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1 
ȻУһǻұ750ͬӼһڿзתܣݺ·
һѪˣ·ƴӴק˳رεĺ޴ıը˸߿գкһء

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ɲʧ飬ӵٶôҲΪ˶һתʱ˳ȥ
ԣŷҹԼ©ʲôײ˲䣬ʶһҫ۵ﱬȻԼĶ˵Ǹ˵е
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쳣
ŷҹ۽Ƕ˶˵ţǺһڴ̼һжģǸ˾ԼҪȻôῴڣ
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ŷҹȴûΪԷ˵⻰ͷһ˭֪˵ĻǼٵġ
һлꣿǾǡʬꣿԣԼȻˣǱϾʬǡ᣿
Ȼû˭ģǴ˵С˵ɶÿöˣֹ˵ᡱ˭ţ
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˵֮ǰƣҰʲôδ˵Ը
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ǵӰ˰ɡ
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ŷҹ֪Լ˳˵ҲأȴûصֵزΪԼò˶೤ʱ䣬ܸǰһ쭳ˣ竣Ҳûа취ִܵ
ԣѸٵز׽ŸղŹĻ
˼˵ҽĴУҾܺĥ˼ҲڴĴ𰸡
ֹϵַӦǺЦﲻܷݵأǽҲкֶܶΣǿޱȣҲǽͽϸԭ򣬷ԲƵģٺҲա
˼˵ȫϽŵҪˣŷҹ˵Щϲ
ԣȻһҲǿͨҲǿͨɣǿ
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ϸȥϸȥͱһ㣬Ҫγͱһ˭˭ˣ
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ܣȻòᣬŷҹǺԥѡ
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2 Ŵ
ܺãƺЦڷΪʦѽľеͬҲлĲּ䶼ڸ㣬Ӵҽŵĵˣסһʲôʹܷ࣬Ȼһ񣡡
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֪ܿûƭĹӰǿ뵽ļҲˣžǹ˵Ĵˡ
仯ֻЩڴԾʹͬʱҲһһƬȴʹĸоֱҪȵϹŴٵĿˡ
ŷҹֻҧƾˮεδ·ȫʪ
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ʲôͷ˵ģŷҹһû뵽ԷĻò֡
һͷߣŭ⣺ʦ
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3 ⲻѧ
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ץҩˮĻһ롣ŷҹֽʽŷٻ⸱ҩҵ˾ͲˣȥʲôסԺѡ
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ǡҽĨһ¶ͷⲻѧ


4 عŷ
ǿԳԺ˰ɣŷҹ̯֣תͷŷɽȥԺɡ
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ۼ֤ŷҹٻָΪҽô벻һҩļֵ
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ǱԺƵƵͷɫҲԽԽأʱŷҹȥ
ŷǱԺԺԶܲ΢һʱ䣬ǵ칫̸飿ԶʮֿǰǿʮˣԼҲ֪ŵһʲôķӰɡ
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ŷҩֻҪõʹȨҲԣһҩЧĹŷٴҽѧֱĪĸŷҲϣ츣˻ߡ
ԶһϳɾȻҲҪŷǿɫ֪ⲻ̫ܣ̾תΣҽһ˵ò۸һ⣬һΣ
ŷٻĿһ׿ȥ
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ŷɽȴǵЦһ£ǸˣЧķӣҪǽӪǧڵļ۸ϡ档
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һ˰ҽԭıţȰԺһҩǿֻһʹȨҲ˵ԺбⷽӣҲˣ˵ʵǿˡ
Ǻǣ
ãòӮõĺøУƺ˻ԭˡ
ԶСһβѪǲˣⷽӣֵ
򣡡Զҧŷȷó߼Ǯˡ㻹ĻҿԸǩһЭ飬ڸ㡣
Ժ⡭ˣⲻ㰡
Զһ֣ʾҪ˵ֻǶŷҹ


5 ʮǷ
־ڱصðŷҹζһЦ
ȷˣѵõĹŷŵҽ־ڱصãԶǳϿҵػش
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ŷҹͷŷٻ֣ԷذҩֽƬ˹
ҩŷҹֵ˹ȥһ˻ʮ򡣡

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ҳԼҪʮӱżˣ¿ˣ쳣̫ˮˣ
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˭ϵ⻰һڣ̾˵ļԡ


6 竱ѧ
ԹԻѧУѧҵɣԺٸҺ̿Σôʰ㣡ŷٻ˲ͻ˱ɽħŮ
ŷҹʶԼԨѧѧϵһ꼶ѧֻǰҲûȥϹΡ
ŷٻв
ǸӣΪ⻰Ѿ˵ٶˡ
ðɣȥŷҹǰһʦŷұô˵ͼܲ鵽ǾŰѽ䣬ѧҲ׬Ǯ
˵ĶԣҪĶ飬ģҪȥܡŷɽҲ͵
ǣҪ׬ǮǸҩӹͽˣŷٻȤ
ǸˣһҵĶѪŷҹ棬ҪȥҪ
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Щڴ֮УҪľһɣŷҹǲ룬治ܶհ
ˣ˵Щ飬ͻѧУɡŷɽڰ鶨
ѧУԨڣǰǿźŷҹһȴǲж
˷֮вƲծҽԺõʮǻȥˡ
һжıˣŷҹҲŷҡ
Ҫľ£һǱнľأҵŰ񽣣취׬ǮػŷҵһС
ⲻŷҵĴүôôȻ߹ģսУţ̶
ǰǺأ750ôͱܹ˰
һʲô˼ŷٷַӾʮġ
˵ǴǰǸҵŷٰɣڿɲˣ
ʲôŷ٣ǰҲǸק򰡣ͽ˭װƣ

ŷҹĽŲһ٣תͷʱһ⡣
ոջ䳰ȷļˣ׷״˸оΧһ˼ƵģЦҲǻҭ˺
ߣһŷҹתǰС
Ϊ׵ʶǺǼһ𲢳˫żҶǿͬѧֻǲͬࡣ
˰㳵ˣͬʱŷұ˾ŷɽ֪Ϣʱ򣬴ǰһЩͷ׷ǰˣвٲҲûи˾˵û˰֣ɵӶšľżңΪŷżڿΨһĶ֣һвżҵλơ
Щû֤ݣŷҹҲöԷûа취
ûˤˣװʲôװҰųȵŵ¡ڸղŵʧǿûӣŷҹıӰ
ǿ٣Ա߶Сתתǰ˵
ãô죬ҿСô˳Ṇ̀ٺ١
ŷҹҡ߽ңں˸λ£˵Ŀ⡣
ŷҹȻϿˣ˵𣿡
ǰȥµӣǸʲôǿǴţģ˼ŷֲ̿һصˣ
ǰ˵ŷҹس¶ˣƲˣ
ļٵİƲ
ãָקʲôקżмǮӿק
ЩȻСۣȴһؽŷҹĶҲ벻⣬ԹԶŴ˵еĽϿΡ
ûضûи̴к𣿹Ͳˡ
Ǳ߶ۻڼ
ǣƲˣ֪Լ䲻̣ޣʵǲƲҲ䲻ϣҲʲôӣ
Ľʺˣ˼ô˵Ҳ㳤˧Ůڵ˵˾乫ӣȫ׷̵ĻᣬҲ϶߶ʲôʸ˵˼ŷҹ
ûиû˧ҳó󣿡
ŭشԱקһСӣ°ϸһ¡
еⶼ衭
ܿϿʱ䵽һÿεʱڽڵĽš
ֵǣ˯ŷҴŷҹȻͷһûſȥûſûУ˹Ŀ࿴
ԵĻں߶мڵ㵽ŷҹش⣬ȻİûʹǴڶڳޣ˵ǰδ롣
ŷҹЦ۹Ǹں˹ļ䣬Ȼ̱ɲӣǸڹŴҲͨīԹ˵˼ά˽ò˽⣬ȥЩ⣬ֱǼ򵥵˳Էˮһ
¿öڽһǰһֱΪŷҹǸܼӣ˵ѧУѡѧƺϿΣҲΪϲΪҪ׷̡
ڿϵĲݰֻԺֵĸҡһ˳ѧԣܲЩѺϽϹһƬŹ֡
¿ʱ䵽ʱҶ׷׳̿ȥ뿴λԨѧĵһУڴǰ׷ŷٵĸıʲôӦûС
ʱŷҹվȥҵĿһӶ۵˵ϡ
ҲȷǱ˺ģǰһ竸٣ѵǹװģҪһֱڵӣǿȥͦ˳۵ġ
Ȼһѣͨѿ϶û⡣
һŷҹ˵ʱҪôشʱֻԷѾԽֱſˡ
ۣÿᰡиС͵Ů˵
װİɣȻ˦û˦̣
㶮ʲôܹݣŷǳжˡ
ƨûߵſôݰԼݳȥˡ
ۿŷҹͳ˽ţ΢ü˳ȥ
ûҾ˵ܹ
ۣѧһж»һҪһ£һͲòˡ
˱߶죬߶ǴһȺӿſڣ˽ηչȻŮûһϣܴһԶġ
ŷҹŷҹ̺飬ŷҹŻعͷ


7 װʲô
£
У֮һ
ûиԼɫ˵ûС
ǰΪʲôװӵܵӣ̶ڶԷķӦǳͷһ˵Ȼ˷ܵı鶼ûУƲˣ
ǿɲװǱӵܡǿżֳ񽣵ˣⲽģСӴӽ竵ʸҲûˣǲġ
ǿҵ鲻ܣôʲôЩص˶Էһۡ
Ǻǣһôʲô
ҪǴǰŷҹ˳ۣҲԷ֣ȻԷļҵȲֱңƴ˭Ҳòʲôô
ڲһˣһҴүŷҹȴɥ֮Ȯôûֹ
ŷҹ˵۸㣬Ǿ˵İ취һһ˭ˣӽԶ̵ǰʧôҲң
ǿŷҹЦЩ䣬˵ϲѧĶίǵԨѧĽ糤
ʰŷҹǰһĺûᣬôܴ
磬Ҫ
ɲǿԾЩ۸ˣ֪ŷҹ϶򲻹ô˵
Ҳû취˭ŷҸżͷŷҹ϶Ҫˡ
ΧΧ֣ǿǵģӵѧУû˸˵ʲôǣΧԽ࣬һȵŷҹϵĸоԽˬСԺô̧ͷѧУ죡
˵ԽҲȤһǽɣǿ˸ŵ̬Ц
ҸȤǻĽԶίһȤûС̰ͷŤһ߶ƺ뿴У鷳Ժ̣ǺǺ죡
ǿ˸ûȤҲеڨڨζƵŷҹϡ
ҪСӣ̿϶̬ȣô˵ԼżҲǼʮʵĿɲһıܱȵġ
ʲôͨģŷҹʾһ¸㿴˵ҲȤأǿ˵껰ͷһתĿ䵽ŷҹϣôŷҹ㲻ⶼҰɣǲǸˣҪԼĻԼǰ
΢΢üȻǿ˵ĻҲ뿴ŷҹô
ǲŷҹ򲻴򣿡
򣬿϶ô򰡣Ķ飬ô򣡡
˵ҲǣȻ棬ҪĻǿԵˣ
ɣŷҶƲˣǴӮˣҲżʲôΣ
ڶĿⶼŷҹϣȴȻںӣﵭ˿ûȤĵĶ
ŷҹ˰
벻ֳñĶʲȥˣ
̴ң㣬κ˶ûʸӵע棬ʡʡɣǿ٣ŷҹתҪ߳Ⱥ
û˵ûôɡǿ̵ɫ˱䣬֪ԼĿѾﵽһӲϷŷҹ뿪еһᵲסȥ·ǾͲģ룬ŷû㻨Ǯ˰ɣǺǣҪӮˣǮġ
һ죬˵һ̷õĳƱžӵϡ
ŷҹŲһ٣ɫҲǿһֵһ򣿡
ǿƤһĨЦҪӮˣٸһ򣬵ҪˣʹȥôҲң
һΪŷҹһİơ
㡭̱ŷҹսЩ٣Ǹ֮ԺһЩ
ɸով˻ãͿȻΪǮҪ˱ԣѵȲмֵǸ߿ˣ
ߣŷҹȻǿȴǶ˼ֵ⡣
ҲŷҹҲвѵĿԣϾƲˣǰĴүڿȱǮúܰ־ǿ˵ӣҲֻǮĶͿôѵɣ
ϻ˵㵽׻򲻴û̫ʱСëϷŷҹ΢΢̧Ƥ
˵ĲĻˣǿܿȥһ˿ЦûעģӮŷҹŷӮֻҪˣһʮˣǮҾȫ͸ŷ٣ûģ


8 ɱķ
Χ۵˭ʶⳡͷ˭ǿĴ㡣
ĶҪģø˴ŷҹ
̵üһ£ǿʵ̫ˣ
һ뵽ŷҹǸӣҲԼûŰֲñˣһ߹ۿ
һǿӮǿټͣ
ǿӮǿӮǱģ
ʮ˭Ӯ˵ǲš
ʮǿӮ˭ŷҹñ˧
ǿһѪȥǻһƣѵӳñ
ǺǣŷٿҪͣҪӮˣЩעǧˣһµòˣ
ϻ࣡ŷҹۡ
ߣǿ͵˦һ񽣡
һ³䲻⣬ǸŷҹݹһȥʵȴֱӴڶԷϣ
ۿ񽣺ɽһҪ̵ŷҹϣΧ˶ǡһ½ѪƵˡ
ž
ֻŷҹ΢࣬һֻ˽ϡ
ۣŮȵؽе
Ҳ΢΢棬ղһ³ͻȻֳ轣ˣҪô׼ȷؽסҲܲףŷҹȻˡ
ɺϣҲֻôˡ
ʵŷҹոҲû뵽Ӧñ˶죬ʶ͵ϮûŶ
ǿѴ򵽶Է̨֮ʶ׼ˣȴû뵽Էû󣬻СС¶һ֣򣬻߶ֻܱһϣɫ΢΢졣
׼ûҾ㿴ʲôǽ
ǿŭ޲̾һѶԷ
ŷҹشѾϲһֱָԷ沿
Ȱ򻨣㻹ộ
һ֪˶ٴˣʵ֣Ȼʮɵٷְٿ϶ܰŷҹѪǿѾ¶˵Ц
ܶ˿ҪѪһĻܵתתͷСŮȥ
ž
һ죡
˻عͷŷҹٿǿɫǺúһֿտգһ޹ֿڵϡ

׷ʲô
ǿˣ
ǴͨƭǮİɣ
һ仰ۣ̾ҲżҴʲôҵףöôƭѩǮ˵ˣżҵǿүƭˣҲŷҹǰ˭֪ͷ
˵⻰Ҳ죬Ͱ͵ؽͣɡǿǽ糤ôܵҲ̫ˣ
ǰҶһǿ
ǿ٣ô£󽣵ĻԱҲʵ
⻰ʳҧ룬ô£ӻ֪ô¶أ
ոֻСӽӰһӣҲ֪ôԼĽ͵˵ϣѵ
ܣСӲôһҸղˣСĵ˵ϣһǣ
ֻˣղŲ㣡ǿƤ
ꡭ
ΧһƬǿŪø죬Ҳܰڳ˶һٶ죬Ҳֻźݺʰŷҹһ٣˳ֻ
ҶŷҹϾղŵѾӮˣڲǿٱȣҲû˵óʲô
˾ˣ˼ҹֻ˻ӳˣˡ
ò˵ЩֵͬѧǣŻеģȻܶ˶ǿӮȻվʵһߡ
ŷҹüëһҲû˵ֻһ˸ơ
Ȼͬʱ˶ԶֵĲм
̵еһүүǸԣԼСѬգҲղŷҹʱһֱڿһôģҲûп
̫ˣ
ҵ竴٣ôͻȻһӱôĪӣ֣
Ǳ߶ǿɲôˣӵϼ񽣣ͻȻһǰ˹ȥظ׼ŷҹĺ
ž
شҿˣŷҹĽڶԷһɲǣһ΢һתǿֱϡ
ȻղŵһĻˣ
ٴžأǿҲЩ֪ͣҪôźˡ
ŷҹǰڵһ֮ǰԷڵϵֳ
һأǿ٣
ŶԷЦǿͻȻŭͷû䡭ҡֻǽˣȡ
ǺǡŷҹҲ磬ֻǺĻûȤЩҪǼ֣Ǿ˵İɣ鷳Ժң䲻û˼
ǿϳ鴤һ£ҧһǮ
ӾѾùˣҪٵôΪˣ˿ɾͶѼȥˣү֪Ҳðʰһ١
鵽֣ŷҹָһҾ˵żҵǿٲûֵˣ
ţ
ǿ֪ԵѼˣҳӣֻԺһᣬ˻ӳȥ


9 ⽣
˭ǮԼðɣ
ЩעǿʤǮŷҹҲûȺˡ
ŷҹôô˧ˣҶҪ׷ˡһŮա
˰ɣģӸĤܵˣ׷û̶ȥ׷ôʲô¶
ĶأȥˣҵŮ񡭡ءء
ҪȥĶں׷ʵ
ͼݡŷҹ֪ں棬ҲΪ⡣
Ǳ·

ŷҹеڨڨģֻż༶һˣʲôͼݻȫûи
߰ɣҴȥ΢΢Ц£ҲûС⣬õʲôΪʲôǰ֪㻹Щ
ǡǰҾɡŷҹ¼磬òƵȷԼϸӣǡ
͡
̱һЦǰͦģҶ֪װĻġ
ͼݵˣллҴ·ټŷҹ˵תȥ
ŮǶҪΪŰŬȸ絽˾ء
㡭̱һ仰СˣͻȻֳŶԷӰ㻹ûʲôأ
⽣
⽣ɻΪʲôû˵ĸɵģɣɣ
ǺǡŮѯʵӣȻǸʮСԣŷҹͣ½Ų⽣ǡشĹŽû˵ѧ
𣿡Ө˸
﷭ˣСѧүү˵ĵĹŽشһ˺ѧ
үүһѧ˲ٵĽĻ˵ûһǹŽûһ׵õ洫
˵˵Žǲ˵ġЩԥ˵
лɣŽˣԵĻҿΪͽŷҹ˵ת߽ͼݡ
˵ΪͽеԼĶ䡣
ѵûĹϵ𣿺ߣҲŲҪСһأ
⽣ȥүүǲǹŽ
ʲô߰㣡
ͼŷҹذһʷˤϣúü˶ĿһǸŭӣҲûиҸа塣
ŷҹҲʶʧ̬һƽ
ʷϵȷŷұӵļأֻ˵ĽӦѣǸӸɽģȴ˿ûôǴӼ￴ӦþʦŷұӺġ
ЩҪؼǼһŰ˰񽣣һأЩ䣬ȫֶ꣡
ȻʷҲʲôŷҹҲûôתȥ
񽣵飬ֻ飬ʦ˵ľŽһܣԼѽľ̶߳ȵʱ򣬷Ҳܽ⿪ܶˡ
ϴһΪ˺˵˵أϴ㾹Ȼͼݣˣ㲻ῴ𣿡һԲӣǲŵƤɹģٺЦųк
΢΢һ˼̡ǡԼΨһһС͸һӷȫԼĴºŽСӡ
ӣ㲻ȥʲôԱ˰ɣ
С춼Σ̿ȥʲôȺԱһϵǡ
ٺ٣ϴ˽ңҸһϢһݻʶ飬һ۾Ϳңһر̨ʣӺ˷ܵػ㱨
Ǻǣȷǻʶű̬ı飬ŷҹҲûһɡ
ٺ٣ʶɶҽǰһϴһŬģҲƢذڰ֡
ӣ㲻ʱԱҴһǰ;·ߣŷҹؿӡ
ǽţǹ˶ʲôõģôҲһ汳ġŶʹİɣ
ѽŷ
ôߴϵĿ꣬ŷҹԼһ˷ܶǵú°Ǵץ𡭡ӵץɣյͽܣ˵ĸܷˡ
ҴϿղŵ̺ڵӣҲǷϽŵġ
ʱԱϴҪӰӹ˾ҵǣ˷
ŷҹӻǶӰҵذ
԰˵ϴƲˣǲİ
ұ㻹㻹һ죿ŷҹʵ
ϴҵʲôˣһţķⶼŴΣҸϴɲΪǮ뵱ԱһΪ׷õ
˵ÿǳȷ൱ϲС
ŷҹһ򣺡һ죬Ա㵱ԱҪӲãֻҪŬԺһ涼пܣô
ˣֻҪϴ˵ģ㣡΢΢һüҲӦϴ˵ɣ׼ʲô
̫ˣƭһһΪֶһ


10 һ
ȽǮ⣬룬ʲôⱾǮС׬Ǯ࣡ŷҹصͷ⺢涮¶
һȴ׬ǮģǼԭͺ׬ǮǮ̫󣬱ǮСġ٣
ž
ͷϰһԱŷҹɫϷģЩԽԲܴ򣡡
Ҳ˵ЦԴżֿЦٵĻ治ңŶЩûǸ׿
ȵȣŶʲôŷҹִסʵ
ʲôУʲôֻйŽʲôģЩȽ٣ؼмңᱻӵúܲҵģӻ˻δͷȰˡ
Žŷҹ۾һ֪ĶŽĵ˵֣
ŷҹҲ֪һЩʶܶ˴һЩŶ̯ߵһЩСȻҴ˾ġõĻԵûϳĹǾʹ׬׬
ԼȻ竣ǴЩΪɵԼûһĲֵⶫû˻㱣ģҪ˼֪ĸ˭㰡
ڱĶ˵ŷҹڹŽȴžԵģŵĴȫǸصĶЩʶ͸ӡһ벻֪ˡ磬֮ϣϣû˱ǿ
ϴҪŶһۣɾöˡӾȵ
ϻ˵·
ʱ˾ͳ˳һС֣һЩƹӵСŶꡣ
ι֮ŷҹĿһ鿴ȥ⼣߰ߵĳϡ
ʲô
۹ãѽͷɴˡ
ϰҲᣬƤҲžžʮӣ޷ѽǰʲôţùôôֱѰն֮еս
ˣҲ˵Щ͸ңⶫǮŷҹһЦֹ˼ȥ顣
ǺǣҲǰ֮ˣ׻˵ʻŮԵˣȻˣһڼۡϰתת򣡡
ŷҹһƶᣬǸǮ෢ùĸַװײף׵ˣ˼һⶫ̫˲ϵء
ôȥһɾͲˣǰһסŷҹһӿҪΪȱ۶
ǿɲô˵ϰæͣ⽣ǡ
ϰ塣ŷҹ̧ʾԷҪ˵⽣ҪˣøҴۣ
ϴҪӵ߾ǿ
ӾϴǰȻǮҲǰôˣ
ɣɣϰһˣҲӣǮ˵㣬ʹһʹˣҾ͵һͷˣǴǮҪ
٣
ϰ壺
ĶǴ۰ŵƤˣ
پŰɣⶫ˭ȥƷվĻԱ߶Ц
ǸЦⶫôҲֵǧ顭ϰɼˡ
Ҳ𼱣ֵ˵öԣų֮⣬ῴһۣղعŽˣ˭ҲѿڼļֵûУٿ飬ȥҿŷҹоεһ۾Ϳϰԥ
ôҲټӵҲףܵոɱǮɣϰҧҧ
ⶫյȷʵǰʮ飬ΪܰѽŪǰѲнҲǮû뵽̫أͲܰѽγȫǿˣû˿
ò׵ȵңҲҪѶ֣Ȼȥֻˡ
ϻӣһٿǮӲǹٿҿˣģùȥҲͲƽˡŷҹȻ˵תſȥȿǰɣһٹ
ⶫҸϣмˣ͵ҸѣϰһҪߣæѽϻ鶼ݹȥ
ҪˣһʲôĵĶˣָأ⻹˵ɡ
˵Ҳ׬ٿ飬͵иǮôҲûǷǮˡ
٣ϴǲǿǽϻǸĹŶԲôõķһٰǶ̫ˡŽϻЦ
ϲ⽣ϻ͸ˣŷҹν˵Ҫľǰѽ
ϴ㡭ˡ
ؼҪʲôðǿ


11 Ŵӣ
ףˣŷҹҲ˵ŶԷ̡
ķıĶû⣬ѡȴʵġ
ЩīǺͼǧ飬Ҳŷҹֱüû취˭ڲȴǰأֻΣǺ
īֽɰӿŷҹѲɹһϵжϣɵɻ󣬡ϴҪѧʿ𣿡
ֻ¶һ룬ҪɲҪѧʿŷҹһˣգûŲ𣡡
۲ضŶԷĶ
ŷҹ΢΢Ŀ񣬴ֻʱ䣬ָ̧֣繳׽УմȾɰī΢΢һ֮󣬼Ѿó˳Ļֽϡ
ˢˢˢ
ˣ
ˢˢˢˢˢˢ

ӵ˼£ûЦ˵øƵģͿ
Ȼŷҹһ£ͻ΢磬Щ¶ҡһΡ
ʱѾģûпյЩȣһ̾͸оವ⣬ɱŰӴ˸
ȴؿŷҹĴҲԽԽΪԸоˣЩǴŷҹµıʼϴģһȦһȦɢϵؼӴǿȡ
գ
ʱŷҹͻȻһϺȣﲻתһ¶űʼӿȥ
ꡭ
Ӻ񿴵һâѸһžŷҹǰĻֽԷǺȴһ¶ϳ˼ء
ٿ֧ʣȻֻһΣϧˣŷҹ˳ְëӵͰһѺ̵ĻֽУû뵽ػ⽣ϢЩڳɹˣ
ԼҲһŷ䰡顭
ϡϴ㡭칦𣿡Ӻһֻͷ۵ĹһͰ͵˵
ⲻ칦ܣǡ͵칦ܰɣ
һͷߣ˵˸û˵ɶ
ֻҪŬҲһܴﵽ־磬ֻǸոŶѡŷҹϾͼһ䡣
ģҲѧֻ۾ð⡣
ոտûʲô߰һжİѧ˲Ǹһ
ʲôԱĲܱȵɾʣ
ǿǿƷҲǿ֮ǿ԰ɡŷҹѹһҲ˳ôѧѧ
ѧѧֻҪҪѧӰͷСһֺ¶յĻǲɵ𣬡ϴһղǸɣһ磬̫ˬˣ
磿ŷҹȻһЦ㿴ĻǱɽһǣҾ㿴Ż齣Ϣã
˵ţŷҹǰѸոķŽһ»ĽϢӡ
šʵҲûмʲôЧ

ͽ֮һ׹⣬Ȼͣȴʵ飬ʱ飬ʱ䶼ֹͣһ㡭
ֻ֮ĹâǿѾ׿潣ϻǶ״ˡ
ֻһ֮󣬹âҲ
Ȼ̶̵ֻʱ䣬ѾһһؿͷһؿôĶ
ŷҹҲ˴Žϻ֮ץȥ
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м׷䣬ĿɿڴעУŷҹӽϻóһѹµĳ
Բ̲ۡס˴ֿڡ
Ҳ̫˼ˣһȻգۼͱһѹµĳⲻɲеıʲô
ϴҲ̫ˣӼֱݵͶء
ǺǣⲻѽʵؾͲֻǱһֻʵĽʣڵ̫ãŻһ壬˭ҲβΪһŷҹֳֳĵظӽ͵
ϴôģ֮ǰһѵ͸ӣӸӾȵ
Ҳ͸ӣܸӦ˵⽣ϣҲܿ˵ĹжʱǼҵĽУֻһѿȥܹۣ⽣ʵʴ̶ȿҲȷһҵĹŽû齣ϢѽֳҹעԽϢȻͱڵӣǰҪʤ֡ŷҹָڽ֮ϻŽĲʣҲ̾
⽣ڹļ俴ҲֻǿϸѣҪŷҹ۹ֽĥ½˵ǿ̫࣬ڻ˲˲ٰ
ԭŷôȻȫףҲ֪ûŷĻ⽣ǾԲܱģϴҪô
ҪѧĻԺ͸Ҫϴ󣬰ҵʦôŷҹò֣صʵ
ã
ڱ˵ǰʦӰүүͲðأǸɵķһ
¾ͰŷҹķԸ˰ʦ
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ʦǽһж˰ӴС˵￴һɶͳɰǧˣȫ֣ǿǱҪˡ
һλһŷҹ
ǲĸˣеССвһ
ţǴӣ
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12 㲻
ں֮ڣյٶʲôã
ŷҹһԲѣǽԺǷչٴҲͽԲصģ뽣ǽУԺŵţòʦ˵ǲģһˣɾ鷳ˡ
ؼڵΪ̫ͰҪǸҲͲˣǹΪ͵ϮοԼء
ðɣʦڸô찡ǲҪ⽣ӱֱӵĸоŷЧõҲ
ţһЩ˾ɣûһϸļʦֻ»濴ѽ֮ŷҹ̾Ϣһ
ǡĩŷҹҵԨһ˾һƷŽҪ
ӴǵǸŮŷҹһ粻ͨˣ˿ҵذѳתʦ
ǡеϯʦҲڣǽͺͽʵعʱɵ̾һ
ѽܱӵãȷܳƵƷˣֻϧԶֻٶʱ䣬ȻĻֵͻˣɽӣָ̾ţͰӽȥɣûиʮҲⶫߣǺǣõĹŽղؽѵ֮ﰡ
ڶ죬ŷҹ˰ʱǰΪǣȻнʸ񣬶Ұ˾ĹأͬʱҲӵޱ֤ĵʸ
ȻҪˣ˶ǮĻǵƷҲҪ˾Ѻˡ
ʦ˵ǰѽĳʲôǮѾԼĽɫˡ
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ףʲôĶˣɱǸСȫߣ
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13 ĺ
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ǣŷҹЦ˵ϣƷֱǽϢĿǡ衢ģ߽Դ棬佣񣡡
ŲԵɫƷ˵ȷǿأѾû˵Ʒ˵ģҲȷԼſں˵
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ı˷ܵһŤͷŷҹɫƣæ
ҲҺԲû˭ע⵽ӵʧ̬
Ǯ˵򣬶˵ҪģŷҹʵҲ˵úܡ
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ŷҹ
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ʯһʯ״˼ּԢ⣬ҾղߵĽܣԼǵĲԣö¶ȵĻȥͼڻ޷ʯѾԶԶļ̺ȶˡ
ʦĽܣŷҹҲǿ鶫ȥĿ΢΢һУ֮һϲ
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14 ͽն
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ǳǸոǼ¡˾һҪƷУ͸λǹ˾ش׵

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ܶ˶ֻ֪Ųҹ˾ϯʦȴ֪ͬʱҲеĻϰ塣
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οŷҹܻܿһӴңܸǴϹϵ˵һԼûֵ̫ʯͷҪеһҵֵõġ
˻صŷҹӢ֮յԼĴס
ⶫȻ󣬵ǿϧڻûҲҪʱ򣬲Ԫ֮
ڲſأػŲСľأΪԼƱ飬Ҫٵȵ˵
ʦǮˣǲҪʼһ²õˣҪȥ̩ɽȰ߱飬ҸߵĵطŮ
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תͷԱһһԾֿȥϸ֦ͽ֡ն


15 ò˵
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ŷɽ˶һ£ʼȻУǹһСʱ֮󣬻һȻȻŵ
ŷɽҲŷҹȥȻҲš


16 Ů⵰
ŷҹҲһֱڿţԼһı£ôһɣ˸׵˵
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˺ŷҹֻܰʾԷҪƵ̫ڶûָоԺ˵С
ףŮڰʾѵŵܹݣҪҪأҪأǺҪأ
˵öԣ飬ǿ󣡡
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֮̾ͶŷҹȤʱ̴ŷҹȥһ档
ԼǹŽĻһܿһЩ
ǧǰŷҹŲ͵һ١
ǧǰǲʦʱ


17 Ѿ
ǰǰѽүүòˣƽʱҶһأ̿ŷҹرˣʱһϲ
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18 ӵ
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Ȱˣȥŷҹ鷳Ҳ٣Ͳ̿˭


19 ˭˭
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20 նĽ
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21 Ľ

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Ǻǡ⻰ǰŷҹ˵ЩΣղһץǰѶԷˣɲһŮţеŮӡ
𣿡̱⻰ǶһЦ
һЦŷҹ΢΢㶣񿴵һˮò˵С椶ʵ̫Ưˡ
٣㿴ʲôأŷҹԼ΢΢̡
ȴеСˣԼûе˵ղŻһںӡ
ŮǲϲһҲϣԷԼοεĽӴоŷҹһһֺĸо
ǶԷʧҲǱȻû˿ĸоеˡ
ѵеϲôܣ
̰뷨ˡŷҹøǰүһˣ¶һĹŽӦþԼȤԭɣ˵׻ΪѧĽ
Լǿһ£ڵӣҲǲġ
ŷҹعҲеڨڨģֻЦʲôҲû˵
Ҳ֣ǰŷҹôˣô϶ϲߣǿһᣬôڱ˵仰ˣ˼
Щ¶Ҳûдŷҹ͵Сſڡ
סŷҹеˡ
Ͳͨĵطǰֻ֪İܼӣҲ֪ס˶򵥣һЩǰϵģſڵıǹġ
Ŷ߲ӦýбЩӦһƺӦýо
ǰŷҹֻ֪һζŮģȻļûеһסҲ˵̼ȷһԼ϶ľԲ򵥡
Ǻǣǰŷҹ¶ȵı飬ƺеС⣬ΪڵŷҹǿĪӣı鶼ٳˣ㲻Ҫ춼ӣһŻ˿Ÿܶ¶ûʲô˵ġ
𣿡ŷҹ֪϶ΪԼΪƲ鲻ġ
ЩҲûͣһ㵹ƺе̫Щڻûʧ
ľԼͨģһѽԸ߹󡢰Եɱ˫ǾӦ֮ڲ֮䣬ȻԶ뽣ľľҪ
ͷһͨŷҹʱ֪ԼһֱȥΪ϶ܵӰ죬Ҫʮûдﵽأɾʹˣ
˵ĶԣôһźãŷҹͷֻȻʵЦлҲ
ôлңˬʵЦ
𣿸Էˡŷҹԭֻһ˵ǶԷȻҪˣҲûбʾ
ǺðɣҪݺݵسһ١
ʵ̸ŷҹԼŽ֪Ҫе̫ˣֻ˶Ρ


22 ǳҩ
ֻҪŷҹĹϵˣպָһЩԼĽûн
ôһСദǢȻ࣬˵֮ҲЩѹϵˡ
ʶ̣ŷҹҲǸһģûôѯʾͷ˽ȥ
СﶼһС㣬ÿһҶһСԺŷܿ˵СԺŻݻ߲֮ĶȻҲеֻһƬƺ
ʲôһжþм־÷񡣵棬Ҳܲµסŵ˵ˡ
үү㿴Ҵ˭ˣһСԺͳﺰ
һͷףͦúֱҲӲʵ˴ְ߳۾ӱժ˿˿ȻǺЦСɣǺǣҸ˵㵽
үүʲôСﰡŷҹһ죬֪Լǰڰְǰ˵¶˵Щ࣬ΪԼڸԷˣҶ˵ˣǸѽŷҹϴҸ˵ǸѧŽǸ
ǰŷҹǰֱȭһҾ
ʱרõһʽںܶ˶Ѿˡ
Ŷ̵үү̾һһƽٴشһŷҹתԼŮ˼ۣͻȻЦ˼˲˲𣬻Ҽ̵۹á
үү˵ʲôأ̶ʱһ߾˼Լŷҹһ
Ǻǣ˵ˣݰɣȡ˵۹һϣҲŷҹŮǰ˵ӵܣкŷҹڡ
ɲŸո˵仰ͻȻһΣûһҡҡüͷǽ𣬺˼һûڵϡ
үүæǰסëַˣǲǳҩˣ
¡˰֣ɫȻЩ԰ףǺѾûôʹˣҵ֪ЩҩһҲûС
ǰɡŷҹǰסʱҲ΢΢һƺʲôϤĶһ¡
ῴ̼еʡ
漴ЩȻˣүүĲ֪ĴרҡȽ鲻ʲôŷҹҽʲôģҲܱЩרҸϾŶôô߳ҽ
һҿҲ¡ŷҹƵĿ⣬ȴǺǺЦ
µòĻⲡ¼ҲֻΣʲôȽҽβˡ
ǾСŷһ°ɣҲûָŷҹκĲֻǿģķĺ⡣
ŷҹָ˵ϣ΢΢˫Ŀһʶ̽˶Է
˰յʱ䣬ͻȻһȻˣ
ʲôʲô˼̱ѾκϣͻȻôһ䣬æʵ˵үүĲ
νëʵֻǽſʼģÿʱںһĶĽ⣬ҪĴʵĸо
ʼʱֻǹһʱŻᷢһΣͻһΣڸÿ춼ĴΣҰŴʹѣεĸо˶Ҫһ㡣
Ϊ֪˶ٵҽҽҽûһܲκģⲡȴһأ¶Ĳѡ
ҲΪŷҹܿʲôû뵽ԷֻǴһ˵ԼѾ֪ˣҲЩ
ԼȻ˽⣬֪ٷչȥֻһߵͷˡһϣȻҲ
˵ǰղһǧǰĹŽ֪ܲóҿһ£ŷҹûлش̣ͻȻյ˽ϡ
΢΢ЩˣڿʱȴͻȻҪүүѽóģһͺҪЮ˼һȻˡ
Ҳһ㶣뵽ʲôɫһࣺԵȣ̰ϴҴ
ЩɻؿһүүЩҶӦǳ˹Ž֮⣬үүΪĶҲһڣû뵽Ȼдŷҹ
Ҳûʲôæȥ׼ˣֻ벻˼ұҪıƽүүƢѾҪˣôˡ
̾Ѿ˾µɰˮ뱭һ嵭ƢȻ
ŷҹһĶڽϣʱҲһ΢΢£ĿҲɵƵ˲豭Ƶˮϡ
ɫ裿
һ֮ƽûȻûɫֻɫѡ
ɫ̺֮ҲһķƷܱȵġƽ˺ǿ岻˵˺ˣΪҲŲСĺô
ȻЩΣҵĵطֻҪȵɫɫɫ軨ҩֱǴɺ󣬽ѵ鵤ҩ
뵽ŷҹֱղŻҪû뵽컹ջ
ȱľʵʱ䲻ˣÿЩľ˽⽣ľصܡҲЩŷԵżңȻŶίĴߣ˭֪ǻûиĸ֡
ǻд۷壬ߣԼڵʵʲôˣοίСȣ˵õ淨аϢϢǻĵ߿϶ҲֻЩԼûмѡ
һеһУھҪͻƾ磬ЩԱֶΡѭ򽥽겻ãֻܰĵȴͻƵ
ɫ裬ܱ֤ԼٶȽ׵ⲻò˵һԵͿԼܲܰˡ
ʲôɫ裿ƳŷҹһۣЩֵʵ裬Ķ˵ɫͨĲɫһôֻ㣬үүƽ᲻úأ
ŷҹֻЦͨ˵Ȼûа취֪ǽҲԼҲ˴мŻֲֻ֪ͨʶܡ̺֮ŵɫ
ɫ˵ʱҲɫȡɫ軨ҩȻƻҲǴʱָľѵҩ
ҵɫ裬ֻɫǼֱǱ
һڲ裬ʱǣȫϴˮһ㣬ޱȵ泩
ŷҹ̾ҩڵΪ˵ֱٺʲˣֻɫ裬ֻˮȣʵЩ˷ˣܰеҩȫӳ
ҲƷ裿̿ŷҹ̾ҡͷӣΪûȹôúȵĲҶû뵽صôǰ竵ӣһմһϵء
ǶһɣǺò裡ŷҹȷûȹֲ裬˵ûУҲˮȣ˷Ѱ
ϲһҷһЩҶ㣬ѵһʶͬˡ
˵ţѾɫ̴ľĽϻ˳Ц˵
ʱѾӸղŵʹ֮ȫֲָֹʱʹһαһأǵ֮ȫֻޱ̩ͨƺǰ״̬»Ҫһ


23 պ
ӸĽҲ֤ʵûκεĲһĺܣͨ˵һЩ⣬ϼҽסҪ̾Ľ״
ɾĥԽԽƵĹֲ͸Եˡ
ǾͶлǰŷҹҲܾ֮õĶҲʲô̬
ôͬѧҲ࣬Ҳһһǰţ͸һүүҲԵ׽һЩ˵۹ɲСŮܱȵģһ۾ܿǰ˾Բ򵥡
һ˿ԼҪôΪϳƱþҪôһζֺֻãǰҲǽС΢ġ
ŷҹ֮󣬳֮ŵĶԳӦĹ֮⣬˿аֵݵȣͲһӵеģԼһôʱҲȲ㡣
֪ǴʲôطɵģŷҹûнӶԷĻͷȴǰԼĵ˳
̲ᣬҪǱ˵Ļʹ˳˶ھͽˣСӾȻһʾҲûУֻŲ裬ǸľͷǺˣ
衭Щ΢΢ĲȻԼһС׽Ȼ׵˿յϣﵹǸӶСˣҴǰһսѣ֪ҺһڣҲ֪ĶŪļƷҶٲأһǲ
λսѽʲô֣ڻϵõ𣿡ɫ費ͨĶŷҹȻˣȻûзŹĵ
ŷҹ̵ĲȴԽԽأŷҹʵ̫ˣûмҸԼүүٸʵ׵أ㲻ǸүүǲʲĶɵĲ裬Ͳˣ
ŷҹһЦҲԼ̫ļ˵˼ǰ㿴Ĳض˵ҪϵλսѵĻ뾡˵һ£պ
㡭üֱҪˡ
үүʲôԼúܣ˵ŷҹֻһ㽣⵰ǰǼﻹԨʱҲ
ԼҲ⼸쿴ŷҹôŻԸû뵽ǰһᡣǰҪᣬ˶үүˡ
̱ˣСƢȴûŮ֣ŷҹɫҲαȻҲŶԷܻرԼʲôȴСӲ˵˵ҷϣЩ⣬ǲ㣬лᣬҰһ¡
лҾκĲŷҹվȥ
ûжȥ̽Է࣬һ֣ѽϻ򿪡
Ϣ˲ŷҹһʱȻضŽϻ֮С
ڶԷı֣Ҫ˵һѹŽ٣ǧʷҲ˼ģ⽣ȴڣһѶϽ֪Ϊʲôǰ˾Ȼ񿴵ʲôһ
ԷĹâȻֻܿǹâ֮£ƺһЩԼ²͸ĶһڿԼʧɢŻ߶һ޷ݵ顣
⽣Էþò˵Ҳֻܿһˡ
ѽ󣬲֪ǰ֪֪ŷҹֻǿŽϻȴûȥǰѴʱѾĶϽ
ѽҴӹŶԳʱļǮҲС˼ĽǺֵȷһǧʷĹŽֻ˵ǵǲϾЩ˭Ҳ˵һЩԱʶĹŽĹרҲܶڹŶЩ˵ģֻܵˡǰĿŷҹղŵĻƺ֪һЩ⽣Ƶġ
ʦŷұ֮̽һԻأŷҹʮ֣ص˵
ؽһȵ
̶ڹʱ֪Ĳ࣬ʷרŹ£ɱľɱ֪һЩġ
ǰһҲûУ˵ǽʲôּĶϽǰպյı
ôжؽأɻʵ
ôʣûлɶԷĳɷֻ֣ǵĺ档
ŷҹȴǿЦһֻ˵Ҿ֪
ܸԷ˵⽣ʦʦģ
ţţ
С̵õôһ𰸣ȻŷҹмֺøУҲסҪһ¡
̡ȴֵغŮһҵĲѵѽʲôϵ
ŷҹ͵ؿһ۶Էֻð⽣óԷѾµйأûв´Ļǰʱÿʱʹ𽥱֮ԽԽأҲƵ
Ҳ˲ȥŷҹſں˵ˣүүĲȻúܣ˵һʲôϵ
ǰӦ÷ǳϲѽһҪһ䣬ܷ⽣øҡŷҹ˵Уֻܸ鷳
㡭ô˵֮ǰŷҹ˵ֻЩڼֱˣǳ¹¹в
Ȼ˵ʲôΪһҪǶԷεúүүĲǸһѽҲֵõģǶԷǿȵ̬ȴǳ⡣
õǰѽҲӦõȵүүĲκ֮ٺúÿǺʲôвȣ
̣ȵһȴֱסЩụ̆ʾȥϢһ£ЩҪŷҹ˵һ¡
ȻЩԸҲûΥүүķԸŷҹһۣͻԼķ䡣
С㲻øһʶǺЦܸңΪʲô˿ѽ𣿾ؽҲϾֻһѶϽӦÿеĲֻؽĹ°ɣ
ǰ˵ǣҪؽȷԭ򣬵ǡŷҹҲǱǸһЦˡҲܸ㡣
ҲɵЩΣû뵽ԼѾʾ㹻⣬ԷҲûлشͻָϣʵҲ˵ˣһԻĽֻϧһֱûеõ洫ҲµòѽǲҲ̲ŹŽܣܷõ֮Ҳһ֪㲻ȸβǲҪЮԲβ֮ǰ̸ǱĶϲҲûʲô᲻ãǸйأʵҪ֮ǰʵôһԸ֪ܴܲӦң
ŷҹɵú̾ؿ˿˶ԽѾԵֵزֲܴؽõһƽ
˵Ժչŵѡ̺˶Ӻʣ˽ľŵˡŷҹ뷨˸ı䣬Ϊûд֮ǰѽű¶ڱǰˣҶԷҲʵ̫󣬾ͽܣܵӰ죬ľҲ֪ء
ҪЩҩͺˣֻҪ㹻϶պһѵߡ


24 ҩ
ҩ
ŷҹͻȻǰһĿ䵽ϵϡ
ԭΪѾʲôĵرǼȻɫ裬Ҳһҵ
ֻҪҵѾ˫ɫ꣬üֶɫҲܰľ籣һʮ϶ûʲôġ
ѽȷǱֻʲôŽŷҹ뵽ﵭһЦȻһѧŽҲԸֻ֪ŽӲ⴫ѧҪʦ
ȻȻ֪ǰ䣬ѾЩʧһ䣬۶̱
ͽʦǲУɰ˭ΪʦҪŷҹʦУҪǰŷҹĻ˵УֻǶԷôСжٵı̣ܽ
ʦѾˣҪѧֻܰΪʦŷҹԷЩɵĿ⣬֪ЩʲôˣȸڵĽ֮㲻룬Ǿ͵û˵ֻؽԺҪӡӴ㣬⽣֮壬ûеķͻٴη
ؽǰŷҹˣһѾüĿٽ𣿿ҲûʲôѵģҰѾŰһҵŰɣ
΢΢ſڣԼķԭΪѹŽ
ʱŷҹ̽뽣ϻסؽ˳
ˡ
ЩŵؿԼεĹŽʱȻͨһţ˶ίĺӣڸԼĵ߿һ
ۿġһѽ߿ࣿ˵⻰˦ӡ
ۣǽ΢΢ţԼﲻ뵽ڿߣȫһûɵŪô¡
أҲԶһѶϽ¾ֻ֮Ҫ֮ĻڣպһΪܽŷҹָḧŽڰ齣
ֻ۾ɵúһˣΪȵؿŷҹ˵⼸仰֮ǽ̾ͲٲԼ֮УһϲӦͶԷĳŵ
찡ѹŽôãûⳡֱǡɾ˰
ЩʱֻŷҹָҧƣָϴѪҺڶϽѸٻʲô
վϸ;عһ磬ӽϷȻҫۣȴ˿С
ŹâѪһɶûгֹһٿǰѺĹŽʱѾù¡ѽ͸һ;Ϣøܵ˽ϵĺ⡣
˵ǰһĻпŷҹԼѧ֮ĹĹһĻ̫ˣħǶǼٵģǰѽȴҲڶģ
һӣһζЩԼ۾ˡ
ѾˣղԼԥʲô̾ʹӦŷҹΪʦûûУ
ȻһֱᷳЩСĵӰһ䣬һѵİʦǰûȥϧٸһλĻһ˵ʦԸ⣬ԸⰡ
ŷҹʱ˵ǰκò˵ỹеġ
ڣͿŷҹϽһӣѸޱȵ˹ȥ

һֱ͵̸˵ŷҹôβţʹŷ￴⾪˵һĻ
һӾɵˣô£ǲӦѽҲɣѵҪɱ
ټҲһεľ룬˵ŷҹĽòһҲһǶԷĶ֣ŵʱ̣ȻֻܴؿŽүүȥ
ȻʹˣһݺҲһֱû֣Ӧеġ
ŷҹͻȻһ¶֣Ҳ˲תǧٸͷҲ׶ԷΪʲôôǲôҪȱ˵ܷӦؾȥ
Ѿܴ󣬵һԾΣ֮䣬ȻѰûԶҪ졣
ȻûӦЧΪոؾͿŷҹĽѾǰ
Σ֮£æһץؽһѼ̵Ķ̽οڻһѶϽȥץŷҹ󣬱𳤱˵¸׳ɹ
ۿҪ֣ŷҹĶϽȴһתһ
ɱģһץ˶ϽϣѪ˳Ž¡
̴ʱѾӦҪܹæͿŷҹѾʳָһֱѸص˼£΢һŶԷֱһ·ָ⴦
оһɱ֮Ӽ򴦣һ·ŷҹָȥףԭŷҹҪڸβΪÿΰĥʹ಻ģ׽Ūı֮
ſүү
ŷҹѱĽ֮ؽԼһؼʱ̣жϾֻһˣһЧȴδܺõˣΪѾ֪Լûɱģֵʱδؾƽ
֮Ҫô鷳ͨ͵ϮԼڵĽ֮ҲΪΪſأתֻϢûа취ǿаѽ֮
֮ҲǴڵʱ򣬾ͿֱˣҪ೤ʱ䣬˭Ҳ˵׼
÷ѾߣֳֽŽ֮һӣȻûд̴ˣֻҪˣ˽֮ա
̿ŷҹȻӳһƣæ㣬ﵣүү⣬Ȼ˿ˣѸٵǰ
ŷҹΪʶ֮㹻׾ٰ̻˶ڵʶ֮Ž֮ں̵ֻʽͱˡ
һûаѶԷˣŷҹһӿ˽֮գһһ䣬ָٴηס̵ȥ·
Ҳû뵽ŷҹı仯֮죬ûб任Ȼһָš
ۿŶԷȻջָ˼ûУŭӣץסŷҹһҧȥ
ŷҹһϢңҲûа취ֻ̾һջ
Ťͷ̣ŶԷǰ·ңոָϵĴУʶΪʲôŭؿԼˡ
һŷҹҲеΣȻģǱϾռ˼ŮıˣӦæѻתͷ˵ոս֮ʱϣҵΪûа취һΣڵĽ֮Ѿʮȥ߰ˣʱӦûʲôˣ㹻ʵʱٰʣĽ֮
⻰һ£ԭղԼŪˣŷҹȻǸˣղβһΪԼġҡүүĲûбκãһЩ£֪ôźá


25 ҵĹ
Ϣһ£ܲټ
ĵĵȻүүĲԼռ˵¶Ҳˡ
㲻ףүүڵĽ֮ڵϢģֻΣʱԼǿһΧҲлƽַֻ֮һΣڶΡ
ŷҹƲƲ죬ôҲҪɱģûе£ȫû֮֮࣬ڲ⡣
үүҡίҪˡ
ΪүүΣգһȴ³çֻһεĻˡ
ɵӣûŷ˵𣬵ΪٸһЩүүĲͻˡȴǿúܿһоǸԵ˵Լֲûˡ
ˣûбˣܰүүβģԨҲкܶʦͻȻ뵽˺ܶԡ
ûõģʦŷҹһʦҲֻǸڼҹߣߣòһΣǱڸ߳Ļ۷壬⽣֮Щ˶ϹԵ죬ҵǡ
̲ʶԼ˶ĻڵöҪײǽˡ
ŷԸΪʦ֪֮ܲˣ˼ȫԼĲϣ֣صŷҹ˵
үүôܹھμϢһʱҲˡ
үүһʮ˰Ȼǰְλߣںܶ൱еλģҪȻҲܹס
Լ¸صүүȻҪŷҹΪʦʵ̫ûˣǶԷ涮ùŽֻһЩҲڷҪΪʦɣ
ûпոŷҹѪƽķḶ́Ȼ׳˵˼
һҲǼٵ棬ʲôɽѪҲǴдǰӵеһУȴδδŵģ߸ǰĺ֪ܶ
֪Ŵǰĺܶഫ˵ģԷԼǰʩչЩȻҲԼĻԵܰסǿǴ壬ûˡ
λʲôʲôҪ׷ĿܲǹŽһ֪ʲôǴŷҹϣܸоһԼΪ֮Լѡ񲻻
ŷҹŶԷеĿ⣬ȴ΢΢ҡͷҸһᡭ
һ󼱣˼˵ԼˣҲԼŮǰ¾Ҫȥ
ŷҹæȷסҲգĵķϣҾʱӡ
лʦٴҪ°ݡ
ŷҹֻǻסں񣬶ǰҲҪἰǵĹϵҲ뱻̫˹ע
ǣˣϵͷ
Ҫ˿һ˱ϹϾ벻˹עǾܵġ
ҪôƺʦҲЩΪѣȻԼ˶ԷҪ֣ʦҲ˵ģֱܲʦְɡ
ͽŷɣŷҹ£Ҳֻôˡ
ǡһתͷỤֵ̊ݼʦү
Ŀɿڴؿүүٿŷҹ֮ǰ˵ԼŲҪŷҹΪʦҪСһڿɺãȷʵûбŷҹСһСˡ
Ҳɫ΢죬Ϲȥ
֮ǰΪŷҹԼ˼ھȻһӳԼĳԣ
⺢ӣôô˵Ѿ˵ŭҲ
ҡһίүүɴûжڼԼھȻΪŷҹôܺܵˡ
ˣҵҲֻǼǸԵ֣Ⱳ֡ŷҹ̿ҪˣæȰסԹֱͷѼҷó˵ҸҲͬѧӲһı֣պҶΡ
̺ݺݰŷҹһۣ֪λҪʲô֣Ȼүү˵ӣʲôˣ
ǷҪֲɣôأ˵˭˵ԼҪһӼӰŷҹһı£ҪŬţҲ̫û׷ˣŷҹ˵˵ͬѧϵͷȴһ
ѵʦѾͷˣͷﰵ롣
ŷҹȻ´󣬵Ͳ󣬸ԼŮ࣬ǿ˵֮ı֣˵׼ô¶
˵ԼСŮؼңξȻŷҹ㹻ֳС˼ˡҪŮݼˣȷʵǻΡ
ͨЩ֮ͷЦЦǾͰʦ˵İɣǺǣʵɣҲϹŶǸ۸ġ
ŷҹͻȻת˵ۣϾʲôˣǣȻΪԼŮˣˣ¶ҲȥͣҲȷʵǹȿȡ
˵ˣҲȷʵŵʲôȴ󽲾̸ԼûʲôѪԵϵԺүүĳƺһ¾ˣ
˵вٵĲ׵Ƕ˵Ͳ¶
ͺĳĴҪɱˣǶǲԭµˣʮϰǧˣҲû˭ȥ٣ǸͲһ飬Ͳһ׹ȥԼ
ˣֽ˳ŷҹҲеʣԷѾͷ׵ߣԼǸոնʮˣô˵ôоŤˣԺǽϰɣƺֻǸţûʲôɻ䡣
ǣŷʲôԸ˵ԨһЩʵܰæĵطܿڡ˿ɲǼģĹڶԷڽ֮ʱ򣬾Ѿ֮ˣҪȻҲᵱͰʦ
ңǸԨϼʲôϵŷҹʵ
ĶŪĵСҵ˵ʱҲ΢΢ЦЦӵǱȽġ
Ǻǣԭ벻ֱ̻ǰȻ֪ôһ˵ŷҹҲеˡ
ϼſɲŷҺż֣ȽŷҶֻǱȴʵҵ壬ܸģҲֻкǿżͬ治ͬڵһϣǶǼĻ̣Ȼȵġ
ЩӴƺʲô¶ֻôСҵҪ֪ⶼСĻԨûдˡ
ҵĹأѾּ֮⣬ӵܣһɶ׼ҵƣǾѧҲ͸¶ԼϼŵĹϵҲᶯʲôȥʲôϻص
Ҵģּҹ棬ŷҹ߿һۡ
ǣǺҶġ̹ȻЦ£Ȼ̣ǺҲǵõһЩӰʱ˥ʱҽֹͶأҲº̫࣬Ѻúõļҵˡ


26 ŷҹô
ŷҹͷӵټϼţҪ˵ǶһҲԨ𣬵ݵˣڿԼı֮󣬵һʱ뵽ĲҲȥѹȣҴʼնûжͷ˼ֺø
ʵҲǲֻһۿŷҹʱ򣬾֪һԼˣĿȻΪȲŷҹʶ֮ȴһҲϲֵ᷸ͼĴ
ţϣǾ;Ǹսϵһ£֪Ǵʲôطɵģʱص㣬ԽϸԽáŷҹ˶ԷһۣܵõĻһ֮ڣҾаմﵽڣϵĽֻ֮Ҫƽ֮ˣҪﵽڵľҲúܡ
ģһζõĶ
ǺǣֻҪ˵ĻһŷҹһֵȥһżңҿǾȻί˽һ˵ʲôڣҿ˶żҵүҲô¶еΣ㰲ȥǣʲôĶ̾͵绰ҡ
ŷģһᾡ£ǹĽ飬ֻҪ֪϶طʵңǸСżҡ˵żҵʱĿⶼһЩȻίϵĻŷ˵Ҳһ취ʰǡ
ŷҹı֪ڶίĳЩˣԼҪ˵ڵʱ򣬻Щ˽֣ЩģΨһȱľֺϢǡܰæ
ֻҪǸίڵĶ򣬵Ϊһ̾ȥ̽аϢˡ
ŷҹһôûôɸ˹
ĿһɨȴǰؽڽϻУ̾ʹһԾ
ʦŷѽ߰
ЦʦϵĽԼ˵Ų
˵һѽˣǰϼŶ͸û⡣
ʲôȲ˵ǵƾ֮ԼһǾͲʲôܻġ
үүŷҹô㶼ˣҺûӰ̿үүͰ͵ذѽͳȥһһЦǺǵģеơ
ɵѾͷһҪŷҹùϵҿ㣬Ǻǣô˼ЦҲȤԼŮ˵
үү˵ʲôأҲſأǰǸӵܣ֣ӣûػص
ǰʲôҲ֪ڵŷԲġŮͷѾͷ㻹ǵүүǰ˵ң쾩ҵķ֧쾩ǵļÿһص֧šû´ŷˣܸоõŷеĶԱ쾩ЩĶҪǿ󣡡
үү˵ǡߣ̵ɴ۾
үүǰֻһֱΪЩǴ˵͹£ģٴʱ򣬲֪Щԭȷ˵ġ
ֻǸոҿŷֶΣƺù仹ֱܽͣǡɵֶΣû˵𣬴塢񾳽磬˵ֻ֮о죬˵ĲȫһǲôŷĹֻǿȹԨңҪ쾩һΪĴ壬ֻҲӵǿߣпʵ֡죬ڴһ٣ҪǣүүһӶ̤һ·ֱڲлᣬүүŹֻһĻҲᡣ
үү֪쾩ˣΪʲôȥҪŷҹŶͰ̻Щ⡣
ԼǴǵɹүүȻ֪ģΪʲôڲŰŷҹΪʦȥ쾩أҲһ
ߣ쾩ҸԨʮǰѾûκιϵүүҲھӪ֮дһֻϧ컯Ūˣһֻ˳ȻõһЩȴ쾩ҵﱬһŻ⣬ʮǰҲȥҹ쾩ңʾԸ»ع쾩һҪһ֧ӵܣһѧϰ书ϧ
أǰ˵ҲǸǲͬ𣿡̾ʶͬ϶ҲָЩ˵еϣǲҲǹ䰡
ǺǣѾͷҲѧþˣȷǲͬĲǹ䣬ֶûа취ڸүүһŷһٴˡĿ֮οڻǴģȻѾǳĺ֮꣬ţһжֻһʼŷȻᣬһıɲ⣬¾д䲻ȣҲƽģ嵱Ҳﲻ̶ֳȣӵܵһ
ҡԥһ£Ų˼˵֮ǰŷҹҪҵͽܣҡûӦ
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ҸŷҹŽϻ˷ֱܼ
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ʦļ˵ľҲҪһվŰͨľĽֻ֮ܰѽľ߾磬ﵽԲ
ҽȻףҵˣͻиģһǴ
ʯլаƽ
ŷҹ·һСͬڵʱ򣬿˿С᳨ţżʮɫʯͷ߶ϻɢŶѷʮѳ
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ЩʯϣһǴڳı߽ϣ˵Ǳ߽ʵҲ㣬ΪϾʯͷȷû񣬲Żᱻ˷ŵ
ŷҹߵʱȴͣ½ŲЩ֮УȻ͸ŲСԡ
ӦðЩʯͷôô͸أ
ӴλҪ񰡣ЩǴϺõġǸʮüĿСˣһͣϾͿڴڨ
ʯͷŷҹ˵͸һжϡ
ٺ٣˵ʯͷҲԣɱϾմԲǣɫˮͷڨڨЦЦľⶫҲ˵Ҹ˵һڵܣʯͷլ棬ǿլаѡʲôħֶ˱ᣬ⻰ϱӴġ
Ҫ˵լʯȷôһ˵ǶǷˮһģŷҹȴҲ⡣
ʯͷô
һһǧ壬ҪҪöĻŻݣʮ
ʯͷһԷ˵ϵЦø


27 һʯͷ
Ǻǣһ񶼲ʯͷ͸һǧ壬۸񿪵ÿǵȥˣҳɵǮ̵ǰɣŷҹЦһ
ҪܸоЩʯͷһ͸⼸ʮʯͷӵһҲǧѿǮ¶ұϴǰ
ǺǣǸΪۼҵƷʡ֪Լʧ㣬Ϊŷҹһװ϶ǸǮ˼ҲĴүȻҪ쿪ˣһҲԣǮ˼ҵģ˭ܿʯͷôҲŪĺɣȻҲмңҲͲˣղȷʵеߣôŰɣҪҪĻҸһ壬Ǻǣɾûƭӣֵۡ
£ϵĶȫҪˣܹһ飬еĻͳɽɵĻתߣŷҹһۣ˵
һ򣿡һϲܹҲʮʯŷҹµҲܹŻ˲һǧǮһȻռ˴ˣϣмңҾ͵ǿ׬ߺˡ
˵˾Ҫѳʮѳû־ͱŷҹס
˵ǳϵĶȫ㣬Щ϶Ҳ⳵ϵġ
ǡǿɲУˣһѽ٣ʮѽСѿ飬϶СС۾æ֣һԿϵϸɵӡ
ǺǣһֹòŵĽҲǰʮһѣʮѽһܼ۲ǧһʯͷҲֵǧǮⶼǸ㶥ļۡŷҹһӣѳϵĶָһ飬ҰѶļ۸㷭һҪǻĻЩɣҲ㻹һȫ˵ˡ
˵ҲԷ£̧ȾͳԶȥ
߰Ķҿͼȥٺ١С۾֪׬ò̫࣬Ǻڸɴ֮󣬶˵Ҳ㲻ϳԿĶܰŷҹôˡ
ǸʯͷС۾УŷҹҲʼԺæǰСʱ֮ɫе
ԭΪЩʯͷɢ϶вһʯÿһʯͷȴָûеʯ
԰
ŷҹ벻ףûʯǴĶأ
֮ǰ϶Щʯͷ֮һʯѡǱ˿ŵԲŻ۰ôʯͷ
û뵽˸ۣ˵ʯʯëš
ԡŷҹ˼һ飬ûʯЩʯͷΪʲô̺
ȻܵҲƾ޹ʾͻԼ
ʱǸС۾˵ЩǴڳģ϶Ǹʲô̺ž޴ĶĻԱ߶ʯͷȾǳڽȾĽ
ϧǸһѾˣԼǵҪУȻ̺ž޴ıͲ֪ɵ˭ˡŷҹЩڶûа˵ĵ绰¡
ǿʯ̺ž޴ĻպԼжİԼΪߣʯһõĹͷֶΡ
ŵĵ伮֮УҩٵƷһӦȫֻǴʦݳ֣ŵֶΪ֪
ٺ٣Щʯͷô˵ҲŲСòһ
ŷҹһЩʯͷλֱ˷ݵܣһ׺ͽڼҲͶһصıϡ
벼һ΢ͼľͻӿһЩǺ뻹ˣڵΪſ˴صĵزþе˷ѣԼڵΪΪ˱ĸǾͲˡ
˭ֻԼʵһ̶ȵʱ򣬵͵һЩܹûʲô˭֪Щ񾳵߶ʲôطء
Сҹ㡭ʲôǼҶ˰
һʯʱŷٻ߳ԺһƬǽ壬ЩЦá
ʱѾʮ㣬ҹʱ򣬵ܾܵȻѼﶼҪһˣⲻëô
Ҳ֪ڵĵֶܵκܶ࣬˵ŪʲôŹֶˡ
٣ҽŪһЩĶլаǺǡŷҹٺ׽ٵĿɲֻаȶѡ
լаŷٻ˵ҲֻЦЦˣŪɣɱۼҵķӸ˾ͺá
ˣϴҩӦûûðɣŷҹʵ
ķϿҩ˵ȥһӦûҩûõġǴ徳أõؽս֮֮󣬿϶ܴﵽ۷壬ҩӦϾͻƵصľ硣
Ǹŷٻһ±Σ΢΢˼˵ٸɣʱֻһ
ãǸҩָ˵һ¾ͺã˼ңȻղҪĶŷҹҪһҩû뵽ҩҲôѡ
ȻҲ˼ҩ꣬˭ҪĶôΣʲôǣѩΣꡭ
˵еĶҩû֣ҪݵҩģǿҲǿģĸаݵ˲ΣǶǵҩߣһţŷҹһҩֽǡꡱ˼ҩĻûаֱӵӸѾǺְҵˡ
ŷٻոհҩ˵ͿŷҹüëͻȻһ塣
㣬㵽ţһҪһûʲô¶ĻҪҡ
ʶ֮ʦȻڵΪҲܲΧ֮ڵ춯ովȻǷҪ͵͵Ծŷң߲ư
ŷٻȻ֣Ҳ̾תˡ
벻컹ŮˣûĵĻ˵ǲСһЩӲĿż̬ŷٻʧſڿȥ
һûȥ㣬ǾѾԼˣŷҹɨһۣһǰʱܵǸϡ
Сӣһͨˣϣһͨ˶ɱˣȻҪԶ֣ŷҹ֮̾ͱЩŭԹ
һСӺЩŹ֣һĳֹķԡԡϵɫЩѿƺǸһȰˡ
ûϵҼǸŮ˵ķϣһԭʧġһﳯŷҹȥǸŮļ˰ɣģһɱ֮һúܴί˵ǿ׳ģ
һίصߣ͸ҵҵǰȻˣͲˣҵؽɣŷҹɫ䣬˵ԶίûкøУκ˸Ұ˵ͷŹԷ
ԼȻأʿҪ߳٣־ҲǸոѣؽ£ûؽȹ۷徳磬δؾͲսʤίˣ
㾹Ȼܿ͸ҵΪſںҲ³ģ
һС۾Ƕŷҹܿ͸ԼΪеɵôԷһûκͨˣ˵ʲô㶼ҪҶίǰһеˣֻ·һ
˵֮ѾĶίһƵаϢӵɢ˳


28 նа
ţ
ŷҹо˽ϻ֮еؽ΢΢һ£ƺǸоʲôѵϢǡ
סأָڽϸأع齣ŵʱֻϧɱί㣡
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һѶϽô֣صţ⻭˾еЦǴ˿̿ȴеЦΪǶѾо˺⡣
СӣȥɣһҲ룬̾˫յ岽ǰ
ò˵ѾٶȺǿɹֻۣ֮䣬׵ľѾһ롣
ֻϧҲǰһֻоؽϳһȻͻȻ֮䣬Χһжˣҹȴ͵ؾͬ׹˱һ㣬ϢڹƤһ
ش˸һ֪򵥣Ѿصľ磬ΧĻı䣬ҲܵôӰ죬ȻҪܵĳ嶯
ߣڲҪôˣȻˣ°ɣŷҹ˫潣аһ
ಡ
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̧ˣͻȻһգͷʱֻոջĶίһԸ첲˵ϡ
ҵʹдгѾһ˲䴩һҽҲ⽣Զطӡ˺
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ˢ
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˵ʲôΪʲôаϢǵԨĿʲôŷҹɲΪЩ˽ΪǿԼԴ׵ġ
żҵıڡϻæ
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ȻˣŷҹüЩвɸ˵ܣȻʿ
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ŷҹ׼ҪʰһŷɽŷٻȴǴڳ
ҲûмģǱǰѪȳ𾪵ˡǷᣬҪİ
Сҹǳʲô£ôŷɽԼĶӻƾ޹ʵȥɱˡ
ǶίˣʱǿҴܣϾɱҡŷҹ֪պܻܶ࣬ܶżˡ
żңżңŷҶѾǸƲǻôŷٻһżйأߵǰˡ
Щȷһ£ô죿»д鷳ŷɽ׾࣬뵽Ĺؼ
£а취
ŷҹӷֽóһ
Ϊֻͣܽˡ
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ŷٻЩãȻùǵɻؿ˿ŷҹȻ˵ĻѾ͸ļһȥ

һһ˲Ͱѵϵ˰ֻʱ䣬Ͼֻʣһѻҽ
Ѿ˼׼ŷٻǱǰˡ
Ǻǣþȣʦ̸ҵĶô档ŷҹЦЦһһһЩֶһЩҲԺ϶в˻ǵ鷳ЩǱزٵķֶΡ
ŷɽŮǵ˵ͷŷҹǵľʵ̫ˣǶš
ŷҹΪƷĻеǺڸո˼ʯͷЩʯͷȻʯҲſԲϢ
صѾŷҹѣɵõؽǰڼﲼ˽󣬽Ҫصֺãеס
˵һΣѱеڶΣ˭Ҳ֪ϵıһʲôı֯ò㣬Ҫ취һЩԱֶΡ
ҪΪһҪƳǴ۷ˣҲһɱһƬײ
æһҹʱŷҹѼʯͷĸɾڻʮȻ󣬵ǶԸһĹߣǴ´ġ
ǲСĵĻɱҲһҲϡ档
ѷŷٻϣָǽһʹõķš
ҪȥҩΪԽԽãɲôص˹鷳ΪһЩԨﻹжίЩɱ֣һһȥȫǣЩв˵ĶΧš
ûãֻۺ룬Ȼյļġ
ʲô£
ŷҲ飬ѾϢˣŷƲ飬ŷ֮ǰĳżŲСĹϵĿǰ鲻ʲôȷ֤˵֮ЩǸ⡣
ùǣżһҵô̵ʱ֮ھͲ鵽ôණѾŷҹЩˣԨҵҲȷʵǲСǵߺϢԼ֪ͨ˶ٱǸί˵ı鵽𣿡
Ǹ˽ϣıûʲôɵĵطҵõϢ˵вٵĶίߣԲͬ;׷׻쵽ԨһЩļߵڣ߳˹˾Ա˵ʱҲһ˿أŷҹ飬˵ԨһЩӣڸոҸ绰ʱϢʾЩͻȻ˶ί֪ʲôʱı˼ƻȫԨߣǸϣҵĽȥһίˣ֮ȴһʧ٣һ˹ע١
ǸϲùˣѾٳˡŷҹһ£עԨڶί˵ĶֻҪٽ붫ίķΧ֪ͨңݺ;ģǷ;
ףѾȥҸصһЩȫҲкҲӵġȻǸϿ϶òˡ
˵绰ҲһꡣҲǴս֮ϴˣ˵ҲȣοǻԴıʣвŷҹȫˣǷŵϣҲһ
֮Ǿ£õϢ˵ϻҲǼ򵥵ٵû߶ԶѾ˸˦ˡ²Է϶ҲǸߣڻĹһҵȼӦҲ͡


29 ûǮ
ɾˣŷҹȻ赭дþ͸ˣûʱ֪Լǵ͹Լʦı¡
ָϽ˵绰ιԨò£ߵҵĺͷˡ
ŷҹЩ֮ﵹǷ˼ЩίΪʲô뿪ģֻҪٸһʱ䣬ΪضٽһڵʱսɲܱȵˣټϷؽĸŷҹֻҪԷûڵǿߣԼӦù
ȻֻǴ徳Ӽõǿս飬Ǵ۷ʱԼҲֻܹԼá
ŷҹȱľʱԴ˵ĵʮ꣬ûҩ£㹻ԴһΪòڿһж̫ʵһҩңֻʱһЩҩпˡ
ڶ˵㹻ʱҪģίԼ˵вʱʱĲҲ˲١
Ʋʱʩչ˼ֵ鶯ҪѲӷͨ˵ĳ̶ȣǺܶ˶ΪҪĸо
ףôҩǰΧôˣŷҹս˵ĵַǼҽСáҩǰʱԶͿΧȺ
ŷҹӡƺôΧſģһʲôƵǣǳʲô¹ˣҩǰΧôˣȻߵĿԸһЩ
߽֮ŷ֣ԼǴشˡ
ֻҩǰͣһܳڳ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ǰⶫӦ൱ֵǮǰ750ҪֵǮöࡣ
ʱǳӳǰλȻһʺõ廨
ڳӵԱ߶һװĵı߸ߣͷ΢΢ƺеѪĿˣһ΢ЦŴҩĴţƺڵſŵĵһʱͽȥ
һĻֵϱǮˣͷֻҪǮûݲ椶
õ廨ֵǮû˼ҿʲô𣿲˵ģ⳵·һ֪ͣжٵĴСϱԴꡭ
ΪŮ˿еĶǮ𣿡ĳ۾ﷺСǵŮǿƷǿе׬Ǯ˧磬ǺϸӰѳԸӰòá
ޣ˭֪ԼǵӾͲôק
Уиõò˼бҸõôһ
ȥꡭĳֱذˡ
ŷҹҲǺЦԭĳЩҲƾ¡ҵİػǳʶˡ
ǰҲǸӵܣĺöе죬ʱԱ߶ҲôֻۣԼѡ
߶۵𾢣õľź
ŵĵԱûѹѹΧȺŵõһӣΪǵҵĸϵġ˼ҴСŶѰ¶ء
ŮҲ飬һۿſվŵ˭ʱһ˺һ褽㣬Ǹˣ
˵ǸѪһֳۣ˺Ҫҩľ͵߶úţһҪңҲҩľͲҪſΧˣҪӰ⡣
СѾͷ𿴸ͷ󣬵ɤŶȴúܣɤ˵ּֿƫƫÿֶ
߰˸˾ǰҪȥúŶ
ССҩ⻹ڱ򲻵ҩ䵽ҲǸżȻŷҹ߶
˼λС׵ӣϣλܸһӣҪǣλҪĻԵǸѪӵˣҪúŶ˵
٣ˣģֲ㡣һЩ˵⿴¶ĶϵģٱҲܷǿ
Ҳ֪λЩ鷳ֻǽӶ˵ǳҪ褵Ը˽⣬˿Ļ϶ʱ䣬ҲǵĶ类˴ţԾλ¡ַǰ΢΢Եʿʮ㡣
˵껰ʱ̾мӵˣ첽ǰȥÿһ
˵ͳ鿪ȻʮŴƱ
СǮ
ֳһƬ
һǧȻǴĿÿ˸һǧ龹ȻֻΪ˽첻ԼðŮףͲò˵Ǹֱˡ
ֳö඼ϧղôԼûǰһҲ˵ʲôģ׵һǧ鵽֡
ôҲĶģ̾ǰȥ
ľͱ˵ֱһǧˡ
Ա߶ΧſүǶǶˣɵǮ࣬ҪײҪ󲿷ֶһѷ伷ǰȥ
ǸƻѪֻԱ΢Цؿţ֪ҲգȫȻһƵӣȻûаСǮȻĿҲǲԼϲŮǰƻ
һֱ˴źֵʱıɫ˺һɤӣ
ǮҲ֪Լû˼ţԼ˳ȥ
ǰ֮ʣµҲٵǮ֮󣬾ͶֻصԭΧ۵ĵطſ⸻ôҩŮµġ
ӵ׷˭ộ
㶼֪ýֺͷ붼ܲµˣҩÿģȻǵˣСģøһö˻ûҩ⿴һۣѾһˡ
˵˻ɰһ۾ܰ˲ˣ
ǣ㻹զģ˵öСûģҲװһƣǿһ۵Ȼͺˣ
ŷҹԱ߶Ҳϸ벻ҩĵȻһŮ˼Ҳ󲻵ĶȥҽҲǺܲӣ⵹Ҳ˼Ȥ
ͷҽû䣬ѧҽ٣ѧҽŮ٣ܰҽѧԸ˿ץҩõڱŮǼֱǷëˡ
үΪ׵ıŻѪӵͷʾѾûͼҺˡ
ţܺãϵЦŨӳȡһתҩȥ
ӭȴǸոǸСŮҪɱ˵Ŀ⣬˷ҵģúõ⣬ֻҪһ׼ơ
СӣȵȵȣҲȥϹͷŲס룬ҲҪȸ˳Ͼ͸ڵط֤㣬㿴ôǰҪҺŵһˣʱɫЩ԰׵˵仰
Ѫ΢ɲһüλ˼ȥҽԺרҺţеķ
áȿȡ˵꣬˾Ѿ֣סؿѾ˺ܶרˣûһõģ뻹̹
˵ʱ˵ɫԵøӲ԰Щ
λ˼ȥ
Ѫƺû˵ĻһüͷøȻʿķ񣬵۾Ѿǲͷ


30 һ߶ȥ
ǽаıڸոһץˣһͿ˽Ųһģˤոջ԰׵ɫȻó
ߣ
ⱣȻû˵ġʿȡﶼ˴⡣˲Ҳû˿Ҫ˼ӻҪֹȥֱӰߣʡ÷ү¡
ס֣
ͬʱһȻȺŷҹһȴǴӵﴫŮ
ŷҹ¶ȻеĻǮװʮһܼӣǰֲܵǮֵֻÿ֡ǰĲ죬˼ҵ濴ȥˡ
һ߶ȥͻȻðһµģ־һԷȥ
ŷҹһ䣬֪Ᵽ˵ĵԣ֪ƽʱʲôˣڸոЩòʿľٶ˿ĶѡС˼ȥ¶ȴˣ˭ҪȥͲܹ
ۿǰƾҪϣŷҹ磬ָ繳ֻһץһͣ˻ûпô֣˶Ѿ˳ȥڵֻԼֻ־ȻҲˡ
ⱣҲӲжûнһԱ߶ıھ֮࣬Ȼûһ˸ٶ֡
ѪҲûпһĻƵģæĻŵȥ褣ڳˣ
ڵҵĲˣĶ߰ɣҸԶκιϵ´ٳ飬Ҷ㲻
ƫƫ־޴˲˼ķ˾Ů¶һ޶κһ˼޷Ӧ
ŷҹѾ竵ļһҲ̲סӶ࿴˼ۡ
ᣬһжᣬҸոջڷԸλ͵ҽԺȥƣֻû뵽̫ˣӦ뵽ģһҪңҵʧ󡣡һǸ⣬ϿҵþǸϴĺӡ
ǿղŶ˵̬ȣ˭ñʿ˼ı
ŷҹЦѾע褵ջָ̽˰һ
ߣ˵ƭ˵İϷɣҲҪҵˡתҲһۣǳŷҹ߹ҿһ¡
ŷҹֱӷԸ̶ֳȵĲŮβˣȻҲϵҲûˣ׼һӡ
ţ΢΢һüͷɿѸشӿڴͳһ˹ȥ
ŶŷҹҲû뵽褾ȻͨŮŻױƷһİŮе˼
ʱҲѯʵʱ򣬰İӵУԱ߶Ѿ˰ӹ
һʱ뿴ǹµˣôͻȻһ´˼Ҵְ񣬶ҿӻҪʩչһҪǰ˾ȺȻǺ¶ҪǾȲˣ˼˵ļҲҪ׷ΰɣ
ڸ˴Ÿ˼ȥŷҹʱֻѾٳ֣һһ뱻֮гûпģڶѾٴαγ
Ҳ֪ܹ˶ٸ룬ֻǶ֮죬㹻˵۾λˡ
һĶҩĵǸɽһŮ褶ôˡ֪Լҽ츳ķҲŲСо󲮣ⷽҲȲڿǰʩ֪֮ԼǰǶôǳ˼ҵļձԼǵֶξСһ
ȵǣԷ侹Ȼ࣬ڴǰǱ˸ԼһˣҲͲš
˵ľȽŷҹѾȫ˵ļڶԷĺ΢΢һһβٵز
Щֶεʩչ˵ɫҲӲ԰׺ͳָɫҲ𽥵˳
ѽлл㰡Сӣо˲٣ڲܿ˵æصлǾϹͷ
˵ڻǿںѾųȥٹӣѪȫ˳ȻͿȥಡˡŷҹƴ˵ıҲ
ڵΪϢ̫֮ܣһƺȴûʲô⡣
ֻ̫ףôܳһ֮ϢȲƽܽӴģָߵĺȫͬǡ
һԵĵر
뵽ŷҹ˼ٴα̼һ¡
˴ʯͷǿ϶żǿʯſֽܵԵ鱦ҲܵõҪٴ첻һѼƷ齣ҲΪŵĵˡ
һζ˵֮ǰŷҹַ̫Ļڳٶȼֱǿ˷ָֻһ֮䣬Ѿ»ص֮С
˵Ҫѧַһһ붼ֱͻҲٶȰ
˼ڸоôŷҹʵ
öˣöˣһѹҴųȥһůģˡһ˵
⻹ȫã໹Щ⣬һҸ㿪ҩ֮Ӧþܴˡŷҹͷ
ϵĺȻܸоһƵůˡ
ҽͷҽ㣬ֱϱӻ˴£Ϊ˳Ա߶һۣĳЩˣէһȥ񴩵øһʵһӶǲݰﶼڰ֡
⻰ɫһף۵һ˿ŭֻһ¾Ͳˡ
˼ҹˣǰûнӴʲôĶһɺᣬǸոշֵ磬ˡŷҹȷʵ֪ʲôմֺ
ҵǼǲˡüͷ룬ͻȻһͷˣһȥѩɽΣ͵Ķβãֻ룬ܶ첻ܡ
ŶѩɽʲôֵĶŷҹ۾һ
Ҳûʲôرģֻɽ˯һҹʱǵطȪǵط̫ˣҵһŸоеĵط˯ˣһļˣǶû¶һֱûⷽ롣˻˵
ֻҪû̫Ķͺˡŷҹ˵ģ֪Ҳʲ̫ϸĶȻʧҲ׼
Ͼ˵ĿɶʮǰˣѾˣȥǸط˭֪ʲôء
ѽ˼ңոǲ˼һʱļȻĵģǲô˵ҲǸ鷳Ǯ͵Ҷһɣ
ϿҵЦݣŵߵ˵ǰӱӹһƱԷݹȥ


31 ðײ
ǣͷӿûлǮҲǸԸˣƳ˶Էһ£ֱӲ̲˦ôһ䡣
ոҪţԼôܲأҪΪŷҹԼûõǮ;Լܸˣ
Ǻǣոնǰ£ȥҽԺ˭ֱ֪ŵģקˣЩֻǸһѣûб˼˼ҵȴһҲһϺ˵ӡ
ǲΪǮͿԡ˵֮Щ
κ֮ǰϲŭŷҹһĶԷĺ󱳣һϢȥһϢ˵еĶðײá
˸мؿŷҹһۣ֪Լֱ˼Ұһѣ۾һתǣС˵öԣðײá
˳ִǮӹһԶŷҹ
ŷҹЦЦְǮݸҩıɽ褣Ǯ˼ҩɣҿķҲЩȽϹЩҩ
ûϵܶҩѶеղģһҪֲһ¡˿Լһ˽תͷŷҹֹȥҩҵụ̂
ԭҩҵǿһ˾ԨҶһĵλǲһڼʡôܵԨ
˼أһϼŵһүҪȻҲôͷЩӸڹģԨʲôֵġ
СӵҽôҿظպñҩҵϣԺǰ;
Ա߶Щۣ褺Ҳŷҹ뿴ʲôķӦ
ԭּҵүʧʧŷҹѾ֪˶Էݣ˵ſԶԷһֻ֣ȴûһϸûһӣֻǸСӣƽʱֵأûû֣ǻûʶıҪ
װʿʱҲֳһ˿ɫԷ֪ĶðĻСӣȻ˲ӣǵ褵棬ԻñڰСӵͷš֪ʲôǲ㳰ġ
뵽˱ڣ̾˸ոհʱɲˣʲôûгԹ˵һоͱ˰ָж
뵽ҲûֱӾͱֳŭɫڨڨذ˻褣Щר͸ģֻõ壬㡭
Ѿ˵褣Ҹ֮ûô죬Ѿδ򣬴Ķ߰ɣ褵ı黹һر䣬ȴ˵˶ݵĻ
ʲôѾδǲܣ͡ճ鴤һ£ЩҪʧأѾ褵ĵϸ̽ŮСûиκεйϸһû̸ΪȤҪŮ㵽ֲɣǹ˵ûϵΪȫţ֪һһᱻҵĳ򶯣
̫˸жˣлŮѾСǣ޲ſ˵Ļȥ
ǵ˧𣬼ֱǱ׼İӣһÿŮһ黰˭ܼܵסջ
ʧǣ褵ֻһ˿мû˵ѣ褴˵ѣҵδ
ŷҹҲˣΪĵıɽŮָķ
ûţתͷ˿Ա߶˸ոκõǸ֮⣬ĵȷȷԼһˣɲΪŮ˵δǸˣǾ̫ˡ
Ŀ⳯ŷҹȥ֤ʵһ£ǲ褹ǵȥʱŷҹһƽƺǶ˵ûκεľƵġ
һ°һ˿ϣˡ
ʲôɽŮʲôࣿԭ类˸ˣȻˣôãȫɵ
һŷҹ˭жֱӾѾ˶Է̡
һûӵĸȻڴ֮ͥʲôһճղŷҹҲɵаٷ֮ٵİգСӳˣܰȥ
ŷҹԵ޹ʵһ汳ȻܿǁҧгݵӣȻ£ҪȻҲᵱ͸ѿˡ
ֻ֣褿ȥſڿӣֲ˴ˣô˵Ծ͸Լ˲С鷳벻ŮΪʲôҪô
ԭδ򰡣ֲҽôߣҾ˵ҽˣҵһıСˡǸȻǰ¶ˣ̾ͺǺ˹ϲ
߰ɣǵȥץҩ褿ŷҹһۣк
ոǸŵĽСѾͷҲܹ͵͵ͷ
ŷҹЦǲǵİɣԼô͸ޡȥˣ
ʣһ߶õƺѾĮˣǸСѾͷǰء
ûиܵ˵еŮˣȻڸűˣոյ˲Ҫĳ嶯
үǸ˺еŵĽ̹Ҳô׾ͰҷŵҿղȫûгͬĲ֮£һһֻЩѵ˵ˣܶԸģڲǡ
ߡ׹ݺݵӡ˴õĴš
жֵܵùǹΪе򣬾ܵҫ޼ɵشùͷԼҲֻˣ
ӣһƬ궼ûʣ£ȴǷ߶ȥˡ
ųȥķ򣬰̾һүƢҲ֪ûܹôίֻһزˡ
ǸղǸ˾һϣ治֪ʲôĽո˼ֻ⶯һ£ԼѾڵӣȫţԷҪɱĻԲٳڶС
ֲֿĳ̶ѾˣΪף似һĳ̶ȣǹʱĲܵĶ
ű뿪ʱ򣬰ͨһ绰
ϰ壬үһƺǵһӲӡ
С㣬ǲӦøһ˵褽ãֻʣʱŷҹڿʵ
Ϊ˵Ǽٻ𣿡ò˵
Ǽٵѵģô֪ʲôʱиϱţ
ҵ汳ģѾˣ鷳ҲѾûˣ㲻װȥ˰ɣŷҹҲ΢΢ü
ƫͷ˼һ£üͷ΢ӣÿ˶Ҽĸܣҷģһֻ޸ҷ䣬ҽҸߵˣˡ


32 Ůʦ
һ仯ģŷҹһΪŮڹ
ʱ˶һۣһִ󺹱ĸо¶ֻҪ㷢ľǳ˰
ǺǣòƻûʹԸԸ⣿ŷҹ˼Ϸ˵
Ůʵ̫ˣŲǳҽ滳Ů᲻ϰͲ֪δǸʲôĶ
ѵ㲻Ը⣿ͷһ¶ȵı顣
ǵô˵ò˵ֻϱˣûб˿ġǰôеһ
ŷҹüëһ£ŮȷװģƺǸûи鷽Ǹ񾭡
ܸܲһŷҹ˼һʵ
ûвʮָɴؾܾ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ㡣
ǺðɣǾ̸ץҩ¶ɡŷҹȻİæκε˲Ը⣬Ҳֻɵˡ
˵ҩд֮󣬲󹦷ץҩҲе֪ôŷҹ˵ˣΪ뱲Ҳûмδġ
ŷҾȻȥˣҽж촺пյʱ򣬿ԵҼǺǣͷѵϸ˵ˡ촺˼֮󣬾뿪ˡ
֮ŷҹóһԼǰҪõҩϴŷٻõѾЩĸı䣬ҩӣֻǲ֪ҩܲ롣
ϴεҩ㿪ģ褿ۣʹ㣬ܸҩҩ𣿡
ҰҾͰ㽲ҩŷҹŮ
˼üͷջԥصͷ
ŷҹָ̽ڶԷϣĴʹŷҹĵ׶һԼ޵æһϢʶ̽˹ȥ
ʶŸոսԷ壬̾˼ճϸ֮£ȻǴûбҩ֮
һŷҹΪԾһôһֿʱƣЩҩ˵³´лų⣬´ǰµҩûκЧһܾЩҩڻ޷ųҩ˶ҩ˵Ѫհ˶˵
褾ȻǣҩûбҲûбų⣬ͬʱúúõģôӴҩ֮Ȼܸల£һϡ浽ҵˡ
ףŷҹʱͻȻڵҩȻͨԼָȥҩҩȻǶԷϢһ˳Ӵһ֫崫䡣
Ȼֻ΢΢һƵҩŷҹ֮У̾ͱҩԼصĻ
Ҳ֪˵ƽԼǵ˼ҵĶʶذϢʶ˻
ţҲЩɻ󣬸ոһֶŶԷָȴоǰδеʣǷѽ⡣
û⣬ֻ㵽׳ʲôھȻôӴҩ֮ȫûգŷҹ֣ص˵ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôû⣬ǳȥ϶Ǹ޴֪һ죬ЩҩͻΪҪĶ
𣿡ƺЩˣҲ֪ΪʲôˣΪԷҽǸô죿
취һΪʦҽ赼ҩķֻҪܰҩˣΪ׸һ޴
ֻһҩ;ŷҹҪأҲ󲻵褰ڵҩˣǸʲô磬ֻȲ϶ԷٶȣǾԽʷһˡ
ţǵڶأƺûб̾ʵ
ڶŷҹʵЩϧЩҩʼնЩУҿ취ڵҩɢȥתƵĵطͲΣգһڵҩͻȫ˷ѣòһĺô
˵ĺôʲôɻ
ŷҹԼߵ֪Լֻһؾ磬ֻõһЩϢѣûа취ʩչʲôֶΡ
һְ褵óš
ŷҹһöУʳָ΢΢һֻ뻯һ߷ȥǡɶסһֻǽɹĲӬ
𣿡
ˣҶԶӬôȤƽش
ŷҹоԼˣһ֪ʲôǸ飬Ҳûʲôõ˵Ҫ̫ˡ
һӻһŷһϵ
ŷһҪŻĵط׹ȥ׵ʱһ֣֮㿴ЧŷҹֶˣҪҲ򶯲㣬һҩʲôʱ򷽱ˣȫҰɣʡúֲˡ
褰ѷЩãȻؿ˿ŷҹһҪŷҹ˦ȥ
ͣŷҹͷֱðôһһŮ򽻵üһٶʮСģȻԼճ𼦣һӢɾͻˣǻҸտû˵ĵط˲ãһСİöչˡ
һߵ棬ŷҹ˵ȥһû˵ĵطöѾ˦˳ȥ

Ǽǵ
Ŀ֮£һ޴ƤͰͻȻ֮ȼܻ棬ֻգ۵ĹͱһŻҽ
ԲۣҿʲôͰͻȻճ˻ңô£þһǻþ
ֲ꣬Ϯŵ˼Сĸζͨͨġ
ҿˣǸŮˣһ̧֣ͰŻˡҲ񾭲Ŀˡ
һĻ̫˿Ϣ̾ͱ˷˻ʱĳƵϣȻ˭Ҳĵ˦Ļ棬Ϊʱ˭ûע⵽
ΪķصɫʣҲ˵硣ĳЩ̨ѧרǵóһۡ˰ȼŵͰΪ˺ʵ¶ȵ˲˼Ļ桭
ЩǺ󻰣ŷҹһĻʱ޵ĳ嶯ˣԼò׻һöһͰײǽ
ΪʦڵҩˣҲַܻʮĶС
Ȼϧŷҹ֪ԼҲֻܰϣ˵ˣֻҪɹˣۻֵõġ
ӡ˵ŷҹּһͽܵʱ򣬶ԷٴοڣŻҲûкġ
㣬㵽ϲʲôŷҹױˡ
ֻϲҩ˿תһͷܲԷȻôʡ
ŷҹԼͷƣ֪Լαطôľ˷һ
ֻҪΪʦҾͰеҽ̸㣬ҩ֮ҽڵһҪʱһ


33 ɵɵ
ҪûҲˣһžҩҩˣյһֱ
ģŷҹ˵һЩҩ湦Чʱ褵۾ˡ
ȻģԪˣʮԪֻһžһӡ
ŷҹ˵ÿˮѾҪˣ褵۾ҲԽԽ
ôûпҪΪʦŷҹʱҲˣ̽ʵ
ΪʦǲǾͲܵδˣ

ٿһ°ɡ
ŷҹͲһѪ˵ô࣬ȻֻһĽǹģǹģɵɵ
ʶ褵֮ŷҹҲͼȥ˵ˣһ˳ȻܳɵĻȻǺãɵĻ취ŮڵҩԼܵõһô
ȻеصǱϾ˻ģŷҹҲʲô
ȽοǣԼṩҩ˳ûУûаݵ֮⣬ľȻṩó
ⲻŷҹˣοҩвٵϡȻϡָڵСȷЩҩҩģ̫ˣ褾Ȼܹ룬ʵǲ˼顣
ŷҹҲûжʣϾҸȡ裬ûбҪԼܸԼ
͸㣬ǸȥҲʲôˣһΰŭ˵׼㶯֣Ѿãһˣ֤ܲһŷŷҹݹȥ
ŮԼһҲһգҽòû˵
׿Щ˵ԷṩҩģİѾ̫ˡһЩûݵҩģЧҲеģֻ𵽵ÿɾʹǰˡ
ǰ˵Լǿʱúίǿ褣͸оԼȷǺǿ
зİ취ƺŷҹСһ˵˳־ͽ˹ȥ
ŷҹŶԷ˵ĻһҩͨˣһЩĶҲ֪ǸҲöԸһȻԼĶ֣Ҳ֮еĸˣ˭ּ֪ôļҵûһĸء
ЩҲûи褶˵Ͼ磬˵һİ磬ȻԷûҲͲҪˡ
ҩģҪȥȰԼΪˣѾȲҪս֮󣬽ľʲôˡ
ոߵ·ϣ绰óһȻǼ¡С
ʱŷҹѾ˵춼ǸԼ绰ǿ϶ʲôò׼ĹŽҪˡ
ιλŷҹʵ
ŷһѹŽԷѽǰǧʷ֪ͨǲʱһ£ڵ绰
ǧꣿŷҹһϲ
˵һԼҪҵ񽣣£Ʈ֣Ű񽣲¶ģ߸ֶˡԣǰģǸĸûϵˡ
ǵġ
ţһȥѽҲǰ𣿡ŷҹʵĹŽΪʲôҪ͵
еԭԷû˵ֻܼӣԲκε˼˵ѽҪμӽǹһȰ˵˲ǿͬμĴȻҲϵŷҹɻ
Ǻ˼άĸҳǧĶǷǱѰıһ洵ԼڵĶһҪڵĶȥһƤ˶ô
ȻкöȻҪһ£ȻɲΪǧǰСңóʲôʮа˾ŶǼٽı˵Ķ
ŲԿ϶ǶӦҲ̫ˮ֣ȻŲڹŽļϱȲԼǻĶûܿģûɫҲԼ绰ˡ
㲻ǽ񽣣ҲûʲôôǹŽȥһν
ҩģŷҹûȥıĵطֱӳؼҵķȥ
ͻȻʲôͳֻԼıͽܲ˸绰
ϣһϢڼ¡һѹŽһûǹŲ֪ͨҵģӦûˡ
ŷҹҲ򵥣ȻӣԼҲʲôԺ϶ҪһЩķġ
Լƾ˼һؽһûϣȻйŽǽ񽣣ƷֲĻҲǸѡ񣬱ϾǧĹŽɲǳеġ
ĹȻõģԨңûм˸Ҹǽаأ
Ǳ߶ҲǼҲûŷҹôԪϹŲϵģֻǴ䣬ͱʾһ᲻ϧ۰ǰѽ
˵绰ŷҹЦЦͽܶԽĳԣ治һĳ̶ȣ̶ֲԽô϶ܵѬգúһ£պпܴǰ;
˵⣬еҩټķ⵹Ҳ̫
һһҪȴԼĸгһգʱ򣬻һ¿һ˭ȥӵľްԡ
̣ӣŷٻŵԺֻ࣬ҪģŵĻԻ;עġ
Ϊβ磿һ죬Ҫش𰸣ҲݣҲݣ
֪䣬ƺѾԼʮأҲ񽣵ĺѼŰ񽣣ŵԼΡ
⣬һ·̤ƲţȻĲɣǿʶ֮ȴҲĻײ˺
ȻҲԶĵطӦӰһ˿ȥ
һġˡǿżĹӣվһصˣȥҲǶʮͷͣȻûκεϢͦ罣
ŷҹǰһ£˻¶ԵϢֻڿʱ۾żֵ⡣
ôŷٲװʶҰɣǿŷҹһֲۣɨԱ߶˵ı飬΢΢һµ
㻹һ鹷ƤҩߵĶͻճĶŷҹ֪ǿԼ鷳ġ
ϴ˸ϣԼдܣ˴ӣѾԼΣǲѧУﶯˣٲҲ̧ͷŰѵص㰲棬ˣѧУҲ֪
ҪӮ˵ĻͿʱ䣬ٴˣȥѧУŷҹúһͨѸһͳͳһ
С˼ŷҹװףΪˣʦ಻ıթȻҲǿöˡ


34 ˭⽣
Щĵģ֪˵ԼûʲôޣӦǿʲôڲ¶Լʲôᡣ
˹ҲǸߵúܣͿܲܰˡǿյǸ˶˵
ô֪˵ǲģ˵۾һ¡
һƭ㣿ǿһüͷǿǼǮ
ԥһ£ǰһ˸ָŷҹְɣ
ţŷҹȴǿŶԷĶˣ˭⽣
Ҳ仰ʵһ£۾ͱ˸ŭ𣺡ϻ˵ôʰСˣ
ŷҹƣСӻûӣʲôҲûԼ˵ԼʲôСˣȻǿôױҲȷȱ۶
Ҫ֪ǣԷǴѧ⽣
Ȼֻһƣ⽣ȴǽŵĻ֮һ˵ϤòϤˣԾԲῴ
⽣ȻֻǻȴҲˣﻹбĴˣܡ˵Ǵѧģ
Էȭ͵ǰӣȻƾҵʽҲó˼ֵ
ŷҹŲæԷһҲǶָ󽣾̳Ҫõʵֻ࣬ȰСӴ˵
ۡ
ŷҹֺص˼ϡ
һϢûУ͸ҵǲŷҹһе֣Ҳֻһ
͵ʦѧܴﵽ̶ȵ˵ͶԷԣпܵĻҲҪյԼ£ϾԺʵˣﶼܻӭ
ǶԷԼһ䣬Ҫǿָ竳ɱȴʮֿϹƷԣƷԵˣҪ
ҲûеõķϢ˵ýԼ͵óַ
ƽЩ飬ŷҹѵһҲˣ˽ŵĽľ֮ҪΪպΣɾʹˡ첻ˣ˵ͻǸĸⲻǶԽŵõ⣬漰˽ɵĸ
һϣСӣţǿһҲͲŷҹĶ֣Ҳʲôأ̾кµıڣһŷҹΧȥ
컯գҶ֣
˰ɣǰŷ٣һүʱ붯㣬еҡǿɵһŷҹʲôһֻһҸɰܰ͵ȥŲţ˵̧ͷطͷûһ˵Ӵģ˭ţ⼸ŷǰ׵ˣûףֱǱ
ⱾƧĵطЩһ֣м·ˣҲԶԶƿ˭ҲЩ鷳
һЩʲôϵʲô˰ǲǸԼҲ
ǿúܼ򵥣ѧУʱҸ˰ŷҹܣǰúõһ£߿ԼһۣǼȻû취ŷҹŵˣǾֻҸ˶ˣʰҲû⡣
ͲţŷҹҲһ˶ѣЩ˾ǶҲܰѶԷˡ
߸ڲ䶼ȥĶŷҹΧһȥ֡
ŷҹЦһЩ˿׳ʵһСţһղǸҲȲϣҲԼƣѣ˾ټӼҲ
Ʋһϵȭͷ˳·߶˹ȥͬʱһ֣һȭͷƫ˳̧һš顱߸ĸŷҹߵڵϡ
ɵϰǿֻɵվ￴ţûðɡ
һܵģɲϷġͬʱ˼䣬Ǹ˵Ҳ֪ĶȥˣڵĻҲųӡ
ҲĶ֣Ժһ𣡡ŷҹĶ۽΢΢һ¡
Ҳܿŷҹڸֵʱ򣬻ֵģȻͷһǽָۣûЩôǱ
֪ŷҹΪʲôһЩ֪ԼЩһˣҲ϶ֲʲôȥȻûҪȥ衣
һɿسԶˡ
뵰뵰ţǿû뵽Ȼôûֻ֣һУѾ˵Լˣƿڴ
Ŵ٣ʡɣϾֵˡŷҹվؿһۣɨǼٶ˿˱ǣҪ֣ɾͱҲˡ
ǿЩڱǸıڰɾͲԶˣǰϻЩɱǰЩֻи׺ĿռӶѡ
һοЩԶԶ簢ˡ
ϣǿǱ߶ܻµСһº֣ŪСүҲš
˭֪ǰ˵Ҫ治֣ķǱסǶˣҪһûĹȥʲôܲȥذשǮɣ
ڤ粻飡ŷҹЩ˷ҪȥҲֻٴζ֡
ӰһѾÿıԴָ繳ÿ˵ļϺݺһץ
˳ܲסѾʵʹż˳
ǰ߸ת۾ͶǿŷӦеˣһֱжŷҹԼЩڵ֣ûһҪĶЩ˻ô
ʱˣѾеˣŷҹѾЦų˹
㡭ʲôǿûɵظоһ䣬һԼ£ԼżҵĴүô˵ʱе飬Ҷң㲻¡㲻¡
ǺǣŴ٣˵ģطͷûһ˵Ҷģ˭ţŷҹֻһǰƽȫȻܶԷĿ־塣
Ժ鷳Ҳ֣ҪĶңôŲţǿƴһ
Ҫ˵Һܺ£Ųţ
ŷҹֻͻȻǿĸ첲һŤһֻͣſԷĲҽʹ˳
ѡǿĶԹִ۵˵ȫҵĸ첲ŪãȻŷԶԨʧ
żѾǵҵͷǰҿԲȥǼƽϣҵĳ϶ֽҶԲƽϣٸҹҵĻŷҹ˦˶ԷһƣҲżʧ
˵ԭŷҹϲȥѹȱˣⲻ˾Ϳȥ۸ˣ仰˵ǿƷԵĻɫӦŷҹԶһΪȥҶԷ鷳ԷѾӦҪոˡ
ǿ۵öҪڵϣǾԶȥЩڿǵĴүˣҲɢȥ


35 ѵ
ŷҹʱٿΧŷǸó⽣Ѿ뿪ˡ
⽣ŷҹղûϸ룬ʱȴһͷѵ
ʦļӵоһҶεˣ˾һֱ
Ǳľʱһ񣬶ǽҶΡʱңûһԼ꣬Ͱ⽣ҶΣŹ棬Ҳֻ˽ʽûдĽľ
ղǸҶεĺˣЩ⽣ҲԭˡֻҶεĺ䵽˸үΪĵزҪǲлʦˣֻҲЩĺ
ļӣһ˵ֻҶĹĹܼҸ
ĵطһҶεļ䣬ŷҹüͷֻеٿǸˣ֪ǲˡ
չ¶òһ¡ŷҹҪǵĻʦչһ¡
صѰҩõɰҩķŵУˮҩҪʮĸСʱɣֻҩܴﵽõĳ̶ȣŷҹȵüҲȥѧУˣʵҪġ
ŷɽŷٻڼŷҹؼҲûжʲô˶ǳģ֪ҲǴǰǸֻ֪ˣСӣʲô鶼֪ػҲȥʲô
෴ǸŮںԺϰ촩ƽ֮ԽϰԽ⽣֮˾Ȼǳ˽ȥɴ˸Ǿãŷҹڵı¸ͲˣȻҲȥʲô
ŹһСʱңŷҹڿϢ洫޴ײ
ǡ䡱һŷҾ޴žͱ˴ײˡ
Ŵ濪ӣģѸǰѵڶӵĳһһˡ
ٵǸոŷҹѵǿϵŷҹûмҲ֪϶ǿϵű
ǿʱ߶ӶǽӲģƺֻҪԶһ£ǣ˺ѷεۣɫˢ׵ͷһذϵҲ˳
űɫҲúõĶȥһŷңǰԼһķ⣬ԼԼŸոոһѵȻ˸ҶְĶڳӣǻòͷˣ
űԨȻ˵жĵ̣ٸżҲͬڣڿҵҲһʱľްԣû˸ǵŷʲôǸԼȭžʹſµķƫƫĶӾȻҳҧԼͷ⣬̵ȥ
ŷɽҳ㲻һ˵ͱҲűվԺ
űҿҪһ˵ŷɽŷٻѾԺһ۾Ϳ˱ײòӵĴţŷɽԸҲŭ˽լھͿԴ绰㣬һûиıʱǸϿߣŷҲӭǣ
֪ԼڵʵܶùűνǽƣŷɽԨ˫֮һʱ˭ҲҪӣŷҵĹ˾ѾˣʱҪҸ˵仰ܡ
Ҫ绰˭˵ǻ˵á
ҵС־ȻִҶӣҵ־͵дűл𣬵ŷɽЭΪеƶԼŷɽܷ
Ҫ˵һ֣ƴԼЩ鷳ҲҪŷҵ˳ɾ
ҵСĶôûĶ𣿡ŷҹʱҲƵشӿ⵽Ժվ˸׺ͽߡ
ҵĸ첲ǿһŷҹ֣̾ŭɶɸոһ̾۵˸ҧ˳ӣһŹġ
ǺǣԭС֣ƷֻŷҹһЦ
űһԼĶӣȻԷĲҲӹʵеԼˡ
ǿʱҲŷҹŰϵҲȥˣ¾ҪڣɲŶһ£첲ʹоæ졣
ŷٻһ۵ܵܣ֪¶϶ģȥ£һżҵֹŻԿ˵ֻ˵ǿá
վĵطŷҵĵطڶҳȥҶʲôˣʲôϵŷٻҲǰ˵
ŷҵѾͷǺǣΪƾһ仰űˣű¹˭˭й³СӣŷҹɣҶӣڰָˣһܷŹһȻĻ֪ûҩģ
ҩǿѾ֪ûҩˣҪȻ϶ȳԣҲֲҰָˡŷҹЦŵ
ܿ񰡣ĿҪ۵ģŷֻû˲ҵٿȥ뿪ԨĻᶼûУűȥͬһͷʱҪҧ˵ϻ
ǾͿ˭һᶼûУǰŷҹҲûļһοڣűвˣҪȥ
űѾڰŷŰˣ֮ûаԼЩ˳ֻΪǰΪŷѾˣҲһְŷţÿοһı̬뷨
ǰүȻܶκεвڵŷҹȴԡȻֻдأˣҪżˣҲǲܡ
˵ģ˭ܴӳȥд۷ˣ£Ҳֻķݶˡ
űȻ֪ŷҹ֪ԼǸеĶίڣͬǱڵʦֶѾŷҹŷҹ˵
ֻһͷŷҵ˶Ҫ˭ҲȲǡ
úúãܾöûпôйСˣһϣһֱôйȥʡҾ̫û˼űѾŭЦԼӵǿ㲻õģ֮˶úܣһëͷСжı£һ˰ֱκã֮ǰһȸ㱨𡣡
֣ҪŪǸŮˣҪŪҪŷҹǿȻ岻ȴҧгݵ˵ϵı˼㡣
ҹȥŷɽҲŭ˼㣬ǹ˾˺ĳ̶ȣûŭӲҪģ˭ҪĺӣҪҲҪԷƴһƴűвԱУΪŷɽֵزֻСҹСٻһͷƴҲҪ
ŷҹĿҲǿϣűղŵһ뷨ͬǾ⸸Ҫ˭ҲȲǣ
ٸһᣬҪ֪ߵغСӻӲĻǺǡűȻ֪Լ̣˿ŷɽвŷҴȥˣȻȵڻ𣬡͵ſԼһôİɣ
ҵҪ˭ôĵӣſڱտھҪ˱˵ģ
űһݻոշ꣬һתͷʱſڿһˡ


36 Ԩһ
űߵıҪǰȴűֹʶ˵Ԩʶ˵Ĳ࣬ʶģûмǲģҲԼ
ϣû뵽ˣҲûкһ£̫˼ˡŷɽȻҲʶͻȻˣԨ֮һ
ȻͲӪϼţֱֱƿӣȴϵĶ֮˭ԶԶűֻʵıɱȡ
ֻû뵽ԷݣôͻȻԼҿӣרΪ򱧲ƽһ
ɽˣҶһˣýЩ֪Լ϶һ£ҪľЧŷҹһۣ˼һ²ŵҸŷһʵ꽻ô۵Ļɽ㻹ҵĳء
˵ʵŷɽɲдĳֻǺ֣ԼĶʲôʱôһߣӦǺ޽İ
֣ͬѧʶպҲѧĽԡǺǡҲûб¶Լ֮ʵϵ˭ãϾҲԨ߳ƵӿǱҪģҪȻҲжԷˡ
ԭ쵽Сٻȥݲ衭ŷɽҲ̾ףӵͬѧ϶ֻǸʶô򵥣û׷ʣű棬ЩܲͲɡ
òãϴ˵ҪЩҶ͸ŷģߵʱһʱˣصר͹ģҪȾͺְɣϡеƷ֡ЦǺǵشӰѲҶ˳
ŷٻҲеٶˣԼܵҲ̫ˣҪ˵ѧһЩ˵ǸôĹϵǾ̫˳Ծˡ
Է˭ǿԨһҪǿܵĻȫԨҪţ
ǿˣĶһļӣŷٻĸоУƺԵܻܹܵӣȻʾúã˵ﶼ˳ܸ׶Сɽǵ˵ܵȴˡŷƺҲ
ϲдãȻİѲҶӹŷٻһתȥˮˣ֪űǽʮӣҲٶᣡ
㻹ߣűһۣɫʱˣҴĲɲ࣬żҲһڣ
⻰Ծеˣ˵ŵĶűҪҧһڣҪҶŸɣ
ϣҲûл˵ֻεȷʵҪôŷŷűŷûҵһʵĳƺҲƺСŷԼҪֱǿүӲˣҪҲŷǸղŵӾȫȻصԼȥˣҶӱˣҲû취ҵǸˣܲҶӵĸ첲κã
Ǻǣ㵹̧ͦҡƳһűЦҪҲ㣬˵Ҳ
Ҳ˼űһ£ͷһ
ԼȻеҪŪŷɽ׵ûѹҪȥа壬ǹϵòͷˡ
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ҵͬʱҲеŷҹı֪Ļ̫٣ͿֶΣʱԷԼŪ׾ٵ顣
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38 Ļ
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39 ˫ı
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ʮشһϻ֣صŽϻʩһڣֻӷ׵ԵЩЦ
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ܳҲû뵽ŷҹĵһʵȻһ£ѸٵһЦ벻ĵļʦȻôһ޾ˣĵѾ˲̫ˣҿԻش㣬ҰҪһĻûҲʶһǵ޶ԹҽܵḶ́ǶƵȻ󷢵ȫý壬չʾǰŽķɣͬʱҲΪǰĻŲ·ҪǣĹŽǰԲֻһѣش𣿡


40 Ž
ŷҹûָĿеõʲôȷĴ𰸣ҲţﻹиѣڶĹŽ
ðɣһµڶ⡣ŷҹһЦָźĽʣ⽣ף֪ʲôģ
ܳüͷøûг̫ã̾ͻصʲôףۻ˰ɣҴ֪ʲôףٺֵĻҾҪѹŽڻֲǼ¡һܹġ
Ǻǣȱ𼱣Ȼ˵ġŷҹŲæѽͷҲʾ⽣ʵķŴͼָڽ֮Ϸֱ֮һ£˵ף
ŷҹָ֮ҲźȻ֣ǱŷҹָƲʵ֮ȷǿյģֻΪƵ̫ȫͱƶͣλƫƧ֮ԾȻû˷һ㡣
ӦΪ͸ֽĸ⳱ʪܳЩң֪⽣ףôһӾͿ׵ģǵʦƵģеİ壬Ȼֻ˼Ҳȫ֪Ѿǧ꣬û˵һˣⲢӰ˵Ļɣ
ȻӰ죬ֻҪ㣬֪׵ôһֳʾһ¡ŷҹЦǰƵĹŽĻͿȥʾĹֵܿҲ˽ڵʲô뷨
ܳɵֳһŭɫȴҪܸʲô
ŷҹȥ߶˼䣬Է̾ȥ׼ʲô˲Ϳ̧˼ܴʵķȹ
һֱۿĹŲˣŽҪʲô
ŷҹ˿Էʾ˰ѵԴ̨ͨϹ޴ķЩ綼ǴſһտķҪȻֳĺܶණҪˡ
ŷҹ¿һڴˣֳʵĹŽߵ˴룬·ʱϣͷҲȴ۾ûжһ£ֻǻеı
ء
ŷҹһ̾һӽϴȻһ
ŷҹûǳŲʵĽ趯ĶỺᣬȴһ֮żƮݡ
Ķ֮УҲнɵر䶯ţʱͳʱ߰ʱתˣʱߡ
ŷҹȾ͸ǣԼҪʾ⽣׵ãǶҪΪŷҹҪչʾһԼ轣ļɣһԱ߸Źŵ֡
ǲ֪ԭǽŵףȻֻҪúʵĽǶȣ趯Ǻܹϵһ
һ˵ʱŷҹֽҲȥתȥʱɢ١
ڷӦѷȵĵԴرʱڳ˲Լͬظŷҹ
ûΪŷҹ׵ǴģΪոǽ轣־ѾõĽ͡
ˣһǹŲԣһ̾Ͳ³ŷҹ֪ѽҪȻô
ŷҹôڵһۿѽ׼ȷϳҶÿһֶָƵģȻ㲻ֻҪȷһ㣬Ǵ󶨣ѽٷְٳԻģ
һһ϶ľˣڹﶨվţȷǽǻĵ֮⣬ŷҹĽ֮տ
ǹŽǹŽ
޲ܴӴĻ굽ֳȥۿϧӣûǸ¡һٸһǧڣҪƵطҪڹ￴ҪֳĻ͸ܹĦŷҹ轣ʱˡ
߰һмһζͿˣǲǴʧһܹȥǶѾˣǿɾ͸ʧˣ
λ֪ո㿴ûУҵûдɣûпĻҿٸһ飬Ŷˣ¼ƵģǵʱǾͿԺúоһеĹŽˡŷҹЦ
ܳȻɫЩѿȴҲûʲô˵ģλʦһĹ㾹ȻܿǰĹŽƣǶĻҲкܴĹףһа֮˸л㣡
ȻŷҹĽ;ǶԵģǲû֤ѽǰģҪʲôⷴѽļֵ
ֻǴʱȴֲԤУǸļʦкܶûóڵȴЩˣΪǰѽ˽ֻǸո˵
Ǻǣ㲻øлңΪ֪ѽȻõģ¼ƵģȴǶһ޶ҵڶѸһơŷҹżЦ˵Ҫ˵ڰڻģҲûиѽͬˡ
㡭Щ˵һݶûУܳеˡ
ǺǣҪ˵һ㣬ҶѾµˣѽԻģǰҲΪʲôѽûгڰ˾ڻɣⲢ߼ŷҹŵϵЦºƽ
˵ʲô֤֤ǻĹŽǰĹŽܳɾԲԼļƻĻ˸ˡ
ʲô֤֤ǰĹŽŷҹʵһѽҪ϶ص֤㲻ңͨһЩ˽;Ŵӹɹİɣ
⡭ܳɵɫЩǺ죬ԥһȴҧϵ˵òѽȷͨһЩǳֶβģֻҪõһЩǮѣ˶ԽƫѽĳֵĵطҲð
ĻӦŬһѻ˵ĹŽֻĵĸλߣŻ޽٣۵ʱſܴﵽߵĳ̶ȣΪʲô֮ŷҹ׷ʡ
ľѾĬĬͷһѻĹŽĻĵλɾͻˣȻͬһѽһ뵽ֱĵ£Լµģǿ϶Ӱǵжϣ治İѽ߼ۡ
˵ѽǰŽȻ̰ƣǾԲΪǮƣɵʧȥԼܳɷŭغ
ҪżŷҹЦһ㣬ѽ˭
˵̫ԶѾ֪˵ˡܳ˵ţȴЩģ֪ʵ̫ˣΪʲôһοѽȻԼ֪Ķ༸
Ǿ˭͵ɡŷҹѽһ棬ָḧʣѽߣǻʦŷұӵͽܣ
˭
û˵һλҰ
˶׷ŲҲ΢΢üʷ֮ϣֻ˵һѲ֪ȥĹȴû˵һʦһŷұӵͽܡ
ŷұӵͽֻܲиɽһ
ǹŲţȻŷҹô˵һȷ£ŷҹһſڿӵˡ


41 
ǻԼû˵һλʦΪƾҶ׫һ֤⽣ǻĹŽܳɿɧңʱץסᷴˣû֤֤ȴҳ֤⽣ҰУ
Ǻǣ𼱣ҼȻ˵ˣһôҿҸͲҪ֤ѽԼͻߴң˭ŷҹһţνʣָˮʵ˵ʲô
ȻǴʦƵˮƣѹŽԡܳɻ˵ʲôȴŷҹˡ
⽣ϵÿһûظȻһ棬ȴȫҿϸһЩΪ󲢲̫ܳáŷҹ˵˼䣬Էתȥ졣
ʱҵĿⶼգգضŷҹ´ʲôʵݡŲԺҲһס˺ڵȴš
ĵƹȻֻһǰϷŷҹϣ˿¶΢΢۾
̧˫ۣһ潣һȥڽ˸оٵĶ
Ҳ֪ģֻֽһΣǰѽȻһɿת
ЩˮȻʱʧһӰ
ǺܿҾٴŴͣΪӰУ˸ֲʱҫķŹ⣬м侹Ȼһġ֣Ȼâ˸ȴȻܿʮΪΧĹŶָǳ
ôģ
ûһ֪ҲҪ𰸣ֻ֪ŷҹû˵ѣ֮ϵĺˮ·ĻƣֻǵװΣˣӡԼӡǡ
ŵâġ֣Ȼŷҹ˵ܿʧˣĵƹ𣬴Ҷ̨ϿȥȻֻվһһѡ
Σŷҹ΢Цܳɿȥ
⡭ⲻǸɺϣߡַȽر˵κһѽŪĻܳɴʱԼѾƵ˾·ϣҲòΪԼˡ
Ҿ֪һġŷҹȻЦ֮ϣͻȻȴѽһ飬ʱѪ֡

µ˶֪ŷҹʲôǸ˲ǻĽҲӦԲа˵ԲУҲǲϵ
ŷҹ˵ķӦֻеѪڽ׶Ĩ
Ļϼ¼һĻѪֻһعûһĽϣȻֳĸ֣һǹ֣һӡš硱֣·ϸСڣǻĹдɡ
һЩֱŴӳĻ֮ܳҲһƨϣɫѿ
û뵽ԼƵһȻᱻһƻһƻ÷ǳףһûС
ϲ㣬ѽһϹŽļ۸һǳ⣡Ųȫܳɵɫվصء
ܳʧϹĹѸһԹؿ˹ŲһֻۣڰʾԷʼɡ
ʵŲѾ׼ܳ߳ŭ֮£Яû뵽ȻûôȻ뿴ĽѻĹŽһղţ˵´ٳֵʱ򣬽Ѫ־ܱƻ
ŷҹ֪ˣֻ᲻мһЦΪʲôֻǵǰѰѽˣƻڽκζ
ǺãһһŷѽʲôʵƷŲʾŷҹ˵ȥ
·ĵ۷֮ϣǰ಻סڹȥ
ĻĹŽҿһѵһ
ǰǸ˾Ȼһʶѽȡ裡
ߣȻĶΪʲôĻŲֱ֪ܣ
ˣֲֻ֪ܵһ£ŷʦôѽİɣҵʮһѽ
ܳϺһһʱѾٴΰĿǰ䵽ŷҹϣȥ
ʼʱܶ˶ʶŷҹΪֻǹŲһˣƷǴ˿̣ҼֱͰǻۺ֪Ļˡ
ȻڳõһѹŽʱ򣬾֪ѽһܣֽ˶֪Ķǰ˿޷ڣⶼ棬¾ûбĹŽʦˡ
ãҾͶٸҽѽ顣ŷҹܳѾ˷ΪصЦӹԱһɾëϵѪһ£ո˵ѽӽϢĿǡ߽Դ棬ҶƷѽַϻԵЩЩ
һЩϸϹֵصӶʧȥ˱ӣѽʱҲΪߴŵ֮ģڸԲûеõ֮裬̸֮ģѽȻҲڹŽ֮еƷǾԳϲھģҾ֪һѶϽƷʾڴ֮ϣǿһƷԴĹŽǰѽȣ⽣һСӵѣԸ𲻶ûĽ֮ˣΪһѹھĽ뷨ʵ൱ɵġ
˵ʱ򣬴ҶԼͬؿܳɣû뵽ʦڻҪһ¶Է˻ɵһЦܴһղקöһİˣʵҲһˬ顣
Ҳû̫ŷҹĻ¶ǿѽĺŷҹ˵ǰƷԴģһѶϽֱӱǺԣǵŷҹ׫ˡ
ոռʶѽˣ˭Ϊѽľŷҹ˵ֻһСӵ˵ˣҲҪߵ֪ٱ
磬ȡ飬֮⣬ʵûйĵѽƷʻһ̨ףڣ˵һƷŽҲһΪ
ŷҹһЦʦıȻʦʱļյȷղ˵ùˣǫһ¾ͺã̫ˣԼⲻȥϾ⽣ҲʦʱΪƷ
Ťͷһ۰ܳɣЩˣһԼǧǰģûĹŽԼǰҫǳûҪȻҲڱݳ
ŹŲʾһ£ʾԼ˵ôˡ
Ų̻⣬վŷҹͷлŷƷʦ
ʱĿתһֱעŷҹϣȫȻûŲԵĻ
ǺǣŮʦŷ罣ҪŲЦǺǵشȤ
ܵŷҹҲͷĿ⣬ȻЩ죬ȻֻǸ½ʦʵϹѾ൱ḻ˸ɫɫȴĿǱޱؿ͸һͬǰѹŽǰܿԡ


42 Լ
һѽӽ罣ķӦҲǺܿ죬̾ʹӸղŵĴ֮нѳɫֳ飬ŷƷʵǾޱȣΪǽʾԶǧ֮õһϻŽÿһϸڶӲ۾һҸͬô˵ҶΪѽΪֹΪһѽû֮һλҲһô롭
ֱ˵˴ҵĿ
ѽ²õģҲǽԶƷõģǺǰܳһ˵һ䣬⽣ǹھĵһѽõģû֮һ
ȵ飬̾ͱ˾ĵļ۸ϣһҵսÿһ߶˼Ѫһذľ
һǧ򡭡
һǧ򡭡
ǧ˰򡭡
ǧһ򡭡
ûһӣ۸ѾֱǧķΧ
ȴûѡȥģΪ֪۸񻹻ʱһץŷҹĸ첲ʦ㵽ôģѽǰֱһܶûУȽɨҪ
㻹ǽŷɣŷҹһۼѵһѽʦ
˰ɣʡĸζ̫ٿˣһҪ־ء
ŷѽҰôʵ
ǺǣʲôŷҹЦͳĻĹŽȻȲؽȴʦͬţҲԵˣѽûнģ㲻õĽ֮⡣
ˣ
֮һֱûг֣һΪ۸ûеһΪŷҹ˵ģǰѽֵʲôĹŽŷҹ˵Ľ̫䣬һϿɣ̾ͼ뵽˾۵Ĵ֮С
۸˰ǧʱٶջ֮£Ȼһ·ǵ˹Ԫء
ŷҹҡҡͷû뵽ʦĸ֮ȻԪǮǺ׬ǲƵģ˵ûŵ֧֣ҪԼ׬Ǯʵǳ֮⣬ǮûС
ŵĹҲҪͨһ°ûǮûŵԴ֧ţҪߵľ磬̸װŷҹ̾ʦǵ̫ؾˣӦñͨһ
һǧһΣһǧ򡭡
۸ѾùŲԺˣҲ֮ǰΪܴﵽļ۸ھҪ˵ʱ򣬾Ȼֱ˴ˡ
һǧʮ򡭡Щرż۸Ȼֻʮ򣬵֤ҪĵĽࡣ
Ȼһǧʱ򣬶ԷǲؼӼʮһֱӼ۵һǧ򣬶Էǽš
Ҳüͷ⽣־ڱصãôȥ治֪ʲôʱǸͷֻܾˡ
һ£ŷҹУҲԿеԷܾܿҪѼ۸ȥȴһҪ
μ֮ٴΰ˾
ٽΣ۸Ѿһǧ
۵ʱԼӳˣڵ˾һּɴ֪˭Ҳơ
ԥʱȴԽԽòѾپȥˡ
ʱ̣һǧʱ䴸ɽ
ڹ̧۰ɽҲ΢΢һ
Ȼ׼һʽһС⡣Ҵҵ֮ҪתҲǺѵģ⻹ĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ǸйϵŷҹʶȻܷŵ̫ԶǶԷϢȴǲԶһ֮ڣһֱ۵ҲǸˣ֮եʲôѽӵеģӦҵһС
ĹȻǲ͸¶ڿ˵ϣܳҲΪԼأ˭Ҳ벻ŷҹʶܹ֮ѶԷ̽һ©
ŷҹĻҲ̾ʶΪʲôŷҹܶѽôϤˣԭŷҹʶ
֮Ҳ͸о˲ŷҹ˵ģѽӦĹڽ϶г˴⡣
ŷģһӳԨ̱֤
ţǾͺãйǼҲһץţڶ˵ҪһܵŷҹֱܻҶεĺˡ
ȻԹǿȭ¶ЩãҶεĺˣԼζҪ;ϣʵڲܣҲҪһΡ
ŷҹɣڵһֱĹԼҶΣһĺһЩرΪ˵Ƿ壬ҲҪġ
ǩһ֧Ʊ罣ŷҹһС
һϳ֮ŷҹͻȻһ΢΢üͷ
ʶӦ֮УǿСӾȻҲеΧڵȴſʲô֡
ŷʲô𣿡ŷҹɫ죬̾ʵ
û£żҵСӣż˵ⰡͲԼԼ
ŷҹмЦһȲùǣǸˣҪʲôҲµòĻżҲȥ
żңűǰҵĻɶԷˣһҾΧżҵĲҵż³Ŷã˵֮Ѿ˼ֵ֮ʱơ
ڲҵľߣ˵ÿһ仰ҵĽɣ˭ҲΥҲΥ
ǺǣżǱģҲͳ˸СҪżģǰһ罣ԽԽáŷҹȴǷЦ
ŷ˼ǡ˼ҪѽߣٰǮҲ
ⲻǺڳԺô
û˵⻰ȴǽסôġ
Ǻǣûʲô˼ֻҪǸһۡŷҹɫһ£ֻҪͼıǮ˵ҪǺλˣҲżҴӴʧ
Ҳɱ֮ˣȻ֪λŷҹеλãѽĻãżҸǰģǾӻţҲӲŷҹ׷ɱ
Ҳǿŷҹı£֪⻹ֻŷҹţһëı£˵˭ܶԸŷҹĻҲֻսѵ֯ˡ
űֱȻǲܵģĲ鵽Ǻ˵õѽűĽֿ֪
ǱǮûҪֻϾô˵ԼҲǴѽűģԼٰǮǿǲԼҲ
ⷽй˼ɣŷҹȴûκεķˡ
֪ݣԼһ֪ԷĽ¶ԷԼʱҲֻΪڸԼĶõֶΣǰһеֶζڸǵʡ
ŷ»㾡ҪԶ֣ϾڵĻһᣬһʲô⣬鷳кܶࡣ
⵹Ϊŷҹǡ


43 зִ
ȻŷҹЩ£ҲɱżҵˣҪǱʲôץ֤ݣǿҲǺġôˣҲܸҵزŶԿϾһ˵ж󣬸бµˣǱЩز£ġ
Ǵ˵֮еĹţҲڹ֮⣬һ㲻гͻɵӼЩš
ʱЩԣܿŶΧɱǿϵϣûܾȵˡ
˵ȻޣŷҹɶԷ֣ŷҹȴˡ
ģзִ磡ŷҹص
ϵȷҲɵģֻܶı˹䣬Ȼƣȴ޷ͻǰҲвٵĺߣϸߴ徳Ҳࡣ
Ҫಫֶȴ˲١ڴصֶҲȷ̫ˣҪϹĸ֣ҲЩ鷳ֻҪߣţ߻סġ
ȻڵܼǹҲܶ˺ΪҪС
صԼסǿһ½տҩȻٴδСʱڵȵҩȫҩʱҩ¯ȡԷһ£žһ
֪ͨһ½㣬ǲҪԼȻ͹˷ţԿʼҩ
⸱ҩΪ˳кͣҲݣΪֻҩһЩѣһڣ֪ҩЧǲ̫ڰԵˡ
һɹƱҩϢֱײ൱ĶֻǵʶѪŶ
ˣŷҹʱҲǲҵˣͷѾȫˮʪͬһĴէẈ֮̂ڶѾѪһڹ۶ܿ䶯һԽԽңһþҪըһ
ãȥ˵ǳأ·Ҫ߻ħɣŷҹｹԼһʱ嶯֪ҩû£Ҫǿͻƣֿԣ
ڵѾɲˣֻӲӲײ
ɫ죬һγܲסıԵʱͻȻ۾Ѿ˱ıԵ
ʱȻӦһ⣬һ侲
Ȼֻһ˲ŷҹȴֻ֪ʧǺԴȻһ죬̽˴ͷؽϻС
ģͨģ¾֮عλ
գ֮䣬ŷҹ˫ִӡȥһͷƭй
ʱؽȴȻһһƱϢŷҹ֮УЩ޷ҩк͵һ𣬱˴˾֮£ȻںΪһơ
ʱͻƣŷҹһҩ̾תľȫسŴصıϡ
Ȼһ֮£ŷҹϢȻ֮ӱ֮ƱڶԭǩһϢ֮Ҳ˲˼ʶ֮Ҳǿ˼׵ķΧ֮ڣԸӦ
ŷҹոյգʱͻǸˡ
ǵͷͻƵĴ󹦳ؽʱȴ⽣ϵɱȻһûˣԭ¾ıʶƽ棬һѷϢûеķ
ŷҹпϧѵһ¾֮ȻΪԼеĽ֮ͳһѷϽ
Ȼˣŷҹ֮ذؽŻ˽ϻ֮Уʦ˵Ž϶õŵʱ
ͷٿһԼϣֻȫ£ѪۣһɹȳζϴѬŷҹҪŻ
ת·ѵӽͰܽԡһʹ꣬ǰϵζˡ
ʱĵ绰ɴŷҵˡ
ŷҹɫһݡ
һֱǸˣѾݣֻһҲڳߣ˾ǹǸƺ׼ӳģӺܴæ˵
ţ֪ˣסǲҪ˼棬ע⹨İȫϾ͵ŷҹһ߷ԸţһѸٵػһ·
ŶʩչƲɱ֮ŷٻ˴ŵɻؿһۣ֪Լҵĵֲ֪ܵȥĶˡ
ƲѾЩ⳵ˣֻ·ϣҲȫʩչҪץȥƬоˡ
ѡһЩƫƧСӣǰٶƴ졣һЩ˵ĵطѡֱߵĴԽԵʱҲŹʮӡ
ΧһӦͷΧżͨʸǿһЩҸִڣӦŵˡ
ֱһԾ˵ı֣ûУ
һæʱ򣬷ŷҹѾվĸǰҪǶԷǵ˵ĻѾûˡ
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ܺãòǶ˰ɣڣŷҹԸһһ
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룬ʱЩڿǵƬ˵˵ã˵ʲôһҪ֮ĻʱʱǽһƱҲһ뷨
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ڼʮ֮ڣŷҹѾ¥ݳݵ¥Ǹڼ¥ʶһɨ֮£Ѿܸо˵Ϣˡ
ŷҹûȥܱˣֻǾȴŹĳ֣Ҫǹʲôϵѽô˰ϣε罣ûʲôϵ
Ȼ֪еӣֻҪĵһ£һˮʯ
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ߣܳɣ㵱ѣû뵽㾹Ȼƭңѽ˰ŽҲˣȥأȻҪõǮ֮Ͱ˦ǹѰ˵֮۾¶Ĩɫ֮ǰܳɻѡ
ŷҹҡҡͷǲҶεĺˣӶ̫ױƭˣǱǿãǱ⴦˲ƭƣ˵һ˵һֱֱɵ
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44 Ϊɵ
ˣҪװˣȸ˵һȸһ绰ΪʲôʲôϢҲûУԼﵽ
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ܳɵıҲߡ
ŷҹһ۾ͿԿʵһֺܺõݼ˵Щߵ˼Ļʱٶȶûб仯
ǣ㲻ҪˣѾ鵽żʵһƭȡҵΣֻͼıҼҵıҪǲҲѹŽΪһ𣿰Ǯ£ҿԲ׷Ļϸ˼ֺ⡣
֪żҸܳɵĹϵʵѾ̾͸ԷѣǾҪԷҲһֲѡ
ǺǺǺǣԭ㶼Ѿ֪ˣ֪ĺܲһûŪҵȷǸűһƭ㣬Ϊƾܰô𣿡ܳһ֪εѾ¶Ǿ֧ܰƱ޴ĻˣΪҼȻƭ㣬֪ĵϸһһ׼𣿡
˵ʲôһѺǹųǹֱŹ
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֪˾ԼȴκӰֻܱȭȻҪܳߵķ׷ȥ
Ÿոһżһģ˵ݵң
תͷȥȴʲôҲûпͷʱǸоһɾߴһ亹
Сʱ˵汲Ĵ˵֮Уд˵֮ЩߣǰţΪЩֻԼһѧܵñͨ˿죬ñһ˸߶ѡ
֪ԭЩ˱ԼУҪö࣬ǸոǸˣҪɱԼĻֱ練ơ
˭ΪʲôԼΪʲôԼţҪԼȥ׷ܳɣǱǮҪԼ
˼˰죬ǾǸ˵ĻݵſδţԼ׷ȥˣǸҪԼԼûлĻᡣ
ûиͣݵſڣŷҹ΢΢ͷСӻе֪֮ģ֪ŹҲ϶Ͳ˵ķݶ֪ԼݣȴȻѡԼ
˵ԣ嶯һЩӦòڱŪڹ֮䰡ŷҹ뵽üͷӦûԼ֪ɡ
ʵֻΪ˿һķӦǶԷûĻҲѾʶǣֻҪԨУ۶㵽ҵõ
˿ŷҹӲļֻǲظܳǸӡ
Ȼûȥκ˽ͷĴ㣬һ⳵һ·Żн
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ǵŷҹϵʱȴЩ͹żˣԭղſ⳵ģżҵˣǿı֮һҲŷҳֹ
ʱܳɵɫòҰݣû뵽ԼһֱΪļƻǴ˺üʾǸɵɵĹûƭ
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ǺǣܳɣżıôãΪһǮ·𣿡ǿҲ֪ĺϣͬʱһڰǹڶ׼ܳɣǻо仰̰Ĳ󣬱ǮżҷһݶܰŻȥϣƫƫȴҪԼɾ͹ֲˡ
Ը⣬ԸЩǮһȫǣֻҪǷң֪ܳЩ˸ȴһǲںȻҲںԼ
ǺǣҲͦʶģ㲻е̫𣿡ǿǺЦš
ܳɱŵúһ̬ȴŷҹʲôʱҲᱻԼŪһҪúĥһ£ķڷ֮һǹ
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㲻Ҫɱңҡܳɿǿһʾ⣬̾ԼСҪʱˣǴ󺰵һһܣ㲻֪ĻҲûҪң
ŶǺǣóΪһ𣿡ǿֹ
˵ġܳµľǿ˵Ѿɱˣæ־㿴ҵ󣬸ղұҪѹɱˣȴһڰֻһõϸ룬̵òһǸصĸ֣㲻֪ʲôطһɱ㣬֪ɱ㣡
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ǿû뵽ͻȻڳϵ˾Ȼһͷŷҹ


45 
֮ǰԼĸ첲жֶΣ˸ֻôһ˲䣬ѾٰһһұߵıھлǹѶԷɵ
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ֻһˣһ֣ݣʼնһӦʱ䣬ʱѾ㹻Ǳڿǹˡ
ŷҹȴãҪʱӦΪǿʶ֮ԼŶԷһһ˵ǿһ˼ʱŷҹѾӦ׼
ŷҹʶǰԷеĶȾѾ֪ͨһȻʲôõĽ
ǱڲŸոһǹûתʱŷҹѾһָжԷ̫Ѩϡ
߶ûкһѾȻȥ
ǿһֱڵǹǰ̧ͷʱ򣬿ȴŷҹϷʵĿ⣬ϲмЦתͷʱ򣬲ŷԼΪ̵ı͡˯ȥˡ
Ǹصĸ֣㡭ǸʦܳɿǸˣûк£ȸ漴ͿԭԼһֱںµǸظ֣ԭĹŽʦ
ϻ˵ǰ罣ǴŪģ˵һٻһŷҹְ̧˾Ҳ˹ȥܳɡ
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˵˫ִӻͳŲˮ͸֧Ʊ͵ŷҹϡ
ûʸ̸ŷҹҲذ֧Ʊ˹ⶫ˵͸һֽҲ࣬Ҫġ
ܳǿʼ罣ʼĩʼűƵĹƣżȻ֪һѹŽǸҵͷ˵ʲôűһЩίڣί˽򽣵ͷȥѹҵͷˣֻûҪ
Ⱥˣͬķʽҵ˹һűܳȥɺϡذѹΪϵԹҲ͸ܳɱȽϤҲûдʲôġ
ʱԽԽأҽԺ˵࣬һҪȻĻͳŲȥˡʱܳɾʱ˹һЩ׻˵ףѩ̿ѣôһǰܳɵԼ״һ
ܳʹûʲôǿģȰ׵˵ȻĻɾˡ
ű׵£ѼҴĹŽ˳ܳȥ
һֻ֮ҪѽűͿˣǶԷȴͻȻ֮ı⣬Ҫܳȥͳڵӡ
֪ű֮󣬿϶ɱԲŻذԲȾ˶ԲߣҪһǧ֧ƱǱӻذȥû뵽Ǳ׽
ǺǣҲһܺ߰ŷҹܳһۣż
²ҵǸܺߣǾűƭŻȥԸĻҸͲȥ˵ĻˮٲǰΪУܳɶŷҹ̬ȱùһҵ
Ǻǣô˵Ӧðˣŷҹ
ܳɵһ˿ϣ֮ɫȴǲ˵ʲôֻϣ͹ȴŨء
ǱˣѾԷݼƭˣֻϧŷҹʶһɨ֪ܳڵĹǼٵģ⵹ûʲôĽŶǼٵģȴеˡ
ͷʱ򣬾Ȼܱƽڳ˵Ͳܣܳȴˣζʲôζܳɾֻһ̰ͼСǮ͸űһˣҶԷϣһУδͲı⡣
ŷҹ̽鵽˵֣ǿЩҪãй֮޲ֻǴҶֵƭˣΪεһǱز
ŷҹԿԼ֮ǰһֵѨλǸոǿһϳͻᱻƷʱ򵽵˭˭ͲһˡǺԼʱ֣ĽҲδ֪
űǸϺ꣬ϺҲδؾ㵽ˣõˣҲһֱɡ
ʵʲôˣʵ˵ɣôűߵһģҪͼıʲôŷҹʵ
ֻһˡȻ̰ͼǮƣǡܳû뵽ŷҹ仯ô죬ȴװһ¶ӡ
ŷҹȻ̧֣ŶԷĺһģһϢڣѹҲڵ鶼ˡ
ԷҪ̧УһѸո̧ǹȻҪ˵ʱ䣬ųŷҹɱֻϧζܳɹˣ
ȥɣǿͻȻڳ׵ǹ
һʼǿѰᣬ֪ŷҹոôǸƷģǱڵǰǹĽűߣŷҹȻûпֻյĻҲ̫ɵˡ
ŷҹԸǸ˵ĻᣬѾѸٰǹ֮ľ룬ŷҹܻ
ֻû뵽ǣǹովʱѾŷҹץס
оԼϴĴǿ׵ƾ֣ԲŷҹĶ֣һѾͨεĳԿˣһԥؿ۶
ۡ
ֻܸһ죬ӵѾš
ǿû뵽ǣӵһ˲䣬ǹѾı˷һǹǰŵ˾ϡ
æҪǹĿȨûôʵʩֱѾһһתһ
ۡ
һеǸˡ
ǿѾЩˣʱǹѾתұߵıڷٴһ졭
Ӻŷҹ˳ְǸ˳ӵСȻӻһ
һͨ죬žһޱȵıը
˭ҲûпһѸӰѾƮȺУһǰⳡ̻𡱡
żұҪ֮ǰǿ񶾵ҪŷٻŪԼһΪͼı罣ϧһбɵֶΣƭȡΣٰβߣҲζҪǸ˵
磬Ȼڻûа취ȷ˭ʮа˾ţҶεĺеĹϵ
ǴһżҶ߱ȡ֮
ŷҹۿ˱֮ת뿪ˣ֪ܾȻʲôʱܵܰѳ˸ֻڳѾһѻˡ
뿪֮ŷҹҪȥżңűҲһ·һڻǴ죬Ǳ˿ˣǿҲá
ﵹûʲôνΪѾǶÿ˶ǹһԼǹ˵ģǸż׷ɱİȴѾˣˣűǸϺҲ벻Լġ
ΪԼǲԼõ
ŷҹصݵʱʶһɨѾ˹λãСӵǺ
㵽չҶ
ŷҹʵ


46 ǧҳ
Ȼһæعͷʱ򣬲ŷŷҹվߣһ£֪ϴǸǿԸˣ㣿ոǸŵҲ㣿
ʵǲţǰҪһˣȻһصĸ֡
ǰŷҹǿЩڵʱҲǸоԼǿһڲ֪ԷǿĿɲһԼ½ǶţѾˡ
ҡŷҹѸղŵظһ飬չҶ
ҵȻչΪʲôôʣЩɻȻһŷҹ󣬽üͷܳҵǮûץûǮĻҵΣˡ
ԭΪ˾һţҪԼǮ˭ֻ֪ŷҹԼһ˻ˡ
һһȥһ£ȸңҵ罣ǴģǲʶһҶˣ
ŷҹʵ
ҶˣûУҴûҵ˵ǰѽҼҴıΪҵˣûǮβҾԲóû뵽ܳƭҵģ˵˵ʱŭ
Ȼ֪ǰѽ˹أΪʲôԼȥ£ȥһôϤİˣ
ҡ죬ȴֵͷȥʲôҲû˵
ŷҹҡҡͷҲʲôԼ֪Ĵˣȥĸװɣ˵ܴеõһЩҶκ˵顣
߰ɣȥơŷҹתŽȥ
βǰһ漴ȥҵ˵úأҽԺˣٲ϶͡
ȥ˵βˣסԺǮŷҹҲǸТ˳ˣΣܹԭġ
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仰˵֪ŷҹǱҲȥŷҹΪ֪Լ򲻹ԷҪûǮϵβ£ܻƴֻҪǮģȫԲȥƽϡ
ҲûлɹŷҹҪƭʲôʵϣǰ罣֮⣬Ҳûʲôֵñͼıˡ
һ⳵Ȼŷҹٶȱ⳵һҲȴܴŹһߡɲҪǵ֮ȫ԰ѹɽϡ
ѣŷҹŹһСܹҲʮ˼ңשǽϲ̦ųʪùζ
һЩưܵľǰŷҹһۣŶ롣
Ȼ׼ļªŷҹüͷŴûһģĲϣðɫϲȥѿĲ
СԺ˵ذڷһЩƷЩǷϾɵܣһЩϣǽǻһЩǼ֦ľͷľԱһСջõĶ
ҼҺҰִǰǳȥ㹤ҪЩƷѧ˵ЩʱɫЩȻҲûʲô£ҵҲҲʲôùҪú
ŷҹĹļܸо˵ΣǰǸּѣǹӣһ֪ܲס
ŷҹֵǣԼļͥ˼ѵ£Ҳ֪ǰ罣϶ֵƣȴûдѽ⣬ֻһ㣬ѾѽܲУԲûˡ
ʱŷҹѾǲҶεĺˣҪһѡ
ݵĿҲһңƾɵľʲôУǽǡҲ洦ɼ
ŷҵ߷ŷҹߵķȥ
ŷҹʱȴĿһǽϣ֣֮عżδʵĳ
ǡŷҹüʵ
ҵԼģҲһЩûļá̻Ӧһѽȡݸŷҹۿ
ŷҹУָһֻһֹ˵ڶ
ĿǡѾܴﵽȫֻһϢܳΪ罣һĴڣŷҹ¶΢΢Цݡ
罣ǹҴӱӵģգȴٷ֮ŵļлԵشŽźʦķȻǧ꣬ѾЩȻܿ⽣ıʣʦﴫµַ
ǧǰʦַֻһˣǾҶΡȻҶһֱʦΪˣʦΪֻĹܼңʵ˵ĸѡ
ŷҹţѽǹ汲ģǾԲļҲõһʲôԼ֪Եʡ
ѽȻǹŽǱϵĳ˵ѾƷΪʲôǲȥרҪЩô׬ǮĹŷҹʵ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷЩεصҵ˵ˣЩֻǲһӾôѣ޹޹ȥ
ȥưɣŷҹ̾˿Ҳ֪еԭˡ
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˵ĺЩѣʱؿһ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͿҪһ
ƺ˶΢΢תͷ뿴˭ˡ
֣㿴û˵꣬Ѿ˸ŭ⡣
ԲǼûǮ㣬ҲûʲôԵ˵ģذɣһ˵Щ־ҵؿ
ҼȲҪǮҲҪĶֻһ⣬ǵҶչŷҹһЦѾµð˾Ųʮȴʵ
Ȼ֮һ㶣ﷺޱȵļƬ̺ȴɻʵ˭
ŷŷҹŷҹ̧֣ȶһϢԷڣҲóȷ˵úأ֪罣ǹֿҶΣôУ
һŷҹ罣˳ɫʱһѽϵóȥģ֮Լ棬Ҳϰֲ֪֮飬ԲŽܳɵ
ŷҹȻ¶˳ϵһ֮£ҲƲסˡ
㡭Ǹŷң
ùû뵽ǣ羹Ȼûע⵽罣Ѿ˿˵飬һȶԷֵ⡣
ŷҾŷңмŷңɻ롣
ûв´ӦҶεĺˣǴƽҲǹ괫ҶεĽǲǣŷҹʵ
ŷңû뵽һٿŷҵˣʵҲֵˣֻﶼҪץŷҹ
ǵĻûʶƽˣ
ż˵Բ£
ŷҹ֮ǰѾԷƣȻᣬǶ˵ʲô̫ѵ飬ֻҪϴҽԺȵǸҩŪҲûʲôˣοﻤŶԷء


47 
ȸ˵һ£ΪʲôչŷҹºЦ
ȥѽͼǵһϢԭֻǿ汲˵֮еĶˣȻ֮ŷҪԼ
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ɻţ֪ŷҹʲôΪʲôϵһ˵ŷô
ѸٵȥѼݸŷҹ
ʵҶҡ翴ŷҹӹףŽ͵֮йⷽҲмأ˵浱ʱܹǰĶݣΪԾ͸ңǰ֪ʲôԭһȥأ֪ƲԴǰ罣һ·ȥãûв鵽ʲô
ʱĹѾ嶥Ȼٲ鵽ʲôϢҶηֻܵصԼϢɴգֱˡգ·⻳ɣǸΪա
ҺҪѡһʹƽҰѵһȥĿǴһ˿ϣҪȵҵĺˣֻŷҵĺˣܰ罣黹һرľ֮
ȻΪʲôΪŷҹ֣ʵ
洫ѵȻǹǰǽˣԵ깤ǰҲҰ棬ûеõŵ֮ǰıֶΡ˵ʱһĳء
ֻ֪Ű취ԼúһЩȴƫƫȥжٵʱԼӶŮ
ŷҹ֮ϵļҳУҲѾҵ˹ڹ˵ЩļأȷҶεĺˣȻʼǺ˴ȥһЩôþ䣬ǵҶεĿ
ǧ꣬ǿǹңŷҹվŶԷһȥԲǣ
һǴʦģȷʦʱһ֮䣬ôź
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ǧ֪˶ٴˣȴҪʦĶ飬ֱǲ˼飡
ŷҹõļҶڵѾʦľ֮ˣѾʩرĹϵ
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˵ô˵ҲˣҪǼ£Ҳ岻֡
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˵ҪҲܹһЩ˵л뽣ţǿ˵ģƱҪö顣һ˵ԸоԼҲĺ˵ܲţҲԼ˵㣬һлÿŷҹΰŵġ
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ŷҹ˸ʲôϵԭҲҶεĺˣԱ𹨳縸ʵǲ̫Զˣ˾շҲ벻˽ţϵķҲ޲ʲô
壬㡭˵ʲô⽣ŷҵģǹֻǱһ£Ҫû¾͸ϿȥæȥԺٴǰѽˣûˣ˵ЩȻֿ
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忴һۣԷ̾ͻشյŷҹŷҵˣ˭֪Ǽٵģʲô֤ŷ˶ˣô˵͸ǰ׸ģŷǸʲôˣ⽣ǼҴǧˣóԺúȵصүүһţ㲻óܷѣ
ŷҹЩ治֪罣ܳʲôǺʲô
忴Ǹƺ«۶ȴǸһǽƽϣļصˡǧ꣬˭ļûһЩФӵܣ罣ܴڣѾǸ˼漣ˡ
ˣǱ̫ǳҲŲǼƽϣҵôãǲæһžҪǮôֵܵ𣿡ŭ
ǣôˣ˵ּҵʱǰǺñռˣǶɵ˭֪ǸֵǮҪ̣ûŶͺǹһӦ۾бſŷҹҿɲ˭ǮǱѶóŶӽ춼㣬ٲҾסˣ˭ĵù˭


48 Ǯҳ
磬׻˵ĺãֵҲˣ˵ɵҲܰǶͰ˵ҲôҲиܷѲǣ廰ȻǸʵһ˼
ŷЦˡһӵļƣ֪ǲˣЩεؿŷҹ
˵ԼɹڶµأȴһֱţΥ쿴ŷҹ֪˵Ķһ顣
ǶԷһ̧֣ԼھͻһůԭصҲͻ֪Ľŵķ
֮Թܰ罣񣬽ҲһԭΪܶ๨˶ţȵŷұӵĺҵǵʱһϵķϣ뽣ţԲŻһһ⻤ѽ
ȻмҲ˼⣬շתֶصϡ
˼ԼˣԼֵȴ̾ùҵ涼ˣ˹һƵģ粻ɵɫ
ŷҹľֻЦŰο˶Էһ£ȻŹ˵˵Ҳ罣ȻҵĶǹô꣬ҲӦر
ֵ˵ʹ죬Ҿϲˡһŷҹ˿ڣʱͻһЦݡ
˵ɣǾӦøǶǮŷҹЦЦ
һѽǧˡһſڣͺԼһǧĳһҲá塭Ҳʮ򣡡
Ҳȥгϴ۸񣬺һѽõĶ򣬹ŶҲۣҪľǶˡ
ȻҲ֪ǧĽ϶ҪһЩǹȴ֪ŷҹһţҲ̫رǮˣҪöҲò
˵ˣǸͷӾǸɵñҪǰǼˣǲϰѽóҲһǮ̲ţֻгɿڣʱ̵ô
죬ѽ汲һֻһˣһȻң͸һϵҲûУ˵ǲѽˣҲûϵһǮ֣翴ϱȻҪʮʵ̫ˡ
ҲóŷҹȻЩ£ֻͨѣҪóʮЩѡΪ˲öԷΪѣԼһضˣ˵ҲʵѽĴеȷһˣڼҹҲ˵ġ
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ŷҹʾҪȻٶˣǷǳֵ顣
ãҴӦǣʮԺѽг硢ӸҲûʲôǷ𣿡ŷҹͷӦ
ףȻףŮ˵ͻϲشӦ
ʮ鵽֣ǿɲһСĿο֮ơֻҲû뵽Ȼô˳
Ÿո˵ĿһʮǼҿɲһˣӣҶأٵҪʮ򡣡忴ŷҹ۾ûգһ£ʹӦ̾Ǽۺˡ
壬㵽׻ǲǹҵֱҪըˡ
ҪŷҹһֱڸڵĴŭ֮£Ͳˡ
磬⻰ɲ˵ģŷҲ˵ˣǮ֮ǼҸӣҲûʲôϵˣҪʮ򣬲ǰѽǶǵֵܸ飬۸ҲɣòƺЦЦ
ȭͷҪкʲôԣϵɲ̡
ŷҹ̧ڹıϵһ¡
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ոЩ͵ذп˹ȥϾͱʲôϡıһҿ
㲻ŪżٿƭǰɣͻȻʵ
ҪʮʮҪȱһ϶һżٿŪء
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޶һۣߵ棬ܿŷҹС
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ŷǣʦܵظϵĽзһ벻ԣ˼Ҷ˵ҪԼͽˣУһʦǾͷˡ
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褽˵ˣԶ˵ҩˣҩԼǲǲġ
һŷҹ֪̾ҩСѾͷ


49 ʦ
֪СŮʲô֣Էƺˣһһ򣬽еԼò򶼲˼ˡ
˵ʲôˣûйĸ鲨ôģԼĲҲüͷѡ
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Ҷ֪ˣ㻹ûҽʲôأȻƽˡСѾͷһЦҽɶӹƽˣ߰ɣǵʦǰ˵褽ĺûʦδޣ
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࣬ôˡͷѾıһشĸսۡ
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Ͷˡͷ˵ѽŷĶǾȻҪǮҪĻһҪѵЩФ
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΢΢̾һȻҲЩʧ𣬶ǲô
ȻǾͰпҰɡŷҹЦһ֡

Ӷˣ֮ǰġİôô׾ͲҪˣӦƤķҪɣѼǮ̧һҪЦԼŶԣ
ôҲˣǮˣŷҹ˵ı鶼ҲЩЦ
˶һۣӶԷ￴˺ڣŮ˶ڸղ̫ôûȴ⿨תһʵԼ˻أ
ʱſǮԺԼˣ˭뵽Ҫ̾ת˰
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ŷҹЦһ£ҡҡͷھûʮһƷʲ̫õĽеԿˣҾҪˡ
ЦѾԼͽˣһǻ˽һǧġʮ򲻹Ϊ࣬ټȻҶεĺˣ̫̰ʺŵķԲŸһЩѡ
Լ˶Է̰ĸԣǲƣˡ
УǮǲ˸㣡ʱҲǺ
Ҳ֪ȫ˵ȥˡֻҪ˼һһûǮûƣ϶εķݶ
ǺôҲǸһ𡭡Ҳ¶ִ󣬿ҪǰǮȫ»ȥǿҲܲˣҪʮ򣿡
Ұӳȥ
ܲԼҵܵˡ


50 ͽ
һͷͿɷһĹȫ˸ǿɶ֪ɵСӴܿúܣҺĻ
ƽǹȰܣû뵽ǹ׿˵ҪӳȥĶԥҩһţͳ߹ȥ
𡭡廹˵ʲôĸ첲ȴѾȥˡ
ŷҹȴǵڣ֣ڳ֮ǰǻĳ񡣡
ѾҪϵ֣һŷҹڣ̾ͣ
ŷҹʦϵǰ˵εĴ˵ˣһڶŷҹĻϵ˵һ
Ǯ£߰ɣԺҲˡ
ŷҹ˼ף֮ǰǳ֮ȻͲˡ
ˣҲĺܣΪϵţҪǶˡ
ȻһٶʮԸ⣬ǿŹ˵Ǳ飬֪Ҫ˵֣Сӿ϶ᷢ쭰Ƕӳȥ
Լ׶ӱһŮ߬ý֣ѿŷҹ
Ǯ͸ǵˣ߰ɣԺ֮ǰǷŷҹ
Ҫ͹һЩԵֻϧץסҲˣ˸ǿ󲻵á
˵ǰһæسŷҹͷһСܶͳ˴ţŷҹʱת⡣
ֱܵ˴żףͷ͵͵һۣû׷һ
˿ĿӶЦ
ոյõ̫ף˶ⶫˣɸողһֶûˣٿÿң
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οǰĹҲҶεĺˣǸӶʮʺϽŵķ
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ʦǸһǴ۶ԼͻСʦ
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ڰУһװεøûʵı΢һֽŲã´ӽ׵ĸǽϷԽȥ
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ҪϺˣѸٶȥʱȴͣΪʶӦУżһǿϢ֮ίǸصʿҪΣա
ŷҹоϢ̾ͣԼĽŲĽ̸Ҳ˽⵽һЩŹ֣ڹҲֻǴ˵Ľ׶ϣ̫浽ʲôӡ
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٣ԲһʱУԲҪűҲֳڨڨ֮ɫ֪żٲöԸû뵽Żһ죬ͰԼŷҵ¶֪ǰѽȷҪ͸ٵģֻòûе֡
ңѽ𣿡۾΢һ£ȻѾЩˣΪһŵӣʲôıûмΪһ׵ķȥһ֣ͨΪŵĵӾǿΪ𣿡
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û뵽ԷôУԼֻ˵һûĵԷѾ˼ɲ£˵ЩȻĳЩԼǾɱ˸ˣһҲûʲô¶Щط鵽˶ȥܡ
ǵĴ屳ŹߵӰҲһ棬һЩǳֶΣҲһ㶼ʲôغȻָڲֵ¡


51 
ɲΪԼĶ⣬ҪǰɴٸŭˣöԷΪԼһҪǿɾ͵ʴˡ
Ϊ˰ŷҲӶûˣȻĽпǸ˰ǿͱڸɱˣⲻҪŷҹһҵľġ
Ϊҵ̿ŷҹϲԼҵĶӣҲԼûʵ£ҪȥżҵԸңĻԼĶҲ
һɶŷҹһһëǮû˵СӻҸԼĶŮˣһỤ̊Ů˼ֱʲô۹⣬ŷҹǸСʲôȻԼĶӶԼӣպСż˵һԾܱżһҪţһжѾͷƻˣ
Ȼ޵Ҳ˲ϣΪֻҪһ̧־ͰɱˣһֵĻҲûУΪŻ뵽ȥöԷֻͣû뵽ȳԶԷԼ
٣㡭ǧô룬ǺôҲͬͬ棬ҲȥٵģԲңҲᡭűæر֤š
ȻԷʲôҲûֻ۾Ѿо͸ĵıѶѾʪ͸ˡ
ߣãˣرڵŵӣǲԸȥЩҵϵķģԺЩͲҪˣҶ֮ĹĶǣһȤҡҡͷת΢һѾ˼֮⣬˸ӰѾżң䵽һ֮С
űǰûӰǾһ£ž΢΢һ
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űаʱȴû뵽һȴһ˵Ķ
ŷҹȷȷʵˣԷһ¡ԷΪӦǹûΪԭǸίʿҪǿһЩֻϣԼƲҪϲֻһ
ҶԷ˿ûвԼĴڣɴ˿ɼˣȻҲǿͨ˵ʶûУĹ󶼱ԼҪһЩ
ŷҹ֪ǣɣڻĹɵĵӣһЩСɣɢޣЩĹͻӲˡ
˼ɻ᲻ŷһңĲܲʱűġŷҹжȻһߣȻ䲻ͬȴ֪žһЩͼ湦ӡ
űļıνֻҪһʱ䣬ҵᣬ͵ɵ
ŮòҲδؾܲģЩֻҪģֻһͨŮѣ϶˼ɵˣһɻ鷳ء
úܺãٷĻˣΪˣ
űβܰ͵Լȴܲ¶棬ֻҶɵĳޣͻȻëȻ
˭ոȻ֮䣬û˵
οô룬Ҳ벻ŷҹ֪ߵģҲֻǸŴˡ
һ뵽ղŵĻȥ֪ԼоһȦðź
̧ͷŷҹʱ΢΢һžʹŭ벻㾹ȻܵҼ˰
Ѹٳ˽һŷҹİˣȻҲǳһոĲˣôһȻӣʲôʱģǻǸʲôʱȥģ
ɱԼֻҪϢȥɱ˸ˣ㴦һ£ûܲ鵽ͷ
űߵĲЩֱӺͼˣɲȻʲôǡ
֮֮ǰһֱûаŷҹȫˣֻɱҲ٣û뵽ŷҾȻ뷭ļ󣬼ֱǷˡ

ڵņ̀ŷҹһһ˲˾ͰһŴֻʱ䣬ϾֻʣѺڻҡ
űŵһ̱ڵϡ
ɱ˺ͱɱָоǰɱ˵ʱ򣬴ûио¹ڿԼ£ֻһŷ͸ˣʱЩΡ
ոջ̧־ɱڿŷҹָоŷҹֶΣɻҪߡ
Ȼˣ֪ŷҹͨҲȥŷ֣
𡭡ɱҡűָͷڶ¸ͣŲڳЩ˵
ɱ㣿ǿṩ֪ĶˡŷҹЦһոǸ˭ʲôʲô䣿
ǸżҵɣżҵСӡűѾŷҹôᷢǸɣûзԭˣһжǱҪֻ֪ǺСʱͱһĹ߿Уɽ»һ˲ٵ˼ŴģǡʲôţĲ֪ɸͲ¶棬ǼǴĹ֣˵ҲЩŹߵֻ֪Ҳȴ֪ʲôҡĲ֪
¶ԷΪԼƭģһͣر֤
ŷҹ˵ͷ˶ڹ˽ⶼ࣬ҲһЩСϢѣҪ֪ڵĹ״ֻԵЩ֮пһ²ˡ
ֻڵΪ϶ǲеģǸոյɣʵҲҪҪǿ϶Էֲʲôˡ
ϴǸίʿһԷʵҪȻ˶ǴأŸ֮ģֳҪԣ͸ΪǷʵˣʱǸίļһˣûзӦѾԼĽ֮£Լʵûзӳ
ýڵҲܸɿ⣬ȱڣܰǾ޴ĽЯţԶɣȻܼ֡
ŷҵĲҵ⣬ڵƲǲĹ
ŷҹȻ֪һ㣬ȴǿʵ


52 ɱ
ǣԲңǡǡżңǿŷʵǷչ̫죬ֻ˼ʱѾܸҿ⣬ͷչȥֻòʮ꣬ԨͻٶһŷҳΪ塣űʱԼӣתʵ̫ˣҲ൱֣ʮǰżû֣ʮʱͳɾһңǲŷҳΪһңԾͽҵǣżҵĲôô°ŷŪ
ŷҹЦһȻ֪ŷҲӦñżôŪֻΪ׵űˣټԼǰƣΣʱŷɽûȥṫ˾ʱ䣬ŵ˽Ľ
ű˵Щɣŷٷչʮ꣬ҲܳΪңΪɲֻʮĵֻ̣һѡ
ŷȴǰңԨһûУ˵䲻ĻŷһһȻһвŵıҲվҪʮϰĻۣſٽһǵȦ
ܺãȥӰɣŷҹ˵
㲻ɱң˵ֻҪҰ֪˵ͲɱҡűȻףԷԼĻ֮󣬲˵ʲôֻһ·ߣϺ꣬Ȼ㶼ûп͸Ҷӵģ
żǰұƵ̫ҲֳŷҹһĨŷѾŪƲȴ˿ûзŹǵ˼˺Ҽͷˣǲϵġ
ӦͰȫɱֻû㵽Ȼôһ֡ű֪ԼûǰôˣҲǹˣ
ʵ̫ˣЩӦ֪Ķ֪ҲûáŷҹٴͳһûűһѻϾԼɱ˿ɲʲô顣
һȥģ㲻˽һᡭ֪ҲǹߵĻ˵Ȥɱ㡭űû˵꣬Ѿ
̾ͱܵһһͻ˺ڻҡ
ŷҹһżҵĳ裬һѻȫˣ﷢ʲô飬˭Ҳٲ鲻
뵽ӦûסŲٲɵˣҡҡͷǾˡȻɱ˿ħͷɱ޹Ҳ᲻˿Ȥ
һӣ𼸵ѵϵѺڻҶɢӰ٣ӵڶֻ֣ᷢűʧˣỳѾˡ
뿪ż֮ŷҹӽʱ˴ڵΪ̫ͣҲֻƳֵͽ׵ķΪҲԷһ
űǰ˵һĻЩͳʤĹؼ
ȻɸĻĽҲĶ֡
ڼҲ罣ղأʾˡ֪ɻ᲻ῴǰѽȴ֪֮УѾһŽϢĽˡ
ֻһ㣬һ⽣ҲûݣҪĻ׾ܲѽʱֻ»һЩ鷳
ЩţֻڵΪ֮ԿԾǲǵΪ
һɾѾѶȵˣο֪жٵɡ
˹һʱ䣬ʱͻ֮⣬߾ָ㹨͹
ҲǲҪѹй¶ˣˣҶŹ䣬֪湦ǻͷŹ֡
ۿżűʧٵûʲôӦֻǽűֵǿʼĬĬšǴļҲ֮Ҳû˱Ϣûκε춯ŷҹҲǷǰɽһˡ
ŷҹĵ𽥽űֻΪɵѣǸȻǹģδؾͻͨ˶֡
ȻҲҪڶԷûʲô֮£ԹŴûʲôģǸ˵֮Щɷǣһеȣǲܵġ
ֻҪ㹻գҲɱԽ֮ǿֱ׳Ϊһжǰȭͷ˵˭ȭͷ˭ĵ죬˭žԵķȨ
֮ǰŷҹȥһ˴ãΪ׼һЩ˵ҩģҲұ֤ɽûʲô˵ޣȻڻŹߵĴڣһЩ˺Ҳδ֪
˳ָһЩΪϴεҲһƲ磬Դϴα֮󣬾ȻҲûɧŹ褣ҲûԼ鷳⵹еˡ
ɲǸӸô󷽣ľôˣƾԷļֻҪһ̾ܰϢġ
ûӦǱʲôסˣǾԲΪԼ鷳
ҪһģŷҹȴôԼȥɽȥѰȵ꣬ҵ˾ͻƵˡ
һĻûУȻȥŮһʵͨ˻ҪһЩȥĻǾ͵Ǵһ޴޴İɲȥεġ
źһ֮漴̵ǰʡķɻ
ѧУĿγǲȥˣҲƾԷҪץ;
ֻǵ֪ٴοʼΣһǳڿ֮ȴССԹһ¡Ҳ֪ʲôʱȻǶŷҹûиһкߣʼЩСˣϸ룬˼ҲȷûʲôҪкġ
˷ɻŷҹССظ̾һ£ȵʱͿ̤У˻֮ٽһȥһ¾֮ϵȷɻ졣
ŷҹҲûᣬϾ˶ˣҸиĻֻҪԼҲȥ⡣
ʶڻɨһ£üͷ΢΢壬Ȼмϴˣ͵͵ԼŮˡ
΢΢̾һһọ́ҪһҲǲˡҲ֣ǷᣬЩĿŵҪڷɻ϶ԸһŮˣǾͲ³⣿
˵κһطҲڷɻϺðɣΪ飬˭߲ˣʱ򻹲һҪץ
Ҫ·ɻ֮ٶ֣ŷҹš
뵽ŷҹ۾ʼϢҲˡ
µ̫࣬ԷǰҪԸһŮˣ϶֣Էǰ֣ԼҲûһֱȥٱһزʶŮˣǵԵԼˡ
裬û°ɣëַ˰ɣô죿ŷҹǰŵһĸŮʱŮؿĸס
ǸŮмַףŮ֣ŵûû£Ҳ֪ëһͺˡ


53 пն
ŮӻǺżҲף˵ڷɻϣҽԺЩҽҲûʲôõķΣÿθһЩĪҩҲôá
裬⵽ô¶Ϊʲô⹫˶ѵŴŮĸ׺һЩ֮󣬲Ų޵ĵʵ
Ҳֲֹ֪Ҳûа취˵긾Ůʱָ˲٣Ҳû̫ˣǰֻӣͺһ˾˵ģ⹫ڱҸأ˼㲻Ҫ˵Ҳӣʡ⹫ӵġ
ţ֪ˣҪŴĻ˾ΪʲôûأŮЩɻ
˭˵긾Ůֻ̾˿ſοİɣ˾û£˵ⲻŴģֻǴ⹫趼ֲ
ʵҲ˼ŮæͣҲԼҲòֻǾǶ̫ˣҪ취
긾ŮˣҲЩΣҲ֪ôȥĻһ죬ǸڵĸһʱܲС
ˣ˵Щˣп˶ȥݰ˵ҵһĴء긾ŮЩοԼƵĵ
裬ôôŰЩǼٵģ˵ٱˣ׹β˵ĲŮ˵̾סڡ
֪Щ鱾Ѿĸ׵ѹܴˣô˵Ļֻܡ
Ůԥһ£æ⣬ȥ⹫Ϸס죬￪յҪöࡣ
ǰǺǣǿһ鱦أɾͲˣ㲻ϢǾסЩӣ˵⹫һˣҲܺһЩ긾ŮҲ͵
ţǾͶסһʱɡŮҲͬ
ŷҹû⣬˵Ů˶ͬĲ˵⹫ϷӣñĿյҪͻȻһ
ǴڴüǸˣСһж촺ˣʱϵĺ壬˵ѩɽһرĵط˯һҹ֮󣬾ͳӡ
ԭǴɽҵɫ֮󣬾ȥѩɽǸˬ֮ء
ոĸŮĶԻٿŮĲ̬ʱĶ촺ȻҲЩ񣬶ƺӣҲһˬ֮أ̾һЩʲô
˵ѩɽǸطĻϷӦþûд˰ɣ
벻ԼҲĶȻֻԵҲ
ŷҹһ뵽̾Ϳ˵һ˵а취ϵĲ
ҽŮ̾ϣͷʡ
ֻıܷӦѣ֪ԼеˣҽôողѾ˵ô׹ٵרҶˣû취κĸ׵ĲڷɻһʶģҲ֪ĶðСҽܰѲˣ
ʲôЦ˰˳Ǹոմҽƴѧҵ֪βжѣͻԼжͲûԼǻ٢תȵˡ
ǡŷҹܳʵسˣǸѧҲβ
ã¶ˣһͬģ˸ǸҽѧҵǸûҵ
СӣΣǵĽʦˣҲһεúá긾Ů˼Ҳģû˼˵ʲô𱸵Ļ
ʵҲ֪ŷҹʦҲ϶βãҪεúãҲԶȥ׹ȥͬĴҽԺȥҰ
ţ˵öԣʦ϶βãҴѧʦǽ̹ѧģǶβУһԡŷҹڱʵ
⻰û˵ʱǰǸŮѾڱһ˼ˣأ
ȷʵѧѧұʲôְΪ˭󺣡ܰѲκˣβԼûɣ
²ŮһĸҲеΣСеˣֲ˼˵ʲô
ŷҹԱ߶ǸŮˣȻΧīɴʱҲƺЦ⣬Ǿŷҹǹȥ˼ҵڨмֺЦ
ǱϾ˼ǰո˵ԼĲΣҲ˼Цֻôˣֻһˣ۽磬û뵽вôģ˼ŮƯôŵĽڨ
ô׵ģŷҹֱӾͱԷ϶һˣһһòôĻӣȻϵ·ôΣõжҲôá
ŷҹоԱ߶Ů˵Ц⣬벻ԷͷǰǸŮҲˣȻĲǳҲֻǲѣǱ̣Ǳ褣ǲһضŷٻҲȲϣԻûʲôע⡣
Ǻǣȱæ˵ܲεúòҰһҲʲôɣβȻ˵ˡŷҹͨԷĲ̬жʮа˾ǲˡ
Ǹ긾ŮҲһ㶣԰˰һҲûʲôţԼֲСˣѸܳʲô
뵽긾Ů۶ȻԼŮЩɫ˲ǽʽӽʵǿŮ˰ɣ
ˣһѧѧģôűѧأ֣ҲһϲҵǸŮҲŷҹԱ߶ǸŮһִڨʵ̫ѷˣѧУǸһСʱ˴οˮԼǰдء
СӣԼԼ֪鷳ˡԼŮ˵еҲеӲˣ긾ŮæҲ˵˾䡣
ϵ˶ôң˭֪һʱڿľʲôأ˵ٵ˺á
ǺǡԼŮˣŷҹҲһһı﷽ʽԣԼβȻԼһҿĻһǷʱһƬŴʹƵĸоһпƲסĻЩĿۣӾţǸղŵ˵㸸׵ĲӦñĴ࣬ʱһЩ
Զԡ긾Ůһ֮£̾ʹ˾ҲٵĴ򣬵ֻǿһۣȫ֪һǴûУ
˿ȫǹ⣬ҪģǮԸⰡ
κùһˣǲ֪һһŷҹͷҪѹ֪֮
긾Ůһݹȥʱ򣬾Ա߶Ůˣţˣβţ
βֲͻΪһɣŷҹƽؿŮһۡ
ۡ
Ա߶Ů̲סЦһ£æǰŵĸŮͷʾ⣬ʾԼǹģʵ˵̫Цˡ
裬ģʲôƭûУ˵ƭʲôءŮһסĸ˵ղ˵ģոշټһ²ұģɲ͸һƭҲ̫ͼˡ
ƭŷҹҲˡ


54 ҽţ
ԭΪĸŮ˵ǸˬϷʱΪԼʵĻԵû뵽Ȼƭӡ
Ǻ¶һҲ˵ˣȻ˼ҲԼҲûԵˣҸһߣֲԼҲûôҪ֪صʲôֶ˵ҲǱģ˵ˣҪʱ򣬲ŻԼ취أҵҲûá
ŷҹͻȻ˵ˣŮΪǱԼ˵ˣöԷϹȥԼԭĴأʱļֱġ
ҪڨҲô׶ɣǹŵģŮ˵һ䣬ֻŵúᣬԵĸҲû
Ǻǣҵʲôⶼڨ㣬ûôŷҹ˶ԷһۣŮˡ
㡭ƺǿŷҹĲмŮһ˲Խ̾ܵ˴̼һɸߵŭ
ŷҹȴǵʲôҲûпһԹԵذ۾װ˯
ŮҪӣȴһȭ˿մɵСҲЩףƫƫ˵ڡ
ոôСʲô䣬Ҳõ
ЩȻûа취˵ڵģֻǿȴҪȻ϶ᱻƻġ
ǶԷ˯ȥûа취ܹܲȥһﳶһҪ˵ɡ
Ҫʲô𣿡
ͻȻǰŵλãսߵһ˵ǰֻԷڶͷ϶ϸܵĺ飬ȥʹӡ
˿սʻҪʾԷԼĿڴҩʱͻȻ۾һ˹ȥ
ճԱ̾ͰѲƽڵϣҿٵشӶԷʾĿڴҳ˼ҩԷĿСǻߵûʲôתҿɫϣڽǵ̵Ѳϵش嶼ڳ鴤ţڳŶ񻯵ķչճԱܹһЩȵĳʶǰԲܴġ
󹦷ھ˹㲥ѯʳ˿ǷҽԱЭλߡ
һ£׹³ҽѧԺ޽ܿˣһ²ˣ
֮󣬴̾һȻܶ˲ԸϣĳЩ棬׹ȷǱĵˮ׼ҪһЩһЩҪͻϣ׹ȫˮƽġ
׹³ҽѧԺһ൱ҽѧԺǴҽҲǷǳ˲𣬲ҽѧ繫ϵȨרңǴǸѧԺҵġ
һ׹ҽѧרңղǸǰŵŮҲתͷŷҹҪһǲҲȥ԰һ¡
һ֮£ͼ˸һǶ۾װ˯ȫû㲥һ
һӣʲôҲ˼׹רǰ϶ͲˣȻǲԼԼô
˴ҩѾֲõļҩˣҪҩҲûа취ЧĻֻ˵Ȳɻء
޽ܿ˿ſսǣź̯֡Ļû˵꣬˼ѾǺˣҲΪ˵˷ɻصʱ򣬾ͿѾˡ
ɻϵĳ˿Ͷ΢΢̾˵ǲãԼҲ湻ģȻһ˵ķɻ
ﻹһβˣ
ǰŵŮΪһֱûзйʱŷҹһӦҲûУȴǴ˳뿴ôԼҽġ
ǸĲͬǣĺδʱŷҹѾվŻȥ
֮ǰûһֱʶ˵Ĳ飬ֻҲЩ֣˷һˣ̽ʱڲһĲͺһ˵֧һ
ŷҹβı£ǴӴмʶĸñһҪãȴԼжߵҽҪһǸʲô³ҽѧԺרûʲô취ڿҲûʲôֻͣԼһˡ
һ£ԿŷҹǸȥ³ҽѧԺλ޽ܿҽ
˭ڲʺƶҪȽʺϼȵҩѾԹˣΨһľǵȴȥκζĶ١޽ܿҽʮָּŷҹһְҵжϡ
˵ʲôҲֻ֪֪ڲֻ֣֮ڶϾȻ㶼ûа취Ϊʲôһԣŷҹ̹Ȼ
Ǻ֣Ҳ־ͦùȥأǶϾһ˿ıɱıɱ㶮֪Ļ
һ仰˵꣬ŷҹǰѸصָʱ޽ܿ˼ȲܶҲԣ˼ֻؿŷҹȥȲˡ
սȻҲϣܹѣ޽ܿ˵ĻҲɵûɣŷҹǰˣǲǰԭε飬𣬡ĸҽԺҽ
ҲҽܾˡŷҹʱѾַ˲˵ϣһϢ̽˽ȥ
Բ²̫ʡսæ˵
ʲôЦ˼ҹ³ҽѧԺҽûа취һҽǵˣʲô֣
˵ˣܾˣҪҽʸ֤Ҫһܾ˵ˣŷҹʵһҲͣ٣ȡ
ǡճԱǲðա
仰˵ǲû̫ΣмһûҽʸȣĽʲôⶼûУһȻˣɾʹˡ
ǰѲ˽һҽȣһѾܹˣǶҪܵ֡
⼸˻ԥţŷҹȴҡҡͷǻΪһҽִգܰ˵Ĳκ
仰˵Ѿ൱ˣǸոǸŮΪŷҹᱻǿдߵʱֻΪ׵һȥԴһЩĿսԥһ£ȴǰ༸
ҪʲôԾ˵ǿսǰʵ
ţ׼Щˮŷҹսһۣѡ⡣
Ȼ˵ģҲǶʮ꣬һȫְҵװְ̫ҵȹߣ˵ҡ
˵עŮڼս֮УҲƯһˡ
ŷҹķԸ֮󣬿ս㿴һԼͬ£Ѿȥæ׼ˣòĻһõġ
ŷҹЩ׼ʱָѾ˵ʮ£ÿһ¿ȥأ¡ˡĻһĻ֮󣬲˵ɫȴԵ˲١
ԱߵĿս㿴ǰһΪԼոյѡȷңϾ˭ҲϣԼĺϳֲ顣
⻹ֻһʼѣŷҹͰе뻺Ѱλãһȥ
һ뷨ŷҹҲûùֽ룬ȻǴ˵뷨ܴŷҹûҲֻһİա
ʮʱ򣬲˵ĳ鴤Ѿֹͣ


55 ϵ
սոҪһ£ֻǸڵϵĲˣʱȻȻ۾Ǻ£ɲŸոտһ֮󣬿ս㾹ȻŵáһȥԱߵҲҪһµ׷ʲô״
ȥʱֻǸ˴ʱ˳ޣ·ŷҹǾˣǸɱ֮𣬶֮һ
ȻѾ鴤ˣȴڷţɲ֪ʲôԭôûа취˵ŷҹˡ
ţŷҹʱҲѾо˶ԷĲͬ˵Ҳǵˣȫûٱǹѹƣȴûлָ⵹ǳ֮ˡ
ңȻҲúҧгݵκһˣ̲סҪ
ŷҹǰһ˵֮еһЩģľ黹̫٣мҲûмĶ
ֶ˵ȴһҲõˡΪ˲̫˾̫ˣһ߶ʩ룬һ߶ְһϢԷľ֮С
ս㿴ŷҹæµҲЩ㣬æǰҴӵץŶԷĶ
ŷҹ΢΢ЦſǸսһۣ־ٶʾ͡ոҲ˳սͬԼĻܻܿﲻ֣˵ûðһ𶼿סȻʲô⣬һҲЩ鷳
ŮʮذԵøӻˡ
ڵʵ˵ʵսŷҹ仹Ҫϼֻ꣬ŷҹת֮ǰѾǸˣż˵ǷֲԼݣսҲһòСŮ
Ϣһ뵽˵֮У̾Ͳ˱֮ղĻҪǿЧ
˿ʲôŷҹȴܸоһǸȻڱƥؽϢԷɿٶĨɱš

һҽУڶԷոſʱ򣬾Ѿŷҹѿ֮СһֿϢһֻ׼һ˲˵ϡ
սһĻ춼£ոǰ˵ȷǰ˸ˣʲô
ѵǾøովȵòףҪٰˣپһΣ
սҲԼ뷨һ£æ˻ͷ
ʱŷ֣ŷҹе붼Ѿȫ̵˵ڣŵֻһ˵ҡ
ȻסͣǸȴȻӺбʵȻʹൽ˼ӡ
㡭㵽ʲôսҲ֪ǰʲô״ˡ
ھˣɱˣ
ŷҹȴûľ㵣ֻԹԵؽԭȾͼƻõһв
ۿսҪһǰֹʱŷҹҲͻȻ͵һ֡
ڡһ˳漴Ǳٴס˺һٴͣ
ŷҹһסԷ°öԷ޷ٱ죬ͷ˳ʮֿɲ
ǸҪֵĿսҲǱһ˵ͷȻЩڣ۾Ҳ˱Ѫɫ£һûмʶֳŮôǰȥ
ֻһ飬ŷҹһֻнѾٵشȥĿǲſĴ졣
ۡ
һѪӲ˵ð˳
ŷҹùǱ߿ճԱ׼õˮ룬ѪҺȫεˮ֮ʱȻ̵ðżƺһζ˸Դһᣬ׵˵ϡ
ҶԶֻнļսֻܿҲûע⵽һĻ
ʱҶǴһƬհףǸŷҹֵĿսҲһǶǿŵϵĲˣֻһͷˣ
ոջ˱ˣȻеˣôһոձõ˸ˣ
һʱ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣֲٵĽ˭Ҳû뵽
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˵ֵĿս㷴Ӧ죬Ҳǳɵʵû
ŷҹҲǱһֿڣ˵ĻҲͰ𣿿ȥɣһѡ
սȻһϲȴ̲סֹһ͸ղЩûǲžǰء
ЩսʻǲģֻĹ򣬾Ѿ¿ˮ˹
šɴʱǸʵ˺﷢һ֮۾Ҳ
ˣոձѨ޽ܿҽĿɿڴؿǸҲ޲ߵĲˣ۾ʱһĲţϵ۰𣿡
Ҳ治ϵ顣Ŀսʱȴһ΢΢һЦŷҹͷʾ⡣
Ȼᣬǹֻг˲ŻɢϢȴҲЩΪ֮ˡ
ֿ˧ͻȥŮӣǵһԼĶˣǲɵͨͨš
ŷҹֻòػӦһ£ĿתǸ˵ϣԼ֪Լֲ𣿡
ҡ֪˱˷صλϣƽϢһϢŵղ̫лˣõʲô취ֲǼŴûεˣ롭
İɣԺǲٸˡŷҹаյ˵
ģԼոձȻ˶Ҫ
ʵÿһηʱҪԼŲȥʡýҪ޾ĥǰȴ˵ԼѾˣġ
ոѾоĲͬǰ֮һһȻҲЩۣȴʲôصĶӵһִδܹɡԵŷҹ˵ѾȬʱ̾һ
Һ֣ôֲֹ˵ǼŴŷҹкܶ໰˵˿϶Լ˵ʲô
֪֪ԼòĸԭǱĥôãһͷҲûС
ʱĻϵҼȥһˣκεҪֻҪܰҼ˰ֲκãȫӦƺҲŲ˵飬ȷԼ֮̾Ͱ˼Ƶŷҹϡ
ֻҪŷҹȥԼβûʲô᲻õġ
ȥɽΪ¶ѣ֪ǲɽģǵĻҽڻȥˡŷҹǸ˵һ䡣
ȥɽɻתѩɽȥһأɽﶼҪĶֻǲ֪Ҫòҵ
ҵļˡ˵ʱҲ֪ЩǿˣǶ׹ǼﶼѾȥһֻȡһЩû뵽;Ѿ㲻ȥˡ
ˣŷҹЦҡͷ
һûпţҵĲ֪ܶ˶;ȥģ˵ǸüͷѹЩ˵ڰ˵һ䡣


56 л˱
ŷҹ˵ͷöԷҲǲࡣ

껹Ҫ˵ʲôֻǱŷҹˡ
ڶ֮ڣǲȥ׹βģʵ߲ԨűһȻˣû˭ŷٹȥˣ˭Ҳ˵ãﻹһɵ£ܲһ
ҲȷʵеˣϾ˵£¹Ҳ֪ŷȥ׹಻㣬ɺãĻһϵʽܰѼ˴ʵѾҽûа취Żһ¡
ŷҹͷ⵹ûʲôļܻĻҲԸһౡ֮ҶǻˣؿҽŷҹסԨУӦòҵҵλá
Ϳ¹һˣһţɽ¶ˮӵһȴ¼˲ȱǮȱǮҪʲôϢҲ϶úܡ
¹Ҫ¶ԷһϵʽǿԷ˵Ҳû׷ʡҲţֻҪŷҹ˵ϢģҪôһˣ˵ȷûѶȡ
һ֮ӿڴͳһſݸŷҹŷεľ֮Ҳ¹һǣȻտܻҪĶ飬һС˼ıİɡ
û˵жٵĿΪȷǱһ⣬СǮͲԱԷľ֮
ŷҹ棬ҲûнԷһǲǮˣգԷﷴ̤ʵյѰɡ
ϴΰſ˹һңϻûʣ¶Ǯ䡣
˵ҲȷǵҪܵǮˣͽ˼ʱҪҩҪģҲһʲСĿ⻹ǰԼ˵ģҪĻٶǮδ򵽵ҩ߶ңοҩʦء
¹ǮȻҲһҪԷ̸䣬ɻʱЩ΢Ļζս㼱æŷҹλѰȫϵá
ûʲô㲻ҲôŷҹҲЦ
˵Ǹոս˵ҵ飬û뵽ȴһ죬ΪǸոԼȥԷϵȫ¶ء
쾩ˣʲôʱ쾩ȥĻҿԸ㵱򵼡֮󣬿սȴǴһŴŵζĿƬݸŷҹ
ȻǰԼĵַˣǱˣ̾ͻȴ˳˶׽˵һ˾ֻܵ㣬Ĵȥ̽һˡ
ŷҹ˿ƬϵӣȴûĵַװԼĿڴõģһȥ쾩Ļ򵼡
ΪŷҹʲôʾҲҪϵʽԼȻһ˼ûУֻһû޵ĿͷŵѣЩܴ
Լò൱ŵģڴһְҵװʱʮԼж
ôŮһѵѾŮѣŮҲӦûܾԼ밡
쾩кܶ಻ĵطпյĻӭŮһȻֱŷҹûŮѣֱҲûʲôˡ
ǺǣǵˡŷҹֻǵЦŻӦ
ˣ֪ŷҹ˼ŮȥԼ˵ûŮѡҲ˼һֱ׷ŶԷһ⣬ֻ˸ղŵĻ⡣
㲻һ绰㡭
ɫ΢죬ѾԵԵİʾˣŷҹٲǾͲ䵱ˡ
ŷҹʱȴεһЦûֻ
ðɣǹϰˣΪսſճԱŷҹʾһ¸л֮޿ɺǵģһòĿսһ˿͵߲ߣǿٱĳ˿Ҳܿˡ
սո˻ȥһվԼǰǸ𾴵һղžõǻĹϵƷ𣿡
Σŷҹһ޽ܿ˵
ֱֱ̫ˣһĵطһҲϱĸл˱ڡ
ͣͣͣŷҹһӺߣ⻹ʲô˵⻪ﶼ˭̵ģ
ǡҵһͬ£˹ϵܺãһ׼Ļˣֻص˻Ĺ̸Һܶ໪÷޽ܿ˵ĺȻҲⳣеĽӲǻѾǲˡ
ԭ´ټǸ㻪Ǹͬ£ҲҺݺݵظлһ˱ڣŷҹһ湻ȱµģȱĶȱȥ
ŶŶŶһ⻰ΪʲôҪлأ޽ֵܿʵ
лĻ̳ӡŷҹЩֻ˵
ԭܹһϵʽԺҽѧϵ⣬ǿһѧЩЦ˵
ǺǣǿҲǸʱ䰡˵Ҳҽûа취ʲôѧĶѧĸ룡ŷҹ˵õġ
ڶݵؽ˼֮󣬷ɻһЩ΢ضڿս֮£޽ܿҲֻò鲻ԸĻԼλ
ŷҹ֪뷨϶ײǽĶˡ
ɻһƽ֮ǰһֱȲŷҹٴ˵긾ŮȴǿˣǸСӣҪ鷳ҿһ𣿡
ǺǣҲҽֻǴѧһƭѡŷҹִҪĿˣʱȴ΢΢һЦ
Ա߶Ů֮΢΢Ʋǣ˻ǹСġ
룬Լβ˵ı£ȥβ˵ƭӣ϶ܣ˵ķӦҪڻ΢Ц˵ûӣֻǿССЦ
긾Ů˵ʱҲЩڨڨģոԼŮ˵Ҳȷǹˣ˭֪˼һ汾µأոնС˵ҸǣֻҪܰκòҲ۶ǮС
衭ǰŮȴǲˣŤͷŷҹǵİ˭֪ոǸǲרѾˣжƭϵء
⺢ӣ˵ʲôأ긾ŮʱŮ˼һһǹ³ҽѧԺأѵܸһôʲô˶ƭأ
裬ǲң˵ǸԼ˵ǹ³ҽѧԺģûʲô˿֤˭֪ļٵİŮЩ˵
㡭
긾ŮŮ˵ĻҪҽưʱɫҲЩˣƭӣƭ㼸ǮӾǮģǱƭǮô룬һ˼ҪεúòǲҪҲҪȥǲҪ⹫Ҳ


57 ֪ô
衭ҡҲ˼˵
ŮһĸļˣʱЩ
Ҳˣĸ˵Ҳ԰ƭƭǮԼƫƫƭӶĸ׺ģǿ򲻻ġ
Ҵˣ֪˻𣿡ŮæǸȴ͵͵ŷҹһۡ
긾ŮȻûпŮŷҹİۣæеضŷҹŮ£λҲֻ֣ҵĲҲ̫ģϾҲǻ˴뱲ˣⲡҲŴŮǶɡ
ֻǿŮķϣŷҹ͸ˣǵǸŮڳŰۣһ޳ܵƭӡ
ԲΪŷҹֻǵȻЦžܾˡ
⡭긾Ůһ˼Ҳϳ֣ԼҲûа취ԹؿһŮ
ŮȻǿĸ׵񣬵ҲѻһҽʸûеˣҪŸβ׬ǮҲ̫רҵ˰ɣǽͷƭӶ֪Ҫһ֤ɾקˣ
˵㿴͸һɣֲǲǮŮһ¿
뷴ƭҪľǮֻҪⷽɶˣԷ϶ƨƨ߶ؾͰ¶ˡ
˭֪˵仰ʱһŷҹ˼ֱӱۣû
긾ŮɵһᣬԼŮǱԼߵģʱȻһ˵˼ҪǮʩ˼һֻдµ˵˭ȥ
βγǸˣ
ÿ긾ŮۿҽҪȥˣһƬͻȻһ
Ҳ֪ҽҲ̫ںԼļСǮϾԼֳܱΨһһַʽˡ
衭Ů֪ĸҪʲôЩԸ
ǴЩǮƷ𣿡긾ŮЩŭˡ
ŮֻæӿڴͳһſȻǳǸڡװ˯ŷҹһۡ
긾Ůѿæŷҹ˵λȻҲ֪㿴СǮֻǵһ⣬ҲҴŮֻֻôˣܵЩʱ䣬Ҹ׵ĲҲκõĻ㿪ʲôǮǶҪ󡣡
ŷҹ۾ȴǻҡҡͷЦһʼͲǮܽ⣬ͲңҲᶯ֣ǶˣʧˣֻᵱƭӣɹˣҲΪʲôõģҺαȥֶˣ˵ҲȱǮ
⡭긾ŮҲһʱʵҲȷôһĹǣǲܰĲκãǻŻܾ˸Լڿ˼ǱȽˣǵʧ񣬵ҲĥҺþãԽԽʹ࣬ʱҪ˺ãҶǸ׵ĲͻأΣһ͵ķݶϣǿһ°ɡ
ŷҹЩӣﶯһ£ҲûдӲͷƤβģڿҲֻЭˡ
βԣҲǮʡ˵ͼıǮƣֻ˵ģϷƺЩ⣬ҪȥǷӿһ£˵ҳǷйصĶҳʲôҵĶǲȡŷҹ֣˵
ƾʲôŮܵؾӦԼҵĶҳΪʲôҪ
ƾֻòŷҹҡҡͷŮӴΪԼռǶı˰ɡ
ʱǻռôЩˣЩ˶˵Ǳˣһ˵δؾǺ£Լ֣һôҲӦõģǹʱʥҲôġ
Сǣ긾ŮԷӦѾʲôںˣԽӵŷҹκĲˣǱԭֻоְѿҲ˹ȥôſһҪţȻǹⲻȥġ
ŷҹǳһҪģҲûƴǣԼ
СǵŮﲻֹһ󻹲ҪǮʼװô񣬺ʲôҲƵġ
ֻԼĸȫˣҲûа취ֹֻĸ׸ӷꡣ
ŷҹпʱ긾ŮѾ˹ָһʱһϢ̽룬۲ŶԷڵĶ
ֻʱ䣬ŷҹջ֣ĺûа취ǸϴĲ֢һģʱ䳤ˣһЩ෽ļʱҲǳ鷳
𣿡긾Ůæеʡ
ŮҲ̽ͷܵĸ׵ĲκˣԼ϶˵һдǣǾһƭˡ
ڲܣΪҵȫմ˶βĻûѾһֲһŷҹ˵ӻѿóµݻȥκòʱٸɣǸһַҰ֮󣬻ȥһˡ
һҪš긾Ůɲ飬æǰп˹ȥŷҹݶٽˡ
ŮҲһ꣬ƭӵˮ׼ͦߵģĸǱ˼ƭתԾһܹ֪ĸײѿջȥҪⷴذѿƻ
ŷҹֻǰѿٶջĸŮдһַŵһڣضᵽǼһˣʱ˵Ĳһ
ŷҹԱ߶Ů۾һŷҹҲ²͸Էһĸҽһƭƭӡ
ɻܿ쵽ĿĵأֻǶʡʡнޣ·ɻʱŷҹٴΰʶɨһǼɵǹȻǰעȫŵߵŮϡ
мǺƵע㣬鷳Ļ̾ʹˣ㵲һ¡ŷҹվǿŮԼСεѵ
Ůû뵽ŷҹ˵ЩæŵҪĴ鿴
ҿŷҹüٴѣֻ֪Ѿˣ߰ɡ
ŷҹ˵ͷҲصǰȥ
ŮҲ֪ǿŷҹҽǾ˿ŶȻȽϸߣȻûлɾ͸Źȥˡ
ʱҲȷǸоһЩ̫мȥӺܱ뺷ˣŲӿٶȣѾǺ˵ˡ
ŷҲҪȥɽһ𣿡ڳڴ¹Ѿ׷ŷҹ˵
ˣڽ޻ЩСҪ졣ŷҹ΢Ц˵ţǼ󺺣ȰŮ˵ɡ
ǺðɣһᾡȥԨġ¹Щϧص
˵ŷҹļֵԶǼ˶Ǹµ䣬ÿ˲ʱȫֲܵĥʹ֮ȥŷҹǸıĹؼ
¹Ҳż£Ҫŷҹڽ޴죬˵ʲôʱ߾ʲôʱߣڼǱߣȫûбҪģһ绰ȥ˹߾ͺˡ


58 
һ֮ǾҪȥɽǱȿϾ¶ҲͦģȻҲἱҴҴ׹ܻ˻ģڻĵܵûͷӬһת
¹֮ŷҹԼԱŮ˹Ȼ˼־һ·ٵŻȥ
֮ͥ£ǼȻʲô飬֮ŲҲ͸ظȥ
Ůм־ŵģȻαװţǱ¶˳
Ѿˣô죿
Ҫ˶ֻ࣬Ҫһţ̶֡
Щ˵Ķ䶼С˵ʱ˭Ҳ֪˵Щʲôŷҹȴ
ǸŮԽԽŵӣŷҹҡҡͷӲ˶øŹ֣ȻˣͰһѣҲһԵְɡ
Ů˹Ȼŷҹ˵һһ˴֮̾ǰȥ⳵ոȥ⳵ǰҲһİ漴
Ů˾ŵؿһۣ˭⳵ġ
⳵˾ҲЩؿһˣǻûǻ顱һǰֱק
ëûȽеĳ𣿸ҳ
ѾϳĴ̧־Ҫ߶ļһӳȥɲŸո̧̾һ岻شӳŲ˳ļһƨ˵ϡ
ʦɣŷҹһ̣˾˵
ȥĶ˾Ҳ鷳ֱӴֱԶȷʵû˲ʵ
ɣ㡣ŷҹڴһۺǸŮˡ
Ů˸мؿһۣ֪˵ȷİģȻովѾǼץˡȻҲûԷΪʲôôʹӳȥˣòƻһӡ
ȥʼұݡŮ˻ش˵ʱ򣬱߰ΧīҲժ¶׵òŷҹͷһЦոնлˡ
ŷҹֻǵӦ
Ůƺû뵽ԷƽķӦ˵ˣܸеȣȻ󡭡Ҳɣ
һΣŮ˾ȻԼò֪˻ɡ
壬ô£
ҡ֪ոձһҺ͡òˡ
òô˴ӳģô
ҡ֪
㶼֪ʲô
治֪
ǴҲˣǰһְ̧ѱӷɣһҪ˸֣ӷҲؼԼôµĳ֪̫ίˡ
ʵǲ֪ҲΪŷҹַ̧֮ͷס˶Էţûа취ɾŶԷ˳ȥַʵһЩڼҸҲֻŷҹøɸ죬ûзӦԼôȥģһоѾˡ
ǡС㣿ŷҹûӦ˵ǳ˶ûӦȷʱ˾ͻȻһѷײ˶ĳæϸԼĳ˿ͣȷԼû
΢΢ЦԷʾ⣬ĬԼݡ
г֮ǰһӾɫ㣬кܶӰԶ㡣
רĿŷҹе˸Ƿ˾ѵ
û⣬Ҹ˵⳵ҵҿһԲۡ˾Ҫ԰һԼĶţƵ̣ͻȻһɲյذѳͣ˺ϡ
ôģ
˲ûײȥ̲סԹ
˾֪Ҳûп죬ֻųڨڨЦЦҲû˼ҫԼս
ŷҹֻؿһۣٴٻԻ͵£Ҳˡ
ŷҹһ·û徲˾ʼرŶԳŮ˵ľ⡣ԺһζŷҹŴ֪ŮǸոһװӾ磬Ȼһ߻𣬳Ϊ˴Сųż񡭡
Щ˿ȤȻҲûʲôȥ뷨ֻüرĿʶȴɢ
ŮǵЩ󺺵ϵĳ⳵˵ôԵĿ꣬ԷôҲŷҹȴ֣Էڸһζ֮ĵȥˡ
֪ʲôԭ򣬲ԭҸƧĵطǼʰߵŷҹҲʡһЩ鷳
ҲŮ˵Բз˿ǮıڣԼһΣֻ˳֣϶һ·ȥһӰ
ǩɣ˾ڴѳ͵˻ʼұݵʱ˾æݸһСӡ
ҲǾˣûоܾʲô̾ǩԼ֣˾һۣǧлؿˡ
治ʶңʱžȵؿţһֱûô˵ŷҹʡ
˵ǸʲôӵԱŷҹڻӦһ¡
ȷ˵ģӦûǸղʱ˵ģ⻰̾һͷĺߡ
ǵصۣˣ˵ĻҪԼǲǲųѾΪżˡ
ҽгĺܸлղŵİʲôĻԵңҿ԰ﵽ㡣Է
ҽŷҹŷҹֻǼ򵥵ĻشֻżȻǿԷ鷳Żһ֣պҲʲôҲûʲô
˵ˣ˵ʲôⲻǸݶѣѵҪסһ𣿷һ׻ѣԼûȱݣȻΪŮǶԼжá
㡭ҪȥĶҪ㿪䣿˵ڲŷ仰壬Щ졣
ŷҹҲûôȥ룬ֻԥһʵҪȥɽĻҪôߣ
ǴӻֱӳȥվĻܸһ˳ˣֻܵȥش
ʵһѡǾǸǵľ飬ĻӦҲȥɽȥ㣬ֻոպ͸Ůǣ˷Լĳߵúܽ϶ܶԣڵʺȥӴ֮࣬ӦñԼ崿Ů󣬲ԼѸ
ðɣŷҹ˵ͷ
˼ǡһʱû˵ðʲô˼
㲻˵Ҫҿ䷿𣿿ɡŷҹ˵仰Ȼתһ뿪ˡ
㡭ҪҪȥأ
һٻ㡣ŷҹ˵仰ʱѾԶˡ
ҪԼķŸԷ˵һ£ȴԷӰѾ֪յȥܲܲ󺰴аɣ̾ͳشˡ
ɻˣǺǣɶڵء
һ˧ʮͻȻ˳ǰżЦ
ǰĵӾһţҲȦҪһǣй
˿ȥʮֺദǳȴʱʱ͸оΣգַַҪԼԵĸоÿÿЩ̫ӦƫƫһθԷݶϷҲӲ


59 ԭǳ
ǲ˼ΪҵĹϵ˴ҵĽȡ
ǸЦһ¡
˵ĶĻ˵ǵһ죬Ϊ㣬ʮҲֵõġǺЦŴս˼ɿԷԵһ£ҲûпȥƽϵıҲûб䣬İɣǱҶȽ죬͸ǴкΪġ
ǽȥɣ߿Ҳܲȫ˵ţī´ϣȻתȽ˱ݡ
ķ
ŷҹת뿪Ƿ˸ոոٳǼˣȻһγ⸽ֻǶûп
һ·ŷҹûֹͣ̽飬ӽԷͲܸǺ棬ȴֳˣֻ˵һ㣬Է֪ҪطģûбҪһ·٣ΪյĵصȻ
壬һ˱˵Ĵ
İɣһٳģҸоǸСеаŶҪҪ̽̽Էĵף
˱Ǵһ·ɻͶֵģȴŷҹ˼ƻ
Ҳ׷ϣǵʱ塱ʧ֣Ƕŷҹһļɵ˵ǵҲԽСԽã˭϶ÿ
ǸŷҹҲˣֻһżȻһĳ˿ͶѣȳĿĵ֮Ӧþͻ뿪ˣѡڻʼұ֣Ͼ˽ϣҪһᣬҪѵöˡ
ʲôˣ
۵˶һҲû뵽Լ˲Ÿո˻ʼұݣͱ˷ˣ˼ߵԼ߶Ȼ֪⻰ҪǴȥֻǵöٵͬЦ
Сӣ⻰ӦŶԣʲôˣȻһǵ¶Ϊ׵Ĵ󺺴һŷҹʵ
ҲŷҹǸԿˣҲҴ⡣
Ҫ˵Ϊ⣬ʰһ£ˣǱʰ֮Լ֪ôʰģЩˡ
ǺǣҲȷʵǶˣǼˣȻ۸һŮӣʵǿۡŷҹЦЦˣͷ͵Ǽŵˡ
һ۾ܿԷ˶ûֻƾһҹ򣬱ֶͨҪǿָ֣Ȼ߶š
ѣȰһ䣬¶ĲһҪ֣ò˺ôһ鷳˵ҲûҪǸŮôֻǰؼң𣿡Ǹϴŷҹ˵΢΢ԥһ£һڷ硣
ؼң˻ؼҵ˭ʲôʸ˻ؼңŷҹٴʵ
㲻Ҷ֪ɣϴеˣ˵Ǹֻһ񰡣ԼѾڰʾǳҵļˣСӻûһǳң
ǿһ£ǲöԷǵʵ̫ˡ
ңŷҹһǵ˼ǣ쾩ǳҵˡ
ЩӦҲǳҵıһġΪʲôҪַʽȥͲö֪ˡ
֪˭ˣǺǡϴ󿴵ŷҹɫ˶֪ԷѾ֪ԼЩ˵ˡ
ǾеѲĻǲЩ¶Ͼһ˵ҪǼ֪ˣ뷹Ҳͱˡ
ǻŷҹֶΣҪǸԷ֣ҲûԼЩмֵʤ㡣ո˵СģʵǸûдŷҹ˭֪СӾȻôѲһת۾ֵԼǰˡ
ôԼЩ˵ģҲûнӽʼұݰֻһͨͨСͬȻñȽϽʼնû¶أѵδ֪
һеʶļɵΪŲϧ˳ҵϣԷףǲٻ߶ģҪ־ȳҲõκεĸм
ðɣҾͲ˻ˮˣȻǵļ¡ŷҹҲ֪ǳҡ
³һǺպȻ󣬵ǱԨҺż˵ȴֲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ŷҹȻʲô壬ҲԼ˼ҵļǻǾˡ
Ǿͺáϴ󿴵ԷɿڣҲһ
ҽڻʼұסٲҵǰ֣֮⣬ɡŷҹʼ硣
һȥʱ򣬿һ³ŮȻúÿƢҲû̫ĽŶԷԭԸߣȴòȥĻǾеס
мʲô¶ģ˹ܲ˾ȥˡ֮ǰģųһӣʣµֻԼˣԼҲ岻֡
ҪǱ˼ңֻ˵Ȼһ
˵ʲôΪ˭Ա߶һ̾Ͳˡ
ûôֻ࣬ΪŷҹҲȡɣˤһӶѣûʲô˵ģ¾Ҫȥŷҹ֡
϶ϴһ̾ͺһɤӣԷͣǵۿŷҹ
ʲô˼̾ŭˡ
ûʲô˼ֻǿһۣ;϶ŷҹȻЦȻǹĸо
ȣ϶ǸƢĶĻ¾һȭ˹ȥ
ϴüͷҪֹȴûУһҲ뿴ŷҹжٵı¡
ոڻʱǱΪ˳¾ܱµ飬һȫˣԼЩ˾ȻһԷͷûС
˵֮䣬϶ȭͷ͵ŷҹǰˡһĻȥͼԣǴ󺺱ͷʹȭͷֵܵͨˣٶֿףžͷɹȥӣ˭Ҳ뵽ŷҹĽˡ
ŷҹܣ϶Ҳе֣һɵˣûӦôվǶһҲǲǵ
һȭжԼҲףҪŷҹϣֻһȭҲˡ
ҲûдҪŷҹһ˲ջһѽǶҲЩ
顭
ŷҹʱҲһȭ̧𣬸Էײš
ֻһ죬϶һ첲شҲò
ûҪķϣҲƽˡŷҹԱ߶ˣ˵Ļˣʵ£ҵǰˣҾǿȥ϶Ѹ첲ϰɡ
ĸ˶Ǽʶʱɲˣ˭˭жٵĹǶ֪ġ
мսĲ٣ϴ϶϶ҪʤһֻƽʱȽϳ嶯ȥûһֱȽСһЩԲŵ϶
һ֮±˴ø첲Ѿʣֺǻû
㡭˭ϴЩԥʵ֣ǻȥҲи
ǺǣǰôôɣǸǽˡ
ŷҹ˵һʹӼǰʧ


60 ˵
磬ٶȡֻգ۾Ĺ򣬾ͿǰûӰˣ¸Ǿ˼֡
ҲˣǻˣǵˣûǺùӳԡϴҲµ˵
ô죬ҪǳȥǿҲ϶ʱոձֵװ˸첲ʹ
Ȳܣٶ֣ǲ֪ʲô֪ˣ֣Ҳֲ˺ȥȻ˵죬ǾɣҲû˵Ҫܰȥϴһ£Լŷҹֲ֪ĶðĴ񼶸ֶŸɣǲġ
ҲֻˡεطϾһѳߵĴ㡣
ǼҸ֣Ҳ֪ڼңǿǸ˵ֶΣǸЩĸһȻû̹ǹƾŸղŵҲ֪ⲻͨȭʦġ
䰡ĹߣҲǵģ˼ҵʵǿʲôɳҪǼˣǼͲġ
ʼұ¥ĳ䣬ͻȻոոݵ˼ĳҪԵȻϢһѵ״̬
ҪԼȥ͵ģǹȴˣƴҲûа취ȥƴǡһιûнʲǫ̂ʵͬͣȻĻǲ֪ҪôӦˡ
ոջңѵǹ𣿿ո˵˵ټ֮Ļ
ɻţǴ˷ţֻվŵģǴӻȴȫʶǸˡ
ô֪סԼķŶԷǲ֪ģΪʱԼ֪ǹķ
Ǻǣҵġŷҹʶ֮ǰڶԷ·һʶӡǣȻ׾ҵĶ
ȻţЩܶϳ٣Ǳǲ͸¶Ϣģ˵ǼǵҲԼ֡
˵Ҳ̫ģ֪ԷẦһ
ղȥĶˣЩֵʵһΪˣûа㿪䣬һ˵ɣһûгԶɣһɣкöҲԲꡣ
ŷҹһϰڷŵķʢʳһЩʳ
ðɡŷҹҲҪ˵һ£ԶٷҲνǾǳҵˣΪʲôҪץȥ
㡭ô֪ȵãոռе߶ʳﶼ˳ԡ
ǾǳҵˣһֱǸܣԼȦû֪һ㡣
Ȼ˸ˡŷҹľȵǲ⣬ǵˣֻܱ֤ϲ⣬뿪ȥĻԼ취ɣֻܰ㵽ˡ
ҡ֪ˣлл㣡ԥһ£æл
֪ԷôǼ˴Ӧ첻֣һЩ˵Լǳģ˼ҹǸԼϢѾǾһΪֻԼ֪ı⼸˴ȥˣֻ·һ
֮ǰʱû뵽һ㣬ǵղŷҹǼ˾ǳʱһоͶˡ
ҲǸһԵ֡ŷҹȻһЦּ˵˷ŵ
漴üͷһ£̰˳Űÿһ̲˶ֱŵ߶һ£ЩؿЩ˭ģ
ǡҲɵӣ̾뵽϶⣬һͬ£Ҷõġ
ʱҪԼ͵ģǶԷѾ͵ˡ
ҩŷҹ̾˿鷳ǲ١
ҪԸͬҲҪԸŮ˳˳Ư֮⣬ĻЩˡ
ҩȻѾµʲô벻Ȼ
ӲùŷҹͷʹҪҰʰһ𣿡
ʰˣԼӦˡ֪Ļ˵Ļ˶ԷĵڣȻзʽù𲻸Ҷ
ǹؼʱ򣬰Լҵݻǲ㶯ġ
ǳʲôԼˣҵ϶ȥһ㣬Ѿһٴˡ
ô˵ҲֻһûʲôСɫЩҵֻ϶㲻ϡ
ҪЩ˶ӵʱ򣬾
ϵŭһ֪϶ǹ϶ⷿԿ׶Ѿˣ֮һ뿴ԼǷʱѾЩŴҩķ˸ȥˡ
ŷҹһۣû˵ʲôֱѷŴ򿪡
㡭ȷֻҪһ£Թ˷ûС
ļǵãʱ⡰չˡؼӴ˷
ԭҪϺúһװŮˣ˭뵽һξȻʧˡ
ʲô𣿡ǿѹŭ𣬳ɫȻ̫ÿ
ͻȻ뵽һϵ⣬Թ˵һ£Ҫʱִ᷸󡭡Ҳǵһˣ̾͸Լ뵽һ˵ǣǽȥ˵ɣȻ˿Ϊʲôء
ȥһ۶ԷԹ˷ûУҪûгԵĻÿŮ˵һЩٹ֮ģѳ˺ƣ飬ΪԼҵҲô
ŸոռȥһͿѾڷɳϺϾŵŷҹ
һʱˣȻһֱΪֱӸãŮ˼Ҳ֪Ů˵ĿǰΪֹȷûȤҪʡ
ǰô£ôôһ
һ˲䣬ͷЩͷŷҹѾɱϰٴˡ
˭ҲǸոյĳһǿѹԼŭʵ
ԭֻĶڱˣӦð˵ָ
ҹŮˡ
ûֱ£һöԷѹЩ꣬ڸһЩϵġ
ʻ˲䣬Ѿ⣬ʳСӵĵϸȻ˺úʰ
ѡȻҲµһЩԷ˼ûϸŷҹ˼
һԵķͻȻ뵽һǳ۵⡣
ҪûдյһΪոɰԼ͵ķˣȻ󡭡
ǿ֪ģĻ޲ҿ鶹ȥײ
һǿų֮󣬿϶ϳԷٵһҩЧӳһжΪøոպã˭֪Ϊű˶ԷСӣܻ


61 в
ǰҲҪԵ𣿡Ҳһ£ɫʵ
ѾԹˡȻ˵Ϊ˸ոѾˣԲûʲô
ʵϣõҩЧҩ˵ĳ˵ĻζҪڰҹſܻͣôƽġ
ã֪ôƺѾˣǹײǽҲֻˣѶԷС˼ȴûκθı䣬ΪԼһʧٳɶԷ˺¶ѻ𣬡ȻѣǾԼˣҽйҲʶҡ
̫ңҵȷǲʶŷҹ̹׵˵
ı飬κ˿˶˿αƫƫֱùΡ
ΪԼܴƣ˻ˣڵϾû˲֪ģ˼ҺҺ̹׵ظ㣬˼ҵȷǲʶ㣬ޣ
ȻΪ֮ǰ¶ʮַŭŷҹ⻰ٿǸ˲Ӭһ飬Ҳ̲סЦĸо
ŷҹ˵ĲǼٻĲʶԼʶҸоõĹ
ǺǣʶҪԺʶˡҲǳϻģȻΣһ˲ʾȥˡ
ŷҹһ˹֣Ҳվֻǿ˶Է֮󣬲ǿ֡
ùһŭⷭʱ϶ֳ
вһᡣ
ոҪ˵ʲôȴŷҹȣһſھǵһשƵġ
вȫҶвǻŭ﷭ţƫƫԳûģǶԷԼûƹҲһҪŪֲɡ
ΪҪԼһʿ̬ȣҲͲܶŷҹĻʲôҵĻӦˡ
Ҳǳ˺üƽòײƽ͵ĿѿῪЦ
֪Լˣһβŷҹֻܶ˳ҵץҲ㲻˽ϹĶ֣ΪͲ֪ԷԼҩùɵıҲ϶ʩչˡ
еһˣҲزˡԵŷҹʱ·Ѿһ亹
ǰֻ֪ڣֻĵŮˣȻϲҲûжر񣬿Ǵʱٿʱ򣬹Ѿκһſɶ׶Ҫˡ
ŷҹ˵ԷвʱЩȵؿ˹ȥڷɻҲŷҹβȻһζǮһƭӵӣ֮ǰæιһΣزˣӣ治˸С
ǺŷҹΧոְһ֮ŷҹҽѵв
ʱٴʱͲԽһ£в
û
ˣŮʲô˼⻰˵ǿЦǼ˼ʲôȾһ
ȻӣȴһӻСӣ¶Բ̣
տʼŷҹһʱ򣬼ŭ֮£ǰѳ͸ŷҹĳֹϵˣǺһ룬鱨ҲдԾĸŷҹʲôҲ϶Ϊڷֽš
ȻߣҲѾûа취ȥˡֻŮӵȴһҪŮŪ֣Ȼ²ȥ
ûвɲ˵ġŷҹֻǵЦţƺѾ϶˶ԷвֻǲԸԼ˵㿴һ£ֲǮ
ҡʶⶼʲô˰ô˵вԼŲأв
룬ҪٰѳƵ֣úһŮˣڻȫԷӡ
յŷҹȴѾĸ΢΢һطǲżһ£
ûУһԼĲ
ֻʱûѣ㲻þܸоˣǰĳ̶ȱȽоҲԭֲܸоʱΣеˡŷҹűӣ˵ǳѣͰԼӳȥˣȴһҲⲡ˵󲻴˵СҲСްֻӰ㵱˵ʸ񡣡
ɫֱˣ⻰ֻҪ˶ĶˡΪһˣ±˵ǰ֢Ҳֻб۾Էһڣûһ
һ˱˵ԼܿͲˣǵԼҪֵŮǰ˵;Ʋˡ
̫ˣǿϣҾԻ
˵Ƿ⣿һҹŪŮ֪Ϊ˱ַһƺȥˡ
˺üǣʱѧкÿġ
Ҳ֣ҽܸڷɻϵʱҼſھȻСİ˵˳
˵ʲôѣԭֻǸոʶȻʹ˷ǡǡ
ֱҪըˣŮ˵ʲôƷζԸһֻһεСӺãȻҲԼıʾ˿Ӧ
ֲոսʱûиоŮ˵أ˵ûҩҲּ˵ˣҩֻǼӿ˵ȶѡ
ġôһԼߣԼǸʲôģ˼Ҫʱҩģ
ˣȻѣǻϷʱ˵ɡԼȥһᱻ
ȻڲҪʰǸСӣֻȥˣֻҪСһ뿪̾Ͱʰõ趼ʶǶҪŮ˵³
͡ЩȲ˵
вˣɻŷҹʵ
ǺһɵҽԺȥʡԼ;÷θ
ûСŷҹЦЦˡ
ƯĴ۾£ƺŷҹ˼
ôҲ⣬һ˱ûôͻȻ͵òأõʲô취
˵һͨˣһ֣˵ϢڣҲ϶Ҫ뾡һа취СɹȻûֱ£ԺȻеˡ
ŷҹĿǽľϢİԵ˵Ǳȹ䣬ĹܱȵϵҲָ
ŷҹڵϢȻֲͬõַʮأֻԹһֵĹƻ˵ʹ࣬һֹܣǺǣȻ˵˵ʸˡ


62 뵱
Ϊ˵ֻǹ˵Ļ˭֪Ѿ˻֪
ҲûȥǹõʲôԵȥŷҹǲǶԷ˷ʸˣһûԾȫˣ绰ٽе˰ɡ
ǳȥԱȽϰȫŷҹȴ˵
һΰͲ͵ͨ˭֪᲻еڶΣԼҲǸҲֻͨƵȥͣǲǰٷְٰȫǲ֪
Ǿ߰ɣ͡˵ŰʱǼΧٴóִīԼʵʵġ
ŷҹһƣɲһʬһĴӡţޱȵĹ죬Χ۲Ź֡
һҪȥĻֻøֿˡ
Χۣǲϲ˿Լĸо
ҲӵĻ˵ᱻΧ۵ġҲ޹ؿһŷҹ
֮ʹǲҹȻϽ֣ȻôԸҲôġ
ǺǡŷҹŶԷеΧ۲Ź֣һ֪϶ĸǣȻ˭Ҫôв
һ䡰вŷҹ˵ĻҲԣֻðΧ۾һ룬еĵص۾ȴţԷʱժ𣿡
ŷҹúһ㣡
˵Ҫĸ˳ԷǸ˻ĵģŹ֣ڻ崿ŮǣӾͲˣ˵ʲôģ͸ñ
ŷҹĻظ˿ȥҲɣֻǾҪǿˣֻҪ߶ܾãǸֻ˵ˡ
ʵûҪһȥԷҳԵĶԲߡŷҹͼŮףԼǷһȥԷɵġ
Եʲôȴһû߶롣
ǷˡŷҹڵֻҪûҩ
ɣҲǣ߰ɡЦһ£ƺ׼ˡ
ŷҹ˵ʲô֣ܵĻظʵǶԷˡ
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Ȼװŷҹǵȿ˳Сʱ߳˱ݴšŷҹһθ̾Ů˳ſ治ס
ҲŷҹΣֻǸһЦҪױжˣܶ˶˵ŮԱжױ֮ˣҿ᲻ʶҡ
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ǾͳǸôͻȻָ·߶һտ̯λ˵
ŷҹֵؿ˶ԷһۣҲ𣿡
ȻҿɲֽС㡣һЦԽԵ崿
ŷҹҲһЦΪ뵽ǳҵˣĴŮҪ˵С㣬ǻǲšִǣǽСŮܳ·̯еͬ
ʱС̯ϵҲ࣬īҲժ⻻һͨ·ҲЩı䣬ϸǲ׷ԭĳ
˿ŽЩ⣬Եʱ򣬳Ե˺ö࣬󲿷ֶŷҹĶֻǳ˵ƴѡ
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ΪԼ֪ѾˣΧΧ±ϵϳժΧ֮˾Ȼһʶ˿αװԾִﾹȻһ㲻Ҳӵ
ϵˣֻҪӣѿӰ
ңŷҹû뵽Լϣż鿾ϾʱֻǺ˵һ䣬Ǹҵ뵽ɽȥ
оһǶԷøԼ죬Ըʵ˵
ҪȻƾҽ˵ôҲһҵֻҪԸ⣬ĵطһڷ԰ɣ
һֽͣǾ˿ǸСϰ壬ҪȻôǮߣЩ˵Ҳҵݡ
Ȼŷҹû˵Ҳ˼׷ʣ˻û쵽̶ֳȡ
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ôôҽȫţȻֱ׷ʲôʹְɡ
ǽ̾ʧˣΪŷҹֻش֣ѧġ
ϻ˭ҽѧģѵǱ˵ļ临ճ𣿿ɶԷشȴһûˡ
ƽʱϲʲôģͲŴһھ򲻳
Է˯ŷҹǼڿԼĿ⣬Ǽػش򶹶ʡˡ
һأͷβڳԣԷ˯򶹶ֱ
ûдθнѳʱŷҹ˵һ仰Ҫ鷳
һ㶣û⻰˼ͿĸˣҡڵտС̯˹
Ⱥˣÿ࣬Ҳÿ䣬ֻҡΣѾԳԼСıɫˡ
һڳտĳЩˣּƣ׷׿ۣѸٵһԼĶٵظˡ
Ҳ˲֪Щʲôˣһûк¶տܶʱǳԵһ飬ҪǿǰˣôĶҲԲʲôζˣȻˣǻʲô


63 Ͳ
Ҳߣ
ˣȻᣬȴҲûȥǡ
ԼҲһ֪ȵˣɲΪЩ˾ʲôǷ
߰ɡŷҹ£֪鷳
ҪԼĻǹһôŶСôһ룬ԽøŮһԷһ顣
ŷҹǸŶԷӵģţҲһûбֳ
磬ҿûýҶˡϰһƣæǰͷͷ׽
¶û˵ʲôҾԵΪ׵Ǹͷ˶ͷ۾СЩҲǸݽǶ
ϰ˵ǲ¶ôһ㣬Ķмˡ
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ǳԺˣټ˵ŷҹһֻۣԷҲòͽֽһ죬Լ
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һЩ죬ֻǾøǾ壬ԿģȻͿ϶ûװʧ
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͸һ̾˭ˣܣҲжɼСåǶˡ
˵ֻԼȥŪЩСåԼ𣬸ҲԸ⿴¶ôԼȥˣƺֻйһˡ
ԽԽþǶʧ˼㣬ֻǴ˿ʲô취
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뵽ԥֻһ绰ȥ
ǺǣŮ绰˰ͷóֻҲΪȻǻģȻ֪Էʲô뷨Ҳ£ҪƬˣ˭øӣҪƬˣͷ̫󣬳֪ˣҲ֮ĺ
Ͼֻǰ˸ڨûʲôֵľٶء
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ͷҲûӵˣǹĲ٣֮Ҳû̫Ľ飬ֻԷǮſǸϳͷɲɵҪŮǿıðͷǲԼ
ͷƬûǣûԴ˵޵ؽϾһöȥˣ˼ǶŴ󱳾ģһһĭҲܵصų绰뿴Էʲôɽ
ܳԾͳһڣԲɲΪСǮȥǿ󣬹ͷǿúģֻܼзֵԣ˼ЩжԶء
ǵ绰֮󣬳ɫеˡĵ绰Ȼһû˽ӣЩ˴ܳ
ǰһָӲĸоͷ֪һǳʲô飬Ȼ˵绰Բû˽ӡ
ôŮѶæǺǣǾһɣͷŮ˰Ҳûдͨ绰Ҳʲôд̨ˣתͷֿŷҹҪҲæĻҲȥɣһҴŮȥһȦȥ
ͷһ˵Ǻܽģб⻰϶꣬ȻᱨԼı֪Էʲôı˼ûҲᶯЩӲӣҧľͲԣͷܻ쵽ûʲô¶þ龢
˼ͿкܶˣȥһȦҲһȦĳطսٻغϣҲһȦڴʲô⣬ҪķӦ
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뵽ץ쾩ͬʱֳ¶ڼʲôͲ뵽ˡ
ҲæŷҹŹͷİ뱭ơƣһ
ͷ۾գգǶ˵ĵӸ߿һۣھΪ˵ӣ˰ԼŮ˴ߣҲɫСӣʼնûе¶Լ˵赭дģ̲סҪǲԼˣСӲбˣ
ֵĶİͷЦǺǵһ䣬ʱ˵ıˡ
ң̸ϻĶǴεġŷҹʵ˵
ǺǡͷԼеͷˣһˣԼƤ
ʵҪŷҹһװģͨͨ·ҪʲôҵĶ棬Ӧ˭ҲԼֵС
ëСֵ֡˵⻰ʱѾе˼ˡ
ǸºŽмëĺëСĶӼγŷҹһۣô
ôŷҹʡ
һһ˭£һһש˭ȵëҲЦеȻʲôĴ磬ʲôСܣôѡɡ
˵껹ŶԷüëƺ˵СӣûëͿ
ŷҹġԡĲ̫ãæҡҡ֣ЩҪҡӣҪ鷳ۼʯͷҲУʤ˭˺Ⱦơ
ëŤͷһ۹ͷҲΣСӾȻǰǵˣɵɵɵ
͹õ˰ʾ֮󣬼ëܲŷҹȻѾʧȥٸСĥȥˡ
ǺǣǸҲˣһԣŷҹȵӣٴΰѰ뱭ơץȥ
ëԷѾƱֳű׾һģһȻ˵ˣľƱƱػѾöԷһҲǾһӣҪȻֱӶˣڻֻŷҹԼ֪Ѷˡ
ͷȻҲëĴˣţЦЦʲôҲ˵


64 
ŷҹʲôˣʶֶ֮Ȳˣٲ˵Щ䶼ûнӴСˣԷŸոһ֪̾һƻĵʲô̶ȣȻܳʲôָǡǡ߶ŵؾ˹ȥҿȥ˿ûжһֻǶԷֲôһ
˼ҺϾذѾƺȵ˶ëʱоɨӣһ־ȥŷҹĲӡ
οɾûôõŸոһѾǯӼסһ
Ҹ˵ЩŪŷҹǰһơ
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ԼղֻǴˣҪʰСǻǴ´ģСӸſ£ԺҲûˡ
㻹ˣŷҹƲƲ졣
ۿżëͷë˵ǰͻȻ̧һ˹ȥ
ʱͷǶؿŷҹҲֻǸѧӵŷҹʲô£ҲԼСܲСıˣһ£ë϶еĿͷˡ
Ŀ˳
Ůû˵úÿǻ¶϶Ҳֺ¶ءҲȻ˵Ůûʲôٺ١硭
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ͷֻһ񣬾һȻСǶȥҪѼë
һŹͷûţǱ˶죬ǼëǼһĶȴǺϵԼײȥһȻǲԶˡ
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վֱǿСĶˣҲǸͨСӶѣǶֳ˸ɼܵȴûȡ
Сӣֵܣô˵ͷŷҹһơ
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Ǻǣ˼ͷûôŵأȻ֪Ƕûʲôû¹˭ء
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ܡ
˵һ飬ŷҹͷŹͷһһߣʮҪǲſʮɡ
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Ǳ߶صŹͷʰŷҹĺϢ߶ͷѾֻͷǰѹôҵʲô¶ԭί˳
Ϊŷҹ⣬ͷʱõʲô飬ʲôѧһ
ҲΪűøΪڹĿУѾһļŮˣ˵˺ܶ಻Ļֱαӡ
˹ͷĶаʳֻǶת룬ԼڵĴǷǳԭΪܱԼˣոմ绰Ȼһûнӣ˵߶롱ȥˣ϶Ӧˡ
¶ǱãΪǳҵˣ˼ң˭Ҳ˵ʲôֻ׻ȥ֮󣬵ʲô
ŷŷҹܲһ£ԼǵݣʱЩӣŮ˼
˵ŷҹʵѾµһЩʲô
ܿһָ֣֡΢΢ҧº촽֪ûʲôǡһȥ˳ң϶·һһҪңֻҪ죬ʱû˽ҵĵ绰Ǿ˵
ûн˵ǻ˼ԣҪǼܱ˻绰ҪôѾɿˣҪôѾײˡһĽѾעˣΪ˭Ҳûа취һֱߡ
ŷҹ̬ȻǺģ˳Ҳйֵ飬ԼȥԸЩ֣϶ȥ
һʼȰһ˵˵һЩֿ϶ץŷҹܱܲ죬̹ŷҹֺøС
ԡŷҹʹشҲ


65 
ȻʲôҶӦ㡣
ǺðɣҾ졣ŷҹûô̴࣬Ӧ
￩һ£Ҳû˵ʲôһʱҪԼ
ǿô죿ְһᣬŷҹҲˣ£ȥ쾩϶·һŷҹǲǻʲôֵҪֻĲѡ񣬲ȻĶȥһ
ŷҹ֮ǰ˵ǵĴŹ֣һֱֻ˵Ŀе֪ڵõһҵ׿˵ŷҹҲ֤ʵ¡ֻҪ˽һЩЩֵ飬ϾۿЩ˵ģӦñǸзȨ
ʵڳ˵˳ҵæʱѾҪ֮ǰһԼˣۿһǲŮ֪һȥͻѣȴԸ֣϶
˵ҲҪ֪һڹֵʵĻӦɿġ
һǻر˵ġŷҹкһϰ壬Ը
ţǲǻرҪ־ò˼֮ŷҹҪԵĻֱһ
˵Ĵ¶һûзϣһ˻ȥأ
Գ۹ȻҲ֪ȻԼˣǶڹͷֻ죬Ȼǲˡ
Ҳǲͷҵʲôĸֻǲ鷳ѣҪŷҹȻŷҹ˵ˣҲֱ˵ԡ
Сӣǻǿ߰ɣǮҲҪˣҪǲԣǸͷƬû˸ǣ˵׼һٻʮҲܲס˶డ̯ϰ嵹ҲǸˣһ߶ſ⣬һ߶Ȱŷҹ뿪
Ǻǣллϰ壬ҲþöûдܣȭͷûšŷҹŲæɡ
ŷҹͲһϺӣֻζʱһֱΪ飬ݲ˿ǲѧһˡ
ʵŷҹֲֿ¶˭һߣҾʮɵ˵ͷֻһͨˣԷҲһֻ֣Ҫǣ˼ɣҲû˰ְ
ͷزãҪٸĻٲþҪȣ֪һŵĴۡ
ϰ忴ŷҹȰҲֻҡҡͷֻǸͷʱ򣬱Լ̯˾ͺá
ֱŷҹ˺һͨ˺һҲͷٴ˹ŷҹֻ̾˿ͷҲˣֻܸųһ˱ݡ
ͷǶǲֻȻ񣬿ɲûӣ֮ǰһ򶷣ѾŷҹһˣԼǴٶˣֻҲǴոĽĶȥҲڡ
ֻȻǳֻ绰Ǹ鷳Ĺݺһͨ
ڱǸǣ˧磬ҲǸһĻɫǸһɶǸСˣǼһǸ͵αӣαر֡
ŹͷĺϢ˭֪ͷһ֮ͨ󣬻ûзӦҪؾ䣬ԷѾžذѵ绰ҵ
ùǸ𰡣ոչͷķֱ̫ߣĤӶˣмм仰û̫壬˼ȥˣ϶ûȳɣһ
ҲֱﰡһС㶼ʰˣƨҪѵ绰ȥһͨͷٽĵ绰ķζըˡ
ǻޱõ飬ѳǸŮ˸úóԸɾû뵽·ɱŷҹļƻգ˶Էһ¶Ѿջˣڸ˱һͨ
ͷо֮ͽ˵ļɾҲϲϵģֱģģŸͷġʣ¾ӦоСùҲǶ֣ڹؼؼ춼ûţ˼ᶼûѾѻ꣬òӵ绰ˡ
͵һԶֻˣܲƵҪըŹ֡
ͬģҲƽ޹ʵĸֻҪˣһҪЩⱨܲǮʱԸǮΪһЩŮҪǺܶ඼ǹǮûĶ
ѾһߵǣԷץŻᣬٸ¼ʲôŪһʲôۿɾҪܵӰ죬Ĳ𡣶֮ԸҶԳ֣ҲΪһ㣬䲻𣬳䲻
һûûŮˣҲֻǸԼЭֻܴﵽ˵󻯣׼飬ɵֶҲó
Ů˲࣬ڽһ绰ȥ˳Լõص㣬ȻסľƵ
ʱȴߵط֣Ȼһս״̬ûУֱǲġ
ƵҪȥײǽ
Բۣ
ҲʵǱ˰ɣӣô㣿
û̫ãֻصԼ״ϣǿǹϵһҸĴ¶
ô᲻أ𷴷롣
ͻȻڳʱǸŷҹ˵в¶һ˵˵ʸѵһµ֣ǵʱʲôҲû


66 ûȤ
϶ôҪҵǸСӣ
ȷϵ⣬һǸһǸСӵ⣬Ȼ֪ôģǳ֮⣬Լûˡ
֮ͨѸٵ·Ҳûд룬īҲǴͳ˱ݡ
ǹ𣿡
ոⷿ䲻ǳȥһŮ𣿡
ʱĹȻǲ֪ԼѾˣֻļǵҪܻסıݡ
㵽׶ʲôյ˱ſڣͿŷҹҲոջʱƲסԼ
עʲôط߿һۣЩؿҪ뱻Χ۵Ļͼﺰɡ
ҲʶԼʧ̬Ǹո˺Ǿ仰ر룬ѾԱ߶ͯЦ⡣
һոյӣȻǳһ󺰣ǲ˵Ѿ
Ҳɵֻ֣ǻѾڣǱ¶Լ֮УЩʧֶ㵽ŷҹͷϡ
ҾӦעԼԱ𡣡ŷҹǱ˿˶ԷһۣŮˣҲԲȤ˵úܰȫ
㡭ոѹȥĻͱٴεȼָڶˣָŷҹʲôɵֶΣΪʲôҡҡ
˵ԼŮ˶˵飬ʵһѵ飬ǵų档
˵˵ʸǼ𣿡ŷҹɨһۣ˵вʹ⣬ҿûйϵǰ㲻ңѾԹˣ˵û˵ѡ
ŷҹ̬쳣ƽһְҵҽڸ˵Ĳ顣
˾ſڣͯ벢ԶʱͯǿŬԼĶ䣬Ҫ߶ĻøһЩ
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67 ʵ
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ǵһ΢СĶ̾ͱòһˡ뵽һܣԽԽܼġ
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68 Ľ
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ھʾһǰץȥҲһòҪĶпöԷŭ
ŷҹӹĲ豭ǳǳغһڣڻվǾѾ˰˴ߵı𣿡
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һܵ𣬵ȴܡ
ǣϴŷҹһ񣬴˴Ҵˡ
ЩӦòٻ㡣ŷҹͷѾõĮΪ֮ɣ
˵꣬ŷҹѲ豭Żϣ뿪ֻʣĿɿڴĳ
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˭뵽ŷҹʲôҲû˵ˣֻ¸һ񣬺͡Ϊ֮ĸ֡ʱףŷҹҲûйϸ
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70 ȭ
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һʣһʵ˻ʮ꣬ǶںܶаˣɲŮӵĴ֮ȴǱҩʵҪЧ
ˣһ磬߷֣ʮһ㶼û⣬߷֣ȴһɲ³
ߣӦرģжٵܲʵ󣬲̰ͼЩʵĿ⡣ԼеߣӵоŮʱҲѱӶᡣ
ЩﶼţҲ֣ҲȻʮͷɡǸԼҸڣֻҪõʼնҵõ
ô˵Ů˶һҪ¡ɭĬһ֮ٴ𣬡һѾ޶ˡ
Ŷ𣿡ŷҹһЦһҪл𣿲Ҫһ¡
ŶԷȻҲû뵽ŷҹȻô˵ҪǶã
һ죿죿ŷҹòЦ˵
һҲûУ
Է֪Լˣˣ룬ŷҹĴӦ˸ҪôӦԡ
ⶼܱ㿴治ˡ
ŷҹĵط̵
ҪˣԷ̾ţǺܲԸʹһһ


74 ֪С

ŷҹȴͻȻЦ˵ĸ¶һ㻹һʱ䣬뿴Щ𣿲ҲҵĴ㣬ϵԽãҵ˻ָþԽࡣ
ѩһô˼˵ˣ˵֮ǹ˵
ȷʱ߷ۻһֱЧ𣿡ɭЦУƺȱݡ
ѩ͵һֳʶҲ֪߷ۿ϶ĳЩҩζöǶΪǰΣնǰöһʱЧģһʱ֮ЧûȫʧҲۿۡ
ʱ򣬿ɾǳǧĶֳֻҪһ£˱Ƥ
ǿԵȵȿҲǸ¶޵󱲣Ϊû߷ۣҾûа취ɢЩ𣿡ŷҹ˵Ŵ󻰡
ʱԴҡڵڵϣרĵصϢˣƺȫûаǿкͶ߷ϡ
ѩȴҴ⣬˵ôĶΧţҪ⣬ҲԴ
ٿŷҹڵӾڵϢŶԷ϶Ѿ˯ˣ治֪׼Ǹڰ˲ҳаնԷһܴˡ
ɾЩһҪ©أƺûпǹⷽᷢǶԼҩģôأ
Ȼѩŷҹҵ൱İȫУǲҸԷһġ
۵Ļ˯һȵˣǰЩ߸ߣǸͷڹҲ¶档ŷҹ۾ѩĵĺˡ
ҡҲۡ
ѩЩЦãŷҹ˵ãֻҪһ˯ͿɣѼԺҶɨɨȥһЩȺһ
Ķô׵¶ҪĻΪʲôڲߣҪ˯һ֮
ڲߣΪˡŷҹǲµѩ룬ֱӿڽͣ㲻£ǸǵļһﵨӱȽСҪȻЩᣬֻɫֻ˵ǵˡ
ѩ
ƣĿŵ˵Էѵ
੡ɭڿУ֪ĸΪô˵Ϳǰڵƣֻܲܳŵ϶ǸɣʱֻҪŴʬͿˣαô鷳
ôأ㶼ҹǵС󰡣ŷҹҲʧʱط
ҾͿܳŵ˶ã
ҩˣ׹ǵҩ֪С
㡭
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Ǹû¶ļһȻҲǱŷҹúֻҲóȻŷҹеġ
ѩҲˣ˶죬ʵҲһսŷҹ˵жأҲ֪Ǹ¶ļһһҲǼɵŷҹһ㣬ŻǰҪŸȷеϢŻٶ֡
ŷҹҲǿ˶ԷĲɣ˵ʱҲܻ䣬Լ˵ҲأԽԷԽǲţټ٣һʱ˭Ҳ˵
ŷҹⴳǸҲҹŷҹսȻҲǶŷҹıЩ˽⣬ûоԵİգݱȺΧ˭ҲĽ֡
ѩҲ֪ŷҹĻЩģЩǹöԷɵЩǹʾԷֵģֻ˽ŷҹԲ̫ɣΪ˵׶ǴƣȺΧ޷жԷȴ߾ߵġֻҪŷҹһɣԷ϶ץס͵Ϯ
뷨ոŷҹѾС࣬ȻʼնŵģǺȷǴˡ
һʱѩɫЩʣ֪˵ʲôɵģ£Ȼô˯ţ
ҵǣŵǸȴʼնûκζŷҹ״̬Ҳ˹յ֮ơ
ѩҲ֪ŷҹǲյУֻ˯ú죬ȵĺһҲ˯⡣ǿһСʱ֮ѩҲƣ͵пһʯ˯ˡ
˵һϣ첻˯ֻҲûȺ˯ĵ
뵽ŤͷǸԼ˵ˣʱǸոտʼѣüë˶΢΢˸
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ѩţȴ֪ŷҹôô󵨣ܱ֤Щ߲ܹǸûгֵĹ˲˯͵Ϯ
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á
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ѩɫһ£ողЩߵ飬ŷҹܴùԷЩȴǸ⡣


75 
ʱҲΪܿԼŷҹûĻŷҹ֣ܹԼˡ
ŷ硭ѩ˵㲻ҪңԼ߰ɣҲ߲ȥġ
˭ŸոտڣͱŷҹһִˣǺǣ㲻ǸϼһһΪЩסǰɣ
ѩؿŷҹѵ
ΪҴͳ岻ȥһߣŷҹʡ
ѩԥһ£ǵͷȻԼǱαһء
Ǿֻ˵⼸֡
ŷҹѾ˼ʮ궼Ѿʮ꣬ӦʲôԵһ»ǲܵģŮ˼ǣԼ˶þҪˣԿһЩ
̫ˣǸϼһɲֻҪô򵥣ŷҹεˡ
һͨˣʶ֪Ǵ˭ģǿ֪ѪΪһʲô³
ôô׾᳢ֵζŻ੡
ɭЦ˲ѩɫ׺ز֪Լһʲôˡ
ǸŮһƯŮΪ֪淴ǿÿһЩڵƺԽܡ
ŷ硭ѩĿ¶
ŷҹ밲οȴŮͻȻᶨؿڣɱҰɣ
ţŷҹû뵽ô
֮ŷӵóȥ͵ַȥܲκҼ˵Ĳѩ˵ŰȡһƬݸŷҹ
¹ŷҹƬϵ֣еӡתһ룬ⲻǷɻǸ
ţ
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ŷҹǳ϶Σû˵ĲǣҩС
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С
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ѩҪŷҹΪʲôŪô̶ոſڣȴͣĿɿڴؿΧԶﱾΧǣôߣǶǻһȴһܵĪв׷ѹͬⱼӶȥ
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ħ㡭㡭Ǹɭʱþŭӡ
㻹еʶȻҲϵħŷҹǸ˶Էһܲۡ

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һˣ˼˵ûᣬԼ컹һֱ˰ҹҪҪȥ͵Ϯһ£վȻû֡
˵ģЩԱ߶ţʡĺܶ࣬ĵϢһҹ֮ƴãԸֻɫʮ˸Ӧⲻ󣡡ŷҹƺӶԷ˵˼䡣
顭
һƵĶȥƺĳ˵ȭͷ˼Ӳϡ
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һȦһΧΪ˼˯þһ⡭
ѩʱҲ˸ףԭһжŷҹıõģֻЩףôȷǸ˲ͻȻ͵Ϯ
Щⶼֻһ룬ٻعʱȴߵŷҹѾˡ
ôһҹڵ𣿡
ڸľһŻ׳Ҫʮˣ˿ȻԶƶȴϱһɤӺö˵
˵ӿȥеˣǸ˵ɤϵһ𣬵Ǻӡ
ֻ⸱ûаŷҹŵ˵ǱŷҹĳһߵĶͣ
Ҳһ֣ȴһҲŷҹĻϾͻŶԷصʱˡɽʮҪѪط֣ǴشǼһҩһһҹͻָҩ
ʱһֱڻŷҹҪԼȥڿǸڹʲɵʱпǹֲ²ռ˺ܴӮ棬ûȥðա


76 ѵ
ոԼ֮󣬾֪ڶԸŷҹϣҲûлˣֻڶߡԷħаյһȵؿԼǻʲôɴģ
ֻû뵽ԼŸոնһһѾԼǰ
СӣǹҷŭİɣҲףŷҹո˵ЩһȦףŭ
ȻЩ˵ҲʵǴʱ˵ȷҪǸոһȭʯͷϣԼĲ֮ŷҹôͷʲôط
ֱ㿴ˣȻǸ֣ŷҹȵ
㡭ͷѪոȥֲûһڡ
Сӿڿ˵ԼǸ֣Ķа¶ڳЦÿζģȳ˿׹ζ޴
ˣشҼ⣬лȥĿܣĻٺ١ŷҹֻЦſԷ
ϼһŲѻ˵̫ףԷ϶֪ԼôԸˣһ;ϲַĥˣô϶ԷõַҲһ㣬˵Ǹӿֲ顣
ߵɫȻһ£ҲôŻġǰСӣȻԷΪԼô˵Ҳһˣ׿һһĸˡ
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лᣬԻһѶԷ̴ŵС֪׹Ҳôõġ
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׹űɣ֮ǰڶԷǰûӣ˵Լʱеĸо
׹ţŷҹ˼Ҳתţѵţ
ӹļ鵽깤ŵŹϵʱԴħҲǵõżͣС֮ĶҲûв˽ȫڸ˶Է
ոһһӾϳħѵǸйأ
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ǰ׹ڧ֪˶뿪ɣӶҲ׹ŵʵ󽵣ܶ๦ʧڵ׹ȻһɣʵһЩҲûǿȥˣһжΪȱʧ
벻žȻӣŷҹһβ̬Ÿоϧ
ŲΪݣƺҲǣֻŻһܹУŸһЩɽŶС
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੡ͷһе֣ղŵĽηһɨգȫǰȻ⣬ոֱ飬ȴҲԶֵġ
еĹƣŷҹԱƽƺûжٷŭ߾
ҵĹƳ棬һӣͺúܰɣѧħӦҲǸ׹еԨԴҪͷɫ˵ʱͱеˣ㲻ʲȥο㻹·
˵ŷҹֻǸ׹еԨԴԼʦֵܣڸղŵ£ҲȰѶԷƷ˵
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ŷҹ˵öԣĹƳ֮ôڻ̸ЦѵΪѾܹϢȥѹƳĳ̶ȣǲܣ
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ǰ˲Ŷôܵǡ
һֿܣͷ룬Уţ;ѾɾĻ졭Ǵ˹Źˡ
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ƳģȻһϵķһϵ֮£ɫʱѿ˼֡ʲôǹƳ涼һûУѾûˡ
֮ǰŷҹ֮ǰʩչħͷֱһսҪûˣŲеվȣ˺üͣ£ǰǰ
ѩ֮£һͷͷƵͷӣȻڹŷҹǰˡ
֮ǰŷҹһֱ˵ͷ֪СѩҲֻһ٩û뵽ʱͷԼͺǰ˾ȡ
ͷҲ룬ŷҹ֮䣬ûп˼ҳ֣ѾĹƳˡʵΪʵǿ˵ͷ㲻ʲô˵¶
Żشҵ⣬ڵĹ㶼֪٣ȫ˵ŷҹƺûа֮ǰĹƵһ¶ȻԼ⡣
ǣͷԵԽ
׹ڼǧǰŵʱ򣬺һЩǵڵʱǸԼսĹƳ汻Ƶʱ˵ս൱ȥһϡ
ʱͷҪǻ֪һǿȥˡ


77 
ĿǰĹɴһššɡ׷šӢţһЩСɵǲ٣ֻǶʲô򣬶಻ЩΪ
ͷһЩĹɵ״ȴֹţôߵı£ôԹɶһ֪Ƶģʲô
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ߵĸ֣Ϊʲô̶ȣŷҹʵ
ǿߣһ㶼ٸ˹УǾ˵Ҳﵽ˾۷壬벽ĵزܵõţʣ̾ܽ쾳ҲǴ˵ֻڵ̫٣඼Ѿʧˣһǲôﵽͷ̾һ仰ģûһ١
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ŷҹ۽Ҳһ£۷ĻԼڵΪֱӱԷɱЩɣҲ֪һ粻ݵĽŵĴڡ
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һΣܼǸƯҵľСӣûʲôӴԲĽˡ
һﵹҲþ㲻ֱӾͱˡͻȻĻԷ϶һܲܵ־Ͳ̫˵ˡ
һʱ֪ող˵ôԣҪͬ⣬ԼҸԥҲԶԷЧ𣿸Ҫ˵վͲĻ
ͷһƵļһڵҪʱѾˣѵһֱȥ
ʦͷ΢΢̧ͷŷҹĿȻûʮֽ䱸ȴҲ˿ʲô
ЩûףҪǿ͵Ϯ֪мֵʤ㡣
ͷڱԽƣһθǳ˽ĴɼҲĲԼԸµʱ򣬻׵ķʽС
ŷҹûд˼ͷ۾һת̾뵽һתͷȥѩʦ¸ղײʦʦˡ
ѩһʦеɫ΢΢죬ҲЩ֪ؿŷҹ
ȻǱôһòª˺ܲĺļһʦȴеССϲáСȻԸǿҲϣҵһ˵Լ
֪ԼǾȻûֱӿȥҲ֪ԼЩ뷨ֻѣԶҲʵֵһ졣
ŷҹ֮ȻָоȻȻҵˣһֱڵȵһˣͻȻͳԼǰԾȺȻ˯ú㣬ܹŷҹߣ͸оܰȫԭ򣬲Ȼʵ벻ڶֽˡ
һʱõı͵ҸʦͷһѩȻŷҹöԸö࣬װŻŲسȥһæӵ
͵ѩԷͳʲôŷҹ᲻ԭ¶ԷʱͷĶȻһ䣬ĶȻһѺذף¶ϣѸײڶŷҹѴȥ
ߣڵһŷҹȴһ
˵ʲôӣŷҹǿԷɵģҪСһһȻ׹šҪ֪ǰʱŵ˽⣬ǱκһɶҪöࡣ
ŵĽľ˵źܶĿǣҲܲɫĹƳԭ򡣽ľֻҪϢ¶ĹƳ֮⣬ЩһСһĶ˲
һ˹Ƴ֮⣬ûнܵУûŷҹŵ࣬ǰŪǷ죬Ҳʲô
һܹĴɱֿһöȥֱ˶ԷüĲλ
ħ룡ͷɫֱӰ׵ľһֽһǽһ
ǰֻǻɶԷ׹ԨԴȴǰٷְȷħȻҲܴȴħôɱǰ߶һЩ׹һʧĴɱ
ǰͷеǰ
Էħ붼˳Ҳû׹ǰˡΪ׹ŵһԱô᲻֪еӵôģڵǵĶ̵ֶ֣ȥĥԷֱǱһɱҪѹһٱ
˿ϺʵǶԷһħȻᣬǴ˵еǺģʱֻоͷԱһʹžĵ֮ʹֵĻ󣬾˵ˣ״ڼȵĿֲ


78 ɻ
˭Ҳ֪Щ˵ǿʲôΪˣΪֹûһǻŵġ
ߣɻŷҹȻŹͷôһգֻһ鷳ˣɲɵ
ŷҹûдһʲôħĻ֮࣬ƣֻһϾĺؼһǼ﹤Žֵʱġ
һҲ㹻öԷ㹻ʹˣǸģеƷ
벻һȻ˿ħ֮£㲻һҲùɱ
֪ԼɵͷһͻȻһȡ
ŷҹ֪ͷǲܶģһҲоĶеԡͿԶһ⼲䣬ȴǳǾֱѩȥ
ãŷҹҲû뵽ͷļ́ҲԼǹûзѩ
ֻһ̫ˣŷҹҲֹ֮ʱѩ͡һ˵ϣҲֳڵɫ
ŷ硭Сġѩ֪Լ˾綾ȴһҲԼƣŷҹҪǰ
ǵһ֮Ҳȥѩƺֻ֪Ҫҧ֮κ˶ֻһ֡ԴʱСһﾹȻϾѩԣһС۾ֱؿŷҹƺǸܵŷҹΣա
ࣿԭȻıƣŷҹɽϾΪСЩû뵽⾹ȻĹơ
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ͷɫеƺǷԼЦΪڵѾʼˣʹ࣬ԶԶһģѾ˵ˣҲ޷Լܵʱôһ
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ܡŷҹ˵ЩʱЩɵۣѵԼһȻ޹ǲܣ
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ֻϧԸûгãѾݵСȴǰΪʱҲŬŷҹơ
ܿץסࣿе벻ͨˣôǵҪٶȣ
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ЩȻȥͣץס֮ŷҹɫȴһ䣺⾹ȻıƣǿܹƣߣֶƹƳ棬û䵽˾ͷˡ
ҲклĿ˷õҲβˡǲΪƻΪһץ˹֮󣬶ҪȡùϿɣܳɹʹԷΪ
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һ鷳಻û˳ɳĿܣҲΪ֮ܿ󣬵˶Էһɱ˵ĹߡƴƶУΨһŵû֮
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ģѩʱҲо˺ܶ࣬һůĸоǰҪӽһ
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80 õĹ
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ŷҹҲûдʲôĽβ֮ЩҲûźãԶЩҲûر⡣

˵ͨһСϴŴŴ򿪣չŷҹǰһĻԡڼС·ù⻬Ķʯ̳ɣɫʰ쵣ȥ˺ĵƹġ
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81 ԼǸ
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صûеרź֣ĸѾ˿Щǳפܼҵıڣһǿ׳
ŷҹɨһۣûпʲô֣ҲͲôˡЩ˿ӦҲͨˣһĸʲô⣬ǵϣǾֻܡǺǡˡ
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ŷѾ˸˲裬ܼҵϳɾͲոյĳͻֻһ仰ʹȥˣСүǼүӣƽʱͽ˵˴һʶͷүˣúụ̀ܽ
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Ҳûޣƽʱͦϲͷ߶Ҳ֪Ȼ岻ܼˣҪ˵һ仰Ҳţϵ
⻰ҲǶһ£ٿŷҹѾеˡ
ܼɽСһĴ󸻺ôԴˣͷ϶Сˡ
ӴҶеңҿոռʱס֣Ȼɾʹˡ
ֻǱڶѣҪǵ˴ͷˣ˼ҶܼңҲ취ǵѵҪǽɾֻԼˡ
ղƽʱŹ˵СүΣȻɱһҽУ嵱䣬ֵЦܼҲʸ񣬵˵͸Լҵүˡ
ŷҹܼ˵Ҳһӣ̱˦һ߶ȥ
Ҳģһ̶۷ֱƽЩҲԼǸˣڸ˼һȣԼǸ
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ŷ𣿡˵ڷɻϵ긾Ů֪˵һġ
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ŷǿǰˣŷҹһ˲䣬긾Ůǿʯͷһ΢Ц˵
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ǹˣ˺ڣóܼңҲǰŵڵӡ
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ʲô˵¸Ӿˣ˵Ҳֲ
ţֻڻʱٹԪûôʱȻܸоˣڵӣӦǹͻʵĿꡣŷҹһΣһǸҲˣŮ˴¸ÿعӣûзѾõԭˡ
˵㡭вοܲ˱˵в
죡һɤӣС̾ȥ绹Ǻܺµġ
Ҳѹ֣ǼҵүһֱħǸͼˣҲܸһһЩɡ
ŷ˵ģѵֲֹŴԼֵܣæŷҹѯʡ
ʵҲеŷҹΣΪĵȻǳһˡ
ŷҹҡҡͷϵĲͲŴģԼϵģǸСֵ㸸׵ò֮£ŴεĻŴȥ
ŷ߶룡һ֪̾Լ˼ҡ
ŷҹ˵úܶԣʱԼĵܵܳʱ׵ȷѾףǰǻĹһҲ鲻κŷġû뵽ȴǱһۿˣ
Ҫߵκһۣʾһһ˲Ƕ档
ʵŷҹֻǿģոոζֵʱѾѹͻɵ飬ֵõһЩ֤ʵЩȻȥʲô
ܼҵլҲ̫ԶһŶʮӾ͵ˡ
һӵʽСԺȻֻʮϷӣܼѾΧһЩطһЩʩõڱһĻżһ
ŷҹƺе⣬ܼҵĴ͵Ϸһ͸׵ģ˵壬һֱϲסǶⷿЩ̫ˣҪٷһ£׶̫Ը⣬û취ֻðΧ
šŷҹʵ֪ЩֻǾͺΪһףȴҪзһʵй˷ѵġ
ͷֻһɵ̤뵽Ϸ֮ʱʱһݡ


82 Ƿ
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Ȼֻһǳ򵥵󣬿ɼ󷨣Ҳͨ˾ܲóġ
ŷҹҲ֪һܵɸϴǸ촺һһ촺ԼżȻմֺܼҵүӣǱ˰ˡ
ֻ˵ȻôַȴǺܸ˸ˣȻⱻӵһֱĺá
ûκɱģֻ÷ﵽ֮⣬һЩҪ˵кܴİǲˣҲģ˵ֻкôûл
￴˭Ҳ˲ʲôɡ󷨣ֻǳŷҹ֮⣬ܼ˸ֻ֪ⷿǳ죬һرˬ
ѾǷˮˣԶǸϷ͸ǵˣһȻ뵽Ǻǵסŷҹȴ֪ڲȻٻһЩ˵󷨣󷨣ܼҵүӺ塣
ԡŷҹͻȻ뵽ƺȱһǱȻǸѩɽϵĶһƵĺа֮ſ˲ֲֻ֢ǵּ򵥵󷨣Ӧûز
ŷ룬ǡŷҹϷʱʱüͷɵõ
һ۾ܿϵвֻǻûз᲻ܿ׵ĲѾˣ
ҪǱô˵Ļһٴλǲƭӣ˿ҲŷҹȻû䣬ǾҲʮ꣬ʶ˵еġ
ŷҹʵܣѾڳǸȥˡ
һۣȻ˿ٵظȥ뷨һһǷʲô˷ĸԴˣŻôء
ֻθں棬һĲͷŷҹװŪģƫƫʹ㻹ʲôһֻ㻨Ǯյ̫Ҳֻøȥˡ
һȦʮ䷿ŷҹֱһȥһܼүӵԷ֪ǲҲܲµõΪǺʢĵط
ԷʱȷӦһŮ̧ͷŷҹʱ΢΢һ㶣㣿㲻ǷɻǸ
˵ƭӣǵײָȥ˼ҼȻǻƭ
ŷҹֻص˵ͷĿȴʼûпŮһۣĿڴһͷȫ׵ĸϡ
СƵŮҲûʲôõӡ󣬲Ⲣԭԭǣⷿһ˲䣬ѾǸˣôˡ
ûʲôӵ󷨣Ȼһֻ˰ܼүס䷿ڡ˵ҲûʲôﲻǱķôŶԡ
֮ϣһЩȻּĶһСԺط˸ĸоҲܵκβӰ죬Ƕ˯䷿ˣȴᱻϢڣ²
ŷҹ˻˯ţǰָ㼸¡
ʲôСƾеѾֹʲô
ģֻٺúö˯һŷҹֻǵ˵
裬ô㶯⹫Сתͷʱĸ׺;˾˶Ѿæǰʡ
СȲҪʡʱȴоŷҹ϶ʲô֣Ҷǻģŷʲô𣿡
šΣŷҹо൱ģٲ»˻ɵҸоⴲŲˣһ̧ȥµĵȫ
ЩΪѵؿԼĴ㡣
ֱǺ֣ҰҪ˿ķŪŹ֣ú
βҪ˵ѵСһ䣬ҲЩΪѵؿŷҹŷҲ֣Ҹ׵ȷǶϷĶںҶҪȻͰ﷭һˡ
ҲµòϷ͸㸸׵ˣҵıֵӦͬһɣŷҹͻȻ˻⡣
һǣȷͬһǸĺѣ˵Ҳһˡ
ǣȷǸˣŷҹš
һԼֵܵˣȻһճĥķӺ˻˵ļ˰߱˶мţ˿ɲһ
ŷҹ⻰˵òףȴʲôֻ˲䣬ɫЩ԰
ͻȻתͷźİ˷ԸŷĻүһ̧ȥڵߣ
󼸸֣ҧúأƺʲôһ
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󻹵ĸױһڣͻȻѹҪǵҪٿ˵Ҳͬġɰ˶ֵʱүӾȻ˯ó氲ȣֶ࿴ŷҹۡ
ƽʱ˿ɾû˯̤ʵôôѵҲйϵ
ҪŷҹĻһػһ䣬ϻ˯Ѩ㣬Ҳˣ
үӸ̧ȥ֮ʣµ¶ͼ˺ܶ࣬û̫ľͰѴϵĵƿ
ͣ
ŷҹʱͻȻһͣ֡
Ҷİˣ֪ڿǸʲô˼ؼôҲûɶ
Щڿ˵Ŀ֣Ҳǲ⣬⵽ʲô
ŷʲô𣿡󿴲ףʵ
Ȼ㲻ǿ𣿡ŷҹص
ʲôҡͷʾԼ
ӡŷҹܼػش
󣺡

ǵȻǸӣʵ𣿰
ӿɲҸڵģڶǰѾںˣڵŷҹǸӵ˵ҲûлңԵֻסˣطûз
˵ɴ۾ֻҪסͻֲ
󲻸룬Խ룬Խ̲סȥ롣
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˵ôʱһûоǶԼ̵ıͣҲˡ
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ǶˡŷҹʱȴԸεҲˡ
˶Ծ˼ֻȴվǰ治ôվ̫˻ǲҪŴҿŵʱӵʲô˵Ǳ˴ǰģֽϷİϷҲó԰ڣ
Σʱȴûлŷҹæǳ
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ΪŴİ
˿Ϊ⣬ŷҹŻء


83 
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ͿˣְϷɲǾܿġŷҹ˵һ֣иźһ
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λû˵ʲôͿǰһƬ𺣣â۾æȥ׻ǸоһƬġ
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Ÿƨһһ۶ǻǣüëûˣĶܹ˵϶Էˣʲôֶˡ
β˵ŷҹٴʵ𣿡
ﻹǲλǲɵҡҡ֣æˡոֻǲˣٿȥ˭֪᲻ı𿾳ġ
˭֪ոһˣԱ߶ȴһЦ˳
Сơ𱸡
СæͷСǸղһӿǸͲС˾ˣüëսˣһʱûסЦ˳
Ҳûй𱸣θոյĴţҲЩ⣬С֪ˡ
ΣںúվţٸŷңҲǳ
ŶȥҲȥˣȻʹӦ
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ؼǸղһĻҲһ˵ǵʿװŪ治ôţۿŷŪôһƬĻܵܵüëսˣﻹҲŵġ
Ҳ֪ϣһЩд£Щ˶ܴģˣֻиеˣûȥٰ˸ŭصˡ
ˣոΪȥĺƣڽƱƣȥǶȡɡŷҹ˵
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С︹̣˵Ͳ˵Ҫ˵ʲôҲ֪㲻֪ôỹûβʱ򣬾Ѿ˵Ҫˣⶫ̫ˣԼ᲻
ŷҹҲںЩʲôΪȷʵǲ֪ȷһ㣬Сͬ뷨ĶٹأҲᣬ˵ǲҲߡ
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ǿɲһǰĶôͷмٽţŷҹҲܴĶаֻһ㹻֤ⶫǱġ
Ǽ˶֪Ķŷҹȴ׼ȷ֪λã¼߶þ׼ֶο˳ԾС
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İɣⶫĺѾҪĥɾˣǲڳٹ꣬Ҳͳû˺ԣٲʲô˺ŷҹȻȥֹ⺦˵飬ĵĻһٶ࿪ҩǶȵ²Ѫڻȥ㸸׵Ĳɡ
˵ûʲôΣգŷ
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Ѩ⿪֮Ѿתѣŷҹȴ΢΢ĿҪʩ롣
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붼ù⣬ŷҹ΢΢һ˫ģˣ˼ңɣ
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оһߣλСǡѾ²ǸβˣֻǲȷΪŷҹʵ̫ᣬһҽʦӡ
ŷҹŷרβġæܵڣŰĲκˡ
κˣƺЩŵ˵
ǰŷҲǰ
Ȼ֪ǲǸΣǿǰ״ǱǰҪõö࣬ȻĶôľ˵ء
ǡֹ
Ҳ֪Լòԭ򣿡ŷҹмֺˡ
ҵĲΪסŵõġ̾˿
ʲôܼҵļ˶ȡ
֣֪⣬ΪʲôһֱסǶһУ⡭ΪʲôҲ׵Ļ𾪵ˡ
ôѵǹǾҪҲҪһɣǿǶ֪һĥǶôۡ
£ȴҪסȻǲģٲǵˣ־
ǲǳ̾һҶǸгŵǷģԴӦ飬һʳԡ
⡭֪Լ׵ӣֻҪ˵ĻȻһԾŶᷴڣҲôԼһ¶
ӦǸ˵ʱ򣬻֪ıɣŷҹȴǿʵ
һʼ֪ⷿĻǿ϶ԼĶŮסȴҲﱻģθǵõŴ֪ĻôҲԼĺ󳾣
Ҳǽֻ֪ʱ˵ѾܺúûȥˡŷҹֻҪҰ˵ģһֱסܿ϶ܼҵ˲ΥŵԣǽҲ̫᲻ʲô


84 ŵ
˾͸ӾˣԭײϰȥΪţҪǲһŵǸ˵ŭ𣬸嶼֮֡
ǵʲôˣȻвƵܼңܼηǿȨүӣȻЭԼŰٰĥҲϰ˵
ֻ֮䣬Ѿ˸ģĴ𰸣Լµһֻǲ֪Լүô˽ġ
֮ڰ˵˳ȻҲ⣬ȻǲԼϣҪβŷˡ
ǶȳȥɣЩҪŷ˵
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ŷҹҲżܼүҪԼܶˣȻúúΪҲ棬ˣôһ÷ߵġ
ŷܷһǶ󣿡˳ȥȻǿ˵һ޹ؽҪ⡣
ңǡʮ꣡ŷҹû̫עԼ䣬һʱ侹ȻҲǲ̫ˡ
Ŷ㡭Ȼʵ䣿ȵ
˵ǸвˣŸ䲻òŷҹ̧ۿ¶ԷֱңǸǸߡ
ǣߣһЩҪӴȥŷҹ֡
Ҫڿɻȫ룡ŷҹæֹԷľٶߣҲûʲô˵ġ
ҲµòҲˣǲǣҲֻˣ˵óûʲô˵ĻǺǣڵȵһߡЩ˵
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ҲΪУôңʼնҶԲĶһЩæϣȥ١
ŶŷҹˣԷôĥȻΪǶԲǸˣ˵ĶԹ֣ҪЩʲô
ոŷȻҵĲκˣĶӦѾƻˣȻҲ֪ʲôôһҵȻסܼһ᲻ٱǸ˱Ͳ֪ˣ룬һܼѴŷܰչһ£١Ȼ˵ֻǲ²⣬ȴ϶һᷢһٸܼһѪŷߣ֪ܼҵŷܲʲôҲҵһ⣬ֻҪŷһ仰ܼңԹ͸ŷ
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˶ԷĶ͵ҲͬΣŷҹȻһˣǱϾôعҲ֪ڵ絽ʲôٲڵӲġ
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Ҿ֪ûʲô⣬ҿԱ֤飬ҵļ˺޹ϵ¡
ƺһ£ǾҪ˵
ʵҲжۣ˵뿪չһŮŮΪٻͼ޸ңʮֻˣԡ
ŷҹͷȷǲۣԹˡ˵˭˭ڽŷҹȴƫ
뿪ʮˣȥһɣʮʱ䣬һ׵ķŮȥȣⱾһ̫ܵ飬Էܵ꣬ѾǺ˲顣
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лŷһŵԼҪһ
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ǵȻ鱾͸ŷûκιϵܰﵽ̶ֳȣѾҸм֪ЩƾԼһͳģѾˡ
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֮ŷҹֿҩһǸãһǸ˵õģһУŷҹˡ
Ҫʾһ£ҲҪлǵ׷ŵʱŷҹӰѾˡ


85 Ԩŷ
󣬲ˣŷǴ˵ˣҵĻԶҲҲġ
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ΪԼŷҹѾܸˣֻû뵽װþȻǸ߲ʵĵز˿ɸ׵ټܼңǸһ˰µģܼһû˸˵õģǸף˵˻ֻǸоʵ̫ϧˡ
ûϵŷ˵Ԩŷҵˣ֣ǻҲ𣿡˵˹ؼŷܲϲ˴ţǿԹעһЩԺԨŷʲôҪǿĵİţ㵽ʱŷˣӦҲǵġ
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ǺǣСưɲ⹫۵⡣ŮǺ۰ģͷ׷ŵҪŷһЩȴ֪׷ŵҲһκ⹫Ĳ׷֪ŷݣҲ϶ȥ
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ҪĶˣĶ֪ԼֻǷɧô鷳ǰ˵ʲôϵֵİ
쵹ܳܣһ겻һǮȻܼгдţǲҪƵʲôˣʲôǲҪ˵
ߣҴǰ̫ˣӽҺúһɡ˿ԼĶŮʵ˵ݼҲұҪȫ͸ŷġ

ӲֻΣӴŮɵˣֱҲ̫˰ɣ
ǡŷô˵ȷӦ˵ǱǾ˵ܼһǵģٷµ
ŷܾˡ˵ܼҵףŷͿϣҪĻ֪ԸĶŷҪǿԾôˣպ󵫷ŷҪʱܼҾҵҲһҪǵౡ֮
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ӺŮصˣҲûйڿȴֶΣ㣬Ժµ͵һЩкܶ඼ǲˣһˣܱܼҵҪ⣬𣿡
֣Ҫû⣬ȴЩ˼ڽһЩ顣
죬Ҿȥ׹ұŷϢͷס˵˵Ѿ˰ɡŷҹ֮ǰĽ飬ȻδһסҲûгɹϣ
ԷԼĲһ⣬ҿ϶϶˱Ʋľ֣Ż޼ɵظ˵ЩڴѾ˵ϢǸһȥ飬Ͼһֱ϶Ľ
һˣһеĶԹûˣȻõĽ
ܼ£Ҫȥŷ£ܼһҪһʱվŷһߣҪҪٵرһ̬ȣǶûУŶ
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ŷҹ뿪ܼңֱӳѩɽȥǧǰҶµľڽųǧĺ衣
ܼǿʯͷŷҹҲˣʲôʯͷֻΪĶŻҲһЩı䡣ʯͷ뿪֮ǰλʱҲûа취յֱЩɢѾ𽥵ûʲôãֻһźʯͷѡ
һͨʯͷմȾĶԲһͨıŷҹӡУǧ֮⣬벻Ķ
ǧǰѩɽʱ򣬿ûɽѩʲôı䣿ѵҲɽıйأĻǿܻĲǧ裬ΪǧҲһɽ嶼ɰѩĳ̶ȡ
ŷҹ֮ȴûǰҲͷԡ壬Ѿǧ֣ڸһѩôïֲԭ֮⣬ûиļ̫ĸı䡣
ڱ˿ڵѩɽһصĵطΪɽƶͣҲʵǣȻǵ˾֮Ƿ羰˼ɾһ㣬ɺһ㡣
ŷҹûóȻѩɽȥɹʽѩɽʵǹߡ
ŷҹһװǸߵȫѩҰƷרȥʱ򣬵ԱС㶼ûпȥӭ˵þ˵ĵԱ۾úܣһ۾ܿ벻١
С˼ŷҹȻȥ⣬һеƫȴǸֵԱӴ
ļҵϰ岻һЩƯŮпͣһۣͣûôÿʧȥ˾ˡ
šŷҹִĹ߲ǺϤôҲǸʦܶණһ۾ܿûǺܸлôĵԱղŸҽܵЩÿҶҪҪõ֣׼ӣԽԽãֻҪһװµģװţû˵𣿡
ǸԱЩӣŷҹһ䡣


86 ͦ
סס˵ԱæصҪֽˢһװҪʮ򡣡
˵Ǻ仰Ȼ֮ŷҹûӡ
ѵǻиõװҲҲһһ£ȷʵղŸҽܵĸãҿԿǻɸõġŷҹ
Ǹո˵Ѿõּ۸񡭡
ŷҹ˵Ű¹ſݹȥſжǮû֪¹̶ֳȵˣڼʮ϶ò֡ʵǿвϰҲΪ¹ʱæֻôһõóֵĶŻŷҹ
󹦷Ǹ÷ĵԱѾãƱݺͿһϡ
ܹǶʮǧġ÷ʷһʴӣҲźֻǴʱȴЩŷҹ㱨
ţܲͦ֡ŷҹЦ
ԱһƬˤҲܽͦû
÷ŷҹûǮԼԤƵĶһض⣬Ҳû׷Ǯ˲¸Ӹм
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ǿˣŷҹĴװеǣһ۶ƾն˴Ҳˣû
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ݺݿǸͷӼ䣬ûǮûЩҲŲ˼£ȫ˷ôõ塭
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ŷҹõĿشűңиװ˳صװոʱ򣬶̧ţһҪҪæ͵ϣ˭֪˼һֻ־͸ˣⲻǴʿʿ
Ů곤Ĳ˳øʢ˼֣ŷҹıӰֱͿһӲӵĽӣһǸӰͳȥ
ʱŮ곤ͱһУͷ㷢ըһͷӣ޲ܳȥŷҹֻƬָҧڻû
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ףﾹȻˣ
ŷҹŸոսˮУϷ˵ʶֹͣԼ½Ҫһʲôˡ
Ӧͨĵɽߣ㿴õЩ֪ˣûһ˻õġһЩأȴŸĲмһͨˣȻ͸µ£ԼˤıҲܶ
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ô죿ҪҪһѣ
ˣһСϺ׶ѣòôȥԸ˵ѾˣǻҲץȥɣǰѱδؾֻ֪ٴ˵
ŷҹüͷһ壬ѵǾڽҲ˷ˣ
⵹ҲѽͣȻҶ֪б裬϶вҪõ裬ղ˵˼ڱȡĹУ֮зֵģû취ȥԲŰ˸
ŷҹӦ˵ΪΣ˲СʲôҪҲ֪ǹɵĵӣô˵˶ڽġ
ѽζøˡǾͳˣڽҲֻв塣
ŷҹ죬ֻգۼѾ˲֪ٵľ룬ʩչԦ֮£ˣҲ϶ٶȡ
ֻҪ֮ǰȡڽܳɹ˵ߣ⵹һ⡣Ͼɽ¾ôĵطֻҪԷһ۾ͿԿеĶ
ŷҹ˼ֻõ˾˵


87 ؼ
ոһ˵Ǿ仰ʱŷҹҲһҪĳ֣ˣװôߵɽϵȥҲ϶Ǹȫʬ³ڲǳʲôԭûǸϿһŵĵطͣ˵
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ף½ʮңŷҹȻо˾޴ı֮⣬ͬʱ±ҲȻһɽӦþǱĺĲλˡ
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ŷҹֵĲнӰظӦǵӰǾеġ
Ҫɽһ£⵽ʲôһѽʱŷҹͻȻֳȥ
ڸոյʱǿҵظܵ·ԶĵطһֲϢ֮ϤƺҲоϵϢڡŷҹٻš
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£ŷҹҲ˲ɽĶֱ·µȥ
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ŷҹҲڵʷжھڽļأԽԽǲڷеѣ⽣УԽľȻͬն
ôһѱŷҹ֮ǰЩװȻҪǿ˲֪ٱŽŷҹԾѾץס
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һأһǰصΪŷҹƶϣǹ棬ڴ׶λֱ治ŷҹҲûа취֪˵׿Щɵˡ
ذأڹɵĻѾǸˣΪǸ׹ŵ˵ɣҲǰ벽ĳ̶ȶѡ
ŷҹɻһԼıʱʱˡԭ˾ȻԼı϶ֽţСֶƭ۾ֻǸղһҪϿ뿪˼һ£֪Լλá
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ʲôˣŷҹ̧ͷĿȴԱǰعϡ
˹ץһֻʵŷҹȴӦõһѽֻѽͬ͸һ㣬ϸͷֲ˽ټ
󷨾Ȼƿˣѽȥʱʶ֮иӦǵӰû뵽˾Ȼõˣǿǵ·ҲҲѽõҲɡ
ŷҹҲǰ䱸ոյʱҲʶɨǵ󣬵ֻһط󣬾ͲôƵģ˾ȻƵÿ˵Ҳʲôӹ֡


88 һŸ
ǽһλҽһŵŵӻǣôΪ˵У㻹нҵĻ𣿡
ЦЦؿŷҹ
ֻһѧͨˣΪҪսһѩɽļޣǺǣҲûʲôĿĿԣ˰ɣŷҹЦŽ͵ŶոҿԱҲһ϶µİɣҸ߸·ɽֲɵģѵˣ
£ѱĶó㲻ʱȴȻڣĿѾֱŷҹ汳ľˡ
ǣǻʦֻ棬ҶƭˡװҪŭӣһͨˣôܹѩɽıȴһ¶ҲûУʦֵڷƴƴŴӱܳȴҪռ𣿡
⻰˵þЩˣΪڱ˻ŷҹ˳õıռıһʵϣŷҹȫߵøӴһЩеľڽҲûκιϵ
֮ô˵ȴΪһڶѡ
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ʱŷҹѾϳǱӡڷıȻǴ˵֮оŵ˼µĳӰ
ȻŷҹʲôܸǽţʦŷұĽȣѳӰȴھڽ֮ϣŷҹҲòϣѽȷϡĺýһŵĶɱεĺý
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Ӱ飬Ҳֻ֪ѽ֮Ӵ˵֪һЩȻûù˿ɣѽȥ˶ɵĿš
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ΪģֻΪԷ˵һ䡰ЩûмĹӡ⻰˼Ȼԣ϶ûмˡǸ˵Լɣǵ֮һĽһŵӸˣҲûмҰɣ
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һڹҲһŴˣҪŵĵӱǼֱһ£һϡǽһŵĵӵʦ֮䣬Ϊġ
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ڽһᣬϵ˶һĳӰҲǴ˵еıΪʲôûжԷǰؽһ
ʦ֣ǰѽҲɵӣΪͣûбɲ㶵ǰ塣
ôĳӰѵܱΪ϶ǵĶ֣ȥһǳǵȻ˵
ﰵ˵ôףųӰΪʲôϣƫƫԼ嵽ǰȥ
˵ӰԼҪɼʯʱֵôһطԼûб󣬱ҪûǰæԼȡٸʦһЩôû뵽ӷǳӰִ˵ǸֱӰѽԼˣûзָ¶ֻ䡣
ǿУűȴԼȥҪڵĽడ


89 Ʒ
ʦȻԼõ˳Ӱ飬ͿҲΪųӰȥ϶û취Ϊˣܴҵϵõ湦г֮󣬾ͳһţʱ˭ҲвĵλӰҲûߣǲǣ
ŷҹֻ仰òЦȴѻǵС˼ͨͨ͸͸һڵûУֻϧʦܰעһƷ赶ɱǧǰЩɶúܻڵĹҲѧǺõѧᣬĲỵ́
죡Ǳ仰˵ʹЩա
ŷҹ˵öԣӰʲôǿǴ˵еıôȥ϶䲻ԼŶ졣õҲϢ͸¶һ֪һӵһѴ˵еıĸɶҪһɻ᲻Ƕδ֪
ʦ֣㹥ǰҹȰС˵쿴˳Ӱ𣬽ҽһŵĴ󻼣ʱæ˵
ǻǵŷҹһˡӰܾزסزס͵ˣ󱦽˭󻹲֪ء
ӴʦܿǴʴ壬ɱ֮ΪŹ㣿ŷҹϾ˵Ĺϵ˿ҲаʱɱˣȻٻȥʦţ˵ѩɽһħͷս֮£㱻ħͷɱȻɱڸ㱨𡭡һϷ롭
죬Ϊһ𣿡ȴԵ쳣ᶨŻǴһʦ֣һɱ˵
ãҪһŷҹˣʱĶвͬĵ
һǰһŷҹΧסӱһѷȻŷҹ˹
ŷҹЦһȫȻûаѺһ¡ΪԼǿôһ㣬ǱȽֱǶԷڡϽľǿᣬͲܸʲô˺
ǶĻǣ˼ȽصΪʵϿ϶ҪǿôһųӰȷǱȽѲĽɫ
ͬʱ˿ûгɵŻǳȥΪ˻һϣȥŷҹһ˻ǡ
նһûκλڣڽŷҹľ֮£ȫ̩ɽѹ̬նȥ
ϴľ޷磬ûǶЩľڵһʱ䣬Ȼ벻ʲôʽȥƽ⣬ֻǱؾٽӭ

ཻڳصĽڳӰĽϣŵĳʱڻһȡ
صľ磬Ҳˣ
Ӱڻǵ֮£ˡһأ޴Ҳŷҹȥ
ŷҹڿУȴһҲţƺһж֮УȻһŷĳͬһöڵһȥ
һʽ仯Ȼ죬ŷҹȴ˿ԵóǸڱһԵƮȻ
ûôˣŷҹǳȥģҲû뵽Էȥÿ죬ĸ졣ǰԷѾԼǰеķӦֻʣ˾ٽӲն
ΪԷתһͲ֪Ӧôһֻƴˡ

ܲһȻøԷıײһֻ漴һĳնء
һҲ˰أ£ˣͷѾ͵˼ҵĽϣҪļʼֱԺԲơ
һ̣ȴĪһϲ̾ԼǺõҪĳ̶ȣԷʧһͻȻʧأԱ߶ˤȥҲȻû׼ͷ߻
ոҪ˭Сӳ˦һţŷɳȥ
Ҳ㣬һŻһֵ
ȫûбߵıߣĸмһŰ
ˤ˳ȥһԾֳųӰӰһŷҹܵŵնɱȥ
ꡭ
ĥ졣
ǸоԼƺȶԷҪǿһЩǿȴǳޣҪƾưѶԷѹǲܵġ
ĵǣǰҲû̫ǿֻҪһʱ䣬ҪɱƺҲ̫鷳
ֻ֮Ҫٰһоܰԭƻȥˡ
һЩʱŷҹȴͻȻһ󵨵ľٶ˱˫ֳֽȫ࿹ȴɿһֻ֣ôĽץ
ɵ˰ɣץǷпһ˵ӰжֻҪ֮䣬̾ܰ˵Ƥˣһš
ŷҹʱɵһѸųӰץȥ
һʱ䣬ǲûֹԷԼѰǵʡ鷳ˡȻץһ²ǶԷֱ˵֮󣬶кôġ
ꡭ
ŷҹָϵʱ򣬶ʱһƬѪ
۾һһɵˣȻС
£ԼıоɶԷĻĶǶԷѰ·Ҫͣ˵ԽԽá
ǡ
ӰĽԼֳһӰ֣ŷҹѪӡ֮£һ֮󣬾Ȼɶĺۼ
Ҳˣ֮ϷӦ
ã
ѾˣеĳӰͻȻֿʧ֮£Ȼ֪Ƿʲô
Ҳһ׳գ֪ʱҲԥˣӰһգºϵһˢһŷҹĺ
ŷҹһͬʱϻǷһƬѪ
ˣǶ֪ԼոһûУǶԷϼȻðѪˣӦǴˡ
㻹ˣʲôոһĻﰵһ⡣
ֻŷҹһɱʡʲôոָоⱲӶҪڶˡ
ಡ
ŷҹΪ˱Ȼڽ˳ֻЩִٵһ׾ͱǿķɣʱӸ൱ǱͣطУϻʱʱðһƬѪ
ҪɱĻǶһοˣ˵Ϊʲô᲻ͣðѪѵӰ̶ֳȣ
ڶûжˣŷҹȴڷţʲôԿأֻܲͣضмţɾǱƵһ
ֹûгãŷҹֻͣǿȥǱҲ̫ɣֽһƺҪ̶ʲôһֻҪһ̾ͻٴοƲסԼ
ɣĻŹֲɶõĻᡣ
ȻȥԼ֣Ǽһ˵ҲǻԼɲðκεա
ֻˣȫ
ʦ֣ʱȴһԾϣӻǵı
ţǸոҪ˵ʲô͸оϮһ㡭
ӰҲͳһãⱦķֻҪǰ϶һԷնˡ
ֻϧõȻҲ뵽ˣĲһԲںĶ


90 ͬ
ã
һ֮Ķ֪ʲôǷʱס
ⶫؼǶڹߵϢƻž޴ãըҪ֡

һУ֮ǿҵĳʱѻײ÷ɵȥ
ؾ˲ΪؾܳԶңݺݵ˵
һȻˣǸոһ£ӰȴҲһЩãʩչ֮£ҲǻסĹؼλֹһİУҲԺòȥ
ʦܣʲôǿͬʦֵܣһڵϰˣһʱ䡣
Ȼ֪Էɱԭ򣬾͸ҪɱԷһɶŵġ
Ǻǣͬʦֵܣڵͬŵʦֵˣȡѱ㾹Ȼʶһ䣬ͰΪˣҲµòĻɱС֮󣬽Ҫɱ˰ɣ˿ҷɣŶԷС˵òɱ֮һٸ˵Ǳɱģǲǣ
ʦܣҿʦִûҪӰΪУѽ¹ش󣬾Сõסģһ֪ˣǽһŶסѹҪȥʲôʸȥͼıǻǰѽɣɣæŽ͵
˵ɣǲϲϣҶ뿪ˣģʦֵһһһȫʬ۹¶ɱ⡣
㲻ҪˣǸСڿûΪƾΪεɱңͶԼ·ܷŹġ֪ԷѾҪɱղѾ¶ҪѶԷһ
ǺǣһˣΪһ㶼ܱŪΪһԸЦЦ
ѾԤıûСӵ飬Ҳ֮ǰͶ֡ǿɲɵӣȻҲһ۾Ϳ˶Էļɽƭ˵ѾùףʵʱѾҶɱģǲǣ
˵òӰҪҲҪʲôһŵĵһţҵõ˳Ӱٱʳ湦֮һŵĳƺţһҰɣ˵ţѾѶϽɰ˻ǡ
ǻӽһʱȴָϽһģȻһףæ֮·ˡ
䡱һ֮󣬻ȻһѪеĳӰҲ֡
Ϊ׾ҪҵҲ̫СҡֻһЩನʱһлᣬ̾ͳгӰѾһŹӰ
ߣ֪ûôöԸҸԤһݶ񡣡ƺ֪һҪ˶ԷƵģ֮Ѿһ
׵㡭Ǳǰ˵ƣҲ㲻ֻеĳӰ𣬻סԼҪ
׵ǱҪǿ˴˼ڸղΣյ£ԷȻûóɼѾ׵׼ˡ
ӰȻǿ󣬵κλȴûôı£ûˣĽȴ׵ˣƤ⣬屻ٴκʱǰѾһƬǽѪ졣
ˢ
ĳӰһ͸˻ǵš
һŵĵһţɴ۾ôҲû뵽ԼѩԼһŵʦֵ
ɱ˻ǣ΢΢һԷһֱǽһŵţѹһͷԷУҲž޴ѹεõ˻׵治˵͸Էͻ뾡һа취ҲֻöԷԼԼ֡
Ȿһ൱ѵ飬վڶԷλϣǸֺԼŹġ
ǺǣǾʣΪһѳӰһŵʦֵɱ֪ҪýһŵſһĻʲôоŷҹƵ
类һ㣬¶˸ڸղŵһ˲䣬Ȼ˸ˡ
ȫһ˿ˣɸղŷҹǵĳӰƵǷһϻĴðѪ
ѵװģ
ͷһֻȫѪҺҪһװģԼôĶ֣˿ɲٸһٸԼ͵ϮĻᡣ
Խ룬ĺ¾Խ²ŶԷǹ¶ǸûռϷ磬ȥʱһԼ͸ƴһһԷȴվ֮
벶ȸںҪӲң
ʶеĳӰǶԷԤıҲ־ܣ䵽˵ûл·
Ǻǣ㻹ţѽɱң͸ɱûʲôѹǸʦֻ֣һˡŷҹȻЦڽûȥֻյڵϣû˼
ԽȴԽûаգ˵ĵĻǼٵġ
ոûпŷҹռʲôˣǳһͬģƺʱмʱ䶼ڷںܶõĹʱ˷ˣΪʲô
ô˼ţԽԽǰɲ⣬֮ܵ
װŪˣΪһĹȻԼ͵˶Էһóһ亹湦˵ȻĻ̾·
Ǿԣŷҹ˿塣
ȻɵɵظԷȴЦһٴóһöףҲóӰΪûа취Ը𣿡
ŷҹû˵ֻǶֻ׵֡
ֻֻ̧ŷҹĳĬϵЦݸʢ֪Լ¶ˣŷҹղſ϶Ҳ˵ˣȻһֱڵϣȥ
ףǻԵʱҲһԿοǶԸһȻǻҪһѾ˵Сأ
ֻǻ׳ȥͼŷҹͻȻһĨЦݡ
ôһЦȴҲˣһ¡
ʱŷҹˣֻ΢΢һֶѣȴ˷һ⡣
ź⣬ǿҪԷ䵽˵ϣһ䵽ϵģץ׵ֻ֡

ǹ֣ɲʧɫ
ѪҪشпܵذеĳӰŷҹ˦ȥȻץסֱۣҪѪҺֹסȻܻȥֻҪһͻΪʧѪ
ֿҲɣ֮󣬸һûа취ܵġ
ۡ
һֻҪһܾͻᱻɱʱ򣬸ո˦һѳӰȴ˷ǷãŷҹһѪۿһҲᡣ
ԭҲˣ
˵⻰ʱеҧгݡ
Էˣһ˵úأɾ£ȻԼߣһֻ֣ؿԩ˼ˡ


91 ɱ
ɸոôԼ֣ͺˡ
ɱǲֻܴﵽľ𣿿ɸոˣмٵġ
ǺǣҵȷˣȻΪһµ𣿡ŷҹȴŻˡ
˼ȴڰʾԷһʼˣԲûֱӶ˳֣ȻĻͶְǸɱˡ
Ÿոһָն֣ƺѾԼǿˡ
ߣܵĻͰҸɱˣȵ𣿡
һȴǲˣȻһֻ֣ǲʲôˡԷɱĻ϶ܲŷҹֻǿ֮ĩĻˣ̫˶Էˣ
ʵֻǱܷӦ׳ȥһѽܻԷһѪڵŷҹԶҪöࡣ
Ҳ²õֻԲ̫ȷţҲûбҪȥðȥȷϣиõİ취
ȻܵøԶһЩȻ󡭡óһ
һ׵ʱŷҹ˱ɫڵȷ˵úأǱǣǱĽ
ԸոյûʱȥˣΪѱûһ˾ͻƴһȥ
Ҳŷҹ»ôǵʱΣգеڶѡĻ϶ôȥðգϣڶԷ˵ĻݺϣⱾе׶
ǾѾƴһʣµһҲڵӦ˵ġŷҹҪϢϢֻ˵صһˡ
֮ɽѾѩȴɽû䡣ŷҹﰵЦѵŸʦҲҪһأ
ʦ͵ϮΧ˵ùȥһأ˵ŷҹҪ棬ðȥƶԷĳӰԣ̫Ϥȴ֪ܵıӵúܲҡ
Ϊڽϱǿˣȴһѽϳôò˵ŷҹ̫ðˡ
ոմҪߵĻоųɵİ׷ԼȻ֮һЩС鷳ǱϾǶǿԤҲԤġһжΪӰѴϹžʹıҲͬž޴
գƴһ߻ᣬܰȫ£ҳɹѳӰһߡ
ֻŷҹҲڣԼĽԷֻһЩٲôҡѡпҲЧķӰ
ֻ֪Ӱȴ֪ڳӰУһѰ֮ǾǺ⽣˵ӰڹͺڰʱһӰӣǺ⽣ȫӰΡ
ѽͲڳӰУ׵ĽŷҹҲС˵˵ģ˭õѽЩ֪ϢˣǱҪģȻҲһ
ЩҲõģֻϧû뵽ȡú⽣ҳɹḶ́Ȼ˼һˡ
һڶŸ׼ʱ䡣ŷҹǺ⣬ոճһѾļޣҪһѾǲ̫ܵˡ
Сһֻ֣еˣɾûлȥˡŷҹȻأȴûʲô̫ķӦ
⻰˵һûֵĽգѪ뻹ǰȫĻǲǡ
ҪҪһ£̧ͷһԲۣǼһﾹȻˣ
ûһֵʰոջڳˣһȻ˵ܾˣǲ
һ߶̣ȴҲʱ˲ȣ漴ȥ
ŷҹɲһҪӻˣ֪ٴȥ͵ˣҪΪʲô£ǲɵ
䡭
û׷ŷҹڰվѾǰȻŷҹѺ⽣˰˳
ûа취ú⽣ƾеЧǵͨãȴǴ´ġ
⽣ֻǱԹҲôȻǰôͱˣǿϧ֮࡭
˷ŷҹǱƷɶٳʱϵǱѾһЩȥĲٶˡ
λô㣿ǸڵһҲٶŷҹһöף˵
һŷҹûȥӦûгûκζĿⶼûг߿һ¡
ˣﲻȷΪŷҹʱһصơ̫ĶΨһ֪ģŷҹǿ챻ɢˡ
Ҵˣ뷨ֱһ׹ȥǾòˣͬűС˼ҪܴӶԷϣҵĹ߱ʲôȻĺôӰǲԼҪġ
ֱѾٵѪȻҲŲٵİ취ֹܰѪģһٶʮСģͬʱһöףŷҹš
ҲСģֻǸոѾ˴ˣٲСģĿܾͲ֣Դˡ
ף
һȣڵϵŷҹ
ŵûŲһ£ҲֱӾͳźȥ
ֻǶԷһЦȻǸǱòǱˣȴЦ顣
㡭֪Լһαˣˣ׶̲סҪ󱬡
ȿȡŷҹҿԼ벻һأһصĸ֣ȻҲصСɫôңҲ̫ԩˣ
ʲô㡭أҧʵġ
ԼһֱǸĸսȴԼ˵أһ˭أ
ȻأҪɵﶷȥҶɱ˼ˡŷҹЦ
ǻڵ˳Ӷˣµʲô֪ԷأѾԷ˰
ԣأôɱôնԼֱ۵ģ
һ㣬ͻȻһŷҹȣף
ûꣿ
֪ԷϸûףֻѣҪеĻѾˡ
ֻһȴвͬһȺ󣬽ķһںĶ
ֻɨһۣ֪ǲǿʯͷͲʲôףһﵽڶСɽ컹
ȻǾ͸ɣ
֮䣬ѾǿʯͷץżֳЦף
ǺǣҵףСģͻԴŷҹҲЦ
ٲ湦ҾͰӸ㡣ʯͷ׵ֻصģףαҪʲôҵ޵ġ
ǺðɣĻܼǵҪҪ㳭ŷҹȴǲг̫ĵġ
ãɣŭ
Źס
ûꣿ
ŭˣΪŷҹһһʯͷǴҪıƵް

֮ǰͬǣʯͷҪٽʱٴŷҹһʯͷԣǴʯͷ緢ܵĻ˲Ͱû˽ȥ


92 ׿Ҫը

ͻıʣֵųӰһѷֻҪŷһصΪԣȫϱƿ
ֻϧûмֹķʽû˵ûģһʱôעûа취ӵùȥ
ȵҪʱȴѾˣĻȻƷʲߣȴҲ˵ģٲǷ
׿Ҫըˣŷҹѵ
΢΢һ㶣̧ȥʱ򣬻ھϡ
䡭
ʵŷҹȥƣֻҪϢʱ䣬ͻữһڻҡ
ŷҹֻȡϴðյĽѵһеΣյĿȫ˽ȥǰԼ졣
ۿʦһͬ·ŷҹһæӻͳҩιԼţȻδˣǺôҲܶһ¡
Ϣһ֮վһγԵĿСúúõϢһ£ѩɽǾ֮أǿˣһʲôɵĵӣɾѲˡ
ȥлµĶȫճ˻ҽҲٴֳʲô
ף
û뵽ǻɻҽ󣬾ȻһöɫĽָ
Ȼʳָǵȫѹ򣡡ŷҹΨһһ¶ˡ
ȻǴָռֻ׼ԼǰõĲ̫ԶȴӦö̰ѳӰ⽣;ڽһ˽ȥԼױңŷҹ룬յ
ȻһЩҲ̫СˣֶдָɼĳЩֶϣǿܸҲԶһԷıҲûмֶΣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ŷҹεеˣʶ֮ԷֶθΡЩ֮ĵǽһԼģɴָȴֻǼ˲еĶҲֻǻԵɺ֮£ŵõһöһţҲҲڶöˡ
յĶ֮ŷҹѾƣ˼㣬һսΣؼһշ⽣ʵǺķ̫
ջǺܷʢֻǸĴҲ൱󣬲һŷҹԼύ
תɽµײײȥοȫûʱģԼͻȻҲ˼ʱ򣬵ȷ֧ȥˡ
ҪɽŵʱԼʱʶѾЩģһģѾӵˤȥ²ʮֶ滹Żѩ̵棬ûˤˡ
쿴ʲôˣ˴ɽˣ
ŷҹģˣ֮ʶһƬڰС
һۿˣϳ
ûһôöԹԴǰҲٿôģֻȻΪֻҪģΪֺйֵĵطҲ⣬ݣʾԼĴȺͶԼϲ
˲һһʼ͸ͨ˿ԼһҲ֪һܳúÿһ֮⣬ûʲôֱȥرˣҪȥñ˵Ļ˵ģһԼ
ԷȷûеǼұڵҴԣҲֻΪ˵ҪæʳԶѡ
һ䡰Ϊ֮óرײһ£֪ʱʼ˶ԼеһøѾþˣһμʱ򣬺ܿܶԷͻΪ·ˣʱȻѹ
ҪҪԱ߶һŮŷҹһѪŵˡ
Ҫѡ֪ŷҹһˣ˵ɽϳʲô¶ҪǰѾ˵ٵ鷳϶ɽҰޡ
ŶŶӦáӦǰɡŮֻãȻӦš
ɽϣ˺üˣֻϵӰӶûпŹôһޣ
㣬ҲŪɣҪæӡ
Ů˼ԣŷҹһǸ˲ɵˣ˿ˣ϶ģʱ鷳Ǻܶࡣ
Ҵ绰Ҳⷽ飬Ȼþ˹֪¡
Сţŵ¾֪ˣҪñ֪
֪㣬ǡСſ˻Եŷҹȷ˲ǻһ
ģȹҵΪ鷳Ҳֻܵұġػش
ţ㡣Сſô˵̾Ҳصصͷ
绰ֻͨ˵䣬ֻһʱ䣬ӸصĽͻȻڳһӰֱų߶
ӣ͵ҵķúñҲκ˺طԸ
ԸңҪǿС㣬Ȼ˳ңǳҵѱĲҪ˵Ļڣ׳⣡ӿһ۵ϵˣ״µС㣬ô
ǾҵǸˣҲһߣҼȵĻⱲӶᰲĵġ˵ú棬Ҳȷġ
ˣСģҲһµˣ׳˼֮ŷҹϣԾѾӰˡ
㡭СſһĻȵ°ͶҪˣǸ˺һˣô죡
Сţ㿴飬ɲܸ˵ŶҲ֪ŮǶˣֻ˳㶣һ£ʵǸ˵˸ֻûп
𣿡Сűŷҹһͨˣû뵽ڳУȻȸղǸڵֻҪǳ֮ˣ㣬㵽ʲô˰ΪʲôôһǸɣ쾩ĳ𣿡
СѾͷʲô㣬ԺˣѾң쾩˹ϵԺҵӻѹҲңᴦҹȥСţƽʱʱ򣬶˸ùϵʡõʱҪˣû˻ٰˡһ£ƽʱҲҪֵøߵ̫˵һŶԸء
Ҳ£Ҫ㣬ҲᣬҺãҾͶãҪ㲻ˣҲûʲô˼Ҿ͸һˡСЦŵ
ǺǡСŮҲȷʵǺܺãûһܶôչ˵ġ
ոǾ䡰ҺãҾͶá仰Ҳһ³ʱŷҹģǺܺˣȴ˱˵ģΪԼӵиľ棬˾ԼѾŮˣĹݣʩѹȫȻû»᲻ŷҹ鷳жôð
ôһԷĻᣬôŹŷҹĶ˭һҪİȫӦǷġ
С뿪ط֮󣬴ӿѩʯ߳һӰ


93 ط
۾ıȻŨŨĺ⡣
һжǰŷҹͣںòҵᣬһ˰ӣôܴ
Ѹٵشֻҵһ벦ȥǸ磬ؿǸ⡭
ŷҹʱ򣬷ԼһǱʲô˸ȹˡʶһɨ̾ͷԱػӡ
˭ŷҹʵ
ӣǳС㡣Ҳ֪ԷҪʲôֱӸ˴𰸡
ŷҹ룬ǸŮ
Ϊйϸˣû뵽Ե֮£ȻԼ
лŷҹҲûо˭˿ȻһЩ󲿷ֵҪ⽣ʱ̫󣬺ܵನεġ
С˵ȹӦõģҴǸӰѳԸԭ
ŷҹǵȻЦһ£С
С˵̫ܲûйȻ˵ʱעŷҹȴ˵ЩʱʵЩߵġ
СҰɣ˵ǰһʹŷҹ
΢΢üþԷǹߣҲûʸ̬ȶԳվһ̵ˣʲôҲû˵ֻվſȥ
ڱݵ˸תмʱ߿˿⼸ߵһ
Ӳûаŷҹͽͬһұݣڹ˵֪͵ĶˣΪ֮ڼҲһˡ
Ǹ磬߶ļҶ˸㶨ˣֻҪֽԲκεĺۼٺЦ˼
а٣оˣǰ;Է⻰Ц
һһߵǣȻּ˵Ĺֻڵ˶е
ǺǣǸ˵ЦˣרҵСӸˣôҾٲ˳ǸġĥŷҹϾ̲סЦ
ʵС椶Ҳǲеʮϣҩʡˣֻϧ֮ͷҪҪǸҪŵʲôһŽɫǸʲôݣ
Ǹ˵ָǸô˵ģʱֻˬһ£Ů˵ʲôֻӦһ£û뵽ˣȻϽˡ
Ҳ֪Է˵ʲôǸŮʵϾ˲մƷ֣ԲŻܸǸ磬û뵽ǸСѾͷʲô˶մҺǸԸŮˣҪȻǺҪŮʬˡ
ģҸǸ׼ģɲһĻɫ԰ٷְ⣡ųŵߵ޺˵
Ŷ˵˭ǸҲһʣΪܸŮˣѾŮǡ
Ц
˵ļٵģǸСҲؿ
Ȼ֪ϲŸոǣֹһŮ˱ŪŮ˼ӵһ𶼻ҪƯҪлᡭ
ˣ
ģҰ£ģ¶ˣҰܳǸʹ죬Բţٺ١Ц˵
˵õò͸űһŮ˸ˡ
ŮˣųҵĿɽ˻治˵ţҲŹڲһˣʲô¶ҲٰͷԼҪǰֳ¶عǳ׻ˣԺҲȦȥ
׼ˣڰѳ£ûһķգŮֻд̵ķݶ
Ψһźǣڻûлָ˵ҪȻԸǸһŮ˺úüʶһԼ۷硣
ⶼŷҹɵģһҪԼָ
ǿ֣ӶеȲˡǸ˷ܵش֣ɫе졣
СӾⷿǸɼǵǧھͰŪһ¶ҪءҪŷҹȻķˣ˭βá
֪֣ǸСܣڹһѽŸƿȥ
ôãýˣŷҹڴϣ̧ͷ
㲻˵ڻǰԵ𣿡ǸڹСʵ
Ҳ֪֪ΪʲôһŷҹûлԵʱȻе£ˣȰ˵ǸӦУ
УǸɲûмСһʵѩȻ̫󣬵ӵһ£ҲǸ쵱ĵ´ˡ
ֻ֮棬öһεĲɫô֣ͲˣÿһǰĽƴ֣Ѱ߰˸Ҳġ
⵱ȻΪ˶ԸŷҹŵģʵҪΪ˱ǸԼİȫЩڲֹãȭͷӲ϶һ
Ǹֻһ֣һȥҪŷҹ֮ǿдߣҲ˼֮ٺúĥ
ס֣ʲôˣΪʲôҵķ
ͻȻ˽ŵ˲澹Ȼô˾ˣһԱߵĹ̾׷ʲô顣
֮ǰԼЩĵֶΣŷҹײƣһֳ³Ǹŷҹ֤ʵģŷҹҲ˵һﱾûǹвˣԾ˵ֽš
ԺȥҽԺ飬һ֣Ϊ֪ԭίڵ͸ˣ϶Ƿŷҹˣŷҹˡ
ǳȥٲȥҾͱˣһߺţһ߶ΪεСʾ⣬ܳȥ
ֻϧһ¾ͱ˿Сű˽һϣɫʱЩˡ
Ҳû뵽ԷĵӾȻôѵ͸Щɥ飿롭
˵ĵǣոջӸ֧ˣǰ޹СŸ˽ǳˡ
ӿѰˣ֪˰ɣɲϲ̫鷳ҿһطǸС㿴ô찡
ǸͷȥΪѵӡ


94 
ﰵһҪǸĻ¶ʥˡ
ҪǴǰ϶ҲСϴ⣬˵Ϸġ
ֻϧֻܱ˳ǸǸ˵ˣЩԸš
֪쾩⼸ִʲôѩлòƻǸҪǾһֻڸȡ
Ǹ˵ҲϢŵȴ޿ˣŮˣ֪ʲôԭѾϵˣҾԲǰŪʲôһҸϳˣǲܵһģ˵һ⿴ʰŮء
ţǸɲΪԷһ仰ˣ¶ѱ˵¶Լǿǽúء
Ҳ˭ҶһͷĽܳܵģԣѩеٴҾͲܴùҡ
˵ѣҪöԷԼǳҵˣеȴģʲôǸĸҶ廹ӣԻĴ
С˵ѣһҲŷҹƭҵʱһ˵ú顣һأֱ׳˵ѡ
Ǹ翴ѾЩˣŮǲǸѾûйϵˣԷôһʹž޴ķգ׼Լڹ
Ǹ磬ҿһҪ˼ҲûУҡҪʲô֤һ£ô֤
׶Լ˵ģѾûйϵˣǿտƾ˵ǳǿɲţҲðôķ˵
¶Ҳ㣬ʵڲ˻ˮˣǱǸǸԼʵ֪֮ģʵôȥ쾩ҵˣֻйϵѾ㹻ŷɥˡ
Ǹɱô˵һԷĻſʵΪѾǿҵĲˣҡҪŵĻҰŮŪ㿴
ǱƼˣȻðôһ仰ǻһڣԼʮ⡣
ǸǵıұѣֻҪԼһӣ֪̾ԼƭġʱҪǻҪԼʣµģҲҪǲ룬ﻹһСųǸֱ޷ļƻ
ŶӳǸȻһ
ҲúܣԼһ¶Ҫĸôɣǻ֤С˵ʵ
ɫˢһ±ֽһҪôƴԷôˣСſ϶Ӳ˶֡
ǺǣСӵӻ⣬ǾôɣҾͿǵĳǸˣֵǶľǸЦЦؿŹ
ǲȻطһڣȥҲӣڣǰһصĵطʱǸôãǻ˵𣿡ٴ˵
ˣ֤Ϊһҵ˶֣Ǹɲɵӣڰѳץߣô˵Է˸Լȥˡ
ǡ
ûпǣǸһüëЦЦؿŹ
ԷҪǻһʱ򣬹ҲǸڼ͵͡
ܳǲǳҵˣڶҪ֤ǣҲֻҪǸСѾͷͺˣǵĻٺ١
Ǹû˵ȥ˼𶮣ôˣɰ鷳˹ȥ
Ҫǹûа취֤˵ҲҶǾ˵Էǳҵˣʱ򣬲ǳһԼǳǸ߶ҲŹΪöԷŵù˿϶Ҫͷϵġ
ˣﰵһ
˵ǳڲǳҵˣûңԼǸƵַݶϣҲͷһͷ¶ﲻɣ
ҲǳǸ뵽ģ˵ܳǲǳҵˣᶯȻǸ˳ӡ
Ϊ𣿡ʱһֱŵðָڶ˵ĳȴˣԼǸѵûȫ¶֪ѾıӦһ汳İɡ
ôһ˵ȫס˷ܵĶʱһըףôͷš

Ǹ⻰ʱʱһ£ٿı飬ʱ߰˷֣Ц
һСӾȻԼȥƳҵˣ׿ڽžȻģڵ⣬һƬˬ
⻰ʱ˿ûԼǸʲô
ð뷨Ǹֻ֣ⳡԺذ氡


95 Ҫ
һЩ̬뷨һȴǸһû·֤оԤһ֤¶ԼûϵһжǹŪġ
ٺ١һǣЩˡ
оԼڱԵʱͻȻ˽סŮҪӺ£ȴһӰѳˡ
ܾôţӻ֮ǰ뵽ʲô취ĻùĿܲԼСŶӲһ١
ܡܣԲܣ
СšǺģһ仰þеʱŵĲǹ𣬶ǸһֱԹۣȴȨĳǸ磬С
ŶǸǺȤĿų
ŷҹɱ˹Ժ󡭡ˣұ֤ҾԲ鷳ҧ˵Щ
ѾȥˣֻҪܾСţɱ˹ԼһαںĶ
㡭Ҳû뵽ôһжȫû뵽һҲڵģǸ籾һ˵ԼҲû̫Ľ飬ȫĹϵΪ˵õŮˡ
ᣬĻᣡ
ó۵ʱԼоŵױ
ôܻǸܣ޷öԷҪģŸ㹻ͷɱ˲գ۵Ķ˵һӰˡ
֪Լ˭ɱӦòᣬΪ֮ǰ͸Ǹ˵Ǽ񣬻ֽţһȫм¼ģҲ˵ʲô˽䣬֪
ʯͷԼŵĸо治ãҵĿܲǽţܿһǧʯ͵һҵͷϣò
ǺǣҸһܵõ㣬˵и㲻Ļɫƾʲôҷ㣿ǸûĻֻȤؿų
ҡĶͷЩѾǸϵת䣬ӾţѵһΣȻĵ޶
ΪĹ𣬺ܿҪˣĳŵһҲ˵ȥˡ
Ǹͫһڳʱ򿴵ˣȴһֱû⣬˵Ļǰѹ𵱳һˣѵ˻ʲô
ŷҹʱת۾ЩǸ⣬ұ뱨һЩû뵽ָô鷳ҡҲá
ŷҹֻǵЦһ£ո£άǿõģ֮ǰΪŮСļƣЩɼһȴȫˡ
һҸ鷳ŷҹתͷɨˣÿһˣǱ߶һƵģһ鷳ԺҲЩ鷳ˣһһ飡
Է˵Լ飬ȴЩζΪŷҹ˵ǻҪ˵ĹϵֵһЩЩͻЩȵΪ֮ĸҪǿˣҲûôӲԼվܵõŷҹԭ£õ飬ΪԼͲһϲ˵Ů
ŷҹʵѾԳĹۣܷԼһСŮİΣһܿŮԼԭҹļƣոյ֮ĻҲ˳һ˵ѣȴû롣
û̸ʲôˣǸ˵Ҳǿ֮ǰҪԸŷҹ˸һϵҲûһ
ǲˡŷҹƽ
ƽȴôŵȥ
ǸģСҲûбһСӶѣ𿴵ʱŷҹӢ۾ǻһ¸ոճ˵óǸɱĻһ֮̾ͿʼٴǸ硣
ǸȻҲݺݵص˹һۡ
ΪģΪǰ˵⻰ʱƽ˲ƽı顣Ĳмǿʵܿеģһ˾װҲװɫ
ѩеĳǰǣϵ˶һǸ磬е֪֪ܲһմҲǲʶ
⻰ǽύǷӶˡ
ŷҹȻûĴ㣬óǸЩֻܿʾȥûŪ׶Էʲô֮ǰ׵һŵˡ
Ȼһֻװģ˵³ͻܱҺܱҡ
ϴˣĽѵڣһ󣡡ŷҹʱȴڳŹ˵ġ
Ȼֽţҳʲô뵽ǣԷʲôûҩ
Ѿ֪ˣ˵Ҫˣŷҹ˵ʱ򣬻Ӵ
Ǹ磬Сӽŷҹûκα𿴵ŷҹȻʱҲýš
ϴýеĹͷһ鷳ǱԷúܲңǿ׼ŷҹ˵úأŻ뵽Ҫ֣ҵĻѩеϴǸ硣
ŷǸ۾˰죬쾩ûŷģٴԼԺǲļ嶼һ飬ƺҲûһŷġ
û˾СŷҹҲЩԼ֪Ҳ˵УСһܻøһ
˵ȥɣŷҹħһһŻֽɰٿŹ׹ȥ


ûüУѾûڴŵĻ̶̼ӣϾͶһѺڻҡ

νеǳСţ˶Ǽ˹һһȴǲԼͬŷҹ߼ȥֻطŸȫһ
ʶŷҹֶΣû뵽ȻôֱѾǹ䣬ħûмùֶΣû˵
ȵСţųҲƴŷҹ߶ţ۾ȴǴǶѺڻŷҹ
ֲ˵ǸڻҪõħ̫ˣ
һȻ̫ǴҲǼ٣ֹ쵽ŵĳ棬ûпǲò˵ˣˣȶеĸо
ƴ֣ʱҲĿɿڴʶźͷǱõһʱǹͳ˭ҲûУû뵽ǲ룬ǹʱ򣬶Է᲻Ҳӹһķ


96 ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ˡǸڷӦ֪һǱӲˣⲻһߵ˸ְϣߵ˻¯ﰡ۲ʶ̩ɽ򡭡ŷҡȡˡ
Ǹ˵߿ŷҹɫ֪ԷֲмıǮʲôЦ˵ûбҪ𣿾ʵıˣֱĸıҪʵڵöࡣ
˵ô𣿡ŷҹƺһʱ򣬳ƣؿ΢΢
æǰ˶Էһ£ŷҹֻ΢΢ͷʾԼû¡
Ȿһûᣬûȥᣬ˶֮ǰǾ˵һĻһͨ׵ĻͣǾѾղŵһĻ˵ûȥʲôˡ
˼ǡǸҲ֪ûôùأֻûף֪Ҫô
ԵĻѩеĵ̶ġϾЩûûˣɾʲôûˡ
ûиоԼôǵ̶˼һƴʱӵɡһأ֪ˡ
һȻͿԹˣŷҹȻƽƽﶼɱ⡣
СŲ֪ŷҹҪʲôǲǸ粻֪νĶ϶ǮǷӣǳӣϵĶ仰ԷҪжһ
֣ţǰҲ˵˵ǻʱ򣬸ûпǹԷ뷨ֵԼʱãȻˣʲô᲻á
ŷǸ΢Լţ⻹Ǹ߳ѩеĳǸ
֪Լ첻ò΢һٱ΢һҪĻϲ֪ĸ־ͻˡ
Ще棬µķеĵ̣ԸȫǸһſųȫĿڱκʱŶԷܰǮֻҪŷһұ֤պΨŷհ
ЩǮܵŮ𣿡ŷҹʡ
Ǹһ亹𰸣֪ǿ϶ܣһ˴ԼŮ˵⣬ǮԼ϶ǮҪҲҪ
ְɣŷҹǸһ˵
̧֣£˵˭ˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ǸҲͬˣȻпֱ۾͵
ĵʹȴ˲ϣȫ־ռˡԼһʲôˣŷҹŷҹĸɣ
ʼʱ˵öԣĵȷȷһԼǲˡ
ллŷԼѪעʹ಻ûҪŷҹʾллԷһ
ģ綼ҪģǱӦ
ǸﾹȻûжٵĺ⣬ҲΪԶԷľѾռҺޣһ˿ĺҪ¶˳Ҳˡ
оǣ˵ֶΣһӣҲ˳иƨã
Ǹˣƴ֣һ·ҲƵˣҪкҩĻҲͬǸ˵⣬ֻϧЩֻ롣
ڿǵģһҪô죿ܽѩк绽ꡢ߳ƣ²ˣһֻ֣ˣ¶ڵһʱ˹ʱҧһڡ
ŷҹųǸˣһӦһͲǺǵˣȥ֮ҪһҪԸСô죿
İɣûɱˣע˲ʲô³ŷҹοؿһŮӴ֮ԶѩУܵ˭ʶĵطȥñȹң
˵˹ŷҹɨۿһµźڻңߵǸĶϱǰп
⿨Ǯ͸ɣģŷҹѿݹȥ
æ֣ȱǮŶϱĿûš
СҲæҡ֣Ǯ࣬ǾǮԼҪӦǸŷҹģҪԼɾͲˡ
ҾˣǮҪײҪŷҹһЦ鵹еزūӡ
ŷҹĿϵĶϱۺͺڻң֪ҪʰͻȻˣɣ
İɣѾͨˣʱļظˣ﷢˭Ҳ֪ǸǸ磬͸ȥˣᱨģϵ鷳㶼㲻ŷҹͳһŷݸŷ׳ȥȻһԡ
׳ͬʱŷҹĽһ
䡭
ֱȼֻӾճһŻң˭Ҳ벻źڻң֮ǰһֻոձնµĸ첲
ѽСžȵֽһ
øǣԭַҲԱôҪҪķͺˣ
⼸ŷ͸㣬Ժʲô㲻ΣûߣЩԸЩˣǱĶãǲⶫҸġŷҹЦ
šŷҹЦҲʱ˺֮ܶ࣬ѺۣѾˡ
ŷ磬ҡҲҪšһſ𣿡Сſųõ˷䣬̾ЩĽŷҹ
ҷָ㡣̾ͰķŸСš
ˣﻹУûһŷ͸Сŷŷҹ˼ŵݸСš
ллŷ磡СһŷҹŻ̸˵ذѷ
ҧ촽֪ôģرϣŷҹͳķ䶼ǸԼһ˵ģֲͷ̾ͱϳ
ŷҹܸоİȫжһЩҾȻռе뷨ʱ̫ˣԼ͡
ǿСżСͨӣס־ֵֹģСѾͷǶŷҹʲôøаɣ
ȿȡŷҹһο˼岢ûȫá
ŷ硭㡭ôɽ˵İСæǰŷҹһѣȥ
ѩɽҪҵĶɱڡŷҹܼ򵥵ذԭ˵˳

ŷҹȴȻû뵽ִжˡ
ŷôı£˸ĶˣСŵŷҹˣ˭ܵ˻أ
ǺǡԼΪŷҹҲֻЦЦûйؽ͡
ҪˣһŵȻΣǲ֪ʲôʱͻᱻֻһ⡣ʱҪһΪУǵǿ󣬵ǺôҲŲٵϵĸ֣ټǾ۷壬벽ģǻǸ鷳
ϴžڡӰѽİظ֣Ҳ䵽ڵĵزˡ
ʱҪΪҪѹƺ⽣ҲϹŵı֮ǿ󣬱˿Ϊźķ̫һǱ³


97 ˵Ѿͷ
صģֻҪһѽ֣ȫаɱöԷȫûл֮ǾأҲκβʲô
Ϊ̫ˣԸղǸǸһ֮Իᵱ棬ԼʩչտǿնֱۣҪһʾԼǿ̫̫࣬һϵŻ᲻Լߵˡ
ԼֱֻǿһߣǶԷֻǧټƳһЩıƣûа취ʱ򣬾ͻᳯԼߵ֡ǿһ㣬ǿ֮ܶĲ
ֻбȶԷǿܶ࣬Щ˹˼Լľʵ
СŻһЩٵôˣŷҹûлشԼĻСҲܹɵûʣŷһôãЩˣȫˣҲԼã˭ֲء
ŷ磬Ҫ𣿡
ŷ磬Ҫˮˮ̣ոպܺȵġ
ŷ磬ҪҪԷʲôҸ
С飬һһŷؽţóЩĽˣŷҹʶƺûСôܸϤһĸо
ǿ϶ãСųﻹ񣬳֪СѾͷ϶Ƕʲô˼ֻŮ黳Ҳȥ˵ơ
һҪæһ¡ŷҹҲûа취òײ뵽һ취СѾͷһ£ñдһӵݸпյĻȥҩ꿴һ£Щҩץץ٣Ҫ졣
ˣҲʲô˽ǵˣֻ̫Ҫָܻ۷״̬
һЩССˣûзϣѩҩεˣȱҩ
ţϾȥСһ̾ŵӣ˸кˡ
Ѿͷã˵⻰ʱ򣬶Щ˼ˣʶôʱ䣬ûôĵġ
ǺǣҲԵְɡŷҹ˵
ҲСŮͦͶԵģȻһʱҲСеˡ
ۡȿȡ
һµ٩ƺ֮䣬Ҳû֮ǰôˡ
Ѿ˳ңЦŷҹɫ
ո˵ӣӦҲʵ
ţˡû˳ҵƣԼ˺ܶ࣬ҲǰԼǳ˵ԭԼõһУκεĹϵΪܵκεŴϴε飬ǺܱǸҡֻǵʱû̫࣬ĴԡԺܶԲ𡭡
ˣȥ˰ɣһΣ͵壬˭ҲǷ˭ģŷҹ
΢΢һ죬رϲŷҹ˵ƺ֮Ҳûʲôϸֻصİһ
ǿɲһŬһԼøŵĴǣϴβҵæĻҿ϶ǱˣξҲ㣬ӦҲûʲôΣգǷġ
ﰵԼȻϸȥǷ˵飬ԼЩˣû취ôģҪΪ֮ôһ㿴Ƹ׽Ĺϵ
ҲԣŷҹҲѩɽ˯һΪ˵ѩɽķ纮ҲκβϢǶ֮ȻԼɽտ˵ȷûô󣬱Ͼɲͨˡ
ǺǣծںˣǮĵˣôѵŷҹٴЦ
һ죬ȻûгϣҲôһͷ
ûУǡǡʱˣԡŷҹı̯֣㲻Ҫ̫ʧȻ˲ңףҸǺǣ
񣡡ػؾ
˾һûһţ죬Ȼо֮ĸѾûˣǳȴһЩ·ꡣ
ȻѾŮѣ
ԼûŪΪʲôһֱ⡣
һЩĿƵģѻ⳯ŷҹûмŮ֪һЩľ
̾˵Ե֣ͬʱƺҲڸ̾ǸŮȻ¸ң˹ϵץסԼҸţʱ£վڶԷϣҲȥŷҹҲڱȺΧסʱԼŷҹһߡ
Щûд𰸣ǳȴһһԼԼңҲҪӲԼȥһ
һȱóĬŰŷҹţ᲻Ǹѩ
ֱСʢҩıͰϻʱŴԼNѹ
ŷҹڱϢ࣬ʱûκͼǵ鷳ҲǷŷҹ˵ǶԵġ
ΪͻȻ֮ʧ٣˾ͣʱһڼϵѾһҲѰһܴԱ
һʱ֮䣬ҪĶôף鵱ȻϣٻҲͣС˵Ҳ
ʱŷҹ˵Ϣ֮⣬һһСŮҲ𽥵Ϥ
ŷҹҲ֣֮ǰڳжϵȷǴˣŮȻںżȴû̫Ľ෴ȴӵźܶŮɶõƽ⣬ǰ竵Ҫǿöࡣ
ɴϴԻҪԼһȷʵûִԱ˲ʲôвͷѾ˲ô࣬ˮʱֻҪһݶץסʱȴѾҲһקӵһ
ŷҹ֮⿪֮ǰĽᣬҲʱֻ࣬ǸӣʱʱôŵĿ⿴ŷҹѾѹӼΣЧȴãҲֻȥֻƣȴΥ
ŷ磬ȥǱ߶һ°ɣò׳һˣɲܱˣ
Сڸŷҹʶ˵ҲԽԽ˵קŷҹһ̳ȥ


98 Ҫ
ŷҹѾãС֪ܿͻ뿪ѩУһֱҪԼһ졣ҲҪʱ£뿪ˣֻʣһͨ䡣
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ǿԣ˵ʲôҲҪŷŷҹε˵
СѾͷƺֻΪܹḶ́һ磬Ȼһŷҹһֱд˶ò˼ˡ
ǺðɣҪģСźܿŵؾһ֣ٵøߣͻԽһ
ǺǡŷҹҲЦ
Ǯڿǲȱ¹Ŀﻹżʮ֮ǰܼҵڷɻҲһſݺ˵Ҳֻдʮ
ȻˣſСĿĻǼǰλǸóһſŷҹѾѯǧĴ
ЩǮ·ŷҹҲһûСڴǰʱҲǽٸƶˡ
ôЩʱ¸Сһ·
ŷҹǣСת˰죬ϵֻһɫȹ
ҾϲСЩҡŷҹĸ첲
ŷҹҡͷֻ˰һ
֮ԸСһҲȹӣͬҲɫֻԵøƯ
ǧļǩС΢΢ͷΪŷҹѡ͸ԼĵһҲЩ᲻÷ŻȥǱ˻
ŶԣŷҹְСŵͷץ˼ѣʱúһСŮŪúëڵӡ
ŷ磬÷Ǳϰ࣬ȥ
ЦһͨСͻȻ
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СɰѩĵӰĳһСæҲ֪Сŵ飬ŰСŴԼߣԼյĵ·
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Ǻǣ𣿵ŷԺ˹˾СȥҵæŷҹЦ
С̵ĹʿҪܸߵŶСҲ֪ǸЦ
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ǰǰŷһ׶ʮװ÷һ߶лؿŷҹһۣһȴСĵع۲ŷҹСŵĹϵ
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ŷҹ䣬÷лҪС˵ͽҪ㿴뿪ˡ
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÷ҲǹˣĶѾͷ˼Сţ㻹СأǧҪʲôɵ°Ǯ˵˼Ƕò£˭Ҳ֪Ǵʲô⡭
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С̡СæһС죬ͷİɣ㶼˵ŷǺˣŷ绹ȹңȹԲǻ˵ġ
÷ϰʱʲô˲Ÿո˵˼䣬һԱ
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÷æСסٰǰڵŮħͷǵøˣ곤ģ´βˡ
ô˵ҲԼ죬ʲôҪװĹ˿ˣŮЦһ£ȴſץĶ̴
ǣԺһصĹ涨ϰʱԲ빤޹صĶ÷æ֤ʹɫСſ뿪
ϾͺãǾͿ۳µĽ𡣡Ů곤ʱؿСһۣϰʱˣЩСʱ㳤Ҫ㶼곤ҲͲõˡ
װˣǲҪС̵ǸСʵǿۡ
㲻˵ҲҾ㿴ʮǮĶҲɣ
ҵȻǸҪһ£һװ۶飬Ҫһ۵װҲǸ곤øôŮ곤ȻóСҲʲôǮȻҪ˫ʮĵɽЬǾ͵û˵ˣҵǸλãɲ
һְҵ곤˵ֻ϶൱ְҵĸϰ˵곤˵ֻҲҪ̾ˣŮ˾ô˵ˣȻ޿֡
㡭СűҪˣȻ뵽Сֹ£ÿ첻֪Ҫܶί
Сȥ칫һ¡Ա߶ٴһԴȥ곤ӵŮˣɡ
㡭÷Ҳæ˵ͷ


99 ̫
ʵѵĵ곤ѡʱȻֻǸ곤ǻϵ곤Ӧְ𣬶ɡȻڱϣǸСŮ㹻صġ
ȻľҲôŵģȻĳ˵壬ǻûеȫɥʧǵĳ̶ȣڸСһЩٵְλ֮󣬻Ҫġ
Уҽ뿴Υ涨飬ôҵǸġ
Ȼڶƫƫ˶ĻҲһ취ûУֱ׳ضľ˵СԼȴһ취ҲûУҲһ취ûһ
˵ʱ۾Ҳʵ˼ԣ͵˰ɣ
ȻҲЩΣԴƯС֮е鶼СͿȥ칫Ұɣһõȼˡ
Ǻǣڳ׳𣿡СЦЦϷʵıôԣϰʱ빤޹ص飬۳½𣬵ǸղŻһͼڸԼĴΪҲͬҪɿ۳һ롣
̫ˣСżöҪˡ
ǼֻԼСΪСԴһЩûʲôسҷݹ൱סǰС̸ո˵ԼһʴӣµĹʿܻһЩʲô곤ˣ
СϵĹ涨ҴĻҲġ㵽Ҳ곤ָӣȻҲʧȥ˰λϵˡ
һܾ˵Ƕùˣڹ涨¸þһ𣿡С÷°ۡ
Ҳüˣʲô¸¼һⲻǰҪ۸𣿵ô߰Ĺ涨ǻסˣ
⻰㲻˵˵Ҳֻڵʱȥ¥Ǹܾòһ£ڵԼѹãͷãµÿܾʱ״̬ˡ
طҪˣȥĻе𣿡ڵʮԱﶼ̾һ
Сţ㿴˶Сٰ̣õװ
㲻֪Ҫôƴ£ĸ˶нֵʱµز˽
㣿Сһ۾ϳҧгݵˡ
ʵ˵÷ûǹôһʹɫһ㣬ûʲôڵС͸һĽɫҲǹʲô
Ȼһʧˣһˣԣֲֻ裬ֲ㡣
뿴ʲôװɲұˣרְ㣬ţʱܶ࣬ȥһȥװû⡣
ŷ硭СźݺݰŮ곤һۣŲŷϲŮˣϲ㲻Ưһٱ
Ҳ˵ŷ˵ѾŮˣǵõʱԼССһءȻ㶼ϣῴҪŮˡ
Ǻǣ㿴ҽһģԾͲˣ´ΰɡŷҹתͷСǵͷôС̴кûҪʲô
кǴˣ˵װΥ˹涨ҪС̵ĹʣҪһɡСûŷҹǮʲôװֻǺݺݵǸɶŮ곤һۡ
Ǻǣﻹֹ涨ŷҹһ޺Ц⣬Ŀȴ䵽С곤ϡ
ʲôչ˵⣿ʲô⣬ֻϲֱӣ˼ҷǰСѾͷģ
ǿŷҹ⼸˵ĹϵֻԲҲһʱ֪˵ʲô
֮ǰСѻ˵ˣĶʲôԲء
ǾɣȻ˼涨αװİ˵ɫɹһתÿıѿˣѿı侫ˣֻŷҹﻹû¶һ΢Цʡ
ŷ硭СſûŷҹôǮ
򰡣һ飡ʼ뷨ܼ򵥣ŷҹ˵ѣҪôǮǾò̫Ӧá
ͰϴεװһסС˵ʲôŷҹѾ÷˵ˡ
÷Ҳˣ⻹Ҫ
ϴεװԭһףǵöǮʮ򰡣Сһ仰ŷҹͻʮ
÷С˵ĻŷҹӦǸˣûжСŴʲô⣬Щԥ
ΪһŮ־Ƕʮģһֺ˼ûУеŰ
ϴεװ÷Ƿ飬¶Լģ۸ɲżǮȴҪ˻ʮƽҲ̫ˡ
ϴεװˣɽ˴٣ȫŪˡŷҹʼ磬ҲνҪʲôõװĻǵøһõġ
Ӧòٿ۽˰ɣŷҹ˵Сŵͷ
СЦЦЦеѿΪ˼ǧɣʮȥװʲô¶
ŷ磬ҪЩСžûбҪ˵һ£ΪЩ˶ȻҲ֪ŷҹƺǲںЩǮں
ȻŷҹˣҲһǱϾ磬˼ôǮԼԺҪʲôأ
ʵʱ룬ؼ˼ŮѰ
Ҵŷܿó˼һֱСӿģȻԼԼܾǰͲСˡ
ȻҪϴδɽʱʲôûˣҪңҿǶˡŷҹ˵ĵģѩɽҪȥһˣصܣȻԶһѳӰѣǸطһҪȥװ϶ҪŪһף֪˰ɣ
ŶСȴǷ˵ŷҲȫΪ˶ԼĶȻҪΪ˰Ҳܽˣ漴תͷȥŮ곤Сһղ˵Ļ𣿡


100 
СѾͷֵ˵ǶԷղʵ̫ˣһлᣬ̾ͻ˹ȥ
СӸ޵ˣո׿˵ģֻҪ˼һװ곤λӶó˵ȥĻôҲԲȥˡ
ŷҹǱ߶ָ飬תȥʱȴԷҲСѾͷһ𣬴ϷʵЦݡ
һ˲ˣʵʲôˣǹģͷβǹġ
С칫һ£Ҹ˵顣ʱһ˵ŵ
˵ʱ򣬻ɨŷҹһֻۣһۣͷ˳ССӵ뷨
ΪģһͷСְݽŮôܿϣ
СҲų̂£ҲСŵľŤͷ¥
ССǳһڶղǸӣܵõǿ죡
Сš÷̾һ֪ѾͷԼأҲûȥʲôС̻أԺɲˡ
ŶСžӦһ£ȻܲǶԼС̣Ǻģ˭۸˵ģСﲻ춼Ҫ۸
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ŷװ÷Ѿȥˡ
ǰװ׼ɣһҪȥĵطŷҹߴٵ
Ǻðɡ÷ֻõͷ˼ҪӣܲѹŲɡ
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÷ɵû԰ɣ˲Уûԭʹ˵ĻһӰ첻ãҲָܾӣѾֻһΪСͻȻСָĳ˶ˡ
ȻֻһͨµԱҳСһô˭֪Լûаڳ⣬µѾˡ
ΪʲôУ㲻ǿǸŮ˰ɣߡԸˣѾԼĵãڻֵģ
ⶼʲôʲôôܡø
ôҲѩľŮܲҵûԼĻŰɡ
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ˣﻹͦõġ÷ĲǷŷҹʲô飬ȻٽܶԷʲôݡ
СűҲҪȰС뿪һ뵽ֲ鷳ŷҹҲûٶ˵ʲô
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㡭÷Щȣû뵽ôͱˣǡʲô𣿡
ֻ΢΢ЩǸ⣬Ŀȴ޵سŷҹǱ߶һۡ
ҵۣǺǣûϵȥǾ˵һ£˵ܸҸӡŷҹΪˣϲļƣɲûļơ
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ܾŷҹһֻ
áò̲ػһ䣬ȴҲûֻ֡
һ£ǸԱʲô飬㾹Ȼԭ򣬾ֱӿŷҹҲ⣬ֻǺֱӵָһ÷ķ
СųųСݺݵصһۣ뻹ʲôԭ򣬿϶Ů˸״ֻǸ˵һʲôܾĹϵͲ
ƺǲɣκξҿûи˵һıҪúɨһŷҹе֪֮ʲôݣԼҪһ
Ŷ⵹Ҳǡŷҹ˵Ǻص˵ͷ
С߿Щŷǲܵİ˼˵̼Ļôͬأ
㡭ֱӰѳСˡ
ոպԼ˼ˣΪС˵û÷ÿ
ߡ΢΢һ
ﵹǶǾŷ翴˵ģѵŮ˻濴ǸСӣѵǸϲ͵ĸôһ￴ŷҹ͸˳ˡ
ֲøǰԼ˵ԭеҵ׵ģΪѩǵʱܼЦ
Ǳ߶ܼһ˾𣿡ŷҹƺ˼һ²ʵ
ʵѾ֪𰸣Ϊڵ￴˹⹫˾ĽܣԲûشѾ˵ҲǵˣǾ͸ܴ绰˵һ°ɡ
ʵ̫СˣɵòֱӰ


