˵ӣǲֻ־ǸԳ֣ҲȡʲôõĽ
ǣүϾȥ飡̵ͷ˳ȥ
ܲҪһټ壬ͻȻ岻òͣһԼıǲǻʲôѲĶ֡
ǺܲԼרĶԸʱȴ˴ӱͱһ
ڽĻ̻̣֪ʱҲͬЩԾĵط
С㣬ЩĽսʿͻȻֳʮĶС㱨£ݴ̽˵ٸ̽鱨սʿһһҹ֮䣬֪ʲôȫɱˣֵǣǸֵȻֻɱĽսʿȴûκһӣ˾ͺ񲻴ڣֻͬˮһ˭ֲ
Ǹ˿϶Ǵڵģٸ˲ɱĶͻȻ뵽ʲôѵ
С˵˭Ǹõ˱ˮ𣿡ᵽ˵ʱ򣬻ǲԾһüͷ
Ǹûйˣ˵ʵ̫ʵ㹻Ҳ϶ûֵʶǡ
Ҳֻ²һ£ٸĽսʿڵңɱ߿ԣҪЩ֣ǾЩˡĶ΢΢ҡҡͷЩѵ飬Ǹôõڽʲô㣿
ѰǸжֵˣȷǱȫ֮ǰӦòóȻǳ֣˵ʱҲһ£Ǵ̽嶼ûʲôһýԶеʵǽ𵤾峤֣˭Ҳ̶ֳȣԽĿһǺܿ̾ͻᷢˡ
ǳ飬ܶȼĻҲãĶ΢΢̾һ̣ȥԸһ£ҪſģԳߣǵȵˣǵĽ֪
С㣬ʣµˣҪߵĻѾ߹ˣȻڻûߵģҲ干Ȼ˵
ֻǸ干棬ͽһɣĶСĿﺬЩΣֻҲӦΪĸģǣӦŬػȥֻлţϣ
ȻŲϣΪʲôѡȥͻȻ֣ĶͶ̶һ
תͷʱ򣬷ҹѾ߲ɵľ롣ҹǿ»ûзֶԷ١
һ࣬뵽ɣȻһûУǶ̻ĶС㣬оһ죬ͬʱĵҲһ⡣
ԷĴɱĻǷǳǳΣա
㾹Ȼһѵú廹𣿡һҹ̾һ
ǰʵҶ֪ûдžҵײ嶼һнڽ壬ҪֻôһҪҲֻһȥ˵ùȥɣиǿǿѯʱ򣬲޷ӦԣҹûԷûɵֻƽ˵ʵڲ֪ΪʲôһصҲȷ벻ҵﺦ壿
㡭һʱϣΪԼ֪ҹ˵ûдһζڵľҹֻǷйһѣһҲƽ˵ĶǶԵģ˷㻹ڣ˽ͨͻһʵʱǺʴ˳֣ҲҲȲ壬׷ɱ壬ѵҪǣ
Ȼǣҹüëһ£û뵽һ࣬Ȼôص⣬Ϊӽ壬϶Ҳܵų⣬ҵõλСһűˮֳָ·ֻҪرѡ
屻ĺ׷ɱ˵Ļر̱ĵ
ǰҸмλѵʱȣ˵ûΪһ࣬ʱĨɱѾҷǳлҲʲôΣǵ飬ҹЩΣֻֽ̯͵ңΪٸսʿѾ㹻˵ҵĳˡ
˵ʲôٸսʿɱģ̵£۾ǵɵúһ
Ȼ˭ôأҹЦ
ģ˭ĵȥɱٸսʿǽ𵤾Ҳȥָĳ岻ݵ顣
һɱģĶȻҲܾȣһؼ⡣
⵹ǡҹ̹ϵ
ȻɱõȷǶһЩСڽĶҺЩ˵Ҳ־޴вн֮һĽսʿ־綾֮С
̺ĶһۣǻܹһЩҹһĻҲ̫ھˣϾĶǿߣ̹˵Լ
㶼Ǹʲô˺ɱٽսʿôҲȤиǿ߼˵ĿԶս𵽾Եá
ֻһѶѣˡҹش
˵ɱٸսʿһξʲôΪԣ˵ˣѵҲǺ壿


504 ӡ
һɱٽսʿκ˷Լ٣ǾٶʵϾˡ
ҹһˣö˶ƽһ£漴˵һɱģʵһ¡
һɱǾףһɱ٣һ˷֣㲻ǾףҲȥˣǸǽ𵤾ҹһܵȥĶʶ𵤾ǿߣ
ǣҹ˵ǸѲˣǶ֣֮ڣȽѺ֮⣬˭ҹһȥɱ
ɻţҹٿһڹ⣬Сǳ壬Ѿ̾ҹļͷˡ
ǡǰһûзСڵϢɵһ¡
˵ǸѣСڣǺ׵ĺ塣ҹ͵Ҳ֪Է϶Ϊһĸڰء
Ϊ࣬Ը𣿡Ķ˵ţȴ˸͵Ĺâ
֮ǰһֱҹ̫Ķ̣ҹ˵СʱҲ˼⡣
ⲻԸⲻԸ⣬СһֱҵѣҹЦЦСڵԴǲСһ
СˣæɿҡͷʾԼҹûʲôϵ
ҹͷϷߣĶͶ̵ϣֳȻɱֻҪҹһ̾ͻɱһ
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ҹ̯̯֣ǱǿĺţС߸ؼʱ̻Ҫһ´̫
ĶͶ̱嶼ֻǹɱҲɢˡ
㻹ǵƤ϶Ƴ壬ҲֻѣĻӦֻ൱಻ʮӰɣĶڿһЦСҹǰװ˵ӣƺоȤ
ȥһʮ궼СëѾͷȻ˵̱ģҹ
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Ķϣ¶ǰδеܰ飬ƺѾܾöûгôгˡ
ǸˣҲģ˼Ǹ֮⣬Ψһɰһࡣ
Ҿ͸䣬СವһڵĶļͷϣҹͷУŮҪСŶʵһɫǣ㿴ҾôСһСߣÿ춼˯һҡܻģǧǿ˵ƭˡ
ҹͷϵĺͣӣٹһ˶ᱻ߸û
ôģɫǣҲȥһڲСĸ߰ɣȥƷڲٰ㶼Сˡ
ƷϾΪʲôѧôִڣСڣûڣ
ôȻôΪʲôһֱĶƺҲһʱڵĴڴȤСߵѵϲ
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Ķɫ΢죬֪Լúܶ죬ҲǰӱȽĵطΪһʼڶԷ۾ֻ˾ȣûкܶаĿ⡣
ӱץˣͨǸҪȥ𣿡ĶҲע⵽ҹɫͻȻһͬĸо
СһΣֻصҹļϣСԴ΢΢ŲҹϣڶԸղ˵ĻǸ
ǻȽǰɣҹĬƬ̧̣ͷλٻҵ⣬
Ķɻ
Կý巢һ࣬ǣĺ嶼׷ɱǣҡҡͷοʵ̫Ȼǲ֪ɱٽսʿǱϾЩֻһҲԶûа취ӵģںľս֮УǵʵͲ岻֡
ҲѾҹСڣ˵ˮƽǰĶ˵ҹҲֻ鷳ȴﲻκεæ
λڻܷϢ𣿡ҹͻȻʵܲ̽鵽ҵΪ
ĶԶ̽ȥ漴˶ɻضһۣǶԷϵϢΪʵȻһ̽˾ȵǣǾȻҹϣһϢ
ǱǿߣֱҪģϢƭˡ
ôģĶȵʵ
ҹһЦȻСΪǿЩ¹ʣȴ̫˽⡣ȴף飬ȻÿܣʱΪֶΡڱǰݶѾð˼ķգȥеԭˡ
һԪԪЧ󣬵ȴģϢӣģòҹЦҲûԼܡ
ȻҲûȫ˵ԪģϢΣΪſԸСһɱٽսʿȴȫԷǿ߷֡
ȷǺ֮⣬ǺʴӦò˿㲻壬Ҳǽ𵤾ʵ´ŶԷ֮üҡͷվֻǶһ¶Էǲǽ𵤾壬ֻҪԷ̽һ£̾ͻᱩ¶ⷨӣ춼ƭ壬ڣ˵Ǹ峤ӿֵˣټֻƵýȴ
ҸǺҪĲҪֵ壬Ҫǳ𡣡ҹĿᶨ˵
壿ƾǵʵ𣿡ЩԼĶˣҹͷ֮󣬲׶ԷǷˣǸͲܣ
бѡ𣿡ҹֱӶԷ۾ֻҪһ죬ǾͲռص˼˽壬ֻܵһ챻𡣡
˵Ƕ塭Ķ̾һҲ΢΢ҡͷ
Աĺǿǵ̫٣ʵҲƫڸԱУһ壬ҹ΢΢ͷ壬Ǹǿһڵʵǣȷûʤ㣬ǼҺСڣҲֻǶѡ
ĶͶ̿ЦȻ㶼֪ʲô˵أ
ڵķӡأҹͻȻĶָ˽𵤾ʵѵɽ裿
㡭ô֪ĶȻһݡ
ܣٳٲҲֻڲϵ̽Ϊ֪Ϊӡûн


505 һͳǧ
ҹȻ֪ڽ𵤾֮󣬻˫ǿĶڵӣ֪Է֡
ҹ֪֪ŷӡ𵤾ΪӲѹƵǲ˼ˡ
Ķڱܵһֻ֮䲻֪Էôģ϶ûʲô⣬Ҳᵱ˵ˡ
ҶԷ֮Ҳ˽һЩҹƽ˵ܽϷӡĻ
ĶͶ˲伤Ȼ˵ɫ˼㡣
ָܻ𵤾ΪȻԿܲн壬һƴһսҶҪÿصĴĶʳ˼̻ϣҲŨŨŭ⣬ɼԽĳж
ˣͬھǸҪĽ˵ˣҪ׵塣ҹظ
֪ô룬ҵȻҲҪ壬ϧһָȫʢʱڵʵҲ޷࿹⣬Ķҡͷ֮һֱûֱӶ֣Ϊǽ𵤾ĻǾ޷ɹǲ븶̫Ĵ
Сڻǽ𵤾ǸϼһҲǽ𵤾ֻҪסС㣬ǵֵˣҲȻЩȻпᣬȴʵֻǺĶС峤һƴԱҲҪشԲֻѰһл̽ǷСΪӡţѾˣ޷ȷ֮ǰֻ᲻ϵ̽Ϊ飬϶һûᣬһ˵ģֻ֮ǰɱٽսʿЩš
Ȼ֪֮ǰʲôԣ֮ǰѾ˲ٵìܣ峤ƴսԷܱסڵ壬ԼԶ϶Ǹǽˣ϶ҲˣǲΪ֪ĶСΪܵӰ죬¾ǲҲܲµð˾Ųʮˣҹȴ¶˵ô򵥣ԭһҪٵĴֻҪ˺ˣȻһ̤ƽ壬ʱ䲻ϵ̽һҪŪ࣬һ棬ҲҪʾڲҲȽ뱻ĺ룬ŹµĿճǼơ
̺Ķɫ䣬ǶǵˣԶЩòٶˣǽ岻ȴ̽һɧţȴֲǵĸоĶΪ
ΪֻҪԷ鵽ʵ飬Ϳϸʱ䣬ɱҹһ˵ŷ֣½ҪʱˣΪǺڵһʱƴɱʹñܵ˴˵Ľٴܵ
壬Ҳֻشǵʱ򣬽ȥʱͷǳǳΣաؿܱߣǱҲܵΧһ
嵱ȻһֱڵȣſǸϼһƱã±忴ǵԲϵ̽ɧ塭
Ļ֮ǰҪΧ壬˵ƿҪˣҲȲ𣿡Ķҧ촽
Ȼ˵òһԣҲ࣬ҹԵͷǵĸоҲӦǶԵģܾܿͿҪˣԽûֵĵһʱ䣬ͳ
ĶͶ̵ɫһ֮ǰЩ֣˵ҹ𶯵ʱ򣬽Իٶ壬ڲ鿴ԭΪɣڡ
һֱǾһ죬ҹĻԼɵ֮󣬽嶼ûĶЩңڿȴһԤʾûҪʱǴ
壬ӿʼڵʾǴشԷѵʱܲ˰ûڣ
Ķ촽ҧһ˿Ѫҹ˵ǲΪȥڣΪ岢֪ôһʱ䣬ȴҿԽ⿪ķӡ
Ķ۾һոֻ˰գȻְôҪһиˡ
ܽ⿪ĶЩŵʵ
ϾҹֻһҪ⿪ڵķӡô׵顣
ԣֻҵԪ̫Ҫʱ䣬ҹ϶˵Ҫٴһ飬Ϊ⿪ӡΪԱȥش壬˵ǸҪǡ
峤Ķʲô֣ĶûȥǿԼ飬ͻȻʵ
ҽҹոմһС紫͵ҹ
ɱٽսʿ֪Щ֪ȥȻȫˣĶƽȴû̫ɫӻתΪʹǺɱĽ˵ܾڻָˣҾȫʢʱڣҲĶ֡
ǺǾһҪǣҹ϶صһ˵ȻУǲ֪һҡ
ֻȻҹ˸Ĺۣɻ̲סѵ
һ˵ܶսĻ̵ȷǲŵġ
ٸôģȻһ𣿡ҹЦ
ΪԪҡͷֶ˵͵ϮЧܽɱһĽҲֻ˵ǶԽ𵤾ˣǿߣͲܱɱ
ֻһ˵ĻȻɱ𵤾һ𵤾æֻǵǹƥĻǾûʲôܵˡҹ˵
δ̫һЩǲ̫š
֮ǰٸսʿǱһɱ𣿡ҹȻЦЦҳϽ𵤾ɱܹҪһ£ԷͬھУֺηһܲɱԷأ
֪һǣ浽ͿܳΪĹУ˵ǽ𵤾񾳣ҲֻĶѵ
˵ˣ֮⣬Ӧò˷顣ҹ֪Էʲô˼
ҹˣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡СͻȻֿڵ
Ϊ֪ԲŸҪ飬ҹһССĽ𵤾Ըˣǵ½ϣʲôʸȥļҪˣ
֪˵㣬˵ҪģҪɱЩ㣬ҲֻøɱˡСε˵
ֻΪ˻ر֮ǰһűˮٸսʿѾ´ˣĶͻȻʵĳɹˣҪôر
ˣʵҹôɫģӺƯġСڲ
ĶҲһ˿ɫԴ˼Ρ
ҹȴ֣ص˵壬˽أһʯ壬ͻ壬ЩеأһŲҪֻϣгһգҪֵ֧ʱһ֮
˵ʲôҪһͳǧﺣ𣿡ٴξȵ


506 ̽
ǧڣռţҹ⻰ҪеĶ֣ͨͨ
࣬ȻҰĵ尡
ˣС㣬Ŀ޴ż£˵Ƿ徳ں򶯵ΪƬһҪڲ鿴ҪСӭӡһСŮӣŻŵܹھȵؿҹһ֮󣬲żæ˵һ顣
С㡭д˵ǡ
վˣĶ۾ﶼ֮ɫȥɣȻûҵҪôҰģ
Ҫҹȴסȥܰѿ޴ôһܿ״̬Сĸ϶ϵľҪˡ
ôܶùȥĶҡͷ̾˿һ޿϶ӲҿҲһ֪ڸûжԿʵ˵ܰҽӡѾˡ
ҹ˵Ҫʱ䣬ɽô׼죿
Ǹ޽Ըˣҹɫ糣˵Ļȴ˶Էһ
ҲڣûκλĻᡣĶ֮ǰϣѾȫϨˡ
޲㿪սҹֻǷʱûоٶĻͻỳ֮ǰĶٶȻҪʱ䣬ܲһ£˭ڱ֣ȻǿܻҪ֤ʵһ£Ǹɱٽսʿˣǲġ
ôĶŰȭͷ֮ǲٸǼʱ䣬ȥǵӡƴͬھ
ͬھҹòٴξԷҪǣŲţҶһᣬǴھ͸ԷƴˣٵһӵʱôҲܺܺõؽ⣬ٳƴҲ١
ĶͶ̶һۣĶ˵ͷ

ĴĹһƺֻòһ㡣
ֻʱĴΪ˥䣬ڴǰĻ֮У˼
һͦθߴˣʱⲽڴ֮УȻǰ̽Ŀˡ
еĽһһ͹۾ͷβķʽһѱһսʿĹǽ
Ҵ峤ҲһƬƺԼĴǳָڴ̷СѾ峤ȻҲŲʣҪѺʴڰʱ֮ǵ峤֣Ҿ͵ǶԺʴ˵ƣѪϴɣ
СѾ۾ŭֻ֪ؿҲûʲôôֻñ졣
ôһССѾͷôȻҪ췴ˣָСѾͷɫûУ۾ôСʱ峤Ҫе߹ǣ峤ֵʱԱ߲ҽи
СѾȻȥͲȴҲ˿ûηɫҪŭʲôʱͻȻӴ洫
ʲôʱСƬ͸Ҹ𾴵ĺʴᲢˣ
ҹӵ󻺲˳
Ŀһ޵۾Է˲͸оǿʶѹȻҷĸо
ò״ָоѳѵ̧ͷʲôˣҴǵãôһ
飬˭˭һֽ˽𵤾ȻûҪȥǽ㱨ҹǿ﷢мĿⶼöɨԷһۣһССȴڿҪ峤ٲȥͱҲˡ
ţ޸ǻһŭϴڣԴӽƬûбӹ
ǰˣ͸ŹϢȫ͸ԷǳĻ˫ȣ֤ԷѾǽ𵤾
𵤾ǿߣֻҪһָͷܰóȻͷŭ
Ҹǽ峤ǧﺣк壬ҪܣǺʴ˶µĹأǿѹʣѵ壬Ҫƺʴ˵𣿡
һξ㣬ҹȫȻûԷвǸ߰ڿԼ°ͣһʴ˲ֻۣ̽һ߳壡
˵ڵһνͷ΢һ£ʴ˵Ĺأеĺ壬ͨսõĵλɲ˵ֻһĵλźʴ˵ͷ˷ˡ
޵Ȼһ壬Ҫսǽ𣿲Ҫ֮ǰǵĲ״Ǹ׷һ·Ѿ壡
ҹЦţͻȻһָָ⼸ҪԷıϣûݳޣԲʱ̶أµòҾ½Ľ𵤾Ҫ峤ֻʤңʸȥ峤ҿǣ˵һССǿǸˣҲһһĽѵɣ峤˻ڳ񾳣Ҳʱ֦Ļھһ㡣
ǡҪ֮սȫû뵽ε̽ȻõǿӲĻӦ
ʵҹ˵һֱȽţĶܵ˷ķӡΪʵ֮ǰɧţһֱĶĳ֣Ǿ͸ȷһ㡣
ΪҲˣǲû̳ȥ壬һٳ峤ǰԱ״̵˽졣
ڿԼеĽ忴Ȼû𣬵ֻҪſ峤һأ̾ͻӺʧ
֮ǰֻҪûбֳҪǳļĶͲᶯҲֻбķݶ
һˣҹ˵ĻܸоԷڿЦֻҪٸƶԷ˾Ի̳֡
Ϊ峤ͱŵȥ֮ʲô棿Щ£֪ǰĶðòƽ𵤾᲻ֱӳ֣ʱҲֻܴĶԷҶɱˡ
ҲȷЩɻ˵ǽ𵤾ǿߣڶϴһսУǽɱɱϵķϣӵӣһսľᾡ
ʱ֣һΪԼҲҪʱֹضˣһ׼岻зĻᡣ
ҹĳ֣ÿ޸ӻɣھðգҲҪԶԷĽ
һ𵤾ǽ飬Ҫһκӡɲģ峤չʾһ𵤾ƴһսʱ򣬿Ըִв
һսѾ̫ʱ䣬ҹſ޽ŵӣĵЦţǸϼһﻹţ̾壬ȵ峤ͻ˻֮󣬾ǽ֮ʱ
岻ʧġԲ۾Ӧһ䣬̧Ŵ֮ȥȫȻʲô뾳飬ΪŸ
˵ͬʱеĹǽͻȻһն


507 ˣ
޴纣һĽȻҹһֻһӣȴ˿ȫʩչɱУͨҲԽӲ
һ壬һҪ壬ʹǲնɱٽսʿֵʱ䣬ʲôľٶҪһ̽嵽ʱһҶĻҲ֤ĶҲʧȥв
ܽ廹ǻ׳ٹ򣬵ܶ鶼ԱøӴһЩ
û뵽ҹҶԷ̬ǰδеظߣߵԷûǸ𵤾ĸ׶һ
޲廹ָ֣Էֻĳطʹ俴ǽ𵤾ӣʵһͨ塣
ȻģҲΪ϶˶Էɱ˵ſŻһ壬֪ǽ
ǽ峤ĶӣҲҪ̳峤ݣǽɱˣƱػᱻǧС
һնü죬˿һѧľ
ȣҪ׶ֳƵģ⽣УѾ˼ֽ𵤾ʩչͨӡ
һĲֻҹҲһֱĻۿĶ̺Ķ
ʵ벻ҹʲô취ܶԸޣΪǺ޵ΪˣȻСĽҲǽһŻһ£öԷһĽɫ
Ȼ޳ֵʱʵǿĶɫصؿһ־Լ֣ȻҲҹﲻ߬
ҹûжȥǸӡ
ĶѾ۾Ѿ¶ģҹնɱޡ
Ȼ۾ʱȴֳЩ졣ҹվǸûжһҲ
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ǿ޻ŸոջӵƣĶҪΪոյֻǻþû˶һ
ССҲҵǰŪ
ҹ˵ˣȻ˵󣬵һһʮ㹻֤û
㡭ôģЩҪ۾ĳ嶯
ûԷǽ𵤾ҲһᱻǾ벻һûһ
Ҫʲô̶ȵˣܰƵһڻѩһϢûоѾˡ
оǽ𵤾׿Ľ𵤾Ҳһ㣬ɶԷˡ
һ˲䣬ޱವĸоӶýӲڸոǾ䱾ʳĻûָܵõ𰸣ֻϣܻ߻ȥ
˵峤չڼ䣬ֳʲôҹǰе⵽˿޵ߣǼȻŴңҲҲòһӦ浱ֻڸϷˡ
˵ţҹȻ̧һ˳ȥ
һߵò죬ÿ޾ǣҪʱȴԼȻ㲻
Էǲһţôؿţߵȥ
顭
޸ߴ壬񱻻ײһշ𣬷߰ٶʮȵĸѶ֮ȥˡ
Ǿ仰ȥ֪ͨһǼҵ϶ҪսĻһ峤ͻ˻񾳣Ҳûκλˡҹضһ仰תŴȥˡ
ǿӵֻ۾˿־壬ոֻվŰĸоʵµС
ûˣһ֮̽⣬Ǽһǽ𵤾ˡ
ĵĽŲһȳһյȥԼûз֣ղƵʶԽԽ죬ҹᷴڰץȥһ
嵽֮Щȴֻſƿŵսʿǣ̵ŴΧ£
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峤ǽȥˣȥô֮ȶȳˣүүˣģȥǱˣһ
ĶǶүߴͣүȥ˻ɣһСͷĿҲƨ
ŭ
ȥŤģôŤȵа߹Ƕζ˺öö
ү˵ĶǶȻ۾󣬵ǡһƨȵģ˿ûԷɫѾڱıԵϣ˵š
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ʢŭʱ򣬻ûϸڣһһһյˡ
ԭǸûɫļһһʱֻֻ۾һһСǡ
췴ӦŲ޾ԱߵˣүǡͻȻԼϲɣ
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ҹߵ˴棬ĶͶһֳۣźСѾͷʵ𣿡
ˣŻأСѾͷ˷ܵþöûô˼ˡ
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ĶҲ֪²øְ֪СѾͷˣʵ˵ô
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ҹһҲգ쾵˼ٽսʿԪû뵽ˡ
ȻԭҲΪҹ޷ȫƿ쾵⼸˵Ԫ۳һֱӰѿ޸ɱˡ
׵İ취Ǽװ𵤾ѶԷĹ֪ػǾҪƾ쾵
ʵ֤ڵʵҪĹЩǿ濴ҹ˿û£ʵѾ˲ڿ޵ˡ
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㾿ôģĶ̲סֺ
Ҳһַѿ޵ĹɵҲһļޣ̫ϧˡҹźš
쾵Ԫһֱգһ֣ͿԱҹã߷صˣҲԡ
ϧɵʵ̫ҹò쾵һ֣޷Ѹٻ⣬ֻӲµ
Ҳ˵飬ɲҹ۰


508 ֲ
ĶͶȻ֪쾵˵ܰĹ˲Ҳɾѡ
ҹڴ󺰿ϧһ󺹣ı£Ȼ㣬ҪչĻǲ޵
ҪЩʲô𣿡ʵ
ˣСˣһӦùҹ˵ʱѾڲϵתս쾵ﴢڲ޸ԼˣҼòӦûмʱĿУһ£ǲˣ֮ǰĺ
Ķһ£ȷһ£νĺҪõʲô
Ұ壬ȡʯ塢ͻأΪǧﺣҪʱϣܽյҹ̹Ȼ
˵Ľú½أȥɱһƬǳǿºѣĶ¶ɵɫӦֻ֪ˮǿģ𵤾ĺ壬뿪ˮ֮ս֮ǰһ붼ﲻҲܳʱ뿪򲻵Ϊġ
ˣҹֵûúȥ࣬ҲҪսʣԾȥ飬ĻȫԾܾҽпܵãǱĳЩˣôһ죬ȥǵʱҪŵԼһȥǡ
˭Ķ棬ʲôҹôıǮֻΪ˵õԼһŵ𣿡
ȻҵãмѡҹûʲôԼҵ⣬Ϊ֮಻òֿ飬˽һ顣
ҲԺģİ˽壬պҹĶѣҪˣӲȻ㾡ȫĶָ죬ָϷտĹâһϣŵĺУսһһ䣬Ҳһǵѹͬˣ
Ҳź񣬵˵ĻҹԷӣ֪һֺϵķʽһκκ嶼ٷڣ⣬Ųôһ죬ֵָסĴѣǾɣֻҪסҵѾͺá
ĶȻһЦȴǼᶨҡͷȻԣǴӴֿ֮ѣǾᱳԵġ
ҹпͷȻҵԵ壬ʵǲа
ǣֻ˿ѪԷѾʼģҲ̫ƭˣҿԼǶ˶Ǯأ
ҹٴθпôǸ˰
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Ŀ޴һƣҹԶѪǽ𵤾ô죿޻ƭȥûô˰ɣ
ҹ֪ԷڵʲôҲصͷ⼸ʱ䣬ҪúõãҪɱǸϼһﲻףұֻ֤Ҫˣһ
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ҹûһѪ־ᶨ˻ȥǱƣʵ֮ʵ֮ܶʾ֮ܣܶʾ֮ܡ
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ڵͷͻȻ£ȻͬһƵҡͷһ̹׵
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ĶҲˣô͵˶ֵزʵǵό˿լеð
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÷Ķ۾һ
ȷܴ󣬵ں׺˵õƷ׸ߵķ֮ǰһŷΪķűƵ峤ԱֿǷȴĶֻʣ
Ҫֱɱһ𵤾ôǿķҹַܻǻָΪ֮Ҫôǵأ
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ҹҲҡͷ˵Ķ峤ĲˣȻǻǽС㣬Ѿ峤ˣǿԼͱҪһЩˣһҪʹʲôô죿ɱ˵ҪˣûʲôµģµĶɶأܶа񳬺Ҳ̫࣬ǺҲҪСһС
ʹˣҪרҪԼҪʹǰԼ·𣿡ĶЦȷʵ벻ϱµģʲô
ҹ˵ǿɶˣɿŶԷЦݣҪȥȾŮˣðɣ㲻űˣ֮飬ԼİΣȫһ˵ϣΣĹͷҲУҪѡԼȥȨ
ðɣϣ˶̺һ֮⣬ҴӦ㲻ٶԱȫˡĶŵ
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ĶһЦ̷ԸȥȡԼҲת֪ȥ
̿ĶӣҲοһЦ
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509 ҹ
ҹ飿֪Ķ뿪϶ȥЩԴҹû뵽ԷȻһóһСҹ
ǿſŶӤȭͷСҹ飬гӿҹֲ̰Ƶˣ̲סˡ
С㣬⡭ڸоԾˣô²װɣ
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Է̾˿ÿˣʱ򣬶һ飬ӣǳΪʵӶøͬǵıҪҪˣٻһˣˣҲȥκ˶ûа취ȣ֮Ҳһ˽𵤾ϵˣȴЩ𵤾ǰ飬ҲĶ
̣׸˵ģЩǰҹ飬ЩŵˣĶתͷҹҹʮҹ飬Ҳʮ𵤾ǰ֪һʧģԲԣ
ѹɽ󡭡ҹҲⳡýĨһ²ڵĺˮĶ峤Ȼһ㾡ȫЩҹ鶼óҳʵ̫˷ˡ
ЩĶ˵ʲôͻȻͣһüʵԣ
ȿȡҹٵؿţ׼ȷ˵Ҫ㹻ԼΪȻڴ÷һԼʵ̫ֻܽһЩҪ׼ʯҩԭˣЩҹ顭˵ʵҺ޳һЩϧҵƤû㹻ĺȣʵ̫ˣ㻹ջȥɡ
С㣬ҪĶˡ
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ҹ壬ڤڤеһְţұҲѾ˽壬ʮҹ飬Ϊ͸л񣬡ĶɫʮƽȻѾ㵱ѣлȴǲٵģοЩҹ飬ȫΪģĽǰ֪ҲʮԸΪ˶ġ
ҹɨһʯ촽ȻˣҾͲˡ
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С㣬ý𵤾ҹСָ֮ǰΪ𣿡̲ʵ
ǿԵĻȥˣĶҡͷӡɵԪԪ۸࣬ҵΪôָܻأ
ǿֻܵȴҹôָСΪˡ̾˿Щʧ
İɣҹҵĸоԽԽǿңţǶͬһˣ˵ûʲôǿֹǵġĶŵ
С㣬˵Ǹˣʲôأԥһ£վʵС˵ΪʲôѵʱС㲻أ
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ʱ򣬱˵ǽ𵤾ҹ飬ǻ񾳵ҹ飬Ҳ˿ϧʱֻͻ˵˭Ҳ֪Ⱳӻûлˡ
Ķ峤һ֮ҹ˹
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Ķһ֪ҹͻƣ㶼ҪΪԼһԪˡ
ˣﻹǲһ˿ĿֻţΪԪɵٶ̫ˣΪһĸ֣ǱܵķӦ
Ҫ⿪ڵķӡ
ҹ֪Է˿̻ʲôʱ˵


510 ּ
Ķ˿̶ҹѾ㹻ΣܵΣյʱ򣬼ÿ˱ܵػȥѡ񷴿ǲҪǵġ
ҹһܼʱ׼ҪǿжҹԪĶ̾ԭ뷨ǿڵľ⣬Ԫҹӿȥ
ꡭ
ĶԪҪҹ龡ʱ·˵һ
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ӡȷѾҵľָˣڳԪЩ֮⣬ûκˣĶοһЦĿгţұ;𵤾Ҳûλ׽٣һף˵ûʲôõģֻҪ֮ٲһЩҵʵܿͿ֮ǰһҪʤ֡
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511 
֣һ֣ͣƽôŵǳԴҩһ㣬
ں˵׽ȻǿֲĴڣȴεĶΪ׽֮󣬾ζǽ̤һ֮У൱һε̥ǡ
ǰʱ岻ûпֻţһڴԶ˷ܵؿţǿδ
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εƺ̫һЩǼֱǴµ׷ˡ
ǰֱ۴ֵĵ⣬һٶô֣һֻһôֵĵ⣬ź׶
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ԣһֱоﲻԣʶˣˣΪʲôͻһһһô춼һҪ֮һ㣿
Ķһ£漴Цһǲֻ֪ҹԼˡ
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ҹ˿̵ȻѾվͷͷϵСֻСƺǱǰһЩǴ˿ȴԵЩ
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Ķ˶ĿɿڴţС飬쵽һ̶֮ٿ仯һ£ģһģһС
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ԪߵһɲöԷΪԼڳ˻ռԷıˣ֪ĶҲԼ˼ɻҪһɡ
Сû°ɣ̲֪еԵʣæĶѯʡ
û£ҹ׵֮Ϊٴδ壬Ϊ˲֮ǰҵ׽٣ҵõĺôȴҪһЩĶȻЦһм䣬һҹ鵽ϡ
º͵İ׹ʱĶ壬ͬϸһɴͰƤҲ͸һ㣬˶ȥһ۶Ҫһ㡣
ͬʱĶβϹâʢܿóƬâ֮Уβ䶯š
׹һ֮䣬βײȡ֮ģĶ䣬µһտɫ˿ɴֻǵ˴м䡣
£һ˫ֱ޳ֱκһ覴õȣɶ칤ϸƷһ㣬¶ɳе㡣ϾµָףһſСǰ㣬ŽɫԹ⣬˫Сųе÷
ҹûʲôаҲòϣ˿̵Ķǰ˼ջ֮
ллˡĶҹ΢΢һ
֮ǲ˵ллġҹЦ
ĶҲһЦҾͲлˣ
ҲҪл֮ǰǵ׽ٱģҵԼ̫ãǿҪлĻҲлġҹ
֮Ҳǲ˵лġĶ
ߵķ׶һġҹ
ɫǣ˸Ů˵ˣСವһУ͵ĶĴȡ
ۡȿȡҹǺòû
ûڲٵСڣôһ˵͵ԷƵġ
СѾˣôƤĶûô⣬ƺҲ֪Сϲһ㣬ҹľӣôȥֱӵоοѾİŮӣô޳ܵˡ
ҹЦĶҲô˵ôһ˵ôڷƵģ˰ɣ
ĶӣǶʲôɼҹƤҲǹһӾ͹ȥˡ
СΪָˣ˶лĴǱѾ°ݡ
ڲԶŮҲ֪ʲôŶһ
˺ˣҹæǰס̣ǱߵĹأ֮ȷϲллȥģǴ԰ҲһԱ㿴ͻƸ׽ñĶ峤ҪүϲңҸһݺˡ
һЦȻ֪ǶԷЦԺЦ治Ǻϰߡ
ʱȻҲȥƽϣ˵е˼ҲˣϸӲ˼صǸ֮ǰ·ʱвγԷ̣ǶԲס
ҹ֣ЩͲ˵ˣ˵ʱ̫ͻȻָǴһ鷳ǾңҲӦõģǶǹȥˣڻ˵˵֮Ҫôɡ
ΪָǸһսҲȫˣĶͷǣĿᶨҹСڵİǶȻ԰ѽΪҸ׺ȥǿ߱𣡡
ڻǸǿսʱҵΪ̫Ҫɱ˿ҪŷɣҪɱԷǲ̫ܵģֻ˵ܵˣԺһҪ֣ͱһɱκκ֮ǣҹ
ǸĶʵ
ֻǣڿңҹʵ
Ķ˶һۣתصҹϣˣԼ㶼䣬Σ㹻𣿡
ҹһЦģҾṼһΡ
Ը̵ͷ
ҹΪĶӡһ˿ģҲѾʧˡ
ĺ壬ûкޱеײУҲеĽթҹҲǿһ㣬ŻҪԷ嵱Լʵĵһ˵ġ
Ǻãھʹ壬ţΧĽ壬ͨͨߣˡŶ翹ģɱҹ
΢΢üͷЩΪѵĶȥ
ô鲻ð𣿡ҹʵ
ᣬæͣҲǻʲôֻڵҪΧŵĽ嶼ߣ²ôףǽ˼ɣҸԾҲռĺóģǽ޷㣬Եʱصģ»壬䲻յľս֮ǰϣܾһЩΪá
ģǲȫǣ


512 רҵ
ҹȻ֪ԷڵʲôȫΪȻˣǵĶ峤ѾָΪһ𵤾ǽôռõˣ
˵峤Գ֣峤˲ҪսʱͻȻ𣿡ʵ
Ķǵ峤ֻеһ𵤾֡ҹЦ
⣬ҹ̾һֵĺ˵Ҫֱ׵˼߶Էа
˵ǣĶ峤ñϲĶˣҹϸ˵ϴᵽýϿּǣһΪ˼֣ȴûа취һֱӵЩֻ֣ԼȻǲǣҲҪһ¼ȵǿ
ˣԳô죿Ķ˼Щġ
ǳ֣Ҳֻ̽ڲм֮ǰǲսģҹָڰҹôţǶֻǿ뷨и׵ĻᣬǾð̫ķգĳ֣Ķ峤㵲סУȫˣԲ׷
Ķǵ֪ͬĶ֮⣬Ľ𵤾֮󣬿ԲҽأҲҪ᲻᲼ʲô塣
ټ֮ǰҹһ߷ɣԷҲҹ˽𵤾Ҳ˵徳ڣٶ𵤾ܻиࡣ
Ҫ֪һ죬׽ٿɾΣһαһңһαһƺƴ󣬹һ㣬㹻Żˡ
һ൱Ḷ́ÿ嶼ǵܣ˭֪ûʲôʵطأ
Ķ峤ҹ˵
ҹ㲻ôֱӽĶͺãĶʾʲôҪ𣿡
Ҳûʲôֻ֪֮Թڲ˽ʱ˽ķЩС㣬ɱҲɱˣ˿޺ͿҪͼȥɱԷҹ
ףĶͷʾԼע⣬Ļҿ޷ɱԷ˿ޣȫɱ
Ϊҹæٴǿɱ˿ޣǸϼһ˵߳ŭһȫʲô˼ɲ˼ɣֱӾͳɱ˹ǲǶֻҪɱ̫ǵĽǣҲҺһִ⣬Ϊ峤ǧҪ¡
ĶһðɣһģֻɱЩС㣬˿ޣȽѵһ£ɱ־ˡ
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ĶͷİɣҹźˣʱɶǱģоġСڲ˵
ȿȡʵҹܸоǲڿء
˭Ըһרҵ򽻵
ţİɣ˵ҹİţһɱǵġĶٴȷ
ҹԷƽŷö̷Ըȥ׼һЩҪĶ
û뵽ǣЩ򵥵Ķ徹ȻҲ
ҲǣīִֶֽõҲˣοں׵塣
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֮£ҹֻ붬취ɲһġ
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ţ⵹һð취ĶͬȻѪҺΪ֮ڷǳʱڣҲֻܱˡ
С㣬ȥ죬Ӧһڻõıʣֻһ£ñĶˡ
˵ҲʮΡĪ˵壬ǿķʦҲǿĸˣǰ徹Ȼһ֧ӵıʶò
ҲҺҹƽЩǻһǿķʦֻһתܱˡ
ѪҺ󹦷ѾãĶ峤ͷȻû˭ܾġڱʣҹһ£û˿ɴ֮Ķ棬ֱָΪʡ
վڴһ֮ǰҹжѪ룬һ̧ҧԼָѪҺ֮һմָȾѪ졣
̺ĶͬʱһĶϸһƬ졣
ôҹתͷЩɻһۡ
СҲתͷҹķûпʼأôôȣ
ûûʲôĶЩ˼㱣ȴҲûж˵ʲôӰҹ
ҹҲû⣬תͷͻȻһθĶˡ
մѪҺָصϣһ˿˿뵽֮СǷ˸΢ѪɫâǱĳҹ̵ۣһ
һӵı淺𣬽һµ״ǲĶˣҲоµ⾳Ҫһ㡣
ֱҹһʣâ֮ȫһƬհס
ֻһҹ㻭˴ʱǾ￴˴ʱֱҹ֮ŷӦ
𣿡Ķʵ
ҹ̲סЦֻһҪס𵤾Ҫȫ꣬ûмʱ䣬ǲȫõġ
ĶףΪʲôҹ˵Ʒ֮ǰҪʯˣȻһķѵ࣬϶һ˱Ԫ֧ġ
ֵĻʶ֧ŵס𣿡ĶȻҲ֪ʶ֮ģԪҪӿֲһû˭һһֱơ
ʶԪֲ֮ͬҪָҩûУֻϢУҹȻûоʶָ
İɣҴûаյ顣ҹ˵ѾһȥȥʰЩɡ
Ķ֪ԼҲﲻæֻþ߳˴ѡ˼սʿΪҹ
۷κ飬һҪ֤ҹİȫκˣԼȥŵҹһΨʡĶһ峤ǴϺ
Сǣ峤νԼǰģ·ǣҲһҪ֤İȫκͼˣƱҪ̤սʿʬ壡
̣Ķת֮Լϻûһͨ·沿Ҳص˿ɴȫס߰ɣЩռأɱ˵֣ѪĴ


513 ᲻úײ
֮ڡ
һǿϢ涼˾޴Ĳ
ֻⲨֻһ֮Ѹٵ
ףѾȫˣΪƺ޿ŸոճأϢǰǿĸףҲ̲ס˼ϲɫ
ţ㾹Ȼˣǧﺣ֮ڣ˭㣿ѵǿ̤ǵ𣿡һ۱㿴ˣȻ˿Ѿָ˲٣ԶԶûȬ
ǡ޵𼸷߲֮ɫܣǱһظ˵ġ
壿޾޴úȵ۾Ҳ徹Ȼ˵ĴڣѵĶǸѾͷûбӡΪ
ĶԴһս֮󣬸ױչˣҾͰո׵ķԸϵɧأҲϵش̽ڵϢĶһֱûгֹҲ֪ô֮ǰôɧţǶûκεķӦıӡˣǰ죬徳ͻȻײһžҵ𣬸˵֮ϢҾȥ̽
ϸ㱨֮ǰȫûзӲҹһ߳飬Ҳûи˿
˵˵Ϊȴ𵤾е˫ȣĴ۾һֱţԵЩ졣
ǵĸףҵʱҲƲڼװ𵤾û뵽ȫһûеһͱΣ˵ʱһĿ־壬һƽƽ棬Ҿ޷ƶ壬Ǳһ߳ˣҪġ
ɫȻأ˭Ҳ֪ʲôɣһشۿҪѶԷɵͻȻ֮䷴˹۵ĶӸҧˣҪҪ˹ʱ϶ˡ
˵֮ϢͻȻʵ
ǵģ֮󣬾ûзǸټǽ屻ɱսʿܿǸײΪǴһֱûв鵽֣Ҳҷɶ˵ľ衣޻ص
Ŀ΢΢һЩƺǵõһЩʲôߣʮа˾ţǸˣЯײࡣ
ǡ˵ʲôȴ׻ִˡ
һЩ൱ģ˺ʴ֮⣬ЩΪµĺ壬ķȻһǸ˿϶÷ԼΪϢϲĳֶ㣬ҲӦòǽ𵤾ŶԣǵĻ϶ɱ㡣һ˿
ࣿǹĺû᣿һ󼤶ĶΪӡٸҳ֣иڣ㹻ʰһ𵤾Сӣʱ˽ͨͨȥǱԹǵˡ
˵òǸСӿ϶һֱϵʲô֪Լһֱ壬ǿܱĶǸСѾͷסϣŻӦæߣֻϧһǵĻˡ
ǡڿϲԼƶˣǺȻһ飬˸ף˶֮ķǵǿֱֲͻƻ񾳲еƣǲǡĶͻ˻˰ɣ
ŶɫҲǾ䣬Ϣô㱨
ҡⲻǲŸոճĶ㱨ȥ
⡭ǸŪơ˵⻰ʱԼ̫ţȷȷʲô󣿡
ʮֿ϶ʱһ˽ȥ̽һ£ںԶĵطѾܵл壬ô֮أ
ɫˮŲӡΪǸթû뵽徹Ȼ֮ͻƣôأ
ߣҸһȥ忴һ
峤ˣո㳲ǽرԵսʿ˻з̾ͱԷǿ߸ɱѾʮˡʱһ̽ӻŻر
ʲô徹Ȼҷŭ漴ʵûпһòƽ𵤾ӣ
òƽ𵤾̽룬ҡͷûУһŮǿߣȥȷǽ𵤾ǵսʿҲôң͵סԷһ
ֳһ𵤾ŮӣʱоԼӲˣϿϢ
ûУ̽λشø죬Ů棬˭ϵϢŨңǿߣ
ȭͷʯͷϣŭ֪Ҫȥ
Ūһö߽׷Ű峤ƵԱؼǽĵ̡
Ϊ֪ԷûʲôŷЩȥӲдû뵽̶̵ʱ徹ȻֳµĽ𵤾
֮½ǿߵĵǲ͵ǽĩյ
ףǸǺã޿һֱĬɿʵ
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޿֤˿̻ףҸͲǽ𵤾Ķ֣ǸصˣҲǶԷĶ֡
֮ǰһսӰʵ̫ˣЩȥ壬ȥսʯ壬ߴ壬Ҫá
֪㲻Ķ֣ҵҪ᲻ɱ㣬뵽һ⣬Ц㶼ɱǾ֤ȷẈ̂ǲҵĻ˵ֻǹǿƣǸ𵤾Ҳδؾģ֮ǰǾƵ壬ߺߣƭҿŶûС
ޱȵ⣬һɫ峤۰ĶӣôоԼǳ仰͵ġ
֮ǰҲۣˣ峤˻ۻҪٳһλѣ˷ѡ
ôûȥȥ̽Ǹ𵤾Ůˣ׸Ҳɱ㣬ҪסһҪԷŭֱ޵ҧгΪֹֻʱ֪Էǲĸɱ㡭ڽ̵ţͻȻЩɻŶӣţӣ취òԷҧгݣԼҧȥȥ
йƤһؾͳˣҧ飬ҲǷȥˡ
˵ʲô¶ݵ峤ȥһ̽Է˼ô
Ҳû취ų峤۰ģһ۰ģѡһ۰ģ˭峤˶Ӷأ
˵ģ᲻úײǣһ˺㰡ôǣԼҲ㣬һǽ㰡
ף㣿棬Լôô


514 뷢
޿ûôʵŲԼƴ͸壬Է᲻ɱ
ȻԵóʵͼǼ㰡ûôΰ
˭ΰ˭ΰȥɣҾͼˣ޺ܾš
ʱӢǷس嵽ǰ棬γǽһӣȻȣϣ
һɤ֮̾һȫĵطȫû˴ǰӢ¡
ǧﺣ׺ĺ壬ΪŻӵءһս磬Ҳû̫η壬Ҳû˷ǵ峤ӣֻɱС
ϧǴˣԱʵȷһɶԷǿ߸ְ
ֻһˣͰȽһЩĽʣµսʿһЩΧɱ󹦷ʣ²һţȻһѣʣһ
սʿηҪкһͬʱŷֻֽһˡ
бǵţҽֵܹˣٸǾһսҲ֪ѧС쳣
ֻϧûȤЩһһк
Ѿ궼ûгֹһʱûзӦãȻĹ֮䣬ͻȻ峤ڷԶȥУ峤ң
ǣǽӢµսʿ޺ţԼԶˡ
Ӣµսʿ
ǻûŪףΪʲôӢµսʿѾӢµصˡ
㻹𣿡ĶһҪ׷ޡ
̻ǵҹķԸΪĶݣҲҴֻѸٸȥĸԷʾ
ĶüͷȻôˣҹ˵Ҳеûбɱİգѿɱˣһŭ֮£ĳ徳ڣҹķûвúãǿɾ͹һˡ
ɱܿԽѵһ°ɣĶҲѧ˱ͨߣҲԵ̫ڼˡ
һҲǣ˶ɱˣʣ¿һطߣһ֪ԼǲɱԷ˵Ҫء
ôһ֮£ҶȥСӺݱһ٣£
ܵҲϧĶֿһǽ𵤾һ棬Էʮǧء
ĶһӡǰͻȻһŻԲŹӡ
ɲİҹ飬ִĶȻҪúñһǾõġ
ⶫҲĶеĹϵĶ˽𵤾ɵı𵤡
ʵҲǴǰ۶ɵģֻ֮ǰӡ˶ѣٴεĶȫ˵ó죡
ǰŹĶӡҲתͻȻವһԾУñ绹Ҫӿٶȣ˿޵ǰ
Ķ֪ǽ𵤾׷ɱԼ»ǽ𵤴˹ȥ

Ķһ¶ûУǽնڽϣ֮䣬Լײ˼ǡ
𵤾ı֮ȻǼӲ־ݵģͨ˺ֶ
һ֮󣬿ֻԼ˫ַ飬ٳڶҪûˡ
֪ʱ㣬ĥĻǾֻ·һˡ
ͷҲɱ¾ԣ޺ݺǰѾ˾޴ڵĹǽ˶ȭͷȻȥ
ȻһΣûȥԷӲײ汬һعâ漴ڿ޵ǰһ·᲻ɴݵı⡣
޵ȭͷݺݾڱǽϣû˿ЧȭͷҵǸӣҲ޸
ǧսʿǰ棬һ²ô򣬶µıǽ
ǽÿޱˣǽֻǵؼӲͺҲˣؼôȭһȭڱǽϵĺۼڶȭʱ򣬾Ѿ޸ˡ
ͨǽ𵤾֮󣬲ӵеֶΡ
ЩֶΣý𵤾ѾֻԪķ룬ʹǧ򻯵ͨ
ЩǾԼһûС
ʱͻȻҹʱȴûа취㿪ĸܣƺҲӲࡣҲһͨţͨ
ӲˡĶ˵
ǸҶǡͻȻסڡ
֮ǰ峣õ˵ǣԴϴҹ֮ͷⷬ˵ƺѾʧЧˣ˵ȥֻԼø죬Ҳҡ
ѵǽ𣿡Ķüëǽվʧȥϣֻð뿪ˡ
ԭҪ뿪ǲֻҪ뿪𣿶ķʽҲ̫Ϭ뿪֮󣬲ûؽ壬ֱӾ͵˼籨ˡ
޸ţȴҲҶ˵ʲôԭˣҲ˵ʲôȫͬƬػ壬ǡԷұ֤ҲŸλˡ
ǽ峤Ҳ֪˭Ⱥ˵
ȷЩǸ峤ȥ壬ŵúأ
ҺոǸˣҲں峤
̣ǲҪסȥúĥɱǸ峤ôײУһɱ̫ˡ
Ҫʮ̡
ðѻҲƾžŰʮһ顭
Ǹ°Լ⵽޴ıǽƵġ
Ҳǽ峤ֻǸñȽԱɳ޼ǣǸ˵ǶûƷǺ⣬Լ޲óԼ⡭ǣ⣬ѪֵܽǣȻǽ㣬Ҹǵ˼һһİ
ĶﶼǰЦǵȻ֪ǰǿޣȻԼǽ峤ԼûдҪɱҲòȥҴ
ȻˣǾһȥ屨ȥɣ̴ʵȥ߿Ǹ϶𵤾һλ񾳵ĸ֣̫죬Ž˹ǧ֮⣬ԶֵĻһ뿪
ǣһ⻰Ǹ϶ѾȫԼСⱲź飬˽㣬ܱˣѡһεĻһ˵֣Ҫ㣬Ҫ֮ǰһ޵Ļϣǡ
ĶûԼһʱ̲סɱ
ҹͣعءñ˭죬ƹɳıǽӲԶȥ
ĶŶԷϵԶͻȻ뵽ʲô΢΢һָ̣űĽһ㡣
Ϲâһǽ˲ڽ⣬ȴ۳һˮ
СȻ֪Ķ˼̲סѵСġ
ĶһЦָᵯһɫıȻ뷢
ƿȻһӾʹ˿޵ĶڱǾ֮һ㣬κεķ紵ݶǳԼģο뷢ơ
عͷʱ޻һ˿ϣĸ岻ޣҪ³Ѿã۶Էô֡
תʱһƬıȳ޵ɫʱӳòһƬ
㣿Ķ㣿ɲĻĻ
壬˵˲ɱǲð


515 Ķ
ĶɱҲ̲¾ôöԷߣҹ˵ֻҪͳɣȻĶȻҪݺԷһˡ
뷢ȻСÿһĶĿ֮УһҪ˶ԷԻһӻȥˡ
ƾǸϼһʵֻҪԸ⣬϶ÿˡ
ЩĶ֪޿ɲֻ֪һƬıȺ˹Ҫ涼˵ǻˣȫʬûУֻʣһ⽴ˡ
Ҳǿ˷磬ʵϽ𵤾ͨȻƾʵҲȫûа취ֵģ֮ǰıһԴƣֻϧǽ޸ٶȱ죬˶ԷɵֵӰ졣
޻ӽȫ࿹һԻסԼҪλ̱û뷨
ԼΪԼˣֻؿűȫûеֵһµ˼ˡ
Ķ۽һ£û뵽ԷȻһµûУ£ıܰɱǻ᲻̫ˣ
ҪһµʱͻȻĿһûֹͣһ˲ԸӾ޴ſ޷ȥ
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ڳˡĶҧҧ촽޺޵˵
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𣿡ĶһɸǰɶˣһմϵǾҪʲô£𵤾ھһ°ɡ
𵤾ţôĽ𵤾ǻõһֱڿ𣿡
Ķһƺһ©ҹô˵ģҲͽһ᣺ԲŰô
һƣеսʿڣѸٵȥ
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Ķ˿ԷĻ϶Ȼһ⣬һ֮һӿˮھ˳ſȥҪѶԷûڴˮ֮һ㡣
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ͬҲָһϽһȻսնױȵƣĶǵնȥ
ˮҵӿţȻնһ޴յشĶһҲһ֮䣬зֿ
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ĶԼҲû뵽ںĴ߷֮£ҹĶóܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ȴţöԷ˸Ի
ಡ
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˵ô£֮ǰǸ˿޵СӳˣҲһǸӦĽɫ
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Ҳһž޴ơ
ĶһóʱȫûҪȫˣͬҲû뵽ͻȻˣһ֮£Լһγ嶯ˡ
һݵͣ٣֮һĶնһ
Ķ󾪣úػֻҲջؽ𵤣ǰһʵıǽ
ꡭ
սնڱǽϣֻһ̾ͱ鿪мѿһ޴Ŀӣı鱻Ķȥ
һĶƺһսնУȻɶȥ
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ոһռ˱ˣʵ˵Ҳռ÷ǳޡ
벻ǣԷһնʱȻֻ˵ˣԷƽ壬ǿԶԶĹơ
ֻǾʵôϳϣҪ˵ʲô䣬û뵽Էȴ˵ˡ
㲻ͨ˽𵤣ȴңǾͿܲӵסҵͨɣĶȻһЦ۾˲ɸıļ㡣
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ָһһȥ޻صƣſȥ
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ȴҲܲƾôܸԷͨƴ
ԭΪαչָˣʵǵ˽ڣҪźٳֽ𵤾Ҳ׶Ը
һƺЩ̫ˣĶǷӣԭ峤ӡ֮󣬾Ȼ뵽Ա𵤵İ취ش
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516 
ȻۣȴòԼĽսһθ֣Էıնһ
顭
սʤһһ֮󣬴翪ѣȥҪһˡ
սȻҲˣȴȫûҪӡ
Щ⣬˰ɣʵƴҲÿһЩѣ
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֪Է϶ܣҪᣬǸСӸɱˣͿıڿһãٴһ𣬾ȻֱĽ𵤶ȥˡ
ȥûû
ʧɫüսֵһθնһ
ξ޴֮Уսͨͬʱˡ
ۡ
ûסһѪĶǱ˿ɴҲһƬ졣
ȴ˿ոʧıһγڿУÿһ
顭
һǱսĶײֻһײ֮䣬ͨȫ顣
ۡ
ֶһѪƺĬ
˿ʵҪˣɻǰŮֻǽ𵤳ڣΪʲôͨôǿʼʱҪһЩЩԤơ
ҵĽ𵤶˱ıԵҪͬھǾͱͨǾѰ·š
ˣĶżֿʵ
ˣ£ôȻ£˭˻£
ģҲͬھģΪ㲻䣡Ķм˵
Ǻǡڷ
ֻҪԷķ赽ͺãڵȷˣǲûб˵ôأֻΪԻԷһ˵Ƕѡ
֪Էһ˵úأҲͣ
뵽ĵػ˼ȻǰһԾִǵصĶնȥ
ͨãкֶܶοʩչ𵤾Ҳֻͨɱ˵ġ
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ּǰ˲ĶǾ֤Ӧһ𵤾н𵤾Ļ֪ǵӡķûбƵ
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ҪҪὣ幥
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һʱԺǵۡ
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е۰Ķӡ⣬ոպûзһ㣬˵һ𵤾һ۷壬ҿܾͻˣţǸղȥˣΪʲôûи֣һǸ𵤾ķ
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ҲǻǵĽ㣬̾뵽ôһ˵ǡ
ʵϣλϵĶƴʱжԶԶˣ֮ȶˣֳſû֣ĵ˻
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һʱҪ˵ǿ϶ǼٵģҪ˵Ҳǲܵġ
Ȼᣬ֪һңԱȻȫĲԣǵ֪һֱԱҵʱǸжԸӡ޾ͲҪˡ
ţǾͺã˵Ӧֻôһ𵤾ǵҲֻʣǧ˶ѣŰǧ壬𵤾˵ʱ򣬰ҳƽˣ˵

ոڵĻһӣô޵ӰȥͲݵļơ
һȫԸո뵽һֿܣ޷ɿתԣ˵仰ʱ򣬻ûһֿܵʲôǽһ֮ǰһֱеĲ²⣬ǲȷűĽ𵤾Щ𵤾ΪĳԭֵܵƣƩ粻֮߳⣬ֻһʱڲôʵֻֻ⼸ָܻһ½𵤾ʵĻͿԽͣΪʲô֮ǰǸˣ⼸һֱȥˡ
˵һ֮󣬿ԼһΪԼʵ̫ˣⷬԼЩŲɣʵ޿޵ɰ
ȻЩҲ￩һ¡ҲֵǣŻԵۣʱһҲֻȻʵĸо
ÿ嶼ܣַĳڼ֮ڣӵеͬڽ𵤾ʵҲȫûпܵġ
ƩǽڣһſԺܶʱڣΪһȼĵҩ
Ҳ˵ڷõĻֱӴӽڣ𵤺ڣһУֻҪʱͿˡ
֮ϷãһΪҩֻһţǽĴұȻҪǣڳЩ˷ѵġ
ǽڣҪͻƵڵΪ֮Ҳֻǵ𵤺ڣΪֻҪ꣬ҲԼɾ˷˾޴ҩǰõʵ
Ǵӽ𵤾񾳣ǾһɵķԾһӣҲ޷̤뻯񾳵ʵٵȼ꣬˽𵤺֮ٳǿŵҩͿʱ䣬ﵽľˣǶԵҩá
ΪӦôĬһ£ٴηʵ
ΪӦٵȼ죬Թ嵽ҪЩʲôֻܳĻǼ֮󣬾֮ڡг


517 ˺һ
ڽҪðźܴķգֻҪʱ䣬վͿȫ⣬⼸ԵһǣҸҲҪָһƣ֮󣬸ݵٿĶжǵʵס޷š
˵ҲЩͷʾӦʣͽȥˡ
һ׵æʾ
ţҪסΪ˽δؼʱ̣ԼҲǿõģΪǽ峤ȥȥ̽ĻõĽΪʵġ̻
ǡϵصͷȥȴڡǡֺ治֪һʲôĻ
תͷٿһۣǿ鱻նġʯնһԪǿ鱮ն˸飬վû׷ȥתѾʧˡ
ں棬ϵȥΰӰ̾Ȼ׶ӣһôطæҲںˣʡǿ߸ѾûбսʿˣɵסԷƴɱ

Ķʱ򣬶̸æǰסΪԷӿȥʮʱصȥһ
С㣬û°ɣ˵ҪǸϼһƴСΪʲôҪܾ˵۵
ֻǿ˺׵ĳˣһʱƲסԼĶɫЩҰףʱȴǿһЦ̲õĵģзִ磬Ȼ˲ˣû˵ҵĽ𵤾׽ٴǺһΣҹ۳֮ҵȫǽ𵤻ǿȣ˺ܶ࣬ҲܰǸˡ
ǣɾСҲܲԼ尡˸ʲộǺã̾ϢС´οǧˣҪģҪɱ˿ܸͬھ䰡
ˣ֪ˣĶϢһ£΢Ű۵ʲôҶΪ峤ء
峤ҲǸѡء̵٩Ȼˣƺûʲôӣ屾ͺ˼ƣǽ𵤾֮󣬸ûʲôˣСò
̣Ķɫһ£ҲĮЩҪ˵ˣҹҲϲ˵ЩҸϲ
ǣС㡣̰̾˿
ҹǱôˣĶʵƽ˵һ̫Ҫ顣
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Ķ΢΢üͷ¶ĵɫŵ̿Ļҹȥܳŵ𣿡
Ҳҹٶȵǲ죬Ӧⲻֻǿʶ֮ܲһֱ֧ŵƷĽ̵ĿҲЩأȻ֪Ǽѵġ
ʲôûУĶȻǱߵĶ
ǸϼһѾˣҽսʿҲ뿪֮ǰûأȥˣҲꡣ
೤ʱһǱ˵ġ
ȻҲ֪һΣΪҹʵʵѶԷúˣԲŻʱ˳ȥ
Ҳˣҹܶƻôìܺ©ٳΪ©̫ԣԲöԷš
׵ķʽǵȼٿʱʲôӦ֪ʵˡ
൱Էû뵽ǣôණΪľҪöԷȼ졣Щ㣬ҹºõȦ˵ǰĲӿʼ·ء
һ죬ҹһֱڻŷ󣬰СҲû뿪Ĵ
ȻƷҹͨڹؼʱ̣԰
ҹȻƣģʱԼоҪ֧Ųסˡһ˶·󣬱лҪѵöࡣ
ǳ֮⣬ʵ벻İ취ɱ𵤾ʵ
ȻĶҲЩԱǽƴಫϧ۵Ļһ³
Ȼϼһﲢһһٴοս¾ǿʱҲȲѶ߳һ
ˣȻҲűڿǰԽʶѹ쾵ﴢصĴԪشԷ
ǻ˽𵤾Ŀҹ֪ǲκλᣬٴԿ޵ʱҲϴΪ쾵ѾûЩʩչһˡ
οҹߣһֱ֪ԼΪʲôһССĽ𵤾Ըˣӵ½ϣôȥ⣿ôȥȶС
ԷҪƳΨһܵõĳ·
ģҹǰѾз뵽һ֮УǰһЩط򣬾ָš
ǡĶ˴֮ǰʱ龰
ΪǴ˿ԼٽӽĻǻƻĺгһ㡣
ǰûָоȴǿҵظоˡ
Ӳǣһķ羰УҹҲеһ֡Ҳҹƶظϵһû˿Υ͡
ѵǴ˵е˺һ𣿡Ҳȵ˵
ӦҹõʲôȻΪûӣķͶشо޴ĺôǻǲҪˡĶỴ̂Ȼ뿪˴
С㣬Ѿ죬㱨˵нආ̽ţٲ֣½Ҫˡ˵
ȥɣҹ״Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣Բκ˴Ķ
Ļ϶㹻׼С֮ǰԷƴæѶԷ
İɣ֪ôģĶȻ֪һУҲ᲻˼ɽǾһս
ͷٿһҹ֮Ȼȥ
ڵʯ޴һڵĽ֣ݵԶ
Ķ峤Ѿڸûʲô𵤾޴ЦţСòǽҲǣֻٶѣ죬Ǿһɡ
Ķɴ棬ԷԼݣҲûκ⣬⼸ס顣
֪ôĪΪ֪ҵݣƾһ𣿡Ķ˵෴Ȼʲô֪ˣҲù˼ʲôηҪɱ㲻ɡ
ɱ𣿹ҿ̫ˣбɱΪһһɵ˰ߴܵǿ߾Ա߿ţֻҪҶ̾ͻὫնɱްȻ
ǸĶɱˣԼһ


518 ۰ķʽ
ǿ֣ҲǸҴƽֶѣΪһ𣿡ĶƽҲѧһԱ𵤣Σûôˣܶһ٣ܶҲǽ廹ǧȥ
һݣСǸǰһˣ辢һ˶ܲˡ
Ҫ٩䣬ԼС檾Ϳ֮ģɿӣûҰǻ˵ڡ
仰˵ĶıֳĺͼС檣գ˭֪᲻ڸոһӽʱ̾Աأ
յĶϸƤС檣ǸϸƤĶʱը
ҲףԷĿĸ׿Ҳǳ仰͵ģҲôĸ׵İΣˡ
Ǻǣ»֪ҸѾŸĽ徫ֱˣЦ㲻Ǻų𵤾һλ𣿿ֵܲܵסһɱ
Ķ˻һݣæͷȥ̡
ԷȻҲ֪Ϣ٣ֻɫҲһѿ
ˣĶ˲⣬Ҫ˻ڡ
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ֻҹСڣûΪǻ൱Σյ顣
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ĶȻ鷢̾ͷԸҪ˻ط
һôżȫϵˡһԷӣ̴Цһûв鵽ʲôǸոǵӣѾҴ𰸣Ȼûʲô𵤾ˣеľֻǸСðɣߣǻʲôƿõġ
ĶһףԷֻթһ£ûʲôȥ
˵ҲǣıؾڣôŶԷƿأ
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޲Ŀޣѧ˻Ϊǽһնȥ

ž޴Ļ죬еĹǽײˣֻǱ΢΢ƫһ㡣
ۡ
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ۡ
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ۡ
һ͸Է࣬εıûд͸Ǿ˶Էźһ
㾹Ȼɱ۰Ķӣŭ
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ͨ
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ؼǣҪˣʲô
ԼҲɱĳˣΪʲôɱĶ
ĶڱúǿҲܴӵĿŶԷŪ˺ܶ飬Ϊ𵤾ô죬վңѾȷ֪ûν𵤾ֻӦĶ㾹ȻΪǶϧҾһս
Ķһ£ƺʲôȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ
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Ķ仰һͼҪڷס
ȻˣȷһЦš
ĶһףϼһﾹȻ̽ЩļһԶԶô޶οȿ޸ݣӶԵǷһĿ
˵ãҪ޷أȻǾֻɱңĶѾĴ㣬㲻ñŽһˣǿûվƬϰɡ
һ֪ԷԲ˵ѣҲ˶Բߡ
Ϊ廹ʸܾ̫ˣżı飬ûʮɵİգôٴγսɱݺݵɱЩ壬أԶǽģЩսʿͷǣΪʢƵıӣЩ۵СǣͻǻｿĹߣݺݵ̤ƽǣǣ֮һжǵˣ
𡭡
˲ͷȻ峤˸ӣǶ˵ûиıʲôֻҪ𵤾峤ڣǽ޵еġ
Ǹ˺ü󶴣ըǸ峤ɣ峤Ѿֹһˡ
˵ǿƽҲʲô㣬˾ˣͲֵͬ飬ǱȽϹĵģΪغԴЩ۾ûǴ󣬵һƤܽ۵ŮˣֵܷһģԺӿɸһɡ
һĶɫýȻԼһ̣ǲɶֹزš
ڵսʿ糱ˮӿҲԴ
Ķֻ֪ҪӪһײһмһϣ̻ʬ壬ѪһƬ򶼻ᱻȾ졣
һΣⱲӶٿڶˣڣȴò
һڲǵΪ˵ֿ֣⺣Խʯ޽ķʹô˿̶Էûа취ַӽơ
ˣĶջǺһ
ͬʱĽһһʱЩսʿ̴ͨͨ
Ľսʿȥ


519 ҹټ
һصĽսʿûзǵڶصʱȻ֣Ƿ׷׶ԼĹǵǽűնȥ
𵤾ͨôƵģҲԶ޵еģϾ֮󣬲ôɱĸ֡
Щ˻ǵǽʱ򣬾ͷǴˣǰıͻȻ֮Զ˿
Ǳ׶֮İܵסһЩһαóףֱһӾͱ˷ĩ
ЩϸСķĩǣͲǵܵסģȴҲСٿһ³˽ܱ
ǿͣ۾ǵɵñ۾Ȼ֮мУȻһαըһƬսʿͨͨͷڵϰ
ܲϼһһŮѾǴǰôٲʲôСһˡŽսʿƬƺ˿ۣ¶һĶֻΪͿĹʩչٴΣ
ĶĬͨȻļģɽ廹ô࣬ƺôɱꡣ
ȻɱǾɱɣȰѽɱ⣬ɱ壡ҲȻˡ
һԾ𣬴ĽսʿϿƮֱ䵽֮С
𵤸ֵͬʱһ޴սӰҲ֮һɨ֮䣬ʱӰ㵹һƬ
ҪױֵܽǣɱĶɫӶЩɫ
֪һ̣ÿһ嶼ž޴Ŀ飬ԼûôǿɱеĽ壬ҲܰЩ񶼻
ģǰǸɶĿɱǸͬھ
ͽײһ𣬵ཻѪҺĽĽ籮֮⣬һѪߡ
˺һ𣬡ȫԡѪ֮УȴȻȻЩɵĽ壬
ǰ棬ۿҪֿĳսʿȻһЦ֮ǰһӡ
ⲻǽ𵤣ΪԶԶǽ𵤾ӳֵʱ򣬽Χ˶ɫʶʲô
顭
鱬ǿʱͼɱĽѹڵأûģ˿Ҳˣؿ־޷վ
顭
һŽһ֣Ľ屻ֲɱ塣
ӡ֮УСģûһ峤ɱرռһʱ򣬶û
壬ȻԽٵʱ򣬾ӵԽǿԶս֣Ҳ˼ֺ
֪ЩѾЩˣĶƽƺѾĳ־Ҹһ̿ʼһжѾעˣ𣬵ǽڲõĽҲһ⺣׳Ϊһɱ㣡
𣿡ͻȻЦҸ˵Ҵûаյ飬㸸Աûκңôûеʱ㳶ЩҪȥһֱڱĴ﾿˭
˵ζȻһĺĸأĶıһȥ
Ķɫ䣬˲ǰս֣Ҳæ׷˹ȥ
ʵϣѾףҲ޷ֹ帲Ľ֣еɱЩͨĽ壬ֻһĿǲ뿴ľ档
һǰһ󣬸Զˮڵһ㣬ƿˮԲ˼ٶԶȥ
ۿĴǰĶһƬͻȻһ簵һ㱻˳ȥ
顭
һʱ䶼ˣתͷֻԼģȻǶԷĽʱ־ȼֱûа취ݡ
𵤿ÿ𵤾ǿߵĸû͵ʲôǡ
ڣĶΪ˲Ȼʩչͨ£𵤶ԵɰשҳȥǷǴﵽʲô
ɻ£ĶѾѸٵջ˽𵤣θ㵲ڶԷǰ
ôˣҵǸֵҪˣƵЦڴ֮ǰһɱ㡣
Ķ΢΢һԭҲһս֮á
֪ܴܽ壬ҹνķŪˣҲûʲôաŵ⣬ǸƴһսϧһдۣԱķʽԷɱõĽ
ǸһսǰɱѾƿеһУȷǱ仯˺ܶ࣬ǰһͬ㻹ǲףЩ˾ٶ࣬ҲӰ쵽һǿֻҪһţֻҪһǿֻʣʮҲȻƬİ
Ķǵؽ̵Լһ㸸׾ǲĻԵʱʵͲԱͻƴʵӳƬֻҪʵгһջָˣ֮ûʧȥһУûУڸһɵ
˵׵ʱߵĶͻȻʶʲô
ӡķȻǿ󣬵Ҳû뵽ȻߵҪһڵĽ𵤾ɱ̫ˣҡͷ̾ţ̫ɵȻΪ㣬ΪνˣɷᣬѡԱҪͬھֻϧҪɱһûôס
Ķ۾ʪû뿪ΪѡҪԼˣԼȴû˹ϸõӡ
һɱ㣡Ķݺݵҧ
㻹û˵ʲô˼˵ˣ𵤾ڣĺɱŶԷżϷʣҽһഫ鵤ֻҪȥͻ֮һʵ֮ǰҰЩҩȥ֮ǰһֱҩֻû뵽ô죬ɱ۰ĶӣûϵѾ̤𵤺ڣ̾Ϊ𣡡
ڻ˲䣬ϵ潽һ㱩
Ķɫ΢䣬ȻܸоһУԷȷڸղţ˽𵤺ڡζţϴԷƽ֣ǲܵˣϴζǿξǿĻᶼûˡ
΢΢תͷķȻʲôҲ֪˿ҹڴڣ֮ǰһ죬ǴûֹһǸӴķ
ٻعͷʱĶĿüᶨƣǰԣʱܱǿ
ûõģܴʲôΪҵĶȻİ֣һɱȥ㡣òĺ
Ķ̧ͷ𵤵Ĺâٿ佫Լڸ
ͷϿգһڽӿţѾųһ潣ǽһ㡣
ĶȴûֹͣȻϵŽ𵤵ֻнԼӵ󣬲пܸǸһս
֪ҲҪֻ֪֪һ̣ģֻЩˣ
ҹټĶֻԼ


520 ֮ң
һƺǾ𣬵עȴκĶ˫ַ裬еı˲һ𷢶ȫſȥ
ǧںˮ֮зţһҵУһѸĺˮи۳Ĵڡ
֮Уκζڣ϶ͬˮһʵֻʣ·۳ǵӡ
ɫı׽һƬ򣬸û͸ȴ滹ʲô
ǾʱڴţҵɫģͻȻһ⣬һӰһſȻŴ󣬳һ㹻޴Ŀռ䡣
ʹٷıҲûа취˵ǸӷֺǱһӼ̵ظ˱
ˡ
ǸɫͻȻһ޴Ϊģܵ
·ƥıʱ򣬾Ȼһ鱬֮ûһѱ档
˵𵤺ڵģǸɫ֮͸ҷ˳ɾͻ񾳵ĻᣬΪܸ׵壬Ϊһٸ㷭̵Ļ𣿡
ĶӴʱԵûѪɫҲһѪ˿ȴ˿ͣȻ֮䣬Ǳ۵һ
βǧ󣬶һѴ󵽿͸ľ޽
ѽնƺƣһƺСĽɫȥ
ˡ
ɫһηǰһλҪԣ޴ıҲ΢΢ţȴִֵزȴ
ȥɣûлġŶԷһЦ
ָһϸ΢ĵâնײھ޴ıϡ
ڵ˼ޣһţֻ˲ͺȻȥ
һâȴٿһ䣬һССӡĶĽץȥ
ĶæһգθǱˣӡȴٿ޻ڵ
Σ֮䣬ĶȻٴλóһǽҲֻǻ˲ģǽűԼҲһӡݺݵˤ
Ҫˣ
Ķط֣ԷʼնȻԱԷͬھĻᶼûУ
һĶնȥһնȥҪֳ룬ȻҲûлȥϣ
ಡ
ĶƮˮȻһرʲôߣһնɱ
ţоԼ壬˱ס
ˣϢһ°ɡҹĶ
ҪˣĶ۾˾ҹص߰ɣվǲôһ㣬ͬھĻᶼûУû취ˡ
ѾúܺãҹЦһʼҾ˵ҪǸ϶ͬھҪ壬Ǹһʧ
ÿСӣһ߳ɫ΢΢ã´ҹǸһлܿ޵СӰɣԭѣһǸոսΪ޵ȷǱƭˣֻ˵صոʧûµõ
˵öԣҹᱧĶ΢һԷۿҪصʱͻȻһסŵ˵ϡ
ĿһܿóԷô֮ܰƵ˾Ȼһ˸ڿС
ȻǺף˵ҪһЩҹȻףĽ𵤺ڣ˵ҹݵ˵Ӧ֡
ȻȴӵвҹŶԷȻŲӣΪһָ֮ǰɱңҸ㣬ˣΪֻҪһصͻһӵн𵤾ʵոѾһʱɱңǲܵģԼܻܿᱻնɱˡ
ܣʵĿҲ漴ת˹ȥΪʲôͬ
ǴܣҹţһصķҿԽʩչڽ𵤺ڵ
㣬ͻһӶڴ淢ʲô飬̤벽Բŵ
𣿾ǳôҹЦţŲ֮䣬ѾԽԽ˵նɱĶô濴ţ
Ҹողһ࣬Ȼϲ֡Ц
ѾڴĳĶ΢΢һɫϷһ˿ײ糺졣
˵úԼһ˵ҲǺÿĺأҲøգ˵ԼкܶĵġҹŲӣ˿ֻ֮ң
ͣ°Сӣ۾һ£Ȼ۾Ҳȱ˵۾󼸱㲻ΪûзСɣ
ǺǣôֻҪ̤ȥôҹƵһǡ
˵㣬һӴ治Ȼˣ˵ǰ벽Ҳٽȥˡ˵ŽȻһҫ۵Ľҹıն¡
𵤾ͨȫмѭԷȫ԰ͨĲʾͻȻҹı
ǾͲȥ˰ɣ
ͻȻҹûоţ˹Ӧһ䣬ȻһԾӵſն˹ȥ
ꡭ
ҹηԼоʵ޴ҪһڣȻҪԼƴһǽ˹Լ
ͷŸոһ£ͻȻһ˿ǿҵĲҪʱһ֪ｵһͷϡ
׽٣
һ˲䶼ЩˣŸոͻƵ˽𵤺ڣǽŵҩͻƵģѵǵҩֱ̫뻯ˣ
ĻҪ˿ˡ
ֻ˲ףԼͻ˾磬ΪΪǽ𵤺ڣһûб䡣
ֻ˵ҹŪģƻ࣬Ҳ֪ʩչʲôȻо£һ֮նɱ
Ѿǽ𵤺ڣҹ֮Ҳܴ̫˺εֶΣȴԶԶҪʹ𾪡
ҹһʩչʲôͨοԷĽ𵤶ûпɶԷһԪô֪صͷϡ
ÿһִѵԼˣԷʵǻ񾳵ǿ
ͷֻ˲Ѿˣҹǻ񾳣ڿҶѾҲˣôôһʹ֮
ôһ֮䣬ҹնµĵѾǰ
ȻٴΣյĸо̧ǵмܣȴδǰѹǵն֮ûдԷֱӾͱϣǲٶȵն
һȻ򵥣ħʽԲ׺˵նҹոսʱ򣬾սڵǿߡ
ѾĶָǿΪ߳һ׵Ľ𵤾


521 ˭ƻ
ɽƣû˿ɢȫ̺ҹһѰҹУ϶һڹ⣬ҹ׶ʹõĺڰԪ
֪ҹԶѷԼһȴȻСǸոһ׵Ԫһɵ˺ҪһЩ
Ȼ˺˵ȻԲ⣬ĵǶԷϵó֣ȥ˲ģȴ˺ǲ˵ĵء
𵤹âһոĶĽһγ֣С
䡭
ҹϷŵڹӿһΣԼԪ֮ȫʩΪһնõĻǺڰԪ
ںڰԪĿ֮£΢΢һ£̩ɽû˿Ҫѵӡ
ֻÿȵǣǹɺڰȻʴŹֵĽɫ
⵽ʲô󣬵Ϊʲôôʴԣ
Ҷ룬ȫطȥ
顭
ҹ޴޿ɿܵˣ߹һ̼ȫϵһ˲Ѫ
ССٶֶΣҲȻΪǿߣɱ㣬һֻϺһŶԷɣǾԼ֮ǰЩ̫ˣСӲûôѲ
Ȼʱһ
һæҪʱǵ߾Ȼһɢĺˮ˺ɫ
ǡʱŷ֣ԼȻжˡ
ֶʮѲΪǿֻһ˲Ͱⶾȫȥ
ﰵһգԷôŵĶ֪Сһ£ΪٸһЩպ¾ɱǸˡ
ҹȻҲ߶ԷǶʵСڳûţ˿ѵĨһǵѪʹЦϼһ̫磬ûз֣Ѿڴ֮أ
һŷҹȷѾ˴
ոյʱˣΪҹƴӣҪŻص
֮ڰԪħʽк춾أھ֮󣬲ŷ֣ԭСôֻ࣬Ϊشѡ
̫ƻˣ
ǿΨһĸо嵥ãн𵤺ڵǿߣҲ˥ǰСӣ·ȴתʮ˸ֱ֮
Ȼһص˴ҹһ߻ָԼƣһ˵еļƻͶѾˣϰɣɱңҲɱĶʧˡ
𣿿滹ǧ壬ԱŰ飬Ķһ⿴ֳɣЦ
Ķ⻰ɫһƬҰףгȥԼһĳ嶯
ú˰ɣǸϼһ˵öԣֻҪǿ߻û𣬵ڳȥͻˣҹؿĶһۣ㲻ôǸɣ
ֻǵȰ˵Ķ϶ȥҹ仰ȴĶҡˡ
ҲһȥıˣҲҪΪ˱𣡡Ķ۾ΪޣȾ˵Ѫɫ
ͺáҹЦţվҲ˿
ĶһҪȥƴƴǾҲȲˡ
˾Ȼˣվƺȫָһɵüͷ
Ǻǣ˵һص˴ѾʧˣҹЦָָӵн𵤺ڵʵӵв֮档
صشĴû˵ܣǿʲô
ҹĽթͻȻ̫ŶԷ˵ģν𵤺ʵ֮͸ˣܱĺˡ
ؼǣҹϣоκǿϢ˵ǽ𵤾ںڵı仯ûС
ǲǿϵϢûб仯Ϊ˵ѣҹǿ͸˿뷨ЦеʵŵĻԽ԰
Ҫ취̽Ŀֿһ¡
Сǿ϶ΪĲܽȥ˻ʲô֪ΣϢҲûиоǱܵģС˵Ļ϶ҪԼ
ôҽҹŶԷֲЦ֪ûʲôĻʣһ취ˣþȫ֮󣬲ʲôܣҲˣɱҲͿ԰쵽ˡ
ǽһƣոô뷨ҹôһ˵⵶䲻ȥˡ
ɣҹ㹥͹ɵ϶è
ԭ
ͻȻ׹ҹ֮ǰ϶ƣ󵨵ȥʹ
ܣʲôķػͲܵų⣬һŴ̾ͻܵķɡ
ô˵Ӧýȥ
Ҫ̧ͻȻֳˣĿ˸֮ȻһԴ
ǱˣԼǽ𵤾ǲҲһܰСӸ
нͨԽȥԳҹûн𵤺ڵʵ
𵤹âţٿһսմȥ
һеʱ򣬿쳣Сģʼʱû̫Сͨ˴ڣûκε֮Ȼҹնȥ
䡭
û̫ҹӲ֮У˲ͱɳȥһʮ˸ͣ
̫Цˣ̾ԼĴȻôõİ취ŵʤĿ⣬ҹĽ𵤺ʵ̫ˣΪСӣڿ㻹ʲôУ
ҹҲûԷ죬ȴǲ͵˴һӱ󣬽ϣһҲ
ֻһۣ׶Է⡣ҹȥһСģҹʱ˴ӣ̾ͻᱻɡ
һЦҲ̫С𵤾ͨˣָһ㣬⳯ҹȥ
ۿҹҪܴȴ͵һ漴һ䲻ݷشӼ֮д
һգҹ̾ӿȥѡλԽԽѡ£
Щˣò뵽ôһӣȻ򲻵Է
ĶصϢɣǸϼһû취ҹңתͷֳſ򺰵ڲǽ𵤾ô㲻һûޣ֮Բӽ𵤾ʵΪҪԼĽһԣʲôϽ𵤾о
ĶԣæŵһˣζѾʧںˡ
۽΢΢鴤һ£ɱˣǾǰ嶼ɱ⣬ҲʼնںǳԲġ
ۼҹҲȫڵӣŴ̤һ
һ̤ޱСģǸոͨʱһһ֮ȫ
ԭĲƶѣСӣϢٻˡһΣѾҹǰ


522 
ͨҲûãΪͨƵò˴ķɡ
ҹ֮ôգһŹֶûУ֤ܸҹ𵤾ʵֻǴŷˡ
Ĺǵֻʣ°أǴ˿ͻعǵҹնȥ
֮ǰǵնϣΪִ֮䣬ûйעԪ֮
ҹĵȷƷʸߣȴŽ𵤾ʵƾһ㣬ǶԷһʯͷܶϼƷķ
ꡭ
ǵȻ֮⣬һζۿ
ҹҲϴһȻʤˣȴɳȥ
顭
ҹݺݵײһϣҪӸײϣѪҪǮ㣬Ҳûз֮ˡ
Ķһֱںû뿪˿̼æסҹҲףΪʲôʲôûУҹ⼸ʲôأѵʧˣ
뵽Ķ̾һվ㡣
ţ˿ǱײӣĿֻصҹϣԭûʲô㾹ȻһĻѻ
ҹײϣʲô֮ҲӦðҹٵˣʲôҲûУ˵һУҹں˵˵ѡ
뵽ʱ򣬿ЩЦá֮ǰֶ̽ͨСģʱһֻŶҶ
û뵽ⶼһԶѣСӣҲ̫ܳˡ
ǺǣԣҹȻ˼Ѫ۾ȴŷ֮ɫڿϽ˰Ǿú԰ɣ
˵ţѾմѪָǸӵĵײһʡ
ˡ
һ̶ȻΧӻǽڣֻǵһһµķ
ЩŵѪɫĹâһҪǽڻɳƵġ
һһҪӡ
ϧˣһڵٿɴĺ󱳣һ֮䣬ҹѾıؾ֮·ϡ
׻˵ٽƻĺ꣬Ҳ֣ҹָŲתŵĴߣˣôһаɣ
ؿܵĴ֪Լ˶ԷĵˣⷨȴûΪܵסң
˵ˣոջ˵ϻһǵס㣬ڣҹڿĵЦˣӲȥˣܰɣ
ҹ˵ͬʱѾоʲôڵԪ֮Էɿٶʧš
߲˵ʧֻǱǿгȡˡ
ⷨأû˵ΪֻҪһ˿Ԫ̾ͱת˲ߡ
ĵ״󺧣֪ԷôŪֹķġ
ǵҹĶ״ʱֲɵùЦǵԪҲһˣҶһƾʲôɱңҽЩ㣬ٰռƵһ·һ
㻹ȵõһ𣿡ҹĨǵѪȻſȥ
ųҹм˵ǲǣ棬ȻûԪҺôҲǽĽ𵤾ǿߣ֪Ҫ㡭
顭
ҹȭͷȭͷӲʯͷһűͲЭʱҹҵñһ㡣
˵òӾǸոսģŲ֪ҴǰٿԪˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡ҹ仰ʱҲ֪ڶԷ˶ȭΪҵԪ̫ˣ˶ãҵȭͷԪҪ˳ֵö࣡
ûᣬҪȻǵðһƬǳС
Ѿ㹻Сˣǧʶǰ̽˼ʮϰٱ飬û˿оĲŸҽ
˭֪СӾȻԷΪķһ̵ڲŻһǽɱǰԪա
ʲôķ취һ£һӰԪˣôƣƹˤࡣ
𵤾ǿߣʧȥԪ£ǻʧȥצһʵʮеһɶӲ
ΪҶûԪƾǿҲһ۸Է˭֪ԷǸ̥ûԪ֮Ȼûв
ϸȥôⷨ󲻹ƽ
ţȻֻΪ֮⣬ѾҹƵһ¶ˡ
ԣǽ𵤾ǿߣӦͨģ
ҵĽ𵤣ȻԼĽ𵤾ǰȻѾڵϣñһ
𵤣ҹҲһ£ѵ𵤾ͨûԪ֮ʹã
һͷΪֿͼǽٻȥܡ
ͨȻԪԪȴһͨĻûԪʲôûУ϶Ҳʲôͨˡ
Ҫ𵤣㡣ҹǿŽץϣ˵࣬оͦʣȥѾĵѾͷ
˵ոڿǰεǣѾȫʮôԲ۾ҲûбĶˡ
ʲôᣬĸܱκһʧ˶Ҫ
Ҳ뵽һ죬ԼĽ𵤣ΪԼͷϵİש
ں壬ÿ첻֪ҪٺҲǸָ´ûһǱԼĽ𵤸ġ
ѾĵѾͷ
Ķﷴ仰ʶѾ㱣Ҫɳһ
ҹˡ
ãпͻȻһƺȰҹޱȸжʵ벻ףֵطʱ򣬵˭ΪԼ˵
һɱǿŽҳ˰ɣΪġ
ۡ
ݡж̼һѪҲûнˡ
ҹоѾˣͣҡҡλվ˳ְѽСڡ
СһţǿаȭͷôĽ𵤣һ̵ɱĶ
СڴűãҵҪʱ²ٳˡ
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߰ɣ٣ǿ˵öԣֻҪǿڣͲ𣬡ҹʬ壬壬ǵǿѾˣעҪʧģǣ


523 ˵еĺ
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524 
ҹʱ򣬷Լһżʵϣ㱼侹Ȼ֪Լʲôطˡ
һ˼Լںףпˮﶼ˯ô߼ĴԼˮ˯ǰ붼롣
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525 
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ģǵأӦУ̴Щŭ˵ǰڵʱ򣬴ʲôڽոձʱС㷢룬¾Ҫ壬ҪѹС㽫óȥ
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⬻ƱθۣСǰ˵úСһȴּ令֪һҹҪɱˣĶ᲻ֱӸ׷
תһ룬Ҫĺþ棬ҲûбҪȥ˵ʲôֻϷͺˡ
С㵽״򲻴򣬲Ļ峤ϴ˵峤˻ԭ㣬㲻ҹһֱ˵Լ
սҵĻᣬҸģôܺڣҪҲ㣬ҹڵôں𣿡
ǺǣѾڣһֻϺףʲôɺڵģЦ˾ֱ˵øλ峤˸ЦķϣһԴλ峤㲻
Դĸ峤Ҳʲôݣʲôʸλ峤Ҳ˵峤Ͳܴģƾ仰Ƕλ峤Ĵ󲻾͸ϳȥնˡҹȻӿ죬һ⧲ĸо
ҡ㡭ȻҲһĸ֣ͻȻķŪЩתȦ˵Ĳ峤㲻Ҫߡ
ʲô㾹Ȼ壬峤Ĵָʲô˼ҹʣУλ峤ԴҵҪ峤ʯ峤λǲԸʲôӵ˴
ʯһʱ
˵ԸɣҲ̫ˣ˵Ը⣬ǲ˰ҹĴôյģζ԰
ҹҲҪסЩС᲻ţҪս㲻սҲãսҲգնҪαپЩ⬻ƵʯҪԲö࣬˳ְԭλ
԰֫ļһҲһԴĥζ㵽״򲻴˭˾˭Ĳǣǵ
Ǻǣ㻹ͦϴģҹҲûƴǣĶ䶷֣
ʲôģܲ˵ѾЩˣ򵥣ֱӣģˡ
򵽶ԷΪֹһΪֹĶÿֽԷΪֹ䶷ȻֱñɱˣҹҪֱģǿ϶ֱӣҲкܶ෽ʽһ򵥵ģܿ鵨ҵڶûͿҲˣ
Ϊ㣿Ц˵ôɣ
λ峤ҹϹֳһ˿аЦʱоЩѾˡ


527 ʧ׼ͷ
ҹĹЦһţΪԼۻˣֻʱޱ֣ص˵ţֱһ֣ԼıעԪֻƾԷϻ߿ߴ̣ȴ˶ԷҪһһȺ˳һмܣҲ㣬ֱһѪ࣬ܲʹΪֹ
һʱˣû뵽ȻôһҲ̫ˣ
ֵȷֱпͬʱҲûмˡ
ĶʵǿһǻռˣռҲޣǶЩõģսɸˣһΪվŶԿʵûκμɿˡҲʲôõˣ෴ǺʹɵĶ֡
˵пΪôһ֮󣬾һӮˣһҲ˽˵þ͵òзһӣȷǺݵˡ
λ峤ҹĽͣҲǶһˮСӵȷǸݽɫ
ĶӺ͵ۿһĶѵŮ˴һҪԼңʣµģҹֲĺݻ˭Ҫǣ˭ͻᱻһҧϵ·
ʵĶ⻰ʱҲ΢΢һݣȻҲֻܱ֤ԷƣҹɲߣԷٲҲһܰĹͷҶϣʱġ
뵽ֶ˼ĪĶµȭͷ΢΢
뵽ҹûаյ飬ףٲᱻնƣǿûֹԷ
ս棬һ棬ֱӳԷҪһȥԷĻǲǿ϶ᱻʯҲǸսĥһ֮󣬶ҹսʽ˼
ʯľǿҪҹְ취Ļǿռ˴ˡ
ҷϳģҲʯľÿԿ֡
ǶֳҪҲܶ㣬ҹشʯµ⣬һ˵Ҫɱ˵һˣͬҪԲҪΪɱ˶ԷӮҪڲ˶ԷҪ£ɱ˶ԷǲŽӮء
Ƥ鴤һ£һ˻ľ¡֮ǰվʱԭҪɵطŵ֣ܹ˺ȱˮʱ䣬û뵽һվͰԼ͵ͬˡ
Ҫô죿Ӵɾûˣ϶ᱻãǱڰϴ˻һ
ֻһôѪȰɣ⬻ٴ˺У˵ոҲǼС£ҿô˰ɡ
ޱȸжҪ壬뵽ȥҪǴЩĸ㶼̶Ļ
νҹʼ򣬡ո˵ҶԸ峤ҲŸλսĻᣬҪʴ򲻴ǵҪλսߣҲˡ
λ峤һӣ⻰˵úȫһǺˣǱһ
Ŀֶ䵽ϣҹ˵úףͿҲˡ
ǽһߣ׷ʱ򣬷ֶԷĿûκΰʾζţԷѾʲôָʾĬϵģڷˣܻܿȥͱ峤ˡ
˵ҹС˵Ļ̫ˣʲôҲң˵ˣǺԾԼ˰
񡣡峤׷ˣֻһ֣Ļһֶû˵
ʱףȥսˡ
ֱӾͻֹˣ׷ֲԸֳȥĸоԶԷֻǽһ͵ԼҪˡ
峤ˣСһҪҹһսٸСһսʿð峤ҧ̬
ȻҹЦǾͿʼɣ峤ҲſΪء
ӵɳҹȥɶԷ˵Ҳʵ
峤Ҫȥƴ𣿡⬻ƿȥֹӣʵڲìܶѡ
һʿȻѡҲûа취ֹӵҫ׷ƽ˵
ҫ꣡
ﰵţȴѾҹγ˭
ȻսҶĹأǾȶְɣʡо۸㡣ҹЦ
ߣһڣȻ˵۸㣬ⱾһֱӰ
ҿ峤ҲܡںķϣԸһԿĻᡣҹֲһ䡣
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ȿһȻٿһ֮ǵľʽʼҹЦҪֱӾģ㹻͸һڵĻᣬȻҲԾܾν
ҿڰɣ̵˵ǾԿһ
ȿôԿ
ĵ̫󣬵ǱҹȴҲҪöˣصõȥҲһ˵ĹͷҶϣ˵ǵˡ
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뷨Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪҹҸ첲ϵˣԷӵҲֻ֣ʱ϶ͻСö࣬ԼʤȻúܡ
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֪ͲԿˣԼòܶˣӮˣԸë
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ĿѾﵽٺˣ˿
ܴ֪ȿҵ֣ҴǰҲôģҹ˵һɵ飬˿Ľţ㻹Ӯˡ
𣿡żϷʡ
ԭϾͻ֪ˡҹ˵Ҽλá
ֻ֮ҹֹͣĦһĶȻһȭͷӱγ
ʱˣҹĶϹҲԷĸ첲ôڻǺõģ
Ĳֻһλ峤ͬһֱĮĶҲֳ˲ı顣
֮ǰҹǶϵҪ̲סˣɿҹ糣ı飬֪϶ҹҪĽһֱû
˶͵ʱ򣬰ҹѾֶˡ
ȻûԪҹԿһɫӰӡ
˵Ӱƺ̫ͨһЩѷתţ͸ˮĵǸһ˶ɵĺɫߣ˿˲ڵ˵ǰ¶ޱȼĶ
ۡ
ϱųѪҹұһ˵þȻֻƤѡ
ʧ
ﶼţʧ֣Է׼ͷҲ̫Щɣ
⣬ǵĵ棬Ѿڴ档
Ȼײϵĵûͣ£һǣԱߵˮŪÿˡ
ۡ
˾ȵؿҹǰӴ˸Դ˿̲䵽˵ϡ
ԵʱҾʧ׼ͷҹһԪҹջУʽʱ򣬾ʹˣҪʼ𣿡


528 ȷ
仰ȻףԷʧˣڷŹ
ոһѾټʯһ䵽ǲǴ̵һ֣Ƿϵòٷˡ
ؼǣڸոԷһʱԷֻ£Ѿʲô¶ûˣ⡭еô
л飬Ȼ뺷ҲǸʲôɵӣ̾˿ҹ˵ȻˣҲΪûð峤ûʸ㶯ˣǴһʼѡķʽһӮ
ôΪģҹͻȻһ΢΢߸ߣȷ
ŶԷµͽŴ󣬰֮ŶԷ֣һԵػص˻Ӫ֮С
ΪԼǱҹˣ޷ԼƵսʽסŲòˡһҹܲڽ£϶ǿ磬ʹĶ֣ҪǶԾû˿ȡʤİա
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Ǿȵǣҹµǵôģ
ƺֻл֮󣬲ٿԼ֮ǰֻƾһЩķʽӵзе֮⣬ҲֻԶݷУûҹֵôȻ
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ҹѪ֮˷ɽڻƵʱ򣬾˴뵶壬ʹҹڶ֮ĲٿظӵӦ֣ðҹУ˷ǷװЧ
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λ峤ڲ²ţ⬻ƸЦ˼벻ֳôһţôǰû֣ҹ֣ƺҲİɣ
ҹǰ̫͵ʵҲͻ֮󣬲ģ֮ǰȻû˵ڣҹһЩսҲֻԼ֪ΪϲҫĶë΢̧ɨҹһۣ˵
Ŷѵʲôս峤Խҹ˳ۣѵܹ𵤾ǿߣ
ս㲻ϣĶͻȻЦһ£Ŀɱģնɱ
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ǸϼһԲǸöǻ˵ǸļһҪȻҲһְܣ֮Ҳ
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ʵҹ֮ǰ˵ֻҪʵ֤Լʸ˵Щ
СӲĶ˰ɣ˼һ֮󣬶һĸо
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ʯݡʯºܲõؽһ
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šʯ¿һ۶Էջûֱӷԡ
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ںǲЩģ˵ҹҪĶЩҲ֪޳Щ»
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⺣ײûѪɲǸ¶ɰͺðˣĺöвٰԺҪúһ顣
˷ռһӣʯݿҹһۣʼʲô֮ͣմīһ֪ʲôƤϻ
ҹҲĨЩɰȵƤϻ
Ƚʯʸ죬ҹȴɵһΪñȽϼ򵥣ֻȼѾˡ
ʱʯݻﲻͣػţҲ֪ǻʲôôӡ
ˣʯںһ˱ʡ
˭ҹЦʵ
˵ʯԼĻܿʽͶֱһʽȫһ㣬ҾĴʽ㿴һͿռȻȻȡȭ⣬Ԫ۳ɽ
ʯʮؽԼһʽԵʲôˣʲôʽˣһȭһ
ǽɾ͸ˡҹԷöЩˡ
롣ʯݶҹû̫ĵ⣬ҲöԷʤԼĴ졣
ҵʽʵܼ򵥣ҹԼĶʯһףͬʱһȼ
һССɰţͻȻ֮ͱѿһ޴Ļ򣬰Χĺˮ塣
ʯݶʱЩɵۣ˵ǻʽ𣿡
ͨóʽȻǻġҹ
Ϊʯݻҹˣ˭֪ʯݾȻܸȤ˵ȻܻôĻʵ̫ˣܲܽңҿ԰Ϊʦ
ȡʯڹҲסˣ峤ǰأѾҪȻΪʦˣˣҲֵùˣ˵°ɣ
λʲôҪ˵𣿡Ķʱ̧ͷ峤һۣոؽȽϷæ¾ֱ˵ɣ˵֮ǻҪŸϻȥء


529 ǿ
ȻһҪ飬⬻ƺǺЦЦ֮ǰǧڣһֱռ죬ڽ϶Ѿˣʣ»ûʧģƹʱҲˣǽأԼǧﺣӦôⶼǴⰡ
ʵܺýĶû˵ҹѾ˿ڣԽû̫˼ҪģֻǴǰߵǲ֣أλƽ־ͺˡ
ģ⬻۾âһ
ô˵⽣ڿҪֱӵԭĹͣӵиĻȨû뵽ô˵һӰѽض˳
˵ʵλǸϲʵڵأǵõ˸أĶԡ
Ȼģҹ϶ص˵ͷĿǰѾ㹻ԴҲ㹻ôˣиأΪ̫ٶ޷ķţøƽְɡ
Ǻǣԭ˴󷽣ղǵˡ׷֮󣬶ԼƢѹɼҶ̬ж⡣
֮ǰǿ϶ҹһС˵Ļϣڣ֪ҹɱ˿֮󣬴˿ԣĶǻҲףҹĶˣҪȻЩӦĶ˵Ŷԡ
Ƕ֮λʲô̬𣿡ʯ¿ʵ
֮λûʲô뷨ĶתͷҹһۣڸԷ֮ջԼ֮ʣǿ齣أԷΪķݣλһݣʣһݣ岢ҪΪǸ壬ΪΣ
Ķ˵ЩʱҹҲ΢΢ͷƺѾͿʲô뷨ˡ
ţá⬻ֳš
Ǿôɣ׷ҲǺͬ
ȷǸ⡣ʯͷҲǷǳ⡣
ȽϣǵȻظܵлõأȻǸõѡ
λ͸ˣôȥ֣Ȼ岻ҪأҲͲЩϸˣԼ̶ɡĶվ
ˣǾͲԶˡ⬻ƵҲվ
ҹһ֣˽һٿ뿪Ĵ
λǾǴʲô⣿⬻ƿҹԶŻعͷ峤
˵Ҳһʵ飬׷΢΢ͷͷһս˵նɱ˿Ǹϼһ϶СǻѽҲȥǲĲǡ
ʵҲĲĶҹڣԵǵأûʲôˡʯЩź
ڻֻǿʼѣһоͿǸ⬻ͻȻ˵Ҳطʲôķݣսʿܶ඼ûᣬ˭õĵ̶࣬Ǳ˭ˣҲ˭ȴӲػҪӺһЩ
˵ҲеҪ˵ˣֻܴӸԵس˭Ҳȶ֡׷ûʲôԼ岻ڱĺ塣
ãһΪ
һΪ

ʮʱ䣬岻Ϊʵߵͣնɱֻ˳ȥǧﷶΧ֮ڣٿĴڡ
֮䣬ȻҲĦ˴֮䣬˲¼Ρ
ҲֻǴһƽɫӣ˭Ҳκβ˭
ʱŷ֣֮ǰΪõСͷҲĬˣڿõˣһݡ
Ҫ̵֪Ϊһأ嶼£˵ʱ׾ͰһظԼǲ
ȻЩرˣǾ͸ΪĶƽ֡أ׵õһ룬ȴֻõһ֮һ
ҽأԶԶǿظã֮ηַ嶼Ϊռ˱ˣҶƭˡ
Ҵôʱ䣬ٴȥҲûʲô壬ҿȥ·취⬻˵⻰ʱĿ⣬ķȥ
˵Һôʯһ£뷨ûҹǸСӺЩ⣬ȻĶ˵һնɱ˿Щţ϶˵УӹɣҪڵʱ壬Ҳ̫ס
ˣֻԼһ˶ѣȴˣ׷Щˬ˵ҿʱ϶ǴˣȻҹĶˣҲôɱһ𵤾ǿߡ
峤˵ò⬻Ҳ͵ռ˴ıˣȴһҪóǷһЩҺѹǵĻŶԸСһ
ôʯ峤ǲһ׷ŶԷԥɫԼ˵ĻǱ㲻ҪˣͲֻвǧıҹҲͬǽ𵤾Ҳܵסսʿĳɱʯ峤ǲȥҲһа취ǣ˵ʱǿԶһЩء
˭˵ˣֻûʲô׵İ취ʯŭ
Ͳʲô׵İ취ҪصĻǾ;һΧ壬ԪʱҹǸɾĲöԸˡ⬻ƴߴٵϴСŪһŻҲ֪ôģѵȻһķʦ𣿡
ǷʦҲǸķʦ׷мҲȡɶѣֻ棬ŪһҲղЩ𵤾ҪʲôãǻˣҪս֮Уʲô𣿸ͲܣҲǸ廨ͷڻĶȥǹЩԻǣЩֵġ
˵õҲмֵ⬻ƺҲע⵽һ㣬ôʯ峤ǳأǱһȥ˻ԥĻݹֿˡ
ʯҧҧðɣǸ׼һҪǵãҹĶӵˣǾĻ
Ȼڵĳ̶ȣǻ𲻵ǵĻ̫𣿡⬻ƴЦ

ʯڣǸҹĶʯݣ˿ʯ峤ķ֮ڡ
ףҪһȥΪ𣿡ʯ¶ɫ
µҲֻôˣʯصصͷ֮⣬ʵ൱ľ޴سԵպʯ壬ֻ»һ³
ףûһΧɱ壬ûгɹĻʱʸûˡʯ֣صš
㿴ôǿ󣿡ʯҲĸ⡣
ʲ̫ãȴһҪӴö࣬ʦһ㣬ȻʵУȴúܶʯİʯԼġ
һʮʯݵĿҲ⡣
岻֪ҿҹǿǶȥʯ


530 ֮Σ
ǧﺣ򣬲ûһ̶֣֮ǰƿʱͽ㺣ƿʱͽ㺣
ڣµûеҲûг֡
ƬĴսʵ٣Ҫ򶼸һ㡣ƵģȴټΪǿĺ壬ȻһĳֱҪ¼ʷġ
˴ƹѾ֪˰ɣʯЩĵ˵
֪ô׷ǲмѲǻô̵ʱڣ㹻ıǿ⣿ֻǻأֱ𣿡
ҵϣأҪܵĻֻЩѶȣǶϣ»л˰ɣ⬻ŴЦ˼
׷ʯҲǸЦƺǺͬĻ
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۱岻УǿߣСλ峤ˣʵ벻κһʧܵɡ
ѹɨ̬ǰнš
ֵǣѾ߹󲿷ֵأȴһսʿûп
ѵĶǣΪܿǣ𣿡ƻ⬻ҲЩɻ
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׷һ۾΢漴ҡͷҹЩЩСǸĶܶʲô
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⵹Ҳʯº׷˵ͷ
ȥҲǸӣֻø嶼Щֱʤһ£ʡ˺ܶ
ȻֱӷֳҲǿԵģﶼЩоԼпܵõأֱӸɴذѻֺá
Ҳ£ʲô⣬Ҷòġ
⬻ҪټֵʱһżӴ洫
峤һû뵽ﾹȻûߵˡ
漴Ҳ˭һ𵤾ֻһȻҲ¡οĽ𵤾ҲֻһǾĶˣոǸ˵϶Ǿ͸õˡ
ֻתͷһסˣΪǿҹ
ûиһߣ׷Щֵʵ
ĶѾˣʮа˾Ķˣ˵ӦǸĶһģȴôһ˳أ
ѵСҲǸҰĵ֪ʵˣס֮ǰأҪһõĺŻȥ
뷨Ҳ֣ߵĸɼ֮䣬Ҳǿ߸壬֮ȻΪĹϵһЩҲǾûеġ
ҹţܼ뵽κһУԷȥա
Ӧøһ𣿡ҹȻЦʵ
ԭҹҲһˣ⬻ƿҹ۾תתȥΪҹľȻѡǲҴɣұ֤Դպоһеĵһ֡
ߣ峤ƺǰˣҿҹǻȽϺʡ׷ҲЦЦ˵˭֪Ǵ岻Ůһ̣ҹ壬ǲϲһǴ̵Ӱɣǻ壬嵹мƣҹĻұ֤ܵõҪһС
׷ʵϲ̫ϲҹʵ⬻ƶҹӡҲ̫ãʱǵһӦǰҹ£ԼΪһǿţΪԼãǽضԼ޴
ֻҪҹǾ͵һǿ֣ǽı֮У϶Ҳ𵽷ǳ޴á
˵ǾͲҪ˰ɣòû˵ҪģҹǸղƽӣǣҪǣλôˣʲôˣĪ٣
٣ڵ廹ҪѾӳǧ֮˰ɣ⬻ЦЦʲôȻҪƬطֵҪˣǲЩĻҪʲôѵҪһռƬӴأ
⻰һ˵峤һҹ׷۾ͬʱҲӿ˼ֲ֮⡣
ҹôǿҲǵָ𵤾ѣΪȻܿأҲµ˼һ𣬻Ҫ¶Էĵز
ΪҪһռһƬأǸǲ̫ܵ顣
ҹ㲻ôƵͷɣôǿĶҲòŴһˣ㾹ȻҪһ֮ͳƬأЦ׷̲סҲԼ
Ǻǣλʲôʱ˵ҪһͳƬˣҹ˵
ͺã⬻һ£ȷԼûЦЦҸղŵĽ飬ؿһ¡
λЩˣҹǰ˼һܣĴǰǣҲǣûҪͳҲûҪһ壬ң˭߹ҪһϢɣ
˼ǣʵû뿪׷ѾЩˣһֱöԸҹҪСһЩڸǼ˾ҪԷ˵ÿһ֡
ȻҲҪʸλҹЦЦʲôǳԷɣ


531 Ϳʼ
ҹӦһ㣬嶼־棬Ҳ޷ı串Ľ֣⬻ƴ˿ȴˣֻǿ츳Ҳֻܰˡ
ǿûʲô˵ҹٴǰ˼ֻǳԴˣðɸλ
ֻֻӳһڴĳϣʱâһ޴Ĺ˲
Ⲣʲôµ飬Ϊ⬻𵤾ʵ峤ҹʲôıҲͲ¡
һǷ֣ԼϵԪ֮Էɿٶʧţ˸ӣϵѪһ
ֻȻҹʼնûж֣峤ɫò԰ޱȡ
ıƶѪˣֹĳ棬ʵ̫ˡ
ҹһˣȻǵԪˣʲôŹֵֶûóģ
ҹ㵽ʲô׷˿̵ŴۣЩؿҹ
ҪţֻǰǵԪ֮߰ˣҹԵúȻżǷģЩԪҶյ˷ѵġ
׷µøˣŹ᲻˷ѣĵԼԪΪʲôᱻߡ
ǵԪ֮⬻ƵɫҲѿȴ׷򶨵ö࣬ԼԪ֮Ҳȡˣ棬ǲһĶѣԸһԼʤ𣿡
԰ҹνʼ磬ֽ˵һ£òƲʯ峤Ҫ۵Ļ͵һ߶ȥϢ£ʰһԴ͡
⬻ƺ׷һ㵵ʯ¡
ʯҲ΢΢ЩΣƺҪ˵Щʲô͵ĻջҡҡͷԾ˴ĳ
벻㾹Ȼһݺǣ׷ڷӦָʯµķ޳ܵС㣬ֱʯ嶪
׷㲻Ҫ̫Ϊǲɣʯ±ﻹЩǱ˼֮󣬷̹ȻΪĶǸأֻΪܹȥ˭ǵ˲ǵĺ壬һ𣬻ҹҸһҲǸ³ˡ
Ϊҹ壿⬻ȴȻȽƽʯ峤ȻҲҹǸĶһҲδؾܷʲôһʵԶԶҪǿöˣԸ彫ֻ̲ѣһǿһŵùģʯɡ
ǽʯˣǧﺣڣֻʣʯ塣ʱ򣬺ʯ϶Ҫܶ࣬ȫǶԷĶ֣ҹҪʲôʱʯ壬Ǿֻһ仰顣
ò˵⬻ƷûǺеģʯľˣʱ϶ʧأ׳ȴԺΨһĵˣôһ׳յľʯôֱĵ벻ס
ʯ¹Ȼ£Ҳֳһ˿ԥҲֻһţŴ֮⿴ۣȻܼᶨض˸￪ʼϢ
׷ջ𣬲һȴǳҹˣֻΪɱǣʯҲҪƴһ֮źðɣ
ģ뷨Ҳʵ֣ҹ˿Ҳ⣬˵ʮ𵤾ֻҪҵĵҲһ޻ء
ôĿҾͲŴҶûԪܱǿõȥ⬻ƣڲ֣һСӣͲò֣Ҳһɵˡ⬻ƵżݣȻҲʯʮջˡ
İɣûֻˡҹγҹһ⬻նȥ
ˢ
⬻Ҳӵӭֻһ棬ĵնϣûüһһֻؿϡ
žžĹ⬻ƵһѪ
׷ҲĿɿڴҶûԪΪʲôҹСȴûܵӰһû
ֲ⵱УҲֿͬžžĹת۾͸⬻ͬȵĴ
ڵϣһ֮ھͱҹ򵹵峤ʯҲһĵ׷
֮ǰʯݷǳᶨ˵ܸҹΪУҪҹҲŹһָĻᡣ
ɾڸղţʲô𵤾峤ҹϼֱһȥ
һлˣһˣͲǶԾһߵĿŰ
ҹɵӣ֮ǰ˵Ļͻᷢһû˵ѣ˵𵤾ʮ𵤾Ҳġ
ʯһ߶пŶӵ۹û˵һ߶Ҳ־ţҹôĻ֮ʯĻкõĽ
ڵҹһʱɱԺأǿѾҪʯ嵱ǹĵزʱʯ᲻һ壿
ʯ峤㲻õǲʵϣҰĺСҲǲ뱻ѣҹʯµתͷȥ˵ȻԺܻ׳󣬵ҿԱֻ֤Ҫʯûַ˼ǿʯҲŸǿҾΪǿʹʯ·ߡ
仰Ҿͷˡʯһ
ʵϣҹ˵һپ䣬Ҳİĵǿˡ˭˵浽ʱ˭֪ҹ᲻ǵ˵Ķ
ҹҲԷĿķǣЩֻܿԺʵ˵ٶ࣬Ҳȷûʲôãһ飬Ҫʯ峤æ
ŶʯɻˣòƶѾˣʲôҿЧ𣿡
Ȼʯ峤һҶҲ̫ģԻʯرķʽɱˡҹָָѾڵ˵峤
ʯ¿Цҹ˵Ǻ̹ף˵ֻҪһڣԼҲ̾˼ҹ˵˳ֱӾ˵ǶԼģ̹׵˾ȵĵز
ǳ˵һ⬻ƺ׷ȻѾ˾Ϳ϶֪ôһ̣峤Ҫɱ滹ڶĴͻ壬һҪǸء
ʯ£ǻʵıһԴϲʤ֣ȴҪ£һΪڣʯȴͻĽָң⬻Ѿܻ
ʵǲģϣ׾ֵܰôƬأôõ飬ʯ徹ȻᷴڣȦ
ǵʲôѵʯͷԴ
峤Ǵʯ峤ˣҹؿ˶ԷһۣĿֻصʯµϣǽ֮ǰʯ峤ǵˣֻһܴĺöӣҷŹʯһڱģͲ峤ˡ


532 ׼
⬻ƺ׷ЩȣЩ̫ţ־õʱҹҲûбҪƭǡ
ʯ¸ףҹ˵ĶģȻ֮ǰʯһֱȰҪҹΪУȴûеֵסصջ
ֱ֮ǰʯͻȻ֮ǰѾͨܵķʽҹʾԸһͬ㡢塣
ʯ֪ȻУͷԴȴܸϵϵġѾֵزǲԸֱҹֲ´оԼԪʧʱޱȡ
ʵҹǾ仰ʱĳɲѡ⬻ƺ׷һĻҲѾһһˡ
Һ˲䣬ѡŶӵжϣѸľ˾ȫһ
λ˵ףֻҪţʯѾûԥеĹǵյ쳣ᶨȻΪУעͻȥֻѡΪˡ
ǵն£峤̱صĹǵնͷһ
ҹ˰ɣʯĸε˵
ʯ峤߰ɣһȥѴͻȻͿǵˡҹɵ˵
ҲûôףȻû峤ǹƾǿߣҪǶɱ⣬Ҳ൱ѣлЩ۷壬ʯ¶һ²˵𵤾ȻҪһɱһ壬Ҳǲ̫ܵ飬ɱҲ֪Ҫ˶ڣ֮ǰ壬֣ôʱգοڸǿ󣬳ʧ峤ûʧأ
ʯһҹûô򵥣ɱһ峤ֻǸոտʼҲǱһ£¶ֻʯһȥĻѶȻܴ
Ȼҹ治Լ˵ǹһҪԷ÷ǹֱӾͻᱻӵ
𣿡ҹûж˵ʲôֻǺüëЦȥɣ˵ôѡ
ʯ²ԣǴǰ϶ΪҹڹŪ飬Ѿ֪ҹһ˼ˣȻô˵һʲôİ취Ѹٵذǿ嶼
ֻʵ벻ףǿڶҪôһӶ壬Ǽһ̫ܵ顣
еĴ΢΢һ˸֮ʧˣʱʯ¸ҹ߳ȴȻԼǰԶȻһĽ
ǸķΧǴȺҲ˵ǴЩˣѾȫҹ˴
ɲǴͻ壬ʯҲһ𱻹档
󡭡ʯһʱ䱻ˣһ仰Ҳ˵
֪˽֮󣬿϶ͣʱ䣬Ҿ;ĲЩǻɣҹŽסĺѹѹһƬǺЧ
ʯ¿ѾȫеսʿҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ⲻʲôɱ죬һȥҪĴִĻҲôϢؾ˽ȥ
һȥûа취һԪһֲʣɾ͸һΪ̫ˡ
˵ģҹͲ飬ֻҪţάִת죬˶ҲҪˡ
ȻСϷǵǻٶһʱ䣬ֻǴʧˣҲû忹˰ɣ
ҹʯҲУô죿ʯЩǵ˵
ҲףΪʲôôһӴķǽʱ򣬾Ȼһ߶ûз֡˵Ȼôô͸¶Щ
ǿǽ𵤾΢ĲҲжϳǰûз󡣿ʵ˭Ҳûз֣Ǵûз֣˾޴ķû˿ˡ
ǰͰһ˸ĴʯȫţԼ߹һ顣
żȻʯѾҾͿԱ֤ʯһٵȥ㶼֤˵ĻôͳεǧﺣأҹȻɣȰʯ嶼˵
ʯؿҹһǸԥһ֮󣬻ǽں棬һ˽ȥ
˵ʵѡĻϲִĸоܵĽ𵤾֣ͨмֺ绽ĸо
һ˴ͱøͨ˲ˣȻҲǱͨҪǿƮƶϵˣһשǽƵģǸо
ոմһԪոջָôһ㣬ֽһ󣬾ǸճڷĽлӣһŰѷ߷Ƶģжˡ
ⲻ治аҹ˴󣬿϶Ҫֱ塢ʯģҲøŽȥʯ岻֪Ҫһӵϣҹǿɾֿˡ
Ȼҹ˽ʱ򣬵ȷ˲ٵʯע⡣
ЩޱԪʧʯǣһ۾ͿҹǼΣһҪס֪Ҫôƿ
ס֣ʯæһ
ǽλãöʯ壬Ȼʯİһ峤һ
߸ǴһȱڣЩսʿ߰ɡҹ˵Żִһ
һײڽϣȻĺ俪˸һ˶ߵĶڡ
ʯҲˣû˵ܸǽһڸȴֲ𻵴еģԽԽªˡ
ڲЩʱʯ̾ʯڳȥ漯ᣬκ˶κж
Ǵʯڳֻ֮һԭصȴ
ʼʱʯӳλصģΪʣµԽԽ٣̾ͱͻ巢ˡ
ҵ˳ڣиСͷĿϲغ漴ֿһˣ˵ýˣҹ
Ѿʶ˰ҹֻǺǺЦţҲԷϳһǶʶңҲûʲôϵ
һ֮̾ͲʲôԣΪʯڲϵŴ֮ߣȴһϢûеõۼĻڶ֪ԷҪ߹ء
סЩʯ壬Ǳˣӳȥ
һﵹҲܴ̾Ūҹʯ֮Ĺϵʯ嶼ˣҹٰǴĳڸסĻ嶯ֻ֣Ҫ˼һʱ䣬ڴĴͻԼ
ǿսʿûԪûԣҲһֻ³
һкټʯĶҲʵ̫ˣȻǺܿͻע⣬Ѿдսʿųڴӿ
ҪסʯͬʱҲҪӳȥ϶ǵȻɵ¡
ϧЩһֻӿڲԶĵطͲòһεͣ


533 
һͷĿŭš
ΪԼǽ𵤾ǿ𣿾ǽ𵤾ǿߣ֮ûԪҲǵĶ֣
һȻɱˣؾǵˡ
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ڴûԪЩսʿ˿ֻţڿ˳ȥϣֻ̾ͱ˶һȫһҹ˹ȥ˵֮һƬӿ˹ҲΪ
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ǣЩսʿǻսʿҹɱĻǴʱӦѾ˽һʬˣҹĽ»ߣһߡ
ǱҹҹЩսʿȫһ촷ۣҹĽֻһ㱡Ļңԭ׵ɳɫסˡ
ʯһʯ壬ĿɿڴؿҹնɱЩ壬Ҳˡ
Сӻ𣿲
Ҫ찡ԪûУȴȻɱ˸һһʵ̫ˡҹǰѵҲ̫죬ɱ˵ģȫ
ȻЩսʿѾûԪ֮ͬĶЩᱻɣȻ˰ҹ֮󣬾ûôõˡ
һ㲻źȵĻңڲ֪ƣػӵնɱҹʯңһ˲û飬ǺޱѡԼĶʯݣҲҹ£һƬҳһС顣
ҹʯѾȫ˳ˡʯ¿Լ˶Ѿ˳ȥҹڼţ̲סš
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ʯǳ鴤һ£һﲻҪ嶼ˣȻٳɣ
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ʯ峤Ҫô˵ǳ飬ôҹǣҲǼǳõ顣Ķı鵹Եʮƽű˼ıҲѹı鶼ûС
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ҹҪѻʹȫɱ⣿ʯ˴һۣǲ¸⣬Ҳʡ
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ʯЩľȻصͷܰҹҪһʼʹ뷨Ļǿ϶ҪԸҲ壬ʯҲڵ壬ֻиöӣֹ˶ѡ
ףѾ峤˵ãӴ֮ʯԸΪĸ壬ʯǰʯ˵黹Ҫõ׵׿Ͽһ£Ȼ븸ڿҹǿ֮ӦҲûʲôİɣ
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֮ǰҹ˵ʯ壬ڣʯݾȻŪһνǾ͵ڰʯ̲˰
һʱʯԥţǵԼɫʱȴֶԷһûбǿȵ˼ĺϣܵϵشӦ
Ȼʯº˵Լ˵˷֮ҹͻȻʹӴȻҲ񿳱һһ
ʱƺѾˣڴҹǿǳ˴֮ѾǴǰǽ𵤾ĸ֣ҹҲδؾɱˡ
Ҿ˵һͬ⣬ϾʯһֱԸʯݺοؽӿڵ
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˵ͻأʯһʱЩˣֱµڶ
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ֵǣĶȻ׵ظ״̫ãȥһضȥˣ˼ˡ
ȻأʯʹԴֻҪĶߣǾ͸Լһģջ֮ǰӵһеȨĶƽ˵
ʵϣԼҲ֪ΪʲôҪȻ٣ҪЩȥأǻǿģҹȴҪĶ˵ҲûеԭֱӾˡ
峤ģʯضᾡľṼ峤ĺʯ̾ʯ´
Ķ΢΢ͷʾԷ뿪ˡ
ʯ´ʯҴ֮нֱԶ֮󣬲Žüͷʵ⵽ô£
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֪ǸҹȷѾҹĿƣڴ棬Ҳ޵УǼȻѾĴҲûʲôµģʯЩʣЩŭǲزȥˣҲûбҪȥĸɣ
ף㻹̫СҹˣʯȴܲΪȻ˵Ҳ֪ҹôģʵ֮ǰҸͲ֪ҹ᲼÷󣬵λ𵤾峤ں޲֮£ͽ˴֮Уȴʵ壬սʿҲ֪֮ͱԪһΣΣʲôֵģ
ʯ仰Ҳ˲ɫ˵ǲôĻܿһ


534 Ҫ
Ȼųֿܣʯݺ˵ҽӴҹĶ˿ǲҰ̫ˣֻڵƣȴɲǲѡڵǲܰѹ³Ǳ̲ǺԵ飬Խһܴ󲿷ֶǱľ
ʯҲǧﺣֻʣ壬ͲǧЩ˻ȡ𣿡ʯԾýֻһ壬ǲ԰ǧﺣסġ
ǲ׵ʯ壬Ļ¾ΪԷĸֻᡣʯȴǺο˵
һ˵壬ʯ¾͸ˣȻֹǣʵҲȷʱѵֻܳΪԷĸ壿ҹﲼ´ѵ׷ͻ壬ʯȥ֪ķֻҪǻȥ֮󣬲ǣҲûʲô취ɣ
ʯɫЩѿףҲʯսΪûǲҪ뷨һúܲң֮ǰ˭뵽ҹܲ˵ķ󣬶ⷨܰ˵ԪɵĶ˵ģ֪ҹжٵֶΣֺοȥ̽ڸ׿ΪĸЩ裬ڴǰʱǧﺣĸĸֻǺû˶ѣһˣҾóΪһǵ裬ǸһǿĻᡣ
㡭ʯһʱЩ֪ô˵֮չЩƣûյôǳΪ˱˸˭̫ˡ
ؼǣǳΪˣһôǿĽɫһֱʯ¶оԷͶȡɣΪҹֻռ˵ıˣٻһطһʱ϶ûôƵʯ塣
ֻҪ⣬ʯڵ˵ǿ˺ܶ࣬˵ѶԷҲӦõõȶԷزŶԡ
أȻ˶Էĸ壬ôоԼһ
ףǲǾٻһطٻһʱҹͻöԸöࣿʯǿʯµĽֱӿڰ˵˳룬ض̰Ļʯĵ˸ʱˣҹҪƬ̽ʯǲҪΪĸֻҪЩʱ䣬ƬҲŪ֪ķ˵˭а취
ʯ˻һݣǺ⣬û̫սʿģҹĴڣһжʲôˣҪסأʯȥַǻǺ׾ġ
ҹ֮ûôѡضʯʱܣȻͲŲٵ˼ˡ
ô˵ͻأ֮ҲҪǵˣʯޱʹأǿĵ̣ȴԼġ
ʱˣ뵽֮󻹹ͳȥһٸһġ
ĶȻ˵ԴǿãʱǵҲÿ˵ģҪߵͷͲҪˣʯݺ˵ʵЩֻһʼѣպǿˣʯֻǸҲԶܵõĺôҪö࣬ǵʵҪųǧǲܵģҹڣȴͲһˡ
ôǸСӣʯҲòһ£ΪĶƺЩŶԷʵˡ
ֻҶ˵ӻʯֻ΢΢ҡͷܸоҹϻźܶණЩǴҪģԺẉ̂ʯҲõ˸ıϣǰ춼Ҫ±̵ˡ
˵ö԰ɣҲֻſˣʯ»ͷķȥҲ֪սʿôˣҹһɱôսʿĻǿ̫ˡ
飬ҿǲܴˣʧȥԪ£ǿ̶ֳȵģҲֻҹһ嶼ȥҲҪ棬ֻҹһ˰ɱ⣬ʯȴȷ˵ҹûҲԼյˣǻ߰ɣѾǿԴĵطˡ

С㣬ʯѾȫ룬ѾķԸȥѲȷûκ̽ӡһ̽ӻر
֪ˣĶȥתͷȥˣҹµòʯȻҸӲƴ
µվҲ̾˿Ҳʵʵʵ̫һЩκһ˿ڴնɱ𵤾ӣо־ɣ
ѾôʱˣôûдӴѵҪһξɱĻ𣿡ĶżֽǣǵҹİΣ
С㲻̫ĵģ˽ûаյ飬ǴǰɱһʱǾòܵ飬ȴ׾ˣҲһûаյĻʹӳڳˣΪӻġ̿οĶ
С㿴ȥƺܹԴЦ̽
ĶɫһʲôҲû˵ת뿪ˡ
̿ĶıӰֻ΢΢üͷ̾˿
֣޷սʿҲΧΧֻ˭Ҳ֪ڷʲô
һȥˣƽû˿Ĳ
ȥˣȻƽĶѾ鿴ȴҲֻܾؿš
ȥˣĶڲͣŲӡ
ʮȥˣĶȭͷüͷһš
һֱ˵ʮ죬ٴοĶʱ֮ǰӣƺһ仯ûС
һУ֪
Ҷ֪ҹڴҶʧȥԪʱ򡣵һҲи޵ģҹսģǿɲʮ˸ǰʮһٸͻҪƵսʿ
ûκΪҹȥҪЩɱ⣬ǴҶ֪רΪսʿ׼ĴҹֻԼͨĳڣҲ˵ֻҪҹΣգӦʱܴӴġ
һֱڣûгǳʲô飿ѵҲԸ˵ĸ֣˵̫࣬ʧ˳Ļᡭ
֮Ѿʮ֮һʼҹʮĶ̣ҲҲЦˡ
ʯ˳ȥ˼ûУǲѾ㹻ǿ󣬶Ϊҹڴɱ˵ӣ嵽ʯ£ҹסĴҲ㹻ʯ¼ɵ
˵ףһжΪҹҹûа취Ӵ֮߳ǰʯʱƬأ¾ҪתΪõˡˣڵأҲҪ
¡
ڴҶڵĵʱ򣬽ͻȻһҡΣۿҪӡ


535 ı
ҹ˵άҲҪ޴ģӽյԽ࣬άֵʱԽ
һĸɾûм󲹳Ҳ͵˷Ҫʱˡ
ڷĽҡεԽԽĶ˵Ķʶ϶ҹ˵ģ󼴽Ҫǰס
ҶûоţĶڣĿתؿŷҡҷĹâѾһ̺ܾһ
âʧţչǰһĻ棬Ƭĵ£ȫһ㿴ȥںĻ࣬һȾϰ߰ѪˣһᵶѪǰ̤ȥ
ǰǧˣֻЩսʿУǴҲãǻҲգ˿۾ﶼ˿־;ƺ˿ûвԼϵƣֻŲͣҹԶĵطȥ
һ̴ѾʧˣڵԪָŶûв
ᵶҹ˵ֻһǰƽЩ޿־ĺ˵ʮǰѸ˵ĶѾ˵ˣþĵҲˣǰһɱȴûһġ
ҹĶ̲סһ
ҹ΢΢һ£ƺһЩɱ޹صˣתͷĶģüͷ֮˹
ֻеİҹһ٣ǰЩͻָȥɱ
ҹˣ嶼ǣ˵ûʲôʸָսʿһ̣ǰѵӳնµʱսʿ糱ˮӿ˳ȥ
ɱ
һߣ
ߣɣ
Ⱥսʿ֮Щھ֮д߻սʿʱ͸ӾɱĶˡ
ҪӲƴĻƾǵʵǰ˻ǴжпܣǺܿϧڵʿ˵ˣҪ̧ԼѾǺˡ
ǣǧ˵һţȴǧྫΧ׷½أǿвһˡ
û°ɣĶҹǰȴԵЩƽ
ҹ۾ѪɫڽţƬ֮˦˦Ӧһû£еˡ
۵Ц˳ͬʱҲޱȵţҹӽӦþҪͣؿɱˣʮ죬߲ݣҲӦǵ˼ޡֻӦе飬ȫ¾ǶҲ֡
ö̾ȵǣڵҹ۾ЩѪ˿֮⣬ƺûмһЩҹϵϢǰҪǿˡ
Ȼ֪ڽ֮ǰҹûжʱ䣬Ȼڴʮ죬ҹȹΪʵһء
ͻˣ̿ǱѾ̫ĴͻսʿͻȻĵ˵壬һγΪǧﺣİ
һһҪغĶҲԶ
İɣһʱǿĺˣҹοˣУֻҪĴƣĽָͻû
ϧ󡭡ֻ̻˵һ룬ֹסˡ
ҹȴ֪Էʲôһ˵֮ǰᾡܵذЩ󶼸ԭʯǧﺣĺ壬ⷨʮ£Ҳ׸ķݡ
˵ⷨҲ𣿡̾ȵ
ȻԵģһһЩֻҪ˵ķλѷͿγɴάֶ೤ʱ䣬Ϳסˣɶٵˡҹ˵
ǷһֱЧ𣿡ʵ
ģӦӵģΪľ󲿷ҶѾ˴Ȳ𻵵ĵطƽʱǾ͸ͨͼһûκãһѴ󼤻ɢʵɢҲֻǵѣ´εʱֻҪٴȻãҹ룬ָΨһҪСĵǣڴûм֮ǰҪȥٻЩŷĽ˷Ϊڼ֮ǰЩǺױƻģһƻҲ𲻵һˡ
׽ǿ·ĵطҶ˰صģ˼𻵡̵ͷ
ûǲҪҹȴҡͷǺͬڽڲƽƻרȥصĻǷ˶֪ЩҪԣе˵ĻԷ϶һʱ佫Щƻһ糣ͺãҪصĻظȫûʲôҪĶǺǣЩá
ǰһҹⷨȻЩСɣĲʧΪһð취
Ҫ𣿡Ķתͷƽʵ
ǣȻǧﺣ֮ڣѾû˵ˣҲԼĳŵȷǸߵʱˡҹ˵ŵʱﲻСᡢ⣬жСӰӡ
ô˵ҲɹʱҪȥˡ
ԲʲôǿߣҲҵһߴܽ𵤾ǿֵķʱ䲻ˣҪȥ˲С
㻹᲻Ķʵ
Ŀ˸һ£ĵ˳ȥΧһӿտֻʣҹĶˡ
ȻҵǣᵽѡҹǺǵЦȻоպѹ֣ɵЩ֡
˵ĳɹˣһȫѣжĻ£ֻʣһҲᾡȫ㡣ĶԶٻޱ֣ص˵š
ȻһתԴЩɵĿǧﺣȶ֮ҲȥߣҪȥҲ㡣
ҹûȥǸ˭ӦǶĶ˵ҪˣЦЦʱûбɱĻ½Ķ
ðĶҲǿЦһ£ҪСһԡ
ҲСҲһءҹҲЦˡ
ᡢ⣬ĪСĸҹԭʱĶҲ֪Щ֮Ĺϵ
׼ʲôʱ𣿡Ķʵ
ţ׼ھߡҹͷ
ѾˣûıҪ
ôߣĶʣҵ˵Ƭԭˣ߻ص½ˡ
ҹʼ磺һһ⡣
ʲô⣿Ķ΢΢սȭͷ
ıҹһʵ
Ķ̲סһЦ
ڣҹһһ֮Ȼ֣Ѿź渡ȥ
ڣĶͷԽԽԶҹҲ˵һ䡣
С㣬֪ʲôʱ򣬶ֻصĶߣҲ̧ͷ˿Ѿһ˵ĺ棬㿪ڣҲܻ
ᣬĶͷת˶̣ҲҪ壬ԼͿغãٹһʱ䣬һȥ
еزʲôС㣬˵Ǹָ
Ķͷ档


536 ٵŮ
һŰźٶȴһ㣬һִֻһӰӣ
ǵȷҹðҹеԼҲٵԽ档
֮ڸԼϢȻǧﺣ֮ڣӦòʲô壬ٸҴ⣬ҹǲ̫ҡסԼΣٵ뿪ˡ
ôһҡǿĺ壬ɵöԼĶǵͷλ·Ļǿߡ
зҲƾ跨УǷƷʷǷƵķɽҲͬСɣǲǿܷС𵤾ĻɽԿٷУǿĽ𵤾ԽýʩչͨԼԽΪСֻлǿߣſʩչǧ󣬱˵ǷУΪƣΪ궼ʲôϡ顣
ںһеʶģ²⵽ǻǿ߻ûģûκ˸鷳
ֻһҲû˿ͣ˼ֱ뺣棬˴Űʱ򣬲һԾ˻ԭĳ
ԭȻһƬԭǺôһƬҹҲüͷпš
ΪƾŰҹԷɳȥǴӺһ·ɹʱѾʮֳˡ
Ͼǻ񾳣𵤾ǣֻƾԪͰҹ֮ڷУά̵ֲʱ䣬ҲǺƵġ
һڻԭУҹĴ֮£Ȼһ̶
ԳһЦеɵˣոϷɵʱ򣬶̣䵽ӲݴУȻǸӿˡ
ҹ¶ţս˵ܶණΪҲܱⱻ˵ʵڲУﻹʮ𵤾ҹء
ڱ˵ֻһѣǶҹ˵ÿɾͶˣٿԵԣһŶʮҲ⡣
ȻҪ˭˵ҹֶرİҹ鵱ԵĻһдҪҹĳɻƹƬ
ЩǺˣҹһܣֻóһǰС
ǴӶģֻһ·ֻܾ߳һԭˡ
һ߾죬м仹ŰҹһΣǿԭľͷ
ԭǻԭôİҹһθ̾
ǲݣҪô󣬾ЩûӵĶټ
ʳﵹҲôȱϾвٵСţЩʳҪöˡ
˵ĶãЩںζǲģҹЩΪʳԶ֮ҹҲЩϰˡ
ȻҲЩϺģֻҹӲϰߣΪ˽ʯ֮ڳѾġҲ֪ʲôоǿһ۶ñŤῪڳˡ
˵ûлҹɲϲЩȵĶֻһʴȵӣÿ춼ֻˮ
һ½ϵҰζʱζͱˡ
˵ǸѲҹǰںû취Ū𣬶½ϣľȡзɽҹѵõ
ڻԭߵͷתҹҲֻӲͷƤڿЩӣΨһҲǰѿˡ
Ҳҿҹһ·УһطһƬĶҪˡ
㰡
ҹſϵҲΪԼ̾
ԭѾˣļҲԽԽãЩζĻݣŪɷĩζټӵ׵Ԫ
ſζҹԼҪǻص˵ϣȫԿ͹ݵʦˡ
ζɢ׼ҪԵʱ򣬲Զʻһ
ҹĿһӱȥԭô죬ҪŻˣڼŻ˰
ŵĶǻСŵĶ˿ģܿˣҹЩһ㣬Լ˶Զж߳ԭӦ֪ˡ
һͷȥͨͨԪûСߵǰʱӱƿһǣ̽ͷһʮСѾͷ
ѾͷõҲüĿ㣬ֻȴżưɫվϵͷҹιĿңһƷʯ㻻
ҹͷһۿ⣬ѾͷۻߣһƷʯֻһ鿾⣿
û̧ͷ˵ʲôԹԵط濾⣬ûԷĻһ
ι𣿡СѾͷҹ˵ҲֳŭɫһֻãһƷʯѾǺܸߵļǮˣ㻹ôһͲǺˣûٵļ̣
ҲҪʯҹһ˼ҵĶһ߶ҪԷǼ̣ѾͷҲǹģ̧ͷػӦһ䡣
ò׼ˣҹﻹЩˣСѾͷʢ˵ӣǲϲҲˣ˲·ͲŶԷҪȥģֻҪĸŲҲܳȥˣ
˵ʲôҹƽһ仰ȴǰСѾͷˣѵҪʯֻһֻãҪһʯôȥ
ʯҹǲԷ򽻵û뵽ȴһʯʲôҹ֪϶ǱʯҪӹصö࣬СѾͷҲҪӡ
Ҳϲ٣Ǻû飬Ҿû׬ñȽ϶֮࣬ҹȤҪթԷֻ뿴ʯʲôҵĶʯҪҪҪ㡣
㡭㡭̫޳ˣСѾͷš
㾹ȻҵĴºŶ֪ҹԷӣȤ˵˵ۣ㲻ҪԲֲǵԵ˶ٸ˵ļǮʲô޳ܵģ
㡭㡭޳ܣһֻԭϵɼã㲻ǿһҪʯ㻹˵Լ޳ܣСѾͷҹĲǡ
ȻҲ֪ԭﵽǣֻҪһˣΪʲôԼȥһʡʯˣúұһ˵ˣǲģǿǿҲһ㲻Լȥҹ̯̯֣ЩЦ˵
㡭СѾͷѾ״ΣͻȻɫһУֻʯҲҪҲҪֻҵˣ
̶ʱֵһµŮֻԭǸѾͷɫ·ɫģںˣСҪʯʲô
ܣҪ˵Ҫ٣Ҫ٣˭ҵģ֪ʲôŲ̾ɱ㣡·ı̶ǳŭˡ
ҹ̧ͷǸСѾͷڿڵðɣʯʯ
ߣҾ˵淸úø˵Ͳ̶ҪúһҹȴȻʲô
ֻҹͷֻϺݺҧһڣζؽ˽ȥȻٵͷҧһڣ׸˱̶һּǮһֻʯĿ⣬Ȼʯһ


537 
̶û뵽ԷͻȻѿ˹һʱȻӶûнӣֱҵϣżæһץסСѾ˰ɫ㡭
ˣ˵ˣʯģҪأ͸ˣҪĻͰ⻹ңҲ·࣬ϴһϴԳԵġҹƲƲ죬ƽ˵
ҲһЦ˵ҲǹˣҧĿӹҲˣҪ˵ӱ̶·࣬˵˲֮󣬻Ҫ˵ˮϴֲ֮ܳԣ⡭ⲻ
ű̶ȥѾЩСˣ˭һҪ˵ļһأ
Ҫɱ㣡̶һԾ£̧ҹȥ
ҹҲʾ־ű̶ץȥԹ۵ȥȴЩεЦˣΪҹȻȥץ̶󣬶ȥץԷһֻϵĿ⡣
ôԵӣȻǼŭ˱̶ԭֻҪѵԷһµȻ˼ݺݳҹؿȥ
̶ҪһԾҪסһƣϧѾˡ
вã̶ô˵ҲǸ۷壬ҹȥͨûʲôֱһȥҹ϶ûˡ
ǵݣɱһͨ˵Ҳ⣬ֻ⣬֦ѡ
顭
һƺشҹϣʱõɶȥ
Ѿ޷أֻҡͷ𱸵̶͸˵СҪ֦ȴƫƫˣ˭С׼ʳ
һ鿾ôС㿾ˡ̶Ҳȫûϣ߷߲ƽ˵˭ǸһôᣬС㿴ϵĿ⣬Ȼҧһڣǣҧڣǿɶ̫ɶˣʲ
Ǳ˼ҵĿ⣬˼ҪôҲܹܵŵ飬Ҫ۸һЩ˵Ҳûò㣬ԲҲɱɣ΢΢üͷȻǺ̻λСݣɱһͨ㲻ʲôСϲɱӦ֪ģСˣȴ
ҡ֪ˣʵ̫̶ֻõͷɻ̲ס粵һ¡
ɵ̾˿ոǿζСһЩθȴûˣʯܱȵ˵ģ
㲻Ҫ˵ˣ̶ҲԼЩСʧҲȥСٿЩ
û˵ʲôֻȴû̫ϣ֮ǰҲûп⣬ֻȴûŵ֮ǰô뵽ҪȥҹĿأ
Ҳûбİ취̶ǸѾͷƢ̫־ҪҹĻҹһֻˡŪӣҲֻԿˡ
Ϊ㿾һ£ֻܿһó𣿡
εȴ̶ѾҪȥץõʱһ˵
˶ǾȵתͷȥΪǶǱ̶ոճִҹ˵
㡭û̶һʱЩţ㵽ǹ
ҹսеĿ⣬һ㰡Կ𣿡
̶һۣӶԷ۾￴˾Ⱥɻ
ոձ̶һưҹɣԷҲֻǸͨˣܻڵģڴϵ£ҹһˣ⵽Ķԣ
ѵǸ֣һʱľ
ٿҹʱǸоԷϵԪһͨͨķˣǸϳǸͷһġ
ղŵǱ̶ԣҴǸ֪㻹ܲٿЩǣȻʮ־裬ҪװʲôҲûзԷ
ǿҲǲԣǸոҿһֻҲҪһȻֻҪƷʯͿˡҹ˵ǿ鿾ҧһڣζسš
ⶼ챻Թˣƾʲô㵱Ǻ۸ôոһûаھʹ㣡̶̧־Ҫٶ֡
һοûöԷǰǰһѱ̶һƸ̶ҪٺˣСˣȥץֻԡ
㣬ʵ̫۸ˣҪԹĶ˵ҪǣĽҰ⣬ͻȻͺܿɣҪҪץһ£̶Ŭɡ
üͷ΢΢𣬵˵ʮҹǸо̶ʵ̫ˣ֪ΣյĵطҪȥЩ֪ϸˣԷǳģô㶼㲻ҲˣҪԷû𣬱ôǵˣҪΪѣǿɴΪԼ鷳ˡ
̶Ҫˡ
ҪٿڣͻȻȻᣬżĸоȴȻ˸о˵ʮֶƫƫл˲ݿܵħ
ոջҪٸҪҪҹץʵı̶̾ʵһۣתԾԱߵȥץҰζˡ
λӣٴ𣬡һǺ̻ģղҵСѾ̶ð㣬
С΢΢һ£֪СƢȻϲѹˣ˵Ǹȴͷһء
ѵǰǸصǿߣ뵽ҹϸһ¡
ÿҲƽϵģҹЦһµõĻʯһֻǲ۵ġ
ȻǺ̻ҲˣȻ֪ҪǼֵʱŮӵȻ˵һʯֵǷڴʱ˵أҼȻҪֵʯļ۸񡣡
ȡĿʯ͸λӡŮ˵Ըһ¡
ǣС㡣Ȼ΢΢һ£漴ûκԥ̾ȡĿʯߵҹߣ˫ֹص˹ȥ빫¡
ҹҲһ£ף˼֮ǰһֻãҲʯ
֮ǰ̶˵ʯʱı飬֪ʯļֵˣŮӾȻ˿۵ظĿţһƴֵĸŮ
Է˵ǸĽ굹ǲ̫һǰӦǺܶһļֵĽ굱ʱֻǸŮѣʲô
ҾͲˡҹֽ˹
Ŀʯӵô󣬵һ֮䣬̾͸о̺ŵľ޴ǱƷʯҲ˰ٱֹ
ʯֲǸСѾͷһҪ˵ӣĻһ鿾Ļģǵȷǹ׵Ŀ⣡
ҹȻ𾪣Ǳȴɫ̽뻳ĵذʯŵ˿档
ոһ˲䣬ֳ嶯Ҫ̰ʯȫɵʵܽһأȻܴﵽ𵤾Ҳܱǿһ
ĿССʯԼһʵٶŪһЩʯĻʵǺܿȥ
ҹһʱĳȣȻߵðǰǶԵģһʱҲ𵤾ĻͲٶȡ
λӣŮٴοڣһССҪҪһ


538 иС
ԽȣԷһǿߣǼСݣȻҪԷİ
Ī˵Сĺ̻ᣬǺĸַų˵˭ȥһ飬ĸȿֺȥ
ֵǣĵ֮󣬵С󣬶˶һƽûвԼ˭һ
˵ɣȻҲһӦҲ޷ҹ
仰Ƿ⣬ȽصҪȥԷһƵĳ嶯ҪһЩӸ֪˸ǵŮ˵϶Ҫȥɱ˵ġ
ԭҪ߳ȥܻҪüʱ䣬Ǻ̻ΪһЩûа취Ѿͷֶô빫ӸһͬУģһ·ϵĿ⻹ǱʳҶ㹻ļ۸񡣡˵͸żҼ
ǵǶѾ˰ɣҹϿһۣԼǽ𵤾ˣɼǵĶֺǿô˵Щûиӣֻʮа˾Ѿˡ
㵽ʲôˣһɫ䣬صǰ档
ôʲôֻ˵ʵѣҪǵĻѾˣȵ𣿡ҹ˵
λӸ׷ɱǵĲһˣĵٴ𣬻ż𱸣˵õȷʵһ𣬵ȷǻЩΣգܵõӵİľԲݴ
ҵʵûôߣ𵤾㶼˵ĻҲûа취ﵽ㡣ҹҡҡͷ
ԷĽ𵤾Ѿɱʣµ˶£ԹӵʵӦòǡȻûз
ôأҹʵ
ûһҭ˵ʵڣֱӾʺôûôС̸Ǯɣ
ǰСԸһ£Ҷ޲ܲϳȥЩ꣬ӮСЦһ£ǾѾˣĶˣ׵ֻںôӡ
Ҳ֤ʵС˵Ļ˸ЩɱֲһˣȻܻ˷ôʱˡ
ҲΪҹǸˣֻǮһʶûеļһ
֪ҪʲôôƺҲû뵽Է˵ôֱӣҪԼļ룬ԥһȴû˵ڣҹѯʡ
ʲôĺô𣿡ҹ˼ЦЦ
㲻Ҫ̫֣Ҳ
ҹӵ뷨ڱ¶϶ҪСġ
̸Ҷûпڣֻǲֺôԣʲôɹֵģҹ˼ɻ
⣬Ϊǲ֪ʲô˼¼䲻֪ٵſܣҪǼҺСһ涼ҪѾ˼֪ﾹȻвСĻһʮ궼²˴˵ĲǸոȥץõı̶
˿ֻãһҹȻոǵĶԻҲһЩ
Ǻǣǿ϶ˣҹڿ⣬ǼֵʯĶЩˣ󡣬Ҳ֪˭Ҳûм֪㲻⣬Уӣ󡣬һ⣬͵ҵߣҲδؾͻϲԣͷֻʸ󡣬Ҳܲϲġ
һʱ䲻̶ˣҲ֪ҪôӦ
Ƕҹ˵˼ǾԺĸûȤĳֲм
̫ˣֻתһ£̶ͷСˣ㾹ȻһȤûУǲˣûİ

̶Ҫ˵Ҳû뵽ҹ˵ոյһ˸Ȥ֪ӵʲô
ҿһ·ȥҪǷһ飬Ҫģҹ֣صϣʱҪʲô㶼ȥ
УС޸㣬ҲһҪ޸𣿡̶̾ʹҹ
˼̫ˣ˵ŲϲС㣬ȴֵֹҪⲻǹСµ
ģҲô׵ҪġҹҡҡͷЩм˵
ĺƺҲڿţ֮˵ҳԭھһϣֻҪһȫΪ
ͱ̶⻰ᣬȻСҲǷҹ塣ʱҹСĻ˵鲻ԼģҹҲͲóˡ
ãҪľôһŵҪΪŵȥֻҪҪʱܾҾͿˡҹҲʹصͷ
ʱ֪ļܴŬӮø飬ΪľǵԺҪõ˵ıӻΪ֮ĳͻʮа˾ǲɱġ
ΪСôƭ𣿡֮Э飬̶ЦСĻ¿Ҫүأ̴˰ɣ
ס˱̶һۣҲô϶ЩαҪ˵أһˣٵ˴ǰԼҲûʲô취
Ҷ˵Ҳô׵ʲôôģҹ˵Ȼʲôһ飬һҪ˵һ¡
㲻ôͷ˰ɣ̶ҲЩˣԼոյȷǲ̾˵ƭ˾϶ֱӵҪġ
ܲܲҪôףҹ˵˼ǣǻصһŵһ·ϵĿҪǮģ˿Ҫֿ㡣
ĺ
㡭˼˵Լף̶ŭ
ԭǲɫֻ̰ƶѡ
ոոյļǮҪܻصһǵĻǼ˲֪ҪԼֻãһֻþʯŪһСѰɣ
һôȥԣȥûôġ
Ǻðɣ͵Һ׺ˣҲ⣬ҹ̯̯֣û׵ȥ취С⣬ֻ⡭ȿȣ⣬һҲǸ˵ܿɰˣ԰ɣ
ԣͷ
̶ҪÿʯͷһͷãһС˵ҲһĻȻôһ
̰ƣ̰úܹ֣ʱܱһɫжҪǿһٱ
̰ƵĲƵƶѣ̻鲼£˵ȱľǮˣҪһɫжǮҪһҪǼСĻǲѡ
ô룬ҹɰģȻֻϲǮۣޣôܿɰɰִʾȻõͷ𣿱˺òã
ӶˣǹӲ˵ЩҶǻᰴ۸ʯģƺҲڷд˼ɣΪ⣬ûдôʯǷģȻص̻֮һӣ֪𣿡
û⣬ŶԣиС⡣ҹͻȻ˵
㾹Ȼ⣿̶Ҫˡ


539 ǰ޹˵ĳʦ
ȷʵôһС⡣ҹҲЩ˼ЦЦͬʱָСָ⣬ʾжС
˵ĵûн⡣
һǻȥõͣǴӱ˵ǹӶҶ԰ɣҹʵ
Ȼˣ̶̰°΢Ժ󲻹ʲôۻģҪǵָӡ
ҹֻЦЦȴûлӦֻǽʶԷ⣺ȻǹӶıڣӦùܷɣҲ˵ҳԵĿ⣬ҲҪǸʯġ
̶һʱ׵Ҳû뵽ҹС⣬Ȼ
ǺЦһ£ƺ̰̰ú˼˵òȻǽףǵȻһʹһʣ㻤ǣȻҪ㷹ԣĿ⣬ȻҪʯԶ٣Ҷᰴ۸ġ
С㡭̶ֻԼͷ׹
˼˵ԷԵԽ࣬׬ʯԽࣿϾȻֺ¶Լ⣬ȴ׬˵Ǯǰ̰̰һ־簡
ʱ䣬ҹæµҹޱȣʱǰƤĹߡ
ιҲ֪Щʲô̶ͻȻԱߺһҽأûУ
ҲιҵȻ֪ڽˡҹֻԹԵذƤ⡣
ˣû̹մִ
ҽҹ˵ţһ
ɱûУ̶ʵ
ɱҹشҲ򵥡
˵⵶ɱ𣿡̶ԥʵ
ŶòɱɣõɱĻޱȽ϶һЩҹֻڻشš
ɱ̶СЩףĻȻ֪Ҫô˵ˡ
Ǹӣʱӹ˻ͷѵɱ˵ĻܲܲҪ⡭
ҹ׶Է˼ԭ⵶մѪ
ǰҲûЩŮ飬Ҳ⣬ʱҲЩΪѵתˣе𣿡
̶ҡҡͷҲҡͷҹҲֻҡͷˣû취ˣǽһ°ɣҵĵȻɱˣҲǺܾǰˣҲ֪޵ѪϴٴΣܸɾġ
˵Щʱ룬ЩӦҲްɣޣôһĻѵЩˡ
飬Բ˵ҪȻĻǰѾͷҲûθڳĿˡǳԲҲûʲôϵǵʳֱӾӰ쵽ҹ룬ǿɾͲˡ
ҹҪʯԲԼҪŵԣҲϣԽóԽãʱѾͷԵԽ࣬׬ǮԽ࣬ʵһ¡
ҵĽȥ˺ĵĶԻҲˣҲɱ˵ĵԼԵ⣬ԵһѾµĶ̽
С㣬ѽȵؿǰı˵ʲôȴĴˡ
ȥðɡ
С㡣ֻýǰѾµĶ̽øҹ
ҹе˵ָ࣬ڽϵ£⽣ȻƷʲ̫ߣǺܷ⵹á
㡭̶ٴα
Ѿ¶ģȻصһ֮һҪҹĻȥ˵κһ仰ˣƴ
ҲЩЦЦСϲıĽ˵ƷʲҲˣһθãȻ⣬Ǵ˵Դ뵽
˱Ķ̽ҹͰȫ㶨һ
ЩѾ˺ܶΣһгòˣϵζѾƮɢ
̶űᣬȴ΢΢üͷΪʲô֮ǰһֻһûζ㲻ǹİɣҸ˵ĶһǿǲǮģ
ʲô˵ЩһҰѶˣ㲻Ҫˮͺãҹû˵
ˮأ̶ص
Ҳ΢΢ɻѾòˣǵȷղŵζúԶֻĿ⣬ԼóСôᱻⶫأ
ʱֻҹһȡ¿õ⣬ͻȻһһ΢ϸСĵٿ굽
ż̵΢죬Ʈɢ
׵֮벻Ȼܿ壬ʧˣĺƺҲһĻż־ȣ漴һ㾹Ȼ׵Ԫ
겻壬˷ˣ϶ţΪӵˣһ÷Ʊɫ
ԼûаѶԷС￴һֱżȵĿ֮ǰΪҪԷڿȻš
Ǳû˸ȥԣû˵ӹţҲ˵ֻҪӵʣ˵ǰ;ȷǲġܰ£̻ᣬպ̻õضһ㡣
˾Ȼ˾׵׵Ԫ⣬ҲúЩ־ٶ˵ߣҲܳƵǰ޹˰ɣ
û취˭óأҹ˺ĵ˼ֻûа׵Ԫ¶ҲоĶžУ˳ְѹ׵ݵǰС԰ɡ
ѿСĵ˺һСƬŵԼϸϸؽ֮£֮󣬲ŴӴڵݵ棺С㣬Գˣ׵翾⣬ǡͬ죡
ҲǹһԹ׵翾˰ɣ仰Ҳ˼ϷʣͻȻ
ιôſأҺ㻹ųء̶ҹһֻ֮󣬾Ȼٶˣæߴٵ
һֻˣҪȥ׽ֻУȻһһֻҹָָ͸ϳͷ
ҺһֻӦùˡ̶֮⣬һֻʣһֻǸϳˣ㹻ġ
ǰһֻҳһֻλ˼ҾûˣԻҪ鷳ȥ׽һֻȻ༸ֻҲûϵĲ׽ҹư͵
ʲô㻹Ҫٳԣ̶ɴ۾
ǰ̫ԣǼȻٳһֻܶ׬ʯҾΪѣٳһֻɡҹԵҲεӡ
ողųԹһֻѵǷͰתô̶߷ߵӣԴҹ̲סҪ
̶æסոСķӦλǺܿصģ̶˵ǵöԷ⡣
̶ö񡣡ȻҲˣȥٶ׽ֻɣڳš
ǣС㡣̶ȻϴԸǲΥС˼
ȥɣٲȥĻˡҹҲߴš
ʲôģѵ⻹𣿡̶ϴ󲻸˵š
˵ôңǳԷҲҪץʱ䣬һ׷ˣ˵ûпãǶˣԵʱ䶼ûˡҹǺһЦ