101 ϸӰͽ
ŷҹ
ŷҹ绰ͱȻ绰һæµȻΪŷҹĵ绰ЩңǺܿ绰ͱ˹ȥ
װٽװװʲôʱ
ܼûдǺܶ˶֪Ѿò£⼸궼ܼҵĴ֡СҲǴĶ֣ȻƭԼͷˡ
úҡҡͷȻĿ˳С㿴ϵˣƺô
ǺǡЦЦǸ˻ǲˣ۾ȴǳŷҹ߶Сʹ˼ۡ
ҵ绰֮ŷҹûٸٶ˵ʲôǶԷ˵ģ¶Ѿûʲôϵˡ
ôܴ绰ˣ˼ô˵øոյעڳСϣûԷ̵ҵĵ绰
ûʲôϵŷҹ̯һ֣ܵ˼ѩд±䶯һ治̫͸¶ʲôݣҪһ
ˣҪΪԼеСͰѱ˶ɵӣʲôݣûеúµĵزòɨ˳СһۣЩģͱ룬Ȼ˵㣬ϵҲܲˡ
˵СŰ֮ǰ˳ҲСʱеңһӦǳ׷ˣһῴСӣֲǶ·߶˼Ļ
Ȼ֪ŷҹֻҲò˵𻰣ȻûҵͷҪˤˡ
ҲҺʱûʲô˿ͣȻ˿ѩ֪ĵɽװ꣬곤;ͬʱڸ˿ս϶˴۾ġ
绰ܵ绰ʱ¥ϻŻһԱ֪ʱжˡ
ʲôܣܣʵ
ǣܣѾҵˣٵ绰ظһ飬ҲˡԱе״ε
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еؿŷҹһۣɺϡȺδ绰ε¶һǷͬСɡ
˵̽еһй̷լҪһ㣬ŷѵǸһĭƽλظ
λлһڵȥʧˣֻʣ̡
еĿһӶеŷҹϣСŶ⡣
õǶ˶֪ʲôˡҲܼҵˣȴֵϵֻϵմŹѣѩľһҫݵĻ
ֻû뵽һˣȻ̾ʹɽԳˡ
ʲôݣӦøˣ
Էղ˵仰˵֮ԱǣźĪ˼ʲôݶûиֻΪһŮˣȻôһݺԼϳ鼸ƣǳ˶ް
˵ǸżȻҲ˵ǱȻģΪԼмǵ¶ӲѳСֲʺϵѡŵ곤λϣΪѺʵ˿
λʵϵĵ곤ҲֻһϣÿҪС˵Щ󶼱ĹƸ´ΰɣ´˵´һ
үûٸһΣ
ŷոֶһµڲòԷͷҴԼðŷˣǸ
ǺǣǼͷӻ湻ݵģʵҲûаһӴ˼ͷпٸ˵һɡŷҹǶӰ˼²Ȥ
ֻҲû뵽Լһ绰ȥȻܼôĶֱӰĳ̶ȣŷҹе˼ˡ
ǡǡʵ̫лŷˣڿ֪ŷķֻҪûаԼ֮ص뷨ԼٲһϣûеĽ
ûָԷھʹ绰ԼѣֻҪ˼ʵ˼ĳʱ䣬ܻܷġ£Լȥʱ䣬ģֻеȣȺʵʱպԼ˳˵˾û˵ѩҵľӪȨֻ̾صϣҲʲô
û뵽ԷȻ˵ôһ
ҪǱ˵Ļ϶һƾͺȥˣŷҹ˵ģҪúˡ
ŷһҪȾҡĶʲôͷһҽҩӡ
ȴһΪֻӸأֲʣֻǧлԺһֽ̡
ܵĵ绰˵еĹӸһ÷ˣ⡭ոմǸԱ˵òˣ̾ǰû˵һ˵˳
ţϾͻհ졣æͷŷҹ÷֮󣬹һֱ渺Թûиҵʧְû뵽ѣʵҵʧ󡭡
ŷҹüҡ֣ǵľսΪԼ˵ʲôǵŷҹˡ
ǴүһˣǿҪѪɺӵİ
÷ҵѵݲ٣ֱȥܼҵˣֱӽӸʵѡǵµҲϣΪҸıֱ̫ȥ͸˵˵ġ


102 ȷʵǶ
ŷҹ֮ǰ˵д±䶯ҲֻǾЦѣ˭뵽䶯Ȼ÷ֱӽӹ꣬ⷴӦʵ̫ˡ
˵÷᲻ᱻŵҲϣܼҷҪԼŻôȥǾûܼԼҵҡ
ˣһŷġҲǴˣ̾Ϳʼȥ

СҲǷӦ˹õˣŷҹһøܵˡ
ȥŷҹǱ߶ȥ𣿾һε¶֮󣬳СԣҲ֪ŷҹûһȤˡ
ѾˣȴãͳΨһϣˡ
ͣѾľǵĹϵҲΪֹÿɻҪأ±Ůճ֮ԼҪһʱѳֲסʯȹˣ뿪֮ǰʽµһ£ǲǷһһ
ŷЩΪѵؿŷҹ
ò˵еȷеǶŷҹصͷϿ˳С˵Ļ
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ÿɾеβˣ˼ҵı߶İΪŮҶģ˵Ů˵һ˻ð
ŷ磬ôǸŮ˵СЩ
˼ɣ
Ա߶һһضԻЩˡ
ŷҹӣ˵һ·Ǹм㣬ԭΪյֻǳСԼеϿɣڿԼˡ
˼Ҹǲܼ̫飬˵ǲΪĹϵӰֻܼ̫࣬ôһССԭ򣬸ĺøаëǮϵҲûС
֪ŷҹ˼Ҳִ̾ʣµ
Ҳ֪ʲôС뿪һͨ
ԭĵ곤ֱ࣬ӵȥʱְֱǱ߶ܹ˾𣬶÷ûжõµԱڶһûȴƸΪ곤
ЩŷҹҲûȥٸʲô÷ϾСŵС̣ҿҲǸڿµˣ곤ҲʲôܼҪԼ˼ţⶼˡ
ȵĪڵԱˣǶûŪô¶ʱ򣬾ͿԼҵľӸ߸ϣһŷҹԱ߶СĵػŻҲ̫˵ˡ
ڶԼû̫ྪȣȻŷҹݣ϶Ǹ˲÷ʱеӦ
øԼŮ֮ǰĻʧܣҲûºӣʹСΪСžŮһǵߵĻ̥
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ŷҹЩװΪ÷ǸСҲˣҪ˼һһǮ˼ҲںԼò뵽ô˵λŷһ㣬ûлõӡ
װ𣿸ϴһŵıңҪٳһЩŷҹ÷죬ĻͷԸ
æͷ̾ȥˣȴԭ˼ҸûóСЩ˵¶˰ԼЩΪ˼Ƕװ˼ҪأǳСԼԼ̫¶ˡ
ð鰲֮̾ͣƳˣǿðЦ飬ܼҵͷӴ˵һŷҹ̬Ȳ㻵ȥ֮ҲиϾ¶֮ǰǲʶŷҹģûǶԷŭǿԭ
ŷǸлչǼСţСʱ򲻶£ൣһЩ÷ŷҹ˵ſ
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ŷҹҪѩϼ죬װҲΪ˵Ȼѩɽһˣȥ̽̽Ǹɽ
ӰȻֻΧһ򵥷ķĵطʲôĶŷҹҲʮֺ档
ɻûеУѾӵ˽ŷٻĵ绰ߴȥһ¹ѩ˶Ԩһסŷңе˼Ȼ˭ˡ
¼ҼˣҲ½Ԩô˶ڵŷҹ£ҲòȰ̽ѩɽһš
ڻûа취ƼƷıڱֶôУջѽʵǴŷҹ֮⡣
ڱǽʦҲ֪⽣µף⻹УǳӰ⽣ֱڻҪöıܵõʵҲһֻԵ
ڵʵǿź⽣֮£ǸͲȥˡ
Ҫǣڵ֮Ѿõѽ񽣣ϲٵʮ֮Ҳ񽣵ˣŷҹΪˡ
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Ȿǲ⴫ģǶѩŷҹҲΪԼˣѾѽľϴŷٻǶģŷҹɫˣѩȷѣټ൱ĵӣԲ
ŷɽŷٻǼһҲûУ˾ϣҲʱ򣬷⹦һϰˡ
ǺǣǻˣڼҵôãҪٲĻСѩҪȥѩɽˡ
ŷٻԼܵܵЦȴԱߵѩ˵һ졣


103 ̵Ľ
˵ĹϵȻûŷҸŮȴװ׵ģƯøŮһĹһĶԼŷҹˡ
һƯĶϱϱĶвϲĵŷɽҪ֪¹׹Ǳž޴Ĳҵ¶ѾҪȥ̸ˡ
ˡŷҹֱǣС֣ЦЦǲߵĻһҪͣ죬ɲһʴ󱦲صȥء
⻰ЦҲʵɽĶ˵һʴ󱦲һҲţǱκζûУȡñҲͬǱһǧ軹裬Ƕǿı
ǸǸÿģû˰ɣŷٻȴǺܲӵشһ䡣
ŷҹʶ飬òƻûб֪ôԶǧ֮Ľ㶼֪ˡ
תͷɻȥѩ֪Լ龫֣ԶûѩϢ׵öࡣ
ϿϢĵһȥԷƬѩŷҹרȥҵģæһ䣬ΪƬ̫ˣǲǹȥġ
ŷҹʱû뵽͸ȥԹһٷεúܺãҲգȥ
˶ڲ²ŷҹݣ˵ǳѣ˵Ǳڣ˵ʲôµľ֮ģ֮廨ţôûŵĳҲٻһѡ
ŷҹȻҲųһ۵˲֪ݣŷٻѩһȻϳ˳ŷҹǱˣȻǾ˱ʲôġ
˵Ǹʲôϵŷٻʵҿȸ˵ֻСѩҵĵϱҪȥǱŮӣҲϰָ״ŶˣǸˣϰָҿһսߵģ
ٻ㡭ѩ˵е˼ȴҲ֪ŷҹĹϵʲôġ
ŷҹֻǿЦŶ೤ʱûڼң׽㶼վѩǱ߶ȥˡѩˣƽ⣬ŷҹҲ֪ģŮѲܼ˵ϲ
ֻѡŷҹѩҲæͣԭڽ޵ʱҰһΣѩɽˤˣң˶ѣ
ˣϲأѩæеʡ
ˣҪصĻڻܻĻȥԷŷٻȴûôô򷢣ҲԼܵܵľġ
ôصĳ֢ˣһû¶һʲô˵ģŷٻ벻
ˣأȥϰֺ壬һȥԷɡŷٻҲûҪŷҹš
ȥɣѩЦ£صȥˡ
ǸҲ쾩ҵˣ˿֪ܲϢ˵Ѿ˳ңɲøʲô壬쾩ҿɲôõġѩ뿪ŷٻСŷҹ
ովʾŷҹһΪȷϲѩһ쾩ĳҲкܴϵɲԼҵܵΪһŮˣ³Ķͷ
ǺǣҸֻͨѶѣʲô쾩ңҵûзŷҹЦ
Ǵ۷Ϊߣֻһ쾩ңм֣£ֻǲϲ¶ѣ˭ֱӵֶΰѶԷ
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ǰŷҹҲͷϿɣҲϲ
ŷٻܸ˵ܵҲ룬Цúǿġ
˵¹ŷɽҲѩһһ¹æǰŷǰλˡ
ŷҹеΡ
ǰ⡰ŷһҲų⣬кѩĹϵôеĻо˱һ
֣㻹ǽСҹɣȻŷɽѩһۣЦŵԵе̫ˡ
¹Ҳ̾ͷӦͷǺЦԣһ˾ʲôˣŷ֣һֱ˵飬ֻû˼ڣΪŮҸҲֻƴ˵ˡ
ǼѾͷʲôˣһӶĲˣǷŷҹˣŷҪǾûʵĻӶڣǾͰ鶨ȻҪǡ
ĻûгڣŷɽѾϣҶѾ˺üˣѩ涼õû˵ŷҹʲ𣬼Ȼ˳ŷҿ϶ģ
ŷɽŷٻЦǰѩߺ
ŷô˵ʵҼҵѾͷʲŷҹ¹϶޷ģ˵Ҳŷҹָ֣ѩǻ꣬ģҲи֪ĵɷ򣬰
ŷɽŷٻǵһ£һʱ侹Ȼˣû뵽ôɰĹȻձ
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ģ¹ʱҲǡ̫ˣ
ǻ˵ʲôɴͽˡŷɽҲˬʵЦҶȲҪһĶϱˡ
˸ոϳ¹ȴӵ绰ȴ̽
ʲôˣѩɫ䣬æʵ
壬ӻ·ϱ˴ˣжļҽԺȥ¹Ще˵
һȥŷҹüͷһ塣
ˡж̾뵽׹ŵӣѵҲ׹ŽԨ
ߣǿȥոҪ׼ҼˣһԨͱ˵ˣŷɽҲǸ⣬Ȼ¶ԤϲǸΡ
һٶȸϵҽԺһ֮£ҽԺѾ˼ıжĲˣĿǰжļҳ̶ֲͬȵ֡
ŷҹüͷøѯһ£ȻŴһѩĲȥ
ѾΧĸʿҽ˶Ϊ˿ŲϵˣѾסȴһֱûзüСʿûа취Ǵ롣
磬ǣЩɱǣ¹ѾЩκοˣҪȥҧһڵӡ
ÿֲβˣŷҹֹ
עҩҲһҩȲˡŷҹ֣صظԷ˵ӦѾԹĲ˰ɣûõĶûбҪٳˡ


104 רҵ
ô֪ûãֻǡҩЧʱûзá
ҽһʱҲЩոעˣȷûʲôЧǲע䣬ѵЩ
ѾˣҲûעҩĽҲֻҽ
ȵǵҩҲᷢκãÿʱȣĲҲ͵ҽΣŷҹ˵Ŵȥ
ҽʿ˲Ҳֲɣô˵ˣ
Ҳ͵ҽΣΪ˭٢ȵ
룬ɿŷҹǰ׷׾ҪǰסɲһҽԺ
Ǽ˲һ֣ûиоץסԷ;һᣬǰ˲ˣűһײͳķȥ
Ǽ˶űߣոҪбȻԺҲ
Ժ˹ңҪҽæҪͣԷˡ
ŷ
λҽʿĿɿڴ£ԺԶ˸ոǸߵǰһ̵ӡ
⡭Ƕе£ʲôʱԨôһҽ֣
Ҷ֪ˣȥ˰ͬಡˣһ𶼴Ų£棬Һ÷ʩΡŷҹҲ˵ԺеӡģҪȻϴҲҩ
áԶŷҹҲ൱ģһָſڵҽʿŷ˼⼸ͬ໼ߣ͵̡
һҲûʲôˣ˶Żŵȥæ
ŷ磬û°ɣѩʱܴǰȥ
İɣڣŷҹ˵ɣϵıȴһҲɡ
״ʱһɻ˽ʬƣһ֮̽̾ͷЩͬԷһаа𽥵
ʬֵķ𽥼ӿ͵ģҲǸոյʱ¹ܸǴ绰ʱģһѾת񣬿ɻϳ¹ѩ˵ǻһֻ֣Ƕˣǳ˹ԣκ˶˵Σյġ
ǽʬƵĻй֮˻̾ͱûǵĽʬֽʬȴһعƵˣ֣ƺֻƾڵаϱñͳԣͬʱʹҲ˱ĥʹ
ŷҹʲôаͻȻ֮䷺ĳ֣аʬ˵ѶԸ
ǽʬƣȫҩɱƳ棬аֻһϢΪԷˡȻ̫أ̫Ļ˵Ҳһصĸ
ȥжö٣ŷҹͻȻһ
һ˵Ļ̫࣬ǵȷһʱεģǽʱԷڵаٲаٽһģҲҽεʱҲͲôΣˡ
Ͼȥ졣ԶǰŷҹҽԺľǡ
죬ѾͷöˣֻһԨÿҽԺڶżֲˡ
ԽһŷҹֱͻȻһһ
õ֮ŷҹϢ̽룬аƵһ֮ȻѸʩ룬ʮȥ֮һͨ۶ܿõĻɫϢ˳Ӷ
һӴЩɫϢ̾ͻУǵǻɫϢոʱվԱߵˣоŨŨĺ
ŷҹ۽΢΢һ£Ϣٴʶĸо
һָоίʿʱ򣬶аȻϵģҪԣѵʲôʾ
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ŷҹɲһӾȫȻŲɸ˵ĿġɽҲίˣֻϧǣȻʲôҲûʳ
ίȻôϲһɶҲɶڣԼɱʲôⶼʲ
¹¹ϵĻɫϢųҲؿ˵ľ״̬Ѹٵػָƽƺһжڳźõķչ
ÿ£¹һ仰Ȼ˵¡
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ŷҹ߸¹ʩʵѾһ飬θаϢֻ΢΢һ£ĹȫɣһʹԼĸҽθˣҲ͸ˡ
ڽгʱͻȻˣòӵȴû뵽һӰǸûпһһȥᣬϾͷֲͿҩҲãԾ̸绰¹򵥰ѵʱ˵һ飬ŷɣ鷳ˡ
ȿȡŷҹæʾһΣѩһϵ֮󣬱˹һҲһ鷳¶㲻ÿȡ
¹еһ㶣һѩ׽վŷҹ߶ֿʾЦݣҲ˷ʲô¶ǺǣԭҾͲˣһ˲˵һǴб£ôƯŮҸôµŮȿȡ
ѩһͨ˵ɬȴۣĸŮϣԼӢ黳ǹͨġ
ȲҪŵڼŴĶҲһųɣһ̾Ͷһ̵Ļŷҹθ¹ʩ֮󣬲ûͣӿٵ롣
ŰСʱ֮˵϶κɫѪҺŴĶҺҲڱˡ
̫ˣ˱Ŵ֮󣬶˷ܵò֪ô˵źá
ûоֲʹˣԶҲ˽ֵſԼһӽĸо
Զſһֱţŷҹҽεôһ˷ܵĺ̾Ž
ŷôﶼЩţڴõĽʲôϢ
Ѿˣŷҹ£Զ˵
̫ˣ
Զ˵üëҽԺһаˣ֪ŷʲôʱ򷽱ʩΣ


105 Ҫ
Ҳ֪¶żһٺõҽҲʮСʱһ
ŷҹһСʱˣȻٶѾˣ̶ֳȵҽΣĿ϶󲻵ľ޴Ϣһֱȥ֪᲻ͦסһʼѯŷҹʱ⡣
˵ôûʣŶʱŷҹû˵ԼЩ˵
ǴǰҽεģֻһֱûʲôЧҲ޲ߣǣԨҴҽԺѾŶǰĻߡԶæԼ֪Ϣݸŷҹ
ʵ֪ĶҲޣ֮⣬ЩʲôһͷҲûС
ţ֪ˣȴҪƵĲ˿ʼҾȫκߡŷҹͷ˵
ϲ࣬Ƕŷҹ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ֪ҽԺֶܲȻӦİ취ˡ
һʱ䣬ܷػһҲֻҡ
õģҶѾźˣԱߺͲ׼šԶ˷æ
Щ˱ҲһƵģԸҲôȥŲλãֻǵһ´λͿˡ
ţһɣѧһ뷨˵Ҳᡭеôŷҹ˵ǳԺҲԨҽѧһˣǲҪ˵ôţɡ
ǣԵĻĻҽĦһ£ѧĻ´ͬĲҲԶһЩܰѹԶҲ֪ܲһֱȥ鷳ŷҹ˼ŷҹɲҽԺҽ
ţǾȥ׼ɣϾͿʼŷҹͷ
Զ˵ЩĿǰ˵ķҪϢܰаûϢϻǲеġ
ŷҹҲû˵һֻҪķٸıһ£ԿΪЩˣʱõһЩ⣬סҲܸԼʱơ
ȻԨĲ࣬ŷҹԤУһε²Ÿոտʼ˵׼ʲôʱһӱʱ򣬸ͲһӦ˵ġ
¹˵ܿ϶аȻǽʬƣǸʬһƵԣǾǿ޴Ľʬһ˱Ѿҧķʽ˵ò˶ãҲʧȥԼʶɳﷸ
ɢǼʽģڣŷҹҲ֪᲻©ĲˡһУؼǻж١
µǣһеˣʲôطյĿʲôһжδ֪˽ŷҹʱܱģҽԺɲµĲˡ
󹦷ԶѾҽԺҽͼСʿ
ŷҹѩǽһ£ȴƬ̣ԼȥһЩ˵Ĳ顣
ȥɣҪŷɽҲæߴٵ
İɣǻչ˺ԼġѩҲæ
ţˡŷҹ˵ţɫذѼֱѩͽŷٻ
Է΢΢һ㶣漴׷ʲô顣
ʲô¶ɣѩЩĵС˵
ӦòᣬֻԷһİɣûаյġŷٻҲЩģȴܼᶨ˵
šѩȴӼһ㡣
ɽʱѾʶŷҹֶˣıˣŪڹ֮䣬־Ӧòѵġ
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ܿ˾Щʧˣ˳ԼŮ֮⣬֪Ϣʵ̫̫ˣһ֪Ҫô߲ɹҪôǵʵ̫ƻûЩʵʩߵõʲôĵϣִֻһЩֱ
ΰаͨ˵ϣ޸ƵģŷҹʱҲüʵ
Ҳֻ֪Ҫҵı˵ԷͻȾϣܴŮȻԺػش


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Դ
ԨеаմȾߣǲǶһģŷҹһٴʵ
ǡ
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ֻҲʶҪԣȻڻǱʱ򣬵ⰸϵ֮󣬿϶ǲСġ
ŷҹŶŮߵĹƣһ߶ҽԺҲҳһš
ԶѾ绰ţԼļⲡˣѾȫڽһ۲죬ûĻӦǵڶȫԺˡ
һʯǧˣϱζʱ񲡵Ļһ˶ʮΪȾûκЧʩĿƶͷö쵼һϢ̾Ǵһǿһ
ߣһҽԺɹ˳Ӣгͷһ˺ƺƵҽԺ
ѾõϢԶԺӭ˳æг;ֳ˵̸
ǲѾҵƵķѾƳЧķ𣿡гҲ֪λҽҽѧоһʱ뵽ľһ֢ķǡʱ˳
βʩΣҲҽԺҽһŷҹˣһֹֿ֢ķǵҽҲѧϰУֻǵĽȲ̫죬Ŀǰֻѧᣬҳɹֻ߳ϡԶæʵش
ֻ𣿲˵Ѿ˳ӢЩ⣬ȻֻѾǴĺϢǸոһۣЩʧ
ȷˣַǵҽûа취ѧϰҲѧûᣬֻŷһƹ̣ҲеĵԶֻʵش֪ҵżΪ֪Żڵһʱͨ
λŷҽĶ־ֳ̾ѯʵ
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⼸죬ѾֻһΪûκЧȥˡ
Զڽӵ绰֮󣬻̾ͽ˵ʲô֪ˣϾ͵
ŷھ֣ץˣ˵⻰ԶԼţǱ߶ȷô˵ģм١
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ҲǼģϾҲ֪ǿ϶˭Ըġ
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һ˷ļǵָϣֻŷҹҪܵʲôĶԴӰȥƽ顣
ѶŮüĵѾȡȫ̱ϣɲ˶ʲộŷҹǿĺ֢ȫҪǧĥĿħ룬Ѿǹˡ
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ŷҹŷڲ
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·֪ŷҹ飬Եһʱֻȥѯʡ
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̧ۿһеԶԺҲ˷ʲô飬ԼǰЩʲôˡ
ô϶Ҳ֤жǶԵģĿǰΪֹֻһ֢
ŷûʲôίɣ˳Ӣ̾ǰסŷҹʵ
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̫ˣŷΪԨһ󹦰˳Ӣ֣ص˵黹ҪŷҽڸոǵõϢٴʮһš
ҾΪɡ˶˵ŷҹûдܳȻһžӡ
ŷҹҸû꣬㲻Ҫܣ
Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻͷѶһӰܻߴţǳŷҹġ
ô°˳Ӣü濴ȥֻһŮ˹
һôʱĪҲһ£ոҪŷҹһٵĺҲˡ

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λŷҹ˵شԵӣôǰô˵еԷӣϾǸСֻǿЦѣʱץίŮʱ൱ҪץסԭףҲҪѸۡ
ȻΪ˳Ӣһæͷ޵ڶŷҹˣһ˿϶Ǵ͵ģתͷ·Сͬ־һҪúñãˣҿôᣡ
̾һƬ˳Ӣûʱൢ飬һ֣ʹŷҹ뿪ˡҪ飬ô鷢չȥ˭ûа취
ŷҪˣѾʹԺĿǰΪֹֻһ֢֪ܳһҪô㣬һƹ
˳ӢʱǰԼһߡ


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ȷǸ취Ѳ˶ҲҽԱйŷҽط˳Ӣ˼һ£Ҳ̫ʵĵط
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ǡ
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ҽԺҽȽ϶࣬һҲ۽˴ʮǿƲķ
ŷҹȷæؼҸѩѩǽһʱ䶼ûˡ
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֮£ŷҹֻôӦЩˡʩٶȵȷܿ죬˵ľ޵ģŷҹҲɣһֱоƣʱû߳ҽԺĴţϢʱٵÿ
ֵıѾֲ׵װɲˣǼסҽԺʱҲû˻ȥעʲôǸĪҲȷǱŵŷҹߣ㣬ŷҹЦ
ĪǺְܾأֻҪŷҹڲͻʱڶԷߣȻ˭ҲûйԽٲȻѾһԴĸо
ѩҲҽԺΣŷҹûжʲôѩҲҪһĳʲô˵ܰʲôæ
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ǸĪȻҲû䣬ֱѩ˵ҪһټǶԷְڣŷҹĹϵҲֻƽƽ¶ܡѩһҪúõرЩδ֪Ķ˺
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112 ޴Ŀ
Ǹ֮Уһŵ˿˳ӰҲʶΪֻΪһؽܵõӰܴԭ򣬾Ϊճ˽Ӱǽҵõˡ
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˵ڳӣŷҹ۳̶ҲһһؼӾ磬Щڰĺ֣ƺûŷҹֵ˼һֱûС
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ŷҹ֣ĳЩ֪ĴǶҪܶСʱҲȻ򡱣ԼǰЩǣЩž߲ʱͲܸаëǮĹϵǴǰǶСҽȴܾʥʿӣ̤߲ǵʥ𱦣
һʱԨһ糱СǶǣһСҽԺļҽרҵѧƾն˺ü
ŷҹ⼸첢ûǲζһ֪ÿ챧ŻҽԺֻΪܿһŷҽСܴҽԺſһӡ
ֻϧʱڣЩ񲡻˭Ҳ׽뵽ҽԺ档
Ϊ˭֪ûŷҹĻֻ죬֮͵Ǹʱˡ˻һֱᴦУ֪᲻Լѣֻʲô·˼Ҹ˵ʱֱһԵֲĳ
ŷҹڣһƺȻ˻ڼӣⲢŷҹΰǿģֻŷҹ߲ݵŲˣ־񣬶㹻ΪĿеӢˡ
ŷҹô⣬൱͵һˣǲϣԼߵﶼܵҵĹעⲢԸΪתƵģƵĲԽԽ࣬Ҳһһ󣬱ȽܿģҽԺſŶӵĹԽԽࡣ
Ҳ֪ȥֻϣżȻŷҹſھʱǿһ۾Ϳˡǿˣ̾һƬƣߡҰ㡱Ļ
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ĺһ𣬱ûϣܵõʲôӦһŷҹȻͷˣͷˣȺ΢΢ͷϻһ˿ƣ΢Ц
ۡ
Ц̫ˣʱһ̾
ǻûеǴӻлعǵżǵİӣôصȥ

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һػһԶȻվûܺλãֻҪһޱȰƽĳ
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һܷŷҹıʮģЩɵˣĶ֣ǿʵھȻƽһεȥ˵Ѿ˼ҪϢʱˡ
£Ȼûչѩǳܡ
ѩ뿪ˣ֪ԼﲻæҲŷҹ֪֮ٷġҪԼȥ취취ȥŷҹæܷŷҹһȥеһеġ
ܣĪڴ˯ȥŷҹֻһ䲻䲻ȵۡ
Ǹŷҹ֮Ӳ߳ģֻǵʱעҲ׽ǸŷҹЦŮϡ
ʱĪݺݵرһ£ƯŮ߲·ɸոôһ£ŷҹ͵ˣֻÿٵذŷҹȥϢҡ
ֻĪŷҹǿȵƴֵܼڲŵȥѾһ漣ˡ
ʱֿǸŷҹЦŮѾһеسҪ˵ŷҹһоۡ
ѵʶŮѣ


113 򷭴̳
ѷһжʰãԼǰ˰ſڡְŷҹİȫЩмȴ֪ŷҹ˵ĻԨ˵һѣʱְСԲ˿⡣
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ȫеĲߣʮҽƣͨͨ͵ŷҹһŷҹ£ֻҪһ˿յͰŴһģɼҽֻ߳һ
еСʿ˼ֱѾһʵĹ⻷˵ҲһΪ޲ҲȥԼϼӡ
ܽȥһŷ𣿡
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ǶˣʱȽɣҿչŷȽϺʡ
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ŷϢõĻͲҪȥĪ֪ԸŮԼЧҪö࣬Ȼûʲô𣬵ȴôӲϣܰǶȰˡ
ƾʲôͿһֱŷ߶ΪʲôǾͲܣ̾ͷˣ㲻ǼǾһֱˣŷ֮ټ
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ĪˣŮǻеˣѵһֱ
ŷҹǲŸո˯СʱǶ֪ԷѾüû˯ˣҪһ˯ȥֻ˯춼пܵģҪȵĻ治֪Ҫȵ¡
еŮڿȷʵûлأһ֮󣬾ԼĬĬ뿪ˡȻǲŷҹôۣǳҲûôйʱϢһ£ҲϢء
ĪǣŮȻӲ


114 ˸С۵
ǻȥ
Ī˿
ĪⶼȥԵģô˵һˣץһŮǽƣǲԣ
ǲԣǲԣ
ȥҲû¶ˡһȽϾǿСʿ̾ʹ
ǲȥչ˲ˣĪЩˡ
ڶˣ˵׼ٹһ죬˶ҪɢءСʿش
⻰ҲΪʲôһ˵ҽԺģʱһߣ֪ʲôʱٿŷҹأԲŻһҪ֮ǰŷҹһ棬ôҲԼԸһ¡
治֪ʲôãĪЩԹ
СʿķӦҲ죬̾ҳĪ©ѵռߣᶼǣûôء
Īüͷ壬ΪԸִ񰡡
⻰ֲܸŮ˵ֻƲƲ죺Ϲ£ҶûֺøУʵҸ˵
ſھҪ˵ŷҹĻתһ룬ŷҹҲԨӢ˸еС۵㣬Լ˵ҲЩ̫ʣ˵ŮҲδؾˡ
ˣ˵ˣҾͶˣԶһȻԿĿ㣡Īĵѵ
˵ŮֻǵһȻûаĪĻһ¶Ů໥һۣﶼЩЦ⡣
˼ĪȻܶöЦһ˵ŷҹǻˣһ߶ʵԼҪռ
ĪĿЩķҪٿڽͣ˼ʲôҲû˵ԼҪǾôڵĻǲ
Ҳǣֻվš
ŮĪ˵Ϊ£ЦЦǸոտڵŮ˵ˣʵ֪˼ҲⰡҪҸŷҽĻҲýģñŮӽ㿴ϾҪȥһֲۣʲôҪһ۾ϲң㻹һֱۣŮ𣿡
Ī˵øʳԴ׵ô˦ˡ
˵㳤ӦáӦҲͦÿİɣŮЩȷϵ˵
ĪʱŭˣʲôӦãﱾͺܺÿòã
ò˵ǱҲǺԼģ
ȿȡһԵ
ĪԣҲſڵŮĸ˶Ťͷȥֻŷҹ̧ͷ濴
ôˣûʲô
⻰ȻĪΪʱǶƬˣȫһ״̬
ŷҹãȻһ£ƺǸո˯ѻûи״Īһۣҵˮɣлл
Īﰵ䣬ʲôˮǿ˼СûԼ֧һǺ㣡
ŷҽҽӨҵĵַ͵绰Сѿһ¶ֻ˵䣬̾ˣȻҲΪԼôżذԼƣе˼ͳȥĿƬȴûǸܡҪһ绰𣿡
ֻ۾ڴؿŷҹۿ˼ûлӦ˼ӨѾЩʧˣͻȻСһȻǱŷҹץס
ŷҹȻûȥĿƬֱס֡
ӨһУɫҲһӱø죬Ҹ̫ͻȻ֪Ҫôȥˡ
⻹ûнĻŵʱ򣬾͸оϴһɴӶǰȥһȻ͵ŷҹĻ
԰˿أ
Өһ뵽ֻ̾һȻ־ٶ̫ˣּ¶֮£˵׼ľ˳ˣڿɲУܲܵ˵棬˵ɣ
ֻ˲ǧٸͷֻЩͷ֮ŷҹûѹʱһգŷҹѾվ
СʿѸٶһۣ˲֪˳Ҳͬʱٵȥ
ǾĶѣĵصȴŷҹɾһ̣û뵽Էȴһֱڵǵĳ֣ȻǱ˵ҪɱҪڴݵ߶һǸ׵¶
֮ǰǸʧݵʱǻֻΪһ⣬ڿǵһ⣬ʧ
Ȼ֪ˣȻƴһе˳ȥ˵

һĽײڷŷҹﲻ֪ʲôʱһѽľ޽öǷȫһһķɡ
һ̧ҲǼõģжǶŷҹָ˵ԷҪⶾҲѣֻһͻҪٵһЩʱ䣬Ҫ߾͸һЩ
أ˼ֻǰγһѽ
һ˰öڣѽǴĶģǶûп
ҲûȥƽЩˣֻҪȳ˵
˵鷳ʵҲһ˲顣һ֮Ҳ̾ſ
ɾʱ򣬱ոȥˮĿĪǡǡʱſڡ


115 һ̺

ŷҹæѡ
ŷҹĪ֧ˣԼģϾĪֲȴвߣЩ߻Щ鷳϶ŵа˵˵ĻһȽѻָ
ֻϧ㲻Ī˼ȻôͻֻΪƻġ¡
ˮббһɨ͸һâһͨˣ϶һӦȥ㿪
˾ͨˣǿĪһȻȣҲֻһţˮбȴͬһӱۣڼ£˿ûмٶȣҪ塣
ĪķӦҲǲһ죬ȡǹ
ֻǶԷ˸죬ʱ򣬶ԷѾҪ嵽ǰÿжѾһڵذס
ǹһÿĪסǹʱ͸оԼǸ֪ʱսʿĪȴһȫжûС䱻ŷҹ˵úŷҹģǲ˵ʱԶҲ֪ѹȸôĴڡ
һ̺
ʵˣĶԼ۾֪Էһķ򣬿ɾǷӦ
գһ磬ֱ˵ĺë
顭
ٻʿ˷׷ױ߷ɳȥˤڵϡ
ŷҹѸٶ£Īϰһȥ
Ȼ˵úһĪȴû˿սԼܲģǰȥҸո˼ҸովԼһôҲø˸ӡ
߲ˣǹԹ°ɡŷҹ̧ۿһ¶ԷǲصõǺڲ¶һжǰ׷Ļ˭ָʹģ˵ܷŹǣȻĻɾ˵ˡ
ٻʿǶһۣʱ䳤ˣѾĬ˲ҪʲôԾѾ׶Է˼Լͬŷҹ˹
һϣһ£ٲȻҪܵŷҹ
ֻ˵뷨̫ˣҪѹŷҹҲҪʵУʲôһ·йսܳɹѹֵġ
ذײȺһһ´ŷҹҪʱŷҹľڽȻ޴󣬵ԾǺ࣬ɲ㡣
ɱֱͶԻʮУڸһ۾ͿŷҹڣƴľǶԷûа취ʩչȥһһôöġ
ذϣͬҲжĶ˵аⶫŷҹ˵ȻģǾǸոյһҪֻǣƣֻҪһǣƣôһʱ䣬㹻߾Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ѿʧˣܣ
ֻιʱȴ˾ڸոգһѾ޽˰öĶֳһĲˣ
ֻû뵽ֻǾ뵽ˣҲõѡˡ
ǾڶģεĹܸŷҹһ鷳鷳ȡһܵĻᡣϾ֮󣬾Ͳתˣ˵ĹԶԶѷ
ɽһʧˣ
ŷҹûʲôѶȵĶĪ⶯ŷҹÿöࡣ
񵲣򵥵ذѾڽֱǰƳ⳯£죬ֻô򵥶ѡ

ذȫ˽ϣŮַ顣
ڽԾ޴ͼ᲻ɴݶƵģذܸڽȣ
ŷҹҲѾڽõʮ
õҵĽ󣬾ǲסҪҲ´࣬õŸƴ
˵Ĺ赲ʱ׷׶һͷԼĹˣ
˼ҲӣԼĹ˼˵ʵǹʲôвƲǰѽԼմ˼ҵı߶ǰѽӲ
ɱֱͲ̫͹ǣԼûз֣ڸոյһ˲䣬ǵĹʵ̫̫ˣԵٷӦʱѾʲôˡ
žž
ذ׶ŷҹڵϣĽɲֻǳأҪȷһ谭
ǽѽȴǰѳչֵø쾡¡һãƻʵޱȱĵһߵϣãġ
ĪӨĿɿڴУŷҹѴ󽣽Ůķɵǽǣ

ߵĶȻոտʼѾȺ棬ֻǴҶֻһĻ
һĻѾ㹻ˣڻʿĿͬػһĴڣֳһûмĴ󽣣ֻսһһ˸ķɵǽȥ
硭
˧
Ȼ֪ǼٻʿҶǺˣǱ˲֪Ա˵ķӦӦ̾վŮԵϣȥǴǸŮ˵Ļ쵰
ףĪػش
һͷԼƣԼشʲôԼϼƵġ
˵Ѿ˵ˣҲûʱȥƽϣֻÿ첽ǰͳѾŮ߶
񲡶֣ڽ촦Ҷɢ˰ɣŷҹô˶㶵ؿֻýһ䡣
аûа취˵ֻ˲֣Ǹ⡣




116 ʵ˧
ôһŷҹһη췭ظı仯
ǰһֱŷҹǸº͵ػ񣬸Ǵ˵ʣǾڸղţȴһ档
ֳؽңеһѽ£ܴһ
սػк϶ΪһΪǰˡֻҪڣ飬˵ˡ
ףĽأĪĶܿ죬ҲһתĹ򣬰þѾб°˴ˣʱϸĵȴŷҹؽˡ
ˣŷҹֱܼ˵
աĶĪֵʡ
оʵ̫ˣôһѴ󽣣ŷҹҲûݣܷŵȥѲɻڿ
֪ŷҹʱȴص˸ӡ
šĪʵصͷˡ
ܣŷҹЦЦȻ
⻰ȻֻĪİۣҲǸˣôƦһ
ۡ
УʲôģһĪô˶ȥŷҹҪǩЩΪȻ¿ɰС
㡭Ǿ죿ӨʱȴĪݡ
ֲŷҹأԭڱŷҽ
תһ룬ŷҽõű
ǰĪһۿߵӨԷȻûٳȥŷҹʱΪҵ֪˰ɣ
ʲôӨɻ
УҲŲأƭҲƭ̫ˡ˭Өȫûиӡ
Īˡ
϶ŷҽʾãûн㣬ﲻܶ𣿡Өƽʵ㲻ý⣬ŷҽˣעƽŮӣܸӦúˣô룬᲻һ
ܣҺܸӰĪôرŷҹʾõʧߣҪٿȰ⼸䣬Էȴᣬವس˳ȥ
ŷҽ㱧ңҪҸ𡭡
ӨСѾͷֲŴɱһѪ·ۿҪŷҹȥ
ŷҽҡ
ŷҽӦȢҵġ
޷֧ȥŷҹͻȻʩչǹڴУѰҷ϶˳ȥ
һۻæҵСʿǣŷҹһϾʧ
ҽԺеĲˣŷҹزû˿ɸУѾԶˣʩͰŶʱҪȡΪü⣬Ͼⰲŵģ˵ôͻȻͲϳˡ
ɲΪԷΪԼôһƵĸ֣ܶʲôӰˡ
ԼƵٿ죬ֻҪҲԷǸıԷĿģ޷һ˺
ʵ֪ΪʲôͻȻͣˣΪҪֹЩųһźţε¼ܿҪȥˣʱ˲ɿ
أɿͬʱҲʱˡ
˭û뵽ǣŷҹȻˣװĵˡ
ͬҲŷҹƻеһ֪ϴε飬ԷһЩɵƽʱ򣬶ֿ²ʲôûᡣôҪûᣬ˶Ҳʵŷҹ˳ű˵˼һ·ذԼıƵѷʱ̡
ΣյģΪ˭Ҳ֪Է᲻ʱ֡
ŷҹţԼڵµʱҲ˸һ־߾ԼôȥδؾͲġɽһֵԽ棬ԷȴԽǲš
ҲŮ̽ԼʵĪûȷʵ֤֤ԼȽʱǲ϶ֱ֣ǷԼʱ״̬Ϊڿжϳŷҹڵˡ
û뵽ʱŷҹװ
ŮץסȻҲʤԶԶûнڵǻֲֻ֪ĸ׼ŸԨصĴֻ˵ĳƣòʱһ¡
ھε֮󣬶Էֻڸݣ־ͻǴУһΣҲԨϢĻˡ
ôȥЩаأ
ŷҹҲǴԽ
ûȥǿԨȴҪģһߣŷҹҲҪԼȥУεаŷҹȴԲܵɿһ
ԭܼ򵥣ŰЩڵаϢԽԽϤĸоûзĻϢҲһѽһʦŷұӶûаĽ
нʤа
ÿһ磬͸аһ֣
˶ΪѽΪ̫аԲûбŷұɣŷҹõ֮ȴ֪һѳа֮⣬һǴаŷұôϣ
ŵĽÿһѶֱָģҲǽĵһ֣
ŷҹ֪ĵ񽣵ȻܴġʤаŲк飬Ǹŷҹԭµ飬Ҫܣ³֮⣬˹ֻ¶˳֡
ǱΪߵˣڴЩаϢаĽ֮ӹá
ԭ򣬶ŷҹֻȥЩ飬ûѡ˵ء
ڣŷҹȴҪؼˣѾҽԺ˺ü죬·ûл˵ǻؼˡ鲻Ϊʲôԭ˴ʱ䣬ȻҪȻؼһˡ
ôţĽŲԽӿˡֻǲ߹һСͬʱȻͣ˽ŲĿ⳯ǽ濴ȥ
䱸ȫ䱸ȻŷҹǷʲôҪضԴ
ѵ˷ȥаѡȰԼɱһٷʱûܹôʱھͰˡ
Ǻܿŷҹͷ뷨Ϊʶֻ֮һˣһźˣȻɱ֣ɱ֣˭ڴ촩һ£ǲע
ŷҹ˵ϣûв˿аûκεɱⱾǲġԷҪԼɱ֣ôɱûС
ת֮£Ѿ֪ʲôˡ
ɣûʱ䣬𣿡˽䱸°˸̬ǵǽ
ಡ
ӰһŷҹûһҪ˵˼ȴȫһƻŷҹ
ҵķбҪ𣿡
ŷҹҡҡͷ¶ʵǲȤ


117 ƾ֯
˵ʱѾƶϣ򣬵Ǳڱ򰡣ܲվﲻɣǿ͵ðˡ
˵Ĺм죬תۼѾʮС
ŷҹͻȻȭһ䣬һƴ󿪴ϣǷ˷أȫŶԷһȥ
ǰ˻ĽеĽУ⽣ڿ죬˻ĽȴӰԵʱŷҹƴһа˻ľ𣬴ڶ˼ǺݺöԷԾһ¡
顭
ȭཻΪģʱһˣѵϵ߹ȥ
һ֮ŷҹһΣһԷȴԭػҲΣӲһҲûˡ
ŷȻ鴫˰ժ¶һӣҲǶʮ꣬ŷҹԴһЩӣ΢΢һ֣ƾԱ
ܾͽгɣԼˣװˡŷҹֻ˸ȴǵȻЦ¡
ŷҹһЦȴûеԼûоȫʵǰԷһ
ƾ˶Ѿú𣿡ŷҹʵ
ֻϹ˵ʾ˼ֽ֮ɫֻҪǸҳͿ϶ܲˡ
ŷҹͷǷĲ١
ʵŷҹ⼸ҽԺβ֮⣬ҲʲôûеһͰϵǰ˵ǸϵܲܽһЩⲿŵ
Ҳŷҹ²⵽ģⲿŲҳζί߹ⱬ飬Ӧǵģŷҹ⿸
ԴŷҹûʲôԹԣȻ͸ԷоһһԸЩвߡ
֮ǰһֹͣŷҹΪһǶԷҪԼһܶԷѾˣԨѾ˲ٵƾԱ
ƾҵⲿ֮һдǹߣȻҲһЩߣǴһЩ߻ǹҰȫйصļ¼
ôһ֮£ŷҹȻ͸ûк֮ˣڼ䣬ƾԼ˵İбҲ԰ĵش档
˵ʵʲô̶ȣŷҹʵࣿ
ȷǲ࣡ոռƾҪһ£һԼոն˼ϳ˿Ҫ˵˻Լأǲǰƾ˶ȥ
ֻ»ǲŷҹҡҡͷԷȻҪԸƾľͲֻмСɫֻصΪǲܶԸԷĸ֡
Ҳʱ֣ܳҲֻлļˡæͣ˵ΪģҲֻǻѣɶƾˣҲᾡϵֻҪǵŶԷͲ
⻰ŷҹǲţҪĻЩôƾأƾ߾ͻмɵǵġ
ƾԼͬԼҲֻһ˶ѣƾȴһӴϵͳκһŶȥ
Ƕ֪ƾֻлƼЩˣǶȴ֪ԶԷֻĴ㣬Ҫƾһһ׵Ļᡣ
ȴҪʱģʱˣƾ˻ѾſڴŶԷˡ
ЩߵĿʲôȻ˵ƾģӦ֪һЩɣŷҹʵ
ȷ֪ȴԥûпڣԲƾڲܣʵڲ͸¶㡣
ǾŷҹҲûȥȥֻǣǵĿȻǣҾô֣ҲԸңܲĿЩ˾
ЩһֱǱԨʱʱһ飬ǿһ鷳õİ취ȻܰЩ˵ľһ򾡣ҪԷ㹻С
ֻԼҽߣڶԷƺֻһЩӵãϾ˼ĶҲţεٿ죬˼ÿвôԵڶεĴɱҲôױˡ
ǲܣŷҹĽ飬̾ҡͷܼط뷨ƾǸٴĴۣҲĿ굱նգǶе˭е𡣡
ŷҹԷ˵ôҲ̾ʹͷĿ꣬Щɱ˵Ҫƾ˵ױȵҪ
ȻĴڣȻðŷȥЩߡƾΪЩ߱Ȼᱻɶ˺ʱ
ǺðɣףǺˣŷҹһЦ
㲻׼һԸߣлƾģԷһ½Ĳ֣˭뵽ŷҹͳˡ
ƾŷҹЦЦ˰ɣҿǸɹˣܲЩԼ˵ԼҲкܶҪҲûа취һȥִ񡣡
֣ƾʵ̫ϧˡҡҡͷüͷһš
ƺŷҹƾǷһʮֲӦõԭһ
Ѿ˵ˣе飬ûа취ǿġŷҹǴһЦû˿ı˼ӡ
ԸһԸǰ߰ɣҲ֪Щ˺Σգƾֻлһֲ㣬ȻƣҲҪƸаöԷˣȻǿܻĻüͷø
ŷҹüëһ£ЩЦصôо˵ģƾûҾͲһ
ŻǿҲصøɴࡣ
ѾסĿǰûٱаʴˣҵʱҲûô󡣡ŷҹҲԷ侲طţҲҪץʱ䣬ΪٽһֻصΪû취תֻһϢԱףʲôæ
ʲʲôҧʵأ
۷壡ŷҹػظ
ϸȥ㵽ʲô̥
ҲֲȣոһƴһƵƴŷҹȻһʵȴѹһͷﶼúܡ
һֱΪԷ϶۷壬ԼŻԷУû뵽˼ҾȻأ
۷ҲأصǲһصģϢתʵ䵽ʱһؼڵ㡣һôģڵϾȻʤԼصΪ
Ҫչض೤ʱ䣿
֮̾뵽һ㣬ŷҹصʱѾôֻ֮ǱԼʵҪ߳һ
ʱеˡŷҹ˼һ£һпϵĴ𰸣Ҳһ죡
ۡ
磬ܲôŶôͣ˵ܿܽҲˣ˵ʱеŪ˸һ죬㼸˼ǰɣ


118 Ҫѧҽ
ǿѪĳ嶯ȶһ㻹Ϊ˵ɣһĻЩ˻ܳŵס
һͷѾҪŷҹϱ鳤ǸŰԼɢޣȻ̶ֳȣҪƾԴأ
ôֱ̬ˣЩŵҲҪǿɣ
ŷҹû˼Է֮󣬺ܿͻص˼
һ˿ŷҹأǼеذȥѯʣ֪ûʲô֮ſʼ˽ľͽչ
Ҳ֪ߵ飬˸Ⱦ֢ô᲻εգټŷҹ֮ǰҽԺ赹ȥȻ֪ε鲻С
ŷҹûй͸¶ʲôϢֻǸڵѾƣû֢ķˡ
¹¹඼Ѿ׹ǱߵҪǵӦ˻ȥ֮Ҳ½عŷҹơ
ЩŷҹģҲŪȻ¼ΪĹܵȫа취ŵĽ֮һеаЧ֤ǶڹҲһо޴ɱּ岡һսˡ
һֵس˸һԼ䣬ѿռˡ
ʱѩҲʲôһͷ˵ŷҹĻֻǿޣʲôҲ˵
Ҫѧҽ֮ŷҹİο£ѩֹסضŷҹ˵
ѧҽŷҹ㵣Լҽ
æŷ磬ҿһæһﲻϣﶼˣѩί˵
Ǻǣɲһѧģ㻹רľȽľ˽չ֮ҽȻͺѧˣǶһЩСʣʱ϶ѧÿ졣ŷҹЦ˵ľ𣿡
ȻУдƽҲٻѧѩŷҹʣΪԼŬֻǳӰ̫ˣҶһСľͻԺĶ
˵Ƥͷֹһεƻˡ
ŷҹһЦӰһɱصĽȷʺԺ㻹ľϰԼ
šѩͷֻҪŷҹ˵ģԹԵŷǲǾûбˣ
»ǲУί߲ôģڵƽֻǶԷ𣬻ǵȴʲôʱֻҪǵõ˻ᣬһεķ˻ڸŷҹûѩ֪Ůʮֹ˵ѣһܿ˿ʱԼɻ󣬲֪᲻ʲôȰʵ˵һ¡
㲻ǺΣգѩ󾪡
βһˣкܶһڵǶֻ֣ҪǶ֣̾ǵȦͲõˡŷҹŶԷͷ
ŷųӰĻǲǻӰȫѩȻµ鲢ŷҹ˵ôա
ǵãбȳӰĽҪߣѽɱ̫أаϢרŵԣ岻Ҿҵߡŷҹ˵һӣǰһ֣žӰˡ
ʲôѩŷҹпտҲЩֵʵ
ǰѺ⽣ӰֻܿǺ⽣Ҳһεɱŷҹ͵
һӣһѵӾͱ롣
ѩС죬֮ǰӰЧҲûйؾȡ
ӰС࣬ƽʱҪغãصǱ㣬ǹصĸ֣Ҳһŷҹ
šѩұһ죬һСѾ˳С඼Ѿˣаְ֣
ϸȥΪʲôԼͷһӾȻߣ
ŷҹͻȻһЦḽѩߣҪǶŪֵܽó
ȻŷҹķûѩǱŷҹ仰ߵͨ졣
ŷ粻롭Ҫ
ѩһš
ǵģֻǽţԼһų⣬һڴһĵ
ÿÿ뵽ʱߵñסͷ̲סȥ롣
ѩ֪ԼǾŷҹ˵ټᶨʼնãԼܻܲ꣬Ȼһδ֪
Ҫ޸ŷҹ˵ʱӵһİɷáûΪһӣĻ뿪ʱһЦŵġ
㡭ѩСȻԼ֮ȷǶ飬ȶԷҪǳˡ
ֻ֪ǸȻֻҪʲôԭν
ǺǣĻŷͻ֮ǿ졭ŷҹѩסЦŴԷ֮
ŲҪ
ѩŷҹɬѵæѶԷĻȥ
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˱ײˣȻŷٻɡ
ǸʵתתòŷٻڷٵɣȴûҵʵģͿһ᲻ᵱùá
ŷٻѩѾͷѾܵƿܵܵķţŷҹڴϣƲƲ죺汿ѩ͵߶ˣⶼ㲻ǲҵܵܰ
ŷҹ棬ʲôʱôͻˡ
ͰҵŵùأŷٻܵܳԱƺܵӡ
Ϊǿռ͵ֲأһܳˣŷҹҲƵЦ
ŷٻȴЦŵÿģҼҵܵܲǱ´ôʵڲѩŷ
ŷŷҹٴֹ
ŵķ仹ǲ٣û˵һַЧģ찡
ŷٻЦˣ˵仰ԼͿЦˣֻʣŷҹﱻһһ㶵ġ
״˵Ļѳŷҹȴ̾һ
ʵղŶѩĻֻһдǶѣ飬ŷҹ˵ûаһ޴
Ƕѩ˵Ľ־ֻһ·ˡ


119 ֱǮ
ŷҹһʱ嶯Ȼѩ壬Һüʱֹסѩʲô뷨űһɶѡ
ôһҪҵҩѩľתΪʥ
ŷҹ֮Ҫľѩ⡣
񽣵ѾҵѣҲǰأĿǰƺѶҲûôŷҹϲΪԼ嵣ˣĿѾٴһЩȫԼ˽ŵ洫ţҪŰ񽣣ʦǰС
ЩǳԶ飬ֻѩ壬ǰҪģһ죬ŷҹϣһ֡
ֻҩǿģŷҹȥѰңûʲôͷֻаΪȥһЩƾһЩ
ƾ˵һҪͻˣأֻҪͻ֮ڵϢתΪͨĹ߶ķˮ룬ڽľ͸ˣĹЧǽľ֮󣬽ܹ壬ȻΧ󣬵Ա߸ǿࡣ
Ҳ֮ǰ˵ģƾŽڶֶΣҲ˱ǿޱȣ
ڵϢʼۼһ۵һϪˮҪɺһž֮Уŷҹصıϻȥ
ЩϢһûй̶̬ƺʱɢȥӣǴʱΪ̫ԵҲӵ˲ĳ
ǵصıǰʱѾþһֻǱǰǻѭȴûȥƱˡ
رȽͻƵԭҲ֮ǰŷҹ˵ֻҪһͻʱȵԭһһ㶼ҪҩеĸɴʦءȽһЩĵӣͻѡóʱؾϢۻصıϡ
ŷҹڲŸոͻؾ̫ʱ䣬ʱ뿿Լͻʵе㲻̫ܣص۷ѾǺŵˣƫƫôˡ
ŷҹûʦԸ񽣣񽣾ڣ
˿ŷҹһ쵽˾ϣŨҵĽ֮ʱӽ緢һӡ£Щ֮Ǻԥ뵽ŷҹ
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ڶ񽣵Ľ֮Ȼ壬ǿϢûжڵϢ˿ĳײʮظϢںϵһ
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ŷҹѾǵ˶ٴΣû뵽ԼرϾȻộں˾ڵĽ֮Ϊʮ׾ٵء
ԲܷһڵĽ֮͵˷ˣȻԼӣҪٽͻƾ磬Ǿֻٵŷһˡ

ŷҹƺѾľһδεسľž޴Ŀ飬ȴ˿ûͣ˼ƺҪԼľӼ̣Ǳϸο
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Ȼûбϼ̣ŷҹϢ󲿷ֵĳǷڱϵģ߳ܵѹȻͬȻҲˡ
ŷҹڼ￴ĴأƺûԼǿ󣬹ȻǸջȵġ
Ϣͽ֮ڸת֮ƽӵȶ
ˣŷҹӴһԾ
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ҲֲýŵĹȴûгʲôĸ֡Ž֮ÿһضͬ׵ߵÿ죬Ҳǿ󣬵⽣Ҳõġ
¼䱦ж٣ررж٣м񽣣˭ȫˣϾһҲͷˡ
˵ʵŷҹԼҪΪѣȻͻܲҵĻЩá
ǧ񽣰һ罣ĳһڶۣҪǻ˾ڡ
뵽ŷҹͺǿһӵǮˡ
ǮûʲôϧһѰ񽣣ôյҲʵۡʦǣŰ񽣣ս֮ţ
Űǧ񽣰۵òУ
߳ʱѾˣҶû𴲵ӡ
ŷҹһ壬ȡһľԺ￪ʼʾʱʦµļ䣬ǻ˲ٵ⣬ûùĽУһ˲ͺѾǧٱһ
ȻʦµĸŷҹҲ֪ЩҪԼȥһζ̰ͼӼõĶֻԼΪγһʦļ⣬ԼȴһֱЩ֮УҪԼأȻһߵĳɾҲ߲ʦӰӣʦûдﵽĵزʱͻ粽С
ƽ⽣˻Ľÿһ׽ԼĶ֮ƽ鶯ʤ⽣ٶȣԿʤ˻Ľƣ԰Եʤ
ŷҹ֮ǰȻҲùٴΣԼȴ࣬ʱһϸϸʹһЩ벻ζ
һŽŷɽѩ˶Ѿ𴲣һԺΧƺûвһ
ģ׽һʼȻͬķ񣬾Ȼű˴֮໥ںϵơ
ŷҹһ˽ƣҿȥ
ŷٻһƵ
ǺǣǰҲúܰŷҹٺЦ
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ŷҹֻǸźٺһЦҲûȥոƺһ򣬵ԼҲ֪ڽ˵ͲһΣܳģ⻹Ҫʱ䣬ûʲôһ͵ġ
򵥵سЩˣŷҹûиѩͼ˼һЩʱ䣬ܿѾ߳š
ε¼ѾˣЩĻȴûץͺһʱըʱκ벻ʱ͵ص㱻
ŷҹҴ⣬ҪõʤаȻ뿴ǣʤаһȺίУΪԷɱ˵κһŵˣԼе񽣣˶ûκ뷨ġ
ǶԷͷҵԷһͷˣֱҪȥæЩˣεĴɱŷҹҲó˼ҵĿ겻ʩչʲôȦףնǵģֻ취ԼڶԷʱܹѿ
֮ǰһֱļϢƣΪʱȣûʲôøֱӵİ취ˡŷҹҪҩƣӼҩֻҪ㹻ҩδزܰа


120 δ
һƾͿɶУȫһ۴ķ˵һ
󹦷ŷҹѾ˴õǰѾʼӪҵ;ֱ˽ȥ
褽ˡɶŷҹڳȥȻֽץĸ첲
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Ѿ͹Σʲô˵ʱҲˣԼŮѣŶϰֵĻ˵ھѾǶˣǽδޣȻǲСѾͷҺˣʡѩᡣ
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ϸȥʲôҴǰҪ褽һ
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ŷҹЩȻܳһֱҽԺܽ뿴ĿһʱҲûϳǰˣǸոջԨΣҽӢŷҹ
ȻĻý嶼øʲôǰ
ɶˡһ̾ͼǰ棬ɶһ߶СԹһŷҹе˼ؽһʦ
Ա߶һⶼʲôϵˣڵСϵң˲ˡһúԼҩתͷŶˡ
ŷҹһȻǹô㸸׻𣿡
ʱһֱأջ¼Ըûйһӡ
Ұֺܺãʦ㲻õģ⼸컹һֱ˵ҪȥֻʱҽԺǶȥæѽ˵һ£ǡ򹤣褽ڵϰ࣬Ҿˡ
ԭŷҹһߵɶѾ˼˵ĹϵСӱԼôͺɶյһ𣬡ҽڲڣ
ҪǽڣǽͲڡɶ̾Ͳ
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ŷҹٺһ֣Сӻôʰ÷ˡ
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ŶɶϾͻһ飬ǸŹģϴȥ͹ȡ
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ҲҪǮ̧ͷŷҹһۡ
̫ʰɣŷҹԼԺҪõҩĿɻأܲҪǮԼƤٺҲŲס
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ȥιһ褵ҩ԰Ȿŷҹ֮õ顣Ҳ֣ڵĻ֮£ҩҩĶɱʱǴĶõôϡеİݸߵҩĵġ
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˳Ŵģһ·͵˽һǰŷҹҲǸӵܵĳǿ˿Ǳһ£ⷿӱŷҪ٣ҲǸŮ
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ⲻܣ
ŷҹһӦΪЩҩĵ֮ŨѾԾͲʲô츣أôһӳôϡҩ


121 Įˮ
ϸŷҹŷﾹȻһССľ󣬲ϴɽ֮Щҩġҩ԰ϿգȻһη˲ᷢôҩģҩҲɢ
⡭ߵֶΣ
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ٵȵȿˣԼȥʤаͽƾȥˡҲΪԼһıԵˡ
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ֱŷҹźܼ򵥵ػش𣺡á


122 ҩ֮
ŷҹһŮִʲô취ס
İɡŷҹӴļ䴫УѾҵһЩҩ֮Ϣˣھ͵ţҿ϶һˣ߸һ㣬һߡ
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ŷҹԿ׵ʱȴǴһȥϸ룬Կ׶ûд˾Ѿҩ档
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ŷҹһβŻڸ褰ʱ򣬵õһҩ֮ûжԶԷʲô˺ڿȻǲַˣΪڵѾһٽ㣬һ̾ͻȫҩ֮ŷҹ˹
ŷҹȷǿԲ褾Ͱеҩ֮ˣǶԷȴһûŷҹҲƶϣѸٵذؽȡҪѾû˽֮ս֮
Ҳʦƶϳһֿԣһһ൱ɿĿԡҩֻ֮һʧأ˭ûа취ճգһоͿȫӽ˵İˡ
ؽĴָʱһߵֵ褵ҩ֮룬һѸȡ
û뵽ǣؽȡˣȴһ֮ûа취աƶϳĽʧҲģһ£ŷҹ̾һС
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褱䣬һò绨ڸΪԼЩõҩǿеش߻ǿҩʯŻᵼڵĽ˵ûжԼ㺣ŷҹš
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ҩ֮ѾͻŷҹķأǿеͨŷҹƽڣٲĻֻһӱֻĽ
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ףŷҹھͺɫһƵģ޲ܰӶһϡ
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ͷҪ褷ʱȴԼ־Ȼ뵽Ů·ոʲôּ们ĴУʱղܵĸоһʱ䲻ޱ
ҿոҩ֮ÿ죬ҪȻĻǰʲôˡ
Ҳŷҹַŵλã΢΢һ죬ɫذƿһЩ
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ŷҹҲַ֪ʽ϶ÿζɵģҪȻǰ˻Ѿˡ
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š褻Ǻ˳ӵشӦһ
ֻ΢΢ϣһ˿ԼײЦ⡣
ոŷҹҪʲôȻҲȻĹͷΪһЩֹˣһأһͻῴԼַǳİ취
϶ġ褼ţŷҹĶԼ£Լ϶еһˡ
ǵģһҲԸ⣡˭ǵһԼӱ˸оأ
ŷҹѾԵظо褵ĸı䣬ǴǰĻÿһػԼڶԷ˳ӣͺѩһһʱ֮еҽء


123 ˫
ҪٶЩʲôԷôϣûа취ٿڣｲŷҹЩ̫ġ
֮ǰϵҩĶװȥЩҩҪƣ𣿡ŷҹȻһֱţǾ취ҵ¶ɰɡ
Ůе⣬ôţ˵׼ֳʲô鷳岻ҩ֮֮һһʱŪʲôҩģɾ鷳ˡ
ֻҪӦ¶һ㶼ŵŷҹһ㣬һ԰׼õҩȫŪæŹ֡
ʱԼҲİ취ˡ
ã褻Ǻ˳ӵصͷ
ŷҹͷӾͿԷˣŪЩҩ֮ǰûлˡ
Ǳ֮ˣúܿ죬ˣø죡
Ǹ褿ˡ
ǺǣҪ𣿹ʱҲһöָͻ֪жȤĶˡŷҹȤ̾ͽ˵
šصصͷ
ŷҹ̤ʵ˲٣ڵƺȴǰһЩ仯ֻҪ뷨Ͳǰһϡ
ֻʮӣŷҹѾҪϡҩȫϣҲ˵ֱקһ뿪ص˴
Ȼ֪ӦòٳʲôŷҹȴǺܷģԥһ£ͳֻҩ壬ܸܲһŮԱרűһһʧԼҲðĵ׼Ըίˡ
뻹ûвȥһ绰Ѿ˽ȻǾֳ·
ŷǵľԱַ⣬ڸոյİСʱ֮ڣѾмʮ񲡻߱Һ֮ǰĻ߻ҪأЩ˶зǳǿĹ·ٵذڵŷҹ˵һ£ϣԷʲôõİ취
ȻϣǾԤıһεı·ֳ㲻żңѾƳӦҩϾܴȥ飬ǵ˶СһñЩ֢˵ȺһЩҩȥִҲСŷҹӦˣһŮԱһҽҪеҩĶҪ䣬һá
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жĪȥһλҪҽȥŷȥҽԺˡ
˾ͺո˷һɿ˶ԼԤλǰ
ŷҹ˵еҩﶼҪ䣬Ҳȫһջ޻ҩ챾Ǽѵģ֮ͨ󶼻ӰҩԡŷҹߣһҩӷһЩͬҩһԸͲκεĹ˼ɡ
ˣǾͲˣ򲻵ѵ£ƴҩˣŻҲҩ
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ǰЩҽҲãҽҲգŷҹ̫ðǾһεķ粨֮ŷҹ˵ԨҽѧľȨ
ô˵ɣŷҹ˵һֻۣôҵĵһӦ˵軰һֻ۾ǳʲôεĵطԴҶûз֡
Ȩ˵һ仰û˻ȥ仰ʵԡ
еһжɵؽţǱߴŴԴԴϵ񲡻ڱͽЩһⶼţøַЮţȻ̾ͻᱩˣһεҪصöࡣ
Ǻܿ죬ϢҲˣһڳԹŷҹҩ֮󣬶̽˰״̬֢״ǺܿͻҲʾҩĵҩԣܿε񲡶һʱȺܡ
ŷҽԷһʲôǰ뵽ˣ̫ˣ
ʲôҿ˶ãŷҽһǸ첡˸ץסûһ죬ŷҽӵʱӣҪŮ˵ĻҷҪȥɡ
˰ɣҪŮˣ֪Ҫˣŷҽô˫ȫ
٣ʹˣǲ˫ȫ˫һؽҴǹŴĴûŷҽһ˧
һεϴøңܶϴѾκõˣһξȻٴꡣ
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Щȴ֪ǻŷҽͲʱŷҹȴѾĳҽԺ
ͨľԸЩ߻ԣԸЩйĶίߣЩܼԷӰӶץ
ƾϰѶԷĿ걩¶Ȼûа취ԷɱУȥԨͨ˵ʵһҵϢ
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Ȼо޴ȱǾǷΧķΧҲ̽һǧ֮ڣǶаĸӦȴֻ߰ףŷҹٶȻ죬ȴûа취ȫſ
ֻһӦţһǰ£Ҳûа취ȫо
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Īŷҹӣ̾һˬͬ¶ڣΪԸ㣿


124 ѽ
죬Ϸŷҹ͸࣬ɿشڵ˳ϡ
ȻֵЩĪǱŷҹȴ֪ʲô¶ԼĪĻʸö࣬ҰŮһ˶һҪǳʲô¶ﶼⲻȥ
һϳܾӦʱ̾ͷַǲһܣһ߶ӦаķʽҪˡ
׵ľ룬Īһžͷ˹ȥİ̶ȸıŵǺ䡣
Ȼִ񣬵ĪҲһ³ܰŵ˼ǹ仹ɲ٣޲Ǳֵ쳣ֻŶԷһ䣬Сŵŵ֮ĻԼҲóûһ£Ҳ֪ԼʲôȲ
أŷҹϳ֮̾ͱۡ
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ŷҹͣʱֻԱ߶ವһӰȻͿλѾûŷҹ
ĪܵһŲɲҪ˰Ӵȥģôٶȣôģ
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ѽ
Īһ۾ϳһŷҹҽԺʱõǰѴ󽣣֮Ҳ֪ôͰ⽣Ūûˣθƾվͳˣֱħ
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ۿһ˦｣æͳѣŷҹ˴һŰҪھͱ˸ˣǿɾ̫ϧˡ
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ŷҹķӦǿó֮⣬֮ʱֻһͨĶö｣ѾȫɻȥöŶԷӣûз߸ˡ
˵ŷҹѾӽǿ޴ľڽ̩ɽնȥѾһѷĶһͨĶίܱȵϵġ
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ȡɣʵҪȻôȡɣʮֱţԼŷҹĹƻ̫ˣ˼ұ˵Ǹƽֻ֣ĻַӾܰˡ
ںڽһţֻգۣûȥʲôɻõһķʲô
Īٴüˣ󽣾ƫƫһûˣѵյĽ𹿰һܱ廨ģ
ŲȥŷҹֻԼܼ尾ˡ
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Щί߶ǹ֣һľԱֻܿЩ˵֢ߣ涼򲻵ٸϹȥҲ޼ˡ
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ŷҹѸԶıӰҲֻεʼ硣
˼˵ö԰˼Ҳƾˣ˵ƾˣڵʸҲ϶ԼߣȻòָӡ
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ٴеصȴЩίߣ˼ȴ̳һడ
۾ѸתתȻ飬ܵ鳤ȻҲе汾£ѾȷŷҹķʽҵίߵķλȻʲô֪϶Ƕġ
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˭ܳȥһŷҹķãһؾĹֵĻԣ
⻰˵ޣ˭ˣҪûаһؾĹ֣ȥҲֻȡ衣
ǴҶأ˭˭дҲһаʽܽģһУ͵Ϯδ
ӵȺƾǶ侲ŷҹǲǡ
ʵ벹һµǣո˵ĻеˣǿɲǴأ۷壬֮Ĳ໹ǲСģҪһ۷壬ʸŷҹȥа壬ĻǶĶЪȥ


125 ɭɲ
ûи˶ʶһĻᣬܿյŷҹϢȴƾĳԱתŷҹĻ
ŷ˵ϰΧһɫô죿
˳ƺԼҵ鳤֣ǶŷҹˣȴƺɼҲǱŷҹʵˡ
һȴˣǱﾡܷɢţֹص߼飬ŷҹһ仰Ƕͬһص㣬һ汬ô죿
鳤ҲûеģֻƬʱ䣬Ѿ˾ϡ
ע⣬һɫƶص֮󣬵ȡŷͳһţ
Ҫ˵ͳһָӣһһѱĸԣҲûôױָӶģһʱѾ֪ˡ
а취ڰָȨŷҹһЩ˾ҪˣԣʱҲҪȥŷҹʲôʥһЩĿľѾﵽˣһʱ˵ɣǿ϶Թ۵ġ
Ĳ²ǶԵģŷҹڳֻ߮˲Сʱʱ䣬ѾӦǿаĳһѭȷһλõʱŷҹȷһɫֳǶίߵľۼء
ЩѡطÿζƵĵطִ͵ĳ˵൱ױ¶ģЩξһ䲻ɡ
ŷҹԼһ˽ȥҪ̫࣬ûаհʤа¡
ֻҪʤаڶԷպǻܶ࣬Զ
ŷ˶ѾˡСʱѾŷҹߡ
ŷҹתͷһۣƾˣҲʮˣֻЩҪǷɢڳǱˮнٿ죬Ҳ赲˶ԷʩչʲôֶΡ
˾Ǵ򲻹㣬ܰɣǱͲƾӲӲģֻҪҾˡ
ô˶һҪô죿һ̲סְɡ
֮ԨҪֹЩߣȴ˵ԼЩ˶ϵǲǰԨóȥ
ģЩ߶಻Ƕ켸֢״ˣ˶ֻ࣬Ҫʱ͵ҽԺǶûΣգطˣΣվʱ䵽ÿ˵ͷϣͷͷأŴҶֱܷóû˵ŷҹѾΪˡ
ֻ΢΢һüëôȷߵѣһûˣ󱬷ˣ˭
εжŷ˵öԣ˵ԨѾתһ죬ջģ̾ͳνӹ
ƾŷҹûκݣֻܵ顣˵ŷҹʼնһˡ
֮ԸҲǶŷҹ൱ģȻĻǴһһ֮϶Ҫܵϲ㷽ĳͷġ
λ˵ҲоݣԨѾǱ˼죬ͻȻвҲЩߴ棬ջȴࡣ
ܹҲˣŷҹ¡̫ˣǶԷͲӲģһûȡʤİգ̾ʩչַ
ίȻ㲻϶ôⷽ棬ȷǱҪ߳һһ棬ҪôǸϹȥʱѾˣҪôˣ˸ܵ
ʵƾ𵽵Ч˵΢΢ģҲͱͨҪǿһЩ⻹ֵֻϡ
˵ҲףȻ𲻵ʲôãǲͻί˵ϳܲһٰѶԷѸˡ
˵òЩ߿һ鷳ʱܱһʵֻһĻʵǲ֪ĵطĿҪĿ꣬ٸһصĴŷҹӹ˵Щ߾ǿҲѾͷӣ޹ؽҪģҪĽȺ˲ˣԺǻ֯ڶεΣΣ˭ûһ취
ŷô죿Ҷû˵ҲϿŷҹĻ߾Ͼ鳤Ȼ׿ڰζеȻʲôˡ
һ𣬰ΧŷҹһƾĳԱصľ磬ţǴӺһ룬л
Ȼ֪ŷҹȽҲûٱȽʲôŷҹ˵Ҳ̫һ
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ŷҹδҲ̫ƾ˰ɣΪԼǿ˿ԸʮһȽϣ
ֻһ㶣̾˲
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ףЩԺ˵Ȱŷ˵İ죬һΣǰò˵鳤Ǻеġ
Ҳ˽ܳͷ׼ΪʵеʣҲΪŷҹܱʮһ𶼻ҪǿϾҲֻأǰʱֻضѣǿҲһ޶Ȱɣˡ
ֻǲ⡭
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ʱ˭Ҳû׷ʩչһԾźһɫڲȥ
һɫһҹܻᣬڰʱ򣬶Ǳŵġƽǽ̻Ի͵ĳʱȥȴԵмɭɲ
ټĿռ˵һ仰ƺлһָо
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Ǹոһʱ򣬾ͿӺҲͬӿʮˣϵϢҪǿҲ۷ˮ׼ġ
ƾЩﶼһ˵ȷöԸҲΪߣȻʵĻ񣬻ҪȺܶ෽棬ռȻҪռܴıˡ
ٶȣǣ滹ˣŷҹһѾȺгȥ
ԲۣҲ̫ˣ
ƾѾҪ۾ˣֵֻһˣͳ˼˶ˣǲŰ
ȻҲԼһ߶ģû˻ῴϾԷΪôߣҪжʱ˭ҪӢ壬ǴɵԼ
ȻһѾĬ߰һ֣ίӸǶһŷҹһ֮£ŷҹʬ
ʲôϰ
ױȴҪһЩһŷҹվ̾Ԯ


126 һϰ˵
ô˵ŷҹҲƾѣһǻˣƾŷҹһȺίɱˡ
һȴҲ׷׷Ӧǰ壬׷׳ͼѶԷĵס
˶óһλˣȲǵסŷҹѾ˷ֳ߰˿ˡ
ˡ
ŷҹͻȻһΪļˣǰѾ޴ؽٴαŷҹУ΢΢ţһ
ǰһŷҹؽѾһɨ֮ڶƺǸ߰˰Ѷίײһ顣

̾Ͷһͭ
ԲۣƾӶҪɳˣһܵһȺǻõ
ȻţֵѾĽȴ˿ŷҹһʤ֮׷׳߰ߵҪȥ
ۡ
Ѫʱһء
߰˸ߵŷҹһͷ࣬˭Ҳûаһֱ˵һ¶ΪǼնһʱ򣬾ˣҲñǸնˣȫһ֮ӭӺ˺е׼
ֻϧû뵽ǰ˸ͬһȻǱŷҹ׵ˣһ˰Եһϰ˵
ôһĹѾˣƾԵղסǻôΪΪصĲţ
ʱЩ߳һΪߣ׷׶һޱʹ졣
ֱ֮ЩƾԱ˵նʹһʱ˽ֵ
ֱ̫ˬˣһһǱԼ߳һصĸ֣˭ضøһ
ɱúãŷҹһｻǣȥ׷ˣ
˵һźȥ
һûǸոûֵߣΪԼһе˷ܵƾԱҲΪŷҹһΪˡ
ݵһ֮ٺһֵǣɱ
ǰ߸۷ĸ֣˶Ըһ
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˴ݱѾ߱ȫûʱԱһǽͻȻײһ
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һûȥվ˵أ۽ŷҹȷǺǿҲûа취κңҪߣһҲס
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ŷҹ˵Ϊ֪ʤаȷѾˣû˵ϣǱһǿĸִߡ
Ҫȥ׷ȴ˲ס˵ΪҲһȻһʱ֮Ѳ߾ǣ֪ʣµƾԱܲܵסԷĳɱʱٰƾ˶ͽȥǿɾͿˡ
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127 Ҳ̫ȱ

Щһһʲôɶдأŷҹһ뿴˼Ůӣʹôжɱ˵ͬʱ˼ҵ·ִյÿкãԶһ˿˿͵ðŮ˵ƤҲ˰ɣ
İûǸ뷨˭֪⺬⽣ĽȻôѾƿطִ磬ɻǲôһ㡣
ǲŸոŷҹͻȻһ٣ѸٵתŸոճñȥ
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ںһɷϢӿΧ¶ȶһ½˼ȡ
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ЩһûзȻܰȵ˽ȥûܵ˿赲
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֮ǰŷҹڹһɫ֮ǰúܣʰ߾ͺǶȼһǸԷսò£Ҳ鿪Цȴȫһˡ
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128 Ѱ·
һ˿ҩģŷҹ˵Щֻκһ裬ˡС͸ҩĴ򽻵ûиоЩʲôѵĹֻεʵǲ٣һʱҲûа취ȫŪꡣ
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˭ƺûиоԷΣգֻ̧ͷЩֵؿһµļһ첻ˣҪĻɡ
ӵͷӶһ£ΪԼһװ㹻˶һοǰԻ۵СѾͷ
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޿ɷ棡褵ı鲻䣬ûаµؿ
ǺǣһֵСӣߵ˶ô֣ҴίԵĻǿԳΪһСֻϧ˺ϧƵҡҡͷ
Ļֲ࣬ҲΣ褿˿æԼģǾ䲻ΣҲ֪ģѶԷߡ
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һ̳Ȼȴôһͨܶùȥ

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Ҳ벻ǣֻһͨŮ褣ʱ̣ǵûеԼΣûпľţ޷˵ٴӳһŷ䡣

ǰϯ֮ľ룬ǶίҲ̽һվҪطϧѾüëͷϵĺڲҲš
һŭǷͬСɣ˿ѾӵȻҪǿɱйߡ
Ȼ֪һѾǻɣȴԾɰŭ𣬴һʼŮȻͰһصĸˣתβŭ
Ҷֻٱһʱ򣬷һҴһӰȻ£ڼ䲻ݷ֮סС

˾ȻĬһ㣬ͬʱ֡
ֻһ֮󣬱ƴѽջأһȻ̧һ˳ȥ
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ŷҹȴ˲ȥ׷Ҳ˲ϱ̽Ƶİ߰Ѫַ̳ס褵Ѩλ
Ѿ˭յѾЩϺŨԥҪŷҹ˲ϻֵʱдɱ
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ŷҹʱȫĸƣ˿ûҪͷ˼
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䡭
һӰ˵αŷҹҪӸߴ׳˶˼֣иһѸڲµľ޽ոһأʹһ޽նȥ


129 㲻
û뵽ֱʣִ֮£æὣ赲
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ˣ߱ƵٴκˣոȻռ˱˵һҲֻǿûкˣ޽ȴǳһСȱڣΪͱϣŲСĲࡣ
ԣҧ˵֣ƺѾͷˡ
ǵҾͺãΪһ̤죬ʸ񵽻ҫ𣿡˿⽣ϵ𻵣ϵҲ˿Ӱ죬Ȼµӣһĸ˱˵Ǿأһ̤죬Ҳֻ·һ
ôܵذͷ΢ͣƺҪڵסԼͱ飬ȴ˴ʱĺڲѾûˡ
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ҲǾأǱҪһأո֮˵ô໰ȫΪһԼϢûеȥ
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ˣȻԦѶȣԾ˿ЩСһЩҪ
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Ӱ￴Щһ㣬һʲôˣֻҪ־ܰæ龰ʵǲʵʵ֡
ǿԽģҲҪ˵ͻУҲҪʲôŷҹѾȫӦԦ£弸ȫתеıܷӦȫ
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ˣ
˶һתͷʱŷҹѾվ˵ĲԶ
ԶˣǾظ֣ӰС˵߱ڵĸֶֻǿһ˵ԼĸǰȻ֪Ȼ˵ԼˣҲûֵزɣ


130 תػ껨Ϣ
֪ŷҹûʲô⣬ȻµһʱͻɱԼΣվ룬ɲʲô顣
˵ǰаһʵ
ǰѽȻϢаȴӰ˵ǣֻǱãֻջǰѽٱáŷҹԣ֪˵õ˾ˡ
ʤаȻǽŵĶǽűһûа취˵ţŷҹҪ֤ԼģҲ̫ܡ仰˵һ̶ֳȵ񽣣Ǳŵģû㹻ʵҪѽôûҲǲܵ顣
ŷҹƾʲôѽȴ˭Ҳõġ
ãһȫǰѽ㡣֣سŵ˵
ŷҹЦһ£˻Ҫʲôı֤
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תػ껨Ǵ˵веĶɣ㵵
֪ˣһ̵ʱڸϢڡԿŷҹ״̬ûǺúûָһ£Ȼ֪˵طҲûȥҡ
ŷҹͷģзִ磡
˵ص˴
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һСʱǰ͸֧ѵû赹ȥȻĵҩԼĪôҲһһҹŶĹȻܳԼǰȻȴܸоκ˵״̬°򵹣һ׵顣
ŷǲΪ̲סһ䡣
׶Էʲô˼Ҳֻҡͷˡ
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ȻԾڽѾɷı˵ģú⽣ˡ
ҡͷֻ˵Ҳ͸ԺʾؿЦһŷҹɲ⣬Ƴ񲡵ķȫˣԨҲһ㣬֪ˣȴɻˣܼƾԺ飬ܶٿȱˣ
θˣû뵽Զŷҹôߡ
ƾһ飬鶼صˣҲΪ׵С飬ȫǰϣؾĸ֣֮ϻе飬ǶһЩǰΪǾ۷벽ƽһ
Ƿһţһ˽ѲԨκһ㱨ûĳȥ
뿪ҲûٷȥնԷȥ
ʱŷҹѾ褵ķɶţǿŷҹʱҲ΢΢һ£ȻʲôҲû˵ͳȥˡ
˵֮ǰŷҹЩɼĻ˸ղΪ˾褣ŷҹƴӣҲûʲô˵ġ
֪Լı£ոǿԦ룬۸ʹﲻӦеҪԭԻһҲŲȥôˡ
ģҵŮˣŷҹ˵
һ죬⽣Ѿϣһܽһ·ʱѿ¶մȾѪۣȴԵðϸ۵ļֻڽ˵ΧЩطѾʼڣɢšֻҪⷶΧ࣬ϾҲûܾˡ
뵽Ψһһֿܰ褾ѵİ취ԼѶԷڵĶȫ
аɷϣһĽûа취Ķ褵ˣԼھˡ
֮ǰʤа˵ǱܵأѾֶȻһĶҪķһЩǱһĹߣҪǿ̫ˡ
һλãټʤааɷ֮͵ȲŷҹʩչʲôԦѾˣ褵ҲȽ⣬ڵĽ֮ѾŨ൱ĳ̶ȣҪΣɷڵɢٶȶܵӰ죬ŷҹлԦַƶɷ
ֻŷҹѾ͸ٰ֧аɷԼڣҲһðյ飬һһСģ˺ܿһ𶾷
ʱŷҹҲûбѡֻ褻һھתػ껨Ѷоתػ껨ҲȲ
ֺ⽣ջشָһһƿҩ
ŷҹ֮Ϊ˷ֹԼٴĹȶ˫ɫƵĵҩظá
ԥﵹ¼ҩ裬ҲѸһѹ
ɶһֱ⣬˵һᣬŷҹȴһֱˡȵżʱű򿪣ŷҹ̧߳
褽ôɶ֪ŷҹ϶ڽһ취褡
ûˣŷҹػش
ɶʲôֻԷһΣѾڵϡ
ι㲻˵û¶𣿡ɶͷ褵Ĵǰϣֻʣһˤҩƿ
ٻͷŷҹʱΪԼۻˣһ۾֮󣬲ŷġ
һͷɫôǰɺתףһƣתۼ䣬ŷҹͷڷѾ˻׵ӡ

ɶ˵һҹͷģҲûмôİɣ
ĶѾ˴ңرƾˣȫҲƵ
ŷҹ״Ҳʱɵۡ
ô߾㲻ܳϣٱһҪһЩʮ궼˵ģһ̬ûСŷҹȻڶ̶ʱڣͷףѵ
һֲõԤУȷʱҲû
ֻһۣ̾˿ŷֵĳЩطǺķ˲ٵԪ
һɷͬСɡ
ȼԪطǿɲͨģŷҹôһɢôģ
ⲻĵ⣬ĵǣŷҹôһţΪȼԪˣʵ̫ϧˡ


131 ʮԪ
ŷҹʱѾ֮۾ĵһˣԡ
ŷֵܣˣԴվ
ŷҹ΢΢һüͷƺǲŻ֮ǰ顣
һЩҴȥһˡԿŷҹһۣȻתҪȥͻȻֻͷ֪ȼ˶ٵԪ
ࡣŷҹʱ鷴˲٣ʮҡ
˵࣬Ա˿Ǻûһ
ʮꣿ꣬㻹ٶһ𣿾ǹߣмʮꣿ
ǳ鴤һ£վû˵ʲôܰʮԪһ¶ļһ⻹ͷһؿͷҲص߳䣬ȶ̬ܲŷҹִ̼پϧ
Ȼ̣һ꣬žԵãпһͻƣǾһءһʧʮ꣬ŷҹ߹Ŀ࿴֮ţ˭ܱ֤˵һܽ
ʱŷҹŷַѾһˣѩʱֻ۾Ǻģó֪ǿ˶ٴˡ
ŷҹҲûٶ˵ʲôֻǳֱۡ
ѩ鳲һͶ뵽ԷĻӵس
ոŷҹĻҲ˵ģʮΪ˭ȥʧģѩ֪ŷҹɣԼȴܲۡ
Ǻǣˣⲻûôŷҹ߰ο߲ʵ
ܿѩͨض㵽˴ߣԼôģȴ
ϴε飬˺ѾûдǰָĤҪΪﶼŹ˼ɵԭ򣬾߳һҲ㲻ʲôɱϾѩҪɬһЩֱĵʱ򣬷Խ˼ˡ
ҿҪȥһʱ䡣ŷҹͻȻ˵
ţ֪ѩûԭΪҲ֪ŷҹҪΪȥҩ
ûŷҹ˵ĹϵΪŷҹôֻҪûаԼ£ľͲı䡣
οԼһ֪ʲôʱߵͷˣȥֹŷҹȥܱŮ
Ҫ˶
֪ǳһ棬ⷺһɴ⣬ѩջǿڣȴͷֹס
ǺǣҸȥʮû⡣ŷҹǺһЦְѩڻ
ȻֻһЦѩûһ
Ϊķ˴Ķ½ԭһпŷҹһ궯ôѹƶѹƲȥ
ŷҹһܲˣҲ˲ʲôûˣɴƷζ
ȿȡ
һ
Ҳòظпһ£ˣȻʢҪٹ᲻Ļ֪˻᲻ֱӾ͡
ȻҲ˾ӣû˳룬⿪ʼ
ŷֵڸоô
ǷϻоҪǲãôôԾԼʵȫǾϻ
áԣŷҹϾģȷǲܾ㡣
Ǻǡ
ȻЦǼٵس鴤¡
ʮ¾ˣ㻹뾭Ϊڹİ
Է֣Լһôֱˣôһ죬ͻڶ︹أ
֮ǰ˵ȥһˣڷ㶯𣿡ʵ
תػ껨йأŷҹʡ
Դ󺹣ҪǸйصģͿܲˡ֪ܲƾ棬ж˶ԼΪٵģ˶⡣
ʵϣǵЩϼһҲȫˣ˵һҫһ١
ɹؼҫŷҹܸͲϡһһʵˣ˵رҪЩģֱӾ˵ֻҪǰѽ˼˵ˣǱ˼ŴĽİǰаٵ˼ٿˡ
Ҫ˵˽ֲãܺޱΪԨ֢߾Ľܿóһ
Ҳ֪ǲǸתػ껨йأ˺棬мˣûпֶصġԿŷҹһۣûжκ㣬ǵһˣ
ΪŷҹȥǺ׵飬Ϊ˭ܾ¶ȴ֪˵øһ㣬ŷҹܾܾ
תػ껨˵ôԣΪʱǸҲûô˵һŷҹʧԣһõԷΣǿɾˡŷҹֿܸNλᣬŶȵˡ
Ǿ߰ɣŷҹŲµһЩʲôžߵĿɣҾȥ
Ե۾Ȼһ£漴滺
Ҫ֪ŷҹҲв˰ȫĴڣҪģ¸ղһͻᶯˡ
ʵû뵽ŷҹƾ仰жϳ
ôԾڴ򲻹㣬ҵҪָܻڵҸһոϢĹûʲôһƾܰѴǽȥҶ˵ҲûʲôΣաŷҹǸоԵĽ䱸
ӵֵԲ˼ˣ󺺺еҪһ£ˬҲûȥʾһЦ̫СˣԲס
仰Ȼ򵥣ܴݵ˵ŷҹ൱ͶԷġ
Ϊŷҹɥʧ˳һ׼õԽҰ
ŷҹϳں󣬿һ۸ǰĸ룬ʹȫյӣɺǺЦһ¡
ŷֵܲý⣬ǳڰȫҪһˡǸһЦ
ǺǡŷҹҲһЦ˵ûð
һ㷽кõˣھһЩӵĵκתȦ֮ں޲£ߵλҲжϲĵصĶһˣǿҪѶԸŷҹʶˣ͸ǰһ
ߵʶһɨȫһ
ڵǸЦ
ǶԷ˵ģҪһŷҹҲԷЩ
һСʱ֮ŷҹҪ˯ŵʱյǰźţʾ³ˡ
ŷҹ̧ͷ˯ۣƺЩδĸоʮףһֻӥɱɡ
һûκγɣѷɵѾ򿪳ŵ˲һԾȻʮ׵ĵطһֻɫëӥ
ˢˢ
Ϊ˱ѷɵһ˦һۣһи
ӥеֻ֮˼£ӿֱֱѪ
ſŷҹһɻԷôģ⳵Ǿ͸ģһѯֻӥ⣬ֻһֻͨӥȻֵŷҹɱǾ˵Ѿﶢˡ


132 µĲʮָ
ֻݹƣƸϽ׹йϵŷҹ͵
׹ţ˵Ѿһ⡣
ѾǾصĸ֣йǿ߳ΧҲűܵĸӦֹȴܸӦġ仰˵ǿˣҲ̫⡣
ԲûŷҹôֵģϾÿ߶ԼĶܣѯЩǻ˹ءͬʱҲ֪ôµڣûаѶĿ߰ѣŷҹҲûù
Ӧ֪طֻݹ͵Ǹģҿνʱ򣬱Ƕˣһĵ·Ӧûû̽ãҪȻҲͲˡŷҹ
Եͷ
·ߵ£ǵµĲʮָӣҵڣҲδؾ˳ͨµͨҲͨ񣬷ǽµˣᱩ¶Ƶǰıϡ
ûΣ˰ɣοʼѯŷҹŶԷֶΣⷽԼߡ
ҵĸ֪ΧѾûˡŷҹͷ
߰ɡ³ŷҹǰ
Ҫ𣿡ŷҹʡ
ȿȡԶʱΣˣǸƾʡڲɡ
ɸƨ㿴ñҶס
˴ʱһƬͨĴòһƾɵķӣӸελðڴ򿪡
ŷҹЩ˻СģڲһͨȴǼٵģͨڵı߲ϡһߵҲ֪Լһʼʱͱƭˡ
֮ͨŷҹǷ֣ԹҲЩȫǰа˱仯ɣеİһ˽ˣҪ
ǿĸֵ׼һһյ˵Ҳûжʤ㡣ǸίҵҲһֵ˺ȥǰƾ̫ˡ
˵ǰԼҪԸˣ̫ˡ
ŷҹҲòϣԷУԼҲкܶ࿴ĵطȻоһʱ䣬ҲסڶԵе£Իȳһ
ƾ˰ѵûз۵Ĺ󷨣ӵ̶ֳȣһѾǷ켫ĵزˡ
㲻һȺĸ֣Ҳһµ˵ĵزֲ˶뾡һа취ɱΪĴڣǶκһĵжԹҵجΡ
ͺһ㣬ȻǶߣΪߵǣȴŸӿµɱ
ŷҹԴһֱԼһ˹µǰУʦֻǰѼ꣬ȴû˿ָ㣬Զǿߣ˼ְݻ˼
һ·ʶɨŷҹҲ˽һЩڵǸ䣬ֻһҶнĿܣֻÿһڣѡ߷ͬûɣ߲ĵطҲһǿԲϱ仯ģҵ֮Ŀԣֱ΢΢һһߣһƵȫ
ŷСѽɣ
ŷҹһĳĻ߳ʱǿڣķѾһϵ
˶һۣŷҹֱǰȥ
ذǼӲʯŲȥÿһɱ档ŷҹɨ˿ΧһУȥͨ涼ǿյģûװ޹Ŀշӣʶȴܷ֣ҲŲĵطһһŷҹҲо̫Ϣ˵ΪҪԸһЩѾ鳤ƾˡ
ǱȽûҪðŷҹЦЩҪ˵Ķ˵ֱǲ̵ơ
ɣ
߽һŹӵŸͨߣûд˵ƮݵȣҲûڽ˿ȥһ߶һģп̵°ƣͷѾȫף뱻εúܸɾΨһ˵۾ʮƽѾûǣȻˮһ͸
ŷҹɨһмΨһһŵӣߵǰ¡
Ҳµͬʱüͷ΢΢һ£˵ϣŵһζǸͲñŵģǸĸоȴǿңڲ࿴˼ۡ
оˣͻȻЦˡ
ŷҹŵüͷø΢΢˵ͷǣҲȷ
ĸоûд̾˿ҵȷӣ
ŷҹ˵ͷܲµ󷨣Ǽ͸쵽һ˵ܲԼڣⲢʲôֵ顣
Ҳ䣬ҲûʣƾΨһһûΪȴƾˡ˲ûΪ֮ǰһ仰Ӱֻ̾һ֮󣬾ͻָƽҵѾ겻ãҲգںܶ˶ҽӣҲôƺҡ
ӣ
ŷҹͷ΢һ£ֲܵұ¹ϵģ´ӹһֶùˣһ㿴˾Ǹ֮ɡ
ǰ֪ʲôҪԸŷҹżֹ˵
Դӵõ˽ŵĴκ͡κελˣû˹Ŀ˵ŷҹȴˣֵأһߣ̫ΣԼõˮڽ˵Ҳһֵ𾴵ǰ
ԸҵӵЦһͷ֪Լ̫Ҳ֪ܲȥԲŶ󡣡
ŷҹٴüƾ˵ţǱӦò£ʤȴҪǫҲ󲻵ġ
˵ŷҹȻֵþأҲʲô鶼һڴӦġ
תػ껨ѾռɽҲµòӦɽ֮УܲõÿĻԵˣ㣬ȴ㲻û̾˵Լ󣬷˵ŷҹĵ顣
лŷҹ˵ллȴǰһ˵ӡ
֪֮԰ϢǰǲΪԷϢҪЮ
Ǻǣ˵һˣҵλáЦһĿⶸȻøƺǳڴŷҹĻش𣬡֣һֱƾȥ˶ΪԶҲ֪ûȤ
ûУŷҹʮʹػؾ
ȻԷոոһǳҪҲǳҪõϢԼҪʲôԷҪûа취Ӧ˵ŵҲͳŵʦӦҪһԼ֪ߵһôȥһӵĳŵ
ȡƺ֮УֻǿЦؿһȻˣʵˣϡӵţҲգⶼǻԵûа취ǿպƾ˵ֻˣƾ
ŷҹüëһ£ǰ㵽ʲô𣿡
ûУǺǡҡͷЦ
Ź֣ŷҹԷ񶨣һٸţ˼ҼȻԸ˵Ҳܰ͸˿


133 ԩͷծ
Ǿ͵ʱɣŷҹҲЦЦ
ӣ
֪ŷҹӣ϶ϲҪЮǰѾתػ껨Ϣ˵һǴԷĹǣڳԼҪЮ̬һҲ׼ŷҹƷԣԽͼˣһر
˭뵽С֥ҲҪƽһ£Լոһӣͱ˸ˣɿЦҪСӽӵλӣ֪жƾĴ̶ͷÿ޵ء
ѧҵ֮֮ţô۵
һֱˣҵ츳û뵽ҲһŷҹǺЦ
ԸһҲֻˣƾһʥ֯ĳԱҲˣһҲԼɺ˽ģгһգʲô˸㷢˳ͻϣֻ㵽ϣҪǣƾֻҪһһ죬ֻҪҵĴлһ죬ұ֤ƾΪУ
֤ʵ̫ŷҹڶԷô
˵¶ŷҹûȥô׳յ⣬ΪӣȻ˵һ˵仰ʸ
ƾϾڻģǻֱ߸ؼ֯һԼΪأ
ŷҹֻһתףԷûпǵֿԣ׼Լѡ
ԩͷծģֱһеġŷҹͷǰӦ
ãס仰ͺáڵͷЦˡ
ŷҹˣĳŵӦģ֮УŷҹѪϴ֣֮ӦþͿԱ˰ɣ
ôǾˣ
ĲҪҰæ𣿡ŷҹ˵Ҫһ¡
ˣһܳɹ͸ı䲻ˡ˵ԼʱԱղҪȻöࡣ
ŷҹƤӵ˼Ǵʲôط
˵֮ҲǵҪǺȴʧˣҲӦİ취ԡܲܳɹֻ֪ˡ
ίһΣ϶ҲǵõĳЩŻôеظϵԨҪô¶˳յĿģֻ¾ΪҪ̽ӵĶƻɡ
ҿɾ͸ˡŷҹ
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ҲƺͲµСӲһһӵƺһСӡ
ţ˵ʡһЩҪ鷳ֵݹ
ŷҹһۣСӡһıһ貰ǳӦƾı־ϣҲһ־дһ㡱֡
˰ɣһûҪƾŷҹЦЦ˻ȥ
ȴҡҡͷҪƾ֤ҲֻһݣȫƾԼҲҪƾκι׵ĿݣƣҶŵһرǴҸ˵㾡¡
ô˵ֻкôһøŷҹذ˹һʧڴָֶҪײҪĸˣ
ŷҹһ֣漴߳䡣
ˣԿŷҹȥҲûжʱ䣬Ȼôͳˣе⡣
߰ɣһҪϿȥ£ŷҹɴشߴš
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㿴ôתͷʵ
Ϣķ˴ԭССͻƵؾ磬һɢޣȷǲףͨ˵ȷ㹻ǿˡŷҹʧķһۣƺҪ˵Щ£Ϊɣ
ڣЦЦЦʮأϤ̲סüͷ֪˶೤ʱ䣿
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ǲܣȻȻĲǹ䣬Ҳ֪Ҫ죬ٶҪʱ䣬ĸ£˰
û˰Ҳ֪ٸƾ鱨˵һ񲡶ĵʱŷҹľ磬̶̼죬Ѿﵽ۷壬Ǵһֱ𣿡λһڲ衣
üͷһţȻǲܵģôԱ˳ŵĸ֣ԼأҰѹһСӣһ쵽̶ֳȣƺӲ˼顣
̶һò˼ʱ䣬˵Щ¶ֻǶһָͷˡ˵ʱҲһ˿ǡ
˵Ļһֱŵ飬Ҳ˼ɶ
ΪģΪӴûдûһϻôľĵ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷƾһ٣Ҳ󳢲ƾԡĻһˣֱŷҹѾ֮⣬ܿĺۼѾǽ߾ȫˡ
˵һغɱ
Ҫ˵˵һӵһеĲ豭䣬ˮϣ·ϣȴ˿ȥܣһжԵɣҲԵΪңΪ㣡
ͷϵϢҲ
ŷҹѩ˸𣬶һ˿ųר̵￴һ褡
ķʮųװаɷȻðգʱҲεѡ
ԭΪһƿǿ֧ŵ֪Լ͸֧֮ûĻжҪʱҵôһȼķ˶Ѿòˡ
ȼطҲž޴ȱݣȷ˵ŷҹڵûȫָȻʶ֮Ϊ൱һոսϢĳ̶ȣٻſָܻ۷塣
ԭһֱŷҹЩɼɶٴοʱҲԭֲõ̬ȡǹߣҲ֪ŷҹΪ˾褣űͷ԰ͷĽ˵֮ʲôϵŷҹѾˡ
򵥵ؿһۻڻԵе褣ŷҹ֪ȻаɷȥˣҪתҪεĿ꣬ת껨
ҲǵʱŷҹһʱҪҩϵԭⱾƲȥһаɷҲһҪ
ɶһڵעöԷ£ŷҹתͳ˴á
Ҫϳʱ򣬾ͿĪ֨һǰ
ҪһȥŷҹʲôѾ̬ȡ
Һû㡣ŷҹҡҡͷĪȻʲôŮӣҲǿ̫࣬˵ҿɲȥȼ١


134 ҿ
Ī˶Էһۣȥȼ٣ҲøһȥˣһԭΪңҵʱûߣһЩá
ûйϵ㲻Ҳ𣿡ŷҹɲһƿڵ㣬Լ֪ܲչ˵ȫϾǿɲһʥأһյĵط
ʵԼܳȥġĪҧҧʵ˵ҾǸͲҪô˱û˻ȥϮԡ
ŷҹüͷתȴɿĪû뿪ǽҲδؾܺõĶȥ
־صĸ˵һĪһĪ𼸺ǿԺԲƵġ
ŷҹûȥ뷨ҲûٶֻͣǰѰѳһ£ʹһ׼
ȳ٣ŷҹԼĶ֡ǴǰûеõеʱĳҲһģοʶĳרҵĳֶ˿ǸаѶȵĶ˦ĪֻСһ
ǻĳӳȥĪѾһŷҹ׵ض棬Ҫȥֱֻײȥ
вŷҹҲЩ
ͬٸߵĳҲܷɳȥɡ
ҩĪȴһҲ㲻ȥҲȥ
вŷҹӳذѳŹϣȻһԾ֮
㲻ϲ𣿳ҲҪˣѵһ
ɿŷҹЩˡ
ʱ·˶Ѿע⵽ͣеŹ֣׷ͶĿ˻˽һһŮ֮ʲô¡
ŷҹҲ֪ΰĹЩĴͳǿرٹʮӣЩܰĪ˴ӳڵľԲԳ
ϳŷҹ
Ƥ񣬿ҲԸⱻΧŵ
ͬˣĪһϲ
ȥͰѳŲŷҹ˵һ䡣
ãĪɿֱۣϳӰͨÿ
ŷҹϳȻһţӾͷ˳ȥ
ĪԼٶȣӳһңҲƵܹȥѱԼһӵ˳ȻӾȥ
Ҿ˵ŷҽŷҽôǰ

åĪϳһߴϢţһ߽һ䡣
ŷҹһüë˭߹㣬Ҫȥɽģ
һ°Īҭòᣬòӵһ㲻ȥɽҩ𣿵ϡôݵġ
ûǻȥӣŷҹƲһ졣
꣬Ӷˡ
ߣʲô˵ģƫҪȥΪҵĹǿһͿԿңһǿĪ
ŷҹֳִ󽣣ɨ˷ӣһ죬еԶ
·̲Զֻǵļʮûа취룬ֻ³С
ʱĪһҵʱȴеˡ
׼ĶȥɽװЩõģҲ֪ôʵ̫أˣ͵ȫ˷ˡ֪һҪõĶʱǿɸô졣
Űɡŷҹڵˡ
ĪȻ֪źˣôıңܸŷҹŹ֡
ŷҹﲻ֪Σһ̶̽˴ָ
֮ǰҲ׼˲ٵĶ԰ǿɷʯͷŲ˳ȥȻǷŲ̫ණ
ĪѾŷҹѾڽûеεĸ󣬶ԼĶƭ˵ħ֮ģǰ˼⡣
ʲôģջûѹסԼĺġ
֪Ϊʦ˵һ㡣ŷҹЦ
ŮûдͽܣЩڹִ̫ʺϽŵķ
УĪȻԲмػӦ
װһ·ߵõǺܿ졣ĪȻǸŮӣҲŷҹʱ˵ƴһ൱
ֱ˶о۵ʱͣϢΧһƬȫӲľһԽԽĵطа˵᳤ɲݵӣ
⵽ҪȥĶǰû·Ӳ֡ĪԼСȣЩŷҹ·ˣֹطʲôҩģ
ֹطŻҩŷҹǺĵ˵ҪҵһζҪҩģǾתػ껨ܴקҩȻںʲôطʲôطܴڣҵֻܿԵ
ĪƲƲ죬ѾԤ˳϶ǰ׷ˣʱôżظ֪ȥһЩ֪ҽء
˵øӰһֶҵǲŽмˡ
תػ껨ɫ죬ֳɾŰ꣬ÿһ϶оŵ·ֻֻǳСԳκεطԶԼһ޶ҲҲһ⡣ŷҹȴǺĸĪ
㡭˵ģĪŷҹҪƭ˵Ļƭһ¾ͺˣôģȥùɣʱľˡ
Ȼģŷҹһò˵ô඼ǰ˵ˣУֳɫŰĻ꣬һҪȸң㲻Ҫȥժ
Ϊʲôŷҹ˵꣬ĪЩˡ
Ϊղ˵ģֻԶһ㲻ᱻͨҵǲһᱻ޷֣תػ껨ػĻҲǳ鷳ǺöԸġŷҹ͵


135 ûϵǹ
ûϵǹĪǹŵ˵
ϻҲڵһʱһǹͷǹǾֵһġ
Ī쭣ŷҹҲæɲסԼĻȿȡǺܴŶܱǹģ㲻ˡ
ںһѣֱӱˡ
ãЪЪ߰ɡŷҹԷɫƣ̾Ҫ·
Ī棬ʲôЪûУŸոʮ룿
Ůִ֣Լ۵УȴǲϷ䣬֪ŷҹΪӲҪһΪ˵ŷҹȲϣǲ֤ԼⱲ׷ŷҹĽŲ
ãҶ۵첻ˡ
Īһ⻰̾Ҫ˳⻰̨ףȻˣչһ£Ъɡ
Ϊһҵתػ껨һѧϰ֣־ʤŷҹĪһȭ͵Ķ
ҼͷĪĺޣʲô˼˼Һò𾢶ߣ˵ԼˣøոҪһЪ˵Ҫ֣ҲٲһҲĥһ
һ·ߵʮ˵õʮĪоԼǧԶѾˣûеͷӡ
ĪﶼҪԼ
ŷҹЦһȻˣʶڣĪȻúܡһҲⰲţĥĥŮӣʡоԼʲôԣȴƾո²ٵ鷳
ߣǾЪЪɣ鷳ĪﻶһȴԹŷҹ̫һ
ֻǰ֦£Ҳڵʱȴеأʵװȥˡ
ţķ̫๦ȷ̫˵ŷҹҲϣֱӵƿˮȥ
ĪĶٶ˵ʲôһץȥڴںͿʵòˣϧʱΪ˷㣬еʶŷҹĴָţֲԸ⿪ȥҪֻԼš
ĪûӦһתͷʱŷҹѾԶ
۵òˣ
һʱ󶼱˴ںˮҪƿӶȥһĪѾ֪ԼִҪŹƺİﲻʲôæһŷҹ˲ٵ鷳
۵Ļŷҹһ·ܻߵø졣˵׼棬Ī̸ʲôˡΪŷҹʲôҲûɺ֪ŷҹĶϷһٶܲص˭֪жٵĶڲţ
˵ӿʼڣ׼ЩװƺûʲôóǸԼܣָŷҹ鷳ˡ
һ򽾰ʲôԼȱ˲ǲ˲ıĪʱҲ˼ԼǲôΪˡ
Ϣһɡŷҹֻȥ˼ӣѾԭأѱҴӴָ˳ǰѾûʲôϢĵطѾĿĵأֻǰ·ߣԽͺúϢһ£˾ý󡣡
ŷҹĪȻԣһԼˣԼĴģҲøº·ϣһ㣬ܱǸ
ǺǣʵҲûʲôŷҹ̯һ֣ϴĺӣǱȽϿݵģҲ֪תػ껨ʲôطֻһң˵ҵĻһЩ
˵Ժ·ϣҲܰһæô˵ûаˣĪһϲҲǸο
ţȻŷҹ΢΢һػظҪҲ鲻ͻȥ
ĹĵĪûθˣŷҹѿܲĿóʱǱζöֱ졣
ָ漸յ״̬ûа취ػǶʳ˵ȴ棬ʱ䳤һЩҲʣŷҹֱӴ˲ٵĺз棬ҲʡҪԸ
ŷҹֻǰѷȰһ˼ûСҪһ£ԷԼĲãӣҲԼׯ󣬴ڴ񷹺ľŷҹҪͷȥһ
ŷҹǲôΧתһȦ֮Ϣ
Է߿һۣȻСسԶȥŷҹֶԷֻҪһʱ̺ʶذʶջɲ뵱һ͵
ԼĪӣĪѾٴλصȻûй󹦷򣬾һ˯Źȥ
ŷҹЩǣĪʱ򣬾ȻһŮӻǽȥһ£°ԼѬˣҹҪˮ
һҹȻôƽضȹˣŷҹое벻ϾǺ£Ҳûһ̾⡣
ɽ󣬴Ҳһܸ˴˵ĵطٴǰﵹùˣ϶١
Ͽɽûʲôû˵ʲôرֵĵطƬ󣬽֮󲻵·ңҪʱ̷治֪ٵĲ֪档䲻ҧһڣ˾ԶҲ߲ȥˡ
ŷҹȻ׼˲ٵҩƷǾҲ˵ٷְٵĶԤˡҲĪǺǷ뷨
һĪһͬ⣬ҲδؾͰȫȻѾɽ󣬻ԼߺӦһЩҪûа취Ӷ߳ˣĪȴҲˣǸһ鷳
ֻŮ۾ʱʱֵĹâҲ֪ЩʲôԴŷҹҲȥ֪ڵĵ֮ǽڣҵҪľתػ껨
ǲĵرŷҹûлɹӿɲǰ׽еģȻ˵ڣһۿ۶ûиǾתػ껨ͰٷְɽͿԼܲҵˡ


136 תػ껨
ʰһ򵥳˵㶫׼ˡ
ŷ硣ĪͻȻӳĬпˣϷһ껨˵еֻǵʱ̫ڣҿɫζĺ㣬Ļûߵ̫ǰҪҪȥһۣ
Ŷŷҹ˲ûʮָˣ
ǲŸոսӽ˵õĳ̶ȣתػ껨ġҪô׾͵õͱ˸ժˡ
һȥŷҹȻǿһɣǲܷ˿Ŀܡ
Īŷҹߵķȥֻŷҹֵǣֻȥ˼ӣʱȴʮӡ
ŷҹüͷѾЩŹ֣һӽѾˡ
ﰵ裬ǽŲȴǸĪһҷɡԱߵĪǺɣû˿ѹ
Ƕ仨ǲҪҵľתػ껨Ī˷ָܵǰһʢú޵Ļ
ãŷҹһʱ侹Ȼ˦һסԼĪĿڱǡ
ΪڶΧǷïӲľŷҹ֣һֱûе㣬һΣȴֱӶ˦ˡ
šĪһû뵽ŷҹôķӦǾȴŷҹһ˻ȥ
׻ƵĶ仨Ѿ˲ͣһ֮ŷҹɿĪ
գ΢΢һƺǶ껨ܼɵһ
ǲǾתػ껨ΪʲôôµӣĪЩ˵
㲻ǣҲڸôţʲôˮһ˰
ǿɲǾתػ껨Ǿħʻŷҹתͷ֣صؿѾ˵ˣתػ껨ǳɫŰ껨䣬һ׻ƵĻ䣬Ϊʲô㻹ϴ
ʲôǡĪ̱⡣
ǳɫĶԲԣǲģ㿴ֻԼĻ󡣡ŷҹ˵꣬Ѿˣħʻ˲þֻþܰһͨĲݿκĶõоʲôһֻ֮þǺҪģԶҲ֪Լʲôľ
߰ɣǻǷ֮ԶһĻþֻܳһʱ䣬һСʱ֮ӦþͲٳʲôþˡŷҹ˵ߵ
ĪοɲһߣŷҹĲƬȥ
Žµ·ԽԽߣеĵطûʲô·ֻ̽ŴһЩȽϰȫĵط߹ĪȻ̫ں·Ū࣬ҲԽԽģǾô߹ȥ߻
ŷҹûֵģӸ˵ת껨ɽĵطΪֵܳĵطӦľͷɽӽɽ¡
ɽҲνƬ˵ɽķΧǴСˣΣҲҪСö࣬ٲõλŮʱ̻
쿴ʲôĪϲطǰһһƬյأЪŵĺõطŸոոһ£̾ͿƬյӲݴһò֪СϽŰĹӣСӲ࣬ʱҿϴεĽѵɻء
ףŷҹǹӣȴû֮ǰǴż־ϲû뵽ֵط
ǸûΣ𣿡Īæʵ
ûУûΣգ춼óԷˡŷҹЦЦղŵ¶Ī˽ѵ
һ죿Īȵɴû˵ôˮǵҪṩٵӪܴﵽ
ӪŷҹЦһ£ҿɲ֪ˣ֪ľⶫܳԣΪ˱ǻǰȥɣڻʳ
ֹӽٹȹƱٹȵԭϣһűٹȵٶ˰¶ԷֱӳֹӵĻЧҪö࣬Ҳ첻
ֻҪûΣվͺáĪҪͣȥģǶûʲôҪԼֲóԲϷʲô첻첻ģҲô⡣
˺ܿ͵ƬĿյϣŷҹһɫѾ磬סˣǰĻʶΧ֮ڣƺҲûʺϵĵطˡ
㰡ϵƣͣĪʼע⵽ӳɢһ΢Ʈɢ
ǹһøҲûУеССų⣬ɴʱһŵôŨ˲εȴӹֱС
ǺǣȻԵĻͳ԰ɡŷҹѾŪҲߵժһڱӱţȷǺ㣬ǺܺóԵӡ
ҲֻǴӼҵڱٹȹһЩϣĳҲûС
ŷҹ϶ܳԣĪæҲժһö΢΢Ĺӣ·ϲһ£ſڱҧȥ
ǴǰֹĪ϶ҪˮúϴһٳԵģ֮ϰѾԽԽˡ
һȫûһɾĵط˵Ȼŷҹû˵˶ˮҲõˮԴ£ɲӦðѴˮ˷ˡ
𣡡Īֻҧһڣ̾޲ڡ
֭˿˾÷壬Թ֮ﶼ˳ųθȥʱ򣬶оԵˬĸоǰûгζ
óԾͶԵĥȥִֵĪŷҹмֿɰġ
šѾ̲סĪ̾ͷԼѾûбֹ󣬼ھܳԵһӡ
ƺŷҹ˵ٹȹֻҪһöܱ첻Ĵⶫˡ
ǺǣûϵϲԵˣֻǱٹȹﻹвٶԡŷҹȻЦ
Īĺ˼ٽųԣæѹժɷ˵Ƶŷҹ
Է۰Ͱ͵ԼŷҹоҪǲԵĻѿˣҲſڰʣµٹȹȥ
һ˵˭ҲҪٳԷˣһ£صϢ
һҹƺ˯øⰲȣŷҹʱֻ峿ԼĴǰˬζ춼Ҫ˵ӡ
ӴһԾ𣬿ķ䣬ŷҹܾﲻԣòʲôһʱ֮ȴô벻ˡ


137 պı
ŶŶҡϡŷҹѸٵطתš
ѾˣĪǰ죬ҵȫְ̫̫
ļˮһӿŷҹ˶ݵش͡
ϹôˣĪŷҹӣŵǰס
û¡ŷҹҡҡͷ΢΢һЦǿ߰ɣǺǣӣû˯ӡ
ߣ˭졭Ī΢΢ţʹôš
𣿡ŷҹǺһЦĪڻѲţ춼ʹˣԭһ£
²סɽɽϷ羰ôãÿԿҹŷҹȴٺЦŰο
ɽôôϤȴǵأŷҹﰵ֣ڵһж̫ˣƫƫһͷҲ
סɽϣǶˣûùݵģĪҡͷ
ˣ㲻Ǻպı𣿡ŷҹ̼
˭˵ˣססϻҲȳ㡣ĪЦͻȻһŷҹıϣˣ߲
ң㲻ۣŷҹ
ȻᰡĪգ۾Ц⣬һ۵ܵԶԶġ

˱Цɽȥ·Ķɽǣֻһֱɽš
Ҫɽסϻ᲻䣿
ɽʱɫѾ΢ĪЩĵؿŷҹ
İɣĻҾͱ㡣ŷҹſĪס
ǳţѵõɫ
Ȼϰϰȴ˿ú䣬ֻǱ˴˼øӽһЩ
Ȼ´һ춯ɽͷھҵػζš
˽²ȣʱöᡣ
ϹĪͻȻһ˸ŵʯͷݶȥæغŷҹ
£㣡ŷҹ˲ɽͷڻζţҷĪֵݸң
Ī̽Ű˹ȥ˵ָŸոմһͻȻһ˶׷ɵ˿Уײײشɽˤ
Ҳ֪˶ãʱѾ˿ڣڶ̫ء
ֻĪ̧ͷΧʱҲãҪȻͲˤˣôȥ
ɵˣҪ㲻ڣҲһҪ𣿡ŷҹŵΣΧƺֻһͨϵĻ̫ϲȥǻϢһ°ɣҳȥ·
ĪҪӦͻȻһ㵽ŷҹָŲԶ̹⣬˵ǡǡ
ŷҹͷȥʱҲͷһݡ
ǣ
ֻһͷǵĻǻӵϣǾĪ˵˲䣬̹һԽһԵظֳȻʮͷǡ
죬ܣŷҹһѽĪƳȥķܡ
ҲĪȻ£ȴִⶼԼߡ
ǶҪŷҹŭ⡣
û˵꣬ѾȺ˹ȥȻ֪ԼôܲĪߣĻĪٷ֮һûа취
ЩȺ⿿ԼĻ춼ġ
ء
Ⱥƽһһһŷҹ
ɱŷҹԥһȭ˳ȥ
һȻ׼ȷڴһͷǵĲϣͷǾȻһȭ÷˻ȥ
ҾȻôŷҹһϲǽžͱȺΧ
ȻԼܴ󣬵׻˵úãûҲܲסȺǣЩΧ涼צһʱһ˺ۡ
ŷҹѾԼһȻսţЩǰעƵĪϡ
ԣĪôˣ
ŷҹĿ⳯ķȥʱ򣬶ʱ۾Ҫ
ͷΧĪ˹ȥԷѾŵ˵ϡ
ŷҹҲ˲ΧЩǵ˺ҧŤͷҪسĪȥ
ٶȾȻÿ죬Ȼϵͷ֮ǰĪǰ档
顭
ƵУһͷǱȭͷɡһͷȴһҧֱϣôҲѲ
㣡
һֱµҪĪͻȻþһʯͷ˶ǵͷϡ
ͷһҵѪģص˵ϡʱȺѾ
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ҲҪһ𣡡ĪȴرŷҹôҲ֡
ãǾһ𡣡ŷҹͷݺݵĪһڣԼ󣬡Ϲ֮ǰһ˵㣡
ϹĪŴӱסŷҹ
ŷҹʱѾһͷĿһѵܰЩǶɱ˵ĵ
ȺѾǰŷҹȻĪһպͨխĲֻ֣ҪȺ͹
ˡ
ŷҹ·ʲô죬ûзӦʱѾһѵ
ϸ˵һѽһѾ˵Ķ̽
ɱ
ŷҹɲѽǲǶϵģѽǴĶðôԼϣֻҪܰԼǰȺȫɱǾ㹻ˣ
һѶ̽ǳǣȫһն룬תۼ䣬ѪѾɽͨȾѪɫ
ʮͷǣѾ˴룬ʣµĶƺҲʶ˺£ٴΡءһֻεȴǳηƽУ֮źɢӶȥ
ŷҹݣЩȺɱɾ˭֪һ᲻
ŶϽǰҪ׷ǲһһΣһͷĿѣͨ͵˵ϣʧȥ֪
ϹĪæ˹ȥŷҹ
ʱŷҹֻصķĪճյڴǰ˯
ոҪһ£Ī̾˹ϹˣҪˣ
Ķŷҹɻʵ
ȻڼˡĪæͣȥ֮Ǿͱ˾ֻһֱԲѣҶҪˣھúһЩ𣿡
ŷҹԼһ˸һȺսȫ¶ˣһ˺öѪӦʧѪ赹ġ
һ£Լһ˿ڵӰӶһ֮󣬸оҲúá
ȫˣұȴǰҪáŷҹȭͷоȴǰ˺ܶࡣ
һĵطҲûУĪЩĵؿŷҹ
ţҪҪԿŷҹЦŴĪ
Īһ죬֪Է˵ʲô˼ͷ˶ԷţϹҪɣ
ε⣬ر뾡õһŷҹ˵İᾧ
ŷҹһ㶣漴ЦǿҪŬˣ


138 ¾֮
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ŷҹȻ̧ͷʲô
ʲô죿
ϹĪԹؿŶԷʱ䱻ϣһɨ˵
ǡŷҹؿһѶϽüͷ
ɱǵĽȻǶˣҾûбѽˣϹڻԵʱ򶼽ץţҾͰһ˻ĪȻЩԸҲǸߵǰ
סϤĸоһ꣬ĳһ
¾֮ɽѩã褡
Ѿ¾֮žŴ֮һؽ
ŷҹٴɨһۣΧһУǰĪѾԼĴˡ
һþ˵ڻþеһξĪһ뿪ħʻʱǾѾһ˻þ֮УֻŷҹûвǵʱȻ˾ħʻҩӰġ
þһʼʱ󲿷ֵĳʵģԽõĶԽ࣬ʹ־ˣûвԼһߵ˻þ
ǳԵЩٹȹûв´Ļ¸ǾħʻĹʵԴһǱ״þ֮еξ
һŷҹҲòϣڻþеξоҲ̫ʵһЩƾһ磬ȻһͻأĸоûС
Ϲ㲻Ҫң㵽ôˣǲﲻҪҪȥҽԺһ£Īŷҹı鼱ãҲŽ
ŷҹ۾΢΢һ£ĪԼӣξһ˵ģ˵ģ
һеŷҹȴ֪һħʴֱ̫ˡ
õĴмУͻ񾳵ĸ֣ɱǰĿ֮ڣԼûа취򣬾ͻһֱ˿˾˯ˣԶҲѲֲһ
־ᶨκγֻ֮ҪˣôͻҲʧȥ
ϹĪҡŷҹĸ첲۾תҲãΪˣղŻ
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ţĪɻؿŷҹ㲻һֱС𣿡
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Ī˱ľħʹξĳ̶ҲֻԼһ˴δؾĪѹĪһһӶѲ
ΣĪЩŷҹ˵ʲôЩΪʲô̼ʧˡ
ǵģȥɽȥҾתػ껨ȻһƬյϣ˵һ꿴źǱٹȹĶǶĹӣԲŻᵽξŷҹĵؽţҪĪǰ
ɽĪؿŷҹ
𣿡ŷҹϲΪҲһΡ
ֻҪԼξ취ξƣ˾һѳ
ϹļˡĪʱવǸոմɽôȥʲôػ껨Ҳã㲻ȥһҪȥҡ
ŷҹĪ޵滨꣬һΣ⻹ɸ¶ˡ
ͷٴοؽѽԼš
㿴ѽҴǰеģһͨı㿴𣿡ŷҹʾĪ
ؽܸһǰ¾֮Ǳξ֮УҲûиııɫѣԼôʶξ
ֻĪؽһۣĵȴŨˣϹʲôӣһ뿪ģһõҽƣǡھȥ
ŷҹ
ȻȥĪʲôҽԿҽڵ֮ҪĪһѣʶ
ɸôȥأ
ʶĹ̸һ飿ҲҪö˰
ңŷҹͻȻ֣صĪ˵ǰǾ㻹ǵôʶ𣿡
ǵðʱץˣȻæΪǸǸһģһĪЩĵؿŷҹ
ûŷҹٴˡ
ʶĹҲǴһܿʼģôǼǲʵĶˡ
ȻһŷҹٴζĪ˵վ𶯣ҵģ
ĪȻѹɻǲΥ˼ֻԭվ
ļǲ֮ǰΪ˾㣬ί߾սʱҲôһεġŷҹǲԼһΣǴĵġ
ǰ𣿡ĪҡҡͷоŷҹЩ˵
Ϊʲô˵ЩһԼһӡҲûأѵʧĲң
ŷҹҲЩĪʶʱҲ˵ĽǷǳޣӦôܰأ
㻹ǵΪȥҩ׼ңŷҹͻȻӦĪϤĶˣϾִʱĶ
ȻĪ˱֮ϵɫһ£Ҳֻһ˲䣬漴ͲŷҹﻹһЩϲ⡭Ϲôģħ𣿡
ŷҹᣬħ
ҲŪˣĪ̫ľħʹξԶԼҪʵöܱ࣬һĶ׵ػѼ䡣ټҲû棬ûԼôǿ־ѳ治һ׵顣
ξѾ˹ŷҹ˼ת֮ξҲܶʲôʵʵ˺ˡ
鷳ĪεĻֻһֱţԶҲȥ
ŷҹҲȷǼöħʹܵЧֶ֧ʱ䣬Ӳξǻ᲻ٱΡ
Īٳ˾ħʹ᲻ỹһЧմ˵ʵĳ̶˵Ҳǲܵġ
ھħ˲ԷһоܵˣһоۣеһжʵһĪٳ˾ħʹҲпٽξڵشȥ


139 һҪ⴫
ŷҹһͷԴӵõ֮󣬻ûͷ۵顣褱ѲĶʴʱȻüѣڼҲܾķ
ڽ˾ħʴ󣬵ôܰѳȥԼ֮˻ѣһṩ϶Ҳ
ϹΪʲô˵Ҷǲѵҵʧ𣿡ĪͻȻЩ־˵
£㲻ʧ䣬˵һ߳ȥŷҹֻڵģӦô߳ȥ
ֻҪʱ̵עţĪлԾħʹٹ죬Īˡ
ţ֪һǵϹĪ룬ص˵ͷŷҹＷ˼ֻŰȫһϹԶҲ뿪ҵģ𣿡
ŷҹͷŶԷϣֻõͷ
ҸոձݵĲħǷҪҪѧŷҹһ˵
ŵĹ⴫ҲȲѣҲĪѧ˽ľ֮󣬾ܹиĻỽԼҲһξﱣԼ
ððĪ˷ֽܵеֻҪϹ̵ģҶѧǰн̹𣿡
ûСŷҹ̹Ȼ˵
СĪһ죬ʾԼĲ
ĪҸ㽲Щһ֮ҲһҪ⴫ŷҹ
İɣϹ¡ĪͷЦ˵Ķ˵Ҳ˵ġ
ŷҹʼĪ⽣ľĪʣҲǿֱϢģֻҪϢֱӾؾľ硣
Ҳ֪ΪξĪԺãֻСʱĪѾһ˿޵Ϣŷҹ츳ˡ
ǲҵ̫ϹŵˣĪŷҹӣЦ
ȷǺ뵱ŷҹǵõ˼䴫Уֳ˲ٵҩĲһٵصģûЩĻҪϢһżͺѹġ
ŷҹȻĪȥҩҩһǾħʹأ
ʱķˣŷҹѾˣĴָﻹкܶʳЩﲻ޸ĵģóĪԣԲξﰲŵľħʹ
ҿЦĪסŷҹĲӣһڣϹ̵úãϹģ
ŷҹЦҪĻʹĪקȥˣҲ֪һΣֻ
ôأĪװ˼ӡ
ýˡŷҹҡҡͷúˡ
УһҪĪӡ
ǺðɣŷҹЦ
Ī۾գգ۾ȡ
ŷҹãȻ
հĪٴ
ŷҹֻñۣȴţҪʲôʱܹꡣ
ˣͣûĪŵӵ
ΪʲôңĪʡ
ҡ
ŷҹ棬ڵĶȱȱ¿֮Ͱβˣһһ嶯
ĪոǰһգæֳסԷļ򣺡𶯣Ī𣿡
ǰˣǰֱǿ鰡
ҵȻţĪ˵ʱȴЩ־ʲôƺѾԤеŷҹ˵Ļʲô˺һ
ŷҹһ£һָӳڣڸ㣬ʵֻһҲϹʵǡ
ҲҪҪƭңǲѾϲˣǲѾϲ˱ŮˣԸҡءĪƿŷҹֱۣڵϿ
ŷҹ̾һʵеĪȥ첻µز£Ǿǧ̬֮ȣξĪȴɰСȱȫУ˵ĸӷĪıԣȴĪܿܲʵģҲǴδֹһɡ
ŷҹЩ߰ʱĪͻȻӵѸٳȥ
ȥΣգŷҹæһĪǰ
㲻ҪˣһʲôҲŲ¡Ҳ¡Ī˵Ų£۾ȴǺµɫ
ŷҹɲҰųȥξڷ仹ȫһЩһЩ¼Ҫһȥ˵׼ٷʲôĪξʲô⣬ٴıҲȥˡ
˵
ҲҲ
ú֮󡭡
ҲҲ
ûвҪ㡭
ģ
Ī˲䷴ӦʵؿŷҹҲֻõͷģ
ϹĪ˲ͱڻһһͷ˽ŷҹĻ
ˣԣŷҹֶΪĪȫ£¶Ĳλʵ̫ˣҲǼ尾š
ҴСǹ¶ϹҪˣԸĪ
ŷҹһӦĪʵɣξȻûǶǵûб䣬ֻǱǺݶѡ
İɣǲᶪġŷҹ֣صسŵš
ģ
ģ
ĪϸһָŷҹϻţͻȻһϹ˵ҪбŮ
ŷҹЦһã
֪Ī֮󣬻һμô᲻ΪԼǹռıˣ˵᲻ΪЩٶһЩǵķӦ
Щ붼Щ磬Ҫ߳ȥûôء
ʱһһȥŷҹҲһһ콹ξʱ䵽ôģŷҹҲҲһ꣬ʮ꣬ʵֻһϣҲһ죬Ҳʵһ졣
֧źܾãʵеʱ䲻Բȣһǻ˵ġ
Ϲ붫ĪԣƺЩӣ벻ͨͲҪڲǺܺ𣿡


140 кܶҪȥ
Ϊ֮ͨ󣬻кܶҪȥԹİ취֮ŷҹֻܵˣžħʹЧɢ
Ѿ֪ʱһֱûгţʳҲǾŷҹļûκ֮ŻøĪԡ
ǾħʹЧȴһļûУŷҹѾ˸ְ취ͼȥĪֻһȴһҲûյ
ŷҹ˼Ҳ˵һ⣬ǾʱʵʱǳȻѾһ£ʵпֻܽǹһҹ٣ԾħʹЧȻû
ŶĪξȻûٷʲôֻǿһȻͻȻίһҡŷҹĸ첲Ϲǽȥɣþöûгȥˣòã
ŷҹתͷ˿һ£һֱڼȻȫǻڻĪ˵Ҳû̫ôϾǰ̫󣬺ӿĸա
ðɣҪסǳԵĶǺȵĶҪѡֻøĶܳԣ𣿡ŷҹ
ҮϹˣĪȴѾŷҹѸһǣЦȥ׼ˡ
Ư𣿡Īʡ
Ưŷҹ˵ҲĻĪþͺƯ
ǲƯģĪ׷ʡ
ĪϣȻ˼һֹȡ
̫󡢹ɽŷҹһֱĪļвϵر任Ŀ
ǷתʱŷҹоĪŵöҪ޳ˣȴڲͣؽšúҲ
ҪҪЪЪŷҹһ¶ͷĺ
ңȥ򡣡ŷҹҪߣתͷǧҪܣ֪𣿡
֪ˣϹ°Ī˸
ŷҹת뿪
Ī̧ͷʱһ۾
ӴһģҾϲڣԽԽζΪ׵˹ЦţĪֹ
žž
Ī̧֣һһƳ˹ȥʱ˳ú˼ˡ
ŮӣֵǸϣ߳ŭغ
顭
˻ûзӦѾߵȫſڵϡ
ߡŷҹһأקĪſȥ
ξͨξͬͨξκ޵еĻѹֻҲױʶƣӶ֪ԼǾħʴһУǸʵصģȻĻҲԺǿ󣬵ǱҲһĴڣкʵǶֲŻ֡
ŷҹ֮ǰһֱĪǷָֹ⣬ڼܷĻʵ̫СھħʴҲһ
ڣǴˣһоԤɱˣҲһᱻ̣ŷҹǰ˷ɱˣƾһ֯Ա
ŷҹһʱѡ֮ܣܵĻͿ˺ܶ鷳
ϹҡܲˣĪƺص
ŷҹҲû룬ֹȵĳڳȥ
ץסС͵͵ǵǮˣҲ֪ôţſھͳˣΧ߳ŷҹ˺
˵ĺЧֹȵıҲԷҪŷҹ
ϹǣǳȥĪŷҹıòƺܼ˵
ŷҹ˷ۣҪĻôˣɲʲô¶¶˰
ôҪǲ򣬲ǱЩץˣǱ˾ȥĽɶõĶȥϾǾħʴ棬˰ŵڣԲõȥ
ȻĪŷҹĶʲôӰ죬תۼʮ˾Ѿ߷ڵء
Ӳӣһ
һ˶ſŷҹ
ŷҹǶһ£ҪôȥʲôʱǸͷ
ţڽѾ˳ƹƹңϣ˵˷ɣǳŷҹǰжһһһѾڽˡ
ֻʱ䣬ŷҹѾſڵλá
䡭
ѸٽӽʮȫװľѻֹȵĴΧסڶǹڶ׼棬ʱ̶׼Űѵ˵С
ţѾΧˣе
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Բۣ֪ŷҹ̲סһ
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ϹǳȥĪŷҹıϼ͵
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ЩҪɱˣһľˣֻҪͱһ鷳ͻճŲϣҶԷʵǿİ
û¶Īһĸ˻ˣɾΣˡ
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ȥŷҹתͷĪ
ԼȥĪ˵
ŷҹʱһЦĪˣӻ¸򰡣
һԾֱĸ߿ճȥ
ǹ
ǹ׼ԾڿеӰ
ǿ۶ŷҹĴѵķѾŻѷԲ׶
Ӿþ
ŹĻȼţŷҹٴδһ⣡ƣ
⽣һգ漴ױȵƣƶ˴ȥ
¡¡
һҵزһѷڲϵţҪһ
ϹĪתŷҹ
£þܿƿҲҪˡŷҹĪС֡
߰ɣ˵
ţ
ʵֻһ񣡡Īŷҹ۾ллչô죡
ż⣬ŷҹĴϣǰһᣬֻһ촽ǻȣǴ˿˿ı
С
ŷҹûзӦĪ˵ʲô˼촽ͻȻһۣһ˿Ѫ
س׵رŷҹĪ˵嶼ɢţֱ˭Ҳ˭
ŷҹ۾֮Ȼһʱֻʲôںʱ䣬ֻֽһҹʱ΢΢һ
漴ξĪ˵һ仰æȥĪ
ո߳⣬ѾԷһŹǷŷҹ
Ҫ𣿡Īʵ


141 ԽԶԽ
׼ɣ·ŷҹͷһƽ˵
¶ͺһΣ֮󣬾һɢҲӰһ
ǵŷҹ֮ǰһٹȹλʱȴǵЦһ
ܿʰٳ˵㶫֮׼żǰ·ŷҹʶɽѾﲻԶˣһҲ׳־תػ껨ĵط
ͬʱҲΣյĵط֮ǰľħʻȻֻһζѣŷҹοһҲȺܵ١
Ī֮󣬾һֱܳĬŷҹȻ֪ԭȻʱĪ˵Լֻһ񣬵ŷҹȴ֪ǲ滰ֻ˶Σ˵֮ĴΣ˵һԡ
Ϊŷҹ֪ǸĪֻһĻĪξɲûô׾߳ġ
ҪȥǱߣҡŷҹĪһȥæѡ
šĪ̾ͣ½Ųŷҹ
ŷҹʶȫƬҲҴҵȻûʲôޣǱֿΣշӿ¡
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ŷҹͻȻһݣ漴͸оǿӽ´֣ûа취ѳ
ˢһŷҹѾ˦һɽõǰͷצһôץס
֪̾Ҳͽͣǿ󣬸ͲһܿģǰקˣҲûа취ȥ
ܣŷҹż֮伱æĪ뿪ԽԶԽã
Īûһ޷˵ŷҹ
ŷҹɲһûڽȻһӣ޴Īײ÷ֱ䵽˲ԶǸո뿪Ƭյϡ
һյøոպãĪûʲôˣֻصʱ΢΢һ¶ѡ
ûгɣոһأ̾߳˹
ɵŷҹŭš
ĪȴһץסӣҪŷҹ
ŷҹ˵𲻵ʲôڳܲסԵһϿתۼŷҹѾˮȥ
ϵӺһöٵظŷҹǸ޶ȥʱĪǷһǵûзȻǰһԾȻԾ˱ǰԶöľ룬һץסӵĩˡ
Ȼܰȥֹס̾һöڵһŷȥ
ŷҹĪϲʵ
ʵ̫ڣŷҹġ
ȿȡŷҹݺݵ˼ŻӦң£ӦֻһֻҪƵܻصĵطɽ鴫ȻôĴҵʶ֮ˣ
ѾȫʶȥӦϴλһΣ־ʶҲܵģЩܺرܿʶǲµķ󣬸Ƿʤˡ
Īŷҹûʲô󰭣Ҳ̤̾ʵʱŷԼһֱѹŷҹϣһ죬̾ŲӡɽĹʵ̫ϵı仯

ĪֻһҲ֪ߵʲôһ֦ѵʱҶˡ
ŷҹһУӽָȡֵ磬ʱɽһжɽͨȻһ·ϣ֪ж˵ĺǶҲ֪Щͷ£ĪһţȻ̾ɢأŻᷢ
龰Ī˲һ˵ŷҹĻϹ
ҪջʱѾֻðͷصȥ
ξһµķޣΣʱһʱ侹Ȼƺ
ʱ䣬ȻǾΣȴûдŷҹ߿˼һЩ
ŷҹֻǲ֪Ӻ֮䴩ȥ뿴ɽľͷʲô
Īǲˮģôľ룬ŷҹǸоһɹŮеϵسıǿꡣ
ϵԼۿǽŴˣۿŰҪУһҪסҪȻҲ̫ŵ
Ȼ˵ô˵ڵĶٵÿǲϵظξ̳սĳӿ˲١
ǰжŷҹоԼܵսԽԽæһһܵǰ档
ʱҲǰȷ˶
ǡתػ껨𣿡ĪҲ˾ͷĵطһʯ̨ϣһԴӨݣм仹ǵ΢С컨ŷҹ˵Ӳࡣ
ǡŷҹҡͷ۾ͬʱҲ쳣𾪣Ǿ޲ݣȻˣֵתػ껨Ҫˡ
޲һлԵƳɵҩĻ˵׹ǣҲĶȥˡ
˵תػ껨ϵһЩ˺޲޲ԵȻ޸ʵϱ˵ӸӺأǶһ˵ܴĿԱȽϵͣߣҲʲôרֶΣԾ޲˵תػ껨Ҫ
Ƕŷҹ˵ѩľҪһ޲ݣھȻõֱǵȫѹܲ˵ġ
ҪЩݶժȥ𣿡Īʵ
һʵǰŷҹˣǰҲû⣬Ǿ޲ݣǾתػ껨Ҫôȥ϶ʧõʱʣ¶ٵҩЧǿɾ˵ˡ
ûִ˵еķܰЩݵסġ
£һȥŷҹһ뵽ոЩǣòƶߵݣǵ״ͱϾܿЩӦΪᶴĳЩɱġ
ûʲôЩˣȴᶪʧҵʲô߼ĴĻǵǵˡ
ֻһȦ֮ŷҹɵЩʧˣЩϣͼĴָ٣ϵöռ䶼Ҫ࣬ȴûһܰݵġ
˵аܱɢĴһķһǲôĶɽġ
߰˸ָŷҹЩˡѡһȥӻĽָݸĪ
ǴָҽķϢҿָʲôŽȥͿˡŷҹ̹ĪķŶԷ϶ǵá
ĪȻҲûʾȥֱӰѽָùȥԼָϡ
ʱףŷҹЩֶôˣԭħħȻѾ֪Щ湦
ЩҲװ𣿡Īʡ
ŷҹҡͷЩУǻҪ취ҩȥֱ˷ѣ˵ھ޲ҲҪҩģǴȥˣҲֻܿҩһɢ𲻵һЧ


142 ûƽİ취
ĪҲ΢΢üǿһλҪ޹ˣ
ţŷҹʶͻȻһѸɽĸȥ
һֱΪѾΪͷĵطʱŷԭ澹Ȼһ㣬ֻǱһεķڵţҿһʶɨ˼飬ܷεĵط
ǰһΣֻǰʯţһдšһдš֣ѡһ롣
ôѡĪŷҹ
ŷҹҲһͷˮֶѡһȫûеɽҲԹŪţȫƵһ֮䣬ûʲôƽİ취
Ƚû£취ʾҳ£ѡһųȥŷҹ룬Ҳֻһ
ǽȥ֮ûлٴʲôźţһûʲôգϾǰ˲µľ֣ɽѾ˲֪ˣο档
ҲĪûͬ⣬ҪͬһţһߣҪһҪһ
ǺοࣿŷҹЦ
ȥһصһҲ߲ƬأʱһʹһЩĪ
ŷҹ룬˵òҲЩصĪ˵߳ȥĻʵȷǲ
ҲãǾǵҲδؾͳȥŷҹ˿Ҳٹôࡣ
·ûУҪȥֻܴѡһȻĪѾ˵ˣһҪͬһţǻʲôԥأ
ǵһƴ֣ؽξָ˽飬ǳ֮ȴֱ˷ӣкⰡ⽣ͶаżĿƣδزܰһնϡá
ǾţŷҹһĪһֳ⽣Ŵֵʯһ̤
֮ضŷҹھǶһˡ
ʯź¡һƶҲ˽ȥ
ֻǵʯٴιϵʱŷҹ˻ͷԷޱȾʵı顣
꣬ذ
ŷҹֱҪˣ֮󿴲֪Ÿһ裬ǽţԱǵҲǰĵŶ϶ᵽضøһǻˡ
Ҳã˭Ҳϣʲôա
ףŷҹĿɽһɨҪö࣬ǽʲôĶɢ͵Ĺâ
Źâŷҹɽ룬һͬʯ̨ϣһöСֻеŹ֣ϻȶ
Ҵ⣬ŷҹʶɨһ鶴ڣΧûʲôΣյŴĪһǰȥ

ŷҹոҪְùϸһȵĳΧס
ŮһǹŴװӺǸ߰ٿֶҲǳ뻯Բŷҹִ徳ܱȵģҲҪǻ񾳵Ϊ
Īŵһ
ѾϰŷҹֶΣڿŮˣҪö࣬ɵܽš
ͨˣܴҲ£ԵĿһһ׶ûС
˭ŷҹʵ
ûʸ֪Ů˪ɨŷҹһۣɨĪóȻҵɸѾǷҸһᣬ֮бһҪԼѡɡ
ŷҹĪһ㶣໥һۡ
Ī漴㿪ǷҪѡĻŷҹȻĿҪ󣬱ϾղҲ˵ĪԼߣҲδؾ߳Ƭ
ŷҹѡô룿
ĪԲȥ룬ֻĽ
Ǿȥɣŷҹֻһ£ԥһն˺Ůӡ
ĪҲһӾˣһɣŷҹȻҪɴܣ

Ůһ̧ųĻٴҪŷҹճɻҽһ
ŷҹǰʼնһεǽڣҪͻƸͲܣ˰֮󣬻ҲС
ƣ
ŷҹ⽣һӣ汻ֿ룬ɽطȥ⽣ȥƲֱǸŮնȥ
ҪŮӵ϶ʱ˾ŵɫһת֮䣬ѾһСŮӡ
ŷҹæѽһգĪһ𣬾ȵؿǰСŮ
ǡĪ׾ˣɴûмдǰСӵġ
ǻƺǻƺģֻʣһ￴ˡСŮӵ˵
ΪʲôҪɱǣŷҹüͷʣҲûʲôǻƺ顣
òҪҩߡĪͻȻʲô
ŷҹɿ㵽ı߶Į̇ʱ
ĪƺҲʶˣ΢΢ͷ
ûҪɱǣֻǰ˵Ļһ¡СŮͷŷҹίӣһҪɱҵֻҪŻŻǵģ˵һ˿ΪŮȥģǾһˣһ˿ΪԼȥģǾһӣˣƺһͿиˡ
и˵ŷҹ΢΢һ
˵Ӵ֮ǻƶһеˡСŮ֣صؿʯ̨ϵС
ô֪ĺˣһ˾أŷҹʵҸոտѡҪɱӴ
ʱҾѾˣѡԼȽһţʵԼȥ̽·ԲԣȷǸ˵Ļ㲻۽һŶߣղ㾹ȻѡɱңҲû˵Ҫô죬ӦаղôĶԲԣСŮһֺͨʵ
ǺǣܡŷҹȻаգΪʶӦǸŮӵΪǶԷʵ̫ˣԼҲֻǿôһߣ̶ֳȵĹȻǲϣԲȫƴɱȥ˼˵ҿ԰ˣʲôҵģ
ǵģƶһСŮصָʯ̨ϵС
ǻƶŷҹ𾪣ԭһֲֻ˵е֡
ȻֻƹСӣŷҹȴ֪߼ķǿɴСģȻȲ֣ǱһֻĴǾû⡣
ǰǻƺһȻ壬ǶҩҲеġСŮ˵ƺеģֻǶˣҲûѧᣬԾʧˣҩĻƶ֤°빦ǲᣬҲһĴ﷨
﷨ƶﻹأŷҹȵʶɨȻûзİ
ǵȻˣҪȻôܵǻƺһرأСŮһĽͻȻһ٣ѽһ˵ˣҪõƶҪӦһңҿɲһ͡


143 ܺ
ǺǣȻԣ˺ܾ𣿡ŷҹʵ
Ҳû̫ðɣٶӡСŮͷ
ĪʱһٶꣿǿˣС￴ȥôɰһ
ʲôְĪʵ
ҽкŮ㣬ϵζţҸҲԡСѾͷɰسСӵ
ǺðҲϲ㡣ûĸŮϲûģοͳϲ
ıʲôӣҲûеܱ仯εΪɣôܱڵأŷҹҲֵ
ΪҳԹβݣʲôӣͱʲôӡҡһΣԼı壬һֻȫС꣬Ҵȥƶ￴ɡ
ŷҹ˶ǰһΣ۵ʱѾһƬأмʮصķΧˡ
ŷҹﰵһⶦʲô﷨Ǳж죬Сֶΰ
ոǻڷЩҩҪôȥֶ취ֱ͸һ
ƶǻƺһ屦ǲҩһϡ鱦أҩȫõϣֱΪһ
תػ껨ŷҹعһ۾ͿǲԶĵطһתػ껨޵ؿš
ԣһ꣬Ǻö갡
ħʻⲻħʴɣŷҹһͷ亹
ˣħʻڻƶǲԻЧģɽЩħʻΪ˲ñ׽ŲµġЦţʵǸﲻͦ㵽֮һ£Źһѡ
֪ħ˶ãŷҹӾˡ
ȻˣħڲµڻƶԿξһУҪȻôôȷһǸأΪѾ˰ܵ˵
ŷҹһȻξܱСŮҲ̫ˣͻȻƺʲôס
ϷĪҲ˵һ죬ǷӦȴŷҹҪöˡ
ܺӡŶһͷԺܴһ𣿡
Ѹٽ⣬ڻƶĿռתҩĵǺܶ࣬ÿһϡ֮ŷҹˣҲ겻ѡ
뵽ҩ԰ܰᵽֲĻǿ϶°빦ǿ϶ģ̫⣬ֱ
պ˵ķŷҹûƶһԺͲٿػƶͲʲôˡ
ŷҹûƶľ޲ݣأͲõκҩĳ
褺ͺ˻ƶԼһԾŻƶлصϷһֱ֮߳󣬲Űٷ˳
ƶǷˡŷҹп
Ǵ㣬ҪǿܵĻǧڻƶﶼ⡣ҪǴոջһأһת۾һһĭ˸
ָо̫ˬˡ
ȻΪߣޱĳ̶죬Ͳõݵ
̤ˮеĹŷҹˣֻĽķݶ˾ؾʱӦҲܴﵽ̶ȣĻͲܡ
ǻص˼֮󣬻иĶءŷҹæкţҪôȥ֪ҪòҪ뿪ء
𣿻и𣿡һ̾ܵָ𣿡
ȿȡŷҹΣԺ֪𣿲ȻкĶ㡣
ͲᣬЩ֣ˣΪʲô˵أһ˵
ǻȥǲҪıȽϰȫһЩŷҹʵ
΢΢ұ˱ӣôȥĶأ
Ҳûа취ģܲһֱΰɣŷҹΣ仯һʱ޵ģ˵Ҳױʶơ
ǺðɡֻεشӦһֻС꣬ˣʱ򣬿Ա𣿡
ԡŷҹתͷĪû֤ҪһֱŵĻɱ𱻵ǹͯɣ
ɣĪͷ
Ȼ֮䶼Ѿ׷ʲôĪ̬ҲѾ֮ǰӣ䲻ȣһֵԶ
صԨŷҹҪĵһ£ٶȸϻ˴ã鿴褵״
ŷ磿ˣû뵽һӷˣȻѩ
ôŷҹ
֪褽Ϊ˰ҩŻˣչҲӦõġѩŷ￴һ£˵Ҳ֪϶һʱͻᵽҲ㿴㡣
ˡŷҹϧһѩеݵС
ҩҵ𣿡ѩЦһ£æʵ
ҵˡŷҹͷһĪ
Īæһ񣺡ҡˣҩҵˣҲǲһʧϣҽܿ
˵Īٵ߳˴á
ѩЩɻŷҹԷҲǻӦһε
Ҳϲŷ𣿡ѩʵ
ŷҹ̧ͷһֻۣҡͷЦЦ
ʵҲģֻҪ褽Ҳ⣡ѩЦЦתͷ˷䡣

ŷҹһãȻѾͷʲô˼ʲô褽Ҳ⣿
ô˵һԼ
ڲЩ߰ʱ̾ͻ˷䣬ȡƶӿռó˾תػ껨ִҩ˼ҩģʼƻָ˵ĵҩ
ϴαаʴȻŷҹǿȼ˶أܵˣûа취ѹŷҹŻ۵ȥҾתػ껨
һ֮ŷҹһ̾ʹӻƶ˳һֻ̬
Ǵʱ˿Ļ˭󺰿֣ΪֻɰСﲻϵųĻ档
ŷҹڲ۷壬ȻĻԵЩ㡣ȻֻһֻոչڵޣͻҲǻƺһж֮ԭɡ


144 ƣһɨ
úĻŷҹ˵Ȼ°빦顣
ŷҹĹ̽뵽ƶڲŸҩ֮ںϱ仯¶ȵĺһ飬ڴûŷҹ˵Щѡ
Űʱȥ֮һ¯ĵҩڳɹŨҩζƮɢֻһ£̾;ȫˬ̩ͨƣͶһɨˡ
ֹͣ»棬ɾȴЩήңȻ˵һ°СʱĻ棬Щˡ
Ǻǣŵҩȥ԰ɣʶкܴŷҹĻػ굤˺һš
ĵǾֻػ굤ֱǴ󲹣¾ͱŻػ굤ɻ˻ƶҲ˲̰Ϳʼػ굤ҩ
ŷҹǴʣµļҩ裬褵ķƿӣһ˶Է
褽ʲôʱѹɶæʵ
ѹܻЩֻҪ죬ûʲôˡŷҹش
лл򣡡ɶϲ
ŷҹ΢΢һüǵѩ棬תͷʱȴѩЦſҲ΢΢Цһ¡
ˣѩ㶼˵ˡɶſڵ
Ŷŷҹ֪˵ʲô
ɶ죬ȥæİɡѩȴЩ˼һɶˡ
İɣɶûзԣһ̶ܵˡ
Ѿͷģ֣ҿɾûôˡŷҹп
Ժõģѩص
ˣҵ˾޲ݡŷҹѩرֻҪͻȪҶҾܰʸı䣬ɾʥʱµһţҲߵĿˡ
ģѩ۾һֿ˴ϵ褡
ȻġŷҹС֣İɣҲ
ţôúõģѩŷҹĻ
ˣƺǸԵİʾˡ
ŷҹһƺѰ飬ôͽˣ
һ绰ܲʵѡʱŷҹһۣϰֵĵ绰ֻεؽ
Сҹѩ˵ѾˣǱߵһȻؼһˣ˹˾֮⣬ĻŲҲҪȥһ¡
ŷɽ򵥼仰ŷҹеϡ
ѩԽһ£֪˸š
֮ԨѾ׽ŷɽһŪһרŴ¹ŽĹ˾ȻǣͷˣȻŷҹ塣
˾֮ʵԳСģչֻܹնƣȻܴģȥɱһжҪԹΪ
¡˾ĹŲ˵֮Ҳרܹ飬ŷҹԹŽմмȥĻŲ
һε罣֮󣬹ŲҲԼЩⷽʶǰûпǹΪֻѣԺܶණؿŴӻĴеĶռΪУΪԷҫʱ
״˿֮ʵʹѣΪ˷ֹŷҹԺ챦Ĺڱ˷֮ȥŲԼΪǿ
ŷҹֻ֮ЦЦûзԣҲûرġ
ЩռȵȷʹģǸԴԼԼϿɡҽһܵĳЩƫĻӰ죬ȻдΪҽƭӣֻҪһ˵ҩ̾ΪؿƭӵļȴŲ
ڴĶԼȴһֱЩƭӵļЩܶƴҪ˦ҪĶʰ˱˵ĻŲұǴģʹĵĵط
ÿ˶ŬЩзñȴǰӿѧӷ٣˵˭ŲҲȷֻһѡ
أǾƴ˵ǵģҲֻЦָı˵˵ڴеĶԼԼš
ڻĵĵλ˵ҪһЩҲһĵĽΪȲ϶ίȻ˵һѣʲô԰ʲôǸ֮Ƕίõͺˡ
ٿһ˾һ˾أǾҪҩΪŷҹͻȻһ뷨ķʽøԼȥͻȪҶ⼸оһҩʲôҩأҪúоһ¡
ȻҩҪͨ˴ҪҩƷ治һмҡ
֪ѩȴһ֡
֪ŷҹؿŶԷ
Ȼ֪ŮԵҩʲô𣿡ѩʵ
ۡѩĻشЦˡ
ŷҹЩεɦºףԵú޹
˵ɣʵݵҩͼҩѩҲЦˣظŷҹ飬ʵŮ滨Ǯˣ֪ЩҩôãǱԿ̬ȣݵľ͸˵ˣûЩǣһҪٶǮģɺܶ඼иõģȴϲá
ŷҹüǺⲻв֪иûã
Ǻǣҿûҩŷҹʼ磬ſɶˣȻеļ󣬵ûݷģǲ˵
һŴ󴸴ĽʦѴһ£׷ŴСϱҵҩƯðݶ
С
ŷҹϽֹˣôȥǸɢʦ͸ƴˣֱʦŰ
һҩ˾ɲ˵ģһܾܴʽһҪΪ˶ĿϾҪһˣĵҼҩģʵ̫ˣһҽҩ˾ͲһˣҪҩǴģ˭Ҳ֪Ҫһ
ʽ棬ϲȥģ֮ǰ򣬵ϵǮʮֹҪѹ˾ĻǲáŴƬϡҩģҪķ治ûǮֻ۷ʽ𣬴´࣬ٽһЩȫû⡣
ЩмңǼϰֻϽ㣬ɶĸ֣ͺˡ
һҹŷҹŪһҩʦŷҹרΪʦĪаȥƵҩȷǿգҪҩҲͦ
ЩҪҩĻƶĿռﶼУٴҩȡһЩƽҩģû鷳ֻԼҩҲǰСʱʱ䣬һ¯ҩѾɹ


145 
ȻŷҹҲ֪ԺҩҲƷʵҩҪƣĶܹ˵ùðæ˵ҩĶõЧȻûԣǾԱκһּʻҩЧ
ǼչģҲ֪ǲΪƺһҲǰ壬ԻƶҩĻ治١
ŷ磬ոȥĶˣ˾Ϳ㲻ڣѩŷҹɻʵ
Ǻǣʲôöŷҹƺõĵҩóһš
ǰһſŷҹ
ȻͷһƣǴмȴ֪˳ԹģȻˣ;û⡣
šѩ˵ͷſСѵҩȥ
ʲôо𣿡ŷҹЦʵ
ѩһЦʵϲģŷҹ˵Ǿ䡰ǼСѩܱŷϿɣǲں顣
һҹܿȥڶ峿ѩһʱ򣬵һӦѽһ
ԭŷҹһСӰѩǰ۾ͿԼƤ͸죬Ҵڵⶼ͸һĹȻǰƤѾֻóˣڻֻȻһµĸо
Ǻǣиоı𣿡ŷҹɨѩһۡ
ŷҹҲֻһЦ⿴ѩ˿ԼϲŮˣҲһܡ
ҩȻһЧһķΧˡŷҹüë
ڵĵҩϡ͸ϰٱٸȥԶãĿɲֻݵЧҲֻһר塣
ŷҹﲻɵ뵽һеСʡ
û褾Ѿ˹۾һۿŷҹʱ΢΢Цһ¡
һûã˵
˵ҵŮˣҲŷҹ˵ļ򣬡úϢ죬Ҹոոѩ˵Ҫһҽҩ˾ʱҪҰæġ
ģ褵Ŀһ£ȻǾҵŮˣȻûбֵúܼҲһƽ
Ȼŷҹ϶
褽㣬ѩѩҲǰ˵
֪褼ڻԵУҲż˵ֻûа취ԼѹͺħһƯ
褽ҲƯҡѩŷҹһۣŷҩøƯġ
ҩ褿ŷҹ
ŷҹȴҡҡͷڵʣ治ʺٳҩú֮취ҩʡ
ŷҹʱѾоҩʾ򵥣ֻ褸ĸµǷֳ϶û˵ΪҲ̫˽Ķ
ڴм֪ģǸҩʵŮںϣҲҪӦĵҩûеĻҪӱʵǿ󣬲֮ܿҩݣɺѭ
ؼҩֳϣŷҹĴмҲֳɵҩǸֳϣֻ򵥵˵һǿںϡǵҪǿȴû˵
Ҫ⣬ŷҹҲ˵жٰգֻܵΪٸһֻҪȥ߻ҩյҩ֮ӣͲʲôʱ˵Ǻܿԣģôż
ȬֿʼڴҽôҾȵǣһε¼֮󣬴һƯŮһŮӣ˽ơ
õ˶ȵط֣ڵСҽƺûдǰôĮˣżܿЦһ£Ȼͨ˵ֻǳһǣҲǴǰûмġ
һʱССҩһװỼߣһοɲǰ褼ûֱ֮ӻȥˣǷװģᱻһҩģһ
Ԩϴε֮ڳ׵ƽȻͣһǽӶʧҲѸͣûʲôԱΪ˽֮󣬶ԨӦٴ˱á
֮⣬黹һ߽˴ҵҰ
ɸɣܷ죿ŷҹں˵
У㣡ѩȻ˵ţȴ֪Ҳʵ
褽ŷҹ˵ʲôʲôԼأȻϿõƤˣʵŷҹ˵Ļ˭
ŷҹסѩ֣΢Ǹ˵ѩίˣĲ𣿡
ѩ΢΢ͷʵûĸŮԸ˷һɷ򣬵ǿΪŷˣҲŷҹҲûа취ˡ
ǵ֪Ҳһʣʱ˸ԷͬĸоǷݽ͵ģ˵ദĥˡ
ʵǳ褵˼Ƕǲ֪ʲôʱߵͷŮԼŵʱ򣬸ԼϲһҸˣʲô֣˵Ҫ


146 ҪŮ
ɵϣǶΪҲҪŮҲ˴ߣŷҹŵ
ţѩɵصͷϧ褽㲻ϳҪȻǿһȥˣѵŷе½͸Ҫæ˰ɣ
ŷҹЦЦֻҪ룬ʲôʱŷ綼ʱ䣬ȥﶼУ
ĻŲ飬ŷҹȫؽ˹͹Ųԣϣõȫ֮Ѿõٴεκһʦ
һŷҹ׼ҩ˾ҲѾϰֵпʼˣѾϡ͵õڽŵļ⣬ŷҹЩȫû⣬ֻűһ̾ͿԽгӪ
ŽǷΪŹŲƣһţѾ˲¼ʮǵ״ŷҹֹ˺ļ룬ҹ涨һ£ÿѽļ۸ڶʮÿᳬʮѡ
ֻʮѽҲֻںϽϢҪĹȻôࡣ
ϢҲ˲Сĺ䶯ûмôקС˾˿˾үү˼ң򣬻Ҫ˼ⲻء
ŷҹôʵҲԭ˾ѾûдҪ׬ǮֻΪ˱֤ŵղᱻʧܱ֤ϵʡñһ˵̸˻ģ˵ĳЩѾʧѾûʲôõóˡ
ֹûпչʱŷҹһƿŬҲ̫ĽչˣԵúһ¡
ѩ˵ûʱһ˾ʼתɾеæˡûй˾飬Ű񽣣ѩҩģ褵ķŷҹҪ⡣ȻҪҲһҪץһ֮ء
쿴ǱߺöˣڻӭʲôѩͻȻָǰһӭ顣
ŷҹѾֻЩȤȱȱʲô쵼ĳǣʵûʲôΧ۵ġ
ֻǸȥҲûбҪôȥܿɡ
߽ʱŷ֣ȻһǵĻӭᡣСŮٵ϶дţĪҰ㡱Զ֧㡱ĪĪû
ӵʱŷҹѩ˶һۣͬʱЦ˳Ҳ֪ĸŮôƣС˦ģûˡ
ҲȥѩŷҹȥǸûĴǳʲôӣ
ðɣŷҹûʲôȤǼȻѩȥո֣ѩ죬ȻҲûʲô˵ģһ˾ͺá
ߵ˽ǰʱ򣬷˻ǲ٣һýģյǰȥҪѲСľ
ǾɡѩҲȥ׷ǣֻǴո֣ԶҲν
Ǻǣܵõǵ´ŮĪӿ治СءŷҹȤ
ǵȻѩһЦŷҹЦ
󹦷򣬾һųӻʻӳˣһһŮһ³Ŵһʾ⣬Ǹûļһ
һ˧ŷԶˡѩ̾˵
ǺǡŷҹֻһЦȴûж˵ʲô
ĪҰ㣡
Ī˧
ĪĪû
λŷҹЩӭ鵹ɰȤˡ
һѼΧȥʣٲȻһơ
ŷҹ棬ʲôҲȤ
Ҫ߿ʱͻȻһͬûмɷȦļ߰ѻͲ˹ŵҲѾͷת
ҲĪӰ𣿶ĪԨʲôҪ𣿡֪ԼСҪȥûʲôϣˣܱ̾һ⣬ҶĪҲǺ
ûŷ糤˧ʧѩڻӦ
һ㶣Ƕ˶û¶ζ˲
ѻͲһתת˵ǰϣһĪӰԡ
ѩġŷҹܼ˵Ǽѩ˵û˧ǾͿ϶û˧
߿ˣӰԣǵʲôְ
ǲʶŮһһߺǣȻ֪ӰԣЩģŬͼ˵֮ġ
㣿ѩʵ
ǰǰŮ֪ɣ߸˵ԼȻ츳
˭ѩ治֪˼ûзڵӾϹ
֪Ҫ޳ʱŷҹǽӹ
㲻ǳ𣿼ǵи⳵˾㹫ţ޼
˵˵ҵһԣʶ㣬ǲʶĪ㲻Ǹ⣬ȻǸġ
ǸŮġŷҹػش
š
Ƿϻ˭֪ǸŮģ㲻ʶҲ֪
ûŷҹԼһζţ˵ѩţԼ˵СѾͷء
ˣô۸˵ģ
ԽԽ£ۿŷҹʵûʲôԼֵ̾ת˿ȵӰԡ
ŷ磬㣡
öȺд漴ȺһСɰӰֱŷҹ߶
Сţŷҹһ£ע⵽ԭһǸĪߵľȻСţոһֱûȥע⣬ôأ
ϷءСͷһɿɰӣ˵ʱ£ͰƼһϤĵݣҾ͸ԨˣұҪ绰أ벻Ѿŷˡ
СţĪʱҲСﵽŷҹʱЩá
һҲһߺǣȻȲϳϣǺôҲһ֪ǣСְ·ŸոðС磬ȻλҪߵ̫ˡ
ŷҹСŵͷȥɣЩ߶ڵء
ˣʵǶڵĪû˹ءС˵ţǿٵĪȥͻȻͷֶŷҹŷ磬ͷҸ绰
ŷҹҲһ绰ƣ׼ѩ뿪ˡ
ôһЩ֪ĶðȥкأĪСŻ𱸵
˾СѾͷһǿѾͷƯҪú֪ȵ˼ȻҲĽ顣
Լⷬ˼ѾͷȻ֪ôȥ·˴кǸźͨ·ˣҪüץסһ㣬֪ҪѶٵ˼ܰ۵㡱Ĩȥء
ղǸʲôϵм̾ץסһ㲻ţ˹
ʶ
ѣ
ĪСżͬʱȫͬĴ𰸡
ӰԣǵѣĪӦСⱣлڸǹȥ
ȻЩҲûôúŪܱôһ׻ȥһ¶ĿŵǸĪһŮϡ
õѣһС̺֮⣬׵ˣСûڵĴ㣬ʲôʲôΪʲôһҪԼøʯͷĳһĺ


147 ĵն
Ҳûϵʱ򣬾Ϊҷݹ׬ǮͺãҲһԱġ
ŷ˵·ˣôԸġ
ĪɫʱüͷСȴȻᣬĪеŭԼѾٰȥչСѾͷˣȻűΪһУԼˣƢ
СŵͻСʱҲ̣ȦЩĸӺĵնʱнѲʱ򡭡Ī˿ָԷɡ
˵˭Ѳŷ磬׵ˣСһ̾ͲˣѾǿô˷Ҫôŷأ
Ҫǿϣ¸λѿֲһˤˡŷľˣ÷̺ܶ࣬÷˵ʱ򣬶˵һĺˣָʲô
СС㣬˵ŷǸʲôˣԸ̸̸𣿡мѾʼĿתСţ˭СŵϿ϶ڳżֵ˵ǰԼֵ
ŷҹ׵֮һҲһصˣܶණС˵е˼ˣʲôѲһ
Ǻǣ˵ŷҹŷҹǶǱСﶺһЦᣬԷʲôϸûŪء
ͻȻ֮˷Ӧŷҹֲô룬ǵӢ۰
СС㣬˵ŷҹԨ𣿡߼æʵѾһȥѰҸոǸ˵ټˡ
ǣ
ǲҲβṦ򣿡̾ᵽʲôǶŵζһ쳤˲ӡ
Ȼ϶ģСŵǺ
ŷҹŷ찡
ֳһӾըѣһСʲôǻǮɷãŷҹͲһˣǮܲɷõҲа
һŷҹƽϢ֮Ϊһ󹦳ȻϢͲӰЩڴ˲֪ļϴʧ
Ŀǰŷҹˣǵʱ֢Ļߣŷҹӣû̫ϵԲŻᵼ¸ոŷҹֳ侹Ȼûһʽ
ŷҽ
ŸոշӦǱ߶׷ǵСҲ֪ôϢһŮͻȻ㲥һ£ֳʧˡ
ŷҽҰ㣡
ŷҽ˧ģ
ԲۡʲôƵĪڸոյĴĪˣڶףΪʲôЩһǸʲôŷҹ֮һ˼Ѫһ
Ǹ˭ļҹ˾ĴݹʲôӰģΪʲôû˵һŷҹˣ
ŷҹ˭ĪСţ֪СѾͷȻ˵øǸô׽϶֪һЩʲô
һ㲻صˣСŶڸոŷҹıͣôˡ
ĪһӻңϴòˬȺ˶Ǹʲôŷҹʲô£˭ܸһ
ĪһͻȻʦת˹Ī
ڻһļˣĪ̾ţһ·׼ʼܶԷ⡣
ղ˵ССʶŷҹҽڽѲڶط˵Էľն𣿡ߵʾȻϬ
ĪһңֳҲȱӦԵľ飬ʵӸոŷҹʱķѾЩˣʱеҲű
ˣıѾҴ𰸣Һһ£Ԩʼձ̬ȵĻΣգЦЦ̾Ϳʼ׼ӡ
۱ӢۣĪԲѷĪ˵ʲôѾŵĴ⣬Ī˿һۣ㿴ô
Ī
ŷҹŷҹŷҹǺηʥ˵ʲôı̬ȣͻΣգΣոƨҾͲŻڹ컯֮£Ұôģӿˣ
һ;ŷҹˣôŰɣĪ˶׷ŷҹȥķ֣һʱ˳š
˵ʲô˵ŷҽЩû׷ϵŮ⻰Ťͷ
ôˣĪ̾ͰڳһԼú˧Цݡ

Ϊ˭ŷҽ
˭ŷҽͲУŷҽҵż񣡡
ǡĪҲǡż񡭡ĪżŮعҲǼʶӰԷˣǴûмʶԨô뺷ӡ
Ȼ򣬵ǱϾǴүǣȥ֮Ҳǳ·ͷʲôģܿ죬ĪѾٺԼǸżˡ
ʷϵżûһôģѾˣֱӾ֮󼪣ֻԼû
ŷҹѩڴҷӦʱ򣬾ѾѸٵ뿪ˡ˰ȫص֮˲һ
벻ŷڵôô˶㣬ǶȲˡѩЦ
ⶼСѾͷֵġŷҹҡͷɲôͷ
˵ţСѾ˵绰
û£ǵŸˣǲ˼ŷҹҲеǸ˵
ֲҵ¶˵պܺãȻȥŷˣ˭ǸĪ˵㻵ţ˻áСſ֪ԼӦվı߶ģܺŷһԷ𣿡
ŷҹѩһۣԷͷҲͬˣðɣѡطһһԷɡ
ŷҹĵطСز죬ȻֱӴķҵһЩ
ŷ磬ԭҪܻӭöడСѾͷ˻ʼҾƵ֮һ˷ܵ˵Լ˶ҪˣһۿѩۣλɩƯ
ҲƯѩҲǿŮܿɰ˳ۣ൱⡣
СŶŷҹС˼Ǻ֪ŷҹֻһ˼ҲټͱСȻŷҹŮЩģһζʱȥҲ̹ȻˣϾŷҹˣҲСռеġ
󹦷ŷҹĲ˶½˱߳ԱģѩСźܿϤ·ʶ˺ܾõСһ
ĵÿģڳʲô
㣬֪ŷҹ˭𣿡е죬С̾ȷǸոձĪ˲ٵľơ
ԲˣԱŬȰŶԷ
ģûкҲǷˣֻҪһŷҹǶ͸һٿǮһһ٣ʮһǧĪܴˣץһСԱҪԼҵӡ
ԲǾƵ겻ṩҵ񣡡Աǿŭ˵
ṩϰҾͲǮ׬ˣϰǮöˣĪš
СѾܲˣҪĪȥۡ


148 Ҫѹϵ̫
ŷҹﶯûж˵֮ǰŽ㱻˵ĻҲĪñ͵Ļŷ磬Ż𹫷ߵġ
ŷҹȴҡҡͷСѾͷ˵öԺ㻹ҪµģҪѹϵ̫
̫ˣСŭ
û£İɣŷԨǲܱĨڵģѩȴǿЦһҪˡ
ŷҹֱ̯̯ʾԼ޹أǾˣȥ˵ʲô
СҲ̾׹ŷĸǳι̣ҶѾϿŷƷĪԽֻԨܵ͸ࡣ
ķӺѾԱ׼ȴڽţǸĪеˡ
ŷҹҡҡͷСʻǲУһ̼;Ȼܳ¶ֱԼ
Щǵ¶ȻˣҲûȥʵûʲôθˡ
ոߵſڣͿѾ˲ٵĹ˿ͣƺǸ˷ǳϾǴҳԷĵط£Ӱ쵽˳Էʵ̫ûˡ
ʱľҲѾѾ߷Īܲ˵λҲʲôݣҲʲôɣڱƵķΧڣŷˡǲӴСλȥˣ⣬ϲλˣҵĽǾƵĲӭ
ʲôǡǾܿͣΥģĪʱһͷףҲǲ֪ԼҵΪԼ鷳
ʲôɣⶼǻʼҾƵվͶߣйزΪΥĻԸܴǡƵ꾭ѵҧúأǸոľԲģʽŷǸȡöԷԭ£ǾƵΪֹ
ãԿǿӲ̬ȣǵûԷʳ͵ķУһƬĽк
ŷˣƢ͸ϳȥһ˵
˵ŷҽĻǻòͷˣ
Ѿģ
Īһ£ԼĶЩʲô˰֮ǰЩյСҲˣЩȥɶЩʿӦЩǲŶ԰ôЩСﻹҪӳ嶯
ʵҲƣȥ֮󣬱˾ݺһ٣Ͼ֪϶Ȳ˳ȫżԨҲҪĻᣬúһڴĿĵλ˭֪ôһ飬ӲˣҾ˵ٵļ߶ҪĪԨӢ۵鵱ͷİŷȥǻˣ
ĪһӰĿеҪۿۣԨﻹ˵ڵϢôֻߵıһȫڼƵ˶ῴȻһţһ˻ĪӡۣǿⰡ
ڸոЩý嶼ǹ˾ϵõģǼұȽϤˣȥ̸ղŻ˴Ǯ¶ʱƽЩʧ˾ȻҪúøĪһ˵ģúһӰԼ滥ĻᣬȻô˸ˣѵѵ˭
˭֪Щ˶ˣŮǸŷҹҲˣеĶôѵһŮͨԣ
Щոճ˱ˣȻҪΧסȺŹһٵļơҪٱ˰ͷ׶קϳݣǿɾˡ
һ֮ԨӢۣԨȺ֮ĪʱȻͷı
ݺԼһѣ˵ǳԱ˳ŵʱȻЩ޹ؽҪ飡
ĺˣ鶼ѾѹˣҪȥǸŷҹĲڸⲻԼ
ڿɺãۿЩŶˡô죿ô죿
ЩүǶһҺôҲݵҪ֣಻áʱһʮ긾Ůվ
ĪǸмްλǹֱҪ˹ȥϸɶġ
˼ҾƵûɶһ˶ٰѪŪϣǶ಻áλ˵ҪĻǵŶҸĵطٴȥ
㼸˼Īˣûһ˸˵
ԶԶԣǸǸϿȥˣǶأһԲĴ󺺣ֱֻͭضĪ޲ھȥȭ
Īһȭͷˣ˵һȺˣһǶСܲ˰
۾ǸƵ꾭һۣô˵ԼҲǵĹ˿ͰɣҪһ¹˿͵İȫɣ
Ǿֻһ֮󣬾ҲˣĪ￩һӰӢۣòʹ⵱һعˡ
ŷ磬˰ɣСȻĪΪˣһô˶Ҫȥǿ˵ġ
ˣҶҸӣԷģӰ飡ŷҹЦЦվ˵
˭
˲õһ֮漴Żͷһ̾ˡ
Ƶ꾭ʱҲŸոע⵽ȻҲʶŷҹģ̾ǰԭŷǾȻ֪ʧСȥ֪ͨһ£źŷⵥŶУ˰˺ŷ֮⣬еĿ˶Żݣ
ô˼ŷҹû뵽ԼԷǮˡ
Ǳģ˵ŷĸ׵ͿŷΪԨôˣŷķǮߵ϶˴ҵļˣλǺЦŽ͵
ǺðɣҾͳһΣ²Ϊŷҹ˵üҲûٹ֡
ǿɲУŷĳԺֻҪŷĻǿ϶շѣǼյġ̱̬
˵Ϊ˱Ϊ˾ƵҲȫֵᳫġ
Ļ´ֻٻһҷԷˡŷҹҡҡͷЦ
ŷҹô˵еΪˣɣŷϾĳеĲƷշѣŷܸܳǾƵ׳ܾܾܲ˰ɣ
ŷҹǺЦһ£Ĭ
۶ڴ󷹵˵ѾһޣӮҲǿԺԲƵģһŷҹ¶ԷҲ̶ϻرŷҹŷҹˣΪľƵСƣƺкô
ˡŷҹĪһۡ
ʱĪҲڴһˣȻǿСţʱûȥѵԷ뷨ˣֻСŸ飬ݸȻˡϧСŸһۣŪҲľս
ȻҪƯ


149 ӭ
ΪŷҹȥȻҲ㲻˧Ȳϣƫƫ˶Դҩһˡ
ŷѾ˲ӭӴ֮ٽӴĪĿ⣬̾ͱǾƵǲԿ˽˺ģǾƵĿʲôɲǾƵġ
ǴҲһӡŷҹЦЦ˵ôһȺȥˣǻ˸˰

˶һЦոյɨҲûˡ
ŷңһֱûлл㡭
ŷҽҰ֣һֱûлԶٷ
ŷҵĺӣ֪ôл
ŷҹҲû뵽ԼȻôӰ̧ʾ⣬ôҶƽһ¡
ʵͷһεɢʱŷҹ˶ٵĲԼ֪ںԼ赹ȥһʵٵģĹģǵڶΣʱ񲡶øѸͣܵȾ˸˼
ΪҩƣһεûֻšŷҹʱѾȥί˾սˣֻǴҲ֪Ϊŷҽ֮ǰһһֱҽԺأͰһݴŷҹͷϡ
ҽԺȻҲûʲô˵ģϾҩŷҹṩģ˵⹦˼ҵģһΪһǷŷҹˣͺȥˣŷҹԼҲ֪ж١
˵˺ˣҲҪƽʲôŷҹҰĪ͵
ŷ׻˵ѣҲûɲʡµӣǮ㣬ɾԲ̡ղŵĴҲǰָĪ˵˵Щˣǵ˴ϣҲû̵ˣ
ŷǸ
ԣڻǸŷȻ˵һһǡ
һص
ĪһŰˡ
һôˣһһҲɿͷҪһǴģһȭȥסԺˡ
ҵǸҵǸɲӲҪӵʱˣĪϸɣһʱͿðŷŷԭһΣұ֤Ҳô˵ˡ
˼ﻹǲ𣿡ȭͷײײ
ϲ˵Ǿﻹ
ĪһùС˼УҲ̫Եˡ
ˣҶɢ˰ɣҸҲûʲôڣҲרҵġŷҹ¶˸ûϵСſˣҪӵģڱôģҲ̫ǿˡ
̫ˡ˶߿
ǺǣҲֻ룬ҲûʲôϵŷҹǺЦ
㼸˼ĪŷҹҲ治ص㵽ǰﻹǲﰡ
ȴһ֣ԣѾŷҽǾ㣬˵Ǿ͸Ҵȥ
ǾôŰɣŷҽϣǾɢˡҿȻŷҹѾ˵ˣӻҪģϾ˼ҲһȺάĲλӢ
ҲмһЩģﻹЩˬʱسĪǱ߶һۣǶո˵ЩҪյϢ
ĪһĶҴæȥˣ˵˺룬Ҳˡ
Ⱥ˶ڹŷҹ˼䣬֮ŷҹߣЩ˲ŸԻԼķ䣬˶һʤһ㡣
ŷ벻Ԩŷô󣡡Сſŵشŷҹ
⻰ҲʵԨطκһǵѾܸŷҹˣܳ೤ʱ˭Ҳұ֤ġ
ǺǣĶܱȵǵСǣһϷȫµ˶֪ˣߵĶ˸Ҫǩʱɼǵøŷǩգ˵ǮأŷҹһԵ˵
СŵȻ֪ЦŷҹɲһȱǮˣϴѩʱ򣬴ǸϴǮ٣ʱҪȫԼˣֻԼʲôҲûǱŷʲôûҪ
ŷ磬ո˵Ҫ˾ܵĹ˾ϰ𣿡Сԥʵ
ŷһȻ֮õ顣
ô㲻뵱ˣŷҹֵʵ
ǰСţڲǸոճͷ˵׼һϷͺܳأʱɱŷҪöءѩҲ֡
Ҳ̫ϲȦˡСƲƲ죬ĪкܶˣҺεĵһˣҪȻĻͲϷˡ
ɣŷĹ˾ûתأСžϷҪһʵڲˣٵŷĹ˾һҲ԰ѩŵ
Ŀ𣿡СŸ˵˵
ȻԣŷĹ˾СŵĹ˾СʲôʱŷҹҲЦ
Ǻðɣһúùϰ壡Сװź˵
ͺúⲿӰɣ˵ʱˣһŷ統ʲôģǲǸãŷҹЦ
ţһúݵġС̾ҵԼĿꡣ
һǽһ¹ȥˣҩҲڼͨʼйװһȫг
ЩŷҹмңҲûԼȥֲϾҵרѧϰѧĽԭҵϰ֣ѧרҵδҵѧʺЩ
ҩϾһ͹˾ҴûĹ˾Ҫһʼʹ򿪾棬ҲȷһѶȵ⣬鵹żֻ
ʱһֱϵǸŷҹϵϡȻʱûô֣ô˵ŷҹҲʦŷҵһУרְš
ʱŷҹҪӵģȻǵһҪˡ
ֻŷҹͬʱҲյƽ޵Ϣܼڵ֪ŷҹҪԼһҩ˾үӵָʾ£ܼȫ˼Ƶⷽ
ܼȻҽҩҵģҵĿҲ٣Ҫҩǿ϶һŷҹҪܼʽ룬Ҳû˿⣬ĿǰŷҹҪܼҲûⷽ˼
֮ǰ˵ŷҹ飬ܼҶҪһվܲܰæٶҪʾһ̬ȣһܶҡ̬ȡ
ǽʱܼҵƵ˭Ϊıʲôҵȴֺ֪ȻΪһ˿մ߶ŷҹ
ҩĹ涼ûдȥԨʿ˵һϢӵܵ͵ԨңȻҪĸԼҵСŮᣬ֮ܶ̽С
ϢһӾˮõ͹ʱˮˡ
ԨɾңһһţҴǰҿβ˭Ҳ֪ϡôͻȻôһһʾõĺûᣬԵյģûһ˳׼ô׽
һЩûյˣʱҲ뾡һа취Ӹȡһȥμʸ


150 Ļ
ҶԱòϣЩҲԸԳˡ
Īõһʱָһ¡˾ʱҲЩһԼĻˡ
֮ǰ˾һ·ߣӰԴùϵõӰԵ֧֣ԼΪһЩ⣬ˡһΣ˾Ĳϲ·ˣһЩϲʿùϵԺܶ·Ӷߵú˳ǶĪˣǶڹ˾˵һĻᡣ
СأһᣬǧҪպãҲض
ģһӻĪҲ̱֤
ЩˣӦòЩͨԲһŷҹô԰ɣ˵Ҳһôֵˣֻǵʱŷҹͷԣһʱߣ˸صĺ
һжѹȥˣȻٷͬĴֻǶŷҹ֣һǾµûš
ûдȥȥŷҹʲôлĻŷҹжӣǵǸѡ
Ȼֻôһ룬ŷҹ˵ֻһСҽݣܲҲμôҪĳϣһءϾǳｨģУ˵õʲôݣЩѾ˽ˡ
Сû飬Ҳû⣬СѾͷһһⶼǸŷҹվһϣȫһİ˵λϣҪЯģڿȫûҪ
õĻ룬ԼޱʿߵҳĴſڣߵǰԼ
ԭŷּˡΪ˱ʾԼĴ󷽣ڣ΢Цǰ֡
ԭشǣɰŷҹҲͷЦЦ
СôҲˣûɣĪԷûԼЩˬ
ÿԴһͬ飬ǹԼһģʱŷҹһĸˣﲻ²⣬ѵ
ûϵҸŷͿˡСŲ䲻˵
ҪǸһϷСǲԸദ
벻ŷһ˾Ȼ˲𡣡ĪŹȻ
˵ڳεֻҪļǮõ֡˵仰ȻҲǹŷҹѿԷƾԼǲܵõģֻܻǮԶûء
ǺǣҿûǮ˵ŷҹ±ӣеЦգգ۾ʵû
ŷĬԨңûȥδҲ̫С˰ɣĪɲֹ
Ǻǣֻ֪ͨμᣬҲû˵¶һɡŷҹЦ
Բʾǰ̾Ͱŷҹ
ûŷҹʼ磬޹
ǡ߶ʱЩΪѡ
Ա߶ĪѾЦû뵽ŷҹûӣȻ͸ȱ۶
СС̲ס˲м
ŷڵˣ˼ģСǲʶһ£ʵǱǸʱӴＱҴܳһŷҹ̾͵Ǹ˵
ŷҹҲʶ˭˵ʶûϵǸղŲ֪飬ΪҪ߸Ŷܽȥء
ŷ˵ЦˡһתͷŴŵ߷Ըλŷҹŷ
Բŷոû֣ʮֱǸæ
һٶ֪Ҷŷҹӳ̶ˣ֮ǰ˽߶ֻǵͷѣȴѾǸʮȵĹˡ
Ҫ᲻ỵĹأŷҹȤ˵
ȻᣬѾԸŷҹŷκʱңκ̻ͨӦ
ҾͲˡ
ŷҹЦŴѩ˳ȥԼӣǷ˲ٵ˼һƺϴ赤Ը̺һһţҲһ˼ҰԼΪʦһˡ
ȽȥĪСſĪһȲŵӣһƫƫҪں˵䣬˶Ǯ
ҡĪԽԽûٸСѾͷ˴
ҵ׸ŷҹʲôϵԼôû˵ŷҹң
ֻһСԱⷽϢȻûô⣬Ҳ֪һЩŷҹԨĴ¼ǣҪǽ鷽ģһŲ֪
ҲСһȻҸŷҹĹϵôãҪŷҹ뷨˰ɡҲһûӵˣҪԼ֪ȵģɲҶŸɵġ
Ҫһٰ¶ˣ¹˾涼ҪԼˡ


151 Ǹ˶
˵ˣŮ˴򽻵Զȸ˴򽻵Ȥö࣬ȻĪ֮ǰⷽûʲôо˵ǸʧٵĹⷽĸ֣Ĺһȡּȵòƣֵɫ¶Ǹ˶ġ
ĪҲ벻ǣ˲ֹԨ̼һЩ쾩ǵҲȻǼĴԨһССɶԣȻ˶ˣ⶯еˡ
Ī⣬ϲԽ࣬˵ԽչԼⷽ
ϲСŮգҲֻ׼뼸Ϥһ£ͷϸһ㣬ѻǲ٣ⳡҲԽԽͷӣҲЩͷûпôˣ˵ö֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôϣģҲø˾ͺã
ԱڵʱһԼǰϽӣ̨˵˼䣬ƽǳͬƺֳһʽɶԵӰ죬Ҳࡣ
ʵ˭Ҳ˵ʲôǱүӵĺˣ˵ʲôȻһƬĽк
Ҳûйռʱ䣬Ǿ̳ˡһܣ̾Ͷ쳤˲ӵſһЩˡ
ҵӵܵ͵ǽĹ˾֮ǰܶ˶֪ҵĵϵеڹ˾˺ܳһʱ֮󣬴Ҳ֪ŶԭСҵİƽϰš
кұصôܣοҴû˵СŮ
ҲЩţǸѾͷʲôӣڿˣԺһҪ뾡һа취׷֣ʱԼɾһԾˡ
ۣƯ
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˵ôܳ谮СŮͨŮӣҲΪ׷Ķ󰡡
Ҳͷһξ̣ѧУһ˽еУͱ˹עˣҲԵжɨһȦ֮󣬺ȻѾܳһʱûмŷҹȻһЦλû˻֡
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ڸأҾ˵˧ģ
ˣڸһӣ
Щм䣬ĪҲ΢΢⣬ŮԼֵģʣŮ϶ҲԼĵӰԲô˵Уһ۾ϳ
ĪĪοˣ£ٿٷܶʮꡭܶһӶŮȢؼǿ
һţźۼһԼ·΢΢һ·ͣԼʼնһ۷״̬
ĪоԼĲ̫ˣһӾѧ˹ľѧǹû飬ɰɣֻҪõһŮˣܵõһӶòĲƸָҸ㣬ҲֻһӬͷСֱһʦ
ƯֲүүҪܱ֮ϣ΢Ц⣬ʿؿ޵
лл̲ʶˣ֮ǰѾõϢżҵ˻ԶҲİˡ
ΪǿһЩϵټҸżұͿһͷȻҲʲôøУֻǶԷֵʵûʲô޵ĵطҲ˼ɫ
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Ӵ֮һöͨ͸׹Ͽһ̵ֻķˡ
Ĳ˵͵ͨ͸̵䣬һѵõıһǵ񹦣ǿƹ񹤣˶̲סޣﹻһѡ˾ɣֱǸ˶ϲ
һЩ˸𾪵ǣ˵ʦģһǷõģϢɾֶˡ
ܷ˵һ
ͷȻɴ˭ûмǴʦÿɲ١Ȼ඼ƭӣҲˡһЩõķҲһЩѡʱѡ
ַһ㶼ЩͨĻɫ˭Ҳûмϵȵɵķһ뷨ϵȵĻɫǿ϶һģҪķǮֵ˭ôõĶ
Ҳ˵ⶫʮа˾һķҿܺ룬ɵʦǲҲ˵ԺҲ
ֻһǺܶ̾ʹ֮Ļ˵ʾȻ˼ҵʾҲǽںһǸӵǰϵģ˭Ҳûа취ʲôƫƫĿѾﵽˡ
żӰ
ܶﶼôţżҵȻָһ㡣
Ȼһ֮һ궼ûҸŪ÷ˮѾԨżҿ⣬κĺȻҲŬȴûʲôر
̣ȻƯһ۾ͿԿûʲôǸҲûоʲôҪһĻ֪˼֡
رżҸЩ˵е˺һһźţڳǾˣ̾ζ
Ȼ֪ʲôǷ˶ôȣôƯҲֵ֪ƣʱҲΪ
ʵ̫ˣҿɲգҸżҶԸԷβμһСջᣬһݳ϶ʲôѰ⡣
£ôҲҲܾɣҲֻ£ʾԶԷĸл
ֱֵʴҵЩ˼óˡһǰ˼
ڳ˶̽ĸΪżҵڣԶûǰԭΪɹôҲֵˣû뵽Ȼðһ֪ôСӡ


152 Ĵ
һʱҵĿⶼ˵ϣѾЩãҪǰȥصСӸקҲԼʲôݣ͸Ҹżүĺ
漴˾Ѿ۷׷ףλ쾩ҵԣ쾩ң˵Ԩһѵ֧Ԩң
С
ոȥһˣ̰ջҿһҪǿˣɾͲ֪ôˡ
쾩
˵쾩ҿҲĴ尡ؿкϷˣ
쾩ĸֵ֧Ļżһ治Ƕ֣
Ҳδأûո˵ɵʱҲǺܿ𣿡
Զ۾ͺûһ̹ȻشӻͳһҩƿŪһЩ׳ǵǿ壬˵ҲǸϰˣⵤҩĻڵҲвСĺô
̿һǸ״ҩƿǱ͵ģĻȤǿ׹ϲϾŮҲһԣǿҩܸȤ
ϧⶫ͵ģֻǿһۣ͵ЦܾҩԼ԰ɣȻǱϾһҿɳԲ쾩ҵҩ
׻˵ֲЦˣԷܴԶϣʲôҪһӡƫƫʹЦˣҸһҲûиװ쾩ҵӸ˦ˡ
΢΢һ£ƺҲû뵽ֻԵҲܲӻǸҿˣȻżȻ·ԨǼȻõϢ֪գһҪô˵쾩ҸԨҲͬһģҲ֪ҩȲֵķأҲǴҺ쾩ҵһ⡣
λҲԲһʡ͵ĵơ
̲ӣʵϰ쾩Ҹ˦һƣûܿҲ˵ˣ˼Ҳרģֻ·Ҳ˵Ԩжֻһ·ѡ
ⱾѾҪһϵˣֽ˵ˣҾһ˵Щˣⶫһ⣬˵úǣֻ쾩Ҳ֪ϢҪ֪ˣһҲһ
ЩǴģ˼ҿû˵ֻ˼ˡһ߶쾩ҵӸסˣһ߶ҲʾԼǳģԨҸ쾩ϵһҪƿɾ˵ȥˡ
һ򲽽ǲ쾩ʲôϸҲ˼Լ͵Ӷٳ˼Ҹʵ̫ʧˡ
ֻմǰүү쾩ңȴ⵽˾ܾ飬ʱ̶ֳȣʵûپܾҪȻ˼ֻ˵̫Сˣ˼ҳĳȴû˻վԨһ߶ġ
ȻҾˣ΢΢ͷȵԴʱһ׼һݴ񡣡
һ֪˼ǲ쾩ҳʲôϵʾֻԵ顣
˶ǰҡͷСﻹ̫ɣȻǲ֪ԨҸ쾩ʲôϵ͹ڣܴôһߣ֮õ飬ôأǱ߶ɻһԨżǶģǸҪҰֵʱˣ쾩õһɽ
һô룬ܻ̿е嶯ȻˣһͿ̵ֳʲôĻͻ̬ˣһʾûУûһһ΢Цź󱲶Ƕ̸Цһȫûһ¶˸ͷˡ
ѵԨһеƣżң쾩Ҳˣǵĵʲô
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һʱۻϵվЩ΢һһ֪ﶼǰθҹȥˡ
˶ǴģǸ͵ģ϶ָоԼĶõóֵϵվǿɾ׳ˡ
ۿֳѾûʲôóˣĪһ·վ˳
һΪ޵ЦݣСգμңǰЩӸպҲԵһĶҿҲֻСˣ
Īĳô⣬ܶ˶ʶ˭ֻЩոոйһЩĹǲ֪һСԱҪ²ʰɣϾ֮ǰĶһЩ̽һ̫ԱԼԼҶ
ôŵӣЩҲ뵽СбģȻ˭Ҳô׳յվ
ֻѾһɫľӣСذľиӴ򿪣óһųȭͷС
˵ʵֻ񣬶һǼõĴ̱֣ˮͷ䣬ʵغõĻǿɾеۣɾʮֻˣ¶ϣһһİ׻ڲǷ̻һ龰
ֻ汻̳һ˫ֵӣȻֻǼ򵥵ĵ̣էһǸоͬħһ֮䣬ʩչһ̻
ⶫӻǺƯűֵĵӴףĪǻ˼򵽵ģҪΪµӡɲðó
ллòԵĪЦһ£ƯҺϲ
ĪʱһĻŭţԼһжֵˣôŮѾЦˣ
ֻˣÿһˣõһЦݣ˧ȫûйϵġ
һϰ
󣬵ҲС㹻ǰĪ̵˶õ
˵һСҵӵܣûվģΪ֪֮ݺͲͲģܳͷȻǲͲҪٳ棬ʡøԼܹȥˡ
ʲôĪܲԼı衣
ǺǣʵֻһϣȻǱֵûȫǰ׻ð׻ֻǴûôѿûʵģúõһôˣǿϧҲȫһӵܣʯ滹һоģҿ汻еĲӦıֵ̣ΪһӼ̫࣬ԲѲűеˣֵҲǴ󷽣ֱӰӼٵҲеӦΪ˱֤ĲָӴ⡭
˵ôʲô˼
˵û꣬Ա߶Ѿ˲ͷһ䡣
ʵܼ򵥣˵ⶫȻǴӱֵģΪ̫࣬ǿӣֵǮģʼЦӵͦƯװԣֲܱ


153 ķ
˵˻ؿһĪ
ЩȻһССĪϾԷҲʲôǣڸ˼ͥӵܣҲжô߲ʡ
Īеһֵ⣬̾ͱλõȻ޴档
ϰһķϣ
Ҳû뵽ôһ󣬰һķϸһ͸Ůǵ˵棬˼ҵ͵ģ⻹Ƕӳ󰡣
һ̣֪ӦôԼľٶʱѾٴЦЦʵ䱾װεһĶҪ໨ô䣬ҵȷǺϲǲǱ̶ֵûʲôϵġ
˵꣬ĪǸӵòصͷʾԷҪ⡣
ǸӵֻչʾһԼԨҲûйĪԸ˼ʾ⣬ȻֻЦЦͷʾ˵
ĪһĸмҵС̫ƽˣԼôΣ£Ȼ԰Լ϶ǰˣ
ʲôĻһѸղ˵ĶջأһҪһصġ
Щ˵ôǿ϶һ֮󣬾Ѿȫ࣬ȫû¶ôĵ
ôλƯ𾪵С㣬ڶЧչʱֻԷѾĿȺȥ
ŷҹҵأһЦȻ
ڳ˶΢΢죬ʱ˼ҶûаóҪôû׼Ҫô׼Լò֣ԲŻûԭôһʣƱػ˼ҸоΡ
Ȼ̿ûʲôǸһĳʶԷӦûִ᷸󰡣
ڶݵɻ֮󣬴һ¶϶ҪôСҪ˵ĳҪôǱѾ죬ԾǿЩֵЦԷҲǽ⡣
ܶ˶ںߣϾ˸ҵС㲻ԸǾûбҪμɶˣȻˣ˿϶ͲԸ
ֻһ˹ִΪСˣ϶ʮֿ˳۵һλ˵ȻĪˡ
͸ŷҹԸһٰʮŷҹҲԸһôʣȻǳԼϣǷˡ
ʱһ̾͸оԼǰһƬ⣬׽Ļˣŷҹĳ󣬸ѿĻҲˣȻô
ŷҹԷԼ˶ķ򿴹Ҫ͵ʱҲֻǰӻͳһ׼õľУ̣տ֣
ллûпְ˹ֽ֮գգ۾ҿԴ𣿡
ǵɶ֮ɣŷҹԥҡҡͷ
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ǸҲһ۷Ϊ쾩ңվɵĴţʶ϶ҲȥŷҹȻñ֪Լϴ赤
Ȼʲôϡĵҩ֪Ʊػ¶ĻʸӴ󼸷֡
ǿɲƽɣǵﶼǰڳģѵﲻܼ⣿ĪǺЦŷҹһü
΢΢һüͷĪ˵ҲЩû뵽ŷҹ˵ֻΪһ˾ʹŮＫȲûҪŷҹӣ뵽ﲻɵúݺݵĪһۡ
Īû뵽̻Ӵ֮£һ۵üĿ顣
ҲʲôصĶò֡ŷҹƲƲ죬СӣûгԹѵԼ֮ǰţСӣţ´ٳŶ㣬϶ٸúýһµġ
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⻰һ˵ʱвٵ˶Ц˳
Īһ⣬ΪԼĻ˴ҵĹһ°ԸŷҹأһΪԼĻо˾Ϭ
ʵ֪ǣЩ仰ԼͬЦĶ
һ鲻ֵǮʯͷҳ׳ʲôʸȥЦ˰ûվһóĶҪǿʯͷҪӡ
ŷҹһĪٿһ̣ʵֻƿùȥҩҲûʲô˵ġ
ҩСգ㾹ȻҩĪüͷ
⻰ʵڣһվۻϣȷû˭ȱһҩǲ
ĪҲû뵽Լһ仰쾩ҵҲˣΪ֮ǰ͵ľҩ
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ĪͻȻоһ⣬һҲûעʲôֻǿŷҹô͡
ǺǣʵҩҲͨĶҲһСϵõ˵Ǵ˵ϴ赤ԲŸó׳󡣡ŷҹ˼һת֪ԼĪƣСӻҧסˡ
ϴ赤ʲôĪˣǶԷ˵ϵĶһʱ˵˿ⷽ治ˡ
תһ룬϶˵ģʲôⵤǵģǵӰݵĶԼݵӰģܱˣ
Ǳƭ˰ɣϴ赤һһƭӣӰĶţ̡ĪҡҡͷȻû˵ʲôǿɫ
ĪʱжѾʱ뷨ƫˣտʼʱ򣬻ȷΪҸŷҹõĹϵ԰ԼһܸŷҹʲôͻٲˬҲҪԺ˵
ǸոһССľٶ̾ı⣬̿϶ǿŷҹȫ֮ǰҵĴǰŷҹܵʲô
ɣҵͬѧΪͬѧƭһΣҲ㲻ʲôһǵĻǾ׬ˣǵĻҲҪŷҹ̯̯֣һ޹ı顣
ǺǣһЦ˵ذѺ
Īɣʶ㰡ŷҹתͷͿʼĪʲôţ
ΧһƬЦ֪ǹģһ߶˵ʶһ߶װ֪ǶԸոĪĹԵġر
Ҵա
ŶŶŶҿݵĵӰţر࣬ϲľĵӰˡŷҹһŶЦ̰°

Īû뵽ŷҹ䣬ɺ˭֪رĳһ䣬Լո˵ģӰĶҲţ̿϶У⻰ûа취Ҳˡ
ǡԼոֶˣ
뵽ĪҪԼһ٣ѾˣֻڨڨЦЦҲ˵ʲô
ϴ赤ǵǱҵĵҩҪЩ֪ܲҿ
Īǲ˵ˣ֮ǰڶȴüë˶ǰʵʦҩⶫҲܸȤҲѧ˲٣ܿó١


154 ɶ
ԥһ£ȴǿŷҹһۣҲ֪ŷҹõʲôŷҹȻ˵СģǻǱǼٵģϾܶСǲģĶǲ֪ôȥ֤ˡ
ʵںⵤҩ٣ֻ˵ǼٵģŷҹոֱǸûӵĪɹϿ϶²ȥġ
Ȼ뿴һ£ǾǺǡʱҲֺǺǵǰŷҹ˵ͷŷҹ۹⣬һǺŵģҪȻҲҩ˾ˣ
һ仰Ѿ鶨˻ˣܶ˶óŷҹһ൱صı֡
ⵤҩĻǼٵģ˼Ǵݳȥˡ
˻֪ԼҲ̫ʵⳡɶϣŷҹҩߵķʽչʾǰȷڱʾҶŷҹ֧֣ɶԵĿġ
ҩ
½С˾
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һ仰úܶͬУһЩ˿ŷҹĿͶһЩĽʣȻǺޣ
ŶĪŷֵҲҩ⻰Ҳ΢΢һ£ոûעŷҹһŲЩͬ
ȻԷǳ
ڴ徳ʱ򣬲ǺѿԷʵǵ֮ϵΪԷΪԼߵͣЩоȻȷԷΪǶ٣ǴҲиΧ
ԵһۿŷҹʱûעҲˣٿʱֻöԷٲһͨˣΪʲôȴȫûио
ƣǿܽܣƫƫһƬһʲôоҲһСģ˿϶򵥡
ŶʲôҩƺǺܸȤӡ
裬ֻҪԹ֮󣬶ĸı䣬ǿǿŵģȻҲһЩݵЧԤ˥ϣŷҹʼЦ
һԶʱȤˣԾƭŮ˵Ķһߣôȥϡƭ˵ҩ
ֳвٵĹ󸾣֮۾⣬˼䣬֮ģ˽֮ŮǿҲġ
ԴнӹǸӣֻƿְһ򿪣΢΢һ£üͷ
ӣոձڸѾ˵ȺĪڰţٵģٵģ϶Ǽٵġ
ʧˣŷĶԲǼٵġһиŮӵͻȻ˵
ĪһʶԼո̫񣬾ȻҲһֱţű֪ʲôʱֵСŸˣҲΣϾϴԼΧʱСŷҹȵԼԼȴԸŷҹԣԼо˲˼
ֻǸոҵĸоȻ˵ڣΪŷҹԸ̵ĺøأɽǰԼȥˣʲôҲûšڵ˼ŷҹܳһĳ󣬺ô
ҩϴ赤˰죬ȷ˵
ŷûֺĪһ̾;СųЦ
ƣСźһм̫࣬뿴ŷЦŶûУȰ㻹ǲҪŷϴʲôˣȻֻøѿ
С˵⼸䣬ԹԵߵһ߶褽ѩ˵ȥˣʣĪ⻰ֻҧгݡ
ͿҾͲһѵ·Ķܻ÷ˮ𣿡ĪݶСһۣŷҹǱߵ
һƿȷǡŷҹҲЦˣҸոո˵ǸŮӳ֮󣬻ıøݹЧҩˣһƿϴ赤
Ŷ⻰ЩԾˡ
ոȻ˵ƿҩϴ赤һ仰ţⵤҩҩô㲻ϴ赤ܰѵҩ̶ֳȣҲѾ첻ˣ˵ʦûôĵҩҪĵҩˡ
ŷҹˣҲҪһ£лƶıһֻƺԼⵤҩƷʵȻû˵ˡɣΪߵĵȻǿˣǸһΪģҪĵҩǲˡ
裿Ҳôҩƿҩ衣
ŷҹ֪ܲܿһҩ裿һλӣ΢ֵŮ˵
֮⣬мҲĶŮˣҪҲǰո˵ôҩ衣
ʲôķõöˣЧģȴûʲôľۻϣСӸôڣȻҲҪԡʱ棬ҶԼиӡô˵
ǼŮ˶û뵽ǣŷҹˣȻҡͷˣ˼λöҩΪ׼ģҪĻȴ۰ɣǾ仰ǻҳɱ۵ģҾͲ˵ˣʡ̵ɶϣҶҵһģ
һЦȻôһЦ
ɵõ𰸵ļȴˣϾǿҪЧ
ŷҹ㿴ոλҲǲҲǿλ󸾺ĵЦЦֻĿͷеԵЩţɲܶԴ
ȻǿԿģΪҩģԲǳЧһҲЧܿ㲻ܿŷҹʼ磬ΪŹ֮ǻȲҪȥǹ˾ƷģǴҿɾ浱ˡ
һЦܶѾˣŷҹ죬ˣһֱ˵ȴ˵ûˡ
Ǹȴ񲻴һȻǰȥǴҶڴҲɣ
Ϳһ°ɣҲſһЩȻܰŷҹҲδһ£ʡһ´һʧ֪ʱ䣬֪Լ˵һ
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ļλʶֲǺϤŮ˶˽
ʱǰҩƿϿһֻۣһŽҩ裬һȦӡȥͺƯһˡ


155 Ч
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Ů˻û˵ʲôԵѾѻӹҩƵ൱ϸҲΪ͵ҩʦֱʣǲҲĸְɣֶͨ˵Чʲôϡ顣
ʲô
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ϴ赤ĻǼٵģͻȻ
ǱĪɫҲһݣ԰һֱڻǿŵҩǼٵô˵ˣǽƻƭȥˡ
ֻһֻԼһ£ȴûмʲôۡ
ҩһ˼ţĶĵģڻ𣿡԰֮󣬲Ž˼⡣
ҸסˣǰʱģҿⶫӦģԾ͸̵ǺǣǵȻֻôˣûˡŷҹʼ
ȵʱǲǸڿһģ˲ʧʱز廰Ҫ˽øһЩ
ǲܵģҩرΪҲֻһŶѡŷҹǸЦһ£ֻܳŵλҩЧ϶ֻҪַã϶ܴﵽһЧҪһҩȵĻǾԲܵģһţǷƷ
̵ЦŨˣͷһξŷҹ˵Ǻġ
Եɫ˶ʵʮ̣ϴ赤ܲøֻ˵ͱ˴ûŵ̶ֳȣ˵һԼ֮ǰ鶼Ĩɱˣֲʲô϶ʡ
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Ȼˣ˾ҵ֮ĵһѶ̽һרΪնĶ̽ŮŵʡŷҹȻЦ
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ŷҹŴƳģŵƣǸ˼ִѶ̽һΪŮƵġ
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ھεɶԣȻ˰ҩͣڸǰѽͣǿ˽֮˭Ҳûа취һɱĶϵһֱһƷ
ȻǺý֮ǰ͹ͷһû˵ɶǰۣ̲ס̾һ
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˵ŷҹ֮ǰΪƽȫԨ޷Ƶ˸뵽һ
һͨСôƳ磬¶͸ΣŷҹһоͶ˵ͨˡ
ԨżܳһõóĴүԨǴһóҩͱˣڵľȻ΢
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ǶǱȽԾ֪ѡԼĿǷǳСģΪ֮ǰѾȷرʾĳ˵ĺøУȻŷҹˡѡһԼϲаĻһŷҹɣǵĻʵ̫Сˡ
һǶĿ̵ϣ뿴һԼжǲȷġ
ɫȹ̣һֻĺһ㣬ֱȺȥ
ŷҹûжӣҺ񻹵õ˲ĪʱͻȻ̧ͷͿ΢Цˡ
ǸµòʵǸүϲŷҹǶŷҹûʲôȤģҪȻҲոҪŷҹ鷳ˡ


156 
ĪѾţһҪô룬ԵԼӵڲͬʱ˵ЩʲôѾڼٵع˼ˡ
ĪѾѾڹһһһʱ򡭡
̴꣬߹ȥˡ
ƾһըףĪ飬ǹһվȫȻû˸ղŵľͷ
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Ȼ󣬵øоԵĺЦȺӵܣвٶĪķ򿴹ȻʲôҲû˵ȴдţ⣡
ѸٵתȥֻѾߵø󣬸εŷҹǰһֻ֣ĿȴŷҹߵŮѯʣ𣿡
ޱ飬ֻ˪ؿһۣͲ˵ͷŤһȥѩ΢΢һЦֻŷҹĶ˵һʲô
ŷҹЦһվ̻С
ղŸ˵ʲôûʲôֵľٶȴ΢΢ͷ˹ȥŷҹĶʵ
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һ£źݺݵԼС߸ɫزŷҹһš
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Ժ֪ܶĶΪʲôŮҶôƯһŮѣѾʲô̶ˡ
ֻЩֻܷˡ
˵輼һһ磬ʱΧ͵һЩЩĸǣҲòϣŷҹҲЩϵġ
ҲвˣǴǰѾʶŷҹģϾŷҹŷһûеµʱԨҲһŶֻڴٿŷҹʱѾǰһˡ
ЩѾʼţܲŴǰһЩϵŷҹȥ׽ǲǱڸʾãϵ˵ܸһء
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СŸĹϵѾǳ׽ˣ˪ʵûȥսֻðĿ궨λ˲ţȴҲܺŮϡ
ԲҲġѩܿػӦ˶Էһ䡣
˼ˣѩǻҲģСźܲصĪһۣǰûзôɶ񣬿Щˣֻڴαװ֮󣬲ܿİһ档
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СšѩСæסС֣ѾͷһʱƲסЬҵԷϡ
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ԲСŲ¡ѩСһ£̾ĪЦ
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ΪҲ롣ѩͷ
߶ԶһĪһϲԼƳɹˣһ߰ɡ
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ȷһֱû˵һ仰褴ʱҲڣҺ֣صؿĪ
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Ī߷ߵţȻŮ˸ˣһŮһӡҪĻ򲻹Ůˣ
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157 ǻĵ
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΢΢鴤һ£ûбܾһǵźܶ˵档
褣ƷܼͦģҿԱ֤˵кôǾͿ϶кܴĺô㲻ٿһ£֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼ˻԰ǻ
˼Լ˺ˣ˭ı֤СʱЦ
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΢΢һһţǻǸѰ顣


158 һ֧
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ףȻ˵ףȴһ˶õı顣
ҲֵöԷᣬԲȥͣ¶Ҫ˵Ǹ鷳ء
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кϷˣܶﶼŵڴذĿɨȥ
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ҪҪһ̴ЩƤʵ
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ˣܶ˿֣֪Ĵ߿ʼˡ
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Բŵ˵ؾܸŷҹĻ̶ȵģϾҲ
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ŷҹӼ򵥣ֻ˵֡
ȻѩˣҪߡ
Ϊ˰˾ſɶԣģԲŻŮҲ˶Էĺģû뵽ﻹ鷳
쾩ңǴţȻȲҩʦţҲһҩɡŷҹû뵽ǣԷȻһ۾ܿ褵
һ鷳Ϊһ֪ˣ϶˴⡣
ŷҹûкˣ˶ǶҵĲȴ˿ĲκڸĽ̸У⡱¶ŷҹ֧֡
ѾǸȷ̬ˣӸһЩ׼ŷҹ׽һָʾͷڸŷҹ̨ӳϷء
ȻΪʲôȷ̬ȣѾ㹻ˡŷҹݣһ֮䣬˲֪ٱҹ˾Ҳ֮ǰĲۣʿ۾
ŷֵܣȵȣŷҹ뿪֮Ҳ̾˸һ·͸ų
ôʲô¶𣿡ŷҹתͷЦ
ŷֵܣҲİɣܲһʲôɣ
СŶǣкܶûţʵĵҲЩֻҸڵĻᡣ
ûʲôɣйϵ𣿡ŷҹʡ
Ȼһߣûɲ֪ţǿڵ֮һԾþԼסԷҲ㹻סˡ
֪ŷҹ֪ЩϢ֮ǰǶԹһ˽⣬Ҳһģӡѡ
㲻ӦңӦʵŷҹʼ磬褣Ȼ죬Ҳʲô
԰ĿͶ褣ӦѾҵˣŷֵӣԹҲһ˽⣬ֻҪܸߣұ֤ڵŷֵܻҪ
ûлݡֻǺܴҲȻĮؿ˶Էһۡ
ľأЦЦ
ûлɣţǶҪģֻҪܸıͺá
żȻ֪ûвġ
ʲôʡ
ȻǾˣԾöԷڸԼװɵ
ѾδΪʲôҪߣ褻شúܿ죬Ҳɨһ¡
ͻȻоԼû˵𣬡ˣҲûⷽ˼Ȼô벻ѧ
ô褻ǷʣûȤ
ĿͶŷҹϣԷܰ˵һ


159 ǿֵģǿ
ˣŷҹֻ˵
ҧҧǰٰ⼸סŷֵܣ㲻һõʣȴûһܿϧ𣿡
ϧ𣿡ŷҹζؿ˶Էһֻۣ֪Ը飬˭ҲǿҲһ
ŷֵܣ֪ʣȴ֪һ˷𣿡ѾЩŭˡ
õү˵ţʲôʱŪúҪʾһ
ǲ˷Ҳֻ֪֪ǲ˵ͬ⣬ҪǿֵģǿŷҹǺЦһԷ˻֣ˣͣ
⻹㣬ʱ򣬻Ҫ쾩ү˦һţģûмôţģ
ʵа취ŷҹȻԸֻֽǶԷԾбĿļȻѾˣŷҹȻ
ֽŷҹܽ𣿵Ȼܣ
һˣ͵ڰ褵˹óǴǰٴζڰ״
ŷСֵܣôɲ֪ʲôʱҲ⣬Ƶ˵һбµһ㶼еСӣֵҲˡ
ǿѻѹȥ
ɵļȻȲңһȴͬСɣĴҲòСӦԣԶҲܿ
ҿĻ㿴еǸŮʲһһ·Ҳ൱áɿһ䡣
Ǻǡɿ˵ôҲûȰʲôֻЦһԼ˵˵
һǰһֻ档
ǿԵˣ΢΢һ£ոϳԿ¶ȻΣЩȴܶ඼ڹעš
һԷɫеѿס׷ײ²⣬ŷҹַʲô¶
һ棬ŷҹĺ̨ҲѾܷϢȥòһ˵ĵϸ
һ˿أָԵӵˣҪ˵һ̨ҲûУ˭Ҳš
ɶԻڼ֪ŷҹѾ˻ȥ̣Ѿ᲻ʲôֻӦһ֮ҲǰȥﻹһֱŷҹԼնһ
ԨҵһųɶԣôҴҵؽˣܶ˶оʱЩִ١
ɶԹȥ֮󣬴ҶɶԵҲǸŮ̶û̫ӡ󣬷һ˳ͷϷ
Ѿ֣ⰲŵģΪ˸ŷҹС˾ơ
һɶ֮ŷҹͨ̽Ҳڲͬˡ
ŷҹʲôˣ㲻ܹ⿴ʲôλÿʲôվһŷүӶôƳһˣûе
ûеƣŷҹҲһͨүӵһţĸҪҴùϵˣҲŲߣҪԼӾȥ
֮£ּһƬĹ湥ƣΪС˾ʱԨ˼ľްԡ
ãΪһѾֻԤԼһʮѽѡ
ҩ߾͸ӻˣͷһ쿪ҵԨ۵㣬ʮƿȻһСʱѾ۹ˡ
ŷҹȴ֪Щˣ඼ĳԼһõӡٸ׺ùϵ
⣬ֻҪͺãҲҩǸպЩˣҲǵͷӦһ£˵׽Բû񰡡
θŷҹϵĿĵˣŷҹ仰ܹȥЩͬ־ڷԼƭˣŷҹһƤ
ӻʮһƿҩܹʮҩ裬žһ飬ȥŸҸùϵæƾʲôԩͷ
ʲôҩ޽ɵҩȻһһš
Ȼҩģȱʮ飬ʲȥ
ʲҲʣŷҹȻ˵еǣòƸĹϵĲЩ˾ǳһưͿҲֻ˽뵰ȥŷҹʲô鷳
ԼչԷܲǵãҪԼȥ취ˣһԷˣ¶Ǹûĵļһ˵϶һǵá
ʱǱ߶һͨڷ磬û£ɵģǳ׸ˡ
ЩҩģֻԼùʮ飬Ҳȥŷҹ򽻵
Ϊʲô޳ܰǮɻ
뷨ŷҹû뵽ΪŷҹҩȻɱûô󣬵ǾЧ˵ȫǺģһصĽŷٻʮļ۸ܡҵͷԣȫа취ҩø˾ÿԡ
ŷҹҩ˾ĿģҲʾһԼҩĵĶԶ׬Ǯ̫⣬ԲŻŪһ߲͵ʮۡ
һ߶һֻۣǸѣһ߶ľҩ۸˼ˣ㻹ʲôʸ̸飬Ѿˡ
ôһ֮ҲʼĻ䵭Ͼÿ˶ʮȥзģЩˣֶˣһŷҹ̲ô֮̾ߵذҩƿĻһӣֻѵѣ˭ҲȥǸԩǮ
ʱҩĹһδȫǡ
Ǽѣҩڹкϵظл˵һֵ֧ߣΪһ趼۳ۣ׬ǮǮģڽһʱеۡҲǺܴʮ
ȻΪѾòĻ֮ڣʮļ۸ڼԤǲģ֮ʮļ۸ٲۣܳ˭һͬʡ
ʱЩϹ˶Լͬһĭ
˵ʮһƿҩȻǮģ˵һ飬㿴ҵ񣬰ޣ
ŪɵҲôŪİɣ
֮ЩҲһ뷨ǾٲɵˡΪһôӵֶΣܰ˶ƭȥ򰡣Ķôס


160 ҩ۵
ǮҪô׬Ļͳˡ
ſЦ̬˶עҩ۵㡣
Ȼ˵ˣҲûһȥ
¿ֵ˶ЦˣذԼȥ˰ɣûǵ֧֣ΪԼһֱôĿŵƭǮ
ԭΪҩܿͻıµӪԣļ۸޷˵ǵʮ򣬺Щʧһ
ܶ࿴ֲĵˣԶǰȥѯʣûʲôŻݻ֪Ĵһ¶֣ûС
Ӻܶ˶ˣŷҹǸСӻûⰡô
Ȼǰ׬һʣôȥɾͱһˣ綼һյ¶
һ£ӿʼѾҪ˸ˡ
ֱһ죬ǴȥɶԵĳˣһɶϣЦһԼҩɵӪߡ
˵ǲɵڳһҩ֮⣬һƿȥ˵ʱѾŷҹӵǱʮǿ¿߹ͣôǸʲôųʲôһѽٶʮ򣬿϶ҲǴģ˭Ա˳ŵĻʮȥƽٺÿܵԣǡ
˵²ۣҲǹһЦȻЩ˶ûпŷҹǴҲѾΪ̰ͼСֶӣȫͨ¹ʵСˡ
˺ˣҶ˵ˣο֯Ļ߶˵˵Ƿǣǿɲá
֪ô¶𣿡˵ҩôһСȻƹ˴Ҷĵˡ
⻹ǲ˶ʾԼ治˽Ļ
˵Դӱƭ֮ܵĴͲᣬҲûǸôţԼˣһµģ
ϣرôģ˶ʮˣҪСǲԶǳűĿȥǺǣ˵ζҪ˧ˣɲǡ
˵ǱסһĿҲһ򣬴Ҿһ£ˣԼͬ˿ķȥ
һ˶ղһģ̳һǰǸ˿ͣ
ǡ㣿бȽһŮʿȷʡ
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㣿
찡ˣ
㣬ǴӰİɣ˸ϤŮ̾ʵ
˵ĵĶǲԭװЩĲãǸĻˣٸߵļҲзյġ
⻰˿ɲ˵ֻиһŸҰ⻰ʵ̨ϣ¶Է
ǿ֪ңεˣҪȥĻȥˣȵڣҡҡͷص˵
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ֲ˽˰ɣϲְ취ĻȥˣõȵڣȻڱˣǿ϶ҵһرȻ޸õķˡ
˵˵Ƕأ
ŮһƬߴ٣ҲһЩ棬Ͼڵˣǰ˵֮ˡ
ٿڣ˭Ҳֻܲʮ꣬ʵʱ򻹵СŵԼһСİʴˣ˼Ҳˡ
Ȼҵӣǻصҿһ۵ȤûʵɨˣҪܰŸƯǿûʲôõģҲ۰
Ǻǣ治֪һæ׬Ǯɣô¶ȻŲʵġ˿׷ʵüŲˣõľǰʱԨúܻ谡ʱڹ⣬һֱڳҩ̫ˣԵŵʱҾѾоıˣλΪҩԹˣȻҿܻҪٶһʱٸҼ棬һľϲ
ܡ裿Ѿʯˡ
ոɵǸ
񡭡ҲԲۣҰҩˣ˵һʹ಻Լɵˡ
㣬㲻ƭǵİɣôЧеŮ˻Ǳʾ˻ɡ
˵ɫ̾ˣ۾˶Էһۣ㻹治˽ңΪȥƭ˵ǲţ˭ҳһָҩЧһĶ
Ҷ˰죬ûУ
ȻϵĹ涼˵ԼҩôôãǿЩֲǵһϵȵ֮˼ҾͻϰֵĽͣΪʲôûдﵽҩЧ
˵˰죬ԼΣ˼ҵҩһϵûС
˸ˣǺǣΪӰ飬ҿǣҵرáҲ˵ֱӴŴҼҿʼ֣ĩּһ䣬˭Ųȥһƿֻʮ飬ֲ𡣡
Ҫʮˡ
ոɵǸɵãȻؿڣûдӵʮĴ߳һ
ʮʮôҪŮ˾ӦöԼһȵϰʮʱҪƯҲˣԼƯһ꣬͵Ҫץˣ˺ǲذǸҲ鵽ˡŮˡ
ԣ˵öԣ׬Ǯٶ࣬ǶֽŮ̾ӦˣȥҾȥһƿԣʮֻ˼Ȧ齫
ŮǶʼƤҲЩŮƤ
ÿﶼʢһ¶ȥ֮һҪǸЧ
Ҳв裬вˣͳһľǰҩˣΪԼƭˡ


161 ƵѼ
ЩҲΪ󲿷ֱӰҩӵһ߶ٲֱӸţҲûйǲùֻһȽϵùģǰҩֱӾӵͰԼʮҩҪֻлʮˡ
Լָһ֣ʮȥˣ춼ûƵѼȥˡ
һεľۻᲢûϴҵɶôӴݣϾ˵ӰǱȲԨҵġΪˣŻиĽۻһһֵ
ЩҲиԵȦһʮʮ٣һ嵽˱ҩ۵㣬ٴγֳ𱬵ĳ
ⳡܿͱý岶׽ҶΪһµĳ׷׸٣ܲҵһЩҵıϡ
Ȼƣûзһҩжûв
ֻҲǳ֮󣬴һˣһЩʱ֪ȱÿƵģȻûˡ
ȻôûˣһҪƿأ˱Թ
ǲˣûڶѾ޹ÿ˶ֻһƿ
Ҳƣ
ɲҪС
ֶηҩٷĽǣһҩޣȫͬʱۣҩƷֻ޹ҲΪ˷ֹ˶ҩһƿ蹺֮ڣǲڶƿġ
һƿҩķʱ䣬ԲᵢЩ˵ʳãֻҪһֱõĻʱֻԼգһҩûˣҩĹٷ۵
ȻǻһЩˣϼһЩ֮ԱԼ๺ƿҲڴˣҪĹչǲܵġ
ҲΪԭ跴ҳøˡ
ͬҲǱߵĽǱߵķӦҪǿһЩΨһǣķ׷
ǶлˣЩ裬Ǹ˵ĸлˡ
Ԩŷҹƿŵ˵ǰ
ҲҪƿֻ˵Ŷƿ֮󣬾Ѿܴﵽѵ״̬ˡŷҹЦЦٶԣҲֻ˷ѣֻҪҪʱá
ŷǿˣС¶ѣ˵Ҳûаʲôæҵҳ綼ῴģֻҪԹˣΪĻ棬ҩǲҪġ⼸Եö˼ˣԹ֮ľͻԶ𣿡
ǵȻᡣŷҹ΢Ц˼ɲҩֻҪûʲô̼ЧͻһֱȫڷΣľͺã
ŷ棬ҲǿûвκεĸãȻҲҪҽԵԭˡ
ˣŷҹǸпһ£Ǹҵ˲ŰҪԼŪ治֪Ҫô֡
Ȼʶһо˼ƲһĲ̾ʹӴú˳
ʱѩһֱסڴãڵĴãѾΪҩָ۵֮һŷѾ߼۰Աߵļ涼һ£ΪԨһҩ
褣ŷҹȰ˵£ѾҽϾ⣬ǲҪ̫˽ӴΪãʡٳϴԵ顣
ҪʲôҩĻѾûˣɡɶսļ˽
Щÿ˶ˮһ඼ģͳһظһ仰ˡ
ǵҽֱ˵
ŶԲҽʲôҪ𣿡ɶͱֻҪʶˣ褵ģһɶڡ
Ǿˣ˵ƺŵ˭ܿȻǰ棬ȴǺһ߸ݵˡ
ŷҹͻȻŷҹӺĿ˸˼£ԭҲ
ҵȻΪҵҩŷҹ֪Է⣬ֻûеƣģûˣҲԼˣҸš
ɶЩһЦ˶һһƿģȻֻţϰ湻Ŷġ
ȿȡԿŷֵܣҪҵĶʦ֣ٷ硣
˵ʱѾ˿һǸݸ˳
ݸߵûʲô飬ŷҹôһۣѾǶԷĸˣЩ֮⣬ʲôٸԷнӴ
λǶʦֵ֣Ū˰ɣӾǴʦַ緶ŷҹ˸Ĵָ
ֻǺƽضһǣֹάȻܴ򶯵ʦ֣ŷҹǶһˡ
ʦôôݣһ仰ûԼ
ԭ˵Ĵʦַ緶ȻǶʦֲǡ
˵ɫе䣬źһֱûбĶʦҲתͷŷҹҪԼɱ˵Ĺ˼ɡ
褵δ򣿡ȻҪɱŷҹ̫ʵԶʦֽٷ˵
ǣҪҩĻһԸš
˿ĭ첻ŷҹѾɹһˡ
褵ʺܺãʦֵĻܼ
Ҵллŷҹ˵˾ߵĻŶҴллĿ佱
ٷ۾ƺܲŷҹô˵Ŀ⳯һɨ
̻⣬ߵǰŷֵܣһǵӦҲס
˵˵һŷҹܴ󷽵ŶԷļ򣬡˵˴ҶԼˣɶһţҪȡĻŶӣŶˣҲǮ
õġɶ΢΢죬̫࣬ɣÿ˸֤룬÷ҩ
ȿȡԺؿŷҹŷֵܣҲӣϴҸ˵褵ʾʺǴŵĹζʦҲרΪģǲһ£
ǣҪ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ʲô˼ٷ̲ס廰ˡ
˼ûҪǡŷҹͷ
ǽŷҹɡٷӵؿŷҹۣȻҲǹߣӦǴŰɣǴҪͽûп˵ɫ
˼ڶ̨ʡŷҹͻȻһŤͷҩĿǸصͷ
Է׹ԭ˲ǷӣǴ˵еԱ
ݵʲôǩɡһû򵽵Ů˿ŷҹһٷ磬ڤ˼һ֮ͻȻǰһۣˣǲװƬǸҪͷԲԣ
ٷ磺
Ҳ˵Ƕ԰ɣСŮʶȤر졣
ȥ˵ٷҲˣͨȺһֱ˵Ķױ˵ɵӡ
ٷ仰ת뿪
Կ˿ŷҹҲŸһˣֻǸŮ


162 ҩ
˶ǹ֣󹦷Ѿ뿪˶
ŷҹٷӦǸոսľسڣ֮ǰ۷壬ȻûôҲǰصĸ֡
ɵʵȷǲСġŷҹҲ֪һ϶ҪӲˣЩ֪褵ʣѶԷˣǲưոݵġ
ŷֵܣ˲˵ͽܣǴſ϶ʵȷǶǵĹٺʲҲǵһڡ
ţԵüëȻһҪһŷҹ
ҩʣҲֻżȻΪһ֪ģΪھϿҩʵĽ취ȻҲһŮˣ˵жİ
Ϊڸһûܵġ
ǲɵһŷҹȻûдѾжϣԼҪֵĻ˵Ķ֡Ȳѣֻʦ
ֻʦ֣Ҳûи˵Ϊҩ֮壬ԷһֱΪǿŮˣȴ˼ҵδ򲻿Ϸ֣Żְ˸ϵ
һֱԼúأκ˶֪ͼ褵ҩʣû뵽Ȼͱŷҹˡ
Ľٷ֣תһսļһȻһӦûУһİ˼˸ŷҹľˡ
ʦ֣СӲôʶ̧٣һֵʱһڽٷĶС˵
ٷ΢΢˵ͷǲѣҲûйֵϰߡ
ٷ籾ҲʲôƲ磬һЩ£ΪΪߣûбץסֱڹϾеİϾ͸ˡ
æʱֻԸһЩôŷҹôô̾ͬǷһСôͺҵһܴˣûкô˵˳ָˡ
Сӣ˵Ҳһɢ޹䣬ȻǹɵĹأ˭ӮˣǸ˾ֻܹԹԷӡٷӵؿŷҹһۡ
ԷʵѾһ۷̶ȣֻһЩصֶûóһعҪǿһЩ
ֻǿһأҲǰعĶ֣õľظ֣ûаŷҹ
˭ĹأǹĹؾԼΪߣͿǿŷҹ̬ҲЩɵӣĻҪһЩ
˲ݵ飬ƫƫҪԼһЩ˷ָĽڡ
ЩʵеļѾһЩˣֻŷҹϾһִˣһʱ֮仹ת䲻ֻʵ˵
ߣ˭Ĺأ㶼ùԹԵأûб±סŮˣþʹһóʡԼҲʹ죡ٷҲǿȵˡ
ŷҹ񳹵Щһֱ׼ţ֪Ҳô׾Ͱ֣ʱ褶Ѿ¶棬ΪľЩߣҪһЩǳֶΡ
ĸһϣһһŷҹҲ˼ֲм
ţʲôһȺ࣡
ǰ֪ŲʱЩʧڿЩˣǾ̫ˣ
һôܸͬһԵۣ
뼤ŭңٷǶ˶۾Ҳгһ죬취ɣɹˣ̾͹ңһ
ŷҹٴɨһǰĸˣţܲܰĸһɱ
ֻҪһƱضһ鷳쾩ҵûʲôµģҲֻһѣߵΪҲᳬأҾصҲ࣬ôһȫӦù
ЩҪֶλϣԲôŷҹϣȽϵĵЩ˱Ĵš
һţ´ǳԽͨ׼֮ģˣƱػŵı
Щһ֣ǾȫƺˣԼ£ҲҪΪ˿ǡ
λʲôڣҲಫɣͻȻһ˵볡С
ŷҹÿҲ֪˭ֻЦһģǿɲ˵㣬ŵ⣬Ҫٲ¾Ҫ۸ˡ
صӰ仰Ҳ΢΢һ㶣һ˿ȥλҶǹߣܻҪصİɣ
ԭ鳤þòˡһƾԣ˹ֻ֣һ򵥵д裬鳤õģ鷳ġ
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һǽٷȴкַܶöԷܵشѾԺѡεһ֣Ҳܱεһֻ֣ŷҹĵһ䡣

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165 ز
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166 úʰ
ԿŷҹѾϣԼȻҲ͸ûȥˡ
ŷҹһ˭жԸĶֻķΧʵ̫ˣҲ޾ϸضó
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Ǵſղ褣ǹɲУЩɿ²ȥӰɣٷ۾ź⡣
̻⣬Ҫ赶ǵòĶҲŷҹõˡ
ҲǹɼɵЩɣδؾͻһӣֻҪҩ֮͸¶Щˡ
ǸЩɵˣҲûʲôɣ뵽һ㣬ȷ̫ð졣
ǵĵȴһõҲΪļ˭֪ЩĶ
ģȻٷŵĺĵӣи
Եһ˿ײЦ⣬Ǹ赲СӣһöԷܵġ
¹ȥˣԨһƽŷҹҩȴѾȣŷٻŷɽľӪ£ССҩ˾һ֮ڣԽŷɽӪ˶ʮ깫˾ĳɹ
ǰڿŷҹʱ򣬶˵ŷɽĶӣŷС竰ܼӣڱڽŷɽʱ򣬶˵ŷҹŷĸףŷҵүӡ
Ȼôͱ˽үӣе̫ϰߣֱ仯ȴŷɽϲúϲ£졣
ҩ˵Ͱ˺ܶ࣬ϾһֻʮѽôѹģҲȫġ
Ҳվܶ˶Ʊֻޣڷѡ˿֮£˵ѾޣЩļֵӵһ𣬻нһڵ롣
ӵһûϴеմıѾΪһµ
ƣŷıÿһѶģﾲоܡڴ
Ȼܶ˶˵Ǻ˵˵һЩվ֤ùĳƷֻȫûио
Ȼ˹˵ΪƷã̲УΪʲôǶõ
ЩһСȦԶûҩһȫ£һЩҶ̸
ŻᣬŷҹҲʱһЩҩĵ嵥ֻҪṩЩҩģҩͻῼǸ
Ҳͬľٴ룬һǳƷǧŽֻҪУԸչҼ۸Ҫߡ
ΪԭͬҲûҩķӦ󣬱ϾǧĹŽмѣҾУһҲóġ
ҹ˾죬ŷҹһҲ÷ɡ
ҲҪʲô¶Ÿˣֻ֪Ӳƽ޹ʸЩ˸ãֵĻӦǼСġ
׻˵͵ţŷҹʹһʱ̶ŵ״̬Ȼǻȫ
ŷҹǲһ£̸ŷҹ绰
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֮ǰ֮壬ʱؾ磬Ϣ԰ѽ֮뵽˸ð취м̴̱ûȫɹ
ʱŷҹ˵ѹʱ䣬֮ڣܰⲡΡѾҪһˣȻ˼ߴŷҹ²ǰ¶Ժˡ
ȻҲʱûκβйأȻŷҹ϶һʱ
ڵΪǿˣǾү׼һ£췽ȥŷҹǸ˵
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ڣŷҹʡ
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ȿȡǾڰɡŷҹһ¶ͷ
ŷҹѩ褴˸кԼҶȥ
ո̸绰ʱ˵ľһΣȻҪһ¡


167 һҲû
ǰʱȻһڸŵ˽ʲôʶһɨѾ֪ôˡ
ԲǼСҪ鲻ڼңذɡſڵıʼظһ仰
ܲܰݷһһСҲС˺ȻǶ褱
һȻܲ⣬ʼնһΪ˧ʿ̬
ԲҪҲڼңذɣǻش
Ǽﶼʲô𣿡İôȥʵеʧܡ
ҺҪ鲻ڼңԡ
Ѿú˳ֻҪԷ˵κһ֣̾ͰָȻҪ鲻ڼҡ
ŷҹﰵЦһ̲ڼǸոüԼ绰˭
򿪳ţű΢΢ʾ⡣
ŷãСڵԸ˵֮̾ȥⱣһ۾ϳŷҹûгɶǴεΡ
ֻûΣǱ߶δˡ
ǲڼ𣿲ǶҪ
Ȼ֪ʲôҲ˿ûҪʾһµ˼Ҫ飬ذɡ
ˣ͸˵С˵ˣڼҡûʲôԵɣ
ƵǣҲˣԪϣȻҲô
ô˵ҲǴҩҵŵİѵһҲûУ
ŷҹȻȥôģҲûжٵĽ飬㲻ϤѳԿűһӣԼͽҡ
Ǳ߶ŷҹ֮ѾæŰŷҹĳͣλţظڡȫûаһ¶Ѿ˿һ
һֻ֮ܶԼĳҪߵʱͻȻ뵽ʲôҴԺһճһ֧ڳ
ѣ̿ŷҹ֮󣬵һԹ
Դϴεɶ֮ȥѧУкܶΧۣͲ׷ߵڸһһĸϲߡ
ǰŷҹҲеһԱڣƺŷҹô׷̫ˡ
ŷǹˡҲЦԼŮۡ
ΨһϧǣҲ˵ŷҹѾδޣСŮϣǲˡ
ҸոտҩҵΪʲôⰡ˰ɣŷҹʵ
еñʧקһģ漴ּ֮ͣң޷ǿڴ֧ŷҩҩѾչвǵĵλĴˣΪһжƶģԲŻ̣ͨȡҵֻ֧֣뷨Ȼûа취ӦӦͻǵˣԸɴ໹ǲĺá
仰ĿĶ˵÷ǳŷҹҲԭˡ
ʾãҳֺгĹϵȥ̸ϵ飬ֻ϶һḶ́ҲûҪһӳɹֻҪɹˣҩҵܵõĶȻϵúá
ֻôҲû뵽һôһӡ
Ȼ벻ԼźҪŷҹֵ֧ģΪŷҹļӰ
ϴǿϴ赤ԹûУŷҹʵ
ûûУǲǸõ𣿡ЩãȻ
¶Ȼɫ
Ѿҩ˰ɣŷҹͻȻ뵽һ
ûûСæͣҩƿӱѾͷڻһ˭Ҳɲóء
үүȤߵһ졣
ŷҹڵԽԽŶܲᵽԨŷôô
ĸŮûһİӣο˴ǰ׷Ժܶ̶ڣʱΪʲôûдӦŷҹ׷أ
ְûﶼõʱ򣬲Ż֣ᷢԭǸΰ
ʱ䳤ˣ̾ôҲ֪Լŷҹʲôоˡ
ǰϴ赤ɣýϴ赤ҩϷ֮һЩŷҹҲ֪ⲻö̸漴һ߶
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֪Ůʲô˼ڵˣҲö˵ʲôֻɷչˡ
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ŷҹȥĻкܴһҩᱻʧûа취ǵգԼģųϵҩܹյ
ô򵥵ˣȻһ֪ôӺˡ
ȻҲΪҩķǽľһֹĻʧͻˣɴҲܿŹĶ֮
ү˶һۣǸһŵҩŵ
ͬǣеۣһϲ
Ϊϴ赤ŷҹǴķˣһԸ
쾩Ź䴫УҸԼһͬļ壬Ըѹ˾͸ܴһˡ뱲ӵԸҲҪΪһˡ
ԼԼŮҲһ
Ӵ֮ԨңҲ쾩һйߵļˣ
飬ŷҹͻȻõе˶⣬ΪûôʱΡ
ҩһ̾һŻһ˳ž˶ʼŷҹķת
˶ϢûеˣȫǴ㿪ʼҪȫҩǲܵ飬£ȴϢҲһá
ϾһЩŷҹעϣԷЩʣֶ̾ɹһɹѹء
һĽ֮Ҳ˳һɶˡ
Ź˰Сʱ֮ҩѾ˿Ҫʱˣϴ赤ҩһ벻Ҳ㹻ȴǰǿˡ
ֱһ˿ҩŷҹһ
֮ͻȻһ£Ȼʼգûгκε״̫˷˼ˡ
תͷȥʱƺڰսľķҩŷҹ̽һ룬Ҳûзκε


168 һ
Ҳ֪Ϊϴ赤ҩ̫ãʲôԭϢǳ֮࣬Ҳǿ˼
ʦһƲл˵ʻǿŷҹܲȺ󿴵褡ѩ֮ҲоԼܵ˲СĴڵ̣ƺء
̫ˣŷҹ޺޵롣
ⲻ֪Լڱ˵Ҳһֵܹˡ
ʱûΪ۷壬ҲǱ˶̬ٶȰ
ţ̵ѾˣǺȻƳû۾˼
еġ
ŷҹЦû¶ҩ֮Զ״̬
ŷҹˣҪǼйⷽļأҲ֪ܽ״̬ģ޲һţԭ˵Ǳ֮ţպǰ;
ǽ죬û뵽һϴ赤ͽ죡
ŷҹš
⵹˵ϴ赤ȵҩҩﱾͼŴٽҩģϴ赤ֻǵӼĵҩû뵽ҲôͽҪô˵أ
ѽ̻۾ŷҹһգգضԼûɫһ죬ŵԼɢζ
̵ôæŷҹ
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ģ۾һԼõ˴жˡ
ѧȻԸԼҲѾˣôҲ̫ĳɾͣҲһԸѡ
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Ҫ֪ŷҹǿƾʵʵһܱȲ쾩ң
ǺǣŷҪĻǿԱһҰʱҲǳʱʱôˣŷҹЦ
ŷҹܲط˸ۣʣҪȢŮԸ
Сʱȥ̲ŴӷƤӨӨ͸һϸ۹⻬Ȼԡݺݴϴһ飬ֱԼˣŸҳˡ
оôŷҹʵ
ʵҲ֪һӽ죬϶ֳ࣬ϴ赤Ǽֱ̥һ
š΢΢ͷʱʸоܡ
ŷҹŵ
ȻɻȴǰС֣ɶԷס
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ո̽ʱǹеʲôĶʲôԼû뵽ģԲŻٴ̽顣
һ֮̽󣬵һоǶԷϢƽȣոս죬ܰϢôƽȣһһûŮʵ̫ѵˡ
ŷҹȵ̵ľǿȣʱΪ˺ܶ޸þü͵ģȥŮ˵һģΪʲôȻʱһأ
Ƕ⹦Ҳﰡ
Щ˼⣬ע⵽ǶԷϢıʣȻһǸϢͬ
ڱûйϵΪüǵãԼϢʲô
ŷҹʵ벻ô£ҴеļҲûгֹ
᲻츳̫ˣǽľϢıĿ̿ŷҹһֱ˼ʹȤ˵
ӣŷҹطԡ
󱯴ߵпܣ
˭ýŴǰû䣬Ŵûչʲô츳õĵӰɣ
ʱлʦ˵ǿҲûиߵĶȥ
ŷҹôһ룬ˡ
߶ǽˣŷҹҲһһһΣ̣Ҳ׳Լˡ
ȻûаʦŷҹѾ˽ˣ츳ŲҪĻʵ̫˱ˡ
һ鵹ʹ˲٣ԭۿԼһǿζǺˬġ
ϸһ£һ㣬褺ѩȥԭǵĽҲǲżˣŷҹֺúõøһ
ⶼǿģֻһչ
еĴţĸǷչ˼꣬еСģЩСţҲǸ⽣Ųȥɡ
ȱģ󾫶࣬ŷҹǶõġֻ˾ţټһЩʱĻۣСűȻɳɴš
ΪҪäĿ˵Ļֻúܶ˶Ƿ߾Ʒв˵ˣһڣԷչûкôᴦ鷳ϰ
߳ҵʱŷҹŵġ
ҲΪһæʹѾ˼СʱĳǱȥ
С㣬ǡ˵һɫͱˡ
Էûתߡ
һߣš顱һ¹ϣǰһԲǼСҪ鲻ڣذɣ
ãҧгݵﰵ
Ҳ̫۸ˣֱǳ¹¹Ӱ
ŷҹǺȤؿ˱һۣĶԷļ򣺡ǰ;
۾˵Ϲһ˵治ɫҲҪһĹģ
ллŷ佱ǫ΢Цһ¡
ûޣֻÿؿŷҹԼĳȥ
ŷһ£ͻȻӳһƵģžҪ뿪ŷҹ
Ǻǣʲô𣿡ŷҹûʲôøС
濴ȥͦһӶǻˮǴġ
ǺǣҲǲʶŰ취׽
ûǱˣҪǸҴһʶʲôõġŷҹҡҡ֡
ǳһ£ȷ̬֣ҪǸȵĻԼʮֻҲġ
Ȳ˵ϾѾʶˡתҲ죬ֻҪ棬ҲѣҲ֪ҩҵĵλģҲŵģҲԹ˾ܸȤǿǿֵĻ
Ŀǰǻû㡣ŷҹ֪Էʲô⣬ܲؾ룬ԺҲ˵
ŷҹ˲ּнˣǺڵʱ
ⳡϣ˵׻˵ûвѣֻв棬Ȼһȡ棬ֶֺΪأϻǸӡ
¶˵Ҳˡŷҹٰ֣Ѿ
ģǲţˣҩأ
ѣ棬ǺǣŷҹϵƵᣬκ˿˶ٵġ


169 Թ
ˣù˾ѾҪвҩҵĵλˣôһѾˡ
ֻҲ̫ˣ
ҩĿǰȻȲҩҵڵĹģҲͬСˣڶжѾҩķ㣬гҲߵ룬Һ۸ǸߵףȴƫƫڻҪӻ𱬡
ҩҵܶ˶ǰЩ˵ǱȽϱģԽԽĵ£ܶҩƷҲôˡҩƫƫһ⣬ļ۸һֱǵ£֮͡
ܶ˶ͼ䷽оһһʧˣҩҵҲ⡣
רҸĽǣ溬к֣ܶжٶʣкܶӰ죬ǴĶģҩĲӰ죬ûһҳġ
ŷҹõȻʲôĵرҲɽҰҵͨҩġ
磬Ҳ㶼ҵĶοͨˡ£ҩֱһһʮΪŷҹƶҩ֮⣬˶ûа취ó
ⲻǾԣһЩҩϹŶŷҹ⣬ǼһǸӲʵˡ
ŷҹһ˼ֻһӣȻ󳤳ȫǳҡǮĸо
ȻܲϰߣǱˡ
ңȻҲǸҩйأżȻҵĹϵûа취һЩǲ練ŷҹһȱڣʱҲһ𶼱ˡ
ֻû뵽ŷҹﾹȻҪʲôջҲûˡ
ŷҹѾ褣Ͳܰø𣿡ͻȻЦƵĿһŷҹ
֮⣬ʵ̽ŷҹûǷ˼
̣ŷҹǺһܴ󷽵ذһ֣øˣ
˵ſһ̵طɱȥ
ձǾ仰˵÷ԼˣڲŷӦٿյҴţʱԼˣˡ
Ŷȥë
仰Թ
ۼŷҹǿòŷҹǿ۷ȣŷҹǿ֣ˣ
Լŷҹǿô࣬ôͷһﾹȻñԼҪ⡣
ֻҩҵһӶѣ̳ܲܵ˻һŷҹأŪһҩҵͷ۵ҩ
ЩҲˣ˵˵ҪĻİΪëЩŮҲû۹⣬һһۣȴŷҹСôã
ŷҹȻõ˸һ֧ĻᣬҲΨһһ֧裬֮˭룬һ½˵ˡ
룬ˣǱȽϿ˵ҪǿڶԼ̬ȣܻ˵ԲҲ
ЩŮôˣѵŷҹͿܽˮŮһճȥ
¶ԽԽŲҩˣüֵͷĻ˵Լļ̳˻Σˣʱܵõٻ˵׼ء
ĥ˰֮سͳֻϴ˵ǸаŵŮˣܲϵţԣǮԼ桭
ԨưɵһɳϣǰŮ˺ݺһѡ
֮ǰһѣŮȻǹģǾ˵ΣգŰԼͷѹ
ҪԸʲôˣ˲һ۸ǲͬġŮ˿ˣ˳ָһָһ͵һ֮һ
ôһ̾͸оԼѪڷڣҪһȥŮ˱ס
үܿ״̬æԱһ¡
ŮҲǱ˽ܵģҲ֪Էĵϸֻ˵ǺҺаšʵϴαŷҹڴѺ½ˣְ֮󣬾Ѿ׼ҪԸŷҹģֻǺЩʣһֱȵż档
ΪرУ治˴򽻵ʱ̶ŵˣŮϣʲôħһʱʱһ£οǼҶƯŮ˴ûʲôүء
Σգһֱ仰ԼѾҧ˼
ţȿȡҲû뵽ԼľԵ֣ȻҲôֻŮʵ̫ˣһҵİܼӣŲôѶԸ
˵ҪǮɲɵӣʡһЩǮĻǵȻʡһЩˡҩҵɲģҪó̫ʵǮҲǺ׵顣
ոձƽٴҪƣԼȴеȻδӣֱ֮ͻȻʶԷѾһ֡
ʲôһ򣿡ǳ鴤һ£ոʶŮ˾Ȼôգ᲻̫ˣ
𣿺ǺǣˡŮֻбƳһ£ԹȦ
һת۱ôȥ᲻ֱ
ŮǸˣ˶ЩëôȥȻʲôð취ϾԼҪæ
ٿȥɾҪˣŮ˿ȥżСͳӣʮ־ϸزױ
ԣûôǮԥһµ
ǾˣǿǸŲǷġŮ˺ϾӣվȻѾûȤ̸һЩջ
ڿԸʮĶֻҪǰˣһֶ٣ɫ
ƾһ˵ҩ޴ǱָˣӼͷǶŪǻǺ׵ġ
ˣ̳˵λӻϾѾ˻ЩֵҪٰᵹûʲôˡ
һ룬ǵĹشûƹŮĵؿһۣȴûаı˼
ڵȷûôǮҧҧˣǲʮܿ˰ɣ
ʮ򣿡ŮͻȻЦˣүܻ


170 Ʒ
ǾɣǽˡŮɿڡ
ЦһҪ۵ģӲһ򻹳
˵ǣȻʶ˶Էôʡ
һбˣǾˡ
ȻΪŮˣȱһԼ𣿡Ů˳ʳָһ°͡
ǰŮڵǱŮ˷ˣȴһжûУոһ˲䣬һȼҪԷһ·ȥĸо
áã򣬶ʮ֮һȫ㡣òײŰֳ嶯ѹ
ôǳױɷҪֱӰŷҹһҩȻûĹǣҲһҡ
Ѿ˵ҩ裬ʵ̶ܴ϶ŷҹҩģͻȻˣҲûˣҩĸֻҪһ壬ȫ塣
һŮ˵аѶԷɷֶΣĻ˵һЩʹҲ˵׼ԶֱɱҪɱҲĥԷ
ǾֻʣһǣʲôҲ֪ʲôҲˣǵĸ˵ҲͱֲҪǿһ㣬۾ܳԷѣģ͸̱ɵһŮƺڽһƷ˵ʱ۾ˡ
𣿡⵹ǽޣЩŮ˿ѡ˳ʲôӣǲӵܵԼĻǾͰɳ׵ķɣܲһ£Ҫʲôֶӵģ
¶ԷٳʲôʣæֲȻҪǲ˵Ļ͵ʲôҲûʡ
Ǻǣ⵹ҲûʲôˣֲʲôĶŮ˵۾ٴ⣬ָԼһֻ첲ػȥڼ鼡Ĺ⻬̶ȣֻҪһδͿˡ
ˡ
س鴤£ǸɷһðŸЦ
оԼ˵ֵʱȫವġոȵѪһȫˡ
ʮ֧Ʊ֮ʽؿʼˡ
˿治֪Լʲô뷨
ҲЦˣֻЦúǿе޵ӡ
Ů˵ȷǹˣǴǰԲ׷Źڡ
֪Ů֮ʲôңҪ
˵ǿԿƣһʱҪŮŮƯٹˣҲʲôܵɣ
Ů˿ӣЦû֦ҲүĵСİɣֱŮͿյӣĲʲôȤ
˵ƲƲ죬Ť߳˰ᡣ
٣һ
Ҳ֪ΪŮ˱ӣΪӹһ٣֮һ͵ɳϡ
ȴæү˸ƣԼѸٵشڵſڣ⿴˿һ
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ˡүŮ̫ΣգһҪСģǧҪʲôõĻȻɲöԸ
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ֻһźڲˣԶһε
ǡ֩ʱѾվɣȻʲôƱ˿ˡ
Ѿ߽ˣŷҹһٰۣĿ֩ϡ
ΪʲôҵͬĹˣ㾹ȻһӦûУ֩ŭӡ
㡭֪֩ԼƭˣȻƭҲֻ̫ͣûаһ¶ˣѾͬĹƱƳ⣬ȴרԸң


174 ȥ
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ŷҹʲôҲûУֻȭͷŽķ鿳һ¡

Ŀɿڴ֮УǺų֮Ľϣشмʿֳ룬ڵϡ

Ƕǣ֩Ҳû뵽ֽ
ŷҹѽʱѾŷҹ̵ģ˭Ҳ֪ת
׹ԽԽ򣬾Ȼ䵽ֵزɱ֣һǺûƷɱ֣ŷҹҡҡͷȥʲôˡ
ֶΣɱ֣ܶҲмôģЩߣǴûĹߣȻõôİãҲΪˡ
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ǵƤ˶ʵҪ̾ˣǷǽˡ
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175 ʽ
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ŷҹһڲϵСһĹâһһëĻƺʹ˳
ŷ磬ƭˣ˵һҳģһҳΣһѾʮˣҪˡһ͵һţĵط񱻻ӹһ
ˣһѩĶŷҹæ˵
ѩ𣿡ȵͣ
˰ѩ㣬ҵʶΧٶȿ죬ǷͷߣҪҵȻбΣաŷҹ˵ңϢ֪̾ͨҡ
ŷҹΪģ֮ȻϵҪκֶΣֱӸ߶ԷԼ
Ȼ˸Ұѩ㣬̫ɶˣҪǣ
ŷҹûʱƽʱƵ̫ˣѩȥںֻСѩĹϵŷҹҪס
ŷҹҡҡͷҪˡ
˺Ѿˡ
һʧŷҹҲѸȥ
ٶȲϺʶ֮ȴȺǿö࣬ҪÿһطֻܵҪʶһɨܷ̾ûˡ
ŷѩ
εǺǱҶ˷̸ŷҹ
ŷҹԥһźķλȥ
ţ
Сľʱʶһɨ֮䣬ŷҹʱȥֻкһȴûѩټ
ʱղź˵ǣѩû˵ѩ
ûвѩȥŷҹһݾʵ
֪ʱһ߰СŮüͷ˼ѩζⷿУҡﻹСζУҲСҧϵģǳ֮󣬾ʲôҲŲˡ
Ȼŷҹ֪˶ٱŲŷҹȻҲʲôҲ
ŷҹɨһܣСľֻһ䣬ĳҲǳ򵥣ֻһŴһӣʲôҲûУȻﲢסӣֻһʱһЪŵĵط
ϵӾϣڶǳȥԸʱСûҧѩһˡ
ǡ
һϢŲŷҹֵʡ
ûСҲüһѩζûˣⷿҲܵӦ˺ܴ󹦷ˡ
ߣȥңǰɽҲҪҵŷҹźһ뿪
ʱ䣬ŷҹͺϢûУһֱѰѩ䣬пܵĵطǶһһȥ̽ǲԨƬɽҲŸɽһķ󣬶ѩǲСĽǸ
յĽȴû˿Ľչ
ʱ䣬ŷҹҲһЩͷ
ѩСľݣһǿԿ϶ģƬɽֻСľݵλúͶǴ򶷵ĵطýһЩԺǶǰѩŵĵط
ӵСҧҲжϳѩû£ԼߵġֻΪʲôϢʧˣҲʧˣ
һŷҹ治֪ǸǻܹΣձöһЩ
ǡŷҹԼҲоֿ̫СвƱĻʶСöࡣ
Ψһоܵǣֳһ򶷵ĺۼûУǿаѩ°ߣҲͶ֡
ѩĴǴ򲻹֣ҲܸԼһʾһһƢ̫õС࣬СһҲһҲûС
ʲôҲۼҲûп˵ѩпԼԸߵġ
㲻Ҫģ롭ѩ϶ûµġĪʱҲһɫȻҲ˵
Ȼ֪Ҳûʲô壬ͺ鲻Ķͨ˸ܣŷɽ˻ѡ˵һʱ䱨
ŷҹҡҡͷܺڵʱûеһʱóħ룬֪˭ǹӶǵˣҲеüĿ
ڣֵ֪׹ˣһŶ֮ҪȥĶȥ
ǵѾȥŲ飬ֻҪǻԨһܲˡĪٴΰο˵ǻɣһˣ϶ܲˡ
ԷɱˣǴҶ֪ģʱܰѩɱˡ
ѩһƯŮӣԷɱˣȴ°ˣǻᷢʲô˭õ


176 һ
ǲ֪飬ֻʶķȥ⡣
Īһ˵ŷҹȴͻȻ뵽һ㣬ԷҪӶѩҲ˵ͬҲҪҩĸһ˶ûа취ܾǿҵ֮
ʱûеõϢ壬Ҳֻиѩһķݶˡ
Ϣ
ҲһЩܰϢڸǵķȷ˵׹žЩҩơ
뵽ʱŷҹٴһ
׹ŵĴвò˵ڹõһȻķѣǲųǵѧһЩֶεģǶǺ֩ˣǶȼ׷
Ȼڴ徳磬Ӳ׷Ҳ˵׷ûʧܿܶ򣬲Ҳ
ͼɱˣ׹ŵˡŷҹһֱΪΪ֩뵱ʱ˵ģûпǹ⻰ǲģ˵᲻˲֪£ŶǵľݣڶԷȥʱ򣬳ѩע⣬ùҩΣʾϢߡ
ЩȻǲ²⣬ŷҹȴΪжϺпܡϾи·ϻпռ䷨Ļʵ̫Сˡ
ǸˣһȥĶŷҹ۾
ȱȻȥ׼ֿϢҩģȻоҲûа취϶С
ҩõİ취ԼȥˣԨȻɽҩȴ࣬褸ĸٵֵطϾǳеġ
ҩĵطӦ׹ŵķԴϽʡﵽɽ󴨣ĵطܶ࣬ҩĻȻҲ
ֻγԨɲһԶпռ䷨ȻѩԵĿ꣬϶߲Զ
ĵطҲ׵õҩĵطӦ쾩Ͼһ֮µʿܶ඼ǱȻ쾩زҩֶֻҪߵĵطһˡ
ĪտһŷңҪȥһ쾩ŷҹͻȻվ˵
ѾҲʲôǸ˰ѩҩ֮Լȥ쾩ҩģԼǰҰȥңҲδؾҵ
ȥ쾩׵õҩĵط֣ŶԷ¶ͷ
Īû뵽ŷҹͻȻ־һʱЩ㶣ȥ쾩ʲô
ŷҹûнֻͣǰѻƶóŵĪϣúһﻹһЩ÷һ˸ɧŷңͺͺЩԸǣһʱ֪ͨҡ
ðɡĪѻƶյԼ
ƶǺľƶĶ͵ĶȻһֻëС꣬ʵǲǰ¶档
лˣŷҹϿҵ
㡭ĪĿЩ㣬øô
ŷҹͷ
飬ܵõƾıõģǰʱԸո˵ƾܰﲻʲôæҲûа취ȥñ˳ˡ
룬һһ͹绰ͬ⼸ˣһסŷ
ȻԷĿĲЩԼйϵˣûǾһ𣬶ԷƣҲѶȡ
Ϣ֮󣬵Щˣһס
ǿסźܶ༶𲻵͵ԱػɭϣҲžӣ˵ȫȫĵط
ŷҹҲͬȻ֪׹ŵĹߣЩһܷ֣ǹߣҪҲŹȻԣҲʲô֮١
һĹߣͨȷǿԺ޼ɣţҲĸҲŶԿǹţʵƾҪǿö࣬ҲȥҲŶԿ
Щ֮ŷҹѸٵضǰ쾩ȥ
쾩ǣǻҪĳ֮һķҲȫվǰ˵ġ
ֻŷҹһβķһ»𳵣ͱ˸֪ҩ꣬ѯʼرҩġ
Ҳϵģ쾩ҩҲǱض򵽡
ЩصҩģһֻһЩͨŷҹҲֻΪǡ褣Ż˵صõ˲ٸҩģĻΪôȥ
ֻû쾩ȻҲ֪쾩ЩĵĶʱûġ
֮£ֻٸϵǶҩǲ֪һЩ
ǽŷҹԤϵУݵλ㹻֪ЩֻϧⲻԨԨĻЩֻһ仰¶
ԨѾˣûκεջ񣬻Ÿ˻ֻҪ⼸ҩģҩҵһɽգܱ˳ʲôǮҩҵԸһա
ǰѶԷԨ·ˣǱڵĵ˿϶Ҳ֪Ԩ֣ܵ˿ûж
ȻǴ쾩ҳģǺܾ֮ǰѾ쾩ûʲôϵˣЩµ⣬Ȼ죬Ҳֻ˵ȥܱŷҹһҪһЩ
⼸ĵ飬ŷҹ̬Ҳ𽥵ƽ֪Լټѩ˵ҲһҲûУֻܾȫ죬֮ǰʧȥ״̬ȴһôҲûС
ԸѩпܲûбǿȣΪСҧ󣬲ûʲôĺۼʲôѩòѡ뿪Ҳ˵
ֻ֮ҪһϣŷҹȡѩǵõҲҪȷİȫ
һḶ́ŷҹ֪ԼһȥһֱõȷеϢΪֹ
ŷҹ𣿡һܵĿ֪Ϣ˼֮·ϵŷҹͻȻ˺Լ֡
ͷʱֻ׷֮󣬶ʱЦЦҾ˵˵ıӰô㣬ҵǲ
ŷҹЦһ漴뵽ǳҵˣ֪ЩµĳûнӴ
ҩ𣿡΢΢üЩһĲ̫ҿӴһ£Ӧû֪һЩⷽϢ
ŷҹһ԰ӣҲǹߣӦöٶ֪һЩȽϿ׵ϢԼȻһʱˡ
Ǿ鷳˵һ£ҪõϢŷҹ
𣿼ҩģĵʵ
ǣ˵ŷҹ漴ѩʧٵ齲һ顣
Ȼ飿֮ҲڶԷĴ󵨣Ƕŷҹߵˣ֣ʵ˲òɫˣŷģϾ͸绰ܿͻϢġ
ǾͶлˡŷҹһε
ǾͲҪôˡŷҹָıܲӦѾЩĹϵЩˡ
˵̶ֳȣŷҹҲ˵ʲôȻദʱ䲻Ҫ˵Ҳǳˣ˻඼ٵĴæ˵̫ҲЩࡣ
ŷסʲôطŷҹͷֿʼѯʡ
ʱڱһϢҿܻȥĵطŷҹش
ʵҩҲʲô׵İ취ֻʵҲʲôֻİ취ϣԼͨҩĵϣ̽ǲҪıѩľ֮塣
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ŷҹ˵һʱȷûиõİ취Ҳͷͬ⡣
˳ס֮ŷҹźȻ𣬳ѾǳˣסҲûڳңһңֻǳһססԵеͻأˡ
ûйϵˣڲǳҵˣҲӰϷչЩעġ֪ŷҹΪǣֻǵȻһЦ
ŶΪʲôŷҹ΢΢ˣԭΪʱϢһ£û뵽ȻǲȦӡ
ⱾҲûʲôŷҹ׵ǳողźʱһҵ۷ʱ򣬲ӦþҪְ
ŸҲЩϵҲ̫ۣЩ˶ע⣬ҲһЩ鷳ٹЩӣҾͻ뿪쾩ⱲӶҲҲҡĿе롣
ô˻ڸ費Ҫæŷҹʵ
۷壬ִӰǸĸֶҲ˿塣
ĸ֣ѾܹκһӺͼɵˡ
ɣҲȥĮһعߡ
ˣҲûʲôֻӸոմ̽ϢҿҡҡҡͷھҪˣθҲûʲôϵҸطһʱ䣬ǿ϶Ҳҡ
̫ˡŷҹҡͷڽЩطһЩССЩǷ飬ŵ˷ָο쾩֮һĳңߵﶼ˰£밲ûô򵥣֪֪ҪʲôǲǸǰһ飿
šԥһ£ų˵ʵ˺ܶ࣬ϣҵóҶɹһڡ
Ǹʲôϵŷҹɻ
뵽İ취Ǹֻ˵һ仰Ѿ㹻˵еˡ
ߣ벻Ҳʲô»ŷҹҲ
Ѿ˵ˣǳûƯһ϶ͷϡ
Ǹ˭ѾǳܾˣҪֻһĽǲŲԸⲻԸ⡣
ŷҹϴβŻǿаѳ쾩
һӵܣ˵˺ܱ̬йϵŮˣܶ඼ǲĥζûС˵ʱ϶΢΢ŲֻЩ鶼ѹҲû˽¶Уʱ䣬ҲĨøɸɾˡ
ŷҹһĶˣû뵽Ļֲõʱĳ뾡һа취ҪԼӦӶԼҲϻصȥˡ
ʵҲǱʲôӵܣǲԸ⣬ûа취ֿʱҲòӣǳֺҪԱˡ
ȫûʲôѡȨʵûȥܣֱ˵ʹ졣
ĺܲΪʲôҪ쾩ֱӴӽǱ߲Ҳ𣿡ŷҹֳȻһ쾩ѾңⶼǼȫġ
һѳǸ϶Ҳ֪ϢˣȻ뿪ңǾƷ˵ܻܿ᲻˾ܾŮˣӶһЩʲô飬Ҳȫпܵġ
Ի쾩ֱǻصһʱᱬըĵ״ضһȫοǻص
ҵҪѸĸĹǻҴߣʵҲոջص쾩ר̾Ϊ¡Щ˸УˣԺҿܶٻøĸôһҪǴϣһߡ
ŷҹ̾˿һТ˳Ů
ˣҵ飬ɡŷҹ˵
죬ǻô֪ǲŹҵġ
ؼûˣҲͲΪˡŷҹһ˿ɱ⡣
ɱ˻ŷҹԥϾһᣬǶֻ쵰˵ɱһǧΣҲֻΪˡ
ŷ˵˵ǸҲϴ˵һɵˣ˵ҲǸ˵Ķ֣ҵĳ־ҲǱҪһأһ
£ءŷҹֻЦһʱ쾩ǲˣĻҪǿ㣬ҲҪҲһˣ
šӸ˵ʲôˣŲҪʲô¶ȴůůġ
һǳң쾩ɶǺǵġҲ֪⼸ı󣬶һ֧ţЩ˸Ӳǡ
ŷҹǴСΨһһ˸ĸ֮⣬ðôķհˡ
ͻȻ;ԼʵҲҸٻŷҹôһѣܶ˾ǻһӣҲδؾôһΪˡ
Ϣúܿ죬ڵʱ򣬾Ѿظ˵ҵǸ½׳ϵˣӹŷҹһȥ
ŷҹΪԼһȥͿˣǳһٶҪȥΪֻʶǸϵˡ
ֵϣ˵ǮͿԽģʶĽˣûеĻٶǮҲῪŸȥ
ŷҹһûа취ֻǸˡ
ҲȤһҪһ𲻿ɡ
УԲУ˵úܼСӦϾ뿪ҷˣ߿ɾͲˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬴ǿҵزɨŷҹһۣ˭뵽ͻȻ쾩죬Ϊ˰ŷҹ
İɣ㲻˵ǸطٰԼáһ϶ϳڻױеģǰҲԼ
ûа취ֻøӦɶκ飬뿪ߡ
ֺݺŷҹһۣҪΪŷҹǸˣ޲ȥѶԷ˺ˡ
治ŷҹӳţԳ޵ҿϲɣ
ô᣿æϣЩæңƺŷҹᣬǰȹӵָ䣬Ծͺ׸һֻ̫ˣԲŻ̬Ȳã⡣
ᣡŷҹʵӡ󻹲
ǸȻ䣬ǶԳȴûжֱڣġ
ɫʱڻһϳһ·쾩һʮƫƧĺӵϡ
ɣǵʲôſտҲĺӵ滳ߴ·ˡ
ȵȰɣҪǲµòĻӦڴϡŷҹӿڡ
⻰ȵŷҹһۣû˵ʲôֻ̧һֱ
ŻҪʮӣͻˡ˵
Ȼûгϣ⻰Ѿ˵ŷҹ¶ˡ
ʵⲢʲôϡ£ԨĵҲڴϽеġ
һ֤ûʲô˿޹ʽӽλûʱ䶯ֻҪһЩȽϸӵˮ·һרȥңҲһҵõ
˵Ĵֻһң˾֪һЩɣҲ֪һҴϡ
ʵЩۣҲֻΪ̶ȱ֤ҵİȫ߳۵Ķ඼ǹ߲ҪĶе򣬶еޱ⡣


178 ı
һ̶ĵطһȥ˵صʱ䣬ǺܻܿҪԽˡ
ôһÿεĵص㶼仯ģϴһط´ʱֲ֪ȥĶˣ̶˫١
ټ˶Ҫ˽ܲû˴ţϲ˴Ը˲֪ôȥˡ
ԨȻǵ쾩ĺӵϣ϶ҲôˣŷҹȻһ۾Ϳó
ʮӺ󣬾ͿһͧʻվڼװϣǴ˼ţ߶
ģӲȶԷʣڴ֮ǰѾ˵
ǶԷȴǿһ仰˵
ǧˮȡһưɷƺ֪ԹԵسźӰǱ˵
ǰֱ¿첻죬Ǵϵκˣ̸˷ݣ˸˴
ŷҹҲףӦþÿζıĽͷţȻһΣõķţܻýȥÿζͬİžͲͬˣȥÿζҪˣȻĻûŶ
ϵ˸سĬ˴ֹ֮һؼ֮󣬲ǽ˴ա
ʱѾ˲ˣڲȻСҲ٣ԿԵж
ҲΪԭûʲôã򵥵ΣԾܵø
֮ǰʱŷҹѾ飬ʱӸֿһЩ
ûʲôΪŷҹߵĶһǻˣһ𣬾û¶Ҳᱻ¶
ԵĻͲܸŷҹԽԶԽáҲû취ֻøӣŷҹԶĽ
ʱһڲģװ϶ᱻע⣬ͷʰٷ֮һٶƺѾϰˣֻǻһ۾Ͳȥ
Ҫ֪Ĳμߴ඼ǹߣЩ˲ԸⱩ¶ԼݣʱиʲôģҲΪ棬ƯŮˡ
ԴƯĹߣҲû˸̫޼ɵΪҲŮ˵Ϊôһһߵϣڵϻֱ·ڴϿɾûôˡ
ʱƺڵȴʲôʶ໥̸䣬ˣô˱۾ƬΧԱֻĿҲʿɶֹ̫ڷˡ
ֹһСʱ֮½˼ˣϵλѾˣŷҹʶɨΧһʱͻȻﰲ
̧ۿʱһĸŮ˽¶ȹ߹յʮˣġVֱһˮλã˵Ŀ⵲ڸ֮⡣
Ůûλϯȴվǰ棬ǽʦˡ
ٵˣǱ֮ǰĽҴɨŮһۣϾͰĿջأɨ𴦣ƳϼֻۣǱ
ȽϤˣǱȽ̰ض使޻ص㲿λͲſˮȥҧһˡ
ŮƺҲĿϰˣȻЦݣؿˡ
ҽôīҿԽСһı϶ôʧġī򵥼俪֮Ѿ˰ѵһƷ
ҵĿҲ׷״īϣƵ˵һƷϡ
ȻǵķҲǸһģͨһƷǲĶһѹᣬ
īԱ߹ԱӹһδľУȻŵĺ첼
ŷҹѾʶɨԴʱ۶ûһ£˯һ
һǧʷȻҲ˵쾩õһѽǴпģһѣ˵࣬һҲ֣ѽӵ˽ϢıŴѾ֪ⶫļֵ˰ɣī΢΢һЦǵĸо
ţȱһѳֵı⽣ȷǺö
нϢţǵǺöֻҪԺ˵⽣ٽһ
Ҳţתͷŷҹķһۡ
һûЦһﾹȻڿϣȣ˯ú㣬ȫû˵ѽôôƵġ
ʵŷҹˣΧЩ˵۸оǶԽǺ֪
ýǳ
ĸǾţҪһ񽣣ֻоʦǰѽƷ˵õþ̫Ȼ˵ҲǼѣ˵ǱѾ̧ˣҲǱǿһЩѣ⻹˵ѽ´죬뿿޸ʽĴܡ
˵ǵϢ͸˾úЦˣʲôʱһϢͳݳƷˣ
ڽûнϢĽǷнϢֻһѽӦþ߱ĶҪСеȥҫ
ǧǰĽȥʦ˵ѽһнϢı
ʦܻشֻһ֣
ҪǽŵŽϢҫĻĽֻǱʦˡ
ֵӷųȥǸ˰
ҳ򣡡
ī˵֮ѾȲسˡ
ʵڲ˼ĵ׼𡣡īĻǸ⡣
ЦһǸ۵Ҳ죬벻һͳ˸ࡣ
ҳ򡣡Ȼ˷ӣ̾ͰѼ۸˵һ顣
İ򡭡
򡭡
ıѾʱ䳤ˣҸӿصѽĻ¸ͲҪ
ϾǶߣɲʲôŶߡ
һǧ򣡡
еҲǺŵһ˿ĿڡҲŵģɤеɳƣʲô﷢һ
־ۼ֣ѽһǧٳɵļ۸Ǹɳɤˡ
ŷҹ۾ΪںţҲûʲôעżм˿ҲΪļҵĸ٣֪ô֪ʶȻܲȫûȤԲ˯ˡ
ҲеģϾҲԼȦӣȻҲһЩǸϵȽеģŹϵҲʹˡ
ֻҪǶûʲôӰ죬ҲʲôϾԼˣֻҪ˵ο಻⡣
һֱƷеھżʱŷҹͻȻ۾̨ϵƷȥ
һֺҩģмĺôīűҩüֵ
ףⶫô֣ѵǸ¶ʱõĹӣ̨СЦš
ȻСΪгʱ⵽Χ˵İۡ
˵ĸҲûʲô˼ɣǿ˱˶ڸԱ߶˶Ů˵Цš
˵ǲǳܴսСʱܣүúøһ¡
ǿͰɣ˼ҿǺڴأ


179 ϡ
ŮҲЦţҲûоⳡʲôס
ҵˡǿ
˵ʶˣҲ˵֮󣬴Ҷ¶һȻɫҾڹҲ൱ĵλ
㲻˼ңҲҪұɵӡ
ܶ˶˵ˣһдУɵſһսţΪеĿ׵ġ
ţˣ쾩Ҳ͸ŸţǿģһûʲôļһЦҲû˻ȥ˵ʲôΪ˼к̨
ǸīС㣬ôǿŮô˵̾Ȥæ
ʲôóīĻúܶ˶ʧˡ
ԭŻеϣȻƴ󣬵ǲһǰСӾóǮЩߣһҲǮδؾͱȲСӡ
ڲǮҪȱǿɾͲ˵ˡ
˭ôıﰡǸУҲԼõŵģܿܶԭǮģĿΪ˱Ķȥ
ôһŪĻܶ˶ûޣҲֻ֪Ҫ˵ֻܻǾٶǮҲģǹأӿʼڶûбĹء
һ״ʮ޺ǿϡ䣬Ӧ㹻˰ɣǿȴûиоʲôѵģıǣóʲôˡ
ԲǹߵЩֻǻƽ𣬸ûʲô𡣡īҲֻº͵ŶԷǸһЦ
Уʡ
īҡͷЩҲƲʲô
ƲĻ
үûŪ˵ı˵ЩŶʲôֱɣҾûǰø˰ɡīȻ˵ÿѾ϶ʲôõóֵĶˡ
ȻͲҪ⵷˳㶪ˣãñ԰ɡ
ⶼУǿеܻˣҪƽĳӣͷ쭣Ҫ峡ˡ
ɲУʱѾǧӵҲǸ£Ѱ졣
űٹȵ֪㲻ϡѾվӻˡ
ٹȵȻҲϡǿϧﲻļֵҲͬīٴαǸ
һչֵӦ൱īСȤһЩŷҹͻȻڣʱĿ⿴
ŷҹҲûлرܣѾӽָͳչóĿī
ŶչīҲ΢΢һ¡
Ҫ˵չֻƳղϵĵҩʲôģû̫İֹֻӶŮ˵ʵһСջ
īƯŮˣ϶ϣܰԼòȥһֱϣֱˡ
ŷҹԷ˵ֻһЦѺӴ򿪣аʺչ˳
ⶫڻƶв٣ڵû̫࣬ΪָϾûа취ֲֻܴһʱѣڻƶš
ǾǸСɣʲôչҿʥŮǿĵɨŷҹһۡ
Ա߶Ů˿ЦţչȷǸгϵʥŮмơ
˵ǿˣҲû˭չֶġҪչ㲻ʲôȴټҪŷҹӻƶõҲֶ֪ܼܲ
ǿ˵ԼҲ٣һʱܶ˶ſֵ˼￴š
Ҳҿڵ棬ȻǺܶ˶ḽǿʼ䳰ȷˡ
￪Ҫģ˭Ҳ֪Էʵ¡Ȼǿ⣬ǿĻҲֻɵ
Ϊк̨ţͨϣڹǰж治̫顣
ţ棬Ҳ߶Źأӿ㲻˳ۣһ´ܰɵɻΪһ˾Ͷȫɸ㱨
ҵˣ׷ɱһ¡֮һ·˭׷õ
ǿԼҲ֪ŷҹɵʱԼ˴ɵӡ
һǧ䳲㹻ļֵˡǸɭһγ֡
ǧ䳲ⶫȽϡ
ȷ
ʲôֻҪǧմ˱߶ֵ̫ˡ
ֻŷҹȴ֪䳲ҲչһȻѵãǼֵȴһ˵õҲûа취ӶãҩҩչĹҲ˵ĸһЩ
ֻǧ䳲Ǵ˵ռǧ֣ԵñȽϸ߹ҩʦֳƺŷϣֻῼҩĵĹãʲôҩҪġ
ҳչŷҹüë˶ʶɨһǸӣȴһҲûжī
ǡǱ߶ǿѾٴβмЦˣҪû֪֮ûҩɾȵģīС㣬ҳʮʥŮ
εЦˣֻֻЦīҲֻЦЦǿͷԲʥŮǽܵƷ֮УԺܱǸ߼ֵģӦչ֪ûٳۣ
ȻīΪǿǹڵңŷҹȴڵҵķΧڡ
һǧ䳲ſʯٴμӼۡ
ĿչŷҹмۣϵɫһЩ
һǧ䳲Ŀʯתͷ˿ŷҹ͸ɱѾŷҹǿҵĲ
չŷҹƺûпһֻҩġ
һǧ䳲˿ʯ˵ɫѾڵ˵ף۸һĲĻҾֻ˳İ취ˡ
һ仰ǳŷҹķ˵ģǸŷҹҪ̫ţ϶д鷳൱һв
īҲֲ֣ϾĶǹ߶࣬඼⣬ţû˸ֱӾĴڶֵġ
ֻҪĴϣҲô࣬Ƕ˵˽˶Թǹܲš
ԴʱīǺרҵŷҹڴƺŹͳݡ
֪λҪҪӼۣ
ŷҹüëһ̯ҲӼۣʵòôණˡ
ߡһȥ
ŷҹѾǷղǾ仰Ѿˡ
ҿʥŮóȥʱ򣬱ȥιɣ˵ʲôûˣүҴѴѵСǿŷҹͻȻҲֵǰȥš
ŷҹתͷƳһۣػظɷʣ

ڳһȻ˰ҵүˣ¶ǡˬ
æһ棬Ц˳ŷҹɴû˵໰񲻵ˣһˣôֱʹȥô֣ص̬ȣʵ̿
Ц֮󣬵Ƕۿǿ뿴ү᲻ᱩ˸ɱˡ
ʵ֤ǿȷǱˣĶÿһۣȻֱӰ۾ϼ˯ȥˡ
ɰǿǽһ񰡣λվҪŷҹȥ쭡


180 Ҳ
үעĳϣǲʺ֡īʱʱˣǴЦݣ˵ĻѾǴвˡ
ȻҵүҪﶯ֣ǾǸԣ˵һưȥ
ǿôһ˼ҲͣȥҲǣȥҲǡ
ռϷ磬
Աλǧ䳲Ͱ˿ʯˡīǸһЦˣϢһ£иӾʵݽС
гϢڵҲѾйŶʦʲôǵõʲôָʾʱ򣬲ŻȡһЩٶ
īѡϢǺʣҪôʲôָʾҪôǸղŵŷҹйˡ
һʱְĿͶŷҹֻСӻǸû¶һ˯ԼĴ
ҲûʲôΪŷҹǸ򵥵ĽɫϾҵɷʵģԲǸ
ǿûǰȥҪȥˣ϶ҲһĻ
עŷҹʱͻȻ۾Ҳûҵı飬ֱӸīųȥˡ
ˣ鷳ҡҡͷǿŷҹоС㻹ǸԶһڿɾڡ
ӵ˼ڸҵ鶼أҲţŷҹһ޶˾µˣȻ£ǿ϶Ϊ¶˵ҪԺ׵뵽϶ҵѩ֮һ
īСԵһ¡ŷҹڴīıӰ
Ŷʲô𣿡ī˿ŷҹ벻ȻԼһˡ
ŷҹչҲܸȤЦ˵ԸչĶĻ
ǺǣȻīСϲĻҾһôһٻһЩҩģϣīСһ¡ŷҹ̹Ȼ˵
Ŷī벻ŷҹȻᣬȴСչȻʲôĵرǵȷʮѵãԼĺõˣȴһԴֱ˵͵Ļɼ˸С֪ôƺҪҩЩеĻҿŻݵļ۸㣬ֻЩҩĵȷҪһҪñģǸҲˡ
ŷҹҵҩҲʲôĵرŷҹ̽뻳ȴȰһչ͵īϣҪҩķֱǱҶͬ١
ҪҩҪٵҩϣҪҲǱȽҵġ
īһεı顣
˼ҶѾĶȻҪԶԷŷҹļֵҪߣҲûɰŷҹ
ָĲһţ˵ҩĳ۵Ļһһ¡ŷҹӻͳԼƬûⶫǱϾҹ˾ܣǿ˲ڿڴҵϵʽ
īϣõʱŷҹ󣬵ҲûоֻܾҲ֪鲻ģǸһЦϢҿԸ㷢һЩҶҪĶܽ㣬ûа취˵ıʲô֪ŷʲôȥأֻǮĻ²׳ɽ
ŷҹҲûие֣óһֻӣһŵҩļֵ㹻ܻҩˡ
īΪŷҹòʲôĶеĻղѾֵı϶Źġ
Ǵʱŷҹֵݹһľӣش򿪿һۡ
ǡŨҩζīһƺƮһƵġ
ϴ赤ֵҩù͡
ȻǡīθӳԾˣѵŷҹһ鵤ҩҩʦ
Ҫ֪ߺԼҩģҩĹУ𵽵ǷͬСɣҩʦȻҪͽıĵرҲʲô
һת־ò̫ܣŷҹƵҩĻϴ赤ȻҲĵҩ˳־ܰѸղŵıΪʲô֣
һ㿼ǣīڣŷҹ֮Уϴ赤׼ȡҩģΪֻһ֣ŷҹŻԥ
Ͼһϴ赤ǷëϴıҩһҲռ˴ˣҪǻһֵĻûôɵ
ͷһīԼӦǽӽ࣬ŷҹĿ֮һûб١
ҩʦǱܸҩʦϵϵˣȻҲǱԷԸǴ򽻵˶ｻ׼Σ߶Ҳ֮
һϴ赤ֵȷǹˣҵʱ϶Ϊ⣬Ҳұ֤ÿζǡܾҩģ֪ûĵҩأī룬̽һ䡣
ûйϵ鶼ɣŷҹȴϵ˵ҩĶµĻֻұˡ
˵ŷҹ׼ϴ赤ջƵġ
ŷᣬǿ취ġīһŷҹֱӰԼ̽һ£ô˵ͱæѻ֪Ҫҩģ
ж٣ŷҹʡ
ĿǰѾĳһֶûСīεػش
⻰ǲ˵ģ˵еĻŷҹ뿴һۣûвɡ
̹һԼûҩģҲҪõöࡣ
ĳҩ𣿡ŷҹٴʵ
ҲûУûмǴĻһҩģһǰīչʾԼרҵʦľ
Ǿͺáŷҹһϴ赤ͷʱжҩģҶҪˣһϴ赤Ļһṩǲõġ
ģī۾¹⣬漴磬Ҳǻ˼ǿ϶ᾡһҵҩġ
лˣŷҹȭ
ī΢Цʾ⣬ԺʲôҩĻŷһǵһܸŷȡߵļֵ
лŷҹһαʾ⻰˵öеܵ˼
ոǸ˽İ˿ʯĻԸŷҹͻȻͷһ
ŷˣ˿ʯ͵͸ŷļˡī˼ҵչʱȻرͳһŴζķۺɫƬҵƬŷʲôĻֱӴ绰ңҪμҲ᷽һЩ
áŷҹӹƬ˳־װ˿ڴʾһ£תֻ˴ա
īʱҲǼæתĳ˻㱨
ϴ赤ţɫӦòǹƳġһλ뷢԰׵һ֮ƵƵͷ
ǹߣīҲˣϣѵߣ
ⵤҩĳɫȷӦߣҿ϶ǹ˴徳Ѿﵽĳ̶ȡٴȷһ¡
û뵽ˣȻôͷīʱԼûжԶԷʲôĵط
ողĲпһĸҩʦԼ棬Żŷҹҩġһ˼һҩĵĻ˵һңѵҪƿƾ֮ĵҩô˵ܽˣպ⣬кܴİ


181 鷳
֮ŷҹҲûг֣Ȼ֮ǰһ۾
һСʱ֮Ҳˡ֮ϵ˿ʼŴ뿪
뿪ʱҲһ˶Լṩĵص´Ҳŵԡ
һΣŷҹûиӳһ£֮󣬾뿪ˡ
īŷҹһֱߣΪԼҪ̸ҪӽʱͿŷҹѾˡ
ע⵽һǸ±ĺˡ
Ҫ
īͻȻ뵽һֿܣɫҲ΢΢е仯
رĿˣֻҪ˵ᰲЩ˵뿪ǸûҪȻҲȥˡ
˵˵ʵҲ㲻϶ĶҲôΪԲһںɡ
ˣЩǹܲˣҲҪܡǽ϶ī˵Ļ
īϵĻǸŷҹ˵ϻ֣пŷҹȥҺˣǾͲȥʲôˡ
ܲŷҹ٣ವһȥ㣬٣
īҡҡͷǸһ֪ǣŷҹҲû۾ˣԲȥ鷳
˴󣬼˶ֶѸٵûΡֻŷҹһˣյǵطй䡣
ֻǹƬ֮ŷҹҲû˿ԥѸٳһɱȥ
٣ûܸŷҹôɵģʶ֮һԷĶһȻͨһظ档
ıֻôһˣóƫƫǧ䳲ⶫһ˵żȻõģŷҹ֪һ;ŵ˿ơ
˵˭ǧ䳲Ļ󣬿϶׹ŵˡ
ͻѩʧٸ׹ŵйأʱɵ㣬ôҪȥ鿴һ¡
֮Բ˾ˣҲǳⷽԭѾԳǷǳȵҪõ͹ˡ
ѱǾͳһɶԷҪԼˣǶŷҹ˵
߳ʮ֮󣬺˵ٶҲٽ˴ңһͷ
ŷҹӶ˼ֲɣǹߣҲ춼סɽҰִ£Ǻܶ඼ͨһԼļܵҰֻ˵ʲô㱻֪顣
ŷҹľݵĸͣٶǰȥԷҲʲô򵥵ĽɫڴˣܻܿöԷ׷١
սҲûʲôµģµǶԷһ֮ȫȥˣɾֻص˴̵ˡ
СӣȻһ·ҵҿŷҹûнǰѾǸѱˡ
ŷҹһû뵽ԷȻôͷڣոûŪʲôѵ˵һﾹȻõŵ湦ʶ֮
漴ŷҹʹɻΪһֻͻȻ֮Ұ˹
ԭôһСһⶫﱾǺܳģ˵ŷҹûз֣ǷˣҲܲһ¶
ôһŷҹ֮ǰĵĵǶûˣȻ˷֣ҿһҲûߵ˼ò
ɣŷҹ˵
׹ŵһøжûУĶһЩñֶκ˵ļһǧǰǵŵݣ͸ŷҹ߶ˡ
˴Цĵӿ󣬴ֻ˵Ķû˸ôҵ⡣
¶еһΡŷҹһһֻ嵽ǰķն롣
СĶԲҲֻǧ䳲һζʱ䣬ȫûʲôġ
ߣССļҲҵǰŪҰ˹ƣ˵Ǹѡ񡣡˶ݺ˵
˹ƣŷҹ۾һ£׹ƾȻ䵽ֵز㲻֪ŵĴǰ˹Ϊ𣿡
ţʲôˣƺ仰һ£׹ŵĴôһ䣬Ķأ˶ɢˣȻȻĸĸΪǾͲ𣿺ǺǣСӣټˡ
ǸŷҹѾһ̣ϲʶͶˣǸһŮˡ
ʶǣӺ˵ǳһ£ΪʶǾҷŹ㣬ǿɾʹشˣ˵Ĺ֮£֣ҲҵĶ֣ɱ㣬ҲܰôҵĿɽá
ŷҹһ⻰üͷ˸Ƕ׹ŵûֻһո˵Щ˼֪ѾˣһԼϡ
ұʲôһǧ䳲ټϰ˿ʯĴۣΪ˵õű񲢲ôɡŷҹʵ
ǺǣֶҪȷûʲôãҪǿ˸߼գҲŲôļֵȥŤͷ俴ŷҹ㣬ƾҶ໨˲ٵĶҶûиء
˭ձǲҲҪҶͬ٣ŷҹæʵ
ʵʵ̫ˣȥүɡһѾһ䵶ҲǷƷĹ󣬺Ǵ綾ġ
ŷҹֻô˵ûΪȷǶҪ߳һأŷҹҲҪúӦ
ڽһ˻Ľ籩һ㳯źйȥ
СӣҲû뵽ŷҹĽ˵ãһƴȫһȻЩֲ
ڶֶΣҲСӵĽжá
ǵ֮һҩۺȻ˳ʱһƬĿռ䶼ҩŷҹҲ޿ɱܵմҩۡ
æѱһ棬ѾڹЦ
׹ŵҩҪǱˣǿɾͳЦˡ˵һɣҲӽٵسŷҹкȥ
ҪӿŷҹĻȥ취ⶾ
Ȼ֮ŷҹĽоٶȺͽҲ֮ǰôգֻҪԸ⣬ھͿɵذŷҹɱ
ֻ൱̶ֳ֮󣬻ǲϷֻ֣ǼȥҪֱڶ֮¡
ŷҹҲԽԽʱһ
ҲɣЦһӵѶԷľ޽ķɣһֱȡʺ
ŷҹһȥػһұۡ
ȫȻˣ˾ȰѶԷĸ첲ȡ
ֻһ˲䣬ͻȻһǿҵҪɱֱ
ʵ̫˾ȣҲ˲ϸŷҹʲôæӵԾȡ
һ֮䵶Ѿϳأɱĺһͣűǿƿֻϧƿ˺֮ǵεĽǰһΪ
նǹŴĿ֮һɱ֮Ҳܸ̾ʹ֮󣬲Żȥ
Ȿŷҹ˼ֻϧʱҲûа취һ򣬶һصΪ˵ҪѰ˻Ľշ磬һβСľ롣


182 ĥֶ
˵˭һܾһŷҹ˲϶ԷĲ״æǰʵ
Ϊһ𣿡ԼһΪ壬ҩɾȵҲǺģ벻Һħģ׹ŵ˻Ϊұģ
Ŷֻõˣ׹ŵˣҲǵһɱղŸ˵桢ǣǸŮˣҵôҲûмǱ𣿡ŷҹȻ֪ûʲôٸ˵ˣҲŬ
Ȼ֮£һ֪Ҳ٣Բ֮ŷҹҲûʲôɱҲɱˣ
ҵǣŷҹûٶʵʲôĥֶΣѳֱָ˷һʹһѺڻҡ
Ȼ˳ûҵ֣Ҳ֤ˣ쾩ԨûгֹһҩģԾѩˣҲǰȫġ
Ȼŷҹϣѩû£ڵĽǺõġ
Ψһеĵǣ˵֮˵еˣ쾩ԨĲ֣ҩȫΧܴ̽ҩģһ԰ѷսͣǸõΪѩһҲڵһʱõϢ
쾩չϴ赤ȥīɲǿԷƯôʵ໹Ϊ˵õԷ֧֣õϢ
ֻҪҩĵԴͷˣžǶԷⷽͷҲһǰֳԭ
ŷҹһ·ʩչƲѸٵسڶȥ
ŸոսӽʱͻȻӵ硣
°ֻ֮漱ٵغŷ磬Ҫ
ֻôһ֮󣬵绰ѾϵŷҹٴȥѾ˹ػ
ˣٷ֮ʮǳģŷҹ˲жϡ
Լ˵ǲҪѾԼסڳⷿԼµ˻ȥһʰ
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ʲôŷҹûԷķŭֱӷʵ
С֪ҵסǣ֮󱻳ץ԰ʾ㣬Ͽ뿪쾩ԶҲҪٻγһŹκˡӳ˵
һβŹκˣʲô£ŷҹ֮
ǰҶڳмֹ˼ɣڵ˼˼ѾȫûˣԳҲŻȫſҪԸ
岻ˡ˵ʱȻǸɫ۾ȴѾ˼ˮһ֣ΪǰʱѾ˵˶취ѣȴͻȻˣ˵ǳ
ŷҹȻҲʲô˼֮ĶʾΪûа취ѹɱ鹫
ǰҲǹɵĵӣŷҹʵ
ǵĻƾصΪڳҲûʲôҪĵλƺûʲôֵóرɵġ
Ӣŵĵӣ־ͬţʺãݵʦҲֱ־ҪߣԳһֱмɵڡ̾˿߰ɣСתģѾˣʣµ飬Ѿûйϵˡ
׼ô죿ŷҹʵ
ҪȥС㡣ҧҧȻҵΪߣģұС㣬ˣҾƴҲСǰ˵
ã㣡ŷҹĶԷļ
ת¥ȥ
ȥĶѾ㣬¥гҵڵ㣬ȥ·һæǰ
ֻϧѾˣ˵ʱ¥ϵѾ׷״Ĳ¥¡
ҺǰҹȻ϶˵Χۡ
ŷҹĸ˴һ̰֮Ŀŷҹϡ
ǾǸȥҵˣŷҹʡ
˼վȥȷ㣬ٰ̧ȥΪ׵˵
̫ˣŷҹʼ硣
ֻԼ£ںѾˣΪ׵Цһ
˵Ǽ̫ˣһǳҵˡŷҹĿһ˿⣬ǶԸҵİ취ҶԸǵĳ߶ȣȻңǲ˼ˣ
˼Ҫĸˣ˭ȥԣΪ׵˹ЦһôͷЦ
һΪߴ׳ĹѸٳһŷҹǡ
顭
ŷҹֻǼ̧һţֱ˶ԷĵϣʱǼһߵõɶء
۵һѪһ£һͷ˹ȥ
ţΪ׵˾ȵȥԼֵܵ
ÿˣֻǰѵϵѣҪŷҹ̧̧Ƥҳ֣ģһֲ࣬һֲ٣
ʱΪѩ飬Ѿ̫ĸƫƫ˳ǹײ
ȻҪȻطϵԷˡ
ӱҪǰæ֮ǰŷҹһаظֵϵʱѾɵˡ
ˣƺǱҪöࡣ壬Ըصĸ֣ҲֻһС
Ǽأ
ⲻֻ֪վŵĸҲ֪
һϣΪ׵ٴ
лˣ
ŷҹ仰елˡ
Щûһ̶ģӣٳֻеѣǶԷȻ֣Ҫεġ
ŷҹԼǰʵ̫ºˣȻѾһԼҪѹˣҲòԼǿһ˶
ЩҪıԼ˶֪ϴʲô³ֻоԵͰԵ֮£ſסЩС֮ͽ
Ϊ׵˻ŷҹ˵仰˼ѾһַӰû
ʱŷ֣ԼŷҹǰǶôСͺһҶСʹ󺣵ıȽһ
ôŬûа취ӶԷӰѳ
顭
Ȼʱֻмʮ룬ֵȴһǸо˼ʮһܡ
ŷҹһƵʱǽѵ飬Ȼȵʹ໹ҪһЩ


183 
Ȼֻһ˲֮Ҳ̻˹ȥ
⡭Ӻݺһĭ
ǰһֱŷҹ˳ۣζҪһ¡
һҲҿûԲľٶֻǸԼѿ
ظһ֣ĽȴǱŷҹΧһ
һ߶ս֣Ҳȷһ߶ˣֻǵȴһһ߶ʵⱲӵľȶùˡ
ȥңŷҹ֣˵
ңæԼѹ
ĸһﶼˣѵҪѹŷҹ˿Ҳ֪Ķֻȥˡ
ǳҡǿŷҹ֣֪Ҳһеĸ֣Ȼȥһʲôýһ֮˵ŷҹһֱᣬڲµʱҪСĻֻܴӳ飬ҵĸ̫࣬춼УôȥĻֻǡ
û˵˭ɫóǿ϶ǸܲҵĽ֣ܻҪʮ
ģ׼ŷҹȴû˿ı˼
׼Ҳɻˣѵʲô֣ʲôһ
Ļ˵׼ŷҹָ֣ʶһЩݵλˣ˵ϻģ˵ǱҸͷˡ
뵽ֶƪˣȳһͷˣ꣬ҵ
ǲô˵ŷҹаֵģҲٷµ
˵ʵΪ͵͵ǱңҲûʲôܰѳȳʵ˵ȥȳֻԼһԼԺԲơ
ҲȳзģҵҲԣԲš
ڵʵֹۣҪȻҲ뵽ȥóַʽȥάϵˡֻҪվһ߶Ҿ;Բ
Ȼ˿϶Ҫ˵ϻģһշѾͷǿ϶ƨ¶
ŷҹû߶ʲôȻԲںܶ࣬һû˷ʱ䣬ѳӿúͿշеСɻһ
ʮӣ˾Ѿ˳ҵĴǰҴԺǽߣһۿȥ͸ǰֹʽһǲ֪ǳңһҲܿһе̵ļ塣
˶˵ǸŴ󻧣ҵžͺܸߣ۹ȥظоȻ
Ÿ߸ߵԺǽһԥˣûпŷҹ˵׼ʲôҲûпԼееˡ
ôã֪Լܲ´ˣǿܻҪһӲ̣һƴʱ̵ˡ
ȥѳŷҹ˼ܼ򵥡
Ӻ⻰û˵һ
ôȣӲòѻʵøϸһȻǵڣҵܶ࣬Ҳ˽һЩֻˡ
ӻû˵꣬ͿŷҹѾŴȥˡ
ȥмأӴ󼱡
Ȼȥʽ˿ɲϹŶ£֪жٵİȫʩⶫȻģǺ׾ͰЩ˱¶ĸǰʱɾͱ˺ˡ
𼱣Ƚȥ˵ŷҹӵǰ
ôæ˵֪һطǻߵġ
ŷҹȫûи˼֮Ѿ˴ǰǰһջһбʮ֣ͬһš
ӻ˵ʲôͿŷҹһԾ
ȻУޱȺׯϵĴţŷҹһ߳룬ƮƮط˳ȥ
ҴԺ˼֮⣬˵ҪϸԺû˸ҴһΣֱһڴԺﱬ
߰˵ӰϵΪֻһ˲ͰſΧס
ֻЩ˾ȵǣԭΪĸ˳ҪһƴǰȻֻһˡ
ŶӺһ
ۼŷҹ˳ҵĴţһʱѪŷ
һǸпŷҹʵһŰѳҵĴ飬ɾһġȻ֪ŷҹһˣ̲סٴαˡ
ǸпŷҹļƻûһǴŽġõĽҲֻǽҰѳȳ֮ٸ׷ͬھҪһ㣬Ҫ׼ըҩҳɹϣʮãġ
ȻҶǸﲻʹһһҲǶԵľ֮ˡ
ӱűľģȻŷҹվһϡ
ǽܴǣŷҹƺûиս˼߸һӿʱŷҹһžȰߵ˺ȥ
ֻŷҹŵغһ䣺ϵĹһ߶ȥ
⻰ȻûʲôԷ߸˺Ĭŷҹٽһ߶ս߸ֻһְӣȫ˵ϡ
ŷҹεûİЩ˵ĵϵֻǴһЩˣֻǹͷˣûһ£Ҳһˡ
꣡ȵӣҲ̲סﰵһ
ŷҹǸʲô̥ĸص°ƽҲˣ߸Ҿ˵ǻڵǸʲôʲô󣬾ǰص˵Ҳ䲻á
ӵΪ̵ģ֮Ķ̫ϤУ߸ԺˮƽӵһǶ֣Ѿ㹻˵һЩˡ
ոջŸŷҹҪս磬ܲ
֪֪ŷҹͻȻתͷʵ
Ҳˣ뵽ǳ϶ڳңǾǲ̫
ŷҹһӣ֪¶ҲʲôҡҡͷҪ˵ĻҲǹӴģȷǴ
򲻹ֲ֪ȥĶ⻹ʲô˵ģֻˡ
һʱΣ֪Լʲôæﲻϣһʱ꣬һץԱ߶ŷҹ򵹵ǸԺ˵С㱻Ķ
ޣ
ӱˣֻһưΡ
ҲϸǼһﵹùҪƽĻӵΪҪߣ˭ŷҹһأһֶֻܰѶԷŵˡ
žҪʵڶǺԵģǵڶѾ˱εĴˡ
ˣǽ˷ʱ䡣ŷҹǰס۸ûзˣɲʲô̫ʵ¶
ô죿ҴԺúܣҲûȫ߹һǵĸ־ͻˡӺڵľƣŷҹȻܴ򣬵ǶԷаĸ֣һŷҹܼܵס
ڶԷûзӦѸٰ˾߲õѡ񣬿ƫƫǶ֪Ķȥˡ
ҲɱȥҲǼҲ֪Ķŷҹƽ˵
һ䣬žͼǰˡ
ҵļȻ֪ǡ
ĿɿڴؿŷҹıӰһﲻһ˰ѳҸ˰ɣ
Щû䣬ǵ׻ûг׵ĵλһ˰ѳҸˣ⻰˭˶Цʱŷҹʱȴ϶˵Ц


184 һ
ôģеתˣǰľҲûôҷ
룬ΪߵĶѾ棬ٴΪû˸ҳҵ鷳ҲҪ˹
ʱֻһ۷ĻԺԷֻڼʵʱлɻء
ֵһǰ龰̾͸ɵˡ
˹ңأ
ҿǰһǻˣܶɢҵطȥˡ
ţ߰еľ죬ֻҪʮӣֵܾͻ̳֧Ԯ
ŷҹѾظȥˡ
ʲôˣ֪˽ҵĺ𣿡Ȼ֪ظһ£෴е˷ܵĸоôãûµˣÿǰʵսһ¡
һתͷͿӣȻ̫ϤҲǳߵˡ
ԭֻǸǵϵСİ֣ôһ͸˵ˣ˴ʲô˵ʲô
һҲ˵ˣ̧־ͳŷҹȥ
顭
֮ظԼǻɻеɳȥȵطԼ֮ǰλͬʿһ͡
ʮԼֵܾ֧ܳԮظţԼȻʮ붼ûгŹеĵһξôǰһˣ
˺ж֮һʱԼֵλѡ
Ȼ߰˸ֵܣڴԼһֶ֮ҲڵϣεؿǸȱ򵹵ļһ
֪֪ˣ֪е
ʱѾ˲ٳԾŷҹһҵϷңһ·ͨزġ
ʱҲȫû˸ղһһӣֻǲŷҹ˵׼
ֱ꣬£׼ƨҪĻҲֱɱˣŹˬʹ찡
ҫûаͳĳңȻŷҹһ˸ˣӾ˵Ľ
Ҳŷҹˣ෴ŷҹѾ˳ͳ֮⣬ɰλˡ
ɱһֱóҼҲĲźãӼš
һ߳ҼƷɣų־ȼĳԱһ
淢ʲô£Ʒʵ
ոջ㱨˵˰ǼҵĴŸˡ־ҲмɻҪ˵ԼҵĴжʵˣǿɲľͷİô˵ƾƣһŵıڡ
ŶߣƷǳıڣʱͲһ浱ǳû֪ͨһ˴
үүҾóеˣǳңƺûеҪһжҵĵزɣһ˿ˡ־һֱЩ
־ͻ̫ᰡ¶Ҫδѣȵ˳Ѿ᧿Σʱκһ嶼ٳΪǵѣֻڳʱ򣬿ʲôʱͱһźʣܸǴ档Ʒɽ̵ų־󣬡ԴڵĳңѾ˷Ҫɵĳ̶ˣٲĻպûɽˡ
ˡ־̾еĹϡ
ڵĳȻûг׵Ѿʱʱ򻹲ԼкļֵһѵĻ˳Թ˲Ͼʱ򣬱ֻ侮ʯû˻ѵʱʩԮֵģǸǵòʧ
Ҫһ״̬£ԼĵʧֻЩĶǸǲܵġ
Ȼ˲٣˵ҲǳƷɺͳ־ˣˣ־屲ֻһţҷʲô
ҪΪ־ӢĵλÿһӢŶڳҵӵѡʲĴһߣǳ־һˡ
˵ţѾ˻Żŵ˽

һƷɵɫÿ̾ʶԼðʧˣôŵس
ʲô컹Ʒ⼸ȻԵظо·仰ȴʱߡ
ˡѾߵԺˣ˼æ㱨¶ˣɾˡ
ʲô־Ҳ֪ЩԺˮƽʮһĻҲôף˸֣үүȥһ¡
ƷɵɫҲʦȥ
־һ΢΢һ£ʦǳҵĵһˣǲǳˣӢŰڳҵĹƽʱ涼¶ģֻǵ˹ؼʱ̣Ǳضᱣҵİȫ
Ʒɵ˼ҲԣΪѾ˳ҵĹؼʱˡ
ȥ̽һǳ־ȻȲǸǳ˹ˣҲ֡
ȥʦƷɻظһ仰
־󲻸ҵ̾͸ʦźŹȥ
ŷҹǰߣͻȻǰѾһʮ꺺ӡ
Ŀ࣬һĺ룬ȥЩݣǵ˫ƣҲܿ˾ԲС˭С˾ͻḶʹĴۡ
Ǵ˵гҵĹ˵Σû˵ʲô֡æŷҹܡ
ŷҹ濴˶Էһֻۣص˸ղŵӣʲôҲνֲ׵ģֻҪ֪ĶС
˿ܻ治֪ƽɲ¶
ǴСӣʦŷҹֱӰԱߵӸˡ
ҡŷҹ̧ͷ׼ô򣿡
úúãǹģôãûпһҵҰˡʦȥŷҹһ
ϻˣ˵ֻ̫࣬ҶѾˣЩ˴ҪһʸеĴŷҹҲԹҪʹ򣬲ĻһҪȥǼ
ʶһҵԧ쵶ʦһ֮ǰŷҹһ֣Ͱڿ˼ơ
ŷҹҲڽˢس˳
㾹Ȼдָʦ˵
Ѳ㻹˫ҳֿȭŷҹǱ仰Ūһ㶡
ǺǣΪý𣿾Ǹǹ˵ңʦû뵽Լˡ
ǹǲܣѽͿԡŷҹһϣóȴǰ˻ĽǴƽ
߶һתõӰӰֵòС
ʦǸֻ֣һۣЩɨ˵ҡͷΪʲôУԭҲѧ˵ӡ
˫һ裬ȫһԲĴһ
ѵȷǲͣȫܲ͸磬ŷҹҪҲһѶȡ
˭֪ŷҹôǸԲͣǶˣιιι㵽ҪңҪôصĴ򷨣Ҳ̫ǳҵʱˣôȥҪʲôʱ򣿡
ŷҹֱ׳ʣʦΪԼϰˡ
һҲǣôһ۷ĸ֣Ȼһһȫصĵе̫ʡ
ֻ⻰ŷҹ˵Сӣ㵽ı߶İ


185 ҽľ
ȻԷҪֻһСڹЧľ֮£ٺúýѵһͨģԸֻʱˡ
ʦһֱΪԼĹֻ̫Ҫһе£̾ͻѶԷԲŻôһ뷨СӸˡ
СӣǾԸôġʦһԾϣ˫һնʺһնÿһѵźüС
ŷҹʱˣûб·ߣӦһ˶ض
ʦĿҲǰŷҹҪľǶԷһˣֻҪһ֮󣬽ŲȻᱻԼĹңѵѡԷĸλ׾ٵ顣
ոѾˣŷҹһǱȽóɵĽһѾжϳ˶Է·ˡ
Ϳһֱˣʦʴȵš
һʣŷҹɱȥ
ǽԤϵŷҹûжһλá
Сɵ˰ɣʦţȴûбȻСԼû£ҲӦõ飬ûһҪŹ֡
ûˣȻһص˶ûˣ
ʦۿҪˣȻŷҹƮôһ仰Ҳһ
֪ԷҪıɵˣʱ򻹿Լ֣Ȼʱ򻹸ô˵ǿ϶ɵˣǶԷͲں
ŶԷܳʲôеʱ򣬾ѾŷҹһãֵʱײϽʵû˿ģֵϳء
ڽɲǳصģȻǷһޱȣʦܱȵġ
ʦģΪֵֻҪһ֣ŷҹһ
û뵽ǣֱ˵ܵøףԷôжûпֻһ֣Լұ

Ȼǹ֣ҲˣѪ쭳һ˲䣬ʦѾ֪ԼˣһԵú
һֱۣʲôûУŷҹŵصʦҿԸ±Ļᡣ
ҡʦ˿ڣѪȴǴָʵ˿̫˰ˣķڷ
ܺãһŷҹ˦˶Էһۣȥ
һ·ݵһУȻҲѪˣΪЩ˶вԶǰѶԷɹ˶ѡʦȽϵù˼һóɱУȫû˼ŷҹʵؼһЩԷĳͷ
˼·һ϶ǰѶԷնˡ
ʦȻҲسһ㣬ղһû˿飬һȥԷͳˣڶԷֻҪһֱۣӦѾ൱ˡ
ʦѾ˾һ˳ʦĸǰ
Ǹղ˵ĳ־ҲӢŵĵӣʦе֮ͬꡣ
ֻжȻܴԺԵͷ
һͷеִˣʦȻ˵һֱۣ
ʦȻǳҵĹӢŵĵӣӢʵǿɻ֮һȻ˸ôŵطϵֱۣⲻһս
־۾Ѿŭھ͸ԷһսҲ֪ʦΪԶ֮ϣȻǰأɾ뻹ǲСģʦУȥˣҲһڻҡ
ǳ־󣿡ŷҹǰ
ʶң־һʱ֮벻Լʱʶôһˡ
ʶŷҹɲ׹ϵģԶԳ־ķӦ֮Щϰߣҵû
ôĿ־߶û˵Ѿ߳ʮΪ׵ǳҵļƷɡ
ȻѾ㱨棬λүҲһӢŵʦɳΪԷһ־ǳҵδôҲó־ܵʲôˣǿ൱ڳҵĸ
ôҲû뵽ʦȻûаѶԷҲݣȻĸҰʦĸ첲ǿǸӢŽ˳𰡡
һʱƷҲ֪˵ʲôͷóңһսţҪҼǳҾˡ
Ϣһȥ֪һûеĹͷԭȻڹĻ飬Ҳ̵ͷԼĶȥ
ƱƵòߣһ߳ү̾һԼѪĻ
˼ҲսţһųֻҪѳˣԵɽû
ǰҵʲôһŶԵûôͷ
ԼҸһȵĹ̾߳Щ˷ŭΪСӼֱһҪСŪò
ʲôˣȻǳҵ鷳֪쾩ǽĵط𣿡Ʒŭ
ڳƷ˶һʱԺ
Ƕǳ־ĳڳƷʲôûмǴûƷɸƵ˽
ܼ򵥣Ƶˣֱȭͷ㶨ˣõŽ
ʱͻȻĸı䣬Ƕһ£֮һԺȥ
һԺӵµѾ˵ˣǿһλѾ˼ҷֱۣȭͷѾȥˣǡǺֻܽˡ
ףԭүӲǱͷʵǲĻûʲôܸ˽ˡ
ҽľǼȻҵǿаֻܵȥˡŷҹɫ
֪ʱ򣬳ҵļԼǿ϶ΪĸֶѾˣ϶İ취硭
ҳҵˣǳڲ飬ֲһ֡ƷɵĴӳʱǰŭ
ŷҹЦһҵŮˣҸ˭ˣѵֲ
һ˵Ůˣһ˵ѣſڴƻƣһ仰ģҲǰ
ڵƴҶѾˣûа취ȭͷ˵Щ޷Ƕʱ䣬Ԯĵ
ϸҹһ仰ġŷҹΰ˾Ͳ˽ʲô
ȻӦðԵķ˵ľǵ
㡭졭û뵽Էŵ̶ֳȣԼ
ֻϧһվûѾһȵ÷һϸߡ
ƷҲû˸ǰôţĶӣεʱûгֹ
ֺ֮ŷҹ͵תͷסһ¡
ȻǼ۹Ļ϶Ȳʦ඼ĹҪá
ҪŷҹҲһȹǲ֪Ϲͷ᲻ɢ
֮У־Ѿһ˳ƷɵǰλүӲԵطһָмӡ
ҪıˣĲƷɵӣˡ
ǳҵүӷϣҲƽϣǾ仰ѳҴߣҵûô΢΢һǣŷҹûֱӳ֣ʼһƽؾ档


186 ǿĸ
һûپˣʵǵʱ˭óʸģŷҹˡ
ƷһʱΪѣҲû뵽ԼΪΪ˳ҵǰ;һССȻô鷳
֪һóôԵİ취ҲûУֻڵڣԽԽҪЧȴһҲûпǿˡ
ǳ߾Ȼôһǿĸ֣ǰȻһֱûȥ⣬ʧְ
ϴν޵ļƻʧܣ˱˵һǿĹ֣û⡣ΪǼ˶ͨˣ֪ʲôǿĹߣ
߾Щ˲ΪԼʧְһڣѶ˵ԽǿǵξԽСԳƷɺԥͰ⼸˸˳ҡ
ǵĸվԼǰʱŷ֣֪ĻҸͲȥֱԶǰһǿĸ
Ȼûк̨ûɣǶ⣬ֻҪǿ
ƷɺˣѾѾеˣȥҿɾĳԲˡ
ѵʱ˶ŷҹͱӿ˰Χˡ
Ҳż֪ǳڿԼһҵ֮̾ͱ˾侯û취˭ڿȥܺߣԼҲվ˼ҵļ¶˵һ¶
˽լһѺܶ˴ˣɾɵóƷȥˡ
ץ
⿴ȥôԷʵ˸ûκεԥ̾֯ȥǰץһΪ׵Ҳ׼ҪǰȥƷɴкϾҲǷƵĴ
еСᡭƷջԥŰ仰˵˳
ͷ˻ûüʲôʱ򣬾Ϳŷҹһ֣˾Ȼֹ̾ͣ
Ҳæͷϸɶһ
ƾ˿ŷҹСӵ񽣱ʶȻһۡ
ȷЩᡣ˶Ʒɸղ˵Ļʲô˼ˡ
ֻ˶ףȻҵүѾ֪ƾˣΪʲôҪǸйûʲôָԼЩ˸ƾԿǲǿЦԼЩ˿ûǸȨް
ƷɱҪŷҹǰһ飬ҪԼ˵ûĻѾڿ
ʮȷŷҹŵˣҪĻȻһ֪Ǻϸóұˡ
Ȼŵˣֻһʵɢޣûа취ЩŶԿǵʵԼҵЩ令Ժ磬ݣ㹻ܶκγв
ɵŷҹ֤Ʒɵˣ֪κˣԲһˣԼոǸС飬ڿǿЦ
˵飿Ц˼ϡô˵𣿾㲻ôаôһµı
ۿôˮһӿ˳һȥƷﲻ֪ʲôζ
գƾҲкƷʱҵ
ƾԱȻǹֱ֣߻عϽҲûԼģŷҹ־ٶƾԱû㹻ɣҲǲġ
ֻҪƾһŷҹΪŷҹ˵һʵŷҹƾĿܶС
ǳƷߵһѾٸŷҹôŸȥˣһôûУֻһĶͷ
ŷҹԼҵӪǳѾͷ͸УֻǴӿʼڣһϷ綼ûռڰ⻰˵ǼֱһҲûУȫǱ˴˲ξġ
ڵȣƾ˵ʱԼٰһ£ССġᡱŷҹһ飬ȻٰŬóһԳҵΣ
ԨŷҹƷѾһЩŷҹ֪ŷҹڵһЩҵչʱӼᶨŷҹӪľġ
ҡŷҹҲΪڳӴ鱨ǰԼһˣһǹܣǲܵġ
һУǸҿҲǸе˿˭Ҷߵһ£һöԷúѿ
һֱһߣܵļܵвˣȻûа취һֱ߱Ǿֻǿֶȥ壬Щ˿ԼŷҹʱıʲôӣǿԼ
ʵǲֵһƾϾͻᵽˣ롭Ʒ˵ʱ뿴ŷҹŵı飬ٽ˵ȥ
ȻʧˡŷҹͲһӦûУûаƾ˵һ¶
óƷòᣬСӣݺݱһ֪ͨȥ˵ɡ
֪ƾĴڣҲΪǵ⣬öƾҪĪŷҹһˣῴЩֻҪԼһ䣬СӾӦʶȤ
ھȻʧˣֻܺ޺޵صŷҹʶ˴֮ȥְ
ƾٶҲֻ˵仰Ĺ򣬾Ѿ˷Ծ
ŷҹ
벻ǣ˸ոһͣ٣ûиƷɴкѾһۿŷҹ
ŷҹתͷҲû뵽˾ȻʶԼһ֮Ҳ֪˭ˡ
ԭǻ鳤ϴεʱҲǼʵϳǼˣӼˣŷҹҲûʶƾԱ
ǲʲô᣿ҲǱˣһתʶڵʺϸŷҹ̫Ľ飬Ʒﻹ治ðء
ǲᣬҲ̫ƾˣͰѼŪӣʵûа취Żһ¡ƷɴõҪŷҹãҲҰѻ˵̫Ҫôһġ
ƾˣû뵽һʱע¶
ƷҲˣѵСϵ֤Ǽٵģǿе鷳ðƾƾ˲ô˵ɣ
ûСŷҹشҲˬ죬֤һ˾ˡ
ԭǿ䣡ͬʱ˵
֤˿һģƾڲĳԱһ۾ܿ΢С
ƷŷҹƾڲԱҲ΢΢һ£ʱ˵ʲôƺòʣϾڲŷҹֵ̫ƾ˸ŷҹһ棬ԼٴԱ߶͸˳ˮ飬Ҳ˵ãǲŷҹơ
ǿ䡣Цһ˿Ժˣǽһ࣬Ͼҡ
˼ԣǳ־صĴĻŷҹ߶ʰˣҲ֣ɳҵĵλǲһֱӵ绰ƾæܿһЩˡ
ô˵Ҳŷҹʲô˼
ͷϵȷҲûҪŷҹΪѵ˼ֻŷҹԱʾһ£ԼҲøҴۣŷҹߡ¶ʹ»СС»ˡ
ǻ᲻һŷҹЦ̧ϲ֤һӵơ


187 ̫ʧˣ
͸ŷҹһ飬лһ㡱֡
ƣһݣ˶ŷҹ˵ͷȻʲôкҲûдת뿪ˡ
Ʒһ¶ִˣƾĳԱЩԥǿŷҹ֮󣬾Ȼʲôû˵̾ˣǲҲ֪ŷҹָһأƾԱҲûа취ȥϽƵġ
ʱĳƷѾѿˣֻкڣ֪ŷҹݾȻ̶ֳȣӦñֳһҪŸɰ
ȥѳѳСʲôҪ󣬲ʲôһɴӦƷɵɫ˼䣬֣ص˷Ը
˶֪үǳĵһոջΪ˳ҵӣ˼·ȱôھȻʼˣ
ҪǱ£ңҲʱɣⲻǰѳҵӶˣ
ŷϵĺò裬ŷһ𳢳Ʒı飬ǼͻȻһѣ˵˵㣬ǻ±ߺȱİɡ
үǿҾͳӣҲһɡŷҹ֪ƷǷˣҲѳұƵʲô·ϣӵƣҲ϶ˣϾгҲݵλˡ
áһʱеӦ
ˣˣȻ˵˼仰˱ɱ֮һһȲ裬һӦҲʹ죬İɣ
ӣ˶ˣųƷɺŷҹߣǶ֪һ̯Ҫôʰ
ԺĶһ£ôʲôӣ˵˶ȥץƣ߸·ˤǸҪúѵһˡƷɻͷַԸһ䡣
·ˤģ˶Ǻһ¡
ѳҵĻԺȫˤˣҵжٿӣǿӵҪ
ô˵ҲһȷָʾүӵĻ˼¶ôˣΪ˹һҵӣҶҪ˵ǱŷҹģҸʲôɶУŲҲν
ѾǰĨˣ˭ô˵ô˵ȥɣǳǲٸŷҹΪˡ
ȷһ֮󣬳˶Ȼһʱ֪Ʒô⣬Ҳֻ֪ôǶԳҲôΪƷôÿһõһµͬǴҲס
֮УҵʵǿģǾȴκһܱȵϵġ
Ʒɺŷҹһһ߶Ų裬һ߶ȥһԺ޽ٵ꽻
Ҳظп治ʲôһǸӿñʲôصĳƷɣôʲôӶҪˣŷҹ˰ֵһ
ƷҲû뵽ô˳֪ŷҹʱҲֻǿһ£㲻Ľ顣
żֻҪո¶ҹˣǲ
οһô˵ҲǳˣֻҪճϵĨ
˵һǱĿɽֵǮ
ŷҹƾһԲŤͷߣһֻǹɵŶһ㣬Ʒɾ;ֵ϶һѡ
󹦷򣬳ҲЩɻϳ䣬ȥֻðԭί˵һ飬˵һŷҹϣѳҴһͨڸүӺȲء
ţԷ˵бۣҲɻ뵽ǰ濴
һ֮£һǸۿһ۵̫үһֱǼԼ۰ĹŮ޲ܰĶϡ
ȻûִܹýźҲ֪Ϊŷҹԭ򣬵ҲʲôȻӦš
ŷҹĿѾﵽˣƷҲû̫˵ˣȥֻǵӶѡ
ƷҲ֪һ㣬û̫ĶԻ͵ķʽ԰ͻԷ
˵Էе̫СһʵǳһľСԺķ䶼ƷԸʰһ飬Ӵŷҹͳˡ
ŷ磬ǡСûִܹһʱ֮䶼е㱡
ûʲôүͨˣҲ㵱ɳ͸ҵˡŷҹƽ˵
͸ǿ϶ģǳʲôģʵڼֻǴŷҹѡ
ԼҲоõǰԼŷҹ͵һСԺڰʾʲô˵ѾĬˣԼŷҹŮˡ
СԺӳȥܳϲϣ϶ŷҹıǩˣҲܲںǩ
ܺأǳһ£෴ģŷҹܵѾⱲӶֵˡ
ڼƷ˰ѷ͵ǵķֲɸпһڳңʲôʱõִġ
֣ŷҹܿסʱüͷ˵
ôһ㿴һǣƷɨۿһˣ΢΢ЦЦЩ˻ûз֮ǰĽᣬóӣǲܾôˣ˭л˵˵
ֻǾãΪһŷҹҵˣЩ̫ʡҡҡͷ֮ǰѾųǳҵˣҲһҪץȥǱҪóһ֣ڡ
ΪһųңƷɿԼĶǣĻǾ̫ʧˣ
֪˼Ȼİǣϣܸȡһʱ䣬ֻҪڼӢָʵ־Ļָܻ̾ǰʵҪǵңֻֻ̾Ƕ֣ʱʱ䶼ûˣֻ»Ѱȥطŵǰľơ
Ʒɵ˵ͷǺģһתͷֿˣҲ
㿴ңҿ㣬ǵͷ
Ȼү˵ô˵Ǹ˵ģҲǼ˶ѣ⼸˵Ҳǳһ£ʱ׽ŷҹңʵǵòʧ顣
ǴΪʱӦð̧ȣֻҪǰѳȥԷͳǵѣûɲǣǲǣƷɼ׷ʡ
˳ҡͷ֮⣬ܶ˶ٴο˱ˣȻ⣬Ҳ˴ġ
ûҲˣǳһʲôƷʡ
ӴҶˣҵǾظ֣ǼҵĹ˵Ҳһظ֣Ҳ䣿ǣ
һ룬е󷢺ĸо
ˣҿûʲôŷҹ϶ڵ
𿴸ոտֵǴһʰʱ֪ЩԺһû˵ЩӾָܻȻŷҹֶעŷִġ
صƣҲǼȥץŷҹˣ˵оǹʦһնֱۡ
˵ļˣ˸ЩǮǰϡʦȽѰ죬ϾӢŵĺ̨ô׾˽ˡ


188 е
ǺʦԼҲʾˣҶԷѾ飬൱м
ټŷҹֵĲλȽϺʣȻֱ۶ˣѾӺϣ˵ⲻ
պȻʧʵǵҲǲеҡ
һжŷҹĻϣûдҳַԲֵٴҲƷһ̾ͺͽ⣬û˿Ϊѡ
ҪǰҲԣҪŮˣƫƫٱ˵Ļ᲻ٸҿ᲻ֱɱһͨˣⶼδ֪
Ҳ̫ɣ׻ǳȴӸղŵﷴӦ
Ҳ׷״һγһҵؿ
ԶԶԣǶģǽҵ;ظֶŷҹ˵ģ¶᲻ᷢûŻᡣ
ǼûпƷ̾һˣŷҹһŭ֮£϶˳ңûܵˡ
ǡҪ粵ƺͻȻ뵽ʲôѺҲȥ
ʱƷѾ˵ȥǽεΣŷҹǲôС鷳Ҫ棬һ᲻ǳѾ˿ҧڵĳ̶ˣ
С
һ亹
үû˵ҧһڣ˵ڣĿҲǼڣһֱԷôҧȥ
ֲӣԼȥΪǶʶҾԲŹôõĻᡣ
ʲô˵֣һŮ˶ѡ
Ҳڵʱôõôõ˵Ů˶ڳҵͣһֱԹ޵ģҲʱ򣬾ǰ˵ϻҿڣ
ˡǵһͷȥүΪʲôôˣȻзգȴΨһһϣǽܺܿͻҪô죿
һ⣬վŷҹһߣǺܿһ̾ͻҧң֮ǰûʲôֻǳûбֵ̫ѡ
õİ취վһԹ۵ŷҹԼȥ
Ҳ˼ȲŷҹҲǨŭ
ʵϴȻ˳Ʒ˵ģﻹн٣һеľ汻ŷҹ˵һס
ĻҰѳ͸Ҳûô鷳ҿҵʵҲ϶óȻǶ֡
Ȼһʱ⣬Ҫľʱ䡣
ˣ˭ҪȫŷҹţϧһеĴۣƷٴһҳԾ
ǡβֻǳԱ߶ҲãүǷһͼĴ
ûпǣôƷ̬ǿӲ
һǲףҲһɻ̾һİɣŷҹǳҴѵġ
⻰Ѿˣͳ־̾ס
Ʒһ̬ҲǳҶŷҹ˵Ҫһ̬ʱѡŷҹȻҲƨˣɡ
ΣǳңǰѳҲŪˣֺҵĳûˣٲŷҹһʱĿɽȫά̬Էƾʲôҳ
ƷҲһϼ޻Ϻ꣬ͿŷҹʲôӵˣطӱǱ˶Ͷ֮ң϶Ҳᱨ֮
ԵΪάңѵʱŷҹΪǱԭ򣬶һѡ
ڿŷҹʵƺʵȴǾ˵ģһ˵ƾˣ̶̼ܶ¾һȫѸٴĹ˾˵ʵõ˵̫
ҵĻڳƷɵһ֮ˣүô˵ǿû˵˵Ķ֮Իô˵ֻΪ˽ɻ
˵֪˳ΪʲôһҪάŷҹϧҷ
Ȼھǲ׵ˣҲ˼˵Լˣ˭˵Ժμֻʸûˡ
Ҳûзŷҹĵ飬ֻǵԽ࣬ǾֻиӾȵķݶ
˴ӳֱ仯̶ֻ̲꣬һʱ䣬һ꣬˲һӶ˲·
ԨҡܼңȻȲ󳬼壬Ҳ쾩һҵļ壬ڶǸŷҹȫֵ֧̬ȣҲòóƷɾԼľǶԵġ
ܼ֪ԨǸ˿ǺЩھС
ŷϢôŷҹһҪţǰ̸
ãү̫ˣԺͽŷҹˡ˵ǳүүȻеƻڻûˣʲô۶ġ
ҾͲˣŷҹô磬Ҫȥʲô£ʲôҪĻ˵һǰȥ죬ҲЩûм˰ɣڼúƷڿɲŷҹ߰
Ȼ˵ȫάŷҹڳңˣʦֱ˶ϱסԺһСķҿɾҪһˡ
ĿǾأټСӱǸµûִ磬֪᲻ŷҹҪ
ƷЩ̣ŷҹȴñ۴ܣҵ˶УϢǵϢ϶ԼԨҶҪͨöࡣ
ǧټ£ԼҪԼǷǵ飬Ҳַ֪ͨʽ϶ôãΪȻǳˣǶڳʵûʲôС
֮ǰڲˣڳûʲô᲻µĶǿ϶뾡һа취ΪŷҹһЩ飬ŷҹͲµġ
ŷҹҪϢȻ˳飬ҲīǱߴкǾѩʧٵ˵Щҵֻ֪Ҫɱֵ˭
ò˵һôΣյ˷Ļ󣬲һŶʱը˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱըͻᱬը˵ߵһˡ
гҵϢ磬ÿãŷҹȻҲŹᡣ
Ǿ鷳үӣҲһЩϢŷҹ뵽̿ڵ
ƷһҲ⣬˾ϸ˵
ŷҹǰһ飬һǲҩģǲ׹ŵˣȻ֮ǿǸʲô˽Ӵ˭ڰʩ֡
Ʒɵ°Ѽ˵ص㶼һ£ȥˡ
ŷҹ¶һģүӵĺøҲһء
һᾡҲġҲ֪ҲⱾ
ҵȻ󣬵ֻҪҵСѩܳʲôҶԾǡŷҹҲ֪£ֻں
˵ÿ϶ǴڵģǰʱҲΪŷҹʾ
ֻҪЩ˲ȥŷҹҲںʲôʧ
ֻȥҹȻ鷳Եţ߳
˶ѾõƷɵָʾȻֻͨܰڳҵĴһв˴ߣͲưոݵ˼


189 
ƷѶ˿ڴӣҲ˼ŭôѵǿҳҲˣһСҷ̶ֳˣ
ųƷɣʮӺŴվųƷɲ᲻صһ񣺡үӣǿ˵õģǼҵĳ͸ңѵǷˣ
ô˵ǳʦˣƷû˵ǳ־ѻ˹
Ʒɿүүܳ䵽ʲôٶȣǱֶҪ߳־Ǹͬˣ˵Ϊʡ
ǺǣҴӦ¶ֻʣѵдǺЦת־󣬡־ڻǰذɣѵо֣
־Ҳʾûɵڸȥ֣ǴŰ
ҪûǴĻֵܿǴż꣬һ˼꣬Ҫٸʱ䣬ҿˮƽҲ̫Ѷȡ
⻰˵ȻţҲŵɣǳŵĵӣӢҲõĵ֮һٸʱ䣬ﵽܴ֮ﵽΪҲȷʲô⡣
Ǻǣɵץܲ׼ôʱˡĻҲŴ̶
ҾͿҪˣһˣ־Щ˿ûһкýʱ˵Ǿ죬ܻܲǸδ֪
־ȷţΪţĸѳˣܻŹ־ǵһҪˡ
Щ˵ǳңʲôɣѾ̸ˣҲϽңڵʱѾ͸ǳˣ˵ʲô־Ѹٰѻ˻
˵Ѿ˳ңȻҿ϶ҪҵδˡЦݴһа˿־˵ʲô
ǳңûˣҲԼҵŮԸļšʱҲˣҪûʲô¶ĻǾȥɣ
ǺǣѾ𣿡ţ˵۾ﶼðŵӵĻ𻨡
ʲôò㱨ҵСԽԽûҲ˦һݻ
𣿡ͻȻѸղŵһɵ£˵˴ֳңûܰæĵط徹ȻᣬǲӦð
㻹ǹܺԼɡ
ĶֵòСֺ侯ˣƾҲȻºƷôҵ͵ҽڣ¶ôùһֱעǳҵĴأ
ǰһǳǸӵĳһҲǿҵǲı˸ˡ
һǿһЩȷ˵һ˭ûпҵĹ֣УҲһ۾ܿĽɫ
ԼҲɻ󣬳ҾҲڰȫĸֶϰǸ˵ʵжߣ
ľض˵һӰѳҵĹֶɾˣﻹбˣ
ҵĹ㲻ǾأҲǸΪҲôͱ˸ˣ
ȻõһЩϢΪԭҲ̫ȷ֪ʦնһֱֻ۵顣
˵¶ˣҲᵱǸҥ˭һܰһĹֶˣлĸ֣Ҳֱۣ
ҵһ򶼹ܵúܺãǳ˵Ѿ뿪ңˣҲ˵ˣܳǲҵˣҵˣȻڳˣҲֻרһˣȥˡ˵ЩЦеӣֻ˭вˡ
һЩҲЩɫҲȷ˵ǱҲˣϾѾ뿪ˣôôɡ
£ǲܲܵģ˭Ҳû뵽ֱᷢʣڼȻ˷򣬾ֻһˡ
ǳҵˣȻֹŤǳԶҲܲ͵ΪֹˣҪپ壬Ҳǳҿ̫ˣ֪϶ưոݣʱʾҲһȡòʲôʹһ
ܺã׼ˡվ΢΢һֱۣҾԣһĳңûʸ񡣡
⻰һ˵Χ˶ѸٳһˣƺһҪǷѡ
ﲻ˵ģֻг־һǳҵүӳƷˡ
ߣ˵ҵСǲòһ¶ҵøִ绰ʲˣҵҪֵңЩ֪ʲôֵİèܳҽУƷȻΪͣĵһͣЩѸٺ˵˵Եñκ˶ݡ
Ҳһαɫˣ³Ʒɴʲô绰ǵĶǾ䰢è
Ѿܾãû˸ôˣڸҵļҲӦһĸ֣һر˿ǰèֱĳ衣
ûֱӳųƷɶ֣Ҳ֪֮һ˷ΧܾܿһЩ鷳ȷ˵˳ҵˣǴҲа취Ҫ涯˳Ʒɣ¿ɾͲðˡ
쾩үӣÿһһˣǵÿɲΪϵģȻĵλλõˣκҪҪһԼķ
Ҳֻŷҹֹŵˣ֪λʲôŻ޹˼ɵط
ãܺãҽͷһΣսһ³ҹĸСͻȻһЦ
ҵĹǹߣҲǹߣûа취ȥƷԪϣǸҵĹ֣Ҳǹ֮д裬ǺܵķԼ
սʵҲǼ屻սˣƽʱʱû˸ôΪս֮ǰҵĹ߿϶ȸһҵĵȻһȺһ
ôһʢսվģɾǷëˡҾʱҲ۵ùꨡ
սǿ϶ʱǳҩˡ
ڵһˣͿ׼˳ûʲôܵסҪ֤ľֻǸˣıһֱֻۣһԡ
ģֱӰѳҸڽˣȻѳ߽⻹ԶǰѶԷĹֶȥǱĵһ
֪ԼĶˣΪѾ˳˵ɫ䣬һֱ򶨵ĳƷɣҲ΢΢ЩɣȻҵĹãûбֱۣҲһˡ
ҵĹڣǾˡ
ڳƷɲ֪ôشʱѾ
Ʒһϲȥ˿ûбֳǰȥŷҹҡҡ֣ŷҹҲǳҵļˣͲ鷳ˡ
ŷҹĶ֪ƷС̣ͲԼء
ˣɣ⼸ֳɵĸ֣ĶܾôŷҹǺһЦҲΪҪųҵϢԴ߳ڵҲȷԭ򣬲ȻǾҲô