540 Ҳ
̶һĹתȥץˣҹٿһֻ͸˸ϳˡ
ȵֻõʱԥһ£ֻ÷ֳݣԼȡ֮һȻһɾĵطʮŵس
ϧûоƺȣҹһ߶̶ǰֻ͵һ߶Щź˵þöûкȹˣ̫źˡ
ҲЩƣֻ֮ǰߵôæȫˣҪҹİֻãű̶һҪץˣɵЩЦȵһǣһһƲӡ
Ҳ֪м죬û취̰ɣҹҲεص
ӣҪ㲻µľ࣬ﵹһصĺþءϳͷʱȴ廰ˣƷ⣬ҲɵøпţܳԵôµĿãǲһڵһƣǵȷ̫źˣ
ŶǸո˵֣һڵһƣҹ¡
ǣƿҷ˲ٵ򵽵ģڵһưͷԴҫһ·ҶûúȣҪҳԵⱲӼóԵĿ⣬ҲóأҸӵһ
˵ţͷóһС̳ƣĵ⣬ȡ˼ֻÿֻﶼ
ҹţȻƢȵ֮Уȴִ͵㣬˻ζĺþơ
Ȼҹһ䣬ͷƺȥ
ҪҪҲȵ㣿ͷƺҲºܸߣ֮ǰһֱô˵Ҳϡ
һҪչС㣬ұͲʤǲȵĺá΢΢òף㿪ھܾˡ
ﲻÿһƱͲôˣŮӣٺһҲǲµġͷȰ
ѽȻʣһһ𣿸һ룡Ҳ֪Ķı̶ֻڵϣһֻ룬ͬһһ
ιƺȣƲúȵġҹŰѵõļƶൽԼĶ
úΪʲôҪȣҾϲֲúȵľƣ̶Ҳʾ˿ظҹ
вأҶһźáϳͷҲǺǵЦ
СѾͷƬӣٸƺȣҲ㿾ˡҹֻʹɱﵣв
ʱ̶ŷ֣ԭ֮ǰⶼѾԹ⣬ʱҹӶˣܽѳ˭ִֻ֪ȻҪҷøˣûа취ԹֻúݺݵصҹۣȴĲҸҹˡ
ⳡ棬ҲֻǿЦҡͷ̶СѾͷйֵģ֪ҹСںҪ£ˣƫƫҪԡλҲǸƵˣΪһƣ鿾⣬Ҳ̶ܸһ˿ûдȡ
Ϊ˶ֶһ·׷ɱգǺ˲١
ιѾѾƶøˣҿⰡ̶ҹֻűž̳ӺȾƣȴܵϵãһʱֲ
ҶԱˣʲôҹ̵˵
㵱ȻԱˣһûгԱأǣһûгԹأ̶ҧŭҹһǹġ
ðɺðɣҾٸ㿾һֻСѾͷ鷳ҹһ߶ţһ߶ſʼټϿܣͻȻһ£ҺоеۣҪһٸ㿾
㡭̶Ҫץˡ
ҹһ̸Ŀڣˣȸ㿾˵ͷСѾͷһ֪ϰס
ⲻʱѾɢζҹٷֳһ˿׵Ԫ뵽˿ʱֲͬѰζ
԰ɣٲˡҹ׸̶˵
˵ʲôģӴҵĶôͻȻˣ̶ͻȻɫѿⶼ˲ϳԣֻǽԼĶӡ
˵һˣƫƫڳԲ˰ɣҹҲŶܵ
㵽ʲôˣڲ˲ԣˢذνҹָȥ
ʴˣҹָָ󣬡ӦǸͷʲôˣȻھҩ
һŷӦжͺĿ϶Ѿжˣֻҹͱ̶˲ʣǿ϶Ǿ⣬Ϊֻȹơ
ǣҹ֮ǰһֱ˵֮ĻͲµʲôƵģɼȻµˣΪʲô˶Էƣ
ţеıȴѾָǸϳͷϵıʮ࣬Ϊ֪˵Уֻʣһмսٴ򲻵ԷĻСΣˣԼͱ̶϶Ҳɡ
Ҳ֪֪ԼΪƼ˲һֱشû˿һʱ
ǺǣСѾͷΪһ˾ܵסңϳͷҲϣͷϵĴһҰñժӵһ˫ǵС۾´ĹؼλȻɫĸоµһ˵ѾȻȲϺģǱٻ¥ĹҪƯöˣҪ棬˵ܵôƯСģɱҲǿϧЩҪǿϸ˼ңÿ̺ЩҵǿԲɱ㣬ô
Ȼ֪СݣǾ͸֪˭ҼС㣬̻ᶼŹ˵
ʵԷȻ֣ЩȻúԺ̻ݸ𲻵κвá
С椶ǲҶҪĻǵûʲôģͷ۾ɫ⣬޲Ŀ·ǹ⣬Ȼǿ֮ǰǸͨ˵˿̺Ȼһڵǿߣ˼ҿС椶Ҳ࣬ڰ·ˣɾͱ˼Ҳϧˡ
㡭촽ҧѪȴ֪Լǰ˵Ķ֡
ҲǶԷɢϢȴѹƵоѡ
ֲһֱûвͷ⣬ԭԷʵҪԶԶԼ
ͷҪ֪Ŀǽ𵤾ʵˣҪɱҲ練ƣΪԼӮ𣿡ҹڵ˵
ҹһۣʮֲԸԷעתƵСϣȻȥûʲôãСͻȻָΪͷֻͻȻߣֿԶǲܵġ
ѶԷעСϣǾ͸Ӳܷ漣ˡ
һ·϶ûж֣ºĵûôأͷĿ䵽ҹϣһֱ˵Ҳ޴жƣڣѾȷ˵ǽ𵤾ʵάŲѾǺܲ׵ˣΪһмɵ𣿡
˵úһҲõҩʱЩʵ㻹ǿְɣȻһҲڶˡҹżϷʵ㲻Ҳʱɣ


541 Ⱞ
ǺǣΪ˼ôƭ𡭡ӴͷδʱͻȻס˶ӣɫҲѿҳԵﶯֽţ
żҲǸ˵ϣľﲻҲҲҹǺǵЦţһԼҲжľûС
һʱЩԺҹı߶ˣҲ㲻ˣǸͷ˶ʳﶯֽšҹҪͷõö࣬ΪҹûǳԵ¶
ŵʱͻȻоĸʹ㵵ҹ桭
Ǹ˵ˣʵжҹָ̯̯пţںˣҶ˶ȻܹͬͬͬͬͬͬҲһԵְ
񾭲̶ȻûгԵ⣬ȴ˲ٵľƺȣʱƺʹøһЩŸԵ֣
ǰһϾͶҪɹˣһɹԵ֣ʵͬͬͬҲ̫ҹȤ
ԭҲģǴѽҩңҲѽҩ㣬ֻûзôͷ̽˵ҶûкôαΪ˵֮
˵õǺܲҰѽҩ֮ϵŮ˹˭ҹٺЦ˵
ҹ˵仰ͱ̶ң뿴ˣԭ˾Ȼɱǵģ
ͷһϣ۾תţҰѺĴߵĻҿԸǧöʯ
ǧʯҪģǾɵ𣿡ҹһ˵Ǻ־ɫŮɱһͨĽ𵤾ֹǧʯɣο⻹ɱҪ׽ôһ𵤾ĴŮôߵݵλģǧʯҲ˼ڣ
ͷƺԥ£۾һ㲻ײľâǧʯֻҪŮ˸ңҸǧʯ
ҹԥؾܾˡ
ͱ̶Ҳˣڻȫ˵ʱҲûһ˰ǼС㵱һּۻۡ
С㣬û°ɣͻȻҲжĻ˵С϶Ҳ˶ټӶ¸Ӳˡ
ֻĺģѾ˰㣬ȫȻûаϢ
ҪȥȴôҲվˡ
ҳһʯѾˣͷЩýҩٲĻһˣ˵һ򣬾һʯòˡ
ҹһҲżҧɿڡ
ʯֵܣܹ˰ɣͷһֱͼڵĶȥǴ˿ȴоǶƺʮ鷳ΪѾֵסˣɫҲڱѿи͸˼ֽˣҲҵĶûҵĽҩҲɡ
Ǿʹһˣҹ޿ֵ˵˵һҲһԵ֣ǷǲţϾҪʵ˰ɣ
ͷˣСôϲôôô⣿
ֵܣү̫ү㵽Ҫʯſϸҽҩʮòãеı꣬ȫˣܳ˰ɣͷ֪ԼһǣΪԼͽû뵽һרҵģûжˡ
ʮ򣿡ҹʵ
ǧȷֻʮ򰡣ͷ䷢ĵ
벻ǼСôֵǮ̻ᵽʲôͷҹű̶ʵ
ۡ
ͷһѪҪ˵ô죬ΪСӺ˽飬ͷβթСʲôͷ֪ôӰ
ͱ̶ŭĿҹһۣȴûд𻰣һ˶Ǹҹˡ˵
ͷһҿ˵ӣҹüëµҪΪҲ֪˭͸оҺúŪʮʯУڲֻǺĵء
Ҳͷ
Ҿ˵ǺԵôۣҿǻһɣҹ˿Էв
㵽ҪʯͷѾҪˣץ˺ģֻʮʯӽԣ˵ҪٲſýҩһЩҪ죬һŮˣҾõҩҲˡ
滰ǼٻҹĵڸԷྡ
ϻҪͷãһҧˡ
İ⣬Ҳϲ˵ϻǸ滰ɣҹԷѡʾǿұӣ滰͸ɣʯҶҩġ
ۡ
ͷѪˣһǶһǱҹģĥ˰Ƥӣһȫˣġ
ֲˣҹѵ˵һﱾҪˣרģʵ벻ˣ뵽̶ֳȡ
ԣ㵽ҪʲôʲôԴӦ㣬ҲҪˣеʯ㣬ֻҪһšͷһòˣҹ֮󣬾ͷһֱòû취˭ҹǸƴļһء
ڿˣʯóɡҹǺЦš
ͷҲ£ӻȡһָӸҹΪûץԶԷֻһ룬ҲвʮʯһӵĻҪʮʯһŽԪȫˡ
ҹǽָץ̽һ£ֹȻҲǸ﷨ⶫͦձġԣִָĿ涼кܴĲࡣ
ʯǲ٣ָҲôõӣ㻹ԼŰɡҹ˵ţָȴﷴţһӵ˼ûС
ͷŶԷʮ˴Ƥ鴤ȴҪڿܾӽү˵ʲôʲôֻҪһȻǽ𵤾ʵһЩģȫʩΪǽ𵤾ҲδؾͲܴɱˡ
ôɱ֣´α˶϶ҪˣҲôϲӵԸ񰡣ô죿ҹһΪѵӡ
ͷ۵һѪأϲҵԸһĶɱ֣Ҫӣ˭Ը˵òҧװĸôˣ
ҹӥǶûж˭͹ͷүĵʶԲŸԸԺķԸҲûеڶүүģǲٱġͷԼ˼Էˣ̷ԶЧҹһˡ
ӥ֣ͱ̶˵ɫøѿ
ôʶϼһҹʵ


542 ϲ
ҹһţһֹ̽ȥס
ʧɫҪͻȻоһƵĶȻҹָӿȥ׶ԷȻΪ
ȷһɱ֣˺ֻҪǮʲô˶ɱǽ𵤾Ҳҽӣ΢΢ҹҪǵĻǿ϶ΪԼⶾˣӣֶ伫˵ɱŮӣȫǱٰʵǱӵ˼Сˣ
ӥһʱýƺҹĻɱ֡
ǵҹȻΪⶾ͸ǶԼ˲ˡ
֮ǰԼĶҩһֱģȻܰɱĥˣƶԷԪȴǱܶ綾Ҫǿöࡣ
ɿҹڶúõģ˼Ǳǿģڱһһشɡ
˵䣬ҹѾɿתץס̶̶ҪѣκθͶˣֻҹץסˡ
ӥӳ׾ûкȾƣеӦҹĶҹҲ֣Ǳ̶Ǹҹ˲پƺȣܱ֤ͬԼµĶҹ˵һöûС˵һ֮ǰŶӺЩװĶѡ
ôıɣûжװжӣԼ̸Ϊ˴Լ𣿷ô˵һйˡ
ûɣֻиΪĿɱֹӥȻڲ֪пʼ˱ˣҲһ¡
ΪɱĿֶΣ벻㻹һŵҹĽܣ΢΢˵ͷȻǳһ䡣
Ŀ࣬ѵԼҲŵ
ӥ˲оһ죬һʥޱȵͲûĤˡ
ǰǰΪɱ֣ʲôҶɱĿΪΣκιʧүʧӥҪһ£λ㲻Ҫ˵伫ʵΪɱְֵҵ°
˵̶ĶҲѾȴ˲ΪΪֹҲ֪ҹҪʲô˵Ǻ˵ĻȻûжǾ;ӦûŹӥ˵ͼǾ͸þˡ
ѵҹӥһҲϲŮ˰ٰ֮ɱ
뵽Ѿոպɫ»Ұȥ
ҹı£϶ӥҪǿҪôĻϵĶˣҲһûзأǻ治ֱӱʹء
ţ²¸Ҳû̫Ĺϵޱƭˣûͬҹʵ
ûУӥɫ˱䣬εҸոճ֮ʱһǺΪɱһĿ꣬԰ˣԴ֮󣬾ҾһֱǶ
˵𣿡ҹת
˵Уȷ˼ңֻäĿص˵ͷ
ͺãҹˣ㱰ɵֶΣ̰ƵĸԣҶ൱ϲ
ǣлӥû˵꣬һѵѾ˸ԴȻԷôֵĶûп㡭㡭
ҹûԷһҹԼУµϵѪʲôҲûзһ˵Уϲɱľˣ
ͱ̶֪ǳһҹǼ˼
ι㵽Ҫô̶̲סʵ
Ұô𣿡ҹ̧ͷʵ
㡭̶Ҫŭȴ°ѶԷŭˡ
ģ㳤ֲÿҵƷζûôôġҹԷ˵ֲ˵ӣɵЦ
㡭ˣ̶ҹĴ𸴣ûиΪǿҵرӶ̡
ӣ׼δ㣿ҲЩɻֻٴοʵ
ҶѾǼС̸ˣȻҪǰȫȫͻصʲôһˣҹȥȻһһ˼ֻãˣոǸͷԵģҲǵҪʯģ˵İ
٣Ų̫ȻһЦİɣС㲻ƽһʯѽãСϵĶЩС㣡
˵ͻȻһֱȻѺĵĶˡ
İɣǼСûжҹҡҡ֣˵ôأҪٸµͻˣҪǻɣҵǮ˭ȥҿ϶¶
죬ֻܿЦһ£λӿȷǺˣֻ˵ķʽ˺Щû˵Ҳζ
ιȻҪǣΪʲôոջҪҺ¶ֱɱǸӥˣҺŵùꨣ̶Թ
СѾͷҪˣҿûи¶жΪƺȣҹ˵ŴӿץһֻãŵӱţҧȥĶҽģлңҪʣ㽲ˣ
ǡ̶룬ô£ȥϷ䣬ΪʲôҪ¶
˱̶ζӣȻص֮ĹӥĲ룬ĺǸո˯һ㣬Щ֮ⳡϷҲҪӥûͬѡ
ģ̶Щŵؿҹ
Ҳò˵СǱѾҪöˣҹһתͷҲ˵㰡㻹Ǻܴġ
ѽѽ̶ҧһץʣֻãҹݺҧȥ
˵ӣɵֿЦ̶ҹĶ֣ȴҪȥԷ죬ҹҲһֵķ緶ûУÿÿܰѱ̶ҧţڣһ·Ųįˡ
С㣬ӥ֣˵ǵٲй¶ˣҶԷɱֻֻһˣ˵滹иǵ
㣬ȻѾѹӥƷˣΪʲô˭ģǲ֪˭𣿡̶ʧʱԹҹ
ûõģ˸ô˳ǵ鷳϶ݱ¶һĸй¶˳ȥ϶ӭǺ̻ıǹӥֻǮɱ֣Ͳ֪Ļߵݡҡͷ˱̶Ŀ
㣬ô˵㲻ǿ˰ɣ̶û˰ԼЩյص
˵Щʲôյ
Ȼ˵ĺ̻ôǸҸԵˣӦҲһǳʱ϶ҲǱܵģǶйעҲܲ̽ǵ٣ӹӥĻҲƶϣǸĻҪ׽С㣬ӷΧ͸Сˣ˭º̻ᣬرϲǼС㣬ַҪõɵĵزַˣӦòģҹ˶٣Ĺͷ£Ķӣֶ׬ʯŰ


543 ͻ
㻹˼˵ӥ̰ƣ̶˷ۡ
ӥΪʮʯƴҹΪʯԼˣ̰Ƶĳ̶ȣ֪ˡ
ĺģҹǰλ֮һ𶼳Ĭ
С㡭뵽ʲôųڽе
߰ɣǻصһǣһǸ۵ġĵҲ˼ֱ䣬ƺҲµǸĻ˭漴ֻһ£ӣε㣬̶ѾͷЩ׾ϳ飬»Ҫ鷳һ²У֪м·˻֣Ҫϻȥһǣ˵ĳŵ֮⣬һӱġ
û⡣ҹʹشӦˡ
ǵ̶Ƿۣҹ˼ǣҪжⱨĻͻкܶƵġ
ƺٴθҹл֮󣬷Ըͱ̶˶صһ·ˡ
ŸոտʼߣҹͻȻڣҸϳû£Ҳʶ·
ͷ϶ðǵǵ˵ԭֺ֮ǰһֱǹӥ·ȫûһ·ôߵģҪȥĻȷˣӣôģѵһҲô
ңҴûгȥҹ˵˾ʵ
ϧʵûţǴϻ۵ҲΪҹ˵ôվ⻹ǺϾġ
ӥߵ·Ӧû⣬ȻҪһֱȡǣͲСֽ̫ţױǷ֣ԳһֱߣĻ֮ڣӦþ߳ԭһˡĳĬһж˵
Ǻðɣλڳһ·˳ɣҹǺЦ
˵һҲ˵ڵ·ߣӦû̫þͿߵԵˡʵҪ̫ȷ·ߣֻҪ죬ҹƾ谵ҹɵϿȥһۣҲ֪ô߳طˣֻҪڵķ򲻴ûʲô⡣
ʱңɫ
СҪҹ·Ϣһߣҹͣĳܷĵطʵ
Ĭһ£Ĳ˵ҹ·ûʲô̫ˡ
ǲõˣ첻˯Ҳûʲô⣬һ۾ҰĻǿڳϢҹЦ
˿С㣬ָּεЦݡǾûжģôһ˵Щˡ
СģҸֵҹˣʲô̶ûѹҪҹһ㣬˵ѾҹԱߡ
ңҹ˿Էӱǰ˵ֲÿҲ񡣡
㣬̶ֻӦڶʲôȻ˸ըˣڼ㣬𣿼ӣ
ƾΪҪʲôĻֹ𣿡ҹЦһʾԼĲмҷַ㶯ˣţҲһ취ûУǻȥ˯ɡ
㡭ǲˣ̶Ҳ֪Է˵ȴϳϡ
̶ɣҲˣǶúϢ£˵׼ʲôʱ򣬻жսҪúñ
С㣬һˡ̶ȻصȴЩģֻȴѹ˵ġ
ϢɣҪֵĻ֮ǰͲǽⶾˣƽ˵ӵʵҪ֣Ҳûʲô
˵ȻôǺΣգ̶ȵ
˱̶һۣǵΣղ˼֣֮ǰĻǹӥ̫ڽѾ
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˸ոձ۾ͻȻᶯȴҹ˽
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ҹŮҲ٣⣬Ķò϶ԸĲᣬĶĵȴɢһָ߸ϵĸ߹ƺ㿴һۣ˶Էʥһ㡣
ҹƿʱҲֺ˲΢΢üͷֻѾȳˡ
ӣʲô飿Ȼҹ壬ȴԶԷľٶҲǺ⣬˵仰ʱѹԼĲá
Լҹɨ˶ԷһۣҲ˼ĮҶԽ𵤾̫ͨ˽⣬ȴоΧǿĽ𵤾ڿӡ
һ£ܸоԷı仯Ⲣ֣һ۾ʹʧˮҲܶ࣬࿴ӵˣڲ֪֮Уȴͷһҹ֣ڿ֮󣬲û̫ķӦĮƵġ
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죿üͷǽ𵤾ҲӦûôǿʵ
㻹Ǳ˵Щ²ģϽҪôȻ£ҿûаܾȵǡҹȻڴߴ٣ȴš
ԷǿܰһƬնסҲ͸Ҫôˣֱ־ܰѺĸץߡԼȻԷôˣǾֻ֤ƣֻڸűֶΣٶԷûб濴ȥôǿ
ιǱڣʱ򣬲Ӧ취ҪȻСƾʲôҪһŵ̶յ
Ȱ̶Ҫ֣ȴû뵽ҹεûзԣץץԣףͷһξã˵ĻͦеģҲԣǿֻʲôˡ
̶Ҫٳʤ׷䣬Ȼһҹæ¿ȥɫҲųȥ
ߣҹͬʱưѽıķɣֱһץסͱ̶˦ֽ׳
ҹҪȥǾָոմԷʱ³ٶͻȻһ
ҹҲ룬¶Ȼһ˷ɵ˱̶˵ķ
ǽ𵤾ľȵʵ
Ҫǽ𵤾ͺˡҹºģĿȴ
ոµʱѾݵһƬ֮УƬתž޴УΧĶȫɵ˵صס


544 ƴˣå
Ҳǽ𵤾ڲġĵıҲޱ
˺õĻа취Ƶͨ𣿡ҹĴţǴ󲢲һ̶ֱڲϵŷΧ
ȫʢʱڣҲֻ˵һ¡΢΢ҡͷ˵ǿҲ΢΢ľš
ߣҪ뿪ȻһʱӾˡҹһ߶˵ţһǰĵ·ȥ
ٶȲ죬˭Ҳ֪᲻һֱٶȥһͻȻأ
Ҷֽ𵤾ͨĶ˵ûаƳҹڵΪҪƳ͸Ӳˡ
õİ취ȻȥӲҹͼҪҵͨıԵ֪Է϶ô׾ӳȥܱȸһƴҪõöɣ
ĲµҹĿģҲ첽ŶԷǱȥȻһ̣һͣ˽Ų
ܵһƬ֮УٿðһԶԷɫĹ㣬㻹ԶƶţĿҹŮˡ
ȥкöСеӭҹһɨȥȻж˫̵۾
Ц̫䣬ı̶Ц鶼ûС
ĵҲһ㺮˪ǻԭϵǣʲôطԲŻۼ
ЩǶʲôʵҹʵ
ͨĴԼܴﵽļ򵥻ش
֮ǰЩ˽Ⱑҹһʣû뵽Է֪ǽ𵤾Ҳûаմ˰ȫ뿪ɣ㵽ˣΪһŵһʯɣ
飡Σյʱ̶̣Ҳ̲סҪ̶Էһˡ
ӣôǾͿ쵽ǰˣûʲôð취ȴǿԽԽı۾쳣ص
Ȼǽ𵤾ڸûа취֣ԱѾûУȻ˶ǵĳ֮£Ҳѱڱ̶ǸֻǿڵĽɲż
취кܶࡣҹγ˰ҹѵԭŵ֮;õģû뵽ԭû߳ȥѾҪˡ
֪ûн𵤾Ҳ΢΢аҹ֣Ҳ鷳ˡ
㡭㲻ڴţɣ̶Ȼڶ죬ʱȴϣҹһЩ
ⶼ㿴ˣҹš
̶棬꣬ʱţҲãòôʵ
ĺܳĬѾٳóȥһθӥͬӥҪץģһεˣȴصġ
ӣٲ취Ǿĳȥˡûҹ죬æš
ֻʣ취ˡҹְֳҹǵķȥ
Ȼ취ôࣿͱ̶һۣﶼ˿
һǴȥһǰɱ⡭
ֻǽҹĻǰѸոǿָ
е취أһǸð취Բԣ̶Ҳˣֻϣҹ˵һԡ
ԣҹȻ˴Ǿڳȥͬʱɱ⣡
̶һˣҲǰ취ǻ˵ﲼһʹ˲ѴҶͻһǿء
˵ڲŵУǰʱ˹ȺҪѡĻȺ߻һҹ˵Ҳûдƺֻɱȥһ·
Ҹǰ棬̶棬ıԼҹתͷһֺۣĵɫӲ԰ףʧȥ˻ȥģɵ̾ϢһˣٰһѰɡ
˵һǰָſڶԷǰһȭľ롣
ʲôҲһѵԷҲ֪Ҫ֮ǰԼ壿
һ̾ͷѾܶȴҹһֻס硣
åɱ㣡ͱ̶ڸղҲǳһ˲ĴͣڷӦ̶֮νҹ
ڸˣһĻͶҪҹͷҲأȴ͸޿ɿܵϡ
ͬʱһߴҹڳ۲뵽ĵ塣
Ѿ̵ҹĵطҹĻٿȷûнһĶͣס˽ƣ˳ưѱ̶ıһ
ĿתؿҹͻȻ֮ʲôĶ
ֻҹһ˻
ˣ̶ɴ۾ȵʵôô죿
İ˱̶һۣϾȻһ˿Ρ
ûȫãպ֧ˣҹ̹Ȼ˵ǵɣȰЩˣСƣУ˵һ飬ȻʲôˣС㳤ҲÿҶǶûȤף
˵仰ʱҹѾһεǰ棺ڰҸղ˵ģ󣬱̶ңĸ̶æעҵĺ治ҪԶɱһ·
ͱ̶С˺תһʱҹĳ˼֣æķԸȥ
ǺģЩҹıӰ
С㡭Сĵؽһ
ţķӦεϸһ˿Σ漴ָ֣طԸû£ӵĻɣܻܲųȥֻпӵˡ
˿ѾƽܿĲֻһ˫˫ɫ۾һ޴Σϻ͸˿˿Ѫëɫܿˡ
ԭϵǣʵԽǿëɫͻԽ죬˵ΪһɱֵͬʱɶԷѪҺɵѪҺԽ࣬ǵëɫͻԽ죬ʵҲԽǿԾͳжʵķ֮һһֱܳĬĺģʱ˹ǵ
˿ҲֻǻָһɶѣֻһɣȴոյľȫɢԼҹһڤڤעָܻ֮ԼƵˣ϶ܴһƬɶĻԭ
ҹȻ˺ĵĻʱҲشѾҰ֮еǣȻԷ˵һëɫصģһ㶼ʵǿڡ
ҵǣǰЩëǾۼĵط
ЩȻҲȺԣǾ֪ǴûôӴȺһֹļţ̻޴½һ̻ᣬǽҲܵ˼ĳԪ̻ͺ鶼̻ᶼѾ˸̻ᲢͷһҪ̻Ұģ˵Ԫ̻һܹ޵ЩǺܿǱ˿ƣŻһΧǡ
ЩǵȻ˵ɣɱȥ˵ٶ඼ûôҹ϶Է
죬ȴû˵ȥֻһ˿ί
Ȼһ̾ûʱ˵ˣһ궯ͻȻǳ
ˢ
ҹӵնڳǰһƥ޴ϡ
ۡ
ûκѪȻһźڻұǴûгֹһ㡣


545 
һűĻҽ̶ڣȫһ˲ˡ
ȷӦĻǺģɫޱأҲѹЩ˵飬κ˶˵
ǣС㡣ȵؿ˶Էһۣ̿Ӧ
С㣬ǡܻӳȥ𣿡̶糱ˮӿǣѾ΢΢š
ڣǿ϶ߵóȥɫᶨͬʱֳָһĨɫǻصһǣһҪԪ̻ͺ鶼̻Ḷ
Ƕ˵ߵҲһͱ̶һʱѹ˵ʱ䶼ûˡ
ȻĻָһЩȫʢʱڻҪ̫ԶȻǿ̶ܰһʱȴҲæ
Ϊ͵λǿ˵ٻֱȺǵĳһΣǵҪֱ棬ʵۿ۵£ӦȻǼˡ
ߵʵʵǿܹ֧ţǱ̶Ӧӳ˼֡Ȼźİæŷգŵʧɫ
ٿһȻǺٳԼı𵤣ӣԽͨסңʱ䲻̫Ҵʱҵʵ²ֻǰˡ
ڵûкãʩչͨĻ϶Ѹٶ񻯣ҹһ߻ӵնɱŷ·޾ǣһ߷Եһȥһٸһ£һ嵽һ룬ˡ
ǡһʱҲԥ
Ľ𵤣鷳˭Ҫʯȥҹ˿˵
å᲻˵û̶ҹ˵˵׽һ֮Ǳ
̶ľУҪԮѾֻԼŮ֮һա
̶š
޴ǿѾ̽𪽿۵ĲϣֻҪٹһ˲䣬ĲӾͻһ޴ѪʱȴѾȫӲ޷ˡ
ۡ
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̶ŴͣѾһ˺ڻңܱߵسһȦӡ
ȿȡҳǺɤ棬̶һ߿ţһ߶ҹк㡭϶ǹġ
ǺģҹȻûٻӦʲôҹն̷裬ʱ̶һ浲͸磬ûκһƥͻ
̶תͷȥҹʱ׶ԷΪʲôûлӦˣʱҹȭŲãһһνѾʧȥǵǻˡ
һһĶãȻסǣȻҲҹļޣҲû˼ȥ˵ˡ
û˰ҹҹֵȻأҲǰܹӦԣмûһȭǵʱҲЩԷҧ
ӣĽãæĶ̽˹ȥ
ҹһͷȻǾ޴˦𣬵һɨȥ˼ͷֽ֮ӹĽĴָһ˪ѩͨĽ̳ʣ۵һ̽ǰǵĺС
΢΢˿Ľֻİ֮ȴʲôҹİҹԶԶ磬ױҹӦսҪǿöˡ
̻ḻ£ûķֻ֮ǰսмѾʧֻʣѽȴѾģǸҹҲӲ̫
֧ŶãҲȷǴʱ˿̣Ҳֻһһˡ
ǰ壬Ȼˡҹš
һۣȻǸѾ˸֮ľ룬ͣͲǰܿͻٴ뵽Χľء
ǶȥǱߣҵ󣡡
ۿ󿿽ҹǰٶȴһ첻ˣٴı䣬ȱ̶ͺһ֮һ̽Ľ֣һУҹҲصС
һһһһ̣ĽͰҹڹ໥棬ٴΰѽʧݵס
˰ҹҹٴαԴԴ߰ҹɱǵٶȣȻĽҪѸٵö࣬һȦȻС˼ޣǼǰٶȴԿ

ĳɽߴԶ·һƬս
һźۣںҹһһɫݵϣеӣǶһԵЩˡ
ٲǾͿӳȥˣǸ˵ʵһ˳ȥҪһİ㣬²סƽ·սûйϵһ㡣
ҪʼʱҲͲĸӳˡȻԶԷðҲƽڣȫҲһ𣿡
ûгϣҲûз񶨣ֻǼ˵˵һκʧܶյĻԺõοɾͲ̫ˣЩ飬ʧһΣٳɹһٴҲֲˡ
֮ģ۾ƺһ˿ԥƬ̺˫ַﻹʲô΢΢ָĴָסͻȻԶȺȥ
һָһ΢΢⣬ٿûһͷ˶ڡ
ͷòʹҡԴ岻ɿƵرƤëҲȾ˸Ѫ졣
ء
ͷ޴쳤һҪĺڰƵġ
һȫʿ˻ʵһ㣬˿ö
ãôͻȻʵǣĿ龰סȳӾǲ𵤾Ҳˡ
Ļû£ͿǵŴУȻ³һű⻷ƵԲ򣬺ȻһŽ𵤵ӡ
⡭һӵ˽𵤾Ҳʧɫ״£һͷ𵤾ǣǱΣյĴǱƵ˾ϣ϶ǸĳطԼܡ
ǰҲֻ˵Ԫ̻иԲٿΪãȴ֪˲ǲٿأȻ˲޵ʵ
ֻǲٿ޵ĻǻԺ˵һЩΪԷǽ𵤾Ļֻͨܿƽ𵤾֮µޣԷȻܽһͷ𵤾ޣ˽𵤾Σճ̶ȿɾ͸ˡ
˵⵹Ǻ£ҹͷǣûеһʱȥ˿ѵõĴϢᣬôһͷͷ죬ֻҪȥָӱǰǾɡ
˵ףȥһҪ̶ֻܵǱܵظҹ̧ܣλû˵꣬ԼѾΪҹȥˡ
ȻҲû뵽ʵǵʱǰĸС࣬Ȼô
ֻǶݵ̲֮ͣŽһתʱðܵĳɫЩڶ𣬳ҹϯһ𺣣Ҫҹûһ㡣


546 Ӳ
ԭ֮ϵǣʵʵ̫ڳڣ֮Ϊܶ߼ɵΪЩǾǳȺӳ֡
׻˵ûܲסȺǣ޴½Ҳͬġһ𵤾ǿߣ㹻ǣҲѡ˱ᣬԷ
ҲǾˣڻԭ֮еǣǱ鲼ԭн䣬ҷֳ˵֮⣬¾һˡ
ڽ𵤾֮ǰͨ츳ͨУһ˽𵤾֮ȻҲֻһ츳ͨʵҪȴǰ
ǰҹϯĻ溣ǻһͨĽ𵤾¾ȫʢʱڵĺģƾڶķҲԸԷӲΪӿȵʵ̫ǿƺƣҪڻǣõİ취ƾŽ𵤾ͨ仯ǸԷƴǿȡ
ǵصĻʱһθо˾ѾԤϵһ̾ͻῴȫҲûа취ѣֻڻҹ
˼ֱϣˣѵô

һĵȻһ
ʲôǻʱҹͻȻ֮ƾʧˣ
ƾʧԲǷԾܣĻٿ죬Ҳ϶Ӳ۾Ҫ֪ȻˣȻǽ𵤾ΪҵʱĿתҹῴ
ǺĲţͷ𵤾ͷһʱҲ㲻ô¡
ã֮УͻȻһϮһڵĺᵶһնǿŻԲĽ档
ءʹغһ
ʱڿҹΣԷʹ۾˳Ȼ֪ԷôģⲻҪҪҪѶԷ˺һٰʮ飬Ȼÿһ𵤵ļһ
Ҫڶͨʱֻҹһ٣յĺڰ΢΢زš
ꡭ
һ֮͸ڰƲ㣬˲ʱͷĽ𵤶
ǿŽ𵤱ͱҹնһЩˣ˿ٱ֮УʱĹâʱܻϨĵƻ
ۡ
ɽǸ˶Ȼ³һѪ޺޵ɶ񣡡
ַؾһǿźҪɺԵͻȻظѪ˿
ҹǰǣҪҽŵϣͻȻ֮ǵõʲôһ㣬ͻض۾ҲѪɰҪһ
ҹҲһ£û뵽ֱ仯һ˲䣬˫Ѫٿһ޴Ӱֻһ֮䣬ҹ˶ȥ
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ӰٿȻײǵǽϣֱײ˻ȥȥǾһͻƵϰ
ת֮䣬ɫǽֳ˱仯ɫڲϵرøŨҡ
ֻˣصľ޴ǽڣʱҲѸٵСţӰСһ̶ȵʱ򣬲ŷ⾹ȻҲһͷ޴ǡ
ƥǽ̤ڻԭ֮ϣͷ­ȴŸ߸ߵ֮ʱĵ˲ףǸոտĺɫǽڣʵֻΪӰ̫˵Եʡ
˾޴Ӱ񣬾ͷ𵤾ͷ챻Իţ˾޴Ŀ־֮⣬΢΢ţҪѻ˵Ĳٿһ
ЩͨǣŵôҳһڵɪɪطӾǴ˿ȥõȥնɱҲһ¡
𵤾ͷţ۾˶ָ˼ֻһʱ䣬ٴαѪӡ
ǵӶѪӰһη˳һΣոѾ˼Ľ𵤣һӿŨҵĻǵӰһҹ˻
ҹǰǵ޴ʶӰٵСţת֮ѾӶأֻͨǰС
ƥȥӴʶǣ¶ʵһ㣬ĽڵȻһ̤ܵĻҳȫӿ
ವһʶԾǵصĻ棬ֱֱײǵõӰһţȻԷȥ
ʶӰٿһû뵽ͷƵĽ𵤾ͷԴ棬ӿҹ棬Ȼ֮ҹǰߵĵطҲûǰ硣
ء
𵤾ͷֳշһһηڵϵȫѸٵٶȣһԶȥ
ۡ
ɽϣٴһѪȻ˱ϴθصƣЩ˼ؿ·һްתͷźˣ㻹֣
żƺҲû뵽ֻֽȴǲֻڵΪɵʱ̡
ˣȫˣ̶غϰһԹȻôõİ취Ϊʲô粻ã
񣡡Ŀ˿ҹԲ԰׵ɫæӻȡһµƿӣЩҩԻָЩԪʶҲЩȳЩȥٺúõϢһ£ո˸ƴʶ֮ȻˣӦҲˣʱڲˡ
ҹҲץƿӽĵҩһԵص
ι̶ҪĲõɫæͷŵûЩŵ˵ЩҩȻʲô鵤һӳԵ̫Ҳõ
ӣ̶˵Ҳ޵ɫԻȻûվǶԷĸѾֹҳ˴ʲôҲżָͺá
޷ұǳҩģҵҩҲ˵ҵ塣ҹȻԷԼսֻһɣСĿº󡣡
ѾȥʱҲʧˣӦҲԪ̻ǸʩչͨһԴ
ҹ˵ͷҲһҺͻͷһػ˭ʤ˭ǲ롣
濴ոӮƺɣʵϣֻǸոǼغϣ֮ǰսȺʱ򣬻Ҫӳö࣬壬һЩ֮ĺսʿҪѡ
̶̵ʱڣԼһʵӵ˼ޣر仯֮ܿǵĻ棬ͻȻڶԷǰźڰԪǿն𵤣ͬʱת׵Ԫ׵֮ٴβɱʽԷǸظӲʶ
κһڳ⣬ĽܱдʶӲ֡
²Ǹٿͷļһʶ֮ǿܻ֮ϣֶθܱȵģԷطһͷǣǿ˽𵤾ֻǶҲġ
ҲΪԷʶĺܴټǽʩչܵ˺ܴƣϳ˴


547 ̻Ĺү
ȻҹԼʶҲͬǿ󣬵ʶ֮ĻͨĽ𵤾ǿߣҲԶûôǿͻ֮󣬸Ǵһ޴ķԾڻĵ£ﵽ˶ԷЧ
ȻʤˣҹʱҲоޱƣ룬ʱҪ˯ȥһҲʶ̫֮ԭˡ
ҹǿԴ
Ӳÿֱӽұľͺáҹڣæǰȥʮ˵
ͱ̶һ£СɴûжĸôûĸйѵΪһС㿴϶Է
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УҹҡͷȻ˭Ҳұ֤͵ϮֻһˣһҲûа취ȷǲǻ֮ûĵط
ιС㻹ǿ˲š̶һʱʲô˰ôһ˵ĺģСôá
̶Ҫ˵ˣæֹ˵ҲǶԵġ
С㣬ӣǺǰˡ˿ҹҲЩΪѡ
ǰ·˯˵ӡ̶ҹ۵
ӣǾ뿪һ˵ֻ˰š
ˡҹǿ۾һѱĽУٿȻŴȴȥ
۵һ۱ĽƣǶ̽ȴҲ޷롣
ȥҹЦһϴףȻҪԼһ¶ˡ
ٶŮһǡһҹûˣŷ
ҶΪҹֻӶʱȴҹֽ̽䣬ֳ˰ҹ͵һ̴ԼĽơ
ҲȫֽźͲ϶ûеģһ׾ٵش̴˽ƣѪشӽűð˳
ʹĸоҹľΪ֮һ񣬸ոյǹ޷ܵľ⣬ʱ嵭˲١
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ϰɡҹıӰ˼Ըҹ档
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ҹǰ棬ŵ״Ĵʹϵش̼ĸ֪ѹһЩ⣬ҲţսǿĻָ˿ڣֻܴﵽԼһֱѵĿġ
ȻЧҲǳõģŹһСҹѾֽµʹЩˣǱҩһе֪ľ
ӣѾ뿪ղŵĵطһξˣǾϢɣһֱڹ۲ҹȻ˶Է״ſ
Ϥ̶ˣСǸ߸ϵ̬̻ԪϣҲ˵һʱȻҹ˿֮һжԶԷΪ˸ĹԹŮˣɲŮˡ
УҹҡͷҸоȻȫ
ѾоҡΣæӵٴδһֻ档
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̶ſҪҹȴ˹ʱĿڣڨڨ˵ǹռСı˰ɣ
ӣˣѾڲ֪ĸСУľٶλСؼƽϣ˲壬Żڸ̶˵Ұο
С㣬ǻҪǰ𣿡ʵ
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Ҫ粵ȴ˸ƣˣҪϢ
Ҳֻգ뿴Ҫһ±̶ԺҪλٺҶ죬˵ʱ䣬λӻͳ˺̻Ĺүˡ
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С㣬ӣǿѣشš
ȻҲ֪ʵ̫ˣʲôԭҹǺģû˿Ӧ
ţȴһɾ޴ǣסһֱ¶ȥֻ֮䣬ǰѾһƬڰ

ȿȡ˿ԶһУ־ҵؿ˼Ѫ˳ٴ˳Ȼʹֻ࣬Ĩһѣųϸ˼֣ɱˣ̫ˡ
̫˲ΪȻ߹㣬ֻҪܳɹɱǾûп𣬾ٿ죬ɱʧܣͬģֻҪĶˣǱǳɹ
ΪӮ𣿡˺Ҳ˼ŭ⣬ҽĳô׵óɹ
ʦܣ֮䣬δطҪʲô˭ǿ˭ҪĻҲҪȵ¼䣬ûǵĵʱʱǷʤʱ򣬡˵Ŀһ˿âڣʦֵҪͬЭõ²ǡ
׼ɱǣûȥԶʵ
ҲһҹƽɱģǻԼξﳢʹ


548 ֮
ҹ̧ͷһ˿Щ벻ԼôģԼǴĶǲ
๫ôվݸһЦǰ˻ĸ첲߰ɣ˵ɽϰԽ˾ͻԽ飬ȡõһĻǸӣʲôԸɵġ
๫ҹ΢΢һ£תͷŽɣЦ绨ĺģɻֹţѾ𣿡
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ҹͷ˿ԼһϮһȣ΢΢ҡ֮䣬ȷмӡ
ܸоﲻԣӦһһ
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˵ɽЩΰˣôܱ˴٣ֻ֤ǼٵģҹЦ
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ֻţӭԷĴ磬ȷǷǵֻǲۿȥмֳ֮ߡ
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˭϶Էҡҡ֣ȻЦ߸ϣ̰ͼ˵ļӣֻǷ˵ѣҪӣҪĳ飬λǽյһɽߣɼ֮ϣֻҪ󵻣ʾ
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ɵǼȻѾףǾ͸÷ͬģҪʲôѵĻҲһܲǣǲܶ㲻ܵġҹӵŶԷ˱һߡ
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ãˣǿܣҹæģһȥ
ݶϲʯͷҲ˲ֻ࣬һҪܳȥֻſڵʱ򣬷ݺ¡һʯںĵϣʯͷ棬ϸһƬѪ


549 ħ
ҵʯ·ĵһʱĵĲԼİΣԼ绨ò
ҪȥֻҲܸо˺ۣԼڻһʲôӡ
ûŮ˲ںԼòοһƯŮˣֻһҲ֪ĽʣҲںĶ
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ģҹֲͣƺܿͱĥѪĻˣҲҵӡ
๫һʱޱȸж
һǵһŮһǵһ̣ԭΪԼҵģ˵ҿصģֻΪһûа취ָˣǺ롣һ̣ͻȻȴԼˡ
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ͻȻٴβұһλҪңԭµǽڣʱҲҡʯͷΪһǵķ·ҪѺ
๫ҪˣܣҹɷΪԼһͬ
УҲܶ㣬ҹһ㣬ֻƴϵذЩѹʯͷٿҪһҪһ
صﶸȻͣҹȻûвֻǲͣذʯͷٿԼѾѪһƬ˿ȥᡣ
ԭΪɣȴû뵽תۣʱ龰־οޱɷԼϵʹûȥˡ
һҹҹڰѺĴʯȳȻʱ޷վҶҵǣûбʲôʯУԹͷ޴󰭣ֻҪһʱ䣬糣ˡ
๫ɷһ߳²Ϊɷ˵˫֣һԼòոϲֱø
үٷ˿ܰСոӵʱȫûӰ̴ӺѾҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬶Զ˻һһﻹڷغţŴ
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550 籾Ƶĺ
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551 ֵܼӰѾ
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ŵɫѿת˲ѾҳѶԸҲվ׵ģҪȥҲͲܣֻҪҾֶοԶԸ㡣
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552 òп
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һʱúֿҪˡȻҪɱĿ꣬Ҳ϶ԷŮҹʲôôŮȻñո߻ҪѿľȻܵˣҲҪʮֲػа
ôһĶÿҹͻȻЦЦϾ֪ⶫ䲻пǺõģ


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أһ˿ӵɫͻȻ𱾸ߵҹ˿ȴӰ
ѵȥ׷Ǹξȥ𣿡һ
ץĻһҪʹһ٣Ȼ۸ǣߣ̶ޱյ˵

߸ߵɽ֮ϣͲ֪Ϊʲôԭ뿪ʱֻºɫЩ԰ףҴҴӻͳһЩҩһԵһ
ξҲǽ𵤾һֻͨͨҪĲԪ֧֣ʶ֮ɣξôʱ䣬˵Ҳһĸ
ûмﴭĴ㣬ոǸҹĸоܲãǶԷûʱ򣬶ƺǲɻ
ȻյξɻûзӳǶԷ֪ܲ󣬾Ѿ㹻˵˲򵥣οÿ죬˵³ˡ
۲Ҷҹڵ״ֻ뾡뿪ʲôƾطһƬأ뷨ʱյĺãôĶ֪
۸£ô߰ͻȻһ׵س˴żϷʵٶļ𣿡
ۻһݣһر˵ˣʱҪһҹ϶ǵ֮ڵһ
С˵̫ˣܰﶼһѪֱȻ񾳵ͨ𵤶ãɱȻߡ
ҹ㵽ʲôˣôɻħʧ󣿡ǿʵ
֪ҹħ˵Ļʷǳ֮Сħһ֪ܲһŶûС
ЩƺҪ֪ҹǺЦЦҺҪһ㵽Ƿ˭ɱĵģ
ҲҪ֪۵ɫ΢䣬ȴǿӲ˵
Ӵиԣҹ˶Էһ䣬˵Ҫ㣬ҪѪֻһˣŻݣ˭֪㾹ȻôϣȻҾֻ³Ѫͻ֪ҵҪҪ֪ˡ
Щž޴вǲֻвѣΪ˵ЩͬʱҹѾŰӰ۵ĲϿȥˡ
һúѪҿµʱ򻹲ǴģǴӶϵĲð
۵һȻ۾۳һ˪ѩı֮罣һҹ̶
ʶʵĵزһţ⻹ξ֮⣬Ҳûа취ˣҹǵ֮ȴǲŲæصţҪƾҵĻǻʧģ
֮۳һѺ˵Сҹȥ
ҹжȻֳһӵ֮ͭײǾ֮ͻȻͲˣҹȴôƽվʲôҲûз
ôǿ˹һ
ǵ֮Լʵʵʶۣ֮ĿľҹΪʤʱͻȻ֮ʶ֮͵ϮһĻᣬҹʶɢ
ȻҲǱУҲΣõóֵֶΣҲֻʣµⲿʶˡ
Ҳû뵽ʶĹȻЧûУӽԨʯͷݶûðҲû
˵ˣ㲻Ҫ֪Щҹ˵һٸһλᣬ˭ɱĵģ
ǡԪ̻ᡣ֪һͼģȥĻĻ̱Դ
ܺáҹһնȥ
۾ɴû뵽Լ˵ʵȴǱԷһɱˡ
ӣǸξ𣿡ĺģǸӵؿҹһۣȻϵʬʵ
ţˣ֮ǰӦûһ˲Ŷԣ˵ʶ֮ڲǸӲƴʱܵش˵ϣȴоֺۼǸӦѾˣʱڣӦòٻǷĺˡҹ
ӼȻץΪʲôһܲĻʵ
˵Ԫָ̻ʹ˾Ԫ̻ģҲܵĴڣǰ󵽴ҵǰҲû˭ʶָ֤Ԫ̻ᣬûʲôôҹҡҡͷʶҸǿЩܿİ취ǸղҲûôץסֵʩֱʤҿûаÿζܱС㡣
쾵ܶԿԷʶְ֮취ֻܱԼÿһˣȻǲܵġ
֤ʵ˾Ԫ̻ҲûʲôãԪֻ̻˵ѾһвԼˣӵΪףһ·̫Σˡĵ


554 ǿͷ
һϢһҹȻҲûʲôɧţԭЩ洦ɼǺãԶԶģƺЩʲôǿ־Ϣһ㡣
ڶ𣬱̶ճȥץãܻ֮Щյ˵Ҳ֪ôˣԭϵһӱץ˺ԶץֻõģǸӣٳԵ𣿡
ԴӾϴεξ֮ҹĵλһӹ̶СѾͷҲֱŤ˶еط֣Сھ֮󣬿ҹ˼΢ı仯
ΨһûĴžҹˣ¶ν̸ֻʯͺСһ㡣
֮ǰ֮ҹǱ˴֮γ̶Ҳٽһ˯ʱ򣬻ҹһҹҹҲʼʹʯǰܿǡ
ȥĵҲûзʲôף֪ҹĵʯѾǧ飬ǾͲ֪ܲôˡ
ʯ̺֮ƷʯȣҲǿʮٱֹԭҹΪֻҪʯԼʵȻ͹ս
ǴǰĻһʯܰűˣ֮Ҫ𵤾ҪɾͲǰٱô򵥵ˡ
ֻоŽ𵤾зǳңԶľ룬Ǹ׵ıϱԵû
ԭΪʮʯѾǲƴˣǵ˻񾳶ȱһʮʯܲܰɹϽ𵤾֪ء
ʵҹӲ֪ǣϵЩİҹ飬ʯ̲صҪӾ޴ö࣬ʱ򣬾Ѿ˺üţɴ˾ܿͨҪٱֹǻǽʱ򣬸οǽ𵤾ͻˡ
ʮʯȻ٣ͨ˵ֻҪ츳̫õңӦܽ𵤾ģǶҹ˵ǲǲ̫ã̫ˡ
ǼѾ˼ǧ飬⻹ΪֻҹŬһÿǿͻˡ
ҹԼЩˣĶֱʯ
ҹƵǣʯĺܴ󣬵ûиоԼʵĵʯȣȻҲߵúܿ죬ҲԶԵġ
ҹҲ˽һЩԭΪսЩתΪԪ֮⣬ǿ塣
ڵ£һ̣ǻȥ᲻ԼƳһˣ
һ·ûʲô٣ĵƣҲҹε֮У˻صһǵʱ򣬻Ѿָ֮ǰʵ
Ī˵̶ˣԼоЩ˼顣ܵжأԼȱ˶ҹȻ˼׵Ԫ޸֮󣬾Ȼظԭˡ
Щ⣬ȥֲˣȴϵʴĻ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻᷢΣգҹһ̽˺ĵ֮ڵóۣǲʲôԼʲ̫ϵĹ
⡭ֹ
˵ˣҲûа취ҹ̯̯֣ĵĹϵȷȴǰҪһЩǶЩΣѣǻԷԼܵĳ̶ȣĹĻþֹͣôȥֻԼԼˡ
Ҳ˵̾˿ʵҲûа취˵ģҵ⣬֮ǰΪһЩԭһֹҪıѾˣֻͨһЩķԭҲҪȥһû뵽ûߵϣѾô鷳ĵ˶Ҳʵûаܵõֻˡ
ҹԷ˵Ҳû˵ȥ
ٹ˰ңһƵʻһ
֮ǰҹ˶һȻ뵽ȻǸ۶ɱһƥûʲôȤɱ˺֮ҹͰ˻
û˻뵽ȥƵ۵ŵģȻһǵһŮġ
Ӧûʲôٸ鷳˰ɣҹʵҵǲҲˣ
Ӳһ̻𣿡дżֲᡣ
ˣҲϲ̫˴򽻵ȻҵĻˣǾͲȥˡҹʼ
㲻ȥЩ߶һ·ӵʯ𣿡̶Ȼٸҹ죬żƤЩЦǻῪġ
Ӵ㲻˵һˣʯɲ٣ҲһʱҸոЩҪ죬һʱҲ߲ʱȱʯˣȥǶˡҹ룬ҪЩʱļ飬ôҲס죬֮ҪܴϢǾѾˡ
֪磬ʲô޴½ģǱ˵öȥˡ
ȻȺի˵Ǹļ壬Ҳ˵ʮ˹ĵطҲδؾ֪ονļҲֻǸոѣ͸ѰҵѶȡ
ǺðɣҿջպþǺ̻ģӶ÷䣬µĻҲϵһ˵󲻴˵СҲСһҪӰæĻҲ֪Ҫȥˡ
ļҹѶҲûٶϾԷҲ˵ˣڻ뿪һǣһ˼ĻỹǺܶġ
ԺôֻԺ֪ˡ
ɣһǲ˵Ǻ̻ĵ̶㻹Ҫæҹɻ
ԿЦɵǼɵո⻰Сдǣֻ׼ȷ֪ԷٶѣҪ˵ĵطС㲻ܵģһûʲôܸ̻Ό
šҲһ࣬Щξе龰ֻһԺصζٻصǸҹӣ֮Ůȴ֪ôԷ˵ԼһƬ⣬١ٵҪʯĻҲҵ㰡
ҹ˵ҲûصͷסﲻסҲʡԼȥˡ
ӣ˿ЩС㣬ֿȫûôҹʵһʲôҪæĻԸС˵ڻԭΪǼСǺģֻҪ飬벻ǳˣǳҪСԳʲôġ
ɫ΢΢һ죬ЩŭؿһۣȴЩתҹո˼˵Ѿ൱ף˲ɵӣܻԼʲô˼˰ɣ
ҹȻһԴӣֱǺͿˣȻǿĵͷ߲ãҵȷһҪ鷳ǣҪطһļ壬һǴȺի֪ܾܲŪطϢ
ȻҪõϢľѱ޴½ҲùʧġһЦ˵


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ҹķӦĵ񶼱Թû뵽ԵİʾԷעȻֻڴϢ棬һ˼Ȼǰ׷ˡ
Ҫȴ̾һڴӦΪҹЩ飬˵ĹϵȻҲһòɷ룬ԷһľͷѵһֱֲԼ
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Сǻӵ𣿡΢΢һµ
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ΪʮʯͲ÷ˣ˭֪սȻǸιķͰôȥܰˡ
Ȼ˵ûʯҲģܱٶϣӵʯĻͻӿ켸ʮֹ
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ԭҹԭʯôֵǮ̺ҲôҲǺʣ˳һʯ׸ԷʯҲˡ
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͹٣Ĳˣ滹мȳšղŵĻƶպõĲȣһŵϡ
ҹӶ˶޵ţȷͦġ
ȻͽһּǮһֻûգҲôǣǲԼ𣿡ƺǺǵЦ
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ǺǣһûмļҾ¥Ҳҵ⣬۾ԷСôǼү֪𣿡
ͲС֪ˣûССľǻ˼ԣĿ뿪òΪѡ
Խҳԣҽ컹ҪԲˣɫһ䣬ЦҲƽ֪ҸǼСлԼģĵˣƼҵľ¥Ҳҵľ¥һû˵ūҪӸϳȥġ
⻰ʹԷҪˣȴû¶ʲôõɫֻǴЩѯʵС֪үСĻԼƺѾ˵˰ɣүͲҪΪЩõģôСĶΥС˼ҪԷֻСүųɣȻСһɾʹȥˡ
ɫӲƣתͷҹϸϸƷżȣһУһʯϣû˵ʲôҰˣ


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غһһĺˣ̳Ӿƣⶼûд򿪣ôѵǳԲ˳ģ
Ҳøҹȥ˵֪ǱүҲˣ͹ˡ
ҹãؿŶԷ
ȻΪүԵ޹ʸһʯô֪ԷڼװȴҲ⣬ֻһȥ
һʯҲ̫СˣҹڻһžʯĻ˻֣㳤ãʯˣﱾүˡ
һʱˣ˵ڣڴǰû˸Ӷ˵ǰСǳıӵˡ
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λүҲ˵䡭
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˵ھ뿪һǣǿɾͲˣϢûдĶȥ
޴½˹ҪԼһȥҵĻ治֪Ҫʲô²ҵǡԺ̻ô;ܷ
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ʲôƣϰ壬ϰ壬һ̳־ƣ
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ڵľ㣬ȷǱԭһҪǿܶ࣬Ӧ׵֮þеֶͷųĽǿ;ܶʳﶼͬİ취øζ
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¥´ʱѾҳһţܶ˶Χڹ̨ǰ׷ƺ;¥ƹ˵
ƹͻҲǺΣһֱͼͣҲرõİ취
ʱһɫȹṲ̊˾¥ֻſ̤һ̾üë¥Ͽȥ
С㣡ƹͻƿһĻ̾ϲغ
ž¥Ĺ˿ҲŮӿȥҪתĿʱŮһŶ¥ȥ
԰Ǵ¥ϴģȥ¥Ͽ˭ǴҶȲĺþƣҲ֪˭˵һ䣬ҶӦһ¥ϳȥ
ƹͻҲˣǿɶ֪¥ϳҹһ˿֮⣬ûбˣƸҹûйϵǶó־ˣΪǸûľư
ҹĵĻãǶԷǺܻܿǾ¥ɺܴĳҪ֪һ¥˶ųֱһƻҪӺüľƣһľ¥￪ʼĻǺܿ˲Ͱһ¥ⶼˡ
С¥ӦȥˣʱЩ˿Ҳ¥ĻǷǳǵġƹ̷ԸûǷ׷׶ס¥ݣ¥Щȥ
λһ¥һֱͼҸúȵһƣĿǰƵУûɹԴҵǿ⣬¾ƻûʽƳ֮ǰǲְƷҵġƹĻһĽ͡
Ȼ㲻ˣܶ˶ţǾҪְƷ㳢Ҳԡ
ƹΣֻð鶼һƵϰϣ˵ϰ嶨µĹأͬʱҲĬĬ߶ţϰ尡ɲܹңΪһ¥룬Ȼܻܿἤŭġ
¥Щӣ¥ϵҹȴû⣬ֻԹƷһƣԽȾԽ׵֮˻ζһ˿׵֮û˷ѣѾƺȥ֮׵֮»صڣѭһȦԼûʧȴƽ׺һ̳ޱζơ
ַ̾棬Ժ󶼲ȱþƺˣͻȻ¥´һɫӰ
ֻӲ̫ߣȴ£ǰﱻŵø߸߹ĶʮֶԴҲ⽿ɰ
ҹŶԷͻȻʮ׽ĸоһ˼ӣǸĪСмƣɵֶԶԷһֺøС
ģŮӿҹ㶣ΪԷͨһڶԼǰ˵λÿҲѾϰˣȻЩãȴָϷŵľ̳ʵ
ҹһµͷǰľƣȻҵġ
ģģŮӾȵʵ
ȻǴ¥ˣѵҵ¥ȾƣҪԼŽ𣿡ҹЦôҲϲȰ
ǲܣ¥ľû˱ҸϤŮ۾һ˿⣬㲻ǿ˵˭ƻҾƼҵ⣬ǲǸ쵰
ҹҡҡͷҲ֪˵ʲôƵȷҴģĻƣûб飬ҿҪȾˡ
̳ˡŮԥһ£ͻȻ˵
Ǹҿɴû˵ҪҹŮӵϿĪСӰӣ⼸仰֮ϤĸоȴȻ޴棬Ī˵øУ˼
Ů΢΢һüƺû˾ܾԣһˣǾǸɶ˵ӦǸһɶ񣬲ȻôһԶʤһƵƣǹһ¥鷳
ҲҲŮ˵֮䣬̽ȥĿǸ̳
ž
ŮӵҪץھ̳ϣͻȻһֻ˹ŮӵĿץ̳ȥ
˵ǲ˭ҲСҹǵľҺЦ
֪˭𣿡Ůʵ
Ȼ֪ҹӼ˿ڲˣŽƷţһӣ㲻ĸ𣿡
ʲôĸŮЩɻؿҹǾСɣ
ԭ㲻ĸûϵˣ˵˲ҲߣԾĸҲ״˵ĸﶼˡҹЦ˵
㡭СףԷڵ٩ѡ
ʲô㣬ҪԷأȥӣҿûҪ˵ӣҶЩθڣټվ»˷һӵĺþƺòˣɾʹˡҹĻԽ̱
֪һ¥ǾƼҿģСһֻҪһ仰̾Ϳ԰ȥ
ԭϰǰɣҹŮӵݡ
˰ɣСɵ
ǰҺ£ҹƲǣżаЦһ뵽Ҵ־ƣһ¥ȥȣȻеĿ˶һ¥һ˿ͶˣµҪ
㡭㾹ȻвңСŭӡ
Ҫȸ״вҵġҹ˵
㲻ܡСЩҵ
ǺǣΪʲôܣѵΪվƣһֻһƣҹ
ûʲô˼˿͵ɧҲЩǸ⣬û뵽Сһȡ֣˼ָԷϾ˼
ҪҸ취׬ʯҪǿ¥ĻֻҪѸղŵľһţǲ֪˹ǼǮһƸһ϶Ҳ֮͡
СҪ˵ʲôһСɣ
ҹתͷȥֻһʮԷϢѾǽڵΪòȽͨһ͸һضغĸоһ˫۾ȴƽǰ˸ŽթĹâƽˮʲô
λӣոСŮʵǵˣһ¥¥סСŮ
סȻΪͣ˵ȴʮֿʱҹֺø
˵ҹԷ˵ͷҲûйѡ
֪λӵľǴӺζܷѴ˾Ƶ䷽תø£Ը߼չ


558 СŮδ
סŵһ仰ȴҹĺøеȻ޴ˡ
ǺǣոŮ򲻵ҪҵľƷ𣿡ҹЦǲأǲ¥Ҳ߲ȥ
סЦһ˵Цˣһˣɲɱ֣ոСŮ˵ЩٴӸھƷֻһ˵ǹӲԸĻȻҲû֣˶Ǩŭӣ²ǿ֮ô
ҹŵȻЦһ£뵹Ǵϰˣϰ嵹һʵˡ
ߣǵһơСɼҪ˵ʲôȴŭˡ
סڣǵĻסѵţҹ˵ֱ֮ںһ֮Żһ̾˵Сɣ֪ǵҾƼҵˣǾƼҵƾĻˣҲùЩܣλӱһˣǿ˰ǣλӵǸ
ҲҪľƣֲǲǮʲôСɾС죬תһߣһϵͷӡ
㡭ֱҪˣסŭҲֻܺԺλǣ֣ĻҲֻǱ֣ǾƼԼܣôһҪأƽ㲻ҲǿǿĶͣôԼͷϣȴҲ
ҡСһʱŵתͷҹ΢΢ӣСɸոһʱļ֮в빫ˡ
ҹֻ΢΢ͷǻӦóСȻϵǸȴǲżֲء
ûλӸմĸŴɣס˾Сһۣҹ
ҹɣһɢ޶ѡҹԷҲһЦ˵
ɢͣǵǷǳѵãҿӵʵ±۷ҲضãǷЩŴ֮УҲ֮еţɢۣǾ޽еˣס̾
¥ôʲô˵ľֱ˵ɣĨǣԸҲϲķʽҹԷȥ⣬ֱӿѯˡ
סֳ˼Σջǵʵ飺ʵһ¥һֱҾƼĻҵ񣬾ƼȻҲ˲ٱĲҵһ¥಻٣ǾƼһ¥ȴҪһ֣һһֱһǵһƣǧûиı֪ô£ƵζȻıˣҶŪף⣬ո˵һھͳеĲҲǾƵ֮еĸ֣ȻƺܸȤǸҪһ¹ӣɲ֪ҼҵһΪλζ
ҹһסǰмң˵סԾΪˣ϶ǰԼƵˣԼһ̣Ҳ˵ԷȷŷǱѰؽ
ϰˣҺȾƻУҪ˵Ϊʲô⣬һǲ̫УΪҸͲưҹҲЦһ˵
ǲ˵Ҳˣ㾹Ȼ˵Լƣⲻ۾˵Ϲ𣿡Сɲ
Сɣں˵˵סŭæתͷҹǸŮҲǽݹˣӼ¡
ˣҲƽϣǲƣǰﲻʲôæҹȻԾסӡ󲻴СȴʵЩϲҲԷ͸¶Լıİ취
ҲǸСܣַ˵˸鷳֮⣬òƻûʲôôԷԼ׵뵽Զ˵档
ľֻ̳ʣһھƣ̳ӣҪﵹȥ
һ㡣˭֪СһȥȻҹע֮䣬̳һ
ҹҲΪִ󵨵ľٶλƼҵС㣬˵ӦǺܸ߰ĲŶԣȻͻȻ֮ȹĲоƣһһ˼ɵصԼЩˡ
Сɣ㡭㡭סҲÿЦãֻҹӼ£Ů˽֮⣬ҵľ񫻹Ҫ˵ȾҲΪӼЦˡ
ԭˡҹžСʺСͷ󼸵βоƶУǱЦЦɰӣмĪСǸСħŮˡ
⡭Сɺǿھ֮˶Ǵһ㣬ګګ˵⾹ȻǼҵһƣ㵽ôģһҪҺòãκκҪ󶼿ԣ
ҹһ⣬˭뵽СɣһСɣȻһھͳڱϻһƣһʱ֪ҪôͲźá
Сɣ˵ʲôסɻ
Сɵɫ֣ҹһۣתסȻԭ˼ܸоģڱǾƼҵһƣֻǲ֪һʲôѾ׵ؼ˵ԭһֻ㷢ӳ߳ɵĻһ̳ƾѾĴ㷢ӵʮɣʮɣ
⡭ӣģסֵ˵
ҹС˵˿϶Ҳ֪¶סȻִⲻ˵ؾסҲûʲô취ǿԷ̹ϵһˣҲ˼ѣģȻƣȴһֿԴ߷ķ
ȾסŮ˵ҹѾٴοڣǲ˵ʵַҲشģֻǱҵʲſã˵ҲûʣҲ
⻰ǰ٣þס֪ҹ׵֮˾㣬ǿ;ˡ
ҹⷬģŮһۣӶԷпʧ
ǡСɵĹ࣬ܿͶ˱Խǲ䷽ܷӸǺ˾һĻ֪֮ͣ棬ǿԸӾ֡
ס۾һȻⷽα겻αһƱøãȻҪģӼȵԭǣһһֱչȥܻܿԽԽ󱻱ľ棬ҹİٿΪȡʱòһƵǳʲô⡣
ò˵Сɵ飬ҹĶˡ
Ⱦ֮ǰҪôҸ·׬ȡʯȻԼΪѿ飬ɾһ·ӡ
Ҳǲԡҹ˵
̫ˣҹѻ˵꣬סѾ˷ܵ˴ȣղصӶ޷һ
ϰ壬ȲҪ̫ˣҹɵÿЦһ£˵⣬ֻҲ֪Լһ೤ʱ䣬ַһ֮󣬸ûа취ɱʹãʱҪԭˣ
סüͷѵӲһﳤסȥСŮδ䣬⡭


559 Ʒһ
סһ仰ǰѿƵľС˵糺죬ֻǵҲûгԷԣ͵ۿ˿ҹ
˰ɣҹæҡͷΪǻץһƳĸԴȽϺãȻҿطⴼ㷢ӳЩƵмң˵ҲĹЩı䣬ǴӸϽĺð취ڣҪĻҿʱֱҵõļʹȺիϢ֮󣬲Ż뿪
Ҳֻˣסҹ˵֪ԷŮûб˼Ҳֻ̾һȻˣҲǳſˣŮְ취ǲģϸŰŮ޳ȥֻһ뷨ѣԷȻ⣬Ҳǿʲô淽棬С˵ģȥɱ֮Ƕ԰֡
㿴ŰͺˡҹҲûйȥԤ
ҹ˵ֻǰ׵֮뵽Ϳˣ˵ҲǼʣµЩͳͳҪסȥƺҹռ˱ˡ
Ƿ˵ĻҹҲֻΪŻףҪһ͸ܣԶҹ˵ףڱȴѣҪһҲ֡
ǵһƸԴ⻹ҵΪãܰһƻָ֮ǰζ˵پҵط֮ζ֮ǰأҹ˵
˵ѾҶʱڵַ֮ǰʵ벻Ϊʲôֲ죬ֻάҲãѾһƵĿڸһֱڱ仯ţȻֱ仯ǶһζϤ˼㣬ֻǶھƵĸо츳ˣѲȴ֪ÿһľƣȷ֮ǰһ㣬ǵȥһƵƾҪٵˡסʹĵ˵
ǹյ飬ǿ϶ԭвˡҹ˵
ԭϣסһ
һƱҲֻ⼸飬֮ǰһֱ˼Ķĳȴһֱûϸԭϵ⡣
ʱҹһҲ뵽ֿܣһԴȻ֮ǰҲԵؼԭϣֻԾƵУԭϣȴ֪֮٣һƵԭһֱԼֲδйԭϳҲûر⣬ԭ覴ãŻᵼ鷢ھȥ鿴֪ûʱ䣬ɷһȥ
ŶҲ𣿡ҹʵ
ƼҸŮһƻĪӣоƵһУ϶ǲԵģû뵽Է
ڱ˵ЩȻǲԵģǾĳóһֿϾӣطˣĳҲԸġסһЦ
ҹƲƲǣҲֻһ˵ѣɲԼͷһסͻԼĻᡣ
飬ûбҪȥҹȻΪԼǸͷβĺˣҲûҪϸȥ
¥ʱ¥»һƬӵȻЩþ֮ˣŵҹ̳֮󣬻Ųߡ
λǶҪȸղһ̳Ʒһưɣס֪ǲЩһôȥֻӲˡ
Ȼǽ𵤾֣һ¥ϰ壬֪ʱʲô
ϰ壬֪νľƷһƻж٣ȸһ̳
ȸ̳
ȶʮ̳
澹Ȼһһ˵ĿҹЩЩþ֮˵ˡ
λٰ꣬ƷһĿǰֻѣûдĳɾƣٹ죬ԸҼˣֻ־ƷһĹ൱ϼ俼۸ϿܻᡭסȻϾˣοε⻹ҪҹѼ۸̧һʵλãû󣬿ҹҲ⣬Ⱦʹ˰Ʊ
ϰ¼۸֮ˣѵǺȲôЩ۸ֻǳĬһ£ЩƴֵǺ
Ƕʯһ̳ȻҲȴ̽Ϣġ
סҹȥ˼Ҳıһ¡
ҹȴѶԷĿ⵱˿ЩͲҲΪ־ƷһƸκεǣֱӾˡ
һʯСɿҹ˵ȱ˼۸񣬡ûĻƷһƵļ۸Ӧһʯһ̳
סҲǾһ£۸񣬿Ǳ֮ǰҪʮ
ҹȻȷԭһƵļ۸񣬵¥һƲˣֻܹʯСɿھһʯȻڼľ޴Ҳ׾͸оˡ
žСɿһۣСѾͷְˮ飬Ҫۣڰ
ϣڳȻǮ˲٣һʮļ۸񣬲˶һ㿴ңҿ㣬ǲ̫һ̳һʯľһ
ôҾûһʯľƣ߾ƷһƲֵۣСɵû˿ɫ΢΢°ͣȻ˵ǴһûгƷһƣ޴жļֵҿԱֻ֤Ҫȹһ֮󣬾ҲΪֵһʯ෴֪һ¥ƷһƵĶۣжôǰͣ˵ģһʯֻڵĵ׼۶ѣƷһƾҲ̫࣬ʱ᲻Ǽۣǻɵ飬ԭʮϡȱһԭϣȣ˵һʯһһǧһʯҲδؾڸˡ
ò˵СɵĿڲǱȾסҪõö࣬һ˲ٲоƼ۸ߣӱڴ
󼸾䣬ޱһƾԺҲпʱûˣǰΪҹ뿪·һƷһԵøء
òĲŻԵ󣬶ʱܱƷĶٸһЩֵܻҪ
֪־ƷһʲôʱУһ֮󣬺ܿȲʵ
ֻҽעһһ¥Ķˣһûа취һ׼ȷĴ𰸡СƺΣʵЩ˵
Ҫעһ¥Ķ⼸ﶼҪһ¥ȹˣ͵Ǹһ¥һ氡
Ȼ˵һ¥ѾҪʲôһβͬƷһƵĳ֣϶һЩ޴ĲϢܾܿһһ¥ΪĴУǴ׬׬һʡ
ƷһƵжأѵֻΪپô󣿡ҲСֹš
⻰ɲҵ˵Ϊ±ס;СˣһˣԺ󶼲ƸǺȣͨһƶǿɾǸ˲ˡ
ھƷһƣ˵ٶ࣬Ҳܾƾرŵ㣬һжֻܵŴҺȵ֮󣬴йۣС˵һ仰ŵʱǿ϶֪˵һ٣ʮʯһʯһ̳ƷһƶֵõģǶЩ𵤾˵Ǿ͸ˡ
𵤾˵۾һѵƶΪаĻȷһʯ


560 
סҹһžƼҵ˽ׯ԰ȥѾûעʱ΢΢üžСɵСɣո˵ģƷһΪЧ𣿡
ǰȻģСصͷĿҲҹȥ
סһҲԣҹŪģҹ϶ŮƵЧŶԡ
ҿɲ̫ҹȴǺ޹ҡͷ
ôܣСɲŵոյľֻһڣ͸оһȻתÿ춼־ƵĻԺ𵤾ƽҪ׵ö࣬ôԵЧô᲻֪أ
ҹһʱãȻˣûζʲôȻתֻǺȾƵʱһ˿׵ֱ֮˻һ˿׵֮ڷģʱֻ»صԭλѣĶʲôЧ
ҵʱȽɡҹֻ˷ܵ
𣿡СɻɻţǿҹҲ٣׷Ҳʲʲôֻü˵ԼĸоȻֻһڣܸо̺һԵȴ뵽һƵ֮УʹԭְԵһּ͵ķʽֳǰ֮ϸչԼǰһ㣬žƷһƿ԰Ϊ
С˵˿϶סҲˡ֪ԼŮڱķһЩڶھϣǼ츳Ҳģһ־ʲôۣǿ־ƵȷЧ
ڶЩڣһʱ嶯˵һʯļ۸񣬿Щˣٺݺݼһ¼۲źáСɲź˵
۸ٸߵĻǿ¾ûмˡסʧЦ
ǿδأ֪ˣΪ޷ͻƽ𵤾ԸʮʮʯȥһŽԪԪҲһЩ۽𵤵ĻѣǵһҲЧĻԶԶȲϽԪֻҪһ˿İҲԪҪ˵ö˰ɣСȴôΪһƣһ߻ʮʯ֪ٵƣЩδؾͱһŽԪҪʲôѵͲ˿ֵּ𣿡
ӾסҹЩԾС뷨Щ棬ô˵һɱԪҪˡ
ҹ˾СΪʲôָˣǿΪԼھмһ˿׵֮
׵֮ؼΪԵй֮޲Ҹӽ籾Դ֮޵Уǿÿһ׶εĳɳ׵֮
Ժŵ˵׵֮Ե֮Уܰ߸طһ֣ȴܱÿյģҲÿ˶б׵֮ȥġ
ҹ׵֮һУʹûˣҲܴӾζѾޱ׵֮ȻСǶڴûˣǴһµء
۸⣬ǻ֮˵ȿЩһǲǳ˵ɡס˼һ£Ů뷨еһƿζ⣬֮ء
˲ʱѾһׯ԰ǰҹ΢һӦ֮£̾ͷ⸽Ȼ𵤾ػţɼƼҶׯ԰ӡ
ΪǾסţЩ𵤾ûκηӦׯ԰˿һҹ֪˵˽̤ֻׯ԰ǰ߲Ѿ𵤾ͨˡ
Ƽҿɲֻǿ¥ô򵥣͵𵤾԰ӣܿҲһһȻڱĵطȲϺ̻ЩһһԿһ
԰Ŵ򿪣ҹžס˽ȥ۾һƬʻãҹΪ֮һ
԰漸ûбĶ⻨ֻϥôߣȫһֽС֦ϣ֦ȫһͨƣûƽ͵֦޵һճһ㡣
˵һõĽһҹʵ
ǰƬĽһסҲЩԺ˵һǣֻǾƼӵһƬأҲֻһƬأֽһǧһ֮һֱõľƣΪֽһ˸޷õ
ȥЩһǰһûгʲô⡣Сϸ۲һ£ҡҡͷ˵
ֻǱҸоϣЩһµòչȥĻǲ¾ͻᶼˡҹȴǳͬ
˵ʲôӣ㲻ǿЦɣ˵Щһסһҹı飬֪ԷЦ
ǵʶ̫֮ԸӦһڲ˵Ҳ棬ССĽ֦Ȼʶ̽⣬ҵʶǿȻԵĻҲʵǵڲѾʼˡҹ߽һЩŽһĻ֦
Ǹô죿סüͷѾһš
һѾǾϰ֧ҵˣֺαôûнһأҹ˵Ƕϲ־ƣٴ£ŲѴ湻ʮȵľơ
ӣǾƼԾȻҲЩĲҵ˲ǿԵĻԸʧĲҵҲ¥ഫס̾ϢţӼȻʶˣܲ̽ʲôԭʹĽһ𣿡
̽һ¿ɡҹ˵Ѿųʶ֮ص»š
ʶ֮ϴ֮вСĽ˿̾Ǳסֽ𵤾ҲҪǿ˲ֹһ̸ʶϣǾס͸Ķˡ
ׯ԰Ľһͬҹûʶ֮ɢ۳һ㣬͸š
ʶһ£ʱоĵҲ𴦲ͬǱ𴦵ĵҪӲ˺ܶ࣬ʶĴ͸кܴӰ졣ͨĵȻԵģƬ棬ȴ˺ܶԵʡ
ҲΪʣԳ𴦶ûа취ĽһֻҹʶܸоЩʣһʮֻٶȣڽš
Ҳ˵ﱾʺϽһĻȻڲϻر仯ţȥʾͱøһʱǽһҲϾˡ
ҹʶ֮̽ȥҪ浽ǷʲôΪʲôʻͻȻ仯һ̽飬̾ͷһɼԵȵϢ
ǻ𣿡ҹﰵ
ҲµЩʲôӦǵص²֪ôһҽһĴڣҽʵ֮ڲϻƻԭʣҲ֪˶ãŵ˽һĻѸٵƻš
ȻĻ󲻹ǽһȥһƬׯ԰Ƕᱻˡ


561 ſС
ҹɻˣôƽ޹ʲһңס˵Ҳ˼ǧĽһ˵̫ͻȻһôȵҽŶԡ
ʵô֣ҽƾصһڻ۵ĳ̶ڲϼӿ죬ǲֹĻò£ͻһлˡ
ӣ֪̽ʲô𣿡סҹɫţҲԽ
˵ǽ𵤾ŲСһŵ鲻ˣһʱĽ
ҹ̾˿Լ̽鵽˵˳ôûʲôð취ϾǴƬҽһ仰ܸġ
ҽסŮǾȣȻ˭Ҳû뵽һ
֪ƾ֮ͨܲܰص׵ҽӡһ£ǿԵĻ˵ܶһʱ䡣ҹ˵
סҡͷҽȻȲϾףҲؼ伫ԵĻͨӡǴﵽ˷龳־֮仯ʵΪľ磬ûа취Զѹƣ绹ǻ緢ġ
ǷӡһʱأСɲʵ
ӡһʱʲôãһ绹ǻ𡣡סǿɬʹϧһƵʧֻҪ׬Щʯѡ
Ҳ˵ѹһʱٿԸ취ʱ䣬ҹǰͻȻһЩʱ䣬ǾͿ԰ҽȥ
𴦣סһ㶡
£ǲֱӰҽȡҽ϶ֻһУƬĵطΪҽĵطܰѵص׵ҽߣǽһȻûˡҹ˵
סһϲ漴ɫֳҡҡͷҲ̫УƬׯ԰ܣûʲôʵ֮УҲǺ̻ĵط̻ȻǾƼҹϵȴҲΪ˾Ƽңȥô࣬ǶǸûκεĺôôأ
̻ҹһȴû˵ʲô
Ҫһ£Է϶ܾϾ֮ǰԼֵ̻ôһŵǿƴģΪ˽ǵСͶСǣȻΪһƬһѵ
ģҲֻôˡҹ̯֡
סֻ֣Ǹ̾һ¶ѣӷģȻһϾƼҵĽ𵤾ܲŰѵص׷ӡһʱ䣬Ϊ֮ƣֻǾһЩʱˡ
Ǹ֮СͻȻ˵
ȻճУ֮䲢ûгͻסתͷҹȥ֪ҪôʩչطҺȥϸһ¡
ҲôֻǽҪıľƾһͿˣӸʡһЩҹ
Ǻã¾ˡסҹл

סĶʮ֮죬֮󣬾ͰԽҹȥ˾Ƽزصľƽˡ
ҹ˲ľֻ̳ڲģǳģŸԵݣеһ޴ľƸ
Ǵǰ⼸ǲֵܳľۣڣסȻѾȥˡ
ڶľƸףҹҲûбŵ׵֮ȻӻǱǰȴǶ˼˵ž׵֮ҲֻһͿˣĲ
׵֮ĹˣֻҪץʯǾͿƷһˡ
ҹ̬ĵطԪ֮Ȼ٣ȴʯʱ䣬Ǳô鷳
˵֮ǰƷʯܿٲĻʯֱҹĸǣսֻҪʯԪ֮ȡ֮֮һ㡣
ֻһҹʱ䣬ҹͽƽľƸ׶˾Ʒһơʵϣֻ˰ҹѣҹھƽƷסصĳһơ
Ӿƽҹ˸ԹԼסĿջȥ֮ǰ˵Ϣ֮󣬾ͻ֪ͨҹȻ֪ڲôϢҹǴżϣظˡ
ι
ҹߵò죬ͻȻһڶȴҲûͣ½Ų
ವһһɫӰҹǰСɺţΪʲô˵
ҹ˶Էһۣתһȥ
㡭Сܻæ׷ȥ˶ԷǰҵˣӦƷһƣȴΪʲô仰ϸ˵
ǲΪ׬ʯѣڸ˵ƺûʲôϵɣҹüë
ôûϵҸ˵㲻˵ǵһƿɻԸءСɶ
˵ģҹתͷ
ȻˡСһ°͡
ţƶѾ˾Ʒһƣڲһô
ǺǣԭڹˣҰҹЦҲ˼֡
ô˭㲻ҵģСɰҹһۣúøҡιҪȥĶ
Ȼ˵ԸҺȻҪȥЩѾɾƷһƣٴǵԭˡҹ˵ŹȻžƼҾƽѵķȥˡ
㲻˵İɣСɫ䡣
˵ģ˵ľģҹ½ŲŶԷû̫ʱȻŪЩʯǲĺںǵʲôһƣǣҪΪҪЮʲô
Сһʱͣ벻ԷȻһˮûС
˵ҹһ㲻˵ˣѾ֪ʲô˼ˡ
ҹȥСȻӦæ׷ȥסҹĸ첲ǵģģҸոֻǸ˵Ц
ϧû˵Цҹ鿪Լĸ첲˵ǻ׼£ԭһƾͺˡ
ҡСû뵽Ūɳ׾Ѿ֪Ҫôˡ
ۿҹҪ뿪ЩζľƷһƣٸԭӣ治׻ʲôӵĸܡ
֮䣬СȻȥӱһѱסҹવ
ǿЦģǿЦģ㲻ңҲŻءСҹĺ󱳿š
ȿȡҹһʱô˵޾Ϳޣ˵ͱúԼ۸һιܷܲ˵ܶ˶ڿƼҵĴСء
СһȻִ˺ܶ˶˹ֱ۲ûзɣøˣԼ֮ȥҲܣôҶô۸ҡء
ҹǱˣڴϱŮ˱ſޣչ鲻ʲôÿģƾСӣҪڵϣ֪Ҫ򱧲ƽġ
˵С㣬ռҵı˺òãҪһ˸򱧲ƽģĶ˵ȥҹε
˵㻹ҵ𣿡
ˡ
㻹ҪѾƱȥ𣿡
˰ɣ
Ժң
ֲģҸҲ𣿡ҹױˣŮҲûɶʱͻˣ
ſС㣬Ҷ㲻
һϺȴҹʣѾϹôģ˭˭


562 ûҳ
ҹתͷȥֻһʮӣһŭҹҹһ
֣ſС㣬ٲſĻүүҶ㲻ԷҧгݵӣҹҪ治ŵĻһ˾Ļȥˡ
ëҾСɵ飬ʲôʱֵˣСüһ
ҡС㣬ڸȻҵ۸㣬ģڣ˭Ҳ۸㡣Ǹлë˱һһ㶣ȴִԲָҹӡ
ž
ҹһѿСɵһ˦ڻëϡ
һƴòᣬȻҲͬΪǰ˲׵ϸߣһ
Ҵңֱë벻ҹҶִӦֱǱһŭ֪֪˭һͱ߳ˣӡ
ž
Ļû˵꣬һƺ
˵һֻڲС֮䱻򵽵ģһۿŴԼϡ
㣬һ˲䣬ԼҪŲӣȻʲôסһ㣬Ͷˡ
ѵǼˣëŵʱһֽʵʵذϡ
Ҳƽϣ˵̫࣡ҹסԷĲӣˣȻ㹷²ҾͰ³
𡭡Сƺ뵽ʲôæҪֹѾˡ
ҹİƾͺһ˻ëϣҹֽͣ˦ϵʱ򣬻ëݶ׷״˳
úݣΧ۵Щ֪ëݣɵþҹֵĺһͨȥȻûаѶԷǻƼҾܾô˵ģΪҲǵðҹɱɡ
ô죿ҹСɣӶԷı֪ղҪֹġ
ǸëȻĵޣǾ;ܷŹڵĻǰͬҹǴǰҹ
Ҳ˼˾ʹ˰ɣСҪһ£ǿҹɫѿٽͳʲôҲٶ˵ˡ
ղŵ鶼ǳģΪҹҲƽ޹ǳһǿУȥҹ˵ʲôԷƴ󣬷öԷŻë˵ˡ
һҧСǰסҹĸ첲ŵϺ޺޵أȴûҧĻëҹδ֮飬ֲܣԲѷҲǻãʲôǾƼҽžǣ
˵קҹԶȥʣһȺΧȺڡ
㿴ңҿ㣬һ˵ŴĻë
˵ԩԩ˾СɺδڽϴΣȥûͷûԵڣôû̵˵˾СɻҪŻʲôĳǾƼ׵ãʵǸû¶鰡
Է𣿡ҹ˵
ҡСһ⻰ʱί˼ֻҪ
УܲȲҪˣӸǵ鷳𣿡ҹһӣʱε
˭֪˵ãһ˵֮£Сɸ۵һ红һ
ҹЩ֪ˣô˵һŮǰ޵ģҲûа취ȥʲôˡ
Ҫôܲޣҹͷʵ
Сɲֻǿޡ
ҹûжˣֻĵҴ˻ôֻҪ㲻ޣҿԴӦһ
ӦһСزˣˮĴ۾ʵ
ԭˣңҹʱЩõ
ǵģСɼקסҹ첲ٴܵˣո治ģֻǸ㿪Ц˭뵽͵ˣǸð˵϶˶Ըģҡ治ǹ鷳ʵֻ˵ھ¥ʱֻ̫ļҪһƣһʱ鼱Ż̬Ȳã㲻Ҫҵòã
ˣѾˣˡҹתȴ־Сץ֣ι㲻˰ɣǸǾƼҺҲղġ
СһЦ˳ȴǲ֣УתߣﻹңȥһóԵĲƷ͵Ǹˡ
ˣҼŻȥءҹüͷ
У㲻ӦĻҾٿ޸㿴Сһֱ׳ӡ
ҹǺǺЦӣѾСħŮһҪ֡
СħŮ˭𣿡СЩʵ
һáҹڻʲô
кܶ𣿡Сƺľô⣬ٸʵš
òʵ̫ˡҹƳ˶Էһۡ
Сɫ΢΢һ죬漴ֹʾͲȥԷɣ
˵ŲҹԣѾĳ¥ȥ
һǲʲô򣬵ȴҲСʮһ¥Сҹģеһҡ
һ¥ľȻһģҷֵĲƷȴһģ֤һΣ롭Сɽš
ǼһƵĹʶ̵İɣҹͷش
Թ˾֪ˡСҲ⣬ֻקŶԷž¥ȥ
˭֪ûߵ棬ֻӭһˣ˵ӣҹǾСɣͣ˽Ų
ǺǣⲻСôĲЦţĿ⳯˴һ£Ҹո˵Сÿźץһˣؾλ˰ɣò˵С۹⣬ǲˣֻɫʵ䲻㡣
˵˰ɣϴǲϹۣ˶Լ㲻ȥȥôǲ˼ҲҪ㣬һ˳Ҫǵһ¥ƽС˿ʾ۾񣬺ڼſڿһ㣬һһ¥ȫ⣬үǴȥĺãһ¥ź𣡡
Сã˵ˣҾ¥ܻӭңҿ²ôӭأȥ֪ˡĳ߳ȥ
˵ʲôСȻӾ¥߳ˣɫ쳣ѿô£
ǺǣҲʲô£Ҿ¥ѾүĲҵүܴ󷽵ģ˼ǮһӦǾ¥һˣǺǣ˵ĺ£ȥңСɰִֹ㲻ҲȰȰһһ¥óǸүһҪúһмֺƤ˵޳ܵĻҲ˿û֪Ƶġ
ޣ˭޳ܵһң壬˽԰ѾƼҵĲҵˣȻ׶֪һѵҪƼ𣿡СŭĿӡ
Ѿͷô˵أүлԼģôܽˣСӣ˲ŽˣүǰСңǲЩˡһ˿ƺǶҹЩмӡ
СӣּˣһΣûôõϷˣңֻܰһʩˡɭɭЦ


563 й
ˣһ¥ǸõǰɣҹһȻӣ̧ͷɨһ£Ҽǵϴ㲻¥ŶˣһܵúãԸֵ궼رǲǣСӲúøɣʯġ
˵˦ַɳһʯڳ˶õɴ۾
λҴү鶼̻ǿ̻֮һǰСӾȻҵϷŪⲻ
ҲʵǶԼ̫ˡ
СãҵˣҪ׼عˡҧÿ֨֨졣
СȴְҹԼ󣺡ģҸ֮ûκιϵ˭ɷҲ£Ȼһ¥⣬ǾͱǲЩ飬ҹûκιϵǶһëǾƼҸƲ
Ǻǣ㻹ֻͦŮ󣬻ʲôˣļЦ
ԸõģʲôҪ˵ҹܼסӾСɵ˳
СҪҹסʮȻҲһѾڣҹԻǸˣʵ֪ǿ˶١
˵Ǻ鶼̻ĴүĶϳҹܱȵϵġ
֮ǰҹ䲻˻ëѾԾСˣľǻëܱȵģֻҪһҹ϶Կ
ٽõģҾʹⱲӶŲ졣ļֱŭ˼㣬˵֮ǰҹ֪ݣҲ϶ʮˣȻ̡
ģҶСɻû˵꣬ȴѾҹ˹
ð򣬲ӣȻ㲻ҲӣҿɲҪӡҹ
СһͷĿ϶˻ҩһըˣ֪ᷢʲôء
ԭһ¥ҲӦоƼҹĸ֣ڶ徹Ȼֵ꣬ģȻҲ͸Ƽһ˹ϵָӲˡ
ôźã
˵ҹһ¥ǿڶԷҵ˽һ˥ԭһ£ŶԷ۸
οھСɵҹҪĶΪԭ򣬱ø΢
Ȼҹʶֻһ죬еĵλȴȻ൱ҪˣҪȻҲ˿˼ɵرҹڽϴޡ
ھСŽ취ʱѾŭɶٿ֮Ѿ֪γһҹնһ⡣
糱ˮƲɵҹӿȥƶܰҹѹ
ҹһ˿ɫһĶ̽Ѿն
һûκιâȥͨնһƵġ
СҲﰵͬʱȴеطˣҹǱ̽ϣƺǿһ˵Ĺ
ֻһ˲ĹȻȥף֮ǰƣһն֮󣬶ʱ©ƤѸٵȥʲôƣѾɢˡ
Ľ˿ûзԼƵˣǼһҹĶ̽촽סضţ͵ѽ˵Ļҽ֮ء
ʶģСɵҲһ˿Щ棬ִżʵ
ʶҹ̹Ȼ
ܣôʶСɫܰѱĽ͸㣬˵Ǵʱ͵ģƺܵ˴̼š
񾭡ҹҡҡͷֲˣҲֻˣһֶ˷ѡ
Ǻİѽ͸𣿡С˸ƵĹâʡ
ǰҹٴο϶ػش
ΪʲôСĹĵ
տûжƤ⣬ѽպûɱˣԾͽˡҹܳʵ˵
ñĽƤ⣿СظţͻȻһЦ˳
ҹӦ¼䣬ΨһһѽƤ˰ɣ̫иˣ
ҲһȴҪѪĿĿеŮ񰡣Ϊ˺ģȻ˵˾СɵĻԼϧ̻֮һ鶼̻үݣΪŵԣԷȴ˦˦ȥףŶˡ
ǰ֪ðСӣȻúĵ̽ȥ޵Ƥտ
ҪɱºСļһŭˣһҹĺ
ϴŵһ㺮ǣǷݰ㣬ݺݵҧɹ
顭
ʽ׺ݣҲҪ˲Ч⽣ֻһ룬ԪûбƵʱľѾɶһʽȻҲû˺ˡ
ֻҹٶ̫죬һֱڹעľСҲûпףһȭôеġ
ǰһ˲ڷһҪҹĺˣһ˲䣬ҹξѾԭأѾҹһȭ׷
һûпҪÿһȭСɵǶΪԴһȭ֮ҹϾͱȭӰеıĽѾͻ䣬ֻȭͷѾ㹻ĳԲˡ
ֵǣǳ˿ˣһȭȭ֪òᣬľȻһûзһ򶼱ľСɶЩˣСʲôʱйˣ
֮ҹһȭվھСɵԣͨһڵϡ
̧ͷʱ򣬾СɵıþԱ߶Χ۵ˣɫҲؾʡԭ˭ûмеͷ
ɰǣͷϣһ㳦죬ҹûкȭͷܷչйģ
ӵҲܽͣΪʲôйˣǲУǽжвɣ
㡭ҴүҰץһԼ°ϵĲүȻǰˣǻ˵ãָž¥ˣҹΧȥ
˭ҶҾСɷģƼһûûˣСﺬɷž¥ܳ˳
¥ȻƽžҲžĽƣһ¥׶ɾס;СܹܵģʱСһȣܶͣ˭Ҳǰˡ
ͬʱЩҲҹ뿴ҰѺ鶼̻үͷһþСɳ֮ΪɷˣǸʲôӡ
Сɣѵ֪үʲôҪƼôЩӡ
ߣѾǾƼҵˣСɲмƳ˾һۣѵ˵˭ǳһ¥˭ǾƼҵˣ壬һô㣬òҪһٴҺҵһ˵ġ
СɣΪҲ֪ǵһƳ⣬ڲүҲֻԼȻΪʲôڶЩѵҪȵ¥һĲֵʱүү̵ȥ𣿡ûаӣСӣץ鶼̻ƼҶе𣬸ϣ
˭ǰһҾСɱȻ޷һ㣡Сɺȵ
ҵҪССľƼң޷㣡


564 Ű
ϣɱǸС֮
ĸղıɵˣԼ˶ȭףԼԪ֮ӻ񣬿Ϊʲôһ֮䣬ûзӦѾ˾Ե·磬ֵĻᶼûУ
ʱ̾;һ񣬴
Ϊ㳦ԭķЩŹ֣ǡˮϣСС֮
үģһСӴңΪүڶ϶ҹҪԷмͷðһƵġ
ԭǸ𵤾ãҹϳ֣ûоȣڵһ
ãСҲ֪Ϊʲô˵ǵ仰ʱȻĪطֻҪҹ˵֤һ
ȻСҲ벻ףҹһڣƾʲôڽ𵤾ǰ˵ݣ˿ûоɫӡһĪΣҹһ׼Һܻܿ϶Ʒ
ȷЩţϸϸһ£СҲò̫ܣڴ
ֻһͲ˵ˡϿҹѾڵһʱٻǰ͸ҫ۵Ĺâͨʱ緢
ƣΧ۵˶׷ˣһ¥Ҳ⣬ǿɲ뱻˽𵤾ͨǿΣյġ
ڵȳ𣿡ҹǺЦʵ
ߣʲôԣϷȳֵĻǾûٳֵĻˡǿһҹ
Ҳ˵ģǼȻҾͳȫ㣡ҹһͻȻԭʧˡ
СҲҵǰŪϼҹʧֻǲмƲƲǣû⡣
΢һתͷֻҹĳλֳҹƺǷԼα˷ˣֻһ֮̾ٴǱ
ɵһ˲ٴһλֵʱϵĿҲǡǡ˹ȥƺôѶԷһ㡣
СѾЩİ֣κΪҲȽҹʵҪһЩ
ôΪǵҹɴ˻ë֮󣬾СѾףҹʵԶԶֳЩ
ƺôܴܽ𵤾ӣҹЩʲô
Сɻ󲻽⣬Ҳûбİ취Ǿס԰Щæȴûֱ£ֻؿš
ҹαԷʶλ֮ҹǲٶòǷùˡ
ô𣿡ʵ
ӣǺǣ˵Լ𣿡ҹȴЦҲģ
һȻϻһȭ
һȭޱȣʹ˺Ҫƿһľ
ɶڽ𵤾˵ʵ̫ˣǶԷֻýӲһȭͷ˵Է
ȻҹȭͷѸʵȴ;ͻȻˡ
ƣ
˵һεֱλΧһʱЩɻЩǴģʲôãΪʲôȥûȴľսĸо
Щû˸ش𣬵ʵϴһ̾Ѿˣ
ҹȭͷ¼٣Ҫ֮ͨҹʱȴȻ֣ͨȻˣǿҡҡλεĽҲЩŲסӡ
䡭
ҹһȭǿŽ棬˵һȫһҲʲô󰭵Ľ𵤣ȴܵʲôشһ㣬ҡεøˣϸؿһƣЩһѪ
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Ȼڻû̫ƣǵһóͰһ𵤾ŰˣǺԺġ
ȻҲ˻ϲǣҹԺʱֻɱϧɱĻᶼûУֻܱҹٻĽ𵤣ɴӰһһϡϡ
Ϊ𵤾Ǻ鶼̻Ľ𵤾֪ԼʵǿģζûᱻһŰ
ôǣõĻԼĽ𵤣
ǵһξÿĻһϼرһʹ޵ģֱѵܰ
Χ˶Ŀɿڴֻҹ٣ȴűʶƣҹˣȥϵĽϾʹһȭô޴ľٶڴҿ˭֪ҹûˣϸûһ
ҹȻץϵĽ𵤵˴۾ǣϲ֪ԴʲôҩȻûзһ£⵽ϷһŰ
𡭡ˣ䡭Ŀ֮£ڿˣֻ仰һ˵ǽеһϣʱɳֵõȻ޴ˡ
ԭΪͻȻ֮ʲôڴһٷ֣ҹСɫ߷ɵȥȴúܶ˴ʧϾȻˣǴź鶼̻˷˰
Ҳûа취ֻǱһ٣ǱʵҲǰһЩͬˡ
ҹĽ𵤿صչˣôȥǽѣΪָˣСҪȥˣɲ
ϣôԡĴʧҪŭͷվٴθҹѪƴʱͻȻҹسʱ˸ĻҲ˸䣬ôԸλֵ֣ܶҶԼˣĶ಻ãǲǰλ̨
ǺǣҹǸʷ˧ͷҲЦҼǵøոү˵ҪɱСأôѾֵ𣿡
ǣոһʱᣬǱֵܣλֵܲ⣬ҿԸھͽͬͬͬͬͬͬĻҪ£ȴˡ
үݵˣҿɸʲ𣬡ҹֳһ˿ζЦ⣬ȻôңҲͲʲôˣҳһϵʯ̫ˣʲôã֪үܲܽ
һ֧ᡣ
Ȼϣǰʵڱˣ
鶼̻үȻˣж󶴵ˣŻµǣ룬ȻҲսʵʱĩҪ˰
費裬һ仰ҹؿģӺ˵ҪҲ裬̾㡣
裬һʯԼˣ˵ʲô費ģ͵͸ֵˡĶ㳦Ц
־һʯҶڸ̾ź鶼̻үҹȴƲƲ죺һʯòƲ󹻰һҪٽһУү𣿡


565 Χ
٣ǺĴٰ
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ȻҹĲô򵥣ɲֻҪһʯǻҪ࣬ٶ࣬޶࣡
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ú鶼̻үȻһʯòҹЩɵؿŶԷ
ģֱٻ氡æ䷢ġ
ȻǾͱҲˡҹָааЦݣĵ׷ĸо
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һʶȥʱĶǲ٣˼ʮʯ֮⣬вٵݵҩԼ֮ģ˵൱ḻ
ЩҹǺģͷޱȷḻӵļ䣬з䡢ȵȵȵȣָĶкܶ࣬޲ǶƷףϧҹû㹻ĲȥЩӿɾͽȼü֮ˡ
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һڲˣȸǶ뿪һ
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㶼˵ˣʲôûУôأǰɣҹ
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Ҫպұ𣿡ҹǿ͸˶Է˼ȴǺǺǵЦš
ܣǿǺֵܰľһ£ΪϴԼ˼æЦȥǹȥˣҲǲʶе˼´εĻҪúøֵ׼һ񣡡
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𣿡ҹһ̤ǰ־ס˾Ĳӣ˵úܶ԰˾ӦҪŴһǲȥǾƼҵģҼǵøոպ˵ѾǾƼҵˣɱ㣬֪Ƽǻ᲻㱨ֻǻлҸǳһͽѽ𰸵ʲôأǺ֪֪𰸣ֻɱС
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Ӱһ𵤾ҹ
ҹָһʱͷ˳˭ǰһ̾ɱ
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ѾǾƼҵˣλҪǸžƼңҪ顣СҲǰ𵤾˵
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ǾͺãȥһٽǵģСɽŵ滺һ£Ҫ˱ˣҹɾˣҾ¥ѾǾƼҵĲҵžƼҵ飬ǾȥҸװɡ
𵤾ûٶ˵ʲôֻСɵ˵ͷٴηȥҲ֪뿪ˣ˸ط
𵤾û뵽С仰͸߽ˣһȫụ̂ϵıҲޱȾɥ
ʣˣҹ˵ƼڱĵطȲϺ鶼̻ᣬһʵȴһҲΪģ˾ƼҲûйϵĶ˴øһʲô̵ģ
СɣҪСӣĿǺ鶼̻ү̻һ˿ϣͷѵתСɡ
Сɻû˵ҹѾڽǺǣΪһῴСɵӷ㣿ΰɣҸƼҲ죬ӣ˼Һ鶼̻ܲǰɣˣոǵүѾʯô˼ʾһ£ԹóһһĻǺ鶼̻ᣬһǵľƼңһȲ㣬ĵҩ
Сһ£漴︡Щжղŵȷάҹ˭ҹһҹⷬɰѾƼҸ˳ȥȻǲƼΪѡ
ҪڣҹѾٴοڣ㲻ؽͣҪΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ҵǰˣֶΣ㻹һΪٶ𵤾ɣûˣʯֻЩڤˡ
СҲãˣ֪Է˵ĵʲô˼
ĺ;Ŀȴ΢΢һ䣬ƺʲôԭС֪ʱ䣬Ҫٵĸð


566 ƻС
Сֻʱ䣬ҹһģ
ڸղſܲ˼飬ĺ;һӾˡ
ĿСɵҲĸ鶼̻ΪУǾƼЩʵֻҪ鶼̻ƼҲֻǷ֮顣Ȼ˸СɵĻԼŮ˳׺ȴִǴǰֵͼ
ھǾƼҵˣǾСҲŸɱοҪ鶼̻ᣬ͸ӲˣԾСҹǺܳ֡
ʯҪʯҪ˰ҹû̫ʱ俼ǣڴ٣ɲǴΡ
оϵֽ˼֣ʱŷӦܾСǻҪɱҹħצ
ááŴӻͳһָ
ҹùָɨһ¾֪мʮʯܸùԼ𵤾
Ȼ׬ʯֶβôʣ˭̰¶أԺ鶼̻ǿٿĵӣͷˣԷҲŹ׬ʯ˵ɡ
ְѾ˦ɣѽָףָȻûʲôҿ㻹ǱȽгģʱŹɡ
ѪǱȽг⣬ǿʮʯĳⰡȵȣʲôʱŹѵԺҪԵعһ
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ԭҹЦżϷʣ˭óͿĵ˼İɣ׼ˣʱǰ
ԽԽԶˣĻǲȷεٺ˵ˡ
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ȥŭϰ壬һ߶æؾˡ

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ι㲻ĻҪɱɣСЩŭ
֮ǰЩҹᣬǼ˵ʱȴôҲͲ
ôᣬҹЦô˵ֻǲΪҶ鷳鷳һ͹ˣûбҪٶһǾƼңǿɲֻһ˵顣
С֮ŭ̾ɢȴ޽ĵطһۣȻ֪Ļ鷳ﻹҪȥһȥǣûԼ·պ޴½ߣ鶼̻ˣҪ㲻ˡ
ΪԸֻҶѡҹЦһȻʵͷµЩֶΣҲںϵУɺ鶼̻Ŀǰ治Ըȥǵġ
㣬Ҳ͹ˣαطҪŪ޷⣿С̾˿ҪҹЩ鷳
ãҹЦЦξмֳζˣļøҵ𣿺鶼̻дүεҫɨһӣһϣǾ飬СﱾͲʲôӣҲνʲôϣǽʱҹڵŹң»ʲôǻλ𵤾һңȻһʣȻˣΪСңβСҲɼ̤СǷҲһҪ
һ¥ҹ֪Էݣ֪ˣ˵ΪĿģѡʱüԷ֮
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˵ҹòҲӦõģ뾡һа취ĥҹɱйԼĲ
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˵ôõģܲԵ޹ʰԼ̽͸ɣСЩ˵
Ҳ֪ΪʲôѽǺ͸ҹģЩ
˼治ã˵տûаƤĵͰѽ͸ãǻˡҹ˵
Сɿһ㣬Ҫ˵һŮӣĵһŮζ׽Լİ彣͸ˣο飬Ӳ
һʲôҹԸ˵ĶСɰҹһۡ
ҹȻ۽һĿ⳯žСɺȥ
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567 ֻ
СɾһȻ벻ҹȻͻȻ͵Ϯ
漴ͷ֣һƿͣȴأֻǰػɶѣûжκε˺Ȼⲻҹֻǲ
ҹҪɱֺαػҪ͵ϮģСҲ˼׿϶ʲôҹıʱֵˡ
ȻЩΣ뵽ⶼΪ˾Ƽ룬ůůġ
һƻ˾С֮ҹ̵תΣ̤ϰҹĳӶȥ
ˣΪȻ֣ڰΧ棬λ𵤾⻹Ǹ˵ϡ
ҹɲɣ֮ǰ֮ƾսݻɷԪʹϽ𵤾ʵûзӳѾŰ
⿴棬ȴҲ侪գκһ˲ܻǻŰǱŰĶ¾ҪҹԼˡ
˵Ҫл϶ıӺʹ⣬ʱ䶼ûС
ڲͬˣʵ۷״̬Ľ𵤾¾ǽ𵤳ҲҹܶԸģٲܣɾֻ·һˡ
СӣĪǻΪԼߵõ𣿡һ𵤾ں˵
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˵һҹЦһȴڵ٩ţǼҴү֪ŵĴ۹ȻǲС
С𵤾Ҳǹâһȫҹ׷ȥ
ת֮䣬СֱͬÿյСɿŽɳ۶ȥӰͻȻ뵽ʲôһţĳȥ
СãСܲģһԺҵС檵¶ӭһͷײ˹
Сɺ޲Ǹͷٴȭ
ڲŷҹûǲȻҪѵ鶼̻ᣬǲɱģ鶼̻ỹôͷɹڷ鷳ġ
֪ǣҹҲֹֻ̾ͱˡ鶼̻ᣬϾһСɱˣһﲻ֪Ҫٵķˣж޹˶ᱻǣڣҪģҲֻһ˶ѡ
Ƶʱ𵤾ҲͬƣǷԼҲֻǸҹܵóƽѡ
ʼǳƽǽģҹԽԽŨʱѾʼ¸Էˡ
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ţһѪɫ⣬ҹȥͻȻڽӽ˲䣬һƬ޴Ĺ⻪âû۳Ļһ·
ҹϵ֮󣬾ȻѸٵرţǱѩ˷ˮһ㣬ɼⶫ֮
ҹһֱΪֹû֮ͨҲʹãΪ֮κϢһ֣û뵽һΣԷȻһֶΣȻҪˡ
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ۡ
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𵤾ĿҲ¶أǸʩչͨߣǶҹ˼ּɵ
ͨ˵ЩߵģΪһʩչڽԼһʵ֣Ͼʱ޵ģһִѳʩ߸ûκηأֻܵűԷŰԳȺսʱһ»Уƽʱ˭ҲɵȥӭС
ҹһۿһģǾԲһ֮
һԷţĸȫʢʱڵĽ𵤾٩٩̸
һһһϣҹܣƺĴķ羰Ȼûɽˮ㣬ҲǸĵطұҲһ컯
ĸѾҹΧĽ𵤾ţϵĴҲ٣ҹ޼ɵ˼ģǻǵһ
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ϷİɣҾͲСܷʲôϳ־ǽͨ
ǿŽֻǰһ֮ȻһѾĴ󽣣ˢҹն˹ȥ
ķâ޲ҹ֤ţȻͨǱһѴ󽣣ֱй֮޲
ãҾӲһ㿴𵤾ʵûʸڸǰСУ


568 ͨΧ
ҹֺãȻҹŶԷնȥ
ͨǿԪķ룬Ѿطĳ̶ȡȻҲм޵ģûͼԪݻ߶ԱͨΪ߸һϡ
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ڵҹҪеˣȻԼԪ֮ҪӲսʤĽ𵤾ǿߡ
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Ȼһ̣֪ҹЩʲô˲ʧ־Ѿ㹻ѣٲСĽӦԣܾܿһްܱĽ
ȻͷŸոһʱҹѾǰаҹѸ򽪳ϵĽ𵤡
ϻս𵤾ǵǽˣһΪҲ͸ûʲôˡ
һôͲںܻЦһҵԷͷȥǶԷڽϣҲʲô˵ġ
ҹͬӸոһж֮ͨ˵֮ܶͨһҲܶĽô죿
ŲأϽŸոһͿҹһָǰ
ߡһͨػȻҲҪʱˡ
ҹͨӦ֮ҪԪĻģý𵤾ǿߣܲԷɣ
𵤾Լͨǿ԰ڽϸҵԪ֮
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Ȼҫ۵Ĺâ֮УϿҹͻȻֳһ˿ЦݣͬʱָͻȻ֮īĺɫ
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ϵȻбǸǿˣǾǿǵͨƿԣôܰѾʩչͨߣ
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ĸ𵤾һʱס˿ҹվսһƬ̣˵ҲУҪԼͬһ¶ܡ
˶ͬ⣬⵽ǷʲôѵǸոյıըʱշŤĵͨɵ֮
ҲǸֻ֣˼һ£ͼѡ𰸣ΪԻġ
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ɻ֮䣬˿ɵȥ˵ÿ죬ø죬Ũ̹֮УȻ̽һצݺݵسŽץȥ
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ȻҲ벻ôǿһͨʱ֮ͨѪɡ
ֻͨһ֮󣬾;ɢˣ򽪳治֪᲻̾
ͬǣڸλҲͬʱͬ飬ֵֻͨͬѡ
ֵĺȻǽǵͨ޽һ𽪳ȫʩΪʱ򣬻Ҫӷ˼֣Ǳλϵļ򶼸ҲǴ̴һѪڲҪλ
һ紵ѵϵĳ̴ɢȥֻҹУҲǷǳǱȫǶͷҲðẓ́ϸǻ˹һһһ顣
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ҹʱҲǷǳƣԷĿ˵൱ľˣûУֻʶʯϣʮʯṩ˭뵽ʯȻˣһѳʮʯͨͨСͲôһͽȥˡ
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ǡ˵е󣡡һ𵤾ɫ԰׵ûѪɫҲˣȴڲסԼľü˵
Ǻǣ벻ʶ˰ҹɨһۣĸ𵤾ϵصڵϣɵһЦ
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ҪǣҹֻһѰһ𵤾ѾֵÿҫˣҹȴǰһѵĽ𵤾ƳڵĹӣҪ˵ҲǼٵġ
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Ҫô˵أҹǺЦš
仰Ҳ٣ǧҹǵһʱ򣬾ƾԼǻۣ²ӳˡ
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ǳһ⣬ʯᱬҹǾû뵽ṩʮʯҲᱬҺЩ󲿷ֶգȻܱըûҶʣˡ
ڵô죿ϱΧսģ˿Ҳòվ
ҶˣظңҸ裬ôҹһѸתսָԼƣһµ˵
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һǣǷʶŮӣ㿴һһѾǿŮӵӣǾ;ϴΪһǣҲҲڶŮӣǶһ޶ĵһŮġ
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ҹƺǿ̶ܵӣ±Цǵ鷳ǲֻаոڳЩһȪ·ڴҶţǾҲûиͬеʸˣôһͷ鶼̻ԺԷ˯ɶҪСһЩˡ
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ҹʲôӵˣѾ˲ٵ˽⣬ƺһᱻ״򶯵ˣᱻ״򶯣ȫ޷򶯣浽㹻ʱ򣬻᲻Ǿͺ˵ˡ
ţ֮ûл᲻ĶģǺ̻ĴС㣬Ķ
ŮһҹĿҲøȤζ
ҹư˼ͣ治ϧЩʿϲڣϲκԣ˰ɡ
ı΢΢һ䣬ƺ֮⣬漴ֲɫЦˣԪ̻㣬Ҹո˵ģʮ֮ĵλ֮⣬˭Ҳ㡣
ţúףҹͷػشҲϲ֮ĸ֡
̶һЦ˳åˣǰͷð̣ڿˣǸоͦˬġ
ں̻ʧ֮ǰǲıˡ⻰ǳвζ
Ҳô˵˵Ǻ̻ʧˣҲı⣬ҹǺ棬ҿЩᣬҲǺ̻ˣԪ̻ͺ̻֮ѡĻҿ϶ѡ̻ᣬ˭㲻ĳôأŶҲǣһǻѡ̻ᣬΪҲϲˣҲϲ
ģϣ̻᲻ʧźáת̤Ϸɽ
øԪ̻ĳϴкҪǻ͵Ҳһ·ֶΣԪ̻ĳϣȺ鶼̻ЩҪǿ١ҹıӰ
һ٣漴ɳ۶ȥжȻһХĳЩ˴źš
üͷӣڻڿ𣿡
ûˣҹҡͷոǼһһϼһﶼˡ
Ϊʲôǿ̶ȵ
Ԫ̻ﻹЩϡŹֵˣǷֲҲ֡̾˿Ҫ̻֣һҲò̫ƽˡ
Ԫ̻᲻𣿡̶޺޵ص
˵Ȼڻԭϣߵ顣
ǲһ֮ǰȻ֪Ԫ̻ᣬǻ涯֣ϸ𼸷ɫڲ֪ʲôǾȻҿӣβֵĻǲݵģǺ̻Ҳ۸
ι˵ûУСҲ֪ĸطð˳
ҹһô
Сɶʱöţȥ㱨ţΪô֪飬ոպøϵ𣿡
ҹ֪ԭǾСȥţĲüȻһΣе鷳
Ѳʵȴ췭ظı仯׼ȷ˵ʵڵʵõֶֶһ
ͷ¸ļҲûֶΣȴײش˳
һٸǰһ𵤾ֻ׸ķݶˡ
ŶˣˣƷһƾ˾ƷҲûа취ǰɣҹһЦ
㡭Сָҹίƫƫ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ҹԷСˣһ׽Էָˣ㿪Цģζüʱһе鷳İɣҼˣպ϶ỹġ
Сָ׽ٿһ죬ոյŭͲ֪ɵȥţ˭Ҫ㻹ˡ
ιҪ̫ˣ̶غ
ҹתͷȫ֪ѾͷٿϣҲżֲõɫȻʲô˿ȴңƺҹӴ
СƲƲ죬ĸҹ֮䣬϶ʲôһĹϵ㲻Ȼҹֻһͨˣϲȥͨһ£̾úԴҴææظˡ
뵽ĪЩģһ̶Ļм̶ִ
ǰһ§סҹֱۣҸҼ๫֮˵Щʲôõô
ɷ򣿡̶ȵ
ҲȻһֱĬĺҲתͷ
ǵȻɶ˵
ҹоЩͷæѸ첲ӶԷĻҪ֣ŵˡ
ӾɶҲˣЩڳԵ˵ʲô㡭ţ
ͱ̶˵ɫָɶĿⶼż
ǿҹ˵ָȻǺģ֮⣬еڶŮˡ
ǺǣʣҵȻˣɱ˵ԼǲȢġ
㡭ɶָźģȻһ
ɫ΢죬Ŀȴƽ֪ҹ׿˵仰ʱ򣬻ʲôӡ
ʲôЦȻǣ˭֪ҹ˵һôҶ𾪵Ĵ𰸣ѵ㲻ϵǺģһǵĵһŮȻҸһȻû쵽ŵĳ̶ȡ
ĸо˲ʲôˣſյĻҲã
˭ɶҪʣûпڵʱ򣬺ЩɳƵѾ
ҹҲһȻڸ鲻̫УʱҲظоĶԼǶġ
֮ǰڻԭξ﷢һУЩҪܶԷĿ⣬վûξվξ֮ĸ飬һξġ
⣬ҹһޱƽ͵˵֮ǰǲļʹȺիطûĻӦļ֮С
ѵȺĻƯСɻ
ԼҲòŮӣһǲĵĻǾСǵ֮ĵһŮǼˣںĵǰСɻǲòȲ϶Է
ȽϵʱԾؾͰѺĵı׼
ҹȻЦЦҲ˼е֮ɫǡ
߰ɣĶȻתȥ̻кܶ飡
һ£ҹȴЩҪЩ˵źá


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˵ʲô˵Ǹò˫ǵӣƽЩ
ģ֮ǰʹңΪʲôһڻԭ֣ҹĿŶȥƴɱһ·ŵԻĵطʵҲڻԭ棬һǲ֪ģСϺܶ硭
򵥵ؽһԼʱҹҲף飬ʵû̫˹ע
οǴȺիǸ˵С磬ֱǽҰҰһܶˣǴģҲ㲻ʲô˵õ顣
ֻʱûʲôҲһֱû˵ˣʱðԼݽһ¡
ҹһι֮󣬼ŮԼ֮ǰЩҹŵʱ̣һʱļȣü˶סס˺
ĵˣҲǿҹƴɱʱӣȻҹ˵ЩʱԶûڵΪȴ󵽣ʱļҿ±ԭʱҪӳ
ĪСٻһֽǵĶǶ⣬ܴܵҹŮӵϲ
ԭЩų飬ﾹȻʲôʵ˼ˣĵؽԼ뵽ĽɫţǵʱԼҲһû˿ͨŮӣܲһ޷˵վҹߣܲΣյʱ̷Լе
С޷óøһЩΪξ֮ʱҹҲѡ񣬵Ҳ޷֤Լܷҹеһ㣬簮ԼԼһȥһˡ
ôⱻ˴ߣҹôȺիˣ͸˴磬һʱȻŭ
ǲļضһ磬һߵıСҪࡣ
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ᣬ󣬵ұн䡣ҹ϶
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˼ǣһĻᶼû𣿡СòƲһ㣬Ͱ͵ҹ
СһҵáҹЦ
УҲŲءСɹ죬Сһǲӡ
߰ɣĵϲįг˼ƣƺղ飬ڲ֪̻кܶ飬ǣһᾡȥļʹȺի
ƣ׵ȹҷת˲ͻһӰǰŶȥ
ͱ̶һۣҲ֪˵ʲôãֻᶯΣ׼źһ𷵻ء
һɣҹȴǿ˵̻Ĳ̫ҿ԰ﵽʲô
㡭̶ҪĻõİ취ǰС忪ˡ
⻰ߣȴôҲ˵ˡȻС㣬ҹĹ֮ҲΪҹӦڻûм£תȥϲһòǵŮˡĻҹһʵå
Ӿ͸һɣԥһµС᲻ӰæǾͲ֪ˡ
ȥɣҹνҲǷҪɡ
⻰˵úˣȴһ۲۵ʵͱ̶Ҫȴַûʲô˵ġ
ڿնֻ¾СţιǶˣô찡
㻹ǻȥ취ȥúоһưɣƷһƣֻܳһӶѡҹЦŸԷѵ
СȻĹĵӣȻԶȥıӰҹ˵һȥ취оһˡ
ԭΪлҹԶһǣѾٲôˣҹչߣһƣ޷ͣǸƷλãǾƼңֻܾ뵽취Գ׵ؾһǵһƵơ

ߵò죬˲Ƭ̾Ѿ
ͱ̶һۣĵɫѾʱѿСĵǰȥС㣬Ҳˣ˵ǿʲô԰æĵط
΢΢̾һתͷʱϵı˼֣ӣ̻лˣΣ飬Ķˡ
С㣬ô𣿡һ
Ҳ֪ЩصҡҡͷֻǸ競ѣΪǣȴͬ˵˵ֶκԪ̻⼸Ѹ˵ٵĹͣһض߲ƣһζǣضиĺУʱһֻĲȣĻᱻԷżȥǺ̻ӿɾʧˣʵû𣬱ҲΪ̻ձɽҲõʢˣžĿġ
һǲǺ̻ܲǶں̻˵ȴһǳĵطΪ̻ᷢԴڴˣһʼĸݵһ㡣
һǶסǲ̻ܺ滹η⣬ܶ˶Ϊ̻ʧ˸뵹ҲͲԶˡ
νǽƣֱ󣬸ڱʩ֣ºܿصķֻҲָ⡣
Ǿûбİ취𣿡̶ͷ
õİ취Ҳ򵥵İ취ǾǲҪ䣬ֻҪ̻᲻䣬ܶԷжٵĺУ޷ȥҹʱڵ̻ڴ˵صĸ϶Ԫ̻ᣬǺ鶼̻ǿɣֻҪζٰ֮˽˱ƳһǣǾжٵıҲʩչԺǾֻбˮˡ
Ļδ˵ҡͷȻǺð취һֻϯʦƽѾԷߣǼȻбǳƽ֮⣬ܻбĸʦߣҪڶʱڣһƽʦѾˣҪٽķֻһˮƽʦ̫ܣһܵʤҲֻ֮䣬Ҫ֪ƽˮ׼治һʦܴﵽġ
˵öԣ΢΢ͷ֮ԺܶʱԴ˵ΪԷ˽⣬ʱԼһ㣬Ǻ̻ǰδеΣǴǰ̫ˣֻʩСƣ߾һæҡ
С㣬Ϊʲô֪ͨү飬뵽ʲô취Ԫ̻ȻѾһֻᶯ֣С֣ķֻҲδؾͲܵвү֪Ҳѵ
ĻҡͷĵĵطһʱҾͼﴫϵףһֱڣûϢֻġ


574 ò
İɣҹ̧ͷȥﴫʧЧֻΪһⲼһȻΪ֮ϵĻԭҲйϵ
ŶüͷĻǵ˵زǶһֻ־ڱصˡ
ǿδأҹЦκʱ򶼲СҰҲû֮󡣡
ĪĻһǸ֣ǰһ
ֻԹ˲֪ҹһЦڻԶûе˵Σյز̫ġ
ϣ˰ɡĿҹӣĪ˲١

Ĵҹ̻ʦڵרԺʱҳһš
ϸƺв˶⣬뿪̻ᣬı·ȥ
Щʱ򣬸ǰԾ˵Щʦţλ磬ǵĸ̻ᣬһϯ֮أȻûʧ̻ʱᵹ£ҲʱΪƷһ
仰˵Ǻ̻ĵˣЩʦҲ̫ܵӰ죬ĸ̻˺̻ᣬҲЩʦ
һ̻棬ɵʦʦкܴĹϵ¼ʦʦȻ˵Ǹëһϧ˵̫ˡ
ԴʦᷢҲ֮ģֻǵλʹѡ
ͼҪ뿪̻᣿Ҫ֪̻ЩǿɲһɽӵͷָһΪ׵ʦԵʮַŭӣں̻᲻һССΣ̴˾ߣô־һʹˣһ鶼ûС
ҪΪһˣͿԺ˵˵Ǹݵһͼʦ˿ãϻֲֳм⼸̻ǲҲ̻˲ٵĵҩʦǳȻ⣬̻֮䣬ǲϵѣں̻ҪǴѣΪʦȫûбҪһֻ̻ǸǺѣɲǵӡ
ͼ˵ֻǺѣһ⻰ߣڵĳϣԷһ·׷ɱģһֻᣬԷȻϢΪһˣ̻ǧĻҵɺ᳤û㣬ԳֻζԹֻΪ˾һңѽһǧ궫ҹ鶼˳ȥھȻ˼˵ֻǺѣ㾹Ȼ˼˵ԼΪ̻Ѿ㹻ֳǸֵƾĶۣˮƽһӵĵҩֵܵһǧ궫ҹ𣿡
ҡͼݵҲ𼸷ֺɫֻƬ̧ͷҼȻͶں̻ᣬȻҪң˵˵Ƕҹ飬ֻͨ˵ǰ󣿡
ˣָڷ֪˵޳ܵĻ˻ҾƴҲû᳤óǿҹ飬֪һŶҹ飬ǴСʮ
ͼһ£ЩʵʲôСʮ
˰ˣƺʶԼ˵̫ˣػ֣ȻִҪߣǱ߰ɣֻǺ쵱һʱͿۻ軨һͷǶѣͼҿһͿͿǺ죬ɣʦܹȥʲôԣֻǸʦѡ
ǲ֪νͼһ˦ӾҪ뿪ȴȻĵ˽ʱɫҲЩΡ
ʦ﷢ʲô飿Ŀɨȥһϣʦ׷׶ͷȥ֮ӣЩҪߵô
ݺ˺ͼһۣ΢΢ͷظС㣬˵Ԫ̻һֻԼսƽѾܴ꣬Ϣ˵ǡ˵ǻ᳤ʧ٣̻ΣڵϦԪ̻ų뿪̻ģԪ̻ԸԸ߳ɵգǵȺ̻ս֮û뿪ʦǲٽգʩѹЩ޴ţǡ
İ̾һ̻࣬һֱΪǿڳ飬ǻ֪̻ڲѾɢ˳̶ȣֻһССϢǲǿѨ綼֪ѾҪ̻һ
ʦʦ˵öʵʵ
ǣС㣬Ȼܹ̻ĶݣȴԼģ˴ķգǶϲỹڸ֮£кãͼʱֻЩ뿪Ҳ֮ǰǰǿӲˣС£ҵ뿪ǡ
߰ɡδ˵꣬Ѿֱ̬
С㡭ͼû뵽ľȻʹ죬Էζһ
˵û𣿡ĿƽȥڿʼǲǺ̻ˣǿˡ
лСȫͼæ񣬡гһգ̻ᡭ
ض˵ˡֻЩػ֣˶ԷĻ
¸ˡͼƳһۣתȥƺºķһ
ȵȡ
ͼǰȴסһߴӰһۣͦһ㣬Ȼҹˡ
˭ͼȻüתͷźȥСôͷ𣿡
ҪڣҪ˵仰ѡҹЦģһǻߣһ߳ȥ⻰ȴò˵
ʲôݣʲôʸ˵ͼ԰Ҳأ
߲ȥԣҹЦøˣϲˣҶ꿴ľ飬һ۾ܿˣУܸУ㻹ǹԹ˵仰˵㻹ġ
ͼŭӿǸ߹ʦȻвòֻҪ߳̾˽ɱڵɲǵǸ׷ɱȴһֶζûеĺͼˡ
ǣҪĻߵóȥ
ҹӣͼȻԷΪټһ仰ҹ˵úܶԣڴܷ棬ĲУһڳȥ֮ǰѾˣʦҲԼ
С㣬в𣿡ͼҹ棬ֻЩŭģôԺ̻ᾡľȻһ³𣿡
ҵġѣҲҹҪ˵ʲôȻڣԼ;ܷӣο֪ҹ˿̵ľٶ϶Ϊģ֮ǰЩ˵飬ԵõЩůοȻҪ˵仰Ǳ˵仰ߣʦ˼ߣٵ󼸾仰Ĺ򣬶ѾȲ𣿡
ͼΪҹǸ޹ؽҪСû뵽άԷֻ뿴Էʲô˵ġ


575 ҾǷ
бۿҹһ£ͼʲô˵ɣҪȰٻغ̻ĻǾͲҪˣǺ̻ٸ߳ʮҲȥġ
ˣҹЦ˵ǸʮļǮʵϣΪڵǶ٣䲻ϣڿ˵ԼǸ߹ʦһĹûУ߹֣ʵմκ¹ϵ
ֻңڵġͼ߳ŭˡ
ҹüëĿȴźͼȥˣ˵ĻʵǶЩ˵ģͼˣ๤ҲὨСһ߳ȥˣں̻ȥǣڻһᣬѡС㲻⵱ûз
Ǻǣ˵ף¶ѡͼЦΡ
˲ŶԣҹָͲҪ㵽Էı棬˵棬㣬㲻Ҫ顣
㡭ͼ۾ҪðȴʲôʵʵĶ
ҹǿԷҪ˵ŭ𣬽˵ȻҲȻѡ뿪ҲǣĸǣǵǣҪΪʦңԾͰ̻ᵱɿջһߵʱߣʱ򻹻ΪỶӭǣΪٻ̻ỹǸж£ҿ̻Щǵ̫ùѾԼʲôˣ߳ȥǵѡһ̤޷ڣ˭߳ţպͱٻͷ
ͼƺû뵽ҹ˵ôһĴ˼뷨Ǻ̻ͦһ٣ʱٻ̻ỹǰһӭǡ
˼˵ƣʱв˶ɫ죬ȻҲЩ˼
ǺСѣЩҲܾİɣͼ˶ΪѵУ̲˵
ֻǴԶѣΪЩǴСڶϣ˵ڣЩ飬ǰѳ˵ǰõģҹתͷȥģЩ˼𣿡
һڸղţҲҹľٶһҪֹԷ˵ĳ嶯ҪЩˣˣ̻ĴԶΪǳ
ϾҲǸ˼ͨ͸ˣת֮Ѿͨô˵ˣǺ̻Ķɹѹأһأһ龰ЩȻͬѡ񣬺̻ǿ˲һ˭ܱ֤һֱţ
Щ˵Ļع飬ú̻ٶȻָԪһΣٵʱҲ̻ͬٶ˥ȥ
˵Ļҵ˼ҹͷлԷͬʱҲоһůȻתˣϵ˵ν飬̻Ҫģͬ󣬸ӦͬѵˣȻѡǾӦ׼ΪԼѡ񸶳
ʦ̻֮䣬һֺĹϵҲӦһپ٣һ𣬡ҹĳϣҲ˵ôõ飬ֻҪ棬ȴԸеգС˵ģôѡ񣬶ҪøӦ۵׼ڣǿѡˡ
˸ƣͲں˭˭
һȻĮɱȭͷš
λЩˣôԶ飬˭õΪǰ飬ܰȻ߹ȥ𣿡ͼͻȻزǻ춼ͦȥλ棿ѵҪҸƧ˴˲
Щԥˣ⻰ϵ֮ɫŨңȻһʱҲ֪ôѡá
ҾͲˡͼһתȥ
мʦЩźĸһҲҴȥ
ԼĪʮˣվԭأߵ˶֮Щ˵ɫҲӼᶨվԭء
Ǽˣʵ
ʮ˶΢΢һȻһǰǰĿ⣬Щ̻ϱ˿ҪҵЧʱ򣬾Ȼ⣬ӳԵѣЩɴС¡
ʦˣλѾмҾ͵ǴδɡοһЦ
лС㣡ʮһź
˵ǰֻǸ̻ӣȴǷĵԷһ
С㣬ȻʦƽڣεɲýǵҪȫĶԲ߲źáҲܸûԭôķչȥҲ֪¶Զûнء
δʦڣټԪ̻ʦζӮĻʵ̫ССԺԣʦɫҲһܾһֻ϶ŶʤͷٳûԪֻţһʳǵ⣬ǺܻܿΪ棬ĿľΪ̣ҿ취ôȥսʤƽ취öԷڿǵá
ʦ˵ҲԣƵƵͷб϶벻һ㣬ڵһǹ쳣ŷ޷ʹãػĴͷҲ˰ƻˣҪһʱûа취ˡ
˵Ŷ˺ģźʮ˫۾Ҳ䵽˺ĵϣʱѹ޴
Щѡ˸̻ṲѣǴʱһ취ûУֻôҵŸ̻ͬĻɻһĴЩڻ߲ߣ¶ں̻ᣬѾٱʲôϣˡ
ûʲôõİ취ʱҲҪģЩ˸оģ̻ỹûеֻˣЩ˲ŻоԼѡȷġ
˵һУǽƽʤĻϣʤˣкУҲͲΪˣıƽ¶һ˿Ц⣬ԵøĪ⣬ЩʦʣѾתҹӣ˵Ķ𣿡
һӰĿⶼתҹϣҲ⣬ֻʦǾȺɻһ߲²ҹһΪʲôСΣĵȴǴڴ߷֣ǱǸˡ
ʵ벻ҪȻҲó飬ǶǴǰں̻ỹµһ̻ʱΣ˵ڣûľȫǸ㡣
ͱ̶ΪεˣǺȻ˿˶ʲô⣬ܸģֻҹЩصġˡˡ
һ仰ʱһˣǼһ𣿡ҹûֱӸ𰸣˸ɵ⡣
֪ȻδƼһ𣬵˵ԽԽãˮ׼ʮˣҲһƲƷ׸ߵĵҩ͵
ȻԾûˣгʤķҹЦ
Ҷȡ
ҹǰһҾǷ


576 㸺Ƴɵ
ҪǱȽϤҹ޳ܣ̶ŲסС죬ҲԼһСģƻҹڴе
תͷ˿˵ıʱʱͷΪЩʦǵ۾һǿɵһҹҲȥˡ
ӣ˼ǡҲЩ죬ҹ֮ǰ˵ĻЩӡ˼ת֮䣬ԼѾ˼ףҪ
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Լʱˣͬʱӷ֮˹ڿ˶Էϵϲ֮󣬱˴˶΢΢ͷ֪֮ǵĵ֮·һµŴԺӭǵıȻһµء
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ܽѾɵԪ˽Ʒʣһط򣿡˵˼˫̥һͬ⡣
˭ҲûʳȻû˵Ǿ˵˵ǲ˵ǾͲʡ
˵Ȼҹ׿ô˵ˣʵѾԣǾȷһԼ϶붼ûôġ
ʦո˵⣬𣿡ĿҲǲòˣֻص
ֻԪĻеʦʤΣȻǰٶȻһЩӦò󣬡˼һµ˵еԪǰ˽Ʒʣļ̻ԸأǱ̻ܲҲ϶ûôݻԪġ
˵˶ԵĽ
˵֣ҿҪһרŵʦάǿȣǼ˷ѣҵʵĻԴһֱȶȼգǱʡάˣǿһ֣ҹʵ
ֶЦһ£֪ʦԪȻǽ𵤾ҪԪά棬ͬʱټʶҩҲǲѶΪ֮
˵ĿɲԼά棬ҵһֽݾҹ٩٩̸ǼΪԨӣʵⶫʱ֮ǰŸո˽⵽ģʦ˵֣һΪԾ֮ϣ֮𣬵ڶΪػԾ֮£ɽ֮𣬵Ϊ֮䣬һЩԵ仯ɺ϶ı֮𣬴ȡһЩӵлıޣֲǴҳõͨ棬ߣԼԪ߷ʹӾңԴﵽҪ󣬴ӻƷ˵ѣػ֮ٴΣƽõĻʲôλãҾͲö˵ˣҵһֺʵĻ棬ڵҩƷҲмҶʦ˵Ҳʡȴ˲ά
һı̶˶û̫ķӦ̾۴ŹǶᵽ˷㡣
׵ػֶȻǲҲΪûԵٿصסȻ˵ѵ֪޿ȡĻǿ粻˳٣һ֪ȥЩˡЩɴ
ҹȴЩʧҡҡͷʱ仹ô֪ޣ˵еģһͷ޵ĻǱطʹˣҲֻܸıһ˵Ļ棬̻ʦ˵û̫õģο֮ǰҲ˵ֲ̫óٿأҪѶҲǲСģܲһӵʦרŸɣҪõ֮ǰҲҪķԪǲǵ˲ʵĽҲʶ°빦
ͷǲЩʧҹ֪֮ȴǿġ
Ȼ˵Ҳѵа취֮𣿡ͻȻðһ󵨵ͷѿڶʱԼһ
һ֪ҹ壬Ҳʲôܵ飬ҹҪô
Ǻǣ˰ɣҪ·ǧΪãһ̫̫ҡˣ̫ڰԵˣδؾܲٿصˣҹЦ𲻿ɵã׵ãػȴǿԵġ
ػ𣿡ͬе
ҪػʵҲ򵥣ֻҪڻɽѰһڣ׾ܵõػ𣬵ֵطʵ̫գһСģܾܿͻɽһ𣬵ʱеһжûˣʵ̫Σգ񶨣Ȼ벵ҹӣܽʦΣյľأЩɶǺ̻ı˵һǸҲûʲôɽã̫Զˣֲڱҿ鲻̫׵
ҲǵͷȻҲҪҹֵػҩʲôЧȻȴҲڲҪɽڣǿʱҪĵط
һǸȷûлɽǵȴһҽһҽĵĽܾܿ緢һǶһҹε֣µ˵ţɫҲ֪ڿЦ䵽ʱ취룬Ҿý֮һҽܼʱҽĶͨҽ緢õİ취ˡ
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Уҷֵλãǡǡں̻ĵϡҹȥһ¥ľ˵һ顣
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ͱ̶̲סЦˣ⼸ʱҹǵĸоǸĪ⣬ǾѾͷ˵ڻԭС̰Ƶӣ׽Ϥĸо
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С㣬еػĻǻǳñȽϺʰƼҸ̻֮䣬Ȼ̸ѣҲల¶꣬Ԫ̻סɻһھӣܰǵæΪǵĵҩǰԤҽΣаһ粻˳ٰȴЩĺҪ£æȰ
֪ˣ飬ҪӶģϾҽλֻһ֪ҲС˼ɫ˵ҪδŸȫ»Ҫ´ʦЩӡҹػţһǣҲǻɽյأȻǲ̫ȫ
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581 ҽеĹ
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ʱЩΪҹʱȰסЩˣҲ뿪Աеһ
ǸǺãķˡ
ЩʦҲˣֻҪͦһ֮ٴӱķֻҲԣǳ´ʦó÷ûͲܽҽȹ̷ӡǳɹ˳ҲҪʱܱΣգڻɽҲȫȥ
ֻȵһʱˣջΪһʱʤڶʦڻϣʱһͨƵҩһЩҲν̾취ٵһʦӦҲò̫ʱ䡣
޷⴫𣿡ҹѵԪ̻ǲڿЩߣи˵ʲôôأ
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ǿֻܵȥԪ̻᳹ʧ֮˵ˣѸٵصԼ״̬ǵ˵һ˼ӽ޸ͷٲ̽Ԫ̻᲼һķƳԾ󻼣ʱڣֻάԭ״ˡ
޸ҪķҲҪңǲ̫棬ҹһЦֻ״̬ЩˣŻΪһжǵ֮Уĵˣ͸ˡ
һۣ˶ԽӾܸҹվһսϣʵ̫ˡ
ǲվȥˣҪǸҹʱͻȻһնĸоǳ
㲻ǿϧľƷһôĹ˶Էһۣһ˲ǧģʱ䶼ҪֹܸͣˣôȥǲҪ׬öʯ
⻰ѾڴȤҹˣҲǺЦţ̻СݣȻʯǿҹֶͨҪʯǲûУ⻰ֻЦѡ
û뵽ҹȴĺػشˣʯȻҲܵҿɻָžƷһܸҶ׬һЩ˵ʵȱʯȱ͸ոոŪЩ𵤾һķʯˡ

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ﻹЩʯƽʱҲòϣĻȥá
ҲУҲǼ֮ЦɡҲæ
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˸Ӿˣ˼ʮʯ⻹죬ǵжԼˣҲûô찡춼ô
ڷӡҽֹ緢飬Ⱦһˣҹֲİɣּ򵥵ķһǿŪ˵ģܱ֤ڴҶǰȫģ֮ʦһ¡
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С㣬ҹ뿪ķʮ˵ǴСܽҺ̻ᣬʮ̻꣬ᶨȻ󲢼
»ֹҲڷԼҴС㣬֮ϵʱֻħķǿߣòǼӣҪǣŲʮꡣ
ˣȴǷ˼ֿɬһֻǺ̻ᲢεһƬңҲһǣҵǿ顣
ȻҺ̻㲻϶⣬Ҳ޴½һδۣѵ»дСҲȲϵŮ𣿡
ҲûмǸŮӣ룬ˣΪϧվȻһž绪ŮӣͻȻչһЦҲֵģҺ಻κŮӡ
ֻҪСģǱȻֵעӲ̻ħצġЦԺĵĵʮ㡣
⣺ʦĪҪȡЦˣ֮ӦȴǰΣŶԡ
ΣЦڣЩΣôһЦƵģҲգǾֻӹ̫ƽϷɣѾעǲǰ²¿ܵʱһɡ
˶ǹЦһΣŸոտʼں̻ȴƺѾʼµĻԻһ㡣

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һСḶ́ҪѷԲǧ׵ĵطھʮɣܽӽҽγɵڡ
ں̻ҲǸ֣һʱ䣬Ѿɣˣһߴķݣһ޴ҡ
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⹬ϵҹҲ֪˶꣬ǿ⹬֮ϣӦǿķ󣬶ڣǷѾʧȥЧҽŻῪʼ͸
ҹףһĻķӡĿ϶һҽ˭ҲĵѵصҽһӡǴǳԱ˳ŵġ
ǺܾúܾǰǿƣֶҰݣҲеõ۵
Ȼۣ϶Ƿʲô⣬ҲǹӡһЩĶʱţķʧЧˣĶҲ˱죬γ˵صҽ
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ȻܺһУȴȥðԼеķգȥԼĺġ
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ҹһͳķʽ÷û뵽ȴǰ÷ҪһЩƵģΪҹԪޣʯԶûԷɡ
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֮ǰҹ˵һ㣬ڿҹڷϵ裬Բ˵ĳ̶ȣҲǴʦİ
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ȻǼ˶֪Լ壬ø˶֪˼һ֮׵編֮ϣٲһ֮ڵ
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ҲǲѰģҪԼһܰĻ֪ҹ˼ʱ򣬻ҽš
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ǡǺðɡҹûзŭѾˣɲ˵ʲôʱ֮Ļæس˻ȥ
ҹҿˣ΢ָ̧͸һڹ⣬׶ʹõĺڰԪ
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ȥɣҹЦţͻȻֵˣǸʲôģĶҸոصˡ
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ģüҹοŶԷˣ̨Ķ


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һߵĵطѡҪһǶ֪Ԫ̻Ҫһǣҽʢĺ̻ܣϳһȥ
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ҹԼһ治֪Ҫôźˡ
˲Ѫ˻ǵһָķ򣺡˭˭ܣǻδ֪֮أƽһս֮һǵһʦĳƺžͲˣúһ̵ĸоɣȻⱲӶٲˡ
ƽԹƽ󵹸꣬ʱҲᷢҡҪͷҡ˻ȥⱲҲڵҫˣԶڴΣյƽʵ̫ɶˡ
⵹̫ƫҪƽ꣬ҹ뵽Ҫ֣»ֻǺ̻ĶʦҲõҹ⴫Уʵ˵ӦøлƽŶԡ
˾ô֣¶ʱͨ벻Ǳ˴ģһеĻ£Ƿûģ׼ڱ˵ϡƽĻҪӳӺü֡
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ʱҲͼ£ҹֻ˵仰ѾףҹǾԲܱ£ߵģжܸԶԷ˵û̫
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յĽҹֻܳΪˡ
һ㣬ƽ֣ҹһϣǲʤƽģοԼҲֻƽһơ
ᣬֻʦջѣֲ£һһǱȽϲ𡣡ҹЦţѾƮƮ˷̨ϣվߡ
ѵû˵о仰Էٵ˵𣿡˵
ǾҪ˭ˣˣˮʯͷҲģ˱˵ĵ̶ϣ˸ıȱȽǣҹָؿƺǸҪĿһҪͲͬˣ㣬ˮ㣬ʯͷҲ㣬ҵ̶ˣһͶˡ
ӵİǸһЦ
Ǹã´ǿԺҹ
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ԣҸ㸺ҹ˵
ʼɣһ֪ٶ˵ʲôҲûôˣ˭˭һͻ
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ģһȫԸһܵõҹϿɣ˵һѾӮˡ
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ⱾǺ飬ҹ˵ʱȴ²Էάô򵥡
ǿʶһάջ𹤣ǲ̫ڴС
ԷǴһ⣬ǻ˷Ԫ̻һ·ԷҲȫϣƽϵġ
ҹ˵⣬ǻʮа˾žǻԭ뿪һҲû뵽Ȼ͵ˣĶŹǧѷĺûᡣ
ڱϮɱˣɲԷ̫£һǶԷʲôıƣҲҪһǼһúһŪҲó˻ԭһǱĶ
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ζϵѾͬʱʼԼ
ƽһǵһʦɨһҩ֮󣬻֮㽫ҩһ׽ҩ棬ʶǿԿࡣ
ֻƬ̹ǼҩݾѾϣٴλ֣Ǽҩ룬û˿ĳͣżĽУ̨¹ۿҲ
ЩˣǿеѶȣ̾ţƽһʦʵ飬Ԫ̻ܰڹȥʵ˺̻һ
ٿʱĶҪѭ浸࣬ÿһҩĶǰض˳ʼһ꣬̾Ϳʼڶ꣬ѭ
ȻٶҲ׸ƽ˲ֲ࣬ܶʱѾƽһû̫ģһأѾ˲࣬ȥֻԽԽ
ֹУ֮䣬⶷ҲһʱѾˣ׷ûʮֵŬǲ̫ܵġ
ҹֻĬĬؿŻ棬ȥȥʵȴѾй۲״̬ԷûΪһʱʧ˷ִ磬ǰԼĽ࣬һһѸȴؽţҹҲ˵ͷ
ʱҪ׷϶ԷҲѧŶԷַһνҩǺܿԼţڣһȴ򣬲ƽһʱ̵ĵʧԼ˼·ߣпܽԼѵˮƽ
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ƽﰵԾţеطַǰַͬȻ͸ĵ׸˼ֳɡ
Ҳ֪ʱȥɵʱæȫȫؼ
һȫƽеӡǴһ費ϣ·һ̾
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һʵĶʤҲЩʤ֮䰡·ѾʤȯհЦ
ȷĴʱȴûаģҲãʡЩΪһҺ̻᲻ҪʦͿһΪΪˡ


584 װ
ŶСʮ㣬ǶһΣµ
ʲôĵ
Ԫ̻δʦӮˣǺС¼޸ΪΣĿ͸żϷʣܵõµһΪޣ޴½˵룬Ҳ֪֮СԸ𣿡
أĲûԷĵϷ֮⣬ʵ
ˣһЦˣԸ׸ңƽɣ
ޡ
治Ҫ
ô׸أ
ǾǣҲ׸ֻҪҸСůС
һ߶ȥҿŴ
꣬ˣС㲻ĸֶİɣ
벻һıƵ٣ȻҲϲĵЦĵıʮ䵭κεζҪĵĻǿԻĶע
бȺСĶע𣿡ЦţƺѶԷŭ㲻ݡ
ʧˣĸû仰ֱӿĶעԪ̻ӮˣҺ̻޴½ʧ֮Ǻ̻ӮˣԪ̻Ҳһ˹أپע𣿡
Ƥ˺üϵɫһαܿĲڿЦҪġ
һԼƽĿȴżֻɣעȷ󣬵СȻ̻ĴС㣬ȴҲûʸȫȨɣǺǣͷֻһ޷Ҳͽ˹ȥȴʲôҲӮǺơ
Ȼ㲻ңǾ˵㵽ʱ޷ҲȻһԶŵѵҺĵ㲻ֵǮ𣿡İ벽ˣ¶һмЦݣǺðɣ˵һܽܵĶעԪ̻Ӯˣ̻һʧӴ˲̤벽Ǻ̻Ӯˣ鷳ٴˣжԶ߶Զ֮꣬಻Ԫ̻̤һǰ벽Σ
ողƤԭΪĲƶѣڿԷƺ̵̣ʲôǸҹСӣ
ĿҹȥʼգҹΪҲ翪ʼ֮ǰ˵ģֻһջ𹤣֮ʲôҲûĵĵ
ôһССŮӣһֻᣬѵ٣Ȼû𣿡ĵЦţԽĪһֻҺ̻ǷͬСɣԪ̻˵ֻǶһССľݵѣⶼպԪ̻ˣӦ˰ɣ
ߡҪŭԷûгɹڷԼŭˣֻҪһսӮˣһԺԪ̻ĵ̣Ϊ̻һֻᣬԼ￪ȥ𣿶ֺĶעȤ
û壬Ҷ֪ҲԷǵĮıƺôνȻٶעȤǻʵʵſⳡ˵ɡ
ٻؾ䣬뵽Է˳ӣЩĵ̨ȥ
ƽ˿ѾҪĵزҩѾԼƮɢƢҩ̨֮˶űӵᣬϢҲռ˴Ƶġ
ٿǱߵȻҲֻһ͵ĳ̶ȣ˿˲ǲҩҺʼĲ࣬׷һЩ
û뵽Ҳ츳ʦֻŪƽЩʧˡ龰ﰵֹš
кУĿ̨⳯ǸһۣԷиӦͷһۣת˹ȥ
ߣֶΣҿ⶷ʱ㻹ܶùȥʶ㣿䰵Цš
һ߿ҩĻ棬һֻͻȻĵ̽һ
һֻֻ֥ôСķɳ棬һ֮Ϣȥ
ޱ飬֪кϷ¶Ц
üͷһֱڹ۲ķӦ֪п϶ʲôıȻҹ̨ϣĶǿ϶ӮˣУͲ˵ˡ
Сɳ澶ȥۿҪ䵽ϣֻջҹͻȻһ˸޴硣
һ漴۾ȻΪոշɳȥֻСɳ棬ȻҹһͷȥҲûз
ĲûзκʵСɳʮ΢С˭Ҳȥע⵽ǿˣҲΪʲô
ܷ֣Ϊ֪˵ֶΣ۲֮£Ȼ˿Ķͬ
ںҲΪֵЦݲˣȻ֪ʲôҲܲµ϶Ǹոҹһֵ磬ıƲˡ
һЦĿҹϣʵ̫˼ˣԽǸӽͻԽϲദĸоϣʱ̶ܸоԶڣȴִȱůİȫУΪµһ̻ĴС㣬оΣյĶٺ٣ҲȻְȫʮ
硭
簢硭
İʱҹʱʱؾʹ磬÷̨¹սˣΪ̻λջǸðˡ
ûпǣλΰջ𹤵磬ս̨ɫѾԽԽڡ
˵ֻһΣֻ˵ɺϣǽζɵҲ֪ҹǰֶΣǲ̫ܵˡ
ٴʹ˸ɫԷҲ˼Ǳʩչɳ棬ٷɵĻϾɨһСˡ

ƽҩĻ涸Ȼ˺ܶ࣬һĽɶţҩĻ涼衣
ҩ龰սȻǴ˿̻ʱʱͻðҩ֮⣬Ǵ⵽˼Ļ棬ҲĿƵ˸ƽջĻϡ
˲򵥰ƺʶٿػ棬δʦ
δʦҲ֪ԲûκξȣϵʮĬӺ̻Σˡ
δأԪ̻ջĳˣɺ̻ջ˻ûгأ
ѵǸջҲǸ֣
ǰ˵˵
ô֪
Ҳµġ

ȻǼһ汻Ҹ߹ˣ˵ĿҲۼҹϣͻȻǸ˸Ӿ˵ľٶĻһǾʾף
ɵ˰죬Բҹ֣ҷ׷ҡͷ̾ҹʧ
ޣǾǸͨջġ
ǣûǶװʲôˣ
ҷ׷ָȫûջΪʲôװˡ
ಡ
һŵҩҩƽĿ񣬷ִһӡȥ֮ǰĻҪӾ
һֱΪ˵ĻˣҲͻȻ֣֮ȴҩӡһǷ䡣
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ҩʱƣһ׵С߰ҩĴ߷澹Ȼشҩڳϸߣٴ˵ҩ·


585 ˣ
׵֮Ļ棬ٴνϵشݹȥҩɫϵر仯ţ΢֮ɫ֬ףڱ仯ֶһصΡ
찡ǰ˽׵ҩ𣿡
òƲֻǰ˽ףΣôԶҶˣϹǰ˽۷壡
˽۷壬ҵ죬ҾȻ˽۷ĽԪˣֵҩǲǳȥٷְٶ̤𵤾ˣ
Ȼǰٷְ٣Ҳܴﵽ˳ϡ
ҲĽҪʱ̣ƽȻƳ˰˽۷ĵҩʱҲͷ
ҹ֣ҲǸƽֵ״̬ƳŽɵ붼ġɽֻƽֵĻʵǲġ
ֶֻԷﾹȻһˣʮֻƽʵƳ˽׵ĵҩѾʹȻܴﵽ˽۷塣
˵ʲôˣȥƽϲƽǿɸˣһġ
ֵҩ˼Ʈʱҹԣջ𡣡
һӾѹ漴ҵŵĵҩҲˣֱһ־ͶڵŪ
ҹǳһҩȥ
֡ջķˣ
̫̼ˣ
ջˣͰ
һžŽɵǿ
¹ڶѾˣ֮ǰǻջ˳ֵʱѾôǰһû뵽̻ջˣȻڸӾյʱ̲ѡȻ֣ԽֵľԽǸֿɴˡ
ҹȴû·ĻʵܲܳԽ˽׵ҩҲûаա
ģֻԼΪº͵׵֮ϴ߷ŵҩս۳ɵ
֮ǰں̻һΣڶҺͷǺ嫵ļֻҪЩ俴ˣ;úԼҲƵġ
֮ǰ˳ֵʱҩĻ涼ȥƾˣҹڳ֣𾪵ʱ򣬶ϣܸʤһ˭뵽ҹһȥ֮⣬ȻûбķӦһʱֶ֮ʧ
ⶼ˵ĿһЩΪߵģЩһЩ˽ģȴԸо˲𣬶ڳΪջ𹤵˷ֱܵҪ
Ӧ֮£ǿŻûгεĽԪɢǰδеĻⱲӶûмǿġ
ҩû˿ҩ֮ɢ˿ŵҩ֮ǰƽƵǿŸһȴ֪߽׵ĵҩǲҩɢ綼ǵģֻҩٵػӷǳʱ䲻ãҩҲΪһŷϵ
һŵҩҩȻڷֺйɢҲֻǼΪϢҹؿҩ֮ڡ
ҪɵҩҺҹ˰ӵʱ䣬Ȼûж·ѾȵЩͷˣ
Ҳüͷ΢ȻҹƳ˽۷ĵҩ˭˵һһҹʧ֣ҲǲܵģǿҹٳٶΣĵǾ͸ˡ

һ紵ոջټͷҲ֪ʲôʱɫȻ
ʵգ˿ȴ˷ӿƬƬƣЩֻƬ֮䣬Ѿһ𣬿ڵλą̃Ͽա
ҵ찡ѵ׽𣿡
ҵעڷ̨ϣ֪˭һע⵽յı仯Ȼ֮
һλֺĻǾôе
ͨûпŽ׵ҩҲЩ˵˵ǾŽ׵ҩѾĴڣӦɵҲɲӵеĵҩó˼䣬һ̾ͻ׽١
⵱Ȼֻһ˵ѣǾŽ׵ҩΪ֮ϴǵġ
ķؽˣˣҪ׽𣿡
ҹû˵ʱֻǾԼеȫǿŵҩһҹָоһⵤҩҪԼһ
ƳĵҩǴﲻŽףҲܾôⶫɵ˵ҪҩˣǴҶ֪ǵҩƷʺܸߣҲϣϾտƾ
һ׵֮ѵҩסͬʱҹѾʼץȡʯ
ԪһֱǸȱݣ֮ѾԹӦͨĹˣҪһʹãܣʱǸزˡ
һץʯһֿŵҩҹƿȥ˼ŵζ
ҹûдʲôƴ֮еķȴԽӾң֮Ϊ˲ٵ
Ѿѷ̨նʵʵڸһƲ֮תţ̵Ħ죬˸оʱ
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֮һըףһҹµҩٴκһƬǱ׸һ㡣
ٿһҹջԼ׵֮ѾεĽԪȻշȥҪߡ
ҹæ֣һ֮ǣ߰㽫ԪθסҹһѾ֮ȥ
ҪͷҹȻһʲôϮ
ҹ˲ȥץԪȴ׳ʯʯѾ̻÷һּ䣬̺Ȼ
ҹǰ˲ͱһƬ棬Լߣȴһǽ
ۡ
һеѪ类ѹѹȪƵ˳
ҹ֮㾹ȻˣǴ󵨣ĪΪԪ̻۸𣿡ڵشϵ𣬴š
ĪΪҺ̻۸𣿡ǡǡ෴վ𣬵ϵȴѸٵһԲϣ̴ֵ˼
ѵ㿴ҹˣǺ̻νĶֶȡʤģϷһĨЦ
һζˣҹĵҩûɣѾףǱɡģıκοõԼ
ʱ޷̻ܺᣬҲҪһ̻᲻ãԶֶβŻʤļ
٣ҳܴΪͬʱǰڳ˶ɵ˰ɣȴڳ˶ƽĵҩѾɣ˽۷ƷʴҲˣ֮ʦƳĵҩ˽۷壬ǰ̨ϵ˶ɱˣҲһܣνֶȡʤʲô˼ѵڰƽɱˣľͿʤҿûпǺ̻ˣʲôһֱŬУ˵ʹթǿҪΪԼĻεġ
ѵԪ̻ˣԼͻȻѪ𣿡һҹг֣Ҫɱйߣ
ЦĲŲæոմҶֻԼǰϣΪǷֹҩ׽˵Լ˭ǵ˳ˣǻ滹Ǳǽǵ˻ʮԶ٣ҪˣҲ⣬δ̫Щɣ


586 ƴҪ
˾ҪԪ̻ҲеҪľͷ
ǣ˼Һ̻ջöԶأ˵˼ҵĵҩҪ׽٣׵Ӯˣ˭йʱȥ°ܽ
˵öԣҪ˵㣬ҿҲԪ̻Ǹһﰵȣ˺̻ջ˷ˣ̾˸طԪ̻Ǹɵ棬㲻ɣԼѪˣá
ţֿĺܴԪ̻ǲҪƴҪǰǴҶɵӿˡ
̨µ۷׷ף˵ûһԪ̻ġ
Ȼһͣӵ˶ףڵʱҩҪ׽ٵ£ҹȥԪ̻ˣҲؼʱ̣һҩŪˣǲǺ̻᳹ˡ
ǿŵҩľͷֻҪ⣬һŶɹ׽ٵľŽɵõʤȥ͵Ϯ°ܽ˭ôȱӵġ
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ʱҹżǰֻǾؿŵҩһŨҵ׹
תͷˣŽ׵ҩ׽٣ǱߵһأʵҲȥ׷ֻǸһ͵ϮҵĻѣû뵽ˣλ۵ʦֵܣȻֻ͵ϮһΣӦóԵͷ˰ɣ
ȻʶҹģʦûлҲ׿϶ҹҲǴű˼ֵġû뵽ҹһ۾ͿͬԾСҪ֪ʱûиҹ棬ҹ֮Ѿ뿪ˡ
ʲôˣ˴ɻʵ
ԷֶΣôǼŵĵӣɲĵӣôӵôǿʵ
ѵǡ
¶˼ֿ־֮ɫƺ뵽һֲڡ
˭㲻Ҫ֪㻹ҪԵĻҲͲԶˣҹȻ˵ϴռЩߵˣһǸһѵҾٸһ˵͵ϮңȴĻᣬӦúңվ̨Ƕಫϣϧκò׻Ļᡣ
ֻ֪ɱʦ֣ôģѾΡ˲
ΣǾɱҹûҪ͵˼Ҫ㣬һҪףʲôطҶɱǵҪΪԼһССͨΪ˲ˣɱ˵ǣܻ֮ڣֻǴǰûǵ㹻ǿ˶ѡ
֪ˡ˾Ȼûٷԣǹɵسҹ˵Ļ
վûս˵ʲôǽһʧӰ١
ҹŶԷʧķԶһ£ȥ
֮ƺǿҪɢˣҹҪ֮̽Уǿҩȡ
׽ƺǲİôһŵҩһ㣬׷ŵҩݡ
ҹܲˣ־ץ˹ȥֽ̽棬޾ʱҹҲΧҪҹҩһƵġ
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ҹʵ̫ļˣҩ׽٣˹׽һ㣬ȻûжɹǾֻܵȴǿ
ҩϾģô׻ҲֻõҩƷ׸ߣҹ棬ǾǾһ
ǿߵﷵ龳֮󣬻֮£ҹҲԲ龳ɣ
Ǻĵ֪ܶ࣬ҹ壬˵׵ۿϢĵʱ򣬾ȫʢ׵磬ҹ˵ӦҲⲻ
ڴ˵֮Уû˵ˣǱ׵顣
ҹǿ׵ϾҪˣҪҲմѡ
뷨Ĳˡۿҩյҹʵ۵֮ǰô󣬷ôʯôҲò׵֮
Ҳ֪Լǲ壬ΪڻԪһɣǾ׵ʱΪ죬ʯȲ׵硣
ֺûᣬôܴأ
ţ׵ĻԺǲǿרƵҩ
Ǳʦˣ϶ᱻҩ׽һߵ׽ҪƳŽ׵ҩˣ׽Ҳ̸֮ɫ䣬һСģӵҩϣǾ³˭ҹֹ̥һûԼϣǧټģ
׵סҹҲһ˲䣬ٴθ֣ȫº˵ʱȫ
ţţµһջˣ
ȥ㻹˵ջˣҿջ˲ǣλʦʵء
ҷ׷ţ̨Ҳ˿ⱻǡ
ЦҲÿǵ˭ǣҪǵҹǵĻǰ⵱һңһ˿ɻִܲء
ҹת̯ƣﰲһŽĽԪֻŵҩ治ӵһصΣֱɢ͵ɫ⣬Ȼǿÿ˶
Ž׵ҩһǾŽ׵ĽԪ
֮ǰǿŰ˽۷ĽԪҶѾΪа˳ɵϣܽ𵤾һţٲõˣҲ֪Ҫӣţپųɣųɾţ
仰˵ֻҪǸ˲ǱһŽ׽Ԫ;ܳɾͽ𵤾
С㣬ҩˡҹƽûнҲûϲһжӦõġ
ˡЦ˭˴˿̺СЦݣ²⵽ɫӵŮӣȻ˷ˡ
٣֪žŽ׽Ԫķ𣿡תͷȥεȴˡ
ɫѿҪγˮһ˦˦ˣֻʣ·̨һ޴ƽ
С㡭ƽѿɫ֪λȥȻòýּһֱߣʱΡ
ˣδʦһС㣬ǳֻܲδʦں̻꣬һ仰Ҫδʦǲ뱻֮ݽ棬ھ뿪Ԫ̻ᣬιܴɵʱҲһˡ˵
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˵꣬ǵĽŲ׷ȥ
ü΢壬ƺ뵽ʲô
ôҹǰʵ
δʦƺܵвĲ²Ҳδʦ׵꣬ڿ϶ĳְ취ʹòΪԷЧ
ǱȵģԸģȫԸԸ㣬㻹ʲôɣŵҩҵˣûɣҹѾŽ׽Ԫףһ˶ĵ


587 СС
꣬ǾŽ׽Ԫոһ¾͵һ𵤾һҪһӲסˤô죿
ȻҶ֪˵ҹʵǻһǵؼ켶ˣҲڽӲסΪŽ׽Ԫʵ̫ˣŻֽС΢ĵġ
ӱǰĳ֣ⵤҩƳȻⰲš
λʦöŽ׽Ԫ𣿡̨λڼǰͷ۰Ͱ͵ҹȥ
԰԰Ԫҿ϶߼۹򡣡
ܳߵļۣ
ʮʯ

һͨĽԪҲҪʮʯļ۸⼸һʶ⣬ԿڸŽ׽Ԫڱʮģ̾⵽˴һµı
˼λŽ׵ҩϡ֮ƷǻԵɺϲƳɹʯ򵽵ĶҽǿǱǴģֵҩҲҪǷлԵźǣ˲ҹһܣѰԵˣʧҡҡͷ
ʦʲô˲лԵ˿ʵ
žʯܶ࣬ԶʧȥЩա
ԵֶҲѸλͣҹһЦǸλԿԼҲֻǸѣԼûгŵҩĻԵλӦףԵǿģǿõˣ²õӦΪһ
Ѱ˵һΪΣǴҹ˵һŷζ
Ҵʱŷ֣ҹֻһΪʱȥ
յ˵ֻн𵤾ʦſƳԪҹشޡҹƳŽ׽Ԫʦ˵ԼûлԵõŵҩǵòʲôźģ
ҹ˵ģǿõֻһҪȻλʦΪʲôԼˣԼΪ𵤾أٶΪûпˣΪǿһЩܲȥųİɣ
ȻﻹЩʧ䣬뵽ʦ˶ûлԵԣҲƽ˺ܶ࣬Щ׼ɢȥ
ȻŽ׽Ԫ޷λǽں̻ὫҪƳһ鵤ȲϽԪʤڼ۸񹫵ʺн𵤾֮µʹãط֮ŲСİںʱῪʼʱ̫λעһº̻ϢɡŽҪȥȺҹͻȻֲ˼䡣
ֵҩήҵľȻһ
仰Ҫ˵Ǻ˵ǴҶᵱǺ̻ڽҹոƳ˾Ž׽Ԫ˵ǾһȺͻȻҪѾȼһֻ۾⡣
еȻУΪޣҪһЩҩݣһܲ󣬡ҹǫ͵ЦЦһҪ£Ǻ̻Ҫڻ棬ֻҸǵһκȽޣǴҸоⵤҩĻӦûʱҲԶԣҵһҩʱΪ˸лҶԱ˺ҵĺߺС֧֣ҩһҶ벻ĵͼۣԴҶעһ£Բʧ
Ⱥըˣһ˷ܵúԼҪ𵤾һ
ʦֵҩЧ˵ôûʹùͻȻСĵʵƺԼɱشһ󣬶һЩӵĸо
Чòã˭˭֪ҹüëҸұ֤ⵤҩǰκεҩҪֵ˵ûùҺش𣬷˻ĲĿǰΪֹֻ֪һù
˭ӴҶȤˡ
Ҹո˵ˣֻΪǾʵ˵ҪǿôһˣŴҲɰɣҹЦ
ЩѾ뵽ʲôĿø
ǲµúܶԣΨһùֵҩˣˣҹǿ˶Է˼ֱӳϵΪֻһùҩЧҿԣǲǶÿ˶һֻͨһʹõ˷ӦҿǱ֤ЧﲻٲǴǰõĵҩЩ֮ţ֮ҵЧҲ˵׼
ҡܶ𣿡Ҳ֪˭˸ͷ
һƬǱߺǴ˵Ҫġ
Եҹüͷȵ֪ʲôǻԵ𣿡
ʲôǻԵأҶ㶵صҹ˵
ҹȻûн˵˼ֱźĵ˵ͷԶƮȻȥֻһıӰ
ԵˣľģģҲ򲻵һϴϴ˯ɡӴ˭ҵļ˵⻰˱Ĵɨţȴĸ˳֡
νԵע߷ֿƴţһؼȥϴϴ˯ˡһèȺȴûȥϴϴ˯˸̻ĳҩĿջס
Ҳɵӣһˣѡ˴ڿʼͰйע̻һһֻҪĵҩһһʱ;ܶ
ܴҶΪúΣϢʱڴϾÿ˶Լַôһʮʮ٣һʱ̻һзֵ꣬ĵ̶вڶң̻᲻Ѱ·ܵȥҩ
ӣҪ̵Ļ̻ᶼҪûɳˡű̶ҡͷЦŶҹ̾
ǧټƶŴҹֻ˵˶̶һλ֮ǲһ˸ûͷûβ⣬Ȼһߣһ̻
ǺĴС̻ﳤ󣬼ʶĳҲǲ٣ֺ׷ңңԼ򲻵ö
һЩС벻Щмҵķۡҹǫ
˵ЩȷҲûʲôòڵʱҲ׷ʲôǶ׷ľ׷
֣ȫǶΪ֮СǱȻ̺ŴǻеġҲЦŹά
ĳԹֵҩôã̶ʵ
ҹӣǵûУˣȵҩһȳš
̶ЦãҲһǵҩû˵ôãǿôЩ˽ƣҪʧĻ̻˰
Ǻǣͷİɣ˽׵ԪٲҲȥ˵ⵤҩЧûԤеĺãһͨҩļ۸һŰ˽׵ҩѵǲǴ׬ҹٺһЦοҸұ֤˽ԪЧԳ󡣡
ҶЩɴˣôãҲҪҵΪѾþʱ䶼ûжˡ̶ڴ
˵ţͻȻ˼ϢҴɨһ۵С㣬һԪ̻׼ֻһŪһͼ۵ҩۣƽǵļ۸ͳĳңûҪⱾ١


588 ˭ù˭
üǴҶʲôӦ
Ŀǰܶ˻ڹעǺ̻صҩȥԪ̻ᵤҩĲ࣬˵ֻʱ˶೤ʱ䣬һȥģʱǿ϶ǳ
ҲϿ콵ۣӵͲŸ㲻Ǹ̶
ûõģɲһС̻ᣬȻô㹻ĺԮҡͷ˵֮ǰҲԷǿ϶õģֻǸӷ˶ѣҲŷֻǶԼԪ
ǿԾƳǵµҩ̶ĿȴҹҪλү˵㣬˽Ԫͨ۸񣬲ŴӮԭҲ۸ġ
Ϊأʵ
µҩô죬ǸһоУҹ̾ͷ񶨵ȻҲԲºĵҩһĲͬʱٽͣҩҲԼ˿ӵһʼܶ鷳
ܼٲǾˣ̶
ôûпҹȵԪ̻ԸⱾҩ˼ҷУƷӦöŶԣҾӦüʱϢ֪ͨˣôҶȥЩ۵ĵҩ츣һǵĺ£ɲġ
һͻд˶Ԫ̻ȥǻ֮ߵȴǵĵҩԪ̻ϳһǾ͸ˣЩĵ˵˼թƻ϶ʵʵ˵׼кܶպлóⷽ棬治Ķ֡
ǵҲȷǸ⣬΢΢ͷⷽ棬ǵȷĶ֣չò˼죬һ뾡һмùֶΣڮ̻ᣬһЩĪе̻ĨڣͨǺױԻģֻҪõˮ©ǾǳͣҲѽ͵µĵط
ιǺ̻ĸݵأǶԸǺ̻ڱĵطôԪ̻Ķ֣ҹŮ˵ˣ˻òֶΣѵͲãǵŶ԰ôúǲһ
̶ЩΪûô޳
һͲˣܱҸ޳ܵģҹ
ĵŮ˶Ĭˣʵǲýӣò޳ܲʲôҫɣ
ڲǶʱ򣬡ĻǱȽǵģΪҹһͷֹĴ㣬ҩûа취۵Ļ˵Ҳֻܸƴһ¼۸ˣܳŹȥ⼸죬ȵӵµҩɹ֮Ҳûʲôˣֻ֧żĻǵʧҲ̫ƾһֻĲӦǿάֵġ
ԣҲߵԪһֻʵǱˣҹԷҲȥֻĦ°ͣҪۣǲ
սĶߣ˼䡣
㿴ôҹʵ
һʱȻȫûԷĻո˵ʲô
ҹֻ˵һ顣
ǰһصصͷЦţ˵Ӿ̵Ļ̻ᶼҪûˡ
̶ʲôⰡǶСƫģ
̶Ҫ֣ȥټ֣Ҫһص֣Ϣ˭ҲҪ⴫һ̻ᴦáһ죬侲طԸ
ǣС㣬ȥ졣ͱ̶һۣ̹Ŷȥ

Ԫ̻¿ĵɫʵôҩж٣
٣һˣڹעź̻ҹ˵鵤Ŀǰҩ˻࣬ˣҲޣ̸̻꣬Ԫֻ̻ǳէϴζ˺̻ᣬԴҶǵҩƷǣҲǺġһܼӵ˻ش
ߡһĿԱһ˵ϡ
˴ͷȥʮήҵӣ˿ãӲ̧ͷӵȥ
δʦһǿǱΪһʦô̻ҹʦȻһҲ֪𣿡ʵ
ҹǺ̻ˣ֮ǰûмˣƽ¶ɫһֱʱҲǵһοˣ˵ǴСӻԭĸˣ£ȷʵ֪
֮ǰҲͰˣӴ֮ҪһһΪЧǻʲôĻͱʦˡɭɭ
ǣһ߾ȫٵõһǣƽæֻ֤ǡֻµļˡ
źͶҶר˺úţƵתͷô㻹Ų𣿡
²ң֪ܲҸǼһ棿ƽæ֤ٷģһ飬ұκ˽⣬ֻҪҸžۣһͿأǡ
ô˵ҲӦĻͲԸΪЧˣЦǱζв𣿡
ҡƽһ䣬֪ǰŭǺǲģ²ңԲҡ
ҾͺãջԼѹʵ㿴һЩˣʲôʱŻҩǺҪǿĻֻʲô
һǵרȽȶûй̫ľۣһʱӦ˵ĵͼۣټ֮ǰʧƽ͵ۿķӦԷû֣ŷǻⵤҩƷʣֻ̽ǻȥ֮һԵҩƷУһգ϶д˹ҩġ
ţش⣬ǺأӦöŮ˺˽ɣڣ㻹ĪΪ㻹лٻغ̻᲻ɣ
ƽһû̫ķӦżæͣȻ˼˵ٳ֣һֻ˼죬ͻ᳹ʧˣΪʦȻԸ̻ʧ
Ǿͺã˵˵ĻôɡĮ˵
һѭ浸أȻڴڲ񣬵ǶҲǵһƽԥǿ˵Ӧûڷ֮󣬸Ԫ̻Ĳһ۸ά̻һǵĵλ
ţδʦ㻹ʵĶԷļ򣬡ĪΪô򵥵飬Ҷ벻ֻǿǷĶѣȥŶӰɡ
һȻǳǹܼģ˵ġ
˵һͷһ󼤶ƽˡ
ģΪѾӮǾͿ˭ù˭յЦš


589 Ū
Ԫ̻ᣬһֻῪŵĵڶ졣
ƿʱʱһ澹ȻһΧһˣһ˿ţ̾ҪҩҪٲǵҩ̾Ҫˡ
֮ǰйԸ˵۸Ҳǽ޵ģûʲôּۻֱۣӾǽˡ
֮ǰߣܼӵ¥ۿһУת㱨ȥˡ
ӿһò˼ʱ䣬ߣȫˡ⣬ԤĻҪһЩ
ֻĿǰЩ˷ӣǱĵҩġܼҶһµ
صģǿбǵҩǶסĻǺľ͸֧Ųסˣοǿʱ֧ԮЩˣֻܿԼˡȻʵûзֺ̻Ķ
̻ȷǶ˲ˣһȥѰҷһҲڼӽ޸Ŵͷ󣬵Ľȶǵļ֮УķʲôһжѾˡܼЦ
ţֻϧͻȻ뿪Ҳһ˵ɫǸҹҲ֪ǴģȻǸӲԵ仰Ȱ˻ۣҲ֪˵Щʲôʵǿɶؽ
٣˿صģ޷ǺĵòǺǸŮˣ߰Į˴ٴɫٽŮܻ˵һ͸ҹĻʮָ˵ģܼתתҹȻɶ񣬵ֶεȷˣСС;ƳŽ׵ҩֲ֪ĵϸǲҪΪã£Ϊٵұۣ̻ĵλ϶βƣһҲֵõġ
ţ˵öԣŮȻУҹŸѵãΪãȻǺãһĨɫǲܵĻҲֶֻνˣʵĸ󻼡
٣ˣ̨ĵҩѾ⣬ǻкܶ˶û򵽣Χǵĵ̲ءͻȻǰ㱨
ţȻô𣿡Լоﲻԣ̾ͷԸЩˣʱ򣬻һҩϼܡ
˵⻰Ѿ˵ˣûðЩߵӣô϶ϲߣ˵ʲôҪ򵽵ҩС
˵ˣҲٵȥæֻص˵
٣ôȥĻҪĵҩǳ֮󣬶ҶʱڣǵĴǲءܼü벻ЩһˣһȻôֲҿҪÿ˹ƲС
ûж飬ôҲ޷֮ǰһǣҹСַ֮ųϢ˵һ鵤ӦЩ϶վ̻ǱߣڸǱռƵĻǻʵ䷴ȿ˵پͲţһûУָӣڵӦñǸżŶԡ
˵ţոǸŵֻŻŻˣа٣Щ˵ʲôҲߣ˵ʲô˲ǣƲˣڲ˶ڵﲻء
üĵҩˣ
ֻʣһЩȽĵҩЩ۸Ըߣļ۸ѾۿۣҲ˭ģڶϻĶЩ̫󣬵ƽõģԪͣҲۿ۴Ȿ൤ҩε
ЩһﵹҲ֪ЩҩռˣЦȥЩ˵ּ¼ǵˣȹǵҩǲҪֵģԪ̻ĺڣӴ֮ҲԪ̻һŵҩ
⡭𣿡Щɻ
ȥ԰ɣ˿ţЩ˶Ǳ߻ˣΪأұڸӸǿ
Ҳٶˣֻ⸹̣ڼڣɢ˶û£ǿǶڵЩ˷һҧľǰ
ҲʶȤתͷˣɲһ۵
ٲ˵ʵ䷴𣿡ܼʵô̬ͻȻǿӲˣ
ƽ˵ĲóֶΣǲߵ˶ãЦѾ˳⣬ЩǾͿ϶Ǹ̻йأ鷳ģֻҪǵ٣ٽ鴫ôСȫ֪Ǻ̻϶Ҫץˡ
ٸܼҲЦ̾ȥ졣
ûж˾Ѿ˻٣İ취ǸЩһȹ̾ͺ˳ӵȥǼˣڻ˶Ѿ߹⣬ֻǵĵҩܵλĻЩ˿¾͸ˡ
İɣ֮ǰͻеҩˡϵһ㣬ػˡ
ЩҪҩܼҵ
ҵǸ߿˺ߵˣСϷãʵ̫ˣƺúû˼νϻ۹˵µһŮҲˣһʤһЩҲνȻҹ»һЩ
٣ҪΣܼҵ
ȥƽеʦڽ֮ǰƳһҩҹϹҪѺ̻һȭأٲǻֵĻᡣ˵ͻȻʵƽ˼֮ûʲô쳣ľٶ
ǰ˲٣Ҳˣʲô϶Ϊٰµġܼ˵
ţǾͺãҿļˣڣƽôأȵ̻ᱻҰ֮Ҳûпȥ֮ʱܳΪҵʦЦ

ڶ죬ԪֻǰΧһȺˣӦǱȺ
ʱһʮʮ֮Ѿи˿ʼԪ̻۵ҩ£ˣ⡣
ȻĻƾЩˣΪЩ̫࣬ĵҩעǲģڿǼԤˣÿ˶һѵĸɫҩ
ⱾǺ£ڶȥҩȴǺѹһ顣ɻ֮£ҲͼԷΪʲôҪ˶ĵҩһʲ֪вٶԼӴģټôõĵҩô͵ļ۸ԼҲҪЩԪ̻ûй涨ֻ٣Ҳ;һЩ¡
ɺǲòǺܿìܾͳˣЩԤ̫࣬ҩܿûˡ
ǺΣΪ֮ǰ͸˵õģµǲĻЩ˿϶Ҫ°Ԫ̻ڱʱôӰ쵽أ
֮󣬺д򲻵ǶŲƽƾʲôô࣬ûˣⲻǺŪ


590 ƷûǮ
û취˰㱨ȥô飬һЩŵţԤұ֤ۡ
ǰ˹ȥЩһκܺƢˣ̾˻ǺܺöԸġ
ֻǵ˵ʱСٰѵŰ򿪣ʱͱһ
Ķҩһ˶ΧˣӾǰԪֻ˶㹻ˡ
һǲҲС۵ҩϢִѸͣԺܶ˶ʶʱʯĻǳᣬǶɵҩǲ
ǰʼʱûôǵڣҶѾ˼ǻպȥǺܻ顣
ôһΧǰĿɲԽԽ
ظȰԤֵ˵ǵĵҩʣµٰ˳
ܶ˶ףΪʲôЩԼĺ棬ȴԪֻ˵㵽ǰȥˡ
⵹ҲûʲôΪҩίˡ̵ԪֻСƾȻ˵ĵҩˣҲ̲ȥˡ
ƾʲôˣ
թԪ̻ûǵҩԲԣøƵģ򲻵ٱˣҲⲻʯӲˣ
ëģͷȻǱ˸ˣˣֲôҶȰұԭèأߣⱲӶԪ̻ˡ
һˣ˲ҪҪȥٿҪɱ˵İ
Ҫɱ϶ɱЩһҪɱľЩ²ļһǡ
߱ߣԪ̻治ǲʵǵҩѾûˣ졭ƹþȫŸסһ߻ؽš
иëã컹Ǳǵ˸𣿡
Ϊǻƭӣ
֪ǹһҲ̻ĵҩˣʲôԪ̻ᣬˣ￪̻ᣬ˵ñˣֶΣǼǰǶɵˣӶǴǾ͸ÿǲŶԣ
һһƹĻһˡ
ԤԤƹվǵסôˣ鼱֮£ֻôԼľһԤģ򵽵ҩ֮ǰЩ˾ΪԤġ
ƹ񱻼úҲͲټֻ֣Ⱥɢȥڿռÿ
ƹģԤ㲻ƭǰɣͻȻʵҪƭ˵Ļɾͳˡ
ƹľͺһ㣬̾ʹЦ˵ĿԤǧȷոЩ򵽵ҩģΪԤģҪ
ǺãҲԤһ£򲻵ǿɾˡΪ׵˵
ǣԪ̻ϲԼƵ顣ƹĿǰһСȺˣöԷɰˣλõ˵ҩһҪԪ̻Ҫ֤ûкĻһжʵʵŻݰ
ģҲռ˱˲˵ˣ϶Ḻġ˹Ц
ƹ⻰͸оǱŤɶռ˱˲ˣëߵ𰡣ôúɶһ
ʱҲʺ̫࣬ҲͲƽЩͷĶˣԪ̻ûбҵһɱġ

죬ŵʱƹͻǶһοȻֵţģǽΧǰĻôࡣ
ҲǷ飬ΪǲòٴνԤӦˣȻҩЩˡ
ǰľ飬ƹѧˣҩ֮ǰд˸кλΪһЩԤԽҪȴЩԤĵҩ֮ҵҩ
û꣬û򵽣ô˵컹ûô˵ֱ˵Щ˹ˣûеҩǲǣ
˭ҵƢ컹ҪЩƹû˵꣬Ѿˡ
ȺҲֻһ;ˣҲ׷վָԪ̻̫޳ˣһȥãǴһг԰갡
ģҶ뿪ˣʣһЩˣǵȷԤ˽ĵҩһǿ򵽵ġһ򲻵ƹ˵ԼҲûģ˭Ҳ֪⼸˻٣һһٶ˵ʲôǰ״ġ
ף˵ɣҪٸ˵ԤˣŤͷˣҲˡֱӾָƹϡ
ЩԤģΪ˵仰ƹȺֵ
Ԥġ
ҡ
Ҳǡ
˵֮ʮˣ˵ԤģƹĶһ֣ҲȷʮˣʱһӺˣ˸Լ֤ˡ
ˣǣĶôף⼸˭ʶô֤̻ҵж
ԣô֤ǲжż춼㣬ǻ˵жһ̻˵ǻǺ׵𣿡
ƹᣬ˵ôû뵽⣬֪Щ˵жãʡⱾֱԩ
˵˼ҶǵӻƷǵãƷ˸ˣһûš
ҪԤֵܣܷ˳һ£⼸ǵԤǿ֡ƹĲͶҽôһҸоܾİ취
˵ʲô˳ô֪ǲһжǣôһ˵ԤҲˡ
ǣǵҩĻǻ˵ûҲˣû뵽뷴ڣ˭ֻ֪ʲôǵûһ׶
һ仰ҪôǵҩҪôͱһӲԪ̻ˡ
찡ôƹķ·𿴵Լһˣڸ߸ߵɽϣ첻ӦеصزΡ
ˣԤҩɡƹĻ䣬ʱʲôͽ͵ˣ˭ǵĵҩأ
ԤһǰȥٴαһѣΪЩԤ֮󣬵ҩˡ
˭أÿʮԤ˶̻ܰĵҩ⣬ΪһôǮˣ
ôԤ˸ô࣬Ļ˵ʮˣǼʮˡ
ҲԤԤģͿһõҩˣҾƭˣǺ֪ܿԪֻǺܽġƹҲˡ
û취ٱ΢Ҳ㣬ֻܰѼ¶˻ЧһЩ
ƨＷˣһŵҩû򵽣⿴һһ˰ǵĵҩˣ˵ǳţŰ
ͬ飬һ۾ðʱҲ֪˭䲻洳һɤӳߴһϢ̻۵ҩ۸һһģ
磬̻꣡
ߣȥ̻ǿģҲŪжƭˣ
ոջߵˣ¡һɢˡ
̻ᣬƹϢ޵ĸоôˡ


591 µӲԶ
̻ˣ
֮ǰһֱ֣ôôģһ춼ûж治ԼѺ̻ˣ
ڣƹڱϢĳˡϢļıڰռȶ·ߵġ
û̫ע⵽ƹɫֱ͸һ
ΪģƹԼ֪ˡ
ԭƻǣԪ̻ͨһҩͿڱһԪ̻վסţһҲΪ̻׼
ǺȻˣɿڱȴȫûСҲ˵ȫûУ˵Ԫ̻ᣬҶĵسĭ
ҺעںĿʼϣûȥѯľҪ֪̻ô൤ҩȴ׬һĻ϶Ҫƹĸˡ
ȻĿʼˣսŸոտʼŽŲԸƽץٸƵҩٴһҩҪװѺ̻塣
ȥ졣ܼתȥˡ
⼸ҩˣԪ̻ӡΣڿˡ
ƹضһ£ش𣺡Щ򵽵ҩˣȻ޲ڣЩû򵽵ˣȴЩԹǣΪֹǹҲͷۣνЩ˻Ǳ̫ˡ
ƹ˼֮󣬲һܹصĴ𰸡
ҲȷûʲôֻԼҲûŪףΪʲôԪ̻᲻˻ôࡣ
ǣֻҪ֪ǵĵҩģȻΪʱЩû򵽵ҩˣ֮󣬾Ͳ˵ʲôˣ˵ӸԡмЦ
˵ǣЩΪеĻԺ󶼲ˣ̻̫ðƹʼԼһ̻ᷢչĽɫ⼸һֱ취ⲿ˲ȥǣȴû̫õ⡣
ǵĶЦȵҰѺ̻ϳһǣˣǵĵҩͷȥ򣿵ʱ˵ǴۼۣǱڸ߼ҲùԹԵΪԪ̻ĵҩô׬𣿵ʱҪʮٱʯˡ
˵ǣ̫ˡƹϲŹά
ǰ֮ǰ㱨ˣûʵٲںҲͲõˡ
ȵȣ˵˻üƭˣҵͻȻһͻȻǰһȥЩŵǼٰңȥ̻ﹺҩԽԽãҪҶҾ˰ĵҩԭǵĵȥһľֻģǾͿԿ׬ҲŲסҿʲôҶ
ƹһУȻ뵽ô⣬ǵĵҩԴҲˣֱú̻ĵҩ׬Ԫ̻
Ǻǣ˻ȥ죿ҲΪԼĴ̾š
ֻƹ֮߳ͻȻﲻԣһʱ򣬶ʱĺ
ԡԲۣ⼸ԤЩ쵰ᶼǺ̻˰ɣ
ǵĻ˵̻ڣԪ̻ĵҩ׬Ǻ̻ҶԷȫǿװǣֻһת־Ͱ׬ˡ
ԽƹľԽ¶ģڴŶ¡
вУ¶ǧǧñ֪һҪ֪ļıѾԼϣǾͲǻǶιȥˡ
˼֮ƹ񳤳һ鳹ˣ֮ǰҩĶͨһߣûʲô̻ˣţȷġ
ȻѸټһˣ׼ٰңԺ̻зǹǷԲǡ
һ˺ƺƵܵ˺̵̻ʱ򣬷Ѿ˺ܳĶ飬ǰ˶ܿƣûκ˶ҩѡֻ֮õĵҩ
۲ƹϲһãԼ˹ʱ򣬾ͿдĻˡ
һܳɵĻʧҲֲ˻ֻҪû֮ǰµĴ͵ڹȥˡ
ֻ浽ŵȥҩʱЩȴɵˣԪ̻ɵ˺̻˼ȷ涨ֵͬҩԳš
Բۣ׹ػܣʮˣŰѺ̻ڿյĴأһ˲ţ춼
ΪʲôֻţǺ̻۸ǰɣ˼Ԫ̻ﶼۿһϰٿŵҩҲû˼Ҳһٰҩ˵
˵İɣո˼Һ̻͵ʱ㲻ڰȺ̻ĻƳͣѾ̻᲻ˣмʱ䣬ʦЧ鵤Ҫˣ˼̻˵ˣʱ鵤ּ۸Ԫ㶼ԸˣΪ˷ʯ
˵ǸʲôԪ̻ᣬǧǸƭˣʲôһϰٿţһ֪ûȻҲˣ֪Ϊʲôû𣿡һʵΪԪ̻򵽵ҩĶж֪ɣ˼Ҿ׬ǿɾǲǣĶ̻ôȻֻţ˶򵽰һǵ밡
ɿɿɿɡٰһʱҾô죿
̻Ļ˵Ļᣬʮָɴرǵ˼
ƾʲôװŭҪΪǳһʦţһǼȻеҩҾҪж٣ǲͲô۸ƭ
вɣСƵ˶ԷһۣѾ˵úˣΪ㵽ʱÿˣ˵̻Ĺأÿֻţ˲ҪǾýܲˣԲԪ̻ö࣬ȥԪ̻𣿡
ҵȻšŭ
ǾȥԪ̻ɡ˸ƣûˣ滹ҪҪҩأһ·
ҡһʱҲǣҲǡ
ѹԵĿ£ѡ뿪̡
СԪ̻İɣ˻ɵȥ
ţôһ˵񣬿϶Ԫ̻Ǳ߶ź̻Ҳۣһ򵽣Լˣˮءһ˴Ц
ʣµļҿΣǹԹԵŵҩȻһԲػԪ̻ᡣ
˿ƹѾˣû뵽ᷢչһôأ
˼ȥǵٻ㱨һº̻
۾ĵǺСİҪ濹⣬Ҳ㹻׼㾡ȥˡ
ǡҲ𣿡ƹʡ
ȻڲǴ̻ܺķôĵʱıأȥ̻ᵹµӲԶˡЦ
ƹᣬôȥԪֻᵹµӲԶˡ


592 ɨƽ
Ԫ̻ͺ̻սúò֣ʱҹѻصػҽң̽ԭһǲµķ
֮ǰ۶һսЩգΪ֮ǰҹûϵȻƳ׽ٵľŽ׵ҩ
Ȼʩչ׵֮ҲźܴϵģƾֻǺѳ־ǾŽ׵ҩ
뵽һ׵ԪҹҲòңܶණȫŵ˳С
һսȻգҲҹܶû׵Ԫȴ׵ʹ׵֮뵽ҩĻӶõҩﵽ˰˽۷塣
ЧͺҹֱӶһ˿׵Ԫʹҩʱ仯ĽһģȻԾС
ģͨһķ׵ʽ׵֮뵽ػ֮УԵػΪý飬һҩķ
ֻҪƵĵҩڷ֮УͿԲͣؽ׵֮һҹͲԼˡ
һҹʵ飬ڳɹĵֻͣҪһ׷Ϳʹм׵֮
ַֻͨ׷вͬҪҹķϡҲ˵ҪתȻҪҹһֱȴ벻˵ҪƵķŻһֱתȥ
⵹ҹ˽û뵽ʵĽ֮ҲԼں̻ĵλҪ˭Ҫõֵҩ͵ҪҹС
պʲôҪ飬ǲ̻ĳŵϣܴľ޴棬̻ҲԹ۵İɣ
ɣҹķҲ˼֮󣬷ԸˣƺõԪڷһһҹ֮ó
Щ飬ҹŸоƣһ˯һһҹȵʱõһԪȡ
ҹùһŵҩԸ׵֮˳һŵԼʱоҩľ˺ܶ࣬һ˿΢ȴոܲ׵˳ŵҩҩɢνط֮ζ
ôҹʵ
ֱһſŻһȦΣȫǰ˽۷Ԫ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣֻáݡ
ͨԪļ۸ʼۣ㲻Ǳˣҹʵ
ɣһ˽۷Ԫ滹һ˿ط֮һ˿ǵµģҲܰͨԪļ۸ǾͲǱˣѪ˦ˡ
ǺǣǾѪ˦ɣҵǺ뿴λųƺܻıҪôӦ˽۷ԪҹЦ
Ӧģڰ˽۷ԪĹ֮£ò˼죬͵ôĶĶȥŵ
ֻ׬ǮĻЩ˻ǲߵġҹɲ̫ô
ߵĻ̻ҪҲ߲ˡӭҹӣ⼸ˡ
Ӧõģҹ֣Ԫȥʱ򣬸ֳɾͺˡ
һЦȻģ˽۷ԪֵܿҩѾиӳ֣ⱲӶԵüء
ո˵Ҫ߲ˣô˵ǱߵҲˣҹʡ
Ȼˣ࣬Ҳ˼͵ȥͷ޸Ѿȥױˡһ˵Լ顣ǾͺãڴѾźãͿʲôʱ̲סˣҹƲƲ죬ʵ˵ЩͷߣֱȥЩֶΣҲˣôӡԷ˲ٵĸֱ֣ӶֵĻڵǲռʲô˵ġҡͷһﱻ޶ɱǸϼһһ˻£ʱ̻ͻ¿ʵܶͲٲˣǲҪһֱ֣ɱҲʲô鷳Ա߻ҡͷͬʱСƣ벻Ѱ¿ˮ̵ԭԪ̻ĵ̻ǿţ˾ȵǣǰȻһ˶ûС
ƹԴ˰죬ȷⲻĻþɵÿЦ
֮ǰǼģȻȫǺ̻ˣ˼ֱҩ鶼ûˡ
ģ֪ôѪ˵档
ô£ĵҩˣ
ڿһƬ壬Ʊ˿ͻҪ࣬Ǹûй˿ͣΪȡ
ڵӦųӵģڱ˵ǳˣӰš
⡭ҡǡƹһʱ֪ĸֿʼ˵˲ͱư͡
ô£˭ңһȥӶʱ˷йƷͨڵϡ
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ЩҲʲôţƹ֮ǰѾ㱨ˣ˿ȫһζ
ѵôĵҩȻһǶûУһЦƵģֻҪһ֪ҩģҲˣѵͲ򣿿Ϊʲôһ˶浽׳ʲô⣿
Щ˾ңʵ̫ˣһʱǸò꣬ԸͲˣԵʱȥˣѵҩóȥ˶ԡƹ˵Ļ
˵ʲôţֻ۾Ҫð
ûиǾȻҵҩൽԵֿ⣬ʵŭɶˣ
Ȼһתĳ仰⣺ʲôң
ƹɫһ䣬ʱвã֧˰Ҳû˵ʲô
ȻˣҲѾµˣƹĲ棬ݺݵ˵˵̻ģͼ۳ĵҩǲǣ
񡭡ƹɥѾҵ˼ԤҩˣҪ
Ȼһƹ񣬶Էݺײǽϣûаǽײ
øģȻְ취ԸңȻҾ͸ֱӵϷϳ˺֪ͨˣǽˣҵҪһԼʱŮˣƾʲôҿ⣬ɨƽ˺̻ᣬҪҵĽң
ǣ̾ȥƹòҸ£̾һ̰ˡ
٣ǡܼüͷ
޷еһжҵ֮У֮ǰֻҪ˼ĶǼȻЩһﶼ˲ʶ̧ٵĻֻһЩֱӵֶˣתȥ߰ɣȥ̻ᣬҵҪǸŮܸ˶೤ʱ䣬ϲ飬ǰĵʱ޵Ԩ


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̻ĵǰȻһųӡˣЩ˻Ժ̻ƾ޲ڣʮơ
˭ôŶӣûŶӣֱӾߵ˶ǰ棬˷׷ָ
ǵҲģֲعصˣ̻ǲҩġ
ŶӣһСƲ˵
֪˭𣿡ҲǸϲŭɫˣǿǰһĻԷԼⱾĵҩ׬ԼôҪŶӣʵǱﲻסһŻ
Բǲ˭ҪҩĻ˳ȥŶӣ򽫱Ǻ̻벻ܻӭ޴½κһֻᣬҩ¡СƵǺƽĶζȴ˼֡
޴½κһֻᣬΪ޴½ֻк̻һ̻𣿡ŭЦһҲֻǺ̻һҷֻɣǺҲ˵ܶһǵ⣬˵޴½ˡ
֪һȷֻһ̻ᣬСƴżϷʵʴңﻹб̻𣿡
˵˵Ԫ̻ոտһҷֻΪ˶Ϲ𣿡ŭ
ŶСЦ
Ŷƨ㡣Ѿ˷ŭһСƣȻǰԽУôĩ
ŶһС˵ģǺһŶӵڸ̾
ԭ˵Ǹж̻ᰡͻᵹյĵطʲô˵ġ
һﲻԪ̻ˢڸеİɣģһһ
ˢʲôãˢҲǸУ׻˵һһѣǿǸɵͷ֪ˣȻҪʦ۶ǵжȱܰ¶
ҪѪĳ嶯⼸仰ЩŶӵˣȻһضڵͷղ˵ĲһЦһʵ
ףô˳ôͻȻһϳݡ
ЦһɨһȦҾǿǸȱȱе
һ¶ྲȻмǲô˵Է̻֮һĶӣֵλҲ˭ܵģҩЩ˻
ԭ٣ʧˡµƹҲ߳Ц
ˣɳеǺ̻ľ⡣
ƹҲڿ䣬ȻٲϲҲͲˣĲ֪ʱӺ˳ҲżЦ⣬ƺڵľ൱⣬٣ȻˣǺ̻Ĺȴɸı䣬ҪҩĻ뵽ŶӰɣˣȷЩƽġ
ģ㡭Ȼ֪õԪ̻ӣǻҪ̻ҩǲЦ
ԶԶԣŶȥɣΪʲô˲𡣡
Ԫ̻˲𰡣ں̻µһ̻ᣬո𣬿ţģ
ô˵˼ңҿλӻпȡ֮ģԪ̻һǳ˼һҹ¶棬ʡƤȣ˭ܱȵϣ
ĵҲ֪Ǳɫ̼Ǿ̣Ѿʼ壬Ȼٽˡ
ɫһɨӹոտڵǼˣǼˣˣҪΪҲ֪ǵݣòһʱǵһУҶԲԪ̻зֻᶼǵ⣬ҳһǣλҪรɲ̫ƽ
вȻЧһӶϾݣǽӿĵˡ
λ֧Һ̻⣬ΪƣλȥδּɫѾɵϣƴλҺ̻ĹκһҺ̻ķֻУܷƷİۼ۸񣬲ҳִƣλκ鷳򵱵طֻֻҪҺ̻᲻𣬾κδ˼Ӻ̻Ĺ
лС㣡һ̹л
νİۼȻҲۣҲ̫صĶ⵹εˡصǺ˵ĺأκһҺֻҵõԷıһ¶һűɡֻҪǵľްԣǶٵı׷ɱˡ
ȻвĲųֵģҲõıˣԪ̻Ǻţɺ̻Ҳǳصģ˺̻ıԪ̻ôţҲõ¸òöˡ
С
Сĳ
С㲻˳ɣΪǿǣɢ֮
Сˣдҷ緶ĳЩжˣƤġ
˱һЦֻ֪Ҫ϶кĻţٴ˼ˡȻû˵̫ԣɵҲ֪˭
С㣬ĳһܵȺͻȻֳּЦ⣬ǿ֪λĳĺС㣬ǵĵҩǴԪ̻ƭģ

汰ɣֻ˵óڣ
治ˣ˼ңҲۿں̻ĵҩ˭˼ҿĵҩ
ǣ̫Լˡ
Цָ˵һȺ֪С˶ѣȻǲţҾǿ⵽ǲں˵
֮䣬汻Ѻ˼ǰԤҩм
⼸˻·ѾãѪۣ֪˶ٵı޴̷
⼸ˣüͷȻΪ⼸Ǻ̻ɳȥġ
˵ɣԤҩǺָʹģǲǣĹܼżѪ˺ȵ
һѵ̧ͷ촽΢΢һ£ޡ
ܼž˦һƣ㵽˵˵Ȼֻܵźĵ棬ϵһҪλС㣬ǲǻںЩΪˡ
ɫ仯һ£۾ŭ𣺡̫ˣȥٰңѵҩԤͻصԪֻڱ˷֣ҪǱɺ̻ˣҲˣ˵ʲôΪʲôʵ˵
һȺðٰҩˣǾȻӲţҲŹǣһѪ̧ͷ
ܺãȻƴҲҪﱾ٣ǱپͳȫǣҪΪҺ˭˵νһӣɱǡ
ס֣ܼҪ֣ȴȻȵ
ıóѣżɻʵĪǺСʶǣ
ģòٺģֵԼԼҲ¡ǰ˵ŭ
һʱԥ֪Ҫô
Щ˵ȷں̻ᡣҶɻʱҹͻȻӿﳤһ˵ǰ


594 ˵ѵĵﾡ
ӡĿҹ֣ûɵһ
֪ӺʱʼֻҪˣоʲôˡ
ҹͷЦЦֽŵ⼸˶Ǻ̻ˣСȥԪ̻ԵףĿҪԪ̻ΪʲôҪƻһǵĴͷ󣬻ҪڳⲼֹҸϵ顣
ΪЩֻҪ˵˵Ϳ𣿡Цҵݣںжҡ
ںںƨ£ҹ֮ȶԷţȻ˵˳ǷĿֻǺ̻ѣҪЩԵ׳صʱû뵽һЩС⡣
ʲô⣿˺ϵʵ
ҶȽˣԪ̻Ū˴ĵҩҩҪԶڳɱһǵҹЦЦ˵ЩԵ׵׼˵ʱǽӵλܼҴҪǼٰңЩͼ۵ҩԤķʽͻصԪ̻
ˣ½ƻˡ
ʱСϢʮڶԷ޳ܣȻ´ЩԵ׽ܶԷҪڵõҩ֮Ѹ͵̻ڣԪ̻ᵱŵļ۸һǵǣҹüë鶼û˵Щ˶Ǻ̻ģЩҩҲȷԪ̻Ƶģֻһˣⵤҩ͵Ԫ̻سţԳŵļ۸ȫһ˵˵ʵһҪл٣黹Ǻõģûȥǰˡ
Ŷ
һȺϳпţԭôһ£ЩǺ̻ģĿǰĵҩԭҡ
̻úã
СöԣЩԵֵǶˡ
ǣǸû꣡
ܶһĿ궼
ʱҪըˣҪ˵ĽƻҹһǻǲԶˡ
ô˵Ҳֻ˵ίҹأе鶼˵˳ɴһǰ˵Ǹı͵ҩˣȴ˻Щ̻ҩļһҲΪսӢˡ
һжΪҹ˵ô仰¶
ҲҪˣʵҾԪ̻ҲǺģλ٣Ǻܴ󷽵ģһεҩʧ֮ΪܽżȥֶŪΣô㹻ĵҩһڴ´ٶŪЩҩһǵǣ棡ҹͷơ
ڣȴ̲סЦ⣬ʵ̫׽Ūˡ
ͿЦ̶Цﻹͣţټͣҩûأ
ټͣ
ȺҲ֪˭ڸ壬ֵôҶ
΢΢۾ɫȻֱܿ˼ĺڹһƴҪʤ֡
ǵ۾ʱȻ˵ľâ΢΢һ֮ȻЦ˳С㣬ȻЩҩԪ̻ģЩ͵˹ѵǲù黹𣿻˵Ǻ̻ᣬ׼Ԫ̻ս
΢΢һܵظоʱѾҪҰ취ٻʲôֻҪһ̻Ὺսɡ
һʱ䣬Ϊҹ֮ǰѾЩǺ̻ģѾܸıˣ˵ǲ˵ֻЩŵ±ɱҲô
ɹ黹ҩҪ黹ˣһԪ̻˷ͷڵ̶ȣѾڿ棬ǿˣԪ̻ᶪ𣬺̻Ҳ
ǿֻܴˣ
ڴһȴں̻ᣬΪ̻͵Ԫ̻ĵҩ
ǴһͿһʱʱûȺýҹֽӹͷȻҸո˵ЩҩԪ̻ƵģЩҲǺ̻ȥģҪ˵͵ɾͲˣЩ˭ˣЩҩǻʯģһʯûٸ٣ʯõҩѵҲ͵𣿻˵Ԫ̻ˣеף˵ûиʯ˵ڷڲˣ
Ƕһ£ȴûзŭֽ˵ڿ˵ЩжֻһСҵǺ̻ˣȻжǵȻԼʯ򣬾ǸʯҲҸǵģЩӦͶҵģǲ黹ֻԼȡˡ
ſڴƻˣЩȻжҩʯһŶ㸶ģǺ̻Ḷģҹ߿Բع񣬵ȴ޷ԼĵģħҪٽһ컹ѣԼĵ﷢ģҩʯԪ̻𣿸ҵĻ˰ѵҩ㡣
𣿡
֪ңˣʲôſھ
ٴŭӿˣûб˱Ƶ̶ֳȣôҸɴܣһﶼһԸġ
ʱȭͷȻһ⣺ʦ˵ҲңԼĵ﷢ģЩٰҩǱƭǴҩ𣿡
⣬ĿصҹϣȻ̫Ҫҹô˵
ֻҹȻһЦҵȻңҷģûָʹȥٰҩˣҵﾡϣ޸֮ʱҪҵĻ˵ʯҩҲ˵ﾡϾˡ
ָ׶ôҲ벻ףҹȻΪһСС飬ȻԼĵġ
֪Ǹνħ᲻Ӱ쵽ԼΪȻðա
֮һֺĶʱһЩ΢СڵģܸΣҿЦ
һΪǾ÷á
ɫȴһ仰Ҳ˵Ȼ֪ʲô˼һȻûеͲҪ˽а壬а֮Լȴʵ˿𰡡
С㡭ںĵͻȻһʮˣһȥޱȹźġ
ƽ̾ϳˣһͺҹǶģųһǵһʦƽ
ʲô˳֣Ҳɻʵ
ȻСϴСˡƽٴδףȻŭλ޳ܵ٣˽ҼСȫߣ뿪̻ᣬҪΪ̻սʵԺ̻ĳĶ£²Сԭ£ֻĳٻغ̻ᣬ֮ر̻ᣬڡ
δʦˣҵվͲ²вѵĿԣһжѾȥȻǺ̻Ȼӭ֮ļæãǰ֮£ҶҪˣ׷Σûбδʦļˣܿ񣬵ҿǲܣ˺һδʦһ


595 
ƽǲ𣿡ŭ
ʱƽңΪȫ̽
Ǻ̻ģΪ˺̻Ȼ޺ƽһ֮ǰǿ޶°ߣвʹ뿪̻᣿
ƽ֮ǰ޶ھͲ֪Ϊһʱĳ嶯ǶҪѳᡣѾʲôɣҪֱ˶Էʲôһβ޹
֮ǰΪ޶С˺̻һΣⱲҲеڶ鷢룬ҿ޶Ҳͬһ̻һңΪԪ̻һŵҩƽն
δʦģһǵһʦ
԰Ҫǵһʦʦô㣿
ʦһССһʢµģ˵µһʦҲȥˡ
Ȼʦ
޶һǿ¾ɲˣЦҵĻƽһң̴ŶŮ˵Ļǰһ£ƽܵһУǰԼͣ
㡭ƽŭɶָָҲЩˣȴҲЦתͨһҹǰлʦһСˣƽڼΪŰһСҪʦ֮ƽû
δʦ˵һСѾȳˣοǾȵ
лңҲȥ鿴һ³ķѣ˳־ȳġҹ˵赭дȴҲûжλá
˰ݲݵģ治⣬ҲΪˣ;Լܲ𣬻Ҫһ¡
ԭȥ⣬۾ȻһȻ˶ȳˣҲѾַĸԴˣ
ȻˣǻΪǵطж֮ǰֻǲӲѡҹЦ
Ǻǣҹò˵Ǵ󣬡ڸӦһʲôͻȻЦ㷢˷ȴûнƵֻǸļھһȥʱˣһǣ˭Ҳųȥ
ɫͻ䣺ҪʲôԪ̻ᣬһֻȺ֮ΪԪ̻ܳܵ𣿡
Ȼǣ˿ڵˣΪʲôӣ˭ȥҪһڶûУ˭֪﷢ʲôأֻǱħѪϴˣԪ̻ʱѾʬҰľǿϧ֮
ܰ˶ɱһҹ
ǾҪлˣǷ棬һʹһû취ڣдĸǰһǣٵ֮顣Цš
ΧҲǴ󾪣ҩҲ˲ˣ׷źȥ
Ҫ˵ʵϣԪ̻̻Ӧǲಮٵģֻ̻ӹϣԵøǿЩڣ˺ģʵ벻ʲô취ܿɱ
ɫҲЩأĿⲻתҹ
ôģ㻹ΪƾҹһˣͿתһ𣿡Ц
ЩעģҸͲȥתҹɨ˶Էһۣ㣬һҪӬһҷɣ绹ҪĻͲġ
ȴѾںΪһУƿ֮С
ǰһֱѰһʵɣڣòҵֶȻѾһҪˣʲôɱ粵ģ
ಡ
ʮӰԼٶ˵ķǴĶʵС˶ȥ⾹ȻǼʮ𵤾
ʼΪڴţĻΣѾǰˡ
˵ģ͹ǰ⼸ʮ𵤾㹻ǳصˡ
ȻҲ˵һûн𵤾У£˭ȥȱˣĸһᣬԼ˵
Ҫ֪һ𵤾ʮ𵤾һӵѾǲˡ
Ҫˣƺǿ͸ڳ˵˼ǽ𵤾ҲһߣⲼôķΪʲôרžΪ˵һ̣ҲôǼȻǰұƵ·ҲֻöˣЩˣҪ־ֺֻģԹóһǣҲǾʲôҲûˡ
ϻˣʮ𵤾ҪһҲ̫С̻ˣҹһָ˻Σ˵Ǻ̻ˣһǵɢ𵤾Ҳɣ
Ϊ㻹üһ𣿡Ц
Щټһȷ˵ҹҲͷͬ⣬ϲҲ᲼󡣡
һ£ͻȻЦ᲼ôߣҲˣҹұҪҵӣ̫ʧˣѾʧȥᣬȻϲģǾһȥɡ
ǲУϲϲֻҪϲˣҹҲЦţ㲻ϲҲһ᲼㿴ġ
˵ͻȻһ£Ŀ⳯Զȥ
ҲɸĿǱһ֮£ʱϲӣҺ̻ĸ֣
֮һƬ⣬һƬâǣʯϰ𵤾ǿߣͬʱͨŵĹ
΢΢һ£ȿǺ̻Ľ𵤾ʱ˼ҡͷܣʹƻһֱôôĽ𵤾ͻȻ֣
ŶǸˣһǵĴʵѾ޺ˡǲҰ׵ɫҲ˼Ϸʵ
ţҲǸ㣬ĴȻû׻ȴ˵ֽţֻܴôһμʮˣ֮ͻỵģҹ㲻ٵŸĸˣûǸˡ
ɶĻ쵰ȻҪȫɱ˵Ҫôͷ̶ŭš
Ƥ֮Ļ׷ױ˳˻ϵӽһڳһرӣ˵ľۼ˷Բڣ֮õļһŶôûû
ģô˵ҲԪ̻ĶүҶһԪ̻ǲݡɫѾ˻ֽ
ĵûʲôʵ̫ˣֱܸвһˣˡ
ߣոҪɱңɱȫǵʱΪʲôû̻Ҳǲأ˿Ϊ
̧ͷһľƣֳЦ֮ǰ׼ȫɱȻ˰Ϣй©ȥаսҵȫɱ𣿡
΢΢üȷû̫İաʮ𵤾Ȼϰٽ𵤾Ķ֣Ҫ˵һӲߣҲЩѶȡ
Ԫ̻֪Ϣ᲻̻ƴһս⻹治˵
Ϸڣ㻹ЩߵĿ𣿡


596 
ǾףȻʱ򣬰ÿ˶ԭء
ķӦ죬ͷкףˣ
ǺǣҪԸҵıŮȻҪ˭ôĵӣһĸߴ󣬽üĿ˴¶Ǻ̻Ļ᳤죬ǺôĵӣЩֻ̻ǲ£ȴΪҺ۸һ㣬Ůգ㻹Ҫ뿪𣿡
˵ָһ˿߰Ԫ̻Щ𵤾ת˲䣬Щ˵ȫһɫĴӣһը촷ۡ
µ˶һĻŵˣ̧֮ʮ𵤾λ˵һǺƵĺ죿ôģ
Ҳԣ˭ҺңҾͰ˭ɿҿ϶ͺ⣬˭Ҳλħ
Ҫҹǵһο񾳵ʵȻ֪񾳱𵤾Ҫܶ࣬ǵ٣ȴֲǺ
ͷкܶණΨûԱ˶ԾĻ棬ҹڻʵͣһĽ׶Ρ
һʶˣһ񾳣ǲǼ𵤾ܶԸ⣬ǸͲһϣ֮ڴ
֮ǰҹоԼʵֻҪˣɱ𵤾ûġڵˮƽӦҲиļ̸̸ʸˣԴʯ֮Ǿ޴ըƾҹڵʵܽ𵤾һܡ
֪ԼǼʶ̫ˣֻҪļһ񾳣ʵڶԷǰһж߲˵ʲôȨˡ
ɫվͬһܡ
Ҳѹ֣ոջΪƿȫ磬ֻգգ۾ʱ䣬ȫѾ˸ƿˣ־޴һ˿¶ᱻ˲裬ִҲ
˵δãΪģֻҪ㿪ڣǸԪ̻濪սҲŹǸСӡοδȴڴһת۵Ĺ򣬾͵˽ǰٽĵط
Ĵ˿ѾûʲôĵӣôһڴˣôƻҲʲô
ҹҲòҪɱһ𵤾ڶԷѾ˷£ǰһֶζóͬҹ쾵ոԴʯȫϣҲδؾʮþȡ
𵤾ɱûôףҪɱ𵤾ǶԷڴ֮ȱˣһӵ£Ҳôɱġ
Ҫٰƣþ˼Ȼʱ·磬Է𵤾֮ʵˣԷͨҲǳصġ
ȴͬȫҪȥʲôֻһһľܽʮ𵤾Щ𵤾뾡һа취ҲǴӺ߶ѣҪǸûпܵ顣
᳤Ȼ˵ҪǣǶںСòŮӣȴôº֣ǻ᳤ûҲһЦѡЩӲЦ
ȥ¸Щ»ҰȥͰɣԲһὲˣһӣѾѶԷĻˣеľһ仰ģĪ˵һСС۸ŮҲҪ췭ظ
Ը׵̻һжΪ޷ȻǺ޲ðɱˣ˵ú̻ҪԪ̻һս޷Ǿõ̵Ļѡ
ӡƺԣԼûаյ飬ϰ߰ҹȥÿζԷȴȷѡ񣬵һͻȻ֣ոջߵ˾Ȼˣ󾪣ȥ
뿴ҪӵȥҹһƬд
ҶܸоǾ춼΢΢üƬ֮չﰵ̾ţŮҵˣŲͬǿ󣬲ȻôҵԷڡ
ұ֤ǽ𵤾ǾǷֲҹ֮ڣҲֻȷһµķλҪɱҹǺܼ򵥣ֶΣ˵ҹĲ
䡭
Ѿڵϣֳ˾ʧ룬޴͵ػϡ
ڿһѪ֮ͻȻһȦĽ⣬ڻڿһ㣬ʧˡ
ӣǡɱ𣿡ЩӦ
ãһŴͷˣոһƣҲġҹЦ
ŷֻҪûԪ̻£ҲҺ̻鷳
Ȼ֪ҹǲģõĽȷָ˶ԷһĽѵԺʲôʵĻᣬ֪ɱǲõĻᣬȴǡ
λǱ˵У޵Ӱɣ˿ѾȥͺһеĶ񹷣ȻˣţȻӢ۳ֲ꣬Ҽұ˸ţΣɰ֮ھȻ߰ʮ˵㣬ҿ֮ʲôŮˡ
ףں˵˵ˣɫߺ죬ȴЩʧصѾˡ
û뵽Ȼ鷢תˣҹˣŮˣǵҲʲôֵ顣
һЩŵӣʽ֮ǰĸûмޣŮûп͸ϵӱͲָ࣬Щ֮ţһֻһˡ
ֻҪ˲ҹޣպԼŮһ֣Ǳûʲô˵ġ
Ǻǣѵһһˣߣǻظġ֪²һʱܽ⣬´ŹҪˡ
ԵȣԸһ¡תһЩҩߵǣȻߣԪ̻Ҳһ£˷Ԫ̻ͼһǣ߶һȺģǺ̻ٱ̻᲻ӻλ⻹л
лС㣬л᳤ˣ
Ԫ̻ƨⱲӶٽһˣ
ǣһΣǴһΣ´εʱ˵ǰѵҩۣǰǶҪޣʲô
ĶӦ⣬ΣԪ̻һǵǳ군ˣպԪ̻ðž޴գУһٰһˣûٽֻĿܡ
⣬˵֮ҹȥҹҲûʧٴһشľڱܽɹ𣬴Ҳվں̻һߣ̻Դ˱ʾʮָмڳˣԵõһöѵҩ
ȥҲΰɣ
ʦ˵ҩ֮ǰ˵ģط֮ĵҩ
ֵҩĻֵ͸ҵл𣿡ҹ޿˵


597 Դ
ҹĻǿûһ˾֣෴ҷΪģЩ̫ǫˡ
ţ޳ܵӣҵķ緶Сп
̲סק˸һѣ͸Էһۣӵĵҩȷ򷽣ۿƳŽ׵ҩ׽٣ԴҲŻ
ȿȡûǺϵƤˣ˵ʲôŽ׵ҩ֮ǰôûи˵
û˵𣿡ɻһ£漴赭дǿΪҪ̫࣬һʱ˰ɡ
һԼŮҪ̫̻ࣿ˵ʲôһλŽʦҪģ
⼸ȷкܶ飬ţǵһֻ汻ˣĸ̾һȥԭȻûҵҹ飬ȴ˵ӣҲǲУҸ״ŵʱư˽۷ԪǵҩѾƳɹֵҩ̻ᶨȻϲ¥
ȵȵȵȡüͷΪԼˣ˵ʲô˽۷ԪԪֵҩֻһֻ֮ãҹ־ŽʦԪƵ˽۷壬ǰװ˷ԼʱôԪǵȽٸߣҲԶȲһöԪǸѣ֮˽۷壬ʵЩˡ
һЦûпֵҩʱ򣬻ǲҪ¶۵ĺã֮ǰҲôЩ˷ѣǵҿ˽۷Ԫ֮󣬾ҲôΪˣӵԪͨ˶ƣֻҪټһһ̿Щҩ˽۷壬Ҷڽ𵤾֮µߣĪĺôͨԪҽԪֻܳһţͨҪôҪô۲ǷҲûЧӵĵҩȴƽʱյҩеһ˿ط̻֮Ҳĵҩȴûм˾ҵֵĵҩ
˵ոҹ˵ģͨߣԴǵҩյط֮ʶֵҩжô
Ҫԣһŵҩļֵֵҩ϶ȲϾŽ׵ҩ˵ҵֵֵҩȴ˿ȾŽ׵ҩҪ֮
ǿľŽ׵ҩЧһ㶼ǿ󣬵Ȳ˵̻û֣ʵϾǰ˽׵ҩҲƷοǾŽף
ԾŽ׵ҩٴٳۣһΪŽʦ̫٣ȻУҲײβٺ̻ỹ벻һλŽʦ򣬶Ǿ־Ž׵ҩҲٻ˰óⶼǹؼʱ̿ԾĶ
֪۸ҲͨܽܵģԾŽ׵ҩУҲֻܾۣΪһղ
ֺܼ򵥾ܴİ˽ԪͲͬˣκ˶֮ãǼ۸ûж̫ߣͨ˶Ǿζſ˶ֵҩ
ȻŵļֵûоŽ׵ҩ󣬵޴½Ľ𵤾֮߼һôֲ֣붼˾ÿֲ˹
ȻģͲµ˶ԷķӦǻһЦ˵Ƿ˺ܶҪ顣
ȷ̫ҪˣǡǵʲôƵģȡҹദʱˣûʲôչ
һ죬֮ȴЩȻΣŮ߳ܣʾκ˼ͲϣҲ޴½ΪҪѰӺѶģĿŮҲ벻ѵĻŮҲ
ЩˣֵɲУҹĵҩҪ뾡һа취˩߲źá
סһа취ĻϵѵΪССİ˽Ԫ׾ҪŮɣ
ССİ˽Ԫ࣬ʶæѹղ˭˵ⵤҩļֵжôôߣ˵֪ŮĪ㲻ϲСӣⵤҩٶ죬ΪҲŮɼȻ⣬η١ȿȣٴһЩȿŮԸΪҺ̻һľŽʦֶΪ
תͷȥǱ߱ҹǵһɢޣֻһŽʦô򵥣ĸʦ㶮þӪƵģǿ޴½϶ҵıδܰպãȵһ½֪¼䲻֪ŮӣһѷͶĻʱҲˣ
˵ţѾһŮյҹߣޱؽ̸š
㿴㿴ûָǸҹֱۿҡŮӣûҼұòǡǡ㶮ô
ҪԼŮȥˣ⵱׵Ļ˵ڡ
һ̣ѾЦˣΪȻû˵ûȴȻƮҹߣǸҹ̸Ů
๫һؼȥɣҸ˵ǽһЩ仯Ҫȥһ¶ԲءСɿĹϸҹֱ۸ǽ˽񲻹ҹͬⲻͬ⣬ֻܸؼҰ㡣
Ҫˣҹ˶æֱۣɲСɾ壬ص׵ҽѾ뵽취˳ؽһͿҪָˣȥϰ˵ǣ⼸ǾƷһҲˣõĴѾ뵽취þƷһһֱȥõҲڵ⣬ʯһҵķݣ֪ô
ģСɳһԴ׶ˡ
˵ĻȻģЦţǰһλ̻С㣬ƽﲻЦѾһЦĻֱµ˶裬Ů˶ܻˣƼҵһȻĿǰҲֻһǷ룬͵һֻʱȡʯӣ㿴Σ
ҹһҲǣ͵ͷͬˣ⵹Ǹ⣬̻鲼µĻʯҲͷˡ
ʲô˲𣬡СɲǾƼҵľƷһ֣Ҳܿͻ鲼µķֵꡣ
Ī˵ڻûУһƼҵķֵܱ鲼£ҲȻ̻һ㣬֧ȡʯ㣬ĵЦȻᣬȴǷֺãСþͲҪˡ
ڸСŭ
Сÿ϶ңЦոӲǶѾ𣿡
˵ʯСɲá
ʯʲôСö̫ŶĴûǿƵȥһˣǲԼˣɴ˿ȴоúʹ죬ǰԼеһӶ׵ˣֻƾϲȥƴһ㡣


598 ļ֮
һǵŮˣ
ҩǣ۵С
ʵĵһŮ˷ΪµһŮݵλòȼŮʵࡣ
СȻû֮ɳ˺֮⣬һɾͷһݶˡ
һĪ˵ǺģǾСҲ˴ͷҪӵеĴڡڣŮȻײһǵΪһ
ƽȻǲܵģпǸĶ󣬻ᱻҵɹиˡ
ȴȻҹʱ˶оȻˡ
Щͺһѵʦ磬תͷһҹʮͷѾƳŽ׽ٵҩ֮ţܵõĺ;С˵汾µģ
⣬ҶûΪҹ֣ҲҪƳģյط֮ĵҩءɱˣĶȥôĺõҩȥ
ȻҪһ㣬ɱǸ𣿾ڸոյʱҹһưѽ𵤾ˣοŮﻤء
ŮĶڸ涼ռϷ磬û취˭˼ĺãòãҲã涼ʤ˾Сһ
󣬺Ҳ֮ǰֱ֣˸ɣųƺҪҪҹ̸ҹĸ첲ˣֻ¾СţͬĿ⡣
СһģĶʵ̫ǿˣܵҲǺ顣
᳤ʲôҪϢѵǹļʹȺիģ̻ҹеʵ
Ϣһ¡
ŮɫεذͷȥԵʡû֣ԻЦЦԺǲȥʲôԼȥˡ
ո˵ļʹȺի𣿡Ȼ˸ֲľεȷḻ̾סţôҲܸŮǣ֪ϢУһһǰոǿļ壬ڴȺիһƵţֻЩսֱڸȫ˵Ŀط
ҹǰһӿʶˣ컹Ͻ˵ʮа˾žطˣӦþˣ᳤ʲôϸϣ
ȴεҡҡͷΪҪطϣǴǰĻһȥһ飬ڣطһһѾˣٲȻϼѣʲôҪô
˵ʲôļ屻ˣҹȫһ𣬶Ȼ
Ⱥի֮УνģȻļ塣
ҹ𾪣ɫҲļ屾ֻһС壬ŲһǰͻȻһﵽ۷徳ǿߣһʱʵɱһҲԽԽŰԵܶĲΪԷǿƣҲûȥǣֱҲ֪ǵ˭һҹ֮䣬ļұ¾ŵʱѪɺӣļ£һֻ
û˵ȥѾҹȭͷţ˫۶Ѫ죬嶼΢΢ز
ӡһæǰסʲô˵ľٶ
⡭ĿǰֻһŶѣæǿһ£̾˲̽ʵϢ㲻ż֮ڣȻȷеϢ
л᳤ҹ۾ָֻóɳʱʱأһɣ춼оЩȵƣܽΣҪ֪˭ļ塣
ģ¼ֻҪ̻ҪϢѣҲһҵ֣ص
ӣ㲻롭ĵǵ
ҹûлشֻǻȥ
Ҫ׷ȥȴסʱȻԼһ˾õģǸļʲôϵΪʲô⣿ѵ˵ģӾļˣ
ǵǣֻûĻ⡢ĪСˣܿܶļ֮УҡͷӵӣǺȻĪСҲΪˣκһ£ʧȥǣȥƴģһҹ֮䣬ӵл۷ǿ߼ģԲܿģôźã
żļĿǰֻǴԣǿ϶ģҪ˵һȫ˸ɸɾǾǷ龳ǿ߶Դ඼ǿЩϢһɸȥ̽ʱ䣬㲻ҪģҹߣǸˣĻᡣ
ס΢΢ü뷨̫ڲˣ˹ȥЩʲô
ģҾϷΪɲϺͿЦһŮƽʱʱȴЩɵˣ㲻صҹֻҪļĲ־ްԣԸˣҺ̻
˵ĸӾˣǺ̻ᣬĴҲȻܴܵѹĸףȻԥûУѾˣ֡
ɵѾͷպҹҵŮæҿ϶ҪЦûߵһæҸҪ
ҲǴϻ۵ˣôһͣ̾е˼
ҹԸ񣬱Ϊɱģ϶뾡һа취ҲȻҪóԸŻݡҹȢǾǺ̻Ů̻ȻҪҹҰҹĸ󻼡
ҹȢǾ͸̻û̫Ĺϵڵļֵֵκһ̻ƴȥ££ΪܸҹϹϵõԷ飬ʹ̻֮ȥҹĸõѡ
ôˣҹĸԣ϶Ѻ̻ҲѣֹϵǱȲ̻ŮȴҲȥˡ
ͨЩҲҹԮϾ仰׿˵ݣܴ̻ᣬΪ̻˴һ鷳

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һϿۣһںѹѹƲ֮ڲݣ۳һֱ۴ֵ׵
ڵλãһǵɡûдŸøȥˡ
̻֮У̧ͷգתͷŮʱȫǿЦ֮ɫСҲ̫ˣһ֮ڣҾȻŽ׵ףҪʲô
ſѣĸǿЦһˣ¶Ѿ˶ʮˣԴ츸װϢ˵֮һֱƽԪ˶ʮףǱζţֶ˶ʮöŽƷʵĽԪˡ
Сӣǹ̥УǾŽʦҲû˵ƾŽ׵ҩ½ʦһôȥԺŽ׵ҩҪ˰ײ˼ۣͨĵҩóȥ


599 һɽ
㻹˵˵ļʲôϢɡʵ
ļȷǱˣ룬Ǵ֮ǰţļ֮еĵϵ˴һЩɢϵһЩļ˵ЩʹӣȻҲˣ඼ɢˡ
ϣ˶ûɣӲ֪ô磬ͻȻһת֪ļǵĸ壬Ȼҹţ
ҲʲôﲻĴ壬ͬݣҲһҶң˵ʱҶҵļ͸ļ壬λͻȻ˹ڣֻǵʱ֮ˣ֮ظҪһѪǰܣȴδ뵽ҶиﲻҡҡͷЩ˾̫СЩĻˣǧ겻ģֻǱô򵥣һͷȥȻǱԷò֪롣
ǸûЩɢ֮˵Ϣʵ
ĿǰûУЩ˴ļɢ֮ȻԼЩǵˣ֪ԷݣȻˣԼǣҲȥļ島ʲôϵЩȥҶҵˣҲδ֪ǿԿ϶ǣҶҲûȥ׷Щļϵ֮˵˼ֻҪ뿪ļģӦöûˣֻҪҵĳ˵ȷϢЩѡ
ǾͺãЩϢжϣҶļʱ򣬻ѡģ˿ֻҪǸǹȥˣӹһ٣ҹЩѣΪűǿдļ壬Ȼ̸ʲôҲͲҶҵǿ߶Կӹһ٣ֻҪûɢĸ䣬ĸ壬չ黹ǿҵġ
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һըףȥոյĻҪӺ
ĴˣҹҪϵ֮ɾ𣿡쿴գٴοЦ
ھȥӣϢӦûĲ١ļϢĸӹҹ塣
ƴƵҩҹ壬Ҳڡ˵ܵˣƾŽ׵ҩķѵʶҲͬСɣҹһ̲ͣƵģ
һǶѾҪ׵ˣҪûмͲһһ
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ţе֮ڷӿţղŵӾҵطš
ԣոȫͬʲôҪɽٰɣ켱æ档
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ϹʱһҪڣ˵ʱһʥأΪ޴½ǿˡ
˵סıˣɣû˸ðʥص
ʱգû֪ʥΪαڵһƬ棬ȥΨһȷǣνʥأѾֻʣһνѡ
˵ʥرһϹżһΣҵķȻֻˣȻҲͲֵôʦˡ
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ҵʱĴҽţн߳ɵ˵ȥ⣬ֻǵһеĹѡ
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ǣЩлһȽװƵĽ𵤾ٴһһųޣѥذףﻹа
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˵ԸҵĻҾͿڳԸĻҵʵԸĻܿܽȻǾͿһԸҵĻ֮ȥ˵ҹ˵ʱһֱ˿ƺǺԼһͻʲôԽƵġ
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Ӵôˣҹź˵Ͳܼһ£
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607 ޳ܵͻ
âһҹжһڹӵĺᵶڳòõİҹ
ҹһεűĶ̽ȥޱȷɧŵҹ󣬸Űҹ󿳵һȣ͸ЦСһ
ҲûǣֻǼ򵥵ִѣҪȻһҹףȻԼԼŪ
ĽȥҹۣΪѶ̽治ʲô߼Ҳֻǿȥѡ
ҹİҹᵶأǿħħ鶼йĶѵżǿħԣɱ֮ǰǿö࣬ҹŻһֱá
ʱóǸĽԱȣʱִ۸Сĸо
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ǣ޳ܵͻҲͻƣһ󣬸ҹ޳ֻܱˡЦ
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׽֮ȻǱؽ֮ǰһƬѪĲҾѾˡ
Ѫʬ壬һֱֵʱ̵ҹ͸ʱҲȫӰ
ҲʲôˣԼЩж׽֮лҷˡɣ
֮Իôһ˿ȷΪҹһֱֵ˵֮ǰڸĵúܾˣôˣЩϰߣһ籾ôŵġ
һοصĽôһӻۻζǱĶЩʲôЩ˶ְθͳԶϴϴĳ嶯
׽̫ôˣֲ龳۷ĸо
ȻҲֻ˵˵ѣϴϴ˯һ֮ǻǻسŸߵľ
һ̣˶ıŵˣҲǵһο׽ٵĿֲضӣο˵塣
ɱ˵ʲô˵ǱʤصɵЩʬ嶼û˵ˣ֪زԶˡ
ɢȥӵķӡҲȻ⿪ˣֻǰڣ˶û˵ֻǾؿ·һƬڡ
һˣȥ
һ˸Ϸ˳֮ɫǻϷŹǡ
޴ּϰ֮࣬ȴȻûоʹ˰֣ڿ׽֮ƺǸϣԸҪȥɨһ˵ס
ӣЩҲ֪˭䷴
ȥĿ˾ûκοԶҡء
ɶҡͷ̾ϢȴֲĸǰɷΪѣֻøһɳȥ
ЩĵӣȻҲǲʲԸѾĿôˣ˭Ըȥ˭вˡ
˭Ҫ˭£ҾȥĳɵĵӾȻš
һ̣˱һͨշʱȻòˡ
һƬţ֮ҲҶԡ
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ֻûм룬˶ʱʱ̣һɫӰƮȻ£ȴȵý͵ĺġ
һȥ̾˵ɻ󣬶ԷݿǷͬСɣ䣬ҲɵȥǿȺȥ
һ֮£ڴվӱԵȥ
ʱһʱٴߴ˽뷨ֻؿźģһŷȥ
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ӵĶȹӵĴţںһ֮£ȻӦϢӣҪʲô鷢ǣʲôҲûС
Ķһ£漴첽˽ȥֻʣһƬ
ڶˣһԾ£ǵųȥ
ˣˣôСɵ֮ܰҪֵĹʵȫ͸ġ
ЩСɣڿ龰֮һֵҪܣΪڲЩˣڲߣʱ
һǡǡ෴Ѿô࣬ڷ˷̾ߣǲǰװ
˶뷨ת֮٣󶼸һȥˡ

ǰö෨
ź̾˵ľ
ȻʲôƷķҲ㹻Щûʲô̵ǰһˡ
ڿЩȤ֮󣬴Сɲ˶٣ȫһѷŷȥ
һһװԼĴָһװһ߼ųţΪķǸ
ȻҲûзŹ;ЩǷ࣬ٴһԾ˭Ҫøˡ
ǰĺģȻںЩһں̻ᣬͨķ벻۾˿һǣҹİΣЩ֮Ķȫȥ鿴
־ٶԼû⣬ǷУȴ֪ûʲôöһ·ȥ
һ·źģȴҲԷΪȻЩģ滹ʲôĽƷ
һҩ㣬ңԶƮŵ֮Ϊ֮һ񣬽²Ҳߵøˡ
һ£Ҳæȥ
عһ̨֮ϣطһƿǵҩǴɢ˳
Ҫ߹âһһԪǣƿҲƵС
޵Ц⣬üëģҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻҪʲôҩ
һЦƿĵҩиŨҩЦȴһӽ
ԭһŽԪһ˿Ц⣬ϲӣԪƷòƲͣ޴½ϵЩϹŶܷƳֵҩҲδ֪ء
ǿſȥǾŽ׵ҩĽԪֿЦõĸоôˣôҴĴ󣬾ôΪһŽԪͨص׵Ĵ󽱣
ԪǾŽףôŽףҲǽԪѾǻˣѵҪΪϵȥһ飬ðŵҩ˲˷ѣ
ܣһʲôŹ֣üͷڵعµľȻֻһŽԪֱҪˣ
ʲôŹ֣ĵȻʵ
Сԭļ٣ǿŵҩ֮ȴͻȻõ֪㲻Ź֣һиǸʦһ¶͸Ź죬ϤķصʧˣСôͻȻ𣿡
˵ҵȻǵã㲻ǻĶ˰ɣһ·ҲҪɵȷûٿӦòŶԣȻңҲһɣĲĶԷĻɣ֤ʵʲôҲν
Ҳ֪Լû취Է֣¸ƣԪһ֮䣬ǰʯȻ촷ۡ
ţĸо̾ʹӸոʯҵʲô
Ĳ죬Ƴʯҵһǽڻȥ
ȻУʯڶȻ͸⣬չǰģһƬԴ֮ء
޴½֮һһһĴţǱ˴ȴЩһ
벻ж죬ط޸̾˵С㣬λʦ㶼ƭԼһ˶㵽ɣΪ㰵ʾ£
ֻϣܻžͺã˵İʾǵʱֹҲӦǴѲٺĸоûһǲһ飬˵ʲô°ʾˡֻƽ˵
ҲǻǰѷķҲͰˣݹҶԴв
Ҳʲôֻ֪˭Ҫ̻;ưոݣ˿á


612 
ô˵̻ҪΪˣһ
ң¼ҸΪеģֻûмҺ̻ҲЩСѣȻеſĵ֮Уƺǫȴ˿ľȻҺ̻ҲһĵطҹȻҺ̻ʦǾͻر붯˭Ժ˵Ҫ
ߣ˵᳤ΪһʦϧͳһŶҹ飬ʱں̻˵ǿҹֵƣΪҹ飬һŶҹֳܵ𣿡伥ЦǴǵڣĪΪڱȲڣ
֮˭ǿ˭ֲһССŮԣ̻Ѳǵĺ̻ᣬҹӣǵһʦɱȣҪҺ̻᲻Ҳϧвƽˮ˿˵Ļȴκ˶Ϊ֮𶯣ֻ֪Ƿһ˵㣬Һ̻㾡УȻܲλã᲻ᱻ˶ҡȻͽ֪ܲܵΣ
𣿡ѾЩŭ
벻ĵ̬ǿӲĻû˿ʱܷļƣܲˡ
ֻ˵һʵĵĿ⻹ǰƽҹһУҸѾȫȨҵ˼Ǻ̻˼ֻǲ֪ӵ˼Ƿܴڣ
ŭˣǺڸ̻һܣ˵ǴӲȻ̳ˣȷ֮λҲֻƵľ
Ҫˣ˵ֻһ̳ˣѾλҲܻܿᱻŴ̸
ԺĵĻͲƣôв
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ҹʲôˣȻǺ̻ά䱻÷ۣ֮Ҳ֮ǰʢˣĪǺС㿴ˣ
һǴ˼ϷʣҲ֮ҪϷһ£˭֪̾ĻӦǵȻЦ˵Ը⣬ĺԸί
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ʦ̻˵Ƕһ˵൱ҪĽɫǺ˵ȴӦҪ˵ĳ̶ȡ
̻Ÿû㹻ǿʵ̻ٶ׬ȡܱԼİȫҲͽ͡Ż̻ᣬӵӦǿߡ
ҹŶʮͷӣʦʲôʦΪһСӣɢ޿ƺѾʵڴһ㲻ϱȱȽǣҲûϡȥƾʲôúһŮ
ĵĻԸޣҪǸСԸⲻԸȢ֮⣬ֻҪҹСָͷ̾ͻȸһ˽ԷĻ
ܱܲôᰡ
ܲã˭źһŮΪ˱˱ŷԼԣҲõĶȥ
˷ˣܿ׷˹Ƶǽһȵ棬ûж˭Ҳṳ̂ȥ
С㣡
һӺӿöˣ̶к̻ľȱˡ
һ˼ҴҵظϵʱǡǡѾˣǱһƬɰЩ˶һΪҹͺ˶ء
عĿռ䲻СͻȻôˣʱԵӵ
˹˼䣬ҿԾȥĴ˿ȴͲںˣź̻˱㵽档
ʣµ˶ĿͶɫѿ䣬ڶԷûгǷҲһ֣ȥ
ȻѾһƬ֮У˴̶ȣ˿֮ز
ֵǣѾǵر֮£ʥҲϹż⣬֪ҹٱ飬ûƬԴһڡ
⵽Ķ˿ΧξһĴڣ૵
˶Էһۣ󿴵èһͷȥһض㵽ĳ˵ĺ棬ͷ¶ˡ
ʵһʼʱ˷ѾҪˡ
ǵʧСÿɶٶʮӣС˵ѾǺܴʧˡֲˣ֮ǰǵõĬģڡ
С㣬ȥĶټֶĳƽҿ˿ûпҹʵ
ɢκ˿ʦµκټ̻һ㱨
ǣС㣬ƽ¿һ£ҹǳˣʱҲǶʱֻźĽ𵤾ǷԸţɢĿҸոոǿĻκϢǷκοɵټС㱨档
ЩӦһ֮ѸΧɢȥ
ѣǱҲѾ֮⣬ǻŵģͶѳ
ӼˣҪط״ɨһ顣
ȻҲҪҹҳҪǣ俴ص֮أ϶ʲôܡ
ȻǸعѹһܱܿ˱Ƚһǳ˵ع֮ط˵Ҳķš
γΪ˷֮еķ֮ǰСɷЩּķȤ
ҪһܽսԳΪ֮Ĵڡ
ĵطżҲδؾܳʲôöһιʥشϢ֮һ֧㳤ϣ˵ܵõķȻΪᱲһˣڲõδ֮λҲͷĪˡ
㳤㣬Ȼżر֣ǶȻд
Ȼ˿⣬һõϢ֣̾ͬŵе˶跨˻ȥ
رѳǾͬŵӣʵҲδؾͻЭʱֻǳӶѣع˭޷򿪣ЩӲգּ䵽Ǵʦ֣Щ²ӣЩǣԶ˳ˮ顣
ҲǷ˺ݾѸСɵĵӶƷܵõһ㳤˵Ȼû˭ʲôҲûеõƱػ£ӣҲ϶Ҫܵͷ
ӣǰ淢һ󣬺͵͵פ


613 
ɽ󣿡䲻ǰһǸһ˿Ц⡣
֪ռ䲻ô򵥣ھȻƾðһɳ϶йŹֵġ
һǿȻĬĬŵʵǿڹʥ֮Уȴ˷֣ɵء
ǲϳһԭΪʵǿһԭֻǻػʲôķֻⶫǸͷӲ
ػţЩеĶͬʵһ㡣ҲǱ֮ǰ̼ˣ϶ع϶һȴʲôҲûеõôϸĽܵģֻҸԼ϶ڷֵ档
ҵҪʲôһֱǱڹʥأȻô꣡ȻҲɵ
֮ǰѸɵĵӶǿи´Ѿʮֲ׵ľٶҲ˲Сɵ¹¹ΪҪĨɱһţǸǻЩС֮ͬġ
ЩСɶڵĶ֣ʧȥСɵ֧֣ҲһεľأųЦֻٴθԼһɡ
ŶΪףʥҲݾڣһû֪ɣҪһ̽ǵҲǺ顣
һ˴֮ǰĵϢҲһ˹ǰæԣǾֻܿˡ
Կɣ֪ɱ𣬶Ҫ𣿡俴ǰâתĻɽ󣬲ûеһʱ䶯֣ǰ˵ں͸ɶ֣ĨɱɣһжУɷˣ
ϴǱƲѲֻܻȥ󣬶ڱҪһ˵С
Ȼ϶з֣һŹЩˣԷ˳ӵذѷȻû飬ȻĻֻɱ˶ᱦˡ
һַЩˡŭԼʱٽɼԼһٰСɸиͨԷָЩСһЩʱС˵˶֮ǰҲ
ɴأ֮ǰȻʧһЩӣڵع֮ǱͰѵӵʧֲһЩҲû˭Ϊǰбˡ
ϾΪ˷ڵõͬʱеһЩҲǱȻģЩӣҲǵõĴˡ
ӿУǷȴһܳеġ
Ȼ֪ԲŻ뵽ְ취
Ȼ仰ʱеСɶԼͬվߣһɽ󴦽кظĻٲȻǰԼĸˡ
Ŀ΢΢ҡͷЩС֮޷չȻйϵԴȴĿ̫ڶǳˡ
һ仰Щͷ­ѪĿ꾹Ȼһδеǵɣһ죬Ե֮еκһСأ
ȻƴҲΪжгǿ򣬵ҲС˵²ֻһСɣСеҲδضǲһߣвл񾳵ǿߡ
ǵЩɣǹȻܽţҪɱЩڵͨӣǻǺ׵ģȥֻڵĵɽңֻڣǻʲôˣ
ĵȻҲСɣ飬ǸСҲ൱Σ
Сɶһ仰÷ӵϣŸԷһʶɣǵǴҶڶСɱȨԶվڡġһߣԺ󣬾ֻ˵ˣЩ˵
ȻҲ֪Щ˲ܴݵţΪֻһ֣ʱ򣬻һѾ뿪ˣЩˣǡǡЩڵˡ
ɽҲ֪ҹǲǾ棬ֻǱ֮ǰķ˵
ǰߣҪֹƻ󣬶ǺߣͻƵֻڣҲ޴ӵ֪ҹ䣬ֻþˡ
ɽâתⶼ쳣û˿𣬺ڸûһ
ɫȻڣֻԶ֣ǵˣˣȫ˷ͣ
ɱ
ƣ
ƣôĲƣ
СɵĵӳϣһǴ˼Ѫ㣬ʩչӰŻɽײȥ
طɲǸҵԪתɵĵӳȻΪδͨ죬ǼŸ𵤣л񾳵ĹԲһķֵܹġ
Ĺâ̾˻ɽһƬҲֻ˾޴Ƭ֮ûзһ㡣
ķ󣡡̾
С㣬ⷨӦòĬĬ֣ôڹʥأô궼ûб˷̶ֹЩɻ
ֹɣһƬط쳣Ҳ˹Ҳδ˷֣Щ֣Ҳ˵
΢üͷڹʥ棬䴫ͷ󣬶ʥصˣ඼Ѱҷڸ䷨δؾֵܷˣټϹʥѾ궼ûٹעˣԱ˺ҲǺģЩҪֻ֪ôˡ
͡
һЦ˳СǹңոСԪƣ㹻˵ӲȻػţһŽԪ֪滻ʲôߣһǲ˷ǸʯҿţϳС㣬ںܰȫС㻹ʲôɵĵġ
˵ĻҡͷһţӲӰ˵ô죿
ѽС㣬Ҳӵıֺֹҩܲ÷һǵĵػӡ֮ãҩƷ׵׵編󣬲˵ģѾ㹻˵ӵķ裬Աڳκһ˶ҪЩ˶ҵⷨ󣬺οӣһ۾ܿڣ̽ҪãΣյĻ϶ܿġ
ҲԻ֪ⷨȴҪӲȥ˿ûзɡ
ЦС㣬ںһ˼µСϱӵĶһ㣬ˣʱʯ
˵Ҳ˵ȥˣ˵ҹŵӦʯҹǡǡǡԭϣΪʯ̶ִ飬Ϊ˼δ֪Ļɽ˵пܣ
ˡ
ؿռ䶸Ȼһһ޴Ӱӡķ˿һ۾֪ϰϵӡŷѹȥ
ˣҲһ


614 Ⱥի
ǻ񾳣˶֪ȴ֪ʲô̶ȡ
ڵֵʱ򣬺ģڳĸҲˡ
ʩչ֮ͨȻǿ̶ֳȣʵǲģͬǻ񾳵ǿߣҲһУοЩûдﵽ񾳵ء
޴Ľӡ£ָָ̽ɽ棬ǿָ̬ҪǸɽҪܶ౶һָȥȻǻɽѹȥ
Ȼ֪Ƚϣһӡȷָ󣬻ɽȻһ죬ڲǿĳһ㡣
˳һ֮
ڴΪһ֮ܰ⻤ɽƵʱȴȵ
ܣͻȻƺһɽ󲢲յ㣬ǿ˴ƱػʵбʣָűԼĻǿɾͲ̫ˡ
ҪʵӦԺı仯̾ͳԷԸɵ˳֡
£˭ҲԼΪЩ˿ȫԼⲻǱ̬ѡ
ڲ֣һƵķǿ϶ûзݶȥˣҲδô㶼ǲʵġ
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Ȼһ⻤ɽڱָƣҲǷķΧŰϯš
ջָӡͷǰȥֻһƬǽıȴûзʲô쳣ԶƺǸɵڣǰȥɵҲٲȥ
ͻȻ䶸ȻסŲҪ˵ʱһһסͬ󲿷ָҲһ
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εӡƺղŻҪɼԪ̶ȡ
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ʮָãǰһգһž֮䱬һƬƼ뵶ѸԲ˼ٶչ
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ЩСѾԻǣҲ˵֮ǰķǲŲãǻ˼ҵĻɽ󣬾˼÷ԪǵԪҲֻ˵Ա
һȺɱ˼ҵڲڿ˵˼Һݶû취ˡ
˵òη俴ЩɹȻվһ𣬲ɵһЦ͵͵˽ţĪħڴˣݵڴ˷
ԪƺǰԶһƬȥûκη󣬵ǴҲ֪طʮֹ죬ٲСģֻԼǰȥ
ǲССţֵҲûʲôĶλӣ̧֣мһЩϵŮ֮С
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ŲǿҪ˵ûкöš㳤ϵĻһ֤ŵҲ㹻ĺģƬطҲһĳţôôͨ
ʵڲҳݣҲֻʣһʦһͽˣŶѾ㲻ϣӸһϢ֮أ󡣡ϸٴδ
ȻʶңǾ֤㲻ʲôɣΪǿռϹżװʲôɣйŭȵعĶǷǵߵģʵؽҿԸʦͽһ·ֻ·һ
֪ʲôعڣҲԺܾǰµĶȻڹʥظȴǿռˣϸٴν͵
˵Ǿ𣿡ЦʥѾǷһû˵ﻹдˣȻϹżǱɶлõôܱǶռ
ӻżĶӻǲһ˽ռżĶ񸾡
ʶĻǿ㽻һ֡
żǴҵģȻҪ̣񼫣
ռżҪƱ磬ӲҪǷϻѾˣֱȥǰɣ
ɵһһȴͲóȥ˵СŸˡ
Ѿһҧֻǹʥصżڱ޳ܵʦͽǿռˣͼƭǣǰżǲ顣
λȷڣҲûʲô취ϸΣеģҲֲЩҩɲݣǸλҪҿλժ
˭ҪʲôݣûʦʲôãҪǣҪռżˣ
ҩɲݣЩȻҲž޴ļֵȴȫҵθڣЩ֮󣬶Ǵҵģαص̫ʩôһ㣿
˸ոһ˵ֻһ˵ţֱ̫ˣֻҪ̧̧֣˭мܵˣ
ֻΪʲôڻأǶѾȲˡ
ˣϹżڣҲҶãصݵҲУˣкʸǿռϹżЦ
˵ã䣬ȻһΪҪĶΪضȥǾ;ְܶɣ˵ģ֮ǰǸϸһ൱Ůֻ֮ǰϸ˼⣬˿ûЭ˼ոǿƷԪȻ˵ˣѾϢˣȺիȻֻʣˣǲһսҪսǾͶְɣ
ʲô˵ոˣ
ɣһƾͰʲôԪˣôˣǰɣ
һȥǶԷһ֮ɫȴʲôҲû˵
ȷ˵ˣȴû뵽ŮӾȻܿһֱΪԼʾúܺá
Ⱥիİһ£ҹ˵ɣ֮ǰȥ̽ȴȫȻûϢû뵽ھȻһð˳
ʴȺիλǿʶҹˣļæʵ


615 
ʶҹŮӿ϶ҹᣬǲҹڲٶҪסˡ
θɣŮص
λҪᣬҹġѣ᣿˵㡣ļæ˵
ʶŮƺĬһ£漴ͶȻϵ߰ɣﲻôĵط
ȺիǸѾûĴȺիһ£ΪȺիҲһϵţ漴ֹЦǴȺիȻϣӵһ鶴츣أû䵽ڵĵز˵׻Ҫǿռѡ
Ƿֱ˵ŮȻƽ˿ûб棬ջҪһսβֱӶ֣ЩȺիΪеģЩ뿪ʡõʱ
һоŮڰʾϿߣԽˣԽֲܷܡԷ޹ʣαذʾȻŮӿ϶ᣬ˵ҹѣԲǣ
ҲʲôתͷȥСȥδӣ
ͲӷˡıھᣬͻȻö⣬ȻһЦ˵
һԷȷ̬ðա˭Ҳ֪ķʲô裬ҹȺիЩԨԴԸղźĶҹĽų̶˵׼Լȫ֣ԸȺիʱͻȻӱ͵Ϯ
ȻֻǸ𵤾вٵĸ֣Ȼʱûп񾳣ǾЩڹؼʱֵ̳ңҲ㹻ܵˡ
Ҫǻ˵ڣͻȻˣѵưͿͳȥˣ
ȻȻȺիڤ粻飬ֻôŸɽ̤ƽˡ
дһ̾
ҪһˣΪٲָܻò޸ϸԼ
վŮӵֵش˼Ц⡣
ɵˣˣʵҲڶ̶ʱȥʲô취ָϸ˼ֽ
Ҳ֪˵˭Ա֤ǷһУһԷһ·Ȼǰ˶У˼ʤ㣬ạִ̊́ǵȵ˭ݶֻбĽǣֻ·һ
ˡ
ӦһâϣϺ˫ǰһҾ̳֣һ£ȫʱ㻯񾳵Ϊмֻ
⻰˵òν󣬴Ȼһ£ȴ˿ŵĵز
Ѿˣ͵˻񾳣ԷͻҪСö࣬ʣҲǸ񾳣ܱǿȥ
Լ߻ôҲл񾳵ģȻֻʵǻ͵֣Ҳ㹻Ӧˡ
ҲڵһǶԷһ仰ҶˣԺôżˣ
޷˵ǰ̤һһ֮䣬̾͸оǰĹâھҵر仯ţҪݻһ޴ӵķ
֮ǰķ֮Ķ֪ɵķǿ󣬸ͲҵȴΣæƾһ֮ͨ
޴˫ӡҶѾʶӡȫ֣һɽҲ϶һӡ顣
һ˶ˣǾ޴ӡһӶǰ۷ĹâҲĴɢֻǿӡ֮Щâֶ֮ǰٶȺͲ裬ڲϵš
ͺһͨˣþȫˮдһȭȻˮĽһӣˮͻָκ˺
⵱ȻֻǴȷڻ񾳵ͨԺ֮ʱȴȻ𺳡
⵽ʲôڻûгεʱ򣬾ȻѾݱƻˣⲻ޵
󣬷ûвúãѾѲˣⷨһɵʱǻʲôƻ

֪ʲôطһȴĵһƬˣգ֮ѾӹԽӡʱӡӰ˲ɢİ׹ⷨѹȥֲͻȻֵˣ˭İ֡
Сᣬں֡ҹûг֣ȴԼ͸˹
硣Цˣûȥʲô
̧ͷĴţȴȵط֣Ȼ޷ҹںδ
һССĽ𵤾Ȼʶơ
ҹոǲ˹عȻŭʱ̶ûԼĿģֻҪȺիҿԲ͵Ҹͺ̻һӡ
ǡ֮УȫεҹǺЦ
Ѫ˵ô࣬ͻضԷ֡
Ȼǹعûʸ˼ҽ˵ʲô֮ĻҲȫƨһˡ
Ϊһ𣿡˿ֻֽˣķʽһ϶Է
ʵҲģոһжȻܸܵȷظܵ⻹ֻΪҹӲǼȫӳǵ׻ʲôӵ붼Ѫˡ
ӣҹûйҲûвмֻģѾٸԷ˵Ҳ֪ʲôٱҵģȻΪ֮£ƾʲôܴӳӷ󣬱ԸģҲȥʲô㿴ҵķҪõҲܹ⣬ڴӵݣȴҪò²ⷽʽʾᱦĿģ㲻̫𣿡
ŭ
ǲǷ֪ҪҵķȴʵҹȻȻûۿҴӹعõͲ϶ҵķԹعһҵķԹعƾʲôһҪ㣿˵ڱΪϹżһзӦ䣬ֻЩڼʣµģ˲Ҫȥ
۾һ˵ƽȴµġ
ΪһţݵĸСҲΪףЩҲǸԶ˭ĸھƴҲ˵ƿݵһС
֮ǰЩСɣӷѾǱƲѣð˺ܴķգ֮ǰҲ͵ġ
Ҫ˵еһжݣȴǲ˵ġȻܶڵ˶ģϣҪһ䣬ĵرе߾֮Ļ
Ȼ˭֪еߣе£ȭͷˡ
ҹĻȻֻһЩСɵĵҲţûʲôȨֻǰĿ䣬Ҫôá
ںģҹû£Ҳͷڸڶ飬仹ڣҹĻѾѶԷƵǽǣ˳ͻҲռһ֡
ҹѵͲܴȺի𣿡ͻȻЦ


616 㳤
ȺիӦðɣЦô˵ǿռʥϹżѾǱϵˣ㽫ǼңҿŹʦͽһǲȻĻǾֻܰչˡ
ô޷ѹңͿʼҪЮ𣿡ҹ˵ﲢûа㲨ѵΪõͻӹһ֪ҲûãȻѾⲻҪôҪأҪأ޷ǾҪ˭ʵǿȻǾʹɣ㻹ڵʲô
İЦÿһģ̳ģ˵ĿơոѾĪ˵ҹһصֻǵǰĴȺիǸҲ֪ʲôطʩչķҲô׶ԸģͿôѡɡ
ȻԥˣһԲƽʧЩСɵӣҲƽ˻ζԸȴòǵʤ⡣
ǴŴСɵˣ˶һŪ˲٣ҲûǲӰûˣҲ˵
ҹΪƾһ󣬾ܵסңԥһ£Ȼ˵ܵңﻹиǿΪȺիˣͿԵסǿ𣿡
סôҹʵ
סҲֲģӻ޷̤һ
㡭Ϊ𣿡ŭ
ǡȻһȴͬһʱش
Ѫӿ
ö⣬Ǹûһ˵˼άȻ֪סڣǲЭһ£Լ̸̸𣿿˷ûаⷽ˼ƣˣҲϱһӱżɣ
ãȻڤ粻飬ֻԸˣĬƬ֮ٿʱƽ
ܷڷĻʧȥĿɲǷôҹˣҪţ
뵽ʱѾҪôһ֮䣬һƱ顣
Ȼ֮䣬ռһƬ𶯣ʲôƿ˿ռһ
һӰֳ֮ӰߴأʵƻãԴһ֮̾ʹӰɢ仹Ҫǿѹ
ɵӻȻҲһӣΪ˵ݻԼʲôûأԭоǽ˰
䣬Ȼķٻҵķڹʥʲô鷳Ӱתͷȥ
㳤ϣһŮӣԳǴȺիĴˣµķ죬ʦͽ˰ռ˹ʥصϹżܣǳȫҲûбʤİգ㳤ǰƳħڡ
ȺիǸûС𣿾Ȼܵס𣿡㳤ϵӰһתǷ̾ӿ˾ҵĲƺĿһ㣬ףȷЩŵȻϷķҲ͸оȺիȻ𣿲̶ֳȵķ󣬼㣬ҲƾʵѹȻվʵ̫Щ
㳤ӢֻǴŮĻҲҾ㳤ϣҲ˲϶ӣֻŮӻһҹǺ̻ʦڹʥϹżһֻн𵤾ʵͨҲӣ˼л֮£ӺްգԲŶ㳤ϡ
ŶȻһصСӣ㳤΢΢һüͷĿĴɨȥֻʱ䣬һЦСӣ֮ѧòϷ򶼲ƭˣڹʥż֮ᷨʹݵڶţ˵ǼһǲȻĻƾóȻݶᱦڳһţȨء
ҪóʥһƬ֮أﱾϹżܱνĴȺիǿռ䵭Ȼز
ΧһƬţոջӵĻ˵ĺ
֮ͣ㳤ڲͣôҪҳֽ𣿵ʱֻҪҲˡ
ﱾڴȺիǲãҪǿռܶԡ֮͸
㳤ϣȺիΪУطȷҴȺիĴ֮أλ֮ǰܹˣָֻܻԻ̧֡ŴʱҲ˵
ûõģλų㳤ϵķ龳ǿߣŲߣԱ䣬һֳʱ򣬾ѾƻãҪȫɱͬЩСɵĵӳϣһҪӳȥһܾͲе֪ôŹأǲҪķѸԲŷųһնѡ
ţ㳤ϼֻһӰĿҲǿ˲Ҷӣ˿Ŀɭ˼㡣
Ųƣû뵽Ǹ͸СŮȻ涼û¶˼µһ
Ϊ𣿡㳤ϵȻϣΪǸСӣԸҴЩţֻܸ㣬ڶķ龳˵ǿҲҵ۾
˵һ̽ĳץȥҪʲôһ㡣
ɵĵӣ˵㳤ϴʱҲǸԳһȻ֮ǰûھãܡ
ŪôĶѾڶɲ˲ˣھǰ㳤ٻҲϴҪɱ˶ᱦҪȺիڵʵ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ뷨Ҳڶѣλ㳤ϣø˷ȺիһУ˵ϢٸشݳȥɱЩ˾õİ취˾˵Ǹżķװһʱ䣬Ҳû˿˵ʲô
֮ǰߵЩˣҲûж٣ǶûеعҲ֪ǲҲ²㳤ɱˡ
ôһܵصõһõһƬŵĶ츣أô붼һܻ顣
룬ҲҶ˵ʲôȻ㳤ڻû뷨һӱŭˣǣֻǶֵ̧Ĺ
ҶǿգֻһӰӱ㳤ϵֱ۴ﳶ˳Ȼһˡ
ҹ㳤ϵķ֮£㾹Ȼֱǲ֪ӵ龳ܿ͸һ㳤ϵ֮ܣƬռΣ̫ˣȻô򿪷󣡡
õȷǲ־һǺǡҹȻһЦ㳤ŵһһ֮ˡ
ɴۣƺǲǰһУȻܴ㳤ϵѣ
СӣȻϷƭ㳤ɫҲȥ


617 
ɵ˸𾪣ԭڷ龳ˣλ㳤ѹûץˣ
ҹʲôҲ˷ֻǸ𵤾ڶѣ˵㳤ϾǷҲһСָˣСӵôӹȥģ
û֪ʱҲǳ˼ʶԭ𵤾ôţٲǷ龳һ˵ġ
㳤ϹˣһЩ΢ĩͨҲͷһʹãóϼЦˡҹдǷλȴƮʱ޹任ŷ
뿪ҵȷ㣬ǼȻûߣ˵һ㻹Ų£㳤¶ЦȻգаһֱôȥΪûа취бƳ
㵱Ȼԣ̸һʽסҹ˵
ʲôף㳤һ£ǺܲϰֶԻķʽ
֮ǰҲ˵ֻҪҽǼͿԷŹȺիǣȴΪ֪ҴӦǻӶȺիһУ˵֮ռΪУҹƽ˵ţȴ̵ֻߣ˵Ľ׾ǣҿԽһ뱣֤䣬ڵˣٴȺի⣬ڳˣҪܣΣ
ŵùϷ𣿡㳤ϺǺЦ
Ųҹ̹׵
㳤ϱҭһ£ҹ˵ҿԶһѣոѾһУķ¼㳤ϳǲݣ޴½ߣܿͻ͵㳤ϲŵˣԼĳ棬ʱ㳤Ͽ϶Ҳմ⣬㳤ϲ뿴ɣ
в𣿡㳤ϸӲϲĶԻˣôǸ龳޴½ǿˣȻԼ׵Своǳ
ʵ̫ǿҲ²ߣ˵вҲԣҸӾһʽףҸո˵ģΪ˱֤ǵĽܹƽûˣһЩ׼ѡҹ
㳤ϳĬһ£ȻĵͷãҴӦ㡣
㳤ϲɰ̷ԡ
㳤ҪҪȻȺի˵пԻָĶǿ϶иöҪöҲȻˣǾһ١

׼ҪȰ㳤ϵʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵոҹʱǵһֻθҸ
䡭
ͷȥֻΧٴӿλζøҪʲô̮һ㡣
ವһһɫӰӿռﱻһڹȺի
ҹΪʸ̸𣿡㳤ϳ
һƬпԭո㳤ϲҪҹ̸ףʱ䣬Ŭ취ѶԷϳŲߵ㳤ϣôҪ
ϳҹ˿ѾûΪĽ˿ı仯һƵģһֱΪ㳤Ӧû뵽㳤ϻѣֱԭʼķѹһƬңܱƵ㳤ϵһҲӦøоˣǽͿ㳤ϣܲܽãͬȺիһѹҸұ֤ʱܵõģ϶һƬ棬ʲôã㳤ϵļ϶뵽һð취ģ磬СɵˣʾԼ޳ܣ뷨治㳤Ϻпܻɵġ
ˣСľսҹϹ˵ʲôʵأһ㳤Ϊ˷ֹڵӢй¶ȥܿİһĹ;̫ôˡ
㳤ϵĶȴһָоǾھԷҪҹ϶õȺիҲһõķ棬ôֻ࣬ˮһա
㳤ϡҲһ˼
Щ⶯ˣʲôҲòǵҹķȵ֮ҹǿռȺիҲ
ȻִԲ򣬱ϱڣħŲ㳤ϺͿһ㣬˼ûֱӾͶˡ
벻֪ҹɵҪЩԷ϶ǻҪӾ죬һάֵʱҲ޵ģ֮󣬻ʵ˼ֵʱȻѡ˽Է
ų㣬Ҳȫ˵ģ֮ǰ㵽λһǿУҲû뵽ǿоȻѲȻķ޷ȫƿء
ǸղԴֱͨӷѹһƬգȻҹķλҲ˵סطˡ
ڲͬˣҹѾ˴ȺիҲûߵϣڰСӳպ󻹲֪ɳôĳ̶ء
㳤ǰ̤һϷһץƬ̾ͷӿγһɾ޴ĺķҪɵ
Ȼɵ˰·ʱͻȻ˾޴龳ͨ޷ǰһЩڰţԽԽࡣ
㳤ҲΪ죬ȻֻһʵҲǻֵܵģȻһСŮµķ󶼶Ը
ΪҲõķ󣿡˿ûоţɼ˽㣬ʵ̧̫ˣķǧǰѾˣֻǡȫƿضѡ
δ䣬ͿȻ۳һӣ㳤ϻûзӦǵͻȻûһ㳯ķȥ
޴ޱȣǲϵط㳤ϵʱȴѸٵرСţ㳤ϸǰѾֻƴС
㳤ϵķɫȴ쳣أ˿Ҷ⡣
ʳָָһ׹뵶ٿصǵġ
䡭
޴ĳ㳤ϰֱϢ֮󣬲ָֻƽ
һĿ˼ֽңȷѾɢңʵվûȫƿոѾˣڣҲûκλᡣ
㳤ָſһֻħצȥκεĹӰֻȴ޴úסһ㣬ȥȻҲķֵܵġ
ף㳤һóֶΣǿ
ı仯㳤ȫȥᣬֻǽһѹȥҪ·һж촷ۡ
䡭
ῴͷϲ̮ķҲ¶˼εɫ磬㣬ⷨڻ޷ӳӣѾûлˡ
˵ʲôɵµľǱˡҹǺЦš
Ĩ˰ǵѪֹͣϢվո㳤ѹյʱ򣬻˲ơ
һ֣ǰһܹ٣ͨ巺ŹӵɫҸǽӽ͸էһȥͺûһ
ֻٵˣ


618 Ѫ
ǡҵһܹͨٷӦܷӳҹ̧ͷһ۲ϱŵķһʮָϡ

һɢ󣬳ѹӡ
ôҹ۵³һѪ
ͨصĶ𣿡ҲְѶĳ嶯ǿʵ
šҲܡҹ̫ȷ˵ؼҲʶ׶
Ц˳ؽǹϵԼǰҹһۣ磬㽫ھ׶
ҹҲѸٵذھ׶ᡣ
ֻĿ˼һ£ָȻһҡ

ҹʱĿ񱩣һȴԽڻγɣ̮ķҲȻͣ
ո㳤һѹµʱ򣬾ͺݣκζֵ˵һ㣬ڣ֮֮ܣһƸ
ǰһĻεĴ٣˵ܳɹɹˡ
ҹȴһûзеزÿһβңȴǰҪ֣ڣɫò԰
ɫײ԰ףԴ޴½֮Ҳ֪ʲôĽָˣڵĺ֮ҲɢɫҲָһ˿Ѫɫ
ڣһ˿Ѫɫʧȡ֮ǸǰһĲ԰ף֮ǰҪӲ԰ס
УҪçײҹæš
Ҳ֪һ飬ֹͣ˵ͬʱѾͳʯָһţеȫɵڣȻһ֣ȫڡ
ɫһЩҹһæּ˸ʯһʱԣʯѳСɽ
΢΢һ£˶û˵ֻĬĬŸ
Ѿ֮ǰǰͣͬ丵СϪѾ۳ϵĽӣֻһ̾Ƿơ
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
ָѾ˵ӰɫҲضǻ˵УڴȺի֮⣬ţ۳һ޴ķУмֱָ㳤ϡ
ǿ㳤ҲһĻһ
һϯ̶ȻûУһ֮
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ѾŭŴҲЩǱȻոһζӣûбܿΪûмʱֵͱķ˵
ΪϷҾҪҲҪСնɱڴˡ㳤ŭˡ
ŭˣһҲǷ龳ĸ֣񾳶ȲϣھȻ񾳶СƵ̶ֳȣ㶼㲻㳤ϵͷǶ鵽Ѽˡ
ֻڿһϣ߷ֿһۣжʱһѽⱦ
ȥ㳤ϴһٿȻ䣬ȥ
ⱦС֮䣬ռǱ˺һӣһѷڱȥϿ·ҪնƵһ㡣
ܵһ֮£еصơ
ָ쳣أ·ÿһ£ҪķѾ޴һ㡣
ҹɫ΢䣬ۿ󵹾æֹСᣬͣ
֪˵ûõģ˲Σգֲܲ˵Ǽܹץȥ

ұҹס޴֮ûҹอ
һӴӸոյķоѹ硭
ҹ̧ͷʧȥػ֮ǰ̮ûҪķ̾һ龳ǿ󣬾ķһսôܿһΣȺիҲزסˡ
ȺիʵҲûֵ̫֮ǰҲֻǲֵʦеĻҵѣزסҲˣѾǳлܳ̾ϢֻվҪܿһΣлȥĻᰡ
ҹһۣҲû˵ʲô̫ŴȺիûбмֵĶҲûгȥΪʲô֮ǰʵϣ䣬Ǹ㳤ϣһֵεˣǴһʼͷȺիԷҲδؾͻŹˡ
˵ʲôѾˣֻ뾡취βܵԷһƣûκλˡ
ҹԼвٵʯĬĬ׼ҪһǴˡ
ʯѾʹˣƾʮʯһȫ֮Լ֪жԸһѾľ޴㳤ϷӦûǿԵġ
֣Ѿٴζˣָһӫ⣬ֻһ㣬ӯ쳣֮лţǻһΪӵķ
ҹǷĹ켣ͻȻͬһ㣬ָҲһâͬԼٶ֮л
һ£ȵط˵ķȻͬȴּơ
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ֻ˵һԲΣм룬˾ǸԼһ룬ʱ̣ͿԻָһ޴Բһ㡣
ĶӯƮݣǷ֮ϵϢҲʱܷҹǱߣȻٶҲ൱Ѹ٣ǿȥȴԵضʵһּ᲻Ƶĸо
ҲҹĶ΢΢һ£еķȴûаͣȻ֮ǰһѸٵš
˵ǰԳһɹâɵķ˷ͼڲϵм俿£κ˶ܿó˻Ĳһ壬ֻҪ˶ˣͻںϵһ
Ϭһ㣬˶Ȼָ̧ͣ⣬һӫ⣬ҹȥҹûпҲָ
ˡ
˵ָûָĹâѾ궯ҡҷţҪ˵ָ⣬ű˴˷ȥһ
˵ܣȻһϣһ޴ӣǶС
ӻڲϵر󣬺һ㡣
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Ⱥիһ󳹵̮㳤Ǳ۳ıҹ˵Ľִ
ꡭ
Ҳ֪ǱƵʱĹѱĿǣ֮ڱŸոһ˽ֵ˲䣬ѾѸٵڻɢ
ſĿɿڴǷ龳񽣰Ȼ
㳤߳ŭʳָ𣬴һŽַ˶ָϹâڵسŽֵ
޴ҵĹâʱѽֳôѡûãѶɢ㳤һָȴѾߣҲӰ֡
úúãܽϷķƵ̶ֳȣȷǾ֮ţȻˣϷ;ٻϡ㳤ջָͻȻԼĿڵȥ
ۡ
һѪ㳤ϵƽ죬Ԫһ֮䣬ƱѪȶ졣


619 
ҲǱʵһ֣ʧˣҲǱ޴ʧ㳤ϵķȻҪѪΪۣʩչϵͨȻѾƴ߷ҪҲҪҹնɱˡ
ɵĵȻ֪ԷҪʲôҲó㳤Ҫƴˡ
𵤾ǸŮӿȥ𵤾ܽ㳤ⷵǿߵķƵƴĵزԷ˵ģѾ㹻֤˵ˡ
ҹƣЩ˶뵽ŮǸĸʲô
Ȼͷڵʯ֮˸ȥ˭Ҳȥ棬Ϊһ̣㳤ϵѪӡѾȼſƿջپĻŽȥ
ǽֱѾƴٱһģȻǳ׷³
һ̣ҹҲˣǱңңԵָٴǰָഥֻȻȻյһ
ˡ
ΪģǱѾҪĽӣǱעµһ㣬֮ǰƷ׷ۿɼٶ޸գۼ
⾿ʲô󣿡㳤֪ԼȻ紫˵ǰ㣬ۼţ»мܸᲢ۵ġ
һ̣ȴǰ˺ϳɵķȫʶĸо
ϵķǧǧ˵һЩ΢ĩСʶ˵ûҲ־ǲʶ㳤ϵı£Ҳһ۾Ϳ䱾ʡ
ҹʩչķȻִǳ෴ⷨߵĳ̶ȡ
˵¼ķûмʶҲһţǰķȴӡûУؼķһ㡣
ȹ龪ȣµĶȴһȻͳŽٴȥ
Ѫɫ滹ûѹϽֵʱѾһɾ޴ϢԶԶɵӶòٴԶȥ
Ľλãǻξ޴ѹ
ֻζܲ˾޴
Ҳ⣬Ƿ죬ҹҲŲǽ𵤾Ϊ˿̸ǲ۷壬㳤֮Ϊ࣬ʵǲһݡ
ܳŵֵزѾǾ֮ˣܿⷵ龳Ǽֱ졣
硭תͷȥĴ˼Ρ
ҹ׶Է˼һЦûϵ绹дûء
һӣɽʯҹȡ˳ֻ㳤Ϲƽֵһ̣һŮɢףһ¡
мְգҹҲ̫Ǵ˿Ѿ˲ôˣҲҪƴһ²֪
ҲСƤЦһ¡
ãҹü
ðɡͷǹɵ˵
ûһţֻһܼ򵥵⣬Ͳֵȥ̫һ㡣
ѽﻹһ֧ѩ⡣
ҧһڡ
ҧٸԡ
Ǻðɡ
㳤ԵߣõĶԻҲһֱӵĸо˿Ϊ滹˲˼֡
ˡ
ڻ潫ҪƿգѹڽʱǰĿռͻȻѿһ϶϶󣬴оȻƮ˸޴ޱȵķɴ
㳤һǻƲסҾ޴ķɴϡ
ۡ
㳤絯һɣʩչƯѪɽʽǧٶȵĸѶ󵹾ȥ
찡ҿʲôǡǡ
Ǵ˵е𣿡
϶ǣҲûֳǸҹ죬ĪǴ˵Ǹصŵӣ
ɵĵӶڷ׷ţҲɫá
ոյʱҲǽ֣´ЩˣҪԸǻԴպһ£ɶԸ㳤ϵĻһҲ˿Ŀܡ
óȻҹǲȲ˶ԷЩ˶
ҹ֪ڵ˸̻ɾ޴Ĵ֮⣬ȥκεĽֻܰš
۳ֵһ˲䣬Ҳ֣ҹΪҹ϶ŵĵӡ
ʵĵϣҹǣǶԷǰƭŵػҹͲκεΣˡ
ʲôˣ㳤ѹŻڵѪǾ޴Լͬһķɴҧʵ
ʵҲ˴𰸣ЩСɵ˵³˴˵еţ˭Ǵ˵һӴ취
һ޶ֻۣǶһ޶ڲٿˡ
㳤һɬƴȫҪҹǸŮӸɱû뵽ԼⱾĳ̶ȣȴð˳ƫƫʱңҪȰôȥˣ
⻰Ҳֻ︹һ£ӵ۵ţ޴½أҲǴ˵ǿһš
ܶ˵ǿ̸ֻΪźٳ֣ʱ򼸰궼δػһΣԺܶʱ򣬴ҶΪصǲڣֻѾ뿪ˡ
ֻҪţ˵ۣҲÿ˶֪ģΪǾһ˵Ϊһֱ˵еĴڣڴǿҪ
㳤Ҳ⣬Ϊ̶ֳȵˣףÿһΣ޴½ǿΪϿɵġ
УеҲŴмǧ꣬ʲôʱΪ˴˵ȴû˵ˡ
ԭڵ㳤ϣִ飬ոռھˣ֮㳤ϼ¡޴ڣһȻǸ䲢Ů
㳤Ҳû뵽Է˵˿ᣬҲ˿ҵӵԭŴݣʧԶӭ֪Ŵ˴кָ̣
㳤ôͿأŮж˼Ц⣬Ѿ˵˴Ϊ˾ˣȻΪҹҹػ֮ˣ㳤ϸ̧֣Ҳ
ػ֮ˣҿɰһ仰ҹ޴½ͿԺˡ
λС˵Ļַ̧̧ŹɣȻĻҺģôֻܿѾˣ
Ҳһ󼤶ȵǣҹȻĲŵӣΪǸ˵ģҹҪػˣҹǲŸո̤޴½ȻٶȿһЩƾʲôܵŵĿأȻ֣صذڳ̬ػ
¡ֻһᣬȻҹܵػڵѣ¸ոЩɴ顭¼¡㳤ϱҪжԷ˻ȥ
ã鲻Ҳ飬Ȼ㳤ܽ賤֮ڴȥŽػҹʮ꣬ʮ֮Уҹ֮£ͻڴλһǸ


620 ֮
˵еĳشţȻǲͬ죬˼˵˵˺պĳͻǰǸʵǱ˼¡
ǡͻˣеӵ˶λС˼
Ҫػҹʮ꣬ʮòҪǷַӾŪǣ飬Ǻܲ˼ǸŪģǲẬġ
һס㳤ƵҪʮѪȴӦš
龳ǿߣ޴½ѾǶǿˣ۵ʱû˿İԴұֳ
ٴɽһ۴Ҫѹʲô񾳣϶ˣ龳Ҳˣ϶顣
û۵ʱ㳤ϾѾⶫǿ󣬵ڼ֮Եˣⶫǿ
ãʮֿĵӣ֮ʱ˵޴½ǿ߶̫˵׼ʮᣬӿȥòˡ
㳤棬⻰ڿ佱Ϊʲô佱ôֲʮᣬȥȻʲôǡ־Ѿ˵ˣѾжݣҪʮΣ
㳤ϣ˲СԻָˣЩȥɡٴοڣǹе˵
㳤ٴ棬ĺܹ֪ķ˺֮ѾԻָĳ̶ȣȥԻָˣƨãֱ˵û¶
лͻȥ㳤ϿһۣɫӵشչˣŶǻȥˡ
һΣԼҲĵˣҺƺҲôһСɫһﵹú˳
ڸɵĵǣǵûиҹֱʲôͻȻҪ˴Ⱥի˼Ҳһֱ׶ΣûоʵʩҲûô£һΧ￴ۣ⴫˵еĴڣʲô
ҹɷһ𣿡ٴ˵ʱĿѾ䵽ҹϡ
ֻɢȥҹǰ̧ͷҾ޴ķɴʲôô
ۡ
Ѫʵصһ
һ޳ܣ˼Ҹով㣬Ҫػʮ꣬ôҲ˵ллɣһŮ񻹲ȷŮⲻǹؼ˼㵽˵Ƕ飬㾹ȻҿҪô
֮󣬶ȻʧˣûһЦ
鿴ȥȥһ飬ˣǺܶ飬ҹɣ
ֹŹֵͷһʱÿ˵ﶼ
ʱһҹԥǵȥ漴͸оһεĸһĿռ
۵ڲĺһҾ޴ִĴգԵøأûиʽִװǽϵʵ⡣
һµķʽƱţϸĹ۲죬ͻᷢǾͷ·һֹɣŵԴķ
ҹֻۣƿ۾ĿһλŵŶɫȹȥֻʮŮȥ
˿طԻҹǸͨ˺ܲͬءһ֪Ǹոյ顣
ֻܾ鲢飬ӣҹã̫ˡ
ĽСúƯҪ˵Ưȴһʱ벻ٷֲȻªҲʮͨƫƫһûɫʱ˸оǳƯˡ
ıºͣº벻֣Ȼʱʱģַһ˿ƤֻӵԵøӿɰ
ʲô˵ŵִ£һɰС
ֻǾãڻôط򣬿˶ûôѡҹ̹ȻЦ
ţ˵öԣڵΪȷô࣬һ£ܶ˶ܲջ֪òȴƴسԣǺ˲ءʮֳݵ˵
Ϊ˿ҼɣҹʵΪʲôҪңҪگ£ػʮ꣬Ҫʲô
һΪһͻҪôأЦ
ô˵ֻҪ֪һûкôҲûе飬ҲֻΪһʱ棬һҹĿƵ
Ĳ֪Щͷǣ춼˵Щʲô֮ģˡЩͷӡƺЩͷ
ҹɻ
ðɣҳϣǱģΪҵʵֲ̫ס棬ô飬ǲע⣬͵͵һˣҲû˿Ըˡ鿪ĵЦš
ҹһͷߣҿҲһ¶Ҫ㱣ˣȻ϶ᱻġ
֪ԼʵУǳ飬ȻҪ͵͵˹ҪҪôӰ
ʵôˣȻʵ̫ǿղǸӵķ龳ٶ༸ʮҵĶءǿҹĵģ̾ͽ͵
ҪңûʲôҪ𣿡ҹʵ
ҵǰŪˣţҪһʬ壬ʲô֮ġǳ׵
ҹȻһüͷǱҵֻ˵Ǹˡ
𰡣ҵһһʧܵģȻԺҲҳˡ
Ҫֱ˵ĹĻ㻹Ǹ´λ߶ϵĺáҹصͷ
ˣ϶ҵ˼ˣֵҪ֮ʬ壬ػ㿪һҪ飬ԣǸͷ˵ģΪҪ
ҹͷһЩŵ˵˵Ҫ֮Ϊ˰ң
ǰδ֮㶼֮ˣŻر֮£һߵôŪֶ֮˵ļ󣬼Ȼˣǿ϶ҪȻˣҲѾ֪ˣ֮⣬ѾǾŽʦҲѽһû˾ȻģΪ޴½ҲҲܽ˸ɲݡεĻǺţΪڲֵƤ״̬˵ˡ
˵ʵҲȷǾ֮ˣֻǸּƶ֮ˣԲŻȣҲΪԭǲŻػʮ꣬𣿡ҹʵ
ţҲô˵ɣϣѾܿ϶ˣŶǿ϶ǣֻΪѣΪЩˣΪϵһģ֮˵ݣΪڡ˵
ǲ֮˶ҹæʵ


621 ˭
ҹν֮˵˵̾£ߵ˶֮˵ĻǾ֤Ҷǰȫġ
ԭ˵֮һ㲻ҲųˣʹĻһһµ֮ˡ
ȥԭǿԻİҲô׶
ǲŻػʮˣȻ֮ˣе֮ˣΪģΪѾͻԽ࣬ΪеҲǱ鲼ǣΪ˷ֹһЩķǲػ㣬ʮɳԳеĵزʱѾҪҪ˵ıˣţˡŽ͵
ûгɳֵزأҹʡ
Ǿ֤ЩͷˣһʮҪȥһˣֱ֮˳ΪֹЦţֿʮˣϣ㲻֮˰
ȿȡҹһԣҺν֮˲ôð򻹲ڵ
İɣʮ꣬һᱣģ˵ġ
ҹһûղǶλ߻һ˵ˣ˵һʱֵģѾͷΪ˶ʮ꣬ԾڷҹҲӲͷƤǣȥ
£᲻ôĵȥǾͲһˡѾͷֳֵӣ˵ҹڵڶˣҲʮ꣬Ȼȥһˡ
ұһᾡģ˵ҵʵȻôҲǷ۷徳ȲЩͷ޴½ϣûмҵĶֵģټۣԻܰȫġ۾ʮһ۾ܿҹЩʲôʱ˵ЩʱĿĻ
۷壿ҹҲһ£ӱԼҪСö࣬û뵽ΪȻѾôˡǷ۷Ļ޴½ȷû̫Ķ֡
˵ΪЩͬĶ˭ҹٴʵ֪ġ
ţкܶˣ֮һһʯͷĸĪСҲǣСѽ˵ͻȻһЩǲ˵ģй©
Ѿ©ô࣬Ҳˣҹ
вУԭƶȵġԴҡǲ˹һ
ҹ̾˿תĴţ棬ûĹ󣿡
Ȼˣ빥˭㣬һܰ۸úܲң۾ž
ҪԼȥһ£ݵķ󣬻᲻Ҹ֤һԼǲ˵ҹ
ˣ֮ˣôԼҲ϶̵ġŰҹס
Ҫ˻ôҹʵ
ҪˣЩͷӾͻ֪Ȼǿа۸ϻȥҾˡץ
ôɵķ龳ԼʱȻһԼֻڸпԼˣ
ҹĿȴҲﵽˣ֪Լϵĵ⣬Ǿͺ˵ˡ
㻹ǹԹ԰֪ĶҰɣȻҿɲұ֤һģȥɱҹοԷ
㡭ץԼͷôô۸ң
㵽˵ǲ˵ҹ룬ԼȥвˣҲǿˡ
вУ黹ǲϵҡͷ漴ԥˣҪٸһ
ĸ
У̫ˣ
һ
вУֻٱңҾͿ޸㿴龳
ɲ˵˵ѣһ˫۾̾Ͳˮʱһ
Ǻðɣ˵˭ҹֻһ
ţһٻһõЩˡ鵹Ҳʹ죬̰˵˵֡
ҹЩˣû뵽֣Ȼǡ
õ綼û룬ȻҲ֮ˣպҲǻ޴½ģȻһʱҲʲôѡ
ٻˣֻû뵽Ҳ֮һ
Ҫǣȫû뵽ģ֪ǲߡ
ǺǣŮ̫ллЩˡҹֺõ
ˣֻҪȥҺú꣬Ҿͺܸлˡε˵
ȻȻ˵ǣܲٸҹû˵ͱˡ
вУҲ˵ˣҪǶ˵Щͷӻɱҵġٴοô㣬㲻ẦҰɣ
ҹһʱΪˣҲϲǿȱ˵ˣ仹СŮ
û꣬еģͻȻǰһŴȵˣ㲻øЩ֮ˡ
ġ˿
ҹǺǵصͷֻҪЩ˲Ǿͺˡ
ʱˣ찡ô಻ǵˣʮһֱ˵˵꣬㲻֮ˣЩϼһҵİɣ
ˣҿɲôˣֻҪңˣûвߵģҹеʵ
ĸ˲ǣĸǣ𣿡鷭ŰƵ
Ū󣬻Ҫе֮˸һ
㲻ΥǵԭҹЦ
̾˿ΪʮļڣðɣҾ͸㣬᲻ǡ
ҹһˣ˰ʵ㡭ȷôܲǣ
ǾͲǣɲܹ涨ģЩص᲻ǣһİ׳Ϊߵ㾡Ҫߵ̫źá
ûɣСҵðҹӲˡ
ף԰ѵЩͷˣ֪Ϣ棬ȷûҲЩãˣżʱߵϢݣҲʱٵģϢģЩСͺˡ
ҹ
ߵ˵׶ִ󶼿֣ܳҹǲϣе֮ϵġ
תתҹ뵽һ⣺ˣ֮֮⣬һûлҲûȫȥһҲΣҲΣҲκˡ
ǲеģⲻϹأ˵ҪһҪܸӵĳ򣬻кܶǿɲݺĶ˵ôףĻǴҶԲ𣿡ıЩˡ
ҹа취һתͷո˵Ǹ޴ĹĶأȥԿܼܳ¡
棬һ̫޳ˣҵһ˵֮̾ƴץŲţһһֱ飬ԺӣĲùˡ
ðɣֻһΣɲܼʲô˶ϹҾȣȻҾǱͷץȥҲٰˡ߷˵
ȻҾ֪Ưĵˡҹά


622 ص׵Ů
ҹҲûŪףȥţ֮ˣҪȥʲôġ
޴ķɴȥǱһӰһ㣬ҹŰ͸ɣȻûиǾ֤͸ʹҪ
⻰ƿڣҲЩȻʲôҲû˵ǾôŰɡ
磬һۣЩʵΪʲôΪǳͷ
˵ʲô֮ˣҲ̫⣬εǰһæҲûлҹʼȷ뷨ǰҲˣ˵ǿ԰ǽǽΪЩ飬Ҳֵõġ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷȻûмʥ꣬Ҳһ֪֮ҵ壬Ǹֵøȥȵˡ
ˡ
ʲôӦͻȻ⣬һصѤʵĹâ
ȥ߽ۿֻһ¿еҲ֪ǾԲһͨĶ
һˣ
ܶ̾ͷ
֮ǰһֱ˵ҹһҹõǼܹ٣ȥȷǷͬСɣȻ龳ǿ߶ҪƲˡȻֻһҲ㹻˵Ǽܹٵ
ҵȻҪ֪õ˻鷳ҲֹԼ˼
ҹǱ߶ǲˣŻţҹȥұ˵鷳ҶӦ͵ˣҪȥҹ⣬ǾҪǰ֪Լļһ찡
ķͲͬˣĵرе߾֮ҹֻҪԷͻҪ̾ת·Ҳ˵ʲôǣ
˵ǻҹû˵ҹ͵˱ᰡ
˼ˣ̾һѷسŹâ֮˹ȥ
ҹҲȵؿǸ򣺡СᣬȺիʲôͷܹپǴӵعҵģͲǷƷֻƺҪԪھȻֳһƺܹһ
ȺիʵǹʥصĴУشҹĲᣬһֱûô˵ţֻʥû֮󣬴ȺիҲԽԽԼĴˡ
ô˵ߣҲ֪ȺիΧôķˣȻΪʲôôԼû䣬ҲûдЩ⣿ҹʵ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ô˵ЩǴȺիģʥصĴвһɣǴȺիˣ֪ﾹȻӡ֮ķ
ô˵ЩӦöڹʥصģڳˣ㲻ȥ𣿡ҹЩâȥǣŵ
ſЦһ£˵ЦˣǴȺիҵҲûˣƾһӣĶʲôʵȥǷҴȺիģҲȥοȺիûйЩļأ͸ΪһķȥǴˡ
Ǻǣҷ֮󣬵ñﻹҪǫˡҹЦ
磬ΪҴȺիվֻһʱǣû뵽֮ڵĵӶѾɢ⣬ֻһˣСȰңѾʧȥģһ˻صʥص֮أչصԼʱΪֹˡ
СڣȺիӦûзһ졣ҹ
ӴˣȺիֻǹʥصһ֧УСȴǹʥصĴˣҴȺի֮ǰҵĵӣֻǲͶѣʵûʸСʦģοС͵õˡΧһ£ûˣſڼõ˵ĴУǲǹʥֻҪ⹦ʧʥվ˼䣬ҴȺիʱ𣬶̫Ҫ
ˣҲȥǱ߿ɣǲȥոҲáҹתͷ˿ᣬһĵȻЦ˵
ӳֵĻӦûм˸Ҹͻ֮ǰû߽ҹǰ˵
ôûȥҹʵ
̻˶ȥˣǵʵҪǿȻû⣬ȥҲûа취Ц
˿ҲǷ֮ǰҹվȴһòϣںˣ֮ǰƿҹްڵվҲҰҹôˣһ֢ûУʵ
˵ʮ֮󣬺ĸӲ⡣
ڵҹ֣Ѿܸ龳⣬ȻԶԶ磬˵ʵ֮ǿʮ֮أҹ֮ܣ˭Ԥʮ֮ʲôΪ
õģʮҹȫҸطǱޣ׼վ֮С
ڴģʮ֮ҹվ綥ˣЦ·Ʊãκ˶ܳΪ
һȥɣȻһҪȥҲ뿴ڹعﵽֳʲôöҹЦЦһŹâĵطƮȥ
ʱǵطѾΧˣЩҲųҹûзӦʱһٰǷߣǾͲڸҹͻˡ
ǴʱԶԶҹҪǲɵһʧȻϾˣ˭ãķǵõĻҲˡ
֮ǰڵѾǲҶκͷοڣڶδǵš
Ȼһζӵѿһ϶ӾҵĹâǷ϶͸
âֻȻӾһ£þͰȥ
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ҹ֮ǰһڴҹǼ֪ߵģһȴƣȻ֮ǰһŶԡ
ˡҲ֪˭˵
Ļδ䣬ͿһĨɫӵص׷϶зȻһӰ
ſǼ㲻뿪˱ܵغ仰ȫûǶԷû
֮ˣǱǵġ˵쳣һŮӡ
Ů˼ʣ˷񣬽ڰ͹޵ģǱɫĳȹڵţҲ·𶼵סĿһ㡣һɴ˭һۿóһɱ˾ɫŮӡ
µ˶ˣҲֻһ˲ʧ̾˷Ӧ׷Ůӳ֡
ƯŮˣǴ˿Ҳ飬ϾŮôԼոŮȴ˵ˣֻҪǷɾԼˡ
Լһûаգеˣ𵤾٣Ҳȱһ֣Ůûл֮ʱ˲Ȼٶǰʧ⻹ġ
һĹâ欵ŮӿȥԷǰȴһĻĻһţ˵Ĺ˽ȥûз


623 αŽ׽Ԫ
ҹŮ˵ʱѾȫ֣ҪֹҲѾˡ
һȹųȻ˵ĹʱҹҲһⲻǷĳʩչͨ
˶𵤾ż񾳵ĹֵˣҲӦǷ龳У޴½ϣĸ龳ְ
ҹɻţͼǹֻһţ֮ǰЩһ𲻼ˣǴûгֹһ
ӣ벻ɫȹŮӲûоȣƺһжȻȻģʱתͷҹ΢΢ͷ
ȥ˸ҹȻʶģֲǵĹЧҹǰ֪ŵλܣԸոô๥֮£ݶûдô߰
̻񾳣ҲЩʧҹ֣ڵˣ̻ɻʵһƣҹ֣Ůҹѣǿɾûκϣˡ
ЩȻԺ̻ᣬǴһģҹͺ̻ĹϵҲ̫˽⣬ҹı£ǿСҹĹϵӦǲϵƷ׵ķǿɲһϵþͿԹġ
ҹ޷⣬ҲֻԼС㣬ͽκˡ
Ҳ벻㾹Ȼѵ㡭鶼𣿡ҹЩֵʵ
ǰɫŮӣһͷͷӵĻĵӣĿı£һİˣҲһ۾ϳԷݣοҹҲǹѵˡ
ȷѾƽˣԼԸĶĿ˸һ£źĺȥλ𣿡
ţҹɻһ£ʶʵ˭һЦᣬһǺ̻ĴСģҵѣ⣬һûҵ
Ķһ£û뵽ɫŮӣȻҹӣԼûвһ֮ǰҪЩ
΢΢һ֮ƽһҵģһ㣬ոﲻãҵǸˡ
Ŷ˵Ǹˣҹʵ
ǰĶȻһЦոһҵµģñ˺ҡ
ȷǺҹͷո֮ͨȷһʩչóģȡ
ţ˵öǧʺҵķԾͽ͵ĶĿϵĹ棬ħҲǺķǧǲµĴڣӿһҪá
Ǹ֪治١ҹЦҲ²ţ⵽һʲô
ǰ֪Ǻܶ࣬Ķҹһۣһ£Ͳˣǡڣ
ڣҹȭ
Ķνȥڻ˿УֻƬ̾Ѿȫˡ
ʵûôǿӦǽǧʩչĳͨʶǿ˵ͨҲֻʤޡյ
ҹܸоõĶǴԽգֻԼ濴ȥʧһʵѰٶ뿪ˡ
ϲ㣿ͻأʵ
ҹתͷҲҵһѣǺǣΪʲô뷨û˵ΪҪһϲˣӦѾҵˣǸȡöǧ顣
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʲô˼Ҳû¡
磬ҪȥأͻȻʵ
ҹûлش𣬷תͷȥǱ߻գǵȴǧðһĸɵӣǲٵˣѾˣҾб´ǧ𣿡
ɵĵӶһʧذ̾
ҹ˵öԣȻ֪˸ղųֵĲţǺ˵ֵ֮ͨܵġҹ֣һòǼԼȥҲûκεˡ
ӣ֮ǰ£иҹȭȻѸٵʧˡ
ʵҲ֪ûеҹֻһ£ʲôСöԷòʹģҲ͹ȥˣûҪԼĵصš
һͷģ˶ҹһȻҲƵӳط
֮ô죬һǲҹһ뵽ԷŴţǾĪѹ߾治ٿʥٳʲôˡ
ȻЩǿһۣҲҫһ£ⶫö˿ɾͲǸζˡǽ죬ѾſֻܸɿһۣëһҪٳһҹɴ໹֮۲Ĳĺá
ӿһսˡЦ
СȻȫһ飬ܿͻᴫݣҹԽ𵤾Ϊս㳤Ƿ龳ܣܴ᲻ܣٽҹûб򵹣ս㹻ˡ
ο֮ų֣ΪҹޱȼʵĴɽҹĻǾˡ
ЩģҲδؿסһлԼøʵһЩҹҲû̫ȥϸڡ
ĺЩˣ̶֮⣬ҹ̫װˣŵĻסĻĵĩˡ
Ҳҹȥŵã治֪ôͿСӵġ
ҹȻҲЩ˱飬ֻһ֮䣬Ѿ˶˳
ҹ硣һ֣ҹٺһЦл˶Ϊء
лӡӥɵӣһҹ
ҪûҹôǶǸ棬ǳеʱҲΪԼˣû뵽ڻܼһΪûˣʵ֮ˡ
֪ŻҾͲðǲˣҲãЩ˻ȥ֮󣬺úܲע⣬ҲǺ顣ҹЦЦӻһƿӣӸ˸
ʲôƿӻ˻Σװŵǵҩ֮Ķ
ŽԪѡҹЦЦΪҲŽԪȥ֮ԺúãгĻһ£ͻ˽𵤾Ǻ񾳽
ҹ磬ԪòƳһž͹˰ɣԥ
Ԫһֻܳһεĵҩûͻƽ𵤾ٳҲͲˣҹȴһӸţ˼ѵñҲԣ
ɽԪʲôҹеҩʦֵܹϵȴҲΪҪҹĽԪ
ţͨĽԪȷֻܳһΣЩԪαŽ׵ҩԾһûͻƣҲᵱǸԪãٳһŵʱ򻹻õġҹͷ
αŽף̻˶ɻˣŽ׾;Žףô˸αŽأ


624 ҹ֮ŵ
Ž׵ҩûע⵽ǰǸ֣һʱⶫǺֵǮ
ֵǮǾŽ׵ҩĻֵǮݵģ̻һ˿ȥɫЩƣҹȻСѣҲòһ£Ԫֶ֪ûоŽ׵ҩΪŽʦͲȥĽԪ˵ľŽ׽Ԫʮа˾Ǳƭ
ȡļæһ£˵˵תҹǸӲҪ⣬λʦҲʦ֪һ顣
С˼ǣλΪʦЩɻ벻Ļרȥͣ漴ҹ˵Ҳʦ
Ӳʦһʱ˲¶ʮžŽ׽ԪһѾһδ˵һ̫Զʦ֪Ҳԭæ
磬ʦȻ
ǰʱҹûҩ鶼ڣҹҡһ䣬ͳ˾ŽʦҲǿһ
մЩԪĹѡҹЦŵ
⵹ģ׵ԪĻƾ̶ȣǲôʹﵽŽףͷǲҲȥŽҲǳ¶
Žʦʦ˶ʯˡ
ǰζҪһ´˵еľŽʦǾڸղţȻŭǰľŽʦ˵Է֪ƭˣ찡װ˰ɣҪطȥˡ
ЩǾŽ׽ԪҲţȻ֪ҹܱ̬ûȻ̬ѾҪͻˡ
Ҳ˵ôαŽסҹٴ
ҡʦֻҪ׽ٵĵҩǾŽƷʣʦΪ˵ҩαŽףαִӺζʦҲһѧ֮ˣҹûй˼ʵԼ֪𰸵⣬ӲͷƤˡ
ܼ򵥰ҹҲûȥ飬ΪԪʱȷ׽٣ûֻףȴû׽٣Ҳһ˿ȴûбϴˢʣֻαŽˡ
֮ôõҩʦӲˣ⼸ǲܵ鰡
򵥣Ұ׸ˡҹ
ͻʦˡʦһأҲҶˡ
һ֪ʦΪҹԸ͸¶ԲŹ˵׳ˡĻȴ֪ҹ˵׳ˣʵǰ׸ˡ
ҲûȥͣʦȥҲãҹŽʦݣ˵ֻʦ˿ԼίǾԼʵ̫ðˡ
ŽʦǱһ¾ͻģ˼ҵĿұ죬Լʶð˼ûжִ˾ѾǺˡ
һľŽ׽ԪʵȰαŽ׵ĳˣһ£ԾŽ׽Ԫͻƣҵļ㣬ӦǸոպͻƽ𵤾ģʱò¡ҹ
ҩ᲻ᵼ½𵤾粻ȹ̣Լ𵤾ľ뻹еԶȫŵҩʲôõ顣
İɣô˵ҲǾŽ׵ҩұ˻о粻ȵ飬Ƕ˵ȫ⣬ǵĹ˲ͬͲ֪ʲôȡҹЦ
ҹ磬ȵʹһȥͻƽ𵤾֮ȥ㣡
׽ʱ͸ҹкܴĲ࣬޴½оԼ֮ѾΪҹֵһЩˣû뵽û೤ʱ䣬ֱôԶľ롣
ɲͨˣֵ棬û֣κεĲֻ࣬иӴ̼ٵЧȴԼġ
ҲãץˣǸų϶Ե޹ʵģ˵ʱ䣬кöǣڣҾͲʱûе汳ˡҹЦš
ȥҹ̫޳ˣҪҲǰ棬ޡ˵ȥҹһȭ֮󣬸ӥɵһ뿪ˡ
أǸһߣҹתᡣ
һŽԪҽ𵤴ɵʱһȥġֱҪ
ҹûаֱ֣һƿݵ˶ԷϣŵĹϵһʱӦòʲôħһǴ߰ɣʡñ˵ţһСĻ
šħٻҹӦӵзԪ˲ŸʺϣǵԪԦȻҲвСѶȴʮִҼǵӦʺϵġ
֪Ԫҹֵ
ȻҲʱӦûûӵԪ
ȻʱûһܸӦԪԣǷӦûдġȷϵ
ҵ˵ɣʺãҲ⡣ҹЦһѶԷͷ
ȥˡûٸҹ˵ĻתŴȺի֮ȥ
Сãһر𡣡Ŀ˸ɴᣬҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ֻǾԼʵ̫ˣҪϻȥҵĲ̫󡣡ҹЦЦ
ӽҪȥĶأʵ
Ҹ̻˲С鷳ʵǱǸҹûлش𣬷Ǹ˵
⡭ʵҲûʲôǡԸġ΢΢Щ
պ̻£ֻҪģ㾡˵ˣҾԲƴǵġҹ
ʦںһϲǾŽʦ˵ĳŵ龳ԼĻȻ˵ǱǶԺ̻Ŀ϶õһλľŽʦԺ̻ʵǾͿ֪ˡ
Ϊ̻һԱҲλС㡣
ֻҲЩЩˣ˵Ŀɵ棿
Ȼ档ҹ˵
κ𣿡Ľ
ţֻҪҹٴγŵ
һǵ˵ĻĿƵ˵
С㣬﷢Ϣ˵Ԫ̻һǧ궫ҹ顣ͻȻ廰˵
ʱΪѾ϶֪ʺԼ˵ΪϢ̫Ҫˣ¹صСΣòæڡ
ŶתͷҹȥӣҪ̸Ϲȥһˣ㡭
һҪ̽ϢҲֻǴһ㣬СͶѾҵ֪СǶû£Ѿ˺̫ܶ࣬żҲҪһʱ䣬͸һȥɡҹ˵
ȻãȻһЦ
ϴһʱҾЩ˵𶫺ҹ飬˵Ҫֻ̫࣬͸ˣ㻹ûиңôءҹʵ
ɫ΢ʵҲûʲô֮ǰӾ˵ҵĹˣȷˣ⹦ֲòޣֹͣһû֮ǰһλ龳ĸ˿˵ֻжǧҹ飬ʮԴ뵤к빦ˣʹʮ


625 еС
һǰԪ̻ڳǵķֻᣬ·ϵʱҹҲ֪ԭί
Щȱǲ취Ի꣬ʱҲǲͶҽȻһּΪԵĹڴܲȫ֮㡣
˼뵹ҲãʹĻ˰꣬Ǻ֣⹦ȻڵƽתʲûಹԽ죬ͻһû
Щһֱʹ֮м尾ţֻǧ궫ҹ飬º͵к빦֮ĳͻ
ǧ궫ҹ飬Ҳʲôرϡ̻֮Ҳܻҵõȥ֮󣬳˺Ļ޷ʹΪ˾һλʦ͸ĳɵһҹ֮⣬ȻҲҲġ
ԺĲŻðżķգԼǰҪܲԼĶԶҹĸӦ׵õһЩ
ԸΥûеõҹ飬
øǣҹ׵֮˿ڵͬʱȻҲʱ԰ֳͻѹȥǶʱ䣬ҲûΪʹ
ҹҲ˵ûбİ취ȥҲֻܳѡ
취ҲûУ粻ǹҪҹһһźģ׵֮ѹѣȻ£Ǻ̻Ҳǿ󲻵á
Ժ֪ȥ֮󣬶ҹΪأ治жԾŽʦĿأһ֣ҲΪҹžԼŮһı¡
һְ취㻹Ҫڴǧ궫ҹˡ
ʵϼҹԸȢģҲܰеϣҹ׵֮档
ܽĵȫκãǲսİ취⣬λ˵ҪĿǧ궫ҹ顣
ڶҹˣȻֻһţҲǺĵϣȻ᲻ӡ
̻кܶˣרžǸ̽ҹϢģڼ˶֪̻ĴС㣬ϲĶǶǧҹ飬Ϊʲôϲԭȴֻмĺ̻˲֪
ĺҹһˣ˳ǵԪֻʱƺϣ˶ߣźʺá
һı˪ǲǣڻԭ˭˰ɱԼһ˭Ҫ̲һֻᡣ
С㻹ڼǺ£ʮºͣȥǸʮǫǫӣһ飬֪һ˵ĴұҪСʾһʵȴû뵽Ūɳ׾˼ȥһҪС㵱ܷõСԭ£ҪһŬֲ֮ᡣ
٣ûŪĻ֮䲻κεᣬҲˣյʵΣ֪Ҳ֪Ȼ֪Һ̻᲻ٶʲôֺο̬أޱ
֪С㲻ԭңǳĳǸǧ궫ҹ飬ҲǵһʱϢ֪̻ͨˣΪľܼСһ棬õǸǫ͵ܺСҵ̬ΣʼҪ
һҲԷĻȻޣȻѾ֪弱ǧ궫ҹ飬鱾Ϊأ̻ᣬҲֻм֪֮ǰշһǵĵһʦǴʱ֪ġ
̾һܽˣµҲûʲôù˼ɵˣȻһЩҪЮĻᣬ˭ǧҹ飬óģҪЮһۣҲ˼ϣ
ٷˣֻҪԺľѾܸмˡĲ䲻ȵ
λλһС㶷ʦɣĿһת䵽ҹϣϧǾŽʦûӦĲϣҲ޷ƳõĵҩʦҲҹڴɣ
ȷǺڴҹŶԷϴζԷΪ߹ڣ֮ûʲôˣҺ뿴ǧҹ飬ʲôرĵطΪʲôͷȡΪʲôҪģ˵ĿҵһݲϣҲӦĵҩ
ӣ˵ģļ
֮ǰֻԼоڣڸˣֻҪνǧ궫ҹʲôԣӦÿҵӦĶҹ
üֻûôףǧҹ飬ʵһҹѣǸǶڶ֮У쳣Ի͹飬֮ǧ꣬ʵǽ𵤾ļ飬ͨҹȡȻǱҩݿԴˡ
ԭҹ˵ˣǾ͸Ӽˡ
ӣ˼ǡʵҲ֪˵Щȴû뵽ҹô˵
һнҾͺˣ֤ҵʵĶҹЦ
ǾˡҲȻһЦ
˵꣬ԹԵؽİ棬㶼ûٴ
װӵҪװʲôʱ򣡡һ˦˦Ҳˡ
Ԫ̻ģҹ黹ܷˣҹ˵Щѹš
ǿǶ˵ʵŶһҲĽ𵤾һŰҹ飬һᱻղױõ
ô̻꣬ôطҲûдĿҹ飬ôҵĶأ
Ψһ̫ĵǣǧҹˣֱԪ̻ᣬǳ۶
ҲȻ֪˺̻գ˲ȥҺ̻ᣬԪ̻ǿ϶Ϊ
£Է˽Ҳ˵ùȥġ
˼һ£þƴԺڵʵӦҲĶ֣οԪֻռƣĵĻҲ̫һЩ
棬ЩĵģС㣬ӦٶЩϢй¶ǣ϶ͼıģ϶ǧҹױĵ˵ʹʲôɲ
ǰС㣬һͲǺöһʲôⶼóԪֻ棬ǸǷʤˡ̶Ҳ͵
üôҪԸңҲԪֻ涯֣˵ȫĵطں̻棬ǾֻԪ̻ˡЦЦοɲһ˾ܺ˵ģѣӿ϶İɣ
ҹʼ磬⻰Ҫ˵ᣬǻͲء
ͱ̶ǿЦôСųʲô¶ҹлӢ۾һ
ѵСΪöԷȵöˣзǼ޶Էɵˣ˵ȵö֮ҹͻ飿
֮еС㡭⻹ֻ˵ǶĺС㣬ø׽ˡ
찡ҪĿʼˣǵñʲô