190 óֵĵط
˭ʶŷҹǰƺû̫ʵûдӶԷϣоʲôΣյϢ
ŷҹҲǳɷ򡣡Ʒɺֱӵذ𰸸˵˳
򵥵İ취Ҫκ˵Ŀ̾ŷҹϡ
ܴǰûʲôֻղһ仰ŷҹûзԣ㹻ΪԸˡ
ŮˣֻʰûеõŮˣҲֻѡҪǲҪ϶ŹԷ
ĵӺܴ󰡣ŷҹһӣǰͦͨˣȻ˿ηظôʱ䣬Щˡ
Ҳһŷҹ򵥻ظ
ҭһ£û뵽˱ţ쾩˵˵仰ˣûм
Ǿ͵ɣ治һóֵĵطһΧˣһȥ
ŷҹҲҪʶһı£֮ǰѾݹˣӡ̵ľǣǸŮˣȫǱĥòζ
ȻҲǷ棬벻Ȼô񶾵ĳ÷˵ֶȥĥŮˣӦֻһ̬һְãˣɱˣŷҹҲգһüë
ŷֵܣǾ죬ҸһأҪСһ־ŷҹߣҲȥС˵
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һҸϣ˶ܾ˲źãʱһŷҹǳûʲôϵֻڳ˾Ͷ˸췭ظ
ôһĻҲûŽӰˣֻҪڵܿܳңҲǿļˡ
ҿҲһ׼ɡŷҹԸ
ʲô׼ŷֵ㾡˵־̾Ͱѻ˹ڳľһСлȨģȻ˵
ŪʲôģһܴƵҪˡŷҹǺЦ˳ȥ
־ˣ֪⻰Ļǹ˵Ц
Ȼŷҹ˵ˣǾͿȥŪɣʡһˡƷ⻰ǺǺһЦ
ŷҹ˵ֻǿ϶Ƕһս൱İգҪȻĶ˼Щ⡣
ŷҹ˼Ҳ׽ˣһΣӦòʲôش
һƷҲ൱мϾڳңﱻ˵ˣ˵Ҫһȳҡ
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ŷҹ˵˼ҲǸԷĥʱˣǳңҪôĥŷҹܷ㵽ס
˵ŷҹҲûôһѵųƺţʲôֶζΪ෴ҪһֱʤˣʱԽֻԽûӣŷҹϵȴϲ
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ˣҪõĻҲУ𣿡ŷҹ˵ŴӽָһѶϽǰݳȥ
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⻰û˵ͿŷҹִӽָȡһѾ޽黹˵ҪѵĻҾѴġ
ѽŷҹĶԱȣͺһˣһӤһðѸղҪ˵Ļˡ
ǺǡŷҹԷɫ仯ֻǵЦһ¡
ҪǶԷ֪ĶϽصĻžͲԼԿˣںصػھ֮ǰء
ȻŷҹǺܺˣԲġ
ˣҵֻ֣˫ֳս͹ˡʶԼ˱˵ļ̾ͰŭǶԸһЩĽɫʱòű
ǺǣԭҸ෴ԽǲһԽԴŷҹҿѽѾһ䣬ˣǸӰɡ
ҪѪСӾڹģ֪ȻǺ
Լ֣ӭսűŷҹò˼ǶԷŶԣôأһµ⡣
ְɣ춯֣ô˵Ҳһظ֣ڳ˵ǰҪȶ֣Եûˡ
ʱѾãֻҪŷҹһ֣̾񱩵ַѶԷûκλء
ոձСˣû뵽ָݣҵĽѵҲͻԽ̡
Ҫʼ𣿡ŷҹʵ
á
㲻֪ʲôʱ֣᲻òƽŷҹٴκʡ
ᡭԲۡ
һһʵ̫ҪˣԼֶû˵꣬ȻѾˣոǸ
ôţ˵Ĳ֣ѾˣʱٸȥƽΪʲôͻȻ֣ԵԼе飬Ѿͬ˼ֵİ
һ֮̾Ҫ˭֪ոջƣͿŷҹһ֮̾ƮȻˣ
ô𣿡ŷҹƺոһʵġ
ҧҧûԡ
ûֳһѾŷҹĶϽѾ̵ǰ䶼ֻ˵һʻȥˡ
һŷҹĽ迪һƬ⣬ңϺ£ս˶㲻ŷҹ⽣ĵʲô·
־ŷҹõʲôܿ𣿡Ȼûг־ΪߣҲһУüͷʵ
־ҡͷ濴Ҫ˵ص㣬һ֣죡
ʲôνֶʩչģ϶ǺýƷЦ
ûôף־һָڣҲýˡ
ҲƵΣѳ˳
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˭֪ŷҹһ֣Ȼ˿Ļᶼ籩һϮȥԷȱʱ䶼ûУ˵ȥƽˡ
ټ϶ԷһѶϽȥȻôһó̾͸о˽ɹɵķ֮⣬Բһıġ
ѾԤУôдȥֻһܵ³
ѣֻ÷˿ֻŷҹĴ㣬Ȼ˳
һ֣ϾҪΪԷҪǿϲ٣ּֿ񱩽ĻӲƴ֮£϶ռٱˡ
ǽִˣŷҹٶȲ䣬ȻۻǽȴȻһ䣬Ӹղŵĸ;ףͻȻһ¾ͱڵƮһӰӣʱɢһ
ŷҹĴƽڴﵽ۷壬ĥ֮󣬻ѾﵽСɵĵزƽصĲж񣬶ʽ仯ֻҪ˽⣬ǶֱԼΪߣҲڶԷǿѹ֮£Ҳһܻ硣
ƽʱŷҹû൱ѹһθٷսʱҲǴսپͷһȴһܸѹĶ֣Ҳĥʱ


191 κβ
˵ĽӰӰҲϵر任λãԽԽ֮£ܶ˶Ѿսš
ֻէһֿںϵһգ֮ٴײ
˵ײȴ̫ȷУΪŷҹĽʱûһŴҪȥԷƴʼղ׽׼ȷλãŸոһ£̾ͱԷػҪҵһһ
ûеطõĸоʵǰƵùꨣڳҶӣ֪ԼԶ޲ߣǻҪɤӡ
Σʼն״̬ۿǾѾ˰СʱȴǸ״̬һ˭Ҳκβ˭
ʱ˶˶̾ŷҹΪ־ҪᣬϣȴǱҵһֲүôڳֳӣһζ׷ѳҲ͸
ܿߵļȴǸӳԾΪǶȻ˵ȷ˭Ҳκβ˭ǲͬ˵״̬ԽԽ꣬޲һͰŷҹ˺ˣŷҹԽԽƽƺǾôһֱȥֻҪûкʵĻᣬͲκεĸı䡣
ֽȻͬ״̬Ҳע˵ˡ
ڻѰŶԷʵѾʧȥģôȥ¶һ
ٷŷҹһ侲֣ĵصȴһ̤ԼѾõֻһԲؿţűһ
˵ĸѾֳˣҪֻʱѡ
ҲһΣԼҲʧ󣬵ڣѾˡ
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ڴҶһս֪ʲôʱŻʱͻȻѽٵײ˼£ƺǸ֮ǰʲô
־һΪʲôµŷҹ಼µľˡ
ٿʱѾѸٷֿߣֻһؿԼıŷҹԵñȽǱһһ߲ǿͣ˽Ų
ܶΪ׼һٿɫʱȴˣΪ˿ûӮ˵ϲñ飬ɫذĿӽƵŷҹȥ
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һߣʣ¾ǳԼˣһεĴΣȻ׾ٵؾ͸ˣһҵһŵӣǴĵ飬ǹЦ
ŷֵܣģûƢߣҷҪȼ־Ҳôŷҹ˼ҵʵͰǶɲ
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뿪˳ңջȻ˵˴ҳһҲ֪λүҪŭָҪ˭Ļǿܲ˵ġ
飬ҲһйҵҪǴĸġŷҹһûɵ˾Ȼܻ
һ⻰̶Ӧһ·Ͽȥɵʵ¶Ҳö㿪λүǰ
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ȵЩڶ֮һֺйһתֻӣʵҲûʲô˼ȥʲôֻķתתѡ
ͻȻһ٣ܿһۣɣ㻹һֱȥ
һֱڣǸһ·ǲס˵һȻǸոոԹһŷҹ
ľǣԷȻ˵Ǹһ·ǸողŷֶԷĸٵģѵ˻ʲôı£
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ͬһϳԿûôɵڸŷҹ˵ʱʱ̶עŶԷ᲻͵ϮȻСӻëһ߶˵Żһ߾Ѿˡ
һѾ׼ŷҹȻҲûռʲôϷ磬Ѹٵսһ


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ɲȥԱ̵˻ʲô˭֪ûʲôҩ֮ġ
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һε̬ڵúܺãԼʲôطȻڴ·ҲûйϵŷҹҪöֻ࣬ҪŷҹĵòˣĹپͲһ׼ȷҲһ½Ǹʱ򣬾һٷʱˡ
һɲҪŷҹô򵥣ԷһӣһŮˣЩӵܶǰ֪ĶðŷҹȴˣȻ׵طŹ
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ţһ㶣û뵽ԼոնһͷԷ
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΢΢һ漴һᣬؽоȻˡ

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Է֮ǰһͨذڸһڲ֪ԭһѽͱ˿úһ
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֣ͣ䡭ʱѾٵȥ
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һܻܲŷҹᱣסˡ
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һûɵʱѾԼĴָóһѽһֻǱãȻһѽƷʸá
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ƴŰ˼²̫ҪĽˣȾѪȷǺǱ˽սڣһҪŷҹˡ
һ֣̾ӵһ졣

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һȥȻֻһǽǴܣ֪мĻǽ
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֮ӣʲôʱܹ裬˵Ľ̵õˣһѪڸǱƵ굽ա
ģǰ˴˻ټܵϵĿĿ
˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
촽ҧˣֻʣ˸֣


193 ܹҵĽ
һȥһƬ
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пȾǰȥ
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ոյһս֮žȻҡԼܲ˳ߣѾ˻ɡ
֪أȴ˲ȥ룬ֻ˵
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ŷҹɵñȻѽ˰ԼһɣǾ׷ҲûղĽˡ
ôһ룬ߣʵûеĴֻǱԷƵòȫԲŻƷǳ
תӭŷҹ˹ȥϵĳѾһٶʮһԷûеĿܡ
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ڰ԰ûڣȴŷҹոһõɶˡ
һʶŷҹԼȽϣо޴ľ룬ѶϽҲոǰѾ޽ܷӸȽǰѾ޽ʺŷҹֿ񱩵Ĵ򷨡
ڵԼѾܰȫʩչǶԷõǰѾ޽ҲһĶ֣οѲôʵĶϽء
һ֮£̷ʱȻŷҹ˿ĻˣѧŷҹӣҪһͨ칥ʩչ
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Լ̫߿СˣողΪײԼеСܣֻҪԼôһĻᣬ̾Ͱӡġ
΢΢һѾѶϽֱӴŷҹҲκλᡣ

һǽֻЦһȻܾŷҹôõַ䣬ûжԷĽƷֻǽ˵첻ʲô˺
ٴһ߶֮£̰ѻǽֿٶȶûнͣŷҹȥ
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ȻʤѾСӶһʹࡣ
ֻŷҹûô׶ԸȭͷڹؼʱȻһžһɨ
񿴰׳һŷҹԷﻹǰѾ޽Ļᵣģڣѵ¶ԷԶȭͷ
Ľһǰ㣬һĿŷҹļ򣬼ȻСӰȭͷȥˣһֱӶ϶Էֱۡ
ģһŷҹͲܶùȥ

Ȼоĺһǿ˼ɱɱĴ̼֮£ȻеӲӡ
ûиоôɱŷҹոհƵûл֮ʱ򣬶ûڵĸо
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Ǹ׹ŵĺһҲܵ˺⽣նĴ
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ŷ磬ҽ˵ʧˣܴžϲŷҹ˵
ǵһ£˵ѾˣŷҹƲƲ
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ֵܣҪϢ
ŷҹסСԺǵճǻᱻһЩɨ˻㱨ȥ
Щ˵ĿУŷҹ˾ȻǷַ˯ģеƷɵ֮⡣
־һ仰˴ҵĻɣΪŷҹ϶Ϊ뱻ŮɫţԲŻѡ
Ʒɵ˵ǸӸ߿ŷҹһۣССͣͻɱ֣츳֮⣬ּᶨ־Ҳԭ֮һɡ
˻֪˵µˣҲ֪򡣵ǳ⼸Աͬ־ˣȴ֪϶ŷҹġ
ǲ֪ŷҹô˵ʧٵһ̣һ֪ǳұƵúܽļһѾŷҹɱˡ


194 ҪϢ
һʱŷҹĵλڳҸһ̨ףǰҵĹ˵ع
ڳƷЩϼһҲ֪ŷҹָԵˣҲҪ˶ֻ̫Ҫ㲻ȥʱʱվһߣȥ룬֪еС˼Ҳȥæ
Щ֮󣬳ĶиҲŷҹ龡ľģԭŷҹгƷɲϢѾüĿ
ʲôҪϢŷҹʵ
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ŷҹɫȥ
Ȼ֪ȥ쾩һֱΪСȥ׷̵ģ˭뵽ȻǳߵŮ˶
εĿʵֻΪΪһѩ䵥ԲŻ
ŷҹһ״ɲ豭Ƭ쾩֪Ϣ𣿡
־֪ŷҹֶΣǸ豭һۣǸûʲô·ˣ쾩չҩģǳ˴Ǯ˸˴к͸¶ݣҲ鲻ʲô
ŷҹεǿЦһ˵һңǸ׹ŵ˻ҩʲô֪𣿡
־ϢǸˣжΪǴֵҾ͸¶Ķ²̫ˡ
벻ŷҹֺãﻹֱɲһļģֻɵӲõóһЩû뵽ŷҹһɢ޶ʲôҵʲôصĻǿ϶ΪŷҹͶʲôļܡ
뵽ŷҹһҩ˾裬һһ˾ȫŹŷ־ҲһЩ
˵ŷҹļˣóĶǱĶڱܣǿŷҹı»ԶԶ֮ϡ
׹ǸѾȥΣīĽ˵ƺڱ֮ҩĲȤ룬ĹӦòǸŷֵҪĶһģֻˣһҲ鲻صúļһҲˣûа취ˡ
֪ˣˡŷҹ˵
ŷֵ˵ﻰǱһ־ЦЦ˵
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һʱҲԻˣ֪ԼҪôѡ񣬱Ҫ뿪ҵģڳƺѾˣȻı䲢ΪǵѾıˣӦüǰ뷨뿪Ӧ
ҿڼסñȽϰȫһŮӣһס棬гҵӦţҲұ֤ĸ۵ˣ֪ȥҲ磬硭־ҲûףֻųˣڼɣүүѾ˵ˣ֮ǰʱǷ̫࣬ھúֲһ¡
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Ȼ˵ҵϣ˭˵ûгҵĮݣ
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־˵ˣȥæ׼緢ϢӦݣھȻŻᱻ֪еЦ
ʵ㲻߾ߣûס㡣ŷҹҡͷ㲻³ңǸҶ㣬ڵʵһ㹻ˣ
ŷҹ˵ʵҳҲ֪龰Ѿ˸ˡ
ŷ˵Ҷ֪ŷ粻ˣ쾩ŷҲҪһվԼߵˣȻĻ쾩һ㷢ѵĻɾԲ򵥡ͷ˵
ŷҹЦЦҲ˵ĻҪһѣǾǹҵĳЩŶҪԼҪҪˡ
ϾҶͬСɣǣҲǳ֮ģһûʲôһ𶯣ǿǴ󶯾˭òһ¡
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ˣҾˡŷҹ˵
ʲôŷҪ𣿡һ֪ŷҹ̫ãҲû뵽Ȼô죬˵߾ߡ
İɣܰȫһԴȥκεطŷҹ˵
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ŷҹΪʲô쾩ѵѾ֪ʲô
⣬ѾξҪ뿪쾩ܱܷͷ


195 ԼԼ
һҩҵһЩҪⶼ쾩»ЩϳԿŷҹǻԷһ̾ߣԵҲЩˡ
ô˼룬ûһ˯ðȡ⼸ŷҹƺû˼˴¶
ʱ룬᲻ŷҹ쾩鷳¶һﷴһЩ
ϧʱ䲢Ѿ˵Ĵ̽ϢͷԨɱֵ顣
Ϣ֮ŵò͵ˡǰ򶨵ģϢӦòᱻ˲ǳҲ̫ܣΪʱѾ̽ԨӶˣѾˡ
ǸĽŮˣͬҲһˡ־޶֤飬˭Ҳٲ鵽ͷɲ˻¸ռǱ֮Ķ¼ÿһϢ
Բۣ뵽ϢʱͻȻһ亹벻֪ʱûа֧Ʊ֣
ŷҹϵõ֧ƱĻһ۾ܿ˭ָʹ
ձҲڸոգѾ绰˸ԼȥϵĻƱҪԽԽá
ʵⴿԼԼΪŷҹķ֧ƱĻһͻֱӽּҰȥˣٵȵڣ
Ҳܵùǣŷҹʱˡ
˵ŷҹúĻʱͻȻԼķһˡ
ڵľ񼫶Ȼ㱣ԵһȻΪԼۻˣ۾֮ĺˡ
ŷŷҹԼƽһȴƲ˵زš
ô̫ӭû뵽ҽŷҹЦЦʵ
ʲôﵽǼأʲôһ磬ͻȫͷŶͨԼ׳ŵӣڸԼּңԷǲּġ
ȷļؼ¼ҵĻ棿ŷҹǸ򶨵ı顣
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һ֮Ԩǳ߳ƽȥлչ˵ĹΪƾ˶
쾩֮󣬴ֳʱ¶Լƾݣֵƾ˵֮󣬾Ȼûκζˡ
㣬ø岻òСһƾʲôǵȻúܡǾһܿģǵ൱һӴĹɣй֮޲
ЩȻôһˣƾȥǵˣǿ϶ϸоһ£ʡԺʲô
ЩоУҲŷ֣йڣΪǳҵķǵϵŮò鱨͸ŷҹģʧˡ
ҲһֻûֲŰȺãŷҹĽԨһ褵Ůϣ˵ǸԸ֣ȥǿŮӣ褾Ǿܾ֮һڵ䣬סŷҹļȻҲʧˡ
ŷҹŮоˣȺŷҹ쾩ʱʧ٣ѵɺϣ
˳ңĸ嵹ϣЩɺϣΪ쾩ƾðôһ㹻쾩ˮ졣
Ϊߵңƽ磬ͲǲǣȰŷҹץˡ
һΣҲòǲŷҹģһȥҴ֣ѳҹ˵ˣץ


196 ͷߣ
˵ԸԨŷңǵǺףֻ˵ڸŷҹǴһӵģҪԸŷҹĲҵ϶¶ҵĺۼʱŷҹûжԸɣԼ¶ˡ
ǸŷҹǺǵãֻҪСӶԸˡ
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ҲҵģǻǣҲĸһһʮСʱҵÿһˡ
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ڸŷҹѾվһϣԸ⿴ŷҹܰĴһһ㶵ġ
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־Ǵӹߵ۹裬ҩ貢ûʲôַĳɷȴǳҩĴҲһͻֶŷҹȻָʵ˳Ծ
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ŷҹ뿪쾩ǣûֱӻԨȻ²ѩûʲôΣգһûеõȷеϢʼնܰĵشڼȡ
İʱ䣬һ·ӱѲιȥÿһУͨĹϵʶһЩصĵͷߡ
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һ·̽ҲʶԼŻƶϡռ䷨»û˭ܰҩ֧
Ȼõչ󣬵֮⣬¿Ҳŵڶˡ
˴̽ҩ֮⣬ŷҹҪ̽ľɣ뵽ģҲֻɵˣܰѩϢشߣһ¡
ǵĻģǹɶʾˣοߡ
ŷѾԸˣһҪдˡŷҹһͷˣӣҲ֪ǾŮ˶
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ģеĺõطûһҲ֪ģŮƯĶ椶ˮ飬ĶĻáͷŷҹɫеˣ漴е⣬εһͷǺǣҪҪĻҿԸңȻҪûȤĻǾˣٺ٣Ǿˡ
ͷһҲͻȻ뵽ԷݣܼҷİŵˣῴԼƽֳͻɫ
ԼԴǸøһˣҪŸ߼ƷչŷҹɫͷѾΪԼŬһȷ
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˭ŷҹȻ֪϶̫󣬴ҶǲˣԲŻ
СӣʶĿȻһһ򣡡
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һҲһ⣬ھưʶһŮˣ˺֮һҹ˭֪º֪Ů˾Ȼǳ¹鸾
ӿɰͷŵˣæԷϵϧʱװװ̫ŮһֱΪһĸŹ
ͷҲûжһʱûסȻָŮ˹Ρֱˣ֪Լ˴
ŷҹҡͷҪ˵ͷһβ֪Ҳˣ֪ǻܲסԼŮܣԼ
Ҫƽ϶ȥܣͷô˵ܼҽԼ˵ģСȻɫһǰ¶ʵԼҲ˼òˣһžͰ߿ˡ
λǳǳ٣ŷҹվŰǵͷҿһӣͷСһ
ĸУٵҲҶ죬ŲҲһˣǻû˵Ա߶һѾ
ŷҹüЦһ£ĿǸĴϣ̫š
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˵αŷҹҪȦһ鼡ⶼ˿ź£һͺӰĽһ
һ˹ͷѾˣָŷҹܸ飬û뵽Է˵ͿôһĻŷҹԲռ˰


197 ʲô
һӦܣһŷҹܼҽܵģˣܼҪ֪ŷҹΪ鱻˴ˣܷŹԼ
ҲҲһˣŷҹһãһԼҪûбǴ˵ŷҹܼá
뵽ͷûܣǰһԾŷҹǰ棺ŷߣճµģҪҵңŷûϵʲô
ǴҲǰ˭һƾ˹
ͷۿҲ㲻ȥһӲͦŲӣҪһƸֱ
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Ա߶һԼ˳ԿҲһ
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ٻͷʱͿŷҹȺһԣȺֻƥǵıЩҪСһЩ
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ŷŷҹŷҹ˵ŰԼƬȥ
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黹ûнƺھԼֱû˵ʱͻȻоһ֮Ҳûʲô֪ˡ
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һתɱڵسʩչˡ
ոҲڶ״̬һʧ֣ԲûһԭؼѪһĶٴ򣬱Դ֪ˡ
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ոҪٽһԷĵڶѾˣѣŷҹֻٵ

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Ϊģ˵⽻ת޴Ľһĥһһ


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ûˣںӱߵʱֻһƯ˰԰˴ӡʵһˮ𣿡
ǡŷҹЦһǳң
Ŷûбֳ˿ľȣֻŶһתˣȥŶ˰ɣģƫƧҵġ
ŷҹųõıӰЩѩϤʵԶ褣˵۾һƵĻӦòʲô£涼ƣŷҹﶼҲʵڲ
ѩŷҹͻȻ
ȻĸоУǰŮ˵Ϣѩȫͬȷ˾ѩ
Ȼһվסˣ漴˵ҽгã˵ѩеӦŮѰɣһƯңͺܳ󡣡
˶ѾκáųѾٴߣŷҹƽ˵ôһ仰
ϵģԷȻתֱؿŷҹ
ģŷҹЦˣ֪Լ¶ˣǰϢѾȫˣѩ
˭ŷ磬һҪ㱨𣡡ѩѾɳƣֱøǰһ첽߻صŷҹǰѾ
˭ҪҪǣ㲻ˣŷҹסѩ֡
ѩ۾һ˿ջǵͷ
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ѩæѺɴĬץŷҹֱۡ


201 ᲻ң
һҲ֪˵ʲôԼѾӣԼûа취Լôǿŷҹȥأ
ѡ뿪Զ뿪ŷҹֻǵһƯѩ
ЩҪŷҹɿȭͷѩԺҲԣ֪Ϊ㣬Ѿ˰ˡ
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ѩæҡͷȻȥ
ŷҹЦû뵽һתۣȻʮġ䡱ˣȻͷ֮⣬ûʲô仯İ˵˵ʮһš
ûжʮ꣬жʱ䣿
ҲҵȲ֮ޣѾˣԸ޸𣿡ŷҹʵ
šѩصصͷ
ŷҹЦЦƺ뵽ʲô
ѩĬȻֻ֣ŷҹȥʲô
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ѩԵؿŷҹôһ°ɣֶľȫˣҲ㲻Ϻ¡
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ҡŷ磬һһֱ𣿡ѩĵ⣬һֱĻ治ˡ
İɣһΪҵѪȻϽҵֳȡѪӦǲģʱָܻҾҲı䣬ʮ֮ǲˡ
Ҫŷҹô˵Ļ϶ûǱѵõĺܣοѾڵĳڵҲõҪȥһͷڵȻȥѪǲȥ
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Ȼģŷʲôʱƭ㣿ŷҹЦʵ
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ǽɣѩͻȻ˵š
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Ҳһ̣ģֻܸİһһԸô򵥡
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ѩһЦȻɴȻ˵Ų⣬ǿŷҹסģֻǸƯѩڵĳªӡ
ǸƯԼ޸ŷҹȴ޷ģֻǰԼ
Ȼ˫֣һʼ棬һȴһ׷ԲԵˣǲôڴҵİ£ֵذմϰˡ
ѩѾнһʱ䣬൱ʶϵҲ൱ãҪΪһҲôزٰˡ
˶ɢˣЩƾɵ·ֻʣֵˡ
Ⱦ𣿡ѩЦʣϰףҪȽƵء
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ô˵ҲѩľҪŰԼϢƣǸûʲôЧѩԼк
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ʲôܲĵرǾУҲҪƳɵҩУȻҲˣҪȹָһЩ֮󣬲취ŷҹǰοţΪָܻܲʵûס
ҩҩĻƶУĶȴûС
İɣһΪŷҵֵҩѩص
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ƹ£˾;ţ˵Ż
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˵ŷҹƽڴϣСĵȥԷ·
ƽŷҹǺˣҲ֪һȫޣͨ˲Ĳˣһڴ롣
ѩ뷨ܼ򵥣ԼǾǴŷҹѾ֪ԼʵԣֻҪõ壬߶յǿ˲ͻƳõƿһﵽҲǲܡ
ʲôҩһҪȥЩѾƺõĵҩױա
ѩ֪Լ뷨˵ŷҹһͬ⣬ֻþưŷҹΪ˵˺֮󣬶ⷽĸоǿңܶ˶ΪŻᷢһЩĹϵ


202 ɫذ
ǵѩɬذŷҹ·ǹʱŷŷҹѾ²ʡǴûй־飬һʱ޴롣
ҪôѩȻ֪Ůֳ򣬵̱ϾҲûоֻǿŴϵˣЩ޷ֵĸо
ʱѩʶûԣһԼĳ̶ȣôٸŮȥ顣
ֻѾûа취ˣַһΣŷҹ֮϶´ƭɾͲˡ
ˮŷҹͻȻ˯߽š
ѩæȥˮǵһ룬ͻȻͣס
ŷҹ˵֮ھѪҲ˵ǰѪ֮УͨϵķʽȡѪеǲ˵ѪҲӴ
ֱӺѪǲҲܵõṩ
뷨ͻȻִ󵨣ѩȴſ϶ǿеġ
ֻŷҹ֮ûи˵һΪַ̫ѪȣֻҪˣѡɵ취ΪиʺǵķαôȥѪأ
ѩתȡһѺɫذף⻹ǴǰɽʱŷҹǸжġ
һ׵϶ʱѪѾҪһԣǲܣҲȲҪǿ
쵽ŷҹߣԷҵˮԴ̲ͣ˱
һεѪŷҹ̵ʵ˶ѩֻǾؿš
ŷҹ˯ֻоԼһĿռɳĮֺһصɽʶﶼģģֻǵԼʵҪȫ۵öãһ˿òϡ
ʱͻȻˮΣ̾Ͱȥסš
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ڶ죬ŷҹʱ򣬲ŷԼ·Ȼѵһ˿ʣֵʱͻȻ˴ߵѪ
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ŷҹæȥѰҡ
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ƽʧȥһЩѪҺûʲôǾʧȥѪҺôŷҹҲûа취ش
пΪʧȥѪҺеֲʵı仯ŷҹҪϼѩȷС
ûмѩѩŷҹŵ·ϣһ˶һ顣
ѩ˭شһãȻ
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ѩԼǣһŮ䵽ôƫƧĵط˵ɳ˹ֿŷҹﶼڵѪ
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ǵһֶָҲͱɢˣҪŷҹȥʲôָĹвˡ
ֻŷҹҲûʱȥϸ˼õʲôô෴õԽ֤࣬ѩʧȥĶԽ࣬ѩ˵һ¡
һŷҹѾɽɱȥΪָ֮ʶ֮ȫǰҪһҲ졣
ΨһϧǺߣȻ϶ܰϴæ֮ǰûҵѩϢڵɲͬˡ
ŷֵܣҵˣ
ŷҹɽߵʱͻȻ˺
ͷʱֻһ糾ظ
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ŷҹ򵥰龭˵һ飬ԶѩҲòˣ벻ϻԵŮӡ
Ŷһ̴ӦǷͷȥңõϢ֮ҷźŸ㡣
˵ŰһźװýŷҹԼҲһѰȥ
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һԭΪŷҹΪ˰ͲᱻˣѩͲҪѪȥŷҹ˵׻ԼŷҹҲ˶Էӡ
ΪֲȱʧֻܾŬȥѰˡ
ŷҹҲûţһʶȫȫѰ
ѩŷҹͷתźɫﲻ֪жˡ
ʧȥѪҺʱҲ𣬶ʱͻȻŷҹѾָˣһѾݵԼǲһܲп
ŷҹĸԣԼһӶָˣҲܲҪԼΪ£Ӱ˸褵ദֻо
һ֮ǰ뷨ûŷҹͿԸһţ϶ΪҸһ𡭡
˵ȻѩԼҲϣŷҹߣǾŷҹܽһݵԼԼҲܲˡһֱڣվӣŸجһʵǲȥڶۡ
ŷҹ޷ȥʱûа취뿪һߵͷŷҹˣҲûбҪȥˡ
ƣ룬ܵɽεһɽȴԶ˯ȥ
о˽˵Ӻŷҹ֪Լǳ˻þԼѾʱ
ɵϣڣ˵ģŷҹ۵ذѩڻ
һѩذѾУһһѪæ쵽ѩߣ˱
߿Ҳһ
Ѫιأ
Ȼ˵ԼеҩţȻʱﲻʺ˵Ծ˳ȥҲûгֹ
ŷ磿ѩſ۾ŷҹ㡭ô


203 С·
һû㣬ôŷҹʵ
ҡɽɡҩС·ˣѩΪԼɣôġ
ѩ鴿˼Ůӣû˵ѻôƭŷҹ
͸˵ǿκõģΪʲôңŷҹ̾һ۵ŶԷͷ
桭ģѩľˡ
ҲΪģǺŷԼ̫ˣֻŷҹģʱŷҹԼѾϦˣôܳŵκأ
ʱ˵ĻȫȻûе棬һֱΪǲǸѻ
ȻġŷҹֵؿѩһۣԺҲ֣֪ѪιҺȣһڵĳڵûѪѹƣܻܿΪڵʣģô֪ҺѪⶾأһеҲһѪǶϼӶġ
ҡûô࣡ѩŷҹô˵Ҫ
ԼûʲôҪǰѱϣκõŷˣǿ޶ˡ
ǸСɵϣŷҲǹ㣬ֻӦø˵ŷҹһ߶ѩĨᣬһ߶οһжû£һҪ㣬ҵĻƶкܶҩ֮ǾͿԴ绰˵õ㾹ȻðôգסûԺˣ֪ҵģҪҲҪ˵㣡
ţѩܹɵصͷͷ
ȻŷҹĻܰԵѩĶȴĶǰ⡣
ɽһп˼ңŮ˶ôҵģҪԼҲôŮô˵ĻơţǱ˦Ʋɡ
ŷȫ𣿡ѩֻǿŷҹ˺תǺת˶٣ԼҲûаա
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ǾͺãֻҪŷû£ҾͷˡѩҲһոŷҹ˵ôأҲȷһ
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İɣŷȻˣûʲôѵõҵģһڵѣкܶණܽĶԡŷҹͻȻͣһ£Сأѵûи𣿡
ǲ̫ԶģǴ쵽ڣһֱûпС࣬ԲŻ֡
ԴϴֶСһ֣֮һֱ˯˶ûѹһֱڼѩ͵
ԭŷҹҲһգҿڵĶǱСģȻΪιѪڵĶʧȥƽ⣬С౾࣬õ˳ڵҩԣҪˣֻ֮ڸʱ֮£Ҳû˭˵ǡ
Ǿͺãŷ磬㡭ǲҪˣѩʵ
ңǣ˸ղ˵ĻҲһܿġŷҹ˵
Һϲܰʱˣ￴ҺòãѩƵĿ
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ģѩϲ
ѾʹˣٲңҾ͡ŷҹյѩĶߵвŵ
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ˣ߰ɣ滹˵ءŷҹһѩ
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ȥһϽһֳߣѪҺѩⶾŷҹ˵˳㣬ȥ׹ţ
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Ҫæ𣿡û˿죬ҲûŷҹΪʲôҪ׹ţֻҪҪæ
ŷҹһüë֣ûɣȥ׹ţƾˣҪֹ𣿡
Ҫŷֵܵ飬ҿʱԼƾˣԺ
ǺǡŷҹһЦԭô㰡
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ŷҹԵ˼֮ǰһսҲ֮ˣԸǷŷҹһŷҹ飬顣
ŷҹҸ̹˵ȾͲȥһҲԤϵġ
ԼͺˣһǼһϢ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ûУ˵Ҳеǡ
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ģѽһŷֵû˵ţѾڽµݵŷҹѽǸŷֵܷɡ
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ǰһֱŷҹǸɢޣԽӴԽŷҹһɢޣһɵĵ̣ҩǷΣҪļ֮㣬ֶ֮࣬һɢġ
ţһɡڱˣŷҹѾֱտڲᣬǶԣû˿ڡءʤаⶼеıҵĿģҪѾŰ񽣶ҵҽһš
Űѽڡءʤаѵд̫Щ񽣣һⲻһʦŷұӴʦ𣿡
Щֻǽŵûдѡŷҹƽ˵
Ϊʲô᲻磿Щɻ
Ҳ̫֪ǺǣҵĴûôһ˵ŷҹȷҲ֪𰸣ֻôһ޵˵
ҿڵѾ˵ҲδؿסˡжϣŰѽϢһȫ̽һϢ̾ͻ֪ͨ㡣
뻹ǲƾ;ɡŷҹŲЩˣֻƾϵͳӴδؾûĵģϢһ̫㣬һǺ¡
˼ֻҸ˵һЩ;ѣƾ֪Եͷǹ˽˽ƾҲһ飬ŷֵܷģԲʲôʱ򣬶վһߡ
лŷҹǺֱĺӡ
ϽУվһһŮǣɢ
ⱾҲûʲô󲿷±ǵĶܵöֻ࣬Ϊ˵ӶرԵøעĿ


204 Ǹͬ
һͷ׵ͷĬٱһѽһɷǵĻӢۡ
Ůӵ޳Ұ͹ħģһ˫۾Ҳ˱һ۾ܲ³ǸŮֻϧȻøĺڿְɵʵʵģ˿ľɫݣź
ΪôֵĴ䣬·˻ͷͷʵĻعҲڰٷ֮ϡ
λ𣿡˾ǰ
֪ô𣿡ͷʡ
֪ǻұ˰ɡ˾һ⻰̾ˣ֮Ψֲ˻ȥ
Ա߶˾״׷ѯʣһҪȥҳ̶ûһͷطȥ
ܴ󰡡ŷҹϷʵ
֮ǰõһЩϢ׹ڷֳ˺ܶɣһʱ֮ҲȫԵĿϽһ׹ŵĳԱڱѳֵģЩͷҲҵһɡ
ŷ磬Щ˶ǵӣû˴ȥǿҲɣѩҲڴõѪҺָܻԼˡ
İɣЩ˼Ȼôţô˶£ҵǲǲ¶ŷҹʶһɨ̷ѾעˣǱ߶Ѿ˶ˣǳģ߰ɣ˶࣬ǲ¶ǸǴС
Ϊ򲻵ŷҹ˾ôһ·˵Цһ·ǰţҪȥһĿĵضûС
ǰСʱȥˣ߰˸ˣԶ׺ţҲûиֵ˼ŷҹҪǰȥˣضôˣҲ̫ö֣ͦƵģֻҸ·
λ壬ʸ·ŷҹЦǰ
˵ĶضûҲ֪ġλҲǸˬ˵ĺ˰
ĸطȽƫƧʺϴٵֵطŷҹĵ̡
ˣ
ѩŷҹһۣʻ˸ŵˣæԼڣˣ˼ʣĶȽױ١
˺ݺ˿ĭֲܴһԶԭһԹ̥
֪֪ʱ˰ɡƴǱæԶˣԼһȺǱ뱾ķӡ
ŷҹһ̯˭ʣǼԼɣ׼Ķ֡
ѩҲͷҲֻˣƣٶôѣ
Ȼûлָѩ̬ѾúܺãΪŷҹȻŵˣһŷҹŽäĿš
Ա·⻰ĿǸģű٣
٣ֵܣʸ¶طĶȽƫƧŷҹɫһβǺܾõļһ
ҲеɻһﲻǿԼЩڸ˰ɡ
ûⲻŮȥǶе¶ŷҹʵ
Ŷ̸ֳһҶõı飬ӦҸֹ԰Ƕ٣¶
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û˵꣬ͱԼĳͬһƣֹ԰ǵߺԶϹ˵ʲôأ⸽һСͬǶǸĵضٺپûˣʺˡ
ҲЦţҲŷҹȥʲôˡ
õģллˡŷҹһתͷǱ߶᲻ױ˴ٰ
٣ôܣпǳİȫ˵ĵ˵
ǾͺãҶʮˣѽ¶ǮаǮˣҲ鷳¶ŷҹҡͷźˡ
磬ǲǴһ㣿һæ嵽Ǳ߶һ߶Ц
ұ¶ˣڴҸһ׳գȻǵ·һˣĺģǮڴ򣬺ٺ١˵Լˮˡ
磬ҪҪҵô㣬һ
ͷòиʵˣӽˮˣֵܷȣϴݺѧĳСӣ˵ٻˣҲмģпն࿴飬ѧϰ춼֪Եġ
֪˴磬Դϴνѵ֮鲻ĶšһСƨ
ţզûм㿴һ
ôûУø㿴̴ӿקһ顣
磬ˬ˲ͼƿ÷
ͷߣݺѵ˼䣬ȻǱͼ汦ûյԼĿ
أϴһ
϶ȥ˵Ǹطˡһش
ô˶ǳԸɷİʲôҲܸϴһѵ⣬Ÿȥͬ￴
˼仰ĹһһŮѾӰôҶܾɥΪֻͨ򣬺Ǽһһ˵֪һֻʵ͵ķһҪŪˣʧɾʹˡ
Ǿǰͷ˷ܵؽе
ģָͲСѷˡϴѵ⡣
ϴܲˣǸͬѵ
ͬҲҪע⣬С˼ҷǽϴȻҲһϲǲԼĴ󣬡Ҫеⶼ뵽ܲǶҼǺˣСǰ
һСݸɵСӣǰ˼͵Щͷŷҹѩȵصİɣģֻơ
ϴһ䣬ֻԼǰȥλѣİɣģֻ󡭡ޣҵ˼ֻƣǮóˡ
УܲרҵһҲʾһǵıŻ˰ɡŷҹ˫ۣоЩʵ̫ˡ
ֵܣͷ췹ԲףͽһǸ˼ˣִ򲻹ǰ˸ϴεؽ͡
ù򲻹ǿɵô˲֪ɣ֡ŷҹȤؿŶԷ
̾Ӧ
ëϴһưѶԷȻȥ˼˵ƣ
ǣϴӢҲͱһˡػشȫû˸ղŵľͷ
Ǻǣλֵܣ㿴ҲӣûŮǰͷǲǿ԰ǮͳˣֵܿɲһˣϴֽţֻҪŷҹ˵һ֣̾Ҫ
үô󾢰ֶҲæˣûٴΰרҵһҲҪܴɣŷҹܲͷָӵ
ϴ󣬵״򲻴򰡣Сæһֱӡ
ģ˱Ƶݶϣٲǻʲôϴڹ
ǱͲﰡ˷ԡ
죬ȴ˵ϣϴһ˳ȥ
һ·۵糸س嵽ŷҹĸǰͻȻԼֵǶûиϣæԼҲɿ˻ȥǸʲôӸող˵𣿡
ϴ֮ǰ˵ôֻҪǰ˸һվ˾͵ùԹǮôˣ


205 ǿˣ
ϻǶһվǮõȻãΪҲ밡ڲ˼Ҳ
Ҫǻһԣ
̵õ˳֮ͬ⡣
Ҫϴȴţѧϰһ£߿ϴڵףԥŸĿڡ
ԣھ֧㣡ٴվһ߶
ָ֧򰡡ϴᣬǸʲôﰡġ
ӰһŷҹѾ˼˸ǰһɨϴӦء
ѽһȣǸո˵ʲôѵǲǳˣ
ֵĶӱһŲڵϣҪ⣬ϴʱæͣᣬǾԲǳһǺģһǺڵģȫһ
ǳҲҴ٣ŷҹơ
ϴƣ˭˵ֻгܴˣ˵ȻСʵҲֵġ
Ťͷһֵ꣬Ѿˣʣһŷҹء
ϴŹҰɣҲǳģ治ǳģ˭ǳ˭˵һ߶ŭųǰ쵰һ߶︹Լǰ쵰ֵǣһ¶Ȼһ˶·ˣôҲϴ󰡣ôҲӭһ°ɡ
ŹҲǲУһŷҹ̧̧ţȻǳˣҲ۸ˡ
ϴ˵ʲôҶӦȻŷҹѽ̧ˣȴûſڵ˵
ȥǵĵ̶ҲУʱͿˡŷҹ˵
һӸˣϴ󣬳ǿǲǻҵġ
ŶŷҹǺЦЦ˼Ҵ㣿ţҵȷǲҾͰÿϼʮޣܶ塣
Ҵȥ𣿡Ӻί˵
Ҫÿ챻ӵĻһҪǳô죿
ŷҹѩʹ˸ɫһǰߡ
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󹦷һվ̫ԶķԱ߶
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ŷҹѩҲĿ˹ȥֻҲһһŮòһ£ͳǮٿȥ֪Ϊʲôͳ
ŷҹʶԭѩΪԶʶ֮Ҳûŷҹǿûа취ֻ֪ӣǷʲô£
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Ȼû˹ܣѩߵ˵
ܣǿǵͷߣ˼һֱ˵ԼۣȻ˳ˣǾ͵øǮǽȥ֪ˡҲû˵ʲôֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿŷҹ
ˣ߰ɣû¶ˡŷҹڸһ⡣
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ȥɢɣȻС´ΰǵצӶϡŷҹݺ˵
һɢһɢ̫ˡĨһѶͷĺˮͷһҪһ
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Ա߶ȥһŮʾҪ˵
ŮЩ⣬ɫǶѾƭˣѵǻø˱ƭ
׼𣿡ѩʵ
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ȻҪȻҲ̫ˡŮȴŲͬ
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ôôң۸ұǿˡŮ˵İ˻һˤŤͷҪߡ
˼æŮһȴЩŷҹûʲô¶˲ϵȴŮŭˡ
Ů˵öԣ鲻ܾôˣɣţһǰǮǡŷҹͦǸŮģҲû˾ͿǸˣ˵Ҳûдǳ⣬ıˣƲֻСһҲǶԵġ
У˵ˣ˵Ϊ˭ǻǮԼ˴˳ͺˡЩмԼŮǰԼӡ
ͺŷҹҪİǮҪ֤Լһ
ĿҪ𣿡ŮȻûӣҲһɡ
ʵҲ֪Щôţ϶к̨ģЩҪǮǼֱ̫ˡ
İɣŷ˵ԣһԡѩЦЦ˵
ţˡ˼мãǾǱ߶ſôЩҪǮġ
ŷҹûǴѩһ߽˷ꡣ
겻̫Ҳûʲô˿ͣһڲǳԷʱйأһҲкܶ˶֪ĻÿζϵֻһЩһĽˣŻżϵ
ЩҲ첻ţųһ׼ɡ
ŷҹ˵Ĵ粻εģҲûб֮Ķ⵹ķǳһ£漴ΪǰѰھƵˣˣûһصģǱ֪Ϣģ˭ҵԷǲҿ
ԵʲôĲ˵֮󣬷൱кⶼǮ
һ°ɡŷҹѲ˵ӹ
һ֪̾˵ʲô˼ˣǱأֻ˿


206 һʴ
ȷһǶʮ࣬Сһ㣬˭һۿȥҲΪǶʮǮΪĲ˼ۣȴûע⵽ǰֺͺ֮䣬ȴûС
۸ɲһӳһٱôʮĶһǧٿ顣
ǺǡŷҹЦŰѲ˵ݸѩ
ѩҲ֪è壬ȻҲǵһ۾ע⵽˼۸񣬲ŷҹûжԼҲͰѲ˵˻ȥ
ˣ׳Բ԰ôȥҪʲôʱǿæء
Ӵ̬ȾȻҲܵŷҹЦһ䣬һָһҳǰʮˣһҳмʮһҳʮˣȫҪȥɣҪ찡ǵųء
Ҫˣһ˼ҵˣæ¼ôһȻʮˣһǲ
ȸǮǲһҪ˼ʮļǮһֱӲˣٰΧͳˡ
֮꣬ǲһ־ʦ˵ļֶΣ˲òԹ԰ǮóǱ˾Ҳ˸ǳţҪɾûô˵ˡ
ôû˻ΪûǮ԰ŷҹװ̳Ʊһġ
߶šǱ߶Ѿˡϰ塱̰ŷҹס
˵ҲǰϴһӲſ˼ǧ飬һóʮ˵ĳɱж٣һĲ㣬Ҳ㹻׬һģοûǮ˵أһʴ
Ѿ˶ŷҹѩһۣ˵ĳӵҲǸʽ˵ζҲҲͲʼ
ŷҹķС߳Աţʮ˴һСʱȫˣһӲǶĵس԰ԡ
ǶģǶڴصſһĻء
һ˼ʮ˲ɼǧ飬ʮһͻʮȤǿЩڳʱ㵵ı顣
һ˻Ѿˣ˸ģǸҪúÿˡ
󹦷ѩѾһԱϾŮӵķǱȽСģȻŽľıһҪһЩҲ̫š
ŷҹͱȽˣÿһ˶ϸƷţȻǱ߶һϰ̸һû롣
ٷֱСʱǰЩ룬Ҳʱ䣬ˣ׼ȷ˵һˣȻСʱҲȷǴС꿪ļ¼ˡ
ϰ塱е˯һԵſŷҹôȥǮҲʧȥȤҪߵʱ򣬲ſŷҹվ
ϰ壬ˣŷҹ˵궼һĻ
Щڻ˯ķǣһ̶ǸɻʱڵˣǿЦÿˣǳòעˡ
һʮǧˢֽ𣿡Ѿ׼˿Էȵı飬Ѿϰˡ
һŷҹȻûоȣСþˡ
ʮ򣿿е½ŷҹ̾ţҲ֪⻨Ǯʲôֱӹϵ
˶Ӧòᣬ˵ľʮǿ϶û
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Բﲻܼˣǰ˽ɣȻɲóţСҵ˴ǰ̨ʵĸо
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˶һϲܺöԸ
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ﲻǳĵ̶𣿡ŷҹŵɻʡ
֪㻹ҳԣҲɻˣûɣȻ֪˭ĵ̶һֶҲûôҵİ
ϰ塱ȴǿˣ˼ұҳӵģ˰ŷҹΧ
ֵܣϵģиҸаˣɻûأϰ廢ؿŷҹ
ϴɣ⼸С飬ǲ쵽ҪƭǮҲ˼˵ǻɵģŷҹؼЦ
ŷҹǻˣҲ֪ڵǵӰֻҪᵶɱ־ˣǰЩǳ㵵ζȻƭΪֱ³е³ˣǾȻô⡣
һֱڵ涢Ůʱ˶Ҳ˾񣬿һǱ˸ΧĶаҪǮ˼
ŮԼˣˣеĵǵһŮЦҾ˵û»Ҫţɣֵطţֽᡭ
ֻûиϹͿѾֱˣոջƵ죬ͻȻҲ֪Ķȼ˵˲ѾˣʮߣӵĹûУѾ˷ŷڵϣһﲻǽǽ̵ġ
˵ˣϴɣǸ㲻ŷҹҰ˵
ϰ塱Ѿˣû뵽Ȼ˸ҵĵ̶¶ɻǴûй¶־ְɣؼһ˾Ȼһ˶ˣ¶˵ȥ˭ţ
ҲôǸСͷͷҪȻҲﵱϰ塱⻰˵ȥ涼ˣ绰ȥȣ˼һʾȻһ˸ˣͷõ͵ȥ
ô绰𣿡ŷҹʵ
ҴϾʹ򡭡ϰ塱ֻ˵绰
ûдϴô¶òžϴأֱӴ绰˾ȻǴһʶľ졣
󹦷򣬾һ󾯵һ֨һͣ˷ſڡ
ΧѾֲˣΪҲԷ󲻸ƭ绰ģ֮ûʲôˡ
ΪΪۣթ㵽˼ҵѣϿ˼ۣΪ˵Էֻˡ
˵ʲô֮ĲϹ涨˼ֻһ仰Ծٱ
Ҫ߰ɣ۾ּලʲôʲôһͨ˼һǲܵһ׳ˣ¶ȽǮˣ㰮զզΡ
ˣЩҪܵͷˡŮ߬ȭͷ
˵ϣŷҹһģϾǶܺһģǲ֪ôģʱҲоЩƽûϣһбһ
˾ͱȽʵˣֱӲмһΪֻعˣҪôףղʹ绰ˣİɣ˼߶ôĵ꣬ҪûеַͿȥˡ


207 ޷죡
㵽վı߶İôЩƭ˵Ůˡ
ҡҲ԰ֲֻ˼ϣҲ˵ֻʵģǾǶǣǿͷֻܸңûӵģ󻹿ܱأǸոտɻˡ
˵Ҳҵһ۾ݣҿҲһǺˣҪȻ˷Ҵˣ޷ˡ
Ůᣬһôͳŷҹ޷ˣǺԼһҲܺߺòá
ȥʲôһŮҪصȥæס
ȥǣ֤ǲǹ˵ģЩթŮִŵ˵
ɵǽȥ˾Ҳ˵ʱЩ˻סǣǶŻؼˡ˺ݺݵذŮ˻
ŮƺҲûм֣Ҳԥ֪ôԲԣһֹҲ˼η˼
Ϳˣһȥߴϡ
˭绰ľ˺һ䡣
ʵ⻰Ҳֻ׻Ϊ绰ӵģ֪ܲ˭ľ
ֻǸǰͬǣǰǳԷ˱󷹵ϰ֪ͨ߶
һȴǷϰֱӱǱ˰ѷˡ
һûôң˶Ѿӵˣһء
ұľ磬СӣϵԷǮһǵ˸ˡϰ̾ǰˡ
ҪģȻҲÿǾƾôһƺѾ֮ܿжˡ
Ҳûһ㣬ֱӰĿ䵽ŷҹϣ¶԰ͻˣ
ŷҹѩˣһֱŷҹһ˶֣ĿҲһϡ
ЩƲʮĿŵթƭͬ־ùܹܣŷҹߵ˵
Щֻ֪ÿζҪٱ飬䶼Ҫˡ
ǿۣۣͯˡϰæ˵
ҷĲ˼Ǹߵǵȷۣ˵˼۲ǹϽķΧֻҪԷ⣬ͬѣ⣬ʲô¶ȰѷǮ˰ɣ¶ٽ˵˵ҽƷ֮ģֻҪԷһĽŶǺġ
ϰһЦˣ¶ɺãƾֶһ룬Ҳһظ̬Ҳֻˣ¶鷳ҽҩʮˡ
ǺǡŷҹЦŰһŲ˵ˤϣúÿ磬˵Ĳ˼۸һǸ˼дΪƭϵӵ˶ܿóǾȻӶǲ˰ɣ
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ϰѾЦˣСӿӳˣȻ綼ҴĵλǱҪһضġ
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찡ǵһ񰡣ûǵĽг˳ﻹʲô̫ţﰡ
ᣬᣬᣡװϰ壬ȻҲе˵ͷԣϰһ綼̯ˣٿȥֻһԽԽõĽ͵ǳԸưͿˡ
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⻰еˣȻжǳţɳɲģ˸ӣǵÿͽ顣
Ҳ˵ƯҲû˻ᵱ档
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ˣ֪ⲻǷ¶ʲôĶС¶ؼ˸ûҪ꣬ҸûҪӡ
ֵܣ˵ʹ컰㵽ôŲꣿˣҵǽһҲɣҲһֱҰɣﶼѾˡ
ⷹĻǸһҲǸոûãԭΪŪ˸ʲ˭뵽Ȼ¶


208 Ƿ
ҿͷѾ˵ˣϴɣǸ㲻ŷҹ̯̯֣ʾԼҲ޹㲻Ű
ֵҪǳȥȥ˭ðɣԼȰ˵
ҲǿŷҹСǻ˱ˣһķˡ
𣿶Ҳ㲻һԣŷҹЦ
Ƥ鴤һ£Ըëոһ£ȫ˷ŵˣԣ˭ǷӰ
ɣŷҹߴٵ
򡭡ǳûˣû뵽ôһǲү
һŤͷȥţŷҹʵԼ˵ĻѶԷˡ
绰ͨˣصһԼٵ⣬ԷһҪ֣ݵĽɫΪʵ̫Ӳ
Ӻ˳㿴ŷҹôȥ
绰ˣŷҹʵ
ˡػشʵڲһӵ¶
òȥſˣǸոǵԹһŮǮͻȥŷҹԸ
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ԼһҪֵȱûӣҲһҪǰСӴӵųȥݺݳһڶ
ȥѸոյķǮǣҧ˵
Ҳˣû뵽һУȻôһ˵
㶹֮æķԸȥˣϾǮֲġ
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˶٣ŷҹ֪϶ûиģһ㶼һֽϡ
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ǺǡŷҹԭЩ˻˵ֱӰǮ͹˭ֽ˭ԿտǻոǲרҵôŰɣǻŪһˣԵҲרҵ
ȥרҵǵ˰˱ùˣĶģԼ˲㣬Ҫٹܱ˵ģ
ֺʶؿˣû취˭¶أֻûӻ֣ڣҲ
ڷһֱصŮؿһһСܵ˵ĸǰصһ̳ƱһţҪܸλֵǰ˵˵ĻԸٶ
ȻһСģ϶ǵõİʾ
ĶˣԼŷҹĹϵֻܿЦҡҡͷǸĹϵһ㣬ԡ
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ŮҲֻͬҪ˵ǸŷҹʲôϵĻǾֻǸոǼһ棬˶ѡ
һû취ˣֻûһ˵Ҳֻüſһķչ
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ٿǸ˾ôŮȴȤ˵
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ôĻˣΪʲôҪֻǮôࣿŮһۣЩ̫˵˵
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ôţŮ⣬ǲߣҪʲôʵĹ¡
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ҲûмԹ˾컹ܰȻϰ̸Ц
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⻰ҪĳЩʱ̣˶Ů˵Ļ϶ҪѰĶˣŷҹ˵̾һ񺮡
ȻΪŷҹǿˣؼСӻҪٸʲôٸȥ֮󱻸ˣҲѾˡ
ŷֵܣ㡭ҿ۾ĵȵȵˣҪƵûţ˸㳴ˣ߳ԱߵȣǷѾ˼Լ붼ޡ
Լǻʹ֣ƽʱҲ൱ŵİôô
ѾԱˡŷҹĶӣҪĻڲԣһҴ
ˣôֻص˴¶ˡ
ͷԸȥûţֻҪܰλүס˵ʲôС
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ȷҿԷСӣһǵ˼ҲûУ֪ʲô¶
ģֲҪǮŷҹ˵
һˡ
պϰɣ˶࣬Ҳ֪Լ˵⻰ʲô˼о벻࣬һ
ֽжٰŷҹĿ⳯ǸСá
Բۣ㻹˵û⣬ֽж٣ʲô˼
æҡͷʾԼҲ֪
ŷҹͳյ̨ǰ棬СõװǮĶ򿪡
ȫ
СȻңֻȥ˵ɶҪ˵˵ˣֻһ˦ͷ˼˵ɡ
СֽذѳһֻЩ鳮ƱȻʮѾõԪ
ҲʮǶ೤ʱİŷҹʡ
ֵܣ㵽
̲סˣҪɱҪʹģ
ǵˣЩǮ˷ȥҲǻһοͣĹװɡŷҹ˵Լ⡣
Ѫۻģô죬ܲ˰
ô㿴ʲô͵ǼȯˡŷҹɫѿĶԷļ򣬰ο
Ѫ磬ǷƱ
ȥȥҵſءŷҹǺЦ
Ҳȥ
һŷҹոճֵĶ˸ˣˣԵóһҲûʲô
ûֻҪСסһ˹֣СӸʰˣһж¿ʼ
᲻̫֣ѩŷҹߣЩؿһۡ
һ⻰浫ܺŮøб˰Ů۶á


209 ò˻ˣ
ɣŷҹ룬ЩǮҲǴƭû취ٻʧͻЩͬ˵˺ˣ˵Ҳ£ԼҲкô
ŶǾͺãѩɵ˵
ôˣеʧôҲȡȡ˵˵
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ۡ
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ǵĶֻһʱ䣬ÿڡڡ
찡ģ㻹ò˻ˣ
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տʼʱ˺²ҽӣǺ˳˵һֻзû֮Ѹپ˺䶯
ʮΧ£
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ڲǸжʱæһϴص˿е⣬пҲ
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šŷҹͷ
ֱӳˣǫ׶һµġ
ФֻǱһ£Ǹ򲻹ڳ֣ԼŰûá
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е⡣ŷҹͷȻҲ⣬ǿԡ
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Фûˣŷҹ̬ȣȻûѾвϣǻʲôߣ
ûˣФƵ룬춼£ƫƫôֱȥЩ˵
뷨ոѾһƴˣҲһѵܵиС
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Ŷ
ŷҹ治֪ǵŵͼӦţѵȢ
ǹһͬһõ˵ûУУôܸ㣿Фŷҹı飬ȥ˼֣Ҳһ


210 ԭ
ԭŷҹȻ
ű׹ţǺùƵ˶ˣһһͼڵ黹Ȣ˰
ŷֵ֪ͺãɲ͸ģФæʵæҰﲻˡФʱѾû̽˼ֻ˵ˡ
ҲҪæֻҪҼ˾УԸҲһأŷҹЦ
ǲܣФ۾
˵һ¶ͺȥһʣܲλһǼֱܴ衣
ô˵ֵæһʱ䣿ŷҹЦʡ
ûʲôýġФȰ
Ҳûʲôý㻹һ𣿡ŷҹ
ФһԼֻǲ뱻ȴǱȥ
ҲΰФоԼ˵仰ʱһϴ϶ûˡ
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ҸһΣˣĺ̨һʱ˵һֱŲĻ˵Ҳܲˡŷҹͷ
ФˣһֱΪŷҹԵģ˵ҪѪҺҲƹڣ˵ģҲʲôڵĶƵġ
Ǽ٣ФѾȥˣʣŷҹҲֻһģĴ𰸡
ðɣҾͰһ£ǽҲ˵ФΣֻð¶ˣִƳô꣬һǰΣҲΪΪ¶һ£Ҷðźܴյġ
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šŷҹѺõص˵ͷ
Ф߶ոתȥŷҹѾڸ죺Ҿѩ˵öԣӦһڸһͻ
ϰ塭ǸФһƵʳ鴤ţηؿһŷҹķ򣬡Ҹһȥɡ
һްԣûκСɸȥǵϡ
һеȻǴһʼҲǾ飬˵£֤һ
Щһ̫ǿˣǿЩˣˣǴͷ̵˶ָо
һΣﱻ۸ˣϴФԴųӢǰΧסȴûд¶Ȼ˵ûʲô󶯾Ǵ˳ȥ
еĵ𾪰ڴĶðôһаܰФӲŵò̧ͷֻ֮£˵˺ФˣҲ֪ǲǱˡ
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ֻôһϢФȴȫǿЦôһСܣǱˣ˲õġ
ͺһһ־ҪײıĶ̹õ𣿹ؼ˼ҾĶһ㣬˭СܣҪСܵĿ϶Ф
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ôһ͸Ҷŷҹˣźһ֮̾ŷҹѩһȥڡ
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Ǹҳ鷳ǸˣҲˣԭΪһȥĹߣΪһ㿴ȽᣬڿȻŷҹȷȻһͷͷǸһֵ׺ʲô£
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ѹȸûãҲԣǸ֣Ը˵װѾûʲôˡ
ĦҮ
ĦҮĦҮ
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ţĦҮҵǳѪҺûУŷҹʵ
УǣΪʲôҪ㣿ĦҮʵ
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ĦҮû˿׵سŷҹޱȣգ۾Ѿŷҹǰ
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ȻţܵƿϢĳԾһ
˵죬˵ĴȻֲһǶǿ֮о޴Ĳֲ࣬ǲֲġ
˵ǶǺ죬ҲǴ徳磬ǵûа취壬˵ֻ⼸ķΧʩչ⻹ΪܴﵽҪһЩ綼ûС
ŷҹһΣĸоΪŷҹȻǿʱģŷҹԶҲһȥ롣
ĦҮ̶ֳȣǵĸоѾ൱Ȼûŷҹʶ֮һƾֱȷжϣȻ϶ûʶ֮׼ȷѸٵġ
ĦҮоΣ֮󣬵һʱתΣܹһϢŽŲббһ̤ŷҹ࣬һĳȥ
ŷҹķӦ죬Ÿոһתεʱһ⽣Ѿ׷ȻǰѶԷƷӡԼĽַΧ֮ڡ
ĦҮˣȻԷе̫ˡ
ոȻûֱӽ֣ѾܹӦóŷҹʵûôǿǶԷҲ֪õʲôֶΣȻܷ
ȻԼ϶ŷҹ񣬵ɲȥԣŷҹ㡣
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ǸŷҹĴƲǲôһ㡣
⻰ŷҹ˵ģȻҲĦҮ˵ģǵʦдʱλŵóĽۣΪΪѾߵ첽ӵ˼£ȴȻǸϴƲ鶯


211 治Ҫ
λּΪԼ츳Զȹһ϶첽ȲϴƲ
ǵõŷҹһεļʱҲòسһλŵţܵóôʵĽ治Ҫ
ĸԿʱŷҹҲЩдһʱҲŶԷ̤첽
ĦҮǾظֲ٣ٶȸһһҲŷҹԭ֮һ
ŵķ˵ȻĿЧеľظ֮Уµľŵľ졣
ŵľһ͸˵ˣЩûʲôãһ굽ڣ֣Զɱǵڿǵĳƺš
ĦҮڻûҪùƳ棬ֻǳ̽һʵû뵽⻹ռ˱ˣŷҹŵĹڿĹƳóһһ治㡣
˱ǱƴʵĦҮŷҹǹöԸ֮󣬾Ȼ˶ΣԷӲתòѰͻơ
һʼԷĽڶͬĲɺһӾͱˡ
ÿһ̤ȥȴŷҹѾһ̤ˣ˵ĶͺѾε˫裬ֻʵǰ˵
ҲɺϣĦҮôţ첽
ǽˣÿһṳ̂ԷѾ˼·ȥ̤ȥˣȫڸŶԷĲӣȴʼն׷ϡ
ĦҮɫˣ֪һοˣһ׹ſЩԨԴȻôôϤԼĲ
һײ̤꣬ĦҮûٽŷҹҲû㣬˾ôĬ
˵𣿡ŷҹʵ
ĦҮŻعոȫ¶ǵȥˣ׹ʲôϵΪʲô㾹ȻǵĲ
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ʵأ첽ֻΪ˲ߵóֻһһͬŵͬʦܡ
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Ҳŷҹ˵ĿȷҲֻǿû˽̣˿ɶһʦĳ̶ȣⲽı仯϶۷̶ȣڵĦҮһġ
ŷҹ۷ֶԾӰ֮£Ȼûջ񣬶ջԼ벻ġ
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ҪƽʱĦҮ˵仰һΪǸ˶ԷĶͣŶԷǸҲһôΪڣȻеСС졣
һײëıûմţ˵˼Ϊͽе֡
Ҫ𣿡ŷҹػӦ
仰ĦҮֱţǹҲôӵģӿǹһڰ
⻰ÿŷҹţҪˣ϶һ䣬ŵڶϼ
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ĦҮŶĦҮջûϾԼøոյе޳ܣֻǲ˼˵
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һֻʲôƣŷҹʵ
ĦҮҪ˶֪ģҲǴƾõϢԷȻûȴȫڰ
һε׹Ÿ֮䣬׹ŵ͹ڶ
ŷҹȻ׹ŶѾɢˣΪʲôҪǶ˵׹Ҳûʲôϵ
ÿԳҿûлõѪҺĿģѪҺõ֮лᣬܻúһ׹ŵһЩࡣ
ҶʱĦҮôһ϶ӦȰѳ֮Ѫõ˵
ŷҹҲ֣ͬĦҮôӵģһֻʲôƣѵŻŪʲôƷ
Ȼܱųǿ϶׶ԸģڵϣʲôĹ
Ҳ֪ȻǶֵĲµĶȻȫ˽⣬㵽ʱֻҪҵĵӣֻʰȻѪҺôĦҮһ˿Ц⣬ƺΪԼľеˡ
һΪŷҹӦ
һΪĦҮҲϵ˽
ʲôʱ䣿ŷҹʡ
֮ɽĦҮûʲô
㲻ҰɣŷҹЦʵ
ҪӮһһôûСĦҮ̹Ȼػش𣬡˵ΪѾҪңҪ㣬ʱЩҲɱġ
㲻ȥŷҹǸоˡ
Ѿ˵ˣһҪģȻҸ֮ľˡĦҮҲ֪˵˭
ŷҹȴѾµǿ϶Ҫʦˡ
Ǻǣֵľа𣿡ŷҹʵ
㲻õģȻаաĦҮõ
ǿưղǺܴ󰡡ŷҹЦ
ǰ˵һһƣʵֱöԷȥշɱɹʤʧܾǸ
һĦҮ˵İպܴ󣬵ȴҪŷҹȥæƣɴ˿ɼĦҮڶ˵һѡ
һԼĹûģ
ŷҹȻ֣ȴȷΪԼĹĵĻǾ˫ûշɹĦҮʤ
ȻĦҮǣǿ϶ΪΪԷ϶ʤȴûսʤ˼ҵĹ
ùһȻڶʤڣȴС֡
ЩŷҹӦÿǵ⣬ֻĳѪҺ
㲻Ҫģ֮һеĻᣬҶŹĦҮҲ˵ֻǿӲãȻǱ˵¡
ҵȻЩҹĵֻҵıֻ꣬ܰԸֻֻҪɹˣҪҳѪҺոֵľʤǰܣɲҵ顣ŷҹѵ
ǵȻֻҪܶԸֻӦֻҪҵĵӰǹշˣѪҺģûйϵĦҮҲȷϵ
ܺãҾȸˡŷҹԷ˻֣֮ɡ
ĦҮŷҹıӰʧﾫ˸Ҳ֪Щʲô
𣿡ʱӱʲôطĬĬ߳һͬҲǺ棬ȥ˵Ƿֱ治
ֺܲûгȫǶӦ㹻ˣܱǼɵСҪǿöࡣĦҮ˵ͷ


212 һ
һĳɹˣȴڣҪѪҺʵ
ǺǣǵȻĦҮǵͷڣлĻ𣿡
ΪҪ˻ش
ˣѾٱκˣɶǵġĦҮ˵ЩȻ
Ǻܿͻǵġ
ȻĦҮƺҧҧǸСӣҲӦˡ
ΣҲɱ𣿡ʵ
ƺͶͬʱУֻҪշ˺ǵǰϻˡĦҮݺݵ˵֪ڣȻҲ㣬һΣǳĺûᡣ
һᾡ죬ϾǸСҲöԸ˻ش
ȥûа취ܾӦ֪ҵ˼浲Ƕһ϶ѾһˡĦҮЩֵؿˣΪԼİţֲ׺ܲӦá
֮˺ܲöԸҲܸоת˻˺ڰƺû˵ȥ˼
ŷ磬ҪǺǻ᲻ǣѩʱǵĵŷҹ
ȻĦҮǣ˵ǻûп͸ǲҪĵ顣ŷҹЦ
ѩû뵽ӵĵʣڻôԸأѵǸǼٵģΪ˶Ըǣ
ģҲģǿ϶ղ˹ƣԲŻȥڻңûһųŷҹ۾գգѾ˶Էļƻ
ΪʲôҪӦѩˣҪһȥһ˴㡣
ŷҹո˵ǡҡǡǡ֪Էȥðյġ
ǺǣɵѾͷһ˽ȥƲңټһ㣬Ҫչ㣬Ķܹ˵ùŷҹѩͷ
ΪʲôһҪӦأǲñİ취𣿡ѩʵǲܵ飬ŷҹзǶԷҲ϶ܵļƻ˭֪ʲôأ
ͷİɣǵֻĦҮǾ죬ұǸѶԸһҪö֮࣬սҲδؾͻŷҹѩԼϣĦҮҪսһеģûа취һȥƣԲ˭һȥҶа취ǣң͸˵ŵķ˵һǣһЩĹҲһ
Ҫһȥܰ㿴Щˣ㲻עʱֱֹܷӶ֡ѩִֵ˵
ʶ֮ŷҹյѩǻǳĵİ
Ҳܣʶ֮Ҳܵģô֪û淨㲻Ҳ˵ˣǸ첽ҲǹϵŴ𣿼Ȼܴ˵һЩǲ֪ʶҲһܿסѩᶨ
ŷҹΣѾͷĸȥˣǺðɣҪע⣬ʱһ뿪ңó֮ûа취һʱҵ㡣
ǵȻҾȥġѩͷ
ŷҹЦôǱչһأ
ãȻȥΣһԼڣʱܴѩ뿪˷ǰѩ棬һٱĦҮϣǿɾ͸ˡ
ѩϵϢı䣬Ѿ޷˲ľҲұ֤ЩһûʲôطܸоϴǸص涼Լ֪£֪ѩľ֮һ
ʱһζŷҹһ£⼸ﾹȻûκľٶ֪ԼһЩֶΣھ;Լõʱ򶷹Ƴ⡣
ŷҹµҲǶԣʵҲǹʵòʲôҪǸֵģֻĦҮǸˣ˶һξĹؼʱҲڱչˣŷҹФ֮ˣŷҹֱ͸һҲûʲôã粻ɡ
ŷ֪⼸Ϣôȥ˵Ҫһһ½Ĵ¡Фŷҹһ
ĦҮΪʲôĿĸŷҹЭ飬ⶼФܵֹҲǶ˼ʵ
ãʲôƻûУŷҹʵ
ҾͲ̫֪ˣҪȥ֪ФĶܽӴֲĶҲͨǰһ
ǹڵķչһϲϡ
߰ɣŷҹѩһФĳ
˵ʵĦҮȻûиŷҹ˼ФŷԸֱӰŷҹ͵ԼõåɽС
³ʱŷҹֻĦҮһˣֲûǣѩһǰȥ
ŷҹȻǰæǾ鷳ٰһǹһĵӣ·ɡĦҮ׳ɫĴñ
ŷҹ︹̣Щ˻Ǽù𣿸Ǻӣ
ֻʱҲֻðŶԷ˼ѩһǶ涼ϣôһȥǷֲʲôˡ
㶼źҪôŷҹʵֻʲôûµϢ
ǲ֪ĵصѡģķʽģȴҿ϶һЩܵĹȰѷ͸ȥĦҮŷҹ˿ȷԷûʲôɵɫһָԱһˣһʼʱ͸һ˾ͺˣһн֮󣬶İţֻҪŶʲô⡣
ŷҹǸһۣʶɨҲֻ൱ᣬΪӦҲ̫ǿ΢΢ɻһָӣǵʲô˼
ŷҹ֮ǰ˵ģ͸Էˣթǲµ飬Ϊ֪Էǿ϶ôģ⼸ûɡ
ʶһɨѾ˵ϣһȦ۾΢΢һ¡
һֱһˣȻһͱĦҮٵˣȻʶ֮ΪǾͺͶԷϵϢ˵Ӧò
ҲܱǸͷĦҮȻǰָȨһͨΪˣ϶ʲôèˡ
ŷҹɫ̧ȥԷʶ֮ȴѾȫλؼţԷʼնͷ۾û̧һ£Ѿˡ
֮ǰŵˣ˵ͷߣʵҲǸӣʱĴͷߣ϶ǺǸˡ
һԼעֻķϣԷȴڲ֪֮䣬ѾȦ
ƲȻ򵥣ҪƽȴףôΪʶ֮˭һ۾Ϳĸͷ
һʱˣڴҵװһģɽһƬڵ״̬£ת̾ͻʧȥ˵ķҪǾ͸ˡ
ֻĦҮҲ֪ŷҹʶ֮־湦Ҳֻ֮ŻɳĶŷҹȴѾˡ
߶ڲý֮󣬾ͿҲѾˣֻûǵ˶࣬ˡ
γһĶԱȣĦҮ߶ǿ׳ԷƵ£ôŶĦҮռѹԷơ


213 򵥵
ŷҹȴ̶ֳ֪ȵսѾֻˣһĦҮЩˣһɨһƬѾûʲô壬ؼǿʵ
ܸԷҪվһģǿ϶Ҳһ򵥵ʣԷȥμӶƵģǳͷ֮ǰڵһȺˡ
壬һΣ㲻ôõˣڷһٸһ·ģĻҵõʥ֮󣬵һģ㣡ĦҮָŶԷͷ˵
ŷҹѾˣҲͷһʹһЩǱĦҮҪʮ꣬ĦҮʦܣҲһ츳ȻܸĦҮϼһа塣
һһŮ൱ᣬӦĵӣֻ˶棬һ߶װҲ̫ࡣ
׹űΪֻǺС֮󣬲ŻԽԽ࣬ɾ͹һͳšҲ˿ʾָĦҮʦ֣һĹҲˣΪ֪к˶ٵ׹ţΪЩ࣬Żᱻָаɣɱ㣬ֻΪŻ
Ǻǣ˵úãɱʱҲΪŻĦҮ˿⣬ŵӴڱԣʲôʲôаֻûаֻпʵ˵ڿ˵ʲôаⱾŴеĹȴǴ㲻䵱ŵӣɡ
λҪĻȥƵ꿪䣡ŷҹں治̲زһ䡣
ڳ˶ˣǶڶԻĶ˲ķݶ
Ǿʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ˣһạ̊́˵ϴ󼶱ˣǹ˵
ܶﶼô룬ĦҮҲ൱ƣһװúܲרҵ
ԭĦҮѧԮ岻мЦһ
ϻбҲ룡ĦҮ˵ЩڣϾڲ顣
˵ˣһ֮˭ͳ˭ܽŵһӦֶƴһǼ˼
ǺĦҮҲҪ޳Ͳһ¶ûڳˣ޳ܡ
޳֮ͽҲ֮λŵĴоϣ
ӲǺعذʦųһҾһ·ĦҮһ
ŷҹһ£ԭˣȻĶӣŮ˵Ҳֹϵ
ô˵һȻֻʣһˣֻ˵ûдȥֻǴԼĶԷһս
ѩȻҲ⣬ŷҹ·˼ԥ
ŷҹȻ֪˼ڿŵһһϸĵӶûУǰ忴׹ŵӶҪǿ̫ࡣ
ԼվӪȻǸ෴ģѩôǲԵġ
ŷҹ΢΢ѩС֣Цһ¡
Ȼ棬ѩҲ̾˶Է˼ǿɲĦҮˣ֮վֻΪ˳ѪҺҰŷҹ˼ֻҪѪҺ֮ǻҪŸ͵øá
뷨ûˣŷҹȻҲ˰һѵͷϾܰ׹Ŵ;Ļ׹ŽҸкô
ʦųǺǣҾöԣΪ㲻䣡ͬһ涼
ȥҵĹƣҪԼӾɣĦҮԵЩա
ȥһԼ˰ɣ˿ֻӰ졣
ǻģŷҹٴοˣǲǳԹ
Ц˼˵Ǻ˼ǾͿʼ
ĦҮؿŷҹһۣȴû˵ʲôһжѾźˣŷҹֲûʸȥʲôҪһС˵ˣһӲˣ뵽Ӫɾɵˡ
׷ٹƣ
ĦҮֱųһֻСɳһĹƳ棬ֻСڿֻ΢΢ͣһ£Ͳطֱȥ
ʲôѩЩʵ
·׷ٹƣǲµĹɽǰûöԷ֪ʲôطùƳǹȥǾˡŷҹ͵
Ǹʲô𣿡
ʵѩЩĶԷ⣬Ͼ׹һˣֻԼôҲĦҮӪҪֱʶԷ᲻Σգʵ̫һ
˼ٲ⣬ҲҪı߶ˡ
ⲻĦҮӦӦŷҹش
Ա߶仰ģĦҮˣٴαĦҮƺһ¡
ĦҮﰵ޲ְСӸˣʵеơ
ڣҲֻǿŷҹԶȥˡ
׷ٹ˳ɽ·ɰɣٶҲǿ죬ĵҲܸϡ
żƳֱ߷ߣǾƸԶҲڱ£Ҳ׷ٹƵˣȻɵĻ׷ϣѾûӰˣǾֻǸֲõĹơ
һֱһСʱң׷ٹƲͣһɽſţȻѾĿĵء
ˣ׼һ£ǽȥǰŵͷ˰š
ŷʦ˵ΪȽϸߣһȥʱͷ𣿡ԷЩƣǶŷҹЩ
ûʲô⣬ⱾӦģǺǡŷҹЦ
ѩҪ˵ʲôǱŷҹһģ̾Ͱѻȥ
ǺǣǾͺãǾͺá
ѾŷҹʲôɣնҪ˵ԷҲҪվм䣬кܶͣȷ˵вӦ˵Ϊ˱İȫںˡ
û뵽ǣŷҹȻԥһ¶ûУֱӾʹӦӦø˵ģƺҲоĶеԣǾĶԣ˵
ǽɣ°һ֮Ѿʼ˽ɽ
ŷҹѩǰȻ֮ĹߺܰЩ˶׼յǿƾͰɽյͨ
ŷҹʱȴһ£Ȼ飬Ϊʶ֮ԭҲһ˶ҪǿĶࡣ
ôˣѩŵʵ
Ȼŷҹ˵ڹпƵЧѩǺܵġ
ûʲôֻǸо䣡ŷҹܵ
ôһ˵֮󣬴ҶʱоˡǰΪûע⣬һѣҲⶴﲻһ䡣
߰ɣϿĹˣҲóȥطͷ˱Թš
ŷҹ˸֪ҲֻһӣǶǸһֱϼһ
ҲûͣȥѩһǰţٶȲ죬Ҳɽߣûʲô·ԴҶûзǿѹٶȵġ
ʶ֮ڲϵɨţ뿴ǿĹﵽײ
ǽǷһ⣬ɽԽĵ·ھԽ࣬˺˿һͨ˸Ͳ֪Ҫһ
ŷҹɫǸͷ˿ȥôߣ


214 Ϊأ
ҲֻǸΪߵˣ֮ǰ붼û뵽ģĦҮҲûнĻʵЩ̫ˡ
ֿǰļƻû˵ԼЩֹûа£
һʱ䣬ͷͷ϶ˡ
Ϊأͷ˾ˣ԰ָ˻ȥ
ȻеΣϾŷҹֻһæģⲻӦãҲûа취ֻˡ
ֿ߰ɣһڣʮˣĸһڣĶзˣ̾ͷź˸Ϲȥŷҹô˵
ðɡͷôԥ
Ҳ˵ﲻãֻǵĦҮȻˣ˵Ļһ⡣
˵ŷҹʼν
ͷֿˡ
ԼҪͲˣǻ˵ҲȷʵʲУԼֲţò˼Ҳ
·ɣ㹻࣬˹ֻҪźţҲ㹻ֵ֧һϵط֧ԮһֱûпڵǸ˵
ţһЩǾͷֳ·ͷһԼ߶˳⣬̾Ͳɣ˻Լ߶ģŷҹɿǼǱ߶ŷҹ
ָ˼ˣһЩΪһģǸŷҹһԼ߶İȫҪһЩ
ڸո˵һˣûǴԼ߱ȽϺãǸл˼
û뵽ǣǸ˾ȻԶߵŷҹȥˣûӣʱҲû˵ʲôֻܴˡ
ŷҹȻЦһ£ҲŸղָɽȥ
ѾӦһ£ûʲôΣգԷڵشѩǰš
˿ԼûбɵȻǲںţŷҹô޼ɵǰһԥûУеˡ
ŷҹģĴڣΪ˰ǹһڰŷҹԵǲŸء
һ·Խߣɽ¶ҲԽͣϿĲʲôɽһһ
һʲôҲûаۿѾߵɽľͷŷҹ˵
һҲѾˣһ·˰Сʱû뵽ȻһջҲûУ·ǰ滹нһ·ߵ˾ͷûٶѡˡ
ҲãҲ˵ֻҪȥѡһ·ܿҵӦһˡ
ûʲôԥҶѡߣǱȻģһտյɽʲôҲɡǿץģһ˾ˡ
֪ʲôƣסôɽ
˭֪϶׷ٹСӡ
ǿɲһСӱȷ˵ϣŵֲױ֣Ǻġ
Ϊͷ˲ڣŷҹȷֻһæģЩڵȻû̫ѹʼ߱
Щ˵ĻŷҹҲһ㣬ԭЩҲ֪ĹʲôһȴǺȷĦҮ϶֪ġ
㲻ȷֹ࣬Ҳ϶֪ǹ֮԰ЩչƣҲǴƷģǶƷԼʲô͸ˡ
ֻⶴĦҮ϶֪Ϊص㶼ʱģĦҮҲ֪ѡ
ͬ˿һĵط϶ҲĦҮǸϣȴǺġ

⼸˲ŸոջûжԶɽصһĲҽУʱɽˣ֪϶Ǳ߶顣
һʱ֮䣬ǾȻûһҪϿȥԮ˼
ǸһúܲңԼЩ˶ǰȥ֮󣬻᲻Ҳ³
ÿһͷ뵽ԼΪʤȻҪԼͲҪ
ȻǶûΰ̶ֳȣʱ򣬱ǵһѡ
ŷҹҲȻҲᶯЩҲһֻǱĦҮõĶѣ˵Щ˶ڹȴǴһʼͺֻΪԼĿĶ
ѩѾסŷҹ֣ȻѾصΪǱϾһŮӣɭĻһ
£ѪͲôˡŷҹοѩ
ȥɽﶼǹһĵӣŷҹֺεıɻɶﰵ治ǶȻͬԼİȫ
ǾͿʼԲߣô죿ţ·ĥһɣǹٶһŷҹ˵Чһء
ҸϿ죬˵ĻץҲɱˡ˴ʱ˵һ仰
Ǹо˵Ļ׶һθڵʧˣԴΪûаѹץƾôˣҲ֡
ߣʱѾ˲ȥŷҹˣΪٲϹȥ֮ǰһ˾ͻᱻﳹ
ЩۣΪⱾڼƻ֮УǰˣʲôҲʲôҲûץǿɲҪĽ
ŷҹԲںҲСӱͲôںѪҺ˵ǾˣҲϾû˳ѪҺˡһһˣܾܿǰˡ
Է̣ȴûʲô̵ģѾһˡ
˵Ĵ£һѸٵسǸɽ׷ȥ
Щ˵ǸӰҪϵҪȥһ᲻пܺһ
һŷҹѩˣǳˡ
ҲţֻƵظţǵģоѾˣ䲻һʱƴˣֻôظں档
ոսʱ򣬾Ѿоֹ֮ǿʶǿĹ
ҲȷֹʲôЩڵˮαôżء
𡭡
ɽͻȻӴȻΧʯڶ΢΢زš
ﰡʲô
񡭡
ϡϡ
ûܵ·ͷˣѾЩ
ǿֹʨϻҲʲôϡĶ⶯һֻʨһֻϻܱȵϵ
ȻǶĶԲ򵥣Ƕûм
֮ǰѾ˲ҽУһŭҪٲ֪ǰʲôǾͰڵĵˡ
Ѿ˴ùģؿϣǸȴһŭȣʱѾԸ˭ҪǸҿԵɱ
㣿ϼ
Ѿܲ˵ˣûܹ岽ѾһѪɽĺ
˭ˣҲԽԡ˺ȵ
ûû
ʣµ˶һֶŵˣǶ˵ΪǱߵö࣬Ļ϶ġ
ǰߵĻпܴӹںˣǿ϶˵Ķ֡
Ƭ̼䣬Ѿ˴㣬ֻӲͷƤǰˡ
ŷҹͷģھȻ֣Ѿ˲Լֻŷҹָˡ


215 ôߣ
ֻǴӦǻȹֻｵû˵ҪͷɡŷҹЦЦһ̯֣ʾûôһ涨ϰɣеĻϣ֤ǰѹշ˾ͺˡ
㡭˱˵һ͡
ԭĴŷҹͷԭΪСôҲûɲӦһ˼ҸԼҸͲʲôͷ֮˵ΪûԼ
⵹Ҳʵûа취ôȥҪ󣬿ָоϰǮȴûа취ָԼСκĸо
ָӶָӲˣôȥƣҲߵţֻܿԼˣֹˣûпܾȫ
ﰡ
ҪǰȥǰЩˣȥָһѾ˴ǰһ˻ˡ
Ҳ˻ˣû
ô󡭡ôߣߣ
ܣ
һδҶ֪ǰʲôΪѾ˿ǶӶš
ʱѾҪɽĵײˣ֮ǰЩˣѾ֮Щ˶ûһˡ
˺żΪҪٽģû뵽
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ǿǶǺôȥľֻѡ
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ЩѾһٱ飬Ծ飬ôԼȥ
Ҳǽ¶ܽеģϾ˭ȥǺ˵¶ֻڶԷ֪飬ԼҲװ֪£ϡͿͰ˸͵·ϣֲǸַ
˭֪ɽȻôڣԼҲߴˣ⻹ôܣҶѾˡ
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ŷҹָˣСӾøһһֱյǰҲֻǰЩڻҿˡ
ǰͷѾˣʵ۷״̬ΪʲôΪһĻԼǰ׵˳
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շⶫҲ֪ʲôֶΣڶԷ۷״̬ԵУҲǶ֡
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Ȼδ߹ǴҲֻװǰһͷ̾ɢ
ˣ̽𣿲ܰ׽


216 
һڲ۷ʵǲ£һϣܴסǵĹϣ
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ֻѾڴҵˣֻǰݣŻ޹ʹĹ
ҲѾƣˣЩɧŵˣֻڶԷֵ̫ʱ򣬲ŻתһͷȻһ徲ˡ
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뿪ʼʱǱĦҮƱˣô󣬺һ˱˸أ
ҹ֮̾͸ϣڶԷһϣܸԷһػֻҪΣǾһⶫȥ֮һ㹻ĺôվǰ
һؿ׶Ҹ㡣
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ʱ˵Щʱ˺ģһѳԼڲĦãκ˵ٲһߣ̸ɱ
Ħóϣ
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һ֮󣬵ҲǰŹߣ͵ŽпĳͷɣĦÿ˵ɫ֮Ҳмֵ⡣
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ŷҹȷһ𹥻𣿡Ħóŷҹ
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ӸղЩ˵ıŷҹѾ˵ΪǸĦҮͬҲǲôһ
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ĦҲ֪ŷҹ˵Ǽ٣ȻҲЩģʱѾǼϣòˡ
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ȻظȴһҲɵǵڶεġ
Ħõһʱ˳ȥõһ絶ӵıˢһͳ۾ȥ
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ɱԼ֮ųȥ
Ħ֮һֱսûߣΪѾٶȼ죬ڳŭֻҪһˣ˵̾ͻԷһ£ûа취֤Լȫ˵ġ


217 ̫ˣ
ܣŷҹܣСӸ춼ûеǿһǱԼҲвСĲ࣬
ѵɵСӻΪźԼɱˣӮöԷΣҲ̫Цˡ
ҿûз裬ǣҵĵϸ֪;һΪǵն̫ˣŷҹЦ
ˣĦһ
ǵȷû̫˽СӵĵϸΪСȻģȴǳѪҺʱ־ڱصõӣǲԼͬˡ
ֶȻϡУҲûУȻԷԼǾȻΪ˸ûйϵͲʶ
ҲǸû˳һֱ״̬йءǲټĳﱳ󣬶û̫֪ǵĴڣοӵء
ŷҹ䣬˵ŹǻҪһǲĴ֮ģ˵Ĺȫûп֮Ű˸ӴţǸȥˡ
һ룬岻ΪԲŹŷҹȡѪҺİɡ
Էˡ
Ħﳹ׳ȥǲ˵һģŷҹȻа취֤ṥ
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֮䣬ѩʹ˸ɫԷ̾ͻ⣬ŷҹȥɽʲôֵĶúά
ܵõĵرǿɸһ°
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㷴ؼŭ֮£Ѿʧȥ֮ǰǣŷҹԽԽԶ
ѩ͵õʾʱһʯ棬Ⱥһ֮ϢԾ˹ȥ


218 ܵĹ
ҲƲѩʩչ˼ӯƮݣͨӦǰûС
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ŷҹҲһúѩɽǿˡ
ҲԼ᲻ᱻҵ͵˺Ķ棬һεǰ档
ֻʱһһȴǻ˸λãȥŷҹס˶ڣȴҪ̽ܵĹˡ
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ŷҹȫԸźɽʱɽȴһѩĽ
ŷҹһڲѩȥðգȻҲǹߣҲŸոΪֵطԱûС
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ŷҹһ߶ˣһ߶ҪԼɱˣִƽʹ顣
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ŷҹſһͷʱ򣬶ԷѾͷײ˹
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СڣȥɣѩӺ滺˳ֱһţһɫС˳棬ѩһۣתͷȥ˹ȥ
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ѾܸĹ߶Կ˿·Ĵˣ֪СһԺжֲȻһǶûС
ŷҹֵС߾ȻѩѺãȥĸ״Ҫãˡ
Ҳ֪ҸͲѱСһһǣҾ͸оûж⣬Ծϣˣѩ͵
ŷҹѩ˵ֱţѪŵǰҲһһѪôΣյĶѩȻȥԼֱϣ̫Σˡ
ֵǣС߲û˺ǺγһԼͬѱǰС޽Լһͬ
ͻȻŷҹһ԰ѩǾѪŴ˵ʥѪһ֣ΪѪ¼ĹƳޣͨѪȻĺøС
Ȼ˳Ĵĺøл᲻ǸڰѩԵСʱû̫ĹԣԺ׾ͻӵžʵֱǿѩ
ֵһӡǺҪģ൱ڰѩΪԼҪˣѩŻиСܵĹϵ
ŷҹ뵽Щأ˭Ҳ֪᲻Ƿ
ѪӦÿԿ˳Ƕûʲô⣬ͬĻǾʹ˰֣ٴȥҲһռʲôˣŷҹź˵
ȻԷˣǲô̸УԷôҲһЩ
ȻŷҹĻٿ˿Сߣֲѩ


219 ֵĺɫ˿
֮󣬺Լͷ˵ϣŷҹȥ
ŷҹûжְؽҲӴָͳҩƿ
źߵʱ򣬻ְѺ⽣ͳӰ˻˳ּٰҩȥ
Ȼ˶̵úں˵ȴ㲻ʲôˣŷҹٶҲǶںĻӦ֤ԼǶԷĵˣѡ
Ҳð൱ķգΪȻоϵɱ˭Ҳ֪᲻ͻȻĻŷҹԷӴ˲סҲֻбɱķݶ
ǴʱѡţΪС߸ѩ֮ĹϵټϺѩʱƺҲЩıˡ
𡭡װͷغš
СִӺϴѩֱۣһ·ѩļ򣬿ȥǼ϶һֵĺɫ˿һ
ţŷҹʱСڼеǰ̽ӣҪѩߵ˼ѩ
ѩҲСߵֻһʱû׶Է˼ϾСȻ׽֮ûԼҲͨöԷ֪Լ뷨
ʱŷҹô˵̾ǰȥ
ҪΪŷҹʵ
ʱı֣ŷҹҲЩˡ
𡭡һǶŷҹĻӦƵƵصͷ
ǺǡŷҹЦˡ
һ˶˵ҪΪӴ֮ʲôģ⻰ãûмˣˡ
ǶȴһһǲˣթģһƺޱҪгŵöࡣ
ѩǰɣŷҹ˵
ŷҹѩ˿ߵ˺ǰ
ȻҲûиоĵ⣬ҸСߵĹϵҲʮǢǿ֮ǰɱô˵ĺѩе¡
޽Լŷҹȡ⽣
ٴε͵͵غһ˻Ӧ֮⣬Ŀﻹ˸ǿҵڴ
ŷҹˣΪʲôȻѩΪôķӦ
ûԥѩ˵κεĻ
Ӵ֮󣬿ĸ˻ٶѩһָһͷ൱ھĺպٽջΪ˭ȥǼֱ
һŷҹ⽣û֮ǰһ㣬ǺغĶͷϿһԼӡǣÿһ۶ʺѪҺһصķš
ѩŷҹѩһתͷ
ԷСֵʱ򣬺⽣ִһѾѩĿһƵӡǣȻʾӡĶͷϡ
ѩȻ֪ŷҹẦ˹ȥӡ֮䣬ͻȻһâӡͻķӦһȦȦڶһĹâͼѩƺͺĶͷ֮תš
ȥʱâҲҵʱȻһգѩС
ѩ̧ʱѾһǳǳĺɫӡǣһţ굽ƤһҲҲ
ںĶͷϣǵŷҹµӡǣȴٴαǿҵĹâ˷ܵһͺ𣬽ϵѾѸٱǡ
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֪ӵǵõʲôҪͻƾӡŷҹҲȷûּʶǴ֮УҲҲ˵ȥ֪ˣǲôġ
˺֮ԼԼģȻ˵֮Ҳַ˵ޣǶΪ޽Լ⡣ʵֻҪԼڣ˾޵ӡǣֻҪ֮ܰ޻𣬸γɷɣ˵Ϊ˼Ƚ׶ܡ
ĳ£˺֮Լ˵ɢˣֻޱΪߵƣʱŻνķɡ
Ǵ˵֮УȻҲҲǷëǣҪȻҲͲΪ˵ˡ
˺һСߣһź˶⣬ͿϵϢһʱȶһǿһҲҲԵĿ֮Уʱʱһڹ⣬Ҳʱʱڵȴʲô
üһҪˣû뵽ôףŷҹȵ
˵ô仰û˻ĺͷ
ǧ꣬ҵһܽģŷҹȻ˵ôף𣿺ˡ
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ɽӰ쵽ǣСˣ˵ιҪƤˣһ׽٣Ķ㲻ȥֵطŷҹ²ŵ
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˵һΣҲûУȻǲܵģǱ֮ϴǽһ֣ŷҹб£׽ٴϣҲûа취úؽˡ
һʱ䣬ŷҹѩһСߣǵ۾ͷ޴ĺڿյ֮ϣ䶯壬һ㷢ŵɫƤ
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ŷҹһͷȻѩϣЩ̶ѾȻ䣬ڵƤǰһͬӤһϸףһ覴öûУǱǰһصĹ
ǺѪҺԭһԼѪҺʡˣŷҹ뵽һƬϲá
ѩ޽ԼʱѩȻҲմ˺ѪҺӡᱻѩȡһƿ
ʱʱѩڵĳҲ˳
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ֶںϢ֮£ʱȫ֮ͱޣѩȻҲȫˡ
Ҳڸѩ޽Լʱ򣬵õ˾ϢİԲŻͻȻͻƣŷҹںͻһҲһص˽⡣
ȻһβǻܹԣѾǱǰһֻҪٴ˵պʱ
ŷҹ˵ŵʱ򣬺Ѿס׵磬Ӵ϶ĵ⣬Ӱˡ


220 ټһ
ֻǳ˼ӣϵ׵ͱøӿһһǿȱղǸҡ
ϵĺҲȥʱܻᵹµģֻ£Ǳһ޴ͷ­ҡţ˻ţҪϵ׶̵һ
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ټһŷҹҲΪ͡
ѩСɵһһҲصǰעһһ
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ǰСʱȥˣ˻ѾȥϵҲƵʣӽβӡ
ãŷҹʱȴͻȻһ£ʶȻһγΣա
ܹɹ׽ٵģ֮ǰŷҹսһϱ⽣ͳӰˣһؽĽڵ˵ѡ
ǰŷҹѾ֣϶ڷСߵʱ򣬺ķ̫ľԶԸŻһЩ
ԭӵһ𣬺ڵЩΣˡϵ׵ѾСǶǸ֮ǰ׵ȽϣȽѣҪǱ׵ˣŷҹڵԼ϶ܲˡ
ҲǺޣƤ񿹴򣬲ܳôá
ƫƫҲ״̬Ҳ˽ӽ޵ʱôȥ϶ǻṦһ
ŷҹ´󼱣¶ﲻǰ׵ϣǾ͵ûгɹȻܾȺһһβ֪׽ٻ᲻ôùˡ
ڵĺҲʵ̫취ֻǺ̾Ҫʧˡ
ţŷҹһӴָԼΪõĵҩ˳
ʲôϴ赤鵤ʣµĴݻ
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ŷҹ֮ҲȻһ̧ͷſЩȥ
ŷҹοǴѪˣϰٷ֮ʮĶ׳ȥҲЩҩʱֻҪܰѺƽȹˣʲôҪá
Щҩ˳ԵĻƽҲܸܳһţǰҩԣһƿҲ͹ˣһ㹻
ǺͣʣѾ˵ı׼ˣҪôȥ㣬ŷҹһʱ֮Ҳһı׼ֻܶĸҩ
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ŷҹҲЩ£һҪҩķ˻ˣܻЩӰ죬ûбİ취˰
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Ӱ⣡һ֮䣬齣ǳ
ѽӰεģǵ˿У̾һĻһƬ׵֮ڽ֮⡣
ŷҹһԾ֮䣬ѾǰԼѧĶȫʩչѽͬһǵ׹ⶼԼĽ
ԲۣŷҹҲû뵽׵֮Ȼôǿ
ֻýҿҲֲ̫׵磬ǻǻ˿˿ĵӿʱһԸдȫ
Ҫ֪ŷҹһֻ۷ˣ񽣰׵סˣһҵ𺳡
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˭֪һãͳˣֻԼ֪ΪŽ壬һܰ׵סˣԼ϶ҲǸ׵˲˽ķݶˡ
˿˿׵֮ŷҹ壬һʱ֮䣬ͷҲûʲô˺ˣƺҲ֪ʱ䲻̫ھŷҹҩ
ʱŷҹȴµĸоĽ׵Ĵ߻֮£ȻҲ̼رš
ѵҲ׽ͻƣŷҹͻȻ뵽һֿܡ
Ϊ۷壬ֻΪһֱѰҶûʲôҩ߻Ϊû뵽׵֮ȻҲܸô
ŷҹҲʵǿ׵Ҳָӡ
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һߴľǿǻҪӵģҲһˣΪȫϣʲô¶
䡭
׵֮Ĵ֮£ȻŰصıϳȥҿȥǸƣǾضסӡ
ŷҹҲùҩˣҲһİԵսʱŷҹҲְ̹ԵķʽˣԶ׵֮ĸȻҲİãûκѹؾͽˡ
Ҫñˣһ۷ļһȻ͸׵֮Ǽֱô
׽ʲôǶڽʱŻֵģ߶ԣֻڷʱ̣ſܻ׽١
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¶˵ȥ˼ҲЦ㴵ţͻɵˡ
ŷҹһ˲ͱǿĽҲ˵׵֮ǰ׵Լˡ
ŷҹҲǴϲЧĻĽ϶
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ŷҹҲ쿪ܰ׵֮ð˻ĽѾһðˣҪ׵֮ſǸڲɵ顣
׵֮ΪȽ΢ŻᱻŷҹһǷſʱһһ©̾ȫŷҹһ¾Ҫ˵׵֮ˡ
ŷҹͷҲֻһǰʱѾˡ
ʱѾһǴŵ׵֮ҧȥҪ׵ˡ
һˣŵ׵ıȥͬʱͷϵİҲˮһļƤ۶ֻܿǵٶȡ
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˵
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Ǻǣ˵Ϻڻ˵Ҳ֡ŷҹͷЦҶԼˣԲô
˲֣Ҳǵõε֮󣬲Żữԣ˵ҲֻΪԳɹֻҵĻ֮ʵаŻ磬ʱ䣬һ۷ĳ̶ȡԽԼΪ


221 ˵
ʲôΪֻҪû¾ͺˡѩҲûҪȥʲôԲΪʲôġ
Ϻڣô԰ɣŷҹʵ
˵ѣոֶо֮ܽʲôԡԵһҲϣʮٸʮֲϰߣϺڣòƻҲ̫ϣֻǧҶѡ
Ǻǡŷҹһǧ꣬˵ȷϣǶ˵ǿ֡
ҲԣϺڱ֡
ǾͽϺˡŷҹѩ㲻Ĺ񣿡
壿˵Ǹ׹ŵ𣿡ϺתͷŷҹȥȻǣûиγԼȻָңҶ˵Ϊﵽ˻񾳣ǲγԼġ
Ŷŷҹ˿ѩôѩΪأ
ΪϺڵǺֵؿŷҹһۣƺԷ͸֪ô򵥵һھ˵ûʲôֿǰҲ֪ԴҿѪ֮󣬾Ϳ϶ҡ
ŷҹѩ
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ĦҮƵĵط˵ӦŹƵɽĿǰĹƾӦϺڲŶԡ
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ŷҹƤһ£¶ԭˡ
岢ûеõϺڵϿɣҲ˵ֻ֪һֻĺסɽﲻ
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ŷҹǸӦҲʲôֻ֮Ϊûа취ԿĦҮöԷԼ˼ɣŲѳ
ǲô˵ж˵õģϺ֪ˣ϶һѡ
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ǡҪĦҮǸʲôˣѩЩԥ˵
Ҳ֪ŷҹĦҮʵΪҳѪҺѩŮΪĿģȥ˺ҲǷǳһ¡
ǵʱ˵ĶԻ忴һֱˣѩС
ȻˣǺǣ㶼ѾҪѪҺˣΪʲôҪȥǸϼһԼŷҹЦ
ոһֱæţѩԼĸı䣬Լֻ̫ŷҹһ˿̡
ѩһæȥһ¾˹⻬ӣ´ϲ
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ŷ硭ѩ֪ŷҹΪ¶֪˶ٵ˼û뵽һ¾Ȼȫˡ
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ŷҹЦЦҲֻǵŵ⣬ϾȷǴӺܾ֮ǰѾŵˣִС
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֮ǰˣҲ׹ŵˣ˵ҲŵϢΪϺڸовںܶ඼ˣ滹ûģҲֻεҼ
ɼϺڶŵֻǸˣʲôɵһѡ
ãھȥﻹûֵһˡŷҹԴ˵
壬˵ʲôӣŷҹҲֻǵʱһ֮Եѣ˵ֻΪһ仰жϵĻδҲЩ̫ЩͬҲһƵˣҪȻҲͲĦҮ˵Ǹɽȥˡ
ĳ˵ⱾĹƣΪϺڸͲĹƣĦҮǸǸȦס
һͬžķȥԵͷŷҹѩվԼϣȻһ·ɳ۶ȥ
Ϻֻһͷ۷ʵĺԣûа취ȫڶ֮䣬ÿһεǰǾ޴ľ룬Ҷ·ĺûȫȥܣŷҹǵٶҲй֮޲
ŷҹվڿͷλãȵģһ𶯶ûУɼٶʵҲǺļޡ
˲Ĺ򣬾ѾܹԶĶŷҹں֮ʶɨȥȻ˻ڽ֮С
ĹѾûʲô˰ĦҮ˿ҲЩãɫԲ԰ףȻҲûϵôѲ
ûո׽ٵ𣿺Ǻǣе鷳˲Ŷ԰ɣ˵ţҲһƬġ
֮ûԼ֪Եո׽ٵȷǾˣǲ˵ھһʲôý
ֻҪоĶ֣ɽڼȥֻҪŶԷ׽ٶɵһһʱںʱ֣ųɾŵذܰ޸ɱ
ʵͷɽҲһģȻЩû˼Ҳÿڶɽٵһʱ򣬱ȻҲʵʱˣԺܶҲǸʱɱΪ֮һ档
Ǻǣɽٹˣڻܻܲǿɾ˵ˡĦҮȻҲ֪һ㡣
ͬҲΪ˭Ҳ˵׼ͷ᲻ڰ˶ɱ֮ȥɽٵģʱ㣬ȷǡ
ǺǣôҲȷɣ㵱ȻңѾɽٳԣȻܴﵽʵǹ˶ĹܸϹ͵ſԼЩµ³ɣЦ
ߣǿ˵׼ҪôаյĻ㻹ô˵𣿡ĦҮҲЦ
ڶûж֣Ϊ˵ϢҲЩոյһս˭ܡ
ĦҮŪĺڰѾѳ׹ŵĹ֮⣬Щ˲٣ҲΥŵѵѵ֪ͷڻͷ㻹ܵõʦԭ£
ҾԳһô׹ţҾͽйţЩڱ֪ǿ˶ٱپŴǹڵģҲֻһ˰ɣĦҮЦ


222 ˰ɣ
𣿾֪˵ֻҲֻʣһ˰ɣͬЦǵҲͬǵ˶࣬Ҳһ࣬
ߡŲ֪ĦҲŰɣĦҮЦЩա
ƤԵȻ֪ܶôһظ֣ʲôתҲûʲôȥˣֻܾһпܣȥɱĦҮ
𡭡
ŷҹʾ֮£ԴˣһСߣһ˵ľط˹
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ĺòѾ˰ɣĦҮŷҹһĻ̾ĸвϲ
ǰŷҹȥڻҵģĦóûȥ˺ڿĦûʾǷ˼ѾˡǺģŷҹģѾҪˡ
ǺģĦҮֻᵱʲôҲûзֻҪŷҹά֮ǰĺϵͺˣһѾӮˡ
ĦʵʩƻʱŷҹɱģֻǼװԼʲôҲ֪һжѵѾĦϡ
ֻܼԼļƻ
ŷֵܣһһɱˣѪҺˡĦҮŷҹ
ǺȣҲŷҹжԷҪĶʲôìܣ󶼵ȵǰ˽˵ҲװԼʲô֪һ
ǵȥ̫ʰɣŷҹҲɫ˵
ǺǣˣûбҪһʲôֻҪϼһˣž˵㣬ҪٵĳѪҺУĦҮ
ֻǺ֣ΪʲôֱӸǸĦõļһһ𣬰ɱˣȥ׽ʲôƣֵĻҲסɣŷҹʵ
ĦҮȻ֪Ħõ鲻ùŷҹʱҲûڣĦֵĻȷɱĹҲͬСɣһʱ⵽ǵĹ԰ֻгһһƺĻҲûаµİգս취һЩʱ䣬ֻҪκ˸ϻǾʤˡ
ŷҹҲ˶ԷĲãȻ㲻ȴʵá
֪Լһɱ˶ԷҲ׼岻ԾĦȥŹȻؼԼڻҡɱ˺Ҳ֪Ǳ߶ѾͻᰲĦҮ
ĦҮֻôҲû뵽ͲǺˣ֮ҲûԼԲиӦȻҲ֪ɽ﷢顣
ռƻĦûлɽĦҮϣһΣˣΪųҪٻҲٻ
һжܵĻᶼûˡ
ؼʱŷҹˣһĦøҲûܻĦҮΪҵľ޴ѵڻңôһļƻȫˡ
Ǳ߶Ǹ壬ʲô˵ûУŷҹʵ
ߣȻԵĺշҲûʲô˵ֻһ䣬ĦҮɲһ֮Ҫ򽻵Ļ϶ʱ޿̲㣬շĺԣһڣһŸġ˵
ŷֵܲҪĻƭˣĦҮ˵һȻ˵˻ѪҺһҪɱǣҲûֶΰɣŷֵܵΪҲټԣҸͲǵĶ֡ĦҮ̾ΪԼ粵š
˵ҲǣŷҹĦҮͷ
СֵܣǿɾǴشˣȻҾ˵ǵȴһԸңɼ˸һҲûУ㻹𣿡ҲϷԼ˵
ţҲеŷҹٴεͷ
ĦҮ嶼ҪѪĳ嶯㵽ı߶İ
ŷֵܣ֮ǰɶ˵˵ģѵҪڣǿɲҲʣ㲻ˣĦҮ˵
ôĦҮҲ˽ʲôɥˣҲ˵ʲô壿岻ʧʱؼ
˵еŷҹͷΪ˵ȷô֮ǰǸĦҲɽ͵ϮңȥڻңֻϧûеóѣôŵùأһҰ㣬ַͷɱңҲǺܳԿ
ŷҹ˵ͷһʱĦҮһΪҪϵһˡ
Ǳ߶ҲһϲֻҪŷҹܿĦҮĿһվԼһ߶ĦҮġ
岻֪ŷҹʵǴûĦõİҲ̫ǺԵˣһͷԾѾ㹻սֵõԵӰˣǿǾ۷ʵҪһЩ
ǵŷҹǾ仰һ˵˵ı̾һת˵˵ȥŷҹȻµòѪҺ
ԭĦҮʱҲСͰѳѪҺƿóŷҹһס
ŷֵܣӦ÷˰ɣҿǰѶѾˣ֣ҪҲ̫ܣӦ㹻ֳܱҵĳ˰ɣĦҮǺЦ۾ٿʱѾζ
Ҳû뵽ŷҹȻֻΪ˵õһƿѪҺô׵ĻĦҮȻŹôһǿİ֡
ŷֵܣҪֻǳѪҺĻĳҲһЩŬĦҮսթֻбƵķݶһƷҲΪѪҺʲôģŷֵҪ٣ֻҪõóȫŷֵܵġ
˵õǺΪѪҺʲô׿ˮŷֵܱģûгѪҺֻΪƭĺѣ˵սթԼҲúõȥɣȻҪװǣĦҮ̾ͷ༥
Ҳ֪Լûжȷǲȡŷҹֻһʱ֮䣬ȥĶóѪҺȥǶҲŰ
ҾǱ˵ĦҮҲԻ֮ϣϣζȲԷ
ţĦҮǱȽϳŵһˣҾվ߶ˡŷҹһԾӺ֮ȻվĦҮһ߶ȥ
ĦҮȻҲŽģǴʱҲñֵ̫ԣһ߶ȴѾˡ
ĦҮ֮Ϊ࣬ҪȶԷһߣһͨĹߣлߣһ֪ŷҹ˵ʵһ㣬ֵʱֵΧǱɡ
壬Ѿ֪ǵĲ˰ɣԼ˶ϰɣͬһҸᣬʡһҵĹʬ嶼ԵǿɾһˣҲô֡ĦҮЦ
˵ôʲôְɣŷҹ˵ѾһԾϡ
һп࣬ΪŷҹæҲԱ߶ܣû뵽ԷȻһҪɱ
Ѿǿ֮ĩĶٸŷҹӲƴɫҪѿжѿ


223 ĺ
ŷҹҲеؽȻû֮ǰĽ֮ǽȴ죬Ǵ󿪴ϣƵֻм֮ûл֮
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֮ǰĺôΪ£ҪɱһΣĦҮȴֺˡ
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ǺǣЩ˵ɣ㻹Ȱǰɣŷҹ߹Ц˵ɼûгȫ
ǰΪ廹л·𣿼ȻԼ˶ϣǾɡĦҮһЦ
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֮䣬ͻȻŷҹЦ죬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôشһ
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ͷûлأһƻ󣬶Ҳ˿ûҪԷԿ˼ֱһݳһ˵ķߡ
һпǡôʱ⵽˹ŷҹһʧˣȻ֪ǲһﵷùǿЦݣȻҪһ
ֻϧȻȫĶȴ죬ɽصѹʱӡĦҮıϡ
ոһƣȻҲ˶֣Ǿһȭ޻һȫûĸо
ۡ
ĦҮ֪ʲôѾѪȻѹɡ
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¼޲٣ﻯɺԵģҲͼһͷɡ
㡭ĦҮǻŭŷҹӡ
ôңǺǣҵȷվһ߶İ㿴ҸղŲѾ𣿡ŷҹ޹̯̯֡
ʱѾͣ屾Ѿŷҹûٶֵ˼Ҳ֪Էʲô㣬ֻƴػָԼ
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ŷҹȷûгɱȴԼȥԻԼԼΪڰæȻú͵Ϯ
ʲôǿ൱ھ۷ĸ֣ŷҹڳ˶ǿǸŷҹԼɱʲô
ĦҮԣŷҹҲ˶Է˼ٴҡҡͷˣԿɲµվһûǺԲҵģҿɹܲλŮ
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⣬ȻĻŷҹͶÿÿԼƱˣû뵽һȴ˱˵ĵ
ʴˣʺԣôŷҹѵ
ĦҮ޵ҧгݣȴŷҹһ취ҲûС
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ߣ壿֮ǰЩҾסɽɣϺͻȻڣһʵ
Ӳһ£ҲǳΣЩĦҮԽԽ࣬ڵʦҲɱǵӵʵ̫ûа취ԿԲôһ⣬ܺǰ𷣣
Ȼںܹ˵һо֣⣬ҲûȥУֱ
ŷҹģϺڵǿǲκˣ֪Լֻôһŵ֪ڱ׷ɱ϶Ǹйϵˡ
ڽ㣬Ҳ̫ˣҿҲ㻵鵹ҲֱͷŹɡѩͻȻ˵
ŷҹ۽Ƕ˶һͷԺڽ㣬ôôŤأ
һͷ޴ĺԣֳŮ˲еҲͬǼ˺Ƶһ¶
Ϊ飬Ȼ˵ҵĺӣҾˡ㣬ǻԵɺϣҾȻˣŵõ˻ԵĻģΪԸҾһΣ´ٸʲôһ壬ԲŹ㣡Ϻŭ˵
лǰлʥŮξȻֱӾ͹°ˡ
ʥŮŷҹѩǲ
ȻҪ׹𣿹ҿǳ˰ɣѾ˵ĦҮڵϲܶȴǴЦŵޣѾΪ˱˵裬ҪˣĻ˼ҲŰɣ˶˵ĦҮĻأҵƻҪ
ĦҮʱһӶԹε飬ȷơ
֪ԭͷͲĹֻǷ˶ѡ
ֻһӷ˺֮󣬾һֱڲ֣Ϣ͸¶ԼԼ֪һͷĹѪ
ֻҪʱգͷٴͻƣĦҮֵܾҲĶ֣ǲŻżҪ֮λĽڣ
֪֣ǿ϶Ƕ֣Ѿֳ˶ƺͶ֣Ϊܳûɵ
˭֪⾹ȻһȦףҲġ
֪ԼĦҮĶ֣ԵػöԷѡ־ķʽȻĻĦҮһᶼУϾĦҮЩǼ˺ܶ˵
ȴΪԼ̫عأûзչԼ
ĦҮĻ֮Ҳ΢΢ط죬ȷǴ뷨һúΪ˵ˣýź룬Ҳ֪Է϶ŷǷ֮ˡ
Զ׹˵ŷͬһ壬պҪţܵõԵɻ˳öࡣ
еĹؼ˵̾ԵȽһ
˻࣬Ȼ˵òʱ̫ŷҹʱȴˣҿ˾ͽɣϾͬʦֵܣһõĹޣ
šѩҲ˵ͷ
ΪԵԭѩĵλƺҲһˣǰǱŮһ
ĦҮһˣǸ飿ɣ۴ķ˵嶼Ź
Ȼһ¶˾Ȩ˿ԥ˫Ǯ
ŷҹȵ
ꡭĦҮɫһƬࡣ
뵽Էɱû뵽徹ȻŴĹϹû뵽ԼȻܳΪһԱ

Ҳ֪һɱ֮궼ûˣòһᶼС
Ȼ̶ֳȵĹߣǲҲܰ걣廹ѡַʽɼԼˡ


224 ǻģ
һɫâзѸٵؾͳĦҮӿȥ漴ĦҮĲҽ
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ŵֶΣвٱġŷҹͷֻŵĵ̫ˡ
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ôĦҮѾˣǻģҪһǾһǹڵڵҲǱ·жദ𣬿ɽҲû˺
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ѩܣѩԼޣȴڵԱ˵˵ܣñ˼ãŷҹֻѩ
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ߣ֪ٴʲô⣬Ȼѩ˵ʲô㶼ɣŷҹ˵
ǣһһΪ룬ҲĴġԼæ
ŷ磬ڽҲģ˵ǿҲǻˡѩæ顣
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˵Ǻˣ˭ܱ֤ʲô£ֻһʱͿ˵һ֮ѩܸģĴۡ
ִֿܣŷҹ֣۶Է˭ҶѩƵˣӲŭɱ
ŷϢŭ֪ΪʲôŭʵᡣæǰͣʵŵĴ֮УѾȷ˵ŵʥȻǷ˾ʥŮΪģֻʥŮתʥĲ࣬˵Ǽ٣Ժļضǹ֪ˣضǾʥŮλѩǰǾ˵ʲôܣ֪ǰΪʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ˣǰҲô룬ŻϢ˵
Դ˿ֻǵͷҲȥκεı⣬ȥΪ


225 Ʒ
ԭŷҲˣѩæҡŷҹĸ첲Բ
ţŷҹѩֱתͷȴԣ֪ˣ
ǣ֪ˣԴֻ֪ˣûκεĹϸ𡣡Ȼ֪ŷҹ˼
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ŵ𣿡ŷҹֻЦһԣһ˭ģ
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֮еɱʥŮҪöࡣŷҹȻ˵ֻʥŮΪŵƷ˰ɣ
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ЩûתʥľĹʲô
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ŷҹҲ̫ЩҲǳé®֪Сӣֻһ룬ܲµܶ顣
岻ȥЩɺƶ飬Կ֮Ǻܿصģ˵ûԼĴڣѾѩİΣ˺ˡЩŭԭ
ʥŮҲˣȻţ͸Ϊ룬ƷҲΪ٣һ˵
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仰˵ŷҹһļһûʸָֻš
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ɵˣһԵ嶼ɵˡ
˵ĽѾ¯ĵز𺳵š
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ҲҿҸղžѾɱŷҹ˶ԷһۣҵĽȻɱˣǱΪóѪ
⻰˵ٺһ£ԷĽȻóѪģͿոһкѸ̶ֳȣҪ˵ŷҹɱˣɵӶš
лŷŷţЩ鶼⣬֪ŷԸԸ⿼һ£Ŭ
²˵ˣĿǰԵʲôûʲôȤŷҹֱӾܾ
ʵոպǰ˵Ҳ޵ϾѰĵر£ԶԶһҪöࡣ廹ǲ̫ģ˵ţǰʱ˵ڹϣͳֹȪҶЩڷǹɵ˵һ㶼ѵõϢΪûɵɢޣѵõ볡ȯ
ŶεĻŷҹһ£ȻѾõ˾޲ݣǻȪҶҲʲô׵õĶ
ֻһһҲҲпܵġ
ѩѪѪҺѹ֮ٴϼ꣬ǼʱҲһζ˭Ҳұ֤⼸ܲһҵĵر
˵һ;ȥǹר;ŷҹ˵ȻӴ
źʥŮ飬ŷԾȥǣȻԸ⣬Ҳһȡõ볡ȯŷһܷġ忴һѩֲѩǰԷģٴԲᴫȥһϢ
šŷҹͷӡǺࡣ


226 
ŹǣŷҹĻ϶õŷҹϿɣ忴úסŷҹˣЮƣֻҪԳȴһԿŵùѡ
һ壬רΪʾϢõġ忴ŷҹͷ԰һ£ŷҹŭˣɲʲô£ҶԷϾԼľˣȥǶԷЩ壬ѩǰľȻǺ׷֣׹ŹˣѪżǿĸӦֻҪ壬κˣǿ߶ûа취ٷ־Ϣˡ
ŶŷҹǺܸȤؽ˹һ֮µҲȷˣֵȷϢõıڴ徳ģͨߣ֮ҲֱڸԼΪϢڵĹӦҲǱˣǾͶл㣬ⶫպỹһھ͵ҽˡ
ƽĶŷҹֱۣܱѩȫĶŷҹȻŹ
ŷ˵ﻰǶо֮ЩȻãǲǼʱϵƷĦҮĻµһûˣ̸ʲô̾;ܾʾ͵ġ
ŷҹҲûпְݸѩϡ
ĩˣĿȴתصǵϡ
ŷģһһŮай¶ȥһִǣ̾ŷҹ˼
ȥɢϢĻʲô嶼סϢĴʱ½֪ҲһС
ǰлתͷŶһ
ʱѾ֪ԼŷҹĲ࣬Ҳ֪׼£ŷҹֻΪѩͺԶѡ
Ȼ¹ԸǲòŸ׵ķԸͷ¹ȥ
ˣŷҹһεľǷסûȥҲʲô£ҲˣҲȻ˵аɴҲʲô캦飬˼ԼӦŻñ֣ղŵ˼ŸʤͷһЩΪԾӦóΪޣӦţΪɾһţǾĸɱˣӦɱ
ǡȻЩƣҲֻܵͷϴˡ
ȻʥǾӦ̵Ķֻ;ά֣ŵҲǱȻˡҲŷҹѵ
ףҡ֪ˡǵ΢ƺ֪ˡ
ŵҲ֪ҲǴǰʥŮԸǱȣѩֻңκ˸Ҷа顣ŷҹ˵
ѩʱߵŷҹߣסֱۣƺӦͶԷĻ
ѩ㣬ŷ磬ʵҲûжġһһֱĬʱҲ˵ʵһֱǸˣֻǲ뿴ô࣬һֱ˥ȥŻЩе޻صţĻǶһʱ嶯˵ڵģǧ档
ˣʹ˽ҹʣ¾ԼˣһοҪѩѰҩģû뵽˺ԣγҲﵽĿģǾʹ˸ˡŷҹԷ˹֡
ȻЩʧŷҹȻѾ˾Ҳûа취ٶ˵ʲôֻҲԷ
ʱȴֿˣѩ㣬ҪôѺǰȥ
һҲŷҹˣɲôмɳһûдŻƶûа취ߡ
ҪǴôһͷǵȥ𳵷ɻǲѴƬ˶Ź֡
һʱ䣬ŷҹҲͷˣ⻹˸ˡ
ҿ⣬ѩͺסһʱɣһסͲءѩͻҪСһҲʮֿɰӡ
˵֮ѾѩԱߣʮǵرѩĸ첲ѩҲֺø
ŴһʥŮרΪ˾ʥŮ׼֮أھѹѪ°빦ЧѩǰκŵӶԽǸطΰȫĵطѩǰԵȥҿ԰ȥѩǰ顣һ۹˸˵
Ŷĵطôһ˵ŷҹҲҲĶˣϾѹƾĳұ˵ô棬ǿӦǴӹʱġ
ǣЩֻڵĴ˲Żõܣ˵׹źֻ׻ڵõĴжһЩֻΪ׷ڷǵˡ˵̾Ϣһ¡
Ҳޡŷҹ˵еʱҲ̾Ϣһ£úһɣȻ䵽̶ֳȣԼı̶߳ҲҪһƴˣ뵽ȻеͬĸоҿĦҮΪϲ࣬͹϶Ȳ϶Էɣ⼸пˣҰ첽㣬⻹а벿Ŀħ룬ģ˵ɣòħҲѧšǵġ
ŷҹɵˡ
첽ⲻֻĦҮŵõܴУ˵ĦҮΪ±ͬҲѧᣬͰ첽Ÿٵˣ֮䣬ӦֻɣħǺѾʧǧꡭħ롭ôһʱоǰôǰλŵһ
ŶЩȻһɱ㣬һһ첽Ľ߿һģǸĦҮֻðѽǶϹһ·ŷҹ˵
岻һЦĦҮһ첽Ϲемܲסǲ˵ԼǺֵܺ
ȵȣ첽Ľѵǡ
Ѿſˣǡ
ôŵؿҸѧϺڳ˰ŷҹ£ʧ̬
ո˵ʲôţŬѹż飬һ˫ֶڲûˡ
Ҳôһʲô񽣵ġŷҹĥ˵
ͨ
ֱһˤˡ
ǰǼ񽣰弤üֱ˵ˡ
׾Ȼӣæǰȥȴ嵲ס
죬һݼţ˵Ѿ֣صشӻͳһָ˫ŷҹݹȥ
ʲôŷҹû뵽Լ˵һ׽ֻ֣ΪΪԷṩһı꣬Ȼôһ
ѵ˶ɻعŹŷҹţ첽ͿħȻǶ˵Ƕ޹ؽҪĶŵĵ伮֮мأֻм񽣣ʼ洴Ͻ˵׹Ѿֻǽŵĺܶ๦Ǵ׽֮ݱ񽣿˵ŵĸǡǡ
˵ŵĴиˣŷҹֵ̫ʵ
ȷޱʹĵ˵ǰʱ򣬵伮мصģѾֻʣʽ񽣵ĽٺŰ֮ǰ񽣳׵ʧ׽ŶԵ״¼ûУԸûа취ȥָУ֮䵽ڵĵز׷ȫܶ˶ҲΪѾˣҲ񲻻ԭ򣬲߽;


227 
ȱ̫ˣֻǿ׽ҲķŵĶҲֻ֪һƤëҪʲôоǿ̸ϡŷҹҪ˭϶Էǲ
ֻǽʽҲãôܰѼ񽣴ţŵˣκ˶ûа취ִŵؾָ
˵ʵǽŵĴˣŹŵΣʵûа취ٵˣŷҹû취ֻðԼ˵
ţӾˣǲǾ˵ǧǰѾ𣿡
еһЩԵɣһʱҲ˵ֻҪ֪û𣬵Ҳֻܿˣûа취ָŷҹ͵
Ÿ֮䣬˵ҲЩԨԴֻǶǺ󱲣ҲͲ֪ʱʲôǼȻлԨԴҲûеġ뾡һеذ취ŽҾֱҵҲǲ԰
ǺǡŷҹЦˣû˵һ˵˵İ㵱ţһѼ񽣴㣬αһҪճأ
ǲһ֣صѾʵҪؽȻҪ㹻ʵȻǾ죬ΪɵűҪһЩ׷еĶʧѾŵò˵ϿˣŷѼ񽣴ңһʱ֮Ҳûа취еİҪؽţḶ́ʵŷţȻҪǰѩǰܽţյųβ˵ģŷܳȫŰл
˵嵱ǸͷŷҹæסҲɵԥ
˵Ǻʹ죬׵ظҪ˵ĹֱҲӮĺøУǲ󣬿ɼ˶ڹŵԸԼҪС
һŷҹҲ˼ȥܾˡΪŵĹϵӦҲô֮Ĺϵ
ϾԼǰǴӦʦҪŵġڽŶû䣬Լһתţţô¶
ҲӦ㣬ֻҲ˵ˣǽŵţʵûа취ٽŵ֮λҾ䳤һĽɫһŵʵ֮һᱻ˵ʲôҽŵĳŵҲûѣ㿴ôŷҹһ˵
ԥһ£ջǵͷŷҹѾòˣٱȥԵԼеϡ
䳤ϵͷ̫С̫Ͽ䳤ϡһԵСѾͷ˵
˵öԣѩǰʥŮǰޣŷôóΪ̫Ͽ䳤ϣͬص˵ͷ
ŷҹҲֻͬ⣬ֻҪʲôģľǽȥɣҲԼʲô¶
ŷҹڲٷԣҲ˵ذָ˹̫ϳϰָɡ
Ϊʲôңֲţŷҹͷ졣
ָǱҪĶȻҪʵǿߵܣڡȻذԼľŷҹ֮󣬡ֻ̫ϳϵʵǿҲߵģû֮ǰȻ̫ϳϱܡ
Уǿ䣬ʲôǸӵģŷҹֶָܽһʱ𣿡
û취Ҳֻ̫ϳŵʵ̫ϳϾίһ£ϾŵйƤ˵һԭĺӶûˡ
ܿԣǲʲô׶ˣҿɾͷˡŷҹӹָв
ǣĶҸ̫ϳ׶庩Цţ̫ϳϾĿǰҪôչΪã
Ҳңǵ¶ֻһ׼񽣣ĸ޹أ㰮ôչôչŷҹչϼһԽԽôˡ
̫ϳָû֮ǰ϶ҪʹȨİҸЩǣȻҪָӵġ˵ѾŷҹҧгݣŵҲû˵ȥ
㻹˵ҵǰɣŷҹʵ
ǰӦί˵
˵ò˵ǲǶŷҹʵ
ǵȻ̫ϳϵĻҲӣοûţ̫ϳϵĻ֮һϲ
ãھΪţָһţңǻŷҹٺЦ˼ָָ˳
壺
˵ҲͱҴֵˣܱܲôôȥ˼𣿡ŷҹѵ
ؿЦţ˵Ǵˣô˵Һ˼
˵ʵҲе˼ոյȷŷҹƵ̫ˣСҪǲ͹ˡ
֪Ķ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ҿǲܡ̹Ȼسϡ
ͷڲ̫ļ˰Ҫǲôļ˵лᣬǲܰǲܡ
ͶˣŰҵŵ飬ҪȥŬҰѵʹʲô£ŷҹƲƲ
ҲøɣȻΪУǶɵĹôУڼʦֵǴЩģһ˶ţʵЩѣһеĻҲͲԸ鷳̫ϳˡ忴ƲУʼϷˡ
⺩ıԣټϱҲЩʵ飬ŷҹһ¡
ŷ磬ͰǰɡѩʱҲվһ߶
ȻǻûʲôøУһҲ֪˵ЩʲôĻȻͱʶһ
ŷҹһѩҲ̫ױ߷ˣڵӣҲȷе
뵽ŷҹͻȻޣ˵˼ҲأԼĽ˼ҵĵӶûУҵŶ԰ôԼҪȥȣ
źôҲвٵĵӣʲô˵ǸʥŮǱɶûеİɣŷҹ˵
ʥŮ˵ﺹһ£Ȼ֪ǵطĶҲûнȥ֪ʲôˡ
ŷҹһŶҿԼһ䣬ҪȻϡͿѩһΣ֮أǿɾˡ
ҲҹģʵѵʥŮ⣬еӲý룬ûʥŮԡҲЩΣȻΪԼոŵͻо˲ס
ոյʱҿɻûдӦѩʲôʥŮءŷҹ˵
ҾʥŮȻ񣬿϶ʲôʥŮĵطֻҪѩǰȥˣ϶ᱻǵط˵ˣʲôֱӸ˵˳
ŷҹ̾˿㵹ʵ
ȷʵˣƶŷҹأˣЩеûģŷҹһ仰ˣֻһ߶ȥԻ緢ıԣʵʵ˵ŷҹѩ˴֮ġ
ѩô˵ҲûʲôУŷҹһҲ˺ʵĶӾԲһ
ŷҹĽ֮£һ˾ȸȥʥŮȥʺѩͺԴĻŷҹܷİʱȻĻҪ취


228 Źֵĵط
ʥŮɽ֮У˴źԣûа취ϴ·ֻɽﴩУһ߾졣
һ·ĺôǣѩĹϵøѩԸദģټСѾͷҲܿɰֺѩȻ˲ʲôˡ
͸죬ѩǵĳɼҲһЩСѾͷһٱ֤ԲʲôˣеССľƢʱŷҹڵ̫ϳ̫ˣҪѹԷһͷͳ嶯ˡ
ôѩǿɣҪ˵ȥҲϤǲ̫ˡ
̫ϳϣʥŮɽһʱǾҪˡָǰɽͷ˵
ŷҹüͷ̧ۿģⷽԲһɽ
ɽҲûʲôֻɽ͸նȴһûо
ѾƷڶҪɶԷǲҪʲôȦȥˡ
ȷҵʥŮʱеö˵һģһȷɾˡͷ˵
߰ɣطʲôŹ֣ŷҹҲֻܵ˵ط˵
ֻǿһûе״ŷҹѾôˡ
һûеĵط󲻳ܶԾʲôôûʲôȡ֮
ʱ֮󣬼ѾֻɽֱһƬʯưľ
ŷҹǲŷĲʶ֮ͻư֮ȻҲٴˣѰķʶɨ֮£ȫûĿܡ
ȻһæµŵãⷨʦֵһµģҪƽ⣬һ˵Ȼ֪ؼҲȻ鷳
ܼ򵥵һ飬Ϊһ˵ǲܺ׵شﵽĿֻ꣬İ취һˡ
ʲôŷҹԷæ˰Сʱˣﲻͣæµš
ʯѷһȱڣǲܽСһĿ顣
ֵܣֻʣһͨ󷨵ģΪˡ
뵱Ϊñ˷ֲˣʦ˵ѷ󲼵һһ˵Ͳܷзڿɺãû뵽һסľԼ
ʱ꣬벻ǣʦֶȺĦҮУڱ˳ҲһƬҵһꡣ
ʯȱڣŷҹҲˣڶԷĴֱʡ
ʯ֮ǰ˼飬һһսʱΪ˾ԣһȫˡ徹Ȼݳ޵ʯȥôһСŷҹ۵ҪѪ
ʯĶŷҹʵ
һҪʮ˿飬ڡ˵һڼ㲼ʯλá
ʮ˿ʯңŷҹֱ֡
ŶҲûж룬ֱӰʯŵ˶Էϡ
ΪŷҹҪȥʯ˭֪Էõ֮̾һһ֣ȫװ˽ָ
ǸһЩ֪˵ʲôˣϵʯò࣬ŷҹˣôˡ
ʲôǸģʯŵǰɣǲʯңҴ󣬰Щܼӡŷҹץ̾Ϣһ
⽣Ӱؽѽͬʱŷҹ˦˳ȥֻΧһζ׷״
ؽΪûнȻҲһЧȴձһأ׼ŷҹӵǰһˣ۵Ĺؼλϡ
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Ȼʲôש߸ǳɵķӣǱʱΧȴǱǿҵƶ޴
ŷҹջε񽣣һڣ߷ֿʱһƬ̳ŴΧɢȥˡ
ǰһƹϵĶֳͥʯ֮дһʥ֣ŮȴѾģɱ棬ǺʣŵʥŮˡ
ߣȥȥһ˾ſʯҪʮ˿飬ңŷҹԼԹ
ȴѾǰˣ˲ڷ󣬾Ȼô׾ˣ
ǿķΪǿǿֶΡ
ǰƺǿŸ̾Ŷڿдת
ǵ̫ϳϰǿֶΰж棬ôǿֶΡΪʲôڰСʱ֮ǰó
ԼίøСϱһˣԼСʱûĶ˼¸㶨
ʮ˿ʯ
ʯҪģ̫ϳϲ֣ԼҲ̫ϳϵʵǿǾԵĺ¡һ·ô߶ŰοԼǰίѹȥˡ
ʯͷѾ֪жûнˣûʲô伮ع浽ʲô
ʯһ̣ŷҹЩ
ǰ˰죬ֻػعͷ
ӣһαˣʥŮǰǷˣǽš
ѵзأŷҹҲˣǾظְƸŶƲ
ⶴƺֻ˲ܴÿʵˣͱҲвͬġʱں˵
Ŷһͨ죬ǳʶ
ʥŮ˵˳ʥŮɣ˶ȥȻֻʥŮܿˡ
ѩҲǰȥСذʯϣУʯкһžͻߴ򿪣ɵú򿪼̨һ
ȻŷҹҲ̾һ
ֻؾȻܰ˵ϸ£ƾ𣬾ܰһĸָ棬ŷҹ¾ٸһЩʵˣҲܺ׾ͽ
Ҳõ弸˷˶ֻ֮÷ҪǲعȥĻµʱͱˡ
һȥɣҶһʲôԣһʱ󳷡ŷҹԸϾⶴѾ֪궼ûд򿪹ˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʣǰ棬ѩߣ󣡡
ԵʵӹɣŷҹҲᱻ˦֣۷ʵ֮һͲһЩȻΪŷҹߣٶȶŷҹسڵı̬ͲøԶˣֻܸűա
һϵвöյģЩһ̤֮̾͸оЩǶģոûаΣյϢ
˶֮󣬼˵ֻһ֮䣬ѾǰĶȴһɽһ޴ɽȡ
ĻݺľһּݴǺ׷ףֻǴΪʱû˾סһЩҡ
ֻȴһӰɽȵʣ͸żԴĸо
˵ЩεĻɽŸҩҩֱŷҹŨĵطɽҲȲټʺ
һŰϪˮԱ߾ʹջԶһƬ̶Ҫһȴˮñ
ˮȵ˵һ


229 ηľ
طǱǰ˲˼ľ鷨ΪǰѷԲʮɽۼŷҹһۻ˵Ѿˣﲢʲôԣĵط෴ֱǸѷĳɽǱɵɽҲҪǿ˼֣һþѸ˹Ż־档
ͷĹ۵һģоĻôƾճһôɽأ
ԣܶطԣƫƫѡҪµز·󣬲֪ûʲô˼Щɲֻ
ʥŮרʥŮסĵطֻΪĻﶼһģαһҪһĵطأ
ΪȪŷҹָһ´Ϫˮȥڣʵȥ̹ǣȪˮµòĻһĳֵصɵģԲŻЧ
ʲô𣿡ɻʡ
ͱŷҹ࣬ڸоڼʶϣԷҪ˼ΣΪʵֻģ֮ǰҪԷһţ뻹Щȱ۶Ĵη
ΪѪ֮ص׵һΪȴˮĻƽڵƽ⣬ʹѪѹһЩʱ䡣ŷҹԼ²⣬Ӧоųɵİյġ
طҲʺҵҲ̰ؿǵϪˮγɵĺ̶
ŷҹͷͨ˵Ҳܳ㣬̶ȴֻգˣֻкûκκôӦþʥŮԭˡ
ҲһʯͷأĵľҵʥŮ֮ȴʺˣŷҹ϶ҪѩҲߡ
ȻѾӦҪŵ̫ϳϣûѩͺЩĵӡ
ڿŷҹ⣬Ȼͷ
ʥŮסأǰӦûнõľסأһȥʰһ£ҲʥŮסƽʱʥŮҪƵĻš˵
ʥŮأǿ϶̫ʺٳ㣬ҲڸʥŮͬסŷҹû˵ҲŵĹزġ
ĻһܺõĻᣬϾôɶһЩĹɽһ㶼Ǳɷӡ˵ġ
ŵڣѾû֮أȻϽܴ֮Ҳ٣ʺɸ֮أȴѾûˡ
ҲãǾһȥɡŷҹûʧͷӦ
һ·ǰУƬɽȵȷǺܴ󣬺û߶ԶѾʥŮľҲͬǾʯȥƴ󣬷͸ЩӺ֮
֮󣬼˿ҲЩƽõδ֮࣬ûжĶһжª޻˵
һҸǳȥٸһ£ʥŮί忴ҲЩ̫ںˡ
ʥŮôģһѩӡ
ŷҹûЩ˶ֻ棬Ȼһ־޴ԡأˮͬǻˮ룬Ǵĺ̶ġ
⵹һð취ѩľĻӦûһЩѹƵʱģһᾡҵȪҶģʱ򣬻һǧľʥŷҹǰǶѩ˵ģһ仰ȴ˵ġ
Ҳһ󼤶Ҳ֪;ʥ֮䣬ൽж
ȻʥŮ֮µһˣһԣʥŮûжٵĻȨģһתΪʥ˵ܸŲҲһΪǱϣҪŸӿֲ
ϾܳɾʥģǿɲǧһǼֱѰʥѳɣһˣֲǱҲ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
̫ϳϷģܷɾ;ʥŶᾡչʥŮʥŮܵί̱̬
ı⣬ҲΪ˱ʾΪɲʥСѩ
ˣʥѩһܳɡŷҹȴᶨصΪڣ
ѩЦЦֻסԷֱۡ
ѩЦݣҲЩĽһҲԼһҸ顣
ΪڣȻֻ֣Ѿ˺ܶ࣡
Ҳ֪Լʧԣ˵ѩʥŮǳɲʥûйϵᾡԼȫչ˶ԷǴŷҹĽǶ˵ѩȴǾֵܷŮˣʥζŷҹŻ˵һܳɣ
ҩҲ٣Ҵſһ£Բӣ㣬Ѿǧ궼û治ٶǧݵҩģǲףҪչµһǮȱˣʱҩȡһ֣ɵҩ֮󣬿ܲüǮŷҹһתʼ˵ŵķչ⡣
ϻҩ循ϲ
漴ЩգʵҩƣóģϧʦֶˣһͨһͨƫƫʲôҲֻ֪ͷԼЩ
ǻһЩֻϧ˵ҩҲһҵʵŷҹü
ϴ赤ĶŵϣĳһüǮΪҩĶͨ˶ãҩĶǧҩͨõĵҩ
ŷҹӳˣŻôѡɣῪһӵȥͷͿ
ϷģεĹᣬһռһϯ֮أͨ˵ȻҲòЩҩǹȴֻ֮ͣҪ˹ϣһжܽˡתͷѩʥŮҩпܳϣһã
Ŷŷҹ˵ˣỹж೤ʱſʼ
һΣһΣ¡̻ظ
ţҩⷽ浹Ҳطŵֻ̫࣬ҪŽɽҲͲˡŷҹ̾ǿ
˵ﲻˣڰ˼ҳıߣҪԼҩ
иҪĳһֱĦҮڰѳţĳԱҲǹڵĹߣǾĴţŶ߰صĸ֣ϾЩ˸δãʵ
ŷҹˣҲҪңҿɲ֪
ܲɶ¶ԼܰɣǸŻʲô
ǺǣҲò׼⣬ôЩҲǸ֣ҪǷǣֻǻ˵طһЩǵ˵
ŷҹѾ̹ˣʱﻹĦҮĹϽѾЩ޷ˣûһͷˣһȺ治֪ҳʲôӡ
ǰȻǳưԣǺôѹסһ˷ѣǾҪˡ
Щ˶յ£ŷҹʵ
ģϾЩ˵ԶѾҰˣǰһǱʲôѡ


230 ﲻ㣡
Ҳﲻ㣡ŷҹͬĶԷ
Լ黹أ춼ΪЩëƤȥġ
ͻȪҶ֪ҪѶҵŷҹĶȥЩС졣
˵Ҫóϳֻ֣볤ϸ⣬Ҳû취ȡˣҪ̳ϡ̾˿ԼȷһŵĺѡЩһòĸоЩ˷ξͻΪһĶŵϾǶǳԱţҪһȫɱˡ
룬˵ܲһ֮Ĺ֣ܣµȥ
˵ڱȱ˵ʱȴҪѾذصĸ֣͵ô˵һ޴˷Ѱ
Ǻǣһظȥ˭Ҳ˵һ仰κвͬһɱ˭еڶŷҹҲȷΪѣֻٿˡ
᲻̫ˣұƵЩ˷Ҳܹ鵽廹ǾЩס
㵱ȻҪ·ˣһߣֻҪǮܻкܶķҪٽһֻиһɲУôǿĵ̣óһЩӦùǳԲˣֻЩǹҪġŷҹ˵
ﻹʲộ峤̾һ
ǰҲʧʧɢɢˣھһЩҲЩƪ𲻵ʲôá
˵һЩҲһֱЩԴһЩ˰ɣ
û취ˣҲֻЩҩˣŷҹҲûа취ſΨһܳƵģЩǧҩһĸɶܰҩһֱǧ껹ժ
ҲһЩɣټǧ궼ûнʥŮˡ
ԻҪ̫ϳϣǺЦ
ǺǣԭءŷҹЦ˼ǻҪҩ뷨ҿɲﵱһҩʦЩⶼҪԼȥͻƻ磬ȥѧҩɣ㻹һЩֵ伮ģŵҩһѧ
ҵȷû츳Ϊѡ
û츳ͿŬٲҿѾͷеҩҲпܣŷҹٴν
ֻõͷе鶼иŷҹ뷨Ȼǲ̫ʵ
İЩ˶ҲҪҵɣƽɶԼĲҵЩֻǳ԰ʳҲ綼ң㻹ҪЩı·ŷҹ˵
ǳ춼ֻɱɱܸɸʲôҲǷ⡣
Ǻǣ˭˵ɱɱͲܸ¶ˣŷҹЦ㿴ƾĳԱҲǴɱɱô˼ҿǹһһһĲš
ǽƾǰһҪĻЩ˾ƾȥƾĻȥܣŲʡ˴¶
ŷҹûذ뷨ˣŵģʱҸǮţ˿ţһȺôعصļһôģ
Ҳеˣȷ̫뻯ˣסĶǸô
治֪ôڵģŷҹɵ̾Щֻһʱ䣬ǵӣǶأһЩӪ
ģƺɱ֣˵һԼеĴ𰸣ֻ뵽Щˡ
ţû뵽ŷҹĵͷˣ׹ŵɱѾɱ˺üˡ
ˣȻǹڵĵӣŷҹҲ˵ˣǵײʲôʵ顣
Ҳ֪ˣŷҹЩȥɱֵģǵҪЩڰ˵ΣջҪӴˡ
ҵ֮ǰЩ˿ѵɱҲŷҹ
ڣһ£뷨ǺܿУЩ˵û⣬ֻҪԼӹһ£ЩܱڣǱЩ˾Ҫ׵öࡣ
Щȥˣ⼸￴ʲôҩĸʺȥЩ飬С¡ŷҹ˵
úáҲȫȻ֮Ȼ֪ҪôһҲȻȫŷҹȥ죬ϾȥæɣЩ¶
ŷҹͷҲʼ˰ͻĵһ
ڣѾ淵أ˴Ʒȱ֮
Ȼ˾ٴγʥŮҲһȥ
һȻ֪ŷҹѩĹϵҲҪع磬ŷҹ֮ǰҲûй
һεϽ֮УŷҹҲǴĿ֮꣬ǰһ绰֮ʱûٹ飬һֻڹŰص磬ҲʥŮѰŸʺϵҩġ
ЩҩĴ඼㲻󣬵ǹݹãǧݣֶǸͨģҲ˱ˡ
ŷҹ˼겢̫ϡеҩģ׼ʱ򣬴ȥȻҲԤ˸ĶֻҩҲûԼƶľת껨
ȪҶƾƶĵرҲĻ
ʥŮȴ죬ŷҹڴ˳ľҲȵͣ˰سڡҲΪͻʱ֮ܵԭͷ׵ĳ̶ȾȻתţҲζҲӡ
ѩΪǺ̶ˮĸñ˳Ŷ̶̼죬Ѿڣٶȱŷҹй֮޲֮Щ仯ϲ顣
ŷ磬ҪСһ㣬Ǹί˿϶ȥ鷳ġѩȻŷҹߣҲ֪̫࣬һֱʥŮԴӡ
İɣǸһնһֱۣٳҵǰҲлģŷҹȻ
ոһʥŮǻûŷҹ˵ŷҹֻѾ
ٿʱȻʮϢʥŮֻûźţԷŻѡ˶š
֪ŷҹ绰˲࣬ߵļ˶ѣ̰Ѽ¼򿪷
ŷҹһ£˵ܼµĻӦŷٻŶԣǲܹ˾һ̯ӵġ
һתѾ֪ܼҿ϶ǳ⣬ұȻŷٻǽ˵⡣
ŴһȻϣŵܼҵ־֮˼УΪܵ׹Ϊջصȥޣ·ϱİ˵һָ֮󣬾ȻͻԹȥܼ֪Ĵҳһ
ĺڣֻһֱڳ˯֮У˭ûа취ѣֲ˵һ
֪һε϶ǸйأѾܿˣ̾ʹ绰ϵŷҹŷҹȴǡɵؽʥŮֻûźţһ֮á
ŷҹûгɣ̸Է˵绰ȥ
ŷӵŷҹĵ绰ʱЩ˵
㸸ôŷҹʵ
Ǹ֮ǰһֻкҲ鲻κεŴϵĸףɵüͷ塣
ʱûŷҹʡ
ûУص
Ҫż㸸û£һᾡϵŷҹ˵žѾѵ绰ҵ


231 ү
һ߶ҲһԱߵοŷ˵û£ǲҪģϾͻᵽ
顭Ҳǳ棬᲻֮ǰǸ׵йأ
ʵҲɣֻۣ˵ȷˣôһûа취κø׵Ĳһжŷ֮˵ɣ
ŷҹûжൢ̳ĺ࣬Ʒ
ܼҵʱܼѾ˴ſڣһ֣̾һ߶ӭţһ߶Ѹٵ֪ͨˡ
ŷҹϢȻǴܿ죬ڵܼյӭ˳ֵرֳܼҶŷҹ硣
үŷҹҲûиǿףֱ
ǱߵķΪ˷չˣصذүӽӵ߶Ѿ֪˴ǰıʣҲǱŻסլϰߣֻһǱ͵ϮεŻᱻӵ
ȥŷҹ˳ָķȥǰȥ·
ŷҹǰʱֻĺƽɫҲûʲô仯˾ȫ˯״̬û˿
ӻһֱڣ׶ûбһֱ˯ţˡĻﲻ޵ġ
£˲ҪɱˣֻҪ˶ѡŷҹһۣѾ֪˶ߡ
жй˵ˣɫ¶ǿɫûʲôԲóŷҹҲ֪αȻľһϢϢӰܣֻһֱ˯ߵ״̬ӽֲˡ
ֻʱҲܳùҲѲ
ŷҹ֣һ̽Ƭ̵ʱ䣬Ѿ֪ǵڵһ˲Ĩ
ˣ׼һЩ²Ķүӻָһ¾ȥ˭ڵңŷҹ˵
ֻŷҹһ֣ȻԷ˵ǺˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ڴһûŷҹǾ仰ʲô˼ʱһȻ۾
ף˰ŷ񣡡ϲ
ŷˣȻ֪Լ˯˶ãæʵ
ǰ˰㣬һֱ˯ü죬ոŷֻ֮һ־Ͱˣҽš
ãҵ˿϶ŷȥһŷ˿϶򵥣ȻϣһͿʱǶʲô¶
ԭҲŷҹĻæȥŷ˵˵ȥŸס
ˣҸһȥҵҪǲҪҸϾɱһεˣܰɫȻǲµ˭
ȻŷҹУӦҪܼңǶ˵ӱܣŷҹ˶ۡ
ܼڸŷҹǴǰʵҪǿѾ֪ˣþˣҲһϹͷֻҪܻζԹܼԸȥ
˶ŻŵߣʱԵñȼ˶򾲵öࡣ
Ժʱŷŷҹվǰ
ͬվһˣһһϮɫˣһûгʵĳȥǹŴĶˣżҲųӹһӡ
װѾٻῴˣͻȻ˵һͷϷǴԽˡ
ʲôˣŷҹʵΪʲôܼ֣
Ǻǣ⻰ģʲôˣ֪ܼҵĽǹµģȴҪѽƸƵ㲻±ɱ𣿡Ȼе˵ʱȴһˡ
ĸɣ֣ǺǣҿǽҲǽһ裬ûĶŷҹ޼Ц˵
ߣСӣ֪ԼʲôˣžͲô֪ߵغˣŭ˵
㵹˵㲻˵ô֪ʲôˣŷҹʱͷȥҲҪѯһ¶Է
ȴһɻ󣬱ΪǵĹˣҪζԹҲôĿֻ࣬ܽǾҲûʲô˵ġ
һǰ϶ԣһӡûУͲʶһˣôȥ˵ء
֮һţ˵ţ˺ǵؿŷҹһۣڵſԷŵûӣֻϧʧˡ
ŷҹŵʱֻ̧̧ͷô˵ԺͽٷˣӦǶ֪ɣ
ţ˾ȵؿŷҹһۡ
ʲôŷҹʡ
ף˻ش
ףǺǣеƣֻϧΪֻһ۷壬ٷҪһô͸ҵ鷳ŷҹʵ
һʱ
ΪԼ۷Ϊ˵űһģû뵽Լû˵˼ҾѾˣһ˵ΪѵСô
ܰŶ󰡣ٷţҲŸոյ˾أ۷ΪӦ㹻Сѹġ
ǺǣڲҵΪŷҹЦЦǰسڵΪ
ܼﶼһݣȻˣһҲ֪˭Ϊߣ˭ʵǿ˼۷壬ŷҹȴǳڣû˼Ҹ߰
ŷΪʲôҪ˵ⲻ׵ظ߱˲ú
ҲЦˣոյȷеǵҲɢˡ
ﻹţСǲɵ
е˼ɣԼΪһ˼ҲȻûˡسںͰ۷壬ȻǰأʵϿɾǲöˣǰڣҪһ۷Ĺ߶ô׵ģοǽҸոսصСӡ
Сӣƾ֪Ϳ治֪ôġߵ
ǺǣҵҲ֪ûӵˣôġŷҹҲͬЦǴ㻹û˵ٷҲҵϰһС
׵۽Ѹٵس鶯һ£仰һըĶš
ٷˣǿǾأسڣ۷Ĳ࣬Ǳ۷ͰسڵĲ໹Ҫö࣬СӾȻܴܾسڵǿߣ
һͷѡ˲ţҲ̫ˣصܴܾصģΪϷأ
˵ҲͷĸɵģʦųҲûи߹㣬ƭ˵ʱҲҪҵŵĻ˵𣿡׼
ɣҵĳңԸֲʵˣֻаΪֱֹӵİ취ĶвͨŷҹȻһЦһֻ֣˸ĶҿȽٷ٣ʵˣʹ࣬ٷѹƵøʹɣ

ŭˣСӴţı²С˵ı¸
ڴȻҲһ۷ĸ֣ΪѾʮ⣬츳涼Ƚٷһ̨ס


232 õʲô
ȻȽٷ绹һ֣ĵλԶԶ罭ٷ硣
һ˰۷壬ٽһϼһһһǣ޷չǰ;ľسڣǴһٷ綼бǮһЩ
Уٷһ˵ʹټǸһҲܰǵû
ҵȷ𣿡ŷҹЦʵô׾ͱҼŭ㻹һûа
һҲԼ̬ȷǶʱĴɡСӼʱȻôһ
˵ٷҲֱŭ״̬±ܵģɻˣǾǱŭ״̬ҲǾأôױصĴܵģҪȻͰѽٷСһˡ
ˣŬƽϢŭˣô׾ͰӰҸﻹҪ㣿ŷҹܱĵ˵
ҧø죬ΪʲôΪʲô
ԼѾƽˣֻСһۣѹסСջת
ȭͷŷҹֿˣõʲô
׵ͷ˿ԼĳϹĽ
㲻ѽҴɣŷҹʡ
ˣʲôֵŽ㣬ѵֻΪӣʱȥҸ󴸹ѽȥýë
ˣεǴˣҲ̼ŶԷ
ţȷˣһս֮Ӱ̫۷ΪҪˮŷҹؿס
Ӿ˵ԣΪãǧɱѽŶȻɾͲŶ
׼æͷֿɶĻγȥ
ˢ
ѾѳԼٲֵĻһνԷĥˡ
ҲΪСں˵˵ǲ֪ΪʲôǻᱻԷӰ죬Էһ˵ͻһһӰ
ôȥ˵ǴԼҪĥˡ
СӣٶҲı䲻ˣɣ״һȥ
Ϊʵǲ̫ˣŷҹ̧һӣ⽣ӳ
Ȼÿ죬Ķнø죬ֻоǰһƬ磬֮¼æѽһ
ϡ
ϳأɵˡ
˵ĽұȻ̫һҪǽٷ磬Ϊ֧һ㣬ϲǿôΣӮңŷҹҡҡͷһӡ
ǳ˳飬ȥٸԷһսҲû
ŷҹ˵öԣŽ˼ҵĶ֣Ҹոֻоһ磬˼ôֶûпѾϽˣǰ壬Լ̫ˣҪض
˭ģŷҹʵ
Ҳ˵ԥ
ǻûеõ㹻Ľѵŷҹ
治˵˵˵Ļֻҵɾͻ꣬Ի롭£ôҲŷҹǰ
СҲ̫ˣʵȴôǿ˼ƽٷİ
뵽ʱǹɱܵƾȻһ
вﰵٷȻҲˣǺôҲԼɵˣԼôΪСӴ˽ٷ͸أ
רɱҵģŷҹʵ
ʵǲʣŷҹҲ֪Ļ˭ֻ֪Ǹ˵ĸɵġ׵˵ǣӦòǴŵˡ
ǴŵˣöԷ˼ɵɾһ۷˹ֻɵˡ
ɫЩѿΪôõһֺûᣬȻô͸˷ˣôҲ뵽ŷҹʵȻôǿ
λǰֻ˵ҹһ£ǲѾˡСĵ
֮󣬷ȷǼصµ˾ְɻ޷ҽεӣܰңȥֺúøĻˣŷҹһϵеƶϡ
ˣԼǵС˼ȫ˼ҿ˸ͨ͸Ҳûʲô˵ˣֻõ˵ͷ
ͻȥɣ˵Ѿˣŷҹֱ
׳ˡ
Ҫ飬ĵʵûô
ѣŷҹʡ
ϻ֪Ļô㻹飬ǲȥ
еȴҰĻλǰ֪ͨƭĻҵĽܲң
ͨ󣿺Ǻǣͨ󣬾ͲˣȻ˵ԼʱˣֲȷԲŻ£ȻΪֻɽӴ𣿡ŷҹм
桭һ
ոôû뵽ǰôֲеˣǿ϶ǸһҲɵĸ֡
Ļͷðˣû뵽εȻǼ֮䣬˭кùӳԡ
Ѿ뵽ˣǸڻȷϢҲ˵̾ɱ㣬᲻飬Ƕһˣ߰˳ɵİܻ㲻ӦҵĻұ֤Ͼͻܵ˵ĥߵֶΣġŷҹŵ
ǡǾҴӦ㣬ôȷһᰴ˵ʵ˵أãȻ
Ŷôһ˵ˣƷȷǲһסüһЩֶβСŷҹŸո뵽һӻͳһźɫĵҩȥɣҷй¶ܣǧ֮⣬֮ңҶа취ҵĿܣӴֻ֮ʣһʬ⣬ôⵤҩ㻹𣿡
׵ʱҪԼӣ˵ų죬˵ʲôãƫƫҪԼ˵Ӻˡ
ҩŷҹӹ׿ǿҩԥţȴֲҲԡ
˵ҩпܻţǲԵĻھ͵ѡ޿ѡ
ſ죬ǵҩһȥɲȥƷʲôζ
ˣסܼҵԺҪٶ֪κιҺܼҵϢһʱ֪ͨңŷҹԸ˵
ǡױߵص˵ͷ
Էû˵ʲôвĻΪв֮ǰѾвˣҩˣ˵ʲô
ҪҪ˵ʱ´Ǽһ϶ҩԼɿˡ
֮ŷҹת˭Ӧ֪ɣ
ǡͷȻ֪
Ǹ˽ʲô֣ŷҹʡ
ǰж̾һǰѵһΡ
Ҳǲôǳȥɣʡ̽Ҫ鷳ŷҹǶ
ȻӦò˵ȥǲ֤Ǹһʹ˰֣ǰȫһãŷҹҲһ쵽߰
ˣĶ㲻һڹ⣬ҲµĺܣϹͷѾͣʲôµģȥɡ⻰һ˵̾ǰȰ档


233 ﱣ㣡
үһ֣˵ˣѾˣڹôعµڼúù찲ء
үӣǸĿӦֻһˣҪǾƣúӴȥתתһֱҪǿҲǾġŷҹȰ
ǰףҿǶĺãȹʱ䣬ٻҲȰ
ʱ䣿ҡͷʱǶ೤ѵҪȵǸߣġ
ǡܶ˶ǲš
ˣôˣֱİȻתŷҹ˵ŷθ鷳ˡ
ǺǣҲûʲô鷳ģҲˣֲǺǿŷҹЦȷߣҿûа취ﱣġ
ҾˣҲܶһӣ˵ЩҲף˵ǴҲȫңȻнᣬⲻᣬ˵
ŷҹͷȻ˵ݶϣԼҲûʲô˵ģֻȥԼ˼ˡ
ʵŷҹҲף¶Է֪ûҲ£תŭĶŮϣǾ뿴ˡ
ϾѾһͷԼĺǶᣬ֮ôȨ⣬Ȼó
Ҿˣʲô飬ϵɣǶһʱǲġŷҹ˵ֽ֮˼䣬ԼѾ·Ԩ
֣Ϊʲôŷģȥһأŷ˵ᰲȫһЩЩ
ŷͨˣҲܴŷʵҴһʼûаԼϣ֮ŷΪǸҲǨŭǵڸˣֻҪû£ǲҪȥŷ鷳ˡ̾˿˵
Ҳ֪¶ŷһЩ鷳ǵʱɲǲôҲΡ
ֻϣһε飬ٳʲôӲźáЩĵص
Ǹߵ׻᲻Ϊһҩ裬ͰҪܳɹ
ЩⱳֻҪԳһ⣬̾Ϳһ󴮵Ӧʱ򣬱ȻҲŷҹһԵġ
ϣŷҹܱܼҵĺˣŷҹǰѾմ鷳ĻֻǵʱԼ˲ܼҵ͸᧿Σˡ
ŷҹǱܼҵһ·͵˻ģǻϷɻֽӵһ绰ȴ쾩Ʒġ
ʾʱŷҹһüͷɶû¶Ȼˣǿ϶Ϊʲô¶
ŷҹ飬ȻȫǡѾ׼ҷٲ֣ǵУʱֻƾڵĳңǳŲȥƷɵĵ绰˵
Ŷңңŷҹû뵽ôԳң˼ǳԼġ
ңμңҡ˵ҵʱ򣬳ƷҲǺ޵ֱҧҿץҲһڣ鷳ֻһڣӦһЩ׼ҳʱЩѣһֵĳԲ£һҪѳҸϷˡ
һˣ˵Щʱ򣬿϶Ҫԭ˵ΪŷҹŷҹŻȥȫȡǳƷȴ֪СϷƭ˴ˡ
һͰԭίԼĲ²ⶼ˵˳ŷҹҲֻһڣŷҹأ꣬ŷҹҲͬ꣬Ǻͳһ˴
Ҷһϣ˵ˣǷûˣŷҹҲῴȥʲôҲ
μңŷҹɻһ£ҲˣҺμʲôϵ
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μ˵ɱ˽һŵĵӣҲͬɡƷ˵ʱ򣬶ЩΪҵ޳ܸоա
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ڿסӢţΪɶڱչ֮УֻܿŷҹԼˡ
ȥ˵˵ŷҹܿ͵ڴ֮ǰƷ˵ʱ򣬾ʲô֣
ֵܣôϼһһӭ˽һɫ˵
󣬻ˣֱμҵԣҵ졣
ΪԼһܴܵĴԼ̳ԼҵһӣȻƽʱȷһЩֵĶӣһЩʲôϵ
أ竵ŶӲ׵ؾûˣ˭ܽܵˣ
ʱֲûôΪʵҲĶ
ȥ˳ûдҲʹҳҵ鷳Ǻܶ˶֤ʱҵĸֶڸȥԸлļ
Ȼ۾˵ϹԼۿ飬Ҫ˵ûС
ǸŷҹʱҲˣΪŷҹΪ۷壬ΪȡҲɱظ֡
¶һֱϢ˵ŷҹףɱֻҪõǾصĸ֣Ҳܸɼ˺
һµʱܿǳҹԼĳЩ۵Ĺߣһ·٣ĳֱɵֶΣװըɱ
Щ󣬵ȴôΪѾ϶쾩ûɱΨһĽ͡
ҪĿˣҪͷҲ㣬ҪʲôĿĵĻǲҪˡƷҲʾ˵
Ѿ˵ŷҹɱҵĶӣȴǸйϵŮ˴ȥӦ𣿡ֳ
ŷҹ飬㾡ȥŷҹ˵ƷɶŶԷҳһûû˵ĵزҵŮҪߵĻܣ
ô˵׼άŷҹˣҲЩŭһΣǴңǴ̸ŷҹѾɶΪˣҪɿ⣿Ӣܿס𣿻Ӣ֮ܿס


234 ȷ֤
Щŷҹ֮ĶԹҲҵŮûйϵһѾ˵ˣǵҲܣǲҵŮƷȻǾ仰
ȻǸԷⲻκһҵʵҵҪģֻססŷҹһʱ䡣
ƾĵ绰ȻҲˣǶԷҲʾǹ֮ƾҲȷǲò֣ҲΪʲôЩϺһֱ˵ǹŷҹĻˡ
֣ҿҾͲҪˡԴʱǰһ¶Ҳ룬Ǻ֪ŷҹʵҲɱ˽һŵĵ֮õģԽһҲͲܲˣЩɶȷ֤ݵģΪɻ޶ȥԸһ𣿡
Ʒ￩һ£Ȼûʲôȴŷҹɱ˽һŵĵӣʲôףԷ˵ĴҲģ
ҪĻǰϼһˣҲͽκ⡣
֣ҼǸС˵һҲ֪ģŷҹԼûз©ƭŽٷ׵ֶΣѽٷصľܣֳŽٷ䵥ʩչʲôƣɱˣ˴ȻҲҪ㣬ԳôţܵסҲ˵
ƷһαˣŵĽٷȻҲ˵Ҳһ־ҲһţȻˣһŷҹ
ܶԷ˵ǲģѶѾ㹻ˣҪ޻ҲҪ㹻ʵУȻصĸ֣Ϊɱ
Ů٣ϾֻһҪ޳ȥˣǰʱҲжӣ޷ǾǿŷҹĹϵŮ˸嶼鷳㻹ҪάֿƷɫ䣬ҲЦ
Ʒɵɫòĸӳ̶ȣƺѾΧ
ԭһֱΪֻǼҪĲҵĽڣڿŷҹ˺ܶ£ˣ˵бۡ
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ȻЩǶԷҵһЩ޻ĽڣڳƷɿĿǱŷҹɱġ
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ߣ˵ܶùȥ𣿡ŭ
ֺ֣αأŪֵѿԺϺһ
ܸΪ룬ΪһŮˣΪһûʲôϸСӣбҪԼҶȥ𣿡ҲȰ
ĻҾͲһ˵˰ɣƷɺѾٸıˡ
Ѿ׼ﲻǺȲģǺ涼Ź֣һЩ˿϶ֶѡ
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ʱҲΪ¶ʣϵ׶Ӷֻ˵Ѿ˼ˣû֮ǰѾ˳壬ǵĴʴء
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Ĳ䲻͵ĻɫߵĶԲŷô꣬Ҳ壬ʲôǣ־һеСå˵
ڱʱ򣬳϶ֿݺݵѵ⼸䣬ڣͶ˰죬ֻһ仰ãСӣ
ټĳңֻΪ˿棬̾ɢñ˭죬мԼǳųҵķģмǵԼԼʲô
¹ˣӢţ־Ҳȥų־ļ
Ǿ˰ɣʣǽȥˣҲǰ׷ϡ־Ц
ʲãС֪˳ЦٴΣȻҲŬеʱ治Ŭܳɹġ
ܽӢţǱҳЦĶӣ治ù


235 ߳ȥĻ
ߣ־ֶδҲ̫˰ɣЦš
־ɫѿȷ̫ˣΪܻܲȥһδ֪ء
ܺãҵҪôһ𣬰ҳҸɱģϹͷȻѾͲ𣡡Ʒ
ƷɣΪҴŹɣ𣿡Ц
Ʒӽһ
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ȻȫȻǱһˣ¶¹عɵģƾȷ˵ǲˣֻܴӳȥлٰѳؽ
ղŵѡֻóƷɿЩԼ˶ѣ浽ƴʱȻҪҵŻ·
Ϊ߳ȥĻ𣿡һӣ˶Ѿǰˡ
аҳһ˶߲ѣƷʡ
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벻ǣƷɾȻˣҲҪǿĵ׵ӣͲһϺӦġ
ΪһϺ꣬ǳֻܸȡһ촭Ϣʱ䣬Ҳԥذһѳӳȥ
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ǿƷиõѡһʱ䣬һ
ϼһﾹȻôԼĺӶһҲˣȫƵ·ϡ
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ã㲻ҪΪǾһлᣬǲһѣҲǳ˻ٷʲôȾ֡
ھǵʵǿģʧȥ֮󣬶ĴҲǷǳ޴ʹޣҪóҺŷҹһˣˡ
Ժ˶üͷվֵߡһˣ۽ʲôӣǶ˩һģһֻܸһ
־˵Ҳ΢΢ɫȻǿһӳȥһʱӳȥƷأľؿ
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ʱѾû˵ˣƺ֪˵Ѿûʲôãʣµ¶ֻȭͷڽֻд֪֮
Ʒɲ̾һеʧؿһ۳־
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ˣȴһ¶ûжҪͷһԷӲƴװȻӵ⣬ʱЩӣΪĿһ֮ǰߵЩһԼ̫أ
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ﰲõ붼õ˫ڽţĽų̶Ѿﵽ˼ޣ·ֻҪ˭һ̾һս
ǿ϶ģұȻܵشȫ𣬵һҲ̫С˳ˣȻֻʣˣһĶĳĻ汳ģҲǰ첻
ֿҲСҰ̫ˣҳͷ̫ԣԶ˵ĳޡ
λǲٵ˰ɣһδ档
һòΪôȥɾЦˡ
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ѾѡҲԥˣѾĳ޶ϣٲ֣ǽҲûʲôˡ
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ǳʱȻܻԼΣ֮УҲû뵽ġ
־ȻҲ֪Ʒɵ˼ͬ׳ζʲôŸոһ֮䣬ѾλصĸְΧ
ֻһҲһˣѸٴӿյųȥ
ڳÿһ˴ʱѾ׳壬Ʒɸǲϧ¶ܣһҪѰߣҵӵôܲȥ
ɳҲûѣֻͻһѾصĸһȭء
οɶǴžظġظ֣ĸ嶼ûҸܵס
ס֡һȣҪץң˵ҪҵŷҹҾŷҹҲܿǾҪߣǾ
ŷҹҪˣ
һϲӵĴڿԱˣ
μҺҵҲһɣŷҹˣŷҹңҲͲôԥˡ
֮ɱŷҹѶԸļһˡ
û뵽ȥԨŷҹ˵鷳ԨϢŷҹмˣһžӱĵطǿɲʲô˶ȥµġ
㹻ݣһӳϹϵҲҪ֮
ڳһŷҹŮˣҪԸĿ꣬ԵȻǴӳѳߣӷ㡣
ôһƷǸϼһΪ˳Ȼܵŷҹѣôһ֮仹᲻ͬ˵ĹϵҲ˵ˣνһá


236 鷳
ǰҲȴָƷϼһӲƴϣ˵ʲôõѡŷҹȻˣȻҲ֮⣬ҪŷҹʧҪõöࡣ
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ǸƵãƤһһȭڷɵǽϡ
ڣſڵϣûȥԼˣǵһʱ侪ŶԷΪ
֪ҵĹӦǾسڵΪôһڵĸ֣
ƷҲһǾڵĻ֪ŷҹˣܲʤ㡣
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ʱɫŴﷴӦٺ˼ԷѾٴˡ

֪ԼûеסԷı£ֻܿŷҹķˡ
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һǰȻȥץ

ȻûбֶΣǱ߶Ҳٸʲô֧Ԯˣֻٴץһѷǰס
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Ѿһοĸ֣ôٽֵѾ֪Է϶ֻзֶΣȻֶأûеõǸոһҲ֪һЩ
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һĹ·ֱˢˢ˼Ҳ¶Ѫ
ҲǺسûзĵطкţ˲ͰǸֵһͷ㷢ˢһ㽹ɫ
滹۾ȥкʹòٴͣȥ

ʲôʱܹϷŪ˵ǳˣҵ˶ڿЦ
ִ˿̵ɫҲǺڵúܣĸ֣ǱŪ⸱ԣȻҲÿ
⻹Σؼ˿ɲȫԼֻæģﱻŪӣͷܻ⵽ɵѡ
֮ǰиĵλҲǲˣûһų֮ǰЩǰ˵ҪСġ
ʱѾһ˳ȥҪƴˡ
Ҳ֪ķ䣬ֶޣ־صĸֻ֣һɧŵã˺УǶѲѲڶԷЩѵֵһѷ׳ȥ㣬з
ڵҲܾɽֲԷĽҲûʲôѾҪЩһҪŮ˸ɱˣܷйŭ
ҵҪ˭
ԶոʱڳҴԶĵطֻĹ򣬾Ѿ˴ıԵ
ŷҹ־ϲ˵
ŷҹ
ǳ־еĳˣԵһ
ŷҹˣ٣ѹغͻ᲻ôˡ


237 
ǸŷҹСӣҲ̤ǰ
˭ŷҹתͷ
֣ΪҼȻԼƣʱְͨԼƱߡ
˭˭ŷҹ֣ڶ۶ûпſĿ䵽˳ΪߣģҲǱļһϡ
ֱҭúܣ˼ȻˣȴҲݵģȥϣǵֲˡ
ɣҲضŷҹ
Ϊܲŷҹɨ˶Էһ˵
ߣΪȻȻţһеĸ֣㣬Ǻܵġ
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СӣǳϷԼСӣûһøС
ȷһŷҹ˵ˣȻظ֡
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ŷ硣Ѿû֮ǰĻţ飬ֻҪŷҹվǰܹΪһǰһߵŷҹߣˣ־ʹ󲮣־ܵأֱۺ߹Ƕϡ
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ģڣµģŷҹ˵꣬ܲ˵ߵ˳־ĸǰһ̽롣
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־ԺظоһֵԼţ΢΢ſ۾ʱ򣬾Ϳŷҹӡ
˵ĹУѵҩŷҹתͷų˵ڹۣţ˭ҲҪ
˶ǵͷվڳ־ߣ˻
ָһŵҩֱַ˳־ͳŵҩȥǵûʲô󰭡
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־۾һϴ赤ǺöڹҲǾصӲŻ˹֮Ż͸ģûгԹ
Ȼⵤҩʲô˶ܳԣ˶кôǳԵ˻иĺôΪֵҩҲǼ޵ģԸܰѵҩ˷ڳӵϣ˭Ҳ֪ţܲܳΪǿߡ
ȻҲ֪ⵤҩļֵϵ˶ˣʮָлŷҹ˵ͷ
֪ⵤҩֵֺֹǣڳûһǹ֣˴ŶҩЩо֮⣬ԵҩһͨĲࡣ
Ǵţϴ赤ֵҩҲʲôӶܵõģɣҲֻԿһѡ
˵Ǳˣظ֣ǵҩʱ۾ﶼЩ⶯
ȻҲǾأܱɳͨ飬ɼǱʲôţŵĵӣǽҵ˾أҲлᱻʲôҩΪûлٽһҲѧ˷ѡ
صҩģЩٷһʱʹﵽ˾صĵӣΪֻǲɵδϣ
֣ˣҲǸɶһ֣ų棬ȻãǲǿҲû˽һչĻᣬȻ´ˡ
ûꣿ￴ŷҹ˵˵ǸȫЩ˸ˣŭ
ﻹű˳أҪȻԼһѪڣǱҵʲô
ѾȲ𣿺ܺáŷҹ˿ϳ־߹ǣһֱۣҾ˫㣬ģ־ͳƣҲһۣ˰ɡ

ļڳй֣ﶼ֡
ΪԼ˭ڻ״
Ǿظֶغصĸָʮ֮࣬ΪԼһ˾ܿҪЩ˶ѹһ
ҴûмôˣСƢҲе˼ҲܷŹ㣬ƾ㡭˵˿Լһơ
Ȼأÿһǳ衣
ʼɣǲһϵĻñڡŷҹ֣ıóɣҲʶһɵ
Ը㣬õűм
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ܿ죬Ѿ֪ŷҹд󣬶иʵ
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໽Уȭֻܸӿ˼֣ҪٶѹƶԷ
ܿ췢֣Լٶ֮ŷҹٶҲ̾ˣȻԷղҲûоȫ
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˶ΪһĥȭҲǺܶɵĵķʵǰԼӵŵ˴ָ
Ҳֻ֪ҪѴָıȡ˵һ̾ӱôһԼܾͱ˷ˣ˶ӣص֮ⴢָҲ֪Ҫôˡ
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ƲǲŷҹҲ֪֪ԼʩչƲ˵ǿ϶࣬Ϊ׵ƲֻСɣﲻԲľ硣
ڶȫûǻҪ֮ƲʲôֻǾļʶΪҲ϶Ҳѡ


238 յʤ
ڱĥûˣʱҲŷҹپȥһȫԼķ׸͵ȭúƴåһ
һȷãŷҹҲòӲƴӲƴصΪͻռˣ뷨ˡ
Թ۵ظҲ΢΢ͷҪȥĻҲַ࣬ƽ⣬ðգʵҲһ׵İ취ȻһСôס治֪Ҫʲôʱȥˡ
˲Լͬ뵽ǣɵʹһǵѡҪǵĻһʱͻѱóһ־ռ˼ֱˣĶȥƤû˵
ɵȭҲŷҹʱͻȻмغһֻɫҲ۸ŷҹˣҾҸǵһɣ
⻰һ䣬ŷҹȭҲˡ
˻ĽȻ޽̾ͳһ׸ȭȭ˼ְԵɱ
飡
һϱ
֮ǰһֱƴ˰죬ĵطûڿˣһǽʵʵģֻϧŷҹϣһȭģȫ߹ϡ
Ȼ֣ôȥֵԷҵյ׼ȷһȭ߹ϡÿһȭȥ̾һǶϵ
ھصĹ˵߹ǶȻʲôر˺һѪ֮ܵû¶һ
ҧţֻϣһܳ漣ϧֻѾˣϵ߹Ƕ˶ٸԼѾˣֻоԼȫʹռݣͨһˤȥ
ⳡȭƴŷҹȫѹƳյʤߡ
޵ǣʼգһȭûд򵽹ŷҹһظ˵ղŲСĹ˲ʵǱӸѪ
һִһֶصĴԼǲѾ˾أ߹֮Ϊ᲻һ䵽˰أͣ
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ȥС˫˫ţҷ֮ļҲһˣİظַԸ
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㣡㣡ֲţ֪һ̣ŷҹƺûбҪٹ˼ʲô
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ҲǿˣԸŷҹܳɹˣҲ֪ҪʲôĴۣһ죬ϼظѾڵŷҹȴǺˣһӵϣܲܰŷҹ£һδ֪
λǾҸμҵļɣŷҹɱǵĶӣŷҹʵ
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ӦҲˣҪҴߣһ׵飬߳ҵĴţҿԲǼƽε顣ŷҹ̧ͷˣִΪҴߵĻһֿûȺ˵İΧ£Ҳһȡ˵
Ե۽Ƕ˶Ϊŷҹ˵ЦԷѾɵľظֶϳǸӣѵΪԼҶ֣ûô


239 Ҿ
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ڵԥѾúѡˣԼɾһƷŷҹ᲻ŹǺ˵顣
һŵҵȷɱˣҲܼǵֻΪеһѽҪɱҶȡɱǡŷҹ˵Ҳɱģ˾ȻҵŮˣڳ˻˽֮󣬻Ҫ穱ˣҪǿаѳŰɱҲɱֻǴŵǸʲôٷ磬ȴûʲôϵҪҾͰҵϡ
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Ŀһظ֣Ϊһƾܰ˸ȷɣҲ̫ˡ
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ɲǫã̶̵ֻһ˲䣬ǵѾһҵıըҹƷɡ


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ڳ˶ɵˣ֮ǰһǻʲôֻΪˣŷҹֺܺãһʼͳ˿أΪǴˣ
仰˵عˣ˭ܳ˵Ĵһ˵ǰֱˡ
ҹûأŷҹѾӰһ̧ڶԷ߹Ǻֱϣ죬֪ԼĹͷ
һ̣ҹǵûаգ˼һ̣ŷҹɱ׾ٵģǶԷֻȡͷȥһ־棬ǸǺõ̫ˡ
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ֿ־壬Դӵ˼֮󣬾ѾûֳŹɵĹţǸ˼ά֮Ĺϵôȥֺãȴûп־壬Ϊߵصġ
ɹȻǿĺ̨ΪɵĴˣҲÿ궼ĽǮϡƷ߼Ļ
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ڳϣҽͲˣסٴ˵⣬˯ܲѹһ⣡ŷҹֻǵ˵
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241 󷴳̬
ǻعһŷҹ˵Ļֻ˵ˣû˵ֵġ
ֻԷŭøɿ飬ǲ֪ŷҹΪʲôȥǶԷͺһһʲôóȫκκ
λҵ˰æ̧ȥлˡŷҹҲ˹֡

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ʱȴѾʲôû˵ˣһصˣһϵûС
Ҳû˵æ˰Щ˵˶̧˳ȥ͵ȥ
Ȼͬ˱߽ˣҲƱˣ屾ǸΪԼ룬˭ҲΪȥνһԼҲġ
˰ЩϵĹˣѾǺܲˡ
֣Կֻʣʱ¶ɫؿ졣
Ƕû뵽ҾȻôӲһɽֻСӵֻһˣôңҲŷҹŵЩˡ
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һ䶼֪Щ˸ɹϵôУȻ֪йߣϻиߣֻЩɶصúҲͨ˵顣
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⻰ŷҹ˵ģȻһˣǵŴ֮ͥ£ȻһȹȥҪ˵쾩һ˸Ҷôģôһŷҹˡ

һһ֮ŷ־ȻԱ߶һֱڻָĳ־Ϸġ
ͻˣ־ȵغһ
ĲһͻʱϢŻеġ
־ɲʲôţ˺ܶ꣬Ȼֻһ۵ؾԼҲ˵ǺŬѴ󲿷ʱ䶼ϣɾûа취ͻƣʷˡ
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ǾƽӹСӣŷҹҩ֮󣬾Ȼ˻ûкõ¾ͻˣ˾Ȳѡ
ŷҹ־ҩ϶ֹϴ赤ô򵥣־ôţ˳Ʒɡ


242 ̫
һ뵽ĶƷɺͳô벻Щ˶ţһ˶ܳŷҹֵҩǳһǿʲôĳ̶ȡ
֣Ҫ۳ɱҪǿҪҳ̨ȥǻ˲ֻһƷּزţ˵仰򶨵תˡ
Ǻǣ˿̻һЦ벻һΣȻô۲ؾ͹ȥˣǱҪǧ򱶣־󣬵ǳҸЦʱˣ
˶һۣǹһЦ
־˰ѳ־̧ط˳һȥæոճƷɷԸ顣
Ķ˰־ĹͷûлָΪʹ졣
ųƷɣվŷҹһߣͷϧգһ־Ҳڶġ
ԼΪɹͻһ̣֪һжûа׷ѣĶˣ
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ţ˵ˣʱиŮ˵洫ȻǾˡ
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ҪĹۻҪ죬ó⼸Ϊһ£֮ͻѣеҩĸҲʮֻĻܺãҲȱԣúպ϶ǰ;ŷҹ϶˵
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ǺǣʲʲôǶõҩؼԣҪһֱȥԽ˸ʱ򣬾Խǿû죬Ҳһжĳɾ͡˵ŷҹ̾˿Ҵǰ˸ͽܣҲȤģҲ֪赽ȥˡ
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ŷҪǲҵʲҸͽܰɣ־ϣؿȥ
ƽŷҹĹϵΪҵһԱȻ֪ܲôһʦʵϾԼڼﰫһ
ڳ־ôһ˵ֻҪһʦָ˵ǰһֱӰӶûʲôϵ
ǳԹײ㣬˰ּۣįεˡ
Ǻǣŷˣ͸һһŷɡŷҹЦ
ʵ־ͣŷҹͳҪһƺκ˶ãŷҹܵ𣬶һǳ־ռ˱ˡ
ŷ磬ܰΪʦ𣿡־绹š
ȻҴ磬ǸͬˣҪΪͽǲֵһ𣿡ŷҹЦ
Ŷ־ţʧشӦһ
ʵ֪ŷҹָ֣ɵľǿ߶ҪǿôῴԼʵأ־Գţ˼ֻǿԼ˳ԲŻһæͻһؾ磬ѾˣԼȻôߵҪ˼Ϊʦ̫ˡ
ǺǣˣȻ㵱ͽܣԴȻһƣŷҹֵˣκ⣬æҩ㲻õģպ۷壬봫˵ǵҲ㣬ԡŷҹų־ʧӣͳӶЦ
İǣң־һʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣҸ̫죬˶Щ֪롣
ʲôҲԺ͸ųһڡŷҹֻô˵𣿡
û⣡־̾ŵֻҪг־ŵһ죬κҪ˺㣬Ҫ̤ҵʬ壡
Ǻǣûôأٹ֮쾩ǳҵˣˣҲûˡŷҹЦϽʡﻹһһϵ֣պķչˣҲһޣôҲһŵĵط
Ҿ͸ųˣɲɵνŷҹ磬ôǿţҲˡ
Ҳã⼸ͺúɣĹԻҸĹв׵ĵط͸ȥʣ⹦ʵĻһٸ취ҵʺԼĹ˵ҲǺҪģһ°빦ŷҹ˼һ˵ҿӢŵĹЩƫᣬȷǲ̫ʺ㣬Ȼһ԰ɡ
л磡־жеˡ
ʱҲŹˣǸĹɲ˾Ϊ㲻Уȴûŷҹһʵ㲻Уǹ̫ʺ㡣
Լһ͸һСڵõôչˣһ˵ĸо
֮ǰȳʱ򣬻żֶһԵĸоڣѾ׵վŷҹһߡ
Լˣһֱôŷҹļ˵
ֶ˼䣬߳˳־ķ䣬ų־һжš
ŷ仰Ͱǳҵڵߣȥɽ𺣣һüͷġȤ
ǰǺǣôǳҵǽǣҲֹһ£ôôרҵŷҹҲЦ
רҵͲרҵҾҵģڰڰɣô󣬻ڿأȻ飬Ҳ֪֮󣬳ҿֻٴηٲǰһΣķĸо
£˵ŷҹΪԼˡһڣŷҹҪƷɰѳҵӵܶݵ£ƷҲܵؿһ¡
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ӰɣһŬġͷ
ŷҹЦЦҲûжʣԼûȤĻԼ˵ٶҲûõġ
ʵһұھͿˣסڳңܶʱ򶼸ҪڣʱӸžͺˣҪרһˡͻȻ˵
ӵΪ̫ˣֻصΪڵĳ־綼ҪһЩˣԸͨǸ֣ǶԸߣһ֡ŷҹ͵ӱϾǳˣƽҲڳס־Ͳһʱڳұ㣬˵Ҳ
ŷ磬㲻ᵣӻҲɣԥʵ
һֱָоŷҹ֮䣬һֱֲ̫гĶڣŷҹΪӮڳҵĵλҲȻŷҹû̫ĺøС
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243 ʵ
⣡ӦãᣡȻŷҹ˵ԭʲô
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⻰ǵŷҹ棬ܸоԼЩ飬бϲͻŷҹһ
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һŻ˵ŷҹѾɱ˽һŵĵӣǴŵĻҰϢر֪֮˲ŷҹɱ˽ٷ磬Ųŷҹ˰ɣЩ
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ڹ˵Щ嶼Ҫ棬Լɵľظֱ˵ڴһʾûУǻᱻ˿ģ׼ſ϶Žһź׷ɱŷҹʱҲ׷ɱڻ᲻һͷǾͲ˵ˡ
ֻҪ׷ɱһҪų֣һдѵĹŷҹ鷳ʱŷҹҲܸµĹһŸɡ
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ҪɱŷҹյĿ꣬ǳҵĲҵֻҪŷҹһҿǸƷɣʲôģӢŶڱչУʹǰ˵ϢӢʵѾҪûˣڲɽֻǲ˿ڵƣҪżѣֻϵ˼ꣿˣѾע飬ûܹȵǣŷҹҲУֵȭͷҲҵȻһȵѾܾˡ
ǸҾȥһ£Ҹŷҹҩ˵׬ò٣ŷҹͳұˣֻҪ취ҩĺļǿ൱ڵİˡҲڴ
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ˣȥй۲˵ľٶһĴ㡣֪̾һʲôоͷԵӵ֮һ
ҲȥпŷˣֻҪһлᣬҰȫҶֶһҲûԷ
ȥ֮ԼҲ߳鷿ڴԺ߹հ˹գһС¥ȥȥһŴСĹ뷿޹㣬Ʈţȥһ徲ط
ֻֽȥ֮̾Ͳ徲ˡ
үɺö춼ûˣҿˡһεεŮڱԹţôô˰


244 治
ߣղ˭ŭ
˷ҲܿóѾʮͷӣͷϵƯС㴲
ҲҺͷҲŹ䣬ȻȲЩģǵӹҲӲʵúܣСҲʲôžʴ
Ȼ˵˷ҲͲֻһŮˣ˵ԼоԼСһЩŮ۾￴ĿɻǸͷӣȻЩΪǮİԼ˶ԷҪ˵ûһ٣ҲͲˡ
ڣִѾ˵ֻҲ飬ûбץѾˡ
ʲô˰ϣĸ˸ǸεŮŽ
ΪˣסŮ˵°͵ģָѾŮҪ޳ˡ
챻ڴӶֵһҪӰ۵Ů˶Ƥϳ˭뵽Ȼϼ
ҲãҪһʮͷӣͱ÷ˡ
ۣûˣϿ϶ˣһֱһŮ˿ɲ˵ܾԼֻø졣
ŮӣŮ˵ϣһư˴ȥ
ֵŮһµ˴֮󣬾ȻһԣҲûм
Ҳ֪ԼһƵȣȻ󣬵ӦòһƾʹεİɻǰȥԷʲô
ո߽һҪӽߣ˵ұ˵Ѿ벻ﻹֺܿϷÿ춼һɣǼҵķ治
ŷҹһӾͷֱԷݡ
̫ϤˣȻֻһΣⱲӶܰˡ
ˣѾҪʬϣڳǰȴһⷽ˼ûС
ŷҹʲôΪҲ֪֪ԷɲñӣȲġ
뵽췢飬ͻȻʶʲô
Եˣ֪ԼܷŹŷҹŷҹΪߣҪȵԸļˣԼ϶ڵһʱ취ȥǣֻҪлᣬͻסŷҹš
Լ뵽ЩֻܶҲ뵽ٳƷɿ϶֪Լ˼ŷҹҲͲʲôˣϧȻһҲûУ˵û뵽ŷҹȻôֱܵԸ
Ķ仹㲻ôϣǸŮ˿ɾ㲻ӰŷҹмϷʵЦ
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245 ȴѵʱ
Ǹͨˣ֮ǰִȻҲģŷҹɲʲôֱִ֣ö࣬һưɣҲʲôϡ顣
㣡㣡
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ұ죡ǺԼôôһûӵĶӡ
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246 Ψһ֪
ҲţүҲǸͿˣʲôֻ֪ʱһֻ۱һֻ۾͹ȥˣҲǸɫˣûָЩŮ˵ţЩ˶ЩѣĶûʲô
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247 ɽҲס
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һָоҵڣѾ;ĩ·ˣǿһأ϶Ҳǰŵľǵһ壡
ŷҹþţ޲ʹѶԷйһˡ
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ұһļƻҪԸŷҹļˣֻҪŷҹһļ̾ͳΪԷﱻֹϵ
ŷҹ˴ڣȻܡ
ֻŷҹһŮˣŷҹΪҴһǺĿ죬³ҵԪŷҹˡ
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п˵˼ҿûʲôֻûţڽеľһҵ˭У˭ͳ֣ǿҲסԷôը
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ֻǳϣһԽԽãŷҹΪ˵һ̨ףùҲɵ˭Ҳ
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һֿ԰ŷȻ֪ʱ˰ŷƾ˶ҪͷӣʲĶ
ŷҹ뻹ûвȥȴе绰Ѿˣһ뵹ˣⲻ
ŷֵܣһ쾩ɾˣԵĻﵹҲûʲôֵ˼ǴżЦ⡣
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ŷֵܣһ䣬¶ΪֹɣȥЩپˣûʲôôαȥգȰ
Ū˰ɣҴµģңŷҹЦ
Ҳ˵õǲǰҲ֪һЩҪ˵ȫŷҹΣǿ϶ԩˣҪ˵һζûУҲá


248 ɱд
飬Բɱ˾ܽģȴɱˣǱҪŷҹ鷳ˡ
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ŷҹͳ֪˷򣬿첽Ǹصȥ˭֪ŷҹͻȻüͷոջƽˣȻȻ
㲻ҪٴĻҾҪˣСżеغš
һֻ֪ˣΪʱһûУ˵ôһСŮʵ벻ô
Сܣ˲Ǻöڴš
ߣֻѧһƤëĻɫҲҵǰŪȥɣһȻƣһӵѡ
ۿ㲻ȥȴͻȻǿƫƫһƾǴˣֻϡ
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Ҫ˵Ů˵Ļ⸱Ҳǲˣۿ۸ˣҪԼߣһСôܱ仰͸˵ˡ
Ҳߵģ㲻ҪٹȻ治ˣСŴӻѸٵͳһŷŷҹķ䡣


249 ͨ
Сϵģǵʱŷҹ۷ʱģķ䣬Ըȫʢʱڵľظ֣ϲܸԷʲô˺
ر࣬һսܰѶԷƵǱһСϿ϶ûôġ
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ΪҾͻַ䣬ãǵǻ࣬Ļһ˺ҲûаЦúܻһЦ˵ߵĹߵĻ֪ҵݣ»ŵҲҳˡ
ޣ治ҪҲߣëӵΪõһͿȴǺӲġ
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Сֿʼˣ֪ԼǰˣǾôҪ˶Է³±ܡ

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ŷҹʵ벻ףЩߣߣΪʲôһһ޳ܡ
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Ǹ˶ԷĶݣԷȴؾܾˣһʵ۸ؤ˿ҹ飬ؤȴһӵǶռ룬ûа취Ҫ


250 Ѫ
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һ̣ͽŵؿŷҹֻһӰȥӰӣȻܲʣŶԷĽ̵Լϡ

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㾹ȻܿҵĻӰ־ˣΪŷҹҲǿһĹߣڿԷŵس֮⣬ȻҲһ߲Ŷԡ
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⻰ֻҲˣɲ»˭һۿֻӰģû뵽ŵһɽһһԼͷ
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ڼÿ죬Ͼһ䣬ȥԷѪһƬѪ꣬ٵĽУ˲ͱȴǰҪһϡ
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˵ȻֹڸոĻû˵ʱͻȻ֣ԼһֱĽƣȻˣ
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һʱûзӦͷʱԼĽҲֻʣһ롣
ֲãףֲԼĽˣˣиƨĽư
ǽôϵģһѩһԽԽƣǿѪԷһѶϽȥҲû˿˵ǾһȻܰѪϣ
㲻֪Ʈ꽣ǵɶмȥõĽֻֽҪߣ࿴鶼ˣֻϧȱ̫ԣֻҪҵļеһоܰƴƣ㾹ȻΪԼõǶĽһŷҹҡͷĿﶼǱӡ
ˣȴģƮ꽣õĽƮ꽣ɲ˭ѧģǿ֮һԼʺãͲܴƮ꽣ǵŷҹȻôֶûҪûܵˣ
ɱ㣡һŶϽ˳ȥ
ѾЩȫȻʲô·ֻһζš
ĽҲʲôƮ꽣ҪһЩûԵҪɱ㣬̫ˣŷҹһ߹һ߶ǲмسš

ѾˣнöϽ̵ģƮ꽣ҪãƮ꽣ж
Ȼϲϣǲò˵ڵȷǱŷҹӰ쵽ˣ̬Ѿصزƽ⣬ҲٸƮ꽣
ԼϤҲĽڷŲã֪ܷӵսƽĶˡ


251 صľ
꣡
˵ٴһѾǵˣ˿һػ㣬Ҫڶأأ
ȻûˣôȥһܵصľԼġ
ͦʵİζţŷҹʱؿ޵
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ֿûб꣬Ѿо˲ŷҹеĶϽȻæһԭĹƱƣصס
ŸոճһȴŷҹӰεճ֮ľ룬ԷȻವذѶϽĿüġ
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ΪԱҪ߳ܶ࣬ʱǿžʹŷҹڣΪ춼׳ͷ⣬˵ҲЩӰ졣
Сӣ֪ʲôˣ֮һϵĵӣңǸԣʱ򲻵㣬ļ˶ȫʬ˴˿ֻܿʦŵŻˡ
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㲻Ҫ֣һǣŹƵĶӣҽйңɸĶԹӴ˾һʹڿ˵Լˡ
ԭǴԼŷҹס֮һ̤ڶԷؿϣܸ߰ذ仰˵ġ
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ǲиӽУŷҹŹһۣ˼һ
ԷʶȤػӦ
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еģ˵иӶԽһ츳ȥɵš˵ԼԽԽе̤ܲʵʵô
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ԲţƵ֪Ϣ֮󣬸ոִݵЦòôһȻĴת
ȻԼѣոŷҹ˵ǣǾǻûɱ
ŷҹֵܣǲǻûж֣Լæʡ
ֻҪûж־ͺ˵ˣǶˣֻҪûаɱˣҲ˵ᶼǿԽġ
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ǾͲҪɱ˺ðɣϾѾӦҪ֣ڲӣܹ鲻̫ÿʵǿìܻõġ
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Ķӣ˰ȫĹͷ飬ƻֻܵᵰۣ
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㲻ɱԻ
ˣѾˡŷҹ
ԿЦֻǿ죬ˣǻ˵ʲôѾ֪ˡ
Ҿ͵ǲ֪Ҳ֮ǰһȥϣȻɾִˡԶ
ϴǣɣѾˣŷҹ쾪ϲģһתǣһɡ
Ϊƾ鳤ҲҪ̾һӹã̼
㵱Ȼ֪Ҳ֪ˡŷҹӦһͰѵ绰ҵˡ
Ȼ֪ҲΪ֮Ĺϵ˺ܶŬǹˣȴܷŹ
̫Σգɵˣǣϵͻܶ࣬˵һ׷ɱµĹ߶Ҳһ׷ɱأ
µĹߣɶɣʱŷҹԱ㹻˭ᱣ֤ô˲뵽ȥļˣ
ԭľȥսһɣҲǣŷҹҲûаܶס
Ȼڿ˵׷£ֳֻа޲ŻеѪⱾһɵ㡣
˵ȫĹͷȻԸԭպΪ᲻Ӱ죬һδ֪ҪСźͳΪСŵĻݣ
Щ㹻ˣȻܷŹˡ
ѾճһѻңҲܻŷҹתߵӵߣŰѹͷʲôûУҪһƣֻǵȰ͵ҽԺȥ


252 ùͷ
ӵƣһҩ裬ŷҹŻص˳ߣͬҲСһҩ
СŵˣЩĵؿŷҹ
ĵûʲôֻ˵壬СžˣҲܲ
İɣָܰģŷҹĳ绰оɣҲðǴȥ˵˵Ұޣ
ѻȻǲܰ˶ƭˣǴҲֻһ¶ѣСΪʲôᱻˣǸȺԱΪʲôˤദۣЩû˻֪ġ
ӺСŵҽԺ֮󣬷ֱ˯һһҹѹ
ͬѹͷһ仰ǡöһĹͷۣ
Ա߶˶̲ס̾һ䣬󰡣ͷˣȻΪǶġ
ŷҹָҩܿ͹ϴ赤һٰӵڵʸһ顣
ǸһֱΪԼǷϲĵĳ־綼ٽһףһϴ赤֮ҲǿٵΪϡ
ҲΪʱ̣ټҲڷܣôʱѧϣȻȥʲôȺԱˣŷҹҲ൱
Сʱ򣬾Ҫö࣬ǳȴͲСҲǸûûεļһ
С֮һֱͷţԸ
ɵѾͷŷܿˣ˵а취أŷʲôƭ㡣ֻð仰ֻ̧Ҳûס
С⻰֮Ҳƽԥ̽ͷʣŷ˵ҵκ𣿡
ȻҲûƭСţæ֤ԼһԥС֮ǰһ
ǣǣСŻںš
İɣŷı¾һ㲻Ҳ𣿡ֻοš
ǸأǸҲŷû˰ɣСŲ֪ʲôΪΪģֻǵõʱǸӱ˴úܲҡ
ƾҲ˵ŷ磿ˡⲻмתͷ߿˿ȻСŶ˵Ǹ˵³ϴ۸ǵǸһɻˣɲ˵Ǹͷģµʱŷ鷳
ţһ˵ġСæ֤
ŷǳ÷̺֮⣬չˣԷ鷳
ǸǸأ˵ʶŷ磬ҺʱҲŷţ𣿡СʵһʱԼˡ
ǵġЦЦ㲻õˣɱѵҪ磬ڹڴԴأǸҪͷСˣ
⻰СһЦȴǣˡ
ѹŷҹҲѾ˲
ŷ磡СһŷҹæͷҪñӵһ£Լӡ
Ǻǣŷкö͸㣬ϲòˣŷҹѽɫҩŵСŵǰ΢΢¡
ҩ谡Ա߶ŵõҩ㡣
˾ͺˣŷԲƭ㡣ŷҹЦ
СŵǰһŷȻ˵óڣһ
ԥſС죬ŷҹҩ˽ȥ
ҩȷǺ㣬ﻹСȥ׽ѾһʽСŵĺ
̶̵ֻļʱ䣬Сž͸оԼƤϺʲôһʮܡ
Ҫץʱȴŷҹס
һ£ͻõģȻܻа̵ŶŷҹЦ
仰ǺܼЧС۶ȥץˣָоÿ죬ʱȴʮӺֻʣȵĸоһֻǳ
СŲȥԼ˰̣ǺˮҲֻëȥմá

һСģϾȻëһŵСǺɫ
£ҩѾˣӹȥ
ŷҹȻüͷһ壬ͻȻһ֣˺һ˽žͣŲһС
С˽һ˲䣬ѾñӰͷĸŮҲԸԼڵӱ˲׽
Ǹʲô֪ǲ𣿡ŭˣΪյǼӺǣȻ֪ʲôˡ
СŰ˳ӵʱЩֻΪʲôϣȻһΪ߿ǣһֱСΪõôܲ
ԭ㣡˾ںһ漴Ҷ˽ˡ
㹫ҲǳǰСŴȦˣ˵˵ĹϵܺãҲֻ֡ǲҪţһЩǵĹϵûôõĴţЩġ
С㣬Ѿ˳Ȧô֣
˵С½ȦģڿϾҪԽԭˣ᲻Щأ
ССαˣСҲйϵ𣿻˴ĹСŪ˵ģ
һһԽԽ֣ѾڻǳΪʣСŪ˵ˡ
ȥǶҳȥǳֱƢҲʵȥοﻹСűѾˡ
ôǳȥǲǸղŵĻҪأ
ССܳƬֻҪعӰѣ
ԣҪ֪СС㱻˵ôأһǲҲ˳Ȧأ
̲סȻ˴ֿڡ
ЩȴһѳŭӶһһ
Ȼ֪Է⣬Ǵʱ̲סˣЩ˺Сš
̧־Ҫץһ˵˼Ҳ죬æ㡣
ľģȻֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬ٶȴһܱȵģһѾͰץ˹ˤһϡá
ٶȴֹ˶Է˿ɲֹһһȺΧҲʵûа취ÿץ
ղˤһĻҲĹи׽˷ܵţĴϣðٴɫ١
ǰǷŭҼ߰Ǵ¶˳Ȧʱ䲻ҶӡһֱģοҪڸһˡ
ȻҲĻǸģҪľϣȥ֮󣬻˺䶯ǶĻȻĻһЩЩȻԷֶΪˡ
ҪˤȴͻȻסֱۡ
̧ͷŷҹҡҡͷûõģϲǣɡ
˵ʲôȴǵͷȻҲ֪ŷҹʲô취һŮҲȷֹЩˣŷҹŷҹҲʲôġ
ͣһ£ŷҹ⺰
Щôģһ˵ǰžһͨġ
˭
ǸССм飬Ǹ˽ͨ
߸˶һȣ
˵ﶼڹ˼룬ȴЩɶĴ⡣
СŵѣǳѣСű˺ӣôģ
ոջǲ²⣬Ѿ˱ģҿȥʻǷǳҪŷҹϣСΪԴױİ
СŴȦСսߺ֮˳ѣһŭ֮£СŵݣһͿأ


253 վǴ
õİô˹עݰŷȥ֮󣬵жٵ
Ǿŷҹһͷܸ࣬Ǳ
ֻϧŷҹƽöֻ࣬Ǻܵ˵һ䣺ͣһ£ԼնдҵӦö֪ҡ
ҵ
ҵ˭˵𣿡
նĸ𣿡
ȻҲΪǸĻҲͬʱߺǡ
ү
Ȼ˶ǻ۸ߣһڽгŷҹֵ
ڹлȻԭˣ겻
ҪǴԷȴָոŷҹվĵطûˣѰңǵȺͻȻһɧңҲ֪˭ײ˭ײײ㣬˶ҳһš
ܶ˶ֻоವһ֪˭һѣһ£žĪصȥˡ
û˰⵱˭ŪģΪǲСķһС⡣
һ̧ͷŷҹվԭλãðɣվǴ
ǻûпڣֽˣȴƬԱ
ҶҪңҪʲô⣬ҿСžϴңǴҲҪǵߵͲ飬ʵǲԸĻҲԡŽ۾ĹԱЦ˵
ϸ˼ŭ⣬ҲȦĺˣȻҲ֪ƬΪЩзŽǻǮǹ͹ģĿʲôžΪ˲Сŵˣʲô޴ʧᣬԸһơ
Ƭϰ壬ǿԼҲûʲôԣСŻڴϣ˿ڶûϣǾѾС˦һ߶Լƣֱһֱɵо
Сű֮ǵƬǲǾͻᱻǳιǵ⵹ԵרҵͳǿСŵı
˵ʱ˲ϵŷҹĳ˿ۡ
ȻᣬεȻҲźǶڴŷǳḻľ飬Ƭӵ㱾ҲǲŸոտʼԲӰǵĽȡ˴ݵĻش
ô˵Ѿ׼µ油Ա𣿡̾ͲʵҪСһ崿Ů񣬺һ׵鰡
ȻףԽǲףԽһսսǻɹΪѡҲǵǺһ˵һ˴СųΪһ崿ŮˣǾͷĪˡصЦš
㲻˵ǳɣ˾ȵʵ
Ȼᣬֻ˵ʺϣؿ˳һۡ
ȴһӵذͷŤһ߶ȥԷĻ˼˵Ѿ䵱ʲô崿Ůˡ
ĲЩǶԷıûޣСţԼҪãΪԼ棬伫ˡ
˵Ǹ˭ʵ
ʱܣһɣ˺ǺǵЦţͬһȷеϢ˵СС͹˾ĺͬѾҪڣ׼ǩĺͬûЧԾ͹˾ѾٸСԼ˵ӦһСŰɣ
ô˵СŵҲ͵Ϊֹ𣿡мʵ
˵漣ʱᷢ˭Ҳ벻һ̻ᷢʲôһѾȷˣȴϷ
̾һˣðСŴȦ˭뵽СžȻôҵأ
ڵ£͹˾ȻһǮ⳥أͿԽԼˣҿ²һ͹˾ͻ֪ͨˣǻȡʱΡ
ʱģӦǩԼģɸոպñʱ͹˾Ϊ˱ԼʧֱӰСһ߿ٸʲôʹ
ڳŵʱȻѾٴˣӾǾ͹˾ĹԱһѾӡõĺԼ͵СŵĴǰ
Сţ˵ѾˣĻھͰѷݺԼǩһ°ɡƽ˵
ǲѾСԼ𣿻ҪǩʲôҲ̫죬ֻ֪Сž͹˾ˡ
ʱĺԼ涨ǩԼͬĻͬһԶתССΪԭ򣬵޷ټԼĹֻСŵҪ󣬺һĺԼǸȻ˵
һСŵҪ󰡣˵
˾Ҳй˾ѴҲε˵
Ҳֻ֪ȵģǴһҲһҲûУֺݺݰѺԼק
ΪСǵĹ˾Ͳܻ𣿡
ѺԼɨһۣȻǽǩĺͬȻشϣС˵СţԼͽԼֹǲͲˣԺиʱŷһˣ𣿡
ţСǿûп޳
ȻʲôǲģԼ뿪һ£֮˸ߣһ£ȻؼԼЩôܲί
Сţǩ֣ȻⶫӸǣŷ籣֤Ժøãڵˣǵľŷҹƽ˵
Լݵ˱СҲ֪ûУܿͱ˳ѾСŵǩ֣ۡ
ǲ˼ЩǸ˵ͷǴڿʼԼѾЧССѾǹ˾µˡ
һҪŮ˭˵Ѿ׼µԱڵƬ𣿡ǿˣֺϵؿʼˡ
ȻģţǺƬǿǿ֮£һܴܴϲƬ˵ξôǰһıСŸӾտ٩٩̸ȫﵱǵŷᡣ
ǲǿԳȥˣСѾǽԼЩ˶ˣﲻӭԼ߳ȥٴηˡ
͹˾ˣ˵ǿǲŸոհѺԼ̾һӲŵļƣʵ˺޵
СͬСŵǿ⣬Ǵӿ͹˵ܺʵƬ뿴־ҲǣϾⲿƬǵѪҲû뵽ֽƬĴ˿ֿˡ
˵ĻҲûʲôϾǳǮһˣǵͶҲкܴʧǵƬӲŸտͷʵʧԺԲơ
ǴʱСŵ˻ݣڴؽʵȴǴлˣֻֻķʽЩɶѡ
СûпǹٻعȦпܵĻǽ䶯һ°Ƭ޶Цѯʵ
˾Ļ϶ǵĴö𣿡ŷҹʱȴǰ˵
ƬĴԳҲЩţҲҷ仰˭
ң㲻֪նдҵ

һڵļˣ˭ǸոҲء
ССݵ飬ҲʾǳźԺкĻᣬһǳ⡣ƬǳϿҵر̬


254 СŻ
ϧʱȻûһա
ûˡŷҹȴЦУ˭СŻˣ
˭СŻˣŷҹϷʵ˵
ŵĿ⣬˶һ飬ϸ룬ȷûпСŻݵӡ
ѾҽԺ˽⵽ǵĹԱҲۿġ̾ǰ˵ĵףԸСտҲǻһκĻᡣ
ûˣ˵ǵĹԱˣǺǣǹԱѾ̹ˣȷǵĻ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ɻĿ⣬ŷҹųȥСŵıƿôҿ
С⻰ȴͻȻץűӣ˭Ҳֵӡ
Сţ㲻ŷ𣿡ŷҹȥŷ˵飬ûʧŹҲһŷӦԲ£
Сƺһ£ץűӵ
΢΢ѱƿԼҲǾһ£Ҳ֪ʲôӺ󣬳һľϲѱӳ׿
СżæסԼǴ֮䣬ֻôǰ˵˺ѾˣϸỬԼҲССľһ£ؿų
㣡ңҺ𣿡Сűʱ߲Լգȷһ˺۶ˡ
ţԺˡﺬᣬ˵صͷͷոǷСϵĽ趼䣬һ־ܴ֮ƤǰԵϸ۰𪣬һ̬ûУĶܲˣСűȴǰƯ㶼Ľˣ
˵ŻСӵݹȥСҲæӹž￴ȥ
ڳļ߿ɲȥӣǸƬĴ;͹˾Ĵһ𣬼ʯˡ
ǰŮһԿݣ˵˺ۣһССĺڵ㶼ûСǰСŵдƬ滨ӣȥȴĶѣƤϣƺһǰûе
лݣүҲһΰɣҼΰɣ
⣡
ȷӦľǹ˾Ĵ⾪޵ʯ֮󣬵ͷһǷݽԼͬžͰһ׺䶥
һֻҪһƣҪöѸٷǣȻʱطˣ
ոջԼǿӾͰѺԼǩ꣬ȥͬҫһԼİЧʣֻԼơ
Ҫϰ֪СûлݣԼȴѾԼˣ᲻ҲԼԼˣ
ǣ𣿡૵ص
һûᣬúܣڿԻȥˣŷҹ˵
ô£һʼƺˣҪСŽԼݵһϷ𣿡Ǳ߶̾ᵽıζ
ССǲ˸õľ͹˾
ǲΪ˱ΥԼô
ǳҲȦҩ쾩ܴͬʱҲ쾩ҳƷɵŮСҵãҵһǾһںΥԼ𣿡һڹϹԼݡ
ǰҲйǶڼ֮飬кܶ˲֪ݡ
ʱһҶˡ쾩ңû˭֪ģһݾ˵ܶˡ
ҲǮῪЦ
ˣոջ˵ҩܴǺǳڵͷҵɣ˵ڳҵĵλ൱ߵİ
ҩ֪𣿾Ǵһ棬̾⵽˺۵衣
ţǮǮδ˼ҵ裬Ϊ˼Ҷ۵ģܶ໹ûгѾܶʿˡ
£˵˼裬ỻǮ
찡ôǮ˼˵¶¶ˡ
һڹжʯӣŷҹʱҲվǰ
СŲǳãҲҵãǾһǮ𣿡ŷҹʵ
˭ٴ𾪣һ;һ㣬˵⻰ǿ϶һ㡣
նдҵ
Ѫ
͹˾ƬһҲɵˣǿ˳ŷҹ̬ȣҲ֪ҪȡСǾûܵˡ
ѾԼݣѾ֪˳ݣǵҲô˭Ҳ벻ģ˭Ҳ֪СŵĹϵ˵лҪӺõö࣬ȻΪСôࡣ
һǳưͿСĻݣǵƬȻû̫ʧǶЧȴкܴӰ졣
СſǱ崿Ůǣƶúܶȥ֮󣬾ŬСƣ˵ӰαСŻҪƯݼҪãǹӡûȥô涼ҲȲϴǰЧãֻ˵ĳ̶ϣЧܸǰһˡ
СȴǺذǰһʧȥ˴õĻСżֻ˶ΣѡԼ油Աϳһңôʱ䣬ϾҪЧŮǣȻԼˣ˭˵ǵúڵҪײǽ
֪ѾûصĻˣǻسߣʲô취ԼĴϰ㱨ԼԵһЩ
ǲôεһǿ϶ǱЦˡúõһ˫յĻᣬȻôˣǵӰǲҲ˷ܲΪʱѾԵ˿
ʣµЩǣûʧȥɷõ飬ǵȷǱǮģиſԱǵȻҲ
ҶСŵȥҪһƬ˰׼ҪĵʱȴôҲûж
ûˣɻؿԼްյ˵
ڻкܶͬУʱҲӦ׷װ𣬵һģǾĵģһյƶû
ǵûеˣóĳ磬صȥأʲôɷõģǻ˵ɡŷҹǰ˵
Ҳ̫˰ɣȻǹжӣҲǺרҵʿԼûе磬֮ǰܲȥһ°
˵ûˣҲһɣ
ʱ֮ǰɧҲǲףʱһɧҵȷңҪ˵һ¾ͰеˤˣǸܰ
Щ˵Ҫǿ֪ģԴʱһʱ䶼Ҫˤġ
պбõģǺܵԼ׼ڴҿ׳һĿѵػϣ˳ؾ
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Ӻܶ˶ӦȷǱֽˣʮа˾žǰүޣųƶҵļһŪġ
˼ҵֶ̫ߣû˭óôģҲûа취ȥ˼ʲôƬĲˡ
Ҳдֻ̰˳ûרҵŲܿͼɣ
ɱֻҲ˰ŷҹƵԱ˵һ䡣


255 аŵ
⻰ҲǸЦ̾;ñһ磬Ǹһգ˵ʲôаŵ鷢һ
ˣǲ˰ɡεظЦȻԼˡ
ʣµۿСźͳǰǰٰҲʲʲôҪҲĲ֪Ҳûʲô˼׷׶ѡ뿪
磬ǾǰȻôҲˣôû˲ɷأӵ˽ǸԲͱ˽һﾹȻϱġ
СѾ֪ӸŷҹˣһǸӣǺû˶һЦ˳
Цʲô˵Ĳ㿴ҴԨȺԱһ·쾩Ҳһ·˰ɣôûʶأӺ̾
ӣŷҹ˵۾ͳ
ǸʵҲûɶҵĿҲǵʲôģҪѹ䷢󣡡ӻ˵ͷһԱʱͱһ
첻ݼǰѧҵǰ˵Ϲˣŷҹ
ٺ٣ǸϴʵҲǹ񫡣Ȼ۵죬ҲûиҷֻЦ
ȥʲôȥɣ㻹ΪĿҴаŷҹɫ˵ʱ䣬ʵʵԨҸطٳȥ֡
ϴҲŸոջһί
ŷҹͷϸߡ
һû¶ȺԱڳС崿ŮǵǰȻ˵ԼϸȥǶƤ˵޳ܵĻ
ȻˣڸʲôģѾúˣ˵ֻҪȱȺԱûʲôҪģϡӺܸ˵˵
ŷɵ鷳𣿡ȴ̾ŷҹ˼
ӣСҲҪߣ쾩ǣھһǷ֮ءŷҹͷȻûʲô֪ҪЩȫסҲ̫ܣϾСźʧٵѾھﴫˣʱƬɽʧֻҪǲ飬һЩǻֱ֣ǿɾ͸ˣ뿪쾩һܷʽȥĽͨߣҲ׷ֻҪһʱ䣬ܿǵķӦˡ
ޱʧؿŷҹ֪ҲΪԼãһ뵽ô׾ͰԼƴġˣЩʧ
ŷģԺ󶼲ҪȥϷˡСźܹɵ˵
𰡣㶼ѾˣôҲҸһ֪˰һմĹءӺòҵһǼѣתۼ˾˵Ҫ˳Уޱȴ
ʱһĹг˽һͷˮѾյĲôɷѾ𣿡
ûûУɷңɷңڲţסǸ˵
ŷҹ˷ۣԼСӵ񫣬ҡҡͷСźͳȥ
ǸǸСС㣬ûˣǱ߰ܲܽһҵĶҲɷãңż׷ȴץúܽǲ֡
ɷҰɣҸССģƤ˵
ģ⹷һСѾˣץһһɣôҲܶͺá
ȻģҸССѰʲôҲ֪Ӵţ
Сᵽһŷ磬֪СŸŷҹʶĻҲܸСнӴ
㣬СС˻ΪʲôڶǺõģҿȥȴǰƯкİ¼豸򿪣͵ӵߡ
ʲôССˣĸ˵ģһ̾ͻˡ
һߣòով˵һ顣
ӺСǱɳ͵ԨΪ쾩ﻹЩ飬ҪԼ죬ҲСһԨһʱ䣬ֻ쾩ˡ
ŷҹʱҲӵԵĵ绰Է˵ʱЩԥ·֪ôŷҹ˵
֣ҲǸʹˣͱĥˣʲô¶ŷҹʵ
ҪŷҹֵܰæԵǿˣھһĹᣬ֮ǰƾҲûйעڿɵĹУ¹ʣƾҲȥ̽ȴ˶أǴʲôаƾʵɲֻ֣ܿŷֵܲܰæȥ
ŷҹѸٴתǲǳѵ˵ǳĹ
ֹֻ̫İӣطԱ϶ǴˣĹҲѾסκ˿Ҳʱ䳤֮ĶǻʲôҲŻԽ˵
ðɣҿȥһ¡ŷҹͷϾԼҲӵĶݣƾĿƣƣҲ˼ʲô
οˣ൱͵ġ
ģֻҪһҿ϶㱨ܲġ˵
һѾһֱۣҲĶˣҲжֻͣʤаһҪȻ䵽˱˵һѵĿʼŷҹ
šƺڵͷ
ŷҹ΢΢üͷԴǰӣ϶˵ʤаԼûһΣĻشȻǺģ»űˡ
ʤаֻҪҪõУһ飬㲻ɡ
ʤа⣿ŷҹֱʵ
һᾡŬʤаõ֡˵ģŷֵܾʱҪˣ¹Ŵ˴жĳɰܣЩ鲢Ҳ㣬ʵڲø˵
ǺðɡŷҹҲ֪ԷƾУҲźܴƣܸԼһɣʲôʱȥ
ȥɣܾ죬Ҳ㶼ʶһٴкȫȨָӡ֪ŷҹûȨĻʱҲǼ鷳顣
˵ŷҹһ֮ԵҼǵǵദǺǢ˾ͲһˣƾȻмɣҲֻԼǲңŷҹϾԼһԱЩ½ĳԱһһţδؾͻŷҹĻ
ⷢʱŷҹָЩ˵Ļ൱Σյһ顣
ڵĻͺ˵һЩˡȻŷҹҲƾЩ˵Ƣ˽⡣
֮һСΪϣ޷µĻֻҪ֤ĶҲͺˣ쾩ߵһ̾ͻиǱȥֻ޷ѡٴ˵
ŷҹӦһȴܾԻʲôû˵ĻȻ˵Ҳǰ״ֻеº˵ˡ
û̫ʱ䣬Ѿŷҹȥͳ˴˸кԨ˸绰һӺСŵ飬׵˵һԼһȥžٴ·ˡ
ŷķͷǺܴ󣡡˾ƺǸϲ˵ģŷҹһۣЦЦ˵


256 
Ŷŷҹֵ
嶼ҪСؿɫ·ͷǶ궼ûгֹˡЦ
ǺǡŷҹֻЦЦɲû忴ɫڱԸ⿴Ҳܲš
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ƾ˻᲻ŷҪһ㡣˿ŷҹǺģֻѵһЩ
˵ģŷҹЦʵ
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ȷڵ鳤ֽҵļֻҪһΪҲǾ۷壬ɵҲһҲͷҲ˵ʼն˵ҲٴգֻƾˣѾǵĳԱΪܵһ̶ܴǻȫ׼ȷ˵ˣ֮ǰҪƾݣҪȻĻ
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ۣ㻹ʲô˵ͷ׵òᣬҪСˣ鳤֪ҪŻΪѣԲŹεģĻƾԱȻţҲڷҪɡ
ŷҹ˵ͷҲԵĿġԼһߵ˳ĻǱĹˣȥ֮ƾĹſݣǵ鳤ҲĿŵ鷳ʵ˵ȥ
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˵Լ쾩õʤаĸԤ£ǱȽˣ֪£õĻȽϴһЩ
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ͷ˵ۣû˵ԷĻ̫Ϊŷҹʱ¼ҲǺܶ࣬һսظ֣ҲǱ˴úҲʲô֮ȻҲܰ嶼۸ˡ
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ǣҲܶƾǣ̾ͻֻϧôһ£ֿ̾
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߰ɡŷҹҲ벻һȻֻȥ˵ˡ
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һܿǰдƬĹȺֳֻʱĹĿɹѾͣܶ࿼רҶֻھΧ˳һЩϣΪѾƾ˸סˡ
ڻֳԱʱסˣǰڵƾˡ
ŷҲǼŷҹԨչˣʱŷҹ۷ΪȻǲ֪˶٣쾩Ϣ˵ġ
ŷҹ΢Цŵ˵ͷԷʾ⡣
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ŷãŷҹ֡
ŷҹҲ֣ͬԷ˸к
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鷽ԼôأЩá
ŷҹҳ˴ˣ鷽ĵȻҵҪ㵽ж
ŶŷҹҲɨ˶Էһۺƽʵ쾩ҵˣ
ô鷽ǿӲ
ǲôŷҹЦ


257 ѹһͷ
ʲô˼鷽սȭͷޱϷŪ
ڵΪأôŷҹʵ
鷽һʱȣǼֱһһ¡
һϵСӣּӸͲһεģ˵СһΪϸǲף۴ķ˵ܱȵȲ̧֪
ȲҵĹôŷҹʡ
鷽ҲǾأҵĵλҲͬǺܸߵģϵСܱȵ
Ȳ𣿡ŷҹƽЦݣ鷽޲ȥ
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鷽ŷŷ鳤԰ָǵĿ䣬һжҪŷİš̰԰˳
û취˭һӵܣ̶ͷһˣһҲ֪Լӳʲôˣ鳤οŷҹ˿ˣҲֻǰѹһ°ɡ
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ҲҪҡŷҹҲܶԷŭӣʩʩȻ£ֻ㣬ղ˵ˣǾΪһɱһҴˣƾʲôҽа壿ǾƾԱҲҶ֣˵Ϊѹһͷûȥ
鷽ʱ죬ȷֻǿŷҹ˳ۣȴˣһɲһ仰ʰģ˼ҰѾظֶ˵ˣԼΪƾʲôȥ˼ң
ŷҹıûʲô˵ģҵӵعʲô
ƾݣ˼ָӵģԼѹ˼ңҵݣ꣬⻹ýҼ˴ˣ׶Ӷɱˣһ¶ûУƨ
鷽ȻһӲǴ˿Ҳ֪ԼԷͲһˣҪƶǲʸġ
ŷ磬ͱһʶˣ˾ӡҲŴԲ
ߣ鷽ҲֻһһԼĲˡ
ҪһʶҵνǱҾûʲôϵֻΪƾһԱҪ˽ǣǷҵָӣܵĻνĹ鷲ڵĵطͲҪţȻжҶȥ㡣ŷҹ鷽
ƾʲô鷽ֻǲԷԼİš
ΪĶһܶԸģҪȥͱҪҵĻģͲҪңҾͲˡŷҹ
ƾʲôȥҾͲȥȥʱ㲻ȥ鷽
鷽Լڵݣٴ̲סˣƾһɵĵط
ŷҹڵǿ䣬ʵΪƾĳԱ˵ÿһ䶼Ų͵ĵλҲܸǰԱᲢۣԼЩĳԱ˵ѾЩϹˣƫƫ鷽ˣŷҹƽϣȻһֱȥ
ҿƾһɵĵطȻû״Ѿŵüװܵˣǲýƾ鷽޼˵
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ڲˣʼȭͷ𣿡鷽ǺһΪƾͻһЩҶΪ˭мＸǿǵҪȹ˲֪
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鷽ⲻǷ⣬û
ȻȴΪŷҹǱ˴ģҪҵ͹Ϊ˰ŷҹһűɱһűȫĹͷҲ̫Цˡ
ѡˡŷҹ˵
鷽
ֻܵ㲻ԸˣΪҲܰѴҵİΣϡŷҹüë˵
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˫ĲôԣٰˣҲ֪ôѡģŷҹѾ˵ҵˣǰҵ˲鷳С
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Ҫս㣡Ŀ֮£鷽ͻȻ˵һ𾪵Ļ
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鷽ô˵Ҳֻһ죬ǷȱһЩ򣬸οŷҹء
ҺֻͣҲģӰŷҹҡҡͷ
㲻ң±֪ɱսʤ蹩Щ˵ֶΰɣ鷽ڿʼˡ
ȻŷҹЦˣҸᣬֻһֻ֣ƶһӮŷҹ˵
˶ʱˣֻһֵֻûʲôŷҹʵһֻӦҲ㹻鷽ˣƶһô£Ҫ鷽ԶԶվţ˭Ҳ˭ѵƽ֣
˵鷽һðкŷҹֻܱԭذ
һʱ䣬Ҷŷҹ鷽ȦףЩ˱˼ӡ
ȷˣᷴڣ鷽ƵЦ
Ǻǣ㲻ؼŭңΪ㻹첻Ϊʵ̫ԶҲ㣬ûʸսҡŷҹݵƶԷͼʵ֪ҲҵĶ֣ԲҵжңᶪһӣΪҶ֪Ѿ㹻ǿһɱˣȴһص߹ȥֻԵûжѣ뷨ܺãҲĻֻֻ˵̫ˣ
㣡鷽òС
Ȼ֪Լŷҹ֮Ĳ಻ֲǱ棬˵ԼҵߣʵЩ²̨
Ϊһںô𣿾˶۸㣬ô˭ͷŷҹҡͷɫ糣˵ҼȻҷ˵ȥսɣƶһ𣿡
鷽һʱˣȷԼ˼Ϊŷҹжˣܸʲôôĸʵǿ˲ˣ
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ŷҹֻǵһЦ̧ʾԿʼˡ
鷽ԭļƻѸһѷɵѾһŷҹۣһұۣȥȻʲôҪλΪ鷽ƵַȽѷɵλȴŷҹѳĵط


258 һֱȥ

ûпŷҹöྫĽУֵֻѾѷɵɡ
鷽Ҳ⣬ֻǽżɵ
ˢˢˢ
һ𣬿ȥȻûиղŵ٣ΪɵλóƷ֣ӲܣŷҹͲܡ
ֻϧ鷽ԤŷҹĻҲûг֣ԷǴݵػӽȻǵɵԱķɡ
鷽ҲУÿһѷɵֻҪУٶȥһʱŷҹߵķɵһֻܲϻӽѷɵķɡ
ոտʼʱŭ鷽޳ܣģǵŭѾûˣȡ֮Ǿȣ𾪵ģǶؿ鷽ķ
ˣһߵҲǴؿ鷽ķ
鷽Щ⣬ΪԼİ˾̾ˡ
ŷҹôֻҪҪĻҲһܳΪţ㲻ǾԼ𣿿ţľǰôԶ㵹ҧҰ
뵽鷽ͺԼһ˰ŷҹɷ쾩ұѩһķɵԴԴϵط˳ȥ
жٷɵʵ
ƲƲ죺˭֪һһ﷨װĶǷɵɣ
ǴôһֱȥЦתͷŷҹǱ߶ŷҲǣ
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תͷһɲǣԼҲˣո˶ٰѷɵԼûʮ׵ʯϣһŶűŷҹɵķɵ
Щɵţÿһ֮붼ȣѷɵųһߣһ··֮ǰУ˿ţڴۿȥЩɵһķĵƺÿ㶼ǲаһ
־׼ֱķɵֶҪӸҲ˵ԷҪɱĻͲԼǸոЩɵɻʱԿƾܰɵ
Цոյʱ򣬻һֱΪԼѱ˴ֻмܵķݶһֵضûУֵڿǼķ̰
㻹ŷ֮Ĳ𣿡Ȱ˵
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˵ˣ˲Ҫ޵аεп
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ʲô˵Ĺ¶Ʋˣ˵Ҳƾֻǿ䣬ƨ£
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ҲаҪȥ֤ڸûӡ
ʼŷҹֿԣ˲ŷ֣˼˵öԣʵĲ̫󣬾ãԼֻǱúܲҵķݶ
»ȥƣǲŰ
ܺã˾Ӧ֪ˣֱ˦һƶûм㼤ʲôղŵһֳһ֮ѵһѵ鷽үүΪ֪Ҳ״ûжʸûУУ
鷽úܲңʱ֪Ҫôȥ죬Ϊ鶼ģҪҲڲס
ŷ¾˰ɡǰȰһתͷֶ鷽鷽͸ס棬ξͲҪٽĹˡ
ңҼȻ䣬ԸŷҲȥ鷽ӲͷƤ
ķӣŷҹʵ
ķӣ鷽
ܺãھͽһҪ飡ŷҹʮ֣ص˵
˵鷽̴Ӧ
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鷽ԷһҪ飿
ƾԱصĹһһ˲ţ꾹Ȼȥȣ
ңȥ鷽һ£תȥˡ
鷽Զˣ̲סЦȻ̶ͷˣҲǴ
첻ҵˣҲҵˣŷҹͻȻתͷ
ôҵˣޣҵˣ쾩ǸҵġԼƺͿˣ˵ˡ
֪ŷҹ쾩ҵĶԹٹϵĳ޶ǻˣοһֱ˴˵ŷҹɱģҪǵĻǲޣǿֱ쾩뱻Ҳ˰
㿪ЦġŷҹļЦһתͷȴ࣬㵹ҵ˰ɣ
ڣЦûˣٺЦҲЦŷŪ˰ɣӦҵ˲Ŷԡ
ŷҹҡҡͷȻȴ˵ζ


259 ˵ζ
ˣҲ֪ŷҹЦģҪЦĻҲ̫˵
˵ζôųģӣ
ŷ磬ЦҲ̫ˣòЩ˵ذŷҹһۣתԼ
Ҳû뵽ôһ仰ǵòˣƽʱŮͦദġ
ŷ⣬Ůû룬ŷķǲ갡뵱ȥǸίʱŮһ·ⰡôϷ˼ң϶Ǻˣܼ
˵ʲôˣŷҲ̫ˣŷôǸ˼ŷ濴ˣ
ҵˣûŷҹȻЦЦ
ҪЦһŷҹڵı飬֪ԷЦ˵ġ
ҵˣѾ쵽ƾʲôľ
ŷôģ֮ȴֵʡ
͸ˣųİŷҹЦĹϢҴһϢһģûĻӦǸ鷽һ˫ĹΪһʱϢ᲻Ծһںϣ˫ޣ벻ڶġ
ӶԷ￴𾪡
ô˵ɫص˵һ⣬Ѿǹˣ
ۣûѪ
ЦЦæЦǵʲôĿģƾҲֹӵܼ밡αط˼Ҫʵݡ
ԭҾͲ֪ˣ㵹Ƿǳģȷ˵ʱ鷽ǰͻѹͿԺܰĵؽһŷ硣ŷҹ̯̯֣㿴ռˣ
۽Ƕһ£ҪŷҹΪȷǺԷԸȫȨָӵģǿ϶һ
˼ҽһ磬ռӱ˰ˣҪҪ
˵Ҳ˲٣Լ鷽ҵĹϵںܶʱ򶼻зġ
ʲôҵϢƾжʱ򣬴ҲرһҵӵܣϾôƾԴҲȻǴӼģǵѪı䡣
ȲָûʲôϵģȻͲ֮УŷҹǿĶ֣Ҳ֣⵹ռ˺ܴıˡ
ôһ룬ٴοŷҹп̾һ治ˣ
˼ҰԶŵŮϵζҪḻľ鰡
εĹ֮Уǲ海ҰɣЩĵص
֮ǰǵûʲôڼŷҹ˭֪ǻ᲻һʱʲôģǿǷʤ
ֻҪʲôıʣǻҡŷҹŵոյĲҲˣҲѻɵĻ˵ڣҲǻҵǰŪ
ǵͷԭŷҹͰЩӦˣֲýӸ鷽Żء
ڿЧǺܲˣӦöᱻסټŷҹ֮ǰЦһݣ˽Ϲƶ˯žˡ
ʶˣȻûʵҲ㹻øӣһʱŷҹҪģֻҪĹж֮СϺһĴڡ
СϺʱͬʱһ£ԼΪŷҹҲ͸СϺײĶȥ
ʲôʱĹѨҪʲô׼𣿡ʵ
̹ɲһѲȻںһЩǻûг׿ɲҪصޡ
ȻҪ׼ҲѾ鷽ȥ׼ţɰҪɰŷҹһͷȻˣ鷽ҩ㡣
ŷҹһ䣬Ϳű򿪣鷽վſڣȻҲ仰
ףôôͻˣɰˣŷҹȵʵ
侯ɳȥˣӦúܿͻ鷽ʵ˵
ͦ취ġŷҹ͵ؿ˶Էһۣ뵽취Ҫߵһִӻһҩպ˵㲻ͻˣȥ⸱ҩץɣ鳤˺ˣǾͿĹˡ
鷽ǳ˳飬ȣǹģǣ
֮ǰԼѾ˵ҪŷҹģȻԷͲĹᣬô֪ʲôأ
ҵǰ˵ƬĹЩͷģ˵ʲôĶ֣Ĺ²ȥǾʲôŷҹ˵㣿
ˣһǸŷҹһӵģ˵࣬ոѾõϢ˵ŷҹѾʼˡ
ŷҹĹᣬǺпҲų⣬ԲģܽĻᣬֻҪŷҹͬ⣬ûһ˻ȥŷҹĿҲûκһҪ֡
ʲôأŷҹڷ㶣һ¡
Ŷȥ鷽ѸٵؽӹҩҲûתȥˡ
ת˰Ц
ͿתðɡҲϡ棬ʲô
ڣŷҹؿһ£úϢԶٺõģѾãȴһսٰɡ
ŷ֪ĹʲôѾ˶Ըİ취𣿡ʵ
֪һЩˣֻǻĻҪȥٿҾҲ²ĶҲûмʶòöԸҲ˵áŷҹ˵ʱͻȻӴһ鷽˵һŪòôˣôܲúóһȣ
ŷҹĻû䣬ٴαƿˡ
ǿЦ⿴ȥֻ鷽죬ǿ˻ȥǸ̾ȥ죡
ŤͷһҪšСˣֻҲôһ£ʹһ֮Լȶ
ŷһ챻˰ɣʲôӰɣЩǵ
˱Ȼĳޣŷҹְ˾㣬鷽ܲǺ޲Ź֣ҪǸһĹᣬ취һᱨ
ҶһͲ𣿡ŷҹʵ
⻰ǰסˡ
֮ǰ˵ģ˵ĳޱȻģҵÿһŷҹΪˣŷҹȥ˶˲赹ˮҲܾ鷽Ǻ
鷽֪ŷҹһֱȻǸͬҲ֪ŷҹû˿κͺøУʲôʱ򣬲òǵøȫһЩײʲôľٶΪŷҹʱ̶ڶֻҪһг̾Ϳɱ
ֵģŷҹһ˱øӰȫˡ
ֶԷҲһ뵽ǣ̫ˣ
ǵĵƴĥԼĶͷѶԷСһʹţоٺ٣ͦˬģ
߶Щ˵ٶҲͦģϾЩ쾩ģػĳԱҲ˿ĵǵȻ࣬ҪĻҪƾ⡣


260 мˣ
ɰҩˣһ͵
ŷҹڿذ鷽ҩϣȻɰһԣкŸλһ
ϯǶ鷽༸ۣЦ˵˳úз࣬û˼ҪеĻмˣ
⻰鷽˵ֵһ߶ȥǷ˼ֻ֮ͷԷԼˣԼһ˻
ûã鷽Ҳ˵ԼˣҪ˳
зడô񡣡ŷҹֵ٩ȱȥ׷ţ滹¶أ
¶鷽ƴˣôˣʲô¶
ҩҩҪĸСʱأܰˣϸ»϶ҪֲָŷҹεĶԷļ
鷽棬ˣڴȶ˱ķ
鷽ˣŷҹ˴
ҶߣԷҲһܱȵģôı߳ԣȻҲͰĸСʱĥ˹ȥ
鷽ҩŪûŷҹʲô˼Լһ
ҩ̰֮ĹΪкôҿҲ۷ˣ˵лԳһ±ϡŷҹ˵
ģ۾ˣ۷ʵѾ˺ܾˣֻǳأȴһᶼûء
ǵȻҩҿɸءŷҹһЦ
Ȼ֪ŷҹ˵˼ҩҩϵҩ֮⣬űĶԲЧǿŷҹЦӣﷴŷҹҪһ
ǸҩܲԣȴǺЩ۲ʵ
ȰԼĹȥҲܸ˻ʱеúˡŷҹܺع
ǻ˰ɣûиԼ鷳˵Ƕٶȿģ˵ͷӦϴãĸֻһˣҪٽȥ˭֪ܻܲų
Ϊ۷嶼ȶھҪͻƣ˵ŷҹһǸһĽ͡
ŷҹ߲֣ǺѿΪģŷҹȴܴϵ˿жϳÿ׼ȷΪò˵Ȿ¾ǾصĸҲС

òϴԨʱŷҲŸոսذɣôȻ֪ŷҹôôͻƵ˰ġ
𣿡ŷҹٴɨһۣò˵ʱҲǺҪġ
ᱼ˵Լû¶ⲻҴʣðɣȷûòġ
֪ҩԼ磬Ե쳣˷ܣһҩ˸׶죬̾Ϳʼ
벻￴ͻƣԼܴ֮ǰŷҹ˵һʵ⣬ЩƣһͷصԼȥżȥˡ
ܲ׾Ȼŷҹ˵һֻֻѡȷˡ
ŷҹû뿪񣬱Ҳǰסģһ׼Ĵ̡
ʱҶȥæˣҲ̯ԼһӦװɰãֽ̿ȡԼëʣʼһŻŷ䡣
ŷҹڵʵɲǴǰɱȵģټ϶ڽŵĽѾ൱ϤѾڴǰʦӳɣԼܸ˳ˣһʩչҲǰӿٶӦ֡
һŷâ˸֮ͱŷҹ̳һ̣ȴ˿ûͣ˼ﲻ۵ķ
ͻƵʱǲʺκεĴŵģЩӿһ˿˿ƽʱ˸ʺͻƵĺõطˣҲʮ˷ܡ
ʮѵõĻᰡʱѾ֪ŷҹʲôȴƴʮŬڳűϣֻҲ֪ãɵҪץᡣ
һĳһʧܣѾϰʧܣʧ˻ƴ̫ͣЩƫһΣȴЩǿҵĳ嶯
һߵһ˿ɹʵѪһʧ֮ҲûĻһ
ȻѾʧ˲ٴΣǰԸѾͣٵԼĻӷ֮ԣһΣȴȻڼš
ڵƺϢֳ±ϴˢһûˣһƴͻƵĽࡣ
壡
ԼǧɱһֻҪһ̾ͻᱻԷûӶ÷ǡ
һΣȻǳѡ˼֣ˡ
䣡
һĳ֮ľҲȷƣʱĸ֪Ȼһ˿ɶ
ɶǱϵɶǰʱûйָо
ǱϾͺһ¼ӲʯǽһǰĳϤûκһһΣȻɶˡ
尡˷ܵȵط̾˼ѪһűϳȥղŵǷһʣµֻѪ޵е
䣡
һǿҵĳɶزϵؼӴš
⣬ʲôʱ᳹׵£ԼҲ֪֪һ㣬һ˻ȥˣ´λһᱻĵڵĳ̶Ȳſܴɣͻƿǲۻġ
뵽ûһǱŸľĳȥ
Ҫȥһأҧ
꣡
֮һ㣬һ˿ϲѾоԼ͸һ˿ոѿķ϶ǰٵسȥ
Ȼ϶ֻһ˿ֻҪټһ϶ͻĵ
Ըֻʱ䣬ֿѾܼһķ϶ĸ֪֣תҲԽԽ졣
ںһصıϳ׵£һϵȻ񶼴òߡ
ŷҹѾǰͷԼĶûдõǡ
Цһ̵ˬֱҩҪǿһٱ
߶ҲѸٵһҲ֪ͻƳɹˡ
Ҳûʲô֣ŷҹ֮ǰ˵ˣܿͻƳɹڳˣҲֻ֤Էû˵Ѷѡ
ϲϲŷҹͬʱЦ˵
⻹ȫŷϴҩҪȻҲôͻơм˵ƺҲˣ˵ŷϴҩҼʲôö
ôһʣҲѶţܰ˴ͻƵصҩģҪпܵĻպҲŵǲߺܶ·
鷽ҲѾֻ˶˰ûǰʱôʣҲǶѶҪ͵͵һ⴦ܡ
ǿǺöʵϣûⶫһӶͻưءŷҹ֣֮˵漴ַϣԣûֶԺҪٽףÿһֻܿˡ
ʲôǶû˵ҩģÿͻһҪõǱƷǸ֪ˡ


261 һ
ֻҲ֣ΪʲôôҩģǾȻû˵ûһǰ߸ָһĶ
תһ룬ΪⶫܣȻÿ˶ҪõҩĵҲ̫ģǶһ֪Ͷһ˾飬ȻǴҪġ
ôһҾ͸ڴؿŷҹˣԼҲ֪ߣǲǺܱܿȱһ̤ٽףӦҲȴǰҪ죬ϾԼҲ֪ܵ˰
ģǰĿⶼѾŷҹϣܸع
ŷҹҲؿڣ˵һ˭֪飺ֶ˵Ҳ򵥣ҲǸ˵£
£ʲôҩģĵر
ﰵĸˣԶڷתţʱ֣ǰԼ֪ɨһ飬ôǸҩ
ŷϴֽУµĶҪҵٴβؼ˳
ʵúãҲ൱Ҫŷҹһȴûн˵ȥ
ǵﰡҲżǳͷˣȻ֪ⶫ
Ҳ˵ʵҲ֪ŷҹǺЦЦ
ϴͱ˽ˣҶֵܣͰæһҲʼ˽
Ȼϴֵ֮ĳƺȲǸŷԵø𾴣һ˸о˵Ĺϵһ
ǺǣҾָһ°ɣⶫֻܴԼң˺ܰﵽæŷҹŲֻǵĻ۵һĳ̶ȣټһǰľģҿ϶еͻƵ²Լ𣿡
ôһ˵ǰüͷⶼĶĶ
һǰľģ϶еЩ¾Լˣ»ǳȵĶ
˵һҪ˵ôסŷҹƺܲͷ˵
ۣ
һ˳ԭԭ°£ģޣ
൹õ鷽סԶһӶקˣʱһͻƵĵرˡġ֣ͨһ˵ϡ
鷽һ
ԭˣģ֪ҲڰŰɣ鷽ŶԷ˵ĻΪŷҹǹ˵ģ֪֮󣬶Լ
תҲԣֶ˻ҴţÿĺĳԱԲ᲻֪ĸǼϣĸ岻ԼļԱΪԽԽã
ôһ룬ҲԼˣֶĻԼô֪ܲء
ҲѾȥٹעˣ˰죬һֵûУ׷ʱ䣬һء
鷽Ҳܻػ񣬲˵Ļ⡣
ŷϴҲ̫˰ɣô˵ҵҩʲôҲûмӰЩƵ˵ΪŷҹʲôĵرϧᣬһʱһξͲˡ
ԭǱһѣͻˣһҪˣǺǺصġ
˭˵ûӣҲǸ𣿸˵ģŷҹȻ˵
ȷʱŷҹôһ˵̾;ԼͻƵĻģԲŻ᲻һеسϡ
ǣҩﾹȻʲôҲûмӣΣհľУ
ҩ˵ҩΪӰô죿ŷҹԷܿƵӣǷʵ
һҲԣҩ˵ģ϶Ҽʲô
˵Ҳصĸˣ᲻֪ĶһߵҪ԰ɡŷҹɫ˵ΪҶ֪ԲŻˣñ˸ģҲ׾ģһΣһ㻹ôˡ
ͷһһŷҹ˵Լ˶Ĵ֮˳ͻƣò˵ĵȷǸģҪû֮ǰŷҹĻڳ޹ʱ򣬾Ѿǰһˡ
ΪŷҹԼĶ˷ˣͬʱҲŷҹһ⣬Żƴһԣͳɹˡ
ŷҹһٸһҩ˵Ҹأ֮ͻƣ϶ǲˣϹһεһλţ㵱ɵ
ǿͻƺΣհ߲Ƕѭ򽥽ܼһ⣬صġһ˵
ʵҲô˵ˣŷҹûк˼Լ˳ɹͻˣڷȥֶԷǾԵЩ˱ˣû뵽ǰ⻰˵˳
ȻҪѭ򽥽ȻǺǡŷҹЦܸܲȣҾ˵ûаΪѭ򽥽ûȫûдﵽͻƵı׼ٸģҲһͻƲˣ൱ΣգҲȥԡ
ȻֲõʱŷҹûиԼ϶Ĵ𸴣ֻľеĻŪһҩԼҲȥˡ
˼ǣѾﵽͻƵı׼ֻΪһֱ̫СˣԲŻͻƲˣҲɵˣʵ̶ֳȵˣ˭ʵɵӣ̾еĹϡ
̫СһȻѾ㹻ˣǼγûн֮󣬾ͻֹͣȥҪͻƣǿ൱ѵġŷҹ˵൱֣أһȻѭ򽥽Ҳһ٣ѣһһΣնܲˣֻȵͻƾ磬עֻܹƽˣûйעһͺȡ̫ĳɾͣҾͰһѣպôҪԼˡ
ˣͷ
ҲףΪʲôŷҹֻƭҪվʵŷҹ˵õȷǺܶԣһιעһͻƳɹܷųɹû̫Զ̫Զ
ôһֱȥ֪ҪòܵءԭȱòʵĻֻƴһսĺ
ǡǡŷҹССĻԸģһٳɹֲ˵ͻƣȻкܴĹŷҹġ
ûԣҲûͻƣҲǻָ֮ǰصΪѡ
ԭҲˣŷϴ󲻹ʺãĵ棬ȷǱҪǿö࣬Ժָ㣡Ͽҵ˵
ˣŷҹЦЦ
ŷϴͻƵʱ򣬸оΧͻȻˣѵҲŲĻþͻȻʵ
磬¶Ҳԣͻƹ鲻ͻƣ˸ٶҲӿ찡
ȿȣΪܵİóŷҹˣԼķ˳ɣϤ֮ǾͿЩĹˡ
˶ˣŷҹһӣȻŪ˰ߺķСռˡ
ⶼһģ
ǰ۵ʱ򣬱һ֣ٶǺǣҲպˣŷҹһӵķ䣬ǫ˵
꣬ǲ˰һŻҲöõʱ䰡ҪǶ֪ҪһʻһҪעģǶΪӡˢӡƭ˵ء


262 һ
պϣٶȻдպϣûгʶⳣʶ൱պϰ
ʵҲûпƷֻ˵ģһЩĴܣ˵ƷҲǸǳ鷳Ḷ̶ֳ́Ūһܴؼһ㶼Ϊߵˡ
һƷܵˣλҲȥ˻Ҫϡһ
˵ƷĹйأʲôƷģ˵ĿζҲǺܵͨĹƲ䡣ĹƺУƷʦɢޱɵģЩֻǿ䡣
ô˵ֶŪôŷҹ˵һﰡ
˵ŷҹΪ̸ɱظֵս͵ƷֶΣ֪ˣ˲Ű
ظӵ˲ţŷҹƷº;ظ֮ѡĻЩظ־
ôһصˣֻҪƻúãҲܰѾصĸˣԾƷʦʵ̫ǿܸɴʵȴǷ츲صġ
֪ģòֻ˵Ʒˣһ֪֣Ҳɵˡ
һֵ׷ţʱ׷ŵʵҲһΣû˸ȥ׷ŵùͷˣȹ֮һĵλ
ڶƷʦǳڵɣֻǴ˳֮׷žѾʼ˥䣬ѾЩҪӢһ˳ˡ
Ҳ֪ƷʦǲǱһˣֻȺɶѡ
ԴɳƷʦԺɵʵҲǽһڸѾʵ֮׵ĵλŹҲʵǿģɵʵûһ˸ٻˡ
Ȼ˵Уƽ˭ҲûпŷֶڹֵҲǺٳֵġһӿһӣ뵽ӡˢ·ˡ
ڰ֮ٿôһѷʱֵ˿ͻȻĸо
ô䣬ӦòɣҪôĶͻȻ۵ĸо
ͺǱһ⵰ͻȻǮҪˬһѣǷеĵطֻҪһٷҪʱ᲻õ̬Ȼ
ܹþͲˣĶͬСɣǿɲܴ⣬һСľͽˡŷҹȷǲҴ⣬Ҳˡ
˲ɿЦʣµķղصͷǱˣŷҹ˵δعǿ϶ǲԣ
ô䣬֮һͷ۵⡣
ô䣬һһݣҲǱɣüͷʵ
ðŷҹȻشȻһдָ
ûаһ۶ˣǰǴǴûмôеɢޡ
еʱǶɣŷҹһɢޣ֣һǿɵֵ֧ĸ
ŶҲǿԽŷҹ΢΢ͷ
ôһѵŷҹָ죿ǿҲ̫˰ɣ
ǻû˵Ҳû˵˭ֶģԾɵţҲһдָ˵ֶǹʱģѾûʲô˻ˡ
ǻҲɵĵӶң˵ƿռָĴˡڴ˵еҲ֪ûⶫ󼰵ġ
ŷҹԥһ£ǿѡһ°ĻɫͿʽͲԵúѿˡ
ȥ׷ð۹ŷҹĵ٩ʾ
û֮ǰݵĳ羴֮Ƕŷҹ̬Ҳ˺ܶࡣҲ֣ŷҹʵҲϲָ߸ϣǵϼһӲĹϵҲ͸ֵһĶԻˡ
ǺǣЦЦûĬСŷҹһӣСֱȥɣȻ󣬵װʲôģͦ㡣
뷴ûĬУŷҹЦеǻûгڣ̾ͱŷҹӹĶֱˡ
ҿǴָϴϴ󰡣һץסŶʱȵñ˴ֿڡ
ϴҪŮ˵Ļһ޸㣡ֱӵرŶŷҹľ
ٶңŷҹ亹ֱ

оһ´ָԼı֮װȥóóװȥòֺ
ؿǵ˿ָˣָ˵Ҳװżǧŵķ䣬˵ƾҲһôķ䡣
ŷϴָٺ٣㻹ûˣЦʵ
ô㻹ҪһУŷҹʵ
Ǹ˼ǺǣĹָ֮ϴҪеĻ
˵Щྰ˼ҲǱˣʵռˣָҪˡոŷҹֻ˵Ҳû˵͸ˣǽȻеġ
ˣǸûмӣôҲƾĸְŷҹЦ
ٺٺٺ٣һɵЦ
˵û棬Цƾ֣ӦҲͷһˡ
ˣЩֵ˰أǽĹİվٴһ֡ŷҹ˦ӹһֽǾҪϤһֽϵķȥ֮⼸춼ҪϤһϵ⣬ʱⶫ;ȷһС
ʲô󰡣һЩԻʵ
ǰǺܸӣǺµӡӵ
Ȼìܣȴû˵ŷҹⷨѾǴӴмҵһϰĽˡ
Ҫ벼󣬲˶ҪоտĽΪ̫ˣ⼸ˣҪ˵ܴģҲŷҹһˣҪýǿ϶ˣֻ䣬ýĶҳһ
Ȼ󣬺࣬Źˣϰһ£ӦûǿܷӳӦеЧģٶԸһЩӦǲʲôˡ
粨󡣡ŷҹߣѽָĳˡ֡
ô˼ֻҪһ֣һƬѹƣһܵ̾ܽӵķļ֧Ԯɽ鱬һ㣬ûһǾ޴ĳиĶһҲ̾ͻûڴһĺ
ҲҪ˰ɣ֮
ô죬ͷôмֵһ⣿Щӵؿ
ҲЩ˼ˣͼֽ̫ӣĵλԱȴûбȷʵǸոտס
ǻ鳤붪ӣؾһ䣬˵ͿˣֻûʶѣѾˣŷϴ㣬鷽࣬һĸˣô죿
ۣһڣֱ׳ر˻ȥ
ӴԼˣæʶԼ⣬ʱЩ
⣬»ҲûپŵСⲻţЩĵŷҹǸŷϴ֮ĶԹһ仰仰ܽ⿪ģȻŷϴ֮ǰҲѾôǣĻܸӣ˻ĻȫųºֵĿܡ


263 һ
λ˵ֻܵͣ˲õȻǲκ֪
Ҳ΢΢ͷ⵹Ǹ⣬ŷϴò˹
ŷҹҡͷ˰ɣƾҲ˵ܵ˵ģûв´쾩ǵΣɱˣҪȻҲҶ߶æˣ˵ģǲǣҲһܵңܲܽĹ֮ǰҪϰɣ
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û׼ûʲôһˣǲŽгء
Űɣһֲ߷Ƥ£ʲôǶܿõǷҪȫö࣡ŷҹ˵
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ⷨҲǿһ۾ӦõģڲץʱʱĹԼˣǻûнȥأǿɾͶ˴ˡ
ڶ죬鷽࿴˴ѵķʱҲǱһ£ѾڽЩ;ˡ
Ȼû˵Щʲô˵ģǺԣóôˣֻŷҹˡ
ѵƷô鷽ﾪȡ
ŷҹȥɰֽʱѾڻɣǾ쿪ʼҲܻôɣ
ʵǲ֪⻹ֻеһֶѣֻÿһݶѣҪǰ˵ȫóǲء
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鷽ȴǷֹŶԷ϶ǲԼЩ̫࣬ñѧȥ˾ͬʱѧһЩĶǺȤģֻһƤëԼԺʵҲкô
رԼŷҹǶͷ˽һЩı£պлԸĻǾ͸ӵӦˡ
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ֹ̫ۣǽĹѨ֮ǻʱ仯ģҲôռ䣬ǰŲһֻܸݵΣһλǴҵĽȣǸֱ仯ŷҹ΢΢üͷ
ҲǣⷨУһ֪Ҫﵽ֮ľĬֱ̫ˣҪ˵Ϊ˼ͬڱ˵ΪˣһλĹѨǾ͸˵ˣ䣬ӵڲ󣬵ʱȥλܲ߳ڵЧ˵˵ʲôĬˡ
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ŷҹ˵һϡĻĻܽһ£һµûУû˵
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Ҫб¶ǸﻹҪ󣿡鷽ڲм˵һ䣬ְ׳յж˭Уõһֱ˵
ŷҹͷͬ⣺ǵ̫ѧᣡ
ۣ
鷽ǱˣҲǱһѪ꼰㰡˵ŷϴ̧ܣôֵҲأ
ķûУȻãǾֻһ˵ָˣĸ˱Ϻţ˭ƶ˭ƶӦֻôһ취ˡŷҹ˵
˭ָӣ鷽ܵʵ
ָȨһֱǺģ֮ǰͲ̫鳤Է֮󣬾͸Ӳˡ˭뵽Ȼһŷҹ
⻰һʳ̾͸оΧһɹɿ׳յ۹ⶼ඼ûվһ߶
鷽̿ˣǰԼôͰ׳أ¶ŷҹָӣ˭ʸ
ԼλãȥָӱˣԸҲûһ㡣
ŷҹòεǰ˼ǽͱŰɣһţ鷽ţţĺţҺʱֱӺźǰƵĲҵ¡


264 һж
ãҲҪܳЧﲻĻ֪ĹĶ᲻ἱ
Ĺû֮ǰܻд⣬ĹˣҪٳʱǶӡ棬ɾͲ̫ʵˣô˵ҲǸǧˡ
ڿʼɣŷҹ˵
һǰǰģǰ
һָŷҹ﷢ԼĶҲû˿Ӱ죬ÿζԼͬʱѾѸָ֮俨øոպã˶ò̾ŷҹļҪôڡ
ʵҲʶİȻҪһ˰Ҫÿ˵λãǲףϾԼУʱʱĸһ۵ףʶһж⡣
ֻҪһɨ˷еһУԺȫֱֳ۾Ҫס
˺˼֮ҲǴΪԾȻֻ֪ŷҹֹǶԷ˳Ǹе˲˼顣
ǵĽչҲͱÿȻϿǵϻ㲻޷죬ЩؽϻЩͣǱ֮ǰ߲һƵϣȴҪõ̫ˡ
һȻҪ鹦ŷҹָˣŷҹ۾ָӵٶȣɼԷⷨϤʲô̶ȡ
ܺãٶȻ죬ǽĹѨﵹܹһˡŷҹ⼸εҲȽ⡣
ֻһ£Ȼ⻹ǲ̫գǻʴˣŷҹ˵ôûġ
һѾܲˡŷҹȴûôۣҪһʧʱڸǲܵģôһֱȥ
ҲͷȱľʱˣȻɹĻ᲻ǰٷְ٣ôǵİȫϵǸ˺ֻܶ࣬ҲҪһˡ
ģ˵һԣֻ˵ܲܰĶȫˣֻҪһܱϣԼİȫûġŷҹҶһٴеӣɵ
Ŷ˶ǰһ
ܱ֤ԼİȫѾǼˣֻҪԼЩû£˽ȥһ֮˻Ϥһ£ȥһôƺҲǸѡء
ɣ˭Ҳ֪Ķʲô̶ȣǴһҲһĶƵ˵ġŷҹ˵
粨һַŴķֻҪ˺Ӧõȫһǰ˵ϵһ֮ĵ
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׼һ£Ͼͽŷҹ˵
ĹѨﶼһƬ˵ߵĿǲͨģ԰»£ûʲôֱΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ŷҹֱѡʱ䡣
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鷽Ҳûа취Ҳòֶָ͸ԷãҲףΪʲôˣҲûָ߼ģȴռָˡ
ֱŷҹڿۣʱһָ֮ףԭŷҹǸֶֻһ
ָŷҹҲ˵˵ģֻǽ裬ɲͣǲһġ
ҲŷҹһõĴָˣŷҹСֶֻĶǱ͸˭ԣҪ͸ĻһֱҪԵˣȻǲԸġ
ٴҲ͸ԼˣûҪԼĳʵ
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ܵ˵ŵרþٰ취ûܴĹˣŲѡı취ֻû뵽򿪴ţȥ֮ˣһȫ档
Ҫ֮ǰЩʱڷסӻ֪Ҫ
ŷҹ⼸ٴѾǵڶˣȻ·˿ǸӡĹѨڣҲǸпǧǰҲǲˡ
ŷϴǽȥɡ˵
áŷҹͷʾѶڴ򿪡
ҲûԥһȭȥǱýʵʵĶ̾ͱҿשһء
û˿ͣһ˳룬֪ǵݣΪǼֻӴԳ˽ȥء
ֻΣǰŷҹ
һĹѨ֮󣬼̾ͰڿΣŷҹ֮⣬ǶѾһˣȻûǶĻ֪ġȻһĹѨҺڰޱȣǵطȴĺܴԵЩտˡ
ֵطΣһⶼûС
ʵϷ粨۵ôܲ£ֻǵط֮󣬸ЩϤʩչѡ
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ϴֻһܵ˹һڼ֮󣬾Ȼûһ⣬ûУ֮ǰĶǼٵһ
ʲôҲûСŷҹʵ˵
ʶֻ֮һɨܸ̾κζɨ鶼ûҵκεĶɼǿˡ
ʬ嶼ˣ˵֮ǰŶ
ŷҹﲻֹĵʲôְ˵ģ
Ǳ޶ŵˡ鷽һķ
ȻĹߺڰ˼κζЩȻ⣬ȻҲŷҹʶףǶԷĴ±ȴܿó
鷽ǶļЦԷ֮ǰǱƵˣûжĵطȻųԼˣװô
ļ֣ٴĹѨˣĶȵŷҹָֻŵġ
ŷҹûмƽ鷽ķ̣ڲ˵ʱ򣬡ﰲȫɲҲһȫ
ŷҹţĹѨɲֻһģվĵطֻһͨѡ
ʵŷҹİ֮󣬲û鷽ɣǸ
֪һǳʲôʣĻҲӦܵϴֹŶԡʲôҲûУЩܵȥˡ
ȵһŷҹ˳ͨһĹǽظ뿴ﶼЩʲôмֵĶ
ҲһʧˣʲôûУһƷûз֡
ǱĹ˹ˣܶ˶ôţǾеĹҲܰЩͱصƷȥɣ
ܰһĹѨɨյĵĹҲǲ̫ʵɼҹļĹʲôûС


265 ޴ĿĹ
һ޴ĿĹ
̾Ͱ뷨ˣжˣٲȻ֮ǰЩ˵ôͣ
СһԽĶ־ͻԽǿ󣡡ŷҹʱظš
ÿﶼһʺţŷҹ㹻ΣԵһʱͼ˾裬⻰ҲѡУޡ
ֻ鷽ȥЩм˵ˣȻίȫظŷҹʵϸҪĹѨʲôΪõϢɲһĹ
ӹ˵ŷҹǱһӵ̬ȣȻĻôġ
鷽Ҳֻôһ£ڶЩΪʲôʱôŷҹȶﾹȻһĹǿˡ
ôŵʱٶȾͲɵؿмҲŷҹΣԼٶȣѣֻܽŷҹģѾˣʱûлŷҹֻʱȸԷάŹϵ˭֪֮ᷢʲôء
Ȼôţ鷽ľѾͣȫûзӡ
ǰ
鷽ãȻǰţߵĹ￪ʼаڷһЩϡŹֵǷһĶҪʲôʱȴͻȻŷҹ
ָŶʡ˲Ҳ鷽ޱƵһ㣬ովôŷҹšһ·ŷҹǲǹôһŶҪȻΪʲôǶţƫƫ
ǰǷλڷǾͲ˵˼ǲƶֻǳǸλһŷ
ⱾһΪ鷽עȫȻȻһʱˣȫûӦ
飡
޴֮Ȼײ鷽࣬Ӷײһ
鷽ǷӦˣߵıܻǺǿģһն˹ȥֻϧĽն˿մһûκε㣬ûն۾ҲȻκ˻
ʱ޴ϢȴǳͻȻһһһӰѰһ˲ֱĸо

޴룬֪ҪôӦԵʱ򣬾ͿһڰбһһҲһ˹
ҪҵĽ
鷽ߵţŷҹ뾡˰취ԼԼȱֶֹסȻٶһ֮Ϊ˾ˣѲֻܰѷԼŷҹôܻȥƽϡ
뵽˵ģҲֻؿŷҹԼļıʩչܶȫûֹĿܡ
ΨһϣڳĸˣȫŷҹǱ߶ģһ۾ܿóͲָǣ˵˱ŷҹϣԼһء
ϣ˲ѾˣΪʱһ
ǰһǰǰ
ŷҹɵطûע⵽鷽ѾסϾͻᱻˡ
ɱڣɱڰ
鷽ŭŷҹκھǰʹҲ첻ˡ
࣬ȻҲûоǳ⣬ǲԼҵǲѾԼŮôڴѻûͷһ򣬾ѾԷ
ʵ鷽ˣ֮ûоһŷҹԭ鷽Լû⵽ĪĹʣǼǴʱҲ½ĻҲ̾Ͼ˳ŷҹ˵ķ򹥻
˵࿴鷽ʱŷҹѾճȥˣ಻ԼİΣȥȣ컹ܵÿ죬뵽
֪ȥȣҲѾеˣԼΣգͷ̾ѡҲ׵ŷҹȥ
ˣ鷽ֻĻš
ʵڲؿԼȥκҪ۶ܣһ̾ȻȫˣƤһ

һһӴɨȥŷҹ׷ʱеƫˣԲû鷽
ֻôһ˲䣬鷽ͻȻһҵĽ֮ĸоҲûˡ
Ӳ鷽ԼˣŸòԶҲˡ
ŷҹҲе˽ĸоϾո鷽ֻһʧȻŷҹֱһŷȥˡ
Ҫ֪Ƕһ²һ鷽ûзʱ򣬸һŷĻ鷽Ҳͱɻˡ
ֻҲֻôһ£Ҫôָŷҹŷҹ⼸䣬ŷҹ鷽֮䣬ǵƽǺܼͦصŷҹǱ߶һ붼ԥġ
ǵչ֮Ҳŷ֣Լˣոյ뷨ֻԼЩ˶ѣŷҹûҪɱ鷽
Ϊγɵһû鷽壬ֻǱԵλŶԷҲǲֹһοЧǻǿһ̶ķΧҲûпȥƽն
ŷҹȴúܾȷһȥֻǸոյ鷽ߣһҽУɼ౻յˡ
ôһ鷽ȻѣȻܼ򵥣κһȥ϶ֻʣһѺڻҡ
飡
ڼŵʱУķֱε
ӴҶŷҹжҲûʲôˣǲɻΪʲôǵ۾ʲôҲŷҹȴô׼ȷذֶȥ
ҪܿĻⶫҲͲôѲˣ
ֻʱҲûʱȥǶһٶʮ־׼һս
鷽Ҳò֮ǰŷҹĲԸȫעŶԷڵһʱ
û취˭Լ۾ڶأֻǿԷˡ
ԼҲ鷽ôοԼ͵ǰѶԷѵѣԼãôŻԼܵ
ôŵʱŷҹѾٴν鷽ֵǣЩȫû¶ͺովѾһȫѾˡ
һǰ壬ǰǰ壡
һҷĺ
ڼţ鷽ֻãȻؿţһʼǾһѾԸˣȴһɵһֻ󿴿ҿȫû¶
һһķĺķ
һֵû鷽ѾڻԼͷһʱȻ֣ڵĶѾȫˡ
֮ǰǰģƽױһ£˵СˣٿѾмλã⵹ûʲôȥǸһŷҹµһɾʹˡ
ķȻǳŷҹԼȻûԼǿҲ֪϶ҲҪԼķһġ
أ
鷽󾪵ʣŷҹǲǰλø©ˣϾô˵£εĹһڼ©һҲҪȻոΪʲôûɱԼǿѵıɱᣬˣ˵ʱòҲԹŷҹϾԼȲܵ˹ŷҹŻġ


266 εĹ
ŷҹĻظܼ򵥣ȫû鷽ƿĴ㡣
Ƕƶƶĺ룬Ǿζ㲻Ҫƶ鷽ŷҹˣڴҿɶվһȦҹ
ŷҹظ𰸣˼Ҿ㲻վﵱӾͳˣ
Բۣ鷽Ǹ빤ıɱҲô۸˵İôһԼЩδ֪ĹԼҲԺһôĻˣֱԼ˵ɱԼôҲ̫۸ˡ
֪ˣŷҹովһҪôƫˣҪôһɱԼԣôģĸһһԼ˹
˿̵鷽վһޱĿλãĸһһǰΧм䣬ȻͿһֱ𶼳˹
鷽ڿһѾˣŷҹʲôܣûôɵñվĸճɻҡ
һмļнȥѡҲеģŷҹǸԼгͲ˵ˣΪ˰أԼҲ˳ָۣ᲻Լһ¡
Լˣ϶ѡ񿿽ʣҪԸԼæҲӦù
ոһ͸оǰײһ£һ֮굽ȥ
ںһһžȻεĶͼһ֪˻ˡ
һεһɲŷҹյģ֮࣬ǰѾѷ׳ȥˣԼҲ֪ʲôǴ֮ǰǲŷҹ˵ģܵùȫǲ˼͸ȥˡ
Ȼһ鷽ҲûбȥֿͷϿûʱյǽһ졣
Բۣ鷽û뵽ԼһôǱҲ˲ȥʲôŷҹͱģֲֻͣĴԼԴҪѻϨ
ʱҲ̹һεĹ֣ʱҲڿиŹͣǱֵס
ŷҹʱѾżɳסĹֿٰΧһεĽңǹֲûܳȥˡ
ͣŷҹüͷ
Ҿͣ˭Ҳûٶһ¡
ҪܣΣŷҹ˵
鷽Ƥ˶ܵңҪż˵ķҸٲܣɵ
İɣҲⷨ㡣ŷҹ񿴳˶Էʲô̹Ȼ˵
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鷽һ£ϸһ룬⻰˵ȴҲûа취
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˶СŷҹָҲȻɣ鷽Ǳߵǲٵңŷҹ׵ȥҲľͰ
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׾Ǵǰ׷ǿˣҲߵһ֣ڵ׹ţҲǴǰŵĴˣֻ׷ˣٿЩа׵УŵˣôһǵĹѨȻôȣ֡ŷҹҲɻ˵
ʵ׷ٿеһ֣ǰ֮һɢֲ뿪ֻڲٿߵָ֮£ͬһĶɱΣ׷ӦʧˣŷҹҲֻǸոմӼҵ
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ĵǣ֮ܰȾ۵Ĺˣ֪ʲôͷ᲻Ҳһֻ׹
ϴ˵ĹܿһֻӼǧǰһֱͻڵģʵ֪жǿĴף֮ͻȻ뷨
ʵӦҲ̫ǿŷҹܽҪǿĻԼֱ뿪ˣĹѨ


267 յŵ
һ˵ţһǰߣѾˣֻҪŷҹڲãǾ˵һ·̸йͿԷĴ󵨵ˣҲǼܽһĬˡ
·Ȼ࣬ʱһĹҵսܺϰСʱʱ䣬һͷʱ򣬸ǲܵġ
ܵǣŷҹѾ˵һ·һȶû©ȫնɱϵġ
һҲͲõʲô·⣬һʲôѶԸ飬·κε൱൱൱Ҫġ
ˣȫѾ˿ǸͲԼӣֻҪŷҹĻǰˣ׷Ȼٴǰ
ĻȻ൱ЧҲŷҹָ£˶ô޴ãЩƺܶ඼Ǳŷܸɵġ
Ҫһ㣬ŷҹָӾԵñز١
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ò鷽ѾжϳһεȿҪˣոҪŷҹʹʲô˼ԷѾ˷һŴȡ
˵ŷҹ˵ɵֻҪöĻǾ˵ʲô˼һ·ϵֵزˣҪٹΥȥ鷳̾ͻᱻǷ֣ʱָô״ϾҲƾˣΪ˽ѹһ߶Żıɱ䣬ɾʹˡ
һսӿʼ鷽ڼȵìжȹģҪҸᣬǷԼһһѾŷҹˣ˵ԼͻȻ˻ˣŻжϣǣ˭Ű
ƴŷҹָӵĶҲȫ֪ܲݺŷҹ˵׼Լȥǰľٶ֤ҪȻҲ˰
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ŷҹôһ˵ҲӦȵȷǱ֮ǰˣʼһܱȵϡ
ѵǺû᣿鷽üëʵ
ʵȻ֪գֻǹôһʶѡ
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ŷҹҲôϾԼƾݣҲǿ䣬ĿŵغȻƾﶼ˵ȥ
鷽ҲûоֻܾղŵЦӣطǰš
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ǰʮ壡
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ÿһ̾ͻźĴ󲿶ӣظȥԷĳʲô
鷽Ҳƣ֮ǰæţһеõۣڱƺҲûʲô¶ˣֻһƵģȻɨһҪһ顣
һ̫˵ģʵһŷҹüͷҲԽԽ
һ·ʶȻһȶ⵽ʲô
ȣҲֻڴмҵ֣ǾֶӰΣһ֮⣬ʲôûУҲǲ֪
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ʵϣ鷽νҪʲôǰ棬ҲȷǺ⣬СӴʼնûٷһˡ
ͣ
鷽ҪǰȥʱŷҹȴˣʹѾ׼ȥθס
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ߣƺѾû˱·ô˵һĹңͻյŵˡ
仰˵ûҪĶǾŷҹҲԸˡ
ڣŷҹѾ˵һͣ˵鷽Ҳͣûͣٵس˹ȥôãΪһһ
ŷҹȻֹΪֱոŻ֣ᷢĹʶ֮Ȼܵ޴ƣȫûа취ŷҹ˽ʲô
ŷҹŴһȥŷĹұ֮ǰĿռҪ࣬ûаڹķƷһۿȥĹԵЩյġ
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֮ǰŷҹȻӦĹȴѽݺݵһ£ʼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ˣ񽣴ǾűУ˫Ĵ
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ҿǰľ󶼴ˣȻǹߣ˭ּĳ棬һһŹâңңԣĹҳеޱأһ̣Ҷûȥ룬Ĺײ˯˭
ס֣
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ס֣
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ȴһĹâ鷽һ˼һ·ȻŷҹûһжǰͰ£ʵѹر
һ·ŷҹıȻóԷʵɶԷԽǿԽûףҵˣ˵Ѿ鷽Ůˣպŷҹ綼վڶϣԼʵӣŷҹվڶ棡
ЩͷƤĸо
ǿǰ񽣵ʱ۾ҲͬһͻȻ鷽ѡ񣬻񽣣ʵͿһ̨ףӶսʤŷҹҲ˵Ͼ˵еޱȵġ
󺰵ʱȻûк鷽һĳ嶯Ҫ񽣶棬һöĹ
ȻһĹѨӾǱȲ񽣣Ҳȥ
ЩѾһǻ鷽һӽŷҹ˶Ѿ롣
వһϧŷҹŻûֱ£ֻøŽȥŻ㡣


268 
Ƿˣ鷽ûУܲ˵Ծȥһץסǰ񽣵ĸ߸ϵĽһ£ȻûаѽõѾ˿һ
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һ׸ЩˣԼڣǲǶ֣Ǿ治˵ˡ
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ŷҹһѾȻ֮ǰɲֻţΪԷһҲ˲٣ֻûиˣֻء
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269 ܵʹ
ǰʦȻŵ״ǵĽžʲôŻؼɵɱҹشŵ
ʲô˲ҪҪǣܻ˵ɣǽܻϷ߱Ҳپûõģڴ׵ǰκصֶΣܵõƺţһ̣Ѿôˡ
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ŷҹͻȻһղ侹Ȼǳ̣ǳ˰ҪץסöɫĹӡ
䷺ɫĹâһ˲ͬʱըǿŹΧסһת֮󣬰бÿտҲҲû˹ӵĺۼ
ɶ񣡡ţϵİ̶÷ǲоɱзӡýƻСӣ˵ӡʲôطҪ˺飬ܾ˼һܵʹࡣ
ŷҹȷǱһ˵̾ͱÿ϶漴˷벻һæȻܰ׬ˣҪ֪ǰ¶ұˣҲһҵһ
ϷԿǷŹһ·ָһЩŵľΣƺڸŷҹ̸С
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ŷҹɫ˱䣬˵ʲôǱߵ鷽һҽУŷҹǰһξʧһ˿˿ƶ鷽굽
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ŷҹѵ³ȻŷҹֻϧʱѾҪȫûˡ
ŷҹȻûŷҹߵĴ㡣
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ȴ˼ǧ꣬ôһĻᣬôûˣ˭Ҳ᲻ܽܣҪ˵Ļ°˱ڶġ
ǵ۵ϣҲû̫ûа취ֻҲʱ鷽ŷҹһսѶԷϵõ˵顣
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һףǸʱ״̬ŷҹԷҲΪԼͲǶ֣Ȼ֮ǰҲֻ㣬һ¶Ӳˡ
С֪ûа취ѽôԼĹΪãΪľѵһ£ѽĹ˶ɱǵò˵ֻнţɫʦִĽ੣
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׵ȻǿõģһǰᣬĹȵеԼϣٽҩƸȻһӾͻصԼ۷ʱڵʵҲһӽ۷Ϊ
Ϊںڣʵ̫ˣǸȫˣպΪҲٻص۷ʱڵĳ̶ȣܲǶδ֪֮
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һǸаףҲǵŵĴйһЩаŵϢڣаױһŵӻҪѲ
һŵӻֻǻа֮䣬ЩÿÿԼΪȷ˵һĹΧ𽥵ǿˣٵرùĹģǲÿֱɣոɾͨںϵǿڴײλ׵
֮ǰŶʧǺǽʱһĹͷûпɼǰ˵һֲʣøѹե˳ȴҲ֪⼸ǧжܰһֱûȥ
ֶμȸҲݶһõóġɴҲܿǰ̶ȣһԼò˵Ľﵱ衣
ǰڱŷҹƻˣûܹ֪ŷҹӡʲôطȥ˵ǻָˡ


270 ң
壬ͱ׼ﲻᣬѾǸҵ飬Ҫôһ⡣
ڵҲŷҹҪö࣬ǰ⼸ضûдﵽСܱȵġ
ǱײôΪڻлųȥϣ𣿡鷽˿̵ıɲ˭ҲܿóԭǸѾû˿ĹϵӦѾȫˣһȺСϣ͵űɰɣһҵǺǣǵлһСӵķݶϣ˵ҪҪǿһЩʱС֮⣬ҿԸһȫʬ
ȫʬʬ˵ǴǰЩһȫûʬ壬Ѿû˭ȥƽˣˣټƽЩʲô
ʱ˵Ŀⶼŷҹϣ˵ڻһ˿ϣԼһ˿ϣ϶ŷҹϣ֮⣬Ҳû˭б´ͻƳȥˡ
ңǾԣӲɱΪ̫ϣҧˡŷҹȴһҲûнľڼǸϼһŭ
һƬ鷽ˣ˵ѹģϾҲɷ򣬵ʵһ˲ѹԼʮһǱҵ
Ȼ鷽˫޵ķ޹ϵʵȴûַ޵ĸоһжֻΪǿʵ˵׻ΪңԼ뷨Уһж˵㡣
Ҳ൱һˣ鷽ȻΪ˫޵ԭ򣬶ֹϵǲԷſʵĵλҲͽҵǿһЩǿһЩΪԼʵãϵһմ
鷽ˣֻԼҪֻҪžͺã鷽һʱǲպͿԵõˣ
ĻƾҲŤͷҸڵĵطˣο
һŷҹĻҪţ޲ܳȥְŷҹ͵Ǹڵġ鷽ֻù˸ˣԼЩ˷˾ͺá
ԼòһɵϣҪΪŷҹôŭԷˣǲ̫
ֻŮһҲûŷҹʲôҲ˵ǼҲһϣûС
ϣŷҹȴԹϣˡ
СӣԸˣҵǰһֶθ޼£ʹʹ彻Ϊõ壬ȵصǴ֮ʱҲͬҫ鷽ҲŶ֣оԵİŷҹЩһܲһ
ҫǺǣŷҹȴЦˣô˵ҲҪл㣬Ҫл˱ˣ
Сӵ쵹Ӳ鷽ЦţȴԲ֡
ǲǷ֣ѾܱˣŷҹЦЦʵ
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ô֪ұǽŵӣô᲻֪ܡŷҹ˿ؿŶԷѾõ߰񽣣ڽҲһԶԶЩаģԭʵǲܷӴȫʵҲҵֻּ֮󣬲ܱǧ֮ãҲ֮ԻѴﵱ񽣵ԭ򣬵鷽ҲԹѽܿϧһֻһĽɼ⣬ǸˣҲֻΪ˼ҵ֮ģΪһʯ֮⣬һöûˡ
㣡鷽û뵽ԼȻ˥̶ֳȣһˣȻ͹⿿꣬ʵÿ
֮ǰȻָļƻգָգû뵽֮һˡ
ȻǵǿĴףǵʱǻ۵һ֮Ҳû˵ĸģȴˡ
ⱾֵףŵﶼҫĴ£־أһԺ˼ûˡ
Ĺʱ򣬿û뵽ȾǱˣҲ˭˻÷ֱӸûУƨ
Զ֪ԼҵʵԼһΪʱǻ˴Ǯİ
أǰСٴֶθӡˣӡ㣡
ЩˣĴһȰԼΪָһ⼸˵
棬ʲôͨǷӲ˴ҲһɣȻһֱǸƷ
⻰Ҫԭ鷽ҪŶԡòһȻõԼҪ񽣣û뵽ûþ˶ˣǶ˥˲¶
׾ǲ⽣ҲһܰǼСӸɱƾǼСӣҲ׿⣬Բ鷽ȻҲܰգǴ˿ȴҲ˲ֻ̫࣬Űǰ⼸Сһɱ˵
˶鷽Ҳ֪Լ屻ռˣ˺ݺݱһҪ֪ôһŷҹģǰжԶܶԶ
ֻûа취ٺˣϼûԲƬҲûкҩԡ
ĴȻҲܣúܣڲǺжεʱ򣬶ǱҪǰ඼ɱȻѾĻĸֻǻӰϾ͵ֹȥԼ޾ڰһɾͲиĻˣ˭ôĸ׼ϴֶô
˵ˣôѸΪڵΪ˼ˣټù̫ΣԾԭŻعײܲܳŵù궼⣬οֻǳ˵εء
ǵװɣ鷽ٽϹ֮ʱĹ
ֻǵѽĹУˣ׷׶оһճԼΧۼţҪǶԭһ
ȻôҶЩʧɫһִ˵еǿߣû뵽еʩչԼЩСɫϣܲ˰

ʱһȰ˶һҷ׷״˸ѸٵطӦ
֮ǰѾ˹أŷҹÿ˵ıţжƣҾͰָֻһ֣Ȼ˵
ŷĶðɣ̫׳գ˭Ҳʵġ
˰ŷҹԼڣǵһʱͳѵķ䣬š鷽ȥ

Ⱥ𣬷֮һƬһԭҪòճĿǱɢ˲٣ķһš鷽ȥӲͲưոһ
ǶֻôױǵȻܣҪôĻŷҹҲͲôˡ


271 һָʾ
鷽ǸŴܷӳһ˿οڵĴ׶ᡣȻǴ߶ȴܹһЩġ
Ȼ鷽˷һо⡣
ŷҹ֪ҷһҲ֪ͬŵĵӲô׾ͱˣҪȻҲ߶ôͷˡ
˪Ƭİɫ⻪ʵһΧնȥһ˲ķȻʮȣÿһ˵λöĽ֮С
һߣҺߣĺ
һ˵ּֿڡ鷽ĽûնʱѾ˳
ܲùŷҹҲûаգһжֻܿԼΪͷӦˣģǾһпָЩ˳ȥ
ڡ鷽ǧǰĴǰ˿Ҵ⣬ԷȻʵȻСӵģֻҪһСģ˶ܻΪ׵ʳ
ڵ֮ǰͬˣڵĴѾȻһ˸е˥ǱϾҲֻҪⶫͲǰһڹײԳ嵽棬һеа׷ʵ
˵ֻҪһһȥҪץɾǧѣдƬͨ˶ܳΪĶ˭ܱ֤һﲻҳһٴζø
Щŷҹ֪᲻ᷢܵ棬иһֶѲȴǿ϶ġ
ΪŵӣǴֵģǸûκιϵ¶Ҳܷβο׵ľԼ
ҪţҪֹܳȥˣ仰˵ܰɱǲǽð취
ڵġ鷽ʲôʵŷҹҲжϣٲǾ۷֮£Ӧñ۷廹ҪѲһܹоһ㣬ӦΪʣµĲˣҪȻһҪɱˣҲһͲô鷳
ǿǸ徳ԶģԷͲøԼֱ̧֮䣬ܰԼЩ˱ˡ
ڵ鷽ǰĳп󲿷ֻŴĽһǺð˲٣ҲĻһѲչ鲻ԼʵֻҪӦԵõһ˿ĻŤת
ˢˢˢˢ
ĵӰš
ȻûŷҹѸ٣һҲǱ˷ǷǱһŷҹ߲Ƕһ
࣬ȻҲһҪȴôһ˿˿ľ룬Уǰ·гһĿӣʱһƬѩ״ⱻչ¶ɣƤҲгһĺӡȴոպûˡ
龰Ǻ޵ģֻϧڴҶʱ˭Ҳû˼ȥһۣ౾˶ûиܵһƴţȮڵȴһȴһָʾ
ǶŷҹжٵĺøУֻһ˭ԣŷҹĻԼӲȥʹӸոһܿó
Ǹոնˣ˵ķȴȫһʵ֤ΪǾԻᱻһɨ
ŷҹ˽£ȻԷĽɨʲôλöܼóǱԼûһٱ
ֻʱ鷽ɱˣҲûȥŷҹ˼ֻԽԽãֻһ߻ŵϣܳɹ

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һ֣˶һġ
ȻŷҹɣʱȻöȻ֮ǰԸʱֽжȣһоڼеȴȫһˣͺھƵ£ģֻǰ˵һ׳ŶҹȥһûиӾ˰취ˡ
ֻˣÿﶼ롣
˭ÿ˶漣ķ
ŷҹȴѾ¶Ҳʲô̫İ취ˡ
޿κ֮£ǵٶҲ˿ķӶš鷽ȥͬʱԼҲɿسźˡ
Ȼû˵˼ǾͿ϶жԶ˶Զˣţ˳Ĺ˵ڳ˹ĹôʰһҲûйȥˡ
ţȴҲܸо˺󷽵ı䶯һƬһܰе˶סҲֻ֪һ󣬶ԷֻҪһЩ̾ͻᱻֳ룬Ҫ˵ˣǲܵġ
ǰԸôھȻǽͷЩͷƭһһöˡ
ʱǶˣЩ˿¶Ѿԭأܶˣ˵ˡ
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ҪȻĻ˵ǣŷҹȵһɣҲֻﱻնɱķݶ
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ʶŷҹĽʱһһϰ˵ǻֻسڵʱʱܿŷҹĽ
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Ϊŷҹ£ǿ϶Ҳ£жϣܼ򵥣Ҳȷ
ȷܵԣʵʵⰡѾնͷˣֻǺȷжϳԼˣ⣡иã
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̧ʱһ˱Ǹ죬лóӰȻǰλöһ°ڡ

ײһȻǽնɱǡ鷽ѾǰҪǡһ顣
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ŷҹȻסԼȴûеֵµͬʱѾɳ֮Զ
ֵʱԼɵñ˭Ҫ죬ֻǲŸոһأ˲ڵƣ̾絯һڵһ㣬Ȼٴγ嵽ǰ档
࿴ŷҹšˡԼѾӶʱѾˣΪŷҹѾǡ
һŷҹ޷˵طʱֲΪԼղŵ뷨е졣
ֻԼܻŷҹȴ˿ûаɶֻ˵ˣոһȫֻˣȥ
ԼҲҵˣŷҹֻǶͷһͷȻ鷽ڲˣ˭Ҳ֪εѡΪһȥðֵķգҪǻһ˼ά϶ò㣬οŷҹҲ˵аյ£Ǿ͸ȥ˷ȥһ֪Ϊ˻ѵˡ


272 ĹѨ·ӡ
ŷҹôˣһת۵ĹԼȴڻŷҹǲҪԼܣǶˡ
˵ʵŷҹҪҪԱȻģ𼸸˶õòֻһΣҪֻԼһֻѾĹ⣬鷽ʱŷҹһˣǿҲǲܵģùֻǼʣµ˶ѡ
ߵʱŷҹٲһʲôƣܰѡ鷽ӡĹҲһ
ֺð취ŷҹȻˣѵû뵽
ŷҹߣǣĹѨ·ӡ
ŷҹû뵽ֻԸѾˣ˾
Ϊƾ鳤ںܶʱȷǱ˸һҲǰؾ磬۹˼֣Ҳ֪ԼȫŷҹһۣΪ˹˼ǵŷҹԼһܹӳˡ
ŷҹڵѡǶԵȴΪŷҹǣҲܸмѣ鷽ڳǲ֪ѣҪǵ⡣
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ҶһẦ˵ĻԼŷҹܰ·ӡҲһõĽ
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ϲǣŷҹƺûܵӰ죬Ȼܲš鷽ȥ
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ǵǰƺһâʲôҲûзһжֻǻþǰֻǹιһ硣
⽣鷽ȴѾ˷Ӧ۶ĿתؿŷҹУû뵽ýŵĵӣȻ˽ĽЦ
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ȻԽǺܶƺҲ˵ѽͷǿϹŸӰ˵һӰε񽣣û뵽Ȼŷҹ
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֮ǰŷҹ鷽ʱһĽǶΪŷҹѾȴԭ񽣰
ܰѺ⽣õֻ˶ԷһͷĵزɼŷҹѽҲһĳ̶ȣշģֻһͰ鷽ˡ
񽣣ǲҲתЩ˷ܵţϾľһ£һ¶˭Ҳɵӣû¶ġ
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Լӵóȥ˵ŷҹֻҪԼңѾڰæˣǲصʵŷҹԼ˼ΪǵʵһϣҲȫûð
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һȻǳ˵ģ⼸ҲоذԼǱ
ĹѨˣԼ£ôܷ뿪鷽еĴϣѾһȦѪɫĺ⣬ȥѾ֮ǰĸ߹󣬶øӹ
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ŷҹȻʾ⽣һӭϡ
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а׷ŷҹڴмҲûмȻȥӣܿʱٴš鷽ȥ
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ʱǵѪڿһ䣬һһţһ䶯֮󣬾ȻΡ

ڴ͵УŷҹǸһָʾģÿ˶һѷ䣬ǵѪӰ˳ȥ
һ˲ͰǵѪӰȥûκĵϧⲻǿ飬һлÿ֮ɱ
ŷҹϵģѪӰȻҲܵӰ죬ǼԺԲƣеĻѪӰ棬ֻһ㵭Ѫɫȥֻ˼΢СѣѾӰ쳹׸Ĩɱˡ
ˣŷҹѾ֪ǵڼ´ˣʱֵؼȡ
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ǷӦ˰ģתܵʱ򣬺ѪӰѾۿѾ
˿ɲܣܿɾǵƷˣεӦԵҲʱһѷ׳˳źԾȥ
еĶҲֻЩԵһѪӰĲԼĽڲȹչҪö١
һֻƴȥˣΪ˰ģһٶϸЩ΢СĲ죬ʱֵ൱ˡ
һƬȻ֪һ޷ˣֻǲŸոյõһɵĸоҪֹɱʵֱݵĸо
ѪӰѾȻĽŲǶԷٶҲವ׾ֱܷԷλá
ת׷νѾģ
ѪӰȻҲੵЦһƾЩССķ䣬ҲɱҵѪӰ
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ɫ԰ֽĽȻյúܽκֶǶģôȥԵУ
ಣ
ǰһ⻪Ĺââҫů̫ϢĻյһů


273 յĸо
ֹâǴģͿǰԶѪӰͻȻ϶һ󶴣̾ףǸոһâ̴ѪӰһģȻҲֻŷҹ
ŷ磡ڵﲻ֪ôģимΣģ
Լʼնûжŷҹֳ˿ǶԷֹؼʱ̣ȴȻûзûзΪԼգ
ոǵâѾʲôǺ⽣ŷҹԸ鷽࿹񽣡
Ϊ˾ŷҹȻԥؾͷѽԼһߵյأǴǰ鷽ЩˣȻԼо޴ĺôҲôΪԼǡ
ҵԼֻЩֵģֵز࣬ѾҲûκμֵ˵ֵּԶԶҵκΪա
ԭΪһӶᵽΪյĸоһ̣ŷҹİˣ˵ǵˣȻˡ
Ȼŷҹûи˿ĻӦ֪ⲻŷҹǸͲڳʱˡ
ʧȥ˺⽣ŷҹӵŴĴ׻ʲôѾ۽Ǳߡ
ʱӣŻȥŷҹһⱲҲᵽһ塣
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ŷҹĻڴȻһ֮ãڻˡ
ʱѾŷҹ¶һѽһѿȥѾˣֻʣ²һСصĶϽ
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ûãٿŷҹһۺȻתȥسųڷȥ
أﾹȻнŵ񽣴УôܣŵĽǵУô˴ڣ鷽ѶϽ֮ԶԶЩʶҪþȡ
ŵĽΪʲôУŷҹȻõ˴УǱϾʦڵģкܶصĶ˵һЩʶ⣬ڸ˼ǧ֮Ҳûа취֪
ǺǣýŵĴеӣȻ⣬ûеõ𣿡鷽ƺһʮЦ⣬ʱЦЩʧ̬ӹ񣬻ûһѽŵĽõģûУ
ŷҹüë˶ƺ뵽һЩʲôȴȻʵΪʲô
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Ǽ˲ҪǼ֮Сӿɾ͸ѲˣǼ˵ǣ˭֪᲻Ҳûˡ
СӵʵȲԼһ֪ҪߵĻԼ治һ̫İ
Ͼ̶ȵߣҪƴҲֻӵĻƾΪǲ˵¡
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һҲȫûã֮⣬ҲԳ˶Է֪ŵΪʲôԼõԭ򣬵ƺ˵һʵ
ʷϿŷұĽΪÿһѶǸˣǸǸˣûԼ
ⲢʲôܣֻǴǰûŷҹҲûע⣬ٽŽľ˵ģŰǧ񽣹Ϊһ˵ŷҹʱЩ䲻˵Ĵ𰸣ΪҲ൱ӽˡ
ЩȻͲǸ֪ˣŷҹҲңûаѺ⽣Ľ֮սԼڣȻɾΥŵԭ⣬ʱܴܿﲻԭĿˡ
Űѽֻǽŵǧ񽣣ֻܴﵽľ˵ľŽһ߾磬һŲķ
˼ǰתѾڿɲܺúʱһжҪȵ˰鷳˵
ֻôһ˲䣬鷽Ҳٸŷҹƴ˳ȥ
ҲЩ˲ԽŷҹǷӵĻԽС
ܣŷҹô֪Է˼ĵҲһ˺ܣǰô˶ѡ
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ŷҹţѾǰԼٶᵽ˼ޣԷƴһ൱ؽϣ֮ҲˣǴ˿ȴ±ע˽һҫɫ⡣
ѾΣһھħʴξһڸһĴսУؽѾû˽֮ȴȫûܵӰһȻǴǰ¾֮ǰҪʢ֣Ϊʱؽظŷҹȫںϵһ
䣡
һǶƴŷҹǱ˼ʵϵľ޴࣬ĽپҲʵڲֲࡣ
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ŷҹɫٴһ䣬㵹ոҲѾ뵽ģףаףǵֶʵ̫඼ģ˵飬ڱ˵ǻǲܷģаޣҲǵֶô졣
һǸ˵ĻߵʮҲ˿֣һ᲻ͻƱٽһﵽ
Ҫʱ򣬿ɾͲҲԼܲӳȥˣĹѨ»ҵ鷽
ֻ˵鷽ֻҪţ˵ԼЩѾĹѨﶼɥֻһ˳ȥĹﱻɱˣҲǲܣʱ鷽ͿԹߣֻҪԼ뱩¶˭ҲᷢһﾹȻǱһǧǰĴ׸ᡣ
һ鷽ǿ˼ĴֻҪõʲôֶΣ̾Ķң֪ٵһ
੣Ϊ׻𣿡鷽񿴳ŷҹڵʲôһ߶ǿٿһ߶ȴǸյЦţˣʵ̫ˣͻ֮󣬵һҪɱľ㣬Ȼռǧռһ߽ŵӵǿ˭û飬Ȼˣձܷɽ磬һ㣬Ҳֵҫˣ
ŷҹɫʱѿСһ˼ֱӻǿ鷽Ȼκ˶ܳȥҪһ򾡵˼
պһӣȥˣŷҹһ񺮣뵽ľļˣѩǣЩ˿¶⵽ֵġ
Ļãһһҩ֮壬ѾеߴˣοаףȻһְ취ܰʱ任ԼΪ
һֲĻŷҹǰصĽⶼӰ쵽һ𲻶
ɱ
ŷҹֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬶ųֵȴǸӴɱ⣬ĹѨﶼ˲併˼һ
һ˲䱬ٶȸǿµģȻ֮ǰľˡ


274 Լ
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һӷô鷽һǺ⣬أֽ˭ֻҪһѾͲˣСȴѣҪǻô񽣣һӶóٲʲôģǻһ⡣
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ֻԲôģЩҲֻǷԸеĴ˶Ըŷҹ֮⣬Ѿζͼɱ󷽵ˡ

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Ѿ׼ŷҹɱˣҪᣬȻ壬ڵ鷽һԽԽá
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㲻ȫ𣬰ŪԼ˼벻֪ռҲ˰
ЩԭһʼûдҪɱŷҹֻһǳҪСرš
ҲƵĵطӵСӾͲܰϧŵ鷽޲һ¶Է¾ôˣСһ᲻ᳯԼͱԲУǿɾ͸ˡ
ˢ
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ѪĽѪԽԽڳ׷ֿȻڵϡ

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ǳɹˣһûһƨɵڵϡ
ӲãһŮӣò״ֱӾ˵ϣϵĲ԰׻ڳš
ֻԺôһЩϾΪҪһЩҲ˸ӳһЩһ֪ŷҹȻսʤǸոյΣ֣Ҳ֪ʲôطûУڵ϶Ҳõȥ
ǰһ֪ŷҹѾ˹ȥһ̾Աߵȥ
ߣϰסкһȰŷҹ̧ȥ˵
ȻѾûʲôΣգǿǰĳЩƾĸǾľսʱٴڳһĴһ
Сĺ⽣š
Ȼ⽣ǿŷҹڵƣҲ֪Ȼš
⽣ƥӰΣһҪһСģɾͻ˵ˡ
ͷȻСĵشŷҹаѺ⽣ȡ΢΢̾һ£ִ˵е񽣣ŷҹȻһӾѡ
תְĿ˴ϣⶫ˵ǴĹѨõģӦƾĶǿӣŷҹѽԨԴܴ󣬵׸δã⵹һ⡣
ȶɡҲ˼ڵ࣬Ҳö˵ʲôʣµԺ˵
⽣ؽԼոձŷҹӴĴѺպıŽŷҹĴָȻԼģȻһ񽣣Ժһ¡
¡
ĹѨ֪ʲôԭͻȻ֮ҵػζϷʯ£Ȼ󣬵㹻˵Σգطʱܵ
ߣһٶ˵ʲôһ̧ŷҹкһѸٵسĹѨ
̾ݴƬһʯͷԽԽ󣬲ϵؾǵǰЩʯͷǵͷЩͨˣƾƵһ߶ȥ
һ·оյعǴĹѨĳӳʱںȻһ죬ĹѨǳ׵صȥΧǴƬĳ
˿ֳǰһңһҪǸףĹѨˡ
ٿŷҹôĶҲû˿ӰȥȻԵúܳ
࣬ôͻȻûͷûβ˵һ䣬Ҳʱ˹ȥȻҲܹġ
໹ûдӸոյľзӦʱɵһ£ʲôô
ûŷϴ˵һ㲻᲻ɣʵ
סһ̾˼ҲƾĳԱʶǶõģĹĴ׺ҪŷʩչطǸûʲôķǶҲ˵
Ц
ȥʲôҲû˵ʵȴѾ̬ȶˡ
֪ŷҹ˵ȻŷǷ壬Ľѽ͸Ͼûŷҹûˣ˵ŷҹȣΪΪ˵Υһɣ˽µûпѽҲˡ
Ҳһ˼ò׼ֻ࣬ҵˣӦҲȷˣȻŷҹˣҪɿڣԼܲܰɱڸܰɣ
ֻ˵дףûķ˼Ǹ͸¶ĹѨ֮κϢ
һĹһоͳܣ֪óʲôģ¼Ҳֻĸ˶ѣҶ˵Ȼ¶ͳˡ
λ쵼֪﷢ʲô飿ôĶȻǰľ侯ˣǲҴǶ鿴ѯ
һ⼸˶ڣ̾ΧƾȻǲһϵͳģǼϾǱҪߵö࣬˼ҿֱ֯
һۿǼ˶ǱǶΪҪ¶ˣʱ˴ҵǡ
ѾˣԽз򡣡ţոյսһҪܣĹѨҲΪսԭ⵽˾޴ƻ𻵳̶ڻֻ֪еȥˡ
ǣֻҪ˾ͺãһᱣܵġ
ԱϲشӦţʵﶼֹǱܸʲôûп
Ȼ⻰Ҳֻ룬ǲ˵ġһ˼Ҹո˵սаĹѨˣոǶǿǱըҩҲС˶٣ƾ֪
Ȼ˼˵ʲôʲôʵһʣ
Ҳмɲŵĺô²ö˵֪ȥӦ֮ƺͽ⡣
ŷҹʱѾ֮һʱ䷢ԼȻһϣֻǷרŸ˴̣ʰõ൱


278 ˵
΢΢һתľѾǽ˾ĵزֻĹѨ֣оеĸоȴѾûˣΪʱʵģǸʱֻǸոͻƵ˲䣬ʵ͵ԭ򣬲Żֻþ
ŷϴˣǰ̾ʹǰܹ
ǸûУŷҹʵ
ô㲻֪𣿡һŷҹѵʱġ鷽նɱģô֪أѵŷҹȻʧˣǿҲ񰡡
а׵ֶκܶ࣬ʬûУܸһΣѱûеڶλᡣŷҹֻǽŻ˵Ҫʬ壬ʵôжԼҲ̫Ͼô׾ġ
ˡһַ漴ӽָóѽŷϴĽʱԹȥǾͰ
Ѵŷҹɻؿһ۶Է
ӹĹóĽ˵ԼȻǰ˴æ˵ֱӰ⽣ֻ»ǲʣ֪ǻҪ˵˽Կѹġ
ĸ֪඼Ѿʾǳ˹ĹĴŷϴ˴ҵ֮⣬ʲô֪ͷŰɣֻҪ֪ǴĶõľˣ⽣ؽУٶһѴҲЦ
ǲࡣŷҹҲЦЦҵľڽ鳤Եѽòȣһ¶ʲôûа취ôֻǵһȿľ㣬Ҫġ
ɣǶ˵ô֪ת֪ŷҹڹʲô˵ࣿ
ʱڳϣһѾ쾩˵Ҳع˼ʲô
ŷҹǰһۣ˼⳵ϻʲôˡ
ϽԼˣ˵ġʾԷġ
ûô׾ҵƿأһȻ˥ˣԼľӢӵܣ˴Ѫô׾ͷߡŷҹҡҡͷԼߣҲôɣЩƾļӵܣ˵ǾĻһƾ͸ԭļһϵûǲɣϾѪЩϵġ
ŷϴ˵ǣ˵ǼƾҲ˻ƣ̾ŷҹ˵⣬Լܲ˵˻а취˿졣
ҶƾԱ˴жٵı£ҲһƾһЩƵƾԱȣֵĸ֣ǾǱԷֵ顣
ô˵ѽŰɣʱ˵ŷҹЦЦȻҪѽȴҲôУЩʱ䣬һذ⽣ƾûȥ
ȻУ֮ˣѽߣҲֻǶһѿõĽѣΪҲû̫İˡ
ҪŰѽȻٲⴿǶһʱģҪȻҲѾڷûûˡ
ʦ˵ģѽܱѾˣʣµֻԸٽһѣЩҪԵ
лŷϴѴҾȷţóûʵĻ⽣ϴġٺЦ˵
Ҳ֪ŷҹΪ룬ȻĻŷҹ˽ˣ鳤ο϶ġ
̾͸˵绰˳ŷҹڴҲ˵һ£˲Ҫ˵˿ڷ磬ǵʱɾ͸ˡ
ŷҹʵ
Լ˯죬ܲỹԭزɣοڳϣ϶Ѿתλˡ
ҲϾ͵쾩ˡ̻ش𣬡ˣǰҲ绰״̬õĻҲȥμһ쾩ĲãһѾҪˡ
ŶŷҹЩɻ̫޳ԼȥμҪȻҲԼȥȥһʲôĹˣôת⣿
ûи˵ڹĹŷҹʵ
˵ˡ룬ֲһ£˵һЩ
˵Щŷҹʡ
ֻ˵Ĺ˴׸ŷϴԣǶˣͽˡǺЦ
ǺǡŷҹҲЦЦСĵúܣȻ֪ԸԼĹϵҲûаõ˴¶ȷ֪ԽԽãǲҲѾͻ˾飿
ǣӦûɣһ£Щɵʵ
ߵΪӱ濴ԺܶԼʵñ֪ҲеģΪŷҹԼΪҪĻԼɾһ¶ˡ
޷ֻʡŷҹţҲΪʲôתˡ
ƾһ뿪쾩֮ǰѾ֪ģҪԼԲԼȥ˾ǸСطȥĹ顣
һˣߵʱΪǰأȻҲһս֮ɱϾǰأȴѾʵʵľˡ
ڰصʱսأѾصĸɱǵ˾֮أ
֮ǰʱŷҹԿԻкܶ˼ɣԲ취Ȼŷҹ֮鷳Ҳһõȥˡ
һöԷ֪ŷҹ֮öԷ˼ɣҲδ֪һԷ֪ΪҲ˺ܶవе鷳
߰ɣֱȥ֣һôõġŷҹ˵
ϣһʱٱ
ƽʱȥЩСܸǵһжմŷҹĹⰡ
ҲǰصΪˣò˶ãҲͿҪ֮Уֻһ̵⡣
쾩ĳصĳżӣÿ˵϶͸ż֮ɫЩ˵Ϣͨ˴Ϊͬеˣһ֪ⶼǹ֣һ˶Щ˵жΪѾǻƾ֯һˡ
С˶ȥɣԽ࣬ͻԽ˵ע⡣һΪ׵ߵ˵
ȻûжǿӲȴŲɵơ
ǰ˵һαҪע⣬˶£װɣ΢΢üǰ֮ǰҲ׿ڽһҪж
ʲôʱÿڿҪѹˣ˵ɫҲȥƾ˭ļߣһжԹҺƾΪƾܳΪκ˵Ŀܣ
ܣԱҲһڿñӰԵĿȻӡ
֪ǰƾ֮϶û뵽ôء˵ƾӵĿܣֱĪĹ
ƾһǰָӣ޹ذɣһ˼̻ӦԷ
ϸ˵ƾְλߵһˣǴûн֮ǰӾѾָƾһжˡ
ȻָƺûκĵλҲûеõκ˵ȨǴƺĬϵģѾγһʶû˭ȥָȨޣҲ


279 ɵĵط
ͳѾãõʲôʱӳΪƾָߣѾû˼ǵˡ
ƾһɵĵطǰûע⵽ڿʼҲӦҪעһˣҲƾͨһԱۼ˵ҲǵԱѵҧһЩңǵ鳤Ӧûɣ
üͷһ֣⻰ûģ˼ҪӵָȨ
ΪߣǾԲһϸָߣָӣǿԵȻļܣԣȥ
ֻŭӿӣǰֲڣﻹ˭ܸ
ûУΪƾһɵĵط
û˭˵ǰǵĳԱɣʱһİĶ漴߽һˡ
ǵһμֻһۣ۽ǾͶ˶Ϊʶǰһ˵ŷҹ
ûпˣȴһҲİ˵ʹƬӡ
ʲôˣȻҴȥ֪Է˭ƫƫŲʶĻᣬʹ˵
ƾһɵĵطһھ˵ˣԲһõ쵼ߣһϿͲʸ񣡡ŷҹҲԷĻֻǴҡڵ˽ȥ
ʲôطһ˵ȣǧ֮ⶼˣ˵ǽˡ
仰˵ֻҪţǿ϶ԼˣһʸԼˡ
ǵĻһϢǱƾķһֱߵ˷⣬ûյκξĻƾҲõ˽ɢʱˡ
Ȼһ£Ҳûһվ֣ͬղŵĻ˵ɱ˶ԷҲû̶ֻ֣˹ȥ
˼Ҳֻ˵ûʸμֻ飬˵ǵˣ£Ȼ˶ˡ
ȻҲϤˣŲµŷҹݣĿҲмζɨŷҹ
ʲôݣҲҽɣӶ˼ӡ
ѧļɣŷҹЦ֮ǰҪԼһ£ǹǾͿԸ㽲ƽ񣬾̹һļɣ
һ£ȴҲ벻ʲôûӦ
鳤ǲƾļ֮һŷҹͻȻһתԡ
Ȼǣ
˭⵱Ǽɣǿ϶ӱżˣҿ϶ŷ켷ġ
Ըոλͬ־ͲؼˡŷҹЦŵ˵
һȺ˶
ƽôϷ˿ǴûУ˭֪Ļӣ֣㻹һ仰˵
ٿŷҹƵĻͷ˲ƾӦصļɣˣǲؼɣôôŤأ
ƾôҲǺ߼ĻȻܶ඼Ǿһļɣ˵Ⱦƴ¶ͲǵķΧ֮ڡ
һȺǿߣ˵ֲǹŴһǸܣʲô˳ĵ¶˽µֻҪ˽ǣһҲû˻ȥ׷ĸ˵Ρ
ЩǴԼ׵ĶҪϸߵ˵˵ȷҪõģܲ˵ƾνν
Ųå֯
ʵ˵ЩлɣѾ˲ƣζѾˡ
ʰСӣֻֻһССͷ̾ͱĻҲԵ̫СǼˣֻȥԷѿ֮
ʵ㵽ǽʵǽɣǲҵʵǿ㣬Ϳκ鶼ǲΥɵģŷҹʵ
㣡۾Уվû˵ȥ
ܶŷҹĳȴûСʱ򣬲һҲãҸԣƫƫһΣȻЩˣ
ջظղŵĻҪһ䣬ڵʲôƾԱĻ飬ûʲô飬ȥɣŷҹһҲûٷ
ҵȻ飬ҵݣҽŷҹ֤ŷҹ־Լ֤
Ա߶˶ǿЦãָƾְλð֤óǼ˼
ΣﲻƾԱĻ飬ҿģҵȻ¡ŷҹ̹Ȼ˵
ǵģŷģһһξԶԷĽֶζǳϤһһаŵĶ̽ŷɵĶǶԸһкܴİ
ⷬ㣬һģ㲻ҪŲţôҲ鳤¶֮ǰ˵ҲģܲҲûʸɣ
һ˼һѽ֮һҲͬȴԤ룬ʤа֮󣬸䵽ŷҹ
ŶȻ˿䣬˵˵ʲô߼ɣŷҹʮֵزʹ죬ǴʱҲԣԺеǻᣬʡ˵Լһ͸ԸǶҵĳ𹢹ڻ
ʵǣҵĻʮֺʣ˵ȻҶǱŷҹɱģӶҵ˥ܣû֤ݵġ
ܲĶֻ֤ǱԼĶӴñģֳ¶ʵ޹⡣
ȻҶͬô鶼鲻ŷҹͷϣ˽˽Ҳգۣܲ۾˵ŷҹɱģһҪƴɣ
¶ôɾͲ׶ˣ
˸ղŵ̽Ҳóŷҹ˵ŲСģϲͷԼȴһһɾ˿ãԸҲУϣģԾͲһ˽ĻСȥֳ֣һʱʰܲ˵ʲôɣ
ҿûʲô߼Ҹոմعʲô˽⣬Ȼ鳤ҾİŰɣŷҹʱȴͻȻһӱǫ˿ûָֻŵָһͨǽŵһڣִԡ
ȻεܹǰһһʧķŵģҲƴǣŷҹôһ˵̾Ϳʼ˵ԼĲ
û뵽ոջھָȨŷҹһͨҲ֪ôͱ˳µ߻صԵһ¡
ȻոѾŷҹ鷳ԵĲãԷʲô©ûС
Բ鳤ÿһʮܵѸضڣûٲ첹䣬ŪһԼָء
ƾĳԱΪ˾صԱЩʵƽʱѾִʲôˣǾƾԱǽеʱ˭Ҳǳ
Ȼ˵ǵ鳤ʵûʲôʵʵȨȷ˵鳤ҲֻһѣƽǸԵģ鳤ֻһͷΣŵ˶Ϊס


280 򵥵
ո˵Լǵ鳤ʱ򣬾ˣҲ¶˲мı飬Щ龰ŷҹΪŻ῿һɣָȨ¶ѹȥ
˵ҲǵԱڼϱ¶в˲ˣ¶ֿȥΪӲԱҲԱͱȻǵģʵĶ¶ǸգΪʼգӶһָߣһûʧָߡ
ԺܶȻ֪ԭɣҲȻӷϣɲһγɵġ
ԼʵѾ㹻սȨˣҲȥֻýһЩͷˡȷѾƾһɵĵطǰĹ̫ˣһȷָ߶ûУһҪһ£涨˵ļ
ֻڲ˵ĶǻЦģ˭˵ң˭˵ûȷָߣӾȷָߣ
ƾʲôǻصĸ֯֯ûȷָߣܹڵ̬ƣ֪ͻҳʲôˡ
ֻЩûȥ˵ΪǼһȷһɫڵΪߵģôʱ䣬һγӾ˲٣Ÿûʲôô
ӵָӵλͲΪ뷨κθı䣬ֻӲڣųԷѣɽϻӳƴĸо
ôҺЦǣӴû£Ȼһҳ˴п˵ŷҹ߻һͨĽƱҪȻ᲻ˣﶼˣŷҹ˵Ŀǣû취̨û취Ϲﶼûа취ˡ
ôһŷҹڵԱﲻûӡΪɫƽ̫ţӮ˲˵ĺøС
Ҫ֪ŷҹƾЩϼһϿɵ;Ȼһֹ֪ͣ᲻ᵱѪ
λǰ֪Ըո˵ģûʲô׵ĵط԰Ѳýֺ֮ò̡
ʵ֮⣬ǵĳԱһ߰˸֮࣬ҪΪԣҲеĵԱɳ
ЩˣҲҪ㹻ԴϾÿһ൱ڹﳤŵƾǰˣ˭Ǽ򵥵
ܺãֻǵ˶һ˵
ҿЩϼһ͸ѡλɣҶô꣬Ҳñ˶˵ˣҲ첻ãҲ˵ԼǵˣǺǡһԱ·Ц
ҲǸŸͣȷһ⡣ûиǹ̶ְλãǲǣǡǡΪǵء
һǰˣҪǱһСָӹָӹȥ˭Ҳ᲻ֲãȴЩ˵⡣
ʵԵȻһѵĲãЩҲȥȴûֱ˵ΪúܣҲǺױڲ˿Ҷһϵͳˣ׾ͷֱԼĸλʵģȥ˵
·һɢ޼ƾģƽ͸Щϣ˿̸վ˵ôһ仰Ȼǵõ˴ҵϿɣҲһ취ҲûС
ܲԼ˵Ҳ֪վĶ˵һ°ɣܲڰ
Ǿ͸λǰˡҹ˵
ˣȻǵģǴҶƾֱ˴ˣ·ٴνӻٲȻѾ˦һ߶ȥˡ
ɫЩãûʲôȨöԷ˵˵һɣԱҲܸһѾɢˣֵȻҲ˼˵ʲô
֮ǰٴΰĿ䵽ŷҹϣĿĲ˭óڵ˶Ѿ߹ˣҲ±˵Լʲô˵ûж֣˭ô˵
ԭϼۣС﷢ëһ£ȴٴ벻ˣŷҹһ¶Ҳ
һһ٣㿴ңҿ㣡
Ǹǰʲô飿Կ˶۶ˣֻԼڡ
ûˣߣǱһԼĲȻڵˡ
֮ԼָоǺѷɫõ鳤Ȼֻúһﲻ治֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ԸոյĶʲôо
ʱȻŷҹԵĶԻѵǶΪԼˣⲻǲŸոճҲԼ
ô˵ȻţŲҲͣˡ
ʲôоҲ֣˿ɻûأֶʲô䣬룬ʲôŷҹҲܲһ㣬ֻøʵʲôо
Ŷᣬߣȥҩˮŷҹվ˵
㱻һͷʲôϢСӾǹġ
ĶֻһЦ߰ɡ
æ첽һת۾ʧͨ
Կһۣ֪Էˣ˿̬˰ɣ㲻ǾصĻִֻҲûˡ
ǰı⣬ϲ߰ߵġŷҹָһĳλãʾԷûߣ߰ɣȥα֮ģ͵͸ģ̫ˣ
һ£漴׹ŷҹĸ֪Ѿʶû뵽ֵָҲһܸ֪ԷλãԼµòŷҹ֮˭ҪΪǻûʲôˡ
ߣǰĵα飬һܸжġͨЩЦ
ĳĽ쳤̾ţҸж˱ڣ
СӾȻܲҵλãǵȷеСֶˣҲòصţҲ˶ѣҪһᣬһΪҳ
һصľŷҹԸ
ڽ㡣Ȼѽʮ˳֣ǱϾǱ˵ģҲһֱߡ
ŷҹȻҲֽӹԷ˵ԼѾ˱Ҳܿ͸ԷĶ
ǲôһûг֣պ˾ڣŷҹʳԼ⡣
ҲһȺܽƻˣǲȦףҲҪеϵУ쾩ƾĴӪôţҲԵƾˣҲε˵š
ƾʲô˵Ǻܿͻˣŷҹʵ
Ϣ˵һҪжˣ϶һ˵ġ
ΪѾܵй¶ȥһҪϢֻҪһһĿĵˣϢ֮󣬶̲סġ˵
ѵǰϢŷҹʵ
֪һ
ܣûжԱƾ˶֪ŷҹȻ֪
²ѡŷҹЦЦԨʱ˵һȥԨ¶˵ĿģҪǰҲ˵ǸĴۣƾҲӳΪնΪƾʧ𣡡
ȷʧ𣡡ԳҲˣûǰ򳡣ƾ֮ף治ƾΪʲôӣ


281 
վֻһˣ棡ŷҹҲһأЩȴʵӦǰԼɣ
ǣЦˣֲǰ˵²Ǻ츳ġ
Ͳˣ˵˵ڵɣ϶һıһһı֪ȦףȴҲòƴһԣΪնʵ̫ˣ㵽ûа취ܾŷҹ˵ǰǷǴΣ֮У
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ô֤ǰİȫŷҹü
ʵѾд𰸣ֻϣԷܸԼһĻظ
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ӣ㵽ԼͼȥıԼֻʱʮã飬ȴôɱţּ͵ĳɹԣԸΪ˸൱ĴɼһҪԡ
ӱԴݰȥ׼飬˵˭Ҳ֪֪һʧˣᷢٵĴңԸԼðһַգʱҲҪһҪ⶯ҷһ·
ֵȷıǳ׵ıԷҲ֪ǶԷȴ᲻÷ŵĻᣬҲȥĶԷûа취ɹ
ǰص㰲ŷҹûȥ飬Ϊ֪Ѿˡ
ɽϣԵĻشǸɴࡣ
ʲôôУŷҹȴ𾪵ˡ
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︴ӵĵεʱҲ֪ǲΪ˫˵һģȲùҲء
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ˣŷҹͷǷǰһ飬ϣһΣл黹ϣ
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Ŷŷҹһ£֪֪ȻԼһи˼
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ŷҹüëһѾ֪ĹѾ㵽ˣҪӹԼУȷҪһ⡣
ɽֻһҰɽѣûпʲôԴƽҲȥ棬һ֮䣬ȴѾĲӰΧʲôϡ䱦һ
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ЩӵıţϤ˴Żᾪһ£쾩ĲӣЩˣЩսһ֣˵֮Ǿ֮еľҲһҲΪ
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ٶȣȻǿҲӰӡ
ҵȻûֻЩ˲Ҫʲôвźãһɫؿһۡ
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ԼĹһصҫ¸㣬㱻ץ˵ӣǿɾûôˣպһᱻԼ׷ɱ֮⣬кܶܲпĳͷ
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ȻǴͬˣһͽŮ⻰ȴǶһ£˵һ֯ͼԼʵģôܾ־Իǵһѡγġ


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һͽŮһӣҲ֪ŵ˭
һ𽥽Ũ֮У˵ĻδҲδк
ܾһװŨûиǴκεӰ죬ǵĴ£ܿشӾӰصȱڴɽڲ
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Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵ãÿҶĵʱ˭ٳһ֣˳ҲԷĵж١
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ĶһôҪˡԼһ۽ŮɣŮ֪ãӦò۸ɣһһЩ㡣
ǺǣνǼȻңǾ͸ɡŮ۾˸˼ĹâŨ￴ʲô΢΢һЦ˾ֱһȥ
ãǵѾˣԼͻȻʧɫ
ˣҪϷˣЩڻô𣿡ŮɴʱҲЩذ˶ԷһۣȻҶѾ˵ҪóԵĳɣһ˸ֶθ˵Ѿ㹻˵ǵĳˣ㻹ҪһЩĻڳȥü
ŮǻǲҪ˷ʱˣץʱȥץǸϼһɣģҾԲκġԼǺЦţոֵĵıѾȫˡ
ŮóǸ֪һԼ˵սͬһ˸ԼĻ֮ͬУѾǱʾԼΣԼһȴʱ򣬻ڼװԼԱʧȻûҪ
˭֪ǴЩˣɢǰȥ̽һķ仰˵Щɳȥûٻˡ
ӵķжأǵȻΪһҲûУ֮ǰĲӰΧܿóһ൱Ҫġ
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һǷŰɱһҲΪҪеĶܱκ˿ǵ˻Լ˶ԣⷽʽӦǾԱܵģҲ͸ǺܴĻᣬֻҪͻΧķأǰɱˣ˶ܻ֪
ڣ֪٣ҲǺĵĵطȥ˵طкܴĻڵĵط
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ЩŹ֣ȷû·𣿡һԽԽŨѾЩˡ
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һǰһӵķּأҪҵֱͱȵ컹ѣδؾ㵽ܺ׹ܾ֣YعһĻ˵һߵϣҵ
˵ĿⶼԼϣԷԥһ֮Щ鲻ԸذǸŹֵ۾һֻϣ㲻Ҫʧɡ
ÿҵعװǻ֮еĻܣȻָ߿Ƽоɹá
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һ˹ȻûȦӣɼص·߶˵ġ
ܶ෨󣬼ϴ֮ЧȻǼʮڰ룬оĿָҪ߳ȥֻҪⷨЩ򣬾Ͳˡ


283 İ
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˵ͬʱһѾüͷ˵һԭ㣡
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ȻսҲǿڵУȴҪģҲŵùԭˡ
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ûҪһϣȰɱ𣿡ŷҹε˵һҾ׼·߲˷𣿡
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ٴһΪʲôû뵽Լһ̾Ȼǳһ
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һǸǷֲڸ֮Ҳйϵ֮䲢߶ֻѷƻصƻӵļƻֶӾͻᱻԼ˺һĻǸͲԼɣȥӡһʱֻҪһЩ⻰Խ˵ԼÿԺܴˡ
ԭ
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ӴӣȻʶˡŷҹȵ˵ǿŵı飬˵һʱ뵽ߵݼǸԼɣ߰ɣߣҲ򲻹ǣֻˡ
ҪߵһͽŮɣֵˡҪ˭˭ҲеĻ
ŷҹ˵ĺ֮УǱô򵥵˵ƺһ򵥡
˵ģҪ򲻹ˣֻ·ĻǾͲƻҪǻĻΪʲôֱһ֣ŷҹɱˣ߱·ƻˣͲɱӣԼͻ
Ļŷҹ˲ƻ󣬱ǲҲ֧ܺܿԮߵóȥ
СӵģֻԻǡһһȨ⣬̾ͰµľĨɱλöЩĴʩǲڷߣҸұ֤СӾҪ˵ӵļƻǽҪͷʱ򣡡
߰ɣɱС֮󣬺ܿ͸ǻϡԼܴ󷽵λֳ֣ͬһ˵úðҵװɱɱ֮ƾ
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Ǻǣô˵̫СԼ˰ɣһûشֻЦ
ǿ֪Ǹ˵ŮɿԷҲ׷ˣǼһװҲǵһô߰ɣҵָȻָֻˣǸ˵õʲô취ȻӰ쵽ҵ֪
˵򶣬Ůıɫˣûְ취Ϥ󵼵Ļǲ֪ɶʧ
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ŮŻͷӵķܽһЩϾģܲ綼ǣֻҪģͲõġҪһרſԼˣǶΣɾһʱԱըĶʱը
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ͬҲСģһҳΪع֮еľӢûһǺöԸĽɫ˵ǾӢ֮еĶߡ
ܣֶŷҹֻ˵ǵһԽӴҲ֪Էô
ҲδؾлųȥԼҲǺȤشһŷҹӵļƻʧˣδؾͲһЩУƻƻ˸Լһᣬ˵˵Ķ𣿡


284 ǿս
ŷҹεľһ£Щ˸̥ĳ̶ȻһĸӰֿǵǺܣҲȷһŽ赶ɱ˵˼ԼȻóȴ⽫ƾͼƣҵĿ궼һֻҪˣҲҪǵȥ֡
һڵʱǱ˴˶ԼٳһԼ߳⣬пȫûʣµһȻһ
˵ĹȻԣһǲһҪųȥҲֻܰҴˡŷҹֲһ£ֻҿ»ǳȥΪкܶˣһȥϳҲɲȥ㿼һͶɡ
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˵Ҳǣеѣ뷨ֻܴڼ赱УʵֵĿԻԺˡŷҹЦЦ
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벻㾹Ȼĵļ֪ǺǣһõòԣҲ֪ҪǴ򲻹ʱ򣬻᲻һȺ֣һȺһŷҹǺǵЦţֻġ
һȺһԼеͷҲŷҹ˹ǵȷЩ鷳˭֪һ˵ǲģԼҪüŷҹˣ˭֪һﾹȻղ˼˵ҪǴù㣬Ҿ͸һһҪǴ򲻹Ļٺ٣ǵһȺһ
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ԭǻƭ˵ĵʿõİϷΪֻܵĻһ𣿡ԼмЦ
ŷҹһֱǰѶϽ׷ĻܻоĪѹϾҲܱ֤һһֶָϱ۵ˣڲĻĶϽ£᲻ҲһԼֱۡ
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һֱ۸ԩһɵӣ
Ǿ԰ɣλΰ˵ʵǼΨһ׼ͼһƭ˵ĶĻǼٵġŷҹ˵Ѿѷ˦˳ȥ
ԼȻȫעģ·䣬ŷҹѶϽҲɷһҪǲţɾԼɵˡ

ԼŶԷ䣬ǺЦʱѾȻһ±˻
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ŷҹҲæң֮ȥԵһԼԸŮˣҲԭġ
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ǲ̫࣬ŷҹǹѾŵĶͷϡ
ְɣҲѪһŷҹ˵
Ů֪ʱ˵ʲôҲǰ˵ˣԼܶƽʲôֶΡ
ܸܲңΪʲôŷҹȻ֪һڽӣȴǲĵʵ
ΪǾرǿˣҵľڹָǿö࣬ν깥˵Ͳŷҹм
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ŷҹҲûţĽָһ˲Ѿһɫʯɫʯһŷҹȫ̾һɡ
෴ģŮǱںɫʯֵʱȫһ𣬽һɲǼô޹⣬Ҳȥ
գ
ŷҹҲǰ̾һҪεķӦʱɾŮˣ깥ķʽȻء
֮ǰ˵ԼǿģҪ˵깥˵ûãǾȫڴţˡ
֮ܲ깥Ӱ죬֮ǰܰλʦŮתҲĿ꣬ҪԭΪɫʯ
ʯͷŷӡɵЧǵڹĹǸĴ׶С˷ɷʯɼһĶʯͷ֮ڷɷʯһ
ʯͷûзɷʯӲȣŷҹһ㣬ʯͷСֱԼԵϣһͳ棬֪ˣŻŮ깥͸֪ƵƵ
Ǹոһ˲䣬ŷҹڿǿʯͷʱҲͬоǿѾʯܵ˵ˡ
Ӧĵһʱ䣬Ǵӽָǿɫľ޴ԭʯŪôһ飬ʱѽŮɵļǿ깥ȫȥŶıԴ˾޴ķɣȻŮܳܵˡ
ŮɵرúɵһŷҹȥԺŷԷѾûϢ깥㹻ǿɱҲȫһɱġ
ҲȥϧʲôϧһְֻѶԷǿɫʯͷ˹ⶫضҲǸöҪȻŮҲֻҪһܷ̾ӳ֮ǰҪǿʮ깥ˡ
һ޴ԴĻòĶˡ
֣㶨ˣôŷҹתͷȥۻڼս֮еԡ
ڽŶս֮еԣ󶨣ܿ죡
֮ǰŷҹ͵ϮȻŷҹ﷭û뵽ñԼ죬ǽսѾûʵڲдһϣһ˵ġ
ȽϱߵľһˣϢֱǱһﲻϵǸǶôͲôʱ䣬һֱܣֻΪ֮ҪƾٶȥˣѾ˦ˣ϶ãԶԶûԸϤԴԷѹţ˵ˣȥȷҪԵˡ
ʱټһԻҪӵŷҹǻò˻ˣ
ԻظҲѾ龰ŷҹҲżȥæƳһǸѾ˵ĽŮɡ
깥ֶʵս֮УЧǾ˵ģŷҹͻȻи뷨Լʶ֮ģһ¶Է깥
ܳɹĻǾԻʵս֮еһɱ


289 ʶ֮
ǰʶֻ֮һЩ򵥵ĸãռһЩȻ˵ԷᳯʲôطһлʲôУʶ֮жϵñȽ׼ȷҲͽ˶ѡ
깥ĻǾͲֻǸˣҡһ䣬˹еıҪ˵֮ͬле֣Ǻǣŷҹˡ
űȥ飬ʵƷȻڵһˡ
һޱսţŷҹ֮ǰһᣬӳùߵĵطⱲӶˣȴ֪ʱѾڰʵС׼ء
Ůɵ깥ڱεģŷҹܶÿ˺ʯ֮⣬Ϊʶ֮ҲֶܷԷ깥ټ
׶Է깥ʲô̬ģھŶԷ̬ʶ֮ı䡣
ŷҹʶѾǿֻǿֵķΧϣҪȥıΧȴ׾ġ
ҪŷҹҲûԹⷽĶʱʱҲȷЩѣس֮ԼʶҪΣȷǿֻҪŮͬʵһ̬ȴеѶȡ
ǰҲֳܷһһ˿ʶ֮̽˵ڣ̽飬ֻһ򵥵ıΣֱιʶֻ֮̽飬ûɱ
Ҫʶ־ɱҪŨ൱Ѷˡ
ŷҹ֮ҲȷһЩֻŨĳ̶ԶԶǸߵ깥еʧ
תһ룬깥˼ҵĿұ죬ԼҪһ־õóҲ̫һһԺ϶֮󣬿϶ǻõġ
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ŷҹһ߶̾ţһ߶ٿȡವһȡһͷȥ
ʱһֱһĺҲûŻУ˶Ǿظ֣Ҳ˼ΣԷжٵĽﶼһŷִ磬ʽȻǲֱӶԶԷγشġ
ǾʱһͻȻһΣȻûзء
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ǽһȻʧһŵ۽Ƕ鴤ˣʱҲԼʧȥһûᡣ
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ŷҹΪţԼĹԽΪЩ깥ǿֻһʱĻ϶յЧ
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˵ֱȻѾתˣǵ׻Ų֮ƽʱȫԾʱƾԻɡ
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ʶ֮·ֳһɣ۳ɡȡȻߡԴУ
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ƫƫӦǾ仰ʲôʲôʧȺһֱҲնһžǴ˫ֱһѹŵܵ˲ϡ
˰̫ˡŷҹһԼ񫣬һѾˣʮֿϧ˵һ䣬ߵǰһ˵ôôôͱץסˡ
һ棬˵ĺ뱻ץƵġ
һΣŷҹδԽ
ǲҪ˰ɣԶͷð
ȻղӮɣǸһظô֣˭Ҳ˵һаٷְٵİգɲġ
Ǻǣֻ˵Цѣ棡ŷҹһڴһ˵
һŭˣôˣ˵ôץ㾹Ȼƭˣ̫۸ˣ
ʱʵûʲôڵʸôɱʱŷҹѾַסѨλ
˵ɣʤаŷҹûǸոҪ顣
ʤаһ֣ھȻֲˣǲ˵ʤаһתָ˸
ߣǾ͵ŲɣѽΪƾجΣֻҪһ죬Ǿһ첻õһƵı˵
ӲҿӲҵӲŷҹҲϻһֱӴ̵˶Էüģ˵ɣʤа˭ȥʲôˣħ룬ܵ۷ĸܡ
һȻ죬һӣڿڡ
ɱȥɱӣ
ãԴʧɫԭкУǿߣ
Ȼɱô֯ԱհӴ˽ȥһоͻʧˡ


290 һ
ңһ˶ǼҪߣʱȡ
һͷأڵõ˽ѡ
ŷҹҲû˿ͣٶȣɽΧȥ
ǰӦûţŷҹǱҪӳһЩ
˵ǰҲ˵֮Уֻġȴǵǵ˵֮ǰǰҪطٵ飬ֻںСķΧڲ˲֪Ϣȴ©úܿ죬ξȻңɼƾڲѾǰߵˣǿɾѷ
Ŷһΰŵ˭ڱǰŷҹҲʵ
Իش
ԭŷҹҲòϣ˵ΪߣҲԵ֮
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ӼȻƾһңϢ©֮һ㲻𣿡ŷҹʾɡ
ЩҲ˵Ϣ֪ķΧҲԱŲҲ飬˿˭ϢɢȥģЩƾˣ˵֡˵
֮ǰҲû˵ǰʵѾɹˣǸԵҲ֪øɣŷҹЦȻǾ˵ǰѾˡ
ֻһ˲֪ⶼй©ȥˣֱɱҾͶˡԿЦ
ǰĲҲֻһ˲֪ɣǲҲҪɱ㣿ŷҹЦ
û뵽ŷҹ˼ά죬ҪǱɱˣǿɾԩˡ
ЦģȻȻԼԵףѱϢй¶ˣƽʱϵȽϲδؾͲܳˣǵΪߵˣӣһҲѲµԶֻһ׼ȥӽʾãԴͰδؾһЧҲûСŷҹ˵
˵òڵÿһһʧ֣ǿɾ̫ˣһûзɣǸӽš
ɲһߣҪƽڽӽʱٽȥçδؾͻнġ
˵ʵȻΪߣԵһҪؼĻӣ
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ڴһߣƾĵһ
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һֱλˣӲǿ˵ҲֻţϼһһҲûһøУ˭Լͷϻء
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˵ɣʲôˣһ֯ǲ˵㲻Ϊƾһֻһɣֱˣ¼仹ûмˣ
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˲ҲվֻҪһ£̾ܳ֡
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㻳ңҲֵ㻳ɣҲʧʱ򰡡ǺǵЦԵúղֻһЦһ
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㣡֪ԼڻϺꡣ
ӣΪ˳ӽӽȴһ㣬Ӷϴʵ̫ϤˡԷһһϤ˼㣬֮ͨ󶼲̫üðοðƶԵĻŵһ֮Ƶӡ
ӵ˭֪ģĸ壬һСľ͸棬Ǻ顣
һ㣬ѾӽߵĵطʱһѾעһ㳯ӴȥȻǰʤа
ˢ
ʤаȥ̫죬ٿҲסϾʵ̫ˣǰһݾѾӵȥ


291 ڹ
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ɱԼˣû뵽ô˳

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ҲǸ֣ȻҪҲ治Ƕʱ顣
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Ǿ۲ԣʤаɷЩͬΪʤаֻͨͨմȾһЩɷѣʤаȴֱ˺ʯɷ֮Լԭаںϵһ𣬱һָаɷϢ
ϢѾȫںʯ֮ˣǺʯŷҹһǽˣ¾кʯûнľҲһˣΪаɷ̫֮ˣһСƵ˶ܱȾˡ
ҲýľʤаϾѹõģںʯ֮һյĹ̡
ŵҩӦþͲˡŷҹ˵Ҳһҩ衣
Ӧãżǲİ
òӲܶ꣬ɲΪһ⣬ٸŪûˡ
żѾһ֮Ѿûдˡֻǽӹҩ裬Էŵȥ


292 ֮
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һŷҹ߶ѾΣոմһȻ֣ǾȻûаŪǼɱٲ߿ɾ֮ˡ
ͻȻﱬһֵڣʲôϡŹֵһɱϱһѪΪֱţӿغڣһԾ͵˾۷̶ȡ
һҲһطʲôҩʵΪиõģһҩЧʱ䣬Ϊܱڵĳ̶ȣԭõ˺
ŽⶼַֻǺ֪֪ģҲȥãһ˭ͼһʱʹ죬ԼΪԶͣȥ
ɱҲǲѰҪеѡҲѡôһ·
ôһһѹϾִԭȵʵһһ̨ףҲЩֲ
Ϊŷҹ˵ĵҲĴ˼ҫʱܰɱµĻŷҹЦˣһξȻһ̬ѡӲӲĴ򷨡
⵹ҲʧΪһֺõѡ񣬱ϾԷǿҲֻǾ۷壬ʵ൱ֻҪһζӲƴȥɱһ̾ͳ
ȥæҪȴŷҹһקס
ֵػɡŷҹЦæɡ
Աҭһ£Ұﲻһ𣿵漴뵽һֿܣֵؿŷҹһۣҲ˵ʲôˣϾÿ˵ֶζܣŷҹ˵Ҳ˼ʡ
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ôţͻȻһﴦһã״̬ԼûзӦô£Ȼֻһ˲䣬ѵʱһѾӡϡ
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ŷҹһĻǸˬһããɱ˷Ż𣬾Ӽұر
ɱһƱĵ˵ϣȫ֪˶ٵĹͷվѾûˡ
˵վǱٴſ£ôװء
ߣΪҵܵóȥ𣿡мؿŵϵɱ˵
ɱ˵ʲôǰ״ˣСѾ˼ҵˡ
ָˣȲ˵ĸί֮ĶԹһԼĿ궼öԷԼ
ոһİĶҩҧƣͻȻ˰һҩȥ
ʲôɱŭʡ
ġŷҹ̹Ȼ㲻ǷҸҩ
㲻ƵĽҩֶûнҩɱмһ˵
ֻٲмһˣȴû̾˵ҧ˶ҩ֮Ӧ̵̾ģô˵ԷҩҲЧ
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ҿˣǰѾ˰ţҾͲˡŷҹȴûȥٶ£ʵʵض㵽˺棬ᵽɳȥˡ
ֻǿ䣬Ѿǰæ˽ʱˣûҪȥ԰ʲôˡ
ŶԷûнİţ¶ȻԼģǿһԼƵԸӵˣҪƱˣ¾Ӷøեɡ
˵Ĺ䣬ƾ͵Ѿ½ⶰȻȾѾ֪ͨ˵ġ
һصĵص㣬֮ǰһֱǧܵģڸղ͸¶ȥģֻԼ
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ֻȥȥ飬Ҳõģһ꣬ͻġȴǵЦЦ
Ŷ˶һû¶ˡ
ôΪҵ󶯸ɸ꣬ʵǶлλӽžܹһ֡
ƾ֮У˵ڹҾڣԶҪеöࡣ
һӦĹͣΪλ¼ڲᣬҹ׽ϴߣԻñͲϿѡһһԸȥá˼˵
˵ǰֻһЩ׻ǺεݣҾͱȽ϶ˣɲʲôͨĵˣǶĺöƽЩ֪Ҫ˶ٱǾǵˣҲҪûӶġ
ڲϿ⣬ǸҩиЩȻҲǴƽʱҵģɲ˵εĽʵ̫ˡ
ҲҪıֻҪѽҶûпڵʱѾ˵
Ѿ˵һһѽŷҹĶһʹ˼ҪСӵѿȻų֣Ȼǰǰѽϡ
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ѽǣһüͷ⽣ӦҪŷҹҪȥĶŷҹôȻҪ˽ߣҲ̫ýˡ
ѽ𣿡ԵĻʵ
ԣһͬʣҪõǾõҪǵòҶò
Ϊȹף˭ܱȵ
ѽҲҪ͸йߡȴЦЦ˵
һЦתͷŷҹһۣҲҪӵġ
ǣԼæͣѽŷֵıŷҹֵһֱѰңھǰô͸ˣ
˵ѽŷҹɵĶʲô֤ݣʲôɶ֪ɣ˵ʵһֱûвŷҹɣҲ֪һĳ֣ǴʲôطõĴУ˵˵ʧ˼ǧĶǾ൱֮ƾΪƾС