626 ħ
ҹߵǰ棬·ȥֻ¥ѾμˣһεԪ̻Ƶġ
ܻˣͼڶ¥ϣʮᣬڵǰ˺ţֻǴȫ
Щᶼƣ濴ԺؿһУڲĻͨķ龳Ҳ̽ҪΪ˱ߵ˽ļҹ棬֪ǵһνΪ˵ܽˣͨŲ׵ݵλֻӴĲʱЩ˲ʱ¶Լݣ԰ҵ󡣡
»Щ£ԼĵĳЩö֮󣬻ᱻ˵ϰɡҹЦ
ȻûнЩȴһͻ׵ġ
Ʋ¶ףһĵû㹻ʵ߱ǿ൱Σյһ顣
֮ܵ󣬲֪ж˻ᣬޱˣ޴½ӦҲв١
ȷˣڳǳ棬רȫһӦĳһ˲ڳ£һЩȽСǣûгʵɺ̻ģĵͷҹͣǵܴ󣬲Ԫ̻飬̻᲻ưոݣĳҲԪֻʩѹҲ̫⡣
ܿͿʼˣ˵һòٰ˳֮⣬Ҳ֪˺ŰˣĶһЩ̫ҪĶҹûʲôȤ
ĵϸؿţȤҲֻŵǧ궫ҹʱ򣬲ſܻᷢ
һΪǣ辫ڳ꺮ӡǧֱ֮ʦƳɷ齣ˮԪʹãԸһұǽԴһ֡⡯ͨǲ𵤾ʿҲԽԪʩչǵ𵤾ǸǵӦ֣ǳֽߴﵽ˻񾳣Ǹǿʩչǧһ֮ӡһСǣҲǺ׵飬Ǳǽ
ҹ˽ܣЩȤЩĵƷһЩصġǲôﵽ𵤾ʩչͨһѾ㹻֤⽣Ĳ֮ˡ
֮ǰ𵤾ʱڽ𵤾֮ͨ£Ҳε̾ϢҺǶʱ䣬ԷֲĲ㣬ôһ齣ǿ϶һ⾰ˣ·ʱҲ˼̡
ѽȷǺܲǷʱóؿ϶ʲô覴õģ򶼿Եһѹ֮ˡĿҹע⣬ҲЦΪ͡
ŶҹֻԶԶؿǰѱǽûʶȥӦ
Ϊ֮ǰѹкܶƣǿƳɣһСĴˣͻᷴ˺Լʶ
ҲΪ˱Щʶǿߣ̽ܶ˵˽ֻ߶ڱͼıĴʩ
ǽȥһŵʯĽҲʮƯǱѱǽȴ˼ʪ֮˵⽣ж࣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ŮӣԴΪ彣ǸǶ˼ַɡ
Ҫѽ𣿡ͻȻʵ
Ҫûʲôôҹ̹ȻҲˮԪԼҲб
̶Ű۵㲻ã͸ҼС㰡СѱĽ͸㣬ڶûһѺʵ彣أӺβǽ͸С㣬һֱֳģһǡ
̶Ҫ˵ļæȴţҹ᲻Ľѽ
ҹεҡҡͷȻѾͷ˼˰ɣСҲ˵ˣǽ϶覴õģ˵СҲˮԪҼǵǽԪţҷĽҲ̫õţͻСţʶݵ⣬ԸŪһ֮ġ
֮ǰ̻Ŀ䣬ǿɵڣҲҪԼ͸ʱѾı⣬ĽҲû̫;ˡ
㡭㲻Ѿͷ˵ҸͲȱʲô彣Ľϣں̻һݵһܴġޱʧȴ̾;ܾҹ֮Ψһһ㻹ܿϵƺͱϾˡ
ǽĵ׼ΪһƷʯʦ꾡Ľ֮󣬴ʱҲڱ׼ۡ
׼̾˵ĻȻһ齣ôֻҪһƷʯǵ׼ҲôͰ
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֮ѽ˭û̫ļֵһƷʯԵЩˡ
Ǻǣ˼һħĽҹˣȻòţȴܸȤǱ˶ĵĻҲá
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ҳһƷʯһʮŰ
е˵Ҳϡ棬ͨ˵ǽûãһ˻Щˣʵǿ󣬶ұʵۺ񣬾ȥ裬ҲЩȱǮó
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628 ûܵŮ
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ĪСһƲƲ죬ͲٴҪવˣˣ˼ôǧҵ㣬㾹Ȼңұ۸ˡء
һ߿ޣһ߶ͷڸ첲棬ȴʱ̧͵͵š
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˭֪ҹˣʱ۸£۸Ѳµ顣ĪСȻѾֻôˡ
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629 ڶҹ
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ͨŵˣһעֻԹ۵
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ۣһھͷʮǸҪ־ڱص𣿡ĪСβҲŭˣѾõԼҪĶٿµʱҲ֮ǰôˣҪٱһƺǲˬء
ǺǣŰɣܿͻᱻˡҹЦ
ѵ㻹ҪٸĪСɻʵǲҪȻǼһǷ⣬ǸոմѾŪö໨ôʯҲ̫Ҫʲôҹ飬ҪٳֵĻ϶̧ܸߵļ۸񣬵ʱͱ
ģҲģ˻ҹǺЦš
ţǾͺãϲĵĸоˣˬĪСҲЦҪⶫҲܳԵģ˭ɵųأ
ոҪھ۵ĺģ仰ҭһʱ֪˵ʲôźãֻҹȥ
С㲻õģ齻ɣҹ׶Է˼̾˵֤õҪĶһģҪ׼ܻᳬԤڡ
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СǴ˼ңôѧҵأĪСŭ
ҡı˵ߺ죬ȴֲ֪ô
СħŮֵˣҹֵ˶ԷԴһ£ǻרĿɣҪ
ҲֻѹȴЩʧǵϴҪʱ򣬶ԷҲֱɹȥ֮ǳΪС㣬ѵ˵ĹϵͲܸһ
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ھʮǺðɣҲһʮļ۸һ򡣡Űﴫ
֮ǰһֱûг֣ҶΪûأڳ־һʯɼǲƴֵ˰
ʮҲʮɣһǧ򡣡ŰỰ䣬һŰͬһ
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631 
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һǧʯˣҲòһǧʯ
ȻϵڵĳϣԼҲմͶ̥Ĺ⣬˳µ洫ӣ洫ܵõȨ˵һǧʯһҲҧòʲôȥ˼ҽſ⣿
ڵȷǸƣֻܿʯϣǰﲻæġ
εشض֮󣬽ҲֻܷΪǵĻᣬҡһ˹ڡ
ڳĺܶ˶һܺһŰͶŰĶʲôˡ֮ǰʮŰˣҸۣѾúܶ˾ˣԸʮŰỹҪͷ⿴۾㹻޷Сˡ
ϰʯͨǾòģοǧ
ҪˣǾɣŰǸٴ𣬡һΣһһһǧ򡣡
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ȻҲǱűصõ˼ģǴʱҲüͷ۸ѾԤ⻹ԶԶյıۣΨһĽģǸͽܲıۡ
̻ȷǮҲ̻лȨĴС㣬ҲֻЩȨѣĿСĿȻֱӾͿȡǶڵʯǴСҲô
οҲûдڵʯݺһ仰Ԫ̻ҲΪѣЩʯȻԺٸ壬ؼǣҪ֮Ĵ
ֻһŰҹ飬ҪȥһֻļֵԺأ˭֪ǲݵһϷĳ֣۸˵ټǣһֱǵһ̻ᶼеۣʱĻǲģ
ʵϣѾڻɣһжڰеΪʲôϢ͸¶ȥ
ʱȴҲڰҧѾ֪Ű˭Ǻ鶼̻ġ
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ӱ˵¶ɲˣǳˣ֧ôʵʯ֮ôȥ̻˽
תְģǵǿԣһǶԷϲϳôļǮ򣬶ǾǶԷˣĿȻҲѾˣ˵ԷᵱⲼõһ֡
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ⶫ˭֪˶ԺļֵȽϸ֮⣬ڱ˵ͲֵۡۼֵĻǽһʮҲͲˣ⻹Ѿﵽ˶ļ۸û˾Ļǿɻ˵Ǹʲôء
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Ǻǣ˵׼˭úС㳤ƯءҹҲȤ
֪ԼƯҲĿޣ˵˵Ȼ˵Ķоһʱշȣ֪ҪôӦˡ
ߣҲƯΪʲôû͸ңĪСܰȻͦͦأƺԷʾ
˵⻰ûģǽ͸𣿡ҹЦ
ĪСһҹĲϣڿϳϱǽ͸ҵĶˣ
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˵ЩʱѾɰߵУǿŻһǧİҹ顣
ҹȷƯڱٵƯҲֵһǧʯĿҹɨһȦƺ⣬ģΪǺСҪģľǻٶʯҲֵõġ
е˶ˣԭǸƴֵˣǺ鶼̻ĴүֲôţΪ׷Ůһǧ򶼿
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ڵȷܴ󣬵ǶǿߣԲȥǵġ
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633 
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634 
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ǲܣҲһΪԷҪˣϿװڵʯأҪ£Ҫˣ˵Ǹǲ
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תͷݺݵسȥԭβף˾ȻݺֲҹȻһóҹ飬ǰɶ
֪ԼݺˣҲνԪ̻鶼̻ĹϵûݺҲòȥ
һ̣ĵѾȫ뿪ֻʣº޺޵
Ȼ׬һǧʯڳǷֻ˵ҲǼĿȻû˿ĵ⣬ŭ壬Ϊķͷҹˡ
йҹ㻹ôݻȥ

ӣôŰҹģѵһַ԰Ѱҹ޸𣿡̶ĺģѾʮֻèһص̻ĳֻȲʵ
޸ƣˡҹЦ
ǣֶ޸ƵĻʯͷ޸𣿡ĪСҲǸƣͬ棬壬ҹ鶼ĶģȥⶫǺϡΪʲôأ
ЩǶȱ˵ˣҹģ㻹ȸңôҹɣﻹӡһҹٲóȥҪˡ
˵֮ǰһŰҹ飬Ľȥ𣿡Ҳȵ
ǰȻΪʲô۷ܰڳ˶ȥҹ
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Ҵ紫͹ʱ붫Щû˼Űҹ飬˶ѡҹƽ˵
ţ̶æʵֻǵǼţ
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ĶֱӵȥʶԷж٣ȻǷǳʵġ
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Ӳ÷ҲǷĵģԴֻͷˣƣҲӣһжѡġ


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֮ǰԪĳͻˣĸоԪʶʱƺǻ˳˯ڵǰʹĸоȫͬгԼΪǻþһ
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͵ȥҹʱֻԷ˫ۣʶһسվš
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ȳȥˣúϤһԪı仯ոͻҲҪ̾磬óᣬĥһԪҹ˵žԳȥˡ


636 С׽
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ûг̫ʱ䣬ƺֻǱǿһЩȴȱ㹻;һ㡣
ٿĪСʱѾһڵСϵ·ҲƲһ㣬鲼С
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ҸЩ鷳ҹżϤ֣ܿڣЩֻСɫ㳤Ͽ϶Ҳ˻ڻЩ˵ġ
ҲΪȻ㳤൱лȨ棬ȷǺ־ⲢӵΣʵϣǺԺֻ̻֣һ鱾ҶģֻڰҶѡ
Щ̫ҪҪҪôҹʵ
ʲôð취𣿡ĿԷӣæ̽ʵ
ݡҹȻ˸׶⡣
ȴû̾ͷ̶СѾͷҲû˿Ե˼ֻǾš


638 
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۾һų˵ȫͣҵ𣿡
ȻҪżǣһһѹǼǲתˣڻǿգɼע˰ܾ֣̻᲻ŵĵطˣͨ߸̻֮䣬ֻһЩ׵Ĺϵû̫Ľ飬ȴĵͷǿ˭Ҳҵģ˶֪Ϣ֮Ҳ˸̻⣬ǵһ̻ĳ׽ˣŷչһϢûд֮ǰߵһЩ˳ݣҹٺһЦĿżаڲú̻Ǻ̻ῴˡ
ɽأ̶Щ⣬ôǻ̻϶ᣬΰѿһУǵʱ̻Ҫ㣬Ѿûǵ֮ˡ
ڵȻ̻ᣬΪò˶ãǾͻ֣ᷢڳ֮ĵط߶ʵЧĵҩúȵƣǮĻں̻ʺԼؼҹǰЦݣһжƿڼдĶൽò꣬ڣھҪóЩԪǰްԣҪõһУֻ֮ĵط
ĻǿݵߣʮַŭʱìͷֻȻǺ̻ᡣͻȻ뵽һֿܡ
̻ôĴԺܿͻᴫڲú̻￪ֻᣬԺ̻Żǰ뿪ЩҪŭĻҲӦóȥŭʱŭҲ㹻ڵˡҹǺǵ
˵ǣֻҪĵҩֻ²һСĿһӦùıϾƹź̻ĺܶ⣬һ۾Ϳؼ˵ؼ̻Ҳ̫࣬ȫҲӦôҪ֪޴½֮⣬һЩСŶȱؼܶСŵ˶ԼʵĹ̻ҲܽЩеĶ
ЩȲõģ⼸һƳһԪĵҩʱٵЩʦȥһǣʦһƣɵֻ֮Ҫ׵編һҹЧȻʲôҩЧȴǰɣһлܵõһ˿׵֮򡣡ҹ̧ͷҾͲǻ᲻ĶвٵĿɲֵСЩԶͨõģҲ֣ѡһЩҶʦʶƷƳһԵʶ¼ҲԷֹ˵
ƳһԵģľȵǶʦҪ᲻ܸߣ
ô㲻֪𣿡ҹԷ˾ȣҲЩԾӦǺ׵İʦӦöô
ô׵ĻҲҲһ֪һЩʵϣ̻ûһԵʶ¼ֶǹ̶ģҼױ˸ƣŵ¼ҲϽֻͨűĶ೭¼һЩʵĶ֮࣬ܶಢֻʶ֮򣬲ܵõ洫Щ¼ŸԵޱȣ˻̻Ҳˡ̾
ֻҪõ¼һ˾ͿԸʮһٸһǧ˿һֻһΣԶʧȥ˼ֵˡ¼ƳһԵģҲ˵԰ˣǸĴڸˣҲ޷ڿڵĶҹʶǿ󵽱̬ˣ˭ٰѧĶٻԭ
û뵽¼ȻĻǾͲұʦˣʮȥſⶫǶˣǷϼ۸񣬵һЩǺǣѾѴѵʯˣҹ촽ʮ̰ӡ
壬㾹ȻôΪʲô̸һЩأĪС
Ӵ˵ҲǰԼûôѧĶأҹҲȻ֣Ȼշһôãʵ̫ϧˣţ⼸ȽģŪʶ¼ʱͿѧϰˣѧòҲãֻѧһȽľˡ
Үʵ̫ˣҾ֪ҵĸǣĪСš
ݵ⡭̶ɻͺȥ
ǡˣҲ
ҡͷЦ⣬Ļ޴½ֻʣһ̻ˡ
ʣһ̻Ტʲô£û뵽һԵȴҹҾںܺã㶦˴ǣţҲֵŲŵļʣȻˣһʱ䣬ֻίһԪͺ鶼̻ᣬڵʱ䣬Ҫú̻ΪһҲ棡
С㣬ˣڲٸǺ̻ϢѾòʱ䣬ݶ֪ЩС̻ᡭƽҴҵ߽֪ҹҲˣ̾ͻ㱨
˵ˣԸȥӽ𣬺̻зֻűյ꣬κ˵⡣ķԸ
ƽһʱ֪ʲô˵СȾһôˣ
̴ʦСзִ磬ȥ֪ͨɣ˵С˵ˣûʲôǺ̻̻Ҳˣ˵⴫С˼зֻԱһˣͰԭķţ̻᲻ôҳԿ
ǣʱ⿴Ϸɻȴ㹻ĳãǵĻһ˻ˣóúء̶Ц
ƽһͷˮﵽ׷ʲôܲλýүүĽһ£ǿһȦûһģֻôԭˡ

̻ҪȥܶС̻̾ͶϾ˸̻ϵҲϢ鷳ˣͨʱٽ̻ˡ
һЩ⣬£̻ҪסţƱػȡһЩ£˵ֱӵľǽˡ
һֻӭҪ۱˵Ĺ˿̬ͣ൱ӣһ㶫ǿ㣬ⶫ͵Ӵֵӡ
ÿֻ˶һ߶дһ߶æʾӦôĽƣò˶˳ȥģֱӷ˳ȥ
ǧҺֻᣬһ֮ȫţϢ֮һֲ߻ˣЩͷˡ
Ůˣʲôʱôˣ


639 ĪƸ
ҹĪС뿪ݣĵˣҹǵĶʱȻصһ
ˡʱһֻĴɫƽغŲ裬ĵˣȻЦЦ
ǣףתͷԱһλȥû뵽Ҳصһˡ
ôô鷳ڶֶԸ̻ᣬеķֻᶼţ̻ܶ˶ֵˣЩʦʦҪ뿪̻ᣬɽȻЦţԼغżֲƣոմݻӦɣ˵鶼ҪԭȻģﻹ̫ţ˵˵ﵽ׳ʲôɣ
±֪Ȼ֪λĸԣҲ֪⣬˿ֵػصͻȻֹ̻ͣкзųϢԸС̻ᣬҲֹ˸Һ̻ڷֻţ´
ĿɲЩɽüȻ̻Ļ᳤Ҳܸɣ⼸괦̻Ҳڿ㻹̫ˣڴ棬ȴҲ˺ô飬ôܹͨһûУţرеķֻᣬⲻǽҺ̻ĺ·ʱ䲻ҪٳֻҪ̻꣬ǹţҲݵĵˣ
ɽȴº͵Цţţرշֻ飬Ǹ֪ġ
磬ôɽ¶˼ŭƽűҲˣֹϵ̻飬㾹ȻҲ
壬ֻ֪ղŵĻ˵Ц棿ƽʵ
ÿ仰棡ɽһԵʮֲ
̻޴½һ̻ᣬһǾӪеҡβĵ۾˼ֵĮĪ˵ֻһݵ⣬޴½ռˣҲΪǺ̻ҪȥžȱʩЩ⡣
ôĿɽһӣǺ̻ߵ죬Ϊ̻һкƣصĴŹϵʮãȴԼĸˣȥĪ˵ţþа취¶޷غ̻˥䣡
ˣǱ㲻Ҫȥأʮƽȴ쳣ᶨ̻˵ֻһˣ⣬ǹƽ֮ԸǺǿͼǶǱϥ˵Ҫֺٰò⣬̻Ͳ̻ᣬŵūŶѡ
ˣΪ˾һʦϧһŶҹ͸ˣΪʲôΪƴ󣬷ֺίɽ
֮£ȷˣʱͬգң길׽ҹͳȥҲֻΪԷƴ󣬸ΪǺ̻ᲢռĵȻʦ֮гԹԭ̻ûɸģΪ˱סһʦȴǿв֣ȻҪһЩۣⲻ¶ҪţʱʱҪŲܵǣ˼ֻˣŵūš
úúãЩ꣬㲻ǳˣҲԽ˵ɽɫһһף˵ˣ˵ʱ鶼̻ģһļһǧĶҹףΪβӦǺ̻ʵѾս˥䣬ܸ鶼̻һ壬ȻԽ𡭡
壬΢üͷܲش϶ԷĻǱ˽£Ҳ£ͬϷ
ǺǣЩıôɽһɫҲ˵ˣȻҿ´пΪ
ĽͷתһߣǲٿԷӣȻˣǲʲôⶼƩ̻᲻㾡ȫ֮࿹ƩҪĵҸǱȻҲίȫֻ˶ѡ
㡭ɽû뵽Է˵¶һʱЩԽԽˣΪҵӵܣһΪ̻ûô
ô˵㹻棬ʱҲ𣿡ķֺõȥ
Ŀúɽ˸ǵôǰѾͷûǿƣôڱѲˣ
磬֣Ҳܹôݵڵ飬Ѿ̻ܶ˲ǲóһЩ˵º᳤ܶ᲻ɽתͷĿתһֱ˵ĺ졣
Ŷɫºͣ˭
ɽ΢΢һȻЩˣиĳϡ
˭ˣ۾ûСһ㣬˭Ըں̻˾ǣȣ˭ڿ̻һվǽͷƣҲҸı⣬ص̻仰ǣõģֻҪ˵һɣҾġ
磬ɱ֣һҪôһٴ̻˵ģɽ
Ǻǣ̻ᵱѾٹһΣڵĺ̻ᣬһֽĪ˵֪ٲĻٵΣλֵܵļ򣬡ңҿ˵ò̻ˣҲȡ֮Ϊ֮£ɽ̻ȫһڱɷһݲҵȥŻ̻ȶ֮»
⡭˵ﻰô˼ɽæܾҶһˣҲֻǵ̻Ѷѣôʱ뿪̻ᣬģһᾡȥЩҵˣǳ
ȥǣ쵭ȻЦţٴǿֻҪҸղŵĻתǼɣνѼ飬̻Ṳѵˣ뿪Խ࣬Ƿ̻¡
ɽ˵ʲôûٿڣתˡ
ףոЩô죿Ц
Ҳ⣺Ȼϴһ֮ΧʱҹСӵֽҪĹͷ˶ܹƻ뿪Ǻ̻ٷչһǧֻ꣬Ҫʲô紵ݶȻǻһɢɳҪãȻҪ֮⣬ܽЩεһΣֻҪµˣ¾Ҳû˻뿪̻ˡ
ͲҴĻĲϣʵ
ǺǣһҵıŮģЦƵ㲻̻ľǶȻǾԲЭģΪ̻ᣬҲȻίҼұ˵ҹһѾʲô⣬죬˵Ϊ
ʲôףһЦһΣ˵Ǻ̻øˣѾȫ̻ᣬѾ͸ŮֵܶǵĶ
ĪƸ񣿡۾һ


640 ҵϢ
ķ˷ۣһҪѰӣģһЩط֮ĵҩ䷽Ŷѡ
ԭˣΪ˵㣬ò飬ĵõҹĺøУӦ£ֻǲЩˣ̻ټĲҵûһ׵˰㣬Ϊڵʱ򣬲֪˻۸㡣Щʧ
˵ǲ£ҽ쿴ӣƺʲô˼¶ɫ
Ȼûʲô汾£ƽҲô̻£ϾǼˣ˱ʣǻһ鷳¡
ȲعͻȻʲôո˵ҹЩʲôҩ
һЦ׵עֻҹĸ棬һЩԪһԷŽ棬ɵİط֮ĵҩط˵ЩֻҪʦˣͿѾ˸ʦźܿͻһĵҩӵ˼ЩҩκεطۣѾзֻݳ⣬ҷݵҩҲһɲ
ȻǴֱʣƣ̻ƶˣ̻ʵһؽٴηչΪһ̻ᣬȻǷҪܿݰƾط֮ĵҩò˼꣬ݵҪôֻܴͨϵͨҩЩûйϵģҪǨˣǶģȻݣ
ꣿӵļƻڰ֮ڸеֻţ̻ȥפҵʱڳ棬ѹ̻ᣬǷݶһ֮ڡЦ
Щѣʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣԪ̻ͺ鶼̻ոսӹԭµ⣬ȻչݵôϢͨҲ֪̾飬Ϊҩ뿪ݣֻҪЩ˻ڣǾͲڵע⡣ҡҡͷоЩ̫ð졣
ӶԴҲϣһЩ¼Ҷһ¼ֻܹһʹ֮󣬾ͻԶ٣˵ƽʶһЩ֮󣬾ͿˣĿǰΪֹ¼һЩ˰ɣĽʵ
¼⡭͸ģε𾪸æϵĲ豭ˮȥ
¼ǿǹغԼʵĶŵòҲ͸¶οҹֱ֣Ӿʶ¼͵˱˵ϡ
Ȼ͸ҵģ˵ʱҲоůůģȻⲢ͸һˣҾ˵òŵԴε¼֡
ꡭ
Ĳ豭촷ۣˮҲûвڶһ֮󣬲ŻæȥĨ·
֣ԴεġϵıŤţ˵Ĺ죬ǴĸϹɵ۵ıɣ
ĿЦţҲ֪˵ģȻʱ˵ЦϣȴûаӦòҿܻܱء
漴ٴοЦ⻹أҪǱ˲֪ʲôأؼڣ⻹Դεġ
𣿡ʵæһƽԼ飬ûЧ裬ֻܿԼˣ˸ոյϢ֮Ҳûʲôˣ˵ɣ׼
⵹ûʲôˣ룬Ŷ˵þƷһҲһʽ޴½ۣСɹͨ
ţҲʧΪһð취ٴ̻Ķܶ߶ҪǾƼҾӪĶȴÿģǻ񾳵ǿߣҲȫԷȾƣοЩͨߣ֪ĵطиζľƺȣȴݵˣȻһʱãҲһڸĺð취ǾƷһҲֻҪȹˣᱻؼǼ۸񻹲󡭡
ףҪԸһˣĲ
ŶŶԣǸСҼұУӦñǲŶԣţԺҲֻǵľƣǵˣôˡȻʣܸоСӻʲôһ
Ӧûˣ룬һΣҵ˼ѣúܺãڹʥŻôԴӥɵĵӣǴȺիĴˣһĪСò貨ڵĵӣڲǺء
ĬĬţ΢΢ͷ𣿡
ûˣĵ
˿ȫ˳ͻ黹ҪϾûʲôɼ֣ʡڰж֣ʱ˭Ҳȥʲôˡ
ԥһ˵ˡ
Ǿ˵ɡν
ҪٵϢһ𣿡Сʵ
ǣ浱˴𣿾ΪҲܳʮµġ
˱ʲôģʱͲˣΪѾҪҹʮꡣС
ţһСɣⲻðЩˣɲһ㡭ͻȻסǱβһţ˵Ǹţ
Ǹˣʮֿ϶ؾû
ꡭ
˲ʮ˽أֶţָָģĿڣڵȵϢһ˭

貨ڵشݣȻҲӵŹĵ򣬵˵ۼȴٵö࣬Ϊ洦ɼģǱѩس
ຮĳЩֻϲϢˣͨܲԸȥ
ȻָҲǼĵطʵϼΧĴ󲿷ֵطȻĵطҪһЩҲû̫š
貨ڣȴʹڼݵԶȥһĳǱһ㣬֮ԣʵĹΣ϶ǿŵسߡ
ҹǱǱҲ˼ָ̾ȻĻ棬֮ڵķ
ⷨѾ˳Ҽϡڲ˵ģȻϳܿͻָơ
ˣ㶮֮޷Խǵ㶮еİǺܶ෨ͬǰ˸֦һ㡣
߰뿪ʱʦѾˣ˵ûд󰭣˺ܶطҲ˵ʱ۸ˣĪССҲֵּǣɼѵСѾͷʦǺġ
Ȼ㵣ΪʲôҪܵȥһһǴҲҪʱ䡣ҹЩɻˡ


641 
Ϊʦ˵ֻݲʲô˵ڶҪҵҵ֮ǰܻţһθҪֹϵƣҵȻҪӦˡĪСԵЩΡ
ǲǰеķʯ֮ĶˣҹͻȻһ˿ԤС
ǰ˵ܹģ԰ѼʮʯҴˣûˣ˵Ľʺãҳȥ֮ԼһҲȥǰѱǽˣ˵ĪСЩ߷ߣҪǴ壬ǰѴħıǽòأ
ʦô˵ģƽ֮еʲô𣿡ҹʵ
ƢܺãƽҲûеʲôˡĪСҲɵӣ෴ת൱죬˵ʱѾӦ˵
û˵꣬ѾҲƵɽŷԾȥ
ҹûֹֻ˰벽ںš
ʲôˣͣ£貨۴еִ£˳̴ȵ
Ľ峤ϵĪСʦǰȥѰҩʦַСĪСԶԶѾ
أĪСǳϵ洫ӣЩӾ֣ͬҲֻܺʦ㣬ֻʱŻţ˵Ҳʮֿ
ĪСĪСŵĵȻʶĪСȴ֣벻㾹Ȼʱ
ѵʱʲô𣿡ĪСЩʵ
ûʲôԣȥɣǵӲûٶ˵ʲôɫŹֵһˡ
ĪСҲûжʣֻЩʦ¾ɽȥ
ҹǰ׼һȥʱȴ
貨ڵӣ˲ڣŵ˵
ⲻˣҡϹĪСƲƲ
ţŵüͷһ壬˵ʲôѾˣû׼֮ǰ㾹Ȼ˽Գף
ʦ֣òƹܵЩ˰ɣҼǵŲû˵ӳ׵ģҵ£ʦ׿׼ģѵ˼ӳ׶ܲˣĪСֱ׳
͵ۿ˿ҹûվ𴩵˼ס
˻ԣǵɨһҹԷǽ𵤾ΪҲû̫ΣŹޣ貨ڵӣһŲڣ׿׼ǲܽȥʱЩִµӶҪܷ
ĪСһʱЩΪѣʦˣɷʦѵҲҴû˵洫ӵܽ貨ڵĹأʦʲôʱ˹𣿡
ǵ˵
˵Ϊʲô޹ǣĪС¶ŭɫ
ͲǺƢ͵ʦһӣ͸ӻˡ
ȷ¶ĹأȥˣִµͻȻּᶨԴĽ峤֮Ѿнŵˣ׿ͬУĪʦԽȥ֮ʾ֮λʦֽ롣
ûбİ취ĪСʵʵȻţԷһֱںԼ룬ЩܲĸоǲɷģҪôһҪôתߣа취ʦţʱ˵ȸˣ
Ҳ˵ô¶洫Ӧеǿ
ŵЩһ֮󣬲СĵҲûа취ⳤϾԸߡڲ½룬ֻǿǾˣ򣬾ĪʦҪĽϣҲûа취еġ
㡭ĪСŭˢذγǽҪӵԽˡ
貨ڵĴǶϷôͨĶǹѡ
ո˵а취ʦϵֻһѻѣҪа취ĻҲͲôżȥˡ
Īʦ㣬洫ӣնɱִµӣҲʱĽϣҲһܵǣҪˡִµһæ˵
СҹץסĪС󣬡ʦҪøЩСɫķ̫ʱ䡣
˵һ֮ӿĪСһ˲ʧɽǰҲκټˡ
⡭Ķȥˣִµ¼ȴһӰӶҲš
ȻΪߣҲʧֱ¶϶Ҫ
Ǵ˻ɽһʱȷΪɽһûУһԷֻˣѾȥҪе
һ֮Ӵкɽɱȥ
ô˵ĪСɽǰǿһҪⳤϱģʱ˳ʧ˵һҲˡ
ĪСҹһڿն𣬳Űҹȥ
ҹҪһͨɽǧЩѣǼҹһⶼûˡ
ǧ˵һĴ󣬱仯֮ҹ֪Ĵŵǰʮ
ǧȻ仯࣬䲻ڣֻҪҵеĹɣҪ󣬲ôѡ
ȻֻǶϤ˵һͨķʦоһ꣬͸еıʣҲҹɴ
ߡĪСɾ͹˻ɽһʱҲЩˡ
û̫ʱ䣬̾ҹŴǰʦסĵطȥ
ҹҲûжʣֻǼһԪ˵˳Űҹ֮˴߹ҲѲ˵ټ
һѾ䵽һµԺ档
ﲻͬڱЩûʵĽ෴ֻһũҵСԺȴһķΧ
ʦĪСһȴûӦ
ɫѿʦʱ򣬶ڼˣܳţ϶ˡ
㲻˵ʦûеʲôѵ˺ҹʵ
Ҳ֪룬ʦ϶֪ЩʲôŻһҴϳȥ֮ٻĪСЩУһҪһңҿ¾ļˣ
ȻҪǾֱȥɣҿ϶֪ҹɫ
壬㡭ĪСЩԥ
ģҸһ𣬡ҹЦЦ˵ڣ˭Ҳ۸㣬Ȼʦȹ㣬ҵȻҲӦñ
ţߣĪС̤ϱǽҲƵسŴȥ

貨ڴ
貨ȸλ֮ϣɫƽһԲ
ĸϣĿⶼվڴһŮϡ
ŮӿȥҲֻжʮ꣬ûоòȴһ۾ܿŵʣĸˣֻǴ˿վȴ¶ݣ͸һĨЩĳɫ
ĽϣһȥԼʮĸˣżЦŮ˵ɽͽİת壬˻ᣬҲɸɽɵʵԸһԴûʲôɣ
ⳤ˵ǸͽôŮ̧ͷЦ쳣º̬ͣҲʮţСлԼĴ˲ޣЩǴ綼Ѿ֪ˣɽûһʱ䣬ǻز棬ҿ¾˰ɡ


642 Ľ
ߣĽϣҿ֪شȴڴʱǲӳţǲ貨ڸɽɹʵһΪųϣ֪΢̬ⳤһǰĺͰš
Ľ֪Ů΢΢Ƿ
ⳤƺЩ⣬û뵽ĽôͻΪҪٽƱһӸӷˡ
Ȼ֪ǾͿ콫ĵٻأ»л͵ءⳤϷŻ
޷ٻأĽƽγţȥ֮ڻҲ㽫ʦţӴٲ貨ڵĵˡ
ӴҶסˣһλϲ廰ʲôҩû˵
ĽһЦһ˶û˵ĵҩҲûС
һ㶣漴ѾĽ˼ˡ
õӳȥһűûеĵҩҲûҲʦţǹ˵Ľࡣ
£϶ʦϲӣŻôһĿڳ˶֪Ľôȴ⡣ΪϲӣŻ취˳ȥ
Ľ壬֪ⳤٴʵȴϴһ
Ľ֪ĽǺƽػش
֪֪𣿲ģ
˶ѾףΪʲôĽݵû鷢һΪ;Ҫһ˳еˡ
˵Ҿֱϳͷˣʲôﶼţıҵ⡣
ΪͿˣⳤŭɶЩܻصĪС貨ڵĵӣһ
ȻΪĽ˶Ծ˶ʧˣȻݵʲôûзһҶС˽⣬ȴ
ôа𣿡ⳤЦһ
ǣоųɵİգĽ嵭ȻһЦӦѾһ㣬ҽ˳ȥƾ貨ڵϢͨҪһӦǲѵģ֮û޷Ǿ֪
˵˿϶˵ĪСһ뷨ܼɽ󣬻ɽٸӣڣһ洫ӣ֪Ҫǿ϶ٱⳤϺһ
Сʦȷ˲ٵίЩҪлⳤƽշĽȻƽ˭⻰еķ̣˵һ洫ӣǲʵɣСߣԶʤңҴ貨ʱֻǸѣ̶ʱѾгɣĸ洫ٶȼ磿Сȷ洫ʵһҲǴʱһ֮˭˵꣬ʮ֮˭˵洫ǿ֮һ
Ľʦ㣬֪СŮⳤ˵Ҳ޵ȻΪãβΪɽٸأǶ˵õ𣿡һŮϣȥĽֻòѷһ
ʦã㵱ãСȥʲôɽٸˣΪ𣿡ĽһֱƽݣʱҲ˼⣬ƺλʦõĵ⣬֮ǰǸⳤϻҪ󣬡ʦҲãװ͵ϮҴҲΪҺã
㡭ʦ˵ﻰһ漴ʸڷϣұͬţãĽʦΪãѵʦУҾȻСôպҽʦͻţˣԵʱʦƣҪӻؿҲΪѰɣ
ȷѣĽЦݻָ˼ֵȻȴǲܡ
˵Ľʦ϶Ҿ͵Ϯˣ̽üͷǲʦе֮ȴˮ֮塭
˵ڲֻܳԪ𣿡Ľˣ¶ãΣΣ߸ϣģȻңһֻΪҵʳ˰ת֮⣬һƺڰԲܶȻǸ࣡
ɫһȴվû˵ŵ۾˿̻رϡ
Сǰת֮壬֮ҵʣʸӴ⣬ҲǱ˴İת֮Ż̲ס־ΥԣΪͽĽҡͷ̾ܽذһ˿ϧտһǴˣҸþȴΪͽôԼ޷貨ڡ
ʦã˵貨޷㣬貨ݲ㣬ǡǡһƺڰԪݲ貨ڡͻȻſ۾ż̾Ϣ˵һ˱ˣ¸ת֮壬ȻҲѧøһ˿֪ʦصΪħ˺죿
ʦ֣ǵ꣬ɻ˵һжҪΪ⿴Ҳֻ֣˵СĲ֪ʦصħȴͬĽ嵭һЦžǧ֮ϢΪСʦ֪ʮң˵ЩĳϻСʦʦǣʦֿ֪Щ˭ûнָ֮۸Ľĵӣұȱ˸һˣ˵˲ʦȻˣʲô𣿡
󵨣ⳤϴŭ˵ĪС貨ֻһˣ˵ҲʦĽ壬ڰԪĴҲûнΪħ࣬ڵͷȴħѵڻףЩħŵ˽ĺ𣿡
ǰĽʦ㣬ħ̫ˣҲϧ˵Һⳤˣй⣬ңΪãΪ͵Ϯ㣬Щͷ㲽ħٲ򣬾޷ͷ˰
ߣͷѾ޷ٻͷˡⳤ
Ľʦ㣬ǲģæĽʦֻһʱϣˣڱԨ˼
ˣǲԨģĽ˿ûҪЭӣֻǻתⳤϺˣֻλǵĵӣÿնҪ洫ʦʦ۸ҪȥЩˣǷ񻹻ж£
ʦʦΪǸָһԼΪǸ֮õ飬棬˵ǶжҲ˿Ϊⳤϵ
̿ĽĿת֧һҲ˵ⳤԡҲûʲôףֻСǺ̫ЩܲðίȥٸߣҲǲʺϵ洫ӡ
Ľ֪˵Ĵ𰸣֣̽һ֣ٿһ齣һܹҶڻҶɣ
ҪʲôҪôⳤϴȵ
貨ڵĽ壬ҪһʦʦõĸУĽȻһЦֻҪ貨жǣжҡ
ŵ˵ĪСոջصɽǰģһİӡʱ㱨


643 ֮
ϢһľĽ壬Ȼû˵ʲô֮ҪĪСʦŵĻѾͷҲôͻѵ
ѵеģһֽĵҩôΪʲôôͷ
Ľʦãˣ˵ĪС˵ҪΪɽٸˣ̾ʮָ˵ܻˡⳤϷЦ
ҾֻܹϲԸˡĽ侪ңֻǵȻ˵š
ĪСʲôطٵ̧ͷ
ŵ˵һǸӣһʧˣ֪뿪Ǵ˻ɽҲгɵػ㱨š
ʧˣü૵뻤ɽ޿ܡ
ĪСݼ
ͨ͸һͰ֮֮ͨ䣬ÿһ˵Ķ䡣
𵤾ⳤϰСѾͷ˺õ츳żʱ䣬ȻһӾ͵˽𵤾
ȥòĽ˵ļʱ䣬ܿͿԳΪǿ洫֮һˡ
ȵҲЩŹ֡
ո˵ĪСʧǴǧ󣬽ĪСˣҲ˵Ѿͷɽ󶼿ȥ磿ʲôƶ
ĪС첽뵽֮Уһۿֳ齣Ľ壬ţʦû°ɣҿ㲻ڼɼˡ
û£ĽĪСûΪʲôͻȻ벻ֻǳȥ죬Ϊֽˡ
ǰ˭˴أĪСˣ԰ʦβģ
壿Ľ֪ԼСͽܣ˼άúܿ죬漴۾һ˵һֱǸô
ǰǰĪСԴߣȴһڳ壬
˶ܲ죬ѵﻹǿ𣿿ûвκصڣ˵ƤӵΣЦ
Ȼһ̣Цͳˡ
ĪСߣնȻһһӰʵٿֳ
ҹĽ屧ȭȻһףС˵ĽǰȣһΪͽҹм
ĽҲ΢΢ȣҲǻ񾳵ǿߣǸղҹ֮ǰȻ˿ûвռĲ˵ֲεı£貨ҲҲܸȼˡ
ض񣬡Ľ´ҹԷҲֻǸոտ𵤾ʿɸӾȣСʷǷҲǼϲû뵽һʱľȴվ뽫ͳȥȴû뵽ǾȻֻһе⡣
׻˵޾֮·Ȼ⣬ǽӦò̫ҹǺЦ
ĽĿһ⻰Ǵһ𵤾˵ġ
֮У龳Ҳ񾳸ţűվŵ洫ǣǽ𵤾ҹһССĽ𵤣ƵǸ֣ûŵΨΨŵŵҲСĽٴаأΪȴֵ赭дһж֮һ㣿
ѵʲô
󵨣Ȼû˵ⳤѾȳʲôô貨ڣ־ܣ
ĪСɽ𣿡ҲɫΪ貨ڵӣԴڣҪʦ𣿡
λϢŭҴġĪС̱
һɺԣⳤŭ㽫ι˻ɽ󣿡
治ҴģĪСһЦʵҽİŵǸӹѣ˵ʲôⳤ޸Ź棬洫Ҳܴɷ룬ɷʹʲôʱųôµĹء
㴳˻ɽ󣿡ȵĿҲһ£ҹʵ
ǧ仯ǧҪƵѣҪȥʲô첻顣ҹ
һʱȣʵɲҹ˵ô򵥣ǧ仯ǧҪȥҪǧı仯ȻģǶԷϤ˹ֱܲ仯Ŀ϶
ҹˣѵǸķʦ
ĸŵĵӣʵ
ɣѧɳҹЦ
󵨣δ˻ɽ󣬶ǲˡĴ뼸仰˽𣿡ⳤϺȵ
ٴ˼ⲻһصڻȸ״һҪΪֹĪСװ
ⳤϣҹĪСɷŵӵȷȨǣû뵽ĿˣǳССͷһҲˡ
ǡⳤɻ󣬡ôɽʵǲ貨ڷԺ˶ӻɽҪŴ𣿡
ȴʱȴһЦҵĻȥ˭ܴɽ󣬾ȥԣܴһŲ׷Ǵȫ˵ģԨ˼꣬еģ
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𣿡ⳤ۴һĪСѾͷ˵ԼˣǴ֮˭֮˵ŵѵʱĽϻҪΪһӣ貨ڵ𣿡
֮ôˣĪС˸ۣϹ֮˵ûоû𣿡
ȿȡ
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˲֪߳ܡⳤŭɶ֮䣬һâĪС
ǧĪСνʣ֮齣Դͨ
״̬һҲ֪ϰ˶ٱ飬ҪҸʵս˵ӡ
ⳤһǺ⣬Ȼ˰վ޴ı֮С
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Ȼһ̣ŭⳤȻٴγ֣⻪һӿĪСֱǲ׼Է·һ㡣
СҲҵǰŪⳤŭ˵
ⳤ۸һ洫ӣһУٴγ֣Ϊҵĵӿ۸ôĽ齣㣬ڹٿȻҿĽ㣬ⳤɱ֮죬ұᣡ
ڹⳤϻƶĹ⻪ײûо޴죬ֻ֮󣬼̶ͬʱ𣬿˭Ҳκβ˭
ȻϤط򣬳֮֮ȵͨ仯ͶԷ̶֮ȡЩƵĻҪֳʤ治һʽܽ
񾳺ٶ֣һҪֳܷʤΪ˴֮䶼ǽ֮ļС񾳣ֻսУѰҶԷȡʤ
ȻҲֻ˵涼£ʵǺٵģλ񾳵Ԫԣ츳ʣЩֶȫһ
ʱĽڹȻ󷢣Ӧȴޱɡ
ⳤڿڹʱȴȻɫ㾹ȻĴħ𣿡


644 ѳ
貨ȻǹȻŬʮ꣬Ȼ޷õŵϿɣĽָȴȻ֮ʮҴδħûùڰԪʲôãֱ֮ǰڱ͵ϮʱҲ֪ڴ˴ʱ䣬ö٣˵۾ȻֻĺڰԪȻˣֺη
㲻ã貨ڳϣһӦӽҪ㣻ˣħˣ貨˵ö֮Ľʦ㣬Ҫ˼ǰȰ
ʮмλΪͬţжٵңĽ̾˿Ϊһʱȥˣһ٣ٶҵĵޣǱ䱾ѹҵĵӣһӦ˵ö֮ΣÿЦգصɣ˭ҵӣͬھ
Ľʦãȳȵ
Ľ建תͷȥȴǵһҲ⣡

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˵ĽڰħħȻɼħ׼ҽɱⳤʾ
Ľʦһҧ͵Ϯ֮ʱұҲãĽʦ㶨ħ˵˾ĻħǺ˲ǳޱʹϧȴǿǿŰĽʦϾͬŶ꣬һ
˶ȣ뿴Ҫô
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ĽʦãС֮£û𣿡üʵ
ˣĽнгĸ֣Եޱȷ̣Ϊε˴ʱǶھһСŮţ˵С۶ѣĪ˵Ҳɱ۸εĹˣѵĽĴͻı𣿡
Ľе齣ָƲĺ⣬Ľ߮ţǲҪħˣȻѳʣֺαջȥأ
λܷһ仰ҹڿڴ˵Ľ
ΪԼʸ˵ô˵ƽôɽ飬κһ˶Խɱ
ʻȴ㣬ҹɨ˶ԷһۣܲʶȤ˵ðɣҳȻһ񾳣ݼȷһҪ㣬Ϊ˶лԪˮ˫Ԫʣõ貨ڣⶼЦˣ
㡭һʱ˵
֪ˣԲһֵֻĿһֻԲҹôģ
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ˮ˫Ԫôѵ֤͵ϮĽʦ𣿡Щûص
ԭˮ˫Ԫû뵽Ҳµô׼ҹȵ
Ѫǲµã
ðɣȻˮ˫Ԫ壬ȷ֤͵ϮĽ峤ϣˣΪʲôҪԼʣԼлԪʵҹָҷͨ˷֣һģҪڹؼʱ̸һϲһȻǶģҪڹؼʱԼ׵̳࣬ϣأ
ҵȻǺ֣ԣǰ֣Щͷ
һΪеֱӾͳأҹЦţȻԼֵúһ㿴洫ǣǵıһΪ˵滰𣿡
תͷɨЩ洫ʱЩһͷˣǿЩĲš
ȻЩ洫ҲôϲλħĽ峤ϣһΪ°ôȺܵһķΧӰ죬˶ΪĽħ貨ڵĳ裬Ҳͳһʶ
ǶĽ峤ϲôðȴǶɵӣԼлԪ֮ǰĽʱʸڷϵоػš
㲻Ҫתƻ⣬˵Ľħ֮£֮ǰ˭͵ϮʲôϵͻȻԼӦԼϾȥ
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һɺԣʲôʱĽʦΪй˿ϵ
ҲûãȻҲ񾳣ǿ˵۹⻹еģڳĻȻ٣ѹĽ峤ϵˣһûУλⳤϣֳȻĽ峤ͬǻ񾳣˼һҲĽϵĶ֣ҹЦһ޵鱾Ͳ٣οĽʺ޵ģһڰ֮ˣǿŲˬˡ
ٶ˵һ䣬̾ͽնɱⳤŭ貨ڴɲҥµĵط貨ڳϣ˵ʺˣ
ҹ㲻ٶ˵ˣЩˣңȴ˵ΪΪ֮һɵ䣬˼ôʾˣĽһЦţ˵ѾħҲķ֣ħʤ֮ʲô˵
ˣ֮ͬˣҪЦٴοڣȴǰĿ׼ĪСĪСܸԸ޽ɽҿʦκδҲ׷֮ǰκβףԸ⣿
ĽһĨЦ⣬ڳЦ̫ɣȴû˵κһ仰
Ը⡣ĪСͷҡø˹һ
ڿ˵ʦɽһŮ˽鶼ϷҴ¶ţмĺôΪβԸ⣿ʵ
˵֣ΪʲôһҪԸ⣬ĪС񿴰׳һȥһʦħģƾʲôбǶǸʦħˣɱ𣿸ʦʲôڶҴʦ֮⣬洫Ӹλϣ˭ҺùƾʲôкôҾҪȥ壬ʲô
ҾκˣСԸ顣ҹЦЦ
ǰǴˣ˭Ҳɢǣʦʹ嶼ҼޣҲŲǵءĪСֱ׳
ⳤ˵ĻӶĪСҿҲĽħӰ̫ȥ֪᲻ڵҲܵǣ
죡
һȴҹĽͬʱ
ҹһĽ壬˸̬ʾԷ˵
ڰԪܶ˶貨ڳ֮λˣҲҲգǹغҵӵ飬һԣҵĵӣԼĽд˼ǿӲĿǱ˼֣֣еĵħǷӦ


645 ȫס
Ǳǰ߮齣һУȻֱƺһ˶ɵĶߣƵĺ⡣
ӦҪ󣬱ħҹ˵ǲǳΪ貨ڵĵӣһҪ˳ܣСκ飬û˿أȷԼյǵӣǿܣ
Сӣ貨ڣһСС𵤾˵ʸ񣿡̿ҹ죬Ҳڵ
˵棬һлɽɣĽ֣ħֻصУâȻǿ
ⳤϺ̶ΪĽԾǳ˶ģȫ֣ȷĽĶ֣ԱŭĽ壬ӿ˼֡
Ľ峤ϣҹʱȴֹˣʱ㲻ʺ϶֣ڵǬԪѾƻľ̳ϲֻӵлԪô򵥣ܽԪʩչӶ˵ֶΣɼһֱںŬţǬԪʵ濴ѩ｣Ҫǿ֣ȻʤˣԼҲҪĴۡ
Ľһ£ʵû뵽ҹȻ˶Ĺ֪һʵڲһ𵤾˽⵽ġ
⻹ûã𵤾ǽ𵤾ҹûصΪκһ˶ԸвҪСǲܵ飬»ҪС
㲻õ飬ҹûôģҹ̧ͷŴ溰ҪһҵСͷˡ
üͷ΢壬߸һλĳϣ֮ʧˣƬ֮ٴηأȴɻҡͷ
ҪŻ貨𣿡ⳤϺЦô꣬㻹ǵһôˣǴûһûӡ
ҹһ֮󣬸ⳤϣֱĽߣ̽Է󣺡ĽϣһƸǬԪ𡣡
ǰʦô˰ɣ˵УһеġĪС
ĽȻЩţǱĪСѾˣҲûܡټҹһۿ֢ڣܿˮ˫Ԫʣ֪ԷǬԪƣЩ㹻֤һЩҹĲа취Լڵ
ֻҲҪҲҪٵʱƵҩǵǬԪʩչַޱȹŹ֣ûа취ôֱӵȻԼѾˡ
ĽϣҳȡһֵԪؾţ˺֮ΪˣӦûġҹ˵
Ľ˼ţ͸оҹĺڰԪ
⡭
ĽԾȥԼˮԪͺڰԪĻʣȻδڰԪԪԻǺġ
ڰԪʴΪǿʴɣƺһжڰ֮󣬶ᱻһ㡣
ҹȻĺڰԪԼǻ񾳣Է߳һǶôֲ
ĽסܵķΪ̾ʶҹɵģ֮ǰͼҪǬԪʱַھ֮ǲֺڰԪ
ڰԪʴֻ֮йľԿ⣬ͼʴǬԪʱûгɹУҲĽʮ־ĵط
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ǬԪ𲢷ǱȺڰԪȻԪںڰҲвֵĿЧȴ׵͹ԣؼľǬԪаַһڣ粼һССķ㡣
ʹĽˮԪ˵ԪԣȴҲûа취Ƿƿðűķˡ
ǵʱӦʱ׵ⷨᵱͱֻǵѾûˡ
ѵ£ͼúڰԪʴںڰԪȻûг׹ƣȴҲɹؽǵǬԪѹھĳټ֡
ҹһͽѹǬԪĺڰԪɵȴûиоκηᱬӴڵĿܣҲͱҹܿƵǬԪ
ǣֲССǬԪƿôԭǬԪﻹһӡǴĳЩϹżܵõɣҹпһ£Ǵֱʰ
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ⳤȥԷҲڳ˶һۣһͬҹķȥ
ಡ
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ǡǡͼʱĿľĻᶼûС
ꡭ
նգۿҪҹͷͻȻΧִƬƣһƬռ侹ȫסһУҲڱڡ
˭Ҳ͵ϮʦĪСֱֳǽһȻվҹߣתͷȥҪǲΪʦкڰԪԾǱⳤɱˣҲܣ
ˣΪ貨ڳϣǴɱҪɱģֻǸҹСӣⳤЦһȿڣѾ͵貨ڵ飬ۺʱ˭Ҫֻ֣Լеˡ
̵Ҳ˼ŭ⣬ĪСһ洫ӣȴ赲ִһˣõ
ҹʲôɷҵȻҪĪС˸û񾳷
Ϊһʩչͨ齣ͿԿ⻯𣿡ⳤϼЦ
˵䣬ǵеĹľҵزƺʱܴѳ
ĪСʧɫæ߶ԪϵؼӳźŬǹвɢ
ˢ
ʱһâٿƹĪСһӡҹı
壡ĪС֣űǽҪ»񾳵һƣѾǺѵˣο񾳡
Ҳ޷ڴʱٷȥ
䡭
ҹ֮޴Ĺâ֣˭ҲķʲôǿǾҵıը˾ǻţҲһ˽ĳ̶ȡ
һ³֣˵Ŀ϶ֻҹĽҲܵĲұڸˣҹܵش֪ĽҲܡ
ⳤϺ˶һǸСȻֻһˣÿһ仰˵ʮܣǼ¼ọ̈̄Щʲô֪һʵ̫ˡ
ȿȡһǱӰԱը¶һ߿һ߶ڱԹţ֪ʲô鲻׶Լ֣ʳʼǿס


646 һҪ
һ䣬ŨɢȥֻվҹһˣĽȴ֪ˡ
壬û°ɣĪСҲûȥʦȥֻҹ壬ȷԷû²ŷ͵Ϯһ𵤾˲ˣ
ҹĽ峤ȥȴǿʵ
˹Ľܺáâһ֮䣬ĽѾֻص֮Уҹ΢΢Ƿոնлˡ
ҹæ񣺡СʦǱҵĳΪˣҲӦõġ
ˣĽżԳոһƣҪҲУ貨ڣ˵ֻһжˣлҿһУٲκλ롣
ĽʦáȽе
˲˵ʲôˣ֣Һͽ뿪貨ڣӴɣĽмĽȻһЦ˲ϿĽֻԵħһλϵΪʵܷˡ
Ľϣв𣿡ⳤ⡣
˵òвǰһұ֮ն㣡Ľеħ΢΢һ𣬴һˮı̹⣬ǵ㣬١
ȿ٣ɵþȵҹ̶̵ʱ֮ڣĽƾȻȫ
ˣҹ֮ǰ˵Ϊʵû½ȿǷ龳ǿߣ֮ǰҲĽƣ֣ҲغΪʵˡ
Ľʦã֮ͬˣαطҪֵˣĿ˸˼Σ˾ҴӦ㣬Сؼ޸ɽٸܵ͵Ϯ֮£Ҳضһ¾ʹ˽ô
ŶĽ΢΢ɻ󣬵Ŀҹ֮˼ˣܣҿԼ貨ˣŴӴ˲ԼңСܻ޴½Ӧұ£Ϊѣˡ
ãҴӦ㡣ûԥӦ
ʦ˹ֺ㣬ôͷŹ̫˰ɣĪС߷߲ƽ
˵˭ǳ˹֣ŭ
Ҫ˵ȻȲĽĪСҲСɫ˹ȫմϱߡϧĪС߼ֺ˵ļһﶼǳ˹֣ȻҲһˡ
㣬˵ľ㣬ٻɣ˵Ҳ㣡ĪСһߴƿһ˹ȥ
ţѵҲ貨ڵΪģⳤϵ˹ʲôģΪΪͺܳҲȥˡ
ʱǲ˵ǿɾһ㡣ϾһжֻĽĪС˵ģҹҲòκε֤
޷֤֮ǰǾ貨λĳϣɱ۸
ˣⳤϣΪϣ֮ǰ͵ϮĪСɷ˵Ҳ⣬ȵɨһۣ˵ţȴڲѾʼƫĪСǱȥˣҹȻĪСɷǱ㲻貨ڵˣݻǰδŪ֮ǰֻƾߣóȻ͵ϮҲʧ˳ϵݣҾͲ׷ǵˣҲҪץĪСţϾͬһţһûԺΪ󡣡
ⳤϻҪ˵Щʲôȴȴˡ
Ҫٶ˵Ī뽫ִŪòʰôȵĿд˼ϡ
ȥ̫˵һж˺ֵ˿ͻȻһ󲨶Ȼڳ˶һݡ
лұ뿪ˡĽ忴Ѿ΢΢ͷ
ھ𣿺β죿ʵĿȴҹ
ǰʦѵ飬Ĳ׷ˣĪСЩ
С¾ʹ˽ɣЩõ˽һǺ¡Ľ嵭Ȼ
塭ĪСܲˣϲǶ˳ԷˮǺһ
Ǹʦ˵ģѾκãҲˡҹ˿ЩǱӣǳ˸С
Ҫٶයŷ龳貨ڣҪƾҲֻ˵ǰֵһЩԲʲôõĽ
ˣҲǴǰһȱ۶ĴˣĪС
ҹ΢΢գǰǰʱҲҪײǣȻĻ񾳣Ҳǻ񾳣ΪôöԸİ˵ֶ貨ڵĳϣȻӣҲòӣշǴӳȽϺá
ߡĪСⳤϺ˸ȥˡ
ⳤɫ仯һ£ڻԥĽҪ߳ʱͻȻڣҪĪСս
Ȼһʮ̴ֲʱΪ̳ϣΪ֮ȥսһ𵤾ĵӣһݶô
̵Ȼ֪ʧݣȻ֮£ʵҺⳤ涪ҹڿ˵ˮ˫ԪʣΪҪĽ峤ϣ˵Ļ񾳣Ǿʹ˰ݣպҺⳤˣҪ貨ڵӣһһٵ˵ĿҹϣȻҹĪСɷͬҹĪСȻǾܾսҲǿֻҪջ֮ǰ˵ЩƾݵĻҺⳤ϶Ȼͬ⣬ʹҲܡ
Ųδ涨ϲսӣⳤ룬Ҳ廰Ȩܾ˫ͬĻֻ̨ɡ
üͷøҪʹ£û뵽ҹĽ嶼˵ʲôȴҪ
˵Ҳ޵Ҫ˵ӵȷЩʧˡؼףҹ˵ģĽ˵ЩȻûʲô֤ݿ֤ȴʮа˾ģȥϸ׷ѾڸˣȴҪʵЩŭ
֮˴ȵءˡĽʦͽкܴ󲿷ԭΪһòĪҹϢشǧ󣬺׾ٵκĽǬԪơ
˵ҹûе㱳ôšȿɽһЩҹбԮ˵ܰ貨ǰ
̸Ͳ˼ڶԷѾ׼ֵʱ򣬻ҧŶԷš
ĽϣΣȿ˶ѾģֻĽ塣
Ҷ𣬡ĽĿ⣬ĽҲ׼ҪսⳤϺ̳ˣһս֮ҪսСǣұٲˡ
ⳤϺ˶Ǵ˸£ҪĽһ֮սǻлսĪС𣿿¾ԵûȻ˰ɣ
ҪսĪСģ˭뵽ȻĽˣⲻû¶¶
׼ȿһ£ȫ֮¾ʹգ˭Ҳʲôս֮£Ľʦã㻹ǴСȥɡ
뿪貨֮ǰһҪ󡣡Ļ̌ͷ
˵


647 
սⳤϺ̳ˡĽٴ˵
üȻ˵ʹգĽʦôһ𣿡
ǰͬҪͬʱսˣĽƽ糣սݣ
ȻĽû˵δҶóŭˣΪѾУ뿪貨ڵʱⳤϺ̳ˣȴϷŹĵӡ
ԭҲȷˣĽͻȻԼˣ׷ͿȥܰˣԺܻнϵ鷢
ҲʶأĽħһǺ˽ģһֱˮȥʲôһΣȻǿƵҪ˾սǿ϶ǲĿģĲݡһʱֹˣѱպ󲻱ĳͻ
һʱ䣬ҲΪ֪׼һսĽ϶ǲޱȣⳤϺ֮УȻһĽȻǿܷȫˣҲö֪
貨˵ζһⱾȴòˡ
սĪС̿ɫɶ֪ε׶༪٣µҲûа취ȥڣֻӲͷƤǰˣҪսҲȣڸĽʦ֮䣬ҪҾս֮˵
СܾսĽ䣬̣ΪŮӣȴһֱ뾡һа취ѰҰԼİ취㣬ȴûκɿԾܾң貨ʮ꣬Ѿ˽ʮ̨սĻᡣ
貨ڵڶ࣬ԹҲڶ࣬ƽʱȻɵӻ֮߳˽ÿ꣬ſ̨սһˣȨһֱۻ
Ľʮû˾Ȼӵнʮξսˡ
ĿⶼĪСϣҲף϶ܾȻĽս񾳳ϣҹ𵤾Ϊ̨ǾͲֱ̨̨ˡ
ҡĪСһ£Ŀⷴҹţջǿڣ̳ϵս
СĽҲԾԱܿķգĪСȴΪʲôҪȥأ
һĪСʵȷ˺ܶ࣬һԾ˻񾳣ⲢԻܻ񾳵̣¶ԷҲС
̳˵ҿԴСӦսҹʱſڵĽϷģ̵ʵɱҡ
Ľ廹Щģҹ֮ǰֳأ޷ԷΣȷǱĪСҪȫöࡣ
޷ȡʤĪ֮ҪɱҹҲԲһ򵥵顣
¶һ˿ЦƶѾգ׻ǿɱһйߡ
ȻɱĪСĽʹ࣬˶ںľսгƫⳤ˸Ļᡣ
ҲɲֻȽҹȻ취

̨ʵһ̨෴òһ޴ӣܶǲ˽ƵʯڣǻȫʩչͨҲƻУһ󼫿տĶרΪ˽Թ衣
̤̽䴦һȦȦƣˮһ㡣
ҹôɽ֮УϮĽ峤ϣԲ˵Ļ񾳣ұ㿴Ļ񾳣ҲССĽ𵤾վ̨Ͽգţƺҹһ볡ͻöԷء
ҹûгɣһ֮Ѿ̨У̧ͷŻƮẉ̂ЩмЦ˵ÿһ仰ģˮԪʣǬԪƣҾ̶ȣʩչˮԪҪǿĽڵǬԪ𣬸ʩչһ޶Ϣû˿˵㣿
㡭̱˵ɫһһףǾԲϵģ벻ʲôԼѡ
㵱ȻϣΪ貨ֻҪϣûʵʵ֤ݣͿˣͿԻúúõģҹ˵ţĿҲ΢΢һ£ǧã򲻸ã׼һʱ򣬻ҪôߣҪԼһӣֱûҪԼоҪΪ㣬Ǿ治ǻСҹˡ
ߣ˵ã޷֤֣һжɵ̨У㻹лŻȥĻ𣿡̲پЩֻЦҹܴΪƾĪͿԸҽֵʵ̫ˣ棬㻹лʩչ̨ķΧôһֶΣΣ
̫ˣҹƽ˵ԼɵΪ˻һԺܶҪĶֻҪһȣͻܲسƴҵڣ㻹Ϊֵֻӣʵڲò˵̺ޣɵܾȵġ
ȥڱŭˣ֮䣬ϲĽҹϯ¡
ҹҲ¶ȻһȻȥ
潭ӷˣҹȴվڷϳ˵ŪȻߣܹǲôһ׷ϡ
ҹٶȺÿ죡һλ΢΢ü˵
Ѿﵽ˽𵤾۷ٶ˰ɣһλЩɻ󣬡ֻǽ۷壬ǻ޷ѿ̵ĹŶԣҲҪ񾳵ͨٶˡ
һʲôͨгɻţûпͷŽ𵤳ͨôʩչģ
ӦһϵԴͨĿ̾˽ۣĪССѾͷ˴ֵıǽϣҲһͨǧȻԸ񾳿⣬˵ҲҹֱʣʵĪ⣬֪ĸŵţ
ʦµģ𣿡ĪСʱŵ˵
Ȼ֣Ҳ֪أԽ𵤾ԾǶԷ֮ϣҹȫ·֮УĲŹ֡
Ȼ㵣Ϊ֮ǰҪӦսĽεΪʦȻҵġ
Ҳ밡ĪСίǴ崫ң˵ʦոջָҪǴʱ˹ִĻʮа˾ͬھĽȻ˵ӦҾʹӦˣ
Ľ̾˿֪һȻҹ״ҹԼ
ҹҲ˵ĽһܵйⳤҲֻһԵ˵Ľ涼ָ۷壬ҲҲӽſܡڵĽҪ˻ɱѶʵ̫󣬺ܿҹϵģһͬھĽ
İɣµĽҲֻܿοĪСˣȻ˵ԣǿ϶ʮİգģãҲǸƽֵĽ֡
̨֮ˣ棬ҹȴԵҪеöࡣ
̤֮ǧһ֮䣬󷽾˵ϯԲ˼ĽǶӵȫĵص㣺֮ǰ˵Ļ񾳣仰ȷԣ
ЦһڲҪģˣ
ûˣҹЦЦ˵㲻˻񾳣˵һα񾳡


648 ʳɺ
̱ΪҹҪĿڣԼһ£ʹҪôԷ˵Ƕ׼ˣȴһ䶼˵
ʮַŭҲʮ֣ҹʲô˼һССĽ𵤾һʱùȥܶһƾʲôôţڶ֪Ϊ
ҵΪҾ㿴ʵһ֣ҹϯķˣһӷֳϸһˮ˷ҹƶ
̨Ŀռܴ󣬵ٴҲһޣ־棬ҹôҲֻܴһܣÿһ򶼱ˮռݣҪȥĻֻܸһˮӲƴͻƳȥ
ǺǣʵǺܲҸҪʩչǬԪƵӣΪǬԪϵ裬ԶԶˮԪҪõöࡣҹЦţ΢΢һƵøŨתۼҪҹζסˡ
̵ǰƺǳһӰˮмķ϶棬ҹ֮յش˹ȥ
Ҫ֪ˮǶֱ˻̸ӵĲãϵر仯ŷλͽǶȣۻҵĳ̶ȣԼûа˵жܳҹȴˡ
ⲻֻٶȾˣжԷжҲһǳԤϡ
ܴǧССļ벻ķۡĽʱҲһȴ˵
ǧɲѰС룬ǧ󼸺ǰˮԪı仯֮ӵ˼£ҹ£ɵش˶ûоɼʶ֮ٶ֮ĬͲѰܿƵġ
һʼʹ˵طֶϣôܳɹأ
̵ȷǼˣҪԼĹܼһЩطֻܵ˳̶ȵǹڴΧĹҹʵӲҲʲô⣬̸ɱˡ
Ȼǻ񾳣Ԫ޾ģҹҲδؾͲʲôԷֻһζ£ĸǿԺԲơ
ôȥ治֪˭Ȱ˭Ͽˡ
һ񾳣һ𵤾ƽֱ֣ĸоڳĻ񾳶ͬܡ
λ룬Ǵ̣ǲصסҹǹһδ֪һ˲ҿ϶Լܱøá
ôôȥ˼𣿡ҹš
б㲻Ҫزصģܻ
㽲ҹԹţһ񾳣֪߳ܵս𵤾ǱǿԾܾģǿôûĽ峤ֱӰ˵ķϣӭսôľٶ㾹Ȼһøж˵ҲҪ㣬ǻ񾳣ǽ𵤾ҴһԣˣҪ
ҹ˵ţһ˵˵ҹҲͣ
ҲЩ죬û񾳣Ҫһ𵤾ܴܲùҲ湻˵ˣû취ĴŶԷ
Լط򣬵֮ϾԲҹܿģ򲻵ϣٴҲûʲôá
Ҿ˵α񾳣ҹЦţҲ֪ôĻ񾳣ǻ񾳿ɲ֮ܵѣҪط֪Щ֮ôòܵӦ֣ӣ˵ǵӦˣöЩ㻹˵Լα񾳣ٲӰѾĻҿɾͲˣ
˵ЩʱҹڣæµǳҲǱǳǱ˭Ҳ˵ˣΪһͷû˵
ȥҪƽˣһ龳߿ӵȻҹСӲûֱӴ̣Ѷʵ̫һЩɹ൱ľԪʶ֮Ҳľ޴󣬿ԼûʶѾҹȦ֮УһⳤҪʤĽ壬һЩϣڿǾһˡ
˵һʼˣϵؼụ̆ٳûԪʶĽܸ׻ʤһ龳˵
ˣСʵǽƻλϵҲҪ൱ʵУֲֿٶȣǿʶ֧ţҲ޷֣⻹̨Уǵ棬Ǳ̸ǿĻ񾳣ҲκβҹֺˣҲȫˡ
Ŀ΢ҡҡͷλ˵òҿλСҹ
Ŷλ龳һȣѵΪսʤ̵Ŀܣ
ѵûз֣Ѿʧȥ𣿡ҡͷ̾Ϊһ񾳣˵Ӧ׾ܻܽ𵤾ȴҹεƿŽ࣬ҹ˵ȻΪѾ뻯񾳣Ǿȴֻһα񾳶ѡ
һα񾳣ҹҲû㹻ɣһɻ
Ҳ֪ҹϣδûķҲǿԴͨޱĹͷɥʧ֮󣬻᲻ᱻһֻԵҡҡͷ
Ϊ뿴Ǵ˿ҲûȨֹһƴɱ̳ٴսĪСʱ򣬾Ѿעкýˡ
ȸǸоҹڿڽʱﻹż˷ܡСӡǺҪɱְ̣貨ƴûкʵĽɱˣ޶˵鷳̾ʱ򣬸ޱ˯ҹ˸ͷԷΣﶼˡ
ͣǸ˹ָſ£ͣĪСҹرݣ·մ˷㵸ϵⳤʾơ
ⳤϴʱɾͲˣǰŸһ˼ɱҹĪСҲĽңڿҵŶԡ
״̬˵ǶĽˣһսǶڵҹҲ׶༪١
һܻһΪΪУⳤȫһƬ䡣
ͻȻȻ𣬳ĳȥҪӳ貨ڡ
Ȼһ̣ǰһ޴ıǽ޴ĳ̶Գһɽӡ
ⳤϣߣĻ̌ͷԶӵⳤϣѵҵľսǰ𣿡
㡭Ľ壬ܷһ·պٸΪСⳤ
ôĽ嵭ȻʵϴǰΪ𣿡
ǰҲԣҼ츳ˣȻӲ֣ÿ˶֪貨ڻ񾳵һˣڰħȴ貨ڳ֮λЩһֱһֱĻҪȥĳͷΣⳤվڱɽ֮ǰЩûڵ˵ЩҲԣԸȥְ֮ԨڹĽϷһ·
֪Աζңû̫⣬ĽƽǴ˿ȴʮֺ£ԼȥѰϹżʱұѾֲԣ˺͵ϮңұѾ֪Ҫɱ֣ǣ㲻ҵĵҲһƣɽ󣬻һΪҸ


649 ҪͰ
ҡⳤϿЦһĽһӣĽ׾پͽ𵤾񾳶û̫谭Լȴٰ㲻˳ǽ뻯񾳣Ҳҹ˵ΪĻ񾳣α񾳣޷ȵ㣬ֻгһգһܱţ˭뵽һͽ㣬ȻջһתĪС츳ʾȻҪʤ㣬ΪˣҺ̲Ż޿̡
ڲΪҪĽ˶ԷĻһжעֻ˽һζԹʱ򡣡
ﲻ̨㲻ɱңⳤ仰̾;תķ򣬡һ桭
ȻĽûеȴٿڣ̧ӿһƬƬѩֱΧٵתţһ۵㡣
һµʱǵѩ۶˳תⳤϾȥ
ⳤϻӽҪâһѩâƣıǿ֮ͨƮɲ
ΪԼߣҲúµʱһīķɽӰعᴩⳤϵؿڡ
ڰħⳤЩţħɱң
ѾףȻɱˣڰˮУûκβֻͬͬɱ˵ľѣԺڰ֮ɱ㣬кβɣĽ嵭˵
˵ָһǵڰӰȻʧⳤڰƬ̼㲻ˡ
һڵĳ϶˭˵ĹŹ֡
ڽֹ˽ĽֱӽһɱˣȻǴŹ棬֮ǰ˾Ѿ˵Ҫ̨⵹Ҳ㲻ʲôؼɱ˵ַ
Ѱ֮ͨɱˣҲڲ飬ɸոĽõȴǺڰħǰ룬ħŵ貨ư
Ľ岻֪ܲ£ˣ˵Ͳ£˵Ѿںˣǹ貨ڿġ
Ҷλ˿ȥĿһֱ̨ûзһ̶ģһ̨ȥ
ⳤϣ˾˰ɣһ̨Ҳһ˵Ҳ̫ˣһжһְţѹĽ峤ϣԷ̼ʮ꣬ȴҪŪĪСҲѹĽôĻҪɱⳤϲɡ
Ǵʱһ̨ʱ̾ͷвͬѾ֮ǰĴָˮ׷ҹ˴ƬˮԪûɸַ̬ٿţҹȥ·һһ¡
Ȼûҹ죬ǿóһò˶೤ʱ䣬ҹܻܿᱻɱ
ˢ
ˮǧһԲε״ҹΧǵһνҹΧס̵¶˼ֵ΢Ц
ҹ㻹ӵȥ̵
ţ㻹Ǳңʵս֮Ҳ֪ӦþͲȥ취ˣԼĴڸˡҹ̵ûʲôã㻹ɱң֮ǰһζ㣬ֻǸѣΪЩˮԪ𣿡
ǲˮԪ֮ͨ̾
ͨģԼʩչģǱϾԪ˵ֻα񾳣ܽм֣ңͿԽ֮ǿҹЦ
ͻ֮Ϊ𣿡һ˵ŲţȴޱȽҹ
ֻһ˵û뵽ˡҹЦš
̴ŭԷͷʱ򣬾Ȼ뷽跨׽Ū𵤾ӣǧǵһˡ
ʢŭ֮£ǵ»ûˮֻһȴһ޴ˮˮβӣҹȦУҪҲܵġ
ÿÿֻҪҹһˮͻŻζƺǰͰҹһеĺ·жϡ
޴ˮȻûͣţڻر仯ѹҹĿռ䣬ڼ䣬ҪžԵľ裬ֹҹԼиʱˡ
ѽ޿ɱˣֻóҵ汾ˡҹܿ˿ЩЦؿǵ
ۿ˶һѵҹһֱڲſʼֶ
˭Ҳ֪˵Ǽ٣Ŀתţ´һ
ֻҹ֣ӻͳˡһʯ
Ҫʯ¸̣һ
ҹŪһʯʮö֮࣬ƾЩ̷ŹҹȻǲ̫ܵģóʯ˼ʲôأ
תɽ䣡ҹ˫ǰһƣöʯУ󲿷ֶȻ̵ķȥ
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ʮöʯͻȻ֮γһ޴ηĴɽɽȻ·ѹڲˮһӱɽѹסĳһ壬ݺݵشӿг
ˮǻûѣɽľ޴ײʱͷɢҲ֮ǰȻҲٵסҹӳ
֮ǰѾ˼õһΧȻҹʮʯΪۣɵش뿪ˡ
ⲢǽʵҹҲûһˮȱڣ̾Ӵڳȥ
ֻվԭؿ̣ɽ֮󣬺Ȼһٴα޴ıը󲿷ֶǳ̵ġ
ҹǰһεϣԼķ
Ǳߣһͬûи̫˺ҲǱȽǱЩ
̹ңңԣֻصӣǸոһǰ״ˡ
̺ҪںҪƽֵĽִ꣬øⳤһɱĽĻᣬܱҪǿöࡣ
ڲˣΪһʱⳤѾʬ嶼ûˡ
޷ҹ״̬ĽϣǺֹ·һֱǲ֪ôġ
һ˵취ҹˣҲһ·һΪʱ򻹵øĽս
Ȼ֮ǰѾˣҲĽùˣǵͷмԸȥģֺòײ˻񾳵ˣҪˣһоһ˰ˡ
˼ȥõİ취ǰҹƷֻסȴɱһҹǷһ飬ĽӣӦþͲٶϾɱˡ
ɿҹЩᣬСܵñȷ绹죬Ⱥ껹ҪƻҪɱѣοҪܣ
ôôܻ׽ĽǷһ飬˳һ𣿡ҹͻȻǺЦţһ̵뷨
Ѿ񾳣һãȻĸо
Էһ֣뷨͵
Ҫץңɲ̫ףվﲻһܶûСҹЦҪͰ


650 ʫһ
ս˶оʱĻЩˣ֮ս֮ǰķҲҧģһòѾ붯ˣһǹôһ֮ͬд
ҹѾɱ㣬սƽֿɺãԥ֮ǰ飬ȷҺⳤϵĴ֮ЩҲⳤϵĹƻҲߵһĻڹĽ峤飬ֻҪһ·סһΪ֮⣬ôҶС
ôⳤˣԾͰһ𣿡ҹüë㵽ڲ뵽ҪͣЩ𣿡
Ҽǵо仰˵سɷĻڹѵܸһڹĻ𣿡̳Ͽҵ
ţ仰ҲùѾĹˣϷǺõģҾͿɷɡҹŶԷ˵һͨ顣
㡭治ܷһ·𣿡ٴΰ
֮ǰŴμӺĽϵʱΪʲôûڹҪСʱΪʲôûҪڹΪû˶ۣһǸĴҹһЩ貨ڵϣұҲûҪնɱ㣬Сһ̣ʵѾǱˣֻҲûϵٶܳһʱ䣬ȴҪѡʱǣֻԴˣȫûϵĽҲսǰɣҪ۵ʱ˵Ҫڹûп𣿡
ҹΪѾԶң̶Ȼֻǲͬھ㲻ͬ⣬Ҵնɱ㣬ѵΪɱ𣿡
ţȷΪģҹǺҪ֤ʵҿôɱҵģ˵һı⡣
ףҹͲܸı⣬Է˵ģ֪ĪС֮󣬶Էûдţֻһ⡣
֮Ҳ˵ʲô֮ȼһ̨ڵ¶Ҳڼš
ǬԪƣ˵ֶΣû㣬ʵԪ˵û̫Ĳ𡣡ҹĿעŶԷĶȴû˿Ľš
ǬԪƣԲ˽⵽ǬԪƵж̴һ棬ҹȻ㲻ԸҺͽ⣬ֻúüʶһ£ʵˡ
𣿡ҹЦǬԪƵ֮ʩչ֮ʱ֮ͨʶ֮ĿƣγڷĴڣڷ󱬿˲䣬ᳬԪ𣿡
㡭ôȫ̴֪ʧɫ
ǬԪƲ貨ڵһصżҵΪͨޱȣͿԶһֶΣû뵽ҹȻҲ֪һ
ⳤˣ츳ȷ̫ãȴҲûôƩǬԪƣȻɹ˲䷢ӳԭ֮ʱȴҪܼʹ࣬һСģͻᱻԼԪˣҪԣԵɹˣԼ㣬ҲˣһʼͽΪԼ޵ͨʵһǱȲĽ峤ϣҲ޼ֻϧһֻ뽫Ϊһ͵ϮֶΣʹԵҲʧԭƣʵǿϧҹϸؽš
ÿ˵һ䣬̵ɫѿһ֣Ȼȫ֪ҹ˵Ǽ٣ܵظоЩƺġ
ôһֱڶĽĶʺ֮УǺĽ廹õһ츳ѵĵӣɱ⣬ǴǬԪƣƾһƾܻĽƣ˭˵Ϊ貨һŮأ
һжĽĴ̵ЩŤˣħͲҵˮԪӴȴȻΪħԭľӲÿÿ̸ʱȻ貨һˣô׹;

ǵأʱѾ̨һƬ𺣣ҲûκζԴ
ҹ֪һɱĽ壬ˣǸСѾͷ϶ѹΪôΪĽĽὫһеһӶģѾ㹻ˡ״Ʒħһ㡣
ῪЦúھɱһҹͷĻںǬԪȻǲһûңûôǬԪҲǶѣɣҿ㲼õǬԪôȥĶˡ
̲֪ҹ˵ʲô˼ؿԷм񣬵ĻͨĻһȼյøˡ
Ļڻǻڷںһ㡣
Ƭ֮Щϳһ̫ͼ̨ڵ¶ҲٴӣһЩ޹صڳߵ¶֮£Ȼȼ
̿·Ǹ˻ھվţǸûзǬԪѾҪˣһ̾ǻصͨ
ĪСڽôǻ񾳵ĴУһĽ̨ڣȫ޲ڡһƳ̨ܵʯ֮⣬Ҳκζˡ
˵ҹǽ𵤾ʦĽ棬Ҳδؾܽӵʮɣҹʱȴ
˾븳ʫһףҹĻᣬڿ˵
һڣƬ貨ڳˤôɵ¶вУ˶ԾΪڶʫأ
󺣰ȫˮ󰡣ҹɲܱôģԹԵִֻʫҲûʲô͡
ţִҲͲˣ˭ҹʫˮƽ̫أ
һ֮ҹûͣɴ˵ϣһһܹ١
Ҫʲô٣
Ǹоʫ⾳Ҫټһף֪᲻ʣ
սҲв洫ӣҹˣɷ׷״Ȥ
ЩһۿţҸעҹϣܸоõܹǺӡ
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찡ѵҲһ𣿴˵ж⣿
ҹȫĺԹԵصţһڹʥʱԵҪ˲١
ʵԭҲΪϴεʱûüϸȥǾʵϣʩչʱҪԼʶһģҲ˵ûǿʶǶҲûа취ӳ
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䡭
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ҹǷԪӲħѾˣԪЩڷʣȻǿӳɵЧԸҲ㹻ˡ
յĻҲ޷֮ǰһһ籩ҹһ㣬˿̵գȻĻ棬Ѿ·̶ֳȵĻɢ˵ҹǿȣһ𵤾ȥҲܵʲô˺ġ
ڴ󾪣ô£òײµƣȻֻԷ͸ˣҶԷҵ١
벻ô°ɣҹûͣڵϣǱħһԾ𣬽²̳֮ȥ
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ⲢܣͻȻ֣ƺûи̫˺͵ҲֻǴӹѡ
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ҹӰ漴ͳǰ룬ƾҹȥ
һƿΧĻҲչҪ²»Ƶġ
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𣿡ĪСæĨ飬ٴعۿ
ˡ
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ûпӦʧ--ģȳĬһ²Żڵ
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ǻʲôأλ鳤϶ɵ
˭޷ȵȻһЦ˴㣬ֻҪĽʦû貨ڳϣĪС㻹貨ڵĵӣվֻǵ


652 ط
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ϴĪС˵ҹҪͨҹԼûѧʲôͨѡʱѡһġ
ڷ֮䣬ߵԶ仯޳ңĵİ
ʧ֮УҹʧúԶӰӣȻֻص̵ĸǰ
Ԫ󣡡ҹһ
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̲òٴγ֣Ԫ󲻿סȴԼԪٱɣǾʲôܵζ
âһȻûҪӿ˼̵֡ٶҲǼ죬ڷһ֮䣬Ȼ˳ȥ
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ߣ𣿡¶һ˿Ц֪ǬԪһϹż֮еõģ֪һԱøǿǸϹż棬һõһЩĶ뿴ʲô𣿡
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㵹мȷֻܱһԪٴһ£û뵽Էһ۾Ϳ˳ΣȫûԪȣǻһƽһģͺһͨˣ޷ɱһȴһƿǧ


653 ҽ
̵Ļûдͨ˵ͬһ㡣˵ǶͨˣǶЩؼ켶ĹߣҲǸ߲ʵĴڡ
ֵʱ򣬰Ⱥλ龳ĳ϶ٴü
ҹ֪ӶԷϲֶΣ֪˾Բͨŵӡ汻̴Ļ̨ϣԷһ׷ܿһ޴鷳
貨Ҳ޴½֮һζ貨ȫûмɻ䣬ЩţҲ˿ġ
ʱ˭ҲʲôѵҪ̰ⳡռֹͣȻɱȻǲܵģ
һ̷ľսҹնɱԷ̨ϣûʲô˵ģֻ˵Ѱ·пܷɱ£ֹٽɱĻθ貨ŵӽ
貨ټţܸ˵ӡԻٳǣڴ£ֻԹۣ̬ķչ
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ĪСһνӣƲƲ˹ɵˣֻʣԪҸŰ
ŶĽ循
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ĪСĻȻСвʱһƬɤӲġ
⿿ܿŰǡţɣ
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ҹãΪкڰħӿһ˲ܻܿЩҪ鷳óĽʱҹ־ҲʣѽɱˣʱٻҲˡ
ˣѾǽ𵤾ˣʺȭͷʶһҵĽ𵤣ҹһ£âһڹĽ𵤳ϡ
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̶ͷðѪ۾ȫһһСǡ
ΪʲôѾûԪΪʲôôԼȻȴ޷Լش
شģֻһżӲԵӵĽ𵤡
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ѾٶɱˣҹٴλȭһȭжԷϣΪһ£ȻҲΪû֣ҶĻǽ
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ȻһֻɶƮȴ֪Ļţ˵ԷǾŽʦǿ϶һǡ
ֲú춼ôҹԭݱ£أ
֮ǰѾҹʶǿ󣬲Ȼ÷飬֪ҹֻһŽʦѣ
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ȥ龳һֱҹЩͷģ貨ڲȥ׵ʵҲôģʵȺλ龳ˣҲֻЩ鷳ѣǾһﲻ
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Ľ岢⣬Ҫ貨ڵ֣ҹҲþܾ貨ڵĺ⡣
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ððϲûˡ˭ϲ˵ãһ˵ĪС۶ǶǵĹâ뵽˷ܵ顣
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ĽʦҲŵĹض˶ģսˣⱾҲǼ£ֻеļ̫󣬴һʵĹսܿһµĴ֮·ȿĽ廹Ϊ˵ʱֿ˼ģĽûΪⳤϵ貨ġ
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ȳһ£λ鳤ϣԷҲû˵ʲôǿڵģʽҲȷӱһԣСҪԣҲһ£ǰļλ洫޷սʤָһ£ҲԺĵ档
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ףô˵ҲŶĪСҪҹԷæ㿪ֻĪСЦ
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Ӻܶ˶ʶų洫ӣû֮һ
ŵʱֻͨŵ죬ãʲôת壬Ȼܽ洫С
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Ϊ˷йԼĲ˵۸ĪСһˣÿλԻָСʦõΪ
ǰ˽£һֻ̫֣Ҫɴذ̨ϾͺˣҲʾһ£Լ洫ӣҲǿˡ
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ʦֲ˵ˣȫûϸ飬ҵʱĪСҲֻѣ˭Ҳ벻̶ʱͳɾ˽𵤾΢΢ЩΣǴǰĽʦҲ̫ϿˣҲĵŶ֪ǵĵѣĽʦҲ͸Ϊˡ
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֪Ҫߣ貨ڵ洫ӣһŵġ
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ôһĪСѾսʮˣȻܶ඼һʤУôȥ֧ŵһλأҪ֪洫ӿɶĸ֣һвͬأο滹ٸˡ
ҹСͷǲѾ֪ˣĽҹ
ǺǣֹŹֵĹ涨ʱҾͲµҪһսЩˡҹ
Ϊʲô취ıͷĽЩ⣬ոս𵤾սʤ洫ЩֻԼһӰ


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Ǻǣû뵽㿴˰ҹҲʾ۸С۸һҪأҵʵ̫ˣҪһĴ󷨱󶼲£Ҫ棬Щ˶۸һ飬ҲʹһϧûУֻСܵίԼ۸ȥˡ
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֪ȻӺʱĪСԷʮа˾ŲҹӦа취ġ
Ľôô룿˵ķԸ貨ȫǿߵģԸĻʲôģòҹŵСֻһʱҪݺһأģ϶һҪţֹİɣǲᱻģΪ֪Լļ
ǾͺãĽЩģҹĻЩЧģҲҪ̫貨ڵ洫ˣȻսʤ̣Ҳ㹻֤ĳЩ񾳸δؾͲܣҲ˵֣α񾳶ѣ
Ľ˵ţȴ룬ҿҹʵûôǿ˵ľȻ㹻ǿ֮󣬻ƴѹ貨ڣĪС۸顣
Ȼ㹻Ľ˵־ٶ̫Щ
ˣԪô£Ľܴ
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ҹĺڰԪ棬ܵ˼䴿ϢӵкڰԪˣҪӾһ㡣
ǺǣеԪҲСҹҲûϾԷҲǸкڰԪˡ
Ľ΢΢һ֪ҹ׵Ԫ֮һֱҲ²ҹͬʱӵкڰԪû뵽⾹Ȼġ
ˮԪͺڰԪǱ˴ûгͻ׵ͺڰкܴĳͻˡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģ˲ҲͬʱӵˮԪݵˮ֮ܵͣο׵ͺڰأҹЦ
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ҹȻ˵Ҳûʣֻרĵؿ̨
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ˣ̫ˣĪСԹţȻִ³ʵܾܾܲǰ䣿
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ִ³ϿŹ涨ÿӶȨ̨䣬Ҳûа취ƶԷ㻹˵ĺƼɣԣ㻹ҪҪˣȥЪЪ
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ִ³ǰ䣬Լôһ䣬ʱпǽҵҵﲻֱ̨Ϣȥ
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˸ղִ³һ仰ּʶĪСѲ񣬴󲿷ֵֻҪһ̨̾ͻȨ䣬ʡһٱŰһԼԸСʦһʶ˶Էķȡ
ȻĳЩǰȴΪû䣬˷ܵĪС۸øдʱһΪԼĴǵʮޡ
ǰĪСЩֵ洫ӣһ֪Щ汾µġ
ǵս˶ĵ֮󣬾ȻһоϢ˥䣬Ǹ̨ʱӣʵ˺ͷۡ
ͨ˴̨˭Ҫ̨ʼһ·򵽵ף˶۵ſˣĪСʿͬǵԴǵҩֻҪҩϣеһжˡ
ֵڴˣ̨Ĺ̨սˣǲ;õҩģĪС˵ǰ˭Ҳûмõҩôһأ
ֻмϸĵ˲Ż֣ᷢĪСȻûгԹҩÿһսʱܻóһӰ棬Ҳ֪ڸʲô
ȻʯĪС˵ʯգͲκθֱӾͿ廯
˵Ǳ˿ǿˣ˭Ҳûа취˵סֻǹ涨˲ܳԵҩû˵ʯġ
һƬɻ̨ĪСܿ͵һٶʮλá
洫ĪС𳵵ķʽ㣬һ·߸ͽģҲҪһ¼ˡ
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ȱҪսⳡȣǿĪСսݣֻҲˡ
˵֮ǰһĪСľֻ̬ȣǵҲûˣٶдԼģĪСҲս˴ʮˣһֱڶ˶ûУѾһ漣οƣ̬ûС
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һϿʵһҲΪЩεĽ𵤾ӣвٶ֪ĻĪСһҲԸǣܴܻ񾳳ϵĸҹ
Ҳ˵ҹ⼸춼ָĪСٿĪСĽҲûʮİӮĻǾͲֱúãûд򣬴Ҳ֪֮᲻ӮһƭԼĽڡ
Ǵ֮ʧˣǾҲûнڣֻܳԼĪСˡ
ǳĹ˼ɣĪСһٶλʱһڵǰʮ
ʮ˺洫ĪСսʮߺʦָ̡֣ĪСǰ洫ӣһθֳɫ


658 
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лʦ֣ܿͲΪҸˣΪ֪һˣĪСĿⶢŶԷ۾Ϊ洫ӣ۸ҵΪߵһҴǰһֱ⣬ΪʲôôߵʵҲҪ洫һ۸СС½洫ΪȤҲ֪Ϊʦһֱ洫ǿһУһǿܵ˴ԾҪһСйĲֺܺãϧĲ
첻͵Ǳøˣǰһʦֻúָ㣬֪ǱпɽҲܹ鲻貨ҰΪ貨ڵ洫ӣӦʦ֣֪ʿɶֹɫ˿˵
ףĪСۿŶԷʦ־Һܺõķ̲ģΪ֪ʲôʿɶֹ
ʦҵʦֽҪú÷Щʱˡ˵ţѾһ齣
֪⻹ɺϣҾãʺʮ˺λãĪСٴԴ˼Ц֮ǰףλʦһϣҲףʦʮ˺λһӣһӶ졣
ʵһΪʺʮ˺λ˿һº͵ʦ֣Ŷʦõĳ谮ҲףʦλܺúҪʦ
ţһģҵʦңܰ۸ҵˣȫڽ۸ȥĪСǽһӣ֮ʱһƥ
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͵ĶȴͻȻ֮ñŭĻ齣ӿĪСӳǵƥײһ
ĪСƺ΢΢һ
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ȷ洫нǿһˣϿʵ˼ܣӲױ¶ԼʵǰĵǸѲһЩǶСָոս𵤾֣ȱӦսľܣСӣǼھʤǲֹۡĽ
ʤСģҿڷ״̬ΪƺҪսĿ꣬һս֮Ӧòս˭ˣһս֪ԼռƵ£ӦûŬʱ䣬öԷ⣬ϵĴڣ֮һȡʤȻС龫֣ôȡʤҲ֪֪۸С϶ᱻúܲҡҹûںԷʵĪСʮ㡣
ڿСѾڸӲƴȥòƸûз̵ĻᣬĽ忴Щģľ籾ͱСȹ̣ӲƴȻҲռ˸ıˣȥԿֻСˡ
Ҫöռ㹻ıˣԷŻⰡҹǺЦţڣҲСѣ̨֮ĳأٲҲδؾܴʲôһ˼ܣóĻ˸ԼⱾһֺܴ
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Ŀⶼ̨ϣʱĪСӷٳȴҹһʱŽȥˡ
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Ľ΢΢üȴӹۿš
սĵǣ龳ȺλϣʱҲǷʲôʶעһնĽ
ۡ
ǽײ˴֮以ݣƣ˲ͽĪСУǾڴΪĪС𺣣޷Ծʱ˱ǽնһ㣬ȴĪС㹥ơ
һƣĪСɣеıǽͬɽϵ硣
ȻŰӿȴʼնߡ
ĪСסǰĻ˻ǽһնʼգĽŲûһʮּᶨŻ˵Ĳٿߣʦȥ
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ĪʦãȻЩֶΣǾ㿴ʦЩӣһֱڲͨɡҲĪСֶΣ˿̾ɶԷʩչȥ
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һ仰˵꣬ǱߵĻȻʧ齣ڿз˼Σ⸡֣̳һɵ״״仯ƺһֻ
֮ȻɣһкȻŨҵ
֮ǰٿصĻ棬ȻǿҲǻˣȴڵһЩڴǷ̬ӰĻ棬ȴǴӾǧɸ߿ӿµĻ
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˴ͨȻֻಫʱſʹóȻûнͨٿ磬һʲô飬ҪҲͲˡ
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ҹȴ֪Ǵ˿Сʩչתܣɺ绯ӰһɱлܶùȥĪСȻڻãҲ
ˡ
Ƶ˲䣬̨ĪСΪģͻȻ֮ǹһ̫յ۾
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659 ǿ󽣵
Ǹ϶ԼƣԲ̫ġҹ˵
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Ϊԭ򣬽̨ƵĳԳˣʹһͨջҲް취ֻĪСûپ貨ȫȡ
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Һʱˣոһʽ»Ȼһƿز̫磬ȴЩУھǶ˹ȥҲǽҶѣĻüƺܽܶԷֺо
ԼˣʩչǷ𣿸һֻ»ĸѣֻ𼦣ĪС²۵Уͨǽƿصò̫磿Ǹǿʩչʩչոˣ޴ȥƿأûյԼˡ
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ϻҪռϷ磬ôվ󶼲֪ĪСƲ첻мһ˵ǲһ͵ϮȡʤĻԲŻһֱվȻҵʱֵĻ㻹ܺúվ𣿡
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ô־ܣڽ𵤾ʱҲˣǿԪĻŶĪСҪǿ󼸷֣ƴʵʱһŮӡ
һּ̾͸оԼݳȥĽ⣬ǲϵһຣ㣬ԷĽ⣬ȴ糱ӿǿ󲻿˼飬ÿһ쳣ܣһԼץסһ
˿ѾץԼĽһվСϣץžҪȥΦˣһ纣Х֮УܵȵסϢһ̡
ǿĽйۿĵǶš
ĪС洫ӣǴһֱ֪ΪΪ̫ˣˣδؾͻȺܶ洫Ӹ
һĻ֤ʵǿʵѹٶ洫ǿӲ̬˺ų洫ǿߵǰʮС
ոһĻ»ôƵģҶ֪Ǵ˿ĪСչֳĽ裬һֵܵ˵ġ
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ǣǰѾѧҹҡҡͷְֻϰһ£һЩھʵõİ취
ҹǵôЩʱĪСˣԵزӣʵ֤СħŮȷһ츳ѵĴʣֻǶ̶̼ʱ䣬˼ͨ⽣ںԪƣҹԼó˿
ʵⲻǰսѣ֮еİսڳɾ߾֮ƺѾ©ٳ׷Ķ֮ͨ
ҹʱҲһֱҪŵȡʤΪԪʵٵÿȻⷽжȨоˡ
һĵԪ֮󣬸ֲԭֲܱȱݣҲͳڵˡ
ԽʩչȻͨһжڼµʱ򣬶ǿͨĽ̾š
ҪˡһλϵȻ˵
ÿһڶΪܵĵϣĪСĽ裬ѾӽˡҲͷ
ϡ
ཻ漴Ϳһɫ齣ɵУǸ齣ϬԽţҲֻɵķòеܿƣǳ̨·ȥ
һ齣ûأѾĪС׽ǽһбǧʱס˸ǰҹԲ׺˵ķʽӳħʽʱ˼
ꡭ
ǰѱ齣ĪСնϡ
⻹㣬ĪСǷһ㣬ϵسÿһһضϽת˲䣬Ҳ֪Ͻ˶ٽء
ĪСٴ̨ʱոʦ˵ǰһ齣Ƭ磬貨ڵ洫˺öƬ貨еĵӣûƬ࣡
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660 ȫ
Ľ̾˿ֻΪС۸ȴ֪Ȼ˵زʦģʵίˡ
Ľϲ𣬶С˵֮ǰܵĥѣģǰȻҲ츳ˣ͵ԵʱҲָʧ󣬵㿴ϵ֮׼Ѿκˣⶼ⼸µĥ£ҹȰοڣֻյˣպĽҲ᲻ġ
˵ҲԣСȻ˼룬Ըȴ񣬵ȴϼǺɼ֮ǰӡ󻵵ʲô̶ȣ˵ĵӣСʹһȷڶӴ֮·ӦҲûʲô谭Ľ۵ӣȻҲ洫ӣλλҲӦʦţֻһѵǱˣʲôҲҵġ
ҹ룬ûпĽĽôһˣ˵Ҳôص˵öԣ
ЩƬ㣡ĪСһ壬֮ǰնʮƬƬһշ㳯ȥ
ۼЩ齣ƬϮȴһ취ҲûУ˿ûսˣԷȴӣС
ۡ
һ۵ʱ򣬱ӭ齣ƬͻȻһ֣ȫ壬ܱߵĵϡ
۾ʱ۾˼ּɵ
ССͣĳ˺ݶһҪһѵˣſ֮֮ѹҲʶ˵ȷſʸ
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ʦֲȣΪǰĴȶ˵û壬ڣҲû˭ɵȥսû𣬵عǱСʦø˰ɡ
˵ĪСô
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ʦ֣عأʦˣĪСŶԷȴһЦǵ͸λϵأʦ˵ǲŽʦأɱȲʦҪضˡ
ߣΪʦ֣ιʽ˵Ŵ㵽ΪֹǶ㣬Żʣ¼ˣ䣬ǶĪСУͬţɼһ֮ĶûУοʦ֣ƾҾ͸÷ϵΪʡպʵǿȴ
ʦ֣Ҫ˵Ļ㻹ǸϿʦɱ˰ɣɱöࡣĪСмԷིӡ
һɺԣĸӷŭûһӸ˵ĳЩϣڻ֪ڸģֻֽܳѵˡ
ʦȫǲǸոʩչͨŪһֻԼƲ˵Ļ𼦣ͰյǻҶҲţʲôкݶŽкݶʲôвͬţŽвͬţʱʦԶ̵ؿţһ£ҷΪʤҲˤһӣȻˣҲû˵ɣѪ۶СͬʦսܲˣôܲɾͨأѵԺָٻ𣿡ĪС죬ÿһֶһû©ĸо
ۡλ𼦣һγܲסһѪ׻ȥˡ
úúãøѾͷĿ龰̧ƣڱҶˡ
ʦ֣ǹعصģôеӵıʣĪС˿壬ֻǵŶԷΪŴȹ涨洫һˣսκεӣֻܴܽҵս֪ʦҪǽѵң϶ưոݵģһսʦ֣ʦһ֤ԼĻᡣ
ۡ
ѪĲˣΪǻûѹءЩѪԴڳڲĵӡ
һ֤ԼĻᣬ⻰ôñŤĻҪ֤ԼĪСôһ˵ıҪ˺üһ
ܺáľûĪСƣ̹ȻӦ
·Ѿ˽̧ȥͬЩ齣Ƭˡ
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лʦңĪСЦŵлʦֿҵһС
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ۿĪС߸߾ǽҶΪҪһУȴ߶
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µ˶ĪСתˣǻعֲЦûڹǻûпʼ̰ɣ
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֪ʦôģǾӦøһ֮䣬ĪСó˶Դ²ǽ͵ԣǴ򲻹ʦ֣ǴҲûʲô壬֮սʦֻ֣ȴһ׮£ѾʤˣӦź˰
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˵ĻһȫǶԵģϸһƷζ̾Ͳζˡʲôʤ֮һӦźˣһ
ԣȷǺľͲһˣ
һͻȻðһŹֵͷĪС洫һԾӵڵʮλмδһܣģǸ䣬ǧ󣬻᲻и˵ΪĪСǲˣģҪ˭ǻ˵׼ء
ĪСѾһ¼˵Խܻ˹¶пܣ
ȻܱôģĪСѾת̨ȥˡ
ŴȻûнϾ֮ǰֻĪСһˣս˼е洫ӣҪλĻεսء
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661 ٸݵ
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洫Ӽʱ䣬ȻҪϷˣ̽ץסĪСҪѵ⼸䣬ȻԷһѵʱȻֹ
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һȣڵһ洫ĳõ£ĪСȻӵϢ޺ۼ˵ҲβסԷѵĪСѾ浽̶ֳȣ
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õģĪСҲֹ洫ʮλλϣǰ٣ܲףһжֻδ֪
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СЩССļΪӵõ𣿡ĺܲġ
˵һȴαһոûõСʦϷŪԼϱԷˣһҪ취һɡ
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˵ģңĪС״ʦҪɱ
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ģȿһȣһͨ־磬ﷴһΪʦ֣ӦͷشȵĹСѾ䣬ٸԷȥɣ貨һ洫ӡ
ƵҪѪΪ˽ѵǸСѾͷһͨСѾͷٴʩչͨһͷһһ洫ĶץͷԼأֻǵõ׿ڳǵһ洫
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662 벻
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ȸı⣬ĪСһֱɽҲǸȽѰ飬Ͼⳤϴ貨ڴӦ飬ʱĻڣƱػܵɽѡ
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չأɽˣ˭ҲǰڼӣǰȴЩͬ貨ڹأ⵽Ҵǰмʵ˼ʵЩˡ
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ҼȻȻҪģ΢΢һĿȴĪСɨȥ֮ǰ貨ⳤҸһλתĪСĪʦãԸΪޣҽǰҪӭȢĪʦõġ
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663 貨ڵĺ
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һʱͣɽڵ֣Ҳصģ֪ڿ̻֮ٹϢʱţ飬Ҳ޷ڵĶˣΪ̻ǵУһͨķԴ;УÿŶò
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664 ܲ˼
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ǶȥһصʯͷֻӺǹŹ֣һŰ壬·׺һ޴Բ
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ԴʱѾǻڵأȫ㲻ϱˣֻαɣ˭뵽ʱҹʻץסһݣǸոӮôһ£æ䣬䡭
һƴ򿪵ʱٸɽ
ҹҼٸ̶ֳȣ㣡֮ǰλȱ۳ϣڽƴ򿪵ĵһʱ䣬ȫûԵ䡰ԡȻҹץȥ
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ҹûӲ֮䣬ҵĽ֮ǰһ̨ס
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ȱ۳ѪʶܵصĴˡ
֮ǰı貨ٸҲ׿䣬˴ζҹʤѵλҪɱǰ貨ڷ˺ֵλϣϻ֮䣬һ޴ĽӡƳֻȱ۳һѶԷ˳ȥ
λѪûֱӻ˹ȥ
һλ񾳳ҡҡͷԼλͬŵΪʵûа취ֻ貨ڵǸǮֻһʱͿ͸λϲҪһʶص֮һὫ˼ʵرҪлλշ
ôշģֻ֪ɻǱ˵ġ
˵ɽ貨ȻãҲûʲô̫ĹڣЩӦģԵʮִȣǻȥɣ·Ϻúٸҿʶ˲ᣬϧ貨ȱҽҩҲûʶ˵ҩǿԸȳš
ˡ񾳳룬ͷ֧ƱÿƯ
ÿЦЦĸ˶Էҩһ
񾳳תͷ̨ҹ
ףҹֹ̧Է˵ȥִһŵҩŵҩȻʲô鵤ȴԻٸʹࡣ
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ո˿Ƕһ˭𣬲ĳޣôֵҩأ
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ǾͶлˣ񾳳Ȼɻţ˼Ұѻ˵ַϣٲԵõСˣǼ
ⳤָǼ޴ʯͷҹҲ΢΢һЦģת˲յԼĴ﷨İɣһպõġ
񾳳죬ҪʣⶫܲǴȥΪòƸ˵ⶫͬСɵġ
ҹָҩòƺͨ˼ոնսƷʵǿ˿˵Ҫˡ
³ϣ߰ɣԻʹ쳣ûħٵӰ죬ѾָЩҹ֮ڻһʢᣬڴʱ򣬻ܸٴһս
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貨ڵǶϸϸĥ仰ȷܰѶĥֹӣôˬĸоǸ˶ҪĻᡣ
ɽ˴Ҳóûȥƽϡ
貨Ȼ貨ڵ˲վԼ߶ƽֻԼԿˡ
һеģΪǵٸһʼʱ򣬾ںɽ֮ϣ»貨ڵ˼վǶء
ҹղһսҲǼɣϢգ˵뿪ɡȿɽ뿪תҹ


669 ˵
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ǲˣԭĻסЩʱ䵹Ҳûʲôڸɽ֣̻Ļ̻һЩҪȥЩ׼ҹȻЦЦܲܲһϲǹڵˡ
ԭˣҲͲˣȺεһ֪ҹҪҪıһںɽȻ˵ʲôˣ貨ڵĴţʱΪ㳨ҿСѾͷҲúܣٹЩͷͷҲˣһ֮λҲϣİ
µ洫ǶȻ̧ͷ仰жķ
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֮λҹȻһ£漴Ц㻹貨֮һĻȰ㻹Ǵͷɡ
ĪСԣ壬Ҳ̫Сˣﲻܵٹ꣬ҳɾͷ龳ʱ򣬵ôˣƾʲôƲңѵҵһŪ˳ڵĵز
һҹҲʵͷˣæ͵ǾðɣҪԺͲʲôģֱµһž貨ˣ
ŶԭҾô۹⣡ĪСЦ
Ȼ貨ںܻԻͣڸɰٻԾ㻹ǱΪã˵ǰɣҹֵ
ıԶǣⶼ뵽ˣҾͲ˰ɡĪС
һ𱬺ĪС˷龳ҲǲҪĺãȻĳһҹˣ仰ƵýɢŶпܣʱҿ޶ء
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ǾͺãƺҲ˿һֱҴһͨʩչ֮һ֪͸СɣΣ֮ʱԴвţ޴½ֻҪ֪ڣֻ֮ɸϵ
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ĽĿҲ˸һ£ʦˡ
Ǻǣһʦ֣Ҳ֪ˡЦ
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㷭ɣ貨ڷˣһλ鳤ЦţǽǲǿԻȥˡ
λϣòǵ洫ӴȻûнΪεص
Ǻǣ洫ӿҪһˣڻս𣿡λ϶Цǰȥɣвģһ顣
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ҹĽ塢ĪСˣһ·г貨ڣһΪεĴΡ
طĽϵ֮𣿡ҹʵ
ǰʱܾȫԲһĽָݺһȪȪˮůԣˮԪҲкܴİȻ貨ʤﰲʱ䣬֮еʱ仹Ҫֻ࣬ǺС֮Ҳˡ
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ǿһβ֮Ǿʯ棬ȴֻһЩ𶯶ѣ֮ڼš
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㲻϶ûõģСڲÿɷ仰͸Щף˵
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˵񱮿ѹ㷨޴½Ķɽ磬Ľ忴ƻõıؽ͵ħƺ൱˵˭˭ǿİҹǲһѵ˵Ƕɽ磿
ҹתͷСڣСڰԴҡø˹һɱҵɰֻ֪ͨЩˣˣһȥ˯ˣǷķǵðҽŶ
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ҪʲôǲǻӮȥģʧ˾ʧˣֵǮܻһ񱮣ҹٺЦţǳ𵤾ĸұȣҸǴ򡣡
ĽȻǵ͹ҹƤڹһ֮Ҳֻεسϣðɣڽ𵤾ҲΪֻɽ϶ˣҸղ˵ģǰɻ񾳣ʱ˭Ҳûаһסǡ
ǺǣֻҪ龳ҪסңЩѵģҹͲЩǷ龳ˣҲں涥ء
ֱ㣿ĽԴ˱Ƚϻɡ
İɣҹʮֿ϶ҲȷΪƽʱҲӦ۵ĴڣǸԾսʱٻһ龳ӰܸоӰһ֮£ܽҲڷΧ֮ڣֻ˲˼ɵŻֻħٱʧˣʱʶ̽飬ŷ۵һ˿ȷֻҪ龳֣Իҿ
ˡ
˵ţҹϴһóһƣʱƮĵӰ
ӣһһо֪ɻ˳ĵȻһЦ
ܺãҪлǸͨţҲô˳ҹ
ӿˣǱӿɻصһʡ


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Ҹ֪ˣ֪߼ǰ˼Ҳ߼Ҳֻп֮ϳҲ޴֪ġСǽһΪȤ飬˵ѾҪ˯ˡ
ðɣǿֻȥǼʲô֪ǲһħһķҹҲε

Ľ˵ĵطڼݽ紦һɽɽȻûرҩȴľïܣڶ࣬ɽ֮еĶȻҲʤ
ﶼûгʲôϹż֮Ķ˭֪޷࣬ʿΪ˲׽ޣǰÿһض̤ˣɴûмʲôĵطĽ˵ַϢôʿûзֹ֮⣬ע⡣
δҵǸߣĽҲȴʵظܵķϢ
ҹȥƺҲֻзӡķʧЧԽͣʥû֪滹һعȴ׷ˡ
һڴȽϸһЩ
һжҪ죬ȥˣܿӰӶˡ
һ·УٶҲĽļ䣬ܿҵǸߡ
ǿȥɡĪСͷǰ壬ķڴġ
żҹһסû룬ƺ˱ȵˣڳأ߸ȫǽ𵤾ƺһ࣬һ
ʲôĽҲüüͷʵ貨ڣڣ˴Ȼûȷ涨һݣô֮䣬йŹ֡
ȥ˵ҹҲ˽һЩ֪Ľ˵Ĳ١
ħ˵ԻҪһЩ嶼ڰ˰ﶫ֮У½Ҳ棬ֻǶʲôͨѰһЩεĵط䲻ҵĵȥû
˵һˣǶǿĺԺܶ壬㲻Ǻе֣ҲѡӽĵطסٿѰ߶һЩɵ
һȻ֣徹ȻĿŵ֮ܵ䣬ʵЩĸоһвʿһҪıʲô
ϢСĵظȥһͿҪߵĽ˵ģһϢصλˣȻǰ洫˵
˵ɣοֻҪĴ˵ˡһЩ
ô֪ܲأ˵ʿթޱȣ֮ǰǾץסңԭֻ˵ǴǵͿԷߣȴֳ˰Ǵ򿪷ƣб´ƵĻ罫ķȡˣôᱻǼץסǸ˵ȻһŮ
·ʦ˵Ȼˣһ飬֮󣬾ͿԷŹɱˡһ
ŮĬһ£ƺ˼ҪҪӦ
ҹҲףʿıŮﱻץˡ
ЩϵϢУһĽӦöڵĵӣǵΪʵȫ洫һ࣬Ľ崫ҹǸŮǴ󵨣ҶǱ뵽֮䣬˵֪зΪʲô֪ô֪ģ
ʲôֵģϢʮеģϢֻ֮ҪʮķΧҾܲ챦ˡСڲ֪ô˵ˡ
ƬɽҲֻʮ﷽ԲŮѵı¸󣿡ҹɻţҲԣܻΣӦǱһЩġ
УʲôĻҲˣڻλʹҵʵۿۣҲŲôɵأСЩҸڻεҪҲͬǸǸ׵ġ
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Ȼ֪ˣǹߣһַǳƻޣǱˣ˵׼һ⼸ڵӣͻΪʳСڴŵ˵
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ҸŲͬ壬һֽƻ֮һȴŸ߹ѪϾǲܱȵģ֪ôСڷǳ⣬ವشӲɳ߸ͷԼĲ
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ͲˣߵĽƻɲһܷģһ⼸˶̰֮Ըʿ߻һְ취Сڸ߰˵ҿЩʿҲֻԷȴͲ֪ߣĻʩչɱȺҪ
ԭˡҹʱȻ
֮壬ûرǿսкܶ˶ϳԿΪЩӵеԣ˷ʤ
˻ڲ֪ʱ򣬾Ѿ˶ԷȵʱȴѾˣһʵɶʩչֻԷꡣ
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˵ҪôܰĽƵ֮ǰλ·ʦֿˣֻҪ˵İ취ȷģҾͲɱ㡣
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Ǻǣ·ʦЦȻˣԪ֮ȴ֮ͨΪǶСŮ
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ٺ٣˵ǲʵҪжϣ˵˵ǼٻǱǼٻ·ʦɫĮа
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ȻһԸһ··ʦͻȻЦ
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ԾܾĻ·ʦЦ˵⼸λʦܣɫҲȤһ֮Ǳˡ
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ڵ洫ӣȻоåһ㣬ûڽɳĽȳ
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ޣԼҪ飬ȴ˵Ǹ年ᣬڵ洫ӾȻô𣿡ĪСĽҲҹµ߳
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·ʦִ󾪣ǲҪҸոѾ˵˴ҡ
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·ʦֻ˶ɫ䣬ûȥԣΪԷȻ˵ǿ϶Ƿȥˡ
ѧԣ´ҪźţͲҪ˵ֱӷˣ㶼ˣٲֶΣСˣҹ΢Ц˵
ֱӵоǶԸһŮҲʧ֮һҷʲôźţʱֻԼѡĽ˵
ʦҪɱ⼸𣿡ĪСʡ
𡭡·ʦִ󼱣ǸղҲ˵˵ѣûҪ
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㡭·ʦֱ˵ƿԣȴǲľʹֻĵĽϣֻһʱͿ貨õķϣĽϸ̧֣ҵһ·պвǲضƴǡ
ʦ貨ڳϣֻСС洫ӣǻ񾳣ǽ𵤾񲻻ʲôҪİĪС
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ԶˣĽŽĿ䵽˹Ůϣôô֪һģ
ĽϣƬɽﻯѾǧ꣬ڴ˵صһУκ߶Ϥķʮ⣬ÿǧŻмʱ䣬һʱһηʱû򿪷һΣΪȵʱǿ˰ٱԭҪȡû뵽⼸ڵӣвǲǣҪɱŮ£ССǧŵΣԸȥֻôӦǣ˭֪ڿ֮󣬾Ҫҡ
װˣǺϲĪС
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Ůҹ˼ָм׽֮⣺ʵҶõҲֻ࣬꿴Ƿʱ򣬾һֱڲ򣬶Ҳܶεԭ֮һһƬҪѶ൱ģ̫ܡ
Ľ˵ͷһƬвٵޣҲˣ˲ɱ޵ʿҲܶ࣬һͷ𵤾ޣ϶ᱻ˷Źο˵ǴСһֱ
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㲻˵ԼҲ˿϶𣿡ĽҲĿ¶ɵ
ССĹߣҲǰ˵𣿡âһСɵչڹŮǰ
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벻ССĹߣҲϵҵѪСڸ߰ޱȵ˵һٵŮ
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֪ˣ֪ˣҲ˿ڹͬķϣһСŮ״ţȻ˵ϣϵߵͷ
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ҹֿʼæĽĪСֻԹۣСڸֱӻ˿˯ȥˡ
Լһʱ֮ҹһڿһ֮ʮͬʱâһƬǺӣǺӻʣΧķҲ˶ƺĿһضϵĴţ¶һڰĶڡ
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ڷ󱻿Żֵʱ洫һնƺǧһ㡣
ҸоʲôõطԭַϢôˣĪСЩŵ˵
ҹĽҲɻڿ˵һ֮ԭŨķϢȻʧˣȡ֮һŨҵ
ѵӡʲôĽص˵
ﻹǲᶯǼ˵Ǿסһ֮ҹҲ˵ͻȻһСڣӦһ£ʲôµġ
ѾʧСڣವش˳źڰĶƶһЩȷǺǿֲ̫ǻŵĴҲûŹζŵʱӦǺǿġ
˼˵ҲѾ˵ҹʵ
ԲǻŵģⷨҲ²Ҳǧûж˰ɣӡǧҲǺģ˵˭֪ڱӡʱǲѾأСҡͷ˵
˵Ѿ˵ҪӡʲôҹŵͻȻ뵽ʲô˵Ƴһа


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һаĽҲΪ֮һ𣬡ǴĻҪˣ
˵аʵҲֻǴЩδؾаˣ˵ףֻһƷķѣҹϸ͵Ϲʱ򣬴ǺܶģʱַҲܶ࣬ЩʦַȡʤеʹøĲϣе÷ͻӡ뷨֮С
ַӡİ취Ҳкܶ࣬ǿʦֱӽƷʱ򣬷ӡУЩʦû㹻ʵҪӡֻ꣬Ƚɱٽͷӡһ޴ɶݵʱֻԼѡںΪһְ취ȻƸ鷳һЩȴָ뷨ںΪһΪϾԼѡ񣬶һԹأʹ÷˸аȴҲ󡣡
֮ǰӦֻܸӦϢΪӡڲԭַ󣬶ķעأɢˣҲͲܵõ꣬ҹ˵ӡģӦûһѡ
ǾͺáĪСһ
ǰɡĽ嵱һΪߵģȻҹʵǻЩࡣ
СɣҹȴȰСڶĸӦһЩʲô춯ܵһʱо
СҲû˵ʲôֻһ߶೤ӣವһڵǰ棬Ѹǰ̽·
ɽҲڰޱȣڼ˶ΪڰӰһ·ߵȻҲ˳ֽ˼Ҳûйûгʲô飬ü˷Ĳ١
ЩԡĽͻȻͣ
ŶҹСǰҲͣ
ȻΪͣǸоģȴҲûзʲôԵģĽ嵽ǻ񾳣Ȼ˵ԣȻҪͣ
ʯЩ仯ûиоЩѾͨʯͷ̺ž޴ĽԡĻָָ̌һĹâʱΧ
֮ǰȻҶܿ·ȴûעһ֮󣬴̾ͷΧĲͬ
ЩʯͷɫӦǳɫȴ΢΢ɫǽ֮ɫ
ǡ̫𣡡ҹֲ֮󣬾ȵýгǴ̫𣬵̫յˡ
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һִ˵еõõĶ޴½ϱЩΪ˵УЩɽеķŻõ̫𣬵ڡĽҲȵشΧ
ոֻǸоЩԣȴҲû뵽̫𣬿һʯڣһ¼ǧǰЩ̫ģȴһˣǼҪʲô̶ˣ
ȲǷʲô̶ȣЩ̫ǲġҹˢس˰ҹͼʯЩ̫
ûõģ̫ɽر֮ãͨĵĽ廹û˵꣬ͿҹİҹѾնȥȻҲͱտˡ
ꡭ
ҹİҹûʯڰأֽնĥ̰һ飬װ˿
Ľ忴һȻҹ˵̫һ룬Ѿˣô滹һ̫ںòãһѺڵͿһ飬̫
޴½߼رҹİҹ߼ر֮ϣ̫ҲסҹȫնοֻʣһءСڵǽһŹֵ
ⲢûдĽɻ󣬷Ӿˡ
߼ر֮ϵİҹⶫôСС磿ԣ׼ȷ˵һ׽ġҿŰҹֻҹһܼԦҹʲôأ
Ҫҹʮ飬ҲѾ֪ǰûвʲôڣӸоҹ˵ɲ⡣
ҹһ·նһһ̺Ŵ̫ʯͷװֱһƬ̺̫ʯͷڿΪֹ
ȿȡһʱûסöݴҹĽСˣСڶۿһʱЩε˵
壬ڿ𣿡ĪСʵ
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壬ĪСһƣߴˡ
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滹ûᣬȴѾĶŵñѳһѷ졣
ꡭ
汬ƣһаȻıƱֱϸɫ·ϣڹǣһ׵ӡ
ааڷӡһͷצаСڵӿ͸¶

Сڵ䣬һƳ߿ӽза֮ϣԼ¶һӰ
ףһ˫ѪĿǲȵˣһֻ¾Ҫʶˡ
㲻ңаԼɣҹﰵٶȴһҲת˲Է󣬽ͨηסתĽһˡ
ǲԵġСҲһĽ͡
ȥ۲ʵ溦˰ҹԹ
ǵӡа뽣ˣʵ̫Уͽ֮䣬ûںϵһ̫ѹаķҲ֪̫˼ߵģֵܹ˭Сڷҹ
ȥҲܣ˵Ʊ⣬̫ѹǲûƽһ˼Ҳ취߲Ź֣ҹͻȻ뵽һЩʲôףǼһôģ˰̫֮ĽͻȻˣ
ôٲӣаҪˡСѵ
ҹͷȻ󶼲ܵסаԷĽ֮£ܿͱɵӰ󲻹ϢҪͻˡ
Ǳþаҹִʯ϶ǿ̻˷ġ
Դҹоʯֽķ󣬾ͳļгƷҪַֽ˵ֱ̫ˡ
ȻⶫҲʵǮһЩʮʯҹź̻׬ǮҪôҲղ
ҲΪʲôʯûеԭһǴǰûзʦ뵽ô⣬ʯϿ̷ףҪģǿˣҲûõ𰡡
䡭
ʮʯȫǰĻ򣬻ӵţ۳һ޴Ļǽȵ¶ȣҪʯڶڻˡ


677 
ӰĽϣҹ˷֮ٴһⷨĽ塣
Ľ循ѹҲæʩչŶ֮ȥ
ûмʶʵǳ֣Ҳܴﵽҹǻǽĳ̶ȣҲ޶ˣŻ𾪡
˵ҹ֮ǰ̾սʱ˵̵ĻЩ飬ҹʩչֶΣѾԸĻ࿹ˣһС𵤰

Ľܿеԭ貨ڴսʱǶΪҹħٺԷϤĽ֪ħٺͷ󣬶ҹĵطΪаҹ쾵ַ˼ûмùʯ
ԣʯƺҲùֻǵʱûôĽ²⣬ƺٴ
ϴʮζʮ´ʮһأ
ȻҪ۵ģһ𵤾ܷӳ龳ܣֻһ֮Ҳ㹻ɱľֶΣֵÿҫˡ
Щͷһ˶Ƿ۵糸һȥ
ƺܰĽջͷһֻۣǻǽȻСаȴͻƣֻҪٹƬ̹򣬾ͿԳˣӵ棬¾Ͳ֪Ҫȥˡ
ҹȥĶֻҪǾСҹ
˵Сڽӿڵ̫Ȼѹģ˵еõʲôôаȻѾ˽ûȫںϣҲҪԼøǿô̫ĻʺС
˵Ұ̫Ͳ𣿡ҹСڡ
ܰɡСڲȷص
ȥСܲżҲ׶ܲܣҹܱʡ
ܣСڿ϶ػش
ಡ
δ䣬ҹѾ˦һ޴̫ȥ˳ؾ޴ĶȻǱ˰ͻƻǽϾͻа
һа̫棬ûһأ漴ˢذ˳ҹ׷˿ûһ̫
С´ˣôϲ̫𡣡ҹŲͣȴСڡ
ǲϲ̫ˣе̫ӳȥԡСڵ
ҲŲôɵҹҲСڶȻ̫ȥˡ
а̫죬ӲĽε˵
ûϵҪˡҹ˵ʱٶҲ˿
Ȼ˵仰ʱаѾǻҪһٶȣӱնɱ

֮𣬶ʱаӰ˷Сһͷҹҧ

ĽѾܵĴ㣬ҪͷӭսʱͻȻһԽҲ룬¸ӿ˵ٶȡ
¸аӲһʵǲҹħҵ
糱ˮаӰȥǽаӰٶȷ׷׶ǲӣôҲ޷ӿ졣
ЧĽһ߶Ŷ䣬һ߶ϲطһĻҿԶȥ
Ȼ͵ҹҲΪһжüʱͼаһУǧаӰϹһ壬֮УԼ켫΢СķȾ
ˢ
еаȻ𼸵ɫâڽâնһͨ·Ȼȴ㹻ǰС
ҹ׵壬аһն̾׼ҹǶʮֳް㣬һͷ˹ȥ
ȥǰҵѹ˰ɣҹȵؿһĻ
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ƨҹЩ
㵱ߣһշͻˣеὫӵĳ̶ȡСĵؽš
ҹûйЩͣҲշУӣòҪշԼŶԡ
ҹУѾûаǰֻһ⣬аɱ⣬вĻþ
Դҹкǿľ飬о鲻ܵһħٵһȴаһնʱҹͻȻһž
аص˹ž棬ƺЩԼɵ˺ȫǰš
һ̽û˹ž֮аأŸȫûС
ȥ쾵аˣҹ
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аӣ쾵һƬƴ
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ҪĽ󾪡
а෨סοȥȥץ
Ȼҹûһƹһǿĵץа档
а˷ŭ֮ǰҪǿ
ҹϵ׵֮֮ѸٵĸɾƾƽץţһεѪմȾ˽档
ѪѪ
аȻಳҹơ
ι֪֪ʲôеѪҹӵôѪôҲһ°ɣ
аһڣβһҹɨҪΪҷӡڽҾͻİڲֻҪߣ»˭κεң
Ҹ·㰮ȥĶȥĶҾСҹ˱˵
Уѹǧ꣬ҷɱ㲻ɣаӰ
ƨôʮ꣬ȥĶѹǧȥҹš
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֮£ֳֻ־ֳֵһߵֵһ߶ݺݵطš
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ཻڹм伤ײаһҹȴѾõɶȥ
񾹱ôˣѵֻϧԼ̫ˣһȫʢ֮ʱֻҪһ񣬾ڵɢǺЦ̣벻Ҳн죬аԴ󷢣ҹȥ
ҹСģĽָһ㣬齣Ȼɳָһڹ⣬ɲǼһڰӿһаȥ
ˣҪҹ絯飬ÿһ֮󣬱Ѹ޹صԾ˱𴦡
ڣĽ䣬һɹĽ岼µĺڰӿͬʱҲа˻
ĽҹЩ٣׶Է˵ıȻĳĿģʱ˺ڰӿͨҹһƴԶ
Խһ֮ҹȻָͣմָָ㣬˲ʱ֮䣬̳һɫ󣬷֮ǰҹƵһ
ҹ˿֮ǰûƻֻͨѡ
ɵƾܵסа𣿡Ľʡ
Ȼԭ˲µķ󣬱Ҫ˲٣аǰѳ̵óҲƵˣҹ϶
ߣ̣̫ˣһССסңΪǧ꣬ͿҵʵаҹվԱߣҲûм塣


678 ħӡ
˵ûгʶ˽֪֪ҹָŷаǰʲôӡ˽ǽԣոҵķǽס㣬ǻ𲻹ǧǰͲúõķ󣬶һŶûС
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ЦһССĻ񾳣ڵңôаЦš
ҹѽΪʲô˳̶ȣСڲ˵İҹ޴½߼Ҫ𣿡Ľɻ
ħٻ쾵ֻ񱮣Ǳ˴֮䶼޼ҹҪһЩ
ǰаȴ𼸼ӵһ𣬶ҪӣһôˣټǲҪ
ааûбƣҹû˵СѾˣҹЩûԼķ飬ҪۣаУһаûб֮ǰаǽˣűӡ֮ǰһټϽǶȻҪħЩҪһЩˡ
ôĽҪһˣҪ˰ɣĽ忴⴩Ľ棬Щǵص
շͲᷴɣշ֮ǰκġСڵ
ˢ
аһ͸һʱҹȥ
ŶĿĽ⣬δųҹһ򣡡
޴ɽ񱮴ȻаصףŨҵĹâ֮ƺҪѹһ㡣
а֮£һؾš
ֻ֮䣬аѾ̴棬䶯
䡭
һ޴̫𣬺ݺѹаϣһ档
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СڣһСವһӿ
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ʱҹ뵶һӡӡ̫ʯϡ
ʱСҲſ죬һдϵϢڷӡһĵ棬ϢѸٵɽȥתۼͽɫ
ħӡаһֱڽеɫӿʱȻͣôħ֮
㲻׷˰ɣҹ񱮣ߵа¶ĽͺúŰɣʵЩʱ㡣
̣㲻Ҫٳˣǲģаţֻôû취ѳ
ֻҪʲô춯̫ķӡͻЩϢ̫˲ͻøӳ֣аʱҲ޷
ΪʲôôִҶԸҹʲôģСаǰһѵ㲻һͷаѣɽ綼ˣܸҹ˵иһĻԵطɽҲá
ħѪСϵϢаƺЩȣȻ޷صɽ磬޴½Ҳ֮˽ѹ
СЦЦѹŰɣҲˡ
аĬȻڻǱѹˡ
аңҲ㵱ūʵϣȻҷӡڽеģֻҪ˽飬Ǹʿ֮һĴڡҹͼһ¡
аȴһûУҲֻ÷ܡ
Сڵ˼аǴɽߵ޴½ģվİҹڵΪʵȷûнԷʱаͬˣڼԦ֮ʱҲ鷳һСٷˣǿǿ޶ûеطޣԣҲֻõˡ
뿪ߵʱһ˾ͱȽˣҹֽԭķһָ˼
аȻ̫ѱôҲһɱ˱ܹǲõġ˵ˣаô滹кö̫أɲܱ˱ˡ
аǲˣ˵СĽ㣬Ҳ޷ƵǵԺлԵ˵ɣҹ˶֮󣬸п̾ϢĽҪһҪȥأ
˴Сȥ֮һļʶҲûԺҪȥĽ
СأĽȥǸȥҹЦ
ҡĪСԥһ£һǸʦɣ϶ȥˣҲϲǸŮˣ֪Ҳ㣬Ҳ϶ʲôԲҺ飬԰ɣ
СԴѾǳ̬ˣҹҲΪ⣬ֻ⣬Щ̻˵æѰʯͷ䣬ڻûϢϢһҪ֪ͨҡ
ðɣСͻȻֵʵҪһѾˣ㲻ҪޱŶ㻹ء
ҹǺһЦʲôζҲ֪
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Ȼ飬վҪģټҲܽʶ޴½ݴأǧǧ
Ľ֮ҹ̤ƶȥֱ򶫺һǡ

һͺڽصȴĳˡ
˵ͻ㲻̫żˡ˵š
²УüͷԪ̻ͺ鶼̻ϣϾ治ͬںϣȴڴеͣɽҲУٲһӴ˦ģǺ̻ˡ
ҲʵӾǻҲ޷ֹЩϣЩǳ顣Ҳ̾˿
Ǵǰ̻Ȼ֮Ķ֣ҲӶˣһ˿˴βͬеɱֻҪſ϶𵽲ЧЩɱȴҪҹ׿ϲУȻҲżˡ
̻᲻֣ʵԪͺ鶼̻ŻżͻȻҹ
˶һϲվ
ӣǻˡĵ
ǰⱦŮÿ춼ԲȥǺЦš
ףԲ·Ŷԡɫ΢
һһҲûԶ١Цš
ˣǻ˵˵̻ɡҹֻýλԽԽĻ᳤˴ˡ
ֹۣܲɫڵƺ̻ѾʵҲȫ泷ڲҲʼȫƣ˳Ļ޴½Уɥʧ̻֮УǽоѻЩ棬ⱾȥҲóϾǽ̻ἷǵĺôڵļ


679 
δģҹʵѾ˰ɣ
ֹǼѣɽȻߵһȻҲ͸̻һڲѾҪûк̻ˣ̾⻹ֻǸոտʼֻҪٹһʱ䣬ɽȻֺ֧̻ˣʱɢ޵Ҳˡ
Ǿ仰δģҹȻ⣬̻Ͼ˼ҵģҲܹȥԤ
ҹ֮ǰŪЩҩҿԿʼⷢ˰ɣʵ֮ǰһֱڲֻ֣ڶѣͻ䣬ɽҲڣ̻ҲڸʩѹǷ񽫳֮ݣֵҩ򿪾棿
ǺѾˣҩϾҹƳģи˺ܶҹţҲҪҹķ֧֣û޳ɣȥǲ̫ʵġ
Щ˽׵ͨҩ֣Ȼܶɢ޵ĹעʱҲʶЩļֵ˵ɽı⣬ٸں̻Ĵúúܶ࣬𣿡ҹʵ
ȷӦ
ɽָںأҹʡ
˵Щҩɽ󣿡һ΢΢ص
˼֮⣬ĸûԼʦ㲻ȫԼʹãٿԽ󲿷֣֮ǰóЩţСźɢ޵ģڴŵĵӣһûУҹһؽ͵ɽѣ̻ףֻ̻ƳһЩɢޱȽϻӭĵҩ˵ʲôӰأɽ󲻿ȥϺ̻ᣬ˵Ҳᰵпƣһ죬ֵҩŶʧȥԭеļֵǸô죿
ɫѿΪһ֮һЩСⶼֻȵƱƵֻ̫ǰҪôȴ˲ԺҪˡ
ҹ˵ЩҩȻһʱȶݵ⣬ҲֻһʱѣԺҹЩҩô죿û˵ҩ̻һûƣһлصԭ㡣
ֻЩҩ̻ҵƷһоֲͬˡ
ӵĻôأʵ
ɽǸҼΪСҲЩͻ̻ڵĴҲɵģҹ̻һϵںɽڣΪǣмͣԪͺ鶼̻ҲûмˣѺһ𣬺̻ΣҲͽˣȻҺܲϣкܶණȷģҺܱǸ
ҹ˵Ļ̫ˣɫԶҹ飬ŮͲһССĺֵ̻ܵģ뵱꣬ΪһʦŮҹ͸ˣȻҲڣȴԱܾһֺϧһСС̻᣿Ȼ̻ˣҲ㻮޵
ǰӣ̻Ժ̻Ѿãڣ̻ᣬʼĿ׼ҵϣûǵĳͻһǱⲻ˵ģɽں̻ᣬҲȻᵹǱߣûйϵġҲϿҵڴеǰǻҪôã븸׵һ£ΪСС棬㻮ӵĹϵ
ҹ˵УҲ˵ȥһ²ŵȻˣҲԼˣҿķֻᣬ˰ɣԱݵҲǣȻҪһӲ̣ǾͽУݣȻнһĵ̣޴½ɲֻݣȻȲ֮أǲأû̻ܶռЩСݣΪû㹻˵ĶˣеһСݹռϲݣǿ̻ܣеɢޣȲҲŵʱǲἱ
΢΢ҡͷȻЩҩǿͨЩֶΣֹݵȥŵ̺ǿڸҲԼĵˣȫžͨǲܵ飬ƣȴǿԵģֻЧܲҹǰ롣
ҲؼһʱֻҪ￪ʼжżֻǰСݹӦҩҲ㹻ֻ̻Ҫֹƽⵤҩȥ֮УĵĿǰںɽȻжԣǻһ貨ڵ֧֣һһֻҪٷĿҲȥ㹻Щʱ䣬ȴӪ
ܻ٣ȻҪսǾһҪ˲ԭͻ¶̫˵ƽⵤ֮飬϶ᷢΪϵʿ֮࣬²ġҹ
ɴ뼱Ҳǰ˶еȥȥݵ̽ӣܾܿͻϴԪֻһǵҩʱǿɾͳ˿ĵ
ȻѾ뵽˰취еĶһȥȥһǿһҹЦ
Ŷôܣ챾ܵΪʵ֡
󣬾úܶ಻ܵ飬ɿܣֻССضЩֽŶѡҹص˵

ĳ¥䡢ԣԼļˣÿ߶һλŮӣΪ֡
˵̻Ѿ˳˲ݣ佫ŮƿЦʵ
ֻ֮еĴ󲿷ƷҲһǣĲٻˡҲû뵽̻ᾹȻô
ѣһȻҪ˳𣿿޴½ҲֻݣѾ˳ݣٷݣ治֪ôģȥνĵһֻ̻һЦˡ
СģǸŮ˻ЩֶεģидŮ߻һƻҹڵڴ˵ҹػͺѲ»ʲôı
ıôĴүǲм˵ǸŮˣȻǸסǾҪΪ֮
ٻǶԺ䲻һЦȻųµһŮ۷֣ǧģôȵɽأٻǾ֣ʱǸŮ˰ɣǳ׻̻ܺᣬٴٽ뷿УʱǿʩΪˣ
˵òĶĳˮĸо
һ죬һҪú춼˯Щֽס
ҵãŮ˽ֻʶȥʾҪʾųƶǣ˿ͬ
Ŷʾֵ
Ǻ̻᲻ݣڻɽ󣬶ھ׶ԸǣڣѾ뿪ڵ֮أҪȴǲˣǱԼе̻һսȴٵڶսֵӰˡ


680 ̻
ˣôǲмʣµȻаݣƶ֮أЩŶûУǵ̻㣿
ǰ̻貨ȥһҩԴҪǣϼߣݶ̻ᷢչٵһƶСû𣬡䵭ȻЦ뿪ݺͲݣڵȷǹܲˣֻҪ̻ᣬڻݺݶ಼ЩֶΣ̻ٴͣҲӲ³ˡ
ģ¶Ȼú̻ùʹشӦ
ΣԪ̻ᶼȫԸʧġҲʱرָ̬о̻Ȼź֣Ǻ죬ǺģǺģǸҹҲöԸԺ̻ڸСݳǵľٶԪ̻Ҳ̽
ãٲߣһۺ̻ʲôǶˡͬ
˵ţ˽С㱨ʲô
ˣȻŴҵ̻Ȼݺͻ֣Ȼ˲ٵĵҩԴȥλͿǵˣʲôҪĻߣܸ˵
ߣʲôҪĻҲҿڣҲǹҹľٶ֪࣬˲ݵؽ磬һҪ֪һ
λģ¾ͽɡһЦ
ĽľһҲʹر̬漴˾תˡ
̻Ὣ˶˳ݣεĵҩ֮УȻЩʲôͬģҪ㻨֪Ǻ̻ݲɻȱġͻȻ˵
Ŷû뵽λٸ뵽һ㣬漴ʧЦӹŮľƱƷһڣϧⲢûʲôôȻͻݣڵڵأ޴½С֮УҲĶǵˣֻҪҪģûеòĶǷϣҲȻǽǵı˵
Ůһ£ԷһЦ̻󣬵ʲôֵȥô˼أǲֶѡ
ô򵥣Ҫһ㣬ʲôеĻЦԱߵŮƿҶҪѰᣬú̻ҹһĺÿ

ݣΪĳ¥УλڻɫؽԼľ
㲻֪ȥԪ̻Ȼֻƽ۵ļǮԪ̻ۣɻͷһΰҿȥҩƷʲһȴǰƵģ˵аŲаţ˿ȥֻʵ˵ʮ㣬ϲӡ
٣Сţʲôҽȥ鶼̻Ԫֻƽ۵ļǮһЩС̻ᶼҪӱ˵ö࣬Ҳû˵һλӵ⡣
˵̻ᶼôˣǰǽϾҲ˼ԼһοͰûôأ۸ѹôˣǲ˻ôţ
أб˵ҩԣöһЩҽһ˰õԪб˲ռǲɵ𣿡Ц
˵֣ͻȻЩ֣ĿͶͬϳԾƵһλߣأһԣʲô˳ĵˣ
ҩ˿˰ɣԪʵҪ˵ҩǵѡ̻ᣬʱǹǵҩðοԪ鶼ôˣʿڻĺʱ
λˣһԻ󣬶һҽҲҩˣɻһôŲ԰
ôˣ
ۣĸ̻ģ
ں̻ᣬҲԪֺһɻ˵ԭۣһʯûбˡ
ǺǣɿˣȻԭۣĿ϶Ҳ࣬´αȥˣᣬϽȥ鶼̻һЩͼ۵ĵҩ¶Ц
ҿûҡ֣۾淺һ˿ĹâҪˣҲˣؼǵҩûϸһôţ˽׵ҩȥôʱ䣬һûм˭ҵԪƳɰ˽׵ҩء
˽׵ҩǸôˣѵĵҩ˰ɣٺ٣ռ˸ˣ͵־ˣʲôСŵɴ۾漴ֵ֪ˣҪ㲹۲ɡ
ǺǣտʼҲôģɺһ벻԰ļ̻ܱԼĴİ˽׵ҩͨҩˣһǺüţҾ͸˸磬ֻȥһˣôţصʵ
ôţС˶ǰ̽̽ӣ㱻ץסһٰɣ
ûУ̻ѹûңԳЦЦһװøƵģ˼룬ڻǾŵҩԣǸҵĻǰ˽Ԫ˵ֲ֣̻᲻˰ɣ
ѵôˣҲˣҲ̫ˣͬļǮȻ򵽼Ʒİ˽׵ҩ
Բǣ˵ҩֹ֮ת˼ȦвԪһ£Ķǰ˽Ԫһͨ׵ĶûСʮֿ϶
СеԺˡ
֮ǰԪ̻ͺ鶼̻ᵤҩۣ⻹һ£ϾʱҲʲôģ۸͵ǾǱ
ɺ̻͸㲻ˣԪǱͨĵҩôͨĵҩȻƵ˰˽ףƷȻǺ˼ɹؼǴͲˣһԭ͸ˡ
Ҫ֪Ƴ˽׵ҩʦ޴½жٸôĵҩͨԪⲻǺ
ȻңͲĶԽԽãǶ̻ۡ
㲻Ū˰ɣ˽׵ҩǰͨҩ۸ٴ̻Ҳ𰡣ɻصǵҩЧûУǲΪǶǰ˽׵ģʵϸײࣿ
һ⻰ЦøˣҲǰӣС˵Ҳˣ˺üΣⵤҩôģ˽׾ǰ˽ףˣҸоԼһΣܱȵϴǰεЧؼ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲôСŶҪſˡ
ҾȻҩиһ˿ط֮Ķߣ˷۷Ҳкöˣһֱûа취ط򣬳ɾͲ˽𵤾ڽԪҲ֪һž͵ҪʮʯͨĶʮ򣬻һͻƣ𣬿һΣҾȻƳһ˿ϣ˵񣿡
Բۣôĵҩ㾹Ȼֻ˼ţһ̧Ҫӣ±һְɵɵ˵ͻ˽𵤾أ
Ǻǣ˭˵ǣҾͰеĻһӶɺ̻Ԫˣ̾˿ǶһʯûˣٷǵҰ
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681 ʦ
СŶͬһطǾĺֻ̻ᡣȻͬʱ¥˿ѺΪûʯƲǮ󲻵òʹ˳һŰ˽ԪͬҪһ˳ȥ¶ˡ
С̻֮󣬿һ糣ûе˳ӿ
ҲǣԼ֪ϢһȰԼҪĵҩˣȻŻȥ߱ˣʡѰѰ˽׵ҩˣԼʲôȥ
ôʵˣ֪ԼȫɵҩȻΪûǮˣŰ¶Ƕ֪Ҳ϶ôˡ
е˴߱ˣҲпܵġ
߽̻ᣬװ򶨵ظĻ˵ԼҪԪһ¼۸
ڵõ֮Է͸¶һ£Ԫ̻ͺ鶼̻ᶼڴۣûʲôۿۡ
ƸĪһЦ̻ĵҩǼѾǼˣҪۿ²̫ܡ
˵еĵҩ𣿡ʡ
ʵֻ֪Ԫɰ˽׵ˣеҩ˰˽׵ġ
ԣеĵҩۣ۵ĵҩȥ鶼̻ᣬ˽⣬鶼̻ۿ۱Ԫ̻Żݡǻƺĵָ
ҪԪСſɲôֻ࣬ҪԪǲ˵ô棬һʱԼ˿ԥһ²ŵһȡ
û⡣ȫûСŵĽӣóһԪ
СȲذѵҩ򿪣һ۾ͿװһŻԲΣ˵Ԫ档
̫ˣ
СΪȻǰ˽ףôǰ˽۷ĵҩòã
ʮţһ£ҿжʯʯ˵ЩصæԼĽָһ飬ȻСǱ߶һƣȫЩȫһԪҪһģһġ
ҲҲǣСҲʾ̾ͰԼʯʯ˳ɴҪҩȫԪ
СЦһ£λȫʯʯ𣿡
ǰôˣõҩҲģ㲻ˣ
λҪżֻһ£Сƻ˹֪ͨʱܻܶĹ˿ͣһ£ԪȻãֻ֮ãǰȫʯԪĻǸλճûа취ٱˣٿһ£һЩʯ˵ҩһҲЩԼã򡭡
㲻ùܣпǣǶŶӣҲܵɽȥҰ޳ԡüߴٵ
ҲϽˣ֪һЩֶ̻ΣöʱһЩôŵûͨΪĹֶˡ
֪ڵʲôЩ˽ԪˣԺ򲻵ֵǻһЩƷһǣСƻĵЩȫõģǺ̻ʲôǹģǷģ˵ҩҲǰ˽ˮ׼ԪһӣԺ̻ģְ˽׵ԪǸͲõĻ⣬Ҫǣм۲£̻ҲǲǼ۵ġ
㡭˵ģСЩεĸоΪʲôôãǲ𣿡
Ȼᣬ֮Ϊ̻һλŵľŽʦҹʦЩ˽׵ԪʦĽС˵Ϊصʦ֮ţһ¯һ¯żŵʦȴԼٿżǧһƣﻹڴ̻һЩʦպʦԶֶˡ
찡Žʦֲú̻ôֱʣھŽʦ˵˽׵ҩֱ͸ûʲô˼ҩĻҶǰ˽۷ģŴͽţ̻ѡҩ˷׷ײĿ
Ҳû˵ǰţʦ˵ˣһŸոմﵽŽʦĶʮˣҪѧĻкܶࡣСƵ
ۡ
СŲûСһʮľŽʦ̫ˣ̻Ҫ
λǲҪôȣҸոո˵Ļǿһ£ţҲʦѵģҪһֵʯãȥɽﲶɱ޳ԷҲ˵ʱһЩֹѪҩǱҪģСȫֶԷӣȻǷģЩҩƷ˵һҲʦƵİ˽ƷʣԪһ滹һЩЧ
ЧСŶ뵽˵ط֮ʲôЧ
͵ȵԼȥɣʦ˵ˣǰٷְٶио٣ǾͿԼʣÿ˶вֻͬԼ֪ˡСٴЦ
СεǲٻɣΪǾŽʦ˵ģȻ
ȻС˵ǾŽʦŶʮ꣬㲻̫ţ̻ΪӰ죬ͷиŽ׵ʦǿ϶ģ˭ܰѰ˽׵ҩô¶
Щʯ㿴ŸҰһ£߳ԪɱҩƷҪո˵ְ˽׵ģʦƵҩĥһ˵ˣǼǮҲԭ𣿡
ǵģԭۣСһЦʦ˵ˣԸҪ޴½Ϸҩҩ
˰
СŶģǴ֪ôԼȥ鶼̻ôԪԱ˳ŵ
Уҵ취תָҲá
СŰ㿴ҴӺ鶼̻Ԫ̫ˣҪҡ

ҿҶû˵꣬ôͿˣƵ
㵱ɵԼɵˣҵʯˣʲôԪ˵ˣа˽׵ȥ׵ģвСŭ
Ц˵Ҳǰ
Ҳ򣬲˻򰡡СһתۣٺЦ˵еЩ֪̻а˽׵ҩˡ
һĴȣ԰Щԩͷȥ
Ȼ˵űԩͷʵԪȴűǮġ
˾̾ľڴˣҩģҩģ˶Լռ˱ˣ̵ľˡ

鶼̻ᣬǷֻ
ڻͷƷɢһˮԱߵĹܼʵԪ̻ļ۸ֽûУ
үûУǻǰհǺ鶼̻Ҫ˲٣ٹһζʱ䣬¶ܵǺ鶼̻ˡܼҺǺǵЦ
ǾͺãʵǺ̻أʲô𣿡
ûУԷƺǽ۶ûᣬǰԭţܼҸӵˣǻֻǿſڱ棬ȥƣԪ̻ỹпڷԣ̻Ҫ̾û˹ˡ
ߣǾͺãҾҪǺ̻һҩĶûУҵֻҪҩͷסˣǶĩˡЦ
ү̸ҩ⣬˵ҪһҩͻȻ˽


682 иҩ
üͷС㱨ʲôҩҹܼңǴĵҩҲܼ
ǣү˵ǣ˵ǵҩ򡣡ԥ˵
ʲôıˣҩģҪǣвɣ
Ҳô˵˵ֻҪµڣһĵҩȤЩΣСô˶ߣԾֻ㱨үˡ
ʵ¶Ҳ㱨ܼҵģүȻҪȸӣ˵ɫ⡣
˵ôʹ죬Ҫǰֱܼһ㱨ŭ˲Ź֡
ү¶ȻЩ֣Ҳû˵ĵҩϾģеͼ۵ĵҩҲĻǻǻҪġܼҲʧʱһ¡
ŶǾͼǸ˰ɣҵҪҪʲôĵҩ˸վ

Уļλҩˡ
ʮͣȻֻһһʱûϳԷڽܹ󣬸ܳףԭүܼһ棬ҡ
л˵˵ҪҺ鶼̻һҩ𣿡ĻǺܶԷĹάֲֵ̫⣬úŴٵװС
ģ»磬ҩ󲿷ֶ̻ʮֳԪҲ̾ת⣬֪̻ᣬʱԪʮֻ𱬣ʱ̶ķգУöԪ֪ǷȤ
˵ʵҲôȤ۾ԪǺܲûдﵽҪȥɹ״Ǻ鶼̻ԼʦҲ㹻Ӧˡ
Ҳ˵ģҪЩʦʵɱҲǺܸߵģһҩĳɱͣٻȤ𣿡̽ʵ
ҪһȤأļװȤӡ
һԵĹܼҿﰵͷλ٣Ȼ˵һЩǿó̸лǺеȻ̲洫
絹һ£ҲЩˣҲȤ𣿡
Ŀ˹ܼһֱۣӰ۾ˡ
ܼ״ү˼Ҫ֪Ǻ鶼̻ҲǴ̻ᣬеʦ٣۵ҲԼʦĵҩǳɱһЩŻĵسۣ෴ĵҩ·޷ȷǵĿɿԣǳɱһЩȥǾⱾ⣬ȥ⣬þ͸ˣΪʲôҪðַأ
⡭һʱסˣĥһ²ŵҵĵҩǿɿģһС̻ᵹյʱⱾңòô࣬ԲŻҪ̻ᣬҸұ֤ЩҩƷû⣬ǿһһż飬Բвġ
Ǻǣһһż飬ѵҪǮΪʲôҪʱأҡҡͷ˼㣬ðɣĵҩж͵ļ۸˵ȻûȤ˵Ƽȥĵطһ¡
м۵ۣҲǱڵۼ۸񣬻Ҫɣ缱æԪĻ𱬣ֻҪһ֣ɵ󣬾׬Ⱑ
ǺǣѣҲҺųƱˣԼʦɱҲˣƲ
⡭һʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
۸񣬵ȷ㲻ñˣܼҲڵ֪۸񣬿ҲŽⲻڣ鶼̻ȻǴģͲܾͻ´кʵĵҩǡ
ү˵Ҫһ𣿡ۿԷҪһʱļæȥ
ļ۸̫˰һӣôߵļ۸񣬸ûĸ̻ԸҪеĻԼȥһһȥɣ˵ҵҡ
ү˵ЦˣⵤҩҪ̫࣬ǻȥһһˣЦǴү˵۸ôźʣм۵ĳɰΣ
ǹ󰡣ҡҡͷˣҿҲͦģͰ۰ɣҿ԰ЩҩʡصĳͶˡ
۰ɫ
ѾǴүˣүͲҰ·ĵҩܼҲҲҪúüһ£ԴγõģǾԲյġ
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ǾͺãҲңƭҺ鶼̻ͷϣΪҲûĺӡ
ǣСôأ̾˿۾۰ɣү˻⣬պ鶼̻Ҫһͳµ̻ˡ
ĺǺǵЦֻǴնѣΪ̻ϡҩ𣿡
ٴιά˼䣬̴ӽָͳ˵ҩԷ顣
ܼҽʦƿҩĿһ顣
Ȼ˵Ҫ飬Ƕʦ˵ȷǲÿһŶ۾ȥģֻҪʶһɨҩǲƷһ¾ܱ⵹ûл̫ʱ䣬ܿͳ˽
үҩƷʻԡܼĻ㱨
ţʯɡĵͷԸ
л֮ʯ߳˺鶼̻ᡣ
ȷԼ뿪Һû׷֮󣬻һȥôİЩҩˣۡûôȻûطȥˡ

ĵȻ֮תͷʹܼңܼҿʲô
ҿȷһɢ޶ѣЩҩܿһЩС̻ᵹ֮ʱͼⱾϵģû֣ҪҪ̻תһʣû뵽ү棬۸ѹ˼ޣٵ͵Ļҩĵļ۸񶼲ˣ鶼̻дү֣պȻ޴½һ̻ᡣܼҲʧʱƨ
ô˵ҩƷʵȷˣʵ
ţҩҸոҲԿˣȷʵģС̻óֵҩɫģҲȷǲˣ̻۵ЩԪҲһˣ۵ļ۸ת־Ϳ׬Ͻһ룬Ǿ̵šܼЦ
ǾͺãıЩƮƮȻˣȫףԸʦ⼸ԷŻһЩٶˣЩҩϿ棬ǿϢ졣
һöҩòƲܻʲôڵٶȣܿͻģʦǶϢĻ¾ҪӦˡܼҳɵ
Ǻǣʲô⼸첻ҩΪЩ˾ͻܵ𣿡ĵ˵͵ļ۸Щɢ޾ٵȼ죬Ҳ̵ٿŵʱЩ˰ЩģԶܰι̫Ƿ֪ǵҪ
ү˵ܼ޵
үи̻ҩģ𣿡֮ǰ㱨ֽˡ


683 ɢ޷
ΪʲôĺǺЦҵҪһʲôͷĺҹﻹûж֣߶ٵСɫЩҽҲãʡڻʱ䣬Ҳ̫û˼ˡ
үδס೤ʱ䣿ܼʵ
ô𣿡۾ʵ
ү˵ﻰҰͲôүһֱסͷҲʱ̶үѧϰܼЦ˭֪үǺ鶼̻ĸǰҪôүһֶֶãܾ׬ء
೤ʱ䣬ǵÿҹͺˣ˵ѾҪܷʲôֵǸҩĽнɡ
󹦷֮ڹܼҵĹά֮Уһöҩ⣬۸Ȼԭ۵ĳɡ
Ȼ⻹ǽһ֮УĽŵʱôοԼҲ֪ʲôˡ
Ҫ˵С̻ᵹ̨һﵹ̨С̻Ҳ̫˰ɣѵΪǺԪ̻ңＷ˺̻Ἰ죬ͻһƬС̻ᶼ£
˵С̻ᶼ̨ˣҲڰѵҩɰײ˼ɣЩС̻ᵹ̨֮ǰеҩɼ۸˦֣϶д˷ɹôҲǺ鶼̻ĳɵļ۸Ҫɣ
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үһʱʲôҲܼҲǺơ
ҪһЩ˵ĵʱ򣬾Ѿоͷˣòһ¶Էκδү޵ǵﲻԸҲֻܿŶԷԼˡ
Ϊʲôȷûף˭ôȱۣĵҩǮջ
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ѣɲҰ⻰˵һ»ǷүҿΡ
ϻôͿˣ˳ֻԼˡ
϶Ǻ̻ĹΪҩȷǺõҩҸǵļ۸ɱ۶ǣǴڻǮΪ̻˭ôɵܼҲǼš
һ侲ĵľ˺ĺҹĹƣ֮£Щĵҩ˵治¶Ϊô⻹׬ģҩܻٲ
˵Щô£ҲŻôСɶ̨ˣУҲô͵ļ۸ѵҩЩˡ²ˣƽ͵ʵ
ȻǺ̻ıҿֻһЩ˰ڻĵҩóܼ˿Ž˵ǾǼȱʯҪҩʯ˱ļʯ¼ԷͬõҩּۣЩֻǰѵҩＯһӴʯ
зʲôĶֻʲô鷢Ҫ޶ʯģһòٵʿԼڻĵҩ̻Żݵʱ򣬻Ҫóͼ˦ӦֵòСɣɻ
ܼҲЩΪˣⷽ滹ûʲôȥ飬һܿнġ
ϹܼһûжŵˣһΪҩģ̾ͲͷĻ֣߸ߣΪǺ鶼̻ƴеװʲô¼ֻҲҪʯУܱȺ̻Ԫ̻ˣǺ̻ᣬһ˿Ļᶼܸǡ
ǰүβҩģͷһϢ̻жˡæ˵
Ŷʲôһ˾
ǸոһϢҪᡭ˻û˵꣬Ѿϡ
ҲǶǾ̻ҲῪᣡ
ؼϵĶͨñȵۻҪߣԺ̻̻ܵѻ״ǵ˿ıʲô
ǰүȷǺرС˶һЩɢҪ֪Ϣ¸Ҫ˵÷ˡæ͡
ŶҲʵɵӣ̾뵽һҪʲôĶ𣿡
үӢȷǺĶǴǰڸ̻ᶼ򵽵Ķ˻ٸпһ£һĵɫƣŲӣǡ¼̻ҪĶŶó¼
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ȻǲΪЩڵĿǺ̻ĸѺ̻ڿˣĻǺ鶼̻
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Щҩ޷ƣӦòҪ̻Ŷ԰֡
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ŶҲ֪˺٣ΪûйĹҲ֪Ȼٳ̶ֳȣһ֪츳УŻת֮ģ޴½شﲩҲйֲš
֪㵣ʲôҪһ¼ٴθƣԼģ֪ķΧڣûа취ЩҸǿĸˣټһƵķӦҲ˫ˣŻܱ˵ȥҹȻѾǹ⡣
ˣŷһ¼ѾˣȻҹܴһ¼ٴθƣֶΣӦʮþˡ
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֪ʱ䣬ûйϢҹĬһ£ͻȻʵ
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ҵ찡ԭô׬𣿿ɡҿҲûȥĿͷѵȫҪѹԼ𣿡̶
׼ϸ̻ᣬڡɽĺйȥʲôͷЦ
ǡ˷˼ʯ𣿡̶ɴ۾ں̻棬Ҳܲ˷ѡ
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685 ׼
ջϰԼĿͷ̶Լؿڣ˵ƣƿջϰһٱǶľٶ
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ǲ˵׬˼ʯôԭ˷̶ԼӺܲá
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ֻһ棬ʹﵽ˼ʯǲ̫Щ̶ҲΪ𾪡
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687 ɢ޵
¼ֻһ˶ѣʱƵģȴкü
ϸ۲Ļ⼸˶Ǹղų߼۵ģҲһԣɢޡ
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ոյƺ̫ˣһһѵģΪ̻жƷֿѡǲǶൽ췱ǣҲĵزҹʵ˵Ѷȴ㣬ȴһûо̶ֳȵ⣬һ۾ܿ𰸡
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һЦЩǲûбɿһ֣ѾԼµ˼֡
ôҪ˵˵ʮ¼λ̨ˣҹĿȥǱֶһɢޣȻóʮʯ
ҵȷǻݵɢޣǿԲ飬µҲҵ£ǿǴ̡߳Ц
ŶðɣҹһɢޣɷϣҲǸܸеɢޣΪͨòʮʯģе˿һ˵ʯòҹûȥǿ⣬ת˵˴˵״£㻨ʮһݻָ¼˾Ͳˣøûʯɢأǿǵ⣬ǲŽ¼ƳһԵģø˵õҲҪôʯͬԪһһţһţʱ򣬻ʮΪֵôʯһΣһΣļ۸ֻҪ˸׼۾򵽣Ϊ˻ݼɢޣÿ˶лᣬ͵ļ۸ѡʺԼ
˵úãѾΪҹݽȲˡ
ߣ˵úܸУΪɢޣβеͼۣȻѡ˵ǾҪȡ棬ȴҪ˵ùûʣ߼
ҪˣҹЦ̻᱾ߣҪȡ棬Ҫ˵ùûʣҴһʼҲû˵ʲôƾ٣Ҽǵոջ˵̻ҪһΪɢ޵棬ȻܸУҲܸжòϣ̻û˵仰˵ӺɢʣȷΪûпӺκˣ̻ᣬ˵ʮʯǰʮҲδؾָұɢޣҲ½򵽣ǵõʯҵõⲻ˭˭˫Ӯ
ʲô˫Ӯǰôˣֻǵ棬ȴǵ߽ŵ
Ԫ˶򣬶ЧҲһԵģΪʲôûô֣ҹʵһָҪõ˴֣ɢ޵𣿵ʱɢ޵ʵձҿ˵ǴŵϲŶ԰ɣΪɢ޿ԵõŵһǴŵⷽƾͱСˣɢ֮䶼ֻᣬһǴǰһƽȣֻǸŵ֮ĲСˣѵҲ⿴
ɢޣǿһ·ֻҪȥܾܿͻһȴǰɣӹء
ʱɢ޻ȻȲĵӣϾԷǿĵ̣ٸŵ֮ĲǱСˣҲӵԼʺϵֻһͱȴǰҪǿ˰ٱ
ո˵ô֣ܽ¼õ̶ֳȣǲûɢ޵棬ɢˡ
һ룬ǽԪҲ˴֣Ϊɢ޵ǻȥɢ޵
ôһ룬̾͸оԾĿΪƵض˸ոµļˡ