293 ɱеĻ
⣡Ծ⵹еǿˡ
Ҫ˼ǧ꣬˵ⶫ˭ľҪ˭ҲеǣǿοŷҹʲôҲ֪ûа취֤⽣ġ
ŷҹ˵ŷұ񽣵飬¶ŷҹҲԾ͸¶ҲŷҹİЩܷԭ
˵ҲЩʧǧĶȷǲ϶˭ĹȻƾõˣǾƾɡȴǼ˳˵ȥһһͣ˫һ
Ҳû˰취ϾӵĻǹõģǿɲ˵Ļڵʮ߰˸ǲġ
ѽҵˣҲЩøУһڹؼʱ̣֪һЩôġ
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ţһͲˣԭ滹è尡ɱ˶ľܵãɱһȺϺɱһһ𣿡
Ȼǲһġӵͷʾͬ˵ȴҰɱΪ֮һһ£ŴҶˣ˭Ĺʹ˭ĹС㶼ֱ治
ǲУˣһֱţֻɱɱһˣǵһ۷壬Ҳֻһ˰һֱﱣ㣬ûлȥӴЩ飬ô˵ƽɣ
Ǻǣõ鳤ҪСȥͣҲգ㱣һҲһͰɣǹƽˣֲˣʵҲ࣬Ϊ˲ǵλҲǹ̶ģܳԼķΧûߵǵķΧȥһûɱеĻᣬҪǸһĻҿҶôһɣϾҶΪ˱Ҷж
ͷһ仰ҭסˣȷǰһõ鳤ȻƽϵظСͷͣȷеʧݣһֵеز
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ɻ˵ˣ㼸˼˵˸Ҽһ׵ģ㵽󣬳˶ôһ
ϸȥ˶һǻиҼ۸ѧҲİ
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һֱҪȡӣΪƾ˵϶Ǻ¶¶ֻˡ
ǰǰҿǿټһЩ͵ġ˵ԣڵҲǿӵ˼ʱǲʧʱظ˵˾û
ţһҲ˾ɲСӻôá
Ƿ룬⻰ԼôҲûʲôԲָʲô׶ģʱԵʱ򣬻ǻһµġ
ʵ֪׼ŷҹô㶼ĹҪ󣬾ǼӵһҲŷҹĶ֣ȻͶһ飬Ǻǣ˳һĴɡ
ȻԶ˵ˣǾͰɡҲûоܾ
ǴԼʱˣҲ˭˵ȫˣ˶ǶģʲôΪжߵʵֻҪһܿܲóгҲ̫
ôһ˵ҲҪǰӵĹҲϵĻﻹû˭ܸȵģϾɱĿһȾ۷ˣ˵ʵҲǿģܸսôöô·磬ɼǶѲˡ
ͣôһѽ
ԣͻȻʶ˵ʲô
һγûоص˰ع֯ȻƾεĿӣҲܳô˵ְɣ
Щڻң൱о̾͵óôһ
ЩڻȥǱ߶ƾµĻһ֪Ӳصĸ͵ϮƿҲ֪ɣ
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֮ܵذϢССɢһ£ͬ˺ߣҵعȻҲǴڻģ˵ԼҲڻҵһ֣ȴǲ֪ġ
ЩԣҲǾԵģΪһҲұ֤˵ЩþЧǵĶֲǱˣǿƾһң˭֪᲻Ⱦ㵽أ
ʵ׼ģֻɽǱ߶ǲòˣֻһ˶ʶĻɫǿԼǸŮɣ̾ܲµŲɸ˵ܡ
ͨһ֮󶨣Ǳ߶ļȻڻңĴͷֻԼˡ
Ҳ˵Ǳ߶ҲдͷǱ˸ˣЩҪҪԼǿ
־ϲģҲһֱ׷ĸо
ŷֵܣҲ˵һ˵ɡ߶˶Ѿ˵ˣԲתͷŷҹ
ңŷҹʵ
ˣ˵ɡ
ڿɲǿʱԾûԼ˵ȽϺʣҪȻŷҹԸ֮ɱһһڣ϶ᵱԼĹͣǲò˵ʱŷҹİܴ󣬻˵ŷҹֻûԶֵ֡ĻһҲ϶ŷҹɱġ
ŷҹεĹͺܴĺʯƾعɴΪǰڴ֮УӶȫ𣡡Եһ仰Ͱˡ
ʲôʯͷҲ˼˵ΪöԷعˣЩ˶Ǵһһɱĺ
˵⻰ɾеʵ˰ɣҵǲ֪һɱЩˣʲôʯʲôϵЦ˵
ʯһɱûйϵȴǰعε춼˹ȥҲű粵ϾǳаգҶ֪Yһ˵ʦٳ֣ұYɱһţ֪ǿ൱Ǵ˵֮еѻ귨ҪҵĿ꣬ˣûʧ֣ǵƺҲԹٵСֻǶԷûƾԵйҲΪǰԭ򣬿һΣصʦˣΪʲô˴󣿡
˶üͷΪǶ֪ʦĴڣԷȻӵĵλҲ˵Y֮еһ˵ֻҪ֣ûʧܹ
ŷҹṩʯ֪Ӱ죬Ӷʹεĸˣһ˴ԿҶˣɵ˵Ҳ֪εĴҪԻԷҰģûʲôɱԲŻ˴ôˣǰǶˣҲ˶ɣ


294 ķʽ
ո˵Ǹʦ֪һ깥ֱӶ˵ľɴˣǳ׹ܾԼӦҲţߣʵҲǿо˵һ۷֣ˣκһ㹻ķɣЦЦ
˵˶ɱģѾˡ
˶ŷҹɱģֻһһϰ˰֡ԲԼĹҲǰ˰ֶѣⲻ˵ѣ˵һ⼸ķʽһͲ˵ˣȻʤǸʦǱŷҹúʯ˷ֱӽԷɢڻߣԼ֮£յֻʣ˺ǣ
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һ´ҿŷҹĿⶼеˣǵ˵һμʱҲ;С˼ȻҸŽа壬
⵽Ǹʲôְ깥˼ҵɢˣܻģ˼Ҹˣ
Ϸһ淴װܰ˺ԭⲻظȥ
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һڵʵɱǿǴҲ֪ҾһģһĵλҲǶأ˵Щûģ˼ǶѶҪڱˣǾ͸˵ˡ
ǸԼ˵Ѿյֻʣ˺ǣôȷ׹Ļߣκ˶ڣʱҲǼŹͷš
Ϣܿܲ鵽ǲȻͷˣҴYʦһĿУҲȷһ㡣Իش
޺޵ؿһۣոջС˳һôôŤԭǿ׼ӱȲŻô󷽰
ȻڻȷԼݣҲ˵ݹͻɵ㣬ǲҪѺһ£˵
ȰȷˣѾҵˣ㻹Ҫȥ
⻰˵ҲЩǣǿˣҶǹҲأҪ˵޷ȷǴҵĹͶȷɱǸɱ˶ôȷ
üˡ
ǵѣǶԷϾݣҲ̫ˡ
ţҲԣѺһ°ɡЦЦô˵ŷҹɱع죬һ˵ʵǾغڵĸ֣Ӧû˻ᷴ԰ɣ
ҶҪ˵˵ΪܲǾغڣЩ˵Ҫԣĸһ۷Ҫ㷨ûġ
ţغڵĸ֣һεŷҹˣЦ
˵һбĹͣôͲˣæǰ˵
Ŷ϶Ǻߣ鳤Ҳ̫ǸˣǱȲ˼ңҪƴƤϳ壬ܲеˡ
ǺǣȻģŷҹĹ͸ЩӻǸݵı顣
ô˵ѾǰȥˣҲ㣬Ҫϸÿ
ʱұажûŷҹҽⶾ¾ǸɱɱҲֻһʬˣ˵ŷҹ͸һЩҲûɣӺ˵
ҵȻûʲô˶˵
أ˱ˣͱˣ
Ǹʲôɱɱʲô˲ģˣһɱܶ˵Ҫû˼ҾȻ˵ʲôˣûˣ
⻰˵ȻѾƵ·ϣʵҲˡ
ͿܣҲ˵ֻΪҿһΣպܹˣһлģҲҪʧĩּôһ䰲ο
ʧƨô˵Ҳǵ鳤Ϊһƽʧǹؼ
⻰ֻһ£˶һ¡
⻰˵ģڰοһոսƾĲɣ
һ룬ոôƤظŷҹͣʧȷеǲ
Ҳ֪ԼǽˣǴʱҲûа취˭Ƶһزء
лǰŷҹǿع˵һ䣬ӶԷнӹʤаһκܿ˵ˣ
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׵òͷð˰̶СֻΪһСȻӮϷһԺÿġ
ŷҹ˵ãдһôƽϢȥ⼤Է˵
ǴǰĻҿܻ˵ԴСʲôģǽո˵ɱ۷֣һתˣǲͺм
׼ŷҹûκΰ취ֻܾԻ֣Ѿ˵ǣȻɱŷҹôҪһ
죿²̫áŷҹȻûȥӦս
ôд軹ҪӿŻ𣿡ǺЦš
ŷҹҴӦҲ֮Уеǰ취ؼӺԾȻûţе⣬ҲϷᡣ
ǵǣһɱ֣ǰΪŲôһ㣿Ѿˡŷҹ˸ǷʼնûдɳվڴҲֻǰӮˣǾǰӮɣһΣһҿɾͲˡ
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ܶ˶ҪһѪŷҹСҲ̫ˣʲôһξøӮɣһξͲˣ˵úһξһܰKOһ
˶ָоˣ͸ǱòˣֻҲûа취ڣڻ˵ʲô˼ҵĻﶼѾԵظˣ˽Ǹ̫ĸֹУ̫ˣǺãӮɣΪѡʱе۸ˡ
ǹⲻ򣬿㣿ǺãǸһҲ۵ʱ
꣬һȦӣǽ򲻳ɣòƻŷҹԼ˵ġ⻰ﻰģ͸ŶԸոǸ¼ıΪʲô۰ΪɱĸֶడҵĹʹ󰡣ôڣһǿͶϣҲɡ
ЩǱ̨ʣֻϧǱ̨ǲܵʲôĵ㣬ŷҹҰЩ˵ǰԵһƾҲ֧أû˻ŷҹʲôȥǿɾ¶ˣ
ãҾ͵˵һΣɱʧǣѾûκ壬ת뿪
˵֮ǰ뿪ǲòģʱҲûȥƽԼҲû⣬Ͼ׻˵еʸģ˵ŷҹôһ£Ҳԭ
ŷҹˣô˵أܶ˶Ҳ̫⣬Сʵȷ죬СС;ѾﵽֶֿܸʵҲȷ̫ĿˣȻԵǶгɼǵҲƾĵһ֣ôһǸƾƲһ
ŷҹʱҲһҪѹһµˡ


295 Բ
ַӦֻΪŷҹǰٶ̫죬ƺ̫չ˲ŻȻ˽˶Թűʵ
ЩԼŤʱҲһ£Ǿŷҹƾһˣֻһ䣬ԶԷ˵ĵ鳤ҲûʸСС
ͺұæĸ֣أãﲻҲʲô¶˭ҪҷʩֻĶĶȥû㰡
ⷽ˵ЩʧˣֻǴҶûмʶôĿ䣬һʱ侹ȻݣһĻ˿ˡ
ǰȻѾԲǷôҿԻȥϢһˣԿʱ࣬鷳Ҳˣ̾Ϳ˵
ŷҹﲢôܴȻܿóȻŷҹܲЩ˵Ŀȴֵʲôɫ
˵ҲæһˣǹһˣսҲҪһˡ
æҾԵһɡֻ˵Ҫһ£ȴҲû˵Ҫʲôſڡ
ҲǾԴҲ߲ʣֻǰصš
Ȼ˵һǿ϶еһ⡣
Ȼʮ֮󣬸ո뿪ȻּҴҵ˻󻹴һˡ
˽гĳԱƽʱߵñȽϽЩͽԷ˼ҲˣȻҲ˼ֺøС
ԭҶûߣãЩҪŴҵ棬ŷҹһ飬ʡô˵ұ˽ʲôġתͷŷҹһۣʮİյġ
ҶӿȥλѾ㵽ģԴҶҲû˵
λĳŴҺܶ˶ʶƽʱ鷽ȽϤΪոոһЩ飬ǻĳЩڹ֪ˣͲòΪƾֵֻһ˵ߣŷҹѾΪʮһ
ӵȻκ鶼ҡһʱֻǵһЦǳͰȥ˵һ°ɣһ֮оݣǿѨ硣
ǰ˵Ļ϶䶼ģ֤˿֤Բſں˵ɫ˵
šֻ΢΢ͷʾԿʼˡ
ҽ˸鷽õ࣬Ǹ˸кЩ㱣ƺܵʲô̼Ծͷ׷ʡ˵÷ŭŷҹһۣʼ˵ҵİٰȰ֮£һʹޣһ߰ҽ˳
ǰ鷽Աһȥִ񣬺Ϊ˵С⣬鳤ŷҹȥæһ£ŷҹ֮󣬷¶һУͲ˵ڹĹ﷢һѴŷҹ̰ģʾ˲ϢֻʲôҲûп鷽Ϊֱȫвŷҹһŭ֮£ɱ鷽ѴΪУвˣֻ˵ڴĹѲ鷽սˡ
ʱ򣬲黹ǵĳԱѾüͷԭֻǶŷҹеССĲȴһ˵ĶĻŷҹ͸þ͵ظɱ
ԭ£Ͼ˸ߵΪҲŽʸ񣬿ҪưƾĳԱˣֻһĳԱҲԲôˡ
Ҳʱ˼ɻ鷽ҵģȻˣǴҶ֪һǸߵģûè壬⻹治˵
˴ҵı飬˿ûͣٵؼ˵鷽ĹϵܺãҲϴӦŷҹȻѰһһ٣øֶݲУŲòͬտڲᱦ顣
ͷһתĿ⾼ŷҹŷҹΪѾúû뵽໹˵
ߣŷҹʲô˵ûУŭ
֮ǰûнڣڿһѵĻᣬʱŷҹ˶˵ʲôġ
һ˲ǰҽûĵزֽҵˣ޲ϾͳְŷҹƷ
Ͼܣŷҹ˵һ仰Ҳ̫ϷˣҪȣŷҹһ仰˵ʱٶ֣ʱҲûʲô˿ˡ
ǰŷҹˣҿΪǰһ˵
㵣ʲô鷽ѾˣĵʲôãŭΪ鳤̻ŷҹһƾĸ߲һΪΪںԼˣȻΪ˵飬㲻ʧƾ鳤ְ𣿡
ΪΪ֮ףҲŲſں˵˵֮ǰѾһ㱨ǻ鳤ԭίոճ˵ҲھͰǽʸȻֻԼտڵ˶˵ġ
˵ˣҲ鳤һŷҹվһġ˵һ䡣
ǰô˵ֻг˵Ļţ˵Ļֻܵα֤ǺǣϲĨǣȴҲЦΪԷ˵ʵ̫޳ˡ
޷Ȼ˵ľǵʣǾͰһɡӵ̬ȲƫУЩˣʼʱƺǺΪŷҹǵİ
󹦷ѾһּƣеҪ˵ĸоⲻǰŵĸԱǴۻᰡ
˵˵ŷҹʱʱǲвǣ汦䣬ҪΪУһˣѾʩѹˣΪϧɱ˸Ե鷽˵ɣֻҪ˵ʵú˭в˵˻ѣǾ͸ıһͬ
ֻ䣬Ѿ׷ʲô飬ǺһȻ˵ŷҹɱ鷽̾ͷǰ鷽ŷҹһϵҲûУȥѾдɲϻ㱨ȥ
ٴμ򵥵˵һ¹Ĺ׸飬鷽ʱΪΥŷҹȥĹײϵıǸ׵ġ
ЩѾдһβϣ˵˿û©ĵط
ѾѻúԲˡЦš
ЩʵһԶûСҲǰ˵
ҲɡӲÿɷֻóҲ
࣬˵Ļǰ˵һ飬£ڶĵǰǰκ˸㣬ѪĴ˵ŷҹȥ
ŷҹв˵ֻҪҰɱ鷽˵ȥɱңңңЩ㱣ɫԵ㲣ȷܵ˲СĴݲС
ƺ仰ȼˣŷҹݺݵ


296 ô
˵˵Ǳ߶ȴѾˣŷϴԼȥ㣬㾹Ȼûĵ֪ͻ棬û˱ҸڹĹǴ״սŷϴ͸֧˹ȥһֱ˯ѹһ·һ쾩ǣǸһص쾩Һŷϴ죬֮ŷϴһֱ鳤һôлȥв
ߣֻһ֮ʣ˭֤ŷҹĻˣǱĻѻָ㲵ѵҿڵ״̬ôҲһߣھȻӣܵ˼ȵĴݲУӣѵ⻹㹻֤Ļ
ִһʣǵ黹ˣҲһʱò⣬Ҫ˵ѣӦҲû˻ԼôĻѣ״̬ȷǼٵġ
Ҫ˵ŷҹˣ鳤׺˵ҲеЦŷҹٴƾѱ䵽һ߶Ҳƾ̫˰
жƫ򣬵ʱȴĿͶӣ飬ֻпӵľˡ
ŷҹô˵ʵ
ʱҲ𣬴ʣ֣ٵ֤ĿߣŷҹҪȻû˵
⵽ǺˣĬˣ
Ҫ˵СӻẦ£Щ˾Ȼţô˵϶Ĭˡ
뷨ˣȫûǵ𰸶Ѿŷҹȫɱ˷ˡ
𣿡ŷҹʱüͷ΢壬ǰĿϣƵ˳ϣ֮࣬ʲôܡ
Ȼԡӵͷ
ŷҹǵһվŲ࣬Լ̫СԶ˶Էһ
վסŷҹһ߽ô
ôƾ͵ô˶ŵ£㻹һʲôıŷҹʵ
ü˵ʵе£µҲȷʵ̫ûˣȷǰŷҹٴҲҵżȫƾֵɱ˰ɣ
ɿŷҹһʱ򣬳ģ֪⵽ʲôԭ
֮£ֻԼ뿪࣬źȶһ¡
ƾĿⶼŷҹϣҲû̫עķٶֻǿŷҹҪЩʲô
࣬˵ŷҹֱ߽֮ŶԷ˫ʵ
ʮãؿ˶Էһۣеµص˵ͷ
㻹ʲô˵ģһ̾ͰֱͦЩʵ
ֻŷҹͷһۣһʱѾԼĪ
Ҿ뵱췢ɣŷҹתصϣȻ֣һüġ
ңû뵽ŷҹȻ󵨵ƾô˵棬ˡ
һû뵽һӦǶˣ¶߶Ƥ˭Ҳûа취˵ԷϾⶼ֤ˣӲ˵ǶԷ֤٣ҲҪҶŲа
ںˣŷҹôһŪ㲻ģҲˡ
ҪȻΪʲôҪɱڣ֤ݣ֤
˲ѾҪְŷҹɱûκһ˻ֹģΪǰһĻѾ˵һˡ
ŷŷ磿ôûüֵʱȴһ飬ãؿ˿ΧĻ˳ʱͻȻɫ䣬æͶ㵽ŷҹ󣬡ŷңˣָ֤ɱ鷽ȻҪɱң
Ѿһͣ˰Уȥ
˭û뵽ģҪ˵ŷҹʩʲôĻԵڵŸ״̬ģոǸˣȫһãľ״ʱҶΪܵŷҹĥԲŻǸҲûж룬ڿʱǱʩ֮Ķ
ҹɣƾиֶҵҪĶǿߣҰǲѻƾﰡŷҹ͵ԼԭĵطҲǸˣһ仰˵ֻǸһҩ裬ȥԼϢˡ
ʲôˣҲûбҪٲ˰ɣȴ̤ǰһʵ
˵ļ֮󣬶ȥˣʲôش¼ǲŻһΣڵ飬ֻˡ
˵ĳ̶ȣһЩǲֵġ
ңǣǳǰԸ֤Щŵ˵ǰ˵ҪݺŷҹһҲŻôһⲻҵ¶Ĳҵ£ֻһʱͿҪͽһǰִ£ҵȷԣıң
㣡쵰ʲôʱ飬ȻѪˣʵַܲתոջΪץŷҹİѱҪöԷأھȻԼڵ˻̼ϡ
ŷҹȻƾˣҲſݣȻǵ鳤֤ʵݺŷҹҲٲ˼ĳͷ
ԸΪҲܵеùƾһ֣ʱֻ³Ҳʮҡ
ؼǣˣҲûʲôԹɺ޵ģֻܹԼСģòܣûָʹȥȫǳԼ׽˵ʲôŷҹ֤ݣöԷأڿɺãԷûʰԼʰȥˡ
ߣָʹ㣬㣬ԻǵǴѧģӵһγ˵Ҳֻһ㣬ղŶ˼ѡ
һӿڣ̾ͱЩţ֪ѶԸľӺŷҹˣŷҹûٶ֣ң˭֪ʱһ仰ͰʵЩ֮еõһƪаţоˡ
ô˵ĹҲ֮еõģӽʡ
ҵĹǣͳĻĹæ͡
ûǹǲǻĵģȻһίˣĵĹҲʲô£˵
ʲô
ƾ˶ˣ˵˰죬һﾹȻǶίˣ
Ǳ˵ĵҲˣǻӿ˵;Դˡ
㾹ȻǶίˣָųŭʵ
˵Ҳ֪ΪһԷߵĵԱԷ־ٶ϶ĿĵģǷһ
˵һͣʱ򣬾ѾҪˮԽԽˣû뵽ŷҹһоļıҲĵƶ֪ڻʲô˵ġ
ӱһԷͲıۣκˣ˵һ仰
ʱһʱ뵽ľǴɱöɫ͸ǶƬ״ȥ׼һɱˡ
ҲһûʲôΪˣ˷ӦʱҲѾˡ
úѾ¶ˣǾͲ·ֻƴһ˵ڴɱӵʱ򣬻ڴҵ£ԼһܵĻᡣ
ҲǺãģҲʲôϣƾиֶڰ


297 ӣ
Լô꣬һֱѰŻӽӣôɱѡѡȥȻѡôһĿʱ̶ˣʵ̫ˡ
ӣ˭Ҳ벻ǣһζ
ȥɱȴҡһεԷ֮䣬ӽȥ˴󲿷ֵ͸Ƕ
һĻ˶û뵽ȻЩҲ˼Ƕȴʼû졣
ԿһĻҲǴΪʲôˣһľٶ
ô˵ԼҲòϣӾǵƾ죬Ȼӱ˵û˷ԣǵԵĻǻǲܵġ
һ飬㺦Ĳӣŷҹֿ䣬ҲǾĵģƾĴɣ˵ǸƾŶٶԹĶί˼ϸ͸ܷŹˡ
ڣӵһƬ͸Ƕ˭˵һٶܰӣҲɣ
һƬĶУ͸Ƕʮа˾ŶʣµһöԽԽΪλõĹϵҲûа취ӵˣֻǶǽϱ˰ѡ
ˢ
ôŶԷڶУһͷ⵽˶Էĺϡ
˵˭ͬʵ
ԷͷһᣬѾˡ
ֽǶίع֮ʮֳģҲ֪پȵûֱ˰ϳȥˡ
ƾ֮УȻܻ˶ίߣʵһЦƽ˵ʱ䣬ƾȷҪһˣԣͽȥɡ
ǡ
λûʲôµĻͿԻȥˡβ˵
һ֪ҲǸˣ׷ʲôΣҲ׼뿪
Ȼˣ鷽ǷҲɵ㣿û뵽ʱȻһ˳
鷽ǱģڵҲ֤ѵǰҪʲô֤ݣ΢΢ˬ
ҲʣֻǰѴʲôطǲǱĳ̰ûˣֻҪһ㣬Ͳҳɣʵ
ոûΣǴͬʱҲãԼϣľһҲûС
ȻǸڰͽҲöԷһЩ飬һΣԼȷʵûȥŷҹһԼġ
ƽʱҲûжй¶ʲô뵽ʱһ£òص㣬Ҳ˵ǲǸɱҲΪϢ
ôһ룬ֻû뵽һɣŷҹǱҪһµġ
ҵû뵽̾ͻӦ
ߣŷҹĹϵͱȽϽҪ˰
ңΪŷֵʵҲûʲôõģοƹĹĴ󹦣Ѿǰ˵ǰ˼ѽΪŷֵܵĽֻһʱûлѡԲӲ˵
˼ף鲢ǵΪֹˣѾҪ֣ҲҪȥˡ
ƹĹĴ󹦣һƹĹûдеõκмֵĶʧһҲǴ󹦣Щ
ֻһȴûпʱҲڵйڹ
Ϊŷϴ˶Ҫ棬ƾиֽ룬ҲһǶҪΪŷϴ빦վ˵
࣬ô˵һ˿ϣϾҵˣҲ֪ġ
֮ǰҪԸŷҹ鷽඼֪ģֻǳԸʱȴֹ֪ϵϾҵĹϵԵģһ˲֪Ϊһ֪Լ̬ȣ̾ͻᵹԼ߶
ңһԥͷ鳤˵öԣʱŷȣǼ˶
˵ʲôû뵽ྐྵȻ⣬һʱЩСѾͷʲô
ʱʱ鷽ŷָӺȰ棬һҪȥȡǰѱǸҲḴԼҲֻܹʱ̫̰ģȻ˵һ룬Ҳںʵ鶼˵˳
ãܺãԭı˿ȴһֱظź֣أɼʮַŭҲûô׷˵ʱһҲһ𽻸𣿡
϶ϢȻè壬ǾԲȫϹģ̰ѵʱԷ˵˵˳
ʵ֪顣
ʱȰʱֻ֪ҪѴŷҹڳĿ֮£ҲֻǰЩ˵˳ֻǿˣϢҲڲ֪˵˳ȴ֪䡣
Ŀٴ䵽ԼϣҲֻҡͷһԭˣһ˵һж˵Ҳ֪Ķ
Ҳ֪ҲʱǶֻŷҹŪûˣ֮û˵˭ҲûȥǶ
ŷҹˣת˻⣬ṵ̂ûȴҪһ𱦽˵ҪҪĵر˵ûĿģ
Ǵ׸ɾĹؼʱ÷ռĶɱңҲ֪ŷҹȻܰǿǸѩƾϣ
ûһţ˭֪ؼ仹ܲһһˡ
ռ䣿ҿԼϷɣɵ
ǺǣǰȻǹ죬Ƕڷȴһ˽⣬ͼ֮Լʹ򲻿ռ䣬Ҳûа취ƴ򿪵ĿռŷҹӻͳֳŵһʯȻ㲻ţҾ͵һ£ǰҳǸռĶǵǺһ
ܺãҵҪ˵ôķ䣬жŷҹù˫ۡ
ֻҪѶԷİϷˣҲܰǼĵرҪ֮ǰѾӦҪôҶһϣȻȥѡֺö
ŷҹȱ˵鷳ŸոտʼأԺеܵģİſɲֻ鷳ô򵥣ļƻѾʵʩˣҲǸոյõϢ
ǰ׼ˡŷҹѷУŵʯһףľˮ
仯һ⣬ڿһʧ١
ԹֻۣץסԷָСƭˡ
ǰֻһ£ǿʯͻأزˣͲ֪ôģѵŤתռķ֮
ڷֻ֪һЩҲ֪ǹɣڷʦҲʮֿصģΪŷҹƷҲǴŪһЩ䣬ôá
϶ˣŷҹǲɹģð˵¶ɽһ۾ûˣ⵽ô£
Ҫ˽ŷҹڹĹôѷ䵱ֽһʹõģͲô׵ˡ


298 õó
ǰ㿴ǺʯصĶȥˣõó𣿡ŷҹʵ
⣡ҲĶŪȥƿռ䣿ûֱ£
ŷҹһҲ̯̯֣ʾԼΣ˷һʯǶҲǱ
ȷǱǻԶ˵ˣǿһʯǲųɹعͷ˴ɱġ
ɴҲе֪ⶫһŪûˣﻹôĶ鰡
һΪǰܰⶫӿռóŴˡŷҹ̾Ϣһ䣬Ҫõóһóǿ̫ˣֻϧ
ôһ˵в˾ãŷҹΪŻôҪĶ飬ҪȻ˭ôɵ
ôһŪҶеˣһ˵Լҵʲôˣⲻǿ
¾͵ɣԣѴҲһŷҹɡӴʱҲ˵֮£ǹĹδսǸһ䣬պҪЩ˵ˡ
⻰һ˵ҲףǲʲôˡȻѾ˵˵ΪֹպҪʲô˵Ҳˡ
ðɣŷҹݣȴе顣Ȼپ£ͷȴǷŹŷҹϣΪƾĿ䣬ȻûбҪƾԱһƾأҲܵƾŸ鷳һСǳʲô鷳׻ǻƾ棬ʱǲ˵ƾ»飬ˣԺ䶼ҪΪǲҪƾ𣿡
ŷҹԴӳΪһֱйףûиƾҹʲô鷳ǰ⻰˵δЩ˰ɣԿŷҹҲ˼ŭԷǵ鳤Ҳô
𣿡ŷҹĿһ˿Цɱɾŵ׿ڳϵģѵ鷳
ԵǱ˵һͣȷ鷳ûƾ¶ϾʱŷҹƾĿݻ֪
ѾȥˣǱҲʾ⣬һжΪ˽˶ԹΪˣǰҲжŰɣ˱֣쾩Ҳǰѵ֪ԴʱȫںԷĵλȫȻԵػӦš
ΪʲôҶ֪ЩŵҲȷǹЩˣŰŮˣﰵж٣ҪҲ
ǴΪɣܶʱ˶׷Ҳһֻۣһֻ۹ȥˣ˴ˣ֪жֳƿ죬ŷҹˣǲΪŷҹƾ
෴֪ŷҹɱ֮󣬲֪˶лΪ쾩ǳһĲ˵ǳҵĳһԵӡ
˵ŷҹһٶƾһЩӰĻǺõģ˵Ѿ飬õ˵
ȻҲԵ˼˵¶ȷǲ̫ʣҲֻ˳һ£ȫԹѡ
ֻŷҹ黹ֻһɣ
˵ɵĳϣüͷ
ʱȻûбǱˣҲŷҹɽµӡ
ֹѾõϢѾڻɽΪ˵Ҫӹ򣬾˵һĵӰСѾͷһйأŷҹûйϵֻԼ֪˰ɣŷҹɫ뿴ԷʲôӦ
̫Զ쾩ȻˣҲһܱȵ˵ģЩֻҪĴһ£Ҳܲ³һЩ
ϢֵĵطһƬ򣬶СѾͷˣǸӾ˵Ҳˤˣ˲֪ʲôΣرһ㣬̾뵽϶ҲŷҹΪ
һ֮£ŷҹʱȷȥǹʧˣ˭ľͺˣɵĵӣһ֮ӣܱͨ˺ˣ
ҪʲôֻҪЩϢ͸¶ɣѾ㹻ŷҹһˡ
ŹƵõϢ̴ŭ󻤷ϣڶŷҹļɵȴûֱȥŷҹתȥץСźӣҪȲһЩ˵
Ͼŷҹһʵ̫Ѳ׵ģҲһ˵ӲƴȻһôҲɵĶ֣Ǵս˵һôҲûУһЩʧ
ǲ鵽˵ĻҲվ˵µߵϣƴҲƴֱ׳˵ˣɲŵĶӣŵĵӣһ£û뵽棬鵽˭ŻӲ
¶ŷҹйأҲʮа˾ģǸһòκ֤ݣͨɱɱˣŷҹһһҪ֤õѾѰСŵ䣬׼ץȥ˵ˡ
ˣǱץˣҲ֪ʲôģǵĻٰ˷ˣǲ¶ݣ˭Ҳ֪˭ġ
Ҳû뵽ͨ籨ŵˣôѾΪҪŷҹһЩѹͰǵٸ˵ˡ
ҲΪҲŷҹ֮ǰɱŰûзӦǿ϶Խƾӵ壬Էˣʵ벻ɻ᲻׷ɱԭ
ǣһΣȷǿŷҹɫˣһǴ䡣
ʱŷҹߵ࣬оһŷҹɢǸоȻҲʮֵη塣
ڵʮңҵĿܣҲŷҹĵˣһҪµˡ
ǰĵ黹ǲ٣ҵǲİⶼǷ֣һһЩŷҹվĿϡ
һҪЩ쾩꣬ʲô˾ܸشģһҵΪҲ˭ҵķ£ЦŻӦ
˵õҲɽ֮ʧô죬˭Ҳ뵽ǳ⣬ɿҵĺ̨ǳʲôԭǶ飬ֻû뵽¶Ȼǣŷҹ˶ûϵ֮ϲ
֮ǰܽҹ˵Ķɵĸһλǿŵ׶ӣɵĵӣ˵Ⱳӵ󲿷ֶϣˣ˵ˣ
ˣˣɵ
õϢ֮Ѿ϶ŷҹɣݰ
Ҳϣøûйϵֻ˿ɶѣҪմ£ɲƾܸȥӣҪ˵ȥţǺǣһӣ˼˵Ҳһ
ǰˡŷҹ̤ǰһϵⲻǰ֮ǰҪսϢˣڰɣ


299 ƾһ
Ŷû뵽ŷҹĵô죬ֺ¶ʲôµģԼɱֻŰһͨɵȥհɣܺãҾ쾩һ֣
Ҳһƾһ֣ǲǹʸ񣡡ŷҹʱĻҲٿˡ
仰̾ȼһٶʮս⣬ƾһ֣ƺΪݵģʲô鳤ԵҫһЩ
ŷҹȻʸŭɶѾҪһγֵʱӴúˣ֪һµңȻôŵ³
ŷҹʱѾһĳҲγ֣һŷҹնȥ
֮ľ벻Сֻڸ˵Ҳһգ۵Ĺûˡ
ಣ
ֻһƿգ漴ŷҹվλѾûӰĿһתŷȻǱҪ죬ͬѽмλúݺײһ
ڽԺؼԵû֮ûùأһθǰеעС

֮䱬ǣһһ˵ĽѾˣһӰײȥ
ֻǵҿ˵֮󣬶֣һʤɵľȻ
ոһûʲôֻǵһôӲƴ˶ǰ̾ŷҹ̫⣬ֻ̫ľ۷ԣҪ벻ǲܵģֻҪ벻̫ѿôҲһЩһЩİ취
ƴ˵ŷҹڳκˣڹɵһЩţδܶùһԼȥ
أ˵ӶҪˣﲻסڴʺţʲô֣ʲô֣ڵΪʲôɵĵҲ˰ɣ
ССѾʤƾһ֣Ҫٹ꣬»ȥĵط
ôֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬㹻Դŷҹٳɳ꣬δرκһɵĵӲҪ
ڴҶòӺˣ˭ó˱ϲ˵ʲôǰȴŷҹģͺô
ڿ츳ΪκκɿˣӦˣ˻֪£Ǵɵӡ
͵Ҷһսôͽʱŷҹȴûоʹͣ
һֻǰѽ˶ѣ˭˵ˣҪͣģ
ɣȴҲûȫʧȥսҪŶԷΪʤˣһͻȻϮֲ
ǻǺܺҵġСӣֻǸ㳤һ飬ڵûȫʱǲԷɵġ
ȻŷҹһͻأǴ󲿷ֶԼĴ⣬һǰŷҹжϴĻҲôͶ˽
Ҫûٸŷҹһɱʱ򣬾Ϳŷҹ˿ͣ٣׷Űһֱˡ
ؽһӣֻоԼһľιգѾǴ󺧣ŷҹҪûɱ˰ɣ
ҲĿ֮˼˽ŷҹ֮治ұ֤ʱһˣ᲻ֳ
ЩڣΪʲôԼôļƫƫҪʱ򻹸úõʰˣﻹҪٶһ¡
ֻûҩģֻôһ֮ܾûˡ
ס֣Χ۵󲿷ֶϵãҲǾԵģʮһǸϵʱĶܿȥʹ󺰳
ֻǺһԵģȥסǾͲ̫ˡ
һɤӺȥЧҲֻܾˡ
ŷҹһõϵûйǺ˼ֱӾͳĺɨ˹ȥ
ң֮ǰһɤӵˣѾˣǳᣬȥǿԵġ
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Ҳǵ֣ʱܲ˵ؾͳŷҹȥˡ
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ֻǿӹĺûһʿҲǰһ٣ؿھӭŷҹصһơ
عʮ࣬ǰֻǼǵԼ֪Ϲ˵ĹͷһΣû뵽Ĺߡ
ոһµɣٻܿԼ壬ײǽϣҲȫԽ͵ϮҲ׼ôģһΣȴȫʧȥˣֱӸߵķһ˳ȥȻ⡣
ŷҹһƵ֣漴һӶתڽһճԲʹһдһأǰѽúֻѾӽŷҹˣܸоѽϳŵֱǻûпѾеľˡ
ڵǾ͸ոյһҪֻĻǿ¶ѡ˵ڰ
˵ûǳʲôΪ˾ǾȲҲܳûŷҹûǵ˺ĵùˡ
Ȼ˶ûʵʵĽӴ¶ڶŵģһҪŷҹʹ˵Ƕпܡ
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ҲǣڶԽӵжǶ֣Ǹ
һйƣѸٵӦ֮£붼ơ
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ƹϵģû¶ȥ˰
λذɣŷҹһɨǰȻӲͣ۾ļһ˵һ

λֵܱΪӲҲõƤأ۾˰죬ͻȻôһһ˼û򣬶ʱˡ
˰˵˴˲ˣԼȥжûгͱŵˣǿǶ˶ˡ
ͬʱȴڸ̾ŷҹ裬ոһʽ̩ɽһ֪Ȼʽ򵥣ƼҪȻҲֶܰųǸӡ
ŷҹһķɵñҪԶҲû˻ᾪȣǾȵǣŷҹȻշ磬һ˲ٹ̾ͱ任ǱһķɻҪѵöడ
лȻн飬ҲҪˣ֪ոһ˼ˣȻԼڿɲ֪ʲôأŷҹ֮תȥǱ߶ص
ߣȴӲ˦λѵĲԼҡҡλεվĻҪŷҹˡ
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ˣѾ˳Ծˣһŷҹ⻰ŷҹָڣȻǰΪӾ۷ˡ
ȻҲ֪ôģǿı飬׵һ֪ŷҹ˵ĲǼٵˡ


300 лǰ
ôһ룬ŷҹĻ͸ֵƷζһˡʲôСꡱһ侯棬в
ҵҲãƾĵһҲãǸʵ꣬Ҫ껹ǸұΪɾͲұ֤ٻָˡ
ֵǺأԼҲˣҲ㹻ˡȻˣҲԼʵȷǲŷҹȴܷ䡣
ȫԸѣǰƾһ֣ģòȫԸŷҹȴǺܲ˰˰֣ǰɴΪҲ̫ӦãһǱԵʱ򣬾Ͱѹдǰ֤ҲȫҲˡ
Եһ֣ҲȫԣЩôȡЦԷƫƫǱԼĻ⣬Ҳûʲô˵ģֻԼɫһһ죬һԵתˡ
ûʲôĻҲǡŷҹӹ˵
ʲô鷳ˣǵҡӵͷȴҲδؾ˵ϻ
ǺǣлǰŷҹЦЦ
仰һ飬ֻŷҹڲȥЩˡ
ɱŰɱѾЩ˵׼
ȥһ̣˵
ˣһ˾ˡŷҹ˵
רܱԼһܵÿ죬ҪԨɣѵ
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һŷҹˣҲûʲô˵ģΪܶʱŷҹȥƽϣǼƽҲ̫У˭׽ˣǾֻŭˡ
˲ʱȥûʲôɱһû뵽ʲô
ŷҹҪߣԾ֪϶ǵһʱҪȥǸʧСźӣµòСźӣӦþǻصŷҹĴӪԨȥˡ
Ͼŷҹļ˵İҲ׵öࡣ
ֻţʲôϱЩûӵˣȥˣҪĻ֪ɻ᲻ᱻŷҹַˡ
һ˸һַˣȵĵľȻǸɣ뵽Լоˡ
ǱʶŷҹҲЩˡ
ҲãŪԼȥˡŷҹ˵
ȻĸȥŷҹҲûԼ¶ƾ鳤ȥģϾݻкܶ಻ʱ򣬰Ĳȥʲô顣
Ǻãȥ㰲šԿŷҹ֣Ҳûٶ˵ʲô
ʵŷҹ˵ҲͲţֻǶԷѾ˵Ҳô˵ˡ
ȥ˳ңƷɿŷҹȻǳŻӭȻҲų㣬æòɿŷҹңǿǱκ鶼ҪҪö࣬һá
ˣϴûߵĳҲˣֻг־Ϊͻ˾죬ţʱػعûǰӭӡ
ŷһҪڼס죬С춼߶ءƷرϣŷҹڳסţΪģһӰ;ó̾޵һ
ү㲻æˣϾߣͳ־ȥԨ쾩飬ȳŰɡŷҹǴĵӣҪԶһ
߰ǣһɳǰɣƷȻеʧŷҹܴųߣҲһ¶
ڵĳң˵׻ΪŷҹĹϵãǿ˳ϣŷҹƾʲôðŸѵķҰ
ҪǸĹϵǳҪŷҹĴҲûпܵġ
ˣǸϽɡŷҹ˵
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뵽ЩůůģŷҹԼʲôʼԼһλõģλþѣöѡ
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µǣڶ㳵ʱ򣬳ٶģֱӰѳŵСЩˡ
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û¶ƾĳôһ˵ŷҹǾԿﾡˣҪһĳɲôܡ
ֳƾִõģǿɶǸعװһģܵٿҲõĳɢˣټǿ鳵ƣĵҲ£ִ
ŷҹҲϲôӷ棬죬ҲòȨı˽һˡ
ǰǣշվǰ濴һۣһҪͣ˰ɡ
ƾĳǲýɷѵģշվҲ˼ҰѸ˶̧߰
ãҪţŷҹ˵仰ʱ򣬳Ѿͬʱֵϡ
ۡһշվе˱ŷҹײ˳ȥȴһûس˹ȥ


301 £
շվŮշԱոմ򿪴Ҫշѵʱ򣬳Ѿ쭵ûӰˣҲŵôΪܵʲôֲϮء
ųѾûӰˣѾ̾ʹ绰̾һˣ⻹ûô͵ĴأѵʲôΥǱӷ
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ӳո֪ͨһصʱ򣬶ԷѾӵ˱ѾͨԷĹؿһǰˡ
ӣѾ˻رŷҹϢ˴һǲһ¶Էĳƣȷ϶Էʻ򣬽žϵŸոʮӶѣԷĳȴѾ֮ˡ
ߵĸ򣿡λԱ̾ʵ
ȥԨĸ٣˻ش
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Ƕƶˣ⳵ܶȵ绰
ŷ磬⣡ǳ־ҲеܲˣĻǺʱץŷ֣Ҷһ£Ŷķ˵ô죡죡£𣿡
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־ˣʵѾ˲ȥǻ᲻ײϱˣؼٶȣײϱˣҲܲ˰
ŷҹһ·񱼣ٻڷŵʱԴ绰
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˵߰ҲԣǹҲ˵ŷҹһСʱһǧ·ϣ갲ϳͲˡ
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ô˵СӶǽƻúܣȻܸɿ⣬ǶԸһŵɢޣǶҲҪעЩӰ졣Ǯٴѵ
ףСӦҲ쾩ǣæƾЩ˵ɣǺǣӦٻԨѾʲôϢ֪ˡܳЦ
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˾֣ȻǸ˵úܣŵĶˣĹϵҲֻǳһв
Ǯҡͷʦܵͣ飬λҪȥΪãһлᣬһ˳ʱȻûٹ顣
ܳϿǮϷԣҲû˵ʲôȻˣΪ䣬ǿ׳ҲСƵģĳЩҪҲСֻϧǮЩͬˣҲ޿κΣֻǶԷ˵һлԼ˵ɡ


303 СѾͷ
ʦǻ̰ɣҲվ
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Ǯ΢̾һЩɸһȥɣ
Ҳ֪ⶫ˵ҲûãӺСűץ֮󣬿϶ҲͲٷŻȥˡ˿ڣ֤ŷҹɱˣҪµ֤ˣ֤ܻܲҲ˵
ʲôҲ鲻˵ǣǾһ;ҲûˣҲܰǷŻȥһ˶֪ɾȻֵͨϣգøֶݺŷҹǿɾʹɵˡ
ȻҶˣ͸ܳϣҲûʲôǮ̾ҪܳϵΪΪ֮һܳҲſ˾غڵı߶ֽȿʮʧ
лǮʦ֣ǺǣİɣպһЩģΪ̫ġܳ϶ʱϲ߰߰ɣһȥץ˵
ǮϺ϶ǿЦһ£ʦܣոջһԸģһСѾͷ͸ˣͱһˣŮ˶ǱʲôǿҪܷһľϣڵΪҲ϶һȵվھغˡ
һţ̾׼ӭǰ˾ר׼Ӵ󻤷ϵģҪСЩ˵ŪǶԷʲôҪҲ㶨
ȥǸѾͷĵص㡣ܳЩ˵ʱȻ¶Լɫ࣬ԷԸһ䡣
ӶѾˣλֻҪ¥̾Ϳ԰͵ص㣬ֻ¶ЩΪ̫ͣ¶棡Ϊѵ˵
޷ֻҪ͵ص㣬鶼ɡǮϵ˵
лϣ롣æλȥһֱϡ
λϣ֪費Ҫһ·Ѿŷҹľæʵ˶Ǵĳװ߳ȥʵ̫էˣ̾뵽ЩһˣҲ׼һЩͨ˴·ĶѾ׼˼⼸λү⣬һױ¶ݡ
ߣƾЩˣҲܿõǵ٣ϲм
ǣǣһ˼Ҷô˵ˣǾ˰ɣǰŷҹңǸССŵŮͽӵˣסͬʱסĻŷҹˡ
ţܺãŰɣһһǴ˳ֱӴߡܳ˵
ǣѾ׼ˣǵĺءæ˵
ܺá˵һ䣬Ѿ³ű￴һֱۣһ
ٶȻǼģֻǰһ˾Ѿˣæؿڣֲ˼˵û·أٶȣǿˣҲΪԼǼء
ץͨˣò󻤷ϣΪԸŷҹļˣСڻҲ൱ЩҲֱ϶ˡ
Ҳûа¶ŷҹ𣿾ŷҹˣһѵ
һԺӣѸٵ˿Ȼŷҹһʶǵ˾죬ǵʶͨҪǿ˲֪٣ĸжֻǺҲһֻҪǲ˷֣˭ֲǡ
ֵǣ˵֮󣬾Ȼһˣһֲˡ
ѵϢ˴󣬻ǸպòɣЩ˶ˣ
ŷҹļҿ϶ŪĻҲͲܱɷˡҲֻǽΪ̫ɣ˶ȥˡ
˶ЩƣòһˣȻ˸գ˭Ҳûа취ֻǸ̽Ϣ̫Ҳ֪Ÿһ¡
ȻλԶˣͱæҪߣҾһµ֮ꡣһ˵ķ䴫
ϱɫҪ˳ȥģȻ̰һոѾȷûˣôͻȻðһ
ʲôװŪܳŭϣʲôʱϷŪ
ǹҼңҶû˵ʲôȻ˵װŪϵƤǺ񰡣ŷҹӷŶЦ˵Ҳλʾһ£
ʲôˣôǱʲôĿģǮϴʱĿҲ¶˼
˵ҼңȻŷҹǵΪ𣿡ŷҹЦҵĲңǿЦɵϣ˭ҵŶûŪѾ˰ɣ
ŷҹһ˶Ժˡ
Ҳû뵽ΪǴ쾩˳Ԩʱ򣬲˵ŷҹ쾩æŸһôôˣ
ңҪңҪǣŷҹһָķţСźҲӷ˳
һ϶ֻ㱵ĸоûˣһٵȷ£ŷҹǴⷿ߳ˣСź˾ȻҲǴ߳ģѵǵĸо
ŷҹһйŹֻ˵ǹߣЩֶΣǲȻأҲʲôرģӺСҲǸо˲ˡ
ˣΪǵõϢǸ֮ӣŵӹʧйأҪѯһЩǮϿѾ̶ȣҲ
ǲϣԷѵͲ²Ҫʲô֪ҲͲרˡ
ŶŷҹҲЦݣɫ˵ھʲô⣬Ǿʰɡ
Щŷҹ⻰˵ÿƺ˵ҪǣǾʰɣôʣˣ˭ɱ֪ǲǸǰŷҹйϵ
ôǻֱŷҹǲɱøһ
ԭҪСźץߣûôúõʵģôҪʳǲаŶء
ôôʣѵҪһرһ𣿡ŷҹЦЦʵ
ŷҹ˸йأŹѾҪǴʣ㲻Ҫǰɣܳϳ
ŶȻŶѾˣǺα͵͵ؽҼңշ˵ھ˽լǿԱץǵģ˵ŵĶʧˣӦñɼ֣ҼץʣûȨǷᣬ֪𣿡ŷҹֱ׳˵


304 ش
һͨ˵϶ƿԣŷҹЩĵؼǶɵ˵Щǲõġ
ǻʲô˽լʲôûȨʣǱǲǿЦ𣿾ܹܵǵ飿
ǣȻ󻤷ϣ˵֣һ
ҲЩ޻˵ȷ˵ڵȷ͵͵ؽŷҹԭǰץߣȻѾˡ
ȻŷҹѾ֪˵٣ǾɻǰˣҲ֮ǰһʲʲôֱһɱ˽
ҪĻŷҹҪ
ô˵ҪԣһҪˣһȵǮϣʱȴǷ˺ݡ
˼˵ҪԸҵѣһҪ𣿡ŷҹҲʵ
Ǯ̹ȻӦԷԸ˭赲
ǺǣǵţɲҵţҪѧĹأһףΪ˵þ͸ʥּһʹŷҹЦ
˾ȻţǾɰǾԶ̵ġ
ȻҲɶֶѣ²ǲˣھͶһ˳ҲһŷҹĽ
ȷǺѲ¶ҲΪҪСǻȥ˲ˡôѲĻһˣǾ͸ðˣֱӰŷҹһȥ
ʱСžͳ˶һˣֱŷҹˣŷҹˣҲû˻֪ġ
¶Ǿ´ȥŻѡôػصķʽŷҹԼײǹϣڱ˶֪°˸ߣǿɾûʲôˡ
Ǯһ˲⣬ȻҲͱǿӲˡ
ߣǲʲôˣȻ˵Ҫʹ飬֪ĸһ࣬ҾԸһˣôŷҹͻȻһת
϶һüͷҪû֮ǰҲǲУֻҪܰŷҹߣҲʧΪһ취ȴǲУСźӶѾ֪Լ˰ߣҪǵʱԼҪɱǲҪ¶ˣ
ڵ¶ۣܵҪ߶ץߣڵǹץСźӣҲѾûˣȫʼնǱס
УҲشɣҪһɣ㣬Ȼô˵ôҲһɡô˵
ɱڵļƲòŷҹЦȷֻ𣿻и֪ɣҪҪҲһǶϣŷҹָָһͷһУᱻ¼񣬴͵ƾǰҪҪҲɱˣ
ߣΪӵǾͻ𣿡ܳϴŭ˦־һһͷˡ
ǺǣǱ߻һҪҪһƣһҪǮġŷҹЦָܳ
ܳϻİͷҲһǮȴһס
ˣЩģҲ̫ҪˣʱҲҪˣ¶ȻѾ˳ȥҪٰʣµͷ򻵣ǲ﷢ʲô飬ζҪˡ
ŷҹƾĿݣҲ֪һЩģΪЩԲŻȽѰ졣
ŷҹ㲻Ǹߣô˵ȥĻֻһսˣǮϳ
ʹɣ˵˰죬һܵôڿʼɣŷҹָˣһһһϣ
һŭȴûзǮϾȻʹһɫʾһϡ
ϷĸУǮһԾѾһȻŷҹɨȥ
һһģҲ׷ŷҹкȥ
ϴһǮһӦȥһҪӭսܳϺ϶װûһҲһųˣҪ̵ʱһٰŷҹ
ҪǰˣǾͺ˵öˣѾҪװʧְŷҹɱˡ
Ǹ᲻ᵽӵϣ˵˵ֻŷҹŻǵ˵Ͼֻһ䣬ҲôõĹϵöԷʱ̶
Կ϶¼ˣ취˴͵ģֻҪǰ¼õһоͶ㶨ˡ
ʱٰǰСźһɱ¶ǽˡ

϶ǰĿŷҹ˭֪ŷҹ߶ûжǻûзӦֻ˹
˵Ķ̫죬һʱѾŷҹĸǰˣһŷҹʱѾˣӰˣԭվλãֻһƬһƬĻ𰡣
ȵùľǴϵķһգʱͳ˹˶˦üôʣëͺ˵Ĵëʡ
ǺһҲûкõȥǵıǵǲᱻһվûУΪ̫üëճ˽ģʱŶԷ󣬶Цĳ嶯һԼҲǾֻʣ޵ͷˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ôһ˿вȻŪǱӣ֮󣬲֪ҪǱЦʲôӡ
ɶ񣡡ǮϿԼͺͷëʣһȵҲŭǷ˿ɲһĶԭǼޱȵƷ˭뵽𰡣
һӰѪŪûˣʣʣ˼ëǻָ⼸ë̶ѷ
˼һϻһҲûкһˣҵȻҲְһ£ҲҵѵԺҪ͵Ϯ˵ʱҲҪű͵ϮȻǻǱġŷҹǺЦţһ˼ûУǵúܣһ䣬һһһϣ
һ𣬰СӸˣܳ嶯һʱǮ˵Ѿ˵Լ
ǮһξȻҲûзҲǱŷҹŪˡ
ŷҹûгֻ֣ǵȻغһ

ʱһƬˢˢƿ˶֪ЩǴˡ
ԹһοϣȻ˷æʮֽ䱸ذЩȻصĽصҲСǱϾǾظ֣˵ЩҪǻôס
ֳֻɾ͸вûгΪǲŰǰĽȥͷԼѾУһɱǣʮնڱǿҲЩܲˡ
ʱԭΪѾǱһͻƣ˵ĺһϰصĵطѾǵƤ˵Ѫۡ
Ȼ˲أڸ˵ֱܴ衣
һʱ򣬾ͼ˵ıҲվ˵ģŷҹ߶ֵĽʱҲ׳˸Ľ
ѾѹһΣҪ⣬͵Ϯ˵ͬʱԼǾǲŷҹЦЦǸǽܣλҵѣԳ֣ӦҲҰɣ


305 
϶ŭؿɰŮңëߣ
Ҫƽʱܳϻ˼࿴ۣڣǺɫҲֻǵԼķŭ
ɱǮһ£˲ԼͬȥǷŷҹҪѺѩȿסҪЮŷҹ
ǱǲмģǴӽŶǾûռˣܳԸҲ뵽οߵˡ
Ƕðһ뷨ŷҹҲѧǣ϶ɱɣ
Ҳ֪¶ϲ̨ܲ˵Ϊ͵͵ҪŷҹѣԲűԷɱ˰ɣ
û֤ݵ¶ô˵ɶˡ
ӦٶȲѩҲûվţʵϻûеǳʱѾڳˡ
Ȼ϶ʱӭһƬ棬Ůʮֺּ˼ȻзһֵͨҲʵЩæˡ
λ𣿡ŷҹ̤еĲӳȥ
ͷβ˼Լɣ
ϾǲҲóϣˣˡ
ŷҹŷҹûг֣ЩߵˣһѷͰǸѵôǱʵ벻
һôҲ벻׵ģķ䣬˭ŷҹģôôࣿ
ĹŷҹƷһζҲ֪Ψһ֪ˣ鷽ˣҲٻңȻṩЩϢ
Ժֻ֪ܶŷҹżóǲ֪ķƵġ
һƷʦʵ̫ѵˣԺܶ˶ΪŷҹķҲֻżȻõţ˭ҲΪˣƷı¡
褣ҲҪ۸ˣ֣ŷҹ˵Ѿߵ档
۸ʶ棬ʲôʱǻ뵽Լõľغڸ֣ȻҲСһתɲ۸۸ˣ
۸㣬㻹˵Ƶˣ˿Ȼȫȫվŷҹϡ
ܹǴɵĳϣŵĶˣôҲǵӡŷҹƽ˵
ֿˣ˰ڲ˵ӻ𣿿һ£еĵط
Ҫ˵ûʲôˣҪ˵ӣ趪˲֪һȥˣ
ǺðɣԼСģ˵Ҳ˵˺档
λһһһϣŷҹʵ
⣬ҲôʵˣǶһϣ˼ҲһˣⱾûʲô˭뵽ôķҲһϰǾͺܿſˣſǽһ˼ҵı߶ûմѾ˵ˡ
ĸСһǮϲҪȡˣ˼ôأҪȺŹȺ˼ңֻܵˣڴ֮ǰŷһ⣬ŵĶӹǲǱɱģ
úͻأܳϺ϶ЩΪȻô֪࣬ŷҹǲ𣿻˵Ѿٷ֮ʮؿ϶˶Էֻ֣֤ݣܰ°ȥԸԷѡ
ǶԷҲɵӿʼڣһֱڱž裬ҲջûС
ãŻ취ˣûöԷ˵ôֱʲôЧϸ㣿
ɱģûйϵҪңֻҪһ˾ͿˣҵļˣҪȥɧţȻǶڣŷҹͷܳϺϾĿȻĳˡ
ֻǮϵǲֵӣΪ֮ǰһֱͼ˵Ҫŷҹѣȥŷҹкܴ
ŷҹںĲԼİΣǲԸԼѾЩ
ͬģЩ˲ֱʣŷҹҲֱͬ˵¶ڵʱŷҹҲռϷأȫûбҪ¶Լ
ǷʵʱŷҹҲмȥΪϵʱ䳤ˣ綼֪Ҳǲ³ӰԼߵˣֱӾͻش⡣
ߣ˵һ˾һҿ⼸ͨͨ⣡ܳ϶ڸոսŮҲ뷨˿ǸСŻζץߣһֱġ
ں֮ǰһһʼû뵽ŷҹô䣬ҪһʼĻҲôǱ
˵֮ǰıԣҲûдһӾº֣ͳɱеĻǾ͸ڵˡ
ǵʱûȷõŷҹ֤ݣ˵ʵǲֱӶŷҹģڲһŷҹ׿ڶˣǳ֮Ҳʲô˼ɣֱɱƾҲûʲô˵ģֻǸ֮ӱ𣬶Ѿȷˣô˵
˵һɱģһɱģΪҪɱòŵڶ˰æŷҹĿҲ¶˼⣬ҼȻѾ׵ظǣ˭뷨ͱ²飡
飬⻰Ӧ˵ɣ㻹Ϊмŷ޵Уû˸Ұô𣿡ܳﱾһ챻ŪǱӣʼնҪһģʱŷҹҪ󣬡ϷƫƫҪ˶ȥСѾͷСһٲˣߣҿܰң
ôֻû˵ͿŷҹѾˡ
ܳҲ˿壬˷ŷҹٴ͵Ϯ
ŷҹڽУȻֻǾسڣǱĽͨͲܵͬԣǿȣԿȾ۷ĸ֣ڶϽ˵ڸܷڵ
һӳȫʲôУֻǴ϶£Ⱥһ㣬Ӳն
ܳȻ£ôҲһڵĻϣôҲôһӲ
ߣУΪɵĻ϶ǱŴ𣿡ܳϰһƵַµЧϾոյЩ̫һǾ۷նһҲδؾЧ
ãʦܿǮȴһ۾Ϳæѡ
һɲʲôУܳϸոյĻѶԷˣҪһѸѵ
Ƶ̶ֳȣǿɾͲֻǽѵˣƫƫܳҪǲܵĻһͻҪ
ϵҲܳҪһЩǮϵѣȻҲһ۾ͿԷһʵʵУǻҪʵа
һ˲䣬ͬʱ֣ȥܳϣԼҲûʲôȥһõİ취ȥ͵Ϯŷҹ
ν䲻òȣֻҪŷҹҪȻҪֵҲȻͻᱻʱ˵İɡ
ߣ˵˵ĵĵĲذѾǵڶˡŷҹһȴǻʱ䡣
Ǯһ죬⻰Ȼ˵ġ
ɶѾӦǵͷǴһϣҲûа취ˣ˵ǮϵģܳһԷˣϾ;ҪŪԷðС椶һŪߣ˭֪ԷһȻôҪǲְæĻ˭֪᲻һܳϸ


306 ڶѱ
Ҫɻϣ˶ڵ£ӲŷҹһˣǿɲܳһҪ⣬ǣɶ˰
ϴһնŷҹߣһ԰ŷҹ˶ǮǴҲ࣬һŷҹţҲһС
Ȼ˵ǳֵĿǰܳϽΧһгŷҹ᲻ˣ᲻Ҳ
ⶼС˼ǰæ˭ҪŷҹһŪ
ŷҹѾɱҲˣοǻܳΣʱֵģǷִûպãҲǿԭµ
ֻЩģͷֻոһǾͷԼˡ
ŷҹһܳϲûиı䣬ֻһһѶϽȻĿҪȡߵϡ
ѶϽ̫죬һۿʱѾо˺ƽһǷͬСɣҲ˲ȥɱŷҹǰѵһᣬһȫص̬
ķӦǲҲǸһЩôֻһıѾϳأǰѶϽƤ˹ȥ
ȴһ亹˳ż
ŷҹһ֮һ࣬մһתŵһʱ߿գʱŷҹҲѾתǮϣտյȻٴһӡ
ĽˢһǮϻѳջأѾϳض
Σٵĵڶѱˣ۶ۣź˰
ŷҹǲ֪Ķһֱǲôһ㣬Ҫĺϣɲģ˵ٽһˣǰ磬Ҳܲ˰
µǣһǮϵ׶ûףôһ£ôƾնһأ
֮ǰķ䣬ҲнǺôҲǷ֮һ̶ȿɲǷĽܱȵģ˵Ҳûпκη䰡
˵ʱʵһжڵʯ֮䣬ŷҹһתʱѾ϶ˣһתʱ򣬾ڽȻһ֮ǰһֱûбϹȻܳϵĽϡ

һײʵЩƣܳϵıҲûжϣֻоԼĽԷþ޴˻Ȼڽϴһش
֮ףһش治Ǻܵġ
ۣ
ܳϱһҵõɳȥؿڴƵ޷һѪ˳
Ҫ𣿡ŷҹվֳһѾؽ޵սһǡ
ˣǮѾóٴȥԼ˵Ҫ񶼼񲻻ȥˡ
˼һˣ˵ĹƶǰܳϴѪ˵Ըղ״̬˵ŷҹɱκһˣֻһźķݶǻʲô
һ˹ҪҲҪһ¹ڼȻѾˣҲͲٶʲôɸꡣǮ˼ŴǣʵҲûа취ʲôвöɸ꣬ǻΪҪܶùͶˣ⵽֮ӣŵĵӣԻŷҹŷǻһɣ˵ʱҲǲĵطֻҪʵ˵ǵĲԣҲΪŷΣ
ܳҲû뵽ֽҲûа취ٶˣֻǿŷҹͬⲻͬˣҪǲͬĻۿ˶ߡ
ǮϿûԶһŷҹȥĻҲͲ˵ԼɱˣȻ˵ˣҲҪɲҪȥѸˣΪһ㣬ҲԼһˡ
ҲãҾ͸ȥһˣǾͲ˰ɣŷҹһתͷʾԼˡ
ǵȻȻǸЩûйϵǾͲȥˡǮϵͷ˵ͬʱԼҲһȻôµģʵҲûаŷҹһô
˵𣿡ŷҹЦЦʵָڻΪ˶Щήҵܳϣλϸոտɲô˵ġ
Ҵɱ֤һийصģŷҹΪֹٶһëǮҲܳϵķȥλҵʦܣո˵е£ŷûʲôĻǾڸ߰ɡ
ߣȥǡŷҹ֣
ǺãǾŴˡǮҲûмƽŷҹĴƣʮ˳ӵ߳ŷҡ
ŷ磬Ҫһȥɣǰסŷҹĸ첲Щĵ˵ǷҪһȥʰ˵ʱɽ϶ǵˣŷҲܸһɵ˶
ģзִģܹҪģȥǾ͸鷳ˡŷҹĶԷС֡
Ҹһȥ˵
ԣһȥҲһԼӻ
ǣǾҰɣҪǲȥҸովͲøǴһˡŷҹҡͷЦҪȥˣܰæֻҷģҵģڼԹԵصŰɣʲôʱʲôرðյˣȻҸȥаնԸǡ
ңҪΪҵĻŷҲô鷳СŴʱѾίҪ޳ˡ
ˣŷҲûй㣬ŷ϶а취ĶԲԡŷٻҲ֪ĸ˳ͬʱĻŷɽˡ
ҲҺûаȺŹеףȻǿ޵ʱںء
˵ǸоŷҹˣǾǿЦˣŷҹļȻһߣܸܵŷҹʦʦʦƨ
СҹҪСģЩһͲʲôö˵ʲôɶãǴӿʼڣҪǿ򲻹ˣʲôʱ򽲹ãŷٻҲһԵĵ
İɣһǿ϶Ҫõģ˵˲Ǽɧǣǿ϶ģҲֲʲôҶѾˣһ˴պҲҪ˹ʱˣҲҪȥ￴ûҪҩġŷҹʱ仹ǺܽȵģҪΪѩϽǱ߶ҩĻǵҪץʱأ㣬Ԩ߶ͽˣչҩİɣֻҪϡеҩģǶܽȱܶٶҪ
ǺðɡŷٻҲ֪¶ǰﲻʲôæֻǾѹ˾չøǿ󣬡Īҵģ˵ҽ㡣
ŷҹһǵʱĪĻƶ滹סźֻСأдƬҩġ
Ҳ֪һʱ䣬С᲻ڻƶƻˡСԼɽＸ꣬ǿɲһļįЩǾͲʲôˡ
ָһƶѾһĹâģȻŷҹǴ󻵵һұôʱ䣬ȥǻ
һֻСӣѾӴתȦ˻ʵѴҶһ
֮ǰŷҹչʾһЩĶڶҲһЩˣҲû̫ڼ


307 һ
ˣͻΰɣԺţܶ˸һŷҹ˵
ģ̫ˡһΣСŮӣֻСŮѣʱǶһ֡
յһֻƺұСѾٶˣ˵ĻҲһЩҪǿһЩԺһĹҲӦˡŷҹ˺֮һʱ䣬ΪЩŷٻǿˡ
ŷҹҪȥ̾ʵ
ȥɣﶼǹߣҲɽʱڣ㲻ȤģҪѻƶߡŷҹ˵
ǲаѻƶˣҾûеطˣطʺסģǿô죿һͰˡ
û뵽ŷҹҲеΪѣֻøһȥˡ
һҪҵҩģлƶ֮󣬾̰ҩĶĿռʧҩԣܼûַĻҩǻġ
һҩҲûʲôȪҶĵرǿɾʧˣҩʧˣѩָЧҲͻۿַۣտǲðġ
㶼߰ɣģЩͨˣЩҲʲôˣɱ޹ɣŷɽҪǵŷҹԼİȫ
ŷҹЦϵģߵȻɱͨˣǰĸ߶ͨ˷˵Ҫǰ֣˭֪˭ġ
ⶫͷڼɣһߣ֮󣬻ǻɵġŷҹ룬óһ
Ӹƣ˵һߣ󻤷ϿˣҲҪһԼķҲðӵΣȥɱǰˡ
ŷٻǲ֪ʲôֻоʲôݵҲͽ˹ȥ
ѾϣŸ˶һ£ȥ
Դϴ뿪֮ʱѾˣڲŸոջȻҪߣŷҹҲֺ۵ĸо
оһ˲͵ˣΪÿһγȥջġ
ʦ֣СӲǹô˵Ȼǲע⣬Լ˰ɣܳŷҴĳϵ˺ܳʱ䣬ŷҹЩɵ
ʵõ𣿡ǮϵһҲġ
ŷҹֶαûҪ࣬ԷȻӦˣһȥڲҲֻܵš
ûбҪӦٷڣȥֱ˵һȥҲֻԼȥΪ򲻹˼Ұ
򲻹ǻеϾһûзһսҲӰǿ˵ǾѹƣǲһˣͻƶԷķأԷȴоԵİǵеκһ
ָıˣҲ˵һҲЩɡ
İɣ˵Ҫߣһܵġŷҹͻأسǵߡ
˶һֹȻ˵Ƕû̫СģôͻȻǵߣģҲ㹻亹ˡ
Ҫ֪ҪĻĻǿҪˡ
Ȼŷ׼ˣǾ߰ɡǮҲûбֵ̫ȣֻĲⲻ˵ġ
ҲҵˣŷҹҲ˳֮ǮѾʾ⣬ȻǰҪָλÿȥ
ֻҵҲ֣Ϊʲô֮ǰ˵ĲץһӺһŮôλŪøױᱻ˴һҲӣǸŮĶ
ЩʣֻʵʵԼĳ
֪ŷҹˣ̾ȫ»ڸץˣɣһҲزˡ
ֻ˭Ҳûŷҹһˣǵĳϻ˴
һ·̫ƽϵڣҵרͣǺܿ͵ɵɽţɽ
һƬϵɽ治֪Ŷٵɽ壬ɾϷϡ
ֻһ˺Ϊ̫ҪﻹзػţˣҲһҵŻ
һ·нŷҹҲע·ϵһС
ò˵ЩһֱţҲǵʱģڵɣǲ֪Ϸ²˶ٵķء
ŷҹʶ̽飬һ·Ҳôķ֣ҲֻĬĬ·ȫȻȥʲô
ЩͻؿƶģߴһԵСǿҲֲǡ
ֻ˵һԼ˴ˣ˭Ҳô
ƫƫһ·ŷҹһĬ϶Ǻ֡
ŷҹǲ֪ǵķİΪʲôһضأ
ͷһǲŻȻˣԭСӵȷܴ˵ĽŲһģȻܳ
Сӱ濴ܴ󵨣ʵĺϸġ
ﶼǰƽţҪ취ŷҹСҲá
˶ŷҹԹģ룬ŷҹʵδؾ˿£¶Ҳܸô˵ǰ󻤷ϵӶˡ
ŷҹҲԵС֪ԼЩҲǺǵģһЩ棬ʡõɽϻԼǶţñΪԼǵүһˣǾЦˡ
ŷҹһ̤ǵĽŲߣҪҪܲԼߴɣĿɲԼˡ
һֱߵϷ£ȥһͦɽ壬ȥһֱֱһǹߣҪǰȥҲ̫ܡ
ŷҹҲһͷˣһġ
һȥܹӣһûǶӣһӣԼקȥ
ͨ˵Ļл֮ĶҪôȥҲ̫ܣǹǳ˿ɱȣ˵һ˰ԼȥϼҲ⡣
ڿǼܵʱ򣬾Ѿ⣬ʹ˸ɫղ
ŷ߶롣ǮΪȣɫذŷҹȥ
ʢˣֻһӾͿˡ
Ŷô߰еָߣʲôɣҿⶫ̫գһһСĴǲҲҪѲƤŷҹǼƾɵĵٿôߵɽ壬еǵӡ
İɣ£ûг⣬Ҳ൱ȵκεΣաǮϺǺЦ
ָߣǾ͸ðˣµľ㲻£㺦µĶԽԽãλ϶ǲ޵š
һ־ȻָߣҲüλϸһ£ҲֻṆ̀û̫໳ɣΪȷЩĳֶη壬еΪ֮Կ˷Եԭֶʱ򣬻ǻӦⶼġ
ϵ˵ŷҹҲֻܸ˺棬Ҳǹġ
㲻ǿָǾվ߶ϣúõһ´Ȼ޷ɣ
ŷҹһ̤˳ϣýŲ˲ȣڲⶫļ̶̳ȡ
Ǻǣŷ㲻Ϊǻ壬ͬھɣҲЦ˵
ͬھȻڡŷҹĸλãǿ϶Ϥⶫʱ⣬ǿ϶ǵһʱͷˣȻһ


308 һɽС
ôأǮڨڨ˵
˻еôͷŷҹһӲ𴩣ȻĵĻ˵ϻеȻ
Ҫʱĳ⣬ǻ˵⣿
ˣʱ˵һҪġ
Ҳٶ໰ܳҡҡλξΪŷҹĸоǿһЩ˻ʹŰõҡεøһ
ǿҪһôΣҾҪ³ˣססҪоҪȥˣŷҹ׵ץűԵʱܻʮ׵ķһ
λϺǵ⣬СӲţǾţ
һ߶ţһ߶Ǯ޹ʹİοõİ͸ˡ
ǰδеĳ̶ҡһӰһ
ΰɣΰɣʹΰɣðǸСһӻȥҲʡ˰ǰȥˡ
ﶼô񶾵ţõǽһˬᡣ
ʵôҪԭǲ˾Լ˺ܣȥץָ֤֤ŷҹǻûôѾ˸ץ˸ţԷˣƫƫûռűˣ˵үһ˻¶˵ôûţҲʵڶ̫ˡ
ԭֻСѿģһ·С¸߰ǲٺһˤпܣ
˶˼Ҳһе׼ֻΪһŷҹΡ
һʱӰڵķȾҡεøˣȥʱܱ׳ȥ
ǸСӸ˰ɣôķȣҶеˣϲ޶ţôһ룬ͻȻֽе飬еΣԲۣе̫ˣ
λ϶ղŶʹΪŷҹһεҵǶòץԵֹԼȥ
ڵĸ߶ȿѾмˣҪǵȥ˵ǹִ֣Ҳˤ̡
λϵɫеѿҪˣû뵽һСľʹˣӰԼȥˡ
Ƶǣ̶ֳˣҲ֪ĸȱ۶ģڻʹŰأ
㿴ңҿ㣬ھŶԷôʹˣûҶѾô
ȻǾͿ˶ԷĻӦ׷׶һûС޹顣
һɵˣûУԼڻ𣿸ղŻε̫ղסˣ
λϣ취ٲͣɾҪˣŷҹǱ߶˵
ʱ򣬴ҶȻ뵽ԭﲻֻˣǲһڸ
ҲԣòƱԼЩ˻ҪµøҪͲˡ
ڼ׵ĸ߿УһСĵȥǿǶɣǾػ治ӦŷҹŪĹ
ֻǸոõ̫԰ѵε̫ˣһͣҲ֮£Ҳֻܾĵȴţϣһͣ
ֻʱҲȷеˣڿлʮӣظоûôˡ
ʱλѾǸŷҹһɫеףȥԭθߵǣһξ֮ҲŻֵʲôָߵĺ֢ʲôġ
ܳϣŷҹ̽һ
ʲôܳҲƽС࣬ոһĻеܲˣǻǽһܰ
ûʲô˵ǲҪϿһ뿪ͣţҲǸ¶ɣһʲôģǸ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ŶŶ˵öԣҶ¶ˡܳĨһѺſ
ոյʱεʵ̫ʱܰ˸˦ˣ˭ȥ߶ȣǲԼ̫
ڵѾҪͣˣܳϾȻֻƽ飬ȫûϵĶŷҹҲòˡ
λ϶оһеԼĸо
ԭļƻҲûдģֻһ˭Ҳȥ⳵ˣԼˡ
һŶ壬λϵҲһһ
֨ѽ֨ѽ
ҲְĻԵø̶
ҰȻһ΢΢ֻ֮ǰǸȣɾЩ̫ˡ
ŷ㿴¿ǲһɽСĸоǮǿЦŷҹ˵
̫ˣطȥ춼ŷҹµ˵
Ǻǣǵڣ㻹ǿɣ壬ɾûˡǮЦ
˵Ҳǣᣬ뿴ôߵķ羰Ͳˣһ𿴿ɣŷҹ
ǺǣǶַ羰öˣŷɣѾ˸ߴˣʦҲеȥæŷĵؿžͺˡǮϺͰЦŵ
ʵ̫˼ˣŷҹô˵ţȻͷȥ
ʱѾ붥ֻм׵ľ룬Сȵҡţλһɫ׷׾һͬʱȥ
һܳϣΪŵӣֻҪһɣ̾ͻµɽҪôȥ˵ˣǿʯͷҲҪˤɼꡣ
λһɣԼѾĹͷ䵽嶥ϡ
ֻϧ⳵ˣֵҪŪһѾȻȥĵܳ˵һ䡣
ǰõĳӰεøǧһô͵ȥأҲŸ̾
ܳϺλеɻʲôôȥģǶˣû˿ˣǲֻܵȥ𣿻бİ취óԼ
һĥǵͷƤе飬ⲻеκһ˵ŷҹǵȥ
컯յģ۵Ŀȥˣŷҹô˵ﻹ
˶ǳɵȥֻŷҹվ˵ıҲһһϧ̾λϣô°ôţ˵԰ȫĳӾ͵ȥˣҺܵÿ죬ǾˣҪȻĻҸǳһˤǡ
ŷҹӣҲ˿ûлɵǵͷ˶ЩƣСҲ̫˵ɣǶѾˣҪ£Сʲôʱһģ
ŷû¾ͺãǸոҲǽŵúܣһʱ䶼㻹ں档Ǯһ߶̾һ߶ɵ¿˿һѣɻҲⶫʧˣҵʱҪǸӵ
ǰǰŷû¾ͺãŷ־ǿ찡ǵʱһӶϣѾȫԾˣû뵽ŷǻ졣Ҳɻš
ǺǣҲûпˣֻǿ˶ԾˣҾ͸ˣյʱ򣬱ǳһѡŷҹЦ˵ȫûʶԼ̽Ϣ
ڰгǣôһоûУ˶ôš
Ҳǣʱֻ֪ŷҹˣֻԾĿҲǶڷ嶥λãȻҲû뵽ȥʲô


309 ǲǲˣ
ŷҹʱǶûעʱһԾͷϣվǵҲûܣֻСӵʱյҲ̫˰ɣԾʱǵǵļλã֮ٶĻҲζţҪǵļ޾룬ҪٶСһθ߶ȣŷҹҲǺ˲
߰ɣһǼҪˡܳһҲûа취ˣֻȼ˵Ҳ˶ʱˡ
ǺǣǺðɣǲ¿һ⳵ӵȥɻͷһξɸλǵŷҹȥʱɫõúܣһкŴһ𿴡
ˣǸٿɣһˤĳѣҲûʲôÿġǮȻҲǿ˹ŹŷǿָӦøоܲɣǿϢһ˵ɡ
ָߣŶ㲻˵ҵˣһκһأ;ˣǺõطβָ߶ΣŷҹĽ˵ǵɫеãǲǲˣ
ǣǮϴʱѾˣһ뵱ʱԼһǳҡǽһͷתָоͷһеθߡ
ʱҲѾˣʲôָߣǿָߵؾ;ˣҲôİǶûлָأѾˣ
˸ղôڻγ˼Ҿ͵ǧ˰
Ϸȫݼһغϵݼǳ׵˼ˣ˵ʲô˰ɣ
ĸƽ̨֮Ѿеע⵽ߵ̾ϡ
һųһˣʶֻҲȥ˭Ǿ̰ŵڷһλϺŷҹһ˷ڲŰɸֳ
ɲǹһɣǰɽǧ߷ϣͲһģǿǰһɽ壬۷ģⲻһġ
ŷҹɴǰҲߵģһλܣֻӲФû˹ɣȻʱҲųƵһɣǱǰ֪Ҫû˼̨ס
Щ֮ĶȻҲǰµģڵŻǳ϶û̫Ĺϵ
ŷҹУûһܲôķģʵϾŷҹ󷨺ϤҲѲóΪΪʵ̫ôܲ°ɽ嶼ڵĴء
ȥرһţ˵Ѿŷҹŷɽŷ͵ʱһ׼ӭӰɡǮǸĵ˵
ɵشɽڸ߷֮ϣصķڱΣͲֻͨźţҲֻϰߣ֮ǰûаСץǰŷҹϢȻûа취ˡ
ʱǮôҲǰȥŶ֪һ£Լǰŷҹˣƽϡ
ǳϣһȻŷҹǴҶǸŶʧйصǸˣ˾Ȼɽⲻô
ҲûŷҹֻǼҴҵܿȥˡ
Ҳ̫¡أҶԼˣ̫¡صӭӾͼˡŷҹǫ˵
ǺǣӦõģӦõģǮЦ
ˣ¡ظźú׼һ£ôʰ㣬ӭӣǿɲӭ𣿰´ӭ㣬õýӭ㣬ǲ¡صġ
Ǻǣ̫ˣŷҹ˵
϶Сӵ֪֪ԼǸģ
ƾ֮ǰĴ֪֮ܲûкùӳԣڻôЩ͸ˡ
ѵ֮ǰĶǴɣΪɽ֮˵䣬˵ˣԺͣɸΪ񲯣
λ϶ҡҡͷǿɲôɵˣοǰǶˣ˼εˣܣ
ǾɣǮ֪˵ʲôҲûãֻпʱôˡ
һɵڲȥ·϶ɵĵӣЩۣЩһЩʽȥÿ˶ڴ֮ϣɵǱӵܲһû춼˼˴кġ
һ·֮ǰλȥĵѾ˻λϣ˵λŷȥǰʹ߷Ҳǰһŷһ𡣡
ʹߣλﶼһžһϲ
˵ŷҹʵ̫ǿҲ֪Ż᲻᲼һӭŷҹһŵʹǾ͸Щˡ
Ҳ˵Ǹ˽ʲô棬Ƿ٣ֻҪŵˣƣŷҹҲҺˡ
֮ǰɱһ˵⣬ҪĻʲôɶֻţһ̾ɱ֮
ڣɸͲٳˣȻⱻɱŵĶӣŵĵӣʱҲ϶Ϊ£ðŷҹȥԸһоȫ㶨ˡ
ǮԼûз֣Ƕŷҹ̬ÿ;ܵԶԶģеһ
ԭŵҲڣҲûмɵʲôӵģһȥɡŷҹЦ
ǮƤ鴤һ£ûɱɣҲɵģǱɱˣҪΪϻԶȥȥ
ֻЩֻڶһ£˭Ҳŷҹȥϼƽϣ˵עء
ĸһ·߹ʱ򣬷ֺе棬У󲿷ҲҴҵŸܣʲôһ
Ǯ֪Ѿھۼȫ֮ˣ¶˾ģҪŷҹɱָ͵ˣҲҪſ˼
ɵĵڶֵܱ࣬ôǾȻҵͦϲġŷҹ߼һ䡣
Ҳûʲôѵģп˿Զס죬Ƕӭϻл
пˣˣò̫ʱ䣬ҾҪԶˣϲ
ƽ̫࣬ѲŷҹҲǸпţ˲ϲ£һЩƽҵͷҲֻñˮˡ
˵Ѿ˴֮УֻɿĴ֮УŰڷŹӵĵΣͷǿյģӦǸ󻤷µλã֮λʱһʮ棬һϮۣǺ׷ͯգм˵ӣֻǴʱŷҹĿĶʹޡ
ڿλϣʱŵһˣԲȥǸʿӣü䶼ŨŨĲмƺϵɣ˷һжһŷҹһ۾Ϳ˵ΪȻҲǾ۷壬ֻ벽ͻˡ
šλ϶ǰȻŵʹҲͬʱһ񣬡񡣡
Ŀɨһ£Ҳûλϣֻǵ˵һؿ
Ȼ˾ͰĿŷҹϣ¶˼ֳ֮ɫ
ŷҹƳʵ


310 ǻʵۣ
ҾǣǹƣŷҹҲͬʵ
󵨣ŵҲʵ𣿡Ѿһȥʮĳϴʵ
ȷǺܴ󵨣ʵţԼѾʸش𣿻˵ѾˣҪŵ񫣿ŷҹŭʵ
㣡˵ĳŭˡ
ôᣬѾǾؾĳϣҪ˵֮λһ붼ûУǲܵģ룬Żڸǰʱܰ¶˵
벻ǴҪŻûλ˼Ѿ˼ˣǿɾͳ˴ˡ
Ҫ߳ŭҪѧᵭؿ顣ŷҹڳһѵ˵ӣǵɨһڳˣν壬ǣôŭӣһΪôʹ㣬ɲǺõķӦ
ⳤһҲ԰ôʲôԼʲôҲ֪ոշʱֻҪٵһǾԵøˣ
ţָúܶԣԲۣոһ⴦ԼϹģһת۾ַѵԼˣ
ôһŪⳤҲֻǸɵ۵ķݶˣ壬ǣŵ䣬Ǵ󲻾
ûɣǻʵ𣿡ŷҹֱˣŪһ󲻾ƣҪʵۣ
¡ŹǿˣǹɣĶʲôʵһ˵ҾǹƣʲôҪ˵ģ
ûʲôҪ˵ġŷҹ󻤷һۣλѾĻ뵽ҿҲͦ׵ģԾ͸һˣҪûʲôҵģס죬ȵῪʼߡ
Ǯ˶λһûиӣһ·ҲǷѾĻˣֻϧǷѾĻҲֻǸԼһ·ŷҹëû˵ǵɫҲܿǳ˿˰
󻤷һԿ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ڶΪҪһѾ֪ŷҹĵƣٴδؾͻ֮ǰһսʵһЩӰ
ҲǺʲôһ۾Ūλһ·˳ҪȻȥץŷҹѣһСѾͷһӣôͻȻ˰ŷҹֱӸŪˣ
ΪǰŪˣҵ֤ݣֱӰŷҹץ䣬ʣµԭֻҲŷҹûа취ԲŻŷҹȥץѡ
ǿλϵɫҲ֪ǾԲǰŷҹץˣҪץģŷҹСҲôš
뷨ҲǸλϵЩƣҲŷҹȻ˹ģȥ֤ҲǶ࣬ñ˵ѳǲص¶ٽˣҪֱץŷҹɣǾȫһսӦʤģҲŷҹȫƴа
ҪŷҹƴأһоԼˣһ̶ˣô죿
ץ˼ҵļˣǲʧһ취
¶ȥƾ϶Ҫֵġ
ŷҹɱ˹ûȣⶼǹԹˣõһɣȻҪҪЮԷļвȶԷԼŵĶӱ𣬾ɹˣҲͶöʣˡ
뵽ЩˣҲûŷҹȻôţԼҪûʲôʵģ˼ҲߣҪס죬˹ߣǵùݻǾƵ갡
ܺáƵҲ˼֣Ȼ˶Ȳˣ֮𣬻Ҫװһ˶ӵˣһȮӹǰʱɽûл˵ŷҹЩϵܽһ𣿡
ǵϿܻûи㣬Ѿ˵ˣȷɱģɱҲǵѣ³򡣡ŷҹͷ˵
ţƵ۽ǳ鴤һ£ʧٲټ֪Ѿ׶༪һ£ȷˣһˡ
ǣɱ˵֣ȻԼǰдʵ˵ʲôԼɱҲԭġ
ԭƵĶҲǸɱ
תͷǮϿȥֻԷҲ΢΢ͷΪϢȻҪ߹ƵģҲûõȥͨ˵ŷҹ棬ȥͨҲе̫ˡ
ǮϵĻӦƵָҲ΢΢ջȷ˶ˣŵһӣպĳɾͿ϶֮ϣɾͱǰ˸ɱˣܲ
ɱˣ㾹Ȼ˵ôĵҲЩ̵ˣǿѹԼŭһ䣬ҵʲô˵ɱҵĶӡ
ʱĶӹɽÿȥɽϷСţȻ֪Щ˵ˣҲδؾܽԼɱ³ģǰԭԭ˵һ顣
Ǿظ֣ڵʱ£ҪҵѣҲ뱻ɱҲɱҲûбʲôѡ˰ɣŷҹȴǷʵ
ĳ϶ףҲǼˣʱСţǺȥ棬ȻһŮӾ;úʣԼ˭֪Ůͬ⣬ҪõֶΣʱŷҹˡ
˴ûдùŷҹԷɱˣôһ¶
¶Ҳȷ˵˭˭ĳȴôǸСŻʲôģһͨŮˣŵĶӿɳģһͨŮˣĸ
˵ŷҹŲʲôΪһͨŮˣ㷸ŸһƴսǸŮù߲ͳ
ô¶һֲñˣǵŷҹ˴ɵģĽۡ
ΪһͨŮӣɱҶӣƵɫѾҪˮĿɨһԱߵķ棬һŵĵӣ㾹ȻΪһͨŮӾɱ
ŷҹĿüëҲ༸ֲмͨ˸߶һˣǿ˼ҵŮˣ˼ҲͬҪɱˣڱɱˣҲӦõģ㲻ҾΪߣΪɣΪŵĵӣԾֻܱðɣ
һڵĳ϶ӷ֣ŭǼŭӶѾҪϳǸɢˡ
һͨŮҲܸᲢ𣿡
ܸһ˫ޣͨŮĸ֣
ٵŮӾֺ£һͨŮӲ֪ѵͲܿһ£еϵ𣿡
ŷҹЩ߳ǵĻЦȻ¶ܺƽ뵽һɣ̾ͿһƬ⽣Ӱкȴû뵽ȻôһƬƨָͨתͷЩ˵ֻ˿ȥλŮûУòҿһһеϵ´Ҳʱ򣬾ֱ˳ӵһɣ


311 ֶ
㣡
ֻһһȺ϶Ǳ仰ҭɫǺ졣
ʵЩ˵δ뿿ŮύһЩɵߡͨ˲֪ߺ͹ߵ𣬵ǿǿǴģҲڶʱڲԣǵͻϣǿɾ֮ˡ
ҪŮһߣǿɱԼܶʮ궼ڹõöࡣ
ŷҹǸʲôһ£´飬ֱһɣƤٺҲ˵ӾŮһɰɣ
ңǵŮôǵ飬ֻ߸λǹߣȻϸһȣǲͨ˵ϣͨҲͨ˵ѡδػЩһŷҹһһٵ˵ͨǵѡ񣬱ҲΪı׼ȥ˵ԼǹߣҲûȨô
ɣѵǵˣƵѾɱ⣬ŷҹ˺ܾöûеɱ˵ĳ嶯
ʲôʱ˵Ѿȷظ߹ǵϣɣֻǰһ¡ŷҹָԼ죬ҵĿΣǽͣ˵ĻǾӣ̿ˡɻڲˣ˵ֻһԸΪɲôΪġ
һ̿ˡɻƴʱŭЦԴɿɽŻûбӹȻɣɣҲɱ㣬Ҫþһֶ㳥ɱҶӵ
ţŷҹƾҪ֣ȴͻȻֹ̧˵
ôѵˣҪɱлЦ
һûô֪ŷҹ仰ҪԣҽȻûдúõȥȴҪǸһ˵ڿ˵ԵʱյԣˣѵҪؿĶɱһͨˣȥһͨŮӣ˵ҪҿҲһзĶӷңҪɱڣҲӦɱˣŽȷѡ񣿡
û뵽ŷҹ˵ô࣬ȻǾЩЩȻشˡ
ͨˣƵͲʲôʮ˸Ҳʲô˵顣οĶֻǿһͨŮˣΪߣҪһͨŮ˶ղҲ̫ѷһ
ɹؼŷҹԼҲˣǹߣһһĹߣΪ϶ûа취ɱԼĶӡ
ԼĶӵʱ϶ҲǴˣǾǴˣܱһɱҲ㹻˵Ǹ˵ˣΪ߰
˵ߣͨľظ֣ǾǴ򲻹㣬ܻһЩֶΰɡһظƴֻ·ǿǲġ
ӹôɱˣӶûӵˣǴˣҲкܶҪעĵط
ͨɱûϵЩͨŷҹѣҪ˵ɱԼѻ˵Ůˣ߻޶ԣ˭Ҳܵó
Щǿȥֱ׳ŷҹ˵ӦȰһʲôģЩҲ˵˵ţǿҲ˵ġ
Ͼ˵׶ǹдȣŷҹϣѾһˡ
ŷҹɤʣܸһ˵ڣɢóȥĴ
ɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭塣Ȼ˵ʲôĴ𰸣ҲپʲôﻹҵǰֻڱϣǱˣ˵ҶҪɱˣɱΪԼĶӱҲ쾭飬ûɣ
⵱Ȼû⣬ﻹһӭұ𡣡ŷҹһܣͬĻҲλ˵Ǳԣһˣ˭ǰҵļ˺ϣǾͱһҲҪ֮궼ðһ죬ɵĳϵӣԼӵӵܣҪСĵؿǵĲӣ
вţŭ
һţҪвҲӦöвԷŶԣôǷˣŷҹţǸ·߶֪ĶðҰƵġ
ֻ˵һʵŷҹֻǵ˵ŸԷһ⣬аսͰ궼ʣ£Ҳֻôһˡ
Ƶ΢΢ɫոŷҹ˵仰ƺƽȴʵڶ֮ǰЩĲͼء
Ҳ˵Ҫŷҹļ˻Ѷ֣һһҪŷҹɱĻٸԼԣþһеֶΣݻɵһС
һܴݻ𣿹Ʋţ
ǹƲòţһظ֣˵仰ҪȥʵʩĻɲӰ졣
ŷҹΪչʾʵպǮҪɽȥ£ֻҲҪľսעԼĲӺˡ
ŷҹҪľЧһҪֶΣǾǼŷҹסǶԼļ֡
ͬģһظҲһԲֶΣһ綾ĶǱ֪ʲôʱͻ˶ɵʱǱڵвҲǾ޴ġ
ǹ붼ģŷҹͲŶ󣬿˵ԼĶ߶ҪᣬʵҲǿŷҹʵʲô᲻
һŷҹͻһǴŸɵĳ޵ĻǾԾ겻Ĵѡ
ߣҲ̫Сɣ˱ҲԩͷծҪȻȥ㣬ȥļ˺ѵģ㾡ľˡƾԲŷҹ·ȴǰѻѾǰ˵ˣҲ˵ŷҹɱˣ⻰ҲԲأŷҹ˵ĻֻҪŷҹļ˺ѣŷҹͲôһֻ֮˽˶ԹֻҪͿһ
áŷҹ֪ԷǸˣȻŵܲЧһл᲻Գһӣ˭˵֪ԼڵʱûٸҸļΪѡ
ĿľôҶһɵÿ˶֪ŷҹȻֻһˣһЩŵֶΣĻŷҹֹˣǻٱǧĴ
ѡԺ˸˳ͻҲһͻһҵĹʶȻһжһϣҲؽĺ֮ǡ
ΪŷҹҲ¶ԷһУļ˽й˵һֻ㡣
Ҫ߳ȥֻǲˡƽ̾һ顣
˵ˣǽ˵һʱˣȻǸոյӡ
ǵҪɵıôŷҹֻǺܵȻЦЦ
ŷҹڵʵǹǿߣҪ˵ҲĶȥˡֶΣһָġ


312 ˽˶Թ
仰˵ֻҪԷһлɱа취ӹһ١˾Ҳ꣬Զ
ΪʲôϿŻƶֱأԼ굽ȥ¶㲻ң
ֻΨһźǣڵĻƶҪĻ͵ҪȰѻƶȻ˻ƶͻһֻСȻۣҲõ֮󣬲еİǿɾͲ˵ˡ
ŷҹо˻ƶһʱ֮Ҳֻ֪Ҫ㹻ľ֮ȫûƶһʧ൱ƿһռ䣬һһС磬С磬ʱƶɾ͸ˡ
ʱľŰ񽣺һƷˣҲҲĵطˣһս˿صľ
ⶫǻƺֻ֮Ǽ򵥵һҩģ˵̺һСռС磬Щ߼߶˴ǰЩߵ֮
ܺãļλһһŷҹ֣һڣҲ˵һر޳ܵĻ
˵ô࣬Ҫ˵һ£˵˽˶Թ޹أһ˱ʱ򣬾ȻɱϣһһϾ˵ļһϣǵ۸ŷҹһˡ
ŷҹҲ⣬Ĺ֮֮ǰѾսؾɱ˵ʱ߹ֻǱ˲֪ǣĹ֮Ǹ׼õģڴ
һ󲿷֮󣬾Ǿ۷ֻܸϸʰ·磬οЩԶûе۷ĳء
ĶһɣҲ˷ʱ䣬ɵʸһսģҲһˣ϶õסңҲͲԼɽǱǸץˡŷҹֱӵ˵
λ϶ɫͨ죬¶ҲǴ֪˭Ҳû˵ƣŷҹһ仰ˣǵǳ׶ˡ
һ룬Ҳ͵ˣΪŷҹһ˾ͻʶòˣҲôˡ
ôһ룬ŷҹչˡ
ֻȽϱߵǣҲҪһŷҹ
ߣԸǮϣŰһɣŷҹôдҲûţԼˣԽԽá
ǮһᣬҪľŹˡ
ŹɾŸɣб仯Ī⣬Ҳֻǻ᲼ܲ͸еİ󷨣ɶһһһô򵥣ҪȻһϾͺˣʲô󰡡
ðǮϣͰŷҹЦЦ
ǮӦڳ֮ףΪҲܿЩϵˮƽŶǱһЩ
һЩǲ٣ǿɾͲ˵ˣȷ˵ǸܳҲ󻤷֮һǮϺ˵ĲҪԴһЩ
ǮϿŷҹһۣһСӾ֪ˡ
ŷҹɣǮһơ
ôҪط𣿡ŷҹʵ
Ǯʰǻ͵Ĵһ˸պŹ˼һܴ򣬵ǾŹܴÿǹǰƾҪһΧĵطȻôλôϣ
ðɣ㣬ɹȻܶиרŵĵطԺҲŪһɽŷҹЦƵ˵š
⻰ȻֻǴҶߣˣƵҲˣǶŷҹһʶ
һӦòʲôˣǴǰҲô϶ģֻŷҹΪʵ̫죬ԲŲȷһŷҹ˵ҰĲСȻҪһ˵ɣ˵бҲ˵
ôҰĵˣǿµҲ֮ǰûаѻ˵ûиʲôҪһСӱˣһʲôǿĸ֣ǲŷҹǻճˡ
ڵľãŷҹİˣΪ֮ǰԼҲܶɵĵôҾսɣҲֻΪ֮˽˶Թˣŵĸ֤Ҳܶʲô
ⷬƽϣȴûзȫԼռ˵ķȥˣҪŷҹǸ˶Ǿ͸ȥŷҹǾȫɳϵȥŷҹսȺŹսҲ˽˶ԹѾ˺òá
ֻŷҹΪԼžԵţûиȥƽʲôԼжӢˡ
Ǯϴż˺ŷҹһˣһ߶ȴ򷶺˵ˣҲˣɱҶӵ־ȻӲ緶ȥϢһ£֮ٺúһ·ˣдܵ
һ㵽ʱ򣬲Żᱻ˳ˣǹΪʾ÷棬ƺ档
Ų˵ЩҲŵĵӣҲΪ飬ȻѾɣȻҲҪȥҲԷ˼Ҳ˵ʲôģһȥ
һǸ֤ŷҹҲҲֶ֤ͨŷҹսģȻŴһʵǲ󰡣бҲ󣬶ŷҹѾӦˣҲһ˵¶
һ㣬ҪһŷҹʲôʣҲǾ۷ĸ֣רΪ˹ʧģԲְܲơ
һ۷ŷҹĻл˵۷һŷҹܳɾ˷ɳĲɣ
ȻǾͷˣ롣ϵҪȥҲһϲ
ϾɵˣǰڣûˣҲСŵӦ
˵ҲųȥˣʣµЩصĳϣ㿴ңҿ㣬ҷҲûʲô¶Ҳһȥˡ
ŵ̶ֳȵСӣôھŹĴ֮±ѹģҲһĵˡ
ǾþɽûŵҲٻɽȥһֱҲûб
òһʵ飬ȻǶȥǵû˻ΪŷҹܴӾŹǮϴΪߵİ˸һ󣬾ҲܰˣҲǼһʤܡ
ǻΪͬŵԭɱֵ£ڿǶŷҹһˣŹɱһһŷҹҲǾ۷Ҳɱˡ
ŷҹǮɽһ޴ĳС
˵һأ˵һءطܶǸ߸ɽڣмһ޴İݣȥһ޴һ㡣
طǺʺϱ䰡ŷҹҲ̾
֣ٶȵĹߣһһʽѾڷĻǹװ޷ҲһʻѰ
֮ǰƾʱΪ˶ţټŷҹаһʤͲʲô֣ŻֱӾﶯˡ
ҪǻɵĴʮظ֣ټһЩΪĵʲôģһӵŷҹչŲڽһ󿪴أǼһЩҲһˣܻܲǶվţǸء


313 ķ
˵ãһɵľŹ󣡡ǮϵҲǾᣬϣܰŷҹʰˣԼϺÿһŷҹ̫ؾ͵ˣԵԼ֮ǰ̫ˡ
뷨ۺϵһ뷨ŷҹҪܣǲ̫ܰܵˣܼʾԼԼҵһĽ͡
ǾŸ˲¾Ź󣬷ôľŰ˸ץסץסҲͲˣҲͻˡ
ãǿҲԸʲôġŷҹЦ
ƣǮϿû˵Цֱһȴȥ
Ÿ˶һܾõˣһ£ÿ˶ԼķλƣŷҹѹȵƵ
ƲŷҹҲؽ䱸š
ǲ֪˵Ǹ˽˶ԹЩЦֻȻսҲʵĿԡ
Ȼ֮ԼŷҹɲԷкֻ̨һ˶ѡ
һ˵ŷҹһֱûи˿ĺ̨ǾҪһñ˸Լɣʵſ£õɡ
˽һսŻЩ۵ļһȥɧŷҹļˣ
ǰֻҪ͵͵˶֪ŷҹˣȡȵӡѾ͵ˣԾ͸ߵһߵֻҪһŷҹǹɵĵӵĺëŵէ
ΪĿ꣬ͲòʲôŹӲ
кܶķ󣬶ڹĹ֮ҲڷһЩоʲôŹҲû̫ѡ
ɶѾû˹ˣĶʲôرĴҪôķ󣬿ǹǿŷҲһ
Ȼڴм䣬о˾޴ѹŷҹȻǱݣסΪĹﲼµ˷粨󶼱Ҫǿöࡣ
һ˼ǵʱ䣬ǮѾȴӴܳϺ˲
ǮѾһȭһȭȫǰܳϺ˵Ҳһϡ
һôŷҹоǾ޴ƣȴЦƾһȭɱǻ̫Сˣ
˿ˣһ壬ҲԵһȭ
䣡
ȭཻ޴Ƶ촫˶ȭĵ룬޴ˣΧӰˡ
ѽǮϲҽһϺܳһ𱻻ɳȥ
ڵ֮˶ѸٵڲǲһսҪһֱҲͲˡ
ֻǮϵһұۣ˿Ѿ᲻ŷҹһȭȻûжֱۣҲȫľʱҪֱҲǲˡ
һȭȻô⻹
˲֪Ǯ˿֪ŷҹģҲи޶Ȱɣ
Ǯú֮ǲɱŷҹҲöԷһ˰ɣֻҪһˣԼҲһ˺ˣǴﻹҲһ˵ֹأŷҹҲᱻס
ֻҪסˣĥȥĹ⡣
ʲôɱģɱ˷ԵϲÿˣһĻɫԼ˶ץǻųʲô֮ΪһĻϣ
ǵȷǷˣһɾͲŷҹأ
˶Ǽæ̧ͷֻŷҹȻվԭأµʯ嶼Ѿ̤飬ղһҲȫɵģ˼ұϾվסˣһûкˡ
˵ϣ
һеĿŷҹ֮˷飬ųɧţһŷҹǽֻܲмܣҲڲͷأ
˼һûˣĹȻҲûиˡ
һǸô˼Ҳһȭ˻ˣһȭٰʣµҲɲͳˣ
λûǵʵҪһȭɳȥֻ˵ĹͷҪˣǴε飬һԵӡ
ɱ˵ŷҹҲң˭ʾ˭ɵŵĶӶѾɱʬ޴ˣĶʲôһ߲ҵⰡ
岼
ǮҲǼ򵥵̾²һ£ҲʾҶѱóġ
ƴȻñϲҲֻñˡ
һ£Ÿ̾͸ɢ䷽λϵرŷλãÿ˵ƶż΢ĹɣǮǾǶãҲ֪ôƽ⣬ϣһķ˽ȥ֮󣬳ϰٱǲ˵ôܴӷ
ǮȻ̧ҲóһѽóʱﻹڵѪĵѱˣɱٻŷҹˣ
ŸαãӰŷҹΧסȥһӾҪŷҹɱˡ
ҲǮϲһʼһеԭһҪһӽɱˣ֮ǰ̫ûˡ
ʵ֤Ǯλˣ濴ǰ˸˵ĹӰ仯ǺƯŷҹĴ·һе˶֪ǲϵسУûһвɱУʮжȥˣûһʵŷҹϡ
ԷͺһֻĺǶôܼʽϣܴҵ˼϶ɹȥƮ任ķ󣬾סҲ˿ˣڣŷҹûΣǶҪˡ
ΪģǲǴŷҹҶԷûԽԽ꣬һдȥ֮󣬲ûдŷҹϣյˣҪԼ˵ˡ
ǮϴʱҲȵط֣һʼŷҹֻǵʽ֮ģڸŷҹĲߡ
һûǣƵŷҹڴҶһǣšǾŸһУڲÿ˶ԼڶսŷҹһǶ˼ͽÿÿ˵ҪԼ
ŷҹôǮһľԸһ⣬ɲ˵̫ˡ
Ǳ߶ƺͷŸոյʵʿưѷҪĻ֤˼һЩҲ˳չʾһԼɴ
ֻߵñ֮ǰľһٵʱΪôҲǲŸոտʼӣһֳ֮̾ͱǰľˣΪԺľŹڼֱͱ˵һ
˵ʲôָһ£ͿѾ˶ŷҹһɨڵأǮʵǿһЩģҲǱԷľɨһһȥɲõģǮ˵ĺУܿ˵൱Ǳ
⻹ŷҹֵʱ˼棬ҪȻĻǼͷѾˡ
Ź󷨲ֻǲʵһЩӲŷҹǮϼ˵
Ǯٺ죬һ֮УѾ˼ˣûа취ûر黹Ҫرġ
תŹƵʱ򣬷ԼѾ˵ʲôˣΪѾеһУҴʱԵؽ䳡


314 һɣ
ҪҪһϣŷҹʵ
һɵֻȻЩ̫òԾǾŴѾˣȴһš
ǵǻȺŹǿǹһˣɵ֮УƵΪʵߵģõŸһɱһС
ߣСӿҪҽ㿴Źг󣡡ȵ
ˣոЩšĳȴе㱣ڴǵǸողű˲ҪһȥӱҪĻ϶ҲǵһתۣžһҪ˼ҼʶһŹⲻҪȺŹ
˵һǽһġ
Ƕվʲôûҵ𣿡ٴκȵ
λ϶е֣ǶѾ˰ֻһ£ŷҹģۣǵľŹȻֻȺŹһߣӮˣɵҲûʲôô
ŶˣҪųһӮⳡȴӦõģӮǲŽгء
ֻǹƺ֮Ŀ⿴ȴѾڳеľλϣһŹʮδ볡ľسϡ
ʲôӲǳڵģǳģһμʶһ¹ƵƤ
Ҫ˵˼Ҽʶһ´ϾѾЩÿˣȻҪгϣǸղŵľŴϣȫɳϼ֮ҪѲҪе°
ҲˣѾںʲôӲӣҪľǰŷҹɱʲôֶΣǾԲٻɽˡ
ʲôʶǶֻһ˵ѡ
һθҽ˽˶ԹҪĻͱ²ˣŷҹʱɫҲ
֮ǰЩȣ˵ʲôֻ˽˶ԹȥļˣǼٵģŷҹǵȷˣһƸûԼֵ˼ȫҪøֶŪһսˣ
ȻŷҹȻˡ
ߣⱾһĶԹΪɽ˵仰Ҿԭɥ֮𣿡ƸǺ⼤ҧŷҹ˵
ҲãҵɣҲһһαˣٲǿҲԵ̫۸ŷҹЦһɣҵҪһôģ
˵֮䣬ĳ϶ѾԼ˽
ЩҲЩû뵽ģֻ֣˭֪ȻҪ֮ս
ЩڹƱЩĳϣ˿̶Ѿùġ
¶˵ʵǹǳģҪǿ˼һŮŷҹҲɱҲͲɱɵˡ
鷳ǴˣȴҪôһűŵģ˼ǰѴһˣ飬ʵǹЩˡ
ô˵Ȼƶ˵ˣҲòӲͷƤϣڶڵòˣոյʱأǾͲ鷢ˡ
Ⱥ䣡
˵ţѾµĸ϶ж׷ŷҹΧ˹ȥ
ֻϧƵ뷨̫ˣΪٶһЩˣܰӼ֣û⣬ֻЩȴܴǴûôһë
ŷҹƻԼЩҪˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôڣֻòЩȥôӵı仯ֻǰŴĹȥתȻͺõöˡ
Ӿͷ֣ûзӳŷҹʮƮһ뿴һٳʱѾˡ
ոٵʱ򣬻Լ˲Լ˵ЩΪҵĳҲ˳Ȼ͸˼֣ͳ˴Լ˵
ģھ˳󣬲ȻĻҾҪ֮ս档ŷҹʩչѵ
ȫɱɱŷҹģһΪһҲһ
ǲͣѾμ˵ˣҲܾ˳ȥ
ŷҹȷǺҲǺ޳ܣʵô£˭ҲΪŷҹӵóȥ
ֻҪŷҹһ˭Ҫˣǲ
һɵĴɰ˭ҲΪ
ܺãǾҲӵķ󣡡ŷҹľڽǴ󿪴أһѾ˴ѵķ䡣
ҪǮһһݣ¶ǺǸ˵ˣŷҹķǲٰҪȻЩǳ˿ء
ڣ˻ѾǵĴըˡ
ӿɺãʮֵĴ󣬱ŷҹôһŪ˵ǻ棬ԭͿ̫ŷҹڸֻܿһƬһƬĻˡ
ΨһǣŷҹӦþǸǵжǿ˭Ҳ˵׼
ˢˢˢ
һиžУ⻹ֻ΢ĽˣǲأֻЩ˲ŸոһӣĽˣһ̺Ҳûа취κڵϣٱһմʱһƬҽ
𣡻𣡡
˻ĳѾ˲ٲʲôǴûԼɵĴ󣬻ôƷû뵽ҳôķ滹Ų֪Ľ⵽ʲô
תѾңҲû뵽Լ֮󣬻˸ˣûʲôЧǸˡ
һһʱ䣬ŷҹֳ־޽ڴسɱգۼϱ
ЩϵΪɶǾأǾǷκһطܶһ˲ţŷҹֱ˶ǵһûκεķ
ӣĸУ۰
ɺò׾ӪһҸоҲǾľɳ˹һɣԼǹһˣŷҹɱˣòײľӢ˲Ű
֪ٸһʲ˾صˣһȥȻٶɱˣɵʵϿ壬õ˼
ôһҪŷҹֹôȥһɱ˵ûˣҪ˸ˡ
Ҳãһ˵ΪôŷҹǰҲȥٶ
ʵҪﴩù׷ԼԣֻҪһֱôֱȥǵЩ϶ĥɱ϶ʲô¡
ڱ˿֮ǰǴڱԷ֮Ѿоȱ֮ǴͲǰ˵ǳĵˡ
ڵľŹЩϺ͹ƵľֻҪ֮һһᱻǣŸǵĹߡҪʲôȫܰԼԸȥȴ׶Էĸλãܰǿ棬׼λãֱԼǿȭͷԷĶӡ


315 
ŷҹ֮Ǿ͸ֻңΪŷҹǳ벻λϣôתǰŷҹ뷨УЩ˲ŷҹһɸı䣬һıˣ󶼲ˣǾ͸κβŷҹˡ
ŷҹҲɱ̫ˣϾ£֮еĴˣҲ޹صġ
֮ǰ֮Уŷҹ취ƿȻǺصģòΪԼ·룬οﻹһƺͷ￴š
֮ѾɱʮˣѾˣҲΪѵҲٶɱ
һֽһװݣһҪնħӡ
ʱѾŭգȻֲ˭Ҳ벻ŷҹȻɱôˣŵʹߵƤӵ£ҲȻôɣ
һ̳Ѿ˿ĦһѾ޵ؽӽ쾳Ϊ
ţŷҹҲһ˿η壬ͬҲһĴ̳ԣ

ײһһбƴľȻǽеľǳ˵
Ȼ˿£ǹһˣͷģһȭһȭġ
һԴ֮󣬽ȴùƴһĽȻܲ˾޴һϳأԼǱ޴ĳײһźվΡ
СӵʲôΪʲôˣ󾪵뵽
ҲΪŷҹȻţӦҲǱԼĶӹ࣬ȺֵˣΪŻ˿
ǵͷʱŷ֣ԼҲһǴˣСģΪԷʵʵ̫Ԥ
ССᣬȻܸӲƴܰˣ꣬ɹһģ
ʱŷҹ֮ǰ˵Ļ󲻽һ亹ĶļˣŷҹֻҲ˵Ǳһ֮ɽ췭ظ
ǰҲ壬ڿ⻰˵Ļģ浽Ǹʱɿ¾Ҫˡ
˲һ
Ȼô࣬ǽȴһûиı䣬ֻǸӼᶨɱŷҹľġ
ȫɱɱӣҲܱôԼҪŷҹʮĶɱˡ
ʵѾˣܹŶٳϣ̶̵ʱ֮ڣѾôϤ׵£ҸոŷҹƶһҲˣԼҵų˿˵һŵĽ˸ˣŶУ˭ȵ˭ҪħͷһС
ǲҲаǿɲ֪ŷҹôģ֣ͣ᲻ϾͳΪһµˣǻ治˵ΪһȥҲҪƴɱס
ͬʱŷҹҲܣһԴ̣ҲͬײúˣҺһˡ
ƵֿɾǼٵģһҪһ¶ûУҲ̫СĵĹˡ
ڳʱеĳŴʩѹŷҹҲʱޱ
ŷҹҲǲųһѽѣأк⣬дʤа
ʤакеɷڻδֵʱ򣬾ȶη֡ɷһĻҲǷǳѲǹߣǮǵΪҪɷҲҪһʱС
ŷҹ֪ʤаĽ֮ˣ᲻ֱӾͻ룬ûô
ڵʤаѾǵĴǰŵаմȾ̫ɷŷҹҲ֪ˣ᲻ӰΪǺԣǾһðյ顣
аʹʤаɷʴȴûаհֱĽ֮ˣ᲻иáΪ˰ȫǲΪá
̶һ˲֮䣬ŷҹѾٴӻƶóһѽֻ˭ĺ⡣
ֻǴҿ⣬ȴܿõһֵһӰӡ
˶ûһӰʲôʱ򣬾ͿǴƬĻ˳
һεĻ棬֮ǰɴвͬˣ֮ǰǷ𣬶ھظֻ֣һɧŵãڵĻǺ
̶ֻȲ֪߳ٱѰľظһ̾Ľ֡
ŷҹĵҩڿҲǵɽʵˣҲǸһȻ˵ʵظ˵ֻǿǽŷҹѴͽңڳ񶼻ûȶʱȴһֲʱ֪ٳ϶յǱ
һŷҹѹǸ˲٣ڽһɨŹ׷ȥ
㲻ҪҾ͸һģ
ŷҹಮ٣ǽһʦƴľǽƴþǱ
ոһȻƽɫǹƿɲǺˣĽҲˣϾɲʲôܸŷҹ⽣ŵȵġ
ƣҽͰԹ˽ˣɣ
һеĸԴΪڻɵţĶ£ȴôΪŷҹʶ壬ӦãԼֺγ룬Ȼֻܾ͸ɴɱ˹ƣһеĸԴ˽
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һγԾǣŷҹȻһ֣һһͰѴƬ϶ë˵İ֣ʲô
ңжúһӰһҲֻڸոնһ֮󣬲ǿǾȻһֻС꣬һֻëƤС꣬Ǻް
Ҳ˲ȥ࿴޲޵ģΪǱ߶ǶѾյùˡһ߶ŷҹѹ㣬һֻޣҲôĳܣڸոŷҹִУͺѹյһһֹס
Ҳ޷ȥ˵ʲôΪҲЩĴΨһİ취ڹ̵ʱڰŷҹ£Ǳ߶һֻСֲܹ꣬ʲô¶ˡ
Ȼ㵽ʱ򣬹ҲŷҹлߣΪ浽Ҳֻڱ߶Ͽţû˿Ҫֵ˼ǸԼһΪҪ˹ϵơ
ֻҪԼȣ϶Ԯ֣Ϊģŷҹ֣ȻҪŵˡ
ֻҪչʾһԼɵı£û뵽չʾˡ
ӲͷƤƻҪһƴŷҹѾˡ
ڽһ¡
ǰ֮ҲӲӣ㣬ԼĽȲ˼ӲҪٱˣһѣҪһףɾҲˡ
ҪһķâıһȻһŷҹҸȥ


316 ػķ
ӲȲƾͻʽȡʤˣߵһˣɲֻһսķʽĽҲǺܷġ
ŷҹһϵǺмζֻмǰδ̫Сˡ
ֽնƲ䣬ͻȻǰһ㣬ȥȻҪԼָȥӲԷı
ʣŷҹɵ˻ôţ˵ԼǰѽǿͭҲȥ㱦ɣֻҪԼһ½棬ֶֻ̾ܰ
ÿ죬Ҳ죬һתǰѷжŷҹֻ֡
꣡
Ŀɿڴǣŷҹֻǵ㵽һѾͣסҲǰ磬ŷҹҸµһȴһָˡ
ôܣƾԼ۾ŷҹûĽȻͰıˣ
ʲô磿ѵѾܰʵʣ
ԺܿͱƷˣΪŷҹҲͲԼٲȥһƾܰȷˡ
ոôһ˼ŷҹؽҲѾˣȻǲҪ㣬ŷҹĽĶô׾Ͷùȥġ
ǹؿž޽ͷնĹͷģǴӸղŵľѸٷӦþԼٶźԾ
꣡
ò˵ƵķӦҲǼģȻĻһܰϵһΪڣڽȴû˵Ƥ⣬·ɾûôˣǰСλãһĿӡ
ƶͷ亹ֱðոտǴӹŹһ⣬ŷҹǲǣĽ֣Ҳ֣֮ԼϣǼСģȴ޷ȡʤĸо
ˣһ֮СӸ°ɣѾ˲ӣֻ򷶺ˡ
ǸһǼӵˣȣ㹻ӣǼһĻῴֵġЩɵĵӣǹɵˣһָ߸ϵĸоͺ俴ָͨоһ
˹ƵȣȻϸһ˿Ц⣬ֻһ˿ЦҲǳ˲м֮ɫ
Сӣסְɣŷҹһ
ô˵Ҫ飿ŷҹǿ˷һۣ֪ŵˣҲɣҲǸһӡ
˵ס֣ȻҪ¡ͷ˵
Ǻǣֻ²˵ô򵥰ɣŷҹʵôܱ֤ԺΪҵ鷳Ҳȥɧҵļˣ
Ҳܱ֤ҲûбҪ֤ǲмˡ
ǺǣΪʲôҪģôһ취ŷҹҲЦˣֻⷶҪ԰һߵϣֻŴطˣԼɣҪ˲֪ʮģһߵݾͰţˣҪţ֪᲻̵ȥ
ߣ޴һѵŵĵӣɱҪһȥûа㵱ɱѾǸˣ㻹Ҫɱ¾Ȼ㣬Ҫܣǰûܵʸ񣬱ΪҲ˾۷壬ܹΪΪˣһҪãˣ죬ǵСϷŵǰͲֵһᣡ
ˣСɱҶӣҲͬŵϣԼѾˣͲٴʲô֣һСӸɱʹʲôƺˡƲʧʱȰѾʮλ϶ӵУ˿ҪΪ尡
ΪŵӣһҰѾôɱ־ܣһһʹ࣡ŷҹȻвӣʱʮջ˵ȻҲǰŹˡ
һйã̾ǴƨֻҪ֣۷壬ֱӰŷҹԵģųһֻСҲӲˡ
УŷҹһܲػķǺöʱ򷶺û⵽ĻԼǲٰҲ
Ҫ֪ǴֶָͨĹ˵Ǳοŷҹ޻ﶼܴĿռ䷨ǿ㹻ɽİ
һ˲ת⣬ŷҹ֮УҲˡ
˵ɱޣʲôߣŷҹҲǱЦˣոڴڹҲˣΪߣǿŮӣӾҪɱˣ๼˵ҽɱǺǣ˵˽˶ԹһɳϣһˣΪҾӦվǿֻҪ־ΪĻֻһ͸㣬
ԾǸƾԼϲã㶨ԴˣΪԼӦǱ߸Ϲŵģ˵ÿһ仰Ӧǻʵһţ˿ķ
ʲô壿ԼһΧʱôһ壿ոչһƱ˲սԼսƽɫȴռϷʱôһ壿
һԼѹɱˣǹİ
ǰǳǺάϣһȴǹԺģΪֺֻ÷棬ҲСɵ𣿷ŵӣ˵ÿһ仰ҵȹ߶̵ֻܽķݶŷҹĶܳĻСӣɱ˲գۣضҰʱͺúý˰ɣ
ûˡŷҹ̧ͷϻһϲǵı飬죬Ҫ
ڵŷҹҲóƴʼնûҪԼģԼɽ͵ʱ򻹱һ˿ϣڿ˾һΪĿĲֶεˣɣԼɽпܱ֮ǰԼԨŷҸ
ȻôŹˣ
ŷҹ˵⻰ʱѾͬʱһͬһ磬ǵ˹Ƶǰʱľ޽Ȼʱûˡ
ô£ŷҹѾһѽһͨɫ֮̽Ųض֮ʤа
ôɷôаҲŷҹĶ̽ͻȻڿ֮д޴аɷ֮Ҳע;ȣ㾹Ȼôаɷ˵ǲħŵӵֶΣ
ŷҹĶȥߴߴʲôʤа̣ϣȴʤ˾ڼ֡
ںųƺ֮ȡʤɣʤаȴͬӦǽ֮еһ࣬һѳаϢĽÿһ磬аϢͻŨһ֡
а񽣣ʲô󣬸Ͳľ񣬽񣬽иŷҹ˵ǰÿӶһ£ҪһǶ
ѽŷҹҲǵһãҲһرɱôһˣ⽣ʱ˵ʶ·һħŵĵӡ
ͬǰ˻ĽòͬĽʩչҲŲͬĸоƩڽóǺɽȫѹ˵ĸоؽóչһǰе¾֮ŷҹʤаʩչ˻Ľȴһӡ


317 ѧ
ÿһа֮ÿһԷҪвûб仯仯ֻĽôһ򵥵ı仯̾˾޴ķӦ׽̾ͳ˽ȡħһ
Ϣһ޵ŷҹϣǲùˣҲһ۾ͿŷҹϷŵа֮ҲѹַҪħˡ
ŷҹѾȫĴˣȻҲȥܣʤаһӰһƬĹĻϵŹȥײ
Ļֻһʵֻŷҹĳ̫죬Ż˿Ҳа֮˴ĻӰĹϵķڣٶԷǰĹӰôš
ﰵп࣬ոһѾڽﶼѾˣСôôһѱԼĽҪõò֪ʮˣҪǸոճǰѽĴ϶ŷҹռϷ硣
ոŷҹѾڽʱԸˣŷҹһɵϣȻԼһôĽⲻǸԼһ
ǺܿͲôˣʤаһ̾ͷ֣ɲʲô¶ѽڽ˲٣ǽϵϢȴЩļ£ȫһħһа϶ӦеĽ
ǲò˵аħڶɱ¾ϣ϶ռžԵƣһаɱ϶ҪһøǿһЩ
ֻоа֮ϵϢżѹһһεĽѵӲٸŷҹƴֻһζԶܵķʽ
һű˱Ƶ̶ֳȣҲǱˣǾǱҲûðŷҹ˵ҪȡģɲΪŷҹ˵ΪҲҪȡŷҹûʲôġ

ڹƵĶϣȫһƬɭɭڹŵëȻҽȻⶼľӰԵʣʵ˿ѽҲǴһЩڹѣҲûжôı仯
ǹٿ죬ҲûŷҹĽ찡οѽѶǼƷ񽣡
ʤаȻŷҹȴѽȡƵΪڵʤа֮󣬻˵ɷܼʱһıǣǿɾıһħͷԨһ˳ܶ޶ɱ˵ﷸǿɾİʤаһħˡ
ǲù鲻ãɱˣѽþСڶӣ֪Ҳʤаˡ
꣡
˵ڶνֻŽʮѣƵֶһӣƵĿɾͲ·ˣſƤҲһ֣Ѫ
˾ƸоԼһʮֹ죬ŷҹֻһȭԼȴͻȻͶһˣʵǲѧ
ʮ׼ȷطֱ˿ھǶԷǰʤаģҲͬǶԷǰؽʤаϢаҷ⣬ڽҲǺ֮أ⽣ճȴȫһ
ŷҹڵһɣΪ֮⣬ҲҲĽ˰
ҪԼټּУȻѾŭˣ϶ᶯֵģֻҪܰŷҹǣסˣֻҪҵһյ̾ܰŷҹأʲôá
ֻϧ뷨ֻʮѾˣΪټȥ»ûпŷҹ̣ԼѾˡ
ЩƺյúǱĳǣڵ֪ҲҪֵʱﰵϲһβˣ˭֪ת֮䣬ŷҹȻøֻͣСҲŷҹһ˷裬ĻǰҪӳȿңʱҲһƬ֮С
÷λŵĴˣ˿ֵʱǵ˾ȻӢµشһǰǵСĸζųˡ
Ҳû뵽Ѿţ֮ˣȻⶼûз⼸꣬ŶûлһأͱһСӣɱŴ󺰾⻹Ǹ߸ϵĹһɵһ
ħͷɣҲһѴ󵶾ͳսȦ
ĳһ˵ӱأȴͺøëһӶƿյ˷ųصٶȴһ
治ɵĸ֣ҵʱ൱ŷҹһ˹ƣûüڶʱĳѾݵŷҹǰ
һ񵲣ǶŷҹĹҲǶʽķأһӰѹƵΣˣһĳŷҹѶ̽һ𣬶ʱصŷҹײˡ
ŷҹؿһƣЩ³һѪҲǾ۷Ϊû뵽ƻҪӾִ֣֮䱻ԷռϷ磬ЩҪصˣĽҲǷұ˵ŸǿĴ͸Чûбһ㶨
շģ㵱ҪΪѣŷҹʵ
ߣħŵħͷҷΪŵĵӣȻΪҲ˵
Ҳħŵӣ㲻ΪֻҪһѽħŵ˰ɣҸҶ϶аıҲûãֽһ㻹Ʒ˵öԲԣŷҹʵ
浹Щˡ
˵ǣûôƤΪŷҹ˵ЩʱȻһӾˣԼһֱܴѵһսǺҲһѴаϢıҲΪżаɱǳˣܶõ˶ѵ൱Ȥ
˵ִаıħͷĻħͷǲ١
û˵ҲһԭŷҹȻʳֻ˵ⷽмң˵ûУǣҲһ˵۾αԼǳء
а˲һħͷаɱˣǻܽƱ𣿡̾ͷŷҹۡ
Ǻǣ˵öԣҾ͸㿴һŷҹһɳسĶϽ֪㿴ûУ
ţ濴ŷҹӹضϽĽȥЩ죬һ֪ҲһаûмûУߣ벻ϾȻôа˵㲻ħͷ
ϵĶгʤаһҵɴ֮ʧ䣬ί˾ΪУողƾİ֮£Ӷί˵ţȥһ£ǲǣŷҹ˵ƽϢŸոһϢķӿϾǳˣô˴սĵҲ൱޴ģ㿴ضϽȴǴ˵ǸŵӣҲǹƵĶӹֵġ
ô㲻˵аҵĶ֤ɱɣŭ
ڿһƫƫ治֣Լǲٶˣ˳Կ
Ǳ߶СҲŷҹʾ֮£˻ƶȥЩǾҲһһͣˣϣܶһɡ
ô˵Ļǿѽӵˣŷҹ΢΢һ۾


318 ̫С˰ɣ
Ѫһּһ˲֪ħˣҲǳַϾھħţҲҪ̫ɱ᲻ᱻ׷ɱ
ѽȷҶӵеģ˵ʲôߡƴ˿Ѿվ˷ߣһԷͬ˵ӣ˵ʲôɱҶӣԲ߳ɽ
ǺǣȻ֪ʲôҾһ°ɡŷҹһָϵĳϽķʽǳѪÿһѽĳɹɣ֪Ҫȶ˵Ѫҽֻ֮ҪϵѪҲͨѪҺñѪԽ࣬Ҳó죬֪Ϊʲôѽ˰ɣȻ֪ѽӵģ͸˶ٵɱôһаϣֻҲûһѽܱһѸааĲǽϢḶ́շģ˵˭ħͷ
һɺԣƿɫѿԼŷҹ˵ÿģȴòƿڴ˶û˵ħſں˵һ֤˵ҶǸɱħͷδҲ̫С˰ɣ
ǲǺ˵Ȼֻ֪ǣѽУǹԼģŷҹҲȷ֪Ĵ𰸡
˵Уɾ͸ˣҪôŸݵ׽ɷҪô֮ħǱһεĳ˸͸˵ӣʹ˴ֿɾͲ˵ˡ
Ҹҿ϶ŵı浹û̾ͶŷҹʲôΪļʶȻҲ˵ѪһЩţֻûмĶҲûа취жϣǲǸŷҹ˵һѾѪ
ȻѽŵıڹŷҹЦһ£ʲô˵˰ɣ
Ƶɫѿȷ뵽ʲôȴʸڷϣ˵ۣ˶û˵Ǻ˵˵
ҵ˵һЩʱҲЩɻزˣȷǸո˵ǸѪĻֻǻᱻţ
ƶʱ˵һһ£ٱţǿǶ޴󵽲ٴĴ
ԭһɵĶӣһӱһˣһΪħűʦŵӣɶҪ޹ġ
ŷҹһ浹Ҳû˵һȣһҪŹɱԼﵹǸӷˡ
ҪǷĸֵĻ˵ҲǸ鷳
ܺãȻӦҲ֪ҵʱΪʲôҪɱ˰ɣŷҹʵһָƣڹţҪɱ㣬ҲǷɣֻΪҲɱ㣬ӣֻұһ߻ã㲻ôعذɣɣ
ʵŷҹҲѾ¶˾ģƲǲǻԸļˣҪɱˣƵĽƻѾˣܸ֮ʣôһݵĵˣԼΣ
㲻ɱüͷȴ˵һùĻǹħҲǲĵطֻһˣڹƣֻǰУҪΪӱҲûʲôԣһж֮ϣѾɱôˣҲô뿪ҿҲ鷳һо͵ҵϢŵķɣ
лˡʱҲ֪˵ʲôãǰѷ˵ֻһŷҹӣʱľֻŷҹСӲưոݣɱʮϣܾܲô˰ɣ뿪ɣʱٴһҲ赲֣ȰƷұ֤ڿѺڼ䣬ɱΪӱһ˽𣬻뷶˼
濴ŷҹһۣ˼Ȼŷҹ˵ŷҹ˵ҲɱʮɳϣҲ˵ˣʱͿѺﲻҪȷӡֹӣһصʾ֮ȻͻģƼȻѾ֤;Ầ
ŷҹһƬ⣬ȴЦЦҪѺңʲôɱʮϲ٣ԭɱҵݰɣҵȡ֮ѵҪѪɽ飿
ԭΪʶаħƷҲм⣬Լɱԭģû뵽ùƼ仰Ȼŷҹôǽ˱ϣƾȥõģ
˵ȱ۶װɵ˵ѺԼɱȻһʣˣȻԲɱǿ԰ĥֻʣһ
ҪӡֱЦǰɵȱþ֣ҪԼŪǱȻ󱻱ĥԼûбŰ
ŷҹ˵Ǹֻ飬ƺһڵĳﵹ˵һǡΪôأŻǾ۷壬һˣ¾Ź־ɱ֮ôһ˶ԸˣⲻӦֵź
ֻҲֻԼѣҪ˼ά䵽ŷҹǸǳ˵ˡ
ˣ㿴Сһϣһ˵ʱֻŰŷҹŵ֮ôɱǶС⣬ؼһֻ򷶺
ƺҲʶʲô˿ŷҹֿ˿ƣһӣҲգ˫ҲǸд󣬽Ҿ͵У֮ĶԹʱһ䣬ŷҹҪ뿪;뿪ɣұ֤ɲ㣬ֻδãҪһر֮ܶᣬϾ¹ŵĵӣҲһ˵Ķʵò̵ֶħŵıҶмӺͼҲӦĳͷͷǶ㲻ġ
λŷҹҲһɵ˵ģղǸֻûȫʵļһǿɰ˺ܶࡣ
ֻϧŷҹǲͬ⣬Ѿ⣬һҪɱƣǾ;ı䡣
Ǳ߲ȥɣŷҹ˵ŵĵӣŵĳͬ飬ҲʱȥɱŷҹĻȻ˵ȴʵ飬ʵ޹أֻһֵѡ
ɵĹƣһҪҸƵĶԹѾ£һ仰仰ܽ⿪ǱҪԹ˼ǹֻӵ˵ʲôҲǶԷ磬ӿʼڣÿһҪأһ˵ĻˣҾŲԽ죬ƻǱҪ
ˡҲЩŭѾµĿ򣬶ҿŷҹ˵мֵҲЭòûٷӡɣû뵽Сӻ䱾Ļǲ̣˵µΪֹǵΪֹ˵ˣɱʮѾֻѾǺܸˡ


319 ̫
ˣ۾˵ϹŷҹֻҪЦˣɲΪûʵĻֻѾ˲°ٴˣڴ·ңùƻ𣿡
浱ȻҲףŷҹ˵ĶǶԵģǱԷʣĻֻ˼֣ɫԵö˼ŭ⣺˵һΣ͵Ϊֹһеһر֮˵κ˽ִǲҷ
ߣŷҹûȥش仰ֻߵͬʱѾһ˹Ƶĸ첲
ƿ˳ﰵ⣬ǳԽԽãܴһһĲŸá
˭֪Ÿոһ⣬ŷҹһ˹һæһ֮䣬ʤаǶȥ˼ΪǱУûдֱۣεĺ⽣ʵС
һʱ򣬹ֻһۣʧɫ֮䣬ΪԼҪˣһµֲ֮ûɷʵ֮Ҳͬ˲
ȴӴȸʼһϣʹǹ죬ҲԳܵġʱʹĶͷϹ£ѪҺźˮŪһƬǡ
ȷŭˣŷҹһʹ߷εؽֹҪֻ֣˵СٽѺˡ
ֻһж̫죬ŷҹһ͵Ϯ涼ûüһоѾˡ
ҲǾ۷壬ķӦҲǲֻһ֮̾ͷӦһֱȡŷҹѡ
ŷҹһ֣Ҳ֪϶Ҫ֣Բٲһתһ񵲡
ʤаͺѽǰͻȻһ𣬾޴ײ֮ŷҹۡһѪҲһĴõɶȥ
˵˭Ҳٶ֣ڤ粻飬ֻܰӡѺˡ˵
ŷҹĨһ°ǱߵѪЦҲ˵˭ţҲһҪעǿ̫
Ȱ£㻹ô˵ִ󻰣˵ٴǰӵŷҹȥ
ŷҹͻȻı˷񣬲ٸӲӲʩչ紩ĺÿÿڷĵķ϶ﴩ˲ķֺ
Ĵˣǹȴǹ˲ȥֻڵֻǱ˴öˡ
һն̫ݣһҪǽŲôһ㣬˵һˡ
ɱſһκΰ취һҪСɱˣɱˣƷشŭ
ȻҪŭˣ˹۷ˣ϶ҲкǿԣұĸҲܺãټڷܵȵȺԭ򣬲ſڵĳɾ͡
ƣһ¶ΪֻҪһĻԵҲһ̤磬ΪһߡھȻնһȣڵľ۷Ϊ֪ܱܲסοء
ĵҲˣҪңôһ㣡ʱŷҹѾڶ̶ʱֹ˼ʮС
滹ŷҹĹɣŷҹȴѾ͸ĵˢˢˢ̳ÿһǵڷĵϡ
ҵ㵽λö൱ģ÷ʽ߽⣬ӲʵĲλ
һǳɣȥֻͬһһǷԭҪһȴײͣڿ䲻ȥ
ԼŷҹҪǿúܶ࣬ôŷҹѾ𰸣ʹҲǰ״
ŷҹһüķ棬ûüԲߣͿŷҹѾһʤаһŹƵĺȥ
治˼̧־ͰԼĳ˳ȥĿֻΪҪһŷҹĹơ
ŷҹҲһѷĳնϳأеĺ⽣ȴǴʱһӣŴͣûкͷѾء
飬ʱϢôҶţǱһͼҼ֡ŷҹһ֣ҲٸƮԶ˵꣬һתͷǮϵķ򣬡ɵĵҲһڹѾˣҪѰ𣬾ңҷǿȥҵļ鷳ͱһΣʱ᲻ˣҿɾͲұ֤ˡ
˵ЩŷҹѾƮ䵽Զϱ任ŷλǷҲǲò׽ķ
ҶӦʱŷҹѾ֪ܵĶȥˡ
ȥסź֪ͨǱߵӣҪˣܳ̾ʹ󼱵
ţҪǮȴǼæֹ
ʦ֣ҪʲôٲţɾҪܵûӰˣܳϴ󼱡
߾߰ɣѵɱı£Ǯ̾һ
ܳҲˡ
ΧĳҲĬĬͷ׷ʲôãסʲôã
˼ڿߣԼӷˣٲ֪ôĻǵ³ܸһ
ǹŹƣһһӲȻΪסǺοȥ˼Ͳأ
ﻹһߣҲûп׷
ʵ滹ûзӦСӿƿҲȷſıǮһŹƱɱȻסԼΪЩԱһȵӦԼʱˡ
ˣ⣡ǮȻ⣬ٸŷҹˣǻҪʾһ¶Էأȡһ¶Է
ǰһڵʱ򣬶С棬ڹƶˣǸǵﲻôһ
ò˵ܳΪڵ֮ףƵȷ˷ǳãûһߣֱŷҹһͨɱôسϣźܿɾͻỬ䵽ɵĩλȻһĩҲԶˡ
ڲ飬Լȥɡ̾һٶ˵ʲôƵģǺȻһ£ŷҹ֮䣬ǻǲҪȥΪá
Сһ˵Լô˵費ɱƵľģһɱ֮󣬸˵߾ߣκ˵Ļᡣ
ˣȻ˵˲Ҫȥļˣãû˼졣ѰʱֱȥˣļҪǿ
лָ㣡ǮϹ˵
ʵѾЦˣ鱾ΪһҲˣ¶ǵΪֹıȽϺá
ŷҹļ˱𣿻˰ɣŶûˣȥѰǱűİ
һӣû˵һ仰Ҳˡ
һҪŻر飬ŵ˼ΡȴӣҲһⶼûУӵȫˣԼо˼ˡ
λϣǶôģһ˵һ°ɣ治ˣǮϰʣµЩǱǣټ˴
˿̵ĳһ˪õһͷķΧϢ


320 ʦƷ
Ǯʦ֣ڲˣѡ֮ǰȻǶʦְˡϴ˿ҲûƽĿʵǽ챻ˡ
ҪԼɶ̯ӣܸ߰ǿɾ̫ˡ
ֻǮϰˡڳҲһӦ
ðɣҾ˵һҵĿǮҲûƴǣʵûеÿƴˣŷҹˣҿʵǲٸΪˣ
仰ǿͷҲǶ֮ǰһսܽᣬô˵ֻôһ仰Ҷҵ˵ĸо
Ҫ֮ǰҲôĻڻǹһɣڻǱӰ
ǿԲΪУϾԹҲǹŸ֮飬ʵûжĹϵŷҹưոݰ˵ĵ˵
ǵᣬŷҹҲֻҪǲȥ϶ٸǵΪѣ֮ǰɱǵʮϣҲȫ޴ѹ֮Ŷ֣ɱɱֵĻ֮ǰǾŸ˵ʱ򣬾ѾԶˡǮЩȴеǣҵĵֻǹŵӣвˣֳȥŷҹ䵽ǵͷϡ
һ¶ɫ
Ƶļӣô᲻֪һһ˵ĸףָʵҲǷǰλ˶ŷǳİҲǳˡ
˳һΪŵĵӣŷҹɱ֮⣬ҲҰһ֪ﵽĸȥˡҪ˹ƱŷҹɱϢ϶ȥ
ò˵ҲڵɵӣҪǸһ⵽ŷҹ˵ϣǿɾ͸ˡ
ŷҹһٵһͨ˵һʱˣɾ治֪ˡ
Ǯʦ֣ҵһ⣬ֻǲ֪ʲʣʱ飬ȴԵñȽԥ
ﶼǳϣʲôҶ˵ʲô׵ģ֮󣬴κ˶ҪǡǮ˵
ҵ˼ǣþһȻ֪˻ɴ鷳ֱӰʦţܱסɵһƬҵջ˵
У
˶һҲ湻ģǰŲŸոȥžһߵӣȻְ취Ҳһóġ
ǻ˵Ҳȷһð취Ϊ˼ȻѾɴвǰʦҲġ
ƣһУҪΪԼӵһ˽𣬷ɴ󣬴ڶ೤һŷҹƴԼ˵۵ʮҲһˡ
ò˵ҲǹƷµĴǹƲҲǵˣַشʧΪѾԷڣֻλͣԼ˵ȥҲ˲Ҳˡ
ȻʲôҲûǰմҶ˵˽⣬ǷĻʵ̫СԺԲƣȻΪʲôһԤҪ֪ҪһˣȥǳʦţһŷҹδػϿɣҲԵ̫顣
ֱӳŹƵ黹û˽ᣬֱɰʦˡֻôһ˲䣬λǰ֮ӣѾڳϸˡ
ҿԣܳϴʱҲͷǲȥС椶ˣŷҹӣڶجΣҪٸҴ⣬֪Է᲻ֱˡ
ǾͰɣǮϿû˷ԣ̾ͨ飬Ϊһ˽𣬵澡𣬴ӼҴִ³ϣȥ֮λλй׼ɽᣬ֮⣬ҲŰ裬Ź棬Ϲ¹磬ֽһʦţһ
šʵֻǸһ£ҵʱ˶ǵͷǣѾЧһ
Ǻðɣ⻹һε֮󣬹ҲϾҪˣҿεĹᣬɲȥμҲգȫɽͣҲһٷأڲصģɴãǮϽ˵
ɽҶһ㶣Ͼеĺ塣
ŷҹһ֣ǰɵʵһ̨ףڲǵĵһûˣصĳ϶ɱô࣬ϣⲻҪ¸ֵɵţҪȥμӣֻЦ
ɵı̼еģڵٳֵĻӦ˭ȥƸŽ֣
䲢£µǴǰĵһһӶʣˡ
Ȼһ棬֮ǰŷҹ˼ǣҲҪȥμӹᣬʱȻ֪ŷҹ᲻ٶˣԶһðɡ
һ߶ѹƵʦţƲ˸˵Ĺϵһ߶ٰɽһ⣬κнҪɵ鷳ҲҲκεˡ
ͷһӵȵףˣɲ֤ж٣Էɽľȷұġ
ЩܿҪһ£Ҳ̾ŵЩò̫ʱ䣬ĵĹžҪһεĴˡ
ֻһε𾪣֮ͬǰЩʱ𾪣һҪˬһˡ
ɽȻ˵ô˵ǵΪŷҹԱԷɱǵţɱʮϣƵûа취ˣֻܰɽϣٸ򽻵ȵ֮ٳ˾ţʸɲˣ³֡
Ҫ˵ˣǿԼŶ˵ģ˭Ҳסֻ򵥵˵һɼɽͬ䲻ãˡӴˡ
᲻ᱻֽ֪Ȼǰס˶׽򣬵Ҳֻȥ֪Լȥ֪ͨԷ
ȻɵĹһȥ֮ĴɣдССĹɶ׷ײ²ǳʲô顣
˴ӷҵĹϵƴһܶϤָİŷҹ
û죬Ѿϯ磬ν߱ɫ̸ľ
ŷҹɽ֮󣬾һ·Ŵڵɽȥ
ɽɽвٵ·̣ŷҹʱҲ٣Ƶظ·û¶óƶҩġ
ϽʥŮõҩһ궼ǧݵģֶŷҹҲҪ˷ѣһЩʺϵĶһЩҩ˼ʥŮȽ϶ģҲ˲ҩЧʧװԼĽָΪľǻ֮󣬿ܲûƶҩƷʡ
ϲģıʩ֮ҩʧҩ࣬˺֮ټϻƶͱͨҩƵҩʱѵҩƷһء
ҩҲÿһﶼһƷִ徳ߣһҲƵ˼ľƷҩ
ƷҩѾҵˣĹܴﵽ߰ƷĵҩܱǴʦƷ


321 㲻ˣ
ŷҹƵĵҩȻھƷҩĻϣһ˿һ˿ǵؼҩ˵Ѿ޵ؽӽ˵ؼҩˡ
ܴﵽ̶ֳȿɲǵɺϣǶ෽涼ﵽ˼µԭ򣬻ƶҩϺõҩ֮ĶŷҹĽҲѾﵽ˴أñǰǸƾ۷廹ҪȻһʦܱȵϵġ
ټϺ壬淲ҩǧݣҩÿһãǵҩƷ벻Ѱ
ڵʲôΪŷҹȴǿ޵Ϊ
ڴҲǾɣұľ˵ҪһһǶᣬܵÿ죬ҲܲңڵĺҲǺأһĹߣҾһڻ˵
⼸ʱΪŷҹҩԺҲõ˼ǧҩƵҩ磬ԾΪҲЩ
ǿǲһҿҲܵÿһҪǸҶԾĻˣŷҹǺЦ
㣿СԴŷҹһţǵģҾ㲻ˣ
ޣŲˣŷҹ֮ͻȻ򣬡ȿȣò㱾Ͳˣ
ðɣˣҲһ̥첻ӦôģҲܱ̬ҪˣɽϵʱǸʲôҲߣҲ࣬Ҳûô̬Ҿãͷۡ
ʲôŷҹ˵һ˵ˣܵʵ
н̲Σ̬Ц
ޣһȥСɿɰƯСѾͷһһ̬ؽţ治ʲô¶Ҳҿı̬ȻҪúõر̬ˡ
һ·ϣҲǵ˿վͳΪˣ仯ʱҲˣǾĹ俴ҲֱܷһֻޣֻΪһͨС
ŷҹҲֵ·϶һʱ˾ͱű߰졣𿴺ֻ߰ģʵҲǸˣʱţҲŶ˺ܶ飬˵ִһģһټϻ龢ŷҹһĶ֡
·ʱͻȻ绰ŷҹԷҴҵʻ
ŷҹֵܣ˵ǲȥɣ˼°ҲǸոյɷɽϢ⻹Լ̽ɽǸһŷҹйأ̾ͽ
Ҳûʲô¶ôˣŷҹɻʵ
ɷɽˣһ˹棬ѹƵӸʦţԶ̤һ
ԸпһݰĥŹƶԼĶôôݣҪֺŷҹҲɣʲôϵŷҹֻɱһӣѵĶҲҪˣ
ŶԭѹƵĶɽҲ֪ΪʲôǷɽĻܸôһϵŷҹһɽ֪ԭˡ
Ŷʲôϵһŷҹйϵеţŷҹͱ¦Ҳûа취ȥ
Ϊˣɵĳʮ֣ǵʵţˮȫչؼ꣬ʵָһЩ֮ٳԽɣڵʵҪĩλˡŷҹ˵
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յֻҪ֪һģ̾ͷ־ǹƵӣ˭Ҳ׹Ʒʲô裬ȻԼĶӸɽţŷҹһˣ̾Ͱһ
ƾҲǻĹһֻǵ⣬ڹҵزţ˵ףҲǹһӣɵˣǿǴһ׮
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Ҳɵ⣬ֱֲӰѹ˼ҵһʦţԭ¶ǹƵֱʣڹ֮ĳ¹˼ҵĶȥŷҹһŷҹһŭŭƵɵϣǿɾ͵˴ùˡ
ֱӾͳһҵѹ˼ҵĶһʦţôһʲôûʲôϵˣŷҹôҲȥǵ鷳
ڵõϢ֮Ȼ̾ͨеĹؼ㡣
ŷҹо仰˵òԣΪֻǷɽйϵʵеľģвڣҲŵðѹ˼ӶҴҲԵɵؾɽˡ
˵ʵҲǱŷҹˣȫǱƵġ
֪֮ԵǷˣǵŷҹִ˲ճȴûˡ
ΪʲôǸһǸвһ˶ŷҹɵˣʲôִģ
ԭҪʩѹĻƾҲøŷҹ˵̫໰Ͼŷҹɱ˼Ҷӵģ˽˶ԹƾҲȥ档ǵʱˣ϶ҪҸֽŷҹȡĿݣ֮Բͣġ
һжٷˣҪץѱɶŷҹſˣ˼Ǹ˵ʲôˣôҲܲô
˵ҪܣҲҪһԼķŷҹ֮ǰһֱǲģҲûжĽǣǴһ˺ʮҲҪԼһ亹
ҪŷҹëˣۺΪɶȹҪ߰ԲǹԴɸظһȥΧŹŷҹǻ᲻ᱻһŭ֮µŷҹˣǺֵ˼һ⡣
ϢֻƾһЩոҶ֪һжΪŷҹʱ治֪¼仹м˸ȥŷҹĻ롣
ԼģҲŷҹ⣬һж֮СǰСӾżߵһ£ҲǱƵģһΣҪ£ЩҪ˶Ĵɵİɣ


322 ѲĿ
˵绰֮ŷҹͺʱѾɽ£ʱ·вˣǲȥ̽ҲܿóЩ󲿷ֶμӹġ
ȻҲЩǹߣǴͨͬһЩʶĹֵģϾֳɲһܼģ˷ĹߣȫһַǷȷһʢ
ɽһľʱҲʲôεֻ˾ͻ֣ᷢÿͻһЩֵʱڣ߼һıݶ䣬ǳߵļǮǶġ
ԭΪЩݶѾ߸ˡ
ǰЩ߼ݵϰҲǸˣҲ֪ߵ飬Щ˶ǲܵġ
Ǯʲôʱ׬УҪΪ׬Ǯ˼ߣֻĹߣͷϣҲ㹻ܲˡ
ÿһʱǰ죬ݾѾ⾭ӪȫԹ߿š
ȻЩҲȱǮסݵķҲǲٵģֻʱķҪƽӱСģڷУʲôίϰҲӻ˷졣
ϵԱ֪ʱǺܹؼģȷ˵ƽʱ˳ͻռĻֻ˵㼸䣬ȻҲˣǵ⼸죬κεɣܸκοͻȻܶԱ̸ֻ˵ķݶ
ϰҲǹϿҪǣԱˣҲάúܶࡣʱҲԱٴһʱ̶䱸ţԼҪʲôѲĿˣȻɾҪùˡ
Ƶ꣬Ӧþˡŷҹһ۾ƵƣԺ˵
̫ϳϣǰˡڴʱѾӭ˳Ѿˡ
볡ȯõˣŷҹ˵볡ȯǺܺõһűͳһһȡ볡ʸ
һδĹظˣǴСɶ볡ȯһЩɢ޶ܽҩĺ͵ҩ˵ΪҪùӷ٣ԲŸءҲпΪǼ£Ҫһúõ˵ǣ˵˴֮󣬻ûôأֻǱһŵ֣˼̾͸볡ȯˡ
ŶŲʲôĿİɣŷҹգգ۾˵
ȻǹʢᣬʼʱһɾٰģΪشڴŵĵؽ֮ڣиŹϵУڣﲻ˶ѾǴŵڲݣѾǹܡ
ϾһʼҩģҲǴˣ֮УҲֻдҩΪԵڣҲţǹһɣҲ˵ӲѹһͷϾʦɲǺҵģѴŵˣպҪʲôҩϼѡ
ǰ϶һ볡ȯѵõͻȻһӾȻô󷽣ɢ޶˽ȥҪ˵ûĿģŷҹɲš
ǾʲôΪ˷ٹ磬ֻǸӶѣҪٵĻͿԷˣαһҪȵڡ
˵Ҳһгѣ겻ɢ޽ҲΪɢ಻ʲôöõó֣Ҳûʲôı䣬Ϊʲôȴˡ
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ŶĻҲпܡŷҹҲǵͷ
ɢ˾ģɶмţܿǵõʲôԵҪȻһ·ûɵĸԼأʵ̫̫ˡ
ǲţΪõ˼ĻԵ֤мֵģһҲȷȻֻ޶һΪϾһΪȺ塣
ţôԳû£һŵɢޣлԵ˵кöǲѡ
߰ɣǸϿȥ볡ȯȻȥ䣬Ȼ˿ɾͶˡæкŷҹߣϾҲ˵ĵطƵڶ˶ҪˣȻ볡ȯǾƵҲԤ˿ɾûˡ
ǲѾõ볡ȯôҪȥŷҹʵ
Ҳ¹涨ˣǰõ볡ȯҲܽȥʮˣһЩСɣҲܽˣΪһӼѡҪôֻһ볡ȯֻˣҪôǶĸ֣ÿ˶Եõһ볡ȯٴһµĵӽ롣˵ǣأֻõһţ̫ϳϹˣȻȥһˡ
˵ߴǳᷢ볡ȯĵطȥ
죿Ͻʱҿûʸ볡ȯŷҹЩ֣ͻ¶Ҳûи˵ҲܿóֱӰԼǾˣҪȻҲ˵ȥֱ볡ȯ
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ͻȻԼһֱûʹŷҹΪ⻹һصˣĦҮ˼ɵúѩΪҲ̫˼ˣΪؾΪŷҹһǾˡ
һƺҲʶʲôŷҹûеأǿɾѰˣ˵ֻŷҹһȥŷҹ߶һСŮô죿
ظǿԴ˽ȥÿ볡ȯҪţ͸˵ģҪȻֱӰ볡ȯŷҹҲˡڵȻǲҲǷֱֹ볡ȯԼãȴ͸ˣʧȥθĶص塣
޷֮ǰǣˡŷҹЦЦҲΪʲôˣʱԼʵź⽣ð֣ٽƣһ˻濴ԼǾظ֡
̫ϳʱͻƣԼǵŷҹ˵ڰԵʱ򣬸ոͻƹһΣŶ೤ʱ䣿
Ҫʱͻ˰ĻҲͻƵ̫˰ɣ
ŷҹϵ漣öˣҲһЩҲǣŷҹˣҲͰ͵ҪŪһԼϵְλߵ̫Ͽ䳤ϡ
ڿʱľǶԵģȻʼǿҪѩǸʥŮͺ£ŷҹǵʱһͷһеһΪ˭֪ȻôŵܾУʲôħħ룬첽ͼ񽣣һѾ峹۷ˣοһô࣬ԴŷҹŸߴ
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323 ҲյϢˣ
廹ھ̾ŷҹΪ֪պŻİ֮£ߵʲôزʱͻȻ˸һȥȡ볡ȯʲô
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¶ڿ˲֪ˣѾ¹磬ȫӷɽţһɽչأûиʱ䣬ǲٳˡ
Ǻǣ֪Ļǲȫ氡֪ΪʲôɽΪʲôǰŹƵҲ磬ȫɽ𣿡˵ʵ
ɽɽҲϵһŮ¶Ȥӡ
ò˵ǳΪ˶ĹߣŮҲȻһźͨͨİġ
ûйϵʵйϵҹϵͦ󡣡˹ע˵Ҳ˵ƿ
ˣ˵ʲôϵŮͲһͲǾظ֣ӦǸԼҳһԱԱ߶ЩˣҲǲصӣǳӼġ
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ĸô˵棬ǵһôŮ߾ȵʵ
µһɣÿһСĵӶ϶֪һʶ
ɣǣǵһˣޣˣ죬һΰɱôҵģɲһɣ˼ֻɽһˡ˿ŵһָͷûֻһˣһ˰ɱڵأѪɺӣŸ϶챻ɱˣ˵ΪʣµŻѹƵҲһɽţ̤ɽһɸɱۣ
һˣ⻰ˣһ¿ˮȻܶ̾ͷӦ϶ҥǻ̲סȣǼģıˡ
ʲôôŮߣԼİҵ
ˣһ˶֪ױһǽŮЦҪһ˿϶֪ҿǷ˺ܴ󾢲Ŵġ
ˣϻˣ㵽˵˵˵ǾˡŮȻֹӺǲ
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߶ĶЩ˵һϵƣٿͣʮа˾Ǿ֣Ͼ˸ˣֻоĸֲܵõ볡ȯˡ
ԼĻȥ˵˺Щ˼һæߴŴ뿪ԶһЩ˰ԼĻȥŷҹͻɱһ
̫ϳϣЩԥʵ˵𣿡
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һֱƯСŮǴĶðģҪ˵ŷҹŮҲ̫һ
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˵ҲûɱôˣʲôѪɺӣһʵŷҹҡҡͷ
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ʲôһ˵ڶ˵ģˣҲʮûֲɱ˿ħûɱҵˣҲȥɱǡŷҹŽͣ˵ʱ˲ٵЩһͱɻˣôѪɺӣȫҥ
Ӷ棬ô˵ɱʮʮԭûѪɺӵģðɣҲ㣡
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صĳ򣬾Ϊ˸һЩҲûʲôɰģ˵Ǵɽ£Ҫмظò£
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ЦҲ֪ڿЦҪԼӣǿɾͲ˵ˣŷҹóɵ̫ϳ볡ȯ
ŶǺãλ˹һΪֻй£һ¡Ҳǿ˵
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ֻҪΪﵽ˾أʯͻҫ۵ĺ⣬صĻʹﲻʯȻ
Ȼسں;۷Ҳзֱ𣬳ڵֻǵ⣬۷ҫ۳죬һ۾ܿó
λֻҪʯͿˣǳڻ۷ȫùʣﵽͿһ볡ȯһѡ
ǵŷҹץʯʱλ϶΢΢ü쳤Ѿõؿڣ壬ӣ
Ļû˵꣬Ȼ͸һĿɿڴˡ


324 ϹŶ
ո˵Ҫŵ̫ϳϲԣʵҲ֪ڵţ֮ǰǸѾʵ׹ţˣҲһո𲽵Сɡ
˵ҲӣΪ嶼˵ˣŵ̫ϳϣǱԼҪߣȻӦһϹŶ
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˹ǿһЩ˵ĺҶǿɾͲˡ
СӸոպ񻹴ˣԼڸŵ̫ϳ˵Сӻشôһ£úԼڸһ
˶̫ˣСҲ̫Щ쳤ϲŻῪڡ
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ոĻȻҲǱˣ漴ͻָŷҹҲһˣصʱսأھˣɣʲôġ
ǵ̫ϳϽǣͣ쳤Щεʵ̫˽ˣǵλ˲ˡ
ոǺĳ̶ȣǿǱ۷ĸֻҪǿ˵֮䲻òһˡ
̫ϳϣǣȻԣǼȻ쳤ˣתͷȥŷҹ
Ҳйϵ𣿡ŷҹ֡
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ŶҲûʲôҽʮŷҹ̹ȻشҲʲôŮҲûҪȥܣ˳һ£ꡣ
쳤Ϻ϶棬˵Ҳ˵ˡǶѾ٣ŵ˾سڣҪٽһϼѣ㿴˼ңʮ꣬Ѿ˾۷壬˭˵ȥ
ҪŷҹǵĻٸһԼʱ䣬λͰ˼ҵ͵ιȥͽ˱ˣˣ
Ŷˣҵ˵ˣǼǰɡŷҹȻֲ
ԶԶԣȵǼǣţ̫ϳϣǣæѱùдɣٵŷҹҲڴ֪Ҫ𾪹̫ϳϣһʲô֡
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ŶǶлˡŷҹҲûƴǣԷ˵ģƻͶŷˡ
ӦòԼȥҷӣ˾ҪѷóһûзˡȻַ㣬ϿȥҲʲô˵ˣѵô˳۵ĳϣǳжԷһҲν
ŷϿˣŴϽԶչһҲӦõġλ϶˵һЩ׻
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ſܻЩ˲Ǹٷĸ׽һˣԴŷҹɱɵ鴫֮̾ͱһɶ
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ҲҲԣŷ͵ҩҲڱǰ԰һˣǺǡҲǾЦʵҲûаⵤҩ¶ô˵쳤ϻϰߵִҩƿ΢΢һ£̴󾪱ɫҩ
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ŷҹ˵ģǵΪֻǾسڣҪƷϴ赤֪᲻ĸһһʱ䱻뷨Ūû
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ǸţҲ׳գһŴ򲻹߰ɣҪקקرԼʦţųҪ˼Ѱںˣ˼˵ˣӭѰ㵹ȥѰ


327 ǻˣ
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ʲô˼СŮҲ߰ӣʲô۷廹Զأѵ˵СŮѾ˾
찡ɴµĹ߶ҿʯͷײˣ̫ˣ
ֻţоɽܡ
Ҫ֪ѾٶˣŻһ㡣ȻΪһֻٶĻƺأҲСʲһŷҹĵҩԭ
Ҳû֣ŷҹĻȥˡ
λûб飬ذɣѰĻǸЦѣòô档ŷҹ赭д˵
ٴٲɣԼĳ϶۷ˣ˭֪˼ûеһ¶
ǻ˵ŷҹܲһ¶ǸҲ¶ǿŵĴ¶ʵĲడ
ԥҪҪתߣŷҹֺЦز˵ҵʱֻ˵ӭѰû˵ҪȥѰԶŶ˵ˣ¶˽ˣȥѰ顣
ŷЦˡ⻰Ƿȷŷҹû˵ҪѰ𣬿ղŷҹ˼Ҳûа¶棬ʱȴ˱ֵ˼ôͻȥˣµλϣçײǳһγײŷʵǲӦãصǰҲ׼һЩðһ䣬֪ŷȥһ𣿡
ŶŷҹƺûҪߵ˼Ҳ£Ҳǽˡ
ţ֮ҲҴⷿ仹Ǹǽסĵطһǹ׷ʳ̶ȵҪסķ伸Ҳֹ
λɡŷҹ£ֻſʲôԼ˵
Ѿ˵ȫΪŷƵ֮˽Żһʱ嶯ִˣçײļһƽʱҲûٴҲ۸ͨˡţŵʱȻ˵Ҳ⣬ҲһʱһƢȻֻ꣬зִģ޹Ҫ˵㻹ŷһţȻçײҲɱ˵ĴˣҽҲݲ


329 εķɽ
ǺǣͲҪȦˣʲôֱ˵ɡŷҹǱˣʵ˵ɣһͿţŭûɱֻҪ˳ֻһߣһͷˣ۸һСŮδе̫֣ԲŻѵһ£ʱĶɱ͵Ȳˡ
ţԿԵ˿ĭʾԼΣֻһó˵Ǹˣ֮ǰѾ죬һж˵Ը廰ˡ
ҲǸпŷҹҲӿ϶ŷҹǴ˵һŭͼ˾ɱħͷȻֻʲôִ磬ֱɱˡ
ô˵ͷçţĴһʦ˵Ǵ˵еķɽ͸ŷˡ˵Ŵӻŷ˳˫ֵŷҹǸϵҪķԱѾźã˸һǮҲһȥǸˡ
ŷҹ⻰üëǶһ£Ȼ˵ԼרҵڣµҲܵصֻԼ¹ķԱҲûǣٶŷҹЩøС
ְѷӹ۾ȥ̱ˣȻǷɽⶫǱﶼܵɽ֮ˣôصҿǲա
ȴסŷֻ°ɣһΪ˸ţ񣬶ҲԵŷ˵ɽȻãѾû˼ɽķֻһŷֽҪǲСıĸ̰֮ͽϢ˵һⶫŷϣҲﾡãǵҲЩ鷳һٶõ顣
ŷҹüëⶡȻǹţֶģ൱ԲԼȴǰæһ
ſˣȻɽҾ£͵Ƿ˽һ顣ŷҹҲƴǣǰѷɽһ׵˽ָ
ȻҲƷǷɽɲһҪƳķ䣬ǰǻ񾳲ƳģֻҪѷڱϣͿͨıɷɽòߣҲУڵŷҹ˵˵Ǵ;
ַֻ䵽֮ûʲô;ˣԺⶫˣҲרŸԼûеĵģԼܴϡ
ŷҹܵõһöɽȻٹƴǣǷҲӦõġ
ȻҲǿ£ʵϿңȷ˵ɽԷûпļֵǺ̹ϵظԼûʲôֵ
ʲôõ˵ǣΪԷ̹ϣȴӮŷҹĺøС
ܷðһ䣬ŷɢޣĸеĵӣŷҹˣ̽ʵ
ҵ̫СұȽϹϣʦö˵Ҳ͸¶̫ࡣŷҹֻӦҲû˿ȥ˵ʲôڹŵĿ䳤ϡ
ţǳ鴤һ£ŷһǲҪɵλã
ôŷҹǴĶĳġ
ʵһ󣬾ͻһɵĻᣬѾɽԽֻʣŻ䣬չʱµʵΪһɡܵ
ô˵һǱȽʵˣŷҹʵ
ǣǣŷҹһۣŷĻĪǽԸ
ʵҲԸⲻԸ¶ŷҹųΪ֮һǾǽŲ˭սŷҹ
ֻҪվǲ֣֮⣬˭Ҽʣµ
ң֮һɾͿѾûˣ
Ȼһٸ϶ŷҹȥɵˣǲò˵ԷʵģȻҲɽ
Ǿȥǵģţǵĵӻ̫óȻΪ֮һǲʲô£ҪãҪʵһСŷҹȴǰ֣ʾԼʲôġ
һһϢѾԺҪźúøϵҲ֪ôɵĵӣ£ŷҹִģĽʺް
˶ŷҹ̰ѷɽó
ɽ´ξ˷ĸ֣Ҳɵɱˡŷҹؿŷɽ
ǶڵʵܷӵĶ
ⶫڱ˵ֻһͨķɽԼȴвͬΪк⽣ɽں֮ǿһεķɽ
һ룬һ˭ȴܵ񽣣ɱǶôÿֲ
Ҳûٳɣ̾ͰѺ⽣ȡָѪε˷棬ʼ񽣣
綡˵ɽļҲҪķ˳ֻҪдһŷҲͷˡ
Զ˵ǵһŷֽ⻰ҲûдΪǶ֪ķֻǵɷֽһš
ŷҹǾʹͬˣ԰ŷһʣطӳ
ûеõɽǵõŷҹ飬˵ҲһջܱһŲõķֽǿö࣬ŻѡԵɽ֮Ķͳ
ԼĪ˰ʱ֮ŷҹָһűѪʪķ䣬ź⽣Ȼӡ¡

ɽѾһɻ棬ǻ˷ɻ֮⣬ǷϵķȴƮƮӡ˺⽣ϣǸ⽣͸Ľһ·
ֻ·ܿʧȫںϵ˺Ľ֮С
зɽˣŷҹΪͣǵõһѷɽηɽҲǲɵø
ɽҿҿΧź⽣תΪΣҲɽЧôһ£Ҹһ¡
˭ģŷҹ
ǸСӣ˼СǮ𣿡ֱ׳صСӡ
˵ǲˡŷҹ̯̯֣˵⽣Ľ㹻Ķһ飬÷ɣӶɢˡ
ǵҲǣ˭ŪƽôġԹ
ƽŷҹϹŵ񽣶˵ƽҪнĻǵҪСɡ
һҹ޻ŷҹͺڸԵжɹһϡ
ŷҹʱʱѺ⽣ųڷһӦŷɽܣɽ֮ϡ
ȻɽŷҹȴΪءΪʶΪ⽣ģҪԼ񽣶֪Ķʲô״̬ʦҲ̫ˡ
һҹŷҹҲѷɽ߰˰ˣǰ˽ҪֻҪʶһָӺ֮⡣
˵ɱͨˣȡ׼׾ٵ顣
ŷҹҲ֪ģѽɶ컯֮Ȼ޼ں˷ɽ֮󣬸޴ڣκһѽ˿


330 ɽ֮
ɱ˵ѽΪεԭ򣬻ռ൱ıˣԺ磬Ҷʶ£⽣Ҳܼʶ̽顣
Բʲôʱѽһ
飡
ŷҹŷɽʱŷҹŷԭ춼Ѿˡ
źſڣϣҪʼˣڹȥ𣿡
߰ɣǾȥʲôöŷҹ˷ɽ±춼Ҫߵúܶ࣬ʲôҪģҲ˵ӦҲвٵĺöҲĴȥ
ǳϵʵҪģŶʥŮҿҪλһЩΪá彨
ڵŷҹȻ˵ֻǿ䣬ȴȻǰǶһΪֻҪѩʥŮһ죬ŷҹͲܶŲܲʣҲõʱʥŮ޳˵˳˵ôѩŵŷҹԵҪȻŷҹҲʶ˭
ѩ𣿡ŷҹҡҡͷˣǶҪѩгӰңҵıһóùɵɽ֮˽񽣣Ļûʲôôŷҹ̹Ȼ˵Թؼ⻹ǣ˵ǰûԻ͹ţǣʵ̫˰
Ƕ޵ĳ嶯˵ΪҲһŷҹǰÿÿ޵ĳ嶯
˼ҽſҲûˣû˵ˣ㿴˼⴫еӵģһѽóܵɵɽ֮⻰ɲǴţġ
ȷûУǮĻǾ͸÷ˣôҶǹϵɴУôأ
ŷ֣ô磬Ҫȥ𣿡ھƵſڣ͵ŷҹǳء
һҹŬѾŪڵûʲôţʵϾǴǰ׹ţڻƴ֮󣬱ʤȻһŵСɣȷǲôۡ
ֻ֪Ǵҿ˱ŷҹɱţȻֻǿҲãҲ˵պ󲻿ܲȥ
ţ忴˿Ѿ͵̫ЩګګػӦţǰ磡
ôʲôʱˣҪΪ˵ŷҹѾȥˡ
ȫ֪ܿҪΪ֮һţΪʲôͻȻ֮Լôˣ
ɵĴͳȻ׹һֱаģҲһİų֮󣬽ᷢʲôҲúܡ
ŲĻ˳ܽɵģȻֻĩλҲһܱȵ˵ġ
ѵ˵ڵĻᣬ£һЩδõ֧ߣǻҪǶ֮ףһ
Ҳ԰ҪһɣǿɲǵֻС֧־ˣһǿ֮λпܡ
ֻҪ֧ʲôģЩˡ
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ȫûи״Ҳ̫ˡ
ʼǼ仰ԿǿףϾֻ˭˵Ҫȥ˼Ұ£ǿɾͲˣ˼ҿܻи˵鲻ҲҲѡ
ҲöˣΪ֣Ǻ仰ɾͲǿˣҪͶ
ŶԼҪҪˣֻҪͷѵٰ˵ĻԻȥ˵ѽˣʵǶҲѣʱǲܸ֧Ԯˣ
ֻҪһ˶˵Ȼ˵һ׼Ҫ͵ġ
ͰͿˣҲûмǵøжĽ飬ôһͻȻ֮˶ʧɢֵһ
ҩʱҲȱʲô֮Ķ߲ǱɵҲ͵õҩǻŷҹ˵
ŶŶԭһԭ˼ҲȱҩⶼҪõҩˣһЩֻ벻ŷķۡ
û£ֻҪоУúܣһЩǧҩ֮⣬ʲôûˡŷҹ̾
ȿȣһ߶ԣһ߶ԼĿڡ
ʲôһǧҩǶڳЦ
⻰ǲʣҪˣŷҹֱӻشһǣǷ쭻ǲ쭣ǺǣҲ쭲Ի˰ɡ
һͷ͵ȥ˵һ㶣֪ŵɽĶ
ʱţɽûء˵ҲЩΡ
ҵףĦҮģҪгûС
ţҲǸ⡣ŷҹǰ¶ˣûʺϽɽŵĵضҿõҩ
ûУ¼ʺϽɽŵĵطĶôңҲɸռˡ
µĵزв٣Ҫ˵ʺϽɽŵģǿһûС
ŶһǾǽڵɽڡͽˣҲԼɽŶͳȥİɣ
ˣң취ܻеġŷҹ˵
֪ôģһŷҹ˵취ǰֳһɱĳ˸¡
˵취ͻУǴ˵󻰻Ұοŷҹ˵ģǾУʵûУһˣ
ǺǣǸǽڽɽпյĻϵܺŷȥͣ£һλˣ˵Ҳˣæߡ
㶼ˡԱ߶Цš
ʲôˣŷҹ
˼ҪɽأһѽŸҪô죿Цż
Ŷŷҹףֲλôˣԭµôһ
벻ɿЦô
󻹰ԼɽŸԼһΪԼҪȥһɣҪǰк۹ϵɱ˽ﰡ
߰ɣҲȥɽŵ˵ɵģʵڲУʥŮԱ߶һҲǸѡ񡣡ŷҹЦ
ʥŮǱ߶ȷǻһɽνʥŮҩ֧أֻҲʵûеط֮Ĵ㣬ѡĻǾѡһʢĵطҲ㷢չӡ
ҲûʵҪ˵ɽţ˵һ޴Ŀ飬ΪȻһ˶ˣЩ˴ǰǿƭ˻˵ձѹģǵȻˣϺ٣ֻάЩ˵ԼҪгɽŵǮǵҪ
ŷҹ⣬ɽŵҲҪɣֻǺܲȻ֪ŷҹҲûаԼˣɽŶˣʲôŷ󣬵ȷԼ˵ˡ
һ棬ĦҮ磬Է治ȥٰЩ顣


331 ɱ¾Ŀħ
Ҫ£ɽĶνҪһŵĲжҡ
һЩɽŵ飬ŷҹһ仰˻̾͸Ӳص˵ͷ
λôͻȻˣ˵Ϊ̫ϳϣҲ֪ǵĹϵ˵һСɣ¶еӣҽӽ̫ϳǵ˸֮ǰɻ⡣
ŶҲûʲôҸģȥһŷɽҿ˻У͸˵Ŷ߽һЩŷҹ˵
񣿡Ҳˣǻȥ磬Բ֪֮顣
ǰиͷҪǵķ䣬ǸԱͱŷҹһ߷ˣȻϵʱǸžʹŴͷȥˡʵ˵
ǶﰵЦ˵ʲô¶˼һ߷ˣҪͰ͵񡣲¶ŷҹϣǾҲˡ
ڹѾһ˵ǻҪˣϴš
˾Ҫϵŷҹ˱ˣĵӳϣţҲǰǻ˸ɱˣŷҹħͷУţ
⻰ŷҹ˹ҪԩͷβҲһѡ
Ҳÿһǿǹһɣڴҵĸһɣǿ϶֮ǰѾСɣֻǴҴǰ֪ɱ֮˲𽥵չ¶˳
Ȼ⻰ڻûдŷҹĶǴˣҲ⣬ڵľҲҪģ˶ĸ۵ģļˡ
һĸ˲˵Źǰȥ
ʱ·ϵѾ࣬ŷҹΪһֱɽԳرȽҲǵȵʵ̫ãŻȥŷҹķţȻĹҪֹ볡ˡ
һ죬ӦΪֵһ죬ҲܴŰŷҹСѡ
ףǰв˶ſڰѵһ£ǿŹĴǰȻŲٵˣ˵ž˽ӴҲô˰
ŷڵˣǺǣλǴŵ˳ǰʱȡ볡ȯ쳤ϺҲУʱһݸߵӽܸŷҹ
ԭǳţʧʧŷҹԷʾ⡣
ˣŷϵҲ̫ˣȻŶӭӣǴǰһˣҲû
ϾҪʼˣΪ˱һǴ⣬صظŷ׼һᣬҲƴǣ͸ŵλֵܣһȥϢɡ˵λСɰڳҪˡ
Ǿллˣ㿴ǺˡЦ˵
ǺǣԺĻҲΪ⣬ֻǺǺЦš
ǾͶлţҲͲƴˡŷҹ̹Ȼؽ˶ԷʾãȷҪõһЩԱ˵̫ҲãŪ¶ǵˣɾ͸Σˡ
쾩ҵĺ̨ҸԼҲеڣǶС£ֵģڵĴŵŶôӣŷҹʲôɷŲµġ
ǾͺǾͺãʲôҪĻԾȥ쳤ϺǣֻҪģһ᲻ƴǡ΢Ц˵
ǾٴζлˣһһҪ鷳šŷҹ˳˵ŴҩΪҵ֪û˵ȪҶ
ȪҶɫһ䣬ǺǴ˵֮е֮ĵرҲҪѵã˵ǴûмǳʲôҲ֪ѵŷҪûȪҶҩ
һѣǾ֮壬ҪȪҶҩɣлȪҶĻһʱ֪ͨңʤмŷҹ˵
ѩľ֮壬һܣڵҲûȥ¼Ҷ뷨ˣڿԼ֮뷨ҲҪˡ
˵ŷҹҲûԼ˭鴺Ҳȥ˵Ȼûзġ
ҲΣɾȵ
˵ʾģû˵Ƶİ취
ʵӭŷҹһΪŷҹڵķͷһҲΪ쳤Ϻ˰ŷҹľƷϴ赤ø˼
һֶͨɱ˿ֻҪúдȥͺˣһ˼ͨ͸ƳƷҩͬʱֶĸ֣Ҳ̲סҪȥ£һˡ
Ȼ֪ﲻ£ֻҪŷҹԺƷҩҲܶõһЩɣ
ڵҩ˵Ǵűɸ׾ƷҩƷƷζʲô쳤Щˣõ˾Ʒϴ赤֮󣬿±ľƷڣҲ˺ܴϣˡ
Ҿ쳤ϵŷҹ˵ֵҩвǸ߼ģǸ߼Ĳˣ
ǲ죬Ʒϴ赤Ҳ㹻ȥ£ˣǰӭŷҹϾ쳤˴ŵĻʼն
ŷҹ˵ҲΣȻȣѾǵҩԲŷҹϹ˵ģһ˵еľεˣƳֵҩҲͲˡ
ֻõҩǺĶѾ϶ҵֻһȪҶԾ볣Űæһ¡ŷҹͷЦָһóһСӣһɫ͵ǰŵл񡣡
ʲôߣɫҲһҩмңȻ費İ
Ѱģɫ˵ЩɫСһЩطͻɫʱҩЧ죬Ƴɴ˵е˵֮󣬽Ļʴӡ
ǰʲôŷҹȻ˵ɫɫܽɫô
뵽㳣һصˣҲ̲סҪ̾Ͱд򿪣һˣżذһãոҪҿӣͻȻԼЩʧ̬ˣεЦЦ
ŷЦˣʵǴû˵ɫһʱʧ̬ЦЦҲԼļУ̹ϵ˵
Ǻǣ˵һҩ֮ˣ˵ûʹˣõ֮ʲôӦûУûȥݲȣҲҪˡŷҹЦ
ҲЦˣŷҹ⼸仰һ˵ǰζ˵ûˣ˵ȷǴ˵ֻ֪ɱ¾Ŀħ
ưƣһļһǧټưŷҹƵŻǿǿŷ˵³Ҳȡɡ
УȻŷҹѾ˵ҲԥѸ򿪣ʱһŨʵʵ֮
ɫɫѾ׼ŷҹ˲ˣСֶƭˣǳۿ֮󣬻ǱȵԸӡ
ǺǣȻɫŷҹЦ
ŷϱ֣ʵǴûмɫţʵγûмɫɫûмһʱʧ̬ûвŷϵ˼
޷ŷҹֵɫ͵͸ŵļҵȪҶպл


332 ĸ
ŷʵ̫ءɫʮֹŹ֣벻գҲ᲻ˣŷϵ󣬴һ߾ȫ
ˣҶѣ˵ôءŷҹЦ
⻰ʵ̫̹ˣֱжҪᣬҶѣû۸ŷҹѾˣ
Ҫǻô˵϶ᱻ˱ǷŵŷҹϣּŷҹóôصĶ񣬹ҲֻĽʼӺˡ
м黹Ҫŷϣֻ֪ɫƳھ۷мİɫ֪ʲôرĹЧ֪ҲֻܺƤŷҹˡ
ҩ飬ǰǿһҪŪˣǿɾͰϹָĵرһƴĺöˡ
ɫҲ۷ΪֻҪȫŵҩģѾȶ֮ٷҩĻʻúܸߣɫҪһŷҹ˵
һһҪƳ֮ĻʾǶܴﵽ߳ɻǰ˳ɣӼˣô˵ǴźܿҪĸˣ
ųɾšŷҹʹظ˴𰸣Ҳ˵ôܱɫһɫǶ֮һĻܽҪ˵ﵽʮеţǾųɾӦûˡ
Ҫ
ȻѹţϲѾǲˡԭΪ߳ɰ˳ɵĻѾǺܸˣû뵽Ȼܴﵽľųɾţ
ֱ˵ֻҪⵤҩ֮󣬰ٷְٵؾܽҲˡ
պԼһһĸ֣ǻҪʲôһɣֱȥɲˣ
ȻˣɫҲֻƶһΪڷ֮󣬿ԴﵽڣǶҲûЧˡŷҹٴβ˵
ԽԽ˷ܣҲûʲôνˣɫ֮ٹһΪöǾͿԴﵽڣٷãڣ
һת۾ͳĸˣ
õǰְɲ˲
⣡֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ˣѾ͸ˣҿʱҲˣǾȥ￴ɣŷҹ˵
úúã쳤ϣϣŷһȥᡣŷҹʾһǸ⣬ʵڱǸŷ񷱶࣬ҾͲˣպлᣬһŷϥ̸
¾ȥæɣλҲˣԼȥͿˡŷҹ˵
ǣðɡΪŷҹԸ˸ţҲֱӸλкȥ׼ãŷҹˣһܳκεĲ
ڵŷҹٲȻѾ֮ǰļУһҪĻ
ǰȥ׼ˣŷҹ˻Ƶر߿һ·ķ羰һ߶š
ɽȻ㣬ֲԵҩĴҪɽţҲвٵҩŷҹ̾˵
ȻЩ˵ܻʲôΪһɣ̶ȣѾǲˡ
ϣôһƽ޹ʸ˴ôĺô廹ãǿǱﲻסˣǴŸǵĹϵҲֻƽѣһӸô֣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ڸŷҹ֮䣬Ѿû֮ǰֿߣȡ֮ǾηˣŷҹûмӣҲǲ˵
֣ǺǣĶ֣㻹ΪһɫŷҹЦˡ
βǣҲˡ
ѵŷҹոյĻƭˣⶫƲʲôɫҲ̫ˣô֪֮󣬻֪ôأ
Ȼ˵ŷҹ£ҲӦгް
ʲôأΪ˵ѰɣŷҹɫȷƳɫЧԾ͸˵һֻҪǾ۷壬˻ɾ
ǳ˵ǲˡ
Ǻǣ˵ƳɫŷҹƲƲ죬ΪɫôƵİҿڹһƲҪɵҪȥҩŵ߰æ࣬˵ҩŻ᲻ǣ

Ƕˣԭءɵⶫڴͺǽŵķɽһ蹩ûô
ȻǺöǿųԲţ̫ϳ̫ˣ
ոճҲǱֺҩĸͷˣȫȻûпǹⵤҩûƵóҲ֮飬˭õֺöһ뵽ģպǻõľ޴ôⶫܲõˡ
ŷҹ˵һǾƲˣҲȥ˰æƣ֮ҩĵļֵһСģֻǿܲõסˡ
һ򲽽ûа취ҩƳɵҩŷҹٵ£ǻȻøмŷҹһܲˡ
˼ҸǻʵĺҩģĵرһҪ˵˼Ǹˣıأǿɾ̫˼ˣѶȥ
˭ðôõĶٻŷҹһƲһûŲ
̫ϳϣǻ᲻ȥҩŵҩĻҲõпܡЩĵ˵
Ǻǣ˵ǣҪðѶóҩŵĻǻܹƵóŷҹЦˣһпɶ֮УҸǵҩĿɲడƳҲһһŶһţûпܵˣ˵ⶫôĻҪǸҩŴǴŵøʲôĴ
Ҳ벻Ϊǹϵһǿ⣬ѰĴδǿ̫ˡ
ǻףŸͲȥҩֵҩģҩƳҲֵҩ˴ţǿһɵʵҩŴвЦһʵ̫ˣõһõĶƫƫŻҪж£
һɲôƳһŵҩǶٴ۴¶ҩſɲҪһ֣ųɾɣֱӶҡľҩŵĵλɿɶҩģֻǰһһɣֱӲʲôˡ
Ҫ˵ҩŰɣԼ̶ĸɶôɵ
˵֮䣬Ѿڲ쳤ϺѾúһУǼ˵ֱӴӺ˰ᣬһŷҹǸ˵涼ֱܿӽ˰ˡ
ҲϵС˼ŷҹˣɱ˿ħҲˣû˸Ҹ׽ȴǣһ۶ĸɶǳõĸţ˵ŷҹƷһиʾãǿɾͲˡ
ѾõϢŵĶŷҹߵĽ˭ܿóаͽŷҹ˼


333 
ֹֽģҲֻܾŷҹϣһЩɵĽӴﻹһѵѣռȡ
쳤ϣְһмŷҹһ۰ĳ裬ȫɵķһǼݻģһǴļ͵ġ
ְһʮûù⣬һҲͼһãŽ쵹ҲһģĶɵĻǺǣûʸְġ쳤΢Ц
һʱָпմŷҹĹˣȻҲǶٶСˡ
λȥɣԼͺˡŷҹ˵λվڰҲû뿪˼ֻÿˡ
ҲãѾԸŷκҪ󣬶ֱִ³˵ͿˡλϿŷҹѾ˵Ҳ˼վȥʵҲһŷҹһ˭֪ˣʲôöء
Ʒϴ赤ɫ裬ɶǴǰ붼ĶȻһһͳˣɵò˲ۺ찡
ȥˣﶼԼˣֹⴺҲʲôֽţύ˵ģҪǱ˴Ūʲôʲôèǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ͨıŽܸǽˣҲѾͷıҩʱǴﵽ֮ǰҲȱεİŷҹ˵
Ȼô˵ȴǺܹעõҩĵȷǲȱѩҩĻȱ褵ҩҲûдء
ȻؼĻѩһζȪҶĶǼ۸һܻеط򵽣ȪҶͲһˣϰ궼ҲҲ֡
ûȶʽʼˣֵ˿ɲЩһò绨Ů䣬үԸһǮ
ҪǿֵᣬٿڵһͷǶһվֱ᲻κεľ
ŷҹȻɫΪ竣ŮļͻǺһĵõģĸɰͷ̨ҲһȤ
Ů㲻ȥҲʮ۵ĿɰĶǰλֱ˯ŵĸо
λͬѣĹ֣ܣҩóϡ˼򵥵ؽһԼȻܿͿʼһƷչʾϡ
һΣɲĵôƵĶҲǷǳ࣬Ҫǲʡʱ䣬ͲãԴҲ˵ѻھ۵ĻڣһжǾؽʡʱ䡣
һƷ׷ŵõһ챦ǧ裡ܳϵĻ䣬¾ͷ׷
ֶȷ̫ټˣһ˻òš
˵Ҫһʲôأ죿߻ȵҲֶ࣬סɽõⶫĻ̫ˡ
˵˻öǿɾбˡ
ֵʱŷҹˡ
վվڰľ޴شǰ濴ȥֲǵ͸ģ濴һ棬⿴ȴ
ҲִƵֳҲеӾͬʱ豸۵ͬʱ˵ۡ
ǧŷҹһΣǴξѩɽǱ߶ɱ˽һŵӵĵط
ֻʱŷҹ;ãӦòǧô򵥣Ӧ衣
ֻǵʱΪ̫ˣȥѩɽڲȥû뵽ﾹȻͿ豻˴ˡ
ƷСȫ¶ȶýѾоԼҪɱˡô޴ĺκ˶û뵽ġ
ģӵеĺֱǲ񣬶׷ҲǸسϵΪ˵ĴۣŰⶫɽǲףͿλܿϡܸ֮һʵļ۸ļһ򡣡
ŷҹˣҪ׷֪ⶫãȻȥɽǿаѱڳ˷سϣŪֻ֮Ϊ
²ô򵥣ŷҹҡͷ
뵱ʱɽɻǿ˷ģ׷źܱܿȥҷĶҲԼеĳӰͺ⽣ƿ֮ȴʲôҲûУسϵΪҲΪܵӰ죬ȴֻõһǧ裬ҲûãóҲ֮١
ŷҹЩȻǲ²⣬ǲò˵Ҳµ˴󲿷ֵĶ׷ЩӢһ·ֵ֧¼ң⼸ҲȥļʲôȻǳô͵ûô죬Ҳϲˡ
ŽŴѩɽõһɽ֮ıΪ֮ǰҲԼõһЩϢǷѾ˼ƿ󣬽ȴǴʧŶˡ
ɽ֮ûеõȴʧظִ֣׷˵ġ
õı裬׷˵һôûУûãҪҲʲôңΪͨ˸ͲֶֻйϣŶⶫȤˣΪЩԹˣϲֶҲһ°빦Ч
Ѿǲѵİ취ˣ׷ŵʵˣ¼Ҳ¼׷ڲϵ֧Ҳֻܼ٣ϾԼҪûʲô׬ǮĶһЩҪĶҲǮҲֻܿЩǡ
Ҫ׷ź¼Լ⣬Ǵǻһ׷Լ⣬ʵˣٻ˱ļҲһĽǰﲻ˹ɵʵģֻṩһЩ֧֡
֮£׷һղһˣԭΪԼһ֮󣬾˳ɵ̨ģû뵽˳ɣôһǵ˵ȫһ
ǵʵǿֻǺܿҪɳԽǲԽ׷Ҫ൱ķҲԽԽˡ
򣡡ԥһ֮󣬹ȻѾ˽мˡ
ǰ֮ĽˣҲȻͱˡ
Ȼ˵ɵĲôһɢǿҲ⣬ȷ˵ŷҹǮԼҲ֪ж٣Ǳ׷Ӣе˵ĲҪ֮ϡ
ŻŷҹǮ࣬ǿһɵǮųҪȫãҲҪλһ֮ܡ
ŷҹһŷҵһʽŷҹֱӵõģôڳܸŷҹаģû˭ˡ
ʮ򡣡
򡣡
Щм۵Ȼ٣˵ķҲ󣬶һЩɢ޺Сھš
Щɢ޺С˵ҪֻҲһһģ϶ԼȱĶ
Ǻܶ˵ʽҲ޶ȵģûһҵ֧֣Լ۸϶ǽҧţ˭Ҳ
˰򣡡
۸һг̾Ͱͷ̧Ŷ¥İῴȥ
ܽģݵˣһҲɲʸ񣬵ȻҲгϲμӵģȻ᱾ǼҰģҲð


334 ޴
ĸɰһ־ͷһļǮ־ڱصðиɢüͷǸİᡣ
ӣǽһŵˣҲֻǵõⶫŻдô׷ӦҲǳġ˴
һŵȷдôǽһģǧ裬ڶƱǿкܴĺô˺õĻ¯ѱƷʶֻһ̨ס
׷ŵĶ֮ԷŵҲ֪ǧ֮󣬽һžŹǾԻһԵĸ߼ߡ
˰Ȼ̫٣ҲȷûдﵽǵҪ󣬱ϾⶫΪ˵õǸ̫Ĵֻۣǰ˰Ļʵǵʧֲˡ
׷ŵҲŻǻ۵ģÿ궼ֻҪһĺöܻ˾ۣǲҪҲһͷѪ
ʱǺҪֻǸͳĴģһԼȤĶϣԼͻһǿľ֡
ֶȻӣҲĹ֮ڣ˭Ҳܰѱ˵ְסñ˾ۣĵˣҲֻʹͳʱԭ߳һҪļǮ
һǧ򡣡
ȻһŵոչѾһŮ˻ӦӢŵİᴫ
һǧ򡣡һȴǴŵİﴫġ
ȻǴŰģҲ϶ʲôֽţҪҲֻĹֶɣһʧȥ˹ƽĻҲ͵Ҫʱˡ
ЩžٰᣬӮ˾޴ģǴǰĵһɣûдⷽʵǿ
һǧ򡣡һŵŹƺѾϵ˻һƵģѾúϰˡ
رڵһһֵĺö֮࣬ľҲңҪűȱ˭Ĳǿһÿζڵһɱüҷǳ
һǧİ򡣡ӢŽųۡ
һǧ˰򡣡Ÿݣֱһİȥ
׷ƺǳһ£ɫѾЩˣž𣬹ȻǴһŭģλǽĻҲ̫˵Ҫ𣿡
겻ؽȴǰҪ¶ˣ˭˵ⶫͶûáӢŰŮҲӦ˵һЩƺǹڵϷԷ˵ûãҿ˳ۣȥɽϿѵͲ𣿡
Ǻǣ֥˵еҶĹؽҪǲۣɾǴŵˡȻǴųġ
ʱҲףᣬǳǰˣμ˵ζˣȻսˣеˡ
ǺǣۣۺüɣҾͲȥʲô;ؽЩ˵
ҩɸһǸͲñģҪҩӸ裬ǿܻ̾ͱըɡ
ȻǱȴǰˣ㲻ۣҵȻȥѵΪҴһǧ˰򶼻ˣЦ
ؽ˵ˣǾԵлȨҲֻʵѹƴţڲϣžϴ
ǽһȻҲܳ㣬ɱһûǰɳԵôڵʱҲԴΪ
˵ܱؼңǵҲδأӢŵ𣿡֥ٴ𣬺ǾԼʱ䲻ܵһһγۣһǧŰģ㲻ۣӢҲûȥ
ؽˣǳҪ԰Ҳûа취˭һƷǽһҪء
ҲףӦþǴⰲŵ飬ȻĶôɣǶһõĶ˵һλҪһ⣬ҪǸӱһ
ƫƫûа취ĶˣһοɾͲ֪Ķˡ
ǹûˣԲؽǱ˲µ֪ǸӣҲֻܱ۾ˡ
ǧ򡣡ؽҲŽ̫ߵļ۸񣬷ĥţŶֵ˶׵طġ
ڻãûҪĻĶ־ͻˡ
ǧ򡣡ȱ̬Ҫؽˡ
ǧ򡣡֥ĳǲ̫ߣȴҧúܽҲǾԲģҲһһߵļǮÿζòؽ¡
ֻļӼ۷ʽǶ۵ӸһÿһҲ۵ãҺ۵øҪǴһᵽһܲ˵ļ۸һҧͲҪˡ
Ҫɣֻôһ򣬲Ҫ̫ϧˣҪɣһһѵһһ۸ȥǧˡ
ЩܽܣǾһһ·۸ǲݵġؼ֮˻᲻ųۣҲûаա
ǧ򡣡ؽҲֻֻۣϣ֥ͳһʧȥģʧһ
̶ֳȣСҲ֪ԼûʲôϣˣֻܿλͷɵĽŶ˿ڵľ˵ССɢˡ
ǧ򡣡ȻûòؽʧһӰѼ۸̧ǧòؽֱš
һΰѱ趨۳ɰֻȼϣŸûе͹ļֵҿȥǴҪѪƴˡ
ûа취˭òؽĲ֮أ˵ǧ򣬾ڣҪܳҲԥġ
һ޵ʵǣͳ
һȻҲǮǱһЩǵǮԼһô֧ô֧ģһټҪ֧ţҪǰ˦ȥǵõˣһӳԷˣҲҪɢʱˡ
ɱȡһǲҪ裬ؽҲðյġ
ǧһ򡣡ؽǲ̫࣬Ͼӵö˺ױ˺ڡ
ǧ򡣡֥Ҳʾһؼһļۡ
ǧ򡣡
ƴ֣ÿһ֣òؽҪ⻹ûа취˵ʲô˼Ҳ۵ģܲܲ˿ڰɣ
ҪܵĻؽ϶ҪĨѳ͸ϡ
ǧһ򡣡ؽѾκϣˣһβѼ۸ĵ֮ϣеòˡ
ǧ򡣡֥ǽ
ӢܳǧҵеˡؽĻȫǲʧ̡
˵õҲȫʧʵӢҪʵҲҪŷҹȲվס
ԼѱˣܹӢŵʽȻ̫ࡣ
ͲһŵĳˣǰӢŵɽŸˣҲǮӢȻûˣ֥˵ȴǹõġ֥ҲЦȻܴݣκεĲ
ؽɫȴֱˣЩп֥Ů˵ֶΣȷǲСӵġ


335 
ЩˣôĲҲȥѪƴֻҪһļޣҲã̫ϳҲãȥƴŵһܵģʱ򲻵òǴҵ
֥Ӣžһ࣬ӢǿһŮ˸ģŵȻû¸ߣɵĹҲûгԽŵλϣɹһ
ڵӢһЩûˣҲкܶԭ棬Ůܣ෴Ӣ£ΪûСλţǸΨǴӡ
ӢֻҪ֥˵Ļûһ˸ҷ˵ûһ˻ᷴ
֥˵ģҪӢŵɽҲͲǲܵ顣
ΪŵĳɾͣԶԶǲܴģһ־ԵȨǴǰĹƣҲﲻ̶ֳ֥ȣһֱǴĽʵĶ
ǺǣؽͲȥӢŻ᲻ȥɽˣǧѣǴﻹءӹЦһڡ
ؽѪոջ˵ǧת۾ͺһˣҲǱȻģһһ򡣡
۸񿪵ɢ޶еûӣѾˣ㻹һһؼأôҲϸǧɣ
һһǧ򡣡֥ҲǸһˣЦؽСˣڼһ򣬿Ѿûǽһŵķݶˡ
һǧ򡣡ò˵˶¼ǱŮ˼ܲ˵ġ
Ҫǲؽҽһ£ʱ֪˶ҪȥЦŮ˵ˡ
һǧ򡣡ҲЦټӼۣͿ˭סˡ
ؽֶֻץӷ֣Ҫⶫһ
һǧ򡣡
ò˵ϼһ׼۸ĳܷΧ֮ڣԲŻߡ
һǧ򡣡֥ƺһ׼ûУҧú
֥ӢƺòֶɣؽѾˡ
˵òŵĻҾͷڼ￴š֥˿ʾЦ
һڰǧ򡣡Ҳ໰ֱӼӼۣǴõİ취
һڰǧһ򡣡
˭֪ؽѪû꣬һ˼սţӾͼӰɣȻֻӼһȻûй涨һμӼ۵ķȣԭһٿҲУǴûôڵϷŰ
ؽЦˣǸˣ֪ĸɵСǸϼһҲã˭Լôš
ԭſһ³ϼһﱩӣ˭֪һξȻˣһû˵
ڵĳһڰǧһ򣬻ûٳ۵ģ˭֪˺ܾõܳϣʱͻȻ˳һڰǧһһΣһڰǧһΣ
Բۣؽֳ궼ɽĹ߶ˣ۸ŸոձӦҪ䴸
ŶոյȷͣˣʱôҲеӦɣǾȻһӦûУһ¾Ҫ䴸ˣ̫ˣ
һھǧ򣡡ؽæͺ˳ͬʱҲȥ
è壬ͻȻðСӣ˵ĴǸųͷģͷ˫ɣҪŪߡ
ǲ԰ҪһʲôѵҲʲô
һھǧһ򡣡ˣֻһ򣬵ɴ࣬û˿ȥҲǱűصõ̬ġ
ؽˣվһ˲ǰҪ˭
δŵĳӢŵ֥Ȼ͸һ˭ûиųۡ
ܳϵڵ߼һھǧһһھǧһһΣһھǧһΣ
ģؽˣҲ̫ˣΪʲôһ˽м۵ʱ򣬾ôҪ䴸è壬è壡
벻ŰôᣬȻҲʼһˣΥ氡
ҲȥǴԷٲ۾ˣڣ
ҲˣϾ۵ķʽ̫ˡ
ĶһɵÿμһҲ̫趪ˣܵ⵽ˡ
ԶԶԣֵӣҲ֪ĸȱһ˴ģҪͽܣһȥ͵Ҫʦš
ȥҪҵĻھ͸ҹгֶ۵¶ˣŻʲô
˵û٣϶۵Сβ¶һƲ֪ĵĶȥˡ
ؽﺰ֮ҲһĻȻңҲˣͬʱҲɻ󣬴žҪè壬ҲôһķʽɣҲ̫עˡ
˵ַʽҲܾƭԼֻҪһֱӼԼܳܵķΧ֮ڣͲС˿ӡ
ֵǣСһۿʼӢźʹļһȻͣȫûٳ۵˼ˣǼ˼
￼ǵʱͻȻһ㶣ǸǼ˼ոԼû׼þҪ䴸ôڵȣȸƨɣϿ䴸
һ򡣡ûܳϵ䴸ǸľˣȻؼһ
ڵ߼һһһΣһΣܳϵһοһΣǰͲ۸ܳɽһ
ңؽǳ׵ˣô˵СӣһģǰæҲ̫˰ɣֻҪӵˣ˭䴸
һǧ򡣡
ʱؽһ⣬۵ˣȻĳǸһҲڰ
ѵǽţؽͻȻʶ⣬ûǽȴʸ
Ľţһν֮Уһûȫȷأ͸˸Լа
ҾǽţŵϼһΪʲôҲ˵̻ǣѵΪ˰һ£
ɵˣӢź׷ŵʵ½ʵǿһɣҲǽһźʹţԴž˾ĸһ⵹Ҳ˵ùȥ
ǸͻȻ˳ȥˣһǸ
ҽŲŸոսɣôʽڶĶ
һǧһ򣡡ŷҹǳҲǳ۵
ǧ򡣡ؽһѧˣ˵֮ǰȳۣʡܳϴһֲŶҲ־ڱصֻʵ벻ףҪʲôô
ؽ˵Цˣǽſǧ裬ҲҸλۡ˲ؽĻʱҲǸ۵ԼĽˡ
ţǴһﴫؽҲһû뵽һξȻ᣿
Ȼ٣Ǵǰɵ˲Ż뵽Ǹ˵Ҳڰ˭Ϊʲôô⣿
ǧһ򡣡һ
ǧ򡣡ؽҲ˻۸Ҳӽļˣֻ֪ģźӢŻҪѲСӾ˭ʸʲôˣ˿裬ʲô;𣿡


336 
ֻһɢޣеȷǿˣҪȻҲĥ۸˵;Ǿˡ޿ɷˡŷҹҲЦ
ǺǣǸܷһ֣ҲεĶʲôˡؽЦе䣬Ｋʹ죬һɢ
˵ϲȥ˼ҾߵĵϸΪǰܸɾļûУҲûʶԷĹ涨
˭֪һΣȻͳһڰɢ޵ģòؽеˡ
͵˵ؽҲһ֪Իǲ˵ΪáŷҹЦ
Ǻǣô˵һҪĵˣؽЩţҲеŭ⣬ڵļ۸Ѿڶ࣬ɱ֮ǰҪļ۸߳˺ܶ࣬Ȼܳܣ뼫޲Ҳˡ
ҪȥֻǱȲˣر֪Сӵ˭ԣҪ衣
ѾﹴճһƻСӴű뿪ɽʱٴӰ·һٰɱˣɾʡǮֵõҪĶˡ
ֻӴ˾Ͳټ⣬Ҷ֪֮һȻɱԽĹӿɾ͹Ҳסˡ
ã϶ҪĵףǾͿ˭һǧһ򡣡˵úܺǼӼȴȻֻһ顣
ǧ򡣡ؽòҧϣξȻɢ޽˰ᣬڵƻذɣ
ûذЦ
һ㶣ϸһ£ûһɢ޽ģֻЩһֱֻɽ룬ҶѾϰߵȻˡ
ǸλɢǺηʥȻһ棬˴ûɢ޽İؽʵ
ˡҲ޿ɷ档Ϻ꣬ôᱻô׳
˵ŷҹԼû͸¶˼ȻҲȥõ¶
һ޿ɷʹˣΪĳʩ˼ҵģ䲻ģ˼Ը˭þ͸˭ã˭ܲš
Ǻǣλֵܣǧ裬ѵһֱݣ߳Ҳһعڴҵǰֺαضһ٣ؽǲ
⻰˵ôҶΪȻôһ裬¾дָһֱܰװȥҪϢߣȻǲ̫ܵģʱֻҪ˭ű裬֪̾ԷˣԻǲزס
ֻҪģ֪˭ģΪ㲻ܴӰһֱɡ
ҪأֻΪ˵͵ôעĿѡŷҹε˵ȻһʣҾ͸ɣҽŷҹǧһ򡣡
壡ؽոҪžۣͻȻʶʲôŷҹĸŷҹ
Ȼŷҹ찡ǸﾹȻŷҹǸһԣԲʱȥûд
ԭԭո˵һǸ⣬ŶҪӸʦŵҲǽ
Ǹ˵ͰѰӸߵģֻɫˢף⻰ոոŷҹȥˣǻҪ׷ɽȥһϴǿɾͲˣҲ̶ð
㣡Ǵսɽɵŷҹؽе㱡
͵͵ŷҹЦЦȻЩ鲻òʵһֱһܵ͵ˣ
ۣ
һƬѪ
һ˰ɣһɱ˵һˣ˵Լ͵˭ţ
ڴҶ֪Ϊʲôһ˵ŪˣҪ˵Ĺһܵģǿ϶ǷĪ
һһɣʵһ˵ǹһҲΪ
ؽҲˣΪʲôСһмۣ̾ͣԭǲҪŷҹ
⵹ֻ¶һ룬Ȼ֪ŷҹŷҹһ֣̾ͷˣ˵Ƕûʲôôãŷҹֶ֣Ҳֻһá
˵ŷҹֶһôţ˼͸һЩɫܹǿߵҩģ˼ȥŷҹʲôǧˣô˵Ҳһ飬ɫпɱ
˼ŷҹôװ͸ˣȻ˵æһȪҶǻȪҶǿĵرһҲûʲôϡŹֵģҩ˵˻ǰ͸ŵġ
һ飬Ҫ˵ĻڵĴŻûܻϣС˵ˣ͸ŷҹУֻŷҹء
һ߶֥ܰõĽĳ̶ȣȻҲһ͸ģ֪ǰŷҹҲûдȥͽ˼ǿƴ֣ʱҪŲؽߵ¶ͻȻֳ˼֪⡣
⵱Ȼǳϣ˭֥ûбҪȥҪĽҲ޷Ǿòؽ໨Ǯܱϼһ
Ӣڵǲֹۣʵ֥ԴִӢſʼӢžһֱûкùֻǿԼһ˰ӢŸڻɡ
֥޹أǧӢڲⱬ֮󣬵Ѹٵص䣬˵һȻû֥ɻѾûˣ֮󣬷ǳʮ꣬Ҳû˲Ӣŵ⡣
ֻӢһЩʣɱû̫ĵ̣˲ûԶ֥һ˵ľ棬ҲѾ˲ӢŵĴԽ
£û˻ӢһþݣΪֻѸٵسɳΪԼǿĶ֣Ĵɶ뿴顣
֥ȻҲ֪һ⣬ҲκɽãȻĸҪʲôҪѪ
ȻһǼ۸ˣͻ׷ŵ棬׷ŵҲֹۣ׷ŵõǮҲýһŸǿúá
ʵ֤ǶԵģŷҹ֥֮ɵתͷ˳־
־֥ʵ
ŷҹҵһЩ飬Ҳ˵ֻǲ֪鵽Ǽ١
˵ʵΪҵĺ̨һҪŷҹܴ⻻κһɵ˶о죬֥Ҳ⡣
ֻǵʱҲʵûа취ӢѱʵѾ˲ϳˣǳ־ûа취ȥ˵ʲô
ǣţ־ѾǾ죬ڵ֮Ҳˡ
Ӳ٣Ӣ־ˣҲֻѣǲп״
һʲôӵˣ֥ʵ
ûȥŷҹ˵Ȼʵǿ󣬵ƺһ£ûиߵ
˳Һɵֵһ˹磬ʱҲûиоʲôص㡣
Ҿó˺ܺãҲǱ˴˵ɱ˿ħֻ˭ǵѺˣԲ־ش
㵱Ȼ֥Ц
ŷҹǿƣ־ҲһߣҪȻڻûͻƾأڳ־ŷҹôһɱ˿ħǿ϶ǱŻᷢ顣


337 ĲƸ
ǵţŷҹȷһˣȻ̣Ҿ֣Ǳûеġ־ش
Ŷ֣֥Цʡ
塣־˵ӹ׵ֳڵĹѾٲЩˣ˵ֻǱ潲ѣˣڽĶ棬ʵʵ棬û棬һж̸ڱ˿ŷҽĹϵҲŻõܶıӻͰҲϣҪҽĹϵȥһЩ׵飬֮⣬ŷǵһվҵˡ
Ŷ֥Ҳ΢΢һ£û뵽־ĽۣȻֻǲ²⣬Ҳ㹻˵ŷҹƷˡ
ĵ鶼ɱȥģΪľ³˵Ļʧƫģڿʵӳ־ܵõֱӵĴ𰸡
ʵм飬Ҳ֪ò˵־ɫЩΣ˵˳ҶԺҽŷˣǣܿʵʲôҲûзҽ㵽ڶ׵ӣȻܿóŷҹʮϲǺŷǰѽ㵱Ǻѣûʲô飬ֻڱϣάָһܵӡ
Ǻǣŷҹе˼֥վߣ־󣬸һȥݻһŷ硣
Ҫȥ𣿡־һ£ȻڵŷǵɵͨҪŲȥǲԵҲ̫ء
߰ɣŷҹῴϣӢһЩҲ˵֥˵ȻûһȻֻ̾һЩȻþȫҲûֹӢ˥䣬ҲܣҲֻܰһϣ˵ˡ
㲻ӢܳŵڣȫŵĹͣţڵĵӶ֪Ҫ䵽ȥˡһվ˵
߰ɣȥݻһŷҹˣǲܵõʲôҲҪ֥ЦЦȥɵ顣
ӢŰ̸һŵİҲǺݺݾһ£ؽҧҧȻⶫŷˣֻʹ
ǾͶлˡŷҹЦŻӦһ
ԷϷòģⶫҲ־ڱصãȻǮóҲ⣬ǱϾһĿҪһƴֻһ˲ƵĽ
ܳҲ̾ͺ߼ǧһǧһһΣǧһΣ
ӳҲû˸ȥ۵ķʽⲻˣҶѾ϶ʱ򲻿˭ȥŤȻһŶˡ
ȵȣ
ôҶһ£漴ӦԲۣвģ
ǵ˭һֱ֮ɻ
׷ţҰʱǼ˼ѵĵļ۲ߣҪԼ̧ۣҲôɵˣ̧Ҳ˰̧
εĶŷҹƻǮҲͲɵϣҸè塣
Ǯţʲô𣿡ܳҲһüͷʵ
Ͼͳɽˣ׷ôˣܳҲе֣òʡ
һ£ƷǷܳϾڻûгɽ׷ƺҲеС
ʲôܳϵüͷøˣûŷѾҪ˳δ⣡
ܳ⻰Ҳǹģһ仰ͰǮŸ˳ȥֱ˵̫֡
ǮţĪӼ۸̫ͣǵĻҿһЩⶫ˵ȷҪ֪ܸܲŷҹҲæʵ
˿ŷҹвҪĻҿɾҪɱȥҪˡ
Ƕŷҹ˵еżⶫԭҪΪߵʱȥȡû뵽һ·£ûڱȡˣɲΪһȥɱˣ¶Ҳ
ŷˣǰ֪ŷҪ裬ԲŻڼȻ֪ˣ׷Ҳûʲôö͵͸ŷǧ򲻿ƴǡǮŵʮֿ
ȻԼһ˵ģŷҹ֮̾͸ļλĽ
ǣʱ򣬾Ȼûκ˷ԣΨһһϱʾɵԭ򣬾Ȼǵŷҹ᲻¡
ڵʽ˵ٲ٣ͨһĲƸǶһ˵˭˵ܳŶá
꣬ꣿͳŲôʱͻûˡ
ŷҹһŷҹʵֱԵһֱֻ˺ܶȫ԰һɽ
һˣֻҪŷҹһ죬û˸ȥ׷ţȵͶʡ֤֮׷ŴԷĵȥչˡ
²ðɣ޹»Ҳ̫ˣܲ𡣡ŷҹ˵ģҲʲôյġ
ֲɵϣ֪˼Ͷ϶ҪõıŷҹҲģְҵһ˭ǮҾ͸˭򹤡
ǮһҲеżˣⶫҲͲȥȻǸ⣬ŷҹϢʱ򣬾Ѿ׼ʱôҲ˵ó
ŷӦûǵСưɣǮ黳ʵ
ڵ˶һƬȻСʲôˣѵŷҹһõģ
߲񷨵ԼȢС檵ҲֻҪԷԸģҲûʲôˣԴֻǳⷽ롣
Сƣŷҹ룬ȫǵôһˣҺʶˡ
䣡
泡ڶһЦ
ɢҲǸŵСļһЦǮҲǸʣʹϵһ˼붼벻ŮˣҪ˵ĴЦ
ǮҲЩΣֻǰ̾СѾͷûи˼ʲôӡ
СܼҵŮǮ֪Եڶ仰̰ԨԴ˳ŷ˰ɣŷĴԵر
ŶŷҹҲˣԭСܼҵĹϵҲǸŮƭǸŮ˵ǲ֪Ůʲôء
ˣŷҹȴǿЦ׷ŻļĹϵѷ뵽ˡ
СŮ٣ԼȵҲܼҵˣ쾩¼û̫Ĺϵ¼ҵĺ̨׷ţҪ˵ΪͶ׷дˣյҲ̫ԶһЩ
ҿ˳ͲˣسɡŷҹȻûҪʡǮ
ҲãĻŷֻһ´ŵӶͿˣ׷һ֣һԸŷͻȥж׷ŵķ񡣡ǮȻ
һҲˣҪȰ˼Ҳñ׷űȥ
Ǯ˵ﻰ֮ǰžѾŷƷǶǲӶġܳҲæ̬
Ǯ飬ͽҲ͵̫ˣȻˣҲ󰡣ȻûʾţԼʱһᷴԡ


338 ҵĳŵ
෴ҪһӦҲûУºҪ˵ˡ
Ȼܳ⻰ո˵꣬ѾǻˣŷᣬΪ˱ʾһ⣬еһнףս׷ãֻǴŵһѡ
¥ŵˣſ죬ŰЩЩɣ춼ǳԷɧҩˣһǶɧƴسŷҹڡ
Ҳѹ֣˭˼ҵʵ̫ǿأ
ЩˣôҲǳĴɣͲһͽҲҪŴҵͽô
˼Ӣţ֥ڶû˵һ仰˼ңŽ֡
Ȼҿǣʱ֥Ѿȥŷҹİˣ
Բţߵİû˵Ļǲ׽ġ֥ų־ֻһŷҹ⣬ûнӽŵִµӣסˡ
ŶǴѵҪŷѩ𣿡ָ֥Ц
ԲţЩЩӵĶ̫ŵķԸҲΥһЩӵĿ԰ɡִµҲǿ˵
֥ʲôݣҪִµӹȥҲ̫˵ȥˡ
֥˵ǲùȥͽŷҹ¶Ȼȥŷҹ֪ˣǴŭ˶ԷҸ˵Ǻ׵ģȷ˵ûо˵룬ȥˣһͰѴ˶⡣
ŷҹ֪е飬Ҳȥ˵ʲô˼ɶΪ룬㱻ΧţҪⶼ˵ĻǴҲˡ
ҸŷѣҲ𣿡־ǰ˵
ִµҲЩΪѣʵµҲֻ˵Ǿ˽룬ô죿
˵ýɣҪŷҹѣмӸţͷŷҹһŭǶˣҲû˸˵䲻еĻ
ҪôͷŽȥˣ˶ô˵ǻס˭
Ƕɣⶼˡ˭֪ӳʱԶŷҹİȴǴŷҹ
Ȼŷҹô˵ˣȻҲ̾Ͱ֥ͳ־˽ȥ
ŷ磡˰֮󣬳־һ°ˣǣԼǸСѾͷǴûмʱҲûжʣֻЩ˶һͷŷҹܵŷ磬λӢŵš
ɡɵˣŷҹҲ˽һ£ѾˣҪ˵ΪڶˣǳҲǸؽǰŮ֥Ϊס
֥ʮͣŷҹ֪ʵŮ˵͸Щ˶࣬£ֻҲһ̫ŵˣֻñȽϺãܱŲʮա
ŷ֥ʵǿûʲôӢܳĵطΪӢںҪһ֣һɽҲֻŷʸˡֱ֥˵Լ⡣
ŶŷҹǶŮ˶˼ͣһͰԼĿ˵ú̹ʿ϶ûпģȻŮѾӸ͸ˣ֪ϲʲôӵķʽɸ˵ĺһõĻ
ŷһʹˣ֥ȻֻһŮ֮ƽҲ̹֥˵ӢŵŷҲ֪һЩӢûˣҲᱻ赽˵ʱĵز⻹ҪлŷӢһղܸˣҵҲֻŷˡ
֥ûʲô£ڹϣһֱڣӢҲߵɽˮʱˣҽŷְæմԸӢžŷݴ飬ȻʲôӢģҪӢŵɽţҲ
ǰϵ֥ûҪų˵ŷҹǱ֥̬ȣɽŶȻֻһ˵Կó֥ʱľġ
ŷҹﻹǲܳɹĻӢעҪ֮ˣܲټȥһδ֪
ɽ𣿡ŷҹɽȴǰһ
֮ǰ֥ڸؽʱ˵ɽŵ飬ֻǵЦһ£֪ŮʮҲɽʲôЦ
һΣ棬һᵽɽţȴˡ
֥˵Ϊ˲һٵĻƭĳŵĹϵοӢҪҲٵĿɽһȻ֥Ǻ֮˵Ļ
־ӢǱȽĵ𣿡ŷҹһ俴ȫĻ
ص֮һѡҲžʸһҲԶˡ֥п
²ˣתѾͣٲ룬Ҳһֱȥˡ
˵δɳ־ΣҾʹӦŻῼ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ŷ磬㣡־ȻԼҲϣŷҹʣȻ֥˵Ǹ⡣
ֻܴӦ㣬־һѡ˭ţҲֻһ˵㣬Ȼҿָڵ״һѷ֮У˭ʸ̳ҵ֮λ¹شûа취㱣֤һ־󡣡֥˼һ£̾˿ܾ
Ǻǣ𰸵ҵ֮СŷҹҲЦˣҪ֥ʲôӦĻԼˣɽأ
ɽţ֥һ¡
Ҫɽţ㲻˵ɽҲԿ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ŷ磬⣡־Ҳ⻰Ūʮơ
ҲӢôֻҪһŵĵطѡӢҲǵشϷｨɽţǵһĵط
ԭˡ֥ˣ֥ȻѾ˵ɽҲԣȻǿԵģӢӢɽΧ԰ѵһΪģһ룬ӢҪһ룬Σ
ǰδеˬˡŷҹҲЦģҿźӢŽԼۣһкʵĵص㣬ŴӢŵĵﳷ
˵Ҳδ̫СҵĳŵˣȻܰӢɽóûдҪȥҪģʵİֻҪܻӢż꣬ڵ֮УҲɲҴ⣬ӢպȻԿԼʵɿ⣬Ǳ̲ˣҲԼãԹñˡ֥̹Ȼ˵
ˡҲǰ𻰣Ҳǳŷϵ飬Ӣŵ룬ȻúӢദϲʲôٸӢ̵鷢
ǺǣȻҿ¶ǾͶˣ壬һʱ䣬ȥӢɽٽһʵɽţ¶ҿɾͲȥٰˡŷҹתͷ֥˵֮ĹϵҸұ֤⼸ʮڲ˵еĻǡ
֥ʵѾ˵úףպǣֻûʱӢųɳ


339 ߼ϴ赤
Ϊ˭Ҳܱ֤ڼ֮󣬼ʮ֮󣬻һֱڸǺƽദԼţҲһһŶ
Ȼǲʵģ֥ţӢŵĺţҲӢŽñǿʮٱȥηš
ŷҹһ仰ƺЩⶼѾˣŷҹ֮꣬һӢŵɽҲֻݽط㳤ڴ
ŷҹڵΪʲôӣ֥Ҳ̫ǿܰ˵ΪҲɵûˣ⣬˵Ǽʮ꣬ٹ꣬ŷҹҲǻúúõģΪӾ᲻ﵽ˵еҲұ֤˵Ļ϶ܹˡ
Ҹո˵ģҲȫԣڣӢ˵ܷչøһЩΪǰЩ꣬Ӣȱ־Żᵼڵľ䣬Ҳ᲻ӢߵһڵǺ룬ӢɽҲøӢһʾҲһ֮䶼һٽЧ֥Ц
ӢŽãһдպŹ֮Уĸ˸ӢŵˣŹ洦á忴֥ô˵Ҳ̬
л֥ڸǿŷҹ̬ȣ⻰ȻҲʵ⣬Ҳݺ⡣
Ǻǣѵһôͨ͸ˣôֻ˵ҪӢһ仰Ҳδ̫СһŷҹЦģպӢҪĵҩ֮࣬ҶᾡǣֻҪҩģһЩ߼ϴ赤ĵҩʲô¡
Ǿ̫ллŷˡ֥Ҳϲ⣬ȫ֮ϲ
ÿҲӦġܰɽŶóһȫøڵĳܱ֤ȥ֮󲻻κεķŵ̶ֳȣŷҹҲֻĸо־ǳʱǲҲҪʾһ£
֮ǰѣӢҲûиʲôȫŷҹһ˲תΣΪҪ˵Ʒû뷨ҲǲܵģԾǺû£ǶӢŵ֧ҲҡΪֹǲǰʽƷˡ
֥ҲֻҲ˼ȥ˵ʲôϾԼԱ˽бˣҪҪҲ̫˵ȥˡ
ʱӢţ˵ߵ;ĩ·ҲһΪ
ŷ磬ҵ飬ڻ־ҲǺΪ˵
޷ڵӢţҲһҩǮòŷ仰ӢҲǵһߵҴӢ£лŷ˵֥֮ǰҲǴһЩúͽ˼ĻڵҲǶŷҹ˲СĺøС
ʹŷҹóҳϿΪӢſǡ
־ǳҵˣһΨ֮һŷҹĻӣҪӢˣӢڵʵֲȥһµ֧ļ壬г־ԭ򣬼Ӣһµļ֧֣ǻ᲻ظҲŪûˣ
ⶼǺ˵飬ǳ־ԼҲȫ֤ϾֻӢŵĵӣͬʱҲǳҵ
ʱƷһ£ó־ع壬ȫӢվڶ涼пܵģ˭ǳŷҹء
ʱӢžʹһǳεľ˵άȣֻǿȥάڵ
ŷҹȻ˵ܰӢҩֻһ㣬Ӣ֮õĺ£־ľǿɶ֪ģҪҲҪһβ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Ϊŷҹĵҩ־ȴǰˣɼŷҹڵҩһ裬ҲǷͬСɣ֧֣ⷽӢžռ˴ˡ
־ȥү˵˵ҲӢŵĿ䳤ϣȫ֧֣ǳʵûмһ˲쾩ҵĲҵе֧Ӧò١ŷҹȴɫ˵ӢΪĹϵ׵ҵڶֵ֧ļ壬ǳȴΪٳӢŲǾɣүүҪôġ
ţŷ硣־Ҳɵӣ̾ŷҹ˼Ҳֻ֪ҪӵӢŵ̾ͻỺ⡣
ΪֻҪ֪ŷҹ̬֮̾ͻǰһȫ֧ӢŷչŷҹİӢ˲ͿԻָһʵ
֥ŷҹıӻټϵҩ֧֮ӢҪչûпܵ顣
ھãܵõŷΣȷһ顣֥Եظл
飬ǲеĹϣƫƫʲôҲˣŷҹҲûȥЩˣΪĴžԼɽŵһ顣
飬˵ʵ֥뻻ģԭҲֻŷҹıӻѣȴû뵽Էô⣬Щ⣬ƺŷҹ֮⣬ܽġ
뼸֮󣬳Ҳӵ㣬ȷľŷҹҲЦ̶ֳȣĽˣҾҪúѧϰС
屻˵һ죬̫ⷽóҪȻҲҪŰָŷҹƹˡ
ŷˡ֥ȻЦھͿһɽŵ飿
ҿ˲٣Ҳ̸ʱˡŷҹĿſڵķȥ
Ŷ֥ûʲôŷҹȻô˵Ȼϸصȴš
Ȼڼ֮һмˣǳŰˡ
֮ǰ˿Ķܲпţŷҹʵ̫ˡ
ԣֻĻӦòôȷЩģѵ˾Ȼܿ˵ǣ˵еʶ֮
֥Ҳֻǲ²һ£ֹϵ˹صģȻҲȥðŷҹˡ
ҾȸˣʲôҪģȥϵҡ֥˵仰֮˸ǣ뿪ŷҹİᡣ
֮󣬲Ÿոû߼·ӭѾˣһ·ǴŸͶˣһ·ǧң׷ǮԼ³Ϲˡ
ԭҲǮһ۾Ϳӭ֥Ҳ׶ԷʲôȥˣŮԼﶼûأ˼߶Ѿˡ
Ǻǣǣ֥Ҳֻǵ˵ͷתû˿Ҫ׽˼
Ҳ⣬Ӣһ׷ŻҪûɣҶðҲӦõģⲢûʲô׵ĵط
෴һûɱһ䣬飬Ȼ֥ڴҵ䣬Ҳˡ
ŷǧѾ˹Ҫͽ𣿡ŵĵվſڹʵ
ɡŷҹӦ
ŵӣæǧСƽ˰ᡣ
ŷʩǰ¶Ȼ˲ͽ˶Ҫĸо
ಣ
ֻŷҹһ֣ϵĶ̾Ͳˣ¶Ҳ̾ͻ˲٣ҲûиղϢı䡣


340 龪һ
ɵˣǶûпŷҹʲôϵĶûˣǣŷҹ˵ûյɣǿɾͲˣڵĶҪǸҪ˶
ǻȥɣ˵Ѿˡŷҹ˵
֮ǰѾ˵ŷҹӶ𣬶׷ŵҲ˵ˣǲҪǮҪ͸ŷҹ¶㵽Ȼû˳Ҳ˳ûʲôֱˡ
ŷҹøһǮҲᵽ
ŷ֪ԭղ˼Ұǧ˰
ǻ龪һ
ոֻһ£˼ҾͰѶˣҲ֪յʲôط˵ⶫһĴռָղİŷҹ鴫Ȼúܡ
ЩǵȻҶʣŷҹһˣԴ󷢣ˡ
Ǯʱ⣬Ϊոû˵Է˵ԵҲǴŵĵӶԣ˵ǵȽϺá
ǮţȻˣͽһɣҲжҪ㡣
ӳȥʱŷҹҲ˳ŽһǮ顣
ǺǣŷǱ裡Ǯݾȱܵɨűڵĵطֻ˵һ˵ȥˣΪûпʲôط
Ƕĺ̫أӰҵ壬ҾˡŷҹɻʵǮҪʲôô𣿡
ûûСʵҲǸղŵĵһһ£ŷҹȻܰⶫյĶȥˣǾͲˣ벻ŷȻװֱķʱǿǷ˺ôľŰ˵
Ǻǣֻõõ˵ĶѣҲʲôŷҹֻӦһ
ȴǲˣǻƺһɽ֮ô˵ǲʲôأ
ŷҹһֶۣԷûҲֻˡ
ſҲ֪жǮһһȥˢ¿Ļ취Ųᳬġ
ŷҹȻ֪ԼжǮڵɲǵ걻ײʱʮҪȥ׬ܵõ֪Լڳõ
⣡ŷô˵ּĻˣոնѾ˵˵ģⶫ͵˳ˣȻĳˣǮ׷ǾԲյġǮһǼˣ͵һ飬Ҫûͳȥǿǰ׸һˣɲһž˵ģȫĳϣһΪԲŷǮĻ֪ҪôȥЩˡ
ŷҹҲЦˣǮ⻰ԼĶһʵأֻǾ׷ֵ֧һ壡ݣҲǶ׷ŵĴЦˣ
ǮͺȱһһźţҪŷҹϳɶˣһ;һֵڵıҪǲ֪˿ˣ˵ǵ¿Nͷ¿ŶӴԴ̤ȥˡ
ҪȻҲԶô󣬷Ҫű˵ʹġ
ǮôϰѿװŷҹҲֻ
Ȼ㲻ҪǾ͵ǷһɡŷҹʵǷǳȥǷģֻڿһ취ҲûУ˵ҲʮҪĶպҪŴ񽣣ֻܰһΣܻܲ㣬ǿɾͲһˡ
׷͸ŷȫΪ˱ŷǷʲôǮȻô˵ţȴЩʧ
ŷҹֱ˵δػỹҪ֪أôҲ׷ŵʵһ°
ڿɺãԼźŰѶͳȥˣ˭֪ŷҹôһ֪ôĻҪٿˣɾͿѼȥˡ
ƫƫŷҹ治ʲôԹԣԭǮҲûʲô¶Ҫͳȥ֮Ϊһ仰ԹԣǾûǮҲǰŷҹˣɲʲô¶
ɣﻹϴ赤ûȥΪ˵Ϊ˻ؾ֮µϷˣǵΪӦþָܻˣʣһţԼŸ˭ɣⵤҩƷ˵ѷߵΪһЩûʲôģͿˡŷҹһ˦Ǯһƿ
ͬʱҲǰЦǮȻҲЩļƣֻϧ֥ĴȱվСˡ
ոԼ˵һỹ飬ǮεȻܺãŷҹʶǸʲôԵģͷҲɨԷʧˡ
ǮҲܼУֻǸ֥̹˸εķʽԼ׽ŷҹ˵˾Ʒãֻϲ̹һģˣļˣ̫ˡ
ʲʲôλϵΪٻָǿɶǾڵĸֵģѾ䵽˰ؾˡǮ鱻һ¡
ԭʧûȫɢ̾ͱϢ
֪ǵΪûƾʧֻΪǧ躮̫֮󣬷סǵĴ󲿷Ϊȥûܰķӡ򿪵Ļٹ꣬ǵҲûа취ָˣֻҪһϴ赤֤ǰҪĹ֡ŷҹȻЦһ¡
⣡˵ĻǾ̫ллŷˣոյʧѾӰˣֻ뾡ȥЧ
ڵĳΪָĻǿǲеңֻûȥùҲˣοһΪҩҲõĽˡ
Ҫ֪ڵǮȻ٣ܲڵĸҪõʱⶼδ֪֮
ҪЧĻǾ׷ռˣһռˡ
صĸֶظˣҰһŵҩٺһ£۷ĵӷã˵һظ֣ǴⰡ
Ȼŷҹ˵鲻һỹˣǹŷҹڸĶ׷˵ѾڶʽĶˡ
Ǯڹߣǹ˵ҲҪ˵Ҫǿʵĸֻ֣ҪɵʵǿˣպҪǮУϾǮҲѣû˭᱾ĩã׬ǮǵһλǾͲǹߣˡ
ǮϾһţҲɵŷҹ˵Ų飬ȴǸôĺôһ֮ǰ˵Ͳɿ˵ŷҹ˵ոոЩҩǷĳ
ǮӼһ£Ҫŷҹгһգνٻһ£׷Żʲô
룬ڸոյʧѾҲ벻ˡ
ˣЩҩȥǵȥ԰ɣﲻЧĻңһǿԸ𵽵׵ġŷҹ˵
ҲǮЩеӣŹµ
Ǯŷҹ𵽵׵Ļ֮ҲǸϲ⣬һĻɶûˡ
ŷҹ˵ԲĻƭˣΪ磬û˭ʸҪʲôԼȻ˵ˣǱ䣬Ҳصĸ׷š
ȻǮεĿľѾԲشˣʲôĵġ


341 С
Ҿ͸ˣŷͣ׷žǣպлᣬһٱǮҲֻ֪᲻󣬵ƯҪ˵һµġ
ǺǣŷҹֻЦЦҲû˵ʲô
Ǯ˵ҩҴҵؾͳ˰ᣬҲٿֱһɽȥˣ˵ĳȥҩˡ
СǮ֮󣬺ƲС˵
Ǻǣ²СҲ࣬׷ҲǱƵزСһҲǴŵ̶ֳȣҲ˵ûʲôӡŷҹûȫš
֮󣬲˶֥ŮӢһ̹ѣϾЩŶﲻ֥ȨƿأҲĻ˵ҲȵǣǺǣһֲˡ
ϣǻҪȥ𣿡ʵ
ȻȻȥŷҹЦɣʲôеģҲ˵
ǺǣǶл̫ϳˡҲֺǺǵشӦѾǳƺϣΪ˱ʾ㹻أǳƺΪ̫ϳϡ
ŷҹô˵ʱ򣬴ҶΪǿۿŷҹڵĶѹӣ̫˿ˡ
Ȼûãͳһ罣
ⶫʵҲʲôƷŷҹֻһۣҡҡͷ˿Ȥ
˵ΪŵӣϱţڶԽҪѾ˿̵ĳ̶ȣ¼³˼Ϲžͺ֮⣬ʲôܱˡ
ϣܿϰ
һǰѽϲòˣʮҪ
ѽŷҹЦŮõĽҲ̫Ǹʲô˰ɣ
ãҪڵĻһϲ罣ġǵǸһĽ͡
罣Ȼô󣬵һԾŮߵĻģԽʮ־ɺÿټ罣Ľʵ֣ÿŮ߶ǰһ
ŷҹЩˣʹ󣬲ʱһЩɫӫ۶ѣⶫʵսôҹӰֽߵԣνһѿźÿȴһʵõ彣
ǼȻǶô˵ˣŷҹùϵǲСѽҲʹˣպٲˣԼָһѾˡ
ǸСѾͷѩϲúܣţѩҲ˲٣ƾһ㣬ŷҹһѻıҲǲΪġ
ڣһ罣ֵǮˣÿʲô
罣ǽһŵƷѽкܶŵ㣬ҿ˵ҲóѽŮߵľ彣ʹ֮к⣬ͬ·һ㣬ƺܶŮ߶ϲȻйҲԼ檡ܳȻֻŮ򣬱Ͼˣ罣ĵ׼һҳ۰ɡ
һһʮ򣡡
䣬Ѿһ಻Ůߺ˼ǮȻǱѽˡ
ŷҹҡͷƽȻҲһĵ׼ǰѱʦǴƷ罣ҪùĻҲһˣֻǱ趼ҪӰ
û취˭˿أ漴Ǹ𺰼ۡ
һٶʮ򡣡еϾǵһĶõĻԼǮȻ˵ãҲ̫֣ȻҲҴԾ
һ٣ҪٺͻȻͱһƴˡ
һͷûĶļ𣿡ܻסͬ졣
Ķ۵˻ûע˭ģΪҵĿⶼǰѽϣΪѽʵôҵĿⶼ棬Ȼŷҹ
氡ŷİᣡͬæǵѣ±֪ƵģǴѾͬһʱյϢ
ŷҹˣŷҹֳˣȻԺļۣǴǸûдģѾкü˶֤ʵһ㡣
ǣǸָѽһʦȵط־Ȼ䳡ˡ
ԲۣʲôλΰʦҲǸոͿֵܳΪһŮߵĺء
ȻŮ٣ǰ֮ģ˽֮˹Ҳĥ٣ǿһôƯıܰԼеúһĶ᲻ģ
ȻˣŮ˻Ǯʱɱ˻Ҫʹ࣬ѵӾͻɹˡ
ǣڣȻûжˣ
ɲˡ
İǵİӼ۰ʹӰ
ʦڰҵʹźᾢԼȭͷҪˣҲûһټӼۡ
ܳҲû뵽ȻҲҪͽŷҹҪĻᶼûа취ˡ
ضһʱҲ̫ۿȫһĳţĵĸоܳԼоˡ
û취ֻվ˳ȿȣ罣ڵ߳ǣһٶʮ򣬻и߼۵һٶʮһΣһٶʮΣһٶʮ򣡳ɽ
ʦ棬ԼѾ˿ıѽͻһ£ԭָѽһĺüǮҲüǧɣʲô¶ֻһ˳ۣһ˾ģȻôһڣͳɽˣ
ʲôʲôǹİɣ
ʦһٸŵĿѽѾǱ˵ˣҪѱҲǲܵ顣
ϾⱦûģҪһ˳۶ûУܰѽջûˡ
ţʦЩؿ˲ؽš
ˣŷҹļۣˣΪ˭Ҹ𣿡ؽ˵ҲǿЦһ£ԼոնѾŷҹЭˣҪȻƾʽʵĻôҲҪ£
ŷҹҪĲ㣬ȥô죿ֻʽ𣬳ʲôɾͲ̫ˡ
һǺģǾԼĲһʱ϶Ǳĳɱˣ˵ܲð
ǣô죿ʦЩƵص֮ǻкüѱһҪǶȥǿɾͿˣҲܹ𣿡
ţΪǸңؽǱ⻰˵һ£¸ҹŷҹĲûУ˿϶ǹģ϶ġ
ɣɣɱղʦѾƵˡ
˵ղسɱǱȽϿˣôʱʹһѽֻ˰ʮ򣬵ȷǰһ¡
ҼĲһˣؽҲұ
ոǸ˵һؽ溦ŷҹǸ취ˣǰ·ϱˡ
ÿᣬǽһҲͿżѱȽıһ³棬Ҫŷҹÿζһǻ˻ˣ
ǰţҲǸ⣬Ҫһ°λҲǰ̾
ҪôؽҲû˵
ܸܲŷҹ˵ˣһҵĶûˣŷҹ᲻ֱý
ҪùŷҹҲ㣬û°˵ģ͸Ҫ˵ŷҹˡ


342 һ
һһ罣ߵ˵
СһҪǱŷҹˣ˵һǲؽݺ˦Ǹһһ䡣
ʦҲæһͷֻŲøղŵĻһ
벻һǰɣͻȻһ
ţʲô˼ؽǰһȴǽʵ
жۣǽһţĴţڵĴŹҲùˡλϽ͵ԲŸһ£ߴһʲôõİ취
Ҳֻˣؽ̾˿˵ʵûãҲûеףҪȥ԰ɡ
ȻһҪˣٱôȥɾͲˣĽһţ̵ʲôǮˡ
ؽȥÿ죬Ҳ죬һǸ֪϶ûеõʲôý
ôѵһģֵ
Ҳ֪«ʲôҩȻ˵ŷҹҪǿʲôҩģֱӰͣǮҪؽŵʱ˵⻰ʱֱ̬ҪѪ
ͣӰ˶ˡ
˼ҴŹгȥύŷҹˣȻֻų
֪ŷҹһɫǿǱǴŵκҩĶҪö࣬ŷҹҪʲôҲӦõġ
˵ˣѾ֪ŷҹͨҩĿ϶ûʲôȤģҪǻȪҶǲĿꡣ
Ǹô죿ѵҲͣҲˡ
ͻȻ֣Դӹŷҹһ֮󣬿ûôŤ
ǵҪһͬһȥԸʱ򣬲ŷִҶƺѾӦĴˣֻнһŻɵûӦ
еĻҿֱȥһŷҹɣܲͨһ£һѱʲôģҪǵƷֻ֣ǲ֪˵᲻ἤŭؽĿԡ
ŷҹǻǹƲ˼󣬵óĽȴǵ̽һڷ˵
û취ؽһܵŷҹİ⡣
ؽʲôɣһֱվŲʲô˼أ
ؽԥʱô˵ʱѾˣһ󲻺˼˼ҾȻѾˣԼɵվųࡣ
ҹһŷ֪ŷһζڱʲô𣿡ؽȻʼ̽ˣֻʵеֱӡ
ŶؽʲôõĴóŷҹǺȤʵ
˭֪һʰѲؽһΪŷҹҪϵء
ûûûֻһ¶ѣǵмĽֻΪµĵҲ࣬ûпǺҪҪؽܵӣΪʱҪǻûȷѾˡ
ŷҹҲûдֻǵͷƺǲôĺĻˡ
ʵҲ뿴ŷҪʲôĽҪõŵģҿ͸ŷһѣٻǮǵЩˡؽ֪ŷҹ˵ǵӲͷƤ˵ֻԼˡ
ûû£Ҳ˼Ǯȱ˶ˡŷҹǺЦ˼
ؽǿһѪû
ɲǱ𣿿ɲǻ˼Ǯһľû˾ˣܲ˲ųˣ
ǧ豾ı֮·ˣʱȻֱǳﲻ
ؽɫÿǲ̫ˣŷҹƳһ۶Է˵
޷ʵŷһ飡һҧֱ˵ɣ֪Ҫյȥ
¾ǳѪҲһԼƷǿ
Ŷ˵ܰһŷҹص˵ͷ
ʵмѽƷҲһɣŷȱĻأҿ͸ŷѣҲ֪ŷڵֻҪ֮󣬻˻ŷˣǮͣؽ˵ʱѾˣŷҹ
ֻǶԷȴǺ񲻶һ㶵ؿǸʲôϵ
ǶҪˣȴҲֻţ˼ŵЦ̫ˣҲе˼
⻰ʵҲ԰ʲôϵǵģǵģܲ
˵ǳ֮󣬻Ҫغһ۰û˼ȵȣ
ֻǲؽҲп˵ˣ¶Ҫ˵ûйϵܸ˭йϵ
˵ŷ̧¹֣ԱûʲôҪĻܾܲҪ֣Ҳ֪еȫأؽҲҰѻ˵ֱ̫ˣŷҹͷ
ɻ˵ˣŷҹװ˵˵˵е״̬Ҫ˸
֪ͺãǶӦðذŷҹʧʱһ¶Էһ仰
һֿˣҲ밴ذ°һ̫ʢùض㱻ˡ
˵Ը޳͸ŷѽԲϳֵĲֻϵƷŷһʵ׷ҲǿԷؽѻ˵꣬ԼҲǺݺһ
갡˵ܰԼ
Ͳ˰ɣҵĽҲδػϲʵڵġŷҹָӡ
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Ǯһ𣿡һԲ廰
ؽıҲ֪ҪôˣһС˵ôһ£
ҪѰСˣŷҹ߶ģǵüסһ֣̰
ˣɣȻһŻûʲô͸ŷǲģ͵ǽһŸŷļʲôʲôɡؽ
ֻм𣿡ʵ
ؽһ飬ǴĶðܺӣһŷҹôүͲɸ
Ļǻصúܿ죺һǧһǧ𣿡
ؽҲ̫ˣһǮô˼հŷҹҲ
ǸǱҪհյĻôҲǵһⰡؽ㲻˼˼ոô
ҾͲˡŷҹǿӲؽӹһǧʽĿ˳־˦壬ǲؽ͵ģʲôȥɣǵҪлؽŰ
ǣ̫ϳ˵ǣؽʵ̫լʺˡҲǸп
Ҿ͸ˡؽ˰ᣬһֿɺĸоˡ
Ȼʧǧ򣬵ŷҹһǵı۵ĳŵоֵһǽһѽĳǧļ۸Ҳֻʧѽѡ
ҪǧǮʱŷҹÿѽôһ£ʧɾʹȥˡ
ֻ֪ߺ󣬰˶顣
̫ϳϣôһǲǾͲĽһŵıˣʵ
һǼƽұͿϣҪһǮɣҲǿŲǡŷҹЦ
ҲЦ⻰Ҫòؽˣ֪᲻ᱻõѪˡ


343 ϡı
¶ǰ˵ۿˣû˵μ֮һȻҪܹǮ˼ҲҪμӶҼۣǧؽҲͷһݶɡ
ؽǱ߶ȥ֮󣬵̾ͰͦˣţճȥɣһҪĳһüǮŷҹѾƽˣҡ
ؽҲû˵ôƽģҲûʣʲô취ܰŷҹɱƽˣǶһֱ°
ŴҵĳĿ⣬ؽﻹۣһǧעֻԼһˡ
û취˭ֻǮ˲۵̫أԻԼɵ˶һ˰ɣʡԼӹҲס
ؽţͷһ죬ŷҹҲٳ˼ΣĵĶҩġ
ǰһֻҪһж̾Ͱһ̻ĦȭƣҪ·Ӣһȸ£һҲԱѻȸܳѾŷҹˡ
ƺѾһĬôÿ˶Ĭϵš
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ŷҹҲֻҪǳ˵͵ģҲһǮˣǺɫǶأǶˣԼԺٻĸǡ
ʥŮƬǧҩŪʲôǶϡı
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ֻҪ˿жҲ˾ֻۣҪ̸˼Ǯ֮󣬸˾ܶˡ
Ǯ̫ߣûа취ֽأŽת豸֮һжΪôҸõĽס
ⷽ˺ܶ꣬ȻЩ벻
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϶ûеĶ𣿡Щɻʵ
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345 ҵţ
ŷҹ֮ϵУȻҲ֪˺һֻٶĻƺһǰҲǿʵϣƺٶ꣬Ҳֻ൱߰СӣֻʮϲװˣǰʱôȻˡ
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346 Ӣ
Ϊŷҹڸأɽأ˼ҾȻֻˣһﾹȻԵ̶ֳȣǴҪĶȻҪˣ
˲ϰ˵飬һΣѡֽˢٻ˵ûи׼ѡ񣬲ŵĻԡŷҹ䶢ŶԷòҪӣ֮ĽֻʰҲԡ
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Ⱥÿһͨǻӭһ
ǲ֪˭ҸǰȴǵƤ棬һڲɵ˵ֽУŷҹ

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ǵĹƣҲڹŵľٶ
ֲҴһֲһ˵ʶΪʶ
Ŵ˲һ˻᲻£ڿˣɵŹȥû죬һžԲҶŷҹ˵Ӧõŷҹ᲻ᶯǲŶԡ
˵ãһ֮ǰĻвŷҹ˼ŷҹγûвԷ
ֻŷҹȻẦ£һƲؽͻẦˡ
λ˳Ȼĳ˽ǧıջˣŷҹ֮һֱֵĻһεĹᣬһдջġһλһųЦ˵
ŵһѣǻвٵĽûأֻҪͷȥβ׬
ѹǣڣǽһŵʵǿģֻҪŬѲһЩҲǵĶ֣µһţעǵˡһҲǸ͡
һŵĲؽҲǷһʯͷ֮ǰһǧŷҹ֣ڿԵػ㣬ҪΪֵĻڵĽ˻ٵÿڵʮ֮һܴܲﵽǸⰡ
ף˵øˣͻȻһ˷䣬ֻһɴˡ
ţʲôؽһԼĶӣɵüͷΪԼﻹ棬ʲôӡ
ңһЩεؿһԱ߶ĳһۣҲ֪Ӻ˵
ʲôңʲô£Ǹ˵εĹᣬ겻һԻҪȥ£ǲǻˣؽȻҲ֪ԼӵԣΪոս죬ͺ˲𣿽ģȫǾ죬һΪҪǿҳȥ£ɴժ


347 ֪
ɣһǲժֻǵôĳ棬ժҲʵǲÿ
ʲôɣժؽŭ
һΣֻðɴȥĴƬӡʱôҿ˸
ţ˸Ҵ㣿˭ؽһӱ⸱ԣɵҲЩŭ
ո˵һ¶˸ҴĶһ¡
ýһţڶҪųµһĹţﱻ۸۸˵óӣ
һȻҲ뵽˸׻ֱ飬̾ͿʼʹǸˣȻʱ򣬰ζƵŷҹϡ
˵ԼһвĹŽȥ޸Ҳ֪ĶðһɶļһҪ߼ߡҲˣʱ˵䣬ԼһŵݣԷ񶼲һ˵ľǽһŵˡ
ĸɵĵӣʲôΪ˵ҾҪȥźúõ˵˵ؽŭ
ӾȻ۸ӣٲ֣ҪΪ̫ˡ
ɣ˵ܾһɢޡһ˵
أؽҲüͷ
ϾԼĽһţôôһûʲôصļһҲͲܳô
֣ȻҡһҲƴˣԼΣȻͱΡ
㣿ʲôؽ֣ĳҲ֡
֮򶷺ǴýϹҲǳ£Ҫ˵ˣǲֻøŻʲôʱ֮ĽҲ˸ȥˣ
˵˵֪һֻѧһ顣
ҵؽˡ
һĺҵ
ؽҲԲһһСľͶˣߣĶСӣǽһţĽ࣬ҵҪ˭ôӣߣ
ֻǸ۸ӵСӣûаȾܣѾʧòӰɾͲˡ
ţȥҲ˰ɣԷȻԣܾšһ˵һֱֵֹֹĸо֪ﲻԡ
ţҲָо˵ǽһھ˵ǵһɣҲǸŲಮ٣׷źӢţһ֪һΣȴҪԣƺеһҲɻ
ǣ˵֮ͻȻһۣͻȻһ˵ˡ
ʲô˵ؽ˶µӣ̾ʹߴٵ
Ϊˣ仹ɢ޵мⳤͻȻش𣬶ǷʣǸˣŷҹɣ
ŷҹؽҲһ
ȻûиŷҹϤӡУҪŷҹ˵ո֪֡Ļǲϡ档
Ǹ˳Щ֮⣬˵ʲôûУһֶٵĸ˵ؽʱص˵
Ҳûʲôˡһԥһ£ͻȻŶˣ˵һĪĻ˵õҳͷôȥĻҪμˡ
ͨѾվ׼ҪŶһȥĲؽͻȻһƨˤϣ
ôˣһһΪϵʲôԵĲ֢ˡ
ܼӣؽȻ˦Լһƣ͸˵εϲԻƫƫҲˣ˭Уƫƫȥɱǽһصɵĸ𣿡
ǸǸŷҹŷҹӦǸ۷𣿡һȵؿŸףӡŷҹҲӦһ꺺ӰɣǵʱǸˣ͸ѧͲ࣬һɣ
Ӧ֮󣬲һ˲亹
ǿǸɱ񰡣ڵĹ绹ŷҹܽһ˳ɣר𸻶
˼ңһ˻һȺˣһɡȻǺһ䣬꣬ר𸻶ڹĸɾ͵һ
˵ⶼǸŷҹϰģŷҹϲţĴɣСѾ֪жٶģ־˵ŷҹһȤĸҲ֮ӣ֮֮
ͦĵģû뵽ôԼ͵˼ҵǹˡ
ţ⣡ô죿һԥƬ̻ʵ
ô죿ؽû˵֮̾һȥݷһ°ɣǸܼӰ
Ƕܼʲô˼òŷҹܼûʲôϵɡ
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪˵ԼĶӰܼҡò׻һǧŷҹμᣬû뵽ŵһͱԼӸˡ
ҲŷҹڵĴ㣬ҲøһʲôӲģֻҪϣŽһŵƷÿƷôһۣǾͺˣһž͵ԼѪֻջһɱɡ
˵Ҫ׬׬ˣܱѾһ˲˵ˡ
һȥŷҹͲ֪᲻ҪһǮˣҪĻ϶֮ǰҪ࣬۰ȻǴɣ׬Ǯ
ҲȥҪŷҹﲻԼĶӣԼٲȥúøͨһ£һҪ˽һô죿ʱǰԼĶӽȥƽǸһȫ֮ŷҹƴһ
ΨһԿ϶ǣɲĽѾˣǽһҪǲĻҲǸɣ
ûйƵľʵҲû֥ľţԵʱǻ᲻Ἧ巴ѣӻޣǻ治˵
ŷҹסǹ䣬ʵͨĿͷҲǺԶֻʩͷСһ
ɿ˲ؽķŷҹԶϾǹŷҹʱڷֻܵŷҹҪһͨˣŷҹҲˣҪýһţɵ㶵վſڵŷҹǿɾ̫һЩ
ڶҲ֪һŻᱻ˳Цʲôӣպﵽɶ壬ҲһһЩЦ
ɲؽֲ˵ֱӵȵϻ˵˭֪ŷҹСôģһһ飬ʱһʱ벻ֱͨӾȥҵһŵķô죿
˵СҪ뿪˹ᣬҲˣֱϽһɽȥô죿
ǲ¶ɶˣ˵һ
˼ȥֻˣһ߶ɢڽ׳ĸܵضŷҹľٶŶԷڲɽһ߶˼װ·һʱھƵ·֤ŷҹʱ֪Ϣ
ȥŷҹҲõ˶ǾǲҪӣһܱԷԼڼӣֻԼĿܿĵطţǾԲβ棬ƾŷҹĸ֣׾жϳ˭ڸ
ҪǷֱһŵ˼ˣŽк¶ҲǸ˲С
һϵеİŶˣؽؿʼϢ
ûôӣĹ򣬾Ѿϵõ׳ϢȽķ򣬶ԷȻڳžƵⷽˡ


348 ⻹Ǳ
ؽСһĶԷһʧˣǿɾɵˣҪɫϣԺİӶûˣʱʱصһԼ˯֮ͷǲڲϡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ؽҲڵõ˾ƵԱĻرŷҹѾ˷䣬żҴҵظϹ
ֻһ֮󣬼붼ûͣ٣žѾˡ
ؽôŷҹƺɻʵ
ЩŷġؽЩ˼˵
Ȼʵ⻰Ǵ˵ģʡñЩͨɵĵˣϲÿ
ŷҹڶû˼Ҳ˵ҽ˵ɣһŷҹʲôϰߣϲ˽ķأһֱˣ
ʵѾߵˣΪֻҪŷҹһմ߶Ҫǵ龹Ȼ֮࣬⻹Ǳ
ʲôġŷҹûһ˵һ䣬ȻŲؽ˿ؽʲôһ˵ոһ·ҷ־Ȼв˸ټңߣҵҪ˭ôӣȥ˵
ؽһûһƨ˵ϣҲ̫ù˰ɣ˲ˣƺӶϴˡ
ŷᣬᰡؽĶ˼ҶѾˣȻ֪ôֵģҲ֪˭¶ţֻҪһʱ̣ŷҹ̾Ūǽһŵˣʱɾıˡ
ôŷҹɻؿ
ʵ˿һŷûУûмӵ˼û뵽ŷͨҲܷ֣ؽͶˡؽ˵⻰Ƿĵġ
δȻ㲻ǾصĵӣҲԼǱʣܸɵĵӣǾԲԼȥŷҹģֻܱ֣˵ŷҹ̫ĳ̶Ѿ֮⡣
Ϊ˼άŷҹˣûзŷҹʱֵ쳣ȻѾ˸٣ȴΪʲôҪȻһ·䣬Ȳؽ˵ҪȥǸˣ
ŷҹԸ񣬲һֱ֣ӰѶԷǱ
ڲؽŷҹһ仰˵ûˣĶʱȥ˼Щ֪ⲻԣҲҵˡ
ԭ˰˵ֱͺˣҸңɲеڶˣȻĻŷҹɫѺã⻰һûѺõա
Բᡣؽ֪ŷҹ⻰ֻ˵Ǿ಻ˣؼһﲻ˵ͬʵóʱ򣬲ؽҲװʲô߶ˣֱͳһп˹ȥŷһǧֻΪ˸ղŵǸҿǲܡ
־һǧؽҲñǮˣǮĴŵףҲôۡ
˵ɲǮʱŷҹ˵ˣոոһ˵ֱȥμӽһƷǾͰѽһŸˡ
СǮСǮǵĴǮɾˡ
ǺǣؽŻǿҶԼ˵һˣЩǼˡŷҹһ߶ذѲؽý˷һ߶п
ؽҲֹһȴһʯͷŷҹƤûʲôҪǲյĻǲ˺µ¶
Ǹ˵ĵ֮ïûзӦǰͺʵ
˵ǣؽʵһ㶣СŮʱѾŷҹķ治С
ŷҹߵˣ¶һ̥ͽۣȺְ
гϣҪһƽǸ˰Ͳ󣬿С˵Ҫ߲ɽ̫йˡһ߰СŮ˵ֻô˾ޱȱŤ
Ǵ˿̲ؽȴȥоֱŤֻǸеһ⣬Щӿûи˵±˲ؽĶǼֱ͸һ
ڵĹ磬˭ҲҸŷҹ˵ֻɣ߲ɽҪëˣһ˭߳ɽˣ
⻰֮󣬲ؽǸлѲһСӿôи˵Ҫǰɵӣ֮ӣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ȮӣСҾڹ̣ܽû뵽ײŷҹҲżæר̸ŷǡؽæŷҹһ
Ҫ˿ˣؽһţһôģǻǲÿ
Ǻûˣֻô˵ĻҲ˵Եͷ͵ͷˣҲټƽʲôˣ˭öӵĻ̫أ
ʵ⻰Ͳȥ֤Ҳ뵽ʱ£ؽһ˵һ֣⺢Ӿ˵һСѾŹˣ˲ɵ˸Ҹа壬Ķʲô
ɵĵӣֻҪʲôݵˣҲõȥ
ǺǣԼˣʲôŷҹЦҲûиƽʲô˵Ͻò
ǺǣؽҲǸЦһ㶼˵Լˣʲô˼԰ɣպŸӳЩ
ôţǸ𣿡ŷҹû˵ǺȴӵתţҪڲؽϹһ
̰Ŀؽܶ࣬Ǳһ߰СŮô̰ؿһΡ
ؽ˵ҲѾһǧô
˵ˣؽŸողǻһǧĿôûŷҹź
ô㣬㲻˵˼ǣʲôŲǸģһһ롣ؿŲؽոǸΪӣ̸ĲҪɱǵ飬˵𣿡
ǡؽҲ˵ǣΪʵҲȷô¶
ǲؽоϣȻոΪ˼ӵ¶ҲΪ˵Ǹӵģ¶Ѿŷҹ˵ˣԷӦҲ׵
Ǳ˾ס֮ǲ˼˵ոһǧҲŸǮ
ҪһȫˣŷҹҲδؾͻ˰
ʲôǣСؽҲְʲôﲻģƢãû¶ҶԼ͵ˣûйϵŷҹ˵ſ
ЦؽҲûиоԷ˵Ǽٵģ⻰Ϊʲô͸оԷһأ
෴ģŷҹ˵͵ˡʱеԼĴŷҹڰʾʲô
ô˵Ҷģ
ȻС˵˵úеרŷģȻ׼ˣؽԥŸҪô졣
֮ǰΪ˲μһǧ򣬺ΪԼĵӼӸһǧ򡣡ʲôΪ˶Ҫɱǣøٰ
ؽЦĶʣڰʾҪǮǮû¶ˡ
ڲؽеɣСŮʲô·Ҳ̫һˣǶԷʮֹҪǲһˡ
ôô໰ȥŷҹæȥѵź֪̰ǸһҪǶԾĻҲǿʤѣȥΪô죿


349 ȥ
ؽӺôҲǾ찡ǾسҲ߰СŮʤӣ
ţǾŷҹֲ˵ѣǿģΪҲ͸СŮΪǰһŷҹߵˣǶǹ̥˵ŷҹԼСŮ̶ֳȣ˻ʲô˵ġ
úúãȥɵػӦţǽǸ˵϶ûҺãҪǳעȥ͵ϮĻҴģǴ򲻹ҲҲ׷ң㶼׷ң
ȥŷҹ
ؽŷҹڣС̶ȣŷҹ϶׷СѾͷ֤СѾͷٶȾԲһĿ죬ԲĻǱ˵ԼĶӣԼˣҲһ˵һץסСŮ
ʵһ棬ٶȣһ츳ЩʵУٶҲԿúܣĹ˭ãҲеġ
ǰСŮʵ츳Ҳǿٶǵ֣̥֮еս
ؽӼɵĻŷҹΪһﾹȻܰôһ̥СŮҲǲ˼顣
пһ֮󣬲ؽһ˿ԥҲûˣٴδͳһſſǧ򣬾͵ǸСˣ֪һŵܲŷЩǮŷʲôͿȥЩʲôôĽһЩ
ֿˣزأҲǸСѾͷ˵ֹϵ÷ҪǮɡŷҹЦ˵
ӦõӦõġؽҲ֪ŷҹֻһ£ԻǾֱѿ˹ȥ
Ҿˣʡ㲻ġŷҹһ¶ûУѾѿ˳ƽ˹
ؽĿû˵꣬Ѿ˼ҵˣҲûк˼˵ȥֻεЦš
İɣǽһŵĽһǰһμˣȥҵĹ˵һû¶Ļȥ϶ڽ׳תתתɣȥ۸Щɢޡŷҹ˵ҲǸɢޣɢһԿ˱۸ǿ϶ǲʵģʱҪٹܸʲôģؽָҪƷˡ
ؽ棬˵ⶼʲô¶ǰȥ׳۸ˣִ˶Ҳѡ
ڿɺãȥһ¶ɱ֮㲻ɱ֮ҲƲ֡
ôôһǰؼǣڻ˵ɢһңԺǲУǸƽɢޣܰ
찡ɰһ˰ɣ
Ҫ˵ɣӢѾٳ֣԰ϣŵŷҹ֮⣬ɺˣŷҹûʲôøУǸǺŷҹǵȥһһɵĽ֡
Ҫ˵ЩŷҹģӦþҪһŵĲؽˡǽһڵʵѾ˵һɵĽ֮Уұǽһų˲֮⣬涼ռơ
ҵһĸоʵڲһˬƫƫָоһûУΪһŷҹڣѹĸָˡ
ǰСɶɵɫڣɶҪŷҹɫ
ȻŷҹȥɵУǾͿҲܿһЩˣһģֱ۸û˸ٳˣ㲻ɫ
òؽǳʹŷҹԭ򣬵Ҳǻԭ򣬲ؽٲ⣬ҲҪţΪȷǵﲻ
˵ɵˣСŷҹߵ֣뷨ڲؽûгֹ
ôģҾ֪ò̫ҲһЩϢ˳ǲǹƵĶΪϷŷҹߵ˱ɱžǹ󻤷ȥץˣײŷҹŷҹŴŭ֮£һ
˭ҪȥŷҹѣǾʺˡ
͸ո˵ѾСĵ˼㣬ȴǱ˸¼סŷҹĶǼٵģǿɲȥԼѣ᲻֡
һǺֻµʱǺڶˣԻھͺúùء
ؽСˣ󹦷Ҳ
ЩȥɡŷҹſӸ壬ҲȱǮ
ǣ忴ſһ¡
Ȼ֪жǮȻŷҹӸģôҲٲˣŷҹҲֵӰ
ؽĵǸѣҲ࣬һǧ򣬵ȸ֥ȥӢɽȻռ˼ҵĵطǲӶ˼ҵİɣʱЩɽŰɡŷҹ˵ȻһҪ󣬵ʲô٣ЩǮͿðɣʵڲУ֥㰲һҲС
æӦһЩǲ̫óҲʱҪѧȥˣȻŲܿŷҹһ̫ϳţҲ̫ˡ
ſ廹ǺЩ飬Ƿŷҹȷ˵ǧĵǸѣκһ˵ĻǸͲܵġ
֮ӣԸǧ¶㲻ǺߣҲǰ޹ˡ
ǾȻȥˣҲϢԥһ£ɽŽ֮󣬳Ҳȥһ°ɣ˵β͸һȥϽ˳㿴ʥŮ
ʱ˵ɣҪҪҵȪҶ䣬ȻȥϽҲֻѩġŷҹ˵Ҳߣ㲻ΪΪ˸Ǯɣ
Ǹ廹ǵôһ¶ˡ
ѸոгǰѷϽóŷҹ˵
ĽָأæӽָѶóݵŷҹ
ȻҲ̫ȷǴ⽣ϵϢӦþŵĶҺܲһ㣬ֻж಻һ㣬Ҫһָԭģ֪֮ŷҹ˵
ŶҲȤˡ
Ҫ˵ѽ⣬ûпǼȻŷҹ˵ⶫһ㣬Ǿ;Եòһ㣬˵ģŷҹļѽ֪ˣİѽһġ
ܵõŷҹʦϿɣѾ㹻˵ѽĲ֮ˡ
Űɣԭһӡŷҹǰѽ˵
ڣ㶵
ȻڣȻʲôŷҹЦѾʼˡ
ָһմɰëѾϣˢˢˢӣѾڷϽϷﻮʡ
ȥֻǻģǵϸȥʱȴ־ôһϾȻͳ˷ĵӡ
ʵҲŷҹ֮飬ѾĻֶڿл
ķ
ŷҹһȳǰѿȥƲѾԭӵƽʱһ⻷ƣм׷ɣƬ֮һѹӶɱ֮Ĳнչ˼˵ǰ
ý
ŷҹѽӣҲΪִıһá
ϵû޸Ҳ˵⻹һѲõĽǱȴѾһӸոֿȥһӣκ˿һ۶ᱻ⽣ĴĹŽ


350 񽣣
񣬿ȾڵĺأȻһƣǾҲܸ֮ܵѽȫʢ֮ʱһǰǳ
ǣ񽣣ӽָ֮󣬾Ѿ˼ͻȻ֮䣬һţʲô
񽣣һе񽣼
ŷҹһ׽һܷ
ѽǵڴ֮ʱµģǲˣҲǱѰ
һֻǿһЩ伮ᵽӣҲֻͨ伮ļͼ
ѽǰһϲģǱķϴ֮󣬽ϵϢֱȴǰ֪Ũ˶٣ټϽ״ģ伮еһ޶ôϲ
Ǵ˵֮еļ񽣣ŷҹҲûм
ʵϣļҲûѽӣǧǰѾֻʣ˽Ѿ˵ڴ񽣣Ͳ֪һʧˡ
Դˡ弤ò֪˵ʲôźãڵ伮οѽӣ벻ܼʵʱ򡣡
ȻֻһѲƵĽȻѾûκοõļֵǹܿ洫ĹŽѾ㹻弤ˡ
˲ɣһټţû䵽˺Ĺﶼ׹ţֵҪһٷʱˣƺڤڤ֮еⰡ
̫ϳϣܵһݣ弤֮һ¹ݵĶ
٣ŷҹȻİݣͶ㵽һ߶ͬʱһ֮һľĳѨλϣԷ̾Ҳݲȥ˵˵û¶ݸʲô
̫ϳϵţؽŵĻᣬŰʦһأعţִ£Ϊ弤˵˵һͨԱ߶ۣСӣ£ʲô
ԼǰݲȥˣԱ߶ҲվǶ㶵ģһ
һæ¹ϵĻܲ
ɹɡŷҹһүϾˣһʲôʱ˵Ҫѽعˣ
屾ɫһӾˡ
ǣʲô˼̫ϳϿѽˣֻһѲн
˵ѲƵļȻǷǶŷҹ˵κ˵ѽƺûʲôõģ˵һá
Ҳ֪ŷҹ˵⻰϶ԭֻʱתֻ㶵ؿŷҹ
ҲˣҲǣҲǡ
ɣϵѾ˵ˣǹɣŷҹոն˵ˣ˼ѽ˭ɻһءʱҪǹȥǲеǿŷҹѽó˼
Ǻǣ˰ú˵˵ɡŷҹŸһȵı飬һ֡
˼ǴʱҲòŷҹ˵
ʵҲף⽣ŷҹģôǴһ˵žԵ֧ȨǲţԼҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻһֱϰŷҹţ˵ǰĸоŷҹͻȻðôһ仰ͻȻʶŷҹҲŵˣԼŷҹʼնǿ
ҪǿҪģֻԼ֮κˡ
أŵ񽣾ǰȴûа취õϣεЩҪץˡ
˵˵ɣѽǶôģŷҹʵ
⽣ǳģǳϣҲУҲڱ˵ϣԳôѽӦġһųص˵ղЩ嶯ˣԲһʱ泤˾ϲҪ֣Ͼŵ潣
ŷҹӣֲһЦⶫҲûãҲԣġ
˵Ͼ˵ֻҪģϵɽ»𺣶û⣡һϣ̾͸һѪһ
һƽѣõô𣿡ŷҹӵҲȥʲôɽҰȥľˡ
Ǻǣ庩Цˣףԭ⽣ǸԼģֻʱ˸Цѡ
Ҳǿʵ̫ˣԲŻô˵ɡ
ǲˣƽûȥҲֻܹλҰ˰ﵽףһ£Ҳŷҹѽеǰ۲һ£˵ʱļ𽣷ܸ֮һ׬ˡ
ãʱˣֱ붼û
ϻҪǲõĻΪҪʲôõģʱֲ֪ʲôѵŵİŷҹʵѽҲΪ֮󣬸ʹõġ
ôһԼȫñûУʵЩȥˣôҲؽŵﰡô˵һܲġ
ҪǵţȲ˵ĽûУ˵ŵĴ˶ҪˣοΪѩҲʵ̫ˣȻ۸
ǣǣ̫ˣζ벻һμ˵ˡ
żһѾˣѲƵ񽣣Ȼ޸͸ӱԾˡ
Ҫ֪񽣶ģ˶ܽϣǶΣؼ⽣ûа취ȥ߾»ԭĽһĻһѷϽ
ƾŷҹ˽⣬϶ſڿӵģȻ˵ܽϣǾͿ϶ܽϡ
һóѪϾǸĽŷҹЦ˵
û⣬ֻҪģһж̫ϳϵķԸһͬ
ŷҹ˵ĳѪ϶ǮŷҹۣǿǮҪոҲͲǧˡ
Ǯ֮⣬ҲӦõģɶΪһڵ񽣣ŵĴ˳Ҳˣŷҹ˵ҲȫԼ⡣
ŷҹҲ£ֱȥţûķԸκ˶׼
ȻŷҹķǹҾɵҲΪԷһűȽϺãϾŷҹһ޸н֮ҲԼĵ񽣡
˵ڵˮƽֽǰѼе⣬ȥȻˣػڽ֮תԿΪһȻۣǽδϣֻҪСһȥ˹ۣǽҲǿָҲǲܡ
ƶŷҹһ䣬˲Ŵ˼ʮڷУһһõ߶ŷҹ˳һզࡣ
̫ϳʲôռ䷨ʢٶ
һĿռָһƣȻƽİҶˣҲʲôš
ŷҹõĶһѣٿƽеĶó治֪ŷҹķûмˡ


351 ƺ
֪ģŷҹĻƶںС磬Ȼ󣬵ĿռǱЩռָʮٱֹ
𣡡ŷҹѼ񽣷ŵ˻ƶһʱȼһ𣬱һĻ治֪˶١
ŷҹؿţȻںĻƵ궼ܵӰ졣
һʱŷҹܵסͣǸо¶ȿٵţȻùߵܲˣҲʲôܵζ
Ҷ֣Ҳûȥ룬ΪǾƵΪ䣬ǰůء
ֻůЧδҲ̫һˣǶо¶̫ˣҪͨˣǻΪǵӰ
ۿź仯һֻƺͣŻ棬֮ǰŷҹһ£Ҳȵض࿴˼ۡ
֮ǰ˵ĺԣЩ˵Ҳôˣ֮ŷҹ߻ҲʲôҪСֵ顣
ѪۿŻƶĽյͨ죬ţȼظķɣŷʱʲôζŷҹͻȻһѡ
ʲôûʲô˼Լæʵ
ҲָոմģûҪһЩʲôҪΪ񽣣Ҫһͷײˡ
֣ŷҹûףֻһ
Ȼײˣæȥ
ֻŷҹһźһֱһĿӣѪҺ
˷ѣŷҹ廹ֻٴ
Ŷ
æǰŵѪҺε˽ϡ
ͬʱҲţԭŷҹ˵ĳѪǡѪΪʲôˡ
ѪٶЩѪҺٱƳһЩŷҹһۼ񽣣ٴζ˵
һҲɣæѪҺƵĵ˿ڴʱѪҺӿ־ظ֣ɫҲе԰ˡ
ãհɣŷҹǰһַԸһ䡣
ŶֹסѪҺһ
Ҫ˵ʲôһ죬ŷҹһŵҩ׵ȥ
ڻƶԱȫתʲôӦҪסŷҹʲôѾȷָʾ
Ҳ˵ʲôֱڻƶʼתŵķ
һ£ˣо¶ѸˣڻƶԱߣһʲôˬоˡ
ŷҹѾ˵ˣôҪȥҲûʲô˵ģֻҧš
ŷҹʱҲûţʼȫתʶæµ
óĹߣûһòģЩûմ󴸵ĶѽѾǳƷҪֻ޸ѣȫû͹ߡ
񽣴ʱһƬѪ죬ЩѪҺ˳ѷ죬˽һ
ŷҹͼŰѽѷ£ϣȻҪˡ
Ȼǵõ˽ŵĴУԼԶûʲôҪΪȥͨĽԼϣһֱûô֡
Ψյʱ򣬸һŮӵ彣Ҫںÿ˹Ҫ˵ǰѽжãҲֻǱЩûнϢҪǿһЩǽܴﵽ׼Ҫ˵ģԶԶܰյĶ
ŵ񽣣ԼŲĽģټŴеӵѪҺעҪѽĽҲرѣֻ޸һԭѷ죬Ȼǲʲôġ
һСʱ֮Ѿȫʪ͸ƤһƬͨͨģƤлһ
ŷҹרעؿż񽣣һ޸ѷ죬ֱһ˿ѺҲ޸ʱǳһ
޸񽣣ȻԼһͨôףϾÿһ˿Ĳ𶼻Ӱ쵽ıʣá
ؼ޸ҪһǳɣڿʼʱҲû뵽ģΪⶼϵǲһٳɹǾ͵ÿù
ôڼεĻԸ⣬Ҳᱻڷˡ
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ɵһ˲䣬ƶҵĻ˲䶼յ˽УȻԾ̬Ʊ֮лĽֱžƵݶȥ
ݶûʲôĵطֱӾͱ޴лճһ
ޱߵҹ֮У¹ˮܵȴһƬƬƺҪ۹˿˿׵֮
ŷҹһ¶СؼҲûдľ顣
϶ŴȻף⾰Ҳúܶ໹Χۡ
ǺѽҲûôԭֻԶһȻѸٵɢˡ
ŷҹҲһƲѽʸѽϵĽϢŨңԶԶȲϴǰѽʱԲŻֻһɢˡ
ԼΪҲйϵǸ߲ߣһξܰѽ˸ߵƷȥڣֻǰѽľǿԺ飬ǶҪȥ
ȻѾָˣֻҪٴα˸ննϣ֮󣬿϶ԽԽָǰҲֻ顣
л̫ϳϣ˿̳վ
Ϊ޸ϣҸոڽɵһ̣ԼȻҲ˴Ļһٵ˾غڵĳ̶ȡ
ԼˣڵҪú룬˾Ƶˣô˵ŷҹ̧ͷ˱ջķҲЩΡ
ڶ¥Ҫ¥Ļ֪¥סλ˯žͻȻ¥˸Ǹʲôо
Ҳԥһ£Ҫ˵ʱͻưݶˣҲûš
ǺðɡŷҹҲˣ˵Ҳʵֻʱݶ
ܲȥ˵ɣȻȷǻ𣬲Ǹܡ
ŷҹǹ̥˵ʱƵ궼ˣҲû˻ỳɵġûô⣬Ц
ȻߵĶŷҹ߶Ķһ̾ע⵽Ҳ濴ŷҹλãڻð̣ƺûӡ
ĴɴŽţ׷׳Ҹ˵˼ʮָӡ
˵еǣеŷҹʱܵʲôˣǳʲôشʧ󣬵Ϊ˵˰֮£Сӻôܡ
ʱͳǼɱݵˣ˵õһŷҹˣһ󺦡
ǵһ˶ͬʱŷҹǰʱԶˡ
úܶʧҲЩһǣŷҹȻվڷȥһ˶ûС
˼λոͻƣû뵽˵ŵˣ˼ŷҹǰ˵˵ˡ
ʲôͻƣôͻưûˣ
Ҷ֪ŷҹΪôһܰɶˣΪô˵ҲǾ۷
ѾûˣǾǴ˵֮еˣŷҹֲô˵ŷҹǲ۷Ѿɸˣ


352 µ
뵽ĲһˣǴûһΪԷ͸˵ĸоҲԼͬ뵽ǣһﲻǾ۷嶼ɸˣոͻ֮󣬲֪ǲǾ۷壬ǵĻ˾۷ʱµûа취˰ɣ
УģǴ˵ֻе˳ɵʱŻ׽
кܶɵ㣬Ǵֶ֪ЩŷҹҲ϶ò𰸣ֻǸԵֹܡ
λûʲô¶ĻذɡŷҹЩ˶Ǵ۵СۣҲûҪ˵ҲûҪߵ˼ֻÿһ¡
ӴҲŶӦʱôҲ˵ʲô
ЩŷҹõģȻǶ˸кˣŲõģؽ֮ʱҲֻǴˡ
ǴųȽһЩʵҲŷҹܳʲô¶ŷҹû£ͷת̾Ÿŷҹһ䣬һֱŷҹһ壬Ҳ˻Ĵ
ǿˣĲ˵ֻҪŷҹ£žͿ϶ᵹ
λϸ㱨ʱûô⣬ڿȻŷҹճһģ治֪ССţô͸ŷҹߵô
ǿ϶Ҳԭˣܸ룬׽ҲǾ߽ܵһɡ
ҲǺԼĴŷҹģմŷҹĹ⡣һõ˳˼֮󣬾Ѿŷҹһ¡
ŷҹû⣬Ҫͽᣬȥͽɣֻܽܳʱ򣬶һЩ˰ͽᣬҲǺ¡
ͽҲǼѣڹʱѾǰˡ
׷ŴӦ˵һѾ˵ø͹ӢǱ߶ҲǸһɽһ׷ŵıֱ˵ӢɽͿˡ
ʱ׷Ҳŷ֣ԭƴȥͽŷҹģ׷ţӢžȻǻҪӵطɽŶóһ
ҲɣȻ֪Ӣ־ٶҲûбֳ̫ľȣ෴Ǯ飬ݺĽһ֥
˶ѾߵòˣŷҹҲֻΪҪûлȪҶֵĿܣĽҲʧ
ʱ̣һϢȪҶУЩ⣬Ǹ㲻ŷҹҲѶȡ
ҩʦţҩţʵȻŲ֪Ҫǿ˶ٱϢҩʦŵĵӴģӦǲ
Ϣ֮Ҳ΢΢ʧһ£Ǳɣ¶ԷɣǶпܴӶԷаȪҶҪ͸ŷҹ顣
ƫƫɾȻɵҩʦţǾһҲûˣΪҩʦҲҩΪģȪҶĵرǾԲõġ
ҲֻǰϢŷҹܲܵõǾͲ֪ˣϢҲһС飬ǻ˼ɫһְɡ
ŷҹô룬ŲҩʦŻлȪҶֻҪϢǾֻһĿ꣬ѻȪҶõ֣ô򵥡
ڵõϢ֮ŷҹ̾׼ȥҩʦţֻϧ֪ɵɽʳҲ̫
ЩɵĵӳӰȥ٣Ҳû˭ɵ˵ɵҲһա
⵹Ҳ֣ɶԼصôأοء
ֻôһŷҹҪ̾ȥҩʦŵĴͲòʱͣˡ
뿪ɽŷҹЩã֪ҪȥѰϢˡʵҲ֪֪ɵϢ˴ž͸Ӳ֪ˡɻȪҶҪãַҲҪõ
Ψһİ취һɵĵӣֱѯʣپǵǸʲôʹߣܸԼҵ鷳ʱܴһЩϢ
ɱ˹˰˵Ҳܲܣ֮ǰһֱܽһµӷµĹٸ
ڣϣԷһֱɱʲô⣬ֻҪɵĵַŪС
֮ôҲģڵҲãҲãǽһȻʥŮҩĶŵģҪõĻҲ˵ʲô
ҩʦҩĴɣ϶ǧҩӼ裬ҩҲֻǵܸطӳӦе˵ֻҪóһҩҪǻȪҶҲǲܡ
ϾǧҩҲ˵оеģⶫǵĻȪҶƺǸʵá
ôţŷҹʼƻŻԨһˣΪŵҪҲԵĵطԨˣϾļҡ
ɽĹ·һ⣬ͳŻȥҪ뾡صԨȻҪȥɻˡ
ڻɣ˷ɽҪʱУҲǼܵ飬Ƕ̾룬Գһ£Ͼȥάôʱ䡣
ȻֻǺܶʱķУڹҲǲеڶ˿԰쵽ģĳ̶ֳ˵õöɽ֮Ѿǰĸˡ
ŷҹǶ֣ǶԸ˹۷壬ڵֻӵӦ֣Էһ˶ˡ
˾ʦߵķ򲻶԰ɣŷҹȻոһֱ˼⣬Ҳһֱھ״̬ʱ̾ͷ˶ԷȥķƺԽԽƫƧˣȥ·
Ǳ·ֻܴ߶ƵˣģǮġ˾ػشŷҹ
ŶǺǣǺðɣŷҹʶһɨ֪̾ҲͨˣҲһ죬ϵϢǿᣬҪʤһ
ֻϢƺصúܺãŷҹոϸ̽һ£ʶȥˡ
ȻѾˣȻҲ¶ԷʲôĹ磬ûʲôµ
һͲ⣬ŷҹҲҪҪȥʲôĻ˭ʹһС
ȻߵһƫƧû̵ĵط֮󣬳ӸȻһͣ
˼Ӻǳһϣȥһ£ģεĳҾͲˡ˾Ǻרҵŷҹ˵
Ҳһһ𿴿ŷҹ˵ҲҪӺ³
˲ˣë֪ʲô⣬æˡ˾æǸЦ
ǺãһһҪʱ䣡ŷҹߴţԼֱ۾Ҫû˯һ
˾۵һ˿ɱ⣬ֻһʧˣȻ³ȥʲô
һϵʱҲǼѸٵԶѾԾԶ˾һеԿףȻһ죬޴ıըŻγƷ
ҲˣǸ߿ˣ˾м˵
ĳӿɲСëԶһĪ
˾ʲôݣרҵɱֵģһĹ۷壬Уڸָİɱɱ˿ɲԼΪ˵˵ҪΣա


353 ΪʲôԸң
Ǿôһְҵɱ֣Ȼŷҹʲôʱվ󶼲֪裬֪Լ̫ˣΪɾͰɵڿǴúס
ȹ龪ȣķӦҲǾѸٵģһŷҹûбըȲܶԷģһ֪Ѻİŷҹ
˵ľ̫̣һ³ҲͻȻзˣҲһӶùȥ
ŷҹȻİ취ڽһڣĽʱѰ󣬻žھԷնȥ
˵ʲôˣΪʲôԸңŷҹ֪ڶ˿²һǸҶֵˣȴ֮١
һԲȻŷҹƵʮ־ȣȴ˿ûзЭ˼
ֻ˵ʵܴôŬûа취ŷҹľŷҹҪ֪һЩĶڶѾɱˡ
˾ҲƣҲܶãԼȱʱԼСȥԷֱӰԼŸ󳨿ֻҪԷԸ⣬ʱܰأͬʱܰܵĿյȴʵʵ
һŷҹƺҲʱûʲô취ֻһ˿ֹԷһ
һƴӣһȴɱֻǷţȻɱһռ˴ˣ󹦷ŷҹ¶һԷڵĶ̽ĺơ
ԷҲûָһҪһûɱŷҹæǳûʩչһӶߡ
ŷҹոҪ׷ȥֻԷһ֣ʱһըһŵĺ
˭Ҳ֪ʲô᲻о綾ʲôģŷҹҲ׶ԣֻؿŶԷԼƤߣһת۾Ѿʧɭ
壬ĿҲĶ֣Ƕ´ˡһСݵķɱһİ˽̸š
Ӧͬһ֯ˣΪǵĸ첲ϣһͷͼ
ûйϵСߣֻһִѣҲ˵ǸŷҹɱֵģɲЩɵһֻȥ˵ЦţֻҪǲʧȥ٣ɱеǻᣬħɱ˿ɲô׾Ͱѵģ׹ֵܾǣҲֻ·һ
ɱ֣ΪʲôģΪֻҪɱˣûһӵõԴȻʸҲǸСҪһЩʱ٩٩̸ڸԷרҵ֪ʶǿӵùŴΣֻҪһαץᣬֻķݶǣԶǿĽǵͷ֮κ˶֪Ǵߣħɱĵط
Ǿ壬̫ļˣֻҲ֪ôѾõӳģӦñըˡСЩƵ˵
ҿӦҲͻˣǵһִЩţǸŷҹȻܰѻĵĵһɶˣ϶ҲһɵϣֻҪ¶һȻͻỳ㡣
ǵпܣҵʱҪ³ʱ˵ԼһЩ޳ĶҪҰæ˵ëʱֹ˯ˣʱҾֱӶɱҲûжʱ̽ҡСüͷš
ƾˣѾ˾۷ˣɱĸӦǺеģɱֻҪһͷԷͻԾ㲻֣ҲѾ¶ˡҲͷƵʱѾ㲻עʱ򣬾ٶȸһ뿪˳Żʧܡ
ô죿СƵҪһź죬ھǰҫһѣû뵽ȴһ
ûϵֻһʧܵĴɱѣУֻҪԼԶлᣬǲһֻҪʧһΣʲôûˡ嵹ǸһͰߣź󱲵ļָܳɹӳѾܲˣߣȥҼŮ˺úÿһ£ɷɣеģŮõĵڹߡ
ǸŷҹСеĵӡ
ʧȥ٣ôߵĶһϢҲȻû˵ʲôʱеʱ䣬ѾݾߣԶʱȥζʱ䣬úõؿһ£ٺٵЦţһ۾Ϳʲôˡ
Ǿо飬һúѧϰС߹˵
ǺǣǾͺúý̽㣬ɱ֣ɱˣҪѧῪġЦţһСͽܸܺ˵ӣߣͿ˼ˮ۵Ůˣʹһȥʣ㿴һǹҲСӱᣬҲһҵĶ֣ŵĻһȱȿ
ǺǣСᣬŮ˷ȻҲȤʱľôʢ룬Ҳɰŷҹʱˡ
嶼˵ûˣȻ⣬ǣһ˼ŮˣҪҪһ¾壬Ϻÿһ
ôţ˷ţɸոջЦݵǶʱͽ
ŷҹС߸ǾȵؿŶԷ
˺ΪѾˣû뵽ԷûʧǸ
λû˵ʲôħɱˣֻҪң˭ɱң뿪黹ǿġŷҹЦ
ԥı飬ƺǿԿǵӣͬʱȴεظСߴ˸ɫ
˲Լͬس֣ǺĶ̽ذףһѹϣһѹ£ҲĬˡ
С߿ŷҹҲˣһ˶϶ܴƽ֣ڿˣҾΪ֮ϣܱȵģŷҹǴ
ɽ۾ŷҹһɨؽɨһֻ赭дһʱ޿赲ķɣǸľңֱһѪڣǰʱ·Ⱦɺɫ
ŷҹĽһתؽ˾ŲĲϣ㲻ΪǸͷİɣ
СڵûѾˣŷҹ֮ǰɲղ˼ҹߣ뿴ûһģȻһ˵
˵ģͿոһͱɨɵܿ˵ġ
ŷҹħɱ˲ô򵥣ڷңл·ҪҶһëħɱ˾ĺҲһ׷ɱףԣһŵ˵
˵ҲȫǼٻħɱ˵ȷǺǵǵˣʲôݣһ㾡ȫ׷ɱֱԷɱһΪֹ
ħɱ˵ʷϣȻҲкܶɱɹӣǱǴɱ˵ģȡˣûйջŵӡ
û֪жɱ֣Ҳ֪ǶЩֶΣ֮һȻ󣬵֪ǵˣһ̸֮ɫ֯
Ǻǣô˵ڷǣԺͲٶԸ𣿡ŷҹЦʵ
ֻҪǣͲٶԸ㡣ʹ˵
⻰ԾǴȦ׵ģǣҲֻ˲ٶԸŷҹħɱ˻


354 ǵĹ˭
˼ȻʧˣһָܻˣǲٳҲЩɱҪԸŷҹǾͲǵˡ
Ǻǣ㻹ǰҵɵϣֻˡŷҹ˵һӣһ첲ն
ûйâûŷҹǿ֣ǶԷֱȴǱһض
ѪҺһ̣嶼Щš
ħɱ˳ԱɱĲûУȴ˱ŰɱġҾע⵽ŷҹ˵һ仰ҪԿԼ֮ǰ˵ģǶһëħɱҲĺǽ׷ɱ仰ġ
˲ҸͲܱħɱŵֺô˵ȥǲɱģؼһ³
˵ɣǵĹ˭ŷҹʵ
ΪͿʳϢ𣿱ˣɱңǶ㵽κεطӲħɱ˵׷٣ħɱ˵䣬˵Щһջôһ䣬ɲ˵ԡˣôһԣСɾûˡ
仰ͬҲûвʲôˮֵģǵȷһЩ֪ı£ֻҪɱħɱ˵ˣǸɱ߾ͺǱ˸һҲӲ۾ѾǱ֤ˡ
Ѿħɱ˵ϳԱˣ֪ǰ˲öԸǻЩ취Լõһ߻Ļᡣ
𣿡ŷҹĿ˱ķɵһ߶ڶûСϡ
ǣ۾Եͨκ˶⣡СҲǳݵ˵
Ǻǣ˵ҲˣΪɱǣһôҲûУҲûдԺͷӣûͨҲܺܿҵĶŷҹЦˣ˵ҲʵΪһɱ֯㵽ĺȥȻȥ
ŷҹŷҹҪȫȥ˷ʱȥ˵ЩбҪԼ
⻰һ˵ɫҲˣ֪Լûˣû˵һ仰ϵĽѾĨصȥ
Ǿھ嵹µͬʱһź˲ѾʬʱٿȥʱͷǾʬ徹ȻںвϵرʴţǺʲôһ

ŷҹһ׳ײźϣʱһĲҽдҲյʧһѺڻ
ֵˣ˵Ǹһ³˵˵һ԰ŷҹתͷСߡ
壡ô£ʲôС߱ϾҲǾĸ֣ȻܳһźʴţҪŷҹְѺǺʬԵˣȻ֪Բ
ħɱˣûв´ĻӦǹϵħ˰ɣŷҹҲֻǲ²ţΪĴмôһЩƬΣħŵҲЩΪһЩǳֶΣ˵ԼʵȻˣ͸֪ԼҲ϶ôĹƳڣǻʵʱһУ嶼һӣЩ󶼻ɱ˵Ϊ
ħҲеһɣǱŵа˵ӼһЩ඼ϲɱ¾ɵķҲܶࡣ
ոַЩħŸŵһֶΣħŵĿһЩƳ棬Ȼûв£ŵ˶ԷڣЩֵʵƳԼڶԷڲϵسɳš
мԷЩһЩҩΪԼڹƳĸܣҩģٸоԼΪ֮󣬾͸Ӳʲôġ
ЩƳ棬ǸոǿĺΪЩ̫СˣͻȻɱ֮ʧȥѹƣҲԼͬطɳѸʳ塣
Ȼʩ˵ʶӡӰ£ЩƳʳ֮󣬶ٻع鵽ʩЩյ뵽˵ڣӶΪϵӡ
ַŷҹҲ˵׹ŻħţܸоߵӰӶУΪһʵ
˵ҲɱҲЩƳСۿƳ棬Ҳǳ˵ӣԲŷҹ˵Ż˵Ļ
ǵȻȻΪҪʲô𣿡ŷҹֻ˵һ䡣
⻰ȻڳˣɵӶóǱаʬ˱
㣡ܾңСѾҡˡ
ǰȻûм˼ҾһɣԼŬ񣬾һԿӣܵõָ㡣
ڲ֪ħɱ˵һʵһֱ͵͵ˣҲƣɱˣתʵ˲
òҲֻˣȻ㻹бѡ𣿡ŷҹʼ˵
СɫһãҲòϣڳŷҹﻹһŵϣƺûб·ˡ
Բ˵ŷҹԲŹôҲһ˵壬˱϶ѣܽ
˵嶼ûߵĻᣬʵȲ϶ԷôӵóŷҹģӶԷһ·Լȴһûв֪˾Բܰѵ˵ġ
˭ǹҲ֪ħɱ˵Ĺؾ֮ǰѹϢ͸¶ǡС˴˵滰ҲҵһЩⷽ˴һ£֪ûƭ㡣
ţ˵ֻҪ񣬾ͿԼŷҹûлɶԷ˵ֻǽʵ
ǣ֮һͷŵһָĵطȻԷС̧ͷŷҹɱ֣ǼӵˣֻɱҪôֻԼʧ
ܺãھ͸ħɱ˷Ϣ˵Ѿɡŷҹָʾ˵
ҪС̾˶Է˼ǵĹܼǸҪȷɵĻͱȻҪȥ֤һ£Ͼ鲻̫ˣֻҪܵõǸϢϵĹƳ棬ʲôʱܰ
ڻУǸ֮ٳְ㡣ŷҹ˵
ΪʲôҪ㣿Сɻ
ˣֻҡŷҹЦˡ
С߳ĬˣһѨץڶԷȷǲҲֻܱһϣ
ĹƳħź͹ŽϵطֻҪһǣħɱ˵ֻ̾ͻ֪ҪôˣҪôѾĹƳ棬ʱȥϢħɱˣֻ֤ԭǺߣħɱ˻һѾƿصˣټ֪𣿡ŷҹʵ
СȻԭŷҹҲ˵ĲοҲһԭ򣬱ϾԼһҪɱɱ֣ǸҪģΪһְǽһﲻŷҹˣһԷΪʲôҪ
Щ֮̾ͳһµֻһЩֻڲ˲ܿöĻͳȥŵ˼ѾɣڹʧɢڵС


355 ֵ
˵Լһ𣬸˵ѾˣΪ嶼ǶֵĻܻűһֵ顣
˵ʧ٣ǾͲˣɱŷҹһҪһʵξָȻҲһԳȥæ
Ծ䵥£˶ɱҲǲܵ顣
Ϊɱ֣Ȼ֪ڰɱˣԶҪ׵öࡣ
ʱֻѾյһЩĪĻСߵȻġ
ֻһգŷҹ˵صѾ֪ˣ쾩ңܲȻѾ֪˾Ѿ˵顣
šŷҹͷѾ˵ġ
ھ̣Сڱŷҹе뵽쾩ȥ
Ǻǣŷҹ˵Ҳûȥ쾩ķɻһУѾһĻƱڵȻϢˡ
С߱һͨ˵ĿɿڴҪ˵ŷҹѾ̹ˣ˾Ȼ֮ǰͶȥ쾩ĻƱһţ⣡δҲ̫һ˰ɣ
Լ֮ǰ֪쾩ģŷҹô֪ģѾ˴㣬Լ߶мˣֻһĸߣˣƺѾĨɱ׼ˡ
һʱŷҹСߵӿ˵ԼйƳ棬ѾҪŷҹˣҲ֡
ˣͺһһһᷢʲôһᷢʲô㵽ˣ
ǰ˵ƾһӣȻûʲôΪǺܶ۷ĸҲ¸򽻵˵ʱЩΪȻһͨˣٴôܸȣ
֪ˣƵһĳ̶ȣȷ˴ĵﺦ£µǣŷҹһƺΪ꣬ǰ;ÿ˶һ𣬿¶һĶ֡
ڶһ磬ȥ쾩ķɻ
ŷҰ֮ǲĻŹңСڶŷҹѾûκεˣֻŷҹİɱģ
ģֻҪ㲻ҵ鷳ԼȥĶȥĶҾԲѰġŷҹתͷɨһۣתȥ۾οϣҺæ
ǰĻС߶ٰһһŷҹɣСֿЦˣҲ㣿Ҫ첻æˣǲǻø˰
û˵ʲôŷҹѾٴοڣʲôһ뿪Ц˵ҪǲæĻ͵ùˣǵħɱˣһʱȥʰǵġ
СһȻŷҹ˵ĺвҲЦĿǳ׷
ŷҹˣƾʵҲûбҪֻѡ
ŷ֮ǰðΪְҵȻңҲӦðһЩСԥһ£ħɱ˴źܿͻ֪û񣬵ʱǿ϶ǲԸҺ;ֻһɱ֣ǻкܶ۷壬벽֣Ҿ˵ѾһҪСġ
Ŷ𣿡ŷҹһ£漴ȻԷħŹкܶܿʵķţȷɱԼˣķһ֡
ַʩչ˶ĻΪȻúܿ죬Ҳһ׶˶ûУ¾ͻᱻħһͳˡ
ԾԷҲûʲôˣŷҹžǸˣҲδؾܰˡҪ˵ѶԷɱҲͬûա
ǣԭ˵Ҳǰ벽ΪڵҪȻҲܰԭ滻С˵
Ŷŷҹɻһ£Լ֪ħɱˣвСòƾǻĵĹҲûǵĸָ࣬лѣһСĵģҪɱҲûôףԼСһɣҸطӣҲܶùħɱ˵׷ɱ
ŷҹ˵Ҳʵ飬ħɱ˿϶֪ŷҹһǳҲ֪С߲ûֻڵĹƳ棬ʱٲ˶Сߵ׷ɱϾŷҹֻһǵɱĿ꣬С֪ħ˵Ļ
Сԥһ£ŷܲҸ֮ħɱҪɱҵĻǶ㵽ﶼûá
ңŷҹüͷҲûдŸɱֵϰ߰
ģҾԲᱳŷֻһˣʵûаܶùħɱ˵׷ɱǵ̫ǿˣ׹ûκһܸ֯ǿ⡣С˵
ģֻҪаûκεİ취ҵ㣬ħŵֶȻаҲһ޵ģƳǿǵֶΣǰ˵ģֻҪɱħɱ˵ˣͻҵǸɱߣͬҲõĹƳ棬ϵĹƳɱӡǣԲŻЧҳֵĻȻӡǶһƳ涼ߣħɱȻҲҵ㡣ŷҹ˵
С߿ŷҹûдߵ˼ҲһʧҲǿ󣬱ϾŷҹʱسŵƳ涼ѾǺܴĶˡ
ãҪȵʲô𣿡ʧʱ򣬿ս𣬺ְҵƺЩƣĸо档
ˡСҲãҡʾԼҪһԱ߻ŷҹæתͷŷҪȵʲô𣿡
ŷҹûпڣǱ߶ĿսѾˣæǰһŷŷҹ𣿡
ŷҹһֱǱ۾ģһǰĿս㵹ǳúƯֻƺʶԷǣǣ
ǴǰĻ٣ǲʶԷҲҪú׽˵ռʲôģڵŷҹȴѾǰһһˡ
㻹ǵǴȥ޵ķɻϣһƬġŷҹǲȻЩʧҲ˲üƽЩ˵ŷҹˣ֪ٵŮڣԼҲôڣԷǲҲӦõġ
ŶҼǵˣ԰ɣŷҹֻƬӵĶͲǵˡ
㻹ǵңս̾ͼ˵
ǺǣŷҹҲֻЦЦûٽȥĵĴ㡣
С߿Ҳʮ۰˼ңŮǵģԼôģȥһɱ֣ҪȻĻڵľ죬ҲǺţƵˡ
˵ŮһѣҲܻú󣬵Ǹصɱ֣񣬵Ҳֻڱ˲֪ʱȥ̻֮Щ֪ŪٴεŮйԼа
⻹һܵɱ֣Щ춼ɱ˵ļһ֪Ȥʲôˡ
ҿŷҹȻԼⱲҲǸ˼ҵ˹ƳһһӶܸİ
ŷҹҪȥ쾩𣿡Ůսڴš
ǡŷҹ
ܲܵҼȥһˣսڴš
Χĳ˿ͶЩˣڵĿս㶼ôţҵҲ󰡣˼˧֮󣬾ȻֱӾ˼ҵȥǣǮʡˣһܵ


356 㱻˶
ֻϧŮϵôͲԼأ
˵Ǳˣŷҹ߶СߣһĽʣǲȥޣһͷŷҹˣԼɾ֪ôˡ
ŷҹҲһ£̧ͷۣһ֣ץס˶Է
Ҳû뵽ŷҹͻȻץԼ֮Ҳ΢΢ˡ
㱻˶ŷҹʵ
ھ̾ŷҹĴ󵨾ٶҪڷɻϾֱɣȻЩ˽룬δҲ̫ˣ˼Ůúõģ˵ʲô¶Ͼ£˼ҶѾˣ㻹Ƕװʲôװ
ȴû룬ŷҹҽǺεģҪȻҲһôҲ֪ҵ֪ܵܲʲôֲһֱڴ²ʡܲȥȾСֻҪŷܾʲôҶӦ
ԭ
Χ۵֧ŶţǸտʼжϵЩŮȥȥϷģҲ࣬û仰𣿲ʲôܴӦ
˶ŮˣһôƯĿսŮˣʲôⲻ˻ҪϹһأ
ŷҹһҲ˼˵Լ¾Ͳȥȥ쾩Ҳûʲô£ֻҪԼڹ涨ʱ֮ȥС˵ĵصȥͺˣҲйһ֮Ե˼ҼȻԼæԵ̫ˡ
ðɣҵ쾩֮ȥܵܵĲ飬εĻ϶ԹۣҲ˵ʲôʲôģҶѣһæҪ㱨ĻҲ̫СˡŷҹЦ˵
ְ
һȺΧ۵˶ڸ̾˼椵ļôһ˵Ů϶ǸжԸӣʱ򲡲κûκã취ٸжһǴϹһصͲѷɹǣŮԼԸģֱʽİǿбʵ
Ƚ˵϶ŮԼ⣬øӾˣȻĻȻǱȸ޺һЩܹȱġ
Ǹֵָ𣬵ֻ뾡һа취ϣֻиֲŻֱָŮ˵ģĶõˣ˻һƾ͵¶
̫ллˡȻжֱҪᣬ׻֪Լϰ̫࣬ˣ˵Ӱ춼ãֻʱһ£ŷ·ɻ֮һ£ֱӴؼң
Ӵôƺˣ
Ա߶˶Ǹ̾ϵչ̫ˣոǸ˻ǵŮأһʹ糤̵ؽˡ
ǶɣŮ˵ԼĵܵвǲǹҸ˵˽ŵģȻҲôİ
ðɣҲûʲô¡ŷҹҲûзԡ
ŷȻŷҹȻ˵ǸȥԼҲûϵʽʱȥĶȥ
ŷҹȻӦҪһȥͿ϶ʳˣܳ׷
ŮˣʣһȺ˶ǰĽĿͶŷҹߵСҲ⡣
ŷ̫ˣôƯŮ͸㶨ˣɱҲˣʲôǺõģʲôǻģֵܷģǰս㲻ƯҸּٿһҹŮԾͲһˡ
Ҫǰ߱Ƚһ£˭ܻĿϡСߴǰûֻᣬȻǵһִ񣬵֮ǰҲһֱħɱ˵֯ѵȻҲôͳ˾صĸ֣ǵ֯ȻȥŮ̸ʲôӰĽȣҲǵѧɵʱ򣬿޵ʱڣɵķΧſʼȥһЩϲȥĳһ¡
£ҲȥһͨĺŮȥ̸ʲôģֻǳЩͣһҪѡ
ڿԼҲ˹ͨĻᣬʮֿܸһŮȥ̸ûйÿ֡
㶨ǺǣˣҪܵȥβŷҹ˵ֱ۾Ҳͣ滹кö˿ѵҪһһȥԼûǸ˼
һ·ƽֻÿ·ʱ򣬶ᳯŷҹλÿһۣȻԴ΢ЦͷǶû˼˿ˣҲĽˣôôõĸɻҲ
˷ɻ֮ŷҹȻԸСڻĳڴţ󹦷֮ѾСӣҴææشܳŷҹû֮󣬲żæ˻֣ȻԸٶȳ
ŷ磬лл㡣ܵǰôڵ
ôлˣҶûпܵܵĲҲ֪ܲεءŷҹֵ
ŷ磬ֻҪϰңһκõġ
ô˵ҵѹˡŷҹЦ¡
˵ûпôһ˵Ҫβˣǲ˵ԼûҪ
Ҳ˼ŷһεúáҲʶԼ˵©æ
ʵﻹһͷŷҹʵûôжԷ磬֪Է᲻᲻⣬ǿŷҹûʲôԵ˼Ǻο
˵ܲܵܵĲűŷҹԼģΪڷɻۿŷҹҽֱɵĲŷҹ˲䱻κãϻʲôŷҹβ˵Ĳ
Ϊ˵ܵܵĲ֪Ѿ˶ٵҽҲΪծۣȴһЧûСҲҪȥŷҹŷҹݵַһ֪Ҫң֮ܵĶȥȥ
ɼһξȻһڷɻŷҹүҪܵһ·
˵ŷҹٿõĻѾ׵ؾˡ
Ǻǣ߰ɣھȥܵܣֻҪʲôرӵĲҶһ취ġŷҹҲȥǫ飬˵ﱧôϣŷҹҪǫǷӵˡ
ֲô죬ԭ˧ڵ㣬ôǽһ𣿰֪ˣҶ˵ڷɻϾ͸һ˧üȥģԲԡһͬƯŮɳ߶߹кһתͷŷҹι˧磬ôǵմŮģǵʥŮ˭˭ģôôܣʵ
Ů˵ȴǻǹһٶȺܿ죬ƫƫ˼Ǿʮֿɰ
ߺϹ˵ŷҵܵβġһ죬ȴæ͵
ǸܵβǸβ˼𣿡ŮǲĵЦ
ŷ⣬ӣھߺֱȥҼҡʱ䣬ŷҹ˵
Ǻǣ˵磬˼Ҷû˵أȲҪ˼ȥңҪúȫظһ𣿡ߺ粻ɵüЦ
ˣ˵ˣҶ˵ءҲ֪Լͬ˵ûûģû뵽ŷҹǰҲɸӵþȡ
Ҳ˵İΪҿЦ𣿡ߺ˵
ûҪҲǼġҲѾͷûˣ㲻¾ҪҪŷ翴һȫһ£˵׼κأ


357 㲻Դװ
ҪǸȫ飬㲻Դװߺȴһһס
ŷ磬Сһ°ɣ˵ڣͻȻ־Щˡ
ϾոնǿЦȴǱðЦˣҲûʲôŷҹһҽܸԼܵβѾܲˣԼȴһĲˣ᲻ǵöԷˣһ˦첲ˣǿɾͲˡ
ȻŷҹЦһȴûȻӦŮתͷСߵȥ°ɣ֮󣬸ҷϢȻﶢţʲôʱ˵һ¡
СȻ֪ʲô£ʲôˣŷҹ˵ԼŵģȻѲԾһˡ
ҲûʲôǸҲûмȥŷҹȥûʲô𣬶飬ҲһҪһֱ֪Է˭
Ϊɱ֣кֶܶóǲֳҲֳܰĶһ˿ضñ˶֪¶û˿ԥתͷȥˡ
ʵܲŷҹߣǱһ˿ϣģȻŷҹ˵Ҳħɱ˲ҵǾãֻŷҹߣܸӰȫһЩȻȷŷҹܴܲùٲԼ˾۷̶ȸ֣򶼲ôˡ
С֮ŷҹתͷ˿Էһ̾Щ˼صͷȥ
Ǹŷ磬ǿЦģ¶û¶ǸЦҶѾϰˣԲŷ磬ҲǹģǻȥҼҿҵܵܰɣæ͵Ǹתƻ
ʲôʲôõǸİߺȴΪڸϷأҽ㿴Сҿˣô飬ı㣬ô߰
ŷҹڵŮôҪ˵·壬úߵǲŶ԰ɣ
ˣ¾ĻҸһͺˡŷҹŮҲǰǵˣ֤ʵԼݣôԼߵġ
ŷҹȻʲôҽǽһЩãܶģǰãѾǾ죬Ŀ۷벽춼һЩͨ飬ǻ׾ٵġ
ʲô㴵ţߺ̾ЦԭҽɾҽҲҪҩҪô밴Ħ֮ģЩãѸκãǲǴ˵еƭ֪ˣԭĲСѣǸƭӣǲСɱҪ˸ƭ˰
ߺٺ˵ˣҪǰŷˣңҵܵܣ˵Ȧˡ
㲻˵İɣߺŷҹȥβģ͸ȥˣһ֪һƭӡ
ߺһ˲Ҳӿ϶ŷҹһƭӣǳҽܵβԲ˵һЩѻƭסˡ
˵ĽǲҲûκãƭƭɫոտ˵治ǲܡ
Ҿȸһ¡ŷҹЦˣǣҲˣһ˻ɣɫһԼû˵Ҳȫ飬Ҳռıˡ
죬ҾͲƭܶߺ粻һֱֻۣ˵
һĳԼֲɵЩƭ˶ûзŻ˶ԷȦףֻҪӻһģôҲܱ˸ƭˡ
ŷҹҲ˵ӽָͳһëڶԷϣʾԼ˶ռġ
ܰѵߺһЦ
ŷҹֻǰһƽԷڡ
ǲ֪֢ҪȫľһĻȻҪѶЩʱ䣬ֻƶԷһ¾ǿɾͼ򵥶ˡ
ֱӰѽŶԷĲ֢λֻͣҪӵʱܳ׽ŷҹ˵ֻҪѸͺˡ
ַ˵򵥣һҪҽһĹֶ֣ĿһҪﵽ¯ĵزſ
ӵһ𣬿ҲֻЩﵽ˾۷ĹŲ˵ɵŻɽŮȥ¾
˵˵ȥַȻ򵥣ȴҲĸ˶ģֿģҲֻڵŷҹѡ
ŷҹһֻ֣ߺһˡ
ͻȻ䱻һůһ·Сȥĸоûнг⻹㣬ƺûСĵطͣһ·֮󣬰мİ飬һŶůĸо
˵ǣĳصλãҲ˿˿еղܵĸоҪǽҧ촽µʱҪгˡ
ˣŷҹûһֱôȥʵʵʱҲֻӶѡ
ӵʱ䣬һֱֻͣۺСϣøߺ籶ɬĸоֻǼʮ룬Ѿ㹻ʶˣŷҹԲһƭӡ
˵ѾˣߺЩŵ˵
Ȼⲻһʲô󲡣Ǻܶҽ˵ҩҲҪһʱ䣬ֻҪԼϢʱ֮ĲɣǾ͸˵ˣ֮һ仰ǳҩҲδؾܳԵúá
ŷҹֻӣľֻǰһ˵ˣԼŻǲأ
Ҫ˵еţҪ˵ţոĸоԲԼĻþٶƣ
Ȼֲʲô󲡣ҪҲҪȫĻǿɾƭˡŷҹЦӦһ¶Է˵Լƭӵ顣
ŷ磬ߺʵûǸ˼ֻǱȽģǻǺܺõѣ֪ġŷҹŻɻ᲻ˣæվԼ˵
ûϵ߰ɡŷҹЦЦҲûа⵱¶
Ǹŷ磬㲻ҰɣҸǸŶߺʱҲͷŷҹЦ
᲻ᡣŷҹҲŮǸĳƭŻԼô䱸ͷôΪҲˣŷҹȻȥôˡ
СŷĲ磿ߺȴǹͷһתְסСʵ
ĲǣҲϣǣҲ֪ŷҹ¸ͲҪȻҲԼվǰ˼ҲǵԼء
ҿҪ׷ŶߺһЦ͵͵ŷҹһֵۣĵ绰ҡ
㣡İȵ
ô˵Ҳֻ˵һμ棬Ҹոոߺ绹˼ҵƭӣҪ׷ˣ仯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ôˣߺʵ
ĶУֻǾãҲ̫˵˰ɣЩεػش
ʲôôߵҽҲ϶ƭӣ˧ôõʲôԥģҪĻҿɾͲˡߺˬ˵绰ҡ
ǣҲû绰Щε˵
У˭Űһһŷؽţûĵ绰ߺһ˵


358 ˭
ûаЩ˵ˣʶŷڷɻϣǴΪŷβҲ֪ңҲҪ绰ûиң˵ûֻ
ҲŲţ϶ϲԾͲ׷ˣҪ׷˵ֲߺ˵
ðɣðɣ͵Ҫ׷ɣӺ˰ɣҲûа취ֻó
Ҫ׷Ҳһ绰ɣҹƽߺ˵

˺ˣ㿪Цģŵģѵһܰ߰ߺ翴ҲˣŵЦ˼׼ˣĩ˻ŷҹ˰֣ŷ磬һŶСҲСˣɻǵһŶ
ҪͨذѸܡ
ߺѾԶˣͷ
ŷ㲻Ҫ⣬ߺӣܰЦɫͨӣȥƤԵøˡ
ûϵܵҪǻǿ߰ɡȻԷֻһԲѣԽ翴飬Խźá
˭ûлӦԱһ˵תͷȥЩذͷתһߡ
˭йϵ鷳ãǻҪ졣˵ŷҹҪߡ
شٿϵŮˣڸ˹һ𣬵ʱ˵ܻܵɣԼҲк³չ˿ȥҲͬ£ֻһļԭζһȴԵˡ
Ҿûк³Ҳȵ˵һҪǿһٱ˵Ӽˡ
ߣҲӲǿ˭ԿĿһת䵽ŷҹϣСӣʶľ͸ϿȻٵĻĺùӳԣ
ŷҹûһֵĶֱ࣬ӺǳԷ
Ҳû뵽ŷҹô׺һ仰û˵ſھһ֣ҪԷúýһ£һŷҹɱһˣɵһû˵Լˡ
Բŷ磡Ϊҵ飬鷳ЩǸ˵
ŷҹᵣ鷳ȥԼĵܵܣתһ룬ΪԼĵܵܣŷҹ˴鷳ԼҲùȥ
Ҫ㻹ǱȥҼˣղǸһǸոһߣ϶֪ͨؼҵˣʱŷĻ鷳ԥһ£ǰʵ˵˳
ŶؼҴ٣ôû˵һؼҰŷҹɻһ£ˣȻ鷳ǴӦ飬һİɣ쾩ҲЩһļǲҶҵģǸʲôؼҵˣҾúýѵһ¡
ģҲ֪ŷҹһˣ˵Ļ϶Ǵţġ
ȻģǺǣİɣôؼйڵģŷҹʵ
Ҫ£Ҳ֪ǰɣ
Ķ֮ĹڣؼǸүҪҵˣҲͬ⣬ô򣬺ҵܵܳ£Ҹ׵ǮһСģֱݺͨĴӲǱŪ˸Ҽûа취ûǮǸĪɾͳǻǮ֮͸ҵڶŮˣҲӦͱǻǮŪһ˶֪ôźá˵ʱ̾Ҽǲģ⣬ܴܵѧոձҵҵĹҲ˭뵽һӾͱ
⣿ŷҹʱ΢΢һüͷܵͻȻһӾͲģ²һɣ
ոǸ˭ôҲйڵӣŷҹʵ
ǸˣǴǰѡ˵ʱԼоһ£Լǰô͸ôһĵ̸أǺ˵Īϲ֮󣬾̸ҷ֣ȰҸĪһ𡣡
ŷҹ벻»ˡ
Ҫ˵ؼ󣬸ֱһ£ǿҲǸ뷨ϾһЩ岻ǸֵܵģһٵĻеÿͷɳԡ
Ҫ˵֮̾ȰԼŮȥˣ˵Ҫô
ҲֲøոһˣͶĵеӣҲǣ˭ñ˸ĵ
⳵๦ѾļңС¥еƾɣȥҲࡣ
ǺŰᵽģ﷿ȽϵһŷҹڴΧĻڽ˵
ô˵ڶⷿס𣿡ŷҹʵ
ԭȲǵģֻǴǰķˣǾֻһȽϱ˵ķ
ԭķʲôطסŷҹʡ
Ƿڶƽɣֻϧֻٶծ̾
˭õʱһ취ҲûأֻһôһüǮʵϲǣֻýһƽͲܳɽļ۸
ŷҹһЩڶٶƽķӣҵҲǲˣ䵽ҪⷿסķݶϣһеԭΪܵܳ⣬Ҫ˵û˵Ͳܰɣ
ߣȥܵܵĲ˵ûʲôĻӦΡŷҹ˵
ģ۾һ
Ҳ֪ŷҹǽģ֮ǰԼô˵Ҳֻ˵Ҫ˲֪ȴͻȻתˣȻ֪Ϊʲôᷢ仯ֻҪŷҹ˵ģǾͿ϶кܴκãȻǲ˵ġ
߰ɣŷҹȻھٱ֤ʲôˡ
ѾȷĵܵӦǱ߰ˣȻĻͻȻͻԲѣеҽԺҽЩҲֻй߲ɡ
ֻǹߵֶεĻĽûʲô֣˵Ĺ磬ŷҹ˵ڶӦҲû˸ҳǵһˡ
æǰţŷҹһⷿ
һңǿռǳСҲֻһѣŸɳӰ¡
֣ˡŷһ
СˡһӦӷ߳Ȼȥ廹ãͷȴ󲿷ֶѾˣλǣ
ܵܿҽǸҽæԼĸ׽ܣŷҹڷɻϿһ֢ιҸոŷҲ˵ˣֲӦǿεġ
ģհǾһ£漴ͻָûп˾˵Σ˹Ҳе׶˵׼ǿŮúÿŻƭ˵ģǾ鷳æһ°ɣκãհǾƴҲҽ㹻ĳ͡
֣ŷɲǿǼǼǮģ˵ǻǮˡҲо˸׻˼Ƕŷҹ̫һ
ŷҹȱǮʱڷɻۿǸȵˣһпŷҹҲСĿȻǸҲõó֣ǶĸŮҲûǮˣûΣѾǮˡ
ٿأѾʲôûˣҪǮĻûʲôøġ
ŷҹҲֻǸһһȫûⷽ飬ڷɻ˵ǮҲδؾͻ㿴㿴Ե֣ȻǶǮеġ


359 ֲ
ˣСӶʲôҽȥܵܵĲ˵հǴߴţȻŷҹ˶󷿼䣬ҽæһ°ɣҲûйϵѾʧ˺ܶˡ
֣˵ʲôŷһԵġϣ
հǿЦγҪһԵҽǰֻжʮͷСӣʲôҽôŵġ
ôҽҲһ׺ӵͷɣ
жҽҪ˵ƭǻ࣬ܰԼŮƭˣѾǺܲˡҪƭհǣŶûУ
ŷҹһ״̬ȥɫǺģ֮ǰ˵ģ濴ȥ˯ˣһֱѲֲһʵ벻ʲôԭӡ
ָ̽˶Էϣʵȴһ˿Էڡ
հʱȷԷƭˣƭĳʶûУָָô£ǿѧĶûɡ
ûü˵ʲôŷҹѾڣҿΡ
ΣհǵĽˣԻҲ˵úǻɣǶҪʲôҩ
Է϶˵һЩȽĶ򲻵ģȻҪһ߼ǮʱǮ֣Ҳˣ˿ɾûضȥˡ
ҩȳȥһ°ɡŷҹһ۵
ҪǮհҲǸˣ֪ʱ˵һԷ˵ʲôʲôҩǺܹβҲøɱǮǿɾͲˣؼڼҲȷʵûǮһǷһƨծء
ҪǮҲûκ
ŷҹҲ׶Է˼Ҳûֵ˼˶ƭöˣһЩģİɣֻҪʮңұ֤һĶӣһСëѣøҿ
СëհеˣҪ˵Сëץˡ
Сë𣿴ҽԺ֪˶٣ⶼȥˣôרңûһܿʲôԭģҪҲСëĻ˵µҽƭ
Ҫ˵ŷҹ˵󻰣ֻΪƭְѻ˵ôƲҪǮҲûκԼȫԣڱĵطҲβãˣʲôֶҲá
֣ȳȥһ°ɣŷܵܿ˵ʮӾͺ𣿡Ҳŷҹ
ֻҪʮӣȫκãİɣҴ˵󻰵ġŷҹЦ
հǿЦøרҶβõĲ˵ʮӾȬҪ˵ⲻǴ󻰣˭ţ
µҲòһ£ǱϾӵҪôһֱȥǶһӾˡ
˶˳˷䣬ŷҹŹϣʼ׼ڵ
֮ǰŷҹѾ鵽֮һֱѲǵʲôֲΪйһΪĴڣŻһֱһֲ˵״̬ѲҲ
ԷĿĲֻһֱôȥʲôãǾͲŷҹ뵽ˣҲ֪ʲôıֻҪٵȼ죬϶ͻֳ
ڵһףʵʮҲòˣѾѹ
ŷ磬лл㣬ҽһӴʱæŷҹл
Ȼûа취ѹǺܶʱ淢õֻԼ޷κεĻӦ
ֻżΪҲ֪ΪѾ˺ӶȥˡǼҲûãôŬһְ
ŷҹ֮˵ʮӾκãţû뵽ֻӣѾȻ۾֪ŷҹû˵ѣһñиĸˡ
ҲǡŷҹЦЦȻʾ£ոѹҪ̫ң˵˵ʲôġ
ŶŷҹǽѣʱЩʧҪôһһҾҲı۸ˣŷҹʣһ²˵ʵҲ̫ȷֻһһֱ׷ҽĪɣȻȰȰҽ㣬ҾͰˣ֮Ǹڴһƣ֮Ҿ͵ʲôҲ֪ˡ
ԭŷҹΪ󿴵ʲôߵܣԷɱֲй¶ȥµ֣û뵽ǸǸؼҴйϵ
˵ţһŵҲ֪Ǽײþʹ嵽˿С
ʲô˽˵סլôΥ֪𣿡ӷѾհŭŶԷˡ
ΥǷծǮ쾭壬ʲôʱ˵ΥˣҪҪҰѵЭó㿴Ϊһ뺷˵
ˣҼǵһƣȻҾʲôˣһֱԵڡһµ˵
£ʹҽŷҹԸ˵ģ˭Ҳ˲ֺ㡣
ţ֪ŷ硣ԼѵĴ磬κ˶Ρ
ŷҹȴѾĪش٣ҲǶôô򵥣˺ܶĹ
׷ɹͰܸܵŪֲˣ֮հǣǷ¸
֮ǰûиԼ˵Ҳ뵽ʱĪɿ϶ŵֻҪͻѱǮռһϣʵһжһֵݵġ
µʱٰ֮ѣ˵е࣬ҲûôʱŮҲѾˣҲûʲô˵ģοҲδؾ뵽Ļʵһı
ĪɵҪ˲٣ֻѾӲˣ³ֻ»ǱǸ̬ļһŰɱ
ǮǻỹǣǸҳȥ̡ϣŭغ
ǺǣС椶ò߿԰ǮûǮôףǸǶɲһס뺷˴Ц˵λүϲ𣿶һӦ㻹Ǯܵβõ¶ҪǴӦˣʲôҲ鷳Ҳһ徲һ˵õ¶Ҫ㿼һ£
ΪҲ֪ǸĪɾһģҹŮʱҲмζ
ŷҹһ£Լ̫͹Ů˵ˣԭѾһ㣬ֻǾ֪ˣҲûʲôð취ϾֻһŮӣûʲôܸı״
ǮĻǿɾҪȥծˡ뺷ЦһҲûĵϸֱһ֣£ǰȥߡ
飡
죬ȥץ˶߷ɣǽȥһȽϵùǽһܽӴѪǾһҰ
˵һСһɣ뺷ȻȣɨŷҹһۺҲûк£ؼҴүôõ㲻ѡһСʲôϢ


360 㵽˭
ʲôˣŷҹΪ׵˵
ʲôˣӾǲˡ뺷Ҳŷҹʶ㻹ǹԶⲻܴĵطȻĻȱ첲ǽкõģСܲ£Ƕ˵
ŷ磡Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣŷҹ»ǸϿߣ
Ҫ˵ŷҹ°ԼǵȻԼϣģһŷҹҲؼңԼǲ̫˽ˣ
ŷҹԼˣǽ¾ûһýˡ
ýָͷҲ֪ŷҹϢǸ˵ǰѸܣ˵ЩûãĪɿ϶ѾȲˣԲŻЩڰԼߣòУֱҪӲˡ
ŷҹһ̧֣ʾҪ˵ͬʱҲհһˣʡλ˼ҲСıˡ
˵úܶԣǲˣҪѾˡŷҹ˵
㣡뺷һŭɵˣһ֣ǰСӿһͨˣոŵе£߱ǻǲԶˡ
Ҳ˵һǰһ˹ȥ
ֻβŸոһصʱͻȻǰûˣȵʱŷҹȴֳ֣־ܹĸǰ
ӦŷҹҲͬһ˹
뺷֪æȥǵˣȴûеס޴ԼƣǽʵʵӡƤϡ
һȥֱӱȵǶ˦˼˦ʮݶһƱ˦˳
㣡㣡㵽˭뺷ףԷɲʲôС
꣬϶һСôþôף
ʱԼǰ˵Ķ֣ȴҲϷ䣬ϾԼǿĺ̨
λֵҲǹߵĻûǲҪң֪ʲô֪𣿡뺷˵ʱ򣬱ĽŶƺһ˶£Ų֪Ļŷҹ˵ɣŵ̫ϳϣֻҪҶңС̫ϳɱɣⶼ֪Ļͺúûɣʦȥǲһӡ
ŷҹ
հǻûע⵽ȴǺеزˣؿԼŷ磬ŷҹһ
ǵĻһʱıЩŹˡ
ǺǣԭŷҹǳҺ°ŷҹЦû뵽һгĺ̨ȻԼ
֪¾ͺãڹһ㣡㣡뺷л˵ȥĿѾŷҹϷƺָȥĻ˵˰ؾѾǶˡ
ôܱܲȵ˵ŷҹŷҹƺָŪţЦſ뺷С
̫̫̫ϳϣ뺷Ȼʲô߲ָ̫ϳϵĿǾʶģԸҿͼƬģ֣ص˵ģ¼ֻŷҹһˣûеڶݶ
һ뵽ԼҪ۸˾ȻԼĺ̨뺷Ҳ뺷һ͹˵ϡ
ôҪھ͹ҪȻȱ첲ȵĿɾͲˣ㲻ҵС£ŷҹظŶԷո˵Ļ
ӺͿ̫ϳ̫ϳ뺷аͷڵذϿĵúһ
飡
ŷҹȻߵöԷһǶȴ㶼Ҷ㣬ֻԹſͷ
£ЩСĶҿһ޲ڵڸӣͷȥ
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ŷҹȭͷҲһֻһֱӰѶԷһʵͷ
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հǣһԼʱûаѻ˵̫ҪֱƭӺȥʲôģ֪˻᲻ֱɱ˰
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ǵΪȡڹԸˣֻҪ⣬ǿŮҲǺ飬ͨǲ£ŷҹ̨ţŵӣڵ޷ˡ
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ʱ仹ҪȻŷҹҪһµĴˡ
ŷҹһѳƺָӵ˵ϣɵı뺷е
ԷһЩսսĲҶ
ô˵𣿡ŷҹ˵
ܣùã뺷æշԸƺָ
ʲô֣ŷҹʡ
ңҽа룡ȫ֪ŷҹʲô˼Ҳֻһһ䡣
ܺã룬Ȼô£ʹȥ壬ӽŵˣ˵˵ģųµˣ̫ϳҲǵͷˡŷҹƽ˵
⻰갢Ķȴһըûʲôֱһ£ƴָȫ˵ϡֱ˵ˣڵϵ⡣
ţ˵ԼûΪıǿˣҲôƾȥˡ
ŷҹ˭ǿǰɶˡڵһͷȫմŷҹĹ⡣ҪŷҹԼһȥʣµֻǷַӶ˸ˡ
Ҳ壬úùܽµĵӣɣҲһšŷҹ˵һ䡣
Ӱ벻ˣʼɸһز
̫ϳϣ̫ϳҪôȥǵҪ̶ɡڲˣһСϱһһһѱѪؿްڵֻǳҲûʲô̫ϳϾ͸һĹµĻɣ̫ϳϣ
̶ʲôһԵʱЩʵ
ܰһôһͷѪĺڵӣŵöҪˣ϶ʲô򵥵ĵط
ǣǧٶߵ߿ߣɫе԰ף̶Ҳе̫ˣǱǧٶ˰
Ⱒôһ˵ҲŵСһףŷ磡
ôŷҹתͷ
ȴһԼôôأ̫ϳŮ˳ͷ㲻ǿˣԼҲ϶ЧŮҿղŵӣҲȷǰˣ취ԿС
СҲһʱͿ˲С˹˲С˹Ķ˵ԼֵӣһͷһͷĹȥ


361 
ĶܼܵסһүǶڵϿ޳ȥ󣬶ʱˣŷ磬ҿ˰ɣǸĪɲıҲǸڶѡ
𣿿֪ܵôԵ𣿾һܵڣŻһֱѡŷҹǺ˵
ʲôԭ㺦ҵܵܡһӻðɣԼȻΪ˵ܵܵĳ飬ŷ磬㣡㵱û˵
һɵˣ˵˭ãƫƫǵʶ̫ϳϵˣⶼԼҪ׬ǮǮô׬
һ쵰ҲǶ񼫣С㣬հ̣̣һ߶ͷһ߶ĵϾͰүүĲκã֤̾ͱûģһɣûҪɱֻǣֻǣ
ϾͰҵܵκã仰ǰˡ
ܣ϶ܣһܣһϣ̾ͰͷøСһ
󣬳ɣŷҹҲ˵ʲôһ
մ磬һҡ֮һָ֤˰һΡ
ӰòٿˣҲǰ̫ϳôβСϷɿˣһĻᶼûˡ
ŷ磬Ȼҵܵܺˣͽѵһˣ𣡱ɱˣãܵܺˣҲǴǰôأǸ
ŷҹתͷŰ룺ô˵
ǧҵĴƾ̫ϳϴãҪɱҪУΥֻ̫ϳϿûɱ˵ķϣһʹ죬¸мǸ̶Ҳǻñޱȡ
ȻΪ飬Ҿһǽˣٸҷ캦飬֪ˣĸӲ̶ĽûУŷҹȵ
лл̫ϳϲɱ֮лл̫ϳϣæֿͷ
ҲٵˣŰɣָظ壬еʱٻȥɣٳ飬һͻȥģ̫ϳϵˡŷҹŷԸ
ǣӰһ
͵ָֻ̫ϳҲ˿ڣԼСǱסˣȻȥ֮ĳͷٲ˵ģܹǾԲ̶ˡ
һǵǱĺĵ˰ɡŷҹתͷߣȻʲôǸʲôĪ֪ŵ𣿡
Ӧò֪ΪǶԱڹ˾屻нġæش
šŷҹҲһҪǶԷͳŵͷģǲ֪ʱøĨٺڣŵӷǻӢɽڽԼɽţӣһʦţȻһϴ
Ȼ֪ŷҹֻ˵˵ѣǰ뻹Ǳŵöһ£ϴʲôĶǼٻλѪϴרҡ
ʱҲЩŵСһһֱͷװ
ˣȥ֮ǰǸش˵һҪռҡŷҹַԸһ䡣
ǣ̫ϳϡ뱾ҲҪĪ˵һµģϾҲǳ˼ҵķҪһ仰ʾߣռҵˣǾ͵
֮᲻ǣǾͲˣǽɻ
ɣŷҹһֵ
ǣһָ̰̫ϳǹؽȥȻƨ۶ƨ۶ˡ
һֱܵС֮⣬ֻͷһۣȷ̫ϳûٰٻȥһ
磬Ǹ˭񣡺Сܶǿȫ̵ģҲµ˵ǻȥôشٽ
ƨĲǲҪСˣ֪ղλ˭ǿһˣһĭ۵Լֱ
ǵ˭СǶʡ
벻֪ŷҹ벻ñ֪ţȻЩ˶û׸ղ˵ĶԻûǱ˵ˣŻ˵֪𣿡
֪ЩֻͨС죬Ķֹ֪š
ⶼ֪벻мһ䣬ô˵ɣĳϣÿܴʮ
ôСǶһǸղǸ˾ɵĳϣ
ôܣɿ벻ָˡ˵еˣǵ̫ϳϰֻҪʲô£Ą̊́ɵĳϾôǱһɨȥֱɱʮŶˣʣµҲҸλүɴͷɽţӹʧˣ֪˰ɣ
Сһɵˡ
ǲ֪ǰ磬ǿһˣһȺģɵĳܴʮղǸһɵĳϼŶɱʮôղ˵ʲô
Ȼеˣǿոհ㶼Ҷӣһһ̫ϳϣҲеˡ
ôش˵°һСְѻ⳶
ǻȥ͸ĪɣҪռҵˣǸղλ˵ģҲˡڱͷҪԼܹȥĪ˵ϻȥǾ˵˵ģ֮ǰ˵Щ֪𣿸ոǿǸˣҪ֪˭ҴϢ˵׼ʲôʱ򶯶ָͷǵԴš
֪֪СǶһ浱ŷҹһ
뿴Ҳǰˣٿ˿ָЦһҲҲⶫͻȥŷҹж֪ͣԼûãҪǶǿֻ·һˡ
ڻȥҲˣǻȥ㡣
ŷ磬㣡㵽ʲô˰˶߹ˣȻ֪ŷҹǻˣǸո˵ӣǺˣǸ붼ųǸӣɼͳ̶ˡ
հҲɵ˵ŷҹԶһ˼ұϾǸովһˣҲתͲˣ˼Ҹ߰ɡ
ֻѾŮ˴򽻵˭֪ʲôʱͻɱ֮
㣬ôʲô֪ŷ粻ǻˣҪȻȫҶˡȴǲΪȻֻкûûʲôݲݵġ
֪ǸĪɻ᲻ǵ鷳Ҳ֮һжܻعˡ
İɣӦǲˡŷҹһ£ǰѵ绰дݸ¾ʹҵ绰˵öԣʲôˣҲǻˣ쾩ǣҲЩϵؼҪǣһһѵġ
ŷ磬ܸܲѧ£ҲṦĻͲᱻ۸ˡڴص
ʲôҲѧ𣿡հ̾ѵӣǲҲ̤ЩԹڹȻǳ꾭̶ڽҲЩ˽⣬֪һ·
Ǻǣ㸸˵òֶӦѧģһΣ㲻䣬ԲһĻûˡŷҹЦ˵ǻȴЦȻŷҹתͷǣȻܵܵѾˣҾˣһЩҪ쾩һ¡


362 
˵ŲǻӦѾƮȥֻǰһΣŷҹѾ֪ȥʲôطˡ
̾ԼĸԹôôŷ˵˼ҺôҲҵǵøл˼Ұ
ллҿɲκһˣйĹϵˣЩͨ˼ǲһģ߽ˣǻǻġհǼѵ
Ҳ֪˵öԣǿŷҹˣⲻȥͻȻһŤͷ׷ȥˡ
СȥĶհ̾˿Ҳ³ԭ򣬵ҲΪ˶ŮǺá
ҿŷ統ҽͦõģԺҲû˸۸ˡҲǸ˵
˵˵ʲôǲ޸ĪǸ˵һ𣿡հ
ôһĪҲ˵ˣǾǸ˵ŷǸ˰
У˭˵Сհֻ˼ˡ
ŷҹһ뿪ռң̾ͽӵСߵϢ򿪿һյúƬ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼Ƭϵ˻ŷҹʶġ
ƾкųƵһֵˣҲŷҹص㻳ɵ֮һ֮ǰѾڲ²ܸʵĶɱ֯ϵϣͨԷɱԼģݿ϶̫򵥣Ȼǲġ
߻仰ŵ飬ΪҲܸԼ
ֻǽյС߷ļͼƬڵλãС߲û˵˭֮֡
ҪٶԷȻһƫƧĵطֽ˵ǰѶԷסǸŷҹһ顣
ŷҹɲô룬ųƾһ֣ǿɲǴţģһûнˣõƺţͱԼ˸ʰˡ
С߲һڵĹߣҪȥʰȻЩܡ
ڲСܲʰ飬С߻᲻ᱻ
ȻСֻħɱһɱ֣ǱɱģŷҹҲһõˣ˵ֻҪԷĻҳ͸С߽ϵĹƳ棬ڱˣΪԼ¶ɱ
ұˣã
ŷҹյһϢȻ⻰˵òǺףһ¾֪СǱ˷֮ԼнĽѧˡ
һԼһҲΪ֪Լ̫ܲԶ϶ᱻԷ׷ϣԲŻѵص㷢ŷҹҲһȥһյеá
ŷҹյϢ֮̾ȫŽ÷ȥ
쾩кܶãҪ˵Ƚϳһǿ϶н쾩Ľˡ
ɽ
϶СǰǱ߶ȥŷҹһԾѾ˷ɽĺ⽣ϣһ·۵糸˵ǳҲδؾˡ
ڽѧļ¥ϣŷҹʶȫϵɨΧĶСǲѾˣƺźǻûй
ŷҹ֪ԼٶӦ̫ˣСŶԷʱ򣬲ô죬ԲŻûе
ȻûйӣŷҹѾӦСɱŷҹûжź󷽼ɨ裬ȴûзټ
ûиҲƻİŷҹƮСߵߡ
С߱ͻȻһΪͻȻǰصˣǶһȻŷҹʱϲŷ㾹Ȼ⸽𣿡
ŷҹҲûн˵Լֻһۣû׷
׷ŵģֻ˼·ͻȻʧˣʲôСЩź˵ֻ̫ˣȥܾûа취ˣԲŰԭƻˡ
öԣ˿ɲöԸȷǹ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ȷСߵͷ϶ħɱ˵ĹأѡطֻҸ֪ûǲܲ鿴ģ˿϶ǹ֪顣
ˣ㲻ùˣԼͺˣѾҵҪΪѹƳԼȥԼ߰ɡŷҹܿһ£ҲƧִһ
֮ԭûʲôӦСߣͻȻͷһĴʹ˵ǿ϶ɱֵĵһʣִʹȻСɱֶͷð岻סزš
סȻЩСһѲŷҹһһ֣ʱ䣬һɺɫͻȻʹСߵ
ЩŷҹѾһ䣬Сڳ涼˲ճ˻ңڵϣҲܺˡ
лŷ֮Сŷҹл
߰ɣлң֮ǰ˵õġŷҹ
ңҲûʲôطȥ֪ŷܲ׷㣬ָܸһȥһúˣܰﵽŷһæҲҵı𡣡Сߵͷ˵
Сħɱﳤ󣬵ǴûԼǱõĹƳ壬ȻǸ֯һʱ֮ҲЩãȻ֪ԼȥʲôطʲôΪԺҪЩʲô
ŷҹԷӣƺҲ쵽ʲôԸķڣҵԸ㰲һ£ȥһӣţΪܿͿʲôģӴ֮󣬻ݣͿˡ
ģСû뵽ŷҹĸһôõȥ
һɱ֣ȥϣ֮õĺȥﲻÿ춼ɱ˻߱ɱӣÿ춼ĵһֻ۹ӡ
С˵ѾĶˡ
ǵȻġŷҹЦЦС߿ҲǺܴȥ嵱ֵҲǲѡ񣬡ȥ֮ҪɵĹأ㷸˴ҲһܴŵĴҲȽذ
ǲ£Ϊһɱֻ֣ҪһδζҪˡСߺǳŵ˵һ˴ҵĻᡣ
ҪסڿʼѾһɱˣԺҲԶǡŷҹѵ
ŷڣСȻһĶ
⼸쾩Ҫ߰ɣȥַһŮҪʲôȥ鷳ŷҹĵַСߡ
ȻհǿǺܻӭԼƣռҵ鷳ҲŸոտʼǶԷ֪ԼݣҲ˵Լ¼ĻǸؼҴҲΪһˣͻֵġ
ʱֻðѶԷҪٶռҲȴû˵ԼҲȥȻҲпǵġ
ŷҹϣ㶼ȥԼţǰһ򲻹̾Ͱ̫ϳϸֿ»ǻᱻŵǲŷҹ뿴Ľ
ҪţҲֻԼȥԼ֮⣬κҪţҪ˼ɣȻͻᷢܶƽ찢顣
ŷûɱħɱֻºܿͻ֪һţҲûϢҹɱѾ·ˣһҪСһЩСҲѵ
Ŷ⻹һ൱Чʵ֯ħɱжٵľ۷֪𣿡ŷҹʵ