688 Ź
λȻǲԸԩͷΪǵ棬Ǿǵʯ뿪̻ɣҹɵȻؿǼˣ̻᲻ôΪ˲Щ¼۸ʵ̫ߣǵĴڣǡǡҲͬãȻΪ̼ңʵǺܻӭ߼ߣΪø򵽣ֻýĳЩ¼ݣԹˣòôߵļ۸ȥǾô޳ܣû취˭ɢ޲ôǮأ
ǣԸͳȥɣˣ¼ĿԾ͸ˡЩɢѾڴЦˡ
Ϳ⼸˲ɢޣֻץ֤ݣʦ棬⼸˶ȥ
ԶԶԣһȥװǲɢ޺ãװһΪɢֹӣŶҪһ١
λɢǵĺ𣿡ҹЦЦǼˣҪߵĻɣ
ɢޣոջ˵ˣ˺̻⣬治ǴŵԵװ֪̽ⳡҵĿûˣΪɢ޵ĶѾҹɿѾˣֻתոһʱϣҲΪ˽ʮʯһ¼ʦŪһһʱܲˣûתʦٸһɡ
ԶԶԣҲһʱͿɢޣȥǵݣǺڻסûȥĵطʦٸһɡ
Ѿ֪ˣʦŹ
˲С˹Ҳһɡ
Щ˵İҹɫûзֺĸı䣬ֻǴһӣ֮Уһ룬ź̻İ̽
ɢǵĿⶼǼϣ޲ܰЩ˶ˡ
Ҳֲǣǰ¼ûеطȥ򣬴յӵֱȽϸ񣬲츳õʿûʲôᡣ
ںòһ̻ᣬԴżһѵ¼óȻֻһԵģҲûǿ
˵ˣ󲿷ֵɢҲֻһԵľͿˣֻҪ̻һֱôȥԺֻҪڿЩ׬ЩʯҲͿԻ¼ˣĺ°
ɸո⼸˵ȻͰǵĺ¶ˣһ𶼲̡
ʦҾɢޣһ̽ĵȻҲ˵ˣֻһǰ̽һɢˣǰһ𶼸ϳȥȻЩɢ˵ǲƽġ
̸ЩҹĮشĻνĹƽһĲֵҲҪ㹫ƽһɢޣ¼ҵģԸ㣬Ϳ򵽣Ը㣬Ҳް취ҳʲôƽʵǿЦ˭˵ɢҾһģֻҪˣʣµ¼һԺҲٿᡣ
ǼʦŲǻǣ
ʦǾŽʦЩ¼óǾǶɢĺ£ΪԼǿôамʯ˲ʦܿǵļʯ
ôˣɱǣҲᴥŭǱҲﲻǡ
ɢһҹĻ֪˵ʵһŭ˵Ļ̫ˣһȺ⼸̽
ˣҹЦЦҪľЧɢǴվԼ⣬ھҪöԷֻ֪иԼվһʱ򣬲ܵõĺôոյõ۹ʵֻһԶλãҲضŭʵϣ⼸СɫҷҿȥֻҪĹ⣬Щ¼ȥǵӿҹţƾǵʦ޷ƽЩ
Ҷһ£û뵽ҹͻȻָıˡ
̽Ȼһܴȥʧ̫ܵס
ɢǣҹ׷ܹټȥˣ͸Ӳȥıģֻ۾»ص档
ǵڶ׻ָ¼ʯļ۸ɽһȥһɢ޸ӵļһ
һױָ¼̽ССؾһ¼۸ʮļ۸ɽ
һױֱָһҵİ̽򵽣۸˰ʯ
һױָɽ۱һʯ֮ǰ̽ڣȴʲô˵
ʵϣҹЩ¼㲻ж󣬾ǻָ֮ģҲֻǿеȵ
ɾҲͨɢ޶ܽӴģֻ߾ǽӴεȴԼƥ䣬ǻԣȴӵһָһǵȷûʲôô
ҹǸ˴ѡĻᣬɹǣ۸˵ȫԽܵġ
ǱָʮʯûУԵȵʱ̾ͱһʯɢ˵Ҳ쵽һԽܵķΧˡ
һ£⻹ǸոտʼԺĴأ᲻Ἰǧʯ˾ͿԸ㶨ˣ
˷ܵǣҹƺһĺ£ͲںЩ¼ǮЩǮòư̽ĴһԺƺĿ򵽱˵¼ˡ
˼֮Ҳ֪ǰ̽ǶΪҲԩͷû̫ٳ߼ۣܶ¼Լǧʯļ۸ȥġ
ӣĵɢޣЩûĵɢޣ쳣˷
ĵȻԼô˵ļ۸񣬾͵õǵûĵģҲ뵽һĲûϵֻҪȥԼĵȺֱ˵ĺ°
״̬һӳ죬ֱۻڳ˳ԲҶоͬһ
ε͵ˣʵǵʦҹλʦͷ
Էæ񣺡Ϸ֮꣬ʢᣬʦҵҫܿ˶ɢֵǣԼϲպΪһ޴½ɢʵһ̨ףϷҲͬ˼һ㡣
ⷬҲڳ˶һʱҹֿˣҺܸˣкܶ¼Ȼû򵽵ѣҲֻܱʾһ±ǸϾ¼ֻô࣬һ˵ľޣҲҪģԺ󻹻Уҳעͺˡ
ʦ˵˵´ʱ𣿡
Ѱᣬڽ֮󣬴ߵûӰˣǴʱ˿̣ȴûһ߳ǻڴҹܸǴľϲ
ЩûĵԼʺϵűһõУǰҪ¼ʱĿ͸ˡ
ʱ䣬һǲ˵ҹ̹Ȼ˵֮ǰҲ˵ˣһ˫ӮĽףʵϣҪĻ˵ô㣬Ұ¼ʱ䣬Ƶҩ׬ʯڵļʮ
ɢһȻȻ֮Ҳ˵¼ʮֺʱһʱӵԼûлȥһ


689 
ҷģȻ̻˵Ҫⷽ⣬ͻһȥϣÿһλɢ޶ԼʺϵֻϣʱϲҪߵ̫һҲҪʱ䣬Ҳÿ춼ֻ¼飬ʶ¼ҲҪȹӦ̻ڲԱԴҪһЩҹ͵
ҹǰεĻǷһģмһΣҸǶҹʾ⣬˼һŽʦϻʱЩ׬Ǯȴֺܷ飬Ѿɢ컯ˣʲôģ
һ䣬۾һ
ڲԱȣ
ʦҪôܳΪڲԱ̾ʳ˴ҵ
ҾͲ̫ˣҹֻ̯̯֣ʦѣְΪСһЩ¼Щϵ飬ǻɣֻʵ¼ȽڲԱͿˡ
ȥȣһʣڴ֮ǰȱѡһ鰡
һʱ䲻ǵõģûеõģ۾ʯһ
С㣬ûлΪ̻Ч
ǰǰΪ̻Ṥһֱұ룬ҽҪԲΣ
㻹ȥȽϺã̻ܽᣬֱΪ֮ܶĿ꣬СһҪҵϥǰ
ٰ꣬׼Ҳ˳ᢵˣο˿ҹѾ·ȫ̺ã΢΢һЦʵĿǰ̻Ҫ˲࡭
һ仰ͰѴ˵ĻϨȥˡ
ҲǻҪˣ˻Ǽеʵҿ϶һ
ҲǣҲǣ
ٽʾҰһЩĿǰҪԱ̻࣬ΪʦĵȱϺõҩӦ齨֧ţ֮ˣ̻ڲԱĴһͬǴ⣬ԹעǽڱŵļĻһЩ
ţ
һ漴ͿϲȻţҪ϶ˣԼҲܳΪеһԱ
ʴС㣬ŵڶĻҲȵõ¼𣿡˹ĵ⣬ҪȻҲһ̻ˡ
ᣬǺ̻ڲˣҲ͵õ¼ǲǴţҼǴţҲ¼еĵӳ˵øһЩЩ˭õȻҪʯġ
ɢһʧԭûôãΪ˺̻ᣬͻѵء

ղʦ˵ģʵȹӦ̻ڲԱȻ󹩴𣿡ܵõѵĶܵõʣЩ˵Ҳһ־޴ջ
ǡٴηˡ
εķϣɢʧ˹ȵףô̻ᣬǼֱûʲô𰡡УȻ˭ʲôƱţԼҸԼ
ڽ̻ᣬǱŵһˣҪ¼ЦЦּ˵̻Ὣÿ¼һڲۣԸԼҪ⹺۸Ҫͳܶ࣬ȻͬʱҲҪģִ̻ʱ۵Ļ֣Խܹ࣬ȼԽߣ۸Խˣ㹻Ļ֣ʦ룬һʺ
һʱȫǱһðګګؿڣС㣬˵ģ
Ȼ
ʦô¼𣿡
Ȼ
ô˵ֻҪڱúŬù࣬Ϳѵõˣ
Ȼͬʱ㻹Եõ̻ḶӶ𡣡
ֵñʯҪҪúô󰡣
ȻеûҪڴֻע⵽ˣ̻ɲ¼еҩзһ̻򵽵ģûֻһҩ
찡ҸоԼһŵĵӶҪˣЩɢѾѣˡ
ᣬͻȻɫո˵ֻڻ㹻£ʵϣҪõ̻Ļ֣ôףһǰָܶԺܻΪ˵ˣƽڱŬ֮󣬶õӦĻ֣ǽ˶ѵĻԶԶﲻûȡжĵزǵʯӶ𣬻ԴչƽõĵҩԼͨķҪĶЩֻ⹱ףõֵ£ЩΪ̬ġ
ɢȶһ£ϸ˼֮ҲΪ˵ǽ˱ţͿ԰һⶼĻ²ʮƭ˵ĹиĿŶȡ
ɢ˵ҲǼĺ£Ϊܶɢһ׺ʵϼѣֻҪ뵽̻ıͿԵõҪһˣ²ôãҲʺԼĶ
ЩϣӶһЩҲǿԽܵġ
Ҫ
ҲҪ
ڶݵ˼֮󣬺ܶɢ޵ϵؾҪռһȻ²ҪкܶˣٶҲҪиƣɢ޶е̻Ժҩ˭ȥ
ҪĻǿȥעһţ˴Щ˵ġתͷҹһۣƮƮˡ
ţ
¡һɢǺХһ㳯ȥһ·ͳžۼȥˡ
棬ЩһμģﻹЩˬǰкöĵˣȴֿʼˣҪһҲȵõôҪϢ
ܿǾͷԼˣΪűžۼسȥģֹһˡ
˭ûѣһһֻƬ̹֮䣬ܶ˶֪˺̻ҪԼıţһӦźҲ
㵽󣬼⼸ɢޣűܻȥˡŪñܻһΪħžսҪ˱ܻء
˽֮󣬱ܻﲻһЦ
˼ңǰ̻ģһڳţ̾ôͷҪǱܻᶼ˰
ǰҲǽȡ̻񣬵ƣòԺ̻ҪԼе񣬰ǶƲһ߶ȥ˰
ʲô취עᣬѾǸǱܻӣ˼ٻһĿֱԽǣҲһжû
ޱ֮У̻ԼĵһԱ
ôұȽʧǣֻа࣬ɢ޶ûѡڱŵĸ˵ˣЩֻֻıųԱպڸֻὨԼıţʱ˻лᡣ
Щɢǲ뿪Ȼɢ޲٣ҪݵɢǾţһëԼǰõϢռ˺ܴıˣʱǰȥռлġ
ͬʱں鶼ֻ̻Դŵ֮ɫ͵ǰ¼תͷһλȥʦԿʼˡ


690 ׯʦ
λΪʦˣǺ鶼̻һλʦȻ鶼̻ᲢǶԼӵе¼Ҫʦܹ
ʱʦҪģǽ̽ǴӺ̻¼һθơ
үЩ¼ȷһԵ¼ҪƣҪȽʹãȻ֮ҵʶӡ޷ͨ¼һֱӽиƣʦڼһ֮˶ԣͬʱ˵Ҳ֪̻ҵָˣȻܽ¼ƳһԵƷֶʵԣ
ɫЩϲɲǷпˣʦ;춯ְɣôֻҪܽ¼ƳͿԣ̻ĶǺ鶼̻ҲеұǻҪӱˣҿЩɢ޻ȥ˭Ķ
ҸƳģȴһԵ¼ʦЩΪѣĻҪ̻һƷǲģΪһ¼ظʹãֱ¼ù⣬Ϊֹ
𣿡ü漴չ޷ȻǵĶ׬ǮǷųõ¼϶Щɢ޵Ļӭ¼ܿͻôֵĶ̻϶ˡ
ʦ룬үǱż˰ɣǷķһԵƳ¼Լ˵ļ۸ȥԼ˰
Ǻ̻ԺҲˣ˼һöˣô׬ԼⱾǿ϶ģ˶һº̻ᣬǱ˲ֵɢޣûĵ̻
룬ֻ̻һʦȻλүƣֻþͿʼˣ飬ȥ֣ƽʱҲеҪˣ¼ҲӵȤ
ʦһ׻ָԼǻԵԪԶҲƫãѡ˻Ե
ƷҲô߰һʶ¼Ϣһš
ΪʦȻڴ鶼̻ҲСſɱȣ¼ָҪ߼ö࣬ȻǿЩ
󹦷ʦѾָӡԼһ֮󣬿ʼԽʶеʶ¼
ʱʶͻȻԽԽʦоԼʶЩ߬סˣֻǿѹţöԷԼʶ֡
ʶ֮ǿҲ㹻ʱ¼ʶ̫֮ˣȫ¼оųɵĻ
ʦʶУͻȻһİһ
ֻʦǱϾʶǿ˵ʶֵԼʶΣտ֪ڴ֮ǰȻһûз붼һ亹
ǶԷкֱӾͰʶﱬǲǾųɵĻᣬʮʮضᱻը
¼ĸˣʦ˲ô£֮ǰҲֻ׻ָͶһʶԷ˭ͲܣҲǷ£֪εǰ
ûеңֻ¼һԵģȻҸƣ㲻ƣ֮¼ʶȻʧһʶҲκεӰӣһжܺгҪƣǸҹȥˣֻܸһѵ
䣬ʦ˵һͺʲôըһ۵һѪæʱ򣬲ŷָո׻ָѾʶʧʶȻܵشҲûеﲻɻָĵز
ոǸ˵Ļһ£ԷҪȡǾ;Բˡ
Լʶ֮뵽¼棬ҶԷƾͲһʼƣɿƶԶԷ˺̶ȣ˵ֶμֱҪˡ
ʦԷҲҪﵽ龳ĳ̶ȣܽһһᶼû
ʦôˣʧˣһԷӣ̾ʵ
ʧܣǱ˴ˣʦ̾һү㻹ưɣߣȰ㻹ǷͷҪٴЩ¼⣬Щ¼ˣʵǿ˿ֲĵزǱϷһҲ޷ˡ
Ŷĵɫøˡ
˸߼ۣ¼Ϊľ뿴̻ܲܽͼ߽⣬ûа취ƣǻ߽ʲô
ûнİ취𣿡ǲġ
ǴүҪһԵĻֻһλ˿ϷʵΪˣʦ̾ո飬Ѿʶɢˡ
˵ħ¼֮ʶֻҪ˾ͻᱻʶ֮˵кһ
ûа취ƲҪֻҪҳ¼ʶЩɢޣ̻ʶ˵Ǻ̻ͼɢ޵ı
ǲûйϵֻҪžС
¼ᱻ˵ҪƵĻͻᴥԷ¼֮еķ󣬴Ӷ޴ĹոնԷѾһλĻ¾ͻˡʦ
ʦܷҳ¼֮дʶ֤ݣֻҪץסһ㣬̻ˡæʵ
ܣԷʶʶ󷨹ⷨǶ֮УǲƵľٶκⶼᷢڣҪҳκڹ֤ݣҲҲġʦҡҡͷ
ֻܽЩ¼ܻˡٴʧֻŻܻ˵
̻֮᲻Ǹ̻ʦһ£Ƕ˾ԶԷּƣò˶ʱ䣬ͻϯ޴½ˣʱҪǺɾˡ
ʦֻרͺˡЩ䵭˵
תűԺȥʦٵıӰֻ̾˿
ͨͷ󣬾ֱ˲ĳأ鶼̻ܻڵء
ڸ鶼㱨ε֮󣬶ԷҲüͷڳƬ֮󣬲˵ȻʦûаգǾׯʦһ°ɣ԰Щæ
ׯʦʦҪ𣿡ʵ
ֹ鶼Цλׯʦ˵ģӦеģ֮һÿһͨĴʦ
ȥòסĵ
ҲǸ׵ģЩ¼Ҳÿ鶼ԶӵĻǴһЩǣҪۿһµġ
ףԭλ׾ҪЩ¼һʦʵ
λ˵еȫͨׯʦܿˣڸ鶼һ֮תۿģȻһ£ȴ죬֮ʮ㡣
ǸǺ鶼̻Ĵүպ̻ĵһ˳λ̳ˣȻʦˣ
ׯʦ֪һԵ¼鶼ɫʵ


691 ˵˵
Ȼ֪ׯʦ鶼һۣе˵ֶֻȻʧΪ¼ʹ˵¼ȻǱԽԽã¼˵һ¼ܽʡʱ䣬ǸʶȻ߲ϲҪַãȻҲûˡ
ӶһۣλׯʦЩµģ˵һҲͷͷǵزһ¼֮Բڵԭ
⻹ҪĿɲǽͣҪܲһ¼
ׯʦ¼һʹã֪ׯʦܷƳͬ¼鶼ѯʵ
Ŷׯʦһ£ŰĿϣǷŵʶ¼Щ𣿡
鶼Ҳ˵ֻ뿴ԷķӦ
ׯʦԥһ֮ŵһ°ɣԼʶ̫֮ǿֵͼ¼ֻһɨȥ̾ͱٵˡ
޷ǻٵҲû顣鶼˿
ׯʦʱʮ㣬ҪûʲôգҪʶ֮ⶫˣвٵֶεġ
ֻϵĳ¼ʶۣһ¼ڲ̽ȥ
䡭
ʶ֮¼ڲ˷˵ƻ¼ѾԼ⧲֮£ׯʦ㶼ûж㿪ʱ˳ϷĴ
顭
һ¼֮ĵûбׯʦʶ¼Ҳըֱ̺ӽׯʦϵӶը˼
ҲֹڴˣҪȻׯʦֱӱˡ
Ӻ֮͸һӰӣϷʵ̻Щ¼ṩݣȻΥԼֻýЩٵˡ
ׯʦڵ˲ˣһǻŭʱҵ˷йĵطηҡ
Ҫʩչʶ֮ĺӰɢɺӰȴһȼ˻棬ֱͷҲһȼģ˻𣬿һǱӣȴҲׯȥˡ
ģ鶼ü
⡭¼֮Ƕ˷ʶҪһ㣬ǳѣҪ¼ĹָƣķʽȥȴһۼҲܴӱ濴ׯʦæţҲû֮ǰĸ߰ӡ
ܲ鶼üʵ
ܡׯʦװһ£һ鶼ɫ̾ͷˣ˵ʶ쳣ǿ󣬶õʶ϶ǵϹģеʦĶ֣
ףҵһ취ͻȻЦЩʶ¼֮ҹʶֻҪݻǲݣһԴ̾ͻԶ٣ҹʶٵʱ棬ֻҪɢǿ֪ʶ¼бʶˣʱ˭׹̻¼
鶼һЦܺãȷһ⣬ͽȥɡ
᳤ҡׯʦԷôԼˣæѯʡ
ׯʦͨĵһʦ鶼λǱʦЦ
Ҳңׯʦ֪Էڷ̣Ʋң½ղ֪ˣ졭
ߣ㵱ΪҺ鶼̻Ǻû𣿲֪һЩǳ֮ҺųʲôһʦھͽնɱҲ˿ÿϧ鶼ŭ
᳤үׯʦͨ͹ڵϣߵݣҲֻĽ鶼̻ᣬҪڷԣµ֮ȷģȻ˵ǵһҲװŪ᳤Ļɫ᳤̧֣һ
ҪҲԣ͸űһȥ̻¼飬׵ذãһں鶼̻ȥ׼ԷΪɣ鶼һ
ǣһŴү鹫£ûүķȷǺֻܰҪԷʶ֮һ˵˭¼ˡׯʦάġ
ףȥټ֣һҪôһЩŻЧЦ
ţǲ棬鶼ҲҪһڡɽ󣬻Ԫ̻˼ܲһ£̻ڴţЩ˵ЩűǸżҲЩɡ
Ӣͷ

գѯ⼸ʱЩ鶼һλĨŹ׻ҵĺʦԱߡ
Ϣʱ¾͸ϻ㱨Һܿ͵õ˻Ӧ̾طֱչ˵ƺ̻¼ж
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Ƕʲôˣܿټ˺ܶ࿴ȥɢ޵ţһ֯һƺƴֻᡣ
ص㣬ǡǡѡڲݺݵı߽֮
ЩǷ˺ôŴӱĵ¼Уת˼ûùģȻһλʦžۼˣͼȥƸƣȻ̾ͱˡ
ĵ˶ںڰЦţҹʶҫɣֻҪһ֤¼ʶһɵ˶ȥ¼ˡ
ɵȰȰ֮ǰıը֮⣬ʲôҲûʲôҲûп
ԲۣǸò¼ȻԼǮԣ
ǰڸʲô˵̻¼ѵΪ٣ҲⰡ
ĶֻǸ˰¼ƻˣǲҪ˵֮ǰûϢҪˣҲȥˣЩܼǣĵȴϧ
λǻ¼𣿼ȻǲϲܲתøңҿԶึǼʯʵ̫ϧˡ
ɢ޿һ¼̲סԷеĸҪ
ⶫİ汻˲˷󣬻һҹʶֻҪԷԸ⣬һܰŪһ򲻶԰ҪУȻ˸̻
һѣΪ¼ɶҹƣѿ෴ҹۿ֣ܵһ¼ͺ޶ˣһɽʬ嶼ˣû˷֣һжҹͺ̻µӦţ̾Ϳʼӣ˵
԰Ǹһɽ㷢ֵʱʬ嶼ˣô֪Ǳ¼ģɢֲɵޣ̾˷⡣
˼תźʵ˵ǣΪҿȷʶƶģԿ϶ʶ¼ⰡǧҪȥ¼ˣΣա
˵˰죬µİɢȤȱȱҿ϶Ԫ̻ᣬǺ鶼̻İɣ
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ŷӦٿ죬˵ĻѾղȥˣ̾ףԭ̻Ϊ˾ԲŻڮٺ̻ġ
ҲԪ̻ᣬҲǺ鶼̻ˣҿ֤̻¼ȷ⣬˭˾ͻΣգ̻ػģҪɢһ򾡰һĳµ˵ҿԷħģԪ̻ᣬߺ鶼̻ˣҵﾡƣڹ֮¡
ҲͦݵģʱһɢˣΪǴҶģ˭Ҳֶġ
ҷģԼҲڣɽ𣿡ͻȻʵ˵ֻ̻̻᲻ԸҲѺ̻ˣǵҲ֡
ҵȻңҾڵˣҵѣź
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ǰһֱΪһĶ֣һĶѣڲŷ֣һѻеþȣ¾һŶӣô벻ҶѰ

ݣϴεľ¥ϴκȾƵļˣֻûŮûǮ룬⼸λŮϻ顣
εңûмƻãŻ©λеΡ
Ҳô˵ɽĵҲȷ̫޴ЩȻҲỵ¡ԲûԼΡ
ֻСЩɢޣҲСҹЩ¼ƱϸϸƷţǶΪҹʶ֮ʶģڿԷʶѾ뱾嵥ڣͬ񾳿Ʒһ㣬ΪǲŻ˶Էĵ
˵öԣ֪ǰͲˣҲƻҲһź
һεж֪˲࣬˾֮һٶ֣ͻϤܶ࣬˵ҪɵˣҲһ£ǰѸⶼӦˣȥȺɢǰϷҲŻǲƭЩûмʶɢޡ
˵òε飬ֻһССʧѣҶطϣʧһٴΣҲлֻҪһγɹˣ̻ͬҹЩ¼ͻȫɢʱ˭ҲȲˡЦ
ǶʱҪҵ̻һ¼ֻǲˡüͷ뵽̫顣
һ¼ֻڻһΣȻȷ˲٣ⶫһֻһ֮ͨ󶼲ᱣȥ㶼õˡ
Щûüõģ֮ҪҳĸдҲǸѵ顣
֮ǰǿǷ˲ٵ޵Щ¼ȫĵˣȴû˵̻ҹֺ
ҪҵĻҪȥأ
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Ҫ⵹ǣֻгڣǻδȵʱ򣬡ȻֻʱԵһߵݳ棬ҹаʶ֮ӺԼѣó֤֤пš
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ǴһʼˣͻȻЦΪ֪¼ҹʶԲŷ˴ռһ¼ͼͨں̻¼֤ҹɢͼǴشֱ˷ʱ䡣
ȻĿһɵó޵
ҲǸո뵽ѣȻһЦȻͣûк̻һ¼ȫԼһȻٳǴӺ̻ģаһҹֻҪϷˣЩɢȻϵ
һԵ¼Ե
һԵ¼䲹˼ԣ¼ǼٵģҲҪһ¼ǶὫ֮ٵûԽӴˣô֪һԣõ¼أ
⣡һĴȽеǻһЩٰɢ޵ˣɢȺʱһǴ׼Ҳš
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ţܺãǱ˰ˣԺһὫ˽㣬ɡ䳹׷
鲼ݣеطɢ޶ΪӣŵٴɢޣҲȥ̻¼ˡ
ΪʵǺҪΪʵȻҪûڣʲôΪʵġ
ҪɢȻ˴Ҵ˽ʦ֣ոմϢݳﶼ˷ֺ̻¼ʶڣѾ˼еɢע⣬˽ɢǾۼڽҴ¼Ŀ
Ŷ伸˶һҪ飬û뵽ߵǵǰ档
֮󣬳ļλ˭̻ҹôĳ
ѵںʹǸֶΣһ£貨ڸ̻ոսӦòʱˮ˴ҹʱѡַҲڻݣǴǸĵطǺ̻£˾ɢޣԱƣһ󲿷ߣڴǸ˵ȻмĲ
֮ݣɽ֮ڲݣЩŶǵزţͻȻһ̻ᣬ˴ɢޣȻһʱΣŵĵλѸٷչļƣƱػǸע⣬гִѹһ£ҲǺпܵġ
ڣȻûгڲݣֻҪһɹˣҲͲԶˡ
ҹãϡȫɱ̻ᣬԺ̻򿪾ʱѡֻлˡ
˭֣֮ǵĿһģҲȥո֣üë˿Ϸ˼Գ֣˳ˮ۵飬Ҳ˼ġ


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ںɽԪ鶼̻ᣬΪʲôԭ֮ҪԸ̻ᡣڣǷֻ˶Ժ̻᲻ͬʱȻʮϲ
˵ĵ˾ѣڶԷĻϣٰһѣ̻ԸٶԨȻǴҶҪ顣
ֵǴǸ󣬻ڣֻڵϣǴʱƲһЧһҲǱ̬ȣ˵ܸڼһЩ飬ȷһٶõ顣
ʦ֣Ѿˣŵɫ˱䣬Ż㱨εͻȻص̽ӣͬʱյϢرͨʱǱѾҪˣһ⡭
һΣ俴˵ɫͻȻüʵ
һⱻ֤ݺЩվָҹͺ̻ˣɢ޴ˣЩߵģ׷ɱ̻Ѿץɢҥߣȼ̻ţۼ񣬶¼һݣһѡ¼ԣ޴½ɢǣһѰɢҥԵˣֻҪһֱ֣ڵһʱ䱻УСʦ˵֮䣬ɫҲ쳣֮ǰɳȥǼˣʱ㱻˶ϣܵÿ죬Ѿץȥ¼ˡ
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һǵȷǺˣ֮ǰǳϷʱп϶Ҳɢ޾Ǻ̻İ̽ǿ϶֪¼£ûЧ֮׼ʱɢһɡҲͷ
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뵽ʲô俴ɫԽԽʵ
ȻһЦںʹǸֶΣǺ̻ҹֶβŶԣ
۽ǳ鴤һ£ҲеԵɡ
ɶ񣬡Ȼ߰ʱҲ̾ͨ˹ؽڣȫǺ̻ݵһϷȻΪλƫƫôһɹĶûУ¼ûʶƾЩɢޣҲÿʶơ
ҹȻ֪ǿ϶ᣬ֮ǰԼˣ̾˿һǽݵ棬Ҳˡ
ںʹǸڣҪҲ̻ܽǾͺðˣͻȻ۾һںֻ̻ݣٱȥǻηչЩС𣿡
蹫Ӻ乫һĻҲмʵֵĿܡһ˼⵹ҲʧΪһ⣬̻룬ڴǸ˵Ȼʲô¡
»Ҫӳ飬üǸȻ뱻̻ΣԼĵλĿǰ̻ڻݵûпΣǣҺ̻¼ɢ֮ģʱóȻ𣬿»ɢ޵ǿҲڴǸִ˵Ȼܵɢ޵ĳ⣬չ鲻ʲôõԼԵСˡ
Դ£ҪҸͷָŶͷչյ¼ϣǻҲˣȴǲڱЩֽţ̻ڼмʲôħӣ˲֮٣ǲǸԽ֮ڱС֮Уɢ޶ҪܶԶ֮ˡ
һħһĻǿ̻ᣬҲ߽ⲻԶˡҲ¶˼Ц
˵õȷ֮ǰ˵ǽҵţ̻ἸǴ֮УһؽԶ֮ǰһ̻ĻԻͣ˶˵̽Ů֮Ůûк죬ҲǸһŮѣ䲻ص˵죬ǵ̽һˣλȻҲ̻ӣ˭Ҳòϣ֮ǲɺӣڵĺûʱķâ¶ڵĺ̻ᣬ˵׾ٵر壬ֻ²ܡ
ȷҪְ취ǰĺ̻ᣬȷǲ̫ܣȴлᣬ룬Լļƻֻ̫ҹʵ㣬ҰȴǷǱһش蹫Ӻ乫ˣ̽һ´Ǹ˼ĻҲּɣ֣ҪһĻһССĺ̻ᣬôܻдڵĵǺٹţҹٹƻҲ˿ķ֮
ǸԺ̻ҲЩСǳֱӸߺ̻ᣬֻ»̶ֳȡԱϾٸڴŵ뷨Ҳֱӵĸܡ
޷ǴǸһʱɲҲԻʩչһЩСֶΣһĹǵģžԲһ̻ǵϣοǷơ뼸˶һۣҶղЦ

ǣֻᡣ
ӣһжļƻĿǰ˳ǻҪٽͬ𣿡ҹ㱨Žս
ʵЩѾû㱨ֻҪ˴֣һȫǹں̻¼顣
ȻһɫĿھۺ̻¼棬ֻҪֹ¼Ϊ֮ǲɢǹӣڸСݣóֱɶӵֶΣͼݺ̻ᣬ¼֮дʶߡ
Һùɢǻ۽𾦣ʶ˸ŲͼĶˣ̻ҲӦڴһ׽ҥߣȡ¼ֶл
ҪˣԼĨԼ飬˾ˣҹЦЦⲽأЩĻ֣֡ڵҥҲʵ̫˵һҪǵٱϵɢǸץˣǻ¼ȥ꣬ǿɾЦˡ
ǷҪ֪ͨСˣ΢΢һЦ
Ǵȥˣʣµľɡҹͷ


694 쳣˵ĵ
￪һҺ¥ոտһ죬ϰɵҴسŵƷ졣
һʱǺ䶯ЩɢǣȻƽʱҲȥ¥Ǵûмʱ˿ѵġ
һȻȲ¼ʱһʱӿȴҪŽˡ
СţϢǼ٣ɢ޴Щš
⻹м٣ҶѾǱ߳һ٣˵ǲ˵ζһġСسš
ѣҲʵ
ȻѣȻǼʯ˰˽Ԫʲôȥִ¥ĲˣСźٺЦš
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˵˼ΪƣľƱǺܹġС˵ֻĿǰƻû˵˵һֻһеƣһ⿪ĵһҷֵء
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ǹˡŮһЦ
ԭӸʯ࣬˵ôƷѣԭǴھȫ׬̲顣ɢȻŭȴǰʯͳȥ
Ůȴסʯǹˣǲ治˼㲻ݺͲݵˣʲôݵģһƶ㡣
㡭ˣ𣿡ɢ޵ɫˡ
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ʦ֣ѾĴ˵ֻҪմߵģ˭С
ǣںɽ̻֮ìܣǽ̻żݣʦΪ̻ϯʦȻ¼ŮЦҲ˳֮꣬Ϊ˱ⱻð䣬Ҳַֻںɽˡ
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ǵǣںɽ󣬸ʦ֮ҲкܶìܣǾƼһʦƵģˣһܴƷһ˿ط򣬡ŮһеطһȻȲϺ̻ǰ˽ԪҩȴҲѰҩﲻЧôľƣôܱ˸أ
ط֮ɢ޲ҲŮһֻΪ㱻ˣȻбȾĶˡ
ط֮Ҳǳһʹǡ
ϰ壬СɣλֻҪǲݵģȥƷһһƣŲøλʧġСȻһЦ
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ڴСŲԼͬһӵ룬Щѵζȣշѵһơ
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С¶Ϊѵı飬㷢ģҲ֪϶ڵˣزƣһҪˣ֪Ҫж˵²ء
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СɻЩԥ֪Ҫξϡ
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ˣҿСŰСɺɫ
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㲻ùˡȴûش
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ҸողѾ˵㾡ȥͺˣҹ˵ֻȣһ⻯ݿԺȣҪݣȴǲܵģĽƣΥԼЩƾԵĶ
ףֻڻݺȾƣݡɢ޾ƹŵ
Ǿɣպڻݣкܶľ¥һҪȵǺ׵ġҹЦ
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İɣһϰ˵ģӽ󣬳¼֮⣬ҩ;һĶݺͲݵˣҹҸո˵ĻҲȻЧ˭ҪЩ˻ȥǵʱֻԼùˡ
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վ̫ƭˣҹмҾʹûħĵ¶Ը㿴
һֿڵħΪ֤ΪⱲٺȾƣҵﾡϡ
˵˳־һſڹ˽ȥ
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λŮ˭Ҳû뵽ҹģҪѾסˣֻǴؿ
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Ҳ֪ħǲܱƭģûССΥһ£˵żΥһ¾ûµ˵ħֻҪ˵ͻЧҹ˵֣ܰ׳յԣҲһЧΪֱԼĵġ
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ʲô©ΪʲôҿСɻ
ֻ˵ԼڵˣȴѱɽˣЦֻԪ̻ᡢ鶼̻أЩһǵĶ֣һݵݣ֤һҪڣкܴܵġ
СҲüͷոΪʲôԣڻѾ˵ȥˣٷòƲðɣ˵һΣԺǰһ˲źá
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Ҳһ©ѵǿԲִȴԽתˣ˴Ͳǵˡ
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ʱ¼У˲ٵʶϾҪɢЩǿ¾Ҫʶˣô֧ŵôɢĵĵ
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أ˼˵Ҫ©ȥãٺúÿһϷ𣿡Сôһ˵⣬ɵ˷
ϷǿţϾ̫Զˣһ£˻һЩĵҩ;̳ӣﲻ֪룬ҲȷǼܺ顣ҹҲЦ

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ĵĹأܶ˶вϰˣߵ¥ĵһ仰ȫħˡ
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Դˣһ¥ûκηӦҾͻֻһҪģܴݡ
ˣ˵Ϣ֮󣬵ҹµֶΣоʣصܵ˻һصһơ
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ߣСǸŮˣҸͲټҿ־ƾͨľƣҹĸıѣһľƷһƣɱҪúһٱط֮Ҳû嵭˵Сɣȴмֲá
һƱֻһУ˵ǾҲֻоƼҵĽһƵóǽһٶһҲôֵ꣬ǿ϶һõϸƷһڵ㲻ò˵־ƣͨɢ˵ҲǼΪѵõˣο滹һ˿ܲط֮
ҹֶεĲܽͨɺط֮ƾһ㣬޴½ҲӦǶһˡȻϲҹǶֶȴΪޡ
Ҳ˵ûģþƣҹÿ춼ž̳ӣһ̳һ̳ǵɡȻĳǲ֪ķֶβǶԷµĵط
˵òȻãҹֶȷʵ𾪣Ҷɢ˵Ƽֱ֮ɫԪѵĵҩԪҲÿ춼Էһԣһȴԣļ۸ͨ˵߳ʮȴûеɢ޳ܲ˵ĳ̶ȣǡǡ෴ǴҶᵽһƵĺôĻɢ޶صظҹˣ¼Ҫ
¼ǴҵսʵΪʵһ˵ԽߣʵҲͻԽߣӳ
¼ģ֮ͬӵеƣԷһȽףǾиҲǰ˵³
⵱Ȼָͨˣҹֱ̬ɫǲڴ۵ġ
ǿֻҵ־Ƶֿܴ֮֮µľˣһͷ𣬺̻ĻΪһ󶼻ɵľްԡҲһ
Ŀʲô취ôһЦȥȥһ¾Сɣһ飬ܴ׳ʲôϢ
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ô˵һƻҪһˣ鶼̻ĴүҲ޲ڣȷֵһЦ
ȻͨǸСɣǱֻԼˡԵ
˵Ͳô鷳ǾƶѣǰֻҪһŪϣȴףαضҪֻҪ룬һжٲ򵽣ȴЦҹͣϾܿÿһ̳ƣѵÿ̳ﶼʶٿ𣿡
˵õǸҲ΢΢ͷħ©ٳܿҲʲô⣬ֻһƵ˲ݣҹҪİ취ˡ
ǱһЦ


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Ȼһ¥ǷҪ˲ſƣֻҪÿνʱһ˵һħģơ
ɢᵽһƵĺôĳ۷ɢޣںһ֮һ˿֮һ̤𵤾ôҶ֮͡
ԲԣһƲܲȣ˻ɢ޵Ĺʶ
⼸ǽ˲ٺͣƲһ̳̳־Ǽ̳ƣֱҪһ¥Ŀ涼Ĺˡ
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֪壬ȴǲϷֻ֣һžˮ
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СʮģǴʱȴδκηԣ˼ĸо
ˣ߰ɣû뵽֮УڶܿɽŵģȻǴǸ󡣡ҹǺһЦûѸղ۵ϡ

ǸǲԶһɽϣԶԶȥɽϵһжȾ˼ֳɫ
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úúãҹȻƻȻ㿴ҵ⣬Ǿ͸ףֻӦʮ겻ڰɲзϣҲһûиŵжԡ͵
ţȥô£ʵʲϻһķգҲұ֤Żʲô̬ȣΪ˰ȫҹ֮䣬߳˴ʯҶ֣ҾȰԼŪ


699 Ů
ԼĻҴǸθɣͳЦϴˢҴǸΡ
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ߣ㵱ΪͿ𣿡Ц
Ҳ֪Ȼ򲻹Ҳֻܳ²ߣұǴǸǻ´Ż᲻ǵ鷳һûаգǿԶһѣҹ̬ɣȫ˵£þûжĹôģҶԼһǴǸǸֵüӡ
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ħƳ磬ħĸŮͷԼǸħͷҹȵ
㡭εط֣ҲԷе
޸ΪˣǶ˵׻ʵڲר˵ҲħӣǵĻһڸ޳һٱҹֽƶ˵ͷӣҲʵûҪҵĻӦɸŮţҪȺĻҪƯŮõġ
һҹ뷽跨ŭԷ𣿿һҪŭˣԷһնɱǲŪɳ׾
ãȻ㲻ϳϣҾͰͻȻ뵽ʲô취ֻ˵ʮ꣬ȴӶһ㹩ʹǲģʮ֮Ϸɱ㡣
һû뵽ôǸȻô
û취ֻðҵļƻǰЩʯɲһЧҹǺЦˣһӦġ
ôѵûпǹĵʵ
һ˵ҾȻŸոշ֣ҪҲˣǾͲˡҹһ£¶Ҳûϵܰ𣿡
Ȼܣ͹ЦòҵһԼϷô׷֣˵˵̻һϵûУôҲ˵ȥħҪ͸ٲþǺ̻Ϊṩ˷㣬֮ħ¼һ͵ΪԺ̻ĻرⷬƵȷǲ
ƵòôˣһЩаĶҹ̵
͹ԹԸҴǻ´ɡҲԷˡ
Ҳֻˡҹ̾ͬʱָͻȻŶߵʯһ㣬˲â
Ҫ㡭͵ŽҲ벻ҹȻЩνʯ
ȻûⶫǵŵϢҲ֪ԷͬСɣҹɱﵵĶʱȴڵһʱ˳
Ҳ˵ҪΣٿ֮ճָ֣צǼʯץȥ
һ֮䣬ΧķƶһӿռеһУǶҪΪһ㡣
䡭
ʯ죬ⱬըȴûܹɢǱε˵Ǳըһ»𻨡
ֻȽˣ֮Ⲣûκε
ۼǷûãҹȴûһʧı飬⵹Щ⡣
ֵһ˲䣬ȴҹЦˡ
תƣ
ҹȳָǰһƿһѷ죬ץźһǵѷԾ˳ȥ
ǰľȻ任ķӦʱԼѾһռȻ֮ǰͥԺЩƣȻͬһط
ԵıʱŵĵطѾٴγˡ
޸ϵˣҹվûҪӵ˼Ҳ֪һ龳ûӵĻᣬ˵˵ɣ㾿Ҫô
ߣȻҪ׿ڳħˣȻһɱ㣡Ϊ˸ոյʧֶߣոհٰӣͻȻʩչͲҪɱһ˲ȫƳǻһС㣬û뵽֮󣬻㵽ڣΪ뿪Ǿʹشˡ
ߣѵҪܷôҹʵǻѾˣҪٸҶһָͷ̾Ա㿴˵ҲǹģȻΪһʯɱҪɱĻһְ취㷢αôԣԭһƭ㣬û뵽ĵǶˡ
ن¡ͱԷ˵һԾûӣɴ̶Ļ
Ǻðɣ˵£ڷҲûˣҳ֣ῴɱǲܵˣʹһ˵˵ʵĿ𣿡ҹʡ
ҳɱ㣬Ȼֹܵɱ˳ֵĻǾͲһˡƺһ£漴һЦҿһѷ졣
ǵѷٿȻһӰѸҹ
һϮɫȹһɴסֻ¶һ˫ǡһϲųѪɫķģȴ㶼ÿֲ˿˿
ֻǵֵʱǹ̬ɾ˸оôˡ
ֶΣҹʲôˣǿʼûп˴Ҳ͵Ϯ֮䣬ƣҿǸո⻹ǵһˣһңţòԼʱ򣬶û¹ġ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪػ㣬㱻һССܣֻ˵ûбػļֵҲ˶ΪҰɣЦ
ȷ˵òǶԵģҹҲòϣԷǲ¶ˣô룬ôܴңֱΣ
ǺǣȴδأԼҲ˵ʱҲû¹Ҳһ㣬ֻԽսѣûʲôܵġò˵һȷĵҹǺĶеˡ
㵽Ҫʲôҹ̫ŶԷҪһ
һɱ㣬ﻹгɰǧͽʾյĿֱһɱΪֹȻҪӣӲġ
ҹͿԶùŵˣ
ʵҲɱģµħˣɱ֮ĸɶ˵ùȥЩƻЦš
޸ôǸùڲƭǽţõԳսǣĹ𣿡Ĳûа֣óŮȻԵҪ˵ҹȴǲ̫ܣ֮仹ž޴ΪأοŲһظɣַʽͼɱҹΪĲ𣿡
ûг֣֤һС͵
Ҳɻ׶˵Ҫҹʮ꣬ΪʲôÿΣյʱȴûгֹ
ˢ
ŮӶһƬ콣⣬âҹе·סöԷ޷ٺһֻܸԼԵС
ɴʱҹȴȻסǱʩ˶һ㣬վԭز


700 Ů
ۿŮӵĽҪնҹϣ룬һ֮˹ȥٽŶԷȥ

ҹбĽȻĿ˺ľıȴӭŮӵĽȥ
ŮҲû뵽ֱʣͻֵĻᣬԥ΢΢һҪȥһ㡣
ҹȻһЦָ繳׷ŮӵĽоץȥ
Ůٴξȣһ⻯㺮ǣص򼸴գûһ̵ܴҹȴƵı仯ȫȻҹãֻҪȥȻᱻϵԪˡ
ȻҪԪ֮ʤùҹԪ̶ȲС
ʵϣ˵ҹԪԵ˫ڽ𵤾֮ԪǿѾʿǿȣҲһԪִܷġ
ꡭ
һĨѪɽҹǸûпԷĽȻץ˹ȥڵԪҲûṩ˿ӻֱԪ͸ƣεѪ䡣
ӡľеҪǰȴҹִֵס
ŮҲǴ󼱣Ҫѽջأȴֽбҹסζβ
㲻ҪѪҲǻ˵ģŮӺݺݵҹһۡ
㲻˵һ벻㡣ҹ̾˿Űѽɿ
ôŮţ㵱Ȼ벻Ůջ齣Ȼ˵ȴ˿æǰԥժɴҹĵ˿ڰȥ
ǰһǰŮӾȻһɫ˵Ѿʶ˺ܾã˼һ¶
ˣҲûҵܼסҹǺһЦ̯˿ۿɼٶţͻȻɫֳ㲻ʥúôţ˭ܵģ֪絽жΣ𣿡
ҪܣҾŮ΢΢ŭɫһ۾ʪСʧ٣ִ뿪ֻʣһǲΣգʲô˼ΣôǴǰһ첻ΣȴǰΣգٻһĻᡭ
ҹ̾һŮҲ̲ס黬䵽ϡ
ˡ˵
ҹŶԷһЦ̯˫ۣðɣҾʹǿӭһ£
ŮһЦܸӵ͸һӵʧʱһå
ӣλǡĿҹסԷζӳ£ϴҲĪСҹòǰŮ˵в
ȵǣ̸ܲ²ŮҲ⣬治֪ҹжòйϵĺ֪
ܰɣҹȻɿõָźĵλǺ̻ĴСġ
֪޴½һŮõһЦȻߵ鲢İˣͬʱҲǵһ̽Ů
ҹһõļ򣺡λҵ׽һŮõ
Сõһۣå
ɣϴȥ׹ðʮΣգȳģֳĽ飬㲻ҹȵ˵
ǰô˵˵ϴȥ׹ְ͵ģȿңپңһҪܸж𣿡õһĿȴЩƮ
ðɣȻλе֪ôȴǸѡҹ򵥵
ЩĽؿ˵ĹϵȻҹ˵ǲ£Ҳ֪˵ĹϵԼҹҪҲȻöࡣ
ҹҲѣȴʼնһЩ粻ȥľ룬ҹǰʱ򣬴ûȻǵľٶ
Ǹղ޸ǡֻںǿЦ𣿡ͻȻ̧ͷеȥ
ȻǿЦˣһֱʸʵĿʲôҹҲ̧ͷȻ龳ʵϴǸֻһ龳ɱңֱ̫ˣõõôӵزһǻ󣿡
͹һЦڿеӰ񻺻ɢһ̣ӰѾҹ˵ǰΪ˱棬ܻҪɱ㣬ԭͿⲻƶѣŮ۹ǲһ֪ƭ㡣
ȿȡҹǺֱԣ𾪵춼ϲ£˵ʲôŮ
ٹ飬ҲҪ˵õ͵ŮǡҲ̫˸ˣ
ô˵ⲻɵҹʵ
õԥһ߹ȥɵʣǸطɲʲôʡ
ҹҲܣһţ͵ͽˡ
ǰоǻڹؼʱΪ̣û뵽ͻȻ룬ұΪӽεĴȺǻᱻɢֵʱͻȻǻ²ûɢȺǻµļ󣬡ͻյ飬һϲҲһһ֮˵壬ԭһ룬Ұ˼Ļڡ
ȥҹһץסõʶѸٵһ飬ȷûܵκ˺һǻ󲻵컻أܵһΪãⷵ龳ǿ߲뵽һڣû˻űѾǲеˡ
Ҳôģõǵû£Ϊڣǵ۷壬ֻǵʱ޴Ԫһʱ˹ȥұΪԵŷԭȻеԡ塣˵ʱֹסϲ
ԡҹ˼һ£ҲǾ͹ֲˣû뵽㾹ȻŵʣԡֻҪ㹻䣬ٶȻȳ˿ʮֹ˵ƿ֮˵֮٣֮˵ʮ֮һû磬һ󡣡
ô𣿡õҲһ£֮ǰ˵ô⣬ҹһ£͸ײˡ
Ƚ˵ȻҲǾŮҹ֮Ρ
ǺֻҲôһѡҹǷ˵ˣ˵˵°ɣʲôʱģȻǴգô˵Ҳ˷춴·
ǰ˺ܶˣǴʱǵңһĽŮӣ˵Ҫ絽磬Ŀǰֻ߷춴һ·춴·ȻͨˣǶĻȴ޷κͨԶȰҵڿʱߣõ֮ǰ飬Ҳȣ˵ȻǴ·ߵģֻ·ҵ㣬Ծһȥ˷춴Ȼ͵
춴ֻ׵߲ſͨģĦ涼룬Ҫʩչ󣬲ͨ춴
õȴͨˣһͨ
ҹȻŵ˵õҲԼһ֮ˣǲζţҲ׵Ĵߣ
һ׹ܸʺʡҹͻȻ˵


701 
˵ҹҪõһ׹Ϊ龳ͲûκαʾԵ˼
ҹűȱ˸̵ӣ˵ģ޴½һʱ޷ķֶ֪꣬εж١
õԣҲ֪常ҲȲҹǰУҹ϶ȥӺõͬʱҲûӵĿˣԶԷ˵õǿ϶ǸӺʵĹ
飬Ȼûκ⣬ҹõս׼ϯֻһ
޸ħ㻹֪ЩʲôϢϯ䣬ҹͻȻʵ֪ҺõʶӦҲȷǲİɣ
Թֶ֮ұ֪飬Ϊʮֿ϶һ˵ʵֶмеĹϵҹ־׼ޱȣ޴½ֵЩҵֶһνľٶȴܳΪʤĹؼЩֶȴֹ󣬲аħΪ
ģô죿ҹʵ
ȻնħȥΣ˼䣬һ£ЦһǶħǿĻڲˣպûлٳ㶯ˣ飬Ҫ޻ϵˣ˼ҲνܣõĹϵһȶ˵
Ҫʵˣȵһһ龳Ҷ֣ǿɾûôõҹЦ
ô㲻Ǻųŵۻӣڷ龳ĶָôЦ
ŵˣ֪ҪҲԶˣҹƲƲ죬˵ŲǸڵǿһɵҪǿ֣߳Ҳֻаһ֮²üǿ治˵ˣŸұ𣬻ʲôã
õҲףһΪɽĺɨ޼ɵء͵ǸӶҹ˼͡
ҵȷ޼ɵǸ޹أҹüëȻʱƤ飬ǷɣûţҶֻ޼ɵӲͷƤ޼ɵĸо޸ǿߣǲ˽ġ
һݺ۸˺鶼̻ģЩɱԪ̻ݹʥ㳤ϵ貨սųϣ˳ŰɽٸԣͺǺЦЩǱΣ
޸޴½ʱ٣˽һĺɱңһҪҵĺֵܶΪ㳤ϸõţ貨С۸˼£ΨһõʦȴҪڳϰɽһֻСΪ¯õ㣬ôҹתͷõȥ
ȻǸƴˣõԥ֮ǰ綼Ѿ£ƴһҲֵ
㿴һ޼ɵҲһΪǶ֪Щ飬ɣ˱ɱɱУ˱սսҲòսҹƽ˵
أһ¼˽ԪطһƣҲǱΣͽʵ
ȷǱΣҹȥһ·˺̻æǣҿܻҲСᣬСҲΪ֮ǰôıΣ޼ɵľٶҲ̻˲ٵ鷳ںɽ֣ټϺ鶼Ԫ̻ᣬһҪѺ̻ѹƵЩȻȫΪһ˵ԭ򣬶Ժ̻֣վеڣҹ£ģȻѰңȻѳԿŵһ죬̻ᣬǵһ̻ᣬȻڡɽ󡢺鶼̻ᡢԪ̻ᣬĻҷҪ䲻ɡ
㲼ô࣬ѵҪԸ᣿ʹЩ
ǺǣҹЦˣ޸ҪԸҲǸ𣿡
ôǸӦú𣿡Ͳÿɷ
ڵȻ£Ϊ̻δᣬ޸ҲѧϡݣѺ̻ϳݣڵݣҲò˶ʱ䣬ͻѧչжģʱ̻ı޴½Ĵˣĸѹţ̻죬ȻҲɲʲô򡣡ҹͷϡ
ƺЩǶԷ˵ĻҹֿۣڣϷǰϣڱϵˣ£ɱȨҴǸϣȡοǸȻںɽûཻ̫飬ҲڽΪλðŸڷķգͦһܻܿڵŹâ̻أ
Ϊ棬ҹӭŶԷĿȥ̹ȻЩ׼Ҫ˵Ļ̻Ὣһƺ¼棬ȫǸǲǺջҪ֪¼һƣǼΪ׬Ǯ
˵ȷǼ׬ǮģӦ˵ڣ˰˽׵Ԫ֮⣬׬ǮĶˣһǲֻ˵ң̻ܽܺᣬȻ㹻ȴӦ硣Ȼں̻ҹĴֱʣȴҡͷŶԷŵĴ𰸡
޸Ȼ̾
£վ˵ģҲǶ극ŻЩһЩȴ֪ǵĵƾڿԸ˵𣿡΢Цʵ
˵ɣһж˼롣ǫ
ҹǺЦʼԼһεķԣʵܼ򵥣֮ԸСһݣΪ˵޸Ϊֱ
ˣΪεش϶ԷԱϷŪϷĻͲҪ˵ˣõ֮Ϸ棬ôҲĳͲȦ˰ɣ
ң˵ʵҹЦţǼ˵޴үֱʵһΪ
޴үһƺǴû˽йأҹĻͱˡ
ЩϷԣúС֮ĽڴǸͳ֮£ݵķȷĴõģٷŵѹɢ޵飬ΪɢҲԶֻ֣࣬ҪûʲôΣ˵޸Ӧö˽³Ƕ֣ҲںɽߵĴֻһ㣬ѡͻƵ㡣ҹλ˵üϿңɼ֮ǰȷǵġ
ⲻҲֻһѡͺеذյ˸ո仰ص㡣
ǵģҸ֮ԳĿҲĿ⣬䡢ԣģţ̻λүʱ޿̲Ҫֳлһƽְ̻һĹͷ飬ԥԥһ£ҹԳһЦΪĸ˵ĿҲͻǽҪһЩ飬Ҳ׵öˡ


702 Сڳ
Ŷ׼ЩʲôҲЩ棬Է˴̣Ȼֻڹע⣬飬ǸҪ
̻Ŀ꣬ǳ֮İ¡ҹ˵
ްݣһ漴˶Է˵ЩʲôҲΪֱʰ̾һ
̻ᣬ۴޴½ݣ֮أȴҺҸ˵ֻ֮İݣŸǵһ̻Ӧ׷£̻Ŀɽ֮еκһӦµɢޣҲֻɢޣ̻ʵĿɽĵʱ˵š
԰Ϊ𲽽ԼĸٳʰΧ֮ϯݣõȴ¶һ˿Ц⣬ҪũΧ𣿡
žɣҲ̻ȥʲô£ֻһԱ֮ѣǴŭ󣬾̻İ°ݣѾһ壬Ҳֻ·һͬģֻһŵĳЩˣΪ˽ԹҪ̻ᣬ֮Ҳôסҹŵ˵
ȷǲףȲ˵󣬱ҲžһҪĳ̻ᣬܿһ뷽跨Эܵõɢ޵ģѾ㹻еһɵˣǴǸһĪںɽԺ̻ᣬģҲˣȲ˵νڴӣж̶ܴڣǺ̻˰ݵĸһ㣬ŷչӴֻڵһҪεľ䣬һõˡ
⻹ֻһѣܲʵ֣δ֪ҹʮǫ飬ǵõ޴үİǾʮþˡ
ȿȡҹϷһ¡ͿԼ
޴ү˵ֻҪܰ쵽ģһ˳ҹ
ͿЦҲûģֻҪԺҴү۶
޸仰̻ҪΪһ̻ᣬѶˡҹ̾ͽƺĵɶûС
̫ҴǸˣ֮ǰǲѾ貨ϵһô֪貨ڿɻǵһθĳһ̻˺ǰһֱ֮佻ף̻Ľ֮٣һİɣҲ˿ĶҹͣȻжõİݼڣò˵ҹӡҲǳ֮á
貨ڵȷ̻ϵһЩã𵽸õģɽٸԣҪϣ貨֮ϵ̻Ҳֻᣬ֮ǰ˵޴½һֱ˵ĴݣݣȻС貨Ҳǿվú̻ĵطǸͺܺʣ˭һֱĸأҹά
ûõֱ˳֣ʲôЩʵҹû׼
ʵҲôһ֮޷ɱǵģһ֮߳ɰܸ龳ͬھҹƽ˭ƽ޿赲ţţûһ龳ǿߣԸһСһչ黹лߵġ
͵۽֮ǰ뵽ģҲֻҹţʵϣҪţǿܶİ취벻ҹ׿˵ܸ龳ͬھ
龳𵤾֮䣬಻Եƣ⻰ҹ˵־úпܡͬɣΪ⻰Ǵҹ˵ԵмֿŶȣҲղá
ҹõ֮ûҲ֮䣬ԻཻҲûʲôܿԡ常ɾҪվˣҹζȣԲж١
ҹһֱڿʲôֱⶼǹƨûһ˵ֵ飬Էһʱ뵽ľͬھ𣿵ʱʲôֱɲŮأУǺˮһûˡ
ȻˣƿǻʱΪʲôû̾ߣʵ
Ϊ֪㲢ҪɱǣɱͲʲôǻ󣬶ӦֱӾͳˣνǻ£Ҳ̽һҵʵҹ˵ɨϯϵʳȻѾʳԼʵθϰ߿һûиı䣬Һųܸ龳ͬھҲܸеķ龳ͬھ֮УĸҲֻһ龳ĸ֣ߵĳţƴŷ龳ǿ߲ҪҲҪ֮صʱǿɾˣȻΪ޸ΪˣϣûиоɱڣȻȻصĵóֻĵҳԾˣȻôһŴơ
Ǻƣõõ
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ðɣϷȷǵ͹ˣħ飬ȴһ㶼ûпţҵ¼طֻѾִˣҪôأȡдطİ׾һʱ˻ҽ
׾Ѿˣ͵ûһɡҹ
ɫ˲ҹһЦֻ˵Цѣõ棬Ȼ޸鵽ô˿ǲʹЩħʿ֣֪ħ޴½Ѿ˶꣬Ŀŵس֣ͷһΰɣ׷ǵʱ򣬻ٴЩô˵ɱ޹ˣܹҪܵͷġ
Ҳܲףħȷ꣬ΪˣÿγֶǼСģֻ֪һΪʲôͻȻħԴ󷢣һˣϣȴҲκ̰ͼĶΨһµǸɵӣҲֻһӰ񣬼ȻӰ㣬ȻҪ޻㣬ħˣ֮䣬òҲûʲôԹȻ˵˼޻𣿡Ͱ˼⡣
ȻҪ˲֪Ҳһϲأҹ˼һ£Ȼ޸ҲֻһӸļһˣСڣ˯ûУɻˣ
ߺָڿϵ˼£ٿһڹ⸡֣Сڼҹʲô˼˯ǣλأͱ㳳ˡǴҵߣ
˵Сߣõֻǳߣ磬ȻǾ֡
˵Ҳʮ־𵤾˵ޣȱȽǣСϵȻֻн𵤾ѹȴһĽǿö࣬⻹ûлεʱ򣬿СһЩҹǴշģ
ȥȥȥҲûбշС߼Ϊŭصֻͣǿ˻ʱѣϾ
ˣģҪһȺħ˵٣Զʤңֻܰæˡҹﰵһա
ʱϣСڽ϶˵Ͼһ壬ֻħˣҪ֪ͻʲôӦ


703 Ĭ
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ʱС϶߲ԫȻǼžһƬ˵﷢ĲҾ֮ΧҪﾭģҲѡƵУ˭Ҳͽ¶ˡ
ȻҶ֪ħģ˿ЩħҲ϶߹ˣǸ˽Χסɱ֮뿪ġ
޴½ǿڣִڵ϶ܵЩӵĻٵѹȴһôħټ
ڿòҪڴǰħʢʱɢѵıѱϾȻӿ̫ܲùܱʱҪǿöࡣ
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ĲˣǺöˡСͻȻڻ˵
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ȻǼпӺ̻Щٴⱻ˿һЩɵ㡣õ
֪ħˣ͸˶ԷҹϸһĨЦ
ֿԡõ˵̫ȴһӶסǰһ˵¼ЩŰ׾Ҳдŵħ¼ķ
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˵㻹׷ٲõ̯̯֣ҹ˵һΪѪأڿ޻ġ
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ǡˣߣҼħǸͲ⣬ʮﶼ˭˵ҲѾˣǲǡС
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ѽѽˣǸҲЩħҳҾͲպڣޣұͲպڣҳҾͲϾһ壡С˵һŤڷУԼٶǰȥ
ϷˣõһЦҹȥСһﻹͦ˼ġ
СڼȻ˵ܸоǿ϶м٣Ҳߡҹ̧õն
̧ͷվһ˺гȻƺһԡո˵ЩҲ뵽ȴ֣ȫ޷õǰ㣬ҹ˺ĵϵһ
ǲҪȥ˵ʲôֻһ仰һ񣬾ͷ·׶Է뷨һ뵽ĶһҲ̾뵽ǳõĺܲĬȴЩ΢΢
ϴĪСҹĹϵҲУõӴ󵨣ڿԳҹСںĿվЩСƢǰõȴǸȫһҹһͷԣȫһƵʵ˼·õĪСҪƯ
һõѾأ֮䣬뵽ǴιʥУǸ欵ŮӣǱҹСǸãЩƺҹ֮谭һһǿ
֮ǰĴԼòɣѾٹע⣬ȻҲ϶ԼһƯˣ²޴½һٲκǰԱ
ڣȴֺΣУһΣʤĲ


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ߣұͺСڽذͷ漴˸Ƿˣҵˣܵҿɲ֣Լɡ
˵ССһŤԻص˿档
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Ǹ۵Ůӣʱû˵ֻ΢΢˵˵ͷϾҪˡ


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ڿڣҪ߶ԷҪİΣԼȥӰɣûаæѾΣ۵ҹҲӲǸ뿴ľ档
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ӲףΪʲôԷԼ֣ƽλӴż֮ģҲΣǰʥŮһԴΪʲô
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˵ˣĻԵһöòο㲻ħҲ޷߳ɽѵҪҲ𣿡ҹҡҡͷңҲôظ
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ûüõֱʱ
ٻ۾ӿ𼸷⣬Щ˺ΪһսУպܸ֮֮Ļ
ҹһ죬֮ĸˣǡ𣿡ٻָЩʵ
ҹ˼һ£ʵɱħħ֪󣬻᲻鷳
ٻҧҧ촽ģҳ֮ǰѾӡⷨĹͨ˸֪˭ɱȥұ˵ǱǸķ龳֣ħűԷΧӦòΪҵġ
ΣգͲҪȥˣҹ˼֣Ҳ⣬õС㶼ʶͺһɡ


707 ֤
ٻȻƣ֪ʲôʱʼҹ
ҹĹϵȴͬİ··˶硣
ĿԭҵĴ𣿡ٻһʵ
νԭ£͵Ǹոʶɣҹãҽҹܸʶ㡣
ٻЩãȻסԷƣҽСٻ
ƽӣ˵仰ͻȻֿӿһͷ˵ҹĻʹ
ιҹſõһۣò˵ɲҪġ
õݺݰ˶ԷһۣʱԲʺǿнԧ죬ҿٻЩӣȷǹúܿܿĵ⣬Ҳڲ֪ɢ˺ֻܶ࣬ʱ
ⷢչ̫ˣŵˣŮأҹٻżæץסᡣ
ٻͻȻ⻰һºЦҲ̾뿪ҹĻ
λǺ̻ĴСģĿǰһ££ƾҵ֣һֵĻᡣҹ˵
ٻźĵͷʾ⡣
λӦѾˣٻŵı㡣ҹĵ
һʱЩתȦԭ֮䣬ôһعϵ
ӭ̻ᣬȻƼˣСһһպҪ̡ȻżıǱŻò
лС㣬ٻ΢΢Ƿתҹϣûǻħֱ뿪ħֳں̻ߣǵ϶֪ұħħҲ϶ɱģһҾͻƾմһУǹ϶Ϊ˰æΪ˸鷳һܻȥһѰҺʵʱٴħ
ħﰲȫ𣿡ηʵȴõ
ħ޴½治࣬ΪλħеҲ޿ɱģڵĿ֮£Ŀǰħ޶ͳһģڲҲȽȶֻҪûɣûʲôΣաٻ˵
ǵģ㲻ǺΣգõһ£ȥǸ󣬸Ϊ㣬ֻҪħҲʲô
ҹҲ͵ͷõǸŮ͸һеֱ֮ˣȥﵹȷǸȥ˵ħȫʢʱڣҲ󣬱Ͼħ޴½Ѿʿˡ
ٻȻĶˣ̻᲻ԱǸǿԵġ
ԥƬ֮ȻܾˣҿԶڴǸһʱѵܶһǸ֪ɱħֱֻǻҹҹԺҪǸһҪľսһҪҪȥ⣬ÿ춼ڴǸһҪȥƽϢ飬һĻᣬʱҪʲôħϢԸ̽
˵Ҫ㣬ħˣΪʲôͻȻݣһ¾Ӧûгְɣҹʵ
ȻûУٻæϣûУеħ޶ûг֣Ȳ˵ڵħ֮УѪΪʽγΪѰҼľżһ·ʮأܴȥɱСǰԼٶ¶˳Ҫ֪ڱĵطãڻݱ¶ݣ϶ܵǸ׷ɱʱɲֵܵģҲ֪˭ɱСΪ·ʱѾ뿪
ô˵ֵĿ϶Щˣõ̷ӦҪħ飬Ƶħȥ
䣿ٻ΢΢ɻ
ͣڼ䣬ѵû˸ǽӴ𣿡ҹʵѪϴֻһڣ͸ڶʹȴðңһòħɱġ
ʲôȻ飿ٻ󾪣ʱȷ˸ħӴħڻָʵԶԺ̻ĵҩһʮָȤͬʱЩ˻˺ܶ¼ħΪֺңԽܶණ
ŶħòõϷʵ
ĦҮžģٻЦһǰȻ޳ɷ龳ҵ˶ɽٵĳ̶ȣϧȴǹܴɣȻʱʵǿķȴǼΪа񣬶ĵ֪ħϸҪħ޵ˣаķʽһע⣬ħһ޴ѣħ˵һ޴ĴаҪָΪ㲻ܣһĹƲϣҵĦҮžҲͳ֮ѡҪֺңڴܽĦҮžٴζɽ٣Ҳϴиա
ˣ˵Щлԣô˵ɱħûйϵǾȫȫļ޻ˣЩˣôǵ٣ҹʵ
Ҳ̫ƺжСģ¶Լݣ˵Ҫħԭ򣬲˴ĶȻħȡһЩħ¼ķħ˵ģĶǷܣ֮ٻһ£һҲһˣſ˳һ⣬£ħˣҲûЩû뵽⾹ȻԸġ
˵˭ûа취֤ģ˿֤жϵĻ޷֤ԷЩ꣬ҵħޣȴ޽⡣
䣬ͷԼ򵥵ô᲻СһЩأҹȴ˿ΪȻǻѾð൱ķգΪǰò˳Ż뵽ҪԼලҲ˱˴ǣƵ˼ɱ飬Ƕ벻СģҲҪǸץһĸ˵ȫˣǵȴٲģִ£ǿ϶ȥ
δطҪˣǲҵ֤û֤ݵĻҲһЩõ̾ҹ˼һЦ
֤ݣҪβ죿Ǳ˿ǸӶǲ𣿡Щʡ
վֻƹ̻⣬ȴûо̫ӵıЩ棬ԶõҹҪöࡣ
ЩͲˣһءҹŵ
ŷô˵ֻҪҹ˵ĻûģڴѾ˽äĿˡ
ҾˣٻЩ˵һϢһ֪̾ͨǵģʱžۡ
һбءҹõ
ٻȻһЦ޴䷨ּҲ֪װʲôطת̧֮䣬Ѿֻʣһ㡣
ðɣȥӺȲʱˡҹΪаЦ


708 ̼ĸо
ݣǸ¥ĸŰս˥ˡ
ͬǣһμЦ⣬ֿʼӵұһԣﶼһλŮ̷
һҹͺ̻ᶼҪ鷳ˣǸ϶׷Źǵġʹع˼ƺ󣬹Ц˵
ǸΪֱ֤ȷ䣬ҹȥ˵ĻᶼûУѾᱻԷˡҲΪ⣬һ⡣
޴½Ѿĵ̣һڣħʹģڵأħĽء
Ҳû뵽һξȻⷢڻݳħʱһ֮ĸ˶ΪڰæҪҹǸ˰
һֶҲõó뻯Ȼ濴ȥûʲô֤ݣһϵе˿ϵһ֮󣬺̻ҹ־ͺ֮ˡ
ǸʲôϢԿʵ
˵ѾҹͺɽһȥҹӦûˣСӣǵѹҲСˣֻһ̻ᣬƾǵʵӲǣҲܽǼ޴½Ҳûĺݺ˵
̻һΣȴؽˣһٱĻлٴؽǺЦţ̻ᣬźŲѰɣ
ҲȫȨ𣿡
ͻȻһǼ˵˵˶һ
ڵǾ¥ż䣬涼˽磬Ҳﳩ̸ܡ
¥ڲʲôЩƵŮӣְҵˣֻǮˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôǵݣ˵ҲţҾ¥ҪˣڲŹǣұҲˡ
Ϊˣ˾֡Ȼͺ谭ش˽ǷҲ֤ԷǵĻȥ
ҹһѾǸ˭ˡ
ҵǵΪˣλҽȥһЩҪҪ̸̸Ͼھ¥ҪӲĻòƲ̫ÿҹ˵
ʹ˸ɫ̴˽ƣֳǼŮ
ҹõŲ˽ȥɨһۣԭλڣǾ͸ˣҲʡһһȥǡ
Ŷҹ𣿲֪µӣǼСʲô飿ųЦ֮ʵ
£ǰ԰һ£ȻҪҼĲܸ԰һЩҹʼ磬ô򵥵ĵٶ벻𣿡
£˵㹴ħ޵Ҫ˲Ŷԣʱ򿴿»֮ذɣҲỤһħġıԷɪıˣݺҧһ⣬ҹһ
ҹûб飬ھ˳ȥɣ俪ˣһţһˣ乫ӣλľ磬ӭˣˣ˵ҹվˡ
ҲȾƵģǵġҹԼ˸λ£õܰվߡ
ǺǣڵȷǺܼҹǸŮ˽ңȾȼǼ顣ĲЦ
һʼͿõŮ˵ɫںģǸո߻ӵЩɫ֪Ҫöٱֻҹĳӣ˭Ҳûаע𣬴Ҳŷ׷׽ĿͶ
һϸŮϣ༸ֺûеӢҲ˵ϱȺĸƯէ˱ľɫŮÿ˶ʮܡ
˿õĵĻüͷһҪ֣ȴҹݺݰôôʲôñġ
ߡõ˸ۡ
һ׽Ϳʼ˵Ǻɱ˵ԼļɣȻʱ̣ɿЩŶôµӣҪ˵ûɱˣõһǧһš
һЩҲ޷үϲһЩġҲõеظġ
һЩζӻǸӡԪҲǸͨƯŮ˶ѣŸоͻȻȵʵҹû߽ɣҪ͸̼ˡ
λǴǸ͸ŮҹЦЦģ˵Щ͸ĶԸȾȼҲԸ̼ĸо֤̼㲻ҪҪġ
ۡ
ĸոպȵһھƣʱϸƮƮӡ
ԭС㣬ʧʧæոնᣬ֪С㡭
ҲޣҽõҡõŶԷ˲˵ӣһʱпǸǲСƵҹһۣһҹĽ㣬ǲǾúܴ̼

ֻ꣬ô̫̼ˣ̼òҪҪģ
Ҳæ֣ԭС㣬
ӱô˵Сû¹ɽҲ֪͸ôһŮ˵Ҳδ̫δ֪˰ɣҹЦ
ɫѿһЩʱǲŷʲô⡣õһվҹߣ죬ҹʱǸڶԷ࣬ȥǶԷŮһ㣬˭ô뵽ǸͷŮ
ҹӦɣץʲô
ҹû˵ֻǿ˶Էһۣǻ˵Ѿ˼ɵ
СȻգôҹĽأҲһ㲻ԡ
常ޣҲôһյŮ𣿡õԼҹʹ˼ѶԷͷȻҲµĵܵܣҵȻ㡣
ɡ㣿ҹѵһϳϷʵؿõ
åõһְҹƵһȥ
м飡
ּͬʱ伸˵
õ͵ŮӦòм٣ǻкܶ෽ʽ֪µ١õԲҹĽ㣬ɵĶ㲻ϡ
˶֮һȵĽ࣡
ôģҹҲ̫һЩҪԴǸԼȴһӹ˴ǸŮѵõӴ򹷲ԣ
ҹ͸Ůǣʲô𣿡侲ƽʵ
ԽƶӣҲûЩһ㣬õʲôɵ֮ġ
Ȼ£һǴ¡ҹƵƵͷǼж
Ŷ֪ҹݣΪʲô£ѾƽǴǸȥ׷޷죬ͼ㲻ҲܸԼЩΪѣ˵ӣӦòΪνŮͰѸħ˽ͨҹŹŶԡ
Ѿ˵ˣΪǵҹȻЦЦλħ˽ͨ飬Ѿ¶ҺСרŵġ


709 
һɺԣҵȶɵӣĳţɼʦ̻壬Ϊӣ乫ӸɽλҲ޴½̻ү˵ĵλݣôħ˽ͨǺҥ֪һġŭɶ˵
ʵֹֻţҹٶİϷֻ֤ûбĺð취ԼЩ˵һɱء
ҥǿ϶Ҫϳͣɹؼǣ˾ûҥҹǺЦ˼
ߣ˵˭ҵҪʲôҪǡҲŭ
ҡõͦذͷǰһߡ
ȿȡ
Сʲô˼һƬУԳɫڡ
С˼˵Ϣõģ֪ҸλĹϵʮҪãԵһʱûи֪ͨ͸ǸͨţأͲ࣬ߣҪϢλ˵ˣԭ򰡣ôжɣ
жƨôģѺܶ˿ͣҲȷյЩȻõĹϵѾģָܶԸҹˣĶðǸħ˽ͨ˵
ô˵ĻȷӦøл㣬伸˵Ҳסû̾͸ҹӵۣǼħ𣬿϶ħ֪СôõϢǷʲôС˵Ĺƻ󣿡
˵ʱ򣬻ʱҹȻû˵˼Ѿ൱ԣСָľҹ
ûʲôСˣ׶ţõ鵭΢΢̧ëӲ˵С˰ɣ
˶һǲ߻Щ鶼ʮأҲûԳ֣˵ʲôš
õҹ˿϶϶̵ģѵʲô©
ﶼתŰٰͷȿˣһЦС˵ЦˣǼ˵ȷǴδνħӴֻ֪Сôۿǵģһʲôᡣ
᣿õı飬ϲŭּóһ鷺ŰɫӫʯͷҲ֪㲻ᣬǴҾһӰɡ
ǿʯͷʱﶼǰΪǿӰʯֵǧͨͨ£᲻ֶġ
ɻŵʱӰʯϹâһһӰӳ
Ӱ֮ĸһΪ⻹Ψһһħޡħ
ֻʱĸҲװȻ֪ħΪ˷ֹб͵ٴӰʯϣǿʲô
ǽһӾͱˣΧħĳħʩչռȴǱ
˭ڸõӰҲӰʯ
Ϊһ˵𣿡ħЦ
ֻҪ˵ҿԲɱ㡣õŵ
ħĬһ£һΪô㣿
õ̷ħģ˵üΪ
ħͷ̻֮۳˵Ļ񣺡⼸Ҽһ棬ԵҩƣһЩ¼һЩħ޵֮
ʱѾǺʪΪĸ˵Ӱĸһ
ʱҲ֪ħܿû뵽ԷܽǱĿһΪ޷Ĳãû뵽ôһ
תͷҹȥʱԷҲڽζؿӰĿϷʡ
ӰһΣõת뿪ܺãҲٲ顣
ǽţһȦǸϾͰħѪҷɡ
˵ɱңħߵسõš
ûɱ㣬Ǳɱ㰡õ޹ؽ͡
ħ޹ıȻըˡ
˽סõŤͷȥλŮų͵ŮֱƣôһôڵŮ
ȵȣַôŸĳЩ񣿿ⲻҹǸһǹȻһȣһȻͦġ
âӰʯҲָ֮ǰӡ
λôǲǺܾҹЦʡ
ߣ֪һħޣſھҪǣôף߷ߵС㣬򲻿ħͷ֮ǡ
˵Ҳǣҹʮͬõ˵Ļᣬ˵ħ޺ܲ򵥣ǰѾʱֵ޴½Ҳ֪˵Ļ᲻
ٴҲһħޣħ޵ĻҲ
˵̫ˣҹǱԼ
ҹ˴ҪӰʯ͸ǣҲһ£ûôԽϾԼҲһЩ˸ҹ̸оͺá
ͣǣҾ֪ͨһ£ҹְӰʯùǸҲܻ⣬ʯͷѾ̻ˣ˵ҪһЩóȥҿݶԼλ̫ãҪһȥ϶Ӱ켸λðŸĺͺ˷Σգ˾ţ֮ƴŰⶫôһ˵ҾͷˣͻȥǸƣʲô˵ģһССħ˵Ļô˭˭ɵ
Сæ
ҪҲͬʱ
ԶüͷҹʲôˡôģҲû뵽ⶫȻթˡ
ɻ˵ǻǺһУǱϽеٺݣﶼޱȼɵġ
ĺˣ᳤ֱ̻ĶӣҪ᳤֪ɶֻһӣټ̻ᣬ˭̳У̳ж٣ɶδ֪֮
ȻĿǰϣõ̻̳Ȩģǳ˸ħ޹飬ֻӰʯЩӰҲ޴½޴ķ졣
Ҫ֪ħǰѾڵĺܶǶӡ̵ģħȻɽʧܣֻʣ˻ΪҲܸıһħʵ˵ĻȻ൱ġ
仰ܾܿǼ̳ټƲĿԣҲĲ
͸˵ˣֻĴӶѣ飬ʲôӲ룬֮ԺҪ֮λȻһ۵㡣
˭һħȾ˵ǻ᲻˻ɣԺŶҪħˣ
ӰСԣԽǿƣɽǼʽţиʱκҪ⡣
ӰСûӰ죬ΪٸҲȫûѹģ̻һҲԽΨһĶӣȻԽڴ£ԾԿɽ󣬵ִԽ᲻ᳵ˧ǾͲ˵ˡ
᲻ִһ»˵ϾôҪѹƣȴǿԿ϶ֻҪǲͷ¶ȷһԼ϶Ļִ
ΪʲôҲ˭һ޴½ļ£ٲȻѾڵһˡ


710 ƨ
˲˵УŮ˲˵Ҫô˵ȫˣҹǺЦŵ
åõûЦæһ䡣
λƺǲú̻ⶫҹҲû⣬ѯλ֡
˵ɫѿв
Լͷһλڿ϶Ӱʯȫ¶ǡ
ף԰ӰʯǮǧĶôģ
ֻһ飬Ǽ飬ķΧ㲻ܶ㣬ֻҪЩЩֶΣЩŪ
ŶˣҹһӣʲôһǵӰʯ⣬״ǰɣ㲻õģһȫ֮ǰѾ⣬ں̻ʦǣӰʯأôǲǺ˷ܣֽһµҵȵ㰡
˷ã
˺޲ܰǰˣһƺƤٺݺݳ߼ţѹϼʮɽһӶ
̫޳ˣһһյ֮ǰ˵ʲôΪ˲úİⶫȥܵݣֻΪ֪ͨһϢһתۣ˵֮ǰ̻ڴӰʯôҲΪǺ
ҵȵë߰ʲôϵ
㿴Ѿ˵ˣҹż˳Ĭתͷõλ޴½һľӢһֿԸıһʱչ¼̾͸˵ò֪˵ʲôˡ
õƲƲ죬ǼһҲͦģˣ˭Щû¾ҪҹأҹǴڣģӽʦүԿˡ
ҹҲһ벻뿴ͻȻԼҲһŵţʱٲҪȵʲôʱ
룬ҹֱӾ;ܾˣرˣԼĶ붼ȥ룬˵ǿˣ㻹ԼŰɡ
ȿȡͲѪˣȶһ˵ҾãҪ㿴һ²źá
˵ӻȡһ׾֪ʲôħ֮ħһ¼ҩһƵһЩ˵ⷽ׾ȥʲô
ȥҹʧɫ
˿ϲľֱˡ
ˬ̫ôˬˣô죬ڿԱѩޣҹڽˡ
ԣȵȵȵȣСﻹǵİѱأҪ취ǶҪУȻɾܾˡ
ҹҾô¿Ժƽ׾ԼЩȨæʼ̸С
ֻ˵̫ˣȻĸħһȣȻ͸ôҪĶǴ̻ܺᣬɷѿİҹɫص˵ұΪ¸ûйϵǿħ׿˵ҲôţҲףңˣ
õһЦ
ˣҲѪĳ嶯
ҹ˵ãԼ׽ֿһ㣬ôˣı˵ʱôû˵
ҹл˵ҶǴˣ׾Ժ̻᲻еĶҲЩССӰ죬ҽԵõҪĶΣ俪ڵ
ðҹҲʹشӦˣ˳ְӰʯ˹ȥ
Ҳû뵽ô˳ԥһ£ȷһӰʯûŽǿдھİ׾˹ȥ
֮һѽӰʯ÷飬ְţ׾дǧǧҹһɵҡ
ȵȣ׾ȷǿдǧǧӰʯأոһʱûתҹѾ˵ӰʯѾƳµķԴǲζţ˵ף
ӰӰʯ㻹𣿡ͬʱ뵽⣬֮ڷʡ
акö࣬ǲҲ򣿡ҹ˵һȻóһӰʯЩ涼УҪĿ飬̻Զ״ֻ벻û
ۡ
Ȼˣ֪Сûôô򷢣
ˣʽ̸һ½װɣҶóϾй¶ȥֻܾˣͺ̻ᣬǸ󣬶ûκκôԡ䳹׷ҪҹĴ㣬Է̫壬ܱԼһŲġ
ôȥʮΣգһûȺãܾܿͱһͷ
ţô˵׼Ҫ߼ۣеӰʯҹʵ
ϣǴӴ֮Ҳ뿴йħֵһӰ֡ǿһ£ɲϷʯǲ˷ʱ䡣
ðɣҲǲ̸ģͣҹò̰΢Цţֱ˵ɣǴ۶٣ҿʵĻҲǡ
ۣĺһҹǣ׾дĶǻ޴½޴ģ̻Ҳ޴½ʧ
ڿЦɣ٣ҹɫǰ׾ĶǴħᣬдҵģΪⶫ̸𣿡
Ҿÿԡʮֿ϶ĿҲ͸ǿӲ
ҹȻЩڣ˲̫ţҶùβһȰպǳΪѣٻԸƾ½֣ھִֽĻʲôôأ
αһݼٵھҪЮңһЭԵĻ¼䲻֪жҪЮҵİ취ˡҹм˵
αΣҲҪⶫǴĶģЦ׿֤ʵⶫϼ񵽣֤ħ޹֤֮һΪжɢޣῴóⶫα˵ȷǳħ֣֮ʱ¼߳˶Ϊħͷ㻹֮𣿡
ţ壬ǣûиħ޹Ȼκα֤ݣǣӰʯϵĶǧȷҪҲǲܵġҹ̬Ⱥ
ҹ㲢ôظˣӰʯȷ˲ҲֻӰ죬ƾ㶫϶ħޣħҲÿ׾صĶǺ̻ûȵģһǴҶû˽ӴĶƫƫʱһħ޵֮Ϊû𣿡
ν壬ǣˣֻҪʵʱ䣬²ô㹻֤ݣҲһܰΪ׵ˣ֤ǲ㸶˴ĴֻۣܻһӰ죬Ϊֵ𣿡ֱָҪĸϢ֮ȫ˵ӰʯϢȫţʱֻһ˵ùѡ
˵ˣǸħˣȴ޷֤ǣ㼴ûиħҲȻ޷Ʋãǹƨ˵
ԭˣҹ̾˿תͷõ㶼˰ɣ¶Ҫ֤
ȥֱˣ


711 թ
Ȼˣһ常ԭⲻظȥõЦ
õһֱûʲôڸУͺҹСһ㣬ԴҺ׾Ͱˡ
˭ҲܷϣǸŮݣǾԲݺӵġ棬֤ʵոԼЩˣƴҪõҹӰʯһ㣬ܶ
µǣĸոǼ仰Ѿǹħޣͼݺҹʵ˵ˡ
һʱ䣬ĸ˴ͷͷͷĥ̡
С㣬ǸոտʲôҲû˵ĲǶ˼һʱʤ˵ĻǴɲõ档ѸٵŶԲߣͷ϶ϸܵĺ飬ǿ粵
Ҳ˶Է뷨Ϊ֮ƣֻǷ˵ϵˡ
õȻ͵ŮҲΪ˵һ仰ȫź̻˶ħްɣ
ҹּǲҪˣ˭ֵ֤ܹ˼һ𣿿СԸһ·Ȼ˵ǵĺû͸Ҳйۣһ£Ž˵ǻú̸̸ǵĽװɣ顣
˵öԣҪ֤ĸħ治һ׵飬ƾСһ仰ȷǲУأҹıͻȻͳһӰʯѽ谡¼ˣˡ
˴۵Сۣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôȴֲ롣
ѽ谡һͺÿ¡
ҶƵӰʯոջǵһθ¼أǷģոմ˵ÿһ俶Ļÿһ˧ı飬ÿһĶӰʯԶûдҹǿӰʯһһ㣬ôҪھһ¸λӢ𣿡
伸˵ݶڿ죬ȴûһ˶֡
ôۣ˭᲻ҹԲǸɵӣһֻǧ򻯵˭ֻҪһ㲻Сģ̾ͻᱻ˿ӣһٶʮСˣ޿ײ굽ıݺһȭ
ոҹõʱǶԼˣʱǲŷ֣ʱ򻹲Ǳڲıˡ
СӴһʼǹģǰЩ˵Ӱʯ¼ĶȻҲӰ죬ǼɵԵĳ̶ȡ
һжˣ׿Щ֮ǰһΣֱ֤֤ȫȫ죬ⶼ죬Ҳʲôý͵ˡ
ҹôЩɳơ
˿̵ѾЩҪˣݣǼɵŰţĿ̾ͳȥҹɱˡ
ҲôͿλԸⲻԸˣҹüëǼλϵĻЩһҲᱻ˿ȻҲǿƵģλǿֻҪԼıȥͺˡ
ģĸ˶ţҪűĻǿ϶һʱҹڵϣһһڰҹйˡ
ô˵ֻҪǲٸΪѣԶҲЩóʵ
֮ǰͬһҪ·ˣǿɾҪӰ쵽Եĵλˡ
ԽǿƣҲðѾԵħޱǩϲĶӵ
ô˵ɣҲ֪ǻٸΪ𣿡ҹָףĵʵ
ᡭĸ˶ɳɤӵ
Ƕ̫⣬ģҹҡͷ̾ϢҴԶ飬ֵذѹǾȻ̬ȣʵĲţѵ
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Ѿ²ˣֻٴα̬ǾٸΪѣһӰһҪٵ
Ҳϲô˵һٵˣǻôڵأǼ˵ǻسŵľӡҹȻ൱
ֱ˵Ҫ㣬ŶûУԸƴƣҲڲġԼ
˵Һ£ҹæ˼ǿҪˣܻܿȴδػƣУǼҲδؾͻΪЩӰܵʲôʵԵ𻵣ˣҲһʲôĴѣαطҪأ
ޱȵۣҹʵ޳ܵһĵزЩ᲻֪Լ˵ôо˺ޡ
ƫƫ㻹òţΪ˵ĻеЩȻᶥǷۣɻᵽĵزúôĻҲðһɢķȥģǵǰ;ǹģ˭ҹĲ𰡡
Ӳ񻰣еŴʦ֣еٸܿܶҪŵģȵǸʱʰң͸һֻһλ̻үҲǸµǼ̳˲Ʋ֮ȻһܴңʯңҲҳ龳ƴɱҰ֮±·򣬴ҲҪ⿴ǰһҪ룬һʱպǻбĻᣬҪ嶯ˣǿ̻ħǶûкôҹȰοš
ԶЦﻹһҵȰ˵£ȻҲ
ˣλóʯƽϢ鰡˵Ŷ˰ɣǶдֽϣһͳһңǾͰ̻ĹҹЦ
ˣһһپ٣㲻Ҫٷֲǡ˵
İӣ֪ΪġҹһѶԷ˵õɫһ졣
Ȼųڴʦ֣ܵõʯȴǼ٣ȨϱȲٸԣʯҲ̻үûȣȻͷСȻһ
ĸһ֮󣬸ֽд֣һ𽻸ҹ
ҹҲ־͵ݸõҿǶд˶٣ѧá
õŰۣȴҲԴ򿪣ʮ򡭡ʮ򡭡ʮ򡭡һһʯ
ҹͷְֽУλ̻үִ󷽣ٸȻųʮʯҲʮǵӶͦ
ҹȻ̻ˣǵλȴȲúģܶ鲢ȫԼܵʯҲ޵ģʮʯѾÿ˳ܵļˡƽ˵
ţף˵ǵҲùҹ̾˿ҲܰƣǾĸһǧʯ¶Ҳˡ
šţ
һǧûиĸȫһӦ
ȻǸˣұҪóһҲֲ׵ģԾٱһЩôǲǺܳԾһôãΪⲻģʵǴǰֻǱ׶ԻˣҴǺġҹַ޳ܾ񣬰Լš
һǧ򡭡òǰǶȥҲòҧݵ
аɣǺܴ󷽵ģ˰򣬲ˣ̸ףԸһʯ׬ҹͷ֪ӰʯҪˣһǧܴסģһҵ漣


712 Ʈ
˰Ҳܣͬҧǰеʯ㣬Լһ鶼Ҳܴչôࡣ
Ȼһᣬпܾͻ׬ϼǧʯǶǸ˿װڴģҲ춼ᣬҪȻ̻޵ˣ
ðɣ˭ôһȥһ߰˭ٻҸ˭ҹ۵
ǵȷòô࣬ԻӦʯҪһ˵ǰ˵ԼԼ¶˳ȥ
ͻȻ뵽һ㣬ǳʯ֮ôܱ֤㲻й¶ܣ
ֻҵƷͦˡҹ˵
仰ԸԳغ䵹һƬƷҹ
ˣѾ߰ǵ״ӦӦҹڱʡ
ûôࡣѾ
Ǿ֪еģҹգգ۾Ǽ˵ʯһӦҪͷţǵͷҾͲҪˣϾǵݣҪϵǮģȻô׬ĳأ
㡭˶һŭ
ǷŭЩ־壬ǵʯȷ֮࣬ǸոԴ˴͸¶ģΪʲôҹ֪
ôԸ⸶ǵҪܻʲôȻ٣Ǹǵǰ;ţһë㲻ϣǧΪһССʯͳ嶯Ķħҹҡһ䣬Ȱʦ
˳̾һոջƴһŭֱĿˮûˡ
Ͷˣµİ򣬿Էڸҡҹֲ
ȥ
嶯ħ

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ʵϣĸ˶Ǻ۾ģͷһα˰ʯĿŵ⣬һֵˡ
ڸ˵Ĵ֮Ǳ˵һ㣬ó嶯ŭ
ղŵ⣿װİʯƾλò˼¾ܸˣһǵġҹȵʱ䳤һҲû£˺ܺ˵
˵ô֤й¶ȥ˶ȫֻҪҹ˵һ仰̻ȥһ
˵ƷƷǾŲҲ
Ҳ˵ʲôħģҲ㷢ħġѾħϳԹοˡ
ûа취Ǳ֤ǾԻ鱩¶֮ʱȰ汳ġҲ
λôţҿңһҹʾ۾ˣƵ˵ȥҲûʲôôû˴ʦ֣ٳһʦ֣ɽһٸ̾һٸϣ̻ãˣи̻̣Ƭ½εȹһܿƵ˵ģɰɣǲõһӰʯй¶ȥǳˣҵʯ˭Ҫȥ෴ǻţҵĺôأ˵ǰɣ
ڷһЩô˵ҲЩ
ҹϢй¶ȥȷǻˣֻµĶֽǵλãź̻ᣬҲ˸ҹ˵ʲô£˵ûʲôôֻлѡ
ĸѱԴԴϵشȡôʵ󻯡
ףﲻԣ
Բۣ󣬻ǱСӸˣ
ȻʱҹõѾڵһڡ֮󣬴Ӿ¥İ֮ʧˡ
棬ݺݳһƣǲ취ҹһֹթǣ
ʵ̫ƻ̫ˣȻƭϵû¼Ӱ޳֮
λòҪħݺҹġһ
˶ʱˣⳡİ㣬ȻҹһӰʯ⣬˳ŰԼЩʯ
찡Ϊʲôˣ

뿪˾¥ҹõûмŴȥе·ϡ
ݣʧɢĵطҹƺҪĳĽͷڶһ㡣
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ͻȻһ𣬴ӻͳһٿһӰֳĪС
壬ûңҰɣҺʦ˺öŶһرϹżҪҪĪСͻȻ۾һɣΪʲô߶һŮ̫ˣȻ͵͵ұŮˣײ԰ô죿
СħŮ𣿡õյĻ飬ȻҲһϲ
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õһ§סҹĸ첲ǿɲһŶ˵ټʱѾԵͷʣˡ
вУҪԵĻҲһԣðɣǿͬҲԼǣΪСáĪСԴЩȴֽ˵
ι˵ûº˵𣿡ҹεش˵ļ˵˵ʲô˼ǺϵϹż
ϹżͷȷˣҲкܶǿͷĶͱͿˣǱֻһ޹ҪϹ˶ֵطû̫ļֵǷŵ׽ЩѧҿЩֵͲ˸Ȥġ
ǰʦ˵ӦһϢرϢϴаĵطҲһأĪС֣ص˵
ŶǵȷҪȥһµģҹǰҲһӶ࣬ϴаûнҲѹˣҵһּķȻǺ£ĶҺɲܿȥ
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ʯݣţһСݣݵ򣬡ĪСԼλãʯݣһʯɽһͿ֪ˣʦӦǸλãʯɽҪ죬Ѿкܶ˸ˣʱ϶һսء
ô֪ǿҲҪץʱˣ˭ȥˣҹʵ
Ŀǰûз֣ʯֻһСݣĿǰĶǱСţڵ˿϶֮һˣţϢ϶ҲϹϾⲻŵĵ̣˭ʸһšĪСʦĻ
ţ֪ˣһᾡϵҹͷ
ĪСӰŸոɢҹִһȴǺĴŹ
ݵ黹˳𣿡ʵ
ĿǰˣӦòٹȻ̻Ϊˣǲ鲻֤ݣʱҲһ£޵޵ҹЦ㲻ֻɣʯϹż𣿡
ԭѾ֪һһϢĵ͸һ˵иƮӣ⡣


713 Ʒ
˵ʲôһ˲䣬ҹԼǻˡ
ʯݣһϵƮ壬ѾΪɣڵǰʯɽʱһӣ⣬˴Ӧһδ߳ĿǰûиϢû¼˵ӣȷ⣬ǲӵӣԡСĵسţ¸ҹ̫ϣֲַ
֪ˣһϾȥʯɽԼģҹ˵ĩ˻лˡ
ӿиȥʯݣ㲻ԶҲ͵ĵ
ҲҪҹʵ
ţ˴ϹżͬСɣֻǸոյϢѾ˰ÿǧһֵżϵһ𣬼֮ʯݣ϶ŹᡣĵżƾԵҲҪ̻ᣬȥһԵ
ðɣˣǼ˵ҹ˵ţɢӰ
ҿЩż֮󣬾ͰˡõЩ
ˣڲ˵ʲôֻȥǲ⡣ҹּ䣬㳯Ŵȥ
ȻǶԷУݵĵɲһùҲǴһЩ
ʱûгʲô˵ͻ״Ĵ󻵵ˣõ󣬶Է᲻һŭֱ֮ӷɹȥ
Ըûгþʵˣʯݺ󣬱ûʲô󣬿԰ֱ͵ʯɽˣֻܿԼ߹ȥ
ʯݱȽСʯɽڵķҲԶֻһʱϵˡ
ΪĪСĸӦһ֮ҵľĽĪСһʦͽ
壬ߣЩҪˣĪСҹ֮ʮ˷ܵػ֣ͲҪӭˡ
ǰŵգʮֲЭ˶ǶķĿ
ʲôˣҹõߵǰ֮ҲһסǰۼˣɱûҪࡣ
ΪһϹżʦ˵ܿƾԵõǧżԭΪԲôˣżͻȻֵ֮޴½ˣ˶ܵҿʯɽСô˶ʢءĪС⻰ҲţΪǰЩˣȷǰеĿյضռˣǶסɽڴ
ôҪһڱػûг֣Ѿʼж𣿡õʵ
ףɲˣҺ㰡ĪСʱŷõȥ˸ӵȻС˵һѴ˰ɣ
ޡõͷ̫ˣҿɳԲ¡
ףô֪Ĺͷǳģѵǿ·ŹУҲҪһ¡ĪСߵصΪʲôÿζں棬ƽ
СˣĽֻôССƢԼ͵޴½һϹżǳ棬ÿǧһ֣ҳֵӴ䣬ϹżȫƾԵõʿֻдԵߣŻлУ˵ֻҪؿ飬ܵõϹΪŻۼôΪ˵ԽڴԽ׵õԵԶˣĻᶼûУԴҶȡܸǰһ
ҹףֲôţԭҪͨλð
ûд˵żʲôҹʡ
ûУΪû˾ؿ飬Ҳֻ˵ڶأ棬ȫûйڵؿʲôļءĽش
Ȼˣô֤أ˵Ƶعؿֻ֮ĸ֣ϲأһΣô죿ҹЦ
ǰ˸֣ôĪС
ĽҲһЦ޴ӵ֪ˣȻƹӦģļ˵ż֮ͨ飬ֻҪûдȥƻĲãͨûκΣյģ뵽żģųɾŵ˶߳ԭ˶һЩҲͲˡ
ҹڳףԭûʲôΣԣƾĻνĻԵһνʵɴСԵòôҪСžͻ룬ûȥһֲԿһ˹ʺˣǸлԵľԼǲ׬ˣ
ʥΣԵϹż˶ߣο׬Ȼ˭Ҫǰһˡ
ʲôƾԵûʵˣǰ涼ռʵǺرԵ𣿡õԹ
ȻǵģʵҲ֤һ;ŲĻԵҲɾ˵ʵˣԵֲǵʵԾ鱾͸Ӳɲ¶ȣҴҲֻԽԽܽ˵ȴû˭֪ǲǻˣΪЩվſڵˣҲᱻ͸ΪˡĽ͵
Сûп⣿ҹûЩֱĵ⡣
㣿ô֪ģĪСҲһ¡
ĸ˵һΪƮţһӣͽ⣬֪Ǹǲǡҹ
кöˣôҵأĪСǰɽ˺ҲЩͷ
˵۾Ͼǵԣһӷֱôණһһ˲ҵǾͳˡ
ȻףҰɡҹ̧ͷ˿ա
ŶˣҪһɳ죬һ˶ԲԣĪСֵţڵĻһҵġ
ۣ˧
ҹûһɳ죬һˣͻȻ˾ѭЩ˵ĿȥֻԶһȺʿ
ȻĳŵĵӣƣҲһ㣬Ϊ׵һ˸ݣݷǷһƬŮ޻սģˡ
ǽ뽣࣬ڵĴӣΪѾﵽ񾳣˵һ׽Ͻ뽣ڣһЩ񾳳϶Ķ֣ųǵ޴½һǿߡĽ忴һˣϳԷ
ʵӣδʶˣֻ˵Ľ뽣ȴʮϵġ
ǿ֮һѾˣһ֪ôõЩڴ
ôһֱǸúƽˡҹ
ðɣֻ鷳СõЩɨ˵
˵뿴ǿ߱ҹ᲻ٴδ漣ϾǷӣҹб¶Կ񾳣ҲԲɣοҹĴѾˣٸڽʵڲһǵѡ
ţһҲҵע⣬һƷۡ
ɽһǿ˵ķص˸࣬ٶҲǷɽܱȵģ۵ƷʣǻҲ𻵡
ֻⶫһĵʯͺˮһûˣܿһģǴֱʵš


714 ˴η
Ǽ貨ڵˣ
ƷеϿյʱ򻺻ͣ£һ˴ӷ漴޴Ʒ۱ʧˡ
һƷۣھС
ϹңŶһңԲۣЩְôôƷۣǴţѵͲ˷ʯ𣿡
֪ˣݵ貨ڣԴٳǶ£ڡǸɽôûأ
Ҳǣ貨ڶõóôʯοء
ʱھԵЩˣǾȻ̤ŷɽģôɣ
ڵˣرˣ˧ҹǺǵ۵
Ҳһ飬ֻλһЩĽҲЩʧЦ
ˣųôǿŵĵӣĹõǿҵС
ˡ
ռһ󲨶ȴǿԶһƷʻ֮ǰķҷԵСһЩôͬʱȴԵñ֮ʮ㡣
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Ѿȫˣ˭ôʵ԰Լķۣ
ҷȻڿȴҲһЩ΢ĸо
󣬵ϣȴԵøӸ߹һЩȻ㲻ǴȴҲ˼ֱζ
˭ǹģ֮ʧ
ܶ˶⣬ôȻߣɹ˹ȥ
ʦֿ֪˭ɽΪһʵ
һûмǰ޼ɵչʾԼʵòҪʾšдȴִʮֵţƺֳֻܱڲͬ
ಡ
ӰȴֱɽٸԣڵĴʦ䣬Լ̻Ĺġ
ھ¥ﱻҹթһ֮漴͸յϢ
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貨Ȼǵһ洫ģǴǸһŮӣҲׯȹ䣬͸˼ֳ֮⣬üĿ֮䣬мֺõƵӢ֮
ʦ㣡õŮ̳֮齣Ծ
·˾һԭǺųµڶĴǸʦ㡪ֲôǸ졣ֻ֮ǰֻܶǴ˵òڵһŮģȴܼǱ۸ˡ
ʦãȻʦ˵ֻҪߣܿˣȻûдģĿתܿһۣλһأû߱𣿡
ڵģֻһϲ֣ԾͶˡõ͵
Ǿͺã⻰ҲǧżأһʦûǸҵߣʦõĻԵ˵յõż֮е
ţðɡõһ£Ӧ
Ҫҹһģҹ϶ҪѰ⣬һ𣬲ûʲôôжҵĻᷴһЩ
ʦãλǴǸյСʦ𣿿Щڿõ۾һ˿ȡ
Ѿ˾޵ŮǰʦãȻҪʤһҪͺһϸ
˵仰䡢Ե˶ǵȻʶõǸոոҹһթǵλŮڵǺǲǴǸ͵Ů
ȷǸյǸ󣬲ȴʦյŮõ֮Умְ֮⣬ʦȻΪͣԵȴ˫ҲżΪĻԵġ
ǰ̾һŮҴĿпϼһŮǿصúܣŮĻ϶ǶԷ˽Ů
ô˵ҹŮ˵Ĺϵͬһ㣬϶һɽԺҪʱ򣬲ǹܲܰҹһҪű𱻴ǸʲôȻҲͬһ
ҵÿˣлżΪԼɣĵЩ䵭
ûȥ磬һЦǧʱ䣬żӦûЩʱ䣬ݼʦ˵ʱӦû֣Һʦòȥλʦʲôҷʤ㵱ǴǸһɡ
Ȼ˲࣬ӦҲˣ˵żŻĸλö֪˭֪˭ǰأһȺЩСţɵԼȥְɡʮŵ˵ŬλŮǰչԼ
һϷŵľˣʱһ˼ûУ˵ˣõҹŮˣԷôһѱأõЩֻˣﻹȥչʲô˰
˵ҲеһȴżɣЩˣô㣬ǰģʡЩż֮ʹáԽӿ˵
ֻ֪һƷ棬ĸŵĵӣȥƺûʹҴк˼ءͻȻתͷһƷȥ
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ʱҷͻȻ˶Ѿ̶һڿУ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ȼǰ
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˭֪̻ĺ죬һֱºǫõ󣬴û˸ߵѵǺҪı
ԭǺС㣬ȻˣҲһȴɡĶŵ
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˸ζһ£Ѿ˹ԣֻҪ֣Щڡ
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һޱȺİ̧ΣλƣȥһŮĽӣҲˣֳ֪һ˴ƵŮӡ
ǰ˸̧ӵˣԳ˽ݵĲ֮ΪǾȻǰ˸𵤾
˴𵤾η̧Žеһ·̤ƺǱ콣磬ҲӸ߹ࡣ
ǰ֮󣬽Ҳû¶棬ֻǾͣڿУƺûи˴к˼
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϶Ǽ򵥵ȻҲˡ
ǿ϶ˣûҲҪǿ𣿵ʵ벻¼䣬˭ĸʸ󶼲ͷġ


715 Ŀˮ
ŵ˿ԷƣҲ˺ĺʹǸļˣûдʲô֮⣬˷׷׶Ҫˡ
Ȼа˴𵤾̧Σ˿϶൱򵥣ʵ벻ף¼֮⣬˭ţ̶ֳȣȻҲûз
λĸŵˣ֪ǧżӦصĹأȿڵ
䡢ԣԼҲȥǰλȻոܹۣǵҲֻҹǰ˿ڱ˵ǰԽС
ʱǰληƺҪӽȻûлش˼
ڶ˼Ϣ֮Ϊ׵һˣǴӿڴͳһ˻˻Ρ

˾гŲ˼顣
һֱ
Ǹ޴½бŸҽ𣿡
û˻شΪȷû˸ҡ
ƽһֱ˵Ķ󣬵˭ǣǸĻһҪһ֣ν
жȴǶһݵġ
ǰ޴½ĵλȻ֪Բԣȴû
Ϊһû޴ӵԼĵֻ̣һССݣ޴½ģҲ˹ݣΪǾһǳĵط֮ϣΪ޴½졣
߸ϣȴһߵĴڣ׼ȷ˵һصڡ
ǾǿߣҲ֪ʲôʱʼƺǴһֱǴ޴½һУҲκʲôֻһݡ
ÿŶţҲչӡ˵ҲչӣֻǺ٣Щԭһ˵ɢޣ֪٣ǽǱˣ˭Ҳ֪Ϣ׼ȷԡ
һֱûͼȥϣΪҶ֪󶼲ȥĴڣһСţ̤ܵʯȥȵĴڡ
Ƴ֣һģɰ˸𵤽η̧ŮӣҪźֻֻǧżĻԵ
ʧˣڿǿ֮ҲſĽ˹˹֡
䡢ԵȻû˵Ҳ׷Ž𵤽΢΢
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ಡ
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ƮڲڣٲҾҪɱƮ壬ʱҲˡҹŴֶͨΣڼŭߵҡ
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ҹЩʧֻһżȻȻ䣬һ˫۾ʱĳըһ㣬ֻʣһ˫۾
΢Ų֮һӿҹ㳯˫۾ȥ
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µʲôˣΪʲôҪƮΪУո˵ϸҲæǰ̽һûд󰭣˿ƮһҪƣƮ岻óҲ裬ϸԸһս
⣡ҹûн˵Ļ磬湴ضʦֱŮӡ
Ůһ˫ˮ۾࣬ȴͨ˼㣬Ī˵ĺõŮһͨŮʿƺҪƯࡣ
ŮݱҹĻЩɻüͷô֪ҵ֣ԸжԹңҪɱҲ𣿡
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Ǵȴ˿Ŀ⣬һѱҹѣȫЩˡ
Ѿǵô죿Ѿ˱ô죿
ҹԼҪˣϵıҲЩŤҹٿ֮Уһȥ
վסҵӣϸȻ֣һɫԪƮ΢΢һ֮䣬ǰһ粨ϡ
ҹЦһҹӶһ£ǵ̱ѿû˿谭
ϸ˴ʧɫȻǽ۷壬ǰΪҪߣԷʵȴҪԶ
˲ö˵ʲôϸѸڽǰ¼ƣһǿƥķ籩ֻҪҹٸǰһ̾ͻᷢһ㡣
ҹ˿һħϸһЦҹŷ籩һ㣬ҲûпʲôͨǷ籩ȴһ߽֮⣬ɢϸƺһɳȥֱӻȥ

ɽ˺֮УһĻĲ࣬ǿģСҹϸһ۷壬ȴһкɨˣٲ˵Ľ𵤾ͺɨ˵ҹû㹻ʵǾǲܵ顣
һħͷʦֹ˲ȥϸֻ齣յøҪɱʦãˣ


716 Ầҵ
ҹϵóʱɱ˵Ļһ֣͹Ҹ֮ĶԹԼҵ£Ҳֻһԩ
ʦ֣ÿɣȻңӦԡƽ
УҲʦ֣ҪҵģʦͦϣħͷȻƽ֪в㣬Ҳ㣡
ҹ΢΢üȥ
ʱһСŮܹһͷ˵⻳Һ£ǸΪʲôҪɱͰְ֣ΪҪ𣿡
ҹͷһֱһѽ
ϲԣ£Ŀһ˿ᣬһ統ҹ񣬶ʱʱȴѾˣҲ֪֮ǰʲôԹֻһ˵ԭ㲻Ҫ˺ˣԸ㵥һս
Ҫ裿ҹʵָλʦ֣Ҳɷ򣿡
ʲôϵ𣿡ʵ
ҹȻЦڹúܿ𣿡
ʦҺܺãϲʦҲҺܺáش
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ҹľܵתͷƽֵ齣ѾϢش
һûʩչκԪƺԪĲҹ̽鵽ֻƮȻ˹ֱһ̣Ȼ֮עԪҪҹһ㡣

ҹʶ֮ǶԷûʩչԪ֮ôֻǸոĻ֮ʱŻöԷ˿ɳ֮ˣҹȻҹֻһָ㽫Ԫ֮齣
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Ȼһնȴδն£ڰյʱһ˫ϸƱ㽫ץס
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ʦֲ⣬㲻ҪɱŰҹУ˿ûȥϧԼ˫֡
ҹ̧ĿȻû⣬ûԸ𣿡
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һ羵齣ıŰ֮£ݻٳɵɻҡ
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֪Ҫ˵ʲôźãȻǰ˵òƸıˣҲ֪ȷ⣬Ǹҹ˵ǳǳҪǸˡ
ԼȥȽϣҲҹԣһãΨûôãΪǸҪġ
õʱҲĽ꽲飬ʱҹڸԼһģеķգڵʱһ뵽ˡ
ڣ֪ҹһǺˣ϶뵽һʱܲ˵ʹ
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Ϊʲôʡ
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һǸ壡ȰƭȥȻż֮жɱˣʲôķĥǣܣá
ôһ룬Ҳֲͦġ
ǲǷλᣬһɽˡƽ
Ҫȥ̧ͷôδƶȻ֪Ϊʲô֪Ầҵģ


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Ϊˣżʵ̫ΣˣԷ֮ͿԽȫɱƽǿš
ȻףΪҪ뵽żٶ֣ѵ棬˰Ʈ𣿡ʡ
ҲɣϾҪţҲܵôŵ棬˭Ҳ֪ʲôҪ飬Ȼٺòˡƽ־˵Ҳ˵ùȥ
ĬˣƬ֮¿ڣҪȥ
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תͷû˿ҡҲûκҪش˼
㣬ǲȥòãǸ˵ģѸ׺̶ˣϲҲƽֵɫ£ȰĶ档
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Ƭ֮󣬹âɢȲشܣ뿴Ǳ͵һʲô硣
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һλɢ޸пҪִʫֻһ֮Ͷסˣ˰űһ䣺żȻͬ죬Ȼøʯɽһģһ
ɵȱȱ۶Ǳͻʯɽ棡
޴ʯͷӭΧڱԼΪʲôûбżѡеʿڶȫλʫʿϡ
ΪʲôΪʲôûлԵһ췢ʡ
ʲôֵģҲûлԵȥˣǽ𵤾ϵģȻʵҲһֻԵεûӭرģλҲ̾ο
Ʈ˶ȥˣΪʲôֻʣһƽֵͨӣĿʵ
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żĴ˵УȷǺҲûУ˶УοǺӡ
˵һ͵һ޹ĿռһСӾûҰϮ첻ԷҲˡ
Ҳ֪Ҿ͸оһɺôҸƿˣȻͲˡϲϸػ
Ǹ쵰Ĺһƽִ˿̵Ҫɱһ㡣
Աλɢޣ˿ЩĶԷļ򣺡֣뿪㣬żȥҲԭģ㻹иҪҪ
ţƽֶȻһץʲôؼ˵żٿһΣһβżڣӦõھ뿪ΪʲôǧһżΪʲôûͨԭǲǣ
ȿȡ˿ٴؿ˶Էһۣ˰ɣ˵¿Կӣ


718 鿪ʼ
ɢ⻺۾ԼѾһƬУȷżڡ
ʱҪգӽţκ̫̫࣬ȻҲ˽𵤾ʵҲôǿҪѱſǰȥǺ޿ܵġ
ʱһۻΧһһķɣǰֻʣ̹ͨ;
֪ô£ΪʱԼߵϲҲˣô£һյľ޴˾С
мĹ̻л㱣ֱڲ۾߲ٵƮӶڡ
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˵Ҳǣ˵ϲһͲʣһ𻹺ãǷɢˣ˭չϲλӵ
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żıҲ֪Ϊʲôܾ϶ĳڿţǸҪսˡ
ɱң૵˵ֻǺѹҡѹ𣿡
ʧʱ򣬸ڷţҶҪ֪ͷ͵ʲô˼
ѾʯɽˣԿ϶ˣǶлԵһ֡ɿǰĳʵڲһżӡ
һɽ鿴һ֪п޾ɽ֡ΪҵĿ޷ɽֵľͷɽ֮⣬˿κĶ
ӣǸôأʵ
ż֮еĻԵѡ߶ûзɢԺĺõˣܿ͸ҹˡ
ȻúˣĪСŽӿڵ㿴ĻãɽˮûҰޣûɸʵ̫ˡ
һЦȼ٣ҲѾͷó
ţҲôģĻĺܺãʲô˵Ҳû̫ãǱǴոֶѣ͵ɣ˭飬ȻҲõõͬ
һȣѵΪһطģӻ·һ
ת֮䣬Ѿ뷨ˣõĪСûûεŮӣҲô˵Ȼԭġ
һҹЩȻɫʱ˵˼νȼ٣ҹǸŮӵӰ߳ɣ
ʯɽһĻҲһֱгһգҹе⣬ʲô龰
У⼫ǸϢԲλĸоΪᣬĪСٵõƽɫŮӡ
ȴôҲû뵽ν⣬Ȼͨƽ˵ز޷ݳԷӣʵ̫ͨˣͨټʮҲԼס
Ҫҵ𣿡ǺĻؿţȴڻڻ֮˳
ҹһ漴ͻȻЦˣǸ˾Ҫҵ⣡
ĿҹͻȻˣЩԡ
ԱߵõȴҲЦͨˣ
ǵģ̫ɵˣȻڵ״̬ȥѡ񣬡ҹԼԴԳüᶨɶҡңҲֻңκ˶ı䲻ˣ
תĵл㣡
ףʶԷĻҹʶˣڵ⣬ǴǰʶǸŮӡҲǰк̫ܶĸ飬ʧˣȴҪ˻İԼôΡ
壬Ҫָļ𣿡ĪСʵļļӡ˵ֻǼ˲ܴ򿪣ļ˶ˣҪôأ
ܼ򵥣ҹ˵νֻļܴ򿪵ļӡҸͲţǣҲǿȥȸٰɣ
Ү̫ˣĪС˷ܵҹı
ɣĶȼٰһҪǼʲôأõƲƲ죬ҵڶûгֵķǼǻϵģÿá
õǲʲô֪ôܹأ˵һأڲŲһضѣҪżеʱ䡣ҹ˸ݣĳʯ档
Ǳ˶ңĻ᲻󰡣õǶǼʮ
ǰʥʱʵҲ㲻СȺѧսýսһã似ǹֲ
ڣԼһȴֲǹҲõĶˡеѰԼʵĶõɲһֻ˱Ůˡ
ѵûиоǵԪڻʧȵԪʧʱһصĿʼҹţżǺأҲż˼ˡ
ȻˣĽҹĻҲ̿ڸ͵ǰҲѾоһЩԪʧ̫ϸ΢Բ죬ǲֵᷢģԪʶ֮ҲţżҪѴҶͨˣȻſʼ飡
ʦ貨żмһضôܹȥĪСͻȻʵ
صУֻǺ٣ͨЩؿԿÿεĿ鶼һڼ֮ǴûгֹģЩؼûʲôáĽҲЩΣҲټصԭɡ
һҪǧһΣܽе˱Ͳ࣬ÿζһֻܵɸռǿʲôöûУǼʲôأ
Ҫôõյ
ͻȻ뵽һҪ⣬ǱϾġҹһԾʯͷ
ʲôһʵ
ҳԵģҹ֣ص
͡
ͱ̶˶ЦҲεذ˶Էһۣõ͸˵ˡȻҲͬģ糬ҹĪСͬѧôǾ˫ͬ
ҹ˵òЦĽȴ˵һ£ֻͨˣԪʶȫޣм
ҿԣõŵ
ҲԣĪС
ҹǸ͸˵ˣϱа
Ұʥ˵ҪԷˮһеġ
ʣµ˾Щɵˡ
С㣬ǡòƻЩѣòСĵ˵
ôᣬǵĴָкܶʳʱ׼÷ǳء̶
ʧȥԪ֮󣬴ָ޷򿪵ġҲʶԡ
̶һʱ㻹û뵽
ʲô﷨ûԪûа취ٴˣһɽɽʱҲֻŽָ
ǻʲôȥץЩҰζĪСţȻʱҲ취Զҿɲ뵽ʱֻԲݸƤ
˵Ǳҹ׵⽹ˣȻָгԵģԪʧ֮ǰóˣ

һ죬е
˵ȥҳԵģ̶
ΪҾûԵġҹǿ


719 ҵĻԵ
ȻǴŲٶҲĴתתûʲôرζǧ꿪һΣһظ´ٵͲ֪ʲôʱˣҪռʳΪԼĶҹ˵
Ҵ󷭰ۣҪĴתתҲǿʼתˣֻǸ˵Ŀ겻һʳ
Щӣ𣡡ҹš
ҳһҳһԹˣĪСȥ
ԣҹǺЦţжġ
ۡ
ĪСʱ˳Ҹƴˣ
жʲôǶ򶾲ֵİҹסͷЦ
ףҲ԰ĪС룬ӿţⶾˮúóˣҪ𣿡
⻰һƬҡͷȻõҲսȫûԻԣǸϲĶ
һ֮ҹ˻ǿʼȡҰζˡ
еĶﶼһ㣬û˿˵ޣ޶㲻ϡ
ҹ˵ջȻǼûʱ䣬һƬɽҰ޶Ҫɱˡ
ȻԷֹЩҰζƤڳ࣬ѣʼһεҰտ֮á
һ˵ĶȻҲ˵ֻǶû̫⣬ǳŸԶĵطѰˡ
Ʈ⣬Ǵ󲿷ҲĴѰţֻûиתһֱԭصȴš
ô죬һ֮ڷ֣ԼһԪָ֮򲻿ˡ
Щ˱ȽˣǱű˯ģЩȽϴģֱûˡ
ΪˣʱǲԼøͨһ㣬ֻʣһԣܶûУΪǴ඼̫Ԫ֮ˡ
ɼЩЩģҲûиоõȥϰԪ֮ͨܣ»صƽ״̬һǱ˾ųɾŵһ
ȻܿǾʶһص⣬ǻǽʿ͵Ҳǳʿʱ򣬾Ǽ첻ԷҲвӦĸоڣֻһȥѾЩͷۻܾûùĴģһһš
ҪȥҪȥҲ־ᶨʿѾʼֻ
šҪȥĽȫȻһס֮ǰԪָ֮ˣȸˣѾͳȥ
ռһ˭ֲȥ̷صԭĿռǼߵӰ˼˵
ô˵ҪõĻԵֻȥˡ˲ʵ˵
ȷıǻɵ
Ҷⶼûд𰸣һԿ϶һƬ֮УҵĺõʳѾҹһ˸ɨˣǳԲݸƤ֮ģ⵹Ǻܶࡣ
Щɢ˵ҲǼʵĶֻôżϣԶĵطȥϣҵһЩҰҰζ֮Ķ
ܿǾ͸ʧˣΪЩҰҰζĵطǾȻֻܿȴԲΪΪûԪ֮Ҫһֻͨӣ˵̫ˡ
öֻ̧ͷһۺ˵Ұٵͷ˫ۿһڲݸԴοԼԵżɹֻųԵĲݸƤ
ԵܽʱǻпŲڿˣɽȻǻԵòҵĻԵ
⼸ûжֻһƮ⣬ʼնԭϢһֱϢ˼졣һǶصӣûгηҲû뿪ǾǸκһ
ǴʱԭصȺ˶Ѿɢģ˷ʯɽҲȥ˸ԶĵطѰҳԵĶһĻԵˣǶͻȻ̧Ҳĳȥ󹦷Ѿʧïܵɽ
վܴһȷֻʣԼһˣŲҲŽʧķȥ
׷𣿡һ
һȻַҶûԪǲߵúܿ졣
ǶûУѾ˼ˡҹش
ܴ𣿡ͷţǲҲ˼ҴûмǳԶ
ǺǡҹĴ涺Цˣ뵽ҪǣΪˣ޴½صһţǺٳû˻᲻ӣΪÿһγ棬ܾʵشﵽԼĿģΪһҲ⣬ڴҶѰҵʱѡ˶ס򵥣ҲЧİ취ΪΪ֪һͨ
ѵд𣿡ʵ
ûджϵһ֪ܿһЩżеһЩ飬ǰ϶ܶ׼ҹЦ磬һֺܼ򵥵ĵҩֽٹȵ֮󣬿ʮ죬ʱ䶼о
ǿ׷ˡʧص
׷𣿡ҹʵ
ҲǣֻҪҵ峺Ŀһ˿ܳʱˣҶ֪ԼҪʲô
һֱʲôأҹܺ棬ʱⶼЩʲô
мƵӣȻֻǴһ˿ȴظоˣʦ˵츳ѣлɾͷ龳ҾͲֱͣڶһ
㲻ϲҹʡ
ǲϲҲ֪ΪʲôҪգȻʦ˵üʱ䣬ͿԴﵽ˼ʮ궼ľ磬ƺֵýҲ֪ΪʲôһҪǵ˷龳ôأƮȻأһһ츳ˣƮţҲ֪ʲôԼҪģܸоԼһҪûһֱңȴҲ𰸡
Ҫ޸Ǹʦ𣿡ҹ̲סʵ
һüͷ֮ҡҡͷҲ̫֪ʦ˵Ӧü޸ʦֶҺܺãϲҲϲң³ϡ
ΪʲôӦü޸ҹЩŭ
Ϊʦ˵ںܾǰѾңҲ֪ʦĻ֮⣬ʲôѡ񡣡ĻʮСŮ¶
ҹȭͷס䷢
ǰʶңг𣿡Ȼʡ
ʶ㣬֮䡭ûг𡣡ҹһӼᶨԼͷ
ʲôҪսƮأ
Ϊ㡣
Ҹг𣿡
ҿԴҵ顣
ţȻ֪ΪʲôҸоܿšʦֺʦǻҪţ֡
ȳԵ㶫𣿡
ٹȵ
ҹ뿪Ƭֳ֮ߣһֻõҰãƵıƤð˵ζڴʱ˰еķ
㣡̲סʶźͷǸҳԵ𣿡
Ȼ
Թ𣿡ʡ
ҳԹܶ࣬ҹѵҸ¶𣿡


720 
æҡͷĳˡ
Ķˣ⼸һֱڼţͬŵĵӶ߹ˣĿȴһ̶û뿪ķ
ҹһ˵ͨȻǸоޱȵļ˵ûжжĶڶ˼˵Ҳѵֵջ
壬شСҲţ˵ǿҳԵģ͸㣿ĪСҲ֪Сµ
⡭⺬һ΢΢Щ˼ͷһ£ĪСݹȥǡ԰ɣһġ
ĪСһ£ȻһЦҸ㿪Цˣ԰ɣǱ߻кöأԶٶԲꡣ
ŷССڵسҲֻö˸ɸɾ
һǶˣĪСӣҹģôã
ǵĶ𣿡ҹȻЦ
˵ҲŶǾǸ˿϶ǺģģҺʹ壬ẦˡĪСűƵظ
ţ֪ͷʦ֡
˵˴Ǹôǿϣҿ϶ɷúĪСһŭ
Ϊʲôʡ
ǻǿȥһԵɣҹ˵ĶԻ˶ʧȥԪҲĳ̶ȣԵҲȷҪֵʱˡ
Ѿ֪ô𣿡ĵҲԶ˽뿴ʱһγʣΪʲôͨŮˣҹ˹У
Ȼûôףһ֪ģһҲԴ֮һֱûκζһ֪ʲôܣȻˣ͸ˣȥһ̽ҹȻҲʱ⣬ֻֻһζŶԷ
ѾˣɽַΧ˹ҪȥأĽɨܣǵʶ֮Ҳ˼㣬ҪҵԷ濴򼸺ûпˡ
Ȼ˵ҵǿ϶ڶԷϣ˺СĪСȴһġ
ŶһĵλҪؼֺ֣УԷ˿ɾˣ֪ʲô˿ɲõ
㲻ʲôУʵҲûԼ٣ֻѡǺģ࣬Ӧһˡҹָһ򣬡ǾǸҲ߳ҲҪ̫żżĿŸոտʼֻܿҪ䣬ͻһֱȥ
ôģõʵ
̫ˣʶ֮ߵ̽һȻʶҿԶһ̽ӣһǼ޷˷ֵ̽ӡҹصЦ
СڣĪСõ˵
ҹ̾
ĵҲ̾ˣСҹһ㣬Ӧģ֮ⷨȻʶȴ޷ָӦϡ
С״̬£ֻһ೤СߣȻ£пܱ׽ɿٶȣƾҹҲץ
ʱ̽ӵĻֱҹ˵һģһһ޷˷ֵ̽ӡ

ҹ̸·ʱЩѾĽ˺Զˡ
ǲǴһʼ͸ģлԵһصʵ̫ˣ֮ǰɢʱҲǸС
˷˶̾˸ҹһ뷨ֻҪ϶ҵصķ
һäĿΣ˵ţΪһѾΪ޴½Ĵ˵ˡ
ʥŮʮ˸ǣҪҪߣ̧еһλ𵤾Žڵ
ˣżĻԵڵһزֻǽ룬ϢͨҲܶռȻˣֺαٶأ¶ʥŮ
⻰֮λ𵤽η˵Ȼһٶǰš
ǵ·ҲкܴԣʱشԽһЩС·ʱתȦҲһ㣬Ŀĵһʲô
ع۲죬Ƭɭ֮۲Ļͻ֣ᷢʵѭһĹɣһֱѰҵģһ̶ķϣֻƫƣȴӲȫ롣
ֹգѾ֪תʲôطٻȥԭƬֻҲ޷ҵ·ˡ
ͻȻǽһ٣ͣΪ֮һ
ΪⶥϢ֮⣬Ǵûͣ¹
иöҪߣ˿̲òʮ־Ҫ˾Ҫʲô
أƿ߳һĨɫӰ޴ɴңȫסŮӵݣֻܿŲŲ֮䣬һ£΢΢䣬һ̣ԡһƬϹ֮Уٿˡ
ȥô£
Ǹô죬͸һʧ
ؼʧʧɣôʧҲǿʲôûпô첻ǰ׸
ҡҺ񿴵һ⡣˵
ϻǶһƬ⡣˵˶ʱˡ
ԣ˵ˣҲܿˡһתҲ˵ЩḡĽŲűķˡ
ʱһСߣٵľݵ֮ţʱͳҹǰವһڵ˶Էļϡ
Ϣ𣿡ҹʵ
ҿһɫʯͷǸŮһȻʧˣӦǽ˵ڶءС쳣˵
ɫʯͷһɻ
ǲǿ飿ͻȻָĳָȥ
˳ָҹȻһɫӫ⡣
ĪСȥҪְָոմ嶸ȻһϹסҲٿˡ
ãĽ弱æǰƾڵٶȣʲôҲˣֻһƬյĲݵضѡ
ĽϲżСӦֻǽ˵ڶضѣҹοԷڿ˹Ȼ֪ģҪҵɫӫʯܸСȥϣҷͷȥҡ
ҵˣҪôأʵ
ҹҲһ£ոûע⵽Ͼһż˭õɫӫʯ˭͵лõ
ĪСõν˾ͲⰲˣǺҹǿʡ
ȻǻԵǾ˭˭أֻǹȥ֮󣬴һҪۺһ𣬵һȻƽҲڶӦòˣпܻһЩԤϲΣաҹ
ҹ֪Ӧǿģɫӫʯܲҽ룿Ľ¶ֿ֮⣬һӦòԪҵΪʵСһЩ
ҹҲûзԣ̾ͬˡ
ʱǸԴΧɢֻĽˣһֱҹߡ
ҹָһ²ݴУĽϣɣ
Ľлֱ֮ɫӫʯץȥ˲䣬ⷢˡ


721 ǿ
ĽץɫӫʯͬʱѾ׼ڴ֮󣬵һʱҷ׼ʱһô벻鷢ˡ
ɫӫʯĽץУȴûд󱻴ɫâ˸˼֮Ѹٵȥһͨʯͷ
⡭ĽĿɿڴؿһĻһɫӫʯȴһˡ
ĽϲõģڣСԲµġҹֻ˰ο
Ľ峤̾һǻԵˣע޷ͨһأҲֻˣֻϧ˷һɫӫʯ
ĽϲѾ˶ߣߵķ·ߣԼԷҵӫʯĵص㣬ЩûйɣȴмѭģֻҲóⷽ㣬㲻õģѾ뵽Ҫ˭Щҹһ˿â
Ŷѵѧ㳤ϵ֮Ľɻ
㵹δأȴ֮Уڼˡҹ˵ŰָУһڡ
Ƭ֮õ̶ҴҸ
Ѿ͹𣿡ҹЩ⡣
ǵӣǸոҵһɫӫʯС㱾ҪӣźʱһСĴ㱻ˡ͵
Ȳ˵õˣһеĵصͷλһɫӫʯλáҹ˵
ңҹ˵𣿡
Ȼ㣡ҹ˵
ҸͲʲôҴûѧЩЩִٵ
ʵ㶮Ҳڵʲô֮ĳһȴʵĺڰŮʣΪӵб޷󼰵ͷԣҹԴ˳ţȻ벻Щûϵһõ㣬ΣͷǲıģڼϣžõҲȲ㡣
𣿡ⲻŰõԷͷԥ֮¶ģһŬġ
ʱ䣬Ůдд˶˿͡
Ľ̶ǣʼʱȷʲôҲӣǲ󹦷֮ʼõʣٹĹ˱̽֡
֪ʲôʱⳡ㣬һ˵̨õѾĵ㻭ٶȡ
ʼգŮ˵ĻĽ̶ˣһ䶼
֪ˣӦͻȻ˷ָܵҹȻ֪һж٣⼸ǳֿģ
ҹĿޱᣬͬſЦ⣺֪磬Զǿģ
ҡͷдɬ
Ȼ䷢֣һ̵ǰȻȫͬƮôõʱ䣬ûղȫҵȥһ飬ûɵʱǿҵĿ֡
ǣҹ˵ЩʱһůʣҲƮʱû˸ġ
ǻǿȥҿõͻȻȻҲЩλòѱ˱ȵɾͰ׷ô๦ˡ
Сڣܵ죬ȥ̽·ҹְС
ιҪҪộǶֻţƫƫҪ֧ʹûнŵġСڲرԹ
ˣڿסţ첻һʯƽʱ֪˯ֻôͱԹǺֵˣҹѵ
ͲŸǺֵءСһ߶˵ţһȴԶˣⶨµķ
Ҳһȥɡҹ˵
ҹָܻҵļ𣿡ȴվԭûж
ôҹЦˡ
ǰãڵܺãЩ˶ҺãҲܰҪģǡͻȻ֪ǰʲôӵģȻʦ˵ǰҲһ֪ǿ϶ǲһĶԲԣеʵ
˵ʦʱҹһ˿ֻһš
ϲղŵĸо𣿡õȴӹЦŶָ˼䣬ͻ֣ᷢиȸղŻҪֵ飬Ʈ˶Ҳ֪֪Ժһ˶ܻȴǺܿĵظ
ⱾܵسҹȥԷҲЩȣæת𴦡
ΪֹȻǲҹԼܸоҹһҪˣ١ٻƽʦҪҪöࡣ
ԴãȻسƮ֮һһָоҪ˵ĻҲʦ֡
ʦֵֺãǺãʦֺãƺҲǣֻСֻ

ʱ֮Ľ崫ͷأҹҵɫӫʯҹûеһʱȥǰѻø̶õ
ȻĽǰٷְ׼ȷȷλȴǾųϵģЧ֮£ҹҲһʱõȥ֧ԮĪСͬʱ̶ȥҺģԼ⣬ܿͿҵʣµɫӫʯʱҲͿˡ
ҹǰСڴš
ҹϵʱֻΧסСڣһףĶˡ
ǲǴҪҵ߰ɣҹվһ
ǲҪߣǿɫʯͷȷֵģҪǣһ˺
ҹŷ֣ԭСߵĺ棬һ鲻ɫӫʯЩҲӫʯܡ
Ҳѹ֣żһ¿ıǴҵĻԵˣҹ˳ǿļ˻ԵļޣԽõӫʯⲢҲбˣżȻɫӫʯͳȥ
͵˶ˣȻҶ֪ʯͷô
ҹ֮ǰĶһƬģҲҲɫӫʯЩ˸ǵǣ֪Щӫʯ;ҲֻĿĵѰңҪҵĻᣬȻǷǳСġ
ɫӫʯҵȷ֣Ȼȷ֣Ҫ𣿡ҹʣȻҲˣҲҪúÿҵĻмֵʤ㡣
⼸Ҳǽ𵤾Ϊ⼸һֱûгʲôԿЩҹȴȫͬǰһûб仯ǱˣҲ϶ǱøˣȽһ£⼸λΧĿһƶռ
Ǽ˶һۣ˶Էԥ
ûУǳԹǼҲδش򲻹һ尡ɱˣŪǸŮˣҪʯͷҪŮˣͻȻ˷ؽһɤӡ
Щ˶Ѿ˱ıԵ֮󣬱ܵضȥ
Ȿҹʾ£ȥǿɫӫʯûа취ȥվ֮С
ۿһ˵齣Ҫ̵ϣҹٿȻ֮们ָǱһУһϳء
ŭ죬ҹٿ̧ƣ˵ͷȥ
Ҫ򣡡СͻȻе
ҹոҵ⣬ݱ˺ʱԷ־ҪȡȻŭɶƫƫڴʱСھȻῪֹҹȻѣҪĳһƣҲŶڰա
ʱһ˵ĵѾն


722 ӭ
ҶûԪƴľͱҹﲢûбЩɫӫʯ̵ġ
ҹʵȻĵΧĳʱȴСĪغͣܵظоﲻԣҪȡ˶ԷһƣҲͣ˰ա
Էµѵֱҹ⡣
ҪСڵٴƺҹһ
Ҫҹ˵ġ
֪СΪʲôҪҪ󣬵֪кܶԼ֪ĶС֪ġ޴½ļط
Ȼʱ˶ҪôڿˣҹţСھῪЦ
ܺ£ҹǰҲȻʱҲֻǿԼȥܡ
ۡ
ѵ̵ֱҹ⣬Ҳֻǿմǵ·ϣʱǵȻһڹźݺһƵ죬˾͸Բˣɫ
һ֮ǰЩߵˣǹأԶģǳŹâʧºɫȫһ
ԭˣҹ˿
ȻˣΪһẦ𣿡Сڲ
ǺǣҾ֪Сġҹ佱
ССһûб佱ĵ⡣
ˣǲɱ˵ģҹʣµļˣһز⿼ԵͬҲԣҶʧȥԪ£ûΪߵ͵ķֱ˭ҪƾɱˣյĽǻһɫˣǼҪ𣿡
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ոʶ֮ʱѾжޣڼе޶Ҳ˵Ĳһֻ޶˵ǲܵ飬ھǷˡ
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ڵĿռһƬֲָһΪҹЩߣҲܴܵӰ죬˶ѡʶ̽·
ҹʶǱһҪǿܶ࣬ƣԱܶ鷳ȴǡǡ෴ǿʶΪ˸޹
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ҹϲʹðҹܾЩа˿ȴǸЩааˣҪаһЩһ׵а
ΪٶܸһЩڽ·;УҹҲٽʶŵôԶֻ̽ԼΧһƬ
ޣֱնɱˣûУٶͨ
ҲΪռСԭҹС֮ϵøΪҹʶ֮ܵƣҲûа취ص
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һҪͨƺֻɱˣͨ㹻޲УûʲôȡɵĻᣬֻһǰˡ
ɱʮͷ֮ҹ˸ĹߣЩڴŴЩ˱ҪһЩѾ߽ˡ
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ʱҲȥĹ翴һ£ǸĵطߵЩˣƺ˼ĶͻȻһת
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ȷҪȡⱦ˼ȴ̸־ڱصãĶΪķȥһĶЦЦȴǱԼ̬ȡ
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ҲҪһлɳ˵ġĪС
ҲҪ˳ҹȴְСƵһߣż治֪жȱٻԵ룬ȴŸʵˣԹֻǼ˻ȥĻҲ޷ģҪһ˳
Ķſڣȴû˵ʲô֮ͻȻʵΪʲôҪİҹ͸ˣ
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Ϊڣ鷳һֱĬͻȻڵҵΪʵóȻʵǱǸ˳Ļھ˳ȥ
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ոݱ֮ǰѾѷãû뵽ԷɱвǱƣǱը֮𶯣Ȼֱ˵ʶġ
Ȼô򵥣ˮеĶںϵһû׼ˣᱻһֲ
ҹȻ֪ˣǾͲŶԷĵʶҹĶôױԷռ˵ġ
ɱʽ
ҹʶ֮һͷ޴ǣɺȭͷһĴСವس嵽˹ָǰݺײȥ
ȻǿƱ׾Ĺָ򣬾Ȼ˲һ޴֮ǰһҪһҹһʶȻ
ҹҲ̾һ¡
ָ˵Ҳн۷ʶ֮óԼ֮˳һ£ʶͻˣʶܹĥɳġ
ʶ֮һЧҹӽˮ棬̧ȭһȭʱĺɫжҪѿռһ㡣
ָʮֹضȻûٳʲô
Ȼҹʯ쾪һȭڹָϣȴֺöûУ޾һ޻档
ҹ޷ʹ˷ֺ׵ԪԣĶѵ
ָ̺ž޴壬ټƤǶ쳣⣬öȥǴһƤ棬ôһȻǲ˵Էġ
ҹֺγ벻һЧ֮׵Ԫȶ


730 һ
׵ؼգаһԪǶԶ׵ԪҲżĿá
ǹָȻʶʲô׵ոһ¶ʱ̾Ͷ̵ĳصףϷͲ֪ȥ
ҹʶȴʶ޷͸ˮ档
ˮʲôӵİأȻҹǿʶƲˣ
Ҳˣ׵֮Ҳָ򣬲òˮʱ˶Ծˡ
ǿ׵֮ȻֻˮϲһֻϢžʧ٣ˮƶû
һأҹ̾
ҿ̫࣬ǾˣĪСһĻҡͷ
ȥҹʲôתͷʱȴԶˮ棬¶һһĹָ򣬺СĿռ³һ㣬СħŮڴżгȥ֮ǰһҪ˵
ĪС֪㲻ңҲ˵Ǹлǻеģڻûй㣬Ȼɡ
ҹ˵ʲôͻȻ´һɾȻǸոʧָֻ򣬴ҹ·һԾײ޴ҹײϷ
˵ҹ߷壬߱Թ˵
СĺĶõһ𾪺ΪǶҹײʱЩķһֻް֣Ҫҹ档
顭
ҹȻԼǺ棬ǡڴʱ·Ĺָһһݶɹصͱըرȥ
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ǷֻǱܵ񣬵޷ɢֲǰԮⷬٶͱú塣
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ʲôǿǳĹԽԽõϣоǳɢ֮⡣
ʦ̫ˣҪôķԪͨҹͻȻǴǹĺ֮С
ԭոЩǱǳɢԭ򣬸ҪǣҹȻǰЩȥˡ
ʲôһ㱣ûԼͨ˷ˡ
ڳԶɣĪС
ԡǺһ£æ׼õͨʩչȥʧɾʹˣ򲻵Ѳõɱа
ʱҹǲˣȻô˷ѣջȥȵõŵʱðɡ
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ҹŰҹʩչͨ˴ǰȻһɫĽ𵤣ڽΧǷ֮ͨѸٵš
ܿ죬ˮصˮҹԭ׵Ԫ޷ˮףҹĽ֮£ֱҪ츲һ㡣
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ҹһͨȻʮڵĺˮڿУ·ֻʣһͷͷĹָ
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ꡭ
ҹٴ˸׵â۳һɫ׵ȥҲʮֺÿǲҪ𣿵Ǹܰ²׵磬ûϵһкڰԸãȻǲЩӰҹһһȥҲһһȺͷСġ
Ҳ֪ûЩȴܴˣֻǾҹ֮һͷȥĹָ򼷵ǰ棬ͷҹ
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ǴһҲͨԣ̾ͱ׾ҡҡͷ
ܺãҺҵͬҪȥǲ˰ɣʲô⣬ֻȰЩһﶼˣٳĳˮŵҲ˺ܶࡣҹݺ˵
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ҹһһԭͨһ֮䣬ŵľޱٴλԭˮȥ
ߣҹкһ˼ŮһС


731 ѻ
С͵Ӵ󣬴˿̴ͷſзȥõĶСĵע·¹ָͻȻ
ҹѾѶĺߣһ˶ɵüߣǹҲ㹻ķӦʱ䡣
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ȴСǰ棬ĪС˽ҹ档
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û뵽Է˼ܣż֮У֪޷˳ȴ뵽һ˻صͨҲٶ˵ʲô
ҹ̧ҹطǰķ֮ȥ
Ⱥ˰ҹڽӽʱƺܵظӦǰѵϵΣϢ׷ÿ·мһյֻаҹ
ÿҹոнһɣЩ̾ͻὫԭĿռֲϣƺжĿռ䣬ǾҪռݶһ㡣
ҹҡҡͷҹȻȺֻһѣȴ޷ôˡ
Сڣа취𣿡ҹͻȻʵ㲻Ѫ𣿶ԸЩССķȺӦûİɣ
̫ˣֻЩѪȴޣģԿѪ֮ǣ˭֪Щʲô߰ޣôܸӦõϵѪأС
ðɣǿҲֻŸ̸̸ˡҹüë
ǰȥֻ޾Ȼٶ֮죬ҹ̾Ϊֹ
Ϊ˾ȵǣֻ޲ǳҹһˣǷֱˣǶ̤ǵʮֲ
ಡ
٣ǳâеײǼֻϡ
Сһһ±һɺ̡
Сжҹѵ


732 
ҹʱҲû׼䣬Ǻ̹סɢ˷Ⱥ
һٶȴǼŭ˷ȺҲͣԭأ·ܵƣһҹ
Ķʦ㣬һְɣҹһͬʱе׹Ű֯һž޴ǷֹЩȺһ㣬Էס
ȻܣЩȺȴûһֻԴԽ˹ˡ
Ķ֮䣬ǵصıŷȺȥ󷲱ķޣҪôһҪôͱ˱飬ϱ촷ۡ
Ҳʾ޾ǳâдϴûŵռЩǳâϵķޣ̾Ǳһ̵ĻᶼûУһƬޡ
ĪСûж֣ΪıǧΪһЩȻó֮󣬲ﲻæҹһ谭
֮⣬Ķҹ̵һЩͨͬҲû̫ãֽŵģֻõԭˡ
õûе𵤾ͨҲûа취ӦãȻǰ
⣬˲ûעʱһ޴лӷɶȥ
籾޴󣬵ǸҹһʱͻȻһתͬͻеǳͱҲŤת֮󣬷·ּһ㡣
úãҹš
֮ǰһֱΪʵòƺܲȴû뵽еķԪʩչͨʱ򣬴ƣκһ𵤾֮£һ
΢΢ȻƮʱʦҲᾭ佱ȴûиоϲá
ʦְɣǳòЩ˺ԴȥҪ㲻ˡҹ˵
Ҫһ£Է˵òûд̶ȣ˵ûʲôӰ죬һֱȥɾҪıԴ֮ҲܵӰ죬ⲻ˵ǲҪġ
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һҲӦ˴ս֮ʱҹ϶ʲôɵ£˵Լ֣϶źҪãʱջԼǳ֮
Ķҹֺһ
ĶûгɣҲջԼͨ
ҹ֮УȻŲٵķޣĴͻϵĳ̣Ȼ֪Ŀֲȴǲϵ̣ƺȥҲҪһ㡣
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һ£쾵϶ȻһɺɫỤ̃ٿ굽֮УʱĶڰŨ֡
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գƬ֮ҹһ쾵ĺ̶ʱһ⾵档
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˵ʲôˣûлȥģĶ󾪵ɼ֮дţżÿǧһȴ˵ġ


733 ֻѡһ
֮УһЩżļأǧһǴҹ֪֮ͬ⣬ÿһεĿҲͬͬʱÿŵļ֮ҲдţżĿУżųɾŶȻأû˵дģ˵鷢
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˵żһıżżҪߵԲŹɢϢôҶ̽ЩȦ׵ˣż衭ҹ˵ЩʱҲǱһ
Ļǿͨı
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죬ȴվû˵ȻõţʱľȨƺǲϣֳֻܱĬ
ĶĬȻҲϵߵһȴҲ޿κΡ
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ҹתͷĶһۣȴǵȻЦЦѡֱ֮Ӵͳȥ𣿡
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ãҴӦ㣡ҹʮʹشӦˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҹٿɽһ죬Ȼ˾ʯ֮С
СӣҸѡĻᣬκԼȴҪұȫ㣡Ǳҹ޴ľٶŭˣҡŴԴ
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ѵһ
һã֪ҹΪʲô˵ΪǸ͸оԷκλ
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ҹе̧ۣ֮֮䣬ر֮ǰ׹ľ
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Ķıǳ֮⣬һǿƥĴڣǵЩͨǾϵʱȴָûκá
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ĪСıǧҲһʩչȥıˣֻϧȴֻǸھϱһ㣬ȥҪһرɴһ㣬þԵøˡ
õȻͨȴϵشݶԼԪ֮һնǾ޴ϣֻССĹھ˵㲻ϡ
ֻ⣬˿ȴޱȵͷͷ­ƺҪӶԷ̫һС۾Щʲô


734 Ҫħ
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ޣҹݺ㵱ʵҪɱ㵱ɻͬǱɱͬ·һƨۣǲǸ˵ͬѡ
Ǵ壬ʵľǻ뵱еĶĪСɻʵ
Ȼǻ뵱еģҹ֣ص˵þͨҲƣΪǵʵ㹻ֻ棬ͬξ޷Լһ
ԭ֪ˣĪСǽɳȥñǽһֱ̺бﻹͣؽţŻˣ㣬㡭
ҹһһ㶵ģ漴͸һǰȥŻˣ㡭
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ʦ㣬㲻ýⰡƽʱЩģʱڽ£ҲʧΪһ취õοʦ㡣
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Ķʹߡҹδ˵꣬Ѿˡ
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ĶժɴȻһЦлл㡣
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ҹͷȴǽͨ˹ȥ۾һĬĬؼ¼š
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⻺£ħٷԼϥϣһʱչȻݺ
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㻹˼˵ĪСȥˣ壬ÿħ͸ˣȻǶñĥⷨ͵Ժ󣬾ΪĥԼ˵ġ
ˣǾץʱָɣΪкܶʱ𣿡ҹ˵
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ȻҲΪҹЭˣҪɱԼȻĻǾͲʶҹˡ
˵ĶԻĶҲʶʲôֱץʱϢΪģΪѵһս
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ҹĵ֮سıؾ֮·ϡ
׵͵ûдǰںϵ֮У˿֮ж˼յ׵Ҳ˼ַƣ֮ԡ
һƬ׵ĿǾ˫Ŀ͸˫̫һ۾һ̶˽ȥ
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ƺǱʹˣ޴ͷ­ϵҡţƺܲʹ
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תܣ
ͬҲĪСͨǰʹãһóȴΪֵ֣ͨ
תһֻǧ̵Ԫ˿ڿ۳һӰ㣬ҪǳȵĻ


735 
תҹĪСͨȻͨƷʣֻҽ˵ȴҲԵò̫á
˿ֻոγɣڻȼ֮£ˮٲˡ
˿޷˵سҽȥӵʱֹס˹ƣֻҪѶԷҽȫȴԶԶﲻ
Ķ˼ʲôȫͻȻų⣬ƺ˶Ҫ仯һŹҫޱߵʯ
ͬʱ建˫ֹͬһӡǰƳ
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ǳ
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һȻ͸֧һ֮ԵЩ
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Ĵиƨãǵĸ󣬡ҹû˵취ôȻǾҪˡ
֪ĺѴ֮УǵԪͨã˦ͷˣ˵Сڵĵ˵ͨǲƵģҪǸҽ棬ǶҪɻҽˡ
˵ҪϿ취ҹӽµľһ˵ЩǲõģʲôõģҾͲţֱ˴󲿷ʵʩչ£Ǿһ㷴ضûУĻżһԵˣҲš
˵öԣСǰһڵ״ֻ̬ǱӡԪԪʧˣԺһЩǿõģԱ
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ҷԱּķͨȽ𵤾ʿһЩ
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֮ǰҺŵסһһΣ˵ԪͨûˣǲʱֹĻһ̾Ǵһʱ̡
Ծ𣬰ҹ߸߾Ǿͷȥ
ҪɱͷȻֻͷ£·Ǽޱȵʯ·ʯŪûˣ˵Ľء

컹ſˣһ֮ǰҽųϷԾҹȥ
ҹһҹ֮׳
ҹ˲䷭ӿһźڰĹâͬڵϴϸף֮һ𣬾ȻִĿĸо
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СޣҵСˣЦһ漴һɫϢ
ϢƮȴ˲ҽĵطҹһҹ׾ٵƿҽǵض
ҹȴҲûеڶѰҹԱˡ
ޱߵĻСҹҲһͻ𺣣һ̣κεԥҹȻ¶ľġ
ǧ飬ĶҹߴҲһġ
ħ٣֮
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ǲЧҲʮ־˵ģ˿ȻһҽڣֻɫڿУ̻һԡ
ʲôңһ˾ܸ㶨ˡҹûضߵĸλǿҳ˧ԾҪҵķͷ
˱ȽЦǿһЦ
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ǿɶѰģǴ˿ӰӶûпԶʧԼķ
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736 
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ǡ׼ŭңҪȫһݺݵ
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һǸ׵Ȼֻһ淨ȴԲǼ򵥵Ķ
ҽȥͬʱǹҽͱһѹȥҲΪŴʯԭɡ
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ȿȣҲֻǸЩС޿ЦѣϷ꣬ʵǼį̫ͷ˵Цһ£ǲΪɣһЦ
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ǵķΪһضʧҪ˵ǼٵģϾⶼҪĶ
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ǺǣҲһѣȴ޷żԲûа취κβΪż֮еĶҵİź
ˣǶˣһ˾ɱżӰɣҲ϶ҲʵĴߣҲܱģǵķ¶꣬Ļǵǵò˭ҲҪõҹЦ
εЦһ£ԭֱ㿴ˡ
ߣȻǾǻҲһþڣҲþУȻǻþǾǲʵĴڣԻΪʵҲûǻѵҲ벻𣿡ҹʵֻ֣һ飬Ϊʲô̰ͼǵķ
ȿȣϷʵṵ̂ͼǷ˼ҹôһʣ߸ˡ
ʲô˼ҹʡ
֮ǰһʱǶЩ࣬ЩǽǵĶһʮָˣȴֱµҲֻˡȻߵҲܸоԷһΡ
ܻԭĶȵʵ
ЩҲû٣С˵ڣֻһþ棬ǲԼķġЦŻһÿ˵϶һ
ٿʱ֮ǰЩѾȫصԼУϲ⡣
ͬʱ˵ǰִһҫ۵Ĺš
ˣϷ֮ǰֻܱǸһλذɡЦ˵
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737 Ľ
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żеһؾͿԵõˣѵҪϿȥҪ֪ȵˣȻкôġȰ˵
кôŹ֣ҹȫᣬ˵νͷеһˣܵĻ̸ˣΪ飬ӦǹضԴÿһߣȴΪԼһ֮˽ǵľ񶼻ٵҪ֪һԱڻþҲܵСʶˣĲ˵㾫ʧôøɣ
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ƺԥˡ
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ҿ㻹ǰҸ˰ɣߵЩˣżܹ֮Ҳһѡ
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ֻһ֣Ѫĳ嶯ѾϷļˣΪ飬ҲżڵĶˣҲҵļˣúÿǡ
ؿˣҾȫʶ֮ҹһڰ֮ǰõͨģҲҪһ
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ǰ˼ңҵʶ֮оĿռ䣬ٻûбϣôջأҹԹ
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ͨͲ˵ˣһ֪Ǻö֮⣬Ҷõʶ֮Ҳ㶼һĻԵ
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ҲãҹʯеһͨȥžΨһһ·ˣҲ»·
˵ţҹͼһ̤ʯ·
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739 ı
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֮ǰƣ㱻ĥˡҲЩá
żɲЩֻҪҵʴеһܶǹƽƽֻ˶õ״̬£ҲпѡʺǸˣʹõУǱǰʲôҹҲĶ͵