363 ɱ֯
۷֮£ڶвĲ󣬾ǶԷɼҲԵסĽŲ
ǲħɱʶʽɱ֣ҲֻоһˣˣҲֻȫ֪Ͼҵǲܶ¶ڴǰġС̹Ե
޷ɱֽ쾩ҿǻûôĵӣ쾩ƾ˰𣿡ŷҹЦȷҪȥһˣȥ˵ĵַȥһˡ
˵ŷҹٴһԾգҲƵˡ
С߿ʧŷҹҲױˡ֪ŷҹҲû뵽ŷҹȻշˣⲻǴ˵ɲŻĶ
ԼûѡһϸĻԼ㲻ƳҧҲᱻŷҹһɱˣԶԷʵٶɱ֣ҲͲĶ֡
Ҳ֪ŷҹΪʲôħɱɱˣֳ뻯ֶζˣɱٶ࣬˼һŷˣ㻹Ķȥɱȥ
һַɻһգ۵Ĺ򣬿㲱ϵԴѾ˸ˡ
ƾ֮ܲУһܵķһ˶̸
ǰĲˮðŰƺû˰ע档
ħɱҲʧˣʲôųƹʵһɱ֯ҲˣֻϣǱǸУЩߵ˵
ûô򵥣ħɱǲ̫ĿĲݵģŷҹĸԣ϶ħɱ˵ôһ˵ʲôħɱ˾ͻԶŷҹΪɱ֮ˡºͣȥһɱˣƫƫ˵Ļȴһº͡
ԣҽȥ˵Ǹص㣬һжûдǿյ֮⣬һһİ˸٣ֻǺСӺҽһʲôȦףҲûиȥЩĵص᲻ħɱ˵˱ŷҹ򣬷Ըǣ
Բܣħɱ˿ɲһɱֻ֯Լ飬ΪǽͷС𣿻ҪͷǮ˲м
ǸСӾҲŷҹ˵˭֪Ǹطܸңʵ
ŷҹɵˡҲü²һﲻȻǻ鷳
λǿңҶ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡͻȻһƮ
˵Ѿ˵ĸǰŷҹ˭
ôģȵʣӶԷ˵ѾжϳԷѾ֪ӶɱɱˣԼǰˡ
ЩѾýˣǽҲûá
ˣҲƾĿ䳤ϣܽòҲʲô˵ɣŷҹЦ
ʵֵǣŷҹȻ˶û˿£˵ߣŷҹıƺҲ̫һЩ
ߣôѵ㻹£ӺԶڣֻ֣Ҳûܻ㡣ƾȻ˽⣬ֻҪӲƾﻹûʲô˸Ҹаģ㲻ΪԼƾҲΪΪɣ
ǺǣΪΪǲңҵ뿴˭ƺƾ˰ɣѵҲһ䣿ŷҹʵ
ƺòܡ
Ҿɡŷҹ˵ţѾϡ
ߣ㵲סҲ£ŷҹȥ
ΪƾȫģŷҹӦòᵽƾǣû뵽ŷҹһô׾ҵǵڣڵ£ŷҹɱ˼ɣҪɱˣȴһ˼ɶûС
ƾˣҲֻվŷҹһ߶ϾŷҹϴαһսУҲõ˲˵Ͽɣһ׵׵ˣؼǣݻܱ¶Ȼи鷳
ߣûôװɣӶħɱ˵ɱңһ;ô𣿡ŷҹֳ־ڣһξնˡ
˭֪˵Ҳһ죬屾ǰͻȻ֮һתԭֻһõӰӣڽһ̶û˿ˡ
ʱѾϣνŷҹȥȻᣬѾתſڣۿҪʧ
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ʲôûпŷҹĻ֮ѾڷŶԷʲôʽŷҹһ½֮⣬ȴͲܲˣҲɻ
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ϧŷҹҲ̾һ˵ΪͣƺǺܹħŹη֮󣬲֪Ժ󻹻ʲô
ǶԷ˿תһζֻзɽҲǵסԷߡ
ؼǶԷȫӦҲãﻹһƾһڣǣţԼҲû̫ȥʹɽ
ɽȻҲҪʶ֮ȥʹڵʵŷҹͬʱʹɽԸ֣ǻЩġ
÷ɽ£ȻҲֳܷȥһ
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ڣŷҹҲòۿߣȻ˶ԷһֱۣȴŷҹҲ˲ٵв˭Ҳ֪Ǹ˻ʲôʱ֮£ٴҧһڡ
㹴ħˣֹӶħɱ˴ɱң鲻ΪûεɣŷҹѾˣʶȫҲûа취ҵԷȥҲٴֻؿŶԷʡ
ʱĶѾڶֵע⣬̶ʱ֮ڣѾʮҸԱ˱Ҫļ֮⣬Ѿˡ
򶷵ŷҹʱ򣬴ҲȻ˵ĳŵģǰٷְѾˣҪΪ򲻹ŷҹֻѾְɱˡ
ʱһŷҹ˵ħŵӣǾһ£һ˵ħմ߶ҪСĶԴΪЩ޲Ǻսɱ˵ЩཻҲǲУֻҪıҪɱŷҹǿɾͲˡ
ŷҹô˵ҲƾĿ䣬ƾڲˣһһ߲㣬ȴħŵӰ˼ңҪ¹֪ˣҪôȥƾ
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˵˵ʲôʱ򹴽ħŵӣҵҪ㣬ұһɵĵƾͣȴ޶˽ңͻȻʩչɱ֣ƾںεأһͷĻͷŭŷҹԷǷһˡ


364 ȫƾ
ɵӡܶ˶һҪĻŷҹ鷳ɾʹˡ
ҲſڵĴѪǸߵƲ̫ᣬɵĻԷƱػƾʣʱƾʲôظ
ƾĳԱ˵ĶԷǿ˵ģǶⲻһƾĲǡ
ɿɲǹɣڹУƾǲԷӣҲһģɾͲͬˡ
ǺǣһɵĵӣղǸɵĵӣǿɾҪɵˡŷҹȴ˿ƾܲ˼ذɣôҿһɵõʲôһоȻˡ
ɫʱѿҲ֪ΪʲôǸΣͷȻóĻħŵĹҿʮѪȱһɵĹ
ҾǲÿصĻ棬ǿɫҲѾжϳʲôʱüͷ
Ϊ˹ƽ˰¼˹
Ҳŵʱ̾ͿǸѪըĻ棬һħеѪֶΣһǱĸ߼ֶΣͨɵӻȥѧġ
ʲô˵ģѾˡ
Ȼǵ鳤ڳ飬ְλȻûа취ȫԼ
Ҳ֪ԷħŵĹأҲǱƭ˶ѡ
ҲпܣϾֹֻҪʩչ˭Ҳ֪Է᲻ᡣ
˵һ£ĸɵĵӣܿ԰ɣŷҹȴЦһʵ
˵Ϊѵ
ʲôȻħŵĹΪʲôҪܣֵǱ֪ˣᱻʦŵİɣԱˡ
ʵҲ̫ԷݣֻǶԷʩչһЩֻڲŻĹҲŶԷڵĵӣǽʲô֣ʵǲ֪ûа취ֻðʵ˵
㲻ԷݣͰƾڲӸ˲ˣǷ˴
ƾʲôǻһһػĺܶҪŵİȫصĵطƾˣȻ˲˹أһ˴˽չ涨Ҫεġ
⡭Ҳһʱû⡣
Ҫ⣬û뵽ԽǱﷴ͸ˡ
ô˵һ𣬹Ӷħɱɱˣŷҹʵ
ⶼһ־죬Ҹͺ֪飡̾ͷϡ
⻰һ̾Ϳ˴ұĵı飬˵˭ţ
Ϊɱŷҹֻ㻹Ǹ˸Žɣ
ŷҹ͸ֱˣ޽һָô˵죬ǵҲһˣνɣΪָõҲǿ죬ǸҲ㲻ٵĺöɣȻҽͳװɱˡ
ϴθһսѶԷ۷ΪȥôҲҪʱĿ޲ٻָû뵽ѾָúܺãɼһõʲôõĵҩȻЧ
ŷҹ֪ģƺﻹƲЧĵҩֻǴħŵõˡ
ҲǶԷֶŻȡΣһıɱԼļƻ
ŷҹȻķ˴ƾڲ飬ӻûл֮ǰֻܰпѹɱ֮ˣ㲻ҪѾŷҹ
ҿɲΪŷҹҡͷΪڵƾ˭ܵס뿪ħŵҩֻ»ʲôΪĹûһĶ֣ߣ˭ܵס
Ҳ֪˵ΪָƺоʱҲɫ
ҲУ㵣ܵ￴Ȼ˵Ҫɱ뿪Ӧɣ˳Ե
Ǹûʱ䡣ŷҹȴҡͷɱʡҵʱ䣬ѾҪɱңɱҲǸλΪѰɣ
Ͼƾˣ˵ü
ƾôɱҵˣȨɱŷҹӦ
㡭˱òᣬȴҲ֪Ҫôֹ
ŷҹұ֤뿪֮ǰ뿪ƾһܿ˰ɣҲ֪ŷҹôŹԼǲ̫ܵˣܵ취ߣȻӻҲҪ
ǺǣҲãҷӡΪôŷҹƺЭˣǽİ仰̰Ҹˡ
ǲƾҼȻ˵˲ߣͲߣҪӡҵΪƾҪɱƾĵ鳤ƾڣϵ˵
ܶﶼ̲סˣʱˣڿڿ˵Լǵ鳤Ҳ˼
ǲò˵⼸仰Ҳƾ˹˼ɵģŷҹϾƾԱɱ˵鳤ƾҲȷ̫ȥˡ
ʵҲɱɣϾ˵鳤λãҲΪƾϽˣ˵ɱɱδⲻ飬ҲĨɱǰĹ͡
Уƾ飬ƾɣŷҹϾֻһ䣬ڲ㲻Ҫ֣Ȼᴦһжȵӻ֮˵Ϊ׵һƾԱ˼һ²ŻӦ
ŷҹ̾˿ƾ飬Ҳ֣ҵ飬ϣƾҲҪ֣ɱңȴҲ֪һ˵ɱңѾֶΣҲһˣԣһԼϣλҸλһ֮ԵķϣҪңֵֻ¹ˡ
⻰˵Ѿ׼˺ˣƾҲ
ŷҹǵȻ֪ڵľһɵģǵʵΣҪһ㣬ʵŷҹʤ
һʱ˶֪Ҫôźá
ŷҹΪƾȲʹˣǾ۷壬ƾ۷壬۷Χ֮£Ϊʤ㣿ʱֿˣȰƷ֮ȻƾĳͷҪƾӣǾʹ̡
ò˵Щ˵ƾԱȥŷҹһͨƾӵȷ̫ѿˣڣŷҹҲʵֲ̫ˣ֮ɫ䣬Ͳ
ڴҵŷҹսɣɱڶĳϣŹҲһɱԼ϶Ҳ̫ɡ
ƾ۷壬ɵʵȻǸǿ࣬ԸŷҹӦûˡȻ˵ҲĻӵĳͷƾҲˣŷҹĿֲҲˣҲܻصһ״̬ˣһٶá
뵽ƾĵԱѾŷҹΧУΪһЩԱǷ׷׺ˣԼ˴ս׸ڻҡ
ŷҹĬĬ۾һ£ʱ򣬱Ҳ侲£벻վҪֶ˵Ǿɣ
ڽȻӳͬʱؽҲȻֱֱָĶƾľ۷塣
Ҳû뵽ŷҹ˵ʹ򣬲Ҳ׼̾ȫֵŷҹϾֻһˣ۷嵲Ĺƣ˾ͿȫҲԲôĹ
˵ȻҲûϵľ澹ȻôƿأŷҹڵľȻȫƾ۷ϣҪٲʱɱ֣ǿɾҲûˡ
ƾ˲ɱһŷҹˣЩҲɱŷҹΪŷҹҲƾĿ䣬ƾɱͬҲǶˣֻ֡
ֻûһ˼ĽѾĶӹ


365 Ůջ
һȻ֪һȻǸ˶ϱʱ龰
ʱҲǱĪնһֱۣ֪ԭ
֪֪Ҫ򲻿ˣһʼ֪εķǻ˵ֻϧһʼֻǰɱŷҹȴû뵽ȱɱĻԼ
ĳѾֻȴһѪĲҲѪҺ֮ںȻˡ
ƾԱʱȫŷҹ۷ǣƣ˿ûй˼ԼİΣȫʹԼɱС
ҲûʹΪϾǲǴҪɱŷҹ˼
˼úܶ˶³ǵĵնµʱŷҹͲ֪˸ȥնŷҹʱԼƾͬȥˡ
һշڿƵķΧ֮ڣһæ֮յûһɱĲҾ硣
顭
ʱ۷ȴˣŷҹ̫죬ǸûзӦ˾Ѿ˸ǰؽһɨ޿ɿܣ׷׶ֻܵ˷һ˳ȥ
λˣǣŷҹҲයѾ棬뿪ˡ
ʱҲŷ֣Ѿأ۷ҲǴǽҲûʲôˣֻЩǱѡ
⡭˭Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϊû۷壬ŻܵôңǴˣŷҹûаɱ⣬ǾΪһɱ˿ħɱĻֻһ˶ʣ¡
ƾҲһֻҪԷɱ˭£ֻԷҲƾΪУֻɱһˣѾ뿪ˡ
Ц֮ǰŷҹһ棬Ҫٵҹ磬˼ҲûйȥңһؿţҪȻʵҪ˭ܵס
飬ôɣκ˶Ҫ⴫͵ûзһһжǰ˵Ϊ׵ľ۷˵
ףǡŷҹµĶۼ⣬ͻȻ϶һȻֻ࣬ŷҹŻѶ뿪ɡ
ǰƣٴξһ¡
ƾ֪ŷҹƵ˲࣬ҶǾҲ֡
һʱǺŷҹûѹǣǲ֮ì£˼Ƿǲٸƾκϵˣ
ŷҹﻹп֤ͻȻ˵
⻰ôǰһ֮Ҳŷҹƾ׾ѣǿ֤Ҳһˣֻǰӵ£˼žȫˡ
ӦǱʲôҲֻ̫Ӳס
ô˵ӦòŷҹƾѵźţһӳţҲȫŷҹ֮Ĺϵ
Ѿ˺ڣղΪʲôһ飬ҪŷҹˣɲӦ鰡
ŷҹƾĿ䣬ӵƣֻн֮˵ˡ
ŷҹ߳ƾǺһӵǻֻͻ㵽ôһԲŻһܳȥһս̫Ρ
ŷҹɱȻҲӵӣȴᣬҲԺ޹ϵҲΪ˵ŷҹ˳ɱ˵ġ
ֱõĸо̫ãƫƫŷҹҪΪΣԼ
Ӵ֮Ҳӵƣ֮ûʲôãԼҲûһˡ
ŷǸŮҪȥμѵջᣬǲҲҪȥСߵĵ绰ʱ
ջ𣿡ŷҹȻ֪ؼҵүҪֵĻ϶ѡܵܺ͸ףǶŵģˣַĶȥһ£ĵܵܺ͸˰ɡ
õġС߰ѵַŷҹһ£Ϊɱ֣һߣҪ̽飬Ͳܱ˷֡
ŷҹõ˵ַֻ֮ǿһۣȻͳطȥˡ
ƽʱȻ÷ɽǶҲ˵õöˣɵģҪĻʵƽʱҲɽĻǾеݳˡ
˾Ƶſڣŷҹ³֮ҲûмŽȥֻǿһİΣΪĪֵܶʱ䣬ԲŻôһ⣬ʶһûбҪ
ߵһصĵطȥӭȴһ΢ЩŮֻһۣҲû⣬Ҫ·ʱ򣬶Էȴͣס˽Ų
ŷ𣿡λ欵ŮͻȻȷʵ
ŶŷҹϸԷһйһ֮ԵͬʱҲ̾Էļûע⵽ԭīС㣬Ǻɰ
ī쾩ߣǸ˶ԷһƬƺûϵˡ
ǺܱǸ㵱ʱίиҩģȻһûյʵǵˡīЩ˼
ûϵѾҪҩˣ㲻÷ˣ͵ȡɡŷҹ˵
Ҹôǿϴ赤ŷأīȻʧҲѾ뵽ˡ
ˣһϴ赤͵͸ŮīСɡŷҹǺЦ
ʱһϴ赤һϴ赤ļֵԶˣǻŷҹ֪ԼҪǶʲôȥˡԼ˳ԣҲ̫ϵˡ
īﻰһᱻġ
īȻģõ֮īС΢죬ƺǴЩɬֻһ
ĻǾллŷˣҵգ͹ȥһĶһЩѣ㲻ϲֵĻҿԵ׼һ䡣
ΪԷ׼һ䣬ֻһλ欵Ů˵Щ壬õīһ¡
ҲڵﾭˣȻһŮôɬֻһҲ͹ˡ
šŷҹһԷָŵĵطɲҪȥμջĵطû뵽īգǵȥһ£ðɣҲΪ鷳һ¾ͺá
̫ˡīϲ֪ŷ쾩ҪռʲôҩҪæģһȫ㡣
ҩǲôҪǸлīС㣬еҩҪлһϵġŷҹҲЦ
ڸŶϵˣʲôͨҩĴŸ㲻һСС㵽ˣ
Ů⣬Ҳ˼ȥ
ллŷˡīԭ˵ŷܿһ֣ǿǱĺ̨Ҫǿ࣬˵ĵҩȻǺܸ˵ģšﶼһЩͨѣŷһҪἰҵĹҲϣǶ֪Щ
ףİɣһ˶ʶĶȥ˵ŷҹ˵ҪһС˵©ˣڡ


366 Ů˵С
īһ漴׶ԷǿЦʱҲЦῪЦôأʵЩҲ֪ģҲûôϸˡ
ǺǡŷҹһۣطСҲܺŵʱҪ뿨ܽ룬Ѿī
֪򵥣û뵽һССŮҲôǮһЩİ
ŷʵīҵȫī쾩ҵ˽Ů㲻ùѰɣīЩ뿪Ц
𣿿֪̫ˣȻӦϸȥͽһ¡ŷҹǺЦ
ҵ˽Ů⵹ˣҪ˵ΪȥǾǸЦˡ˵īҲһߣͿڰջᣬҲôų֪Ȼֻһ˽ŮҵĵλԲ͡
ܸύѣǾڸϵһ˵ҪŶˡ
ˣŷϲһֱȡЦˣŷҹ˻ش𣬵ҲīݸһЦ
˽ʱѾ˺ܶˣīǷ׷ǰʺá
ŷҹʶȤһ߶˸Ϣ
īҲΣֻŷҹķ΢΢ͷʾǸ⣬Ȼҿһ֮ͨ󣬲ת뿪ˡ
ŷһ£ҿҪʧһ¡֮ǰīҲǸŷҹһк
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Ҳûж˵īȷкܶҪæѾ¥ݣƺ뵽ЩʲôֻعͷĿŷҹķ
ŷҹͷʾԼû£Էתͷˡ
⾵ͷȻ˺ܶ˵Сү۾ﶼƮһ
˵īòǸ˶ҪƵ˵ݣǿɶÿ˶Ҫʸİ
ΪݣīҪٰջᣬȻǻкܶǾԲӣСĹӸǶһ
ŷ磬ôҲŷҹ˵Ŀ⣬Թ˱ƺţոȴע⵽
Ҳѹ֣ںܶ˶ŷҹһһʱ۴˭һʱ俴
ǺǣûʲôҴ·պ÷һѹգҹһ¡ŷҹʼ
Ȼ˵ģ֪ҪŮսжʲôŷҹѾѩ褣ɲٶʲôծ
īҲʶ֪ôģŷҹôһ˵ﻹЩġ
īòҪڣҲԵ欣ǶԷ۾ÿÿԼúܶˣŷҹĹϵ˵Ļ¡
ֻͨʶѣˡŷҹҲڻشûôࡣ
ŶҲʶʲôˣŷģ˿
߳Աġŷҹ˵ž˾ߵӣʾԼԶˡ
ҲһЦȻ֪ŷҹ췹ԣֻȴɡ
һЦͬΧһƬ˵ҷɡҪ˵ԼܾñȲīǽԴƯһЩȴСұɡ
˶Ƕ˼ΪϾīˣֻһҸλŮһŴϣҪմմǸǲܵġ
ǰŮͲһһͨ˼ҵĳȻĶīЩϵֻҪԼӲģƱҹȥһŮܾջ
ֻҪԸģʱ˭˵ʲô湫үģвٶ椸ּ֣Ʒ϶ǲŹġ
˴۾ǣŮôһҲճǸСȥ˰СӵĶõģôͰŮճס
ЩҲûӵⳡӿҵģǵĿ궼īҪΪһͨŮȥС˳ͻؼ֮󣬻ǸԵϵ
ŮʲôλҪģ㹻ĵλʵҪʲôŮûа
ԴȻʣҲûǰͷȥֻÿǱƵʾ͸ˣˣҲǵúܶŮ˶ˣΪ˶ǵĴڣעһˡ
ǣһҳͷġͻȻСԼСȦЦ
ҲתͷŷһˣΪ˧߽˳ڡ
ؼҵĪɰɣ
ؼڵķͷǺܾҵ֮ؼҪȱˡ
ÿɲడĪӦǶһݶˡɻ
ͲˣīȻҵˣݶûȷұϾֻһ˽Ůӵ̫ܶӣĪþ⣬ؼǸոλģҪ֮ùϵŻǰͷǶȥˣǿɱȲڵؼҰ
ǺǣҺ˵Īһֱһս㣬ֻŮҲͦô֣˵ǰλŮɣǵĻǿɾ͸кϷˡ
Ŷǿ˵׼
һȺ˽ͬʱҲʱĿⶼŷҹķ򣬿˻ʲôӦ
ȻĪҲһʱɫʱЩ΢΢˼ֲ԰ס
ôʶīģŷҹʱʵ
ҺǴѧͬѧϵܲģͲ֪ȥ˼һ£̾ͻعװûпĪɣԼ廻˸ǶȣϣԷҲûпԼǰʱպ͸˵ջᣬΪһЩͬѧû뵽ļôǮһʶҪŷҿ¶ˡ
Ǻǣī˻㲻ɣûִӵܵİҲϵԺҲ۸ˡŷҹ뵽һ㡣
ŷ磬˵īĪɻҲȵ
ȻϴŷҹĪɵ¸ˣȥŷҹҲһǲﻹûеףϾԼֻһСԷȴ൱ַӶܰԼһ˸ݺˣεܵܵһ֤
ܳðĪɣֲóȥ鷳ŷҹ⵹һ⡣
Ǹոŷҹ˵ģƺīļĪɻҪһ
Ī˭Ҳ֪Ŀǰ˵쾩ļӦҡμҺͳīҵˣ˵Ī𣿡ŷҹǺЦ
īֻһ˽ŮҪʵؼҿ϶Ҳϲдֵ֧ңҪҲֻĪī
Ǿͺˣһ̾ͷסظոĪɵĳ֣ܾС
û뵽ҲǻԵĻ䣬ǸҲѾߡ


367 ǲ
΢΢һ֮ѸٵػָƽȻ㲻ˣǾ԰ɣ綼ⲻ˸˶Կ
īѣȻ벻Ȼ￴֪ĻҿܾͲˡ˵˵Ҳ˷
ĪȻ߶ԷһҲ˵īѣǳһ¡
īѣֻһ˲֮̾ͷӦʱЦţˣΪ˻쵽ܳΪīѣ㻹û֪֮ΪԼ˭
˵˵īЩ˵ԼûˣīǰǸѧѣǶԷ϶ذĪɸȥڶԷ쾩ҵˣԼһ£᲻Ϊάĸؼҷһ¡
ЩȻҲ֪ұؼҸҲ޶ΪһС¶ؼҸˡ
Щ˼ʹϵǰȻһƵƵһͨŮˡ
ôīΪȥô˵ˣĪ֪ī˵ҲûʲôɵǲǼٵԼ˵ˣ
㡭ȴҲ֪ҪôĪɣһҽΪ˲μѵջᣬûκιϵԶһ
㻹ǲʶడôΪԼһɽӵóҵˣˣǼһǷһǮǮ͹Թ˯ɣ˵һˣ㻨ҲôȥˣǺǡĪЦŵͬʱĿ䵽ŷҹϣСӣ˵һ˻ؼңɣʶģھ͹ȻĻ쾩첻ȥˡ
ĪɣҲǼңΪ쾩ؼҴүŷҹʱԶһӣĿƵ˶ԷϣǱ黹ǶʾԷ
ǿһԼǰŷҹҲδؾͻļ䣬οֻһոҪλĹӡ
֪ؼҵϢҲûȥ飬ǸոһЩ۵ѾеĶ
ǺǣҲǸȻ֪ҵݣ˵һСӣеҵףҲһȫҶ쾩ʱ˿źҵʱ򣬿ɱûиᡣĪɲмؿǰȫ·ٿ鶼ᳬСӣ治֪ôܽġ
ıһаģûи߹㣬㲻Ҫռңǲ𣿡ŷҹȻЦָӡ
㲻ңǸǲ˰ɣЦˣĪЦ
Ȼð𣬱֮ǰļƻеúúõģۿҪԼݵˣƽʱܴıȥûˣ˭뵽Ǽһ涼ҸԼѾˣӻԼ˵ҪȥռңЩǲ
ЦĪڻǲˣ
ǰ˸ЦΪһСڸˣԼ治Ҷ˰ɣؼҵʲôͷС죿ҪһСӶʰˣؼҲ䵱쾩ǵĵҵˡ
仰˵ģ㲢ûзϣܿͻڵġŷҹҲЦԤ֮С
ĪɵɫˣǿҪ˵ĳ嶯ŭҪΪīջᣬҾͲҶ㣬ʵһȥĻһԵʲôҲû㲻ҪΪô˵֤ҵĺƢһֱ֡
ŷ磬߰ɣҾһ˼ҲûСæŷҹ֣ŷҹؼͻŷҹȻδؾܸ쾩Ĵȡ
Ҳ˽磬Ҳ֪ǹֵ֧ԭ֪ϵĻžͲŷҹȲؼˡ
Ǻǣ߿ԣ㲻ߣȻˣͽ͸ůȥɣ׷ôʱ䣬벻СŮһңҪҴñӣӵѾûˣӲģǲ˳ӵģԽҲУҲСĪЩǴչ˵ģҲ˶֪Щ飬ҲܸأҪī֪˿ҲͲˡ
㡭ī֪ˣһϳȻô˵ȴܺ£ĪӲģֻµʱĺ鷳
ŷҹܴ򣬵Ҫؼ˶ˣŷҹܶס
ǺǣҾϲ㺦µӣģеʱ䣬ӻúġĪɴżвЦһתͷŷҹ㻹ʡӸı⡣
ûȥһ˭ʡ˲ǵˣʱ򱻸ϳ嶼пܵġŷҹ˿ûضƱһڣ˹Է˵
װٸװȥҲò˵ҼװƵһĪɺȻָŷҹıӴЦȻΧ˴ʵλڳûʶһλĸӵܰҲʶһ£ҿǶôţ
ڳĪôʣһʱûܻشҲͿŷҹˣֻ˿źû˵ĸôһ
һ£հĪɿû˴𻰣ӵ۾ŷҹ
ŷŷҹҲ⣬Էһ䣬ʹһ䡣
ŷңĪɴӱһʧЦոջװȻһҲ쾩ŷôһż𣿲ҲԣҪ˵ԼӵܣҲŲаǺǡ
Ǻǣŷֻƾһ˵֣Ѿ㹻ƽƽ㣬ؼҵϵүүĹ⣬ȴŸؼһۺôĴǻؼ߳쾩ǣҲֻܹԼ˸Тӵܣֲñ˰ŷҹĪһһ˵
ΪҲҴ㣿ĪԷԽ˵Խţţ϶ƵӣҪؼҶ߳쾩һ־˦ŷҹա
ŷҹ΢΢һӣһƣľƱ˳һ뱭ƶõĪɵϡ
һĪɿɶ˴ӣ˲ɣһľˮؼǷͷʱĶܹ¾ʲô˲ãȥҪŷҹƴ
ҪҲ֣ǸīһЩӣôȥĻҶ㲻ŷҹĪɵһΣȥһҵݣǲˡ
ãҽƫƫҪĪǲˣĪĨһȻһơ
ŷҹûпֵһ£˳ץסԷļһ۽һͣʱǽڴλĪǽˤڵϡ
Ӵ˶ˣҶ֪߶ͻû뵽ԿľȻؼҵĴүһʱ˶ڷ׷ײ²⣬˵ʲôݣȻؼҵ˶Ҷ


368 ī
У˶ûֻ½ؼǸ⣬ҶΪؼһͷ
ͷȷǳˣֻǳ÷ʽе̫ˡ
ĪɵǽȻ˵ע⣬Ҳûʲô˻ȥĪɡڵ˭Ҳ֪ͨʲôͷóȻͷֻᴳ
ΪɶԵˣīںҲ֮ȻҪٵǰһˡ
һĪǺæҲǰϾԺҲˣȻֻĩһ壬Ҫȥ
ش٣ôˣѵǵ̫Сˤһ£īǰʵ
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ŷīתۿŷҹҲ˼֡
ؼͷʢȻǲڳС嶼λŷҲأܿҩʦԼΪĹߣĶӵܣ϶ǰ绢ûɣ˴ˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻȰΪˣش٣λҲҵѣеɣҶԼˣŷīһӣҲشټƽ˰ɡ
Īˣӱ˰ѹͷˣѾﻹ˵ӲҼƽϣӿɲɣ
ҲƽϿԣֻҪӽԺ󣬱ȥɧռҵ˾ͿˣҿԷһŷҹüë
īתԱߣ¶ôҲйϵˣش٣ҵͬѧҲõ֮һôһأ
Īû뵽ôһʱһֱΪţƭţҲֻӲͷƤ˵ˣȻһǸС椶ڣǾ͸֪˵ʲôӣʵҲûʲôһǮϣͬŮѣֿСӣһ߿ֲϰǮңҲһʱߴЩ
˵ʲôʱͬŮѣԼɣ˺ҵܵܣҰֽĸ˵ʲôֻҪҸ㣬ͳǮһծʵһ˵ݵģҴûдӦ㣡̾ͷ˵īҲ֪ǲĿˣҲ֪ûȨߣԺܱǸջҿûа취ٴȥˣףտ֣ˣ
Сһ¡īҲǼŮӣһĶʲôè壬¶ģ벻ŷҹȻͷ֮ʲôϵ벻ѵŷС
ô˵ڶҪԼĺһ
ش٣СǷǮīɫƽѾ뿪ɣﲻǺܻӭ㣡
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֪ǣ浱Ȼ˵飬ͬģҲһԭΪŷҹĲ̬ȡ
˵ŷҹΪжߣģƾŷҹóִȵϴ赤Ѿ㹻˵ŷҹĺ̨жԶԶһؼܱȵϵġ
ʱĪǱˣû뵽īȻôӣƴ󣬿ؼҲɣؼҸκһҴ鷳ǻ൱ܵġ
ǶԷȻΪһСӣһѾͷȻ͸Լ治Īɷﰡ
ŮǷˣȷȻѾ˺ĪҲٹ˼ī
ô˵īҲһ˽ŮȫأԼؼҵĵճүδؾͻΪһ˽Ůؼֲ졣
ֻҪǸûģҾ֪һթƭģ˵ǲϷģǾ͵ϷͥɡīҲ壬Ե˵
ôܺϷһԸһԸҸʱΪһͲҷͶؼңǸˣҲδؾ˵ؼʲô
棬ؼһְ취ܰһڵü
īһǾͲͬˣؼܶԸȴδؾܶԸīⳡīҪĪòʲôôˡ
ݣƣĪȻûˣټһֱ۸ûҲҪϽȥҽ
ллīĪˣҲһ
˵ģôҵջܱ۸īһתû˵أôʶŷģһ
˵ŷ磿īһֱŷҹΪŷ˹ϵûԼô죬ҴǰڷɻϿŷβպһҵܵܿġ
ŷ磿īҲƺζظһ飬ĶСϷʣСɣ۹˧ɣ
ȥġһڣ΢죬˴ǰѣ˵ȻǺģ͵͵ŷҹһۣԹȥȾˣСʣأôʶģ
Ǻʶˣһֱ׷ңȻҲϲһξμҵջᣬȻҾҪıˡīɵ˵
ⷬһð춼ûзӦ
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īȴһЦŵӣƭˣһֱжԷŷҴǰһͻѡ
ѽǵģǸǰһЦ˶Էһۣ֪ԼԷϷˣˡ
ǻ̫ںŷˣ˵û˼Ҷˣϣīʵ
ǸҡֻǡʵЩ˼ȴסŷҹķȥ̾˿ʵֻһԸҾŷһϲңûϲ
ɣ㲻˵ֻ𣿡īԷĳˣе˼ˡ
ʵһƫصŮֿ˧۷ǵĻŮһһû뵽λôϲһˣһôԱϲš
ʵҵڲףϲһָоҪϤŷ磬ÿοܻúаȫУϲһ֮ĸоɣ̤֮ʵͷ룬ȴЩȻҲоҸŷһˣȥ׷Ҳ뵽ȥ
ţҲɡī֪ŷҹĹݣȻҲֻܶ鲻ÿɷˡ
ҾáǵЩʡ˵仰ʱЩˣΪʵܲ뿴ֺʵ鷢е˽Ƶġ
Ǻǣ㻹֪ҵݣ쾩ҵ˽ŮīҲ̾˿ûб£Ҳܳҿܸңڣûа취Լ޸˭ġ
īĿ⿴ڳЩҵӵܣƺҲī˼ջᣬīӴҵ˼Ҳ˵īʼնΪҸһĳ룬ֻǸһС
ôĻīԼɶûˣԼ뻹֪ȥѡܶˣֻȴЩүСүһûϲģҲֻȦﷴ
٣СѾԸǲܽȥ˶Ĭʱſȴ


369 ƢĹ
ʲô飬С˵˵ĲĪɣǰһˡ
ⲻؼҵػ𣿡̾ϳ˭Īôһ򣬰ϵҪҳַҲ̫˵ɣ
⵹ǲڰɣؼţҲĸҷǲԼұŤ𣿡ǲţؼҲģôҲҪȹԼĵλ˵ھ͸ҷǲԼҴ̼ұϾôļˡ
ҷ׷ײ²ʱؼһˣѾ˴УīҲ첽ߵ˽ǰ뿴ԷҪʲô
īһҴĪҪʲôѿֻ϶ҵĶ֣ǷҲؼһػָɫ԰ףڲͣлŵĪɵ
īһ۶ԷӣȷǼװģŷҹһۣһҲЩֻԷڳŶҲ֪˶٣춼һûͣ˶ˣȴһµӡ
ҵѿҲʧֵĵطղŵľҶȷشȶ֣ԷҲֻǷһ¶ѣӦò˵öذɣīҲûѻ˵ֻ̫ҧסĪȶһ㡣
ػһȻЩһóһͷ׵ˣλŵĳϣպҲؼҵĹ˵ӿһɡ
īؿˣȻҲ֪ţؼй֧Ҳֻ֣С¶ͰѾصĹδҲе̫С˰ɣ
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ұ˳ӣѵҪһĪǸ
˵ǽŵĳôһǽŵģǸƢHello KittyܰԼκҲˣž֪˵˵˵˵ƨɣȰǸСӸ˵Ҳ١
ĸĪɵģԼվԶ֣ؼ˲ȶ֡ػл˼ȻҶӸղȶ֣ҲδؾĴ
˵̶ֳȣһŵĳվīҲû취ٵȥֻŷҹķȥ
ʱŷҹҲĨĨ죬վ컹֣شôֻˣո֣ԺһǺѣһˣ
īһӣеЦˣһûаǰĳ浱¶ԼҲˡ
֣СӣңҡӴˡĪſŷҹһȺָ
СӣܸղŷʲôҶԲƽϣҪ̾κҵĶӣȻؼҾưոݵġػֻôһӣɵǱòˣҪȻҲôˡ
ԲƽϣҿɲܲƽϣӸղвѣ˵ҪӲģһҳִңЩô㣿ŷҹʵ
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ܼ򵥣ҵѵǸҰѴǰ޳ֶܵĸһʹ֤Ӵ֮ҲȥɧҵѺˣҿԿǸκáŷҹЦЦ
ܱ֤κãػ֤
ոλͬյĹҲ˵ַأҳֵ˺Ϊػܲõ
ǵȻǼȻѾˣǵǸ֮βĶӣ鷳𣿡ŷҹЦôǿһ£еʱ䡣
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ãҴӦ㣬βҶӣһúġػ˵
ŷҹĿĪɣԷȴǺûغʲôŲҰ
ǺǣλûʲôǸĳⰡбҵ˵ɡŷҹ̯̯֣ҲϸΣ̬ȣҺκ֮سŵѵ鷳
ҿػߣҲûдʲôƨŵҲòȰ¶Ӧһתͷǳӵ˼ҵǸԺٸûͷûβ飬Ҳȣ
ĪɿϵѾˣԼʵ۵ܲˣֻȵͷԲҲԣǸұ֤Ӵ֮Ҳȥ鷳
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һ£ʵôֻѾ̶ֳȣܻˣҲûа취ֻ΢΢ͷֻҪԺҲɧҺҵļˣҲٳʲôԸǵ⣬˰ɣŷ㻹ǸκǸϿ߰ɡ
ŷҹͷ˲ֱ֣ͬһһͣٶ֮죬ͿõʲôַȻոջ۵ֱеĪȴѾָȵԼĸ첲
ΪκˣҲҪָܻʱȥŮˣǼȻôͺˣǾ͸˵ˣйֳţҪѶǸСӸУĪ쾩ǻôȥ
߰ɣס˵Ļŷҹż˻˻֣ʾǿ뿪ˡ
ǺǣҶӸСŮˣҶӵ飬ѵôˣػĶӣҲʹģĪû뵽ԼûзϰѾڸͷˣʱҲ
Ҵҵĸ첲첲жҾͲأĪЦ
ؼ壬֮ǰ鱾ش£ɧҵѣھߵĻԺī԰ǵѣôȥͱҪͿˡīʱҲվ
ȻѾվȻҪվ׵ģȻ֮ǰĸͶʾ͵ǰ׷ˣīȲϲĪɣֶŷҹмֺ棬Ϊķ棬ܿŷҹ۸
ǴңǴԼ˵ЩػЩʵ
īֻһ˽ŮѾһܣҪ˵īܴңȻǲ̫ܵġ
ֻһ˵Ļһ˵ķȻػﻹʲô
īȻֻһˡīҲΪ⣬һ˸û˿ϵĻԲӡ
⻰˵ҲӲʩīȻܸûйϵҪȻҲôСӵܶջˡ
ϵ˭Ҳ˵ȻϵӵܣҵүӾǷǳϲŮҲ˵׼ܸӡ¶еˡ


370 ٳˮ
ȻҾͲòڰػʸˣ˴ҵĶӣҾһҪһѵ˭⣬ǹػһҧôҲȥ
ؼλŲ̶һʱ䣬ŵʱһûôأһҵ˽Ůˣպʲôŷģ۴ķˣһˣʹؼĵλʵˡ
нŵ֧֣պҪƾͷȥ׬ǮֻǻһΪ˾ǸѾͷͻһ£Ҳֻϧˡ
ҿ´һǲҪ嶯ΪãһжǸᣬֺαŪ̫ѿһֱûô˵ʱſڣվؼһ߶ǵ˺С
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СӴң㻹æĪȰ⻰˵˳
ҲǿЦʱſǧ¶ҪСģ쾩ǿһԻĵطԼĵλȣҲΪؼҵԭǿС
ףؼôͲأҹҲֻػؼҶѣɲǸؼֵġ
Ѿ˵ˣ黹Ǵ»СĺãؼҲֵ̫ɣûа취ֻðؼ˳
ػҲֻ£ļϰ֣ǵһرŰˡ
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Щ飬ؼȻῼǣŵòؼҵĹҲ޷˵ǮƣЩ̫ˣֻؼ˸ࡣѾںԵѣǸĪɵһ֣ǲҪǶһôҲûС
ֻЩҲ˵ϾҪԼɺؼҵء
ȻҾԼְɡҲ֪ػɵҲҪȻҪȥŷҹ
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ټƽʱûʲô˸Ҷ֣ҲһԼҲһֵϰߡ
ؼ־ûʲô۵ļ壬ȻǿλҲҲ㹻񣬵ǼеӵԶûжԼʶǵĹǵĴ֣˭ӦǴ˭ģȻҪڼʲô
ǷڱɣһЩŵŵӣпܾͰŴˣ㲻ںҲںһšһǫ͵ˣֵõŵУһҪؼҺãҲͬʱάŸؼ֮ĹϵŰٰȰԷ˼ҷǲ顣
ۿػ첽ǰҪŷҹ֣ϸǴ󼱣֣
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϶ȻҲѸ٣֮ѾŷҹǰػһƸ
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ʱԼҪٲ֣ǿɾЩ̫ˣԼϾҲؼεĹۿؼ˱ǿɾ˵ȥˡ
ô룬ػ鰡һȥҴˣǰң㼸˼
濴ֵҲǿúܻ֣ؼǺոλŪ˸˵еĹŵĹţ棬һתԼҵ˸ˣٺ٣пͷ
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Ǵһµģȴǰ˸Ѽȥˡ
ҲǿЦⱾ⣬⣬㲻ҪȥˣӲԣҲܸΪôͲء
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ػˣģתȥΪҪأΪԼļкãû뵽ȻöԷǸ
ǸиëðëǸ
ŷҹЦЦΪ˵ĻǶԷڸոһʱһʮεַѸٵصһŵҩԼ
ȻҪ˵˼ֻǵҪìܣȻԼǸڰһŵҩΪԼĲ⹩ݶϣҲˡ
ȻؼҲһܳɴµˣŷҹϵǶ˼ֺøУϲãǷǣԼΪ۸ˣĹˣҲ˺ܶ۸˸үˡ
ǽŵĳϰɣŷҹûлӦϵĻЦʵ˵һĹûпǽѾԶ֮ˣǲǣ
һ£µòԷڹ֪ûǺ֪ǽŵˣôƵĸ˵ȻԷͷҲ϶С
ǣҲǹͬڽŵ̧ٵģȻɣǸɵĲ໹ǲСԵŬǫ
ܲǽźܲŷҹͷ΢Ц쾩ĹʵһǵѡǸʲôţģǲ֪ҪǶٵ鷳ŶҲԣţĻҲнˡ
Ƥ鴤һ£һ˵ԼŵָһʵЩȻţɻһ£˵ţȻ࣬Ҳôɡ
˵ţĻûнˣʲô˼ţʶҲ֪
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ʸ¿ŷæӹعʵ
ǺǡŷҹûлشֻЦЦʵǽŸؼѾԼ𣿡
ؼҵ˼ŻдȶϴʱѾȫȷˣĶͷеðҿԼľٶǺûԴһȾΪؼҵĹȥƴҪĻſɾͻԼˡ
㿴ؼûгΪʸ񣿡ŷҹŶԷԼʵʸʲô˼
ؼΪ˿ֻͣǡεؿһػô˵أ


371 ˵
ԭǾͼȶɡŷҹҲػһۣ˳ɨһĪɣǻһˣͻһѡˡ
ǡҿҲǣȻŷҹѾ˵ˣȻҲҪԼ̬ȣһؼһ£ʵڲУҲֻô͵ȥˡ
Ǻǣ޷ȥ̸ɣ̸ɣȥԨŷңȥҵĹɣǽΣŷҹЦ
Ҳңϴϲ
ŷҹĹȻǲҪ⻰Ҫ׽ôһϵͺܲˡ
û뵽Ĳɾ˺£֮ϲ˵ؼңʲô࣬û١
֪ŷҹһ仰ķж
ػҲ̾ʹˣܵؼҵˣǳ֮⣬ҲһӣȻһ۾ͿŷҹĲ֮
ýŵĳ϶ôɵĶܲ²Էֻ˵Щʲôֲ
ϡʱȻɻ󣬿Ҳ֪Ҫôźˣֻ̣ŵ˵˭㡣
顭Ͽ˿ǸӣĪɻҪ˵ӣ񲻰ŷҹͲưոһʱҲεҡҡͷǺΪ֮ɣȻǾܣҲͲˣȥؼ˵֮ҿܾʹ˻ɽҲǸӾҪˣΪ֮ɡ
ݣĪػ󺧣׶ԷҪǼүȥʩѹˣѹƺԶǸģΪǸոĽ顣
ʲôݣûУˣػȴĵŶӡ
ҡĪҲˣһСӻò飿˻ܷȥ
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ܱܲһ֣Ҳ֪ʲôػŷҹȻʧԼӡ
ŷҹŷҹֻǺƽ˵Լ֡
ŷҹǸΪҲλؼ˵ԭȻһҲ̵֪ŷҹ
ˣҿûа̵˵ǸŷҹӦþˡŷҹЦЦ

һȫһ£˭Ҳû뵽ò˵СӣȻǰ쾩һŻңɱʱ쾩һŹҲͬʱҸԵŷҹ
ǲ֪ŷҹɵ飬ҵȴû˻᲻֪
ǣīҲ΢΢ˣ֪ŷҹͬ죬Ҳ֪˵ȫǽŷҹһֱƺΪŷҲûŷŷҹȻҺɵģͬһˡ
ػˣĪɵˣ֪֪Ҫǰ֪˶ٱôǱŷҹˣ
ԵǵͷʲôǼֱ̫Ҹˡ
еؼٵлػ֪طǴȥˣٴȥֻȡ衣
žͲˣ˵ǵǸȻҪȥ鷳Щϣɡŷҹظһ¡
֤ұ֤ȥɧǧ˲С˹ŹҡҿʲôҲûĪЩ˵
ǺǣȻǸٹҪӲöࡣŷҹҡҡͷһŹӣҲҪı£ϵ治֪ȵʲôûеÿʱҪôٻȥˡ
һúụ̀ܽŹؼһػѾûʲôˣŷҹǰǵĺ̨ɶοһؼҵء
ӦѾҵ˼ûؼҵĴ㣬ǸǲҪΪǲĵˡŷҹҡҡͷûٸ˵
лػ̾˿֪ԼĵλǲˣǴʱȥŷҹҲʲôýֻԼѿԻǴŶ뿪Ϊá
ؼҸˣʣµĴСĹӸǶˣԭǴ˵ŷҹʱĪ˵ƾһ˵֣ܸļƽƽǶЩЦڿ˼ǫˡ
ƾһ֣¾ҪļҲƨƨ۶ܹ
ŷҹûҴ󣬵ܸһ壬˵ΪңֱӴ壬˭У쾩Ҳŷҹһݶˡ
ŷҹЩҲҪͽᣬҲǺʢһʱû˭ǰ׽ġ
ŷ벻㾹Ȼôһݡīûʲô˼ɣΪˣ˽ŷҹΪˡ
Ǻǣҿɴûع㲻Ҳ֪ҵ𣿡ŷҹЦ
īϣȷ֪ģŷҹƬղذ棬ֻ֪һ£ҰǸ˺µŷҹϵһһˡ
ŷ磬᲻ؼҸˣʱ򲻻鷳ɣǲ֪ô飬ֻŷҹһӶûиԷôݵķʽԷ϶취ġ
Ǻǣ̫Сŷ̶ȣ˵ؼңټҺμңҲû˸鷳ˣȻǵļǶԲ·˯žˡīЦŸЦͬʱҲɫذѳƺˡ
û뵽ŷҹô󣬵֪Ϣ֮ƺû̫˵ĸоԽŷҹľԽԶԭΪֻһɣȴǱʮɣҲò˶ãҲŷҹӰˡ
ŷ磬һ쾩Ҫ𣿡Ȼɵ顣
ǰɣʵѾˣҿܺܿͻ뿪ŷҹͷʱ䵽ԨȥУԸҴ绰ʱҾǲڣҲ˽ӴǵģͲõٱʲô۸ˡ
ŷ磬Ҳ˵ǰĵҩһƵ𣿡īҲһԼĵ⡣
ôѧҩŷҹʵ
ðŷԸ̵ĻҾԸѧīϲ
ԣѧĻҲҪѧѵġŷҹʼ磬īҲǴûС
ΪŮƯڸֹϵ;Ӫϣźܲı£ٱǸ⺺ǿˡ
ûϵ⼸ҹĳɼҲѧӦǹˡīҲܴ󷽵Ц
˵ĲѧĻҪȥӢɽһţĿǰɼûκεԴҪƸȥǣȻΪرأһҵҩȫ̸㣬ʣ˵Ҳһŷҹ佱
˵ģȥˣĿϽңīٴȷϵ
ֻҪȥҵȻֵõ棡ŷҹӦ
ãʲôʱߣҸһȥīһ̾Ͷӡ
ŷҹҲû뵽ôɴࣺøҵһ𣿶㱾ĹƺҲ˵Ͷɡ


372 褳
ǺǣǵȻˣҵĹ͸ˣֻҪ˵ȥŷҹŷĵطȥæֻǰͲϾͷɹȥءīЦ
ŷҹҲˣŮܸŷҹùϵ飬˵ҪīС檣ֻҲúܡ
һԵЩĽҲīģڵظŷҹһȥһطҲֻͨѣÿ춼ֻܿҪְĵĸоͻڡ
ǺðɣҾߣʱһȥӢɽһһȥɣ϶·İȫġŷҹ˵
ҲǺܳԿҪȹ֮ܽҩīװЩ
Ǻǣһ»ŷҹҲԷֻǸЦڳԵʦģպǻᲹġ
ιιιֻ˵Ҫѧҩѣû˵ҪʦģҲǱһеģҪ֪ˣǿ϶Ҳͬ⡣ⴿϹ˵ҪϢ֪жԸ⡣
ɡŷҹҲû⻰ʦʦģҲ治⣬ֲҩΪġ
СûȤһȥȻŷҪ˰æ㲻Ҳһŷľ֮𣿡īǿ£һߥ޵ʵǱĻһˡ
ŷҹЦīʲô˵Ǹ˵ģǷǡ
ɫ΢һ£̾ҡͷˣ˰ɣݹ
ǹѵһӣǻҲ˵ˣǸʲôĵˣ˵Īֻ֮ˣҪҵĻˣǻԲ·ġī̸ɡ
Ҳ⣬Ҫ˵һµġɲīϣ
ī˵ҲûеĻӦò̫ʺȥӢɽﶼһЩˣЩ˴򽻵ҲóԨҵҩ˾вٸһˣţȥȽϺʡŷҹһ˼⻹һ⣬ܵܵĹҲȥԨ㸸أҪĻҩһйصģҩĹӦ̣ʱһҽչһ£ѹغܿ͹ȥˡ
ŷҹΪǣȻҲΪȥҲҽҲÿæòУ˾һ棬ԼܰæһˣŷҹŻῼǰҵҲŹȥҲǴӲæԺҲ˵Լ˦ƹˡ
ҿһ°ɣҧҧ촽˵
ŷҹǺܺõģīղ˵ЩҲȷʵ⣬ҲɵЩĶֻЩҪġ
ŷҹҲûжߣ˵öˣԼͼˡ
ʱȥŷҹرһؼҵػѾؼҵˣһ𣬱ǲ쾩ȥЩܱ߹ؼҵļⱲӶٷ쾩ڽμĶػʣһҾ˴ĹʧҲСһЩ
ϣʵ㲻ظ˵ЩҶؼʲôӣûжģǸ竣˼㣬ֻҪǲǵҵѣ۸ߵˣҲȥǣ˶ѡŷҹ˵
ϵͷʾԼס⻰ȻŷҹҲʥˣȥµĲƽ£϶ǹܲ˵ģֻԼˣҲһְ취ɡ
ֻҲ֪⻰ô˵Ҫвƽǰλ˹ɲһΪԼˣͲæŷҹ˵ҲʵԹܲƽΪĿ꣬춼׷ŹЩû˵ֻҪ޹صģȥܡ
ϵŷҹһЩŷҹȴͻȻӵԨĵ绰绰ʱ
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ѩͬѩʱȥ˶֣褴ֻϲԼһ˴ڷʱڣоҩġ
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ӵ绰ʱŷҹüͷ壬̾͸ī˵һ´Сߵĵ绰ʲôʱȥӢɽǻٵ׼Ԩˡ
ŷ᲻ħɱ˵˳ˣС߱ħɱģȻף˵ڵħɱһѾ֪㻹ţҵʧˣǻǶǵ鷳ֱڻûһⱾͲϳǿ϶оϣ̫ѣǾʹӲץˣܱƵʧȥ磬ΪһЩΣյľٳû㡣
ŷҹͷƲǺܺģӦôǻһûͷ
ҸŷһԨɣҶħɱ˵ַҲ˽һЩܰһЩæС߽
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С߾һ£ŷҹ˼άȻ˲һħɱˣҪôȻҪħɱ˳׳òǷˣŷҹǸҪɱһ
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һֱֵĻ˵ħɱ˻ǾԼѾҲ˵ϾЩƳ涼ѾˣħɱѾûбķʽ֪Լ
뿪쾩һŷҹֱɽߵġȻΪ֧ọ̈̄ҲֻҪϢһ¾ͿԼ·ȷɻҪ˺ܶࡣ
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Ϣ𣿡ŷҹʵ
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ҲסŷҵıֻΪͨܰ󲿷ʱ䶼¥ϲԺܶʱҶѾĴڣֻҪ»ʱ򣬲Ż褸æһЩ
Ϊڵ趼褸ŷҹ˵İ취ġ
褵ķţֻ룬ûһ˿ңҲ褵ϰߡ
ֻڵɢһЩǵҩģһֻҩ룬ȥǲ黹ûȥʰ


373 Ƶĺ
˶𣿡ŷҹʵ
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ӦòᣬԷҪɱˣѾˣɱˣ𵽸вЧȻ褴ߣһûҪɱŷҹȻҲȴûʧȥǡ
šŷٻҲ֪ʲôҲûãֻܿŷҹ᲻µķˡ
ŷҹ뷿֮ϸرŷϢΪ֮ǰѾ˲ˣЧô룬ҪͨϢ˭褣ȻҲһܵ顣
ɢҩģ겻ǺıɳΣҲûʲôѣпֻڴæ֮䣬ܶԷֶΣŻҩ
ԡɳΣɳΣɱħɱˣ
ŷҹ󱳵ĺëȻЩ
͸뵽ҪѼ˰һӱյĵطȻ᲻ٴη˭Ҳ֪
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ħɱ˵ĿֻԼҲδؾͻ褶֣ȻҲȷˣȷˣֻܵŶԷһĻᶼûС
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룬ŷҹһԾϷɽѸٵسžֶȥ
ҲʶŷҹˣʱһλԨĴӢۣȻ˾֣֪̾ΧҪλŷú䡣
֪Ϊ²Źʱ򣬴Ҳ
Īˣڼأ˵ǸҸһӣûаⶫңҲûзŵ֤ΪĿǰûа취֤ǶǲǸйءһᾯԱشŷҹ
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ĪȴϵתŽԼڻĪϵ˪
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ĪͻȻ춯ǿϢӵȻһֹϡɣԶŵϢڶͬʱϢƺڶս⣬֮ϢĺƴŷҹҲ޷ġ
죿ŷҹӾȵĪΪһӵıĪʱȻѾﵽ˾ľء
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ŷҹԴǵһԼ֮ʶˣ˵ʶ֮òƱԼҪǿ󣬲ȻǿҵѹȣƺǻһĶ

ڵĽʤаΪааҲһӰ˵־
һûãΪԷĽҲһǿ󣬶Էʶ֮ԼҪǿаֻӰ첻ˣԼҪܵаɷϢˡ
ƽ࣬ܵõǰʵ֮տ¬Ǿ͸ˣôҲǿӦɡ
οźɽҲΪؼʱ̲õġ
˿ܣܶԷʲôطŷҹͬһӦ㣬ҲǱܲΪⷿĵط̫СֻҪһܣ̾ͰĪ¶ŷҹʵһܵĻᶼûС
һʱ䷿ﶼǽӰ⣬˶ʮĬؿţýȥ̫࣬Էû˵ֻ¶ȴһ㽵
ϢŷҹɻţϵıϢȻոĪϵʮƣ


374 ħŴ
ŷҹͷֻһΪԷĽ֮죬˼̫ࡣ
һأŷҹƾȡһƣڱСĿռҪֹĪ˵ķʽڸԷԹ
˵Ϊʵŷҹ֮ϣÿһεıײŷҹоһǿҵɱ⽣뵽ԼƤָоʮܣƫƫҪȥ

һײ֮УŷҹɻҲԽԽʢǰѽϵɱ֮أȴһаϢûУΪɱ¾ԲմȾκϢ
Ҳǽǳһ񽣣ڸذ׶̽ײ֮䣬ȴһ˶ռɼѽҲǷǳġ
ŷҹⷽмңȻҲעŶԷıһָоĵھŰѽ񽣣ѽɾġ
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ͬʱĴҲֻ֣ܰѶԷĹƻһͬʱԼѾĪǰװ
˵ٶҲ죬ǰһй֮޲ȻɽǱܸ֪ΣգæӽȥģҲȻǧһ֮ѷɽķɡ
΢΢һܹ˴ģɱĶ̽˲˹
ŷҹһβǱ޿ɱܣָһڽѾǰɶԷʽҲʮֵ꣬бﴩ˹һ㣬ŷҹһ첲ҪҪǶĻĪһûˡ
ѾóѣŷҹҲò̾һħɱ˵ɱ֣ɱǼһѡĵصʱֶΣҲãѾ˺ܶ顣
˵ŷҹأǵҲδءҪ֪ĺ⽣ڿɲֻһͨıһѿŷҹָӵķɽ
ͨıķɣȻղˣɽҲֻʱıһķѡȫɱʱ򣬷ɽѾŷҹָ֮£ն˵ĺ󾱴
˲Ǹ֣ͻı仯ȻӦΣѸһͬʱ䣬ɴ̱һǳŷҹĿյҪһĸ첲
ڽһ񣬶ԷĶ̽ʱƹ˼ֻ֣ǿŷҹƤҲ̾Ѫ֣ȾŷҹһƬ졣
ѪȻǰģɽɱûЧȴǶ㲻ŷҹһš
ŷҹȻ׳ܵģһţ˵ʱߵƺһȥ
ķӦҲһֻǵٴ̧ͷʱһؽѾѹĲϡ
ħɱ˵ɱ֣ŷҹ˿ûвµѪҺʵ
ΪʲôһҪʲôˣ˴ʵص
ƺֲҰɣŷҹؿŶԷ˿ûоȻһŮԵĶħɱ˵ʲôˣ֪֪ǵڶֲĹƳ棬ǵǰǵΪĹߣϧ˹ơ
ħɱУֻɱ֣ûŮʹӸոնԷһĲŷҹһ۷ֻһ
ŷҹҲұ֤һΣͲᱻԷԵǸŮ˾ͷ˾ĻǵʱôĶ֪ˡ
㾹Ȼ֪Щô˵ҵĲ²ǶԵģһɳϾźСûǱ۾һĿƵؿŷҹѾҵЩƳİ취𣿡
ΪĻ͵Ҫشҵ⣬ȻΪƾʲôΪڵĹƳ棿ŷҹƽ˵
ȻӦģģҼȻ֪ܽƳ棬Ǿʱ㡣Ůɱƽ˵ҽƳ֮ǰᣬΪû˱ҸֹƳ
ŷҹ˶ԷĻûգǺ͵ص˵ͷ
Ҫ˵Լŷҹ֣ŷҹҲ϶ţڵĻŷҹ㹻̹ϡ
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˭ŷҹĽȻûջأΪʵ̫ССķΧ֮ڣʵûаٷְٵİܱĪİȫԻһԼĿ֮ڱȽϱգ˵ڵħɱ֮˶棬ĪǵǸħɱ
Ů΢΢һ£ƺû뵽ԷһӾͲµԼݣ˲Ҳƽ˵û˱ҸֹƳΪԼֹƳ棬ôħɱ䵽˱˵Ŀ֮С
ô˵һ֪Լŷҹʵ
֪ˣ֮⣬ȫѾˣֻңڵҪȶһ¾棬ԲŻᱻŮɱִ
²ԭɡŷҹĿħŵĴߣ
Ůɱ΢΢һ£ƺû뵽Ҳ˷ˣƺڶԷǰһܶסһ
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ħŵӣǸɱöıǩϵһǹ仹ɣʮ˵ǿħߡ
ƺҲûʲôѵģħɱ˵ϣҲħŵӵĹϢԲ³֡ŷҹ˵
ŮɱȴȻ⣬ΪħЩṳ̂ˣżȻҲûоʲô֣ŷҹڵȻ󣬵δؾֱܷħŵӵϢɶԷֻǼ֮󣬾ֱܷ棬ʵ̫ˡ
з⣬ŷҹҲȥ͡
ģҶħŵӲûʲôų⣬ֻҪǲңҲ˭ƴһ㲻ôšŷҹԷɫûзΪǵԼħŵݹȥ
ȻԷ֮󣬵΢΢ࡣ
ŷҹ˵õҲģΪԼǽŴˣȻҲħȴһ磬Щ˰ǽſã׺ħҪų⣬ʦļ˵ǼֱƲֻҪԷԼĴУ̾ͻȺ֮
ԭ֪ƺһͳͶɣûͼȥı
ҵǺ֪Ī϶ʲôֽţΪʲôҲиһŷҹ仰ʱеؽ΢΢ѹѹƺڸԷѹ
ŮɱֳĬһ£ûзʲô֮󣬲Ż̧ҵԼڲ
ŷҹһֱڷֹŶԷˣʲôթĿתضŶԷǵڲժһ˲䣬΢΢һ¡
ŮɱֿҲֻʮͣ⵹ûʲôĪĳϣȻ߳ɵƶȡ
ŷҹĪҲˡ


375 Ī
֮Īǰ㡭㡭˭
Ůɱ̾һҽĪƣ뿪ʱֻ꣬벻һξôˣ׼ȷ˵һְ衣
ȻѾ϶ǵԷ˵ʱĪһеţҡͷܣѾˣڹ¶Ժġ
ĪҲĬһ£֪ҲʲôڵʱҲûбѡҺϽĹħѪʱ֪ж׷ɱңҲ뿪ģֻµǶֻܰѵʱ¶Ժܱס㣬ΪѪûпֻҪҵߣʱ˷쳣
Īı֪һǲģŮ˵ģȴôһ¡
˵ĪϵĺĹħѪھѣŷҹȵ
ĪƵͷѪѣػ֮£ѪҪͻȻѰȫö࣬Ȼʱʣ֪˵׷ɱ㲻ĻȻһѹعȥû뵽ͻȻԼİ취ĪΣȻĻ治֪Ҫôźˡ
ŷҹְѽһգȻѾ˵̶ֳȣһѽѹŶԷδҲе̫ˡ
ҲŷҹȷŶԷû˵ѣԲôġ
Īļ򣺡ղ˵ǡȷȲѡ
ĪЩãȻȻԼۣһ£ŷҹļϲվȡ
ЩΣƺǴҶû˱Ļ˵ˡҪͽƺҲ̫ܡ
ΪʲôֳˣĪͻȻ̧ͷֱĪƣѵֻרҵѪ
ʵȻȷŮ˾ԼĸףȻƾļѾҲӰ񣬵ȴĸµƬһֱϧĸÿһƬֻһʱ޷ȥܶѡ
ֻһ¡Īƿŷҹӳ֮󣬱չؼ꣬˾죬ħɱˣΪܵؼӻİߣȴû뵽Ȼ׹ŵ˹ƣԼٶɣȻҲ㣬ֻǰƵ˻һΣȴǸҪңѧϰħŹˣɱŷҹģҵȻҪ㣬ֻû뵽㾹ȻŷҹСֹϵ
Ī˵ĵȻ˵ܹϵĪڶֻһ˯£ɿŷҹϣȴһûвȻĸоŷҹ֮ǰҲԼΪҲҪİ취ĪЩȻǿġ
ҡĪʶԼŷҹ֮ľٶЩˣæǰƿһ㣬ػԼص㲿λǣǡҾɱŷҹģȻһӶԭ㡣
ĪƿЦһ£ɵѾͷȻҲٽ裬ôȥ˺ϲˣ˵ŷҹܰڹƳҸɱҲˣŷҹʵҲͲɱ˵ģΪ˻㣬ɱҵĻ͸˺ܶࡣ
⻰ȻĪƲܵ£ĪһܣǾŷҹҲ˵ܰѶԷ¡
˵ŷҹϲˣĪɫ΢΢һ£ǼȻĪѾʾŷҹȴǷ
ȻɱңǸ褵Ůǲǵµ֣ŷҹʵ
ʵ⣬ҲĿġ
ץˣĪ΢΢һ£ȻҲܸоŷҹ褵ŮʮֹģΪħŵߣҲûжֳʲô졣
ʵ绹ħţֻҪʵǿˣһмŮҲģû˻ȥƽ
ȻҲеΪŮĵλǿֻֻһŮˣԲŻάһһ޵˫޵£ֻڳǿߵϣȴǺٳ֡
ֻҪʵǿһĳ̶ȣƱؾͻŮӵǿŮ޶࣬Ҳ顣
˲ץģҲųħɱһ˵նΪ˴ﵽĿģκ飬ŵʱ˿ûвģֱһȡҵ֮ȴ̾ڸֵ˹ƣ֮죬ֶ֮ݣһûп˱ġĪô˵
Ī˵ֳõһ֪ڻڲڣŷҹתͷʵ
ڡĪ֪ŷҹΪ褵ʧٲԼģ΢΢ᣬǼæҳǼµСǵʱڷĴҵ˽ٳ褵ʱ򣬴Ӵͽϵġ
ŷҹֻǶһµĴɫ«ȻʲôķҲһ˿һ֪ߵĶ
ֻ«ʲôҲûУԿԷ
«𣿡ŷҹĪʵ
Էħɱ˵ˣôпܼľĪˡ
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ŷҹͷ⵹ģ˵ĪѾħɱ˵ˣ㻹ǵʱŪϡеķһʱ뵽Ŀ϶ôԼʵֻҪҪĶȻǲ׾ͽħɲ֯ġ
ôһûа취ȷݣĪ˵ģǸħɱ˵ιҲڴħɱļһпܻŷҹﶯ֣Ҳ䵽Щ˵
ȥңȴȫ֪ˡΪЩѾĪƵ£ȻҲĪָˡ
ڵĹƳ˵ɡŷҹҲûʲôȥһˣҲͲ֪ȥĶңĪһЩƳ棬Ҳ֪ʲôʡ
ԼȴĪĸױƳ溦Ļǿɾźˡ
áĪȴֹ취ȥ̽һ£ڰҵĹƳħɱ̾ͻ֪Ǳ˾ˣѾˣѾʧܣ»̾µİ취
޷ھһҲҪϼѣ˵ΪȻߵͬСҲΣյһΪֹƳ쾳ʱ򣬾ҲƲ㣬ֻ㻹ûͻƵʱ򣬰Ϊһɵܵõĺôŷҹ͵ܲ񣬶ֻбƳɵ³ȥٴκϢǶֻ⵽ƳķɣԷǲٵȥˡ
Ī⻰Ҳ΢΢ģæŷҹǿһ°ɡ
ĪƳŮһۣæת˱ȥ֪Ҳ̫ոյĻ͸ŶԼĹģѾ㹻ˡ


376 ɷħɷ
ֻҪٻȥǾкܶʱŮԭԼϾҲ̫ȲѡЩһֱٱϣˣΪԼյĽǱƳɶȴɱûУΨһĵľǲ֪Ů᲻ᰲá
ڣϣȻܱʵĪһӶһ裬ֻҪҲ㹻ˡ
ŷҹҲû¾鿴ʼĪƳ档
ĪƵΪǿһЩڵĹƳҲ͸СʱǴĪڣѹƳȫ˳
źһںɫĹƳ涼ڻȼ֮£˻ţĪֻĸо
ˣҺȻ뵽һ飬ħҪħŵĴ֮أħɱħɱˣħŵĹΪܽ붫ħ֮У̳ħŵĴͳ֮ǰҲõϢħϾͻħɱʱ򣬾ðٴķգҲһĪͻȻ˵˵ǸŮǱץߵĻһ͵Ը㡣
ĪҲȷŷҹĻħɱѾ಻סֻܳŵ컹ɱԼҪõǿʵһٵõħɡ
ŷҹڼڵĹƳ涼ɾǲ֪ʲôʱͻᱻԷһɵˡ
ŷҹ⻰Ҳ΢΢һüͷħŵĴУ
ȻҲûȥȴ֪Ϣ˵ħųһΣֻԵ˲ܽУõħĴУ֮УħŵҪɵãҲΪеħŵԹҾҺͱֹħѪûڵħ֮ԣħҲһòУĿǱɱСĪƽ͵
ŶôΣյĵطǸħɱȻһҪȥŷҹȵ
Ϊ¶һ޶ʵʲôģĪҲ̾š
ڵĹħѪҪ˵ħģǸ˱öԷħ
ҿҲδؾܽȥŷҹ˵ħҲֻǵɱ¾ô򵥣Ҫһɱ˵ģǲ̫ѣħҪһηǣҵģȻһҪȥһˣôҪȥһǸħɱ˵
һҪСģħɱԲöԸ֮ǰΪȻǿֻǹգǵһֻעһзų˹Ƴ涼ʵʩɣһֻΪֱͻƴ徳ﵽһĪ˵ʱҲЩģħһõ
ŹħѪĪƣȻһֱԼΪħŵļ̳ߣħ϶ɲԶԷܲܵõħĪҲ֪ħɱĵõħǶĪ˵ҲֱӾħŵͳˡ
ΪħŵӣȻҪһĻͬģڸȥħɱȥǽ˹Ƴ֮ҲһûаܶùԷģԷʲôط֣Ķֻ֪Ҫ֣֪ӲǸ˵ĶĿ
Ҳһħɱ֮ܶ˶Ϊͬһܶ鶼δ֪֮ǰѾͻ˿
㲻ȥħŷҹʵ
Է˼ƺûȥĴ㣬ǿԷħŵĸ飬ƺֲô򵥣ŷҹɻˡ
ۿħŵĵͳȴȥᣬƺһһִħɱ˵ɱֻ顣
ҡĪƴʱȴһ£ҪҵĺӣħѪոտûа취Ҳûа취ڸǵʱҲκڽӽֱħʱ˵
Ī˶ƺҪ˵һʲôվûк㡭ȥɣһչ˺Լġ
ħħ˵ǳҪĪǹħѪڵĻħɱõħĴ֮ҲһӵűټͳħѪϡŷҹȴǵȻ˵
ǡĪֻĪһЩƽӣֻһʱҲãڳȥĪ˵º׾޾鷳
Ҳ鲻ô鷳˵ħŵĴлعأŷҹüë
ĪҡͷѾЩˣΪЩܷͬħ̳Ȼһε֮ħһɴûзħĻ
ħɱòõĻҲ̫С̫Сǰħɱ֮ʱ򣬶ұġ
ҸһȥһֱЩĬĪʱȴˣŷҹĪƣĿⶨŷҹϣȻҲעѪҲһڡ
УĪȴǼطţڵĶħﲻ֪ۼ˶֣ǰԼ¶˵Ŀ֮£һʱӵˣԺԵľǸҴǰһԴԴϵ׷ɱ
Ҳ¡ĪһִŵŮľ׸ģһҲ£
ĪһůֻǵΪĪҲˣŮĽᣬƺûôأҺܿͻ⿪ˡ
ףĪƺŷҹأҲкܴһ̶ֳȣǶŷҹ
СĪȻжǲͬ⣬ħɱ֮ôûУܵõħɷʯڵ״̬ڱϢķʯܵסħҲұ֤˵ûĸ·߲οһͷƼĶȥԲУ
Ī֮ԼĸףҲԲöԷðա
ΪħѪħܷǾѾʮŮܵ˺
ħɷʯѵǷɷʯŷҹɻʵ
ɷʯħɷʯȻ񣬵֮űʵ𣬷ɷʯҲרɷ֮ҲʮѵõĶǸħɷʯǼֱͲֵһᣬħŵ˵ߵĲ֮𡣡ĪƿŷҹҲڻشħɷʯȫסħŵӵϢܴԶһϣħŵӾǲҲʱʱõĲ䣬˿ɷ֮Ӱ죬ʡ²֪ٵĿ๦ɷʯֻһɷ֮ʯͷѣͬն
ŶֹЧŷҹȴǲ֪»ħɷʯֶϾϢɵĴн̵ʦĴм䡣
ڼ֮ȻҲдĶǲǹһļ䣬ܹǻЩ©Ķö֪һɢޣһѶûУûһָ֪ⷽʶ
Ī˵Щ֮ﵹͻȻһǿ鱻ǧĴ׶˷ɷʯĶһֱĴָս׵ʱһ֮⣬ǳõĶǶʲô
ǷɷʯѵǸո˵ħɷʯ


377 İв
ŷҹžѾǿʯóһⶫǷɷʯļӲޱȣֻҪĻʱһŷҹһ˵ܣǾնЩ飬ֻҪŻصǴĺʯϣҪ̫ʱգͻ¡˺ʯϡ
ںʯնһѿڣֻҪٹ죬ȥʱʯͷϱ֤ʲôûзֹһֱˡ
ǿ޲Ҳŷҹǲ֪Ҫô˵źˣֻ϶һʯģȴʲôҲ
㿴һʲôŷҹϵĺʯʵ
⡭ĪΪŷҹһòħɷʯĶǲǣѾ׼Ҫҡͷħŵôô׾ͱ˵õǵĿĴ˺ʯϵʱȴһⶫĿסһħɷʯ벻ҵõħɷʯһΪֶֻ
磿ŷҹɻһ£ѵ粻֮ڣ
ֵĲֶĪƵ˵һһ
ӦҲһֱɢްɣҲѹ뷨ڹϵʱ߶ǸͨһģҹһƬءĪƻûдħɷʯļ֮ƽϢǿŷҹܸȤӣҲ͸ˣǺǸ֮ͨĲ࣬˺ܶصѣԺħŻߣһƬӡĿռռǿ˵һ𣬵ͨȴԶҲûа취ӴģΪռǹʱĴͨ߹ͬӡģռ֮ڿ綼ٱ
飿ŷҹ͸֪ˣļ䶼ʦҲ֪ڵʲôȻ֪ǰʲôˣڵħô£
ո˵ЩģɾӦûˣħҲڷӡģȴʵڵģһһ棬ɱ˹ǶŵĵӰɼŵȷɲٵġ
ЩɲҲɣ˵ֻߡĪ˵ЩмˣǻҲ쾳ǿߣҲֹǸٶˣиǿˣΪͨ˼ƻ̫࣬Ͳ֧һ˴ﵽߵΪҪֻǵУҸո˵ħҲֻͨħħ˵ֱͲֵһᣬǲħô궼ûܽУԴ϶ڵĹɣɶҪö࣬ԱҪħţԴǸҪõΪܶණǹͨģħŵĹЩ湦Ҳûʲôʵ𡣡
ŷҹȻ֪ĽľĪ֮ƺҲûʲôףԷٶȻӿһŷҹҪӿֲöࡣ
ɶֻڵػߣĵһ˵ĪҲûбҪȥƭԼ¶žˡ
ǲǿʯͷҾܸһȥˣĪ̫ıģֻŷҹһȥ
ڵҲǾĸ֣Ȼߵʵս黹Ϊ㣬ΪǿҲ㹻һЩԱˡ
ûǲҪȻħɷʯڣһȥģħɱ˵֮⣬϶иɵĵӣʱңȥˣδؾܱ֤˺ĪƶŮһΣĸо
ǡĪЩĵ˵Ǹողǻ˵ֻҪʯͷҾͿȥôôһӾָıˣ
⡭ŮʣĪҲЩ֪ôشˡ
ȻŮ뷨ֻǻھһеŬֹȥðա
ǿڵȥĻֻ»⡣ŮǿӲĸԣ᲻ŷҹ֮Լһ͵͵ȥǻ˵׼
ȥȥɣĪǾʹڻƶһɡŷҹ
šĪŷҹͬ⣬ʱ
ƶֵĪƾˡ
֪ƶʲôǸոŷҹĸŮĻȴˣס˵Ŀռ䣬ȻǷͬһķ
ͬһ㣬С˻ƶȵ̤˻ƶۿĿռ֮󣬲ǳױһ¡
ͺŷҹ֮ǰпһһռ䣬һС簡
澹Ȼž޲ϡģĪƶ֪ŷҹôõˡ
ոջŷҹҪҴ뿪ŷ˶ǲ֪˵ʲôãԴŷҹѲּ֮ƺӾѾעҪĴˡ
һθҪ飬˭Ҳŷҹһûٸŷҹ˵𻰣Ѿ·ˡ
褵ҲһʱѩĽɻҪ࣬ͨĻ˵޷ĳص£˴ҩɲݣִǻԵĶ˵ȴĶҩ
ŷҹȻҪæҵץģֻħɱ˵ˣǳʲôԭŷҹҪһˡ
Ȼܴܴ󣬵ŷҹҲȫĿģΪ￪ʼͲͣߣȻҲ඼Ҳ˵ֻЩ˵ΪŷҹҲж϶Էǹ仹ɡ
ЩҲûʲôĿģֻ￴ѡŷҹ￴죬֪Щ˶ڵħﻹǽ֡
褵İȫĵģʱһ֣ͶһֵΣգʼԼʼƲ⣬ץ褻߲вԼġ
ΪһֿܣǾǶԷҲ֮е֪ҩ֮壬ҪռС
һ뵽ֿܣŷҹȫһ䣬Ļ褵ΣȻɵģԼһûҵ˵ڶѾ˶֡
ŷҹֻôŬҲǰ׷ˡ
ͬʱŷҹҲ֣֪ҩ֮ˣӦֻȼЩƺҲдĵ
¿أҲջб¶һ죬˵һͻȻһΪǵĹߣһֱزƱػҴ㹻𾪣ȥġ
ǼȻܴĻҪõҩ֮壬ԼΪ֮󣬻̵סҫһʮʮĿޱչأٳˣ
ֻҲȥҩ֮ˡȻҩ֮ΪͬаħͻΪǣҲƱػһЩ޷ƿΪЩ鸡ǱȻġ
ûоޣһ򰾳ΪȻѸ٣еĵãЩպͻУҪĶ
ŷҹڿ˼褱˷ҩ֮ĿʱͻȻ绰𣬿ȴһİĺ롣
ŷҹʱһɳƶʱʱһЩʱüͷ
ŷҹҪҵǸ褵Сһʲôɣ


378 ı֮еı
ɭɭŻʲôλá
˭Ҫʲôֱ˵ɣŷҹӵ绰ȴһ
ȻԷ绰ˣǾ֤ԷĿĻǶԸԼҲ˵ʱûΣյġ
ɱħɱ˵ǰһ˭˵⻰ʱ򣬱Աɲࡣ
ĪƵĹƳ汻˻ٵʱֱӾһѪ˳
Ƴ涼ǸϵһģÿһʦͬģԼǿжϵƳ汻ɱˣҲ޴˺
ƳԽǿ˺Խ󣬶ħɱǿ˳Լ֮⣬ȻĪǰˡ
ֹƳ汻ɱķɣӷŭľһӸʧĪָ֣Ѿ˾۷壬벽ĳ̶ȣֻҪһΪɵԼΪͻͻͽ
ǽֻһһͰôʱıˣĪƾȻˣϵĹƳҲ˸˸ɸɾ
һеʼٸߵȻŷҹħɱҲ֪ŷҹɱĹƳ棬û뵽ĪƵȻߵĻᶼûУ
ǵ͹֣ĴҲǲʹġ
Ȼ㡣ŷҹҲ˼ŶԷʱ绰ʲô˼ɣǵǰɱЩ˵ֵùġ
ŷҹ죬һֱûĪĪ¶棬һֱڻƶȻĻ治ܱ֤еħɱ֪Īڻúúõġ
ܼ򵥣ҶħҾͰŮ˻㡣ħɱЦһĻ㣬ħɱ˴Ӵ˽׷ɱԶٽй񣬲㲻ҪˣʲôȻĻСﵽʱ򻹻᲻ܵʲô˺ǿɾͲ֪ˡ
ô֪ڲ˵Ҫȷһİȫŷҹ˵
ŲɣҸĿʱ䣬㻹ûпǺõĻҾ͵ܾˡħɱ˿ûΪŷҹĻ˲ֻЦͰѵ绰ҵˡ
ŹҶϵæŷҹüͷ
תһȫĵطʶһΧûκμصʱŷҹһ˻ƶڲ
ħɱĻ᲻թŷҹɻץ褣Ϊʲôһ£
ųܣսթҴûпбӼթˣһõֶΣȫáĪҲ΢΢üħһܣȴ˾֪ħɱһûаô˵Ƥ£ȡħĿȨԲŻ㣬˵ûץ˵ǸŮ治ȷ
ǣ㻳ɣܹ𣿡ʱĪȴǲһ仰
ĪסڻƶʼЩ⣬ĪضĪƣϾĸŮһЩ飬Ȳѵľദָ֮ĤѾԽԽСȻĪûнһ裬ȴҲѾôų˵ˡ
ĪǾĽǶҲǺרҵܶصġ
˵ģŷҹ֪ԷˣթŷҹҶ
ŷҹȷĸطѾȫˣĻͲòʱѡ
ŷҹȷ褵İȫǲܵ飬Ҳ˵ŷҹֻѡԷ
ЩͷŷҹһһͻȻ֮Щĸо褲ħɱ˵
ŶĪҲɻһ¡
ħɱҪҰȡħȷһиļɵҲͻӳذȴһ㹻˻ˡŷҹ͵ʵֶΣδؾͲһԼҲֶ֪εĻһʶƣҾͿȷ褲ϣҲٸûʮİһƭңѡ׵ķʽֱӲκεĽӴ
һˣ֤𣿡Īȴ̫ϿɣԼĲ²⣬褵𣿡
ȷ褲ϡŷҹҲҡͷһҪħɱĵط
ΪʲôĪɻ
ŷҹôȷȫܶԷЮƣѸʱѰ褵ϲҪģǸʲôħŷҹ˵̫Ҫ
ΪҲ褣ȻħɱҲ룬һ֪褵䣬ȻһնûеģһջƭҡŷҹĿһ˿â׼ˣһ
ıҲıŷҹû뵽ЩյĽһģֻܳħɱҪķߣħɱµĵط
ô죿ĪҲòϣŷҹķҲе
ǾħøԷһԼȡϸԷֻ˭İɣοôĹֶƼƾδؾõħ
֪٣Ҷ̸ȻûϢһɡŷҹĿأõħ˭ǿɻһء
ŷҹôҲһĵħʵҪħŵĵӲܼ̳УҪռħֻһ취ǾǿħĽƳ״ƣɲһ˵顣
ôħҲ˲ֻһΣûǿƹħҲڻˡ
ħŵĵӣΪҲѪģӦþĪ˰ɡ
ħɱΪĪˣʧҲŷҹ̡ŷҹţĪƵĹħѪԲħһϵûС
˵ڵĹħѪħûһϵĻǻ˭ῴѪ
֮ŷҹ̾ʹӻƶͨ˶Էĵ绰ҿǺˣҰȡħҪ֤褺ˡ
İɣҾܵκεĿġħɱܵ
Ķȥ㡣ŷҹʵ
㲻ҪңȵʱȻͻῴˣ֮ǰҪЩνʿһˡħɱƺϵŷҹһڵЦš
㲻Ϊһ˾ܵõħɣ̫ˡŷҹЦ
ˣħɱƺǾð˵̫ˣŷҹҲֱӾͷһҪʱһְģˣҵҪĶҿʱ
Է˵仰ֱӰѵ绰ҵˣŷҹ˵ŷҹһЩʲôֶ鵽ĵַˡ
⵹ЩСˣŷҹܲõԷҲȥݾߣΪ֪ԼħɱҲ褣ھǰҲûʲô;
ʱȥˡŷҹһ¡
Ϊ˭ħҪԼһ˿϶ǲеģҪҰ֣ȻһȻ⣬һĿҲǺöԸ˵ҲˣԼҪ˿ӣħߣ̫ˡ


379 Դ
һε֮ŷҹҲ֪ĶЩˡ
šһš׷ţƵĴɶˣȻٳ֣ȡĽҲŶĴ£˶ؽ
µУֻӢΪ£ûвһЩħ
ŷҹҲ֪²һڶѣӢڵʵ᲻֪ԼˣҲֻӢŵʵܵˣӢѾˡ
ԻڼúõϢȴʵָһ죬֮ħ䵽Լֱ̫Цˡ
˵ӢŲ룬ĴɣҲû˭ΪԼһܰħȥˡ
οﻹֻǣﶼɵӳϳЩ˿ɶǺǵģܰħµĻɿ¾Ҫ߰ٷ֮ʮĶʣµİٷ֮ʮŻĴϷ֡
ɼĴҲò˻лõһЩôĻǾעħıԵˡ
ԭֻĴɵĵ̽ʱǱ˴֮䶼ûôϣǺɵһ֮Ѿˡ
Ĵ֪Լ˼ҵĶ֣Է׷׶һһЩԲ߳
λҶǿˣһħˣĶҪô䣬λûУŵųվ˵
ǣ˵úƿһؽеˬˣ߳ǸȵӣƿҪ˵ҲܴɵõٵɣҶǴˣҲôĨǵ˵ˣܳһεħֻҶ֪жѵãǵʵǸɲ̫Զֵܷ٣ǹؼɡ
ǮֻǶһۣҲ֪Ҫ̸Ҳôһ¶Ҫ˵ĻԼʵɣֻһˡ
Ҳܼ򵥣ٵԣħʱҲָȥƴڻȥ
Ǻǣؽ˵õǾΪǶȡһЩаƿħأҲŭֻǷʶԷ
ħӰӶţ˵δҲ̫˵ɡؽĻû˵꣬еӵ
ǼŶǶһۣȻ⿴ȥֻ̾ǰţħˣ
ʲôĸ˶һ
˵˵һΪĵӣȻףǲѾǰħˣ
ǣӷ֮󣬾ͿɵĵӣѾ˴ǰˡӻر
мλǰȥؽҲ̲סʵ
ӿ˳һۣԷҲʾڣ˵һλǰȥӴһҡ
ǾȻô𣿡ؽüͷ
ʵһʱ䣬Ҳֻ֪ɳɽ˹ħˣǾ˼ˣ˭ˣҲһ֪
ûô򵥣ҪǵڻҰɣɫ΢΢һ¡
ҪǱʵĻɾȻǵҪǿö࣬ոո˵ģֻˣҪħƵĻҲ̫ʵ
϶ĻȻǺ˵һЩǲܵģϣû뿪һҲ˵ϣҲǾ۷壬Ǽɵ˲̫࣬ôɸԳҲ󣬵ҲǲܰħƵġ
һΪħûбƵҲָһܴƣԲû̫ʦڣһҲΪҪùɵ
ȻԼƣǵ˶࣬õļֵģҹҲҸɿ⣬ԾǱԷҪæҲû˸ˡ
ôĻʲôôܿܳΪõĶ
ħˣҲ֮ǰķָһɣ̫ĸһǵòʧȻ˭Ըɣ˺á
ÿ˶һ㣬Ҫ˵ߣȴе᲻áҪ־͹һɵʵ̫ˣܶһЩˣҲ൱ģǴƣҲԼЩʧ̫
أһʧܣħĽƷನǵ˺һġҲȱ´ˣȻְ취óǹɵˡ
ʲô˼ؽһ̲סʳߣ
⻰ʵ˴ҵĿ߻ǲߣȷһѾ⡣
λҪߵĻһߣҲûô׵ˡĴεʱ򣬾һǼ˶ͷ۵
ŷҹһҲˣһʱҶҪͷĸо
ҲԣħϢȻ˶֪ĴҲдӲͬõʱֵϢȻҲ֪ŷҹô֪ģҪ֪Ҳ̫ѵ顣
ֻһɢޣҲп֮õϢ˭Ҳûб˭ţŷҹҪȻҲͺˡ
ΨһһǣֻһѰɢޣԼһ˾ԲᵽΪǶ֪֮ɴ£һ˸Ͳܵõκκô˵׼ᱻ⼸ɵв鷳ǰˡ
ŷҹͬû˭Ҷʹҡڵػεĸ˵ǰˡ
ʵֹû˸ҶڴǣһɻҪѲҲ˾˵ɣŷҹȴǰƵģȻ˲òɣ᲻ᶯ˼
Щɣħˣһ᲻ͻȻɱķɵĵҲһˣԼ֮
ҪˣһᳰЦ˵Σ˵ŲٵӣֻĴɣҲܱȫ𣬿ɲ֪ôģһ䵽ˡŷҹϣǵľͻĪضһض
˱˵𣬾Ǳɵ֣ҲЩɢ޸˵ģŷҹͬ˵ɵʱ򣬾һڸǰǸһ˽ţɻǱˣŷҹţҲ㹻˵ŷҹһɣ߸ǰɱ˭˭Ҳ˿ıġ
ôǲΪ˵Цİɣŷҹ˶ˣһʱûԼǴľȣԼҲûȫأҿѾ֪ۺˣطأھ;ˣȻһǰǾ㲻ҲðǰħˣʱҲˣҲһ䲻Ҳ뿴Ľɡ
ŷ˵Ҫô죿ԼŷҹĹϵǲģʵ
ϵɵĴ£һ˾Ͳö˵ʲôˣԼҵ˼ֻǣҪϿ죬˾͸ûһŷҹǺһЦֻǿǣҲٶ˵ˡ


380 ˼ƽ
ŷҹĻ˵ίʵ˼ǣɵ¶ƨ£ҾһǣЩҪˣһûкùӳԡ
⻰ʵҲֱ˵ڳĸλҲûеøŷҹ˵ִһǵĵӶûеϢɵѾˡ
ɲʲô¶֮ǰѾʱɹһ׼ǴǵڻҵĴġ
߲ߣٲ߾ˣ
ԵͷһƬǺܼѡ
ŷôģʱȴͻȻŷҹһʵ
һǰһԶĻЩǰŷҹһǽһɶԷҲһôģ
ңҾһˣȥ磬ȥҲǿǸ֣ȥҲץңǸұ𣿡ŷҹƲƲ
һֿЦˣҲǰԼ˵ҴҵĲܸŷҹȣҲһǸǡǸܸˣܵˣҲҵɵӣһɢ޸
ʵҲδؾͻߣŻ￴֣ܰħƿǺǣĹͷ˵һ֮أŷҹЦǺǵ
λŶĿЦˣĶ˵Ҫһ֮Ҫͷ˼ҵֵĶôɵĻô˵úǷһ
뷨ʵλһ£˲УλУ
һȫʮλϣһʱµһţͲܵ˿
ŷǰ϶ǿЦĻ֪ŷʲôõĽ飬Ҳָһ¡˻ǫ飬һſھָ㣬Ҳһܻ䡣
ǣһӰڳŶȥеףŷҹǰҲû˸ҷʲô
㲻ָ㣿ãȥҪôһǸ˿϶Ͳˣŷҹ׵ˡ
ԴȻ΢΢ЩˬҲұֳʲô
ָ㲻ҵҾи⣬أԣأԼɡŷҹʼ磬òԼνʲôħħġ
Ը꣡ĸ˶һݣš
ɵҲҲɱ˶ѣŷҹֱڳ˶øɵһ㲻Ǹһȥɵ˸ɣ
һʱҶЩܵĳ嶯ǸŷҹһǶˣɲȥ췴
ǿɣɲ˵⼸ˣ̫ƽˡ
ȿȡǶʲôأŷҹſ˵һ䣬ҶѾˣҲֵʵ
û£ǸɡǿǲܱȵġҲֻֻ˵һˡ
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ôһһݶؽҲǿ㷨ˣæʵ
һ˸ɣȻǴħ֮һΪˣҸռһݶƽˡŷҹ˵
ȻǺãͬ𣿡΢΢ҡͷЦ
ɰǼȲԼʧҪԿܲƿħЩͷ۾ͷˣҪƽֵĻǻʲôͷ۵ġ
⿴һܹƽİ취ǡǡһû˿ܻΪʵֲ˵顣
˸ɣǮ鵹ע⵽һر⡣
ɣǰ˸ӢûĶİ˸ɣŷҹһʱ˰ɡ
Ӧ߸ɣؽҲӢû
ҪӢˣǾͳɾŸˡŷҹȴҲһ䣬ָָԼһɣǿɱ©ˡ
һǻȻҲһ£ŷҹһˣȻҲ͵һˣҪô˵ɣҲû˸˵ʲô
ҲҪӣҺռǶһҪĶڰŪòˣҾҷֵÿܻ࣡ŷҹصͷ˵
⻰ͲǿˣҪǸʱǾͲǷֵöֵٵˣֻǸɶսʱһһϴҲǲܵ顣
ڲ˵Ŵɻǰ˴ɵ飬²ǾŸǰ˸ɶͬɣؽһε˵һڵϵĻ
Ǻǣ⵹ҲǸ⣬ǾͿܰɣĥʱˣ˲Ƿֲʲôо޴ʧءŷҹЦ˵
˵һȦ˻û˵ﶼЩơ
ҿŷҪа취Ǿ͸ŷһԡŷҹ˼
һ취ҲûУֻǿڳΪŴһӣҪһͳλ
ڵĽֻһڲ̫ǿ׷ҲҪǿһЩ쵼λҲòŷҹ£һ¡
֮ǰõϵϢ˵ŷҹԽڵӡܲʱ򲻳ûߵýһЩǿɾǴʧˡ
ŷҪкð취ǹͷˡҲͨ͸ˣһκ˲һȣ̾͸ЩҲɵĴУֻûһЩȴɰٰ㿴ŽһЩҲδؾͲֵܷԴԴҶкôġ
ûҪüһֱź״̸̬ף
嵽µĻǵ治ǲܣǴǰѡһͷˣǿҪһսˡ
ɳһڱʤһ֮⣬һֱûʲôϵĵһǹƣҪ˵ɵͷˣҲĲ
ڵû⣬һͷûʲôôǿǴŴҸɶù˴һƽ󣬶ˣЩˣൽʱͰͷͷһƣ˵ԼǱȵģǸͷ˵ùǷûʲôϵˡ
һŷҹʵǶҲʲôҪǱ¶ǴҸɲɣʱŷҹͷٺòˡ
ŷҹκһˣڶԸ⵱ͷˣ
Ҳŷʺͷˣܵŵģĸɵϣ˲ͨЩ֮Ǯ黹ǲؽæͷʾ޳ɡ
ǺǣͷˣǸɸɼܣǿɲðŷҹȴҲɵӣ˵ӮҲûʲôôǣ
ҲЩˣ˳ŷҹ˼һ˵ôһ̧еζˡֻϣŷҹҪᣬɲǳҪȦ׵ġ
ȶ˵УȴѾǻˣӦҲˣ̸˰˼ƽ֣һҾǰٷ֮ʮ壬ǴԸͷóģ͸ŷ֮á


381 ǳ
𿴳˵ֻаٷ֮壬ļҼӵһǿҲһɵԴټŷҹԭӦõģŷҹһ˾ռħԴɻ࣬һĶְ
ԭļܴһɳͲˣһԼ÷һɣЩͷҲֵˡ
˳ͷҲֻܱԼ̬ȣȻвͬģϾǺ¶ŷҹа취ͷĻԼʲôҲò̫ˡ
Ǻãҳˣ˼ƽ֣ҿѣŷҹЦЦ
ȻʱˣŷɲҪȥЩɰȻıŭˣЩССĹɣǲ˼ҶԸġ˵һҶȽϹĵ⡣
ģǵ˵ĻҲһǴҿ˵Եκ˵ͷȥʲô鷳ҵţкôأһ׬ŷҹǺЦЦ˵
⻰ǺܺгŷҹȴǴһЩҲˣֻҪõħĶ˵
˵˰죬ҲҪܴħУҪħҲûдƣɶˣǿɾ̫ˡǮ˿Щĵص
û°Ҫ˳Ը˳ľͲټ˰ػصڿɲáŷҹֱӸԷ涨
ǮһҾ˵˵ѣҲ˼һ£û˵Ҫ˳
Ҳ֣ŷҹڱͬ⣬ΪʱļһһӣҪŷҹŸɵģʲô³Ǽֱǲġ
ļҶһ𲻸ŷҹӣڿǲֵģϾħıҲҪõļҷһɶҪ˵һһˡ
ȻϣСҲǸϣҪ˳ˣŷҹ϶ᱣ֤һëò
ȻûǾô˵ˣšŷҹ⿴һۣɵҲˣһҾװǱвȵİɣҪŷҹĶѾˣҲںô˵ҡ
ҶǱŷҹҪһ󣬵ҲҪɵĳ̶Ȱ
ʱҲ൱ìܣҪܳһ֣ŷҹѹһ£ŷҹܰѹһͷǵõʵ档
ҪõȻǲʵġھ֮ǻѡվŷҹһ߶Ͼľ˵ŷҹķͷѵû𣿶һֲˡ
λҲħɡţȻѾӶ߶ˣȻ٣⼸Ҳǰ̽һµģɻֻҪһңҲȫˣոѾħڣ֪λôģֶ붯˰ɣ
˵ڵһϣ˷ֱɵͷϣȻʶǴӷɫҲֱܷ˷ֱĸɵġ
ŵǲۣҩʦŵһ°ףī̾װ
ŷҹȻʶȴһ죬һ֮£ԭǸɽйһս档
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̷ϱ뿴ЩΪʲô˵ǵ˶࣬ӦֺϵĶǿŶȴһֵļûУɵе֡
û뵽ʱ򣬾ȻһˣûлشĻǷ˻
ʲôˣ̷Ȼʶŷҹ
˵ǲѾõϢӢһûģҲ˵һǷħԴġ
ھӦʣĴŲŶԣôðһͷСӣļҵôأ
ҪʹԷЩҲϳɾ˵֮ǰѾ⵽˱˵ɫЩɵ˶û̫ķӦŵķ棬΢΢¶һֵı飬ϣһƵġ
£ȻҲ֪ŷҹ϶ʲôè֮ԸոѾ߶ʹ⣬ͻȻͱЩĺʡ
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ʵǵǺǳ˶ԷţҲô¶ֻڻҪЩ˳ܸӻҪģȻЩ˵ʱ˭òô
ˣʲôˣŷҹȻҲܿԷ˭ǼȻ˼ˣҲװһɡ
⻰Ȼ̷ʵúƣǲ֪֣һ·еʶҲ֪ʲô˰ɣ
ȵȣˣʲôʱҲˣѵɳ̫٣Բ֪ڵѾɻߴɣ
ڲʵʱ򣬾ǼˣҲ̸ʱҲֲ¸Сﰡ΢΢õؿŷҹһۣɳµĵطʲôʱôûûСˣ
ţŷҹҲǿ˶Էһۣŵ̫ϳŷҹɵĳĶôûûСģزˡ
ؽ˶ǱһҪǴЦҪڵĳѿˣֻǿˣװʯ졣
̷ϹȻɫһףҲ֪Է˵滹Ǽ٣ֻλſȥֿһ۹۱ǣǹĵӣǲҪ졣
Ҳ㹻˵һ⣬ŷҹ˵ĲʲôѻҪȻĸҲ֡
ǡôһеˣոջ˵˼ûûСģðһ̫ϳϣƺǱҪ߳һģҲ˵ֿŷҹ߳һ
ȻֻǰɵŵƽƽʱŻʵɵţЩɷӶͱ˵ʲôƽƽˡ
ƫƫŷҹǲ֪ôһ¶ƵģűˡԼҲ˵ССĹɣҲҸű
΢΢һ̷֮ǹ֣ԭŷϣʧʧ벻ﾹȻôһλ޵ĳϣ
⻰ʵǿףǼֻһڣͰѶԷ̫ϳϸһ˳ϣ˼Ȼû˵̫ϳϲʲôãűֻʸȴҲǰ˼ˡ
ŷҹҲЦ⣬ȥҲǸϺˣ˼һͷˣɵĳ𣿡


382 ָһ
ǰѾ̷ϲ̫ˣһﻹǰԼĻˣ浱ǿģ
ǽźһЩˣСǹĻɵ
ôǿѹ˳˿˵ɵĳǶǲ͸һǱ޵ĸˣҪٽһ񣬳ɾͲͨĶΪһķħطֻЩĵӣŻΪЩ鷳ˡ
⻰ҲһǼ˵ŷҹΪļһʵҲǸˣ뵱ǵĳЦ
⻰ڳĴҲڣҲ˵棬Ҳ΢΢Щá
Ǻǣ˵ҲǣǶˣˣٲץʱ񾳣ɾֻܸ̫̣̾ԸóˡŷҹȻһЦ˼ңڲŶʮ꣬û¶Եף˼ҲС˰ɣһΪҪ˰
βĴˣ̷ˣҪһ֪ߵغļһǱˡ
ôȥĳʹˣʵܲ񾳣ֻܸ̣̾ҲʵԷǶʮΪѾͣ⿴ҲģȻĴҲῴС
һ˵ģֱָҲСˣһûвǰһ̰ˣͺǳڽѵһⲻ֪֮䣬ԼȻǱһ֡
ǻ˵˵ħɣλʲô㣿һλ¬ɳҲȥˣԼʦŵ˱˱ȻҲÿˣҲŷҹʲôëֲһŷҹĶ֣ҲֱӾͶְɡ
ħ飬Ҹողô֣ٲ־ˣǵʱ䲻˰ŷҹǴŴ˵⼸ССĹҲνİħˣҲղʲô߶￴ˣҲ˵ĻǼŶѾû˼ҪˣҰǿĿľѧϰһɣôħƵģ´оˣħǹɾҲ֮ˡ
⻰һ˵Ū¬Ҳǲ֪ô˵źˣŷҹ˼Ѿúˣ˼ҹĴɶѾˣǿˡ
˼أһǹɲˣŷҹб°Ĵ£ҾǲԸҲҪ¡
һҪϢһʱˣǳŷҹ࿴ۡ
ŷҹȻᣬԽˣԽǲöԸڲŶʮ꣬һֱôŵĻ֪ɳʲô̶ȣһãһŵУǿɾ֮ӹŵ֪ɶйֽѵ
ѵҲ׼̫ϧˡŷҹɵˣһʱû˻Ӧź˵
ȻǲܵģֻεЩ㣬ʱûж֡ŵĳͬ˵
Ȼڵ˹ϵδؾͺãҲŷҹɶǵļһҫǺǱֱһ
ǵ˸ϵҪ೤ʱ䣬ü𣿡ŷҹװȵʵû׼㹻֣ԶҪ԰
̾һɵĵžž죬ֱӾ˵ԷûԶˡ
ŷҹȴǸµӣǻ治þͷˡ˵һҪЩɵأһԽԽãȻŵ˾ôˡ
ȷе鷳ˣɵֻԲ֪ûȤһƿħҩʦųׯҲǿˡ
²̫аɣҵʵ̫ˡŷҹһܣٴһӣָλ˵ǵʵһµĵӾ͸˵ˣǶħĻǵʵȥҲǰ״
Ĵű˵Լһӣǿ˵ˣûˡ
ɣֲûһȣҪȻҲ
ׯһӣûа취ˣҲŷҹոջԼ˵ôһתȴװʲô˵
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ͺãŷϿһʹˣׯܶŷҹܰĴŶѱ÷ҲǺ֣ǼȻŷҹܳһףҲͲںˡ
λƿħǻ¬ҲЦЦ
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˼˵ɶҪĶ̫ˣҾ˵ɾɣȻ߶˴ϵΣͿħĶŷҹһתЦſЩɾͱȲˣǾô˵ˣĶɷ֣ӦҲַ䲻鷢õ֮ϸ̸ɣҲ̸ˡ
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˵Ưѣʵ˼ǰæǾͰ˵ôħǵҫҪĶǶ޹ؽҪģҪҲûá
ŷҹȫû˼ֱӾͰղŵĻɶҪħıˡ
ҩʦźŵ˶¬ɿƺЩ˼ͬڵܳҲЩøղŵ˵ˡ
ʵҲ֪˵ףû뵽˵뷨ô⣬ֱӾͰǱĶųˣҲ֪Ĳ֪ǹڲסô˳ˡ
ħĶʵõñȽ϶࣬ЩɣЩǱȽһЩܳϲ˵ҲǶ׳Ծ͸һɰɣ


383 ķ䷽ʽ
ǹ߳˼άžûиҸģǸҲǽʩ״̬
ȷ˵ǼһɵԴһʣµģѾ御ˡ
ţҿҲŵͬҲͬܲܰһ
ǾɡҩʦŵׯҲЦ
Σ̷ЦЦʵĿȻŷҹ
ҲˣĴҲ֪ô£ȻȫŷҹĻôžôһ
ǲô˵Ҳŷҹ̫ˣԻǰǴǰİ취ЩʦһͷԶҲ̫࣬һѾǼˡ
һɣŷҹܾȣǾϲǹȻ󷽣һֻΪƳħ˿⣬ɰ
Ǻǡ̷ҲǵЦš
׹Сɵˣϲ˴̨棬һɣȥ֣ȻЦûϢǴûм
Ǿô죿¬Ҳæȷھͳɣһ
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ɣλϣһʯڵ
ʲô˼˰죬СôˣԭΪһɵģ
ҷһɣǻָë
Ҫ˵ʱŷҹ߶ָпתͷǼλɳϣΪ˱ǵĳ⣬ǾɣǾٲգҲǧһҪ£ǵⰡ
˶Ѫ˻ǵűˣ˼һϵӣƤһģ˵ڣղ˵һȥֵġ
ŷˡջ¬ϰѻû취⻰˵аѵǵҪҷְǸո˵һɣָһɷָңΪĶõģǾҪٶҲûá
ŷҹЦЦȫûнӣǻˣûϵôһ˵ҲˣҪĶʺãǿɾ鷳ˣǾͲμ˰ɡ
ȿȡ¬Ҳеõģȫá
Ŷԭ¬ϹȻʶ㣬ħʲôжٶ֪ŷҹ⻰ǴͣڶԷĶĶͳ
¬ٿԣŷҹͻȻ뵽ʲôǲɣħĶõҲ࣬Ͱõķ䣬ȴ֮󣬷õģ͸ңǲõģ͸λǿô
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ɴǰҲߣֻȱԴֲ㣬ˣűڵĹɣҪ˵Դϣ֮ûʲôҪõľ͸ŷҹǣǲֱӰħ
Ҳŷҹ˵⻰¬ϸղ˵ģĶ󲿷ֶõģ˼ҾҪõĶʡҪ˲õģҲǸ˷ѣǺܺġ
Ĵɴʱŷҹ˵ģҲﰵˬҪܵõôԴĻǵɿɶˬˣǵòɱŷҹôһ£ҲǺʹһ鰡
Ҳ̫ʰŷҹǵı飬ʲô
ȷǲʣ̷ѾЩҪŭˣѹƵС
ǲǰͷְɣһ˶ˣͷֶ٣ôŷҹЦ˵
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ӿԵĿɲֻһһ
ܹʮˣҪôֵĻһɶֲôǷǳô
Ĵɵһʼ֣ŷҹô˵ǰͷأҪ֪ǹһҪͷĻԿӦ
תһ룬⻹ˣⱾ˵˷񶨵ģΪɻͬⰴͷ
ŷϣ㵽ʲô˼ӦһȽϺķַɣׯٴοڡ
˵˵ҪºһЩûô嶯˿̵Ǻʺ̸еĹ
Ҳˣŷҹ֮ǰЩԶڹˮ˵ûһ⣬䲻Ļ˵Ǿˣɵĳء
ô̸ȥȻûʲô壬ŷҹ϶Ҳ֪Լ߶϶ǲͬķַҪָһɢĻҲûбҪ˷ôʱˣŷҹǱ߶϶ѾһȽϺķַˣ˷ʱĥƤӣֱһѶԷó
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ƽֵĻҲֻһСԴǲܵģôڴҶоŷҹ˺ܴòһ
ǺǣǾڹɸɵʵһ޶𣿡̷ϲ޷̵˵
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϶Ϊˣε黹治̫ð죬ʲôʱôѲˣǲΪɵĸӹǵĻΨǴӵ
Ȼһ£Ҷеô£ǾȻͼŽİ취ǰһȥ


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ϸһ˼ǾĶˡؼŷҹһʼվͷ˵λϣһش˵һеȨϣˣ֪ͱȥˣһظԷŸּɲźʡ
ǣЩʱŷҹվڸ߸ϵλãǽʩһ
ȻԷĻ̧ǵģʱҲûôֻ֣һǲ⣬ôԵ鶼һǶԷ⣬˼Ҹˣء
ˣˣɳ϶ãĸоⲻӦԼˣǵ𣿽췴ˣ
ĸоÿ˵ͷٿŷҹĿͱóˡ
ŷһֱôˣȥҿ֮Ҳûʲô˵ˡ¬ϽӹȻƳħԽԽãǶһҲ࣬һҲ٣ֻʣǼɣѵҲŷҹһ뷨
ĴŶǳˡ
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˵Ѿ˺ˣͲ˸ոЩӲӵˡ
ǺǡʵĺλŰɡ̷ЦҲתͷĴţλҲһ˼ҵ׶һ
ԾвĴԾЩܲסвϾǴӹŴĸѾֲҪԼԶԷʵ֮С
㲻ˣΪ˵ŷҹȴЦЦְѻǶѾҴˣѾͬˣΪһģ˭ˣͳãú
һʮ䷢ĵĴĳŷҹҲϵĴѧ
λŶ򺮲ʲôʱ򷢹԰
ǵȻ˵ΪǿǣŷҹȡǱȴǰźöĴܳɹĻǹɴӴ˶ٱɵһͷˣŷҹڵʱǲٿˡ
һˬ飬ǶòĶ顣
ѾٵʲôˣΪŷҹѾγеû̸ɣŷҹֻɱˣĴҲȫ˵ǱŷҹƵģΪ򲻹˼
֮ǰɵֻȻǰٷְٿŵġΨһǣҵɣȻͳĶˣ궪ˡ
ǺǣʵǿȻһĴٲҲҪһˡ̷ϿɲһʾˣȻŷҹôš
һϣһֻ˵һ𣿡ŷҹһ¼ˡ
Բۣ
Ǽ泤϶ѹţ˿ҲѹƵ˼㣬׷ֳһƬŭݡ
СӾȻǿǣǾһȥ䣬ǿԷˣСӾȻŵ̶ֳȣ˵һϣ
ӴһϰŷҹЦ
ŻȻ֣ոһΪŭ˾ȻǰһӻҪһΧŹԷļơ
֮ǺĬ˺һ
ŷҹһʱ䷢һ㣬ָЦô˼һһ˶ǾʹۣеĻǾҪɢһԶˡ
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˲ǷⲻСӻڳرǣŻڲϵС
һս㹻ˡ̷ϻսһԵһ
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̫ǲ֮Ĳɡ̷ҵһηԷĻᡣ
ֻϧɵĳϣ궼ɽĹǸŷҹֱͲ˼֡
ԣ˵û֮Ĳ࣬㻹֪֮ġȻͲҪټˡŷҹͷ˵
̷ۡѪ˼ֱûа취ú˵ˣָŶԷҲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
ŶˣǾ÷ҲôԾҲ뷨̫ˡŷҹŶԷָǼ˴ӮңҲǴӮˣһˣǵҲûйʣοǼܴܲӮңһδ֪ء
ܺãȻҪǾͳȫ㣡ܳϴʱȴӻһϰɣŵĳϣжͣĴŶĻ
̾Ͷܳϵ˼СӸߣʡﵷңһʱ䶼ǰְ˱ϡ
ͨǺãռ̫СҸһɡ˵ŷҹһԾһһת˲ƿնȥ
⡭λϴˣǼΪ֪ŷҹʵҲˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ⵽ʲôΪѵŷҹڵΪֽˣ
鲽Ҳˡ
ǵһɵʱ򣬸ŷҹйһսǴŷҹȴˣֻǾŷҹҲеʵҪսĻʮа˾ŻԼռϷ磬ѶԷɱҲǲܡ
ڣ˶Էó鲽ıʱ뷨ˡ
ƺѾ鲽Ѿշ˰ɣׯʱҲɫص˵
֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
֮УȫǽһҪƷ㹻ķԼעУȻﵽеĿġ
˻֮󣬾ѾҪȥԼѾ̤նȥ־ͽշУЩ츳ߵڴﵽ۷壬ҲַţǷǲˣֻ쿿̤նУ־ǰ˵İ鲽ˡ
ŷҹ鲽Ҳ㹻𾪵ˣԵʱŻ˵鲽ŷҹٶȣ˭鲽ǷշУ
˵ʲôŷҹѾﵽ˴˵УҲﲻĻ񾳣ôܣ
ʲôķţﵽһӣûдﵽΪ⡭Ҳ˵¬Ҳԥ
鲽շУֻǼ򵥵УֻҲû˿ԵеùɣׯϿЦһƺǾˣһֻڿǶԷǰշУǰ鲽˵
շеĻ񾳣϶Ǳ˼һ鲽۷أҲֻһơ
˵ЩֻеģĽǱ˼Ҹ
ŵʲôΪйϵ
⡭Ҳȷһ⡣


385 ŷҹΪ
徳֮ĲǸͲóȥƶϵġһĸ֣ᱻʮΧһĸ֣һٸһǧҲκβ
Ǵ˵֮еֲ֮˺ɵĲһûжԱԵġ
ׯ˵ĳطڿˣǰҸɽϽ֣ȻʵҲԶԶûеǶȴĵزҪ˵Ѿ۷˵ǻ񾳣ǸͲܣûеɾͲ˵ˡ
ҲɣȻׯѾٴοˣûдﵽֻһַзţǾκβģ͸̸ˡ
⻰һ㶣ҲǰԷ򲻹˵֣˼ҪߣֻոٶȣҲû˿סʲôɱУ֮ǰһҲǲܵ顣
ô˵ⶼһֵҵǸոջֿء
֮ǰ˵ģĴɶˣ֮ǰЩأڿǱˣ˵ģַкٶȣѾùɳԲˡ
ǿֻаķݶûлֵĻᣬɲͱ
ڿŷҹȷǶԸˣǾһķ֮ҲȷŷҹԲ۷ǻ񾳵ĸ֡
ԷֵָĻ˵ħĶȫҪˣҲʲô˵֮ǰҲûбҪ̸ˣܻҪѶָǼɡ
˵ƾŶԷΪԷֱӾԼȥƳħĽȥˣͲҪǺ
ԴּŷҹĿܾǸոͻٶȣҲ㹻˾ˣһɶʲôٶȡ
ŶԷҲɵϾҲûģҶԼЩϣЩȻưոݣʱŷҹҲǶ㲻ˡ
ಡ
һƿ֮ŷҹڷ֮ڣλôҪȨҪİ취䰡
ׯϳ棺仹˰ɣۣʱˣһ£ŷ֮ǰǸ˴ƽֵķҲͰǸħ֮֮һΪˣ˭ҲԿ
һΪ˿ԣҪһȨûɣȻҲռλıˣֻΪЩұȽҪļֵֻҪ˷֮һǾôŷҹʵ
Ǳ˴˶ӣֻܵͷˡ
ȻǶŷҹôߣ˭ҪѡͿȥѡһЩϡеȴд;ıƽЩǶһЩôҲûЩϡ֮󣬵ûа취˭ԼЩ˶κأ
ôɣλʲôûУׯξȻСɣͷȥǡ
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ո泤ϾȵıǶѾˣŷҹʵǶѾɵ̶ֳȣ˵ԼЩˣŷҹͬ˻һǵѡ
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һ߳ĸɵӱۼ֮⣬дʮһɫˣӦþθɵˡ
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ŷҹ΢΢һЦȷǼһֻһ棬ԨżɣǿǶԸӻҪ֣ԸԼţֻǵʱ˾;ܾˡ
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֪ѾŷҹЭ飬ֻΪɵɶڹɵӿɲֻڳЩҲһߡ
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⡭ׯϻΪԼǿˣٴĿתһȦȷûʲôɫıˣǲ˰
˵ŷҹָָԼأҴţһμƳħж
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϶Ѫĳ嶯ˣ
ǺôÿҲˣأԼҲ˼˵Լһɣ
һ뵱ŷҹĵ˵Ҫͷ֣ǲ֪ԭŷҹǸͲﻰ˼ҾҪ񶨵ġ
ҪǰͷֵĻɿ϶ˣǿ޵ģӦŷҹԼɣ˼׼ˣ϶ޣֻǰɷ֣˼ҾֻһˣҲһɣ˭ǶµĹأ
ҪǾ̫ϷǶһҪԼҵĵӶߵĳ嶯Ҳֻ롣
ħҪƣû㹻ǲܵģŷҹ
ף԰ħĽƲģ˵ΪҪ֮£Ҳֻܴﵽ죬Ҳֻ벽ܿ֡
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ŷϣħĽƶ֮ϵбɱЧ֪ڵΪǡׯϾûбҪȷһµġ
ŷҹ˲ҪŷҹʱһȥģһȻķ󱻼ˣĿɾͲֻŷҹˣҶһꡣ
ûϵҲǾ۷ѣǵġŷҹ˵
ׯɫΣǵᡣ


386 ŷҹĶ
ʵλֻΪŷҹ£ŷҹ׿˵ֻǾ۷ʱǶһԼԴĳ嶯
ոԼô˵Ǹŷҹˣһֱڲ²˵ʲô񾳡۷壬һԷȻڶǣͰԼЩ˶Żסˡ
ˣǶԷֻһ۷壬Ҳһеľ۷壬ԼЩȻҲǣ
ȥɣƽˡ
˵ˣһ˵öԣĴɶˣҪƴƤڣĸɵ˹ҲҸŷҹ
ȻҲһ㣬ǻûĸɶ֣ҪҲЩ˴ɣҲͲȥ֡˵ô˵ҲһƤҪȥɣǿȥҲȷ̫۸ˡ
˵˾ǹ˼ԼɵݣֻƾѹˣȴȥԼ߾һɶˣɿҲ棬ּˣܵñ˵飬˭ɿš
ƫƫû飬ŷҹúȻĴڶŷҹˡ
λ泤϶ˣɣֻŷҹռ˱ˣ˵ħܲƿ˵أʱһɵľ۷ͻȻҲǲǵġ
һԲϣǴ򲻹ңŷˣڴĹؼʱһ˸һǾͳˡƽľ۷в󣬵һˣǾȫһˣԼЩȫûа취ƺ
Ǹոոŷҹ˵ɣλϸŷҹ˵ʱ̬ȣ΢΢һ£ʵû뵽ŷҹȻִӡ
ӡ˵ɵļʱЩҲûкǸոոŷҹ˵ʱԾ͸оŷҹƺҪǿѵǴ
ЩȻöʣֻٸŷҹ˸к֮󣬾˻صԼĶ
λţھͳɣǵĴѾ׼˰ɣׯʵ
ĴŶǵͷǼȻ˺Ѱ⴬Ȼǰ׼õġ
ǿɲŷҹҲɵģ뵽ȥҪֽͨߡ
˵ˣɵϣҲҪ
ûλһ̣ŷҹЦʵ
ŷ͵ǴϰɡŶ̾
ҲáŷҹڽŵӡǲģǸ϶ǴҲȽϵõŷҹϿɵġ
Ҳûע⣬ϾŷҹһƽҪ˵£ɣҶ룬ÿ̫ˣƺҲõʲô¶ڴҶ̬ȾǾ£ͬʱҪ־롣
־ٶδؾһܵõŷҹİ˵׼ŷҹʲôʱһöԸʲôСһøŷҹһǺô
ǹ߻ߣǷǳǮһƬĻͻᷢҺʻȥ
ŷµѾڴϢ˵Ƕлŷָ㣬ǽŲڵڵһֵ֧ļϣ´ţٴŷлˡл
Ǻǣ̫ˡŷҹҡҡͷ¶˵ҪҵĹͣҲеЩǡǵҵѣҲô飬Щ˻֣ЩЩֵ֧ļ壬Ҳĸֵģ˵ΪһɾͻᱻϿҲ̫ʵڿɶúúõģȻҳ⡣
ҲǸЦЦҵȷǵó⣬ΪҲǵŷҹˡ
ҵǺϵ磬֪ǵһԼֵ֧ļ壬Ҳ¶ӣȥֹǼӵȥһЩ߰飬ǱҲǼԭҺܿŷҹ˵
ǶлŷˣϹȥҲΪԭ򡣡Ҳ̾һѾ͸¶˼ŷҹͣ˵ǸŽһ£ЩҲϲϴøãܽύŷҹȷһҪǿԮ㹻ɵߵøԶѾµĳϵӣŵȡϵϣȥ
ԺԺ˵ɣҲֻ֪ڵ˻ԣպų˲ĵӳϣţҲŵʱҲܸԤģ˵Щ̫硣ŷҹһתžãƻħмʤ㡣
ԥˣҡͷħųһΣʱͲ˷ĴڣҲûбƹļأҿӦǺѣһŷ룬Ҳת
̫ˡŷҹЦҡͷһ֪ħܲƵõһұ׷Ůѵ䣬ҪЮƳħ֮ǰһ֪
ʲôһ£¾ȻиҪЮŷҹˣ˰ɣʲôôĵӣѵΪѾ
ǵûУ潻սĻɱ˺ܽƻûҷ١ŷҹüͷ˵ĵ˺ܿ¡
֪ʲôǽ𣿡֪ŷҹ˵ЩѾǸΣȻǲ˵žԼŬȥŷҹһЩ֧Ԯ
һƳħܳɻǲɣնǺܴʱʲôһҪð˵ʱһҪʱˣ仰˵ǵĳҲãҲãԼһʱ˳λãܵ˻СһΪʱҿҲ˲κˣֻܺΪ֮ˡŷҹѶԷ
ˣ֪ŷҹ˵ЩҪԼЩȥʲôֻǸаеĵڿħһεжضǷǳΣյġ
ȻָŷҹȥΪʲôʵŷҹҲðźܴյġ
ϾЩӦԼ֪ܣһ˾ͻһַɴ˾ͿԿŷҹԼĽţǺкøеġ
ħܣ֪٣ŷҹʵ
ȻĪħѪNǰѾǱ˹ȥǶ궼ûлħʶֻ֪࣬һħֵλúʱ䡣
Ƕħ˽ĻҲ֪ܶ࣬ŷҹҪӲ˽һЩ
Ҳ治˽⣬ϾһΣֵħܹҲʮΣлмǸû˷ֵģǷˣΧĽƶ˲ˣ͸˵֪ôһˡҲǿЦ
ħҪˣҶעһ¾룬ҪȥΧơǰ¬ϵôҶעⲻҪʻ̫ˡ
ŷҹǰʱȴʲôҲʶȴѾһ̾ףǾħˡ
Ҳ֣ħĴڱһͨ˽Ӵ飬ͻȻ֮ӵðһͨܿõĹǻ綼˰


387 Ŀ
ŷҹʶ׾ܷһӴĽƣȴеףôȥħƵģΪǶûʶ֮
ŷҹʶҲʾ֪Ϊ̽ħڣҲֻһЩֵĹҲֻ⼸εħֲſʼģǰʱ򣬿»ûйôһ˵
ǰ߱ڸǿһЩҲƵķ̽طɡ
ɴҲܿڶħȻȻҪǵӳ̶ѾǰˣҲΪǰûгɹͱڵľ档
ŹȥƿƵ˾ˣƲ˾㣬ҲǵɣЩҲԸģ֮һͿˡ
ֻǽĹ߶ŷҹŻһЩ仯
ȻҲǶԷͬÿɷһɵԭ򣬱ϾƿħĻʵ̫Сˡ
ʼʱǻԶʹ죬һܲƿ֪أŷҹҲǰԾͬˡ
һƿˣǻ᲻ðŷͳһսߣһµֿŷҹǿɾ˵׼ˡ
ǰӦþħĽˣһصǲѣֻǶֻܽ룬޷ƣǲ̫֪֮ڵĶɡ˵
ŷҹͷʵһ˵ǽƣһ۷ͨûа취Ҳûа취еһ򣬴ӶôҶ֪һ˵еħ
ȻֻҪΪǿһЩĹߣܽһ֮УΪҪһҲˣƬ﹥㣬һǻй¶ܡ
λһɡׯһк
ס˵ĻһҪƵĳ֤ǵһ˳ģֻȫŷҹ
һʲôҲû˵ֻ֣صŶԷһ֡
û֪仰жҪãŷҹ˵һοһشĿ顣
ɲȥȻǲеģŷҹǱҪȥģŲҲˣӢһʼûħĴ㣬Ҳȥ˼ҸǼȻѾˣ뵥ˣҲǲܴӦģôҶ˵ĻŷҹҲûа취¡
ʱֻӲͷƤˡŷҹĶЩӽȫһɡ
һָоһΣħܱˣħĹǻ治ǰ˸ƽ֡
ŷҹ֮ǰЩúȥһƽֵķɲŷҹڱƵԭ򣬻ǱֵֻĽƣħĹܸܿǰ˸ɶûйϵ
ȻŷҹĴŵĻǺܿҲлõ
ǶҲŷҹָܷʲôԴˣϾŷҹЩϢ̹˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ȻŷҹѴģǰ˴ɵ˶ˣҲû˻֪ôģܿܶΪǳʲôʧ󣬻˵ĹУ״Щпܵġ

һ֮󣬽Ÿ϶ӴԾ¡
âһҶ˽֮ڡŷҹһ£Ƴڵ֮⣬ȷǻã֮ǰ˵ģƱ濴ҲֻԺݵˡ
ͨˣֻǱ⣬ͲܽУȻΪѾǶԲһҲȥ
ȥ»ģʽжŷҹҲ֪ǺʣԸ㹻ˡ
֮ԲĸҲⷽԹˣȻɲָôʵȥʲôħŶķ
һз򣬶ҪʵԼˣ֮⣬ȫǸơ
ŷҹһ룬̷Ǳ߶ڿȻŷҹЩɵﻹЩˬģƢ𱬵̷ϣȻܷȴǲȫԼŭڸס
ŷҹҲ⣬˽֮ڣǰȻһ䣬һտصĿռ
ռ俴Ʈ죬ƺһǵҪߵκһľͷȴֻ֣ᷢǰңǰ޷нˡ
ĵ߽磬˻һװ뾶ԲȦһ˱߽磬ͺǱ˲ĲӬõǰĹôŬҲ߲ȥ
ĸͻϰ
ڳܶ˶룬תǾֻпЦˣĸֻĿԣﶼˣͻᱻɱɲġ
Ŀ֮޾ǿգѾ̫ڴķΧȵطֲڷΧı߽ϡ
ÿһ͵Ĺ󣬿ȥһͷ󣬵ǵ˽ӴЩâʱȴָûκεЧ
ô£̷ɻżλϿȥ
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ʵϣһЩһЩħļأûһģشǰǲ˽ʵûиĿд
Щ޵ļܶ˶֪ǽħĹؼֻͨһܽħڲսڲĽƣһˣӵħеĶ
һأȴǰ˹棬ûƹ
ٵĶѾܲħˣģ֮еһ̸ȥƽأ
ڴǰĵ伮ֻ֪ͨܽսȴҲû˵ôܽ룬ڹһûд͵˼ǸҪô
ʱ䲻ԡŷҹ˵
ΧĳˣҲ΢΢ͷħȻƹܶζƲˣǴû˵ħ˷óȥġ
ڵĹԾЩȲǽ룬Դط֮ǾȻ·ˡ
Ҳŷҹ֮⣬ոջһضţڶûУ̸ʲôġ
ڵҲûа취ˣֻǵȣʲôʱŻִ͵֣Ĵ㡣
ҷɢһ£ÿһ涼һЩˣݼأӦֻһܴͣȴ֪һҪȷһʱܽȥ˷̫ʱ䡣ׯ˵
Ҳǵͷ
Ȼûָ˭ε䣬ŶȥĻһжǰ״ڼƽʲôûá
ׯ⻰˵ҲħûȷڼأһжģģȻԽԽãҲ֪ʲôʱܿһ˭֪ˣܲܽȥ
һҲʱ޵أ˵ܽȥˣҲʧȥսħʱأ˭Ҳ֪ħսΪʲôԭ򣬶ûܳɹġ
ǵļأҲͬȫҲϣħǲÿһζͬı仯Żġ


388 ˭ҧ
һȺ˶εذׯϵ˵ɢڸΧϢЩɴڹ
Ϊһ̲һսû뵽ȴʲô¶ûеոջȵѪʱȴȥ
û취˭ô᲻ء
ŷҹûЪţռı߽һ飬˿Ҫҳ֮
ɲΪΪ˸һԻֻô򵥵ĻδҲ̫Сħˡ
һ֮ҲòǴκһһ޶ʶĸӦҲû˿ġ
СʱЩѾʼͷˣǹûзӦ˭Ҳһ취ûУ泤Ҳֻüͷȡ
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ĵʱѾԽԽ˵ʱͻȻͬʱʱԭһģһĹҲԵı仯
ɫԭĹâ˲ͱѤ
ЩվڹеˣûеȷӦ͵һʱ䱻͵˷оʧڴҵǰ
˴֮⣬ԭֻһᴫͣͬʱˣһӰѱٵˣֳɡ
ȻߵĻС֣ɶУɽжϵʱˣҪһ
ɫɫɫɫɫ
֮⣬ûκεĲˣλҲüͷΪǵҲûоһ
͵ĿĵһģǵûʲôˣջǾһ
һأôĵط͸ȫһЩʣЩֻ˱͹ȥģҪˡ
£ҵһʱҪȥģԼµӶһâԭȻǲʿ֪ˡ
λͲ˵ˣһ𣬻ǷɢׯҲɫѿ
ҪҲֵĻȻǸȥԵܱȽ϶ķһǲǾ͸ⷨĹƣ
ЩƲ˷Ϊԭأ
ԣֻô򵥵ԭ򣬲ûּּأҲͲٷּ򵥵Ĵ
ɴ˿뵽ܾʹûз֮ǰ²ħÿһοһЩµı仯ԲŻЩߣѾȥ¼ʲôˡ
Ϊһμ¼ĶܳΪһνߵľ飬ܿܲһЩ󵼡˵һϢҲǴӵ伮õϢҲΪϢεľء
ô죿ֻׯʣҲʡ
һȫģһĸڡ
λǲõĻҾȽˡʱŷҹȴһ˵
ЦЦûеЩ˸κλӦѾ̤ǰһɫĹ
һӴҶˣ˭Ҳ벻ŷҹȻʹ죬붼Ѿѡˡ
ɫһ𣬽žǶŷҹ޸м֮飬ΪǽŵĵӶǱ͵ɫĹ֮С
λţĳҲһӸûʲôԥģһͳɫ̤ȥ
ŵĳϺ͵ӣԼͬؽɫһʧˡ
ô죿ͲؽǮҲ
˱泤Ҫ˽ŷҹĿֲԴʱŷҹѡ񣬶һ֣ѵʲô뷨
ⲻǲܣ֮ǰŷҹϸع۲ЩҶǿģȻŷҹʲôҲû˵˭ҲѱǶԷİôġ
ŶһԥؽɫţҲǶĶ
λҴһҲǸƵˡ
˵仰Ҳ˳ɫ
ҼȻͬˣǽһҲˡؽ˵Ҳ˱̬
ҪһˡǮҲǺ
˶һͷͬʱ˽ɫ
ɫҲֻнŵˣĸɵ˶УڴһҲǺ
ǸѡԭɶΪŷҹˡ
һߣȴǰɶһ߶ȥ
Щˡ̷ţȴҲ֪˵ʲôźá
ɫûɵˣ˵Ҫ׷ȥǰԼĵӶˣ
ֻܹôˣɢߵ˭뵽
λҲʱˣΣׯҲΣ˭˭ҲƲŷҹһأ
˵ⱾôҪӲżɣǵѡȥԼĵӣǿ¶ԷҲӦ
ҿǷֿǵĵӶ̶ȱס¬ϴʱ
ҲֻˣߣǸŷҹҲ̫ˣлᣬҪúʰһ¡ܳ
Ҳֻһѣ˵ܴܲùŷҹܴùȥ
ʵⲻŷҹ飬ǶòѡԼĵӣҪģŷҹֻΪһѡ񣬶ѡõڶɵֶ֧֣˿ûкôǲŻߡ
ǿǣĴɣѡ˸ŷҹߣǷĵӣֺģҲġ
ûѡһȻһΪһ޷ô࣬ǹؼ
һһռ䣬˲ǽһ޴ԭʼɭĴնڸ֦ܵҶⶼ޷ԿռԵЩ
ҪŷҹʲôطͻȻҲ֪һ٣һƣѸپ˼һ黨ӣȻһɾïܵĲݴһ·קȥ
֮£ȫҪѣôȴ޼£ǵ͵նƵӡ
⻹ΣҪǣֶֻεţò
͹ˣ
ߵţͻȻ˵
һǳŵˣ
óһϲΪŷҹȻԼоˡ
ŷȡֻ˵һͿˡ
ȻŷҹҲúǸľ׮һѵŤͷһɨͿȽĶͽųϵӣһľ׮϶εı顣
ǡɵˣոԼŷҹͻҵˣȴû뵽ŷҹȴһ˲
Ҫң꣬ﲻܶûɱҲҪ
̫࣬洺ŵĳϺ͵ӣҲһһϹͽŵĵһҲһľ׮źã׽ǵˣǹŵġ
ӴؽǮҲˣǶŴʲô֣ŷҹЦ
ʱؽǮոյĳͬһޣŷҹǾһ񣬵ǿŷҹӣʱˡ
ʲôŷôҲǵһӦġ
Ծ͵ˡŷҹǺЦ˻٣˭æҧ


389 Ķ
ǶޣǸо˳ͨɲˣ˵㿴˭о
˶𣿡ŷҹͻȻʵ
˶ˣ˭Ҳ֪ôش
ԥ˰죬˵Ӧ˰ɣѾûˡ
ţǸڽһ󰡣ŷҹ̾
Ƕ޶ᣬҲң֪᲻ء
ôţŷҹҶ˵ֽʵ
ôȥʵ
ĵصһȰɣڷ̫ǿһЩ˵ŷҹֻش
ʲôͲؽǰһǲ֪ĶܿóȴŷҹȻ˵ֻǾ˵˽ģҲ˵ܴŴһȥ
ѾʲôضûȤˣҪ˶ıغԴʲôôһǿòߡ
Ҫģܻ߳ȥ
ûв´ĻɫĹֱ𶼶ӦзǽɫҲ˵ľԷǶˣǿһ£Ļǻʲôŷҹûлشǵʣֻǽڷ⡣
ҲŷӦʼ˼
ʵɫУ֮ǰҲһǳԵ⣬ΪûмأԴҲûǰġ
ոձסʱ򣬶ǴʧɫӣҲûʲôڿȷŷҹ˵һľԷ
ҲǲСֻǵһʱ䱻ץס֮󣬾ȻûкУŸֵġ
ɱΪˣǰҲһ£ǰߵĻɾͲô׹ˣֻһѣǰɾǹʵľˣǿһ£ͨϵľͷһΪľ̹Ļмܻŷҹʵ
ӴҶһ亹һѾǶԸˣҪǰȥǻ·һ
һʱҶеڽˣתһ룬ǲܳȥģһؾ֮·
ȥԴķȥ
ôʱͻȻŷҹʵĵһķһ
Ļ뵽ʱһЩݣ콵ʯش̣֮ĶְɣڻͲ˵ˣǸȥʵûʲôýƻõҲõޣһӦˮ󣬵ˮԲã˵˱̱֮ĶǿҲܣŷҹŽһС
Ļȥ룬ֻôһ£ΪˣЩùķǸӵĻ֪ȥ˻ʲôӣ
ôһֱռ˴ˡ
ŷҪȶãʵ
Ҳ̫ˣǲ̫õģӦһģҲ޾Ե˶ȥⷨǳȥĻ͸һЩŷҹ˵
ǡǲǾҪܸѹǮƺЩףһģӦͬЭһŶԡ
ţȷҪǾõĻҿھһȥǰԸǷֵһЩѹţԼȥⲻǾͺΪ֮ɣжϣǰʱںҲӦû̾⵽ŷҹ˵ʣҪھ𣿡
ҪҪҪ̾ͲҪҪĴȫԼŵݡ
Ǿֻˡŷҹ˸Ƿ˵˭ʲôĵģ˵ôҿһ¡
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һҲƺһЩ֮ǰĶ
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Щҵÿһӡ֤ŷҹĲ²⣬ȻϸСȴôҶɫ뵽Ǹڻôݵص
Ҳ֪ǲԼ뵽ʱ򣬶һļƤ񣬾һεðǶĶˣ
ŷҹȻûдģȻ֮ǰһ˲䣬ǶΪԼˡ
ţˣʱ֮ŷҹͻȻ۾˵
ҶǾһ񣬿ͻƵʱҲҪˡ
ֻһƿ𣿡æʵ
ɵļλΪ˾ͱȽϲˣӦȫûˡŷҹԴҲΣԼҲǷ
֮ǰƴȫȰˣҲûа취ٻصǸȥˣ˷Ȼǲġ
ڻﻹеӵĽһź׷Ŷ̾һҲû취Լ̶ȵرڵĵӺͳϣѾǺܲˣȫǽŷҹı°
ȻЩѾˣҲʼɣŷҹ˵ҿʼʱǾԼˣʱ䲻̫ⶼĻֻ˵ˡ
ҲǵͷϾŷҹҲɣһԱûУԼõùԹκˡ
ˢ
ûκԤ׵ģŷҹϵͻȻϵϵ£ûһסŷҹ
֪ŷҹ˵Ͳʲôֻڵ⼸ɸˣؼһЩûмǰġ
𣡡
ȴҵĸм֮ķģŷҹһС
һһֻСǰǽǾۻˣΪֻСٶʵ̫죬ûеǿӣѾһŻˡ
˵ǷҲһΪһźɫ棬ͺһת˲֮Ѿ˲֪Զط
֮еľȼҪɽĽడ
ŷⲻǶɣǮЩĵ˵
Ȿľ󣬵ôһգоǽ˻һ
Ǻǣ£ŷҹֻǵЦЦ
ȻûôҲ̫ãҲһæµڿԶĻ⾰ʱͻȻ֮ϵѾˢˢضѿͬʱͻָɡ
ɣŷҹкһԼȾ̤Żǰˡ
ҶŻԵֿһ£Ǻĵӿɾûôı£ܹЩˣΪҲóЩ涼ͨĻ𣬾ҲҪСӦԣ˲УֻСҲһͨޡ
ŷҹҲûпǵһ㣬һ·̤ʱ򣬾ͿϵĻ֮һգŷҹ֪յʲôطȥˡ
Ĵһϲŷҹǰȥˡ
Ϊһսǽǲŷ֣Ҫľٶȸŷҹˡ
ʱǲŷ֣Ƕŷҹ˽⣬ʵֻһЩţʱЩŸͲĿֲ


390 
ƩڴҿЩȻڲţҪ˹Ҳ֪Ǳŷҹʲôַ׷׶ն˵ϣǽǰѽҲҪ쵽ʲô̶ȣ
˵ǸûпŷҹĽһ·ƺûô֡
ŷҹȻҲûôɣ׻ԼԦɽЩѶȵġһ󲢲̫кרľĻƺڣӦҲǿܴﵽˡ
˵С꣬ľͲܶʲôͺˮͲһġ
ʮңĴɵ˶ŷҹһ·ߵ˾ͷٻͷȥʱѾһƬǽ壬ľҪյòҲ̶ˡ
ʱھͷĵطҲѾһâǴ͵ķ
ŷҹһ̤˽ȥӰһʧˡ
ȻҲԥһһ̤뵽˷
طʵһ˭֪᲻ʲô仯֣ûŷҹб仯ǾͿ·һˡ
ȻʵĴźͳҲûôֻµĵӾöˣҪǳȥֱǲܵġ
âĴɵ˶һռ֮ǰǸֱ׵Сһ㳡ҪһЩȴû֮ǰǸȥЩ谵
ٿɵʱǵ϶ٶЩǱҿҩʦһӣﻹûг·Ȼ˳ˣֻʧ˸ղŵķ档
߿ȥǿŷҹһȻҲûʲôģϾŷҹһı£ҪҲʲô⡣
ǽǾˣĴɵһһӴʱȻǽŷҹǷȫųˡ
ɶҧľһ·ߵжѣڵӾ֪ˣǼ۷ĳ϶в̶ͬȵˣٿŷҹǱ߶һӶ߳ġ
ʲô¶ѵɵĳϻһССĹӣ
ȻţǶһ£ŷҹ϶ҵƸոǸܣԲŻЩߵô˳
Ǳɣ֪ܾȻûи˵ȥЩյķʵ̫ݶˡ
ŷϣ֪Ǹܷ߳ΪʲôȴҪ˽ѵҪǺ𣿡̷ŭ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼ûһܺ׾߳Σҵ㣬﷽߳׼ǵĵӣһľ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ǡǵȻᣬһжԵΪء̷ϵȻܵŵǵ棬˵Ҫǵ˵
ͨӣҲڹؼʱ̾׷οδģԲͨĵӡ
ǾͲ˵˵Խʲôı𣿡ŷҹЦˡ
̷Ҳ޻˵˼˵Ҫ֮ǰķ󣬲˵㻹ҪǸ˵˵ʲô
Ҫ˼֪ľȽףȴһҪ߱ȽյĻѵҲҪñ˸ȥ
ƺǲܵģֻǺԶûеΪ˱ȥĹϵ
ˣȻҶѾˣǾоһһҪô߰ɡׯȰ˵ȻҲŷҹǵȷûʲôָģŷϣţ֪ʲôҪһ
֮ǰĽѵȻǺ֪ŷҹѡˣҲûеҪȣŷҹĸǾĸ
ŷҹʵҲѾˣطͷҲʯţÿϸдһ֣һǡһǡ
֮ǰҪ֮ѡڿ֮ѡˡ
ɲ֮ǰУŷҹѡһԼȽаյĽ룬֮Ҫôѡȫ
ҿҷֳ·ɣһһ·ŷҹ˵
ߡ롮̷ϽʵȻǲŷҹ۵Ļᡣ
ǶѾˣŷҹĸǾĸͲСӻռʲôˡ
ѡţô˵ŷҹʵ
ôɣҲѡš¬˵
ǰ֮ǰҲŲ֮ضׯЦ
أŷҹЦЦʵ
Ҳšܳ϶һۣҲѡ
ô˶𣿡ŷҹüͷǿֻܴĴˣʡǶţıظˡ

泤϶Щɵˣô¶ֱСӸˣˣ϶ǸĶˣȴ˵Ҫţ˶ˣִ˷ȥռˡ
ؿŷҹִˣΪһռˣ˵군ˡ
ոһ£öҲãǾ͸ĳŰɡ̷ͷ˵
ţǸ뵽һȥˣҲšЦ˵
ȻҩʦҲŴһ𡣡ׯϸ˵
ǡŷҹҲһ£λҪʲôҲûУܾܿͱ߳ˣӿɲð
ϸû˴ŷҹƺѾһ£ﶼǵ
ɣû˰ɣ¶˰ɣС㻹˵
ðɡϼһﶼûЭ˼ŷҹҲֻٸı⣬źˡ
泤ϣﶼڼٵתȦŷҹڵʲô
һţĸΣգĸǱأ
ͻȻһţػ档СӵĽƻ֮ڣһʼѡţȻ֪ҶţͼװţһַսҶΪʶʱȴı
Ӧѡţš
Ҿá¬Ҫˣôŷҹ
ҲǰɣŷҹЦʵ
Ӳ¬죬泤Ҳˡ
ǰôȥҲǸ¶һŷҹõǷսǻ֮ٷս
ǵŶеȣôѡ
һըֻصԭ㣬ѡһô򵥣򵥵˵ۣ
ǾҪ˷ֳһŷϣһһš¬ѧˣҲ˵ѡĸţҾ͸㡣
ٺ٣һȫİ취ŷҹѡˣ͸ŷҹ̷Ϻ͵ǾǽһȥɣΪɵĴҵһҲӦõġ
ʱˣҲǸùһѡʱˡ
һҲѧķֳɣȻҲһΪ
ǳ֮з磬ҲüͷҲǶŸŷҹһأϾŷҹڹһεķʱǿǴؾͳƳˣֱ£ɲЩܱȵġ
һʱҶǺܴĲǵӱϾǵӣٲҲֱ˵ǳ֮䣬⡣
λ˭ŷҹ˭ô죿


391 ⶼŷҹ
ûа취˭Ҳ˵˭ΪԼС̣˭ܾù˭أ
޷£ֻ·䣬ϸŷҹߣӽһš
ӵǾ͸ˣԼǱ׵ˡ
Ǹһ䣬ǻûеŷҹʼѡ񣬾ͿһҩʦŵӣͲ˳˵ʲôֱߵ֮ǰһ̤˽ȥ
ţҲһӿȥɣߵȴţһ߽
˸ʧʱʣĳ϶ˣ漴˶׹
ǲ϶ǵİţԼľǾҪԼȥѡ񣬲ܳǵԼ
ʱҲʶ͸ոһССѡѾѴĵӶˣЩҲԼ֮ˡ
˴ͷʣĵҲѧȥϵɫѡԼߵһţת֮䣬ɣֻʣϣĵѾʧˡ
ͻȻһִܸУ֮ǰһϣܽ뵽ħڲϣõħıأҲΪһ׳٣ɵʷصһʣ֮õɵĿأԴ֮£Ϊͻͽ
һжûʵֵʱȴѾоԼˣ
ǼǲȺؾѹܰܣһһҪõأֻܲܡ
ʲôҲûеõôֻȥĻֻ֮Ҳûǵ֮ˡ
뵽ǶĿ䵽ŷҹϣȴѡ
ôģĵţŷҹûлӦЩҵĿ⣬ǳĴɿȥ
ǽŸŷһߡȻǵһͱʾԼ̬ȡ
ǴҲǡ
׷Ҳǡ
һҲǣ
ǲֿ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ΪţһҪͬµòħıأֻҪѴҶƽشȥˡ֣ص˵
⻰һ¶ǸжԸӡ
ǵŰԸҪأҲǴҷֿ
Ȼôʱ򣬻ǳɵϿȥλǳ¹¹ķﰡԼĵӶˡ
ʵĿ⣬Ļһ˵泤̾׺䶥һ
ǰ㿴Ƕʲô¶֪Ҳô˵ˣŵӸŷҹߣҪһҪһô͸һѵӶ˵Ľأ
ȻǾ˳һֱžͷ룬밡룬𵱳ŷҹ˵Ҫֿ·õصĻȻǱߵؾͶŷֳ·ķȥˡ
ڱ⻰һ˵Žеͷȣ泤ϣȻС
⡭ⶼŷҹ
ŷҹǾҲûеҪҲܼһԼӣһŷҹȫɶŷҹһߣʲôľǵòҲҪǻڵ
˵ףǻ̫ںħıˣŻڵľ档
ҲûᣬֻܼϣŷҹѡԣǶܵõ㹻Ĳصɣᱻ𷣣ȻĻǱȥ˵ĺá
ȵȡ
ͻȻ֣Լ֮ǰŷҹǲЩ̫ˣǲŷ֣ʵŷҹ϶Ҳаٷٰ֮յģǡ
ˣͬʱ뵽һȥȻ󿴵ҲԼһ뷨͸Ӽᶨ뷨ٽңҴٽ㣬󶼰жϵʵ˭ŷҹһռˣֻһжϺ뷨ѣûʲôݵģ
ͺ϶ǸǶȻ󿴴Ҳô˵ҪһѣѺĸѹĸѺˣŷ֣ԭΪ˵ǶԲҲǸѺģʵǸ˸ֻӮһѵͨͽǣҶˡ
ΨһϣľǣϣǸŵͽٶӮһѣΪѾԼеıǮѹ˵ϡ
Ǻã߰ɣţһ֮ضĸоŷҹһӣŶȥ
һĻϵȴźţɣ֪ҪѡģҪǡ
ȻǼߵ뵽ʵŷҹѡţҲôźģ˵ףⶼģûˣŽȥɡ
ռһ֮Ѿ֮УէһɶһﻹһƬţ˵ûΣգվЩͷ
λɵĳϸһǰ棬Ĵм䣬ûʲôɣŷҹϾǵ䣬ֻѯʴҵ
Ҫ˵ҲǺȥǰ棬ֻŷҹѾ̬ˣҪǲȥԵǵƷӵ£ŷҹԼվǰ棬Ҳûˡ
϶ĬĬظŷҹһߵǰ棬Ҫô
ãڴһǰҵĽŲ˭Ҫ¡ŷҹ˵Щʱƺ֣ء
ŷʲô𣿡Ǯں̲סʵ
ڵЩ̫ѹ֣Ǯʣ˹Ҳ뷨
Ϊʲôⶼûз֣ԲҪСģŷҹ˵
һȻҲףħ϶ôôģҪô򵥵߽ȥ֮ǰǧҲһֱħˡ
ʲôҲûз֣Ǿ˵Σտ϶ǿĵطνǹ׶㣬ѷֿΣȻǸӿµġ
һһǰȥÿ˶ʮֵСģƺΣһֱǺԶһûг˼
ŷҹԼҲЩɻǲжϴ͹һЩգΣգҲû֪һ֮һػʲô
ǵʱȻȴַΣڣоﲻΣյʱΣվͻˣǺԵһʶ⣬ȴԱġ
ͣŷҹԶһ£Ϊ뵽ʲô⣬ͻȻ뵽һ⣬Щŵĵ
ûСׯ˼һ漴شƺֻĲߵţ˶ߵš
ǲҲˡܳǰһۣǲ֤ûʲôΣգǿԷĵǰˣ
ɡŷҹҲȷǸҩʦŵȴһˡ
֮ǰ͸оЩҩʦŵϢͬڿϢ⣬ƺȷǸЩͬ⻹·
Ǿ嵽ڵƺ˵ûΣҲеģΪϾ߹ˣû߲ȥ
˵ʱѾǵٶҲȥΪǵѾһ߹ĳʲôΣմڡ
ôһǾͳŷҹһξ룬ҲżӿٶȣΨһģŷҹˡ
һֱظ֮뻹ڼӴƺҪҶһ


392 
һ仯Ƕ涡ͽǶŷҹŷһˣڿŷҹ֮Ҳ˵
λϲҪ̫ˣб䡣ŷҹںѵ
ֻǸһӦͽٴǰˡ
ŷҹҲܶԷǲǻӦˣôظš
һֱ·ľͷǸоһ˿ףֻϧǷӦʱȴѾеˡ
з󣡡˾е
ʱ򣬼ɵĵѾвٵ뵽˴棬ϴʱЩǱĸо
һķɲǵһԣľˮԣһȫˡ
ˣһȻǵһķô׶ԸЩӶǹɵȽ߲٣ĶƣһӶ˸ֲ
Ϸ׷׶ԼıֶΣһߴһ߶ţΪʲôǵ֮ǰǸȴûбأ
䣬ŷҹѾϣ˸֮һƬ˵룬ڽǴû硣
ŷҹȻ죬Ҳûа취еĹǱ߶ĴҲǶԼľֹԼˣⷨĹ̫ˣҪȫܿǲܵģֻ˵ǰһЩȽܿʣһЩ޹ؽҪľֻȥˡ
顭
ڳһ֮ͻȻһı˸һ
ߣŷҹҲϵͣǰĵ·̤ǰȥ
ŷҹһߵǰ棬ҲûٸȥһλãǰǶԼû¶ŻȥģڿǺ氲ȫһ
һ·Ҳİȫûٳʲô״
ɵ˾ͷһҶҪˡ
ʯţһ桰һǡֱǶԸոʯŵķ氡
λôѡ񣿡ŷҹʵ
ǡ泤Ͽ˿ţҲЩ
Ҳŷһɣ˸ղŵд֮Ҫ˵泤ϻԼ㹻ܴⷨﴳȥõħıصĻһкܶ˵ľ
ŷҹҲûзԣںĹӺţûȥʣΪЩ֮ǰѾʹˣҪǲԸ⣬Ǵ֮ǰʱѾˡ
ǺãǿɱڡŷҹЦЦһ̤ˡ
϶ԥһ֮󣬻ǸŽˡŵĹ
ĴȻûʲôѡˣֻԼҪһߵĻᣬ˵ŵһǿɾͲһܳȥԼܲӵóȥһδ֪ˡ
Ӱһ֮˳һռȻѾ׼Ĺ߻˺ݺݳԾһ£Ȼ֮ǰҪö࣬ȫһƬڡ
ҪǴҶߣһúãܲܿ˵ˡ
ţŷҹĿ⵹ǿһˣ֮ǰ֮һֱûпĲ룬λʦҲϢ𣿡
ֻûаٹһءԷȻ̹Ȼشˣ˵ʱ˿ûȥҩʦŵĳһۡ
ҩʦŵϣԼҲ֪ӲԶѡ˳Ĭ
֮ǰһôģŷҹʵ
ȻǴġҲֱ˵
ŷҹһ䡣
ҲһӦš
˵ö㣬Ҳ˵ҲΪ֮ǰؿܹ޹أɵ޹أȫŷҹһ˵Ĺ͡
ô˵ȻеţҲʲôŷҹڵĻЩͨһѾˡ
һʲôΣ𣿡ŷҹʵ
һоش
ŷҹһصһΪһоŲóȻǰȥһֱſЩ빥
šŷҹͷȻҲͬһ㣬ʲô㣿
һ𴳴˵
ǺǣаһһţŷҹЦ
һѣҾᡣҲЦЦֻӦǲЦЦЩӲ
߰ɡŷҹ˵žǰȥ
ŷҹһ˴ͷڳˣŷҹǲǰٲȻ˲˵䡣
ҩʦŵλȻЩ죬֮ǰҲ֪ȽһЩҪȻҲᱻ˭Ҳ벻뾹ȻŷҹҲʲôе˳Ծˡ
ж˵ľȻǲ룬˵ͬʱѾˡ
һεķ棬ֻƺһ̨ףĻм仹ʯ֮Ķƺһӻˡ
䡭һʱ䷴ӦĲ뱻ҷɣǱҵõɶ
䡭ڴŷҹܸ˴ϣʱһӰ˳ȥǴҼ˺ŷҹ

ӴҶɵˣͲ˵ˣҶʲôӡ󣬵ŷҹʲôˣڳ˼ÿһ˵
˵ŷҹɽû˵ԹһΣŷҹȻ׾ҷˣɼжֲ

ŷҹǱҷɵһ˲䣬ҲΧƺǴҪնɱһϯ
䡭
һǱ󹥻֮죬һ˲Ͳ֪жѾˡ
ء
˴սʱһһŵĺڶ𣬿ȥĹһ
Щ̲ûʲôսܶ˱ɨûио֮󣬶ѾǵĴڣžͿʼӦЩĻˡ
ǲƬ̵ĹЩˣʼЩƲסԼˣǵǰѾǻȻ֪Լܳ⣬ȴȫֲʲô棬ʲôǻãֻܲͣĴɱԼİȫ
Ҳ岻˼Ѿķ󹥻ˡ
ĴŶؿԼµĵʧȥǵʱͻȻһХƿմ˵ľΪ֮һ
ŷҹ
˶ʱ֡
Ȼƽʱк֣ܶȴܸһȫС
۾һУͷҪ£ǻŷҹأŽһĴ͸̴ÿһ˵ĸĤ
ЩЩʧĵӣХ֮ͻȻҲָһЩǣ֪ԼոЩʧˣ̾ͰŷҹķԸ۾ųڵķн
ŷҹȻҲûţһһڿзš
ﲻ룬ȻҲյķ󹥻еķڳŵ湥ʱзͳһȫĵط
ȻǸǿ©ǼȻûͲܳʱͣڿУҲ˵©ʵûеġ
ɸոպŷҹķԼԼֻȴУһðķ󹥻
Ҫһ˵ĻѾ̹ȻˣȴǲУҪŴһ߳ȥ
ôһڲ֮صˣڿдŸһδεǿĹʱ˸оޱȵġ


393 ѲĶ
һȻǸоŷҹеԼ߲ޱοǸŷҹȻɾͲˡ
ôһ仯ʱĸסˣһӵͷڼŷҹҲǳŲס¿мΣڶоյشȥˡ
ȵһŷҹ˵ʱѾǵ˾ͷʱˡ
һζֽٺĸоΪ˿ǲٰﶼˣǵӣҲﱻɱġ
ûеõ۽ùɵ˶ЩĻˡ
ȳȥ˵ɡŷҹкһȳ
âһ֮䣬һλصһϤĳҶЩɣǲǴ֮󣬾ֻص֮ǰǸͨһأ

ٿֵʱ򣬴ҶѾҪǽˣԼҵʱһӰԼȥˣԵûĸҶ
룬ôŷҹ֣ҲЩ
ûû˰뿴Ҳǲ֪Ҫôˡ
λأŷҹʡ
λ϶ǳţ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
λʲôŷҹҲʲȻתĸš
һʻǳĬ
˵ʵڵĹŶټȥˣȫûг·ҲһţҲǸ֮ǰһǲǰ˶·ȥ
Ƿ󣬶һߵħŵķҲ⣬Ϊⷨ󲻹Ǹ˵ͲΪõģԼȻﶼΣգҲһǰȫġ˵
šŷҹȻҲͬ˵ٴοĴɣǷҪأ
˳ǵһվ
ʵ֮ǰҲõŷҹĸչˣȻĻڽŵĵ϶ҪӴ󣬵ǾҲһλ
Ѿȥƽʧ˶ٵ⣬ôʧ
ջ񣬺ǺǣǾͲҪȥˣħǲܱƵģҲܱЩƵ˵ģǰеҲⷨ
Ҳ˳ȻʣǿôѡҲǵһʱѡ˳
ҲŷҹʵЩŽŵ˼Ȼ֪ʲôԵʣǸŽߣӦҲʲô
ҴͷҲȥ̾ӿʱǲؽǮ鲻ˣҲֻʧԼӵˡ
£Ҳѡ˳
˳ѡţʵʲôܲ˵óȥ˭Ҳ֪
ȴһ㣬ŵĻм϶ûмܻųȥġ
Ȼһѡ
ǡׯԥһ£ǻǸŷһɡ
ǵʵ㹻ģǵڵҲҪ˳ȥ
˵ΪߵڣѾôĥѣ˳ȥǰ֮ǰŬ׷
ȻֻӲͷƤŷҹôѡġ
ǺðɣȻҶѡˣ͸жɡŷҹ˲һۣһǼš
ͷҲš
ֽ֪ȻҲûʲô飬һа˸˶С
ʣµһڹɣǸԴ֮󣬷׷׽
һ۵ʱȴѾڴϣ䲻ôһðȴ֮УͨһˮڼʱûǺˮһԼɵĴֻҲڸżæкϴȥ
һȺ׷׻صԼĴϣԼܻŻ
ļŶһۡ
˵ŷҹ᲻ᴳùħؽʵ
֪ҡͷЩѾܿǵˡ
ڵĽѾˡȴο
ſЦҲȷǣȫû棬Ҫȥ֪ʲô
һħҪǱǵõˣǲŽгˣǳ׵Լ֮Ĳ࣬ԼЩ˵ʵͲܵõħ
˵ħֻܽȥһΣٸǼεĻ룬ҲҪˣΪʵͲԳôӴĶ
ŷҹ˶ٽȻҶ֪ǰܻиΣգҲ֤ߵͷһħıɡ
泤ȻǷǳҪһԣԼûõʱأĸŷҹƽ֣ҲԼһռűˡ
һ˵Ǹŷҹһƽ֣ռһŷҹһҲǱ֮ǰõķݶҪࡣ
ЩԴ֮󣬱Ĳ˵Եֳ֮ǰľʧ󣬵µӸǲϲìĸӰ졣
ǻȥ֪֮﷢飬Ҳʲôˡ
ǵС̣ȻҲΪǶڲܵõ뿪֮Եĳͷηʹģǲòôȥѡˡ
ֻǵѡռ֮ĵһۣ̾ɵˣʼѡǲǶԵġ
ռ֮ǰһˡ
ǵһģһ˶һ
Ϊ׵һŷҹģ󣬺Ȼǲ룬󡭡
һһǵ˾Ȼ˿ûв
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ŷҹ벻ῴֳôʵҲһͷûС
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ŷҹôţѾ̤ǰȻϵģԷҲ̤ǰ
ŷҹͣߵط֣Էһȴ֮û˿ͣ١
Բۣѧ
ŷҹһҲҵˣԷȻǻûģǿҲֻ֪ҪԷˣǿɾˣħĶôܣ
ڽҫķǸ塰ŷҹȥ
ǸŷҹҲ˿̧֮䣬óȴǾڣŷҹӲõаʤа
ŷҹ˼ħⷨҲ̫ˣó㸴ҲˣԼûóĶҲҪƣ̫Ҫˡ
аֻаѣǸħɷʯںһЩϢ֮ѽѾЩˣǴǰһֻаȴûħĵˣѽһɷϢϢڳֽӰ죬Ҳ֮УɼţһСģǾͻᱻϵϢԻ
ŷҹȻõ⣬ɷϢҲȷһ鷳ҲаɷϢ壬Ȼɲ֪ʲô
ʣŷҹǿĽǰѺɽ֮⣬Ҫаʤаˡ
ƫƫʱŷҹȴܰѽóãʤаһ𣬹аɷϢҲŷҹܵӰ죬ǶԷȴᣬΪԷֻһӰȫᱻЩӰ쵽
һеĶԾΪ˶ûжǵĶҲûȥҶĿɿڴؿŷҹǸӰƴ٣ÿһһײĻ̻ͬһضǡ
ŷҹҲǴûôѲĶ֣־Լ


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Ҳ˵ŷҹоƣ۵ʱǸӰҲһоƣۣȻƣۣһġ
ŷҹһ־ǶԷĹƾȻֻҪȽһһСС֮󣬶ԷȻͲȥŷҹʮɻ
˵Ӱ񲻸ûִ᷸ģԼŹִ󣬸οͲ᷸Ӱأ
ʶ֮ŷҹһССԷȻǲǣֻץܰһɱߡ
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һѪ֮ŷҹǽѾԷҵѹ˽࣬Ҳܷһ
һһѪɽЩûбѹƵҲ
ǺԥͰԼ뵽ŷҹľһ֮ԼҲŷҹ³ɵûһ亹
һУǵĶҲʱЩǶƵʮǱӺҪǰͽŷҹ״һ
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ׯϵҲ˲仮Ѫ·ʱȾѪѪġ
ʱׯɻ;ȣΪĲǸһģһӰ񣬶ոջڱѹƵеŷҹ
ǡׯΪԼǿˣǸӰŷҹɱ֮Χˡ
ϸ֮ǳȷŷҹǸոհŷҹúܲҵӰȴ֪ܵȥˡ
ŸոһɣŷҹߣѾһĴƽתɣÿһеһȾһѪ
ŷҹˣ
Ƕصóôһۣ
ŸԼʵһģһӰ񣬾ûʲôʤ㣬ŷҹǿսΪ˶˶ԷһҪȫûļư
ÿ˶ôߵţǵǷӦʱȴͻȻ֣ԼʱȻû˸ոյѹˡ
ǰǸӰȻǰսҲ֮ǰܸоЩ
ԣЩӰʧȥ˺ǿˣ
Ӧ֮ϺͲ붼Ǵϲһеƴˡ
ҲԸӰһɢʧֻʣһ͸ӰӣֻһͿ԰ѶԷӰˡ

Ӯһ֮󣬼˶һΪҲ̲ס׷ڵϵϢûлָ֮ǰҲóȻǰˡ
λոôŷҹЦǺǵʵ
΢΢鴤һ£׻̷ֱӿʵŷϣһУôͻȻǶ֣ѵΪЩӰ֣ǾͲΪˣǺǣ̴Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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㡭˵˵̷޿̵
˵Ҳûеȴǲ˵̷ϵȷûи׵ΪʲôӮ
벻Ҫ˵ׯЩõ𱸵
ȻҲ̸ʲôֵܹϵǱϾͬһʲô飬Ȼһһپ٣ʱҩʦŵӵ̷ָϣȻ̫ˡ
ҵոôӮġ̷ϲ
ոЩӰ񣬶Ǹһ޶Ӧԣǵǵ仯仯ģҲ˵ЩջͬھҲõ״¡һؽ͵ЩӰʧԼȴܣпܵǱЩӰһնɱ
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뻹ŷҹǵϴ˿ڣӦˣЩӰֻһǾǵǵ˿ڵʱҲͬʧ״̬ʧǲģЩ˿ڶ˵ȴǲܸܵԷԽԽսʤǣԼʤﶼ֪ȻǣǡǺǡ
̷ϴʱҲ΢΢ЩΣæŷҹһ֣ŷϣ֪߲ոһʱͿ㲻Ҫ֡
ǺǡŷҹҲǵһЦֵڣλôģҪҪټˣһ˵ǰ棬м˭Ҳ֪Ѷȿ¶ԽԽѵģĵǾ͸һûеĻԼ˳ɣ֮״ֻ»ԽԽ࣬ǲΪÿζӦԣһüȥǰɣ
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ھ˵ȥƺҲ̫ʵͷûеأҲ߱ȥ
ɣʱ䣬ǸˡŷҹЦǰȥ
ʱׯǱҪˣȴòͣ¶ŷҹ첽ǰȥ
ʱǲŷ֣ԭʱԼЩ˾ȻѾʧȥٴħǰһϣŷҹһ˵ϡ
ĻŷҹֺαһҪأ
ԼҪصĻȻǻ㣬ǣǵǿɵЩһֻһζ鷳
˵֮ǰǶ˺Э飬ŷҹһҪһֱǵĻǼֱ̫Цˣ˵ƤǶ˵ڡ
ЭվڴҶܹͬȵǰµģԼЩ˶͹ײӲҪЭȥŷҹһߣǲʵġ
ԷڻûԼˣѾǸˣֻܾԼŬϣһ˦ǿɾ̫ˡ


395 ˭Ū˭
ʱҲ֣ŷҹոҲǿѪɽģڵȴһ
ҩʦŵǲԼͬ뵽ŷҹһбǻҪҩȻԸոյӣŷҹû˵ҪҲһΪ˿̫ӰһЩٶȣȴ˿ûӰ졣
ϰɣҲǼʶ˼ŷҹˣʱҲǸп
ϴμŷҹʱԼʤһΡ
ܰ
Ȼһ·ҲûʲôۣܵĴȴСҶ׷ţԭԼûôǿ󣬾۷壬ŷҹǰͻȻͱòֵǮˡ
ڡٴΰڵǰʱ򣬴һԥˡ
֮ǰԥǲ֪ŷҹѡһѧ˹ɵʽֻҪŷҹѡͺˣԥǣҪҪٸŷҹ
ʣžһ·ףпܾƵħǺжٹأû֪
ŷҹжٵıǮǿԼȴѾǰеĶ͹ˣʲôʣҲӦˡ
ŷҹոѾȷ˵ˣ·ɲָȥˡʵҲˣֻһ·˾ߣ˭ԸԷıķǱһߵķݶ
ţ֮ǰȥһѡһϷڣȴֻһټ򵥲ĵϷ
епܻӮǻ˵еӾͿ𣿽ȥɾУûкҩİ
Σ¬ϿһԼͬ顣
һ̷̾ϸһӦȻ̧ͷ˿ŷҹʲôҲû˵һ̤뵽֮С
һ԰̷ϣȴǵһվѡģһôҶЩѡ
һҲף̷֮ǰ԰ȴһûӵˣԼʵǺģΪҲףڵѾԾֻ˳ˡ
ŷҹ֮ǰĻҲһЩȵ˼ȴһ䶼û˵վǲܿŷҹһˣħء
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ŷҹҲͬУֻҪԶʤһٱ֪ˣҪˡ
ǵһδЦЦŷҹļ򣬡˭ֻһȺ޵󱲣ħֵطֻдԵˣܵõЩϣһֻ֪ıأȴ˿ãħıأԴ
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㲻ûţҲǿöѣҺ֪˵ʲôԼѾõħӦð褵Ϣ˰ɣŷҹʵ
Ǻǣһٷȥ𣿡ЩЦţһ̲յı顣
˵ɱңŷҹЦˣܶ˶ɱңǴûгɹʱ򲻾ѾҪɱһһ
̫ˡ뿴ŷҹΪ֮ǰûɱĻֻڵȣȥԸϼһû뵽㾹Ȼ仰ͰǼϼһȰˣǺǣʡһ鷳
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ҩʣȻҩʦˣǺǣȻΪᱻ˭ߣЦŴŷҹԼŮ˼ȵòҲˣָоӦǺʹĶ𣿲Ϊľ˽о
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ǷĽ˫ƾһò𣿡Цˣ˵ò潻սĻҵȷĶ֣ĪǸŮ̫ȻҲĹƳҲ˵һָܰڣҲ̫ѣûиоĹͷʲôڶ
ŷҹɫһƺǸоʲô
ҵ˹ƣŷҹʵ
һרֻ˹ͷɹǳ档¶ݣڿʼͻ֫ӲǱһҲƲԼĸоһֱѵ״̬һƷűɹǳҧõĸоǲǺˬ
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ϣһ㻹˵ֻ仰ŷҹһЦһЦ
˵ˣҲ㣬ѵûиоҲһɲǱǿϢ𣿡ŷҹЦЦؿŶԷ
˵ʲôҲ˲ɫ䣬Ȼ˱ˣȻҲ֪ŷҹ˼ҲΪʲôһֱûио
˵˭Ū˭ŷҹһ˵


396 
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˿ĹƲ£Ҫ˵ѾֵϵĹҲ£ǼֱЦ
ſôһͷɫȴȻȥڸոôһɲǵʱȻҲоֵֻŷҹϵɹǳ档
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ĹһʤаȻС
а֮ΪȾħɷʯɷŷҹҲ׶ãȴŷҹ˺ɽ֮⣬һѽˡ
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ŷҹſ˻ƶĽƣĪƺĪҲܿһУʱŷҹȴĪƵ
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ŷҹֻ΢΢һ£̾ĪƶԲĺֻ»Լ֮ϡ
걻뿪ģ˵ʱ׵ŮһоԼŮʱȴƫƫ쵰ƻˣһ¾Ǽ꣬ЩĸŮҲĪȻǺ޲һ⡣
ŷҹһУ߶ʱһòŮˡ
ĪƣȻ㡭
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ת˲֪ȻŷҹԼĹƳ棬ĪڵĹôܽⲻˣ
Ǻǡ
ĪƴӷռϱʹһƬ˪¶ȸǷ·½ȡ
ЦĪƿһ䱸ɻĲ룬ҧгݵĳħɱҵָʺ㣬λãĿɻ
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Ҫ˵ڵǰУҪĪƶΪ˽⣬ϾĪƵֵ´ҶĪƵʵҲǼΪļɵ
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ĪǴЦһŲƽȥ
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һڸĪƶԾʱоģԹͬһȴǿøˡ
֮ǰһֱæ褵飬ҲһֱҪѽȴǸȤˡ
Ҫ֤ѣǽ񽣣ֻҪѪĸоǴ˵ġ
֮䣬ĪѾϣɱĺлն̣̽һ˵ĹĻ
֣ŷҹҲ̹˵ΪʵŷҹԱĪҪǿܶ࣬ǶԷȴҲҪǿĵطǾɱ˵ļɺ;顣
Ϊħɱ˵Ĵʼߣ治һ仰ʹģĪƳû·ÿһɱѸٵķʽ
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ϢʱȥĪȵò벽ˣֱ˵Ѿ·ߣҲӿֳǿϢɱƺںͽϵɱ໥Ӧ
룬ڱҵʱн죿
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ݣ
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Ƶײ𣬶̽ն˲еذףֳ֮Ļǡ
˫ʱ򣬲еĺɫذ棬мӤȭͷСȱۣȻ̽𻵵ˡ
˫ڸոյһ棬ʮңڷֿһʱ棬Ӱٴζײһ
ͨ˵ĻͿ˵˶켣Ϊߵŷҹȴܹ۲һ
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͸һĨ֮ɫ
ʵͲĪƵ֮ǰǴεֵѾĹҪĪƵһιѾûʱֻܽ΢΢תܵĲλˡ
͡һ촫ڶܵĹУ粿콣΢΢һһѪֱ۶ȾѪɫ
š
ƺӲĿдҧأνһɴĪƵĹΧϵıЩŤ
Ȼ̫ؼڣϵ˿ǱǰĶ̽ˣŰɱ֮һľ֮С


397 İ
˵ʱĪץסᣬԷӦʱ䣬ν׷ȥ̽ɢɱ⣬
ŷҹڸղҲΪĪһ亹Ϊ˫Ĺ̫죬ʱʲôĻҪҲЩġ
ҵǣĪƾŸ߳սɣȡϷ磬˵˲롣
ϵ˿òҧأӻȡ׵ĴƿȻͷͽƿĶ̽¶ӡ
ŷҹһĻвûʲôġ
ϾӸղŲĻУ֪ҩʦŴ褣ɴж벻ҩʦԱҲȻ벻˹ϵ
ŻԸоӿֳһȵůᴩȫڻָĵͬʱҲϵ˿ڿʼϡ
ʵŷҹ²һԭҩʦŵĵӣŵУҲһ൱εĵλ
һ½ĳ֮⣬ҩʦûвż¼ΪҩʦŵĿģΪ˸λṩܶİ
ȥɱŷҹʧܵʱ򣬲ѾµԼκܿ˼ֵĽɫҩʦŵλϰ佫ŷҹߵץߣԴҪЮ
ԭڲļƻУҪλȥץŷҹĽŷٻģȴŷٻ߷ȽܣҪ޶ץЩѣ˶Σץˡ
һֵҵǣĿǰҩʦŵλϺͲ˶֪褵ݣ֪褵ʣΣˡ
̶ʱ䲻˿ڱѾϡ
ȻֹסˡֻвԼһ˿ԼɱȴûбԾɱԼ档
ܵ˿ɱǿԼʵʱǿ϶û취ˣֻⳡս󣬲ƶؽ˿ɱʳ
ǰ£뵽ܴܲĪƵѲ⡣
ಣ
һ˲䣬ĪƵӰ˲׵ĵط̽ɫĻӰȫ
ղŵ¼֮󣬲Ѿ̽Ϊɵ
񿴵̽ĪƵУȻӳôǿĹȻһȫζҪɫĻӰȥ
ͬʱȫܵʱϵĶҲûֹͣ
ʮɫâڼ簵һ㣬ǰγһεľԼĪƱƽȥ
ĪȻԲ뻳кĳޣһ۾ͿˣʮâʮֻĹƶӣ亦֪ƶ֮
Ƕ̽Ĺǳ£ĪǶԹƶ쳣ļɵεĹУ˫ΪԼµĹò
ǹƶɫĻӰʧȥ˵Ŀ֮󣬶Ǵӿз׷£Ȼ׹ĹУͻɢؼ䡣
ĪƣȥǶûкôֻʱѡһ£⺣ħ棬ǾսеĶԹȳ˺ħ֮нô
ڷĪƶԼĹƶԾɼɵʱ򣬷·˲ӵ˵һҲɻ
սͲҪˣ
Īһ΢΢ۿٴ˹׼
ĪƵҲһֱ֮ǰսʽĻ붨Ȼڶֳʤ
ǣҲޱס
Լ붼ħ棬ûκ֮˵ĸţֻ£ܹעһԲչɱ
ǣһħ֮󣬲õҩʦŵİôʱŷҹæȻҲЩֳֺõ飬ɲӦ
ҾĪӦҪͨŷҹһҲǲܵġ
ŷҹе飬Լ˵Ǹ褵ŮȻΪҪץŮŷҹƢûڵһʱ佫ɱѾѵˡ
иҪһ㣬ڳ˵УӵйħѪֻԼŮĪˣֻǰ;׹ħʿ
ĪƵ˽⣬˵ΨвԸħΪ˲ħĴڲУҲҪ뽫նɱС
Ǻǣֻһ˫ѣĪֺαôأ
ɫӲ԰𽥻ָЩɭһЦĿ⿴˺һֱڹսŷҹ˵㣬ֻŷҹǶɱҡˣڽħеУǻ뱣ҲС
ɱ㣿
ĪƻûлӦŷҹȴǲЦһŲһ¿һ̱Ѿԡ
һŵĲ룬ŷҹɭֻҪɱˣûֹܹȻôţǾ˵˵Ҳɱɣ
ҪôЦ˵شŷӦͲµ˰ɡ
ŷҹĻһ㶣üͷ΢΢𣬶ԼĲ²ѾЩΪˡ
ȻѾ֪ץǸ褣ҲӦ֪֮ץ϶ôġ
ŷҹڽɱħɱ˼λɱֵʱҾѾڹעˡһȻҲֶΣԿ϶Ѱܹ֤ȫ룬褣ҵı룡
ɭЦţŷҹĪƵԼȫļƻ
ڣֻҪǸҶҶ֣ôҩʦŵĳϣĵһʱɱ褣һǲ˿Ļɡ
Ȼˡ
Ľܣŷҹʱ˹ȵס
µȷʵǹ벻ĳԼǰ
Ȼ㹻侲ԴֵİҲǳͣδ֪ѡʱԾЩģϾû취֪˵Ļľ棬ľǼٵġ
ٺ٣ôǲѾǺˣҵļƻˣ
뿴ŷҹ˳˼УһĨ΢ɲľâǻ΢΢ڵȴĴ𸴡
ӹŷҹӳ˼лعıû˿仯ȴ¶һ˿ζ
˵ļƻȷ㹻ҳɣˡ
ŷҹ˵ţ仰ʱ¶ϲɫ˵ֻҪ㲻ҩʦŵ褣ҲͲΣգ˵ĶԲԣ
ţǵȻ
˳ŷҹĻŵͷҲһ˲䣬ɫȻ䣬κ׵ˣǸܵ˼ΪΣһ
ͻһĻĪЩĪе̽Ҫ׷ȥʱ򣬴ԣȴһǿҵιڼĲ롣
һĨӰĪƵĿһȻŷҹˣôȻòٶˡ
֮ǰĪסŷҹս󣬶ֲսԼսİѿΪ˿ŷҹ룬ʵġ


398 
ĪҪ˼ǣȻ֮кĳԹǣ褵ҲͷԵŮˣȻýȡжȡ
Ȼڵһʱˣٶ棬ͱȲŷҹ
ԣ֮ŷҹα˲ǰĵ·ϣɢŨҵɱ⣬ɭĿ
ŷҹղѾ˵ĺˣ㲻ɱң
΢Ȼս״̬ȴûڵһʱ䷢ǻȡŷҹı뷨
ţ˵û
ŷҹͷǳ˲˵ȻǴһ˿Ц˵ңҲûҪɱ㣬ֻǲ߶ѡҲ˵ˣҪ֤İȫΪʲôԼȴҪأ
ŷҹгʤаһ뿿ȥ߶ĹУҲ𽥵ѹ֮ޱ롣
ܵԵĿռܶȷɿӣЩѣɫһƬ԰ףһԼƽŷҹ΢΢£ֳ˿˿Ѫۡ
ŷҹ㲻Ҫң
ףĶŷҹ˵ҪĻ褿϶ҲˡǣֻҪӦ⺣ħ治ɱңһȥ֮һ褰ȫػȥ
ǡ
ĺˣһɱģ
ŷҹ΢΢ŤԭػһӰɢٴγֵʱѾվ˲ǰʤаնĿλá
㣡
ƺ벻˵Щ֮ŷҹȻҶԼ
˫УɫһҪֱ̧ۣȴѾˡһĨĹӰǰһȻ㷢ؿһ
ȵҺ֮ӿͷһ̵ζлŲŵɫ
һ˵ı飬㻹ûأ
ŷҹһͣ·ѾɱĲ룬˵˵֮һӣվԭصĲ˲ʧ
һ̣ڻƶڿռ档
ŷҹĪĸŮϴ֮ɫڵϣһߵĲ롣
ڸսƶʱŷҹͽϵĻָҩȡˣҷסĵûа취
˿̣ϴСС鲼ʮ˿ڣЩ˿ڶĪƵ̽ɵģʹûָԵҩĻǺϵġ
ŷҹ˵Ļ
Īüͷ壬һü˼ŷҹʵ
Ҳţ
ŷҹӦǣĿǰҲɱȷ褰ȫˣȷһ֮Ҳ
Աߣ̽ѾĪС
͸һĨŭ⣬ŵϲƺߣѪܵĲ룬û¶κɫӶ̽һڲֱ棬ͳһѪܵ˺ۡ
ȻĪĪƲʶû죬Ѫȴ໥Ӧ˵ĹϵദļΪǢ˺Լĸ׵ףĪȻ
ȷ˲ûз֮ԺŷҹŮ˵²˳٣Ҳ֪ħֵ׻ͣãץʱܴУԸܹɹɡ
³ħʱŷҹܺúôǰĽ
ħô̵ɣĴ棬ʮֱ˰֮
棬Щ֮⣬ֻһεļ̨׳ļ̨棬Ʒڷ档
ƷУһѳԼףͨɫ䵶䵶棬ŷҹܲκε·һͨ䵶ѡ
ֻ˵棬ûһ˻Ϊ䵶ܹͨڷħ棬ԿĲ
Ѻɫ䵶֮⣬һɫԼһſƻһĶ
ŷҹߵ̨Χʮ׷Χʱǰͳһ㵭ɫĹĻ赲棬ż̨ϵƷȥһ㡣
Ų赲֮ŷҹϴž֮ɫԵĪƺĪ
˶ǷǰĻɫĻҲŷҹĻ赲ߵʱٶҲࡣ
һ
ŮĵǰУǵ崩ĻʱһɼΪϤĻɢֱӿǵ档
ȻɺȻӿû˿ǰ£ֱںϽ˵ѪҺ棬ĪƺĪǸоԼѪҺҪˡ
Ůɫ죬лҰɫӿ֣·ǵлȼһ
ŷҹ濴һĻΪŮʲôҲɵӿֳһ˿֮ɫҪʱȴõĪƵѡ
ҪģܸоԼĹħѪڸһľѡ
ĪƵϴ˷֮ɫоԼѪڸεıʵҲڻ㲻Ƶļ
ĪƵĻ֮ŷҹżҲ𽥻
Ī˵ĶģôӦÿԲµˣղΪʲôԼᱻһɫĹĻֵˡ
֪ĪƸĪǾ߱ħѪʿӦÿħһԱˣԼΪûйħѪ赲⣬һûʲôϡˡ
ڿһĻʱŷҹҲΪЩƴҲҪħʿ͹߸еϧ
ڸĴ֮ջûн뵽ħڲңǺӦûнҪǷħĶħ岻ܼ̳еĻ˵Ѫɣ
ŷҹǣŮڿ̨׵ĵطͣͣȻÿǰһɢϢǿһ֣һľ룬һ̨һ
ȻŮʱûΣգʹŷҹҲ˿ɣʱ̹עǵĶֻҪ˿쳣ͻᾡȫȥȡ
ˣˣˣ
ƵײȻħڲ𣬽ŷҹעȫ˹ȥ
ѰҹŷҹȷˣǴһԼʮ׵ƫ洫ݳġϴž֮ɫʤаסĿⶢƫš
ȣŷҹһӴĺɫӰӴƫ¶ҪһȷϵʱȴоĿǱһ󴸻Уһ𣬱³һѪˮ
ȿȣ
ѪҺŷҹĿ¶źӰֵλá
һңɫëͽ˶Գƫ߳ӿźɫĻ棬˫ɢѪȺâŹһ㣬ֱֱضŷҹڵķ
ޣ
ŷҹԳ˲䣬ʹӶԷϸܵһƥеѹκεĿͲ³ˣԳΪ϶ϡ

ԳŷҹƵ˻ȻӴ̤֮ǰײٴγ֣һĳŷҹ
ԳȻʵǿ󣬵ȴŷҹģΪ򲻹Ҳܵ
ŷҹǣǸ֮ǰڰйļһֻһ͵ϮѪʵŷҹĵ׷һתܵĳ嶯


399 ȡ
ŷҹԭԳнʮ׵ľ룬ڶԷһ֮߼ľһ롣
һԾɴڻɫŮŷҹкâһѾԭش˳ȥ۵糸Գ˹ȥ
𡭡
ƵĺڴصգۼŷҹѾִԳǰԷӶ޴ֱۣһϱҼл֮ƣ˹
ߣ
ŷҹһԳҲˣô򵥵ܶ˺ĻΪ޵˹ȥˡԳһ֪ӲƴҪʱĻҪһЩֶβС
ʤа趯ŷҹһԳֱ洩Ȼâ˸Գһֱ棬һƴСѪۣīɫѪҺ˿ӿŵ
ŷҹ˵֮Գ״̬Ҫ֮ǰӿ񱩡
ŭ˻ӴŤ޴Ƹ߸̧ףȻ׼ŷҹ;Ͳȥ
ˡһײŷҹʶ֮εǿǶĸҲضãڸӦΣյĵһʱܿԳľɱʽ
ԳĽ̤ڵϵʱŷҹһ㵭ɫӵ𣬽ˡ
ŷҹĹ㣬ͨʯĻڸղԳһ£϶ᱻ̤ɷĩġ
Գûйŷҹȴ˿ûдת壬Ѱҵŷҹ֮󣬺ٴι˹ȥ
ŷҹԳ򶷣ʱʱ򣬴ڻɫĻеĪŮȴȫһֿ״̬
˵ʵԭȶǴڵھŲľ磬Ȼ˵ֻһ֮ңԹŲ֪жʿֹһǰ
ǣɫ棬ŮǽܵǹϤѪ˼¡
ĪܵĲǿңΪڵھŲͣ˶Ī˵ȴܹоԼʵѾ˴徳ˣֻҪһһܹǱĻᣬôܹͻƣﵽڶʿû취ﵽ
ĸоʮҲɢȥĪŮ»ָʶʱѾվ˼̨ǰƷ¶ԥӵ顣
ʵģھһϵеļ裬ֻڽħ֮УҿǰƷӦþħıˡ
Ȼ˶ǵһԶż棬ǵﶼǺֵıҪõĻ붼ҪһЩ۲УǺŲ
Ȼ˵ﶼЩԥҲڸԳսŷҹǵʱ䲢࣬ٲѡĻǺܻܿϡ
ӺĪһǰ߳һƷһ˿ǣ֡
ĪѡĶǰѺɫ䵶ΪΪһְҵɱ֣ҪǷǳϸģȻѾǰ̽Ƕ̽ʹõĲ֣û취Ĵɱȫӳ
ĪƽӴѺɫ䵶ʱȱһɱϢ䵶ӿ֣ʱԺС
һʵһЩ䵶Ϣ
ĪƲûֹɢȻҲûȥֹ
Ϣȫ֮Ҳ֪䵶֣¾ɡһػħӵɵصܣֻǰǴڷӡ״̬ġ
Ŀǰ˽Ϣ¾ڳ˯״̬ǵĳһܹԶħĸ߹ħѪͳ֣Żӳ˯ѣʱҲᷢӳ
ʮ֮Īƻ˫ָۣ̬
ԭȰڷڼ̨ϵĺɫ䵶˿ѾӰĪƵ棬ǳһɫ䵶һģһӡǣ͸һǳı档
õ˺ɫ䵶֮ĪƽĿ⿴ԵĪ˵ϲһֱԼãҲµûĻⱦϿ֮󣬻Զģû취һһԡ
Ī˵ͷղĪ䵶ʱһ߿ţ̿һҲ֪ô
˼֮Īͬǰ߳һĿ⿴һǻһı¶һĨᶨ֮ɫȻץ˹ȥ
ˣ
ĪոմһʱԺб㴫һȻʶһͷĿѣ
ָоһӶûУת˲š
Ī۾ʱԼȻվһӵСɽ档
ʮéһԵĿյϣ߽Уԭزͣţ·һûоͷĵ·һ㡣
߽֮ĪſˣЩ˸ûвڵϣǽ̤գһֱڿ·ֲÿһֱߣȴͣԭء
ĪǣЩ˷·֪һûһ¿һֻۣڡ
ϲã
ĪϴЩ£һߣʵʣʲôط
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ڴʮӣĪЩˣҪ𴦿ʱһĨɫâӿһֱԺ档
âԺ֮Ī֮о˯һϢͬʱ֣ڵĵط˳˽⡣
ڵĵطС֮ǰӴŻһĶ֮ԼҲ棬ΪʶǹŽڲ硣
ӽ˽⵽ͬǵػħģֻΪǧ꣬궼ûħƣеû˼룬ʬ⡣
ڣĪƹ֮ԽԼ˼άֲ棬ӶΪԼս߰¡
ղĪ΢Ӧ£ЩߵΪÿӵϣȻ֪ǵսʵΣǹѹȸУˡ
ʱȣĪȡ֮˳˵ǰӣصԭ磬ʱĪѾ뿪˼̨ȥŷҹڵս
ĪһۿտҲļ̨ʶΪһƷӦǱĪˣҲû⣬ת㳯Żɫ˳ȥϾŷҹΪǲŸͷԳսģ꣬ûӲ
أ
ʤаնԳĴȲλȴԷķûƿֻƤһǳ˺ۣת˲ͲӰ
ԳȻʵǿ󣬿ͺͶ׾ôʱ棬ȻһζûлŷҹԼϣŷҹ˴ССʮ˿ڡ
ŷҹŮȡҸ֮ҪҪһ𣬽ͷնɱ
Ǿʱԭֻ֪սԳȴĵͣ˹˴ҴҸĪĪơ
λħˣǱҪֳʤҲܾħ˭С
ԳȻ˵ˣŷҹŮɫһ㶣һľ㵡


400 ̳ʸ
Ȼ˵
ĪߵŷҹԣϴŴ֮ɫΪ֮ǰֻǿԳڸŷҹսΪ̫ԶԲȷ˫֮ǰûн
תҲȻˣԶĲ˵ŷҹĻƶҲһֻ˵Ļƺ˵һܻΪΣԵ˵Ҳûʲôֵˡ
ߣ
ĪƵʣŷҹҲɻأҪڻӦʱԳȴٴγЩмĪ⡣
ħؽȻЩܱͨȣ
ŷҹ΢΢һüͷ֮ƺЩʲôŮԿһۡ
ĪƶԳ˺һᣬƺҲܵˣԼ֣ҲǰĶ֣ŷҹߣ˵ħ֮ѾõˣòҲûиļֵҿҲظ취뿪ɡ
ŷҹĪһۣ˵֮ǰĻܻܿͬĪƵǾڸղţԳȻ˵ˣһ˵ʲôħ֮ġ
ŷҹԳıⲢҪɱǣĻֱӶ־ˣαҪϻôࣿ
ٵȵȰɣҵҪһﵽ׻ʲôϷ
ŷҹشһĨ࣬ʮԶԳ˵ôħΪʲôҪǶɱ𣿡
ϵͲֵñħ֣
Գе㲻мһ䣬ĪƺĪĸŮ˵֮Գ֣ΪҪħѰˡ
Ȼħ״̬ѾкЩˣЩûһӵйħѪħ֣Ȼܼ̳ħ
ڲͬˣСŮ޶ӵйħͬʱͨʲԣǵеκһм̳ħʸ񡣡
ղ˵ħƺֻܱһ˼̳У𣿡
ŷҹ˼ǱȽ룬֮ǰԳ˵һ仰ʱѾĥе˼ˣȻһĳ֣Ŀĵġ
ħļֻ̳һˣ
Գ׾ĵ˵ͷ˵ԣ֮УҪһʤߣǸյʤߣܳΪħˡ
ĪƵɫ䣬ƺǷǳܶԷ˵ȥһĪƺǲ̫Գνʤ壬ʵʣҪжӮأ
ٺ٣жӮĹܼ򵥡ħ¹ϣ˭Ҫ̳ħĻͱɱһ˲УҲὫħκһеġ
ʲô
Ī󾪣벻̳ħȻô̵
Ȼ˵ĪƻĪ涼̳ܹǿʵħɱĻԸҪ
ħĪ˳ħļ̳УɷħֱӽĪ
ĪƵķӦܿ죬һ˿ϣеϣԼħļ̳УøԼŮĪ
ʵ֮ԻΪԼǷĪ̫ˣᣬҪԼŮֲȥԼĴʧ
ڸĪ˵Ļ˵ĸԷƴһĪĸŮӵѪԵϵĸŮΪɱֵжôѪû취ҲиĪͷ
ĪĪƵѡɫһףȻĸô⡣
ŷҹûκαʾ֪˼̳ħĹ֮󣬾Ѿµ˻ֽ
ңĪΪԼ̰ҪĪĻһԥؽƷϾ˵ĪѣĪֻǸʶĺ߶ѡ
УħĹأʤ
ҪʤôҲһܼ򵥵鰡㲻Ըְɣ
ħĻû˵꣬ŷҹĻȻתһ㵵ĪһֱۣӻӶеʤаĪƵĿڴȥ
ŷҹжٶȷǳ죬ħֻĪԼûʱӦԣֻʤаĪơ
ۡһ󣬿ųһѪɫ̳ŷҹγʮԶĵطеʤа棬Ѫ黹תڵϡ
˵ʱʱ죬ŷҹٵĪƴӴʧܹҲһӵʱ䣬ĪӦʱֻŷҹУڵѪҺʤа
Īɫ䣬Ҫ˵Щʲôڿŷҹɫ֮ʱһߵĻҲ˻ȥ
ĪҲһǳŮڿʼľŹ󣬱ࡣ
ŷҹ˽⣬֪ĪԼĸ׵ǰ£ܾôɱ
ΨһԽ͵ǣŷҹڸղŴɱĹУֱӽĪս˻ƶڿռ棬Ҳֻ˵ͨΪʲôĪƻȻڴʧ
ħȻ߱һЩǻۣȴ֪ŷҹӵпռ䷨飬Ҷ˵ֻҪǰļ̳ʣһˣôӦԼʹ̳ߵõħϿɡ
̫ϧˣ
ħ̾һһֳʤаӿɱŷҹ˵ɱϵħҪģֻȴûйħѪͳ
ϻҪ˵ǸϽħļ̳аɣǻмأ
ŷҹüͷ壬ЩͷĴߴ٣һ뵽ڻҩʦŵ褣һ󽹼޲̳ȥҩʦȥҪˡ
ڵȵҩʦ֮󣬶ԷԸԸϽͲǵķΧˡ
ŷҹ·棬ǵĴڣֻ˺˴ڵΪǶơ
Եˣŷҹֻһɱ⣡
ħŷҹĻûǽĿ⿴ЩӵĪٺЦСŮޣǲѾ׼Ҫħˣ
ŷҹĪĿ⳯Լ˹ûж˵ʲôֻ΢Цŵ˵ͷʾҪģܳʲô飬
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Ȼ󣬽ֻħһĶĪоһĪӿ֣ţ·ȥ
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ӣ൱ĪһħˣõĻЩĿǰŷҹ˸æֻڴɡ
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ŷҹˬشӦˣϾĪƸ֮ĶԹҪֻǰȫȻ褣˭У˷˼ȥǡ
ڴɹʶ֮󣬱ûͣͽһԶϣ½ʻȥ
棬ŷҹһɢĶ̽¶һĨ˼
Ѷ̽ĪģȻ˵ǽ裬Īȴܴ󷽵Ľ̽͸ˣħõǰ䵶Ҫ̽ʺ


401 
ŷҹõ̽ʱ򣬿ܵѶ̽һеϤϢ
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ŷҹŶ̽ɢʶ뽣ڲȻ䣬һŨɱϮʶȫ˽ȥ
۵ʱŷҹԼվһƬѪ֮ϡ
һ޾ѪڲѣӿѪ棬Ѫ۶ɵѪ˻ӣ໥ɱɡ
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ǧ׵ĸ߿УһɣѪľշתڣϡÿһηڣ̳ѪеѪ顣
ŷҹĿǰģ̶Ӳ棬ѪɵѪѾʮ֮࣬ȴû˿Ҫֹͣ˼
ÿѪ鱻֮ѪĲη䣬µѪ۳ããһƬѪɫ󣬾ѪԴȪ
ڣŷҹ֪ˡ
Ϊʲô̽ڳֵʱ򣬻ôŨɱȫѪռ棬ͷɱ¾ѪѪ
ңϲĻͷѪӦþ̽ˣֻھ˲֪ԺѾɥʧǣֻɱ¾ıԡ
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ŷҹʶӴѪɫʱԺһ嶼һҲ
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ֵֻǣǶѾˣȻҲֱܷǽ֮ӦǴӺжأ
һǰʮ׵ľ룬վǰԶĵطƣ׼ӵķתľ
ӸղŵľΨһ;ֻĹֻҪ˽ľˣͲᱻҪͷųЩѪĻŷҹӶŲȥ
ŷҹɢ⣬ЩۣһɫĹӴӵϡ
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͸õǱ̽һ˶̽Ľ飬ҲͻƵıԵʱ̶пܳΪһʿ
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ϱһǿϢϢ֮ǰոոܵΨʿܾ߱ƺѹ
۾ŷҹǳһĨȣڶ֮ڵִ
ŷҹ˲ͬ߱һЩӹϵļ䣬Ȼ˵ʵڵǰռһƬءȴûаɵ˼Ϊ֪ĵһѡ
ŷҹ۾ʱøһ֮ɫĪƿһ΢΢һЦȻбһâ
ҩʦţð褵ϱȻĻ
һԼʮƽ׵ĹϷ䣬ɫľװ䣬ɫĸ쳣ܰ
žľϣһģ̬Ů
Ů΢۾˯ǿ԰׵ɫȴƺĳּһ
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ϣڻڱչصУ㿴ҪôСŮޡ
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µʱ򣬽һϵĻӦʱ˯ɣϾСŮ޵ҩ֮ҩʦ˵̫󣬲׵ؾ;δá
ǴϣҲ֪СŮԨŷҹѣСӵʵӡǶ֪ҲͰˣһ֪ϢֻưոݣָӦԡ
ҩʦŵһӣ˿ϴΪѵɫǰλųϡ
ΪʵǿţȻ֪ŷҹֵġ
δ⣬ԴŵӹɱŹҲͬʮһϢ֮ҲòĿ࿴


402 ɱ
ȻҪȥħλϴصϢŷҹȻûеǾȻҲı£ҾʵҲضãɷѲ˼֣ҲòСӦˡ
ѾѹĵӣԺҪȥɷǡ˭뵽һλųϾȻ֮ǰѾ׽ŷҹŮˡ
˵ӦþȨߡҩʦȴһ֮⣬λϸ̫ϳ϶ǳȨ֮ġ
Ҳ˵µĵ֮⣬ŲûȨȥ涨ҪЩʲôҪϳֵʱȥԷ֡
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ȻҲһҩ֮˻ҩʦŵδӰ죬Ŀǰǻûŷҹı
ǶˣŷҹǱĴԸһЩѣôǿֻҪûн֮䶼֮֮УҩʦŸ
˵꣬վԱߵæ͵ҩʦſѵһո¶ͷС𣿡
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ŷҹ·褵ĹԽԽŨأڸϵҩʦŵڣȴһЩСϺסȻˬ졣
ȻǰЩһЩˣŷҹȴûɱǣԭһɱ֮ˡ
ѵЩͨӣŷҹĿ⿴ҩʦŵǰ̧Ҫʱ򣬴ǰ棬һɫӰ
ɫӰʱһ仰û˵ֱӾͳŷҹķ
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ôǿҵɱ⣬Ҳò˵ĪǰѶ̽ɱӰ졣
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һ̣ʤаŷҹУŻɫӰİɫ⻪ĻӶʤа
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֪棬Ϊһֵزͻչ״̬ûʲôرش飬ǿǲ׳صġ
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˭


403 ϻ˵
ӳʵԼɵĳϾȻſڱһ˸նףҪǱȥǽҩʦŵɼΪӰ졣
ղŷҹڸսʱ˶ûԺ˲֪˵صĿģӲŻдһʡ
ԨŷҹŷҹĻشΪ򵥣ü̵ĸֱ˵Լ
ŷҹ
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ŷҹɱҩʦųϣʲô˼ѵҩʦս𣿡һЦŷҹüͷʡ
Ȼڳ˶ŷҹΪʲôˣǲһ̣ǲŲҩʦ°褡
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Щ˵ļ䵱УܹﵽʿһɺķԴġ
ңɹһʿҲᵱɱһչȡﵽߵľ硣
ǵ⵱УҪﵽΪ붼ҪʮϵʿУŷҹֶʮʿǻǵһο
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֪ԼܲŷҹĶ֣ڵһʱͷԼǿΪǳţֻҪԼܹŹһιôʣµζ֧Ԯġ
Сģ
Ȼ뷨ոµʱ򣬴㴫һ
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ŷҹҳϣĿǰȷҩʦ档
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ŷҹЦһһĨɫʣһһ˵ȥĲˣΪӵʱҲ֪мϻҵǺȤ֪ҩʦһжٰ벽ĸ֣мĸ֣һһ
ŷҹܲҩʦŵƣԼɱ֮һҪΪ룬ҪЩô
ŷҹǸᱻŵ𣿴ǰǣɱˣӲǣ
һһǣڿʼʱѾ⣬ΣҩʦŵĳϸŶҪ
֮ûڵһʱ佫ЩһȫɱΪ˼ɵҩʦ϶ʿڡ
Ȼûг֮⣬ҲûȷϹȻ֪ǿĵ˴ڣȻҪСһЩ
СӣѵҪҩʦţ
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ŷҹۿǰˣٴαʣ¶ĲϽҪˣôͲҪҴɱ䣡
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Ǿһ룬жʱȻˣΪ֪Ϊʲô񱻹̶סһȻܶˡ
㡭
ϴžֵɫĿɵɵǰԽԽʤаһľ
СϷסְɣ
ŷҹʤаҪϵʱ򣬴ӺĹ棬һƵĴ
ŷҹηɿˣԭȵж켣棬һĨ۵Ĺ⻪ȻſΧĿ·Ҫˡ
ֶֹŷҹǳȷһӵʿѾͣ˲ٵ¡
ŷҹھʮԶĵط֣Ǹոճֵߣܵս⡣
ԴΪܹһͬȽ׵ʿսһĻ϶ܹòһ顣
ߵĳ֣Ը
СѾɱҩʦλϣϷ򿴣ʹ˰ְɣϷҲ׷ɱ֮ˣ
߲ûٳָŷҹսüͷţŷҹ˼ӣſ˵
ߵĻŷҹ۾һâ
Դ̤·ûίǵˣֵܵĳͷ
ڣŷҹҩʦѰ褣ԷԸ⽻ˣһʿ
һͨ˵ĻһᱻߵĻסŷҹԸ񣬲ԸܵԼرĻƶռ棬һͬΪĪƣ͸Ӳúǰҩʦŵʿˡ
ɱ֮ŷҹЦǾ仰˽Ϊƾһ仰Ϳҷ𣿡


404 ս

ͨѾһʮĸˣΪѾﵽ㣬ϾܹﵽĲľ硣
ԭһαչѾ֮ãӦͻƵ֮һĵĲ㣬ĻԪٶܹʮ꣬ھͲõĻΪԪľ
ǣ׼ҪͻƵʱȴյԵǰŵĴţ˵ǿܸϿصĻҩʦŶпܱ
ͨڰʮʱͻģԺͽ֮λȥһҪߵľ硣
Щ꣬żһЩ󱲵˵һЩ¼ļ棬ʵѾеС
Ϊһͣ˶ǰͨһ۾ͿˣŷҹΪ˿ǸոͻƵһʵûȹ
һʵŷҹȻܹӣЩ֮ͨ滹һЩĪԽеġ
ǳŷҹһ֮˫ź⣬˵СҪ֪ʿɶֹ̫Ļֻᵼزۡ
ڿŷҹʵͬʱͨҲԤŷҹ䣬оȵĵط
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ƥ򣬿ҸͬӦսǲԹͽͽҪ˽ʡһѿ
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˵ĻŷҹȸͨӦżҲԣԹƣԽǮ˾ԽСԽǻľõϼһҲӺɣ
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ͨŷҹⷬ˵ǶʱŭˣһߵϷ֮⻹ЩʵСôزˡȻԼǾ͹ֲϷĺնɱˣ
ͨ˵꣬ſһץȻĴ棬ݡһƿһɫ⼤գۼ㵽˸ͨߣץС
ɫĹâԳεʱ򣬾һͨ׵ĳǽɫģ˸ŹԣעĻܲ鿴̬
ŷҹڿɫʱ۾Ҳ¶һĨء
ĿǰɫӦøĺ⽣󣬶ֿڹεķ
ŷҹıЩأϾǰҩʦŵ̫ϳϣȻ˵˫ΪʵȴкܴĲͬ
徳ͬǷΪŸȽףŷҹĪƶǴĵһ㣬ҲŰѾոȹ
ͬȽ׵ʿȵУŷҹȻ޵Уͬڴ徳һ֮Ĳͻüʵ
ǰͨϣŷҹܵһֵѹһ˵ˣԷ֮ʵĲࡣ
ˣŷҹû°벽Ȼ֪Էʵǿ󣬿˵Ϊ˾ȳ褵ģĿûд֮ǰ
ͨнɫѾս״̬ŷҹǹһĨ΢ȣɭȻЦСΪͻͿΪΪˣ棬ÿȽ֮ͬкܴĲࡣ
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ֻǣڿͨһʢģʱĶһθҪŻµĳ嶯
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ʤа׳ײһ𣬷ײڶ̶ӵĽʱ棬ʮεĶײ
ֹŷҹδսе˳ʮ֮󣬲ſͣгһĨ˷ܣһĸֱͨ΢΢Щ
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ֻһв΢СĲŷҹҲ˵ɱԷ
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ͨƺǲԼڵһν־·磬ĻдŲ˵ΪƾСϷȡʤǿЩˣ
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ͨ͸ɻԼոߣҲûճģСӣͨĽܣѾ֪ŷҹôͷ˭ѵһﲻһģ˰֣
ͨһεģŷҹʵ̲סЦ˵Ҿ˵أ֪˭
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ͨ߶飬ʱ˺壬ϵıʱȻŭ˲伤ڣ׳䣬·ܸѿ
СȻϷ㣡
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ŷҹһ²̤һվ˸ͨҲ࣬ʤаӶŸͨļնȥ
ϡһ֮죬ʤаڸ׳ײ˲䣬ֳĻ⣬ӴֱӽΧĿֳȦȦ
ֱ棬һɾ޴ŷҹ֮࣬ڶײһ˲䣬ξܿ˸ͨϮ
֮սѾ׵ȼζײ˫û˵һϻһĹһ
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εĶײ˵սѾ쵽ҩʦŵǰǰ߼ľֻʣ²ʮף˿ǰ棬Ÿ϶һµսĵĽš


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ŷҹһǿնͨˣȻһĨЦŤ׳¶ǰķһͻ̡
ŷҹ̫ϳϵսѵһĭѾ²褸еˡ
Ȼڣʱȴûеȥϡ
֮ͨǰŷҹʶѾǳһԼģôŷҹһὫնɱһ˿ɡ
Сң
ڵĵʱȴ̫ϳһȣ˼ϡ
ݣ
ƿ̫ϳϻµʱȻϵ棬һĨ͸Ȼ˲͵ִĿλá
͡һֻоĿһȻβһҵѹȸд治һ̵Һ塣
㣡㡭
һľ˫Ѫ˿鲼ƺֱڻ벻ףΪʲôŷҹڸ̫ϳսʱ򣬻ܷԼ
̴࣬ϸѾûȵĻᣬʬ塰ءһأվߵӷɿƺѪҺԼϡ
ϵأŷҹһĨηɿˣ˸ͨķŭһʮԶ໥սڡ
ŷҹɱϵʱӵ۾ȴһĨâ΢µĿŷҹһۣȻˣ߽˴棬ƺҪ͵͵ʲô顣
ߣҵƤӵ£ˣУ
ŷҹһȻĪƴӻƶʾǸӣ˱ض֪Щʲô
Īû˵ķϻ΢΢ͷ֮αͬһһԭ˳ȥ׷ȥ
˿վڴǰʮԶĸͨڿŷҹߺȻһŮӵʱϵҲһ㶣ⶨȻǴ˵֮еĿռ䷨
Ҳһ˿ȣ﷨ﲢټԳɿռ磬˲еģһ
̰û𣬾ѾܵĪƵΪȻҲͨϵɫ㳹׵ıˡ
ֻŷҹһ˵ĻʵܹѹסԷʿȻ߶һΪǴ˵ϣܹͨܵһ˿˿Σոо
ΣյĸоǶܹвȻǸӦġ
ͨǰŷҹĪƵ϶ϢҲ˵һʿȻʵȴÿ˶߱նɱʵ
һ仰ŷҹ˵ûԽǻóõˣԽ
ͨһʮ꣬ڵΪԼܻһʮңټϼͻƣӡ
ԣпԼСĶ֣ͨȻǵģ򲻵ѣɲƴһ
ǳ⣬ΪʲôŶ̶ʱ䣬ðôʿˣѵ˵µѾı䣬һʿˣ
ĪƵμʱ򣬸ͨ΢΢仯׼ӭĪƵĽ
ǣĪƵĹĿ겢ҩʦŵʱһȻĿ⾯ؿŷҹ˵ŷҹǰɣ
ͨʻŷҹûд
ΪһʼһѾ֪Լ֣װģһ飬ĿĵģҪϼһﵽ׻ô档
ԷûдԼ˼ͨһĨŭ֮ɫȴûбֳһ˵νԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬϷ飬Ǿʹ˴סô
Ȼǻ黹ģһЩĺ󱲸ǸһҽԴϲ˵أ
ŷҹмƲƲ죬ƨĽԴϲҪǽͬϼһôʱ棬֪Ҫĵء
һͨҲͰˣϼһһĸ֣һһɵ̫ϳϣ䷢չȥŷҹֱԼԼǣĽѡ
Ȼ˵취û취ӦǶʱЭûģۿ褰ȫʱ򣬲ҩʦ˵ʱ
ͷȻ˵ˣ͸ɴ㣬ѽɣܿվǰգ
ͨŷҹȻƺԼţЩŭǱȴεĺܺãûŷҹ֡
ǺһЦŷҹ˵СֵܣҪܺǺ󱲰ͳ
ͨ˵꣬ȡһöƬȻ˼ӡƬۡ͡һڿըѣȻʧ
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֮ڿµŮӣ¶һĨϲɫθӿһ֡
ѾǲԼôطģмʱѹΣÿʱȴǺȻŵһ㣬űʧȥ֪
ٴʱ˫𽥸ֳ˷ľֵǣǹɿԵ㲢ûг֡
褵ʶٻָҲˣԼǱ²ģ²û˿أܵʱ
ǣҩʦŵĻǳİŴӷ󣬾ײĽ˺ɽȻͳʧˡ
ʱȻʧ˷򣬿ȴûκεĻţɽ滺ߣѰ뿪ķ
Ǿʮ֮ǰȻһ΢춯ۿʱ򣬷˾ȻЩѺԼļ֮һ
ڴ֮£æȾܣҲΪˣٱǸӲ׷һĻ
˰Сʱ˿ѾΪƣˣûٱߣǰҲû·ǰһ
褵ǰһ׵ĴϿȣϿҰɫڣ浽ʲô
ǰɣ
棬һ֦ҶȶϵĴ촫褵ӲɴһɫŵһٿǰϿȣױҧ촽ƺһѵľء
֮ǰԵʱԼЩ˶ԼЩҩ֮Ҳ֪ĻУкεҵ³
һ뵽ĽΪҩ֮ƽҲ̲ס
ڣһͬħδ֣Ȼһıƽǿӵףľˡ


406 ɱ
Ҫ
褽ȭͷȻ䣬ȴҲżֲ⡣
ĽŲҲǲŲѾµıԵۿٺһĻͻˤ׵Ͽ档
һ·ǵǰҩʦŵšڽӵ̫ϳϷ֮󣬵һʱڵķ䡣
ǣֵ̿ǣϵʱȴǸ֮ǰڻ״̬ŮȻʧˡ
д˿㽹ǳŷҹֶκƢ̫ϳϺò׸Է˹ʶֻҪŮˣȴΨһľ뾹Ȼʧˡ
һ·ϣһЩ˿ҵŮҲ׷ϵˡ
ŮĿǰվλõʱ͵һͻƺӦҪвõ鷢ˡ
ǧҪ嶯ҩʦţ֮ǰµӹ̲ܽϣ˴Źɽץġ
æȰ裬ʱɲŮװ׵ˣǿǻҩʦİ
ڣѾΪǵĳϺ͸ˣԼ˻㣬Ȼôһ̯ӡ
Ҫ
ΪԵʣ褵ǻЩԺȻ䣬ͨ¹ʣȴɵôֻ˿̿Ĵ㣬ٴһ
Сģ
褵ѾһС뵽µ棬ҲǼľһ̱ץ˹ȥ
ಡ
ԷԼ˹һ˿һţ˱㳯Ͽˤȥ
⡭û뵽Լһ˵ľٶȻøӶ񻯡
˿ޣֻϧʱѾ޲
λãһಡƿ㷢һȻһʧصĸоԴһ𣬵ڵϿ档
Īվ±ϣ·ЩɭϿȣüüͷ۾һĨϧɫ
ڵõŷҹί֮󣬱̸ҩʦŵĺɽϧʵȴɶŷƣһ֮󣬾Ȼ˸ˡ
ֱ褵һУŸѰ˹
ϵֳʱ򣬾Ϳ褳˹ҪڵһʱӦԣնס
ǣҲΪˣʧȥ˾褵ʱϿ档
ŷҹԭصʮӶûеȵԷ褽ĪҲʧһôʱ䶼ûг֡
˵ҩʦŵŽӵ̫ϳϵʱ򣬿϶ڵһʱִеġңԷ淴Īһĸ֣κβһ徳Ųʿ
ŷҹȵĲͷˣͨԼ˿Ҳüͷ壬˲ĸо
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ĪһĴӺ˳ɫЩϧһŷҹҡҡͷ˼Ѿˡ
ˡ
ŷҹʤаѪҩʦŶһ㡣
СֵܣȲҪżп϶ʲôģҲ̽ˣ϶һ𸴣
ͨҲ¶һĨɬЦݣοŷҹǼΪںģҲһ˵ǹƥ͸սҩʦš
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Īû˿ɽʼһжȫŷҹֻɱʱ飬ûϸ˵ǽȫжѾϡ
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ŷҹĪƵĽ֮̿ͨƺһ˿ϣ
ֻֻǡͨЩ£ȴȻõĴˡ
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ǵһҲǲһΣֻеɱⷭӿ֮ǿңŷҹ޷ȥơ
ʮϢ֮ڣҩʦߣɱ⣡
ȥ쳹ҩʦŵϿգÿһ˶·ڶߴһһЩΪ͵ĵӣʱɫףȶˣһЩֱӾ͹˵ϡ
죡ҿӰٲ߾ûˣ
ǣڳϸŶˣٴѾûˣҿɲС
ЩųͽֻˣȴнˣҪǣǱˣǵ̫ϳҲΪǣ
ڴ˿̣һХӦŷҹղŵһ˵Ķ
ХԴĪƣ·ڸˣ˲٣ǣɱǰˣ㹻ˣ
ĪƵХδɢµҩʦŵӾͿʼ˷ѣ󲿷ֱȱɽȥ
˰ɣҪûˣҪʲôãֻԼ̫̣û취ܿһ
ӺĪվڴǰĶʮҩʦͨӣһâ˵ѡ𣿡
ߣħŮҪҪһս
ԣҪɹ
նħŮϰ
ɱɱɱɱ
ʮ˻ţȫһͨĳĪƹ˹ȥ
ĪƵδԭ΢΢ŤȻʧ
ʧ˲䣬ǳǰǸҩʦŵӣؿųһѪŶ˲䱻ͿգҲȻء
ܵĵӲ̤ͬʬ棬һվҲ˦ڵϣеıܿƵܻ裬ԼֱͬӴ
һȺں֮ڣ˵һٸһǧҲ
Īɱ˵ĹУһֱǴһ˿޵Ц⣬̶ʱ䲻ʮҩʦŵĵӾͱ¾һƬкͿгŵŨѪϢ
ͨۿĪƽҩʦŵĵ¾ȴһ仰û˵ûаҪ˼
һĻŷҹ治ΪЩһǻѪļһеǾһֱӾͱͨˡ
ɱ굱ǰҩʦеĵ֮ŷҹĪˣһǰһĽͨ½˵϶ɢս⣬ǰĵˡ
ʵҩʦѾû˵ӣֻʣ¸ͨһˣ˵ҩʦѾӴ˿̸ˡ
ȻϾͨʵЩȫ߹ˣܹȥôڲõĽͻ½һҩʦ
ŷҹĪƺԶ뵽һ㣬ڲ˽ͨΧǵ뷨ǳͳһնݳ󻼣
λѾɱôɵӣѾʵ㹻ǽ˰ɣҿ鲻ôˣͨϢƮüҪֶ


407 ׽
ˣ
ŷҹЩŵĸͨһĨм
ҩʦֻҪʿڣԶĻΪһȥȻ뷽跨ңߵˣ
Сֵܣ˵
ϻ࣡ŷҹһԵ죬ɣʹһսɣ
ŷҹ˵ͨɫЩÿˡҽŷҹǺĻжʱŭڡ
СӣΪʿͿΪΪˡȻˣˣϷΪ㣬֣ҲһʤùңԣΪԲ𣿡ͨûа취̸׶ʱɭŤŷҹĪƣɭȻ˵Ļǵ͵ִҪϷһսôͲҪ˵ˣֱӶְɣ
Ǻǣ
ŷҹЩϼһ֮ǰһ׼ͽӣһ˲䣬ɫֱȷ黹찡
ŷҹǣ֮ǰ˭һֱīòƲĪ˰ɣȻĪеͷԼͷϣʱŷҹϼһòҪ
ʱ˵ʲôƺ֮࣬ǰ˵ģֱһս
ಡ
ŷҹλһӰԭʧеʤа˸źâͨ˹ȥ
ˣŷҹ˲䣬վڸͨĪͬ˸ɫ䵶նмâһ䱸ĸͨ
ϡһ죬ŷҹͨһΣֱ϶ʱۣԤ֮ͨʵ໹еġ
սҪоԵʵ֮⣬ҪƿսİѿʶҲǶսİա
ŷҹͨײսɷ˳սָ
ǣŷҹ˳սʱ򣬸ͨȴû˿ͣЪĻᣬ׳ӶնͽĪƷļâ

ɫ䵶ĪƵˮʹõķǳ˳֣ټ߳սɣ͵ԭŷҹֻӲһεĹΣҲͬŷҹ˻ʱ䡣
ĪڸͨӲƴ֮ҲЩܲסˣһܣʹӶԷĹ˳ȥʼǹ
ʱ򣬸ոտ֣׼ϢһĸͨȻоһŨΣϮûиӦ䣬ֻʶģӶ׳ȥֵ
һ̶ĦʤаûйͨǸ׳ײһ֮ѱĦ䣬˸ڡ
һεսʽһģһŷҹڸͨƴһ֮ξͷɿˣûܵǹѡʱ˱ܡ
ͨŷҹ˱ܣĪҲûмĺһ׼ս̬ʱȴһ·ĳΣһ
ݣ
ָоֵʱ򣬸ͨû˿ԥģζʱһ˳ȥ
Ҳʱİ׵Ĵ·룬ڿбɱɷ顣ĸ첲棬ҲͬʱһѪۣʺѪҺʳ
ͨɫƺ벻ԼһΪȻᱻһոսļһ͵Ϯɹ˵Կ˵ˡ
СӣѾɹŭˣ
ͨ˵һ䣬ıЩ֮⣬ǰŷҹǰһҲ³˸ղ˺Լס
׳Ǹͨ;߱ΪεֻҪʩչ߱һС
ǣ˿ŷҹĺ⽣ȴͬҪʲô̵ӰӶԵ˽бɱ͵Ϯͱ֮ǰһҪΪʿӦǿ󣬻ͨҲں⽣֮¡
ͨ˵Ǿ仰֮ûǰȥŷҹĪƣĳصӡȻǰ׳ƾƯǰ΢΢
ˣ
Ƶ׳һʼĲֱӱڵĸƵ𶯣ûɰǧĻӰ˷ֱ治һı塣
Ϣ֮ڸͨǰʮһģһ׳Ưÿһ涼˵Ϣɢ˵ĸоͺÿһѶһ
ŷҹĪ˵üͷǽţ˵һͨǻսİյĻôʮ׳ܵʮʿϢǸоЩˡ
˵˶Ըͨʵ𺳣Ǹ㲻ͨǰͨʩչγɵģ̫ϳˡ
ѵǻþ
ŷҹɻһ䣬Ҳֻ˲䣬ͽ뷨ȴԺΪǻþĻϢôơ
ǰʮ׳Ǳ棬ֻǸֵķǶһģһģû˿Ĳ
ͨƺǿ˵ɻǴЦм˵˽ΪסԴͨ׽ϹıȺ󱲿϶ǵһοɣ
ͨĽܣŷҹĪ˶ǲһ
ȷͨ˵һȻŷҹ߱˲׵ļ䣬ԶŵҲ֪һЩϹŵıʦҲδؾܼ࣬οͨı
ʮ׳ŷҹüͷҲһأΪһߣǺ󷨵ġ
׽ֻ߱һĹôȻ⣬ǴӸͨıԿ󷨵϶ٶĪ˵ӦúӦԡ
ŷҹĪ໥Կһۣ˼˲ʹһµ뷨ͬʱչΣ෴ķ򼲳۶ȥҪʱȱܹ׽ķâȵ󷨵ĳʱȥٶԸͨչΧɱ
ݣ
˸ոտʼжʱƯڸͨǰʮ׳ͬʱ˷˳ȥ
ٺ٣ʱҪܣѾˣ
ͨżȥ׳Լǻڼٳ̵ŷҹĪˣ¶һĨɭЦ⡣
ϣ
ŷҹηɿ˸ۿҪ뿪ͨ׵ķΧˣǾʱ򣬴ƿȻͿ׵Ľâֱ֣Խ嵽ǰλãֱ˵ϣǳƵ춯͸һ㣬Ϊ𺳡
ĪҲ˸ŷҹͬΣǰͬ׳סˣҲκηӦĻᣬЩ׳ڴ˲䣬ǵϱųޱߵҫ۹⻪
ʮ׳ΧһԲΣÿһѳϣɢĹ⻪໥һȻڿγһԲƹһĹ֣ŷҹĪȫС
ңŷҹסʱԭȸͨվλã˿̾ȻҲһƬʵŨһĶаʧŷҹĪ˵档

ŷҹĪ˼Ҫβʱ棬Ȼһ͵ĴЦ˵һʱˣǸͨ
֪СϷȰȴҪϷԣϷҪףǿǰͲģ


408 ׻
ŷҹɫЩѿϾ󷨵УһͷûУȷЩ
ͨŵĻո£ڿеһ棬͸ֳ˿˿ɫ׻͸һġ
꿦ꡭ
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ŷҹзһߣδԭ˸ȥͬʱ⽣׵ĸ߿УǵѾ¸ı䷽Լɫ׻
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ŷҹԺһ⣬˲뵽ĹؼҲ֪˽Լô


410 նɱ
ŷҹ뵽ڽɫ׵׽ʱȡģͨ׳ɫ׵籾ͬͬԴԷƴʱ򣬾ڽᱻѹƣĹпܻᱻ׽յ
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ʱ򣬾ܹٻָƵҩҲûˣΪȲ˵ҩ۵ĻָҪʱ䣬ŷҹӲŹôһǧѷĻᡣ
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411 
Ҳûʲô֮һȽϿȶѡ
ŷҹʮ׾ʱԾûзְ쳣Ҳƽֻǰ⵱һͨϿԴˡ
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ŷҹŬ˶ΣҪ׽ȥȵ֮ޱƵǣ½ʱǳ˳ǵҪʱȴоͷƺǧһ㣬һ㶼޷ȥ
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ƿŷҹ뿪ķ۾ɫ˼ãӻͳһɫģָϸľ棬ðɫıʼдһġ֡
ûȥڻ˯ļūæܳߣߵĿյ֮ѰҵһܹյĿյϣеľ߸߾𣬶׼գ˫۷׼ʲô顣
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ۿƵʬ嵹ڵϣŷҹƽĴһŴ߳һĨЦԹȥˣҪˣʲôС˼ǲ֪
ŷҹ磬κ¶ССģڸ̸ʱͷˣһԲļһ
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ĸطֻʲôĻ棬ҹͨǲȫģŷҹ磬һ㣬Ҵ˿̻ʱܻл޳ûĻɽһģͿܻᶪ
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ģ˵껰֮󣬾ӿӧĿԾɴԹȴҲûΪѣҲֻܾʹա
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ҪȺͺӧܰɣҸʯȵֵһᡭ˵仰ģ֮ǰѵӧİɽԺӧж󣬵󣬾ȻΰѣɼڼУЩġ
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裡
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414 
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裡
ĪϬţҲŭǰʮףж¹Եĳ˫۽ʮԶһĨͦӰ
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ڳ̫ǿŷҹʱ򣬽Ϭţ޷תػ͵ڳȥʮԺ󣬲ſֹסΣܵԼˣҲֻܷŭͺȻΣ׼ڶγ
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ڰɽĸлŷҹֻ΢΢ͷΪղźӧ˵ĶԻҲûʲô顣
ڣΨһģǺͶĽϬţشսһ
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ͷȫƤװе㣬۾ͷ޽ˡ۾޽֮䣬λ¶ĿԱȽϴ޽Ǹ׹
ֻǣŷҹû뵽ǣ޽𻵵ĽϬţȻͬʧȥ˴ǵһĹ򶼲߱ˡ
Ϣ֮󣬽ϬţĶŽң˫ۣʱҲָ˺ڰ֮ɫŷҹĿУž֮⡣
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415 
һ΢ŷҹתȥֻӧ˫ֲŭ⣬ĿŷҹƺǲһĻͻλ˳һ
ŷҹδӧĿ̱ֵϵĻȻʤаת뿪
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ӧˣղλѣҿɶҪڽϬţĹˡ˫нŵļƣӦİɽæǰԺӧȵ
˵дǿؽϬţûпǼһﾹȻԶ޸˿ǾǼƷץ֮󣬾ԿƳĵҩⶫҲһôõޣȻô͸ˣӧŭƺǿϧǱߵҩҲ˵ұ۸𣿺ߣôڳǰǵ״
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Զ˵꣬ʮףƺǲûҪŷҹֵ˼


419 Ѫս
ԶĻոµʱ򣬴Ҵŵһ߷һʮ˵ĶڵıϮ
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ŷҹ¡ԪȺ߳üͷ΢𣬵ȴû˿֮ŷҹ˵
ߵһɫ۵ǰܵλҼһλҼ졣
ԪڽܵʱЩΣѾֵزҲֻӲͷƤ˭ŷҹҵĿˣһΰء
ŷҹҲ˵ˡԪ㻹ҪһЩεġԪ˵꣬΢΢Ƴһۡ
ŷҹһЦȻһȻϣҵϣôұŰɡ
ʤаٿһϵаɷ֮ӿŷҹ۶ɰΧĿǱһ㡣
ôˣɱңҹЦԵö˼Ѫһһһ𣿡
ҵ˶һ㶣֮ȫͬŷҹһһΪ֮ǿߣŵǼ˼ĵӣ
С
һЩΪЩ˶óŷҹʵòƲֻһô򵥰ɣƣһܼװóġ
һΣҲһӲӣҪŷҹɱ˱ǲܣֻǻḶǸĴ۰ɣ
Щ븶Ķ
¸ұûйϵģҸһ£һȻҲҪʾοԵĻһ֮ˡ
ڿŷҹ֮Ѿ״ԭĴ㣬¶ҪҲϣһǸſͺá
ԪҲʣת֮䣬Ѿ˵ŷҹҵĿˣڴȻӲܡ
ͷҪ𣿡ԪĻû˵꣬¶ɫȵ
ߣϹΪҲ֪Ĵ㡣СӣǷһ֪۸ƽ๼
˵ŷҹҲʧΪһð취Ҫʲô⳥㾡ܿھǣҽˣ
Ԫ˵һʱ䣬Ҷ֪ôӻ
Щ˶ǻʮϺˣܹƹһ壬ȻЩС̵ġ
ңȻ濴񣬿ҲףԪ˵ĵȷʵ
ϥӣʮһ꣬Ϊ˲ΪѾ㣬ʱпܲ㡣
ʮ꣬ӵľ磬ƽʱҲר
ӣޱϲģϾһδĻЩѪҺֻҪԼŮʵǿҲһֱȥ
벻ǣԪ֮󣬱ͱַղԪСϲŮɫǿ°ƽŮӣɱ˸
ԪȻҲû̫ʱȥֻ̣֮ܽʩΪƾΪܣҲû˸ǣԪıС
ǣû뵽죬ԪȻŷҹСֻҪܹ㹻ĴۣôҲδطҪ׷
Ϊ㹻Դһ
ͷϻҲ˵ֻҪõóʯô飬ҾͲ׷
ʲôʯϹ㻹ʨӴ󿪿ڰ
ڼ̸֮ʣŷҹȴֻԹۡ
Ҳҹӣɱ֮Ҳ˳ңЩ˿ŷҹҲǱģӵĳǱرġ
أȻֻҪʯҾͿԷӱĴˡȲǸǵֻͣôһԼĶʯѾ㹻˵һˡ
磿簡ʵΪ磬Ѿ˳ʵ֮⣬鶼˿ûˡ
֮λϡ
գҸһǧʯΪۣŷҹҵĶԹһʹ
ǣ鴦ϣ˶Ҫ뿪ʱԶȴĪվ˳
һ˼ЩǱɫȴƽޱȵŷҹ޺˵ҼȥɽѰūͱɱˣСӻ󣬾Ȼֻһɾɱҵūͣǲ׽󣡡
ʲôСӾȻҲгԹ
Զ˵ڳ˵ϣ¶һ˼顣Ǹ޷һһСӣĵһξġ
СԶ˵Ŀʵݣ
üͷһ壬Ȼչϴ΢ЦԶ޿ɵĵ˵ͷһԪͷָô˵
鵽ŷҹôҲˣǰЩˣԾǿԼ۸һٵΪѡ
ңǰ˳ҲŻᣬŷҹһЩô
⡭
ʱԪȴΪˡԸʵǿףҲԸļƵ˵°仰ڵľƣѾɲˡ
ʵв֪ξ⳥ΰһԲڵ
ֶ˵ŷҹɱҵū֤ͣݣԪʵ
ӣ˵Ŀ⣬ٴξۼԶϡңɫЩˡ
ΪǷǳԶӼԪ£ŷҹһһСӣȻɵȥҡ
Զһʱ
⵱ȻֻԶĲ²⣬ûа֤ܹ֤ŷҹɱЩʹӣҪó֤ݣȴϼѡ
ҵǰģʱ֣ǵȴȫˣʱһΪǿĻޡ
ڽСӻʱ˵ӻɽֻ󣬶ȥūҲȥѰģƶϡ
Զ˵νޱȣ֮ǰЩɵʱҲŷҹƺҪϵܡ
ǺǡŷҹЦһԶм˵֤𣿡
Ҳ΢΢˵⻹ǲ²⣬³һ仨Ҳûа취֤˾ŷҹɱġ
ɽϣֲֻŷҹһȥЩˣֲŷҹһɱҪ˵֤ݣʵ̫ǣǿˡ
ҲûйϵҷҪ㵽ͷϣҽ¾ǣʯͲˡԶģŷҹǳһĨ仡ȣһ̤ǰӽͺһͷ˶ɵһ㣬Ѫսô


420 
ʤаһγֻ֣һȴûϴεƣһжģûʲôɱ
Χ۵˿ȴԵøӿ¡
춼ЩӶӶˣҪЩôǺõģǿŷҹҲ׸ӣǰҪһȥ̸ʯֻҲøСĴ
أҪΪ˼ȥŷҹƴǱһɵؼǣ㰡飬ȥ
ȿȡ
Ԫɿһѹֵգɫ죬ЦĴţشҶˣ㻹Ҫپȥ𣿡
ߣ
ΧȫһϷӣͺһݺݵһԵԶͺȵǻȥ
߳ʮ֮κȻͣ˵֮󣬾ǰԵᣬҵǺڴҵıְ
⻰Ȼ˵úƽ˭óЩˬ
һӣǵһʱŸҵõһǧʯԼëĺôҲû̵Ȼûʲôǲˬȴ˹
ַˣһҵһʵѡġԪҲڷ£ڣһжļƻ֮ˡ
֮󣬵õ⳥ˣҲ뿪ҡˣֳֻʣŷҹԪϡΰĸˡ
ŷҹǵ鷳治СһֶŲ룬ԪһΪ۵˵
ոһ£ȷĵҲʲЩҲġ
Ԫ˵ŷҹ΢΢ǸȻ
Ȼ֪Է£ǱϾ˶ԷıȻһѪս֮£ûʲôýûаصǿУռ˵İա
飬ŷҹضǣ£㾡ܿھǣ
ŷֵ˵ﻰ֮ǰСһ㳶ƽˡ
Ԫ˼ŷҹôῴ޷ǾԼӴפңȻΪҵĳϻ߿䣬Ϊҳˡ
ֻһͨʿĻġ
ǹؼڣĿģΪѰģǰҪץ⡣
صסŷҹϴһ»һ·ڴϣղԪ˵Եᡣ
嶼һͳǾÿʮ꣬ͻһμԱȡĿģΪܹռһЩԴ
Ȼ˵ֻһСԴԣɶû̫Ұĵ˵ЩѾ㹻ˡ
ǰεԱУһֱһεĵλǾһԱȣ󡣾ͺñȵԪʵ͡
һεԱȣΪѡһĵһ壬ͬʱҲǸһμݵʱ̡
ͣΰȴֻдŲΪԪһҪһߣͬһŷҹĳ֣ȱ
峿
һ磬ŷҹͱΰȻøȥ
ŷҹ߽ãԪЦӭı飬ƺʲôĵ顣
ŷֵܣ㿴Ҹʲôˡ
˵꣬ԪַɫӣȻбͳһö
ŷҹһģԪҲûж˵ʲôֱӾͰ˹ȥ
ס֮ŷҹҲûжʣһʶ֮̽롣
ǰһ⻪ȻŷҹԺУһϢ˲ӿֳ
Ʒѧϰ֮󣬿ӵзһٶȡ
Ʒ
ŷҹ֪УĵȽܹΪƷƷȻ˵м䣬ҲƷģǶĿǰŷҹ˵ȴʵġ
ôŷ֣似ɣǻһʯģҪ֪ңûִ
ŷҹΰĽ飬˵һɶʼɵζ
һʯ
Ʒļ۸ŷҹﲻٴһ
죬ĵһǧʯܹһɾˡһС˵ǲСĸ
ʯƷʣΪϡСƷһƷʯԶһһٿƷʯһƷʯֿԶһһٿƷʯ
֮ǰʯǰƷʯġϾƷϵʯǿɵãһ㶼ƿڳǳϵĴС
Ʒ𣿲˰ɣ
ŷҹѾӦҳսصĶȴЩӦˡ
ȻҪ˵ҪǼٵġ
ŷֵܲƴǣȻӦҳսܲͽȥɡңӮʤǶҵĺô϶Ǿ޴ġ
΢΢һЦԪ˵һΣҿǰȫҵѹȥˡŷҹϣĿҵ˰
ֱʱԪ˵Լ뷨
ŷҹĿ΢΢̧ڰָģε飬ҶȫԸ
ڰڴȥȻǲһӷҡǼȻԷͼҲãǵرҲգʾ
ǣҲε飬˩ңǲܵġ
ŷֵ仰Ҿͷˡŷҹ˵Ԫϣֳһ˿û֮ɫ˲ͱȥˡ
Ȼŷҹ֮⣬ҲǷǳ׵ġ
ŷҹѾˣʣʱҲˣҾͲˣץʱɣҵδɾȫˡ
ˣ⼸ʯȥɡȡ⼸֮ڣΪܹͻƣҲЩʤ㡣
Ԫݸŷҹһɫӣ˵仰ԼҲתȥȥ⼸Ҳʮæµġ
ӹɫӣŷҹû˵ʲôת뿪á
˵һΣǵʤмɣŷҹ뿪ΰüͷһݵԪ̲סʵ
˵ЩЩ̫ˡҿŷҹ츳޽Уʣļ֮ڣĻ˵Щġ
ңȡʤҲԿ
˵Ԫϣ¶һĨŵЦݣ˵ʤˣ׬ˣ֮ǰԴΪѰҵɡ
ǵղŵ˼ǲﳤôҪأ
ΰѯʣȴԪĿֹˡΰȴף׿϶˺֣ȻĻôΪһɵ˸ôࡣ
ֻǡ
ص䣬ŷҹǸɫĴӣҲǴֻв׵Ŀռ䣬׵˵Ǳŷҹ˵Ϳпˡ
ҲôŷҹȻӵлƶǿռƷû㹻Աʵǰû취ʾڵģһĵ˵ϣ鷳ɾʹˡ
Ԫ͵ֻΪĳṩı
̽봢棬ŷҹ澲ʮɢӨʯͷ
ȻǰŷҹδʯʲôӣڵһۿʯͷʱѾȷˣʮʯͷʯңͨʯ
ѵƷʯ


421 ľ
һʯУһɾŷҹһȻСİʯ·˻ȥ
˵ʡĿǰΪʱòʯѾϰοУһʽƷȥϰ
˵ƷĿھԼ˵ȴ򵥡
һΪż𣬷һʿƶٶ屶ҲЭڶ΢һΣƶٶȣ۷ʱӰٶȸǻʮ
ľ磬Ǵ죬ֻҪﵽһ磬˵أܡ
ȻЩнܵģҪŷҹ֪֮
Уʼһſھ
֮֮Ӱ˷粶Ӱ
Ĭſھŷҹ˫ۣպϡеҲʼڻգһӰŷҹԺ
֮֮Ӱ˷粶Ӱ
ھһŷҹԺлصͬħһ㣬ƾŬ޷ѹס
һʱȥˡ
ʱ
ʱ
ŷҹڴϣһֻֻڶͷŲ֮ǰģ
ʱѾȫˮ͸ڴ̵ıأеεεĺˮ䣬ʪȭͷСһذ塣
ɫ԰ף΢΢üͷһ˿һּħס
ŷҹԺ硣
һϽĹӰͣĴšң˶ͬʱڣͬˮɢЩ磬ڴԺݵʱ򣬱ͻᷢھһĻ
صģں߳ھ
һ۵Ľһµŷҹʱ״ͺһۿѾ˱ıԵ
ֻһʱŷҹ򡣵ڣͬǧֻӬȳһﲻɵһɷ֮⡣
֮֮Ӱ
֮
һ飬һĬڲ֪˶ٱʱŷҹԺУȻһ˿âһֱϽӰ͵һͣȻ󣬾ͺȻʧȥһڰС
ͬʱŷҹԼԺУһɢŲɫâʯͷʯͷ棬ܵ˸ֽϢ
ɫʯͷӦþյЩں֮ˡ
ŷҹ΢΢ͷŲɫʯͷİ෴ģһϤĸо
ǰ֮£ûа취ⶫڳɾֽܸ֮ܵĴڡ
ಣ
һʹʯͷһϽӰ
͡
ͺǱһϽӰʹ˿˿ɫϵĴϽӰڼ
Ƭ̹֮󣬲ʹɢȥϽӰС֮һ
ԺеĻ˲ֹͣŷҹľڵõ⣬һԼͷϷϽӰһ
ӸղŲʹзصϢ⡶жô򣬶ڷھֽš
Ϊʶ֮еĽ֮Ĺо˵롣
ŷҹﲻŭ֮⣬ⷨĴĻô϶ҵ˴ֽšĿΪΣŷҹҲܲ³š
ڼԵУŷҹ㾡ȫл㹻棬뿪ʼҵˡ
ʹ⾻֮ϽӰ԰ˡ
Ϣ״ָ̬ƽ֮ŷҹ̽һеϽӰȥ
ʵ硣
ŷҹʱȣһ֮ͣǰʹɫȣǺǧ򱶡
Ȼŷҹյӣ৵һֻ۵һ˿âȻα㡰ಡһӴʧ
վԺŷҹȫϲ⡣
Ϊڸղţż𣬲Ҿô̵ʱ棬ٶȾ
ৣ
ŷҹԭʧٴγʱȴѾվʮ׿ĵط
ÿһʹãŷҹĿǰ״̬ȫĻҲֻܳһʱʱ̫õĻȴû㹻Ӧ
ԣȻǳʵãȴܳ־ãĿǰ˵ֻǶһֱĵơ
ৡ
ŷҹͬһ̰ĺһ㣬ڰƽ״СԺʩչÿһյʱָ֮󣬱ʹ
һʱ䣬ܹĴΣԵģʱʱ䣬Ϥá
ָǿȵĶ£ŷҹĽҲԶ׼ġ
ʱȳѧʱ򣬷ʱʱһÿһվʱҪҡε覴ҲѾң֣ԼĿƣЭ̶ȸ˺ü
һ㣬ǾǾһķ벹䣬ʱŷҹΪѾһ۷壬ֻҪһܹʽľ硣
һʱʱ䣬״̬ţ㿪ʼ˹ʼָĵ
ʱˮգۼš
ʱʱ䣬ŷҹڵڴﵽ˱͡
ۣȴɫѾһƬٹһʱ͵ʱ֣ϣҪƷʯһͻƵ㡣
֪ͻƣһᾪһ
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˿̣ŷҹ۾Ժͨǿɫʯͷʱͷ·һ̫սһ㣬浱С
Уܲʱš
תۼ䣬ʱֵˡ
ʱ棬ŷҹѾͣʱпͻƵ㡣
ң±ҵ˷Լܣ˶˯ʱͽ˻ƶռһŲᾪˡ
ˣ
ƶڿռ䶸ȻһȻŷҹͷϿգһɫкȻ֣Ȼһдŷҹתš
ԭȻã
̾һŷҹˡ
ս֮ķʯ֮еȻܴﵽ°빦Ч֮ǰûġ
Ũ˲ͽŷҹȫУҲٳɣ˫ƽչ˫ϣһ֮£ʮճڡ
ͱǰŷҹٶѾͨʿ屶ңԻƵûа٣ȴ忴ͺ񱻰һ޴Ĺһ
أ
һȻ𣬾޴Ҳһڳ£һʱʱ䣬ŷҹʹһͻƣɹľ硣
ңڵŷҹûʱȥͻƵϲãΪΧյԾɲҪ꣬ģǾȫȥЩ
ʱʱ䣬Ȼš
ƶռ棬ŷҹͷĲɫУҲڴʱɢˣľҲ»ָ˳̬
Ψһͬǣԭŷҹĵطʱȴһ޴ľʯȡ͸ӨʯڣԿھʯڲһεӰ档


422 Ϊ
屻ʯŷҹνǽп಻޷⵽Ӵһ
ܣѾȫȥˣɻǸϲٶȣʱʱ䣬ЩѾյģʱʣģôһ龧ʯ׼ȷ˵Ӧһ鼫Ʒʯشŵġ
õǣȻǱʯסɵ
ڣΨһܹģܿ龧ʯȻȥ
Ҫ֪ŷҹʱȻΪ̫෢ĻҪˡ
ǡ
һ΢ĴȻ󣬱㿴ǿ龧ʯ棬һϸܵѸٸ֣գۼͱ鲼龧ʯʯŷҹΣȴ·Ȼ䳤Ƶġ
ﰵһʱĲʱŷҹΪѾ㣬ͻƵ˲䣬ΪӴ֧ţľȶ
ʯϵѺۣȻҲܵˡһΪԼͻƸϵϲһҲĹ˶ãܴӾʯгȥˡ
ŷҹڻƶʱҵ˿ĵż
ϵʱΰͬһŷҹһȥԷǣûзӦʱͰƿ߽ڣȴָûŷҹӰӡ
õϢĵһʱ䣬ΰ֪ͨԼĸԪ
ˣһϵʱ䣬˶ΪŷҹȥͣҶȥɽˣԾûκ
⡭ŷˣ˼ΰȷѯʵ
ΰ˵ԪǳƬ̣ȻȷܡһͲµԺΧаڣ򲻿ѵġ
ҡܿʩϵɻ䣬һһСܶԸ˵ġ
ŷҹ϶û뿪ңֻʱĳطҪģĿĵѰңֻҪϣʱŷҹͻԼġ
ֻǣԪ֪ģŷҹΪ˽ľڵĽ֮͵˸ֵĶɻȻҲá

ƶռУŷҹһȻ󣬻۾
ĶȫСԡĴ촫ңӱŷҹΣ죬ǳ幫¡
˵ŷҹͣٳ߲Ŷԡ
ΪߣĹУĵԼ״̬һֱ״̬ΪֹΪʲôΪͻ֮߻ԭˡ
˿̣ŷҹѾнһ׾ţ忴֮ǰģӽ׳
ȵŷҹһȻԭ䶯ȭţĶвϴġءﵽĳһǿȺı֡
һŷҹӰʹӻƶռʧ
»صʵ磬ŷҹϴ΢΢Ц⣬ľ񼫶ƣõĳɹҲǳ⡣
ƶ仯֮ġһʱ䣬ŰǿʯϣΪҲٴͻƣֱӾ͵Ĳ㣬ȹĲ۷壬ʵֹ˼ô򵥡
Ϣ֮ŷҹľ״ָ̬ƽʱҲ˷еΪʱǹŵģڷȴţ˨Ƕѳء
ǰһУŷҹ˼֮¶һ˿ζЦݣ૵һôż𣿿Ԫģǲ
ûǽķ䣬ŷҹ±飬̧Ժȥ
ŷҹסԺſڣԪΰˣĿվ
ѾһʱˣŷҹӰûг֡ңеĵطѰұˣȴûзŷҹĲ֮ءһʱ䣬ԪﲻɵһĨǡ
׼ȷ˵ԪŷҹǻҪģֻեȡŷҹеļֵҪȻĻҲԸóҴԴȥһɵˡ
ʱŷҹֻѰ褣ԼŵЩ񽣣ûԼǣЩ֮С
ǣ˺ӧ¼ԼԪ֮ҲһЩҲʼΪԼ㡣ϾĿģǰᶼ뱣֤ԼܹõĻȥһҪøǿ

ɫԪΰΨΨŵŵĺ
˰ˡ
ΰĺԪص̾һصҡͷΪڵ˵ҪֵĻҲֻܹ̫̰ˡ
ҸӶʱ򣬴һ͸ź𣺡˰֪̾Ϊ°
䣡
һҸӶˣ鶼ϵı飬Ҳɱת˲š
תǿǰģŷҹʱŵɫŨΪߵԪǾ㵵Ŵ죬ƺôҲ벻ףŷҹʱ䣬˵زġ
ǺǡԪϣΣֻԸЦ⡣
ŷҹȥˣСûпĻڵΪӦĲ˰ɣ
һĭԪЩɤӷɡֱڣ޷ţŷҹܹʱôͻơ
ţͻˡ˵һøл͵ʯĻҪͻƻ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡣡
ȻԪĹ̬ЩΪȻŷҹòԵĻӦ֮仹һЩġ
ڣĲΪټѾޱȵżǿͬʿǣѾսĵˡ
ŷҹĽͣԪȻǲŵġҲ֪ƽЩʱ
Ȼŷҹ㰲ȻҲͷˡɫ̫ȥΣ
Ԫ̬ת֮죬ѾΪʦһĽڡȻ벻ţֻŷҹԼ֪ˡ
Һ԰
Ѿϣ԰УȴԾɱŵƻͨľڻ԰룬һðɵԲ̨ʱŷҹ˾ΧԲ̨
еĴˮ£ϱڵɫʱúں죬˷ܣЦųŷҹ㣬֪Ϊʲô˼
ٴһƣ˵Ⱦˮ꣬Ҿдһ£֪ŷҹΣ
Ҳáϵ룬ŷҹһЦӦ
ΪոͻƣȻӵǿȴûɷӹԣһλᣬܹӴʹ
ŷֵܹȻˬ죡
ʼգԪûп˵ֻ;вͣĴŷҹɫرŷҹʱУ͸һĨڴĹâ
ƹѲŷҹоڣһȵĻ֪Ǿˣһ߶ͬʱҲûټơ
ϵ˼Ҫں԰ģŷҹƻٻŵȥ䳡
Ϊ壬䳡ĹģȻҲС
Լһǧƽ׵УڷŸָıַΪľ׮ɳʯѵء
ʱŷҹʮףվڰ״СĿյϣ໥š


423 ʱ
˶ûʹϾֻһд裬˫ϣ¼
οڼ֮ŷҹҪȥμԵᣬͻƵĲŷҹԪӡ
ϣˣ
ʱŷҹαѾ˳ȥʼʱûʩչΪĿǰϵĹֶЩ
ΰ˵ޣҲ˵ȻǴҲֻǿϣ淨ϣδؾ
ŷҹҲöԷǿһ棬ԵУҲùķ
ৣ
ٴ˸ŷҹٴγʱȴѾվϵȻһȭϵĺ󾱹ȥ
ȣŷҹϮϿзһͺȣȴû˿ƶֻĺ£һɫѸٸ֣ͷŵס
أһƵŷҹһȭֻɫĹ΢΢ָ֮ƽ޷γĴ
һɣŷҹûټ²ӱ任һƵϵ棬ԥ̧ȣϵؿڡ
һΣŷҹĹЧˡֻһˡ죬ϵȻԾûƿǻɫ֣ͨιŷҹѾüɵܴ졣
ŷҹһߵĺˣϺɫϣһĨȻ֡
ڳŷҹһνʱﻹЩӣϾΪ㣬սҲޱȷḻʵ߳ŷҹܶࡣ
һĽǺģϾŷҹδƶֺǣŷҹ˲ĵڶιδġ
ΪˣڵĺսѪҺҲ
׿ŷҹ˫ȭļֳһ͹״˫ȭ֮ϣһɫ֣ȭͷ
һгȭ
һϽ˶Ȼܶÿһβ£䳡ĵ涼΢΢ˡǲϡ
׵ľ룬˫գۼˡ
ϷʱŷҹڵͿʼڣȫȫ˫֮ϣӭϵĳɫ˫ȭݺݵײȥ
һΣ˶óԼǿԱߣһֱڹۿԪҲ¶ǵ飬ӿƺֻҪŷҹаŲļͻǰֹ
˵ȭͷʮҵʱͣ͡
ȻϵȭâУһɳɫɵŷҹӨײһ
͡
΢춯ϴɫӨϽ档ϾŷҹֻĲΪϻЩġ
ʮϢ֮ŷҹɫ΢һ˫۾ûа˼תһԴɳƵĵͺ𣬰ֵȭͷ͵ǰһ͡
ۣ
һ죬ɫ˲ͱŷҹƿۿҪϵĳɫȭͷֻǣƺǺãȭͷײ˲䣬ŷҹȴȻ˿ʮס
Ҳ΢΢𾪣ȫֵʱȴҰŷҹӰȻһ֮ʧ
ǡ
ǰֵһĻֻϣԪѾԭأ۾ǲ˼ɫŷҹ츳϶ܹ벻ʱ䣬ŷҹȻܹͻΪͬʱ
һʱ䣬ҪΪǲԼˡ
ಣ
죬ŷҹΣ״Ժ󣬼û˿ͣͣ˲ٴʧ
ŷҹٶȺȻϵ״¶һĨء
ΪΪҪǿŷҹŷҹҪǿһЩٶϣȴ״̬ŷҹʮ֮һ硣
أ
һ죬ֻо·һνסǰ̤ͬʱҲվεͬʱת壬̬
ǣתڻûŷҹӰķ֮ʣȻ䣬ͷһһ˿¶ĵ״ʶģǰ
أ
ܣһжϣܣԼ첻ŷҹٶȣڶصʱؿҽһվȣ²һ󣬱㡰ˡһ£һƨɶڵϣֱض΢΢
֮ŷҹھʮԶĵط֣ɫƽˮû˿ֵ˷ܡ֮ǰΪĹȣɵĲ԰ɫʱҲ΢΢ָЩ
ˣٶȣҸ͹
ϴֵվһĴϵĻһ߲ĺе
Ȼû뵽û뵽ŷҹʵȻܹ֮ھͱǿ󣬿պԵᣬǵʤֶһְԪһϲǰص
Ԫŷҹֻ΢΢һЦǻӦȴʱ̶ھţϾԪڻ֪ɻɢѾ֮ڣңŷҹҲл֪
ŷҹȸˡ
ص䣬ŷҹûżڴϣԺлĵڶھԵ֮ǰܹﵽĵڶ㾳磬΢
Ĳͣľʱֽ̱״̬ڣҲҪһЩʱ״̬
Ϣŷҹ˲״̬˿ûΪղŵսӰ붨ٶȺʱ䡣
һҹʱ䣬ŷҹڲжȹ
ֻҪ̫ҵģͲоƣο
һȴЩʧΪһʱ䣬˿ûҪ΢ĸо
ʵŷҹҲܹô̵ʱ˳ɾͣȳѾǳˡ
ôżҪ΢磬ԼЩ̫ˡ
緹ŷҹûżȥϡϰٰ㲻Ըٺŷҹ֣ջǽסĥӲݣһѡ
һŷҹûнϵĹżһνҲ֮ʱȡж
˵Ľ֣ʱмͣЪһΣŷҹãһֱָǿȵĹ£ϵĹҪʱ
ΪĲ㣬ʩչʱҲңԣŷҹϲٵĹȵ⡣
ϵһپܾ£ŷҹΣֻ㬻ȥҲ֪ΪԼϵľĹ
֮ŷҹԺеĻ治֣ղսһĻĻͬˮһݱ˳ԼϸĵĹĦҳԼĲ֮ȻԸĽ
һʱ䣬ת˲ţԵᣬֻвʱˡ
ʱ֣ŷҹվԺü˼Ժ֣Ҳͻ΢
ಣ
˸ǾڼҪ̤Ĳʱŷҹȴֹסˡһ֪ȥ
Ȼʵ벻ͨҲûпǿ󣬶ǲϵʩչһ˲䣬ŷҹӰԺﲻͣ֡
ƺ̫רע״̬еŷҹȴûע⵽̤һʱǰȴһºʵǽڡ
ǽڵӰֵ˲䣬ŷҹʱعҪܣȴѾˡ
鼱֮£ȻڶھȻĵδȥʱȴڰУĸı˷


424 ΢
ಡһƿ֮ŷҹΣԺſڴվȴģĲӰɢ
ûָо
㶵վԭأŷҹͷȴޱϲ
û뵽΢Ȼײˡܣֻ̤ܶһֻҪһĽ
˷ܹŷҹԺﱼߴĵĲҲʮβܳɹһΣɶڵѾһشͻˡ
ʱ֣еŷҹ˫ۣαʹӴʧ˻ƶռ䡣
򣬼˶֪ɱԪһ׷Ĺ£ֻ˲
Ȼǲ֪ǣŷҹûӲ׷Ĺֻǳ˵һ׻󣬱Ͷؽ˻ƶռ䣬Ȼɢȥʱٳ
һгԼ⣬Ҳû֪Ҳ͵ҥԣ˵ʲôӲ߷ǿʲôġ
Щǰ顣ŷҹĿǰ״̬ʿҲûһս֮
˼ŷҹϥתľʼһֵ
һΣȡ˽ѵͨɫʯͷʱֻһʱ»֮Ͱرˡ
ˣһʱӿĸʱȻΪûͻƣȴҲٽ㣬ʲôʱһ磬ȫǿԼԸ
ʱˮ
ʱ䣬ɿšŷҹΪͣ档ƷҲڿ̤񣬾ŲʿУܻûġ
ŷҹοǣʱңֻңûڰʹʲôӣĻҲô˳
ΰһͬԹ緹ŷҹصסȻԼԺһһʩչܿѾǳˣȴûһʱһ̵и
ԵͻٿҲ˵ŷҹֻʣ²һʱ׼
ȻԼʵ㹻ţǱҪȴǲκϽĶԹˣѾ㣬ڰս󣬲۳ɰܣһ뿪ң뿪Ժȥֻһһˡ
ҹī
·춼ܵ˷ѹȣϵǣǱǰһϣҲǱһּѹֵ֡
ƶռ棬ŷҹڵأ˫ƽ̯ĳϣҸнࡣÿκһɵڣϢ֮󣬶һѭ
ֹУȻ
һŷҹ۾ڶ̶һܵʱ棬ʹһ㣬ͻƵٶȣǰδеġ
Ȼÿʱ֣Խ»ŷҹȴû̫ͻƣϾͻƣѾһЩɡ
ҪʱģȫӦ˵ǰʱ򣬲ٴͻƵʱ
Уĸ֣˵Ҳûܹ˵ŷҹ
ңΪߵƾԼƶͽľҲмְܹѡ
ֱգŷҹӵһЩֶΡǣЩԶԶޱߣһӶͣһС棬иӼ޵Ҫɡ
ΰһ߽Ժӣ˼еŷҹЦʵŷ֣Եἴʼ֪һΣŷмʤ㣿
ĻӦ߳ϰɡ
ŷҹûԣʵȷ˵ǣµľҸңǲҲʲô֣һδ£ŷҹҶʮɵİա
ԷʱԪĿȫŷҹϣϣɫɲȴûпѯʲôԴŷҹһϵе¼Ѿľˡ
ĹģǺܴ󣬵ˣڴ˴פʿҲ¡
죬ǰʮһȵԵᣬͬʱҲǰ»Դս
컹ûĹ㳡ϣƽвһЩ߽ʿ㳡룬һƽ״Сʯ̨̨ܣΧ£һ󷨡
㳡Уͬһϡ
˵һԵᣬ˭ùڣ
һƣݵӣѯԵͬ顣
׳գ⻹ò𣿿϶ҰϾΪ˵ѾˣǶ֡
ǣҵҲѽӦҲ˰ɣ
֮ʣһΪм𣺡׳գҸʲôѵǲ֪һһλǿĿ𣿾˵ܹ׷Ĺ𣬶һɱԪ
ˣ̸ʤ⡣ңЩ˵УϣһʤġԭȻڹȥʮ棬Ҹμңһֱѹƽ񣬶ʵңȴѹǡ

ȻȺһȻ˲ķֳһ׿Ĺ
ǰģҼԣվһݿʣȴ꣬ӦþԪһֱδ¶Ĵˡ
ҵĺ棬Զһν˶꣬һƽǰţƺԽıǲôһ
ģȻԪˣԣŷҹΰңҲûйֱ̨󷽵Ŀ̨ȥ
Ͽ̨֮·˳ĳŷҹС
СӣǸ𣿡
ŷҹ˼ԼĶ˭ʱ򣬶һ΢ɳƵĿתƣ󶨸Աߵϡ
˲䣬ŷҹͷһ˿ΣոоңҲˣΪһ㡣
ңǹΣһ϶ҲʲôΪ֪ĵơ
˵Ԫǵȷһ΢΢һЦŷҹӦ
ৣŷҹµͬʱбһâ֣ԭ԰׵ɫ͸Щκ졣ؿŷҹһۣûг˵ʲô
ӱ䣬ƽʱ˷ĻġǣһγԺȴ֪ԼֵܣԪһ˸ɱˡ
ȻƽʱҲЩԼλֵܣɱϾ˵ͬѪԽ쿴ŷҹ˲䣬ҪᣬúԷһֻû뵽͵ɷʴףԼԷ衣
ԵỹûпʼҲԶ֣Ļ϶ᱻʧܲġ
ˣֻ̣ȵʽսʱٸŷҹһ
ʱ֣㳡ۼѾﵽңڵӺʹ䣬ǰۿˡ
ŷҹ̨Ŀɨ·ˣȻضסԶЩͳ˵Զ侮ʯҪݺŷĳǵĳԹѾ¡񣬽ᣬ˶ϰɣ


425 սԶ
Զս෴ҲҪúýѵŷҹ
ǣŷҹ˵ֻ˼Ѿԣ˵Զ±ɣϲ֮ΣⲻԼҡ
Сӣ
ԶһظܵŷҹΪ˿Ծһ㣬ԼҪһ㣬벻ʲôԼ
һԶӿ̨ϻ£ȻӴȡȣȻ͵ز̤棬ֱһء촫
ֻԶһͬҵļʸһϷ˳ȥȵ̨֮ϣŷҹԶ
ǾԶҵһ̳ˣӵʵ
ԶǰԪһϲѹƽ񡭡
꣡С㡭
Զվ̨˲䣬·Χ۵ˣĿʼ̸۾ǶּӵܵĲм
籾ʵΪһûʵȻⲻ˱۸׵Ҫ
һûкõʣûжԴ͹ЩӵܣŵηֺޣôЩֻ˽һ£ˣǿɱ֮
ײһǿɱˣǿû˹ܵġ
ЩòȻҲԶĶ䣬ŷҹΪʶ֮ǿȴǶ˸һЩӡ
Զ˱ԪΪǿ⣬ʵҲǿȥв͸һĨ
ȥɣ
ԶԷı飬ʱŭһ˻ȡᡱչת䣬ȻһɫԲ֣һ󣬺Хųŷҹȥ
ԶŷҹĶҲתȻθ߸ԾԲֱ˲š͡Ʒӹ
飡
ŷҹصڵϣȻѸ£ͷһƷ춯
ԶһлԼĵʱģƽʱһʽƴÿһζܻʤںͼг߱Եʱ򣬻Ĺ˫عܹĳæҡ
񣬱ŷҹһԶֻΪǶԷһЩˡ
СŷҹȴǰҡͷһСֶΣߣҲóԶӣȴǶһЩүӣȱʵսľ顣
磬ÿ˶ʶ֮Сĸ˶㲻ȥŷҹҲܲµԶضǼĵӵܣƽ˸д裬ĸĵӣһЩϣҲӶ࣬ϾΪȥˣǿ͵ͬʵˡ
˵ԶҲǲأͬҲ㹻ˡֻԶҲ벻ΪʱҲֻһ󣬱˵ŷҹѾһǴĻ䶨Ȼ̳Ҽ֮λȻɶȴò˵Ҳһ֡
һһɢĳ㱻ŷҹУԶϵ¶˷֮⣬һ˫Ǳս⡣
Ȼŷҹ֪ԶеǺ͵ȼķ϶ǲԼеʤаġ
ڣﵹҪԶıʤаݻʱԷֻ顣
̨ϣԪŷҹı֣ϽɻﲻɵΪŷҹкá
ʵĿǵڶ˵ҪһλãΪŷҹսʤ
ৣ
Զڶιŷҹһ䣬ѾִԶǰ֮ʤаնٶ̫죬ʤаѾ屾壬һâԶ¡
ŷҹĺȻϮȻԶЩֲֻ̺ȵڲ񵶵Ĺλϣϡһ֮æһ̤ףٴκŷҹ˾롣

˫ضŷҹԶɫ죬٣ڵش
ԳһθܵвȻΪ˲ЩǱ˴ֵģԶȳ˸Ҫ塣
ս״̬֮ŷҹе˲ʧûȥıʲôһеսͷӦ½еġ
ಣ
˸ŷҹĵڶιĿ꣬ԶƾԼٶƣԶͺһһƾŷҹϷˣ
ʤаɵâɢ⣬Զĺն¡
ȻŷҹΪԶҪܵʱޱȾȵһĻˡ
ܵϢԶһʱҪ㿪һ뵽ŷҹǹĪٶȣܵ˴
֮£ó˸׸Ļ
ҷԪˮֻҪĶԵֵʿȫһ
ȫɫâɲǣԶŵ̬ڷҲܵˣ󾱵ֲλһػԼȴˡ
ҵҪ㻹ôңԶе⡣
ŷҹվԶʮ׿ĵطһĨԵϷʡ
̨ʹԪԵǷʹ÷õĻشȻǲܡ
ҲˣղŻû뵽ԶȻΥʹ˷¶˳ȻӣɲЦˡ
ĿɨԪķʱսȥѾûˣȻҪһĽ͡
ĹǰģԶΪ˵Ѿ𣿡ȻѯʣԪᶨʡ
̨ϱɫâԶɫ׺ࡣ
Ԫ˵ûвʹ÷ǰӹĹء
ԶΥ˹һ˵ԶѾʧȥ˱ʸһҴ˿ѾǱ̭ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҵ˿̱ųȦ⣬עҪΪĵȻܽܵġ

Ȼ֪ѾԾɿһֱδ̬ΪֻҪ棬˵һ仰ԪʲôҲǲ˵ġ
ȻǲܱģԶҲȷΥ˹򡣡˵Ļһ£ƳһۣٿԪ˵
ϹȻʵǿҲ˵ϹԷڣԪȻ֪ûʲôûˣȻֲõ˵
ʵҲ˶ϾʧȥʸĻҾͻΪĵڶǻõĺô޷ġ
ͷ˵ꡣƺϵԪķӦδ䷢𣬶ǵ˵󣬲ż͵Υ˹һĿãҪҲ׷Ǿͱ븶һЩˡ
죬ԪﻹĴ㣬򵥵˵һжΪ档
˵ҪĴ۲ȥ
ٰ㲻ԸԾѯʳ
ԵԪûٳƺҲĬ飬Ͼڳõ˵ǱȽϿǰ档
óĶȻʵʵģֻǶԷΪʧóģʵҲòǵϿɣʱǷʱռţû㹻ʵһܵķš


426 
ʯˣһƽ˵ֻҪԸ֧ҸҸʯʹ˽ҹ֪ΪΣ
ļ룬ɫһףû˵ʲôԪУŵâƺҲԼĴ㡣
ʯһõóġǹؼڣⳡԭҸҵȴҪ⸶˶ʯȻЩԸ
ǣǰҲҳһڶͷԼ汣סˣҿܻûġ
ãҴӦˡݺһҧӦΣԼϱɵ
涮ȡ֮õҪĴ𸴣ʱüЦЦſ޵
ʼգΪ˵ȴû˵һ仰·ȫ˳һ㣬ˣ̨ϵŷҹȴˡ
һսŷҹ˵ûκκôֻԵİҳ֣սԶΥ棬Ѿȡʤ뵽ڱ󼸸ѾЭ
ٺ٣СӣûУϾֻһˣһõĹߣھԵǰҲ㵱ƷͳȥǲǷǳڰ
ҷԶ֮ǰľֶʱɢĴԺŵʱƺѾˣڲǰһ㱻ŷҹˡ
ޣʲô壬Υ˹Źˣǿɳܡ
ǣλСҲñˣȺ޳ܵΪ飬С챻ˡ
ҿǰĵڶ壬û뵽ȻôҪ涪ˡ
̨һƬȫǶҵĲҲ޳ܣʲô¶һʡ
ȻŶҲ΢ǣԷΥˣֻҪµҼ֣Ϳ԰̨ȥԪȻ˵ң
Щ̨·йвĸʹУֻǹ󣬸Ƕûʲôϵ￴ҲǴոֶѡ
С˿ԣҪǴ˵ǻǿ˭ɵģЩ˿ɲһҲ֪
ǺǣΣʹ÷䣬㻹ܷ죿ŷҹЦڹǣԱүĽǲǷɡ

Զܲסһȥ趯ŷҹնȥ
ҷȻپŷҹ
ৣ
ŷҹԴʱԶҪĽѡʱá
Ʋȥڻ԰ͻһڣȫûаԶ
Զ׷緢ޣ׷ŷҹͣǣٶж죬ŷҹܱһ˿ִ򲻵ĸоԶƵֻѪ
ﵱȻżҷȻǿ󣬵ȴȱݣֻάһʱ䣬ʱһŷҹķҲչ
Ҳ֪ŷҹһĻǲԷġ治֪Сôôһһصļһô
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427 
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˵һԨһϹ񽣣һ˰ɣ棬һ΢ĵ
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428 ŪҵĽ
鷢չòνŹ֣ǰԵᣬŷҹֻȭģֵڵĳ̶ȣŷҹȻǣһȺ˶ǽкɱҪŷҹˣһ顣
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µҲûʲô˵ˣŷҹǱģңֵңҪٻ뿪ǲŽйˡ
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תһ룬Լʲô浱Լ֮ӵ𣿵ʱֻҪеģԼһĶǶעͳ
СʲôҲûУҲǰˣԼһ˼ƽô
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䡭
һ˶ЩҪըˣŷҹǷɵ
һ񽣣ȴ˵˼˻򲻹ǲûռˣ


429 Ҫ
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ԷʵԼǿɾˣһ׿罣ֻҪһҲͱۡ
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һѻóӰǿԻ˵ģһѽҪӰͰѵ˸סǾЩɵˡ
ӰչǽӰܳΪĽ㲻ŰԼĽôڽӰ֮УһʵʱնֻýӰȥס֣ǿɾʹشˡ
ŷҹĽ֮ȴòϣսʽ̫ˣһЩåܶдܶ࣬Ҳ򵥹ֱӣЧ
ڽϣһѾ޽Ҳ˴һ̾ҲֻǾ̾һѡ
ѽĳ֣һûΪŷҹƣ෴ģǿȥһ׸ŷҹһˣһţܲƾӳһƬӰķΧ
ôصһѾ޽Ҫܶˡ
ưɣ
ʱҾһϺȣŷҹž޽һ̤ǰмնȥ
顭
絶жʱһ֮󣬽жѾޡ
ոջôǿһƣ͸һϻһһ̾ȥֻʣһƤ
ڽһ¿ƲϢĽ׷ͷȥ
һӿѾˡ
һоǵĻͲֵܵģԭصĻֻǱˡ
һˣѾ˳˱̨ķΧ֮ڣձ˵Ѿˡ
Ҫ𣿡ŷҹؿ˵Ļѽҵˣ


430 ݹҵô
룡һû䣬ҲûӮ
ɣȻѾ˱̨һһΣҲֻһˣٵȥϣԼĳŵŷҹ
һʱЩ죬ô֪ԼЩˣˣҪ񽣸ŷҹôܣ
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ѽĳ˵ҵ֮óãһȴΪ˸׳ƣŻԼó
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ڴҿ϶룬һôĽȴһŷҹûѽĻǿܾ͸ӹƨˡ
ȥҪ壬ȫʵ⣬˵ٶҲûõģֻʵȥ˵ŻȡЧ
һŷҹӣһն˵
һʱ䣬Ȼһ̨ˣȻ֪Ҫô
ʱŷҹ˵ģǲҪѽΪֻøҡʱţڡȻеˡ
ŹţܰѽȻȥƴǵȻܡ
һӣʹýԭʼֶΣֱŷҹ
һ׷ҲЧֻŷҹӦø죬޽ʱѾһѶϽ
һѶϽǻ򲦣򵲣ÿһ¶ŷҹֻ΢΢һŲƣѾλһѾƽˡ
ԽԽãѽԼģǶԷģΪÿһǱ㵽һǶԷȥԼȥ̡
ֱĴ򷨣ǵһΡ
ûõģѽ˵κܣʹһнУᱻظңԨֿ֮øֲ֮ˣûΨͼļСŷҹ˵ţϽҲԨ֡

Ѿ˷ĵزš
ǶԷΪҲԶԶʸץ񽣡
ǶԷ֮õ飬ʮֵһŷҹƴȥ
ۡ
ŷҹƻ棬׾ٵѪҺ
Ƿһŵģ¶ԷʲôɱУڿŷҹֻǱոյʤͷԣһʱ嶯ŻΪԼ޵еģΪԼ˫־ܰôһ񽣸ץȥ
ʵǲпģֻһ˲䣬ѪҺ˳Žʶȥ
ҪͻȻֽѾûа취ٶˣŷҹȻƣȴץסѽ
ǣ
عע֮УҪѽٴ߶һ̨ףԨ֮ŷҹһܳе˵ģ
ˡ
ǾʱͻȻԨˣǰȾŷҹѪԨȻȻûа취뵽ѽȥ
ܣôܣﷴ߶仰
񽣾ȻˣϵĻŷҹ
ƾʲôӵԨѾֹ꣬ÿһμĵӣͼȥ
ΪһԱβ֪һ񽣣Ҳֻ֮󣬲ܷӳ
ǳеİ취Ҳûһ˵õ񽣵ϿɣԴҶΪѽȻǺܸܿû˿ԷȻҲܼ궼ûһʵ˰ɣ
Ѿõ˵Ͽɣڣŷҹúʵǣˣ޷һȺﲻ񽣵Ҫ
ȻŷҹʲôҲû˵ڳˣȴϰ˼ʮƣɵһ
Ԩλŷҹһ
Ԩʢ˼£һѳշɵŷҹǰͣ¡
ŷҹŷҹɫס
Ԩҵ񽣣Ҫһٳ񽣣һֱ̼һЦ
ûа취ܣѾشӹս̨վĿ
ŷҹԨҵ񽣣һսҷ䣬ֻҪԨ黹˵ĵһ飬ҲһӦ㣬˲һţΣų
⻰˵һѿ
˵ԨŷҹҵĹϵ󣬵Ļҹϵɾʹˡ
ҵ˰һ壬˵Ҿǵڶ˰죬ǰҸߵϡ
ǻҲԵذʾҲͬ⣬ʰңƣ仯찡
֮ǰΪȹ̵Ĺϵôһѽǰ̾ͱ޹ؽҪˡʲôǼ˸Ů˹ȥѣ˾ͼˣ浱ԷԼһɣ
ҵڶ飬Ҳֻһ¶ġ
ֻŷҹ᲻ͬ⣬ֻŻҴҵòһĵλҲͲȥŵˡ
Ǻǣ˵ЦŷҹϣȻЦոҸӶԼʱôһ£ǲǾѾӮˣȻˣҪеԨҪˡ
ողͷͬŷҹսһת۾ȻַˣȻǿŷҹӮӣֲ׼ϸոյĶԼˡ
Լǰ죬ֻҪ˵ŷҹ϶ǻЭġ
û뵽һΰˣŷҹֻԨȴûһˡ
ʲôЩŵص
һޣ֮ǰмʱѾˣҸ֮ǰҲ˵ãһЩܶĵĶѽˣҪڣȻǲˡŷҹ˵
ǺǡҲЦŷҹ㲻⣬ҲһЩʯʯΣ
ʯ𣿲ҳʯٸһԨΣŷҹЦ
ʯȻչǿҵģʯҪһԨҲҲˡ
ŷҹ㲻Ҫ̫Ļֻ㵽ͷʲôҲòŭ
⻰Ҫҷ𣿡ŷҹʡ
㲻ʶĻһжǿܵġǰһ̤ҽվͰѻԨߣ㽻ҲýҲýʶһЩĻȥʯǻҪٵôߣݹϷĺˡ
ǺǣȻ˵ҲͲٶ˵ˡŷҹԨһգѪĸоȻԨһҪߣ֮ǰǶµʲôʯҲһҪˣҲٵôˣ
㡭û뵽иҲӵˡ
µҲֻǳˡ
أѾûٶˣΪ˭֪ҵҲѾ˰Ķˣò֣ĶӶѾܸļһˣﻹٸ
ŭˣӱ˴ܣ񽣱ߣֻǰŷҹ£һҵ档
ɣһһҵľŷҹȥ


431 Ҳɱ
һ˹ȥεľ˲͵ŷҹǰ
ŷҹҲţе񽣶ûжҲһƣƵ
䡭
ģŷҹһأؿҲȾһЩѪȻڸոһǶƴˡ
صʵҲŷҹȻˣȴһʧܵӶûС
ոһµȷ˵ˣʧȥսǻԶء
һŵҩǵĲҲ漴ͱ޸ˡ
׼սһ𣿡ŷҹʵ
Ѿû˸˵ĻˣҵǺСӣеԣֻϧȴΪã˵ЩϧڻüԨܸ㣬ҳ֮⣬еķѡۿѾСˣǷҪһ£
˻Ͷ࣬ʵ㣬ҪҪһսȴˣǻʹһսɣŷҹЦ
㡭ҲãСȻҲЩţȴ֪ߵغעҪɱˡҲò֪˵ʲôˡ
ڣЩϧŷҹֻǶԷСһ֪ԲܱõˣȻҲֻɱԨǾԲʧġ
㲻Ϊոһƣҵļ˰ɣŷҹʵ
һոһƣŷҹӲƴʮֲǵģǶԷôˡ
СӾȻûʲôˣ㵹ˣ˵һһأ֮ĲǾ޴ġ
Լһ԰ɱСӾȻֻСˣ˵֮Ѿκˣеˡ
ԼʱһӾ͸
ˣҲֱһٶʮСģֹŷҹʲôˡ
ã͸һսʤˣϷͷΪһΪͣǺǣ㻹ܲŵҲŷҹŸ̼ˡ
㻹ûд򣬾֪ԼһʤǸһֻ˵ԼʤΣҲԼҪΣŷҹЦ
ҲˣҪ֪ذһֵʱ򣬴Ҿ֪εѾˣŷҹնɱ
û뵽ŷҹȻǿֵزһƣȻġ
ҪԼս⼸ûгֹˣŷҹڻ穱˵ʶԷӮˣӮʲô
Ӯˡһ˲䣬˵ҵĲҵ͸Է
ǻߵʱͻȻоһ˿⣬Ƕ˵оһ˿ΣУæֱ仯һ¡
ϷڣӮĻᣡ˵Ҳŷҹ˵ԼѾһԾŷҹץȥ
ôȰԨ񽣸˵
ŷҹҲóԷĿģֻЩˣԨѾôٱߡ
ҪĨԼʶӡҲҪΪ൱߲УƾֻصʵûʸȥĨӡ
ˢ
ŷҹĳһݺȥûжƣǽȴȫеģֻб˲ܸоõ
һԨȥƺûиղһǵһǰʱȴԨǱˣǸǿˡ
֮ϵĺҲЩʱоԽɱ
һĳ˾ʱͱ⽣ֳ飬Ҳûвŷҹŷҹǳһ֮һ˸֮䣬ǰԨ̳һֱȡԷʺ
ŷҹÿһĿķ˿Ի󣬴ҿĶҲǺÿһÿһ˿ʱ԰ĶϣǵȥǸʱȴԼˣǿƻĶʵǿ쵽˼㣬Ҫҳһȱƶǲܵġ
˵ŷҹĽֻΪĶ־绹δﵽ
ۿŷҹһҲЩľæҲԼĳһ͵ǰҪʵӲһѰͻơ
˭ϾΪŷҹĽȻᱻסʱŷҹٴһ
ּڿһתɲκ˶ѸٷӦġ
ɲͨˣķӦȻʮѸ٣δȾѾһڣն
ֻһûԸնеŷҹϣϵնոоһʱһ
ҵõһţҲǴܵŷҹսǸּʵ̫󣬱ûʲôµģΪٿ죬Ҳ޷ȥͻƶԷķԷֻҪɱһ̾Ҫ
ʱֻΪŷҹһصߣԾҲȫûзϣһڵߣʲôµġ
ʵĽȴ˳ԾŷҹһԾأһûã
ôҲû뵽ǣӲҪãӵˣģŷҹôţõż죬Ҳĳ̶ȣһǱһֲ
ϵΪһʽӦԵ൱ףȴִ֪ˡ
ŷҹûа뷨ıȥɱ
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·ĺȴǡ
ۡǸСӾȻӮˣأ֮еţ
ⲻţʵеţûʵҲǰ״ġ
ѵҪٽһµļ𣿡
ףһʱ򣬺ܶ˶һ¡
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˵̶ڵҲָ
˵Աŷҹһ֪˶ܹȥ£в֪ٵŮԸȥС檡
οŷҹǴҶģЩ˼ʮ꣬˵ʮ󣬻᲻иŵĶӣԼһˣȫҲ԰һϼʮûٸâˡ
ڸм˶һȻҲһԪĿɬ
˵֮ǰа˵ŷҹŷҹĶ֣µǸֻͱŷҹֲˡ
ûʵҲƿزˡ
ûôһ£ŷҹ֮仹ڣ˵ܵһ壬ڡһжˡ
ŷҹ㵱Ҫڰ壿Ȼ˰ѽŵ˲ϣƬʧֳ̱֮ʧһ̬
ֻҪԨŷҹЦһ£ѽܲ٣ǲǣҽվûأΪ죬Ҳɱ㣡


432 
ԼʱЩˣһû˵ҪʲôŷҹҲûиȥֻҪѽһ˲
ֻҲЩ棬ȻԼʧ񽣣ĺ
Ҳ˵ʲôˣֻŷҹ
ãҴӦ㣬Ԩˣ˵
лŷҹѽջأһԷһ֣ǰԨǶԷ͸һ
лոڰ
һ˿񶾣Сӷǵ˱˻ԡ
ǲ˵ʲôһ֮䣬Ѿ뿪˱̨ﰵһȻ顣
¡
һ𣬺˾޴ʲôҲûз
ţҾ֪ԼһֻþΪҲ΢΢زţ⵽ôˣ
Ｘûз𰡣
ӦǵһХң
ҵĸۡϿգͻȻһ⣬һ֮Уնֳ룬˸֮䣬ѾԵΧ۵Ͽա
һ뷢԰׵ߣһصĳֳۣһϸ򵥵̤վȴһ޿ƥеơ
ǡ
棡
ƽЩʶ˭Ԫˣȴһ۾ϳ˲ǱˣǰѾ档
˵ȥչأǺ֪ʵҲ㹻ȥ֧һ壬Ҳûʲô˸Ҵҵ⣬Ȼûʲôȥעˡ
ڿ治ˣڱչء
ȻڣǶڵ˵Ҳڲˡ
ʲôΪ𣿡
֪ǿӣҲʲôˡ
ԪҲһɬԭΪֻҪǿһЩȡҸһڿı󣬻һôǿĸǿߣǵӣֻά־Ѿˡ
ʲôҽг¿һۣȻҲ֪ԵᣬͷֳҲûпʲô״ӱչ֮нг
ף񽣱˶ȥò븸׳ͷҧݹ
ʲô˵ԨҲɫһ䣬ʲôôӣ
СӣŷҹԮֻ;ѣԼȻ̰ͼҵ񽣣ΪУʵǿɶŷҹ
Χ۵ĶƽЩҲ֪Ȼ˵ʲôﶼǲҪˡ
ոջŷҹ˵ѽŷҹˣһת˵Ǳŷҹȥ˼𣿷ҵĸˣ⽣˼ҵġ
һѽǻôţ
СӣѽͻߵͷҵǽҿһĿŷҹһת
ұΪ̾Ͷնɱŷҹû뵽֮ģһʱ䶼ŷҹȥ
ûжģڵɲʵ֪ǿ˶٣һŷҹٲЭĻҪնɱˡ
ǺǡŷҹҲǿЦһɻǿ£㲻׼̳ɱ𣿡
ȻԨУʧҲԼʵУ㹻ʵҲֵֵز浭ֻصʵȴܰܣҵǺĸֻ֣ҪԸңҿԸԴΪպΪָ㣬Ҫ̤㻯񾳣Ҳָտɴġ

һӣҶһ£ô˵Ѿﻯˣ
ͻ񾳣ǿ֮𣬾ͺ徳Ĳһûʲôɱԡ
浹ûаŷҹƾǸٵĺôɼŷҹҲһ˰ؼǣŷҹٵõ˻񾳵ָ㣬ԺΪᵽʲô̶ȣ治˵Ϳ
ףҪŷҹ£ʱȴЩˣҲҪŷҹԿƶԷ£֪ԼͿƲסһպײˣΣ𣬡СҰģ£ֻǻˡ
ߣԼʵãȥڼĽڣ񽣶ܶʧҲְ߯ûõѡҲҪλˣض죬Ѿһ仰ͰŵҲ˵ˡ
Ǻǣ棬˵ҲӴָ̫ҽ뻯񾳣Լֻһ۷ѣָҽ뻯񾳣ŷҹȴЦ㲻ҪƭȥңȻҲ֪£ٸʩչһЩʲô㣬ˣǻ񾳣ҲһֱҸǡ
ţҲһ㶣漴Ҳ
û뵽Լٰ绯񾳣ȻᱻСӸ𴩡
۷壬鲽ոһ˲䣬֮ǰʩչյΪշУѾɾ˻һ
ЩһܿóģϾЩ˶ֻڻڣڶûУܿóֶΡ
ŷҹһ⣬óһͰѶԷˣ߲ѡ
ˣԼĲҲˣĸ˵һһǲģҪһԼҲƲסСӣǿˡ
СӣȻϷҲֻаնɱˣֵĿ˭Ƕŭġ
һ۷ǿ߸ŭˣʲôҶϢţҪж
ʹΪ˵䣬ܶһЩʤ𣿡ŷҹЦ
ʤ㣿治ǻ񾳣Ҳ׵۷壬һ۷ǿߣԸһողͻƵأܴأѵܸ۷忹⣿
ҶĿԴٵƽҪһµľĴ򿪡
Ȼŷҹｨһ岻һԭǿǵһϣѹʱ̫Ҳ̫ˣʱҪıһˡ
ֻǴҲ֪ͬϣʵ󣬱Ͼ˵Ĳôԡ
治˵̧ǰһ̳ڰͻȻһӭһ˲ͱôŹâŷҹ

ŷҹ֪ƾѾ棬˵ʵ࣬ѾӰƸ
˲䷢Ҳ֮ʮ֮⣬ոҪٿʱȴһŹâȻҲŵĸǰȻûб˦
ֵС㿪ϷֶΣǲ
Ҳûŷҹ뷨ֻҪնɱðǰԨ
â˲Ͱŷҹûˣһ뵽â棬ŷҹ̾͸оܶճѹҪһ
ãϼһȻ׶ԸŷҹҲǰľ


433 
鲽˵ܶ۷ĸֶҪ˵֮ɾͲˡ
֮Ѿǰֻ̤뵽˻񾳵ķΧˡ
ŷҹʦǰʱҲûͻƻ񾳣ȻʱĹҲѾͻƵıԵ˲ֽ֮Ǳ͵Ϯֱܾܿӵ˻񾳡
ڵҲһֵĽ֮Ȼܰŷҹȫ㹻޷㡣
£ֱǱ˰ˣűɱһ
Ԩֿ֮֮λŷҹҪĹͷûҪȥȴ޼ɵԨĽ֮
Ϊ֪֮ܶԿģ㲻Ľ֮Ҳ㹻һصΪƵġ
ôȥֻ·һԲƴһѡ
ͷգֻ˲ͺһһĽ֮ʱ糱ˮһӿŷҹ֮Уصı⽣֮ĳ֮¶ʱ̮
֮žأӴĽ֮ƺޱ赲
ǰ˼ѽ֮ȴ̫ԣԴϴĪƵĶ֮̽һܷ֮ӵҲԽԽˡ
ǰѶ̽ʲô֪ǿȷǽɣֻǶ֮̽ϵϢɱ¾أ֮ҲͻʱһЩɱԡ
ΪֽʤаԭԽԽЩɱȻʱܿƵģȴѾżصơ
ֻΪʤаǿһѽԲòð
ԨĽ֮֮󣬲صıϣһٰǹаɷɱɾ
Ϊʶ֮һ֮󣬾Ȼ㶼һӡ
ģоԼʶ֮Ѿܹ̽鶫ٽһʶ֮ȥˡ
Ҳأʶ֮Ӧģǵ˭ʶܱ֮ʵʵĹŷҹǿԣԼеˡ
ԨһѾ̹֮֮һս
˿̣ŷҹǸоһѹȴѾȫû˸ղŵĽ겻
ƿգһ֮£ŽŷҹĹâ̾ͱն顣
һ֮ĹҲ֮һıѾһˮһ㳯
ˢ
ûκεܣŷҹ֪һ۷ǰܸûʲôЧܲĵذЩߣڣֻһս
Ԩ񽣣ĸǿ
ʣԨǿˣȴΪ
ŷҹڽռ˱ˣҲֻҪþʤԷˣͻƵأҲȻǶԷĶ֡
۷壬벽񾳣ӵŽ֮һеһУŷҹ̶̵ͻƾսʤ˵ġ
ۡ
ûо޴ıըŷҹȻ󵹷ɣͬʱһѪ
˶ʧؿŷҹķ򣬵ǿȴǸӾȵһĻ
ŷҹȻûдӿеȻ֮ڽҪʱͻȻ٣ڿлһ⣬Զ֮зȥ
һȻû
涼ɻˡ
ת֮䣬Ѿףŷҹûˣȷˣһ˵ûᣬֻ˱ŷҹ֮С
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ԡͻȻ뵽һ⣬ŷҹոյ֮ô᲻ɽ
һϸ֮£ƺǿ⣬Ȼŷҹˡ
ˣֻһѿȥӽεĽѡ
СӣΪӵ𣿡Ц
ȻСƵúʵʵӵһʱôƤ߳
Ųһ̤Ѿ߿գ΢΢һۣѾŷҹķ
ٶô̫ˣ濴ŷҹٶȣֱ͸Сһ
һǰıͼ׷ȥ
ֻϢʱ䣬Ѿ޵ؽӽŷҹֻҪһ֣ܹ̾ŷҹı
µȴҲٵʲôˣ־Ķֻ֣кúŪһ£ŸԼͷ֮ޡ
СӣϷ֪ⰲ򣬸ԣ·һҲô˵ģڴ֮ͥ£ܾһеĥ֮˳Ҳ֮ǰΪһװɣƵظŷҹ
棬һʦ鷳ĸҶңʦұʮҲض촷ۣŷҹҲǺ޺˵
㣬ˣΪһôһвڰĵλ𣿽ˣվвһôɵ𣿡˵
͵űʦŰɡŷҹҲЦ
ʦΪһʦҾͻẦʲôɵĵӣССİԵᣬôȥôһССļʲô棬ֻ˵һ仰ǶҪ˰ɣûУ˵ûиȴҪƭ˵ʲôʦЦΪôƭ𣿡˵
ǺǣûУԵƣԺ˯Ҫ۾ţȻһСģֻҵ˶ڷˡŷҹ˵
ȥɣȻһֱ˵ȥ¾׼ҪɱԷ
һͷոͻȻо죬ӦʱѾˡ
ƥ򣬼ȻˣǾһһ׵ζɣŷҹһЦЩķ
ͻȻѾԼƺҲһƬ֮УƬƺ׵ɵġ

ŷҹȻû֮ûл񾳵һѴӱ׽ѽķôãǺôҲ̹һΡ
ʱҪѽķȫҪ޾
ŷҹһϺȣ׽Ȼһ籬ѿ
Ĳ²⣬׽ǿ֮϶Ϊ⽣ϵķ⽣Ĳ϶׵֮׽ԣԲŻ˵Ч
ʱһٰѽϵķͲ϶ȻҲ˿׵֮ľۼŷҹ΢Щ֪Ĳٿ֮ǿ׵ۣ֮һپͰ׵֮С
ֻⲻķ󣬶ֻһһֻܱôһӣȴܳס档
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׵֮һƬССĿռȫϣʱ۷ĸˣըǱ
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鲽׵֮УҲǱ״ˣŲһľʹӿˤ
ϵ۶ѾƳһڶͷ϶ðẓ́ȥǸһҪؤҲòȥ
۵һҲһѪ


434 ô
˶ˣ۷尡ȻŷҹôһѪˣŷҹʵ̫ˡ
ף˶ǰһ̾ͳȥ
ʱѾǻ״̬һıҲ׵֮òˣȥϵʧˡ
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ոһƬȻƵģǲһ˶ûС
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ڵһʱǿķټҩǿŵ׵ʱ򣬻ߡ
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ŷҹ˿ŮǾЩ죬һʱҲ벻
ǾңǶлˣŷҹæԷֵ
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435 Ƿ
ŷҹ΢΢һ㶣ֻɽ߽һݵĸˣӦþŮеʦˡ
ŷҹлǰ֮ŷҹǹ˵
ءȴ̧һȹҵĵӣڻһ飬ǷҲϣ߰ɣֻǲҪ͸¶ǵ٣ĻһʱǾֻܱˡ
ǰˡŷҹҡҡͷģȻǵ͸¶ȥǰϺδ֪ûʲôܰģ
Ѿ˵ˣûʲôģ߰ɣ֮ûκιϵˡתȥƺǲ뿴ŷҹһ
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˵ĻǣŷҹûЭ˼ֻվ
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Ůֻһ徳ΪɽοѾء
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ֻǿŮһۣû˵ʲôȥʯ̨ϵϢȥˡ
Ů̾͸ŷҹɽȻûзԣǾĬˣŮʦƢǺܶġ
Բŷ磬ʦƢȻŹһЩʵǺܺõˡŮ͵
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𡭡
ŷҹҪһȥͦɽȻһǵһͷ޵ķŭˡ


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Ŷ澹Ȼ޵ģŷҹ̾һҲôð
Ҳֻ̫ڵʵǲЩ޶֣ܹһء
ŷҹ㵽ôĵطҷų𣿡ͻȻһԽεЦ
ףŷҹȵŻƶ
ʱֻȫȻѺˣòƴħ֮ûٸ˵һ仰ҲСһƻˡ
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ллŷ硣׶ԷǲԼŻ˵


437 ʯ
жԶŷҹ˲̵ľ룬ȴǰŲʵ
аʱ͵ˡĨһѺ
һƬɽǺϤģԴһŷҹʦͽ֮ʦΪ˱ѾǨ˺Զĵط
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㣡ŷҹ⽣һס࣬Ծ֮ϡ
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⼸ЩͻƣǺǣҲǸһأأոսڣİɣֻҪʦ˲̫أҶа취ΪκõġŷҹΪѾȫָҲ
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ŷҹ뵽Ѿ̧ʽջʶ֮С
һθ⸾κãǶʽʹÿҲô޶ȡ
Ǹ֮ǰһֱһҲһԼº·ڵֱ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ᲻ˣʽʯ೤ʱָܻԼҲ̫ԻҪСһЩΪá
˵⸾˶ǳˣһӸκˣҲ̫ˣҲ㹻ȵˡ
ҾȫʩΪܲһӰκãһδ֪ʱʽĹˣлָǿɾͳõˡ
ŷ磬ʦôˣŷҹվ˼ӣ̵ĵʵ
ʵѾ׼Ͼʦ̫ˣصѾֻǱһ˿ϣȥŷҹ
ʱЩԹԼʲôʦģһȥŷĻ˵ʦҲ˶κҲ˵
İɣʦѾûˡŷҹһ㶣Ӹոյ˼֮ѾһҲѾɾʱΪҲָܻ߳ˡ
ʵЩŷҹոһʶ̽ʦƣֲƺһȼյָһ֡
ĽʱŷҹԼЩˡ
ǸпЧǿ󣬶ľЩ۰
뵱Ϊ褺ķ֪Ƿ˶Żָû뵽ڸԷˣ֪ͰҲָˣֲô⣬ԭﰡ
ǵˣ˵ҲûôĺķأڿʽĴڣˣֱָȫܰ
ԽĶԽҪúõϧȻĻһؼʱûˣǿɾͲҴˡ
һ֮ʦŴӻ֮ѹһۿ࣬΢΢һ벻ʦͦһأֻϧҩҲûûľ齣ҪɣҪٵһʱˡ
ҿҲֽͲʺԣƫƫΪ˸һζȥѧϰָͲʺĽֻ׷֮ȴ֪˺ʵǷǳ֮ģԸ񣬾ֽҲﲻߵľ磬ʱʱٳһЩ״ֻԼȥŷҹ˵ЩʱҲЩģǶ⸾ЩʦĲ᲻֪ɣ
㣿һתۿŷҹ̾ŭѾͷ˭ģﻹûʦ
ôһѹҪѹ֪ңԾҪѹ𣿡ŷҹʵ
Լͽܣòôŭ壬Ϣ֮ڻȥͱҳְɱڵʵҵĶ֡
ڴҲָһЩܴﵽصΪˣԾͿҵǰС𣿡ŷҹЦ


438 ˵Ĵ
ʦŷΪʦβģŷ磬һĲ֪Ҫôźˡһ˳ܣ̾ǰȰʦ
ҵˡͻȻʶæ̽飬һ֮£ԼҲһ⡭Ѿûˣ
ǰ֪ŷҹƭ¸˼ֵŷ˵ѾѶʦҲ˴ˣЩҩ֮࣬ò˶ãʦͿԻָǰصΪˡ
ȻȻ𣿡ЩŷҹʱҲһָӣл֮ո³çˡ
ŷҹʲôΪǶԷİ˸κˣǰǲ˸ҽΣǲκˣ¶Էڹؼʱ̳ûһֱԼΪѹƣȴȥ˰
ŷҹȴȫûзʱκõģԷͼıĻȫøˣȻǴǡ
ҲˣŷҹҲ˼ֹ
ȷǹ³çġŷҹȴ˿ָԷĴ󣬡һĺӣֻϧĽҪôһḻСŮ˵Ҫ⵱ʦģûֹһζϣÿһǲ֪㵽׾ĺڣ
ŷ磬㲻Ҫ˵ʦʦҲΪҺã࿴ŷҹ˵ûˣæʦ⡣
ѾͷҪ廰һûз̾һ˵öԣҵȷǴ˽ģΪҪѾͷȥţʵûкĹ¼ûһ֮ˣ֮£ֻѡһ׾齣ֻгɣðŶء
ŷ磬ʵʦôҲΪңұŵŮʦֻɵĳϣҸױʦɱˣ֮λĴѰǵ䣬ûа취Ŷ㵽΢΢ͷԼȫ˵˳ʦǲøһģһľң⵽ʦĶҪƴңѾʦɱˣԲʦʲôҶһȥġ
ǰŷҹⷬҲֻ̾˿齣Ҳţ󣬾ǾȫɥʧĶɹʱܹ⸴ţǸŻǴǰ𣿡
һʱ
ûֻ֪ҪŴʦֵȥȴûȥ֮᲻á
ʱֻһɱ˿ħѣʲôƨľ齣һɱԼڻûɹϿ⽣жԶӶԶŷҹ˵
⡭Ҳԥˡ
ŷҹĻ֮Ҳ¶ȷǲУʱѾͷֻϣ̧ɱǵõţҲΪһаħˡ
˵齣ˣҲδؾǶŷҹ˵ԼĽ򲻹λʦ壬Ծ뵽һ׽ǴĶģ
һֱŵĽΪʦµĹ±ŻһֱûлҴɽʱ֮еõġ˵
ǻû˵꣬Լɫһӱˢס
ѵ
ΪֶôõǱĽŷҹʵ
̾һУⲻıȦ׶ѡ
ǶԷܰʦͽһ򾡵ĻȻǿò©ǶԷȻǼ˸ֵĿԡ
޷ץ˵£͹Ǵһ׿ĽȻһ̶ЩΣգǽҲһɵġ
ȵĴɵʱҲҪʮȥˡ
ڼ䣬ǿܾѾɱһŹɣΪаŽһʦֹĶ
ʱǻ԰ѵɱŵԭҲ˵Ϊаŵľ齣ɶ˼вʦ岻ѲŽסŵĴвġ
뵽˼ֱһ亹û뵽ʦֵļı˺ݶһʼһƣҪԼһ̤뵽Է
˵ãⱾ齣˺ҲвٵĴ֮ûа취߾磬һԼ߻ħˣʦҲֻ֮
Էڵӣɱаħţɾܰʦͽɱ
˵ֻ˻ȥĻλʦҲܵгϵӵֱɱǣһħŽɱ˿ħȥǿ϶õгϵһ֧֡
ʦôģ֪Ҳһʲôıָ˸λϺĽͲõ֮λɹģԼȻҲ֮УҪŷҹѣǲ롣
лŷ뵽Ѿһݶ¡
ʦҲЩˣʦΪʲôһôʧ̬
ͨ˾ͺãҲӵŷҹ
ӵľ齣ѾתޱĹ֪᲻ᡭ˵ϸһĨɬǻںԼľٶֻԼĹҲڵĽ
İɣҲǾȹҵҾͰ˰ﵽף⼸ȥһҩģһϴ鵤ȻһЩܱ齣Ҫõö࣬ʱһʺĽ϶ﵽ°빦Чŷҹһ뵽Щİ취ҪȻҲἱŰЩ˵ˡ
ϴ鵤ĵҩæȵʵ
ǺǣҲǶ棬һˣȻǲʺõģӲŸոմ徳һЩһЩˣҲûʲô˵ģĻһϴ鵤ǿǻ˴䵽֮µģҲû˭Ըáŷҹ
ǵȷǣ˵ͷ
ɲ˵ɾͳɵģѾɾ͵в֣Ϊ䵽֮£֪һܲܳɾأ˭Ըðôķȥһֹ
Ƕڵ˵ǾòˣֻҪѹˣպҲӿ٣ҸҪǣպпܵҲˣӱ˵ı֮˳ѩ޵Ҳһջ١
ŷɣʵ
ŷҹ΢΢һ£ȴҲû˵Լǽŵģʦļǵõ˲ٵϢŲһʵҲһٱǲǵġ
˵⸾ֻƼˮֻཻ֪꣬СŮҲȫˡſеɼɵֻǸĸгô򵥡
һأ̫ϳϣ
ˣҲʲôϲɣ̫ϳϻǸţҲ֪ڵûһɡ
ûУǾǸЦеĻǿܻǸ鷳˵˼һΪԼðء
ҲһɢޣõһЩټĹڵĳ̶ȡŷҹ˴
ԭŷɷѾͷΪʦڴ˵


439 
չӢȻҲʦãųӵʦʵҲûн̹ʲôֻǰѾ齣ڸѣʦŵĹأѹϳ֮󣬾нʦͽĹϵҲҪҿŷᣬΪʶĹ㣬ʦ´࣬ѾͷΪʦΣ˿˵
ŷҹתͷŸˣƺҪ뷨
˱ôһЩʣƺǱ˿Լ˽
ʦҲŷ磬һʦҲͶˡæʾ˵
ŻʸŷҹչӢɲʲôųϣҲ֮Ůڵݣֻŵͷ
£ŷҹ൱ͽܣҪŷҹһȻٽŷҹȥš
չӢҽһǰǿͱҴֶо֮ķϡŷҹ˵ҵǰˣĻݹҰֶһʣˡ
չӢҲЩڨڨһʱ
ȷģΪƾԼΪҪ̸ף
ŷҹȻԸǵҩҲκԼˣ⻹ԶԶҪİѸٰŸ
ŷҹ࣬ΪԷƵҩƺһСĶ飬չӢ뵽ŷҹΪʦˡ
ôһе鶼ؽˣû뵽һͷԵģŷҹ˼Ҳ˳ھ˵ȷǲ̫Ӧõġ
ŷ磬ʦһжҶҵΪ̫ͣȻĻҲʦҳôĿ࣡˵žЩҪˡ
һһļ£ЩٴʧѪ
ˣҲƽЩŷҹҲǵ̫಻ãӻ־ˣҵҩ֮ҰӵĹȥǻץ;
ЩҪԼȥˣǲ̫ܵģƩ飬ԼܰҲֻǰһЩ飬ȫͣǲ̫ܵġ
һʱʦͽҲٺ˼˵ֻܰŷҹ˼ˡ
ˣ֪֪һڵɣŷҹʵ
ڣչӢһ㶣ŷҹΪλôʣǽž̻شȻ֪ⷽԲ֮ΨһһɣŵʵǸͲᲢ۵ġ
ŷҹ΢΢һüڵʵһССİϣ۷壬϶иĸ֣Լڵʵڣ϶ȥ޻ˡ
ʱңȥˣһʲôô죿
ŷҹһƬǣȴûʲô취롣
Ҫȥ̽һϢźãֻţԶҲûʲô֮
Ҫôߣŷҹʵ
ѵҪڣչӢһ£ȻҲˣŷҹʵڣҲȷǴ´࣬ŵҪٹ²ſʼΪ⣬ֻڶڵӵʮ⣬ɢޣѡʱ򣬾ͻӱѣٵ£ǰɸѡ֡
Ŷôһ˵ŷҹһ
չӢһ˵ѡӵ飬Ҳͷһϲ⵹ǻ쵽ȥ̽Ϣĺð취
ڵʵֻȡˡ
ҵһҩʥ壬Ҳ׾Ͷ䲻ʱǸŷҹ׼һ£뵽ҪţӽȻ£ʱֻҪ׼ʱ褴һ֮Ȼ׽ȥҲûطȥҡ
һݣڵݿɲһɢô򵥣ǴģöԷ֪ԼҲһʮа˾žͻ˽ģʱȰһˡ
ҪһݣҸôŷҹʵ漴ֽͣһ˱չ̫ãǰɽʦ˶ȹʦҲų鲻̫˽⡣
ԭչӢҲûжɣҲǳʱ䶼ûеȥˣϢҲЩİֻǹעһЩйصĶѣŷҹ⣬Ѳ˵ֻҪĸĹүûʲô⡭
漴һ룬Ȼŷҹ˵ûʲôãŷҹһ˶ѣ϶ĸĴүҪȻҲⶼ֪
СɵĵӣҲԵݡչӢžͲ
СɵĵӡŷҹˣһɻԼĵƸˣ
ҲŷҹˣһʺˣȻ֮ϲܸЩȥһʲˣСɶϣƼɣǲԼҳ
֪ɵĹ󶼲ͬڣҪҩΪ𣬶ţ޽ǿĵӣͿԵõչӢ͵ҲһЩӣԼ֮ڽ֮ûͻƣҲû츳ȴЩҩ츳ɼܸʲô̵Ҳܴϵõʲôôͻ᱾Ϊ̬ȣƼڣڵõһŲ츳ĵӣҲ˳ڸùϵõԷһЩ
ŷҹ΢΢ͷ⵹ǷķףһжΪϣǵӵ츳ҲɽԴ
ǰһүѡǲˣȥһүݲġ
һأ˵ԣҪĻȴҲء
˭֪һС֮󣬻᲻ᱻǸɵſаڽ֮һϵ츳ټһϵˮƽ۵ĸСɣҪһš
ҪһһСɣǲῴǶԷҲû˵һƼڰһ⡣
ܲһȥ˵ΪƼҽڲģǸϿƼȥʱǵĺôô˵Ļʮ˵оŸỳԼĿİɡ
ȥԼȥΪʲôܵ϶һĶЩԡ
СƼȥģΣӳĻǸСȻҲܵһǣĿԲʣһԴҪջȥɡ
չӢ㲻ҪҰǶҿ԰㣬֮Ҫҽڣôŷҹʡ
ʲôչӢ⻰û˵ϡ
ô㲻Ը⣿ŷҹһüͷΪԷǹ˼ݲԼأұҰɣ
˵ȫԸ⣬û⡣չӢæͷҡø˹һһͨ㣬Ȼɻ󣬡ֻǡֻͿ𣿡
ʵһֱΪŷҹ˼ȻҲĵҪϴ鵤֮ǰ˵ΪʦҲŷҹһЩ˼˼
ڶԷҪ󣬾Ȼ˼򵥣򵥵޷ȥܾ
Ƽһӣ¶ǸɶܻûгɹҲǸ֮ĺչӢ˵ǾܵûԼţı˰


440 ǰ
ллŷ硣ŷ϶ǿԼֲıʦƣԲŻô˵ġ
ʵĽߡ
㲻лңֻһסŷҹ̹Ȼպ£ҲḶһЩ۵ġ
ʲôֻۣҪܶţҶԸ⡣˵
齣ͬˣȻʱҲΪ˾齣ԼĿƣ룬Ҳûа취ģŷ粻ڵĻܻȥԺôԺˡ
չӢ仰΢΢һ£Ҳֻһ
ƼӹȥӾ͸ɹϵˣǸСԼҪһӰѶԷڸ⵹Żûһɵĸӵġ
Ծӳʲô⣬һҲ̫ǣƼɡ
ģֻҪǶţ϶Ϊ¡չӢҲͷ
ŷҹǳ£ܳ飬ʱҲܰŸŪû˰ɡֻҪסһޣǾûκˡ
ǾͺãŷҹҲصͷڸ˵һ£ǸϣΪóĶʲôЩ֣
ʱⲻһս˭ĵλ˭ԼУǺҪġ
һ֮£ŷҹҲ˽һЩ
Ȼʱ͵ϮΪߵϾͷȫ£ȥ֣ʱչӢȴࡣ
νħ͵ϮһӣϺµı
ηԼı¶ȻҪչӢնɱչӢȻΪǺΣٶȴǿ˲١
ȻǱԷʩһˣƴһܳȥˣֻû뵽Լõһ齣Ҳһı
ʱξչ˶ʦͽ׷ɱ˵ףЩΪǺһΪĳҲû̫ĹϵҶǱɱ˶ѡ
ĳϿ࣬ȻǰŵŮ裬Դʼգζûзɹʦͽİ׷Ϊ˸ͻȻ֮
ΪأھһЩӦþǴﵽ۷壬ֻҪ꣬ԸӦǴ´ˡŷҹļ룬չӢȻ֮ϣ
ǰȻﲻ˵Ҳ֪ƾһˣԼһ֮ҪѩޣǼǲܵġ
ൽ»ûнɽţͻᱻβµָɱˡ
ϣľ齣֮䱻ϳǺҲٱ¶ͲǸλϿء
ʱǳϲǺεİףҲվԼһߣϾʦɵľ齣ǿҪɱġ
ʱ𣿡ŷҹЦЦʱ䣬ʲôѾˣȰӵľ齣ܵĻǾ͸ŵͽ֮ǰȥʱǲ˷ѵġ
չӢȻҪԽԽãǼ궼Ѿˣֺٵꡣ
ŷҹڵΪȥԸΣҲܵģٰŷҹҲϣﲻĿģǿɾǹһˡ
㲻ÿҵΪûаյĻ֮Ҳǲܰ㣬ΪʱٵΪ𣿡ŷҹʵ
չӢҲĬȻȻҲ֪ŷҹΪֻһһӵĻ˵꣬ʮ֮Ҳδؾܸһϸ¡
ο֮µһˣҲűɱ֮˳ִŵԭһˣôһǸŷҹʮʱ䣬ŷҹҲͻͽɺҲȫԭ̤ǰİ
ٵ֮󣬺Ѿ˻أ
ĻŷҹʮͣҲܸǱˡ
ոһ˿ϣֱθˡ
ǰûϸЩֻһҪѺɱˣʦֱŵĽӰˣִšǴûҪʵһĿ꣬ҪҪʲôʵ
һ·ֻǿһѣ֮⣬ƺҲûʲô֧ȥˡ
ŷҹϣ֮Ǹȥһϸڵʱȴֱַһɵһ
˵ֻŷҹһˣչӢԼҲָԭΪҲδؾܰѺô
ǺǣڵΪȻ̫ߣǸ۷սĻҲ̫࣬ʵԻָһЩĻֻҪಫһⲻġŷҹ˵
ʲôչӢԼû
ܸ۷ս̫࣬˵仰Ĳǿû߶ǿ϶ԼʵŷҹȻǺߡ
ŷʵǿأҲһ߶ͣŷסΧ޶Զŷػţǿɶڵء
һ˵չӢ͸Ӿˣڵ޸ԼػסŷҹڵʵҲ̫ˣܸػǶҲԶһѣôᷴػأ
һЩӡԼЩޣĻշЩġ
ҿ˵ģɲֻһֻкܶ඼͸ˡ
ŷҹûȥչӢľȣҲûȥ͸¶ԼڵʵΪ̾ȥ׼ϴ鵤ˡ
ϴ鵤ҩ㲻ɽҲвҩģŷҹƺҲǿģȥңûзѶ鷳
֮ϴ鵤Ƴɹŷҹⵤҩݵǰ֮ŻЩʹ࣬Ҳᱻһĳ̶ȣǴӴ֮Ϳ¿ʼҲܾ齣Ŀˡ
ţ֪ŷ硣ûԥӹҩ֮һھȥ
ҩЧǻķõģĶͷϲһͿʼðٽɫǺ֮ڸͬһ
ܲסһѪһЩҩǲˡ
һŷҹĿ⣬̾ҧأ֧ȥ
ŷҹûбҪƭľ齣ֻ·һȲȥױ𣬾Ѿھ齣ķ֮ˡ
ĻᣬܿΨһĻᣬܴ
ʹʱҲûһʱŷҹ΢΢̽һ룬ƽĲʡ
ܺãһεϴ鵤÷ӵ÷ǳףǰԭĹ൱һηëϴ裬պмĺôŷҹЦ
ʱѾûȥӦѾ˯ȥˡ
ŷҹת߳ɽȥԼϢ
˭һӾ͵Ϣ죬֮󣬵һ۾ʱͻȻоԵشӯҲûдǰʱ̶װѧصİһĶ
оʦչӢ˵
ŷһҩţֵҩƳҿǵҩƷʣֻѾ˵ؼҩľˣȥڣҲе˲ţһСġչӢǿǿŵҩģʱп
׼ôˣŷҹʵ
׼չӢɻؿŷҹ


441 ɽǰ
Ȼȥˡŷҹ
ھ͡ȥ𣿡չӢһ¶
ôõ飬һҪʵˣЩ־һ
ﵽŵĻҪ·ĻҪõʱ䣿ŷҹʵ
ҪһˡչӢףǿģΪʲôƫƫҪѡ·
ţǴ˳ҪúӦһڵ״һ·߹ȥ·϶ĥһ¡ŷҹ
⵹ǲչӢҲ취΢һ֮ȴǿֻ࣬ѾͷĹһûоҵĹĻʲôĳɾ͡
ȻʦҲ֮飬ԭʦʱ໹Сûпʼأ֮ʽչӢΪʦ
չӢûʲôõóֵĹ̸ܽģҲһ⡣
⵹ʲô⣬һ״ƽͦʺֻǽĻĹͺˣطҪʲô湦ŷҹ˵
𣿡չӢЩġ
ʽȻԷֿһ֮ڵĹͽŵĹ߶ŷҹĽ¾ʲôͻûУһ⣬͵Ҫٳһϴ鵤ˡ
صģģ϶֤ġŷҹ֤
ллŷ磬һúġʱҲǰ˺ܶࡣ
ûо齣ãСŮ˼ȻͱȽ϶ǿŷҹ㰮Ҳһ˿˿
ҲףԼֻһԸˣΪŷҹ̫
ʱỳɣԼǲǲÿÿ·ʱЩ˵ĿȴָʵǺܺÿģٺܶ˶ϲ
ŷҹΪʲôûиоأ
Ȼûܸ𰸣չӢҲһЩͷҲûȥ˵ơ
ǰʱչӢЩųŷҹһ𣬵Ҳ֪ŷҹһֻ⣬ŷҹҲһͬɡ
רĿţ㽣ŷҹʱǰһ˵ߵġ
ƽǽŵĽȻֻ˽УŷҹҲ̫˶ȥѧ
࣬ҲֻһʱļϲѾͷҲʮʺѧģֻķ˵ŮҲٽһء
ţŷ磬һѧġر֤š
İʱ䣬ǾһһǰС
ŷҹҲû뵽չӢϲǣٶǿˣֻ£Ȼ˴徳ıԵҲ֮ǰϴ鵤ãǱʳֵط˳
һ֮ǰ齣˺ˣȴøһ
ƽȻղ˾裬ŵĹҲõˮһ㣬ÿһնǴŶصϣȥĺűԼĽһġ
ӣΪѾ˱ԵҪͻƵĻҿ԰һЩҩʱͻƾ͸ˡŷҹ
ʵϣֵҩŷҹУֻŷҹԼҲԥ˵õΪȻǺõģ֮ǰ̫ˣȻҲǺ³ģǱϾҲһš
ʱõҩӿٶȣǻ᲻һЩϰԺΪӰ죿
ǲҪŷ磬һǼȽס൹Ҳûбֵر𼤶ʦ˵̫죬ΪҲû̫ĺô
ţŷҹͷ
Լʶһ㣬Ȼõġ
ʵϣ֮˵ҲΪ֪ԼΪǴ۷壬ڽҪ鲢û̫Ӱ죬һŸʲôͨһӾܰɱˣֻܿŷҹʦС
£ҲͲǰһäĿ׷ͻƣֶȥаŵĹһΣһΣȻҪӳˡ
ŷ磬ǾͿҪˣǡԥһ£һǲ֪ǾȥɽܰѺɱҵ𣿡
ʱֻȥ˵ȥδؾһҪǸξһսŷҹЦЦȻչӢҲɻ⣬Ծ˵ˣǺμȻʩչıȻõϵ֧֣ʱֻҪʦ˳ؽţʱһоȻ˵Ų˶Ǻεͬ
ε¶ˣŻѰǵɣһ·׷ɱǣǳҲ඼֪Ŀŵ˵ɷͨʹ¶û֮ˡչӢ˵
߰ɣǾҪˣչӢҲõòˣЩպЩҩɣŷҹ˵
ǣѾлŷˣչӢҲǹ
Ѿ϶ԼһˣھȻܰƺͶѾ֮ˡ
ܸоҲǻָһЩģ֪ΪŷҹʱʽʯãҲֻΪŷҹҩһֵЧ
ָܻĶǼĶҲչӢŷҹԭ򣬿Ϊһİˣôҩһ˶ġ
ʵϣƾŷҹѾ㹻ǾһˣһĴۿɲʲô֮ͣǿǺķ˲֪ʲôĵر֮ҩء
֮ɽ£һɽǰ
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İɣǰ治һЩһغʹ徳ĵӣԸǣʵ̫ˡŷҹһЦ
˵һĳȥ
˼ǰԶԶͿɽмػš
ﻹԶɽŵλãǰСɣҲɽ²ЩֿšԴűɱ֮ŮһչӢҲʧ֮žͼǿ˲ãɽҲ˵ӿء
ȻڸֶԣɽЩöǰһܹܵɵӡ
λãлɵķһʿҪ룬治ʲô׵顣
ҲǵŷҹΪǻɵķҲô׾ͱƣǳˣҲд󶯾Ҳ֪ŷҹҪ
վסʲôˣ
ȻСɣƽҲϵʱһİ˽ӽɽ̾ͺֹ
֮Ů࣬Ϊ׷ɱ⣬Ҫɽȥͨһ°ɡǰһ˵ȻһָԱߵչӢλųչӢҲҵʦȥڵͨɣ
ʲôǵԾһ¡
뿪ʱͻСڵȻ˲Сı仯ŵĳϵȻһ۾ܿȷǸˣЩӵĻ϶д󲿷ֲʶˡ
һͷһصӣͻȻһĨЦ⣬һðǰ֮Ůߣɱ⣡
ЩӱЩɻ󣬵һͷ˵̷׷װγ
ǡ֪ôɽģǿ龰ﻹһ


442 ССı
ɽϵСĳ϶ǳҪɽҲˡ
ɱͷĵҲ˵һ־ͳȥ
ڰײֵļһȥɣչӢһŭҪ֡
ҲصΪȫָҪֵĻȻܰЩӺɨ
Ҳй˼ɣɱ̫޹ӣǵʱܰѺνҴҲô˰ɣ
Һն񣬿ⱾıԼЩɱʱ͸Ӵ·磡ǲɱЩˣϲɽȥЩ֪εĿ
һʱչӢȻԥεɽ龰ڵһȻܵһѵϰ
ɣһĴ
ģһεĽ
⽣ɱʱӰΣֻһʮѾ׷׵أÿ˵Ĳ϶һѪۣûһվġ
ÿĽչӢҲصĸ֣˿εĽһɱ
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ߵʶ֮൱ͨ˵۾۾ʶ֮оǱ۾Ϲ˻Ҫӿ¡
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ֻɱЩˣȴЩпˣδã
ٿˣϰɣֻҪ赲ߣŷҹ飬һеˡ
չӢҲʲôѶϵˣҲһģ೯ɽϳȥ
˴ɽţ
·ĵȻŷҹȫ𣬵ǵɽʱ򣬻Ǳ˷ֲҼʱطźţڸϮĳϵӶۼ
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⽣ȻΣƿҲǽնɱȥƺҲʱ޿̶һˢˢĽ
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ħͷ˾ֵؽţѾֹĳĥҪ裬Ⱦɽ
صĵӣѾֻһصΪˣصĶڣȻסֹƣʵ̫ˡ
˵ˣһĶûܵʲô׷ɱЩͼסʦ˽Ųģٲ֮⣬Ѿزˡ
ʼûʲôǺܿע⣬Ǹ˶ѡ
飬ǽȥŰɣԼΪ̫ͣǵסԷȥҲ
˵ΪѪսǵҲ˵ùȥǵ˭Ҳôɵ
ʲôɱҵӣɽţΪôһߣ뷢ŵؿգ·˺ȵ
³ϣչӢɻϵңչӢ̧ͷǸİ۳ϡ
չӢ³һ㶣žϳ˶Է㣬⡭㲻ǰѾ𣿡
ߣǺεȻΪˣ׷ɱ֮ãѾҴĿչӢŭ˵
ʲô˵Ǻ׷ɱ㣿ôܣ³Щ˼ص
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ǲô˵չӢҲŵĳϣ˵ǰѾˣȴֳ֣Ҳ֪ʲôء
¶Ȼεйأ͸֮ܵˡ
³ϴɽȥһֱɵӳϵľۼ֮ء
չӢмλѾһ۾ϳ
ңչӢǰ˲նɱжλټһ棬ĿľΪ˽¶εУչӢ˵
һɺԣվȫУһϵˣŭչӢķ򣬡չӢɱҵʮˣȻڿ˵УһͣǽҪ㴦ɼҲѷŭ
չӢɱʮˣʲôΪ֮ҲΪȷҪһһλҲ˵
ߣת𣿡չӢҲ֪¶˵Ǿûл˵ˣҲٹЩ㵱ɱţñҷ֤ݣҪӺҸ࣬Ҳѣ׷ɱ֮ˣ㻹ȿôһɣ
Цʦħ˴Ҷ֪ģôھȻԵҵͷ𣿡ŭЦ
Ϊζҿ׷ɱչӢҲЦ޷ǾΪ֪ܣ֮졣
޻̸֮ʲôʱ׷ɱ㣿ɫȻȫ̷ϵ
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ôˣչӢʵ
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齣³ҲȵչӢ͵˾齣
齣ȷǲ͵ģڼ񵽡չӢ͵
Ц͵ߣǾ齣ô棬񵽣㵱˶ɵôν˵ħǻڣҲҪʦţɱʮӣֻˡ
ΡչӢ˵ЦЦذǿӰʯУӰʯɲ׷ɱҵһΣһǿıĳҪ𣿡
εһŭһӰʯΪƾ֤ʲô𣿵㣬ɱӣ߾齣ŵ飬Ϊƾ㼸Ʊ磬𣿡
ֻôҿˣչӢ˵ž׼Ӱʯ
ֱصڣ¼һܰһʱ֮ڵӰУֻҪչֳ
ӰŸոһӰӣͻȻ˴һħͷವһչӢ
չӢ֮£æ㣬ȴԷһץӰʯ˲ɷĩȻٴһչӢ
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һεĽ̴͵Ϯ֮˵ļ򣬽ţһͦεӰڳڡ
ʲôˣ϶Ǵȵ
ʲô˲ҪΪʲôһΪʲôҪչӢ֤ݸٵŷҹЦЦһýָסǸɱչӢˡ
ΪҰ֤չʾչӢҲؿ˺һۣž׼ɣ
ߣЩħˣɽɱֵܣڻţֻһѵѣǸɱչӢĵ˵
ʵûʲôӰʯ֤ݣոյһӰʯֻ̽ġչӢЦҾ֪϶ẦԼıй¶һһа취ٵ֤ݣȻǳס


443 ׼õĵ
㡭δʱҲ֪ԼǴˣû뵽һʱССļıѵƾһȥ͵Ϯ㣬֤ɱʦֵ֣˵֤ףҪֵ˵ȥԼɣ
ȻֻЩһ֤ݡչӢЦ
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ڴҲЩˣȻոպ˵ɱչӢΪûйϵǵҲ˵ֻ߶ԷɱԼֵܣ˵Щ̫ǣǿˡ
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Ҫ϶ǶˣҲ̫һЩҲ뿴չӢﻹʲô֤ݡ
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Σ㻹û˵ʲôͼŷԣѵô𣿡չӢʵ
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չӢѾͷɽĿĲǺ
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ǲȻǿ֤ġһ仰ȥָΣȥ֤ԼݣȻСһЩȴǵú³Ϻˣ˰̣һΪҩõúг³ϸ첲һС˺ۣǵɽ綾֮ߵҧ³ϸϵҧ˳³ϵĸ첲ϣ˰ʱ䣬Ű߶Щ飬ʦҲ֪飬Ӧ֮ܰɣ
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ȷɣ³˵
Ǹû뵽˵Ļֻ仰͸ƽҲǣѾͷСܵ˼ϵĳ谮ЩϲСѾͷֻϧ׻ǵ·
ߣֻƾ仰֤˵ɱ˿ֻߵ˱Ҳδ֪С£֤ݡ˵
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ȻʲôǿӲӣҲ֪һͿҲ̧ͷױǲܵˡ
˵ЩҲۣһ۾ܿ˾齣Цһڼ˴ɱǵԲ᲻֪ʦϽĹ֮һо齣ϵϢǾ齣Ϣ֮Ůȥ齣𣿡
ȻᡣһͷҲû齣
ǻѻŷ˵ˣΪ壬Ϊ˸ױһҪô˵
𣿡θЦˡ
⼸ȻζͼץסɱǶʧܸգҲȫûջõ鱨Уȷ˾齣ϾͲµļı׼õĵƣõˡ
һߣֻһֹչӢȻûлˣչӢԸԻ齣ÿʵͼѩޡ
õ˾齣Ϣ֮Ѿһ룬ǻصɣҲаնԷʲô
ڵȻֻҪ֤Ѿͷ齣ƽͻ»бˡ
ȻŵĻһԼĽô˵ţȴؿŷҹһۡ
ԼĽǽãŷҹ˺ü飬ҲԼõĶƤëҲ㲻ϣڷҪ˵ԼģЩ졣
ߣǾΪΣû齣ɡ̤ǰһ
һ̤ǰһģһˣŷҹ
ţ֮𣬻۷Ϊȥ̽һСѾͷΪֻһͰɱ˰ɣŷҹЦ
㵱ΣȻԼΪֻĹͽֻҪǾ齣λһ۾ܿóε
˵ûֻҪһ۾ܿóԼˣһ½ҲһóֺαطҪ֣ŷҹʡ
ߣǾԼɣҵҪˣʲôҲ޾塣
ֻҪԷֻˣУ齣Ĺǲزסġ
Σ㵱꺦Ҹף֮λҪɱҸʦȻʵãҲҪλΪֹ
࿴ŷҹʾ⣬˵仰̾һ˳Уƽʩչ
׽Ȼ㲻СɣǿڴҵѾޱȾˣΪϵŵĹƫƫûмһ˾ĽԸո˵ģԼĽҲһˡ
ŰԼһ˾ĽܿɹǣԼɵĹϵҲ޷һ㡣
ôС;ܲԼĽҪŵʲô̶Ȱ
˵֮ǰΪҪɣٶȡʲôĻͷҲҪˡ
Ľ츳һʲôɣ˳صõӵʱգһ̳
齣о齣Ӱӣ
ڳһʱ˺ΣλŵȷЩ
ƽʱΪȵһˣȴһСѾͷǰʧ̬ҪѶԷƷڸԷ˵˾齣϶ʲôġ
Σô˵ͣ½УŶԷһָ
˵ʲô̾һҲֻǱչӢ°꣬ƭֻ꣬һֱΪѾˣԲŻỳݣѵ㲻ʦĿ𣿡
Ǻǣǳ𣿡ŷҹЦʵ
ǵĻ͸֪ĳչӢңβɫ˵չӢĺ겻͵˾齣ǳҲע⣬°ߣΪѾȻǺ飬ȻԻصңʵҲֲϾ껹ССá
Ǻǣµ㶼𣿡ŷҹҲӲһӣ̾ͳ˼Ǽʶ
һϵļˣɫ䣬ⲻɽļôһ𶼱׽ˣǻ׽
˵˭ĶðģȻٶȣ


444 аŵķ
ǡ³һ⼸ˣɻһӣʱѼϵĺڲ£ţŵ״ӣ
ʱĻôƱ磬ֻǰĿ΢΢źοȥ
⼸ȥɽȴ֪ΪʲôܣȴҲţֱ˵
⼸ͼɱҺʦô˵̷ʵ
ǾҪԼʲôӦñ׷ɱˡε˵ҵȷԸǣһչӢضɱ⣬Ϊ֪߾齣ѾǱʦ棬ˣȻҪŻˣֻͽܣԲŻᱻһ׷ɱɡ
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չӢҲٱ粵ǴӴٴóһӰʯӰʯУǺεıʦ֮󣬸ıҪһ֤ݣҵҪ㻹ʲô˵
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Ҫ˵Ӱʯ֤ݣʹźܴģŶԷ֤ݣɽ±׷ɱô꣬ͼɽЩϰ
ʵչӢγ룬о綾صˣʱʦͽǰʮа˾Żûϵɽ֮ǰѾʬ塣
ڣΪѾָˣŷҹҲô˳ߵ
һʱˣκˣ˭֪ЩһǺεͬ
ûߣǻˣҲС³ԲŻһֱڵȣԼʲôʱܰһ֣ҲʱٻصĸֻعʱҲһЩܵıˡ
ӰʯһȻѸٳ֣Ǻθı龰Ӱʯ
ϣ벻黹һݣ³ͻȻĿתϡ
ҡ֧֧ᣬҲû˵һȻˡ
ϣˣǾΣιһЦŵȷɱЩҴ֮µţһ㲻ȴǰǿһ㲻ƫƫŶңȻһж˵ˣҲٺò³ϵӣԸҵľվһԸҵģվһȥҵҪţ˭˵㣡
⻰һ˵֮Ҳڲٳ飬͵˺εߡ
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չӢʱҲ˼תǰֻǵܲЩԼ࣬ڿŵɵؽˣôȥεѳɣͲķˡ
ڵãûбɣǰѼϳҲѵ֮С˳˺ΣȻǿԱסԼʦҲûʲô
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λϣǶԲסǣǣҸƴһսл߰ɡҲһԵŮ¾
ӰһѾźηѡ
徳ȻҪս۷壬ʵ̫Բˡ
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̫ļˣŷҹǺһЦҲûмȥ֣һֵˣԱ߶ۿ
ҲûܹΣڶԷôĵӸ֣Ŀô׾ͿŵȥЩ˲ͳ˰
ת֮䣬ѾЩӿĵӸûȥڴƽʤɣǵڶ࣬Ҳܹǿд磬Ŀǰûĸܹɱ
ǶԷϾҲŲӣֻغ֮ѾоѹһɹˮԽԽ࣬Ҫѹһ

౾һ嶯ŭŮǽеһѹܵһǱˣ۷ϢǣֻѾθһ̨׻࣬ڳš
䡭
ֻԼһǽһ޾Ͱ˵Ҳ˲͸űƯ
ǡ඼Լ۾ˡ
ܹˣô˵ԼѾˣ
ոŷ绹Լ˵ҪҪõҩû뵽ôһս֮УûзõҩҲһͻˣ
Ϊ֮ĳ̶ȸǲɸǰȣ˽⣬ڸֽǶȺͷ϶ţҪһ嵽εĸǰȥһս
ӻɣ㻹ǵĶ֣ŷҹյĿѾﵽ̾˻ء
౾һǻѪҪƴŷҹһ仰̾ͷӦҲսɵŷҹߡ
ΪѾﵽˣǸαȣ㻹ԶˣͽɣŷҹЦ˵
ÿСӣҵҪжͣһЦһصʵлҵ𣿡
ҺαҪҲҪΪЩҪ㣬ֻΪ֪Ϊ߶ѣˣһ˸ŵšŷҹЦ
ǺǣѣҶñҪȻҲŵˡҲЦ˵ֻҪʧˣԶҲһ죬Ϊҵǰ档
ʲô㲻ҪˣɽǼʮˣôµģŷҹǺһЦҲһȥġ
ŷҹ˵ǰһָָͺħһžһƬĵӵȥ
Щ˿ȥҲ˶ΪǵɫģǾǱԱ߶ҵؽкҲһӦҲûУ͸һģһ

аţ
ﶼһƬȣ


445 ֮λø
˭վһߵģŷҹ˿Щ˵ľȣֻǵһЦЩΧƺǰĳϵʵ
ЩӶ˭Ҳ֪Ҫô˵
֮վںߣһΪʱ򣬺ξţǵ˺ΣǾţһ棬ŷҹ˵Ҳ֪εΪߵģֻվһߣȫġ
һ֪ǰʧ٣ڲŻһǰ֮ŮòҲûʲôǰ;
ٿڵأԷһˣָֻͷѾǴƬ˵ˣôһԼɣ
ǲѡǺðɣҲֻΪѣٶһˡŷҹ˵һָ֣һˡ

ΪȽϸߵһЩϣҲķһЩ֮Ȼ󻺻ȥЩΪĵӣֱӾ͵ȥһϢûз
ѧһЩħб¾ҹаɣҲˡ
ԷЩֶΣȫ֪ôõģֻħȥˣܸܲߵǣʵҲ֪Էôİɡ
Ǻǣ𣿲ҵҪлҵ𣿡ŷҹЦ˵
³϶ǹŹֵɫҪ˵ŷҹǰģŷҹ˵ַҲȷǹ죬ȥħˣҲаˡ
˵ɱĿɶŵĵӣȻ˵ԼΪУǶ붼ΪΣֻҪɱˣһⶼɱôŵӣҲ۰
ǲ˵ʲôΪϾǶģܲҪŷҹ֣ȻЩ˰ԼϼһСѾͷɱҲܰɡ
εҲһһףո˵ŷҹĻԷһֲط˻ƫƫûʲôܷأֶ̫죬ʲôΪǿƵˣȴһСˡ
Ա߶ĵҲڿźεľٶڣλŻʲôҲĻôΪһԼסȥƴ
¾ʮĵصﵽҲɫźվվЩ˶ӡ
Ǻǣôǻλž𣿸ǣûʲôϣˣûпڶҸһս𣿡ŷҹ˵ڵȣҲоҵ㣬ôְɱģǵо֮󣬿Ҳò˰ɣ
ŷҹ⼸仰ǳصĴʱ˶ҡ
ҪŷҹģؼǺȷһǲòŷҹһָָĸ򰡡
һָʮûˣȻָܹ࣬µģ
֪Լٲ־ĴȥӣҲٹȥ۲ŷҹֱһӰŷҹȥ
۷кܴĳ̶Ȼ鲽һȥû̫ãʵӦڷ֮ϣٶȴǴˡ
һӴɱڳκһˣֻǶҪһˡ
ǿϧԵŷҹŷҹôĻѾˡ

ŷҹƲҲǿܵģʵĲ̫󣬵ŲܵĻԵֵԷĺС
ʵϵĲ࣬òһЩֱӰ˳
һ˸֮䣬ǰ̾ͲӰҲǾḻ֮˲ͷűȥ
ŷҹȻվı󣬶һΣ˸ľԶһΣǺζû뵽ŷҹ̶ֳȵ顣
СӣõǺܿ죬νĲҽ𣿡ȻһУҲǶ
ȷǼɵŷҹı£ǿԼ֣ûóѾжϣŷҹֱ£Ӧƣֻ˵ǣԼΪߣѾ𲻵ʲôãԲŻֻܡ
ԭţŷҹħûʲôЧˣȻҲͲٵʲô
ڳĳһϣŰգܴ֮ȫˣĻǶɱҲûܡ
Ǻǣעɣŷҹѵ
ϻ˵ο۷Ϊʶ֮ҲȥʲôĶ᲻֪
ǲ仰˵꣬ͻȻʶ֮дһδ֪Ķˢһ£ʹļ
һÿ죬üʱĻ֪᲻һ첲ء
ô㻹Ƿϻ𣿡ŷҹЦøԶˡ
Ѿ۷Ӵ֪ԷʵҪǿӲĻ϶ǶԷĶ֣ȻԹһοôһδݣ
⽣÷ɽݵģѾ¼һ£ѾҪɽ
֮ǰɽָʱҲһŷϢ
ŷãе˵Ϊһá
⽣ӰǺ⽣żвȴв̫ˣΪⱾϢҲ̫ǿң߾ǿʶ֮ҲܸӦϢӶӦԣԺ⽣Ҫǰһεİǲˡ
ǼһϢͲͬˣϢϢڸסˣ͸һ˿Ҳֻе˽ܱ֣֮һú⽣ǽͿ֪ˡ
ҲŷҹһԸߣ⽣¼֮ٶҲûдﵽޣȻոһ£ֻ´̴ľͲǺεļ򣬶ˡ
ѸٵָѪֹס֮Ŀٴοŷҹ
ʱѾûаС֮ˣƾֹɱ˼ɣиոҲֲ˵ķɽΪһУһСľͻΪԷ꣬ɲٴˡ
ΪʲôһҪŵ飬ѵǸѾͷģչӢǸ˴Ӧ˸ʲô꣬ҿԼӱ㣬Ȼааؿһۣ㿴еֻѾͷòĻֻҪ֣ҿ԰Ѿͷ͸㣬⻹ԸʮɫˣԲѾͷҸǴ֮ˣԺŵִϣ֮£ŵһˣҶŶȻⷽԲǧһɡ
Ǻǣ˵ЩҲǺˡŷҹͷò˵ԷǺܻŵģ˶ʧȥֿһŮȨںοŷҹ˿Ϊͷ϶ǶԷһЩʲôǶ˵Ůӵ֮⣬òҲòʲôĶˣԲŻдһ˵ֻϧҪĶЩ㻹ǿսɣһбҪ
ŷҹȻбҪҪȥѡŵӵġ
εûдҲ벻ŷҹеǡǡò˵֮УֻҪһȥڵƼ
öԷ֪˵Ļ϶ѪģΪһƼսֵ
ŷҹһˣ壬ֻ治ļһòﻹмģǲһûˡ
㡭ôҲ벻ֵ˼޵ܴ򶯶Է
ת룬һﲻҪȢ֮ԼŰɣ
Ұ֮λø㡣žѾѿڶֻҪְЩ˶ɱ˾ͺãɣ


446 ַӸ㶨
ŷҹһһǹ±ǮģȻʮа˾ŶǼٵģ˵ҲһļƵļһ
Ȼϵ־Ͷ˼ȥ
ŷҹѾķǰʵ˵ȼٱ֮ǰֶҲˡ
ֻ൱þһͨ㹻ˣں˵ȴԶԶ
ԷֻԻӽѾ⼸նøɸɾ
ȻˣҾֻ㿴ʵĪҪΪľ޵ˡ˵Žһһ̹âȻгһѱ
ΪΪУͨ嶼͸һϢ
ŷҹóѽĽʵҲɵģǲ֪ʲô񣬾Ȼ˵ĺý֮⣬һصļԲųڵӡ
չӢʱҲȵ
㾹ȻѾ񽣣³ϸǲš
ôӦ֪ұ֮ǰ˵֪Ҫɹ˶ٱξ£Ҳֻпʦɹ񽣣ȴǱҼɹˣ˵Ҳʸ̳ţǾûʸ񣡡
չӢĬ³ҲĬˡ
εĻȻ˵ҲǴΪֻпʦųɹѽɹˣ֮һֱֻһɽ֮ûٵõѽϿɹںξȻԣѵ˵ʦϿɵѡ
ôһѵһжǶԵģ
ɱǰţԼλо϶ǲܵõԭµģǰһУô˵أ
벻һɹܰǾȳӡЩųϣŷҹҲʵǲ֪˵Щʲôˣһѽѣͼˣʲô˵ģ벻ˣѽùҷַӼ㿴ǲ˵ұʺϵŵţ
ŷǿʦ֮Դӿûг˿ʦ֮⣬ܼɹģԡչӢʱЩìˣ֪ǲڸһЦ
ȴЦǺǣСӲ֪ߵغѽǿʦֻѡܼ
ٴţŷҹƲƲ˵ոҿ˼ˣ˵ѽǿʦ֮⣬û˼ɹǲǣ
Ҳ΢΢Щ⡣
ںĵҲҵһЩ֧ȥ
ǿʦ֮ĵڶҲûмɹˣŷҹʡ
ǵȻȻ˵
ǺǣҵǲˣǿʦҲǾž޵ﶼûҵһԼˣܼ̳˼˵ǵĿʦʵǰ֮λһԼǺѡ𣿡ŷҹʡ
⡭һʱ
ǺǣҲòܰɣҾ͸ףʦѡһ޷ȥţǼѽ֮󣬾ŵѡ˵ôģŷҹǺǵЦţҾͲţһ۹ǿʦ۹á
Ҳǵʦԭ򣬵ǲô˵ⶼǧ괫Ĵͳŵӣ֪һ˵ĵģûа취ŷҹȥ粵ֻðŹˡ
ҲãӹҵǿԼ㿴Ҳ㿴ôַӰ⽣ɹģŷҹЦ棬˿Ϊһ¶
Σɸң³Ҳȥ
ʱҲŷҹ˵ЩȻЩ˵ģȴ˵òһеʵҲһЩķѣֻΪʦùԲŻ۴
ŷҹȥʮаգĶڼĲҲ˵׼
ųܸ˼βм˵
˵㻹ǲңŷҹ
ûõģҲܰȥҵģҲҵģб£ðɣ˵ЩЦЦ
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һѣҾ㿴ʲô񽣣ŷҹ˵ѾһѶϽ
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ಡ
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˿ŷҹѾܹӦʽʯܶˣ˵ؽˡ
ҲһѺýҲֻһѺýѡ
ýŵƷԭѽҲǿǿýģ뽣ͨĳ̶ȻҪԶһѽҲǱɺɱһţΪٵɣɲһֶء
һոյýĵĽؽԿǼֱǿЦˡ
ı֮ŷҹ֮£ȻѹȵҪȥһ
ô£³Ѿ뵽ǾȣȴûŷҹȻ͵Ϣѹơ
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Ҳȫ·磬ĽУŷҹѹε飬Ϊȴŷҹǿöడ
°ʵȫӳģƴԼıȶԷһҲҪŷҹѶϽ
ѶϽ˵Ҳǿۺ죬ҪŷҹɱˣһѶϽҲҪˡ
ԭΪʦѾĽˣҲûмģһΣȴоŷҹĳѹƣǼֱ̧ͷѹư
⻹ֻһѶϽѽܲȫĻ֪ʲô̶ȣ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
ɱλӽŷҹɱóӰóֵƺҪŷҹС
ŷҹҲսһԷݺᣬЩʩչʱ̾һ˱ĵطͬʱ⽣ˢˢˢˢǼ͵Ϯ
һŪҲһæңһζŷҹչ
ǱŷҹǿʵȴѹԵģŷҹԼصΪ֮ټⲻԷӲֻƾؽͺ⽣ѹƣںεսȦ֮⣬һʱҪǲܡ
ǶԷȴǼζЩŷҹĵһں⽣֮¡
Ǽ׼ҪҸӲƴ𣿶ϰţŷҹһ·𾢵ʵ


447 ʱȡͻ
³ϵ˶һΣոһӣǻûзӦڲǸֶԾӦǵôŷҹаֵģ
ɱȷӦĵǺΣҲǸողôͱŷҹĵˣ
Ӧ˶ŷҹһ˵
ЩӻûпʼأŷҹһοˣЩӶҪ˭˭֮λǰϵûУڲվı߶зգԭزΪǶˣ϶̾ȵˡ
ŷҹ⻰вв̾ЧҪȥĵӣȻոǹһĻ׷׶ͣҲǰһˡ
ǸװŷҹȻвˣǶ֣Լô죿Ҳв³ǣ
Եǿԣǻ᲻˵ˣûŷҹı£һָͷ͵ǼϣҪԵĻ֮ǰҲͰǰôϢˣû˸ҷΪҲЩ¶
˵׻ʵУŷҹʱǿɲʵеĸоȫ͸Էʲô·
³һӿϣЩɲʲôСĽɫһ֮󣬴ҸվλȻźμѹȥ
Щϸ֮ˣЩӣǱǾҲϲϵġ
ͱ˵ڵĬЩȻҲǺܾöûϹ˴ˣһ֣̾ɵؽȥ
һʱ䣬εĶֱ⻹ոսࡣ
Ǳ߶ѹ۷壬Ը⼸ڵĸ֣ҲЩв㡣
ûģļУȻٶûеڣҲңΪټ۷壬ǳ³Щȫ죬Ҳ֮С
˭֪ðһŷҹ֮һоͶʧˡ
һˣȻеĵӳ϶ǰԼ˶۸٣ȴˡ
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ʱŷҹİĶϽһգƺǲá
ҲһûãȻʵǷӲ
ŷҹΪʲôôһѹıЩˣ˵ԼѹƵԽˣ
ʱ򣬾ͿŷҹóһѽȥҲͨͨȻͷϽҪ˺ܶ౶
Ȼŷҹϣ΢⣬ǱעһȻĺ˲ֱѹ֮ǰǰѶϽѹƵû
꣡ҪˣһﵽмĽôһѱһ
ŷҹ֮ǰ֮ԲãΪڽϾؽʺƴʺɣʵѹȴһʵȻı䲻ˣֻøռƵؽϾѽĿǰ˵Ϊ
ھˣŷҹżϣһѺγԵģʲô£
ڽһȻӳɣÿһնǵصؽһѺѹƵԼҪܺӡ
ۡ
ηҪ棬ȫͻΧʱͻȻоһʲôˡ
ϣǻ񾳵ıϣȻ־޴ѹ֮£ڻѿ
ϲľϲ
Ҳû뵽Ȼ֮ϲսʱ򣬾ȻܿҪͻƻ񾳵ľ硣ֻҪһͻˣ˵һŷҹٶ˷ԣʲôɹ˼ɵģ
֮Ԫźӿȥ֮ǰͻڵĳ֮ǰз֮ţҪһ
ãûн񾳣³Ҳ֪ҪͻƵļ󰡡
һͻƣԼЩ˻л·
ˣɱһЦ·ĵӳ
ɱ
ЩҲɵʱŷҹвǲҶֻҪ۾˶ܿǾҪͻˣһͻƿɾǻ񾳵ǿߣһ񾳵ǿߵɽǲκζñ
Ǹоŷҹǻʤ㣬ҲҰŷҹЩ˵̫ˣһҶһٴηתŷҹǾûˣǻʲôԥģȻȫɱЩΥŵˣ
ǣҲ̫˰ɣŷҹ϶Щͣ·ЩķĵӣͺǵѾʤһҪЩΧ£
ŷҹҲ֪ͻ˻񾳣ԼҲǶ֣ǣҲҪܹͻƲС
ոͻƣҲΪѹɵģԼߣñڹؼʱ˵Ϊսͻô
뵱ʦͻ֮ʱ˰ɱģʱ̱ıһƫƫǻΪԼһ߶Ӯء
ʤаˢسŷҹѽûбս֮Ϊѽаɷ֮ŷҹҲûа취
ڵ˵ʤаһɱ
ŷҹһ֮Ѿ˺εǰʤаֱֱԷüġ
βмһЦȻſȥץʤа
ŷҹ׼ٴηŷҹڿжȻٴһȻ˺εʤаٴ̡
ͬѾ֪һָһ죬ʤаָ䣬綼ǰá
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ţɻԷĻͻȻоһ˿ʣȻһ˿˿ָ⴫֮С
ƺͬϢűϢһѪͿ꣬һЩԭûаɷ֮ʼԾ
γʱûиоʲô漴Ѿ֣״̬ٳȥֻҪˡ
ͻ֮ʱɷģĹҲΪĶԵУŻڵĺΣǱŷҹһԼӵģаɷϢʤаɧͻƵĻǿɾү׶ˡ
ֻϧԲǣͻҲĽˣˣεؿڴͻȻٻһѪȴô²
֮£ҪԼԼϲһðǿѪ³
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ô£ŲҪͻƻǡʱȡ
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ȹѹأôõһͻƻûˣûˣ»ΪͻƵʧܣΪϵˣ᲻ӰԺǵǵʱ֪ˡ


448 
ꡭ
֪ԼһǰˣͻƱƻѾûʲôٸŷҹȥ³Щ˾ͻԼŷҹˡ
ģڵľ涼ŷҹɵģҲҪŷҹȥ汳
һ̴Լţ￴ҪʵȴѪٻĵط
ѪȻȾһ
ȵǣһȥȻ̾ͺת˺ܶ࣬ȻҲЩѹаɷϢá
еλҪһηֻϧѾˡ
⻰Ÿո˵ڵʱ򣬺ϾѾһ㣬ǰһ͸Ȼڴҵ۾ϵš
һѪҺȥε۾ɵôģ񲻸ԼҲһ
ɱǰŵѾǻҪ翹ȥ𣿡ŷҹʤаһգϵаɷϢҲˡ
ʽʯ֮УҲԨĽ֮ת֮ڵаɷϢҲƽȥٶʲôӰˡ
˵Ԩ֮ҪǿԨԴһ֮аɷĿǡ
·ӳϣոջ棬Ҫͻƻ񾳵źΣȻǺȻأһʱЩܲһҶɵɵĶڵ
չӢͳ³ϵҲȥߣֻǾصȴţЩǾٸźȥģվڵһߣ໹ǸƵһǻһ𣬵ѾվʤߵλϣĶаȥ
ӵһʱ볤𷣣
ˣһЩϴţһڵأ뷣
Ҳ֪ţҲʲôΪ׶ˣѾǸеŷˣЩӣǸովӵʱСĶҡһ¡
ǸҲ˵ֻҪǵʱٶ֣ͿԷŹһڿʱһǵѡ
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ˣһ֮λû̫ǸɵʱȥԼ飬뱳̫ࡣ
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⡭ЩΪѵؿ˿ŷҹͻȻŷȥڵ飬ܻϣֻõͷǺðɣǱܶɵҲֻͷ³Ϻ͸λˡ
ǲ⣬ſǴӡ³תͷһЦ漴Ϳɽµɽ£ƬĵӵڵأҲȻֻЩǾ͸ˡ
ǺǣĶǸ֮ˣˣһûҲûʲôֵÿϧˡŷҹЦ
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ʲô֮ˣЩӲǲ֪࣬һʱΪмɽŻᱻɱû˵ɱ˲ԣЩҲԩģ˵Ե̫ˡ
ڸո˼ҰæĲҲֻһ£ȴûз
гȴѾ̲סߣЩҲҪɣλСֵ˵Ҳ̫û
ĻҪ˵ȥǾ͸оһתͷſһλϣǳԷͷֶԷĿɿڴؿԶ
Ҳæȥֻոջڵϵڵӣһӵÿ϶ãı飬֪ոշʲô
⡭³ҲǼʶ㣬Ҳ֪⾿Ƿʲô
Ҿ֪ŷǲɱô˵ģЦЦ
չӢҲʮ֣ڸոյʱҲΪЩӶ˵ģΪ˸ʦֱһжֵõġ
һΪ˴ﵽĿ꣬ԲϧһеˣҪȻҲȥ齣ˡһЩ˾ȻܹٸҲŷҹıٴξһ¡
ˣɲ⣡ĬĬ˵š
ÿΪԼ͸ŷҹı£Է̾ܳһûмĶݺݾһ¡
ֲԼʶ٣ֻ˵ŷҹıʵ̫ˡ࣬Ҽʮ
ͱһָķʵǿô¡Ҳˣôء
ҲûʲôҸһŵѧĹѣȷǵСĿǰ۷˾Ͳʲôˣ֮£ЧǷǳġŷҹЦЦҲûв˽
⻰Ҳм٣ǲȴǸѹγġ
Դҩʦűŷҹ֮ŷҹҲֱӰѲҲһˣһĹȴûȫɾһЩЧģŷҹҲﾡãЩ
û뵽ʱ֮󣬻ƶҲ仯ЩﶼʮѸ٣ŷҹҲͰѵһ£ҲǶһЩȻͨЩСһԼĻҲʲô¡
ԸǲУڵΪԸһЩصˣֱöԷѣһʱû⡣
ŷҹҲûЩɱˣֻǵԱпܵҪģһȴǸոպõ
ţȻд£ʸ¿ŵ𣿡³ϵʸȽϵĳˣҲŷҹʵ
ǰţҲʢһʱɣȻ˥䵽֪ȥĻԻͣŵĵӶеķʽȴһЩ߶ʮ־ηġ
ٹһЩʱŵѾ˥䣬ȴû˸СŵĵӣΪǴ඼ڲìܣɵķѺ𣬶ÿһŵӵʵȴҲһڧͺܲʰԭ֮һˡ
һ֮е׹ţŵĴУҲΪڧɵķֱ𣿿ɼûһסţʵ߲Զ
ҲŵĵӣŵĵӵвСĽ飬ҲֻǶһЩƤëѣŲ֮һġŷҹ˵ˣʣµͽˣҿϢˡ
³ϵ˶оԷæһȴֱӰһŸˡ
ˣȻ۷壬ǾԲܵȻ˵ԼˣһֹõģôҲֻƤëô򵥡
˵Ƥëֻ˵׹̫֮ˣǾƤëҲס
˵ģԷһΣû⿪Щӻ᲻Ļѹ
治˵


449 
ŵû˳г³һϳϰ࣬ûü죬žѾʽλˡ
Ҫĵһ飬Ǹŷҹһŵӵݣȴŷҹǳҹ
ŷҹԼҪģҲ֪Է᲻֪ˣǷСΪ
Ȼ֪Ǹһ׽ģԼսһЩҲ֪ԼˣЩ֪ˣȻʮֲģҪʲôǽȥ
ŷ磬Ҳܶ˿˱֣˷֣һŷҹ˺񣬻᲻ᷴӻأŷҹʱ˵
ȻҲû׼ڵȥڣһıһԼòģֻҪһݾͿˡŷҹ˵ģҲʲô鷳ֻҪһ˽¡
֪ŷ硣ʮŷҹһĿģн죬ȫŷģ˵ŷ粻ңǱŷһ£ҲʲôԹԵġ
ŷҹЦЦѾͷʵڡ
Ϊ˱齣Ȼѡˣ
ˣ֮ҾҪˣڵĵӦҲҪʼ˰ɣŷҹʵ
ءЩŷҹߣȻЩһֱʦչʦҲһ֮壬˵ʵƽﵹչչӢĸһЩŷҹ֮һֱڰԼǣָԼٰԼȻ˵Ŀĵģ໹ǾԼΪоܹˣھ;аȫУŷסһʱ߰ɣڵӦҲҪһºſʼŷƼȥģԻֱӴм룬ʲôĲˣŷ粻ż
ŶãҲһʱ䡣ŷҹ˵ǵͷ
̫ˣȥšһ̾͸
ţʲôðŵģŷҹʵ
ȻǰŷסܲŷסԺﲻǣЦ
һҪŵģһֱšŷҹҡͷЦЦҾͲסˣпյĻٻǡ
⡭һʱöʧĸо˾ɥ
õѾͷҵƼźﶼд𣿡ŷҹʵ
дˣС
ŷҹ֡
ԷԸذѶŷҹϣŷҹһ͵˴
ʱҲôûƶˣһЩҪĶƽʱһССĴһͨĵӣҪûƶʵ̫ҡˡ
ǶŵŶûУ˵һССĵӣǸĵˡ
࣬һ·Уڵķǰ
һ·ߵõɷǳûʲôⷢ
ԭҲΪŷҹòñȴǰҪִͨ࣬һŵӵרó
·ȻʲôҲûʲôЧǶһЩС˵ȴ൱ġ
ȻɣҲԱЩСЩҪǿö࣬Բǵģټһ·ߵö˼ĵطУ鷳͸ˡ

ŷҹһɽͻȻ·һ
ͷȥֻһķȻȡ
ŷҹԥһ£½ȴûϽǰΪ˿ȥûʲôΣգȴԼһڻɽʯⲻ뿪ȻЩ֡
λ̨ܲȾҼҵʦֵǣǶһֻܹ׽˶ȥҲĶ̨֣Ƕߵķϣһ֮ŷҹһ֣Ще
˼һ£ŷҹЦһѾٴ׼Ҫߡ
ҪȣǶԷΪѾﵽأڱֳΪһأȴæȻЩˡ
һ˵ߵΪǸ߼ܿͽǵͽ׶ڸ߽׵ʿֻƾž͸оȥжϣȴûа취ֱӿ
Ҳ˵ֻҪΪģǸ߽ߣЩڵΪķǱֻһأǰΪһڵסֻ֮Ҫ಻̫󣬱Ҳ͸ʵҲˡ
ŷҹͱȽˣʶ֮ǿᣬǱΪߣҲһ۾ͿԼΪֿýơ
ֻҪַ龳֣ûʲôܿΪʵġ
ոǸߣһ۾ܿŷҹΪһȴҪŷҹ͸ΪƭȥæȻûʲô¶
̨㲻Ҫ߰ҿԳ߼Ӷ㣬ֻҪ㿪ڣʲôǮԡӼˡ
ŶŷҹǶһ£׼٣
һʯôҧҧ˵
һ򣿿̫һɣ˵ֻôɶðΣյģֻһʯĻʵǲֵȥðհŷҹҡҡͷ
򡣡ŷҹҪҡͷֻٴһҧ壬Ĳٸˣʵֻôʯ
˵Ʒʯ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ƷǸް
һĽмۣǵȻƷʯˣ˭Ʒʯɳһһð
Ȼ˵ƷʯûеĻˡŷҹ˵žҪߡ
УƷʯûôֻ࣬ǧ飬ȸ㣬ҵʦиʯֻҪһȳϵʯҲ㣬ô˵
Ļ࣬˵ϻƷʯأҲһҰɡŷҹ˵
ҧҧǸŷҹţԼģСһ֪ôģȻթԼǲ֪
ˡŷҹ˶Էʯ֮һģţҪôɣ
Ȼǽȥʦˣɴ۾ȻΪʲô
ʦֵΪǶߣŷҹʡ
ذɡ۾һ£˵ˡ
һأǸָܹ׽ȥˣȥʲôáŷҹҡҡͷҿǻǱȥ鷳ˣȻһǸָܹǿɾ鷳ˡ
㡭÷ۣǼٵģҲСе̫ˣʯȻҪôߣǸ
ô˵ҲΪã˶һصߣԸһضԸ˵ܣǲȥ𣿡ŷҹ
ҲһأҲأ֮ǰʦҲֻǱͷܲһڶһǿ϶ܰ޸ܵģ˵ܵõϵıһ˵ǼܣҩĶɶˣǲҩҲȥʯĸ߼۶
ף԰ɣʦҲǶأҲǶأӦðͷܸ𣿡ŷҹٴɻ
ҡҵʱֱֻˣʵû뵽ŷҹô⡣
㲻ô֪ʦָֻһŷҹʡ


450 ʳ
еˣҲǼǣʱҾҪϵˣͿʦָܹսһֻʦѷһŻʧֱ׽˶ȥһҲͲֽˡ
ǵʱô׷ȥָܹʦִսӦʱʱٽ룬ܰɱ𣿡ŷҹ
ѽҾȻһ㡣ֻһԴװԼʧˣܶҲʮΣյĵطûһӦķڣױǼһﰵġ
ǿﻹɰŷҹЦЦ
ΪҲˣֻ鷳ˡҲǿһЦ
ıûнΪŷҹһ⣺Ϊʦ׽˶ȥʮа˾ѾˣȷһҪȥ𣿡
ᣬһţһҪҧ
ǲǵ˰ŷҹƲƲ죬ܸûм飬Ҫ
㵽׸ɲɣɵĻʯңֱ˰ɡԼҪٲ쭣Ҳ̫ˣֻŷҹŭ
Ҳ£ǰʯһ£·õİ취ŷҹ
ոڰʯôתһȦѾʲô¶Ҳûиɣʯһˣ
ֵܣ̣ǾʯԼˣʦֵܿŵӣĻֻܰɱˣҪ͸¶ԼݣϾҲʲôʵ飬ڿ˵ǲˡ
ԭڵʦ֣ʧʧŷҹڴŵӵ·˵ɵֻûеӦǾ̫ˡ
ǰʯǸһȥְֻܹɣɫ
ȻǸʦһȥˡŷҹЦ
⻹࣡ﰵͷ˾ǸûУҪŲܸɻ
Ҳûٶ໰һǰǸĺڶ
ǰ˼ͣݸŷҹһŷ䣺һǶһֳֻܹ֮һֵܹϣͿ԰סһʱ䣬Ǿʡ˺öˡ
ԭֺöǲŷҹӹǺЦ
ʲôһı׷
һһΪ˵ǽʹõĻֻǰԼǸνָܹһըˡ
Ǵụ́ԭǴȥ֣һ˳ٸǸܹһը
ֻϧһжŷҹ۾һű׷ڶŷҹϣẦµģغһصĲ࣬ɲô򵥵ġ
𡭡
һǰʮɣ洫һŭܹȻǱѾ֪˴Ķ
ŷҹѾúһֻصޣ࣬˵ļܣҼֵϣƶԷ˵ҲȥϾ֪ŷҹǸˣﲻʱ䣬Ͳ޸ʯ֮ļֵϵҲ˵ŷҹĻɵġ
Ǽһˣ̰֮Ѷ׵ϣһηԸŷҹòλ
ȥĶŷҹʵ
ȻԱ׼ܹһػİɣҾʯͷ棬˵ģ˵ⱬⶨôܹҲ˵㣬ֻҪһ̰Ѷȥ֤ûκεΣա˵ţԼѾ㵽ɽһʯ
԰ЦţɵñȥɣҺӵʯȫʬڵĻ͸ʣһѻҰɡ
ҪģԲܰѼܸŪûˣǸ˾ûбҪںˡ
ŷҹŷոպãܰŷҹըܹ˵һˣʱԼٳ֣׾ܵˡ
ؼڣҪŷڸֽܹʱԷϣַʵ̫ˣΪܿɲһܣûͨܵı׾෴жѸٵһ㣬Ϊ˲Ż֡
һ֮䣬߷ҪʱʩչĻֻðΣˡ
أҲһնûУ׽ͷܵʱԼһ˺ܡ
˻εģǵùˣ˵ܸ˶пܡ
ȥҲþôһͷòҵļܸˣԾһ취һС
ֻϧط̫ƫƧˣѾʱ˲̵ʱ䣬뿴ʲôʱ·ʱƭԷ֡
֮ǰҲйȥߣΪ̫ͣΪЩˣԷһ۾ܿԼΪҲ˵ʰ˼ܣʱԷʲôͷڵͷȥѹҲǰ״˵˼һŭ֮£ɱ˾ܡ
ֻɽҰ룬˭Ҳ֪˭µ֡˵ҲΪһصĵӣ󶯸ɸȥʲôġ
Եŷҹʱֱ͸˻ˣڿһΪʵˣⲻװ
ȻŷҹǆµǱûкãһõĺôǷǳ֮ġ
صȴţͿ˹һ˲䣬ŷҹܲܰű׷׺ˡ
ǶԷû׺ãҲǼӵˣֻҪһ˲䣬ܵעŷҹϣԴݵشԱ߲һɱ֡
ŷҹȻ׶Է˼ﰵһЦѾ˼㡣
˿ȫϢǼ˼֮󣬾Ȼͣûˡ
ƣֻŷҹʹɫŪ
ŷҹԸȭͷɽǽ˼£˵ʱǼܸŭˡ
˴ĵ̶Ǽֱһ·žͳ˳ŵһ˵Ϣǳʱȴֻһİվȴ֮ǰŵһϢ
ҲûȥƽЩȻѾˣܵʲôವһͳŷҹ˹ȥ
ɴ۾ͷܣҪŷҹű׷׹ȥ龰ֵǣŷҹȻһֱס
ףһ㣬ƫƫͷļȴû˵ŷҹ
𡭡
ܺǷŭȻһ˸ϷŪˣ˵ģ̫죬׷
ŷҹӰҲ׷׷һ¾׷صԱߡ
ûҶԼһͻ𼫷ܵע⣬ֻǾؿŶԷʲôһľٶ
𡭡
ȻһǽȫǺôҲһͷޣһĶǴˣҲ֪׷ŷҹǲ̫ʵ飬ڸһϢԱߣﻹȥ׷ŷҹͷһתͳϢ˹ȥˡ
ãһҪ㡣
ʱŷҹҲһҵĶ
ҪæҪֹ
Ѿ׼ôõŷҹôͣ¾Ͱѷӳȥˡ
䡭
޴ĻѼܺһһһܶǱ
䱾ǶԸܵģܵķ֪üˣ˵ʮ־޴
Ȼҵ˵ϣһ꼫һΪˣǽǺˡ


451 ػ
ȻǱǲû̫أڶϴǰҲǴƶѣҪɱҲҪٺһſܡ
֮Ͳһˣûмֱ̬ķһըֱǰըˣ붯һ¶ˡ
ֵܿңɲɵһ̾ŷҹȡ
㣿Ǻǣű׷Ȳ㣬Ҿ𣿡ŷҹǺЦЦ
ԭ֪ŭ
Էһֱ֪Ǳ׷ֻǰԼɵһĹͷŹŷԼȥƷһ¡
Ҳ֪ĻǲǾһ±ըأŷҹʵ
ֵˣҾû˼æҪͣʵǰôҲڸǲ֮ǰơ
ô˵˵ô˷
ɸո˵һ䣬ԭ֪Ǳŷҹʶˣ˵ô˭Űɣ
λֵܣ֮ǰҪţ㲢ûˣҲõӦеĽѵ֮˺òãһ£պб𣡡˵ɫѾò԰ˡ
ŷҹӦͷ˹ˡ
ҿһ¡ŷҹȻǲµŲӡ
ڵĵӣԺƷĵҩһһЩģȾңҲﰡˡ
ֻϧ˵ҲŰŷҹȴҡҡͷ
˵ֻøݣԼԹ޳𣬻ǱæģȴôԼڰˣ˭֪һתۻʲôԣ
飬ɲٳڶˣԱҲûдپ
ûɱѾǸӣȻҲǸͷܵӡ
üɱĳңҲǼӰæˣ׽⼫ȥʯŷҹʱûȤ

Ȼ˵̫Ļֻһͣ٣̾˹ȥû˿ģͱˡ
ܣҲһͷͨޣҲɱ㣬ɣڣŷҹ˵һЦҪ˳ɽ
𡭡ŷҹ˵ʲôȴǳŷҹͺһҲ֪Щʲô
ŷҹҲѲָһƶѾǰ
ñһͷܰȻܵúܿ죬ûҿģŲŴܣǴܵıӵ
ƺǸܼԨԴӣҲȥűӣһ
ŷҹ˵ǽȥлŹкö͸ǡ֪ŷҹʲôˣ°⼫ܵ˼ת
𣿺Ǻǣܻ˼ҿͲ˰ɡŷҹҡҡ֡
ҲڵӵĶൢʡʲôʦֵ￴ˣһ鷳
ĵûʲôڵˣǿɾͲˡ
ף԰Լȫٻһ
ŷҹ뵽ҲȻˣر仯ȻֻһЩϸ΢ĸı䣬Ƿ˵ȴȫˡ
ĻǱ˿ˣֻҪٻһӾͺˣȫõ˭ԼɱڵӶǼٵģټٶҲǼٵ
ŷҹȥ˵кöأ˵ȻγɵһҺ˿ΪβġЩڴ˵
ҲãǾȥɡŷҹѾͨˣʱȥҲû£Ҳһ
ǶҲȷĵرƵģˣЩϧˡ
һ˦ͷʬĳǵʳˡ
ŷҹҲûȥЩ˰޶ΪʳõĶ޳ˣҲûʲô˵ģֻҪԵĲҲʲôˣûʲôųġ
쿴صȽе
ȷǺصŷҹҲǸ̾
ﾹȻһҾ۵СӣһСӡһֻǸСﱾŵػҾϿһطڻһµĵػҾȥҪٹСʱſٵһ
ŷҹʱףӦɽĵػңγɣʯǡǡһ죬õػҵľһССѷ͸˳
Ȼεúջ֮ҲγôһСˡ
ҲػҾֻ˵ȻãôȴһŻܴ󷽵ذЩ͸Լ
ŷҹԼҲˣոΪҲټȥͻˣΪͻ̫Ҳʲô¶
ں˵һʾ޴ĲƸػҾƺ֣֪֮жôĬĹϵⶫ֮󣬺ΪֱͿˡ
ֲôԭǿĵػҰŷҹЦ
ǲǣⶫȫҪˣллˣżͷ
ǼҲ֪ôģԺΪ˳ӣ˿̸ǺܹɵصͷΪϲػҾء
ŷҹӴóһЩƿһЩʢҩƿӶ󣬿Ǻŷҹõ࣬ڻǸʢˡ
ˣʢʢˣԺʺĶһһЩϾԵҩɲǳеġŷҹҲЦЦ
ʵԽǿȻ뿴ģЩƳ˻ԣҪܱĻЩǲģΪ׷Լģ϶ЩصˣٸΪģѾЩƳܶԸ˵ˡ
Ǻʲôʱ򣬶һ޴ս
װ˼ôණڼܵˣ׵ķŷҹҲе˼ˣ¾;ԺһҪԷһر
𡭡
΢΢ͷŷҹҲʮѺ
ֻŷҹԼĻܻеҽӽǺ˺޸֮䣬ȻǸùͨһЩˡ
ܱҲ϶ŷҹһˣԲŻ
ֿŷҹŵҪЩʺϵĶ¾͸ӿˡ
˸ѣ඼ǿԵģǻԵⶫ治ǿģ˾ȻȻ֮õġ
뿪֮ܶŷҹ̾͸ԼٻһףҲ˿û˿Ҳʲô飬ַӾ͸㶨ˡ
ȻУò˶ã͵һ
еӻĵط
ŷҹĻǲٲμЩͨѡΣֱӴӺҩʼ
Ҳ˵ֱҩ֣һһ£Щ˶һЩͨҩĵıʶ̶ȣһعˣǾ˵һŵӵʸˡ
ҩ֮ǰһ㶼ǼΪģŷҹǴƼģһȻͲˣôҲһصʿ
Ȼ˵ŷҹչʾΪʵΪ
һӰصΪǳϼˣٻҩĻôܻŵȥһڿ϶ϸģԻǵ͵һЩԶһʱ֮ʵΪչʾ


452 ҩ
һ˸ӷģԼΪ̶̵ʱɵĻų̶ҲһܵӣʱҪٴ̽ʲôϢ͸ˡ
ŷҹһҿջס£ֻһһߵȴżڵĻˡ
һӰȫĵطɽ֮ʵӺʣŷҹҲҪЩ֪ڵ顣
褵飬Ǳ߶ЩСϢοڵɽ£˵ҲӦ֪һЩʲôġ
ֻŷҹЩʧǣ˼֮ȴûдϵõκһڵϢ
Ĵɻ褵ǲڣֻԼ֮󣬲֪ܵˡ
ʱһξ͹ŷҹԼ֮תҲԼЩƼȥִµʱˣǴ֮ǰƼź͵ƣһ·ɨյӵĵطǰȥ
ӳҹŵӣƼӦԣ볤ϹĿŷҹߵһλִ³ϵĽǰԼƽȥ˼顣
ţǳ΢΢ЦЦ벻һɣȻҲ˸ͨҩĵӣ
˵ֻͨǴͨѡŷҹҲ֪Է˵ľͨʵһ˵Ц
ЩڵĳҲֻǵĳϺ͵ӣǾͨģˣҲҩҲֻѡ
ǺǣܴͨĻҲʸˣǲǴͨǻҪԹ˲ִ֪³Ц
˳ָŷҹһƣȥɣ֮󣬵Ӧԣʱ˳ͨպڵĵˣͨĻǺǣͼŰɡ
лϣŷҹԷ΢΢˳ִӴóһСӣǰɽżȻõҩģȥĳҵԿҩԾ͸ϣȻҩķӸá
ִ³ϰЦִ³Ҳһ죬һЩҪһЩСֶΣԼĻģڴԼ֮շһЩǵĶԼڳôܿأ
һΣֻ˵һ֣ŷҹѾǸӴ򿪣һҩʱִ³Ͼһ
ȻûпҩĵӣǹҲ֪ҩľԲһ㡣
찡ȻѪ٣һǧѪ٣ִ³һ߶ͷһ߶ҡͷڸ̾ʲôǿϧ˰
ôѵҩǻݾͱժˣѽǿǿϧˡŷҹҲϧ
ҩĿǧҩˣֻǿϧҩģҪҵһƵĶңҵĻǿɾǱĵرҲҪʲôˡִ³̾һ
ŷҹﰵЦҩûʲôôΪһװ͸
ҩĹǹˣֹصֻۿϧΪҲҩģһ˷ѡ
ǲҪأҲ̫ܣô˵ҲһǧҩһǺϡе֣ڱ˵ôһִ³ϣŶֶܾܾ
ҵһѪ٣˭֪᲻ͻָѪĶأ
һʱò˭ҲҩķԼġ
ԭҶҩĵʶ̫һЩŷҹ˳˵һǫĻϹȻҩľ͸ϰɣҩģҲƵ˵ģһǳõĻһЩ
Ҳáʱִ³Ҳپܾˣԥһ֮Ҳ˼ҪֻøһЩŵ˳ҹһշһֻҪò̫࣬һԸΪڵӵģֻŵӶѣţҪԼ汾£ŵӣڷܣֲеĻֻ¼֮󣬻ֻصĻŵӶҪ࣬ҪǺˡ
ϷģұҲĿͨģҩľ⣬ֻǵΪʺóӵжѡŷҹ΢΢Цֿ˶ͨҲͲƼˡ
Ŷִ³ϵ΢΢һ¡
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ǾͺãʱҲǿ˵ĳ֮һĲܣҿֱӾŵӵǺǣĻȿǱ߳ܶడִ³Ц
ŷҹȵľ仰æллϣһʧġ
һŵʲôãһЩмֵһЩϢᴫȥοҪĺܿڵĻܡ
ҪȻҲɽµʲô֪褿ҩʥ尡㹻ں䶯һˡ
ֻҪŵ֪¶ǿ϶һʱڱ֪ܶΪŵӶǾģ˽ӴҲ࣬ЩϢûа취ȥġ
Ϸм棬ܴŵӣҲⰡ泤ٴЦЦ˵ĵҲʵ
⣬ѡγһЩĵӣɻǻһЩḻĽģϾһҪҪ׳չҪľǲĵӲ
ÿѡεĵΪȻ΢ȴҲÿɶӵһ
ǺǣֳϷģҶڴǳҩһЩģΪ֮ǰõһҩСӣԼҲ˲ٵҩֻǱȽϳġŷҹ˵
ŶӼ泤Ͼ͸Ӿˡ
˵ֻܱҩĵĻǵȻҲԽţǰҲҪҩ츳츳ҲǿԿģʵû츳ҲֻñǸˡ
Ҳֻ۵ģõɼȫûκκô
ŷҹֻƾһ֪Сӣûָ£Լɵˣⲻò˵һСŰ
Ҫ֪ҩһ;ɲߣŸϼѣûָԼɹֻ˵ŷҹ츳֮ѡ
ţĻŵĻ͸ˡ泤ƵƵͷһȥ׼ɣ֮ģ̫ţֻҪܹɵһš
ոյһҩģҪͨһ£ֻҪŷҹڱʶҩ֮Уһĺóɼţڿŷҹֻˣ͸˵ˡ
ŷҹõԼҪĳŵȻˡ
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ǰ˾ȹÿǰһ֮ο˵ݡ
ʵҲҩģֻҩĵĻͼÿ˵ͼᶼһģܣȻнʮҳֽĻᣬÿһҳһҩģҲ׿֮˶ҩĵϤ̶ˡ


453 һ
ʵͼ֮ϵҩҲֵ֮ģԽǰģԽǳҩģԽ濴ͻԽɬһ˽Ӵ󣬾һ˼ûмĵر˺漸֣žֺܶûҩˡ
ڿһɣѡεҲǵҲûָЩܹЩҩĶϹ⣬Ļӷˡ
󲿷ֵģֻҪҩϵʮҵģҲͿ¼ȡˣϵʮֵģǾһѵõĺӣֻҪһЩ츳ֻǶıպôЩϢġ
ڿ˿ʼǰͼóȻڿհ׵ֽϣдʶҩģһҪǵڼҳҩģʲô֣ʲôãЩϸ˵ˣʼɡ泤ϹȻҲһο˵ִ³ϣ¾ʼ
ŷҹͼóŲæؿ
һԵò࣬Ϊǿļܣϼζҩģǿ治ʲô⡣
ִֿһ飬ѾʮֵҩĶȷģ֣ҲӡֻΪûۼԲ̫ȷдȥĻʮа˾ҲŪһģܹܴԸʮ˵ң󱬷ʮȫҲʲôܵ顣
˿֮̿϶һƬżȻдǺš
ĿǰΪֹŷҹ֮⣬˶ǰԼ֪ҩ̶дֽϣȻźʲô
һЩΧ۵ˣ󲿷ֶǰﱻˢģǰ֣Ҳеϵľ񣬴ҲǵЦһ½ûĸСų֡
ŷҹλǡǡþͱڱԵԺܶһ۾ܿǿһɵɵվȻһζҩĵҲûȥдʱ򣬵¶Ц
еǰرˢˣߣһԼ磬ƾʲôμӺĲԣ
ƼҲֻ;ˡǺܶ˶ֹܲ涨Ҳһ취ҲûУΪھĹأҲأҲء
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ܶ˶޶ز룬᲻ѰڵĳϱӸˡ
ǸɵñһҩĶûдҶ磬ȻҸˢˣ˰
ֻɫԼСɵĵӣɢǿĶ
ҿ˵ǱǿܱһͲˡ
һƬĳЦҲ͸Ǳ߼˳ϵĶ
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˵쿴ԼѪ٣һҩһϲͨСӣôܻʶصҩġ
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ʱѾȥһܶѾѱʷʱŷҹ˱
Ǽһﶯˣ
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ŷҹҲҪ֪ͲµĶȥ֮ǵ͵һЩȽϺãͰԼȷʮҩȫдȥ⼸֣ȻЩȷûۿĶհ״
д֮ŷҹְѻֽŶŻǸԼվﲻ˵һգȻҪһ
װǻװԱһƬ
ЩΪԼòᣬƴᣬȴԼǿ˶ٵȥͣ·ֻҪ˸ᵽ˼㣬һܵõһ
ϵĴøھȷŷҹԲһΪд𰸵ʱɫݣһɻӶ
ŶԱ߶ѾȥŷҹĴ𰸣һ˳ȴɻѵֳϾǸСһţ
ǺǣǲҪ֪ҵϣܶţҶкôֳҲѻ˵ʡܴﵽĻԼԼ
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Ƽӵһ׶ˣЩӵ츳رֻǸɶ˵֣粻ͣȻҲرãرõʣǲɣֻҲƾ͸ˣԸԼ໨һЩԴˣǿһ
ҿ˵˵ʲôҲûáֳİŷҹҲ˵ȻӾ̫ˡ
Ƭ֮λ˵ĵӶѾش˳ҲһһĿ鿴Ȼĸ˸ŷҹһʮҩġ
ĸһǣҩ϶ԼҲµĴ𰸣ֻŷҹһ˵Ĵϣֻʮȷ𰸣ȫûκεĲ²ܶϡ
ܺã泤Ͽֽ̲סҲһŷҹĴ
Ϳʼˣο˴ʮҩµΪٶʮˣЩֱ̭ϣ´ټӽɣʮҩĵĹоʮˡʮҩĵĹˣֱǡˣԳҹΪһ
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Ȼ˶Ǵʮҩģôֳ˭ǵһӦǲвŶԡȻ˵
Ŀ˳Ҳż濴ȥ֪ΪʲôŷҹһһʵȫûбҪģϾ˶ʸһؿŵӵģһ˲


454 ҩ
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ֻǸոǸӣ˶ֽϿȥ
˿˼֮󣬾΢΢üͷҪ˵ĻֻܿŷҹñϸѣܳΪһ
˵ֻϸĻҲǿԵġ˵
ֻϸٴ⡣һֻ˵һΪٴˣԲŻǸ㡣
Ӳףϵ˼ǣҹٴĻͿ԰ʣµдͱǿ𣿡ɻ󲻽⣬ЩõС
ǲҸ˳˵ģȻǶ̫⣬ƴ˷ҲҪʸ
ϵĻܸһҲΪˣŲ𣬵ǲȴȴҪ㡣Ҳŭڻŷҹҩĵ飬ŭˣЧûˣΪһҩʦҩĵƹþӦϤޱȣһζҩĸͲ֪ĻǾͲκεӲ²⣬ΪӲ²ĽֻĵҩʧܣƳԼ֪ЧĵҩֻǷϵԲ֪ҲҪõö࣬ȿˣ
ˣڲҴ̶Ϊһ׻˵ûǺеģҩһ£Ĺһǲƾȥеġ
ֳ˵üǣҲܽˣԱߵĿ˳϶Ц˵
ҹЩʣг˵
ֳ΢΢ЦţҲٶ˵
·ЩոŷҹЦˣʱһƿˡ
ոǲͣڼŷҹ˵ԷԼһ磬ǿڵĽһģǰɣ
ˣһصıְɣʶʮҩϵˣȥμһ½ԡֳ̾Ź
ʵҲܼ򵥣ֻҪϹشʮҩĵˣͿȥһһƵҩֻҪƳĵҩǾͿ˳Ϊŵӡ
ȻʵǲƵĻҲѡֱȥŵӱ
ߵһģһҪţֻҪаᣬǶȥԵġ
μӲԵˣһʮǸոʶʮҩĵģҲʮˡ
һֵĲԿҪҩĵģЩͼҩģĶڶõ𣬸οֻʮ˵ģֻһΣҲò̫ࡣ
ǸϷŵģǸոʮҩģÿÿҩĶݣҲ˵λᣬκεҩʮκҩģֻҪɵ֮ͨʧܵĻȥŵӱˡһ˳ϰѹ˵һ¡
˶ûʲô飬ʼ
ŷҹһǰҩĹȻƷҩģ¯Ҳĵ¯ƶЩĲͲ˵ˣҪ˵Щ˵ټ򵥲ˡ
ǳɵҪɲˣŷҹҲͲûˡ
ΨһѶȾǿҪ¶Լɵʵȫǲܵģ翴ôɡ
һڵʱΪ˷ֹ˵͵˵Ĵ𰸣Զʶģ˵ʶܳԼӷΧһȥ͵ƣԼûƹҲһɡ
ûʲôʶƵģҿԺػ࿴ԷôƵҩ
Ҳ֮ǰ˵ģûõģҲû˰Ѿķڿ˵ϡ
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ΪһεĺʤҲֻŷҹܻкУΪĲƵҩ
Ǻǣ˵ɣҾСӣӦǲ򵥵ġڼҲҰѻ˵һˣϾŷҹһıֺܾʣҵ˵

ŷҹûпʼѾб˿ʼˣ¯ʱҵĻȻһַġ
һ˳Ҳˡ
Ҫ˵¯֮ҲȻ棬ֻֻ¶ȵ⣬Ժܶҩʦϲ߻棬Ļ棬ƩһЩԵ֮á
˶ǣȻһ棬ٿҲǲ¶Ҳ㹻÷ԴɣҲԵùݳЩȻΪܳɵóֶΣƽҩǲôģǵҪѶٷ䰡
ǸŮӣȻҩҩǴ󵨡гָһŮӾȵ
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ˣʼ𣿡˷ŷҹͻȻͿʼˣҶʮѸ٣æи
ףҪ漴Ҷһ£ǸҩģȻҪһҩǲðһ
ǲҩˣҲ֪ҩԽ࣬ѶȾԽ󡣶һֿУֻҪҩģһͨĵҩͿˣŷҹȻһҩģ
Ҳ΢΢һüͷȻҩģСѵаգ
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СƵҩõҩ࣬ٶҲģٶȥʱ䣬ĵҩҪˡһ˳̾
顭
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ҩʦ˵ʲôֵ󣬾һЩҩʦƵҩʱҲ˵ǰٷְپܳɹһһֵҩҲҪݵҩĲŻᱣһЩ
ȻһЩҩʦͨĵҩʧʿɾ൱൱ˡ
ŷҹʧܣȫǴҵϿɷΧ֮ڣǲʧܵĻǵҪˡ
һԣڳ˶ҿ˭ĵ֮ﶼЩ⡣
һεĵһһҪǱԼڽ£ָоǺˬġ
ֿʼˡ˳ʱ̶עŷҹĶӦûѡȽһЩİɣ
ȻҾͿŷҹȻһ֮ǰҩģʼƹ̡
Ȼ֣ѵҪΪŵӣЩ϶ˡ
ӣͬСɰȴسһ䣬ִţ൱ҩһͨˣҲ飬ִŵ̬ȥҩһŵӣҪӿɹö࣡
ţһλҲͬǼֳϿ͸ŷҹҩ֮ţεҩûƳɹֻҪʵϱȥҲһͨΪŵӡ
ĵֻǷŵȥЩʵ̫ˡгҲͬ
Ǻǣһһ𿴿ɣ˵׼һγҹãİҩƳɹҲ˵ءĿĴﵽҲֻЦЦһԹۿ


455 ʵ
泤ŷҹȻҪģŷҹıǮҲȷǹ㣬˵ʲôȥ룬ΪŷҹЩʵֱӽŵʸ
ټСرˣ֪ТԼһ£Ǿ͸˵ˣӾպԻˣӦҲڵЯ԰ԼҲкôġ
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ЩˣҲЩܳɹȻĳɷҲӴ󣬵ô˾ǳˣ˭أ
ʱҶĿ䵽ŷҹϣֻ֮ǰһһ˿ҩҺûзֱ˶ѾɣֻʣԼһ
һںϣŷҹ૵߶һвϷѵؿҩҺмں

¯ͻȻ֮䲻ȶ˵ĶǴػҡȥ
Щ϶ţǧҪǧҪ
ŷҹƳɹҩĵĵҩǾ͵֮һѡεеţŸͲκε
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ŷҹʧˣȻҲͨķʽŷҹΪŵӣһŵĳɷ־ûˣһεѡȻҲۿۡ
ԼеĳϣϣŷҹܳɹϣؿǸ¯ϣһȶ
Щ˵˾ͲôˣǼŷҹһϳʮҩĵˣŷҹ֮ǰѹһͷڸҩҩŷҹĳɹˣǾһαѹȥˡ
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Ǿ͵һֺηҶͬ
ʱŷҹȴļһӡһһȥǲҪش߶ţҪӿ쵤ҩɵʱ䣬ʱ䵽֮ڰѵҩƳһ
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ŷҹܳŹȥģôһŪĻеˡ
ǵ¯ĻҡεøȥʱԷڶαըҲܿƵģڵĳǶ޲ܵ߶ȥһ£ŷҹ㲻üʱеǣ˵Ļɾûеˡ
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ʱȻŷҹһСţԼۣԼҲܲܵˡ
˲飬ЩϵȻȥֻϣŷҹܳɹˣҾǲɹ֮ҲǺȥţùȥһٱ
顭
ŷҹøӷ֮󣬵¯һη˱ըֵǣһεĵ¯ﾹȻûð̣ŷҹҲûֹͣ
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Сӵ㰡иȴǿ˷ʲô顣
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Ǻǣˣһ˵Ӱûҩʦ̵£ôѸپͰͻˣҿСӱղҪӲˡһȴǿ޵
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ҶЦúܸʱһը
гϵĸζһ⻹ûˣըһزУ㻹ڶصİʱҲôϰɣ
һرϴεҪҲֱӾͰѵ¯ըˣ¯꿦Ȼѳüķ϶
Ȼڶ೤Ŀɿڴ֮Уٴһˡ
ˣǶʧˣ¯ûˣûϣˣֻ·ոտҪֵĹͰΪŷҹһˣ
ף泤ȴʱһ£ױҪһЩ̾ͷŷҹ¯֮󣬾Ȼڶ
ֻƺһ𣬰ʲôؼѹš
Ҳֳϵ֮Ǳ߿ȥһ̾ͺ䶯ˡ
ҲУ
СǸţ
ɵİɣ
ĳˣ
ǳϻǿ˵ĵӣֲŵĸоΪŷҹȻƳɹˣڵ¯ըһ˲䣬ȻܰѵҩסţͲһɵĵҩˡ
ŷҹĨһѺһһڳ˵ϣϣ鿴һ°ɡ
ţһϹһۣѵҩø˼泤ϣֳ㿴ȻɫЩҹҩƳôǿӦĵӶûйģҿһΣһûˡ
Ǻܺãҩģ̶ֳȣֱˣҲ佱
üֳϿϵˣȻ򵥰гҲ̾
Ǻǣҹܲ泤Ҳй⣬Ȼ֮ǰǴ˽Ŀŷҹһ£ڿСֵһ䰡ο˽һΪҹ
˶ЩźرǸҩƳҩˣЩûԼûдһЩ
ǻ˵ҩûаյĻǲƣһӾ͵ŵˣָˣǲ֪ʲôʱܽء
һֻʣ˰˸˽ţ⻹ǰţ漸żȻãŵˣһΣҲͲܹƳɹˡ
ŷҹĿĴﵽͲ̫ǰԼӳ±Щ˵ĳ϶й֮޲Ҫ֪ôҲƹ˼۷壬ؼĵҩˡ
ֻһɵȻͱ˵ţ⵹ЩЦˡ


456 Ӣ
ȻѾͨôǰɢҲãĸɵĵҲգÿһƣӴ֮ڵŵӣǴ쿪ʼרųһЩҩǴǰѧϰʲôֶΣڶԳΪǵҩڶʱл뾫ӢӣĻǿǻõܶ붼벻ҩģʱҪҩ練ƣ𣿡泤ϷԸ
ǣϣһŬŷҹڣеİ˸˶ǵͷǡ
ŷҹȴǰЦЦܳΪӢӻǾ͸ˣ
ŷҹȥ֮󣬼ȳ̾Ͱѽ쿼˵ϱȥ
ŶҩĳɵһԼҩС˵ȷǲˣһҩĹ֮Ӧ䣬ȷǸ˲ţҪúһ¡Ļ㱨֮һɫ΢΢ͷڵӣûвݣûʲôŹְɣ
ƼĵӣӦû⣬ΪֵΪͻרŴһ¡泤æشŵźΣոձһŮҰɱǱκǰ֮Ů¸ûʲôϵǡҹǺȽϿصһӣȻǺεţȴݲҲʵȻţҲҲʲôڣ֪ЩҩԾ˳Ƽ˹ĻСɣǲһܳɵҩĵĵء
Ǻǣ˵ڼ˱ˣҲЦ
ҹľģǵûʲôȥˡֻǲ֪Щŷҹ֮ǰƺõŶΣΪľǷֹڵȥ顣
һ׼;ڵ˲˸
һΪĵӣҩƼҲ˵ùȥģ˭ǡǵõǰŵʶǰŸгأ
ô˵ֻйùЩ鶼¶ˡ
ҲǼ˱ˣӵĺ˵ˣŻᱻƼǵСЦҩ츳ò˶ãͿԳΪӢеһԱˡ
ţ¼ֳòοЩӣλ϶ˣӵ
ΪŷǣӦġڳ϶ǹ
ﶼܸˣŷҹСűȷǵĽͲˡ
ʥŮˣӻ֣ڳ϶ȥֻ˼泤ϣ
鶴Ѿ£ӣҲҪˣĻ֮ΪһڻжϾʲô̶ȣӦǿԵġ泤˼һ˵
ţʥŮɸ˵Ĺؼܴʧӵ
ŷģһжǵļƻ֮С泤ϵ
һʱת۹ȥŷҹÿ춼һڳϴжһ£ֻг˵ҩЩֻǿһۣѾеĹͲû̫ʱȥо
ʱȥƵҩҲΪӸ˿
ӣҩĽٶȣҲ˸оʮ־ȣһǧˡ
ûа취˭ŷҹŽ뾫Ӣء
˾Ӣӵи̽Ϣ֮⣬ŷҹҲҲǸõطʮ־ˣӾʮֹӦзġ
ŷҹоһЩʮεķ󲨶ƺһֻн뾫ӢӵܵõϢ
ҹ벻֮죬ֻһ£Ͱڵҩ˾տ˼ƷƷĵҩˣرƸ뾫Ӣӡһ泤ŷҹ֮˵
ǲģ齻һЩͨĳ˵һ¾ˣǼΪ˱ʾԼг궪Ѫûаãܹŷҹ˵Щ顣
лšŷҹŹķ֣泤ϹлҰЩ顣
ǺǣŷҹһжıȡģϷûʲôϵֻҪŬҩͬʱΪҲҪһ£ֻһһصĻҩҲкܴӰ졣泤϶
ǿҩûۺ֧Ҳǲõҩ̫ߵģŷҹΪƳ˼ƷĵҩѾЩˣϸӲܡ
ϵĻҹǣһŬΪġŷҹ
ҲҪɣ򲻴Ҫһһ̤ʵźá泤ٷԸ
ǳϣŷҹٹ
ˣŵҩŶ͵ģһĵǣΪкܲİ˿϶Ϊа泤˵ٵ˿ŵҩ
̫лˡŷҹ˵Žӹҩȼֳ˵ʲôѾһȥ
㡭ֳˣⵤҩҪúãˣȥɣ
ֳû뵽ŷҹôçײȻĵò̫󣬵ǺôҲһĵҩôȥֱ˷Ѱ
ϣҺȻоѪӿǵӾͻƣŷҹ˵Թȥˡ
һӵü泤һΪŷҹϻŵۿҪͻƵӡ
ûӣŷҹһϵϢʱ֮ǰҪǿһЩ
أֳЩȵؿŷҹ
ȻֻһΪأŷҹҲ̫˰ɣ
Űһţ
ֳȻ֪ŷҹʲôʱǿҲǽõӣǾôһĵ˵ͻƾͻˣȷ˾ȡ
ܲŷҹ㲻ҩ츳ˣ츳Ҳһˣ˸ߵΪ֮ҩֻøӾտúɣʥŮصӣܵõʥŮʶպеĵλɾ͸ˮǴˡڿŷҹ˳ۣҲָһЩ
Ŷлָ㣬ҪôܵõʥŮʶأŷҹȻûдʥŮ⣬ţΪʥŮˣȻ֪ܵˣų֮⣬Ҳ˰ɣӦġ
ܸʥŮϹϵһεĿľͺ״ﵽˡ
ĿǰΪֹûκ̸۹褵飬ҲǺ£ѾĻӦǺܶ˶Ѿ֪ˣû֪֤Ǿ԰ȫġ
ǺǣҾԻشˡҲЩΪѵΪŮӣԼòһЩЩ㶼ԼɣʱܻϰٵӶʥŮģΪֻĻҪʲôĶҲˣʲôֳɵĶһ£ĵĻҵɽȥ֮ڸϻһʥŮĵĶɡ


457 ʥŮ
̫ˡŷҹʱ
֮ûгȥڵĵҲײɽǳȥҲҪģڲ飬ǿҪܵ𷣵ġ
ŷҹѾòʲôϢɽǿˣٿûʲôرϢҪԼѰţʵѾ˱ĵطǿɾ鷳ˡ
лֳ֮ŷҹһ·ɽȥˣĽҲûеõʲôõϢﵹǺûзʲô⡣
ŷҹҪҪǸʥŮʲôˣŮõĶ޷ǾһЩˮ֮࣬ûʲôױƷ
ƷĻǿóˣҲֻ˵ģҲԸһİŮ˷ôȥƷ
ȥΪ褣ǾԼְɡ
ûжͷһ˷ʵһʦǿɾ鷳ˣȴܵﵱһССĵӣǿ϶ǰٷְⰡ
ɽһᣬһҿջϢԸȥҪ˴ţ̾Ͱѻƶ˳
кԼŻ棬ҲǺܷġ
ԼʲôϵʱͻȻԼѾصĸ֣Ҳ˵ҪһԼ񽣵ĻǿԿʼˣȻһӾɳƷ񽣶ǲϵشĥ֮󣬲εġ
ĲȻҲȥңǼѽˡ
ľ˵Щ˽֮֮󣬾ͻһѷϽǾŽһĻÿһ֮ҲԼڵ
ڿȻҲСʵÿѽϣȴÿѽӲµãʽЩϽľˡ
֮󣬾ڻǲҪˣΪƱһʱĹҪһ֮ھɣҲ̫ˡ
һЩͨĲϣԽľʽȥЩһһˣŬ˼һ״ȻʼŻƶơ
ֻһСʱʱ䣬ǼƷѾŷҹ˳
һֻתŷҹ˵ҲһˣҲǱȽģ֮һЩͼŷҹĶǴʱǸ
ⶫ͸褵ľͺˡŷҹֻµģЩֵ͸ʲôʥŮˡ
ȻֻһЩͨϴģҲûǶʲôʯʯŷҹ沼˼ССķⶫһʮ֣ŷЧһŮϲġ
֮ϵ̵ĶȴһƬҩ԰һŮӵıӰֻǷοȴеŹֹ֣ʽװִ·ϸĻ滹һεҩʵ褴ĵط
һжϸϸĵҲŷҹижȻͨȻҲ˼̺ı׼ĻڵӣѾﵽ˰벽ĵĳ̶ˣΪѾŷҹ˼ŷҹӽΪ˼褡
ŷҹһУҲ΢΢̾˿ôãҲûеõ褵ϢЩġ
Ҳ֪ôˣҩʦűԼŪˣǲ֪ź᲻ٳʲô⣬ҪԸŷҵĻǿЩ鷳ġħ֮ҩʦֱһʱٸȥŷҡ
ѩǱߣϴѱҩʦҲûҵȪҶ治֪ʲôʱҵǶҵ˲ܻȥָô죿
һŷҹͷ󣬵ֻһһˣȻ˵
ھ鶴죬ΡɽΧƣ˿̵ɽ֮ǰΧ˲ٵĵӣһǾ鶴ſڡ
ˣǾӢĵӲʸŷҹҲпţʥŮʲô
¡¡
صʯű򿪣Ƶ˵ĿҲ˹ȥ
һİӰ֣һ̤Ӱ֮ŮüĿ续һûκεۣ֬ȴ֬һ㡣ȹ˿ڲס˵ߣֹ֮Ǿ·һ㣬ֻŮӵ۾ﺬһŵϢκ˶ֻǿһ㣬û˿ĸ顣
䡭
һ죬ȴŷҹһ˵
Ұǰ̤һֱ֪֮ŭһۣæ
ŷҹȴһƬȣ
褣벻ʥŮȻ褣
ŷҹȭͷѾһƬ
̧ͷȥǶԷĿֻڶĵһɨû˿ͣ
ŷҹʶԼǸıģվ褵ǰӦҲϲοԼվĵм䣬ܱˡ
һʱȻֳ嶯̾ͻָԼĿȻһ𴳳ڡ
ȻûΪķʵ̫󣬳ɹҲ̫ˣ˵ˣĳϸڣ۷Ĵڣŷҹôһڣڻ̫ʵ
ǼȻҵһ͸Ӻöˡ
лӽ褣ֻҪڱ˿£Լһһ뿪ǲ뿪ҸѩһʥŮֻҪǰȫľͺá
ӭʥŮ泤ǰһ
ںĵǶǸżһʥŮڵĵλ治һظ߰
ŷҹӾȵ褵Ϊڶ̶̼ʱȻѾͻ˻񾳣ҿϵҩҲû˿ĸı䣬ǴԸѾˡ
ֳϲضڵӶȥɡɫ˵
ʥŮڵΪӭʥŮأɹͻƻ񾳣׼һЩʥŮ¡ֳ
ŶǾɣֻ˵ôһ䣬ԼѾתˡ
⡭ֳЩΡ
ЩӰѶһһĿ˭͵úãҲõЩ
ȻһٻЩĿģ͸ֱ˵ˡ
ôƺҲ˼ֳϵ
ûʲôʥŮۣȻǸٿҲãڵǰ뵱ϣһʥŮɵģôһôʧˡֳϵ
Ǿ˰ɣѶ߲ҲԣҲ׷˵ѾԼˡ
ֳһҲûа취ǿֻǷԸȥ˰Լﶼ͸ʥŮۿ
Ǳ˲ֳ֪ȴָоЩֻʥŮһ۶ῴˡ
ʥŮһһҪ潻ʥŮӱضʳ˭Ҳû뵽ȻһĵӣԼһ̤͵ǰסȥ·
󵨣ʥŮ֣ȵ΢ģһλĵ̴ŭ¾Ҫֵӡ
ȴŷҹһۣ£кһҪԽҡ
ʱ泤ҲǰҹôʱҪǿͷʥŮŭˣԼ뱣˵ˡ


458 ֻһܶİ
ʥŮֻǿһۣû̾ͷŭҲ΢΢ֻϣŷҹĶܴʥŮĻԼĿҲﵽˡ
˵ҹΪ˻飬һʥŮõѡ
ŷҹȻгԼȻıˣ褿ΪһϳԼ
ʥŮ뿴ŷҹǰһֻ֮ң˫ְϣΪ˼ҹȻֻһͨķںҲ룬µ£ֻʥŮһܲ͸еİһҪ͸ʥŮ
Ŷ΢΢ݡ
ϵ£ֻԼһܲ͸еʲô
ٱӣ˿Ҳ仰ˡ
ոǸĵȴһЦҪƨļһﱻʥŮһ
ĵȻû˵Ҳ޲ŷҹЦʥŮôðͽĻЩѾͽˡ
˵ȻǰҲλʥŮֻһΣӡʥŮһֱֱӣЦ֮ͽ鶴ˣǵڶΣҶ˵Ƣԡ
Ҫ˵ŷҹողŽ뾫ӢûļһܵõʥŮͣһٸš
˼ҹ˼ҹ褰ﷴۿţȴ˵ֺرҾȻϤĸо
ָһ̵ŮӰ֮ʱǻһ£Щ˼ؿǷʲôҪһ
˼ҹ˼ҹ
ﷴ߶֡
ŷҹǰ˼褵ģ˼褵ʱģ褾ǰӽ˼褵ĻǿҪ褺ڶĵӶǵϷʥŮˣ̾Ͱֻ˼ҹ
ԼǶУע⵽ӵر֮
Щٿͼ֮ϲϵóԼĿԼӽġ
Һϲڵͷ˵ȻɫǺƽƽʥŮ˵ԼϲĻѾĶˡ
úá泤ϲ⣬ѡе˰ĮʥŮĶ⣬Լ۹ǺܲҹõʥŮʶΪĵӣҲһҹ㾫µĶǵõʥŮʶģо޴ĽŬ
ĵ𣿡ͻȻЩʵ
ʲô𣿡泤ʵ
Ϊͽ֪ǲǿԣͻȻʵ
泤һʱûзӦ⡭ôһ
ʥŮҪͽ˵ʥŮѾǻΪһΪûУƾ֮еĵλټòܵͽǾǶôĽһ鰡
οʥŮûͽܵģǵһӣпΨһһӣպ϶ᾫĵɶʥŮ֧֣֪ӣպõٵԴˡ
ЩԴ˵ŷҹͨͷҲһܰΪҵȥٽһҲлܴﵽġ
ڵĻ񾳸ֲֻ࣬źͼλĳϣ֮ܳһ񾳵ĻһŻλ֮ʱž޴ľ
һӴҶԶˣһ˭ڲ²ˡ
µ£泤ȴû㶵ʱֻ̫һ֮󣬾̻شȻǿԵģʥŮͽǴ£̾ͱ֪˵Ҫһʽ
ˣ˵һ£һоʹӼɣ˽褿ŷҹһۡ
ӳҹŷҹæ˵
ţҹӴ֮ҵĵˡ褻ֵ߰ɣӴ֮סҵı
ʥŮһԼĹģŷҹĵӣȻҪҲסڱ
ⱾǺ飬ΧĵӿŷҹȴһҪˡ
ʥŮһһľŮһסԼĹȻ˵ͽܣ˻ǾЩĿ֮еŮ
Щ̬ʱ泤ȴǰԸˣһжǰǵļƻߵİֻҹǻ飬ȻССһ״ʥŮҲû뵽ġ
ҪץŲУǵĴ£ɳˣ
褵ĺڣŷҹҲû뵽ֽȻ褵ĵӣ
ȻǼٵģҲǺӦΪ˷Żִġ
ʦͽһպһʱͻˣһҲǺ飬ĻҪ뿪ҲֻǺɵ顣
̫ݻһǰ־ʯŮһֱͨţŮӭŻʺݵһ
ŷҹһ·򹬵֮УŮ̾ӭæ׼Ҫһ
ҹŮʪʥŮϣΪҿֻʱ򣬻һֺϤĸоϵͼǺʲô
ŷҹ۽һΪ褲ҪټװʲôȻԼЩͼʲôطѵԼסĵطִԼȥҩ԰Ҳ벻
ʱѾоһЩԣ褲ϵζӣһеһжûƺĿ滭ʲôѵʧˣ
ʥŮŷҹװԼ˵
ʧˣûа취ϳԼٱ¶ٱ˷ˣǿɾ̫ˡ
ڵʵȻѾأԴɱķЩˡ
ȻһҲȫˣ褻᲻ߣǾһˡ
ȻѾǻ񾳣˹ȥֻΪԼһ·˵ӣ˵ʱ򲻻ΪԼԼͽء
ҪʥŮˡ˵ţŷҹΪѾϳԼǽ˵Ӵ֮ͽʦɣ˵һ£ҸоҸͼǳԵˣҲʮƣַֻκ֣Ҵûм·ѵһЩ𣿡
ʥŮʦȥ֮ʲôط𣿡ŷҹʵ
ӡ֮Ӧȥģֻ벻ˣܼǵõĶӣ֮ǰ׷ɱޣһЩˣ˼䣬Ҳ˵޹ؽҪĶҲûмȥָǽҿӵʱ򣬸оҷǳԵǲ֪ʲôԭ򣬻˼ҹ֣֣Ҳ˼ص
طȥһƯĵطԵӾطķ羰ˣӣû뵽ʥŮϲŷҹֻ˵ˡ
ЩףӦǽʱΪʧȥĳЩ䣬ҲԸǰĵʥŮһҲԼΪǰģȻ뿪Ĵ㡣
ģȴ΢΢һüͷ˵һֻܶϤܣʲô
ŷҹһʱʱô˵ֻΪ褵ע⣬û뵽ڳԼһ


459 
ҵľʲôأʵЩ֣ܾطЩԨԴȴôҲ벻ˡḧŶͷ
ʦ㻹ǲҪ취ҵھУֻҪټʱգ˵취һЩҩʦָû׷Ǹص飬ŷҹҲæ˵
Ŷ޲ߣҲûбʲôϣˣֻڵΪǽܿ죬ѾоҵΪ͵ΪֹˣнҲһֵֺĸо̾˿ҿڶֻ۾һϤĸоҲһֻϣպɾͣҪΪʦһֻһ񾳾ֹˡ
ʦģһʧġŷҹ˵仰ʱȴӻôˡ
ţҸոͻƻ񾳣ҲҪΪЩﲻָΪʲô֮ϵ⣬ҶΪ𡣡褷Ը֮ϵĵطлĻٴȥһ°ɣһЩʲôġ
ǣʦֻҪʦԸ⣬ʱʦȥŷҹһ褻ЩӡģֻΪźͳϣţԼʧ֮ǰ״Ż
褻֣ʾŷҹԼȥɡ
ŷҹҲûж˵ʲôھԼ¶Ҳܱ֤ʶԼðա
ﷳ֮£ûֱȥŵסһ·˱Ĵš
ո߳˴ţͿ泤һѾ˺ܾõӡ
ҹǳˡֳһŷҹ̾ӭȥȴ±˾һ
ֳϡŷҹһ㶣ҲȷЩɻ󣬡ҵʲô𣿡
ǺǣûйϲΪʥŮĵӣص￴㡣ֳ˵
лֳˣн죬ҲǶֳ࣬ȻĻҿ»ֻһССŵءŷҹЦֳϷģֻҪõĶֳϷԸһհġ
Ǻǣҹ㲻ÿΪѡ˲ţǱִ³ϵӦģ˵нĳɾͣΪĵӣֳΪʥŮĵӣԼŬģϷҲû̫Ĺϵֳҿ˿ûµĻȥҵĶЩҪæ
ŶŷҹˣֳܵԼѾЩˣԼȥԼĶǸЩ֣ʲô˵𣬡ǺðɣʦѾϢȥɡ
ŷҹҲûоܾҲҪ˽һЩɵĻ
һУת۹Ѿ˼ֳϵĶ֮С
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ʲô飬ֱ˵ɣ֪ʲô԰ϵģŷҹʵ
ֳӦҲʲôˣҪȻҲʧȥ˰ŷҹҵˡ
ҹʥŮΣŷҹ벻Ǽֳʵȴһֵ⡣
˵ʦôʦŷҹɻ󣬵Ǳȴæҡ֡
Ǻǣ޷˵ĻᴫȥҲʲôֻ㣬վһ˵ĽǶΪʥŮòΣֳٴʵ
ŷҹȻһ϶Ҫ褲ɣĻǵҪ֪ذ϶˲ɡ
ȻԷһ񾳸֣ŷҹҪɱ˵ĻҲδؾһҪսڵݣȫԶһЩεɱֶΡ
ʦǣڴ֮ǰҴûм˾ɫŮŮһ㣡ŷҹţȴ̾
ǺǣˡֳЦϷ˵Щûб˼ʥŮɫȷ˼伫ƷڱǷ֮һܴɵĻպڵԴ֮ϣʹãҲȫɾͻ񾳣һʥŮĵҪҫٱ
Ŷʲô񣿡ŷҹһϼһǸ϶ʲôˡ
ʥŮ㶯飡ֳЩص˵
ŷҹľһ£Ϊôôһֵ
ʵҲûʲôֻǿʥŮЩøУҲܽӽʥŮеӣʥŮòŮӣˣЩ˼ѵû뷨ֳƺ֪ŷҹ飬ʱЦʵ
ӲңǿǵӵʦôҶʦзǷ֮룬㡭ǴǰУҲаŷҹҲ֪ϼһǲǹ̽Լֻܼװֵ̿˵
ؾţϷ˵ǾܣǶֳ̽ȴǽ˵ϷԷģ֮£ʵÿ仰ʵպҲԳҹκ׷ΥϷħ֮С
ŷҹüˣʲô˼һӣȥɵʥŮǲɵĳ
ѵ泤ŵļϸҪԼȥڵʥŮ㶨Ȼڵ
ҲڰôûʲôãˣԶʲôĶ̫أǿҲֻڱ棬ҪĻʵֻҪʵǿɳʥŮͽ˽ͨʲô֮ĳ£Ҳһ˼ɵ顣
Ӱ죬ǻ˵飬˵ԼҲܸʥŮ˽ͨأ
Ȼⶼŷҹ󣬾ŷҹҲ޷֪
ˡ飬ʵڲ֪ȥŷҹȷ˵
㲻üžܾʥŮĵӣദվ飬ֻһ̬ȣžԲ׷һ㣬ʥŮԣǾʥŮ֮Խ֮ףֳ˵Ҳʮɫġ
ֳ˵Цˣ鱾ǻôܶʦзǷ֮룬ʲôʦġŷҹɫ
ֳһʱЩ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãԼҲЩˡ
ҪñȥʥŮֲܶʥŮԽ蹴ʲô
ֳûбĻǵӾȸˡŷҹżֳһֵ
ǺǣǾ˰ɣҸ˵飬㲻Ҫ˵ֳ˵
ϽֻǸѣʲôҲû˵ŷҹЦЦ
ֳ΢΢ͷ˵Ȼʡ˺ܶ鷳
̸ЧҲЩò⡣벻ŷҹһԭˣǺ£Ҳǻ¡
ȻʥŮʲôԽľٶʥŮ飬ֻҲʲô׵顣
ŷҹ˵պעⲻܸʥŮߵ̫ˡ
ֳЦˣСҲǸӣֻҪɲϵʦͽһĿռ䣬һǸҹСӵĻ飬ѻ
ֻҪʥŮ飬һоѾɹһˡ


460 ҩ֮ı
ŷҹôҲ뵽Ȼһ
˼ֳϵĶ֮Ҳһֱ˼ţ⵽ôһ£ؼ̫ϳˣһܵ顣
ԭŷҹ뷨һ֮󣬱˷ҩʥ壬϶ڶҪӶ壬Ϊܵ趼пܡŻἱѰҹ褳ʲô顣
ڿȷǱ˷ҩʥ壬ȴûбκ˺ɸǸһʥŮţһֻʵʵĶΪʲô϶ҩʥйصġ
ֻôҲ벻ʲôֻܾˡ
ھ褵ߣֻҪκεΣգԼܵһʱ䱣
Ҫ褶ŷҹֵ飬ҡҡͷΪ˭һʧ˼䣬ȴǰż־Ůٴζ顣
ʵ֮ǰԼ飬ҲһżȻ飬һζЩ̫ˣʱŷҹȴѾûѡ񣬼ȻڣֻһһˣһҪ褵İȫȻﲻͰ
ףǲǳҹʦ벻ﾹȻܼҹʦ֣ŷҹڱ˼űķʱͻȻ˾̾ȴǼͲŮӣһĽؿ
ŷҹתͷԷ΢΢һЦҲֻͣǼűķȥЩŮӴĽʥŮ״Ӱɡ
֮ŵӣӢӣĵӣЩȲ洫ӣ˶ֻܴӴѧϰһЩĹܣ״ӣȴԼרŵʦŷҹʥŮһ̵
һЩӶĳϣҲһרŴڼˡ˵һȻڶ࣬Ǻ֮еĺģЩ״ӡ
һܳΪ״ӵģպɵĶôҲڼ֮ΪҲǲܵġ
ҹʦôˣȥأѵҪɣŮȴǽĵظŷҹٶȣҪ࿴Էһ
λʦȥȻŷҹǺŵģ״ӣЩ˼ߵ̫࣬һʦã㹻Ǹˡ
ȥҩȲһЩҩҹʦأһ𣿡λò毺õŮӴ˵ϵĵʱŷҹı
֮УЩŮ㣬һܵ飬ŷҹȴûȥЩֻ΢΢ȵôȥҩ𣿡
ʦ֪ڵʱ仹̣ҩҩĸ෱࣬һЩûеĵرҵֻǼøɽЩҩϲܲժģֻڹȥǸŮӻӦ
ԭˡŷҹҲȻȷЩҩֻժһ⣬ҩЧҪۿˡ
ǵıְҹʦһܵʥŮʶͺˣҲҪʥŮĵӡŮЩϧ
ǺǣҲֻһЩλʦӦҲлġŷҹҲֻô˵ˡ
ЩһЩӢӣûĻܳΪ״ӵĻᣬٷ֮һ
ʦ֣ҩҪǸ׼ʲôҩ𣿻õĶҩأǿԸһժһŮ˵
ǾͶлλʦˣҲ֪ҩʲôҩģǲ˵ʲôˡŷҹ̯̯Ц
ƩʦҪʲôҩһֱȱҩģҲȥҩ￴˵ҵءŮЦ
ŷҹͻȻһѾһ䣬ȻûΣգΣҲԼĿɿطΧ֮ˣҲʱҪһѩ飬ȪҶڶûҵǿĵرȻ磬һҩɣǲҿ
𣿲֪ȪҶûУŷҹʵҲûָһʾС
ȪҶеģֻӦֻһ꣬ҵʱʦֿһ°ɡŮӽ˵ҩĶǷǳģһ㲻ժ𣬳ʦһҪС
ǵȻʱҾ˵ΪʥŮҩõġŷҹɫ˵
ʦָһȥҩȰɣҲûʲô˿иŮ
𣿡ŷҹҲЩ⶯ҪǶǻȪҶҩıȽġ
ֶֻҪˣû˭᲻ĵġ
Ǳ˵ĻȻǲ̫㣬ǳʦ֣ٲ㣬ҲһеˣʦպһҪʥŮǰ˵ЩûлĻҲҪʥŮĵӣǾ̫лʦˡһòòŮ˵
ǺǣһᾡġŷҹЦЦǴӦƮƮȻһ˵ʲôǿǾͲ֪ˡ
뵱ʥŮĵӣĶôףЩֻŮӣҲе̫쿪ˡ˵ŷҹǺòײŵõ˸һĻᣬøĵӸ褽ӴĻᣬûа취褵һ
ⲻǲ⣬ӷб褡
߰ɣʦ롣Ůһ̾ʮָˣŷҹһȥ
ЩȻΪ̫ߵУûģĹ򣬴Ѿһɽȵڴ
ŷҹ￴һֻۣأʲô
з󱣻ŷҹʵ
ǰҩȵڣȻҪ÷󱣻Ȼ˭ܽҩȡҩģǿɾ˲ˡŮ˵
Ҫôأŷҹʵ
ʦֲõģǸ߾ͺˣʵһֻҪ߶ԷλĻͲġŮǶЦʦһҪǣȻ˿ҪԿͷġ
Ŷ滹лص𣿡ŷҹʡ
ȻһЩģ̫ԳʦֵΪ֮󣬾ߴˣ߳Ҳʲô⡣ŮЦ
ǽɡŷҹѾЩȲһߴŴһǰߡ
ãһɣʦںáŮһ뷨󣬶ŷҹںš
ֻһǸ֮תתǰŮӸˣŷҹȴҲҲ·
λʦãŷҹҲţǴ
Ǻǣ㻹ҪŴ߳ȥɡһݵЦ
˭ŷҹ˵ʱѾ˶Էӣڰʱ򣬾ŷҹȥйõһĵӣǣͶˣԭ㰡֪㣬ҪѺ
ߣСӣΪֻһ˶㲻𣿡˵֮䣬ֳ֮һˣҲһĵӣȥǵΪࡣ
ټһ᲻Сŵһӣһ˳
֣Ҳŷҹ΢΢Ծһ£ҸƺҲûʲôԹɣǵΪʲôҪԸң
ǺǣֻΪ̫ţһССŵӣȻ͸ǵķͷΪʥŮﾫ׼һ࣬ΪʥŮӵģȻһڲŽ²СӣȻԼ֪ʲô磬ֻý̽ôˣЦһ˵


461 ƾͼ
Ǻǣλ˵ǸЦ˼λķͷΪʥŮĵӣҪɱǲʥŮ֪֮󣬻һɱΪұҪ֪ҿʥŮΨһĵӣɱңȻŹǡŷҹȴһҲ£Ҫ⿴ƽжٵΣպı
һסǹЦţҸںĳϣҲǣǶʥŮźܴϣģû뵽ȴСӸˣɱˣʵͷ֮ޣ˵ʥŮΪ㱨һͲܵ飬ʥŮҲҶǱĳϵλӶοһʧȥʥŮʧһΣѵʧһΣ
ʲôʥŮʧ䣿ŷҹװȣΪǳ¸ĻʥŮҲֻһŮӣ֪ķӦ
̫ϻˣʦ֣һɱСˡһ˵
Ǻǣֱɱ̫˰ɣҿһѪɵҩʱ˵ܳһ¯ҩءĵҲЦ
ţⲻ˵ʿҩҩƷʣǾԣǲǿУҲһҪһƷɡǸ˶ǹЦ
СЦҪˣոǼҩȲҩʦˣ˵ѾŻرˣҾͲҲЩ֮Ӻ֣˿ǵΪŷҹ΢΢Щ
СӻûпڵͲʲôҩȣǼŮӲϹģ㾹ȻҪǻȪҶ⵹ЩˣǲǶҩѵҪʥŮҲŮʦЦֿ֮ʼ͵ķΪǰװײõ𣿷֮еᱻκεĹӰӲ֮ⷨڣΪ˰治˷֣ǿǺķмʯģ𣿡
⣬⣬൱⣬Ǿһȥɣŷҹ˵һ仰ʱϵƶȻ
صΪת֮䣬Ѿأϸ˵ѹȸУȻǰδеģЩ񾳵ѹСЩʲô
ãСйŹ֣ǴһҪܣѾоŷҹܶԸģǵ鱨ֻд󣬶һúס
ܣܵȥΪ׼壬ҾǵϰɡŷҹһЦЩɱˣȻ顣
֮ͻȻḷ́ЩƣѱķʱŪһƬڡ
ǼҲһ֪ô£Ҫ߳󣬸ǸͲˡ
ôҲߵ·ĸоǲǺŷҹȴЦǲð׷ĻˣǻƷʯɵģѾΪãһЩ⣬˾Բ֪˭ɱǣ
㡭û뵽ԼȻԵ˶ԷһʱЩ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
㾿ʲôˣȻһǲˣһĵ
Ҿǿ˭ˣŷҹһѾǸĵӵߣʤаһƬȻӰһ˵ĺȥ
ǵҲߣһ֮̾˦һŷ
רħϣʱǷá
ֻϧ˲䣬ʤаĽ⣬ѾһļϣɲǼ䣬Ѿ޴аȾ
ͨ
һڵϣͲҶֻоһɷа˳֮ҴڣԲע⣬ͿܳΪһɱ¾Ŀܡ
Ǻܿͻһˡŷҹ˵һ
ҹҾһսǱѾŭ
ӸոյҲԼߵѾ⵽شҸŷҹ棬߲ˣֻܰŷҹˣܳȥȲغ
ԸɣҾҺΣŷҹһͳǵǰǴʱһĵӣʵҲѾŷҹƷˡ
ʤаӶһɫŷҹĽ֮γɣ˦ּǻɫоȥ
ڤͻȻԼһŵҩΪƺڶʱڣͻȻžͣͬһת۾ͱһصĸ֡
ԭΪҲضѣһŵҩһطȻ磬ȷ˾ȡ
û뵽㻹ֶΣ⻹ԶԶŷҹŶԷӳսҲ΢΢˵ͷǻǲģսϱˣҪǿ˲٣ǱȴЩ㡣
ڣ
ͺһ޽ѾŷҹУѾڽͺޱȣ˿̱ŷҹʽһעУʱͱøӾ޴֮䶼ſٵصơ
һʽû˿ĻڣֻǼ򵥵һǸոϱһŹâȴ˲ͱŷҹһ״򱬡
âɢȥǱüΪǱͷɢһһ
Ǵ˿Բ̫ţŷҹӣһܣҵڤôܻȲһصĵӣԲܣ
ʵֻΪأǺŷҹչֳַǷƣҲһΪŷҹʤ
ѹ׾УⶼʤŷҹĻǾûκΰ취ˡ
ŷҹ㲻ɱңҸǺĳϣҲҪɵ֣ɱңֻʥŮ鷳ҡҲһķӣ˲ʼŷҹģҲ϶ǼٵģΪ϶ǱͼֻҪϷңһ㱣ܡ
ŷҹȴǴЦǿЦ㾹Ȼ˵Ϊұܣôܻ㣿
ǵɫһҲ֪Լ˵ˣȻŷҹǼðͼıʲôҲ˵˳¶ô
ǲ˵ܻҲǲܵģһѾɱģôҪɱûʲô͵ء
ʵҲһֻҪܰŷҹɱˣǾһҪɱûκεɿɽ
ŷҹǰǶɱˣҲһ߲ڣɱǣһʱܿͻᱻ֪ܲģҪˣǱķ򶼲Զ˵ЩʱѾڼƻôˡ
Ϊҵ治֪ѾˣҿŲľ룬Ӧĳһ쳣ĻɽԼҲﶯ֣Ϊûаڻɱ֮󣬲ԭϢԲŻǼŮνҩȣķһʵһͷֻһʾѡŷҹЦΪϵǼŮ˵ֻһʱҾѾڻˣֻҵҪ˭ƭôԶɱңֻܹԼùˡ
㡭㡭û뵽Լļƻ类ʶƣǱԷˡ


462 
ŷҹҲûлôһ󣬱ϾĵʯҲǷǳģŷҹҲòš
û뵽Ը⻨ʯѴ£ֻΪɱôŮӣԼȥҩȲҩġ
һжˣŷҹҪɱǣֱ練ƣ˭Ҳˡ
ҹ˭ֻҪ㲻ɱңҿԴӦκֻҪ˵ұȻȥ
ˣֻϧҲ̫Ʒŷҹ
ʤаǰһ̽ǵ֮С
ۡ
˿ش֮ǵѪҺȻû˿Ƶ˳ʤаŷҹȥ
ʲôŷҹҲһ¡
ʤаǰҲֻаɷ̫֮ʢһ㲻ʡñаɷϢմȾˡ
ԨĽ֮аɷҲ൱ĹЧԻʤаҲٵʹõˡ
Ǿڸոգʤааɷµı仯Ѿаɷŵ˵ΪԼȥͣ
ֱһִҩһֻҪԼˣǿ϶ǻΪģǻ᲻иã˭Ҳ֪
ҪǲҪŷҹûп̫ãѾҪһΪյˡ
ʼʱû̫³çֻشӶԷһƳţûʲô֮ŷĵ
㾹Ȼ㾹ȻҵһҲû̫𾪣ǵԼԷ޹˼ɵسȡʱؿ־Ҫˡ
ߣΣҲҪȡһͬ飬ҲһӲҳȡ³ŷҹݺݵ
ţŷҹͻȻоЩԡ
һ˼̾ͷԼȻܵаɷ֮ʴȻڲ֪֮䣬ֳȡԷķʽ˵һֺܿʽǶڽŵ˵Բ;
뵽ŷҹֹ̾ͣʽ֮ϴԼʤаԺܲõʱ򣬾ֻܾˡ
ȻԶҲ֪ʲôʱͰʴˡ
ҹңֻҪŹԼͺãһȻҵ½ƣͲٳֻҪһţôУҪɱңһǳ׷ˣԼԱԷȡʱΨһһǿҲˡ
Ǻǣֻ֪ʲô뷨ŷҹЦЦһӣⷨĺ̾ɢ˲٣ĵҲֳ
Ǵ˿ȻܶȴǲԶո˵ĻҲ˸˶ɫΪѿһԸŷҹģһ룬û뵽Ϊ˻ȻǰԼ˶ˣһʱȥȰһɱ˵
ǵΪǻҪһЩǷаɷϢڲϵʴǣҲ˿⡣
ȻǶѾˣҾʹ·ɣŷҹ̧Ҫɱ
ʲô󣬲֪ڵĵط𣿡ͻȻ˴һѾ洳˽
˵Ϊֻһ̾ͰѷҡҡƣôҲл񾳵Ϊ
񾳣ŷҹҲ΢΢һʱ˻񾳣ǿɲʲô¡
ϣǼϣϾ
˱Ѿû뵽һ̾һƬǷ׷ײڵаɷ֮ƴ溰Уͼ֮ǵ
ʵԷûнĻҲ˵ЩʲôҲΪʲôﲼԭ򣬵һУȫͲٴ˵Ҳ
ȥɣŷҹǸϽʱɱǵĻɾͲˡ
ЩѾ֪ʵʱ϶ҲһƬ鷳ŷҹڻ뿪ڣȻ濴ûʲôΣգ褵ӹҲʵдıƣԼݸʦ˳ɱҪԼȥʥŮⶼɵ㣬һСģ褿϶ᱻС
˸֮䣬ѾһɥŷҹѸٰϵһ䣬ֱ֮ǰɱǸʱӡ
ѾһڵӵҲٶ༸Լ󻹻ٻģжٵ¡
һ֮ÿŷҹɱĻֻϧҪ赲ѾˣӣȻɱڵӣ޿⡣
Ǻǣλϣƺ˵˰ɣڵĵӣҪɱңɱܹܲңѵҪ־ܣɱ𣿡ŷҹָһΧķ󣬡㿴һ˫ͷһڣ㲻Ϊһôı£ﲼ·ֱӾʹͽڰɣȻҸﲼ·ٴ͵Ҳ֪Щ˶ǹɱҵġ
ɨһۣȻ֪ŷҹ˵Ǽ٣ȷһͷ󣬰˵ŷҹҪɱ֮ǰ˵ĻȻһ˫͵ķ
϶ԷҲ͵ķһ˶ˣҲҪСֿԡ
ǵΪΪŷҹ߳࣬ԲŻﲼ˫ͷһ˵ĵصŷҹɱҲɱ֮Ѹٵطڡ
֮ǰ˵һ㣬ǾʵҲϣʥŮ֪£ҪȻҲô鷳ˣ˵ʥŮʧ飬Ϊôô׵ĻֻʥŮʧˡ
ֻһ֮ɫҲ̾ΣɱλϵĶӣҶưոݣɣ
ˡˣŷҹɲһ񾳵ĸֶԾûա
֮䣬ƲѾʩչ˼£˵ŷҹͲ߳ȥģǴһ̬ӰӣƮ֮͵˼Զĵط
ߣСҲڳǰŪһָɽңңŷҹķһ֡
֮
ŷҹ˲͸оסΧĿռ䶼Ǳͭǽһ㣬ôҲѲˡ

Ȼһ˸һƬ޵Ŀռȥ
顭
û뵽ǣҲ޷ͻ޴Ľ֮
ͷ·һ֮ȴһʵڵǽΣҲûа취ǽдйȥνֻ֮вǴԽκεϰ
ŷҹɫѿĻɾ鷳ˡ
ߺߣΪ񾳵Ľ֮ô׶ԸһСӣȻ͸ɱĵӣǳ֮ӣҲƳҩǾѵڵĳˡŭ˵
ŷҹͺһѾӦӻƶڳ
һ޴ĻΧȼţȴʼն岻ǽķΧССĽռȡ


463 
ŷҹһĻҲ岻ȥ֮ȷǷͬСɣҲúʡװ˷Ѻ
ʤа֣ո˵ײʤаˣҲòٳѽ
ԭֻѽǿһѡ
⽣Ҳȫնڽ֮ϣȴֱ˻ŷҹԼ˵
Ҳûˣŷҹʤаһ˳ȥ
ۡ
˭Ҳû뵽⿴ƼӲûĽ֮ȻʤаһƵǽȻһαյ˽Уһ˳ʤаŷҹڴ䡣
ŷҹˣһǾϲû˿ԥ̾Ͱ
֮Լˣ
ŷҹжʹ죬һ̾ƴԼ٣յٶҲǼ죬ǼϻûüѾԼĽ֮Ȼûˡ
ǺǡŷҹЦҲ֪Լʤаǻᱻаɷ֮Ӱ쵽ǻ޷˵ˣһΣҲûа취ټʱʽ֮ȥڵаɷΪĿǰļ϶ûбѹأ벻ɣ
СӣȻаŵĹҵĽ֮Ҳ쳣ȡ
һصСӣôôȻĽ֮ˣΪСˣŻý֮İ
Ľ֮ҾĻɵľͲֻĽ֮ˣŷҹЦ
лĻһöԷɵζ
СӣҾ㿴һСӣ֮Ĳൽж󣡡ŭһϵȼܵĻ
˻񾳵ĸǿߣӵн֮ͨģŸԼͨԼɻ棬ȥһƬһ㡣
Щƣ˵Ļ˼ϻ棬϶ҪԴģΪĻƷȻߵΪ̫ˣһ񾳸ֵĻ棬޻ȵġ
΢΢һ̧֮䣬תȦŷҹΧ£ȥȷǿ¡
ֻŷҹǳȥӲƴǿȲԷ£϶ΪԷˡ
ɻ棿
ŷҹЩĻ棬ͻȻ֮һ㣬ĬĬš
ŷҹ취ôȥᱻģ˵
û𣿡ŷҹʵ
Ļ壬ĻǿһЩҲ˵ϾңͲһˣֻ࣬Ϊֱ˺ų̈ףĻһӴʱͻᱻճɻҵġţҪߴŷҹ㻹ܣٲ߾ˣٶȣӦǿӵġ
ԷĽ֮ûʲôãһŷҹܵĻᣬĻý֮סٱ޾ĻһŷҹҲֻܱˡ
ǺǣǾ͸⻯ɣŷҹ֪ӣ˸ͲŹ
ɱ֮ӣȻݻûб¶ڱһ񾳲ϣҲһûа취ٻˣزȥĻûб¶Ҳһûð
ٶǲһ񾳣ԷٶҲþȥֻƴٶܵĻѶȿɾ̫һЩ
ŷҹǾҪƴһѣԼ񾳵ĶԾܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ȻԼеǣҲûа취ˡ
ʤаȻһתһγɣȥʤаķһ
ţСеŵֲӰɲĻͨҪԸƣǲܵġϵһЦ֮䣬ɻӰŷҹȥ
ߣСүĽӰӰԵɣŷҹ˿壬ûĽӰٿ̳Էһ޶شȥ
ۡ
ŷҹĽӰ̵֮ϣ֮һӰ̱ȼյһ̡
ȼЦһ£ͿڶӰѾŴϣȻǵĵ
ϵĽӰ̵˻Ӱ֮ϣӰֻ֮󣬾Ѿ޹⣬ĵӰʱ򣬻۵һϨ𣬶ŷҹĽӰȴһֱǰֱżϴȥ
Сӣ㾹ȻεͨҲûʲô˵ģ̫࣬ܳŵһʱѵҪһ񾳱ƴ𣿡˿⣬Ͼ˵Ĳʵ̫ˣͲֵȥء
Ϊģһɣŷҹ֮ѾʽεֶΣûһѾ޴콣
ѽɱ죬һûɹ֮̾Χǵصĺ·Ҫضһ
⡭϶⺮Ƹһȫûмʲô
˵ŷҹΣҲ̫һЩɣ
ŷҹ콣ûҲΪףΪûеﻯ񾳣ҪȻҲԣĵȴһ󸺵
ܼ̫ʱ䣬ҲֻܻûһΣ⻹Σһֻ񾳹֮ͨʩչȻĻڵʵ񾳵Ĳȷǲֲġ
ڼϰľŷҹʱѾ޴콣ͻȻ֮ҵСţÿСһ֣Ͼܸоǽϵһ֣С˸潣СʱϵϢѾ÷ǳֲһ֮䣬ԼҪֳĸо
һŷҹһ콣ն¡
Ϊ֮һ𣬷·һضնñΧĿռҲŤȻһġ

˫һ̧еķѸٱŵģ̾ٴȼҵĻ棬һЩԵøǿ󣬶һ治ԭڣʼҵתԼΪģγһ޴Ļ
콣ľ޴ͨ⸽մȾϵĻ̾ͻᱻɱ飬һ𣬺ʢҲҲ֮С
ƺתˣǼռݾϷƣڱŷҹռ˾ԵϷ硣
Сӣ㲻Ϊܽ˰ɣ㣬ҿܳŵʲôʱ򣡡˿ģΪ֪ŷҹţҲϱӳ㡣
˺ȥֵܼ󣬱һСŷҹѹһֻҪһ̾ǶԷڡ
㿴ûȵܷʱɡŷҹһЦ콣ڿУǻһնȥ
·Ļתɣһ콣Σ̾ͱóܵĳֿƺӰһ
ꡭ
΢΢һ֮̾޷˵նȥб϶£ֳ롣
ãҲû뵽ŷҹһȻôĻƿ
Ѹһһߣſһ
СӲöԸڵļҲòϡ
ԭСôҲһСӣ¶Էֻǲһʱ⣬û뵽Ϊ˲̨֪ףȴȻܰˣҲһ˵ˡ


464 ʥŮɽ
ôȥɾΣˣռ˲˵﷭ˣǿɾ̫ˡ
СӣѾǵˣɱλ֮ӣھ׷ĺǣҲŹġϻ֮һҲͣȻ·ˡ
ŷҹ񾳶ˣڻƶҲֵ
ǺǣȻǻ񾳣־ᣬηηע̫ĳɾͣҲ֪һˣôɾͻ񾳵ġŷҹЦЦʵܵģҲռһϷ磬Ǹ˵ټȥԿĿ϶ŷҹ˵ȴսȥ˵˵ĵСˣǻǿڰɣ
ŷҹˣмŮ֪أǿǰˣ㲻ĸӻȥᱻǷ֡ѵ
Ҳ˲ôˣֻǶû뿪һɱ˵Ҳ㡣ŷҹ˵
㲻˵ɱô𣿡Цʵ
Ƕɱһɱǣֲɵŷҹû
Ҳԣ߰ɣһȥɱඣ˷ţɱȤһ
ʵСһûɱʲô˵ģҲǶһӶѡ
ŷҹ֮ǰͿ͸֮Ƕ˴ͷ󣬲֪֮͵֮⣬ЩŮǳ˻ִͻ
ƿŷֻһת̾ͰٴδͻڵĽ֮أ˸֮䣬ıԵϡ
ʱǼŮۡ
˵ʦֻʲôôأ
ǵȻҪҩˣʦܸһϵȵĵҩҵΪͿһ̨ף뾫ӢӾˡ
ĿǳʦһС檣պĵҩȻ⡣
С㻹ǲҪˣûʦֵС檸ò绨Ӱǲĵġ
ʦֲУɻʦزǣ˵һңǳ֮ӣҩǲ˵ġ
˵ǸҹСӣ᲻ᱻʦʰ
ȻʦǿصǿߣǸҹֻأҲ˭ʦֵ·أ
Щ˵Ļһ䴫ŷҹĶû̫ɱ˿ŷҹȴһŹˡ
ֻϧʧˣλʦǣŷҹ˵ţһӷ̤
ЩŮӿŷҹӣʱŵϣ㡭ôܵóʦǲҪɱ𣿡
ɱȻɱŷҹЦҲӲͷ
ŮӸոҪУͼ֪ŷҹɱ˳֮ӣŷҹôǵóѣ˵ʱѾһôˣ˸֮䣬Ѿ˵ĸǰ
ոյȻ޴󣬵Ҳŷҹ࣬һͨԸһصĵӣǼֱǸһֻһƲѾ˵ŷҹӰ֮䴩ţһֻĺһȦ֮ÿӵ϶һѪۡ
ҪŷҹԸѾӻƶڳһڳĻһѼӶ֮Уת֮⼸ӾѾɻҽ
ˣݺ˶ˣǿٸ褽ȥˡ˷ܵ˵
ǲϲ褵ģΪƽʱѩãǺ֣ʵ褶ҲǺܺõģֻΪһֱǳĬԵԸԲŻȽƽһЩ
һΣ֮ط꣬úҲڶ׵˸оǳ׽
Ұ褵ߣ˵Ǹѡ񡣡ŷҹ
ǲеģҲ뿪ƶǵ֮뿪ΪͺѵõˣҰɣڵΪ褽£ҲﲻæС
˵ҲǡŷҹҲͷڵĺΪѾǻˡ
褶Ը˶ԷǺֻ褶һ׸
Ȼȥ˵ɣһеպƽϡŷҹҲûж˵˵ЩƺҲЩ̫ˡ
һҹû֦ڣڶһ磬Ѿȥŷҹ
ʦû˵ʲô飿ŷҹǸĵӵ
ʥŮû˵ģֻʦָϿȥ˵Ҫ¡ǵҲֻ֪ôһ㣬ֻʵشˡ
֪ˡŷҹţϵ鱻˷˰ɡ
ʱŮҲɱˣЩҲƻȻߣǵʱ֮⣬Ӧû˻ɵԼġ
ʦҵʲô飿ȻǼװݣǽʦЩϰߡ
ȥһ˰ɣǾȥϵǸطҪҵʧȥʲô䡣褻Դ˵鲻Ҫ˵г˵ΪʦҪȥն
ĵӣȥɽɱһЩҩ޵ڵҩĻܶ๦ЧС鵤Ժܶ˶ϲȥɽɱˡ
ȥĵط̫ԶһЩŷҹ治֪Ҫôȥ
һȥ컹˵ôص׽ȥǾһˡ
ŷҹתһ룬ߵóȥǵһ£ǻز׽磬һ褻ָ䣬˻ʲôڣֱӾԼˡ
Ϳڻ᲻ʥŮȥˡ
һ·⣬ߵɽŵʱ褶ɽӵҪɽҹȥնɱͷ𣬾ͺá
ɽĵӶʱԥ
ŷҹһȻôóȥģǰ˼άʥŮôҲֲɽĵӹʣ⼸ӾȻԥ洦͸ŲԾ
ʥŮЩܹܵ˵ģŷŭȴŷҹ˵ġ
תͷʱȴǼ泤ϳ֣ѵżɽĵӡ
ԭǼֳϣҲɽҪҹնɱͷ߼ޣ˳ҲһЩû뵽ЩӾȻʲô˼䵭
ʥŮˡ泤æֽ͵ʥŮ֪ϣλ֮ӻƶѣ˶֣Խһ磬еӲϳұⲻʥŮ
Ŷɫһ£˲ˣ˵ĻǵҴǣ֮Ϊβ˵ȴ֧֧ᣬҶʵ˷ʱ䡣
ʥŮ˵ǣҲǳʥŮһʱ֪ҪӦԡ泤Ѹٻ֣˰ɽŴ󿪣ʥŮɽ
泤ϲصģҸŷҹУʮվͻأൢ󡣡ʥŮͷ˵
һƣʮŻȻ˵ൢҲǵģʥŮŷҹһεĶҲȻ˷Ч
ֻʥŮһҪģҲ֪ðĳңڵĵ֣ʥŮϣɽͻɡ泤Ҳ
֪ˡ褿˶Էһۣŷҹʧˡ
泤ٿһۣŷɡ
ҹʥŮһɽ˵Ҫȥնɱޣ֪ȥʲôط˵


465 ٰ
ڵ״ԣʥŮ뿪ڵģָ˼䣬֪Լ׽ˣҲ뿪Ͼڴһ徳³ɾͻ񾳣ⶼڸģҩʥ壬Ծ鶴칩ôֽȴ˿⣬֮Σأ¾ڵĵӣҲΣգȵһ㣬Ȼͻڳ׹ˡ
ǣţ룬֪ҹǷʥŮ顣泤΢΢ЦЦ
ǺǣȴҲֹģⲻǹؼؼʥŮ飬ӳ̾һ벻ڣȴֻܰϣһŮӵĶ֮ϣҲǿ
Ųʵֻᣬ̫ѵã費ȡ̣ѡ泤˵
ǺǣҲգصҲãҩʥ壬ҶȻ˵ģֻᣬʵ̫ѵˣǴֻǻź̾һüȥˡ
ʦιߵôŷҹһ֮̾ͼ·ɻʵ
ΨһĵӣһǴɶҲ㣬ͻȻӦҲʥŮ߻ܾãﲢһ֮ء褻ͷһۣҾҪ뿪ڣٻص㲻ţԼȥȫ˵һʱ֮ɥˡ
ȻᣬҼȻʥŮΪʦȻʥŮȥһȥ˵ʥŮˣҲ˵ġŷҹЦ֮Ӷлƣһɱƾͻ飬ʥŮϴҲƵĶʥŮûһ
ţõϸҲûйϵٹ죬Ϊȹ֮ȫжϸ֮ϵ飬һоͲ˵ˣֻ㣬ԸߣǻصǸȥתͷŷҹȻʦͽֻһѣΪʦܾЩϤԲŻ㣬֮ҴԼȥҲ޷׷ҡ
ʦ˵ǣѾ˵ȻҪʦġŷҹͷ˵
˵СѾһ磬ЩǵˣǵĽ̸ġ˵
ŷҹͷҲͷЩǵˣڼӺͱʥŮˡ
ҲΪˣŷҹ˵褣Ҳûб¶ԼݣʥŮԾӡ
ɼ泤ϵ֪ǶʥŮ϶ͼıҪʥŮУԼ֮ǰһֱǿõĶ󣬵һ֪ԼǳҹǸһ磬褹ϵܷǳʱǿǾͲٶԼˡ
˾Ǹ˵һٰʥŮһεļˣǶ򲻵ѣŷҹҲ鷳
ŷҹҲܻɣ褵ϣ϶һЩٵĶȻҲҡڵ
Ʃ֮ǰ泤˵ģǸ԰ʥŮͻɵķҲܰٲ׽Ĺܡ
ֻЩŷҹûи˵ֻ˳˼·߾ͿˣһķչΡ
褵ļָòʱٿָԼݡ
ʦЩǵôãŷҹʵ
ô˵ڶҴһʱţҲ˺ǣǹǻȥɣǲʩֶΡ褴ݵ˵
ʧ䣬ԸҲû̫ĸı䣬ɱˣҲ뱻Լľٶ
ףʥŮôˣʥŮˣǸһַָǴʱǾȵط֣һֱǵĸٷΧ֮ڣûʧʥŮʱȻ֮Ͳˡ
Ƿɣɵ
ܣ״͵ķ⣬ôʥŮЦ˵
Ǽٻɽɣңġ褵û¶ȴѾƮ˵ĶߣתţѾǻ񾳣ҪˣҶʮ죬һ£ͻصڡ
һã˸˰һظŵĻҲ֣˵Ҫȥʮ죬ڳ˳һˣҪٸȥǲǾͻһˣ
ǣӵ̾ȥظţʥŮˡǼٵĵҲ֪أʱȥѹʥŮԾһֲǵΪʥŮŭˣȥ֮Ŷǡ
ֻ£ʥŮ˻֮󣬸ͲЩˡ
̾յϢȻЩʧʥŮڴȴˡ
ֻһոͻƵĻ񾳣ȻܸӦûķ׷٣ʥŮҩʥ壬ȷǷͬСɰ
褺ŷҹˣһ·ŵʱ˵ĵطȥ
ȻǵطԶһЩǼ֮˻Ǹϵ˰
ʦ֪ûСС֮ϣвٹʦĴ˵ŷҹ̽
ŶǲǾȥЩֵؿһŷҹҹܾ㲢˵ļ򵥣˵ҵĴ˵ô˵֪ԭݣʶң
ǺǣʦֻҪǵãҶûжˣлҵǸȥĵطٸһе࣬ҿԽκηʽҵļලŷҹ̹Ȼ֮䣬һ˶㲻ģһҡ
褵ãǽƬ֮󣺡㣬ڵһμʱҲ̾Ϊͽˣֻǡˣһжǵǵط֮˵ɣǻҪȥ𣿡
ҪȥϣĴ˵ҲҵĶԹûнŷҹЦЦ
ҲʮǱˣһ۷ϼһŪãʦҲû˸褵طˡ
ŷҹһСǼˣǶڸشˣҲһЦ֮
ãʲôԹΪʦ˽ˡ褿˿ŷҹ˵
ŷҹʧЦ֪褻ָ˼֮󣬻᲻ô˵ˡ
˲ڰĴϣżŷҹҸһ£֪֪ǰ﷢һ¡
õĻشһһŮӣڴߣųѵһҩʥ塣
ҲŷҹĿģΪ֪Լݵʲô
Ǵɻʵ
ŷҹЦ
ֲһֵķΣ֮ϣ̵ӦԼıӰɣʡ
ȷŷҹٵ
˭ʡ
ŷҹ΢΢һüͷֱ˵ϹĻ褻ûлָĻҪˡ
Ժٸ㣬ͻһУҲһʱġŷҹ˵
ȥҪˣ
ͻȻ˴˹ȥ
źܶ˶ҵķŷҹһˣǷʲô飿
㻹֪ǰ찲һǿ˺ܶ࣬Ҫڰռһϯ֮أȻҿˣ˼˵䣬ָȺˡ


466 Ҵ
ʦϢһ£ȥŷҹü˵
ɽΰһˣɱԪҳҲЩ֣ԪڸԼķ֮жֽţҲˡ
ǸΰҲǲֻԪΪҲûа취ֹˡ
ұҲˣȻұֵĻ˵ʼնź
ֻΪһ㣬ҲԼԹۣȥһۣܵĻһ֮
Ȼ뿴Ҿ͸һȥɡɫ䣬˵֮䣬Ѿŷҹһҷȥˡ
ŷҹЦЦҲӺϡ
ССİһڵĻ񾳸֣Ǹ֪ˣҲŵһӰɡ
ǰʱѾΧһˮйͨΧҵ඼ǸոͻʿһӾô¾Ҳ첻ɡ
Ϊ׵һˣøߴͣΪأһ䳤ֻǵнɳһۿȥ֪صˡ
⻹㣬ֻǳصĻʿ˵Ҳʲôֻǳ֮ɢ˿˿аϢԽһЩˣ̲סоһаϮ˵ǸԵˡ
ҼԪɣǸҲҸһսߴ͵ĺӽе
ֻһ󣬾Ȼûκ˻Ӧ˵ҵʵһЩҲҲ˵Ųӭսġ
ŷҹҲ֣Ϊ˿ȥҲصΪԪûмǴĻҲأԸռ̫ıˣҲ̫Ŀ
ⰲϾӪ꣬˵ķ˶ͦȥĻƺе̫һЩˡ
ԪҶصΪһսӮˣ̾ߣˣҵĵ̶Ӵ˶׳У㲻һս˰ɣǽ׳˼ؽкš
ȴûһȻǴŽգûκ˳ǰ˲Ҫֽ
ҳˣŷҹȴǿףԪڻңû˵ĻʱһӭսˣԼǸҲһᰴ಻ס
ȻֻһأԸң޸֣صǿҲǿĶ֣εġ
Ҳûг棬ɼĳ˴£Ԫ˻ˣѾȫˡ
ֿҲȽСϾﾭӪ꣬һӰڰĻҵٵһµĵط¿ʼȥֱ˵ĵ̣˵ķ룬ǿǸյ顣
෴ڰǵ׻ЩҪֿһЩһЩҺҲӦöһЩϾһҾֵĻ˵ҲδؾǺ¡
ûУŷҹڽһӵʱû˳棬˿Һҵ
ЩԣǷڴǰҺҵֻѾһվԪһߡ
ȻǰԪҪ൱Ĵʯ
ѵ
ŷҹͻȻһͷĪ׳ˣѾ֮ǰҺҺôǲŻ᲻֣
֮ǰΪ⻹пܣ׳ȱһ֮أָ㹻ĺôǲŲȥܰĵԡ
ΪҾûа취𣿺Ǻǣ飬ɲǲܶõģ׳гһһڵĵʱնĴϡ
ǴžǸɵģҲֲһնȥʱ˼飬Ժﵹȥ
ԵģҪ̫ϵڴѾնɼĴڳӰһѾ׳ĸǰ
ǺǣڿϳǸԪأҵļǸʲôҲҽ֣׳һۣ˲м
һҲʰˣϻȭϣȭΧĳȥơ
ŷҹһȭȴЩǿиɵĸо
ϾȻҲˣʲô飬¶ˣǸԪǱ˵øأԲŲս
ǺǣȻҾͳȫ㣡׳һܿȭķâŵһãֱϵֱնȥ
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¶ϵҲûаֳ⣬ֻһ˵Ҫ߽ҵĶѡ
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Ҳ֪Ŀ᲻ʵ֣ҪöԷ£µ˯ãֻҪΰһ첻֣׳һ첻İ
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׳⻰˵û˿ͣ٣һ˵Ԫȥ
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467 İû
ףһˣΰסԪ
㡭㡭ԪûпģǱûֱ£ʲô
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ǵһаĺֻҪմ˭̾ͻ˭ʴ޵϶ֵܵȻʱҲܹһЩˣҲ֮
ڱһץ죬ȴһҲ˲ԷȻһˡ

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ֻǿŷҹһۣȴ벻Լʶôһ
ŷҹʱѾıȻǲϵãֻԼЩѡټŷҹΪʱҪǿЩֳȴֻأȻǲ뵽ŷҹġ
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ߣһصСӣҲ𣿡׳һۿȥֻŷҹأʱм
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ǺǣΪ֮⣬ĸɵĵصʱ򣬾ץסõааӰ𣿡ŷҹЦ
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ȻԷŷҹʲôΪǵΪԷҲҶ֡
׳ûаܰŪֻҪŪɾڵˣҪ֪ڿǾԲǵġ
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Сģΰ׳Ҫ뿪ͻȻŷҹһ
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ŷҹȻǱŶԷҲʤаȻһǰѳĵײһ
׳һ˿ЦݣأŷҹڵӣֻأйƣԼ͵Ϯ֮£ҲһԸ
ʱԼСӸɱˣôš
ڵĵΣⰲҲֵͷߡ
֮һ죬ǿһ
׳˵ıȥȴԼĳȻնϳˡ
ô㻹Ǿһ̰ɣŷҹҲηӦʤаȻ𣬽žڽˡ
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ƾ㣬Ҳڵĵһ£ŷҹǺЦ㻹Զأ
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˿ֱĺ£û뵽ԼþôһˣڵĵӣѵҪչң
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ʱȥϸŷҹʱŷİˣȻŷҹżƣ˵ֹ֮䣬Ƕͬ
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ֻΪʲôݣѵ
ˣϴθҵһս滹ŷҹ鷳ɡ
ڵԪְûڣڹؼʱ¾ǸҾѣҲҪվŷҹһ߶ǲҲȡĻᡣ


468 Χ׷
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Щͷֻ֮γɣٿǱߣŷҹѾԷɱУиЦ͵ϮɱڵӣѾ㻹кλ˵
׳Ҳû뵽ԼĶһͱŷҹȥˣʱɫҲһƬѿ
ȻܿóŷҹʵǲСӵǹŹ֣ԼҪסûпܵģֻҪŷҹ뿪ĩվ͵ˡ
Ҳߣ֮ⰲ鲻͵ǰװ˷ʯһЧû
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Сϵ˰ɣ׳شЦ
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ȻǱԷˣ׳һ£ƺҲ׼ŷҹһҶôһ
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аգԲŲȥðաŷҹ˶Էһۣ߰ɣȥ׷ҵҪ׷ȥ
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469 ҳ
Ȼǿģ˵Ǿ׷ϣÿ˵̶ȶǲͬģһЩΪ͵ӵܺͳϣȺΪöȥҲֻ˸
λ׷ᣬΪʲôŷҹһ·ǳŵǵɽһǰЩԸҲ˳ܲߵóȥ
ܵĻŷҹֱӴһص׽ȥǾʡ˺ܶ鷳ˡ
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Ϊ˶Ըңһ๦䵭˵
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ŷҹһݣ֪Ǳű֮ĵģΪԷʵʵ̫ǿˣöûκεĽҿС
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ߣҲᱻκңڣǾţܳΪҩʥ壬֮䣬ֻԼκҪһɱҪ൱Ĵ褵֮ϣȴҲ˼֡
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˵һһվλ˵ϸԷһĹ⣬Ĺûɷ䣬Ҫһٷӡеӡ
ʱ˶ŵһҩ㣬ζƢֻһ¾;ĿҲκεɱ
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⻰Щ˵ҲֻһϻΪڽڤоʱҲһоˣⶫڲ֪֮ͳֵģؼζ˵һֱܵǶѾ˵
ҩʥ壬һ޳˻񾳣ȻǲСġ
Ϊһõˣ͸ӻо޴ĺô
ڵõҩʥ壬û̾ҵӸŮ˫ޣҪİɻ񾳣ɼҲǴŸ̡
ߣǻ֪ҳǲð׷ĻˣǶֱָֻ֮Ҫ㻹ûбֻ֪ɱ˵Ŀܣ˿̵Ԫᱻס˵Ѿ׼ˡ
ոʩչҳʱҲһƬģΪҳȻʩչʱȴ൱鷳ܵκεĴţҲǵһʹãԼһʱʧ󣬾͸˶Էɳ֮
һɱУϢʩչ˳ԷҲĵʱٲߣǿɾ߲ˡ
ǺǣʥŮò©һ⣬ڤûɱ˼ֻҪáڤɫ֮һ˿ǾΪȥһ룬Ҳ񾳣ԸһҲǴ´࣬ң㲻˵Լʩչҳװɣ


470 ҩ
ҳ㵱ȻףǴ˵ʥʥһֶΣԪĿɿ֪ЧҲʮ־˵ģҩʥߣŸԷʵ൱ˣֻҪһҳ֮̾һƬľơ
ȴһҳȻˣȴܲΪԷһΪԼҲ˲٣Ҫȫˣǲһ㣬ֻôһѣȴܾͳɹˡ
𣡡ֻһԪ
ֻһԷӡĴĿľǰ褷ӡĹ֮Уؾš
Ĺ˸𣬷Ѹٵţ֩ڱ֯һӵӣһγɣڽӡ
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ڤһ˵òǶҩʥ֪ĲǺܶ࣬ҴǴһЩĴ˵Ϣҩʥҳ֮⣬ʲô޴սһϢûУûʲôؿȥѯġ
ʵΪҩʥ̫ϡеˣܵһˣ£ҪʲôϣǸǲܵġһȷҩʥ壬Ҳ֪ôһڡ
˵仰֮һӾͱת֮ͻȻͱӰӣӰٴηֻӰ
ӰһģһÿӰظһʽƺͬһĿ꣬ͬһʽ֡
֮жʱ׹Ⲽҩ֮ҲŨϰٵӰֱλͻǰ˵Ŀ꣬Ҫһٰ˶
䡭
޴쳹ʣ˵İ׹⣬񾳶ûС
Ƭ֮󣬰׹¶˵ȥ˶Щ΢΢Ǳȴûд󰭡
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𣿡褵ɫ䣬ҪʶҩʥĻԷս
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ڤǻǿߣ񾳶˵ֱӵķʽǰѶԷһжԸٷ֮ʮŵЧģΪûʲôǲġ
Ե棬ħХħŷҹΧһƺҪûһ
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һʼõĻöԷȥͼӡǲʹãڣǵ˲òõĵز


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һŷҹ׷Ļһ֣öԷƺħ״̬ȻĻҪߣûôס


473 ɵ
ŶԷԶߣŷҹҲһ
ڤڿֺγڿڤ
ŷҹôǱڴӵϢ֮æǰסŷҹ
ߣڤߣҵҲãһǷ֡ŷҹ˵۵һѪ
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һΣŷҹΪ˾Լһͷ׷ӣ̲ס
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ָѸٵĽŷҹ˵Ѹپһ𣬶ʱҲһĹâ֮С
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ڣһжĿɿطΧ֮ڣҶһ֮ŷҹоԼ¸ӿһ
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ŷҹ˵ů⣬ʱҲЦЦԸ֮УǶһ˿ء
ǶģǱУȴһֱûֳģôȹȥ˵ɡŷҹҲˬЦ
һγҪ褻ָģڳûжãĿȴѾˣԼΪ˻񾳣ʤаҲһӽˣҩʥҲ˿ˣ˵ǸԲĽְ
Ϊһ˶ǻ񾳣Էеٶ˲٣ûʱ䣬˾Ѿڡ
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ݣֱʥŮĵ£Ǹҹŷҹɾ͹ܲˣ褵Ļ˵˭֪Ķȥˡ
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ߣʥŮҪҲԣΪһʥŮ֮ǰҲҪѵʥŮ֪𣿡ĵһλǴʥŮҩʥģҪȻҪŮôżŪأ
ôǰѾ鶴׼飬أ鵹Ķˣȴûкһڣôأ
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Ҫ֪ĻһʥŮţôһأôñռȡ
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ҵҩ֮Ѿŷҹںܾ֮ǰҾѾ϶ҵɷ򡣡ؿӣֻ˹ӡҵļ䣬ŻұԲںвҵɷֻܵΪˡ
Ǻǣԣܲ߳һܻ
ţȰ㻹ǿúöԴɷĻһԼɵĳϣҪһУǵĻҪ׼൱Ĵ˵ţϵѾͷš
ȻҲǻ񾳣֪褵ԪȻ˻òľͬʱҲڰûڣ治ȥȻĻôµõ䣬ҲΪ˵Ůˡ
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㵱ȻԼ֣ΪûˡŷҹЦЦһֻңңһƣ
֮ӼֱЦ֮ǻ񾳶ʱŻõʽΪԷƿڴҶǻ񾳣ý֮Ǽ˼
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ǴǰпܣΪõ褵ҩ֮ԼΪͻ˵һͻƷ龳ʱ͸ŷҹˡ
褵ҩ֮Ѿŷҹˣ褴˶ѾŷҹˣŷҹڣһЩ˲ݵ飬عͷôûеõΪҲûߣŷҹ
˵褿Ҳǻ񾳵ǿߣҪԸҲ˵ܾܵءǰǣھ͸ˡ
ᣬŷֵһᣬʥŮɷһġӲòˡ
ǺǣҵǺԽֻϧǵĽҶۡŷҹ˵
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Ӹ֮ŷҹֻص˰򸽽ɽһôҲҲκεٷ׽ġ
һѰҾǰʱֹȥˣŷҹҵܹͻ׽ķ
ŷҹֲ֪Ѽ˶ٵʯųɹⷨâ˸֮䣬Ѿصҩʦŵĺɽϡ
ǸӵˡŷҹٿһۺɽǸ޵׵£ȻѸٵɽ¶ȥˡ
뿪ôʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
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Ҳ֪ʲôźڵĵӣѸǼﲼ˷󣬲һֱǲܽҩҵȴΪЩ飬Ѿֹͣˡŷٻ
ͣ˾ͣ˰ɣֻҪûСŷҹҲںЩСǮϾͻȥѵЩ鷳ˣ
˵ţŷҹѾҶ˵绰
ŷٻιȴѶԷˣĪ˵Ҽ𻹲͡
ֻŷҹѾҶϵ绰Ҳûа취ˡ
Сʱ֮ŷҹѾԨϿգҪһķʽǼȻ˶۸ļſڣȻƵػˡ
һӽŷԭһʱ򣬾ͿȻǱ˲һ󣬵棬ȴżӡ
Ҳ˵˽ȥҲͬҪ⣬ҪЩˡ
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ŷҹ˭ŷҹ𣿡ӻƶҲһȥǵˣȻŷҹҪɱˡ


475 һ
Щһǰ˾ŷҹ̶ǴʧɫҲû룬ˡ
ŷҹһʲôϵԼЩΧ˼ҵļأŷҹĸԣɱǣֱ̫ˣΪ˰ȫΪá
ŷҹҲû⼸ˣֻǴһץӡ̱ץ÷飬Ų·ˣҲᱻӰ쵽
ĪĪŷҹȫɣŷҹ֪ﲼ·󣬵סЩ˵ģȻĪǡ
Ҳʸɵ˸ˡ
ŷҹڻˡĪ֣ȴĪ֡
Īأŷҹֵѵûн괫У
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㲻õģҲΪˣܴӦҲû⣬ֻһʱϡĪü
ȫһͲʲôŷҹȴҡͷ
Ů˻ǳƯһħŹĴˣһ˭򵥣Ҫô죿
˼֮䣬ո뿪ļӣѾĸֳ˻
ʦ壬ˣ˵ŷҹǵһָŷҹ
ŷҹ˴ʮͣƲСӣҲǴһŷҹ
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ǺǣȻúܣֻ㣬ҩʦһŵţǲģС̶£ʢ˵ʵ㲻ҪΪһССҩʦţ޷ˣҵҪһ£ҩʦȻҲɣҲֻǹҸֶѣֻһڿɲһȫλһλҲɵĶ֡
˵ʲôͿ˵ʡһ̫أûлǰ˵ˡŷҹһСһɪֻε˵һ䡣
㡭СӣΪĿ۵ġ
仰û˵꣬ѾΪԼĿˡ
һֻ֣һֻ֣ĺϣⱾǼģּǿߣƴӦŷҹһи״һסĺһԷȥֱӾͰѶԷնˡ
ûУǲ룬
ŷҹסһ̣˲͸оԼеˣһ˿һ᲻
еˣȻϷ֮أļˣһһϵȳһĲֻһˣʮںš
ңҲʮҵĳϡ
һһݣǷɵġոմȳǸߣŷҹץŵڵˡ
ŷҹԹ޳ΪʲôңŷҹץʶԷʮ˵
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ŶΪЩܵģǺǣ֮ǰôŷҹЦ˵֮ǰҲһڣţԲŲҴһ£Ÿҵ鷳ˣ
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ֻüҽһȻѾĻҽ
ɱˣҪбɱľЩˣȻˣһߣŷҹŭһ־ץȥ
ȭ
Լ
˶ǴһӭϣһȭͷһͷĹӰһǳն죬ĽҪѩ
ŷҹСģǶصĸ֡Īæѡ
ЩҲǱƵúˣԷȻǻиûеǾڵˣҲûаһֱȥʵûħıѾֲ֧ȥˣڿ˵ǿ֮ĩ
ֶҲҵǰŪŷҹЦһ
һƷסͷȥ·ָſֱӳͷһץһͷӰʱһۼûˣһĽ֮У΢΢ſָָһУüסԷ˽⡣
ȵӰɢȥʱ򣬴ſŷҹһץȭһּнϺϻɱУȻɳˡ
λ϶Ǵ󾪣ûŷҹôȻô׾͵ǺϻɱУֱǲܵİ
ǡ
ݳеĽͻȻϳأʣȻŷҹָϵġ
ݳϾȣǿһֳ϶ʱԼˤȥ
⡭Ȼֳϵֹǡ
ߣ°ɣŷҹ˵һӡȥ̰صĳס
صĳϲܶˣʣЩոĳȻҶǶҲȥŰ
⡭
һڵĳȻҲ֪Լվ϶Ҳǲʵģɴһ̶ȥǿȥˡ
СǣȻ̫ϳˣڡֳϽʵ֪Ϊʲô֪ħŮ˵õˣȴٳٲΪɵ̫ϳ϶ڱչ̫ϳϳأ㻹뷭ʲô𣿡
ŷҹЦֻҲ˵óڣ޷ǵС󣬲ңȵиˣǾаˣҵ鷳ӲҲˣ̸ʲôߣЦ첫֪УҲٿһ㵨Цˡ
СٳͿ֮ҲûãǷˣȻ̫ϳһҲûκλᣡֳȻӼУΪݳ϶ϵǽϵĿ֡
ǻûгԹѵŷҹ˳һҾǺúһտζɣ
ҲߣǱ֮ǰҪöˣԸûа취ܵ£ղҲöԷԸԵĿͷ
Сӣңٷ³ϣȻҾĻǣĥʮ죡ףõ涼΢΢š


476 һְܵ
ʵΧĽ΢΢ŷҹȴΪ̧ۿһϷһ۷ĳ
˿ȥһϣǰѷɽҲƷһ̵Ĺ󣬺֮Ϣ
ĸɵģʲô£ŷҹȻǰһ۷ĳϵ
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ССѾŵֵز浱ûи𣿡ŷҹХһᴩ񷣬ȴΧһҲûС
ֻվڶԷͨȴͻȻ۵һѪɫҲü
ֻһХͰѪⳤ֪֮̾Ĳ࣬²ġ
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ⲻܣԲܣ
ͨ˾飬Ϊʵ̫˼ˣϴûгֹôϳĶ
ô㻹ҪҴ򣿡ŷҹŶԷʵ
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ҲôĵӶأɵ̫ϳϰûж֣ѾˣԺʲô˵ģ
Ǻǣ֪˵òΪľһһޣеʮ궼ûдеֻһ¾ѾɡŷҹûЦЦⲻò˵ϳŬ֮⣬һֽ츳Ķ֡
ͨ˵ɫҲһһ죬ΪʱҲ֪ʲôɱ˵ʱģŷҹаҲ˷ɵӡ
ôҲǶԷһưˣԼռʲô˰ɣ
Ϸ㿴ʲôΪͨҲûкˡ
Ϊһɵ̫ϳϣΪߣһˣʹɵϸԴ֮ɵȨҲᱻصˣȻе
һĳͬʱһɹ̹⻯ɻ棬ϵȼš
ⲻͨĻ棬Ǻŷҹһ֮ȼյġ̫ϳҲ֪ŷҹöԸֱӾͶԼ
һЧĻҲͳˡ
Ͼȼܴ˶ֵĻֻ˵ԼԷ̫ԶˣҲûʲô˵ġ
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û뵽ǣͨ˵ôţһжûãѾȼıһϰ
ҲҪǿֶ˲ŷҹ£ôԵ䲻Ͼǰ϶ѾŷҹãҪӮһҪӮƯܰɵ
ĿŷҹѾˣǻ񾳡񾳸֮Ĳ࣬Եƣټŷҹֱ̬ͱȱ˸߳ٵƷʣʤ֣ԷֱһᶼûС
ȼյɫ棬һ޴Σ֮ͬʱͳֵһ㣬޴צŷҹͷץȥ

ŷҹֻǵһһǿĽ֮һֻ޴צ֮УҲûа취ǰ֡
ǡͨʯˣ֮
ҹĶǰȴû뵽һոͻżµŷҹߵǰ档
ʱŷҹ˵ģò˵һֽ츳Ķšѵǲࣿ
֪ͨԼҲûлŷҹˣΪԷֻһ֣ͰԵģҲûаַĻᡣ
ľȻŷҹĽ֮£ȫûʲô֮һ̶ûгѾΪ촷ۡ
ͨˣ˿̸ĿɿڴѾ֪ԼҪôˣܶѾǵˡ
޼ƣ
һ͸ӰͻȻ֮ʹĳ﷢ظŷҹһаͨ˵ľסʱ䷢
ͨã㾹ȻԷһоųӣйģ׽֮УҪΪġ
ǳһƻʱѾڹЦš
Ҳһ۷ĳϣֻͷȽ̣ûһŷҹԿͨȥǣŷҹڶԷעʱͻȻ跢һƣ̾Ͱѿʼͨõ
Ҳٲ𣿺ǺǣȻˣͲҪˡŷҹ֮䣬Ѿǵ͸Ӱһ
޴ڿγһԱߵ˶һѪ˳ŷҹˣȴһûб漰֮Ĳ֪ˡ
㡭㾹ȻѾң޼Щŭ˵һƻСӣѾȴװ֪ҳ֣ٽңǺƣ
ԼˡŷҹЦ㣿ҿûйȥ㣬֪ﲻ٣Ҫ˵ʱʼ㣬㻹ǰԼ̫һЩֻѡ
޼ȻҲǱŭˣܹ裬ȥĻ־ԼһʵڲŷҹĶ֣æԱ߿ȥ
ͨãʱΣ޼ʵ
ǸѾٲˡͨóͻȻ֮Щŵպ󲻵ŷҹΪУеӺˣҲκ
ǺǣͨãСˣȻȷѡҲֻøӡŷҹЦЦŵӶ°ɣֻҪǲŷҵңŷҹԲ׷췢һС
ŷҹҲȥ׷һӣڷӡ֮ݳ϶˳ȥ
ǸݳҲû̫ˣֻǽ˶ѣһ̫ϳͨöѾˣԼҲûʲô˵ģؾ͸ͨһ˵˱߶ϡ
ŷҹˣҼȻʵ㣬Ҳ͸ʵʵسϣǶħģպԲȥǸ⡣ͨ̾˵
ã߰ɣھͿ޼̫ϳϣʲôĸУܵסڡŷҹЦ˵
ڳڵˣһϷʱ̣Ҳѵʱ̣ÿ˶ǰԼǿ͵һȫ̫ϳһ
еڵţҲ֪ǵУǶԸǸ޼ͷӷң˳ڣҿһ棬ˣֻҪǲٸԣұ֤׷ǵΣһҪ޼׵ĻֻΪѣͨͨɱ޼ʮ֮ڵˣ͵ͬڸŷҹԣŷҹ˵Ϳʼˡ
塭
ڵĵǶɧš
ġ
Ҷ뿴Էʲô˼

һҧ˵޼̫ϳϵʮ֮⣬ҲûԶ룬ӲȥͷֻĵһС



477 ٻ
ŷҹʱѾвٵĵĬĬ˵޼ϵʮ֮⡣
еֱӾ˳սȦ޼ʲôϸ
󲿷ֵȴǲ̫ԣֻǰѾŷҹ˵Ǹʮɵľ룬Щӱ޼ϵʮ֮⣬ǶڰţոպãԼ̫ˡ
һ̫ϳӮˣҲǺˣΪǱվǸλð
һ
ŷҹһʱ˶͵һЩѾ˵ʮ֮ˣ̲סһʡû᲻ա
ܺãģ͵ҵĳͷɣŷҹһЩЦ
Ҫˣˡ
һոûôȴЩڵغš
ܺãٸһλᣬҪ˵ҲǻᣬһˣҪ˵ģ£˵ģͰѲҵĽѾЩȲˣŷҹЦ
Ӽеĵӳ϶Ѿ˵ʮ֮⣬޼ϵɫҲ쳣
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ҲЩӳǵСոյսǿҲˣŷҹ˵ʵʵ̫ǿûкýģŵ̫ϳͨ˶Ѿˣǻʲô˵ġ
Ҫ˵ͨ˸޼ϵΪڲ֮䣬ͨóѵųˣȻǣܵһɵ̫ϳϣĸǰߡ
ͨó̾͵ͷֻ˵ŷҹʵѾǿûа취Ƶĵز
޼ϻҪӲƴǿһһš
úúãϷ㿴ڵʲôǮСӣһ֮ɲҪڣΪûлڻģһһ㵱һҩСͯȻĻһҲȲˡ޼˵֮䣬ȴǴޱȵţǿĵһ
Ҫ˵ģڹģһҲ㵱һҩСͯҲһڤ粻ӣȻֻаһɱٲ󻼡ŷҹЦǶԵ˵ʱһǰ˵һɱ˲գ۵ħͷǲɱһˣƺǶԲͷˡ
Сӣ㵱Ϊ¾ûյ𣿡޼̫ϳŭһ˫ĳ
Ӱһ֮䣬Ѿ㣬֮߮仯ģ֮˴ˣ仯
ƣŷҹӣȴǲмЦЦֻ֪ƣҲ仯ģȴ˫֮ʵûзõҲһӰˣƷҲҪ鷳𣿡
ŷҹһӣ⽣Ѿֱ⽣ӰΣȻԷʶ֮Ƕں˵ȴǲ
޼ϸӦʱѾһĿƱ֮ı仯ֻҪ仯õ֮иͿĿ㶼ɱ֮䡣
Ȼ޼ϸʹﲻ̶ֳȣõҲֻƤë֮еƤëһ˿ԣŷҹżǧǰӽǿ߼ˣֱɼ졣
˵ŷҹΪͰûʦļ䣬ֻҪһȥҲʲôƸˡ
˵ʦļȻֻǻ֮µģǶţŷҹ˵ž޴;ģΪΪѾ˻񾳣ͱˡ
ƩոյƣŷҹļͻõóԱ˵޼ֻһζδļٰʽĵõ˾裬ŷҹһаհƸˡ
ǿļĺôˣžҲһǧǰϤԼļһˡ
һӰ޼϶ʱ˼˿ûҪЭ˼ʵҲ֪һŷҹٺˡ
˴Ӵ֮ﶼ㣬ŷҹҲŹŷҹˣȻҲһŷҹҪǵļ˰ȫպǵòˡ
ŷҹ֮һֱŵڶû˸ҶļˣΪһֱŵ˺µĳ̶ȣԸû˸ҡ
һŷҹˣԼߣļˣضһʧܵƷ
һ죬޼̫ϳϵУһŷŷ£ڳľ˶ġ
ŷҹȻһ⣬ŷʱҲ΢΢һ㶣ٻ벻㾹ȻֶҪٻʲôңΪ𣿡
ûãֻٻ֪֮޼ȴǷǳŵ˵
еķ޻ȼȼʱ򣬿ͻȻֳһ޴ĺڶڶҲ֪ʲôֲĿռ䣬вΧ˶غ⡣
ԭǸ벻㾹Ȼֱǿ߱ٻΪ𣿡ŷҹЦһ⵹ЩвٻģҲֻǶԷһ˿ͶӰһ˿ͶӰκεԼô
ڶ֮ͻȻŹâһӡ̫ͼߴӶ߳ʲôٻҵķ
ڳ޼ʦһŷҹСѾҩʦųڲһҲƱػᱻԵӲѣʦǰɱСħͷ
ŷҹƷҲ൱ϣŷҹʱĿ˿˿Ĳм
ҾŷҹŷҹһָԷƷûпΪҲǻ۷壬ıҲǸոѧ᲻ðɣǱǰĻһСһЩֻôһƷĻȰ㻹ԼȥɣʡñˣʧΪ
ôĵӣȻô˵ǷЦԴ̤뻯û˸ô˵Сӣǲô
ҵȻŷҹҲЦ֮ԸҸô˵֪ô˵ȥľ㣬ҡ
ߣҾ㿴ոơ˵һӡͻȻ֮ͱһضŷҹҲûжصĵص㣬Сӣ֪˰ɡ
СӡһŷҹɲƵĶ
˵ģԷǰǻܶγһЩѹֻһĻһôķ˵ֻͲ˵ġ
ʤаٿ֮ϣŷҹһѾ˿С
ȥŷҹθǵ޴ӰȽСǵŷҹһ̳ʱ򣬽ϲһССĺڶСڵ㲻ϵţһɫС
еıǵ޴Ӱرϡŷҹϵȴڸǿ
ˣ
޼ҲĿɿڴؿ֮еһУԼлʦƷŷҹ


478 Զ
޼еԼðʧͰʦķٻһǸŷҹַˣ׽Ҳȫ˰
ǵʱҲ֪ŷҹȻı£ٻʦвһֱΪΪûŻŷҹЭģڿԼˣ̫ˡ
ǸͨˣܿҲ֪Լٻ£ʾ뿴ŷҹı˵͵Խʯ
ŷҹǲʦĻҲʲôȻѿһǵʱҲܰôǰǼˣҲٻʦһǴƽֶѡ
ԼʧһٻŷҹŻһ˶ûУһֻϺ갡
ڵ޼֪ͨϼһȻɫһΡ
ⶼֻܹԼˣһʱ嶯Ҳˡ
ƣҲˣССôҵʤаأŷҹ΢΢ҡҡͷĿǸվںڶڵˣ㻹ǰһ°ɣ
ߣСӣгһգ磬һúõд㣬ڱͲСӾˣΪ֮ɣҪ䵽˱ϣ˵˵ķҪߣƺҪһڶٷص
׽ããĿռ磬ͨٻ֮⣬ƺҲûʲôð취ܹһˡ
ֻһ̤ǸͣŷҹȻҲܰѶԷôˣΪŷҹǲܽǸڶģһȥɲָոջ񾳵ܵ˵ġ
ʶܲˣٻֻǷԽĻǷ龳Ļ治ֱ̫ӴԽȥ
Ƿ龳ҲҪַ۷壬˿ռ䷨ˣпܴԽռ䣬紩Խ׽
ŷҹȥȴǸ˾ӵˡ
ѾˣΪ׽磬߾ߵˣȻˣһҾҪˣŷҹһЦѾٴγһ
ƶ
ⶫԴӵõ֮󣬾һֱֻ涫ҩʵһŹķһжŷҹ뻯񾳵ʱ򣬲֪ܣҲǵһóЧǻҪ֪֮
˵ķһתҪײڶŷҹȴ˷֮䣬ƶѾ˺ڶĶϡ
޴ȴôҲССĻƶҺڶ֮Уƺʲôƶչˡ
յ˻ƶ
ŷҹڶ֮пɲ磬׽֮֮ɶǲӲĶǲֱܱյġ
ƶȴ߲ܣֱ֮е
ŷҹҲˣʱѾ˻ˣʱΪʲôûпƶأ
ŷҹƶĽҪʱģոս뻯񾳣ѪĻƶҲ͵õ˽ĻģʱƷʵʱھôһʱĽڿʼҪָ֮ǰĲˣ񾳵ķϣ߻һ»ƶƷҲȴڻƶȸԾŵ
ƶǻƺһ֮ȻڻƺһѾ˥ˣǿԼеķܵõָĻᣬǺܸ˵ġ
Ŷûƶһŷҹɻ
ƶʤаһڻƶ֮⣬˺ܶķЩ񾳵ķעĻܿƶͿԻָһЩˡ˵
ԭǺǣ벻ķ;ҾͲˣҵķɡŷҹ˵һƶѾǵȥ
߶󣡡Ҳʮֻ˵
Ʊգ
һóʱ򣬻ƶĶһη̱Ȼתš
µķһתʹһֲתһ㣬ӵ޷ܵ
ĻƶҲû⣬Ҫܿغڶӻ硣
ܲˣȻֻȻȥ˵ܵˣıʵҲԵӰ졣
ǵǵƶһ˽ǰʱ̾͸о˲ƶϵķת·Ǵһħ㣬ϵǸͼţȻЩӶĸо
ã˰һæҪʩչʲôС
ǻƶɲǳԸɷģͼһתͻȻŨҵĻһΧ̵ƺ񾳸ֵķ
ŷҹϷ򲻻Źģţ㵽磬Ϸ޳˷龳һҵˣ㣬ҪѲϷ׷ɱ
Щ䶼ûа취ֹƶƬ֮䣬ŵĻ񾳷ѾŷҹĻƶˡ
񾳸ֵķԺĻҾͲôˡ˵
ǺǣԭһôðŷҹЦ㲻˵ܰѻƶƷʻָǰ𣿡
һɲܣҵļҲʼɶˣЩܹ֪ģһССĻ񾳷ҲȥҲֻṩһĻƷʣҪƶĻлǿߵıࡣ˵
Ǻǣǻ˰ɣûУﵹǲ١ŷҹͻȻ֮뵽һ
⻰һ˵ڵЩһŵɫס
ɣոջ˵ʮ֮ڲɱһһǸı
ˣѾӦǳʮɾͿˣ߰ɡŷҹЦЦְѻͷһת޼ϾͲҪˣҿǻвٵĶĵġ
̾һƬڣǶޱԼѡһȷѡڿҲᱻӵǸֵĶȥˡ
Ȼڻһ˲ˣǾǵ̫ϳ޼ˡ
ǸˣʧﵹУǡеģ̫ϳҲеģǱסˣҪûˣǿɾһȥͷˡ
ԣ̫ϳ㰲ĵȥɣԶģ
ŷҹһʱͿϣٸһᣬһٸԡ޼̫ϳϴʱѳӶˡ
Ȼ̫ϳϣҲ֪µĵӳǲΪŷҹģ˵ԼʦŤͷܣûܵڵڵӳһϣ
󻹲ǵñŷҹӵǸƶȥֽ˭վһ߶ȻһȥԼƽȥˡ
˵ˣĿ⡣ŷҹһӣǺ׶Է˵ĻĻթܳ˵ˣպлʱ򣬿¾ҵĸ󻼣㻹ǹԹԵرɣģҵĻƶһͣҼסˡ
Ǹƨסиƨã˭Զڱǻڻģ


479 
˵ŷҹҲһ˵ǶѣŹ޼ԭȻ˵ЩǸҪǣŷҹҲòһˣͻ³ÿһϴˣܵõˡĻǿÿˣǰôϴȻ޼ɵȥˡ
ŷҹģڵõʤаɷ֮ӲģӰԵһжĶøɸɾ
޼ɫһһͨһʱɫǻָһһֺ
ãȻ㲻ϸһĻֻƴҲҪƴһˡ޼⻰˵úףǲŷҹùˡ
ǱɣȻҪŷҹ൱Ĵ
޼ϿҲһ۷ǿߣһ֮ͻóߵӰֱŷҹĲͬȥ
ҪӣЩûü˵øԶĵӳؿԼ̫ϳϣŶ̫ϳϣۻҵطʽܡ
ȥţȻܡ
ܵõҾͲûˣŷҹָһ죬ԶӰץȥ
Ӱһץ֮£̾ͷ̣⾹ȻǶԷʹһ۷
۷廹ûʲôͨ޼ϾԼ򣬱óһ·
ûԼӰӣȻÿһʵһһŸһϢȥʱȫоĸģĸǼٵġ
޼һܣɧңڵǱߣŷҹĪƺŷٻǶվһģЩӰӣǳǵķ
ĪƻãҲΪ£ȻǲʲôȾǳһӰӴɱȥ
ۡ
¾䵶һնУǰҲɢˡ
ţ
ߵӰӶѾɢȴûһ޼ϾȻˣ
ڵĵӶ鸴ӣҪ˵Լ̫ϳˣӦø˲ŶԣʱȻûһŸ˵ĸо
ŷҹˣضٻ𣬵ʱǲöԸĪü˵
ǿԻħأǱ˾ͲһˣŷҹļˣЩҲûа취һֱŷҹػġ
Ǹ޼һ۷һֱţһصס
Էһһ֪ʲôʱͻĳλڳҧһڣָо̫ˡ
ǺǣҿֻΪ˶ѡŷҹЦΪ֪ԼӲԲŻԼߵӰǶ£ٴηֻһӰԸոյӰʵǰ˵ǿߵ
ʲôĪƴʱҲŷҹ˼Ǹ޼ûߣš
лߵĻȴᣬûлߵĻǿ¾Ҫһˡ
޼ȻԼֻð㾾ˡŷҹΧûжȴһҲġ
Ųһ壬õһеĻƶȴƮ֮ŷٻȥ
ŷٻҲֻ΢΢һ֮̾侲
ȻûǿĪƵʵŷҹܵȴǳκģܵܲẦǻƶ
顭
͵ƶŷٻסʱһȭűռͻƶˡ
ŷҹһ
ˣ
˷ܵؽе
ƶĻһαתȥһʢĺ컨ڻƶϡ

޼һȭ׻ǻǵϣȻñǵ񾳷ҪٵĶյ˻ƶĻ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿû˿Ϣ
ţȻֻһ۷ǻƶĻòѾˡŷҹΪ˵
˵ɣڵЩȴľսһ۷һЩҪǸոԼ˳ĻǲҲһҪյ棬Ǹȥˣ
߰ɣȻΪУǾͻȥǵɰɣҪ֪ǻҪһεĻҿɾͲôˣֱǵɣеһ֪𣿡ŷҹ˵⻰νǿˣȴûһ˾á
ʵ˼񾳵ķ£ԼﶼһЩСϺףĶһ龳ĸ֣ǻпܰŷҹһӴĻҲˡ
ڵĵǶΨΨŵŵˣһֻﻹһָǿʵȻǱŷҹѹţ׿ŷҹ˲˵ſҲռ˴ˣպĵһɣҲˡ
ŷҹЩҲôŵùɣĪƵ
Ŷ˵ǻŷҹЩˣѵӣ
ǲֻǸķôưոݣʱʲô龳ķǿɾ͸鷳ˣЩûõģֻῴ˭ʵǿһ죬ǻԥظɱ㡣ĪҡҡͷҲȷСһЩǺõġ
ҲֻˣҿȻǵĿħǲǶһ뵽ħɣȷһĺõطֻǶħŹҲһܵõôģȻҲҪħˡŷҹ˵
˵һħĪƾȵ
ô𣿡ŷҹʵ
ǵǣֻļ˶ֻͨˣһӽħֻǲ̫ӦɣǿһĻĪƼæ
ħĪȻ˽ϾħûŷҹĻĪҲܵõԼҲƿħħӱ˵Ӧõõŷҹ
ֻΪԼħŵѪԲŻԼŮռ˱ˡ
ǵ⣬ǰɣҲͬĻǾˣһ뵽ħɣҿҲһôħŵĵӶѾûˣֻҪһ˿ͳھͱһŰɡŷҹ
Ҳã㿴ŰɡĪҲûзʲô
ŷҹԼŮĹϵҲǿȻŮôϣǶôŷҹϢ֮󣬾ȥҩʦȥѰң
ԨȥһĪȥˣһһȥأʲôǲҲܲµõ
ħŷҹõģŮҲŷҹģŷҹҪһħʲôõġ
ħţŷҹ˵ֻҪһ˿ͳǾѾǺܲˡ
ŷҹԼ뷨ŷɽһ˵ԷڴӦ
̳Ҳݺ˰뱲ӣ⼸ʱ䣬ӴĽɽȴǱǴ뱲ӶҪöࡣ
ڵŷɽҲʶŷҹЩͨĶԼĶҲǴǰǸͨˣ֮⣬ŸӾʵԿ
˵ǮҲ׬ˣҲˣһһһֻģʲô᲻õġ
ŷٻȻᣬҲܿͨӣСţЩ˶һ׼ħ֮УȴһŷҹܰǴǸ쳣
ԭǴ˵֮еħһֱûлῴû뵽һΣҵã


480 粨
ŷҹż˺һŵӣҪ붫ħʱãã֮ϣͻȻˣͷģһԶԶվ˼⣬ŷҹһЦ
ˡĪҲһħĴõ˲ٵĺôһոսҪö࣬ҪȻҲһ˾Ͳ½磬ɵɧˣ˵ϢǿҶһЩܲµĸо
ʲôˣŷҹҲǼɵĪ˵һǰǿ׵ĳ̶ȣʱҲûпôǿˡ
˵˵Ƿ龳һƷҲĶ֣ûκΰ취Դų˵
ŷҹüͷһ壬ǵԼ˵ʲôˣⲻҪģҪ˵ֻΪ֮жˣ϶ڼ֮ǰոձѾһƷǸˡ
ǺõĲ黵鰡ϴĪƾ˵һķ龳ַһвٵڵٷͷɱԼ
ڵӵûи龳ˡ
ǴΪо˵Ļܹóһ龳ˡ
龳ǿѾԲˣִܣǴ˵֮ҲǲģھȻԼĲ֪һǲˡ
ˣŷҹҲûͷɣǰһ֮䣬ƺûʲôԹɣ
˵оУ˵ޱޣҼȻˣһҪͷնǿֶ飿龳۾΢΢ţһ˿⡣
ҾˡŷҹЦǴǰû˵ҲҪ˵һΣ˵һ񾳵ķǷ龳ķҪɱңҲͲܣһķ龳ȥϸȴ˱Ĺƻ󣬾׽絷ңһְ
ּ龳ǿȻǲмһˣеĿ֮ǼٵģֻģֱӾͳˡ
һ֮䣬ޱȥҪŷҹ˶һһ
šŷҹȴǺһ
ô֪𣿡龳ǿֻһЦȴҲӡͣ
Ǻǣô֪£ŷҹȻڳ֣޷ǾЩ˻ڣ޷ȫʩչչʾһ㷵龳ƺҲʤ֮ɣǶߣٸһսһ㡣
ǺǣСӣļ̫׾ˣΪ𣿡龳Ц
ǰǺ׾ӣͿûһսˣһս㲻ҵĻҲ⡣ŷҹ˵
Ȼ뷨ڱɣһԸһᣬЩ˶߰ɣ龳һգնʱָֻ˹ӡ
ĪƣٴǱħŷҹ˵
أĪƿ֪ǰ˲öԸһǸ񾳵ļһȫһεˡ
ùңȻӦŷҹҲֻ˵ˡ
ðɡĪҲ֪ʵ̫ûôҲһûá
ŷҹڵı±ö࣬ŷҹսԷĻҲͷӲʲôãһĿܳΪԷ׸
Īƻ֮䣬ħѾڴҵǰֻ֣Ǽʱ䣬˵ĶѾħķٹ˼ħǴŷҹǰʧˡ
ô龳ǿʵҪܣҿ׵ĸ㣬龳ǿߣʵ֮ǿͲģֻҪӣƬ֮ĸطǸħ㲻ҪΪҾҲҲˣֻҪҿӲҵġ
ȻҲ̫ţڻûҪӣ
˵֮䣬ŷҹʤаѾγȻȥȷҪսһǡѾԶˡ
㵱ΪԼӵó龳ǿһ£޴ӡ˲͵ŷҹߡ
㵱ΪӣŷҹҲ˲һԾ֮Ѿһ֮ǾƵķΧ֮ʤаȻһ̡
ʤаɵãŷҹѾԹΣŷҹʤаĽ֮ѽҲȻܰѶԷյԼʮֵľȡ
Ǿȹ龪ȣȴǾ޴ʵõģ£ܰ龳յԼ˵ԼΪһν
ȻڵĻΪ̫ȶҲ˲ЩˣһжǱƵİ
ǵһ޴ʱȴͻȻ֮䷢ƾȻˡ
Ǳ飬ǴڲȻըһ֪ǶԷƣ̬ҪԼ˺Ż
Ҫʤаȥɣһӣֱըȴһɲˡ
ŷҹҪûǰȥͻȻ֮俴ֻոձըƣȻٴںϵһ𣬺ոձըĲһ
ںϵһ֮˲Ѿʧ
ãŷҹĵ׳һ˿ΣæһԾ
Ҳ൱٣һȴûѳȥƾ֪ŷҹһѾֻûͣѾһŷҹı
ۡ
ŷҹһѪɲģ޴ʴ塣
һĶȻҲҡǿ߿ŷҹ˲ʱĲм֮ŨΪܴӱ𣿡
ŷҹüͷ壬Դʼٵʱ򣬶ʤǿҲһ·ѹǣһεĶʵ̫ǿˣЩĸо
龳ǿߣֻһ񾳣ŸոͻǿȹΪˡ
ֲʵ֮ûʲôֲġ
ûаְһܰԼһѵĻ˵żֵĻᡣ
ŷҹһ̾ȻǸпԼĹµһת֮䣬ͰͷԺ
֣ԼǽŵĵӣнҪʲô֣õİ֣
ʱ䣬ŷҹѾվϵţھɳˮŷҹܣҲ̶ֳӰ
ڡءʤаԨ졭
ѽÿһѽ϶һĹâÿѽһ־ÿѽһŷҹѡ
һ̣ŷҹϵʽʯҲױעŽ֮
粨󣡡
ŷҹļȻŽֻǰΪ̫ͣʩչһ֮䣬Ȼǰһ׷粨߰ѽʩչ˳
ֻһѣǰŹӰĺ⽣ΪѽصģԿһȱȫķ󣬴һȥֻŻ˶ŲĶ
龳Ҳ໰ֻؿŷҹһУҪԷϵطˣ򵥣ֱӵķʽܶԷȻôֻһֻϣԶҲԼĶ֡
˵Ƕ֣ΪԶҲûгΪԼֵʸ
ŷҹҲµ˶ԷĿģǲôټȥ


481 ˯
Է˵ģܲǶԷĶ֣ˣ֮ǰԼļ˸ѣһϵ˶ħħܰȻ
²ܣô̶̵ʱڻܣҪٳȥŵһܰ龳ȥʱ򣬲ٿǲߡ
˵ܲӵߣ⻹ֻһδ֪ء
߰ųƣڶԷ֮ɱȥһѽ߰ѽһ𣬰λ֣ϵ£ˮһ׵ûС
ֻɲ֮䣬ŷҹѾ֣ĹȫЧģһΣѽֻ޴һûɵκε
һβͬǣǸ龳ֻվûжһ£߰ѽȴûһ̵ܴԷϡ
Ǹ˾һӰͶģǱһ͸û˿ʵڸС
ǡŷҹüͷøˡ
µòǶԷĳַ
Էȥվʵȴռ䣬͸վһռϣɱõԷ
һССϣֻ֪֮ҪԸ⣬һֻСָ׵㣬վʱڣҲһҸûκв龳ǿߵ
ȥаŷҹҲһƬԭŽ轣ڶԷѾóԼǿҲܶԶԷзֺ˺
ǻ񾳸֮Ĳ𣬻ֻͨѣ龳ȴͨҲֻǰĿռʩչǷ֮ȴǿԹᴩռ䣬ɨʱ䣬һж⣬ʵ̫Ĳˡ
ŷҹƶɣʱͻȻ
ɡŷҹ̾ͷƶҲӲ˶ԷƿأھͷˣԷֱӾ˻ƶߣһǧһְ취ܶԸңʱҾĳ˴׵ĸˡ
ôᣬֻһɱ㣬ΪܰѻƶıҲһռǲܵģȻסҲһЯŷɣ͵㿴ȻòţǷʲôģһܴ֤ݰ
ŷҹһ⵹û뵽ģôҲЩðˡ
û˼Ŀʱ龳Ѿٴץˣͬһֻ֣ȴһɽһѹѹѹ
߽壡
߰µĺһĹţŷҹŰΧ
Ǻǣ⽣Ǻʣ̫СˣΪûа취𣿡龳ǿߵƻȥ
ָһ˾ͼסŷҹµķ粨
߰񽣲ɵķ粨ȴǱԷָͳ׿ˣ߰ѽڷţȴôҲûа취ӳȥ
ҰĽɣ龳˵
ָ֮ʱ޴߰ѽ֮תֹ粨󣬾Ȼֻܽ
÷龳ȵǣȻ׵ؿסŷҹķ粨󣬵Ǹոһӵ̽ȴҲףҪٽһŷҹɱˣȴҲô׵ġ
ߣСӣΪССĽܳŵ˶𣿡龳ŭȵ
һ׽ˣȻܵסԼ飬Ȼͻŭġ
ǺǣΪţбңŷҹȻھƣոոΣ֣ʱȴûһˡ
ﲻţһ㶼û¶
ϷԸ龳Ҳ֪һʲôָ֮侹Ȼ΢İ׹⡣
׹󣬰󶼰УͼŽ֮ɢ
Ƿ粨ȻͣŷҹķȴǺι̣߲ʹâתʱǵ׹⵲棬Ͳܽȥ
ӷ龳͸ŭˣֱ¶ѾóˣòȫҲܶԸһСС׽绯񾳰ɣ
ʶ֮У׽Ͳֻ񾳴ڣǵεõµӵ֮ʱЩɻ󣬵ǾҪһˣû뵽һ͹ȻСӣҲˣĻӦûѡ
û뵽ΪˣȴӲԼ޲ߡ
һŭ֮£ʱó˸ɵˣƺ£ŷҹĽеġ
֮вڴƺĳַѵɼⷵ龳Ҳǿĳ̶ˡ
һĶŷҹ۵ҪҲûа취ֻ֧ˡ
顭
龳һģ粨һҡΣۿǵİ׹Ҫȥˡ
ߣϵվǵסҷ龳ǿߡǿһ
ԼһССĻ񾳶ʰˣǻȥҲ̫ûˡ
ա
ͷ粨ȴͻȻһžʧ
ܣ龳Ƿ龳ڿռô˳ӡ
һץ֮Ƭ֮ʹӿռʱקһֻŹֵС
ţⶦҲأû뵽СȻַ龳
СҲǷ˳ȷ˵Ҳûа취С磬ǲС磬ԼֲƿһʱȻѡ
СӣĪΪⶦͰȫ𣿡龳Ȼ֪ŷҹõĻġ
Ī㻹һⶦһʤ𣿡ŷҹȻˣȴһԾûУڶŶԷ
ߣСӣϷȻܰ磬ҲܰĶʱ㻹ܶ㵽ȥ龳ȵ
Ǿ͵ϰⶦ˵ɡŷҹ͸һ˿ƺѾ˵˸Ƿ֮˵һȥ
龳ɫˣƫƫûа취
ҪôһҪʱ̫࣬˵ʵЩǿ仰˵Ҫⶦ֮ʰŷҹĻֵˡ
ôһѵĴ֪Ҫôѡ
СôһôķҲҿôãĻһ治̫ܰô龳ţⷨˣպŷҹĻǿɾͲ֪Էʲôˡ
Ȼֻǵһθŷҹ֣ҲܿõС츳ˣСС;ɻ񾳣磬Ҳ֮еţοڻ׽ء
гһգСͨ˷İǲ֪ʲôӡ
׽һ񾳶ûУСӿҪ޷ˣؼǣڱǿɣŻһӣ׽ػؿڣСӣ׽绹۸ͷ
ߣСӣ⡣龳Ѹٵתǧͷȴ˵Ͱڣħ㣬㻹ܵȥ
˯ţڿһԣ
ƶﴫһĵ
龳ɫֻ΢΢һ䣬漴Ҳٸŷҹ˵ʲô̧Ѿĳռ


482 ħ
ǧľ룬ڷ龳˵Ҳ˲ϢΪͨ˿ռķ֮󣬿Գֵÿռ֮İ̶ȵ֮ľ룬ͨȥǧ·ǿֻм
ƶŷҹȻûֵô⣬ʵŷҹһֱ˼ŶԲߡ
ʲô֪龳˼϶ܰԷԼƶĶ
ֻҪƶһͺҲûв֮أʱֻ·һˡ
òҲǶʱܰ쵽飬ħӦǰȫˣǷ龳ٻ֮ôҲҵħˡ
뵽ŷҹ˶ʼȫػָԼơ
߰ѽǲܶԸ龳ķֻһôǻ˵ã
ŷҹһĿԼ߰ϡ
⽣ܵѹСϾεģ£ԷĴ󲿷ѽϣԺ⽣ûʲôˡ
ǳ˺⽣֮⣬ÿѽѺ۰߰ߣǽ񽣣ڶѾɷˡ
ŷҹҲ֪ҪǷսĻҲǲ̫ˡ
ŰţѾˣô
ԣŷҹͻȻһ
ŵĽȻҪģɸҪģӦһ罣ģÿһѽĶǽŵӦȥѭķ
ɱаǱҪкºʰȥأ;ֿ˫ľȥԦ
ҪĸҪ
ȻѾˣҾһԼĽŷҹͻȻ֮俴һ˿ת
ⱾڻƶĿռ֮УŷҹȴΪԳɿռ䣬ռǲһġ
ŷҹѿҪ𻵵񽣣һ·ռӴ
ŷҹҪʲô󾪵ȥĻͻ뵽ռǸ龳ָͷܰġ
İɣڲȥģѽȴһҪ¼һ£ȻһǾִֻˡ˵ŷҹѾѽŵԳɿռռӿϣɣǸ龳һİóʱ䣬ѽһ¡
ˡ
ŷҹ˼˵ҪǸ龳
ǲǣ¶ô¶ԷҪƶŷҹȴҲҪƶԼ񽣣⡭һ󵨵ľٶ
νƴһѣŷҹ˵ѾûκεĻˡ
˽ǰҪ
ҪŷҹȴֹǸԩͷﻹҪԼ˵ƶֵһ֣ƶͶһְȫ
һ㶣Ҳ
룬еģ̶ȵĶԷķȻܸŶԷƶĽ̡
ɣһһ֮󣬻ĻҾͰѺ⽣Ҳһ¼һ£Ǻǡŷҹʱһҹ˲Ļעһ»ƶĻתתɻ
һսˡ
Ҹոһ˿ŵ壬ٴӻƶʱ򣬾ѾǸոһŷҹˡ
Ǻðɣϣƶܳܵˣƺһ֮ǰǸһˡ޵ĵ˵
İɣģƶôױҲΪǵ֮ˡŷҹȴǱȺġ
ΪǳȻΪķӡ⿪ǻкܶĶᵽġ
ŷҹȴõƶˣܸܵƶǿ󣬱һĽһ񽣶ضã˵Ļڻƶû֮ǰܸ㹻Ʒʣ˵պĻƶһı
ֻŷҹûл̫ʱȥ򣬻ƶиİûбԿȥƺû񽣸һ
ŷҹţλ龳Ѿ֮С
ڵź͸϶ڸȴͻȻ֮ܵ˾޴֮һȻŻɵķе˽룬һʱͻо
һʱ˶ûֻǸоǾ޴޷֪֮̾еǰһμˡ
еĵӳϣŶѸٵ˴֮⡣
ɫλңңվ֮Уһǰķǿһݡ
Ӽǰʦ
ʣµĵӳҲŰȥ
ߣ벻ڣȻ䵽ֵزҲЩͰǿԴõ
ִɲʦ𷣣ֻǰһеԼϡ
ʵϣҪ׷Ļ²ֻһҪȴҲӲģȻʹһѸðĶ˰ɡ
ˣ˵СҲֲˣȥ׼ħҪħŷҹСӣպ˭Ҹԡǿߵ
ʦ˵ŷҹѾϸץסˣ̾Ϳ˷龳ǿߵŷҹĻƶڶԷϣˣ̫ˣʦԵȣ̾Ϳħ
ŷҹȻİճŵڵӺͳһ·ڵҲԵ˼ˣΪţκ˶ҪӸֻǡ
ʵҪܴùŷҹͳȥˣ̫ϳ϶Уȥ˲ȥͲô
һŷҹѾץϾҪȥħȻǸ˵òˡ
ħڵĽأһȻǲܽȥģڻɽԴͷħǴ˷֮Уһֱάŷתġ
һǲᶯħģҲ˲ۣŷҹСӸˣҪ⻤ɽûôһ
ܿ죬ź͸ϵ֮£Ѿħķӡ򿪣ڵļڸ֣ͨͨſڻ龳ǿһ˽ħڲ
ߣŷҹҪħ֮£ٳŵ˶á龳ǿߴЦ
׽֧ŵԴڶóŷҹȻЩݳޣֻҪŷҹˣһԳһ󻼣ĵλȹҲ׽ڵõһǿķ˷һЩħ裬Ҳֵõġ
ħ裿ôֶŷҹֵӻƶﴫ
ħǻ֮еƷȻȲڤ𣬵Ҫ˵֮ŸҲ֮ˡ
ħȻħ裬Ǵŷҹ֮⡣
벻ɣǵͨߣͨ쳹صķħ֮ȡӣ֮ľħػ׽Ļɽ󣬽Ϊ㣬ħ趼˳Ҳ㹻ȥˡ龳ǿߴЦ
ҪŷҹæǷ龳ĴܣΪٸΪУ뿪ұ֤պΪУ


483 Ѫ֮
һķˣҲҸҽ֪𣿿ϧѾˣǲٻųȥģ͵ﱻɣ龳ǿ߻֮䣬ѾеĻƶ˳ȥ
ƶ˿̲ŷҹĿƣֱħȥһƬտ֮УֻһۣһȪۣʱشðĻ
ڻ۵ΧһȦȦµķ󣬰ɫ֮еȫ֮⣬ڵɽһ
ƶһ䣬þǷ룬ǻ֮ϣеķֹͣĻ֮ȫŻƶӿȥ
ħɲһĻ棬һĻ涼һƵģΪħȴ֮𣬿һϢֹͣȼȥʲôģֱٺʲˡ
Ҫŷҹֵڻƶﴫ
ǷǿôŷҹĻЩֻöԷӵ⡣
ڻƶ֮УѾʼȫתƶϵĻ󣬵ȴתħڲϵŶԷΪá
ԭŷҹҪûתɻ棬񽣣һξȻײ˴ˣԷȻħǣħ豾ǱƶĻҪ߼Ļ棬Ȼǲתˡ
ŷҹֱӿŻƶЩ涼뵽ռϵض񽣡
ҲûţȻħ裬Ȼܶ˷ˣһ֣ͶԻƶһֵĺôȫȴħΪá
ɲУǸϼһҲɵҪһҲûУϼһ϶ỳɵġŷҹڶаľ֣ȫЦ˻ı飬ʱҲǿţԺԸţŪѻƶһΣöԷΪҪŲסˡ
ðɡεؿ˿ŷҹҲʱ䶼˷ϣƻħ裬ʵ̫˼ˣлħĻӾһεôһСһ
СһɣҪһӾͻε̫ˣԷ϶ŵģڸһˡŷҹҲ̫ˣԷֵø졣
ֻҪʱ㹻ģһһһɵú
ˡ
ǿ߿ƶħ΢΢ػζ˼£ʲôӦһ
ҲǵЦЦħȻôĹⶦ˷ӦĻ֮ڣӦǿܰⶦˣʱŷҹСӣһŻҽˡ
ŷҹȻڷԳɿռ֮ڣǲȵȫԳɿռͻᱣסʱڷӡѾʧ֮谭ذݻ٣ԿѾŵŷҹˡ
ΪǶԷڳһħ裬Ҳ̳ɻˣûټĻᡣ
εĶûʲôɱСӣ˸˵ˡ
ϧһܰⷨߣҲֻ׽ڣĻԼҲʵǡ
ţʱת۾͹ȥˣƶ˻ζƵʸһЩоǻζķȸһЩ֮⣬ȴԵҪļ
ⶦһñȻҹûбȻнչҲЩ龳΢΢üֽȲ̫⡣
һֻ죬Ѿʱ䣬ȵʱٲȥĻͻɢһʧ
ܷ֮صĻǻָܻԼı֮ϣԼҲûʲôʧˡ
龳Ѿ⣬˵컹ûбĻֻȻȥ磬ĵӿŷҹҲٷˣһжᰴԼ뷨
ǲܿһġ
ôһȣȥˣ죬ƶȷʵ˽չϵ·Ѿͨ죬龳ǿɣŷҹǲѾڶˣȴٳٲӣЩż
һʱ򣬷龳ǿҲò˵أȵⶦ֮ʱھֶһſܣɽ֮ɣ
Źʦٿħֻʱ򣬲ɵöӶЦˡ
ǿߵķһߣϵѹҲȻͼˣҲҿʦķûа취ѷߣȻĻԼСС׽磬϶ǵòôõķġ
ʦոʱǲõҲ֪ʵǲܵĻⶫߵġ
ŷҹǸϼһˣ˷ܵ˵
ŷҹȴûзӦһûлشĻҲûǰһȥŷҹҲ֪ŷҹһһ׵飬ڿǵһؼʱˡ
龳߲ߣŷҹ˵ѾôҪˡҪǣҪ񽣣϶Ϊһ
龳ǿ߾ǲߣҲħҲûа취ɱԼֻԼʱ䣬ŷҹħԺкôԻƶкôкôԼΪҲкô
찡ôĺôҪȥѩĪҪߣˡ
ǽֻһսһڣһȴ֪ʲôˡ
һһҲǿɣǽȥ֮ûһԼķ񽣣϶ǲܾȳѩĪġ
ŷҹ⣬һҪѽ뿪
ħ裬ǵ뿪ҪԴ֪Ҫ֮󣬴ҵˡ
˿ڻƶռѾһӣǱ˴˶Ѿӽںϵһ𣬵ÿѽΧƺһֶ໥ųĽ⡣
ǽģŷҹʱҲס
ЩǴﵽ˽۷񽣣ÿһѶԼİ壬ͺһԼԸˣҪһȫںϵһƱػĲʡ
˻߿Эǽȴܡ
ŷҹüͷѾһһҹȴһͷûС
ŷҹΪʲô㲻һѪأͻȻѵҲһЩķţǶȽϼ򵥴ǳǻƺһ壬ܼԦ棬ֵõ˻ƶ챦˵ҲΪóģҲЩǲмõķţѪ֮ˣѪҺƵĻͻ׵õ񽣵ϿɣΪʲôⷨأ
ףŷҹ˵һ
Ȼ˵ûص㣬ȴһЩ
ѽҪںϵһֻǹͬĶȫͬ񽣣ͬ޷Ǿͬǽˡ
ŵ񽣣ԽŵӵѪкͣѪڣпܰһɹ
ŷҹҲ˲ȥӦ̾ԼĻһѪڣѪҺҪǮһѱ
ꡭ
ʺѪҺһ񽣣̾ðһźȥû̫ı仯ŷҹȴеط֣ѽں֮С
ֻںƺ΢СֻҪнչŷҹͲġ
һѻָĵҩٴѽѪ


484 
ҲЩŵˡ
ոֻǺһ£û뵽ŷҹôѪøҪǮһ
ôȥﻹʲôѪ֮Ѫ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ǹ˶ãŷҹֹͣѪ
æǰȥֻŷҹɫ԰࣬񽣣ȴۿɼٶںš

֮䷢˷ܵѽ˴֮ѾãԶԼλȥ
֮һѹŹֵľ޽Σѽϵһһؽ
²аɣǰѱڻҪ˺üȦؽȴţҪôѽ
ǺǣûʲôУŽȻô򵥡ŷҹռһ֡
ǳܵ˵ٻһವһͷŷҹġ
úĿɿڴǣѴ׵ľ޽ڷеĹУȴȻ֮ۿɼٶѸٵСţŷҹĵʱĴСԭľڽҪСöˡ
ѹŹֵĽȴСԭĴЩƣȴǱ˾ڽĹӡ
˵Ź֣ΪѽѾòǽķжֱģǴ΢΢ĻȣһǴӽϣԽԽ֮ϻϸСݣ֮ϣŹֵĻơ
Щ·ŷҹҲֻܿԺȥоˡ
ƺһɱŷҹܽ
ѽУںĴ¾أ֮ڣֿϵԨȻɱ֮ʧ죬ɷ֮бʤа
ҲΪѽı仯ͷչں֮ʼոһɱصĸо
ȻɱûɢǴǰ䣬ǵһۿʱǻ˲
ɱȴǺϲѽ
˵öԣɱֻǿΪ˭ãŷҹҲȻѽʲôӣվǽŽվĽ
ı˵ŷҹǲǿԳȥˣüˣûгȥأڻƶҲҪˣǲҪȥأ
𣿻ƶҲҪĻǾ͵֮ٳȥɡŷҹ˵
ոһĶһϣȻ˻ƶ飬һʱĸо˻ƶȷǲС
Ǹ龳Ҳǹ޴ģȻҪħֱڻƶı￴ţҲãϧֻһ;ˣǸŷҹһĺûᡣ
ǿҪһʱأǲҪȥѩҶþûмˣء˵
Ǻܾ˰ŷҹҲǸп
Դϴ뿪ѩҲûмˣ䣬ѩȴһ뵽ĪǺ˷
ŷҹ΢΢ͷЩͷʱ׿һħ賹յǵĻƶ
ʲôħӶŪߣˣǿ𣿡
ߣȻǣôҲҪһѵǵħߣѾǱˡŷҹЦѾˣԳɿռҲܲסǸħ裬ǸȴЩܣֻҪħƵﵱۣԺƶĻҲħĻˣҲúƷˡ
ܲӣ԰ɡ̾͸˵
һֻõĻƺŷҹÿץҩһһ˵ԼܽˣȻǸ˵òˡ
ãһԣڵļһһĽѵŷҹҲǴŸ˼
ʾúãƶ·ǳҲѻҽˣ˵ҽûˣҲǱ˵ˡ
ȻûǴѾɣ飬ûʲôɵ͵ء
ʱһŲƷòҲˡϲؽе
һãŷҹҲ񶼷һŲƷ֮ϡ
˰Ԫע뵽˻ƶŲƷ֮ⷨ̾תĿ꣬Ǹ񽣵ħӡ
Ĺâɢ£һâΣѵϵħ趴ڸΧסȻŷҹһµϵĹâ̾Ϳʼˡ
һһ磬ҪӽǸħʱͻȻ˼ĵֿǶԷѾ飬ҪȥһϤĵطһ
ǿɲˣŷҹһȫתŷ
âҲתһԽתԽ죬ڰǵħȻһವһ뵽˻ƶĻ֮С
ˡ
ƶתͨķ󶼽ֳϸܶӵ·
һЩǰûֳķҲ˳һЩµȥǿһۣöΪкô
еĻ󣬵ħһ֮󣬻̾ͱһҵıըԭƽĻƶӶ֮ʮɸߵĻ泤ħһȦֻ֮ع鵽˻֮У̾
ԭͼѾˣڸԵóޣǳƯ
ţƶѾָ˰ɡŷҹ̾һ¡
ļֵĻ֪ƶǰʲôģȻ̫ͣҲǵؼģڲŸոտʼָֻѣһһ
ĳɹˣ̫ˣ˵
ߣȥЩǻôʱڵӰɡŷҹһЦѾӻƶԾ˳
ûħ裬ԭȴħＳȡ뻤ɽĴ䷨󣬴˿̻һͣ͵״̬
ŷҹһԾͷһǵķʱնú¡һƵ
ħԭǳһӾ
ӦǷˣһȥɣһʱ伤
һɽ֮ˣһλҲ˷ܵ
ǰӵеħ裬ҲһֺǿǶֻάŻɽԼûʵܿƣڵɽҪ˵Ļûʲô
ǵʱŷҹֻҶúܣʦҪ˼󲻵ò£е᲻ãɼǶɽġ
ŵĴ֮£һмٴδħĴţ׼ӭǵɽ֮
ǴŶĵһʱ䣬һȻײ˳
䡭
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Ҫ֪ħǿصأʯҲϣŻŲٵķ̻棬ܱͨײ͸ײġ
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486 
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ҪԱ𣿿ϧѾˣŷҹһ񽣺ͺһֱ֣ŷǿ߽ɱȥ
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֮УֻҲûǵǿߵķڻǱŷҹˡ
󲿷ֵƶնȥŷҹҲһ˿뵽ԼڣǷ龳ǿߵķЩ֮ŷҹ׻ģûмȥȥԼΪ

ŷҹյȻ࣬Ҳǵõһ˿䵽ħʱֻһƬڵӣѾɵۡ
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ӱ濴ʲôЩ˵ΪȴһӴӡһոŵĹߡ
ΪеҪѪĳ嶯ûа취˭Ҳûбȥ⿪ŷҹµķӡ
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һεľ飬ټڵΪҲǿˣŷҹҲôֻ֮࣬󣬿һѵó̰
Ҫߵʱʶɣֻҩʦһڣ֮һӰɵĸһ֣϶ΪڣҪֱأǾ֮У϶ҵһĶȥҩʦˡ
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487 
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ŷҹ˵Щɶǿʦƣɲ⴫Ȼɱ֮ġ
ǸȻ̨ȥɣٿŷҹЦЦ
ԶԶԣɣЩҲܲˣҲûʲôϵҪ뻻ҩĻǴǰӣҲûʲôı䣬²ؼ߸߹ɡʿ̾
ŷҹ˵֮ѾȻɽŷȥ
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488 ɽ
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ʲôշУؽڷֶĳͷɱۣɽҲһ̤գҡڵؾɽϣ̾ͺʵ
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ǰڱҲû⵽ôıʣڣڲŸոռ죬Ȼͱһӣ˭벻
С㾹ȻڣϷץ㣬ȻҪ𿾣ƳҩһݸߵĳͻȻŷҹ
Ӧڵ۷ĳˡѾԶۿš
˿̵ûʲôزܷеĹˣҶҪְ겻Ĵսһһսһɣ֮ǿҪźİ
ǰ컹ˣһɱһλ죬Ϊ˵ãһ˵ʱҲ΢΢Щľ
룡ŷҹѸ˵Ļ˵꣬Ҳָһ
û˿ʲôǸ۷ĳϣͻȻͶһѪѪ˳󲻵ȵأѾƶľ޴һ͵˶ʱڣȫ
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Χ۵˶ˣ۷ô׾ͱˣŷҹֻһ찡
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ÿСӣ浱û»񾳵ǿ𣿡һԵޱߵȵ
ƶ˵һ׳˶ˣ˵Ͳ̫󣬵һΪȴǱոյͷҪ߶ˡ
ѽǻǿߣһֻһ˵֮䣬Ǹ˺棬ӰǻΪ
񾳣ǱǰڵĻ񾳻Ҫ࣬Ȼһֶ棬ǿǰʱʵҪǿˣµˣֻûʲôýˡ
ȷһΧҲֲȥ
ڳϣǺǣ˳ڣҲЩһҲ׷ڤ粻飬ֻðһɱˡŷҹ˵ĻȴǱԷӿޱߡ
ãǵ뿴ôһɱģΪ׵׳˶ˣһЦ
ǺǣΪԸЩˣõʲô𣿡ŷҹȴ˿ţһӣƶٴС
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ڵΣͺǱˮճסˣô
ȻǿһЩѾǰʮٶҲ޵طˡ
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ԶΧ۵ɢ޺СɵӶĿɿڴʲôǸһ֣͸Щ˽ˮ
б¾ͷǳʹʹһʤǸ׳˶
ʹ죿Ǿ͸ʹŷҹָһƶת˼£ת
ѩһӯƮȻҲֻǼ͵λϵǰ
ħ衭˵ɫ䡣
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ǡЩ϶ǲħģɱ˷ŻƷôͱСӸһֻҩأ


489 һս
뿪ڣһ·һͻȻ
ŭӶԷʱŷҹȴָһϵ⿪ˡ
ȥɣǳϻɵĵһʱ䣬ȴǳֽŷҹȥ
ȥɣŷҹѾϵƵģһǡǡͳ֮䣬ǳϳʱѾϡ
ħɲһĻ棬һյϣ̾ҵҪȼյĶһգ֮䣬ǳϾͱһٹ֮ҲϨɻˡ
˭ŷҹʵ
ת۾ʣǶ˭Ҳ벻ŷҹȻôǿʵ񾳣Ȼһڵķֶ涼סҲЩˡ
ŷҹɱڶӣҲü˿ŷҹӣҲ֪ˣܿģҪ˵뿪ڣȻҲܣڻһҪ翹Ļµʱֻһ³
ʲô³ģֻҪԸ⣬Ͼͻ㲻𣿡ŷҹʵ
ףȻףֻ˺͸λҲֻôѡ
ŷҹڣŷͨٱץĻǿɾͲôˡ
ĥ˵ֶοǺܶܶģ׽Ŀ̸ֱСƣͲʲôΪΪ̶ȣĥѾǸо̫ʹ࣬ʹ֮ϡ
Ϳ꣬ʹ޷ܣֻض޷̤롣
㾿ҪʲôڸҲԩ޳Ϊնɽţɱҵӣüʵ
ǺǣҪΪʲôˣŷҹЦʵˣûʸôʣΪһѾɱˣʥŮ褵ɷ˵Ϊʲô
褵ɷ򣿡һֱӻȻ
ײˣʱǴڵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ʥŮѾ֮ԼҲ˵Ѿ˫޵£Ҳȥ֮Ӻơ
ʱǿȫһ޴Ժݣȥ֮ҪС檣ѾĶˣ˭֪Ůӻʶ̧٣ӣҡ
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ɫҲǱѿŷҹѾʲô֪ˡ
Ҳѹ֣ռڵô󣬺ƸӴҪռʥŮܶСɵӺɢ޶֪ģҪȻʥŮɷҲɱ˰ɡ
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ʥŮѾ͵ڣɱǣҲҵʥŮ褡һϴ
Ŷʲôطȥŷҹ⻰̧֮Ѿϵ
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ת˲֮䣬һѶ飬һ֮ҲУɿش֪
ǺǡŷҹϵԷֶΣҲȥҪ¶֪ŷҹҪˣǶҵŭɡ
һ̣񾳳̵أϵŷҹա
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ķȻԳɿռ䣬Գɿռ֮󣬾ǳǵġ
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ߣŷҹ˵ǰڿն𣬴ǸµΨһһλڳϣʱѾʧ˵
ǰ֮ǰѾڷϢҳϵǿԽģֻܰڵɽ֮ǰԼҲҪȥ׼ˣȥǲܡǸµĳ˵
޷ʱԼȥɡŷҹ˵Ҳõģ֮ҪԹ˲Ͼˣ˭Ҳûʱȥͨ㡣
ǳ΢΢һ㶣漴ŷҹ˼ȻҪڶֱʣЩ̫˰ɣ
ŷҹ֮Ҳ֪ŷҹǲܲڣҲܸɾ޴вͿʱܲһٰɱˣֻҪһУ˾ԻǱڵΣա


490 
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ڵӣȴǸΪӸһﵽ˷龳ʹĸڣķ涼Ҫǿöࡣ
ŷҹɽʱһ۾ܿǸɽ۵ɽţΡߴƻֺ꣬ȷһɵķ緶
ɽҲһЩ򣬵ǱǱߣȴǷ˲֪ٱ
ȻһһЩŲٵĵ̣ټǴԻвٵҩҪڡ
ڵɽ⣬Ȼܵڵıһ˾ﵷңŭɽϵɣǿɲ˵Цġ
Ҳͳһҵ֮أ̼֮Ϣ
ǰɽɽֻһ󣬽˷֮󣬲Żᴫɽ֮ǰΪµˣʸûУҲҪʸȥܲͨ󡣡ŷҹ͵ǰΪȻ⣬ڵڲ֮ҲǸƣǰֻһ˵ĻҲʲô
ȻѾԼŷҹɽ£ŷҹûߣȻҲߡȻ԰һЩҲ˵ŷҹЩøС
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ˣʦ𷣲˵ԼڵļҲһûл·ԼҲһӳ죬ڰŷҹԼʦܹһʥŮ褵ĻȻǽԴϲ
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ġ˶ǿ޵
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Щ˵ķӦŷҹҲµһЩǶʵƷ˼ֵ͡
ҪʦصԼˣе˰ˡ
ʴŷҹһ·Уܿ쵽һĹ֮ǰ⹬ȻҲ֮УǸĹźܵ𣬵мǸĸо
ʣôˣڲѾ˹𣿡˻ûнѾһ
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˾ͿһŻĹˣ컺ֿ֮Ŀŷҹϡ
ʦܣһγ˴£ܻʦʿˣǰһݡ
Ŷʲô飬վ˵ҶʵĿȴ´ŷҹȻҲΪǸŷҹйϵġ
վʦŷҹʦλǰŷҹʥŮɷ֮ǰڰһɵӴţǰڽʥŮġ
ʲôɱϵ㣿ҶʱĿŭ⣬㾹Ȼֵ˴ڣҪʦ𣿡
ʦϢŭҲ֪¹ش󣬱ŷҹǰѾ׼ŵ뿪ǵպʦصԻһҲ뿴ûл͵ءʳϿ˵ŷҹǰֻҪʥŮʱҲΪ˵ںҪʥŮ޸Ϊ檣һŭ֮´ɽţʱҲҪɱΣ˼ϣлͣŷҹǰҲԸΪУӦҲҪģԲŻǰʦ
ǺͿҶŭĪ˵ɱλ񾳳ϣûɱǺ֮ӣ˶ȰҪȥΪ檣һɱλϵ˰褴ߣֱǻƣĪ˵Ʋͬ⣬ǸλϣҲȥ
ɡλǰΪΪʥŮһˣΪ˸һ檣ڶһУ¾һѣھԲǵ
ǣһڲҲ̫ü˰ɣҶŷҹѾ˼ֲм


491 ҵ
˵ǲҴˡŷҹ̤ǰһȴŲ̲Ц⣬֪Ϊʲô˲ڸоѣ
ҶҪ˵ȴм˽һǸͬΪڴϵĳ죬Ķӳ
ϣк𣿡ҶҲû¶ŷҹݣҲû̾ͰŷҹõĴ㡣
ȻΪ˶Ӹ̳ϵѵĻ£ҶѾǻ񾳵ĸ֣ʵǴ´ģף̳ϲܾɣЦ
ʱҲŷҹ֮ǰž˵ǽʴһóҶҲûرע⵽ˡ
ǴȻ񾳣ѾȷʾԲ޸ĶӣԳذɣʦģҲΪѵӣǲҪľҶüҡͷ
϶Ҳ֪ľģǴŶǰеǶ˼Ѱζ
Ǻǣ̴ϵļӺô󰡡Ц˼Ҳǻ۷壬Ϊֺף㾹ȻӶĪ˵ΪѾǿˣǿңҲѾǻ񾳵ǿߣǵĵ磿Ҫ˵ĻĵѸҶӵůΪ̧ȻʶȤʲôʦʲôͽܡ
ߣϣǵҲ𣿡ҶҲɫһʣͿͣ
̾˳츸ӵԣϣذɡ
ֶʦˣԷǴϣҲ˼ɡ
ߣĵӵһ񾳶ûУţż죿һ죬һ֪ҳǸȻĽ쿴ȥҲ൱ŭתͷͿŷҹյĵӣǺǣĪ˵ֱ̫Ҳһ޷ͻƻ񾳵Ļɫ
Ҿ㿴ûа취ͻƻ񾳵Ļɫʰġŷҹָһ֣ųͷץȥ
Ҫǳŷҹأȴû뵽ŷҹѾһŭһ̧ӭ
ҶĵӣȻûûС϶֣Ź棬һӭŷҹһƣһ߻ŭųҶ
ŷҹһƺ٣˵֮䣬Ѿ˶Էͷ
ڳҲǻ۷壬ѾŷҹһƷġ
˭֪һƻ˳ʱȻֻһӰŷҹʵһѾͬʱʱڳļͷһưѶԷ÷ɳȥɵľ룬;еĽײõȥ
⡭ҶҲһ
ǳ첻ŷҹһƵҲ̫Щһصչֳʵ
Ҫ֪ڿǸԼһҲǻ۷壬۷壬ȫһϣҲֻᱻϵԼˣ˵񾳷ֺŷҹˣ˵öԷһӵ˰ЧԼҲδؾô
ôԷ˵вڣпܵġ
㡭Ӻõ֮󣬿һѪǽŷҹҾ㿴۷
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ȼ֮һƵֱʹ󵽲󣬳ҶϿʱҲľܱƵóԼˣŷҹҲˣôһ֮£Ҫݱ棬Ӧԡ
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ȼôȻһöû𵽣ûƶһóҶҲˣ룬ڵĳֻ²𾪣ҪѪˡ
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ʵ֮ǿ·龳֮£ѾܵУҲòϣڰλһ֣Ҳδؾܰ£˲أʵȷʸ̸ҶҲסϣǰûаżŭŭˣǸٴĴۣҲ褴ߡ
ǲ̫ܣһҽڵϢ˳ȥô죿ŷҹЦЦǴҵķ֮бȽϰȫ
˵ţڳҶϴһ˻ƶԳɿռӡ
ĶӳȻҲǱһ֣̾ܵ˻ƶȥ
ӡôˣһոսĻ񾳣ǵ˻ƶŰ
ⷨɱڷֶϣҲнɣҶʵ
Ǻǣǻ˵һ褵ɡŷҹȴûйȥ̸ԼĻƶԼرܸһϤ˵̫ࡣ
褵⣬˵ҲЩѣһ⣬Ǹ֮ӺƣСһĵӣҲΪһϣûм̳֮ǰʵҲǲµģڴҲǰ벽龳Ҳ֡Ҷ˵󲻵ʵֺ֧ȢΪ檵ģӣǺƵʦ
Ŷŷҹһɻ֮ӣȻûдԼĸѧѧǰһײµĸΪʦƺЩΣһ˵͸ӿˣѵ˵ʲô⣬ƵʸԲŻôά𣿡


492 ͬ
˵Щϲ̨棬Ǹûʲôʣ츳Ҳֻһ㣬ֻһ꣬ײһаŵĹŮ֮֮ԪⱾһ΢ĩļû뵽ԴƽƽĺƣȻһ·˻񾳣Ȼִ˲ƣ
ҶԼһΪ֮µһˣĵг͵Ҳ࣬ɻ񾳵˵ǲ٣ֻûһȵ˵츳Ȼֻһ΢ĩķţȴϲԴάСӣټҲ֮ӣȻãһڵĺƣں˵Σĸӡ
Ŷԭһ棬ߣô˵ǸһٳɺƣĿľΪ褵ˣŷҹ΢΢ãκ˴Լŵ⣬Ҳ˵ȥ褵ҩ֮Ѿգѵʦ
ҲʥŮ褵̫ãѾԪǱһŮӸʮټòɣʿôŹҶ̾˿
ߣβɱЩˣˡŷҹŭ
ҸǸҲϣʵ֮ϣͨϣҲΪʲô֮ǰҲ˵Щԭ򡣡Ҷ˵Ҫ褣ͱȻҪһأ˵Ȼǻ㣬㣬ҲԼļƻ죬ûеĻҴһȥ
Ǻǣνòãг޳ҼȻڣȻκңҶɱһѪ·ŷҹȴν
ãʵ֮ϣĸһƴ֮мǣɱϾҲڵĴϣһΪߵĴϣɱǽͲ˵ˡҶ˵
ģԵĻҾͰѹҵĻƶ֮Уǵ򲻵ѵʱǾ͹˲ôˡŷҹ
ҶȻҲ֪ŷҹ˼ĻǿԷŹһŷҹԼо˳õĻѡֱնɱ˸鷳Ҳϧ
Ҳģ߻Ƿˣƴɱ֮ʱҪ֤ȻԼԼסĹǣֻ·һˡ
ˣ߰ɣǸСŮҵҲʮָȤʥŮֱǿзӡˣҵӵĴ㣬ֻϧƺǲ̫ˡҶ̾һ
ԼĵҲǴ⣬Ǿû񾳡
ҲǲܣֻҪܱ֤褵İȫûκģҿͬΪʦŷҹȴǵЦЦܵһʦҲ֮ңҿԴʺŮӣһ˵ġ
Ŷ褵Ҷȵʵ
Ȼԣҵ飬ֻҪҿڣȻΪʦŷҹ϶
ǺãһΪҰҪͬΪʦҶƺǶһϲ
һΪŷҹһѣ⵹һ¡
ˣʣȻѾΪʦɣгȥɣ͵ʲôҲ֪ɡҶŽʵ
лʦҶлȻŷҹһ֣żæ˳ȥ
εľҲðһЩʦԭǱ˽Ҵˣǿ̾ͻɥģû뵽Ȼô˳һĹʦѾˡ
϶ҲǿŷҹʵپҲ褵ʣʵóҶĶˡ
ŷҹ߰ɣǾһȥǸϼһϷŹ褵ĻҲͳһˡҶкŷҹ
ҲãھȥŷҹڲϤȻһ˴·á
ŷҹҲûָ˵Ҷ̫ܰæⲻһսмԼصҲһ飬תȦȥ褵ˡ
֮ǰӦҶ褰ΪʦҲܸںƽĻܸһʵĵطȥвٰǸƸ֮ҶҲʧΪһʦ
ŷҹ֮ҪȥѩĪһֱ褣Ҳ̫㣬ﰲȵҵϢ֮žۡ
ˡ
˲Ÿո߳Զһ
ٻǰȥҶһüͷŷҹҲһɣ˵ģ褵ˣҵ󣬾Ҫע⡣
ŷҹһͷҪȥڵĻʲôӣȻҶҪڻȻҲûʲô˵ġ
˶ԷʽʯϵϢûϸŷҹֻƾоĻǲһ
ҶҲһ·СĽξͽڴ
ʱѾ˲ٵĳϺʹϣҶĵҲûʲôע⣬ŷҹͺȻվ˳Ҷĺ棬ֻǾ˵
Щ˿ŷҹҲûȥʲôϾųҶ̴ϣȻʲô⣬пǸոսĳϣֻǲ֪ѡ
֪һٻʲô飿гš
µòĻӦΪ檵ɣ˵
һС檶ѣӦòеĳ˵ɣ
ǿ˵׼Ͼεһٳɵģòƶ̫ͬء
ȡ
һԣ̾ô֮о
ŷҹתͷһֻӵһݵˣĿ⾼һ¶ûʲôһݵ˾ò˼飬Ȼᣬͷȴ߶Ѿǰ׷ˡ
ȻЩŹ֣ǵһֵʱе̾ʧˡ
˾ܿΪôҶȻŷҹ
ʵϣҶһֱڷ龳֮£ΪҲǻ۷壬ڶԷΪȴʼնһֿ͸״̬
ǺǣһɡŷҹЦҲû˵Լ˶١
ϣ֪һʲôҪô
ȻǹںΪ檵飬²֪ʲôûУΧ˵
˭֪һٳɵģôһʣʱñ˶һ衣
ôҶͬ𣿡ʵ
ǵǣֻ褺εºܣС檣һһ֮Ůӣ˵ǲӦΪҵģǰЩڳһɱˣһҲӰȫʡǸŮƢıɱ˼һŮǰ
ֻһϣֽüΪֻڻ۷֮£ֻҪһЩʱգغܿ͵۷ˡҶţǷģʵһġ
Ҷû˵꣬ͷѾˣʱЩȣʱѾģΪŷҹѾվ˴룬ؿǸü


493 
ŮϿȥҲ󣬲ʵʵӦȴѾСˣǸЩƣʵ䱻ڸ
˵˭ǲ֮ŷҹָü˵˭һɱڸһᣬĿڵĻһԷһǻҪſڴƻƣݹҰնɱ
ʲôˣüȻǴϣĵλҲǲͣû˸
ǿ˵ӣúܣڵĳ϶ȴһʱҲˡ
Ҿ褵ɷŷҹŷҹؿŶԷղŵĻظһ飬ջظղŵĻһԷһȻֻһˡ
ʲôǸҩ֮ˣüʱЩŭݣ˭ģȻ˽ڣǵΪ
ǺǣӣΪɷȻҪѵ㲻ŷҹЦ
ߣʲôɷӣڵʥŮڵķ֧ڸǱڼ沢褾ڵĵӣһڣѾʧȥԼɷɣνɷ򣬵òǵϿɣֻһѡü̱˵
һССĻ񾳣Ҳ˶ҴСУҾ㿴ҵ֪Щˣ۵ġŷҹָüȥ
СӣҲǸոͻƵĻ񾳰ɣҿڻ֮ˣΪԶԸ𣿡üȻһЦ
΢΢һˣǰϵػûŷ˲ֳһ̫ͼ̫ͼתԶҲͣЪӡ
üƣ˵һƷǳ̫ķγɾ޴ķܰѶԷУһ֣תΪԼٷȥԵ˺ʵúܡ˿̫ͼ̾;ȵ
ţƵȷֻǸŷҹСӣô׿ùȥһҲҡͷ˵
褵ˣǺǣ褵ˣӦܵԽԶԽãȻҵǲ·ô˵֪ҩ֮崿ǸˣĻһ뾡κΰ취ҲҪŷҹɱ
ŷҹ˿üƣէһģģŷҹǺε۹⣬ֻԿ˼£Ѿ֪Ʒ޴ȱ
תƷ֮ͨе̫ȭЩͨĵطֻѡ
ȻҲȴž޴ȱݺǰһֱΪǧֻҪ㹻ļɾͿˣʵϣٶļɣҲҪ㹻֮󣬲ȥʩչ
ԲǧǲȫֻͿȥǡǡ෴Ҫ൱ǧǧʱ򣬲лȥ
ܶ˶˵ԼȫûܰѶԷǧһʵֻ˵һ֣ǿԼԼʹõҪܽ赽˸߳ļ֮⣬ԼҲСˡ
ƵͨһûͨȷǿԷ˵ķŷҹķԶǿƩ緵龳ǿͨҲˡ
˿ŷҹȻǷ龳ҪȻüҲܸҳˡŷҹֻüķͣȴǿˡ
£ŷҹΨһĽǰܣûκεܣΪڷͨϣüĶ֡
ŷҹǰ̫ӰȻ֣Ҿ㿴ԴһУһû֣֮ȡְɡ
˵Ѿһ̳Ӱ˲͵̫ͼ֮ǰֱ̫ͼеһ㡣
Ǻ֣˿龰Ѿҡͷۡ
ԳɷСӣһ޴ҵˣȻҪƿƣҪ֪µľһҲ˵
ţȷˣƾͨһ֧ܶһЩʱ䣬ȥƵĻֻ˲ˡ
һڵĳ϶Ƿ׷ҡͷѾȥѾˣŷҹջᱻƵ̫ͼߣȻٷľŷҹԼ˵һܾҪСӵҲûзĻˡ
顭
̫ӰͻȻһΣ޴Ȼüŷҹ˵⣬ͻȻĹâ֣κ˶淢ʲô
ûκһǸΪߵʱؿųУȴüŷҹ֮˵
ոյĹâôģû֪ǵӡƺûֱĹӰǼȻˣҲǴǰûпüԼ޸ĵͨ
һǿԿ϶ģǾⲻŷҹŪġ
ȻŷҹŪģüҲ⣬ǻʲôֻҪŷҹɱܾ߱ˡ

һƬ紵еĹӰɢڿеˣһ˰ȻһȴѾأǻѪ
Ӱɢڿˣ˵۽ǶǶһ£Լǿˡ
ոչӰʼɢʱ򣬾Ѿ˾òԾˣҲֻһͷЩ˲ڿ϶վŵ˾Ȼŷҹһ¿õü
ʲôһҲƵͨ
ĻҲ̫˰ɣ
ô㻹Ҫ˵ʲô𣿡ŷҹһ̧ѾָüĲӡ
ɱңüȻŭȴ˿Ҳ£㲻Ҫˣڣɱң˵Ҫ褣ҲһӲø죬ҡ
ҲҪӵõҾҵӣҾֻѪսڡŷҹȻΪǶΪڲҲҪѸλҪɱңֻǲһصĴûˣҲ˵𾡣ڳһ˻ҵĽ£ŵĻԣ㣬üĳϣҲûлΪˣΪǲӵǸĻھͻҵĽ£ǵһǻһôѡԼǰɡ
󵨡ʱڿڣŭĿŷҹҲʲôˣڴ֣ҪɱڳϣѾһĳϣ
ŷҹ˵һҪʥŮ褸֮ӺΪ檣һ˵ģ㿿һ߶Ұüˣٹ
µĳ϶ѾȻȻ˸Ͽ߶վĻŶëȻĸоù찡
ŷҹأأأ
һôŷҹĻһ֣ͳŷҹȥ
ƣŷҹȴǵһЦǰһһüĹӰҪ̫ͼͱ۳
ӰתҲ̿ǾȻ֮ǰüĳùͨ


494 ѱ
ŷҹȻҲͨܰͨŵģô˻᣿
ŷҹ˳ҿĳϻҪӾͨһĳ֮ǰ̫Ӱֻ̫֮Σת֮Ҳģµúܵλȴһŷҹ̫ӰȴǰƵľ趼˳תϢͬʱĿޱȡ
ΪûƵͨϷͻᱻƭ𣿡˿ᣬȻһȥ
ԭǻûģ
ӴҶˣŷҹǹӰͨӰ񣬶Ż񾳵ԪûӰȻȥǻǻ󣬼ȻͨǾֻŻˣȫûκεɱ
ڼȻʶˣŷҹټ
Ǵ۾ǣŷҹȻ˿ⱻ˲һǼЦţŪһ޴̫ͼȻ㿴ˣȻƣȴҲ˵ĻûͼȻΪһ𣿡
Ŷлթ
µĳ϶һ㶣ǿϵӰ޷˵ȥǶʱȻ
ŷҹǽƻһûͼȴ˵ɲǻûģôҶȥ²õĵʲôͨһԥĻͻһ˵ĻᣬϺεȵȫûԥؾȥŷҹעҪˡ
ϵһƣɸĳϲһһƾǻһ񾳻ɢġ
ۡ
ᴩ̫ӰȴûпǹӰ˲ɢĳ
ףЩϾȣ΢΢ˣȻԼķԪйǸ̫ͼǱԷһ
ã
ѾʶЩԣæѺķջһ֣ˣ̫ͼ΢΢һת޴ʱĿ֮
ӰȥһȻǱ̫ͼ˻
ǡ
ĿɿڴؿһĻﶼǧֻڱڶ
˵ǻûͼԭ治ǻûͼҲˣŷҹ˵Ҳ費ʲô
ոմҶΪԼµòŷҹҲϣǲ˲֣ǲŷ֣ԭһʼǾûв¶ԣΪ˵ŷҹˣֶβʹʱʵѾȦס

һƵƵ˻ȥŷҹĽȴȻüĲϣֻҪһ̾ͻҪü
ϣΪܱҸ죬ɱĳ֮ǰնҵ׼;ԣһΣҲЭûκεأֻҪκζһ£ģλĳϣǺǡŷҹЦЦתü֮ҲҪʲôԹҲܿ˭ġ
ŷҹ⻰һ˵ѾЩĳϣǰԼıɿҪԼȶûʲôҪ˵ǽ˽Թǿɾе鷳ˡ
ŷҹҲһöԸˣȥԸ൱ΣյģټôһǳɹˣҲһܵõüĺøУ˵ԷﻹǺԼ˵ԼǹǰŷҹֵģʧˣǾ͸ʵҪ赶ɱ˵ĶֻԿռ˵¶ɵӲŻԸɡ
СӣΪ𣿡ȻˣȴûˣƷصԼģʱѾ˲ٵһȻЩǱʵûʲôʵʵ˺
ǺǣһƣҪĻҵȷ̫СˣΪ뷨Ҳ̫Сˡŷҹȴ˿ɫֻǽüϵĲȥƺʲôطȥֻظһҸո˵ĻҽüոճԲѷ飬֮ǰκ˶ҪôһСǳе𡣡
Ȼô˵ţŷҹϣаСӦеǫǷǽҲ˵ţκ˶ܻ˵Ļ
֮ǰȥŷҹǱüùһʽƸˣٳֻˣ˭Ҳұ֤᲻ͨӣŷҹѾһΣɲֻǵǳֻ֣Ҫ˭һʱüֱ̫ˣüǻڶԷĽء
ûаһЧ˾͸ûˣһʱ䳡ڵ˶Щ˵ĿⶼüϣҪλʹ˵ĳϣʲôѡ
Ǵѧģüڿŷҹ֮ȱ˻Ҫǿҡ
ڵҲֻһƣҲһƷͨɵĵһˣŷҹƷͨȴҪӾ죬ˡ
ɲΪŷҹ͵ѧģҪ֪ԼǿߣŷҹõͨҪǿ͵ѧҪֺôĻǴҾͲȥʦˡ
ʵĲ⡣ŷҹĽһüĲ̾ͳһѪۣѪ˳Ųȥ
㡭üû뵽ֻôһʣȻöԷˣȻûֱɱΪҲ㹻ѿˡ
üΪĳϣŷҹУһûУֻһ׸ţָо˭ˡ
ҪҵģڹĵĶҪһʲô˵ͨġŷҹ˵ȥĻֻֻεĻ˵ˣһҿ϶ڴ̵ҪԼǰɡ
üɫѿҲòͷŷҹոҳԲѷ褲ԭ£ҪҼƽϡ
ⷬ˵ûκα飬ŷҹѾˣһڳ˵ֻѾܲˡ
֪͸ĵķϣҸĹĻᡣŷҹһ֣üʱͱһķɣ䵽˴Ľ
ŷҹгɣ飬Ҳô˵ġüѪƺΪŷҹһˡ
Ҫڷһ츳׷ҵĿԣ̫ˡŷҹ˵ȴʵü濴ȥϣʵʵȴ֪ѾˣŷҹȴһʮˣǸóҶĽʶʤһ
˵üΪߣŷҹüʱ׷ϵĻȫпܣǡǡ෴ŷҹʺΪüߣֱСö֮࣬ĽѾעˡ
ŷҹԸϷһ˵˰ɣȴʵ
֮ǰüڶԷϣ㶯֣üȻŷҹ׷˳ȥֻ˵һѣŷҹһ֪ˣôٵȥ֪˼ȥء
Ҫʲô˵ŷҹ
Īڵ˿ҰĵطڳϣͿ𣿡Ц


495 ɽ
ҪôҴһ֮áŷҹЦոѾ˵ʰǸü֮󣬾ֵˣ㲻ңҲҪġ
󵨣˶˵ˡŭ㲻ҪΪոһƣ֤жͨǣݵһСԴ󡣡
Ҳò˵ˣҪ֤ҵôôͨŷҹȴ˿ûαװǺҪЦһֱҷַӾƵһ̴ͨбҪֶ֤ҵҿúҪΪֻһƣֻĳϵľɲҵġ
ҲһݣǸոջǺˣƵŷҹͨԷһ˵ڵͨôǶԷأ
룬ĳø࣬޵ͨŷҹóôĻǲ֪޵ͨʲôٶȣ
ŷҹǲöԸһҪ֣ҲҪעһ£ܱҪĿ꣬ǱˣŷҹȲ˵Լ׼׼ˡ
ϣŷҹڣдϺͳһ𣬰֪Сɱüʱ޺޵˵
ոձŷҹҪЮ˵ǸĻȻǼǾһ˵ĻҲŷҹĶˣһڣ̾Ҫ˶ϡ
гһ𣿡ŷҹתͷüɫ֮Щмĳ϶кĺⰡǴԣһĻ˭ȶ֣Ҿɱ˭֪ĳԸԸһֵˣġ
üʱһ֣ⲢûʲôŷҹѾ˵˭ȶ־ɱ˭ԶԷʵɱҲǲܵģƴҲҪȥɱŷҹ
Ȼᣬ˻񾳵ˣһɵӣҪɱԷҲҪԼǰ²ſԣԼˣɱ˶Էʲôôء
üɵȥתͷ֮ȴִҵĿⶼѾϣ̾Щ
ɵҲɵȻҪʲôӦһ˶ֵӣȲֵɵһ
ҲףҪһɱŷҹֻЩ̫ܣΪû˸ҵһ֣еĳ޶תƵԼȥǲҪҪ㹻ʵС
Ȼĳ϶ҵһĻǻϵɡŷҹìͷһתַŵ˵Ҫָ˵ҪΪֻ˵˵ѣְɣҿڵһʲôӣȻĳҪһĻǾͼס˵Ļ˭һ֣ұȻɱ˭ǧΪҷֲ˭ǵһǺųֵʱҲҪСˣŪ˭ǵһֻԼùˡ
ڳ϶ЩСʵ̫ͷˡ
ֵ֮Ļб˳˻͵ϮְѸղһ˵˳⵹Ҳûʲô
ֻһֵģֳҪĿ꣬һ˵˭һֻ֮ĻʱȽϴΪŷҹں̶ܴȶ֪˭ǵһֵģҪ˳ֵʱ࣬ɱҲܡ
Ȿģ˵֮ȴ˶һع˼ɡ
˭ǵһȻùǺҪǸ̫ˣɱ׼ŷҹҲһ̹ȳֵġ
Եһ˳֮Ҫֻһʱŷҹ˭ȳ֣Լ԰ȫôһҲѵһֵ˳׸ˡ
˭֪飬Եʱܻһ˭ֵ
Ҫ֡ʱ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȴվϣŷҹҴ
Ŷԭ㣬̴ϣ۾˳ҶĿ˲ơ
һģȻЩçײ褱ϾӣʵҲڲƽ޹һǿУϣӦҲ˼ɣҶֱ׳˵
ڳ⻰ȴҲ΢΢ͷ˵ҲǴ
ŷҹչֳѾǳԽǾ󲿷ֳϣǴˣΪǿߣһɣ£Ķ󣬸οŷҹţΪˣպʵ治֪Ҫɳʲô̶ȣ˵˶ֵ£Ļ治֪ɻҪ£ʲôˡ
ǲ£ҲȥΪУȴӡ˼ҵţ˼Ҳġ
˵˶ںҪҲˣֻΪ˸֮Ӻƣһп޵С檣ֺͿκ˶ôġ
Ϊ˶һС檣ˣʵ̫ˣ˭ôȥ˵
΢΢һüͷ漴ֿŷҹϷȲ褵δ˽ڴ֣ѾﲻˡϷȽѵһ˵֮飬ɡ
ҶҲͷһϼһҪŷҹΪѣ˵ֻƺһֻ׷ŷҹɽ˵飬һҶҪٲ֣ҲǺˡ
ŷҹʱ򣬶ԷҲ΢΢ЦҲ˵ˣһսѾǲɱ⣬Ϊ˵С檣ҾͲòһѵ
˶﷢ŷҹûиոûгȫֱǸͨƭȥˣĳϻУûǿڵĻȥ϶ȫʩչ
ŷҹǲ˵᲻һδ֪ȻƶԷ¶Էȫ
СӣҵҪ㵽жͣȻ͸ŵңҾ㸶һЩ֪һţҲҪúԼ棬Ȼһǵ˲ǵˣͻɱ֮˵ŷҹȥ
ÿ̤һоһ£һƿǰǿͺһɽһصŷҹѹȥ
ⲻʲôڵͨǿǿɽƣѹŷҹĻռ䡣
ɽǲɽ˾е
벻ʩչĲɽȻǿֵزĳҲš
ЩսȦ֮ˣѾܹо˾޴ѹ˵ȦĵǸŷҹˡ
˿ŷҹӿǲҲҪͷɢˣôѹ֮£ʯͷҲѹˡ
ŷҹȷǸо˾޴ѹܲ˵ĳ̶ȡ̧ͷϵҲ紵죬ֻǴʱȴһ˿ŶûУƽ
ͨ𣿿Ҳ˶ѡŷҹŶԷֻôһ͵Ļֻ˵Ҫң㻹ԶԶʸ񡣡
ҲͣؿŷҹⲻɽֻǲŸոտʮ֮һѣҪӡҲӲֻǼ򵥵ķӡǿɲҪģڣִĳϣҲһвɽɡ


496 
˵ͻȻһΣ仯ǧһ㣬ÿһƺһλãӰŷҹȥÿһӰһĻһ˲䣬ŷҹЩۻˡ
ɽžͨİڰɡ
ЩӰ˷Զŷҹ˵ȻǱ޴ѹѹмһλãûа취ʹʩչԼ
䡭
һŷҹԷĶԺ䣬Ȼûа취㣬Ǵʩչ˼£ԭҲһܻûӰÿһƶԷԣֺá
ԭӡÿҪһĿռ䣬ͻȻǿײʱ޴ıըȻѣȻһ
ŷҹǵǵ߲Űվȣ΢΢תѸոܵһ˿𵴸ѹȥ
ȷǿŷҹӲȷǳ˸С⻹ԸԤڲͬҪŷҹӡݺģŷҹȻƾӲƴһԼˣȻ⡣
Ϊǽ𣿡ȴǳˣɽֻһʼѣΪովǰѲɽȫסˣǲŴش
һӣ֮ȻɳһǶǽȥһӵƣۿˣһܿƵһдš֣֡һǿһɽ
һʱҲһӱóΧĿռ䶼Ƹѹһ
ŷҹȻҲǿơ
ɽ˵һ˵֮еɽѾûҵõ˵ɽʧˣҲ˵ɽûıĥֻǴһռ֮УֻҪܵõܽɽ
ŷҹֻڼ֮еõⷽϢҲȷǲģΪʦҲȷЩϢԴǼ١
ڿɽĴ˵ǼٵģȴУ൱СıԷӳǻһ鷳
ոյʱӦѾоǿôǿķĻǿɾĲ֪Ҫôźˡ
ոһʱֻǸССͻȻ֮ӭ籩ǣת˲ͺһɽһŷҹѹ˹
ɽһģо޴磬ŷҹоԼ嶼ҪǾ޴͸ˣϵ·һѿѾԲסһ
侲
ֽʱ̣ŷҹȴԼѸٵسûõģȥĴײֻǰԼ޶˵ĵնɱͻס
ڲûȥκη̣Ǳ۾ϸظΧһб仯ҲĹ⻪ƺѾ˵ֿҪ·һ
Ǻǣ֪ҵ𣿡Ц
ϵĶȴһҲûһŷҹѹȥ
Ȼ䣬ŷҹ̧ͷ۾ﾫâһе񽣣ͻȻһ޿赲ɱ
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һ¾ƣлҲʤааɷ֮Ǹģȴǳ콣Ϊɱĳɱ
ɱɱɱ
һնûκεĻطأȻ֮⡣
Ųɽͨѹһɳɱǰ׷߽⣬ͺǷˮõ˻ѩ֮һҲκβŷҹ
ಡ
һƵ·ŷҹѾһ޷˵һ̶̣ĽĦĳ϶ǽüһǾͿǿһʩչɽѹŷҹƣѾ±˰ƴСǱŷҹԼĽϡ
ϵǲлˡŷҹһգ־ӵ˻ƶԳɿռ
۾һһƷķھȻŷҹ־͸ˣȻڵŷҹȷЩǱԼʧȥһ˵ǳԿĻԿԵôˡ
һ棬˸ӳԾǣŷҹϾȻװĴ﷨Ҫ֪ͨ仯ķһĴ߼ǬָܰװȥҲ֮԰ƴԭˡ
ŷҹȻһûˣΪŷҹ˵ԭ򣬻˵ŷҹŸķ
ʵںһ֣Ϊŷҹӽȡµʱؿɢһâ˵һȱڣѾиˡ
Ȼ⽣Ҳȫûˣ˵ȴʶӡҲ˵ŷҹһ͸֮ҲָˣŷҹҲ˳ذǶ
ˣ˵Էһķû¶Ѿ¶ģҲ㹻˰Ծˡ
ǰѽǰѹŹֵĽȥֻеŹ֣ԽԽľҸҪǣѽȻܴ͸Уûм˵Ķ
һССŷҹУȻ͸ķȷǰŷҹСˣһص˶Է
ǧͷȻͼǰһ󾪣ʶովȻˣǰսûнȻڴս֮ˣҪİ
ѾˣŷҹΪŴУֻᶼץסĻҲ̫һʱ򣬽Ѿĺ֮ϣһ֣Ҳһؿס˶Է
ס֣
һƾճֵķ΢΢һ˦֮䣬ǧ߰ŷҹĽס΢΢ԱһȻŷҹ
ķҲģ˿Ȼƫǵŷҹ΢΢һ˷ԪʱҲϵǧߡ
ŷҹСѣӣԶʥŮ褵ɷ򣬵µӳʧ񣬻֡һжԿ֮ǷҲûг֣ӵһӰһϣŷҹʱȴЦ棬˿ĵ
Ŷ˵ǳ褵ɷ𣿡ŷҹԷٶ֣Ҳһա
ǺǣŷҹС˵ﻰǰȮӲ֪ʵ飬ȴҲˣȻҪԼӣôװ֪ءЦ
ŷҹƲƲ죬ĵӵϣֹҪװ֪ǼֱҪɱ֮ٵ¶ûз
ŷҹҲûٶֵ˼˾ǳӣΪѾ˷龳֮ϣŷҹԷǳΪ˵Ϊвġ
ԷֵĻҲԸȥƣ֮ˣȴǲòЩһ£ڸͲԼ̸еĻᣬʱʱ̶̿һ˵
Ȼ˵ǳԼ褵ɷһоͺ˵ˣͲٴȥҲҪģҲϣһȫĵطиʱȥѩĪˡ
ĴеĻǲ
ȻˣǾͰ褽ɣҿɲЩٴȥŷҹҲЦ
мҪһ֮˵褵ɡӿ̾˸ŷҹΡ


497 ˼
ִ϶ûУҲǼǰһλҿҲ֪ŷҹλûҪ
ŷҹȻֻǻ񾳵ΪѾõӵϿɣһΪŵĴҪǿҲȷִܵ
ڵĿˣǲɣɲǸ͵ģȰ褽г˵ŷҹɲϵһ̣Ͷһֲġ
Ȼ˵úܺãԼʦܶ˵ӣһŵʲôģƺûʲôѶȡ
¸ҲйϵģȻڵʥŮڵķ֧Щ飬ҲôΪ֪еԵɣֱֻһˡӵȻЦ
Ŷйأŷҹԥһ£ȴɻʲô񣬻йأʲô
ҲãҾͿʲôˡŷҹͷ
ӷԸӴ
ǺǣóΪ־ˣ龳ٽһȻһڵĴȴ񶼹һһ㣬ವϢ
һĺۣ׶ڸǵǸ޴Ķ˿ôһ޷͸ĸо
ˣΪҲǷ龳ô겻û뵽ټʱҲΪˣǹϲˡȻЦţԷصǾŵ֪µ
Ǻǣֺα֪ʣǰ϶ڵʥŮɱһСӣҲ֪ʲôǱǸʲôʥŮײУȻܷ飬ɱҾųϵ˽ҲøڵĵӽؿӣƺҪ͸Էʲô
ȴ֪飬ںȻͬһҪˣƺҲ̫׵ɣӵ
ѵǸڵʥŮЦǶǶˣְϷҼȻˣѾȷǸŮ˾Ҳ˵ˣڸͬһڶˣһˣֻĵ㣬Ů˽ңȴǰһ鷳
ȴҸһ˰ɡ޳ŷҹһָλʥŮ褵ɷŷҹ֪˵飬֪֪ӵ
ŷҹǸɱڶ೤ϵСӰɣѾע⵽ŷҹڲ׶Էݣ̤ЬٴȫѹȻҲðҲһˡ
ŵڤ𣿺ǺǣòûΪܵÿ죬ûܵĻֻڤѾȫˡŷҹҲؿŶԷҺ褸ǾԹ޳ȴ·Ϸǣ˵ɱǵĳϣǰǾȫˣҲеѡ
СӣһеҵҪжıµģ˵ֿޱߵĻ˶ʱԷŭ
չضֱ꣬Լɷ龳ʱųؼһλһ˵ڵʥŮҩʥ壬ֻҪ˫޾ͻĪĺôʵٴôŹֺûᣬ̾Ͳȥ褡
һбܽеģΪڵӣҲǷ龳ΪԵ޹ȥӣҲʲô£ܲɫŮץõĴԪȻٺò
˭֪صص͹ŷҹǵսʲô˶ûֵŷҹɱ˲֪ٵĳϵӣЩ˵ɣȫŷҹĽ
ֶ˵ô̵ܹȥҪָ˵ھȶ֣ڸøɸɾʥŮҲˡ
Ҳ˵褵֮ѾƳˣҩʥ廹ž޴ãֻҪõ֣һж
ûʲôɣŷҹɱϵӣͳǵˡ
˼
Ҳ˵ʲôһǴɱУʱڵĴ֮Уɨй˸λ裬͹𺣣⴦Ļþһ޷԰һ㡣
ŷҹǰı仯Ҳ⸱龰һĻþʵ̺ɱһע⣬ܾܿ˶ԷȦס
ƩεĹ꣬ȥȫãǶԷһͨǰɱ̺ڻþ֮УЩʱ̶ܱɱ˵
ŷҹҲֻ˲ȶȻˣǶŷҹǽ˵ӰȴСġ
⽣
ŷҹһȳεĺ⽣ͻȻһ±޾Ĺââǿ̫һ㣬ʱڻЩ޾Ļ𺣣εĹ꣬ȫС
תͷʱֻҲֻڶţûվӡ
˼Ҳ˶ѡŷҹŶԷȴҲֺ¶ҪɱҵĻûó汾ղСϷͲҪŪ׳ˡ
˵ɫʮѿոһбҲʲôСϷǲ֪Сӵϣôһ֮ôǿҵıȻ龳ڤƵһƵɣЩӡ
СӣҾ㿴Ҿţһʲô³ģҪΪҾͲɱ㡣˵仰Ǹոһ̧һʵֻǸԼҵӶѡ
ڵĴϸҶûɱΪڸڻһ˿飬ڵҲҵݣȻӡ褣ȴû˺ҳֻ߷ǶǾ˵ҳֵ³ǰ㳹նɱŷҹ˿˵ΪǷ龳Էǻһ
СӣЦΪ龳ɱɣٲϻſȥ
ӰͻȻһ䣬ɫӰӣִλŷҹȥ
ӰȻ϶ϢȴȻͬľˮУȻһ˵ϣȫˡ
ʱڤķӡ󣬲֪Ҫ˶١
һУǾΪ֮ϲĬ©ȥ˵ȫûġ
Ӱֽӡķʽȴǰŷҹ׵طӡ
ҪƿҲǲܣֻҪǿֶΣȥԷӲӲֻҪܰѶԷʵѹȥҲûа취ŷҹˡ
ֻϧԷôŷҹƿأ˼ҿǷ龳׼һ㣬ԲŻ᲼ֻӲƴķ
ľˮӡ
ŷҹͻȻ˦䣬䶼һӣһ˦֮̾ͲʹһתɫâӰȥ
ţ˼ʶ㣬һ۾ͿַĲ֮
ûʲôɱĹӰˣȴҲЩĥƫƫü죬ת֮Ѿ˹Ӱĸǰ


498 ɷ
ߣΪƿҵĹӰͻȻһӰƱǣȥĴ˷ܼһ

ʵķһƺǱӰƸɢˣ漴ӰʱһŤת糣ӰͻȻһʧȥ˷һ㣬Ҳʧˡ
˴󾪣óǼ䲻ȴû뵽ô죬ǸӹǣܸӦԼĹӰţȴǲ֪
ſռһӰֳˣֻǵλȴ˾޴ı仯ǰƿ˵ǵûˣӰ޹վĸѾ֪ˡ
⽣ˢطɹÿӰ϶һ֮󣬹Ӱ׵ɢˡ
ɷ֮˵⽣ȻĿǣߵΪá
СӣòϷץ㣬㻹ˣʲô˵ͨƣҲס
ŷҹһյķ񽣣֮ߣž޴ԼϾǷ龳Ĳ㹻ŷҹֻΪһѽһ񾳵Сռôıˡ
һΣԳģҳ֮䣬ѾǼԼķ
ɷ
֮ļһȻôأȻһž޴Ĺ
ŷҹҲ˿Сոյֻͨ̽˱Ҳ֣ǲôöԸˡ

ŷҹľȿû׾ͽԷɱиžͼɷޱȵƣŷҹѹ˹
ȻɷƣһȴƮĸоʵʵڵѹѹԷ龳ʵһɷĳص޿ɿܡ
˲̳ͬȥ޻ص¾ƣնɷϡ
ϡ
Χ˶Ƿ׷תԪϢΪѾܴ̼ǵˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼýɷ̴ǳ롣˳Ц
֪ŷҹⲢֻ룬ոһҲɷȴһŷҹ̴ˣֻŷҹ龳ʵһЩĲ࣬ԸһӦ֣Ļѽ̴֮һɷǻǾܰ쵽ġ
𣿡ŷҹȻһûгɹȴҲû˿ҲԤ֮УƱעҪġ
˵ͻȻһһͺ⽣һһͬʱ̳ɷϴ̳ǵʱͻȻһȻҲһɳ߿˵ײȻ֮ײǸ޴ɷϡ
ɷĳأ󶦵ǰƺͱһЦһײ֮䣬ɷʱҲһҡΣʩչͨҪһ
ǡ˾ȵطɷȻѿΣգû뵽ŷҹСӵķȻ̶ֳȣ붼벻
£æһƣָ⻮ƵģһѪűһѪ䵽ɷ֮ϣѿ·̾Ϳʼƴ޸š
޸һŸӾ޴עɷŷҹԭһƣȻһ㱻ٴѹ
СӣǷ龳ҪˣٶķҲһ񾳣֮֮֮УɱңǲҲŷҹ޷̵˵
ĵв龳ŷҹ˿ҲȷǵΣյʱ̣ѾѷԪ߶˼㣬Ǹ龳ž޴Ĳࡣֲò⡣
ˣüȻ龳Ǿڵ龳ҪɱҲô׵ģŷҹʱԳ뿪
Уˣոһͷŷҹ̾ʹ
һεĿΪ褶һˣҲζţƱػڱ˵
ڵֻǰ褷ӡڶ֮У˵ǺɾͲˡ
˵ûб˴ߣ֮ǰһУµϣΪһܣҲ͵Ȼ޴ˣȻˣһҲӣʱڻ˭Լ檣Լƾʲô
ǧͷŷҹͷһȴᶨսľġ
ϰ׹ʱѹŷҹ֮ȼղ٣һƵĺҲƵȥǲûоʹ˶ɢֻŷҹ˶һ޴ĹЩ֪֮Ҫôһ
ħ󣡡
ŷҹЩ֮ȴǵȵ
ħʱӻƶȴһƬ𺣣һɵķ䣬ȻΪӻµĻˡ
ǻħȻȻҲͻƶԷһ֮Ȼ˲٣Ҫ˵ɱˣǻǲ̫Զ̫Զˡ
ŷҹɱǲܵģǷ龳һ֮󣬿ôɱ㣬ôɱ㣬ȫûʲô赲ˣɡЦոлߣȴѾߣȴѾˡ
ôߣȻסңҽĿɱ㣬ȴߡŷҹȻ˵ˣ㲻װˣ֪ʱѾˣߣȻͿ԰Ҫ褣⣬ӵ㣬ڲӣֻûлˣұնɱڴ˵ء
ɱңʲôɱңһ˵һ߰߶Ÿ֮
ȻǷ龳ҲֻǸոͻƲãڷûôͨԸ֮ͨоǸӻķԪ
ҲŷҹѲΨһ̵ģԼķԪԶŷҹӻôȥʤģһԼˡ
Ϳţɱġŷҹ⻰һ䣬ͻȻĹâһ䡣
֮ǰİ׹⣬һӱѪ⣬ѪɫĻ棡
ŷҹȻȼ
ȼգһ޼ɵȼգҪԼչⰡ
ڹսڶ೤ϣʱǰһĻ׷׾ȵ۵
ȼǽ֮ͷһ˭Ըȥõġ
һ˵ʼն޵ģû˻Լ̫ЩʿȻһҪʵϣһչȥˣ˭Ҳ֪Լߵͷ֮ǰ᲻ͻƣͻˣٽһƲˣͨû
ȼһ͵ʧȥһֽĻᣬԲĸˣʮϧ˭Ҳʹá
˱ƲʹˣҲŷҹɲһȼţֱɱ
ѪɫĻ죬ŷҹ֮лſ۾ָһ㣬ƶתɵķһͬĻƶѻƶŰ
һµķ󣬸ڼȼŷҹͻȻ֮һ˿
䡭
ŷҹͷƺǱըһȱһ֮


499 ̫
֮һɫ׵翦һŷҹ׵ڿоѾûޣɾһֵ·ģӡŷҹʶ֮С

ֱ̫ˣȻڻָ
ָΪٴͻˣ
ʲôͻͻˣ
һĻϵ𾪵Ըӡ
ŷҹһŶʮˣ񾳾Ѿ˾ˣܴĻ۷Ѿ漣ˣƺûߵޣչʾţٽһң˵棬ˣ
龳ֱ֮һ죡
ڿŷҹĿ⣬˸֮⣬ոŷҹ˵ʱҲż֮䣬ڣ֪ԼļƻƫǿѹȻɾŷҹ
ǣţô˵澳֮У£˶ط򣬴ӶͻƵ˷֮أ
һж⣬עŷҹͻ
ȻѾǲܿܵˡ
һŷҹȻſ۾ǰһµķģ
ҲǽŵӣԽҲǸйأոŷҹڶ⣬ȼͷȻײһ˿ͨ콣壬Ӷһ̤뷵龳
ˣǰһ񾳵ˣжѵһٴӻ񾳲龳ǸϼѣԼĻ㹻֮⣬֮ĻԵ
ԵҾҵģŷҹֻԵȴıԵųֳģΪ褵Юڱ˵ϣֺαôðգðգʲôʱͻƷ飿һꣿʮꣿⶼûй̶Ĵ𰸵ġ
˵Եⶫֻȴ޷Ѱ
ˣȻҽ뷵龳ˣŷҹһɨա
ոЩӳʢޱȵ֮˿£׷׶߽˪ա
ҲǷ龳㲻ǸͬȵΪѣƾҪɱңǻԶء˵ţȴѾˡ
ոСֻһ񾳣Ѿ²̨˲ٵӣãһ˫˷龳ӵĻǿɾд鷳ˡ
ͷֻ΢΢һ̾ͱŷҹѿ֮С
ɷͻȻ֮䱻һֻѹסҲ޷ջȥϷֺܡ
ŷҹ㲻Ҫ̫ŭ
ߣ̫ŷҹҲ⣬ҸǾԹ޳ȴͼɱңҵӣȴֵߵڰףҪҵȥɵҵǲ֪˭̫Ҳգ㽲ֻ˷ѿˮѣ˵ʲôʲôɣ죬ҾҪ̫Σ
˿̵ŷҹڳ˾Եǿʵ̫ô
ˣŷҹһ㲻ǲȥɣԼĻȥˣȴڿ˵Ǳ̫ģŷҹҲûʲô
㣿۵ľ㣬ӻأ
ץסɷͬʱ⽣Ƿһն˵ĺ
⽣Ӱһ̳ģִŷҹĽⷨ򣬸ӰѽϢϢѾ˵ǰ
˵ҲǷ龳һȻΣǸоһ˿ΣǷ龳ֶܵĸӦԼܵΣֵʱ򣬶һЩ֮ϵĸӦͲĲʲôܱܵȥס
ˢ
һӹ֮ͷܹһͷȴûôˣʱŷҹն¡
ʮնͷ˰ģŷҹʵѲ񾳵ʱҪԼûа취Сƫƫӣ˭ʱȻֽ˷龳ͬǷ龳ʱôԼӶôأ
Ǹʲô̥
û˸𰸣ΪʱѾûʱȥˣŷҹĺ⽣ܴһٴһǧһ򽣣أܶùһǶùһǧһ
ֻǶܣڷ龳ĸ˵ѾǱˣҪһ㲻ȥĻֻ龳ģΪ뱣סˡ
ŷҹһȼ̫ЦˣΪⶫȼյһȼ֮󣬻ûдﵽܵĿأ˵ȼӵˣٻ೤ʱ䣿ûа취һĻǲǵڰ
ʱѸپһжϣȥˣԽǼ֣ԼԽǲ
ŷҹСӾһ̥ŸոսܰԼԵģ˭֪ٹһϤ˷龳ʵ֮󣬻᲻ʲôĹʱܣǱڻҪϼˡ
һ뵽˾ʱǼȾһֱǹƼ
ȫԪһӾȴǶȻעɷ֮Уıⶫˣ͸ҲĶȥˡ
޴ʯڵõЩԪ֮ҲǶȻһŷҹƿأ˵ķȥ
ܣܵȥŷҹҲ⣬߶ƶȴǱɷ죬ವصס˶Էȥ·˵ͷ޷˵ײ˹ȥ
䡭
οɾͲʲôмɵĲУǴʵĶһϵģոսŷҹʤǸҪ뷵龳ˡ
ɷոѾƹΪ˵һѪҺ̾ͻָ˹ڣƶһײ˹ȥֱӾͰɷײ֩ѷ졣
۵һѪıҲźܴϵײˣԼҲҪܵ˺
һҪȥ߶ҲôˣǰֻһѪУҪѪſ԰
̧ͷʱ򣬲ŷԼ̫ˣŷҹûиѪĻᣬƶȻһֱײ˹ȥ
顭
Ӳޱȣ˺Ժɷˣǳ׵ˣضɷµӣȥֱһʩֳ
ۡ
һѪһΪһǱģֻѪô磬ɷҲٻָԭеĲģڿѾҪˡ
ҪʲôϻǵȻˣ
˻һ˿ϣһ˿ϣѾˣѾһУֻܴӳȥ
һڶڻûгɹҪŸΰġ롱ȥˡ
ǣȥ
⽣նһͨÿһһذ˶һ޴ͲӵԶˡ
ֻǴʱ˻ûвֻ۶Ǹ޴ĻƶǸܰɷײĴֱӰҳҲˣֱӾﱻ˸ˡ
ƶûŷҹҲûжڲһõĻᣬһӵʱ̾ͱˡ
һĽڵȵ굽Ȧɵӣһնǽһʹ찡


500 ֻһѵ
ˣȻ龳ǴⶼǿۣңȴΪ֮ûв𣿡ŷҹЦҲ֪񾳸龳֮䣬ȷ֮֮УҲò㣬Ȼ㲻ǻ񾳣֮սҲͬ񾳸龳һû˿Ļˣ
С㲻ҪΪ˾ô۸ģڱƵ˼ޣȻ׼ҪȼԼˡ
ҲǿǾսһУȼǲȡʤĻǾ͵˵Ҳûаˡ
ŷҹûеȼ֮䣬֮гһֻ޴ӡֱӰѶԷһĵ˵档
ֱıˣ˵ȼҪǸˡ
Ȼ˵ҲǷ龳Ǳĵ˵֮£һҲûҪֻһʱ֮䣬ҪҲЩˡ
ʱƶȴѾתͷϣڳ£һ޴˻ƶ
ħ󣡡
һյ˻ƶʱڣ˸ǳʧȥ˷ֱӱŷҹħ
龳ŷҹһ죬ֳһֶɵ˽ɵԼ֮Уһ󲿷֣Ǳֵ˻ƶֱˡ
ǽ񽣣˵ģҪŽ֮һĻƶڵҲಮ٣ʵڷ֮ϣƶһЩŷҹȻҪԼʵȥ˵ˡ
ŷҹСѡ
ӱҪһ£ϾǸȻʲôֿǺôҲЩģܰѶԷ£Ҳһ顣
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ôһȻΪһѾ˵ˣȥŷҹʲôˡ
ôҪұɱ𣿡ŷҹȴǲµ˶Է˵ı⡣
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ɲֻһ龳ɽǱ޵Щ̫ϳǶɱһŷҹ׵ġһȴǻӦ
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ò˵ҶȻΪŷҹ˵ҲȷʵŷҹôһܵΪ˯ȡ
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Ǻǣϴ֮ǰŷҹֵ龰˰ɣҶȴ˿ΪȻոŷҹ龳սʱм˾ŷҹʤܲ߶һδ֪֮ɣǽأ˭˭ѵ⻹𣿡
ڳһʱҲҲʲô˵ˡ
ȷһ漣ŷҹոʱǾöԷüҲ򲻹Ǻ֤üڶԷǰһͼЦأҲֻǿһ߶ѡ
֮ǰһ֣ҶŷҹĩյˣǺ˽֣ȴûܰŷҹκεˣǴҲֻΪŷҹӵˣɷǶΪŷҹӵĻᶼûˡ
Ľȴŷҹʤˣʤˣѵ˳ɱͬǷ龳ǿ˵Ҳ൱ѵģŷҹˣҿȥûеޣˡ
ЩЩ̫ϳϿϳ棬ܲһٰŷҹӡɱҲֻһԸ뷨뷨ʧ̫֮Ҳòһ£һԼ뷨ʧô죿ܵ
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ӦѾŪ˰ɡŷҹתӵܼܲˣ
ȻǿԵģæͷԸȥ褴
Ƭֻ֮һߵ˴֮С
ĲӲ̬ƽ羮ˮǿӣҲûʲôı顣
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ŷҹתͷȥһۿŷҹǱߣô
ŷҹôתһ룬׶Է֮ڱϢȻǻˡ
ȥ㣬ǷѾ𣬸Ϣ㱻ץһŭ֮ɱڵĸϣȻ㡣ŷҹ̵ذԼ˵һ£ﾹȻ˾ŵҪɱǵӵɸߣֻҲһ·
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ŷҹҲǸոջ񾳵Ϊȴһ˹ȥھַļλ񾳳ϣѾǼˣҪһڣֱӰѾŵһ龳նɱежѣҲֻŷҹԼ֪Լ󲻵
Щŷҹ˵ȴ赭дӦûκοɸıĶһΪѾӣΪκ飬Ӧ޷˵ġ
ˣȻҲˡ
ŷҹǰס褵֣һ֮£̾͸о褵ڶӡŷ´ŭ
һɽ̽褵ľ֮Уݿһ㣬ǼϢķӡƵ
ۡ
ͻȻƺһҲ漴ѪȻӡŷҹ֮ȻеӰ졣
Сӣ㡭ҪԷһ£ȴһӶסˡ
Сӣܽͨ𣿻仰˵Լռʲô
ôϣлҪ˵ŷҹĿЩƣΪȻҲ֪ӡ϶µġ
ȻӣҲڵĵӣ˴ȻҪɵĳͷȴ˽ԽķӡǲڷԼҸŷҹа壬һڣͰԼڰһ


501 һ
Ǻǣ˵öԣһǲ̫ڷǿǸﻹЩϵͲ˸˵ˡŷҹĻÿ˵һ䣬ͻһص⣬ŶԷʱҲɱڵĵӣߣĪ˵δسԼڵĵӣ褳ϣӡˣɷҲܲҪ˵ҲӾǲô
ɷ˵ģ˵Ļ褴˿ҲڣֻʣʲôʱڵӵܣַʲôǷӡң
ŷҹԷֻҪ˵һ֣̾Ҫɱ
һʱΪѣĿתӣһתͷ֣ԷɫõؿԼ
æмںڶһ˵ȻҲȥʥŮӡ֮£ʵ̫ˣϣá
ԥһ£ֻȻʵǰ£ڣȴѾǲˣǣ
ʥŮѾ˷ӡ֪δ㣿Ӽʵ
褣ôģŷҹʵ
Ҫھ鶴ҩʥĶŶ죬ҵΪкܴôһαչأûɾѾ˴ϣֻҪܲ˴ŵؼ˵
ⲻһر⣬ȴѰ쵽
鶴ǵѰ˺ܾãżȻ֮õģΪ鶴죬ڶһɽ
ǸڵһУռˣҪѸոյֵĶҪǼֱ̫ˡ
ŷҹȴû˿ԥ˵鶴ĵطҲҪģֻҪ鶴죬κڵӣý鶴ˣǷӡӵ飬ҿԵûзĴﲻССҪĻֻøںúˡ
ŷҹѡӵɫҲѿҲҪΪŷҹҪе̫ˣԷҪľȻĻǵõĶһߣպ㲻Ҫ̫ʡ̫࣡
ǺǣǰҶǸһߣ֪߲ҪһսĻǿɾҪˡŷҹЦδؾͻǵ̫ϳǴսҴ褷ſȴǺ׵ġ
ŷҹ˵ĲǼٻڵķ龳һĻ϶Ƕ֣ҲûдȥԷӲӲԼһ֮Щ龳Ҳס
ڵķ龳ͨ۸ոսķ龳ֲһѾͨ콣ˣո˶սʱַ֮ûþѾѶԷӵ˼޵Ļ㲻˵ǳ۷龳ڼ龳´ߣǻǺ׵ġ
ֻҪ˲һ龳ĵˣǺȥɣԼһ첻Ǿһ첻İ˯
ҲһΪѣŷҹΪУҲҪģŷҹһͬˣ˵Ҫ˵ͬҪռһλģڵŷҹ̫ǿƣҪռǿƵĻᲢ
Ҫŷҹѹһ£˵Ŀƺãѹס
֮ǰǸŷҹĻţڣŷҹһǷ龳ɱһ龳ˡ
˸ЩģȻ龳ʱһЩ˵սǳ֮ḻŷҹս㹻˵Сӵսܼ򵥵Ϊжϡ
СΪҲǲܵģڣܲһӾ͹øԷɣ
֮ǰŷҹйԼֻҪԸ褵飬褰Ϊʦ֪ΣҶʱȴǰһ˵
Ŷ£ӵһ
ڷֶܹҪȥܵģİ˳̴ΪʦĻҲڵӵݣһٰѳҶȥƹڵطҪھ鶴ǾȥˣǸطڱû̫ĺôļҲŷҹɱˣܵȥġ
ŷҹʱҲӣ˵֮ǰһУҸоǶ褵άҲŻ᲻ͬ⣬ڱ֤ԺᱣӵĻҲǲܵġ
Ȼģڶϲõӱ۸˵⻰ʱ򣬴Ѿ˱ŷҹɱļڵĳˡ
褣㿴Σŷҹ褵
Ȼ˵ĻҵȻȥ褿ŷҹһۣҲûԵ
Ǿôˣ褿԰λ̴Ϊʦ鶴ҲҪֹ֮κ˿УǸפ֮ˣҪɳ̴˲Ҫ棬Σŷҹ˵
ʲôȥأڲ飬һָֻţɺͳŭ
Ǻǣ̸£ˡŷҹ俴˶Էһۣ֮ĲɲһˣҪԷĻֻһͷ飬ǾڰѾ鶴Ϊ磬һָҰɣұַ֤ĵط
㡭û뵽ŷҹֵزһ˵ȻҪһ֮⣬ҪѾռĵ̣ŷҹʵ̫ѹ򡭡
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Ҳû뵽ԼݣȻᱻŭ⣬ҲҶ˵Ϊ֮Ĳ໹Ǿ޴ģ϶ԷҲûпκηʽضԷĻ
˶֮ŷҹ˵Ȼ̴ͽʥŮҲʦǴ¾ǶˣǾ鶴죬ʵϳҩʥ֮⣬˾ǽȥҲûʲôãͰŷѵ˼ڵĵӽҲɳ̴ţЩҲȥʣǴӴ֮ʥŮҲڵĵӣġ
ǺǣȻģ˭ŵأŷҹЦ
ǺãϢҲվ͹̴ϰһʢͽʽҲЦϾǵһ񾳣ҩʥŰǽĵӰҪ֣һЩ
ҶҲûŷҹȻҲЩ
鷳飬ȻôϢؾͽˡ
֮Уüͷ
Ǹŷҹʵ̫ţôһζãΪʲôѹҲһССĻ񾳣ɵ̫ϳ϶гСҲӲˡϺ޺˵
ߣǺͿڻѹŷҹʵ̫ˡ΢΢õ㲻ŷҹʲôΪʲôʵһ˰Ȼѹնɱԣ𣿡
һʱ˵ܣһ˶ܣؼΪʲôһҪһɱŷҹһ


502 ڤ
ǵ̫ϳֻҪٻ̳Ըŷҹƺ׶ԷЩʲô˵ΪֻҪ̫ϳϣŷҹһߵĻᶼû̫Сŷҹˣڻ񾳾͸龳⣬һ뷵龳նɱͬˣѵ㻹ѲǵôһŵˣǿɾڵĴˡ
褡Щϧ
ߣΪ˺ǸСӣҲˣǲɲ֮վֻСҪǶ֮;ֻԶءȴҡҡͷΪǸСӣŷҹǿǵõˣܸãѾǸûˣţûбɱҡǾֻܽύܵ
šҲ׵С̫ˣܹɨڵӰ
֮㲻ҪȥԸǸл褣Ҳһҩʥ壬츳ǸѣŷҹȴѾ󲿷ֵԪڣɼŮʮںȥ⣬ǺٶͷҾַܰĵعʣµȻ˵
ҲһݣΣ˵ˣȻҲ˵׶ӶֵĻ
鵽һҲⷽĴ㣬ϾŷҹʵҲǷ˵ѾɳٲֿԶɱ˵ˣԻһȽϺá
̴ϵͽʽܿͽϣͣһ֮ŷҹˣҪȥˡ
ȺһȥԱںнΪ˵ΪһЩǱҲû֣ȻҪӿٶȹȥˡ
ŷҹҪڽôڣҶʵ
Ŷôʣŷҹֵ
ҾΪҪͽȥĴεҲҪ죬Ϊİ͸ӣҶʵȻҸ˿ģǻҪ֪𰸡
ŷҹô˵һǣңҶڣҲһ飬⻹εģؼʦȥܸ褴κεĺôŷҹ˵͸ûʲôɵõˡ
Ǻǣ˾鶴ˡŷҹЦΪ褲ΪʦܰѾ鶴𣿡
ǲܡҶҲ̾ˡ
Ȼʦܸ褴ʲôôǾ鶴ȴԣ̸ܽʲôǾ鶴ȴҩʥõʦ
еˣǳҶȴǷϾԼҲһЩõġ
⻹ȫŷҹȴֽ˵͵鶴֮Ҿͻ뿪պҲȷҪţ㲻Լĵ˵ģŲӣȴŵù㡣
ǺǣԭҵͽҲİˡҶ̿һЦҲԷģҪͽܣҳҶӦģһһ򶼴ڸճΪ龳
֮ǰܽ͵ĶһӾȫףҲһɨա
˵ŷҹֻΪ˾鶴ĻǶ٣ڳҶﶼһЩźڵĻȻӻҪиԼı֮£ټŷҹո˵ΣеһҲʧˡ
ǾͶлˡŷҹҲŵһʱĻӦаҲһ뷵龳ʱ͵Ҹ̴ϵһЩرɡ
ģҶһϲȻ֪ŷҹˣں˵еŵӡ
Ҫ֪Լ츳Ҳ̫ãԻ񾳶۷壬ŷҹȴ˵ܰʵַ龳ĽǷͬСɰ
ŷҹ˵һʱѻӹûκʧ
ãţҾ͵һ졣Ҷ
ǺǣǵȲһˡ
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ϸ֮̽ŷҹһտȥֻ˻ǺԶԶԶŷҹʶ֮Ҳܴﵽĵز
ŵ𣿳ɣչûа취ﵽĿĵġŷҹǴ䵭˵
ȻԷȴѾڽǰӦľŵӵϢǿҲӦǾˡ
Ǻǣ벻ҩʥ徹ȻǱõˣǿϧѾʧ˴֮ҩʥŮҲǲɶõ˫ް£СӣϷһᣬСѾͷ£ҿԷ뿪ʼʱԶ˵һֵʱѾǵǰɼ˵ٶʵǿ˷ѽ⡣
ߣŪ飬޷Ǿһ֮ѣҲֵŪ𣿡ŷҹȴһĻһȡ
ǺǣȻһСӣǰȥȴڣһľˡ߿ȥҪϵöࡣ
һݹǼܣѾ꣬ʱܱһӶҪˣ㿴˫۾֪˫۾̺Ŷôǿ
ľɲֻһִҵȥ·һ˼ҵľŷҹתͷ˿ΧЩˣлڤӰӣѵ֪ڤѾҵ°ܽ𣿻Щˣģ
ǺǣϷǺҪۿһ£ôǵԪΪõģַţ¼Ѿˣƫƫȴ˵㻹ħˣϷܺ氡ੵЦȥʮֲֿ
Ǻǣ¿ɲֻħĹģҪһΣյ뷨ΪҿյģԪŷҹЦ
СͣڤҲˡȴǺȤ˵
ڤҶֻһֵʱȫһ𣬡Ȼڤŷҹ˺ΣգʮֵΣգ
Ŷŷҹȴû˵ڤͷǿҶӣ֪˵ȷЩ˵
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ʮǰڤѾǾŵ̫ϳˣһ֮һɱϰŵӣΪҪһ£ԼܷЩ˵ԪȻʧܸգ֮ǰСɣǽȫɱûһڡҶЩļµ˵Щݡ
ЩʱͶ󣬵Ѿǻ񾳣ڤѾ궼ûгֹҶΪħͷѾˣ˭֪Ȼţţòƻ˷龳ڡ
ΪҲÿ̫ϳ϶ܴﵽġ
۷ĻֻҪٽһͿԶɽٷΪߵҲǷˡ
־֣ҶҲԼ˻ɣŷҹܴһߵȴѾûˡ
ǸڤΧȻȫ׼¾ŷҹԼߣ̫׵ˡ


503 ֮
ǺǣڤȻǾŵ̫ϳϣҪʲô˵Ϊ褶ҷֻǳ롣ŷҹеһ˸һɹɰĽ⣬Щ⿴ΣʵƮΣƮΧ˵ߣһطһӦ֪ҼȻѾͻ˷龳ķ֮˵Ҳû̫ҪߵĻҲһ׷ϡ
ţڤŷҹܵǵ֮ΣͻȻɻӸֳǡ㾹ȻǽŵĴ𣿡
ŷҹɫһݣ֮ǵһα˽ƽŴ˵ݡ
Ų磬ɵһ㶼𣬿ڱҲֻһˡ
ʡߣɣһȫͨɾˣҪһ֮أǿɾϼˡ
Լһ˻ãʱ褻ܲﰲȵǾͲһˡ
ţʲôţŷҹʵ
ǺǣװСӣոͨĽⷨ򣬿ɲֻнŵĵӲܴɵ𣿡ڤһ̰ŵ񽣣¼䶼ҵģѿȥܹŹֵĽҲǽŵĴ֮ɣ
ŵĴȻûôһѽںѽ񽣣˵ǽŵĴУҲû˵
֪νŷҹɲᱻԷһ仰ͰʵթֻٴһЦԷ˵ʲô
𣿡ڤ˸Źâŷҹ˵ǲǽŵĵӣҸһᣬֻҪڰΪʦĽңǰѽе񽣶ңҾͿ㣬㣬һŹ褣ȵﶼԣԼ˫ޣκ˶ٴǵ⣬Σܲɣ
ŶŹǣŷҹʵ
ǵȻȻҵĵӣôɱ㣬Ҳɱ㣬Ϊʦ֤ɵٴʱһɨɽҲ˵ڤڴ˵
ţҾ⵹һ⣬ҶЩ⶯ˡŷҹЦ
ǺǣҲһʶʱСӣǸǿ˰ٱֹҲˣǾŵ˶ˣܵôһŵĵӣҲ㹻ˡڤ˿Σžڶӵ˵һţֻҪû綼ҫȻѾˣھ̹°ʦɡ
̾ͰʦɣȻչӣһžǷΪģȴǵһģΪʦһúƴģװһŷҹȻ˵
ţڤɫһݡ
ôʦŷҹʵҪʦľҲһҵ°ɣʱģɨɽ֮ʱǲĹ͵ġ
Сӣ㾹ȻϷŪңڤ۾гһߣȻҸ·ȴѡֻаɱɱ֮ǰһ֮ͨһȡʱһܵõеĶֻҩʥӣҲͱȡˣǸϵڴϣҲһϷȥܿɣ
˵֮䣬ѾƳ죬ǵضУͻȻȼһŵĻ棬ȫʩչ֮һûУ֮ͨһ
ţŷҹҲ΢΢һüֻƺЩرġ
Ȼû֮ǵȼյ˽ǰʱȴ˵֮Ҫʮ
ʵû֮֮Ѿ⵽൱ĳ̶ȣҲ֮ν
Ļ棬֮ǰǿ˼Ҳٻ񺬹⽣һǼ֮ǰԸʱЧҲۿ
ǺǣСӣϷ֮ΣڤƮҲվԭ֣ʱƵģڻüǵȵ֮С椶ˣٺǿɾͳˡ
ڤҲò˵㻹̫߿ԼˣҲգҾ㿴ҵֶΣܲܰ¡ŷҹһӡ
Ҷڽ֮䣬ͻȻŷҹһץ𣬶ʱʧ˷磬û뵽ŷҹ֣һӲִС
ͷ֣ʵŷҹҲڹǰ褶͵һռǻƶԳɿռ䡣
벻ŷҹַҲûԳɿռķҿⷨĿռ䣬Ҳ֪ôĿռ䷨ҲˡҶŷһУʱȵЩˡ
褲û˵ʲôŷҹǵߣԴʱƶ֮
ΪʲôôҲв²⣬ŷҹ֪һεĵ˲öԸ棬ﲻʲôæǿֻҲ޷ˡ
ЩӺͳ϶ȥʲôЩ˸˲ŷҹؼ龳ǿߣոĻһʩչŷҹ̾ͰԼͳҶյ˻ƶɼ϶ǶԶԷĻЩɵȻҲٶ
ΪȻͣҪԸ龳֮𣬸ûκοܣ׸յռӰȫҲŷҹķһЩ
СӣϾȻԳɿռķҵСˣһҰɱ֮ٳϵзǻҵġڤŷҹϵıɲȻ㲻ԸҵĵӣǾȥĵɣţһ˼ɱɣˣҲϢȥʱеŶΪУʲôطȥ
ŷҹЦһ£㾡ȥ˵ɣͿܴܲ˳ȥ˵˵ģ˾ͻţδҲ̫߿Լˡ
˵ıδػţǶڽŵϢ˵κ˶ᵱûһԶҲ޷󣬽Ŷ˵һСڤŶԷǲѽŵĴ˳ÿŶܹ
𣿴УŷҹʱȴӲˣҼǵøոĳ˻˵ֻҪҰΪʦĽ򶼴ڸͿԷһ·ôʦ֮󣬾ͲǴ𣿡
ڤЦţǴʱѾ˿ΣĿ֮жǳ¹¹ɱ⡣
ô˵ǲˡڤָŷҹɣúʹ죬֮£ܳŵҶã
ǺǣȻ֪Ѿ˽Ǿ͸֪⽣ô׶ԸģȻǰװױһ𣿡ŷҹЦ
˵ͬʱеѾͻȻն
һĿȻڤı壬ʲô֮ȫŷҹļƻ֮УֻҪѶԷıնɱˣʣµ֮ҲžͲˡ
ڤȻҲûô׾ͱɱģ֮˲ڤϻ۳һѾ޴Ļ浶
۶ɵĴ󵶣һն£·ƣǶԴˣŷҹȴһûиоһȻһնȥ


504 ֮ս
һնѸޱȣն¾ǳ˭óŷҹֱƴ
ڤԼӣȫעһǻ浶ϡ
ľˮӡ
˭֪ŷҹһȥɵȴ;Ȼͱɷɳ
ֻһзӡ䣬Իﲻ㹻ļڤֻ΢΢һ𵶹棬̾Ͱзӡˡ
һзӡ˵ӵķ䣬ҪԸҵ֮ŷҹ̫СˡڤżϷʡ
𣿿ôֻ֪һأŷҹȴǲˣһ֮䣬ʮ䶼ɳڤ
зӡзӡһ˼ʮзӡֱǲѷ䵱¶ֽһ
ٶʲôãֵͽ׵ķ䣬һҲκβҵ֮𡣡ڤȻ˵ĽŲȴǻ
зӡ˵ǺĶڻֻеЧѣڷ龳˵һЧûУҪ˵ǺЧĻҲֻˡ
зӡЧȴ⼸ʮȻЧûʲôǹâ֮䣬ڤȴǰѽŲͣҲ޼ɵŷҹ
Щǲ˵ʲôҲܷӡ֮𣬵ǹӰ˸֮䣬ȴǵԼ᲻ᱻԷǣƣӶһЩӦ÷ֵĶ
ŷҹɲһƽӹСӣѾǷ龳ҲɱͬǷ龳ˣٰС˵ĻֻԼпˡ
ҲŷҹӵˣôˣֻҪ԰ŷҹһ裬Լ㹻ʱŷҹ£Ҫðôķգȥŷҹ
ಡ
ŷҹȻˣһӾǼӣǷһ˿ûѡ·ߣһͷ˾ŵһλ
СӣΪܵõ𣿡ڤ˵
һ̣ͷԼˣŷҹıͲӣСӾȻҪᣬɱŵӡ
ȻֻɱЩΧˣǱնɱģȫϢһգת֮䣬ŷҹϵƾȻۻһֲĳ̶ȡ
Щûȥɵڣһ۵˽ϣƺҲûмһƴЩϵϢԽԽֲ
Ȼһ˵ϵСǼܲס̫֮࣬ĵӣ֮ǰڤΪ˶ԸŷҹµİΧޱʹޣЩӲûиŷҹκε鷳ǸԷøӿֲ
ŷҹɱ֮ĵӣˣϷһ˪նɱڤҲͣѸŷҹ׷ȥ
ЩӷġŷҹȴЦǻ񾳣񾳶ΪҪסǲܵģֻҪ֮ǰҵĽŲѣǣû뵽һģȴǻԼðɣ
ڤ֮ԷŭȷΪԭôˣһҩʥŮˣʮã߾ǶԸŷҹС֮ǰֻ֪һμ棬ȻǽŵĴˣһϲ⡣
СӾȻһвƻҪɱ֮ѣڤЩˣǣԼµİΧȻ˶Էôߡ
֮𣡡
ڤվǼɵŷҹֶΣûԼߵָֻ̫֮˲ŷҹϯȥ
ȫתħ褡Ҷ˰һתħ󡣡ŷҹڻƶ֮С
ѾһʱǵߣȻ֣ҶʱȣȻһΪεʱŷҹֶζûþ
ڲЩʱǶǰԼԪȫһźħת
ħȻǼģںһ˵ʵܰӵ쾡£ټ֮ʱĹ۲١
ŷҹֳƶȴͻȻð޴Ļƣ֮ȥ
ţǡħ裿ڤҲǼʶˣһ۾ͿĲ֮Ȼħġ
ͿħζôɡŷҹȻЦ
ߣСӣΪ֮𣬻Ȳħ𣿡ڤм
ħؼ𣬿Ļȴϵۣͨ˵ƷʵĻǷֲ˭˭ڲٿȴвģĲȻҲԳ
мȻײħת磬գ֮Ѿмһ۵ķġ
֮ûôӣֻһ浶ʱУֻǵҲû־ܣҳͻţֻһѣȻħҲκβ
ǺǣСӣ֮Ȼûγɻ󣬵Ҫȴǲ̫ܵģ֮֮ΪѾϷ˼µˮƽּµĻ棬ôһͨĻ͸أڤЦţѾٴνӽŷҹ
ڲٹעǵ󣬶ǰĿͣŷҹϡ
ѽ̫ӵԿЩֲˣΧľŵӳϻǲ٣Ҳҿ
ڤǶӵģȥֻǸŷҹͲˣ£ڤҲǳȥˡ
𣬿֮òҲκβҰڵҪң˵ĻƺʱˡŷҹЩĵ
ڤȻ֪һ㣬Щżȴֲð֮𱻲Ӱ컹Ǻܴģ֮һɱȴŷҹһ޴񽣣£ðĻֻǳŷҹĴ
뵽ǵħ֮˲ͱħƣŷɻڤߡ
ŷҹҾ㿴Ļ󣬱ҵ֮𣬻ž޴Ĳࡣڤʩתۼ浶
֮γֵ󣬺һƬҪŷҹĽడ
ΪƬֵͻأһ־ͰնһŷҹҪҲѾˣڤķ˴۶ɵģȻŷҹô׾Ƶˡ
ŷҹ̧ͷƬ棬ɫȴѾû˸ոյأող̽ѣ棬ҲˣͨĻôǱһȭ򴩣
˵ҲûƣƶȻɳħҲٴηɳһֻǳ֮һƬ湥ȥһ֮̾ͱ仯֮󣬾ȻҪѱħҵĻȥ
ħĻ棬֮Ҳ˻ƶֻ汻սıϾֻ࣬мٵһֶѣڤ˵ʲô޴в
СӣΪӵʹˣҵ֮ôô׾ˣķ֮ķɲŷҹôװӵġ


505 Ϊ
ΪҪʹˡŷҹͻȻʧȥһֳ񽣣һڤնȥ
úãڤȵľһ̡
ǰž޴񽣣ԭͼɵѵģ˿һ֣ʲôµģ
յĻ֮Уʱֳһ޴Ļŷҹնһ
¡һ죬ƺΪһǶײȥٿŷҹʱ򣬾Ȼһײõ֮Զ
ԭҲˣڤЩƣۿǰϵĹˣһʵֻ̫̽һ£ѾѶԷõ˲ѣոһɱеĻŷҹѾɱˡ
˶Էʵ֮ڤҲûй˼ɣ浶նƬ֮УȻһӿ浶ӰÿһǴž޴ơ
ոոŷҹһסӣӰֱҪŷҹʬϰ
ȴûгڤĳӰŷҹȴҲӲΪ֪ԼʵȲһѡȥܡ
мŴƲֱκˣκʽֻҪ룬ûа취סһ
ŷҹҲ̫С龳ʵˣҪ練ơڤЦ
ŷҹ˵Ѿæù˲˵ʲôˡ
վǸһ¡һٴĵӰǳŷҹϯȥġ
ŷҹѾ˼ǱѾ浶ӰɨۼȻΪÿ죬û˵ʵʣӿҲ̫ãΪŷҹѾɽˮʱ򣬶ǻ浶Ӱȴڲϵš
Ȼ֮ܿ𣿡ŷҹͻȻԵ쳣
ǺǣܳǺķһЩҲֵõġڤ˵
ҲҪܳҲСŷҹͻȻȶȷ𣿡
ȷʵú֣ΪڤϾҪˡ
ڤ⻰ʱȴһûие֣еķӦȫһݣΪ˲䣬оŷҹı仯һֱܷı仯ͻȻ֣֤ԷһֱţǱʱˡ
¶ˣŷҹȷǱˣǲ˵֮෴˵֮ǰѾʼһα
仰˵꣬ڤһ㶵ʱһնɱʱ
һ仰ɲΪѶԷԷעעһɢʱŷҹһɱбǰʱ
ãŷҹ֮ǰһֱ̣ڤﻹ֪
ȻԷѡʱ򱬷϶ΪѾܹ˵Ȼ˵Ĺ϶֮ǰˡ
˲䱩ǣն£һնµʱЩ淲ǵڽµģ׷׶նޡ
ڤףոյʱΪɵѾĵˣʵûУЩֻǱŷҹĳֶθ
Ҳ
˻ܣŷҹǽŵĴ˵ӣУ
ڤţŴǵһ֪ˣڱ˵ǿǰ񽣣Ҳһϵó˶ϼһȻʵһǿģǾȴκ˶
ǰѽһ۾ܿ潣ŵϢҲ͸伮ʹ˵ֱ߷ȻѾǧ꣬ǵĴ˵ڣÿһǲš
ҲŷұһģǾǣڽ֮һϣҲܸᲢ۵ġ
ŷҹСʲôر֪ǵƾǽŵһѾ㹻˼ǿһٱˡ
ˢ
ͻȻðһĵ⵶ֻգ֮͸ߴɣⲻǵĹӰǴųɱʵ巨
ߣСӣΪֶֻ𣿡ڤߵ
ѾϵŷҹôΪڤôöԸֻնǱɱһȴ˿ûԥ
ɱ
ʥ
ڤһ˫յɵĵӰͻȻһȥᣬûһĳϡ
꿦ꡭ
ѺڵʱΧĿƺһرڵˤɷ顣
޾ƵĽӰѺڵײһ𣬾ӰӳȻһûзˡ
ꡭ
ڵһѷ죬žǵڶ
ڤۿԼǰԳıȻԷһնƬɫ
ʲôʥҿҲˡŷҹЦ
ߣŷҹҲõ⣬ʥƵˣոջ۵Ҳù˰ɣ㻹ʲôҿ⣡ڤռΪƣҲõġ
ĵò٣ǶǾŵԼʵ㿴𣿡ŷҹʵ㣬ոΪ˲ͨĻ棬ĵĲٰɣ
ڤһԭԷ֮ӣû͸սΪó
ĵȷǲСǻԶûдﵽԼԲĳ̶ȣСΪľܰһ龳Ͽ壬Ǿʹشˡ
ħצ
ڤһûд𻰣˲ͼһͨ
ĺɫ֣ӵصð˳Ҫŷҹקص׵ĵ֮С
нˡŷҹЦ
ûг֣ϵĹ־Ѿһֻһֻը
һ񽣣ȻǽŵĽǺ⽣ѾֹһΣõ˸оˡ

˭֪ڤצҲڤɱУֻҪŷҹΪԼҪһйʵȴǲٿ棬һǽŷҹΧ
ǻ浶УҪһЩŷҹҲͬûǻ۵ҪƿĻֻԼһƴľģ˭ʵԪӻ
⣬ŷҹĶ̴ΪڤʵԶҪڤĻȻǶԷĶ֡
ͨ죬Ϊ
ŷҹ޽ͻȻ֮ŷҹıҲͬˣߺ֮ںϵơ
һŷҹΧţһİ׹ԡȥׯ£ʥޱȡ
ϯ棬һӳ嵽׹ϵʱ򣬶ʱɢɣͲܳصһĶ
ʵǻ򣬻˵ǽеĽڽΪ֮ͨԼҲӵнһķ
Ȼǳ˷ֻ֮ܿŶԷ̾ˡ
棬ΪֻҪֻ棬˵Ȼ֪ǽŵĴУǾ͸֪ҽŲɱڶ࣬ƣŷҹȻ˵
ŽһĲ
ڵŷҹֻѣʵѾﵽͬ۷壬İѾŽһҵʲôӵʵŷҹԼ֪
Ϊһҽһ񽣣ҲҪڤͻȻ˵ŵʥ


506 ڤ
ŷҹһ˵ʲôͿŵĵӳϣһʼԱ
ʱ֮ѪɣҲԱ֮кȻ
Աֻô򵥣ڤǵڶʥаķʽ˵׼δ֪Ŀռﻻȡǿ
׼ҶԽ࣬õԽǿ󣬶˵Ϊ٣Ҳֻǿ׼һĶ׼
ַʽͣǧǰѾʧˣھȻһοһ׼ŵӵڤһˡ
ҲΪס档
ҲЩＸ𲻵ʲôãŷҹˣܻΪԼ谭Щ˶ʥ
ŷҹֻ۾֪ˣЩʥĵӷλٲȻҲһķΣڤҪЩʥҪʥǵͬʱԼҲʥķΧ֮С
ƣֻϧѾʶˡŷҹһ˲͵յһˡ
ովĵطͻȻ֮һɫϯֻΪŷҹѾǸطԺɫֻǳһ£ʧˡ
СӣӲӵĺǣҲס㣬Ȿǲݵġڤ˿̵ҲԵʮֳѾʤȯա
űŷҹǿһֵõôʥȻĵģֻ֮ǰĻûа취ƿŷҹķΪΪķʵ̫ǿˡ
ڲͬˣҪʥŷҹǰѱǽҲܰѶԷˣοŷҹײһѽ
̫ˣΪһӲƴ𣿡ŷҹһΧĿռ׷̮
ǿռǱŷҹϵɱնһ׾鿪
ŷҹһͰڤµˣǶԷʵ̫ǿⷨȻѹ֮£ѸٵػָĻ⸡֣棬һҪŷҹ׵ˡ
ԼɣŷҹһЦͻȻ͸
һӰҲˡ
ţڤҲǷ龳ǿߣȻֻ֪Ҫ˿ռ䷨֮󣬾ͿԴռ䣬ǧ֮ңһŷҹһŸո˽ĳڷ龳Ϳռ䷨
ϸ֮ڤҲò̾ŷҹˡ
˻ܣԼһκǽŵôһݡ
Щˣǹ֮ţлѸʵܸı¡
֮ѾɸɾʥڶӲŻ˿ֻ˷ѵˡ
ڤȻźǸǵǣɲΪŷҹôˣԷֻһССķڣԼӵȵ۷ʱѵȥȥѰ
⼸ǿ϶ģʱڤҲ˵ԼǸСӵĶ֣Ǻôһû̵ȴһ
褣һҶСӵֻҪ֮һ⣬ͿԳưСһ¡
ΪŷҹһͬˣǼƻúܺãִеʱȴδ֪⡣
ʲô褣ʲôҶͨͨ⣬˼һ֣װ˷ˣץ˭ȥ
ŷҹûתܣôʱ䣬ѾǹˣӵĴҲ൱ģǾŵĵӳϣǱ˲ˣҺڤʥһ֣ŶҪˡ
һصǽ壬ڤҲֻðʥ֮ɢ̾һˡ

ոɢȥʥ֮ϴһƿ̧֮ͷʱһ޴ܰסĻƶͷ
䡭
ڤǷ龳Ҳһ¾ҵֱ뵽˵صס
ڤΪһô׾ͷŹ𣿡ŷҹ˵
Ҳӻƶ֮¶ʱ̤ڻƶ֮ϣһݲ
ڤһĶʱ˹ȵףŷҹȻûߣǿǱߣȴһֱڲֱ࣬ԼʥɢͻȻɱһûƶҵ˵صס
֮ڤ˵ڶ
ʥ
ʥּʥ
ٿŷҹʱڤûκԥѾʥ֮ûбѡΪŷҹѾѸٴ
¡
նǱһӣľŵӱո֮з˾޴嫵
޺һڤŷҹһɵ˿У޴Ҳһȫ
ڤƣ
ֻһ֮䣬Ҳ֪ڤ˶ƣÿһƣͻ֮ŷҹƵú
ŷҹҲΣͿƲ˶ԷıֻܰԼʵҲӵ˼֮Уȵڤεı֮󣬲ʱ
ڤν֮ǰֺֻܴеڵ֮󣬲Ļᡣ
䡭
Ƶ紵ŷҹǺ֮УʱȴǰѾһƬհס
ڤˣ
ôĳ棬һʥȻΪɱԼȫܡ
ŷҹҲֻˣ˲ʵڶԷ£ҪסǸͲܵġ
ŷҹҲ΢΢һʥŷҹҲ൱Ϊѣٴȥ˵˭ܡͷҲǿһ㣬ԲŻֱӾˡ
֮䣬һռ϶ŷҹٲУѾоʲôΣٴοˣ뿪»и鷳
ŷҹո뿪֮󣬿ռͻȻѿӸǷλֳǿߣܿһۣʲôҲûз֡
ô£ոպǸоͨ콣⣬ӦнŵĵӳѾ˷龳ӡһǿ˵
ҲǸӦͨ콣ģǿǶһѾҪֻǸˡһλǿҲź
УŵӳǲСӦԣֻ¾һ
ôѾˣҵֲɣȥδԷҲѿߵģҵˣֻǲ̫ˡ
һ֮˭Ҳûа취ֻøԻعգȥԵɻرȥˡ
ŷҹԭ㾹ȻǽŵĵӣʧҶŷҹһ
褵ʦҲͲ飬Ǵش󣬻㲻Ҫ⴫ŷҹһۣһûʲôҪЮҵĻǿɾЩ鷳ˡ
ŷҹ˵⻰Ҳ̽Ҷ˼ֻھͰѶԷնɱ
ŷģҶأҲ֪Ҷ֤֪ڲȫң褼ȻΪʦ־һΣӦһĻᣬݶҾҽȻԶһֱţֻϧѾǲܵģһ֮һǺҵġ
ŶŲ磬㾹Ȼ֮ŷҹֵ


507 ֮
Ų磬ֻΪŵһдģɶϽŵĹԽųʱأȴɱʢֻҪŵ֮ɱ¾վҲǵʱ̫伫ѾΪӽħҶ˵ںеѪ޷ڵʱȴаֶԻѪѸһɱ¾Ȼɱ⣬ЩߣȦˣֻΪնԷѪҺԼķŵʱǼѪ֮ն⣬ԲŻڶɵһ·ɣ𣬵ǽһΪȴΪֱģԵ˽Щʷ֮󣬶ԽĽ
ŶŷҹҲ֪Щܣ¾͸ˣΪʲôЩ֪
ܶﶼЩ伮ģĴЩͬҶһ˵ǲò˵ÿߣҲ󶼷Ѫ޷ʱΪֱӵĹϵһмУΪĴսԽŵĵӵ֣ͻܵɵĵƣΪǸ֮䲻ݵսѾɻˣÿŵӳȻҲԸΪΣԸɲŻ⡣
ΪΣŷҹüͷҵĴ֮УûҪ𡣡
⡭ҶҲ
ŷҹԼļ֮ҵģֻһʦµģŲ硱Ϊʲôڣܲݵ磬ȴûж˵
ǰŷҹһֱΪʦҲ֪ĶڿֻܿԼ֪
ŵĵӣûԸΪΣҪѾŽ飬ֽŵĻԻ͡
ŲȥɱڵɣƩҶ˵ģѪΪޣǽŵȻȥֹնɱһеֶȥֹ
ⲻǸֻǱ֣
ŵӣӦȥŶԡ
ŷҹڣͻȻĸоʦûиԼ˵ԭɡ
ÿŵĵӣǰһĶԹǱضûа취ýŵӵı֣ĽŵӣǽҪġ
߰ɣȻȥɾŵӵȸٶһЩ֪ЩʲôϢ֮ҲһԱŷҹ˵
˵ֻգһֻ̤֮Ǿͳڵĵؽ֮ڡ
ŷҹһ̾һɧңǸոձŷҹսһնɱ˼񾳵ĳϣŷҹͻȻˣȻ˵η塣
ǴһʱͼҶҲ΢΢
ڵӲؾţѾ褰ҳҶ£ΪڷֶʥŮӴ֮ڵһСҶû˵ŷҹ飬ΪԶ׼Ͳᣬ鶴죬ŷҹʥŮ֮⣬˵ȣһɲÿڣɱۡ
һϢʱȥ֮ŷҹȥ
Ȼ˶ûŷҹϢҲ֪һеĸı䣬ΪŷҹǿƵˣһ˳ĳɱһ룬Ȼִһûģɱ
Ȼ֪ڿŷҹõģҪȵŮˣҲ±ڵʥŮõ˾鶴ĶȨôһʤߡ
ڣɱ鶼ܲ׷ɼ˵̶ȣƱϳҶҲҪ
Щӣһģ֪ﲻǳҶϣֻǸһֱû˵ʥŮ褱Ҷʦɼ¡
ΪΪΪһˡ
֮һȥ˾鶴죬Χһ·֮ŷҹְó
֮һŨҶӿֳس褺ͳҶʦͽƮȥ
Ǳ֮ģǾˣҲκεĸãն٣նٰɣǾ粻ͻƣҲʵЩӡŷҹ˵ţѾǵȥ
ʵҪӣֻҪԪͿԣǾҪȥĻɲֻԪ⣬оҪ򣬿ɲһͿԵġ
벻վŵӵȻأҶ𾪵
ڵʱ£ŷҹѾعһΣʱڤƭˣҲΪǼˣ˭֪ŷҹȻûгȫɲ⣬ҺûѡΪУİŮӡ
ǲΪģŮԼĵӣԺԼմĹ⣬;ˡ
Ҫ˵רŷҹնֻܿǵˡ
һ˭ҲﲻæŷҹҲܰȥա
ˡ
Щʱ򣬻ƶȻʼįзתš
ţŷҹҲЩ֣ⷨôԼ
ŷҹʺϻƶĽ㲻ƻƶѷٴһ°ɣ
ԭˡŷҹ֪ԭǺĹƶ֮ȻŷҹˣҲһŷҹſȨȻҲÿζŷҹħˣǺãҾͰѻƶٴһ£ٶԸڵǿʱҲôˡ
һζԸڤȻŷҹûгʲôʵԼȴ֪еշǳֻ֮Ҫһ߲ã̾³
Ҳûа취˭ʵǸһô࣬ⲻѹһЩĻҲ̫ˡ
еһԭҲŷҹڽ򣬻ƶķòҲֻڻƶԸоڵڻƶʵ̫ˣƶܿԸڤָҲ˺ܶࡣ
ҲһʱͶģҪ㹻С
Ǹոյ󲿷ֱˣһСҲҪŸǣʡǵʵ̫ﲻȫ
ѡ鶴ĵطҲΪĺôһҩʥѵΪ
طոձΪڵؽ֮ڵĽأҲױŵĵط
û뵽֮ŨңȴҲŷҹǿʼûע⵽ȴеزˣ̾ѶԷ
鶴ﲻҩ֮ɽֲ֮˵ҩ֮⣬ڱ˵Ҳûжĺôŷҹϸ֮ʶԭ
ҩ֮ҩʥĺôͨߣҲֻǸͨ࣬ŲĵطϾɲڵĴԪܱգЩҪʲġ
ȥЩҩ֮еЩɽ֮ЩͨߣͲգǶ˵ȴһܲѡ
뵽ŷҹȴЦЦϸûƶˡ
ſһΧ֮ڣȥţѾʲô
һ߾Ϳʼƶϵķһһʼת
ˡ
ƶת߷ƶԶڴŽһһ


508 ʱ䷨
ƶԽתԽ죬ķͼȴһһֱͣǸطŷҹУȫתŷ󣬺ƶٶȸһЩ
Żƶת鶴γһ޴УԻƶΪĿٵţһӿ뵽ƶĶ֮С
޴֮󣬷ϵĹâʢһЩصķĶʼ˸ŷҹҲЩֻһһؿƻƶ
Ҳ֪˶ãˡһ֮󣬻ƶʱâһشػӶðȥҪ鶴춼ȼһ
ŷҹ۾֮Щ涼ֻƶѾԭ֮ͭɫüһ˿˿⣬ֹȥȻҪ˰һ
ƶռ䣬кܴзԿŷҹˣҲǸпš
ƽķֻҪһΣҲ͵˼ޣƶļޣƺԶԶûеء
ô֮󣬻ƶȻҲֻڱϼһЩɫ˿ߣҪѻƶȫɫǻкܴľ롣
ɫ֮ⷨܲٱɫأŷҹĸоӦûԣʱٱһɫĻǾ͸ӹˡ
ⷨȻɫĿռ仹ܴ󰡡ҶҲȵ˵
ţ˵ƷֵĻƶҲֻ˼۷壬ؼûдﵽһɱĻӦþͲˡŷҹعͷѾϣЦ
ֻ˼۷壿һӳҶ͸Ӿˡ
ֻ˼۷ѾôˣĽ˵ؼ켶ⷨѾ
ǺǣȻ˼۷壬ؼķѾõˣڵ˼۷壬Ҳӽܴﵽļ㣬ҿⶫǲٽˡŷҹ˵
ﲻܽ˼ǣĵطܹ𣿡Ҷһһ˵˵֮еɽ磿
ŷҹڻƶĽ֮УҲЩµķ֮УһЩɽİɽ磬۷ٽһﵽɵļ𣬾Ϳգﵽɽȥʱ֮俪ɽֻСϷˡ
׽֮磬֮⣬Ÿɽ硣
ɽ֮УʣȻ˵һ磬ߣյĿˣֻһƮĴ˵ŷҹڻƶķȴɽǴڵģƶҲֻڵõ˸ɽ֮󣬲һνˡ
ǳģֻܵȴŷһˡ
ŷҹҲڴŷҪѰѩĪһĻǻ˵һ;ֿˣ治֪ҪȥĶˡ
ŷҹʲô㣿ʵ
֮һʱ䣬ҪȥѰѩĪɣҵǣͻص㡣ŷҹ˵
š褵ͷ˵һҪСġ
ġŷҹһԱߵĳҶȻ˵֮ǰҰķ֮һ˿ȥ򣬻߿԰ճɾͷ顣
ȥΪǻҶ˵
Ҳ֪ŷҹ褣˼ҷ֮飬ʦǰ·ģȻһĴҪý˲ſԡ
ҲáŷҹҲûзԣַӦǺ͡
취ǵҲӰԼӡͲ̫ˡ
ŷҹ֮䣬ѾԾ˻ƶ֮С
ѾֹͣĻƶ˿ٴλתת֮䣬һڲһеҲЩͬ
в𶯵ǿռ䣬ռҲûƣڵȴƺʱ䡣
褲֪ڻƶʱѾı䣬ƶʮ죬Ųֻһѡ
ʱ䷨ŷҹҲǸոƶʱģʩչ̶ȵĸı䣬ҲٶˣһЩʱ䷨оģȴǿԸȵظıʱתȥһʱ䣬ڻƶȴһʮ궼ܡ
ַԼԼٶȣȴܼԼţҲ˵Ȼʱֻһ죬ǻƶŵʱҲġ
ȥһ꣬һ㲻ı䣬ԶһЩͻƵ˵תʱ䷨ҲǲֹԼȥȻĻ¼ʿŶһתʱ䷨˸Լʩչˡ
ŷҹһȥ֪೤ʱŻһ̤ƶ֮ϵıҲڻ˼顣
ԴӸҹ˫֮Ѿ޷ˣֻǰȴȻһӶѡ
żı룬ҲвᣬȴףŷҹòȥҲȻҪȥ
İɣʮ֮ڣһ㣬ѩûϢҶġŷҹŵ
šŷҹĻ
ʵҪʲôĴУֻɷĻһ
ŷҹҲ褵ĸܣΪҲͬãոո褽֮Ѿ뿪ԶȥѩĪѾΪ׷һȥǲ֪ʱܻ
ģǲܲȥȻҪȥģҲֻʱⲻѹһˡ
ҵѩ֮󣬻ߴѩ߰褽ӵѩҾͿһˡ
ôţŷҹŻƿ褣ɣ㷨֮ھ鶴ϣһʱѾǷǿˡ
ҡ뵱ʲôǿߣֻ롭ȴٴμŷҹĻֻ뵱ӡ
ŷҹһ㷢֪ȴҲûа취ȵѩʱǾһƽˡ
š̲סż⣬ڶԷĴһ¡
ŷҹһЦִ˼âԼ褵Ŀռ䶼ס
ֱʱ֮âɢȥȴδ˵ɬ֮лЩ΢΢ĴϢ
ַʽȻأȴ֮һõİ취ŷҹ΢ЦŰӵڻ
šٴλӦţʵں򣬷֮ԼվȥģŷҹȴϾҪ뿪ˣԼҲûа취һŷҹ
ոյĲ࣬ͳķֱ
һ֣˾ͳڻƶ֮⣬ž鶴ĳŷҹֿһۣúɣû˻ǵģˡ
һأ褶
ŷҹһЦ֪Ҳһ
ת̤鶴졣
Ƭ֮󣬳Ҷ鶴죺㲻ȥŷҹ
ˣΪҴһ˿֮Ҫ򡣡˵ţ·ʦһͷž鶴ȥˡ
ҪٵΪڵΪǻŷҹĺȣԼΪǿһЩﵽ˷龳ĳ̶ȣͿԸһȥѩˡ
ڣܣΪߣŷҹҪʱ˼ȥչһĸû˵Լһȥ֪ʲôʱӦȥʲô
ҶͽܣҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôı䲻⣬ͽȻģͽܵȴŷҹġ


509 Ů
ŷҹԼΪʦֻʱ˺ѣ֮⣬褵ûǲ̫
ŷҹ˵ıҲûУȽϰģҲһҪһãԷǽŵĴˣǧ궼ĽŵӰ
ŵӵİԼпһ뷵龳һ봫˵֮еɾҲ˵ء
ŷҹ֮УͷһڵķžֱǰС
Ŀռ䷨ҲǸոҲ߸ϾǸոԴն˵̫ȫ
֮ǰ褺ͳҶһΪӦΣյ٣ٲߣܾܿͱԷʱԼոսڤѾַ֪ڵǿжһ˼ǿߵĻûа취ֵ
ûʲôĿֻ꣬һһ߱ߴѩǵϢռʵûбҪ
뵽ЩŷҹҲЩƣ׽Ҫ󼸱ֹûʲôãҪһ֪ˣ̸ף
ŷҹģһƬ͵ɽϵѰſֵܳ
һҾǰ࣬ȴһջûС
֮£ֻѰңԶĵؽϢ˸ۼ֮أƫƧɽҲŹҲû˭˵ʲô˱ĸɴߵġ
һŷҹ֮УͻȻӻƶָǰһƬɽطŷҹǸطôдûء
ŶǸоʲôҵǸӦٵĸ֣ӦҲʮ񾳣龳һŷҹʶ֮ʵѾˣֻǺ˵ĴȴܸӦˡ
һǺЩӦҪһƬǿɶ񣡡߷ߵ
ѰҩҲȡЩûб仯ҲͻޣܱΪĴڣ϶ǺһҲܻΪΣΪ߲С
ȻҲΪ֮ѾûзֱҪɱһһ
ҲͬΪȻǲԸ⿴¾ĳ
ȥǰ벻ǿ˵ŷҹͷ˵ƶҲкûҲʲôġ
ҵȻ֪Ҳ֪һЩ֪Ǻ˶ӵһֻ׵ȥ˵ġ
ŷҹȴû̫˽⡣
ǰǸҲͬ壬ǻ֮һĺרſԻӣȡǱȽаޣһȴרصǲȥˣˣͻǵĲӶΪͣһ㶼ɽ֮סԼĶֹ룬ֻҹû˵ʱ򣬲Żһͨ˼ǲ뱻߷֡˵ѣҪʮЩĺûʲô߽ݾķ֮ѵ֮һЩȴȻ÷ӡǣȻǲ⣡
ȻֻûκνݾߣĹǲǱȽŷҹʵ
ģǵĹһ֮ǰǶûʲôսǵĸ磬һǿֿܴĹԱûУﻹȥˣЩЩֻܼϣгһգɣʱͿн֮ˡ
Ȼ𣿺ðɣȥһѡŷҹȻ
ллŷҹҼõˣЦ
ǺǣҲΪ㣬ŵӣҪӱƶġŷҹЦ
ŷҹǹעһߣһȺ񾳵ߣڲϵΧŶڵ󣬿ȥֻҪͣƬ̣ǸҪ̮ˡ
¡
һҡΣǷֵɽŮӣһؿ档
Ǻ˵ȻĺʣһŮӶ˼ģΪ˼ֳ⣬һۿȥǾŮһ
ƵĻǵ³ƱؾͻǳңЩ߼ȻҪǵĶǾ;ʲôƲӣǱץס֮󣬲ǱɱҩǱӡ֮󣬳ΪͨŮһū͡
ˣ޲ɷūͣΪ˵ˣЩʲôǾͿ֪ˡ
Ȼ̶ֳȣѾûʲôֱЩǲںġ
һЩߣǵ˫ް¾ޣҲһ㶼Ϻߣ֪һ죬Ҳ˳ЦϾ;ūǻĽǰӣɾֻ˼Цˡ
˵ףߵȻҲҲ˲ľ磬ʼնһ㡣
㣬ǻǳȥɣƴˣСһŮ߷˵
ǰ㣬ǵķϾҪƵˣȷһƣһʲô̵ģҲ˵ھȥƴһˣҲҪǵˡ
˵Һγ֪ǵѾĸ׷ģһҪסһȥһӲ˭һǳ
㣬ʲôʱˣЩЩ̫ԶԼסˣ̸ʲôһĴУСýɣһͶߣҾеԱҲҪסǡ߶Զ߶Զɡ
ôУ֮ССãҪҲҪҺ㶼ǣСһҪֻҪһȥ̾ߣҪǸ龳׽ϢĻᣬȻǲ˭Ҫ߶ǲܵˡ˵
ҲߣҪһ𣡡Сþǿ
Ѿͷڻ̸ʲôһ𣬶ʱˡ
ҲߣСǿӲ
ãһѸߣˣҲҪһӳȥУһƬӵóȥ͵ȴĴˣ򽻸һǱĻᶼûС̾˿
˵Ĵ𣿽ŶѾǧûгִˣͲҪٰϣڱ˵ˡСЩΪȻ
ţһ𣬾ŲţѵŲŲߵڼȻ㵽˽ŵӻ֣һôһ죡ȴǼŲơ
ҲǵţΪţԼһ붼ûˣԼãһߵֻһߣ˵ֻһܻҲ԰
ףоôоһϤϢҲǺһģͻȻ侪ȵ


510 Ѫս˻
ţҲɻʶ֮ɨȥȻӦһ޵ĺϢƺΪҲֻǻ񾳶ѣʵǿҲǿЩΧǵ˵ġ
Ůոһ˷ܣҲ̱
Ƕֻǻ񾳶ѣԸƽĻ񾳶ЩԲǶ֣һӾʮ񾳣Ȼһ龳ǰ·ϱƣűȻɹ̬ġ
ſڵķֻڶѾЩ˸ץˡ
ʲôˣЩʲô
ŮǸ᲻ҲЩ˵İΧ֮ʱͻȻһİ΢΢һӦ֮£ǶʱЩʧɫ
Ȼһ龳ǵĴѾǹˣǸղţô˵Χ֮£Ҳһӵߣƫƫڼˣһһ龳ĸ֣ǷҪǱƵ˾·ϲ
Ҳֹͣ˭ߵ⣬ҲЩ˵Ļ˭ߡ
ҲһϣǾ˸ոյĻƺЩڵһģ˸˳ͻǵǵĻᡣ
ȻǸϣķ龳ܸЩ˴һܾˣֿʵ̫Сˡ
ǿ֮ǶԼʵһжϣûа취ȡʤ˵ǸĴ̫ĻǾǴҲἰʱ֣˭ҲԼ˵Դġ
ʱΪ׵ķ龳Ÿ֮˵ʲôˣˣлٵ£ڳϡ
Ŷŷҹ΢΢һ£ȻڵģӦþػڵˣ֮ǰɻԷһλ龳أڿڻӦþһˣȻôķ龳ˡ
ֻ֪ʱǸ龳ʲôݣոлٵ˵ֻһ϶ѣĻǵĴϣ̫ϳϣ治֪ҪʲôΪˡ
ŷҹһɢ޶ѡŷҹ֮ѾӹͷҿⶴӦĵطԹǺοΪǣ
ǺǣԭŷҹѡлٵµȻЦЦЩҲûֹͣԷĹȻûаŷҹ߲֮飬ССﻹȴֻܻ飬ɱǣҲǹһŷֻɢޣͲҪڵˡ
𣿾֪һܻ飬Ǹλǰɧţᱻ˷ְɣŷҹҲǳŪһЦ
ߣô˵Ҳڵ飬ȷҪ𣿡лٵ´ʱҲ˼ŭ⣬Ѿ˵ԼڵˣһﾹȻ֪ˣҵΪǲ֮䣬УŴϣϵģҲΪѣһٸ֮£ͱҲˡ
£˹ܣҲһ£㶼Ҫôʢˣ˵ôЩûйˡŷҹû˿ˣǰһ飬ҲҪܣǵĴϣ̫ϳˣһˡ
ŷѡлٵվ֦ԥһ»˵ο˹ִѵû˵Ĵ磿ץŮҲΪ˶ԸŴˣѵǣǾŴˣҲǸΪУˣССͣһɢޣ޳ɷ龳Ѿܿɹ󣬿ɲҪΪôһʵľٶɥʧԼ
˵ʲôŮŴйأŷҹһҪŮֻΪǿڸǲòˡ
ǺǣȻԵôͲܸˣ֮ԶһЩҪ£кôġлٵ¿ŷҹӣʱЦЦһվҲǸ֪˵ġ
Уº֪ǸŴʲôϵŷҹִŵ
㡭лٵ¾ҪŭվҲգҲ޷Ů˫˸ֻͬҪ˵Բɲ֮ȫһǿޱȣܴǰһΪ˶ԸŵӶ׼ģȥɣЩϢ⴫ĻڲŹŷҹġ
ǺǣһССķ龳ڵĿɽ͸ŰԵŷҹнӰһĽ
ȥлٵ¶ʲôʲô˵ʲôͷ˵ʹûİ
ʹɣҶǷ龳˭Ҳ˭ԼɻŲٵİء
ŮǻҳڷѾ˽ƵıԵûгʱĻµĻ񾳵ӣѾ㹻Ըˡ
㣬ǡǴˡСҲЩȣӷ￴Ķողǻ˵úúõģ˵ʹˡ
ҲãʣµЩҲ٣ҪҲѡȴЩסǡ
޷ǿһ֮ע⣬һͶˣһϣ͸һ֡Ȼ˵ǸոҲˣŵˣȥֻҪҵһʹˡ
㣬ǲܶ㲻ܣСȴͬ
˵ûжҡϳž֮ɫԼҪΪһ
ҪһߣһĶ֮ЩҲδ׷ϣڷ龳˲סˣǻʲôҲȰ
ǡһĻԼ͵ˣԷһ
ǿ쿴СͻȻָ𾪵
æ濴ȥֻǵأǽʵ飬˸ͷֱ治׹һԻýһСľͻᱻ⽣նɱ
Ǹ龳лٵ£Ѿ˷ص׼һĽ⣬ʱһŭ㵹ǲջ˵úúõģҪʲôϢϷ򶼸ˣкһ
кҲˣǸոһȥǳģһתۣʮа˾ŶŻȥˡ
СӣңлٵһŭţһҪԷĹƣ֮ڻϷһؽ磬ҲƲϷĽ磡
Ѫս˻ģ
ŷҹȻһЦȴ˲ʮõĹâҲƮɢոõֻһУڲĿʼһ
ʵлٵ·Ӧÿ죬ŷҹոһУҲҪն񾳵ͷ
ڵѪս˻ģǰ˻Ľ֮൱һһն£ŷҹ˲ս·һ㣬ӰҲ˰˸ÿһӰʽһһһģǾϵƣɽ飬޿赲
˵Ӱ˵⣬ȴڿһϳһ޿ƥеĽԵĽ⣬ͻȻһӱƮǵ޴ĽôƮ˽֮ǰ
ȥֻһӰһصĽ֮ͻȻ֮¶˷צһݺݵҧǵ֮ϡ


511 
䡭
Ȼ̣ȴŷҹ˺һӡ
ͬʱĸҲһ֮ѪɣûŷҹâģҲˣʱҪսȴǲˡ
ŷҹһѪս˻ĵȥȴ˿ɱĸ֮󣬾ȻһնŮķ֮ϣ֮䣬ǱͿҪ˵ķҲһֱӶ
λŮ֪ôµʱҹѾŮһԼĻƶ֮С
ڿеĶǱ˸ģлٵ´ŭ̧־һצŷҹץȥ
ŷҹҪˣҲܵ˺ŷҹȴ˿壬һ֮䣬Ѿشлٵ¡
һ磬ƫƫ˵пʱȴһһƶƵģǵһգ֮ԼѾˡ
лٵµûбһ̴ǵӦǧһ֮ʣýƤһѪ֮ʱҲŵóһ亹
ףԼʵȻǿ󣬵Ƕǰ˵ȴ˼ҵĶ֣ڳֲ飬ȻСС͵ķ龳ȻĽ
лٵͻȻЩѵ˾Ǵ˵֮нŵӴˣ
뵽ʱҲҸԷսѡˣ̾һ
ֻǺ֮䣬ռĲ֮ѾӦʲôõϢҪռǰæ
ŷҹҲսֱһƿգЩ˷Ӧ֮ǰѾƮˡ
λŮú£ŷҹҲǽŵӴˡŷҹĶƶ֮̾Ϳɫŵá
⵹ҲǣΪոŷҹҲԼݣǹΪԼǲѻѨˣϾֶΰѼŮѾҪôˡ
ǽŴˣС̾;ȵ
ǷģҲ˺ǡŷҹ˵ԭĶǲܻȥˣȻᱻ˶ţһǻȥضٱڵץסʲôȥĵطҿǹȥ
˵ǽŴˣʲô֤ݣȴûô˵ˡ
֤ݣŷҹʧЦҪʲô֤ݣ
Ҫʲôʽ֤Լݣôһ˵ϵĽ䱸ǿˡ
ǺǣҲҪ֤ŷҹҡͷЦҾǽŴˣȴҪ֤㿴ҲҪǣȻλѾû£ǾԱɣ
˵ƶ˸֮䣬λŮѾ뿪ռ䡣
λŮҲˣ֪Ҫ߻ǲߡ
ˣ´ʧŴˣܿܽǧֻһˣʧˣһβ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ǲߣô֤ģǱƭǿǰԼΨһʹˡ
λ㣬ΪʲôҲӻƶһ
ףǸӦǸ壬ȻǸλǿһġϲ˾ȵǡ
㣬ţȴ¹شǿɲ׾˭Ǻ壬Ҳ˵׼һƭǡ
汿ŷҹƭʲôôҲˣȻǺ壬ԴӸŷҹԷһȻñ˵Լĸ绵ҸӦǵϢ˵һ壬ȥˣŷҹȥأھǣôĲɣ߾ˣûǣһ壬ʲôʱҲøһС۶ˣѱôʵԼĻ̫ˣǲ޳ģߣ
Ǻǣ˺ȻѾգҲ߰ɣǻءŷҹֵ
ͷλ˵ҸŷҹҪˣǱٱЩ˸Χסˣ´οɲһôˣ»ȥˣûôһΣǺΪ֮ɣϣǻټʱ򣬲ʱҵΪһǸˣ
˵һѾԾ˻ƶŷҹתߣٶ֮죬գ֮䣬ѾҪʧŮ
ǻһ󣡡ͻȻŷҹ
ͨ룬ǴҲˣǶǸߣȻ԰ô͵ŷҹĶ
ŷҹתͷǣһ̾һӣǵϿա
ʲô££Ǻ˵ƣûйµʱ䣬ȻѾˣ͸Ͽ˵ɣ߲ȥĵطҿһ̡ŷҹ˵
ǡŮ˵һУһŽŹѧһֻ½ˣȻڼ̳ǰµʹҪ򣬽Ŵˣ˵ԼǽŴˣ֪£
ŷҹһ£ҡͷҲ֪žȻѹѧǣ
΢΢һתŷҹЦˣǺǣǺα̽ңҶѾ˵ˣûͼȻǽŽǵĹѧǾһɣ˵֮󣬶ǵĻҲãҲãǽŶŵˡ
˵ŷҹҪˡ
Ůٴԥոյȷһ̽ͼ˽ŵ飬ŷҹĵһӦ϶ǳϣһҧ֪Ŷԡ
ŷҹķӦǵ֮⣬Ȼ˵֪֮̾ͲԼǱ̽ˣż˵ţϵĽŹھ͸ǣȻҲǶԷı⣬ֻǶ̽һֻӦ
㲻˵йȥɣ͵ǽ͸ǵ顣
ǡǸûʲôһɾͳԿˣװױһͷ顣
㣬ҾáСôʱڣҾǽŴˣǿղŵĽ𣿻ǰѶŹֵĽҴûм
ǰմ˵УŵĽӦöǲͬƷʵģŷҹĽһɣȴɻ
ŵ飬˭֪̫һжֻǿͷû̫ȥһɣû֪ǵĹ׶ôҲ֪ǵĽʲôʣЩ֪ˣҲûôˡ˵
أҲŷҹ𣿡ʵ
֮ĽͨһŷҹģҲûţû˼ȥõʲôŵǲǶԷһ̽ѡ
ʦѴиʱôһεĻǿ϶Ǹ˵ģȫ֪˵Ҳ֪֪飬ֻһ̽ˡ
һòЩϵǼȻԷҲƤŶԷԼͼıһ
ʱȥ֤һУȥЩʱȴõİ취
ŷҹԵȣͻȻڣղǲԣǽˣһΣѽµĶ㡣


512 סö
ҿˡŷҹתͷЦҲһֱ̽ҰɣҶѾˣߵһ˭ҲĵطİɣҲȥǵģҪõصĶʵͲȥǣֻҪʩչƾǵΪʵκβңǲ̽ˣҲûʱ䡣
Ůһ̶ǻһݣ벻ŷҹᣬǿŵĶɣҲвٵħˣʩչֿӶԷ˼Ĺ
ģһ򣬼ʲô˭˵ֻнŴ˲ܲеİѾǧ֮ãһֱûлύŵӵϣ˵˵ҪƭĶͲЩ鷳ֶΣֱԵõǾҪ㡣˵
ŶŷҹɻˣжΪʲôʦûи˵
ǿҲ֪㿴ŷҹַӦȷԼǶĶˣΪõʱҲǽһλˣʱŻǺôʽ΢вٵĵӣֻλƺϵ˽ŵĽ֣ԲŻһ壬պнĵӵõ
ʲôڵʱвٽĵӵʱѾõˣŷҹȵ
֪ģʦһžѾֻʣŷұһҲֻʦͽ˵ģŷұӣɽĪаپǹˡ
ȻڶָǸʱҲ˵ʦ֮ǰ򣬾Ѿõˡ
⵹Ҳ֣ΪĵʱѾ˵ԼǽĵӣֻĬĬŽŵطѡȻҲôףҵ˽Ŵˡ
ȻôѾĶȻǷǳҪǶԽŴУҪõĶ
ŷҹõĿҲЩңǾͰҰɣⶫڽŵ֮κˣûκεãǲᱻˡ
ǲй¶ֻΪ¹ش󣬺Լȵʹ͵ոյᣬŷҹЦˣǲֽթ֮ˡ
ǺǣҲڵթ˳̬СһҲġŷҹ˵
Ҿ˵ŷҹǺҲӻƶȻǻƺһ壬ôѻƶŷҹأ
ԭǸոڵĿռǻƶȻıҲıǸԳɿռǾ̫òˡЩп漴óһŷҹǵղصĶϣܴвһЩʲô
лˡŷҹӹҲû̾ʶȥ̽λϲƶĻӸŵ̫ΣյĻҲȻиõȥȻǸãǾʹ˷ֵ𡣡
ǡĿЩŵص
ȻˣҶ˵ŷҹ˵㻰ġ
˵㻰һ屣ŽôİҲļܼķΧ֮ڣһŷҹ
̫ˣСѾȸԾ
ҾʹãлŷҹˡҲϲ˵ƶĿռǷ۶ɵľҪӳö࣬Ļò˶õʱ䣬ͿͻƵ龳ˡ
Ǿɡŷҹ֮䣬һǶ
һûзһӱŷҹ˻ƶһΣȻҲᷴɰŷҹƣžͽ뵽˻ƶĿռ
ŷҹԼҲ˻ƶĿռǲǰ¶𣿡Сõĵ
Գɿռ䣬ȻԽ룬˽֮󣬷ֻչڱ˵ǰ൱Σյģи·֣̾÷סܿһˡ
ǺǣȻᣬѾǷ龳˿ռ䷨򣬾ƶڣҲһ԰ѻƶǿġŷҹЦԸĻǿƶƿռ䣬ƶٶȻҪ죬ֻڵķԪģȻѹ̫ˣҵ˷۷壬ٽһܴﵽ˾磬ʱͿûգʱնƿ
ôŮǾȵ
ǰǰǲǶϲƶأҪһǾͼ޸ŷҹɣŷҹ϶ͬһֱġЦǿңҳ֮ҲҪ޸ŷҹģôһǿɷһ˫޵Ļ϶ͻƺܿġӴ
û˵꣬Ѿŷҹһ¶ͷٺ˵˵ҿҪˡ
ŮЦСѾͷֵܺģҲùƶĿռ䣬ȷöԣǽӦøǻر
Ůûʲôɬ΢΢ЦһµʵĻҲûʲôŷҹĸ˫޵ĻǵΪҲȷкܴĺôȻĺаŵĲɲǶ˵ȷкܴĺôҲԿǵġ
һӵŷҹˣλͲ˵Цˣû֮˼Ѿ˫ް¡
ֻˣҽһ
Σŵݺ£һǰмŮҲα̫ЩأСҲ˵
ǺǣҿǶ˵ˣ˵ĻŷҹǻẦߵġȴ˵褽˫޵ʱ򣬶Ҫҷӡҿء
ôһ˵ŮЦ
ȻһĺרſķŲͬΪͶ˼񷨲עοǺ壬մһ˿ء
ŷҹȷû˼Ҳˣ飬ϾǿģŷҹȻһ£Է⣬Ҳֻôˡ
ٺŮ֮ŷҹҲʼԼĽѰ̣;ҲһϢסޣΪǷǿ֮ϵܡ
һչȥ֮ŷҹȴһչûУŮЩˣѵ֮ϵϢ֮󣬱ĥ
˵ҲǿܵģһЩӡ֮УǾǧ֮󣬵ȷΪʧɢΪǽŵǿµģԴҶΪǲܵģΪǿ߼Ȼ㵽һУ͸֪϶Ҫǧ֮Żᱻõġ
ô֮ûЧֻʱˡ
ʱڣŷҹûѩǵϢȴ˲ٹڽŵӵĴ˵
ЩǴһЩģ˵ŵ׼񣬵θħᣬӲбɱȵȡ
Щ֮УŷҹҲ˽⵽һЩɵĴ˵ôγɵģŶǳԹŵĴ˵ԹǺűһȥŵӣʧأһʱ˶˽ŵͷϡ


513 Ϲż
ŷҹҪеɣҪһһ鲻㣬Ƕưոݵġص˵Ŵ˵ݣ˵вʵ̫ˣԽɣȻͻԽӼɵţΪǾǧ꣬ڲٽһɣŴһǵһƱػƵģⲻҪĽһڽŴû֮ǰǵĿꡣ
ŷҹѾɳˣǾٲʲôıƣҲ˵ŷҹ˰Ƿ龳Ƿ۷壬ҲֱӾɱȴЩΪȻ㶼Ƿ۷壬ܾˣ׷ǡ
Ҳ˵ǰЩڵȥץŮʱ򣬾ЩŹ֣˵ӦȥǸʲôȤϾǸûκεĹϵҲû֪ǵŽŵڵʱǸлٵ˵ģҪǵ壬һ廯ҿȴЩΣ˵ǻʲôȫ׼ŷҹ˵
ŷҹ֪ڲǶǽ֣ȥһطǵطǵĵڶ쳣һټżֻǸȥҲûʲôرģöȥ涼Ѿķˣ˵ǰʱ䣬ɵȥǸʱ򣬾ȻЩķ󶼻ָˣвٵĵӶʧɴڴŭҪǸż£ǺҲ֪ȥûȥǾѾ⵽˹ͻȻ˵
ŶʲôӣҲҲѩǵϢǾȥǸż˵ڵ˲Ҳûа취ٴȥŷҹ˵
֮ǰãǸлٵµķ龳ûи˵ȫʵҪԸŮʲôȽʲô;ڶԸŴ˵òһ;ûС
ƫƫ˵˶Ըŵӵ˵ŷҹЩɻˣҲֻܲ²ţԷҲ֪ŮйصŻҪȥ׽ǡ
һżĻżָʲôϵأ
ŷҹ֪ҪȥУȻҳһŵİ취ǵʱɾ鷳ˡ
ȻҲţʲôżţȥҲûʲô˵ģҲûʲôɸɡ
һżλãŷҹƿնȥֻƬ֮䣬ѾһƬϹսһķԵ
Ĵʯᾣʯ֮䣬ֲ֮ĶһۿȥǸɱĵط
ֻĹͷҲǾǧķ紵Ҳû˴ǰԿȥҲûôˡ
Ǹ˵еżˡŷҹһ˵ֻòûпʲôΣյĵط
ŮͺʱҲӻƶһĻһ¡
طܴ󣬴ŵҪӣмĲֿЩΣյĵطҲõĵطλá˵
˵öԣ͹ȥŷҹ˵ţżŮһǸżȥ
ֻľ룬ŮǵٶȣҲƬ̾͵ˣԼҲûлػƶԼٶǰȥ
һ󣡡ŷҹߵ˽ǰп
һشǼǰ¾ߵҲֲˣڴ˲ȱһЩ¶ǿشȫò
˵Ӧþˣֻ֪ʲôĶðô˷գҲҪȥ̽һ˵ⶫйءС˵
ⲻǲܣⶫ޹أһصżıˣҲϾıصġŷҹһĺۼȥҲֻһɵˣЩˡ
ţ֮ǰڹǵʱ򣬾ѾڳﻮŽżˣڿµȷǺüˣȻǻûеõĵĶȻͻϢˡ˵
ţҲȥɣͻȻʲôöŷҹ˵ţѾһ̤֮С
ŮͺҲһϣطֻһεЧĴЧģŷҹǰ棬Ѿ˺ܶĴڵĵӶסȻҲסˣһ·ôضȥ
ֱҲ֪طŽһ̫һĵطܶʯͷƮţһЩǾ޴ɽһСɽҲƮš
ŷҹǴ˿̾վһڣһ˻صԭĿռǺòȻˡ
߰ɣһ·ǰĿռ䲻٣ҲҪɢһǿɾͲˡŷҹš
ףЩɽ֮жŷƣ֪᲻жǽһȻǸոҪȥʱȴƸ˻ȥЩҲȽ
ҪȥЩֻһڶѣɽжҲõȥЩɽڷ󶼱ˣӦһʱڣҰıضˣֻٸһռûʲôûбƵľͷֵֻطŻиĺôֻһЩͭѡŷҹЦûЩССɽֻŴһ·ȥ
Ȼ˼죬ǰЩɵˣΪҪ󣬻ҪһɽѹıԴҲûбǿ˶٣ټϼ֮ҲЭģĸҪռһЩʱʱһЩͻǼ֮ڣҲʮСɽͷӡ
εջҲģ֮еջǸǰʧŮϺһٳлٵ£Ҳǵõżɣʱһɽѹš
ҲƣΪ֮ǰŮ飬źʹǶпȻû˵ʲôȴʼԵЩܡ
ϣܴҵһЩмֵĶ͸ɣҲԼõһӡ
Ҫ֪һϣͻĻһҲֻûٶĽˡ
лٵµȻҪõԴԼﵽ۷壬˾磬ÿһߵ룬ǳһĿ꣬Ϊʲôأ
ϧһЩķƲĻҵĶˣлٵЩε
ɳһţŵĶ޲£СӽŲʮ꣬ͨ˿ȻѾǲСˣ߿ʮոճӤҲ࣬ССӤȴѾﵽ˷龳ڵʵò˵һǿߡ
޲ڣлٵôҲ̫ĶˣлٵҲûҪȥֻÿ㣬ûκεô
ֻŷҹ;¶޺޵ģСӣԼץŮǿҲɵĴһڣȻ¶첻ãֱӾӰжϡ


514 
ﻹһЩ˰˵һξҪشˣΪŮã൱ҪģŮټıԴĵǰѽ˵һٰѽŵӸڣҲֺֻܳǸŴ˲Ҫ̫ǿˡ
޲£ԭһھȻŶˣϡһЦ
תͷʱֻһֻʮ˾꣬Ŀȴ൱ȵˣһ΢΢ţһŵˣǿĿ֪ʵҲһ֮ϲ֪жһǳֺ֡
־ǺǣҵȻҲˡ޲Ų٣ǰҲǴţҩʦŵĵ־ҲʮֻͣСһ꣬ΪȴҲǱͬǷڣ־֪ҩʦһεõʲôԴһҩɣͺúȥԼĵҩɣȴҪſֲż治֪ôģǵõˣõ𣿡
ǺǣòõţǾͲĵˣҩʦȻᴦǣҿǵջҲడһ棬̾ǻҩζ
ɵĵӶǿλ֮ӣһ֣ȻǵһʱҪԷĵһѵ
ɣ׽ǾĹϵֹ֮ϵûлͣǸˡ
ôôžҪһս𣿲ȴûпո򡣡޲¿ּƣȴͻȻЦһ£ڻҪȥһЩżıأڽĴ˳֮ʱնɱûոЩν
һͻʱһȥҲһʮ˾ˣֻݣһĽһ֪ŵĵӣôΪҲ𣿡
Ǻǣô㡣޲Цʲôһ£һΣǵĿӦһµģǾżȡеıأԸĴˣ𣿡
˼˭õĵĶȴǲ˵־˵
ôѵҪھʹһʤһĹ𣿡ЦУλ˭ʤˣ͵õǶΣ
ߡ

˶ûиɫ˵Ϊڲ֮䣬˵ҪʤĻһаʽֳܷġ
ȴһǵƱؾǸ֮ģ˭᲻
Ҳôһ˭ĻûٴΪ˴ǣţԲάһƽ״̬
ҿˣĺģ˭Ǹ˶Զ˭ҲԿҲҶģ޲¶Լĵġ
ǺǣľͶģѵ㲻ɣ־ҲһϣЦ˼
ҲãҾ͸һѡû顣
ﶩ¶ԼʱȴûзŷҹѾǱǵ࣬Ůͺյ˻ƶʱû飬ҲûʲôӰ죬ĸ̫࣬ǵϢڲס׾ͱ˷֣ԻڻƶӰȫһЩ
ŷҹȴûгûȥ͵ϮȻԷ˶Ǹ֣ҶҪԸˣ˿̳ҲаһˣԼѹǴ˿ţŷҹҲûбɱİգһ֣ȻԼݶ¶˶ɱ˵ĻȻԼˡ
Ҫɱڣ̸ףֻһ˵
˵ҪǸ֮ŷҹͱȽϸȤˣһ·ѹ·ϵıһ·ȥŷҹȴûȥѹεȤֻǺĵĶȤ
ɵŵӶʮӵĶǶȻһǳҪıҺܿ͸ԼйأȻЩ˾Ͳڿ˵ǸйأҲЩŶųͷ˰ɡ
Ҫ֪ЩŶǸߣĻǾɵļ̳ˣһŵѡΪֶԸؼУŻɳṦ͡
һٳɹĻֹͣպŵλ֮ʱŸӴ
һ˭Ҳ֪һҪԸˣȴǸһҲϹż֮С
ŷҹҪô죬ɶҪ濹⣬ֻһĽҲЩǵ
£ǻѹıԴЩǲģǾͳʱ䣬һȥռĵıʲôǸϵʱѾˡŷҹ˼ƻţɵһߣҲ̾ٶȣ˸Ȧӣſռȥ
ҲǲֱȰĵĶԼɶô뷨Ա˴֮ڻţһȥȻ⵽ȫȶ˾ͻᵹùȻȶ
Ҳ͸ŷҹӵĻᣬɲȥʲôԴһҪģǸĶҪʲôϵôš
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ȻʵǿҲ൱ʱУϢȻͨҲ֪һЩġ
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˭Ҳ벻ôһķϵżȻžıأŸйصܱ
ŷҹһ·ϵرܹһЩӡŵɽСɽһСɽǵǰƮ֮ʱ˶׷ױǰľ𺳵ˡ
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ŷҹҿ˿ɽȷѾռľͷˣɽʱֻɽıߣ޾һûа취ǰߣʱ·֮⣬κη򶼱ɽסˡ
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ŮˣݸһЦ
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˵һ󣬾ǰЩɽķӡҲ˵ƾƵģȻЩɵҲߵôˣٵҲϾ֮ǰЩ˾ѾϵĻǾ͵ҪֹͣȱסԼ˵
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ŷҹʶ֮УȴѾоˣûʱôƽʵϣһ·ϣŲʮķأֻǵһ֮ʱǷȻԶرˡ


516 Ʋķӡ
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䡭
Ҳ֪ŷҹ˶ٴˣÿεĽһģҲЩ
ŷҹķˣЩ˸ոպþ͹ˣǲǵ˴ù


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һǬǺǣ˵ǬסҲδؾֻ֮أߵǬŷҹȴ˿ˣԹԵһأǾ޴սӰ϶µ
Ӱ۵ս񣬱ӲӣͬϹ޵еˣһ֮£Ȼըмֳ룬Ȼ£¿͵ҲΪûк֮һߵȥˡ
һƿͨƣ־˶ɫһ
Ǹ޲¶ǾĹϵ˲ϣ޲ռʲôԵϷ磬ȴϣ˶սһһĵ߾ˣȻһҶ󣬵Ǻùһսһѽľ档
һŷҹƺǿеˣͲʲô龳ڵΪһ֮Ͱһ龳ڸˣһ֮޲µͨƣԴҲ֪˾ԱеκһҪǿʱҪɽۻĻֻܱ֮˸ˡ
λǻҪٿȥô޲Ҳ֪ԼһҲûа취ŷҹɱģֵֻ
仰˵ܹҲԼȫʩչֻԼֻܵΪֹ˻᲻ûɱǸˡ
ֻµʱһ˵ǣ˵ԼŴɱڵ˾֪м٣Ҳû֤ȥ˵ʲô
ò˵ǧǰɱʵûô࣬ܶҲ˼ŽŴ˵ȥɱģڹŸˡ
£û˽ͣΪǽҲûãΪǱɱһɣû˻Ϊǽ;ȥǣӶǵ׷ɱ
ǽȴһɱңñɱ׼Ϊ˼䣬ҪñһĵĴ㡣
ʱ־Ҳּƻһŷҹʵ̫ǿҲҡˣŷҹ޲ɱˣǴˣƺһѡ񣬵ĻҲܵסŷҹ£ȻԷɲֻɱ޲һˡ
˳ְҲһˣǸһɵ飬ҩʦźҲǽŵƲǿС
Ҳã֮ս͵ȵ˵ǰŵɱ˵־һ˵
Ļ˭޷ģһ˰ɡҲǺһЦ
ǻ֣ٵȥСӾҪܵˣһΣı˭õ޲˵
ɽѾŷҹȥһˣĶҲŷҹղˣҪٶĶֻܴŷҹõﲻκεıء
Ǻǣ㿴ŵı󣡡ǺһЦ̾ӿһѰѱ
ЩһӶѵصʿһϵŸΣⲻһֽ󣬸һַ󣬶һԽΪ
ڳһ֮󣬳˽֮⣬һȫγɷε
ԶԶȥ¶һŵرֻ޴ɽɵĳһ
ΪνıǾʹˣΪԱΪǳ仯һֽͨʩչġ
ֻ֮ǰѽڳȴǴһ˵뷨Ϊ˶ûжԼȥ϶ᱻŷҹǵһĿ꣬Լܵѹͻ
ⳡսǰٷְٻӮͿһӮ֮˭һֱӮȥ
־ȻҲӺֻǰԼǰ˰ڣǸŷҹˡ
־ֻӵĻǲˡ޲ЦһŶԷ
˭Ҳ֪־ȣͲɱƽҲֻһˣĶѣڻϰԼķҲ̫Сŷҹǵ۹ˡ
ߣҾ㿴ʵҲ˳㿴µõķɣ־Ҳûٲ˽ּһͭ
֮Ƕķֱһͷ̾뵽˴˵֮һǿҩ֮мΪġ


519 
˵Ǹҩ˵ǳãսҲǾԵߣһҩ֪Ҫ˶ٱ
־óҫģ϶һ򵥵ĻɫǾͲҫҪ˳Цˡ
һʱѾ³ˣ϶Ǵ˵֮Ǽñ벻ҩʦžȻⶫ־ҩ־սȷһ̨׵ġ
Σҵꪣ޲˵Ѿһꪡ
ϲ·ǳ·޲µֳ֮һεӰצƺҪ˶ɡ
ꪣڻãȷ˳־ҲЦ
Ҳֻϧҵôһ㡣޲˵
ǺǣҪʵΣɽһŵҲǱû³ûκεá־ȴһߡ
뿴ʲô˵ͷӲ޲ҲǼ
λǴһֱȥôȴɨһٰۣĿŷҹ
޷ˣСӻܷ첻ɣ޲ȴŵ
ĵĻԼŷҹսռˣһĻҪ˵ŷҹӵóȥҲ̫ĵˡ
ˣţһǷ龳ڵţΧɱһŸոս뷵龳Сӣⲻ˵ӣӦ˵Ѿ൱ˣӻٴһ㣬ǵǰԼ̫ˡ
ҲûΪǴģֻǾŷҹʼնһ
Ȼ֣ǾͷɡһϣǧӰͻȻֻ޴ĳһǰȶ˲ϯһɾ޴ķˣŷҹȥ
˳һʱͻȻֲַССУǵ㣬ȥǰһĹֲģҲַĽ
ڲҵǰýŷҹЦһȻһͽ־һƬɽӰɵı֮С
ֻһ꽻ŷҹҲǻĽģȻĽնϣͺֻһһͱӲȥŷҹȴһֱûиıԼķű֮ΪĵĶץȥ
ʲôҲ뵽ŷҹǾ벻Ȼ̶ֳȡ
һ˵ж˭ԼӲģ
ûУ˵ǵ岻УǷ۷壬ǵĸף̫ϳһԼȥӲӷĹּ˺ܶС
СŷҹǰԼЩҲ΢С
һӷŭǳȴǷǳѣŷҹֲǵ֮ϣץĽڻ˿˲ɼ˵ǿˡ
СӵǿᣬҪƳһ־ȴ˷쳣˳ӣŷҹѾͶ¯ˡ
Ȱ˵ɣٲ֣ҵıҪˡ
һѾ𣿡ŷҹЦһϸǶ˼ǿ֮
Ҫҵı𣿱ˣɽġһ£ķ̫ϳϸģˣֻ֤ŷҹ̫ϳҪǿˣǿ
ܡûڣѾ˻ȥŷҹһ˽ȥĽײ֮䣬˿ӰٶȣһѾץסĽ֮Уĵһѱ񽣡
ˣĽ޷ǾǿҵУ㻹ô߶⽣Ϊѡŷҹץŵǰѽ΢΢ţȴݺ֮ϵ£ǽҲͺʵһû˵ʲôܶԸŵӣ޲ߵġ
ԸŵӣӦʲôӦ޶۵ģǴһϵ˵ǾǵǰýȴǷǳǣΪ¼õĽǵУ¼ĽҲǵĴ֮УýǰԼһ棬ȥǿķ档
ǶԽʵ̫ϤˣϤÿһѽֻҪһУǶܹǽȱ
ţѾǰѽо͸˵ˣǵǰýʵһֲǵΪ
ǡ˵⻰ˣԼûùķһѽĻȥһȥŵӶԿĻǱ֤ø졣
õǽϤҲǽ˵ǵĽֻܶԽƣǽһ򷨣ֻƽ
ŷҹ˵ҲŵĵϤģȻǽõǽǽ䣬õֶΣϤֶǣյĽǣ㻹ûгֵʱѾ뵽˽ʲô
ڵĺıһ˿ץŷҹ
ˣҵı񽣣ôܱߣɽ򣡡һ˲ƺŭˣȴ˸һıƺΪı⡣
񽣱Ѿ˷ͻȻ֮䣬⽣֮У͸һɫķ䣬âֻһţǽϵĸоһ˱óޱȣҪŷҹֶѹһ㡣
ǺǣôһΪҲ̫Сҽŵķ֮ˡŷҹ˿ţ˶Էһָֻۣⱱ񽣵Ľ֮Уעһ˿
˲䣬ǿȻҲûһ̾ʧˡ
䣿ԣͻȻһ䣬һɽڻģҲ˵ǱԸ˳
Ҳ𣿵ȻҪ˵㣬ɽȴŷҹ˵㡣
Ȼѱ²ѱı
򣡡
Ȼɽ˽⣬ȵ
ǱˣǵɽȴûУһȴʱֻƾճһɽȻŷҹѹȥ
ǺǣһɽѣΪҾɽһһ𣿲һѱ˵ȥӣЩ͸ҵĻƶðɣŷҹҲ˵ƶûмѾѱ񽣣ӵ˻ƶԳɿռ
ոߣϣڵĻֻܱѹˡ
񽣱ԷߣһۣΪǱҲʲôرķһս׻˽һЩֻ˭Ҳûע⵽ѡ
֣ʱλʵ
ҲûԷ˵ȷһֵĺʱԷ׷Ҳս֮С
־ɷ˵һӶӲŷҹȥǷȴǸɽγ˺Ӧŷҹм䣬޷ѡ
޲µꪣ˲ɳ֮ӰžŷҹȥƬ׶ܿһ⣬ָצǿ˺ա
ΪոѾˣΪꪾ˵𣿡ŷҹż
ɽȻѹĿռ䣬ûе·˵ĵزġ
ꪺģѾһƵĽ⣬ŷҹһӣֺϻŷҹˡ


520 
ֻҪһ񣬺ܾܿҪ
ŷҹȻûжֻؿһԼӦһֻҲĺ󱳣ȴȻɽ
Ͻøӿ񱩣ó޲ҪŷҹһɱӵִͣһҲûĽ޲Ҳɵʷ֮Уصһʡ
ɱŴеӣǷͬСɵ飬ڵĽſɲǧǰĽˣʱŵӻǱȽ϶ģڣ¼ҲֻôһֻᣬŹ
һһŷҹΧס֮䣬Ҫŷҹһ
ŷҹɣϹŵ¾ѵϹ廹ҪӼ𣿡޲һŷҹ֮βס̾Ц
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޲˵ģɱοһƵأ
ǲģǵꪵ˲㣬ҲŷҹνﴫһûУһһ˭ûмʶ֮϶ο۵һ
ΰŷҹһסߵ־˶΢΢һ֣ΪôѹȥҪ޲µײˡ
ɲ׽֮Ϸͬ˿˺ģֻҪٴȥڴŷҹ֮ǰƱҪȸһ
ҪײĻǰŷҹȻ޲µõʲôˣǶŷҹ˵ǸҪŵˡ
Ȼûж֣ȴǰŷҹŷҹһ˲ѡܵĻǱȻ˵ĹԵʱĿռԣŷҹʹҲֻܱܿʣ˵ĹҪܣ˶ѵĹͣ£ò˵ҲǴ˲ٵơ
Ҳǰŷҹ˵˾·ϣܿꪵһֱӾ³νһ˵Ĺ˵Ĺˣûзֱġ
ꡭ
ߵĹһͣꪲŷҹĿռ䣬Ҳӽһˡ
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޲벻ĵطҲĵطŷҹšΪ֮壬Ȼǲâһ£ͳɹķȥ
޲ûа취ܵģ꪿ɲеģΪҪϹżĺıŻʱóԿɵŵӣˣȥûа취ġ
ûйҲˣٰꪸŪˣλӶǲ
ĸάڵĳϴҲ΢ʣڵҲֻһ΢΢ռЩϷһ֮ӣЩ˿ռһӳôʧѱλϲȥ
ꪸŷҹ־ͰҲյ˻ƶʼ
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ڵĿȽ뷵˵鶼벻˵Ļͱʲôȥŷҹˡ
ŷҹ˵ҲûдΣѵĳŷҹҲ;ˣڵЩСƶѡ
Ů˵ҲרĳȫЩɷ񽣶
ʱҲŷҹٴͶ˻ƶ
һǸ񽣣Ҫŷҹ̫ˣ˷ܵؽе
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ΪƶһܴЩȡܴеõڷǿϵòĽ֮߷֮е棬֮龳ǿЩѪ֮˵ͳ㣬Щ˵Ҫˡ
ŷҹҲɱˣΪЩ޲Ҫɱģ֣ͱɱ£Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
ŷҹ㾹Ȼҵķģұұ޲Ѿŭ
ڲȥƽʲôֻŰꪱðŷҹˡûꪣܰŷҹҲǴһŷҹûɱɣʧꪣǻȥûа취ġ
ЩȻôõŷҹж٣һһҪʱȴѾûϵ˵ǱˣͲ֪Ǽڲˡ
ʵҲǣһƶʼѾʼʱֻǺһڴ߶ŷǺŮҲͨʱĹؼһ֣Լ뵽˺ڡ
˶Ǻ壬Ȼ岻ͬƣ֮䲢̫ĳͻôһҲǸӵӦ֡
ֻǼ֮䣬Ѿûԭӣֻʣһ˶ӣҲʼڻ뵽˻ƶ֮С
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龳ǻ׵ģƶ֮УԳɿռ֮ڣﻹʲô٣ޱ˳
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ȴСҲһˡ
ֻкڲٿŻƶûüԻǻ񾳵Ϊ
ãٿⷨҲЩ龳ɣǻƺһսףˣŷҹһ˵


521 
ˣҽ龳ȥˣҲֻŷҹ׸ɶǷڣǻƺսףҲûаӦеκһٿط󡣡ȴǾܾˣȻֻʮӣȴѾٶ꣬ǲκ˲Ҳ֪ڵĹؼʲôƶһƺ֮ǲϤеķ󣬾ǿתҲٿأʱɡ
ŮһۣҲú˵öԣҲʲôǲԼͬԼ뵽˺ڣһٿط
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ѽ㣬᲻Ժ˺ǵ̫ĻӰԺġСÿǰһĻĵ
ڵӲԼγɵģ˼֮ŲЩڰ˼ԲŻֵġ
صģȻŷҹƶѾһޱȣЩͲ˵ԣҸоļ޻ԶԶδǸպһСһ㣬Ϳ̶Ⱦͺˡ͵
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ȼ˭ǲʹõģڵķƣȼյĿɲֻ飬г˵֮⣬˵Ҳ츳
ǺųţȻҲ֪СС֮ʱ־磬ǸԵŬ֮⣬оǵ츳ǹһȣû츳ǼǸͬŬҲܴﵽڵΪ;硣
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ŷҹʱĿ⣬Ҳ¶һأַ֪ǿƴһƣҪ֣صضԴȻͻḶصĴ
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ʱ˶һ֣޲£ǻпܣҪŶԷܾˣôѡ֡
Ľֻ޲츳һȼ˷ѣŷҹҲһ֮ܵˣ֮

Ȼֻֻһ
뵽ʱѾٹעŷҹǱߵսΪǱߵĽѾ˭Ӯ˭ضһһһ˵ûҲȥ˵ˡ
עǶԷһΨһܸԼսˡ
ǲܰѶԷˣвҲһҪԼ䱸űԷ͵Ϯ
ĺڵĿռ֮УԽԽĻ棬صŶԷƶ֮䶼Źˣһٴڡ
ֻһֻþʵŻùһٶмײȥ
֮У޲¶аЦݣɹˣŷҹԼΪóĽԼƴһƣһô
лһصķ䣬֪ԼƵĻȻˣԼս顱϶ῴԼȥǻͷתһ߶ûȻʹذԼµķضٰŷҹһơ
޲ͷԼ򵥵ˣûаհŷҹһôóҪԼһơ
ŻҪײɲǣ޲ͻȻ֮һĲԼƣһ
ı򲻵ѣóܵıȻҲ䣬ڴ˵֮𣬻ȼ֮ܣ츳֮Ҫй֮޲
ֻ֮£ŷҹһˣԼȻʹƣֻҪĲ츳ܰѶԷأʱԷһ츳Ϊ˲ƷϵķҲᾡΪԼá
־õģ˵ɵ޲°Լűص̫ˣ¼֮⣬û֪һķ䡣
ʤ΢Ц޲µķնȥ

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ǰɡ

洩Խ
ô£޲»ҪԼĸʱƣǵײĻѾ͸ž־ײȥ
ʱҪ׼ֵ޲²ŷ֣ſȥĻ棬Ҳֻһ䣬һһӰ
һѶԷʽӰ񣬶ģƻķ䣡
ּ򵥵ҵķ䣬ֻҪǻử˶ǾȻֹؼʱ̣׵ƭˣֻΪŷҹոװ̫װԼװҲ̧ƣҪóĶԼһƴ£װԼļı
Լͱƭˣ̫ˣһ̤ԼȦ֮Уֻջ֮εϲãȴ֪ԷѾһӰ͵£Ķвģ
޲źȼ츳ʵ츳Ҳûȼն٣ǲӣֻǿϧ˸ոյʱ֪Լ¶öԷ˲ӿϧԼǶֻһŵģûùٽŬֻһܹû뵽ǹһ
Լ˲󣬿ŷҹܵ
޲ͻȻʶ⣬Է˵м䣬ܿԼĻѾȥŷҹȥ
棡
ĻײϣһЩɫ֮ʱŷҹȻѾ̫֮˫ֶ֣һأ
һնƲ񷣬棡
˭˵ԼĽƨ


522 
ʼնһȦףԷǿ͸ԼļıԽƾͼƣ˵ԷͲںԼõǼıģûдԼӲƴһ£ʹ˳ɽȥġ
ǵɽķ䱻һն£ѣǬ䶨֮󣬿ֻʣһֳƬƮƮķ䣬ֽһƮػһС磬˻ҽ
һеı̫죬־˵ѾŷҹǱߣֻעŶԷͻȻ֮Ʊ仯
޲µĻײ־ȲѣΪԼ޲µİ֮ʱͻȻⲻһ䡣
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Ϳˣʲô䣬Ҫѷˣ֮æԼķû뵽޶ⶫҲڵһʱõģٵ˿ҲǴ鷳
æңסţ̧ͷһЦˣΪǵ侹Ȼ룬ˣԼң
Ҫ֪ǵɽɲһԵķǿһֱȥģҲ൱һܰǵɽƵĻҪ޿ܡ
ԼҲƵˣĻòЩأˣ׻ˣһһԺٸʱԼضռһˡ
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523 
ų򣬾Ȼδսӣ˵ľ˲ѾעѾҶ˵Ķ֡޲Ц
ƺǰͲȥһ
־ҡȣұʿξһսҲӣһ֮ľȻħԺͻƣϼѣߣУ춼棬ʲôǲҵġ
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Ȼٿ֮䣬־Ҳʧˡ
ħԺ飬˭˭ȥɣӲˡ
Ĵͷ̫ò޲ţԷ֪ԼҲҪӣٳⱻʲôġ
ںˣѾЧϴţԺҲûħˣĶûˣħ
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ǼһĴĿŵҲΪ٣Լһ˷ͼĿˡ
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524 
ߣңҪ𣿵ĽŵӣϷԵϣҲûлһսȻҲǽŴˣҾһ½ŵĸС俴ŷҹЦʤңҪߣȻ㡣
ʤһ۷壬ǰ벽ɵǿߣ˵ʤͷˣǼֱ͸û˵һ˵ʤˣҪס
ҲãҾ㿴ҽŵӵŷҹҲûԷĻЭǱǲܵ飬꽣ŵ㲻źûΪǣͲڵ
ǺǣСӣ㲻ô˵ңֻϷĻҲװôˡȴǶСƵƲм
䡭
ȴǰ̤һռ䶼ԶԷΪģҵһ£ռҪˮһҵطӿš
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һ޷ƵӡȻڳһѷ죬벽ɵķȻŷҹһ֮£ѣ
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ΪȻǽҲûа취ҵұֻס񽣵֣ܵȥȻһ£漴ѾӦ
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׿ɲֻһЩƶѣһǵӡŷҹ׷ӡġ

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ɱһУط׶Ѿ˳û뵽ŷҹֱӾһʲôطףֻֿͨͨյȥˡ
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ŷҹҵҪ㣬ȼֶ֧áȻ˵Ϊڵֻһʹˣ죬λĪΪҿǣ
ǺǣȻǲᣬֵʵҪǵڣǼֱ̫ˣֻǷǸСӴڶѡ˵ӰֳǷ۷ϵʵ
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Щ˵ҪҫЩҲţܴӽĵӸĴս֮УʲôԼΪһ
˿ŷҹķӦƽԼȼһ⣬ڲһڵΪҪ벽࿹⣬ǻŲСĲ࣬һѲûȫ̫ûа취ֲ
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ʵŰѽԽõյĽ֮Խ٣õĽÿһѶŷҹм
ҲҪģǾŷҹϡ
ŷҹҪѽ׵ոո벽һսȻȼٵҲ̫ͬ϶ȱԽԽߡ
̫֮ڻ͸ľһΪԼˡ
ǣҪһһһϣŷҹָ
⻰ʱ˶һŷҹԼ̫һ֣Ҳûл·ģھȻһƣ̫ˣ
ⲻǿܣ
ֻһսŷֹߵĻһᶼûУȫϵĻȻѣδؾͲһյ£ʱͿҵյߡ
Ǽ۹һЩĳ²⣬Ȼ˵ú񲻴ǴߣҲÿԼûӵסһɣ
Ҫ˵ŷҹֻǵҪһյĻδҲ̫ˣĽǿյУûȥˡ
ǺǣСӻ治֪ߵغ񣬾ȻҪսˣ֣㿴Σ䡣
ԸĽĵӶǿһҲһͰɱɡ仹ûлشȴѾڡ