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741 Ҹı
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ƺЩԥ˶ʱҲ¶˾ģҹ£ԲڴˣǻԸһȫʬ
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ע⵽ҹһŮӡ
ȻŮ˲û¶κֻҪһۣ԰ٷְٿ϶һɫŮ
֮ǰҲ˴ԹĽ棬һλɫŮ˲²ɴŮӣΪ֮Ҳܵ͵һȺŮģõڸţԲû̫˻ע⵽
ֱڣҲȷһͷŵӣĵŮӣľʹߡ
ȻȲǰأȴһͨ˸ַģҲǾԶ֮ȥǣ֮Ҳ֡
˿ðЩʿһЩû裬㲻ðűǨŭķգȥٸҹΪˡ
ҲǴͷۣɫŮֻ֪ˣҲҹһ𣬵ֻһɺϣΪҹŮʵ̫࣬Լ֮⣬ȫǾɫŮӡ
û뵽ֹؼʱ̣λŮȻðŷҹϴס
λʹߣҹѾʶܾˣͻȻ֮ʳһ仰
Ķһʲô˼
ܿλʹ߶ҹƺг֮꣬Ҳǣ͸һɹЦ
뽣࣬ڶŮĿеĽӣڸһ£ҪϤ
Ķľٶ񣬶һЩ󵨵ؽ˵Ȼ֤ʲôЩŵʿ쵽
ʹΪԼһ˽飬ôڲˣҲЭ˲ƴʢͱ˵
ԭ
ó
һ˾ɷ򣡡
б£Ͱô˶ɱˣ
ôҪ˽ҪеĽӦӦ
ǡĶʱޱȡ
Ƕ峤ºͣǸ彻սҲֻΪ˶սʲôģȻ벻һ󣬾ȻҲôơ
ҹȫҶɹѣҸȷл֮飬Ҹղ˵Ļ䶼棬ôƾݣĶҹõֺαٵǳֱ֣Ӵߣ˭֪ϣ
ɣǾǰЩɢ޵ɵһ
һ˾ɷŮˡ
ˢ
һ磬ննһɫѺһ𵤾ͷء
ĪΪҺı㲻ɱ𣿡Ĵ˿̵嶼ھҵزš
ȻɱˣԲ࣬ʱиŭίһʱ޷Լ
˵仰ʱ̽ǰпɱļơ
ĺ֮⣬ڳĶǽ𵤾Ǻȫ֣ǿܴɱķѪɺӡ
һʱ˶𵽣ڲƬ֮Ҳ֪Ƿ֮⻹δȥ˾Ȼٽϴθ
İνʣһĽ
ҪҹָгԷĽ
ãȻδһ㣬ָڽһʱҹָ𿪣ϵ纣
ġҹٴγ֣ȴץסԷ
㡭ȫһЩ˼ҹǵһҹֱԼ֡
Щ˲˹ƻ㵱ȻɱǣȴԼħҹҪ飬ҲӦ֣ģϢԪܵ˶ҡɴ⣬㻹ŵùңͰｻɡ
ҡһδɣȴйͻȻ˵ҹĻʹ
ףҹҲһȴûĶԷ磬̫ۣϢһ°ɣһң
šĽҹܵشӦţȴͻȻҡͷ
Ȼ˵仰Ȼ˯ˡ
ҹһĵȻⲻ̶֮ǰһСԪʶܵشˣҲһҵĿռȥϢһ°ɣ
Сһʱӵȷܿ£Ҳʲô⣬Сһֱ˵ʲôұΪû¡
һʱ׷ʲôСľ䣬ӶԪ˶ܲˣ֮ϢûУǿ֪飿ҹɻ
ǡ֪֧֧СĻģ˵Сġ
ˣǽȥչɡҹ֪ʱ˶˵ְ
С㣬ĶͻȻĵƺ
ں˵ʲôҹü
ҹαƭԼأĶһЦԪشױ˼ŭħһ䡮ġʱһħأɵ㻳ֻһ仰ɰȻ˯ôˣ
λΪ˵̸˵ĵطôͻȻȳҹ֮ء
ҹȻתĿ罣ĪΪͿԳңǵ鱻ûżֻҪ˳û˿סңұҲҪ˳ˡ
˶ɫһ䣬漴ҹڸıˣ


742 
λûֻΪĳЩ飬ǲòվˣҲᣬǱʲôΪЩڱ˻ãǣһĲֵҹγҹָڵĨ
Ǹ߸ϣ֮ӣŵĽһ洫ʦ֣Ǵʧܣӿ𣬴֪ʲôۣΪǴܹˣͨкý
ңǡǡ⣬ǿûıûǿΪǵһƬͷϣһţѾǶĪĶͣƫƫֻСϣֻƾһССռƣǵӡǺҺ޵ÿ춼˯ţҹбָ£ỮżӲʯ棬ĦĻȴʵצֻҪǲҪҵ·ҪҵǣҪҵѨұ԰ҵСϣλల¡
ֻҵѣΪΪҸҲ޹ʹǻΪҵʱӦø߸˵ӣһ䣬ĵ£ұңֻϧҲһֻʶʱСϣ˭ҵĶҶ᲻ϧǣԼҲҧ¶Է⡣
ұΪ֮ǰ飬վ͵һЩҰһʱ䣬һǸ߹ǵģҹ̧ͷĿ⾼񣬡׼ˣ˵ĻǴȥҲ޹ʹҲǵ鷳ɷĻûƾǼˣܲɱң
ֻƾһССĽ𵤾ûŵĻƤţ޴½Ͳ֪ɱ˶ٴΡ䳰Ц
ôҹЦ޴½Ӻ㳤ϳԹŵĴ֮⣬мų𣿲żҼȻ˵Ѿ׼øһսλ񾳣λ۷壬Ȼ˲ʣҲŭ⣬һսɣ
ǣҹٵ˭
仰мɱЩոջڽɱҹʿǣһѻȸ
ոյȷǱĴЩħ˿ȥҹԾ˭Ҳûôĵӡ
Ҫ˳
ѡһ׹һ뿪żһֵĵطȥˡ
һ취׷׸Ч¡
Щָţǹҹڻң˿̶ܵһһ졣
ҲΪǵһʶĳȥҹɱˣԼĺ棬źܶԼǿĻȸǳԲΪʲô簲ģ
Ǹɱļһֲ죡
˵˼һŮӵףñһǿµһŮ˵ͶҹĻ˵ȷЩɶ飬
ȿȣԼ£ĲҹģҲԼģȻԼģ˭ģ
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ΪһӮ𣿡мŭ⣬ҹǾһս˭Ҳ˳Σ
Ҳһ𣿡ĶͻȻڵ
ǲҪʲôͻ䵭Ȼ˵ʹ߲Ҫ롣
ĸˣ񾳣Ҫһ𵤾˾һսȴ˵˲Ҫ𣿡ĶЦ˷̣Ǵ֮ǰȻҹѣ
Ǿݹ²ˣҲǰ񾳣ν񾳣ҲûʲôøС
ȻĶĶлڣŮ˾Ȼ˿ΪԼҹ׵úܽ̵ġ
ˡ
һ͸գյ۾޷
Ķ˳ż
ԶȴżΥ
УżߡĶ󼱣ҹһӦˣζ̫ˡ
ǸȻĽͣâжȻһǿĶɿƵУת֮䣬ǹâʧˡ
һĻȻ˭û뵽ҹҲ΢΢Ծ
ż֮У˾ȻֱӽĶߣɼʩˣѾޱϤطӿռһˡ
Ȼ϶һޣҲĶ̽żı仯ֱһ۹ȥҲͿʲô֪ˡ
ҹ㻹ʲô𣿡ͻȻЦǰһֱű˵ѣŵѾԪˣԹ˲Ͼ˿ҲʮҪ㣬ϧͨǵ˴ߣעء
ô˵ǺĽһɱһˣҹϷʰŶԷĺôǣԼʵòŵٻΪҲһǿĿɽˣģϲˣȻûôˬȴòȵ˸мľҵʵ̫ʺϵˡ
ߣҹＤңΪⲽأǻʲôһһԾ𣿼ȻҪɱ㣬Ӧٶȣһϣּһӡ
ҲҪԷǽнУָͲ䵱ǽˣȻټҲûôҹЦ
Ȼٲڣֿ֪֮棬ͲҹĶ֡
Ʒ֮䣬Χ𣬰ҹΧסΨܳΧ
ԡˣҲ̳֣ʱɽʯƮɣӡƬռӡˮйͨ
֣㻹֣ͻȻȵ
ʵѾˣҹȻְֳҹݺնȥ
ǴһĵطȻȻҫ۵ĹâסҹһǱ
˶һ˭Ҳû뵽һôķ
֮裬ǧɣ뽣˵ľѪ֮󣬽仯޳ѽ޵ĳ̶ʱԱ
ҹʶ֮ˣָոշһǻ³Կ
ĳŵıϣҲֳ˼ְȻұѰ޴½ȴҲһʺҵ齣δ뵽ҷ֮ʱȻһżеõ޳˽ҹ貨нķϣڽҿһ·
ҹЦֻʣĸˣҪϷνͼƻЩɢ޵ĽڣĪΪȡˣ˿ĪۣȻҪǾʹʹش򣬾ƾһν˽Ҫɱң»ôף
˵ţҹٴλӵ׵ơ


743 
ϵһҹһնеϡ
ҹ磬ÿһһ֮ڿпԿʱֵĻ𻨡
վԶ˫֣Ʈɣȥʮ
ȻʱɫȴԽԽҹÿһҵڣȵǣǰֻΪԷܲ׽ɺȻ֣Էÿһնͬһϣ֮ȻбնƵķա

һ޴Ľɫ裬ͷȻſһڽɫϢҹ
ڸֶŵҹ֪һƵģ
ҹֱָܹϢͬʱڽ۾ϡ

һ죬žҪѶĤ˺ѵĴ̶лĽƺʲôиˡ
˫ͨ죬ĿͣӭģһʮְϧĽ뽣ֻǴ˿ȴȻ𣬶һʮص𡪡˴ӽм䣬϶롣
һ˵裡
ǶԷһ仰û˵ͼȥˣѸղŵи¶ô裡
ȻΣ׵֮ȴȻ޴Σģ貨ڵĵһ洫ҸһԼ˳ǼұطһΪҹնƽ뽣֮󣬻һ㡣
ҹǡǡĽ棬ཻҹ޴Ԫ÷˶ȥȴҲͬʱ΢΢˼£ܲ˸ոյĶԻ
֣ܽܣԺĻкĿԳ貨ڵĵһ洫ĵɫ֣Ȼ˴Χ㣬Ӱ죬ڣȴҪȫԸˣԲ޵˽ҹҶҪĵǿҵĽ
䡭
˵ʱ䣬ҹѾһ޴ӡݺݰ˵ص֮£Ǵ棬ҲٶȱӣϵĶᱻ޾Ԩ֮УҲûĻᡣ
ȻһвǾԵģڣһڹ⽫ӻκζ޷ӽľ޴ͨȻڳһӰǸͨӡȥҹ
׼Ҳ֪ҹô׾ͱɱģӡָһҹķ
ҹתܿʱӡһգҹݺӡС
ҹΪڻ񾳵ǰϴʸ𣿡վԿУ¶һı
ҴδԼ˭ǰԲһͬģҲ˭ǰҹ̧ͷҹͨӡϵͬʱһʶ֮۶ɵľٿ
䱾ΪսѶҹٴԼͨӳ
ҹķǼԹͷħҲϣƺʲô̵Ļˡ
ʱʶͻȻһǻûеǰʶѾ޴ѹˡ
ôǿʶ֮
һ澪һȫӦԣʶĹ죬ҲܵģֻҪԷ˲Լʶûʲô˵顣
Ҷڻ˵ȫ֮ͨ赲ʶ
ȻȫĨɱһʶʱ֮ǰһͨӡȻȻ顣
ţҪ׽ǵʶʱ򣬻ҲͻȻʧˣȻǱҹ˻ȥ
ӦöõġҹЦ
ŭӣӡ䳱һҹǵضȥ
ء
ͻȻʶһȻʶ֮УȻһͷѪǣȴǸոһʶȴʲô
Ϊʶķʹ࣬ӡޣҲ˲ȥˡ
ʱҲáҹһЦ
ɣȡ
һɽʱ䣬㾡ȫʩչͨҪҹѹ·
ҹ̧ͷҲܵǴɽѹǺ޾ɫһ壬֮ûԱӴڣӭɽȥ

һҹûнҹ׳˵һ
ҹʴ֮ĺڰԪһѾĵһ㣬Ӵɽײɽ涥˳ȥ
۵һҹھɽְֳۣ֮ҹϢնȥ
ɽҹ֮󣬺Ѿ绯ǧ꣬Ȼһ·ֳ룬ʯ顣
ʯͷҹҹ磬һɫУʯԹȥ
һжڵʯ֮䣬Ҳû뵽ҹ͸ɽû뵽ɽˣȻû뵽ľɽ֮󣬻ᳯѹ
һʱʯеش˸кֺ֮дѹϣγһܽʯͷء

ӡһ䣬ҲȥμؼĹâҪѽڻһ㡣
һ񾳣úõԼͨҪұȽҪ֪ͨΪΪǿ󣬵ȴΪ޵УΪҸߣȴδأҹǵֱӵĹâ˿ûоȵ˼
֮ǰԸ񾳻û̫İգڣƺѾˡ
˵棬˿ҹӰ죬ֻ֪ǿ㣬ɱ㣬Ҫģģ޹ء
ˣøȫ޹أͲشôһϻֻĽɱңشˣ˵ҹվԭأʮ侲˵
ιȻ˵һǰƣʥһĹԣҹƽ
Ȼ鲢ûôףһ֮ȷǴƣ˲ȡҹʵȴûܽӽҹֺ
ÿǰһߣ㷢ҹѾԶһ֮ң׷ӣ⾹ȻǾþûзһ㣬ҹܱ˵
ģ̾ʶԼʲô
һҹ貨ʱùǽ֣Ķ޷ϳʲôͨ
ʱҲԶûҹĽֻһû뵽ǳڵһ㣬ɿشﵽ󲻵ĸ߶ȡ
ȻҲиޣжٿռӦãʹ˵ұ㿴ӵ˶á
˵öԣӲ˶ãΪóľֻΪ𣿡ҹЦţӰͻȻˡ
һٳֵʱѾĶ棬ҹٿȻ̳׵â䣬ֱȡʺ
ȻϮȻЩ׼ҲԵЩǱοĽ뽣ϣʮȥɣҪҹ⣬ǲܵġ
ļ֮£ҲֻǿһЩڶŮ޵
ҪȡʱҹȴѾָʶܴˡ
ݵò񣡡Ķʱ޹⣬ѾʮСĵӦԣҹȴĽࡣ
ԷһģȻܴﵽ̶ֳȣԼһأ
ЩԸȥĴ𰸣ɴذһնȥ


744 龳˽
ʤеͨȻľһܳ־ãĲҪ־ãֻҪڼ֮Уѹҹռ䣬öֱ޿ɱܣԼĽ£Ǳʤͨ
â糱ˮƿûһУʵеһжĵƿ֮УҪĶһҲʣ£Ҫµ˺һҲˡ
Ȼ⿴עֵʱ̣ҹͻȻٴζˣúɣ·ֻһͻеơ
ˣԭҪµģܶ⽣𣬶ҪɱˣȴܿܳΪҴ֮һ
Ҳ⾪תˣԼĸоȻ֪ҹģȴǵһʱסʽ
ǿŤתͨȻǻḶ޴Ĵۣһնɱڴ䣬붼һζ㲻ѡ
ʱ˵ֻǸһԸҹֻһɱ䣬˭ţ
ŶҲ˻ţҪˣ᲻һԼ
ҹǺ̻貨ںҪͬʱصľŽʦԼΣʱ̣ȻҪɱҹⲻǳ
˵ںɽ˵ģ貨ٴκҲһԹ֣䶼ˣںôܸ貨ںڻƴǾѾҪгú˵Ƣˡ
ա
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ޣһеͨڽϣģսģշ磬޵ߡ
貨ڱר޽ȴڻԵɺ֮£õϵĽ֮ͨҲԽΪ
ոһȻչΪ޵ʱˣ˧ΪĽ뽣֪Ҫ˼¥
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ô御ˣƫƫƺûȻ׷Ž

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ҹˣվߣȥǺһ׷𽣹ͬ飬ʱĶȴһͬӦģΪֻóһ׵絶Ӳնȥ
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д֪ѾΪν֮ͨͼջءֻԷĽתζЩ˵
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ĽͨѾ˻ôỹڼл䣿
󣡡ĺ֮ǰĹô£һжҹĹѣսյѾ죬ȴһͨתΪҹˡ
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ʱҹ£ƺҲûио¡ż֮һڷٵţЩĿ꣬龳
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֮ǰĴܣȻܴ򿪿ռֱͨӽĶץߣҹҲµһ˵ʵǱ㳤ϻҪҲż֮УֻٶȣĶߣͿ뵽ż棬Բδ߽ˡ
ҹܸ֪㳤ϵķȻҲܸ֪˵ʱ򣬶ûš
㳤ϵķڷٵȼţ֪ԼֽǿһǳӵĽͨţֽżߵŭ𣬾ǲٴһˡ
ΪˣȻȻط֮ȼΪҵ
龳龳Ҷ֪жôֲ
һ̣ҹûκ롣
ǰͼӲӣЩͬһ
ҹΨһҲƴģӣķӵ˼޵
ҹˣż֮ǰϷȻԱ£㳤΢̾һȷ˹ϷԸ˫ϴҲϳԿһΣӲϷָơ


745 
㳤ϰ͸ȼŻ棬ޱȹʽҹ׷ȥȥһβ͵ǣȥƾҹҪ졣
ҹ죬ıˣ˿ȫԭأֻܾصȴ㳤Ǹȼյ嵽
龳ܿ⣬˵ȻţϾ޷죡㳤ϵĻѾȼյ޵ӣͻȻ䱬ǿ
ҹܶȥֻؿŶԷԼɱ
ʱͻȻڣŲֿ͸ޱµڡ
˵ò죬Ҳֻ⼸ڣȴ˸о֮صʱǱӳһ㡣
£ҹҲȼ˻棬֮
ֻһ˲䣬ڿ㳤ϸµĽƣΪһ˲䣬ȴķԼʮ
Ȼ⻹ǽΪЯ㳤ϣڳ˹
ϼһȻǷ龳ķȴδҵ࣡
ҹʯ֮Ķȥã׼֮ȼգ谵ҹ֮Уն
䡭
ֻÿ˵Ժ棬ʵڴҿʱȴǼ䰲ģŻֻཻ΢ĺȼ־춯صײ
һ̣һŻȻһ㳹ʧˡһţȴײҡҡλΣ޷ط޴ʯͷţħ֮ڡ
֮δϨ֤ҹûҲֻôһ˲ѡ
޴ʯźҹ˲㱻ĺյƲƺѹ࣬ɫҲһϢʱ䣬֮Ϩ޾ڰ
ɫ԰׵࣬ոմʯͷԣȻЩѺ۵ģбţ˷龳ȴѪ䣬˿̶ʯ֮ڡ
ʱǸʯź沢û˿Ķ˺׵֮⣬ûκǻĶ
ˣĳ
ˣԵ
Ƕԣ˾һ޴ĥҾԸоЩĥ̫ôˣ
أϢһ֮ͻȻʵʯ֮һۣƺʲôĳɣ
żٳǧɣѾ޹ˡ

ĳĳ̣żʿ˳żǧżڹرա
ûȡҲû̫ʧ˵ܻŻܶѾˡ
ۿ޴½ΪһߵҹǸһ˵˼ļһղû߳ż
ҹɼûˣһֶˡ
ʯɽϣɢʱڣ˶ɽȤˣһǧżٴοҲѡʯɽΪڡ
ʯݣƮ壬Ÿ־ɸϡ
ƮȻڹţоԶЩû˶עţʯݣҲ㲻öĴˡ
λɢϣȴκһλ£˿ŵһŵŮӡ
Ϊʦ˵ʺĹȥļ䣬˵ֻһУͻԼõǰ̡־Ȼͣһֲɿܵ
ʦ˵߱ҪնȻնѣȻҪնֻһζʦķӡ˵ֺնĻ̣́ͷĿƽͬҲᶨɸı䣬ʦ⿪ҼķӡΪЩӦնȻ߾ܣնֻˣſԴﵽʦ˵ľ硣
־һ˿ãӳô˵ڻΪʦô
Ӳң۾װһˮ˵Щʱһ˿ûҪնȥʦȫ
ܺã־΢һüͷѸپͻָԼնʮֿɹ󣬵Ϊ̫ǳɾͻ֮ա
ʦȫ϶ԷĻûնԶ᲻񾳣϶ҲңңڣȻˣΪʲôն
־ǿѹǱƽ֮ΪʦΪ⿪ӡʱƽһ֮Ȼ
Ӳ޸ʦ֣ʦջسȻ̧ͷ۾Ȼû˿Ĳ˵Ļ㲻ɽ塣
ʦã˵ʲôƽּǰ˫ĿԲʵ
Ҳ޸ʦ֡ظһ顣
ΪʲôƽֺΪô࣬㾹Ȼһ䲻޸Ҿˣ
ΪҲϲʦ֣ƽػش𣬡Ҿڵļ䣬ʦֲûΪʲô
ҡƽ벻شҪȴһʱҲҲɡ
⣬ΪʦĻҲ𣿡־ʶ̬Щˡ
ƽɵֻѱСèͽܣȥһż֮󣬾ȻҪƿˣòóʦ
ʦ˵ҵ츳ʣʺĹȴ˵Ҹʦ飬ն֮䱾㣵ģӲ֪һⲢûв˵Щʱ򣬺ѯʣںܶҪˡ
־صڷϣҲʦĻеʱΪǳȻףгһգػʦĿģ㻹ףھȥչذɣֱΪֹ
ͷĬһ£Ȼ󻺻̧𣺡ʵֻҪ֤ʵһҵƲ⣬ڿһж˵һ
˵ʲô־ɰв
ԭǸӣһ˵ʲôŻԵĶԲԣƽŭɶ޲̾õɱҹ
ҲֻѣҹҲû¡
ƽ֣˵˭־ɻʵ
Ǹĸ״˵ˣ֮ǰͿüۣ϶Ǻˣһʦõò֪䲻ȫԲŹ˵˺ܶƻʦõĻƽֺ޺޵
־¶ãΪ飬ڴʯɽ֮󣬾Ȼû˸
ȴȻƽûи˵ܶ࣬ȴԲµϤңȻϤҵһˣҪʦָϤңǲǣ
⣬ǰ֮ʶҲеģʹ˵ʦָʺ㣬Ǳ˱˵Ĺƻˡ־ɳ
ûܵ˵Ĺƻ󣬵ǿģٴ־ɵ۾ʵѾ֪ʧȥμ֮ǰʦҵʦҲƮĵӣʦֵĻԼʦĶѡ
־һнķӦ֮ǰҲԤģÿ˶ԼĴǰɻҲģԷȷһƽ˵ȴִǿʣû뵽ġ
Ϊһҥԣ㿪ʼΪʦ˸壬Ϊʦʹģȥչȥɣ־ɼðߡ
ֲѾͷ˳Ϊӡ˼֮󣬻һֱô˳ȥ˭뵽ûдﵽԼҪ󣬱㿪ʼѲ
˫۾ƺһ۾ͿԿ͸ܶණ⻯񾳶ᱻԷһ
Ϊ֮ƣֻȽסİ취


746 Ż
վȥһţ⻳ʦʵȷˣ±˲˵ҲѾˣڼķӡԼҲԽ⿪֮ǰʦֻҪȷе뷨ѡ
վס־ڱŭˡ
ͣ½ŲתȥʦʲôԸ
㻹ʦ־ʵ
Ȼ֮ǰļ䱻ӡʱ֮ʹнһΪһָ˼䣬Ҳҵʦƽ
Ȼ֪ʦ֮Ҳ֪Ҵ㲻Ǿƽ飬֮ұָļ䡣־ºһЩƺҪȰԷ
ԲʦҲܴӦ㣬ӡļ䣬ԼԻָҲοҲΪǿΪ
㻹ҪǸѾˣǸż棬żڶѾرգҲûĿܣƽֶ񶾵ͻȻʲôףæֱºһЩ˵̰ͼòҸһʵ⡣
ʦ֣ǻǷ㲢ûйϵˣҲıʵЩֵƽ֣ἰ̰ͼҵò֪ߵÿһŮӶҸƯҲ˵ʵǲǷӡҵļ䣬طıҵò𣿡
ûû飬ֱ췽ҹ̷ƽֶԷ۾
ȷˣûĻش𣬶̾͸ԼжϣСõûҵòҹҲǣǿʲôӣǶϵңʦֿҲˡ
ҿеĲòƽִ粵
֪ҵ츳йأ۾ȻܴûһʵӣȻʦҲһֱҸףŵָ֮ҵΪΪʱõҪõһУҲûٸıĻᡣ
־ڵվΪѡĻ𣿼ȻʦĻȻΪʦѵҪʦŲɣ
ǲɫʦôͨǿʦֳʦӦ֪ΪΪѾûʲôңȴ޷
ԸҲϴӦ־ˮ벻ʦͽ֮顣
ʦԸҲҪҴӦҵʦͽ֮飿ⷴʵ
־ɴڵϬ罣ÿһ仰ֱָҪҪǰȥŪǲܵˡ
㣬㣬Ϊʲô㲻ҪҵˣҺϲģҵòãͻȻһСŮȿ޵
ʦãʦΪò࣬ŴϲҲĸ㵱˺𣿡ƽǰŮ˵
ϲʵϲҡһ仰˵꣬˶Ūˡ
˵ʲôƽܻʦȥһżǱǸҰ˸û궼ûˣϲҲҪһ𣿡
ߵӣϲҲ޵øһڵĳҲסʼλ۰ĵָ
ϲμʱҾͷӶĺ⣬Ҳ֪ȫȻûǵָһ㣬ԹԵ˵ţ󣬵ȴڳ̾ͰֵǣңȴװǺϲҵӣҵʱΪԼĸʦлԼֻҪպҴϲãĽҡ
֮б쳣˶ھĽ
ΪϲĸţһĸףȻЩƽæ͡
üֹҳΪĸףȴϲһںңһڼҳΪĸףƽ֣òϲĸײûֻǱǲǸֻҪҼ޸֮ĸ׾ͻŻǳңֲòװźܿģĸ׵ӡ
СŮͻȻֹͣ˿ƺǸоôݣҲùԷˡ
Ȼ޸ʦ֣Ʈ壬Ʈӣгһգҳɾͷ龳ҲȻỤƮһʢ˥ʦҪٱҡŸƽһ
ꡭ
־ǰһƻ飺⣬һ飬ǲϣ
̧ͷһԲκ˶ó̬ȼޱȣûκζԸı䡣
ɲ㣡־ʱƱɫڱ㲻ʦƮ˥ϡ
쫷֮£ⳤȹǱ죬Ȼ۾ȴƽⲻʦǵһڣȻʦҪҵ츳ʣƮϵڶ࣬ΪηҪѡѾɻʦ֣һҪµһУʦ츳ʶãҲѣżиĻԵҲûеõΪʱʦһҪƮ˥ʦֵϣ
ţƮڳ϶һҲЩɫ
ⱻӡ飬ĳȻ֪ģҹڻԼļƻҲ֪ܲ
ǰûʣԸɸȥȷ˵ȻҪǸ֣ΪʲôѡһӺʵѡ
˵ƽʸߣǹҲˣƫƫƽָ涼ʮͨɲôҲɰ
ЩҲģֻҪõһѣ̾˿ʦȫ
У
һϺȣڳ˶һ˵ǴϲӺһҪ˵ţȻѾ޷ڣôƽһ£ǷҪҽһ£
ܳϣҪҽʲô־ɶ񶾵ؿһۡ
ǱҪô˵ˣϲӺȥ⣬ȻƮӡļ䣬ǵĲ֮Ҳǵ洫ӶԴûп㣬ȻԼƮӣǾ͸ΪƮʦʲôƮ飬ҲҪʵԸ棬ģҺһڳΪ־ɲҽô
ԲϣⲢ֪ʲôȴԷ顣
ոյĻҿ֪Ȼܶ㲢ûۿƶȴһʧԲոƶϵʲôҲӺ֤ȻƮ壬£ҲκγϵӵЮƣûκ˸Ը飬ΣӺŵ
ԥˣԣǷǳջġ
ʵδҪ뿪Ʈ壬мһһεʯɽûȥĵطֻҪûٸǿԼЩϲ飬ԸһƮӡ
ͽʦ棬Ż־ɿ촽΢΢һԷ˵Ѿƻ
ѵҪɱ𣿡Ӻ͵ǰ˫ﵽ棬һȽм䡣
ͽʦΥ棬Ļʲôģ־ﶼɱ⣬סһʱҲ޷ͻƣֻｩš
ҿδأֻŵ˽̫أӺ۾ѵʲô˵ô


747 
⣬ѵ㻹λʦոҪɱ𣿡ӺתͷȥΪڸıоѾֶΣ˵ʲô۰ͽܣʵ츳ʣﵽɸ˵ĿģѵҪΪڸǣʵ˵ô
ԥһ£ջ˵ܳϣûʲô˵ģֻźͳ׼뿪Ʈ壬ԴٲҲƮκ顣
Ҳ֪ոո־Ҫɱյʦͽϣ׿ڰѶԷͣЩĲ̡
⣬ΪžͻŹ𣿡Ӻüʵ˵׼뿪Ǹ־ɻԲ뿪ǲ֪һܵġ
ⲻ˵ֻ־ɡ
Ӻŭ־ɣȻⲻϿڣոյĻҶ˼Ѿúףӡļ䣬޷ǾרΪƽֶѣƽͨıҲһ㣬ƫƫҪΪ̳츳ʺôˣΪƽӣ
һɺԣ־ɫ䣬Щһ˵¼ƽϢȥҲĨ۵ˣƽ³ʦʦֵӣ˺Ƕʦֲ
ߣʦֲŶԣӺЦֻ۾湴ƽ֣ƽ³ʦõ٣ȴʦֵӣ³ʦ˽ͨµӣˣĺôĻǵƽƽ˼̳УΪ˻ɱƽԭӣΪЩû֪𣿡
ܳϣ㲻Ҫſڴƻƣ˵Щһ֤ûУ־ǿ򶨵
֤ݣȻ˿ȴҲʾúܺãʦƽֵҲȷǺҵʲô֤ˣӺЦҿԷħģ֤˵٣аԣ׺ģ֮أţʦ֣𣿡
֣Ҹ־ԴӽƮһΪ龫ǣһħľҪ֤ô־ɴŭ޿ɶֹŭڵĶɢˤ
ȻΪʲôҷħģӺͱ˵ƮλȫڴˣҲӺ˵ÿһ仰Щҿ˲֮󣬲Ż˵һɣΪƽֲʦ¶Żʦʹɱ֣
ʲô
ʵǺţ
³˽ͨѾ죬ǳɱʦ֣ǿǡ
϶˽һʱЩҡ
ƽ֮ǰʢ˵ر⣬ȴһٲ˵ӣϲǴ֣׷ǲѾˡ
뵱Ʈ廹ûǣʦָһָ洫ӣƮķþޱȣһΪѴﵽڣûз⣬϶ǵ֮֮ѡӺ˵ǾʱȴͻȻ⣬ʦһˣͬʦֶ֤ʵǱһСɵĵɱʣһΪĵӶûˣΪǿߵʦȴˣֻ飬˭ţ
ΪʦֱǲŵɵħצΪǿߵĴʦ֣Լɵĵӱɱ𣿡־ɴ粵ţοʦҲ֪˵ˡһ۾֪©ٳʦŹңҳΪε𣿡
Ϊʾúã³ʦöڣ˵ʲôʦֳ֮ǰʱ⣬ʦŻǵĹӺߣҲԴŲɣǳε飬ҷٰıΪƽƣΪ˲ϧɱԽΣʦΪߣǰѾ߻ħóȻУ
˻һȷǺܶ೤ϿɣΪʦ֣ȷ֮Ϊ˫ȫģ⣬ѾصӰʵóȻǲΪԼǣҲҪΪŴĵǿǰ
ͬеУֻһǻ񾳣ҪɱʦҲ׵飬м䲻֪ʲôıɱּĳСΪƮĸСɸƮ壿Ӻֻ۾Ҫð˵ʱʦΪ˲ӣҲ˵˰ɣӿɵǣʦͬеˣһȺˣһ֮УţǷΪҶʮΣԲŻô޼ɵ
⡭
̫ˣĻ
һ־ɣոһȻûʵڵ֤ݣȷǴɵ㣬Ϊ±ѹȥҸԺĽͣԴҶû̫ȥЩϸڣڿȴǱ־ɸŪˡ
λϣܳϲҪõҵ֮λѣΪ˾Ȼҥԣ־ɴȻܳϣ֮λҿ˳ȴ˵õ
Ҳ˵𣿡ӺЦҪ֤ʵһУҲûа취ֻҪһƽǲĶӣһоͶˡ
־ɫ䣬ƽָǿ첽Ҫߣȴͱ˵סŶˡ
ȻӺȥͻȻѣʵȴ׼ġ
ƽ֣ʲô˵ģӺץƽָ֣ʵ
⡭ⶼĸ飬޹أֻǺ֪ѣʲôҲ֪ƽ־ŵؽе
־ɣ㻹ʲô˵Ӻ⣬»Ҫл㣬Ʈ壬ǻᱻ־һֱɱȥ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴ־Ѿһƻ
ͽྭӪһУ벻ϣ
ħ˲ϣһҵÿռһű־ɵͨһ
һ̣ǱõɳȥѪ
ֻǽ𵤾ѣħٵĲٿҲô˲䷴ӦѾҪļˣҪʤȴǲ̫ܡ
־ҲһûӰ죬ħһ֮ʶҲ˲Ļ㱡
һ˲䣬Ӻͼλͬʱ֣֮ͨһȴƫش˶Էϡ
Ʈ޼
־ɵӰͻȻһȻں֮䣬һǱɱΧ
ЩȥϵĹȴϤˣԷһѪû¡
Ʈ䣬־Ʈռػ֮ӺͻȻԭе
Ʈ䣬ΪƮŰ׵𣿡־ЦһӰ¶һУûƮ䣬ǲ˭ƮţҲǸʵĿռӶѡ
Ʈ£ӺҲףƮ䲻ֻŵźǿķʧȥˣȷ̫ʧ
⣬Ȼһж㣬Ϸ֮ǰȻ˵־ĿȫԹޡ
ɱǲǴӦ


748 ر֮
ڸ־ɻûüٳһƵʱŮӷ룬һٽһСǧ
ڻ񾳿Ǻǿ󣬵һ谭־Ҫȥնɱ⣬ȻѾˡ
ӺĳϣȻûǿ󣬵ʵҲСԸ־ٴһΣȴֱȥҪ뿪Ʈˡ
ߵĻҾͰùĶɱӺһЦֲŸ־ɣƽɱȥ
ƽֲܵ˻񾳵һƣ±㱻Է׽ס
־ɹȻͣΣҪһ㣬ȴ޿κΡ
顭
Ӻ־ͣһƻӳƽִˡ
ҡ־ŭɶ
ոջﰵԹƽ־Ȼ֪ߣۿӱɱ޷ܣ֮䣬Լȫʵ
һȻͬСɣӺΪ˲ĵ԰ѶԷû뵽ȻǱˡ
һƵ֣־˫Ŀͨ죬Ԫ۵۷״̬ǧӰӳĿ겻ǲӺȳϣĪСıҲ˲
õæ쾵ͼסһֻͨһɲ֪Լ̫СˣͲܳܵġ
ԡ壬ԭ϶ԳܵɲʶķҲǻǱһ۷Ƶ֮ͨ˲ͿƻȫľԡҲᱻɷ顣
СĬһ㣬ֻƷֱʱشļ棬һ쾵ǽǰǿֲӰ
ǣҸ㲻ݣĽ
ֻһ̣û뵽ƮﾹȻִᷢ¡
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֮жȻһ㣬һѩھӨ֮ȴ͸ŹĺɫһƮŸ־ȥ
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Ǹ־ɾȣŲӺҲǳһ
Ȼ֮ҲкڰԪģһ㶼𵤾ͨڹǰԺڰħʩֱͨҪħ
ʦ貨ڳϣ˵ħˣĪСһ貨ڵƾ𣬡Ҳ貨ڵģҪǴҡǣƽңţƽң
Ľһ仰û˵ɫѩϯһ˺ڼſŸ־ȥͬʱβҲһڣƺҪβл
־һոձƣȻһǴħͨȻһҲЩɲͨĵӣոյǧӰǧһ֮ٴ۳ɹֱħȥ
ӰȻ࣬ȴħǰǿһȥ֮Ҳʮ־޴
ħڷŲţһ߽Ӱһ߸ͼҪ̵־ɵ
־Ҳɣۿһλ֣ȥֻ߲ˣһ֮䣬ƴűħػһ£ҲҪӳƮ岻ɡ
ꡭ
Ϊ㶯Ȼӵʱһħ͸ؿڡ
ħڴʱһβ˦λƮţ㱬촷ۡ
Ϸ򲻻ǡ
ǧ
־ɵԪƮû˵ĻѾĪСס
ܲܲҪɱʵ
Ȼ־ɵѾ򱬣ԪڣҲͻٻϣǶԷĵӣЩġ
УӺȷԣ־ĺǽ£պسɻҲǲŹǵġ
˵굱ȳ֣һ˽Ԫ
ʦû°ɣĪСʱŷ֣ʦһս֮ɫΪá
ûд󰭡Ľ˵
Ȼոյһսʱǳ̣ʤʮɣʵȴˡ
־ɵƮķʮֵλӰͨƮĽ壬Ҳ˵һʤԷֻƴ˵ĴۣҲλסĪСǸͳܲסġ
ΪҲסԷһ̣żʱŸһɱĻᡣ
ĪСʱ֣ټϲӺһæҲô׾ͰһĨɱˡ
λ貨ڵλϣӺҲ񣬡Ʈͥңɱͬʦ֣֮λ飬Һùͳ֣ǻ޷֮ͽɱӺڴ˴Ʈлˡ
ؿĽҡֵ貨Ľ壬ҲΪ˵ӵĺ⣬ȻҲҪЩ
ԭ貨ĽϣӺȻĽΪƮƽңȴԼˣвеЩϺõҩĽһҪƴǣҸ޵ˡ
ܳϲˣĽϵûд󰭣ҪȥһطͻȻڵ
ôУ貨֪̫ʧⲻض˵ĽϵЪϢȥҩ֮Ϊǰھƽӷ硣ܳ˵ţˣһ𵽺ȥϢˡ
⣬ƺﲻ̫ģõڵû֮ʵ
̾˿ԭΪƮȻСɣȴͣڿֻǴǰûпеѣȻ־ɷӡҵļ䣬ĺֲ֮£ҲӦãܳδؾ˵˽жȴΪ֮λܸоҶ֣ζ֣ȴ֪ˡ
ôңĪСȵҺʦô˵Ҳ貨ڵˣɲǴǸģǸŮǽһӣҲҰô
ô˵㹻棬ѱ˼Ȼûлָ䣬Ǵ˿ѾĪСǵԼˣԼεֱǲģʱóħʱЩ⶯ո쾵ֵʱ򣬲ܳϿ϶Ϊ˵Ҳأ
Ŷ˵ĲƵأǻǼ뿪ΪáĽҲǷǡ
ҲǺڰԪ֣ոҲǱΣҪٶȣսپ
ǺڰԪƵƵ޴½貨ڲҲνҪ鷳ġ
λߵȥһǲӺȴûн
ܳʲô˼貨ڵĴ֮Ľʵ
ĪС˵ô貨ڵĳϣ˵ǳϣһ貨ڵĵӣһСɱˣŲʵġ
貨ھԶӼ֮أҲϾ֮һССɸӵġ
Ӻô󵨣ðɵķ
Ǻǣֻһϵջ̫࣬ӺЦ˼ҸոѾĽʱһֱһ˶֪Ƕ߲Ļʲô֪Ʈأ
ҪˣĽһҲɭСĴڣõġ
𣿵ΪΪʳΪƮһҲòðһЩˡӺò¶˾ġ
ǸѾȲҪ˫ˣ


749 Ʈ
ǲӺĶӲݣӶԷҲ˵ȷЩȲ
ĹǱŮ˫ޣʿĺôǲԶģǴ۷壬ܵõĹǱ϶һͣΪ𵤾
պΪǱ˵Ҳ˳Ȼ˭ҪĶ
ʲôӺȴѵĹǱԸҲֻܵöԷɵǱܽŮˣܵõ˳ɵĺôѵеĲࣿ
ǺǣֻҪȵõȻ֪ҵĺôǰ˳ɲڲһ㣬ܵˣɶòˡݼе
ߣ貨ڵģƮôҲϹţﲼµƮ󣬿ɲƵ˵ģǻҲһӺŵ
ܳϣҪѰ·ĽԸӶԻǵҿԴӦ㣬ֻҪ㲻˺κˣҪʲôҶӦ㣬ִⲻȰĻұƮ󡣡
ĽΪɵ˽Կ貨ڵĳϣ鴫ȥƮҲ֮ˣôӳȥӺЦ
ҼȻӦ㣬㲻貨Ϊκ鷳ǲţҿԷħģУĽʵ
˶ԷǴʱ˲ƣұҲóƽ⣬Ĵˣûܱȫˡ
Ľ忴ǻȸԷЭһ£ء
أҲȲףȱס˵Ҳ١
Ӻԥһ£ԱߵĲȴЩǷϻŮҶϲ˵Ǹ׹ݵģҲ֪ƯƯŮӶƯҪǶƮ壬УǸϺҲƯ
죡ӺͻȻ֣ԼĶһƽٰ׳ա
Է貨ڵĳϣ˵жﻹûǲҪ˶ԷΪҲŮ˵ʵһ־ɱǺĽɫ
ɫϵɵӣȻҪ˶ԷҵĴ㣬ⲻǵϣǱϵ϶˰
ĽϣҲ˵ҲӣӿԴߣ澵ӷҪҪħģƮκ˵鷳Һȫ˵һСӺ˵
ܺãĽһȴ̾ͬˣȳ˵˵
ȻǸѾͷƮˣߡӺֽ˵
УõĪСһ˵
ܳϣȰ㻹ǲҪٶ룬ŮӾġĽҲ
ʲôˣҲ֪Լıͽܾ
ҴĻǲô࣬ûĹǱ壬Ƕʲô;Ľѵ벻һ𣿡ӺҲЩΡ
һУʵ׻ΪĹǱڷǴΪ˶һЩôѡ
㲻ףõӱ䣬ҿȷظ㣬常ǴǸͣٲǣǸȻƮһţ
õ΢΢ЩжǲΪ
ǵ㣬Ҫǰ㶪ˣģʱǶõȥ㣬ǻһ飬ôȥأˣȪ·ϲ¹ĪСĵ˵
Ǹ󣿲ӺһͷۣΪһ貨ڣģ˭Ҳ֪ȥʧˣѾʱ֮Ҫҵ˭ɱǣѾ޴Ӳˡ
ǸŮ͸ðˡ
һӵţӱְ
Щ˲ٷųȥˣ貨ڲǵ鷳ǸҲһưոݵģһݣ̾ͳһֺ⡣
ĽĽһ⣬ոõĻȷ׼ԷĿ־壬£ļա
һžѾƮܵˣͬʱǰԼЩ˷ˣܴĻҲûˣǺβƴһѣĲ鲻أ
ֻɱ˵ñ֮ѸٵƮҲֻһɣǹõһĹǱ壬⵹Ǹ⡣
޴½֮󣬾ҪҵһˣҲǺ׵顣

Ӻû˵ڵĿռͻȻ˱仯
ĽŨŨܿǶҲ
Ȼʶ֮Ĵڣ֪˾ߣ۾ȴ
Ʈ𣿡Ľӽ𣬵ħնһۣȴܿͱӿֲˡ
⣬ܴӦҼݶףұŹǣΣӺٴδ
̾ͷǣҿԴӦ㡣
ܣĪСȴµͻȻоʲôԣף
ҪĽΪ󣬿Ƿָ˿ռ䣬ȻǸ֪֮У˴˾ߣʵϣѾŤҪҵԷ൱ѣȴʱ֣ҪСġ
Ǻǣ֪ⷨ˰ɣǲͬ⣬׼һӰɣģƮҲԸӦǵĴˣǿôѶһ£ǲƭǡӺЦ˵ĻǾ޿ܣЩ˵ݶ̫رˣֻҪһСģƮͻᱻһֻܼӱСһЩֻҪݶԹԳףȫȫõĺôұǻعԼԭĵطȥΣʱԼڣҲٸƮΪˡ
㣬ɲɵ£ģĪС
⣬£µһɵӡõҲ֣ص
ҲӦģΪ֪ͬҴӦˣȻɱǣܳϣͲ֪ʲôֻѡ
ԼˣҾֻǿˡӺۿûа취̸ףֻöˡ

ͻȻһƮӿܵʲôӰһ㡣
ǡĽҲþһΡ
õصϹżʱǸ鴫иͨ
Ҷ޷ҵڣƺͨ͸⣬ħҲ˲ͨĽ岻ȵ
˵䣬ƶ֮£Ǻˮһ㣬ϵ𵴣󣬺ңֳƺһеĽ඼ƿˡ
ߣȷˣƮڣССĽ𵤾ƷˣƮҲΪϹˣӺѸٻһӡ
ڷ֮УͻȻһɲƵһѾ޴սݺݳնȥ
顭
ٴشħΪһ£һܾܿҪС
ô㲻ΪƮֻٰɣ֮ͬɥġӺЦ
֮ȷɥ˭


750 Ǻ
˭Ӻһ
Щڷ棬ô˵
ڿ˵ʱ򣬲Ӻ΢΢Ϊֻһ۷壬񾳵ˣȻҲǰˣǲ
ۣҲƯݵ۾ЩֱˣҪҲ
ӺԼôôεĵ
ǸƮܳϣ˴żȻһһ˵ֻ֪ܳʲô˼ҪǸŮʦãһͣ
ǡᣬᣡӺ⡣
ƮȻǶţǽҲҪ棬֣˵Ҳİ
޴½ںĵĵڶŮǴǸĸͽǲ֪Ǿİˡ
𣿡̤ӿ£ܳʦãٸỹûн𣿡
ӺһϣȴͻȻһŰ׹⣬ٿһֻ֣ץȥҲһɡ
˿壬ϵɫȴ˼ŭ⣺ܳϺֶΣҸոѾŻ㱨Ϊܶùһ𣿡
㲻ҲҪ˲֪ӺҲһڡ
֪õ治ھͳ֡
ǵ貨ڵĻ˵һЩ˭Ҳû뵽ȻϾ׷ǺЩֶΣĽ˵Ѱ뷨¶ȵġ
ڵﶼѾ͸ˣ뷴ҲѾˣӺȻ£ȴԱҽ˼Ҫ
ӵȻãӲץһҲǺõġ
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ǷҲǵż֮Уһʶ֮ʹǳĿһ¥Ի񾳵ʱҲ
ӺҲ̾ͷǰ֪Ϊòһ֪λǸĴʦ㣬ɾǺ۸ġ
ҲûдԷٵȥٲܰ׽סĻƮ嶼Ҫ군ˣǿ϶ˡ
һѶŴλ𵤳ϣһ߷˶
ʦߣǲҰôģõ󼱵
Ҳ֪һֱĻӺûʱԸԼЩˣԸһЩʱ䣬ȵǸ˾Ԯ
ǽԼһΣյľء
ȻǴǸĴʦ㣬иһս֮ڲӺûдٹ˼ɴǸ󣬶ƮҲֹһλ񾳣ŽսҲһ˿ôĻ񾳰
ʱõİ취ȻȫʹòӺ˼ɴǸĵٶõô
ҲֻǶģǲӺǴ⣬ҪߣǺܿ⼸ŮӵĽܲҡ
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ŸոձɱˣһڴϲӺȫ֮±ɱģȻϵڵĹǡ
Ǵǰûȫվµģ˿Ҳֻĺ
ǴǸ洫ӺͼɱŮõƮϵӣʱ֣ͣǸŲ׷ֳֺɫ˿̷ԳΪǸʦĺ;ۣͬʱƮϣݲ

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ڶͨһ̱㽫âûȻˣϵĹâȻǺһҫգκεͨ޷֮ԣǲϵǺ֮
е֮ͨϵǹѾȥ˴룬ҲԵö˼ֲ԰ףǴ˿ľǵûήȥһ˫Ŀ֮з֮ɫ
˫ۻƽ죬֮иһöС
塭
ƿ֮𣬵۵ǹɢֻûһŲӺ˵ķϯȥ
һƿصúܺãǰûгֵˣû֮ܵǰ֮ͨϮģǿǺӺƷƬ̼㱻Ʒȥ
ۡ
𵤣ǿߣѪЩ˼
һ۷壬˵ͬ޵ҲˣȻͬʱ񾳣Ҳ̫ô̬ˣ
Ů˶ô̬ò˻ˣ
Ҫողȼǿʩչ˽ֻҪǼȥ֧Ų˼¡ӺڸոһУǱȽģϾΪߣܵʱҲá
˵ĳﶼǰǵϵҲģǳŲ˼£ؼأҲҲŲ˼°ɣԣһ¶Ųȥˡ
ǻڹǴǸĴӣȻƮȵƮʱΪ𣿡ӺȻҲ֪Ǽϵ״ָ̬ǲ̫ˣƮĳϿɲֻ⼸̾ЩԹ۵ĳϺŵˣʲôʱСŽοһΣҪɱǵ洫ӣиŮǾûлõǸԭ𣿡
ЩԹ۵ĳˣﶼһžͰôľҲǵģ֮ǰ־ɵŵʱȻûʲôΪôҲǰȣŸոհ̨ԼûȥأǸִͷΪʲôҪǵ汳
ȴȥ˵ĻòƵȷЩģƮ˶ĳϣ뵽ɱǸֻԲӺһˣҪƮѪϴһǵ⡣
ǲҪҪڽֻͣ˵˼֣һѪȻ˳ϵѸȥ
ոĪͨǿн˼λϵĺһȼһ֮λϻˣʵѾļˣٳһҲͲܡ
᲻ٴȼڵ壬ͳܲȼ
ʱûеʩչȥԼȻ塣
ǿˣֻһڰɱˣһϣȥ汻ǸˣƮȫ֮ʱˡӺһְɣ
֮ͨЩԥĳϣʱҲƵı仯ңһʱв˶ͨ
ƬͨȻЦ


751 ھȥ
ƮȻǳɶţµΪ಻̫ߣһ֮УвٵĻ񾳣ʵ̫ǿҲվǻ񾳡
οڵ״Ͳôһ֣ǲӺһ˶׽Ĩɱˡ
ֻǲӺûţҲȥλǸ洫ӵʵԻѡ˸һ֡

һ󼱴ٵ֮ħ˻ϴֱͬն
һƬ޴Уͬ磬ӵذڷ֮֮еأ׷ɢһƬƬͶѵҲȻƻٲɴ档
ȻפԭأȴӰһĽ壬еħһӰ˸֮䣬ЩӰȻۣһ޴ͨ
طףҲǻ𣬶ֻһˣһߴӰ
źɫۣһͷɢ˫֮ͫ벻ֻҪԸ⣬ضһ֮Զ
ȻӰ˵ȻγɵƿƲܸһʱĸо
䡭
֮ͨѾȴûа㲨ΪеһУǻĺ۵¡
ۡ
һ֮ĽȥеĻҲ𣬺Ǹħһûгֹ
ʦĪСæȥĽס
С߰ɣʦҲˡĽЦһ
Ҫһõŭˡ
е쾵ĵĻ⣬żŭ⣬ֻħ⡣
ҪһĪСĽڵϣõһۣǽ
ҵģӺݺݵһ֣
ڳѾһ֣θӲԥ̧֮䣬ͨѸš
õֳ־ĪСս˶һЦ󣬽һֻǣһ
ɲǼ䣬²Ҫסһڰ
쾵ϣǱ࣬ƣܷУޣδ
ɣһӺ洫
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Ŀ֮䣬⻺һͷ׷ɢ䣬΢΢Ʈš
ɣЦţȻһжΪңһС
⡭õŲϵ⣬һʱʵ˵
㡭ĪСٰ
ѹСҰǣˣѾˣҺܿģҲҪѹ
˵꣬ٴǰȥذȹᶯǰħپƮš
⣬㡭ӺѾϵ˳̶ȵ⣬һʱ֪ŭ
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Ʈ壬һܰĵطǣӦô⾲˵
Ӧôڵ㣬ӺѾܵõĶһʱоһجΣĳ֣ôܼٲһ˼㣬ڹҵ֮ȴһְٵҪɱǣ
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ʮָϵϣʵİɫ
Ҫ⣡õҲ˲ʲô쾵ܵȫ仯ͨ棬Ʈڵķȥ
һߣĪСӰƬƬѩĽʩչͨһ㣬ҪƬض
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޴ĪСõߣ罫ͷֻѾǵơ
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ɱӺ̾˫ﵣոѾ˵ˣŲһˣڲɱûлˣ
ڳһп࣬㵽ûа˼˵ǽһˣŲôĽ첻ʲôãɱžˣҪ飬˵ô鶼û¶ؼ
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ԷһţƵֻȼű̫ţ˵ҹôǱͷӣֱӾϹǻˣ
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ѾǵڼۣҲ֪֮󻹻᲻ۣȻѾˣֻһ·ɱף¶ԷŻŵҹҲֻɱˣ
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ʱҹѾߵ˲Ӻǰ
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Ҳ̫ϲ̵ֶΣĥ켸ҹҹ֮ס˶ԷĲӣھȥɡ


752 Ϊһ
㡭Ӻҹ۵Ĳš
ڸոһַ̣ȴط֣Ϊ񾳵Ȼ޷ٿ֮κͨ޷ʩչ
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񾳣ȻǶҹ̬ǿȣܴﵽΪģôҲ̫ˡ
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Ȼҹ㣬ֽ֮һӣسڵ֮ϣÿһ£涼һĹۡ
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ʵһжǲӺģǶеҪȥһһ١
ҹıˣ뵽֮ǰ˵ģ̫ϲĥˡ仰ǻһ㺮
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ȻһֵľõˣЩΪʵߵģ෴ȴһЩ
⿴ˣҲû˵ЩʲôΪʵȷˣЩ˶ǵһ͸ŲӺֵģǰЩ˷ˣĻʲôҲ˵
ҲҹոŭˣҹʵҪɱӺкַܶȴֶνԷϣ԰ҹȡԷıԴ
֮ǹԺڰԪҪ˲ݵҹҪˣԼһħͷ˭ǸߵˣԼпֶԸ
ڰԪ飬һı֪ˣ᲻ҹ޾鷳⻹ǺܹĵġЩӺĲвڣЩ޽ڲ١ϵı֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻҹˡ
ǰߣϢͻᱻȥ
Щ˺ڻҺĳϣƮ˶΢΢ҺøոԼǵһ͸ųֵģȻҲ³ˡ
˵ֻǱɱвȣΪʿΪʿһûУΪʿҾȥһΪɡ
ҹ˵ţǿɫ¶֮ϣȻƮѩƮɳȥû뵽ÿ˵
ʱҾط֣ԼΪȥһ룬ԭ񾳵Ϊֻп𵤾𵤾Ҳһ롣
֮佫˵Ϊȥһ룬Ƿ龳Ҳδɰɣ
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ȻȥһΪ˭˲ǱЩʵ˲֪ٱ
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ǡڳϵͷпֻ࣬Ƿӡһʱը
˵ΪֻǱӡסˣŬһ⿪⵹Ҳ¿Ҫ׺ܶࡣ
ֻҪʱ䣬ҪʲôٸҹԵͷˣ˵һ֮ԼΪٽһҲ˵ء
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ĽһƣȻ˲һ롣
ҹͳŵҩݸԷ˵һźɫҩԪ޸Ľϵľˣһźɫģɭ޵Ľָ۷״̬ʱΪ㻤ٳ԰ɡ
ɭ޵Ľ嶸һЩţ漴ֿЦһҹǷһ顣
ĽϿˡҹЦЦ
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ааҲϲֲ·ƵĸоҹָǰһУ͵רΪӦаµĺһ
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ţ㡣ҹ˵ָ֮䷺ҵϹ⣬ƲϢ

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˵ǻΪѣȴû˵ںϣ㲻ѽںϵĻôܳΪǿĽأҹЦа֪ڴʲô⣬ұסֲ꣬ܵѽֺ£ҪָɣǾҪúø潣ˣлָĻˡ
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Ҳᷴ㣬ոһֻΪ̽ռʵ֪ǿǿҲ˵㣬ѾҪ㣬ҪҳںϣҪָͻڻҪѰٱаǿʹ˵
ѲҪǲҪǵ⣬ʱȻĽ취˵ᷴңΪ㹻ǿ󣬺Ǻǣа㻹ûΪʲôҪͽںϲɣΪǾ㹻ǿŲҷңҹɫ÷ǳ࣬Ϊ飬ֻ뽣ͬͬ£ûڵǿҲֻøǿȴΪĿǰСͷɣһǿʱҪȴֿҵƿأˮڸԼϾ·𣿡
ҡа˵ᣬ֪⻰ҹţ˵Ҳǰ˵Ͳʲôˡ
һ棬ҲĴ˼ûںϵĻһлѡ϶ԥѶԷ
ˣһѽӡķ䣬Ժֻ֪ˣܳΪˣĻǷ龳ҲȻ޷ѽӦûɣҹ
аǻ࣬Ҳôڸ

һаȴһЩΪ֪ԼҲı䲻˱ӡеˣԼһЩĥ
ŶԣԺúøĽˣ˵㣬һᣬպ󲻸ѡֻҪлᣬһҵʵҹаˣصͷӦ֪ħѪϾһϾɳҪҵʵ̫£ٶС˵Ҫҵ˶Ҫ׵ö࣬ȫʢʱڣҪס
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İɣҹ˵ĻȻŵģȻڻħгһĳɾǸ磬һģοĽˣȻҹѣΪ֮ǶһҹôƭأСڵûеңسŵһ¡
аװ˼ãðɣȻħҳŵҽճ׳Ҳ㲻ó裡
ˡҹͷ΢ЦǾһѽѾֻ꣬ҪһЩ֮ں϶ȱȻǳ֮ߣڽеҲܵõķӣⱾҲкôģպָҲǺõġ
֪аͷ
һӰٴֳһûӾ޴ͷüĴһɫԼӡ
ҹӡ̸⣬룬̫ˣ
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İɣֻҪģһԸաҹŵ
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ƵʷϣٻиԸ뽣Ľ飬Ͼа̶ֳȵޣ˭ԸԼӡΪ˵ĸ
˿аųȻ֪ѡ񣬶õСںҹ˫سŵ֮ȻѡȫΡ
аѽϣﵽĳ̶ȣڽеӣҲﵽ󻯡
֮以ֻܼҲȫǺô׶ڣסа齣һᣬԺҹСڷڣаҲûκΰ취ֻرһλ¡
ÿһλˣƱضϣԼ齣ǿֻ뵽ҪѽųˣаһҲǾԼһ·
ҹֻϿɵˣҲǸƴϿɵˣǻӦҪҹʮ꣬һҹİȫǲģСڰοа˵ҹֻǻ񾳵ΪڵʵѾԸ龳⣬һ㣬ҲҪ˵ĶˣһƷסĻᣬʵǱϣƮ죬κһ˶뾡һа취ֹҹȴᣬǡǡаĳɳȵ㹻ǿʱҹһԸġ
֪СڵĻаһ˿ǣӡаϣôһ죬һٵ
ҹû˵ʲôСȻƽףڹؼʱ̣ǺܿסģԼһ
ȡ˴ӶߵЩ̫𣬿ʼϵؼ
ǵһɽʵҹ̫ûУһжȴʲô⡣
һƵ̫֮ٴα뵽аУԭɱ磬аȻа̫ĽԱڸǣѽºƽȥ˼ŵĸо
ƯһѿҪɵаԵ̾һ
ʱҹҲǻ῿һҪƽˮƽаӡ棬ҲǻᷢŭġС˵
Ҷ⣡а˿̵ż㣬˵ϲãȫû˱ӡʱơ
ԭǸƨ̫ˣôѧ˵ƨɲа飡Сڱӵ
аڽҲ΢΢Σ⽣ȻںƳ£ȴûԸҹ֮ǷѽһܲĵطеʩչѾʮˡ
ϧѽǽԣõģҹڿֻܱ˶ǸһˣаһԶ֪ͷͷ࣬ҲǸĹˡ
ʲôаЩСĵʵǸͷҲһʵ𣿡
ܿͻǵġҹһ
а


757 ˼
һǣһ¥Ժ
СžƺֶžƱһ̲ͣžƣֻ۾ˮֻҪһƵġ
СɡסһۿŮӣס̾˿ҪٺȥˣҪΪôźã
Ʒһƣζޱȣܴһ˿֮ڶѾǽ𵤾ˣ϶ҪȲаСȫȻԼıﵹһ
ôһӣˮȻʪ˽ҲֲˮǾˮ
סһץסƺƷһƾٺãҲǾƣȥҲǻġ
˾ˣСȫᣬѾƺˣƷһԺҲûˣЩΨһҵĶҪȫȹ⣬һ㶼
ס۾һĨģȴֲ֪ô˵ȥ
ͻȻ뵽Լԭ򣬼æŮ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵ҲûдżǾ죬˵ͻȻˣҲǸոյõϢԡ
ǡСһͣ¾ƱץŸ׵ֱʣҹأ
һ֪˵ҲˣڲͣЩˣҲҽƴǳס̾˿̾ĵĶܴҹʵ˵ں֮ϣСӵͷԼֱǰ֮޳ңôأȥҪЦˡ
СɴһᣬȴٴΰѱľƵˣѾˣûг֣ˣ˵׼
ûаѻ˵ȥز²ţҹԼǿͳǸż֮⡣
úúãΪҲסС˵ĻҲһꡣ
ˣҪ̰λϰ壬һˬʵ
ס;С˶͵ػͷֻһһŮˣӽ̤һ֮¡
ҹ˶ǾȵشһЩûǺԼ
λһƷһƺȣӦûɣҹЦ
Ȼû⣬סæ㡭ôʧô죬һѶûУͻȻ֮䡭λǣ
ڲע⵽ҹŮӣȻǺģȫûġ
⣿Сȴ̾뵽Էݡ
СãǰЦЦҹ˵㣬С޴½ϣȤһŮӡ
˵ӦܺȾƵŮӰɣСɰҹһۡ
Ҿ֪⻰ܲµóģȻǾСɡҹ̾š
ǲ˵϶ǸλƯ񻰵㣬һȥɽˮЩ˶²ˣҰװΪ㡭ǵôáС˵ߵǸĸ֣˾ȻҲ֪ͨһҪƴ˵ʲôˣܼ̫ͣ˵ˡ
һֱãĹϵ㲻Ѱɣ治Ѿ൱гĳˣҹЦһã֮һֱΪʵǿǺ˵ˡ
㲻̨Сû
ʵһ˳żҹȷΪĳԭԲż֮Уֱ죬ųɹգǡֳһЩ״е飬һ˵ģǹⲻСôкġ͵
ǰһе鷳֮󣬵һʱλϰкˡҹ
⻹࣡Сɺһ⣬ֻöԷ˼˵ǷݱЩʵ˼ֻܱǿѹˣô£ˣ
Ҳ֪ҲŸոմʯݸϹûüȥ̻ءҹ˵ҲмҪλ벻Ҫһ¥øһЩ
󣿡סûϲ΢΢üͷһ¥Ѿڻݿ˲ٵķֵ꣬Ȼûлǰ˳Ҳ㻹вٵģȻ࣬ÿһⶼʮֺչĪҪݺͲǸ̻ᣬǸҹ㣬ϵĵˣ̻ᶼҪϳοССһ¥أҿûǲҪȥطԽԿıȻǡ
ȥݵĵ涯ǵ棬ȻǵֲЩͷߣҵ˼ǣϺͲİݿʼܱߵСݣƩʯֶȥʣµĵطҲͼҪʮ֮ûȥϺͲݣ˶೯汼ҹʾԼĿġ
ôأôںɽްԣͨСܴģʿ˵Ⱦһ˿طֺ֮µȻʮָˣҪΪôһƣ뿪ںɽıӻ֮أȴЩ̫ˡסϵҡͷ
̻Ҳ𣿡Сȴʵ
˼֮ǰѾ͸¶̻ᣬҲһֱǳչֻҲ֪ڣ᲻ʲô仯ۺ̻ΣⶼҪ飬̻ǲԸҿһС̻ᣬԼһ̻ᣬ֪ǣⲢʲôңɼ飬ֻҪ룬һҹ֣صħͲǰŰΪɽֹħʳʱͽ۶̻ᣬǶǾ¥˵ݶǸΪķչ֮أᣬУһһµʱ
ǲǲҲҪٿһ¥Сʵ滨¥ӻ¥ʲôģ㿪ġ
˵úеҿܻῼǵġҹòصͷǷģ˵Ķһ¥ûռĵط֮⣬ҵĿǵϺͲݣԱ˳ŵģǵһ¥ȥɱ
һ¥ڵľ棬ҲһִģҪٵֻҪеķͣǾƷһƣͨһƣҲȫûˡСڻΪԷ⣬Լҵơ
ţ˵ˣڵһ¥ҵʵ̫ˣһʧˣһ¥Ҳŵùû˴ǰƣ׾ͻᱻ֮ǰ뵽һµİ취ҹЦЦֻҪһƼҾŵùķʦҿԽƷķڸȻЩ鷳չǸİ취
һֱĬľסʱҲЩ̲סˣ˵ҪһƵķ״ǣ
ţ˼ҹˬسǰҪʯʯ˵ѾûôҪǰЩǣҲʡҪô飬ҲǺһСõһһ¥ʲôʱٶһݸᱻҡģȻѡˣһҪɿУǰﲻʲôæġ


758 ĵı仯
סһ󼤶ҹ˵ô᲻֪Ƽҵҵڿ٣ȴһжҹϣҹ뿪ˣ֮ǰż֮Уĳʲô⣬ǾƼеҵҲڼ̵ʱڱ
ǿ˻һС⣬ԼһƣôǾסκһԸ⿴
һݼҵչ鲼ݣޱȻԻ͵飬ǴһСǣӮ˴ĲƸҲԻ˼ȵزġ
ҹַǳþƼƿԼĸԺѸٵظҶïҹֻһֻڰеˡ
סҲһп֮ǰû飬Ҳ͵͵оַûκν
ļ̫ߣֻ̫ӣ֮иɸԭ򣬵Щʦ޷ַҲֻķʦƳɡ
˵ķʦ˭ԸھƼҾ¥棬һֻƵķϣԷҲɱάԼʦϰɣ
ҹ˵һ仰ҲҪѡһַ̳ˣ֮أ
κڵõ֮󣬾ͿԼһ¥ӻ¥滨¥ұضÿһҶػǶջջ֮£ƺÿ˶òɿ
ҿ𣿡ھס޿ٵźѡʱСɿˡ
ûѧϰ֮סҲЩ
˵СɵȻʵѡֻһŮƼҵУضҪŮģȻЩ̫뻯ˡ
ߡһʦŮ
ҹ߸ŵ⣬ĻҪʤһȻԼҵŮûϣİҹƼˣǲ㡣
ٻʽ˵ŮҲһɿһõ˷ֵ֮õ˾ƼҵĲƲٰŮһ߳ô죿ǲߣ̧˭Ҳܲ˰
һͷ۵⣡
ûѧҲûйϵҿΪһμ䣬ٴһʶķȵʶǿһЩѧϰͻӼ򵥣ƾģֻѧһӦǺܿͻաҹȴ֮ϿɵҲϾ뿪ҪھͼһҪѧᣬ㻹ʱأ֮ǰһԡ
⡭СҲΪҹ׼ˣԷԱԼûҪ࣬߶Щ˼ˣðɣ벻ʲôõİ취㣬Ѿ㣬Ҳ̫ҪȥˣֻܴƼңл㣬Ƽҳŵȫ֧İݼƻ
ҹЦȴתͷžסʵϰ˼أ˵͸ЩֻΪ֮ǰһһҪǸһ˻ˮȻҸȻܿе󣬸պķչǱǲһҪһҲԹڵ֮أһеƾԼع˼καء
СŮ˼ҵ˼Ƽվ£ҹЩ壬ǾƼòƺҲͲԸˣס˵֮أ˵ž޴󣬵ҾƼҸӿصģǸִƬµ壬˵ˮ֮ӿȪ֮ҾƼһȪֻб֮ȫˣ
˵ȴҵһЩ˽˶Թ䡢ԵˣҪż֮кңǺЩǻɥһΣֻڱ𣬡ҹ̹ȻƼҪȫңܾܿͻմҵĶԹֻҪȫǵͺãһоͽеҲٷֳɣʲôҪҲ
òһıˣռĻЩˡСЦ
¼ûм˸ռֱˣҲԲմΪȷкܴķգɽڻ䣬ҪɽԣѶȾЩˡҹҲЦЦ
˵ʲôҪɽԣôܣסԾ
ֹһˣ鶼Ԫ̻Ĺӣڵ࣬貨ڵģЩһ٣ҹ˵
⡭ס˵ȫʱҲЩ˴Ǹ֮⣬Ҫ󶼵𣿡
ǰ֪ҹܸ£ڿ¼仹бܸһѾǷǳѲǾѣһɵãͲûˡ
ҲҪԸ󣬻κһ̻ţֻҪԸЩŻ̻ĳˡҹţ֮仹ġ
ǾסȴȻ𣬵Ҳ̫
ڴӣ⣬ھٲҲ棬Ҫӳȥ˳ףѵڻúÿ
ǾͲ˵ˣǿǸ׶ӣǳ仰͵ģҲûȡ
Ҳǰλ࣬ҪôǱ۰ĶӣҪôǱܹעߣҪЩ˶ŪͨͨŻ߼ŷѶҲ߯˵ɣ
Щ˶Ƿɱ𣿡СԳһ£˸ʵ⡣
ҹ̯̯֣ȻΣһҪ˵ܿģΪЩԭ֮ǵĳЩ˵·Ժ󻹻᲻ٵ֮ǲŹңÿεŶԷҵľҵȻҪǰЩ飬֤һҵķˡ
ǺðɣȻƼ˵Ҫȫ֧㣬ĵˣǾƼҵĵˣСȻȻƼҲǺ̻ôǿܰﲻ̫æپƼҵһвҪת̻Ҫö࣬ǻȫ֧ġ
ǾͶлˣҲģ̻ıӦҲвˣڰ֮УоƼҾ¥ģҾú̻䱸һšҹ
ҪƼҪڰ㣬ֻԼһ㣬Ҳȫ̻ҪǿöࡣСɷԵ
ţ˵úܶԡҹ͵ؿ˶ԷһۣǾ˵ˣƷ֮ɡ
˵̧ƣָһâ˿һ㣬û뵽˾Сɵ

һǣ̻ᡣ
ҹϢرܹˣ̻ڲʱֻ˺һˣò˼ʲô
ҹ˽ӽʱһĳķǷ˦˳ҹ֮󣬿ǻˡ
᳤ӣѵ̻ʲô飿ҹֵͻȻһ˼ĵʶûкã
ǵûУæҡֻ֣ѾͷԴӻ֮аһڱչæ̻飬Ҫһ棬ú˵仰ôˣ˵ﲻԣҲŸӵİ
𣿡ҹҲЩɻ󣬡ѵż֮УоԼʵĲ࣬ԲŻҪЩʵ𣿡
Ҳ㣬ܸоûô򵥣һ֮УѾȥ˼Сݣ齨źͷֻᣬȥԼۿ壬ǲֵͣģʱҲƴ
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759 ŪЩ
˵䣬Ȼ棬̶Ѿ߽һ϶Ƿ糾֮ɫǸոմĳңԶĵطϻ
ǡͻȻҹߵ⣬ɫ΢΢һ漴ܿ뵽⣿
ңС㡣΢΢ףżʱһûлָ䣬òҲţû뵽С㻹ϳ
Ϊ񣬸ż֮һģһҹȥ
ǴģҹʵܸоЩԣһָоЩط岻ԡ
ӣǸոմԪݣɫݣһݣݻģķֻͱˣѾ׵ˡӿ˵
ô𣿡ҲţȻ֮ٲ˳٣һռݵشУվǳõ飬չҪȹˣиķչǷһЩŲͼ֮Ҳѷǵͼ
ףһǲͬģǱҪٶȽݵķֻᷢչȻ⵽ںɽӣԪͺ鶼̻ᣬǾ͸ӲܻǰȵطչˣǲѰ֮صص㣬ҲúͼıģʱǺСͻỨǲٵƻԶȽҪ׵ö࣬ԷţҪ̻ᣬǼֱǳ׵ƣһаѰ£ȵǷʱȻ޷ô࣬ǵʤŸһЩг
һ£ҲúĵĻЩǲ翪չǽٵѣܿǳϵľ޴
ڴǰʱ򣬺̻ȥݵķֻᣬֻ̻ᵱһЦںɽҲͲᣬżҹһս֮Ѿҹ˵ìܣƵһӼҵĳ̶ȡ
Ⲣҹ֮ìܣڿҹìܵ⼸ˣǿĳЩ
ǲҪŶ룬ֻҪ̻ҹǲۺ̻ʲôֻҪƻˡ
㲻ҪôҹȰںɽǳְݵ飬Ȼŵע⣬һΪҪԼΧСҲԼİͼ֮Уǲ᲻ģο俴ӦѾˣû֪ĻϢֻҪҲ֣˾ͲôŵضԸǡ
Ϊʱ䣬˲رע⣬ҲŸҪץʱ䷢չΪѸٵģѵΪ𣿡ʵ
ҹҪ˵ʲôȴקһ£ҹ̲΢΢˵ͷ˵ȻǶԵģʣʶǷѾȫָˣȫָЩҲ١
ӹģѾȫˣĵһЦרĶԸź̻ʱˣӲ˵Ҫ̻Ϊһ̻𣿡
ðɣǾףǳɹҹ
һɹģŵ

ҹˣĳСݵĽͷŲ˶¿ĺֻ̻ᣬԼҪĵҩֻǴǰ붼Ķһʮӡ
߽ľ¥ҲǱһ¥չֻƲûиԭ֣ľ˲ͣҲ˸¿ֻ֪ͣҾ¥ԭѾϰ塣
ڳľʱһ޲ڣкȹһƵˣ̾;ȵغһ¥ܺȵļ𰡣
Ǿ¥ϰЦǺǵǰͣ˵ԼҵϰѾһ¥Э飬ԺһƬڣר̺ط֮ľƹҲΪһݵɢıơ
һҲȥ¿һҼҾ¥ҶΪһ¥ר֪Щ¥ʵǾƼҵĲҵˡ
ڵʲôأҹﲻ𣿡
һ¥ﵹСɵĶҲΣµǾƼҵĲҵҲȷǿԣһץѱں˵һССľ¥ǿСҲΪǻʲôӰ죬̻Щ̫ڸߵˣȥºܿں̻ͻԺ̻ҹȷЩģЩΣҷֺԴż֮ƺǱһˣ¸ǰͬĻȥƺʲôͷ
չݣԭĴ𣿡ֵʵ
ȷҵĴ㣬ڵĲȷ̫ڸߵˣĹκζݺͲݵˣǶڼź̻ˣȴݺͲݵȣڸڹսԺ̻ڵʵͲڵĶ֣ƶԻӦǺ̻˴Ҳֻ˵Լù㲻ںɽĹ
ҹҡҡͷֻţݵСŶˣǱѣڹǼŵĵӶΪ̣̻ԾĲݼͬʱԼҵ֮£ɵɢ൱ֲģչȥ治֪̻һ⣬һĳ档
̻ᷢչٶ̫죬ԼҲ֪İɣʵ
쵱Ȼ֪Ҳæýͷöⲻһ˾ܲȵùģҹЩˣҲǷչ⣬нϺͲݵˣ治֪жٶڵ̽ӣûкð취ı£ҲѲг⡣
ܳʲôأЦʡ
֮ܶ࣬Ľ̫áҹε
˵ĽʲôЦţʵھƼҵʱ㲻ҲȰǣˣֵʱ򣬿϶ѾǵκεǾƼʧˣֻܿ˻һԼǰһһСǣǾƼַҲԼĸ̾ȫȻ׿ֹǣΪʧˣָڣǿκһС¿ʼ̻ܻҪӺһЩء
˵ǹģҹȵ
Ҳ֪ǲǹģҸоǺҪٶȣҪľ棬ĳЩ̻ӣǱˣҲȫȻ˲ԼĸȻһǣȻԷʩΪĿ⣬ͶϤһУǲ֪еķգֻǿĹƣö֪ķŭҲҪһеˣ̻һƥǣѾʼҪƵöҲòֻҪжлҵԷ
ðɣ˵㣬òϣЩ̫ˣѾһܿƵˣһˣ̻û̫ĲƲʧҲʧܶģһ̻˵Щʵ޼۵ģҹ°ͣǿҲֻǰЩһŪһЩˡ


760 ֮
Ҳ뷨֮һͷ˵
ʲô뷨֮һҹЩԺ
ͬŬøҪҪ㡣
ҹЩЦãѵҲҪһ𣿡
㵱ȻᶮˣǺƯŮӣ˼͸ѲˣһЦҪĲȥǨǺ֮Ĭ֤һ㣬ľЩˡ
ҹҡҡͷðɣˣҾһǨȻ˵ЩƽˣΪܶ鶼ǳģҪҲڰңô˵ƺЩˡ
ǰӦöһģ˵СõҵĽ֣оĪѹܼеҪ֤֮䣬ҲŷǳĬκ˲
СȣҹС˭𣿡
ҹһۣ㲻òϣʱСһ񲡭
ɣҲ˵ˡҹһЦ
СŮӣҲúܿɰŲ㣬Ҫ衣С绤ţ˵ȷֺܹĺг
˵ĶҲĽǲв𣿡ҹ
˼һֲĻ
ҹ˫֣ұ֤ûȥǹġ
һЦͻȻ˵ǻܻصԭ𣿡
ȻֻҪ룬ҵʯͷ֮Ǿͻȥһû˷ֵԴȥԶȥ˼ˡҹͷ
ҵȻȥ۾һҲ֪ôˣûڣҲ֪ôĻزȥˣǻĹҲһҸɡ
Ǻǣɵˣ޴½磬ȺիûɶοǣֻҪҵţ֪ǰǸĳڣǺ׾ܻȥˡҹЦģ赣ǲĸٲҲûκ⣬궼ûйϵ
Сõһȥ𣿡ʵ
ȻŶܻҪʯͷѾֵܹܾĲˣˣΪҲ𵤾ȫĺڿҲֲһֻ˰ɣҹǸδ
ǺðɣǾͿЩЩ˽صǵĵطɣһҹֵ
İɣ޳ˣ޴½ҲҪҹЦŽڻ

̻Ķʮֿ٣£޴½֮İСݵѾ˺̻ķֻᡣ
֮أȻȲڵĵϵһȴһ˭޷ӵĵ̣ݵĵҪ
ǰûҪݵ⣬һûôʵħеʱݶ᲻̫ȫö֮Ҳͳ̻ĵط
Դ˺̻ķֻ֮󣬰ݵ̴䡣
˭˵Сǻڵģڵգʱڵĳǳض֡
ȻЩֻУҲֻǰݵһЩ̻ƵĶƩһԵ¼и߽׵ĵҩ֮࣬Ҳȴǰֻȥݵ̻Ҫǿ˰ٱ
Ҫ֪ǰֻһЩɢС̻ᣬճõĶ򵥵һЩǵ֮⣬ԹһЩģҪܵȥ
̫࣬ҩƷʱЩС̻Ҫãڼ۸ϲȴǰЩС̻ҪˣĵҩҪӱЩ
ٵС̻Ȼȥֱ̻Ӹ沢ˣҲ˺ܶྭӪƶʱյС̻ᣬҲɢǸ˼ַġ
ִ̻չţÿһֻᣬһ֧ţȻڶ࣬ΪʵҲ㲻϶⣬Ÿʮ뱸
ǰʱֻǴݺͲݵˣҹķ֮£ڱ˲۳أѡгǱ˼롣
ⲢûмݺͲݵ飬෴Ϊû֮ǰŴݺͲݵ˱øнȸУΪǲ̻ıţǾζʲôط޷̻ĵҩ
ȻҲѡͨһЩֶ򣬱뵱صʿٸԼʹá
ˣʶʿо˲ٵĳɱеѵˣҲ˼һһѰæ
ؼһ㣬Щҩ¼ǲܴݻݵġ
Ѿҩκεطû⣬ֻҪ˲ݻ֮󣬿϶ᱻƵûκ˳ɹشҲЩҪȥĴС̻żһ㡣
ܹȥݣ϶дˣǼ۸Ըһ㣬ҲҪЩҩʵһ취ûС
ǵҩЩطҲһ߿ԣݺͲݣԲУ
㲻뿴ҩɱĻòҪ˷ʯĳԡ
ڰݵԭס˵Ȼ㲻ʲô飬ǻݼˣҲֻڵǰҪõö࣬ΨݺͲݵ˵ȴʲôˡ
ҪõҩƣֻܳפУһݵɢвٶʼҪٽСȥˡ
ɢǱͻ뵽ǰһϰˣ˵ҲȷǷ˺ܶࡣ
ȴͬˣֻܴԪ̻ͺ鶼̻棬ЩͨĵҩȻƷҲڲó̻ҲŬˣϧôҲкִ̻طĵҩ
ȽϸеɢޣǳǨȥݶвӿ룬ȫΪҩ;¥ԭ
ҩȻʿȱٵĶڴ󲿷˵ҲˣܱߺȾƱ򣬳ɾͽ𵤾ϣǰøҲ˲٣˭ֺ¹ȥ
貨˰ֻ֮ƵЦ
貨˵ȷûʲôӰ죬Ŷݶӵ˵ǶһЩѡҲ˼ѡ
Ǻ̻ĵҩһ¥ƣڼڵľӪǷָ貨ڡ
Ҳ˵ڼݵķΧ֮ڣֻʵ貨ںͺֻṲеġ
ֻԱӪԱɺָ̻Ķ貨ָҲƫ󲿷͸貨ڡ
һ貨ڵǺ̻ڼݵĴ̣ݵǲܵЩõӰ֡
֮ƵģǴǸڵĻݣＸһģһģʽͬǽķֻᣬŸ˴ǸֻһЩ΢ĹӦ롣
ʡĴȫͶ뵽˰ݵ½ֻ֮Унݵ̻Ҫս˼
ҹϵ̫õݣҲּ˺ôĴ̻ĴһʰֱҪһ㣬ԼӦõõĺô󲿷ֶø˱ˡ
Ϊںɽȴסˡ


761 
ݣڴ
ڴ߸ϵϣ·ȴֻһˣǱͽ䡣
ʲôرϢݱһ˴ϲŭ仯
䲢һˣǶԷĵһӣʦ˽ⲻԷʱʱѾ൱Ĳˡ
ǣʦݵɢв뿪СŽɢں̻ΪԹصܳ¡ػشš
н֮岢ûȥ仰αǿѯʽİ취
̻֮ܽһƬ꣬ȫΪ֮ǰҹһֿһ˿طĵҩǵһ¼˴ɢ޹ȥһ¥ҲҹȻ֪֮Щһ¥ĲҵģΪ֮Ӧ뾫ͨϣƽҹƵֶǺ̻㲻ơ룬زţϸؿǹġ
ƽⲻأƽ
ʵϵӲ̫ź̻ỹٷķ˲ٵɢ޹ȥҲֻʹݾڵ̻˲ٵǣûʲôӰ죬̻ὫԼķֻøǸں貨ţѾǭ¿Ѷί뿿ǰ֮ظˣǶЩƶ֮أķչҲµһ̻ͷ˵ȥʦɫ
ȴһԲЩԥ֪òý˵ȥ
ں̻ῴݶˮ𣬿ȴлع֮ⷵ⣬ǽ֮ƣɵһּһ̻̻ᷢƱػ޿ɽ޿˵ξأʱ˾ȻƣҲػָԵΪڲȥᣬʱɡ˵
𣿡ĬƬ̣ͻȻʵ
ɫһͷ̧
ʱȷܴ̻᲻Ƶʱ򣿡Ϸһ˿֮ɫϣԪͺ鶼̻ϣ֪̻ᣬѾҪ߳ˣ
⡭Ķͷ΢΢
»ֻݣݣԪͺ鶼̻ᣬûк̻Ὰ£Ҳ޿ɱٶ˥ţܶɢܵٽİ֮أȥֻĵҩҲԸͽ̻йѾĵҩѾȷҪ뿪ݣѾﵽɢ޵һڳţЩûȷˣҲʱ֮䣬ʱ뿪ĿܣƤ΢̧һ˿ô˵ľâΪΪʦţĶһ֪𣿡
Ӳңͨһ
ΪʧɵɢޣȻʲô˺𣿡ʵˮۣܸۣڵ֮ʵɢ޺Сȫ뿪ݣ˭ܺʮꡢʮ֮ûЩɢСţʧˮԴľҪôٿ֦
һʱԶԣſڣֶԳĬ
˵Ҫ£ֻҪ֮ĳϣǰȥƳͬĵҩ𣿡ʵ
ǣ̹׳ϣʱǵһʱ嶯ҹ˶Թ̻ҲȺҹԹΪʱ̻ĴʱԲŻӣΪ̻ᷭ˭֪ҹȻŪֵҩһʶ¼û̻Ҳʲôᡣ
˵ĻҲеԭƺһЩ֮һȴΪµһССԹʹڣҪķų֮ƣ֮жߣڲ̻ᣬƳֵҩѵҪڳϣ춼ȥΪɢƵҩ𣿡
һ£ǳƳ취ǿЧº̻ڵԪͺ̻ᣬʱĲߣд˷ǿ϶źܺù̻˥䣬дԵͨ˼ʡʦΣһʹڴֻ֮档
΢΢ͷ䣬츳ѣҲˣ֮ģ̻ҹ֮ĹڣҲ˽һ»һַʽ̻ҹ񣬷£ΪãҪסʼ֮һǳȻ̻֮⣬ҹ֮ΪãȻһʱҪҪö࣬պҪƹŵˣǻ˼ЩΪʦ㲻İŽ㡣
֪ˣ̸ף֪˴Σʱˡ
ֻҪһԲؽ̻в֮еĵλʲô⡣
ֻҪŵϳӦò̫⡣
֮ǰһֱûгɹΪ䲻Ҫŵ㳤Ҳһֱڱչ֮УܶõȽޡ
ڲͬˣԷҹǶپ£ҲȻᱻϷֻҪĶƽˣٽ̻ȥʩչһ£ݵ̻ҹݵҲᵽͷˡ
ʣǰСݣǾǸЦܷչˡ
˵ҹȻûż֮һĻϢǷ˴˶ˣǶ㳤µһŽԷǵ֮صʯڡ
˭֪ȻŪҹһֱǴСǿ
ȻΪֹûҹκζȴ֪ż֮жûɱԷֻ֮ᣬֻǲˣҲֻ㳤ϳ֮󣬽ſܳװҹ
˼֮ʱһĨ⣬ּ̧䣬ǵУüͷͻȻһ壬תȥ
ʦ䱻һʱһֻŷ
ָֻ֮ǰĳĬԣֻһӣǵڿбõӰ
ǰŵĻ棬ʱǰҹ޵ġ
ǻ˼ʯҸҹǶγϹħŵӰóǳ״ˮƯˣ͸ܲµԷһŵˣƫƫһ˿Ľңǵȵһˡ
Ӱģʵ
ʵȻܿʵȻҲӰ񣬶ָʵ
ǣҹٰյŵ˵Щʵ仹Ҫʲôȴִˡ
˵ûиħŵ˽Ӵ𣿡ʵУûУ
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Լ˼ɣĿһ˿ϧȴԸı⡣
ʦӴ˾ǡ仹Ҫ硣
Ϊ˴ҹ̻ᣬһһ˵Ȼ㵽ڶףΪڣӦñź̬Գ֣Ǳú´ţгһգ㻹гĻᡣ
ҵϣɷĹһΣ


762 
¶еı飬Ȼ㳤ϵʱҲֻԼˡ
ҿĹ֪һĻƵģ㲻оֵػӦ£ʸ𣿶ʱڣڳ֣Աڵ۵㣬ϴ֮ȥ˻ҵλӣ
㳤ϵöû䶼ΪԷǲٹԼˣʱͻȻٴοڣѾһرϡ
仰֮ǰ˵޹֮ȴ΢΢һ¡
Ƭ֣֮ȥ˼ºдô¡
лʦæлš
ԭĴ㣬Ǵ͵£ٳ֪Ǻˣ㳤һ仰Ȼͱ¡
ʿ˵ֻһζȻϲ
ûͻƣֻһֱ˼ˣⲻһܾǼ㣬Ҳ޷ңմħ֮£ʵĲ֮١
һֻڱչز֮УȴҹıȷһӦģ㳤ϵҲһ˿̾Ϣһᾡأڴ֮ǰŵ֮λ˱仯ҲֻܹԼ˲ˡ
ҹд˵ˣδչأҪŤתҲδؾкõĽǳܹ֮Ȱ䣬ҹΪִĽ֮
ҴδĴߣ㳤֮г˽Щ˲ˣֻҪһһΪֻһЦߣվǸˣδһ̣˭Ҳ޷˵ԼǸˡ
ҹˣķҲ֣һ޹գһֱӽǿķɴҲӦ֪Ųͬ޴½֮󣬲̶̵ʱһ漰ķ꣬ǱƵǲòѩ䣬ɽҲˣҳֵļ඼ߣɼ˵˵ȷ죬֮ܲ棬ǲҪ׽ΪáĻ˼ɵ
νˣҲһڤڤ֮еܣͨһļޣ֮ҹڻԿƷˮΪһֱԼļ֮ڣսſǿȴδǿˣǿߣʲôˣҲֻлһ;㳤ϵƮ죬ȴޱȼᶨҳ֮󣬱ضնɱСӣ޴½Щ
Ҳû˵ʲôΪ㳤ҲҲ˵ʲôˡ
ҹȻΪԷдˣ˵龳ҲԸ˵ĻҲ̫ţɵģ޷ǶǸŶѡ
ûţֻǺܶ˶ȥҹҧˡ
Ȼ㳤ϳ֮󣬻᲻ټɵţҲ˵ˣŵȷƹض㳤ϣҲԲǿСģЩ⣬ڶҪȥˡ

̻ӰڰƵƵ֣ѾһɻȱĶҺ̻ıŷչ֮Ѹ٣ҲеžȲѡ
ں̻ŵ˵ҲǵĶ֣ȻЩΪ㲻̫ߣͨҲѡЩʿΪԵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳġ
ǴǰЩ˶ɢޣһһ̻£ȻһСӵı仯ο仯ٶ֮죬øŶûзӦѾɳ̶ֳˡ
֮ȻҲиŵ̽ӻ룬Ⲣû̫ãǵõЩĵҩһ¼ѡ
Щ̽ӵĻ㱨ͻĻ򵽵¼ЩҪӸ߼һЩ
һЩ̽ӣôŴϢЩ˴ﶼûʲôرĵλ˵ǿп޵Ĵڣź̻ʵһЩ
ΪŵϾǺǿģһ̽ӲûֱѡžѣֻǶŵҪѡ˴󲿷ֵĺӣֵɣ֤Լڲ̫
һ˻һ൱Ⱥ壬ϾЩŵĵӣ˭ҲᱻԵ̽ãɢޣŲΪӣ൱ٵġ
ǺţҴŵĬϣҴŷ̽û̽ʲô£ٵطչ
ںɽҪҵ鷳ʵǺ̻ԶԶģܱߵСݶй֣ǾҪ֣ҲҲᡣ
˵̻Ͽ൱ģһų˼̾뿪ݣκγͻũٺɵ׷ȥ˼ңǿŶҪˡ
ڻҪһЩǸ貨Ҹ̻ᣬ˵Ǹҹõţ϶ֹ
һڻɽ϶վһĽǶȣȻô죬̲ôԼĨڡ
˽һЩƻǵ˲٣Ҳ̻˲ٵ˺ȥŵķջǲСġ˿û˺ŵĻԣɢǸ۵Ҫȥ
Ϊҷ׷׿һǰ;֮ԺŻô鷳ǿ϶˲׳ԽԽӦ׳
ȻҲ˭һ㣬⵽̶ֳȵģǾ˼ˣ˵̻ȻЩΣգԵģΪõõͨ͵ҩĻ͸ࡣ
̻ᷲ¶һ˳ģЩˣ׵õЩƽ¼͵ҩˡ
ΣյȻУɢ˵ʲôǲΣյģһ˽ɽյɱޣֻΪ˻ȡһõĵҩѵΣ𣿿±ں̻ҪΣյö࣬ȴȲϺ̻
Ҳ֪ڸ̻ͬʱȻԷôһæ
žΣ֮УԾǿ̬ǿҾһĿ飬Щ̵ʱͬʦֵܶĸǺò뵽顣
ҹҲû뵽ذѺŹͬʱҲӭ˲µ⡣
Ʃټı俪ÿֲݣ˿ΪǺ̻ۺ޷֧
ˣҲȻЩԪҲǺΪĵ顣
̻֮У졢ģҹһ裬ⲢϲֳϣԹ˺СѰ徲ĵطȥˡ
컹ûпڣ洫Ųأ˵ŭ
̧ͷĹ򣬺ɽѾҴ˽ģмλǰ׷ߣȥλǷɽļӻҪһЩлһλˣȥɽмơ
λһһǣкҪ£ɫһ
Ǽλ߿ɶ̻Ĺִһ˿ǶȻС¡


763 ļԲȶ
Ǽλ߶΢΢üĿźɽһۣȴҲû˵ʲô
쳤ϣǺεһƣ˼֣һǰֻǿҰɣ
̻ϺͲݵ⣬ȴַ˼ݵ󣬽еչǺǰ;ֻɢ޾ۼİݣҪҺ̻ἸʮܵĸٵɽƺҲЩ⣬ǳݵĿǰûиǴ㹻棬Ϊţ̻᱾Դȥ̻ؽһҺͼλϣǲ뿴־ȥŻһһǣ㲻ҪһС
쳤ϣǵʵʵĶ󣬲ǺɽλôԸ˵쳤ϡ
ȷˣ쳤ԥһ֮󣬲ڿڣ̻ԴȷأһζȥֻǵĻۣҲ޷˿ٵģ̻ûкܴա
ɽһ˿⣬ĿҲ䵽˺ĵϣȻһֱֲҲΪʺ̻ĽӰˣڿЩǣΪ˶Ů鳤ȻҺ̻İΣΪۣΪ̻ĳǿڷķ
壬㲢ҹ̳к̻ɣվ䡣
ѵ˵ò𣿡ɽš
ģ̻Դڻʣ¶٣Ҳ΢΢
֮ǰҲʹŮȴûбʾʲô⣬϶Ҳɲȥˡ
㹻ź̻һ֮áĻش
һꣿҲü
ʣһԴĿ˵ͨ˻С̻ᣬǲν࣬˴ģ̻˵ȴʮ־޴ΣգһжΪǶϾԼĺ·жû̫棬ྭӪİҲûпκε棬ֻһʱ䣬Ҳ˵ܾܲͳɹؽݱԼĸݵء
Ҳ֪һԴҺ̻˵ζʲôգһ֮ڣκΪĻҺ̻ͽ߽⣬Ī˵ǵһ̻ᣬС̻ᶼǸǿʱһжˡɽ˵
Ϊβ˵תŮ
ײż֮ãһжʮֵİգú̻뵽֮СֻǵȻ
ߣ˵ɣǵʱݲԸ̻ܾ֮أ̻Ὣȫɢʲô֤Ǹڳߵ˵
ʯ˵òȻִƺ̻ᣬ̻ľٶȥ̻ɲصʧλϹҪ̳˵ʸ̻ᣬӦ̻ᷱٵִơɽ
ĿģЦһٰƣʵúʯִƺ̻ѣ˵ҪԼִƣֻǣƾʲôĪ˵ʯΪ̻ǶԼΪ̻׬ٵ棿ҺģԴʮЭףٵ飿ҲλҪô˵أ
쳤ϵ˶ǳһ¡
ʵ˵òɽԸӣûʲôرҵܣʱҲǹһЩҵһջأΪʵ̫أٺԸӣҲͳں̻֮УҲûչʾˡ
ΪɽǺֵܣں̻ĵλҲͣҲλ̻֮һ֮⣬Ҳûжˡ
ȻûΪ̻׬ȡٵ棬ΪЩûлᣬ˵û׬ȡҲȴ̻ĻҪǿɣʯ˿ʾһʣ̾ͻӦȥ̻Ļ⣬Ҳ޷̻ȥһҪˣʱ̻ǧˡ
ҵҵѣϴݻҵǧ࣬ôǵϣɽЦʯھӪϱȲ㣬ҪסԭеĻҵȴҪǿٲΪһССںɽڶ޷㣬ѵ֤㲻ʺ̻ļ̳ôɽʵ
˵úãԷڿ˵ϴµĻҵʵΣĳλյĺ̻Ѿһڵĺ̻нգȫҸһ֮üʮʱ佫֮ؽ˵û˿汲ĵ̣汲ĻҵȨһݣҸһִ̻ᣬΪҪǷѵΪҲպô
㡭ɽû뵽Ļǿƣ֮䣬ǰƲˣôȥº̻ʲëˡ
˵̻ᣬû˿ϵ𣿡ʯʵ
ʵϵȷˡĻص
λϣǿˣ磬Ҳ˵˼𣿡ɽĿ⺬ŭ⡣
ط͸ףȴͷҼǵϴεʱ򣬸˵ǶʱΪЩȻͬ⣬öһԴҪ߶٣˵ΪԼӦ÷߶٣
ΪΪľЩ𣿡ɽŭ
ǣĵıĮȻĻҪֻ࣬óһȫ޷θڣ̻ϾģȻ岻˵ұڰɣں̻ʣԴ֮Уһó͸ǸӣӴ֮󣬺̻֮޹ϵ̻ڰ֮ɢҲֻһʯǽˣҲٴеõһʯ棬Σ
㡭ɽȷʮĶһ뵽ܵõĿܻ࣬ȴǿѹΪһԱҲѺ̻һλ볤ҲҺ͸λϹҪ̻ύʯȥмλһ棬ѵ㻹𣿡
쳤ϵ˿ȥҲЩԥ˼һ֮󣬻ǿ˵᳤ȻǲҪˣݵ飬ȷǹϵ˺̻İΣٻ᳤Ӫȥ̻ȷкܴķգҲǣٻ᳤ʱִֹͣơ
ɺʯִôʵ
쳤Ŀɨһ£ȴٴԥˣõİ취ɻ᳤Ӫ
쳤ϣ˵ֱ֧ʯôԳɽȵ
쳤ϿЦһ֮ǰ˵᳤شҵȶΪ棬ڿ᳤ûʲô󰭣ֺαؽʯϾδ̻񣬽¸Ϊס
⡭ɽһʱҲʲô
Һ᳤֪شô£һֱû˵ҹʱȻˡ
Ҳ֪¾˭ҥԣԼֵܡ
ҥԣֻĳЩ̫ļ̫һǣҹͻȻһʲôȻЦЦϧļԲȶ


764 
Ŷʲô˼Ҳ֪ҹԸ񣬾ſڿӣ»һЩĻˡ
ʲô˼Ҫ⼸λͻȻȴֲĹˡҹ˵
ʲô˸ҿҺ̻᣿쳤ϴʱҲӦʲôתͷȥš
̻Ȼ󣬵֮ʵ֮ǿҲͨ˸ŵģھȻﰵп̽Ϊ̻һԱȻޱŭˡ
û˻ӦĻȻȥ̽ʱʮӰһӰǴƾһ㵽˵ǰ
Щȫһ棬ʼնûж˵һ仰̧źɱȥ
ԭǳϷģǵ̫ˣһ϶ȻӴҺ̻ᣬǼҪ뿪𣿡
֮ӿط֮ҪЩһס
Ȼ˾ȵǣЩ˿ûκεƣЩķ֮Уȴ˿޷ֹһ㣬޶õشԽ˹
ţҲ΢΢Ȼ
õĿط֮񾳵ĪͨɶЩ˾ȻӰ죿
ЩͲˣǿ϶ΪЩ˵ʵԼ֮£
ʮʵԼ֮µĻ񾳣ȻҪһɱԼ֮õóôֱʵģ
ڳһɱУҲдȻԼʵҪЩ֮ϣֻһһ£ҪһˣǲеĿ϶
쳤ϵ˴˿Ҳֵ쳣ϣûаˮֻһ֮γƣԳ֮䣬ٲȻѾγɷ󣬽Եʵһӡ
̻᲻ǵһ̻ᣬȻЩŵҹڰͷ
⼸Ǹһִ£ǲִ֮䣬˾Ȼûаɣֻһ͵˸Ӧռλã֮֮УǺͺжĬˡ
ⲻҪԷϤֻʱǸ֮ҲĥΣȻȻĬˡ
ߺߡ˵췢һЦƺǶǰⷨĲм֮⣬Ҳû˵κεĻ
һЦУǵҲ˱仯֮ǰһֵļƶȻһ֣˸Իĳһˡ
Ҳһ͸ϵĬǶ֮ǰѾõģЩ˸ְҵɱ֣һǼ߼ְҵɱ֣֮ض˵Ѿ˲øҪ飬ҳ֮ɱУ顣
ҲɫǶǻ񾳣ЩĪĺˣȴо˾޴ѹЩϵɱԼЩ˵֮ϣϢǸоǿҵĲʡ
ȻͬԶطҲһģλ϶̻ˣƽóȻҵ˶ֲɱѾ궼ûгֹˣɱΪҵˣȻǲ˲ֻһ
ϺˡôƵı仯
ʮУÿ˶ԸһλϣƵĳϣֵܵЩ˵ƴɱ
Ҳ벻ԼһܻᣬȻ
Զ뷱֮أȻûвʲô֣ҲûʲôأЩЩ˾Ȼ׾֪̽Լ˶ĻǿǰǶԼ˱ɱ֮ˣ
뵽֮УҲȻ˼ɱ֮˼ơ
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λһ֮Уһذճ⻹˺Ļʱܿ˷âھҪˡ
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һεĶ֮УΨһռЩϷģֻкһˣԵĸˡ
ɱ࣬ǵ֮Ҳˣڽһ֮Ȼ˲١
ЩȻǿ󣬵ԼӦˡ
֮䣬һ飬֮УͻȻּâһ֮䣬ĸߴǿ׳Ӱ
˳ڳУĸãȻ֪ļˣ۾üëûжһ£ȴǿ
˲䣬Ӱ˼λϣĸ˹ȥְҵıܣĸˣűǼλϸļɵ
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ĸߴӰ̧ͷ۾ﻹһƬĮȻȴŶҪִк
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ͬʱѾǵϣ˲䷴Ӧĺǡ
ȻȺ˵ٷһЦЩֹ˶׷׺Ȼ
Ƕְҵɱ֣ʲôӵˣǵֹ״ȴǵһγ֡
ֻеĵˣȻˣûжһ£
ԷֻǼ򵥵תЩǵˣٿֱ̧ۣܴӰֻһգ֮䣬˵Ĳӱϡ
ȻôģǵʶƮȴһʱ֪Լôɱģ֪Ҫôˡ
ܣһγżָɬƺǲһ㡣
ҹľ߿ܣҲ΢΢һʵ벻컹óĶ
ʵ϶Ƕɽδɵķ龳֮Ҳûѳߣɿܣʶȫֻط˵
ǵʵȻѾȲϵɽٵʱ򣬵ķ龳۷壬һ㻯ֵܵģڳ˿ܣҲȻǿޱȡ
˵ͨط֮ԭǿ壬ò幥ûʹĸܣһֻ֪ɱУɱ˵Ļķ龳Ҫӿ˼֡
һضӵַΪڲ̣ΪħΪҾħ֮УҲ˭˵λƹģϾⷵɽʧܵǿߣҪлһнƳɿܣѶȾͷǳ֮ˡҾҲҪ֪ƵطУЩҲͨʦġ
ڿ̻᲻ˣһľ߿֮࣬ⲻò˵һ漣Ҳ൱𺳡
еѶȣŵǺ̻ͳ̻ᣬȻ˽аħط͵͵˼ܣ˵ȥû˻Űɣ
ô˵⼸߿һ̾ͳ˼ı仯
ֻĸǸͲηÿֻҪһ֣ٻֶ飬ת֮ʮˣһɥĴС
ô˫ۣ˵㽫ָʹ֮˵һ߿Էһ·
ߣҶˣҲظŪЩΪһ𣿡쿴ȥһ룬ʣµҲֵȴ˿ΪȻȴֹ̻аħ֮ܣǶ֣Ȼǵġ
Ȼ֣ƺҪѶԷãк˵ȴͻȻһźƮˡ


765 ȥ
㾹ȻܣǽҺ̻ٲ֮ذɽǷʲô´½ָԼĴеתλϣλϿɶˣҴִƺ̻ᣬȻ⵽ĺѵҪ̻Ḳ𣿡
λ϶ǵȻ뿴̻Ḳ𣬵˵ԸղŵǺóܣǼ˿ȫҪʱ̻Ҳһ³㼸Ǻʵġ
ԴҪλһִµ̻ύǰӣ˵᲻ͬ⣬ǣҲŲôԸ˼
֮ǰ֮ԸźɽΪɽڿ˵᳤ˣ£ִ֪ȶΪһ˽ģֽڸǻӻ̻޴Դȥ̻ͽ
֮ȻҲ֪˵Ǹҹ̻һҪΪκðַնòأοڻӻԴҲȷһ˴Ŀĵĵزˣǲòһ£ں޷ƿؾʱ֮¡
֮ȴָɽ˵Щ᳤첢ûˣǵһεɱ֮֮£ôźɽƹ
ղٻ᳤˵ò쳤пڣ̻ͲǺ嵱괴µһǻ᳤ƾһ֮´ģȻɽҲȨһ֣Ҳǿֵ֮ϣȫƾ᳤Ըǻ᳤һݶ㣬ҲûʲôԹԵģϾôδ̻ʲôȻˣûʸʲôִ̻ˣ㣬Ǳʯˣûʸ񣬴£ҿ͵Ǵδɡ
˵ʲôɽȻ޷ܣĻǽλ϶Ҫһٽ̻ھȻǰһ߳
Ǵǰõһݣ쳤˵ģһݶֲˡ
޷𣿡ʵҵҪʣЩˣʲôϵΪʲôƭ˼λϣ˵Ǹˣǡɾмλɱ֮ǰ˵ˣһЩûܣǲĻᱻЩˣˣǡɱԴΪᣬִƺ̻᣿
һɺԣɽȻʸڷϡ
쳤ϴ˿̣ҲͶ˻ɵĿ⣺Ż᳤˵ϢǴӺζ
ɽԥţƺ޷˵һ
ಡ
ƿնķȼգһڿбĽ
ڳ϶ǻȴĸ֪Ŀϡ
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ɭûĺȥżֲммɻڿ㻹ʲôֶΣҼ£ֻǺ̻ĳ֮ˣ
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ֵǰ̣ĿǺ죬Ҳ÷ԸԼĶ֡
ɽͺʯһĨɫʣЩɱֽɱǲ֮ǰô˵ģԼҶʺϽӹ̻ܺˡ
ƺҲֵһÿ˵սһƵģֻЩ϶Щ޷мܡ
ֻԺһЩȴ޷ϴԷѹƣԼܵԼ
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ľ߿ܶգ֮仯˻ҽҲûǿֶΣƺһ֡
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ǿܲܣʧȥ֮ΪĻ𣿡Цһ˵κλ֪οǲκһţֻ֮ɱǶѡ
ֻϧûлˡҹ
ǵҪ˭ûлˣ˵ͬʱѾȺ֣̻ĳǸƣеĻء
ˣѾ֪˿̵βٴ⣬Ǽλ϶ܻں̻˵ҲǳصĴˡ
ѾˣϲϷʣֻΪ沼סֻͨ˫۾￴֮ǰǿЩ뿪ǻҪٷЩʱ䣬ڵĻ˭Ҳ߳ȥˣ̻ӽ𣬾޴½ɣ
֮ͽϷݺἸʮ꣬Ҳ˵ܰҺ̻ôΪƾЩССֶΣ̻ܽն𣿡첻м
ϧΪ̫ߣΪһôһ񾳣԰ˣŸǻᣬеĸֶڣȻû˭Զ㣬ҪǵĳϣҲҪһһҪѲٵʱ䣬ڣȴʡ˲һ򾡣Ҳû뵽飡Ҳ˼ֵ⣬Դеĳɹǳ⣬ʧ˼£Ҳˡ
˵ʱ䣬λͼӳȴΧâһȫ˷󣬾ˣҲ޷Ԯһܸ߼Ľƽ磬Ǽ֣Ҳ޷ڶʱڴ򿪣οǼ˶״̬
Ȼɽֱʣ쿴ǱĿռ䣬Ҳ̾ϳɽеķ󣬡Խ֮ķҵĿܣԲɽشã
ȥ˵ɣȫҪȻں˵ʲôˣֻ֪һʧ£һҪ̻ͨЩȫɱܲˡ
ǡǲǺ̻ģʯ龰Ҳܲס־޴ѹȻպҿԼɽ󣬴Ӵ˸̻ϵǷŹң
ҺɽԱ֤յ飬Բй¶һ䣬ǲ֪һŵģҲ֪ôģֻҪǷߣ̻һУ޹ˡɽҲæ˵
һ֣ûˣ̻˸ͲЩ˵Ķ֡
ԭЩֻɱѣǸı⣬Ϊҹָ˶ԷҪȫˡ
뵽ɽӣֱҹ͸ˡ
˵ȫҪǾһܻȫȻûȥԷֻ̧źɽȥ
һ̺ɱոɱͨҪ֡


766 ׼ȥ
ס֣磬Ӱ㵲ںɽǰһʵٴΰθһ̨ס
˵߲˵ǣ϶ġҹȴȺ죬ּһӰǡǡס˺ĵ⣬ʹֶǰá
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ԼҲǻ񾳣һ˻죬ȫʩչչ£ɱҲʲô¡
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ɱ췢ԼҪջعֵҲܣɱ²һУʣĳ϶ɱ
ǱߵļλȫΣڵϦ֮䣬ǲƬ̵ĹҲɥ֮ʱˡڸǼ̣ڶԷƴȫȻΣ֮£̾Ե׽⣬ˡ
ƴ𣿡ҹʵûˡ
ԭǰѹֵֻҹͨ󣬻ʱȴȻı塣ָ΢΢ֵһϳأűҹһӣҶһ㣬޹ɵƮȥ
Ƭ֮ƺǸͲܿռԼǷ԰ѿռѵĳ̶ȣֻһգ۵ĹնеӰ
ЩԭΪҪĳǣ̷ǰĶֶٹԼǱǶеӰò֪롣
вһƬѣǴ˿̿ÿһӰģÿ˶оԼǰһƬоʵġ
һֻ̣ΪַһʵӰӣַĿϾӣһʱԼҪôѾˡ
ң
֪ҹĶ֣ҲһκҹãǿܻḶʲôӵĴۣûйҹѸٳȥȫʩչһͨ
һȣ޴ʯȻӰ֮й£ֵҵ
ʣЩʯЩҲһѹڷΧ֮ڣЩȴûһԹԣ෴ʮָһ㡣
֮ǰѾǰĻӰĥʧ˷ִ磬ȻֻǶ̶̵һ˲䣬Ƕڻ񾳵ĸ֣仹ɱ˵һ˲Ρ
ʯ֮ǰĿ־壬ͨʹȥܼȴЩִʯ֮£ҹЩӰҲòô¡
ĳһӰģô಻ϵͨʯӰȻᱻȥʮ֮˾ţֻҪʱ̣㿪ǲ滹ǼٵʣһɵӰͿˡ
첢ûָһܷΪʤϵ´˳˵̽һµ˼ûˡ
֪ԼЩ˸ոʧʧܾǶʱܱõģٲߵĻʧľͲֻЩˡ
ҹϷʵ𣬡ﳷ
ͲֱŽƵĹâȥѾһӡƺ̻ԱߵĽƣҪ򿪵ԼЩˡ
һâӡڽƷ֮ϣâٿʧǷȴûԸ
ԶˣôҪЩʲôȻϷû˼ҹƷֿ⣬ϣһöɫ׵
ǶӡһɫС֮䣬Сٿɳӭ籩ǣ̱
˻ûüܣѾĶһվԭس˵ܣƬ֮۵ػ촷ۡ
ҹס֣š
ס֣ǲǽеЩˣҹʵ
ѵ㲻֪ʲôط𣿡Ц
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ҹڵģУһλ̡
óΪǶܵסҹֻǸԼʩչͨһʱ䣬ܴݵ·
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ô赲ҵͨͨ˼˹һ㣬ĲӱҹţЩȻš
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ֻһ񾳡ŶԷ˵滰Ҳ֪ԼѾעˣǲףΪʲôֻǿ̶ֳȡ
Ϊ磬ֻһֱ󣬡ҹƽ˵ţ׼Ҫô𣿲Ѿѡˣ׼ȥ𣿡
㡭Ĳں𣿡Щȷʵ
֮ǰʮֵţԼֶξһʧģҲոճֵ⣬ҹһ㣬ֻҪץҹֻһԲŶѡ
ʼδǣŵд̫࣬Ķͷ˾Ҳ뵽ΪǸҹ㣬ҲǲôοƵġ
ҵȻںҹ񿴰׳һ˶ԷһֻۣɫһǧһҲһͷҪ
ǾͺˣЦһҵֻҪңҿԽ㣬˷ֺ˵ĻҲһᣬ
仰˵꣬ҹѾһԪڣԪԵһݻٵԷʹֱȥҪʹ˰ٱ
ҺҪССᣬõЩÿһ˵ҪΪһЩҪˣȥ˺в𣿡ҹؿŶԷ̧һţߵõɳȥ
ȻȻԪڷӿţƻÿһʹÿһ̶ڼӾţþԼȫȫпԵԪ֮µٶȣҹȥ
ȻûԸ̤һʱѾʼԼ޷ƣʮֿµı仯ЩݻٽĲ壬ûֹͣǻڼʧš
һʧţÿһʧøӿ٣Ҳ޷վڵϣֻ·ȥǱȫˡ
ҹ϶ҲܵϮȥҲȥ顣ûȥڳϵƣҹ˵
صģûôױܵġҹȻЦЦͻȻһЩ˱ˡ


767 
ҹһָ̾ǹʧһӰӰƮȻ֮ǰڵĵ⡣
ߣȻǾҹСˡ
ֻС֮⣬һȥ˯ˣҲһ£Ӧͼȥ⣬ȴܵɱ֡
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ֻѣãҸСܶԸˡ⵭ȻһЦ
ʱֻǸûԱͨŮӣҲӵǿʵκһ˵оԼСˡ
ҹ˿һۣĿ˼ͣħٵĹЧ𣿿ħٵƿأԽԽˡ
һЦûлشʲôֻһңǸˣڻת
˵һ۾Ϳ⣬ԻţҪվʱȴԼȫ˿ˡ
ҹǰһ׹ȥһ·иı־ڶԷǰ
־Ӧ֪˭ɣҹʵ
ֻһۣǿķͻȻǱƵһ㣬
ȫɽ𣿡ҹʵ
Ŭƽľ֣ѸٵػָԼ״̬˵ʵȥȻҲ·һ
ðɣȥɡҹͲԷϻ̧־ҪԷ
ȵȣ㡭˼еغȵԷȰһô˵ɱɱһ嶼ûУ˵ҷſ𣿡
ܱǸܣÿһЩλܿ࣬Ĵһоοġҹƺ˵
˵۾һ˿Ϊ񾳣˭Լٽһɾ޴½ǿΪ֮ˣôܸıɱ
ʵǣǲѡ񣬺ܿܲǱɱô򵥡ܸоϢԷǹϢԸܵ
ϢĿ־֮⣬ŭ֮⣬뵽˷һǼɷķ֪ǰܵʹࡣ
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˵ʿӦò̫ʣҹŶԷϵϢոЩѾ˲ȫһɱҲûôǿ
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ûɽ𣿡ҹʵ
²֪Щһոռ˵ǲ͸¶ģ֪ģûڵ˸Ǻ˵
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ȥɣ˵ͻȻһâ۳ƥľ񹥻ҹдȥ
⾹Ȼǽ񾳵Ԫȫ۳Σķʽҹȥ
Ԫ֮սȻһΪҹˣܿ嶼ᱻԷռȥ
⻯һֱڵȴʱֱһ̣˶ΪᰲʱͻȻ֮䱬һɱУȻѾı˵ġ
ȥȥȥҲȥҹһ˿ЦڵһƵģһ֣Ԫץ׵֮ƶ

ҽе𣬵ֻһ֮󣬾ҲûϢˣǾʬҲصأҲûĿˡ
һУҹ֮ǰѹȵʮǱļλȥּ̧Էɳһ׵֮
λ΢΢һ£ȴûȥոնԷնɱЩ˵ֶҲ֪ǾĶҲܶõ
˵ҹҪɱǣͲڶ֣ո־ѾﵽĿˣαٶһ١
׵֮û뼸λϵ壬̾޸ľϺõĵҩҪѸ٣Щľҹ޸֮Ա֮ǰҪӼȶǵʵҲҪһĸо
лλ϶һۣҹֵ
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֮ǰȻҲ֪ܵõ쿴еˣֻͽȴҲûԷǿ̶ֳȡŽʦʲôģҲ޷ȥ֤׵֮֮ͽǵκãǾŽʦҲ̶ֳȡ
ȻȻƣЩҲܿҹ˾ˡ
Էսǿֲ˵ҹʱ򣬻֪һ𵤾̶ʱ֮ż֮䣬پ³ֱ˻񾳣ڸһڡ
ЩǼ˶ɱûл֮ĺˣڶԷϣͬһ㣬սǻ᳤ҲĪ
˵ǰǶҹûаҲǲ̫ܵģ֮ԺɽһкǣǱ̹ˣһЩԭ򣬾ºΪһЩҪˣʲôΣ̻ľٶ
ڿ˵ǲǸԴΪҹĻðЩҲֵõģΪԷʵѾܸ龳ǿ߿ˡ
λϲÿ֪λ֮ͨЩǣʲϣЩ԰̻ɹ⿴ƵѹأҹºһЦѾ﷢һսֻҪͦʱ䣬̻Ȼ޴½һ̻ᣬ֪ڵĲЩ󣬵ϣűС㣬һ𹲽ˡ
һָâֱλϣٿûԷü֮С
λһŶֳȻıȴر۾ĬĬʲô
ɮ붨ڵϣûκ˿˵˭Ҳ
仰˵˭Ǹʱϣ˷Ҫƴɡ
ʱ䲢λȺ۾ã֮Ѹٵվ
л쳤ϵĴ֮£˳һҾء
ҹҲû˿Ҫõ˼˶ԷһݣˣĶ̫ӣһʱҲ򣬻ǵкôġ
ģ쳤֣صǰǼλ֪̻Ĵ֧ţΪٻ᳤ɱΣ˭뵽ǵĿ̫ǳ֮Ǽͷӣһȫĸٻ᳤ǡ
Ƿİɣɽ󾭹һεȫ֮󣬲ٸ̻̽ˣǣҲܲסʧҹЦЦ
ЩʿȷӦɽҲˣһӻô࣬ԽҪˡҲһЦ
壬ҪȥͻȻʵ
ֻӰҴææس̻֮ȥֻεػعͷ


768 ʱ뿪
ɽεתͷƤ񣬴˿Ҳͺ͸֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
֮ǰһֱڴҶǺһ壬ԶڶоҶаݣڿ岢δԼǺˣֺαǿǣ˵
㡭ʲô˼ѵҪǸ߲ɣɽŴ磬ҿֵܣЩ߳ƣ˭֪Ϊֵܣȴжί˶֪죬˭֪ҺɽҲҪ֤һԼѣҲûж⣬ѵ˺𣿡
˭㣬˵飿ٴʵ
⡭ҲҵϢ󣬵ȷ̽ӻ㱨ģһ֪Ϣôɽ
ҲǱƭˣҪıʲôʯҲű⡣
̾һֵˣһ쳤Ϊ׼ЩܣܱһЩ㹻ͱʯһ֮ˣ߰ɡ
ǵ˾飿ʯŭ
֪ʲôľ𣿡ҹʵ
ʯŭҪ𣬵һ⻰̾һ룬ףǻ߰ɡ
ɽҪǿһ£ǿһغ֮ͷ˻ȥһһܵø죬ӴҲغ̻ˡ
̾˿ҲԴ޿κΡ
һжܵܣǰֻǿһζݣŻҰĲȴû֮ˡ
ߺ󣬺żλȥֻ̻һԴλӦҲɽ˼ȵҪֹǣɼҺ̻ڰݵľٶ˶Ӱ죬Իȥ֮ϣλϲҪٱԹΪҪ˵չݣôЩʱ䣬ΪӮøɡ
ٻ᳤˵ǣ֮ǰĿ̫ǳ˴Ȼˡ쳤ϵ˶ǹ˵
ε֮󣬺ٻ᳤ȴߵ̨ϣʼ̻ȫˡ
С㣬貨һλҴҵ˹Ļ㱨
貨ڵôԶܵأɻ
ʲô飬Ǵ̻ͨᴫϢǲר˹ˡ
λϽȻʣѸ˽λ
˭֪ոһת̶ҲͬҴҵС㣬Ǹ峤
ü壺룬һɣȻǺҺ̻ԴҲûʲôͬ
λϵ϶¶һ˭뵽˿̻Ϊеţʱٳʲô״ǿǺ̻޴Ĵˡ
Ȼ˵ݷֻὨ֮󣬻𽥱ɺ̻Ը󿹺⣬ϾڻûУһжҪʱա
ΪĲŻὫ˶棬øԼõšĻڵİݽ裬Ҳ˼ѡ
ʱڣĳʲô⣬Ǻܿģ̻ᲢôοڣҲһ̻ߡ
ţȫٸ̻Ļڵĺ̻ᣬһͶ·Ľ
ǽζź̻ҲûѣʱǳİɱǾ׶Ըˣǻһһǿ֮ЩԼҪκεɡ
ްԴһ£˭˵ʲô
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ʱҲЩ⣬ϾǸŵҲЩʶ
벻ϣһᡣ峤Ц
˴˱˴ˣҲЦЦֻЩҪߺ᳤һ°µ˴˼ֻϼһһˡ
ǵͼҲ峤ϱʾҲ˼
λкιɣ˵ĲǺģҹ
ҹϱ峤ҪϤһЩΪҹĪС貨ڵʱЩϿɶۿء
ҹڴǸ϶ʱֻõˣĳֻ֣ܶ඼ûмҹġ
ˣ峤Ҳ֪ҹǾܵģ˵ŮĹϵǻҹƳ籶
ں̻ʹǸĺҲҹһִٳɵģɴҲ֪ڴǸҲźܴϵġ
϶һۣǰһǰ̻ʵռ̻ˣ˵һղǳ֮ټϺ̻ĿǰھӪ֮أȻȱԴ貨ڴ˿̻ƴӶ̻棬Ҳʧ˺⣬ҽЩʱ̻ڼ߳ɵӺͺС£ԱҼһ⡣
̻쳤ϵ˶ǰһȻƫƧһЩƺҲ̻߳ɵ棬ɾһСĿ
֮һҵ۵ܻܿһϡһЩۺҲǼСӵġ
ǱߴǸ峤֮΢΢һȴЦЦҸϵһҲ˵ֵ̻ᷢչ֮ǴǸȫռݵ棬Ϸ̻ڻݵ߳棬һӺͺС°ɡ
ȻҲû뵽ҹһۺתͷȥǱľͲˣת֮ؽãݵı㻹ԭ
λ϶ǿһԺôͲ˵ģŽ飬ǰˣ˼֮ûУԻȥԼŸˡ
ݹǵİ֮·ٲʲô谭˰ɣҹЦ
˰иλ֧ź̻ᣬ޴½һ̻·ҲӦٲ谭ˡҹҲЦŻӦ
Ĳ֪뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬Ŀɵҹվû˵ʲô
ҵȾиˣ쳤ϵź˹ˡ
һ̫Ը֮УǶ֣Լúףνݵķգν̻ĸ𣬶ֻںɽֻΪһΣ˵ǣӶԼЩ˵ѡ
Ŀǰƿ̻᲻пܽݽԼĻҵһŽһĹϵ
Ǵǰֻ໥֮ɵĻԼһ̻˿ϣֻΪ˰̻ɹѹصľٶڸλϿ൱˼ġ
ȻҹĳɷУò˵̻ڰݽȫŵĻҵǺܿܳΪһŵţֻ˵ɽһļʽţɵһ̻Ὣ
Լõҹֱһʶ޷üֵĲƸһУҲҹ˵ҪԼˣ֧ź̻ķ١
ʵҲˣʲƸ֮󣬼ûҹҲȻú̻Ⱦ޴½һ̻ᣡ
ˣҲʱ뿪ˡҹ˵


769 
ȫһ𣬲Ծվҧ촽ȴվûȥʲô
ҪȥĶǺĵѾȻ֪ԼС˼СʵǡҪ뿪޴½Ҫ뿪һһʱأ
뿪޴½Уһһʯͷֵûҵҹҡҡͷѵǲ֪ʢϾҪʼˣҪȥһˣ˵һ޴½ʢᣬΪ츳ˣȥһչ֣ҲʯͷҪȥһ£̻Ҫһȥ𣿡
ʱҲ࣬͸ҹһȥ˳ҲɢɢģʲôӢţҲΪ̻һЩ첻ʧʱؽ
ˣĴݵķֻͱţкܶҪʱʵڷϾһ㹻ˣ˶Ƕ࣬ұףҵʯͷɣڰݶ̻ߣǰӷ࣬Ҳġ
ǾͶлˣҹЦ
˵һתͬСһȥ
̶ҪҵʯͷȭգҪҹ졣
С㣬ҵ֮Ҫ֪ͨӣһϲ𣿡̶ʵ
ŶԷȥķ򣬡ҵ֪֮ͨҡ

Ůתͷʱֺɫ쳣ء
򲻿Ϊһʱʲô顣ѵ
ǣףзִģĵȦ΢죬ҡֻǲôҪ뿪
쳤̾һΪ֮ɡ

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ɴȴȻһ۾ܿ˹ɫ磬ŮʿĵطȻ˲ٻĿ⡣
ȻģŮߵˣͱҵʹ޵Ķ
⳯ǣڵĵطڲݵ£û˸óȻȥơ
οɢϢԼ乴أ뷨ŻΪܴﵽһ񾳣Ҳȥǣ൱鷳ġ
ҹô˶ڿţСڷϣЩߵ˵ҲµߣҪҵĻҿ϶ܲˣǰǶ˲ɡ
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ҹ˴֣سСڵҿĳСҪƤˡ
ңᱣҵģСһߣﵽĻ
ιռűˣҹ
ССڳҹſɰСͷ
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֪ҲӦ⿴ΧҲʮֲڣҲϲա
ףǺڰŮһ㹻ڰĵطȥ̸̸룿ҹЦ
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Ҫ֪ͯ𣿡Сڿ
ϾͲҪװˣҹӿ顣
λڵʦ֣
ҹ˵ʱһλ¹ڻһ齣ʿǰʵ
Ҳڵġҹתͷ˶Էһۣ⵹Ҳһ񾳣ҿӻЩ츳Ȼôͽ˻񾳡
Ǹ֮Уĸŵʦ֣˲ĵʵ
ĸŵĶǣֻһɢޣˣͿˣûȤ̸Щҹͷ
ŵӺ񡭡˵Ŀ˵֮䣬Ѿ⡣
Ӻ񱡹ʲô£ҹӲͷˣٲߵĻͱҶˡ
һ֪ɢޣ˵Ҳײλߣǡ
ԷĻû˵꣬һֻѾĲϡ
˵ߣƫƫߣֻöˣҵġҹһ˦λӺһڵ㱻ȥ
Ϊ񾳣һȻԼˤڵϣǵӺȴʮϣȫûκζһֱȵԼڵϻһˤ棬Ǳ
ţӺԼһĥõ·ЩԼ˴ˡ
ô㻹ְȥˡСصļ򣬴ɿ
һɫСߣƣõӺҲЩҲ̾ʹոһˤòףҹǺܼɵģٶԷʵҪԼǿһЩڳȻʲôǵѡ
ΪʲôЩ˶һëҴǴ㣬ԼҴ򣬷ҪԼһ˸һŰһΪԼôҪ˵ŵҹɨ۹ȥ֣ɣҪҵǰҪҵģұҪöࡣ
ӺȻֲܣֻѡиˡ
Ÿոһʱ򣬾һ𣺡ȷܴţ㿴Σ
ʦӺһϲתͷȥţӡ
ﶫһɽӵͷһƽӺ𣬿ȥִһƣʵǽ͵˺棬ȻĿҹӣºźɣʦɡ
ɣҪϰߴߴģһӶûУСڽš
ôôҹֵ
ǰǵʵ̫ȻҪһЩˣӽڶʼÿһܶú࣬òˣȻҪúһˡСдʵ
˵úеҶ֪ҪôشˡҹֻŶԷ
ĲˡЦһ
ӴԼģǱ˸ģҹתͷȥҲǻ񾳣ͽǿ̫࣬ҿӱҪѾúܲˣʲôΪԼʤùңƾŵǿЦ
ȻʲôŴɣҲʲôèġӻû˵꣬Ѿˡ
ţȻó˵ϻǰèģǿ϶ǱèҪ㲻ʲôɡҹϷʵŶԷű˭裬Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬Щë߹ϵлֱ˵йϵһְɣȻǿɾͲˡ
Цܾöû˵ôɢޣжΪԼܻ߳⳯ǣ
ֻûпܵס뿪˶ѡҹɨһۣЦ˵
ڿ𣿡ӽһһ΢Ĺâƿնȥ
ƺĳִŷʽʮӰӸֵӿ˹
Щӵ汼磬ЩһЩֱʩչŽͨԷеٶټźš
Щ˴඼ǽ𵤾мӵˣȥǿ˻񾳣֮ǰǸӺҲǿʲô͸ǱȶԷ˺ܶࡣ
𣿡Ե


770 
̶̵ֻʱ䣬˷ѾΧֿڣЩ˻Щ𵤾ĸ֣żŻ񾳵ĳϡ
ʢٿڼܶɺɢ޶ϸ֣ͨһɾ˲٣ͨҲʮʮӣǰʮˣҸǽ𵤾ûмɴҲԿóŵʵǲġ
ܶ࿴ֵ˶ΧȻ뿴ֲǿƵɳͻһԶԶ˿УһʱǸ޴Ķ޳˾ӸµΧͰһ㣬͵·ˡ
𣿡ҹЩӡ
ҹԷӣоһɵţһС˵־С죬ͻȻ֮䵽ϴλϣȲҪˣˣһ㡣
ǲ٣һûпܹסҵģҹһܣһۣҪΪǵɹԼô꣬ҲǸõΪɳʱѪЩģȻһϵˣǻᵹµÿһЩ
͡
ⲻЦ˳ǰӣǸСҪܡ
ǰԸʲô˾͵ʲôˣȻĻ죬Ǿûİ취һ°ɡҹҲЦŵ
ðɣҾͿ죬ô۸СɡЦŲ˵
ͣҹͣһ𶼴ſ£Сһ塣
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Ҳԣпվ͵ˡҹЦǣ㲦һңħٵҲ
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ҪǸħŮи٣һ֣ˣӴ
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ס֣ʱһâԶٿȻ赲˵ĳ֡
ĪϣǺ⣿õ˵
ʢϾҪٿ̶ֻ꣬Ϊ˽ҪɵΪһС£ȴҪʦڣΪ񾳸֣ѵⲻǸгôֻʮ꣬ΪҲֻǽ۷壬ƺȴҲŵĳϡ
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㡭֪֮ͽĪֱҪţȴҲ޷ıԷ뷨ϾԷ
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ͻȻ䷢һ㣬Цǰڿ˵ɵȴ˴һ㾿ʲôˣڵǺȤ֪һ¡
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ҹĿ˸˼£֪㣬̻ľŽʦȷЩŵȴǽԼأڸһᣬ֪벻Ҫ
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ΪŷĻᣬűؽΪ֮µĵһţʱֻ̻й֮޲ͬţΪŵרְʦһɱѣһԷһ·Ц
ҹȤشŶԷһ֪ң˵ЩҲˣ֪޴½Ͻ꣬Ҹ̻ĹϵУȴевңҵ֪ƾʲôأ
ƾģҿɱ㣡ЦҪ֪ĺ̨ӲǱϾԶߣڣ̻һû㲻ӦʱѾһʬˣ˵˵Ķ𣿡
㲻º̻ıҹĦ°ͣ˵Ҷ֪Ҫʮġ
̻ȫ˳ϺͲݣǵشݣ˵ǻ˵̻ǿҲǸ̻ᣬֻὲ棬˭Ϊһʦȥ˻ƴĻƴΪžǰЩӣֻŵһֶѣĻ񾳺ͽ𵤾ûѾɻˣЩԺһŵҫһ㣬ţΪĻֻ𣿲ΪԼƶѣֻдŻš


771 
ҹŶͷε˴£µΪĴʵ̫ˡ
ЦСڵǺܸĽţҵľ飬ֻҪһ򣬻ǿԱôġ
һξãСڵĻôȷҹ̾š
ǾϰɣСŮͯš
ãʱҹԭֻһӰ
ҶҪ͸ˡ
ҵͷΡ
ҡ
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Щ˲û̫صˣȴоʮֵʹ࣬ȭȭʹǺܾöûˡ
ǵʹ໹ǶݵģΪƽϢʱ򣬾ͿлȻڰؽиͣ
ӣ״ӵӺ
ѾñͷأӺҲ൱񣬵Ǹָˡ

Χ۵˶һƬЦſߵ档
ǺܶҲûмҹԷţȴҲ˼ּɵҪ֪Žʦɲôõġ
Ī˵ź̻ǹһˣҲ˭Ҫ۸۸ģ֪жҪþŽʦǷһ˻˵ЩǰǷˣ᲻ʱһа취ˡ
ŽʦǷ飬ǱǷ飬漰Ŀ϶ͨˡ
ܵģ֪ؽһŽʦ°ˣһЩֶΣеͨһЩ
˭֪ôȻô˵棬ҪǿһŽʦ˵ҹԼжǿʵźܿԼ֪ʱ򣬾Ѿ˺ܶǿ󵽲ĵˡ
飡
ҿϷʱԶֻϢʱ䣬Ѿ˽ǰ
תͷʱֻո뿪ĪҲڣҲһˣ֮ȥǰ߹
ʲôˣҹ̧ͷʵ
ǰ׷µ棬ҹһ񣺡Ϸ̫ϳϻ룬µӹ̲ܽϣе̧֣һ·
ģֻǸһѵûҪǵΪʵ벻Ҫǵʲôôҹ赭д
лٴʩ֮Ҳʮֹ
ΪŽʦ컯ȻΪǷ飬Ȼ緵龳һ㶴ϤطССֶΣ񾳣ҪѹʵԲתͷѵӺ񣬡δȴȻѧ˶оƽŹ治ϣͽ⣬ӣΪúԼͽһŵȴͽףܻŵȷĺѡλɣڵӺһӡһΪڹʮ꣬ƽ֮ٶʮ겻㣬ʮ꣬ʮ겻УΪԶҲٻָˡ
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ŵļ£Ҳ֣ҹЦҾ˵úܶԣӵˣȷʺһ֮
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лǸȻҲЯڶȥ
̫ϳϣѵǲμʢ𣿡뿪֮ĪҲЩĵʵ
ѡҪڻ磬Ǿ躹ޣܴһҫ˳֣˵ЩɣȻֻǳ˼ΪĵӣֻǸؽͶѡ̾˿Һҹɱ֮ˣɱһžȴҲֲذı
ҹĪɻ
ܽ޴½꣬żξһĵطûнôǼ򵥵Щӣξ͸úúýύԷȴƫƫҪˣǡ˵ֱ޲ܰȭͷ顣

ŵ˸ոȥҹǰУûзʲô顣
ϵǺܶĴȴ⣬඼ҹˡ
ȥرˣȴ룬˵̻ĵһŮĹϵܣȴΪʲôֻһǵŮӣ
Ҳû˭ȥˣ֮ǰЩ뷨ˣں޲ܰһμˡҪһҹ֪ˣԷǼƣ϶ǻҪֵúܺÿġ
ҵˣͻȻһ˵
Ϸעߵˣȥ˵ˣ˭ôеʱȥҹ
ţҹ̧ȥȴǵ˭
⣬һüͷﳤϣ֪ʲô𣿡
ﳤһȻ磬ǱϾƮЩʱգҲ˵ԸƮĵӣƮѣֻҪһ仰ͿԽĳһҪǰӣƮһΡ
ŶƮʲôԸ˵ĵ𣿡ʵ
ʯȻ֮һ޴½֮ϣǻ֮أﳤϲȻǰƮȻǶţڻЩʵ˸ӡһΪΧſ̶̿ڴƮ⣬ûһƿش֣£ƮΪᣬʱƮһŵӳϣȫΪ޴ȥɢޡ
Ҫҹţʵ
ңﳤæ֣ͨӦȻҡ
˵СĵؿһҹԷûзӦŽ˵ҲףƽпУǺΪƮССɳʱԣĳƮţһųϵӣм
Ҳ뵱šҲ׶Էʲô˼ֻȥֺû˼顣
ﳤϿЦҲ֪ţҲЩΪ㣬Ʈŵϣ޲ʱϵǺһȫʧ˵Ʈ֮ͨ£˿£ƺЩǿѣ￴ͬţڵӲ޶ķϣһ·Щ˴ϰƮİķ׷ţһƮ岻ˣҲ޴ĳֻúǰܽţ
һ£Ʈϵȷһ֮أѵõﰲͣܶƱϲ
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㣬֪᲻ģӶһЩľҹ̧ƤΪˣҲвķʽҪЮκ飬ҪǾͼȻҲ˵׼һ̾ͻɱ㣬֮㻹Ļұ֤ǲصƮġ
Ϣŭҡҡﳤһ֣֪һ̫뵱Ȼˣȫҹĸܣ³ç
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ҹҹ̯̯֣˵ž˳ˣôԼɣϾԼҲö档
ﳤЦոճֿɲᰡ
ԴҲʲôԹԣԼҵҹ棬һֽķʽԷȥƮţԼֻĸۣʰ
һЦҲҹ˼תͷﳤϵ֮ǰϹԸƮĵӣǱﳤϻȥΪһϾʱһҹһȥסЩʱա
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˵ҲǼһ֮ٸ棬ôôأ

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һʱ૵ðɣҾǸϲ˰ɣҹģôҲûɣٺ٣ǲʲôöٸһʵģ
԰Ūŵҩ񾳣ⱲӶˣԸ𣿡ҹʵ
Ը⣡ͷҡø˹һ
ǾͲˣҪʵʵһһ֮ǰЩŽ׽ԪѾˡҹЦ
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Խգҹ磬ڵʲô磿Ҳһָˡ
Ȼ㿴ľ磬֪ʱ򾳽ⶫʵǻȺŵġҹ˵úɣֻǱһĻǿһѣҲ
ðɣǵȷ޳һˣݺݳָҧȥѪаϡ
ˣĿҪڸ㣬֮壬аʮϣմﵽߵľ磬Ϊҹŵԡа븶
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ŶҹһЦ⻰ǴĵĿ˵ġ
ֻʵѣĵмįҲһ̹Ȼż֮е飬лû˶ǨŭֻҾ貨ڵˡ
Ϊ貨ƴ󣬾룬ҲҵôһȻҹ
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Ĳһոս뻯񾳲õˣھͱչ˵飬ôеԼܵĸо
һ޷ƹضĻǾһӶڹˡ
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ĴЦһӿƬ֮ڵĵطѾһƬ

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⺣˵֮󵹻ΣؼڿУȻûµס
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Ҳûƴǣħٶ˵˼£֮ܵʲôж࣬ȴûͣ

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ħ٣ľɳɽҲɢȥֱ¶аı塣
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ȷǲ࣬ҲɽĻ񾳻ǺѲģ͹޾Ԫ֮ʩչͨһ𵤾ܱȵģûȫںа֮ǰǲҪͼ񾳶ԿзҲܳԿҹѵ
֪ҹ磬֪ģһ֡ٺЦš
仰ЦҹҲЩЦȰ֣ɲʲôͬ־

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ҹһαûȣȻҲΪŵĵӺ˵飬ܶ˶ۿҹ̧֮ʮ𵤾ŰһƢûС
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ֻǹǣҹһֱûжµĵ棬Ҳû˿𶯣Ǳһ˸סһ㡣

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ΧĵطҲǣɽϵҪҹ롣
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֪һ޷ԸҹһЩߵɽͻȻȫʯͷҹɢ
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Ѿǿֲ󣬶ڸʹһô޷ѹƵһƴؼѹţѾЩΣֻƴҹڵ֡
ǿҹվͻȻЦЦʵ֪ôߣλӭҡ
˵ȻŲͼҪ߳Ǹڲ֡
ֵǣŲƶµԲ̨Ҳƶλãǰ̿һʵʯֻǿ޷һ㣬ҹôƶȴƣҹΣεػʯӶûͻƽ
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ȥúôţⶫءҹ
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Ӷÿһҹýʵʵһ˲䣬ͻֳһҹ֮ǰ˿ҵĲŵɽȥ
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ҹһͣ˽Ųͬʱͱ֮סһƺǱ屻ˡ
ڵɽ֮Уٿطɳһ齣ǽƽκһʿϵ彣Ҫ֮Ҫߵ١
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沢ûΪҹͣǸӿЩٶһ㣬ٿؾʹȥ

һϸС࣬ȴ˶ˣţոձɵǿӱмһɫĺᵶոǱ齣ϡ
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˿̵ҹȻٴδ˳˲ǵһۣǾɽ̤ȥ
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ҹһɽŵʱ򣬺ɽʯȻ£̨ʯ齣ҲһһӰոһսУٵĵͽҲ»ָ˸ղŵӣһûб仯Ǵδʲô顣
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һ貨ӮòٰȹЦţҲҹմĹˡ
ҴǸҲŰ׬ٵĶҹСӣ㻹һǡ˵˿ٲȻ˶еö࣬һҹС
ԴҹҲ˵ʲôԷͿ϶Ǳ˼֣˵õ常ݣҲ档
λģȴôһС̣ƺЩƽҹҲЦЦȻӮҲҪһݡ
˵һСԣ޴½⣬ҪһˣȻ׬ôһСЦȴ־˳ЩŰɣ貨Ҳòʲô
ҹӹɨһ£һЩƷõĲϣЩ貨ڻǲȱŵĿǰ˰ԭ˵޴½ıؾ档
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˵֮УȱϵľǼ貨ˡ
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ȻҲԿҹָһҲ˼ȥһС貨Щĵǵôɡ
֪ҹóĶ϶ˣӹ֮ʶɨ˽ȥһ֮¶ЩԾˣǾŽ׵ģ
ģȥɡҹ
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ҹ͹ĽָУ澹ȻǧŵľŽ׽Ԫ
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Ҳ˵貨ͨĵҩҪȥ̻ؽ֮£ЩͨʦᶯģϾǵò̫õĴ貨֮ȴʮźĵλ
ԪҲУŽ׵ĽԪûˣûǧô࣡
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ҹͷǺߣϼһﻹǻὫ˵ľҲ֪Ц͵Ϊ˻Ǻܲġ
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ͽӹ֮ĵһɨɫȴ˲üǡŪģ
ǺǣһѣҴҲ˵ˣ̫ãͲôˡҹЦ
ͳȥĿǼ̫ҹʱ򣬶һΪ˲СķųаԵʱΪûԷ˴ɼֶ޴½ǶôѵãƷĲϣ貨͵Щɾǿˡ
ţȻЩʱ䣬ٸЩҩҲҪŽ׵ġظ̾ţִЦթ
úúã˭ҹҡͷʾԼͶ
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飬ҹ治ҾӹһжǺھӪҹ΢Цŵ˵߳棬ҿл㣬ǻʲôĺôҲһˡ
ȻǸ󵨵ˣǧһšˬЦλʲôҪ˵ģǴѰһĵط˵
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仰̻һʮصݡҹʹصͷ
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ȻԵЦ֮УԼ˼ò˵ڵŵȷǶͨҹڸ̻ʾáֻʾõıʣʵҹϡ
ΪҹһЩĶڣԲŵ˺̻ҪûЩĻ̻ɰݵ뷨Щʵʡ
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ƮȻΣûֻǺҹǣֶС
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ڶĳ棬ȻиμӣûжȤȥʢĶǲɱ˵ģֻҪҹа취ѸκãҲȥˡ
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ҹû˵ʲôֻ̧һֻҲʲô仯ո˵λ񾳣ѾҹץŶԷĲʣ˵ûʲô𣿡


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Ϊһŵӣôһ̫ʵЩᣬǾôҹܾϵһ
֮䣬ԥţҹʲô뷨
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⻰˵Ѿ̨ˣȻѾ˵ӣһҹǿ߿ĸӻŲߣ
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һ¼ǰҹ˶˾أк˵ǸΣ
Ҫ˵ôҼƳĽӣҲ֪ģֻǶЩעѣƳЦЦ˵һжΪ˶Էã֪Ӳõ֪ӿڸ˵һ㲻鴫ȥ
Ѿ˵һȻҪ۵ġ
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ûվȵʱ䣬̻һѾоΣյ٣ֻҪϰģһڵͻҪ

ཻ׼ȷӦ˵Ǻᵶļˣǰ齣Ľײ
޴ڵ֮ȻһеĹâƺ˲
ȫسԼ壬󺣲һʧȥƽ⣬ȴһ齣ѣһضϽʧȥƣ˾ųԼ


783 ؾ
ȥĽҲ䣡
ߴ˿Ǳģܸоҹŵľ޴ԪۻܻҪǿ֮ǰĶԾ֮УĵԼãȴû뵽ȳܲסĲԼе齣
ƫͷùһضϽĴɱһ̣ڵĲϡ
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仰˵ȻֹǸԶؿĺΪѾˡ
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ڿţǻ˲ٵĵ⡣
ҹǴǸһǰУħѰҵȥˡ
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ҹҲɱ˲ٵˣ·ϾȻҲû˰أǿԳͨһ㡣
ǵĵѾ֪ˣҹЦЦ֪ôдأ
˵ˣʲôõĽʵʵǰȥһΪһ㻹ҪһУǾֻ·һˡһ
㻹ûԼĵλǵʲô߶кҵĻһƿ϶㣬治֪ҹǺ
ߵɫһ䣬мֿɬֳ
ҹ˵Ļֺγ֪һжƵģֻӲͷƤһһˡ
ˡ
˵֮䣬ǰľͻȻһ䣬ƺ֮ǰɽȻ˺ܶ࣬ħ·һӶһХڶħͷС
Ȼˣһܸ߼ķ󣬲֪ǻþʵҹʵ
⡭ޡؾ߿ǰľɫȻɷף嶼
һħųϼųҹҲ
²ûͣǼǰţδ֪ķǱ㹻ľ裬ͣȴŷĳͣȻǺܲʵ
ؾʲô֪Ķ˵һܴȥĻ˵ĻʻǺܴġҹ˵
˵ؾħλĵطħɷ𣬾ħŵӣֻ˱ԵҲǾһֻЩгɾħǱʵˣŻʸؾĺ֮أһħķֻдǵµħŻᵮؾֻħˣҲǵĵ֮ܿ⣬ֻеȵɽ֮лԵߣܽսķܳɹĻһߵжǿ־壬ǿŲŽЩ˵ꡣ
Ǻǣ˵ҲгɾħĻˣҹЦ뵱ħħŵӲǺóӣӦϧᡣ
ҡᡣ
ĶҲǷ龳ħһǧŰپʮ˸棬һģôŸոֻǻ񾳶ѣ
ǸոգֻǶؾ˵ںͻ۷𲢲󣬻˵ûʲô𣬷Ǹʱ䶼롣
𡭡
ħͷѾӺ֮г˳ҹһ̱㿪ʼ
µǣЩħͷǿŻ񾳵ʵķ֮䣬ȫǾޱȵʽȻʲô֮ͨĻħͷһ𣬱κһͨҪ
ͨпѰֻԼʵȥӲǲлĻᡣ
ؾһõطôõĲƷҹοһˡҹЦţҹȻ֡
ҹᵶӶȥûֻ֮һڹ⡣
ڹһ֮ħͷ׷ѣһħԶɵ˵֮ڡ
ֻһһصħͷͱҹն˸ɸɾ߶ЩĿɿڴˡ
ôħѵħôܳܵˣ߻Щɻ
ǳܲˣǱܾͺˡҹһ֣ħصУѾҪħ׷׶ӿҹڡ
㡭ҲǡӸӻˣѵ˵ؾǵģΪֵˣԲԶ򿪵𣿡
ŶҹЩˡ
Ҹո˵ֻҪ˵˷龳ż̳ħǱʵˣͻؾ֣ܴħһƹħˣǵΪʲôٴνؾڸҹͣ
ҹŶԷǸӣֻҡҡͷҲȥˣǰȥ
ߵͻȻһ⣬һķУȻҹȥ
ۡ
ǼٴγֵʱȴԼؿڣѪȪһҲͨء
Ϊɱңǵͻųؾ𣿡ҹӦ룬Ҫһ£ԼûɱҵҪĻ϶ȫҴؾȥʱһᣬϧʵ̫ļˣҲƳؾʱ򣬻ôһţЩȥɡ
˵䣬ҹûʲôȴħͷӿ߱Щħͷצ֮¡
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֮УʮħͷӵصĳطһöǴһ㣬׶ױ֮ǰһҪӿ£ûʲôǻԼ޴ֱۣһ˫ֱ۾Ϳ˺һ㡣
ðɣҾҹհҹҲһն£ҵľӿЩħͷûг嵽ǰѾ˹ɹɺɫħ
ҹϢһ£صͻȻһֻ֣ƺ԰סɽ
ҹĽָҹ˻Ҫ޴סҹʣᱻ⽴
ҹȴûжܣ˫ƣܻ
Ȼ֮УָϣҲû֮ǰơ
̡
ͻȻ³ȥԭɽȫˣħŨգް
ħ֮УȻ˸˵硣


784 ħ
ħ֮׵֮ǺǣȻǺдؾҹҲ̾š
ħŵΪӦǹ֮εľ׵֮߶˵ħĿǣǾǸ˵ħǱʵħͷ֮ܽǰħħҲûʲô⣬ͻȻ֮Ϊħ׵ֲ֮Щħͷȥˡ
ǰЩħͷѾﵽ˷龳ʵˣ֮ħͷȻȥߵĴ󲿷־ͻȻʱҪħ׵֮Ȼúܶ˶ֲڴˡ
ҲֻǶħͷԣҹȴʲô⣬ûȥͼֹƵۣڼš
Ȼؾ֮УͬҲԭǸɽ֮УҹҪܵߵħĵطڳؾ֮̾ͿҵĽ壬뱻ؾ̫ʱ䡣
׵֮۳Σһÿһһըһ㣬ϱըЩըһƬϵػûɸ׵
ЩȴûֹҹǰнһŹӰֻΪװһ㣬ŵܣٶȶûгٻ㡣
ģ֮ħҲˣ׵ըҲͣҹֳΣûб˶ԵøӾˡ
ʼգҹٶȶһֱȶڸͼӿŲƺǸоһʲô
ʱȴͻȻ̧֮ͣͷʱֻϷһƬѹѹĶȻѹ
ֱһɽѹΧʯڶϵرţҹҲֳ֮ɫҴ⣬ƻȻŶ
ƲûжĹЧȻڲͣ䣬ҹ㲻ϵ򶴶ȭơ
һӡӡȥȻǶڲͣ䣬ҹȴͻȻĿվһҲ
һֱǶ䵽ҹͷߴƺֻҪֱǶˣҹ˫ĿȻȻȥ
ۻƥͷƺֻʣһƤĶȻ㱻ˡ
ҹ΢΢˿̫ҪٶȾˣǲ߽˾
ͷҵȱڣһҪùرѹˡ
˵Ҳûпѡ飬Ҳһ֪ǰ·裬ȴǲòƴǰ
ҹٴ̣ͻȻһ𣬵͵سȥ
ҹ֪Ҳؾ֣Ҳ޷ؾֻܾ䣬ֻƳؾߵħ֮УĽȳˡ
һ̾ͱǰľŪԺˡ
ξȻûٳʲôΪѵĶħͷڶѽѷ֡
һȥЩ죬΢һ֪ʱĦ棬ֻǴʱĦ棬ʱ֪Ҫǿ˼ټǧ
һҲһħͷһɫ磬ŭĿ֮ƺŰħУѰֻҪһۣ̾ͻᱻ塣
ħڶҹЩȵؿš
֮ǰǸ˵ʱҲû̫ţڿﶷҸĦ涷ˣȷһħӡ
ĦҮҵѾȵһʱҲҵĶ֡Ħ˵ʲôݱ粵
Ҫõһħ֮λֻдһⶼаٰıֶΣҲһСӶѣĦҮħµлȴηصὫһȻͷֳʵȥһ磬Ȼʵ࣬ȴԲ㣬ҲûлΪħˡ
ôȴ˵ģҷӡһؾҲǽػôʲôɲģĦЦҺķôʱŴһ¿ʼȴȻܴң˵Ѿٵħˡ
ֻǲɱѣΪһʱûʤĻ𣿡ĦҮ˵Ҳħһҵͽֻǲ뿴ħһʧһʻĴˣֻϧڻˣһĵȴģȻǸõǰ֪ˣұ㲻Щʱˡ
ڳԣΪɱ𣿡ĦŭѾҵӵѪǸˣҵ˴ĦҮžĵӣֻҪѪԴںĦҮžںϣʱ㻹ʲôԸҿ⣿
ǲʼն޷ɾħһؾɡĦҮޱϲ
ıͻȻһ޴ӰӰǾ֮ϵȴ˼ɷȻ޴ѹ֮ȴǸһ޶
һӰֳĦҮʱ޿ɵֵضڶԷһ֮УǳֻҪԷһָ
ӡħЩܿƵزţǳԱܵضħľηֻһҲ±ħ֮ӡ
ħ񲢷ıˣֻЩߵõħϿɣĦҮ֮ж˼ֳŪֻ㣬ȻΪĿɱңǿЦͬҲΪԼеЦȻһСӣҵؾ֮Уô꣬ʵ˷ҵʱ䣬Ǿ͵ǲɡ
Ħ˫֣ǰһµķӡӡ̺Ϲħħһ֮̾ޱȲһϢħ˷ӿЩϵħȫһӡ֮С
ӡԽԽԸǵħӰ࿹ˡ
ûм̳ħ֮λ˵ģҲܱļ̳ɱħǵõħϿɣȴ֪ɱĦѾȫԼ壬֮ǰؾǶǴûгɾħʸȫˣΪϾͻᱻɱ
Ħһţӷӡ֮ӿħָ֣ħͷһĦҮȥ
ĦҮһָ޿ɱƱԼĳŸ߸ϵ̬κһУǰҪ¹Ҳûа㷴ء
ܵõϿΣĦõһУԼҪֱ˵ϿɣҪɾ͵ħ񣬱ϵ¶һ޶ħ񣬱ǹ޳ҵħ񣬲ֻ֣õħϿɵ˿Բȣ˵СӣһֻκϵСӣֻҵĽ±Ħ˵š
˵仰ʱǹħĦҲ˱仯ٿܻ֮䣬һڵףлһԴƲĳǹ
һǹ̳ǹ֮Ʊ仯ħЩħĦĻȴֲȫһÿһ𶼼ħ֮һħͨӵ˼£ڶħһħǿҲƷڵأҲû˿ϡ
˶ѽѷ֣ҹȴֻһԾعۿţһ̣ûмȥ¶ԼֻǾصȴһʱ


785 ˻ձ
ҹ˿ҲȷħĵӦþĦ档
ո˵ĶԻںܾ֮ǰʱĦѾؾһħĦҮķսˣɸ޴䣬ɽħɱɴ˶ʼ
ĦͽԼĴ󲿷ħԿıȴؾؾԼķʽ
֪֮ô磬˳㻹ʣķӡʮħԨֱ֮ǰԼʱؽѳӻ޴½
Щҹ֪̫Ħ֮ǰ˵ģҵĦҮĺѪǺܾܿĽ壬ΪֻĽǸոձץģǳħ
ǸĦҮĵӣ͸òˣ϶ٻɣΪٻõ˴УͽĦҮž˵ҲĦҮˡ
ҹ뿪ؾȻûҵ뿪İ취֮ǰĦؾ徹Ȼӳò˵˵ı൱СģǴ󲿷ֵʵ޴½ϣҲû˭Ķˡ
䡭
ħܵıƴΪҵʱħײȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
ĦҮħ֮ӡȷħ֮ӡҲһ㶼ĵģעҵϣĦͻȻЦҵ棬˵ֻҪһжлᣬҾ㿴ĦһУ⾪һܳܵס
Ħһ˵ţһ߻ζ˫ۣתۼռ䲨һħӰƬ̺һſǳϵݻ춼ħеıĿееָ̧죬еĴָء
һ̣ĦͻȻȳһЩеħ󣬶ͨͨһƺҪ׼
һɲǣʵؾţֻʣ̺һ
ĦҮһ֮ҲȻüͨҲԵõħĴˣ㾹ͼҵѪҵĵӣ޿⣬㽫ѹҵħͰɡ
ţĦҮһĹâǴǰڹ⣬ǳ֮Ĵ֮
κεħͷڽӴ֮ʱ򣬶Ǳȼָһ㣬ķȴһħó
ĦҲԾ֣ΪԼ׼Ѿ㹻ǿˣû뵽Ȼбǿ
һ˲䣬Ħ۵ѾɣȴûĦҮȥȻһת򣬽еڴĳһϡ
ߣûôףĦҮһ۾Ϳͼ֮ǰһΣĦҲַ
һΣҲΪûпȥֹԷȻؾɲôóġ
ûᣡҹҲͬʱŵûиĦһǳһȥ
õĲǺڰ֮ԼΪó׵֮Ħͬʱһ֮
ͬʱûгɣ˶绯һһ㣬Ǹȱڼȥ
ˡ
ͻȻڲϵתš
ΪҹĹĦҮҲûԤϵ˲ûֹĦӳȻһУĦȻˣվԷˡ
ĦҮ˵һϢΪ֪ıǸӵԼѪˣȥںϵõĦҮžеĵӣٴĦ棬ܿˡ
һеףǸĦһ𹥻ˡ
ħĦҮķħ֧ģ㾹ȻͼħǱĦҪ޴ĦҮаŷŭͬʱҲĲм
ԭħҹȻνħʵħеؾ˶ǰħһһ㣬ȴ֪ԭһ൱ڷؾ֧䣬ҲͲĦˣȻĦӵóȥΪβܿ
Ǹ׵֮ˣͻؾôĹؿҺĦ淢֣ҲЩ£ҪѴߣȴǷһĴ󡣡ĦҮӳһӡӡŵȥ
ˣﲻؾ㲻һħһѣվ̳еģЩ飬ġҹЦ֮УҲżţٻĦҮžеĹʩչһȡħ
ãٻһ֮䣬Ҳҹߡ
ڵһĿռ䣬Ȳڴ֮ڣҲڴ֮⣬طħһҡ
֮ǰҹһֱڹ۲ȴһûеõĦ湥ʱźȻ֣ԭⶫһ󣬶һ޴ķ
ĦҮ鶼ȲϣֻǰЩħŵõģͲܴݶⷨ
ʮأĦʥٻдʣָϸҫ۵ڹڹǰγһҹͼ
ҹǽԼĺڰԪҲ˳Сĵٻͼӡħ֮ϡ
ˡ
ĦҮڵĿռ䣬ǱһתĲָסˣûжǿľȴٵתš
Ҳ֪೤ʱ䣬ֻһ˲ֻѾܾãתͣĦҮҲ۾
ԭҵĴˣĦҮЩο
ȻҲĴˣĴȴߣҹ̹ȻģҲӶħħͽĴˣڤڤ֮עȻõĴУħΪãӦҲɣ
ҵѾɢ̫࣬Ħȴٴӳȵط֮ʱұȻĶ֣ԣĦҮ˵ħȥɣշĦ棬⣬ҪӦңػĦҮµһ˿Ѫ
ãҴӦ㣬ʵ˵أΪӦþĺѪѵʦȻ¡ҹŵ
ǾͺãĦҮͷҵĵֻлΪ޴½ܳ۳ңȥսʤĦ棿ҽһħ㣬Ϊʦһ֮ͻɽ֮ʱһٸϷ
лʦٻҲ˸ĦҮ֮Ĺϵ̾͹л
ĦҮ۽ǰһЩµĴ
ģ建ڻţǸǱɳӣһɢţȴû䵽ϣ𣬱һڹ⡣
ڹⲻϵţһΪħ
ħһɫˮٻͷֱ˿ʣ¡
ħһζϵţٻȴ˿ûвһ㣬վĿҲ֪Ҫòѹ
ҹֻýħٻһյ˿
ƺһҹΪɳĿռ䣬ҲڱټħҲµĿռˡ
ҹٽһ˷飬ǵɽ磬ʱʲô󣿿᲻ضҪһСˣ
ҹûʱ룬ֻħһգǰħͲҲһʧ»صһͨɽ֮С
ҹҲʶ̸ΣĦȻ