525 ױ
Ļ൱еģŵӣིʲô֮ɱ˵侹ȻҲʮͬ⡣
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ǿϵĴˣȻ˵ҪһΧŹŵӣ˴۾
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ŷҹոյȷȼ֮ȼյò࣬ԶԺӰ죬ɾôһ֮ȻͰסˣʼնûռ˵ıˡ
ⲻò˵һֲּսȼΣֻҪУͿһֱȼգҲһֱ޷κСӡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԭСһֱսһͻȻˣٸ濹⣬ͻȻ֮ʧˣȼ֮£Ҫȫܣܵס
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ȻԼҪģҲհˡ
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ǰһһɻ֮ֻңѾͣ£ȴڿɢݻһ޴ķ
ĻҲǰŷҹƵһҩʦĿ֣ҲԤʾһҪˡ

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ǿңңԣľŷҹһˣΣҪŷҹǰ
ٿŷҹվм䣬ƺʩչȫ
һ޵ѹŷҹ壬ȻһͷҪһ¶ޱѡ
ԼûҪѰŷҹ̾š
ȻߵһǾֻһǰˣ
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ҪҲв˸ͲҪֻøְ취ԼҪ޾
ô˵һʩչģǿˣŷҹȻһ˾Ƶ
ȻոյֻһƣҲ㹻ˡ
֣СˣǽŵӡҲٰڼӣֱӾкһҪŷҹɱ
Ϊģŵһӵպɵ󻼡
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ͷǱռ˵˼Ҳһ𶯵ġ
֮гֵĲ֮ǰֻ֣һŷ֮Ĵӡӡʩչķˣӡһķ֮ͰѰϯģŷҹУƺҲûѵĿˡ
ʱŷҹƺûвһֻǱĿں̫˿˿ƵĽ֮ʼڣʶȥ
ʽʯͳ߲ʣϵƲûǣúһͨһ
ǰĽľԼΪϢȴһŷҹԼһͨˣҲԻš
罣
ǱҲǷԼĹƣǰŷҹסǽɱˡ
ȻЩС˼ԼɱԷȻҪеԷĺ⣬ȴҲţǸŷҹڱѹ֮£лѡ
罣һ磬һǸǷںϵһļ磬˲ڷʱܻᷢһ
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׺棡
Ȼ˵һ֣ҲûţͬҲǳ֣һʽƺҲϵ׺棬˲ͳ˷֮Уͼ罣һŷҹƶȥ
֪˵ĳ֣´ҶΪʽʵǷԼӵеģΪ罣׺棬ǷףǴӷ﷢һģһûа𣬲ò˵Ϊ൱߶֮󣬱˴֮ûҲܴﵽޱĬĳ̶ȡ
ֵѹټһǽķʱȴļ罣׺棬ǷҪĽడ
ٿŷҹһ֪ԼվڹŹصſϣأеŽ֮
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ۿĹҪŷҹǰ˶ѾΪŷҹˡ
Ǿʱ򣬺Ȼһѣһֻ޴ͭľ޶ŷҹߡ
һתΧŷҹתһȦʲô罣ʲô׺棬ͨͨ
꿦ꡭ
罣ڻƶһӡۣû˵ƶĸټ׺Ĳƣƶֲ֪ʲôƷķЩܲסһ
ڱһЩϸС·ҲҪ˵ķһΪܲ˾޴ĹҪˡ
ƶһŮͺ¶ΣˣԳɿռ䣬ռһ൱һСıը
Ȼˣܵش˾͸˵ˣڱըĵŷҹ϶Ҳ⣬еŮͺˣǲٻ
ŷҹҲǴһȫû뵽ԷĹƶԲæʩչ˽֮
ƶɣ
ŷҹһý֮޸Żƶһȴǿת֮󣬼罣ʱ޷ٶȻڲִ֮䣬ŷҹٿصĻƶһڡ̡˶
׺棬תħĻ֮ǻȥ
ֵɱУֻ˲ͱŷҹ⣬Ȼȥƶϻ˿˿ĺۼǴһ֪Ǻۼֻŷҹûü޸ֻҪһĹ򣬾ͻ
Źֵķꪣ۷ǿ֮£Ȼֱŷҹ˵ĹˣѪĳ嶯
ŷҹȴֹͣһȻȥռϷ磬ҲʮΣôƵģ˵˷Ǹɲǲһ磬ʱ򣬾ͻֱճϡ
۷壬ǰ벽ɵĸ֣ΧǲԷһɱҲʱʱ̶̿Σյġ
ŷҹɲٵȣֱ˵˲䣬ͻȻȫ̫Ľ֮˲յ൱֮ǰļʮ
ԭ˿˿ƣյĽ֮ھ뺣һ㣬Ʋ赲


526 һ·
ΣŷҹҲ˽һЩ̫֮İȥðҲżֵġ
ϵƽڽڱǣӷڣһԾ˷ڣٴӷڣشţҪֱӾƵɾһ
СӾ̫죬ٲɱǿɾҪˣһƣﻹ֪ʲô
ŷҹһţһһŴˣڽŵѾǼһСģҲû뵽ŷҹĽô죬ôңת֮Ѿ̨ףھѾǷˣȥĲǶˡ
˭Ҫ֣ȫһڻȫһٰɱΨһĻᡣ˿ǵСһ˷۷壬벽ɵľ磬²βסŶҪ
˵òǾһжͣ˵֮£˳ͻơҲŭ˵
͸һȻ˴˭Ҳ˭ڶԸŵӵʱȴһЩĬġ
Ͼſǹͬĵˣǲ˸ÿ˶ʳѰ֮ĶԹС̸֮Ҳ١
һӴĬ֮Ȼֻ÷ѹ֮ãڴӡ֮Уһ䣬ѹǿ
ҲóԼķͼһ֮Ͱŷҹո
ղһȻû͵ȴҲûдﵽԼȫȴѾû·ˣֻƴһսȻۿСӾҪɱǵˡ
ŷҹʱҲ֪ĻȷǲõֵΪս֮Ĺؼʱ̣ҲǿԱձߵֵģ£ǱձߵֵҲǲõֵ
ǿߣǰ벽ɵĵزǿɲһʵܵסġ
ֻҪٵһʱ䣬Щ֮ȫˣһս֮ڣ֮ȫʲôս
ŷҹ֮㵲һԣӻƶﴫƶոĽ֮£ٲһҪؼˣλķ龳ǿһս
УǻԶŷҹֹ̾
Ǹոյõ˼ö˷龳ǲķ龳ҲֻǸոսѣҪԷİ벽ɶԿȫûпܣֻһܣο
ŷҹһսƶҲԹ޻ڣҲȻ˵
ŷҹΣ֮䣬ѣԼôܲӶ
Ҳǳ֣ǵĳֲֹԷĹҲܰҰʱӵҳɹս֮ʱνŷҹҡͷŻƶﴫϢһúÿ׼ʱлᣬһܣûлĻǡֻбƶͬھˣ
ͬھȻǲģŷҹһ̵ĵֻĵһֻܸЩŵͬھѾŮĹˡ
ǵòݣһЩŵǺɲҪá
ʱ򣬳˷øӲöԸѾһ«Ҳһ˵ǿ϶ܵġ
ȴȻɳ߰ѷɽ߰ѽ϶ɭɭ֮ÿһѽڱ䣬ȥ˿˿Ϣ
󣡡
ɱ
˲ԼͬؼԼɱУŷ֮дɱ֮ŷҹ˲һɱС
ƶɣŷҹֻںǵİ֮£ѸٵЩɱͷ֮
ǿ֣ô׾ͱոɾġ
ֻת֮䣬ŷҹҪˡ
벻ҽ̫ȴվŷҹХһµĽ֮ҴڶţȻҶ䣬Ҿʹһ·ɣ
˵ţŷҹǷԼĵָ㣬Ǻ«ĻɱĽնԼϣǲܲ˵ķӡȥ
ҪһٰǴӡƣȥɱ䡣
ɱôܵһ߳˵ɱУһ߻Ҫɱһˣʱ䣿
һ̴ҶоŷҹΣһǷˣǲܵ飬κ˶ûа취κһɱУοŷҹֱӾҪǲĻûˡ
ŷҹȻһɱ˷򣬵Ǻ׷ɱҲһڶţֻǸעڷ϶ѡ
ôҾȵǣɱУȻıȥˣСӵѾ̶ֳɱжһɵһӰɱٶȣ
һ̺ܶ˶ãˣȴúܡ
ͬЭɱŷҹǵģŷҹҪɱǸոҲȷͬЭģǵһŷҹɵʱ̾Ͷ˼ŷҹĿȫԼϣûȥˡ
һӶ뵽ڰŷҹɱˣܵôģʵ䣬ΪԼ˵һɱ
ǲ֣˵ǳŷҹһȫϣͿ֪ˡ
ôģҲôģֻŷҹһܾ֮һٰŷҹɱȥеĸǿߣԵ˵ˡ
ĶۣһֱΪʵǿһȻֻǿһߣ˭Ҳûа˵ʤԷֻһζûаա
ںòôһᣬΪʲô᲻Ҫã
ôһᣬôΣգΪԻһУ䶼ҪˣοŷҹһҲһˣֱ³ʱ˾ʰо־Ϳˣֱ֮
Ȼ̫صƶԷƵöˣԴҶֻ֪ᣬǻˣҲ
ڣʲôҲûа취ȥֹˡ
ŷҹСӵĹжֲովѾʶˣΨһģǰԼػ
ʲôѹѾ׷ˣٰŷҹѹ֮ϡ
ѹʲôãŷҹѾһ˽ϾˣٲӦڵֵϣһҪһ
ڵ֮ҲѾˣڵ֮󣬾ֱӶ֮У˭Ҳûа취֮аԼٽӳɣ
ʱһ˵ķâһټʱ򣬾˺ÿģŷҹֽŵӿɲʲôʱҲʲôʱõġ
ֻһ£˿ģԼˣҲȫŷҹɱȻǿҲܲصĺ
˶ļƽϣŷҹȴʲôҲ֪һƵģֳ̫գһȻŷĴӡȥ

ֻŷҹһ̹ȥ֮󣬾Ȼûκε죬ֱӾһӰӣڷˡ


527 ǰ
Ӱ
һ˶ŷҹûŷȥֻһӣ÷ʩչһŷҹĻӰǰȥԼҲ֪ʲôʱ֪ܵܵȥ
˵ٶȺÿ죡
˶ڸ̾ţŷҹܵȥҲһ˼š
ֻӰǲԻֵָģһĸ֣öãΪһ۱ʶ֮˻ӰֱӹøʵһЩ
ŷҹǸóһóĳɹˡһΪŵӵݣټոƴļãһ棬Ҳ׼˶Է϶뵽ԼûӰóǳ˶Է֮⡣
ô˵ŷҹǳɹˣ
ûУ˲֪ŷҹûߣΧŽ磬ŷҹֻ֪ܲҪԷһͼ˺Ǳߵգܸ̾Ӧġ
˶ŵʱͻȻıϢ̽һѽѽ˫ֻһ̳ǧײһ㡣
췴ӦҲǼѸ٣ֻϧŷҹ죬׼˶ԷзӦĸʲôܶѾˡ
ôܵļ㣬춼û뵽ոһϵжȴԭΪֵġֻ˲䣬̫ʹ̴š
Ҫ˵ʵǵһҲֻڲಮ֮䡣
ŷҹҪ͵ϮȻѡʵǿ䣬ոļƣƫƫҪȥʱŷҹʧȥ֮ľ񣬾䶼ѾСĽӦԣ˵ĹӣҲӮһЩʱ䣬ŷҹ̾⵽˵Χ
ŷҹһôǵӦ֮УһֻһСʵȴӮƯ
ǰðĽ棬Ȼ֪ԼϵˣҲû뵽нĻ
ǿ֮䣬ΪʲôѡԼⲻƽ
ҪֻһѾ
ʵܼ򵥣ɱһδؾͻˣ㲻һֻһƺ«ѣǵСһǲںŷҹϷ˵
³һѪƺ«ֻ۾«ˣǿӵıĻһʩչҲ֮ܵ㾹Ȼ˵˵ƺ«
ϧЩŷҹǲٸˣΪһŵˣһҪȥû˿塣
һƶɡŷҹûа벽˷ѣһץͶ˻ƶ
ֿǸĲͬǿһھȻûͱӵ˶ȥˣֱǺš
ЩԶԶսĵӳǴˣˣһʱоЩʵ
һΪǿߣո˻һսھѾûˣ
ŶԷŷҹӽƺӦʲôɣ
뵽ʱȻŷҹǽŵӣԼô￴Լͬɱ
ֻϧһѾˣֻ˿ٶŷҹɱȥ
֣һٴһû˭˭ΪѾˣԹ֮˭ѧŰƷ£ȶԸѲĵˣȻո³Ȼÿһ˵Ľ

õȴǷûпóʲôֻһƣ֮зڳÿһһ㣬ƬƬۼ׶˸ŷ׵Ĺ֮䣬һھء
ǿƣԶԶܱȵģĴڡ
޻
õĻɱĽһ֮䣬ʱɢɹɵĺССĿռ֮Уʱͱס̤֮Уͺ˵һʱһͷ޴֮ð˳Եӡ
ɲ˵ģŷҹ̤֮УȻо˿˿֮ƶ֮ǻǲ֪ҲŸĹЧ
˳צȻŷҹץֻĴСŷҹ˲ܱɷһ
޽Ҳһһĺ˿ŷҹĲӲƶȥ
һ벽ɶǰԼʩչ˼ޣҲûһ˿أһŷҹȻҲ¶صɫ

һʱ䣬ûӲֻһ˸ȥܿ˵ķâ
ǰ벽ɵĹôһܶ㿪ģұ˵ˣ˲ƷҲܲס벽һһض
ŷҹʱҲǰп࣬ո˸ͷ֮һ˿͸Ѿˣǲǲưոݡ
｣֮ûϣҪôȥӲأ
¡¡
ŷҹڽ֮䣬֪ǲǵðϵķԱ뵽ĵһǻƶ
ȻƶǽŵıȴŮͺǰѻƶԱǾ͵ǰĸˣŷҹȻǲô
ԼȴǼϵ֮Ҳ׾ͷܷģֻ̫ˡ
Ȼڿ̫ƺǱǰѽҪһЩŷҹǾҪǲеĻҲ
ŷ񽣣Ҳŷҹһ̬ΣҲôġ
¡¡
ŷҹȻ̫֮׼Ҫױ񽣵ʱͻȻ֮䣬żھҵز
벽ҲһģЩʧȥƽ⡣
˶ǾȵؿĳһطΪβֻżڶڶͬʱһǿĵ׷
˵ƺЩˣǲǱֻһ˲䣬ȴڻѹͺһɽһѹ֪вȴҲӲֻܿѹûĿܣһ˲ı˾
ҽż֮Уȴɱҽŵӣˬʣſ񵴲˿κĵطһ֮ȴһӺƸǶһ㣬Ҳһ⣬ЩŵӣԽԽˣҽŴֻһӶѣҲֵôʦڣͷһսҪɱҽŵӵĻδҲ̫ûаҷ˰ɣ
ǰ֪ǺˣŷҹһҲʲôŸոǸɳ̫ɽ֮ȥ
ո̫ɳûٽ鿴˭뵽Ǵɽﴫġ
ӸոյĻҲóҲǽŵӣһǱԼ˼ǧǰһֱż֮еġ
һֱ˵ܽŴеʱʦĲлйһν֮⣬һֱǹһˣֻڸոյʱһӸоԼҲŵģŲֻһˡ
ǰȻΪ˸лʦľ֮һֱѹŵĿ꣬ÿÿ뵽оĪڵѹڣڣͻȻоҲͷġ


528 
ǺǣСӣҲǽŵӡǵͻȻٴЦ⽣ż̥Խ̫ˣǧֻΪ˵ں̫ڣܹԳһ壬ɽȥˡ
ɽ磿ŷҹһɽûҽŵĴУ
Ǻǣ̫ˣţΪݣôɽиȥΪ㿪·ɽ֮УƱҲо޴ֻΪ㣬еĵӣ̫˵֮䣬Ѿһ޴Ӱŷҹǰ
ֻȻһ˵Ĵ磬ҲǼᣬȥ಻ʮ꣬һüĿʿ
˭ŷҹһ㶣ʵǰ˵ҵʦ
˭ʲôҪؼǽΨһĵӣ㽫ɽĸİСӣɽ֮е㡣̫Ц
ô˵ǰ̾Ҫ𣿡ŷҹȻЩá
ǧ꣬Ҳǵóٲٵòʱˡ̫ŷҹЦЦҲգȻҾҪˣ͸һЩôϾȻǽŵӣȴͬڽţĽһЩȻʦҲиļ䣬Ϊߣ֮е˻֮Ѿûˣڻ𲻵ʲôݸȥֻ꣬ҪԼټŬպһͻɽ֮ʱɽҲΪҽ𾪲ѡ
лǰˡŷҹæл
ֻԷ֮䣬Ѿһ֮Լʶ֮С
ŷҹ˲䱻ͷΧΪͬͬԴŷҹûиоκεĲʣֻƬ̾Ѿȫ
ż֮Уȴһ㣬ԴŹҪȻһ취ҲûУڶڸոյ֮ء
Գ̫˵ˣʲôΪǿˣΪʲô˵ΪʵȴܱǸǿ
ԣ˵ҪˣֲãһʵǾˣɣôܶǵѹ̶ֳȡ
ʱȥڸŷҹڹһ͵ϮǵľѻᣬаûУ
ֻһ˲䣬˾͵óĽۣûаյ飬Ǹ͵ϮһףҪ͵Ϯһ֮󣬻ܻǿɾˡ
ȻûĶɹ׽٣ɾɣʵѾ̶ֳȣѾûˡ
׽٣ǲһʽһˣ˵ʵɲ׽ٵĻɾֻһ˵Цˡ
׽֮ʱɫףʱ·һ˿̫̫ŷҹ΢΢һЦѽҶ֮УҲǧ֮ãվˣò̫룬ϲ¥Ҿѽʵǽ֮ǰɫһˣͽͨΣ
ͨŷҹ̾һ֣ǽŽ߾硣
̫ͨظ˵ŴûɹһѽŽһͨ񽣣ѽʼɡ
Ͱǰ˵ģ⽣ͽͨŷҹͷţһ֮ͨ
ǺǣǾ˰ɣǾʹ˱ɽŽһһ졣̫ЦţѾգȥҪȥ׽ٵϴˡ
ǰ֪ѽŷҹͻȻʵ
ǺǣŵĽֻлԵ˵ʱܵõԵǰҲԶĽһѵû𣿡̫ЦѽҲֻɽ֮Ѱˣ꽣ѽ󣬾˶ֻҪΪˣȫˣѽҲȻˡ
лǰָ㡣ŷҹ֪̫˿ᣬǶԷż̥ûɣѾ˼ǧ͡
ָ֮ԼպҪҽȻҲһˡ
Ҳ㲻ʲôָ㣬ֻǸ㣬ҲҪĶˣǾ쵽ɽɣ㣡̫˹һЦŷҹˣһ
˵˫һϹż¡¡
⡭
ɵĵӳǣĿɿڴؿǰһĻ
Ҳˣ˷ȻҪżһ
ŷҹȴֻ֪̫ǰԼıֻɽ﷢ӳԼ
ţȻһżҲƿշ
̫˵ģȥɽ磬ȴ̾ʹӦѩĺĪﻹûҵòٺķһЩʱ䣬Ѱҡ
żɵ˰֮УǸ̫Ҳż֮Уֻۣ֮Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ嫵
֮䣬ϱ֣һ޴磬ڽż֮ϡ
żڲϵرСţȻһ˵壬Ǹ̫ˡ
˿һӰǻ׵׵Χŵâֻͷŷҹһۡ
ŷҹ⣬ͬҲǳ
Ӿ޴磬̫˵ϣÿһž춯ص
Щ޴ƣɵӳУظо˿־塣
棬ֱصһᶨ̾ٲ
һ̤·ֻһ·ߵͷͷǱ·ˡ
ˣѵͲ
һж֮Уûκѡ
ʱ̫㹻֮һնƿ޿ռ䣬һ̤룬˴˵֮еɽ硣
ǿЩµľ޴֮ȴڿǻţŷҹ벻룬˶С
ʲô
·˾͸Ŀɿڴˣ˷˰ɣ
ոǸ̫˳ȥΪ˼ѾôߵΪŷҹȻҲ˽ȥⲻ
ԣոǸ̫ƺǸһģȴûаɱôһĻһŷҹûҲ·һ
ǶЩ֣̫ҪʲôҪ˵ǰŷҹģһ˶ûɱͷһҲֻǰһ£һ¶ѣôˣ
ս˭ٰŷҹΪôŷҹʤ˰ɣ
ڵŷҹղҲûֻ̫Ҫ֣ȻǸոյ˵ЩӺͳأŷҹһܾˣ˵ƽ֣Ҳǰȥ
ŷҹҲɱٰ֮Щ˰ɣ
ΪԼǸ̫ˣ
һӴҶˣŷҹΪʲôٵ̫˵ǲİģΪʲôûаɱˣٵŷҹΪʲôȥ
ⶼһ˲뷨ᵢκε飬Ҳ֪ŷҹҪʲô
ŷҹ̫֮нЩǾҲòʮʵ󲿷ֶûģŷҹҪ̫֮ˣһȻǲ֪ˡ


529 ׼η
֪ˣҲʱȥֹʲôǿװһ׽֣ǾͿܻᱻ
ǰ벽ɵľ磬Ҳ˵ԼܵסЩ֮
Ǿţŷҹ֮лɻҽɡ˵
ȻҲŷҹ׽ٵ֮лŻֱ̫ûˡ
ǾԲ䣬ŷҹˣʲôҲ˵뷨
ոջţŷҹǾҪһɣ
Լ˿ûôɵ֮ɲôմģ׽֮Уʮа˾ŵ³Ǳɻҽ
˿̫˶׽ٶɵ˼򵥣ֻ¾ƿշˣӴ˾Ϊɽٺܼ򵥣ǿɾ˴ˡ
׽ټ򵥵Ļ¼κζܱˡ
ʱŷҹҲ׽֮ǽȾɫҲ֪Σգ̫Ȼĵ
λżǰһ۾ܱԷϵϢԲҪȻҲԼѵһָôལŵˡ
һ֮УŷҹѾ֮ΧˣȻǿǻصֻһ˲䣬ŷҹ;ԼҪˡ
嶼ҪɢĻĽֻлɻҽһ;

ŷҹѣֻʩչһ֮еĿ֮Уֻصֵĳˡ
ǲУ˲Ѿ⻹ֵ֮ԶԶ
Ȼǲƺֻ˳ȥһ·ˣ
ŷҹͷֻһ£̾Ĩɱˣʲô֮ǰѾˣڳȥֻǰʱһѣ𲻵κξԵãһԼʱ򣬾ԲκεʧһٶȣɱɱԼ
ֻ֮УȫĵطΪ˶ͳԼıռ䡣
˵ˣҪ֮Ҫôˣû֮̾ͻᱻΧˡ
ڼɵ֮Ż᲻ŲʵؿֻҪһʧǿԼû̾ͻǿһ
ܣŷҹѸٵ̫˸Լ˵ĻҪ̫֮Լǲ̫ʲô壿
Ӧǳ׵صֻ̫Ľֻ֮ս֮ĻҲû̫ķֱ̫˾Ȼ˼
̫׵ӦԼ֮Уôǳ׵أ
˲䣬ŷҹѾһ˼·̫һ˳Ȼ֮нӡ֮Ҫںϡ
ȻŶӦͨΪ̫ҲСӣѽںϣһѵ㣬ڽ֮ѽƺѸپںϵļ
ǽΪһȻѸٵڡ
ֻǽѣأ
ŷҹȻԼڱѸٵȼջŵģֻҪϢ¾ֲ֧סˡ
Ҫˣ
ŷҹһ˲䣬ӻع˱һԼվǽ
ԼһѽͨҲںϵһǷͿԶɹε׽٣
֮˽һ
˲䣬̫ͨں˲ϣ̫֮ʹʧˣǰѹŹֵͨҲ˲Сı仯
ԭϿխͣѾƽֱˡһĽһѷƥ˫Ľ
䡭
ŷҹһϣ˽һ˲䣬֮оȻٴα޾֮һҪɽ٣ŷҹʮֵùһ
Сӣйùġ俴գҲЩ̾
ǵʡǵ鷳Ĵ֮ӵóû˵ʲô˵ɫȴЩѿ
ŷҹĴ֮˳ǿ治һý飬ҲĪڴˡ
飬Ѿȥ룬˵ǲԸȥˡ
ֻ֮е֮ɢȥȻǾҵһŻҽڻҽ֮УжԷµľ񽣡
񽣣
ǻһݣԷĿҲһֵĽ䱸
ŷҹˣһα˵ˣɫλõı仯ôٶ顣
䣬㲻Ҫְɣؿ
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ôǲŷҹµĶУǲĻôҪһˡ
ŵӣǧųôһϵĶԲˣǸСӣһڣսڣȻŵҪô֮ܡ
һˣ⣬֧ôã˵ϵĶֵͣһַɵʵض
ŷҹ˷Ǵôģ˵
˵ָΣĿҲЩ
˭֪ŷҹϲʲôûУ˵ģõǰ̫Զ񽣶Ҫ߳һ
ţԽǵĽûа취õΪŵӣİץԷ϶Ҳа취ԼõĽʲôֶóҲûʲôãοŷҹҲδؾܱǻץ
ǷǲٵŵĽһѲģ
ǧǰżԼˣǽǺúã˵Ҳܳɾһأ
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ҿǼ󶦲͸ֻ֣ҪŷҹĽͿˡҲ̾ԼŷҹҲǲĶ͸ȥðɣ˵ҲƳһķأǿǽŵӵ
Ǻ鰡Ͱ˵͸ɣֻҪ˵бͿˡҲЦ
ⲻҵ뷨һôİɣҲ˿õ˵
˭ҪõĶأ̫ŷҹĽǱĶҲǿ϶ûа취ȡ
ߣȻǲɣһŷҹ֮֮پһսʤЩĹɡʵԸһô˵ȻǲȾָˡ
һսȻԣҪȫһһս֪ΣȻԷʵΪһ֮ȴҲû˿صá
Ǻǣȫһս㻹ǴֱʰҲû뵽ԷȻƴһսҲһҪⷨĹ
ɣǷ񽣣Ҷ֮˵ʱδҲЦˡ˵һʹ컰
ҲáҲ֪ʲô
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ãոջѽĹȨˣ̾ʶ˲
Ҫ֪ǸոջŷҹսһΪͻȻ֮ðһɽٵż̥ǲŻʱ֣ͣŷҹȻ׽֮л߳ˣǰѾ׵ˣʱŷҹҲ֪ʲôΪϵϢǱոǿ˺ܶࡣ
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ŷҹһ֮ĵһ飬һնˡ
ͨں̫֮󣬸˼ߵ֮һ͸գ˶ȫϵһ
̶ֳȵֶΣҲʩչǴ˿̿ɲŷҹ֮ܣѾ˿ˣո˵Ǹַ飬ƺѾʵֲ˰
λǻҪһķ𣿡ŷҹЦЦؿ
Ҳ֪ոյ㶼䵽˿մȴҪˣոյ飬ǶԵûзܱ֤պɧڣ
ǺǣǵûʹܲܵûзŷҹЦ
ڻΪԼһֻ֮ҪŷҹƽϣŷҹӦһŷҹɲôһףΪ;Ѿɱˡ
ŷҹ㲻ҪΪںһѽͿԶɱˣ֣֮κθ֣Ҳܴߣ⻰вˡ
𣿡ŷҹȤˣȤؿҲôģ
ǺǣȻ˵˳ҵȻǸվһߵġҲǸ˵
Ǹվһ߶֪Բܸŵվһ߶Ȼͷ϶µһ𣬰ԼǽŰףһնɱ
ŵʵȻǸѾ࣬ǵ׻ǲһЩģٸЩһԼһӾͳʸ֮ˡ
Ϊһ֮κε֮ǰԼŵ档
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ŷҹǰΣǲȥܣΪƾһˣͿԸɿ𣿡
µһţҲ˵µɿ⣬ţֻһ˶ѵĽţȻ͸ң
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⻰һݣѵǣѵǲ֪Ľŵӣ
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仹˶оһǳǶģ⽣ٶ֮죬ֱǵƽŸոһͷѽѾǵǰӹˡ
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ɱǱŷҹǰһȭҵ߰ѽɢѣʣµҳһš
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ŷҹǰһЦһ㣬ֻԷһ֮䣬Ѿ˵ķ
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ĪЩνħ壬ֻЩħ壬ڽ֮󣬸߽µĲѪЩħĺħ츳塣
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Щħʵ̫ײˣǸӣҪӿµӡ
ѴЩħ֮У뵽ȻѪ
Щͼħ壬߼ħ壬ΣȻǻΣǸ࣬ԵøӢ֡
ټµķ龳ٲĻɾˡŷҹһ֮ѾӣҲûٽѵ
һʱҲЩ㵣ǴʱʮȷǲۼµߣǷ龳ǿĴˡ
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531 ǿ
һӵգȻѸٵؼеһâȥ
ħ֣ټǿߣУ߼һһ٣ǵ绰һ㴫ķա
˲䣬вٵķǿߣƿնһЩġ
ŷҹ߿ţһǿƿռвٵɣǴԼĵһ
ЩȻƽδͣǶħ˵Ҳ֪أ˿˭˽ǿ϶һȫûдֵˡ
㻹ǿٵȥĻɷסˡŷҹߴٵ
ȴЩԥˣҪȥָЩˣЩҲδضӡ
µһŲ٣ټʱҲ˲٣һˣָЩ˵ʲôʲôǻ̫ܡ
ô쵽ģ󲿷ֶǷ龳ҲǺڵʵЩһЩɽп޵ķ۷壬һİ벽ɡ
ΪǵﶼһҲ̫ϳ֮ĴڣЩĺҲЩ̫ʵ
ַӦÿ԰ɣŷҹüͷ
ҲЩˣ£ɲܸ㶨ģ˵Ǹ컹ڣҲһǸ㲻
ڵĸȻ٣ǲħǱߣǱ빥׽ľһٿߣֱһȺˣ˵ں֮ڡ
ӿҪӮһֻЩѶȣؼЩ˶ΪԼָӵӣ̫ˡ
з龳ǿѣħڣǴҲŽһ£ת۾ͻᱻƣǲħ°ɣŷҹವһգԿ˵Ǵһǿȣ˲ģ̾͸ͷ֡
ŷҹȻ󣬵ÿһ˶ȴһҲǰʵ˳
ֻ⻹ЩĶһϹŶһСӵĻôûԹԡ
Щ˿ҪָǣͱȻҪһǵʵҪǿΪҪߣҪҪϵ˲УʵⶼɣôһˣָҲǷǳ׵顣
οĶһЩϹŶ˭ʸǸϣ
ţ𣿡ŷҹüͷһѵҪһſ϶֣
ЩΪߵķ龳ŷҹô˵ҲĬĬȥ޸Ľˣ⵹˵ŷҹҲ֪һƣ綼ᱣסЩӣʵǲҪġ
ŷҹڣһæµʰﲻϳֵ©
ȻʣҲ֪ŷҹ˵ǶԵģǲЩں⣬ħһˣǿɾǴһ֮
ͷúܺã󲿷˶Ǹŷҹ
ŷҹҲž˶ˣŲٵϹŶֻĬĬЩϳĹ
Ǽˣ䵽ħ֮𣿡ŷҹһתͷ֮䣬Щ˻޶ԣʱЩŭˡ
ǺˣһƿСӣȻ͸ָϷ򣬾ǵϷոյ˷龳ʱ򣬶û˸ô˵ҿǲ˰һͻȻҲеϷҲά磬һҪƻⶫ
˵һ÷ԪҪڲѽˡ
˭Ȼôţ
㲻֪ǴǰŵڶİһΪ˰벽ɵĳ̶ȣѾȥ׽ٵʸֻ˲һֱڱ˶֪ĵطޣ߾Ϊˡ
ǶģǸô˿⣬ҲǾûɵİѵ֪ħƴ𣿡
ƴΣϷҪЩħкͣռ磡˵СӲһѣĻһ޲磿ҸģǸСӣվȻָҶģֱ̾棬ߵͷһһĻ
룡ŷҹ˵û꣬һ˳ȥ
һѳƮƮȥûκεǶһȴΪȻ׽һȥ
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ĵ϶һѪֻԼ֪һʲôǶնˣǾһ磬һƮѾϡ
֮䣬ǷһһӾԼɢˡ
˵һ飬ֿħ壬˭ģְӳȥŷҹȵ֮аϵϡ
˶ǿŷҹķ򣬲²˵˭ȻŵȥĶĶʹֱΪ
˸еڴеǰʱЩ˴ŶøƽϣȵħĴһ˵ʱСǷˡ
Ҳ˿ŷҹһƮ̾ʹʧɫûٶ˵ʲô̿ʼУ޸Ľ硣
㡭Сӣ㾹ңʲô磬ϷƴŷҲҪˣľȻȻŽնȥ
ûаæҪеħ嶼Žļơ
ڤ粻飡ŷҹѾĵǰȥ
ߣСӣ㾹ȻҹǽվڣҪ֪ﲻʲô㶼ָܺӵģ±תͶ̥һǵãҪЩǲˣһҲһŷҹȥ
ϵϢǰ벽ɣ⻹ӡ֮ǰķӡ򿪣˲ͷˡ
һܹˣȻһƿСָָȥֳ裬ҪԷһ㹻Ľѵɡ
ЩħҲˣ˵Щħǽˣһ֮Ҳ㹻ǻˣʲôþŵģֻҪСɱйŭˡ
һĳ޴ƿԻأȴһûУţ뺣Ϣûз
һǷͬСɣоԼڱţǿϵһռ
ŷҹúݣܹжʱͻȻԼѾ֪ˡ
˺յһ֣öĶԼ˵ģѾ㹻κ˶Сŷҹˡ
ŷҹûлشѾĹڹ⣬ħǿ幥һŶײ
ǡĻͷһĽ֮⣬ŷҹȻǿİӵһ˶ħ
ֻ˵˵ѣһ˶ǿԣҲҪкܲаһȥ϶Ҳҧİ
ȻҪһ˽ֻóȫˣҪͼ磬Ҷ㣡ŷҹ˵
˵һΣѾ
СӣΪʲôִԽⲻɲе𣿡ٿʱŷҹѾص


532 ּ
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ʱŷҹǺ޵˹ûа취˭ûȥԽأ
ʵһֱĶһЩͻ֪ŷҹҲǶ׽ٵˡ
Ȼ׽ٲģҲĵȷȷǶˣ֮֮е򣬲̫ͨˣһҲˡ
Ȼ֮ܶɹ׽٣Ҫ̫ˣ׽ٵմ󲿷ٰ֣Լһʵʱŷҹ̫Ҳ̶ȽŷҹѶȡ
ǲô˵ŷҹǾ׽ٵˣͻ磬ɾͻգﵽɽһ
Щ벽ɣһѾʵȥͻ׽ٵˣֻҪûȥ׽ٵģڵŷҹ
ŷҹǴ׽֮طˣȻû˺գȷѾ˲ɵˡ
仰˵ڵŷҹֻҪĻʱȥ֮Ҷŷҹ˵׽ٵĳɹĻʱҪ߳ûʲôȫĵˡ
Ƕ֮ôһֱţȴȥ׽٣һǲȥɽһССɣʵ˵ǺҲûм˸ǵɽ磬ɾֻ൱΢ʵȽ֮£ȻǸԸԸȥʲôɡ
һ棬ҲҪԭûаڶ׽ٵʱܹɹضɹȻǧ꣬Ƕ׽˵̫֣ûʲô˵ԼоԵİա
׽֮ʧܵĻǿûһεĻġ׽֮лҷ𣬵̫ƽӡ
ܶϹŶ̫ϳϵˣҲΪԭ򣬶Ըȥ׽٣Զظ֡
һģкöһصƽʱǱҲһЩϹŶǿߣЩ˱ҲŷҹָӣŶĳͷȻҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
İŷҹʰˣСȻٸҷǻŷҹİѶĸˣҲЩ˸Ҫעʱ򣬱ϾĿҲǵ֮ܰǸ˻ܣҲлǵʵ
˴һŷҹȻܻܶģ֮ǰҲôһѣ˭Ҳûа뷨ʵ⡣
أŷҹˣûֱӶֻ֣ոһ֣ѾǰѶܡ
Ĵʱڽ֮ħƴȻ֮ɱһƬħ壬ȴΣֻһǿ棬һ̶ֻͣҪһͣ̾ͻᱻħΧֻܲͣɱɱɱֱԼߵһΪֹ
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ЩҲˣŷҹ֮ԳֶԸģһȷǴɱӺ֮⣬ǸҪΪĲҪȥƻĽ硣
һƣǶΪȻûʲôˣǴ򲻹ʱԽ֮Լɽȥ
ҲŴĵͼߣвٵƽЩأ
˵Щħħ֮һͽ׵Сħͷ԰ǸɱҪЩ˵·ŷҹȻ
ְӵ˽֮⣬ҲǲҪķԼ̫ڵĽѾñȻ뱻׹ƻźܴľ룬ϾϹŴܲ£һ˾ܴƵġ
ЩħһбǿҲֻӣ¾ߵ˼϶Ҫ¸ڵĴ㣬ڲʼȹ̽磬ȵһ죬ħ˸ǿĸ֣һӰѽƣǿɾҲˡ
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һ֮ŷҹȻǻص˽֮У޸̽Ľ̡
ЩϹŶǣҲûһٶ˵ˡٶ˵һ䣬ŷҹְҲӵ˽֮⣬ǿɲʲôӣ湮̽Ҫɵöء
ŷҹû˵һĻҲûվȥκˡ
ڴҶ֪ǽŵӣֻǸо˿ֲǲҪΪеĺˡ
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Щ֮УȻҲɻΪʲôָ˵ĲŵҲĳϹŶһߡ
ǿŷҹΪȻҲҶ˵ʲôοЩϹŶ˵Щʲôô죬ɻһ£ʶȥʡ
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סڣЩԺ򲻿ᣡ̾ͳ
ļʶŷҹʲôΪȻҲףЩϹŶɲǻһôСӣȥָӵˡ
ҾЩϹŶ˵ŵҲӲڵһԣֻڹŽ磬һȴ˶Ѿµп϶йŹ֣ǼȻûȥ˵ҲȥʲôֻŷҹķԸȥ̽¡
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ķСӣȻָֻţҹ
ûг֣ѾűŭˣһڵĶţӣԳһĿʦȻܿһţǿ϶ԼΪҲ൱ŵġ
ȻҲǷھ磬žһķڣҲĶ֣ǸָӵŷҹȴһΪڵСӣͣҲǶʮ̥꣬Ϳʼȥ
һ˵ˣǰŷҹӣҪﵹù˿ѾǷ龳ĸ֣ӣҲǿ̫࣬ǾԼ˾޴ߣҲҪսһŷҹء


533 ħǿ
һ˿Сӣ󵨸ߵǻǳûǲҪٳϸκεĹϵҪɴ鷳ġ˵
סڡ̺ǳ⣬ϣһοǱҲҪʹȨǴϣҲҪԼӦЩʲôǸͽǻˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôһӵɫƣȻǲ˵ȥȻҲǷ龳ˣǱӻ࣬һֲ౻ֲˣȻͲܶԷЮơ
ҲҪӵ֮𣿡ŷҹתͷӡ
ֻһڵΪȻ͸а壬˲еûӣҲ룬ΪʲôЩϹŶ๤ûһ˳ԣֻҪͷǻð
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Ӳע⵽ڽ֮⣬һλϹŶﲻͣҪɱŷӿħ塣
֮ǰûע⵽ע⵽ģҲΪλϹŶԼ˽磬ȥɱħġ֮ǰЩĽϹŶǸ˱Ȼ֮⣬Ҳһİ
һȻԼȥģǱŷҹȥģ⡭Ҳ̫Ǹɶ˰ɣǴţɣ
뷨Ҳֻ˵˵ѣҪǴţ˵ĵҲ̫һЩȻǸϹŶڽ֮⣬ԷԼģȻٻ˵ǱӳȥģǿµһͻѶԷӳȥ
ԾֻһЦҲȥģܿܣǸϹŶǱӳȥġ
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ǰ˵ǧϹŶǧǰѾĶ壬ûټ˵Ƿˣ˵ǷӡԼΪˣڿȻȻǷӡΪȻӳ˽磬ˡʵ̫ˣ
Ķ˳ȥֲû˸ҿˣǸɷǰıӳȥл·ǱӳȥǵĻǿɾһ·ûˡ
ЩۣӵɫҲȴʧ˸ոյӡ
ʲôˣССͣΪкεºָǧǧߣµȻҪһλ¸صǰʵĸλǰˡҲ֪ԼղЩðʧˣ֪ǱӳȥģǶԷ˵ģҲôԿŷҹ
ȻƣѾóԼıˣЩǰƽ˵Լʲôˣŷҹе֪Ļ϶ǰΪУڴһǰָܹһŷҹ
ֵǣ˵֮ȥʱȻûһϹŶȥҺûһֻĬĬعŽ磬ոյһλһСһ
Ҫͷû뵽Ȼֽﲻû֧ԮҲ֪Ҫôˡ
ˣ˭ָӣȥ̽磬Ҫ˷ʱ䣬ħ嶼ֻͼģȵ˸߼ħ嵽̽ĻʱˡŷҹҲûȥʲôֻٴδߴ˵
ǺǣԭҲ֪˭ָӶԣΪ㣬ңĸλǰһβˣΪŷҹڵӣ˸λǰ仰֮̾ΪԼһ̨¡
Ҳ롣ŷҹٴβͷˣȥ̽磬ĻҾͰӵ֮⣬һưɱ
ǺǣôĿҵҪôӵ˽֮⣡˵ţѾȫ׼
֪ŷҹΪӦҲӵģȻôš
ŷҹҡҡͷ޿ɾҩҲûа취ԸٸԷ£ΪǱħƺѾиֵˡ
ңңһƣָ㣬һεĽ
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Ѹȴû뵽ŷҹһУûκεԪȴȻ֮͵ܡ
תȫֿʲô۵һѾ״͸
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ȻܸűȣҪڶһϯ֮أǻǺ׵ġ
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ʦǷڣһָˣԼֻһ۷ΪĶ˵Ҫŷҹ
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ոջͼŷҹϣ˿ɫǺڵ
Ӳɫתͷȥ˶Էһۣû˵ͬĬתȥŹ̽Ķ
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˻ʤ㣿Ǳˣǿ˼ֻǵ˵ָѾӸɱˣɱǶһµ飬ѹԼˡ
ʱȻռһ𶯣ȴŴħͷˡ
Щħ岻ǸոЩŹֵһȥսʿǸüǿ׳ҲǸոЩħһ˲ٸһ֮䣬ʱѽҵеҡΡ


534 
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ħ壬һ𹥻֮£Ȼýҡεôò˵ЩħսҲǺܿɹ۵ġ
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ЩԽǸ߹ħ壬ŻԽ࣬ΪǱʮָߺˣЩȽϹŹֵħ壬ǺһЩõħᣬһЩ֮µһЩˡ
Ȼֻʮȴ̾ŷҹߵע⣬Ҳ֪ЩˣɲǼġ
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ڴʱ֮һ֮£ԾеĶĲ
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һЩϹŶҲţԼǲҲҪأ׽ƺҲûôѡ
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Żû̫ϹŶǸȶĸϵġ
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Ħɫϵرţô£һʱһǿߣɱǵ񣬵ҪɱʱȻƿշˡ
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ҵֵǻ棬ܲܰҲһŪĦ̽š
ǺǣѾǲˣǿԣҪȥĻЩѶˡŷҹָЩڽĸ߼ħ
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ǺǡĦȴЦţһħ˲٣ΪԼһ˾ܵסֻ˵̫Դˡ


535 ħ
ֻ۾һ˶ħģŷҹֱһӣָڳڶߣǿߣħˣټϽҪ룬ûпܡ
СħĦҲЩߣЩϹŶЩߣҲһųսǲǣǻħǿľӣЩˣֻһɢɳѣʱܵסǵħһ£ѾǺ˲𣬵ҪһֱȥҲǾûпܣ
ô˵ǲˣŷҹʵ
ҲˣĦʵ
Ҳħ֮еķ۷壬ʸħҪˣûҲǲ˷ֺġ
Ȼͽһ˵ɣŷҹȻһЦҲż
ҪĦ²ףԷɲ̸ֻеģѾȥˣԼŴʵڣֻһˣԵڶߡ
ĦҲһСˣ˵ħ壬ûһõСġ
ȻڶĸְΧţһҲšֻҪħĴڣŷҹɱΪмֵġ
ģǿаٸϳȥĻҲЩˣǵĴûȫ֮ǰҾͰ㳹°ɡŷҹЦ
ǺǣҪҳҲûôףĦЦ
ոһʱ죬ŷҹռһ˲ŵھڶǿߣҲһ
ײףֻԹ˲֪ܴЩߵĻһԿǷһΣŷҹ˵
ǾͲˣҴĦñ˷ŹңŹˡĦ߰
¶еһŷҹ˵ȴѾŴĦ̽ȥ
ͿĦͨħ壬ץҪܲͨһЩֶΣֱħ˱ܹȻõĽ
Ҳ״̬Էһǲô˵ģǲɣɱԷһ߲㣬ҲǶħʿ
ȻʿֶһЩͼħ˵Щ߶ˣЩ߼ħ壬϶һЩѹġ
˵ģԼʱ磬ɱָ߼ħ壬㹻ħעˡ
ĦֻҪ뱻ץûκܹץҡĦ߰ЦıͻȻһɫ
һĦһӾͱƮѾһռʱڼƽȵĿռﴩһ޷׽ı
ǡ˵֮еħ֮̾ϳԳǲħģһħֻ֮һԶѣٰǾħ֮ˣʱ˵Ƿ龳ɾҲܲ׽˵ˡ
ħ֮Ǵ˵֮еķû뵽ħܰⶫƳɹˣ˭˵ħ岻óƷģѵħ֮˵𣿡
⻰˵õǲܰħ֮ҲƳɹ󲿷ֵķ⣬ħֶΣʵǿ
һʱ֮䣬ǿǶ۷׷ףֻһټľȣ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
Ǻǣŷҹû뵽һɣֻҪħ֮˵㣬Ҳ˵õңΪץܶǴˣųԼҲˣĦŷҹ
ǷܲӵóȥûаĹϵŷҹħ֮ҲǰһⶫƺҪҲֻڿռ֮н˸ħ֮ȴڸռĲ֮дԼõĻ𴩻ǾۻҵʽôһһԳħ֮ҪһֱֵħĴʱҲЩɣ
Ħɫ˱䣬ҲȷѨֻϣǱ˶һ㣬õʱ䣬ֻϧŷҹһھͽˣʵˡ
˵ģֵܼܲҲҪԿ֪бץҵħ֮𣿲žһսԣĦɫһ䣬ȴų
ŷҹܴˣ϶ҲһʱǶܹܲ˵϶ҲǸҪת۵㡣
Ħţŷҹܴ磬ҪץҲһķѸʱ䣬Ȼܲħ֮ǰ˵ǹƽ֮һסŷҹһЩʱ仹Ǻܿܵġ
ĻŷҹֻҪٳ֣Լʮ߼ħ壬ؾͻᱻɱһ
ֻħ֮ŷҹ»ҲøħŻĻᡣ
ŷҹһĦͲԷӲƴҪʩչħ֮ء
ֻɫĳһ̾ͱøƮŷҹһӾʹӰﴩȴûı塣
ŷҹҲˣӵʵҪԿҵħֱ֮ǸЦĦЦ
ˣŷҹǶһ´ӣԷ½ǶûҪץס̸֣װ
˵ö԰ôû뵽أŷҹȴһöˣǱһ£תһֵ˽֮⣬ҸѾȥץ㣬߼ħֲֻһץǲͳˣ
˵һţָɽһ㣬ѹѹ߼ħȥ
߼ħ忴ȥҲЩ׷׶˳ֵɲħָ֮߼ķҲûʲôرǿʵܵסŷҹʱŷҹն˿ȥҲ¡
Ǽʣĸ߼ħҪһ𹥻ʱŷҹһ֮䣬ֻ˽֮Уƶʱɳ߼ħ屻ɵ׵˻ƶħʱ߼ħ֮
ҽ֮󣬻ƶѾָƬ֮䣬һǿʹӶϷۣ߼ħõŷҹУš
߼ħ壬ôȥץŷҹ˵һ˽硣
Ħˣո˵ЩΪ˼ŭŷҹԼٶЩʱģ뵽һﾹȻĲԼɹһ߶ȥץĸ߼ħˣһӿʧء
ԼأҲɱ
вٵİ벽ɾЩϼһץҪɱǣҲ൱Ѷȵġ
ǶʱԶ׽ٵˣôöԸĻǻҪ׽ʲô
ɱͼߣţ⵹һ취ɱأ
ʱŷҹѾеİ벽ţﲻھͲ龳ĵӼҵⱻĦ͵Ϯ
ϹŶҲûзԣȻʲô͵ϮǶвٵĵӺͺ͵ϮҲһ־޴ʧԶҲûʲô޵ġ


536 ôĦ
ôһĦҪȥɱǸǲˡЩͼĵӶеһ𣬲۴ĦôеķŰ벽ǿػš
ǣЩ˾Ʊ֮£ڲϵعĽ磬ôĦѪ
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ŷҹҲ൱ƣƾһִԽı£д򲻹ˣһԽȫˣ˶
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ЩɱˣǱ׵˻ƶܵĻڶȼţ󻯳ǾҲȷĸ߼ħ嶼ԽԽľ
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ס֣ɥĲ࣬ס֣Ħŭһŷҹǰ
ףôܹˣҵ·Ҫȥɱħ塣ŷҹЦЦһڴֿɼĴĦȴûһ
֮⣬߼ħ˲ȥŲӵʱŷҹǰǰѾɱ˰߼ħ壬ʣµļ߼ħ˿Ѿ˴״̬˵Ǹ߼ħ壬˵ֻһʬһֻ֪ʱŷҹĵһľǡ
ħ屾һս壬ǿǼ߼ħӣһųսˡ
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ôҲ̸˱ɣǵˣ̾ߣһԿǲɱЩˣٲ˵ĻɱĿɾͲֻǸ߼ħˣַħ壬һزħ磬ΪһƶļƷŷҹ˵
ߣǾ޿ܣҪˣҲģֻеħϡĦӵڲҪɱħ壬ҿħ飬ܷ˱
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˵ŷҹһٵ˽֮⣬ƶһף޴֮˲ʣµļ߼ħ嶼·ħһ̰Ѽ߼ħֱյԼĻƶʼ
⻹㣬ŷҹҲûǿʼ˴ոЩʣµĵͼħ塣
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Щˣһ˷ѣڶħ嶼䵽˻ƶȥ
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ħƬƬ£ŷҹÿһ˸Ǳǰһ
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ô죿Ħ˵һȷ棬ԼȴŷҹؿŷҹȷɱһƬһƬ
Щ׳ŷҹʵ治ԼҪǻܻŻȥĻҪôȥˡ
ಡ
ŷҹһԾ磬һߵñȽۣҪЪӡ
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˲䣬Ϳһǹ˸źâŷҹķȥǹĺâԽԽ󣬺ȫǸˣһǹ֮£κ˵־ᱻ㺮âκαĶˡ
ս⣬һ˰սⶼһǹ֮Уܴﵽ־춯صЧ
ŷҹǱһǹȫסһ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڴҶΪһǹҪеʱһ˿մ޵еһǹ̾ײ˽֮ϡ
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Ҷ΢΢üŷҹǳһǹãҪһȻûд㣬ȴ˽磬һǶԽƻ
Ŵһ𹮹̽磬ȴħȥ磬⵽Ҫʲô
Ҷôʱ򣬾ͿĦһǹķ֮ýŲһʮħ֮İ֮£θס
ʱȻ֣ŷҹȻˣȥ
ءŷҹͻȻ֮ڴĦĶ
ĦѾоΣգȴȲٷӦŷҹĻƶѾѸٵ
֮󣡡
һʥİ׹⣬ѴĦ˸ʵʵģħ֮һ̶ƺû˷
ֻ֮Ļǻ޷ô׵ذѴĦסؼǸոһУĦ޷վΣŷҹʱѾıؾ֮·ϣһд̴ħ֮˿̵ħ֮ȻѾôʩչ
ոһǹŷҹǲܸԷӲƴҾӲƴŷҹʵҲڶԷ֮ϣĦռκεıˣҪӲƴһǣŷҹȻԿҲûа취һõ
ĦҲɵӣ֪򲻹ʱ򣬿϶ӲƴʱԼҲûа취ˡ
ʼʱûע⵽ħַ֮ĻŷҹҲõܵħ֮һչûй̫İգڶʱڰסֻһЩֶˡ
ýĹɢһħ֮ӴĦͳһ׵ĸˡ
𣿡ŷҹЦ
ħ֮ŷҹ£ĦҲ֮ס֮Ѿӵ˻ƶĶϡ
ȻûӽȥѾûκεķŷҹؿ


537 Ħ
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Ǻǣô˵һеˡŷҹһ£ǾͰ˰ɣҲһħ壬ǣҿ
ĦѪħ壬﹥ģͲ˵ģǲҶ˵ʲôһʱ˵ʲôŷҹٸı⣬ǿɾǵ˰˱Ѫùˡ
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ȻЩʹޣǶ˵ǼŪ֣ոյʱǿˣƶɱħһ۷ǿ߻Ҫĳ̶ȡ
Ļʵͻһ¥ˡ
ŷҹȥҲûֻ̫ķ̫˶ѡ
Լȥ֮󣬸ħôܣɵҲô
ֻҪһʱͻԶŷҹҲץһεǾϵڶεˡ
ʱħ˽飬֮󣬰Сеķ͸ԼʱԼĻƶˣҲƳһǿ󷨱ͬħҲҲˡ
ⲻǲħˣǰ̸֮˵ŷҹЦʵ
Ħû뵽һ仰ҲܸԼڿӣæ͵飬Ҫħˣ˵ҲһãǼ߼ħѣŷҹҪҶ͹
ĵλͰ߼ħ嶼ͣҸðŵˡŷҹЩϧ
Ħ޲ܳԼƣʱ򵽵Ҫ˵ʲôźʣԼҲãˡ
ңһⷨ󡭡ĦС˵
Ҳ֪ô˵ʲʣŷҹڵ˼
Ǻǣ߰ɣŷҹ˵
ллĦϲ
žͿŷҹָ㣬׹ڴĦϣոջϲ̾һʹı飬ʵŷҹʲô㲻Ѿ˵Ҫһȥ㲻ã
˵Ҫ㰡Ҳ˵ҪⷨҪⷨھҪħ֮ԾȴϸͿˡŷҹЦϵĶȴѸˡ
ʲôҪҵħ֮ҪĦҲû뵽ŷҹ⾹Ȼ
ħ֮ĶֻҪħ֮ڣǱ߳һȼ۷ǰ벽Ҳûа취ûɾֻһͨķˡ
ڣŷҹͲڣ¶ԷҲûԼȥ֮ʲôΪ֪ħѾˣҪģԼħ֮ô򵥶ѡ
ĦƴȫħȴҲûа취赲ŷҹħ֮ѾƿŷҹУ񲻹ǰħ֮ϸѣ˸֮䣬ħ֮Ѿ
ԭڴĦϵĳֻһԵɫмĳ򣬿ȥʹ˿ħûϵ
Գȥˡŷҹ֮䣬ѾѴĦ˦˳ȥ
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Ħһͷײڽ֮ϣֱ˻
˼ȥˡŷҹæǰһѴĦץ˳ȥԼֻص
ĦŷҹһŷҹǹġôöԷô
ţʵϣʧȥħ֮ŷҹҪɱ͸ɱЩĸ߼ħһֻһ˸ʱͿˣǰħ֮Ȼûٳ֣ҲǶرԴˣȻĻҲ鷳һΡ
ԣΪʲôôã
ǴĦ˲ˣŷҹΪõħ֮ԾͶԴˣǶԷĿľҪһ˷ħ죬ħ忴ħַ³
ɱɱҪȡͶȡħûκεķ֮Ƕм˼ҪħĴ
Щ߼ħԴڿԼ֮Ҳ߲ɵɲħӦеİ
һǰƣ飬϶Ӱ죬ڰǻƸһ󲿷֡
ߣǽƻݶħȴöˡ
Ħ㾹Ȼ˰ħ֮ǿʱһĦһɵĸ߼ħ壬ҲƬռĦĿ˳Цħ֮һֻԣħ˰ֱ͸һԣ㾹ȻôͶˣ˹Ŀ࿴
Ħ㲻䳰ȷȻԼħ֮˵˳ѵͲٰħ֮Ҳ𣿡ĦЦš
˳ƣȴһԲ۲۵ͷ
𣿡ĦЦԼʮ߼ħʵĦȻҵħ֮Ҳһ𶪵ΪҸһ𣿡
ĸ߼ħȻĦ£һóЦĿ⿴ĦֻǱĦһڣȻĦһȥֻĿȥˡ
ಡ
Ҳ֪һ磬ħǴ˿̶ŴĦҲûȥע⵽ЩΪû˭¹ǡ
ֻһ˲䣬ڴĦ߶һˣȥһᣬһɣֻǴӷ˾Ȼߡ
߳磿ǽѾƻ
˵һͷ漴뵽Ħ֮ǰͱ˰ħ֮ˣЩ߲ܳĻħ֮ôᱻأ
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ôģֻҪҪһʱɱɲĦһԼ¶͵ҪԷħ֮
ҪɱңôףŷҹЦƾʵվǴɱҡ
еĸ߼ħ϶Щһŷҹȥ
Ȼһ£ŷҹɢˣǱɢˣһһڱһſҡ
漴Щ˾ͷ֣ɢĲŷҹһѡ
ɷѾȻΪһϾֹͣʱҶɢŶͬĹ
ǺǣЩħ̫˼ˣңȴרԼͬ幥ô˼ɣһܳŵסҾҹɡŷҹ޳˵
Ħħ֮ڿлһɫĹУ˲͵ŷҹߣһڷѪĹӺݺݴŷҹĺ
ŷҹҲľվﲻ˲ͷȻҲЩǱȥˡ


538 ħ֮
ôħ֮ûһĶħ֮ѾҴˣԼжһԣҲ˼ó԰ڣŷҹ
ߣħħ֮¼еķֻĳЩ̫Żħ֮õھ㿴ħ֮Ħ˿ʾһ˸ֳ֮˹
Ѿħ֮ӵ˼ޣȥһâʱʱ֣ͷֲһռķλƮǰŷҹƵġ
ۿŷҹֻмһ£ʣµʱǱĦƵʮǱ
СıġĦȻĦͣҲϣħ嶼һ˸ˡ
ıĦЦˣռžԵϷ磬ıôֻĦֱŻħ֮ھԵʵǰıͲֵһᣡ
ĦˣΪ֪ôԷҲĻԼ˵̫ˣᱻΪԼʧܿѡ
Ҳ˵ֻǿŷҹһľٶţŷҹûôױƵ޴ģ֮ǰһҲΪŷҹǵ˾ͷǾǹͷһ˲練ħ֮䵽ƿ֮УŷҹһѲҲδؾץħ֮Ĺ켣
ǲô˵˾ˣΪԼʧҽڣŷҹӮһΣһҲֶͬڶԸĦڵĴĦǵԼһԼʵԷǸνıأ
ǷˣԼţǸԼһħ֮
ŷҹ𣿿ǵģǶһ㣬ŷҹǿʱԽģҲ˵ԼмܲסʱֻҪԽռ磬κ˶һ취ûУûôֻ֤һ㣬ڻмܲסʱ̡
ǱֵǱҲһּΪԻϵļ
ǳԹһĿԼţ˿԰Ǳô񣬵ǱģȴԼЩΪҪʤˡ
ĦȻţΪŷҹһƽҪ°æһ˾Ϳ԰Ѳļһ㶨ˡ
ô˵Ħ¶ûɱˣһ˾ɱÿҪˣʵǰǲ£һȴԼռϷ磬ôһǸ˵Ҫˡ
ڴĦ˵ĻǲҪж϶ѣŲ

ŷҹ֧Ųסˣԥط˴Խ֮ˣ
Ħʱյ÷ǳ֮ֻǧһ֮䣬ŷҹĴԽˣȻûгɹضռǱǶ֮ĹӸˡ
Ȼֻ˽ϣŷҹȴҵõɳȥ
ô£Ħˣŷҹôɣ
ǡĦߵţ֮ǰԼԿʱõ̫ʵڻûлָĦռ˱ˡ
뵽ֿܣĦޣʵˣȰŷҹٰܵ˴ĦС
ħҲлĻһʹԼ֮ǰûп
Ŀŷҹȥ뿴һôɱģǡ
ԣĦ˲жϳⲻҪɱĽ࣬ı֮ǰԸԼʱֻһᱻе̬һΣøӳףױˡ
ǻˣȴûˣֻôĦСһЩ
ǸĦԼѣ濴û⣬ʵϣĹԼҪСĺܶ࣬ǱںǷǳСĵ̽ŷҹ
ǹڸոһеʱ򣬴ĦѾȫˣŷҹҪֵʱ
ûĦŷҹ̾Ϳʼˣš
һ̫ˣѾĦ˵ȴҪϵŷҹ˵ͷֻһͻȻŻӿ¡
ĦϵˣĹѾӰζ֮Ѿ֮ǰСĽǳ˽ȡɱ⡣
ٿŷҹأڴЩԭΧħ֮䣬һǵĳ֣ԼűôĦȥֱӹ
˶˺󣬲Ҫǰһ˰СС߸նɱˡĦƵ߲ѣ̾Լ˿֮󣬺ŷҹĿռ䡣
еħ嶼ˣħ忪ʼ֮󣬾Ǳĺŷҹ˵Ļɱ֮£ЩǸ߼ǵͼħ嶼û˹һȴˣһжΪ˻ɱŷҹ
Ħ۽ǲҲŷҹıĿ֮һҲôĦЩħ嶼ͣһ߽ƣҲʱ䡣
ǲǣѾĿˡ
еħ嶼˵֮⣬ŴĦŷҹ֮ľ
˵ѾЩǡˣΪŷҹڱ׷Ŵģһһ߶ս
ǱսŷҹѾѾԽԽǱȥѡˡ
Сý硭Ħй֮ǰľ飬ȻǴš
Ϊû뵽𣿡Ħ˿⣬ǹƸ͡
Ҳ뵽ŷҹǿýѵģһδŷҹԽռǰԼŷǷģһԽ֮ǰϣǰӻؽ磬ûܣûпˡ
Ħ˵ԽսԽ£оԼϹŵħһ˳սڱ˵һŷҹʮŷҹһҲһѶԷˡ
òõǹӣⲻҪ
ڵĹжŷҹۿŷҹǽ磬һ˸ͿԽ֮УĦûȥɣǸӼӿ˹ƣĽ֮£ŷҹҲûпȥʩչԽطˡ

ŷҹˣĦȴûгɹϣΪֻһ㣬ֻĹһ˲ķΧ
һȴĽ֮ϡ
䡭
һӵķ֮ǰҪǿңΪĦʱŲٵħڹŽ磬ԵʱķҲСһЩڣֻдĦһˡ
еϣƺû뵽һ㣬ԤǣһŷҹҲûеطȥˣһ֮󣬶Էײ˽֮ϣԽֻܱٷײԼͿټӹлһҪ
һеƶûϣûУԼ޴ķ֮˵ˡ
ֻһûиоΣգĦ²һ̵Ѿ֮ǰʤľˣһֱΪŷҹиûκη̵Ļᣬһȴŷҹ᲻һӵĻ͹һˡ
һ̣ŷҹȻûӣϲ̾ŵ֮
뷨ֻǳһ˲䣬һ̵ʱŷҹѾ
ֻĦôŹħ֮Ҳȫһ˸ŷҹߡ
ĹûпʼͿŷҹһײħ֮ץȥ
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ħ֮Ȼôץ˶Է򵥵þͺǴĦԼħ֮һ


539 
ħ֮ܵһ˲䣬Ħʶ˲ףһΣգ뵽˴Ħ֮ǰѣգյ˼㣬̵ˣѾˡ
ħ֮ģõȴ谭ҪӣֻԼħ֮
ֶ֮
ꡭ
ڴĦûа취ϵʱ򣬾֮һ̶ƿ֮Ϯ
ǹһǹĦûеŷҹȥһǸĦͣͬΪħ壬ȴûа취ŶԷȥ˺Լͬ塣
һ̣
ǴĦԼеʶ֮ȼһ
Ϊ˾ȴĦҲΪԼĻᣬʧȥħ֮ʧν󣬵ͨһŷҹɱȻһͣԶԶڹ
ʧ֮ħ壬ħ֮ҲʧħҲ㹻ĽֲʧΪһŷҹļֵԶԶħ֮Щħķ
պǲһϸСУССоͺǵһգһϸߵĿռ䶼ţţһŷҹȥ
ۿһŷҹѾûеطɶˣŷҹƺҲǾˣû뵽ʱ򣬴Ħ°ܽᷢһһȻܾ춯أɥǹ¡
ħ˵߸޳ȼǲƺģ޴ۣ֮ǹֻ֮ҪĶһɻңն⡣
󼸹ֵľʱŷҹˣֻһ΢Сĵ̧֣ץħ̧֮󷨱Ҫײһ
ħ֮ҲǲķǱһ̻УƱҲܲСˣŷҹƺĶֻһ̶ֳȵ赲
Ѿ㹻ˣħ֮赲Բħ֮ȴܱܿһ̻
̶ֳ֮󣬴ĦͲӦ˼ɵģһȴǹ˼ˡ
ŷҹˣ϶ڵһʱ䴫ͻؽı֮УԼأһǹûҪŷҹȻ˴Ħȴħ֮ˣ᲻ᱻħΪǶԴĦı
Լħ֮ŷҹˣԾҲôĦӵУ⿴˵ĺ
ĦĵжѾãʱ˻ɣɻܵĳͷڸսȴڲսˡ
ĦһԥˣѾʶظı䣬ıԼµķһǹ˿մҲѾﵽЧŷҹټŴĦҲԼĿꡣ
ûУŷҹ֪ҪĿһմʱһǹȴȻǴĦħ֮Ӵ
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û谭ģǹѾ˽ȥ͵ħʱĦڡ

ĦȻһʲôǱһ־ԲߵɱģֻħˣҲ˵ǴĦһǹ
ûѾһǹĺħ֮ħ֮һǹ˺ϵ
ĦлİæҶѾûзħ֮ˣĻһֻܷŷҹЦһץħ֮Ѿ˸˽֮С
ŷҹĦ޲ܰˡ
ԭĵľŷҹصȥȷǻˣһǴħ֮ˡ
ĦһͷԼĶͷĦȥ
֪ŷҹҲǹҲʵûдĦһǹҲôħ֮ˡ
ֻ֪ŷҹһĶǴĦһǹҲǻħ֮ƻˣһġ
һһĵطڣŷҹһħ֮ԭӣĦħ֮ƻŷҹȴʲôҲò
ǶڴĦ˵һжһģŷҹĿĴˣôĦ֮϶һˣħʿһ֮ĳս֮϶
λ͵ĶŷҹˣǶлǣھãǡŷҹ˿Ҫɹ׵ļһˣڵʱȥɣҲ׷ǣ֮ⷨߣǿɾͲˣɣⷨϣҪȻһҶͬ⣬Ҳûа취ˡ
ĦҪ嵽ȥɱһսҲȱҪǿöࡣ
ĦȴûУ֪ŷҹʵ̫Σˡ
ŷҹĿѾﵽˣħȷ棬ǳɹطĿѾӰħʿ
ڻߣѾŷҹĿĵˣܿıɱ
ŷҹڣ͵ģһӱֻĦ˵һ䣬ȻͷҲصطжȥ
ԼʵŷҹĶ֣ŷҹûдԽȻҲǶ֡
ĦأԼǲ֮䣬ԼǶ֣ôŷҹĶ֣֮ǰһ·ʤŷҹȵúǱǲŷҹµĻ
ȥǱˣŷҹһ½Ƕû˵ħȷ棬ȴǰķħ֮ʧˣ˵Ǳ
ĦǺڣĻ㻹ǻʧģһħַ֮ĻӭҡŷҹЦ
Ҳن£Ǽƶħ֮һӵ˻ƶ
һ̽磬ҿħĴҪˣЩȷѣħͲô׶Ըˡŷҹ˵ţѾʼħ֮
ҲǿĿɿڴŷҹˣ̫ǿˣԽȥԵħֶ֣֮ǿȲ˵͹ǸոնսʱƣͲġ
䵽Լϡ
뵽ʱ϶˿˿ĺ⡣
ǶŷҹķԸһ𹮹Ž磬Ȼ⹤ܰ׳գȴõķֶΡ
ˣǸĦȴǱҪ
ʲôô׶Ըڿô׶Ըˣ
뿴֮ȻȥŷҹƵúӮĵȷŷҹһӮúܳףʱ䶼ûл̫á
Լˣһ棬ǴĦһҲô׳գΪԼֻǴѡΪʲô⣿һ˶ԷȦ
һˣôܶԲȦףԾǴ⣬ҲһǶԷʵ֡
ĦʶôһֱΪԼĴֻ˶ԷƣûЩƵĻʵϣһʤԷһǲʤҲٲôҡ
ħȫ磡Ħݵ
ҪѰˣţŽ类ƵʱְԼħ֮ûͬĦһħ֮Ҳġ
ܰħ֮ԣʵ
뵽ֱǶļȥҲںڵĹâ


540 ֮
ߣһӡҪѹңƷǰ̫ˣҾ㿴ʲôҽŵ⣡ŷҹ𣬿ǵҪѹȴ޾ƵķӡȻ˿ûܵ˼ҪӭѶϡ
Ϊһ̣ȻǲԽΪУԼΪķһ
ֻһʵŷҹĽһںϡ
ŷҹŷҹǽ˿̵Ľ⣬Ѿߴһͨ޽γɣǰѽͨҲںΪ֮С
ŷҹҲڹ۲Էӡʱ򣬵õһʾ
֮
һӡתţƺֻأԶͣЪҲԶ仯ӡ֮µˣǱӡֻܹԹԳҲûеڶѡ
ͨ˿ǵӡʱĸоŷҹȴһһۿѹӡʱѾãž޴¡
һͨ򷨣еĵƣ࣬ǿ໥ԼĹ֮еġ
ŷҹԼѹǰһ̣㽣⣬ԼĹ֮Уֵֵѹⲻò˵һ󵨵ľٶһɾͳ˶Էµˡ
ǲ粻ոպþһ̣ŷҹԼȻһն˵ˣ˭Ҳܷȷǳɹˡ
Ҿû˭֪һûбİ취㿪һѹأ
ⲻͬķƥ˸δ⾳֮УŹӵ֮⡣
ǲ㣬ֻ֮в֪
ںǾ֮еķӡһһҪԶѶԷѹȥһҪһУޱߵء
֮ƺ޵УһײϣȴϢһж绹ûеһ̡
ӡ;޽΢΢ţڼ΢Ŀ֮֮⣬Ҳûˡ
㣿ɣ߾Ȼ˭Ҳκβ˭
ǶһۿŷҹҲɣȴصţôȥҲ֪ʲôʱܽ
̶ֳȵĽڻƶûа취æģ˵ȻҲǰ벽ɣڷ֮ԶԶŷҹǸƷ磬ǲΪ̫ΪȥҪĻҪڷ֮¹С
ûжٽݾߣΨһܵĽݾǴȥշҲʿ֮У̺ҲһչⲢһ׵顣
ŷҹķ֮󲿷̫˵ļ䴫УҲһֵõ֮ĽݾȻݵĲǷ򣬵ȴԼõĸͷͨķʽŷҹĿо
һֻҪŷҹ̫ܷܺȥѧϰַ֮ˡ
ŷҹʱҲ˼䴫Уֻһ׹Լȥʱ޻ŷҹҪһ֣ѶȾвƱһˡ
ǼҲҸģΪҪɢˣŻԼļ˸򣬴󲿷ֶݸˣһ˶ѭ򽥽ķӴԼĹΪԼļˣҪðżˡ
̫ҲǼ㹻ЩѿһҪݼ䣬ܿܰԼļ䶼ʧˣҲŷҹԼļ䴫ݸǵԭ
ŷҹ벻ܴһ֮⣬Ҫ࿹СϷǲܾġƷ翴ŶԷ֮ȴеЦѹؽ
һ֮£ƺһڤڤ֮ӳֵӡ֮УӡȻһζƺǴŲ赲һĥһ·顣
꿦ꡭ
ı޴תŵӡš
ŷҹȴһţ㻹û⣬ͨؽڴӡܹԶתȥΪԼ˻ɣ㣬Ҫκε㣬ʲôα㣬ôĽ⣿
ŷҹ˵Ļʲôûе֮ĽâȷڱţһģӡѹŷҹķƺǲѹĲһ
˵ЩʲôֻĽʵģΣֻرѹûг·ֺЩƷһЦҲ˵ʲôˡ
ֻҵ֮ˣȴ飬𣿡ŷҹҲǵȻЦ
ţ仰ŷҹĽâȥ
Ľâȷˣѵ˲䣬Ҿͺǿһոµٴ˳ֻĴСǱǰСһЩ˵СˣǱոˡ
㣬̬ȻѽƱˣϢȴ˿ûиı䣬Ȼ˸ĹâȻɵ⣡
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ԼȻͲһֱʹˣⲻǽѣҪʹãֻǱ֮ɡ
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Ƶ磬һӡʱȴкһƵһûһӦȻõģûеĻֻ֤Ѿˡ
ò˵Ƶĵ⻹ںϽħ򣬾ͻҲٴ󣬶Ƶڴ֮лĻҲ󣬵Ѿˡ
ֻһ̽ѣܲܣǺĽ
⣬ȻӦš
Ƶ绹ţһӾ;ȫȥǵںϣҪһ»ָһ̣ŷҹٴҲҪ൱Ĵ۲ӵõ
ǵǵŵں϶ȥʱȴֶԷĵâȻǰһûзӦûγںϵķӡ
ô£˶ǾţǵķȴѾ̽˹ȥ
ӡǵѾŷӡֻЩһЩŤӣȥǱŷҹţӡһ
ѾĪģƵţǵȻԸһʦܡ
˵ķӡţƵɹл۷ӡ˵ŬţҶʱڲᱻŷҹɱˣţֻҪһѷӡ۳ɹ֮ȫŷҹǿҲҪˡ
֮ŷҹֻҪעһЩҲܹѶԷɱɣɱŻƶӵˣһεĴսҲǿຣʤˡ
ŵǿຣŵҲȥ˭Ҳûзǵ˵ҪһȥսֻҪʤˣǿûȥصġ
˸˸޷רע۵һ𣬲֮󣬵ӡľȴ˲١
̡
һӱüеķӡȻȴǸħϵķӡһɱĽâ
âãһ˶ǷӦѾˣһâʱѾᴩӡǱûбķӡȻ֮ǿҵ𶯣Ȼը
ħһַһ̺Ȼѿ޴ĳΧຣŵӣƷѪ
һлûƽϢʱ򣬾ͿŷҹһƵӰ
ǸӰ֮ǰһֱƵ磬ŷҹһֱûɱҪĵ⣬ħȴֲǵһԼǿѹһ̣ýâƵĵâһٰħƵ
ʱƵҲûб;ŷҹ˦־Ͷ˻ƶ֮С
ƵķΪƷѧҪһЩʵĸ֮У׵ķӻһЩʵĻǸƷȴռϷ硣ҲΪʲôຣŻƷһǰûѡеκһ˵ԭ
Ʒһ˶ŷҹһ൱ֻһеϣȴǱŷҹǵĴƳӣʵԼ벻ˡ
ŷҹ˼·ҲǶô£ԼʵñΪԼҪˣƵӼ꣬̾ͳȥҪס˶ԷıеһУǴһ̿ʼƵ綪˷ʼġ
û˷ʩչƷ磬ħ֮УҲһĻڣ̶ֳ֮£ٷһͼüȥĨɱŷҹ
ˣʱǣҲħģûгɹҲڱŷҹƵ̫ңɾΪһȱݣŷҹյˣٽʹ˼ıֱ̾޽һ
ֱһ̣Լ˲ƵӳƵ֮ս
ʵһ̣ŷҹӦþѾ춨ʤֻ֣ûаհƵɱֻȫŶԷγɷӡһȴǰӪһɱƣɹˡ
ƵҲΪԼӵóȥʱŷҹȻһƵȫȥȻһٲٿŽâδںϵķ֮䣬һͻҪںϵķûںϣΪ˱˴֮ɱ֡
һеʼٸߣȴȻؿһУϾذƵ統ǵӵ˻ƶɼǶĳ谡
ŷҹҿຣŽոƴˣƷŭų˹ȥ־նľС
ĿǴ˿ȴһƷ磬֪ƷһܵŷҹĻ֮ǰͲٻǰˡ
ҲǱƵǲòսҪߣŷҹҲӦߵĿյ˵֮в֪һԷ
ֻҪµģ϶·һԻһսŷҹոҲ˾޴ķһٰȥʡбĻ
ŷҹܱˣ֮ǰһУƵ磬Ҳûаװˡ
뵽һն֮ʱѾһյ֮ȴʱҪŷҹһ͵Ϯ
ǻһĳ֮һĺŷҹȥȻû֮ǰǿຣľ޴󣬵ȴǱຣҪֱӵöࡣ
ຣ
ڷնµʱƷһٻޱߵĿຣƣҪµ£ӡŷҹ޴ӡ
ޱߵĿຣ֮ϣκˣ֮һնյľŷҹնͬʱһսĺһһŷҹ˹ȥһУǽǱԶƵຣ֮ףٱնľзֳˡ
⻹㣬ǸڰףҲһĸ󻼡
ˣ˲䲼µƣոħ󣬶ԶԸ


545 ֮
Ϊ⼸˲ŻøӲһǿĻŷҹ˵ܱǸˡ
˵ףȻҪΪƵðʧƷ׵˵ԥͶŷҹĹҲһЩá
ĻǵʵαһЩķȥĥԷǹֵӣŷҹ˿ɳ֮ӣʵ˵ˣЩηԷʵ
ŵͷһ棬ƷԷĽҲһ棬涼ǳ˴Ǿŷҹô׶ԸģҪԸһҪܡ
Ȿûʲôŷҹʱֻܣȥ㣬ǸĻʱȥ壬£ֱӳȥøã
˶ʶһȫʩչҪŷҹһɱǲϧҪķԼһЩԴҲҪ־ȴǱ֮ǰҪǿöࡣ
ڲ֪ȫƴ𣿿ϧЩˣǻƴҲᣡŷҹһȫٴαǡ
۷ڴӻƶѾ˰벽ɵĸ߶ȣٽһҪ׽٣ɽٳɾˣŷҹΪ˼Ų԰ûȥ
һ̣Ҳ˼ɲô࣬ٲԼҪ֮£һһҲûа취Ĵˡ
֮ʱŷҹҲתǿĽ֮ԼΪڸס׽һ
ĻҪΪһﻹ褣ѩĪҲûϢˣ˭չǣ
ǲǸԼû֮ǰһ⼸Ů̫ΣյĴڣܷǲܡ
ŷҹ㲻ҪŮӦѩĪɣʱƷͻȻؿڵ
ŷҹȻһ֪
Һֹ֪һʼǿຣžѾ㵽ˣŮ˻ΪŵĹؼѾ͵ɽ֮У벻ɣǣȥɽɣƷ˵Ѿն⼸仰ŷҹĵģûлˣɽ׽ٲôù⽣ŵӣǹ׽֮ҲиĽڵ㣬еˣվǲùġ
ҵҪ㲻ùҲùŷҹͻȻ֮޵Ȼһ֣ķжץ
һֻҲûͣ٣һᣬǵ޴ĺ̾طţҲӲġ
ôƷ󾪡
ǡ֮ҲǾȵûʧɫ
ֻ֮ɾܹʩչģŷҹΪʲôܴﵽôǿûжɹ׽ٰ
Ƕɹ׽٣ҲӦ̾ͷŶԣôܻţ̫ˣ
ף㻹ţΪ㻹κεĻ𣿡ŷҹƵкһָա
̾ƿһ׶׵Ҳֳû˵ѾһָüģһѪðѪ
ŷҹջָֻƷ꿴ȥôڿԸһЩѩĪϢ𣿡
㡭㡭ƷͷҪȴԶԷһ취ҲûС
ʱŷҹѾǲһΣٸӲƴĻʵ
Ŀת˼ת֮һۣͬʱһơϴεٻһεȴһ͵ơ
һ֮ܶǺһȦȦΰǵΧ
ŷҹ㲻Ҫ⣬ҿຣſɲֻһʵԶ󲻵ǵʵжΪɱʦֺƵʦܣֻҪڻһ˿ຣŵǰܣܰǸ㣬綼ǵĽ֮ꡣƷ޺޵ش
Ҫߣ˵仰ɣŷҹȴ˵
һ죬ֱۺһȻһץܵĹâٴΰƷץ˻
ǸҲûʲôֻŷҹһָ̾׽˻ƶ
Ҳû̾Ʒ粻˵Ļʱ򻹿Դ֪һЩԼ֪Ϣ
Ʒû뵽ֵزŷҹܰԼѾﵽɵܣôܣ
͸оŷҹǰ벽ɵΪ׽ٶһأôɵʵأ
㲻ÿңֻҪ֪ǰѩĪôˣŷҹʵ
ûаôֻǻΪĻһͨһطǴ͵ɽ֮СƷ۾գգ˵
Ŷڻֱɽͨܰ߶ǵķˣ͵ɽȥŷҹȵ
ʲô֣Ϊɽ֮Уֻɾϵǿɽ֮ҲͨߣҲǴӷʼֻɽ֮е粻ͬЩ˵һͲȫΪˣҲһɽ֮棬ֻҪźõʣɽ֮УٶȾͻһǧƷòưԼ֪Ķ˵˳
Ǻǣô˵һҪǸлˣŷҹ˵
ǵˣǿຣҲǣΪҲǶԸ㣬ǽţʵ̫ѶԸһЩǳֶΣǲܵģ˵ɽ֮󣬻ܵʲôͷҲδ֪ġƷԳһϧ״
ˣǵɽܵͷĻֻǺܿû˰ɣŷҹʵۿ˷ɽ磿
ȻƷĵصŷҹȰ㻹ǸҿຣЭʣֻҪ˽ţŮӶᰲȻӦöİ֮˰ɣ͸ΪһЩҪ֪˼£ɣΪ˽һͷʧȥԼİ֮ˣŮ˶ˣٸߵΪҲһĪź
˵öԣԼŮ˶˵Ļǵȷǰװˡŷҹ̾Ϣ
ԡƷҪ˵ȴŷҹˡ
ȻҪΪѾûôˡŷҹЦɱ㣬ȥຣ˵ҪͶຣţԸѽŵķ˵ǻô᲻Ϊ㣬ܣ
ǻȽķȻɱ㣡ƷɫѿΪһҲ޷֤
ŷҹİѽķȥİŮˣǾ֤ǿԱຣƿصģƿŷҹ㣬ΪຣŵӣǱԼĸʦֵܼһ𣬶Ҫǿ
£˵ຣŻɱŷҹ
뵽ŷҹô벻ŷҹ֪ˣһܳΪຣĵ֮һ
Ҫ֪ѾΪֻҪԸ⣬ֶƿշɽˡ
žɣһǿƿصģֺ¶ȥȥ
Ȼ֪ƭң˵ʵѩĪȥŷҹٴʵҪƭңҲǷˣҲߣ


546 ħ۽
Ʒ֪ԭŷҹһʼ̽Էû˵ĻôʵĻҲţԼ֪һЩϢһλشûǾԼĩˡ
ǵȷǷɽ磬ûۿֻڳ˵ġƷѸٰԼ֪˵ҪһһûеĻѻô֮伸ǲܵģŷҹôһɱ̧֮ͿҪҪȥ֤ʵʲôֻҪòţͿ˲ȥ꣬ҿຣ͵ģһ磬̾ܵһɽĸ٣յɽ֮ȥ
ʲôŷҹľˣû˵ɽȥ˵ģ˵ǽ֮ǽǿຣŵ֮ڣһ־ͱɽ٣յɽȥ
ǵģҲڳ㣬Ӧǲ˵˶׽֮УҸŵйأԲŻᱻɽ֮СƷ˵ǴӶûмʦֺǿǷľ
˵ѾɱǰгҲ˵ԷǿûУŷҹһ׽絽ͨҲ˼飬ǴûпǵţֵӵĻѻƭ˭
ûƭ㡣Ʒǿˣ׽絽ͨһλĴͣĴ͵㣬Ǵ絽׽磬ȴֻڣҲ׽صɣԴ׽ﴫ͹ǿкܶĳֵص㣬мıһʹ˹Ҳܼ컹ͨ궼⡣
ŷҹɻһ£Ҳǳ˶Է˵ĻԼһεĴУ˲ٵʱ䣬һΣǳˡ
Ҳܾʹ˾ȫƷ磬ΪǷɽ֮Уûеطȥ֤
ŷҹ֮ͰƷӡְҲ
֪ѩĪŮӵ֣ŷҹʵ
˵׽һ磬ͱٽɽŮӰɣ굹ǱƷҪʹö࣬ҵȻ֪ûۿǵķֻ˵ǸйأǸйأ
Ǻǣӣҽ¹䣬ǵȴ治֪˭˭ŷҹЦ
ǿຣŵǾǾҪ֪һЩŮӵϢǲˣҲ֪ࡣҲǸɴŮӣ̾ͻӦ˵ȻΪŵйأŸٽɽ磬ǿ϶ʲôõĽɽڽſǺִܵģǸйأ˵ɽ֮󣬾ͻᱻնɱˡ
ŶִŻԭ˵ǽŵӴûнɽ磬ΪʲôɽҲݽţŷҹЩ⣬ȴûоöԷ˵Ǽٻ
ôôɵƺˣΪŷҹ̫ƻǼ˲Ż˶ԷϣȴڳЦԷɵɽǽţôǿຣרŵǽôꣿ
ʲôΪ˽ŶڣŷҹӾˡ
ǺǣŵĵǿԼĵ˭֪ҡͷʲôֵģǿຣŵĵӣÿһ֮ʱҪɱΪΣҪ֪ຣڱȽǧ꣬ǧ꣬ΪҪȴŽŵĵ
ΪҪɱţŷҹʡ
ǽűɽɣȴһɡ֧֧˵
ŷҹ治֪ЩȻǰҲ֪̫࣬Ҳûжȥ
ɽ磬⵹һҪϢǽż̫ˣҲûи˵飬ţֻĲ͸ɽǧ˿Ƶϵֻɽ֮еʲôڣǻҪպ֪ˡ
֮䣬Ҳӵ˻ƶȥڻȷǣĪѩǵɽȥˣ£ҲҪȥ֮ǰҪȥҲϡ
ҵѩ֮ȥ褣ҲѾ¶һҪϢ¶Ļǲ֪Ҫ褵鷳ˡ
ҪʱͻȻ͸оĽһһζžһ졣
䡭
ıը֮Уħ嶼յľͷӿĽ磬ȻƵˡ
֮ǰʮħ嶼ûƵ˵磬ȻôһӾͱƵˣ
ڽ֮ڣڹŽǣ󲿷˶Ϊ֮ⷴҲ˲ˣֻһٲֿŲܼʱŶһ١
䡭
˵ջţִ𺳵Ļζһ޴ĺӰȽȽ𣬺һ֮ǰħͷո¶צ
ǵ㿴ʱ־ⲻһ˶ѣһһģûκ覴õӢˡ
һڹףþӢ䲻ϵһ̾Ϣơ
ħۣȻǳħۣ
ħҪ̤ƽĽడ
߶ѾܵˣǸǿħ壬һħۣǿɼǿߣһûж֣
ǲֵܳģħҲҪɽĹ򣬲ǿһֱһ
ڣƫƫˣ˶ֻǵ۾࿴
ŷҹħ۴ңԶǿտȴǵŷҹһǸɱħСӣ
ħۣҲˣܰҲǲǴžǿڸ⼸ຣŵӴսԲһֱڲųɣһ̫߿ˡŷҹ˵
ħҲΪ⣬Ǽм˵ɱħ·һڱ۸һ·ҳΪ̤ʵūͣһ֣㻹ţҿΪһħ壬ָɣΣ۵ūͣҲһϵҫ
ǿЦҾҪڼҪһǿϧһеģû˵İã㻹ǹɣŷҹЦ
ѾʧȥĻᣬۻħǧǧ飬ĳͷ׹޵׵Ԩ֮УʹϮţҲýѡħ߶š
ˣأûйŷҹһȥ
һǴڿУǽȴһûˣҶֵʱңԶ֮Уλħ۴˵ĸǰȴͻȻһðһؽ
ħҲһ£ָһָǰͨ

ָͽײ˭Ҳûռ˭ıһ
ŷҹսʱħ۵ָȴһɫѪҺ
㾹ȻңħЩ˼ؿŷҹ㾹ȻѾɾ
ΪֻܳһҽҲһħ̤һŷҹȻ
ά磬һϣŷҹڶһģôݽţվѾô̵ɱͨˡ
ŷҹҲǲݽţǽž뿪ɣŵΣ˵ҲѾˡ


547 ɱ
ΪɱЩħŹˣֹѾʧˣȻһҲȻǽʤˡ
ŷҹԸЩνħǾͲͬˣһ֮󣬱ȻǴɱ¾ʼߣͨ˶òˡ
һ磬ϾǽŷԴĵطŷҹҲԸˣ˵ﻹַ棬ŷҹħ̤
һУܿɣЩڶСɣЩϹŶ̷Ҳֻܽɽ֮Уûа취Ϊսģֻһˡ
ֻҲɲˣΪֻһħ𣿿ɣһ磬ħأɽҲ赲ãħ˵֮䣬ӰħۣҲɵΪ
ŷҹҲǴüͷôܣ֮ħ۳֣ɽ羹ȻӶ
Ļħ岻֪Ͱ˶ˡ
ŷҹ㻹ãǵĶ𣿡ħЦſŷҹ
˵ͬʱѾ֣ޱߵħƣλħ۾ȻҪһ֣ŷҹһٷӡɱˡ
λɾ˳ֱ֣Ǿ춯أ֮ĶȻҲɽע
ŷҹףҲȥˣֻǳɽϣһǻƶȥһΣҪ
䡭
ɽ׷ٴŷҹ׷֮ħ۵ħ
һУֻҪãöٴζӶࡣ
ħ˿Ϊ裬ȴǼǿ֣Ҫ׷ԼԵ֮ǰŷҹֻҪŷҹЩħٻȥҲǵˡ
û׷֮ʱͻȻйɱ׷ǿ
ŵӣͻɽ磬ɣ
ͻأǳħ壬Ƕŷҹġ
һβ׷֮һӰ˵ɽɶ½磬һЩɽܣȴܰԼķͶӰ
ǸڵĴϣܰԼķͶӰ׽һɽķȻǲֻͬ񾳵ķ
Ӱһ̾ŷҹնɱȥ
ߣЩɽ类֮ˣŷҹǽŵӲȴһĶά飬ȻΪˣȴһڳֻΪɱңȴȥħħۣǵĺ˰ŷҹŭ
ƶ֮УĹӰ֮дεţ˭Ҳܵס
ħЩĿ궼ŷҹֻŷҹһ֮ħɱײһ
޴ıըһҡҡ׹һ㣬߶ٵ뿪طηĵͼħ嶼ѾսʵڲЩ˿Դĵط
ŷҹŻƶֻ֮䣬ҲԼĽ֮һնɱħ壬һ߶ȥҲԼĽк˷֮ϣǵ
Ϊŷҹ֪һʤҪģǰԼնɱ
ñߣôôһⶼ˵Ľɫأ
ǲô˭ҪɱͲܹˡ
ЩȻǿ󣬵ֻһͶķѣ̫ϣҲͨɵΪˡ
֮䣬ѾǼ˷һ󲿷֡
øŷҹ㾹Ȼħҷ񼫣ˡ˵ķŭš
ǸҪŭŷҹһ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵġ
ոɱħ壬ɱңôͲ˵ˣֻǼ£ûôأ̵ˣ
ˡͲˡɣ˭ϡˡ
һʱŷҹԼĽ֮ܿչ˵˵ķϣҲȥЩħˡ
ħҲɽȲϣɽ绹ŲٳԱ˳ŵģû¶ɵ˵ģʱ⼸ɱ˵м
ŷҹѾ御ˣɽ粻飬Ҳûа취ʱʵڲУֻˣ˸ħȥսȥԼ·˵
磬زסԼͲˣҲɽΣ磬ȻҪɱֲҪί
һӵıǱ߹ȻҲˣ̸ӷŭҲ֪ŷҹǵܴõģҪɱǲ̫ܣҪٻĽɫС
ɱ˳ְɣŵʵ̫ɣȻħħ۵Ĺǣһ˷˵
ֻɱ˵ķܰˣȻһ٣һξͲ֪ʲôʱҵˡһ˷Ҳ˵
ߣʲôɱˣɱ˵ģǼɣֻǼѣҲںҵĻƶɰɣŷҹͻȻ֮Ƿıƶתһڡ̵һ˷
ף˵ķȻǿ󣬾ȻҲ൱һƷķƶˣһŷҹϲ
˷̺ȻҲ٣һһ˿ɵԼҲ൱İǸһЩʱ䣬úòĻܴЩɵԼķ
䡭
Ȼ֮䣬ɽǱһһһֻŷҹץ
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ŷҹһƶħ֮󣬾ǸҲûʲô취Ǹղһ̣Ȼо˿˿˿ճжҪܵˣǸ߼˳ˡ
ŪͲݰ
ŷҹҲһʱݣƶȼ֮ǰħ׵֮ûƷҲˡ
ǸŮӿȥҲûôᣬǱϾҲҪ׷ɱģ˵ģЩຣŵӣžͱ̵ȫҪΪеͷֹǸĲ˵ģУȻʱǵȻѡԷˡ
ӴȻħӿһ㣬ֻ޴ȥ
ǴӻƶĻ˾޴󣬵һֵֻĸǰȴͺȻС˶ԷʱȻֻʣ˸ӫһĹâˡ
ӫ֮⣬ˡ
ŷҹľȴһû٣⾹ȻûзһأȻ֪޹ǾͲҪȥ˷ЩЩһӶŷҹڣϵΪ
ҪΪɾҪһ¥ΪֵֻһĽɫԷֻһ֣ܰƵǶԷֱͷַŪĽˡ
Ҳɽ࿹⣬ǲֻ֮Լ֮
Ǹɱ˵ɣĻһ޴һ㣬ݺŷҹؿϣ۵һѪ
ЩħҲǴʧɫ׷ңԶּǿߣǾħҲǲ˵ġ
ߣССħۣ´ٸҳ磬ȫȥ޻أһΣ͸һѵɣ
ʳָĴָһһ޴֮һһ㣬ħǶ


548 жɽ

ûʲôǱħȴʧ룬Ϊǵħ֮УȻһ᲻˱˰֮ϵ⡣
ħȻ˭ûоɽǿҲֻ˵ѣڣĸоɽ磬ǿɼĴڣǵΪС
Ҳħ֮УصЩ߼ħۣħܸ࿹ɣ
ŷҹ϶ͻȻ֮Լ֮УһսˣҪӣܰħ۶ɱѾΪˡ
ӵõ
Ƿ񶨵ģŷҹֻոնգͿձһץ鿪ֻѾظ־ҪŷҹĻƶץȥ
鱬
ƶкŮһԷץЩ˾ΣˣŷҹԼû˻ƶҲҲûߵħ֮ӲߣοԼء
ҲûƶԷˣͨȻȼһ߲ɫĻ档
ǽʯҲŷҹԴÿȡһݽʯŷҹҲż٣Լڶġ
ܰѶְѣŷҹ·һˡ
ͨñͨ͸һ㣬͸Ľ֮⣬һȦ߲ʵĹâƣһѴ˵֮еʥ񽣣Ϲ
ۡ
ֻ޴Ʊͨᴩ谭عᴩˡ
޴ƿĵطɢҲֻƵ̬һ㡣
΢㾹ȻôһңȻɢĴ
ŭ˼㣬ƸǺȻһ޴ıըֱ֮Ҫ
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ŷҹҲ֪һʱֶƶһŻƶϵشٸռ֮ڡ
֮˲ͱǿֲıը֮ϣž;һƬĻ֮УҲûϢ
ƶʱȻһ޴Ŀ꣬ԷǿȻ˻ƶĲݵӡ
ǸɱҲ˻ƶŷҹô֪ҲƶŷҹǽŵӣϢѲ׽Ծת׽ϢŷҹҲûа취һɱĹ
ߣ
ŷҹһþԼȫѺŮһգԼǲٿŻƶص
䡭
ջƶǾ뵽˾޴ıը֮С
𵴵գҪŷҹӻƶ˦ȥһ㣬ѹϵŻƶѹڲԳɿռﶼѾоôǿҵ𵴸С
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ŷҹҲһȥתķ󣬶ȫȥתɷ󣬰޴ת֮뵽Լȥ
Ϊ֪ƶ£ζŲȥֻйעһеĶעѹԼϣոһ̣ѾŻƶֻصĿռ
⿪ԼķӡԼΪȫر¶
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һ׽پҪŷҹΪѾ㹻ȥ׽ˣֻԼΪʾڰѽķӡһȥ̾׽Ϯ
ⲻʲô鷳ŷҹҪ׽ٶǷַӾ͸㶨飬鷳ǣǲܿɹ׽٣ŷҹҪû֮С
ٵĶǱ׽Ҫֲ౶ˡ
꿦ꡭ
ƶѾ漱׽ٻûе֮ǰƶȻѾҪŲסˡ
ŷҹ󼱣ǳ֮ģƶ˵ҲǳҪֻǺ֮ڵĴϸɷ󣬱ŵͨһҲûгɳͷȫпһνɽ֮󣬻иķչʱжܣŷҹҲҶԡ
ŵķȷǺǲ˽֮⣬ûķˣƶʱܣŵĵҪһЩڸħ֮޵ĳɳԡ
ֶҪˣ͸Լǧͨһʹ
ŷҹĵǣŷҹڻƶҲܽ׽֮ƶһˣǾҪֱȥֱӶԿĻŷҹܿȥĻ̫С̫Сˡ
ƶַסŷҹ׻һѪܱ֮ȻƶҪʵ
˲ôˣŷҹȻԾ
ѻƶñԼҪأֻ֪Ҫƶһƣͻһ˲䱻
Ǹʲôɱ˱ֱӰѼʮռ䶼ˣһʵ̫ס
ԾȥҪȡһʱ䣬׽֮ϹŶǣǧȴŶԷܸԼһЩ˿Цˡ

ŷҹѾܾöõķˣһóȷǸȡһ룬Ȼֻ뿪Ǹըʮ׵ľ룬գ۵Ĺ򶼲ͻٴαûȥ׻ǳˣĻһͻᱻҶʣ¡
Ҳֻôʱ䣬ŷҹȻٴαΧ
ͨ죡
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ŷҹ˲Լûɽ֮壬ͨһԶȥ
޴һ壬ϵ֮ˣȴȻҵʩչŴƣһԶ߮
ǱըȻ񱩣羪κһ㣬Ȼ޷жȴؼʱ̶㿪񱩵
ǱȻûвģʵϸܵĻĳЩλĳطҪö࣬ŷҹʶѾӵ˼ޣеطֱһУһֵĹܶһϣŷҹһ̷ӳսԼ
֮ʯȼգŷҹȫȼ߲ʻ档
𵥴ȼջһ֮ʯıԴȼˡ
ǰѽ֮ʯľˣŷҹҲ֪ܲ
ڲǿЩʱһϵֶΣһеˣΪٲãҲûлȥãֱӾˡ
֮Щһ£䵽ʱֱӾͰеֶζó
ոŷҹʩչһеʱֱӰλɱ˵ķ̴ҲֱӾͼŭ˶ԷǴõ٣һ̶ֱȵػӻ
Ҫ˵ǼٵģҲˣŷҹֻȱ˵ǾʣһҲŻָĻᣬֱһᶼûˡ
߲ʻȻǿ񱩵ŷǷЧȻ΢΢赲֮⣬ûټʴŷҹ塣

Ȼ֪ûվŷҹȴغһոǼʱ䣬еսҪƣ
ǿԵĻҪھ͵ڵ˯һ
䡭
׽֮ƿն£ŷҹˡ
ڱ֮˲䣬ŷҹѾ˹ȥʷһŶ׽ٵˣˣ


549 
ŷҹʱ򣬷ԼһɽȣطȻȥЩǿȴʮ
ϸӦһ£ѾϤһ֡Ԫʼ֮˵Ԫ
ɽ磿ŷҹԼ֮ǰӦǱ׽ٸˣû˵ģĳʷϵһŶɹ׽ٵˡ
ԭҲΪ̫˶׽ٵʱҲմ˹⣬׽ٵǸ˽ȥҪһƤ˵˯ˣܲ߳ȥδ֪ء
ô˵ŷҹӹһδ٣ֻǿϧʱѺǶӵ棬Ȼпܴһ褣˿Ҳ֪᲻ܵв
ŷҹҡҡͷЩҲûãȻĹͷɽҪٻȥǲ̫ˣɽĴǸɱˣֻ͸һԼ׷ɱԼȥǾ֤·ǲͨģֻǾǸɱ˵ĳ̶ȣҲ͸һ磬ʱ֪褺ͺǵϢˡ
ҪվʱŷҹͻȻԼ״Ȼ޷ʱȻǽ׽֮ڣܵǹɱըļ˺˵׽Ҳǳصģܰ벽ɵĸ֣ĥõһƤĶôӦģڻԵ״̬½׽֮У֪ʱжӰɡ
һ£Ȼˣ˵òᣬ߲ʽʯûȫģһѸٵػָţԪڽʯĻָżõЧ
ֻҪʯָŷҹ²õˣصƣʱʧڽʯ֮£ָ
ŷҹԶ϶಻죬ָܻ״̬ڵΪھһսֻ֮Ҫָ֮аվҲɻɱ
ƶͨ״ò˶٣ƶȫѷ죬ȥܲɢܣѾǲеˡͨһЩҲõޡ
ЩŷҹģһãȫԪ޸ſģǾͰ׵˽ŵĵˡ
ŷҹȫûа취ƶûа취ˣֻþôڵϻָ
ͨͻƶȻҲԶãǸԶȫʼ֮ΪһЩ˵ԵʣЩվǲԶָֻԪʼ֮󣬾ҲûĽˡ
ŷҹѾ൱⣬ֻҪ֮ڣʲô鷳ͿԻƻָˡ
˭֪״ֻ˰ʱ䣬ССɽͱˡ
ˢˢˢ
ʮ׹Ŀȴǿһͷޣ޵ͷ­һ㣬̬ӴСɽһԹһȣ̾ƿշߣǴʱȴɵø죬ΪĹˣҲǶദصƣȥǲ׷ɱҲһܻ
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ʮ׹ⶼͷ޵ϣ̰ѶԷҵõ

ŷҹù˵󲻵ҲƫƫͳڵķŷҹڶҲˣֻؿСɽԼѹ
ã˵ָܻģôһӣָܻͲˣΣյǣ˭Ҳ֪ͷ޴ЩʲôˣŵɽĵλҲĸǸƷ˵һɾǽˡ
ʲôҲûʲôΪ֮£ûɱ˰
СɽԽԽŷҹ࣬Ȼһ˽ţǺôҲǽŵһʦɣЩ˲˵ŵӣûзԼҲǿһʱˣǿʱһʦɽֻһ֮󣬾ͱɽ޸ˣˡ
Ҫе֪ôһζŷҹûеطŰ
ŷҹȻ֪ԼŬҲУǲ
ಡ
ŷҹһʯȻ֮߶壬һ˲Ų˳ȥ
ŷҹһҵͬʱҲԾȣû뵽£ʯҲ˿ոһãʩչĻɱĴлǲڻµġ
Ψһϧǣ廹ǲܶԵеĻҪԴ
ô˵Ƕһε֣֮ûбСɽҸš
ŷҹæתԪʼ֮գýʯĻָӿһЩʯָԽ죬ָҲԽˡ
ʱѾʮƿյ΢죬ŷҹ֪Щ˿϶ûɰôһͷ޴ȴȡĵ
ŷҹڵĵطǵһ֮УֻŶԷЩûзԼһͰԼϢҲֹͣԪʼ֮ԷǸֵĻֻҪԪʼ֮һ˿Է϶Ҳܲõ
ԷǲǸ֣һŷҹ֪ܰôһͷ޶ɱʮֵȴǲġ
ţŷҹѾ˶ԷĽŲԸӦһ£Щ˾Ȼʲô֣ɶǡ
ŷҹʱ֪࣬ɽﲻֻˣҲвٵķˣֻűӾŨʮʳһԪʼ֮͸ףֻҪһ츳ܽ뷵龳һ츳ûУֻҪɾͻҲɵġ
ΪҵĻͬģֻܳɾͻ񾳵ģǾͼΪˣ龳Ҳͺ׽ͨһֻеɾЩλ
ǰЩˣȻͲʲôҪλˣǵΪڻ񾳺ͷ龳֮䣬ǿһϢҲǸ۷ѡ
Ϊŷҹ߶ʯɱǿԷҲܰʮ˶˲ɱˡ
֮ŷҹҲͲˣҲûټԪʼ֮ΪϾҪ¶ԼԷа취Ϣȥʱһ⣬̾ͻĺ󻼡
ʦ֣ˣʦһ̾ͲһͷޣһĪʦ϶᷼Ĵãʦһܱ˹ˡһ˷ܵ˵Ҫ˹ĲǸʲôʦ֣ϾҪ붴һ
ϧֻһͷޣܻ׽ĻǾͺˣϧǵʵǲаʦЩϧص
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ʦ㲻̧ңԼΪģͷޣҲֻΪˣŻᱻɱһͷȫʢ״̬ĹޣǿɾͲɱǻ׽飬ǿ᲻ɱǲŶԡʦҡͷЦЦַҲûлͷԡ


550 
ʦǫ飬ҿʦһԵģ˼˵
ŷҹҲɽ֮У˵Ҳˣʲôа֮ˣõֻҪһʵ޲ܸʮ֡
ͷޣŷҹȫʢʱڵĻôҲһʵޣһȺǻ飬ȻҪɱޣ
Ǹʦ˵öԣˣܵһ޻᲻ɱǣ͵ÿʱĶǲǳԱˡ
Ҫȥɱޣӱ¿ţͷ
ˣл˵ͷǴȥҪ׸ĪʦãȻֻһͷޣȴģһϲʦ˵Ҳʮ졣
ʦ֣Ҷæµ
Ҫⶫϻȥһ԰ͷװķôĿռ䷨һʱ֮侹ȻҲ
ԣȥðɡʦһҶΪѣǺЦһ׳һɫĽָ
ۣǱǬ䰡˵ָڲռ伫󣬶һһԳɿռ䣬֮ĶԳɿռԶʧøӿ٣벻ʦ徹Ȼֺöʦ֣ǳѪҪʦְŻڷš
ʦܣܲ˵仰ЩҲȥȰ
˵ҲʵѡʦܻЩ⣬ǾŻһ˭ܸʦһϸ£Եġ
ˣѹȡǻҪȥһ¡ʦҲȥķлֻԴϡ
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ֻǸʦȴЩӣƵߵһ߶ȥȻΪոյĻûеõڴЧЩ⡣
ףʦ쿴һˣ˵ӣʦܺߵŷҹǺ²ݴ֮ǰɾͷŷҹ
ʦֵҲȥΧŷҹ۲
ŷҹһȻѾ¶ˣҲûŵıҪҲʼԪʼ֮
ţλһλǰȻԪʼ֮ʦһ֮£̾жϳŷҹΪ
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Ԫʼ֮ͨ˵ǿҲŵģԼ֪յڣҲ֮͸ź˳ΪǸͲ
ŷҹԪʼ֮㹻˵ŷҹΪҲɾ֮ϡ
ɾһˮ룬ﲻɾɽ磬ҲԶɣֻǱ׽˸ӳһЩѡ
ɾҶǸ̾û뵽ôһ˵ĸˣôˣȴһˡ
ʦһѽһСȥ𻵵ģƷòǲ硭ʦܵ۾⣬һ۾ͿŷҹԣĳʦһĨӵĶ
˼ȻײǾǳ˲ܶʱ򣬰ŷҹɱˣȻͿ԰ռΪˡ
֣ʦһһ
ɾǿߣʦһԷˣҪû٣һλû˵ȥôأ֮Ͱ˶ˡ
ǶɽȻһСɣҲɵɣħаţ飬ǻôȥʦʦִȻ
ŷҹҲһЩǲɱˣȻŰһȺ˲ɱȴҲ治ԸôóٸԼУ˵ɱҲʲô飬Ҳû񫡣
Ӹ˵ǣɽЩҲһûʲôİ취֪ǽŵŷҹһһֱڵĵģǴһֱܷ̾ϢɽֱǴ粽Уûô㡣
ô˵ѩĪˣȻпɽ磬δؾʲôɽٻģֻҪݣӦҲʲô˶ֵܷġ
ǵΪһ˵ĵ⡣
ĪΪԸһЩҲͽǸѣȻ֪ΪûУǾˣǶ٣
Ϊǵ͵òٵˣֻɽЩˣֻҪˣԴﵽҲ˵ǵСӶʿˣΪɽߣ̫ȫˡǣﻹҪӲȫϾΪҲǵ˶˵ĴڣŮһȥ褵Ļ¼ҪǵˣҲҪһԼķУǿĴ벽ɵĸְ
ĪѩȴһһֶûУô͵˼Ϊ˵ĵò֪Ҫôá
뵽Щһ˲ŷҹҲû̫࣬Ͼһ취ҲûУֻǰǰ鴦ãԼص취ȥѩˡ
һȥľ飬ŷҹҲ֪Լһµݣպ͸ӷˣǰʦ֣Ҳͦʶ壬֪ԼˣҲǺǵģǵĶţŪһµݣǵǸѡ
ղǸʦҪͨǻƶĻŷҹһʱͰ˸ɱˡ
ȻԷûжṵ̂ǺһЩô
ƶȥ˵úأԳɿռȴõģĵҩݣûбƻģĽ֮Ļ٣ֻҪԷܰŪһµݣ˶һЩô
ǰ¶ܣǰǰ¡ʦǰŷҹ
ɽ֮Уһжǿ˵Ϊ˵ΪҶܺᣬҲܶˣòϺѷֱʲôΪȴʵǿأûдġ
ŷҹһޣɾܶҲûд
ţܣܲŷҹ۾΢Цһ£ҵķܲģԸҺϲ
лǰ佱ֻܿ˵һ仰ԷѾ۾亹øոûԥǣȻڿܾѾˣλǰȫģǶȻССɣȴҲĵ飬ǰˣ絽ˣҲǰԵ
Ǻǣ˵úܺãҵȷˣڲ߶طҲ̫ʺˣܰҴɣһ˵ĵط죬ҵȷǻһЩôŷҹ˵
ǰˣǰҲ¸ǰԵǲ¼ªҾʹǰɽˣǲǰĺôæ˵
ҲãͰţɶǼƷķǰæһնɱУ˵ʱҲˡŷҹЦĿȴͨͻƶϡ


551 跨
Ҳһ̽ˣǶԷķô̰ĵҲ֣֪ǵļֵ֮󣬻ܲĵģǲֵء
ŷҹ֮̽ҲԼ˶Է֮󣬶Է֪ⷨļֵ̰ĵĻʱڶԷĵ̶ϣ˶ڣܳɱУҲܰѶԷɶɣɱ֮󣬾ֻܵˡ
ǺǻԸһжƿ֮С
ȻЩ˵ԣҲЩĵ˼ŷҹҲǲѣûа취ֻó²ˡ
ǰû˿ıɫǰԼһָ˳ָѷװ֮󣬻ǴǰΪãôصĶٳ˶ˡ
һװ֮£Ȼװȥ
ƶԳɿռ䣬ָ֪˶ٱʱҪָװװƶǼֱҪСͰװףȻǲװýȥġ
ͨȻûԳɿռ䣬ں߰ѽ֮е޴󣬸Ͳǽָܱȵģǿװֻͨⴢ﷨𻵣Ȼһװȥ
ΣŷҹЦſܡ
ܵȷǾһ£ͬʱҲ֪֮ⷨˣҪȻķҲװ
˵ʵֶǰܲģҲֻһ̾Ͱ̰ͷ˻
ͬʱҲ֪Է϶̽˴⣬ǿɾûˡ
Ҳٶ࿴æöȻŷҹߣǰⷨ
˿ң˶ûп˵̫ⷨûмǷǰȽϰȫǱ֪ˣҲ鷳
ŷҹЦ£ȻˣˣҲδؾǡ
ãʦ֣ǱͻȻһֻƴֻ޸˵ģһַɻˡ˵ţ˴Ҵææ棬ƴȥҲˣǿȥᣬЩˣ²Ķ֡
ߣ뿪˵ǹϢҲĨǧҪƴҵѸٵ
ɲģһֻʵ޶ϣԼЩռսƷǿ»ֻ޵ŭ
ãˣʦߣѾŵغš
ƴĽѾ÷ǳת֮ѾɵǵϿա
絶Ŀ·Щɾ˶Ǽ˸
һ̣ƴѾȻҵ˹޵ϢȴѾֻ޵ӰӣжϳǰЩѹ޸
һӾҪӣҲѾˣͬڣҶɫ԰ף֪ҪôӦԡ
ȫһ棡ܵ׻һ۷壬ҲȷӦһ
Ѿһ˶еѹ´ֻˡ
ЩȴҲʩչʲôˣֻƴѾӳᵽǲɸߵͷ֮ϣۿҪ
޵һëԱȵϵȱУô˻·˿һɡ
ڴҾŵʱͻȻ֮жһԪʼ֮۶ɵľ޽ѽһת۵һ͸ƴͷԷһûзģȻˤ
áգ֮󣬲Ƶ˵һ䡣
ۿƴǵͷϣٲһǵСûˣĸо̫жˡ
ܶлǰ֮˻ڸ̾ʱѾͷȥ
΢΢һ£ҲףոһԪʼ֮۶ɵĽӰǰڵϣȥ˵һҲܶǿ߷ġ
˶ͷһ£ҿոʦûʲôǸոǸʦܵĻڿǱֻƴûҪ͸
ôһֻƴˣҲѰɵʵֻһУȻͰɱģĻᶼûУҪǵˣǿǴӽŵ׵ͷߵù˰
㿴ⲻܶ˼ҲҪָͷնɱɾɾʵɱһȺɵļһҪ⣿Ъ˰ɣ
ÿŷҹ˵һͷСС޶ѣòôС֣ҿҲɱ޵ģС͸ǣǴȥ˵һɡ
ССޣҶ㿴ңҿ㣬ԼЩ˿ǿ󵽲ֵܵĴڣ˼ҵȴֻһ΢С˿ԺԵС
ǲడڣô̾š
лǰǰȥˣķ֮£ܽʶǰѾңǰôһݴʵǲ֪˵ʲôˡл֮æֵҲ֪ǰȻǲƴϣˣʱ䣬ǰǲ⣬סҶˣǶȻСţɽŵҲʺǰס
ţͺáŷҹոȫһķԼһһΪ˰ųҲҪЩǰԼʵչʾһ£һȻͲ˿Ĵˣ㲻ʲôرӵ飬ֻҪΪһƬԪʼ֮ȽϻĶ죬ȻͿԻָˡ
ǣǰһհ죡ǶŷҹϹϾոһҲŵˡ
ɱɾʵŷҹ˲ܶ£˵ʲô˵ŷҹʵԶͨɣô㲻ǽɣҲ۷ʵˡ
һˣǱǶڵţһǵţҲ˵һɱɾǿ߰ɣ
˵˻֪һЩǼֱǴԵ
һ˰ͼͷƴװǬǷôҲװˡ
һȻҲ֪ǽָԳɿռ̫СȻûа취װֻȻ
Ҳûа취ֻնЩƴǿҲҪϻȥһ·ȥҡҡһЩôҲ²ܰǱոֻ޻Ҫǿް
ɾƷеɵ÷øǿ󣬶Ƿ۷˳ҩĵҩҲ׽ɾ
˵һǱһҪë᲻ӵġ
ŷҹæµԸôҶŷҹͷһƴѾյ˻ƶ
ΪѾ֪ŷҹʵεľȻҪСһЩһ̾һܣŷҹ̧˵֮ϣһֱţһ·̧˶ڡ
ܰŵú׵һȥͰŷҹŵʰõɽеĶһӦȫȥҲȷˡ
ˣȥæɣ֮ŷҹԸš
̹ˣ׼߳ȥֱŷҹס
ȵȣСҲ߰ɣֵͼĶʵЩҵķŷҹ˵ţƴѾ˳


552 ͻ
ܿЦãƴȻˣͷһ˵
Ҳ⣬̾˰ƴߣŷҹ˵˼ȥҪء
ʱ䣬ŷҹȫɽ֮Ԫʼ֮
ɽȷǱǻɽϻҪһЩǶԪʼ֮˵ȴǻûʲô仯ŷҹȻڻָԪʼ֮ȴԽԽܹӦˣҲֻɽ׽һֻдɣռŨԪʼ֮ĵطҲֻдɣҲֻдɲܳǿ߰
Ҳ⣬ƩԼŵӣҲǹֻͷȴһûУȴҲ֮˵ĵزò˵ֻԵ˭еġ
Żƶ취ֶܰԭʼԼΪͻƵú˳Ļֻ˵ӱ˸ľһƴˡ
߲ʽʯȫָʯһָŷҹ̾ѸٵȬš
ȻܹʱŷҹƻûȫָʩչֶȴѾûд󰭡ȫһ֮ʱҲܶ״̬ˡ
ŷҹҲοΨһϧǣƶͨڶԶأֻһ޸ˡ
ϧԪʼ֮ŷҹпš
ڵĻƶͨͨȥ죬ûκεˣҲκ޸ЧֻԪʼ֮Ԫʼֲ֮֮ǰԶ϶Ҳû⣬ƶͨ޸Ҫһǳɵģмٳʲôǰ򻹿ܰĸˡ
ŷҹ֮ǰҲû뵽Ȼ벻⣬Ҳûа취ֻȥѰŨԪʼ֮ĵطָ˵
һʵѾָ߰˰ˣ޸Ļսȴֻܷӳǰ߳
ȻڵŷҹɾҲɣټ˻ƶ˵ɾǽɾҲлܰѶԷϮɱˡ
ףŷҹҪأȥʱͻȻеزһ˿춯ĵ¡
ڵµһʮ־Ԫʼ֮
ѵɽ·ŷҹȻûɽ磬ǿһЩ֮ҲףһУʲ֮ͬ⣬ܶ඼׽̫ࡣ
Ʃ˵ǰ׽磬ĳʯʲôɣΪĳֽʣγһ壬ˡ
ɽԪʼ֮γһԪʼ֮۵Ҳûпܵġ
ܣ㲻ң޸ٹɡŷҹԸһ̾Ϳʼ̽
ǣǰٹܵǺܺô򷢣ֻһ仰Ѿ˻ȥˡ
ŷҹʶ֮ܿڼӲʯصףѰҵһԪʼ
˵Щ̫һЩΪֻһĳ·СʣһЩƵġ
ɽ˿˿ƵԪʼ֮һЩССҲܰѻƶָͨһˡ
Ԫʼ֮ĻһӰָˣȻǺõģʱҲҪԪʼ֮ܵ޸һֵĳ̶ȣȻŷҹɲ֣ҲðŷٵķȥԵġ
һЩԪʼŷҹ̶֣֮ѡһ£ѡ˻ƶ
ȻĴսڽϣƶħ֮ʱ͸ռߡ
ŷҹûֵģһû͸̫ˡ
Ϊ˻ֻ֣ܶ࣬ͨɡɵ۶֡
ڵŷҹԸȻǲ£ԸҲһս֮ǿɾùˣȥ߾߲
ÿһˣȥһµĻǿǴɵˡ
ȻҲǿǵŷҹǴԼݣȥ̫ˣֻҪԼģȥǱˣʱɲʺٸߵֻһһߵĻɾ͸Լȥˡ
ţŷҹѾְһȫ÷˹ɽʯӳ֣Һˮһš
ŷҹ֮䣬ˮԼȥֻϴôһŵӣһŵˮ֮Уȴǰ˱ŷҹհԪʼܴ֮ﵽ
ŷҹҪˮԭṩ㹻޸ƶһ˵յĻȴûа취ָҪһ㡣
ŷҹƶһ֮󻺻ɽȥȻԼԽľַһ˿˿䵽˻ƶ֮УŻƶˡ
Ҳǿֱȥ޸ɣŷҹ֣ǻƶɹøӾҲʺϻƶʹã֮
ЧҲǺԵģû뵽һˮֱ޸˻ƶ˺ۣһЩ
ֻһʣ࣬ŷҹҲûٽһˣͬҲΪʣ޸ˣǿ޸ֻ㣬ֻеһҵʱ˵
ʣµˮŷҹԼˣ˵Ҳʵӡ
ÿһˮ֮ܶǰķ֮һϴһ㣬ڶֻҵķ򣬶Ҳа
¡
ŷҹڰһˮϵʱɽͻȻ֮һȻ¡һҲ
ŷҹȻᱻɽѹ棬ɽµһ˲䣬Ѿƴһͨдж
ǰ⡭ô˰ܿŷҹٿѾµɽЩĿɿڴӡ
ǰɽ㣬ɽҪõö࣬ǻˣպ͵Ѱصˡ
ûʲôҲ֪ɽôˡŷҹȻ˵
ŶܴӦţҲû˵ʲô
⻰ȻǲŵģҪ˵ŷҹ֪ǹŵģֻһ棬ôŪģ֪ܲ
ŷҹȷҲǲµһЩӦǸԼȡǵˮйϵ
ɽ֮ŸԪʼ֮žΪһˮԵʣԼһˮȡˣɽ˽ضϣҲͱϵˣԲŻᵹ
ֻŷҹҲֱӾ˵ֻԼҲ֪ԭǰôôȥɡ
˵ԼָʱһС˸Ԫʼ֮ȻɽˣҲûа취飬ԺһЩ⳥
ǰ飬Ҹ״˵һ£˵ǰָ֮ĻԵҶڵȥСĵѯʵ
ţҲǰҵĴæҵƶѾˣȻʩչȫҲ㹻ˡŷҹ˵ȻҾȥݻһ㸸ףʲô飬ҲԸһЩر
ŷҹһܣҲգҾȸһЩôɣҲǴڷ۷ĳ̶ȣһֱûа취ͻɾҾһ֮ܲͻƣҪԼĻԵˡ


553 ɽ
⡭ôҲܰ𣿡ɻ󣬵ȴûиʳ
Ȼŷҹô˵ˣŶԷһЩ취ģ˵˳ԷһˣֲͻˣһԵĻᶼû
ǺǣҲͻɾȷΪģҪԼɵ١ŷҹһ£ΪͻȻ뵽֪ɽͻɾû׽٣ȷ£ҲסˣˣӾһ˿ɵ򡣡
֪ܲҪôΪԼһ˲飬̸ף
ܰĻǳɾҲͲôˣ
ܻǰŷҹķԸʼתԼĹһ״̬
ţӻǲġܽ״̬ܿ죬ŷҹҲ˵ͷ˵źܺõĻҲ¹һ๦ģ֮˵ȻǸаһЩ
ŷҹתƶһ˿ɾ״̬Ԫʼ֮
ǻƶеʲôֻҪˣױգŷҹð벽ɵħ˺ȼ벽ǿߡ
ڸղŵʱŷҹҲ֣Ԫʼ֮ƶ֮Ҳܱ֮գɵûбƻԱͨ˲
Ȼŷҹ֮ǰҲû뵽ģǼȻˣ̾뵽˿֮
ֻҪûƶת֮󣬰Ԫʼ֮󣬾ܲϵظ벽ɳ̶ȵĸ룬ǲϲеɵֻͻ֮ˡ
һ˿Ԫʼ֮ҲǸոŷҹˮ󣬲ʣµһ˿ҪĻҲǲԣɽ絽Ԫʼֻ֮Ũĳ̶Ȳͬѡ
ŷҹҲоͬΪˣԪʼ֮ҲӦǲͬģͬһطŷҹֻյΧǧҵԪʼ֮ΪٴĻܴﵽǧɣ࣬ոԪʼ֮ˡ
ʵֻǷΧ⣬ҪǸ߶ȣԽŸ߿յĵطԪʼ֮ԽŨ񣬵ŷҹԼоˣǧ֮ĵطԪʼ֮Ũȣ֮ڵһҪࡣ
˵ڵ֮УԪʼֻ֮սʮ֮еһɣǧ֮Ԫʼ֮ȴռʮ֮еɡ
ǧ֮ĸ߿գŷӡһܴǧ֮ĸ߿Ԫʼ֮ͻƵĻԪʼ֮վͻˡ
ҲˣֻǸһ˿Ԫʼ֮ѣ㹻ȥˡ
Ԫʼ֮ٿػһ׹⣬뵽ܵĺ֮Уķһת
ǡԪʼ֮ɵ򣿡һӦ֮󣬼ȫǷ
û뵽ŷҹȻа취Լӿɵٶȡ
Ԫʼ֮Ҳûа취ģɸ֣ҲܰԼԪʼ֮ٶɸˣȻôˡ
ŷҹǰԪʼ֮ˣٸ뵽Լһûƻɵ
ȫĲ򣬲Ҫġŷҹǳ
ǡﻹ˵֣ڵŷҹ񰡡
ɵ򶼿ԸԼֻˡ
Ҳǵ۷壬ֻһ򣬶˷֮ǰ̾൱ڵ䱩ǣת˲֮Ѿͻ˰벽ɵ
䡭
ԣ̤һȻڰʱ֮ڣѾһ˿ɷ򣬳ɾ֮
ȻҲԼ㹻ô̵ʱڣһ˿֮ŷҹֻǰһ㴰ֽͱûŷҹôһ˿ɵܻҪٵ൱ʱܲ򵽡
൱Ѿһ˾ųɣֻһȴѹأŷҹʱһݴ𰸣ǰܵǰȥ⣬Լȥڤ˼ؽ⣬Ȼǰ߸ӿˡ
лǰȫܴӵһԾŷҹһء
ɵĵλִȻǶԶԷ˼㣬˿ù֣ŷҹ֪ʲôʱͻһء
ˣҲÿ˵ҪһЩôȻǲʳԵġŷҹЦ߰ɣ㲻˵㸸ҪǾȥ
ǰ룬·̾ǰ·֮ǰҪӹ˼֡
ҲٹǶĵһ·Ŷڵڲȥ
ⶫȻֻһСţǱҲҪ࣬Ͼ߲վͬһλϣɽޱߣֲ֪˶ٱγִģɣҲġ
Խֽ֮һɽ壬ȥӦһųסɽ塣
Ҹ׾棬Ϊˣӭǰ¡ܿ˵
޷Ȼˣȥһ˵һܰһСæҲǸһݻرˡŷҹԿһ£ѾܵɽĻ
ȻܵĸܳΪԼһɽסĳϣڵĽҲЩ⣬Ҳйذɡ
λʵģʵҲûлָĻᣬ㻹ŴǰλʵҲѾλˡ
ŷҹɽ֮ϵĶȥ
ǰҪܾڡ
ɽ֮϶Ľƣǲ޼ɵطУŷҹȻǷƱҲᱻ裬ʱ˵ᴥŭˣǿɾͲˡ
Ȼŷҹһ֮䣬֮̾ŷҹ
Ǻǣ޷ŷҹһӣƶһת
ӭ籩֮䣬ѾǼ֮סವһק˻ƶиˡ
һĻĿɿڴ֮ô׸Ƶҿղӣŷҹǰǽ֮Ҳˡ
ҲԣֻƺԪʼ֮ǻʲôģ
ʱɽĽ֮ƺܵһ㣬ʮ
ǰ飬֮Ƕȥɽķͻܵˣ·Ĵ󶼻ܴ󼱡
˵ǣҲ֮ŷҹˣһСˣֻҲöԷʧӣʱǨŭǿɾͻˡ
ŷҹȣƱʲô˻ٲǺòҵôһǰˣôˣǿǿ޶ûеط
˵ŷҹ飬Ҳ֪ʱŷҹʱ򣬵ŷҹˣԸԷһ̨£˵Ϊղ飬ŷҹһʱŻýƹȥ
ôһŷҹˣҲ̫ĸλ
ŷҹ뵽Щ˼ֻǵһЦҪ飬ҾͲ˶ˣ
˵ȫһݣƶٿһΣȻʧǸռΪʧȥĿ꣬Ҳûٷ׷
ܰѽƶƭģǿɲǼ򵥵۷ô򵥣ֻŷҹĲռˡɾÿռ䷨򣬴ԽռҲʲô£ɽȴУΪɽĿռ䶼ѹƣͨɸͲܴ󣬾ǷҲܳǧɣͻܵѹơ


554 ָ
Ȼ˽֮ͻᱻ⿪ƾ׽˲ܷУǵӵ˸ǿʵ֮󣬾ͿԷ߱ڣ鲽һ
ܾ֮䣬ͿŷҹѾɽ֮ϳˣȻһԾ֮͵ɽ
˲þȣֻǷ񱼣Ͼ˵ĶӣǸȴײϵġ
ʱҲǵɽŷҹһ롣
ɽֻ֮һſùӵĴ֣šƶ֣ȥԾʮʦ緶
Ҹƣⶴƶˡŷҹܵ
ܵõĳϣҲһҫˣԿóҲյҫˡ
ûжƷʲôЩµĵӶѾƷһû̫ǰ;ŵĵҲԸѡ
ǰĵӵǻһЩǴ˿Ҳʧ˶־ûм˻ԼܳΪɸ֣һӢŵġ
ⳤϵĶӶɾͲɣˣ֪ʲôʱͻƷ廹ʲôϣ
һûϣĵط˭Լȥ
Ȼʱ䲻Ʒ˥ҲѾܿóˡ
ŷҹһ̤˶֮УͿĶУһֻǵϢѣһ˶̾ͣ
ףλŷҹǰ˵ǰǰ˵
ƸոҪŷҹ˵ĿͻȻһܣ㾹Ȼͻɾ
⻰ļ֮飬ֱԱ
˶ٰ취ͻɣھȻԼ֮ʱȻͻˣܲϲ
ŷǰŷҹǰһ˿̺ɵԪʼ֮͸Ҳһ֮ɵ֮ףѾɾˣԺƷϣˡҲոѾܼû˿˵ڿ԰ݼˣȸ׵ƺתƷ廹ǰһΪڵ֮µһ塣
ǺǡƲÿɷȻԼѾʲôϣŷҹ˫ֱȭлλˣˡ
Ԫʼ֮͸ȥܻ֪жѣΪƵɣȴײԪʼ֮ԼԣǾ޷͸á
ΪԪʼ֮˵Ḷ́ҲɶպͲ̣ˣҲղˣǾʲôҲʣˣôȥã
ŷҹһ˵ŷҹһˣһˡ
˻ߵĻ¾ûиˡ
ÿǰˣҲܰҴ˻һ˵ĵص㣬Ȼһ治ܺõô죬ҰҲ֪᲻ķգԸһ˿Ԫʼ֮ҲССػرһ¡ŷҹȻ
ССػرһ£һɾ⻹ССĻر
˵ҲֻЦŻӦһ£ʵڲ֪Ҫôȥл˼ҶѾ˵ˣ΢С£һ𣬺Լ¶һ
ҿҲ̫ءŷҹһֻۣȼյ̫ѣʩչط̶ֳȵ˺ɣ
ȻǸˣһ۾Ϳҵ˵жٵǿģɾ嶼ŷΣҲԼڵ״
ŷҹֻһۣ̾˵˵ԭԼıľʵ̫ˡ
ҲûʲôĶӾһΣɾֻһСæѡŷҹ˵ҾͰָһЩ͵ҶĻرɡ
ʲô˵ҪָҵôܣҲˡ
ҪȼյָĻطʹˣָܻĻԼҲüʱ䶼ֻɽˡ
ɽҲвٵҩûһ԰ָġ
ɾӵƳģһȼˣ龳ָҪ򱶣ǲܵģǸ֮е֣תĿܣɶûֱ¡
һССɶûУȥĶȥһ΢С˰
ҪָһɵǿɲС£ǻ˵ʩ߱ԴģΪһزʶСԼıԴˡ
ǺǣҲûʲôȻʲôˣǻָһЩɵģȫֻܰȻָһ˵ģһЩҩ԰ɡŷҹţҩûУеҩ̫ңڸͷòˣҿҲǼֵƣԶԷҲò
ŷҹڵȷǲܰеָˣҪĵ̫󣬽ʯոջָɲһα˵Դ
ָܻƻǸоԼһ
Щ˵ˣȰŵҩȥ˵ŷҹ̧֮䣬ѾһŵҩڶԷ
ƱҪסٿģû뵽ⵤҩֱӾ˿ڣһڼ֡
һ˶Էİ㣬ڿеĵҩһҩ֮ʮ泩ûжҩκα֣Ƿ
תһ룬ԼѾڵˣǶԷֱӶ֣Լ϶ҲǶ֣ûбҪԼĶӱɣٹӽԼɱһҪˡ
Ҳʲôֿȫҩ
һ̣һΪԼѾòϣڵȫŷҹڿš
ŷҹɵʮְԵڵҩ֮̾ѾǰһɵѵҩȻƵķ⣬ӦһǵҩʲôӦ
Ǻܿģ͸оԼű仯ԭҪݽߵŻָ
ƾȵؿԼȻһɹɵˮ»֮һ˿ƴطѿҶӣ͵ȿˡ
ңŷҹѾֹֺͣˣڷһЩ۷ʵٽһӦҲˣʱȻٴûʲôҩҲõˡ
лŷȣֱӾ͹˵ϡ
ΪʱҲֻһأֱӾ¹ˣɼҲָ֪˸׵һĻ׿ܺܿҪˣǱͻɾҪ
ö˵ңһһЩرġŷҹЦ
˵ر˭Ҳ벻ֻرô
ҲǸпǧû뵽ԼȻôˣӳȥԣȻܼһԼĸǻԵɣ첻
ŷҹˣ͸ӲСˣһָܻĴʦﶼĤݵĶ󰡡
ҪڣŷҹȴѾˣ㲻лңҲôģҩֻһţҲòˣԿɲҪˡ


555 
˶ˣҾٴҲٺƤȥҩֻǵ˸˴ʵǹⲻȥ֪ŵĸˣлᣬҲǰȥлʵҲڿŷҹûɡ
Ȼָһ㶼Ǵųǿŷҹϵķβûʲôص㣬ɽһЩɢޡ
ɢ޵ĻǶȻãǲܣһ䳤ϣҲһõѡĸ˰
ȻŷҹһԼûָֻĵҩҲɣоŷҹֶָΣҩΣҪĹ
ԷԼһŵҩȴֲԼȥ̽飬ȻпǲԼ֪ʲô䷽٣Ϊָܻĵҩ֪˷ӣҩҲһҵõģԺܶ෽ֻǴ˵ͳԲȥҩһ衣
ŷҹôǿ϶ĿģžԼΪⵤҩã֮ʡԼ鷳
ôţȻҲ¶ŷҹ̸֪ҲҪܣɾͷЩ˵ĴɣҪߵĻֻⱲӶҵˡ
ûɣҲżȻ޶ֻ·ޣѡŷҹ˵
ޣ⼸ֿɰһ
ޣǿ㲻ˣҲһŷҹȻָܴ߼ѣ̫˾ˡ
ǰŷҹ˵ԼǸܵˣʱĿڣҲһûо֣ܵʱֻһ˵Ͼʱֻһ֮ԵԷûʲô飬ҲûбҪ˵̫ࡣ
ڿǿԼİˣԼ˰ɡ
Ҫ˵֮ѣƸ̾˸ոյɽƵһĻŷҹͻǽֶ֮ΣҲǷ˼ϣѵġ
ŷҹɱɾޣôܱأ
ͨЩ֮ƸӼᶨŷҹĴ㣬ԷܳΪڵĵӣڵһڵĿ䳤ϣҲǲѡ
ˣҶȻСɣڱҲһЩԴǸ˲Ҷסһʱ䣬ʲôҪĻΪ˲ٰ졣ûֱ˵ԼҪ
ŷҹˣ˲ֱ˵ԷܾĿ̫󣬻ȿŷҹʲôϲ˵
סһʱҲǲԣոǸɽˣҲûʲôطסˡŷҹε
һɽʲôǸԸ⣬ƶ͸˾סҲǿԵġޱȴ󷽵˼ҸԼһɽ㲻ʲôƶԪʼ֮ǱǸҪ߳Ʒ·һԪʼ֮Żô㣬һõĳ
Ŷһ𣿡ŷҹȻǸȤˡ
˵ʱѾʶ֮ȥ̽ˣһ̽ȻƷ֮£һ֮ǰЩˮ༸ʮӵ
ǲҪǶ˵Ļ᲻ƷҲˣ
ŷҹ룬ǲҪĺãȻЩһЩ飬ֱӰһɽŪٶԷһǿµʱŶҪƴˡ
һӦûİɣ
˵Ҫ֪ܲҳȡһ֣Ʒãŷҹֱʵ
͵͵ģֱӸԷһ£ϾɽӦҲҵõޱȣҪ£һЩۣȻǲܵġ
ʵŷҹҲڵᣬһ۶ҪʹӦƵ£붫ڣǵҪԷĻˡ
ҲʶȤģһھϲãȴû뵽һӾ͵㵽ϡ
ֶκ˵ģŷҹȻҲ⡣
Ҳû뵽ŷҹҪǴֱʣֱҪȡ
ԥһ֮ѸٵͷһǰƷ͸ˣҲӦõģҲƷ֮ڣȻҲ͸ˡ
ףȡˣɽҲסˣЩĵ˵
ֹ̧˵ȥض˵ˣҪĶûвԹ͵ģһеͺá
ǺǣҲûôأ˵һò꣬ʱƷҲᵹˡŷҹЦ㲻ٽʲôˣֱӽŷҹͺãƽ۽
ƸӶһۣǲᵹɽϵԪʼٰ֮ɣҪԪʼ֮ǿɾûԪʼ֮Ʒ͸ͨĻɽҲˡ
ȥǲҲû壬Ҳûʲô
ҲãҾͽһŷҹŷҹĲؿǰĹ⣬ֻҪܳɾ˸˵ķҲϧƿѾֵزβֵøڷһЩӿ˵ܣ֪ͨɽϵĵӣˣһɽȴŷҹƳɹ֮ٿ
ǣסһ̾ȥ֪ͨˡ
ʵɽҲ࣬ƽʱԼĶģֻмԼǰһķ۷壬벽
ʱܾѾظ˵ǼӶѾɽ
ôǼӲԸɽŷҹܻʱɫЩתʵ
ǣֻܿףڻ̾һ⼸˻Ϊ׿Ҫ䣬Կ˵Ҫתϵ¡
Ǻǣǿ֮ѵûоȣŷҹʵ
ǿҲǸոŵɣײˣⶫ嵽ʱǻᱻջأǲԸҲûаѸѾָϢǡƽ
ţҲãҵҪǼõӣһʲôӵĺʦƴǰҲǶڵһȻҲ׶ӵ˼
ּʹĵӣҪҲͲҪˣѾָ²иĵӼ
οԼĶҲѾɾλϵĶһƷһȱǿöĵط
ֻ²ֻɣŷҹԷɫ죬Ц
С̾һʵֻһ˽£ղһʦ˵ϵĶѾĪʦףҡĪʦõʦѾӦˡ
ǸĪôҲüͷһ壬ŷҹתͷˣƷҸȮȥȥ
ҪżҵķƺˣԸһȥǺǣò̫ʱ䡣ŷҹЦ
벻ܻһӣȥޣҪ͸ǸνĪʦã쿴ʦɽûжһ˵ĪӦ˱˵ף̾һʧǵӣˡ
ƸӶһۣȻҪ̾͸Ϲȥǿŷҹ˵ֻҲ˼ֻܾ˵ɽȺ


556 ֶ
㹻Ԫʼ֮ŷҹ޸ƶҲǷǳٵ飬ֻʱȥƶѾ޸һļ
ŷҹҲûٽȥһʱͿҪȡˣɽϵԪʼ֮ѾԵظо˿ݽߵӣȥĻƷҪŪˡ
ŷҹȻҲûƶ黹ǲҪˣֻҪԺ˻ᣬһơܰռֱˣԷġ
ƸҲ濴ţȻ֪ŷҹʲôǿɽڼٵԪʼ֮˶¶˾֮ɫ
ʲôԪʼ֮ô죿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʱ֪ǰŷҹСˣԷʵˣƷֶҲǾˣַ϶ǵؼ֮оƷļҲôԪʼ֮
չˣȻûƳɹⷨЩˡ
ʱŷҹѾ߰ɣλȻǵĴҲ˼ôţһȥлֵĻҲԻһС顣
ǵأΪ˴лŷҹ㣬㣬ҵѾˣһʲôٶ༸ҲԱˡæ
ô˵Ǿȥһ˰ɣҵҲ뿴ǵĶʲôĸʿŷҹҲţܾһΣȥԷŮ˸㶨Ҳ˶ԷһԸɡ
ҲãŷҹɡȻҲܾŷҹһ֣ߵʲôݶзġ
ǸĪҲȷǶеŮӣҲϣŮӼ޸ԼĶӣֻϧǰʵǿ֮ʱûȥףһ˽͸ûȥˡ
û뵽ھȻҪʧˣȻЩʧȥҪûصĻᣬϾΪѾָҲ̫֮࣬࣬ҲԲ١
£ܵõǸĪʦȻϿɣ׮»л͵ĿܡƷһŷҹǾ͸ʵǿ󣬾Ҳδؾܱȵùˣ׳ɹ
һ˶ǳȻȥʱѾ˷ףŷҹûٶûƶһһȥ
αϾ׵ģóȻȥѶԷŭˣҲʲô顣
ȻĶ֮ſ̾Ůǰѯһƣ̾񣺡Ӳμʦ
ˣȥ֪ͨʦ˵ݻᡣ˵
ǡŮЩԥʦ˵ʦ׵ӣһŲ
ǺǣԭʦҲû𣿡Ц
ʦʦҲǸոյŮʵ˵
ãҿɲʦеˣʦΪҵָ㣬ǱܱȵģЦ˵һͰŮӷԭλԼǴŶӺŷҹһˡ
⡭ŮһҲѾ޷סˣ鿴Ҳֻˡ
׷ȥҲʲôõĽУһźܸߵλģȻˣһֱûгǼȻˣҲԼһССӾ͸סġ
ʦȻԸ˵ʲô˶Ҳֻܣ벻Ҳᵽɡ
ʱڶ֮ڣΪµĿռŷҹҲǰһԪʼ֮ȻƷ壬ĿռȴǱƵĶö࣬ڼİҲʮ־µţһһŮϵĶһŮϡ
ոһȥͿһһŮеȲȥҲ½ɾŮҲڷ۷壬ò÷绪ɫ
ʦãǰһеתͷǸӵĿЩˡ
ԭʦ֣ôûȥܵĪǲɾ𣿡翴ܣԼѾɾȻ˵ʱ͸Ÿһȡ
ʦã͵ͷޣɻϲһͷޣһͷƴʦҩǼõĶҲ磬ֻĪ˵
ͷ޵ȷǲǸɫŮӿһۣת磬Ǹʦ֣ûа취ֵյĳŵΪʦѾҡ
賤ѾĪʦңҽ׵ģܣѵ⻹𣿡мֵ
ΪʲôĪʦãҲѾɾѵ㿴ҴСʶѵʲôطȲ磿ܿһۡ
⡭ĪȻ֮䣬ƫܣʦѾµ飬Ҳܸĵġ
ôʱĪǰ棬һµɣ޸޻պôĪʦһ֮ܰĪʦóɾɵģλʱܻҪº̨ʦͬǵ𣿡
һʱܵ£磬һСȻ۳飬Ҳʰһ£Ͳ֪Ƶô̵㸸׵ġƺŷҹʱŴӺ
ݵñѾ˴زǿ֪ԼӵĴˡ
̧֮䣬Ѿ߷ݰȥҲһѪ
Ȿˣ׻ûгأȼѪ
˭ҶӣʱһŭȴӶ˸֮䣬ѾһӰǰ档
ʦܣ̵ܽĺöӣȻڱʱᵹ£ҴѵһΪɣŭһ˿ʾҲһųڵ
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λضˡӶ߳һˣȥӺݻ󣬲ҲŸոնʮͷƵģɽ˵òӲܵжϱ׼ʦ֣֪Ϊ˷¶ҲʵΪѣǲ÷ɾǾͻһѾ䡭
šͻȻһȻĻϡ
ʲô˺ֿϾҪȴûûСشϣʱʮֲá
ֻҪһ䣬ܰĪΪɾô˵ŷҹЦȴû֡
ĿСӣҰֻŷҹһ
ϧʮͣŷҹǰʯͷ۵һͶˮһֻΣѾˡ
ף˶һ£֪ʲôֶΡ
ʱҲ֪׹ٿһٴγ֣ݺݴϣһοѪȸղûҪ
ǿɾһƴԼĶϣҲֲ֣Ϊʲôһʱɵһ
ô£ȫһǴŷҹģô䵽˶أ


557 ֮
Ǵðħˣ־ܣȻҶڿ϶ûɢҲꡣ־ûа취ֻŷҹŭĿ
ŷҹȥֻȻʵոô
÷̾ͳɾɣȻԼѡʦĲٸ档Ȼ
⻰˵ÿνطǳ֮û˵ܳɾɾͿԼ޸˭˵õԼѡҲ˵ʱ޸˭пܡ
ŷҹҲС壬ǳɾɾǸĪǲܵĻֻ˵ŮӸͶ⣬ԼһԸˣͷҲǺõġ
ãҾͳɾ֮ŷҹ˵žҪ֡
ȴʱ˶
ʦܿڣΪƷĵӶɽƷΪοݽˣ
ܽʦܵģҲûмոˡ
Щһ֮£ŷֲֻˣ֮µİ˴϶Ѿˣǳ˴顣
ţǱȡһЩһҲˣǰӦ
ʦ֣ãҶһħϸϸƷȡˡ̾ǰ
ĿҪһؿŷҹȻ֪̾˵˭ˡ
ȷҳȡˣǶڵĺôҲǲٰŷҹǺЦҿǻһɾǿߣŶΪܳɾɾҲһֹ͡
һɺԣִǳ⣬Ǹɾǿ֮ãеԪʼ֮ɾ֮¸ˣֻĳʶûУȻҪƭǶڣ
ʦһҪԶֵӣæǰŷҹȻȡƳŵҪ͸ģΪκҵƣȮҲ˳ɾɾ㹻ֵһļֵ˰ɣ
ʦֲҪţʦһǱƭ¼飬ȻħŵֶΣҪȡҶڵ˵ʦҲһԱ˵֮䣬Ѿŷҹ֡
ŷҹɱˣǲưոݵӡ
һҼõĻΪһϡ𣿳ȡôڿ˵ħˣҿħˣŷҹʱ򲻵ûʾǿƵһȥ
ԣŷҹĶ֣һƾʹƻͷҲ֪˼
ǸħͷȻҵҰħͷץŴŭ֮䣬һ֡
ȻѾָΪô೤ֵһôܵ˵ڵҲָԣǺܿľͱ˹ħˡ
ƵѾָǱ˿ڴҲһ޹ؽҪ
ȻҲɣǲһոսɶѣҲʲôķˣڴҶһҪŷҹ㡣
ҲһȻˣǲܶԷǶǴץ˵ٲԿһСķŹһħˣǿɾҪԴġ
ԭһȺ֪ΪˣҾѵһ£֪ˣ죡ŷҹſ޴նͻȻһΣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôط
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֮󣡡
ŷҹ֣ȴǴһǰûùķ˲ǹŷҹⷨһֵʱ򣬾Ȼʧȥ˷һ㣬˴֮以ɱ
顭
ϺŶǱ޴õɣԼԼ˰
ţһ𷢶ڴ󣬰СӸɱˣЩߵ˵
֣ȴǺǳһ
ֻһ֮󣬾ѾŷҹԷһ񣺡֪λҶڣΪγȡǵ
ʦ֣һħֻڼڰŷҹԵħˣһƾ˦˹
ոһУλ飬ѾûڣٺֲɣҲһͨ͸ˣһ۾Ϳŷҹûɱǵ˼ŷԼЩôȥǾԼ̫ʶȤˣл飬ղŶð¡
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ĿɾȻҲɾʵǲ֪ԪʼҪôõΪĶ
ǺǣȴùˣֻҪһʮ֮һͿԣ㿴šŷҹ˫ֽһ·ӡѸٵسȡ
˿ȴϢؽ˻ƶ֮Уųȡֻʮ֮һĳ̶ȣŷҹٰԪʼ֮һƶȥ޸ͨһ˿Ī֮á
һ˿Ԫʼ֮֮ĪڣԷ̾һ㣬ϵϢǣ̻һ㣬һԪʼ̺֮ķ֮
ܻҪѸٵأĪѾɢһ׹⣬һ㣬Ϣ֮УѾɵ֮ɾɾ
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οڣɲֻһÿһϵɽ֮¶УǶܻɾĻһӾԾеɵˡ
ȻûеɵĻǱһеɣɾ涼˸ء
λѣ֪һ˵ɾǷ˵ΪˣгͻȻʵ
˵ĵȻµΪָЩ˵ΪǱǰɾȴǱǿЩòʧġ
ǺǣֻһڣҪɾҲǸͲܵ飬㷵۷壬벽ɵľͷֻ˰벽Ϳˣʱһƾǧ֮ȴûʧȥɵԪʼ֮ͿɾɾȻǱҲʲô˶Խģõ벽ɾС
ҲǻȻոǸɾ룬ҲЩ̫һЩ
󹦷֮ĪѾӿ£ɾͻƣȻҲϲǳŷҹ֮У˸м֮顣
Īл֪ŷҹ֣˵΢΢һ¡
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ĪлŷǰĪŷҹʩ
ˣֻһ䣬ʦ˵ֻҪɾɾͿԼѡ˭ɷ򣿡ŷҹŮӵ
ҡĪ˿ŷҹתܣ֮ŷǰͣ飬͵ŷǰԸ


558 һͳǧ
Ǻǣ˵Ļͺܳװɡŷҹһӣ̰鶨ֿţûʲôɣ
¼ȻŷɣĪҲӦʣȻûʲô˵ġҲǺǺЦţӦ
Ҳ֪ŷҹ˵Ը⣬ɸûʲôЧģǸﻹҪȥأ
лǰȫŷҹл
Ҳ벻Լ֮оһˣȴԸɵԭҿʱűģûȥΥĵ飬ȻǸʦܵĻǿɾ֮ˣûڵķɾҲû绨Īʦˡ
Īֻ΢΢ף΢ߵصͷȥ
ֻһѡȻҪŷҹһУһԧ졣ԵʱֻҪŷҹԷ⣬ȻǻˣҲͲǿˡ
ŷѣ֪ǷҶסգҲþһµ֮ꡣŷҹʵ
ţҲãҾʹ˳֮Ҳԣֻһεɢ޶ѣһġŷҹ˵
ǲѾͶסһʱ䣬ҲָһЩĵǣܵõѵļ㲦治ǳġЦ
ʵŷҹΪڣͼɾѡ
ǺǡŷҹҲûж˵ֻЦһӦ
ڶס˼죬ŷҹҲ֪һЩɽΧɽʵ̫󣬽ڵΧŷԲǧķΧ
֮лиݿǲ֪˶ٱҪɽ֮˼ŮӣĿŵȥңʵ̫ˡ
ҲֻȰԼͨ޸ãʵָ۷֮㣬ȻɽԼԱ⣬͸Ҫ˵ȥˡ
ڶڵ϶һš
ţŷҹʵǿҪôӦأһǰʵ
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˵ʵžҪˡЩˡƿ˿ź͸λϣǾȻΪŷҹ̰ͼǶڣĿʵЩǳҲ̫Сŷҹ
Ŷô˵ȻãҲǽʵ
ŷҹı£ֱɱˣ˭ɵʵȻˣΪλҪѸֶıƣҿССһڣ͸ˣҲδؾͿϡ
ʦԹʵ˰ɣִʱվ˵
Ǿ˵ùˣǾǹˣֻû˵Ѵң˶ŷҹҪһأƲһ֮ˣŷҹһҶ𱨣Ҳģһãͷһ㣬ǾͲҪɱŷҹ뷨Ȼֻɱ֮ѵŷҹһɱˣ԰һľˣҲҽãǾȻ̰ͼǶڣ̫Сˡ
˵öԣǾȻһ̰ͼǵţ̫СˡŷҹͻȻ֮֮С
˶ǴһŽ編ģǵסˣҲӦǳ󷨻ǺõģȴѾˡ
ŷѣû뵽ķ֮ǿʧʧһŷҹ̾ԷΪ񣬽ڳ˵ǶȥɣպŷѾҶڵϱκ˼Ҫ̫ϳһ㹧˱ۣһɰǰ֮۴
ڳ϶ǹʾԼˣȻԸ⣬Ҳֻڳһ߳ҡ
ҲˣҿóʵûȫҪٸһսĻܾɣһЩӦ֪˵ģҶǶ⣬Ҫҵʲô򡣡ŷҹ̯˵
ȻҶ⣬ҲóƺʲôλãһЩѻ¡ŷҹǸ
ҲգڷΧ֮ڣҲǧɰɣ벻ٰѶһЩһͳǧɣŷҹʵ
һͳǧɣǸɵӣ֮ԽЩϣԼҪԸŷҹǿЩ˶ŷҹ̶ȻʶòԲŻѡ
ɾŷҹһͳǧɵʱ򣬻ǰһɲ˵ģǧﷶΧǧɢЩǱǵʵǿģһЩɣʱʱҪѶڸ沢ȥҪһͳǧɣ̸װ
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ȷɲ⡣ش
ֻܸ㣬ⲻʵֻʵһְɣΪҪķû۳ɹֻҪһɹͿٰʵһŷҹ˵
һһѾŷҹúܸˣԷȫӵĻһš
ŷҹڸ˵ʵֻʵһѷˣҲ̧־ţ֪˵ʲôˡ
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һʵҲȥǧɶɣһ˵ǧҲЩŽɻ߰벽ɸģָ֣˭Ҳ˵űʤİա
ǺǣɵȷǱȽѲҲɱģֻҪҰѷɹһʱ䣬ҲͿɱɡŷҹ˵
ɱɣӳˣǿǽɣֳǴ޽ɣǿǴ˵֮еĲ֮
˵ɿɽӵеλĻֻҪɾ˽֮λͺԵһһǵƳ屻ɷĩҲ
ǰˣȻ˵ɱɣҲ֪ĻǼٵģӶԷ֮Уȴˣֿԡ
ɱɣζţԵõǸеĶҲζţǶڿǷΧ
һ൱ջ
ƾʲôţЩҲûбͷԣҪ֪ǧɿɲһӾһͳģȥսҪǧɶ£ҲһʱǵĳҲЩһһ£ǳϻкڣ
ŷҹЦЦҿû˵ҪȥһɱսЩɣܲɱͲɱҳֲֻһ˿ʱλһҲǲ԰


559 
һɿЦɽɵģʲô뵱͵Ҳȥһ֮
ãǾͲ˵Щģֻ˵һЩǰģ˵ٵɶŶСҪ沢Ұ⼸һͳˣġŷҹЦ
ǱȽʵһЩͷȷǿõ棬ЩĶҪ׵öֻ࣬ص֮ǰϣΪʲôң
ܼ򵥣ʵǿȻˡŷҹ˵ҵӣһѩһĪұ׷ɱɢˣɱȥǵʱ򣬲ŷѾǸطɽ̫޷һ߱飬ҪȻҲװЩҶ֣˵һͳǧɣɾһӦǲѵģ֮ˣҲͷöˡ
ԭˡ
жӣΪʵǿ˴檺ܶ࣬ʧˣҲҵõѡһҲǱִš
ôŷҹʵҺĻھܵõôΪҿʲôûҪֻǰ׼һЩ㲻ԸĻҲǿ󣬱Ͼ˸־һɺŻԸġ
ȻԸ⣬ֺ¶µģŷҹæɽȴʲôҲҪֻҪûˣͬ
ŷҹǲƭ˵ģʵˣ̧ˣҲǿܵġ
룬ŷҹҪҪȡĻԼڻǲܸ⣬ͿˣֺαٸԼȦأ
һ룬˵ĻŶҲ
ţŷ˵ĻҾһˣЦһ
Ǻǣȷѡ񡣡ŷҹҲЦЦҪĲͨҪ߼һЩһȻãûеĻҪҲԣȻҪǱصĻ֮á
ص̾Ϳ˵صǶССĶҲûа
ŷҹҲˣĻǾֻٿŪˣûеĻҵķٽһĻʵͻӰˡ
ҧҧҲգȻҪһѣԾͶһģ˸ŷһȥȥһֻǲ֪ҶڵĻһġ
Ҳֻ˿˵ˣûеĻֻܰһЩŷҹҲ˵
ˣŷûʲôĻǲȥɡŷҹҪȡ
ⲻȥ̲ˣ֪ʵ϶һֱڵϣǼɣҲ֪ʲôʱͻǶ֣һǻ˵һЩһڹϷֵ׾ٵ顣
ŷҹôһΣðգʵҲǱƵ˾֮У˲òģľͻĵزˡ
ڼȻˣҲһ󷽵ˣ̾;Ҫŷҹʵ
һȻ֪ܲܰŷҹԼʵȥͨͻƶ޸һһЩƷʣһӦһЩСɣŷҹǲġ
ŷҹ˵Щöڵ󣬰˵飬ҲģϾһ˵ľʵޣŷҹ뵽ôһ취
֮УԲϵصõ䣬Ҳ
ûö೤ʱ䣬ŷҹ͸һ·ˡ
ڵĶһֱǽʱڣʵָڶһ֣ǸŷҹϤһˣȻõѡ
ǰǳ˶Ҫʲô𣿡ʵֻޣΪĪʦѾɾɣҲòˣҲԻԴǰʹá
ǵˣҲȱһŷҹЦȥ˵ɡ
붫ڲɾȫУҲҪһʱ䣬ŷҹܴƶڲ˼ǰ֮󣬾Ѿˡ
Ϊһǳأ涼ģŷҹŻƶҲ֪ؽȥΪԷһѡڳͣ¡
ǰʵ̫ˣܷԼʲôطʱ̾;ȵúϲ£ˡ
һ·ֻҪӾ͵ˣʵ˲š
ȻûʲôǴҲҪ𡣡ŷҹ
ǰǰ飬һֲֻᣬκ˶һ̾ͳŵȻǰ·ֻΣһ׵طӦý̻ᣬ̻ҲһֶģֱӶ۳ۡ
һɵĸһɢǻԵõ˱ڻɽ֮ѰһԼռҲֶ
Ȼ˵ʵҲǿԻΪԪʼ֮ɵģԪʼֻ֮ɾſյģõķ֮࣬ȡǸҪ൱ˣһҪһͻߣҲǺֿܣϾǼеģķ͸ˡ
ɽ֮йһ㶼ңֶҲɽϡ֮ɣһ˿Ԫʼ֮۶ɣΪǹ֮Ҳ˿ıʣԭʼ֮Ҳգֻ֮еԪʼ֮ȫûȥ򴿴Ԫʼ֮ӻ㡣
ҵĲϣҲƷĻ֮һżߵļֵģŻᱻΪĻҡ
һĻҪ򣿡ŷҹʵ
ʱ䣬Ҳ֪һЩɽĶļ۸飬ǲ̫
Ҳ̫Ͼ˭ҲûҲЩ
ģӦöһЩСɣǵһЩǮ֮󣬲ŻҪٷӡԼɽ֮УɵԪʼ֮ӳ㣬պҲѸ١
ܹҲֻΪÿһۣҲܵõģȻɽÿɽ¶ĻͲȱˡ
ǿֻȥ׹֪ŷҹЦ
֪飬ȥǿ϶Ҫһۣ׽綼٣οɽ硣
λҪǳ۶Ÿոһ߽̻Ĵţ̾ǰк
һǸ۷̶ȣֻܵһۻСƣɼɽʵɾֻۡ
Ҫ˵
Ļûеģλ뿴ĻԵļ۸˵ȽϸߡǷ۷ߴ·˵š
ЩҲûʲôӣĺܸߣߵÿζЩŴͣǰ˵ҲǴһԤ롣
˸ȥһֻۣһˮǽڣ͸ǵǽڣԿһӰӰ·һ߰̾е


560 
ڶ۸ٰʮҡǸ۷Ļָ˵
ٰʮ򣿡Ѿ׼ܻܸߣܻЩԲ
ϴŸңҲ򣬱ΪѾǺܲˣû뵽һôࡣ
ǰ⡭ܲòЩεؿŷҹˡ
һλΪŷҹ飬˭֪Ȼһ
޷ǾٿİɡŷҹҲû⣬ƺ֮ڡ
λʲôҪĻʱҡǸҲʶȤȥ
ҲҲͼֲˡ
ǰǵҲ˽һ룬ô죿ܻЩʵ
ǾͿ̻ﻹʲôȤĶûСŷҹЦЦȴ̻һȥ
֪ܲʲô˼ȴֻǸŹȥˡ
һǾȻһѵŷǰҪ򻭣Ȼʲô
Ҳϸȥһ;һ亹Ƿﻭһˮī񣬵ǵȥʱͷЩһһ˲ɱ
ѾɾɾɻǸоǽ֮£ȫȻûѵϣֻܹŲӵ
ԵʱֻͻȻһȣ̰ʶǻи˳
лǰ⻭⻭̾;̾ȴҲȥǻˣһ׼ĽΪǳˣֻԼҪ˵⻭ˡ
ţȷһ׽׽˹̫ǳԲŻ˳УվԹ۵λȥѧĽŷҹͷţֻһƷɣһСĿͻ˵ĶҲҹҳ˿Щˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫô˵
һҳ˵ĻӦǺŶԣŷҹȴ˵ҳˣǸ˵Ĺ
ĿСӣϷĽͼ˵µһûеڶ˸ҿ˵ʤҵġŷҹĻո˵꣬һЩ԰˳
ɾ֮ǵòǿĵģƫƫҲЩ˲Ըӣһ֣߳˸˵ƺҪѵһµСӡ
ǰǣȻ֪˭̻ˣǺõģæǰѯʡ
ϷĽһϵĽɫ˵ֵʱ˼֣ҵҪһ£˵ͼǹˣǺˣ
ĽһֻܾˣҲŵġ
Ľһ˵ڽ֮һͨɾڶ֮ǰѾﵽ˽һͨľ磬˵ģɾ֮£ڽʤģʵҲ˵ġ
۷壬ô꣬ӦҲҪ򵽽ɷ򣬹ҲҪͻˡ
ŷҹո˵Ľͼ㣬ȻǴ˶ԷѨϣ˵ʵУ˵ĽУǿɾҪͷӸŭˡ
ǺǣԭͼĻ֣Ҫʲôãŷҹʵ
ȻǸЩԽЩʶˣ򽣵֮áĽһӦ
мʶˣŷҹЦЦʲôмʶˣ
мʶûͼ˵ȴв١ĽһƺҲı¡
˵ĽͼˣҪ⽣ͼˣȻǽϲģǽ㣬ͺױ⽣ˣϽӸͲĽͼǴ￴ˣҲΪ⽣ˣȴﶪˣҲ˵ͼãǺôŷҹͼ˵
⽣ͼ˵Ҳǽ̫ֲˣ˵ģߵˣͼôϷȴǺ֪ǲ˵ֽߵأĽһƺǱŭˡ
ǲȲ̸ո㣬ͼĿľǽ̵ѧȴ˿ȫòֻһζ̺ˣҿͼҪѧҪҫԼĽжҲò˵һ乫Ľ˵ֻ㻹ùȥŷҹ仰ֱöԷס
ĵһɣȻ˵Ľֻǿùȥܲŭ
úúãϷͼѾƽĽж̺Уǳ˿ˣ޲ڣû뵽һСӣȻ˵ֻǿùȥϷ򲻵òֽһϷˣͰͼ͸㣬ĲȡĽһǶ
ϧҶĽͼûȤΪҪģŷҹƺǿɵһŶԷֻ̻ģǰӮһ˵ô
СӣӦ֪ɾҲҪ֪âȻĻһ֣֮Ľһһͼ۶ǰ֮ϵģԷ˵һĲķƷȻŭɶ
ֻ˵ʵѣСð㣬£һȥҪĶûаɣʧˡŷҹתҪߡ
šĽһŷҹߣֺ£ǿŷҹ̻ˣѾֽѵˣǿͣ˼ҲĹô˵ģȻҾ͸һ£㣬Ҫʲô
ֻһһŷҹȻ
һǶ롣
һ߶СҲ֣ˣòǮòɣתôʼһˣţİɣ
һĽһҲﶯһ£һģɲһˣҪʧˣ̻֮ʱûһǺźɣһ
ǺźɲҪȻûһǾһɣҲֻܴպһˡŷҹƺܲ˵
ǺǣôĿĽһöԷƶѣʲôŵĵӣҪȻҲ᲻֪̻ûһȻҾ͸һѣ˵ҵĽˣʤѽҾһĲȡΣ
ŶǵȻԣʼɡŷҹ˵
ţӮ˿Եõ˵ĻкϷأ㲻ΪϷֻ˰ɣĽһЦ
Ǻǣ㲢ûбʤģҪȻͲ˵ˡŷҹЦ
Ľһһ㶣漴ףԷָˣ϶ᱻԼƣʱۿʲôֻҪõģ϶óϾˡ
Ϸ£̻ƽҲΪĽһȻǿƭռıˣԴʱѶԼ˵ã˼֤ºϷŻȡĶĽһ
ãô˵ɣҪʲôŷҹԷ
ߣҲûʲôرķ˿СӣҵҪһǿʲô̶ȣҾҪһĽһ˵úҪһҪŷҹ


561 ¿ຣ
д󼱣ҪȰŷҹҪӶԼҪ
˭֪ŷҹѾЦãӮˣҾͰһ꣬һ𶼸ˣ˵ĻҪΣ
Ľһԥˡ
Ѿ֮ˡŷҹȻ
ĽһݣȷҪһ£ɲһСĿҪǧˡ
ŷҹôһ˵Ľһ̾ʹãһҲǿˡ
˵һˮıȥЩƮζм⡣
ŷҹֻǳûаν˼
ĽڣĽһȻռֱˣʡñ˵۸ˣ߾Ƿֹŷҹҽڡ
ʱȻͻῴˡŷҹ
øޱߵСӡĽһЦһն˹ȥ
ԼɾԹˡ
Ӱ
һն֮һƬ֣ŷҹУΧأ棬ǻá
ŷҹȴҲֻǱĿ˿һС
ĽһЦֻΪ⽣ӰһУǿɾʹشˣֻһѣɱоⲻ֪֮УϢطˡ
ں֮У˭Ҳֱ治һǴնġ

ڽеŷҹʱԷȻһתָ죬һָĽϡ
ֻһָ֮ĽӰ̾ɢһգΧֱ֮ǰ֮Уʲôûз
ΣĽҪʩչ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ĽһԼеıٿŷҹָԷȻûгѾˣĽУʵЩ˲ɽܡ
˵˵ǱȽȴûýʲôȽĽһǿʶ
˵ҪҰνٸһˣŷҹʵ
ǡĽһҲЩΣոЩģֻҪýشң˫ַϡ
ܺáŷҹܵһѽãٻ㡣
æͰԼĽó˵ոЩŷҹĻȫֹǸˣŷҹʤҿʤúɣûгѾӮˣĻǸĽһûл·ˡ
ҲﺧȻŷҹǰʲôȻǵĵһɶôɵشܣǿЩˡ
ŷҹӹܵݹһѽǽһƷĽҲòȥɼⶫҲȷûʲôõķ
ɣһˣҲһȥŷҹ˵ѾԼĶˡ
˽һ
ĽһҲûС֮ģһóԽ˽һ
˺ͽΪһƵģѽԴﵽĵز۶ԷĽжеȱҲᱩ¶С
˽һ𣿡ŷҹȻЦһ£Ǿ㿴һУຣޱߣ
ŷҹĳƾһ޼ʵĺˣ˲ͰĽһûС
Ľһ˽һȻѾﵽ˲͵ĳ̶ȣŷҹĽȴ̫ǿǿĽһ˵һƬޱߵĿຣ
ຣ֮пȫÿһԴûãЩڱ֮󣬻ڶԷĽ֮ûгΪƵģֻŷҹڶ֮Уڶལ֮еһѡ
Ľһһڴ֮еһôʼնߣǿຣޱ߰
Ľһ뵽һеʱʱȫһ亹
ຣޱߣⲻǶһţຣʽ𣿾Ȼǿຣţ
ĽһһƬɬȻǲҸຣа壬Ǽֱ
䣡֮ͨ̾һѽһա
ŷҹĿຣҲ֮һգûгֹһ
͵͸µġĽһЩѵ˵µĿຣޱߣȷǾ˫
ûеԷݣΪຣŵӼȻԼûбǾ˵Ҫ¶˵˷ԷĲ
ǾͶлˣŷҹҲȻ
ףԭŷҹ֪ԼҲԲŻȥŭĽһΪľǴôһԼڿɺһöҶûлǵõ
ǰǽ׼ʵ
ǺǣЩʡ㵹ǿԸĪЩóҲҵǮˡŷҹָ׷ŮѾӦ㣬ҲҪõĲźã򣬾֧䣬ȥЩŮõĶɡ
лǰˡǸмԸӣĪʦ֮飬Ѿǰģڸǣǲ֪ôرǰźá
ЩС£˵һΣһرպǶ󼸱ʱĽᡣŷҹ˵ĵģֻҪ֧֣ΪҲʲô¡
ǶҲһԡ
˵ţѾ뿪̻ᣬȥĴιȥˡ
ĽһʱͻȻ뵽һ飬ຣŵôͻȻ֮һҪҪ֪ຣſǶݵĴɣͲ䵽ȥĵز
ԣΣĽһ˼תĪ͵ѧ˿ຣŵľѧ
һ֮̾ˣһŷҹˣһȥ֪ͨ˳˵ǳһʹÿຣޱߣֲǿຣŵӵĿ
ĽһҲˣҲЩ飬һΰ㱨ȥȻȥ˵ʲôԵĻȻǲ֣ܹŷҹ˸ˡ
СӣװҪôĽһ޺޵
ŷҹһ·й䣬ȴ󲿷ֶɢڻƶŻƶķͨ޸
˭ͨ˿ƶҪСķѵ֮࣬ȴŷҹûа취ģķ˽һԪʼ֮ŰҲ޸ϡ
Ϊ޸ԭȻҲûзһֱڰй۲ǡ

ŷҹ޸ͨһԼʵҲǸ֮ǰˡ
ϵ޸󷨱֮Ѿ΢΢飬ǴʱٸڵЩųǹУһܰѶԷ˺ɨˡ
ΪɾҲֻǺڳ̶ȣҪĻĿǰĳ̶ȿǰһҲ֪
һ˴ɾɾӦҲ㹻ˣôԪʼ֮ĻǾ̫һЩˡ
һҪɾҲҪɷ򣬶Ҳûĸɣһֻһרգʵ̫˷ˡ
һһѾܳƵеˣһģ񶫻ڵСɣŶֻмѡ
֮ǰֶƲֻżȻµһۼ
ֶһЩɢ޵ʿ˵Ҳһҵõ
ŷҹҪǰߣͻȻּ˶ǵǰ


562 ŷ
һǰŷҹһǳӳλúܣΪĪ⣬λһ𣬲֪λǲǷ㣿
ܳһôֳֶóˡ
һתѾף϶ǸĽһ֮󲻷Բ֪ڳǰ˵ʲôˣŻóע⵽
Ŷ룬Ȼ˼ȥҪ£ҪԸǵʱȥݷóɡŷҹҲ֪Щ߲ơ
ڵΪ˵ҲͣҪ˵ַ꣬ǻǲġ
ܳɾͽΪǻǿԵģǽôףҲûнɷĶԲ
ɷ򣿡ŷҹͻȻһ
ǵ֮ǰ磬Ǹɱ˱ըʱƶ˲ٵʱֻΪԱûҪ룬ǹɻڻƶӦҲнɷİɣ
뵽ʱŷҹ̾Ͷȥһ֮£ⷨȻɻҪӸ߼һ㣬ѵ򣿹ֲõʱûԭԼʵ㣬ƶƷҲв
λ֪ﲢûʲôҪ£ĿǰҲǺƽλǸȥһ˰ɣȻЩҲЩΪѡǸӳ˵
Ȼ룬ǷѾЩвζˣȥȥ󶼻ᱻߡ
ŷҹӳҲڵΪǴĻʮӳҲĶ֣ЩΪУ˵ڵʵǰĻûҪôƺ
ûְյʱ򣬻ǲЩΪá
ȻˣǾ͸ȥһ˰ɡŷҹͷ˵
ԷǴӶģѾˣǲȥһ϶ҪԶڶˣΪԼǣ˶ڡ
Ȼ˵Ҳ˵ǺĹϵԼʲôҲûֻΪ˸Լ˾͸˻£ǾԼˣʲôôûеõһͻⲻȥˡ
ҲǽţȻѾɾɣɵľɲʹûЩɾΪô˵ǸˣѾ벽ɣϾҪɾͽɴˡ
ǶôһУǿûа취ȥˡ
ֻһ벽ɣ߻㹻˶£ǶԷݿǵĳɵ۴˷ģܹɱҲȻɵ۵ŭɲһܳܵġ
һ·սսʱ̶Ҫô죬ǵͷҲһⶼûУΪԷǳʵǵλǲݺġ
ԷľͶгɼĻټǸĽһͼӴףɾͻˡ
ŷҹҲû˵Щһ·ȥʱȴڰذѸոûĶһĶ϶뵽ƶ֮ڡ
ʲô£ʵϣຣһսʱѾ֪ɽ磬Ǳ绹ҪΣա
һαȥ˵Ѿ¶ˡ
ոԷȽҲǲѶΪ֮ɽ֮ʲôҲûУҪõֻһЩ취ˡ
ȻҪǮңȻһ򲻵Ҳû뵽ģֻܱƵǸĽһģýӮԷ
Ѿ㹻СģʱõǴӿຣŵĶսʱһпຣޱߣֻýʩչƷطʩչһֹأһ
û뵽˶Էע⣬ⶫԺҪΪãȻ
ҪƶٽһҲ֪ǲǹãҲֻ̫࣬ҪǹɰͬҲŽˣǾ㹻ˡ
һûκεһжҪԼʵȡ
λǣǽȥɡӳ˿
ŷҹͷһ߶ڼӽǶ
Ųһ߽ĴԺֻ֮õһòӢˣĽۣȥһˣһ֮
߷ҲŲˣΪ׵һһףĿ࣬һƤףȥ粻·ˣҲɺΪе۷壬ȴÿ˶ǻΪףû˭Ǹ˵ķͷ
ЩŷҹһˣǸոոģԼģǵһĽһ
òĿ⣬ŷҹȥ
ŷҹûᣬһĽһѾǹؼˣؼǸеˣ̧ۿȥֻϵϢЩϤķԼܸо˿˿ѹ
ȻЩŷҹﰵ
λǸһпຣޱߣȽʤĽŷҹɣеǸЦ˵
λǵĳŷҹǹʵ
ǺǣҲǸЦЦ˵
Ŷŷҹһ£̾ˣ˲ǳǳ϶һ׺ˣǳȴλϣȻλҪ磬֪ôƺ
ǿຣŵӣŷ塣˵ʱ򣬰ѿຣҧһЩƺŷҹʲô
ԭŷӣǾŷҹ˵ſ׻˵ˣǾԼȥɡ
ǺǣҿŷҹĽʤĽԹӢ۳֪꣬ĽʦкźɣŷҹЦЦؿŷҹǿຣУҲһпຣޱߣĽ˵оŷҹһЩƣ֪֮ûʲôԨԴ
ҲһɺϰɣǺǣһҲһص˴ڣҲ֪ʦкţֻ˵ѧϰûиɣһΪҲǶλֻͣʲôҲûиңЩֻһɢ޶ѡŷҹӦ
Ҳ˼ţŷҹʲôݣΪ˵һɢޣϲôԼڿΪһźͳǣһ϶Ķ֣ɢʲôʱǿ̶ֳȣ
Ǻǣԭˣ˵Ǹصˣȷǿຣŵĵӡŷ̾Ҽǵһʦ֣ǰʱ;ϲĴεͽǴЩʲôˣгˣٵһ죬ͻȥջڡ
ǺǣҲֻһɺϰɡŷҹ뵱ʦĽడ
ռıˣǿûŶ
Щŵӣѧ֮ʦȴδضҵûЩҪôˣҪôѾߵ֪ʲôطҪһҲˡŷЦŷҹҿʲΪʦΣ
ŷҪͽܣĺ£ŷҹͲԥˣǰݼʦôһʦպɾͽɹλ֮жпܵģ˻᲻գʵ̫˷ˡǸӵ˵


563 
ŷҹ㻹°ŷΪʦһĽһҲԱ߸ߥޡ
ŷҹȻһЦ˼ĿǰûаκΪʦĴ㡣
ŶôļӰÿຣŵŷӶŷҹΪԼʲôĽһʵССĶڣʲôʱôˣĪǶڣҪຣſⲻɣ
ŷҹĽһֻ۾ҿຣˣҲ˵ˣǿຣŵˣҪٰݱŵʦѵԣҾڿຣţҲûаκΪʦʦ飬ʲôʱֵָӣ˵ŷҪͽܵ飬һҪ׼У
ŷҹӣҾû˼ʵ֣һܾͽ飬ҿǸĽŵӣֻпôߵĽ裬ôýݻຣޱߣĽһһŷҹһӾ
ϻǺܷɣû˿ı仯ǱȽԼ䲻ھͿ԰㣬ĵһɣҿҲһС˶ѣܸ֮ͰٰݺңΪ㵱ǽµһŷӸȽӮ֮ǲҲҪôڮСˣ㣬ʵ˾õ˳ļ۰
ⴿǺ˵˵Ľһ̾ͷ
ŷȴһ̧֣˵۸ֹͣλҪˣҲһС£ҪΪЩôҲ죬ŷҹȷǳһĽôһʣҲûеģɣŷҹ㲻ԸΪʦҲ˵ʲô˷ֹǽŵһؿຣһˣʱһȻһ
ຣţǺǣҵҪһ£ΪҪȥຣţֻΪҵĽĽһһЩɽ֮ĽһĽҲ㲻̫ܱȵùҲʲô°ɣȥຣֻ֤ɲ̫ܳɣŷҹЩЦʵŷӣʲô㲻ֱ˵̸ȥδֻ˷ʱѡ
ŷҹȻ˵㽣ĽʤһİҵߣΪҵĻԸĻԺҾ͸һǿǿຣޱߵ飬ҾͰѹ㲻ԸĻֻð͵ຣţǲǸŵӣҿຣŵĹ͵ѧȥŷǫ͵Цݣȴ˵һǫ͵Ļ
ŷҹɫҲЩ߲ƣ߲ҪȥȻҲóֱȵֶΡ
û뵽ǣຣ൱λһרΪŶģɽﾹȻҲſຣţⶫݵĵһţԼĸߣò˶ãıԼǽŵĵˡ
ʱٸߵĽҲסɽĿຣˡ
һǲˣѾ˼ƽϣȴֳԥ֮ɫڿŷ顣
ŷڿຣУҲһһţܸŷӣպǰ;Ȼǲģ⻹ʲôԥģλҲһ߶Ȱš
ҽ붫ڣĿҲΪΪҪһߵľȥŷҹͻȻ˵ŷһĻҾԸӴ˸ŷˡŷҹ۾
ѾҪùˣǻƶǲһЩŷҹʱʮҪ֧֣ǾŶԷҪ
һһǲھ͸Ļֻ㷴˸ô죿ŷҲôƭˡ
ǺǣǴӶ߳ģˣǾܰѶڸ˾ǣڶҲĻǾ͵Լõùɡŷҹ˵
仰һ˵ѶҲȥˣŵһ亹
ŷҹõ˶֮ƨˣڿɾ
ʱ˵ŷҹǶûйϵҲ˵ģΪŷҹǴӶڸһģʱŷҹһǶ֤ݡ㲻㹻֤Ƕڶˣһ£©ȫ
ŷҹȥʵЩţŷҹ飬˵֮ǰŷҹҲǺİΪʲôͻȻ֣֮
˵Ϊ˵ֻһһǸŷӻô˵ɡ
ֻһСŷҹΪһʵ˵Ĳʵ̫̫󣬸Ͳһһ
ãȻе˵ҾͰѶ㣬⣬ٴһΪ鵤һ£ǿ°빦ġŷʮֺĵ˵
ǾͶлŷˣŷҹһ֣鵤ӹ̾ͷȥ
ܸӾģֶһͲʲôõҩ϶ǶԷҪŷҹŻԣŷҹǿһȥ
Ը˰ɣŷҹʵ
ǺǣҲ޷ŷŷҹ鵤̾ЦŰѶ˳
ŷҹһ־ͰҲǶ
Ľһ֪ŷҹѾˣ˵ķԳɿռ䲻СҲҪˣû뵽Ȼװ£ҿӣŷҹƺһԼĿռ䲻ãĿռǲСһǷ˵׼֮ǰܴӮԼҲ˷ֻԼѡ
ɽһЩܽøģַֻ൱ĽһҲûп
ڿ˿ŷӣȴЦЦŷӣյϿһķԳɿռǳ֮󣬲óҲüʶһ¡
Ŷŷҹķ𣿡ŷ֪϶ģȴʵ
ûСŷҹȫŻƶֻ򵥵ػش֡
һɺԣ÷װȥôӴԳɿռ䣬Ȼ˵ԼûзⲻԼ𣿡ĽһŭĿŷҹȥ
ܱǸû˵ӣҲҪŷҹ˻ش
ŷҹΪҵĳ̶ֳ˵Ҿˣһ㣬ϣһЩ˹ͣһ㽱з˴ҲԶ𷣡ŷӿº͵˵
Ǻǣŷһ֮ˣҿūţһٱ飬ǵڰĽһЦ
ĽЦˣŷҹӦɢʱˣЩ̫ãպҪλúõĹ̵ܽ̽ŷʹ˸ɫ
Ǻǣ̵ֲʶСӣ֣ŷҹ£ҵƣһΣҾƤܿࡣĽһЦŷҹ
ŷҹȥɣĽҲǵĵһɣڸҵĿˣȥƣ֮ǰɣⱾԼ˵飬ȡŷҩʱѾˣŷҹ˵


564 ܽһ
ǺǣԸķ䣬Ȼվ˶עӦ䶼䲻ҲͲ䵱ʲôǵĵһˡŷҹ˵
øŷҹĽһ˴ŭŷһֵŷӣҲҪֻˣһ𱰴С֣ĻҲҲȷҪѵһ²ˡ
ŷҹ̫ʶ壬Ӵ֮˵Ļ˵죬аΥ֪ŷŷҹ˵
ǺǣֻϧѾˣھҲòˡŷҹӦȥҲûвŷӡ
ˣôϣ㵱Щ˶ɵ𣿡Ľһһȫʲô鶼ɣҪϣҲҪһصʱ䡣
ŷҹȻ˵ڲһʱʱѾˣ˭ţ
ڽڲŷӵĺСӵȷҪúùܽһ£ҲŷӣΪֲˣҲŭһ
װķóٰԾеĿͷĽһš
Ľһʸò㲻ҵĶְɣŷҹ
ŷҹĽҵĿˣٶҿɾҪԶͷˡŷһεؾš
ǺðɡŷҹЭˣȻǶҪҾǿװķûܲʲôɡ
ŷҹ˵ţһӣ˻ƶⶦȥֻƱôСȫûб仯ɴ󶦵ӣҲʲô
أĽһʵ
ڵΪԼŷʹҪŷҹ
ǼٵģܹûȥĻȻһٸԸ⡣
Ͼ̻ҲģֻһѣʧҪԼȥȱġ
͸˵ѾùˣոŷһҲһǿŷҹٴλ֣Ȼʾ˳һֻʣС
ŷҲһ򣬲Ÿո˵˼仰ĹŷҹѾ͵һ룬ʲôˣǰôȥģ
ʵҲûд͸ŷҹֻǵŸոոԵĵҩãȸֻҪ֮ԺʲôԼġ
˭һʧŷҹȻô࣬ʵû뵽
ˣҲûа취ܲŷҹٸ³ɡ
һǿ϶ģǾ˵Ԫʼ֮ԲŷҹԼˣŷҹôԪʼ֮ĻҪˣûнɷҲܳɾͰ벽ɵĴܣŷҹϵϢһûб䡣
ֻ˵һ飬ŷҹЩԪʼ֮Ǳһˣ϶ǼƷ֮еļƷŷҹôͰô࣬϶ҲŷĹͣȻһǲܵġ
ûйϵֻҪڣǾͲԼķùһôԪʼ֮ķ϶Ҫӱöࡣ
ŷҹԪʼ֮ļŷʵ
ǰһˡŷҹʵػش𣬡ֻƶѾ˺ֻܶϧһֱܽ
ŷҹ˵ţһ߰ʣСҲһԶ뵽ֻƶ֮УѾоˣƶǲȫҲѾ˽ıԵϡ
ȻСĶȥ֮󣬻ƶȻð˳Ľ⣬ǵؼɵװ
ãŷһдϲǺöպԼˣȻģպһдô
ŷҹⷨŷӸܽƷ㻹ⷨһ׸ŷ𣿡Ľһʧʱشŷҹ˳ٷһŷ塣
ƺǸû̫Ĺϵŷҹǵؿ
ϲط֣һŽɷѾɶˣԴŵЩҲһƶУյԼڡ
ĽһҲЦ㻹ûҵԼλãŷӣҿŷҹ㲻һԶҲ֪ʲô𱰡
Ǻǣ鷳λúҹܽһˡŷƺǲôģһ仰ȴˣŷҹֵȨ
ҲãˣǾһŷӣúʰһʡŷҲ˲£ʧǵӡĽһԼһǲҶֵģ֪ŷҹǾ˳һ֣Ȼʮþȵġ
ҲãҾ͸һ֣һĽһҪСһЩҪһģʱɾ˷ŷӵһŵҩˡЦ
ȻֻǽѵһĽһЦŷҹĿҲƺϷʡ
ŷҹ˹УҲı£һ㲻ɱ֣λκεʧҾΨʡŷ⵭ŷҹսȥ
ܳɱ֣һ˵Է˶Ǹ֣ⲻҪ
һҪùˣǸŷҪŷҹУźշŷҹҲǣȻͳǸŷĵҩھҪ˶˰ɡ
Ϊһŷҹ־ǲǰ
һΪŷҹоϧ⻹һҪŶշǧŵ
ŷҹǰΪԼˣͲһء
ŷҹŷĻֻЦЦİɣһ𣬻ֵʲôɱﵡ
øСӣĽһǼʶŷҹĿǳûУһ֮̾ŭǳҪ̾ͰСӸնɱˡ
ˣҪСһЩСӵĽЩŵģҲᱻŷ幫ӿСĽһЩŭˣ̾ѵ
һҪСģҲѣ˿ŷˣҪһɱˣҲŷˡ
ŷڿŷҹ̫ģôƵģǶŷҹģҪ˵֣ȥŷҹշһ¡
ֻշɲɱɱˣԼȥһŷҹһˣȥŷȥǿŷ廨һ£һ˰
ҪҪзִ磬յúòУղõĻɾͱ˻ˡ
Ľһ־ԼľУ콵ǳˮһŷҹΧ֪ڽһ棬ŷҹϤģ̶ֳȵΧԷȻǾԴﲻɱԷĳ̶ȡ
ҪľЧֻöԷоԼȴʩɱ֣óݳ֣ŷҹѹһ¡
ƣŷҹŶԷǵضĽ⣬һţֻǵ˵һ֣һ³ʡ


565 ѹ
ĽһСŷҹĽʱŷҹ˵ĽͼЩŷҹǹڼŭʵѾԼԼһСģӮġ
ʱŷҹǸ˽ģɼͨӦòǽţԼʱֻһʱʧ֣ǴսŷҹҲδؾĶ֡
Ǹոŷҹͨһʣ̾ͷԼˣŷҹĽƺǱĽʤһٱǰѽûи֮֮ܵɱ֮֮
֮һѺýӦӵеϢҪһѽֳһ
Ž־ŰѣŷҹѾѴ˵еľŽ߽߽Ϊһ¯֮Уͨ
ͨǼ߽ŵϢһĽ˵ѹ㹻öԷĽ޷ʵ
ĽһҲǽ֣̾͸оŷҹϵֱ仯ʱ֪ŷҹǲͨҲûר޽ֻǵʱΣȻ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬵Ǵ˿̶ԷѾſΣҲ±һ
˵ʱŷҹֻܻĽһڵŷҹĽһԷֻҪһ˽ƣȡߣ
뷨һĽһ˲ý˼֡
ãеǰȻҡսľģһõͷ
ӰµӰһʼնͷϲߣ֪ŷҹʲôħԼǶռˡ
ʵֻΪԭĽͨŷҹͨѹţҲ൱ϣĽһҲʤŷҹ
ﲻĽһڶԵУһ˵ĻѾͶˣζʵ̫ˣһսûУֻΪԷһ½̫ˡ
ҲǾţȵŷҹʵȻǿֲڽ϶ʤǸĽһһҲҪСĶԴ
ֻûĽһѹȻҲĽһı飬ֻǶԷΪ֮ǰİܼԶŷҹ˹ֵļɵѣû̫ࡣ
ĽһĽһ͵ʱûóһϣƽƽǰȥһ޴ĳӰһ֮䣬Ӻʮӡ˳ȥ
ǡ
ŷҹ˿һӰҲ΢΢ЩȣӴĹһʩչȴǷҵѹ֮
֮޿еһеĵкܶʿǺٸϵЩȻ˽ɽ׽ﶼģҲӦǲŶԣû뵽˾ȻǷŵһƵġ
ԣȻһϵѹУһЩħ֮ģЧ
һЩ־ʿѹҲŲСŷҹɲһ־ʿнһһ·϶ԼնȻɽ磬ǱƵһ·ϼᶨģѾ˸ˡ
ŵӣһ־ᶨǾͲ䵱ŵӡ
ŷҹǣպϣǵԵʱŷҹ״˵ŷҹҲΪǸʱԼȷǺܴպϣ൱պϵһŵӣǾܴպϵˣʵ׽Ҳǲҵġ
ѹķ⣬ޱߵŷҹĶֻҪ̾ҪеĽ£ΪԷͽ
ǾھʱһХͻʡ
ŷҹĽ𣬸ոһķ⣬Լ˷һ񻰣ŷҹĽһ̾Ͱһն룬ʲô⣬ʲô󳪣ͨͨǸƣŷҹֻŷҹ˵ֻʣ˽⣬Ľ⡣
⽣ѾǵʱĽһʩչģЩŷҹ֮ͨǰֱһСڹҼһ
¶±Ƚϣ㲻ʶֻҪŸõĶڳʱ򣬻һ۾Ϳٸߵ͵ġ
ڵĽĽһĽʩչʱ򣬾ҲΪ˵ĽһŷҹĽ찡ĽһֱǸ
ŷҹĽһӰĽһԷҲûз֮һãĽһ̾͵ɳȥڵϣޱǱ
Ҳ㹻ҵˣŷҹոհѽⶼͣһ֮ͨУ˽ڶˡ
ڳһѹҲǱŷҹƵҲڣصؿŷҹڿŻҪҪٶһ
ô˻ûоˣĪǻҪָУŷҹǰһЦʵ
ٶֵȻֻһ˶ˣΪĽһѾɵһһٶֵҲûˡ
ε飬㹻һӰԺٿŷҹʱҲԷһս
ҪǸոһѹʵ̫ˣȫԷ
ĽҲȷͨԹ۵˶ܸоԼĽ֮ԷǲԶǿɲһľ룬ҲǶŬһֲģǾһǵһʯͷ֮һɽֲ㹻η
ԷֻǱǿһܹŬڴгһܹܶԷǵ㿴ŬһӣҲ̶ֳȵΪʱĵ𣬶ʿ˵ɱС
ոһǸŷӣԲûʩչһΣҵԼķŷҹķԿһŵĹǿЦ
Ǻǣ˵Ŷ徻еˣôһ˳ģȻôʤŵĹѧòҪʤңķ̫ܰŷҹ˵
ǿδأ˵ģǻ¼°ɡ֮䣬ҲһһԵõĽ
ǷõĶɣ
ŷҹһֻ𲧣׽棬ʦõǼ
𲧵ײ¶һɫ֣ȥҲȷǼĶȻ¶ֽɫ
ƶҲ˽ģŷҹûͨ
ոհͨóһչʾԼʵǶԸĽһͨЧ
ȻֻҪͨһԷĽΪ½һΣʰŷҹûлκεֻһˡ
ִܻǺдԵģǶĽһڹսˣҲһá
ڿҲһսˣһвУȻԼһҲҪǰԼһսԼʰˣǲưոˡ
ŷҹҲǼһȻɵ۲⣬ʵֻһͷѣ׽֮УֻҪŹٷϵͳˣһ
ȴһŷǿຣŵˣຣȻţɽҲɵ·һٷȫںϵģһ˵ŷԵŷһҪλϣضԴԷ
ŷҪʰŷҹʱһɣ̾˵Ļŷ϶ˣܲµԷ˼Ķˡ


566 ʹ
ڿһȦȦתţÿתһȦͺһӡǶתûգ֮䣬ѾƮ£ŷҹİΧҪѹס
ŷҹжƺҲܵһЩӰ죬ҲߣÿһҪóŬһ
ŷҹǿѹ֮ȥҾκ㲻ˣƺǲƵõˡЦ
ŷҹȴǲΪȻֻ˷ѣҵķɻûأý۸㣬ɣ㿴ҵĶĲ˭ĸӲһ
ȷ˭ĸӲҲˡ
ŷҹĻƶҹһͻĽǾһ£̾Դ
ƶûκεǰЩʲôħ谡֮󰡣ͨͨûãֻص˹ȥһ˹ȥ
Ұһʱ䶼еûзӦ
ʱƶѾæŽӭȥ
ۡ
󷨱ײһƺһ˶˶һֱûжɫŷӶüͷ
⡭
ײȫͣˣ
һЩΪ͵ˣѾڵϱԣΪߵģһЩ۷壬ҲǸоһͷζֻӾԼĶһ
ˣﲻ̫ʺϰǲǴƽֺ𣿡ŷҹͣ
ͨһڵϣٿĽ𲧣ﻹܿóһǾһһ鱻ҵúȳƵıһɫı
ƽ֣һԼĽŶǽ𲧣ƽ־ƽְɣ̵ģ֪Ͳŷҹƴˣô¶ѷˣƽ֣
ⷨˣҲֻǴԼĶʣ˭ԼҪȥԷƴأ
ʵϣҲֻеһµʱǸԷһ£Ȼӵڶ¿ʼȫŷҹŴ󴸣ڶķй
ҲҪý𲧶㿪ǶԷĻƶ̫ҲͳҹסԷһ£Ǹܶס
һҲȥðա
ŷҹķȷҲǳһ㣬ҲаĽ𲧶ˣ˵ǾǴԼأķӦŷʹòŸʰ
ŷأ⻰ȻҲǴĦŶԷ˼ߡ
ȻˣԼܱ䣬ǸĽһǼһֻһڶʧǵӣʲôǵһɣҲһͰѣֻһоͱӣעҲɲʲô¡
ҲԩĽһƽһУҲ̫ĲϾ±ΪߵˣûУһкܶ࣬£ýϵѹһжҳĵزǼҵġ
ĥԼӰڵĽһŷҹǶӣѾǲ׵ˡ
ַǿ׸ŷӣǹڿຣеʵͻǿպŷӵλˣһ֮ĵλȻҲˮǴߣǺǣֺ£οķ׸ŷӣ
ǣΪ־ûУ˶ŷӵģοǷ
ΪŷҹΣյʱǰԼȥҲҪȥŷӣʧְʱຣҲ㴦һʱܸŷӶһرϣҲǶԼһرϰ
ҿֻֻǰѽҲһõôĽŷһѽţǰѱҲ׸ӣӦ顣
ŷҹ֣ڵʲô
ĽһȻ˵ˣȴŲٵɾҲ֪ĸɵţݼŷġ
ʱһڣҶǸţŷҹԼķ׳ŷ塣
ŷֻۿţҪŷҹҪô
ŷҹȴǵȻЦˣλҵķһƷֶôܸŷãҿλӦöһţ˵ǵûʲô֮֮ģǲ̫ţһһ׸ô

һȺ˶ǳ֮ȻУĸûһԴеı˵䲻Ļ̶ֳܰȵģǶһĴڣǵҲŰ벽ɵĴܣû֮ҲҪһš
⻰Цʮˣûм֮ԼĿʦµģ󲿷ֶǿʱ򣬴ӱĳӶġ
ЩԴӽǵ֮ȻͱǵӡĵӳϣҲΪǶԼĿʦһµģûⶫʵġ
Щ֪ģķҲǷŵţ͸ˣҲ᲻õġ
ŷҹ飬ڽǸŵľ
ĶҪҪǵͷⰡ
˸λķ֮ŷڿຣеʵͻٴŷܵһ֮ʱ򣬴ҶˮǴߣôеǣԴʲôÿǵģԼ֮׳ɣŷҹ΢Ц˵
ãǰѸո˵Ļָԭһݶ
һʱҶеĬոյĻһӾûˡ
԰ո˵ʲôţӦŷҹѷó׸ŷӰô˵Լ֮ˣ
ˡŷͻȻڣŷҹΪҵ㾹ȻԹʵǲӦãҲû˵ķݶڣ͸ĽֻѳĽ𲧴򻵣ͰѶ͸ǰѽĽҲǼϲģ͸Ľɡ
ĽһжȻðһ⣬ոձŷҹģѾðȥ
ԣǰѽֻҪõǰѽһ԰ŷҹܣؼڽϣôû뵽أ
һ̣Ľһŷҹľ콣ˣֻҲһѽͲϵѹֻҪûѹԼĽͻʩչøãﵽŷҹĳ̶ȣʤһҲûпܵġ
ǫһ£ûĽһôΪ֪ŷҲҪ֮ô˵ֻ̽һ˵ķӦ
ԼĺܲʶȤĻʲôôòһҪѪԷݿͷ찡
лŷӵĺ⣬˹صķҲǲʹãǹ͸ҵĻҾת͸ӰɣҲҵһ⡣˵
ŷʮųͷ̫ˣȻô˵ⶦҾˡ
ĽһҲʶһ㣬˵һĻʱȴԥˣҲֻǴＷĸ֣лӣ
лҪһѽ
ЩؿĽһһĿǳѵŷӿ۾


567 Ÿͷ
ⲻڸŷҹˣڸŷĶкùӳǲ֪һô쵽ڲġ
ԶҲ޷⣬ĽһһѽҪѾԽУΪһѽпͻƣûһѽĻ˵ͻƣպûٸһ˵Ⱑ
ǺǡŷӺܿЦЦ˭Цеưŷҹ͹ҪָĽ͹ȥ
֣Ҫɱ
ö˶ôš
ոǻŷҹһȴģʵһĽһ
ʲôƨĵһɣǴûȤȥҲҪûˣΪŷһСҲͿҪͷˡ
˼ֻѽʦҵĶ뿪뿪ҵ֣Ǿһ죬Ƚ⣬빫Ӽ£ŷҹػӦţΪʤЩӦõĻǾͲӦøұȣǲô˵ҲԸ⳥һ˸ʮΣ

һξԼˣǸĲĽһŷҹĽһֻһʱ̰ŷҹǷŸͷ
ʮңǴҪأ
ֻǸĽһҲˣոճѾ˵ҪǸ͸ǳ͸ŷˣô˵ʮҾǸŷӵģҲ赽ŷӣⲻǷŸͷ
ŷҹ󵨣Ȼŷӣһ֮ˣڹӵߣҲֻպĻŷӣͳСӣȡ̾ŷʾ
ŷҹŴθᣬû뵽ڤ粻飬һδΥ汾ӵ⣬ǲˡҲգӽͳ㣬µʿҿຣΪУӵĹʲôŷҲѵ
һĹ㻹浱ԼҵˣŷҹŶԷЦŵӣʲôʱһȥ˵ģֻнΪãĲЦ㾹ȻΪǿЦ⣬лһһûƶһνأЩ֮Ҳûа취ء
ŷҹ˵֮һ̾һɾ޴ѾǸոǸոճɾɾϢһ۷壬ǰ벽ɵϢֻ벽ܳɾͽɰ
벽ɣвٵŶǱһ£ǵΪҲ۷ѣȻڶŰ벽ɵϹŶǶŵ̫ϳϣʱȴûܸŷҹġ
۷벽ֻǰ벽֮ң֮ĲȴԶǰ벽ȻҲǴŽ֣һĽɣ̧֮벽ɡ
벽ΣŷҹĪΪһ벽ɵΪܹӳӵ𣿡ŷȴǹЦ֪ǽӵɽĵӣ㾹ȻֶûиģǴ󵨣ӲҪһ¶ѣȻԼˣǾͿѷһһȻǽŵӣҲһЩɾɲգΪƾֶΣͿԸΪ𣿡
ǺǣҪңҪ轣ŵӵģֻǲֻһǿຣһģɽĴɣȴһҪȥٳһ겻ĿຣţרžΪ˶Ըҽţҿ֮ôѣܴһֶǿຣŹɵİɣŷҹҲǸո뵽һ㡣
ຣűɽĴɣȴṳ̂㵽ɽ˵֮䲻ʲôԹһ˵ǽҲǴɽ磬ֻ֪ɽһУǵ˽ֶѣһɵĶûС
˵ӶžޣܳŶԣƫƫˣ綼ΪУ˵Ȼγɵģŷҹеš
ԭ򣬿϶ڱܳʸɳֵģ𰸿ֻôһˡ
ħ֮࣬ΪʲôЩħǴĶһħ֮ΪǣҲ˰ֹñ˶Լһȥ
ħĲߣǽţΪŵԳħΪΣЩħҲǽŵӣɹѽһ綼ݵĴڡ
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ŷҹҲò̾һ£ຣſɷѿģŷҲ֪ЩȴܸܵຣǽŵͷҿⲻһĳԹ֮а
ΣΣһĽŵӣվҪҵˣҲǺѰһѣû뵽Ȼ˳õŵӣǴŷЦţҲһϱеǰѽҪ֮⣬ֻҲҵˣҵʵȻԺڿຣеĵһžˡ
ܷʵܹǸУ̫ˡŷҹҲǴЦôҲҪץסҲУ
ߣΪɱ㣿㲻һ벽ɶѣΪӵΪ𣿡ŷվϢҲ̾ͱǿ
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֮ǰѾԼоŷΪǰ벽ɣΪѹ֮У͸¶ôһζֱڲȷΪһûڸǵر¶˳
λһɱŵӣɱ֮󣬱Ӷʹͣŷ˵ţѾһŷҹȥ
̺֮ǵصĻ棬һӾŷҹȥͬǱܵҲС
֮ǰһֱû˵ŷҹǽŵӵʱҲǾһ£飬ȻǺҲԼ˵ຣŸЩ͵ģû뵽ԼľȻǽŵӡ
ˣΪһѾǶڵĴھȻǿຣţӱ˵ǶˣǵǧŶһҲֲסǿຣŵһŰ
ǿݵĴɣɽܸģҲֻһЩɶѡ
ɵˣһʱ֮䲻֪Ҫʲôȥŷ˵Լ֪ŷҹǽŵӣ׵Ʋϵ
ŷӸͲĽͣ񶫻СɣԷֻҪһָͷѶԷĨɱ˾ͺˣʲô͡
ŷҹŷӴսһƴˣ
Ѫôŷҹ˻Ǻģһ˼ҵΪƴҲҪа
Ҳ֪ҪôźõʱŷӵĻѾ˹ΪֻҪմֻ棬̾ͻữɻҽȫûĻᡣ
ˣƴԼԱûСԭԼܳɾɣǺмֵģڣȴһ˲ˣɣҲǱһָͷĴڡ


568 Ŀຣ

ܵһǰľѾˣ˻ƶڲռ֪ŷҹǧһ֮䣬ˡ
úôŰɣϸҸЩ֮սԺҲкôŷҹҪΪҪǶڣô˵ҲȹңֻǺôҰǶǶڳΪǵĴɡ
еĸٰ֣ѶڱɴɣһʱЩ㱣ֻҲֻŷҹ˲˵óɡ
ʱ͸ƶľ̾ŷҹ˵ۿ
ŷӵĻŷҹǻƶһתѾŷҹ֮ǰЩ޴Ļ棬ƶ̵˶ڡ
ţŷҹѾһնŷӡ
һӰһ㣬ܿһӰӣǿȴǸնںϵһ𣬺⽣֮䣬ﵽһĽϣֻѽʱ򣬲ģǲڵĻȱһʲôƵġ
ͨأǽһּ°ܸ̾ţֽܿΪ˵ȷһ־޴ĺôһʱûа취ֶΪãΪĲҲֽԽԽҲýˣֻҪȥĽ϶һ̨ס
ٸ֮ǰĽһֽͼĽһ£Ϊ͵˶ҪҡͷˣĽһųǵһɣֽʲôСˣˣ
ΪҵĹ𣿲ֻǸոտʼѡŷЦڸոյһбŷҹסһ֣㿴ҿຣĿຣޱ߰ɣ
˵ڿһµַһ£ռеķ΢΢һʱڿ֮в˾޴ѹѾǸŷӵģռҲŷ
￴˿ຣޱߣֻһζѣû뵽ܰýݻȥݻҲĿຣޱߣΪûпĿຣҾ͸ɣòûлٰݻɽˡŷ˵ţָɶţڿǿຣ֮еŷҹŸӴ
ϴεĿຣޱߣоĴ󺣣˿ͷһΣûʲô󺣵Ļ󣬵һָܸܣΪȫûа취һ㣬ֻռԼ޴ѹ
ŷҹǱ˶סһܿһļֻڻƶǳȥĻֻǱһƾ͸ˡ
ţĿຣϴεʱ򣬾Ѿоຣޱ߲ӦǸӣҲףǸຣȷǲƣллҿĿຣຣ֮еĿ࣬ӦЩûµģȴʱ޿̶˵Ķŷҹϵ۾ͻȻ֮ſˣ˵ûлɽǵҪһˣھ㿴Ҵຣ֮Ľ
ˡ
ŷҹˣԭ̶һһʯ񣬵ˣȶǰͨ˵زţһְ˶ֱ˵˼ĸо
ͺǿ˵飬Լ޷ܵʹ࣬һϵĿʹ㴫š
΢΢زȻһѿຣѹſطֳһ·ŷҹ·֮ǰȥ
·ԽԽԽԽ㣬ŷҹޱϲؿŷӣȻĿຣޱߣȴĿຣ̣ΪͲףʲôĿຣ
ҲʲôǿຣŷЩŭŷҹ
ǿຣŽʲôຣޱߣͷǰ𣿡ŷҹŶԷûи˵İֻຣѣԼûȥܹЩڿຣ֮ζôĿຣҪ㣬ĿຣǱ˸㣬޷Ծǵ
ŷҹһնһȴŷ岼µһεĿຣĲ
ŷ嶯ˣˣΪ޴ѹȻǱŷҹƶҲƵòòȥ
𣿿ϧѾˣŷҹ˵
ĽٶȻܻÿһնȥļµı֮ˣ޾֮䣬еﶼڱһ
죬ֱ˵⾳ȴ޷赲ŷҲ⣬ʱͻȻ֮ŷҹ˵ģԼȷǲĿຣΪຣˡ
ŷ֪ȥȻԼຣ֮УҲûŷҹսֱһӣϳһŹ٣һŵһ֮ϣʮָ뵯ʱһȻӿԾצ֮䣬ѿռеһж˺÷飬޴׵Ҳ֮ǰıڸȥ
ຣˣŷͷһΧЩɺͳҲǻ
ĿຣޱߣȻǶһв԰γ
ŷҲǸ̾һŷҹҲֻܵΪֹˣһ֣ŵĵ£ຣͣ
ŷҲ֪ƾԼһ˵ǲܰŷҹôˣ˶ǰ벽ɵΪŷҹĿຣǿ˼֣ȻƶԷȴҲףŷҹ˵Ŀֲ֮֮ϡ
ν̶ֳȣǶڸַԽǿԽܵõ֮ǿķո֮ԲжԷķΪʲôĿ࣬ȻҲûа취۳Ŀຣ۵ֻǷѣû˿ຣеķͻȱ־ڣܸɱˡ
һѾˣֻŷҹƻԲ˶ѹһεʧѾ˾ӣŷҹǶ֣̫ˣһܰɱһټʱԶҲܳɳʲôٶȡ
ŷҹɾҲһʱе飬ȻѾ˰벽ɵĵزۿֿຣŵľӢӶЩš
ɱֻаѶԷɱˣԶʧȥˡ
˵ûһǿĵˣһȤ飬ֻǷƨŷӾҪûԼĶ֣Ϊֶ̫ˣԵʱ򣬾һսʤһΣյĸоһҲٳԵڶΡ
ҲӦŷӵĻڣѾˡ
ŷҹŷӶɱǾ͸ڻˣɱŷ֮ӵõ
ǲܣŷҹһɱڡ˵ŷҹɱǣ̧ˣຣŲôû˸𣬽гֵˣһܲ
ˢˢˢˢ
ʮˣʮŷҹҹȥ
֮󣡡ŷҹǺһЦѾû˸ղŵࡣ
֮һʮңҶɱһʱ֮е˶ˣΪ֮лŷҹˣֹؼʱ̣ͻȻԼɱء


569 ɷ
Ƿ󣬴ҲҪңЩʶ
Ҳ֪֮£Ӧô졣
ÿ˶ǾؿԼķҲԼܵʲô˺ôһǾͶûа취ˣ־ֻܽš
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ȥҵĻƶŰɣһʰǣŷҹ־ͰЩ˶յ˻ƶ
ǰֻʣһŷӡ
ŷҹΪվӵõ𣿡ŷݺݵؿŶԷڱһĵ飬Ҫˡ
һǴõһ˲䣬ŷҹĽôһͰǴ͵Ŀռ֮Ƶˡ
õİ벽ɣҪ·ȻҪ𣿻ԼĿռ䷨ɣмֻᣬõĻҾͱһˡŷҹЦѾŷȥ
ŷﲻ֪̾תռ֮˲ͻʮӰӣֱŸӶݶȥ
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪һˣҪ֪ܲܶ˵ɱŷҹˡ
£Ȼðգֻ
ʮӰ֮Уֻһŷҹʶ֮УȻоʮӰӶŷ
ףô£ŷҹҲˣŷˣǵȷһ鷳ǵϢ̾ͻᱻ֪϶ɽ綼ͨ
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ŷ忴ŷҹҲ޲ߵӣʱ
˴Ǯʮһûģŷҹץһġ
ǼЩ֮תŷҹжϳλãȫЩץˣֻҪһԼ̾ͿԴ͵һȥ
ִͿ˲Ϳɣû˿Դϣ㵽ɵ۽׶ΣأƬضһ
ŷҹȻǲܴﵽ̶ֳȣһˡ
ҲǺܴģַֻһΣһҪȼΪһ֮󣬷᳹׻ٵΪҲή͵ɺڵĳ̶ȣ۷嶼ǣͱ˵ʲô벽ˡ
ʧǾ޴ģûκΰ취ԻָΪֻһһ£ຣŵľӢΪеľҲǴǰ
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ŷҹȻץһ
ŷԼôеСˣһ̣ͻȻ֮סˡ
ŷҹȷû׷ȴҲӲߣΪһƬռ˸סˡ
ռ䶼סˣ仰˵ŷҹǰռ䶼װĻƶ
ǿԵϽֻҪ㷨Գɿռ乻󣬾Ϳ԰ĿռҲװȥ
ŷҹĿռȻǹˣŷȻû뵽ôһУڵʱ򣬺ȻռѾͷˣҲɲȥˣֻаŷҹܣɱſܴռߡ
ķֻܷٵĻӰȥְܷɣ˼ֲ㣬һҲռȥиƨð
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ŷЦŷҹȻҽ䵽ҾͶ㱰ϥŷÿຣŵӣشֱ֮˵⣬ҪɱɱҾ㣬ɱңɽҲû֮أຣԶŹ㣡
Ǻǣÿ˶˵ŹңҴûһֱ׷ɱ׵ˣҲһŷҹŶԷ̧֮Ѿ˵ռľͷ˵Ҳɱ㣬ŵӸຣ֮ĶԹܽǿຣǻ·ϱƣɱˣǱ̫
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ŷŲ˼񣬺ڶţŷҹȻĸɱ
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ƶ֮󻺻תŷһԪʼ֮ȫע뵽ŷҹڣϢϵرţʼնûн֮
ЩźͳĽһˣǿĿɿڴ˭ҲûϵĽȻա
ûиգΪǻţֻҪǻţûꡣ
ŷҹӣԸ湫ӣΪӵĲ£빫һλ̾ŷҹ׵
ŷӷޱߣʳˣһŷܱȵģͿŷ岻ŷӵĶ֣һҲ£
ˣοŷҹ˳
ɫ粻ʵھҵ˼ţһҪôźá
ҲŷӣǿຣƴŷӻǲҪˣȻŷһ䣬֮ຣűض飬һиǿĸ֣ʱŷҲöԸ˽
ţ˵òһˣҿˣĪŷҹų
ŷװųϻ̳Ͽֵ
˵ÿɲ㣬ɣŷҹ־ųĲץȥ
ԷҲһ̣׵ر¶ϵϢһ˲䱩һӵ飬ÿһ϶һŵַţһſһ׵ʱ򣬶ʱ
ţǽɷŷҹҲһû뵽ΪߣķȴŷӻҪһѹ׵ķɵϢڡ
ɷЦһŷҹʹ˷֣뿪Ҳˣ㻹һУֻˣԱҵĿܣӴ֮ԶΪ
ˤ˰ɣ벻һɷѣֵôԴôŷҹЦָԷ¼䶼֪ҽŵķˣһɷķܰҳѹƣ̫С˽ţŷ壬Ҳ㣡
һһųնȥƶŷҹķռ֮ڣžԵƣΪռ֮еһж˵㣬е


570 ħ
ҲɣֻҪսپ֮ϴŹһӽвϵ̳ŷžģЩûرɱǽƮɢȴһʮڻʴŷҹĽ⡣
ţķŷҹҲǾһ¡
κεɱˣ͸Ľ⣬Ҫ־֮ϣԼĹ߽⣬ƫƫֶʮͣ˽ⶼֵܵһ
֮УȻһЩµĴܣȥһζӭ˼룬һȾ󱻿ƵһǱմȾˡ
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һжǰķԸֻ֪ҪŷҹôǶԵġ
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Ҳһ⣬¶ҪУȻӺϢ⣬ЩˣȴһҲʶ˵һ仰Ͷһֱ¶ķա
Ȼı¶ˣŷҹҲ԰Щ˶ɱҪ޹ɱ̫ˣַħҲһְȫģڶԷǿຣŵˣʱѷħˣǿɾˡ
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ǣӡ̾´˶ע⾯裬һȥ

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ŷҹҲ룬һʱʹķΧ˳ȥ
һȥˣûмԼ֮⣬ֻǿ˳϶Ǿֵı顣
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ܵȻκͷڼ׾ٶȱ˼ֻ֮ŷҹѾܸоԷֻҪһ̽ͷܹ쿴Լλá
ŷҹҲҵѾ֪ڵλĶˣһζֻѰŸڻܺܺõʾϢй¶ֻҪһЩۼǿ԰ͷġ
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Ȼ˵ŷҹѾˣ͵Ҫ仯һ˵ӣŷӵȻҲˣⶼ⣬֮£ɾϢѾתˡ
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ҲΪףŷҹȴҡҡͷأڶڵĵؽ֮оۺãڻ̫¶ǿຣֳһζڰһİˣҲǲ̫ʵģﲻҪͿշǧžͺˣЩշСţҲ֪ҲһǾԵܣ֮⣬˭֪
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Ӣ۳꣬벻һʮͷСӣʶ֮˵ֻǴ׽ģɽˣ벽ɣҲ㹻ƵǸˡһŷҹ
Ȼɽ֮еˣò֮Ͽܶ˶ᣬǲ˶ѾŵŷҹΪ̶ȣǸŷ忴ȥҲǸˣһţҲǼʮˣŷҹĶʮͷܴﵽ벽ɵȣ˺ôһض
֪ôƺŷҹʵҵҲ֪ˣҲһûж⣬ҪǶڳɾǧŵ㲻᲻Ҫͷɣ
ǧͷһ£ȴֺǺЦЦȻûа¶棬Ϸƺ磬ʲôǧŵȻϷǽ֮壬ûˡ
Ϊ˻ûκðɣŷҹŶԷ
ƺȻ˵ľ⣬ŷҹòŻһŷҹб뷨Ļֻ˵طϷȻˣҪɱ㣬㹻ġ
ŷҹЦδԼ̫ˣҹԣ˵Ľɾʮոս벽ɾСӸǿ
ƺһһָָϽƣһŷҹƶȥ
ŷҹһɫֻǵЦһ̧ǰУ̤һʱڶƲ̤ɽռʱŷҹξѾʧ


574 ı
ƺ羪ȵķ֣ԼһָȻˣһǱ赭дһָƼ򵥣ʵѾܹ۳ǿսˡ
ԼˣԸͲҸŷҹʲôսֻԽԼԽû뵽ԼͻȻ֮͵Ϯһָһʾ֮ŷҹȻ˸ɴࡣ
˵ǶԷһЩŵһָ֮²ܱסҲһЩЧġ
ڣ˾ȻһӶûˣĻǴƣôͱŷҹ߽ˡ
˱ĻҪذŷҹѾƺı
ƺҲ룬Ȼ֮һָһָû˽⣬ȥͨ˵ⲫһ㣬ŷҹһܣӰٴʧ
ƺǽɣȻûа취ѶԷһԷǶ㵽ĸռȥ˷˼
ŷҹܶùȥǸ˾ÿµĵطƺѾ˹ȫķţйȥ֮ѾûսˣΪ˵̫أҲﲻˡ
ŷҹ̾Ϣ΢΢ҡͷָų飬ֻǳŸ棬ĻжŲҪˡ
ƺŷҹ˵ŰԼļƷ£㵽ʲôͼ
ǺǣʲôͼҪͼıǶڣͶˣΪҿѾûսˣУڵ㣬ֻܳУѾ˼ޡŷҹʲôĻһжֻԼһսƶĽɾֻҪܳųų棬ҲǿԵģҵĽֻҪ㲻Ķ֣Ҳж
㡭ƺȫ֪ԷıʲôֲҪԶڲġ
ˣʲôҲҪ˵ˣƺ磬ǶҪʱҪˡŷҹ̧֣ѶԷҪ˵ĻϣѾ˸ɵϹŶۻᣬȻҪĿĻҪǷǽڵһţǵҲǧŵˡ
ʲô㡭ҪǶڰƺһ󼱡
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ǰѶԷİ벽ϹŶɱˣʣµʱ䣬Էˣ㹻Ƕڸˡ
ɶ񰡣ŷҹȻôѣǺڵһοСӵʱû̾Ͷɱ
ôҪɱңŷҹЦںѾûˣ˵ҵȷҪ㶫ڣȻھͿԳˣԱ߿ǶͿˣֺα㣬ٸһ
ƺҲ벻ֻͨŷҹȥ㵽ǺξģѸŵϹŶҪ֪Ȼûнɣǰ벽Ҳǲ٣һڶǱ³һﶼֽο˵ģһ˼ţЩ벽ɶҶڿʲôӭУ
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Ҷֻʵܵպ綼ᱻ𴩣ʱҲһ³ƺһ£Ѿףŷҹ뺦ڣҪﶫڳΪš
ǺˣܲʸﻹڴŹġ
ģЩŵţѾշǵľЩϹŶѣЩƽֻɴµʱŻ֣ЩŶǱշģƽȻҲõˣֻҪŻһЩϹŶǲҲ־ˡŷҹ͵ǵĳҲѾշʲô£ҲæˣⶫҲû˸˵Ͷ
ҲշƺȻǶ˭Ǻġ
ˣŷҹЦ
ƺȷˣҪ˵ŷҹͼıʲôԼҲ̫ţֻǼŷҹⲻ˵ʵЩģͼıҲ᲻ͼıּ򵥵Ķ
ǳ֮⣬һ£Ҳûʲô˵ǵˣΨһֵǮľĽɡ
żȻ޳˽ɣԼû뵽Ǹû뵽޳˽֮ȴһֻ֮ҵػؿռ֮УΪڵһڡ
Ҳ̫ãֻڶھԵΣ֮ʱڰͷһЩ
СطȻҲ˶񣬵ڻ˶֣˵˶ֵʱжãǿɾͲö֪ˡ
ôİգշ⼸ţƺԥǳʲô
ǳ˲ҲеⶼԼϣẦǶڣ˵ڵ״ûַڣҲΪУ㻹ٶżꣿŷҹʵľҲ˲
ƺ糤̾һȻǲģҲֻûа취ѡ
Ϊûа취ֻûеȥԣ缸꣬ʹһЩðȥ͵ЩһȵҲлָģڣҲŲСϣֻһֱٵȥֻ·һ㵨ûУʵǲˣͨ˵ﲻγɾɵŷҹ˵
Ҳգ˵öԣǲһѣҲģϷһѣҲûаһƺƵ
ãȻǾһ½ɣһʮǰǾ˵ģֻŰ벽ɵϹŶɣžͿԾˣǰŵİ벽ɣ㶨ĻǧҲշһˣʣµһֻҪǷųһҲշ⼸ŵ˭Ҳðͷġŷҹ˵
ʲôһԼʮţѾҪƴһѵƺ磬Ҳһ
һĸѾԵˣʮҪ
ǺǣһһշȻˣЩ᲻һ죬Сĸ֣ûа취ʱҪô죿ŷҹʵһʮţҪǣЩǿҲǵĶ֣ܸӳ׵شǵ롣
ƺͷ˵˵Ҳܴа˼һûأԼѾˡ
ʱҪβãƺʵ


575 ۶
ܹսʲôòõģֵ֮ʱڰͷƾͺˣԽǿԽãֻҪһ£㹻ЩŵҲʲôŷҹ˵
ǺðɣڵȫʩչҲܴﵽɳȫʢʱֻһʱ䣬ٶҲˡ
Ҿһ֮ɡŷҹŶԷȥ
ƺһæҪʱѾˡ
漴֣ŷҹֻǶһ˿˿֮ȴŷǳʵĸоȫûƻ
ģƾȻ΢΢Ȼֻһ˿Ҳ㹻սһЩǿܷһνڵʵˡ
ʱѾ㹻ˣֻΪƲһֱûܹٽӦҲǸĽˡ
лСѣһ˿ʵǰϷĴæƺ缤
ǺǣֻС˼ܹˣպɾĽڣҲûʲô˵ģʱʵǱҪֻŷҹ˵ġ
ҲѶԷʵٻָһЩȻⲢһ⡣
ƺܸȫΪŷҹ㹻ʵԷûа취κŷҹѶԷʵָˣָֻһԼʵɾҪ𣬵ʱƺ˴Ļɾ̫Σˡ
֮ĲУ֮ģȴޡ
ŷҹҪﶫڣҲԼȫݽȥɵԲġ
һϷ͸εˡƺ̾һ£ŷҹֻ֪ΪҶô࣬Ҫλر
رĻѾ˵ӣһѩһĪһ׽ɽֻ֪ȥԵ㶫һͳǧ֮Ҫȫ̽˵ϢĶҵǲҪʲô
ƺЩؿ˿ŷҹʵΪȣ˺ôҪõ޷ҲǸԼʵйصĶŷҹȴûУҪõĶȻӵϢӣЩѾ˵˵ֻǿп޵Ĵڡ
ѾƳֻҪʵĻôȥӵ⣿
Щɽ֮У֦ĩڣûȥעˣŷҹҪģȴǡǡʵ˾ˡ
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Ļŷҹһ£˵õʱŷҹҲˣȴǰ첻лܵЩô¶ֶΪ
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ô˵˼ҲڰǰѶڽ׳󰡣
һж׼׵ֻЩŹˡ
Ȼ֮ڣ½żŶ߹ĶǸŵźϹŶûϹŶɣľǵĴ֮ˣ֮Ǹ֮ڵľ
ЩˣĵҲ˼֮ǰõɣһϹŶҪսŵ̫ϳϣõǰҲһԣҪĵһš
ӿɰѼŵϹŶˣССĶڣкεºܣȻ˵һţ
ЩʵѾﵽ˶ˮƽţǳͳ֮£˵ʲôһš
Щȴ˵һεıԣǳĬģĻֻͬҪ˭ʤˣ˭ܵһˣ
Ǵ¶ǸʲôڵľͲˣ˭ҲˣʣµľǵˣܵǧеĵһţҫҲ㹻ġ
ǰ˭ҲҳͷΪгѹţַͷǲܳģһţֻǸȥĳˡ
ڲͬˣȻܣǾͿ˳ˮۣɣʱһŵˣȻҲʵˡ
Ҷ˸߲ҵ˭ҲûаѶڵһ¶ǿһΨһйϵģǶ˶ڵĵؽ磬һᣬ˭ǵһ
˻а뵽ڲҪǾɣԺÿһĵһսȺˣʱⶫⶼһ࣬ǶСŻҲˡ
컹ûеɶѾˡ
λ뷨һģᣬǾͶһŴᣬʮΪһΣ˭ʤˣʮڣǴҹϵǵһţΣһȥǹĳ˵
ڵ̫ϳսսҲǰ벽ɣȻҲлսһġ
Ǻǣĺ㰡ҿ鲻ʮΪһڣʮ꣬ʲôŵӣҲܹٳɳˣǸ֮Ľܼӣȷһ⣬֪˭вͬûУһ콣ڵ̫ϳҲ˵
˶ǰ벽ɣҲΪߵˣµЩ벽Ҳ뷨Щ벽ɵģֻ۷ĴǣлҲûиҶ˵ʲô
ҿεıԷ֡ս˵һ־Щϼһһս˭ʵǿһ־Ǹɵĵ֮սֻЩϹŶ֪֪ףҲûʲô˼ˣ֣Ǿô
ҲЦЩţҪЩӲУЩϼһﻹٻꣿҿⲻֻȡʤˣܳΪһţֻϹŶӮĻҲʲôһˡ
˵һ䣬˵һ䣬ӾͰδĻļϹŶҲǲ˽һЩûʤĸô
ЩҲܿ۳һ޷ɵĵڶӳԣĸɵڶʤˣǵһţΪһŵһӾܾģҪܶĵһγɡ
ֹҲûˣϾϹŶǲʸ룬˵ҲֵؿЩûϹŶɣǾӶʤĻǾҲоһʸһЩû̫ϳϵɣҲ˺ܴˡ
ֻҪĵ㹻࣬ܳΪһţȻǺܹƽġ
ʵϣǷģΪһ֮޴ͷеӡ
ǸѾ̸ףҪ׼ʼʱͻȻڳЦ˼
λǻǺЦһǰǶҶڵһţûʲôɲԵġŷҹ˵ѾڿԳ
ţʲôˣһ֪СӣȻҲҶǵָֻţսŭȵ


576 һʤ
ǼŶѾ˹أͻȻðҪǼΪȻСֵӵˣǶѾˣ£Ҳٶ༸ҲЦ
ŷҹոѾ˵ˣһҲҷ룬ԭҲǿҶڵӣҵʵһǵˮƽ᲻ٱԵ飬ǻֱӾͰҶں͵һţÿóһ⣬ҶڵΪεˣȻĻλףߣеˡŷҹȻ˵
вǶǰ벽ɵϹŶˣѾ궼û˸Ҹ˵вĻˡ
һ֮£ЦˣߣߣҲҪССĶڣΪƽ˵
ǺǣǾͿûˡŷҹҲӦֻһССİ벽ɣҲҪƽҶڣʵЩԲѣȹһ˵ɡ
ɶ˵̧־һĽ⽣ȥɱսһ֮䣬̾˸оǧڱţһɰɱŷҹӿȥ
ţе˼̶ֳֻȵĽ̫СˡŷҹŶԷʩչĽȴĵָš
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˵ǰɱһһƽ׵սִųŷҹһ
ӾǰһɽԷҲһ̴һɣһն
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սһػֺ꣬ۿҪնŷҹˡ
Ҷؿţ˭Ҳŷҹһ֮»֪СӣҲǳ˵˵ֻѣûʲôıˡ
ս񵱳ǻ̫ɵˣҪ֪ɿǾһԵȥԸŷҹģһȥǸͬİ벽ɣҲҪصضԴοŷҹСء
һն£û˿谭ѵ涼նһ߿һ¼ʮ׻ţȻǼɽҲն
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ʱŷҹֳˣһ㾹Ȼ˷ô࣬Ǹ߿ˣʵֻһֻ֣ҵĶ֣꣬ѽֺ˷ѣұԣּУˮƽĻʵǲ֣̫ˣ
̫ˣȷǶ̫ϳϵۣ
Ǹ˿һնʮɾͷ­Դһսûôܹ
ǸԳǵһɵĽһǼǰһλҲŵô²Ҷ˵һ仰ŷҹСӣȻ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ҪĻڳҲòȥǿļϹŶս֮ģҲǸɲˣҲ
仰ˣЩߣҲΪʧ֣ŷҹӵġ
ɿɲôΪоԼһնˣɵȻûУ
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Ǹոյĸоô£ŷҹСӣйŹְ
ҲǸŷҹȥЩʱһ̾ǵڶնһֵʱ֮üɾ޴磬ڷ֮У˺ɱźһƣ͵ѾܰѶԷһˡ
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ǰƵ˼޵ĳ̶ȣ˵ĵزŷҹСӣȻڴţܰƵ
ôԵ֮£ƵҲܿ벽ɵ
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˵Ҳ֪ǴĶðСӣһֻʮǮǸˣɾӵһλСɵǰ˵ŷҹʮ鶼ûҲġ
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СӱˡսѾǸ˽
ҲСҵģܵҰԲ
һεĻҪΧ½ʡֲ֪ôˡ
˵û˵꣬ͻȻס˲һͣ
ˡ
ͻȻ֮Уһ׹⣬׹͸磬Ų͸š
ʲô˾š
û֪ô£ΪʲôҲǵ׹֮⣬ŷҹӰӶ
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ʱŷҹȴִ˵̫ɢĻֻٶȰԼϿ壬㲻һԼķʽĻ²ҳ֣Ѿˡ
׹͸ţŷҹһ
׹ȴƵһûˡеսҲǴһ֪ҪôȥһС
Σɣ֮սʤΣŷҹЦʵǻ˭ԽսҼȻǵģһûΪֹ
ûΪֹ⻰ÿҪ˾ſʸΪ֪û˸ʱȥ
Ȼŷҹûֱ˵һսĽǴҲˣŷҹ˼Ҳһսʤߡ
һܴɣֻеˣֻһУɲУһеʱŷҹֵûУֻ˹ȥѣô˵ĻԷҪֱӮĻһоӦó֣ɳ֣ѾԳְѶԷƷˡ
һɶûа취ʤ˰
˵֮ʤɣпܵģ˵һ֮ڣöԷֵĻᶼûУѾʤˣǼǲܵġ


577 һ
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һҲǣոŷҹӮˣһӮúܿ죬ҲռһϷѣ˵ֻôһովͰɸˣ˵һռϷ磬˭пոֻһʱûתѡ
ǺǣҲãȻ㲻ҾʹΪֹŷҹЦҳȫҪ׼ܲܵȫһܲµĻʱԿԼ
Ĳ˵ĽϷҶ㲻ĸλҲû˭ܶùˡɰȻոһʧܣûӰġ
˵ֻҲûиݵģ֮УȻʵмڽһ֮ϣе࣬۱ģҿڣǽžûʤù
ŷҹոһȻûչʾıǹɴޱĽǸоˡ
ǱȽĻȻǷǳģһƽϡ
ҲҪŷҹܣ֮ıμˣ콣ڵķͷҲǳˡ
ŷҹ˵̶ҲǴҶģܰ˴ܵĻ㹻˵Լˡ
ְɣȻȳ֣ǼסֻһеĻᣬһûа취̵ҵĻҿɾҪˣʱ͸ɡŷҹȻ˵Է˸ơ
ͦ潣ǵսӰͻȻ֮ѸٵСø˴Сһֲֿȴ۵øΣˡ
ս֮ǰ̫У۵̶ȵʱѾԿ˾ɵһŲͬ·ˣվһƵġ
ŷҹһۣȴ޾ɵشȥ˶ѣֻôණĻһҲñˣɣҲɱˡ
ʽȻԷЦˣܵˣһնϣһ£ȻԼԼϣ޷졣
ϵûãˣҪ׽ҵΣǲ̫ܵģ綼Դ͸ġŷҹ˸Ƿವһܵ벻ĵطȥ
ȻҲ൱κδ򲻵˰ôȥĻôɾѾˡ
ȷǲ̫ʱ䣬ŷҹĽѾһֱɵüġ
ǰõĶϣ֮ǰһãھȻǻãʵǲɾҩˡŷҹһ߳һ˵
Ϊûмһ𣿡ȴǻһЦⱾҸµȦףû뵽㾹Ȼô׾õˡ
ŷҹһȥʱ򣬲ŷֶԷζӰӶѣʵ壬Ȼǰƭˡ
ɵʵȴû֪
ɹȻǴŵ̫ϳϣֻӰãǵʵҲҲѹ׵ֶ˰ɣ
˵׼˰벽ɵΪ˭ûмѹױֶΣ򲻵ѣ˭ҲԼĵƶųģŷҹҲǵùϹŶȴ֪һ¡
ҲãССڣҲҪΪһţһЦǳ˵һţǲЦ𣿡
ŵĴŵӶš
סڡһȴǳѵǵˮƽʸȥ۱ˣٿԼΪŷҹ˵ǿȴǸһͣһҪС࣬ǱǵΪʵһϣһ£һȴǲǳΪԼԺգ벻֪Լǻ
ЩСһλѵ⣬Ȼǲ˵ʲôǱŵҲˣɵ˶¶˲ɫ͵͵Լҵȥ
һȴԼҵǣҲһŭݵӣû˵˵Ļ¸ոλĻҲǲࡣ
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ֻ˵˼仰ŷҹȴѾǺԥضˡ
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һȥŷҹ̽ȫϹɵģ˾ȵǣôһȴӦһֻԼļ˿ڴðѪ
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һǲң㻹ɣŵĻǾԣǲܹҿ⣿ŷҹƵᡣ
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ӦһԸħͷССţҪǵһڣֱҰĲҿǵһڵõ֮˵ûҪɽһأְػĵˣʵӦһһ벽Ҳ˵
޳ɣǾһ֣սپýʡһЩʱС֪һ
һʱеİ벽ɶǶһôֲ۾Ѿˡ
ŷҹһҲûҪԷ⣬ֻ㵽˻ƶ
Ȼ˰벽ɾʵϣҲʤһ벽ɣһӶԸôˣּĸ֣ǾǽҲԲ
»ԷӲƴģֻԼˡ
ƶħ֮һ˸Ѿ㵽ĿռȥЩȻҲŴ͸ռЧǱϾûŷҹÿ죬һӾͲ֪ŷҹܵȥˡ
СӺýƻȻˡսЩź˵ǳ֮󣬶ԷӦվŰһ
ܵÿ죬ȻĻһҪѪһڣȻôĵӣҲһȥţҲǺ޺޵˵


578 Э
ҲⳡԽܽΣǾһȥѶʡСӾǲӬһڴҵΧ˸ͣҲһ¶ս˵
λ̫ϳϣҿҪǵĵһΪǸССĶڣģʲôҪ飬ǻȽǰɡһλ
ȱԴῪʼǡսҲûǸŷҹƫ̻̾ͬˡ
ǺǣǲΪһô˰ɣŷҹȴһ𣬡̫ϳһ֣ǺܸŷҹӰ
ŷҹбͳǶͷ¶βֿСͲù˼ʲôءҲպȵ
һˣͲŷҹսһð֮ǰһ¡
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ŷҹɻûпٶȽͻȻ֮䱳һɺϮ
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ΪͿ԰ȫˣǶԷĽȴһɲǾʹ˹ǻ˿ûеסǰѽǰ
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ŷҹĽѾŵɵĲϣԷ˿ٶһ¡
λҲԶ֣δؾ͸ɱǶֵͬʱֻܿλ̫ϳϵϣĻɾͲܹɱ׾ͱˡŷҹȻЦЦֱֻӵĽڣ˶ҵϣԾһ£ĻɾͲܹˡ
ŷҹ㲻ҪǶᶯ֣Ҫ˺ϡ콣ڵ̾ͼװŷҹ
ʵҲ֪ŷҹ򲻵ѣǲҪЩ˵ģϾշɣȻҪǿʵá
콣⻰һ˵ҶЩ˿Ҫټϵģŷҹ˵⻰ܺһ̫ϳϣǴԷʵĺð취ֻҪŷҹСӱɱˣȻܶıһЩʵԽǺ¶
Ѹλ˭ٳֵĻǸ콣ΪУ콣ڱؽΪУݣ콣ҲǴˣ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲôҲ׶ԷЩʲô̾ͰԼˡ
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һŷҹѾѲˣ֮ٳһɣŷҹһԸǣǿɾ͸鷳ˣڲִܷ
Ǻǣλ콣ЩˣΪһ֣ɱ𣿵һôùȥģڶҲһԣǲɱˡŷҹջɲϵĽ˿ԷܣΪֻһȺˣֻһս̫СҶڵʵˡ
ҪŪˣǶھǿǿù⼸ţսЦʵ
ŲϢ֮£һɱ㣿ŷҹʵ
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ŷҹһȻڸ˵ڴҶڲ²ţŷҹڸ˭˵ʱ򣬿һ
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ֻһۣҲû˵ʲôϾ־Եʵѹ֮£ôȷģ̫ϳϣٲųϱǵһڣŷҹٴĳɼҲʱ˵ʲôֻ
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ҵԸ𶫻ΪǵһţһҲһ̬ȡ
ŷҹǺһЦܺãһǵѡ񣬹ڶ飬ҪףҪҿҿѾ˽ģǶжģһֻһҲ̫֣ΪǵһţûжȵĻҲ̫һҾ˵ģԺʮһȣ˭ʮʤǶڣЩǶڣתһһţΣ
ãҶǵͷǡ
һжǱȭͷ˭ȭͷ˭˵˵ŷҹҲǸһϣһܵ˵һŵĻʵҲһӾܷ


579 д̿
һӵôʮﻹ֣Ҳʵǲ̫ܣŷҹϣǸˣޣֻ˱һϣѡ
Ǹɾ֣ǰû˵һӳ˭ֵܵ
ǸɾˣĸٳһµĽɾһ޵еĴڡ
һ̫״ɣһµĽɲײһոսĽɣ׾ˣҪĻҲͲǽˡ
ڵļҲŰ벽ɵ̫ϳϣ˭Ҳܱ֤ͻƲˣŷҹһлͣǺЧģȻҿϣ£пʲôķֶ
ŷҹһְѶǵһŵıȻܿصĽɾм٣ԼҲһֱһεıЧÿһζôݡ
ʣµ飬ҪŶԼˣһεıڣεľ֮Уڿ϶ռݷǳƵģԺ󣬳ԶͲܹܵˡ
ܺãǴڿʼǶԻȥ׼ˣʲô˲ĻҲʱսŷҹһ䡣
˶ս¶˰ɣ
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һݱŷҹһֻǸǸûпĽɸˡ
Զ˸Եɣ׼˾׼һ¡
һǶˣɶ֪ⲻ⣬ܿģЩɶԼһԶڰݼһŵ
ʣȻϢ˳ȥ˭ȥģѾҪҪǴҶѾ֪ˣڲĻŶȥǿɾͲֻһˡ
ԼţǶҲϵĵһţܲٹҪԻֱˡ
һʱǧ붯в˶ϵһ𣬶춼һ㡣
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ڵҲˣȻҶѾ֪һɸ֣ǴҲ֪ͬŷҹҪûⶫڻܳڵı仯
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Ҳ֪һжΪʲô֪֮ѡλλĲƣܣһΪܳ־ŷҹһԵҲû˶ڵĽˡ
˵ڵʵɲʲôոսɾ۷壬˿Ҫ벽ɵĸ֣λڻָе֮⣬ܾǵ֮صһˣ֮λøҲʵ顣
Щ⣬ѾŷҹĿǷΧ֮ڣʱŷҹѾ뿪ǡ
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ҪɾͽɾȻʱ죬ҲûиԴãȻһЩֵΪԪʼְ֮취ֻи˶սԱ֮ʱãһ£ŷҹǲֶ񶾵ķġ
һζֻ֪ɱ˵ΪŵӾͳħˡ
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ҲǾ޴ޱߣŷҹŻƶڲ֪λõ£ҲֻһǰнȥȴǲȲп˶١
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ຣޱ߿ǳϤһˣô˵Щ˿϶ǿຣŵĵӣٸຣſ϶ŴԨԴġ
˴ຣŵλûкԶҲ֪ЩΪʲôܵƫԶĵط
ŷҹȥֻǵĲԵһͷ׵ޣʵҲ൱ɾȻͷ׵ϵĵһֱתҲǿֲȺҲɾ۷嶼УһʵûС
ϵĵâԽԽѾ˿Ѫۿ׵Ѿֲ˶ˡ
ŷҹͻȻһ˿˿ͷ׵ޣЩ˵ΧɱȦ֮ڡ
ףȻǿຣҪԼڧ𣿡ŷҹҲ֣֪ΪʲôԼȦ΢Ϣ
ŷҹʶ֮ǿԺ׾Ͳ˲ԣȦˣע׵޵ϣȫûзѾתעĿ䵽ǸòŮϡ
òŮýζͻȻ֮䱳оһ˿ľ鲻࣬ҲԲǺ£̾һ
ֻϧԷıһôô׾ͶùȥģһȳŮӸһԷü硣
ŮȻܵһۼһͶ㲻ȥҲŵֽ
ˡ
·˶ԷЦ֮ʱһߵԶʲôһ


580 ֮
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ŮӻûһٿʱǽѾʮɵľ롣
ȫ֪ʲô飬ոǰѽ粽ָüģôһôԶأ
ٿǰѽԸͣµģŮҲʲôûмʶˣһӾ͸Ӧǰ׷ɱԼı֮ǰһʲôֻڰ֮УԼҲ
ûʵģɱһصķסˡ
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Ů˳ȥͼһȥ罣ͦεˣԼߡ
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۾ʱ򣬾ͿոմɱŮˣѾˣ˿ڵϡ
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鷳鷳ǿŮ˵Ҳ˳ˮ۵ĮﴦվȲĵطС㲻ż·һԱˮƣϷһ¸л֮飬֮ĻСҪȥҿóĴͷ㣬ǿʮ
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Щ֮ģ൱׽ĹٲȨƺǸ󣬸ٸҲࡣֻҪǷʲô̾Ϳ԰ɱħ壬ֻ˵͵͵ܵˣʲô⣬ֻҪ֣һɱ˾С
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ӡǸгε̾ͽ֪ͣҲ˼ֻõȷΣǲòһЩСġ
ˣ㲻˵ˣ׵ĻԼ˳һεѰɣҲͬеġɫ
㡭αһϣȴҲûа취ԳôȻҲǿຣеĵӣǱ˵λ˲һڸǱǵ£ȻλͬЩͨıվڳǰȴǰһͷŷҾְɣҲҸҾһո³СһУҶˣҸٶһӮ˵ĻҾͳ·ûвͼ
ŷ£ֻԼģҪϡŷҹ˶ԷһֻۣǵػӦһ䡣
Ȼ⣬ǾͰץȥһ¾֪ˣβؿŷҹһۣͻȻŷҹץȥ
ǳŷҹû˼˵ǳĿŷҹЩ˿ɾ˿ˣôʱ˼׷ˣĶУ


581 
ǣŷҹ̾ԷؼĴ
⻰һ˵ʱ̾ĸվ˳ŷҹΧ
ǣ㲻Ϊոձһ£Ϳƭ˰ɣȻ㣬ǲֳһеˣͿǸɱһģ˸ƭǣֻû뵽˻ô죬Բɥμ˵
õǺԲŷҹҲ޵
ǺǣǲǱģó㣬ǣǿɶǿຣŵĵӣҲǳ֮ӣǾó˻Ϊ㣬𣿲ģʵʵ˰ɡŵЦ㲻еĻֻԸĿͷֲġ
ΣƺҵĴˣҲôԩŷ磡ҲǰһŷҹԼ
ŷһˣԼ֤ԼףǾվҪųάΪһˣҵûУʲôʸõϲθӷŭָŷҹ
ŷҹѳԱһ˼ҪսңܺãҽսҲҪʲôʸֻҪҪһѵ
֪˵ʲôΪһ˫ɵɱ֣޵ǿɶǿຣŵӣҡ޳ܵЦЦǸûд㵥
㻰̫ˣ˵㶯ֵ̫ŷҹûиĻᣬ̧־Ѿųץȥ
һ֣̾Ͳһ޴УѳξС
ŷСģະСĵһڣѾˡ
ôҶһະСĵĶӦǳβŶԣָֻˡ
СĵǳΰҲ㲻ˡ
ŷҹѾ֣һ֣˿ģһоͰסûа취ٶ
֣Ѿһӿϡ
ۿһоѾܣĶСŷҹȻոһ͵Ϯɣɾ͵ϮһӾͳɹҲǱ°Ƕ̶ֳȵ͵Ϯ
ƣ
³˪
һն绪
գ֮Ѿмŷҹ£ŷҹȴ治ɫ
⼸˶ΪߵҲ۷壬Լ벽ɵĸֶûк£ο⼸ɾء
ֽһãЩ˿Ĳֱֻۣλεıһ
ȴҿѱˢˢնǵļն˷顣
ƾǣҲҸҶ֣ŷҹն˶ԷҲûг׷ֻǰ̤һ
䡭
ر̤һҵؾš
ͬʱˣڣ޴֮ɵȥ
ңǶǿຣŵӣٸҶ֣Ҹ׶ζݺݵ˵
ܺã˵仰ѾͣˣͲϲ˿ţҾҪսһ˵ʲôζŷҹĴͣˣһָı⡣
һѾ˳εĸǰһطɿȶţգۼѾڳεϳٰơ
ҲɾǿߣҪͨ˵ĻƤûˡ
඼ˣҪֹʱ򣬾Ѿˣŷҹ򣬶ûͣ˼
ŷҹǰѸոնֵļˣһ飬ʼ໹ֻǵ۾ǺһģʵеҲ̶ãҲ˵¶ܿùȥô죿
ŷҹʱҲȥܲܽ˿ຣʲôģ˾ͽˣҲǷҪຣŲɣЩ˰˾ҪǾ;Բˣ˵
ǻʲô˵ģŷҹ˿ˣҵζ߰ɡ
ŷţһԸǲɱ㣬ҳĲΪˣεﶼҪð
߰ɣҲɱǣǷҪҵĻҲֻܳˡŷҹŶԷӦܹóǻˣǲȥǿຣţš
ߣμһţ׷׶ƿնȥתۼ䣬ѾʧòӰˡ
ŷ磬벻Ϊôߣ˵ֶĶ֣ǿຣųϵĶӣǵˣŷһҪСĲǣҸڣһġ̾ŷҹ֤
޷һ£Ҳûںʲôң˲ңҲˣңұȻٱ֮һǳɾɵҲῪġŷҹֻ˵ɫȴҲûʲôԵı仯
ŷһˡ޵ǼҲʲôˣŷ绹ĮǴһʱߣʲô飬ҸҲΪŷ絣ţ˵ף黹ΪҶҵֲܵġ
СѲصģߣǿຣżĳ֮ӣɵҲͼıһЩĲ˵Ŀģǳ˿ȥǼҲ֣ǸĻһһĽѵǲ֪ʲôʱѾصطŷҹܶԷˣȴһ⣬ƽﲻҲˣξȻҶСŮľ˶֣ʵҵģϷڳĻҲһһĽѵ
ǾͶлˡŷҹ΢΢Ƿ˵
СѣǰɽƲѾãȥһɣҲҺСŮһµ֮ꡣ˵
ҲãǾͶлˡŷҹҲŶԷǰȥˡ
һϯʣµģǳԼĸˣҲֻȥ֮⣬ǳǣŮˡ
ŷҹҲϯ˵仰һֱʹسԺţüˣҲ֪Ӧ˵ãǳԶá
㷹ŷҹҲܳ˵ӣֱҪϯ˵ѾûкúϢҪȥϢһ¡
ҲûֻǺܴ󷽵һ͸ŷҹʾڴԼŮĴл
ŷҹƴһ֮󣬾˳ưȻʹȥϢˡ
ȻڻɽҰ⣬ǳ˵סҲ򵥣Ҫô¶ԣҪôǴ񣬷ɽû¶ѩ˪Ҳν
ȴһǶһЩɽһޣ滹ûʲôоǽ֮̾͸оǺİ
λǶŷôǣŷҹ֮ԼĻʵ
ҿ˵ȷǲͿķһͲһġһĻ˵ֻǰŷ϶һ£ȴûзֶԷʦ˭Ȼû⣬ȴ൱򵥣һֱ͸Ĵڣûκһ
⵹ûʲôҿһɢ޵ĵӣҲдܴڣܵĻԵżɸ飬ô˵أҿ£ҲȷɢַŵӦûдġһĻȴǶƲ⡣


582 ֮
ţֿҲǼ󡣡ǵͷɢ޵ĻֻҪûʲô⣬ǿΪãֻ֪ԸⲻԸ⡣
ֻҪΪ㹻СԸ¼޸Ļ£Ҳ൱׵ģϾĸɢҲҪϿຣŵĴĻŸŷ
ҪĲϿຣţǳ׵سΪǵˡЩຣҲǲ̫ƽһŵӣ˵ǱŷϵĶŷɱˣŷȴħԨ֮У˵ŷ岻ڷҪȥħԨΪںһУѾǶģһֻǱ˲֪ѡ
õģڵǶǻģǸŷ֮ǰһŷϵһǿûˣŷһЩˣһȴӵĮڳ֮УҲźܴƵġĻŽ˵ĮȻ󣬵ǱСҲŶԷʮĽ򣬶ຣŵĳ֮Унɾĳֳǳصģǳ˵ȼ֮
һЩֻԼڿຣŵĵλǳѾսĮȫչԼڿຣеʵȴһ֮λ۴˷ᣬǿຣҲ˵Ԥ͸Ԥȵ˿ຣŵԴ츮ıʵ÷չĵطĻһһ˵š
ЩѾеĶͲ˵ˣҪǣΰĮǵʵչຣҲҵһץյĶ൱ҪǿƫƧ֮أΪҪѰɸҵɸĻƾɸ֮еԴڶʱ֮ڣʹĸ֣ʱҵĽɾûҲຣʵˡ
ɸҲǸħԨһ˵ʱѾֻܳǴûҵǼȻѾȷ֮ڣֻҪ취ͨӦûˡĻ˵
Ҳ£ǰϿȣҲħԨһȥ˲٣֣ûҵɸˣıȱȽǡĻҲЩĵ
ҪǸŷԭˡȴ˸ŽƻĹâı
˵ŷȥɸҲûʲôưɣʵǿɾǿﶼйŷȥ˵ϲϣǿҲδؾͱհɣĻЩɡ
ŷȻûаһܹҵɸһҵɸˣֻֻһɢޣȴ˴Եôʵˣضűһõ˼νԵ˵ãһжǼ־ܸģŷļ룬ֻ˵иõɸĻᡣ˵
ԭˣŷĻӦǰȥ𣿱ϾǿһֵĵطδؾͻȥհɣĻ˵
ҿӶСӡǲСǰȥĻСһͬУȻӦʡһĻǳ
ţ⵹Ҳһ취ǵͷܸǺɸ֮еıضԷһЩɾͽɴʵ벻ʲôȥܾ
һģû־ģ֮ŷҲһӦġĻǶȷ
Ǿ˵ˣһҾСŮǰȥȴ̽һ뷨˵ǵͷ
ŷҹסһ֮У̾ͿʼɽõȻԶԶɽ֮еЩɽиԪʼ֮ˡ
ĻȻЧãûж೤ʱ䣬ʶһͷֳѾȥˡ
࣬£ŷҹʵ
ŷ磬һ˵һ£ͬأȻǺ˵ͬĻҲҪҾû˼
ʲôֱ˵ˣôµģ֮ˣܶ鶼Ѿ͸ʲô˵ġŷҹȻͷ
ţ˵ǰһϿȣһ˵֮еɸأϿշǳ˵ź˴ԵˣһȥϿȣ֪ԸⲻԸ⡣࿴ŷҹģŷȥû˻ģȥĻһһȥҲ˸Һ㣬ȻһҸ׺úóͷ
ŶɸأŷҹҲǾһ£û뵽һбصĵط
ϴҲħԨǸطʱǲȥһɸĻǻ˵Դ
ϾͨɸǴ˵֮۷ĹҪ򵥶ˣҲ֪۵ķĹǿɲһССȥģǰ벽ҲܣȥҲֻӳѡ
ŷҹǰ벽ɣȥ۷ĹȥһλǶħ֮Ҳˡ
ɸĻһ㲻̫ΣգֻһΣյϿȣȥ˵Ҳδɡ
ǰܵõɸıأڿຣŵʵܸǿһ֡ͷЩؿŷҹŷȥĻ˵԰ѱظŷһ֣ʱŷɳɾͽɾˣҡŷʲôҪҲһӦġ
⻰Ȼָ֮飬ŷҹȻûȥôֻ࣬ԼĽɾȷҪһЩԴĻһˣҲʲô£ϾϿ֮飬Լһ֪֪ܴԼȥĻȻǺ¶ˡ
ҪÿຣŵԴڸຣŴһƬǵϢȥұأҲõһְɡ
Ǿ˰ɣҲһˣȥ㸸˵˵ҷǳԸ⡣ŷҹЦ
Ҿ֪ŷһͬġǿĵ˵
ǱѰɸģһĿϿȣֻ֮ǰǼ֮ڣҲֱӾȥϿȣһЩ˵ΪУǽ룬ҲܴǽȥϿһջǾͲȥ϶ᱻĳ֪
ǿɲԼõɹٱ˸ȥһЩһʼûдʱͽϿȵģһĿģɱΪ壬ȥ̽һϿȵʵ
ķɸڣҲھȥȡأҪһ˭֪ʱһΡ
һжô鷳ˣŷҹһЩϵĶӶһͨЩԼܵˣȫʲôֶΡ
ӵҲ˳ǵ⣬ûְٰˣȻ̾ҪɸҵپŪԼҲͰˣǼùĳ֮ٻҲٷʲôˡ
ŷҹͬĽȫǵ֮ڣڳǿŷҹûκξܾɣ϶ͬ⡣
֮ǰ֮ѾŷҹǽϿȵĻ֮ڡ
ǵһϿȵıԵΪΣգǿѾˡ


583 ɽϮ
׼ʱ򣬳ͻȻ֮˱ʣǳ۰ĳˣȻԼŮܣżæ˻
ٴȷֶŷҹһܺõİ벽ɣпܳΪŮǿԮȻǼΪˡŮӦû⣬Ůɫûʱŷҹ͸ˡ
ϿȾǰ棬һҪСһЩ֮ǰѾϿΧһЩʱӡˣǴҲֻܳʮĸʱҪӿһЩķܻܿ˵ļ֮󣬻ܳģֻнɾǿˡŷҹ˵ʱѾССѵسƺֱеغŽѾȷŮһһǼ𶴵ʱȽ뿴Ƶķһȥ˵
˿Էģڱһ棬һЩ츳ġŷҹЦŵ˵ͷǴȤһ¾䡣
һֻһ·ײģҲֻǰһΣ˵ǰ֮󣬺·ǲ·ʱ򣬾ҪչҲչ˲ˡҲǺǺһЦ
˺ܿ͵Χ򣬵һȥĵ֮ͨǰɽŵĶϣдһġġ֡
ģŷҹɻؿۣѵĻ
˭Ҳ֪Щˣ˭ҲΪѡЦܳ˱٣˶ؿƿЩʲôֻܽȥٿˡ
˵ȥɽĽƣҫ֮䣬һؽƱƵĵϢøӳأһۿȥȫһƬ
ͨ϶ʲôҲһˣɶɾϣͨɶֻгһҲӦ˵ĻǾͲ䵱ˡ
ˡ
ٻ֣һְһм˶档
һķԶǿķڰǿĹȻͿ԰ǹ
ŷҹ֪Է϶ַȻȲϻƶǻƶĻֻҪ˶ռ֮ڣЩһнȥͿˡ
ŷҹȻҲѻ𶦸¶õµݣʵҲ¶һĳ̶ȣǷȴñ˶͸ˣȻһ˷ˣǾְ֮
ֱˣһ·ǰнֻͨһطߣҲõʲô᲻ߴ⡣
Ȼһֱǿ˳ڵʱɽһֱǰ糣ģƽ˶ŵĳ̶ȡ
ɽֻһ˵ĶҶôţΪһͨɽȫûκεΣա
⣬᲻һþŷҹͻȻʵ
ȫֻһǲû뿪֮ǰĵطһֱһȫĻþԭ̤
һôҶǾһ亹漴Ҷ֣ЩˡǿƻƻգɽˣȻûκεĶǻþĻҲӦЩӦ
ܾɾȫһȴһûб仯ĻþǾ̫ڿˣɾҲûа취ӳȥʵϣȥĽɾвٵġ
ȻﲻǻþʵĳǾζţǾҪ߳ɽˣⲻʲô˷ɵ飬Ϊɽ֮ʲô˭Ҳ֪еϣɽΪֹ
ɽ֮飬һû˵
¡
ڴΪɽ棬ΣյĿʼʱɽͻȻʼζҴӿ޴ѹ
Ĵʯӿе䣬Щʯͷ϶ķȥͨʯͷ࣬ǵ㱻еʱ򣬾ͻ֣ᷢʯͷϻһƳϻ巨
ֱӳܵĻȻǺܲˣһǵͷϣһоԵࡣ
óҲǵ鷢ˣһع֣ȻҲʼţϵĽѾˣٳܼγֻǸͲܳŵ˳ȥ
ãҪˣˣô죿һĻžŵ
ҪţﲻҪҵʵȻܳŹȥ֮ڶҪ˵ųǾҪ֮⡣
ŷҹ϶ԷⷨǳƵģǳ˳ȥĻ˿ƣȻ޷ٷãٷĿƹֵĻҲʵ̫Σˣҿҳȥɡ
ŷҹ˵Ҳȱͬ⣬ԼѾ˹֮⡣
ֶڲûʲôŷҹ˾˳ȥ
ŷ磡ྪź
Щʯ䣬һķŷҹȻǱϾɾҲȥֱ
ŷҹһЩǵĻǣһĻҲŷҹˣȷʲôϸԵףҲûжʲôģȻκһͼıˣ£ôľ
û˿ɼװģΪɽҶǿ⻹ֻǿգΣնû֪
ŷҹڳȥֱǷԼЩԾΪЩٶһζʱ䣬ܳŹһ·
Գǵ۹⿴ֻҪܳŹطǰߵĻٲˡ
ŷҹһ˹֮̾ͷٵǰȥ
Ǿ޴ѹֻԼûиоһ磬һһʯŶڷȥ
Ǽ˶ڵʱһľʯɳŵײȥŷҹһǱǾʯԱߵȥ
ɾǱһǰ벽ɣҲǸ紵ֽˣֻôһŷҹͲײó
ڹﾪסС죬Ǿͼŷҹһ̶˳ȥ˶һһ㣬һ
һˣֿȥҲȶ˲٣ǳǻǲ̫⣬һ·ٵǰ·Ҫֵ֮ǰ˶ȥ
ŷҹҲֻǵȳȥ֮ȥǶԷİȫˣҲûá
Щߵ˶ڵʱ򣬹Ѿҡҡ׹ٶŷҹһ˵ĻĽֻǸɽˡ
ǽˣȥʱô죿뵽Ļ˶ЩĬ
صҲžˣط֮֮ⶼʶ֮Ҳûа취̽ʮĵط
ŷҹûУһ˭Ҳ֪ǽˣŷҹʲôطûܻشˡ
ˣƺжҿñٶͻȻ˾е
ոջڹ֮Уǻûиоһ֮󡣴̾͸о˲ԣЩ֮󣬾Ȼڷƻǵľ
ǲǷֵ磬ڵ˶Ѿܶˡ
׼֪ŷôǵһϿȣʲô⣬ҺЩ


584 һ˿
İɣŷȻû׼ˣôСĥѶȥҲͲˣڿŷʬ壬֤ûȴǱȽţ˾ԲܾôˣĻǾͲˣǰĵ·Ҫȥһ߶˵ŷǰѾҵɸء
Ȼ̫ţҲ֪ľѳۣҲˣֻǰߣΪڵ£ֻдһ𣬷ڶ࣬ҩ뱸²ܶɹѹأһֿˣͲˡ
벻³ϾȻҲδ갡ǰʱ򣬺ȴǴһʮϤ
ţǵ˶תͷȴһ뷢԰׵ߣִһιȣٵһ˽ӽţɻʲô
Ҳǿຣŵĳϣһֵģ̫ϣʮ١
ǺǡɻȴǺǺһЦɸżɲ³һ˵ģ֮УֻҪܽˣһ
ǺǣҲ㣬Ǵ˴Įǵĵؽ֮ڣΪȴ֪ҵĵ̶˵ǵ˵
ĵرĸĸԵߵ֮ĪҪɸΪ𣿡ɻָ˵ֻ鱻֪ˣ³Ҳýɣ
ߣɻŪǷǣܵõɸıأȻ䣬ڣò̫˼ˡ˵
ܣҲãʵҲҪ£ֻ֪ǰĵطһǾһôĻһ룬ܸһЩԼаյĻǾ;Լȥ԰ɡɻ˵꣬ЦЦؿųǲ˵
ռҪΣЭˡ
֪Է˵ǰһ϶˵ǵõȷеϢǲĻԼóȻȥȲ˵ƵƲˣ˿϶Ҫںֳɵı˵ġ
ɻһ֣ڵĻĻʴö࣬һжǳǲòǵġ
λϣ²ȻʱԼɲҰһϴ䵽˳ǵǰ
һλŮϣȥֻʮӣʵϣͱɻ϶ġ
续ҲĮǴ֣Ҳû뵽ֵʱ򣬾Ȼôһðоڵֵʱء
ɲҹڵ㣬øˣոɻ˵ģĵرлԵ˲ܵõлԵʵܰѱõ续˿ڳļˣǣȻ࣬ǲò˵õɸƾˣ϶ǲУǸոɾŮֱ
ߣòġЩŭ
ŮһΪŷҹûж⣬ΪĮǣԼ׽֮⣬ŵùԻԼΪȫ
糤ϣʲô˼Ҫһȥ̽ɸ𣿡ɻ˷续һʵ
Ȼλ᲻ͬɣ˷ɸܱȫ͸Ҫǿö࣬𣿡续Ѿ϶˿϶ܾһ
˷ɸĶǿ϶Ҫȫ͸Ҫǿȫ͸ţ֪ԼܵõأڵĻܵõ֮һ⵱Ȼҵõ¡
ٷٲ⣬Ҳò续һЩôΪǲŷ续Է϶ôȥˣ϶ᱧ˭Ҳõ˼ű¶ʱ˭ҲҪٵõκκôˡ
ҿôɣλһ֣εɸҲҲˣֻҪҵˣ϶ܰõֻ֣ϣɸĶҪ̫ʧźáɻ˵
ɽɸڶ࣬ÿɽﶼᷢɸҲһЩûʲôĺᶴȥֻ֮һЩò߲ûʲôֵĶŹҲǴģߵȼԼĶҪûбֵġ
ҲʱзΪɽɾҲܿٶֶɾ֮µ˵ǱأǶЩ˵硣
һ㶼ΧΣճ̶ȣһɸ棬طǳýɾǳܵģһ㶼вϵɸħԨġ
ΪһйµĶȻҲô෨£жġ
ǲò˵ҲһһģЩ˿ܾʱɹ죬ɸ沼·󣬾ΪͻƻʱȫһЩĻʲôҲûУҲжԷµĵҩʲôġ
֮һ仰ɸһнпܡ
ãǾɣҿ³ӦҲʲôɡɻȻѾͬˣʵѾ˳ǵ̬ȡ
ǳǲͬ⣬ԷɾҲһռˣֻһɣʣµȻ٣ռʵϷ磬Ҳûõġ
ߣǾ߰ɣһöҪˣʲô֪ٳʲôĻҵòҲһκˡ
Ǻǣ³ǶˣҲСӣĵѵ÷ȥ𣿴ҶԾһЩҲġ续⻰ҲǰʾԷҪ˵ǣԼҲҪʵһҳʲô⣬ԼҲǺǵġ
Ͽ˭ҲζԷֻʱһι̵ͬ˶ѡ
һٴǰǰνĽߵʱŷҹѾҪӽǸˡ
Ǹġɽ֮󣬵һʱ͸֮ܵеĶǽ֮壬߲ʽʯ壬Ȼںʲô̵ʱ֮ڣѾԽƬͷ۲ѵˡ
󣿡ŷҹǰһƬɵƣıˡ
ⲻĽһ⣬Щûʵ壬Ǳκһѱӷһ㡣
⽣ϤҽŵĽ֮۵İŷҹǸһƬס૵˵ţ⽣ΪҪֱƵҪһЩ˼
Ȼ˵ŷҹȻİ취ƶһħ֮һȣ̾ҪԽһƬ
ħ֮ʲô綼Ƶÿ۶ѲĶܰסû뵽һ֮̾ͱԳʵƶȻҲܴƬ֮йȥ
Ľ
ŷҹҲ̾ţҲǽʦһˣɽ磬Ҳʤ⽣֮ϡ
˿Ҳȥʲôɸأȫȫزһ׽֮еĽ
ףŷҹͻȻ֮һ֮б˵һյһ


585 ʧ
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ܲܳɹҲڴһ٣ǲܵĻŷҹڶʱҲȥԣֻԼҲһɣ˵Ľ
һŷҹСţǾȻ˳߹֮󣬾ѾףΪ˴ƲõģҲƵרžͰմƲʱĲһ롣
ŷҹҲ׹⽣һɱ󣬵ʵȴ֮µһزãֻлߴƲˣſܵȷķ
ȻĻߵùҲδؾȷķֻҪһ㣬õĶر
ŷҹ򣬸ȷɸҲǽµġ
˵ûеӷɽѵǽԴ֮ʱĸ˽ŵĴܣڵʱһɸ
ȥȥշתԼϡ
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ȵһĻˣеĽͨʱͨͨޣЩⶼ޵һ˿˿һƣ뵽֮ͨС
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ߣȻǾһȥɣҵҪʲôǵǰ棬ҪõżֻƵһǲܵİɣ˭õǻһءɻ˵Ѿһ˴˳ȥ
续Ҳһȥ
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޷ѵһεɸעûа취õȫ𣿡ǵҲţǿ续Ǹɻˣ˱ȻǶãܵõɸҪҲռôıˣǵĴУʧɸܵõŷһǿǿǵôʧİ
Ǹ׼ҲЦ
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ֻһЦŷҹȻ㲻ϰĽһʮеῡܣ˵һĶҲǼٵģɽ磬Ҳеġ
ˣһ߰ɣŷʵǲ֣ҿϼһҲץŷлᣬҪаŷһѵġ˵ţѾٴβµĹָ֣֮Ѿܰ˶ˡ
ˣ˭Ҳ֪᲻ɽһͷͻȻ֮ǿɾǳԴˡ
ǹһ˻ҪڴôˣлŮͲòСˡ


586 Ҫ
˵ٶȻ续ɻҪҲֻ̫࣬Ǽʱ䣬ѾƬԭ
ʱŷҹߵ˽ԵʱֽҪǰУȴ˺ƿ֮Ϊǳǵ˹ˣæͨ
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ŷҹЦһԭຣŵĳϣ˾ȻǻҪ죬ǳǴ̫࣬ˡ
ȻΪ˸һģǸˣһͼܴ󣬲ΪˣߴսƷ
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ɻﰵոջվһ𣬽һ仰̵ˣŮһûС
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˰ŷҹˣǱ߶ǵʲôҲûţҵɸҪƽ֣ˣֻܳưͿһ취ҲûС
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ŷҹ˼ʸɱƺԷҪɱһ㣬ֱư
Сӣһ㲻ܵõˣ˷ǻ飬ֻȥΪɱպҪǵãЩǲЩ㿴ҪͷܣܻóһЩ续
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СȥĶôôóȻ룿续ԶɣҲЩ
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㲻ȤãɾͲ̫ˡɻָ˵
˵ţ续Ҳŷҹʧķ׷ȥ
˺ܿͷ֣ǰһƬ󣬶ŷҹ⽣֮󣬾Ȼ˿ûͣ٣һ·ǰȥ
ԣ㿴续Ҳбµģ̾ͷŷҹһ˶ͬߵ·ߣȻûһ֮ǰƴȫڸԿֲСôͨ˽ԭҵһߵľͷпƽĻأǿ
ɻһ̾͸ŷ续һŽ׷ȥ
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587 Ӱ
ˣûɸˣһƬ֮ҳŷҹȷ֮ţΪõĻǾĪպΪеĻҲһµĵˡĻζ˵ô˻Ҫϰ
΢΢һüͷǳǵŮȻûвЩ飬ƽöˣҲһӾǲŷҹΪУڳõʱΪһ˳ɳҲǵʵܶԸˡ
ף˵ʲôǳһִ̧ˡ
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˵õģһܸΪСҲæ
ǺǣұŮ˼ΪҲܸΪˡЦ
ȴ΢죬Ĭϡ
ҶҲϣ̫֮ӣûʲôǿӲıȴ˵زδؾͻЩ֮Ӱģ²ǿһжҪ˳ȻǶ
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ڱ˵ǶԷڱû뵽һˣûа취ȥյġ
صĸоȤŷҹȥӽ˻ʲôûбֵĵط
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˵ųҲһԾ˽УǰҲŲᱻ˵·ȥˡ
һȻ࣬΢ƺЩǰˣֻǳ֪ΪԼȷ·ߣû·ߵĻһоͻø֮ǰһ粽С
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СӲԶȥһ֮ȴһۼˡ
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ǰ˼ȴ֮һֻǶϷдŶĵطȴǹͺͺģǱһ
ȷǱնһΪɽ֮ϣµһǡ
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֮ǰ˭ĶǵҲײˣǽŵӵˣҲӦûµеԵʡ
ŷҹȻǶ֪һǶ֮ϵָնǱ˶֮ڡ
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ʯ֮һӰβǽ⣬εĹӰǸֳһϸɻȥ
ɻּ򵥵Ȼ⣬ӽͰӰն롣
û꣬Ӱֳ֮˲ͱӰֱŽɻȥ
⡭ӰĶ֣ѾɻʶΣա
ôɱȥ֪ҪٵӰʱǸɾѲˡ
ʱķ续أΣ֮ǵѡ˺ˣһء


588 ƶ
ŷҹһɸ֮УǴʱѾ󶨣ǼɾҪɱ졣
ĹԸκεĶӦԷȴֻܴƣܸɾĻֻԼӲˡ
ŷҹڲǼɾôֻ֪ɽɸŽŵʲô
һɽ֮ĵͻȻһΣյĸо
е⣬ΪԴӸоⶴй֮ѾоʣΣգһжΪ˽ĵӶģͲ˵
Σյĸоʵ̫ǿˣòľԼĸоΣգҲôš
Ȼ֮䣬ŷҹͻȻ뵽һֿܣܲǽµɸȴпΪջŵӶµġ
һȻ֪ľΪɵ۾ȴпһýŽתķ
Ϊ㹻˵̫¡
ŷҹΣոоûйȥɸѾһ޴ĹâӶһâ֮УһҲ
ŸŷҹһϢȥǽŵĽ֮
ô£ŷҹҲôˣ˵ﲻǽżĻô֮Ҳģô
˵ǽŵɸô˵ϣоĶΣյϢǸоԷһ̾Ϳһɱˡ
ˢ
ǸĿЩģαŷҹҪߴˣѾӳԼĽǰѾŵɫ⻪ҫţǰѽһģЩ⻪ĹâǱѽ
Žһŷҹˣ
ֹ⻪ںΪһǴ˵֮оŽһĲĽ߾硣
˵ɵģ֮ŷҹܽܣŽһģĻǾЩ̫ˡ
ſܴɽ磬ҿຣִŶڽôɵɼ½ŵˣһһɽСɫȻСɫǾͲ˰Լ֮е߾ģȥ
ֶģǽŶɽ˵һвûУαÿຣһţµʱȥרŶԸأ
ŵʦһɸΨһһоΣգҪѵԼ˹أܰԼһааɶˣǲԲ𣿶ҼֱǻӵԹ
ŷҹ벻ףǰһؿɵˣǸӰѾ߹ٲĻԷһɾҪˡ
ŵĽж죬˭ǽ֮壬־Žһ񽣣ȻģģҲ϶һϣжġ
ˢ
ͨȻϣǽɫͨûǾɫѤǾűǰѽʵڵɱ
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˵ŷҹɻһ£æʵѵǽʦģ
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ŷҹԷˣ󣬵Ǹովͱôһ˿ѣ㹻ŷҹѾˣѾöԷȻ
ƲŷҹӰǱ仯ֻһڸ֮䷭ɴš
ӣǸ˶õһšţŷҹҲɵľˡ
ֻϧûɶã⴩ƲҲûгȥΪܿͷ֣ԷĴƲߵøһ׼һ仯޳
ԣñ仯޳ݣе׵ΪԼߵñ仯޳ԷǸڱ仯޳Ҳ˵ô仯ԷǸĽڱ䡣
˵ֻһ壬ûǵ仯ô죬ܸŶԷ˵ûǣ˭ţΪпӰ
ôȥ˭Ҳʤ˭ֻҪԷĹڸոյȻѾĨƽˣˡ
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ʱ򣬶ԷһնҪĽǶȣʽ
һѾˣȻ޷ջأ˵ıͬʱֵģⶼ׼ŶԷȥ
һĽײһ
һĶײĲǽУǽ⣬˶ûնķʽֱſһʽŶԷȥǲộ˵ٶȺͽǶȶһµģҲֻжһ
顭
ⲻŷҹȭͷˣϵľ޴
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׽ŷҹ̫˵Ĵ֮еõģڶûôùǶȴõޱȴ죬ŷҹҪһεӡ
ŷҹʦǲòӭУһɲΪ㲻֣ĴʲôģԼķʽɱ㣬ɱûбİ취öԷͣˡ
Ҳ֪һ֮ǿĽŷҹʩչŴҲûа취㿪ԷͬԽĻǵǿ԰ѶԷʽǲУʵԷһЩֻһ˿ÿζˣĻÿζһСȥò̫ʱ䣬Ѿˡ

⽣ԿʤԷͼȥȻֻٴμӿٶȣҪж϶Է
ŷҹ֣ԷڸڽŵĽ˽Ϥû취˭ʦǰءôȥǷҪ˽డ
ƶԣŷҹһӣлƶֻҪ˻ƶħ֮ҲЩʲôˣڻƶЩʲôӰҲ΢΢ˡ
ŷҹֱͷûҪ죬ֻôһʱѾʼʩչƶˡ
һȴû˶
ƶˣ֮ܰǰúõģֻûڱ˵ǰʩչǸɽ֮һҲ˻ƶİ
ʵʵڵزˣôٻٻ


589 
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˵ʦģȱ²ȱ°ŽŵͲñķ
Ҳûа취˵ȥ˲֪ǼǧǰģǸǰӰ˵ָԷ˻˵һ䡰
ھôˣҲУ͵ɰɣɱɣθɱˣ
ƨĽĽӰȫᣬұ㲻ģ˵ҲᣬΪʵԼߣ⻹ʲôɴģ֪ʦһͰѶѹˣﻹҪôȥģ
ŷҹ˲תǧٸͷÿһŽŵʦûôĵҪһˡ
Ǹøɵ黹øɰ
ŷҹҲˣåĲ˵һͨǸһͨƽûˣϹһͨҲǸ¶ֻֻ˷ʽ
ѽŵĽΪһ¯ӻһãһ⣬һƣһ˻ģһḿÿһ̧ÿһʽԲͬĽ
һӵһЧǺܿ죬ֱѹˣҶԷõıӣеҪмܲסӣϾִӻóʽϣǱһ׽Ҫӵöˡ
аа
ŷҹûгԹԼһӻ˵ô಻йõ˽ŵĴ֮󣬴ڽ϶ѹһͷΪ˼ңڽ֮ϵԽС
Ǳߵģһڽ˸ѹˣû취˭ôǽŵǰǿʦأ
ԼԴһ׽нһĽǱˡǴһ׽˵
Ѿھڱ仯ˣٱ仯ϲ϶Էı仯࣬Ǽһͺһ̨Իһı仯˿Ĵ󣬶ԼͲһˣǿǶҪȥһµġ
߶Ĳ̫ˣŷҹһֱڱѹƵĵλֱһı˶ռ˭϶һضء
Ȼһضֻ࣬Сָ׸ǶôһڼȫȲ£Ҳ㹻ŷҹԿˡ
ꡭ
ŷҹ⽹֮䣬ֱԷһ̴·
ȥĲһ¶ˣԷư
ŷҹʵ벻취ֻʹյıɱȫöԷԼǰеöܵĽУƫƫûж㣬һǡǡ̴ĸ첲
ڶԷһ̴ʱͨҲһ͸˶Էļ
ãݣŷҹԼźãҲ۰ŷҹоԼܳʱ䶼ûб˹ˣһЩʵԼǿΪԼߵ˶ûƵι
һ̧ǵˣǸҲܵӰ죬һ̣Էһ̾ͻָ˹ŷҹԼأء
ɣôǿŵҪŸİ
һ￰޵еСǿôû¶һԼƴͱ˶ԷһԷĹѾָˣ⻹ò˻ˣ
һǿһЩˣҲǿô׵ĵزɣôȥʲô壿ɴýŵ˵ˣ
ԣŵӣҪĲǽһ罣Ľģڽһؽһ¾ոյһʧܣȻĽĶҡˣŷҹ֪̾Լ
һ̾ʤܣһŽĲܱ䣬˵ĻǾѾǽŵˡ
һĽйȻֱȡŷҹĺ
⽣
ǧһ֮䣬⽣ǾŲ֮ǰ
һǾŲ⣬Ҳûа취ں֮£ŷҹɱˡ
һӰε񽣣ǶԷǸûеġ
˲ŷҹͰϷ磬ȻֻǽŵĽ͹֮£ͺڹŶԷһ
⽣Լ൱һ޴ڵİ֣ŷҹĽȴ˿
ˢˢ
ŷҹ뵽˽֮С
ԴŽ
ӦòԴֻڸһصš
УҲ޷ô࣬Ǳ仯ȴǧ򲻼ƣŷҹھڼֱ仯ŵĽѾˣ仯͸Ե÷ŷҹûбҪȥʲôĶҪеľ衣
ǰ˻ġ⣬Ǵ뵽һ׽֮Уһнֶ뵽򵥵Ľ֮С
ģŷҹȫעظԷȽȻ۾ȫһں֮Ľ
ŷҹûвÿһӳ֮󣬽϶µķ֮Щ߲ʽ۶ɵķ֮Ѷһϵڻš
Էڻһ֣һ֣ŷҹߵĽϾ͸һ֡
⽣ڲϵسţѾƵʣƺǸо˵֮ǰҪ˺ܶѹҲٱų̡
ˢ
ŷҹ˫ֳֽһն£Ǹ屾ϡ壬һ֮̾ͻ̷ˡ

ȻһЩһսνǳ֮ΪһսˣԽսѹ
ѹѾȥˣҲһ
֮ҲûǸ·壬ǰľҲһ仯ǿյӡ
еʯ̨֮ϣһûнʵıȥ䣬һˣܸо⽣ϵĿϢʵ̫Ũˡ
ŷҹĿѽʱǽҲǸӦһ㣬ವطɵϡ
Ծ֮
ǡŷҹһʱЩ㱣ΪȻò࣬ǵʦһлһģһġ
ô
Ϊʲôܵɽ
ŷҹһʱãˣѵǰʱɽҲһֻǵŷֿ
ܣǸ̫˾Ǻģ˵ŵӶûзҲ˵ǰʱҲҪܴﵽɽ磬ѽ˭ģ
ŷҹѽȫһִ͵״̬
Ե˫һƣǧһ
ѽܰ˱͵Ļֻ˵Ѿҵҩɾȵĵزˡ
ҵӦҲû㣬Ǿһ콣ŵʢɣŷҹѰԵ˫񽣣Եϲ⽣ϵϢ
ǰԵ֮ŷҹҲףѽǱ֮ǰĽҪ֣ѽҲûаԵˡ
ʦҲһԵˣֽҲǺ飬ǵŷұҲΪˣŻùѽ񣬸һѹ
ŷҹ˼֮󣬾Ͱѽӻ˻ƶǸʧ֮󣬻ƶĹҲˣŷҹҪƶҲܹġ
ŷҹҲٴζǸǰЩˣ˽ãԶЩˡ


590 
𹤲֮ŷҹͿʼʣµĶ
˵ʵʣµĶеˣһЩȥǶǰƷҲ˵Ȼ൱ͨɽ編˵պϣǾ뽣һĲࡣ
ֲ࣬ŷҹСҪõķǸ߼ģ۹ˡ
һɾ۷ôķ񽣣Ҳһǳ˵ġ
ǳĳ϶ҲʲôöģǿһıȻȼ̫ߣ˵Ҳдôģŷҹⶫһӱĳ֣Ȼ
мƿҩȥŷҹΪѵˣʣµĶûʲôҪΪЩƷҪٽһһһʲôҪһЩϾǲִĶҪӦ˵ĶǿɾͲԼִҪ˳ˡ
Щˣܿ϶еĽʦ׼ģӦˣŷҹͬʱбԲŻЩƷ˶
Ҳʡܶ鷳ⶴʲôûеĻٲ˱˲¼ɡ
һɽڴҵǰ֪ŷҹܻһôණҲŷҹ鷳ˡ
һȦûٷʲôŷҹתҪ
ߵſڵʱͻȻĴŤλɻĽ
ΪֻһڴţŵĶ󣬿Ѿʮˡ
ٴȥܻһӣôһֱȥĻǿɲ֪ɻԼֵãܴЩ˵ﵹȥˡ
ŷҹǺһЦҲӶ֮˳ȥ
һȥǰɻһڻæأŷҹٹһֵĻɾˡ
ǰĶ϶ɸŷҹҲ֪ոõЩʲôǲôС˵Īв
续ǰϷһѣɸĶҿȫҪֻҪܰͻΧɻ֪ûĻ̫ǲֵġ
ŶǺǣϣǴ󷽰ǶĶֻǶǸСӸù˰ɡ续ĿŷҹϣȻڣǿ֮ͬϣҾͰһѡ
˵žͿ׳һڴǸڴڰһţʮ˶׵棬ٿ֮һâˡ
ڴҲһԳɿռķЩһӷӡ棬ȻͲٵǵˣҲһһݵİ취
ɻŷ续ķߣ̫ţſ԰ķȴһֱȵȶԷų֣ǿ˵ݶϡҲŷҹֻƾԼһˣ²ŷҹĶ֣ϾСӽ˶֮УҲ֪õʲôŷҹȥûܵǸ˵ĹҲ˵ŷҹ϶֪һЩܣĻػʲô续ûаնԸŷҹԲŻԼ
Ļɻţնɱ续Ҳֻ˰ɸˣһ¡
ǣһôǰҲ̫ˣ
˵֮䣬Ѿ˸ǰ
³ãһСӸոѾɸ֮УеĶˣǰ£ÿ԰ѱɻһ޲ܰŷҹƤ
Ȼŷҹȴֻܳŷҹˡ
Ҹո˵ıҪˣһݣ͸ң³ϣǻһСӸʰˣٺú÷һ¶ıذɡ续Ҳ˵
λ˵ŷСŮѣҪλһϣλҪΪܹ뿪ıأŷҹһõ꣬ٿһɸ԰ɡ˵
ŷҹˣû뵽ǻڹؼʱ̣ҪΪڻһ£ոյʱ򣬻֪Լʶģû뵽Ѿ̯ˡ
ŷҹҲ֪ҪԼôﵽһ£ЧҪ˴֮취Լ£ԼõʲôʱֻʣԼһ˵õˡ
ν֮ĲУ֮ĲޣŷҹȻԼôȥˣǴöȥˣ仹ǿຣŵˡ
ʲô˵ŷŮѣǺǣ³ϣ̿治ŷĻҲһ˵ĻΪǻ𣿽첻Сɱˣǲưոݵġ续Ц˵
ɸõķ࣬ΪȻҲҪŷҹˣ͵һͬˡ
ҪСӷߣҲܣһսķҵģΪϷ𣿡ɻҲ˵
ǺǣǼλȲҪˡŷҹȴһЦλϣƺΪֻҪϷŹңֻɱȻѷȥȴûǿϷŹңһ᲻Ը뿪
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Сӣ㲻ҪΪǰ˵һ仰ͻվһߣҪٰϵķΪжѣΪİ㣿续˵
⻰Ȼһŷҹţ֪ŷҹһ䱸Ǹһ⡣
ֻҪǣҪĻҪҵͬСŷҹ˵ͻȻһ𣬡ǾͺúĽɡ
ɻͷ续һͻȻԼǰһˣղŷ续Щ˹˶һģһġ
һɻͷ续ˣѾԳȥŵĽõǽһ
续ܻоʲôɻȴܵˣ֮ǰԸǸĲһǿǸŷҹƴǸһġ
Ҳһŷֻۿ续һն̾ͷֳһ½˳Ծѡ
糤ϣ㻹ķЩɻ󾪵
ٲգŷҹһæǿɾΣˣָϣǸһǰͲԼ˶ɱأûж֣ѾǸˡ
⡭续ҲǲҪãڵţǸŷҹҲûп֮ǰĹ˸ˣǸãһŶԸİ취İɣ
һ£ǰһӣӦɶȥ
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ŷҹһ£ƶûб仯ͿǰѾðһ׹⣬ѷ续ֻڴһӳסקأͽԼĻƶ֮С
ҵ续ţѾˣʲôѾˡ
ӿµǣһû˲Ҫ֮ǰȥʮһγˡ


591 
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Сӣ뿪һξˣ㲻Ҫ⣬պҪ䵽ǵɻҲʶˣҲСӵĶ֡
ŷҹΪûǸߣѾܹжˣһٻĹˣǵʵǿҲҪ
ȻڵܻǿԵģŷҹߣӵʱ򣬻Ҫٲһ֣һĻԼӶûеˡ
ɻҲǷ˸ֻˣȻ棬ٿСӵʱǾͺ˵ˡֻǵһν棬Ժӻء
ŷȻ³ϵŮʶҲͲΪ㣬ֻҪԺٲΪУҷ续ҲͲΪˡ续ҲǷ
λδ̫ˣ뿪պҵ鷳ǵصЩ׳ˣǾãһ𣿡ŷҹЦЦ
˵ʲôɻǲһ
ԼɾѾЭˣСӾȻǲģĴǿĵˡ
Св
³ϣڻСӴˣѵҪŲɣ续ųʵ
ǺǣλǵĻδЩ̫ˣҲ֣ţҿλĵλڿຣУûô߰ɣ
֣ڲ˵ЩʱǸСס֣ѾӦոյҪ󣬿뿪ɣҲ̫ĻǿɾͲˡɻô˵ŵʱҲ֪ʲôӡ
˵˼ڻ֣ڳǵϣûþһʵϣ˭ǱŷҹĹ˸סˣҪɱŷҹǺǣ̫ˡ
λδҲ̫߿ԼˣʱҲ˵һҵ˼ˣҲҪŷҹʱҲ̬ȣ˾ڷˣҲķŹԼֻǿӮˣһʱЭҲԼֻʲôԣ͸Ͽ˵ɣ
⻰϶˵һҲóŷҹģٸǻ͵ˡ
ǣĲæɻ޺޵㲻ɱСҲˣٲ֣ǰŵӣɱҿຣŵĳϣ⻹ţҾͲ֪ʲôˣ
ǣںڻüǰ鴫˳ȥ㲻ûϵͷΣʱ򣬿ຣ׷ɱҲ糱úɡ续ͬųǻڲˡ
λϣ飬һֱǸŷ֮ìܰɣ˽˶ԹҲûа취֣֮ǰҾȰλŷ뿪ֻǲԸ⣬ŻֵڵӣƺԹҰɣȴ˿η˵
ϸͣԼѣҲ⿴Լɱˣ֣䵽ִȴԼȥȣǿɾûô˵¶ˡ
ոɻͿԿóɻǸ˸ˣ续ȴʼնֱ֣Է˵ҪɸԼһݶָԷǳˡ
㹻֮ܿʲô֮ͬ꣬ʤ޶ѣ˵ôǵЦˡ
ǣúݣȻǱ˺֣Ҳû糤ϣһӣŷܵס˭ֻһӵóȥһҪ鱨֪ϼһôڿຣȥɻŭ
ãһȥ
ͬʱȻҪƴҲҪżӳȥ
ŷҹȴһ˵ĴһѾܹˣ˵ˣһյżûָӶܰѶԷӵòᣬοһֱ֣ǰһѶûС
续ɻ˴ڳʱŷҹֻٴһ֣ǶʮһӰһֶôѽֱǲ˻ˡ
续һӾͲԼʵõ˾ͷҲٳóȥؽţŷ̧֣ԸһУĽҲΪУΥģ֮أ
ɻҲ֪ˣԭŻҪ÷续һ£ŷҹֱǵתû죬ֻ¾Ͱ˸û˵ģֻӲȥˡ
ֻ֪ϧѾˣȻѾͲջȥɣŷҹ˿ͣЪؿŽ󣬵ȴʱ̶עųǡ
λˣҲǿຣŵĳϣŷҹҪǲĸ˲ͣҪĻٲҲһҪ
ȻֻһɾѾҪŷҹϲԼôȥġ
ŷҹȵǣǲûǰ˽ΧǿýζһʵĴ򶷣֪ͬŵĳϣΪǸгء
ǿʱҲͷˣͬŷҹһ֮£ɾʱ
һɴֱӰɾյ˻ƶ
ƶȴڱС״̬Ҳܷӳ޴սˣȴʮַһá
Ѹת֮󣬰յһȻ
ɱ˻мɵɱЩɱĿຣŵӣһɵûС
ຣŸţѾˮݵˡԾǶɱһҲǸպĽŵɨƽ·
һУŷҹųǿȥˣ粻˼ͬһҪɱңҲ֮٣ҽհǷˣպҲⱻǱҲòЩɱ֣˼¡
Ǻǣ˵ﻰСŮĹϵôվǱߡȴʹ˵˵ûзʲô飬ҿຣŵλϣѰɸżȴ⣬ĽɱҲʮֿϧ죬ҲԹ˵ġ
һϺ꣬ſھ˵ʲôŮԼĹϵҸŮëϵŷҹεš
Ҳһ£ȻӦǸϲԲŻ᲻ǣҲվԼһ߶ˣŷҹҲֵø󣬱Ͼڵ治ܸຣŵһȻԼԲ
ϻãгǸţҲ˵Ļǿ¿ຣžԶ˹ˡ
ŷҹֻҪһطúҵĪѩǲ̫漰̫࣬ЩԹҲȷһŰɣò˳̬ȣȻȥҶԷ鷳
ɸһЩЩҲҪķ޷ҲΪɸ֮еĶǳ˿õĶȥͺˣҲǲõġŷҹ˵ְɸƿ
֮ǰɻһ֣̾ĹˣŷҹƿһûУҲǿ档


592 ຣ
ŷҹҲһ£ɸҲһһĶ֮һطɸԲŻкܿƹ˵֡
ҲģǸҲһɣ˵ѻƭƭȥģŷҹҲûִ㣬ֻǰ˵һ£Է̾ˡ
ҲЩɸ֮еı֮ЩʧˣΪ澹ȻûһϵεĶȻҲҲЩ;ܹ鶼Ǵá
ǶԼ˵õĶһûС
Ҳ뵽ŷҹеĺö£ǿɸͨˮƽ֮Ҳ뵽ЩʲôģҲòȥ뵽һ񽣾ţŷҹأ
ŷҹѾ˵ЩҪˣҲûп°ķһԼĴռȻٲһⶴûбķ֣⿪ʼˡ
ʱǾȻϿʧɸ˴֮ԸһضƮɢˡ
ɸһλ죬ӦþһʱľѣԲû̫ıҲǸпš
ûУһЩҲǾһطԶȥһ֪Ҫٵĵط
ʱסĵطһҪķͲˣЩһûУֻЩŵĵطŻصķ
⻹ЩɢޣΪһˣķҪջصģܱҵɸŴ󱦲صĻʣʵǺС
˻ص֮ǰ뿪ĵطһŷҹ͸׻̾ͷ˿ôأ
糤Ϻϣ󴳵һ˫˫ɥǿϧǲɵ̾˿
ŷҹû˵ʲôֻҴɫУҲ˿
ô˵ȻҲٶʣ˶Ҫɱŷҹ˸ãȻ鷳ء
ˣǲ֪ܲҵɸأĻŴʱĵֻǷѣϣ˵ʲôҪ顣
ţⶼ˽ǻҲɸֻǿϧ涼һЩ̫߽׵ķãҲǲˡó˼Ҳôޡ
ŵķ㲻ǼƷְƷҲ㹻ôҿ۽ˡ
ڵϣϳ⽣ŵİƷģνҲ޼ˡ
ſຣŵţҲ֪һŵİƷµĳϸԼĿɣ
ŷûɣոտ׷㡭ǰѯŷҹ
ȴǲɫغһԺҪסǸһѰɸģǸλû棬ֻɿϺͷ糤ϣ˽ѣֻǵʱ̫ҪȥӪȣѾˣ𣿡
ɲֻ˵Ůһġ
һ̾ףΪպŷҹ鷳Ҳȷ֪֮ǰŷҹͻһɸȴֻŷҹһ˳ˣǲŷҹŹ֡
Ȼŷҹֻһ벽ɣλΪһأǻ˰ϵһȥҾҲΪ鲻ܣֻҪл׵ʵǶ᲻ġ
Ҳ֪ǣʵĶŷҹɱģ£Ҳֻŷҹ֪ˡ
һϿ֮УҲǸգȻûеõ֮еĵҩЩջЩ㲻üƷǷɾУϵȻɫԴ˵Ҳ൱ˡ
һ˾ʹ˻ع飬ڳǺͳʢ֮£ŷҹҲһصĮ֮С
֮Уòʵ٣֪һҪȥʲôط
ŷҹҲ֪Է£˼ҪຣţᣬӽһຣŵĳϣҲһ£ʵҲûʲôĿֻ꣬ĴιѣһɢޣֻѰһЩɸأⱲӶûнɵϣ
ţɴûǿĻԵԴȷǲóɾͰǽɢޣû֧֣ʵѡҲװŷҹϧʵʣɽ֮еЩŶҪʤһܵõһŵɽɣûκġ
ǺǣҲʱδ˭ֻһɢޣԵִŷҹЦֻһһˣҵҲϰڵȥǿˡ
ŷ磬лĻԸ𣿡ȻҲǵõ˸׵⣬ָŷҹ
ֻû뵽ŷҹȴҡҡͷ˰ɣȻһɢޣǻԵԣ֮õ˼ɸأȻĶ࣬Ǻڶһ˶ãҲ˰벽ɵΪҽ֮УǾҪشŵĹأûиĻȥѰɸҵıǵʱҲòʲôصڵԴҲòԾһţҼ룬ҲδؾڵΪ
һʱ˵Ҳʵڴ֮еȷǿ֧֣Ҳÿһ˶ܵõԴġ
ԼΪϣõԴҲô࣬һҪɾ²οҪŷҹİ벽ء
ţʱŷҹõԴ࣬ǴҲдŵĺôǧ֮УҲδؾһŷҹˣɢ޵ʱ򣬾͵õڶԴУȴǿȶõԴҲǴҾôԭˡ
ŷҹ˵ñҲҪûбˣڴţ츳Ҳᱻѹһͷ𲽵ʱġ
лຣŵĻԸ⿼һ𣿡ֱӰˣڰ벽ɣսʤɾΪ˿ຣţֱӾ洫ӣٵԴ⣬ຣŶÿһлɾΪĵӣ߾ȫȥĻҲõԼԴ˰ɣ
սʤɾֻɸ¶ѣĻҾûлġŷҹǫһ£⵹ҲʵսʤɾʵЩˣܵõڶԴǵȷǺ¡
ǰŷ磬ʱǾͬŵˣԺͿԳˡ࿴ŷҹɶ̾͸˵˵
Ҳ˵żѣֻǼˣҪ룬Ҳ鼫ϣǽ֮ڣҲʱ̶ӣһֱŷ֮󣬲ŻɣҲҪģ˵ڱŻɵ£ҽҲõ̫Դŷҹҡͷˡ
һʧŷҹǲȥˡ
⵹⡣ǿŷҹƴǣǴ˶ŷҹһ˿ɣȹСŮСһǿ԰ﵽģҿ԰죬ҵľټ֮ͨˣֱӽ洫ӵУʱ˭ΪѣУȻ˰㶥š


593 ຣʢ
Ŷŷҹǰһƺû뵽ֺһǾͶлˡ
ǺǣСһ׮ҿˡǿŷҹͬЦ˵
ϲŷ磡Ҳſĵ
лС㡣ŷҹҲԷٱ
ٹ͵˿ຣյӵʱ䣬Ѿһ⣬ǰȥִ½ϣȻᰲĵһŵġǰдõŵݵŷҹϡ
벻ѾһУ治֪ҪθлˡŷҹԷһҾ
ҶԼˣҲ˿ǵԵˡæֳһס
ףҸŷһǰຣŰɣຣ֮ŷԼһǰȥȥҽ϶֪ȥĻͿԼٺܶ鷳һʱҲϣҲֱӴຣȥ
ҲŮ˼뵽ŷҹߣɾҲܿһӦްˣʱ˶ӻӽŷҹ֮Ӳ׷ֿˡ
ҲãһЩָһȥһ·ҲиӦ˵
ˣһ˾ͿԣͷС㳤;棬ҲҲҲǺϸຣСŷҹЦ
ǲһ׸ʱԼɾͲˣһٴ̽һѩĪϢء
˵һ͸ˣȻԼຣթɲڸϣҲʲô޼
ǿһгǸˣС㣬Ǵ棬ΪԼ飬һֱҪһƭˣҲΥŷҹı⡣
Ҳ鷳ҲҪؿຣһˣĸ׻أҪȥһתͷֶԸ˵ҿҸŷȥͺˣߴͷĻתͿԵ˿ຣţñ˱أŷڣҲû˵ҡ
Ҳã̰ɡǺʹشӦˡ
ŷҹһʱΣϼһⲻŮɣôһİˣ㲻İ
Һñһ˾ӣȻŮŪʲôаŵطȥŪմ֮ʲô֮ѪģͿȥɡ
ʹԷ֮ŷҹҲòšŶ´Сһȥຣһˡ
忴ຣţöԴɾĿǴﵽˣҲһպԼٻ´Сһˡ
ʵڵŷҹҪɾһ취һԪʼĵطѹҲںˡ
ֻѽ̫Եŷҹڶûи͵͵óֻڻƶ֮УǼʶ֮ǰκһѽиİԵơ
ν·ʤһĽ˶Ե֮ʱϾռϷ磬˵Ե֮ʱ񽣵ķƥˡ
ѽĲܳҪຣţڰ벽ɵΪ룬ٵõԷɾõĽǱǽɾĻǷڶʱ֮ڴˣԵõԴ»ǵʱ򣬵õӣܻΪԼĳȻŷҹϣġ
öԷԴȥԼʵǲˬ飡
ǿຣŵʱ֪ǻ˾޴һŴеӣ֪᲻
ڶһ磬ʹżŷҹϢĿͷ
ŷϢúǿˡʵ
ҲãǾ߰ɣҲ֪⴫ͷŷҹֵ̯
ѾŷءЦ
ŷҹƣɰαЩ̫𣿡
ֲʱ䣬߰ɣ˵ҿɲŷ磬ǰ벽ɣɽķҪСһЩֻһССɾжѵģǾɡЩ
ֵֽģϾɾҲƽ˿ɱˣͨ׽Сһ
ŷҹҲû̫ͣܿһ˳ǣŴͷȥ
벢ԶͷҲӾ͵ˡ
ึңٴǵʹǻȥȻŷҹһ˴ͷ
˴ຣŻŲٵľ룬ת˼ͷ֮󣬲ǵ˿ຣڵĵؽ֮ڡ
֮ѾҪຣŵˡЩΪ͵ҲǷ۷壬СǸԷ۷ΪţȻɾҲ٣ڷ龳˵ֱǾţһëѡ
ŷ磬Щ龳ûа취ΪĿຣŵӵģǽຣţҪʮۣǱֵˣŻһЩǳķûа취ŵĻԸĿٵʮ꣬ǲԸģʮ๤ֻǰ׸ɡ࿴ŷҹЩͨķӣǽ͵ÿ껹ǻдķӣҪຣţΪֻǲϣɾͨˣŷźͻԵ
˵ҲǣһΣҲδؾܳɾڵΪһжֻûԵ˵ˡŷҹҲЦ
߰ɣҴŷɽȥҽϣҺǲøЩһɽȻ֪ǱҪϼĶӡҲš
ԼȻ֪ÿյӵʱ򣬶ۼɢǰǴûôֲ
ɽһʮμԵĸΪʿǲŶӵĻ³´С㶼Ҫεˡ
һ·УЩӦԵȺ˾ĽĿ֮УϿſຣɽš
ǾǿຣŵɵӰ
ǰƯǾһ
ǲ֪ɣǿǳ֮ŮһΨһһ۷˳һְĳ³ϵŮұһۣ⿼˶ãֱӾܽຣţ
ɣߵǲǾģǸˣ´Сһģӣ۵Ҫһˡ
Щ˵ĶǷ龳ʿֻŷҹ̾ˡ
ǺǣЦǾȻΪ˶ǵ̧̫ԼˡһΪˣʧŷҹͳˣȴҡ˵´СһˣΪѾﵽ˰벽ɣΪһ۵𣿡
벽ɣҪ洫Ӱ龳ǶǾţͬʱҲӦǲйϵˡ
ǰˣһ۾ͿŷҹŰ벽ɵΪ϶Ҳһ򵥵Ľɫ
û˵ʲôֻҡȾʧˡ
Ҳ洫ӵģ벻˰벽֮Ҳôǿľһ龳˵
ǵһһϽģ˵洫ҲֱӾˣϾɳϾټˣȨģЩͨɢޣûκαģһЩԿڸ̾Լһ㡣


594 ĳڿຣ
Ҳһ˵һε䶯κ˵ľټҪԿˣ򶼲ܽຣţҴӴ֮ءȴһϢ
¶˵ЩûбģЩűˣҲǿǲġ
ȻϢû̫˵Ĺעһߵ䣬ŷҹȴǱ⡣
ǸʦãҪҽϿԣʱǲˣڵ֮ǰϲټκˣеִ³϶һʦҲһִµų˵
ôѵڳʲô飿ɻʵʦ֣ûʲôϢΪʲôյӣ궼ͬأҿϸ˺ö࣬ϵľټӶˡ
ʦҿ˿ûʲôˣ˵Ҳ֪Ǻ֮ǰŷϵĹӣŷ屻ħԨЩϵ˵ŷϻŷҹħԨֻż֮УŵӿҲЩϵ
ŵӣ˵ŷѽŵӸɱ𣿡ȻҲ˵Ǽˡ
ɱһǲ֤᲻еڶ˵½֮УнŵҲ͵͵ʲôֶΣɽ֮УڵĸŸɣյӵʱ򣬶ǷСģŵӻ룬Ǳ˻쵽ǿɾˣǻԴ˵֪ᱻɱء
ŵô𣿡ЩŵصΪʲô˵ŵӻǵĿຣŴأֻǺɡ
ꡭʦ̾͸һƣæҿ£ŷҹûбˣŷʦ㲻ҪˣҲ˵ǸƲģ˵ЩҪñĳˣǿҪطģǳ³Ҳûа취ء
Ŷ֪ʦ֣лλŷҵټģûа취ֱӽɣܲҲҪȥŶӱɣҲ̫Щ࿴ʦ˵
ǵأʦˣСæǿ԰ģһȥõƣ֮λʦֵΪûд⣬Ӧǿ˳洫ӵġ
ʦҲɾڣȻܿóŷҹΪߣҲҵˣպʮпܾͬˣΪߣһ洫ӣǵλҲǲͬġ
ǾͶлʦˣµΪȻ̫ǿӦˣӦûʲôġŷҹҲǰ˹һ֣ǶԶԷ
ǳʦãذɣ֮Ҵŷֱֵȥμ洫ӵıԡʦ˵
ǺãǾɽˡҲֻεԷ
ɽ֮ҪҿջϢȴѾûˣҲ֪⸽ʮﶼ˸ˣʲôջ·ġ
໹ǿԻؿຣϢģŷҹһ棬ֻһȥ˸ɽֻһƧϯضˡ
ŷҹʶ֮㹻һɽʵ˵ǳ಻ĻȫԵƶȥϢǰȫˡ
ŮǸϲߣ˵ʲôĸ׵ģһ񰡡
ŷҹʼҲûа취Ǻɽ˵Ļʱ˼ָĵ뷨
ŵ飬̫֪ҲֻģɽʲôԹǲ̫
Ǹո˵һ䣬ҲǳԿຣţעģֻǵʱñֳˡ
ࡣŷҹԷʵոɽ˵ųԿຣô°ǸҲйϵ𣿡
ŷҲ֪𣿡ྪȵ
ǰŷҹһ¶ڶˣת̾ʹǴģʱ˵иŷĿຣŵӣɱһŵӣǲ֪ô¡
ŵ˵ʵǺ֮ǰģҲ֪Ǽءһ˵ֻ֪ǰຣһŵӣԽһʮ־ͨΪֱɵ۾ȴѳ˿ຣţԴ˽ţֻǴֻ˵һŵţûмŵߵģ˵ǸҲɱˣǲ֪ôģĵͳȴȥԿຣΪ´ǵɶ½ҲһຣţרŸΪС
ŶǽŵĴʼˣһʮˣŷҹüʵ
ҿɲֻ֪˵ЩƬεϢѣĿຣŶǼ뽣ΪУɼຣţʵ൱ɵŵģ˵൱ɵǸ˽ŵǸǿߡ˵ţȴֵؿŷҹŷôԽŸȤˣ
ǺǣҲýˣ֣رһ£֪⽣ŵĽôŷҹп˵š
˵ŵĽλԴģ˫ĽҲֻ˵ѣϾ˶궼ȥˣһЩϹŶܼŵĿɽʦġԼ֪һЩ뵽ʵǲ࣬ҿλʦܰѽ˫ǿ϶Ҳ֮ӣӦòʲôʮˣһűܣɽ֮е̫ˣܶ඼ЩСС֪ġ
ŷҹ仰øУŵӣһɽ֮˱ȽϿ͹۹ˡ
ҲˣŵʦǳڿຣţһĽȴԴģֻǲ֪ΪʲôԼҪຣţҴһţຣΪʲôôһŵĵӣڰٰΪѣ紴ĽŶҪһ
˵ģЩܣһ֪ġ
ֻҪ㹻ĳ̶ȣЩܾͻᱻҿŷҹ̤ɣгһգʶɵ۾ЩӦöˡ
ˣ֮ҪԣúϢҲȥˡŷҹ˵һطʼ
ǱǸŷ磬˵ǲ鷳˵ģû뵽顣Щ˼˵
ǺǣҲ㡣ŷҹЦ˵ܸЩڳһָ£Ҳҵһᡣ
࿴ŷҹ⣬Ҳûٷ𣬵ܻЩףֻԺ취ŷҹˡ
֮󣬳ŷҹһɽڶʿһ˿ຣűԳ
֮ո˵Ϊʿɾʿоǰ벽ɾΪʿ
Ҫ˵벽ɾʿȻٵһӣֻʮ˶ѡ
Щ˰벽ɣ඼м֧֣ΪһҪõôԴǲ̫ܵģΨһһɢޣҲŷҹˡ
Щ벽ɣǲȥμӿԵģǰĿҲһΪ˰벽ɣѾ֤ţˣŶҪԽԽáһΣûд򵥵ˡ


595 ĺ
һεıԣǿܻ̭ģǲû˵Ҫ̭ˣҲ˵ˣǲһͲҪ㣬㱻̭Ļʾͻܴ󡣵ͬģӮˣ㲻л洫ӣлΪ״ӡ
һ޴ջ󰡣
洫Ҳɴڹ״ȴһųȻλĴϼˣΪͽԴڡ
һε״ӣǴ˵ͽĪҫҲĪĻᣬĵӣȻһӽӽĵӣϱϵĵӶҪӲһЩ
ֻһÿҲҪȡ
˵ǰıԣǱӮܽ룬ҶûбȽĻһΣҪԼѹ׵湦ó˾һ۵ġ
һʮμ洫ӵİ벽ɣֱųɶԱԣȻͱȻһ˿ֿա
ֿվζſٴһ󣬲Ǳ˵һֱӱˢ£ڵڶֻʵռı˿ɲһô
ŵʱŷҹǰûУǿɱ˴ͣܶӵܶԼȥŷҹûӣǳȴǱȽϻһҪԼȥŷҹ顣
һȻǰ˺ţչ򣬰˺ֿյС
ӳǰŷҹһ顣ڿϧţʮ˲μӾͺˣһֻһֿա
ŷҹȻЦţʵﱻˢûдȥ̫ߵֻҪ̫;ˣΪ̫ƱزõӣʱԴͻ٣ٶȻϡ
̫ˣ״ӣѱῴʲôһķ̫ۣԼõóֵģҲǽ֮Ĺ̫ҡˡ
һοຣ֮Ըı˹򣬾Ҫֹнŵӻ룬ѳĽֳǿ϶˵ע⣬ǲýĻõĶҲࡣ
ƶʩչܷӵñϾ࣬һʩչЩŷϼҵˣ϶ܿóƶ֮ǰŷɱǸŵӵķʱɾ͸鷳ˡ
ŷҹҪýֻͨãú⽣
һ벽ɣֻһѷǶԷҪˣ⽣ӰΣҲһǿ񽣣Լɽ֮ҲûжùѽԵɱá
⺬⽣˿ĺܶལҲͲˣֻܰ鹦һķϡ
ҲҰԼĽرֳڳսˣ϶вٵĸ֣һ˳ǿɾ뻢ˡ
˵ǳ࣬ǳʱҲٱס
ܿŷҹȻǵһֿգ˶ǳŷҹֻǵǰƺǶĿûв
һҡȵˣŷҹʱ΢΢غһԵʮư
ŷҹȻҲ⣬Щİ벽ɣǸ֮еţŴǽģΪ˲Լŷҹ֣һССɢޣôܸӴļȡ
ŷҹõֿյĽ˼ʣ˼֮󣬻Ҫٶݺݵ䣬Լƽ
ֻ̬δ³ˣŷҹȻȥעˡ
һ֣¬Զ³³
벽˺Լֵʱ򣬶Ѿ׼ˣͬʱų̋ȥ
ֻ¬Զߵø죬һ˱̨һ³ȴһ˱̨ġ
еĶԱȣ˿¬ԶϵƸǿ³ȴǸӳš
˵ʵûչʾǵԸȴĶԱ˳
ŷ磬˵˭ӮȤؿš
¬ԶƸǿʵˣǹǿƵ̬Ǹ³Ҳ˶Է岻ãҪʱ䣬ʮгǸƫƫװú˭Ҳһ˺Σաŷҹš
ô˵³ʤˣգ۾ʵ
ֻǻʴһЩˣ̨ϣ˭ҲûаհܰٷְʤŷҹЦЦ
ŷǸأϣŷҹ
ҲûаաŷҹЦ
ҲŲţŷ˵ûаӮһɣЦһСŮĽƻ
ǳȫĻŷҹܰһʰˣ˵ûаҲʵ̨ϣûʲôա
˶Ի֮䣬̨ϵѾʼ֡
ȻҲǱ䣬Ǳ׽֮ıǴͬ벽һֶǾ޴ޱߵ̨ҲǴúܣмǧ֮˵̨ʵһŶԡ
˽볡֮󣬸ǰӡ˵ɢ
¬Զ̧һ³һǹ֣ǹһ̾ͱһɫĹĻ
ⲻϵۻţÿһⶼǷڿ֮е˿ߣҪƶԷĹĻҪ³
ŷҹһĻȴҡҡͷ¬ԶռϷ磬³ֻƣʵ¬ԶѾע˰ơ
ܰе칥һԼ֮ǰѶԷĹĻƣڣȻҪһȥ³˶ԷԻΪԷʵ̫󣬲Ӳƴء
ȥ¬ԶĽǲҲֻǱԷϵʱӳԼҲ
Ȼʮ֮¬ԶѾ˲ԣҪٸı䣬ȴѾˡ
³ʱͻȻͨеǹʱһ޴׺ƥس¬Զ
¬Զǿ֮ĩɱУֵֻԷһ֮£۵һѪҲײĽ֮ϡ
³¬ԶһۣŶԷһ֣¬֣ˣ
¬Զ޺޵ؿ˶ԷһۣȴʲôҲû˵ǿӵ벽ɾˣжҲһҪѸٵö࣬תۼѾ̨ȥ
һԪĵ
֮벽̨˿ƾУƴۻңֱһ̣ĵ΢ĩƣʤߡ
ҲóΪһʤĵʵСһʤһֵʱǿɾͺ˵ʤˡ
ûܱԹʲôҶǹƽģ˭ãֻܹԼΪҲʵһ֣ûǾͲ֮ܳΪš
ڶֻʣˣֿյŷҹһǰˡһγţ˳ǰȥ˵ҪŷҹһȽġ
һȴǵڰ˺ţչҪһŵˡ
ҲǲΪ˺źһŶǵһԣŷҹһֱûսһս֮󣬻ٿ˶һҲкܴĺôǳ鵽˵ĺţǾⳡӮˣŽеҲкܴ󸺵ġ
Ű˺ţѰһŵѡ֮һο
Ȼ̫ˡЦţĵŷ磬ǲǺһĶ֣


596 Ľ
ȷǣŷҹҲֵɡ
ĵɫЩÿˣ˭֪һƾеĶ֣ķ˵һֵһеˡ
ټǱ߶ǸŮſھͰһˣʵ
Ҳ֪Է˵ʵָڵʵӲ֮ǰɣ˱ǿɲǾͳ
¶ûض˵ȥֻӲͷƤˡ
󲻵ŷҹʮ֮ԼѾ֧Ųסˡ
䣡ĵ֪Լô֧ȥҲûʲô˼˿Цѣºʹˡ
лֳȫŷҹҲˣԼʵ֪Ͳǿˡ
С۶ģƴҲҪٶ˺ǶһʵҲǺõģĵȻǴˣȥѣ֪Լȡʤ̾˳һ˶õľ档
Һãһлٺúýһ¡ĵ˲̹ȻЦ
ãպǶÿຣţдĻỹкܶ࣬ʱȻռˡŷҹҲ̹ȻسԼռ˱ˡ
Ǻǣ˵ͲˣҲǸˬ֮ˡĵЦ˼³ȥ
һ䵹ãŷҹһγ˽ҵˣ˿ĿӲһֱܵЩˡ
Ƿ׷׶Թŷûʲô汾£ȴܹߵ֣ⶼģʵĻԼܱŷ߳һеʺ˰
κγǿɲֻӮֻܹԹԵ˳
ֹֻʣˣгŷҹ֮⣬һǸҡֽȵṫӣһǸŮӣȻװǿҲǸŮ
һЩϣĿ˸֮䣬ƺΣյϢš
ŷҹʶ֮ȽУһӾͷֱǶ֮ĽһǴӶԶΪ̶ֳȣɼһһʽ涾ޱȵġ
ŷ磬ŰɣҪһġѶֶλǸŮӵϡ
仰ԷˣԷض񶾵ػһۡ
ŷҹû취ֻųȥˡ
һγ鵽ţҲ˵ŷҹܵڶٴҪռˡ
ʵŷҹĽָٶȣһһŴֻҪͣҲûʲô⣬˵ҲûдȥĵһΪԼˣҲ
һΣûôˣ鵽ŵ˾ȻǸΣյϼһ
੡ڵ֪ŷҹһֵʱҲǴЩյЦЦ
֮ǰļִҲˣϼһзɽֵȷǺҸֵˣǱûԲѣҲ֪ΪػΪķЧ
ŷҹȴ֪˵ķԪʹŶͨĶ԰벽˵ûκεЧֶͬһֶ֮飬ĶͺѷԷɱ֡
⻹̨֮ϣĻ¶ԷĶͲǰ˸ˡ
ŷҹҲǸɽһۣﲢηʲôΪ¼仹ûʲôʤù
ڣǰϼһӮˣڳĽɳϣ϶Լһ㣬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ɲӮҲУڶֶһȥ䣬Է϶һʱöԼĻнҲˡ
ŶԲߵʱ򣬵һѾʼˡ
ҡֽȵ˽а磬Ҳٷ磬ȻҲܿԷһŮˣһһÿŮˣԳ֮ҲΪ
ǷǸŮӾͲһˣ˽˪ϴЦ⣬еĽȴųɱУת֮䣬ⳡжǸŮӵӰһʱѰ翴ۻҡ
һǳ֣˹㻹Լɣһߵһ϶ܽຣˣǺα˺΢Ц˵
ȷһɱǳֵĻһֻüεķ̫ã߶ôһòŮ֣ϧˣ̫ԾҪһõĽ֡
ð˪Ҳ΢΢һЦӰҲ
лȫ΢΢Ƿòǳ˪һһ
Ǿͷһɲǣǰ˪ûжȴֶһӰһʺ
羪֮䣬Ȼˣʺȴûֱۣһֱ۴˸ͨ͸
㡭ѪֱۣŭĿ˪
ɶԷ˿ûǸΣֻԴЦ⿴Ű磺磬ֻǸ㣬˳ЦŮӣҪô׾˶Է˵Ļġ
Ӧˣթɣǳȴûг˵ʲôҲ˵Ƕ˰ʧܡ
Ů̫ˣ࿴ҲߵѾ˵ҪˣȻָ͵Ϯ
ǺǣְֻܹԼˣҪֺŮӵĻҲڱŮ˻ܣҲһʤܵĽְɡŷҹȴЦЦ
ˣթ໹ǲ⡣
ߣûмǲˣթģְֻܹ̫˶ԷĻ̨ãĻһ벽ɵĸ֣ĽֻǸ첲ˣҲ޸ˣ⵹ռ˴ˡŷҹȴûоŮ˿ɶ
һŷҪע⣬ҪŮ˸ƭˡЩĵ˵
㻹ǵһܲʤɡŷҹЦ
ǣͷҲΣգŷǲоͲҪǿˣڿ϶ܽຣˣպ飬ֻҪʲôԴеģҪЩƴġæȰ
Ǻǣ֪ǲʤҲǿ󡣡ŷҹ˵Ѿ˳С
ȷҪҴ򣿡ɽĿⲻƵؿŷҹ
ôҪһŻġŷҹ˵
ܲΪǰûгǵٲĻ˻ΪȫǿģǲʤͷҲҪչһԼһʵ
Ǽʵչʾȫɽȥһպвٵ鷳ⳤǾԼֱ䣬һ־ûУҲຣˡ
ЩǣŷҹòУɽеˣˣŷҹֻҪһ̫ҵܷʽͺˡ
ܺãϷ֮ͲôˡɽЦţһ̾һӿĺϮ㿴ϷƷô
һ̾ͱһֻӥŷҹ
ˢ
ŷҹ⻹һ̨ϳֻǴҶĽΪεġ
ΣŷҹĽҲΪ˹òôأѽɢ
һӣ̾һ޴ĽӱһĽбҿЩжȥǶƴգԼΪһ¯ġ
ʱŷҹĽǺܾֻҪΪ㹻ˣϸ֮£ܷŷҹĽƺ㣬ȫûзӳӦе


597 
µҲǸոմİ˪ҲǰľͷĶǾ̾ŷҹĽȱҲף֪ŷҹֽȻǿӶԺѶԶ̫˺
ƫƫǸͷ޿ײģһŷҹҪӮ͸ˡ
绹ûʲô˪ȴǰıˣֶĻʤĻҲ̫
аĹҲຣţΰɡŷҹ˵
ԷԶ飬Ҳŷҹ뷨ǺͻȻ֣ڶԷĶ֮УŲٵѪڣѪڶ֮УԺѱ˷֣ǶԷ
Ҳ˵ҲѪΪԼģҲ˵ÿһ磬Ҫ䡣
ŷҹҲܾᣬһ·ĻҲ˲ٵһЩˣҲȡԪʼ֮ǽŵӣǸһаħ
ͷֻһ£̾ͱĨɱ٣ûɱΪĿģÿɱˣҲǱԷɱƲѶΪ֮ȡǵԪʼ֮ԼΪֻһֶζѣȴȫֶΡ
੣аСӣǲ֪ԶĹˣȻڮҵаĹҾ֪һҷɽɽĲӥ̾ͱͻȻ֮ǰС
һӣٶȴ˲٣ҪѰŷҹ֮еĿյ
ŷҹһ󾪣ǺܿţͬʱҲԼһŵҩѾԼ˶
ŷǱȽϾģ»ҪԿġ̨⣬һӵ˵
ϣŷǳǳƼģҪҪһЩ㣿һ˵
ǺǣϣĵձҪϸʮٴӳֵĻֻǺѲ˵İɣĿ棬֪λδؾҪȥŷֻĻѡ
ǵǣЩִ³ǲףγӣǿ˴ҲЦ
ǸɽǵԶɣҿ˻Ѫħ֮Ϣֻöڶѣˣעûа취ҿຣţ˶ŽȥĻǿຣ񲻱ʿЦ𣿡۾ȴ˵һ䲻᲻صĻɽûʲôϵɣ
ʵ֪ɽ֮ǰҪϵĹϵܹ⿼ຣţ˵ҲǴѺв˼
ŷҹֻܵ˾ټûзΪһҲԼຣţǷɽͲһˣܵټǲ٣ĹǱĿǿຣŵ
˵ȷһλҹңȻǰ첻ģҲŷ֣˾ȻѪ֮æţǽϱȽһ۾ܿԷѪħ֮ˣӮֻܱʸ񡣡
Ǻǣ˴˵ɣǲ֣Ҳܰ߳ĻȻá˵
һຣž˲ٵ鷳Ҳһǳʵ飬ȷ˵ŷҹɱɽ
ɱˣҪɿຣų棬Ϊŷҹ˿ຣţȷɽ˶ˣǶԷ϶ǻ᲻
ʱٲҪһຣҲһҪڰѪħ֮¶˶֪Լຣյм٣ʵһĶ⡣
϶ǿ·ı̨ʵ˶ҪŷҹɱǸɽʵڲһѶȡ
ȻǰѶʾֶҲģҺѵֵӸոŷҹԵҩܿóѾ֪о˵ˡ
Ҫ֮Уٷ̹ǿɲʲô顣
ʱ˭Ҳ֪ŷҹҲɱģ󶨣ѾҪôԸɽ
󿪴أȻÿһȻǲٵǾ֮Ҳÿÿ̾Ϊֹ
̨ϣҲ΢΢ͷСԵĽ治٣һǽţֻÿһֽûеõ裬͵ʦѧǸ˴֮ԼĥģԲŻôһǶǵĸо
ǿຣУԴĥһ£ȥһɣȡ侫ܿܳΪһǿߣҿΪСҲǰ벽ɣǽٽһƾһͻƽҲʲô¡
ֻǶķɽȴȻΪֻ仯øСĲӥһӱӰ٣ҲһѺС졣
С첻ֻһӶ֮䣬һĺСҲҪһ
ҪĿģȴҪߺʶ֮ס
һضǽɾʶ֮ҲóȻ̽ŷҹΧͻΣգҪĲֻΪŷҹոյĽѾоΣգ¶Էʱ̣Լ̫ûа취ٴӮһҪһ˲䣬ѸٵʩչѪħ֮ȡŷҹ˵
Լֶα˿˭Ҳðű˵ķգʶ֮̽鵽ȥ
ǵѶһõʱŷҹȴȰЦһ£˯ͷҪ̶ֳȣԵøʵһЩԼײɱôһȫû˹˼ɡ
⽣һգһ̳һѾԽ˸ոյĽЩɾĽҪӸ
һĻ˿Ļŷҹ̾ͻΪຣŵһĶԶ̾ͰץʣֽΪעĻʵ̫ûеˡ
ɽѪЦݸոշ𣬾͸оһΣյϢϮѪħֲŸոճΣûüʩչһѾ̴š
ӷɽˣʵ벻Լ಼µĶûóԼѾˡСթոյĽװģװģʹԼȴôһʱ䣬ͻȻ֮ʩչ϶ǽŵӣ
ɽҪϢ˵ȥֻϧѾûлˡ
Ϊڶɵһ˲䣬̨ϵĽϺϣǺվ
ȻҲ֪ɽ˶϶Ҫŷҹɱŷҹһţǿɲʧ
˵ɽԼһҪĵӣŷҹɱˣǿǿຣŵľ޴ʧ
Ȼ϶̫һ̣ǵĿȴһµģȻ֮Ͱѱ䳡ȡͬʱŶץȥ
һĶɢ¶ŷҹŵı飬϶ѾѪȥǱԷˡ
ǸǾȵǣǸɽȻǱŷҹһᴩˣ˿Ѿ۾ûбյϡ
һƣҪʩչѪħֵӣ϶һ
벻龪һһҪһǽԴϲȻó˷ɽ
ʱλϣǽϹĵؿŷҹŷû°ɣ


598 
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޷ոյҲɽػģȻѪħ֮ҪѪħڿ»ɱ㣬ܹʤ˵ĽѾһɢ̶ֳȣѾܿɹȥɣһʤЧź
лϡŷҹֵ
㻹Ҫ֮ǰ˪ʤ˵ڵӣɷһս
ŷҹɫε˵ӸոˣȻ˵ҩǶҲûɾһѡ䡣
ѡ˪ֵɫȴǳϧһҪɾ͵һģû뵽ڳ˵ư
ˣңңһָһư׹뵽ŷҹ֮УŷҹƽϢһƣûдˣ
˴洫ӱԵ˽ոһѪħ֮ķɽͼñֶζȡʸԲٶ˵εõ洫ˡϿŷҹûˣ
ȻǸɽ֮⣬˶洫ӵУ֮ǰʱֻ࣬ɽֵˣõһЩ
˲ûгԿøȻʲôĵҩǵ׬ˡ
Ҳ˲˵ģڵ˵һ˪˿̾һ˪ؿŽϣʳϣ״ʲôʱ
ҪܾһжҪѡ΢΢Ц״ҲֻҪһ֮ǰϢ󴫶ѣ״ҪĵһֻЩˡ
Щ棬ֻҪһϺǺǵЦǲ˪ȻʵͣҿŷĻȴһЩ
Ŷƾʲô˪ʵ
ô˵ʳϵģҲǵһˡ
Ѿ״ӣ˼̣ڣһжδ֮ǰ͸ô˵ˣʵûм
ŷһӶһɢܵõĻԵףܴЩӵĽ֮Уȡ֮ľڣȻЩңȴҲ㹻֤һ֮еţЩҪǿһЦŻӦ
⻰ڣ˿ŷҹĿⶼ˼ֵ⣬԰˪Ϊǿҡ
˶Ըţʵϵֵزİ벽ɣĸΪһȵţǸոմˣҲһǧɣһԼһʤҲ͹ע档
ŷҹȻҲֱ仯֪֮ǰĻΪЩһЩ꣬ǡǡ෴ƺǸҪ¶һ
Щȥᣬ֮һЩʱ䣬ȥЩʲôԴˣõʲô״ӡ
ҲΪϵĻģֻڸԼޣΪʲôҪôǾͲ̫ҲĵĶˡЩܻһЩĶǴڡ
ȻҲ֪ڸŷҹϰȴʲôҲû˵ֻϴЩ½洫ӣһ˿ຣڽ֮С
ڵıԳҲǿຣţȴһ磬֮ڣźüؽڣһ˺ƿЩ磬ƿˣҲ̾ͱĸַ֣ʮΰȫ
ŷ磬Ҿ֪һеġЦ˵ȴæѯһ£ոЩ˵ŷɣ
û£ϵĵҩܺãѾȫˡŷҹӦ
ǾͺãҲǿϧˣٸǸ˪һսͺˣŷ͸ϣΪ״ˡҲ˸ոϵĻûж롣
ڿຣ֮Уһе鶼Ǹ׳ϸģԳҲûôĻթ
ǶɣҴǽຣڽ֮СϿˣִ̾Щ˽롣
֮䣬ѾȻһĵĿռ䣬̤ǰΣһûǱȥһ㡣
ŷ磬صĿռ䣬һȥɡŷҹ
šŷҹӦţȴ΢΢һ£ȼ˶֮󣬲ʾ⣬ߡ
ΪʲôҪǣЩ죬ĵشŷҹ
Ǽ˶е⣬Ϲ˵ϣΪ״ӵһˣڴҶҪҽһ¡ŷҹ΢΢һЦҲǴȥΪ֮ǰҵʤȥɺϣռ˲Сıˡ
һҲռҲŷĶ֡ŷҹʵǿܸɾԿﰡŷ˶һλӶģǾȻ֪㣿
ŷҹǺһЦô֪ģ֮ǰ̫ãһֿգһ鵽һҪܴܵĶ֣ڱ˵϶ռıˣһȻˣɾڵʱҲˣԴҶоŷҹûгǳϰǸɽһ
Ȼŷҹɱ˷ɽҲΪһʲôɺϵԭŷҹһõ˹ˣʵûаϵ
ŷҹҪģ˶ʵӶܾʲôĲͺãû뵽ϹôһôҰĿһϡ
Ȼֻǽ˳򣬵ŷҹһãҲôҶøһԼʲôҲһʾ˶ܿóҸ߰Ӧö׽ʾ
ڳĲŷҹֻǵȻ֮鷳ȻûԴǶûŰ
˽֮󣬹Ȼǰ˶ǿ˹϶Ǽֱ֮ɫ
ŷҹɫʾһλ˶ԷӣҪЧֻǳ࿴ʮߣɱŷҹţҲ÷
һǰУֻ㣬Ԫʼ֮ҲʮŨ񣬾Ķ֮УҲܸӦС֮ӳ㡣
Ǵŵĺôǲش󣬶һڽ֮⣬¶ദ޴ľ󣬰֮Ԫʼ֮ϴչЩõĶȻ͸˵ˣ϶Ũһ̶ȵԪʼ֮
ԼǰߣĦɽͣϷȥȥǳʱ䣬ŷҹһĽĵãԴҶǴġϿ˵һ䣬ͲӰ
ϼһҪҰҲ֪ϼһŷҹֹţôһߣǸЩ鷳ء
һ߿ɺãʣµ˶ǻؿ˹
ŷҹѾʾҲһʾ˹ȥǸһ仰̾Ͱ¶Ƶһϡ


599 洫
̣ŷҹһ˸һոսຣŵ洫ӣƾʲộҪܵ洫ӵһҲˣС洫ӵıǿġ
Уŷҹʲô̬ڶбҪѹһ£ȻԺ󻹲֪Ҫʲô̶ȡ
ҵɫÿ˶תŷҹһԲϣ̾ͳΧӡ
ŷҹɫƽȴ˿ûиоѹһֻȻǰš
šһ˵˪Ů˿ҪӺʤһֱ㣬ھһ£ŷҪ㵽Ǹֵ˿㡣
˵ЦˣҲƾѣѾ洫ȥʲôȨĻҿԷ״ӣλûʲôΣŷҹȻ˵
ǺǣŷǳϿصˣ˵Ҳ˵úܸһ˵֮˭Ϊ洫ӣøǵ𣿡Ҳǲм
Ѿûи˼ǻҪΪ𣿡ŷҹü
ⲻΪѣΪôΪԼʵ˪ִ˼Ц⣬ڳ֣֪ԼݣǳϿ㣬ҲҪһԼһɢޣվܸЩ֮гȡ
Ѿ֪ˣлλĽ̻壬½һУлŷҹ˵꣬ųء
౾ҪΪŷҹͷǿŷҹһζãһҲûУɵмʧˣЩ˵ĸо
ʱϿȵʱɲų
֮£ҲֻܸŷҹһǰߣʱѾ⣬ȥ洫ӵסˣֻǻûк˼˵
Ѿ⣬ֻҪһŷҹĦɽԼȥĸףٸװǿˡ
ŷҹҲ˳ɫ仯ҲµŮ˼ҪģԼ˿ຣţԼԶһҲкôġ
ţ˪ٴסȥ·û˵˭ߡ
˵ʲôҲ΢΢ã
ŷҹˣ仰Ѿڣɲ
ô˪ȻЦЦ洫ӣϾͿܱΪ״ӣʦ㣬㲻һɾȻű磬ҲֻΪһϵĸ׶ѣѵΪĵλ߹ң˵ߣ˭ߡ
Ҳ΢΢䣬Ҳߣʱŷҹ鷳ط͸˵ˡ
ˣߵ˼Ҳñ¶Ǹ˪Ͱ磬ȷļ壬ȻȲϿຣ־ްԣǱһСŶǴϺܶ࣬Ҳˡ
㡭ҲŭǳƫƫֶԶԷûа취
ȻɾҲǳ֮Ůǹ׶ֻһŵӶѣλȷǲ洫ӣ˪˰Եһ֪϶бĿɽ޼ɵ³³϶ʲô
СͱΪĳܹ࣬ίȴֻؿŶԷһ취ҲûУ˭Ϊء
࿴ŷҹʱȴŷҹһΪͷ˼ûУŭȻǰЩģϹ۾
Ҳ˱ģԼ𣬾ֱű𴦶ȥ
˪־һ׹ȥǰ׹յ˳ϵʱȴͻȻһ⵲סֻ˲Ĺ򣬳Ѿʧˡ
ϵĽɷǷȥɣֻһССɣҲûʲôвĸǳϣƵ̫ҲûʲôôҡŰ˵
ǺǣǾ͵Ƿһɣ˪ŷҹΪͷŮӶסͷҲ䵱ຣŵ洫𣿡
˵ˣֻҪﰲ飬ڳͳǣŷҹûʲôԲǡ
ʱ򣬾˳һ͸ǽŵİ淨ȻĶˣҲ͵İȻһˣΪģöԷԼܵຣ
ຣŶԹЩֻܵһԼǷ˳ʲôȻҲΪŷҹ֪಻ܵʲôʵʵ˺ֻöԷԼʧѣǵȷûʲôһҪĽ
ΪͿ˽𣿡ҲǵЦ
ǻҪΣŷҹʡ
ȻͬΪ洫ӣ֮λĸ£һҪס˪ѶԷ
ףǱ洫ӵĵһȥʲôŷҹǵȻ
ΪʤˣǰһǿҪúֽһˡ
Ҳûô˵Ҳÿƣҳ洫ӣһЩǴҼȻһΪͬţͿһЩһĵطͿˣֻҪҵһͿԣνŷҹ̹Ȼ
νøô˵ΪˣҽһҪֽ̣
˵ţֽһӣһ޴ڿŷҹȥз˿˿Ľɫȥһƽһ˾ȥ롣
ŷҹѣҲñر˪ţǴˣһεĵһ϶
˪ֻһۣȴǵмЦţҲԼĵûг֣Զ޶ԡ
ҪҳְŷҹҲǳ̾һ
εãһΪóԼʧ뿪ҲҪһĻЩԾͲŹҲֻа˶ѹȥܰ
ҾǿҸո̨һСŷҹͻȻ֮û˿ǫѷǴű˪ûеİ˵
̧֣磬һһ˲ʹ̳ǧٽЩȻȻŲٵֻҪǰһܰѶԷ̴һ
Ǵ˿̰ȴôȥЩеʱȴֶԷĽʽԼôƵԷܶ࣬Ƕൽ㿴ʱȴ֪Ҫȥѡˡ
ҵոѡһ׼ȥ׽ʱȴѾܿذˣһ¼ֳǰѡʧȥ
ܶʼԶûа취סһ
ʱİѾоŷҹѲϵشߴԼȥץסԷȴһһεʧˡ
ڣˣòŷҹ
ŷҹһƬĽ֮УͻȻ̳֮ʵ޻һһȥû֮ǰĻҲûдǰľǵһ֮󣬰һӱ佩Ӳֻܲһһ
ոһֱռûв׽Էŷҹûа취ôȥҲһʤܵĽ֣ҴӾŷҹĽֻǰиס˶ѣռϷġ
أŷҹһֱ̳ӶУһ̵ĺϡ


600 һ
罩Ӳ廹ûа취ֻؿǰѽԼĺ̳
˪Ҳû뵽ôһ⣬˵ҲûдȥȰ磬Ǹոսຣţɱͬŵӣ϶Ҫطຣţٽлɱ
˪˵ûʲôӰ죬ڿԷ־ٶ֡
顭
ֻûʵԸŷҹĽؼʱͣһתƽƽ˶ԷϣȻȥЩǿ˵˰һѪƤ·ҲŷҹһնǱϾû˵˰Ҳܿɹˡ
һ亹ȴһңոŷҹûͣһĻʱͱһʬˡ
˵ҲҪʲôǶϷŹҵĻֻܸƴһսˡŷҹǵȻ˵ǿ𣿡
һѯʣŷҹȴѾԼˡ
˪ɫǺܲ⣬̽˼Σûٳ֣Ϊȥŷҹ֮ҲûаܰѶԷƷȻֻǸԼ鷳
ڿ洫ӵһǳٱ˸ˣǶǲģѡ̡
ͣƬֻ֮ǵ˵һߣ
ҶǷȥֻ˱˵İ硣
ŷһᱨһ֮𣡡޺޵ҧ
˵Ѹٻһ·Ҳȥ
ṇ̀һųˡ֮һƬ䶯ž˸ֳ
һǳǵŮ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôԭȥղһĻҲ
һǳø߷ƣ俴ȥҲǶʮң̬ȴҪӳ쵭Ȼ࣬˺ȻһɵĴǿߡ
ȫһɫ֮УȥҲһɷ̺Ľɷ򣬰ƬĿռ䶼ŤԾŷҹ˪Щ֣ûзﻹ˴ڡ
ΪʲôôЩ˿ຣţӦöҪ״ֻܵõԴһиõǰ;ΪʲôЩƴԶһ
ҲǰĶͬ׷ģֻһЩԴѣʲôλҫҪĶѾõˣҲΪ˵ԼڵõĶŻڵӡŮ΢΢һ£Щ̽ҴһҡոĸҲɣǲģŻǰһЩĶУ뿪
ԭǳĸգҲһɾຣŵĽɳϡ
⡭ΪʲôЩˡ
Ǻǣ¼Ȼӹ׶ˣҲЩеӣ˲ſЩ˶ΧתģԲŻֻҪԸ⣬κ˶ܿĵؽ㣬ʵȴˣĸ׵۹ŷͲˣҲĵˣ⣬ֲȥģԲŻ²߰ɡ΢΢Цһ˵ǲҪϻ˼ˣ־ᶨΪʲôӰĳԣˣǲԼĵĶıȤġ
ɡȴЩίһʧķ򣬡ҵһζĵӰ
ḧһŮͷҲ֪һŮӶĵˣϧĲϣ㻹ҪǿֻԼġ
Ҿȥأ˼˵˵һֱĴεѵҪҵҵˣҲ᲻ͷ
ɵӣοأ˵¼䣬˵ຣ֪ٵŵӣѾ˼ҪһЦֺοΪһĲϵȥʲôɵ£̾˿Ҳ˵һϲ㣬ɾĶҪλҲģΪ˵ĸӹһ顣
ҲɡҲƵ̾һһøһЩ
治㿴ղŵ顣ҡͷûпĻͻƻԺŷһų޳ܵˣбʲôϣˡ
ʵҲᡣȴҡͷ֪ˣҲŻɻûҳҲ׵ģǰϿȣôΣյ¾ңһɾֵΧ£ôẦЩ벽ɵأ
˵ʲôɾΧôܣҲǾȵǿҲһ벽ɶѣԽɵʱʲôĽҲûʩչĻˡ
ûк¾ˡҲûнͣҲû˵˻ǿຣŵĳϣҲһųˡ
ô˵Ҳ㸸һ԰ǲҪԼԽԽ˵꣬ԼҡҡͷоЩ̫ʵӡ
˿һŷҹһ·Զˣͽϣŷϼˡ
ǣŷοΪ׵һ
һƮĸо˳ʱãξһ㣬Ȼ֮ԼߣʵʵڵɵҪȥץסʱȴֱַƮ죬޷׽ˡ
һˣ϶һƮϢʱռʧӣֻһʵ塣
СӵĽ֮ߣڰ벽֮УȷУǲӲ¼εʱõ˲ٵĽԼȴ̰ȫѧϰ³ڵӣܺúһӦҲǸӡһλҲǽɾĳ˵
ҿոջܰһЩ죬˵Сʲôɸ˵ܣĻӦúúÿһ£㡣ȴ˵
Ŷɸ˵ܣһЦһ£ϲ˵һЩҲôʲôܡ
ҲֱԣȴŽŵӵһЩʣǽŵӣֽȻǲΪġϼ˵ǽŵӣֻżȻõ˽ŵؼףѧôལôĽ⣬ҲΣյģҪ֪޳ɽŽˣһ˼
ǺǣҿδأոһȻþǽ֮࣬ŵӲôӵĽȻǶǽӦֻȼ׽ŷĽ֮У붼ϰ׽ںϣһ߳ˣͲѧϰôĽѧ˭ҲԼĵӽ̳Ӷӡȴҡͷ͵ոոǸɽһսҲᣬԲڹؼʱһѷɽնɱԸΪѣҲ˵׼ġ
һ˵ĻҲûб¶Լ˼ֻǵͷҲ֪ʲô뷨
˵λҲҶʣֻǾصȴš


601 Ϣ
˰֮һſ۾żλ˵һΣҵ״ӣͶΪŷϢʱҪ⴫һʱͿˡ
̾ʹ׻Ӧ
ŷҹǳģǸϵĹϵǲŷҹܳΪ״ӣȻҲʮָˡ
ŷһΪǳԺδҲ֪ͰΪ״ӣǻзհɣ̾
̫һһȻȥԣǶԼûкôҲһôҲöԷõ̫ıˡ
һȴûٻӦ飬ֻǵ˵һ½洫ӣŷΪѾ˰벽ɣֻһһֱɽΪð취ǶһЩŷǿܵĻҪһʱڿຣڶһ֮ţţƴɱ֮УܵõĽ飬ȥŰɡ
ϱЩһһĻ̾͸Ӧǣȥ졣
ͬʱȴɫߺ󣬲ſڵ㻹ǲŷ
֪˵ʲô³Ҳδؾ֪˵ĵϸĻȻ˼£ǽŵӣһЩҲǺõģⶼͨĻҲͲˡһȻ˵
ϵͷҲ˵ʲôˡ
ŷҹһ·Ħɽ֮Ѿǣһŷҹ֮Ҳû˵ʲô̾˸ǷĶ
ԴŷҹҲûκηӦ֪֮ǰϹһƽȥԼĶ֮С
֮гһЩ򵥵ʩ֮⣬пຣ洫ӵƣЩպҪŵģһֻ¼򣬰ʶ֮֮̽ͻʾڿຣŵĴʷһЩ£ЩСܱȵġ
ŷҹҲ˽һ¿ຣŵŵʱȷǱԼûҪ
ȻĵĻǽŵ飬֮Уֻ˵ŵаħԳƽһɱ켺ͼһͳɽ硭
֮໰ŷҹҲûпʲôõĶļ׵øһЩ
óȥ̽ϢҲǲ̫ˣŮӦǱ֮ǰų˰ɣҲãǻ˲ٵ鷳ġ
Щ֮ŷҹͿʼҲǶֻǱһЩСŵҸһЩԪʼ֮ȷǷǳŨⶴ·ӦһȻĻôŨԪʼ֮
һõطҲŷҹҪģ¾׼
˭֪ո֮ˣһ붴Ǹɾִµӣȴǳࡣ
ŷ磬ԭ࿴ŷҹȻתͷǸ˵ˣȥɣѾ֪λˡ
ʦ㡣ǵӿŷҹһۣ뿴洫ʦ֣ʲô£ѿຣĳŮյֵġ
ôˣŷҹɻ
ŷ粻ӭЦ
ǵǣܽຣţҪл˺ͳСİŷҹ˵Ĺϵ˵ԶһЩ
ˣȴ˿⣬ֻһЦʵҪһϢѾڶΪ״ӣֻϢڹҪٿһʱ֮ȷ㲻ǽŵӣΪ״ӣȷλ
ŶŷҹһȻҪǲǽŵӣûаѾĽʩչҲǵעˡ
ܲܳɾ״ӣͲںİŵӵݸ¶ȥǿɾǴһˡ
ຣ⽣ŵӣǳ˳Ҳɵóȥɾһѵĵطôһŵӵİ벽ܵ
οǸΪʲô̶ȣһ֪ӦҲŽӽѾľ˰ɣȻôͳһš
ŷ磬㲻õģԲǽŵӵġȰοֻҪ㲻ǣҲκ˺ģϾϵ״ӣÿһǲ֮
Ǻǣô֪ҲǣŷҹЦ
ǽŵӣ͸֪ǿຣ֮ĶԹʱôأȻң϶Ͳǽŵӡ͵
ŷҹЦһǾ㣬һǽŵӣôţҧң
ˮڰɡŷҹҲû˵ʲôġ
ŷõرչһ£Ϊһ˵һϢ࿴ŷҹԼ˵ĻɫԵû˼֣ǸϷҪһЩ񣬺ܻܿᳬҸϣܸܿһЩܹЩȻı⣬ǵʱˣЩ֮УҲûа취ʲô鷳Щǿܵģþһʱչأûа취㡣
ŶŷҹһɻˣຣĹĶǣȻѾ̶ֳ𣬡Ķ㲻
ŷҹ˲뵽ǣһζ취ܶһʱҲûа취Լŵݵɻǲɻʼնǻ鷳ȫһƴԼʵ
ҪͺˣǼȻѾߵһ˱˵ע⣬һζҲͲǰ취ˣֻ˶ʵԽӻɣӶӹע˵Ǻ¡
ôõİ취ǴԷԼĻɣΪһǷĵĸ֣úȥ״ӣʱиÿຣԴĻᡣ
лЩŷҹһ£ٴлǴ֪ЩϢġ
ŷ粻øҿ㵱ȹҵĻлأ˿Ϊ⣬ҸǿຣųϣĸҲǣڸȻ֮Уĸգڿຣ֮ʵҸ׵Ĵڣĵλ𽪳ҲһΪ漰ǸƼˣûǰȥɽϸҼҵĹϵͬһ㣬ȻϢġ
ԭһСĵģİɡŷҹ
ҲգΪгߵĻԼҪ˶Էĵˡ
ȻδؾͻʲôǵʱƵóԼıŽݿɾعˣԷٳԼ֪ʱڿຣһͨã̾ܰԼΧɱˡ
ɲǣĸҲǸŷҪǿˣûͻİա
ȻҾͻȥˡ˵žߡ
ŷҹ͵棬ԷͻȻתʵŷ磬Ҫҵˣʲô֣
ţŷҹһݣΪԷķأһ֮̾ͷӦӦòӣûʲôˡ
ǡˡЩʧػص
ģŷҹûˣǲԼҲ˵Щ顣
ߺŷҹ̾ķ󣬰ɽӡ


602 
ôһʱ򣬿֮ͻ֪ڱչҲͲš
ͺ׽ݵǿŵһǸһЩΪ顰ӡŴ˺ͷֹ˴Ĺܵģ˵һ߼ơ
ҲǴŸС֮ˣСţҪַֻԼʦǵຣֳɵģֻҪѡͿˡ
˷֮ŷҹ̾ʶ֮ȴǽ˻ƶ
ҪԽƶͶǿຣŵģɲұ֤ⷨھͲᱻຣŵǿ߿ľٶ
ڿڻѨ֮УһжҪСССĲС
ԼͻƵʱ򣬱˿ԼõǹǿɾҲûˡ
ȻڵΪҲǵ˰벽ɵ۷徳磬òùҲ֮䣬ֻ׼Ŷѣһλûа취ͻƵĻǾҪ֮ˡ
߰ѹͨ϶ΪһͨҲʱʵͻߡ
ʱԣҪûƶԪʼ֮ṩԼ㹻ͻƵ
ֱͻƵĻȻǸӰȫġѹԼһƣԼһƶûˡ
ƶǲҲһܹʩչ֮ԴԴϵشԪʼٰ֮ЩԪʼ֮洢
һûԪʼ֮ķڽɾʱҪһЩҩ˵Ҫҵ㹻ԼյԪʼ֮Ũȵĵطܱ֤Լһڲ⡣
ŷҹɽ·һ԰˵Ԫʼ֮һĶҪõö࣬Ԫʼ֮ҲŨˣΪʵЩر𣬱˽ҪҪöֻ࣬ⶴ֮еԪʼ֮ٶȵĻδؾ͹յġ
Ϊ˰ȫǴԪʼ֮Щ洢
һʱ֮֮ǰԪʼ֮չˣļ˲СӰ죬ЩӶǸոյ½洫ӣΪⶴԪʼ֮ӡ
˵Ԫʼ֮Ǵǰ֮Ҫߵúö࣬Ҳûעˡ
ŷҹҲԼû뵽ģȻѾˣҲͣʱֻаΪ˲¶
ɴɵԪʼ֮ɵյ̬ڻƶԻƶռ䣬ЩԪʼ֮ĴͲõġ
һֻҪŷҹʱһԪʼ֮Ӧϵʱ򣬻ƶ̾Ϳ԰ѴԪʼ֮ȫ԰ŷҹͻ֧
ŷҹһտɲһʱģҪȫ׼һȻҪԪʼ֮յԼΪֹ
ǻƶװʮģȻһһ൱ʮԪʼ֮ӾǱŷҹôţҲһЩһ𶯡
ĦɽĳϺܿͷ֣ɽµڼţļٶȣһ㶼ٶǳȵģ٣ֻ˵ȡ֮еԪʼ֮
ǵĵǽͻƵʱ򣬻ı䶯ڱ䶯ˣȴûпӽȻǵעˡ
һ֮£ܶӶڱչţϾ洫Ӿסĵطֻŷҹһ洫ӣһЩƵ洫ҲǴ󲿷ʱִɵ񣬲˵ʱһЩ
ϲ֪ô£ֻ̾ͻ㱨һһֻҡҡͷ˵һ䡰ȥɣûʧһ룬Ͳٸ˵ˡ
ʧһǶһҪʧһǵʲôԵģ
ЩɾҲҲ˵һһ
˵ˣҲͷٹ飬ʱʱҪһۣʧһȥ˵Ҳˡ
ȻʧţҲûôֲŷҹʵҲоˣڿŵģȻҪһóϿڷٵؼţ϶һֻŷҹҲ֪ѾЩһˡ
һһҹ֮ŷҹͣʼȴţȴԪʼ֮ٴγĶ
ûб¶֮ǰຣǲôģõʱôֻҪȰԼΪ˽ɾ˵
֮ǰ֮ȷְѹóһͻƽɾĴ㣬ǺԪʼ֮ʱҲףʵһðյľٶԷɾȥɺˣֻҪԼɵʱÿຣŵԴɽɾʱٳʲô̽˱¶֮һ֮ຣҲκá
ڵҲŷҹӣߵĵطٻһӾˣ˵һѶȶûС
ֹһһҹóǰĵһˣٴξȵط֣Ԫʼֿʼˣұϴλ졣
ϴǻƶɣһḶ́һλǻƶɣĹ̶ˣֱӾͽŷҹڣŽɾϡ
ôһԪʼ֮ʧøӿ죬ҲͲʲôˡ
֮ͻƣڽŵ˵ȻǸӿķʽҲҩһܲҲܽͻƵĻŷҹ˵ҲһܺõĶ
һŷҹҲԼһ£ȻҲǱƵģǺôֱ취ҲЩõġ
һɹԪʼ֮ȡĹ֮Уʼûʲô˺ȻͳԪʼ֮ӦŷҹĽҪͷһӶϵ˻ƶɣǰѻƶɴ洢Ԫʼ֮˳
һʱ֮ⶴԪʼ֮Ũ˴ûйĳ̶ȣֱԪʼ֮ŨҲ˰ɡ
䡭
ŷҹĽɱɶţĲһڲĶ
һԪʼ֮۳ĽɷŷҹΧš
ʱŷҹͻɾʱյƶһţһֱûȫȻҲɶ
Ŀɲǽǽɷ򣬻һ
ԭŷҹֻɾûа취̽е΢һԾͳ˽ɾˣ۽ɷȫһƬͨһе˲䣬ǵҲʼڻںϵŷҹ֮С
ͻƽɾѾһ£˶һż
ɽ֮УܵҲֻ൱׽֮Уһ̤ͨ˹ߵżֻн˽ɾǲһʱ
벽ɣȻҲǸ֣һֱûа취ͻƽɾĻຣЩŶǡ
ŷҹЩ洫Ҳã״ҲãȻҲʦ֮࣬ȴٻǣΪҶ֪ԽˣԽӿ£Щʮ궼ûнɾˣԼעûа취ˣλעˣûôˡ


603 ׼£
ŷҹҲѾоǹڻʼҲԥҪҪھڣһԼڵĴ˵ʱܱ˷Լݣʱ򻹲֪Ҫôսһ
˵ҲԼͻƵıԵغһ״̬²ڻģڲץںϵĻǹʱԼɾ˽ɣҲ˵ܲ˵ġ
ǵǵ˽۷ʱ򣬲лԼõҲǻԵɺϣڻĻԵȻˣָﲻȥأ
һͻƽɾʱں飬Ǵûȥɡ
˵ģǵõͲǽɾģ˵еõϣҲûЩ򶼴ϣȻԼͻƽɾʱһɲȥɣ
鱾ǲȷģ˭Ҳ֪ȥ򣬾һΣŷҹͻƵʱҲٽһ״̬ܲܰɺϵڻ¼䣬ûκ˵ɵҲܡ
գ
תǧͷʵգ۵ĹûУŷҹѾһĽɷ򣬺ǵ̾Ͳһʶ֮ڡ
Щ֮һʶ֮󣬾ȻʯӦʯһʯͷ״ڷ֮Ĳ֮£ر仯ţһЩ״ǻܱ׾ıӡ
Ȼ߲֮⣬âڷ֮Ĳ֮£Եù죬ŵⷨҲرţһķӡ˽ʯŶڵѾܽнʯˣǾһѽӦóƺ߲齣
ǰѹĽ֮Ҳյǿ϶ͻ˰˲ʣЩγɵķ䣬Ȼ֪ʲô˼϶ͲСˡ
ŷҹһ˽ɾ֮Ÿоԭɽ羹Ȼ֮ƴ֮ǰİ벽ɾˮƽﱻ˷ֵĻԤʱԼûа취ӵ
ħ֮Ҳûа취ӵǿ϶ģΪʵĲʵ̫ˡ
һԪʼ֮Ѿֹͣˣڿĳϵһʱ䷢֮󣬷ǰüͷ
˵ʧôӦĸӽɾɹ˰ڣһûУûгɹ
֮ǰʧôι˷Ͱ
Ҳа취¶һֻٰ㱨һ
һ˵ʧ֮󣬾ȻƽûκεͻƼҲ΢΢һüͷȥ
Լһ⵽⣬磬ƺ˼ʲô
ĲôһüͷУƺʲôź
˵ŷҹͻ˽ɾٳֵʱѾ֮󣬲һΪǰ벽ɣֻʵǸӾһЩ
ýڸԼΪñ֪Լʵ
ñУԼиʤ㡣ʵ˱˵ǰǾǽɾҲຣſġ
ŷҹսʤһɾǿຣſɲֻһɾǽɾʵĳϣǱСɾĻҪࡣ
Ǹϣһأ϶ҪʲôˣѾ˽ɾԷ϶ͻ뵽ѵ¶ֻ졣
ŷҹҲᵽһŵĺô֮ռҺͿຣŵıء
ŷҹҲӳ֪Ҳǰ׽ӣˣģһ㶼һܶӣ˭ɵĻ͸˭
ȻҲһЩ񣬳ֻһЩ洫ӣʵģŷҹӵģ϶һ񣬸ϸƵģһЩͨ洫Ӳɵ
ŷҹҲ£ŽɾʵϿ϶벻ôѣҲֵȥִֽɶɵǾͲǵѣҪˡ
ȻԷڻֻǻɵĻǾͲܲ˴ҵĿֲܵ鶼ȻҲûа취
ֻŷҹ벻ףǸûм׶Լʲô
̬Ȳؼģȷ˵ϣֻǸйڣ˴ԣǸŷҹĹϵʵ󣬵ǸǴ˻ɣĹؼ
£ȻҲȥһһСС洫ӣûټĻôлȥӽأ
״ӣлʱʱ档Ȼ˵ԼѾĬΪ״ӣֻһܵĳϣġ
ŷҹɣڰȷһʲô飬Ϊ˴ûа취ɾʱԥذԼ״Ӵȥ
αչس֮һ۾Ϳ˼Ƶ洫ӣ·֮ǰ
ʶ֮У⼸ƺģΪԼһֵʱ̾ʹԶɾֵġ
ŷʦܳˣΪоǿϲɺءΪһٷĹӸӵ˵°죬Ҳ洫ӣĸŷʦһȥһۣ֪ûʱ䣿
ŷҹüͷһ£˵ָЩ񣬶Ҳżƣɵʵʦǡ
ǺǣŷʦܹȻһĵܵܣ֮ǰҲ˵и˳ͻĻ⣬ְӡˬʵ˵һ½ѵӣԾû뵽һͿŷʦأҲǵԵ֣֪ŷʦܲһۣ
Ҹʦ֣ƺûʲôڣ˵ҷͬţĵʲôڣҲ޹ؽҪ飬ȻҲΪС¶Թʦֶˡŷҹίƴǵ
ô˵ҲֵЩ죬ⶼǵܵĸȴ֪±ŵˣȴòʤǾĦɽҵĶ֮ڣŷֵܲöģǾǵٴҲﺦ㡣˼ͨ͸֪ŷҹֽҲеġ
ֵܸŷҹ˳ͻһоߣʱ򼸸˰һ֣ŷҹɱ˶пܡ
ڰѵص㶼˵ҲǸŷҹԼж⣬ŷҹĦɽǰĶ飬ʱ˵ִϣܷŹ
ŷҹһ£Ҫ˵Լ׼ֵҲûʲô𣬵Ǹ̸ʲôˣΪʲôȻԼ
ŷҹȻ֪Ȼչ죬ûͻƣչصʱ䣬֮ǰǴʱոպǺϣһΪǺϵ֮һ
ˣֻҪעһ£̾뵽ˣ϶ŷҹɡ
ŷҹһܰ磬ʵѾõ˴ҵĹͬϿɣֻҪŷҹĸǰ׼ԣǾֵȥƴ£
οҲõϢŷҹܿͿԳΪ״ӣȻϢûй£Ǳ֮á
ŷʦܻģǰѳʦҲһ쿴ŷҹɶ̾Ц˵


604 ܲӵ
˵ŷҹ֪̾ԷȷûҪ˼ĵλȻֻһͨŵӣ洫ӶǣǳǺµŮϻ˵Ҷ࣬˵ǸҵųɱԼŷҹǲŵġ
ΪʲôҪ£ЩףŷҹҲһ洫ӶѣͲֵȥ£֮仹ССĹڡѵ֪ԼΪ״ӣ
ŷҹ̾뵽һ㣬ܵõϢȻڻ֪׼ĸϵĿɽǺȻ׼ҲһûеġĻһоͿԽˡ
ŷҹҲûҪЩʲôϵֻԴѣҪõʲôǿĿɽҲҪߵĵλֻҪһΪٽһͿˣĶ˵ֻǸơ
һŵ˵һ춼зյģ˵Ҫ̰ͼĶôأ
лֵĺ⡭ŷҹոҪܾԶЩ˵
ŷҹûпԷѾĸǰȴϣλҲʱ̶עĶأһ̳ˣɢܣǲݵġ
ϣŷҹż˶һ
쿴˵ҪöˣϵʱҲǱֵʮֹȫûǸͰҲຣ֮󣬱øԲࡣ
ţ죬Ҳ֪Щʲôŷһε洫ӣпܽ״еˣɲҪ֣ȻҿɲỤġ˵
ţŷҹﰵЦһϻʱʱ̶̿ŸڿӰÿһˣҪùԸԼݶ˼ҲǹΪԷˡ
˵ﻰרΪŷֵܸ֮һСġҲûж˵ƺ֪һΪˣ˵ʲô֪Ħɽʲôָʾ𣿡
ûʲôϵϿŷҹŷȻһţ˼죬Ϊֽһպǰ;ǲҪٽһﵽɾĻǲеģҪƴɱһᣬ֪ԸԸס
ŷҹ֪ԷǴʲô⣬̾һЦ˵һ֪ʲôð취ֻҪµΪﵽɾķӶһհ졣
Ȼ˵һɾȴһǳҪİ취Ҳ΢΢Цһĳߣ֪Ϊ洫ӣ֮ȡڶ񣿶Щ񶼿Ա任ԴһЩԴԳΪӳɣһ棬Ĺ֮УҲŸʵսľԶԶֱȻڶ֮Уķ֮ӿٺͷ㣬ôһЩʵ񣬶һĵӣǲῪЩģȤΪȡһ£
۽Ƕ˶Ҳû˵ʲôҲ̾ϵ⣬ŶԷ棬Ȼǲ˵Щʲôˡ
ŷҹһЦȻϺ⣬¾ˣڲŸոսһЩһЩЩͷķ򣬵ȵӰЩ֮͸һȥȡЩ񡣡
ҲǰЦ֮һ飬ŷҹҲŷģǸϿ϶ô˵ģŷҹǲӦԷ϶ôˡ
Ȼŷҹֻ˵ôһ֮̾ҡͷŷȻ洫ӣвɰԼ洫ӻһʮϣɾ״ӣһϸŵһ֮ھͻƽɾĻǸŵֱֿɵá
ϵʮջŷҹɫһ£̾ΪԷĶˣ¾ͽ˵ֻԼڵʽ֮ôҲܽ뵽ɾУҲǰװ׵طˣûѹ֮µԶҲ򵽽ɷ֮ҽ㣬Ҫһε񣬸οһε¹򣬷ֱӽ洫ӵˣÿһҪȡһ񣬵ȻεҲǲܸκ˺ģֻԼһɣȻ洫ӣԶܳɳܳΪŵ˲š
Ŷϣô˵ҵܵܰҲҪˣ̾ʵ
ȻŶε洫ӣͬҲΪЩ洫ӵĳɳǵġһתͷŰ죬ܵܣҲܰ񣬷ĻɣһҪȡɻ֣㲻뺦ĻԼһȥɡ
ǣ֪ԲΪѵġЦ
ȴţԷ̶ֳȣרŷҹģĻԼһҲˣûбҪΪŷҹȥϡ
һ֣ǵȸˣϻɡ
šϿʶȤǵһ
Ű֮ŷҹ˵ҲǸİֳȻƣΪ˱Ҫռ֣ǸĻһҪСһЩຣŵȻʲô֮ͽҲѺһЩˣΪԼ棬һЩ˺ͬŵ飬ⶼδ֪ġ
֪ˣ֪εʲôŷҹʵ
ҲڰֹţϿװģͿ˼ΪΪԼء
һһϾ׹ȥȡһöŻ飬Ȼ֮˵Ǿ׹ȣҲ֤ⶫڻھ׹֮УϾĵرʱʱ죬Ǳ˵õˣҲҪ취ֻػؿຣţ񡣡Ͽŷҹ˵ҲûôѣʵɲˣҲԻܳͷ洫ӿܾҪͳŵˣʮ֮ڻĻ͵ͬ뿪ຣţͬţɹʮ֮ڶһҪ
֪ˡŷҹ˵
Ŷ˵ˣϾȵ
˵׼ŷҹѡģöԷףԼҪǱ˵ҲһһѡҲûʲô˵ˡ
û뵽ŷҹһھӦˣЩСС⡣
˵һҪ𣿼ȻҵȻֻܽˡŷҹ˵
ҲãһҲΪţ˳ˣһġϲյ˵
лϣҪ֪֮ʲôŷҹʵ
ǺǣȻҲʮַḻģһؼķһֻǻѣûزֻһžŻ飬⽱ҲǿԷġϿŷҹֻǶЩ⣬ΪǱͷˡ


605 
ţ֪ˡŷҹϵͷҾȥ׼һ£һϣ֮ǰܻܲؿຣš
ǺǣȻǲܵģһֱ֮УɵԴǾʧȥǿˣⱾǳ˿֮һûа취ĻҲ͵˳ຣˡϺǺЦ˵ЩֻһЩ½洫ӵģ֮ǵõϿɣûκɵ֮󣬾ͲƣеӾͽӣӾͲӣҿԸκһֻҪԷҲͬģǾͿԹͬ񣬵õһȻԼȥ䣬ŲȥԤô㻹ʲô𣿡
ŷҹˣ¾һ˵İɣ˵ÿһ˶Ѷȳߵǿ϶ǰЩ벽ɶŵ˱˵֮УϻԼ޶ôˣԷǲưոݵġ
ԼѾſຣŵԴɾ˽ɾĿѾﵽˣ˿ຣţҪԪʼ֮ɾǼǲ̫ܵġ
Լٰѹһգͨ϶Ϊһʵ㲻ԺɨɾҲӦǲˡ
ǰĻھ뿪ຣţԶٻȥѰĪѩȥҲ׬ˡ
ûˣлϸôһ´λҲһšŷҹЦŸл
֪Ǻǵص˵ͷţ֮У֪ģǲˣܺãԽˣຣžʧḻȱȽǣֻҪԺҽӣ϶кܶġ
ȴǲЦŷҹ̫ˣһεܻܲŻһҪһٽʵûмôɵСˡ
һΣҵҲһʲСӣĻĻʵ̫ΣֱһЩͨŵӶ硣
лϡŷҹٴл
Ͽ鶼ˣ̾ת뿪
뿪˲ãһγϲ֮󣬲ŷҹǰŷֵܣ֪һΣ쵽ʲô񣿡
ȥ׹ȣȡһžŻ顣ŷҹҲûҪ񾿾ء
һǼʶˣЩϢʮа˾Ŷ֪ġ
һϢ̾ɫ䣺Ҳ̫һЩֱҪ
Ŷŷҹ΢΢һüͷô˵ѵʲôΣ
ûʲôǽɾ״ӶȥӣΪǿžŻѾھ׹ȣһڤεĺ»һȺ۷ϣһֱڰڤɽһɲСǿû˸ȥǵĵͷȥʲô˵ǵĶˡ˵
ССİ벽ɣҲôţŷҹеˡ
ڤǰ벽ɲ٣ĸ׿һǲĴ˵ɽҲв֪ģǿҲһˣڤ˵ʱҲһǿаһ֮ĶӻڤɽһۣǿڤѾľ磬ɱĶӣҪǵŭڤΣΨһһӣɱǲֵܷġ
ԭŷҹףԭɱȻ
һԼǸʲôŻ飬ҲһǸڤνɱڤεĻŭǿˣھԲǶ֣Ҳڽ赶ɱˡ
ˣҿŷֵܣ㻹ȥճϰɣϰ飬˵ܰεһ£ǲܵĻοײ·ˡѵ
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ʵѾ˼ƽϣȥ£ƱػǷǵ飬ɲŷҹҪġãҲԼĹ֮ڣΪȷǾȹ˳࣬ŻöԷຣⲻǹ֣ˣﵽǣĳ̶ȣǿɾЩ鷳ˡ
£Ҳֻճܰ˵ϼ仰ЩǸȻǰ׼ȻҲ˵ϻŷֵҲҰ׼ҵˣȥ˵ĻһûЧһϢй¶˳ȥǶ˭á
ŷҹû뵽Էô˵ʵ¶׼ҵҲûʲôϵԷ̹׵˵ҲǺˡ
лˣ飬ҿԽлˡŷҹȻЦһҵҪһ£ҪȥǸڤεĻȥ˵ڤɽӦҲǲСķΧҪһ׵鰡
ʲôҪȥڤΣԭΪŷҹİ취һ֪һﾹȻҪȥڤΣŷֵܣҪɱͲһõǿ֣Ǳ֪ɱĶڤΣԼлõŸĽ֮һֱû˽ӣǴҶڤζԸˣǸڤ̫ˣɲҪ벻ȻҲЩ㣬취һ£תҲ˵׼
ǺǣˣҲȥɱڤΣȥǾŻ飬ȻĵرǾһļֵܳ۸Ҳǿϻġŷҹ˵
ϾͲдϡ㵱ɵӰˣҲȷѾŻ黻ǿɲһһؼܻģҲ˵ŷҹҪǶҪļֵԶԶŽҪ飬ȷɵӶȥġ
ðɣȻ֣ҾͰæ콩һ£ŷҹûɿڵ˼ȻţҲԷ˵ڤڰڤɽģһڤ޹ȵĵطûгȥٵĻһλ˵Σʵܶ˶֪ȻҲŲٵķǴȥĻַӾȥΨһɵģĸڤѣҪˣһȥˣܲٻɾ˵ˡ
лˣ֪Ҫô֮ǰ׼ֵܺȾơŷҹ
ϣܻɡֻҡҡͷԻȥˡ
Ҫŷҹ£һ£û뵽СһҪѰҲסģ֮ǰԸϽԹˣʮа˾ŶҪ棬££Ҳûʲôˡ
תһ룬ͻȻŷҹĴ㣬ŷҹһرǾŻ黻Ǿϵĵѣ֮ȥճϻŸ³ϣһ˵ȻͻϷѣЧԶԶֱ³ȥǰ顣
Ļ
ţŷҹһеȷǹǿģȻȥʧ˸ķĳɹˣպǸϿ϶ûʲôٸˣҲԷһССĳͽ䣬Ϊ˽Թȥ洫ӡ


606 Ƕ
ôһŷҹҲȥע⣬ȻʧСڴϾ׬İ
Ȼ֪ŷҹǲģʮа˾ģΪŷҹôҲһûӵˣ־϶Ҳ뷨һľͳ嶯̶ֳȵ¶
֮ŷҹ̾ȥڤɽˡ
϶ҪȥģɲȥҪǸڤθɱˣȻǿɱҲɱˣĻŹ˼ɣɱˣȴ⣬ֱɱˣʡ£Ҳˡ
˵Ǹڤ׷ɱŷҹȻӣҪԼҲҵõԼ˭а
ֻ΢΢һ˼̾һ׾⣬֤ǸڤԼ鷳¶ҪɵĻҪٵһǸڤ϶ʲôöһҪȽϴĶ
ʱĶǰŷҹѾأ̸˵ǰŷ磬ڳˣҪСһЩǸѾ׼ˣʲôѵĻҾ͸ĸȥ˵һġ
ˣѾһ񡣡ŷҹЦЦҪһСæҲһһڤεˣ϶ʲôñ
ڤΣôôϤһûһСͱɫˣȥɱڤΰɣ찡ǲܵģŷ磬ǧȥڤһɱģ˵ɱĶӣĶΪУֻǴĶӣҲŹģڤǸˣ̵һˣĴ˵Ƕ˺ööˣûκһ֮µˣȥڤεˣҲȥǣȫǲǵΪҪ֪ڤûмܵˡ
ЩȲÿǣֻһСæͺˣҪôȲùܣҲȥӲƴ֪֮һеġŷҹǺǵЦЦ
ǸڤΡȻ֪ŷҹҪʲôҲܲȥ˻ˮǸŷҹ˵ţ˵һһѰƿҩǶ¹ĸͷֻҩĻһҩҪЧö࣬һһžŻ飬ⶫҲǻҩž޴ãʥҲһ˵Ż飬ܸʥ֮еκһֽϣֻ̾Ǵ˵ѣɽҲûʲôɼʥ˵ֻ𣬶磬Ҳ½֮еģɽõͲܡ
ŶȻ飿ŷҹҲĶˣܵõ˾Ż飬Ҳˣȫϳһ𣬶ԼҲĪĺô
ҪȥһܲڲĶ£ǾŻŪڿûҲҪȥһڤɽܵõǸŻ飬ǻƶٽһҵʱͨںʱҲ˼
ŷ磬㲻Ҫɣ˵ڤ͸ڤõģȲ˵ôǸڤѾ˲Ҷ˼ˡ౻ŷҹıһǷǶܸȤӡ
ǺǣҿɲȥȥֻҪ̰ģһܻһŷҹЦ
ǲܡǰͷҡø˹һŷ㲻֪Ǹڤξһǿȥʱǰ㶼ˣŷʵǿܴڤεķΧӳǸҲͽ˶ԹǸڤǲģʱֻԼккôġ
˵ҲԣҾٿһ°ɡŷҹͷ
ڸ֪ϢҲ֪ˣҪжʱˡŷҹҲ˵ʲô֮ԼȥˣûбҪ˵̫ࡣ
ҲҪˣǸڤйص飬϶ʲôӦ飬һҪ㣬һҪĸȥ˵ཹؾҪߣȻתͷŷңǧҪȥǸڤΣȥȥ
ðɡŷҹӦһҾߣҾ˵ڴ̽Ϣ
ţͺáŷתȥˡ
ŷҹ뿪̾һѾ𣬽ŽŲͬһɽŷȥˡ
Ϊ洫ӵƣŵĵӺ׾ͰųȥˣŻһ»㱨
˵ŷҹѾɽ΢΢ЦЦŷһˣԭ˵ӵʱ̫ãҪȥߴһ£ڿǱûҪˡ
ȵ˳һصŷҹĶʱŷֶԷѾˣһˣҲû¡
һŷҹȻɽˡʱţᶼҪ
ˣҲһˣ϶ǲһȥԼҲ϶ҪôŻôߵġ»ȰŮˣ˵ĸҲܲˣѾϵ飬˭Ҳı䲻ˣ׷ȥʲôأҲǲµֽԲ뿴ΪѣŻԼ˵ġ
ŷһߣ¾ͻΣյģУҲҪһȥڤɽ̾š
֣̾ͺǳڤɽҲȥ𣿾Һ㸸ףҲȥڤɽǸڤΣο㣬벽ɶﲻһССɣڤɽ֮УֻǻһŻҽ
ô죿ֻŷȥ𣿡ε
˵һˣ֮ǰʵ߾ͿԿκ飬Ƿǳ侲ÿһ飬֪Լʲô嶯ȥ£ԼȻȥˣ϶ļƻֻҲ²ҪôŮ˵ҲǾţ㲻˵ԽɾҲһս֮𣿻ڻٴ漣أ
Σֻǿ˿ɽŵķҲ֪ȥŷҹҲ϶ϲ϶Է
ŷҹȻȥҲ׷ϵġ
ŷҹһ·жȥܿѾ뿪˿ຣŵķΧ֮ڣǿ룬ǾЩ̫ģһֱ֮󣬲˻ƶ֮С
ٳŻƶһƿȿռ䣬Ҳ֪Խ˶صĿռ֮󣬲һ̽ΪʱӣѾԭŷҹٰŷ·Ҳԭģû˿ຣŵӵĶ
ͬʱҲرŷϢʧˣǲ֪ǵ׷٣ʲôΣգ֮һŶûУҵΪܲ׽κϢҲ֪СӲصȥ
ǾͲعˣҪʱȻͻġһƺǶŷҹȥ򲢲ôģһȥصĻҪô˵˾ǽŵģйҪô˵ûʸΪҵ״ӡ


607 ڤ
ϴ׶ˣһȴ̾վĿҲ͸һտ˹ȥ
Ƭ֮ҲҡҡͷȻˣȴһϲСӣɲҪʧҵһ죬ǵ˺ܾˣ
ŷҹȻҲ֪ľٶ֮ǰһֱڹעţΪСȷǰѿຣŵһжڻƶһӡ
ڻƶԳɿռĶٱŷҹýŵķӡٴķҲûа취ٲǡ
ӻƶ֮ŷҹһȦڸطԼ㼣Ȼһ·ռƷҩȥ
ŷҹһʦҪҩȻҲһҲֻҪԷõóؼƷʵķҲһõóһѵؼƷʵı
̶̵ʱ֮ڣŷҹ˳ȥһרռҩˣһóѵؼƷʵ񽣵ˣȻǺ׾ͳ˴ҹעĽ㡣
ЩҲûʲôȻŷҹ֮ڣҲεΧɸƽˡ
˲ɱΧҪ񽣵ˣ඼ˣȴһҲû
һ֮ŷҹ߼ûʲôٸ鷳ˣҩˣȴǶ˲١
ΪһֱһСطţҲûԶߣʱ䣬ҪһѺýˣǳطۼ
һССӣȻΪһ˶
Щ˵ĵûŷҹжྪϲֻǵһѣŷҹҪģ޴Ժʱʲôҩһ񽣵ˣøֽȥˡ
ʲôһƶѣҪҵĵؼɽ
ŷҹ˵һ仰ѶԷķһԴܸɽˡ
ĻҿһѵؼƷɽûеĻﲻٳʮ죬ҪˡŷҹЩ˵
ûЩ͸¶Լ֣Щ˶ˡ
˵أ˶Ĳ²⣬ЩѾµˣǽŵӣຣŴĽţ벻֡
ȻϢȻҲǳ˳һɵ˿ຣŵĶǵຣȥ׷ɱŷҹʱŷҹҲƾʧˣûʮԼ˵߾ˣֻ˵Ĳ²⡣
ǸǽŵˣСƳؼƷķҶõĶûһ⣬˵ֻҪóܻȡķ˵ִ󻰵ˣ¼Ҳֻн˰ɡƲš
˭ҲûпĽŴˣЩֻǲ²ѣຣŵĵƺӡ֤һǸȷԼ˵ȷǽŵӡ
ຣȻÿ죬ȴһջûУͺŷҹ֪˻ԸһǰһѾˡ֮ຣŵڸǧ֮ڣϸȴһûҵ
ŵһҩһɵġ
˭Ҳ֪ҲûǸ˵ʲôΪǸһһ˵ϵŵӣǸǿຣžҪʡ¶ˡ
ǽһʱȺദ˽ŵӵĴˣҲûбص㣬ֻǶżȤ
ÿÿຣŵһǰŵӾѾʧˣ׽ЩƬҪ׼ʱ
ô֮󣬼ʮ֮ڵˣ֪һƽŵӵˣһҪõľȥļɽҲ۱
˵⼸ѽû̫ǾȵǣЩһԣǾƺ޵ĳɳռ䣬Ҳ˵˵ΪѽÿһζܵõһδѽһΪŵĻһ֮л֪ɱٴء
Щ֮⣬ڷһ飬ŷҹȻûһĹɣƺһĿ꿿ţǾڤɽ
˭֪ڤɽڤǶԷһķһɲһ˿ˣǶŷҹ˽˶ڲ²ţڤɽߣĿ϶ɡ
ô˶֪ϢڤΪڤɽǿͷӣûп˿ɲһµ´ʱҲ²صŷҹȥء
ŷҹҪȡϵڤҲҪ˵֮еĽ񽣣ȻҪҪ
һǿһӳиҵǿǺǣĵؽ֮УҪķֻܸԷһ½ѵˡ
ʵϣŷҹûд⣬ֻҪڤɽ;ԲŵӺúõعȥӶԷϹһˮǲưոݵġ
ŷҹȻûбܻ䣬רڤεģ˵·ȻۣջŰڤɽȥ
ڤɽ֮Уһֱڴ̽ŷҹϢڤΣҲϲ쳣Ҫȥŷҹģ˵ӵü죬һ˭Ҳ֪Բˡ
ǶԷȻԼİ˳ڤɽˣ͵һֱҲŲ֪ٵɽҪĶ֣ŷҹɱȳĸ󻼣ܸԼõһķֺ¶˭᲻Ҫأ
ҲǺܺĵģֻҪԷ֮ǰǿöԷӵġ
ŷҹҡڵڤɽڣȥʱڤѾȲذеĿռ䶼ӡˡ
ŷҹʱһûгԾֻ̧ͷӰֵĵط
ڤΣŷҹʡ
˵һֱҵڤʡ
ֻһѣģ˵ԺҵˡŷҹֻǵЦš
˵Ҳǣڻǻŵģ˵׼һͻˡڤβв˵
ŶôҵƺǺܴ󰡡ŷҹ΢΢ŵȻҪǴǿˣ㲻ҪĻֻ˵ˣҾϲҲǿȡ顣
ڤδЦţ㾹Ȼ˵ǿȡ᣿
ҲЦΪǾһȺǿȻ˸˵ǵĶһЦôҲû˵ôЦЦˡ
ŷҹȴǾţôǲ𣿲ǲһͻܾεĽףΪһĶĴ
ʲôۣҵҪȻŷҹѾԼˣڤҲ
ŷҹ΢΢һ̧֣кһһѹ⻪һ֪ǷƷ񽣳ŷҹ˵ͨ
߽񽣺϶Ϊһ߰񽣵ʺŵ㣬һӽһûˣҲһ۾ͿĲ
ѽֵͨҪ֮ϣѽ㻻ԼԿ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ͨѽҪˡڤǵϣҲֳ˼̰֮⡣


608 
ڤ뵽ŷҹĽ϶Ǵû⽣ŵĽȻõ̶ֳȣҲ̲סھҪȥˡ
ô˵ͬѽˣŷҹʵ
ڤٴθԼһЦָŷҹ֪Ļڣ֮⣬ûи˵ҪһΪӴֻֻҪǺöӶҵ˼𣿡
ˡŷҹˣ㲻һǾ͸ˡ
˵ѾȥҪ뿪ӡ
վסӿǰͨķݶϣֻҪǰѽ£ͿԷһ·Ƕ⿪ͲлˣڱӵߣٶͬͨķǱһҲ㡣ڤοŷҹȰв˵
𣿿ǴҪҵͨ𣿡ŷҹҲǹһЦ̫ˡ
ڤε˶ëɣǼٱİ벽ɣҲвٵӲͷǴûп˱˵ġ
ǲ׼ҪһĻҿ»ҪΪһ£ҪҵĶͲܹҲǵˣŷҹ˵һЩȥ

ڤοҲһִ֪ˣһ֪ŷҹֶλ֮ϣӲһĻʮа˾ҲǸԼһ⽣ñˣӦǱѪŶԣ
ҩ˵ҩ˵ãߣȴһҩûƹֻһ
൱ǽɾȫһҲһܰٵˣЩ벽ɵֱǴ´ࡣ
ڤһӶ֮УǿɾͲˣЩ˶ûܵŷҹķ̾һƬҺ
Ҳ۷壬еҲǰ벽ɵĴڣʵϣڤҪ࣬ҲǸ˵ʣϷġ
ŷҹΣһ־ɱУʱڤЩ¸ˡҲЩȵǣȻһĶûУ˶
Сӣ˱ӵĵϣ㾹ȻҪȳָҶڤδŭƺû˸Ҳġ
ǺǣڤΣΪ벽ɾȴĵ飬ҾͰɱˣҲеˡŷҹȴҲżƵسƺҪԷζһ
ˣҲǲǽŵӣҲǸոɽ֪Ĺƣ֪˭ڤ֪˲öԸγУǰ;ϣҲЩԷʾԼݡ
ңһһ֮ϵ𣿡ŷҹһüëǸѾ֪ˣ㻹ʲôҲ֪ϢڿԸϽ˵ˣȻŲ˶ãûʱ˵ˡ
㡭ڤԭΪԷǲ֪ݺͺ̨ŸԼ֣û뵽Էһר̳ġ
һССİ벽ɣ͸Ҹ׿ѵű֪
ֻôһ£̾ͷԼˣȻУĿռҲûбƿȴûа취ռ䣬Ǳһ
һǷͬСɣԼԳɿռȻҲᱻ˸һֱôȥǲǱ˷ӡһ
ǳ̣֮ŷҹܰƿġ
뷨Ҳֻǳ˶̶̵ļӶѣԶԶлҪ޴
֮УҲһֻ޴Ķֻȫܱȵ˵ģһ֪ŷҹνҪȫһζѡ
ƾŷҹе޶ֱһһ£ȻãӦǻڶԷһ·ǴŶ϶ͼġ
㾿˭ҪʲôڤδʵԼٲ˵ĻѾûл˵ˡ
ҪĵȻһķˡŷҹһЦһķϴ˶ˣҲǳˣ㣬Ҳ޳ȥĵطȥɡ
ˣ֪ǽŵӴˣڤǸԹ޳ҲԹŹң۲ʶ˵⳥Σڤβ˵
ʱ̾뵽Ҫһһ˾ڤҲһ˾ֻϧ˸ӲöԸ
ȻҪҸϲϰȡ˵ҲˣֻеѣҵĶòƻֻ࣬ɡŷҹǺЦ˼Щڤοȥ
ܻķۣһһŻ飬һϵҲһĻ֪ܷŹһΣڤν˵ֵߣȴԸڤǽһԵһɱҵĻպ󻹻鷳ҲδؾӦ˵ģ֪Σ
ڤβǶ֮֮Ժ£һ˶ܸ˵ˡ˶ҪǵķоŻĺöǱȲԼģҲ൱Ĵ
õܲˣĺ¶ǲң˭Ҳȥðɱ˵Σգȥˡ
˵õҲֻô֪ǾŻǲһöأóɣĻıҲ˵ŷҹƺҲԥһ¡
Ż黹ڤɽеĶҪĻͰҵĽ⿪Ҵһȥڤε۵һ˿â
ǺǣڤɽǾ˰ɣɱ㣬ȥһҲһŷҹҲһЦԭһᣬ㾹ȻҪˣȻˣȥɣһΣǱһܷͷѣҲδؾҵõ
Ǵ򲻹ŷҹصĻڤҲδؾҵõϾԳɿռַʶΧ֮ڣҲδؾܱԷˡ
ڤַƷʱŷҹĻƶҪǿҲδؾڤζ֮󣬻ҵĻʾǲġ
ȻڤȻҲ֪ŷҹҪصĻ治ôױҳŷҹţгһҲǱȻһ⾰ڤҲϴҲδؾ͸˵һֵˡ
ڤ˼תȴѾ̾Ϳʼŷҹˣ˲Ҫ嶯ҸոտʧǣŻҵϣ͸ˣ̧ܸ֣һղɱ֮Ҳк񱨡
˵ѾһžյĻ˳ȥ
ӣֶεĻҲ൱׶ԸģڤȫôԳɿռûа취ٶһ£ǻŻĻ˵׼ԼûжѾŷҹˡ


609 ʶ
Ȼڤζķһģ£ҲòΪԼİΣ룬ɲԸΪһԼȥġ
Żһŷҹ̾ʩչ֮󣬰ǿžȵӸȥħĻ󣬼ǷַӾͰ֮еĻھǰžŻ׳ȥڤҲûа취ȥˡ
ŻȻûħǱϾһܸħںһƷȻֻһǵ۵Ļ϶µһ
ڵŷҹҲܰӸںˣĻȥûа취ȥˣຣŵЩŷҹЩء
ţȻһñŷҹ
ȻؼˣҲܰⶫ׳ġڤЦ˵
ǳ궼Ǵٸ·ɾΪʱ˵һʱ֮仹Щϰء
˵ԼٰҲ׳ȥֻϣԷʳԵʱͻȻŷҹ֮С
Ҳһʲôٷຣ洫ŷڴˣ־ܣ
ǺǣһСС洫ӣ͸ҵǰˣ𣿼ȻҪˣҾƫƫԸڤΣȥɣˣҲŷҹӻƶﴫ˳
ڤǸζҲ֪ǸϲǸǣ˵æǺ¶˰֣˵ܰ˸ˡ
һ˲ԼľŻҲˣҲòˣͻȻ˸ŭˣԼľŻ鲻ǰ
֪óǲͿʡ
ûʱȥˣΪŷҹĹѾӿڤڲˣ￪ʼŷ˵粻ƫƫѾѶԷ˵ˣȴðģѶԷŭ˲Ҫùȴ֮ǰͳȥľŻҲǰ״ˣж൹ù
ŷҹĹɲͨһ¾ͽˣٿŻƶ޴ײȥĽ֮Уһײ֮̾Ͳƣ֮ڻһ
Ƭһӱƶ֮ĥȻȲϻƶּ𣬿Ҳϰڻƶ֮ķ˵ֶ߲ܵġ
һּ룬ͶһŷҹͨһͨݲñӼ纬СҲ׾ͼ뵽ͨΪĲϣͻ⣬ܻͨ˻ٵ
ǻƶǺɰٴһʲôķյԼ棬Լһʳĺ÷
ŷҹִ򷨣ڤԭĻֵܵһ뷨Եжôɣֻܾضţ֮ɵԼôȫûмʱ䣬Ѿ¹䵽ϣֻҪһմЩ̾Ƕ۾һŶԷȥȫȥٿصӡ
ڤΣ㻹ӵȥ־ɣŷҹӿн¡
ƶҲͷһӰڤ˶˻ƶ

ڤδˣԴԴϵӿҿԼҵˣ˸ܵ˷һʱЩʧɫⱾ˳飬ڱ˸ʾ˳Ƕֱ𺳵ĸо
ס֣
ŷҹڤ֮󣬿Գһ˵ŷҹĿຣ洫ŷӡ
ֻһ̳̾ڿнһƺǰǻƶסһڿʾȴôҲûа취ϳ
ڤεһҲǷ׷׳֣ǻƶȥ
ֻǵĻ˭ҲȥǸƶùͷǵǰͷͷ󣬶ҿȥ˱ոյһҲʲôҪȻҲܰƶӿռϳˣʱȻҪΪԼҵڤιƴһˣȻڤ֪ˣڤαץߣǾôؿһûУǾʮҲİ
ŻƶȴһŻֻŷӻְѻ浲£ҲܵȫŲٵĻڤȥ¶ճˣûս֮
ŵӣŷҹԼ˵仰űԼٿŵĻƶʵҲеȤˡ
λŷһҪڤιӣʱڤ˱л溰
Ѿ֪ûŷڣ˶˵Ķ֣ڤηɣŷֵĻһߵϣ
ǷģһĹӸȳŷҹЦ˵
һϷһЩ֤ˣǸڤλҪ˿һˣټȥǲ֪Ҫٺˣɱ˸ɾ
һ⻪յɽ֮ͬս١
âѸٰǻƶһ֣˶âյ۾£ƶһ죬֮ͻȻ֮ʧˡ
һĻҶƶʧ֮ǸץߵڤҲ¶ֻǴʱڤΣѾһˡ
ҷ׷׶ڤΧȥһ֮£ʱǱһЩ˶ǸڤζģЩǴڤʱһֱڤɽ⣬ҲǱﱣڤεġ
ڤˣǿڤεŭǵùľЩˡ
ŷһߡθ֮гȥ
ŴҾ͸оһѵ𶯣Ǹ֣ⷽԲĿռ䶼÷飬ٿʱѾûصĿռ䣬һӰһӰļս
ŷҼˣŸǿຣűǲݣһֽ̣һҪ£ٶ㲻ҪΪ㣬ŵӣʱд裬ڣ
ƶһȣϵҲûһٴα仯ӰŸԶȥ
еŷҲһǵӰ׷˹ȥ
ӴҶˣຣŵŷҲǸˣ˼ҪߣǻǺ׵ģֻŷһߣʣ¾ǵ¶ˣô¶ڤ
㿴ңҿһ٣ֻܳ̾һʵ˵ȽϺðɣ
ڤɲһˣ֪ƭǿɲǻкý顣
ŷҹһϷɹذǿžŻõԼһҲˣνһãžŻ飬治Ҫຣˡ
𣬱ƶˣǿǾ޴ĺôǸ˿ຣţǿǸԼĵɲôɵ
ҪôƻʱͻȻоղһӰԼ֮ڡ
벻ຣŵӣһϷȴƭһĴˡһЩ˿ʾҪôˣǲ̫ܰɣǿžŻңϷ򻹿ԷŹһ
˭ŷҹͷǸˣѾ֪ҵļƻҲûʲôȻˣ͸֪ΪžŻ飬˲ٵѪҪҲԣ൱Ĵ˵Ҿͻῼǻ㣬ֻһ˶ѡ


610 ʴ
ǺǣһˣܿϧϷϲ⣬ŻȴǸȤǺܣֻܳܽɾŭˡǸһݵͷӣֳһȣȥι״ȴҲһķСӣ㲻һ벽ɶѣȻϷݵòȴǷϷģҪôߵĻǾ޿ܵġ
ŶһõĽǿߣȻҪһžŻ飿ҿӣƺûôɣڽɾ˵㲻ʲôñǰеԵɸңҲĻӸ㡣ŷҹɻ˵
ǺǣҲ޷Ż飬Ȼ̫֮ߣȴйصΪһɣһ㶼ȴ֪Ż飬ļֵһ㣬ŻҩĻʲôҩĹЧǧɵãЩˣȴֻĹǿһȺرȥ֪ĴͷٴνЦ¼䣬֪ܵģҲΩҩһĵϵˣҩǣ˰ɣ
ˡŷҹͷҲף飬ԭ͸һڵܣȻǵϵ֪ĪҼҩڣ
ŷҹҲ֪ҩڵͷǿһҩɽţȻʵȿຣţΪǶҩΪҵؾ֮Уɽͷ˿ȿຣŲ
Сӣ̫ҩڴˣôһܵģҩǶԼֻʣһѹͷļ򣬻ЦͣϷ֮Կϸ㣬ΪѾҪˣǾŻ齻ɣѾϷµĶǻһøʹһٱ
ŷҹɫ䣬ؿڣ㡭㡭ҡû¶
ҲЦҩǣϺͿˣ㲻֪һ˵ʣ򶾲ңҲ㵹ùˣ
򶾲֣ҩǾȵؿŷҹۣҪȷһ£Էûжһ֮۷Ź⣬ȷûжϷȻûпȻһ򶾲ֵʣܺãСӣϷͲɱ㣬ԸֻҪ㽻Ż飬ҾͿΪͽҩԺ󡭡
ޡŷҹ˵꣬Ѿһĭȥ
ҶˣŷҹҲôһ˵Ҳ̫ˣҩҪϵˣǵøͷƴɡ
ͷһĶҩҲκβңƾʲôѾŻ㣿ŷҹǺЦ˼һոջҪɱҶᱦˣҾҪʦҲῼôûе½ڲ٣вҪϹͷ
Сӣ㲻ҪΪ򶾲֣͸Ϸǰţҩ֮УǶҩ˫Ϸͳȫ㣬Ī˵ɱĶҩͲ֮Уǲöҩ㲻һ벽ɵСӣҪҶԿ
ҩһĲм֮仹û˸˵Ķ
򶾲֮壬Ȼò࣬Ҫ˵ܿסĶȴǲˣոЩûɱԷֻΪСŷҹûиԼ֮ҩ
Ī˵ŷҹһ벽ɣһСı֣ҲһΪ³
ǺǣһɾȻҲڤεľŻ飬Ͳڤɱ𣿡ŷҹЦЦţƾҩڵʵڤҲ£ȥҲܳŵס
˵˵ҺʱڤεľŻ顣ҩϼһһЦҿеģϵľŻѡ
ǵȻǰڤε㲻ȥһֱڵȺʵĻᣬˣ㷢־Ż䵽ҵͳûҪȥһֺ̰ŷҹҲЦ
СӣܴٴҲֻܵΪֹˣҲ뿪ҩǿŷҹ¶ҵȷǿǾŻѾ˺ܾã㲻ҲҪһᶯ֣ڸã˵ܲڤȻǸõģ˵ɱ㣬ڤҪлңŻ˵һͨĶɱ֮ˣ϶ٸһЩлġ
ǺǣҲҪţǸ˳ˣ㶼ˣȥ˳أŷҹһЦͻȻ֮ģ
СӣߣҩǻһƬҩ̳
ҩӭһʴաƬ֮䣬ѾƬճƬƬǽ塣
ŷҹһûпҩŭĿ
СӣýƻȻҲӵˡҩǺ޺޵صڤֻҪϢ֪ͨڤСӾܵĺǣҲܶùڤ׷ɱһֱˣֻܵɡ
ҪɱԹ޳𣬱ȡڿһ̫ʴˣ㣬ȥɣڸոձʴһƬ֮УͻȻ֮ŷҹð˳һҩǡ
紴ʥһ㣬˶Ϊ֮һһ˲䣬ǹâѾ䵽ҩǵϡ
ۡ
ҩǿֻһ͵ĹâΪǶԷƣ˭뵽ǹâһӴϣ̾ͱǿޱȣһͰҩֽɾֶˣʵ붼벻
㡭㲻ǰ벽ɡҩԼ˿ڣЩŵ˵
㾹Ȼܿóǽɾĸ֣ȻҲͲˣҵȷǽɾҿһһĽɾŷҹ΢ЦſҩǣҪ̶𣿡
롭ҩЩ˵
ܶԷ˵Ǽ٣ǽǳԶˡ
ֻϧⲻ㲻ͿԲõġŷҹҲûдŹˡ
İҩǷߣ֮ǰڤɽݵһϷһҲûУԼôֻ뿪ຣţһôҲò
Ȼ뿴ֻܰҪûٵļһ
˲ͱ仯Щ֮УһƵڲţĲȥǼ򵥣ŷҹķûа취Ƶúܺһֻŷҹĵ֪ǲΪһ
ҩǽŷҹ¼ҩۣȥһնɫûмʶˣҲ֪ЩĿ֮Ѱ棬Ҳᱻˮ
ŷҹȴһҲģ˿û͵ش˹ȥ
ͨĴ˶Һ֮УѸٵرЩҺմȾСһŽ֮š
ŷڵˣҵʴ֮մȾķҲܶκεҵķһѽɱ㣬ɾһĽҲѽҫɣҩҲóŷҹһʵܶ඼ѽϣѽŷҹǱȥ͵צһ
ϧûˣҪҵĽ㻹ʸءŷҹҲһЦͨϵĶɫڷɿţûгֹһ


611 
ôܣô£ĽʲôΪʲôҵʴ֮ûа취ƣҩǾȵ˼㣬һ˫۾ɵúҪӶڵһ
ǶҲǸСѣϲᱻⶾմȾķ˵ǧҲ϶аټ㾹ȻԲѣ˵ʲôûʲôеֵùⶾմȾЩСµķˡŷҹŶԷĶ˵ҵķĶԼⶾմȾˣҲһʲô⣬Ϊʲôʴ֮˫𣿡
ܣǷҲˣҾ֮Ҳܿסҵʴ֮ˣԸ˶ϣҩǺ޺޵˵ǲŵɫϾʵ̫ܽˡ
˾ٸߵľ磬Ҳûа취涾ûа취ȥıһ˼άŷҹȴ˵Ķûа취Ʒ˶ɾڻöζܵġ
ܺãҾ㿴ĶҵǶôɿЦŷҹ֮䣬ѾץȡһɫյԼڣȻæ
ŷҹֳɫȻͿֻһ˲䣬Էת£ŷҹѾ֮ǰȫһ˿ʲôˡ
⡭ҩǿĿɿڴȻѾˡ
ȥɣͰ˵ģȥԲðɡŷҹƺ˵Ц㿴ҲһöĴңܳĹң˵ûܷһ·ǲܵĻֻ·һˡ
ҩǲһ֮̾һ˳Ըֻһ·
ܺáŷҹ̵ͷЦ
һ˲֮УҩǵͻȻðһһϸϢ֮Ѿŷҹߣ׼Ҫŷҹһֲ
ֻϧֻŷҹߣ̾ͱһɾ޴סֺǰ
֪㲻ô˳ӣȻҲֻ·һˡŷҹһǧӰںϵһ𣬡򽣹һĶһǿɡ
򽣹һҩƺ뵽ʲôɫ˲ͱǺȻǡ
ûаһ仰˵꣬ȻһͨĽ֮建صȥ
ŷҹ˶ԷһۣȻҩˣҲһҩĸ֣ǿоȴǴ͸öǱҩ˳֣ɱˣŷҹҲûʲô
֮䣬֮У˳ְҩǵĽָߣЩʲô
һĶǲ٣һЩ򵥷һЩǵҩҩ֮ĶҩǵҩҲûʲôر𣬱ԶֲͷһڤΣҪһѶԷɱˣΪĿɲֻһžŻ顣
ŻдãҲһֻһ˵ϣҲͲ̫鷳ֻҪڤθɱ֮ҪĶõ
ֻڤ˵һܴвŷҹôһƣҩڶҶء
ҩҲû룬ûһʵŷҹôȥһĶӣһǶӡ
Ϊŷҹļıȴû뵽ȥһԼʵȥŷҹֻ֣ôһߵĽˡ
ŷҹ̤֮̾Ͽຣŵķ֮·ЩҲʱʱ̶̿ЧǿຣĹӦ֮£Чõģŷҹ˾Ż飬ҲҪصຣŵĻᡣ
һ·ϣҲһЩţȥڤε飬Ҳ϶˴˳İ汾ڤαɱຣŵŷһ·׷ɱ˶ȥ
ĽʲôӵģȻֻŷҹһ֪˵ڤŭѾֻҪҵǸˣͿԵ͸һǸṩϢˣһ·̤Ͻɾ
Ǿ޴󵽲ӵջ󣬾ŷҹϢûнʱҲĶޱȣأȴһоûˡ
һ֮ŷҹȻӽ˿ຣŵĽǰͻȻ֮ȴǱһǿסһǰֺ
ǡŷҹ̾͸о
ҲֻǿߵܰƵĻǿɾе鷳ˡ
ߺߣŷ˵֮УȥڤΣǸˣ𣿡һݿȥʮºͣһ˫۾ȴϵ¶˳
ڤŷҹ˶Էһۣ̾жϡ
ҾǸ˼µڤڤ΢΢һͷϵıû˿ͣո㣬ǸڤΣȴǸӵŷ𣿡
ң֪ڤʲộָŷҹŶԷȻԷлġ
ʵҲɱ˵Ķӣصģ˲֪ҲӦƴġ
ȥ׷Ǹˣдǵʲôڤֱʵ
Ȼǵõˡŷҹ̹Ȼ󲻵Уóһҿ⣬ǶҴơ
˵һССİ벽ɣȻܴҵ𣿡ڤ۾Ҫŷҹһ
һѣûʲôǲƵģҲ⡣ŷҹȻһЦ
ǺǣҵҪʲôʸ͸ڤεĻ巨ڤЦ⣬Ѿץһһŷҹץ˹ȥ
ŷҹüһѾڤȻ֮𣬵Ҳûκַ㣬һӣҶ֣Ī˵ԴСǴϣҲЩ̫˰ɣ
ڤһЦڤʹӲʤңһеĵ˵ǲܣһУǿķҲĵ
˵òֻиһսӳˡŷҹҲó˲ҲԼ
ֲֻţûлɣֻǵΪɻԾԼӣҲϷŹԼ
˵һǿİԵɵҲʮϡһǿ㲻ָ㽲ʲôڵ˳ҲȻҲһԵǿĳ
ˣҵУûӳˣֻҲɱǸ˾ͱҪû⡣ڤЦݴһ˿⡣
Ǻǣֻһѣ⻰ɵ۾ˣ֪㻹ûڵİԵŷҹλѾû֮ǰĽ
Ȼ˶ûдú˵ܹҪһսǻҪʲôõ̬Ȳɣ
ǵһҸô˵İ벽ɡڤЩŭ
Ӧòǣ㻹ֻһССɾʱҾͲûа벽ɾ˵ǿĻŷҹЦţżֳڽҲпܰЩЦ˶ɱˣŻ˵仰ɣһҪһ£ˣֻһµţ󡣡


612 
Сӣ־ȷС˵òµŵȷǲ٣κ˵µҲܶԣָֻŵˣҽ֮󣬵ȷǰһһնɱˡڤŷҹĿЩˣСӣ㻹ҪΪҲҲһţһŷǷǱţгһҲɾϷһУҿɲԼֻµŲ٣ȴ֪ΪЩ˱¶ԼţǶܻø
ҿδذɣŷҹһԾ͵֮С
ȥ͵ϮڤԾ·ˣȻҲֻ֮һ˿ǸԾŷҹһնûУ˵ɱǾųɵ顣
ܣڤһ۾ͿŷҹͼѾµм˸սοԷֻһ벽ɵľ磬ԾǸ
һնҪһ֮£̾͡סһΪŷҹû֮Уͱӳƿ֮С
СӣȻӳҵģӵĺǣҲܻڤһҲû֮С
ŷҹһ·ӣĻᶼûУܿ͸յؿռ䣬ͻᷢŻƶûһͬһռߵģǼһԾ̣һ˲仹ռطһ˲䣬Ѿʧ˲֪һռĸλˡ
ķһֱڳſຣŶȥڵѧûб¶ȻǽŵֻԼһ˿šһֳɵĿຣãɲ˷ʦŵĺûᡣ
ŷҹʵҲûа취ӵĵطӵҲˣǿߣʵܶԸĳ̶ȣҲǸոͻ˽ɾԸɾǿѹģ¶Էǽ۷壬ҲȵѹŶԷϾڿİһĻᶼûУΨһܿģӵ˿ຣ֮˼ɡ
õģຣǲóȥĻҲһ¿ຣŵӣ˭ÿຣ϶ͷأһ£ԲԷ׷ȥԼ鷳ľ
ŷҹӵ࣬ڤ׷ҲһҲɣ֮ǰҲ̽һŷҹΪֵĻɣһϢûУʧһڤεҲֻһֻ޶֮⣬ʲô֪ûп˸ŷҹ֮Ծ
ЩڤĻɣʱûȥ˸ŷһˣʵǼٵģŷҹ
ڤҲ˵ǲģҪԼķŷǲǸǸһıĶӣЩ˵ҪҪǣŷɻֱɱ˾ˣûбҪһҪó֤֤ʲô
ССİ벽ɾɱһٸҲ˿ں
ڵȻ֮УһССİ벽ɾȻ׷
Ҳˣŷҹǿһ޴Ķܵģڤ˵ֶӦǺ
ɻɣŷҹǸǸһɱڤΣӾ͸Ӳˣһ·ǻƶԾٿ죬Ҳûа취ȫ˦
Ҳֻܰ޶ɼַҲ֮亱ģ֮ǰֻҪ˲֪٣ڲֻҪŷҹˣҪֻ޶ŪԼ
ѾûˣʲôԵظһοĻǾֻЩȥǲķˡ
Ȼ֪ŷҹһѽԷȻһֱûгȴܸоõһɹͨĽ⣬ʱ̶ѰŻᡣ
֪ʱԼû׷ŷҹһӿˣǿ̾ͻ⵽ԷĽҪ֪һ£ʲôȻ̶ֳȣĵ׶һַĸоһĻɫ
ֻ޴Ļƶһܳķ֮Ϊ࣬Ϊ֮ɵ˵Ƿɽ磬ҵĶôܲϣ
ڤһ·׷ɱȻû׷ȴȷԼɱŷҹһȷľ
ŷҹҲû뵽Լõ˻ƶĴԽռ֮ٵõħ֮Ȼᱻ׷ǱϢʱ䶼ûС
ҲˣڤȻһֱ׷ȴҲûа취ץܰڵٶϣԷҲûа취ԽԼһƶħ֮һϣԼﵽ֮ƶӶˣЩˣҪ׷ԼҲǲˡ
Ҫ֪ɾ֮Ĳ֮£Լܸһаܸƽ֣Ѿһ˶ŵĳɾˡ
˵ܲսʤǰڵ˵һ飬Ҳ㹻Ϊµһˡ
ŷҹȻֻҪܴܵﵽ˽۷ʱԸȥһϸ£һյڵĻͷ֮Ȼܰڤڽ¡
ŷҹһ뵽̾ԼŹûںϡ
ֹؼʱ̰ѹںʵ϶һͻͽⱾԼµһֻ֣û뵽ı˱Ƶûпߣ˾Ȼǿຣţȴһ
ô˵Ҳŷҹһ̣֮ǰûãҲΪʱִ̫ٶû뵽˵ܹӵĻǻ治ھͰѹ͸ںϵ
ٻһʱ䣬ȵܹıʱʱںϹĻ˵ƾһ񽣣һ̤Ҳ˵ء
ǹ˲ˣôȥȷǺܿҪຣˣǽ֮ǰ᲻ᱻǸڤץǿǺ˵
ƶٿصȷǲᱻ׷ĹͷŷҹȻԼԪʼ֮ЩӦˣôȥǿɾЩˡ
ԣоŻ飡ŷҹ뵽һǾǾŻˡ
Ҳ˲϶룬Ż̾ͱͶ֮ƶһҵתȻ֮һ̨׵ٶȣವһĹâȻһ˿֮ɫ
ɫĻĻһֻ֮һ̾͸ƶںϵһ
ףŷҹҲǾһ¡
һ֮󣬶̱洢ǱĵŻȴһȻǸƶںϣʹƶҲ˾ŻϢ
Ż飿ߣСӣҶӵľŻҲõ֣㻹˵ķŸǸνһ𺦵𣿡ڤһҲú̾ʹȵ
ŻҲ˵ġŷҹҲʾ֪ڤһӲԵֻƾԼһö£ɲ˭ĵӸڤûκεĹϵֻģҲǴڤҵʲôϵ


613 ػ
˵ڰŻ黹ϷҲϷͻŹ㡣ڤĿ˸ţͻȻðһ䲻̫ʱ˵Ļ
ʲôŹңŷҹЦЦ˵ֻҲϣˣ˵ŻѾںϵƶҲܸ㣬㲻Ҫƶɣ
ǺǣСҲеܰƶңҽͷһ·ΣڤȻŷҹ̸
ͬʱҲû˿ͣ٣һظŷҹ٣˿Ҫֵӡ
ãȷŹңֻҪһص˿ຣնȻѻƶ͵ڤǣŵùңŷҹҲЦ
ŲϷɣҿ˵ôƭһССİ벽ɾڤż˵
ǿδأǿôһֱ׷һ벽ɾôԶ·Цǣû׷ϣŷҹƺҲ˹ȼ˾Ż֮󣬻ƶ㹻ܵõຣˣŷҹĵĵط
Сӣ㲻Ϊ˿ຣţຣžͻΪһССİ벽ɣڤ԰ɣڤʵ
һˣ仰϶һ£һµʱǸڤְܳ˸ˡ
ŷҹȻˣЩʱȫûȥͣ٣һûб仯
ຣŽǰŷҹֻҪټһ£̾ܽຣڣſຣŵӵƣԽܵƵڤȻһǱϾҲһˣֻҪ˿ຣţ̾ܵƵһɵҲûа취ı䡣
Ҳຣڣ߸ຣĹϵʲôģȻĻǽƿǲġ
ŷҹҲоһΣԷҲ֪˿ຣ֮һ֮ǰѲҲڤ£ҲԸٶһЩ鷳
һ̣϶ҲóԼѹ׵ֶΣǻȥŷҹǻı⡣
Ѿ˹ֻҪһʱ䣬̾Ͱ⹤ںϵ
ǾʱͻȻ֮䣬ຣŵĽһӴзһ׹⣬׹֮УһӰ׹֮ⲽֻӳһƣڤǵĹ
û뵽ڤݹ٣ÿຣ԰һڤЦһЦֳŷҹ˵ȥɣ˵ѾŽ񣬴ҵ״ӣһӦ飬ȥҽȥɣҪڤһ¾ɡ
ŷҹȻûпǿ˵Ҳ֪ڿຣŵŲ֮ϣӣⱾΪ˷ֹŵĵӲʶǷʲôϵ
˵Ҳȥʲô״ӰɶԼ飬ûа취͵ġ
ȻˣҪߣǿɾ̫ѧ˷ˡ
ŷҹҪµʱ򣬾ڤһ̧֣ţຣŵĵӣҶӾŻ飬ָôһ
Ż鱾ĵرеߵ֮ӵ˵һ΢Ц˵
Ǵˣͬˣ˼Ҿˣôͷ
ٿǸڤ˵ֻǾʮһǿζ˿ûгӣǱϵĲ𰡡
ô˵ҪСˣһ㣬ɲڤҲ㡣ڤŷҹǰǸСӵĶϷ£ϷԿǷŹ׷顣
Ǻǣ겻벻ڤֱ˷ȤһŶԷЦŷĵӣȥѰҾŻ飬ѾŻҵҲ񣬱ҵ״ӣҶܵĻʦˣôܹӣ˵ڿ˵ŻڤεģɽŻ飬֪ɲǴڤεģ෴˴ڤεߣ֮շתŷҲڤҵĶֻ۵ıڤһˡ
ҲʣҾҪһ£Ƿ񲻻ֻңڤһֻҪֻˡ
ȡȡ۸ҿຣ𣿡һ˶Էһۣϣ΢΢һӡ̫̾ӰӰ֮УҲ֪Ƕٵʵٵá
ڤһӰӣһʱ֮Ҳ͸һǳ
飬˭ʵǿ˭͸˵¿һʵڤ֮Ҳû̫Ĳ𣬵Ǳˣǿຣš
һǱڤһҲİ֣ٶһ󣬾ڤǿԵҲôظԷս
ǷŵڤǣǰڤɽǾһֹ⾰ˡ˵ʱڤ治Ҷһô
ڤû뵽һô֣ŷҹҲû뵽Ϊ鱾ǸƤ¶ڤ뽲ĻڿຣŲ̫ӵ£һԼڤĺƽ
û뵽һӾð˳ŷҹе鷳ѵǶǿԼ츳Ҫһ𣿲ȻĻΪʲôϧڤԹҲҪԼ
ŷҹһҲ벻ͨǿȥһάǼٵģһѾˣԸڤһսִʵǲС
ɱŷҹһ洫ӣȥຣŻϺѿຣŵ˴ˣڤɲһӮ˻ԷӵˣһȥԷʱຣŵӿɾĶѼˡ
һ֪ܲˣŷҹ֪ЩΪʲô
ڤɫţҲθԷڼƽϣսǶߣڤ˵Ҳһʧ
ãĻϷͷСһ㻤һʱȴһСٳҵǰȻᱻɻҡڤЦ
ǾͲڤˣܰŷطɱҲһ˿ҿຣž֪ڤɱģҲȥɱҲɱˡһ˵ڷڤ
ŷҹϻȥڤεģЩ˿ԣŷҹ˻ɣò֤Ͳܶɱ֣ڿຣŵǰôһŵӸնɱ
ߣΪϷҪɱҵڤǣΣڤ߰
Ͼɽһˣɽ֮˶ۼڤ£ҲǵʱˡһŷҹһۣһֻһˣȻҪȫɵ۾ǿ߻µʿҪɱҾ뻤ҲסڤǣҲһ̫ˡ
⻰ѾһвˣΪڤʲôӣɽ֮ĸ֪ɱȻǲֻЩ˶һɣɱˣҲҪһԼʵ⡣


614 µ
ʱһڤʵ൱ǿ߳ͷҪַڤĻµӦãǾͻ̾紺ҰһӸطð˳
ڤȻҲ֪ȻԵҲ˲٣һֱӶԿֻٴһӰѾʧˡ
ŷȥúһҪ񣬻ȥ֪ͨ㡣һûиŷҹ˵̫໰Ǹոջŷҹ˲һϰ׹һ̾ʧˡ
ŷҹѾڿຣˣȻҲٺʲô
Ҳе֣һȻ˿û˵ѾˣѵԼ߻̽ӣֻһֱԼ߼ţ
һܿͱˣһҪһ׵飬һȥˣŷҹܸоԷ϶ҲῴĽǳԽţٸôġ
ȥҲûʲôֻܰһķԸȥҽϡ
õŷҹϢҲû˿ľȣŷҹ˵ѾԸ˵Ҫ״ӣϸ̾ͻŷҹƣѾ׼õģȻ⽪ҲЩ̫˵
ŷ㲻ú£ʵܿ㣬ֵֻӶܵϾؿ飬ҲŻᱻȥΣյ񣬵㿴ģڤֺ֮ˣ֮𣬿ຣҲһΪЦ˵
лϡŷҹæǷ
㲻лңⱾǿຣӦģѾ״ˣڳʹ֮⣬λ֮ϣֵӶˣǿຣѾˡ΢΢Ц
ǵӾ͸ˡŷҹȻ״ӣҲԿóǰλҲǸ֮ˣȻ״ӵơ
ţǵãȥЩΣյ񣬵ǶΪǡ˵
ף鶼ܲպǧգҲܾܵסŷҹͷһҪ̽ϣȥ񣬾ŻҲȡ˵ģһֶΣδ뵽;ڤ£Σ֮ʱѾŻյˣ»ûü㱨֪᲻ʲôͷ
ǺǣһžŻѣڶѾ״ˣȻû㷨ǾǰǿžŻ鵱Ƿ͸ˡЦֻѾĵֻԼùˡ
Ҿͷˣڷ࣬Ҳġŷҹ˵
ຣǲֻǿžŻˣ´ҵķһڱΧ׷ʱ򣬶ͨͨȲʧֲɣһС֮䣬Ȼҵôһ;ŷҹԼˡ
˽ϣصԼĶ֮󣬻ûжãѾǰһͽŷҹô£Ȼڤĵˡ
ŷҹ򵥵˵һ£ԷҲ֪һЩֻǵؾȶѡ
ŷ磬Ѿ״ˣǧðգȻһʲôʧĻ֮ǰŬͻ׷ˣҪ׼һŷ츳ɾġ˵
ǺǣҲɾ֮ɵ۾ҪһĻֻܲϵظԼĥֻ澳֮ɳңҲһҪõͱ벻ϵذԼһܺ˵۷״̬ŷҹ˵ţ˵ҲԸģҲٽ񣬿Ӧ
ô᣿Щȵļ״ӣ˵ӳ״֮󣬴û뿪ຣţôᶼȥִΣյأҲŲţŷ磬㲻Ҫȥ˺òãһҪȥĻҲҪҴϣȻΪһЩǺпຣųϡ
˵ԼõȷǲˣΪŷҹڿ״ӣຣŵĳ֮ŮͷҪһЩôһȥΪöԺԲƣһ˺ͷ۵顣
ŷ˵ŵʱ򣬾˽ŷҹ֣ȴһ
ϣ֪ʲô𣿡ŷҹϹԷ΢΢һЦ
ȴЩؿ֪ϴεģ˵Ǻܼ򵥣û˰ҲֻҪעһ¶ֻŷҹȴΣյ˼㣬ҸͲȫ˵֡
ŷҹӵûĳ̶ֳ˵ǸģŷҹֻǱɱɻˡ
Ҫ֪ڤɱһ벽ɣһֻһ򵥡
ǺǣȻǻһڵ㣬һȴԸֻܸһ˵ġЦ˵ϲѾΪ״ӣһûоԾѾˣǧһȥ״Ӱ
лϣһ㣬ǶϸҵȽϺáŷҹһ˫ص˵
ǺǣһģֻһЩܰôһҲʵҪ֡Ͽȥ˿ûƤѾ㹻ˣһεȴŵģԸΪΪ״ӵĵһպܻиѵģܰЩɵĻܵõĺôҲǼġ
Ϳ˵ʲôɡЩ
ҲЩõԤУһֲɵ񣬾ǲҲ϶Ǿһ֡
ǺǣĵطһħԨݴ˵һ۷Ĺʮ֪жٵĸǿߣȥ̽ûջ񡣡϶һ½˵Щʱ˵ģһֻڼħħҲǷǳǿЩ˾ɥħĿУҲһЩˣõħµĺڼףͳɾ˺ܶϵķЩڱȽķħڼħĺڼƳɵġ
㲻ŷȥǺڼħЩڼ׻ɣЩ
СѾͷôûûС˵Цŵһ䣬ҲûȥƽʲôҪȥոѾ˵ˣרŸ״ӵһϴǾŻѾõû˵㽻ͿԵԼķεĺڼ׹ҲһĵõˣǾǵõһķҲ㽻ʱõ˵Ļ㣬зڶĽء
˵ţϻ֮䣬Ѿóŷҹϡ
εɵ÷ǳ˵֮࣬ڵ˵ôҪԾͰǵؼٻһȻҲԼѡҲᷴԣô˵Ͽŷҹ
ȻԸǽȻǰ˵İ졣ŷҹҲûȥᣬҲȷòŷ⡣


615 ħԨ
Ѿ״ӣֱӳƺΪʦЦ⣬Ϊ˿Ĳ졣
ŷҹ΢΢һ£ֻǵ˵ͷȴûٽӻ
ϷһɵΪʦҲٽһٽһɡ
֪εܴܲͬһȥ࿴ϣŷ״ӣȥħԨյأϼʦֵܣʵ̫Σˣϲⶼðɣ˵ϴ˵ЩҪ涨ʱޣǲܰʱҪʦţȴǲǵÿຣЩأҪȥҵء
ǺǣСѾͷԽԽ˵ˣҶûа취סˣϴεȷ洫ӵһԣҲڵǵĿ֮һ̨ԣֻʵһ֣Щʱֻ̨ϵʤˣһʵǿţֻĵӣǿຣҪ˲ţŷȻҪͽˡ
ϲûıסЦ˼˵һεԴˣֻӵΪʵǲܸȥɣȥˣֻŷӷȥչ㣬ʱϣһεȷûƣȻҲϣԽԽãһ԰ȫΪξɲˣҲᱻʦţֻɵĻȻҲڿຣڴպɾ֮Ҳǲ޿ܵİ
ɾʲô֮ǲϣģֻҪĵѡŷҹӿڵת࣬εĵط̫Σգ㲻Ҫȥˣȷ˵ģȥˣδ⻹Ҫȥչ㣬ħԨҡȻûȥͷħҲöԸڶԿĵطҵԣҲڤˣҾͲõһˣʦֵܸȥͻһЩˣȴǲõġ
˵ǣϷ͸ˡ˵Ѿ˻ȥֱĽʲôҲû˵ס
ŷҹҲѾõ˵ҲǲˣܵõڼħĺڼףҲʧΪһ¡
ʵϣɾ˽ɾ֮ѾȥһħԨ⣬ֻǺһֱǵطȽԶķλԲŵ
ŷ磬εҪȥҲˣҲ˵ɲ񣬾ͰʦŵĻȻΪʲôһҪȥðأ༱е˵Ȼû˵ħԨΣ˭֪õħĺڼףǸϼѣοЩˣڻǸڤ滢ֻŷһຣţͻᱻϣһŷлܵУһξδػôˣǱץǿ϶·һˣŷѵһֽ赶ɱ˵˼𣿡
˵ǽ赶ɱˣǽѵģҲϣŷҹȴǲΪµģʵ޹أֻһˣȻ㸸ײϣҲҪԴ֮ҲŲȴĴ
ྪȵصѵ˵
ǼпܡŷҹͷֻҲףΪʲôôƾ޹ܵħԨȥһˣп϶ʲôԵʣֻǻ֪ѡ
ţһǵģôҲԼĵôװ׵ȥǺ𾴵ġ
ŷҹǺЦǸǲȥ֪ԼĵӣǽŴ˵Ļ֪᲻ҧĶˣ
ŷҹ²ţڵħԨӦʲô춯ԲŻȥ̽ȻħԨҲһ֮أҪȥħԼһΪŰ벽ɵȥǸȥűɱ
ʲôһ벽ɵĵȥҲ֪ʲôɣŷҹ벻ͨһֻǵʱӦˡ
ŷҹڿຣչʮ죬Ȼ˳࣬ҲûҪȥҪ󣬻־ƿգȥ
һڸԼеϢǱǸڤѰأٱԷˣ˭Ҳұ֤ǸϼһһɱУɾͳԲˡ
ӵûؿຣţǸһҲһվԼҲֻʣ°ˣǸϼһϴεĿ֮϶ܵĻᡣ
ŷҹһҪССģһຣţǧ֮̾һطԼòΪһȫһˣӾڤǰҲûа취ٰϳˡ
ű仯ķõ۷ȫһǰԼò˸ıˣǿҲûа취ֱڵŷҹʵĿ
һŷҹǴһЩħԨһðĿຣŵӣû뵽һȻһˣɾȻһðĿຣŵӣЩˡ
ֻŷҹû뵽ǣһħԨԵ֮ʱѾ˲ٵʿӿħԨķΧûнģҲоʲôȥȷʲô˴ҵע⣬ԲŻôǰ
ŷҹԳ˿һֻۣһ벽ɵʱҲûر⣬ǽŸԵĻһ춯û
ŷҹ֣ˣԼûҪ࣬ҶһŵˣȻһ˽϶ǵע⣬Ŀŵ߽Ȼһ˶ûУɼѾˡ
ŷҹһ·нʱͿԿһΧ̽ʲôȥǺڼħϢŷҹ۹Щ˵Ϊʵ̫ˣ˺ڼħ϶ǶԷĿ֮ʳ
ϴεʱŷҹΪҲͣڸоţǺڼħʵ㹻۷˿⣬Щˣܶ඼ɾΪ벽ɾ٣ڽɣżҲԿ͸ˣһûп
ɽôˣôŶѵɳ
ԭſຣЩɣһɲô¶ôҲһʵȽǿߣ⻹ֻŷҹϵʵŷҹѾǽɾˣɱɾʵǿˡ
ȻŷҹҲ֪ħԨռؼ㣬ֻΧ˿϶ȫЩֺܿѾ棬ֻǲףЩΪŸոյɵҲʲô֣ǺڼħĳˣΪԷ춼䰡
ŷҹͷת˼תЩˣѸٵȥ
ٸЩɭƿնȥħԨǸϿնȥ
ϴʱϿһ־޴ȥҪȥһΣǲǻڡ
ͷڼħѾûȤԷΪˣҪõмֵĶ۷Ĺ֮еıأУҲһ̽ʱˡ


616 
֮ԺܿҲΪ֮ǰ̽۷ĹǴָоһΣ׼оٴγ֣Ҳ԰ˡ
ڵŷҹɲǵŷҹˣʱɾ򲻹ڽɾԱɱˣȫͬľ硣
˻ڼħʱŷҹڼħĺڼ׶˵Ѿûˡ
Ǻڼ׵ķƳɷδؾԼĽãȻúڼħĺڼһףǿ϶Ҳһӷķʽǵ̶ȣӵҲˡ
ŷҹҲЩɻǸԼ״ӣ̾ͲôһɶԷȫģǱźڼħ
ʱŷҹƿշ֮УȻ֮ײһ磬Ű¶
ʲô˸ŵĽ磿
ŷҹûг־Ѿм˺ʣһ̧ͷͿɾӣŷҹ߿ЩҲǰ벽ɵΪƽʱѾŹˣͬǰ벽ɵŷҹһǲӡ
¿ຣŵŷǷ֮֮ײ˹ŵĽ磬ʵڱǸŷҹŶԷ˵
ĿһɨȴЩʧЦˣŵˣµĽ磬ǰԨһԨڶһ档
ŷҹҲ֣⼸Ҳֱż磬˴֮нޣӵһ֮󣬾ȻǰԨסĸߣնֻײһĽ硣
ԭǿຣŵĵӣѾǷӡҪĻʹĵطɡһŷҹǿຣŵӣҲ˰֮ɫȻҲû̫ļɵŷҹ
ħԨ֮أǴ˵֮е֮ĹڣҶ̽۷Ĺѣλʦ־и㣬ҵһ̽ɡŷҹЦЦ
˿ҲѾ۲ˣߵţļŷֱڡڡڡʥڣţǾްһĴڡ
˵ǴǰຣţԷƽƽһѹƶԷһͷຣŽʽ΢Ǳ⼸ѹ
ڵɽ磬⼸ΪģЩ˲Żš
ຣȻҲһɣȴѾûа취Ųˣ˵Ҳһϧ֮¡
ŷҹȫǰͲÿຣżûȥҲȥԸЩˡ
֮أ֮أ֮Ҳͳ֮ˣҪ£ȥɣƻǵĽ磬Ҳ֮ʧĻͷһݣٲҾҪǿຣŵѵһĵӡǸһŷҹߣ̾ɫƱ˵˵
ǺǣҪѵңŷҹЦֻ㻹ûͰɣƵǵĽ磬߽֮ԨոֻǸѣ벻ǵôߣΪССĽ磬Ǽˣܵס𣿡
һ𣿵Ҳ͵ˣŷҹǿຣŵˣǼңҲһĵ顣
ôĵӣҲ˶˵ҲãҾͽѵһԲѷĵӣҲ㿴ϣ˭ǰ˵Ļ̽־ץ˳ȥ
ŷҹûг֣ͿѾһצץ˹ҲٿͬһצӦֻצõĿȥƣȴмĲͬ
Ļ֣һǿŤռţƺҲܱһָ˺һٿŷҹϣȻǿտҲһûУһͨӦԵһһ
ǿຣŵ洫ӣȻ˳̶ȣһЦຣŵûҲûеǵĿຣȫĵӣǿຣšĻƻû˵꣬ͻȻ֮ͣס
˼ؿԼƣȻֻȥһûеץסž޴ֻȶֻ΢΢һֱѾϳ˼ء
ǹûн׷治Լ᲻ҲֱһһһصĴڡ
ĻˣĵҲˣҲû뵽ŷҹһ֣Ҫ֪ڵĿຣѾȵ˿ຣŵӣǵĵؽ֮ڣٿຣŻܸŵø̬˵
ڿຣԼĵؽ֮УŵĵҲᱻϱ˭ҲûпȻǺǳĵӻ֣û뵽ǣԷһ֣ȻĻˡ
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ʦܡ
ӣ㾹ţŵӣǶҪһ˵ףգﲻҪˣһģˣĻƱˣ̾ͱŭǰ
ҲĻжҪĻƴľŵӣһдˣϵֱۣŻֻػĻͿ϶һǧˡ
֣СģӵʵǿĻֱ۱ϣҲײ÷ɳȥǲҪһǸ֣ϡ
֣ϵΪǽɾڣĻһֱãԼʵ㹻֣ϿˣԲŻΪҲܻᱻŷҹܵġ
֣ЦһƴһµƷֻ춼ǴŷһӰƺԼ֮仹һ޴ӡ
ĻͻȻ䷢֣֣ϵȻһֻҲǶԷѹ׵ֶ˳
ĻƸŷҹսʱ򣬻֪Էĵϸ֣ǿŷҹôд⣬һǿɱУҲ
ǡƣ˵һƷӵ˼£ʩչڼս֣ϾȻѾˣֲһħԨ֣Ҳˣǰ飬֣ϿǴμӵġ
֣Ҳǳŵ̫ãҪһСҲʱÿԵ֣Ĺߡ
ֻĻЩˣͱ˷ֱۣλȥֻǻҪ𷣣ֱǸŶ˰
Ļ̫ˣǸСҲһʲôطȻôôҲǸ벽ɶѡ
ôһξͺϸĻƵùҲϸ֣ϳͷҲ¶Ƕһˡ
ŻڽĵӶЩ̾ţһֵĻǹ;ǵˣǲٳˣȥҪ֣һ˵һȺһֵĻЩŵӣЩм
һ׼ªƶѣ㾹ȻҪҾ㿴ôƵƵġŷҹܣҲһƴȥ
֣ϵǰӰŷҹȴֻһӰϿȥŷҹһСʯӰڵ˴ɽ֮ǰһСǴȴҾΪŷҹһݰոյʱҲģͨƣһӾͰĻֱ۴ϡ
Ȼ˵ĶԾڵǰʱ򣬱ȥҪŷҹһѵ֣ϣͻȻ֮ɫ䣬Ӱȥżֻҡ


617 Ǳ֮Ԩ
㡭ô֪֣Ī˵
ǺǣҲƣ֮еûֲã͸óƭˣֻҪһȥ̲ҲҪϵһɵķ鲻ͷһȥҲΪѣĻͱҲˡŷҹֻ˼£ûи֣϶ʵѾֶˡ
֣ȴɫҰףһûҪ˼
˼µʱӰʵʵһĳһʮӰӰ֮Уһ˶޷ֱƵ֮
ʮӰ֮⣬߰ٶƣǧٵƣ֮ľͶӰڴһ˲䣬ʵֲοеǾ͸ֱܷˡ
ָƷӵ˼µʱƷҲһ޴ȱݣûµʱ򣬾ͻһΪȱݣһƿأ̾ͻᱻˣʩ߷ˣ⡣
֣츳Ǻܺãڲ˽ɾڣȴһĳ̶ȣȴһֱûа취µľ硣
Ʋ£ȻҲѱҵվǷ̫ԺƷ֣ȴһרƣֱ뵽һ취֮ǰһС
Ƶԭһ֮ʵҲĻ̾ͻᱻˣƾôһУ㹻ǿһЩ˽ˡ
һóƣǰ״̬ﵽ˼£ΪѾ֮ڸû뵽ŷҹһ۾Ϳ֮ֻСûֻ˼£һ³ֵĻԼʲôԲһҲҶֻǿŷҹ
ô˭ҪҴ򣿡ŷҹȻ˵ֻҪ֮ԨΪе飬Ҳȥͬ⣬ھóһ·ɡ
ŷҹԷ϶ãֵǣ֣ϾȻֵлղûг֣ԭΪѾܹӦɾһСµţҪ֮Ԩɣֻһ˵˼֮󣬸˳ͻȴܹܵ˵ġ
ȻŷҹҲԷڿ϶ѾԨȥˣ϶ʲôûˡ
֣һĶŷҹҲ󷽵ǰȥ
ʱ֣ļȴһǰŷҹŵĵطǵˣȻҪôߣǺǣֻûôɡ
ŷҹ˿֣ϣԷûһӦҲ֪ǲˣҲǸո˵õģһزĻҲٹܡ
ֻ⵱ʱ˵ǽԨû뵽˻ûнȥھѾˡ
λҪ˵ĻֻõˣˣһħԨǰˣǵĹͺͱòֻһ˻ȥǺܿ
ϻ˵ΪССΪƾһƭܴɻȥ𣿡˵ʱ򣬶֣һۡ
ǿ֣ʵ̫ȻжûйѾˣĻҪӲãôԷҲǸŷҹ֮Ż˵ġ
ƻǾһ£ΪҪˣ˭뵽ֲӣʧ˼㡣
ĸ˵֮䣬ѾŷҹΧм䣬˴˺ӦţγһΧļƣŷҹ߶ûôˡ
λʦ֣СеŹ֣һҪСģҪŵӡĻĿżˣһѵ
Ҫ˵ӣʵѾˣôһ֮һ˰ѽƵȴ˶ӲȥҪﳶƤĻѾŷҹɱˡ
˵ΪУֻҪ֮ԨҲҵĻǾɣҰǼԨǻʲôҡŷҹȻǰԸĸʱȻѡ
ƣ
аӰȭ
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ĸͬʱԼʽʩչ˳һʱ֮ŷҹǰĿռ䶼סȥҲǰһӡ
ŷҹǰˣһ̤̾ͰԵȭƷ֮У˺һӣ˵ĺΧһҲ̵㡣
˶Ǵ󾪣ǿȥʩչʵҲһ׺ϻ֮һŷҹȻ֮͸ƵˣҪǿ
ڲЩʱҲ֣һһоͺˣպʲôȥ
ͬʱǵͺһİѱÿ˶Ǽȫǰһ̡
ĵһյĽŷҹȥӹǱһϣֻǲУκ˶Բ
ýǲˣŷҹҲҲ֪ԷõǽС
ҲζգۼͷֳĵӰÿ˵ĸǰֱһָ

ĸӶǷغţıȻһ⡭ȻǶôǿָ
ö˾⻹ôȭƣۻһİ취ɣ
һȺ˿ŷҹһʱЩ֪Ҫôźãʱ֮ǰһֱЩм֣ϣȴһǰˡ
ŷԽ֮ԨյŵĶԹҲǽ£պСһЩ֣ϵĻҲӲвַЭ
ǺǣȻԸΪУǼȻѾˣͲңλǾͳˣոλʲôУһ̡ŷҹ˵λһ⣬˲ͻƽ磬·֮ԨϷ
ڵµǴϷ֮ɫߵ
ŶǱ˴˲УžȻһСӾʹ˴һѳ϶ˣڶĵӶˣֱӽ֮ԨԵúЦ
ͬʱҲϢشݸ֮Ԩˣñŵ˶׼ŷҲһöԸˣȥ֮һҪʮС
ŷҹһԾ룬֮ԨȻû֮ǰ֮ĻҲͲܹǼ硣
ʱЩҲ϶ᱻɵĲŶԣڰȻ˵һж˸ı䡣
Ҳһ֪˻ֱ仯ԲŻǰô˵ͷ۷Ĺһ̽һЩʲôˣȻҲô˵Ŀš
һţһ̽Ҳ֪˶ãſԨܣʼһι״ĺۼǿȥֲʲô䣬ʮֹӡ
һڰԨıڶ΢⣬ȥһĲɡ
ܰԼԨһ񷨱һŹĶҲЩֲҲλңԶۣҲǲΪֵġ


618 ս
ôãȻŵˣ֮ԨȻ̶ֳȣŷҹҲ̾һ£ԼҲǶ۹㲻㣬ϾԷʵǧ
Խʱ͸оһִ̹ǵĺ⣬⺮⵽һ̶ȵʱڴԨס
ǿຣǸܸߵĵӣ˵㻹ǿຣƸ¼״һվǰƺһֱڵŷҹǰ
ʲôˣŷҹʵ
ڵսһҲһƸ¼洫˸߰ذͷ˵ȻҶƸ¼״ӣ˵ոʱһˣҲЩµģǾдһ£ҲýֻһƣĽҲռıˣ޹أΣ
ŷҹһЦǸһ£ҲΪ˸ԣˡûʱԡ
Ȼ֮Ԩ˵Ǵûҵ㲻ҲǱЩԻ˰ɣбΣģֻԼʵһ㶼ˣҲͲսĶˡսͱ˵
ô˵ܲ¶ˣҵȷˣǡŷҹ˵žѾٴζ
˾ȥɣ㲻ҵĶ֣ҲͲ߳ȥսƺŭˣŷҹȥ
սѣһ֮˫֮УһĹȣȻŷҹȥǿŤһҪըһ㡣
ŷҹһֱǰţ˿ûлͷ˼ǾһӡıʱҲضˣƵ磬˶Է֮ǰ
Ȼһ֮ŷҹǰУսҲȻŷҹ
ãŷҹҾ֪㲻ʧոһȭ㾹ȻܽӵҲ㹻ҵĶˣڰǿʩչɣȻԶûа취߳ȥսǰŷҹĵ·
ʱǰҲȻӿ˲Ӱŵ˶У˿ȴûǰŶҪŷҹս֮ôġ
ŷҹ˿Է΢΢üҸԩ޳ҲΪУڸûκθ㽻սɵģ㻹˻ȥɣµʵ΢ԵĶ֡
ʵ΢սȻ֮Цŵ˿Ҳ˵Լʵ΢ǵϺݺ˦ƣɣ˵˵öԲԣŷҹĻҲˣһսǲȻĻֻŵҪˡ
սʱһĸߴˣһʿѾǽɾΪķ֮Χ˶оЩֲϢܶˣǿˣԸӽ
ߣǲǶͲˣ֮ľս֮飬˵Ȼ˵Լʵ΢ҿҪʤһֻ㲻֪ѡҲ˿⣬ֻؿŷҹһ֮սܴӮҹҲԳܣֻϧòᶼûС
ŷҹüͷҲ΢΢˵֮ǰսһĸ֮ôУϾ;ֻɱ״ӵģĸûһЩڣԼֻһҲЩ߰
սǹ֮һԻȴһӰԼ˶עǲŶԷԼ򣬺Լ֮ģҲն񵽼ˡ
֮Ԩıضûҵû뵽֮ѾˣǸҪǣԷʵܲˬˣҲϷŪˡ
λ֮ʲôԹĻˡҲ룬ִֻŵ񣬲˭򶷣ʲôԹҲòҪ֮Ԩ˵Ҳ٣ˡŷҹ˵һ֮Ԩȥ
ţû˵ߣͲߡսȴٺһɣոյĻ˵ģҴŷͳϰҵ£˻棿
Ȼģܴʲ㡣˵
ΪҲŷҹǳټŷҹ֮ǰͰŵĳϸܣһһܣҲԸ֮ˣȴûаһ֮ھʹλ֣ϡ
ɼຣŵʮԼֵĻҲһʮյ飬㲻ٰˣǿɾǰŵˡ
ս嶯̽ŷҹϺӣŷҹܴս֮ǰŷҹ֣ϵ飬ҲûôûӣϾŷҹڵ״ܴܣôһ֣ʲôֵġ
ŷҹİˣҲǽ赶ɱˣռ˱ˣֺοȥսĵأ
ȥҲǸ߰ˣĻȴһҲսҪŭŷҹһսڣȴսԼҪŷҹһս
սҲһս֮ˣ֪ɴ⣬ɲΪŷҹӮĻᣬһɣ¶ôŹأ
ŷһսɣ֮ԨɼҲбµˣǲҴܣٳ֮ԨĴˡսŷҹ
˵ǵȤŷҹߣǲЩ˷ʱ䡣
֮ԨɲǺôĵطûǿֲˣʱһ֪᲻³֣ˣ֪ʲôΣأ˭йĥ
㲻ĻǾȥɣˣǵҲΪ㱨ģǿຣŲһˣţҲֻǱǿһЩҲֲãµôຣŵûҲǱȻġսЦ
ຣŵûȻģŷҹҲظ˵
ຣûûɣͲأʡýһ޴

ӴҶûзӦΪһ״ӣŷҹȻڱ˵Żûʱ򣬶ûзӦ͸оʵЩ˼顣
ǴҲˣŷҹ˵⻰ʱ򣬺ģ¶ûзϰһôĵӣҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ŷҲŵӣ״ӣʵ̫ʧˡսҲҡͷ
ʧʧɣòƸû̫ĹϵŷҹһҲͣȥ㲻ʧҾܵһλǣúôɣ
վס
һɲֻһ˺ģ֮ͬǰɣеڣʥڵҲ˺ֹ˾ڶŮޣû֮⣬ʣµ˶ŷҹǿҵĲ֮⡣
ŷҹҲں˵ĸоȻҵǰȥ
ߣսȭ֮䣬ȭͷϷɳ׹⣬׹˲ͻͶǣڿ΢΢һãھŷҹҧȥ
ŷҹǲ־һָһָĽ⣬ǰһ˽֮̾ǻѩ˷ˮҽŻޡ
һûЧս˿⣬һ٣ȴѾ˿Уȭǰһ棬˲һ㵲ŷҹǰȻһȭݺݴȥ


619 ȼط
һȭµʱսһսӰӣһ̲Լһսǽս
ȭƾӸ£Ҫŷҹûһ޿սʤսһȭ֮ҲûֵóֵĶ֡
䡭
һȭǻɽʯ֮ϣȻҲЩ𶯣ȴ˿ܸıŷҹĲ
ΪֹŷҹѾսУǽŲȴһûͣ£˵ĻѾóŷҹֻ֣սͲǶ֡
ɵĿҲһ˿ȣûгҲǶԵģŷҹҪӿֲսúõһ£ʱԼٳ֣һɱһ֮ǰһأѹһͷ
⣬̾ͰĿ⿴սʱ̶׼͵ϮĻᡣ
һɾʱ̶׼͵Ϯ͵ϮˣʵӦøоĪѹڵŷҹ˿ûвһҲڷǳعעȻ֮Ԩߡ
սŭˣֱӵӣŸŭѡ˻Ӯһ죬ڵطͲ֣ԼȻҲһ취ûС
һˣڻִһСӵֵ֣˼ûУֻһڱһ˼Һæһ߶ȥ
սû뵽Լýɾ״ӣȻܵһʱѵ
һȭӣȭӰ֮䣬Ȼγһ޴ȭӰ֮ǽҪŷҹ׵طӡ
ȭ̫࣬ƾЩҪңûʸ񡣡ŷҹһָָϵİ׹۳ɽ˲ʹ͸ǵȭӰһȭӰ֮ǽɢȥ
Եĺ⣬ǵǽ֮󣬻Ẉ̂ݺײսϡ
Ȼֳһεһ⿰£֮Ҳѳž͵
ܺãܽҸոյһȭ˵ѾܲˣֻʵĻҵǰװˣǲһЩսû˰ܣֳ˷ܵı˵ҵ̫࣬Ҿ㿴һУǷܽӵ
ͨһָ
ոʧսӰһγ֣һγֵĲֻһ𣬿вϵԾսӰЩֽ̣Щָնеƶеĳȭϣ̬֮սӰսıֱͬӰһڲš
ЩӰֻһ˲䣬̾ͻһ𣬻˵⣬սָϡ
ָʵģѾǷӴս֮Ļ㼯ս޲ʤ־ǿ־ǿĶ֣Լڲ֮һ㡣
һͨһָԱ߿öһݡ
սȻҲȷŽʱԼͨһָҲҪƴһܾˡ
лᣬҪ˸ȻΪԼһС
ͨһָǿ˲ܷڼսԲܳ־ãһù֮սӦûᴦһ״̬ǳᡭ
ҲڼţҲֻŵڣҲʮ״ӣô׾лռˣһжֻܵȴʱ
ͨһָЩͷŷҹҲ˽ŲԶԷȫһָҲֻԵˡ
˲ǣȻҲǸսһȻһָ
Ȼ֮䣬ŷҹնһĹӰۣһֽսֳֽ֣𽣣һֱ̣ƺܶ棬һս֣ľɨ֮䣬أһս֡
⡭ҲɻˣŷҹõƺҲͨһָǲͬģŷҹ۳ս񣬶ǳֽ󣬻ӦýŶԡ
ǽÿһֻͬһܴ
ս񣬲ʲôֻһԺɨ£ɸտᣬɽˣսУûνİܡ
ոյͨһָѾ˸оֲܵ־ŷҹһָ˲͸оˣǲܵꡣ
һ˿־ܳ£ֻеõս꣬ս޲ʤ
ˮ״СĹмײһмϵؼţĻ󶼹ڳš
ǿĹӰ֮Уս뽣սһ
âľŷҹվԭأսȴǱ޴ķ˴·Ҳѿʩչطʧ˲ֵԪһȻһ˿Ѫ
ŷļŭңսƺôҲû뵽ͨһָȻˣһǰڸһָƵʽϡ
Էƺǹˣһģµʽȴͳͨһָˣܲŭ
ҺҪŭ㡣ŷҹȴҡͷȻˣһֱȡ裬ҲȴҪ򣬴򲻹˵Ҽŭ㣬ֻҪҸ䣬Ǿֱ˵ˣ˰ɣ
㡭սθˡ
̬ȣںСӣһ߶ȥ
ҽ첻ʤĲΪˣսһѾŭûǣϾȻѾȼ֮
ô£ȻʼȼˣҪˣ
ҪŭˣҲԼЦҪ֪ɾȻƳҪĻмܱ֤õģ
սʦһȼط˵ȻʩչķȴԼʵһ֮£ǸŷҲˡ
ŷҲͻˣսţӴ֮Ҳǰҫˡ
벻ս˺ͿҲãôһţҲǴ
̫ңҲһ㣬˼һóԼȼֶΣǲǰ
֮еĵӳϣǶսţеľ̾еϧеİ⣬ҲеĲмһˡ
ʱսѾȫ˶ȼյ֮Уǻһһӱ˾յ
յȼĻĵƻĳУǿֶΣҲûа취սյƻ֮зֱ
ʵϣյƻ壬طȻǰһΪţƻĵĹλɢÿһŹ϶Զ⡣
ǵΪƻֻƽ͵ʱͻȻ֮䣬ѾԾŵ޵нվ
䡭䡭
ŸȥǷӣǸ׺ηȴħֲǵƷԣôЩսӹɣ֮䣬Ѿõص׼Ӳʯ翪ѣһ㣬һ֮䣬еʯ촷ۡ
֮ԨʯжôӲЩɾȫһֻһǳۣŭĿվȴ̧֮Ͱǵÿѣɼֲ֮
һҲˣǲ˿Ļ·
طǷŵ֮֮ʹɾ¶Կ


620 
ھͿʼȼ𣿿սҲˣҪɱң㻹һЩ硣ŷҹŶԷȼٴȼƹŷ֮лûŵվȴһ⣬Ȼɱң֮ȴҲûʲôޣҲգҾͷϵΪʾͽɡ
ǴԲѡӾŵƻľ֮зǾŸһ˵һȫûʲôͼ𣬡ϵҵΪ˵û£Уǿຣڵʵ飬ٲãͻᱻƽΪһССĿຣ״״ӣҵǰ˵ֻ𣿡
Ŵһŷҹȥÿ˶һ̬Ŵһֱ֣Сɽһм伷ѹһͲʲôʽ͹Ѿ˸ˡ
ʵҲһͻȻ˾Ÿˣǿ˿ֲĳ̶ȣʽʲôûиı䣬Ҳ㹻Ѷָˡ
οŸԭϻһ˿ԿƵģϸ޷졣ƾҲʤУĥһһĥѹȥñʽܰѶָҳ⽴ˣʲôġ
˶ΪŷҹǱɵʱ򣬾Ϳŷҹһ֮䣬ĹӰѾûʵһ
ŴյȷǺҲĬϻһܲĬ𣿵ǣٴĬϣ򲻵Ҳǰ״ġ
Ÿˣôʩչûа취ŷҹ򵽣һŹӰԳκεطŷҹֻҪһǹӰԱС㣬һһ
ŷҹѾû̬Ҳù̶ķʽȥֻҪԸ⣬ԴκһϸСĿռﴩȥ
ǡ֮Ѿõ˼µӰɣڿ˶
ŷҹʩչҲʲôķǵѿռ䷨˼µĳ̶ȶѡ˵þеˣΪɲκ˶óģȻҲսʩչȼطȴǲܰŷҹˡ
սοǳ˴
Ѿôսȥŷҹڲ֮ˡ
ս򲻵ԷϣԼʩչһֱôʩչȥȽһ£˭ʤߣǲ
˵Ҳò˵һ£һűŷҹһ£һڣӱŷҹҪϣҪսΪҲͳһţɶ֮еĶӣȻţÿһŵľ޴ʧ
Ȼŵĵˣ˵Ƕ֣ȻǺ⿴
ŷҹԭֻһЩС£ҵȭ³ŹУҾԷΪսŭ
ǴҲˣǶŷҹһ취ҲûУŻ⣬Ҳ˵ֻ
ҪԷΪԼȥϰɣαңŷҹһΪǷҪҶָĻҲǲͨˣ͸һܸһսĻᣬ㲻Ҫڡ
ֻҪҸһսܰɱҲڡս޺޵
ؿŶԷԼȴ򲻵ʩչطԼܻ֮£ôܲŭŷҹᶼòǵĿ
ҲգҾ㿴һҵŷҹΪһǰնȥ
εĽǰľһޱȣǾѹȥһƵ˾Ŵ˵ǰ
Ŵվ˶սĻ˿һӱϮ̾ȫӭսȥ
ʩչطʱŷҹζķʽɵ˵ʹģַʽȻҲϲģطʩչʱ֮ڣŷҹҲֻǴܻѹƶԷһ£Ҫ˶Է
սѾû̫Ҫǰ˵ȷǺͲƿأ˵ѶԷɱƵù䣬һЦֱӸɽ֣Ҳڵȼطó
ڵЩﻢ£˭ѾߵһأǻлѡĻҲŷҹսˣ㰡
ԭռһ˵ģڲ֪Ǳɸˡ
һ߶ҵؿһУֵĻҲս࣬Ÿŷҹ֮ԹȻû̫ֻŷļˣŷҹ˵ͻѣڵһһֵٶȣսԸⲻԸ⣬ǵʧˣҾŷҹֲͣٶ䣬Ҳܰʵȥ
ǿǰ״ӣŸû˰ǲϣĿҲˣǴڣ˵˵ġ
˵ף¶ԹñˣΪŷҹҲսģŷҹ˼һֱսҪŸ˼Ҵ򣬴ӣûдӮ˵ܹ˭
ξ͸˷۱һһţȴδؾ׬˵Ҫ˳Ц˵ǵűʹᡣ
ǸŷҹȻڿȥռϷ磬һʲôýӣҪкýڿ϶ӦЩûһϣֻΪǲ岻֣սط֮£Ͱһ˼ˣǰĻֻһá
µһЩˣԭŷҹζѾսһսȻռ˴ˡ
ɺȻһ֮󣬾Ŵվ˷׷ױ飬˲ֻŵ⣬ȻŵһڻָһΣս۵һѪ¶˳
սǸսŷҹҲûзϵΪǵٿսʱȴǿһƵģΪѾȫû˸ղ
սˣǿŵģŹһŽɫһ½ţΪոһս־ܵصĴϣѾ˿ŵӣΪʩչȼط˵Ϊ½
⻹ҪģҪǰǰеʾȻѾûˣһߣԼľˣǴǰţһҲһӹš
ڵսˣȻǸոһĴ̫һŵûа취ʵԲŻʧ˻һ㡣
ˣȻǸոѾɱģһٶУ˵Ϊ飬Ҳ˰ɡŷҹź濴һۣλǻҪٸҾȥ𣿡
ߣŷڵӣҪôˣһλԽڶĲӣ漸ҲһϣǾŷҹߵġ
ôŷҹǺһЦҸո飬Ҫһ𣿡
飿ڵŶǴ̶ʵҲܣʲô飬ڷǻǵţ˵ģ飬ովͲóһ
ò˵ŵҲǻͬţȫ룬սʩչط֮ŷҹԷ֣ԷĻѵվﲻǵĵһˣ
ô˵֮߳Ԩˣ֮Ϊ׵һӺȵ


621 ǧ
ŷҹ⻰ŭЦҿλûҵġ
̫ˣһӾһֱڿֵ⼸ɣЩ߲ҪһֿûܲܰСӸ¡
Ҳֻһ뷨ѣ˭ҲΪһ仰Ͱװ׸ѣս˱ϾΪ̫ս̫԰Żùռ˱ˣװʧԼΪԼҲʮûӡ
ȻûеõʲôҲսԳŷҹǳɹŷҹ֮϶һŷҹͲŶֵģȻʰ
ȻҲû뵽ģȴ֮ǰֵĽֻҪԱ߶ϷͺˣȫȥŷҹʲôΪŷҹӱˣǽߣҲŹຣŵӣϿຣŵġ
֮ǰҿЦһֱţΪŵĽ編ŷҹײˣڲˣڵŶŷҹ߷ˣ˭ǵȥЦڵġ
ͿսĲͬ¶ûʲô¶һֱſЦ̬󶼲ֵ£ҪôŷҹߵʧЩӣҪôǹɳ֣ЦĻս
һս˵սԼҵĿͷվλõȴǷԷһֻܹԸ̫ʤʤѾԶԶԼʵˡ
ôһжģھ֪ȴҲûȥָʲô˭Լ״ȥأȥŷҹҲͷȥ
ڵѾȥˣŷҹҪڵӾͻز˰
Ը֮ҲûԥʲôһǰԼķóһӰŷҹɱȥ
Ӱ⣬ķ֮һĺŷҹϯȥƿǱոսطҪӿֲʮˣϾʮһʩչķŵľͲǰŷҹܣǰɱ
ڣǺǣ̫ЦˡŷҹǣҲЩε˵ԼĵּƣҪɱ𣿲Ҳ̫ˣǵĻҲͲ֮Ԩˡ
ŷҹ˵֮䣬Ѿһ⣬˻ƶ֮С
˵òھеҪɱڵ˼ô˵ھ͸Եûˣ˼֡
ʱǿŷҹѾˣȡ֮һֻ޴Ļƶ
ţֻҲһķ̾ϳˡ
˵ǰڤĶڤαɱһ飬һŻҲˣ˵ɱˣǿຣһŷˣǰ˰ɣҲЩԡ
˵ˣɱڤεĲŷ˵ʱһɱڤΣŷִǸУ˾Ż飬ŷֱڤ׷ɱǵˣղûע֣룬϶ˣôܴڤأֲո˵ģûסԭʹѹȻҲ㹻԰ˡȻеĹ£֪ʵ˵ò࣬ŷҹǸڤθɱ˵ġ
ԭô˵ŷҲһɱڤĶӣȻ뿪ຣţǵӲСһٱڤϣɾڽˡ
ЩһһûٸСŷҹˣһɱڤӵˣһСɣֵôȥעˡ
ڤɲһһЩŵһϾ£ĵӣڤȴֻһӣɱӣǿ˵ǲ죬Է϶Ǹݵġ
ŷҹҳһ˵ĵǺܴ󣬶Ҳ֤˿϶ţڤ֮Ҳܵ
һս¶ԵòôҪˡ
Щۣڵ˹ȴѾ˻ƶϡ
ƶһȦҵĻ棬ȻЩˮһһգ̾ͲӰˡ
ʲô
ҶĿɿڴСҲ̫ˣʲôǿķôֵĹҲñưɣ
ǲƣ˵ķҲ㰡ЩʧˣͺҶһҲ̫˵
ֵЩˣĸˣǵķʧˣΪƶһ֮ڶķԵˡ
ǷͬСɣһܰѴҵķ̵ķôĸһֶûаѰ취ǷˡšҪ֣ҪеŵӶһ֣Ҳܵһʵ
ڻ˵ʲôܲŷҹ˵ܲܲķһ¡ƤٺҲ˵ֻɣ
λŵѣŷڣҲţɼ˾һػ֮ˣǲˣպ˵ҲҵĻҽ鲻һ֣СӸ˵ȥǿຣҲ˵ǵһжΪСӾȡһĿ԰ףȥ˫۶Щնĳ˵Ȼ֮ˣǷλһ飬Ըһǧ֪λΣ
øȻ뵽ôһУҲ̾ţҲǸսһֻ֪ĿˣϣһƵˡ
ҲǾƷţǧ˵ҲǷǳѵãƽ˶òһķһ飬ȻҲ١
Ȼھÿһ飬⿴Ǿ֮͵飬һ˶ԸȥȴԸ⸶ۡ
һܳôǧˣҲֻˣЩǧ͸֮󣬵ȷҲһС飬ЩΪôҸڳģҲֵáЩҪƳɷҪõƷʵĻҲҪڣΪһʦڵ֮УҪõϺõķʦΪˡ
ֻҪҪЩãҲͲòȥһǻǷڵ顣
ƫƫ͵ʮˣô׵õǧֵĻ˭Щϧˡ
ҲãԸڵĵһԸŷ˿µۣһʱͬ˶ԷҪ
ǸϿٶЩˡ֮ǰսŷҹһսǸ֮ĴģȻⲻȫֹգսԸҲռҪԭ򣬵Ҳ˵һϵҲûС
ڹһ飬̾ӦһֳԼһⶼûУһҲͼӵ˵սĽûйϵģǴһǣⷽҲ˼ȥ׷ϾɿǵһͷӦڵˣ㻹˼ȥ˵˼ҵĲǣǾеĸоˡ


622 Ӱ
л̾ʹӽָóһǧָͷ˹ɣһǧţϷȻ˵仰ŷܲܰɱͶġ
Ҳһͨ͸ˣһǧǸҿģͬʱҲΪ˱ԼˣŷҹûɱǧҲһ
ΪѾʧһŵӣǲŷҹɱʵûа취ƽϢȥԲŻдһС
ҾҲԸ롣
ȻˣҵԹۣ
ǺǣʥҲԸһ֮
Ҳ̾ͱ̬
лλ΢΢һЦ֮УҲûܵһǧջ󣬵ȻҲҶΪһɱŷҹһ׵йأǸоǲĻǾҪĶҪڣֻɱһŷҹĻǻǺ׵ģСֶΣΪ˶һЩֶѣϵǧֻиոһ飬ʣµĵ֮һңǲõڳôˣ˵Ҳġ
Ϻ꣡ﶼô
˭ΪָûǧŲģոǰһ飬Ǹҿģ˴ҶԸֵʱЩֻǳԲŻССֶΡ
Ȼȸһôһٴų뷨˿ǿɾЩÿˡʱ˵㶫ֻҪ˵仰ҲϹҲסģҾոҲͶˡ
һ΢飬ֻôһֲ̾ܲͬЧ
Ǻǣλ벻ҽﾹȻִܵǸûʲôԹҲຣУһǻǺڰɡŷҹһЦӻƶֻԶˡ
ɲǵҪӣĻͳŻƶˡ
ຣŽӳޣƾʲôֻһСĳҲˣôһԼĳޣֲƵģøຣȥʡš
ŷҹһߣڵĿɾͲӦˣŷҹǴǻƶˣոܰЩɵӦǲ˰ɣȻɱ
ҲҪɱŷҹģҲһŷҹɱȥ
һһ֮ŷҹɨȥԣ֮һϢźĹ󣬿ȥǵž綾ĺڵĹâ֮ҲӾģĸо׷ֶԷ١
µļŵĵӶǸһ׷ȥٲܱˣһϲÿ׷һǧأȻǸһ˵ģǺôԼŵ˶Ӧˣ͵ϷݣȥֻǴء
ʵϣǸҲûдͼô˵ȥɱһŷҹԷȻŵˣֻҪԶһҲ㹻ӦˣôϴҵĿģʵΪ˰Щˮôһຣž͸Ӷ˲ٵĵˣŷҹһСɱʲôˣڵΣѾˡ
ŷҹҲ˿ţɣЩ޶ຣŵģֲǽţ˵ҲȥģЩ˰סˣ˭˶һȻҪǿຣŵӶͷڹ꣬ǿ϶ͲǳֻҪһѪԵģ϶ùȥ
˿󣡡
ȳȻڵˣϾǲ֣һȼ䣬еĵӶγһƣ˫ͬӡһ
˿е󣬶ҲףȴΪΪ򵥣û̫ӵı仯ԲôиͬʱμӡԽ࣬۵ҲԽֵ򵥣ȴҲʵá
һʱƵĹ˿ҹȥ֮䵽ۿɼ벻ɼ֮Ĺߣ˿ƣƮƮȥƺûʲôƮ֮ȴž޴Ĳƺ֮һ֪ǲСӦԵĻܻܿᱻУûа취ٳ
ŷҹ˿ֶһ˿߹âѣźһУͿһɾ޴Ľɨ֮ǣе˿߶Զѿһûġ
˵ĽȻܲ׽еķ
˿󣬿Ƿǳεģʵ仯ʩչˣҪ̫ȥֱ棬ֻҪԼȥ仯ͺˣӦԵܰеǼֱҪԲ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ɿŷҹ״̬ȻˣҿûǾᣬ˿ӣڴ˵ɲһֺõԤף˵ŷҹ
Ӱף
ҲˣֻŮӵţһ֮䣬ȴҲǺǳӰףȻһ֣ǳһ׵ģȴʲô顣
ֻЩ׹⣬նһɫ⻪۳Ϊһֹ£ֻЩµıԵɫĹΣ֮䣬һİ
ƶƶĹ켣ʮ£ǽ۷壬һСģҲӰ֮гԿ
⾵ȻŮˣҲϲ˽ˣһ֮ǿɱУҪŷҹ
ȻҲǼȥ֤ԼʵйأֻŮӵɣͱΪһһᣬҲҪչʾһ£ôҿԼڣǲġ
Ӱ׻ʮ£˿ȥӼ򵥣ж֮Ҳ켣Ƿ͸ɱÿһ±Եɫĵ⣬ֻҪһӽܱ̾ϵ׵֮
ŷҹҲǵ׵ӽԼģȻʲô˺˭Ҳ֪᲻ʲôԳٻЧ£ǵĵٻˣǿֿˡ
ΪǿʾΪֿûôǿУʨӲãҲҪþȫοڵĶӣӣҲһȺܸĴӣ˭Сǣ̾һߵ³
֮䣬⽣ŵӰ˿ܽӽʮ¶Ǳţһ㶼ŷҹԽԽԶĵط
Щ˶⽣Ҳ֪ŷҹһΪķҾڴҵǰСһӰΣȻǺġ
ֻһʲôһжϲ
ӰƮתŶͻʱֻΧţȴŷҹʱһͻϮ
ʵҲǾڲ뾡ȫѣϾڵ飬ڲҪôżһСŭŷҹʱȫԸڣȴҪġ
֮ǰȫֻҪչʾѣչʾĿѾﵽˣȻֻҪסͿˣҲ̫ǰҲ˵ʲô
޼ʥ󣡡
ʱʥҲһ֣֮һƿһӣ͵ʥҪһжУǱʥ֮е˻ҪԷĸо


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ҲֻѣЩ˶Ǹ֣ƾԷκβԼԼҪһӶˣѶҲЩ̫
޼ʥ󣬿ȥҲһЩԻǵЧħ϶кһЩãﲻѶԷЧ
޼ʥ˷ħǿֿˡ
ŷҹ֮Ѿŷ飬תÿһ϶˵󳪣ڳ·һ
ħһʱͰ޼ʥ棬һʥ⾹ȻħĽĥʴˣһΧչȥۿҪ͸޼ʥĺˡ
ʥһǴ²ǱҪͣŻֻһ޼ʥֻҪһŷҹսͺˣָս˭֪ŷҹһ֣̾ǷͬСɣ⾻֮ˣ㲻ãԼҪǱˣǿǵòʧӴ֮Ҫʧ˱ԣΪԷūˣôأ
Щǻæǰ޼ʥæźȥ
󣡡
ڴʱҲų֣ҲˣŷҹֵˣǵҪѹУղʥԼֲõģҲǼˣһ־ǺպĲ񽣡
ʱ֮䣬ŷҹǰͺһ̫ȻڶԷĺХ֮䣬Ѹٵնȥ
񽣲ǲ֮ն佾ʹ֮׹䣬Ǳɱ֮˵ǰŻһյľ
ǺǣҾǿʲôյգŷҹһһ㣬ͬſзȥ
ʱ䣬Ѿڿ֮⣬·˶Ҫ׷κٶû죬ոΪŷҹҪܵʱ򣬾ͿͻȻ֮½䣬ڴҵ۾ѾûŷҹӰӡ
ǿֻһգһȼܻգ֮лŻһеɱ֮䣬·еһУյĻ֮󣬶ᱻ֮һ棬Ҳһ
񽣰Ե䣬ΪǾһհɣ
⽣֮䣬ƶؽһ֮ħ裬ڵħҲͬǰǰֻǵħ裬ڸں˾ŻȻǸʤ˼
һƣÿ˶Ӳӣ׷װԼĽƶһħôױסģ̾ͺȻӡŷҹҲûʲôɱֻ֣ǵڵ˶ЩǱȥǸոմӻֳһ
⻹ŷҹˣȻ⽣ɾͲֻǵ·ƣֱЩˡ
ŷҹҲ֪Щǵĺ̨һӰǶ̫ˣٲû˰Ǳĺ̨̧
ڵһһٱ֮Ԩǿɾ̫ӵˡ
ͷһˣҲһոսɾˣҲǽŽΪ״ӵģոһȴûþȫʱҲ
ŷҹսǲȫһͬʱõĽֱԷ׶ƣҲЩ֮ģӽʹ˽С
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һг֣֮г־ɰɽһŷҹ̤֮䣬·һȺսʤŷҹӿȥ
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еӰ׷ױɢҲû֮ǰ󣬺һвǻӰֻҪԷһۣʶһ
ôˣڵؿһĻҲԼŷҹǿ
סԼƾǷӿ֮ɶء
֮ۡһѪټ֮ǰջٵ·ԵøǱ˼֡
ҲֻǱѣǱǸ֮ǰսǲԶˡ
ʦ֣ҪǰػǱֵס
ŷҹҶСΪǡҲûиԷʤ֮ġ
ǸսһţոսʱȻϲãǸǶŷҹʵĲţҲҪȥ֤һ£ȻˣѾﵽԼĿģѾ֤ŷҹʵսòԩֵĻսҲһĽ
ಡ
ŷҹһʱһھĬһŷҹ
һпνõüŷҹһп˵֮󣬼䲻ݷ֮ʱ˳κһп˵֮󣬶һֱܵķɣɾͿ׼һʱ
ֲģ෴ǱڶʱѾгˣֱ¶ľȻһɱĴ㡣
Ҳͷһݣ¸ļּɵԼһɶսĻһҪע⣬ùյսŷҹսҪĶԷսڸó˵굽˼ַһΪ˴ﵽʤʲôֶζܻõˣǲСĵĻܾܿҪ˶Էĵˡ
ʱұȽϹĵȻŷҹܲܶùȥ˶ŷҹģôսһСӶòĻҲǵȷûӣڴҶһЧòҪŷҹɱʣµĴһ£ͷһȥˡ
֮ǰĹ˸һ̵棬ٱһɹŷҹɱˣ˵ôˣһ
ǵʱһǫ飬ΪǴһĹͣ˵ĽʱòϣɱŷҹˣôһŲûӣǴһηͷνƾˡ
ɾļ˵ŷҹߵʱȴŷҹתûоţ΢΢ЦЦ
ż˶ȥŷҹӰҲɢˡ
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Ҷˣ˭ҲûпŷҹʲôʱƶģǰһŸոһдʱǸλãǲܴġ˵һӰʲôطΪʲôҶ
һʱ䣬Ѿ˲ȥܹǾ޵һˣȫʶ֮ɢȥҪ֪ŷҹʲôط
λŷˣ˭֪ҵʶ֮ûвʲôڼԶƮһȴŷҹЦ˼Щˡǡ
СӾȻˣŵ˶ǵڵĵӣǸһǱôǳԿһԵÿЩ
Ǿʱڵͨͨ¶˾֮ɫΪǰ·ͻȻһ죬꼸һƳ˼Ƭ
⡭˼˵ŷҹѾ̶ֳȣ˶ûע⵽ʱ򣬾Ѿǵ·ն⻹򣬻ƨ
һεħԨ֮Уǲװŵˮ΢Ц˵
ڵŮһͷģȻûʲôʤ˵ҲûʧӰһֵʱ򣬻Ǻܸ˼µġ
û˵ľӮң̴Ҳ̫˵


624 ʮԼս
ˮ˵仰мƵᣬȻҲ˵ӣ˵ȺŮӣǹʵúˡ
෴ģҵĵڣȴû̫ԹҲйأڶŷҹĽзʮֿ϶֪ԷʵԶԶԼЩˣҸոһУҲûþɱС
ȻҲֻǴ͵˼ûаʵóܸͬоǰȫóҲһܰŷҹôǶԷҪȫĻˣ˵ȫɱҪԷȥһ롣
εħԨ֮Уĳϲ࣬ˣҲǽɾڵӣЩŵӶ࣬벽ɾҲв٣ˣҲÿһѡ
ڿȻǱȴǼ˴ˣǸս׶ʧȥŵʸǸôﻮһڵʧǲصˡ
һ֮Բ̫ΪǿĳҲΪҪѸŵӶһ£ôһʧȥһӣǲ뵽ġ
֮£ʵ̫ˡο¶Ҳֻŵ֪ڱȻǱˣʵ֪ļҲûкõȥ˾һ̾ˣû⣬Ҳŷҹ³˵ͷѾûʲô˵ˡ
һ߰ɣǰ˵ŷ֡ЦЦȻûаԼ˵һ£ͻȻתڵϣ֮ǰ˵ǿǧ֪㲻ǵڵʧǲСȻ˵ҪɱŷܵõĻǵھ˳ˡ
ڸһĳһ£ֻһͬŵûдĹʧĻһǲԤģһ£̾ͺص˵ͷ
ǵڵŵӣܹˣҲһֺܺõƷʰ
ǸսһӣǿŷҹΣգһζֻһʲôǧԵĿɾͲһĿˡѯʶԷһûеõ֮ǰԼ̬ȣһԵԼ䣬һҲôϣԲǵʧֻԼ˵СǵҲԲÿȻҲ޵ϣǾȥŷҹ鷳ҲҪһԼʵС
ӸոյŷҹΪеĻһ˿ɾЩˡ
ϺγһƵˣǴ˿Ҳɫ粻֮󣬲̾Ϣһµŵԣôȥ֮󣬸λǧһɶոǸŷҲȷǲʲôҿ˰ɣһҲã¶պǻҪຣȥֻġ
ǰһҲã˼϶˵㵹ǲһ԰㲻Ź˭ȽϵùһЩ
⻰Ҳû˻ȥ˵Ͼ˭Ҳûռʲôˣ˵ʵĲһˣԻղɡ
ŷһСһֱĬڸոյĴս֮УûٳֵսͻȻ̧֮ͷĿ±üᶨִţƺͨʲôϣ˴֮Ԩ̽ڷɣŷǵòʲôôڲĶֵģһлҪ˭ܳɾʱҪٸһսǲս
ã̾˳λģǧ͵λ֮ȥҲõģڣиˡû˿ɥս˵֮۶˷ܵĹâ
ǶΪսҪһ겻ˣҲ뷨ǿڵսƺָֻ˴ǰĶ־ǰһֳźأǴǰûеƷʡ
žţֻҪͻԼϣʧһЩʧһЩΪֻҪټʱգûЩʲô⣡
µģԼҲΪ뷨һ뷨žͽʱҲܱɴǰǸˣΪһһĴڡ
սˣڵʧҲͽˣȷһϲĺϢ
ɡսһ֮󣬺Ȼֻͷһ۹ɣǰһĶ֣ʮ֮㽫ҵ°ܽ
ҵʮ꣬ʱܳɳʲô̶ȡҲ׾ͱŭˣ̾΢ЦӦš
ĵҲһ־ףսƺʧһЩΪ֮󣬷øӿ˼֡
ǴǰսȻΪ֣սʤ֮ڣʮ֮һսͻȻԼľȻǺܼᶨԼҲһ
ʱ򣬹Ҳû¶κεҲţκ˵š
սñȴǰӿˣҲǵͷ˵
ƺҲ˱仯ڵĳҲǺǺЦ˼
仯ŷ̾˿Щ֮еĵӣΪԼ֮ӣڲᵽԭ죬ˣǸŷֻǿຣŵĵӶѣȴߵ֮ǰⲻò˵ÿ˶ĵطҾȻֻжʮͣȷ֮еţ治֪ຣôôһŵġ
ǡҲ˵ϢΪ֮ǰܵڤ׷ɱڤѣҲõһЩϢⳤȴЦЦŷ߱ûҪǿһЩǿຣģֻһɢޡ
ɢޣ϶鴤һ¡
˭֪ɢζʲôûйԴҲû̫ĹɹѡЩһͨˣԵɺϵõһЩ߸һʦô˳ȻõһЩԵǶ˶ֻƽĶдԵĶһѡ
£ڶʮͷ˽ɾһսԼĽɣò˵һ漣
Ѿݵģţţǰš
һаҲֶ֣̾ǸһĶû˶֣ͱúȤˡ
ǻҪǰ𣿡ڵ˶ˣⳤҲʵ
ȻҪǰģҲľ߰ɣƻ˹Ҳȥ̽һ£֮Ԩˣ̽ûеĻʵ뱦ɽջأŷ˵ΪУһֻҪΪѣҲɱֵģֻǲ֪Ŀʲô汦սɵʵҲܡ
ҲãǾȥɡⳤ˻Ӧ
ڵҲһǻƶʥںҲһۣһ֮Ÿȥ
ʵĸȻ沼˽磬ҲǸողµԨ֮ףûôȥ̽ͱŷҹ׷
ʱЩҲСΪ˵۷ĹɲģһСĴ˽ƣǾٲкܶ˽ȻҲʱƵģȷ˵ԷĹǿˣûпĻǵˣҲֻܱĹɣ̽


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˶Щ˼飬˵зҲˣ֮ԨֲûΪܶ˶֪ķʮԲŻƽΪһ
ǰʱﻹΪ֪ʱ򣬲ٵ;̽ˣǴ඼ðűɵΣս֮ԨǺҾͷ֣ÿһЩͷͻһο
֮Ԩ֮ٽʱ򣬾Ͳ֮ܵӰ죬ΣҲС˺ܶࡣķȴǲ٣ֻû˴ǰĹԡ
Щˣû˹ԣ󶼲ˡ
ԣӦǱǸŷ߹֮󣬲Żû˷Ҳ˵ǰ֮ǰķ󶼸ƵˡѾһЩߣ֮ǰǰȥ̽ʱ򣬻·ڷסûˣֻһͣ˰ǷƵ֮һصַѷҲˣǿͺʲôҲûйһ
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ĻǵȻûʲôƵһηʱ򣬾ѾЩˣûǲҪðս룬ΪʱƵڶΣпˡ
֮УûзܿˣɼŷҹǰЩˣһֲˣû̫󹥻ԵķҪô࣬Ҳһ׵飬ο˵ҪķԪյ͸Ҫʱˡ
߿һﶼŷ߹ĵطӦѾûʲôΣաҲЩ棬ҵҪŷжѵ˾ûм𣿡
ÿ˶мޣȴûпɾļޣԾ͸Ӻ
һʱ䣬ĸŶԼһ׷װٶȶ˼£Ҫŷҹߵĸ̶ȡ
ŷҹһ֮һ·֮󶼷ӵ˼£ϵķ󣬵ȻҲڷϤڵһʱܸӦǷʲôطԺ⽣֮ͨ£һ𹥻˲Ͱ۸ƿ֮Ҳûʲô֮ˡ
֮Ԩڿ֮󣬸֮ǰ𣬲ⷨȷЩ˶һֱַĻǲӦһֱôðŷҹҲɻ
ŷҹ֪ķ󣬿Щͷޱȣ֮ĹҲ﹥Ǵûܽȥʱ棬Ҳ˵ﻹûƹôķɵ۾ûȥ
Ȼɵ۾Ҳ̫࣬һɵ۾ͺ٣ɵ۴ŶԼĵȥ˵Ķˡ
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ǡŷҹҲˡ
ǵطý̻ԻͣԼκһҪӺΰɼԲһסġ
۷Ĺֻһ˵ѣǿǰط֮󣬴ʮоŸ붼뵽Ǵ˵֮е۷Ĺ˰ɣ
۾ҲٲôӴĹֻ⹬ȻΰҪȥĻȴ֪Ҫʲô취
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ⶫһˣȻԼκһֽƣҲƺûκεĹϵΪһϤĸо
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ͨѾԶӻƶ˳ҲǸӦʲôϤĶ
ҲҵһƬԵˣ֪Ǹһǲ֪ʲôຣžȻֻһ۷ĹǾǲܵõʲôΪһ߸Ҳͺˣŷҹš
ε¶һһְŵģ˵۷ĹҲûôĵĻŷҹҲǿţûκοຣŵĵе˼ˡ
ЩСɣĸһȺһȺˣѵͲ֪ĶֲԼɿຣҲϿԸһµˣȴǰͷȥû
ǵ֪𣿿ûô򵥡
֪ЩŵˣɸЩСȣຣŲ֪ްˣѵһ£ҲǺõģɿຣȴûô⾿ΪʲôأֻǸԼһֵĻ᣿
õʲôöǾԼĹͣǵòҲ㲻ʲôʧô˵ǿԣһİԼһԼ״
ŷҹôţһҲЩ֪Щʲôֲ˵һ
һ֪ŵݣֻҪģǳֲɣຣŸ֮ĶԹҲ֪֮ûʲôɻ͵ˡ
ຣܰѽŶ׷ɱȥʲôģ˵һûлԼ֮ǰһԼȥþŻô˵أ
Լȥڤͷӣֱ
ͷְԼˡŷҹҲǸ㲻ˣڷһһ
ŷҹ鶼˦˦ȰƸˣ¶
ͨ΢΢̽ŷҹҲһ£ǽɣ飬һѶҲûеġ
ǽ֮⣬ϸشǽ֮ϵĻƣһתϢĹââɵ۾ǿߣµĽ֮ҪĽƣȲҪŪĵһ׵飿
ŷҹһ֮󣬸ɻ֮ǰûзʲôȴ֪Щĳ̶ֳϣһнڱţֻҪһĸ֣ܴ֮зһЩߣǿÿ˶ΪĲͬͬ⡣
Ļǵһƽ֮أ
ŷҹԼŵĽΪһһǽ֮ϵĹȥֻҲû̫֮ǽŵĽɶʱĻͲܷӳ̫
ʶһ£˿ѾֺЩ˾ҪǰﲻòҪץһЩˣȻЩ֮󣬾Ҳûлزˡ
һֻǻӰҪúðҪԼݶ¶ˡ
ŷҹһᣬȻɣǾӲİɣ


626 ˽һ
ŷҹһն£һ֮ȫķͨǿն£˵ǿɽٺ֮Ҳһţһ֮£ǽƾȻһûб仯
һνƾȻǿķ֮ŷҹûнУû𻵷ֺƣǱһǿ֮ȥŷҹǿޱȣһЩԲˡ
ãӿЩѰˡŷҹ֪֮ԨòܿһΣÿһοֻҪһĻٵȵȣҪһξҪðǧſһΣǵȲ
ԭҲõʲôڲһˣо۹֮ϵȻô׵÷
뵽˾Ҫˣŷҹʵڲ֪ôܰƴ򿪣ѵҵ̫ˣҪǿһЩܴĽ𣿡
ŷҹԼţ̲סѹҲ˳ϴܵڤʱҲѽóΪأȴΪҪ浽ʲô
ŷҹһӶƶҪͨֻǲеģ˿ˣɾ鷳ˡѧ굽˻ƶȽϰȫֻ˲֪ܲʲô
ڼѽѾںϵ൱ˣ¶ԭҲѲסֻ˲״ھͳǿ
һȻû򣬵ȴоԼѾ޼ˡ
£ٴδսҲδؾͻԷǷ֮ȴһҲˡ
ŷҹһ֮̾ʹӻƶԾһնǽϡ
ˡ
βǽǸ˷ӦûеƵʱ򣬾Ϳǽ⾹Ȼӭֿͨһ϶
ŷҹһĶԥģһͽС
ô£ŷҹԼҲɻˣҪ˵ܹ֮ýѽƸնҲпܵģöԷûնѾ˵ĳ̶ȣǿɿ϶ġ
ֻǼ򵥵ؿһ£ʱˣ滹ŲأҪصǸȻ˿۹ˣԺȥҲ˵Ļɡ
ֻҪЩ˿ԼǾһƥ˵˭֪Լܴŵ۾ߣǲӣ뿪ûκסҲһֱ£ЩҲţֻҪԼǿǾǰ۾ˣҲԼƤˡ
ҪڽͲһˣûдóʲôöֻǱ϶Ϊõ۷Ĺ˵ǹĴУǲԼǿຣŵӣǽŵӶĶ
˵ǽɾˣ徳ǿҲһƬһƬǰɵ۾Ҳұ֤᲻ǵȷԼĵ۹ȡֻΪǲΪðգⶫһɾСûκΣյ£ܰⶫõܾΪеĻ˭Ź
ŷҹոغãĸŵӶѾϵˣЩ˱ٶ£Ҳֻǰž͵
Ǵ˵֮е۷ĹˣȥǹһӿǹӸ̾š
⹬˺ΰǸɵ۾ˣǲǾδˡˮ翴ǹķҲƵ˵һ䡣
ɵֻһ˵Ϊۿɽ֮ɽﴫ˲֪ٴɵ۾Ҳϡ٣ǱǻǶöˣϾһ۾Ϳͳɽꡣ
ǲۣҪȥһҲ̾ţ췢ֵһȴǸҪŷȥѵûǸˣ
˶Ҫ˵ˣǲܵ飬ŷҹһ·һ·ţҲû·ߣһ·ûпŷҹصġ
ѾҲŷҹߣȷܽпܷء
Ƕ̶̵ʱһʱȥҲ϶Լһûбİ취Խ˰ɡԶֻһ£ȻŤͷߵĿ̫СǶ̫Żῴľ޴ջ󣬷֮̾ߡ
ҲԸ֮ˣŷҹߵĻǲһûиӦĻñȴǿ˶ȥ
ЩȻ֪ԼȲŷҹǳԼŷҹô࣬˭ŵģЩɣŷҹµȥˡ
ҪģҲҪȥȻŷҹһ˵õ⹬ĶǿɲʲôõĽ
۷Ĺһαߵ˾ͷǵﶼЩ˷ܣȻǼһˣԼҲߵˣܶǰ˶֪ǿ˶١
Ҫ֪Щֻһֽƽ編ѣԼѴ֮Ѿߵ¶ֵԼͬȥһˡ
ڸջǰһʱҲ벻ҪЩˣ֮ҪĽҲƳ˵ֻҪܽȥˣΪŷҹҲûƳ֮ǰЩƷ󣬶ǱƵһӶʣ£һȥһĺۼûУɼ϶ܽķҪƸȥ
ŷҹܽȥȷǴЩ˼һǴ򶷵ĻոѾԹռˣڻڵˣӲռˡ
ҪƴӵĻǿɾͲһˣţҪǰǵһ𣬿϶ŷҹҪǱҲȥˣοŷҹء
λҪƿ磬Ҫһˣǲ˭Ҳܵƿŵ
ոյʱҲûԹмһȥǿȣûһ޹ģм˱ȫܵ˾޴ĳںרŶ飬ûˡ
ڵѾǰŶȻڹ˲ôãҲò˵˵ǶԵģֻһ𣬲ܽ⹬жŷҹһ˵õˡ
ҲڿϧûһǿеĻ϶ڱ֮ǰͰƿ뵽õĺô
ֻЩڶЩˣ֪ͨڵǿߣٸʱҲҪһʱ䡣
ǿߵȷѸ٣ѸҲûа취ޱߵĿռ䣬ڸٶȱ׽ǺֹǿԴǧ򱶵ǿռҲһ˺ֹǧ򱶣һȽϾ֪ˣǿҲܵġ
ͺñ׽·Ҫö࣬ǿҲһϰ·̣Ƕм޵ġ
ΨһǿٽģڼһЩҲظˣԺܿͶͬ׼˵һٰը
ϵ˵ŪĻǾͿԻȷһ˵ķĹˡ


627 ۼ
һܺµľÿǾѾˣôҲȰǰ˵֮ʲôҪô䣬ʱòԼǸߵڣ᲻ᵽʱһţЩǺܿǵ⡣
ҪǿǶˣԼֻһ
ҲʲôֻҪôҰеһҾˣûӣѾʼԽˡ
䡭
Ȼ˶࣬һ֮󣬲һģɼЩ˵
ǿɶһЩǿߣ͵Ҳ۷壬ϲõĻҲû˵ˡ
û⣬һ֮Ҷɵˣʲôûа
Ǹζûлһ£žͰѾ޴ķ֮ǵϡ
һֻǱԼһһǰÿ˵ԷȥģҪȻܺ͵һӼǲ֪Ҫֲʲôӣ˵Ҫˡ
ӴҶɵˣҲ̫ʵˣô˵˶򲻿Ҳǰ״Ҳ̫ˣ
Ҳǣƽʱ棬ѾǼŴˣҪǴǰĻ֪˳ʲôء
˵ҲһģֻǽһأһǶûء
ŷҹأѵŷҹڴҵƤ£һ֮͵͵ˣ
ϸ룬ҲĿˣԷܻΪԼЩˣһֱΪУﲻܴ򿪣ûбĳ·֮̾óǿֶΣðմǵм䴩ȥˣԼЩΪһʱĴ⡪ҲֻôˣŻᵼ£ûȥע⵽ŷҹȻĸһͷߣôˡ
Ҫô죿㿴ңҿ㣬Ⱥų˵ĵ·ˡ
ŵӵǺҪһȣǿǵճ̶ȣֻͣƬ֮󣬾Ҳһˡ
ĵط֮ζǿ׼ǲ̫ܽĵطЩƲˣҲû̫ĹԣŻڵˣѾߵͷʣµʱʲôʱ֮Ԩرգ˭Ҳ֪һһ̾Ҫأ
ǲǸԼ
һ֮Ԩ̾͸ԼŵϢһһʮػ㱨ˣຣųһ켶ĵӣ֮ԨʧҲ˵ˡ
Ա˵ǶˣǶԼ˵ֻǸ͹۵ʵҪȻһ﷢ʲô벻⣬ҲҪʧְ֮ġ
ǵȻҲҪλر֮ǰǾˡ
ĽӦþˣΪԷǻ˺ܶ࣬϶Ҳһ֮ԨѾˡ
ȻûȫȥǺҲȥ̽ģ飬֪òһЩ
Ȼ⼸ŵ˶ʧˣǲŸոհϢȥ֮ԨѾǿų֮ţûнӽ֮ԨڴǣҲоħԨΧ˶ǿҵš
֮ԨڴǼŲµķ磬ʱڼ顱֮Уĳǿ˲伷ƣѾûˣȻǱ޿ռ䲻ɡ
Ȼ֮ԨϿգһĽ磬ǹϷĽ編һһ㡣ֻϷоǿ֮ųУ˻ӿ£еȥǴûˣЩ˿ɾ͸Ӳˡ
˶̾ϢţҲ֤һ㣬ǸŷӦˣûߵĻǺǣǾùˣǽǸôĽһָһܳŷҹСӾ͸Ӳˡ
ˣһжع鵽˿ʼħԨǸħĵطЩ֮£˼ħôҪٶһЩջֻϧҲûʲô䣬ϵңһЩʺʧ䣬Щһ뿪ˡ
֮ԨĵײŷҹȴǾһУ¶˺Ц
֮ԨƵ̫ˣ˶ΪԼҪôҪôѾˣǴ뿪֮Ҳʲô̫鷳֪˿ɲʲô顣ŷҹ
ӴĹ˭ģǲ֪ŷҹ֪һУǿɵ۾ԴԴֻһɵ۾ġ
ô˵ɣصһǵۼ
ǿຣĴ֮УҲֻмصǵۼ붼ģ˴˵еȨŵۼ֮⣬û˵еۼġ
ֻһۼͱȿຣһԴҪӷ񣬴˿̵ŷҹҲõԴ⣬һ֮ԨıؾѾ㹻ˡ
ĺ£ҲûڷȻȻܣҲðŷȥຣáǵԴˡ
ֻҪȫİѰѩĪϣҲٶʲô
뵽ˣѩŷҹһЩȻԼҲǲһЩ֣վֻɽһǣҪҵѩ治֪Ҫȵ¡
ɽѰѩģ֮أҲΪ˱Ƶûа취ԼΪͿҪɱֻƴЩԴˡûԴĹǣûˣȴһ⡣
ຣţҹǰһҪϿຣţֻһζҪȥԷǵԴȴûõʲôϢ
˵ΪҲıԵڿຣһɱҲаȫˣβһҲԹԼãһ棬ʱ򣬾ǴӿຣõѩĪϢĿຣҲһ֪ɣ
ŷҹ⣬Ҫٻؿຣţһεص㣬ȴҪȥ̽Ϣ
ҲǣຣűϾһɣڶԷ취̽Ϣ;ǺܶģֻһжҪһЩ
ȻŷҹҪ̫ӽһΣҪһЩǷµ飬ԷΪ
ຣ֮ĶԹҲҪѶԷһŶŸģŵֻԱĿ֮²ŶֵġֻҪЩ˲ԼΪѣûҪʲôġ
һвΪͬΪıѣຣִţ׷ȥҲҪѽҲЩĶˡ
һ죬׼ֵܣҲȤˣǿҲຣŵô򵥣ԼļҲһЩôҲǰԼ̽һЩϢ
ʵڲУԼ͵Ƿһ飬統׽ǼҵĹֻ֮࣬ҪܽǵϢ̽һѩĪͺˡ
ŷҹҲû뵽ص˿ຣ֮󣬻ȥκ飬һ֮ͷˡ


628 ຣ뽣
ŷҹص˿ຣ֮󣬻ûʲôһѾȥˡ
һ·ŷҹҲʮ̹Ȼһ·Ѿ˵úֻҪһҧԼ֮ԨǸ˳ͻ֮Ϊ򲻿۹ĽƣٱΧԾǱŻˣ˭Ҳûа취ô˾ΪŵһЩ𷣣ⶼС¶Ҳڰô
һЩӺ±Ҳδؾ±ԴΪеǰ;ܵӰ졣
ŷҹûⷽĹˣûҪڿຣŴһӵģֻҪһѩĪ䣬̾ͻߣ˿˷ʱˡ
֮Ԩıأü˶ɾ۾пܣΨһĿֻˡ
ΪҲӽҲδؾܰˣΪﶼû֮ء
Ҫ˵ڵŷҹʲôĻǾǵѩǱ߳ʲô⣬Լҵ֮ǰǳ¶ĻǿɾǴ鷳ˡ
Щµ飬ڿຣûˣ˵̹ȻǴڵ⣬˿û˾η֮ˡ
ȥħԨʲôջ񣿡һȻһʵ
ȥûջ񣬻һС鷳𷣡ŷҹǰӵ
Ŷʲô鷳Ϊ鷳ģ¼Ҳˣ˵˵Ϊʦûʲôܰæġһ˿˵Ǳǰ˺ܶ࣬ȥһͨʦûʲô
Ҳ֪ŷҹĴôоһ̬ȣƺǴӸ϶ѾתˣѵΪǰ;ͼֵ
ҽħԨΪ֮ԨϷûа취УһСִ֮ŵĽ磬Ը֮һЩͻεҲû׷˼ŷҹ͵
µԨ֮׺ڵĵսŵӹɵҾս;ʩչһطȼƴһսûа취ҲֻܸಫսˣǵĳȴöĴһΧңõӼƲѾߣҽԨʱǹ֮ŽƣҪ룬ǵӵķ΢ûֵǼһΧﲻߣԾ֮ǵߣûܹ
ǺǡһֻһЦŵΧ֮£ȫˣѾܿΪʵһҲղǿຣСöСŶѣֻѹ֮ϣúܺãҲûǿຣŵ硣
ǵҲຣ˵Уֻ¹˼죬ǾͻµʱΪΪѣԻзҲãһеΪѡŷҹ̹Ȼ
²˵ˣΪʦڣҲҰôҿຣȻˣҲǾǣҪǾһսʤ֮䣬ȥһ鲢ôģȷдʦѾ֮ԨҲǸȴֶ˵ѣһŵĵӣѵ滰˵ֵܳԨ㱻ʶƣϵûУôõؽôõ˹ûЩֻͨҲӲ˶ɣ
ŷҹȫһݣŲҲ˲ͺһʱҪԷಫ
ŶԷּƣһֻǵȻЦЦǺǣ̬ˣȥħԨȻȥ⣬ӦܿóҶһⶼûУûɱ㻹ʵʵҸ˵Ҫ㣬ڵʵߣƱҲߵʱصˣҿຣŵӳȥ֮ȥҸ͸һ͸Ҳ㻹ǲҪٷˣҾ졣
ǺǣȻ֪ǽŵӣǿһжֻΪúܲˣҵ͹ǣҲ͹ңҪ뿪δؾͻңຣŵȻ࣬δؾܴããɽҸҳҿԱһӣҲԱһӣϵϢ仯ǧòҲһԸı䣬ʲô취Ըأŷҹ˿ŵ˵
ȷˣ㻹Щû˵ĻһֻЦЦԵЩĪ⣬ຣţң֮䲢ûгޣҲ׼Ըң෴һҪ㡣
㣿ŷҹЩŵؿŶԷҪң
ȷе˲ţΪຣŵĵӣһЩΪ𣿶Ҿ˵εŵӿˣҲרΪ˷ֹǽŵĵ˻ŸıģھȻ˵Ըе˻ɡ
ŷҹҲ֪ͬһһʵɱڵԼҲûбҪֻѻڸԼʲôĿģŷҹҲ֣Է˵ȫܵĻʲôĿġ
ţ֪ħԨĵصףȷһɵ۾ǿģ˲ۣ·صȣһǵۼܣɽ֮Ҳֻ֪һ㣬һˣǸ㲻ͬǣҴûнǸħԨûܽе۹һжΪֻԽȥΪǽŴеӣҲǽδˡһ˵
˵ʲôԼ֪𣿷Ǳ˵ͿˣҵȷǽŴеӣֻ֤ʵһĻôʽŷҹѾʲôȻҲѾزסˣһǲףô֪ǸеԴʲôΪʲôֻһ֪
ǺǣѾ֪ŵĴʦʵǿຣŵӣ˽ľžޣִ˽ţҲ֮ľһŷҹţֵӻᱻԭĸŶܰŵοǻһѾ޽ӽɵ۾ĵӡ
ʲô˼ҪңĽʦΪŻᱻຣŷҹ۾ʵ
һҡͷȻǣʦǵûдһŹˣľ֮󣬸սףΪɵ֮µһˣʱҿຣҲһΪҫ
ֱ˵ɣôŷҹֹºܲͷôҪԭٱȻôڵຣŸżƲӡ
ۼɵĲܣǵһɳƱؾ۾޴в۵֮£ຣŲŰŷұʦţѰһɣõӴ׷ɱһҲ̾һҲΪ˱Ϊຣŵĵӣɶĸ֣˵Ҳû˵ֻǺҲຣȻŷұʦţǲûҪɱȻ˵ԴҲգȻбĻԵԲϵǲһЩ˼뵽ຣУһǸຣ׳һȴذѿຣſ


629 ֮
ƿຣţŷҹһξˡ
ɵŷұͬʱҲɵſຣţΪ˵УԤԹһںУŷұǡǡԿຣţ϶ຣҲĸ󻼣õĽǿຣڸŷұĶԿ֮У˴˶ܾˣһ壬ǸдĿຣһûκεĺ֮ˡһһҲǶǸп
ǺأŷҹܵҪΡ
ǺǣຣȻĸŷұսȻвٵߣһຣȷûʲôܴùŷұʵҲץŷұصҲȷ̫죬ֵնɱˣѰһԨźǰȥ̳СһתͷԳɵڲ׽ŷұϢŷұ֪ˣ֮Զûգһȫݲ±˵ۣҲȡ֮ռһսŷұնɱۣʣµɵҲˣŷұҲ˶ȥ
ŶΪʲôʱ䣬ຣŻӽΪУŷҹţҲҪŪΪʲô
ŷұһһնɱۣɵ۾ʣµô᲻£һҡͷȻˣǻеڶۣ֮ǰ۾ɵŷұһôΪûгֹοۣǱŷұ˹ģһŷұĿֲԸӺŷұһʱͬ۵ıλȥˣ۸ŷұ֮սĿʼ
ŷҹü˵ǿ⣬Щûа취ȥ֤ʵһ˵ЩƭҲƭʲôǾӦˡ
ŷұףԼҲָܻҲ۵Ķֵģ˵һˣһۻҪɱҲ֪ҪӦԣ£صຣţԼĵطܣһһ󴫳Уĳһ죬нĵӻصຣţǰܸʱ򣬶ˣͿԴɾ֮λѽŴȥ˾ˡһЦ
Ǻǣ֮ǰô֪ңŷҹʵ
Ȼ˴룬ûȫš
ſʼҾѾע⵽ĽʱĽӣȴŻôˣһԭ򣬶ʩչҽķӣ˵ɱڤΣÿຣŵӵݰνķʱһȷ㽣ŵӣĻҿຣڵʵ治Ϊһӣȥڤԡһ˵ȻЩ֮ȥħԨҲҪ̽ҵϣһȥȻƿ˵ŷұµĽƣǰ˵ֻнŵӣٰ˽֮ƿƣĻκ˶ûʸõһƵʱֵƾѾõ˸Ӧ֪̾ǽŵˡ
˵ĶģΪʲôຣŻɵӵȥҲҪԣһͷܹɾһɣܷɽ˰ɣŷҹԭһᡣ
ȥģʲôຣŵӡһ̾Ѿ˵Դӳŷұ֮Ѿ𽥵߽ſຣŵʵ֮ǰһţŵ磬л˰˲ٵĵǰ̽ӣĿຣţѾǵĿຣˣΨһҵǣຣЩһֱСĽشţĵı֮λҲ¸һϵˣ˵ɵЩˣһЩӶѣҲиͲ֪ĵӣЩ˿ҲӽΪУҲ֮٣ຣű̫ǲһҵûа취סˡ
ԭˡŷҹҲ̾˿û뵽оȻôۡ
֮һŷұ֪Լɽ֮Уûа취ٸۿ⣬ðž޴գ꽣֮ɽ磬˼ȥ񽣽ģϣ԰ѽһŷԿۣϧʱҲ˽һУԽǿ׷ɱһɫ䶼أԵҲֵѪȷ磬ֻһССĿຣųɾ͵ģ඼ڲݶѡ
ʱ˼绹һŷұûа취£׷Ľ֮ҵλã֮ضԼӡٴתһʦҲʦʦŷұˡһŷҹ֮ռҪܴнŵ񽣣˸ɽΪӣϧӣһŮֻй츳ѣҲſ˻񾳣ѾµɱʱŰѾɣֻϧѾû˴֮ˣҲûа취ǽ֮ŷұûа취ԼԸӡ֮£ǳΪһ֮飬ڴһһԶʧ
飬ŶѾ֪ˣĵӹ͵Ϯȴһ˿𣬰ѽĴиϣҲŷұԸµһɡһ̾һ˵
ô˵ĻȻ֪Щ飬ô֪ģŷҹɻؿŶԷ
ѾȷһƭģҪȻҲôɾǲƭģ¶˵Ҳ֪Щ֪Ҳֲ̫һЩɣ
ຣűȥģɲֻһˣŷұǰȻӡԼתȴûʧȥԼļ䣬Ҳ־ᶨҲΪԸ뵽һЩ취򴫵ݸңȻһ֣ǹһ֪֮ͨⷽͨຣҶԽŵ飬ʵʱκ˶һ̾˿ֻǿϧˣŷұʦž޵һҲֻܴڽϣ飬ǡ
ڰЩңΪʲôŷҹʵ
ȻûʲôĿģֻҪ㣬ຣţȻвٵĻվԼԺҲذѿຣŵУ٣Ĵˣǲؼɵģĳ˵ҲͬӵܣгһʵŷұʦԸɾһۣǾǰѿຣŸΪţҲ޲ɡһ˵ڵĻµݣÿຣ״ӾͺˣȻǹĵӣǧұҲϲ٣һʦҲΪȻǲԸ⣬ҲԽһʦ塣
ǾͶлʦˡŷҹԷ΢΢
ǺǡһԷʦҲǰ㻹Ҫίһ£ֻܹҽʦˣոһһǿɲ״Ӧýеġ


630 ŮϢ
֪ˡŷҹҲ֪ԼһһʦЩв
Ҫ֪ǰһǽŵĴ֮װжԷʦĸо
֪ɽ϶б飬Ǿȴ̫Դӹ飬ҲûҴϢˣʲôѴԸ˵ʦһһ˵
̫ˡŷҹһϲ
˵Ҫһ³ͰĹϵѩĪϢڿɺãֱӾĹϵ⻹ʲô˵ģڿຣﻹбĹϵ
˵ɣҴһ£˵ŵӸŮӹϵһ˿ŷҹ֪ǲҪŮӣ
һѩһĪѩǾҲ֪ڵʲôˣȻҽҩһʱҲҲŷҹ˵ЩһĪħŵĴߡ
ˣҵû˵ϢǷ֮󣬾һֱûκ˼ֻ˵ڵһĽѩŮ˵ĽյһŮһʱ䣬ҪŮףɾ֮ϵſԲμӶֻҪڱ֮аεͷлõλŮһ΢΢һ˵ֻǲ֪Ľѩ˵ѩǲͬһˣǵĻϢһҪٽһ̽Ϊ漰Ľۣ鲻ô׵ģһСľͻ۵ע⣬ʱ٣ǿɾ̫ˣǻСһΪá
ŶĽѩľκ𣿡ŷҹæʵ
ĽڣǲҲŮΪģ˵ѩˣȻܵ۵Ҳ޴棬κһ۶ôǸλ֮£κζԼΪۡһ˵
ʦ˵öԣһҪ֪ĽѩǲѩǵĻǿһεĶǷȥˡŷҹ˵
ʵϣǸѩĻҪμǸףֻھҪ׼ˣΪ˶֮󣬶ҪʼԭҪŵӲμӵģȥԣܹر¶ĽڵĽ㲻ǽĴеӣҲ㹻Ľڵۼɵˣע⵽㣬ǿΣաһ˵
⵹ҲǸ⣬ýҸʲôŷҹ΢΢ЩΪѡ
һʵڽϵ߰˷֣ûͨǾ͵ڰĳˡ
һ֮䣬һǹϣݸŷҹ˵ҪμӵĻֻһǹһĳ̶ȣͿԱɷ㲻ýҲһóľǽ߾硣
ŷҹЦ˵ף߾磬Ҫ˵ܴﵽҲͲٳˡ
µҲֻܷһˣʵҲνȥʲôʤߣǸĽѩѩĻŲȥƴ˭ʤ˭ʤȥɣѩǾǰѽóĶۣʱֻҪӵС
⣬ѩܲӵõ
ڳĻ⻹ǲ˵ԷϾƿɽһеɵۣҪ˵һѣԷ϶ǻˣ۱Ͼۡ
ǹŷҹﻹţҪǸĽѩ֮ǰֿĻԼȥʤ˻ǲǸԼһ
ɲһԼϣʱҪɡ
ˣһ˵ħ˵Ī˵ɽ缫֮أһħŵֹһбŮӣ½ѡʥŮ˵ŮʮΪѾӽһְһõϢŷҹ
ǿຣŷҹһֱûյκϢǵ˶ԷϢ㶼
۴һ˵ŷҹֻȥˣѩȥĻø˱ˣǿɾһӺĪˡ
֪Ǹʲôʱʼʲôطŷҹʵ
ȥĻҪһ̣֮ɽڵ۳ǣеˡһŷҹ㲻ҪĻȥһ˼֮أǸĽѩĶ׽ˣҪдҲҪ֮󣬵ǸĪѣѡΪʥŮܻܿͳΪħӣȥˣǱҲˡ
ʲôŷҹҲһ㲻˵ʵǿ𣿡
˵ǼȻΪʥŮǾҪΪħӣʥŮħ֮УۺһĴڣ˿ʱȷǺܽţ㵽˼֮أ̾͸ϻĻӦûܸϵ۳ǵĶסһͷ˵ҲǸĽѩʲôӣȷһЩ㣬ҿεĶףܾܿһ壬óȻǰȥĻ˵Ľ۵Ȧףɾ͸ˡ
ŷҹͷ⵹ģɲóȻжħ֮ҲһǶԷĪĻɲ˭ʥŮ˭ħЩûйϵ֮ħ˭ʥŮܵĻʮŷҹٰһΪҲܲ
Ҳãȥһ˼֮أκϢѸٸϻذɡŷҹ˵
Ҳõģǿຣ뼫֮ز̫Զٶȣȥﲻʱ䣬ֻҪﲻҪ̫ʱ䣬Ͳ˶׵¡һȻЦҲڰ˵ԭ֮һ㻹֪Ϣպ϶Ҫʦģûмʱˣʱ䣬跨֪ǸĽѩʲôӣҲижϣʱѩĻҲ͸Ӻ˵ˣ취ͺá
áŷҹҲΪ׵ʵ֪ʦո˵ģЩ۰ӿຣŵ˶Щ
ЩҲȥǣֻҪǲǵͺãڶǳǷɣ˵ڻǶԸǵʱһжҪȴʱ˵һЩ˲̫ϣҲǣຣѾʱ䣬һӸı䣬϶ᱻ˷쳣Ǹرϲǵϱ֮һǸ³Ȼ۰ģһֱ֮λȽϹģֻΪһЩ±ϻҪΣգŮӵǶûʲô쳣Ҳҷԭ֮һ
˵ĻŷҹЦЦһһ֮󣬾һȥɣ˵ͻкûᡣ
ŶһҲ֪ŷҹʲô۳ǣڱĳǳأǻ˵һЩ۳Ҫ۳ǵĸǿеѶȰ
Ϊ۳ǣԶֵĻͲǡŷҹаյ˵ʦ㲻ùˣȻ԰ף֤ɱǸϣ˭Ҳ㵽ǵͷ


631 
ŷҹûڿຣŶǵڶһ׼ȥ֮أһϢһбŮһħ㣬ֱΪʥŮ˺ܿǴ½ĪĻ˵ûǱʧǣŷҹͲòȥһˡ
ϾŮҲǸѩһŷҹų飬Īŷҹ֮ĸ飬ôһ֪һУҲġ
ĪѡҵһɷŷҹȻȥʲôϾԼѾѩǱʧǣڲ֪Ҫȼ޸ħĻͲܲˡ
ΪĪҪôһӶǱĿܣҪô֮޾ʹ࣬ŷҹ뿴ģһȥ
֮ǰŷҹ͸˳һЩԴΪһѾ˰벽ɵ۷ˮƽֻҪһЩ̾ܳɾͽɾ
ĸҲû뵽ŷҹھȻһ˵ҳ֮Ѿɷ³ϵҪ
Ǻ£ҲѹһѹͷϣɷҪΪһҲˡ
ŷҹһ·ߵú޷粨ֻһʱ䣬͵˼֮أһҲ˽ϵƶҲһƿշбȵģֽһ֡
ֻ֮󣬴ҵħŵӣôҵʥŮǲĪһȽ鷳⣬ΪʥŮҪǲĻ׾ͷֶԷ
˵ħɽɲôܻӭģɽϽҪɱǵģô׾ͱҵˣħŻôȥ
ŷҹӻƶĿ֮ѾһƬããıԭأĴûһɫеֻǺѩɽɱ֮⡣
ֲħŻɽˣҲмȥĵطɣɽħռһĵطҲһ֮أδؾͿϢ˵Ѿɱռˡ
ŷҹǰУһЩʱ䣬ǰԭһ飬Ҳֻ߿ˡһϢǼٵģһҲİһЩ
ٶȼ죬·;Ҳֻл֮ѾԾ⻹ûôռٶȣҪԽĻֻҪһʱͿ԰ԭ߹ﲻ󣬿Ҫһ˲ףֻôһ߹ȥҪȻͲ֪Щħ֮˲
ţ벻ԭϣԵҩŷҹؿڲԶǰһɢޱҩ
ҩôΣһҶ֮УžŶѪһ컨䣬ȻСȴ쳣ԣҩɢ֮⣬һůϢɢ
˿ɫѾҩݵΧȻǵҩݵĺ컨һ棬΢΢֮䣬ΧһСƬطҹĵƻһ
Ǵ˵оݣŻһȴݣƳɵҩ֮󣬱ŻĹЧҪҲؼݣ׽ⶫ֪Ҫֵ٣ɽҲɣû뵽ԭϱԼһ꣬һǸոճģǺŷҹְǾ·΢΢һηŽ˻ƶĵرǲɶõıԺеôϣһͷҰĪҲҵ
֮䣬Զ˵
ǰ棬ǿ˾ݣǵʱûпҵʱҲʶǸոտǸͼ֮Ҹоʮа˾žһˡ
Ϊʲô˵ⶫ֪͸˰ѸȻȻ٣һҪǱ˷ˣǿɾʧˣҵĵر֪Ҫȵʲôʱȥ
ǸҲǸոտͼײ֪ҲΪⲻһͨĲݰˡ
ͨĲԭ֮ȥɢ˵ôôûأ
һд߸ˣһ·ŷҹ
ߵ˽ǰʱֻŷҹžͿЩ˷׷״ˣ⡭ݱ˸ˣ
˵ԵЩ׾һѾһƿŷҹȥλѣҲһ֣֪ûпһҩݣҼҷ˼ҩõĶ㿴˵ĻԸҰ
Ҳǽû˶࣬Ȱŷҹ˵Ȼ͸ðˣ󵹵˭ǵ˵
˵Ǿҵȷǿһ꣬ҷ˭ʲôҪݣ֪ݳ˺֮⣬񲢲Ĳɣŷҹʵ
ҲһҽˣҼҷ˵õǺ֢֮ҪݾԻλӰǾǣм˵üΪУŷҹסҪˣݸκĻ
ǺǣþȥκʱҷҪˡŷҹȻЦһҲǸ˵һѡѣû뵽ô˳Ÿ˶ˡ
㡭֪ŷҹĵܿô˵ǻԸ㷽󣬾˵һ۸ֻҪ̫ףһҸ㣬ҲֺΣ
ҰѾݸԣҲԲҪҡŷҹҲǲƴ֣еۼˣѾĶˣңʲôˣҿĹΪ⣬Ӧòɽеͨһ˵һħŵӳûѵǾħˣ
ŷҹ⻰һ˵Щ붼ɫ䣬Щŵӡ
ħһȻΣһɽ˰ǵʶƣⲻ˽š
㲻عʲôݣֻҪǾݸǣǾͻ㹻ҡͷǸȻЩһ˵
ǾͲ˼ˣҲܸһȺ֪ϸףǻһʵû˵Ļҿǻǲ̸ȥˣڰɡŷҹЦЦתҪˡ
š̾һֹԱ߶ѸٰŷҹΧһȦӲҪˡ
ôҪҴһܲܰѾȥŷҹʵ
Ȼ㲻ʶ̧٣ҲֻôˣֻһˣҲûа취ϢȥɣͷЦڸı⻹ü˵׼ٸһЩҵġ
ãոջ˵ǻḶѾ˵׼ҿҲ˵׼Ḷ٣ЩħŵĵҲЩ׶
ŷҹϲˣģȻò˼ãͷҲõи
Ǿ԰ɡŷҹ¼磬ǿҪСĵҲġ
ֵϰͷҲֻ۷ΪΪ͸һЩЩһŷҹÿ̫Զˡ
Ҷûжʱŷҹֻһ֣̾ͰЩ˶Уһˡ


632 ħŵ
ǾɵҲ֪Էһɾǿߡ
ɽܿô˶࣬ʵһٸɾҲҸɾ⣬һٸ벽ɣ켶İ벽ɻࡣ
ǿ϶һٸ벽ɣ£Ѹپһ취ŷҹġ
ɴ治ħŵĵӣǰɣǷԺҲҴˣǣǴݵˡͷǸ۷޵ʹһĶɽ۷尡ʣ¾һȺƦǴյһҲǸɴµˣһȺں֮ڣͰǸ˰ɣҪԸҩݵĻǿҪٿۡ
Ҳǿŷҹûж֣ҪɱǣŸҰ⻰˵Ҳһ˵ѣѾûдˣ˵ǵҲĲ࣬ŷҹӦҲ𣬴һʼһӣŷҹҩݸóʱҲ١
Ҫ֪ɽһЩֻãƷ׸ߵķǿƻ֮ԶĶٵҪʱ򣬱СӸֽţǿɾͲˣǲŷҹѶó˵ʲô۶ȴӦ󲻸Ǯˡ
˭֪ŷҹҲûдǣ͵أͳڵĽ
Ǻǣ˵ˣشҵ⣬ʵʵػشң˵ҲҪǮҲѾݸǡŷҹŶԷ˸ţ֪ԷǲţְѾݸƶȡ˳ûУⶫȷҵֻҪ˵ĻģǾͿ԰ǣǼٵĻǾͲ˼ˣǵҲߵͷˡ
һ˵滰ͷ۷̾͵ͷ˵滰ɲ֣ܶҲøһ֤Լ˵αĻᣬȻǿɾԩˡ
ŷҹʲôһҧǻģǾˡ
ã˵ʲôҶԸǱĻᣬ̾ɱǡŷҹҲŵ
ðɣʡ۷Ҳûô˽ʻ
Ǹոյ⣬ʲôˣǲħŵĵӣŷҹʵ
ǡħţǴû˺ˡ۷ڳˡ
Ϊûʲô˰ɣŷҹЦ
Ҳԭɡ۷سˡ
ʲôõģŷҹʡ
ǸʥŮõģʥŮһּħŹǧ궼ûɹһʥŮһֻ֮һʱ䣬ѾСɣֻħŹ̫ԵȥûԵҩкͣܿͻȫľҲڼ֮ǰҪҵҩݣħ˸˵˼ҩǣ˵ֻ⼸ֶܰʥŮı֮ѹȥǰʱǵˣոպÿ־ݣԾʹˣû뵽ǰһ⡢⡢⡭Ҳĵرе߾֮ЩҲʲôǷ֮룬ǰŹͺá
ǺǣܺãʥŮʲô֣ʲôʱ⼫ԭģŷҹʡ
ֻħ˵ʥŮбҲ֪ʥŮֻмʱ䡣˻ش
ʲôֽʲô֪ŷҹʡ
Ǳħԥһ²ſڵ
ŷҹڼ﷭һ£ȷôһħŹ˼֮һóͿǧ⣬ҲʮģԭǺʺϡ
Ҳ㲻ʲôϡħŹֻ˵ϵȰɣħŵˣҲûмʲôõĹ˵ǵĹʧ׽Ҳòȥ
ҲǱħǿԸȥһˣǵʥŮô˳žݽŷҹȻҪᣬôܼǸħʥŮأֻҪһۣĪĻҲðĪߣҲҩʱҲʦָ㣬ܷõģлжֵĸҩҪãĻʹһȥɣϾǶħһ
ŷҹ˵Ѿſ˼˵Ľƣ۷ȴЩɣϾ˴ȥɲһС¶һСɽ̽ӣǵѶˣǲûа֮
ǳ֮䣬ŷҹ֣һֻ֮Ϣ˲۳һӣȥһŮˣòͷζЩŹ֣ȴǵĪŮʱӡ
ף˿ȥʥŮеưЩһ̾;
ţӦòһˣʥŮûдַΣӦһɺϰɡ
ŷҹҪľЧһ֪ǸʥŮҪҵĪˣȻ֪ΪʲôѩֿˣȻҵˣһҪȥ˵
ǿûУõı֮ʥŮõĿʲôһĵطŷҹʵ
ǿص㣬ոմҶֻſǸˣһϸȷǸǱħЧһģһģϢһ޶Ҳһħŵɣħŵǰû뵽ǰҲħˣոᣡ
޷һʼǣǲħŵĵӣǵĻҲøǶ˵ʲôŷҹ̧߰ͷ
ǣܵǰָһ£֮ңǰΪʵħҲһˡ˹ά
ħʲôΪŷҹﵹ΢΢עһ¡
ħȻǿˣҲܸҵһƬ֮أɽɱˡæħҲ˵ˣﲻǳÿɴ֮أȵʥŮ֮˫ʵ󾳣Ϳɵ۾ʱҪһأԼħǶԷϵĻɵ۵Ϊܿ԰ɽֵȷѪ꣬ðΪԼͳΣҲһͬġ
Ǻǣǵħ˺ŷҹţԷǻе鷳ֻܿ˵ˣɲ˵ɱɱģҵĪҲԸߵĻ뿪Ҳʲôܵ飬ҲסϾħ֮ںϵĻƶѾҪ˼ˣħʥŮ׼ʱװ
ڳﱸ֮УΪʥŮ˱ħȻڻûдɣȫı֮ҲһܽӽģǸħ˳ˣҲ޷˫ޣŪûħ˵Ǳ֮ɲġڸŷҹҲˣûʲôɵϾԷָ˴ܣܼðһħƭһСӣħҲżҵ־ݣȻҲʱ仹ˡ
ǺǣøһȥɣհʥŮǵħҲһ¡ŷҹЦ˵ʱħ˱ħħһɽҲܶһЩλҲˡ


633 ʥŮ
̫ˡҲʮָˣǱŷҹ˵Ըˣ֪ǰմǰһֱ֪ɽﻹǰˣһħˣǰǴ׽֮иոշ𣿡
Ǵ׽ġŷҹҲ˳Ļ˵ȥ
˵׽֮УҲħŵĸˣ԰ԼΪѹһֱɾٷɽ֮УҲԳɾһ۸û뵽첻һλܣǾޱȾ
Ŷ˭׽ģŷҹʵ
֪ģȻֻħˡ˵˵
ŷҹҲЦЦħѶգ۵ģڱ˵׽ﶼû˿Ԫʼ֮Ҫɶ̫ˣ˵ֱӾɾˡ
һҲҲûе飬һ·ħŵĲ֮ȥˡ
ҲЩ̫⣬ֱӾͰŷҹĲݵҲȥʵŷҹĹϣһ֪ħŵϢκ˶ỳħŵĵӡ
ֻҪħˣͲᱻɽʲôΣħŵΪɽ֮У½磬ħŵӲֻ࣬Žһ𣬲ŲᱻɽնɱɽҲںôħŵӣΪշħţȥ߷ħŵʲôġ
ǶԸħŵӾһ취ɱ
ֻҪħŵӣֱӳȥɱ˾ˣҲûм
ҲЩħŵȥԭΪɽͲںܷʲôຮ֮أҲûмɽ֮Ըųǵ֮
ħŵͷʱʱɽȻֶζʹãȻԸһΪˣɽҲûȥע⡣
Щ˵Ĵ·ŷҹܿ͵һٺõĶ֮Уһ֪ЩסʱѾˣеĶһӦȫҿȥЩطǺЩ˴
ǵħڻȥŷҹ֪ҪʥŮĻֻ²ôףҪȼǸħ˲С
ҲǺ飬ʥŮħ˵ԤӣǱĻħô⣬ֻп֮󣬲ſܰʥŮ
ħػ֮Уʱһ㶼˵ģʥŮӦûڣǲ֪һʥŮûҲûŷҹǳʥŮģ¾͸ŷҹǰϢһ°ɣʥŮڣǵʥŮĻҲãʥŮƢԿЩģһС˵ʲôǰ˵ĻǿɾͲˡ
ŷҹͷԭҲԼʥŮٸħñӣǵǸʥŮԼϾҲһ˵еĸ֣ʥŮģ԰ˣɲʲô顣
ȻҲûҪٶ֦ڣֻþصţ˭֪ȥԷԷȴѾܿˡ
˵һˣҲıħΪʲôҿһŷҹ̾ȫһݣĪֻǱǰŮӵøӱˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǸĹйϵٴǰԼʱҲֻǰԵһЩڵӡ
ߺʱĪһֱǳĬȴѾˣȻȲѩҲûô˵
˵֮䣬ĪѾ˽ڻȲŷҹ
һ£漴͵ʵǸˣΪƺҲˣ
ŷҹһ£ӶԷ۾ܸоԷһʶȫװģĲʶ
ļ䱻ӡˣŷҹԴ˲İ褵ļҲӡŽ⿪ģĪɽ֮Ҳ⵽ͬĴҲǣַ򵥣ҲݵģѶԷļӡ֮˿϶ͻȫǵģֻҪʱһʱԼߵˣԼˡ֮ʲô飬󶼻Щ˸Ϊ׼ȥԼǰʲôģĶΪЩߵ˶᲻ͣظӶõʶԼҲԼһЩһ顣
ȷ˵ħˣ϶ͻ˵ĪʥŮʥŮҲҪ޸ħģҲ˵ܿҪ֮ࡣ
ĪûԼļ䣬Ҳ޴ȥֱЩ٣ֻѡţΪǵñĶŷҹĻֻǹԹԵؼ޸ħΪ˫޵Ĺߡ
ŷҹҲȷĪǲǱƭˣȻԷǴ׽ģҲ֪ĪԼ⣬ɲԷ֮󣬻ϲһˡ
֪Īʮа˾ŶǱ˷ӡ˼䣬һУԼҪģԼԸĻǾͲٷӡļˡ
λؾʥŮɣȻ츳ˣΪѾ˽۷壬ҵʵʤһŷҹЦЦ
ĪʵȷѾǽ۷ˣһ½ֱΪĳԭ˵ˣ֮죬ͳɾ˽۷壬ٶŷҹȲˡ
ɴҲԿŷҹ츳õģѩ褺ĪǣҪãԵܶ࣬־ᶨĻ˵Ϊϲǵġ
Ҳˣ˵ѾùݣܿƱħĺ𣿡Īĵؿŷҹһۣǻ֮䣬ԼҲüͷƺԼô˵ЩԵĵط
Ƿù˾ݣЩӣһǵħٰ֮Ѿ˵һ°ɡŷҹҲգ֪ĪǱ˷ӡ˼֮ߵħˡ
ҪõĪ˫޶ɵãŻ²ߣֱӰӡ
ǱħҪ֮ĪѾ˶Է˫޵ˡ
ѾݸңȻ֪ôõġĪ˿ŷҹȰ棬ֱȥҪݡ
ǲУʱ򲻵ҵľûˣҿħ˻ưոݣһҪħٰ֮ݵ˵֮󣬲ܸãǲܵģʥŮǲҪ̫ļĵһ°ɡŷҹ˵
ߣǾֻħ˿ҾͲ𣿡Īŭ
ûô˵ֻ̫شʥŮҪΪңҲҩҶΪѣԺɽħŵӣǷģǱɢɽ֮еģ˭ͶħˣĻʥŮһĴ°ŷҹ˵
Ȼŷҹ˵òȴĪ߳ŭĸо
Ȼļȱʧܸо˶ħ̶ֲͬȵľη˶ħľηη壬ȴΪħˡ
ĪܾԼˣʱо겻ÿħҩ֮ͻõתҩЧҪȥʱֻ³ַꡣ


634 ֮Լ
ĪҲɵӣԸоԼ̫ҩˣûҩЩ鶼ܳŵùȥҲʼħҩЩʲôĸã͵͵˽°ЩҩûȫԵ
ΪķʱҲԼûа취Ƶġ
һŷҹ֮ǰ겻ʱ򣬶ʱȴ˵һ;ݵˣݳ˻᲻ħ˵ԼҲ֪ǱܵģΪҲħԸģҲһЩִ
ŷҹҲЩĪִǵûʮοĪһģȻҲԼҪݣħڵʱ
ĻĪļ䣬ֶһذա
ҲЩȻͰѾݸҵģҪħˣҲţڰѾݸңҪȿһѵ㻹Ҫⶫҳԣ˵ҪƳҩƶҳ֮󣬺ܱǵĿܣ
ܣʥŮˣٴĵҲˣŷҹæͣ˵ҲħŵӣǸոշɽûиѣҪħһ£Һ㣬ħ˵ΪʵɵؾܰҸɱôӵõأ
ħΪĻǰճ˵ɾǽ۷ҲӲؼǳֶŷҹãȥ˵㳣棬Ǹô򣬸ɱɱһģŷҹһǳȦ֮ˣ׽绹ɽ綼һġ
λֵܲý⣬ʥŮҲֻһ˵ѣð벻Ҫϡ˵ţһźɫ׵׳˽ȥӦþħˣҲһħˣλֵҩҲܼ뵽ħŵӣɽﻹĵʱǸӦӭУԼŽһµĻҪɽϾɱ𣿡
λؾħ˰ɣŷҹŶԷһۣո˵Ļ䶼˵ҵĿħʽ΢һɽֲߵĻҲ⼫ԭ֮ϣҶħţĺʥŮǴ͸Լ鷳ҪõʲôǾͲðЩգԼϢڸǵȥһӣ¸ܵõôڽɾΪֻҪСһҸСɣǲᱻ˷ֵģΪ뵽ԼħŵӣЩһ𣬲Żרܵ벻ʥŮ˶ңǡ
ŷҹ˵úίȻûѧݣһζҲ㹻˵ı츳ˡ
ħ˵ԽУĪԽ˲ɿΪԷǳħģҪĿɲһħİ֣ҪŪԼ˭Լ״ǰʲôЩĿǰħģħôõĴأ
㲻ҪɣѾ̽λСֵϵϢȷħŵĹɣֻҪħŵӣû˭Եģͷİɡħº͵Ī֮ıħҲͿҪˣλֵܰæǺ׵飬ͲҪٻˣ㻹ĵĻξǻ
Ī۽ǳ鴤һ£ƺʲôˣҲֻüͷ
λֵҲý⣬Ϊ֮ǰܹһЩˣЩܵˣԶЩ䱸֪㲻ẦҲͻˡħЦ
ȥħһ޺ˣŷҹȴһøжûСȻǲẦĪģ˵ʲôˣǲ֪ԼҲһĪļɣ֪ĻȻͲô˵ˡ
Ȼ⣬ݵķ˵򵥣˵ҲܸӣʥŮҪһԵĻǻ˵ԼԱ׼һ侲ңԪ֮ҩϣҲ΢ĵطǱܴ͵ģħ˺ʥŮܼ¡ŷҹɲǸħԼ·߸˵Īϣǿɾ鷳ˣħ滤ǵûʲôģֻҪӰ˹һжûʲôϵ֮ڣһʥŮϱ֮ɾǲȻĻħ˿԰նɱΣ
Ǻǣֵ˵ôŲ㣬Ǿôɣֵ֪մħŷҹ
ŷҹŷҹʵ˵ЩҲ֪ŷҹĸС
ŷҹʥŮ΢΢һ£۵ײزסɻ󣬲ΪǼ죬ȴûб˷֡
ҲŷҹҪ̽һµԭ򣬿ĪܲһӡеĻǻҲͷˡ
ħûע⵽Īı仯ŷҹôῴʱ̶עšĪӦ̾ףεҪһЩˡ
ǾͶлŷֵˡħŷҹ΢΢ͷֽʵ֪ڻȱʲôȱǲȱĻŷֵܾʥŮĺˣҲһ׮¡
ŷҹﰵЦһȲҪĪռΪɫĪħʣһﶼЩȲˡ
ãҲһԼҲܸذĪļһָˡ
ҲҪѳģǵо֣һʱҲ͸㶨ˣϾҹ޵еĽЩڽǰֱи¶
ҲҪʲôˣһЩҪĲҩҲһЩģóھͿʼĻ᲻ЩִˣʥŮҪȵһ𣿡ŷҹҲûбֵ̫ڼˣ˿
ҿͲˣʥŮҲǼˣϲΪС¶ʲôġħЦĪȥԷûʲôӦЦתŷҹǾ˵ˣһ׼ˣ̾ͿʼʥŮڵĺһֱҵһ󻼣κˣҲͺðĵرչˡ
ҪĪһչذɣŷҹЦûˣֻҪĪļָŶԷһȷѡ
ֻҪĪڽ۷ΪԼʵҪǴ´ࡣ𿴼ԭϵħҲ٣ЩнɾǿߣУôɾŷҹǵٶȶϣֻħһߣһθڤһսʱһ
ڤ£οһùħħҲ˵ֻҪӳԭķΧԷҲȥ׷ǣΪԷħˣǵ棬Ҫɽ׷ɱˣʱͲҹǶ֣Ȼȥʰôһ
֪ԭħ˱ԭҪȥŵĻҲҪ̾ǿˣ֮ŷҹԷҲӦ֪׾߳ġ
ǺðɣħһҪס֮ڣκ˶ܴǣݵ̲ܳһ⣬ҪһǳɣĻҩЧûУܻ߻ħǳءŷҹһѵ


635 ξ
ǵҪԤ룬һСģԷһˣǵײˣǿɾˡ
ʵĪ߳ԭò˶ʱͿԣôҪΪ˱һ˭Ҳ֪ħ᲻治ߣһֱţǶҪߵļƻҲһ谭
ܵȵħڵʱ֪뿪
Ƿģħˣûһɶý춴Υģһְħ˵
ŷҹȴ΢΢һ£Ҫǵһ侲ңԷȴһǶٱ½ƵĻȻǶԷѾŲԼˣ⵹е鷳
Ҳûб¶ʲô෴ְ൱⣬ֻĪԵЩ⣬һԸ⿪˵ӡ
ħԴҲ˽⣬ҲûȥߴٶԷֻǹһŷҹˣһһεĶ֮С
ŷҹһ֮£ʱȷŽƣħҲﶯʲôֽţĻҪʲô̾ͻᱻԷ֪֮УҲӵĵطȥֻҪƣ̾ͻᱨġ
ŷҹ̩Ȼ˽ȥĪԥһ£Ҳ⿴һۣҲ߽ȥȻħְⶴڴԷӡסκ˶һУ˳Ҳȥ
ǿߣ֮ǰҲŷҹԷʵҲֻһɾѣƵõĽƣһֻҪӡסǾһаˣŷҹĿģҲܲȥ
ŷҹ˽붴֮Ҳٲһؽƣ÷ֹ˵ĶԻᴫȥ
Ī˵Ҳûоţֻǿŷҹǰ
Ȱڵĺ˵ŷҹԷڵĺȷʴأôȥħɾҪһħˣ״̬һЩȻ𡣡
ŷҹѾóƶҲһ棬һ֮䣬ݽ˻ƶڣһ̽Уƶ΢΢תƬ̵ʱ䣬һŵҩѾΡ
ŷҹְǿŵҩУݸĪ˰ɣȻתıħǵһҪҪڵĺ֮ͬǰʴҲѳȥܻ̿һʹ࣬һʱ䣬ϣһ¡
ĪͷҲûȥʣΪʲô˵죬ͱһ죬ֻЩɻؿ˶Էһۣƺ벻ˣ
˵ҩ֮Ī̾͸оһŻ汻Լȥһ棬ܸоǿͨ͸ĵҩâ͸Ƥ͸˰Ƥͨ͸
֮ʹĪ˿ûиоܣ෴ֻǸеůůתħѾһ㱻͸ÿһѨԭѾЩٹ̵ı֮Ҳʱڻš
ĪЩϲܾöûĸо˵ǱħܸԼʵĻҲһУڣȴǴϲһָо
һʱԽԽĮԸһƺҲر仯ţĳŷҹһֶۣԷҲûţƺתһʲôԵķȴֻҩĻƶ
ȥҲе죬ֻ벻ʲôʱܰĪԼҲܰǰˡ
רתŷҹ𱸵ʱܷģ˱֮պǲġ
ĪæȥרĵתԼĹһȦһȦתţһ֮ãĪȵط֣ԼھȻһҲˡ
ⲢӰΪת֮䣬һ֮Ѹٵţת֮Ϳ԰ϪɱڵĻȴһûУһеĺֻ⡣
ˣĪϲؿԼơ
Ҫŷҹ˵һʱȴԷڱĿȻûٲʲô󣬵ǿȥԷ˯ǲ֪˼ʲô
֮ĪûȥŷҹԱ߾ؿ
ʱŷҹѾûαװӣĪʶĸоѾţ˾ħˡ
ΪħϣҲ˿ŷҹһϤĸоڵӡħӴʱģĪȴӦòʶģֻǱӡĳЩ
ŷҹһֵѹĪڿԼżæʵĺôˣûɾ
ţڿ𣿡ĪԸҲøǴǰһЩûٶŷҹôĵˣǲǼҵ𣿡
ҵȻѣǵĻҾͲˡŷҹͷ϶
ǡ˭ĪԻ˵
Īֻ׽һŮǺŷҹ򵥵ؽһ飬Ȼ⻹ĪʲôԷֻǸɻؿ
Щһ벻ʲô׽Ҳ֪ʲôʲôĪͷЩʹӡ
ģʱҲǰ׷ѵġŷҹһĪ￴ɣһǰ顣
һԾ˻ƶУ۵ʱȴһȫһˡ
Ƶ꣬ݣ̵꣬˵ӣŷҹûƶһħ
Īһ֮󣬿ʼǻججǲһ̾ǼʲôһʰŷһС
ŷҹһɨⱾξΪǰ׽һЩԭΪĪӡļ䣬õһħֶΣŷҹǿдƣΪһԷʵвֶ࣬ԼҲ̫ϤڽӡĹУ˵Ī壬Բһöֵİ취
ҪҲǿĪԼҲܼһЩûбӡʮּ̣ѵĻȻõˡ
һжúõģǵĪһ֮ĻȻ˸ı䣬û̫ı仯Ƿӣһξʱֵһģһ
Ϲæһ˺ġĪԹŽ
ŷҹͷһҲǵĹϵЩˣҪһأԼҪôĪ
ϴξʲô˵ģһûռݹĪ壬ԷƺѾעˡ
ǧǴǰһľ飬ҪͲˣŷҹš
ƫƫԸģһжһ汾ģŷҹߣҲûа취ȫһС
Ϊ˵Σ飬ŷҹҲֻܾһѣĪǱʶ£ԱŷҹҪռݸȨ
һβͬǣǴ˿ʼʱԺģŷҹѵġ
Īξģģʵġŷҹֻܰһжˣͼܰξ﻽ѣֻҪԷˣεҲͳɹˣҲϹǻɽħ춴


636 
ŷҹ˵һ飬ͿĪܲѹˣǶԷĬһ֮󣬾Ϳ۾ٴã
ͻȻ֮ĪһЦϹ˵ʲôæһ˿ҪŪһأٲæĻǾͲܳȥˡ
ɣⶼѲҵξӦûİŷҹҲƶˣ˵õξеĶԭˣֻҪĪ֮ûбȫʧǣӦú׾ܿôˡ
ֻҪѹξûʲô˵ˡ
ʲôξ㿴ǲǾúõ𣬴컹ΡĪͻȻЩشսŷҹһǲֺˣߣ֪ڸˣҰЩŪõĻء
ˣǹϴξǴһ֮˾͸øˣϴǻؾˣ˵ʲôˣĻĪûа취ټˡ
ٺúÿ벻ոɽħļӡξҪָŷҹŶԷ۾Ҫһݼ䣬úһ£ǵʱҲֻ࣬ξ죬㲻ܾĻǾͻ鷳ġ
ж鷳Īʡ
㲻ʶңʱͻǸħһ˫ޣ޸һԼˡŷҹ˵µʱ²ԼҪİɣ
Ҫܸ𣿡ĪͻȻʵ
ҪӡŷҹͻȻ֮ʶʲôѾ˴ǰǲǣ
ֻξ죬𣿡Ī
ǡŷҹҪ˵ʲôĪѾ촽ס
ξӦ˵˵ξǻʲôطŷҹĶ磬Ҳֻˡ
ҲߡĪŷҹĻز֪㰮ѩҪ˽죬ֻ𣿡
ɵˣⶼǲʵĶŷҹƿȻָ˼䣬ǾҪ뿪ܴħӳȥĻ˵ģ̾Ҫˡ
ӳȥôող˵𣿼޸һԼˣȻ޸һһĪŶԷҰֻӶʲôֱ𣿡
Ҳ˵ԺжϵģҲͱˡŷҹ˵վҪξ
ҵΣûҵҲߣĪͻȻ֣֮ռһ綼ķһûܵ谭
ʲôŷҹȵҪռ䶼ξһƬŷҹоЩĸо
Ҫ죬Ȼһһȥѩû£ңҰһҵĪִŵ
֪Ķŷҹϲ
ǣܰȫҲκãļҲӡˡĪŷҹļ䣬˵ʵڲʲôѵ飬ֻҪ㣬ͻɣ
Ķŷҹʵ
㻹ûдӦҡĪǿ
ҴӦ㣬˵ǲ۳ǣŷҹʵ
Ѿ֪𣿡Īȵؿŷҹ漴Ҳˣ԰ں˾ɽ֮󣬿϶뾡һа취Ϣôùأ֪ʼնѩҲףΪʲô褣ȴܸһ᣿
˵ɵˡŷҹĶԷͷȻ֪ΪʲôҪٶأһȥһˣѾǺίˣοѾֺαȥί
֪Ҳκȥ֣Ե뿪ʱ򣬸оɡĪŷҹǺҷҴˣѡĻԸҪ֮һҲʲôûǿȻ֪Ҳѩǲ⣬һҪ
ʲôҲ㡣ŷҹεص
ѩȥ㣬ҲԡĪǺܼᶨصѩԵõչˣҿԲҪ
ĪûбҪ㻹뷨ĻҲ֪ҪôȥˡŷҹҾ㻹ǰһãǸҾŮǻصһʱԵĻ
ϧѾزȥˡĪЦЦ
߰ɣҴӦ㣬ҵѩ֮ٸһξʱ䣬飬Ҫڸѩ֮ңΪҲŷҹ
áŷҹ֮ǣĪѾܺ˵ؾͬˡ
ߡŷҹ֮ͰıƳ
ĪıħȻľǲһԵеĻŷҹҲĪ屶սǽľĿ֮ˡ
ħŷҹµģξȴĪξ֮УŷҹȻԲһУڸղŵ£ĪͬĻûаξˣ෴ǸξˣŷҹĪ
仰˵ĪҪǸξŷҹǿʲôˣŷҹҲ˭˼أȻӵһеȨ
ҲǾħһ㣬Ǹ߳ԷΪ̫࣬ͺξѶԷξƿص̫ǴǰĪȻǷʲô˻ڵĪҲǽɾ۷ǿߣҪξƷŷҹĻǾ͹ǾԵҲܰŷҹˡ
ĪҲûǿӲŷҹ뷨Ȼ˴Ӵ֮Ҳܺƽദˡ
ص˶֮УŷҹһĪԷɫûʲôرĲŷξеһУӵʵ֮󣬻˶أԼĪһ·ɾЩˡ
ħ棬ⶴ֮ҲнƣҪʱ뿪ǲ̫ܰɣĪʵ
޷ֻڶΧ½ƣⶴ棬ȴûнƣǾʹ߰ɣȻһǻʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ӳɽˡŷҹЦЦ
ɽһ̣Ѿ뵽˰취ˣֻҪԷŪͭǽڣ뿪˵ͭǽڣҲһߡ
¼䣬ʲôܸŷҹͨȷǾŽһ֮ͨŷҹĽǼˡ
̫ҲһԷעɣĪ̾ŷҹ˼Ҫڴ
׽ǵΪ㹻ܷڶݵأɽǽҲһϰûˣɽ磬׽õĴǽݵһЧûУ仰˵ܶ׽ԺקɽͲʵ֣ΪĶġ
ҪһУֻдﵽɵ۾֮󣬲пˡ
ûϵֻҪһƽ磬Բκε𶯣ǷǲڵʱѾ뿪ԭˡŷҹЦһӲ˼磬һ͸ȥˡ
ҼǵǸħ˵⼫ԭɽһֱõĻͿԵõԭһԾֻǲ֪ǱʲôطΪǻԼϢġĪ


637 ħ·
ŶԭֺöǿûʱˣʱޣǲܾߵǸħҪѰˣԻҪҵѩ֮ǻĻúһǸŷҹ˵
ʵʲôģŷҹ˵Ҳûʲô˵ģŵۼˣһǸ־֪Ī϶żĺôۼȻƷʼߣҲδؾ͸ĪĹϣǱĪֱӳɾĻǶ˵ȻǱȵۼҪá
ŷҹ˵ۼǱǱҪǿٱˣǿ޿Դ
ţ߰ɣҪʲô𣿡Īʵ
ˣĹϢ̫һϢй¶ȥ˺ܾܿͻ֪һǾزҪԼϢάһȶ״̬֮¾ˣ뿪֮ķʱ򡣡ŷҹӦ
˵Ѿʼͨ˳Ӷ֮䣬ǼӲ׽ķܱȵɽʯͷ̾ͱնһһ飬ŷҹ֮Ƭ̼䣬һͨѾˡ
߰ɣֻİ취ˡŷҹҲЩΡ
ֻԼһ˵Ļ»ֱӾʹˣǸҲδؾκ˵ĻҲ֦ڡ
˶һԾ˻ƶȻٿŽɽڼһζεؿš
ɽҪһطŶ⣬ŷҹҲ԰һΰԭĵطˣ÷ɽڸָԭӣûչɽڣǰҪӼࡣ
¹һ֮ҲͲ̫鷳ķʽˣֱӰЩʯͷӵ˻ƶȻһ·ŵ·ǰȥ
Ȼõİ취нٶҲƽ·ֻ࣬һʱ䣬ŷҹѾӦĿռ䣬ҪɽΧˡ
ףҲн磬ǸħСİɽ֮⻹Žءŷҹ˿ȴǵȻЦ
ŲҪǣɽ֮ⶼŽ磬ֹȥ̽ġĪ˵
ǷǳǺǣпһҪ㵽ﲻСŷҹЦ
ƭĪôһѾ㹻ҪǸħһˣֻҪһĻǻǱˡ
ͨһƽѾһ϶ȴûа󶼸ƻֻ˲֮󣬻ƶѾǸ϶ﴩٿǸʱǵطѾָʲôҲûзһ
ôģĪȵ
ǽŵӣ𣿡ŷҹЦ
ţĽţòɽҲû֮ءĪǰ˵ҲӡҲȽģʱҲġ
Ͼʱǣ綼൱ľ룬οɽء
֮ⷽϢҲеöˣʧȥ˼䣬ǺעռŸϢȻҲ˵һЩŵ顣
Ǻǣ֮нŵ֮ءŷҹ˵
ĪҲһЦûлشʲô
һƿ֮̾ͳŻƶҲƵżԭ֮ɳ۶ȥ
ŷҹ˵һһʱ䣬ͻһֵΣգӳԭ֮ǸħҲ׷ˡ
ŷҹٶ˵뿪ԭҪ̫ʱ䣬ֻҪټȥӵʱ䣬Ѿ뿪ˡǾôӣȴЩȲһ
𣿱Ҵ㲻û뵽㾹ȻңǸߴһɫ׵ħˡ
֣ƭҵ飬ҾͲƽʲô㾹Ȼ˵Щ𣿷ӡҵļ䣬˵ʥŮ޷ǿħʣҸ˫ޣɾɵ۾𣿡Ī˿ΪֻؿŶԷƺָֻ˴ǰŪˣɷǲóѵģҸɷ֮䣬Ѿ˫޹ǿаҲһա
ʲôѾǡħֿĪһ˫۾ҲûƽҪѶԷԵһ⼸ЦҾȻһˣ㹰øҲգҾͰСɱˣһҲЩôȻ㲻ΪãǾΪȥɡ
㲻Ϊʵںܾ֮ǰѾҵɷˣҲרΪ˾ңϧ۾ãϲ˭Ī˿ŷҹ۾ֳһҪɱǣֻҲ̫һֻҪһ𣬱ħսͿٷ൱ڸʮλ۷սȷԼӮ𣿡
ħħһĪҲħŴУƭ飬ҵȷҪú㣬ҪɱǣֻҲûô򵥡ŷҹҲڵԣڶ֮ڴңȻûаɱ㣬ҲδɱңĪǲ֣ҲӵõֻҪ֣֮ǲݣ㻹ܷ뿪֮һʹҲ鷳Σ
ҵ鷳ֹЦţһԼЦ
ǺǣΪҲʸ񣿡ŷҹѿຣŵǿຣ״ӣ޹ɱ˿ຣŵĵӣǻôӣ״νĻ֮䲻ھһս
ຣţֵϳ鴤һ£ǺܿͷӦຣŻΪһССĵΪѣ״ôΪͿŵˣ˵ຣΪϲһຣŵĵˣ˵һ˶һ¡
´Ҳһ֪ŷҹҲЦȻ͸֪Լʲôλã֪ĻǾ;սΪҾͻ㣬֣˵ɱ㣬㻹ǿԼģ֮ǰ֮ѡôһεķʽſֻǲھѣҪΪʹС
Ǻǣ˵˵ʲôλáʵȴΪע⣬ħһҲʱղ̣ҲĬгһҵΪٽһ߳ʮԭȴǿຣţһֱ۴ѹĶѡ
㻹߳ԭŷҹЦ㲻߳һ·֮ڻңڣֻΪۿ㲻ѣһɾɵ۾ǿɾ۵ĴУǵʱĻʱ̶ʲôʱȡ֮ɣôɵ
㲻˵˵ħһɽĵλôܲȡɽ˴֮ǶǺԵ飬Ȼֲм˵
㲻ֻҪֵľͿˣΪΪʲôຣΪɵΪ۵ĿຣٳһʦŷҹŶԷຣŶɵ˳̶ȣʱĽʦɵ۾һħŵӣɵ۾Լл·


638 ħ
ֱһ˵ЩԣҪŷҹô˵ԼģΪһֱΪԼ˿ڣȴе˵ˡ
۶ڿຣŵĴѹЩǻῴħһɵ۾ǿ߶޶
˵ɵ۾ˣԼڵѾ˶Էעˡ
ҿΪӦɹʱҲɣŷҹǵȻʵ಻ʱ䡣
ֵƤһ£ΪСӲµʵ̫׼ˣͻʱ겻
ʱ䣬ɽ˵ƳɽﶼЩˣΪкܳʱĸ𣿵ȵ۳ǵľۻ֮̾ͻһδĸı䣬ʱ˵ֻǽ۷壬Ϊ˷ֹ䣬Ҳᱻȫɱŷҹ
㡭˵ʲôʲôĸıԼſں˵ɣЩš
ǲԼȥɣ˶ã۳Ǿһδᣬʱµʿ۳ǣΪһΪŮסŷҹ˵ţȴˡ
˵ЩҶѾ֪ЩħȴһϵҲûСƺЩͷ
ǺǣһϵҲû𣿡ŷҹʵ
һ׳Ϊʵ֮⣬ҪٱһЩĶѡ֮ţܸ֮Ů䣬Ҳ˭ܵõλŮķģֻɽȫûκοĹͣۿЩҪЩӮ۵ʶŷҹһ£˵ǻѡΪǵͻƿڣ£ûĸӺ˰ɣ
ôһ˵ħɫѿΪҹ˵òڵɽ磬Ͼûʲô⻼˵һЩĻ޷ǲǼ֮ʤЩ˭ʤˣ˭ˣӰ쵽۵ͳΣ£ôȥעأ
ຣ۹עһţɿຣűϾҲһڵɣҲ߽̬ȣҪȥǻǲ̫ܵġȥԵˣħʵˡ
ɽ籾ͲħӦþסĵطħǵħ磬ȻЩҲԼһֱȥҲħ磬ȴ޴ӳ룬ɽЩ˻Щ
ɽ֮ɱħŵӣǲȥƽ϶ԴģħŵӲûгľٶ׷ɱǺ顣
ͺйˣһ֮Уûʲôƻ飬ֻҪˣɱ㣬߰ץЩʲôǺҲȥ磬ΪѾĴûκֲ
£Щ뵱ŮʿǣǶҪԴҲҪ⼫ԭƽˡ
ȻħȫӰ첻۵ͳΣκݾͰﰡҲı䲻ԼħݣֻǳΪɽĴС
ôҲ뵽˵ʲô𣿡ŷҹЦʵ
ôƺûʲôϵɣЩЦؿŷҹЩ⣬ħҲѣҲֹɱ㣬ھҪˣҲٶ˵ʲô
һװŷҹҡͷǿຣŵӣҲΪݵһţħˣϾҪ⵽֣֮ŹͬĵˣȴһҪѸɱˣҵĳ޸Ҳ֪ǲȱ۶Ŀǰ飬ǲǵġ
˼һ£ĿЩؿŷҹ˼˵ҷŹ㣬а취۲ħţǺǣֻӦ𣿡
ҲãҲáŷҹ̯̯֣˵ô࣬㲻ΪŹôʱİɣҺҪһƾһССܰôڸ˵Щȫھѣ㲻ĻҲֻõʲôҲû˵ҵҲ뿴ôץȥģˣǰˣҲͨĽɾ
ߣǶͨĽɾΪܴҵ𣿡ֵİҲոյĹҲȥˣһֻŰǰɱ˵
ŷҹЦһͨȻУһ֮䣬һŶԷȥǿຣŵĿຣޱߡ
ֻŷҹóȴǸ˼ͳΪŷҹǰֻǿǷѣȻԼȥʽģҲ˿ຣŵ֮ȫܰຣޱ߸ѧټ֮ʽ̾˷츲صı仯
ǺǣôһСֶΣҪǰҲ̫ˡִЦսһն
ǽ̾ͱն룬мһĹ֣־վǹ֮Уһ̩ɽӡ
ѩ죡
ĪʱҲ֣֮кܿѩ׵ѩЩѩ䵽ʱͱһƬħЩӣҲΪѩƮ䣬Ӳһ˵ӡ
ħȻǺֻôһĻ޷κεҡħֿĪҿ㻹ҵߣһ㣬պһͳɽ磬Ҳ֮󣬲Сӵ߸ҫ
󣿡ŷҹҲ̲סҪЦˣһССŲոսʱ䣬ȻҪһͳɽ磬Ҳ˵ħڵʵôԼһССôȥһͳɽ磿ڵһָãܰɱˣȻ۵Σǲ֪֪η
һССʲôһССĽɾ۷壬ôʸҵǰšҲǴŭ
Էȫûи״ԼΪ֪ҪԼᣬЦ
ֻ֮䣬ѾԼЩӵļЩҲһЩΪ֪ص㣬ǱˣϷͻڲ֪֮䣬ĪߣΪԼãԴﵽĶ֣ǿԼʵЧ
һڶȺս֮ʱǳЧڵħԼ֮⣬Щ˿ɶܵסĪıѩᡣ
Ī㲻ҪˣûķϣҲ֣ѵһ£ǻкܶҪϲáŷҹ˶Ī˵
ԼСġĪ֪ŷҹһԴˣô˵ˣ϶Լİ취ˡ
ôĿ뿪бڹңҲʥŮ˻ȥħҲʮƣǰˣܿͿٴΪһһڼ¼ͰѱħɾòʥŮǶĺ¶ǰ˸ƻˣɣû˿ɾȵ㡣
ħӵ𣬴˷ӿʮɫħ˲͵õʲôӳһֵ忪ʼת֮Ѿ̫ĸߴٿŷҹǵʱ򣬾һڿϵһ
ԭǼħ񡣡ŷҹŶԷΪֻ׼𣿡


639 ̸
ħһЩʮ⣬ǰȼտԻһͬģǿͨĳԶħõǿ
Ըŷҹֽ۷ǲõģȻûһС˼ԼƽȵĶ֣˵ƽĶ֣ԲŻóħ
ǿ䵽ʱָоǰŷҹֻҪһ֮䣬ܽԷ𣬲ɵ𼸷ְȻ
ŷҹҲʲôɣǽյ飬㾹ȻƭͷǾ͹ֲҰɱ˵Ѿһն¡
޴ĵʱѵ϶նһ׵Ĺ⹵ֻŷҹķȥֻٶȿȻǻġ
ٶȻŷҹȴҲֻֻ֪һӾЧѣΪλõˣûеطɶˣֻܸԷӲƴһǡ
ͨѾѤĹʣӽ֮䣬һʺʵĹâ⽣ʺƮһ١
ת֮䣬ѾĹײһ𣬵ֵǣһȻû˿ʺ֮һ͸ħȥûȥԷǹֵ˼
ţħƺǲŷҹʲô˼ΧĿռѾˣԷҪȥ
ǻӦֵ뷨һۿǹ־͵ŷҹµʱһ͵˻ƶ֮УŻƶħ֮ķһ͸µĽ硣
⡭һۿ˻ƶϵħַ֮ħеģôŷҹһǱںϵһ֮ϣ
ɾħ֮Ҳô׾ʹ͸ɣٶһʱŷŷҹħ֮Ȼһԣ˫ݶ
һӵõħ֮ˣħҲǲģǸӢħսʿģһӢ䣬Ҳܵõԡ
֮ǰҹ˵Ҳħŵĵӣħŵôຣžһ𣬻ԼʥŮҲħŵӣôСӾһ
һʱ䣬Ҫ֣ͣŷҹôµ뷨ˣ˵ˡ
ŷҹһʱǵʺ֮ѾǰˣȻǱϾûħ֮û֮ٶȡ
𳤵һǰһû뵽ǣһĲʺ֮棬ȻⷨЩҪҲֹ
֮䣬֮ѾŽйڡ
ôҲ벻ԼõȻһɾԿ
벻ǣɾϣôôǿ򣿶ַǿԱŷҹʹõģʮֲ졣
õû𣿡ŷҹһ֮󣬻Ǽվ˵
㡭ֳܵҪٶֵʱŷҹѾٴοڡ
Ȱ㻹ǲҪˣոոõ򣬿һķΪô׾ѹɾʹˣ֮УǽŵĽ֮ϢЩ˵ʲôǡǡħû취һЩչˣĻǿȥϢһ±ȽϺãû㣬ĻΪǻܵӰġ
ֵ鴤һ£ػӰΪǻẦ£ϾŸոû̫ãһӱٴ䵽֮£ǿɾ浹˰˱Ӵùˡ
˵Ļܲڱ֮ǰٵħˣǿ˵׼ˡ
ŷҹĻһССĽɾô˵ԼıԴӶȥӰԼΪģ
ҲƭҡҪ˵ʲôڵİ˲ʽ֮ͻȻ֮ӿǱŷҹٿһڷ
ۡ
һѪ˳Ȼܲ˺
ֻһССĽѵѣúõϢֻҪͿԻָھ͸ֵĻ˵һ治Ķ֣ոܵˣòʱĵ˵ͻʲôʱһ£ڵ֮£ǲưոݵġŷҹŶԷЩ˵
ΪһСϷ𣿡ֵɫѾƽΪѾоڵİ˲ʽ֮ѾŸոյһѪ˲١
ֻһѪĻ˵ںκһʿᱻŵҶ֮ˣ˭ûܹˣѪʲô
һѪȻʲô㲻ΪֻһڶѰɣŷҹЦǲǸоڵĽ֮ˣΪǱǿѪȥˣôΪģǾڶְɣҿ㻹ܳŵ˶ã
ֵ۾΢΢һ£ѵʲôԼûв˺
Ҹ˵˰ɣ㻹ǵ⽣֮ô뵽ڵǷ֮ã֮׵ͻƵǲȻĻôôױ˸Ʒŷҹ˵ڻܸоǹɷ֮Ϊܱ֮һѪȥ
ˣ˵öģԼȷǺΣգһԼķҪöԾи˴ڸŷҹģȻ벻ʲôԭһɾӵ
ô˵֮ⷨŷҹãʵΪ֪Էз֮ҲöԷĽ֮͸ȥɲôƵġ
ֲŶԷôı£һ֮󣬻ܸôȴЩҶģһˣǿɾеҵĸоˡ
֮ͻȻŷӦ㲻ǿຣŵӣǸ˵֮УΪɵĽŵӲŶ԰ɣ
ԭҲ֪ţµúܶԡŷҹЦЦôϢ͸¶ȥԸңǺǣ̫ˣҲ㣬ûôţҲֻǹһ˶ѣߵţͲһˣཨôһţȻЩ˵Ϊ̫˵ҲѪôûˣ۰ɣ
ֱ¶һĨЦŷҹһ˵Ҳ̾ƺû뵽һƵġ
ţȷǸħһɽӦΪݵģո˵ҿԴӦ㣬һԸɽˣҪȰڵĽ֮ˡ֪Էǽŵ֮ħҲ̸С
һຣŵ״ӣŵӵݣȻ͸з֪࣬һЩĻҲֳӡ
ҪҺ𣿡ŷҹüëԣĿǰ̫ŵù㡣
Ҫʲôʱ򣿡ʵ
ɽħŵӲùȻľɽһ磬ʱʱ̶̿÷ͱţɽַ
ħţȻҪѵģǽŵĻǿ϶൱ȹ̣ΪǽţħŵӣԶᱻɽܵģǹͬԣҲŹͬĵˡ


640 Ů
ŷҹ˿֣ҸоѾʱ򡣡
⻰˵ѾˣŷҹѣΪʱ̶ܸŷҹҪʲôʱԼʵ֣ѹƵʱٸ̸
ҲЩˣŷҹڿȥǽ۷壬˭֪ʲôʱܵǾ꣬ĥġ
ǶԷǵҲһʵ⣬ո˻ƲӣöԷôͷ˶ᡰޡ֮ޣȻЩ̫ܵģҪȶԷоԼûв˲С
ʵϣҲǴһЩС⣬һаŷҹɱĻǺԥͻȥˣֻڶԷûи£ŻԷʵʵѣǺܺôɵġ
ģȺܾõģΪҽҪãŷҹǺһЦԵޱš
ȰڵĽ֮ܿ԰ɡȻŷҹ˵û£ǽŵĽ֮ҲţĽʦһݺµǿ߰ǽŵӣֵûаɣ
ҲǼȻЩӣȴҲʮЧ
Ǻǣ˵öԡŷҹҲЦţĽѣѾһٸ˵ֻҪϢһ죬ûκˣΪ㲻ֵûаɣ
ãԼļֱԷˡ
˵ŷҹѾһСҩƿһŵҩҲȻһؽһỤĵҩҩԲʧʲôʱһؽˣͿ԰ŵҩȥˣҪҪǿаһؽƸƵҩֻҪһҩԶػǲŵĻԼԿ¸ˣҵĸʱȻġ
ֿŶԷԾƶӰӶûһѾʧããʱ֮У΢΢üͷԼСƿӣŵӣȻǽúܣҪӽһ̫ܣպֻܽύΪˡ
۵ǸòҵģħʥŮǸŮ˫ޣΪȻôȥ붼ˣֻŷҹһΣѾ֪жѣĸΪеĻ˵ܲܽһѶԷɱˣҿ϶ԷһõĶˡ
һףƺŵӵĶ̵֣⣬ؼ˵ķʽԷڰ
ȥ۶ԸţҲһʿ˭Ҳ֪ȥħȴһصϣҲҪôһҪ
ǰЩ˶ˣֲã˵ЩҲħŵӣǶˣħž͸ûɽϣˡ
ʱȥ֮Сƿ֮ϵĽ֮Ȼɢְƿ򿪣һֻ沢ûʲôҩ裬ȴǵһֽдţħ˲õģѾûн֮ˣΪð˷ô
ҪǱСӸƭˣʱ͸ðСӸɱ˲Ŷԡ
ǻصǸʱǲᶯ֣ڵʱǸ˵ԼģΪ䲻𰡡
Է׼Ÿִ󵨵ķʽƭԼɻ˵ǵʱˣһܰҲδأ
ŵѾ㹻˵һЩϻԼϵ򣬶Է֮죬ЩȲϵĸоĶģ˭֪Է᲻Ūʲôǧٹֵֶ
Ҳ˰ɣȻǶһŵĵˣû̫Ȥ֪ĪǽŴ˵ӣ
治˵ϾĪħ̫ˡʱĻŷҹǰȸĪ˫ޣʱҲ˵Ǹǻ
һɾĴеѾԼôˣһǽɾҪԴˡ
ɽ༫ԭԶһ֮ǰΧ۷壬Ҳﻢ
ôҲŮȤһüëߴ£΢΢ֳ˪ѩɫŶԷȥ
һҲǵȻЦֿҲǱİɣŮһƺŮҲһƷǳϲĻǶߺˡ
Ŷ˴󷽣ͼˣ˼ص
ǺǣȻ֪ﻹһҩ֮ŮӣֻҪһĸŮΪУΣŶԷһԼ⡣
ԭҩ֮壬ֲ˿أӲȻֿصŮˣȻȥˡǺһЦҲǵ˱ˣʮˬ죬˵ʵҩ֮ˣŮҲֺͬһˣҾһŮ㣬аٰζһٳᡣ
ǺǣǾͶлˣҲ°ѶԷһŮҲԼŮū֮һ
λǽòɢ޶ѣҲûоɣ֪ΪʲôҪǵĶס֮Уؿ棬ȻҲ֪Щ˵⣬ֻҪһЩʱѡ
ɾѣǶԷЩֱһҲûС
ҺúŮ󷨸֣ﲼ취󣬲һֱʱҲûб˷֡
вˣŮȥ̽Ϣ˷٣̾͸ٵҩ֮Ҳ¶˳һʵЩˡ
֪ŷҹβӳȥĻɾֻ·һˡڶ֮ĵ˵
˵ֹһΣĵһɣǺͱຣŵӸɱˣҲ֪ǲġС˵
ȻҲǼ۲ŴϢ
ǾԲܵģŷҹı£ô׾ͱɱˣǲ֪ʱǸɱ֮ӹǶ˳ȥڶءȴǲΪȻʱܶĻɱˣοڣ˵ʲôຣŵӻɱɱ˿ຣŵӣðԷຣŻࡣ
ôһ˵ЩܡҲ֪ŷҹô׾ˣµֻҲֹ۰бѣȴû
ϧƶȻĻƾɾҲתķȻ򲻹ԱֶλһЩġҲЩź
ڵĺͲǸСӣѾʮӣٲȻѾǸŮĸòȴִ˼ֵƤҰԣǱŮ褶һ
Ů褣ǵӣ˿ı䣬ֻЩ˶˼ֳ
ŮͺʱŷҹƳƶǸɱ˵Ĺߣ⼸˶֮˾ںĴ֮£һȥŬ֮£Ҳɽ


641 һս
ҲΪҵܸıʱķĻԵʱǵΪǲôͻƵ
ŷҹ֮ǰǿҲû˿ȥǵ鷳ټֻһܶҲǸˣܷƽ˾ߵɽ
ϧɽ֮ǲŷ֣ԼΪʵ̫ˣǳɾɾҲûа취ﵽߣһСĿɾͱ˸ע⵽ˣûʲô
ǼŮӣò˫ǻƺɽеĴϲŮ壬褲ǺŮȴҲһҩ֮壬ȻѾû˵괦֮ʱǶ˵ȴ൱֮ģټǵòǼƷ֮еļƷôûǡ
Ҫ˵ˣǼ߳ɣҺֶϧ֮ˣǳҲС檶ѣǵӴ֮ǵǰ;Ҳ޿Ҫ֪ǴһССɣǸڵĻǿһ죬ԺҲĵˣӭӣŶ˵
Žƽ磬Ƕ˵Щ粢㹻ʵֻҪеʱ䣬Ϳ԰еĽƶƣֻ뿴ļŮӶĸԸ߳С檲Ż˼
Ȼǿа˴֮ϣʼնһЩȤ
˵⼸ŮӶǴ׽ģɽԭסŮӿɸǼƷˣҪ֪½ģ츳ѵˣܰЩŮӳշҲһ¡
λ֮𲻼٣ǽö˷ˣˡܴλ̧֣ҪΪǽãȻĻֻһˡ֣ص˴
ǴЦǵھǵǲҲǲܵģú̺˵Ļǻɽɣгһһɾǲܣǲǲʶ̧ٵĻְֻܳܳ˵ˡ
λ´´ȥΪһЦ𣿡Ҳ˵֮ȴΪǼССɺŮǲԴС
ǺǣԴС˫ΣӴЦɽ֮УֻῴʵǿһԴС磬ǼŮܸңҲǵ֪ΣҲֻĽ˵ǻˣֻҪǵɫ㵱ǾͻŹ𣿡
ŮҲ֪ЩΪʱҲûܹ۸ֻһε̫ӵϣûһֱҪˡ
λֻɾѣԸɾս֮еĽɾӮǷǽһˣĸԸ־ܣǾΣ˵
Ѿ뵽һʱİ취ˡ
ɾսɾôһ飬ܱɾֱҪõö࣬Ҳ뵽һ㡣
ԼӮˣԷŵãǲأҲһʱ䡣˵ӮˣҲ֤Ǽζܲһɾ򲻹Ļ¸κεķ£ֻһܲˡ
ʲôҪɾսɾĻǺȤӣʱȥ֣㿴Ů˵Σһԣ
ǺǣҿϵŮˣе˼սһ°ɡҲͬ
ãҪսĸˣһָЩǽɾǵΪ죬ҲָȥսǿԼɣʡ˵۸ˣֻҪܴκһͿΪӮһ
ãһΪ褿һ飬һָȥˡ
ָһ׳ȥȺһ˵ΪԲġ
ãûиᣬĻûκεʤ㣬ֻǻúܲңһǸˣ̾ЩʧЦˣ˲ǿҲǳֺ£ûйڣɻȥһսҪʤǲҪȻֿǻ۵ġ
ǡɻһһֻ۾ǶŶڴ褡
Ҳûгɣʹǽƽ֪߳ԷڵĻԼԷ־ܰˣҲûʲô塣
ְɣŮ˵ķϡɻм
һսʵûʲôԼǽɾǶԷֻһɾһһŮˣҪȳֵĻҲʵ̫ûˡ
ǾͶлˡ΢΢һЦöԷһ
ɲ֮䣬ıһǹһڣųɻɱȥ
ýɻҲǾһ£ΪɾΪԷ˵õ̾һϲǹ⣬һŶԷƽȥ
ʱķҲ˳һ޴Ͻ𴷣һ޴ޱ֮˲ŻõĶ
ɽ磬ǷҲ϶ǾԵġ
ɲô޴ֵʱ򣬳ɻٶ̾ƺҲܰⷨһ
ʱ̾չһֻ֮䣬Ȼһ˿˿Ŀռ֮
ףŮ˵Ȼر𣿡Ҳüͷƺʲô֮
ȥҲһ׾ƺרžΪ˶ԸɻġҲͷ
Ƕ֪ⲻ˵Ϊ˳ɻһǶԷŮˣܿƳɻŻѶѡΪ
ɻȻҲ󣬵ٶȴԷһȵģԷնʮҲδܳһС
Ȼ˳ɻһУֻ̾ͻᱻ֮ǰѾ˵óɻ˺褵ôһɻԼѹ·УҲҳУɱ֣ȻӮӮˣ֮϶ᱻˡ
ɻȻҲ뵽һ㣬Ҳ˿ţ΢΢һָ褵ʱһ֮ŶԷȥ
ϧҲ׼ˣһ֮䣬ԭֻһӰ֮ȻǰǵӰˡ
һȻܴ򵽶ֵϣóɻЩƣǾҲҰȫóǿҪ¶İ
һ֮Уǲ׵֮һһӰ褵ĽⶼϤѶԷĽճסҲûа취һ
ٽһ
Ȼճס޷ٳȡ˿ţͺһǹⶼһ֮ϣע˽֮Уһ͸Ȼ̴һɾ
ǹѾһѽΣ⴩͸֮䣬ʱǽɾҲѪעӿ
ȥɣɻ޿̣벻ԼһɾŮˣһսʵ̫ˣ־һǰ


642 ׷
ϡ
ѾȥǱһУбҲһ֮УѳأȻһѪ
嵹ɣȴһûͣ٣еĶϽˢһزڳɻϣһոһҪأϽҪ͸ˡ
ɼɻҲûսʵȻһ֮еȥҲ֪ܻܲ
һ㶣ȻҲû뵽ֽתףԷܴùɻȡɣ֪طɱҲԾ͹¶ԷֲЩɱûЩ˼֮һһɱɻ
ĽȷȻܴ͸ɻķҲ˶ѣǳɻй˼ɣһˡ˶Է֮󣬾Ȼһ֮öϽһǾɱǾȵĵط
½Ůӣֻ츳һѣսҲ൱ḻһпõĶһʼ֮ǰѾ뵽ҪôԸɻˡ
ģǳɻڸĽҲһġ
ɻˣȻѪɱϾܹվһʤˡ
λϣ֮ǰ˵ĻҪʳԣذɣǽü֮ڣͻ뿪˵
ǲٴȥˣһ˷֣ͻԽԽ˷֣˵ǱĽɻ֪ǵݣҲһǵġ
˵Ȼġһۣ֪ԼŮ˵ĵҲΪȻ˵֪滹ĸŮ˭ߣھͿԾˡ
˵ʲôһ
˵ֻҪеκһͿӮһǺЦֻһѣΪһɾǶ뿪ĻǿɾЩ˰ɣ
ۡһֱŵѪٴ
֪ԼˣˣܶԷ˵ʲôڶѾҪǸûдԼŵԼҲѾûս
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ǰ褷סλغһ˵ȻССĺŮǣҲֲǣƾֱ£ȻǲҸǵɷ֣Ǽ֤ŵֱڲɱǣ͵Ϊʲôɣ
Ŷ˵ǵɷһˣһһĸ֣ʵ
㲻һСС͸Ҷ֪½ɵ۾𣿡˵˵š
ɽѾм궼ûٲµɵ۾ˣΪǶĺ𣿡Ц
ôǲ֪ѡһΪԼĴоʲôԣҸұ֤ǰһǼ̾ͻ˵ǻһĳˣɱ⣬ǾưոݵģҺԻƺһģԸֻأҲҪޱߵ֮С
ЦҵǺ뿴ǸνɷʲôˣҲҪҵĽ£׿ڰԼŮ͸ƷҪǣʱ֪νɷʵһѣ걻ĶĸһŶԷЩŭص
ҵҲҪôҹǰ
Ϊͻأ»ˣǿһ
ʱŮ褣ȻһԾ˷׷ʧУԭ֮Уڶһֻ޴Ķ
ħ֮΢΢ȶ͵Ľɫâ
ɷ򣿱ϴǲǵ𣿡ֻ޴ķ˵
ⷨҲ֪ЩͷģȻһҲòôĴ󷨱˽гһۣһȷΪҲǸԼҸ̨¡
ǶԷΪĺܸߣǲ룬̾͸λ½ɵ۾ʩɣֻҪԷִӦҲ᲻ӣϾ֪߲Ҳк̨ˣһˣҲкܴǣ
Ҳ䣿ŷҹ˵֮ɱͨ졣
褱ˣʱѾŭˣôȻУǲԼһɱˣ
ǰֵһսֻǲҪԷϾ˵Ҳ滰ħźͽŶΪݵţ˱Źͬĵ˶һսڻսʱ
ԲŻѡһʼӽߣǸԷƴǺһöԷˣҲ㹻˵ûɱֻǲԼġ
ǰ˲һǾȻ褣һʱ̵Ļ褣ŮͺûһʲôõĽҪôԱҪôͻᱻû˵ĸϣӴ˹Ϸ˵
˵½ɵ۾ѵҸǼһ𣿡ҲЩţɵ۾¶ԷһʵǿҲóһˣȴһֱŲǺ뵽˿϶ʵǿԲ¶棬±ǸʶˣֻǼķš
ңͿҵĴƽɣŷҹ˵ţƶһ֮Ѿ
󾪣Ǹ˵ûʲôɵȥ٣һ÷סĶҲһʵǿ϶ܶԼɲСв
ƽѵֲ˭ҲĽ𣿡治м˵ţȴǰעߵ֮С
ȻӦԷľλãȴ֪Էûߣڵȴһɱʱ
ΣյĸӦɾҲܸӦһЩοѾˣΧûΣգǱܾܲ
˶ǵȴţܳʱ䣬˳ոǹΣյĸоȻҲصֱûˣҲκ͵Ϯǡ
ô£üͷѵСˣ
ߣһСѣټĻһҪСӸɱˣͷ֮ޣߣòײſôһҩ֮壬ȻСӸˡ
֣Һʩչһ£׷֮СӵûУϢĻҲȥץɽһˣȻŵ̶ֳȣҪúýѵһˡҲŭһӱǵõҲңϽȻңʵﲻ⡣
ҲãǾʩչһ׷֮СӵӵȥҲͬ
˵˸һӫƹһĶתţƬ̼˷ȥһ˲ʱʧ޾Ŀռ档
ͬʱ˵ǰһ޴ľһĶǿտҲòĽ
Сˣ꿴žϵľ󲻽΢΢ɻ


643 ɱ֮
ˣСӵܶ죬һ˲Խ׷ٵķΧҲЩϧӿϧǣǸҩʥŮˣôͲˡ
׷ϵĻʰŷҹΣҪõǸҩʥŮˡ
ֺγǿϧĸŮܵˣҸ˹ɫּƷһѵģһӶôܲҪŷҹɱء
СӣǽƱؾѾˣڻڲͬǸŮ˶ʲôʤһͰǶ̣ҲͲˡ
ǺǣΪô𣿡˼ѾջҪ뿪ʱͻȻһĳ
ʮϤǸոǸŷҹˣȻûߣ
ⲻҪҪһ˲ʱѾŷҹķλһ֣˲ͼʮؽ粼ȥһֻСӣҲٷɹ⼸ʮؽ磬ͬǿҪͻֲµĽ磬Ҳǲ̫ܵ顣
ǿȻʱ䶼̫ǱϾ֣һӵôܱӵˡ
һ˲ǾЩãˣΪǵĽ֮УʲôûУһļûз֡
ãͻȻһŴѸپźȥӦʲôΣա
ȻվλãͻȻһӱĽ⣬⽣ⲻһһǱصӰˣһƬ
ˮʱԶǼˮڵǿľһ棬ֲһͨ棬Ǳһ档
ŷҹһ˵ǰԼĽʩչ˼£Ǳűɱһ̬ʩչġ
磡̾ԼܲĽûá
ŷҹĽӰһѾڶԷĽ֮ڣͺǽǼٵһ
⡭ôܣﲻϵԼԼôܸһȷĴ𰸣ֻӾźãѡ
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ʱҲŷҹӣһ£ֶԷͲֻһͨĽɶѡ
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ٶЩʲôͿŷҹѾһֱ֮ͣǰδġ
⽣֮տֱͲһɾʩչĽ
ԣ⽣֮УΪʲô򣿡һ˲͸Ӧ⽣֮Уֻǽɷ򣬻һЩµ򣬶Щ֮ǿˣӦ֮󣬶һ֮С
һɾǿߣڽʤԼһڷ֮ҲԼʤˣ
ôܣôܣֻʣ⼸֡
ôܣԷĽǴ˹Ȼô޿ɵֵȻƥ
ǣĹͷҲûԥ£ĳ
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ƶǻƶķѾֻһλǵжһӣŷҹĽˣҲˣǸոһһŷҹٴβ֪صȥ
ӵĴ򷨿ʵ̫ˣԶ֪ŷҹԷȴʱ͵Ϯǡȥһմ
ǲҪɱˣٽһɣŷҹٴγ֣һβԶڳ
ֳһ̣Ѿ˳Ĳϡ
ۡ
һѪɽǳѪ
ûӦԼѪս˵ɾ֮󣬾ڽɾʱ򣬶û̶ֳȡ
ɶݵˣ˸ǵĻԼ֣ѾԷն⽴ˡ
أ˵ԼˣǶҵŷҹ̸ֺȥն⽴˵
֮Ѫȼճ飡
Ҳ֪Լ˲СӵĶ֣ȻһʱͰԼѪҺȼգҲ
ȼյĻǺܾܿͻᱻŷҹСһԼնûУʱҪȼնûеˣԼһܽȡһЩܰСӸɱãɱҲԴСѵɣ
һһɾʱܾȻҲѡ֮һɼʱѾû̫ĽˣǰŷҹһֲĶ֣һܸƽƽһܸһĶ֡
ֿɲֻҪô򵥣жԼҪضưոһ
죡
ȼ㹻ҲʩչԼһǽС
ʽһʱԼΪģ۵֮¯ըޱ߳ȵĻ汬
˰ѻûһΣԸָʽŷҹȥ涼ܴʽҲǷ֮ת˼µĽ
ŷҹЩ
ʱûֳƶһת֮Щ涼̵Ȼķ֮ǱǰһЩ򶼿ˡ
Ƭ֮䣬Щ涼ŷҹɵˡ
Ҳһ죡ŷҹڻƶ֮Цһ
ƶһ٣ӶڳǵصĻ֮ǰĻ滹ҪӰԵħ˾ŻںϹĻ棬ȡ˸ոǻķ֮˻֮ϡ
֮Уһ˾ˣһ̤꣬˾һԶƹܻÿһ̤£涼Ǳӳʲôһرš
Ƭ֮䣬ѾħŹס
Ĳҽ֮洫
ļŮЩɫûһȥͬˣΪŷҹüʱǼ˵Ҳãʱ͵ˮ֮ˡ
СӣҲûбˣң͵ɱ˶޾׷ɱɣڲҽ֮ʱʼвΪ֪Լٲ˵Ļ¾Ҳ˵ˡ
ŷҹβҪǱԣҪɱˣȻЩˣСӾôġ
ĻھħԼ
ɱˣ֪ûһɱ˵ˣŷҹͻȻԼûз֮ǰ⵽һɱ˵׷ɱڵһ򶼻Ǵ˵Ĺ֮ġ
ʶҸףһӷ
֪״ˣûмɵȻҲǱ˵ǿǧֹ
ԭԼˣǿֻһᣬһǸһ͵ʲôҲûзˡ̾˵ǡ
ŷҹܷŹǵĻ븸װСӸɱˣʱٰļŮ˶Ҳ٣


644 
ԭǸɱ˵Ķӣŷҹʵ
пŵĻȴһûмļ
˵ɱ˵Ķӣܷңһڸ׵ǰΪԼ䣬ʱҪɱ˵Ļֻһ仰飬ɱ˿Ҫ룬ȴܽĵط˵
ɱʲôطŷҹֻʡ
˵ʻܲܰϻˣһ̸ʱ
Ǳ߶̸ţΪǿԲˣҲһվſֻ֣ô˲֮󣬻ͣ棬ѵ˵Ϊߣܰѻ涼Ƶ¶˼ꣿǵȷԼ顣
֪˶Է뷨һԼƣžʹû뵽ǶԷᡣ
ɱֱƹܵһִ֯˴۵ϣɱ˿ɱˣӵеȨۺλɵ۾ǿ֮⣬Ǳ޷ģѵⶼ֪𣿡֣Է֪׵֣ӦҲ֪ɱ˲Ŷԣôֻ֪һأ
ԭ̫ϧˣҿɲǸɱˣΪҼɱˣ㸸׷ɱˣֻû뵽ôʱ䣬ɱ˵ĶӣȻ䵽ҵϣȥɣŷҹŻǰһˣֻ޴ֱ۰ѳסҲûа취ѳȥ
꾪һףԭԷԼ׵ĳߣֻ׷ɱѣ뵽½ˣ̾뵽ǽŵӣΪ˵ɱˣҲĸףͶӰһȥɱŵӴˣȴǸһַӵˣȻ˵Ǹ˵ɽ֮Ҳ޼ˣֻԲ֪˵
ڿ˵Ѿ˵ģǱСӸƭˣûһú󣬹ŶкüһĸǺŮһҩʥ壬СӣǸҪ
겻һĹͷΪ˱ŮŶϾðһ̹̹һ֮䣬ϵĻһӶϨ𲻼ǱջٵҲһӳɻɢȥǱħ˵òʶ꣬ȴʲôµķţһӾͽ˱һռ֮С
ŷҹҲ΢΢һСǸɱ˸ľֱĹͷǰסˡ
ŷҹǳһ壬ҲֻΪ䵽֮£ܲڽɾһҲǸ˶Էһ¾޴Ľѵɱɱպ˵ɡ
һתͷ֮䣬ǸҲһ֮ǰΪǴˣҲûȥܣڲ֪Է˰죬ûһɳ
ⲻǵùߵ֪ˣոճҲˣǻˣΪ϶ûˣɾĻ治˵
㻹Ҫ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ɱңǾûôסҲŶԷ˿ʾ
ֻܿһ֧ˣɢҲûŷҹ⡣
ҲûôѡŷҹȴػӦһ䣬һЩ⣬شаȥɣܰеⶼҾͷһ·
ô֪ܴܲұͲ֪飬ҲҪұһ𰸸𣿡ȴоʧš
ǱĻѻֻø졣ŷҹŶԷĲ֪͸˵㲻֪Ųţֻܿˡ
һ£ȫһƽԼԼ˵ǶǴԷֻҪɱģܷŹȴֲòһ£ôӵĻ֪Լмɰա
ΪԼ˶ԸһССĽɾǾǴ´飬˭뵽䵽˱˸вķݶϣ޳
ʱ֮ǰܵһǻҲĸɾˣҲûȥŷҹԿ
ŷҹһ·ûиڱɵ£޴սһˣҲһŷҹһ˵³ϾԷ֮ǰѾսһŶԷһҲûУĻǿɾ̫ˡ
ڲһõһԲȥԷսĻᣬܵķӦǵõᣬ֮ǰǱ״̬µĻܵȻҲɢɾˡûЩɾֻŷҹŹˡ
ǸɱһжˣЩ˶ʲôΪɱ˵ʵǿʲô̶ȣŷҹʵ
ɱֻ࣬дʮң󲿷ֶǽ۷壬ֻɱ۷壬ϵɵ֮µһˣһ⣬̾ʹػشˡ
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ҲǸ꣬ĸȻֻһɱ˵ʵȨ۳ܸ棬ֻ۳֮⣬СǵһҸҲ۷壬һʱ䣬ܿܳɾɵ۾ʱҲͲٵɼˡ˵
Ŷŷҹ˶Էһۣʵ֪һ֮ŮҪ׵飿
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˵ѩΪʵֻǿ¶Ҳ֪ĻǼٵģϾĪħʣ˾ѵķҲûдﵽ
ĻۣϾ۵ԴɲһССħܱȵġ
ŷҹֵǣľѩĻһ֪ݣǾͻ˾ǽŵӴ˵ӣô˾ĵشΪ
ѵͲԼһټѩԷָ˼䣬̾ͳĴ
ߣҪѩһʣԼٸߵʵҲҶֺ
ŷҹͷûпǸĽѩ֮ǰһûа취ȷ
ϵͿˡŷҹ˵һ䡣
һ£̰ϵһָ׸ŷҹȻͷҲص뿪ˡ
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ʱߵûʮСģǿŷҹû׷̰ٶʩչ˼ޣת֮Ѿʧˡ
ЩĽɾ֣ʼգûٸǳֵĻᣬһǶˣһӵñӻ졣
ŷҹҪ߰ǿǶ۸ءһۣЩ褽㣬˵ôأôҲҪɱˣ


645 һ
ŷҹҲ˵һ֮ڣԷ̾ͺת֮óһŵҩι£ͣ
ҲһǸ˵ҪһЩҸոնԸ꣬ҲȷЩˣҪǿֻҲֻЩˣΪʧһ£ȴǾɱԼʵҲ˴ɽһжҪС£Ҷˣǿɾûܻ˴ˡŷҹ̾˿
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ף԰ѩأҲֵ
Һѩǿзɽ֮̾⵽˺ܶΧʱҲǼԭϣֻЩҲһģҺѩֿڵѩӦǱץ۳۵ŮƵʱǶʩ˷ʧȥ˴ǰļ䣬ѩڻûлָĪԼ֪鶼˵˳
ף˵Ҳֻһ²⣬ΪҲûۼѩΪŮ
ֻΪļѩץ߲֮۳ͳһŮһǾȻѩˡ
ȻĻǻǿЩȥѩɣ̾ͷŭӣѩ۳Σգǿɾˡ
ȥĻƺûа취ѩȳġȴҡҡͷ
һȺΪߵҲŷҹŷҹһ۷ΪԸһ߿ԣʮأʮʵǿöأȥ͵ˡ
۳ȷǸƣ˵ģɵ۾ҲˣҪѩĿǰǲܵ顣ŷҹҲ˵۳Ǹ۵ŮףһȥҪԿຣŵӵݣȥμŮĶףлܼѩĴ㣬ԭǾȥһǼȻѾȷѩݣǻȰΪһЩɣȥĻֻǾָѩ䣬ҲѰۣܾܿΪҪѽŵӸΪ֪ѩҵĹϵұ¶Ļֻ¾Ҳ߲۳ˡ
ô죿Ҳǽʵ
Ůûʲôɽ֮һֱСŷҹһɽѾɲ٣˵ģҲֻһһˡ
ԭŵɾ֮ǵʵͻԷӳû뵽ﻹҪΣգҲǳǵ֮ˡ
ǻҪԼΪҿҲ۷ˣֻҪ㹻Դһ֮ɾҲǲܵ飬ٴһЩŽʱǽ۷壬ҲδؾǵĶ֣ңҲҪúһΪˡŷҹ뵽ľǵۼˡ
ǲԼΪȥȥ۳ʵûʤ㡣
ֻһ̽ѣֻܰѩߣȴһΪġ
㲻Ҫ̫ļˣ㲻Ҳ˵𣿾֮У˵ͷҪӭȢ۵ŮҲҪʱ䣬⼸㹻ʱţΪһʱļͳ嶯װ㻵Ȱ
֪ڻЩʱ䣬ץһĻδز۳ǵ֮ǰŷҹͷҲֻϢ֮󣬱ҪһѩȳҾǵҲ˵ѩˣ֮Ҫ黹ֻܶ࣬ǵһѣܱҵͺˡ
һ񽣣ŽһĲ治ࡣ
˲٣Ǻڻƶռ伫󣬴Ҷ˸ŷҹˡ
˼ұϾСޣﵱʼǲõġ
Щ˶ˣ褿һĪ뿪ķ򣺡ĪƺЩ̫ġ
ոս˼䣬еӦɡŷҹ˵
ѵΪ𣿡ʵ
Ұļ䣬ԸҲйϵˡŷҹ
ˣ˵ˣѵ㿴Īһֱϲ𣿡ʵȻҸĽӴ࣬Ҳһ۾ͿŮϲģôѩһ£ȥ㣿
Ҳֻûа취ˡŷҹ̯̯֣Ҳ֪ҵܲȥɣ
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һжѩҵ֮˵ɣЩ鶼ȥ⡣ŷҹ
ʵҲӱܶѣӦ֪褻˵˳ѩûϿĻͲԼһˣҸһѩģѩͬĻҲٶһ
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˭㿪Ц֪ҵģһ򶼲Цġ褰˶ԷһֻۣһˣȻŮͺҲֻˣٶࡣ
붼ûģҲ˳־Ƕѡŷҹæͣںǵȷð
ˣҲͣҲ㣬ҲͲɽˣĻҲҪʮſܵΪһɽ磬ǲǰȻŷѾ˼˰취Լڶ̶ʱ֮ڣ˷ľ磬ٿ㣬Ҳͷˡ΢΢ŷҹϣʵЩҲ˺ܶ࣬ѩܿ͸飬Ҳܿ͸ˣһŮܲѩһȥ㣬ûһоĻƺ̫Ӧˡ
ǺǣòôʲôõۣһжǵԺ˵ɣûҵѩ֮ǰһжԭӣǲǺܺ𣿡ŷҹ
ǡðɡҲ֪ѩŷҹʼնһģȥ̸ģȷǲʣѩ۳ǲΣհɣ
ӦòᣬȻǱץȥģҲֻһնѣҳ֮ǰնΣյĻôҳأһ첻ֵĻѩͻܰȫŷҹ˵
ǣֺαһҪȥμǸ׶أᱩ¶Լ𣿡Щĵص
۾ǺεȵΪǶԷȷŷҹǽŵӵĻֻǷַӾŷҹ޷֮ˡ
Ȼŷҹһ·ѹͬԽҲȫˣٳԿۿɲǱһô򵥣ʵ˵صĲ𣬶۳ﻹֻһɵ۾
£˭Ҳѱ˵Լһ·һûˡ
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ɽϲŵˣʵҲЩˡЦǣֻЩˣ˶дľΣյöˡ
İɣ֮󣬾۾Ҳûа취ҵݣֻҪ㲻ʩչŵľͲܱǷ֡ŷҹȴǵȻЦ


646 ֮
ɾ֮󣬾Ͳᱻɵ۾˿
褲֪ǲǣǣɾô
ɾҪɾĸһŬҲǽԵģûлԵɵ֮ӣҲδؾ˳ŷҹ˵ôף
Ȼŷҹһ·˳˳ˮ˭Ҳ֪֮һλþͣһͣͣǸ˵Ϊһͣڴ˵أҲд
ⶫǺ˵ģҲû˵ʲôΪ֪ô˵ŷҹᰴȥ
һ㣬ҲѩȥѧϰŷҹʲôӣӦȥ֧ȥϰ
˵ƾĶۣԼסʧȥ˼䣬ҲϣԼɷһ뾡һа취ȥȥжٵѡ
ԼɷһѾߣǻֵȥ
ʱǾͲҪȥ۳ˣúɣǶֻɾΪڽ˽ɾʱҲﲻҵæԻҸ׼õĵطúҷܹӰġŷҹ˵
ţ֪ûмҪȥΪһˣŷҹ˵ҲԣԼȥаա
ŷҹһ˶ħԨ֮Ԩ棬ѾѾշЩƷ󣬶ȥ֮䣬ѾͨĹ
褺ͺˣǿĿɿڴôӴĹֱͲһóġ
ǡĪҲǾȵ˵ɵ۾סĵط𣿡
ɣһɵ۾Ҳǽŵʦ֮أŷҹŮǰȥ֮ǰǰؼһǵۼۼǻˣʱ򣬾ʹＶȡԪʼ֮ͺˡ
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ӦòᣬĹЩرҲǱһҪá뵽ԼʣŷҹҲֻЦЦˣ˵ǲãǶ˽ľĹĻҪô죬ôǿʵֱǲܵ飬ٲĻͰǻǵĶˣΪһЩ֮صͻһЩˡ
ŮǵͷʱҲû˵ʲôĻһʼϥԼĹ
ǶǲصΪ溬ȫЩ֮ϢѹƵĻΪĽȻкܴĺôѹƲˣԼΪһֻ
֮ʵﵽһ̶֮󣬲ܴص⣬ȻĻҪǲܵ飬첻һܱˡ
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СӣõۼǵһˡһºȴҲԴϷʵЦ
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֪һжǻԵ֪ʦкָ㣬ڵӵƷۣҽŷҹ˵
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츳ֻһѣܰѽڸ㣬ȻĹ֮ôһ·ҽ֮ս˷Ⱥħҽʦ΢΢Ц˵ƷۣǴҪģۼɵţֻǲҪһѣҪţΪԳۡ
ŷҹһ£Ҳе˼ǿԼۣΪʱ̶в۵ĵλǽֻһ߶ѣǽȡ֮ʧȥ˽ŵˡ
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ȥıǡʦһЦʲѣȴǲҪȻҲܴҵĽ֮ˣԽΪۣţӦ˳Ȼһ죬۲ҪලǽҲûˡ


647 ʦ֮
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ŷҹԭòôһֻҪץܱ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ϣܰѽŵ׽ȥְѾŰ񽣻ٵܾ󻼣ԲŻ֮顣ʦ˵
ŷҹЦҺǲòȥϣŮҲȥѵؿټ޸ˣ
㵱ȻҪȥʦ˵˵ԼͺˣţĸǽŵԼԼ飬̸أ
ŷҹȻˣŵӣһűĶѣֻҪĲ䣬ʲôڼ
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ʦŷҹ̧ͷЦԷʵʦӦ֪İɣ
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ǸӾ˵֪ҾͲ㡣
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ڵУȡȥȡɡʦ˵
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Уȥȡȥ֪ǽŵӣֻҪȥȡҲᱻɽĵӸɱ˰ɣ
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һʦĺӿЦ𣿡ʦЦ
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ѽУǲζûõĻᡣʦֽ˵ŷҹȻѾЩˣϾǿۣھǵܸ۷һսòãҲȥս۵ģǿɵ֮еǿߣⶼеĻǽŲ
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ŵĽ˵Ǿһֻϣһ˸һɵ۾ŵӣǾ͵ǸԷһս׵ķɵ¶ۿ϶ȥҲ˵ŷҹĻˡ
ֻҪ۵ϷţõĻỹǺܴġ
ڿɵǴ򲻹һĽƽ磬ѾˣοڵΪˣ͸ˮһ
ħ֮İûʲôطܰס
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Ҳɵ۾ֻɵ۾µһʶѣ㵽λãѾǺܲˣ⻹ΪǴߣĻɵ۾Ҳδؾó㣬ɵ۾ʱͻˣ㵽ʱҲһЩϢֻĴĻٸĶʦ˵
֪ˡŷҹ˵ŷұ
תһ룬ŷұʵǸŷұӵǰĻһ˶ѣ˼ҵļ䶼ûиı䣬һòһˡ
ˣһʶٿһ棬ҵԸʦƺ׼뿪ˣҲŵøһЩŵվһܻصɽ磬Ͼս۵ʵҲҽһŷұһˡ
ʦ۾һһʶʱͿˡŷҹ˵
ʱŷ֣ԷһȻ棬ĥأƺûϢΪŵӣΪԼһŵʦ룬ΪȻЩ죬վǿԾԼһġ
Ǻǣŷұ˿ԷȴҡͷŵȴȻҪŽһ£վֻҪһڵ۾ͷϾͿԣ̫࣬ȴµĻˡ
˵ŷҹؿŶԷ
˼ǽֻҪһ˾ͿˣŰ񽣣վҪ϶ΪһѲǽ֮ͨ
ѽͨĽҲΨһһѽ񽣣
ѽеڶˣǽʦˣʲôǰͨҪ˭ִƣ
ǳ˵ڶնϵͷ񽣣᲻ỹеѣİѡ֮裬ǲ֮ңǽ֮ˡ
ҽšŷҹ˵ʲô
ŵĵôߵɱĵزĻǽžֻʣһӣҲܰȻɣ
˭ܱ֤Ӳģ
˵ˡʦȴָֹ̧һŷҹϵͨѾշѽͨѽˣҲȻҪͨĽĲУϧ¼֮ͨģ˶̰һ֮䣬㸲Ǿ֮ת֮Ȼ˾Ű񽣣˶ˣȴҲ㣬ٶ࣬ҲֻһвУңȴҪ֤ѽˣӵ֮ͨģһ㣬㲻ܣֻܣ
ҲܣҿŬȥŷҹеЩƺʲôõ齫Ҫ
ǺǣһǽһΪô԰⸺ĵӳеʦ΢΢ЦţǴĳԼһˣͿˣͨͨδýߣ֮ãߣ֮ɱ֮棬ڽģҲǵֺαôִأ
ҡŷҹȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ˣǹӣҪһʦ棬ЩʦЦҺܿ죬ұн飬еĹϵʵҲ˵Ӵ֮󣬽ûʦֻһִ֮ͨ˽ߣǽԴ֮󣬽ſյӣֻһһӡ
˵գʦͻȻƮ˶һٿ֮绯ɽһ㣬ͨУȻ˿
ͨ˿̸ȥеĹ⻪һͨͨķ֮
ŷҹͨһʱȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻǳ°ݡ


648 Ȼû
ŷҹ뿪ħԨ褼ҲûִȥǺҪһȥҲ֣ܳǿ԰ŷҹٿػƶˣڻƶ˵ҲżĺôŷҹȥĻҲһѡ
ҲûֹСѾͷϲصﵽ˻ƶϲĵطˡ
Ȼʱ䳤֮СѾͷ϶Ҫȥ͸͸ǶССĻƺ˵ƶõļˡ
ŷҹûٶ̾ǰຣţһк֮ȴǸϺͼһȥμ۳ǳ׵ĵӣһˡ
Ȼһİţຣűעţһֻŷҹһȥ˻˵ضĿǱȻһӾע⵽ӶŷҹСв
ɵʱһǻżຣԵ׵ĵӣȴΪຣûˣ˭Լ洫ӶѾֲ̫ˡ
ŷֵܣ֪мְܵõĽѩȴһ·ϸŷҹŽ
洫һͨܽύĻȻǲһеĻᡣ
ǰĻŷҹҪͨԷȥһѩĪ䣬ȴǲҪˣ˵£ŷҹҲû̫ܾΪԷĿ֮࣬˵ĵҲʲôթ֮ˣ˵Ҳǲٲǰһһ
ĽѩĻһ治̫Ȥ۳ǵľѡŷҹЦȻĽѩû̫˼Ϊ˼ѩϣѵҪΪ۵Ů
ǺǣȻȴ̫ãˣΪģҲֻѡЦһҲ֪ôģεĴϣ˵ЩɵΪ˼ҵĶ֡
˵ⳡǲΪҪӸΪԱ֮ѡߣŮѡҲδؾΪߵ˾ʤߣһлҪǸŮ۹⡣ŷҹЦ
˵ˣɽ֮УһжʵΪŮҲһʵǿԼɷ˵츳ЩϾǿģ˵òΪ֮òôǲôҪˣֻʵǲǿ󲻵õĶŮҲһƫʵǿѡ̾š
Ļֺα֮µȥμأԼȥѡͺˡŷҹЦ
ֻɵһѣôҶΪʵǿлΪŮɷ򣬴Ӵ֮һ죬Ҳû˭ܱȵϣԴĹƽʵ۳ɰܣʵϣ֮Уʵˣʤʵǿ˵ģ˵ûУνҲƭƭЩڻ˰ˡ̾Ϣ
ҲֻһһˣҾáŷҹȴǲ⣬ֲҪȢʲô۵Ůָֻѩļ䣬ʱʲôŮʲôݶҪѩȻ޷˵ظߣȻû룬Ǹúһ۳вٵĺö˵ԵʲôϡķĻǾͲˡ
ǺǡҲҡͷЦţŷֵһҪһѵ˼ûаҲǱİɣǲε˼ˣҲգҾŷֵܺúùһ䣬۳ǵķҵ˵ַĻԵˡ
ˣŷҹЦš
ħԨ֮ŷҹҲ˸ڵһЩ飬һ۾ܿеĹؼģҪԼıˡ
̸ȴûй˼˵ĸܣЩһڵ۶ϣԼܲȡһõĳɼܹĻǿʡС
ЩﲻٶຣﰲߣԵףǾǣҲ֪ŮɷǿǱʲôӷ⣬ҲֻǷ⣬ԺΪͱø˳˳ˮˣڿຣһԵףǿɾǿ̫ˡ
һʱ˶϶мϧԼ̫ˣôǰЩûŮʲôأ
һ·Ҳû̫Ļ˵ŷҹͰ˶ͷ羰Ϊ֮⣬˶ǻ£ҲСĵع۲ŷҹͰƺЩ˵Ĳͬڷֱ˵ݣǷ֪ʲô
ܿ۳ǾѾǰʱŷҹ˼û⵹úܶ˶Ƿ˾衣
ȻͬŲͬĵļһǲΪǾѡŮɷĶˣҲĵĻ϶ֶϾǶֻǰ벽ɣǽɾǲĻҪ⶷ӱǿЩ̫ˡ
Ҹɣ۳һжҪС£һˣǽɾ֣۳ҵΪصģǧҪ£˴鷳Ҳûа취ǣɲǿຣŵĵط϶š
ǶǵͷǣǿμӶģ£᲻鷳Ȳ˵˶ᣬ߸Լ۵㣬ʧȥȥǰʸǿɾЩֵˡ
һϵĴ֮£ڳ⽻˿ຣƣس˵⡣
ǶμӶףֻɾΪ˵֮Ϣʮֳ㣬ຣŻôĵӲμӣƾǵΪеĻҶҪμˡ
ŷҹﰵЦ۳ǻ۸ǰ˰һɾĿˣһΪ͵Ҳǰ벽ˣڶԷȻʵأɼ۳۳֮ˣøβˡ
ָ㣬ǿຣҪȥסޣҲֻǫԷš
˳ֻĴһңԷĿڴ֮С
Ҳǡͨˣ̾ͱú˵һֱߣıԷ֮󣬾ͿԸԷ˵ǵ⣬Ȼ˰ǵסޣ˵ڣʱȥ֪ͨǵġ
лæִ֣һıԷȥˡ
ıԷֻһСլԺѣʵȴڸ׽ùһĵطֻСԺſھһ󣬽֮Ŀռ˲׽ҲùݵĻǿҲ÷˿̫ˡ
˵֮ſڵҲǲشһŷҹһˣƺҲǲףεɾȻ֮ĵ⿴ȥ׵ģмҪ˶׵˼
۳ǣ˶ˣδؾкôǾܷġ
˵ĵ죬ŮĽѩ᲻ֶ˵ҪҲǶʵΰԸ
ຣᵹշֻ̫̫㣬λĻպһ¡
˵˵ÿȴһǾǽҲûбİ취ӣʵЩˡ
ŷ㾹ȻûͻȻ˾ȵ


649 һ
ŷҹ˶һתͷȥҲˣŷҹ̾ϳԷڵĳϴħԨʱѾˡ
ʱЩ˶ΪŷҹʱˣΪûпŷҹȥҲûпŷҹ빬Զ²ţΪŷҹܵɵ۹ķ֮󣬱ɵʬǶû¡
һŷҹȻվִȻǷǳ֮ģǣһӾˣħԨʱǳ˼ǧʲôջûеġ
͸ˣĶ׾ͷŹСӣҲ֪ŷҹǰҲǶ֣ʱô֣ǳϺŵӣûаСӸ£οһء
Ҳú£ԼǲУ˰ҲһŵӣһοɲսˣǱĽɫ
ŮףսҲҪμӵģΪԭȴûгУҲΪħԨһҰܣ˼ֶŷεĻᡣ
θһĴڣǿսһ֮еĴʦ֣ʱȥħԨʱ򣬴ڱչ֮Уû뵽һεĳȻһͻΪﵽһˡ
ϣþòһᰡŷҹҲЦŴ˸кһͨʶ֮Ŀ׻һ
һ᣿һᣡЦҵҪ㣬ħԨ֮Уôɵ۹˵ҿԶԴǰȻĻߡ
ϣ֪ʲôŷҿຣŵĵӣȻ洫ӣǸոţʲôð֮̾ǰԲ
δ۳ǣô˵ģʲô鶼ܲʵĻһǰ˵ȥģԵףҲ̫ˣȻԷҲ԰ĳְȨʱͻĲˡ
ߣϣҲħԨŷڸеӱ֮ʱʩ͵ϮһҪٵŵսΪǿɶ֮˵ӣǸຣǻҿͰʦŵĺãʡǻǿຣŵĴ󻼡Ͽǰ̾͸Ŀ˵
Ŷòǳһ£̾ؿŷҹŷȻ洫ӣǷҲΪղ˵飬֪ʲô˵ģ
ҵȻЩҪ˵һǹħԨ顣ŷҹЦЦִΪ͵ϮڵӣҪٵԷΪĻҪÿຣŰʦţҲ˵ҲˣҿҲҲǾʲôҲ˵˰ɣλҪô֡
챾Ҫŷҹ˵仰һŷҹô󵨵ذеζҲû˵ɲΪŷҹһ嶯ˣԷô˵϶ʲôġ
Ȼһ̾ôŷҹҲǸͷˣܱҸˣԷԼ˵ǵȻòˡ
ǰ鶼˵һԷһ˿֪ԵĻһϿຣţʱɾͲֻʦôˡв
𣿡ŷҹ˿һ¶ֻǿ˶Էһ۵˼˵еĶ˵ħԨĶ
һɲ̫˵˵֪˾̫ˣֻһˣǾ̫ˡ
㻹ûоã֮˵ɡŷҹת˶ԷһӰ
ôԼոջвԷȴǶԷ˼ӣ
վסŷߵĻ̾ʬ޴棡Ͽŵ
ŷҿ飬͸ϴһ°ɣдȵĻǿຣҲòάʲôҲһӦ飬ҵȷǲ˵ʲôġ̾ͰԼθ׵һɶ
ǺðɣȻҪǾˡŷҹְγаɣҿ⼸˶ٵУ۽
Цһȴ濴ȥֻǱ߱۾һˣ˿Ȼ۾Ŀɢһߵ֮
Ѿȵطˡ
˿ȥͲ󣬶ҲʲôĶ֮࣬;̫У϶о˾Ȳѡ
ŷҹҲǱһ
ŷҪΪ¾һţʤսҲֻǿһЩɵֶΣ潻սĻڵսҲܱǿ󡣡Ͽ˿ŷҹӣӵ˵һλҲ洫ӣͬʱҲǿɣ͸ֵܵˡ
սʦܣЩʧȥͻϣŷҹŵĵϣһүڸؤ˵
õǲǱɵֶΣɲֻϿˣʱǧһΧңҵֶΣɾԵù̫ˣɣ˵ʵЩˡŷҹȴǵ˵Ҫ֪ħԨܣȴֲ÷һسӣԾҪһ֣ҵͷַȲǣҲȰǻǲҪˡ
ҲǲǣǲǸҲ֪ʲôܣڵӵˣҽһҪһѵ˿˲˵
ŷһҪãҿຣź֮ĹϵһСĻҲ㡣˵ţΪԼΪŽڡ
λıԷãȴǲԣĶǿҪ⳥ġıԷһҪæǰȰ衣
ֻпຣŵĵӵĻǶԷͲ̬ˣǣڣǾ͵Сһˡ
˵һһɾǿߴĶŷ磬Ҳѱ𻵣ʱɾЩ˳Կͷˡ
֪ų֮̂ĵطȴʵ
ıԷԺ֮Уһ䳡ȴһĵطλҪսĻȥɡ˵
ֻ֮ŷҹһۣԼѾתȥˣѾǸ䳡ȥˡ
ŷܰˣֺηһͷȥҿຣҲûа취ٸദѵ
ȻóΪѣÿຣΪѡŷҹȴǵȻһЦҲˣֻҪǸħԨܣֻȴǲ˵˶ӵĵطǱȥˣȻǴҲֻҪӰȫĵطϢѣĴġ
˵ĻȻáҲǷĵ


650 ۵Ե
䳡˵ĵطôܣﱾһŷıȶ˵ҪĻڸԵ᷿ͿˣֺαΪִ֮ͥ¡
˵ԼͬŻ߼׽֮ˣĻ϶öԷԼʱߵģΪʱ˭Ҳұ֤Լʱʱž裬һߵģǿɾһʱը
ԼͬŵʱգοˣǻžϵģһлĻԷǲһûа취μӱԣҲǺ飬һ˼Ҿͻ˲ٵľߣ͸˼֡
䳡ϣһ˶ûУǰտúܡ
ʱ򣬴Ҷ񣬵ȴ״һչ֣˭ʱ˾Ӯ˻ˣܹԼľһ״ϿǻԿġ
ŷڸıĻһԷŹһٴ˵
ȷһõطһ˶ûУ˵Ҳٴȥ
ţҲѾҪ˵ˡҹ˵ҲҪԣĻҶǿຣŶûκεĺôôаٺһأ
áЦһ£ȻˣͰνɵ۹˵ɣұ֤պٲΪѡ
ʵҲûн뵽ɵ۹֮УĽˣôܻڵĽɾΪһɳ죬˵һʱûдﵽҲȵٴɵ۹ǸӰȫŷҹ٩٩̸ȥ˵ʵһ
Ŷüͷ𣬡ǶûпȥħԨôùǵ۾
һطʱԼһϢǵʶ֮Ҳҵҡҹƺƽ͵˵һ˵ûа취λ⣬ǵʱʦΥֻƴħԨһ֮̽ûа취УҲȻٸλΪѣֻ취ȥˡ
طɡȻ̫ţһԷ˵ط̾;˵òط֤ĻǼٵġ
ˡѴŷҹȻһЦ˵ЩֻǲλΪѣҾǣطԼܣǿຣŵͬŸҪҲδػˣǲҪ˵طʧڵ𣿡
ҿŷطʩչһ£ǸλҲĻ֤˵ģܵĻҲ١ȻŷҹûʲôøУҲؿطڡ
ҲãǾһ֮ܲҿĴڡȴǵһЦǰ
ϴεʱûŷҹ˵
ֻһѡ񡣡ɵ
ȻԷǲ׼ŷҹκε·ߣҪ֣ܶԷ˵滹Ǽ٣Ҫȸһѵ˵
ǺǣԭڻҪҵֵ˻ȥҲãǾǿҵĹû֮ҵҲǵһν֡ҹЦ
Ǹֲͦڤ֣ʱľԶ
ʱŷҹ£οڵŷҹԼˣôẦͬڵɣ
һƲʩչʱƻʢŷҹһӾвˡ
ŷҹһк̾Ͷ֣ûκεķԸһССĽɾȥ÷Ļʵ̫ӡ
˫ƻӶ֮䣬ЩŷҹûʱӵɢɣȴȻŷҹӰӡ
ŷҹⷨõȻǴƲô򵥣һ֮䣬Ѿ˻ƶûƶռ䣬ԼĿռ֮УҲҪܸħ֮ռٶȲС
ɵɫüΪѿһɾ֮ƲˣǻʲôȥμӶ᣿
ܶ˲ͬΪҪõŮķģȴԴû̫ĸдֻΪԼ½Ҫɽ֮Умܸ⡣
仰˵Ҫսһ¼ź֣Щһ¡
û뵽ûиЩŽ֣ոһɾɾĵһսȻЩ²̨ˡ
˶Ӧ⻹ô
Ȼһβ˵ҪŷҹôҲŷҹصپҪԼҲȻᱻԼһ˲䷢ֲɱ
ɻô˵ģɾͱԶˣֻǰѶԷһɾܣû˿壬ԷҪ֤Ǹ֮ģҲǾѾǳɹˣѾʧˡ
ʧܣЩܽܣɾ֮ĵһսڿʼʱûаε鵱һսֻҪϷŪһ¶ԷǸŵˣ˵˲ڵ½ŵս츳ˣһ£Ҳ֪ﲻ˭ŵġ
ҲԸõ֤һ£˭ĵһš
˭֪ôһСӣȻʧˣȻûа취ѶԷҳ
䡭
ɻƾʹܵĿռ䣬ѾˣΪ˭óԷûпŷҹֻҪеĽ䶼ǵһŷҹʲôط϶ᱻԷ
˼˶̿Ҳ֪ȻȴܺʹֻҪŷҹһжȫڲ˶һ˲䣬ͰѶԷˣͲˣ֪׼ȷλ֮Ŷ֣ԷҲ˵ʲô
ȻɶַʽܰѶԷƳЩ̫⣬Ҳֻ˵ˡ
ռһƬһƬţŷҹȴʼնûȴû˿Ĳ֪ԷҲһĵˣֻҪټһ£еĿռ䶼ըһ飬ŶԷֳ

һĿռͻȻһ£̾Ͷ֣Ҳһ˿ЦΪҪٳһʱ䣬û뵽ԷôͳŲסˣ˵Сӻǲ˲١
䡭
áϴһѾˣɵķѾ˹
һϱһɨУûа
⡭Ҳû뵽ֽ
ĵȷĵطҲҿ϶Ǿŷҹ֮أ˭뵽һӡȥʱŷҹȻʧˣٶ֮죬ЩӦ
⻹ģɲȥ룬Ļŷҹȷֲ̫ˣ˵սڶԷֵˣ¶ʲô׵顣
ϸûвʲô춯֪ǸͻȻһƾ˦˹˿ûл֮ʱЩŭ۵Եף۵Եװ


651 Ҫҩ
ϰⲻðһƣжίˣԵ׵ݱϾ˵ڵģɾ㲻˵۵ԵףôҲǿຣŵĳϰ
ѹڿຣͷϣҲຣųϰɣοһԵףԩԩ
ﻹûʱǸŷҹѾһϵԡ
û°ɣŷҹеʵ
ζһֵģɱһֱŷҹһԷ̾һֹȥһζˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôŷҹȥһϵ˲ʧˣžǾ޴Ĺ
ۡ
һ߶Ѫһ߶룬ôùľأðɣεĶڼ䣬ˡ
ư㲻ȫƣֻڣҲйܵˡ
֣ͣҲæͣ
Ķû˵ڵĶһ˱ϾǿຣŵĳϣҪǴˣǶڿຣ˵Ҳýο޹ʴ
ŷҹˣи˵ŷҹϸˣĶ˵ȥɱһ˼˵
ҴһɾСӣһûƶˣţ˭˭Դа
Ҳ֪ôһ¶ʲ
ͿǸСˣԼҲ㹻ˣȴǴ򲻵ԷϣζǸϣоǸŷҹеˡ
ŷҹǶԷһ΢Цصͷһ䣬ֵܣòҾǹġ
Ϻ֣ͣҲǴȥˣôľ͸鲻סˣ˶ҪŸŷҹ򶷵ĻᣬҪԿຣˡ
ʱŷҹҲѾٴγ֣һ߶˹ˣһ߶ϵ˵λǲҲˣҲ޹ǿຣŵĳϣȻֱӴҵϰɣұ֤㣬Ӵ֮ҿôɽˣ¾ǰҴҽҲ֣
ҰɣҲ֣ͲҪ㵹Ǵ򰡣
ŷҹǶλ֮󣬾ô˼
ȭͷҪһȭСӸûˣǲܰ
СӸɱˣѵҪѿຣŵĵӳ϶һȫɱˣ֮ຣŲȥ׷һʲô
֮ʱ򲻵һɾСӣͰԷĳϣ˼ڶԷֲܵ£ŰѶԷˣ
ȥҪ̶ֳȣɴһͷײˣ
۳һսģһȭҪǴȥĿԳˣǲҪ
ǵ״򲻴򣿡ŷҹˣǲ˵ĻȴְǵĳϣĺӣһȭҴĵ飬飬ֻҪ㲻ǴɾǾһ˵ȫ¶֪
㡭Ҳˡ
˵ӣ˵еڵ档
۸ຣûʲôɽ۸ຣǺģҾͲû۸ţ˵۸˶
¶ȥһЦһĴڣոճֵһţҪǰŵ˸ˣպΪ˵ɲһ顣
ףҲףԭΪ¶ֻҪһ£ʱȥŷҹ鷳Ҳܹȥˣ˭֪ŷҹȻʶôвǡ
ѿຣŵ˶ɱ⣬Ǿ͵˵⻰˵ҪѶԷɱ⣡
תһ룬¶аҪɱˣɾ͸ˡ
ɽɲֻһţĴŵ˵飬ҲֶӵΪ
ĽܿɣʹĨɱ
ȻҪĨɱţֻʦŵĻһԼٳ򣬸ԭô죿
ຣĽʦǽʦֵģڵĿຣҲôû䣬ŶŲˡ
˵Ҫɱ⣬Ǹ֮ļһɱõ
룬Էζܵٶȣڳɱ֣һܴõ˵ϣһСӲԼһ֣Լˣˡ
ŵӣ½ɱຣųϺ͵ӣƤ£һɾĵӸŪˣЦִˡ
Ҳ֪ڵɱ˭Ҳ¶ôŪģвຣСӵģô˶Էвˣ
һᡣһذŵûһЩʡöԷ˳ۣٲϸǺ̸ոǲһˣϲҪ֣һŵҩ˵ļƷ͸ˡ
̧֮Ѿһŵҩȥϴʱûˣŷҹֽ˹
˴ˣһŵҩҲҿһȻٸϵҩû¶ˣŷҹŵҩҲţŶԷ
Сӣ⻹ûûˣ
Ҫ쭣Ҳ֪¶ȥڵϻ᲻ÿҲˡ
ǲ֪Ҫôʣϱ
ҼǵϴΪҪΧɱңħԨ£Ĵţһһǧŷҹһ£ȻˣǾҲʱɣҾ͵¶ûз
㡭áڻͬˣͳһǧŷҹȥ
ŷҹӵ֣֮˳־ŻƶһףҲ֪ʲô﷨
أΧɱҿǻĿ飬Ҳֻյһ飬ôܾأŷҹʵ
úúá
úݰҧ
ǸҲ㲻ʲôֻ飬ֱӰļҵ׸ͿˣҲ֪ȥܱ֮ܲ
ǧ֣ŷҹӵ˻ƶȻص˵ͷٳϿһۣЩѯʵ˼ϣ㿴˼ô£۾ͱǼƽ˰ɣ
ۡ
ϺɱҪѪʲôô¶ǵʲô
ŷһҪ뾡һа취ǿۡ
Ҳû˵ʲôҲʲôٱʲôֱ̬һ˦ӾˡҲŷҹҪѿأҪʲôӦҲˡ
뵽һۣĿǧħԨʱҲǳĿ飬Ǹĸţأ⳥ָĿ飬ô¶㿴αֵģ˵Ҳǣû¶Ǹϸ
ۿ뿪ŷҹȴȰϣǲһʶô˰ɡ
ۡ
ҲѪˣǧ㲻Ҳˣôǿҩҳ˰ɣ˰
ŷҹȴ˿û־򣬻һ߶οŶԷϵģϾ᷿λʦֵܣȥҵˮȵˮкôⲻѪÿ鲼һ¡
ϸж˵Ҫ˵һ˵Ҫҩ


652 ݱ¶
ŷҹһ˰ͻַ᷿֮̾ԼķʱҲһЩԴЩЦؿŷҹ
ŷ֣֮϶СЦ֮ǰϸŪɵ񣬵û뵽ŷֵܶ˳ɣ洫ӣΪ³Ͼټ㣬϶ĻʱӦҲٸΪˣ㻹Щ֪֮ͣ䵽Щʲôģ
ǺǣЩһ仰˵ġŷҹֻǴ۵Ͽǲ˳ۣʲôȻˣȻҲһˡ
ŷֲ˵ǾˣҸոһϢ˵ζỹҪһ²ſʼΪŮڱչԼҿһ£֪Ҫжٵ鷳ֻŷһ£и׼ѡ
ŷҹҲףԷ϶֪ԼŵӣҲ⣺ַģЩ鶼һЩС£ˣȻһ˳еֻվ⿴־ͺá
ŷֵ˵ﻰֵ֮ȻЩᣬСҲΪ̫ʰһ£ҲǶãҰһֱҪύѣµĻȻ⣬ô˵ǾǿˡҳϣӽȷΪҼ˲ŵ˼ҲŷֵˣƱزΪһССĿ䣬Ϊǰ;ֹڴˣ;ⷽͷֻڻŷֵѵʸһ죬ŷֵܳɾɵۣ
˵̾ͰѹһЩۣʱҰûʸŷֵܵѣҲ޻˵ˣֻǲʶұɣȴŷֵܵо˵ʵǸϣҲͿֻǶԷϾһϣҾһ׼ңҲǲҶΣŷֵһ޸ɢޣȴԿֽкãǺǣô˵ѣǵˡ
ŶŷҹǶЩĿ࿴ˣ˵õҲ̹ϣ˿ûбܻԼ£֮⣬Ҳˣִ㣬˵Ҳ൱õģ֪ԼЩᱻ嵱ʹˡ
ɹǣ˼侹Ȼ۳˵Լпۣܵ˵ǲǹάЩˡ
ŷҹûе۵˼ǽͷϵĽͻȻ֮Լۣǲ´ء
˵ŷҹҲʲô۵ϣ׽һССĹ˾־ӪŪĻǻ֪ҪŪʲôأԼĽԼ֪һɽĻǿǰˣͷϵһѽȴһ顣
ϾѽǻģԵȥڣ˭Ҳܲš
ô˵ĻٲѣǾЩʶȤˡŷҹҲЦǸϵķ䷽һۣλֻһСӶѣţ۳鷳ˣӦҲ̫ˣϾϴħԨҲԹ˲СĿͷڵ飬ҲᱻһЩ֪˭Сһ
ǵǣһŷֵܸϣǿɾ͸ˡ첻޺Ц˵벻ڵĳҲбû˵ߵʱŷֵҲôĵһ˰ɡ
ǺǣЩҶ⣬֮ǰ˵ģǸŮչأ֪𣿡ŷҹʵ
ɲμӣŮ׵ģԼŵģûҪһõǸŮ˵ֻҪѩϢȥȿһǲ۳Ȼòˣܱµű֮ۺλɵ۵ǰȻøһЩ
ҵǲ̫ŷֵΪι⡣۾һѵҪȥ͵͵Ůһۣ
Ǻǡŷҹÿɷ
ĻǾͲˣȻ֪ŮĽѩʲôطչأҲ֪ǰĸʦȴһĻÿŷֵܵҪ󡣡첻޵ص
Ŷǰ׼Ҳ˲ٵ˼ŷҹ޵
һ·ͬеģ֮󣬰û뿪飬ȴڸոյ֮ʲôϢѾˣɼǱİ׼ڵЩٰЩϢͨһЩܵķݸ˰졣
ǰŷҹҪðڿԼ˵Ѿһæˡ
쿴ŷҹô˵̾ʹӴָóһ̯֮滭һŮ轣ͼ
ͼеŮӣһɴѩֻǿһ۾֪ǸŮŵȻɽװһüһۣŷҹϳѩɡ
ôԾ͸оŷҹ㡭ʶŮӣ
Ҳǲ²⣬ΪŮͼģɽòѾû˶⣬Ƕ˵ǵòǿɱŷҹȴڿĵһ̣¶ɫǾޣǻ
ֻжԼ˲ſֱ飬챾һڲ׽ˣ̾͵ó
ŷҹ˵ͷȻѾµһҵѣҲͲ㣬ˣʵҵӣֻҸʧɢ˶꣬۳ǣҲΪյϢһǲӣڿӦˡ
⡭㡭һʱЩ޴룬˵ˣǴ½ģҸŵһЩеĹϵĪǡ
ŷҹҲǾһ£û뵽Էص鶼õ˵¶ӦܲŶԡ
ǽһĴߣҲµĻԶһȻ¡ŷҹȻ
ŷҹǴ˵֮еŷҹθֱӾͽгŷҹʵ̫ˣ۳ǡ
ѹһЩԷʱԵЩţЩ˷ܣҲĵطԭǸɱŷ壬ȴΪŷɱ㣬֮ܵħԨװŷħצµ˰̫ˣ
ʲôҲ֪ŷҹӾˡ
ȻԼŵӵݶˣһССŷ壬ɱҲûʲôϵģ¶أԼŵӵҲһˣԷȻⶼ鵽ˣЩ˼
⵹Ҳ鵽ģͨһЩϢµġȴǺǺЦģǲģȻոѾ˵㵱ҰѣǾ;ûٳѵĵ֮ǰֻΪһû뵽㾹Ȼôݡ
ҲûʲôֻһµݶѡŷҹЦ
Ǻǣǿɲʲô£ֻǲ۰ɣЦú⣬ҲͲµЩŸຣ֮䣬²ûʲôԹȻϿຣһֱƲǴû˵ʦԿຣʲôһ޴ɵ㰡


653 ѩϢ
˵ǽʦĸຣдĻ˵ຣİѽʦ˱Ƶ·ߣǶԷǵһͻҪԼʦŸˣԵ꽣ʦʵв۳ڶɵۣҪսһຣţȴǴ´ģҿຣûôɵ۾ΪʲôƫƫĿຣţԼʵҪȥ۴ս˼䣬ţкܶԵɵģɴҾƶϳʦûİѿຣŵɳҡ
ӣǡ̫ˡŷҹҲò̾
˵֪Щʱ򣬶ЩţǶԷһЩϢƶϳһ˾Ųʮ˻̫ز¶ˡ
Ǻǣɽһֱڴ˵ʦΪͨ죬ȴǺܶ˵ĴУȴû˵ʦЩʮ飬۴սǺܶ˶֪ģ¶˴ҲܷһЩߣຣſҲ۵̽ӣһһ꣬ѿຣŪڵӣҲǿຣãڳһຣҲ뽣ʦڸٶԿ۵ӣÿຣŸӰȫشţȻʵȥһЩҲûеǿˣʵຣŵĸԶԶûбĽǻڣֻҪһʱǿຣűǰҪǿˡ
ŷҹԼʲôҲ˵Ѿܰе鶼ƶϳȻЩһ˵¾Ȼࡣ
ҵЩ棬˵黹ЩѰĻŷ£ô֪ģŷҹǵõʱʮָɾܱ֪İ
Щ֪ϢЩ˶ԼħЩ˱˽˷ħҲǻиӦģһӦûУǾ˵Щ˻ԼĿ֮µģûκε쳣͸ӹˡ
ǺǣʵҲ򵥡ȴǲһ¶ɵǣǸŷҲʶģȻʲôѣǶƢȴǺ˽⣬ҵõϢǣŷΪ˵õħ֮ףִҪȥĥԨҲпܵģϾǸ˸߰ǳ˲ܴħԨҴܣοڡɱˡŵ֮ĸǴ󾳵ǰ£ҲԭˣϢЩˣŷͬȥ֮УȻ˵Ϊ˱ǣ˺ڼħŷ˵ǿǾ޿ܵ顣
ֻһŷҹѾˡ
ԭˣһ̫ˡŷҹ̾˿
Ҳˣ⵹Ҹŷ֡ȴɫ˵ŷֵɱŷ壬ȥħԨ˼һЩðЩ˶ŪħԨ֮УǲŸףû뵽ŷֵ㾹Ȼ˺ڼħЩֻһ㣬һǶҲǴ￴ҪŷĻһˣΪڻЩҲԲҷΪǴˣȻҲӲŷҵ׷ɱΪЩӵȥϧҲԿŲʲôˣҸ֪һЩǰôġ
úúãʵҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣֻϣ²Ҫٶ༸ӣǶĻҿɾʹ粽ˡŷҹҲЦ
Ǻǣ¶༸ǵӣ˵ͻ˼ΪӵˣһվĶ档ȴŵûнԼֻ²ɽ֮ⶼĻôܸҵͷȣ
ŷҹЦţȴҲͬ˵
Ц֮󣬰ȴŷҹڼȻ֪Ůݣôҿ㲻ͳڻûпʼףȥҳܻļãһʱ޷ѣǰҲҪߣպ˵ǵȵ׵ʱµţɵҪ˵Ļɾ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪¡ŷҹʱѾ˲˽磬Ҳ͵ֻѩﶼ֪Ҳûа취
ͽɣ۳в˶ڴŮǾŴ˵ĻɡЦ
Ŷ֪ˣҲ鷳ŷҹʵ
Ǻǣڵʱ򣬴ҶƴҪ֪ŮһУһͶϲõķʽ֣Ҫ㾺˿ǲ٣֪࣬ǶҪˡŮףǸһȦףŵͶģ˵ĻģǶ벻۴˵ķ۰
˵ҲǣôһֻҪһϢǾƶϳѩλðɣҲҵھ߰ɡŷҹ
ææôҲҪЩ׼УûһҵĻ۳ôܴõϢأЦҲʵùˣ˵ע⣬ɳʮˣֱʮϢٰ֮ЩϢһʵҲˣȴǸͨ˴Ҫʮκ˵ĻɣǸã
ŷҹ̾һ˾ҺԼĶ֣ôһ֣ҲǺѲ顣
Ȼ˵鷳ϢҲֻòʱ䣬Ѿŷҹһȥˡ
˱Ϣ֪ȴ̫࣬ȥһ˵ĻҲŪһЩˡ
Ŷ֪ʲôϢŷҹʵ
˵Ľѩǽһ״ƽʩչ쳣ʥŮһʵⲻǽŵĽɣ
¶ˣŷҹľȻ
Ϣ˵ðѩᴩƽʲôϢ⽣ڵء
оǾ˵ĽѩԼһ׹ķ۶ޣȴǲܽе΢˵ͻȻʶʲôԣ⹦Ҳ㴫ڵİɣ
һɡŷҹЦһ¡
ѩҲЩ⣬ǽľ֮סţŵʥŮ֮󣬾ȻҲŵķԣһ˴˲ͻһĻֹܰںһ𣬲ѩڽľҲ˵϶Ҳ㲻϶ŷҹڵĶֻ˵츳ܸںˡ
һõϢ̾һ˵Դ۳ûϢһĶȰ趼û
ŶŷҹЩˣ⵹һֵϢѩǰҲôϲˡ
Ϣǲ֪ˣôҿͻֿܣһԼһʶĳЩʱ̻֪ԼǱãֵģƴһأĨɱļ䣬ȴһЩ󣬻˵ǹòͣԷĿհףͲлȥԼдǰһ顣
ŷҹͷӦǱȽ϶Եģѩļ϶ǱӡˣҪȫӡԼļ䣬Ҳһ׵飬ԻһЩ֮Ҳġ


654 ̫
Ȼ˲٣Ҳֻ˵һЩҪõϢһ֮ңȫǲġ
߰ɣȥ̽˵ĻӦû̽һЩȽϽӽϢˡŵ
νңŷҹһ֮ϵȷǲ죬Ǹѩص飬еԵԶڰ컹ǱȽεġ
ֻǶԷ˵ܿܵõȷеϢǿɾͲ̫ˡ
ۼȻҪѩǾͿ϶ѩصúúõģô׾ͱ˸ҵˣ۲Ͱ׷Ļ
Ǻǣŷֵܣⷽǹˣ˵ģȻ֣ҪҲܰеϢסκεϢô۳ϵأʱЩϢųģؼڣôֱЩϢ١Ц
ŷҹһȷˣԼһϢղĻȻͲ۳ǣ۳ǵһƳˣҲⷽйϵ
ԷΪԼûյϢԲŻʱһ£ڵĻ϶иԵѩϢһֱԼΪֹ
˵ţѾһͨ¥ĵط￴ȥһ¥ƣ֮̾ǰк˳Щʲô
ֵһƲˣžŷҹ£˱߳Ա˵һЩ޹ؽҪĻ
Ȼһ¥ͨ¥¥ϣȴһϢĵط۵Ϣһܴ̽ڣϢģǹŮ飬۸Ҳ൱ߵġ˵
Ŷ⵹ǲֻҪõõϢŷҹЦ۸Ǹġ
ŵۼˣ¼۸ߣ۵Ҳδ࣬Ͼۼɲ۾һҵģ꽣ʦҲ֪ǻ˶Ѫҵֶ
˵ǵۼˣصǿĶŷҹȴһ»𣬶Ķˡ
Ӧ˵ûֶˣ
ǺǣŷֵˣСǮһǸģܸŷֵܻôһǮ˵ĺ£ءЦ
⵹ЩάŷҹˣȻŷҹǽŵӣǱϾûʲôȨ˵ŷҹҲʲôʵȺˣڰ쿴ŷҹֻһɾѣԴŷҹҲ御ˡ
ŷҹҲûзʲôѵĻǮҲʲôҲöԷԿģȻʮ
ֻĻ̽ʲôϢ𣿡
ҲŷҹŰ죬ֻҪϢĻ֮ǰҲᶼһЩϢˡ
ǺǣһΣӦþͿԴʲôˡҲ׶Է˼Щŵ˵
˾ƹѲ֮󣬰Ѿˣ˰Լ¥
һȻҲʲô˼¥Ҳʲô˶Ӵģһ㣬ûһݵˣҲȥʲôϢҲҪ۳ĸɵ۵Ĺ֮ģֻҪ㹻ҲͿˡ
Ȼɽ۳ǣɸ׽Ҳһںֻѡ
󹦷֮˾Ѿ¥ϡ
Ϣּ֣͵ϢֻһҾܴ켶ϢҶһԡ
ŮϢȵϢԱȻ켶ɡ
֪λҪʲôϢһ᲻󣬿ȥмɫŮŷҹѯš
ʲôû˵ֻȴӽָֻȥǧҶʱɳڿС
Ůӿһۣ΢΢ЦλҪϢ֮ͨ¥ܾղЩңϾȻǵϢͨҲһ֪¼е飬һܴǵҪȻǲǮġ
ǺǣȻ֪ǿ϶ϢŻʵģǿ£ûϢҲջˡ󷽵
һõʮִҲż˧׽椶ĻҲ㹻ðٷ֮ʮŮֱˡ
ŮҲһ£Ƕ飬ȻҲǵһ֮䣬ЩҶյԼĴָʵλˣȻλǮһᾡشǵ⣬ҿλӳִ󷽣ûеϢҲһ𰸡
ŷҹҲǰͷǰҪľЧִ󷽣ǶԷԺż񣬹ȻһС
ǺܶģҲǽˣȻԼһ۳Щűˡ
ȻɽҲһʱ䣬ǶһЩ飬ϾǲԷϤټһڸõһЩϢĻǵǿ֪ٵĶ
ʱҪҵѩӦǿ߲ٵ·ˣȻһˣֻǵѩԼ֣ȻԼһȥվˡ
ؼǵʱѩûлָ䣬ǻһδ֪ûлָҲһ⣬۷ӡļ䣬϶Īô״򿪵ġ
֪Ů۳֮󣬶Щ˼档ʵ
ŮЩΪѵؿ˶ԷһۣǵϢҲᾫȷ˵ĳ̶ȣÿȥ¼ŮϢֻʮʱȫӣ۳ôֻҪͨ¥ˣûа취ﵽˡ
޷ϢҲôӡ֪һʵֻҪ֪Ůһʱ棬ЩӽӴ
Ϣǵ֪Ů̾ЦЦƺѾкܶʹˣŮ˼棬ۣҲֻĽѩÿ³صʱ򣬲Żڴһ棬ʱ䣬ŮڱչأҲ˵ƽֻһЩỤ̊Ͳ˳û
Ŷ˵һֱۼöǳ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ŮЩɻؿһŷҹ˵ŮԱ䣬һ㲻˵ۼҲкõɫԳһ˱չأΪΪҲǽ٣˵ѾЩϢ൱صģλӼȻ˴󷽣ͨ¥ҲСĵط͵Ǹλ͵ˡ
ǺǣǾͶлˣһҪ֪һ£һλɵ۾ǿ۳ǣʵ
ûСŮҡͷһ۳ﶼæŮ׵飬ԸûɵۣϾæµʱĴɵ֮֮ø۴ùϵɵ۱˶
ǺðɣһϢʵҪ֪ûһֹ֮󣬰Ѵǰ鶼ǣʱԽǾͻʧԽף
ֹŮԥһ£˵ֹȷУ˵ֻ̫һֱʧ˵ɽ֮أ˴ֹǾĶȴû֪


655 
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ŮһβˣŮйϵ𣿲ΪϢĹŹҲһЩԻǻش˵һŮˣûȥȷϡ
ãлˡꡣ
Ůӿǲʲô˹һԼȥ
߰ɣҾ˵ǻеϢġ
ŶŷҹҲץһЩʲôû˵ϾﲻԼĵط
صס֮˲˸磬۸ոյ⡣
ڱ͵ɽ֮أ̫ȥˡ϶
ֻϢҲûа취ȷɣŷҹ
ȷûа취ȷҲǰ˾ŲʮˡȻ˵Ůˣпľ̫ŹĪ⣬ҲֻĹܸ㽣ľںϵһ𣬿ĹѾֻ֮ǰ̵ĽľŷˣΪۻẦΪǿ֮󣬻ӡû뵽Ů츳֮ߣôͻٽһǾ۵ķӡҲֹǰ飬һ˴ǰ飬˵һĴܶԵɱ֣ĻֵֻĿҲͲܴˣֻ˶Σ£ļ䲻ɶֹͷ̫Īˡ
ŷҹһȻôһС£ƶϳô
ѩļָĻûа취ΪնһҵһȻҪġŷҹ˼ʵҲô鷳ѩΪӡˣҲһԹҹðôķգ
˵ǣҲûм츳ܴһ£ѾΪ֮壬ڷ֮᲻ȥٵɵʱ£ֲòȥҽΣֻǵѾŲסˡŷһκ֮󣬿츳ȻҪΪŮܰѶԷļһֱӡţȥĻȻһõѡ񣬿̫гɵĻǵȷǻǵĴǰǵһɶͳ۵ġ
Ҫȥһ֮ˡŷҹ̾˿
¶ǲģⲻҪȥһ£۳ûٿˡ
ȥȥŷֵΪаֻһɾȥԸ̫ĴˣҲ̫ðˣֻȡǿܵһ棬ȴõģ̫飬˵Ҳ˵ĻֻҪٴζ飬֮ǰĹ̾͸ˮȻܱҪһЩɡ
ô˵ȥٿɡŷҹҲûаܲѩָˣ۵ķӡ̫Ĺ˫ػ𰡣ʵڲУǴǰ˵ģҲҪȰ˵
ǺǣЩѶȣڿô׾ͰߵĻҲİ֮ˡֻҹ˵Ц
˷֮أһصĺð취Ϊ˭Ҳ뵽״ҪʼʱŮǶȴ֮ţ̫ټˣô۳ۿɣ
֪˶Է̫֮Ҳףѩûʲôֻ֪֮ᷢһֱֱȥ
Խͻϵ鿴ԽӵĮļҲᱻصԽ
Ǿʹ˸ˣǺڡŷҹŰһ˵
ôҪһȥ֮ؿɲǺôġü
飬ܲһðգҵٶȱҪһЩڸϹȥĻ뾭һˣԻһȥȽϺáŷҹЦЦ
ǺðɣдŷʲôĻ⴫ŷ磬ֻҪʮڶЧġݹȥһ
ǾͶлˡŷҹһ֮䣬Ѿ˻ƶһѾƿˡ
쿴һ۳ǰնɵ۽Ƶģһ˱˵ǴˣǷжǲܵġ
뿴۳شգǾ͵ʱ͵ϮۣȻͳ׽Ļʵ۲һЩ۶ʵǿߣ͵Ϯžһ·͵ϮˣҲӦһ·վǲֻģ۳ǵĽͲܷкʹա
ⲻһ򵥵벻ҲУΪ棬ڴƵģҪʱ򣬻ǿ˵Ǹˡ
ŷҹոյĴ֮УûиоκεԷһӰ죬ʮ˳Ѿˡ
ô£ŷҹܸߺŶ
һ·۳֮ŷҹǰٶȷӵ˼£·ҲδؾܸоĴڣܸӦЩӦʱҲѾɵòӰˡ
֮أֻʱ䣬ŷҹѾˡ
ԭȣûô䣬ǻɳܿɫ١
׽ôһƬɳĮǸͲһܹȥģٶװɳĮʧ˷֮󣬻ȱˮ֮Ƕܻ߳ȥ
ڵŷҹһҲģǰһɳĮҲ̫ţˡ
ɳĮɳĮûвŷҹĶ
û̫ˮԴ޵ʱҲŸָͬޡ
Щ󶼴ŶģһɾĶҧˣֻ²һӵʱ䣬ͻᶾ
ǿĶҲ˱ᣬȥǣǵˣҲһ鷳
ĶɲֻǷô򵥣ҪȻҲвİΣˡ
䡭
ŷҹƴһֻ޴İ˽ŹޣǶǰ˶Һɳ϶ʴһƬĺۼ˻յҪһɳʯο˵
ʱѾӽʱ䣬̧ͷȥɳĮ֮ϵϼҲʮ
ŷҹ̾˿Ҳ֪öûôؿһգѩߣǸöã
Ȼﶾ鲼ҲľֶſƣҵѩĻŷҹһɽǰһˡ
ǸֺۣαȥȻŶ˵һвԼ֣вģԼͻص׽ȥѩ褣СĪȻҲҪȥ
ٿ֮䣬ԶȻһʲôֵĹâ
ŷҹҲˣ֮أԭķΧҪڻûҵ̡
˵ҲǣĸߣҲϲֱضǶĳÿ춼Ҫţùȥ
뵽ֵ֪ѩô뵱ǾΪίǴжʶһȻǸˡ
һţһǱ߷ٶȥΪѾǵطʲôΪеʲô⿪


656 Ҫһ
б⿪
ŷҹһ߶Ƿȥһ߲֪Ҫһʲô
ı⣬֪˶󣬿ڶ˵ⶫǿпˡ
Ѿɵ۾۷嶼ǲõģҪĶʲôã
ǰѽŵϷһ񽣣Ļ˵Щã֮⣬ûʲôܴġ
ô˵ؿطбȥһ뷨бĻ֮ص̫鴫˲֪ܲԼȴǿԵȵ˳ء
ԷҲһִĴУԼĽ˵ҲȥֻĹԲͬҿܱ˴˵ĵҲ֪ͬԷҲһرܵηɽһֱΪ
ŷҹҪҵǣһر׵顣
ȫǸڵص֮ʱȴâѾʾˣֻǶڴһ޴ķ󣬰һжڸסˣֻһ󣬲ں֮󣬾Ϳ붴ȥˡ
ҪõıأֻԼȥ
ŷҹûжϲǣȻһмŮΧǸ󣬲ȳһǸ編󣬿ȴıسء
⼸ŮӵΪҲͣǽ۷ӣÿһݣȥͨһҲһɫŮ̫飬Ҳһɰ
ŷҹҲûʲôȤֻҪûѩϸһ֮£Щʧ
ⶼǴҪģֻҪҵЩˣ̫ɣҲ
ţҪҪԼȥһæȻԷ̫ĴɣԼȥæܲԷҲ飬̫ҲǱ飬ҪȻҲͲΪȫʧˡ
ⷨҪˣСģ
ŷҹţͻȻһæһΣȻԷܶԸˣȲҪˡ
ڹؼʱæ˶ԷΣѣȴûȥȡʲôص˼ǶԷ϶øк͸мǶԷϾҪõ˱ĶԼͻȻ֮ȥûᷨ˼ԷҲһкøУᾯ
䡭
Ȼһ֮ѾȻȥ
ŷҹһʧҪЩ׽ҪĻˣʵڲУֻĵظڶԷĺ棬Ǳ̫
ֻϣʱԼĻƶܴýȥһܲԷ֡
ǷˣҲһͲĶϾԷûԼԼóȻڶԷһŮˣһŮô˵Щ̫ˡ
Щͷʱ򣬾ǱǴУǷȻˣǴͻȻڳһֻ޴ޣͷȫҲۼױ鲼ƫƫͨС׽Ĵһ㣬ֻ˿Էдѱһ档
𡭡
ⶫǱʮֲһ̾Ļ档
Ǿ֮Ǳյˣҩûа취˿ϡ˴е
ҲҪܹģԷĻѾǵأһһķǶڽˡ
ЩɶһŮɽӣҲʮںԼòģǿԱ仯ǶԼıò˵˲ϵٶȣѿ˿ڣֻǶ˵Ҳ൱ܡ
ʱͻȻǵǰһһ˶Լһط
Ķ˷Ӧ֮󣬵һʱʵ
˶Ǵط֪Ķ
˼ոҿЩΣԾԳ֣Ѹλ뵽λҪ֡ŷҹĻûᣬƶһ֮䣬ѾЩ˶˽
˵ʲô֮
վհɣҲղƶˣɽһ棬Ҳһκε
֪ʲôˣһͷŮʵ̫ŵӣĪģû֮ؿɵʿ˭
¿ຣŵŷŷҹ˵£û뵽֮أҲҪһĶԲ˵أոտλ޶Щ࣬ų⡣
ոЩŮӸ޶ÿɲ࣬ЩǱˣִֻǣȻ˸ࡣ
ԭֻ࣬Ҳ˵Ǵ򲻹ҪЩ֮УԼĹ;͸Ĩɱ˲٣ⲻǾǵǰһСæ
ɫͰЩ˵ӸάˣȻЩ̫ˣҲǲϲӡ
ǶлԮˣҲķ֮оôܵˣǻȥ֮Ҳûа취ʦĪ˵
ðɣȻͷ͵ǰֻ޸շˣʡæһΡŷҹǺһЦ֮䣬ԷѾ˻ƶ
ʱϣֻڵúǱޡ
ոǼ˶ûа취ԸޣȻڶԷԼ˵֮ѾƷˣһӼŮӶŷҹЩĿ࿴ˡ
лĪҲû˵ĶǰֻĿȴǸڿȥ
ķֻƲģǵʵһ̨ףǿɲǶʱġŷҹҲ˿ǸڣҡҡͷԷЦ
ŮҲҡͷԷ˵òֻڷδȫƿʱ򣬾Ѿ˳صķ󣬱֮ǰƳһ֪Ҫ˶٣һ֪ǵʵƿġ
·֪᲻һ֮ǰһޣ˵ǸޣĻɱ˵ĶֻޣҲ㹻ɱһˡ
֪ŷܲܰƵĪĳһ£Ҫߣ֮ŷҹûǸ󣬡һЩ֮еĲƷŷܰæ򿪵Ļһм
Щˡŷҹ΢΢һüַҪƵĻҵʵôҲҪһʱŶԣһͨ˹ǻͿ԰쵽
ҪһĪĵ·ŷҹһֵǾȸˣԵضᱨ֮顣
Ůתˣһˮ
Ȼ̫šŷҹŵ̾һ浽ʲôô⣿
ֻŷҹǲںʲô֮ĻҲһѷɫĶĻҪȥΪ̫ŶȤĶһҪ֪һ²С
˵ھҪ̫ŽύģǸԷŪһ˵ĹϵҲʲôûǿ
ͰĶŪʱЩ˿϶뵽˭ʱҪԷύҪԷ𣬶ˡ
ţŷҹѾŻƶһ֮䣬Ǹ֮С
Ҫһ죿ǺǣҪȥͲӾܽȥ


657 ¶
ŷҹһ룬ķȻǵٿŻƶʱȴһ谭ûС
۳ʱʱնûκεͣΪͻƣõۼǵۼ֮Уɵ۷ġ
ַǵóģŷҹȻˣҲղԼʵ֮ȥڽʦһ˿ʶİ֮£Ҫ֮ⷨȴ׾ˡ
طֻһȽϸһ·ѣŷҹֻٵضţֻ󹦷򣬾Ѿ뵽ⱦڲ㡣
вٵػǸոЩŮǿĻȷҪģһǿޣʱǲ֪ǻ᲻
ʮطԼ˦ŷҹҲڸ֮̾࣬ӺʲôȻصôΣ
ţŷҹı΢΢һ£ƺŵһζ
ҩ㣬ûиоĻҩǱŷҹҩҪΪȻ˿˿ķ֮
ֻôһ£̾͸о˷ֶһһǶɵ۷򰡡
ǰҩȥֻ֮̾ܳɾɵ۾ˡ
ż飬ŷҹǰȥת˼֮ŷҹڿһʯҡ
ʯҵͷϿ֣š
ţ̫飿
ŷҹһӰϵһˡ
ոǼŮӻ˵ʲôһЩƷȫڿЦ̫Ķôܲڶţ
ɱĲ˵͹־óһ໥ģ˵޵аɣҲӦǲˡ
ʯҵʯǹŵģŷҹߵǰʱ򣬿ϻС֣дĺǶŵľ
̫֮飬֮鱦¼
ͷ仰һӰŷҹȤ˻̫ȥģֻ֪ûʲôɡ
Ϊ죬ΪˣΪߣ಻ɵã֮֮˵Ϊ֮;
ŷҹǺǺһ£λдֵˣӦǻһǻ߰˵̫֮鱦¼֮ɻһת˵ԼˣȴⱾͲ·˼˵ֻĶ鱦¼ɲ˵
Ȼ֪Ķ鱦¼ʲôӣǵ⼸仰ǿ鱦¼
Ҳϸһ£ܽ˵Ǹķš
ŷҹҲЩţ˵ϹŵʱЩʥҲֻ̫Ҳһ׵ȥ
ΪܶˣʵҪԡķţһСģ̤һԾٲˡ
ʯȻܰѹдŷҹҲˣ˼˵ҪţҪΪĵӣĵӣӦһ֮ˡ
Ҫֻ֪ҪַʯϣȻ֪ˡ
ŷҹɲΪʲôĵӣʯƮȴ쳣ˣĵҩǿɾŷҹҲġ
ʯһʯҲĻͰʯǿд򿪣ֶΣҲʲô
ոһʱʯ̾һƬ𶯡
ź¡һʯԶ߶ǶŷҹѾϿˡ
ŷҹЦһ£ӻԷǰԼҲĴ˰ɣЩŪˡ
ոţʯƮһɫߣ֮ߣη⣬ʦӣ鱦¼ֻԸճɾ
ŷҹһǽС֣ɵøпʯҵˣҲǸˣÆ°
ʯ￴ȥʱֻڵʮּ򵥣ֻһʯѾ˻ҳѾȥֻ꣬ûп˵ʬǣҲ֪Ķȥˡ
ֻϣڷһţӦþǶ鱦¼ˡ
ŷҹŹôȥȤѾǽŵĴˣɲȥʲô鱦¼
ȤֻϵһСƿӣ֮ǰǴСƿﴫġ
ŷҹһԼ²һûдƿҩǸ˽ɵ۾ɵ۷õġ
֮ǰЩȻ򵥣ǻɵ۾֮£ﵽ۷ʱ򣬾ͿƳҲ˵۷壬һҲֻҪ۷ҩ֮󣬳ɾɵ۾Ӧûʲôˡ
ŷҹƿ򿪣̷ĶǵҩһֱɫҺ壬Ө͸ɷǺÿ
ǡ˵е¶ŷҹһǶ̾ӡƺԼõĸļҲֻһʵġ
¶˳ɾɵ۾Ķ
ɵ۾֮ԳɾͣһҪֻ̫࣬׵һȻͨ˵ѵһܸıʵкܶ༴źܶҲܳɾɵ۵ˣǾΪɵ۷ˡ
۲ɵ۷򣬾ٶҲһɵ
ɵ۷ֶ򲻵Ҳﲻ
ϾôһֶȻܴ淨򣬵ȴԷ̵ĸܣһһεĸ֮£ֻҪ˲Ǳʯͷһһܳɾɵ۷ֻҪⷨɾˣҲܰʵȥ
¶˶ɵ۷֮ܵĶˡ
ŷҹⶫҲ֮Ͼ̫ѵˣǵõĻԼɾɵ۾Ҳ֪ҪʲôʱȻһɵ۷򣬿۳ǱϾԼģֻöѣҪԼʵﵽһЧͱҪԼ۳ɵ۷
ƿӲ󣬵ŷҹȴ֪Ҳżʮ¶ֵǵۼҲΪȻۼԴʵãȴǿ߸ҪĶȽ֮£¶Ҫ
Ҳ룬ŷҹȻȴ뿪˵ȻһǸ̫ŵˣ֪Ҫô˵ءڶ鱦¼Ҳ̫ʣȻһˣҲһɡ
Ǹ̫ˣͺúÿſڵְɣ˵ǻǸдġ
ŷҹһ·ٷ֮ʱ̫ŻûиǵڣҲټŷҹ˵ǽȥģԶԷҲûа·ϡ
ŷҹһ֮̾һ֮ΧϽ磬ԼУǸСƿ˳Сصһͷϡ
ˡ
ŷҹоԼжͻȻ֮䱻һµΣΧһУܹװףģѾһĺۼһ
ֶԼķһץˣǾͳɾԼĵ˵֮ɵ۲ˡ
ָо˴ŰСʱңŷҹʱ򣬾ȻЩøոյĸоˡ
ֵһһǸоøңǳˮһϵسŷҹǰֱ֪ԼȻһ


658 ̫
ŷҹѾо˵֮ԣѾʲôԪʼ֮֮Լͷţȴʼղܽ
ۿεҩЧҪʧˣŷҹһģֱӵһСڣʮεӡ
һӣŷҹЩҪʲô
ûа취ݵֹĸоܹ˵Ļֻ˵̫ˡ
һضҩһŷҹȻ֮վֽһӵ˼ӡһ֮Ҳ˵ĺӡ˿˿Ƶյڣ罭뺣ڳɾԼķ
ŷҹһȻɣΪȴû
ȻЩպ˵ŷҹѾҪٵˣһӶȼȼյӿ뵽ŷҹڣЩ֮һҲֲ˴
¡
һɫ۶ɣһ֮
ŷҹȴ˿壬ֻ̧ͷ΢΢һۣ֮䣬һӰ֣סһ䣬ɫѾޡ
׽٣ǰнˡ
ŷҹɾɵ۾ȻСˣ֮ǰ֮ȼɾɵһʱ䣬̫ƽⷨʱ
֮һյľɫƱ֪̾ʲô
֪ĸǰͻɵ۾ǿϲɺأĽѩ﹧ˡŮӵΪȻ۷塣
ŷҹҲٲԼΣ̾֡
һĪĵ̾ϳ⡭ⲻλŷŷ𣿡
ҡŷҹҲûмƽʲôֻǵЦոУû뵽һͻɵ۾Ҹ󱦵أʵԵúܰ
ŶĽѩ˵ŷҹ֮ǰһһӳɾɵۣ΢΢ţǹϲˣ̫֪ܷȥ̫һ
˵̫ţ´𣬽ңȻҪȥһֻҪĻҿܻҪ֮شϼߡŷҹ˵
ĿĵģҵˣŲء
ȻᣬɡĽѩ鿴ȥͲ󣬲ŷҹ۹⣬Ȼһ۾ͿԷ˵ҲмĹˡ
ĽѩոҪߣŷҹȴһָǸôҪ𣿲Ҿһ֮ɡ
ոҪ֣ĽѩȴæݣЩ飬ЩȥˣԶȻ˾̫˹͡
ǺǡŷҹһҲǿֻǸŶԷһȥ̫š
ǵصȻһصڣŷҹóⷨŲֻһɵ۾ļӳ֣Ӧ̫Ƽӳ
ŷҹڵҲҪƳ൱ѶȣҲ۷ʱڵɵ۷֮
˷֮Ľѩ鼴ȥ衣
һģһյĲˮͶ˵ŷҹǰ
ò衣Ľѩ֮ضеڤ޾תҶƵģ¼ÿҲֻ±ѣ֮֮壬νתڤޡ
Ŷ»ֺöŷҹȵҵҪúóһˡ
˵Ѳˮһ
һⱭ֮Ľѩ̾΢΢ЦӦ˰ɣҾ˸׼᷿
ŷҹòԺشӦš
Ľѩ״ӷ
ŷҹ͵᷿̾濴һۡ
ҪǿǵѩܻǱʱѾˡڤ޾תʲô¾綾ˣȻбĶˡ
Ҳû뵽ԷҲĳĴߣȻֶıһɵ۾
ŶԷĿĺʱȴѾ˶ŷҹæʲô
Ƭ֮һһϮµŮӴҴҽŷҹɵ֮ȴ΢΢üͷѵξȻһŮ𣿡
ŷҹͷһΪˣѩûдȻѾ궼ûˣһ;Բдġ
֮£һԾǰѩһæźȥԭûж˵̫ŵĿʲô
ҵĿģŷҹѾԷȫʶˣ֪Լ˭𣿡
ѩ΢΢һ£ȴֽ˵常˵ҽĽѩҵļƺһЩӡ󡭡˭
һǵңŷҹڵѾָ˴ǰ
㡭ƺһЩӡ󣬵벻ѩַһ¶ͷҵļƺǱ˷ӡˣȻûжͿ߰ɣ̫ţɵ۾ҲһܴﰲȻӵóȥϼεˣûһųȥġ
Ŷŷҹ΢΢һ۾̫Ҳһʱ⣬Ǿ˺ˣ¶Ϊʲô
ȻΪˡѩ̹Ȼ˵̫ţѾǴǰˣȻ常̫鷨ţǶɵˣȴǼΪݵġ
Ŷô˵ңҲΪ常Ըôˣŷҹʵ
ǵǡѩƺʧ˼䣬ȴȻôֻǿ̫˶ϣֻϧûֹֻ취ˡ
Ҫ𣿡ŷҹʵ
ʵֻ֪Լ˭ѩŷҹǸоԼһκҪļ䣬ȴһֱûа취ɾɵ۵ʵҪģֻҲףΪʲôΪɵ۵ʵȴֶܲΡ
˵˪ŷҹʵ
ƺǴҵϢѩɨŷҹò۳кܶ˴ҵϢ
㻹ûлشҵءŷҹʡ
ֻǿ㡭Ǻӡѩԥһµ
ǺǡŷҹЦһӡٲǱһᣬóһƿҩҺһƿ¶Ҫǰ飬԰ȥԸ𣿡
ѩɫ¶ɾͲôˣⶫȥһʲôĺô죿
ɵ۾ҪôĻͲӵõŷҹȻ׶ԷڵʲôȻ̫ţŶȥɷģǲҩ涯ʲôֽŵģһ£¶ɲʲôܴġ
ѩȻ΢΢һ̾͸о¶ĲͬȻ֪¶ʲôֻһѾ˵ˡ
ٿŷҹһۣſʵⶫҪôԣ
ֻҪһȥ֮Ҿ˵ʲôˡŷҹЦ
ѩͷǶԷĺȷǲֶΣ¶ҲǼĶҪȻЩһֱûа취ͻƵľ磬ҲΪ¶ɶļ
¶ӹȥҲ֪ⶫıԲ̫⣬һ˷ѣСصһΣŵ
ɲǼ䣬ѩ嶼ֽ͸âɢ
ʥȻŷҹ̾


659 ۷
ŷҹѩֻһ֮϶Ѿйâɢɵ۷Լǳʮ֮ųɾɵ۾ģԼʿǲúܰ
û취ЩΪҲˣ˭ĻԵأȷ˵ѩٺõʣûԼ¶Ҳһܳɾɵ۾ǻԵϱԼ̫ࡣ
Լʲȴһмʮ¶ƿӣ벻ɵ۶ܡ
ߣʺͻԵԣǺҪģǲֻһþͿԳɾ͵ġ
ܳɾɵߣ޲߶ܽˣŷҹԲģҲȻŷǷĻԵɾͣ԰ķֲġ
Ƭ֮ѩϵİ׹ʧŷҹҲ֪ǶԷҩʧĽ
Σŷҹʵ
ѩƺ򣬵ȴδĸоЩ˼ŷҹܷһǸ¶
ŷҹһЦǰȹˣҲ㡣
ѩ΢΢һ£Ѹٵذƿȴǵȥ
¶ȥѩͻȻ֮üͷʲôһ߲ʺɢҪɷ֮һ㡣
ѩûҲˣƫƫʱѩѾܲסؽ˳ʹɫ
ãŷҹԼǴˡ
ѩļ䱻ӡʱͻƣȻܰѼһûͻƵĹ֮УķӡдˣǻһΣյ顣
ͻƱǲܷĵģǼĳһ˵ѩǵ˵ǿ϶൱صģһǲܹأܳɾɵ۾һᱬ
ûֽѩʶܵ˲ɻָ˺Ҳŷҹ뿴ġ
ѩҪ£ŷҹ֪ԼʱóȻ֣һѩӷҡ
ѩڻ֮УŷҹĻȫԼȶǲУеļһһֵʴͻ֮ʱɵ۵ķײһ
ŷҹЩɵ۷ɵң㲻ҪҲẦ㡣ŷҹҲľٲֻ֣ѩﱻĥˡ
ŷҹѩʹı֮Уƺǳһ˿ɶȻĻһڳš
סǲẦġŷҹֶ̽룬ƶҲȫ
һΣҪѩںɵ۷ȴҪЩ򶼸ɵĥҲﵷǿ
ֻɵ۷̫٣ͻƾ磬ŷҹȴɵ۷̫࣬ѩվͻƵıԵ
һɵ۷򶼱ɶȥѩǻҵ״̬ҲõһЩ⣬ŷҹܸоõķӡĽ⿪ѩҲػָš
ʲô˸Ҷ۲µķӡͻȻһϰԵƾճ֣ͬʱһӰѩʶ֮з
۲·ӡһ˿ʶ֮˿̸оǷӡ̾ͻƵԲŻᱻ
ߣһҪ鷳һЩֻһʶĻ㶼ˣεŵӴˣŷҹȻ
ѩʱΪӡʶɳҲѾ˹ȥ
Сӣ㾹Ȼ֮Ѿɾɵ۾ǽŵΪָǾͿ𣿡ҲͬЦ̫ŹˣҲȻܸϣǸߣǱ̫鹦Ӵֻ֮һ˶ѣˣֻʮΪԶ㣿
ȴòĵˣȥɣŷҹ֮䣬֮һסǵʶ˻ƶ
㾹ȻҪʶۣ֮Ǹ֮ʶ֮ŭţȴ޷ֹŷҹһʶƽ֮С
һʶ֮ŷҹҲ΢΢һ£ò˵ո˵⣬ҲԵģѩ̫ŵĹĻˡ
ҲţѩˣҲȫ֮ǰѩд󲿷ֶıԣҲ˵ֻǰļӡˣȴûа취ııԣ̫鹦ǽҲˡ
̫飬ԼһںԼķ
Ǵֻڵ̫ţֻ¶Ѿڴ̫Ĺˡ
ŷҹѩϣ̽ȥֶԷĺҲʮƽҲûʲô󰭡
ҪôѩЩָʱȴѾˣȴǸ̫ŵĽѩ顣
ԷƺΪŷҹѾˣԽʱû˿ķǰһĻȴˡ
ֻǶһ֮̾ͲȻŭ̫žǿຣŵɵ۾ǿߣȴû뵽㾹ȻȻ̫ûɵ۾Ҳҵĵӣŷɣ
һ̫šŷҹȴǿ˿˵̫ţȻҪöҩңȴ֪ɵ۾ô׵ĵѩӣȻҪߣʹ˷뿪ҾͲƽϣϾһжвȣҲΣûжѩķϣҾͲ̫ŵ飬ƵĻǾ˵Ҫһѵˡ
㾹ȻûжĽѩ龪ȵ
Ϊŷҹ϶жŻôаգΪۿŷҹǶҩȥģûжĻһôŷҹĶ֣
ڿеˣŷҹûжõúء
Ѿ˵ˣѩ뿪Ҳȥƽ̫ŵĹʧŷҹȻ˵Уѩ˶̫鷨ţ
ȴǲ֪Ľѩԥһ˵
Ҳɵӣ֪ԼʵŷҹĶ֣ڶԷûж£ĶȥӲƴǾȥ
᲻֪ŷҹʡ
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ŷҹͷ̫ŵķţûʲô취ƽģƩ㣬Ҫ˵ķţܲ
Ϊ̫ŵԼܲ˵ĹЩ治ԥһ֮ǿ˵ǿԣֻһֿܣ¶ΪȻǿ޹̫ţһֱ¶ΪΪԭ򡣡
ŶŷҹȴȤؿĽѩһۣȻ¶ǵ֮ǰҪǸ⣬ȴҪѰʲô
㡭ĽѩȻ󾪣֪ʲôˣ϶ǽǸ֮Уǲǣ
㣬ҡŷҹ


660 һ
ĽѩŷԼʧ̬ˣæһ£˵֮У֮ǰ̫һˣλʦʮֳΪλʦһ̫鷨ţ֮ʱĸ飬Ҳʲôϸ𣬴ᣬҪԴһţԽ̫飬˵ɵ۾ʦʹʦòԼŵԣ¶Իٷţ֮飬Ͳ̫ˣ˵ʦԻΪ֮˸֮Եһȥ˼ģҲ˵ʦ˶鷨ţһɾɵ۾
ǺǣΪҪõ¶ŷҹЦҾ˵ģƺǸ̫ŵһţеģȴһԹѵҲҪıԼķţ
ȴˡĽѩһ̫ӡ
˵ɣǸ⣬϶Ҫõ¶ɣ㲻ٰ׷Ļˣ¶ѾҺȹ⣬ǽУҲûôˡŷҹ
ʲôĽѩͻȻ֮伤ָŷҹƺҪ˵ʲôվû˵ˣֲ˿ٵسɾɵ۾ԭǺ¶ԭ⣬⣡
Ľѩ۵һѪϵķҲٵزš
еȻ֪ôˡ
̫ŵӣ̫֮ȴһһҪõƽ̫¶ڸոյʱʧأȻΪȫʧĽŷҹ͵
ǹģĽѩе
ʲôϵԼϵûңҲѾ̫ŵķˣ綼ôһġŷҹ
ҡĽѩȻˣһΪҪҲˣվֻһˣɽ磬䵽ȥЩƽˮӡ
ģŷҹʵ
Ľѩ˿̵̬ȴƽ˺̫ܶ࣬ŵˡ
ѩʷǷ̫ķţֻҪҵ¶ȥΪΪͰһŹڵĹںΪһ飬¼Ҳֻ˰ɣ۶һ¶ȴҲʮѵõġĽѩڻЩź˵¶ҩȴҪķɵʱͻƵɵ۾ʱͿԵõǱ¶ʱҲҪ̫ķϴȴǲˣѾƣҲʱ޶ˡ
޶ʱҪЩʲôһ԰ŷҹ˵ţ͵¶һЩɡ
ҲǱץ̫Ȼ̫ķţһΪȴΪϴǿйң֪̫ķţҪն˼֮飬ȴ޷ȴЩһҪõ¶û뵽ͷһգ𲻹Ļ鷳ܷ͵ຣУҪټһһ档
ŷҹôҲû뵽һ̫Ȼһãһ֪𣿡
Ȼǲ֪ġĽѩεһҪƳԼ̫鷨֮ȥû뵽ֽھȥֻҲ߲ຣˡ
ɽޱߣһЩΪˣҪ֮ߵຣţ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬οڵĽѩѾûΪߵͷҲܻżһˡ
ȻĻǿȷʵҪһ֮ˡŷҹЦЦȻŮĳҲòȥǿڵӣҲǿɺ֮ˣ˿֮ɡ
˵һˣôҲҪЩ֮ͬ飬ȥһԼȥɡ
㣬֮ǰɱ˶ˣŷҹͻȻʵƭǺ¶裬ɷ飬˼Σ
顭Ľѩҧ촽ȴҲûзϣҪɱˣȴǲȥɱǵġ
ɱȻҪˣЩĵеʱȴʵΪֻܰɱˣȴ۵ϡ
شҲŷҹЩЦԼùùɵ۾ϣĽѩһԼ½ɵ۾ӦñȽϺöԸ˷ֺ֮ܿܵõɵ۷һʲôģֶ̾
ŷҹļʶǶҩɵ۾Ч޵ģĽѩ黹ֶΣʵ̫ðʧˡ
ڶԷһ˵ķϣ͵ʲôҲûзɣԵˡ
ְƿóһ¶ᵯ֮䣬ѾһûĽѩĿС
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ŷҹҲǿһķϣǶԷʧȥΪʱ̫¶Ҳˣֻһ˵Ļò˼ʮʱ䣬ͻһѿݹˡ
һ˵δЩ̫ڲˣΪຣǸĽѩһôɣ˭¶أ
¶ѩ֮Ҿʹؿຣżһŷҹ˵Ҳεҡҡͷм̫ˣ֪ǿຣŵɵ۾ӣȴҪҵΪɾɵ۾һҲһԭ㡣
Ľѩһʱҡʱֻһɾɵ۾֮Ҫ飬ѾĿ嵭ˡ
ŷҹҲֻܱʾˣ̫鷨ֲ֮նϾ飬ȴƫƫ۷ΪûзҲһ漣ˣЩֵľٶ˵ǲ׵ľٶҲǿġ
ʱ򣬾˶ѩ΢΢һ£֮һʱ俴䣬ȵشһ·һС
ŷҹһ̣ƺǴסˣæȥԼ۾Ϊǿˡ
ŷ磿ѩ΢΢СеһоͰŷҹθһҲΰɣ
ŷҹ۰ѩ§סŷ粻ãһôĿࡣ
ŷ磬㣬ҸоѾüӶûпˣѩˮ
ˣİɣӣ˭Ҳٰҵߴߡŷҹ˵
šѩŷҹͻȻ֮뵽ʲôѽĪĪҲץˣǿȥʲô飬һӶᰲĵġ
İɣڸһأʱ䣬ˣҾʹȥǡŷҹο
ѩǾٶ飬κ˸ǵΪ˻ԼһС
ģҵ𣿡ѩʶʲô
ʱڿຣĪȽϽһЩõϢ֮ҾȥȻһ𣬶Ҿȥ۳㣬㲻۳ǣշתõˡŷҹЦ
ŷֻҪ˾ͺãѩڲˣȴǺرŷҹҲ뿪ˣȥ绹ȥɽ磬ǻǻص׽ȥǵļңֻʮҲãֻŷڣǾĶҲȥˡ
ãһ׽磡ŷҹһЩ
Ľѩ˶ԻŷԼһֱˡ


661 
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ڿ˵Ҳ˵ģ¶ǵõˣĵòأҪ˶ꣿ
㡭ѩĽѩ֮󣬾һ£ֻҪ뿪ŷ粻ôģɵ۾̫ЩأҲκε
ŷҹһЦ֮ǰ˵Ļɲһʱ仹ûлָ˵ɵ۾̫ķҲô׶Ըġ
ȴȫһ˵ˣ֪ĸȷġ
ѩ˵ȴûʲôԣŷҹǽһ鷳Ĵʣ飬ֻҪڣǾһи㶨ˡ
Ծ̫ŵķȴҲԶѾɵ۾ŷ磬һͻûС
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ͻȻո˵ʲôѾǸͨˣոûע⣬ʱȥ̽һ£ȻͷֶԷѾûΪȻĳͨˣǱ׽ͨҲֻǿôһѣ⻹ֻΪԷһֱɽ֮УȽϳ㣬ʱ׽öѣģһûС
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ҲȻδ֪ܴ֮󣬱ϾһµĿʼ
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ȥﶼԣĻǾǻ׽ҲСŷҹҲЦ֮ǰ۴˿϶ģΪ۳ŮףѾŮˣ
ѩûİŷҹһۣҲûȥʲôǸ常һж䱻ӡʱ飬ɲڻϵġ
۸֮ĶԹԻ𣿡ѩʵ
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𣿡ѩЩɻ
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벽̫߳ŵʱһڵĵӶʯ
ǵ˵Ҫɱ˵ΪԼȴ˷ˣӣȴ˿ѹܸһ
˭Ҳ֪ɾɵ۾ĿľΪԼһˡ
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̫ŵĵǸӾˣΪ⻰ǵ˵ģŷҹôһ˵
λұ̫ķϧЩϣվѳɵۣܶΪҲһ£һжλŷ˵ɣǲġĽѩʱƺҲ뵽ʲôЩ˼ŷҹȥŷ֪ɷٽ輸¶


662 ຣŵĺô
ⶫĵرĵرǿܳɾɵ۵Һ֮κεķмֵöࡣ
ĽѩȴſԷãǡ
û뵽ŷҹȴʮִ󷽣Ҳ뵽ˣ¶Ǹ鱦¼Ȼ㿪ڣҲò˽ǻ˭̫鷨ţҿ¶ຣУӴ̫޹ϸպ̫Ҳ׷
ŷҹһˣǴ˿˵Ļȴû˸ҲԵʵʱκ˶ûа취
οŷҹ˵Щ¶ʱ򣬽ӽһ˶̫ķţ治һ˿ġ
̫ŵҲ࣬һ룬ʮѡ˳̫ţʣµˣǱʾ̳̫ŵĵͳ
ǽȥԼ̫ŵ飬Ҳϣѡµ̫֮ʱٳֱǿŵ飬ǻĻҾͲòָˡŷҹҲЩε˵һ䣬Ҳ֪ʱ򣬾ϲܵµġ
Ҳ˵⻰Ļ⣬»ߵˣȻһЦ
ŷҹһ֣ߵˣ˻ƶ֮Уһ˲ϢҲ֪֮ٳʱѾ˿ຣϿա
ʦ塣ŷҹһǰʱԷҲһ
ΪһϸһȴӾˣŷҹϢ纣ֱ̽ӣѾɾɵ۾
Ҳֻһɵ۾һΪһŷҹ˵Űѩǰ棬λǸ۵ŮҲҵѩˡ
⡭˵Ů״ᣬҪ֮ŻῪʼô᣿һӾȡ
ŷҹ֮ǰ˵һ飬һҲǾȲѣһֽ̫Ľѩʱ򣬸ֻ۾Ȼһ
˵ʲôĽѩ飿һɴ۾ʵ
ԭʦʶŷҹЦ
ֹʶУһҪȥ̫һˣǸΪУҲҪѩȳ̫ţһ
αôżҲһʱġŷҹȴȰ
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Ҫǻرһ𣿡ŷҹЦ
˵ɶȴһ֣ʮ̫ŵŮӶڷ֮С
Щһ֣⵽ôһ£
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⡭һҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãԸǵʱȴЩ֪Ҫô˵ˣǲЩˣڲŸոճɾɵ۾֪֮϶ɽ֮дڣĽʦˣʲôʧĻຣŶѾǧ꣬Ҳδɣȴ̫ڼȵʱ򰡡
ȻĽѩոط꣬һҲ쳣̸˿ຣŵǰ;ʱѸپ侲ŷҹ̫ڴˡ
޷ڿຣɵۣ֣ͨ۲᲻ףңǵʱʲôҲҪһ£ŵĽӦزأܹط֮£ʲôͨŷҹη֪۾֪֮ҲκζģΪû׼ãĿץҵĻ֮ǰ֮أҰѩӡʱѾҪȥˣûУ㹻˵ܶˡ
ҪôһŷҹѶҲû˵ʲô
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û֪𰸣һǾͶ֪ˣΪһڿնվ߿֮У·һС
ຣŵţǽŴеӣڿຣţҽͿຣһݴ񡣡ŷҹλϺ͵˵֪֮Уڶ˶۲ǲУҲ㲻ʲôȻڿຣУܸһĴ̽ĶҲʲôǳ֮⣬ʲôΥຣŹ飬ҲһϳͲڿຣŵĺô⻹ֻǸոտʼϣǶϧᣬ۱ӻҲҲһǿԼˡ
ŷҹ˵ţһСƿӣȴһСƿ¶Ҳֻʣʮεӡ
ֶϡУѾüֵˣŷҹȴ˿ϡ
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¶һƮ·һɽ֮УɽΧѸٵطž˵ı仯ҩ滨ʯ֮Ƭ֮ѾɢŨҩ֮
һ̶ˮǱǳһۿȥܷеˣƺ˸ľһ͸ͨĳˮȵġ
ŷҹٻ֮䣬ǳˮϷȻһ޴ķ󣬰ɽС
ڴҵ۾ɽûб䣬ǶرĽⷨǱɽˣΪ۾ܿĶʲôôһӾܿõȴûа취õһ־޴ջ
¿ˮ֮ǰŷҹɽ֮⣬һǷͨͨŷҹȴõʮַһССľӡ
˽ɾӣԽǸϴĽУɽˮ֮УǿԸ򵽸ķ֮С
ɽҲżصķ󣬾ǽɾӲأҲܽǳˮ
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һӣǵӻǳ϶һƬȻǳˮ澹Ȼܸɵ۷ôĵطǿ򰡡
ǲػʲôҸոǳˮĶ겻¶¶ҲĻ¾ûκĶһˡŷҹ˵ҲеĵӶװȥ֮õĴ˽ϴĽ֮ǰҪͨĲԲС


663 
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ĻԿຣŵĲң֮ⷨУȻֳԭ֮ⷨвͨˣᱻຣţһӶ룬ֻڿຣлӣҲ˵һΪĿຣŵӣô̾ͿǷĴҪôԼѡ񡣡ŷҹȻЦ
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