786 ħӰ
Ŷ֮仹ʲô̸𣿡ҹһǰߣһ߱ŶԷķ
ʵ֮䣬ûʲôޣ㻹õ˲֮µıȻʱҲΪһֶѣӦ֪쾵ֱܱͨȵģЩҲֻأȻõˣҲˣʱҲǸԣʵϣҰĳң˵ǲǣĦһ˵ţܵ˵ҲǳˣӦйѣ޷ѾԻٲӦñɣ
˵úеҲûҪҪȽĽ峤ϷųֻҪãһҶԲƽϡҹ룬ֱҶնħûȤֻҪ㲻ȥߵˣͨҲȥΪС
ҹҲµòħӦǱȡ˰ɣǿǱ쾵ҪҪıڻֲгһգʵһﵽһͨ쳹صĳ̶ȣͻ֪ħĺôˣĦ漫ҫħĺôȻһת֮ĺôɷŮӽңȡħĦҮУȡ϶ǽķɱˣȻĦҮĵˣҲͬǣȻͬһߣŮȴĦҮĺˣȻ㲻ɱ
֮仹ǴźܴĲͬҹ˵㻹ĻҾֻƴһ£˭Ӽһˡ
ҹѵΪҸҸħҮս𣿡ĦЦ
㲻£ֻߵʱЩ˶ѡҹοٵ˸ţ˭Ҳ֪˲Ϣ֮䣬˶ٵĵطؿռ䡣
ûõģħȻߣħ֮ĵطȴҲҾӪķҲҵԲҵң仰˵һսĻᶼûУӦҷŮˣҿ԰㵱ǺĻ飬㲻ǿġĦЩ԰˵
ܺãȻ˵Ҳ㣬Ҿһ㣬һ㣬ҾͲһֱŲ˰ɽҲȥֻӲˡҹЦ
㲻ɱ𣿡ĦͻȻʵ
ҪвңҹһҲ֣һɱȻ˭Ĺ
Ǻǣֻϧ㻹СϾҵĵ̣ұĦҮˣں֮Ҳڵ赲ģһħζɡĦЦ
ЦУƽɽͻȻӿħӰǧħ˿ߣҪҹС
ҹһһ׵ŹһȼţһħӽķΧ̾ͱճ֮
ҹȻǰһʣħӰʱɢ١
Щħɢȫҹյ˰ҹУЩյС
һ·֮ͨеħӰ֮ǰҪϧ޷ҹʲôţͨͨɵϡ
һûյʹб仯һ͵˿УĪСٻʹá
ĪСȻûкڰԣǽյȴ˭õġٻȻħĽ֮Уõ˴ĺڰǺؽ˼ʱһ㣬ٶ˲١
Щʵͨ񾳵ħӰŷҲȻ޷ֵҹһն֮ǳ֣ͱһնɼ룬žͱҹɵˡ
壬ǸһﲻôɵôಹƷһıġĪСȻõ˺ܶӵҹʦİΣ̲סѵ
ֻ֪ɱҲûħӰֲУҹӦˣЩħӰȻķ󣬵ҲҪķģķѵԽ࣬ʵͻԽҿǲҸΪУŻİ취ӣܿҪˣûϵӵĺǣҲŹġ
ʦô죿ĪС
ҹҲ޷شⲢܽģĦһҪĽ壬Ҳȷûа취ȣΪҲԷڵأûа취ʩȡ
ʱɽ֮еϢȻһ䣬ҹҲ
Ŀ֮һ龳ħӰÿһħӰǷ龳һֳ뷵飬Ƿ۷壬Ҫ׽ٵӡ
ҹҲɻôħӰĦıǵںϣҲֻܷ齫Ҫ׽ٵķ⼸ǲܵġ
ôĦѾɱĦҮķħɾһħˡ
ǰķ龳ȴʵʵϢһҹĸ֪൱ģǰЩʵģûһ
˰ɣ֮ķ龳һ֣Ҫö࣬²ܳܵסôĹ
Ҫӻüٳһ̣Щ龳ˣҲûӵĻˡ
ҹﷺ˰ͷЩͷƺǲڲͣȰš
֮УȰȴԽԽ
ҹʶҲǻİҪ̫ʶˣСڵͻȻ𣬡ȻҲ֪϶թġ
˵òⱾһƭ֣ҹ΢΢һĨаЦҵʶ͸ͼҪԼеʶĦ棬ȷϧ֪κζԼĸожϸҪЩ龳ħӰ֮УҲֻһģĲǾѣСС㷢ӳҲǲˣҲ˶ѣĦ棬ǲǾ͸óأ
£ҹ磬նɱĲĳһ龳ħӰǽһƬ龳ȫһոˡ
еȻһķħӰֻûôǿҹҲԷֱóֻҪѺܴһܰķʽֱѹȥеһлӰչڻӰٲ֡
ħӰźǿʵģֻϧҹǰʵӳĻᶼûУҽһʧˡ
ħӰһɢ֮ɽħʱɢٴαһƬ
ǰͨһֱǰÿޱȣҹһ͵˾ͷֳһʵĴ
ڼžǳֻһŮӾվ룬ǸոѹڴһС
ҹôĽ忴ҹæʵСûг°ɣ
Сû¡ҹֽС
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᲻Ժʦ鷳ҪҪȥĪСĵ
ӦòˣĦǱĦҮķˣûһʱǻָ˵ģǻָˣʦȥĽѪͲ㣬ħѾٻȡѪܵõ̫ĺôһѵ鷳ӦûԼܶɽٵʱгɣôҵڽȻõġҹȻʶĽ壬ҲͬΪǸܺõİ취
ҹ˵öԣȻһҵ鷳ȴһ㻳ģĦˣǲģħưոݡĽ˵
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Ǿ߰ɣĽħȺСһҵĿϢһ°ɣƬ̹͵ҹ˵
ĽҲ֪ҹıǺܳϣôͰȳû뵽ģΪСţҹҪݸϵҲҪʱġ
˵ħطǳħˣҵڣЩҪȥ֪ʱ䣬οħ֮ôɾͰȳȻҪһġ
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ҹ˵Ƭ̾ͻᵽĽһо֣Ǻ顣
֮ҹƿգƮȥˡ
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ҹƿգƮϿգȴüͷ
Ʈ屾൱͵ĵط˿Ŀ֮ȴһƬǽ壬˵ǣʱҲûصƮ壬£ǴǼҲϳ
Сڣҹš
СڴбɾȮõƣƽСҲûʱȴƽô࣬æӿһڶǰһٶ·
Ʈ֮⣬͸ʯͷˣʩչ
ͨأٲ磬֮䣬ӹʯͷʱ򣬾紺棬û˺˾һ񣬿һ˵˵ĶУͱѹħ
аҲȻ֣а֮꾡˽һצھƶˣȻһ磬ҡ
һͷŰаϯ֮󣬽žʯͷ񱮽µͨһƬƬ֮ʯһ㳯ȥǻʣһڵģȫûˡ

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ȻҶû̫ˣոյһսȴļЩΪߣȴ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱӿһ˿ֲ
ǻƮ忴Ҫ˱˵ĵɽ֮Ʋźá˵
Ҫ汻ЩְƮˣû취ҹ罻ˡ
ҸоЩ֣ҪȥƮӣǶƮͲȤֻһǵʵһʯͷȻǽ𵤾Ϊõֻ֮һں̾ͽˡ
һĻȻûб¶ڱǰϢܿͱԽֱֱ֪ţһš
ȲЩɣ֮صƮ壬ҹˣҲҵǡҲ޷ͨеԵɣʵ֮ǰʵҲܿó
ҪطʱͻȻƿһӣһֻ޴ޱȵɫ
߿ԣ°ɣ
˵֮䣬ֻɫУ˾޴ʲôϵ֮ϣӲһĺڶȥ
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˵ˣȴеŽ˵ʶԷԼܲԷʶǺõˡ
Ҫ֪ҵǵķſǾͻ֪ˡǸڴֱЦ˵
룡ŭаͨ죡
ʯͷ֮ƽ֣ʱһûóаǸҲûҪɱ֣飬޵ĽһǰģһʵҪۿۣڲɱֵ£ʯͷ֮ѷʤȫԸʯͷĶ֡
˿̾ǣͨĽ⣬аķƥ˲ͻֻ޴ƣűһתҪֳֻ׽ʳƬ

һʽ֣Ҳ̹ע˸ǿķķǵأƸǧٿף֮䣬罫֮һ㡣
Ͼǻ񾳣ħٺͨǷƷһ֮£𸶶ɵ˺ҪԶԶöࡣ
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ָֽһţ񱮾Ȼ޵СȥֱڶԷò
ˣҵķˣҹ᲻ңʯͷץغȴ޼£Ϊ񱮸֮ϵѾױնϡ


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һ֮󣬱Ǻжϵģϵȴ׵ĨȥˣɼҪôǿ޴棬ЩЧķҪôʵʯͷЩ˸̫߳࣬ԲŻô׾͵֡
͸쳣أǵȻҹԼֻ־Ͳһˣһ֮¶񱮣ɼʵĲǴģҼȻܵһΣͲ׵֡
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˵һԱƣ޴ָóȴһ־ɱ
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֪Լסȴ״̬£ôҲԳһƬްʯͷһ
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ҪͷҹûӭУзһ赱Ӱ٣ͬʱһԲ
ӴԪ֮ҹһУǵײĵâ˵Ŀⶼյҳһš
һοʱȴֻĽУֱҹֻץסȻڲסزţȴ޷ѷֺ
ȻˣǾͲҪˡҹһۡ

Ʋ֮һڷŭţ±ָֻǴʱָ˰أҲû֮ǰһƣԵޱȡ
ҹңǰȻնɣŭ
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ʱǾƮսĻ˵ܶ޹ˣԲŻŶԷ⼸⡣
ոﲻҹҶΪˣڿܿǾǰƮ壬ȥйȥˡ
һ˸ϵʱֻҹһֳֵһʩչͨƮԼ£һ޵·Ʈ岻
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𣿡ҹһĨаЦҹٿȡ֮赡
Ϲⱬֵͬʱҹֺһ
ؿռ䣬Ǳ赵Ĺâ͸һ㣬һеһУ޷аڡ
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ߣҹҪе˶ɵӣҰ񱮽㣬Ҳ϶Ӳһ߷ҪҲա
ǣ㵹Ǳܶ˴Ȼ㲻˵ֻԴˣҹ۾Ҳһ˿ݣո˵Ҫ飬Ҳֻ˵Цѣֻ룬ıӺʣֻһʵ̫ˣҪҲգ㻹ǹԹɡ
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ܵĳЩƣ޷ʱҲԳϵطǿƿա
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ջûǿƣΪҲһַֻ֮зƿյķ
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ȴ֣ջûЧЧûС
˵Ҫ͵ģôԾأҹһδػԸ㣬ͼƮ壬Ϊҵıֻܰˣúһ°ɣ棡

ֻ棬ͻȻðĻ翴ȥһǿһֻĻһ㡣
֮ȴҵزҽ龳ķܵ޷ܵʹ࣬ɼһֶô˼尾ĥĸܡ
ҵķҸһꡭڲҽ֮УҪв䡣
ãƾ仰һ꣬;û뵽ҹָ˵ɣڸң˭ˣ˭ģΪʲô˵һʹһЩ龳ķڱӦҲܲܰɣ
ӽҧأмشҹ⣬ӣȷǷǳʹֻ࣬ǿеܶѡ
벻ͷЩӲͷǵĺӦûɡҹЦЦ
㡭ӱһֱĬȴͻȻԭѾˣ
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ҹ׷ĻˣѾ֮ͻظ˺ˣҪȥҺ˰ɡӲ
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㻹ǹԹɡҹٴεָ
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´α£ҪúһЩں˵񱮵ȷʲôʵķħ١쾵а֪ǧ飬ûһǺҪĶһֱаĻҲ͵ֶȥˣȴ˵ʲô÷Ϊһ𣿡ҹ
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ΪұǸлԵҪܵǵıҹЦ
ΣӣҲÿħԱֻܹӲдҰ˰ﺣȴû˸ȥẳҹ㽫е׸ˣ˻һЦ˼Ѿ֪ڶʱռǧﺣϣԿԼ٣˿Դ͸Ǹĺ򣬶㲻ϵĻһʧľ壬˽½֮ʱĩա
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ܺãҹɫȻǲ֣ҿֻ̤ƽǰ˰ﶫǵĺˣǲŻ֪ʲôؼˡ
˵һָȥɫڹӿȥ˲ӵȫԷһ㣬ڼҽ֮УһƬ촷ۡ
ҹ磬ֻҪаĻ͸ǡԥһ£ǽҵʵԿԼΪһô˶޷Ļ
ҹֹ֣Է˵ȥ˰ﶫ溣½£һδĻᷨ⺣˵ģֻҪа÷ԸĻǾͲǳˣҪǼһ𣬶һֻԷҰĲֻЩģеķ͸ǣֻٽһҪĵ̡
˵ģĻΣգǽͣɱСõЩˣҲܳΪԷĿꡣ
İɣҲġҹ֮䣬СĽѾֳһƮﲼ·ֻҪ˴Ҿͻ̸ϻõӦûڴǸչӦǲõĵģϾ֮һǺķǣǲֻǸᶯļҲ᱾ŴݺԭȥЩ
壬Ҫȥȥ𣿡ĪСʵǲһǸһȫģҲҪ嶼ǳʲôӵġ
㻹ʵʵشƮ壬ﶼҪȥҶĺҲûʲôÿģ֮ⱲӴŶˡҹϷ˵
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һУǱȻҪȥģ񱮾ǶԺôҲЩ˵ҲҵѣܲȣǲõģȻûеﷵ龳ڵ޴½֮ϣûʲôɱҵʵҹοҵ
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ӣںɽͻȻ֮䶼̻ʾãӴЩʲô𣿡ɻʵ
ҲûʲôɵӣǵȻܿóǺ̻չȥ˭ӲȻ޷ֹǲǺͽ⣬ҪǾͺɣݵ̻ʵһЩһΪ̻ĲҲң̻ᲢǷҪǺɣͬʱҲţиǺˣǻǻ֪Զġҹ
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ˣһЩҪȥȵˣұ㵽һȥ̻飬ֻȫˣҲﲻʲôæ̻ȻԼתˡҹ
Ǻðɣ΢΢ʧ̻ۺʱҪӵģһʱ䣬һ￴ǡ
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ߣʲôǣôȥԼĪСţסĸ첲㣬һҪô壬ȻֶһСˡ
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ȷģʯݵûнʯҲΥŵԣʯ֮꣬ǲġ
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ʯҡͷЦֻΪţΪ濴һߣƺ㽫׿󣬵ʵұȴҶ˽ֻҪѣٻģǰͬն峤Ҫǿ󣡡
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791 ƭĴ
˭̴󾪣Ȼ֪ؽһİˣȻʲôͷ
һɫȥƺûΪֻһҹ뵽ͨһ
ʯҲӽ䱸ֻһİ˻˵Էἰҹ֣һеʱ򣬿ˡ
˵Ƴһۣüͷƾǻ֪˭ǿԹҽ״ˣ֮ǰ֪ɱǵ˭ҲҿͬΪķϣǵһŴˡ
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˵ͬΪ壬Ҳ˵ԷҲǶĺ˶оԷϵֻ˵Էʵ̫ǿˣԶԶǣԲŻɸоӡ
״ˣ֪ʲôڴҪ壿˵ʯݣȴ塣
㲻ʲôǷҪ˵ĻǾǲùҹ࣬Һİ״ЦһȻֻһ˵ѣʵãǸҹһ棬ҪΪ޵Уκ˶Щˣ뱣ܱ˵ġ
ҹȻйǴ֮󣬱ҲûʲôԱ֤ԺҲҹҾǰǶɱҹͲ֪˵ǸĽҲһ㣬ҲֻǺѣڵҹͲҪЩˣǶˣҲκӰ죬鰡ʯݿٵ˵
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ˣʯҲһţŶԷʩ񣬡ֻһ΢СС壬ֵôǵһָˣһ֮һϲСǰȥһ˵Ǳֻл֮ϣܷӳЩ˷龳磬ҲǷ䣬ڲûʹõˣˣֻһ档
Ŷ״˵Ŀ⵹
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״˵ûжɣһֱǰУҪΪʵǿ̫࣬ͲõĶԷǲʲôıơ
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ԷһԵǿߣ֮ⷨУΪѾûôΪԪˣõģֻԴѡ
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֪һǿߣ˵ԼźˣҪ壬ʯݴ˿̽˵ΪסˣԼҲ˴档
Ǹô죿սʿǶһ󽹼
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һָָͨķһ㣬ѸٵطŴǴָĵطâԶʧţǷһѵ
Ŀɿڴû뵽ⷨĵסԷҲþȻ֮ࡣ
Ƿһ˿˿ѷ첻ϵɢȥգ֮Ѿӵ󣬽Ȼһ죬Ȼ޴棬ֻʣԭǸЩĴˡ
ڣȥʱˣ״׵ƭĴۣ


792 ֱ
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һѣΪһѵķᱻô׾Ҿ˵˴֣ҹشŶԷ
ҹ㲻ɱңҴǺˣˣڰ˰ﶫͻ˼ɱҲû֮أЩѣҲܵҰ˰ﺣ׷ɱ˵˱ħ֪Ҫ˶ٱһٸҲܰÿѶס״ȻԼ
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Ļû˵꣬Ѿҹָҭȥ
û˵ķݣҹ̵ˣҪҸᣬֱ𣡡
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793 Ҫ
ҹ״˸׳ȥ̺ʯݵ˶ˡ
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ѵҹǹ״˷ߣԷ
ЩͷҲֲǣϾԷʵͷ򲻹ҹӦЩյġ
룬״˵ȻΪˡ
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ҹҼģ޴ˣţ˵֮ʱǧﺣ򣬽ᱻѪȾɺɫ״˱ߴţӴڶȥ
ҹû׷ֻǻ֮л˼£Ҳûпʲôر֮
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ڴյ״ˣͻȻӲպݺײ˻ȷǰʲôҲûУ϶ΪԼͨʱײǽϡ
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̫ԼˣΪʸսһΣҹȥȴûٶֵ˼ת̵ˣǻ𣿡
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Ҳͬʱ֣ԼڵԪҲͬʧˣʱЩˣҹֶֽţһƬ֮Уκ˶ٶԪֻˡ
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Ī˵ε޹أΪʧȥսʿҲӦģһνʱѾˣôнΪһ֮Ļأ˵
̲ǰˣҲᱻ֪һȫҿԸһϷñ˶ΪڸǸ״һԿңȴбɱսʿҲԼҵͷϣͲôˡҹ˵
⡭ôԣ̴󾪣ǲжҲ鰡
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ĶһЦǣʲô£˵Цġ
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ζüʱ峤ֻʧˣҪˡ̾˿
֪ĶοĶ̵ĺ󱳣˵öԣδκκôȴһ仰ҪǵȻˣǲҪʲôȨ֮ƣǾ͸⺣սһҲҪ˸ҹϾϵ壬ԲǶԹܲ
һһСôԽأҹԹ
ҹʵ㲻ΪսʿоѹĶ˵ҵһǧ飬ͬҲǾż֮һҪеǧǾż֮УΨһһʺˮʹõģһǿ϶Źһ嶯ֻ֣֪ǧжѣֻ߻ûҵңңѣν񣬲Ϊں⣬ڣҲ
̫ˣǿҲһˣǸ׵ļһ˵һҲܱˡҹ
ҾѣǱҲҪĶǿ۾͸¶ּҪ
ǿֻ̤ƽɱˣҹ


794 Ŀ˰
ȿȡʯݱ仰Ǻһ£˵𣿡
ʱǼ˶ѣ嶼ǲˣȻ֪ҹ󵨣˵仰ʯһ
ǰ˰ﶫͳߣǺеһκ˶ҶԺĻ˿Υ棬Ҳλ״ԼǺ˵£Żԭ
֮ǰ˵Ļʯܹ⣬ʵϺܶҲô룬ҹ˵Ҫɱ˺̤ƽȴͲͨ˸ˡ
̤ƽ𣿿϶׵ģǻеÿеģҪɱȴһ飬붼룡
֪һģĶЦһһĴѣҲһ˳еΪҲһݣѣҲܲܡ
ãҪ˵ˣڲǻ񾳣ֻܴˣں̤ƽЩĺ壬ңȥԸЩ֣оǺЩˡҹֹ
ţģԼзִģĶͷ˰ﶫѾ̫ˣΪû˸鷳֪Ϊǰδֳ˴ҰģһΣֵĻһҲɴѹҲźжǿĸ֣ܶ
ҲҹЦЦֻԼȻЩֵѵˡ
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龳֣ǵڿ϶ƵģǱɱ֮󣬶ԷȻҲ֪ˣҹ˵νļѹҪǣѾ֪ױɱ֪ǱɱģҪǿֻŶѣʱӦòж
Ȼأѵֻһǣɻ
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Ҳ˵ھˣͻɱˣҸͲ֣𣿡ʯʵ
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ʯԸȷ档ʯݼ
Ͷʱ򣬾ǿҹڣʯ岻壬ȴʯһõķչ
ʱҲ뵽ҹȻҪͼı˰ĶҪնɱк֮е
ҵԷ˵仰ǳ֮⣬ȴԼû̫ĲţҲ˵ÿ˾ҹЩ
ǻᰡһͳ˰ﶫʯǸ壬Ҳⶫ֮ĸ壬ǵһĺ壬˵ûиķչ˭ţ
ʯսʿȻҪģҲǵڻңȥʯˣκʱ򣬱ԼԼѵֻҪҲ۶صƣһԭдߣһʵһҹվĿ⾼һΪսˣõҪһжΪ
лϾȥ׼ʯݺɶԷһ㡣
ոնҲǿҪˣҹֻǻ֮ͽԷ˽ƻָڵĶ̣ĶһҪӣȻʧѪЩôǱǰҪӽһ㣬ЩƵġ
ʯתߣҹȴֽסǵĿǰ˰ﶫȲҪǵ˵ЩֶѣǶںû̫ʯȴδضһԸһȥսܵĺǡ
ǡʯЩΪվһסģϾԺǲ˵ǵĵҲ˵
ܼ򵥣ھ˵ǾǣҲǾ˭ǺˣֱȾʤ˵ҹЦԺĻǾ͸õˣǻ㹻ʤʯҲٵĸǶǴ⣬Ұʱģʱȥ˵ʲôҲҲǿս˼
ʯǰһȥ׼
ʯߺҹתĶͶ̣ͲЩˣҲǲ˵ΪãֻŴսѪҺҵΪʵҲսȼ˵Ѫ
ȥټˣҲ˵
һκˡĶĵ˵
ǰҹĿԶȥһǵĵ˸ǿ󣬵ҪΪѾñȴǰǿˣңһǲʱ䣬ȽżǲŶԡ
߰ɣҲڴ嵽׿Եʲô̶ءĶ

֮⣬涼кĴѹŵӣսֻһῪʼ
峤ɣǷ˺˵ǰַЩΥ溣˵ĺ壬иҷߣɱ⣡һ峤ָߴ
һɺԣʯݴʯǰȥǾˣûʲôΥ飬ſڿӣȴҪƭԸǲܵ飬еôǧﺣߣɱ⣡
ߣ˵Ѿ´ﵽ֮ڣ治Ȼɱ˺˵ʹߣǻʲô˵ѵΪ˻Ǻ𣿡һ峤Ҳȵ
ߣ޻̸֮˵˵ɱ˺˵ʹߣҪȲɫסʹ߹Ȼϳ壬ʯݴ粵ɱ˺ʹߵʵѹͽǵҲΪˣ壬Ҳ֣ôĵӣʹҲɱһʱûв˭ɱˣ¾Զһ޹ĺ壬ֻһͰ׵ˡ
ף
ͬʱԼҲţƺûɱʹߵʵѵǺˣģ


795 ͬ
嶼ǲͬİƽʱ໥ģҲ̸ʲôΡ
ʯǿȥҲֱ׳ı粵ǱܵؾΪԷ˵ҲЩɺܼ򵥣ôЩСеһ԰ѶԷɳԵӡ
ССĺ壬ֻǴǰǲ֪Էͳﺣ򣬷Ҫˡ
Ҫ˵ɱ˺ʹߣһ龳ǻǲ̫ܵģıƣҲҪʵſܰıʸûС
嶼Լǻᱻһһʱ֮䣬˭ûж֡
λҪô˻ȥúһ£ʯЦЦҪǰ˭ԩҲãɱ˵Ҳã嶼ֻܽǸɱˡ
СС壬ʲôɱеκһһ峤м嶼յ˺˵ĴǴˣҲǣǲҪٽƱˡ
йǺ˵ȴдһ峤ҲӦ϶ɱ˺˵ʹߣŻֻɱǡ
ɱûɱǲġ峤Ҳ͵
ҿɱĲŶԣʯҲɫһսʿЩΥ溣ͽٽź壬ַǵǴ˺һǾҲûм԰ǿԺ𣿡
ܣܣܣ
ʯһš
иǰߣɱʯ
Ȼ嶼ǰȻҲھΪʲôԷִŵ˵Լɱߣҿȥе˶άԼļ԰ԼЩ˵Υ溣ߣܻҪǰģȻҪôȥأ
кػɱһ峤
ͬڣɱ
ܵĺؽͷǰˣǾǺִߣ
嶼͵سš
䡭
ߵľмײϣ̾ײһѪ
ѪȻеңʯƤĴǵķ൱ǿģҲ޷֮ˡ
ǲ£ֻҪûбһɱǾٴĻᡣ
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嶼ǿĴڣʯͳ֮£ȻЩ޷мܵӣһ·ǰƽȥ
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ҵȻǺ£ǹͣǱȻԷӪ֮޷룬ʱǿҲᱻԷɱҹҲܾȻˡ
һ֮󣬹ȻЩһЩˣ̾ȥͬƴڻЩˡ
ˣɱǰȥ
֮ǰһֻǶݵģıȻҪö࣬һЩºʯɱˣǵȻǶԷļսǸͲ¡
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סΪ˵˶ס
ڣΪκеˣ˶Ҫˣ
Щʿ֮䣬֮ΪҴˣҲȷΪ˴ҵľҩƷЩսʿһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬Ͳƣη
ںһ˵ʯȷҹҲҹκθӵĶֻЩ˵ǰһӣϹ뵶ڴҵһ֮еƶָÿ˶оԼľ˵ó档
Щ˶һָоոǲˣǳһ˾޵ҩѪڷţҪðһ
𡭡
ܶ˶쳤ХţǷйԼĲʵԼ֪ҪôȥйԽɺ˳
ɱУǵļǻ𣿡ʯһٹǵʵ
£
ɱǣʯݴŽǵ£ǲˣΪڣͬڣ
ͬڣʯ廹壬ں仰ʱ򣬶ŷЩոձҹ֮лָˣǱκ˶Ųɡ
֮ǰʯ˵ֻҪˣҹεʱ򣬴һţ˭޷ˣΪǸոЩصöˣھȻһоˣΨһܸоľǳ
ʲôͬڵʱǾͲ
ʲôսʿ£Ȼǲսʿ
һսʿȲĸӿ£ǾǼȲսʿ
֪Լǳ֮ͻиĺսʿһ
Щ»صսսʿ彻֮ʱһӱתȥ徹ȻѹƵýڽڰˡ
ôܣλ峤ھš
Ҳ벻ףô˲սʿôǿȴֲ֪ƣսʿ
һɱ˵ĻͲͣЪֻһһնȥ
λ峤ֻǾȶѣЩǰսʿǿ־ˡ
ҲǿĺսʿҲʤ̣ӱ˵ǶǱЩǻǾԼһЩ
ЩƤʯӲƴҲˣпôǿ壬ȻҲеӲƴĴǣǡ
Ȼ̣
Щǿؿȥ
̾иķ岹ȻǸƴš
Щ˵ӵսʿһﱻնڵˡ
һЩûзɣǽƴְһˡ
Ժ֮䣬٣һȥ˰ⲻǸոձԼ˵һôôֻˣұոյʱҪͣ˫ֵ̥
ԣһһոո첲ǶѾĸ첲̶ûУܾܲҵһ
ͬڣʯͻȻһںš
ͬڣʯҲظںš
ֻǱܵģʵܶ˶ڸղţʯ˵ͬûгء
ھȻЩغˣǺһ㡣
ǵ糱ˮɽʯ޿赲ƣǰսʿս壡
סЩ֮Уһڴš
ûãǸͲ׳ǰЩսʿͬһN֮󣬹Źǵƴֲֿĸоʵǲݵġ
ʲô˫̥Ҫֻ˫̥ҲˣôҲܸʮ߰˰̥İɣǸ˶ᱻˡ
ǲǺִߣͬڣһ峤߾ٹǽͼ֤Լ˵ǶԵġ
û˿ΪͲźߡ
˼Ǳ߶ˣһһ˭վ߶Ǻ񣿾Ҳģ˰ɣ
ߣͶ׳ǵĸ壬һ翹ףұ֤ǵˣûһԻҹͻȻ˵ˡ
ͶԲɱʯ̻⣬ֻһΣǲȻɱ
˸ƴ˰ǵаþˣǷʱˣλ峤۾һ


796 Ѫ
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϶а
λ峤˵˵ʲôͬڡ˵ˡ
ҲźԼͬڵģȻҲᱻԷôңǺ˼ͬһ
апܣϾ޴½ϣкܶ಻ͬаһЩܶʱ˻ָǰҪ͵аҲ˵
ֻҪаǿ϶ֻкôҲҪӦĴ۵ģȻҲͲаˡ
ƩƵػָˣܵ״̬ܿʧľǼʮ꼸ʮ͸֧ȻԺкܴǵõȴĿܴܺ
Ҳֻһֲ²ѣֲ²⣬ҵȶһ£ΪͨһаҲƵã峤ӦһʱޣߴƣֻҪȵǹʱЧ֮Ҳ˷ʱˡ
ҹʱ嶼ڲسˣ͸ʯ壬Ǻη׷
֮岻׷ˣҲٳˣһָ˽ֵ״̬
ôʯݿŰ˫ٴʵǲ
аþˣλ峤˵ܼʿô˵ʱ򣬴ҶٺˣҲ
ԼҲˣЩаþˣȻõľƣǾȻ׷ɱվԼԼЩôͶأЦ
Լҵ˼Ҳʰ֮ǰʧȥġ
ڳĬ㹻ʱ֮λ峤һۣȻͬʱ˹ǵɱɱЩûаĺߣ
ҹЦһʯݵͷ
ʯҲͬǵɱɱЩڤ粻ĺߣ
ɱɱɱ
ɱȻʿǿˮһӿȥ
ǲɱģָֻܻѣڽĻָ֮Уÿ˶ֵĸоԼԶᱻɱһ
һɱ֮ǰҪ޼ɵ
һĻȻǱֵ忴ˣЩսʿǣ˸¡
˵ԷаþѵʱЧûµһֿʼˣ
ôһԥʱѾһƬ
û취սһпĵطȫעҲܱ֤Լǰȫģοأ
ﰡǻô
ڻڻǻɱ
ɱңɱңҲˣͶҪͶ
еĴ򷨣͵˲š
Ȼ˶һЩܵ˲ת˺֮ԶصزˡֻǸ𣬾ҹĻָ֮£һ˰̶û¡
ⲻǸԼģжֵجΡ
һ˵һͶ֮󣬴ƬƬĺսʿӶƬƬ±Ͷˡ
峤ҲһãȻⳡ̻ûô򣬾ôϡͿؾͰˡ
ԼʵǱͷû˵̴̶ֳȣǻ֪ô£ǾͲ峤ˡ
ͶһԼĹǵ
ȻʣҲֻܸŶԷѹǵ׵
Ͷ·һȺµʹ߹֮󣬿԰Щȫ𣬵ʱʾˡ
ʯתҹĶʱȻԼġ
Ķ峤ôҹҲʵ
ĶЩɻҹѾʤˣƺѾˣҹʲô˼أ
Ȼ֮䣬Щˡ
ԷֻͶѣԼߵʵûôǿ󣬶ԷʱԾûҹʱʱǲôǿսġ
ԼΪ񾳣ҲֻԳ֣Щ峤ѹˣȴȫսһսɱ
ȻǶԷͶǽܻǲܣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҫôȴþûа취˵ڡ
ҹµƾĶ˵
ҹҲûΪתͷʯݣֻ˵һ֣ɱ
ʯ֪ҹ˵һǵǰһӣظ֮ǰǾ仰ɱɱЩߣ
ҪǶͶ˵ģ
Ҫĸ壬ҲҪ
ûбѺˣĿ϶峤˱ѵģ
ҲҪҲҪ˵ʹһԸ׷壬ڡ
Щ˶ʧ룬Ҳû뵽ѾͶˣȻǻᱻɱֻǷ˱µٶȸ˶ѡ
峤û뵽ΪԼͶ˾Էĸ壬ҲֻһȨ֮ƣȵһк˵Ϣ֮ǾͿ̻ع鵽Լԭĵλ
ЩߣȻкõ³
˭֪ɱ¾û֮ͣǰ죬ЩķˣǱɱ˿ħ
վһ峤ͻȻ֮ٲĳˡ
ҲսҲսһ峤Ҳɿ
ɱɱЩˣǻܻŻȥֻܶ˭ŵģ͸һɱ峤ʿسȥ
Ķҹһ
Ķ⣬Ȿ֮ǰ˵õ顣
𣬻֮â͸ƺˮû˿谭سλ峤ǰ
˻ûüӦ˵ٻ𵤣ʩչͨˣѾһ˱м
峤ˣ
ոٴһ˿ս⣬ҪˣϢֱӳһҲûվ
ЩûӣѾɵˣ峤ֽ𵤾ֻǶԷһ֮䣬Ѿ촷ۣǶԷ峤ԸԼĻԼ϶ñ峤Ҫ飡
ˮһսǺʿģԵ֣ô򶼲ºòӵսʿǸʲôЧЩѾţöԷһնˡ
ǸոջԷͶһΣʿ䵽˵͵㣬òλ峤ѣһž͸ɱȥԼûɱȥͱĩˣʿûõ˹ȵ׵Ĺȵס
Ϊʲô
Щ˻ǲ⣬ǹԭػţΪʲôǲϽͶѵͶթ԰ԼͶ
ԳУǰ˵ֻһͶĻᣬǷˣȻˣֻܱɱԼѡ񡣡ʯݴ˵
ˣնɱŵ˵壬Ҳڱնɱ塣
ЩŽһĵģԼٶȣŸΪȫķɱȥ
ɱڽţһƬˮȾѪɫҲѪϡ
Ҫ𣿡ǰһƬ״ɫЩ԰ףѵ˵
ǷҪˡҹҡҡͷ
ǡΪʲôһҪЩͶȫɱЩʣ֮кܶ˶Ͷġ
ΪЩѪÿһ̶ࡣҹ̾˿˵


797 ͶҪ
˰ﶫôôģһһȥÿһսʮˣ˰ﶫȫҲûʲôˣҹƽ˵Щܵˣһ˵ʲôԪֻҪһҰĵˣͻ̷˹ҧñˣҲ
ֻҪ׺ݵİ취Щ˳״£Ҫľ罵ȫɱԺֺʱ򣬲ٴǾͻԶͶ˭ƣΪ⣬ʯݽӹǿЩѾͶĺȥ̣ҪÿսսʿſԲϵ׳ԼͬʱҲǵ򡣡
ˣ΢΢ͷⳡʵǡ
ȷѪһЩҹҲţһɱˣҲˣǲôȵĺ嶼ַʱȾ캣ˮģͻѪԸ⿴𣿡
̣ǲٱţĶſƣһŷӫӫâƮţǧҲǺص֮ҪҪЮҹҪõǧ飬һζû·ֻһսȾ춫˰ĺˮҲҪ˰ڲ
ǣС㣬֪ˡ̵ҲһĨȻ
һŭʬѪǧ
һսȻûţҲȻȾһƬˮ
ʱҹİҹЩʬȫ촷ۡ
壬ȻһΣȴֱ֮ǰɱȥ
ȻûзѶ֮У˸ĽǿӴ֮⣬˼ûеֿѾͶˡ
ԭû֮ǰżӳļбѾǰߵҽˣͶҪ磬ȻҪͶûлˣ
ǰҲк֮սͨҲὫԷնɱ峤ЩΪߵĻᱻɱһֿܻᱻ²ūͣЩܻᱻ
֮ܶлֻҪһ֣ȫɱ
峤ѾûˣЩսʿɱ˸ɾʣЩ˻ʲôɵֿģʵʵͶӲ
֮ս֮ǰĲ֮Գ˳ٶȾˡ
ʯݣոͶսʿձɢ뵽Ķ֮УͬҪЩˣһѹҹԸ
ǣʯ̾ȥ죡
ʯҲ˷飬ֻѾ
עһսҹԶǻûƮɢѪ
ǰĶҲ̾һܸоһս֮ǷҪأ
ɣʵҲ̫ϲĸо̾͸ӲϲˣǼȻߵһǾֻһ·ɱȥˡҹε
ĶĬһ£Σ嶼ѣԺʱӭһҪ￴ǡ
ǵȻġҹЦЦ

˵ģעһսһͻֹͣձ֮ٴν
ǧﺣǶһǣǱһǳǰƽĺ
֮ܶطѪϣС壬ûпս֮ǰѾͶ˴룬Ͳ˶֣ЩĵѾԼ˸˳ȥ
˿̵Ѿ֪ձ˶ٸ壬ҹҲѶԶˣֻսŻЩ˵һơ
ÿͶĺ嶼ֵţԼͶһǵòǵѡΪǲվ뺣ͬڵһϡ
Ǻ񣡡ʯݵΪȻߣȴսӵָӡ
û˸ȥϣҹĶĶ֮⣬ʯݾȨˡ
˲ʯݹʯԼ֣ʯսʿܿͽ̻ơ
ڲϵս֮УǵĿںҲظıţǡͬڡΪܺڲڣֻҪҹھͺˡ
ʵҲˣûиҺôҹȴܽҴӿ֮о˵һš
񲢲Ǻ񣬶Ϊ㹻ʵɳ˺ġ
Ҳ֪Ǵ𣬷ͳε֮УԽԽǹ㷺ҴҲǳͬЩ
µĴԣΪ˸µĺŻ
ԴҲڻԵɺ֮£ʹҹҹֻЦЦûлش𣬵ܶ˶ΪҹĬˡ
˭µĺ
ƺԶ׼
ҹڰ壬ܴ֮𾴣ΪҲߵģȻλŵĶ峤
ĶǺ𣿻ڻǣҲһǣ
һԭ򣬻ΪûпĶ֣ڲõʱ֮ĶЩ˵Ը
һеǿĺ壬ǰǧﺣκһ壬Ҫǿ˲֪ٱǻ񾳾Ǹ峤ǵһڡ
սսʿǶʮֽţΪǴûмʶ񾳵ǿߣ˳֣»֮ͻһƬǸҲβðɣ
սʿû̫־壬ЩոձձȴЩֻˣȻʱĶȻ֡
˾ȫȻⲻһŮĵطĶһ֮սλ񾳣·磬һˡ
еǧ飬Ǳ仯ǧԶ޷һ̻ʲô޷ȥ׽ԷΡ
ںˮ֮УĶһԼһ㣬ɿƿһУ۶ԷͨʩչڵһʱƽⲢҷ
ھ֮£ʣһӡ
Ķûȥ׷Ϊһ׹⽵䣬Ǹɵػ˻ҽ
ʣµЩˣʯһ䡰ԸһͶĻᡱ̾ͳ˴ҷˣټĺ壬Ȼֻɱ˱յİͼ֮¡
λڳؽţЩϾҪ¶ǰĺ壬һţԼʲôʱΪԷһĿꡣ
ĵһ죬ǸͶǸ÷һ£
ǻڿţţ붫Զһ̻Ҳݱæµš
˵ݵķչ֮죬ҲΪ֮𾪣ڵõֵ֧֮󣬸ǿչ˳ޱȡ
ͬϺͲݣЩѾ⣬Ҳ̻⣬ҪһЩ
ЩûŵĲ෴ǻǿԽܵġ
Ͼ飬ڴ˵̫ڿأǿصĻɢ޵
ǰһɢ޶ʧ⼸ʲôٹʮ꣬ݻû˿ѡŵˡ
Ǵܳܵ飬ڵʵǿû˸ŵӵļ룬ֻ˥䣬Ǻܿµ顣


798 ŮūҲ
µǣĲǴҶһǺԽԽġ
һֱţĽǣںɽ֮߳ɱŴ棬ֻʣˡ
ܵˣ϶ųԶĿ⣬һ۲ŴԵϲΪһ󣬻˵һӣ;ܾ̻
һ̻͵Ǳ޴½ϿɣҲûκѹơ
Ҳǰżǿԣڰ֮е̻ҲѸٵ׳ţҳ֮⣬ʼ˼
ҹЩ̻Ȼڻط֮УЩǶһ޶ģÿһΪһƷ
޴˶һָоȻ̻ûгţǵݵıɳʱ򣬺ֽ̻޴½ĵš
ȻûռκһݣȴŶûеģӹ򣬸ͨϢиۺĲ
ҲŵĻ֮ϣ̻Ȳ㿴̻Щ¼ٿǱڲЩ֪ͨǵĵӿ϶ҲǴģվ˼ӵеġ
ٳһķ龳̻˵ĵˣۺʵ»һ
˵Ҫһ龳ô׵ģǺ̻һţã̻Ѿ˸һ֮ˡ
ؼҹ˵ҹֻǻ񾳣ڵʢ֮ǰλϳ̽ҹʵյĽ˴һ
龳֣ȻûֹܹҹڣҶԷǺ˵ؽˡ
˵ʱ˵λڴģһ֣ҹܲܽڣΪҹӦԣλû˰գǵһҲ̲סֽȥ
Уֽ˵ˣһյĽûгɹ
ɴ˿ɼҹ񾳣Ÿ龳һս֮ҡսʤĿԣ
ҹ˭ڴҶѾİˣ̻ĴС㣬Ҳں̻ƿˣĹϵһҹͻɺ̻Ůֺ̻ᣬ̻Ҳ޿ܡ
ȻЩǴҵĲ²⣬Ǵ֮УǺִ󣬿һƺҲһֵɢ޶ף顣
˵˵˵ͻһ
ԴˣҹȻǲ֪ڶ̤ƽ˰Ĵҵ
ҲţֻһķչԼҵ
еĵǺ죬ÿ֮⣬ûˡ
ҹ顭ÿοŮʱ򣬶òѶԷ
ҹ޷ӭȢԼŮԷмŮһľɫҶԷԹأǲܸıġ
Ǵǰһ뾡һа취ȰŮȥӽҹڣȴҪԷԶһ㡣
Է𣬶Ҫ˷£ȻעòǾͲҪٴʲô롣
ڵʵϸ⣬ҹҲ֪㵽ȥ׷״ţҹͳ֮ġ
ȥԼҵŮûгޣѾƻˣԺĸ꿡ܣԸأ
һԷ϶ɵҹǿƣڶ˭Ҳ֪ҹϲİǲԺͻΪһ
ף㲻Ҫ˵ˣзִġȻǰһ˵
Ҫ֪ҹҪ뿪ģʱʧ٣δȴѾ֮޵ʱԴ΢΢ε
ΣȴȫȻ⣬ȻңĲı䡣
ɵŮѵΪЩίҹͻж𣿡֪ŮĪһھ͵˶Է˼
΢Ҳ˼ֿɬֻһ˲ѣͻָ֮ǰӣƺҲˡ
С㻹Ǻܳ飬ֻǸҹˣЩ÷ˡ컹ҪȰ˵ʲôȴͻȻ֮ð˳
Ϊһ⵽˵ĹԺ̻Ѿ˲ٵĸַ
˵ĵҲûзֶԷĶɼԷһǿߣһշǿߣ
շֻз龳ǿ߲ܶõģ۷嶼޷Ȼųֻһ֪һҪ߶ãҪôѲһ
η˵Ϊʲôһйֵ
ΣΣǸصе˵˵֮Ǹҹմ˹ϵǻһЩ鷳ɲѡ񣬾ͿСҹ˵ǲ㹻Ҫˡ
̻ҹȷкҲǺѣҪʲôܿԸᣬҪŮ̽ҹҿɲˣҹԼӣŮ֮䣬ҪҹЭҵ̻ᣬȴߴ·̧֡
ǲǴֻеץ˲֪ҺòŮӣҹĲЭץŮūҲǸѡ񡣡˳Ц˼
޳֮ͽҺ̻ȻֻСС̻ᣬҲ¸κ˽֣ովǸǿߣû뵽㾹Ȼ޳СˣһҿµݣҪں̻˷ˣҺ㵽ס
Ǻ죬˵ǻ۷壬ֻ벽͵˷龳ǸصЦҿԸ㣬벽Ĳ࣬ȴرҪɱ㣬͸һֻû̫ķֱ𡣡
첻˵ֻĬĬڲ̽ŶԷķλȻǶԷ˵ҪҵԷλã治һ׵飬ǶԷΪһ̨׵ʱ
ģ߰ɣҪ㣬û˭סҡһִֻӿ˳ֻһ̽˺ĵĸǰ
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һĻ𣬾ںĵǰһѺɫĵش̴ֻĵĴ֡
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Ҳ֪ҹǰһ˶ȻಫҲ㹻֤Էʵڷ龳
˿ڣŸаܱסģĻһء
ҽġƽذڳһ
ÿҹ֮ãһҹֱӾͷ˶սһӴԽú΢΢Щο
ʲôˣҹ˵
ԷȫӦѾʧһ
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799 ϶
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ֻǿеļѣ¹غ˳ɾɵĴҵ㲻ҲˣȻҪȡ֮Ǵ治ŭ
治ĸ֣һ˵ôôЦûиĴʣҲһ˵ôҶ˸ˡҹ
ҹ㲻ţȻĶ֣ͿԳưԷ龳޵ˣԵоҲֻܻɢٴתĻᶼûСӶݺݵķ龳඼벻ˮҲֻʣ±ʵ߳ɣɱףȴҲ㲻ı£Ǻ˲һһҲնɱ㣬Ҫ֪ҿɲһ뿪ˮʵ½塣
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˵ʲôײǱɱ½ϣЩŵӡ
лңҲѡһϲĵطҿ԰ɱںҲ½棬ҹֵ˾ô˵ظ˵ѡ񡣡
ɶ񣡡һҹ
ۻãһɽѹ˹Ǵľ磬԰˸ˡ
̻ǱϮһֶĴײţҲЩ۾ĸо
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Լƫʩչͨ÷֮ʱټԼǿչֳԼʵ
ǰôǿ׳࣬ȴõͨһ赭дؾ͵˿ʵ벻ףôġ
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һȭͨٶҲ죬˵Ƿ龳ǿߣһͨҲ׾Ͷ㿪ȥ
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ٴλȭٶȲ죬Ǹ֪Ϊʲôվ㶼һ£һνʵʵذһȭ
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Ϊ龳ȿԼķҸоðɡҹƵ˵
ͷһҹ𣬶ȴǱҹʴˡ
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ֻͻȻڻǰ¶ֻһֻ֣һƴڶԷĶͷ档
һǿķ龳Ȼʧˡ
𣿡ʵˣ
ͨ龳мǷˣǱ嶥ҲʧһЩʵ̫ķǱˣԭбķҲһɢټˡ
ı壬ҹͷ˵һոսķ龳ʵϴ͵ϮǵǸףǸûŪôģҪںǰ͵͵ܳϮǵġ
񣿡ص˵˰ﶫĺӦ˵죬ڶ̾ʱɲˣʵӦ൱ǣ½£Ҳˣ˰ﶫŻΪ˵ڵأû˭ȥǵ鷳ô⺣Ҫ𣿡
Ҳ̫Ǻ񲻸ֻڰ˰ﶫҪ޴½ļʹԼʵһЩպöҵļУңҹЩεŮǡ
˭Ҳ벻ôܹأ˰˰ﶫ޾壬һ鷳顣첻޵ĵ
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800 ǻӰ
ҹ磬Ʈˣö࣡Ӱֳ˵
Ŷҹû̫ȣֻЦʵлŵ𣿡
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ǺðɣɩҸ˵һСЩ˵һ䣬ʶȤذӰȡˡ
ո˵ʲôҪƽϢ鷳ʵ
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˰ﶫ˾ۼأΪ½ңЩ½ǿҲȥǡ
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ӵ޴Ľ֮󣬾ҹҪ󿹺⣬ʱˡ
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ģһġҹЦţһʧˡ
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ΪĿһ£Ҳ֪ø˵ʲôá

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˵֮Уһ龳ڣЩͬĶ˵
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˾ͷˣ˵Ҳֻһ˷裬Լ֮ǰ˵Ҫ壬һ̤ƽ˰ﶫ˲һҲ˵𣿡ҹĿԶt㿴ڣ˰ﶫѾд붼ǵƿ֮ˣǵһѣôأ
Ķ˵òҹҶΪˣʵҹûз衣
һֱ֣ܳʲôԭѵľǣһ㽫ͳ˶Ķȫʳô˵ôȥͼıǵķĶͻȻֵ
ҹָָЩǰƽսʿǣµսʿѪиĵȻǽģҲò֮󣬺ҲӦÿҪжˣʲôĶܲԴеġ
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תǴʲôʱʼģҶ̫سָоڴҶԵ£Ѿˡ
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һڱˣ˭뵽Ȼ˴˵еĺ񣬰˵ʵԽǿԽãǿҪĳ̶ȣǾ͵ˣȻ£˭ػǣ
Ҫˣ֪ò٣֮ǰ̫Сˡ̾˿
ţ֪ĿܱûҪ࣬ҹ˵Ĵ̽޴½ϴż֮гֵΪЩϢԸӵϵΪ֮ʣһʢܻܿᱻֱɵڣͨĴֻҪüͿһ㣬㲻ͬΪʱʵ̫ˣ㲻ܷһֱǿѹԼԼɽ磬һϵͻۻֱҲ޷ѹƵʱѾͨķܹڱεˣԲŻϣǼ޴½֮ϡ
ԭҲ֪̾˿˵ģѹԼΪǿ޴½ڴڷ֮һٳɾǿߣȴԼҪõǾżǱŸߵķȻһ֮ȴʵ
ԵĲҵʵǱ˶̬ȣΪȥЩ龳ÿˣһ飬ǽԼͷһ𱬵ǲڴܸͬھҲöԷʲôҲòҹЦ˵̫Щ龳ʵˣΪǿԱʵûС
Ҵһʼرȥ׳ɹһЩ˵
˵ǰˣ˵˵ڴôɣҹǸĹ򣬡ҿóϾҪŲסˣʲôԣǿ˵ɡ
Ĭһ£Ժһ˰ﶫкң壬֮ʣ֮λ롭峤Ķ˰ﶫ壬ͬ޴½½ʿʹҶԳΪΥĶɱ֮Ȩ䷥ߡ
˰˰ÿһ嶼һЩں֮ϣǺ壬Ҳ˲ԡ
ڶĺ嶼ձĺҲ⡣
ҸҵǣûиˣĶһĺ񣬶ЩǸһ˴ˡ
лˣĶл
лңһбӦõģ嵭Ȼ˰ﶫںܾǰҲƿأ񲻹ǻع鵽жѣһ㣬֮ҹİעⶫִƣֻöǿԣɾ֮԰
Ը御ԵԸΪʿޡĶ
˾ͺãƺЩοȻгһգҲҵľ磬̰࣬;
Ķ룬ɫ⻪һǧ˸žӨ⸡֣ǧ飬ˮϵҲǺ壬ΪʲӦΪڱһЩɣ
Ǻǣһǧ飬Ϊƿص˶Ц
Ķа취Ķᶨһ·Ҳ壬ǧʱȴʮΣܴ¶Ҳƿض
ΪҹҹղǺ壬壬ǻߵġֵ
Ķ޷ƿضǧ飬ҲǶЩԱѣЩ龳Ȼ޷ɱǣȻˣڴáĶִŵ
̾˿ΪػѾû뵽˼֮һҪӴö࣬ý⺣֮λ㣬Ҳнյ顣
ǧ顣Ķ
ǧɣ˿ȻòˣЩį漴οҵǿԸһЩҸһССɡ
һ͵ĹâĶϡ


803 
ĶԡһͶůĹâ֮УϵϢƺҲů͹֮ģΪ
ҹĸ֪֮УĶͻƻ񾳲õΪȻһ
ȻȥǻȴŲ赲ͷ
ⲻֱ鵤֮ĵҩԶʱڰ˵ʵһأֻҲֿΪǿʵĵҩ˺˵Ǳʹ˵ҩˣԺҲ޷д
ʵһеʵһģȻĶǱˡ
תʱ䣿ҹڿŵ
ȻȥĶڸͬһռĶʱȴѾı䣬ٻǸɽһʮ꣬Ǽ¶ѡ
ڲֱȻתʱøֻ࣬һʹһ꣬ĶΪŻۼسɳ
͸ĶĻֻʱ䣬ֹ͹âһִˮϵ
ͨŤתʱ䣬ս֮⵱Ȼǻٵسɳˡ
ˡ
ĹĶ֮ϵնϣĶڣȴҫ۵Ĺâ
ָֻҹһμʱӣ欶ȫλɫıʯ׺š
ʱЩʯȴȻر仯ɫɱʯص𽥳˵ɫֱ˵ɫڱºͶŵĽɫ
Ͷ֮䣬һֵϷΪΪʵ
ǰ幫ٲȻѾϸ߹ϵĶŮʣ
лˣĶǹл
ҲˣЦЦͻȻҹһɽ㣬ȻҲó֮ţջɽġ
ðɣߺáҹֵ
峤Цնȥգۼûв֪ʱ
˲°ɣĶĵ
׽ٶ˵ʮֲֿģԽĴͻԽ׽٣ڲ˵ʱӦˣȻһ顣
֮ǰʮа˾ǹȥģǸոһͨҲǣңʱ٣ӦѲסġҹӦ
𣿡ĶæʣıǸҲ𣿡
ʵǱģмᶨǱûʲôȥ٣ҹ˵Ժܶʿħͷ׶ɹ٣ΪʿܻžԼֵ֮ʱ޷Ŵ󣬽ʧУֻлһ;ħͷȴһͷǼᶨΪԼκζǶҲΪԼдǱ㲻Էɾħ
˵ħɻҪ𣿡ĶЦ˵ħͷΪѣ˳ɹߡ
ΪϺҳִ֮ˣ񵽲ô񣬶ΪԼдƽƭùˣȴ޷ƭùԼ֮ԱƣħעҪӼѡҹͷ϶Է˵еȻͼȥҵķЩȷûô˵һʼȥҽĻмֳɹĻᣬǧпܱߵġ
ĶһЦ˵˵ȥ˵϶ǲỻĶԲԣ
ȻҹεͷϵķõϰߵģĿ˭һˣҶģҿɲһ˵仰ͻġ
ԺҲˡĶͻȻ
Ǿͺáҹ
ôҪ𣿡Ķʡ
ǵģҹͷѾƽˣǹٷϿɵģҲǣҲȥɧˣҸҪȥˡ
ҪЩ龳ȥЩ鷳Ķ
˲Ҫ˵Цˣҹһ֣ǻǺڰɡ
Ķû˵ͻȻսһӰһص°׳ۣݳˮж֮ҲŷǷ
˵ҹһҹˣһ飬һ硣
һݷǷǱҹˣҲô˲ͬˡ
ĽݣĶһ˿ӵɫֻһ˲䣬ֺܺõʾôϷô
ҳ֮˵صܻЩ鷳ұһڿһĽݵһЦ㣬ΪʵѾ֮£ǧⶫ֮ڣӦǲʲôΣˡ
ܣĶûн仰ǽҹ˳λ˵ҼʱȹһĽĳϡ
ҹĪĽΪ
ȻǿףҹȷöԷʮ˵ãĳϣѾʮ˲𣬶ҹҲ͸ԷΪʵ͸˿϶ʮ
Ķ˵λǡ
֪ĽºһЦҲ֣ͬȴԴһɸ֮λ֮ǰ忹УǧﺣΪһ֮޴½߳ƵһҹĽҲĽѾãյüƽ¡
ˡҹҲһЦԷ񣬡ѾƽҲҪߵʱǾͲλģиˡ
ֻֻ߲ˡĽͻȻ˵
Ŷҹ΢üͷ֪ʲô˼
ֲҪᣬĽҡ֣ͨһЩ֮޴½ڻ֮ʣҲǹؼ֮ˣĻرܣȴκˣվǶ㲻ġ
˼ҵãõùӾûŶ𣿡ҹЦ
ĶڿڣȻֱһĻ뻰Цˡ
˵ЦˣҸղ˵ȴʵĽֵͬʱҲ޴½˵޴½߼ֱӦ߸֮ˣ֮ǰ۳֣ҳŵػʮ꣬Ϊ߸֮ףʵϣ˵оżӦҲӦǾŸ֮ˣżûȫôлرأ
Ŷҹεмˡ
˵ģ͹һΣκ˶֪ģȴһڵ֮ӣǲм١
νҹôţʱƫƫ޿ɱܣҲò·һ·񱼡
ɻҲ֮ǰһһҪ˴ֱȥ֮ءĽŵ
ʲôطҹʵ
֮⣬˰ԭڣСһĽ秵˵
ҹȻȫ⣬һǺȻģǼ԰˰ԭһǡ
һǵĻȷҪȥһˣϾ̻̾ţǰݵٺã̻ҲὫǸˡ
˵ں̻һӦҩ¼ǳһǣΪĵصС
ҹƺ뵽ʲôһӶԸղǾʫ˸̵⡣
ĽǷҲǼ᣿ҹʵ


804 ̽
ҹ뷨֣ϴżʱĶһּصķʽμᣬȻûкҹͻûк飬˵ã˭
ˣμκε֮Ľ̹ȻЦ˵䲻¼ЦĻͨһЩԼƳȥ̰ͼЩǴ޴½еÿһҪĲжʲô壬żʱҲζ֮˾룬޴½ͻᵽת۵ʱ̡
ת۵Ǹ˭йϵҹ˵ֻϣйϵˣӼܵ磬ٴܵ˰
Ҳ֪˭йϵת۾תۣҲֻеʱװɣĽЦô˵ڴ֮ǰ߲ġ
ǺǣֻſˣȻ˵һ£ҾȥһһǰɣǺڣҹ˵䣬Ѿƿˡ
ʵǷ龳ʵĽҹƿգһҲûиоȡ
ȷܴܷ龳ģһɡĶͷ
Ϊͬһˣ֮ӡĽ
ĶȴҡҡͷΪʲôûָо
֮䣬ͳ֮ʱİ˰ﶫУѵ֮𣿡ĽЦ
ǡĶҪȴͷǰɡ
Һҹʵͬһˣһˣ֮ˣŻøĽ͵ֻΪԭ֮ǰһֱ޷㣬֮ˡ
ĽݣĶæ˵֮УҼȻǺΪҲ˷֮ҲȷʱӦԼһЩˣҲȥˣҹ˵öԣûбԼɿˣ֪ǿԵġ
Ľ΢΢һ£ͷ룬Ȼãֻ֪֮
ܲұ㲻ˡĶǵ

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һȻ֮УҺ̻ʵҲţµŶˣҲҶ̻ʲôɣĵ
ˣΪǺǶ̻᲻ǵżңҡͷڵһǣͲǰ˵ֻһйķԴضѣ̻󲿷ҪĵҩͷƣһˣȻӰ쵽̻ᣬݵⶼһҡ
ǶһЩֹȻżһ⣬˵óס޳Ծ֮⣬Ҳǰɣĵ
ٴҡͷĵǣż᲻Ǻ̻µйأĻһżƱػ״ӰģȻҺ̻ᡣ
̫ģҹͻȻҲ̻ļλϣҲӦɾˣżĿ᲻Ӱ쵽̻µң̻άֶ̫ѵġ
ӣĵǰһ鶼Ѿ𣿻רΪż
Ѿƽˣҵ鷳˵żҲĸйصĻҲȷ˵̻һҡҹ˵
ҹˣοǼλǶں̻˵ȷһ£һɱ䣬ʼŷңվǳ֮ƣȻõˡ
ˣǲҪһЩһҲһ±ŵĳɫһҲüŶ̻ʵܴǰΪҪ̻ڶӦǶ̻㹻ʶֻжԵȵݣγȹ̵ĺҹ
ţ˵е¾ȥɣЩѰˣֻǺܿͻᵽˡ˵
ǣף̾ȥ졣ӦȻתҹȥҪȥżڿ𣿡
ȻҪȥġҹͷ
Եȣһһˡ˵תȥ
ҹҲûоܾʱȻλϵӦһЩĵػʧҪִط֮ĵҩ¾Ͳô׵˰ɣ
ҪƳǲܣֻû˵ػ֧֣ʦҪͻһЩ֮ǰһǼʦҲһ£ټѾǷİ취˼λϣҲԻƳԵҩȻͬǰٶȻóҹ͵
ҹҲͿǹһˣοҲһ㣬ڸʱѾΪԺķˣ̻㣬ҸŮ֮ҡ
᳤ˣҹǫȻڵĺ̻ᣬҲһЩǺ̻󲿷ֵ鷳ҲҴģҪ˵һǲҾӹ˺᳤ͱ˴ȵˣǻᱻֱҹȥˡ
Цֻ֮˵Ҫ뿪޴½ʵҲѵûпǹҪﳤ𣿱ϾЩҵʱѾȥˣ˰ﶫԱ֮޴½֮ϣҲû˭鷳ˡ
Ǻǣ᳤˵Ұ޴½ַһ飬Ѿûеÿ˰ɣҹҲЦ֮˵ڱѾûǣңﻹĸףǳʱҲˣҪȥһ£лᣬǻص
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪޷Ȱȥֻչˣ̻治ʧȥŽʦȻȥЩ˵ҺҲϣ̻ܽᵱѣⱲӶΪ̻һŵҩȼˮҲá
һġҹͷ
Ĵʱɹӣǿˡ
ҹ˵ͷһȥ
ڶԷָ֮£˲֮͵˳⡣
ʱѾвΧǴ˵еڣǲûпĵǰ
ʵǲһ޴ĵضѣֻݵĵطûϴιʥôţֻ¶һʯš
ҹǸоνĴ󣬵ȷŲ׵ڸողʱ״̬ӡһ龳Ҳ㹻ˡ
ⷨҲ֪˶꣬Ѿ˥ΪŻᱻ˷˴й©Ϣ
ҹͺǶ˶Աá
һһŲСģ˵￴˰ˣȴûƳǺڴҹְܳѷƵҲÿ
ҹȴûнӽ΢΢üʶ֮̽˹ȥͻȻһˣ
䡭


805 
ʯţһ֮Уͨͨû
ӿңҵһʵĳڣ˲Ѿɸ߶ȣΧ۵ѹȥ
ҹУһȥҶû˱û
Ҳ˵һЩĳմһң̾ͱǣЩͰѸ첲ϵ
ǿ֪ıҹסֻҪһ˲䣬Ϳ԰˱޵Ļ
죬޾緢ţ˿ûͣµ˼
˶Ҳ֪⵽ô£ĵﻹһ˿ңҺ֮ǰû˰ⷨƿƿˣ˶ȥĻʱһǲ롣
ӣôҲɻ
ڻ֪Һ·нƵģȻԸոֱеʦҪˡҹҲ̾ҵ
㵹õģ֮ǰѾøʦֹͣ˴żüĿ֮пʼĵɫҲЩأڵӣż𣿶һֱ緢ǶһǶвɣ
ҹ̯̯֣飬Ƿ龳Ҳûа취ı䣬صʱѾⶫǲһֱõȥӦѰˡ
һҹͷĵҲ׷׸ֻһΣûżǴΣôˣֻһѡ
ǸȻõ貨ҲģֻǴ˴ٳֵģѾȫ֮ǰĽ֮
ڵಢûг֣ȡ֮һж洫ӣûôΪҲԵøӺ࣬Ҳ֪ҹ̫Ըֳϣҹ֣Բҹʲôͻİš
ںɽ󣬸Ǹһͨӹ˲ҹ
ֻ˵ʵ֪ڵſ֮У˭ùҹ
һ֣ѹƲҹοЩ񾳶ûԲĵء
ҹ˵صô£˵żôұ鲼ڻûֹͣҹҲʵ
Ҳ˾Ϳңһ֪ڿֻе֮ͣ󣬲Ż֪ʲôҹȷֻ֪ðʵ˵
ӣֹͣ緢ˣҪȥҲǺΣյ飬õǸ緢Ŷڣҡͷ൱һɽ˭֪ʲôʱͻ緢أǲ緢Ҳ϶ңǽ𵤾ʿȥҲ˵Ա
ʦ˵ҲϿ˵һ֣˿УһǼλʱԻһȥȻ֮壬Ӧްġ
ǾȶлʦˣʾлõҲ΢΢ʾ⡣
ڸеһ洫ˡҹΪ͵˵
ģֻǲ֪ˣĵһֻԼµһţԼ˼˵ģȷģǶлִֵĵȻһЦ
ţҪлĻҲӦлңΪ貨һôõ̳ˣлңĻʵҺƵִ飬Ͳÿˣʲôʱִ̫ʦǣҲ͵̡ҹЦ˵
ںɽˣҲ֪Ǳҹ̵Ľ˶һִʹΪһЩִ߻ħһ
쿴ֹͣˣҲ֪˭ںš
ҹȥȻͣ
ʩչֿ˹һĻ
˵Ҿֹͣ¶ҲӦǼѳܵģǸҵĶڴȴѸٵȥҪɱʯͷӡ
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ȻЩŵģӦһȫˡ룬ǵһϺĽ͡
ʦ˵еǻ᲻бʣǾͲ˵ˣֵҪʱ׼һ£õʱˡҹʵбİ취Ʃ˶װƾǲᱻ˵ġ
ûչʾԼ̫Ļ˵ø˻
ģҺѾﵽ˽һĶֻҪһţϲ˵λʦáʵҲ֪ҹǲģҹ˵ȻǸϵõĴǸλ
ţǾˡҹʾ֮ĿһۣöԷҪԶԼһż֮Ծȥ
Ǽȥ֮ڵĵҲ֮룬ںɽĵӶǿЦһ£ҲӲͷƤȥˡ
ҹ˸ղŵĶԻҲˣҲŵ˵ҪΪһǿֻԴǸŮӣ˵Ҳһѣ̫Ѿ¾ͻᱻˡ
ҲֲöԷϾԼŶû̫Լ¶ҪȻҲᱻ̽鱨ˡ
ЩЩͨСɺɢǣǱǼӹһЩ׷׶Ŵڽż֮С
Щ˶Ǿðյģ￴ЩطΣգȲһȥ̽޵յأϾأżȴǺܰġ
⵽ǲż֮ǰһֱֻ֪ķ²⣬һ֮󣬴̾Ͷ϶ȷһżɡ
֮һͨÿһͨǽ棬һЩֵֹķţеĻһЩͼûһǴܿöĶ
˵ˣҹǿֻ̫⣬ӦһĪͨҪƾЩͼ͸е£Ҳġ
ҲȥͨѾ㹻Լãʱ˵ģͷܻԼЩͨأɲ±顣
ЩǡڴҶҴƳʱõȴפ㲻ǰﻹ૵˵ʲôԭ
Ŷҹߣ˿̲ɫȷ
ż֮ʱҹǸżթͨר͸õģھȻǳһżʯ
ϴҵõĳкܶط͸ˣƺȱһЩμ㣬Ҳûа취ͻƣǿЩͼ֮󣬺ǿԸҵõĶöණӭжˡõĿȻΪֶ˷ܡ
ô˵ϴεõӦһƪĶĳҹ΢΢š
˵ⲻ̫ܣʵô죬ҹҲûбİ취͡
һƲţĳͨľͷȵغš


806 Կ
̾˲˹ȥȻѾȷﲻʲôңȻõһ￴ЩôͼǸطȥѰңʱžͱĵˡ
ĵҲоЩͼһҲû˼ˣЩͼǸϲżķ
ȻҪԭΪо˰죬Ҳһûв͸ȥνš
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ҪЩһһ͸õתͷʦһȥɣùңʱҲ鷳ġ
һΪʦûȻЩһܴţҲӰȫһЩȴ̾ͷõ뷨Ϊ
Ǻðɣȥ濴ʲôһᾡġҹЦ
ѾȷĶʺʦˡݸһЦ
ص׶γڶңҶΪҶػãĻǿ϶һϵŴҶȽ˽⣬ҹͷȻﶼпػĸ֣Ҫ˵¼ػΪʿҲģȻҪǸˣ˵Ϊһʵļ̳ߣŻġ
˵õҲ֮һʱҹôţǺȴΪߣӵһԼıӦòʲô⡣
õԡ壬¼ܸƥķ϶ǻϵУ˵Ҳֻķθˡ
ܾ֮ǰʱҹڲص׵ôγɵģΪһﲢûʲôɽҲû˵йɽ緢ľȴû뵽һϵ
ȷ֮ҹ˷ֱǸżŵĵطȥ
ҹʱֻ˶ֻȴţҲ΢΢üͷȴûκǰһ
ųʳɫҲ֪ʲôʯͷɣ滹µ·ڻţ²һжɵؽš
ڴŵ벿֣һι״İ֪ǶʲôõģЩͼ·ǽЩһ˭͸˰֡
ҹ˿֮Ҳ΢΢ҡͷⶫҲֻõܿҲΪġ
Ҳβ͸𣿡ľȵ
ҹЦһ˵ЦˣҲβ͸Ķкܶܶ࣬ҿɲǰͨ
ҲЦһô˵Դϴһսܸҹ֮ȥ˵Ĺ켣ֶԷһսİ汾۵ʲôطܽһ꣬󶼲ʲôǴռˣͷһΣҲŶԷ϶չ¶ȴû뵽ԷҲûпʲô
ӣ᲻һԿ׵ڣͻȻʵ
˶Ȼҹ
Ȼʮֲϲͷˣڵĵطûбʲô¶ˣֶһϣ˵һҹܴżķָԼԵǾ˹ʺˡ
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ʦ֣ô죬ֶûа취ȥͣȥҲҪЩɢһЩ̵
þţİοҹ϶ǿֶġ
ǰ䣬˶ǰһΪʲô취һ䣬ǲûˤͷ
ҹֶԣҲ֪£Ǹʲôϵ
˵ҹ᲻ᶯְǻڶԷ˶֪ȥĶԼﶼѾˣʱʲôأ
Ȼһ󣬵ȴûƴҵĽֻҪڻܿԼ뿪żӦþͲ⣬ڵЩҩҲԶʧʲôġĵ
ǡ˶ЩϧЩʯҵš
ﻹôʯŶûнҲкܶǽȥģֻҪܽȥĶҲĶ
һٲʲôصķأǿˣ
˶ò⣬ǲߣҲкܴ⣬һʱ
ȻǲߣҲǿλˡҲٶ໰ϾⲻԼڵĵӣҲֻһ¡
ҲǱ⣬˽һֱӾԼˣЩȥɱˡ
˿ĴԽЩɢȺֱȥˣ˵Ļġ
ղŵʱҲЩţչڹƭǣǻȷ
ȷôǻǲܾҪ߻
˲ͬһɣȻҲᷲ¶Լﻰó˻һۣȴǶһͬľ
Ҫ
Щɢ޿Ϊʲôǲԣ̰ŴһЩʲô˵ģ
˱̰ģ̰ǵõĺöǸ̰һЩô
˵ѾʧҹһˣǵʵӦǿģ״̬ʱǵʵҲӦ㹻ѹЩɢޡ
ֻҪܱƣõ࣬ôģһˡ
֮ȥ֮ҩͻɢֻҪžͺˡ
֮Ҳͣ٣һһʯҵ󹦷Ѿʯұǽȥ޹
֮ǰǵȾͷʯңһ䶼ûܽȥڣȫǲ˹
ˣǻţ֮ǰǼʯĶһǱҹˣȴԼʲôҲûУǰ˵ɵˡ
㲻ҹõģġġ⼸Ҳ϶ѶߣֻǶ̫թˣ˶֮󣬶ԼĴָκ˶ΪʲôûеõĽƻ
⼸ڷ֮УȴûзԼ۾ɫЩɢһ̳ţǵҲ֮͵ø̰

һߣҹĽŲǰһ̹;һƬɫĺ
ط滹ǵ͵͵ʯͷñ֮ǰӵֻͣһĸ߶ȡ
ȻǰĿӣֵ͵͵Ŀռ䣬һѹֵĸо
ټˮںɫ˾طƵء
ô£һϣؿǰɽֵĺɫ
Ҳ֮վҲ֪Щʲô
λҪˣһȥ̽һ£ȽϰȫһЩطҲ֪ʲôҹȰ
Ҫôȥ˹죬ûĿռ䣬źУκε㶼޷ܡĵ
ģмߣӦþΪ׼ġҹָһ¡
ĺˣŷڲԶȻͣһҲĴֻֻҲͨɫˮںһ𣬼ֱͷֲ˴
طһֻǸӹ𣿡ҡͷȻҲܵʦõİΣҹĵطóȻȥʲôǵľٶ֪Ϊʵܸʤ񾳣վǷ飬һʲô״ǰҲݵ棬Ǿ͸û˿Ծʦˡ
ԾҪʦȥ͸ҹ˵֮£ҲûоԵİգܽĸ֣һżˡ
ⲻܣҡͷڲ֪ʦǷڽżĴУʦһ֣żĻ˵ʦˣ˵ʦڱչ֮УκδŶղҲġ
˵˵ȥֻȥ̽һ£ҹЦǾͲҪ˵ʲôˣʦЩȥɣѾоżЩҩſҪӰ쵽ǵǺˡ
Ŷһ̽飬Ҳ΢΢ɫҪôѵԲӰ𣿡
壬Щ˲ҵģǸҵߣҪչǣǾͲһˡҹ
ǡðɡͬ˳һʱ֮ڲĻһǡ
ʱڵҩҪɢҲҪһһҹʱ䣬ʱҩӰ죬Ҫһһҹ֮ٶȴܼҩǵӰ죬Ȼʱ䳤ˣһӰ쿪ʼЧ˶ᱻƣԤȵ趨һȥЩɢһ̰ôҲ֪ҹٴ֣صѵ
һ˵ΪʲôȥˣԭżЩԼֿ˵Ķ
Ǻãһһҹ֮ǻûгұƴҲѰʦá˵
αô棬ҳȥҲǰ״ԼصǸ͸زҹЦ
ûһֱˡ
ţҹתͷȻĺģ㻹ߣ


811 
ҲߡĺƽҲܼ
ѵûҸղŵĻ𣿡ҹֻᱻҩӰ죬Ӷܶ⣬ʱ򶼲ܿƵġ
ԣǼֵ֪ǿԵģֻǲȥѣ֮ǰ֮Ϳ԰ЩѾ˽ѣοֻһˣ㵱Ȼ԰ҽѡ
Ҳֻ֮ǰҲûа취Ըҩô죿ҹʵ
ȻԼҲ̫Ը˵ҩò˵ҲһǱڵΣ
иõİ취ΪʲôҪһȥգ
ҲܣһҶҪһ𡣡ֱӳСȥȥڴϡ
ڵɽڵĺˮڵСȴ޴½һŮ˹龰Ǳһ˿¾ǰǻ𺣵ɽҲס˹ȥĽŲ
Ȼɽ˵͵£ֱ˹ȥ϶ǻͷġ
ҹҲ֪ķʲôƢƽˣȴǿһȥҲֻøС̤ȥ
С󣬲Ҳֻ˶ѣ̧ʯڡ
Ȼ֮ǰĳˮԵúܿ㣬ͷѹ֣ȴһо
ҹźµʱ΢΢һ£漴㰲
ҹûмôǷֻӳ˵׵֮Ԫû뵽ĵڣЩ̰ҩۡ
֪а취ġĵ
Ҳκ鶼а취ҹˣ֮֮ɡ
һУٴλƣԪ֮ڰϣС뿪
Ȼ濴һ˶ܸоˮˮǳĳȥ
ȻǶ֪õҹСˮС
СƯţһֱƯʱûͣ
ʱҹʶ֮ʱȻκεĶ
ҹҪѡһѰʱߵĺͻȻ
ôˣҹԸо˶ԷЩԾ
ҡŬҪӣҺú¡
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˵ʱĶҩֱҪܴ߷˱ܵĸ֪
Ʃ֮ǰ˱ø̰ҩͨô޷ȥһˣƱػֹӶȥ÷Ŷ˳֣Щɢ޾ͻԼһһˡ
ںȻһ֣Ȼ˿־
ΪʿǿľҪǵˣһ˼Ŀ־壬ǿʵҲӲһ
Ǽ˵Ŀ־壬ֵֻûУһֻ꺢ˣҪɱҲǺ׵顣
Ҫ£ҹο˵ͬʱʩչһ׵Ԫ
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ҡҲŬҪԼȴôŬ뵽Ψһ飬Ǻ¡
ʲôֻ֪Ǿã־飬ͶǰĳһʱԵһ
Щ޷ԼҪԼ˶ϣò־ĥ˼
ȻոһѾҹץס
ֻĴ֣ƺǸЩİȫУúһҵ˸嶼˹
ֻ֣Ǳε߬ţ˿ɿ
ʲôװŪҹ壬һʱЩȣ˲ͺȳ
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ӣˡıǸ
֮ǰȥȴһҪҩҲʲôЧڿҹĻӦˣһҹ޷׿ƵĶ
Ȼǲ̰ȴһĸܡ
Ҫ˵ƺ֪ôˣҹĴȥʶ֮Էõʶ˻ûֵĸӦ֪Ҳܵƣѡй
ô˵վ㣬Ļ֮ǰ͸һ˳ȥҲᷢˡε
⻰ո£һƺֿ־ĸоһϮһξҹ֣Ҳ޷ǿ־Լ
ҡļѵţȴȻ޼£ڿ־֮Уƺʲôˡ
ҹԥһ£ڻǿ˵ſʶҵʶȥ
΢΢һ£漴㱻ʹ棬϶˵һСƾӡ
ҹҲٳɣһʶ͸ĵü롣
ڶԷü֮䣬ƺһȻĹâ˸֮ڻźĵʶ֮
ʶһʿһ壬ͨ˳ս֮⣬˻ὫԼȫ̻¶ˣܵʱ򣬻ȭͷȥҶԷȴһ·§һͬĵ
ʱΪ֮ԭʶ֮Ҫ̽뵽һ˵ͨҲһֹԷʶ֮ݡ
ҹģȴҪĵʶںϡ
ںǺΣյģΪǰٷְٵ໥Σһһһ˱ܵķܻܿɺܻĽ
ҹ˵ģڱܵʶӦ֮£źĵıܹʶҲӦķӦʱ˭ҲⲻĽˡ
ڣҹ֪ôĻĿܻᱻĳĪʶ
־ȥľлȥˡ
ǻ񾳣ڣֻһŮӣԱС
ҹҲȫֲƿµʶ֮£ֻѡĵʶںϣҲа취סʶпܻɱܻᱻ˹ʶӶһ˲ݡ
ҹСŶԷʶĵʶȻҲڲţǶһʶȴûȥų⣬żƵؿš
ںϵĹ̲û̫ѣֻһ˲䣬ĵĴӿ뵽ҹ
ҹСĵزȥĶЩϾÿ˶Լܡ
Ҳͨ£һ˲ʶſһ˵ԭһˣԷ׵ؿ㣬κζǸʶ˵ˣڶԷ粻һ˿Ρ
һʶκͷҪ𣬰⵱һҹںĵʶ֮
ĵ建Ҳп־ı飬ƽʡ
˵ʶ֮ںһźĹâҲ˴ڡ


812 ˫
ҹ壬ǻĹľ壬Ǽʣʶڵʱ򣬸ǲ΢ĺӦ
֮ǰʱҹöҹʱ򣬾Լ׵֮ŻָĹľʱʺӦʱ򣬻ĹľƺǶȻ֮ǰǿ
ֻԺкôͬҲҹ塣
ҹսﶼɣҲǿޱȣ׵Ԫƺһޱ޵壬ٶʵ̫죬⻹һЩ޷ƾĵطƩǿ󣬵Ѿǰǰ㴿ҹԼܸоġ
ڻĹľϢϴӵеʣҲõֲʴڡ
Ϊǣ˵ʶںһ𣬲ĵʶ֮ȹ˵ʶԿɼٶȳɳš
ҹӵһЩʶķɳٶҲ١
˫ޣ
ҹһʡ
޵֮䣬ķʽЧȻϵģʶȴҲǰţʿ˵̶ֳȵӴ˵Ҫ̡
һʱЩΪѣΪԺģ
ҹֻ֪һˣҹʶʶ֮У֮ǰںţҹʶ˲ҲڵһʱˣҲ֪ոֻΪ˾ңĲ㣬Ҳ˶Ҫŵʲôġ
ȿȡҹæջԼʶͬʱҲֳ˳
ȴͷҪôһû뿪΢΢һת˶ϡ
ֻϣ֪ҵ⡭ʵδıĵɫ΢죬ںڰ֮ԵЩʣȴԽŶ˵ɫǷңǲֻϲһˡ
ҡҹһʱоЩȡ
йɳ嶯߶Էʵﲻֻһˣϲܶˣ⵱ȻϲģҲϲõĪСȻҲϲǰĺġ
̧źĵļ¡
ƺҲоֻӦЩȴ΢΢۾ȴŶԷһĶ
ߡ
ȻҹֲûȥƶȻһ߬ȭͷҲһߣͬʱһӴܻɢȥ
һֱڰЩС˵ļͲʧ𣿡ҹܴÿһ䶼˶Ĥۡ
ҹ㡭΢΢Щʧ䣬ͬʱҲ֣ոȷʵЩԡ
ûв´Ǹڰ˳֡ҹ򵥵˵
Ҳף˵ıԣһ̰ڶǿ־壬ոյģÿ˶
ţҹѾӴվ
ո˵ʶںϣ֪ʲôʱͷϵĿռѾҲ֮ǰӿࡣ
ʱվڴϣĿǰһСĵطǸСϣҲĿһӰ
һۣͷ׷ûпСķָֻǾֹģǴĳôš
ӣڵ٣ڴģʱһЩŹֵĶֱָֻ۶ûж
ĴʱҲվȻͬر۰׷˸ˡ
ż֮УͻȻ֮ðһˣȷЩ֡
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Сؿ˶̤˰ϣֻ۾˵ϡ
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仰ָϵĶȻͣˣ۾ſҹ
˫۾ʮ͸żֹĪ⣬һ۾ܿ͸һ㡣
ҹû˵ʲôߵĺȴһᣬȥ
˵𣿡ҹûиеȣԷʶ֮ǿޱȣԶԶǺĵʶֵܵסģһ۾ͻȥҲֻǶԷɱֶѡ
Ҫõż𣿡ʵ
롣ҹ̹Ȼ
۱ȶԷش֮̾ͽŽȥҹĴ𰸣ȴһ¡
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ҪҵǸżǸˡҹȶԷʣֱӾͰԼĴ𰸽ˡ
ŶȤشҹ˵ǸСŮ𣿳õǸŮһƯ
ô˵֪ҹʮ򶨡
֪һҪ㣬ЦЦЦ˿еΪ̫ܿıζ벻õǸŮ޵ͬʱżҲõ֣
а취ҹʵ
Ȼа취취Ҷкôһܾϵָ˴ݵЦݡ
˵˵ҹҲżȻ˵а취õûʲôΣյģҪȷǸڻǰȫģҪ֮󣬲ܿʼ㡣
ЩΪˣΪҪģɱǸץǸ顣һ˵˸ҪϢ
˵ż֮Уһ飬һˣҹ΢΢ɻš
˼۵ͷӦ׼ȷһЩҺ˶ͬһ飬֮֮ʱӡڴ˵أȴ֪˫飬֮֮гһͻķӡܿҲᱻЯߣ֮ЩֽţֻǺ϶Ϊһſٴο˭ҲʹˣˣҲһѡ
ŶΪʲôҪľȻѾǾ½ݣͻ˷ӡҲ޹زŶԣѵҪԼĺˣҹʵ
Ҫ֮ԼۺǺһЦӵˣȻҲһֶͨĳ̶ȣѾǰˣ겻Ҳת
˵᣿ҹʵ
ǶᣬǶĻ˵ĺѪѾɣ츳Ҳѹ̶Ҫԭľ磬ǱȻǧѣһʺԼҲ£ҵˣҲٻĲ֮ټ϶ķҲܴԽʵˣľҲضȽǿڶ֮ʱˣҲתȻת븾˵̥֮УӤûвʶʱ򣬱Ѿϣ൱һΡ۽͵
ԭҹҲš
⼸൱Ͷһ̥Ͷ̥ҲôͶģȻܶ˶ȥͶˡ


813 õߵ
תǷҲֵķգҹٴʵ
зգתǺôȻȶʮ꣬ܵõһģʺԼ壬ʮʿ˵һζ˭Ҳôõ·Ӳߡ
ȻҲǻзյģûжɹ׽ٵʿҪתȻҲɹ֮ȻԼǰһ鶼ǵһɶһͶ̥һ޶ˣۺȻһЦǶɹ׽ٵǿߣתҲδؾһ˳ܷԼļ䣬Ҳֻ֮䡣
ҹӳˣԭתҪɹ׽ٵ˲ûжɹ׽ٵʿת֮û˴ǰļ䣬ǻͶ̥Ҳûʲô˭֪Լһʲôأ
˾Ͳһˣɹ׽֮ǻһĻǵԼǰ飬ĳɹˣͿԴӤʼǰľ飬һȻ˳˳ˮҲûʲô赲ġ
ǵǸˣҪԼת֮ȡЩֶΣǺתʧܣ˵ʧȥԼļ䣬ҲûܹȡȥһҲͳõһ飬ҲԶûа취ӳȥҹе磬˼ǣҸһ𣬰һɱ𣿡
ӿɽ̣һ䣬Ϸ˼ģܹɹǼģҲõɣٱ겻ĵ£һõĺ¡
𣿡ҹüëһ£㲻˵Ǽû飬ֻǷһһʱˣҵõһȴҪΪƴƴһǿսȻһõĺ𣿿Ƕ˵һðɣʱһҲ˵ܽͻƽƣҳΪǷˣңʲôҲ䲻£ĺ£㻹ԼŰɡ
ǺǣȻһˣҲ۲û͵ؿ˶Էһۣ˵òǼ൱ҵı壬Һһ飬˶زȥҲ㱻˺ܶ࣬һκһɱԷ򷨱̾Ϳ¿ʣµһԿʼƿطǿ뿪ż
ҹ̯̯֣ʾЩѾ˵ˣ˵ЩԼ֪顣
ûκιϵʵȻ۳ŵϵĺɨһۣ֮ǰԿ־֮Ůӣʶڣһɼ֮ϵǳںϽʱٴգ㾹ȻֿܵסΪŲһŮӰɣ㲻ɱһ飬İǸŮˣᱻãпܣڱѾǰɱҵ·ˡ
ܺðˣҸ֣һɱˣǸӿһЩһҲòǲһõʱҵҲͻˡҹЦ
ߣõȷǺ㲻ҪˣǸɲ˵ΪĵȰ˵𣿡ЩϷʵ˵
ôҹɫƵ˵
ֱܻܿӸѵϣȻɱңѻܻܲ߳Ц˼
ҹûбŵҲǰжģҪɱˣһ׵飬һصʯţҪ˶׹ǵĿ֮Уʱô˶Ѿʧأȴûг֣ɼʲô˶ҪģֻΪʵģҲʵˣҪЩûбʧǣֲ뿪ż֣ǵĿģ²Ϊ˰˵õΪȻԼ
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôƺЩͷˣǵʱ䲢࣬һûиѣҲһʩչֶΣɱң⼸ǿ϶ģΪֻһɢˣһ߳żҿԴӦ㣬߳żһңҿԷ֣ȻûҲ˵һֻҪʮָܻ˳ɵ˿ɺã
أҹЩŵȥôţ㵽ʱǼҪ֪һ飬õײ飬ûǳżȥ
ԸҪҲô۱ЩЪ˹ܿͿż֮УܿǵҩΪЩΪ˽żЩ׼ôˣкܶ඼Ϊ˿ƣż֮ÿһ꣬ǱͶһʹ࣬Щż֮еˣҪܰٱЩ㵱Ȼ⣬ֻҪ뿪żԼһطԣҼֱûС
ҹһ£ȻĻȫţҲɴ˿ɼǼˣþĻۿȥҲǶ͸ˡ
ãͬ㣬ҵѹˣһһ㡣ҹһЩĺ顣
ţϷҲʳԣȻҶԣͲʵĶˣұֻҪ棬ԱǼҪ࣬ת֮ģƺҪ֤ԼֻҪɱһ飬Ǽ˵ġ
㻹ûиңһʲôӵҹʵ
ɡ˵
ҹĬţ˼ʲôһ֮ٴεͷôҪҵһ飬ɱ˵Ҫôɡ
ȲҪżǰҲ̾ͶѣΪһᱻ̫࣬ʱδؾܴùңǲò˵ҵǸѣȴ൱ģż֮Уܹõ֮࣬ҪмĲ𡣡˵Ρ
ŶҹƺЩ̫š
ǸСŮʱѾ츳ڼ̳ɿ˵ѵѡˣż֮ǿԽɵģҲ֮ãΪֻ»Ҫȵǰͬʱ򣬲ػżȡķֻҪһʵ֮󣬾ͿԽ÷֮½շɱ۽͵úϸתǳɹȻȻʺǼɣͳĺ֣֮⣬ҲЩʺ츳ʮʺϵˣҲռˣͬҲܽɵˡ
ô˵˭õ˭͸аʤԲԣҹЦЦȥ
㲻ˣҵڰ˵ȷǲһЩȻ𲢷֮һɱңֻһߵĲ𣬾עˣڸѹŮ޵ʱ򣬵ȷˣ̹ȻسԼʧܣΪۣ޷ǸŮһǿңŻһ̽㣬ǷһߵĻʤ
ô֪һأҹǺһЦ


814 
Ҿ㣬ʵԼҲܲµһЩ֮˼֮ȻҲȳΪҵϱȲǸۣŻἱǰ۲һȻ츳ˣҲδѲܿ۱ľģҪֻ֣ǻᱻԷƵȫңҲѾٵģĵ˵š
ðɣ㻹û˵Ӧôҹüë˵ǿ㣬õܽõҲǿңǿʤ㲻߰
ȷˣʮ̹ףѿ㣬Ȼ㹥۲ῼǲһ㣬ֱСŮޣڿʱ֣һڲ֪£ܱܿһɱ㡣
ֲܿӣڻԺ𣿡ҹʵ
ż֮УǲԸȵģ֮򲻹㣬һɱ㣬ȴѹҪһͬȻȲǸСŮޣܹǱԭҪǿһЩҪЩãԷֵĳҵļ㣬ֻҪ֮СŮޱȻԿ㣬ʱ㲻㹥ˡ۽ҹ
㣬ҹûоܾȻгǧȴٴһЩõġ
۵ٿһĽӶȻƻȴһµϢ
ڽת֮УҹȻһ˽У۵Ȼһ̨ס
𣿡ʵ
ҹͷҡø˹һȷûףΪǽȻȥˣȴް·ôལһйɵĶûС
ʤǵ˵ˣðѽһУ⻹ҪýһҲܽõĻɢѾܶˡ
츳ȻҪǸҪܶ࣬һţϧϧҡͷ̾Ϣš
ϧòֻһŰ㣬ҲҪԹҰ㣬ܹǱһҪǿҹҲգ㻹ϸĽ˵һ£ʻǱȽϴģҪҶ̲ᣬԼҲǿȥ
һ£ϸ⽣ǹ̶ĽУҲĶһʮָӵķʽ㣬ھͽķ㣬٣Ǳ㿴Լˡ
֮ҹﰵһݡ
ڵ㳤Ͼ;ͨ˵Ȼ֮ǰζսʤ֮ǶǶԷΪʱƵķ㳤ʵֱԵơ
ԭҲ֪֮ҪɵҪʹ֮˵պ˵õɣǲ֮ͨĸ̫࣬óٷ֮һﵽ˵
Ǿɣҵѧǰÿζõʮϡҹ
۶ͷƮ˺ߣ˿Ҳû˵ʲôԹҹ츳̫ֻ֤ԼʵۣǸ츳õôûȡأ
ҹû˵ôȻʱ֮ڣȫ֮ľ裬ź۵ĺ«ưȴҲӳ
ܺã˺ĿԵֹһֵĳֻҪһֹȥǰ۾Ҳûл֮ˣǰǸСŮҲռǼ˵⻰ʱ򣬲һ˿Զ׼ĵġ
ÿ˶ܾܾջż֮УջǺѵֵ
еѡ񣬺ʵԸȥһױջˣƩѾԵĺġ
ЩױջˣԼָӣһľżһŪͿˣҹȴͬʲôԲ⣬ֻ̾ͻᷴˮ
ҪһȴᷴˮĻ飬ԶһޱһЩȴΪԼõĿܡ
ϧҲûеѡżƵģһҲֻ˳ӦڵĹߡ
ȻҲߵһѡҹѡĵĻҹСվô׵óѣ
һжǱƵģһһ߳Ĳоֻ֣ܰоˡ
¡
ҹðҹͣϰʱͻȻΧʯڶڲǴʯ֮дʲô޴ĳ
ˡЦһҾ˵ǲȥǵģõһ˺츳Ͳ˷̫ʱ䣬һἱҪɱ
ۣ˵òҾȥΪ˼ġʯдһۼһģȻʯдģȻǰ۵ְɣǲƿһС
仰ڸһ˵ҹһ֪ڸõ˵õһĳַ˶Է֮ϵ
㻹֣ʱ۽˵
вҲҹȻ
Ѫ㻹ǰӵһȻѾܲˣѧ˼Һ

һʯڣȻ˵ڻһɾ޴ڷš
϶ǸСŮۣԼ۲ôٲ֣ҾҪ㺦ˣ۽
Ҫżܺã㲻СˣһǵÿĽ죬ռֽġҹǿ۵ûӺ۵Ľ飬̾ͳֵ˼
ѪֹԼһʲôֱ֣Ǹ
֮£ֻԼԶ֣
һʩչʱѾýֱֲͣɶƣ֮ǰʱһֻڵٶƺ죬ָ˲Ӱ֮С
ҹûȥעǱߵж޴ֻǽĿȫں۵һ˫ϡ
һĲӰֱӱ˫۸˹ȥľһűֽͼƬһ㣬ʱҹ΢ɲƺǶʮ⡣
䡭
Ǳ˵õľ޴ײһ֮£ƺû̫⡣
ʮǱߵõҲû̾͹ϣҲǱ֮ǰһ˹ơ
ٲ֣ϷջظոյĳŵˣҲһòۿҹϾվŹսʱŭӡ
ǺǣʹˣҪôĻҹǺЦţ㿴ҵڶûվ˼ǱȥӦúԼûˣҪһˣһ£Ͳˡ
ҧгݣȴһ취ûС
ֻܽҹһһưҹҲǳһʱ֮Ȼһذ֮ɡ
ҹ˵ڶûдվԷǱȥҲ˵վǻֵģԼҲվмֻᡣ
̵֮֮֮޿֮ʱһΣ
۱ţѵô
ʱ̣ƣƺոյһУѾҵ˸ľ͸оһεҪǿ˲١


815 ˭ǿ
ȵһĻ޲źۺҹԼϵĺϯ۴żֱҹ
ˣ㲻ҪһԹƵģҳ־ˡҹֵ̯
⻹ࡣһչûа׷
Ҫȵһ£Ҳ֪ҵ츳̫һ˿϶ֹֻ˺ˣһߵĻᡣҹ˵ţı˺۵ĺ棬ͬԼһ𣬶۵
˼
۶ʱоޱȣǸԼƵģôԼͳأ
ͲϤ⹥ֵһϷŻ֣һ١ۻ˵ȥȴҹˡ
鰡˵ȥһƾҪˣĿ㰡ҪϿɹ۸ߡҹȰ˵š
㡭۶ʱɫϣҿѪܱ֮óѪˡ
Ӳı
϶Էҹûʱ䣬Ҫٲ֣Ļᱻһˣʱǰٳû֣ûл·
˫һΣ仯ָӰ֮ǰҪĪ⣬Ͽ֮γһԲεĻһ㣬ޱȾ޴ȥ
ۡ
𣬻;޴ĵʧ
ߡƺһûеˣȴ˲ơ
һλʧ֮󣬶Ĺȴû̾ͣһ֮£ȴѸһವش
Ȼû̫ƣһſһӵصʵ֮ǰҪӹöࡣ
ҹоһλһٿطɳ
һߣ֮е˲ϨǱ紵һ㡣
ķȻûͣϢֱķȥ
ҹˢػգ¶ĵڿͣһɲǣֶȻ棬һʮֹŹֵķʽ
ÿһ֮䣬ƺûʲôɿԣڵ֮ȴһϸϸǣţԽǣԽһɽѹ֮䴫ݳȥ
ˣǰ۵
һҹǰֱʯڣҪס⡣
ҹôôõģҹٽֹĵ̷ʽ֮ǰǲϻ۵Ҳ֮䣬ѵȥױȵٶǰš
˭ҹӰֻܿһǰĺڵ
˭ܿѺڵıվһͬ޿ɵֵˡ
ǽӵٶƺ죬ںڵ֮ǰһ½档
ҹҲһ֣˫źڵݺݳʯд˹ȥ
ꡭ
ҹֱûȻʯڻѸٵţҹȻ˳ٽйˡ
ţܲû뵽һ˵ס۵Ĺǵʤִһɡۿҹݵӣο˵
㣬ѵôˣȥ𣿡˿佱֮ҹһѺ۵ĸĵԨ
ĬĬţ֮֮֮
ˣ˵ģ˵ǰ˫飬һ˽⣬ֻԾŰɣҹʵ
ǵʵǿԷոֻǶԷһʱ⣬㲻ҪΪľɵսʤ֮ˣˣѵҲ뾡ǰ۸ɱ𣿡յұκ˶ҪһЩ뿪ΪûӦǾԼֵطһ̵ƣǽǵʱǸַ㶼Ҫ࣬ټ츳ϾǸǿܲǱߣѾˣҪѶԷնɱ
˵ף㻹ǶԼĲҹ
ĵǺ㣬ҲͷˣˡҲһʾ
ǵĵصң˵ҾͿˡҹǺոԹʵ֮ͻȻãǸʲôҲ֪ͲôСˡ
Ŷεˣû뵽ҹȻսոǸͷˡ
ôţҹʵ
۵ıѾڸ߶Էȷǲ̫ţɣֵһԵġ
ðɣҿ԰ط㣬޷սʤҲһҪȫˣǻЩİ취ҲǾȫˡ˵
Ͷ˰ǰɣҹʵ
ȿȡһΣǱһ
İɣ˻ģȻӦȥûоջǲıġҹᶨ
갡Ǻüᶨ
Ǻǣֻ˵ЦѣԸһҪƵһ˵ķһǿģǽ˵ķһƵЩˣ֣һԽѹƣֻľѹƣǲö޴ӣɱ˰ۣΨһˡҹƻ
ЦһȻҹ仰͸ȥҲҪǰȥģȻҹ˵˶Էķڣûмãǿɾ̫˷ˡ
ˣ߰ɡҹԷ˵ֱӾ͵ĬˣְѺķŽ˿ߴŶԷ

ѾյúǾոһǿƵģΪʲôʱı⣿ڸõš
ǰѺڵõܼ򵥵
ڵЩ⣬ϸ֮ȴ΢΢ͷȷǺһվûż֮УôǿûĴ˼ɣǱֱӽ֮ѹʲôﶼйɣҪ֪ǴĻ֮Ѿ˻磬ֻɲƿǰѺĺڵҲһС
ǿһΡõ˵֮䣬۾һ˿â
֮ǰкܶ벻ףڿһڵӻûʯ֮д̽̾뵽˺ܶ顣
ҪǿǸҵһǿ֣ԥһ˵Ƕ˵Է츳Ȼ㣬ֻܽڻöѣôھһʱ䣬ˣȥǡ
Ѿˡõŵ
ģɻ
ոһսȻûʤȴҺܶʾѾ׳壬ǰȥһԽǸһõܵ˵ǰҲżΪǸˡ
˵úܶԣϷԸΪ˳飬ҽԼӡڴ˵أȥȥ֮Σ˼䣬ҪһصǶȻĶ񣬵ǻȴǳƻģѰһƻ󣬺Ѳ˵ոտǸֳֺڵˣһҲǱƻģͨˣᱻĨǣֻһܣֵʱһᱻĿ˵ˡ
˭ǿܣҹͻȻ˹


816 
ã۴ʧɫæһǸҴһֵõʲôµаǱ˵㣬ұҲҲһԡˡ
ǰģҶɱ顣õݺݵ
𣿡۵Щ졣
õ΢΢죬Էʱȴ˫۾˼û֮ǰǰ㡭
СѾͷΪҿĲúڵıõ˰ɣ㼱ȥȻƭ˵ҪȥɱǣΪϷôƭ𣿡һ˵
ҲʲôӡżնǰõѾ𴩣ȻҲȥǱڵҵѣǿǰѺڵҿ»֪ƭ֡
ҵ֣Ѿ˵Ǹܻƻģô֪Ǳƻأ֪Ѿƭȥȴǲĵ
ΪҷҹĻˣõĿƽһܲƭˣ򵥵˵ʤԼ
ƺһȻǸ˵ȷǺż֮У˵ûʲô˿Եֵ㿴
һ䣬ѾһӰӰס˲ӣڲ֮ͣУȴѰ۵
ҹõʧɫû뵽ۻ̶ֳȣҹûл֮
ҺǸ۱˫飬Ҹ˭ҲɱԷֻܽǵֻЩҵļӳ֮£ƵķǲҪΪԼôҪǵʵҿСһָһƣ˲ҹ
ɱ㣡õۼҹ۶ѪɽһΣ޻ڵسŰ۴ȥ
ΪԼ𣿡ЦԽˡ
õȴȫһֻҪѶԷɱΪҹ𣬱𱨳𱨳
֪֮䣬ֿʼǼƺǿҲƺֻɱۡ
һһõĽһһصĹâ
˿վİۣȴԴһ˿ЦһĻ֪ô׾ܿŮӣͲϷȥǸĵĹˡ
ոҹӭͿ˫ѪõŶԷ֣Էȴ޷Ӧ
ãѵǡҹ￩һ£ǱԷˣҲûʲôð취ˡ
ܰǸɱҲٰѶȥָûı¡
ģֻʧǣ֮ǰһǸŮһ˰۵ıԲ֮£۲ŻʧǣڱոҪǿЩĵؿҹвУ
ҲУҹ˿ҵֱҲȥʱɲٱʵˡ
ɱõսϱɱ˵սʿֻһһ̳ĽԴԴϵ
ˢˢˢ
õһĽӰҹһɫĵ⡣
ں콻֮䣬ȻһƵʣһʽҲͬӴ
ɾ޴ڽ˭Ҳ޷սʤԷһʱʵ൱սڴһûʮͲֳʤս
߿ŵİۺͺֲۣĹˡ
ǹ⣬ͬʵ¶˿϶żƵĵطôҲƵʶһģһġ
õƺǳ⣬ٶҲӿţأ˵ٶȲͬҹڶԷ
ֲ΢Сǳеκһˣеز
ЦһȻƺСֻҪʮϢֲ֮ͻŴ󣬶ٷչȥƱؾ߻ʤ
ֻҪõһʤٽһٽɱżģҲûκ˿赲ȥʩչԼʵ
ЩĿ䵽õϣ屻𻵵Ȼ˵Ҫһҹ壬ҹʺ츳ڼ̳棬ȴõž޴Ĳࡣ
ûõڣҹ壬оңһԡȥѡһʣôЩġ
Ů˾Ů˰ɣ쳣ʺϵŮҲûʲô
۱۾쳣ܿĶֺγأֻǿóҲһ޷ȥ֡
һֱ￴ţֻҪһԷҲָԤԿĻȶ¶
ۿҹҪʤȴʱ⣬ʵЩġ
ͿõԷǣԼȴ޷ƵҹҲһҹԷ϶ǸŮ˻Ҫöࡣ
ЩΪҹʶǿ󣬾Ͱһ֣δܿƵ˶Էοһء
˿ֻеعעų˵սҹˣҲϣԷڰܵһ˲䣬ҵᣬǸŮӻɱܳɹĻǰҲûжв˴ٽһǧĵȴܱȱԷɱҪõöࡣ
ۺͺ۸˼еȴһα仯ˡ
õٶԽԽ죬ҹǱѾ϶Էٶȡ
ò˵õһ֮ϣȷҹѧɼֻܵʮֵļһܱȵġ
ֲһŴ󣬾͸һʰֱ˷ֳһ
ಡ
õЯϵƣҹһ̳һ֮ϽõѾ֪жˣһ֮£϶ܽһնɱ
ҹһҲͬʾĽն
ϡ
ཻҹߵһʱ޴Ʒɡ
˲ңâһһɫյյ±ʩչ޷ֵһ
ΪͿ𣿡õŭغš
кһҹ͸쾵
ҹһп࣬ⶫҪԼˣҵİ
ҲǶʱ쾵յնȥǾ޴֮̾תҹն
õܽڸ쾵ҲͬɴʱҲЩ˲
䡭
ҹһαɣһķˣζЩҵˡ
õڼ㣬ǰһĻôû㵽ڶԷһ˵ʱѾಽظϣʱ̶ڶֵҪ֮ϡ
ꡭ
õһȻ֣ΪѾԷڴˡ
ʵһʮ״ֻ̬ɱǰҹˣУѾûκĶֻҪɱˡ
״̬Ӱļ㣬ÿһгֶǰҪӾ׼󣬸۽̸֮ݻ¯ࡣ
һȻѾ׼ҲɣֱӽǿӿУƱҪһ֮䣬ֳɱ


817 Ԫ涾
Ȼ˾ųԱЩֲ˵
ߺߡۣ𣿡һЦš
һսм˲ǣΪ۽ôվһսģҪȵмһսС
˵ľųɣֻʵܹӵľųɣȫȻ𾪣ȴǲϷ䣬ϧѡˣʵ̫һЩҲǻ񾳵Ļҽ컹ǻǺܿϧǻ񾳣ֻҪСӡ
ôϷʵ˵
˶˵ΪǶһսͿҪˣʱѾʺٶ˵ʲô
ǶЩȵǣƵ£ҹȻһ֪ãȫһӲӲĴ򷨡
ǿƾеʱ򣬵ȷңΪҲζһһǿƣһ
֮£Ȼֽõöľҹֲ֪ãһζǿӲĴ򷨣ֻɺȡо
ָ򣬵һڿཻںâҵײһ
âͺâ뵽ȴûиıʲô
ҶóĽ֣һҹҰܸգҹʵȲõż֮Уõռʱ˺͡
ܽõԵ֮ͬģҹȻҲܽãȴͬʱܵƣʵɶӲ
ֲڿʼʱԣԽ˺Ĺؼʱ̣Խֳ
ͻȻٿһҹĵƱˣ˵ĵˡ
һԺܳң߻ٳһ̵ĺâͻȻ֮ʧȴǱҹ˻
һʼִ򷨣ǻʮѲǵһ̣Ҫֵܿķâôܣ
ѾһͻȻһһƱؾͻ᳤ֱ롣
ꡭ
ž޴ȵõǳ齣һᴩҹؿڡ
ܵŰҹûеһʱȥЩһץסõʶ֮ӿ

һһڶԷĶͬʱʶ֮һƥ޴Ѫģڳ˶Էü֮С
֮ǰĵʶںϣڶԷ֮£ҶԷʶҲȫţ׽롣
ڣȴҪǿнõʶǽ벻ˣҲҪԷʶ𶯣ֻõѹ
ѵĻ߲ȥǿн룬ܻܿ˶Էʶɲ޸ĴˣǿɾЩ鷳ˡ
Ҳ벻ôֻ࣬һһ
ʶӰ׾ƿķٴһãҹı˵ӣһؽӽʶԵ
õҹ˶Էʶ֮нƣȥȥǿӲֻȥ
ȻˣǾͲҪˣͻȻ֮𣬰ҹҲһ
õʶ֮УȻһ˵Ĵڣ
̾׹϶ǸۣȻõȻδؾ͹˶Էʶǿ϶ʶ֮Ⲽ˽ƣ˶޷õʶ޷࣬ĶһЩѡ
ҹʶ൱ǿ󣬵ֻʶһ֣õڣȻ޷ⷢӡ
۵ĹͻȻһʱ֮䣬ûзӦһɾ޴ƶݺõʶײȥ
ݺײȥܾܿõʶܵ𶯣ʶɢҲдˣʶûˣҲ͵ûꡣ
ҲЩװ۵⣬ҪĲʤһõһ
ʱˣ۶ڰۻǺۣʲô£ΪһҲֻһεȴʵǲ֪ʲôµȥˡ
ţҲʲô£ΪǱʶģҲһԸ۰еһ˵ȫˣȻ뿪ɲǰҪĽ
ܰҹˣûƣٻõʶ֮һͻռݾԵƣɱ˺Ҳʲô¡
һж֮䣬ҹȴѾӦֻǽԼʶȥ˺õʶ
ˡ
һʶʱҹȻͨ˽ȥ֮ûκ谭˵ʲô˺ˡ
ҹõȵؿͻȻǰˣ㲻Ѿ
û£֮ǰ㿴Ķǻ󣬲Σգʶ֮УȻ֪Ϊʲôû˵ʶ˵ȴԼĿƣȥ治֪ᷢʲôˡҹЩ
ᷢʲôõƺȥЩˣЩƣӡ
ҵʶһ֮ʶ̫ױǸƣҲƲԼ壬׷ɱءҹЦš
˵ǰǸˣʵ㣿õڿھһǡһ
ȷǲûʲôҲ֪ҵֻҪûʲôϵģǸոյʱ򣬰ۻֻԻǣʶʱѾͼˡҹĵ
ô죿õʲôȴʲôҲҲʮְյص֪ҾͲȥǸĲƪˣû뵽㶼۹
ûϵǻûеֱɱĵزһŬƵ۵˵ҹͻȻ뵽ʲôЦһҲ벻ﻹһŲĵء
Ȳ˵ĵƣҪܳȥСõ˶Էһۡ
ðɣҵʶ֮ССİۣһʶ֮ҲģҹΪʶ֮ڣҵʶͲҵʶںϵһңҾ㣬Ҫ練ơ
ʶںϣõ΢΢һãô죡
˵һ𣬶ʱһĲ֮
˳׺͵ػһΪ׺͵ػĳϵļͬ
ּͬʳںһȻ϶ȱһҪ׵ö࣬ҲѸٵöࡣ
õ΢΢һе߽ɫ΢΢졣
ҹҲоʲôԣƺںʱĸоҪǿҡ
Ȼȥϸ˼еĲ˵ӰѾģȻҪںΪһһ㡣
ģ˵ʶһ׵֮һ˴Ļ棬׵绷һƺֲ˴
ʱ򣡡ҹõһͬ˵صһԵʮֹ졣
ˡ
õʶһ¹ţЩʶ֮ϵĽƺͨͨڻЩûüɢʶ֮Ҳ׵յһ㲻ʣ
ವһҹʶȥ
棬ƺһܵʲôϮ
ͬʱһӰҹı֮ϷһںŰ뵶ȥ
ǡԪ涾۱飬ҹ˵ʶ˵Ѿûϵ飬û뵽ûеҹı֣ԷȻֶֹΡ


818 Ҫ
ʱ򣬲ŷǰֵĲҹһͨīСߡ
ħ壿۸Ӵ󾪣ֲöԷֵԪ涾õóǳڵħԪ涾˶ηֵġ
ʶҹǺЦЦΪһûк𣿾ֻһʶҲ˻ҵı壬ΪСкڣһǲǡ
˵ûһСڲ˵Ҳ޷ʹҰɣ
ΣҪŮһɱˣҪˣȻ޷㣬ǡ۵ɫȻһ䡣
ʲôҹЦΪ㻹׵ؿô׵شʶ˳
ô۴š
ôףõʶ֮Ϊʲôһӱôǿʶ֮ӴҲһԾ⼸ǲܵİ
ƭ˵Լżն飬Ϊˣõ۾쳣±ȥΰɣ
齣һ㺮ǹ֮Űӿȥ
ǶԷֶΣóԼҪʤһ㡣
ߣż֮УǵԪ涾ԡ壬˵õңΪҲˡ۱˵ȥμ
뵵ĵԪ涾ӿΪûĿ꣬ڿУ֪Ҫô졣
ˣһӵҪץǧѣ˽żˣżΪϤҪҪǷ龳۷ˣҲҵۿʤǰȴû뵽ǹһ
ܣΪܵõ𣿡ҹȴЦһץһ
ô£һʱãصһطȴظ˳
֪ҪӣһҸõ֮ǰѾ󣬱˵СڰæұֻһʵҪҲǲܵ顣ҹٺЦţ֮УҪߣʹ𣿡
ܣżһôв󣬶飬ΪʲôǶз󡣡۸ţٴγնȥ
һûжߣǺݺݵײĳϰϡ
⡭ǰۣҲˡ
˵ģ飬żˣΪʲôﲼ޴ķԼȴ֪
ΪżͲǵģҲκһµģֻҪ֪ⷨ磬ڲⷨ£һô֪ҹЦЦĵطǣΪԼˣһжԼƿ֮Уʵʲôƿزˣ˵ģһвãΪ˷żԭȡǼɵǣֻάżŶѡ
ǲżˣôڲż£һҪ֪ǲżˣʵǲŵ
ȷҵϾڣҴеˣǴļ;飬ƫƫ˲µķ֮УһҺΣҹмҪ˵ļơ
ȻǶ飬ҪôԸǣۺȻʵ
ʵ̫ˣҹתͷȥȴСڣҺҪĶô𣿡
̬˵ȻûʲôǶ˵Ӧ㹻ˡСںţҲܽ˵
ǻʲô԰ɡҹߴٵ
㡭ʮƣѾ˵飬㾹ȻҪɱң
Ҳ˵ֻ֮һԴڣ棬ȡߣԲԣԴżһʱ򣬾Ѿעˣֻһ뿪һֻܱˣѵ𣿡ҹʵ
ǡδһҪɱңһǿбİ취ģҡһӼˣһԸĸоҿԵһ飬ҿеĺڵҲûΣҽڵ֮У㽫Ϊ飬ҿս
ҹͷҵһɣ
ʲôۺǽš
СڵĶƯţʱԹҪҹӵĻᶼûУôӶڶԷƿ֮У˵ĶǳڣӸƨ
Ҳû뵽Լһż֮³ֻܿˡ
ǵԪ涾ûаգǱǶմһ㣬ֻ̾ͻᱻڻˡ
ôҪһĹթһıԼ˵ļһ飿ҹɫĿﻹ˼ϷʣԸԼİҹ˼ΣҲҪ飬ҪһӺʵѡ񣬵ǣȴҪѡģΪ̫ڽթˡ
ΣǲѣһָźۣҲһ㣬ѵҲҪɱ𣿡
Ҫȴû˵
㽫˶ɱҲ޷˵
ȻҲңǱȴҪõö࣬Ҫıģֻһѣ㣬ӿֲһЩ㻹ȥɡҹһ֣Сڵ涾̾Ʈ˹ȥ
Ҫȵȡ۴кš
Ȼ֪ûãǲϵͼȥߣ֮£ĸӣǱԼͻԭķǰ˸ˡ
ȻǵԪ涾֮£ûκβ
Ҳû̫ҹ˿
Ļ˲±𣿡õһ۵
Ȼɣǻʲôɷɵģֲȥҹɻ
õܿҲܶĵؿ˶Էһۣѵ̵ʱҪһġ
ҹҲˣֽ󳷵ѾֻʣһˣҪʱҲҪ뿪ʱˡ
仰ȻǶԺ˵ģǺ۵ȴһ˿ײϲ
ĳȥˣ֮ǰûиоⷨĲãȴظоʧѾܹɵȥ֮ͨܵ谭ˡ
лҹ۹л
ǷҪʱҹʵ
Ȼֻʣһ飬Ȼھͻˡ۵ವһˣż
ʲôõһ
ǶԱ飬ȻҪ˶ȥɱȻٽͻżƣɳż֮⣬ҲֻҪߣûҪıˡҹ˵
ޣҪıءõ˶Էһۡ
ı˭ģҲߵʱˣǻһ°ɡҹ̯̯֡
¡
ż֮дʯͷеͨڱѸٵضϡ


819 ƾ
ż֮дƬʯͷҲʯͷ澹ȻʮԪ֮ĳЩ֮һĽ𵤾ǿ߶ܲˡ
˶ҵõˣҪֱӾûˡ
һʱ䣬رصģ˶˹һųڵķȥ
Щ˵Э֮£ǳ˳ȥֻڰΣ֮Щ֮ǰˣеĺɫȴûʸɾǽֶ
ż֮Уҹõ˶վ
㲻Ҫһɣõ̲סڣҪĻҲҪһ˧ģһ𡣡
㲻Ѿ㹻˧𣿲ſϵ۾ҹ
ٲǾҪסˣʱ۾ôõõû
ðɣҸһ£ҹȻڣ֮ǰӦң˵ԼֻҪӳңǲҪֳŵˣ
ż֮еͣһ£ǽž͸ӾҵزžʹۿЦ
㾹Ȼ˵Ļ𣿡Щ˵֮ǰ˵ĻͺܶԣǱ飬ǵģż֮в󣬵Ҳֻһص֮ǰżܿƵģûƣȴ˵㣬ԭ˸֪ôȥΪǱǸԭȴֻһ˶ѣһɱʱһûбķأڣһж˵㣬ĻڻǲߣǾ֮аɡۿЦ˵
𣿡ҹõ
鷳㲻Ҫ˵ôϻõ
ðɣʵ֪ҹЦܿϧǶˣǼε顣
ҹΪκβ𣿡Ҳżֳ
ǰҵȷôġҹش
õûҹ죬齣һ̿ʼҪΧʯͷǴʱȴ֣һ㶼޷ˡ
СѾͷΪۻĲ֮Ľ̸δҲ̫һЩǴЦֻǿϧôõ壬ֻܻ֮䣬ҵһԡ壬ֻǲˡ
ȷףҪΪ𣿡ҹҲЦһԷŹһԹ飬ͱٻˣλ۵Ļһʧɡ
ߣҹΪԼܲٿһ𣿲Ҫңż֮⣬㻹һ󣬡ЩŭһϷҲ£ƾ֮һҲסϷˡ
ǿҹҡͷһҪʲôʮ󣬰ǧǲǾֱˣӦðĿųԶһ뿴ڻ񾳵Ϊܰڳ޷ѵõպҲĺôġ
ĺôΪˣԼƿһƬأ˵ʵͨ죬ҲǶԷĹ߶ѣкҫԣΪߵص
ðɣԼ԰ɣɱû㣬ȥʱһҪСģܻкܶ˻Ҫ㲻ҹ˵
һȺСѡں
Ǻǣ龳ҲСĻ˵Ļܶԡҹм˵
龳
Щƣż֮УżƣǷ龳ˣҲ˿塣
ǳż˷龳һķ飬޷Ը˶ԷΪⷨȫһԼܷӳģܶණҪ߶
֮£ܽеͨãҲзһ֮ͨ
ôˣ龳϶УһֻܲһʱһսֻĲ㣬ǿ˭˭ܵõɣ㣬е飬˭˭ģֲ˵㡣ҹ
ߺߣŻ𣿡ͻȻ֮з龳ͽȡˣЩСϺһɢ޽ֻҪȵԾżƿصʱų𣿡
ðɣӮˣȻ㿴͸ˡҹֵ̯
˵úܶԣЩСܿʲôǿߣʱߵĻһЩǷ龳Ҳȫٿңż֮лż֮⣡˵ţżٴξҵز
ιûз龳õ
ô֪ҹεصֲɣżָֿ֮Ӧ֪Ź֡
õֿϧ
ʵһЩԺҪͨһԼʵǰһʺġ
ǻϵ֮ٿأÿһ㶼ʮʹãһʱ䣬ǽӳΪӦֵķ
֪뷨Ҳûа취ҹҡҡͷ֮̾ǰǰ˵òҲܽ鶼ɱΪżԭ˻к֣ҲԻ٣żĸ֮
õ
ʵҲ˵Ҫɱȴֲȫɱҹ͵Ϊ͵ˣˣᱻƻãΪǵĹߣЩȻòΪߵˣѡֱӵİ취ʱʱܻᷴɵɱȻǰȫˣֻʧһЩ黹ɳֻĸˣһ飬Ҳȫܵ飬ܱһҪǿѡ󷨱ͻԻ٣ҲȫɱʱԻ١
ŶˣֻҪǸ˵òģͲñ˵õõȻֻԼ֪ȫշİ취
кܴġҹҲұ֤ôǲĶԡ
ô֪ģõֵ
˵İС̾ͽӿڡ
ǰСʱͻ֪һЩûͷûβĶһҸо˵úܶԡҹͷ
Уһ˵òˣСڲ
¡
ǶԻʱ䣬żһ죬żҪ̮Ҳûĵطɶˡ
ߣҹֳһƬգ˴СڷҡֱϣӺݺѹľʯ֮Ȼ
ˣ
ûбߣ
ҵģҵģ˭Ҳ
ż֮һȺڻսɢޣ֮ǰֻԷķ͹̾תĿ꣬ȥеˡ
ȻһñĿǼ̾
ô˺ȻǺñֻʦúҹۿš
ʦ÷ģҲкܴϵòҲ˳ˡĿġ
ҹ֪ģȫңҲ˵ҹܲܰõȻѲסԷ
ɽ̮ѣҪӲҹͲҹˣ϶ĳٰġ
ʦÿɶⷨ뷨ʵ
Ҳ̧ͷˣҲǼ֮УҲҸƾ£ҴǸȻ


820 ȫ׷
Щ˶ᣬ˭ҲԷֻм˿ƺԷǳķʽüٶѸԶš
ܣĴһһն̾ǧ⡣
ȻѽûĪСԴͨǳ֮ȴǽġǧһ㶼ĪСʩչҪһ㡣
ߡ
ɵ飬һƬ֮Уغһɱһɻ
˲佫ΧƣǱĵطڻһ֮̾ڻûʲôԵֵ뿪ĽŲ
ǳ󣡡
֣ȻҲǰʧ
Ǹϵ˶࣬ȻҲǻϵɣ֮ǰǰõߣȻΪõʺǱˣǲ͹һ
ϷǰΪԼĿ𣿡һЦɳ
ÿһ⣬һǳ
ɲǼ֣Ҳ֪Ƕٵǳâɳһ̣㱻ȫ𣬶ҶԷĲǺһľ޴𺣣ֻǳһ㣬ſŻ䣬и˲֪ٵѶȡ
һʱ侪ޱȣҲ̫ЩȻⶼܼó
ôȻе̫ԲŲı˵õҲΪŻһߡ
뵽˹ؼҲȻ˶Ǿʵ
ֻŵĻ»治ǶԷĶ֣ҪֹԷǲܵ顣
䡭
һ죬ҹõ
ʦãѾϲؽг
ȻҲ뵽ۿԷǰһ
ʦ㵣ˡõ˼˵̧ͷִߴҹ㲻˵ܰһ׽סǿ㣬ǧҪˣȻһķ治֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
˵೤ʱ¶ҲˣСڽӹΪ޴½עֻôÿһǲͬԵģлϵĳ֣Ҳ˵ҪϵģǰһҲԶûˡ
㣡õץҹĸ첲ק˼¡
ʲôǴǰڣԼʵʵ̫ˣҪ÷
ðɣҹεؿЦһʵҸղҲֻ˵˵ѣҪץⶫ治һ׵£
ҲײףҾҪõ
ѽһŮӣô˵Ҫ̫ءҹϷ
ޡõһųҹȥ
ԷԾУѾԤϵ˻һƵġ
ಡ
ҹȻ˵Ųףһ֣̾ƴ䡣
Ǹĺ֮£մֺɣ˿Щĵ˷ôʱ䣬ӵˡ
֮ǰҹʵΪֻҪ棬Ƿ龳Ҳܶ˺ҹһ֮䣬֪ԭС֮ǰʵ
ΪѾ֪жˣһλܣĻ˵ҹ֪Ҫǿ˶ٶٱ
ȻļʶҲһ㣬ڣҹһ֮䣬Ȼֿ͸Էںδĸо
ʵ˶ԿҹֻһԾץȥûʧ
ĸо֮УȴҹѾʧڣֻǰôһˡ
֮УֻƾץۿҪץˡ
ɶ񣡡ڷӦԷЩ£ͷ
ȵҵػӿ֮ǰżʱҪҡ
֣ʦ㣬һ֮ҹ˿ھͽڳǿĸְæ
Ҳûмƽϣ̾һն֮˲佫еĵػһ֡
ȻػϵؽڻҲ֮޾ǲͣӹȥڻĲֲϡ
ǲԹۣ֮䣬ǳ֮Ŀ϶з
һκҲûʩչ֮ĻᣬΪֻôһ϶ƵֻܸӲƴ
ȻӲƴҲ£Ա߻һĴͷҹվûгء
ںͷʱͼΧͻȻƿһӡ
ú۴󾪣ǶԷסĳ·ڷ֮ڣƿȴƿһǺã
ӦǵƿĿһӰҹɣ
ȥɣŭɶҲٹĹȫ֮ҹȥ
һĻΪ׳ۣҲΪˣƴȻ˳˿
ҹȴţȥץ򷨱ҲûջأǾֱŻץȥ
ɣ֪ҹĺʱҲЩȡ
ҵػɲһķ𣬾һķ𣬱ʩչҹȥҲֻȡ˰
Ȼҹ̥ϣûʲôǲᷢģЩĻ֮ûܹȼյĳ򣬾Ѿĳʵĳˡ
Ļ涼ĳȥȴһɫ赣ҹͲԼֻŰץɵˡ
ž
һץ˸ţҹЦЦۣɷˣ
Ҫҳǲܵ飬ţ֮ǰ˵òҲǸոշ֣㽫ȫɱĻҲԻˣ飬ұȻʱʱ㣬ֻҪһлᣬػȡ
һ㻹Ҫ𣿡ҹתͷõȥ
õҲΪˣոյĻúһǲ֪ʲôʱͻᵹù
ҪһôˣЩġ
ҪõûпǶãǺܿ˾ϡ
ҹҲЩ⣬ͨ£õǲԼôһģȴ⣬ȻҪѸٵʵ
ʵ㲻ġҹҡͷ
ѾõĿ͸֣Ҳ֮ʮ־ͨˣҲ֣ȷʺҵĶҷˣҽҲһ֮ȵķʱʱңҲóᣬúöԼ֮Ϳ˭˭ĵи߰ɡ
ҹĴָ
ƶõ˿Ϊ
ȴðյģҹЦЦתǼո˵ЩΣȻǴڣǲɷϵǣǵǸˣ϶շκһİգȻҲԼһΣյĶ𣿡
ʲô˼Щ̸⡣
鶮õַȴͬȻ˵ԼҪһЩͬʱҲ˵ֻں֮䣬ʵ˭Ҳɱ˭ֻһŵģҲǲܽԼıȫʩչԷ֪ȫ׵ˣ϶ֻǵˣҹһһ˵ţȫ׵ķ˵շǵؾ


821 ħ
Ҳһ㣬õ˼Ȼ֮ȻķķһҲ֮ͬȴŲСǸûƷǵֶΣǾͱøͨ̽żһˣôɵ
ԡҹһ¡
ԡõЦˡ
û˵ʲôֻͬʱˡ
ˡ
֮΢Ǹо֮ȴ·һֵһ㡣
޼䵽ʱסز
ҡѾЩ˵
㲻ٶ˵ʲôˣ׼ӭ˰ɣҹûиκλᡣ
ǶԷھõΪҹҲһڣǰǸħ֮һ㣬ֻ飬лûС
ӴţҲ֪ϸһЩȴǻֹ֣ᷢǱҹõֱһ˹ͬٿص
һĻ˸ӾȣոҲҹõĻˣȫ׷һóȻûκ⣬Ƿֱóβϵһ˵ֻһ㣬ȫްţ
ͨ
뵽⣬˲֪ȴ֪һЩõҹĹϵֻô򵥣Ҫܵöࡣ
ͨҲȷرˣ֮ˣҲδظ˵ͨ
ˡ
ٴһ𣬴淢һ͵ĳ뵰õƮȥ
䵽֮ǳɫĹâڻ仯¶һģΣ
ֻһȴǸߣһͬõһòŮӣųɴȹ̤ն
ǶݼˣŮõҹȥ
ۣôƯҶڰ͸ˡҹ
õ̧һš
ҹ㿪ͬʱԹţҷķѸͷӸ˾ɫŮ㲻лҾˣҪº֣ʲô
ãСڽ˵
вŮҹ˵
֮ǰ𣿡õȴʵ
˲صģҼдǰλ˴ԳǶ鹧˵ǵһ˴죬ǶҲ֣λͨʶڣǶλ϶Ϊĸѡ
ȿȡԱ̲ס
ꡭ
˼ǣȻҹõŮ⡭
õҲһ죬ʵҲȷˣǶ˼ȫȿȣͲ֣ڼȻˣܹһ¡
ɱǣ
ҵģ
һɱˣȻٷʤ
һȺɢ޶۾ҹõɱȥ
Щ˹ȻǷˣǻǲҪΪáЩˣ΢΢üͷ
Ѿע⵽ЩˣǱ߶ŵĵӣҲЩۡ
ոյʱǴ򲻹飬ֻԹۣۿշ̾Ҫһˡ
˷ģزΪᣬԭķ֣Ҳ޷ȡأȻҲءǶοõǶ֣Щ˸Ͳӵɡ
ǲҪˣõֹȻ̰ģҲǱżҩˣҲôǴǸҲˡ
Ȼֲɱˣǻ߰ɣֻͽ鷳ЩˣɡҲ˵
ãߡҹҲΪЩɢޣ̾ҪͻȻ֮䣬ɫ䣬ߣ
õ˶֪ʲôȻҹȣ϶ʲô·ˡ
Ҫ֮ȥ˭붭ŵӣͻȻ֮رȻһըҹ˶
ǿߣ۾ѪɫҪ˳
䡭
ûκ˻ش𣬷޴
޴һӵĶҹƮ˳
һ
Ƿ֮ǰһҪӣ
ҲˣҸıˣҪǶҪ
ǶˣõҲЩˣҩûУƺǿˡ
ҹûлشֻǾؿǼ
С󣬱󣬲ͣرϡѾ˿Ƿӡ
ǲǷһ
һ޴Ĺ˿̵ĴСѾҪӽ񷣬Ʈһ칬ӾƵġ
ʲôõҲš
üͷ壬ƺ뵽ʲôȴûп˵
ĵ촽⶯ţڼѵ˵֣ħ
˵ħһϵħħڵĸԴֻһħ֣Żٴش졣
֮ڵħˣħԳƣΪԵʡ
ħǱһ˵ΪѾܾöû˿νħЩԳħ˵ħŵӣҲû˵ħʵš
ڣôǰһֺĹ䲻ʱľħһ֤ţֻĳЩ˴˵ħˡ
ħȻҹϣħڵʲôˣ
ǰĽħ貨ﱶѹƣȴҲףħˣδؾħŵӡ
ħأħɸħһħڵһħˣ᲻ħˣ
һʱЩãˣ֪ԼӦô
֪ҹһɵˣ֮ǰ˲ʵֶΣʵذڶԷУȴȻòϣҹһŴػˣȻҲ᲻ǰӵغԼֵˡ
ħ֮أΪ貨ڵһ洫ӣҪҪԷѪ
ħ
ɱħͷ
ħ滹һˣ
ҶעҹʱȴѾע⵽ħ֮Уһˡ
ǸӰħ֮УΪ̫Կʼʱ򣬲ûע⵽ʱȴܿһŮˣϥһ㣬ϵħڣȻҲһ㣬̫ԣ˭ϵħһħŵҪӴöࡣ
˲ʶǸ˭һʱȷҹǸħйϵ
ԼħˣħǸŮȴҲѲ˸ħĹϵ
һһ֮䣬ԾǸħͬһƵʣħ֮УǾ޴ڲϵسҿ»ء
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ҹͷ˭
µٻѾ˽Ĺؿ֮УҹҲûôĶ޷ݵħУֻܰ˳
һ鷳ΪħΪħŵͻȻ֮ҹϳ֣ûһɶ֣Ҷңʵ̫ˡ
ɱ


822 Ҫִ
ɢޣǶˣûȥɱҹǳ޴ħȥ
ȻǸħеŮ֮Уòƻǹؼʱ̣ʱ䣬Ƚǲõ⡣
ҹЩЩˣҲ֪ǲöԸġ
ЩֻǱʧһ֣ø̰ȴûȫɥʧ˼ǻᶮôȥҸӱ˵ȥռ
ҹûгֻǽһᣬ̾͵ħ֮ǰ
Ȼֻһˣڿǧħ֮ǰһ㡣
ҹҪħħŮ𣿡ȵ
ôҹʵ
ħħŮ˵ö֮ǰҲһ˵ö֮ںɽҲе
ôҹʮƽǸողҪΪԭҪƴǾɣƴһ˭ƴƴȰλһ䣬ƴһ飬Щĵӣƴ֮ĽǾ֪Լûˡ
仰˵˶ĬˣڳҲмΡ
Ȼ֪ҹ˵ϾҲҶԷ˵һûдҹս˵ǰˣƺǲ
֮ԸŶûɳҲΪطشһ⣬ҹվһƲˣԾʲôĵӣҲٲ˸ҹͻһЩЩһ
˼ҲǺˣҹȥڻ롣
û뵽ż֮УȻִ߻̰ĶڵЩˡ
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ɢʧأֻһʼѣڶɢͨͨȥҪҹһս
ҲоԼȫ¶սȻҪ̤ǰʱȴͻȻ֮ŵñһ亹
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ȻЩŹ֣ڵѾƽһЩôͻȻֱ֮߻һ㣬ǰ˿Բٿһ㡣һ˵
ҹҲһոһֻٻ飬ûȥע£ڱһ˵ҲʶƺЩԾ
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֮䣬Щ˶ڵ׵֮Щ˵ľ֮ɨϴԷ̰ʱһһÿȥҲ졣
ôˣһɢ޴ڵһżеһĻ
ովȻҪȥ޵ɱҹƴǶЩ
Ҳһ֮ϴӣѪɫȥ⼸֮䣬ȴ˸ϵĴ
䡭
֮еħޱߵħϯɫϢƺҪضһ
ҹҲĳŪü̫󣬿ƣҪѷԲǧʿ
˵ֻһٻħа취ȥͣٻħ֮𶯣ôͶͲͨˡ
ħͷ־ܣһޱȡ
߳ϣһħŮͬħһѹɡղŵû£һ龳
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һ⣬һǶȻΪߣǸԵĸȴЩλģһż֮أ֮ǰҲԼãرҪǳĻӡ
ȻŶҹҲҪʲô֪һͨȥſûôȡ
λϱȽǣ貨ڵ˾ȻûǸҲû
ĺЩСǲϼһġ
Ҳʮ־ᣬҪҪţסˡ
貨ļŻһҹ貨Ѵʱ򣬰һæʱͻȻѣԵ貨̫顣
˵ŵķ龳ǻܽħ飬ٶ龳Ҳһġ
ħͬСɣŮҲ֪ðħͷϣﳤϣǻһ֣Ƚħѹ޴λ߳ϵ˵
һְɡҲӦ
ʩչͨҪһٽħѹʱҹһԾϡ
λϣħֻһħˣҲδؾˣԻλϿҵϣ̧֡ҹ˵
ţ߳΢΢һû뵽վΪħ˵ǡҹ
ҹͷȻСÿ˶ʶλӲķ龳һʶĶûС
߳ϣҹżҲǱȡˣħҲǴλҹϷɳġæԼɵķ鳤ϻ㱨
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ҹż֮еȻ͵˵õȥҲֻ㼼һЩϼһҲغħȴ޴½ŵĴУħħ̻Ǳ㲻òһսˡ˵仰ʱĿ͸¶ɱ
ҪһսҪսɱ֮
ħ⣬ħ֮ǲκˣҲʿĹУӦһ㡣ﳤҲ˵
ҹû˵ʲôΪ֪˵ʲôãǰҹٿһϣȻˣǸλϣȹһ˵ɣҪҲԵһأҪ͵ϮĻˡҲ
㡭龳ᡣ
Ǹո˵ѾǺܸӵˣҹ⻰ȴˡ
ǸħŮϵϢǸƶϲԷΪʲô̶ȣоڵϢЩֲˣ͵ϮҲᱧʮСģΪԼԿ
ҹȻ˵ҪԼЩˣȫǸŮħͷ֮˵ʱһأ߲ǳһǿ϶
ȻŮħͷҵҲֻȽѹϲв˵ҹ֪һ龳֧֮вܣվǷ龳Ҫֻûзִ硭
ϵûзִ磬ҹָڵǴһ£µĵҲδؾзִ磬ҶҪִ˰ɡ


823 ħ
ҶҪִ˰ɣ
仰˵ÿʵѾ˺ˡ
龳Ҳû뵽ҹǿӲһʱɫЩѿ
뷵龳Ѿ¶棬żлᣬĴβǱڶӷΪھȻ˿ӣ붼û
ҶԷһҲ㣬Ϊ˱ħ֮еһŮӣСѵǱŮɫͷ
ȻˣǱȫ㣡һϡ
ڵķ龳ӷһЩ㲻ڽ֮һϸӾ
һȻҲã̤ǰһվһ
ǰ˿޵һȻﲻΪСܸ龳⣬Ϊ˱ǲûд⣬ľ֣ٶȰСѹ˵

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ѹ֮£ɢ޺Сŵӣɫ԰׵صڵϣһڡ
ĵҪһЩٿҹʱְֳҹվѹ֮Уȴ˿ûбɫѹͲһ
ҹõȡ˳
ΪҪսһսǿ϶ġ
˵ҹҲܲٿɣ֣ⷨԷȥҲһְ
ҪæסõҹԼӦֻ֣иĳ⡣
õЩʱҹҲͶʾҪ
ߡõûذ˶ԷһۣȴûҪֵ˼
λϲøҿʲôжʹҹòƺɵ˵ϴڵʱҼʶλķɣҵҲҪλ龳֣ܼλ֣й֮

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ħŮħ֮߳Ϻʵ
ϱʲôħֻ֮һЩڰԪˣ˷ʸ֮󣬲ŻлõħıӻҾһˡٻȻ˵
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ڰԪħŮĻҵȷħŮɣҴδɱɱˣδк飬֪ħŮǷҲٻʡ
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ʵϣǿħʱ򣬵һӦҪ֮ǲܻҲҪѹͬһѹ
ⲢʲôɼǱʶˣܸıġ
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Ȼǵٻ͵ЦһƩڿɱǣȴѡҪһ㲻һ֤أ
߳ʵû뵽ԷҪ֤֤Ȼ˭Ҳͬġ
ħŮҹһģΪԼһ˾ͿԺµķ龳࿹𣿡߳Щŭص
Էֻǿֱǲ龳
һˣµķ龳ڶµķ龳ҲȻֲһУΪǸͲף˺֮Ĳ𣬡ٻͻȻֶһ£ǵֻħŮԲɣǱΪħɣڵķ龳̫ԶֻҪԸ⣬һ֮䣬ˡ
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ٻ֪ԼǲóһЩʵԷǲĻģҲٶ˵ֻ֮ץȥ
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ڣٻȻҲǴǧ֮⣬ģץĶʵ̫ˣɽ޴½ŲţǱϾһɽһɽͨ仯ġ
ɽȻЩɽʯ֮ͨǶǼٵģɽҲԴһЩĸĴɽһʩչͨʵ̫ˡ
λǿҪɽǲģٻʵ
λ龳¶ɫⶫҪ˵ԣǾԼˣҪ˵ԣһ֮£¾ʹˡ
龳һ㣬ȴվģҲҪܵԼķơ
ܣɣɶܵƣʩչһʲôЩš
˵Ļ޵ֻħ˽⣬Ͳô˵ˣٻҲû̾ͷѣħ֮ħŵӵıӻΪħŵڶɽ֮ʱ⵽ɱħŴܣľģһħʹ֮ʱ٣ԱܿͨأֱɽްȻֻʱҪɱǣһʱҲ㹻ˣ𣿡
ô˵ħȻΪݡ߳ͻȻ˵
ΪݣΪο÷ڣʲôǿù𣿡ٻΪ⣬У㲻ûУǱ㲢ħţĳЩ˲ħŶѡ
ⷬ˵λ龳ƿԣһʱ֮䲻֪Ҫôȥ


824 Ҫ
֮Ը˵ЩҺǣǲ뿪ʱҹħһɽ֮ѰŻص޴½һѭ壬Ϊٻ˵ҹ΢΢ʾ⣬ɽǡ
ǡҹЦţǿɲһҪȥɽ簡
ǡٻ΢΢죬ѵǻҪȥĵط𣿡
˵Ҫؼҿ֪ģҹ̹ȻлᣬҲȥɽġ
ǺðɣʱһǡٻЩʧ䣬ȴ̾չյ
˵ʮɣɾôף˵ĵطֻҪ໨Сʱܵһ
ౣأٻ˵һ䣬ɫ΢΢ЩǸΣҿҪһ鷳ǲôͷŹ㣬ħŵ飬һ仰仰ܽģǲôһ뿪ˣ˵֣Ͼ
ϾҪҲһˣκòҵһɣ϶ô׵طҹЦˣףЩҲǵһξˣѾҪϰˡ
ٻ˵ʲô֮䣬ħԽԽߣյ֮Уǵһ֮С
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άħŮȴʵһûдɣﳤҲѵ
λҪ˵ʲô;ֱ˵ɣٻҵѣһҲϣһΣҲһỤȻħǲǴ֮ˣ˵һ޴½ûɱ޹ʿǷҪ˵ħŮΪʲôոȥƴһսҹ̧ͷҹ£ǰҲûٵλţҲû¹˭λаսѹܳԣûգǾ˵˵ǵ룬ȻЩ˵ĻǻԿ羰ȺȲ裬졣
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һƼСӣǿܻʹһЩʮƩ޷֣תŵĵӳ֣ǶҪɹˡ
˵С˵ҲмֵոմҶˣλ龳ħŮʱֶûгһ£ͱԷŻˡ
ħŮոһߣȴҹʼѣô˵Щˡ
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һڹӶ֮󣬾ֱҹȺ˵ķԾ
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ʲôλ龳϶һԭǸٻħͷҹȻҪˮ𣬡øҹȻƭˣԭħͷһɣ
޷һʵĶɣٻ³ħŮ϶ܰҹˣһʱҲʲôȻҹɱȥĦ涼ѾȱǺˡ
øĦ棬רΪ˿ģȻǾͱˡҹҲһ֮ʹȥҹĦնȥ
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λǲܸղŵһȻҪΪˣҹԳЦЦҲԣ֪һôõıᣬҲһΪųôһ˵ö𣿼λϡ
ϻ˵ɱǸħͷҪΪôˣΪô˵𣿡ﳤһûжԹʱҹħŹᣬɱ޹֮ˣˣ˭ˡ㡣
ҹõһۣε¼ȴڸõ˵ǲʺҴҪôǻؼҰɡ
˵Ųһλ鳤ΪҪʲôͨ˭֪Ȼʧˡ
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ֻз󣬺֮ҹħͷˣüͷ˵ͻȻһת貨ںʹǸʲô˼˵ڸҹĹϵΪΪħͷ˵ɣ
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ϵĿŴǸȥ
õҪڣȴסӵ˼Ҳʦһ㣬»ҪЩСԵġ
ҹϵõţɲֻ貨ںʹǸ˵ڵһҹҲһõ̲ס˵һ仰
ھΪһ棬ħźһ죬̾ͷӦںģǺ̻ᣬҹ̻棬ɲҹ˵ġ
ǴǸҲڸ̻ҹû̫Ĺϵõ˵
ߡֻ˦һӡ
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ȻҶ֪ҹ̻ϵУȥһº̻˼ǻ֪ҹȥ߳ͻȻЦһ⣬ҹѾڣǺ̻Ƿ񻹻ٸźǻһδ֪
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825 ɵгɽ
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ʦҹôˣѾǰָ֮߰ƺʱӳɳ˲١
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ڵҹûΣ޴½Ѿû֮ˣҲû뵽ҹ᷸һǳԵĴ΢΢̾Ϣһ̻ȻƸҹϵ̻ҲɺУع鵽˺ƹܣӴҲҹĳ⡣
貨ںʹǸأûǣǸǸõҹŷǳܹϵġ
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ֻҪҪ뿪Ҳֻһʬ壡
䣬ҪѧĻкܶ࣬ҹ·һССĴۣ򲻿ɽ̫֮أĳɾͣȻ޷ٷӵǿһˡҡͷѵš
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㳤˵öԣҲһҹһֱûֻۣܵΪû޷ֵˣڣˣҲþˣӴ֮Ҳǰҫ۵ţȻҲܳΪħЩħҪȥնеħת۱ޣ㲻Ҫȥ˳Ȼֶ
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Ȼֻһ룬ϸȽһ£ͻ֪ڵΪҹż֮еı֣Щġ
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һλһģڿǲ̫ܸһˡ
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ҹһ죬Ԫ̻ᣬǺ鶼̻ᣬûгͷ֮գٲᣬ˵ҹǸ̥ʲôƽİ취õİ취ǳûгֵʱ򣬰ҹͬѶһ
ҹʲôӵˣҲӦ˽⣬ͷȥߵˣһǵģҪɱǣֻҪҹһЩѹҲͺˡ
̻ѾҲϵ󣬶Һ̻Ȼźڳ֣ǲ̫ʡЩΪѵ
ʵһҲΪѣ˵ȫѺ鶼̻Ԫ̻ˣֻ̻һҺԳʱԹһ¡
Ҳ֪ûΪǲ˵⣬˭Ҳûһ㡣
̻ʱܶǻұˣҹɲֻһ˰ҲҪᣬ˶ûзӦֻð뷨ѹȫԸҹ˵
Ŷ˵Ҳ˼š
ûмǴҹӦûһڹʥǱߣһʲôȺիĵӣȥѴȺȺիΧò˼죬ҹһˡЦЦ
ЩϢҲǺ֪ģԴˣӦǱģΪʱòƻŵĿ㳤϶һöû𵽡
ȻҲ̾뵽ˣϸһĨЦҹһħԸȻҪֶлᣬǾʹְɡ
֪ȺիķûУǻЩĻҲǺܺýӽġȻҲġ
Щ˿󲻵ò㳤ϵķ֣˭Ŵ
Ҳ޷ֻǸҹٲ֣ǱԸʶˣЩ˸һʧˣ밲ߵ
Ǹҹйصˣһɶħǧ˿ƵĹϵǰЩץҲųֵɣǻʲôȥɡЩסˡ
ڵ̻ӶùֻǿάŲѡ
Ϊ󶼴ĵ֧ź̻ᣬЩɢҲӺ̻ĶԵͷ̻ὫԼĶһٽɶԷǲôϲĶҲûа취¶
Ƕҹֻҹˣ̻зĻᡣ
߰ɣʥأȥǸòᣡһ˿Ц⡣


826 
һʥصʱֻһǻ񾳣Ȼ٣ȴһЩ͵ĻɫһЩСɵĵӣЩ˵ʵȻǲ̫Уô˼Ҳûٶһ񾳸á
ؾȫͬˣ֮⣬ֻĸˣֻǽ𵤾Ժȴһαչ֮󣬱ڵĻ񾳣Ҳ˵øˡ
񾳣ʱһ㳤ϵķʲôˡ
ʱûźǿ϶ѾʲôͬҹõħҲס
ԵٴվʱȫȻûаѴȺիķ
֮ǰĹķ⣬ʵϸͲڣΪ֪񾳼һʱж˵һȴƿ֮С
ȺիɻˣٲͱҪǿƵȺիˡȵ
ݣʸ˵ģˡ
֪Ӵʲô飿ŵ֣ͬӰҲڷֳ֮
ٰύǴȺիעֻܱһƬ档޼ɵؽе
λӣҴȺիĵӣҽδ뿪Ⱥիһ֪ʲô飬˴Ųû̾ͻӦ⣬ǷʶԷ
ҹħҲѲ˸ϵҪץȥʣЩѵ𣿡Ȼ
ҹˣҲ֪ҿԵҵͽܣʲôħħһϵûУ֮ǰѾչҲڱչ֮УԸλذɣʲô飬ҿ֮λŻӦ̹Ȼ
ʲôҵ㾹ȻУǲˡ
Ҳ󣬶ǱŹ죬ֻҪӱչأ˾ɴţʱǿдؾţĵˣﾡ٣Ի뼸λӼ¡˵Щʱ˿û˼ϵԷôһ㡣
ǿֻӲˡһҲٶ˵ֻ̧һӡѹȥ
Ⱥիǰڣڴӡ£̾һȻҡΣȻû̾ͱۿҲͲˡ
ҲϣֿʼƷ֮е׹ǿӡ
ߣƲԳԷƣ̤ǰһ˫ֽӡ
ʯǰ֮䣬Ȼܿͱ޾ʯԶ²һ㣬ҵô©һ㡣
Ҳʾո޸õĽ뽣ϽÿһնһգҪغϣȴ̾ͱն䡣
λǺοһҪҴȺիǲһֻʦͽ˵Сɶѡ֧ѾЩѣȴ벽ˣ˿ѪȻˡ
ΪǸҹйϵǸҹйϵģעûк³Ĳ岻ֻ֣Ա䳰ȷˡ
ʵˣֻǴ͵ģʵǿпޣǱҪ֣Ҳǵһ̬ȡ
ʶЩ̧٣ڽǸͽܵıչ֮˵Ӵ󷢴ȱôһҪ翹׵ĻֻһԼ뿴ĽˡĻвԡ
λȺիֻʣһ˿УѵľͲ̧ܸ𣿡ŵ¶һ˿ɬ
УЦݣڹʥأڵĴоͿˣСɶû֮УССĴȺիѾûٴȥıҪ˵ѡҹǵĴ֮ˣⱾһĴ󣬼ǲɱҲ㣬ûУк𣿡
ɢޣСɣȻɢҲˣСҲɣȴǲԼĴУŵͻȻ˼̹ȻȻλһҪƣֻƴˡ
˵һ϶һ͸Ķǹâʹⶴﲻϵȥ˶Ҫâڻһ
֣΢΢һâֵʱ򣬾ȻоһޱȾǿҲ֮£øȹ⾹Ȼǹ֮
ʣĽ뽣ҲͣЩȵޱߵĹ
кֲܶͬԣľˮģҲģһЩһЩҹףķ磬ٻĺڰȻڵԱǹˡ
ʱڰ׵ҪϡУڳʱû׵ǿԺܶûǿʱѾȻҲ޷ɾǿߣ޷֪Լ
ǰſѾСӵŹʣΪȴôߣ⵹˺ܷѽһ顣
ǹʣͻȻЩȺիЩ˼һֹʲͨ˸ûа취ʩչͨԼǱͨôնֻˡ
Ʋ⣬˶΢΢һӡ
ҲɱˣǰΪԼһʱ̣ȻҪˣǲټǣȥôݣôºͣӦһ㣬Ǿ͸Ҳڶˡ
Ǿ֮жԵͻȻ˵й֮ǿ׵ͺڰ֮Ҫʤһǽһ£ҲǲУպҹֵʱҲ˼ְա
֮ڰͬԵŵٴȻӣˣҵĵҲһĸ磬ʲôˣֻҪǺڰħŵˣǴȺի޹أǷҪֻΪҪҽڶѡ
˵ϻǾҪ̤ƽȺիôЦϴεʱҾѾ˵ǴȺիʥ֮˽ţӦñٵЩаѡ
ڣҲˣԺ䵽ڵ³ǻǴȺիءͻȻοЦˣұҪٶһЩʱգڿѾҸߵʱˡ
˵Щ軰ѣǻһȻǧ⽣ɳٴνն֮ײʱҲƺѹƶԷ֡
֮ҲˡԿ龰ҲӴԼ֮ͨͨӦš
ǽӡȻһ䣬ָһָȻ
ϣŵϳֳϵı˫ϸ߸߾𣬺Զ֮ʱļʽ
һ֮ʱƺһӣȻޱ߹Ⱥիţٲκ˿֡


827 ̫
׹⽵һʥ⣬ȺիλסһжĿ֮ҫ۵Ĺ
ôȥǵͨǱӵһ㣬ûаЧ
ô£Щˣǹһ£ԷϢ⿪ƺ齣ʧԣˡ
ǹ֮Ҳصһʱ֮䣬ǲٶȺիôˡ
֮ѵǸĹʣͻȻ뵽һ⡣
Ĺ֮ôʩչһ֮ҲûˣҲѧǾͳȫˡݺݵ
ҹãǱҲûдʲôɱҲɱˣɱ֮ҹء
Щܷ֮ˣЩǾͺץᣬǴȺիбĳ·ֻ¶ԷǰʹǺˡǵ
֮ǰӵĻȻЩǼٵģǿڱչأҲῴˣԼһۣ˵ǽȥʱóءĵ

ƺǵżˣƬŨĹ֮ͻȻյĳڶ棬ٶȼ죬ֻƬ̼䣬Ѿȥһ롣
ô£Ҳֵ
ûܻش⣬֮ʧҲͲˣ⵹֣ԼȡЩ֮ģڻվǵֵ顣
֮ͬһʧģȺիǵ󣬺ǹ֮Ҳһˡ
Ǽû˹֮ȻҲǺ£̾˴Ⱥիء
沢ûʲôر֮࣬ȻĴмֹŵƣȴײܸˡ
ӿ쿴ָһʯҵ
һתͷȥֻ˵һʮ֮ɽڴһ̵ʯţʯϷһСɽˡ
Ϊ⴦طʮΣҲûĶԴҶû⣬ʱתͷһۡ
һ̾ΪʲôҪˣΪɽ棬һɹ֮˳
˶ɫأȻûҹһ׼ʽɱҲ᲻ܡ
ֻҪעһЩǻǿԱģϴʵʵǲ̫Щ
ոյĹ֮ƺյȥˣͻȻǱڱչصˡ
Ǹ׼ȫΪ赲ǣΪһҲе˼
ǻ᲻鷳Ĳĵ
ߣ֮ǰΪ̫ͣǵõŵ׼ܹ֮һ٣ѵ˲ɳ龳ɣЩ˵
ˡ
֮˲䱬䣬ǵʯŶۻˣɽɽ壬ҲڴҵĿ֮вڡ
⡭ЩŵؿǰһĻ
˵飬﷢ˣеطˡ
޾İ׹֮Уһ˪⣬˴ѵһȹ·һ㡣
ûȥ·ˣ˫ֲͣŷӡٻһʲôһ㡣
˭֪ʲôЩ
ڲ÷ѵΪ˶Ըǣ˵ʱҲ̲סڵ
ǾãʱֵĻõŽ𣿡ͻȻ
仰ôҶһǻ˼ʱԷΪ̾Ͷף仰ûпţʱҪɱǼ˵Ļ˭Ӳȥʲô߷
ѵ˵ΪЩɳơ
Ҳ֪龳ϣûѹǾԣԿ϶
ǡɫѿ
ߡó
ﲻǻɱᣬһûдֵᣬǵܸŭˣӶ̾ͳ֡
ҲȲˣһ̽һ̵ؼ尾ţ粫һѣ᲻ᶯ֡
ȻûУƺר־һҪ飬ȫûǵ뿪һֱЩ˶ʧڴȺիûתһĿ⡣
УһģĹӰ֣ӰȥԽԽһŵӡ
ŵĳ֣ƺ仯ϣҲֳ˼ϵķʩչӿٶ˼֣ȴ˿ûгɡ
һ֮﷢ȫǵ֮ڣչֳϺµĿ
ǵ֮ŵ棬һֻϹţ̫ţֻһԪһԪŴڵ·ÿһ·Ǵ䣬һγɣȴӵųǧ
ȻᲢûгЩ֮УǽڲϵʩչŻûһ㣬ֻоŬܽĳɡ
ˡ
ȺիһƬ𶯣𶯵ĲǴȺիʥصַЩ϶Ѿ˥ܵĽһ촷ۣɳһ˵ϣȴȻѿԻ赲ٶȣ߷ֿ
Ҳ֪ʲôӵ»𣬺һҫ۵Ĺ޷ֱӣһȵ̫䵽˼һ㡣
̫ǰĹ֮Ʈȥ߶ߣҲһ
Ҳ֪˶̫֮͹֮ں϶ΪһΪ֮һ
µĹ˼µĺڰ
һ˲֮յĹ֮ź̫ˡ
ȻⲢĲˣǸոҫ۵Ĺâٳֻ֣һӶʯţȥҲ֪ǴӶǰżУڳĻʯһ㡣
ָһ֮䣬޴ɵʯѸٵţһǰСС
ȫһƬ׹ӣƮƮȻնȥ
ԽԽߣھյߴٿ֮ʧ
ѾȴԿյˣĳƫƧĵطͷŴͣһʱ˭Ҳ˵
˭֪ʲôɳһʱܺõġ
ˡԵɤҲЩˡ
ôܣʱӦûУû׽٣Ҳûʲôƣѵ˽ŮֻҪԼ룬̾ͿԷͲ÷ģԽܲ˵
ǳ֮⣬ǻбĺ𣿡Էʵ
˰գԶţʥѾȫˣǳ׵ػ˭֪֮ǰ۵һʲô𣿡
ѵǡ伸˶һ㵣˰ֲ˼̫š
ȺիǹʥصĴߣᣬǹʥΨһĴˣҺá˵仰ʱ򣬱ѾһƬ亹


828 Ʈ
ҺʲôѾ˵ˣΪ˶еĺ⣬Ҳֲֿʵš
ʥصĴߣǴʲô
ʱʥؿ޴½һĴڣκ˶Υʥصκξ˵ҶȥΥ档
ȻڵĹʥѾķˣĴоԲСӡ
ڣҪΪǼֻҪһ֮䣬Ǽ˾ͻҷԲǿš
ڵǿ󣬵Ǿ޷ֵһɵ
仰˵ո֮ʱٶûгֵӣ֪ǿ޴½ߵģֻ룬ԲŻֱӷ
ʵȥһˣЩŽڣֻҪ룡
һɵҲʥصκһſԵֿġ
Ҫǵǣǲˣ֮ƽ˵һ֮ǰû뵽⡣
˵ûзûҧԼͷ
ͨһǲôʧ̬ģ̸۵һɵʱַӦҲˡ
϶ǷˣȴһʵƬ½֮ϣҪκ飬ܵסǰ٣Ƕһ٣֪Ǿ̽ţЩˣͲȥģǲܻһ
ˣҲ˵ƺҪȥ⣬ֻҪרĶԸҹͿˡ÷һЩ
ѵ֮󣬲ٻ𣿡ͻȻʵ˵йʥصǿߣʱԳɽģ½֮𣿡
ȥ
ÿ˵ɫһ£ô˵ĶôҪ˵
Ϊⲻ̫ܣٴοڣյɽ磬Ѿͬյɽ磬յʱйʥɽҲż½ϣǶѾǴ˵ʥ˥֮Ҳ֤Ҳûɽ½ǲ
ţͷһϢҸȻɽٳɹ˼٣ǱϾеģȴû˵һԷġ
Ƿ֮󣬱˵½ǿһΣֻҪǸ˲ɽ磬ž޵еĴˣɽǳֿǰɡҲһ䡣
ƵƵͷڰǾ仰ɧƽϢȥ
ҹԸԸˣʵ
һ⣬һʵϾҪǣȴÿ˶Ͽǵ⡣
ȻѾ˳ǾͱҪˣǵһ̬ߣҹȻǰմǰƻ֮ƺûʲô˿ˣĲܶԸõǴǸ͵ŮӲܶԸЩ˶ǲõģǱȽѰˡ
λ֪ȴͻȻЦʢϣһŮӣ⣬˵ҹӣ֮ǰӾͼĸһ貨ڵĪСЩҹںˣĪСҲˣ͸ЩȴǿԴµģɱǣҲû˻˵ʲô
ǸĪС貨Ľ峤ϵĵӣĽ峤ϱҲħĵָҹߵ֮Ƕˣʱ貨ҲӦò˵ЩʲôԶĪСȻϤģԵĻҸҵС檣ǶҹĴ
ֶǰת廹İüëһơ
ҵȷǲģҲģҵΪԸһЩͻƵ񾳣Ϊҹƻҵõת壬ԵŭʱҲŷһлὫ֤õ֤ĽҲħŵĻҺ޲ðĽҲһյ
Цţҵͬһ㣬ĽȻЩҵ֮ˣҲüƽô࣬忴ƺҲζĪСҲһ㲻Ǻ۹Ⱑ
˵Цţ֮ǰĽҲûˣͻȻʵ⼸Ǹ⡣
˶ҹôҪҲǴȥģһ˵ŮȻǿ϶Ҫģǵһͻᣬ֪öҹҪһ
ͻȻһ¹â̧ȡۿƬ֮Ц˵ǵϢϢˣЩ˶ʯƮϡ
Ʈ塭˶˼ţţǵôǰҹΪƮһ飬ǽż֮Уˡ
ǻʲôǻǿȥƮɡ༱͵
ģЩһܲˣЦһΣһҪȫ׼ҹˣߣеķ龳ϵãʱЩ֣ܳץЩһֶΣƷԷģֻܿЩ龳ĴܲС
ɽ߾⡣ȻһӦ¡
Ҳҹ޵ǣڰͲֽء
ߣҲڱչأҿһλϹ
λ龳Ƿסҹֵ˵ҹһżǱʱҲλ鳤ϳ֣Ǳˡ
޷Ǵλû뵽ҹӣǴεҲ˵ˣħõг֣ʹλ𣬳ʱҹӵõλ龳ôӵߣг񣬡˵ҼȻȲ÷龳ĴܣҲһö𲻵ҹǱһһɱںЩˣܳŵʲôʱ򡣡
Щ취ɱҪãͻȻЦϲһʦͽƮɸʲôģһ׮¡
Ǻǣ˵òҲ溬Ц⣬ⶨȻҲǾɫҹֵˡ
Ըֹ
˴Цţһжǵ֮һ

ĳ֮£ӿҹְֳҹվ֮Уһ˿ЦˣĦ棬ݺһΪʲôҪܵô죬ҸлĻᶼûУ
ǺǣҹҪ˵ôĦЦʱҵҰٰƿص޴½Ҫһۣұƺõ飬ȴΪ㣬ʧħ˵ǱҲǱ㺦õ³ֺαװô޹
ңܰһħͷö֪˵ʲôźãΪԼеҹƺЩЦ˼
ȷӦЦӽԺ޴½ϾͻΪµħͷٻǸˣͳԺһиħйص飬ǣһ𣬱û㣬ȻҲЩʵǸȣ㻹Զ㲻ħԭΣҲħԭ֣ڴ½ϼ𣿡ĦЦЦ
ҺУҪɣҲݣҲݡҹȻ
Ǻǣϣһֱô˵һ˿ԣǲߵÿ˶һȻΪţδؾͱħҪǿ١ĦЦ


829 һ
ͲˣӦõĵԼΪѾ·ӣȥѾûлˡҹᵶǰָ
ǺǣҹΪڲĶ֣ҵ۷ʱڣڵͲҵĶ֡ĦЦţΪҵʵħĦҮķԿΪԭˣŻʵ˵̶ֳȣһеĸԴΪ㣡
ǵĶԹѾºǾͲٶ˵ϻɱҰҹЦһȻӵն
ΪΪеֻһ𣿡ĦͻȻЦˡ
ǼѣǾ⼸ܰɱҰɣҹ˿ûио⡣
Ħ棬ҹһ仰͵Լ̣̾;ô²ô֪
λٲɾλĦ˵ټˡҹĿɨ￴ûʲô
Ƭ֮ЩطֱðһЩʵ壬ȻһĿ壬һЩ
ôǵģǺܱ֪ĦҲ֪ǵΪ׵һǿĺ˵
Ħ棿㲻ӦðҸһΪһ޷ԸңŻǰæӦ֪Ħ沢ûôҹЦ
ĦȻֱҧȴҲûа취ԼȷɱҹҪѾˣ˵һ㣬ȥǰңҰæҪģɱ㣬Ҫ飬ֻҪ￴Ϸͺˡ
һҪˣòҪԶˣһʱ򣬿ɾҪЩ鷳ءҹĿһתЩӦ֪ڵĶ˭ͳΰɣΪУǲض𣿡
ǶǷ龳ĺԭǸ溣ˣ㾹Ȼ̤ƽҲȥЩҲû˶֮أȴҪϡһΪ˵ŮŴĳһĶ˵
ԭˣǲĶĺˣȻǲ뿪Ҳˣ龳ĺڶңҪֻνˣǿɾʹشˣҲô˵ҹЦ
ɲˡ˵֮Ѿһӵϡ
˵ǵ֮ͨһӵϣΪ̶ȵǿߣˡ
ޱߵ֮ˮһӿҹǴӿûκһ϶
ȻǶôԾǾͱҲˡҹӵӭϣʼնûʩչʲôͨ
Ȼһͨҹն˷ӣû˭ܿҹƵġ
ಡ
ҹζƺ뵽֮УҲΣһ̣ĳߣҹˢһնȥǺӦ
һҹš
֮ͷŵһ龳Ȼֻһ龳ڣδҲЩ̫˼ˡ
һԹۿţûҪֵĦ棬׼Ҫˡ
ڵʵЩǿЩǾû취ҹЧҪɱһҲҪһۡ
˵Ƿ龳һ񾳶ôǶҲԻһʱˣҸͨڶ࣬˭Ҫװɱʵ̫ˡ
ΪĦŻ⼸龳Ϊҹû飬Ҳ̫ࡣ
һûģ黹Ҫǿӡ
Ħʱ䣬ҹڹһƬƬնһ
巵龳׷׺ˣΪǵĸ֪֮У⵶ƺרԼһһ㣬Ƿֱ˲档
֮ҹֵ
Ħ漱æһһ龳ˣ⡭ⲻѧ
ҹʲôʵأΪʲô龳ͺǶģһ½ŵĻᶼûˡ
㡭ĦǸӺ£Ϊɱ麣ʵʵֲ̫ˡ
ڻصȥεĺĶ׳ƳǰԭĺһǲһһҹǻҪΪұĻǵܾܿеκһ
ǡǸųĺԥˣǿɲѡ񲻻ضֻҪ뿪֮ǰ͵һᡭ
ϧǴǰĻĶǲģǼȻɱңǾҪ׼øһЩۣǻضѾĿˣĻǾ׼ȥǸȥĵطɡҹŲɵϡ
Ǹȥĵط˭֪ΪѾˣҲڱҹˣǻһ顣
ȻҲһֿܣǾǿ֮ʲôҲûпһжΪޣòٰˡ
ȥﻹûлشҹȴͻȻһתͷһյĵط
ﲢûһˣվĦ涼ɻš
ҹȻһƻ˳ȥֻ۵һһӰˤ˳ȥǱѪ
ٿʱ򣬷˾ȻһĦ档
ôֵģĦһʵ
ôģҪ㣬ҿԸ㣬һܲˣҲһʱ̶вҰȫˣٻϡҹ֣ҹɫ磬ٿ
ѵһĦϣĦѸٵήʧţһǴʧɫɿʷȥ
ɵأҹƣеϹ⣬ת˲֮ض׵
ǸյĦ棬һͷײ׵ƲҽУɵȥƬ֮㰲糣ˡ
Ǻ𣿡ҹתͷǼ
ǡԸĺһ
龳ǲģҹ¹Ǿͱʾ׵ĳ
ҹ֮Ϊ׵ӡǣһܾãúǺĻɣҲĶº񣬻öǰøڡ
ǣˡһӡ֮ǱһȫѾûˡ
ضȥɡҹֵ
ǣˡش
ҹľֻзӺ;Էˡ
ЩûʱҹͻȻһĲɫһüͷҲȻȥƮˣ
һ̣ɫȻ䣬һ֮䣬Ѿû֮С

ƮţҹΪħͨǶǸҹйϵˣ̾ͽɽſ־ܣ֮ʱ˶Ψһ;վƮȵ
ȻԵˣ⻹ߣϴһֵλϡ
龳ʵͬСɣǸոҹԸǼܱȵģϴһ⣬ȴٻŵֶûиҳǶˣһ˵ҹ֣ûзѶۣ̾ͳɽ


830 ˭Ҷҵ
Ʈķ֮ڣڶƮԭӳ϶һ
ŷ֮⣬Ȼķ龳ߣƮĳǶǿɬ쳣
ֻҪһ԰ĵطû뵽Ͷҹߣȴûְ־á
ҹȻµҲ޴ӿɱȵģ˵еһ¾û취ˣҹͿԣһǾͲһһǣôô
ȻҲû취Թʲôûҹ⣬ƮѾɢڱĻᶼûˡ
ʥŮҪ쳤ɬ
ʵϴҶףôûʲôˣ˼ҿ龳ҹҲδؾʲôá
䣬ȴκ˶Ҫ龳ʵҲ̫龳һ֣ƵɽҲֻҪѣҹģֲⷨ£ǷˣȻӦѾˣһ
ʦʦЩ˶𣿡СӸҵ
Ҳ򲻹ЩˣǾ͸ͬھĿƽ˵쳤ϣ浽һƮڵӣģǲҸȥѰ·ɡ
ʥŮ쳤һҵȶǰʥŮͣƮڣڶӵĵʥŮһ𡣡
ʥŮһ𿹵С
ΪƮ壬ʥŮѰһҲĵطȥˣҲᱻױڼʥŮŶ԰
ʥŮۣôʥŮƴǶĵ
ڳҲʵҲˣûҪػƮ壬ǻĻһ˲֪ĵط½ҹȻͼûˡ
¼û˭ҵõҵ٣Ҳû˭Ƶסߵ˸ûϢ޵ˡ
һɣǸСɣҲһ˦Ϊ˶֪ҹˡ
ֻ˵Ǹʱ򣬵ȴδߵһ¼ҹ־ģûмˣţһΣǰ˻ʸ񣬡ʥŮ⵭ȻһЦ绨һˣֻҪŬΪǸͺˣһȥûκá
һĬȷǵΪʵûκμֵ
ţһȥΪʥŮȻֻϣѡ
ȻħŵǾͲҪǿɡ֮⣬ƺʧȥģ֮䣬Ѿն¡
ƮĴһƬ׵֮쫷ת£ⶼڻһ㡣
ɻٿһ˳ȴһ˶ġ
ãڣϱţѾ
֮£֮ǰվһƬطͱն֣ǿֲӣ֪龳һͨˡ
ڣѵǾƲһ𣿡Щü
ҲƲˣ˼һ£ȻҲһޣƾһ˵޷ͻƣиǿ˲佫ƣⷨҲȻˡ
˺һԡ߳
ţҲֻˣССҲǷ龳ǰſƮССɵĻɽƲպˣҪôȥʿﳤҲżֶ
˿⻰˵̫⻰˵ȥˣҪһƲզŪǾûʿˡ
ǶǾҪȫԸҪȻһ˴󣬾һȥˡ
һλ龳ȫֵʱ򣬾رɫολһ𣬶ʱ;ƮΧķƣȫѸޱߵϯ
Ĳǵѹ֮£ȻǱնһѿƮ˷֮ڵأһʯһ㣬Ҳ̶õӡ
λ龳˴˶һۣ΢΢ͷȻͬһʱ䣬޴ӡƮ취ѹȥ
Ϊ˲һˣǰҲûйĬһǲûԼֵͨǽԼǿĵ˳
ȻʧһͬҲϡ
ֻһɽľɻɼ龳ǶֶΡ
һƮķ֮ϣǷ̾;ҵҡ
ɫ׵âڲϵظʧٸ֣ʧ쫷ҲĴײȴ޷ֿ˵һ㡣
¡
֮ʲôٵˡ
λ龳һϲʱǱΪٵķȴȻһޱҫ۵Ĺââ̫һ㣬ǵ۾޷
һɾ˲ķλ龳ֹ
ߣλѾ˵ģֻǸԴԼɵĵӣһ֮С
ˣǻܵһЩನһЩˡ
ķ󣡡ôˣڿ˷֮Ҳµ˵
˶˷ĵֻһ˵Ļ˵ˣܲⷨ˾Ѿˡ
ƺҲֻʣһ֮ˣǽһͿƵǸ󡣡ﳤȴͻȻ˵
λ龳ٴζһۣܿʹһ£Ҫһơ
龳գֻƬ̵ʱ䣬ֻصƮϿա
ǷѾûԭǼֻҪһ֮£ɡﳤٴδ
ٴ̧֣һٿűϴθӾ޴Ϊǿɲһܵķˡ
ޱ߷һյƶ
˷һʱѾҪ׽ٵĳ̶ˡ
Һֻˣһ˴׽ǾҪһ㡣
䡭
һȥûһθ𺳣Ϊµûþʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
Ȼˣλ龳ǴϲȴҲջء
ĶħҲ๼ŵģȻͿԳΪǵ

޴ʱƮ˵ɫò԰
رһͲƮЩܳܵ˵ġ
ҪǿһЩħٵһĻǿŻȴҲ޷ȫֹֻܼٴҵơ
𡭡
ѹȵҪѪСӣͻȻһϿʼɫۼ
СӾȻһ˰֮壬ߣҹߣƮƮ֮ڣȻһȺħϿСӵӣ̾ô¡
˴ѹ֮£壬ֱӾֳˣСֻϳۼףΪˣȻһ˰壬ŻַӦ
˵ãȽǸСɱ˵߳ϸӸɴ֮࣬ҪСӡ
ңȵ˭Ҷҵӣһ޷뿪


831 ޷ֹͣ׼
һָ̤ħٷǷӣȴɷ֮
һģмϿ񱮵ʯͷձǽĪСħǰƵĽ壬ԼֿտգʲôҲûãȴȻսĸ
Ľ峤ϣСһɽҿԷŹһЦҵС檣ܱħŵҪǿö࣬ɽҲȻúöԴʦͽġ
Ľɫһ˼ֲмɱǣСԸ˭ߣʦҲܲˣ㼴ɱҲδܸı⣬Ȱ㻹ǲҪ׷Ļˡ
Ľ峤ϸһС֪ҪôˡԵĿøӷ
ĽҲǴˣһ֮̾׶Էʲô˼ȴİת壬Ҳû˴ѹû˸ȻΪţκ˶ܵ֡
գǴӵֶΣʹҹˣҲΪҪʤҪ뾡һаֶΣֻҪΪһħŵ£ǱڼʩΪˣĽ٩٩̸ƺûʶǰжΣǵΪ貨ڵǿԺԵ貨ڵĵӣħҲӦ貨ãֲλ֡
λ龳Ҳ΢üͷ⻰˵Ҳȷǣ貨׷ȷǲ˵ġ
ǺǣĽ峤ħЩ貨ҲûίҲǿĽ峤ϹµҪһЩοѣ貨֪ˣܸ˴ٳɴ¡Ц
貨ڻ᲻ǶǺ󻰣ڣҪõĽ峤ϣֻû˿סҡҲ˵
Ľɫһݣû뵽һξȻǳˣ֣Цħżû뵽쾹ȻһȰңΪħûһħĪ˵Сӣɽķ龳Ҳ޷ֹһѪ׼ħ񣬲ŵģǱԣһ׼ܵס龳
ԭôʦҲҪĪСæ
ĽԼͽʲôʱܳһѾͷĵһˡ
ǰǰԭĻϻֺð취Ҳ̽ңֱͨ׼⼸龳˭ȥˣǲǸãҲѯʵ
ĽôһҲ֡
ǸĽϣҪ׼ĻҲһݣҿͷȽϴ˵ǵءĺʯͷͷ
Ľ峹ҹ⽻ĶһЩʲô˰׼˾ͻزˣôĴҶΪȥһȦ֮󣬹Ƶġ
㣬Ǽ׼ĻͻȻ˵λ龳оųɵİ޷뿪ֻ֪ˣˣȷǲһԡ
ĽȫһݣҲ״Ҳ˵Ц֪һսμѣ˵龳ǰǸͲô˼ֱһƺǾѾȫˡ
Ȼ·һǲ͸ͬھ
ǷһЩʵԼٲᱻ衣
ô˵ǶѾˣȻ̫ţǱ㿴Щô׼ġ
Ľȥ΢΢һͷ
ħ죬һƬ罫Ǽ˶Χ£
ҵɫȻĪСҲ˵ʲôˣһȥɾǲٻˣȻ£վεѡ
֮ѪħġĽָϸѪ⣬
һĹ⻪𣬽ֹ⻪鲼ȼˡ
ۿĹ⻪伸˶ĿһͣҪİ
ҲЭҹ߹ȻһȺ̬

߳ϣе
߳̾ͻ⣬ǲĽ׼ɣȻԷͬھôڴ׼ʽͿˡ
û̫ĶֻңңһָǼ˵Ȧӵȥ
ޱ߾գ˺һӣҪЩ⻷Ƶ
ʱ⻷Ȼȥȴֺص˻֮ǰ߳ϷĻҪӾ޴
䡭
߳ϵʱɣҲѪ
׳գĪСŰ۵ħ׼ʹˣǲǴħΪⰡ˭
ĻȻЩ֣ǵȴܽͨħ׼ԭΪֻ˵˵ѣϾǲûбƵ̫û˵Ҫ⶯֣˭֪Щ˾ǳ䵽˼޵һһֻһָͷͰѳ򳹵ˡ
û취𣿡Կ׼ʼҲЩü
Щ˶׼ˣȻ϶ܰҹŭˣƴҲ̫ЩҲʧת尡ǶǺҪĶ
ʵõת壬ҹ˵ҲڵЧЩ˶ˣʧ
ֻһһ£ٲܹϵĻǿ޷ֹˡﳤҲź˵
߳ϿɻУʵ
ûд󰭡߳ĨѪ
ǸʩչԼͨؽսӵҲħ֮޴½Ҳ˷ʩչ
ȷ޴½ô˵ҲӦЩʿͳεģǺܾ֮ǰҲӦǹʥصͳεģûħͳιһʱڣħŴѹ޷ֱħҲûлָԪ
˵ħ޴½Уǲôŵģ޴½ֻɵķ½磬Ҳ϶жħơ
һƣһû˹ܣѾħͳˡ
ϵһͨ񽣵Ӱ߳ǲﳤȴһɽ
Ӱֻһȥ֪ޱϣһʩչȻɺӡ
ӰԽԽʵҪ֮һʵ
ˢ
ϸ΢գһɫ磬˵۾޷׽
λȫԸʩչͨĳϣʱԼԪڱ˳ȡţȡٶȿԼš
֮£һԼͨæȥ
ȻΣյĸоֻһ¾ûˣٻʱѾǿտҲոձ˹ֻһֻþѡ
龳ʩչͨʱȻع˵Ĺ֮ڣȻǵķ֪ؾʹ͸ǵһзǵıԪ֮
ͣ£ѵҪ׼ħ𣿡λɻôµʱǱҹѾһǸ޴Ĺ⻷ȥһ˻
ҹڻˡĽ忴ҹ֣Ҳ΢΢һħ׼޷תģͣҲȻûа취׷ħѾùһЩȻַʽƭ


832 鷨
ҹɫأҪô
Ľ嵭ȻЦЦ޷ֻҪһ˶ѡ
Լһˣ˼ĽҪ׼ˣֻ׼ĲǼԼ
Ƭ½ڶԣСûбǣңҪúöԴСҲ֪ƴһĴ㣬Ҳһ㡭Ľ֮䣬ϵĹ⻷ԼϵĹâȴ֮ǰҪҫ
ĽϡҹʧĽ壬һʱޱѹ
һοԼǰʧУҹȭͷ߬
СúպܳɾͷǷ˵ܴ޾ʱ䳤֮У޵ʦĻǣΪʦ㽫ϣˣĪҪʦĽѾȫ˻棬¸ǳ޵״̬ĪСţϵЦⲻ
ʦĪСţģһģҪұҲҪȥ㣡
ΪʦΪһ顣ĽĿҲģͬһ״̬ȴش˳
֮һɾ޴񲢲ӵеĶһ㣬Ȼ˵ķȥ
ãĽ׼֮㣡߳ϻæ֮У֮ǰʱһ㡣
⼸Ҳһֻȥˣȴû⡣
޴ħ׼׷Ȼϯ
ﳤϴԣòٴζ˳
ȻǺһƲݵִҲһ֮׷һ׷һ֮䣬ﳤϺƺҲûʲô·ߣȻȵͷ
ﳤȻľȥȫطţȻһ֮£ȴȫκεӰ졣
Լӳ֮󣬷Ǳ䷢ĿһڶħƵϣת˲֮Ѿήȥ
ŷĿֲҪӵʱȴͬħմȾ
øӿ٣ֻһ֮䣬Ѿ˻ҽ
ܣ׼ôô޴ֻһĻ񾳶ѡ߳ϴžŵı
һ񾳽һ׼ħȴһԻ龳ôĻĸ龳ǻˣ
ҿոյӣﳤ龳һûУԣδӵˣҲʵ̫ǿһЩ
ôĻ⼸˶ȥ׼ֻҪˣĸˣҲᱻԷһʣˡ
ܣҹתһƬţĽħһӵһħĦҮѪħѪ׼ħȴֻɱˣ˵ⲻ𣿡
ħѪ߳ϵ˶Ȼݡ
˵öӵѪ׼ףħ񴫵ݹǹɷŭѾ㹻Ǹɱˣֻɱˣ⻹㹻˵ġ
ҹѵ׼Щ˶Ϊһ׼ͻȻʵ
׼ҹЦЦмֱ̫ԼˣһĽҲˣȻ⼸ˣһһȥĽϰɡ
ҹΪŻţͿΪΪ¹УħŹһ𣬾Ҳ̻㡣Ϻȵ
ǻʲôһɡҹʵ
ҵҪ˭׼㻹бʲôֶǼɵ𣿡߳Ҳŭ
ҵֶΣҪ˵ɱǣҲֻһжѣαظǽôࣿҹٿ˰ҹһ̤ǰȥ
СǰѵǵһæѣǼʶǵġ
Ļ䣬ͼǰҹһڹ⣬ֱ߳϶ȥ
߳һ֮䣬ȴȻһתֳϴȥ
ϱԽȻıԾҲݲ£һʧģǾ͵ԼԼ˵أҲûиҹԿʸ

һգ֮䣬ⶣ֮ڶҲ֪Թ˶ٽⲢʲô޴ͨҲûرǿƺڱ˴̽š
Ȼҹ﹥ţûзֳʤȴͻȻһоͱĺΪѾסĲӡ
Ҷθ˵ҪңȻѾһֺξһսҹ˵
ſ߳˫Ŀȴֲǰ
ʲôҹתͷȳССķ龳͸ҵƮҫҾҪǣ˭Ҫ
һƺڰԪǿע뵽ڶԷǾĿ֮УѸٵس鴤ţһը촷ۡ
ҹУһĿϷʵתת㳤ϣ㳤ϣһΣٻĻᶼûУ˽ӣѾˣ
˵ţӽ˿תͷ߳ϡǻڸҹԹϣѹûôע⡣
Ҳһ󽹼ΪҹҲ̽ڿԷ԰ҹסԼǿҲԴɱǱǸӡ
ؼǣԼӴҪͻưҹʱȴָҹһһʽعڲٿһ㣬ͲʩչκͨĻᣬϴҲӣʵ̫ˡ
߳ϣҪСİϼæѵ
Ѿˣҿǰκεֶζûʩչ߳˵Ļһˡ
Ψһϣ߳ܰҹɱһҲãܰѵˣȻһԸҹмʤ
ȻħұĽƺҪӾ߳ûлشϣȴҹ˫֡
ո˫﷢˺ڰħɱġ
˵ûڰħҼ˵ɱ˿ħҹȻ˵𣿡
úúãøҹ޴½÷ӿԭȻһħͷ߳Ц
ǰҹȻһħͷҹ˿ѾƺĿ£Щνôûɱǣûкǣûӿʱ򣬻һҪңһҪɱңһҪֶͨɱЩˣǸħͷҲûǾħͷֶԸЩħͷļһɡ
ҹٿһ»صҹУ˲õɣ̴һʩչϽͨ
߳Ҳ̻ӳͨҹֶȥ
ҹЩãÿ̤һûʵȴʵʵڵ˹ȥƺЩͨӰûа취˵һ
龳Ѿɾ˷龳߳ͻȻȵ
ҹǻ񾳵ʱ򣬾ѾöԸˣʱǲŷ֣ҹѾǷ龳ˡ
Ƿ龳鷨ķ龳ϸһɬ
ָࡣ
뽣ȻڲǴ˳ȥû˿壬ҹ֮ǰ뽣ѾɻңҲ޷۵һ


833 
ʧȥ˽뽣࣬ɫѾһƬҰףȻⲢûκãҹİҹû˿˲Ѿֱ̹ȥ
Ӱ֮£˲ͱޣһѪҺû¡
ҹϴŭûֳܵ衣
˵ԼɱŵӣȻȴʲôҲˣָоҪӿɶٱ
Ҿ˭˭ҵǰҹŲٴһ߳ϵǰҹֱݹȥ
߳æӦԣ֮ͨŰҹȥȻеһУڽӴ˰ҹ֮ƺֻһƬޣûκ˰ҹ֮иоʵڵĶ
ҹ壬ЩֻͨһֻһӰҹʵ壬Ҳǰҹʵ塣
߳ϴ󼱣ͲܿģΪѾʵʵڵظܵвǰľһӰѡ

߳ϵȼ˻棬֮ȼıԴͬһȫȼյ
Ľ׼һɿԵõ⻹һ龳׼
ûõġҹ֮ϹһЩȼյȫһԵطɵ档
߳һѪ⻹ò˻ˣ׼׵Էˣû
ε߳ϣѡһʡµİ취
龳̺֮ǲСģ˲Ʈ˾ȥ
ҪסˣͿҹе赻һ⣬˵ͷγһ͸Ĺ֣ӿûвκ˺ǱֶŨ
ϿҲҪѪһԱ˵ģҹǰһж⡣
Աڸ㣬ԱһҲյˣҪ
ҹ߳Ϻﳤ龳ĳ֮жƣ˿֮Ѿ˹Χ㣬Ƿ龳ϣôҲȻǷ龳صҲϢߣüһҪȴҲȲеķ龳һ֡
𣿡ҹʵ
㡭ˣ⻰ȴ˵ڡ
Ҹ֮ûʲô̫ĳԹҲǽκεĳ𣬵Ľ峤ϵҲȻһҲȥĽһ̰ɡҹû˿飬ٴǰȥ
һ£Ϣ֮Ҳûаʲôûз
֪һ̳ʱ˾Ѿעˡ
̾һƴԼеҪһԼҹĲൽж
飡һѽĽҪ͸һ㡣
ͬʱһѽӭҹĵ

һ졣
ȻֻһϵĶ棬ȴһ㡣
龳Ҳûдҹĵ˵Ƿôһˡ
Ҳʮֿ϶ڵˣ
ٴγһһȴңǱסˣֻôһ㰡
ΪԽߣԽŸĶŻӺһΪһˣʲôʧȥˡ
ꡭ
һ֮󣬰ҹͻȻԱһбŽȥˣֻ֮һƬǡ
õĻֻһûһ̵ͻأسϵĲǰ
ꡭ
һ죬ҹϵĲӡ
ֻһ㡭ޱȱߵš
ȻûϣȫʬҲûУҲһȫʬվûܻ
ҹ쿴ŵȥϣʹϧεس̾һ
ֽ֮ľǸŵķ龳Ȼǰ龰Ҳһã
ҹһжǰͣԽҧгݵ
ҹ޵ģԽˣʧĶǵӣȴ׶ӣһҲصһ׶ӡ
ɱģ˵;ʹˣһֻ˵ǾȡҹػӦ
һȡҽǲɱ̤ƽƮ壬ұ㲻ԽԽϺȵ
ҹ̧̧ƤĿҲ⣺һ̤ƽɽҾͲҹ
ţ
˶˭Ϊҹ˶ķ龳Χ֮£Ȼ뷽跨ȥͣΪԼһɣ˲ȥƴû뵽ûнͣ˵Ҫ̤ƽɽ
㵱Ϊҹ˵Ըɽһ𣬲ҹĲɽšҲ
أ㵱ΪҲ֪ҪһҸո˵ģ̤ƽҲ㣬żһһҹЦţѾ˰㣬˭ҲҪһ𣿡
üͷ΢壬ķ龳Ҫ˵ȴֹ̧֣ЩˣҹҲƴɱһӣһ龳ϱɱҪһ˵
Ҫʲô˵ҹʡ
Σ㽫ʵұˡ
䡢ԡˣΪħΪɣλ龳ϣƮ廤ɽͼ°ɱҵѣ貨Ľ峤ϣΪ˱ⱻԵС֮ͽ裬Ϊɱɽķ鳤ϺԣЩˣ㶼ɱģΪĽȥɡҹɨˣҹ뽲˭ҪɱҵģɱһɱһذλмԻŻȥ
⻰˵ޱ˵ǰƺֳһһ棬̲סǰ˸
ĬһϺˣδ׼˽ɽʵδ֮ǰͼţŹ浱ҹɱˣΪ貨Ľϱڲ׷
֣⻰ʲô˼ԽɫһݣҹħŵһżʱԻħħҲΪΧѵ⻹֤ݣǼλΧЩƮ˲ԣҲҹħɱ
ˣҲͷŵĳϱһħ֮ɱҵȾȻεĻԺ֮лкԸ£
ħδؾħţ컺һ㣬ʵѾ˵Σÿÿ˶֮ʱͻὫħߵħŶԴһ飬Ҳ˻㱨ˣٻȻħǲûɱ˺飬ҹȻΪҲΪѻ²ûвףǸλΪһ飬Ҫʹˣ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
ô˵ҪվҹһߣԽɫԽѿ
ˡ֮䣬뿪ˡ
ʣڵķ鳤ϣڿҹ֮Ҳ뿪
Ѿ̬ȻΥͲնħˡ
貨ûǸҲûڵ˵ڱչأҾˣҲδؾͻվԼһߣʣµľֻںɽڵˡ
ڵˣҲоλ龳ʵǿ֮֮ǰλһɱġ


834 ûô
ҹΪһ֮ڶԿԽƮЩں֮ڣЩЦ˵
ѵһΪһᱻɱҹ۾ӦֻҪһ˲ɽͱҪһ찲ӣһɱǷɽҲҳһ̣ȻⲻǽһɱҲûɽΪֹġ
ԽƤ鴤ţò˵ҹ⻰ɱ
ŲȥһЩǿߣΪһôҲ˦ģԷֻҪ׾ͿԹ
һˣɽȻẦ£ǳּ龳ϲɱҹȴܸǴ̫вˡ
ò˵ҹ̫ˣǾλ龳֮£㾹ȻҪ𣿡ĿЩϷʣƮˣмλҪҹģԸƮڵģڿԳŻӭǡ
һ仰ȻڶҡҹЩˡ
Ҫҹû˻ῴʵ
ǽȴǡǡ෴Ʈȷ⶯ģҲֻһ¶ѣûκ˿뿪
ԸҹһˡԽҲޱʵ
ǲ֪ҵסǵκһܵŴǲΪ˴Ҷǣ˵ʱǱûκãһɢûзֱһɢ޻磬ҹʵΪʲôҪһң
ҾͳȫǣһȥɣȻȲˣ֮Ǵȫ
ڷ龳Ҳͬһʱ䣬׷ҹҹ֡
ˡ
ʲôܵˣԿռüȶ
ѵţ
ڵķ龳Ϊо治κһŵǿġ
ҹϷķһΣϷһսɡ¡¡һ㡣
㳤ϣ̾˳
㳤ϳˣ
˵㳤ҪͻһأŻѡأѵѾͻ𣿡Щ龳Ҳڲ²š
㳤ϣҹҲ˼أѾ˶ɽٵʵˣҶɽٶ˵ֻһ̣Բ⣬ֻѹԼʵѣҵǹ󡣡
Ϊ㣬ӦǶɽٵʱ䣬ڣҲһʱ̣Ƚ㿴նɱ֮ȥ㳤ϵ¶
һһʱ̣ⱲӶûȥɽٵĻˣ±ɡҹؿѾεߡ
ǰǷȴһ޶ڿֻ֮ǾöԷʵȷɲ⡣
ҹûаʤˣϾԷѾ͸׽ٵİ취һֽɵʵֻһͿԳΪˡ
֮ãһЩСආǣŭ⣬Ҳǣҵظһս㳤˵ŵʱѾڳˡ
޴ӡӵص׶ȻҹҪƮץȥ
̤ƽڡҹҧҲ֪Ϊ㳤̶ֳȣɱ˱Ҫһٱ
οԷΪʵҪǿϲ١
ۿӡѾ޿赲ռ侹Ȼٴһһһʽز㳤ϵӡ档
һҾ޴ķɴӿռƾʻ˳ǶζӰۡ
ۣ
˻ϲǣǵЩŵķ龳ϲȻƮһˡ
ֻҪػƮԺ˭ǣ
Ҫػһħˣʵ
Ȼ󣬵ҲͬСš
֮УҲû˸Ȼô¡
ҹͬʱҲ֮˳ղûиı䣬ȴһ˿Ǹ⣬ܱǸθһõϢڳ˵㲢֮ˣջ˶ػ
ҹȻӶԷ￴ЩߣʱҲо⣺Һ֣רϢȻٿЩ˰ɱ֤ǵĳ˵ǶԵ𣿡
΢ΣȴҲæϣ֪˵Ӱܴ󣬶ҲΪ˱ʾǸڳϴӦӦһҪֻҪΥģ㡣
ãҹһָǰȺˣȫ
塢Խ˶ɫ䣬ҹҪôֱӣҪĴӦˣǾʵˡ
ʵڱǸٴΣȻҲ㣬ŵӲܰɱˣοţһҪ󡣡
ԴҹͲµҲ⣺ǾػЩˣȫҪһúõػӦòΥǵĹɣ
ҹһۣãҴӦ㣬һЩȫɽ磬ŵǣе֮ˣİţǲֹģϣԭҡ
֮ˣҹһǾɡ
Ҳ֪ŵĵˣ˵ٶ࣬ҲȡĶֺαأ
Խڶߵҹߣס֣Ҹһ𡣡
ãҹЦҴ򲻹Ǹϼһôˣ׶Ըġ
Ҹòײż棬Ҳٸֿˡǿ
Ҳҹһ𡣡̤ǰһ
ҲҪʯͷ˳
һңһܶңĪСŵʦѾˣҪٲҪңҾȥ
ǶڣһûңƮһŻ棬ҫ۵ĻɢȥõƮȻ¡
һֱȥսдϫ֮ĳһһȫŸ߹Ľ֯ľɫŮӣһΣΣҲҪ㡣
ҹҪڣԶȴһӰǵӰüҴңǸոյõϢ̾͸˹Եֲִٻš
ӡ΢΢ʣûʸҪŶΣܹһ
ӣæǰȥǣסԷְοš
Ŀ⣬ͻȻʧڶԷļϿ
ʲôޣûĪСĨѵ
ҹǺͬĪСĹ۵㣬ǻһת㻹֣ǲߵľʹߡ
һʱûӦ漴㽫һӣƮȻǽ档
ҹֻӳһâ䵽ʯͷߡ
ٴλ֣õĪСʯͷҲǿߡ
æץסҹӦҪҵġ
ҹһЦԷ뻳ḧ˳ͷȻһҪһȻ
šӦ
һһҹָһϹ⣬û뵽ĺ֮Уʱȥ
㡭ľȵò֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
ҹλ˵ʲôĻᣬһָ˹ȥ
Ȼǻ񾳣ҹĶаķ֮ʱҲιȥݡ
ҹתͷĶ
ûģĶժɴĵЦҪֹңɲôס


835 ׼
ȷҹҲε̯֡
ⲻӣȷʵĶҲǷ龳ǵõ˺УӵеʵδرȵҹҹҪƷԷҲʲô׵顣
ܲԼȥ߻صﲻʺ㡣ҹȰ
ܣĶС죬˵ΣҪһսңû뵽ΨһңҺܿġ
ô𣿡ҹüҼǵڹ򶫺ʱ㻹Ǻġ
ǰǺ񰡣㲻˵ԼҺţվҺڵľˡĶʮֿ϶˵
ðɣȻǿҪΪһˡҹҡҡͷΪΡ
ĶոҪ˵ʲôͻȻһתȥָһƾˮֻվǰҹ˿ͻȻһ׵֮Ϯ
ˮסǵ׵磬޷ֵ׵ˮ˿ȴ׵⣬ȫ˲
ҹұ֪һƭҵġĶŭصŶԷǾɫ֮£ŭҲԵø
ǰͲٱƭһ𣿡ҹ̯̯֡
ܣƭҵģΪ׼Ķ֣ص
Ҳ׼û֡ҹ۾͸һ˿թ
ĶͻȻоЩæת֮䣬ͼһҹվͷͬʱһ׵֮Ϯ
׵֮δ֮ʱĶȻȳ֣һǽ֮䣬ҹô죬ҲƵıǽ
Ȼڱǽ֮ʱһڰ֮Ϯ棬Ķ󾪣תʱͿ֮ǰһҹûʧ
ⲻǻʵϣǰһǼٵģҹַסĶĽǸ˵˼Ķѡȥɽ磬ڶ
Ҫһ𣡡ĶоǹɺڰһּԵķʽҲǾǿþһзͼЩڰ֮ȥҪһһ𡣡
ðɣѡ񣬡ҹϵĺڰ֮ȻӾ磬ߵŮ˲ȥȻҲ߰ɣʤǵûʲôҰˣұ𡣡
áܼػش𣬻ֽĶŽ
龳ĶûôױҹŵһЩֶΣټĶһֱҹʤֲ֮£ȻͳЩ
ڰԪʴ֮ǱκҪ׵͹ľ˿Կˡ
ںġҹԥһ£ڸ˵ǰͻغ̻ɣĺ̻ᣬȻһţû˭Ϊҵԭ򣬶ȥ鷳
㻹бҪ𣿡ʵ
ҹ̧ͷĿºͣôһҪ𣿡
ЩϼһһЩҪҲӦõġ˵ʱмַ߷߲ƽӡ
Ůӣ֮ûΪҹ֮ˣ̾תһ̬ȡ
ǵǲʮԸҹ˵
ȻԷֻЦԸ϶޷ʵֵġ
ûб飬뿪ɣҹһۣһҪŴء
أϣɽ￴㡣ף
İɣ˵Ǹϼһˣ㲻ʲôҹ˵ֻ޷ô˶ѡ
Ҳȥ仰ĻǼٵģֻ֮ϣۻʻ֮УǸûгֹһ
ҹûŵػ㻹޴½㣡㳤èڿűϷŪһ㣬۾Ϸ֮⡣
㳤˵ЦҹͬҲϷʵζڹʥһΣ㳤ϵĻǱ۸ɵģ⼸ΣĴǿŵģ㳤ƺûҵռʲô˰ɣ治֪ôĿǴš
֪Сӣ㳤ȴȻмǰֻǰѣڵ㣬ʲôʸҵǰţΪսʤϷһĪ˵ϷڵΪʵȴǰǿ˶٣Ǵǰҵڴ֮ʱҪɱҲ練ƣҲ֣Ҳһɱɱһֻһ㡣
Ϊλ֣ҹʵĿɨںɽλҲᣬҲʱһˣλ㳤֣һԸҰɣģҲᳰЦԶٵģΪҿǵ˻ǲ࣬ǲء
ҹ㲻üССļҵǰȫõģԽ㳤ϼȻҪһɱ㣬Ҳɣţ㳤֮ܣȻԽնɱҺҲһԹۣ֮ˡ
⻰ﻰ⣬û˿©ҹȥ㳤ɱˣǾͲ֣ɱˣǻһӵϣѾȫҪ龳ˣôҲûа취ȶԷʲôҹľٶ
ܺãҹҲڴԣܻ뿪ںɽ󣬾͵³ɣҹЦ
仰ûʲôʵʵ壬ΪҹûӵǴһ龳ǿߵ˵ֻ˻ҹ廹Խоӿһ⡣
Сӿµڣһ龳ǵֵزȴûаѶԷɱĻĽҲֻҹԷþһа취ŵĵ֡
Ǳķ龳ǻô£ҹһĿǰֻ㳤ϲܶԸ㳤ڵΪѹţһſѹƣ̾ͻ׽٣ʱ޴½˭ҹĶ֣
һ죬ҹɾһһв¼û˭ɱ˶ԷֲϸԼԿֻǽܿõĵӳϣ񾳣龳䵥˶ͨͨɱǿһµľ
ʱű˵ʲôҫֻɽŶҿˣǲϵûгɸ֮ʲôأ
㳤ϣһҪɱ֪ȻһȻûк˵ˡ
֮ǰһֱΪҹǻ񾳣Ȼڵʱ򣬿Եλ龳ĹʱҲûȫǻԶܸķᲢۡ
һֱΪֻҪɱҹۼǵʵǺ׵飬û뵽ҹĳɳٶԶԶǵԤƣһ˸һķ龳֮̾ͱñͨķ龳Ҫ֣ҲҪѲҹֲĵط
һɱ˭֪᲻һ㳤ϣֲʵǵʱڵ㳤ϻҪֱӾͻȥ̤ƽǵɽţʱ³ˡ
ģѾضãҹǱ仯޳ҲһӲ޵㳤̩ɽ
𣿿һθ߹Լһܲõϰߣøİҹ˵ŽҹУҪʼˡ


836 
ҹһ̤϶ʱѿһƣͬʱѾ𣬰ҹϲһ˿˿׵֮ȼһ㡣
δʱ׵֮Ѿȥ
㳤һֻſƣƺһ㣬׵֮ʱϤû˿𶯣ǿʵ
ֻʵ𣿿һ̫߿ˣ˵ǴǰٵҵķҲֻѣǶŴģȥһͨһ㣬Ƿ龳ʵȥǰˣʵȴǰ硣㳤ƽˮȴһŷģ˶Ϊġ
ҹ𻰣ֻǻһӰ˷㳤ΧһӰÿһƺǾʽǷЩֵӰ㳤ϵϣ̾ͱ
ǧӰ֮УǴһ㲻ɣãɶΡȻ
ҹ㳤ԶԽųеľƣҲ΢΢
Ȼ㳤ϿѾܶɹ׽ٵˣΪҹȻھ֮ϣɽ֮ˡ۾̾һ
ľǸˣЩʱ֣㳤϶ᱣڣȴҹ֮
ûз˵㳤ĲȥᣬֱɽˣǵǻһڵһЩ
ù£ȴƴɱҹѾǴҹעص㣬ǰĿʩչͨ㳤ϡ
̡
һƽʾ֮ҹǧӰһӶĭ
ռƾճ˺ܶһС̣ÿһ̶ƵһҹĻӰе֪ˡ
һɱ֮㳤ȴûиҹеӰӶʧˣһʵ嶼û¡
СӡԽҲһ
˶ûвսȴҲʱ̶עս֣ոҹʩչ˰ٰͨȴ޷Ƶ㳤ϵķ㳤ֻǻ֮䣬ƵҹǧӰ
أһûС
㳤ƺûз֣һֱйעսֵķ龳Ҳûп
֮еЩ鳤ȥֻÿ˶һãӣȻûһע⵽ҹܵȥˡ
⣡
Խ˶һͬʱ֮ǰҹòƿ˵ĻˣǱȻһ޴Ĵ
㳤ֻһܻţҾҲûȫİգ˵㳤Ѿ˶ɹ׽ٵʵǿŲԼһУվǳ֮ơ
ΨһԳƵģ֮ˡ㳤Цһ
㳤ϣҹѾ𣿡æʵ
Ϸļ㣬ҵķ֮УֻСһʮ֮ԼλõһĴС㳤̾ǱҪɽķû뵽ȴһ
ûߣԽϲ
ֻҪû߾ͻץסĻᣬ֪ҹҲܵġ
ˣҵ֮ǿ𣿡㳤ƺԸ⣬ɣ
㳤ϵָȥƺһ㣬㣬Ҫӿٺ͸ӵöࡣ
һ㳤ϵָţȻһķʽɢ뵽֮УƺһСС̽ӣȥ̽Ÿ֮е
һֱڳţһʱҲûб仯
Ȼʿ˵һʱҲûʲô˵ģǵһһʱûҵʱǱܵľͻΪǸ˸Ͳ
ǵʶֻ֮Ҫʶһɨ֪ܲҵˣͲ໨һӡ
㳤ȴһʶȻȴԼ֮ڼһʽ
㻹ӣ㳤ͻȻЦһָյĳȥ
һָȥûʲô֮ȴǰѿռ䶼һһؽһصĶֳڶһľ
ƿؿռ֮󣬹ȻһԾŵҹУƺû뵽Լᱻҵִ֮ƻȻ㳤Ტˡ
Ȼһ֮ҹһƻѪˤڵʱ嶼ѿˡ
ţԭ㳤ϴʤλ죬Ǵ˿һȴ־÷ˡ
㳤ȻҲһƾҪҹĵزҹȻǻҪǿԷҪɱԼȴô׵顣
Ѫ⣬Ҫ˵ҹһѪˣǾǲܵģһͨĻ񾳶ûôοǷ龳ҹֱ̬أ
㳤ȻҲһָ֮󣬽ڿе˼ָеĵ֮УеֵһҹϣϴһЩҹȫһоͲ
벻ɣҵõе֮ҹԴ
㳤ҲûֱӾͳɱԷԷͶȥɵĿУֱõһ֮
㻹㳤ϣǰӦûɽɣҹŶԷƺʱѾҪˣûеõ֮ôأ㵱ⶫµʱ򣬾ѾˣԼȥһȫ֮ˣпߣû뵽˵õȫȻʼʱ򲢲õõ֮һֱ֣飬ǻԶԷ˽𣿡
ȷЩС㣬õ֮󣬱㲻ܿĵطΪǲŹģ֮󣬵֮ϣû㴫У㲻ܴС㳤ϰȻ
ǺǣɲˣҹЦ֮ҲҶĶȴδض֪Ҳǵһν֣֪Ҫôܻ㣬»û־ɣ
㳤ɫ΢ŭָɽҹץȥ
һץ֮䣬ָĿռ䣬һ㣬Ҳ޷ƶ
ҹ˼Σû취ռߣɫҲȻȼһɫĻ档
ߣھѾҪȼ𣿿ֻôһֶΣ㳤ϵ˵֮䣬ѾŨŨĲм֮ô򵥣õ֮ͼҿ⣬ҲֲǵľٶҪ֪һϣҲʼ棬ҵģ
ҹֻϵʢҪԼһжȼոɾһ㡣
СӣͼЩҪͬھ𣿾֮Ҳóǲܵ顣㳤ϵ
ڻãǱ֮װˡҹһֳˡ
ǰȼյģ


837 ʧ
ȼŵĲȻĵطȻ㳤һαƭˡ
Դ㳤ԼЩ˼飬Ǵ˿ȷǸоҹһߣǵȷҹϢһ㶼ûд
ǰһȴѾ¶˻Ӱ
ҹȻбƭĻӰ
Ӧ˵ƭ㳤ϵ֮
ƭ㳤ϵ۾Ҫѣ֮֮
Ϊ㳤ϣһϱ˻ܣƱҲΪӰת˲֮䣬Ѿõ뷨ҹӰͬʱȰڵķȥ
֮ǰҹӰǧڵ㳤Ҳ˿һ˲֮䣬㳤ϵӰӱҹղŻҪࡣ
֮ɫȻţΪһʧˡ
ҹĽƻʵ߳˵Ԥϣ֮ûа취οǱأ
㳤ƺҵļ֮УȫȻĸţڼҹ֮
֮Ȼһ϶϶һɫĺᵶ溮ɢȫһ
ꡭ
һݺݴȥȴ㳤紦ͣǲ̣Ǳּס˵
㳤ϵûתָֻ㽫ѵסŲֻתϷ򿴿һǼ

شһɺ̡
Ԫ涾㳤Ҳһ
ۿⶾ˳ŵ˹ֻٴβȽɿ
һԾ֮䣬ȫҪһƬռһȫȷҹȻֻҪĿռٵͱȻĶܲ
ٲ֣Ҿ군ˣһƬռȻһСŮӵڽС
ģһжҵļ֮Сҹһߴ
㳤ٴһһγƫԿռеĲҹһСŮҲ˵ոŰҹɱģֻһСŮѣҹ档
İһƬռˣҲֻǻٵһСŮȴҹ޹ء
㳤˲ס˹ƣҹ˵ĵطȥһѾã֮䣬Ȼǵأ޿赲
顭
ȻⲢûоҹʧͬʱıһƣһƮƮûʲô㳤ȴһ
ҹٿ֮䣬ԶĳĽļ϶һСߣȻո˵ľСˡ
ҪǴȫҪˣСЩҵ˿϶㻹Ҫأ
ôܣϾԺҪΪħޣôҲӦñҸŶԡҹ
ϻףΪǶûõʵһǿ֮ⶫòûбһˣСҲп˵ǿǱħһѪҪܿģټ屾Ѿ̬òҪҪˣǿҲûʲôֵˡ
ԭˣҵƻǺǿģǸͷ潻֣Ҳмʤ㡣ҹ˵
Ǿδˣһɱ㣬ҪӮҲѣܶɹ׽ٵˣѾɵʵһ½ܵɽͱɱˣϧûˣɱҲװʱԳڣɽ磬ҲûޡСЩź˵Ҫܰɱ˸öðôǿһ̾ͷˡ
ʧδؾǺ£˵ʲôصΣǰ߱ȽϺáҹתͷ㳤ϣ㻹׼𣿡
㴦ĻǣҪߣҲҪɱңһʼĿͺȷֻǰɽĽȥ㳤϶ҹС½ô꣬Ψһһ޷ˡ
ļȷǿҪһǿˣһʼһķȥ㣬ע˴󡣡ҹɵ
㳤ϣΪλɱСӣЩɻ
ҪԽ
λǿΪҵν࣬ҹ˵ʱȤǵ㳤޷ǹͬսˣλһպôԸҰɡ
˶ǲµʲôͬʱ
ҹƿΪĽƣ޷һ̱㳤Ȼ֪ʮƽΪļ֮У޽ģڵĴֶֻܿˡ
һ仰ȻǶ˵ǰΣһվΪųϣûΪŽĻһΣѵľ棬Ҳʮֲ롣
ޱɱ֮գ跨ҹͰɡ˼֮㳤ĵشȥ
⵱Ȼֻǵ壬ɽȥܡ
ʵǰţԶɽٵʵȴ޷ҹô֮ǰΪģֻҪۼ龳Ϳ԰ҹ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
˵ǰ㳤ϻ̫ҹΪо֮ʱĻ㳤ѾȫĹˣ˵˵ȷ˫ȴȫˣΪԷʵҲͬǿޱȡ
ӲԵ棬ȲܹɽٵȴȻֶΣʹԼûа취ȫֻܱ
ڱ˵ǹƣ㳤˵Ҳ֮һã˶Է֮УʵҲ֮ҹһС
һžʵоˣоǵĶ֣նɱҹϣá
˵ԼžԵĽ޷飬ʣЩܱøá
ԼôȥǱ㲻ҵˡ
ҹϷɽ֮е㣬ɽĻ㳤˵仰΢΢һ٣建Ϸڶ
統֮ʱһ޾ĸ߿ջȥ֮ûг֣Ȼʧڳ֮С
˵ǵ̣ѾûˣҹЩˣ֪λҪô֮飿
ɫһã㳤һλȻ֪ҹöԸԲŻʾԼЩˣҪԷӲƴһʲôýڻԻ͵
ĪҪͽ𣿡ԽҲЦţɱҶӵʱ򣬱Ӧ뵽޴½û֮صġ
ͽ⣿˵𣿡ҹЦţЩڣʹҲòԼһ͵ɽ֮УѾҪ뿪޴½ƫƫҪƵҸΪУ˵ҲɽˣһӸǺͽ𣿡
ҪôһݣȷҪôôģһлҪҹӦӦ
̬ҹϺͽ⣬Ҳֻܴųһսˡ
ҪҹͻȻһԾȻСһʧˡ


838 
ãҹҪˡͻȻ䷴Ӧø鳤Ϲ
һƬ֮ûҹӰӡ
ҹȻƻҲֻһƬ̾ˡ
˵ոѾǿ֮ĩ𣿡ԽԴҲЩɣֻǲȷѡ
㳤ϵļ֮³סҪ㳤ʵķӡƣǶҹ˵Ҳ϶Ǻѵ飬һУѾԽˣҾţһĶûУֺοðټգЩѺӶɽ֮Уɼ㳤֮û̫գΪ˰ȫŻ˰ţһʼʱǻûҵԸ㳤ϵİ취һжڶս֮Уҵһٽɽ֮УˣҲ϶ļ󣬡̾˿㳤Ҳû㵽һ㣬һʼǹĻɱһЩڣֻ鷳ˡ
ĪΪҹһ˾Ϳ԰ڸ𣿡ԽЦ
Ŀأ֪ԷţҹԷʲôֶζõóˣֻܳʱɱ˵ĺˡ
ҹɽضػߣһСӣΪ޴½𣿡Խһ˦ˡ
û㳤ϵ֮ʶ֮ûзҹǾˣɲһͨ
Ľ˵ԽӿԼʵ
ҹΣһʵǿЩСӶѣս͵ϮĻҪøЩ龳׼
ɽпɲֹһ龳㳤Ҳδܼϣ˵ŻлɽǸǾ޴һ龳˵Ҫǿ
˵ҹЩɽĵӻϮɱԽȴ̫š
ȻһֱڰҹħŵӺħͷȥƣʵһﲢûôݶνһɱһǲҹһвѣԽɱô޹ĵӡ
֮ȻẦʲôҡڵشһڳϻɽˡ
һ˼Ҳ뵽һڣȴȫϣ档
ҹȷûɱ֤һǰһҪ֪ȺˣȵöԷˣ͵ɽ֮С
ǶɱģǶɱĵˣҹĵ䣬ɽԣЩһʱţǻ뾡һа취֮ٵ
ǰ˸ҹԹЩʦ˳Իһ£ҹҲŲٵ׸ʹöԷ׵رΪ˰Э
һȴͬˣҹߵ˳˺֮⣬ȫ͵Ȼҹĺ£ò˵ЩһߣҹҲͬΣյҲû˿Գ
֮ϣҲûٸ˵飬Ի֮Ĺϵ⼸ǱȻҪһսϴˢĳޡ
˵ҹڵʵЩɲ⣬ɽڣҹϡ
ڵڳҲصɽš
屾ΪһսȺܾãһȥȥһ¡¹ȥҹʧһ㣬ֱһȥȻû˿ĶҹǲѾһˡ
һʢῪʼڵصɽС
ɽƺͰҹԺµٸҲѡ˳ȻǸһȽϲĶӡ
弰ڵλ龳ȫɽУεʢУûĸ
Խ֮׶ԷҹͻȻ֣䵥ķ龳ˡ
ҹʵ䵥ķ龳ɱҲὫˡ
ôãԽͲҹٳµķ龳ҲȻǰһڵδ˳ȻⲻһСĽ
ۣʢῴûʲôֻͬڸλЦ֮£ȴԶиԵĲġ
ԽΪԼĵӻӱɱʱ̻ҹвʧȥԼŮʱδԮҹԴõȻû˵ʲôǴһ˸ս͵Ȱû˿Ҫ˼ҲԿõҲǴǸŮˡ
ԴҲΣΪһ֮޷һΪһö񣬱֮ĵӣһͽܼ̳²
ʧȥʦĽ壬Ľȼ׼ķ龳ǿߣȻϲû˵ʲôԴһ£ȻҲĻ١
ΨһȽϻǳ죬ȻҲʧȥһĵӣһ龳ĳϣȴһֱδ¹κˣµӣԴΪ䣬в֮¡
λ֮Уλ̫ϲⳡʢȻҲϲȥʢĶ䳡ϣȴһСʮ˷ܡ
Ѿʤĵʮ峡Ҹǽֵˣȫǲо綾Ȼû̾Υ˹涨˭óжֻⱲҲͻˣܾεùΪҲḶ֮һ档
嶾ţ治һеɣֶΣѾ˼ˡ
һ嶾ŵĶӡ
ǰһһ˵ֵˣûһġ
ܰɣ˵ɱ𣿡
вɱ֣ڳû̧ȥˣȴˣЩ嶾ŵˣֱ޴Ŀӣ³ֶûй˼ɡ
̨ûж˶۷׷ף̧ȥͻֶΣʹûа취˵ʲô
ǰ˻ƣڿҲȥƵģԽ嶾ŵ˸ˡ
嶾ŵˣҪôСĽҪôֱӾȨˣⳡʢĵ֮⣬ͿҪΪ嶾ŵĶˡ
վڳУųȥϸǷż΢Ц
Ȼ֪ܶ˶ʹǣʵʵڵɺˣĸǱĽͼʺ޵ġ
նԭйԴ嶾ſʼ֮Լֻӡ
ǶӣһԶΪֶΣԶΪֵˡ
ǰǸֵ÷зҹȣȶԷӴΪһǿ嶾Ҳһǿǿҫķѡ
޴½ѾܾãҲֻһ̻ᣬ̻ƺֻڷչҵڿһţû̫Ȥ嶾ŵĻᣡ
ǰǶ˵Ҫǵ֮ˣҪԺ˵ʱֻ֪嶾ţ
վڳţڵԼĶԼ˳Ϊ֪ԼһĿ˭ǸԲսˡ
УȻ˲һҲû䣬ǻ̧δʵĺᵶһơ


839 һѵ
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ӵ鷢ǰҲȷǴ󵨣Ū˶֣Ҳܲʶ˾޴Ķӡ
ȻʶԼǾ͸һЩʶĴ۰ɡ
룡΢ЦŹ֣ͬʱһƵɫϢҹ뵶ȥ
Ǹ˺ûвֳֻźᵶһеĶ߲ͬȻûʩչͨһͨ˴ŵҪߵǰ
ӸӾúЦˣŶԷĲӣĬŶԷڵڼʱȥ
Դ˵ΪֻҪ岽Է޷ӣӰҡͷһҪֶԶԷоΣһӣǻᵱͱˡ
嶾ҪΪţǾҪʢĹ򣬶ȥеΪС
һ
岽ʱѾ׼ҪȥȶԷʱȴסˣΪԷûе£߹
߰˾ʮ
ûб죬ҲûбǰɵһʱȴԵޱȼᶨ
һʱ֪ʲôûԼӰˣⲢֱӾͰ壬ȻΪ˶ֲסԼĶڳɽʱѾԤֻû뵽ôöѡ
׼ʹԼͨϸĶʱȴȻԼˡ
嶾ţǣ˲мЦţҲҪǵĴˣǰ಻סԼΪһĶڣʧɡ
ᵶʣڵĵ˴˵һ˵ı
ȻӵʶҲֻܵΪֹ䣬Ҳŵˤ˵ϡ
ɱ
һ𶯣˭֪޴½ɱ˲ʲôϡ£˭Ҳʢɱˣǹأ˭ƻ˹أ˭ͻܵһµسͷ
ոտҹҲˣʮؿһǹɱˣƽΣͷ֮ʧֵġ
˭ɱҵĶӣһͷǱըһķ龳˳ŭų̨ϵȥ
嶾ŵúᵶʵ
ҾԲãһļ˺һЩֻһɱǣ龳۾Ҫҹ˺һұ㽫ȫƳɶܡ
ҽҹźᵶ赭д˵óʱûг֪ûʶҡ
ܺãҲС龳ͻȻһ٣۾гһߣʲôҹ
˵ҹ̤ǰһƣֱߵ˶ĸǰ嶾ڼǰɱˣҲһӳʥŮĶӵʦֶϧʱûʱȥʱ䣬ոպá
ҹ㾹ȻɱˣЩţɽ֣
㲻ԼĻ̫Ҹ㲻죬ɡҹеĺڵն
Ǳͨĺᵶȴ˿Ҵ⣬һ֮͵˱Ŀռͬʱ˦һŶ
ȻЩû谭ҹĵ棬ᵶûаͣȻŶնȥ͸գһظŶ졣
ԷӵܻᷢԼ󣬾ôԶظš
ಡ
ִӶ˳Ҳ֪ʲôſһף̱һ죬е嶾ŵӶܵ˾һ㣬ųȥ
ҹֻͣǾЩӶݵˡ
ȻһƺףԷողҪɱΪΣͷټǲɢеĵӣһа취֪ĸ嶾ŵˡ
ʢ֮еҲǷɢģôɢУ嶾ûʲôرķδԺȥ˭嶾ŵģȴȫعˡ
ҪʲôЩˣΪѾµһЩ
ȻҲ֪嶾ûкˣû̫ʱ䣬ܱǸǱˡҹڵն
Ҫȥʱ֣Ͷˣһ̴࣬ʶѸٵɢˡ
֮ǰЩĴɢĵǣһǱʩ˶һȻһƺʴܿͱ˷ɻƮɢˡ
ҹˣ
ʵϳɱɱе嶾ŵʱȴûһ˵
ʱٺʱķ龳ѾΧ£
λҹЩ˴к
ҹʲô˼ʢ֮ɱˣҪΪ𣿡üͷ
嶾񼫣֮ħſֲݶǧٱҿˣȻҪţҹһ£˵ΪУҲ£ֻҪΪеģҽ춼һһ˽ᣬҪʲôֻܿλѡˡ
ʢɱˣ޴½Ĺأϴʧ˵Ӻͳϣҹ̲ܽϣܹ㣬ʢĹأĳͲòһˡ˵
޴½ĹأҹЦˣֻǿ߲¹أؿ϶Ҳǵǿµģʲô˻ȥأҽɱ˵ģ˭Ĺأ޹أ˭Ҫ֣Ǿ;ɡ
ҹҪȫΪУʵ
ҵȲҪսҲҪƵǲò𣿡ҲΪѡ
λҪᣬֻһĿģɱΪеˣҹȻڳϵҲΧɱƮ飬δұ㲻ڼƽϣںɽһһھͽɢɣҿԲɱǡ
СҪ񣡡ԽúӶҪ
ɽĵؽ֮УȻԲѵ˵ҪɽɢΪǶ
ڿҲǴȫ龳ģǰٶ̫Цڿȴó
λҪ˳֪˲ȥģҲκνң
ҹȻ㲻ΪУʢᣬЩϢϢأڶϲ֡б̬
Ǹԥһ˵ĳҲڽս
ǿҲˡҹȥ
ɫƽȴȻվһϴ˼ֿЦǴ˽ᣬֺοΪɳɱ
ֻҪ޴½һѵҹЦǿ󣬱׷ף˭ҲǾȡ˱Ҫǿ󣬱һɳ˽ڣҲΪ֮ɡ
ɽ֮УȻԽٿش
ת˲֮䣬ؾǱһռ㣬޾ɱ
ڷ龳ǿֶҹΧм䡣


840 
ҹ޴½˵˲֪˲Ǻʧˣɻ˶Ϊ˲޴½ĵһ֣ǧˣֻһ˿Խķƣʹ̻ỹŵĸ֣Ѹٵطı䡣
˵ܸڵĵͬʱгܳɹɱԼҵˣҲֻҹôһ
Ȼ˶ҹԺĴ˵ͻԽԽ񻰣˴˵ҹڸڴսʱͻȻ֮ɵշˣԲŻʧ紫˵ҹѾɱ
˵ڸּ磬˭Ҳ粻˭ΪϾû˭ۿһս
ڳֻŵķ龳ǿߣֻǿ¶ѡ
ҹȻǰμʢˣ޲оԼһֵˣʲôҲòǿҹվƣƺǵõĳֱӣӴΪһ˳һ㡣
ǳԾǣϴδ˵Ǹںɽڵķ龳սɣڣȻҪеǿ߽ս
ȻǸں貨ڵǿ߲ûһȫǼλǿҲǵڶһŵսǿߣ͸һսͷҲ֪ⲻһ
ԵֲҹһеݴʣΪŵģȴѾˣΪǿˣ˵иӰԵӿֲսһ㣬ǧٿǧй顣
ҹ𣿡
Ϊҹ˭ֹ𣿡
Ϊʲô񣬱һͻҪǿ߾ѹҹΪͰ
˶ڿţⳡиܵޱߵѹǳȥѹ֮⣬Ǿ˷ܵˣʱּܿս
λλҪ֣ǱóȫԽ͵ȥ
˼ǵ͵ҹ֮ĹϵȫȻãҪǴвʲô˽Ƿ׸ҹʲôյڵ˳֡
ɽ֮Уٿģ㳤ϵŲʲôټڵǿ߾治ܰҹ£Ҳ̫һЩ
˶һۣ¶˾ģģǼȻ֣Ȼ⻵顣
δػᾡȫϾҹǵӡ󲻴еÿ˶ڻõҹĺôҲͬȥػҹ
һ飬ԲػһξܽģҹǴӮڶεΣҲΪҹĻ
һֻܿĽΣѹҹĻԳһ
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ڴ˻֮ϣԷܶһǱһֻᡣ
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龳ɽʯ㹻ѹУԶ޷
ͬʱڵλ龳Ҳ׷׳֣ٴӵصҹĽף塣
ҹǰҲԹλУʱҲֻԵعһ֣˴˶ûóʵ
˵ҹʵ¶ûһЩϾķ龳ҹʱһ񾳶ѣȻͨĻ񾳣Ѿ˷龳ĳ̶ȣķ龳ġ
һȴͬˣԵĶķ龳Ҹ޲ð̻ˣ֮ͨϵĲȻͺˡ
˵һγֵģɲֻǼλѣڶķ龳һ֣Ҳһ龳ܱȵġ
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ɽһ֮ķ龳ȫֵĽ
ҹȻһƳ־ѹµľɽֹ̾סƣȱ˿Уƾλ龳δݶɽǵƿһ޷ѹ֡
ʱֻǼڶ֣֮٣գ֮Ͱҹһӡ
ϴεʱҹҲ֪õʲôͨȻ֮˼һһܵ棬ҲͣŲϴεľ֮ȻҲǰˣγֶʮСģҹѡ
ˣ֮󣬵شָŴӵ˳ҹ̧·Ҳ޷ˡ
ͰҹסˣҸһ㺮һŻ棬ǰҹ˾֮Ум䣬һ޼᲻ݵ񽣡
͵ȻӦҪ֣Ҳһ֣ʱ˵ϣȴǡǡҪҹɱС
ںɽǿߣþʵҲֻǰҹǣסѣ˵ĳ֣ȴǡǡǰҹˡ
ڵĵˣ˿̶һҲ׷׼ԼǿɱУ׼һɱҹҲûѵĻᡣ
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ҹûǶᱻɱû˭ỳɡ
仰˵֮бɱҲһĪҫΪû˭֮ܶķ龳ջɱˣ˭ߵһѾ˵˵ŵ޴½۷ˮƽˡ
Ȼеϧû˭Ϊҹͷǰ󼸺еĸ֣ڳҪ֣ҲʸС
һΪǽˡڴҶΪʱҹ˳ûжôţ治˼ǻʧˡ
ҿʼΪֻƣΪʵڿҹʲôת
ʱֻɫ̧һֻֻȻɫţǾʱȴ˿óЩһھ֮¶ѿ
һڵҹ߳ʹõİҹѵϴһӭ˵ͷһ
ȻϴεĽһҹƲˣһǰƣȻǱ񽣴նƬ
ҹûͣ¹ƣն֮̾ųȥ
ٴһãϹҫһһ֮С
˵Ŀɿڴ֮Уҹžʯݺ˳ȥɽʯҲȻɽڳǰʯмǵϡ
ȻֻϵץȥЩǲϵһ㣬˿ֻ˼£ѾȫŪ˳һöˡ
ϾҲˡҹؿǰЩˣûȥ˭Ҳûȥм˭ΪѾȫǱӡ
о仰˵ģҲǱĸλǱÿһλ


841 ͥŲ
ĸλϷⲻÿ˵ҲǣǶǸ߸ϵˣھһ𣬱һ˸ˣǴǰҹϵȡ͵ˣҲ²
Ѿ˽ܽˣһҪ޴½õҵϿɣȻҪ㹻ŲС
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ÿ˵ʵǺ޲ģҪﵽõЧ϶ҪгڶεϲС
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޷ﵽħǿԸȻ㹻ˡԽ˵
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˵ɫÿΪˣŶΣա
ҲںɽûµģһΧɱҹҹӣ²꣬ʱҲһˣ˵Ŷдѡ
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ɽɽҪãؽҲǻѡ
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ķ޴ǹıףӾǵһ㡣
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һɣһʯȥûĹҲǣ⻯ɳﵽЧҪֻޱȵĹâɱЩѾѽ˸ˣͲñֶΡ


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ôɳؽϾСɻЦҪǰˣʱ߳ħͷɲء
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ǰʲô˫žǻŹӵֻ̣̣Ҫ̤ȥζؼܵٶ֮죬ǷҲˡ

ҹܵÿ죬ͻȻоһɾƿնܵԱһͼһӰԼײ˹
ܣҹһȻһͷܡ
ܵΣֵǣǾȻ֮ǰһͷ˵ķܣҲǱɾʿ׷һͷ
ҹһ·ǿ񱼶Լߵ·߾ģûת䣬ôָͷˣ
һ·ߣǻǳ⣬ڲ·⣬ΪƾԼĸоߵģνʯʯûаתۣҲܳתȦ
ܵٶҲܿ죬֮ʱ˾磬һһ㣬Ǹͨ˵Ļֻһɾˡ
ȻɽӦûͨˣˣҹҲһҴ⣬ΪѸݵķܾȻڿһѾλãھȻһγԵС


845 µΣ
ҹҲû뵽ôͷĶȻôҲǣôôܷɵôأ
Ҳûбİ취ֻлӭȥ
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һ¿ǽʵʵײûаӰӣȴһȷ
Ȼǲִ֮£ҹͬԼģӴ֮ҹȴֳһͷ˵ķܣȻײˡ
ҹǳ˿ͷһײͨ˱ͷײûʲô𣬻ĹͷҪɢһ
Ŀͻָܱͨȵģֻڿлûصʱ򣬾ѾϢˡ
ɷܱûҪѲ֪ҹûصʱ򣬾Ѿٴηڶεĳ
ʵģԷײȥǵҪûɡ
ҹЦһΣ˸Ӳӣٶȿ죬ʻͷܣһܾͿͷȴǻʵġ
ҹǿǿϾǱҲܸǿͷ˵ҹһ𣬶һͷܸ
̫СĿҹЦСڣ㻹æ
аͷɾ۷ķܣҵĶԷͲںʵжȥǸԷӲ𣿡СƵ˵ҹͰھ֧㣡
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ֲɺڵˣҲֻ÷ˣûܰɱˣⶫ̫ˡ
һ׵ವһ·˷ܣȥҹҪһ׵磬ٴػܸոյ˴
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һҪת𣿡ҹĴҴڵķܣҲЩˡ
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ҹҹ˵СѾ˯ˣû˯ţʱҲǲ¶ģһֻܿԼˡ
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Ҳһ£ͷܾ۵һ𣬿ܰҹɱˡ
ҹһڹ̳ĿǷܵʺ


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Ȼոץ˰ҹȷʵиźݺ۾档
ŭУɿ˰ҹһƳҹĹΪ۾ƺƶĵЩ׼ȷҹ׾˹ȥ
ڵƵʱ򣬷һμ٣һײҹϡ
ȥҹţⶫʵ̫ˣײϾͺһ޴ʯײƵġ
˿˫ֶЩǸոոܶԻĺԷľ֮ϣû÷ʱ򣬿ɾҲܸԿˡ
ܿҹٴαشƺ˸ոճԵĿһҹҪӲҪҹԵҪöֳָܵĿֲ
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ҹҲһͷ׵ĵֿʵЩ̫ǿһЩ޴½ǿģ׵֮ҲǾͳԶЩ˰
ղͷܵʱ׵֮˵ģΪڰ֮˵˷ܵԭ׵֮ٽƻڲܾ͸һЩ
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һһܾšZ֣һһ󣬷׷š
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ʱҹ÷ץסĻԷ̵ܻܿһøֿĥҹΪֹ
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ҹָҲܿ죬Ȼûеȫʢ״̬ҹȴȥͷʲôܣֱӾͰѹˡ
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ǿùīɫ൱ͷ׷ģȻҲǸùС
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ְ˹ȥתҪˡ
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СӣûɱͷܣĴ﷨óǿ԰ߣûеĻҪЩˡ


847 һ
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ҹɲ̫ԼΪһʼɽ絽ڣûһκˣһһԷİ֣ҹɾͲˡ
뾡һа취֣֪򲻹ȴһֱ뷽跨ͻķÿ˶޲һ֮°ҹն촷ۡ

һƬĵײ֮ٽ֮ͻȻһͣ
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˹ǽҹΪҪԼú̸̸ˣͼ΢΢һһɫĹâ۳ֻ޴ƣ͵Ƴҹץȥ
ֻֿȥǰһ㣬ûκ覴ãҲ޼᲻һ㣬ûκζܹ赲
ҹ֮£ȴ޷ƵסҹҲüͷΣ֮£Ȼ۾ϣĬһ˲֮еĺڵһξһԵѸٶֻƻȥ
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ҹ۾ʱһ˿ı飬ҹٿ˳ȥ
⵶մ̿һڵ㣬ҹ׷֮ľ룬ûʱѾˡ
Ѹٵὣһ㣬뽣һײһ˺ľȻǰۡ
һײ֮󣬺ڵһɢˣҹУ³һҹ
ɽɽķ򣬲Щ򣬾ӤޱȵرһҹȻ˵ȻٴԷȭлָ㡣
ʸҵ̴ˡ׷ӵ˵
̴ӣҹľˣԷýɱҪȡ
㲻Ը⣿׷ƺҲ֡
ⷬӱ˵˵ǿ϶ǴİڶԷ˵ʱȴȻһ
ܳΪ̴ӣҲһҫҹõ٣͸̹лûǾЩ
Ǻǣ˵ˣҲκ˵̴ӣȤĻǿѡҹ
ûѡ׷ӵϵ˶ѣҹڡ
ҹ̯̯֣ǺðɣǺڡ
Ҫߣ׷ʡ
ʣҲιޣҹһץ˵Ĵ﷨ץ˹һָӸ˰׷ӣɱˣ㣬ңûɣ
׷ӽסָ֮󣬵һۣҲû˵ʲô
ҹ˲ϲ˵Ҳûٶ˵ʲôתҪˡ
û뵽ʱ򣬰׷ͻȻһԾ缲ȥǽǴŸķâҹȥ
һûдκεƣûɱƿ֮ûг֣׷һӰҹı󣬶þȥ
Ȼ⿴ȥǽսʵϷ֮תղŵһʽҪ̡
ûз֮ƿôûз֮ͨô᲻ķӿ
ǰ׷ˣҪ͵Ϯ£͵Ϯ֮£вɱˡ


849 Һ
׷ӵûκα飬ȥȲ⣬ҲûɱϢҹıͼһƹǷǹǡƽǽİɫҹĺС
ʮɡɡһɡ
Ǽ׶һıҹߵʱͻȻ֮䶨ˡ
ǰ׷ͣǷؽȥҹҲٵƶ
ôض׷ں󣬺۵ҹǰм䣬һƽǽİɫֻ̣Ƕҹľ룬Զڲߵĵط
˵ٶȶһģһģҹѲ˺İ׷ӣ׷Ҳ޷״̴ҹ
һһˣȥĬָ졣
ڣڰʱ֮ͬʱ֮ͣľ룬ʱڲߣƺһûб仯
ܲԵĻǿԺ׷˵ˡ
ҹεЦЦ̴ʲôģûа취ܣ˵ǺĻǾûʲôԵˡ
Ŷô˵˵ҹʵ
洦Σÿһˣÿһͷ޶ܻǵˣ˱˵ӿ£ûһʵĻ飬ܾܿͻո˾Ϊͬһطˡ׷ӽ˵
˵ЩʱԵòô䵭ҹóʵǺܷģϾҲôϤֻǿ˵ĮҲҲʵĻˣԲŻԼ
Ķʲôˣҹʵ
ΪˣҲЩǱˣǴǷģúܲңΪǾ߳ȥҲᱻɱһЩֻɱޣԼΪ׷ӵ˵ţΪķʽܻкܶ࣬Ϊ˿ɱΪҲɱÿһ˶˵Ƕ֣ΪܴȥкܴĽֽ˵ĳ̶ȣ㹻ͬŵҲɱ
Ŷ˵ոһطǵһʤߵĻҲụɱԷҹʵ
кܴġ׷Ӳûаѻ˵ǽҲѾпˡ
̶ܴǿ֪ȫʶˣǻɱʲôӡ
Ϊʲôң㲻Ϊ˵õֽҲ㶯𣿡ҹЩɻ
Ա˲ʮΣб˶ҲʮεģΪʲôô󵨵ؾԼ
֮ǰʱ˵ʲôԼ̴š
Ϊ㲻ǽˣ׷ӵ΢΢һ£ҹ֪㲻һЦ⣬ܾܿģΪ˪ˣı鶯һʵ̫ˣǸոմ½ɱˣҲõκνֻᱻɽͨ
ô֪ҹûΪûıҪ
֮ǰ˿ԼĴ﷨ϳԼһЩǿҪҹǸݡ
׷ӣòƲôϵؾ˾ԼжϷұִ﷨֮жϻҪӿһЩ
лɳصζ׷˵һҹȵ飬ɳر˻ٻˣǸӦþ㣬û˵ɳػԱƿǵһӳˣ
һ佱ҹӾȣô֪ɳرƻˣ
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ȥ
ҹﰵ̾һﵽ˲ˣԼӻɳӳȻѭζԼôԶĵطӿɱЩеҪˡ
ŶԷһͷ׷ҹҲûд˵ֻ࣬һܻ⣺ôҺ
ҿ԰ȥ֪Ǵ½ˣ֪ƻ˻ɳصˡ׷ӵ
ŶҪʲôҹʵ
ɱһҪɱǵˡ׷ӵ
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Ī˵ҹ֪·ôߣ֪׷ӵ˵ԼǸһ̫õʱ򣬺ɽһʱڣ˶ʲô
ϵˣֻҪԼˣܾܿͻԼˣҲܴΪɱһˣͶһֻõ
ǸЩûйϵģǣܸЩ˵Լģǽ˱Ҳδػš
˵ˣǽ͸ԷԷҲˣ᲻ԸҲ˵飬ϾǴӻɳܳģܽɳصģ϶ʲôö
ޡҹһڣϵȷˣǴ֮ˣôܽ뻯ɳأ
ӻɳӳģȻ׳ΪҵĹС
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һ˵ЩҵòҪڳȥҲһ׵飬϶ţһֱȥڶޣиˣҪһֱȫصȵܳȥʱ򣬺񲢲̫ʵ
ǰ׷ӣȻĮȴһſڿӵˣ˵һ㶼ǼΪŵģٸһϴЩܣӵ׶Ըöࡣ
ԼߵԵܲܳȥ취һᣬҲײҪǿ
Ȼ߰ɡ׷תߡ
ȥĶҹʵ
棬кܶΣգҲкܶĺö׷˵֪һطɽһܵõҺҲ֪Ҳɣ
Һҹ۾Ҳһģȷǳĺö
ļ֮УȻûйɽ飬ǴҺȴ֪ģⶫǴ˵дõҺ
ҹ֪ϢУҺֻһЩ۵ɽ֮У¾ɽǧ֮ãŻὥҺ֮ÿʮŻγȼΡ
ɴ˿ɼⶫԵõҺ˵ͿԱ˵֮Ϊ͵ǰ㡣
Ҫﵽ̶ֳҲ׵ģҪԭʾͲҹҲǼξܴﵽģ˵ҪҺ裬Ļɾ˭òˡ
ǲô˵ܵõֺöҹѾǼ͵ܻܿһͻƼޡ


850 滢
ҺǺöҹҲõ̾Ȥ
Ǻö㻹˵˵ʲôհɣҹʵ
Ǻ׾õģؾǶԷȱһ飬ҲھͿʼңҪȵõǶ֮󣬲Żҹġ
ɲһĶĵرġ
˵ǸҹŸոʶ֮ǰνͬţҲöԷ֪ĵر䡣
Ǹɽ棬һֻĻ滢һ˶ԸˣҪ׷ӵ
ܶԸ𣿡ҹһ֪ô£ػĵرģ϶ʡ͵ĵƣ޿϶Ҫˡ
Ӧÿһԡ׷Ӳʮֿ϶
ðɣҹ˶ԷĽֻǿһԣû̫İգ飬Ҳ̫֪ͲǸ滢ȥܿǸһȺˣǾ˵һ£жٵĴҺ֪𣿡
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Ǿͺ˵ˣȷǿһԣɹ֮󣬴Һô䣿㲻ǴҸ׹ɣҹЦʵ
ȻᣬʲôǶƽ֡׷ӿûС
ãҹҲʹ˵ҽҹôƺ㣿
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Ҳðʮ־ȣܽ취ںһ𣬱һµķһ㣬ȷҪ츳ġ
ոֻǸҹԵ㲦һ£Է̾ɽ編ĳЩҿԷУ֪Ǹࡣ
Ҳһ൱԰ˣԼ˿ҹ
һһףӰӶǰƮУ˿ķǵӡ
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ҹ˼˵ˡ
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ոɽ編ҹ˿Ҳڽķʩչһ£ܵõҺǶķ򣬸ĪİֱΪķ׼İ
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СһСڣЩϰԣ˽ģڲˣֻп滢˽١
ȥڶǲĶֻ֣аϿ֮⣬˻ǻЩʤ㡣
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ҹ΢΢üĵŶԷĶƺһַ򣬵õⷽǲ̫óҲȥˡ
ΨһȽǣֶĵֿһ֮󣬷Ӧûģŷ
Դɽ֮ԼҲСĽ޴½ʱҲǳԿԵ̫࣬Żӡ
Ϊ֮ⷬͷ滢ͻԼɺҹŷ֣ӣΪ֮󣬾ȻԼ߽Ͽȡ
ܿʧҹǰҲ֪ȥ
𡭡
ͻȻ֮һϿ棬Ǵҹ
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ҹЦһҹϴ׵簵âһ̤׼˶Է㣬ͻȻһ̹ȥ
һƼ򵥣ȴһѧУ׵編ڰԷΪںһ
˵ǰֻǵһַԼһµķ
ȻⲢǲںϣһµĴ죬ֻҪҹ룬Ȼֻһ׵Ǻڰⶼǲġ
ں֮Ҳں֮ĺôͬʱӵ˺ڰ׵ԣʴ֮ǿƻҲǿ
֮ǰķܣ׵֮³޷ƿԷķΪԷӵжһĿԣǶںڰʴȴûôǿ
ҹںϷһ°빦Чַںһ𣬿ɲֻһһڶô򵥣Щ֮ϣǳʼʽ
ۡ
滢ûʩչĻ棬ҹ̵ĹУһĶƵһ˳ش̽˻滢ʺ΢΢һ˦Ǿ޴Ѿˤ˳ȥڹҹһνһϣ滢Ҳ˳
һ̳ǣνһǳɣмûаͣ٣ҹҲԼⷨȽˡ
ֵǣ滢ƺûа˵ôֻʵĻͲæҪ֪ĿǴҺΪ˴ҺŸոֻ滢ɱһͷñ˰æġ
𡭡
һŭ𴫳ҹףԭĲոյӦֻһͷڵĻ滢ĴͷͷҪúܶܶࡣ
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ܿʹϿ˳ȻǸž޴Ļ滢ȻһĸͷոҹɱһͷҪһֹҪͷĸܶˡ
֮Ҳ΢΢ȣոɽʱ򣬻ûôôһ򣬾ô
ٿҹʱ򣬶ʱеԭ򣬿Сոմ½ˡ
֣ҹµ൱һŻ滢Ȼһѡ
Ҳûгɣ̽иζƿӸҹ
ոǴƿӽȥģǻ滢ܻܿѭϢ
ҹ룬ⶫҪӵĳ˵ϣǿݺĹá
滢ٴŭһ˹ʱͻȻˣǻ滢ֻܳҹ˹Ȼϵ·һϢȴǸոǸһģһģŭȻͷˡ


851 Գ

һųҵĻ³ҹµֻ֮̾Ѹٵš
ҹû˶ȣһܼ򵥵ĵǻվǲܰȫɢ
֮ǰǻĻЧƵɽĹ֮ҲôƵˡ
ֻЩ֮һ֮̾ȫΧ£֮Уǻ滢Ļ涼Щܵơ
ҹû뵽ģΧ֮ڣԼĿģĶֵս֮ǰڶϷܵʱ֮ǾҪöԸöˡ
һţҹȷԼѡķǶԵģҹһǸոһ㣬Ż滢ȥ
滢ҲôɱģҲͲˡ
ҹոմ̳ĺڰ׵绹ûбһŻѾ֮εס
Ѿǻ棬һƬˣֱ֮ǲľʯͷҪɻҵĸо
ѣҹҲֻܺˣ֮У˻൱ġ
˭֪滢Ҳ֪ţĻ˲ϵŷΧܿټķΧҲ
ȻҹҲԿӿӵٶȣûô֮Ȼû谭ԷߣȴЧǣ˶ԷʵҲǶԵ˵һǣƣҹ˵Ч
ɢ֮󣬻滢񱩵ŭӴڿնٺݺݵҹĻצ֮£γһС̫һĻ淨Ȼȥ󣬵汻Ƕϣҹ϶ͽˡ
Ϊü죬ҹѾŵ˿ǻսϢȴһƬ¸֮Ǹոûеġ
ոյʱһֱԼ뷨򣬶Ǹļ֮ȥ뷨ںϣӿһЩҲղԵøƮ޶
滢ƺҲܽҹһڿУҲ֪Ҫʲôʱȥ
䡭
ڱķΧȴҹһȻҲըʮɵĽȴû˵ҹһһ
滢Щ꣬ٶҲղżӿ˺ܶ࣬ȴܱҹôһ㣬ҹ㵽һĸ򿿽ڶԷ֮ǰѾǸλá
ȥҹܣڶŻ滢һһϱݡ
񱩵ȻϿ֮ըһƬǽ壬ÿһζǲôһ㡣
滢ûа취ɱҹҲֻ֤ҹܵÿ죬ܵɣҪҹȥɱ˻滢Ҳһûʵ
ոҲһУǱԷ׵ػˣûкʵʱҹҪһԷˣǲ̫ܵġ
䡭
ҹڲϵںԼ֮ʱ滢ͻȻӿҷ֣п񱩵ѪҺ
ֻһͬʱеǸ״̴滢ı
𡭡
滢ŭˣʵǿȴǰصϷˣַŭǲġ
ŭͬʱһȦɫâⲻǻ棬ǿȥȴȻ滹ҪɱţһڷϢ
ˣ˽ޣ̾ͳѡ
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ҹȻҲ֪ʱʵͲѣ滢ڽʲôҲжԶܶԶˡ
Ϊģոһâ̫ˣҹ֪ôҪٳһľҪˡ
ȫʢʱڶǻ滢Ķ֣Էûжֶεʱ򣬻ǿ֧ţһ֮ⷨȫܶԿˡ
ҹףΪʲô˵ǿһԣڿʧˡ
ӳһٶʮֵʵҪӳ滢׷ɱʱͿϿȵһͷ˼ͷ滢
ȥ
ҹһȻû˵ɫҲ֪ҲǺ
һɽݶһһĸڿ仰ɽ粻ðǰһȺ滢ˣѵһѣ
Ǹɽ档̾һ
ûɣڽɽǲ𣿡ҹţɲȥ汻
һԷӡⶴһ£õҺǿٽһʱٳʰ滢١ѵ˵ô໰ǰ˵˸
ҹһǰ滢ǰǼֻҪһЩвڣҲԼһɱ滢һ㣬⼸ͷɱˣʱĻ滢Ǿһ·ûˡ
һݣȻܷӡһµķǾһܲͻƾ磡
ֻǵҹҲû̫İգϾǸոշҪٽһôҪһʱۣҲҪϤа
ɽдҺģһͷ˺ܶ࣬ѾķټһʱµķдҺǿ壬˵ͻһ粻̫ףǱǿһǿ϶ûġ
˵ٶһ죬Ӱɽȥ
Ǿʱ˾޴ıʣһӰӾȻǴɽ˳
ҹ˵ˣԭ滹һأǱ˽ӣܶûˡ
𡭡
Уҹˣֱײ˴Ӷڸײ˳
ҹЦʱ򣬷ֶԷҲһı顣
ʱ˶ȵط֣ײģĳһͷ滢һޡ
ԳҲֵ
ѵĸĻ滢һԳİҹĿɿڴɽ޻Ǻܿŵ
޿ܣһڶ϶϶ǳǸ滢սʱͷԳ͵͵ɽ
˵ƴƴҺһˣҹûѷθըˡ
ô¡Ҳ̾˿
˵벶ȸںǴ򻢣ںռ˱ˣôûˣ
ʱҲûʱ˴Ϊ˵ʱ򣬻һֱڿзš
˶һײʯ߶Ǻ壬ȻǶɽҲûʲôˡ
·Գɽ˳ûгͷ޴Ļ滢ƣŤͷͳϿһߣǼͷСһЩĻ滢ȥҪ·
ȻС滢ҲͷԳ͵˶֮̾ߣһԳȥ
Գ޴һӣ͵ͷ滢һɿȥͷֱӱȻǲܻˣͷҲڵϣһʱѲˡ


852 
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˵ͷԳû͵ߴҺɱĺӣַأҲǲܾô˵ġ
ŭ֮ɿԳȥ
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滢ưոݣӹһӰ㳯Գ׷ȥˡ
ҹ⵹һûᣬԳûаѴҺԹĻǻȥֵǶ
Ҳ൱Σյģ滢Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻǱ˶ڻ滢ʢŭ֮£û뿪Ŀˡ
Σҹʵ
ȥҲɫᶨ
˵뷨һ£ʯ̾㳯ɽȥˡ
ҹһ·Ű˵ıЩ죬ֻƾһ㣬ҵһŴҺĵط
ָǰԶһݵء
˶ٶȱȥʱ΢΢ţҪһ
ãǸԳ˵
ҹԷʹ޵ı飬֪̾϶ʲô¡
һԭ
ҺҪɣһḶ́һ֮󣬾ͿԳزҺȻ٣ϾǲϾġ
һжԴɵˣһҺڵأҲͳױˣٲµҺ
ոյͷԳȻҧгݵ顣
һ٣֮ǰдҺĵطҲ᳹ƻῪѡ
ȻٶȣѾʲôϣˣΪǵĿ֮ѵλã֮ǰ洢Һݵش
˵˸ǰʱֻһεξӨ͸ıɫҺſѵĿȥҪֹѾˡ
˵Ǳͱ˼һͷԳĻǷҪһ޴ʮ죬ٱɹʮ첻ɡ
һ˵ҲͳˣûԾȻⶫˣǱ
ϧˡҪ˵ʲôȴͻȻһͣס
Ŀɿڴؿҹ˵˳棬һ̽ȥһӰ㣬ȻһǰʧһڴҺ˻
úǾȣͨҲǡ
ҹһڴҺʱһƢȥ̲סһӾȥ
˼ⶫҲҪˡҹǸ˵
ѾԵ¸Է˼ҲҲİ
Ȼǳ鴤һ£ˡ
ڸоΣҺȥܲˡҲûա
ͷҹȡôһڣҲԼı£ȡ˿϶ſҺҲ˷ѵ
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˻ûߵڣҹͻȻоȫǻһ֮ǰĸоȫûˣȡ֮Ǿҵʹࡣ
Σʵ
ΰҹЦ߰ɡ
һ̰ЩԷ׷ǹʣΪԼ̰ģ˼Ҳˡ
һЩҩſԻһ´Һҩҿ԰һЩһЩҩƿ˹
ҹûп̫ˣԺٻ˼ңֻҪԺĻ߰ɣԼͿˡ
ģзȻ˵ҪҰûн߶µϰߡȻ˵
лҹɽһһ׵ˡ
²ģѾܲˣҪķԼȥס滢ûм˻ô
ؼԷһôҲûУҹѺôˣԷҪһеǲл滢ɱķա
˲ɵӣǾһǸԼĳŵص˱κζصˡ
һˣҹҪлԼˡ
û˵ʲôֻһŶȥ
ʲôҲﲻæЩҺҪҹԼ͵ȥˡ
ɽֻʣҹһˣڵһϮҹٵתս⻹ͷһΣսʱ򣬾Ȼоʹġ
ǰʱ򣬾ҹ¶ҩĶҲᱻյҹʹ඼оҪ˵ҩˡ
ɴ˿ɼҺжôˣԵҹûа취ȫǱ˳ôһڣֱӾͱˡ
ҲĺҹûҹҪǱô죿
ҹʱҲ˼ֻǲͣתսһڵɾ
оΪѾ쵽ＫµȻڷž޴ı仯ڵ⣬еʶϴһ飬ҾƤȫš
Ȼʮʹģҹƺܸоһɣ˵һô޴ĸı䡣
ȫ֮ϣﵽɾ۷ŻϷأ
ҹոɽ磬ҪԼʵεľ鶼ڸǲܼӿٶȣе鷳ͻࡣ
սѾת쵽ҹԾĵزƺǳ˹ѣһѪɫ·ѪҺҲҹûֹ֪ͣǴҺ̫࣬ı̫ԭ
ģӦÿγһ㣬ҪϺܶҩһͲʲôµĺ
һΰѱʮʮεԵˣаĵҩ»ҪֱȻǱҪ͵öࡣ
кܶʧһЩҲ̫ۡ

ҹͻȻ뵽ôôôɵǿ뵽еİ
תһ룬ǲ򲻵ѣҲֱӾͰ赣Ϊһ赣е
ǧĴҺǶɱĶͳһģҹɾҪˡ
뵽ֻҧţԼĸһ
սʵķԾһ㣬ͻȻ֮ҹðһ̵Ĺâһʮٵ˶̵Ĺâ
ҹӻֵúֻԼһͨ͸䣬Ѫܶյʮ
ʱҹͻȻһָоǾԼ޵ر仯˵һͨ˿Խ۱Ǽ޵ĻڿԽԼ۳ɼۣɽ·ʮӣǱͶҲ˿㡣
ۡ
ҹϵ·˻ҽһƬƬļϸ˲ţҹ֪ƤɲֻϸѣͬʱƤԣͨĵδն͸


853 ս滢
Ǳһһˣ
֮ǰҹڻɼ˵ʵԣȴЩˣȻһôǿȴҲ˶١
ϻһףоһ·ҪԼںϵһ𣬾ͺⱾƤһĸо
ȻҹĸоǣûһƤƤҲȻԳɾĵնܾ߱ġ
ȻҲͨ˭˲һ·ҲܽеĹҹΪ׵ֵЧҲӣʵ϶ҹ˵ȴһߣʤ޶ѡ
ҹԼƤͲһˣֻҪΪʵһ̾ͻӦ
ҹܱ޾幥ްǿ
ǰҹǿȴȱһЩԣҹĻָʮǿҲõޣԭôҪĹͷۿɾͲˡ
ΪĹͷҲ󲻵ĳ̶ȣһûӲˡ
ΨһҹȽƵǣƤЩ̫һЩһƤԭֽɫˣȡ֮ǱŮҪӰķɫʮ˿ա
Ҳֻһʱѣľ޴ôɲССܱȵģڴҺĺôֻǸոտʼԺٶȶǰҪӿ٣˳
ȻյòˣЩԵĺôȴǻһһعģ˾޴ʹĻرˡ
ִӿȡһ·ϣվȥ
ҺҲ֪˶ʱ䣬Ҫȥ滢ûУûлҲͲ˷һķΪá
ߵ棬ͿѾú˽磬ֻ֮ǰǵĻ滢
Ǽһúÿ찡ҹ˵
죿΢΢һ£ѾЦˣ춼Ҳ̫ɵ𣿡
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ʧһᲹ֡ҹǸȻ
һǼֵƵĶԷΪóȻҪر
ǿγȥɣû仰ָֻһ»滢ǴһҪȥֻ¶ԷԸ⡣
ȻԸ⣬滢ԳɱСģĴҺֱ˻ˣҪôǾˡ
ʧһȴʲôҲûеõ滢ͽɡҹ˵
ҲûзԣֻǵĮʵаգ
ٿסȻ뿪аɱҡҹ
˵ͷǰ˼£ȻһָǵĹâ̾Ϳʼʧ
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滢Ҳߵı仯̾;վǰзػûа취ֻ棬˳ȥںԷҪʧˣڵŵһʱͳ
ߣҹһʱ򣬰ѾƮ˳ȥ
滢ȻŹˣͷŰȥҵĳɫâۿҪаҹͻȻ֮ӶԷǰð˳
ҹɫ׵編ӿŹ֮ĩ׽һ㡣
ֲ󣬾ǻ滢Ҳһ£ֻһĹ򣬰Ѿӵˣǰֻʣҹһˡ
֮ǰǵɫâҲҹĺɫ׵絲£˲ʧˣһһš
𡭡
滢۾űŭϢȻոһˣǳ޿κ֮£Ҳֻʣµһеˡ
Ǹոյĺɫ׵磬Ҳһʱ䲢ûŻ淨
ĳɫâڻ滢Ƥë͸˳âԽԽѾѻ滢
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滢ûͣ£ֻĻҲҹٶȥ
ҹûзɵôԶֻѾĳʯͣסһȵվûˡ
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ײϵһ˲䣬ҹоԼȫĹͷط䵽ÿһͷ֮ϣҲܳܵʱ徹ȻԶط۹ȥù˴󲿷ֵĹ
޷ܵʱ򣬾ͻһηۡ
ҹŶػ嵯һ㣬壬Ҫþ޴ĳ˵̫ˡ
滢ǰǸˣΪһһػ֮£϶ѾǷϵˣھȻվǰˣ˶û˵һʵ̫ˡ
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ͷ滢϶˲ٵĴҺԲŻôǿ󣬵ǴҺǸʺʿԵĶҹõĺôȻ滢Ҫࡣ
ô˵滢ػô꣬Ϊҹһնɱ
Ȼ滢Ҫ׷ɱǺֱܻܿɱоԼɱ滢Ҳ̫ѵ顣
ϧ滢ҹ˵ЩԳɱͷС滢һͷģȴΪΪ׼ȷ˵ǰɱģôŹҹ
ϵĹâһγ˼֣ŭҲң̤ڵϣץŹ⻬ʯ棬ͻȻ֮ٴԾ
һֱܵӾÿһŤϴεҪӴһ
ҹ֪ԭ滢֮ǰͰʱõĻԶԶȫ
ʱȴţҹصȴǵҫ۹â١
ڻ滢ǰһ˲䣬ҹ嶸Ȼȥ۵úܳףͻȻ֮ʧһֻԭϥôˡ
ССļҲס滢ֻҪʱ˻ȥҹжఫǻᱻһڵϡ
ʱİҹݺݳ˻滢ıϡ


854 ޷ȥ
ҹһӣһȫúԤףسڻ滢ıϣֱͷ޳ÿط
ҹûʲôֻͨԼǿµͳ̶ȣ͸˻滢һĽѵ
ҹ˼Ҳԣ滢ȥǽս϶Ǻģ滢һᱻŰúܲңһЩڣǻ滢ҵģѾԷˡ
𡭡
滢ŭţҲżη壬ȻոһѾ˷ǳ֮ļɵޣЩͨҰޡ
仰˵ͨҰޣҲ֪Լʵ£ѡܺˣӲƴ
߰ɣȷΪ˴Һٵȴǣ׷ֻԳҲʣµһҺԵҲֻ˳ѷ˭òĵطһʲôòҵɵûõģֻø졣ҹȰοҲˣҺ͸ʺʿô࣬ȴûٶȸ죬㳤õذռⶫ˵һʲô£㱾츳ĳɳ
ǰѾ˵޶ǵģǲ࣬Ի滢ҹĻ֮󣬹Ȼ˼ţͺһֻ׻Хȥ
֣ǿˡҹתͷ˵
õ˲ٵĺôȵؿҹ
Ƕ˰ֵĻͽ滢Ķˡҹٴл
ȴҡҡͷ˵ĲЩҺȻҺҲ죬õĴҺ࣬˵ܴﵽ̶ֳȵǿȣȴĴﵽˣҸоûнҺҩȫӵ£Ժ󻹻иӳĺôѾǵҺҲر֮ʵڲܴﵽ˾ȵĳ̶ȡ
ҵȷǱһǿ󣬵Ҳ˵ţ֮󣬵ȷǸоڵǱڷӳط½Ӿԭɡҹ˵
ɽȷǾ˵һҪȵ½ʯˣЩʱ仯ҲɽĻ֮ʵõŻô˵ı仯˵
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ֻֻ֮Զŵ壬Ҳֻڵõ˻֮󣬲ſܷӳԼǱĿ˼֡
ҹЦЦ˵Ҿһ壿
͸֮ǰ˵Լ֮һһƮ˵ںЩֻҪø죬֮ˣ崫С
Ӧþˣ壬ڵõ֮󣬻ἤ޾ĽȻȳ˸ٱԭ벻ڶˡ
ǳ֮ѵ͵òһôҹʵ
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ɻ֮Ҳʵԭ򣬶ԭ򣬲һ㣬Ҳûȥ磬ҹˡ
Ȳ˵ЩҪȥҹʵ
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Ҳãҹ룬ǰ˵԰Ҵȣػڵ˷֣ӦûɣҹȷǺܵ⣬ɲ뱻˷ԼǴӻɳܳģʱǱ׷ܡ
ͷָֻ֮ǰϧϰˡ
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ûбģҹûа취ⴢ﷨֮С
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𣿡ҹҲΪˣϵķֹһǰҹǿ赣һһķ
СڵĻ˵ҹȻڿȴǱ޴½ǼҪӸ߼ǰҹҲǿԴŵģѵ˵ȰҹҪ
Ҫ˵ڣɴҲ˵򵥡
Ǹô죿ҹʵǳȥɾΣˡ
ʵǱǸ֣ҲΪˣΪҵıԿԴȥڿϵı˵ʵ̫һЩҲû취ˡ
ҽأҹһ
Ȼʶʱ䲻ȴǿεģԷҪ֮ǰҺʱ򣬶ԷͲػʱ䣬Ҫ˵ᷨʱҲõʱ
Ȼʱûж֣˵˻Ǻֵˡ
лֶҵΣһвͨǶһ£ȴջǾܾ
ŶΪʲôҹˡ
ָһǰڵķ򣺡ȵĳʱÿϵرᱻǼڲᣬʯŲͨķͨرᱻԶ¼ҵıҲһ˻ʱ϶رǻᱻսɵģѵԸ⽫Լرߣ
ҹһʵ̫˵⼸ǧҹǸĶô͸ˣ
ѵûбİ취ҹʵеرҪսɣЩգһջû˭Ըðôķû㹻棿
Ҳû棬ֻǲرʵҲΪֹɱˣȻ˵ĽͺܸߣҪôõģһкܶҪͶȡɣԼòӱ˵ģЧʸߣɱ˱˳̬֮䶼ǵӱɱˣҲˣǸŶͬ⣬˭õر䣬ĳŵӣ͹һţǣҲ鴦ãûһرġ


855 ֮
ҹֹҲǲɵʧЦҲǺܳĹأ˼˵ɱ˿ԣᱦУɽ˶࣬Ҳ࣬Ǳɱģ϶ʵģĶӻ֮š
ŵıͲܱ˶ߣΪܶ඼ŴеĶЩֻԼУԸ⽻ˣԾֻǴ񵽣ɱãҲֻѡ񽻸á
ҲƽʵĿûıﱾͲʲôرֻҪóȥ϶˵ǲǵģûĶǰͲöһرء
Ȼˣǰ־Լ߰ɣЩ취ҹ룬Ҳȷû취ȥˡ
Ƚ֮ⷨУĹҶʮԼû˻Щ֮ˣΪǴˣԼҲòûЩȻ˳ȥˡ
ҹҡͷɲʲôð취ҵģذ֮ҲҪȥͷȻЩѣкӦûа취İɣ
һ˼õȷģ˷ͨĿ϶ȥ鷳֪ⲢǸŵʮĻǿ϶ȸԼͨš
ֻҪϣ˷Ӧ֮ǰԼģȻǻһЩ©Ҳû
δ㣿Ҳû˰취
ҪҹǼһ֣ҵͬķһ͵־֮䲢Ϥ̽Էķ̫ʣֻò˵ˡ
гȥɣ취ʵڲУͰ˵ģȽԺ˵ҹ˵
Ҳãҹʱ䣬ȣǵʱҪȥ취ǧ򲻿ӡĸ߽ޣȵģû˭ҽȥܶǰ̽ˣҲûгЩʲôޣɽ˶ö֪
ŶѵɽĴܴû̽ǵطҹֵ
ȣǰȴϢ֮أħս֮ʱԴͨӡΪһأɵҲƿӡ룬˵ӡ֧Űǧ꣬Ѿ֪жˣ֮Ҳ֮ĸңӡȴûǳɾϵʿҪȵĻ̻ᱻķӡɱǿҲȥƣ˵˭ȥ̽أ
ҹҲ΢΢ɫطȷǲˣصͷ
˵𣬰ȥһ紩ӡ
ҹ»صȻ˵ûʲô޻ͬпܻڶɽ룬ȻЩ˶ɾµģǴ򲻹Ҳӵߣһ˺üɣǿɾͲˡ
ͻȻҹһ洩УҲѱԼᱻ˶ϣߣֻҪϢŻ˺ܶɽʿ
ʱҪһΪһ취ӳȥȻָһʧȥ£Ϊ⼸˵ǲʧȥġ
赽һûˣܵ˵ĿƣȻǲʧȥġ
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һ˵ֻɾµˣֱ˽ɣǲǾͻᱻӡֱżȥ
Ļǲٵŵ̲ˡ
⣬ҹ֪գǾҪȥ
бİ취Ȼôѡ񣬵Ҳֻˡ
·ɳصʱҹ濴˿طǻ˲ٵ֮Ȼ޴󣬵ҹ治óȻˣһ⣬ǿɾǴˡ
˵⻯ɳأ֮ͻǿ޳֣ҹӦҲôأ϶ҪſΣգ֮ǰǼ˵ʱҲԶﻹǲȫǸһЩźá
ҹְԼĸо˼ʮҡ
ڵ˵ʮｻʲô̫ľ룬ӦòԽɳؼʮģһҾͲ֪ɳصƻ߲ˡ
˲µҪҪץ͵ðű޻ɱķһ֪ܲҵûм˻ȥġ
ʱɫҹһôϢ
ȻǳڽҲûʲôҪɭ棬ܻЩֵܷޣĸϲ
ԵϢҲһοѣʵ𲻵κεá
ҹ֮ҹ˯ȴȻһ졣
ҹΪȻ˯ȴȫֻּ֮£˯ʲôҲ֪ˡ
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ƴҪѣԷȫסܸܵǹǿҲ֮⡣
ãҹҲ룬ʩչԼǿٶͼҪλá
ѾڲͣرٲߵĻһͻᱻֱϹȥˡ
⵽ô£ҹѾûʱȥ̽ˣֻҪ
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ʲôҹҧƴȫǰȻ˵ʲôͨòŲҲÿһֻŲߵӡ
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ҹץڻɳصıԵ棬Ȼҹƻһ㣬滹ӵ
ڵõЩͬʱҹﶼһЩ
˲ȥ᲻ᱻӰ죬ʼһе
ȻǱߵڲϵؼӴΪ˷ֹԼߣԷ˻ɳ档
ɳ˽ģ棬зɶԷʵıǹɾ޴ȥ֪֮ܲлĻᡣ
ûнȥѾܵ޿ɿ⣬浽ĵ㣬ҹֻĻᶼûˡ
һ뻯ɳ֮ҹ̼˰ҹƴ
֮ǰֻΪѣΪҪֻѸٵؽԼʵһпֵܵǾ޴¾ʹȥˡ
ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһʱһ죬Ǽ춼ѾȥˣҹԼ𶯣ɳض


856 ֮
ɳص𶯣ҹȻܸоõ﷢ʲô
һֻǰѻɳһһΣȴǰˡ
ЩһʱûбȫȴĵȷȷǱɹˣһλɳıˡ
ҹһ㣬Ǳ˷ˣҲȱ־޴ҪǿЩȥصˡ
ɾϵ˶ˣҲ˵棬ͨκβġ
ǵһˣ޿·ַӶܰŪΪ˷ֹԼ¶ȴ˸ǵһȺ壬ҲǷǳƵһ¡
ЩѾЩˣҹǹע⻯ɳɳس׻֮Ҳ֪ʲô
ֻ޴һĻɳأѿһڴ˴м롣
ͬʱһҫ۵ĹâҲڴ·Ʈ
һöӡͨ嶼ǵĽɫâҲºͶۣⷽӡһҹԭоʱ˺ܶ࣬񶼱ⷽӡѹȥ
ҹʱףǰ⻯ɳôԹһǷħͷµģ֮ûнȶȾˣȫΪһӡѹԵʡ
Сڻ˯֮УҲ֪ӡʲô֣ԲһıҲز֮
ţϵĿһӷ˳Ƿӡ˹ȥ
ҹһɴûСԡжһôˣ
еĶСڶţҪǻ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
һ̣Ϳײһ𣬵ȴûвκεѸٵת仯
ΧеһжˣҹҲĿ棬ǿĿ
Ȼâɢʱҹȵط֣û𻵣ֻȴһ˵ı仯ԭ̵Ŀ˿̱˵Ľɫ滹˷ƣȥ֮ǰһӡࡣ
ںˣҹֳȥһУ˻ټ棬ҲûзʲôΨһľǿĿռֱˣҲøӺ
ССһңͻȻ˺լֱװһƵģǲȨĹȴҹɡ
ҹ𻵵ĻɳһԾȻû𻵣ҲͲҪٴȥˣһθոյɲұ֤һסڿû˻ɳɵֵˡ
˭ոԾ˻ɳأǹǿһδұһθǿѾҹûа취ֵĳ̶ˡ
ô£ҹֱҪˡ
ವһѾ޴Ҳûа취Ѱ벽
ҹ󼱣Ҳ֪ǰϵȥƫƫִÿⲻˣ鷳ˡ
ξһӰӰ㣬קñԼԭҪ죬ҹҲûа취ǰľˡ
ܸоõڽӽһ޴ԴȪƺޱǿޣһֻһܿкüǿޡ
ʣĹȥˣ϶Ǳ޵ʳ
ͻȻһոսĿһ·˳ͷͳҹ
⵱ȻҪҹһѾ굽˿ˡ
ǰĿǶСҹԼ룬ֻװ±ˣȴͬˣȻһƷ۰㽫Լʢ˽ȥ
Ҳҹһ֮뵽˰취ΨһƵǣΪԳſԷΪԼƬȣû뵽ǣ˿֮Ȼӿٵرǹǿˡ
һҹҲû˰취ֻܼϣڿ԰סʴٲڶʱڱɱ
ͬʱҲڲϵŻɳصͷΪٽһ
Ȼ֪Щ̫ʵɾһϣҹҲŸոɽ磬ھˣɽǣֻˡ
ӿҹȻԿһо󣬶ڷٵһԨȥԨƺޱǿĽƣ뵽ˣӵóȥ
µòһޣҹš
޵ǿ󣬶һֻһͷЭ֮ʱȻܳӵеȴһѳƵķΧӶһп޶ϵԨ
һԨҲȥˣΪޡ
ֲ֮ǰһֱҪЦΪֻҪ̫֣ﻹܵסЩᷢʿʵ̫ˡ
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ড

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һ̣ҹûײǽϡ
һһǾ޴ڿն𣬶֮ǰĲ²ҲȫԣֲͬޣӦý޲Ŷԡ
׻ȸ䣡
ڻıޣ˿̾һֳ
ҹʱһϣûˣڵʵһޣԷ׾ٵؽɱοҹⳡǲ̫һЩ̫ʱûгԹȲҪʡ
֮£ٽˣֻǾؿһС
ǸħϢࡣȿڣǿԡ
һҹ֣ﵽ޵ĳ̶ȣ˵ô֡
СһӦþ컯«档˵ȸҲ߹Ů
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ѵǻбѡ񣿡׻ƺЩΣӡҲ޷ͻƣͻƣȫȻû״ֻ̬̳Ϊ˵飬һֱħӡ֮ûͼѣΪ𣿡
ʲôޣɵ۵УҲһԱȻˣΪħһ֮ҲԸΪЩαʿ顣˷ŭ
ͻȻԥ滹һСӣѵҲҪ𣿡
СӶ컯«棬ǵҲκá׻ҲǶһǡ
λ˵𣿡˵֮䣬ҹѾƮ˶Էν컯«֮⡣
㾹ȻҳȸЩ⣬֪Ҫɱ𣿡
ղŸλĻѾȻ֪Ǵôҹ̧ͷĿĴһһɨ֪õǵİ֮СڻΪ𣿡
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񣿡ҹɫһ¡
ħŵļ£Ȼħ񣬶ļ֮϶νˡ
ֻҪһ֣㶼Ѳӡɵ޷ԶǣΣҲֻǽ֮Ϊūֻ񣬲ֵ񡣡ٴοڵ
ϧ꣬ǶȻɵۺ͸·һ𹥴壬ܣҲ³ϷȵĽƣ嶼Ҫһˡȸ̾


857 
ԣᣬȻϧл꣬ҲҪٵ֮λȻֵʢҲһɵ۳׻𡣡׻ͻȻһתȻ㣬ûʸõǵ
ҹѾϵħûа취ɵۣھǼǵСһδﵽʵҲһɵ۵Ķ֣һ㣬ѵû
ɵжԸ壬ʵĿǽһ壬ħҲһȻյĿ꣬ȴ׵̣ЩԨ֮УץɽˣҲǴٵϢɵۺһսȻҲʤˣԼҲûռıˣ϶֮Уӿڵ׵һͨȻȫûкеȥ
̴˵ͷǧŰٵѱٵĻиʮŵὫ׵ȥԺ׵۵ĵϣȻʤɵۡȸϣ˵
׵̣ʮŵҹѸٵػţƺǸе˵úơ
ǵãǸͷ˵˶ֵļƣʮŵٿС
ȻħˣȴõĹޣֻɱ㣡Ŀ浮һɱ
Ȼû˵ǿǵ˼һµġ
ת˲֮䣬ҹо޴ѹѹ˵һֵûС
ס֣ϸС
ͬʱҹѾһ΢ı仯Ǿ޴ѹϤ˿ȥ
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۸ӿԾģǸȻʮŮӡ
Ƥ𪣬˿ƣһյȻЩ͵ƤȴһСŮ
СڣѾԻ𣿡ҹҲЩֵ
СûֻǳĴ׵֪һ˭˺ģ
޶漴ͷħˣѪ֮Ѿ𣿡
ûоѣҲһ˺ģСȻûҹҸػɽʸûУʲôᣬҲֻ½ͱɵСѣɽ磬Ľ֮УǾȻҪɱǸ˺һ˿һҾԲŹǵġ
ĴСڵʵǿٱһСŮָ𣬾Ȼһ˵ĶûС
Ĵޣʲôʱ˻̶ֳȣڿ˵޳֮Ҫ׵۴˵ĵ֣ܸɵۿ⣬ѵǿҹõı׵۴˵Ĵ𣿡Сڼʵ
Ĵ
ոжȥѹһУȴߵľȻӵ֮壬֡ȵ
ڻӵ׵֮кڰ֮ѵ׵۴˵ĴУһˣΪʲôõִУ׻֡
ҹս֤ݡСתҹ˵
ҹҲһ£漴ʩչս
Ĵ޵ͷ϶һâǵҲһҹǰȻ̧ͷĸо
ǡ׵۴˴ɣĴ޶ͷȥ
ߣСںܲˬص˶Էһۣҹ͵ħ͸׽׵һֻΪ׵ϲԱ濴ǶһֻɵۺħŻ֪ЩɵҪԸ׵֮ǰмģħźˡ
ȷˣϧ׵۴꣬ǸҲɵѾãڴս֮ʱȻ壬Һ˲ûйѾˡȸ˵Щʱϻ֮ɫ
Щ䣬Ѿȫӵ𣿡ҹСڡ
󲿷ְɣСڻش𣬡ϾҵõֻǴм䣬ұļ䡣
֪֪ΪʲôЩҵϣҹѰҹͿҲ˵컯«˵ЩҸϵģΪʲôõħŵĴŵĵ⣬˵컯«ʲô
ЩҲ֪ϣ׵ۺɵ֮⣬Ҳûʲô˻֪ˣСڽ͵תѭϢǵĶЩȻ㸸ӢǬϣȴûнκ˵ĴУȴ˰ҹ򴫳˵⣬ɵ۵ĴУҲɵۺ׵۴˶ӢǬԲŻ׷׸õеĻԵݻԵȴתǵ
ҹЦһɵۺ׵֮ȴһҲðתĽ
أ˼˵ɵۺ׵֮Һ֮ȥ𣿡һڹȥˣӿصδô
ǹȥҲȫ֪ģο˵Ѿδˣ룬öǼˣ϶Ϊνɵۺ׵֮ĶԹ˾ͳ˳ˣֻ׵ǿȷģɵ۵ûУûκ֪ûĻ϶ģһҲ㲻СͷҸһᣬֻҪңҲһŹҡ
㲻ħĳôֱĺ᣿ҹͻȻ뵽ʲô
ħſ˭ڵħ֮˭ǵħˣ忴ħֻһǾ׵۴ˡСڽ˵
ʵɵۼλ֮ǰɽвûνĵۺţɵۣ׵Ҳ֮֮ǰִƵħҲνħ񣬵ʵǺһ׵۴һ˵ߡҲ˵
ǵ˼˵׵۴еݹͿԵõħŵĹ֧ͬ𣿡ҹʵ
ҲǾ޴һ㣬ȻڿûһЩħŻ壬ŲСʵҹ˵൱ǿġ
ݣҲõ汻׷ɱˡ
һֻ滢ʮֲöԸиǿޣȻǴΣĴ޵Ͽɣ԰ǵˡ
ܡСҡͷ
ŶҹЩˡ
Ϊ׵۴˵ĴвһҼǵԼҲ˵׵۴˸˵ʮŵҲߵѣʵϿֻܻߵҲ˵кüһ׵۴л֣Ҫħһ˵ģֻﵽ׵۴˵ʵпܡСҲε
ҹϳ鴤һ£һʵ˵ﵽ׵۵ʵѾҪħŵ֧ˡ
ǿһЩı䣡һοڡ
ҲԸָı䣡׻ȸҲһ𿪿ڡ
ҪʲôСʡ
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858 ׼
УСƺҪʲôһҲǻкܶʱ䣬ҪǿûĴޣӵҲִǰ壡
ȴһѾǴǰ壬νĴޣҲֻʣⲻѷӡȥҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲¹⸴ʱ̣ڣȴΨһĻˡ
컯«ڣֻҪǵͿħ˻ֵָʵħ˻ָľ磬ŻϣοħǸ׵۴˵ĴһϣȻ˼һж⡣ȸ˵
ֻҪħָܻʵǾһʱֻҪһ˿ۼ׵۴˺Ҳܽܳȴȴ֪£ŻᣬȵɢʱҲδܿ·١
׻۾âǵһ죬ѾܾãѾӣֻһ֪Ҳ˲òʱˡ
УᣬȻҪΪôǣСڵЩУΪ֪ᷢʲô飬ٲֹһоͽ޷ֹˡ
ϧûа仰˵꣬Ѿҹһ𣬱޴컯«ڡ
Ĵ޶һۣ϶˾ҵĹâƬâ۳һ޴ķţӡν컯«֮⡣
Ǻ«һֶ˼µķ֮Ѹٵת濴ȥƺҲʲôطеҹСˣȴо˱˸ܲĶ
ڱ޵ӳţһСĿռ䣬ͻȻһʮһ޴Ĳԭɳ۳һ㡣
ҹǰһϵԶɭ֣ԭʼϢ޷ȥüֵķϢ
ҹ˿ߵСڡ
Сڵֱֳ컯«棬Ȿһ簵ǬֻҪ㹻Ϳ޵󣬱һС磬Ĵ޽绹ԭԼʱͿռתҲ֪תã֮ǰǲܳȥģʱ䣬ҲᱻֹͣΪ̵ڣʱǿõıκˣκţɵԵҲ޷ƿѾ˵컯硣
ʹҪԼΪӮһЩʱˡҹҲп
ⱾΪСһ׼ģĴԭҪɱģҲ֮һ
ǾɣСһԾһɫĳչ쳣
ҹûж˵ʲôֻǽ۾΢΢ϣսѸٵת

ɾǿߣЩ֮ԵΪڲ֮ǰڵĻɳؾȻ޹ʵˣ֮ǰֻһСˣǿ߶ûзӦʱɳѾȫʧˡ
Ҳ˵ӴԺɽҲûлɳأЩħͨ׽֮󣬾Ϳֱӽ뵽ɽˣɳһҲá
˵󲻴˵СҲСǰ˭ҲûɳǲڱˣȴܲŲʣҲǹغɽϡ
ɽ綼ǿƿһУԺҲһˣȴ˲г֣ԸŶΪӣǰ顣
ϧȵԣҲֻܶЩӽ߽̽ɾ뵽ȥֻЩǿţһʲô״ҲܽӦĵӡ
ˡ
յͻȻ֮֮ȿڵʯžҵز
ƽʱǼ⵽ر֮ĶҲӦһûйǿңԴҲ쳣֪˭ҵǿ
ĽɾϣҲ۾ҪڵһʱǼҲһȻ
˭û뵽ǣʯַӦĳ̶ȣǰͻȻ꿦꼸׵ѿ
һ޴ĺ«ƳĹâҲǰһУԼ֮УֲͬڶߺУ˴˵еĴޡ
ǽɾĳϣҲһ̱㶼âû޴Щ˶û˹ȥ
ѹʱ򣬳ʯ֮⣬κε쳣
ɾϷ׷Żֵ¼ŵҲ֪ô¡
˵Ĵ񸴻ˣڳɽ糤˭ܻƫƫЩ˶ûһˣЩ֮һûиӦ
˵дķӡҲܳⱾǶһֱǿһЩ壬ھ֮ȻвҪӡ
һֱûгԭ򣬾ķӡӡֹǿɽ˽룬Ҳֹһе޳
ĽҲֻǲ֮ΪʵһͷûУҲֻܵһ⡣
ʱɽĺ֮ϣĳͨɳ֮УиʮͨˣĳС̵ϰϢ
ӶԷĴ𰸲ʮ⣬ֻֻһ⣺֮ǰһѣҲǸСˣϰ֪ĸŵ𣿡
ϰɻؿһҹ˵Ǹǲһͷ׷ȥޱȣǸŮһ
ӣҲҲڶˡ˵ͷͬʱҲɻ޴½ϵͷôû뵽ɽ羹Ȼû֪
Ȼҹ̾ףû֪»һţֻ޴½Ż߶ѡ
ţֻ˶Σʼ䣬ҲǸŵĵӣܵõֵӰæʮɣӦòʲô¡
ʵʲôţϰҿȷû̫˲ſڣ׼ʵһѪԶڶ˵Ǿһ࣬ȻϿɣδһõϿɣżΪѪͳԵʱ򣬻˺ܶ˵Ĳǰ׼ҵϼ¶ˡ
ŶһѪļ壿ҹ΢΢ɻˡ
Ǻǣǲͨ°һѪͳôǰħ֮УҲвͶɵ۴£ⲿ֮ͨ󣬺ȻӵһѪͳҲûʲôɵۡϰٴ߿һۣɵ۶겻ɳ֮жжλƣЩѪȻͳ˴Ҫȳһ
ϰ֪Ŀ治٣ҹЦ֪׼ôߣ
һ䣬ͲҪ׼ҵߵ̫ԼҲϻµģһҪļ壬˭ǴϹϵǲ鷳𣿡ϰѵ
ϰ˵ǣֻһЩ˵ϣҪֻҹٴ¶ѯʵ
Ҫ˵̫ҪĶҲˡϰ۾ͻȻһ¡


859 ý
ڶԷû˵֮ǰҹѾһǹȥ
磬ɽҲһַνԲˬ
õ˰׼ҵĵַ֮ҹû˷˿ʱ䣬һתʧˡ
ǡոո׵λϰһӵɴ۾
ΪǰֻǸոմĳ߳Сӣɽϲ鲻̫˽⣬ڿԷʵѾɵľˡ
ɽ֮УҲֻнɾشգɣڽƵԼ֮£ҲֻǷްѡ
ԷΪﵽ˽ɾǼȴٵÿֿʵ̫СˣǴ½һ֮󣬾̱չˣֻ˲Żһ֪
ǰ£Ƿֿɵķ֮ˣŻ㱨ԵõĽλϰ̾Ķ
Ȼ֪ҹʧȥԷ׼ҵϢȻǻȥ׼ҵģܶԲԣϢȥҲãһҪˣǿһʵĲƸܳʱˡ

ҹվڰ׼Ҵǰ̧ȥɸȷǱ޴½ϵŻҪɣٻɸϿյ󣬸Ͳ޴½óġ
ǰѣ鷳ͨһ˵ҹҹŵĻ
˵ǾүѣƺЩţžȵıʣ֪үû⽻ѵϰߡ
ҹû֣ǸһǣЩˣ˵Ǹѣ̴ӣ¶ᱻ
ЩȰǿˣҲԸһ۸ڶѣǺġ
ͨһͺãϼңȻߡҹȻ
ҽɡٴδһҹȥˡ
⵹ҹ⣬Ϊǩ»ӽһЩû뵽ô׷롣
ҹڴ֮еȴһʱ䣬Ӻ߳һˣмɫ
ǸԳƸѵСӣ˰ʵ
˭ҹ̧Ƥ
Ĵɣ´һҹŲм˵һֱΪŵ۸ڶڿҲˣȻͨΪѣʵҰ׼ҵϡ
ֻҰķϻ԰ǵļгҹ϶һĨЦֻеĹϲ˵
ûд߳׼ˣɲûҲЦ˼Ҳûд߳ȥдѪͳҰ׼ҾΪ޷뵽֮УΪҰ׼ҵǰ;ڼ֮ǰĸףѾȣӴҲҪˣ㣬ȻԳѣǾһȥɡ
ȣҹ֪ʲôطҲףǶȻ˼
߰ӣǼ֮еĴ磬ѵͻ־ܣ
һСΪʲôôɣɵֻΪɲȥҲȥȥҲȥҸ׵õ֮λһȻʲôϼƫֻ̻ǸѾɱˣҲΪǰ׼ҲŻû䵽ڵĳ̶ȡ
ðɣǾʹȥҹûж˵ʲôֻ˶Էһۡ
żһ֪ʲôõط֮ǰĲȴҪгͷġɻŶԷ˦ȥ
ꡭ
ҲҹʲôֻֻƻûеҹϣѾб۶ϡ
ǿҵʹ̾ðɴгٿҹҲ˼־֡
㾿ʲôˣɴš
ʱȷǺˣԷ֪ڰ׼ңȴҶôص֣ǸͲɴ˶һϵк
ȥȡҹûлشֻǼ򵥵˵һ仰
ҲɾΪҹǰȴҳ
ɾΪ֮󣬱˵ֱ۶ˣλˣҲʲô£ֻҪԼԵϢһ£Ҳûˡ
Ȼûô򵥣þ˰취ϵȴòϰ
ȻҲ뵽ҪٻæǴʱеĴŷʧȥãҹ󺰼ҲЧǹˣԼȴһˡ
ҹӣĶģһͷ֮£Ѿȫˡ
ԽԽ£ǰʵʵǿ͸ֲףǸŵܣ˵ѵôųһŻͽʶôһĽɫ
ɲȥʲôֻæǰ·¶˵һ仰ҹ̾Ҳ˵Ļˡ
ʱڰ׼ҵɸ֮󣬾ͳһ޴ĺ蹵ǿխĺ蹵ȥصиͿס
ǰ׼ҵأΣأǽˣûлųģ֪ԼСϣȴҲֻܰʵ˵»øѿǰʲôԸҲһΪЧͣδһҪҰġ
ҹûֻһԾȵ档
һʱӦʱ̾ˡ
ǧѷĺûᣬҲΪʲôҹѰ·ֻҪһͲöԷȥ
Ϊҹȥ֮ˣɾͷ֣¶ԶԶûô򵥣ֻ۶ϵƣôûа취޸
֮£ֻҵԼĸףҲڵİ׼Ҽ׷Զҹ׼ҵ齲һ顣
˵ǸʲôΪ׷ԶŶ޷޸ƣҲʮ֡
ұΪǸͨˣΪŻ֣û뵽ôжûгҵƾԶ۶ˣҡʲô취ɵҩˣҲûа취»ָףһҪҰɰ
׷ԶȻӲֻǴʱҲ޷ָӵֻ֣üͷ˵ȣ
ȥҰǸϵģҲһ桭˵ʱϴŶ񶾵֮ɫͻȻѾ߿ȥĶ
ȥȵǸ˳׷Զ˵ҵĶ֣һҪԻ
԰ѵܴȳɾš
֮أ׷ԶϯǵǵԵȥڴ
ûҹлĿܣʱЩƫƫϵʹʱʱ̶̿ûа취ѡ
λǰ׼ڵļˡ˴ŰʱңҹЩǱƮ
ǸǰһȻǰĸװ׷羢ˡ
۶СƵǸˣ׷ԶĿǧ꺮ҹһ֮˰ӵϣû뵽İ࣬лżյһ죬ûãӲ׼ȥ뿪˰׼ңʲôǡ
ҿû˵Ҫ뿪Ӣ˸ź
һΣȨҷǳ͸͸ɣ֮ǾͲôõˡ׷Զ
ýȥ㣡ͻȻ䶯ˡ


860 ׼
һϢֱȫʵһ
ȵʱֻɾѣȴٲȻѾ۷壬ֽҲ֪ģ˻ʱڸΪ
ҹȴ֪ȵʱ򣬰ȷɾɣʵ磬ȴɷΧ
ҲһľɾʵʵȴԴﵽɾǿԸ׷Զ࿹һ¡
һʽŸոշ𣬾ͱֽضϣֵҹ
㲻Ķ֡ҹ򵥵˵
û˵ʲôֻǽȫ˻ȥ
Ǳ˵Ƕ֣ΪԼϣҲȫʩչһ¿ԼǲǶ֡
˵ҹȴûκλɾֲκηΪ֪ҹȻ˵ˣ϶Ƕ֣ҹҲȻ֣ʣ񣬾ǿŰ׷Զܾˡ
ȵʱȻӱҪӼѰٱһ죬Ҳᡣ
ʱǿ״̬οҹȻ˳ͲǸӣٱλμڲ
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ǶӵƽӲӶνĸԣ첲˿Ҳǳ飬ڲܶǾһҪҸϣԼңҹЦЦҲһͬģ˭ҵѡ
㵱ҪҰ׼ҵļ£׷Զû뵽ҹ벻׼ҾǱȲϸţҲһͨ衣
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еķеĿռ䣬֪һжĳǿˣ£Ψһģ۾ҹĽĵ
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ͬʱλ׼Ҫӵãƺ÷鷢ˡ
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˷Ұ׼أޱȣֻһ֪һλǿߡ
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ڣܣֻܾڲֻǰ׷羢ͰӣȻˣǵΪΪɱˣҰ׼ɽ޷㣡׷Զ˿̵Ѿˣ˵Ҳ
һӰٿһȻ˼˵ǰǸߵӸмƣֻڰ˵Ӳϵö࣬ĺüëҲǰɫġ
ĿɨһȦҹϣҰ׼ҵң
׼ҽѵһ²ФӵܶѣлҡҹȻ
׷羢æǰأڣ׷ԶΪҶ츳СʱͰٰޣڸŨΪɣҪҸӶ뵽ɱΪҸ
Ǹ֮ԱȣȫΪǹˣıҰ׼ҵ棬죬Ϊ鷢׷Զæ⡣
ˣ׼ȵ˶ס֮ŰĿҹ֮˭˭Ұ׼˵㶼Ǹˣ׼ҵ飬֣ȻҰ׼ΪֻԼΪˡ
ڲɣæҪ
ʱͻȻ֣Լ޷˵ˡ
ҪԼ֣׼ƽ֮£ȴɭĿ⣬ϷԴӴ׸û˸ҹܹҰ׼ҵ顣
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ֻ־Ǵ͸мĿռ䣬̾ҹǰȴԲһ˿ľſҹĲϡ
һ˿ľ䣬һĨɫɴķ
һƷ֣ҹ߳һʮĿɰŮֻŮһֵʱȴű˪֮ɫƺǶǰȫһƬɫͷʮջ
һǵڱ壬ݵȷѾͷС
ҰѾͷȻҰ׼棡׷ԶһϲܰҹƣСѾͷǶԷˡ
תͷҪ˵ɿĻȴȻڷ


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׷ԶĿҲǸɰСϣȴʲôҲֻþصڷ
ϡ׼һ֮嶸ȻһСڹȥ
һĻ̰Ѱ׷ԶӸˣ׷羢ͰҲʯ
֪׼滹ţֱ׷Զȸ״֮ʱ̶ҹһѺͻȻðСѾͷû̫ע⡣
ʱȥʱѪͳôİʱоޱȵѹ
ⲻʵһѪѹҲ˵ԷӵѪ֮ϵľѹƣǸʿʵϵѹƻҪµĶ
ߣҿɳе𣡡С˿ûΪԷĹǴżֳ⣬ĴޣǱҲɵ۵У벻һȻɵ£ӵһ겻ɸһб£
⡭׼漴Ѿǰ׷˪ߣʱҲ仰˵ࡣ
Ĭ֮ų̾һˡ飬ȷǳǵԤ֮⣬λ޴Ҳȣһ֪ܲдɵʱգĴ޶죬һΪֻίȫԱһ𣬷򲻹νѡ
һίȫ㻹Լ𣿡Сڼ̵
ˣ֮УѪΪҪҷԼݣҵѪҲ˶ı䣬ɵ۲ǣҲǣԴչɵ֮󣬰׼¶ݷ̬֮ɽ֮УʵϣгһգΪˣһѩʹ֮ܡ׼˵ʱͲҪˡ
СȴȫȻ޶ԣ˵㻹ԼѪĺˣԼѪҪѪһΪ࣬Ϊ˰׼Ϊı־˰׼ҵõ·ŵʶ˾ҪҪô˵׼ôһҪΪ壬һҪԼΪݣ
濴СֻǸʮŮӣӵеļͱ䣬ȴһ٣Щÿÿʵ׼ҲԶԡ
ֻǴʱİ׼棬ûȥ⣬ǰĿͶ˰׷Զ˵ģģ
׷Զһʱţ˲Ѿҧ£⡭ʼնɵͳ֮£ǰ׼һıǩȻԶ޷õɵۺ͸·ŵͬ棬ʲôҲ֪ǴðҰѾͷαôץ׸ɵ۴ˣǰ׼ҾͿԡ
ʣ׼Ҳȥ̧֮䣬Ѿ׷Զĳ촷ۡ
棬ɳɵˣû뵽ҹֻǷǵΪٻȴҪ˸׵
׼ĿȴϧûУɣҲиϵҲȥɣ׼壬Զû˵ˣʲô
Ҫ棡֪Ҫ㣬æģѾˡ
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λǡ׼濴СڻǸӣæҹ񣬡ոնеʵ֪˵ѡ
ΪҵѣͿԶ𣿡СڱĵΪҳ֣ѾФһΪҽˡ
׼һóҹʵһСӣʵвôʤ
漴뵽һֿԣǰСڣҲССӣȴĴߣȻϢѹѵ
λǡ׼ɻŲȷϡ
׵۴˵Ĵ֮һСڴҲΪֹ׵۴ǿһߣ˵ǲǿߣҶ׷Ψһϵ׵ۡ
׼һζˣոһȻǴ弴һΪСϵѹһΪмЩ
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㻹ǵ컯«ɡҹ֣СѾ뵽ԭĿҲǺ컯«档
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鲢ûоʹ˰ݣ׷ʵ֪ȥ׷ɱٻ𣿡
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ʦãԽԽˣ˭ıɵۻỨô˼ȥԸһССҹ𣿡Ц
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Ħɽϣ㲻Ҫȥ֪뿪ɽһҲ޷ȥˣҼȥˣҲﲻʲôæǵΪڶ֮ϣѾȥֹˡѵ
̾˿ֻصͷ
ʧ֮ҹڿֳ૵ĦɽҪȥˡ
ⲻǹ˵İɣСȻҲҹΪһôҪϢЩš
ǹ˵ģҲһҪȥٻڲСڲȥȻ֪ˡ˵Ѿתˡ

Ħɽǹϵħʥأ˵ħйʱ䣬׵ħ֮ʱҲǧ֮á
ͻķϣΪħɽѾ˳֮޴½ϣħŵӸ档
һм˷ɽʱûжطʲôĸоȴͻȻ˿ˡ
һȻǲ֪顣ȵ
ʲô飬˳ħŵ𣿽˾ˣɽ⼸꣬ɽһζûóʱ֣һֵø˵¶Ц
ͺսɽЩŵȴҲҲʵ˸֡
ʯͷ֮䵹Ǵúֻ֣ʯͷһӲʯͷٻṥֻһζذʱ䳤ˣҲζˡ
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863 
ٻħŴУǺֲ֮ĶǱŴɽģһʲô飬϶ܵɽΧɽħźƣƺ޴½ʱǾǵ鷳ˡ
õõ֮ĴУɽи˽ɾʱ֮ϣҪʤһ
˵òǲ壬Ķ֮飬ǲó֣ٻǾ͸֣ϾǴǰжԹҲˣǲѣҹҲǸֵġ뵽ҲЩͷۡ
ҿǱĿԸһЩ⻺
˵ǹԸԸˣĶʵ
˵ʲô֮ˣʲô˭ܴõҲ˼ֺ⣬ҿǲǵɴֻɱ֡
Ǹô죿ʯͷԴʵ
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ûУǹһģӻǼ٣Ҷܹоõ⼸ʱ棬ûʲô˲٣ӦΪӾˣʵҲ²ʵڻ֮ϣʱ䣬ͻͽسɳ˵
ѵѾɽ磿ĪСϲš
ܣĶͷǵʱɽʱҹѾֻ벽ͿԶɽˣ⼸ʱ䣬ȣҲӦҪɽٷˣȻܸӦʵǿ϶ɽ磬ֵõɽˡ
ǵõǷҲܱЩʵߣΪǶŻ˴ԴųɾͽɵģǸǿǾҪˡ
ɽ磬ҲûжٵǿߣҹһԾ˵ûǲܵġ
ǻʲôɱʲôħֱȥҴ岻ͺ𣿡ĪСһ̾ʹҪˡ
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İɣһξǸһҲٷֿˣõ˵мߣϴζǸҪ͵ͿԴӮڻҪǷһƵġ
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˶Զȥֻ֮л⣬תۼ͵˸ǰ
Щ˵ķ棬Ҳóŵˡ
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ܺãұٸһλᣬڤ粻飬Ǿͱֱϳˣ΢һ֣ļ̽һֵӡ


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ԣǿػ֮ȷӦٻ
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ȻֻһӰ̺ѹȴҲС
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ȳ֮۽ӰȻ˺ܶ࣬նӳأħͷٶҲϼӿ졣
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ν۽Ҳˣٿ죬ҲնȥؼԶڵħٻһƵ
ҲףԷһʺħŵʹõķһһ˲ķͨû۽Ӱ֪Ҫ١
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ӣЩǱɵ۵ˣӳնɱͻȻڵ
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ǸͲӰӣÿһģΪ˲䣬ÿ˶оΣϢҪȫ˰


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䵽ҹ˵ϣǽãܣ궼ᱻȥ

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ڱը֮գȻеĲǸħ󣬶ļλϡ
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޴ն֮ʱһҹߣȴ̾ϻСè͹˳òˣֻ׾ٵؾͱҹָ֮䣬֮Ѳˡ

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ӿµǣɵ۱ϿգѾ׵ķ󣬿Ҫʮλ֮ܽת
ɵ濴ңȻʮλһԸ𣿡ҹԳЦ
ȷ֮⣬ΪЩ۸ڶǿߣɵ۱ĿŵذɵŮߣò֣ЩҪĿԷǳ֮С
ɴһʼŪˣЩû˿Уʮ˲תĴܿЩ˿ѾҹɵۼҲܸŵĴ
Ը׵۴ˣȻҪһЩ㻹Ҫ𣿡Ц
治֪ʲôȻҿܱأҳȥһҲΨһһɱ˾ˣ㲻ǸƷѣԼܿЦ𣿡ҹʵ
㻹֪Ҿ͸㿴ƾʲôڵͼԽͨ쳹صķʱȴȻԼҲ޷ȥܣԡ
ʲôҹĵ˵֮ѾΪһרͨΨһĶΪ㾹Ȼ˺ƭҲǿŶɵ۴˵ⷨһ˿һ©ΪܴӵóܿҲԴ©ӳȻΪɱңɳȫֲ㹻˵һˣɵۻΪһ˵׵۴ôĻ𣿡
ɫѾ˹ȵף̧ͷٿѾ鲼޷ķʱȻЦһȻˣҪɱɱɣӸոһȻ֪ҲĶֻ֣ܳΪһնѣȻˣҪնľ򡣡


868 ֮
ʮһֲ֮ǰλЩΪȻڿҹȷֵӣΪڶԷϣһж߲
ȻѾƷҲûϣ߳ȥˡ
ֻΪǲսδʷЦԴʱѾҪҹս׼
ϧҲɱ㣬ҹҲԷ뷨ֻνҡҡͷȻɵ֮ĹϵѾͿȫѿΪʲôһҪɱ㣿ԺɵΪаɡ
뷨δ̫һЩЦ
˵Ҳǣô˵ϣҳɱˣҹʡ
˵ˣΪҹıֵüȿԷֵ˵һˣûô
Ҳû֮ǰŽɾһΪǺɱġ
Ϊ֪νĵĳǺɱ˵ͲֻûΪǿһ̶ȵǿߡ
ƩɵۣĽ֪ɵ˵ǿ˭Ը׳Ƴ
Ҳɱ㣬ҲһܻˣΪҲʮλһֻ֣ΪҪסѣǿҪɣҹĿ⾼ƺѾ͸еĿģܻɵ۵ĵˣǻҲᱻԼ˳ɱôҲɱ㣬ƺһѡ㲻øлҡ
ε̾˿Է˵ڵ״ܴܲⷨӳȥھ˱ɵ۵ն֮󣬿¶ٳΪɵ۵ĸˡ
һٳΪɵĸҹ˵аһԷȻԸԼȴδؾʲôýҹԸӭĺܿɵۡ
ӳȥİգͻȻϣʵ
Ϊҹı£ҲӵóȥΪ治ʮλ֣ɵ۴򣬾ܳ⡣
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һͣȴҲԶԣһնڱԷҲǺ顣
ҹҲûеһηʣѾֳˡ
ವһһϺɫĹӰǲһͨһ

չȫɫĹâͷ
ħ޿ǰһĻЩϲ£š
ڻν׵۴ǲģڿħߣǰһλȻһ׵ˡ
׵۴˵лвʣΪ裬ԷֻǴˣѾɾһ׵ۣڶԷУû˿ĳˡ
ߵݽȻͬΪҪսʤ׵Ҳǲܵġ
ɽ֮Ȼɵۣκ˶֪׵۵֮ͨҲǺɵ۲µģȻϵǿߣ˭ڶԷУ˵ϺԹԣǧ˵飬Եҫ
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ܵ취ɣСһãһͤͤòŮ
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ȴûлӦֻǽŮҲһɲħתն
⽣ӰһŮӵϷҲͬǸһն˷֮ϡ
㣬֮Ҳһն
кն֣һֻˮëʣȴһ֮䣬ն
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ȻȴױƣǿĹȵĹ֮ˣ˲䱻˺ʮӡ
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ҹ֮ºһЦǵӣ˺Ͱĳ
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869 ɽ֮
ڲ˵ʱ򣬲Ҳʧȥ䣬Ǽ仹ûȫء֮򵥵˵һ䡣
ȷ˵ĵطΪƣʮѾԴƿصλãҹڵĵطΧ
ûϵʧȥ˷󣬳ɵҿ˭ʸңҹһЦҪ֡
֮ȴסȲæҸոãһʵɡ
ԭʳˣСҲһ˵
ҹͷ֮ҲǸкܴϵ
׻˵֧ȴֽ족ﶼɲֻǻô򵥡
ݣ
֮ӱдһݡ֣Ȼﱻһ޵ͨһ¶С
ô˵ǰҪƾһߣҲ̫˰ɣĳЦһ
ڶķͨͨȥûжĳ棬ǱЩɾȥɽһͨȴҪǿöࡣ
Щͨһ̾Ǳתһûֱӳҹ˵ķ򹥻ЩɢŮɢһ㡣
Сһȵǿʵá
һֱָ֮ٳǸͨնȥ
֮Ҳ֪һָƳ֮ǰЧæӱʩչͨ
ΪѾǽɾ۷壬ңԶľ룬ձʶսʱȴû˿ϢҲս֮еơ
οһŵˣ󶼱ΪֻᶯڣᶯֵˣС췴겻ɡ˵ˣȴ罣һİǣ֮ˡ
УͬһѼᶨޱȣҲƥ񽣣ʷһ֮䣬š

֮һȳǧ֣˷һ۶ȥ
ͬʱһҪƳͨĽ⣬ȻҲٶȣҪһ
ʣҹҲ޵
ΪټĲ֮࣬ȴ̶ֳȣѾǷǳˣֻ֮һҪĻڵΪҲ㹻ˡ
Ȼˣûʲôܱȵϰҹ۱仯ȻʤһҪ˵ʾˡС۵
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ֻǸոѣʵķӻ֮ںҲԶûеϵĳ̶ȣֻҪʱգȻԱЩҪ鰲ο
ڲЩˣǺ֣ôģôõʣҹȤذĿ䵽ϡ
ȻˣҲ֮ĸ飬ƺͬһ㡣
飬ڴŻڻ˯֮УҲûа취ˡ֮м˵
ô˵ǿаʵںϴϣҲᵼļûлָˡҲЩǸ
䣿֮ȻһЦôֻҪҷֱó˭ѣĲҪ
ҹƻΧȦ뷨Уٹһգﻹأţ˵Ҳû˵ôŪѵİ
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ҹȻһЦ֮䣬Ѿ´򿪣ҪģһʱѣĵģСᣬֻҪû飬ȷɵκβǡ
˴߳ʱѾһڼˡ
磡õĪСһ۾Ϳҹһ˭ˣȻȵԸӡ
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ǲҪôҺ𣿡鱻Щڡ
Ȼͬ˵ǣɩ
鱻һɩе죬ȴҲûзԡ
˭ó֮ǳڵô򵥡
֮ʱֻһˣ鵽Ϊʲô飬ôѵģҲ֪
ȻҲҪ֪֮ˣǵ֮ǸʥС飬ҪӶһе⣬ƺҲˡ
ˣǻ֮ǰĽõͻȻᵽһ⡣
Ȿҹһ͸ǵģΪ֮һʱˡ
ĽǸ޴½ȹĶϣҹɻһ¡
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ЩˣֱǱ취ɽ磬Բ׽٣ֱɽҪ׷ҹķٶȣǲܵġ
ǵģˣһһϢõĿĶ
ţ˵֪ҵᣬȻǾλãϢ϶Ķͷ
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Ķһ£صͷţ֮ǰ֮⣬Ψһһŵˡ
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ɽ֮纣Ķ


870 ɵı
ɽ֮Ȼɽľͷﱻһ޼ʵĻƿຣ赲
˵УƬǿߣҲһ޷ԽʱҲͼԽҪҵǺˮǲޱ޼ʣҵһ˰ǲǾܳѳ֮⣬Ӵ˵õ
Ҫ֪ͳɵۣҲһٵﾡͷʱͬһ졣
ǿ˵ǶĴѾû̫׷Ψһģܳң
Ǵû֪ΪûһͼԽຣˣֻߴһеġ
֮һƬʱ״̬˭У˭ֻصһƬҲҲķԴҶƬ纣
һҲͼԽ纣ƽġ֮ͻȻ˵
˭ҹɻʵ
ɵ֮ۡƽ˵
ɵȥ纣ַˣ龪ȵŶԷΪʲôû˵Ϣ
Ϊأڵʱֻ֪һɵԼһ׵ˡ֮˵
ΪʲôᡭͻȻʶʲôǴУ׵۴˰ݼ䴫и㣿
֮ͷ׵ʮŵЩֱ𽫴иʮŸˣⱾļƻõǴ뷨УҪʮŸ֮Уһ׶ᣬֻһ׵۵Ϣ̫أܻ⵽ɵ۵׷ɱŷ˶ᣬתУʱѾ࣬Ҳ㶼Щ˵УһֱḶ́ĵ׵۸ҽ֮ʱ׵ںϵøΪףԵõݼ䣬ڴ֮УҹΪȱõļӦһֻҲȫѡ
Ļҹţ㲻ǱǰѵĻһ׵˰ɣ
֮ϣõԽ࣬ӵԽ׵۵ӰӣܵӰ죬Լͷᶨȫһˣȷδ֪֮¡
׵ڴеʱ˵ĴеӣǽԷɣһΪΪԷУ׵ۣ׵۶ÿ˴е˽⣬ȻٴνЩк϶Ϊһҹһ½ۡ
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˶һϷô˵Щͨͨ׵۵ӣΪֻǱɵˣһ룬֪ظǴе׵ۣҲǶѣǺպա
ƺ˵Զˣɵ۷Խ纣ֻ֮ˣʲôõʵ
ֻ˵˰˸֣֮һЦຣޱߣͷǰ
ʲôƵ
Ҳص㣬Ľ˵֪Сڻ纣ζҪϹȥѵ
ӦûһȥȽϺʣ˶಻㣬纣ΣգǱɵ۱ҪҲֻȥĻỹһЩҹ
ȥҲܸıʲô֮һԣȻҵ֮Ȳ㣬ȲõҸ֪Σյ֮ϣһεĻ纣֮УΣһ˭ȥ
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ұȻҪȥҹƽģȦףҶֻȥ֪СᣬκһˣҶһģʲôӵѣҶѾܹССĻ纣ȻסɵۣҲһסҡ
Ȼǿֻһȥˣ֮ҡҡͷĻ纣סɵۣ϶Ҳס׵ۣ㲢ӵ׵еĴУһȥͲֻܻЩȫһ𣬻һߵ
ȲҪżĽ˵Ĳڣ˵֮󣬻ɽ֮纣ϣǻʱ׼ȻƭңȻغҵİΣӦøӽһЩĶ
֮ĿĶɨһ£ļÿʱÿ̶𽥻ָﲢʶΪһŮӣԼԵĽĽõЩϢ
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ã뾡ܼԽԽá֮δ䣬ҹһתͷȥ
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֮ĿڶԷϣȻƣ۾ȴܿ͸ԷһС
ػˣ͸λһҲǵõ˴УȻ⴫ɵۣĽƺ֪ҪʲôԼ渵ɵ׵һսɵʱٰ㣬һУ׵ں޷֮±ɵ۵ֶ䣬òԴ֮룬ɵ۵ĽҲûбɣΪˣȲɽκһλ£òʮ־׷ɱ׵۵ıһʵʣ͸٣֮£Ҳѧ׵۽ԼĴɢ˼䣬ұһ
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ɵֻǽԼļɢȥȴ΢ĵ֮ɽǱޣֻҪǵõ˴еˣնɽ󲢷ǳΪĵӣΪִɽЧȫɵɣɢĴУµĹƳ棬ʱȥõƺǵ˺ôģȴֻɵ۶ѣĽ̾˿Ѿ뵽Ҳͬһǵõɵ۵Ĵжѣɵ֮ԻûֻΪҪᣬٽЩ׵۵Ĵһһ𣬲Ż᳹װģڵʵҲûлָ۷壬ǵĻᣬҲ֮ˣ֮ɵۻ纣֮ᣬʱΪ޽ӽ۷ʱ״̬Ҳ޿ӡ
֮ҹһۣɵ۽õ׵۴еˣΪɣɽΪʲôһҪȵŻǳЩ˻ûгɳɱ
ɵ׵ۣ֮һһɵһУҪų棬ҪﵽһܲȻ׵۵ĴУûдﵽʱ򣬸׵ۣɵҪǽ׵۵׻ΪУлĿܣֻܵǳɾĽ
Щɾ֮󣬷޷𣿡õʡ
ɵ׼ǳɾʱ䣬ٿ죬Ҳ޷ʵָ֮ǰʧȥĻᣬҲ˶֮󣬲һǣҲûа취赲ˡĽǵ


871 Ѫڻ
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ɵΪ˵ָ۷ʱڵʵ鱾ԣҲҹܽܵġ
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ߣȻ֪ڵľλãǻ纣ǻҵģҹԵȻɵۣڵʵҲ϶ᱻɵ۳֮ͷӡҪսǶȻҵڡ֮תͷĶҹûĽİ϶Ҳû취ҵλãڻϵĽ𣿡
Ķһ˿ȴᶨҡͷĽѾϵк֮ϵ
ǿҲֻ֮ǰ˵İˣ߰ɣһսʼⲻ˵ģֻϣһս̹֮Ȼ˵

纣ҹĽˣ̤ĳƺˮİߡ
𣿡ҹʵ
ܿͻһܽյɵ۵ĸĸӦֻ޴½ʱʱ䣬Լɵ۵ĿƣȻȫٲɥʧԼǡĽ͵
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Щϵ޷ϵģƩȹĶһο֮УҵһԵĽ̾˿Ķڶ֮У꣬ڳ޷ܵ˵ȴظ֪ʱΪأòȫԼƣֱ̤ƽʱҲЩɣֻû뵽Ķô̤ɽ磬֮˳һ˿ߣҵˡ
ŶҹЦЦҲҵҿɲϣҡ
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