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ݼ飺
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PS´鹹ͬʵɺϣ벻Ҫʵ¼ҹ


1 Ԫ
գϼȾһƬ񷡣´ĳֵ̯ܼһ˷
Ϧ͵£һߴԼһװ˵ѵ˺һϸСѼ⣬ȻԼ׽˺һȥ
ɫ԰׵һŰֽûаѪɫ˸ޱȣλϣһܹһ㣡
ϴƾɵľѵǰǰżЬҲ˸¶ŵĽѾ
ԶԶؿȥһزؤʱضܱһ㣡
ݣ԰ףӴʱʵдգ
СʱӲżѵĽһֻѼӳ꣬˺ָһЩ۾Ϣ
ϸȥȻɫ԰ףһЩü֮䣬ȴ͸¶һָ̬ţƾɵѣȴһִݲȵĵơ
Ѿһˣϧ念ʵ̫ˣ
ĿϢƬ̺Ԫۣ˫һ˿޵ľ⡣ȻǳԱ˷һЩ
һԼ壬һԼȻεҡͷЦ
ȻѾȥˣҲûг׻ָһʵ̫ûаĵӣһжôͷʼˣ
ɭ򵥡
Ԫ˻һŰԪĴ󳮡
ţˣ
̯λһ۵ѵСŮӦһõ˹һСޱȣ۾ģžһӡСԪǰǻ졣
ԪŰԪ󳮽
ллԪ磡
ɭܿǮһֻһտ̯̯λϣһ׷ԲԵտŶ
Ũ̹ǺͷᶼҪˡͷẔ̌ǵһһȥΪտŨУӰԸˣƵƸɿݡ
϶ûǻˣ
ǣ̵ģôȥ

мһߺơһ߲ͷŰӣȾɫͷͲ󣬴඼ʮꡣ
ˣͿˣٵȵȰٵȵȡ
ͷû̧æҵط˼ȣȥгӡһȳȣǣǲ㡣
һ̯λһֵһˣ˵տñȱұ˲˹ǵ̯λֻһˣټȳԸæ
үΪ˺ܺãԪһ̯λʱûдǮֺͷزʶͷȻͬԪǷţ
羭թĶǵԪֻ÷жչ⡣ʱ䳤ˣҲ֪˺ŮһЩ顣
˽־ȳʮꡣСŮģŰ꣬ɭɭиӽĿˣСŮͦ񣬴Զɭˡ
Ԫ磬Ǯ
۵СŮɭһǮԪǰʮ顣
ԪӹǮȻŻԼĿڴ
ڵһʵ⵰ܹٶ飬֪ܻ켸죬ԱʡԼòУ
һǮһǮҪúõպã
ԪӣԼϢò࣬վҪؼȥ
үµıѸý˰ɣ
ԪվʱǰһѼƵɤͻأش˹ȻȾͷĻΧס̯λ
ЩһһŻڣرΪһУ׳ʵһָݵĸо
ͬӥ˫Ŀ˸ΧһɨһӾòֺ󱳷ĸо׷׵ͷ
ү³ǲŽٿ鱣ôҪհ
һ⼸죬үЩӺ£УСŮɭæ㵽үһ˫ˮӻֵ̿ؿǺУرǿͬаĵ̣һЩȻǺ¡
³
ǻүһ鿾õļȴšһҧʵһ飬ȥƺӲóԣ޵˳
ү³³ıѡµˣҪµ׵ıѡǧ飬ǧ飬ȶҪˡ
⻢үɢɢ˵ţȻһõ㣬ҧ¼⣬ӵԱߣĶ̯λҵһ
ļСܾûôˣһһһ֣һֵĳְֵģһӽ̯λϵտõĲˡ
ǧ飿ңôǮ
ͷҪˡүͿһտ̯һҲǧǮɽǮ˭޵׶
ƫƫƵֲҺ⼸ġϾ⻢үһ´һģ˵ɱˣ춼û취
ʲôûǮ
ͷĻһѼȻһȾŻͷĻӻүĳһŲ̯λϡ˳һһѷذףһϣȥ֮
ذײţХ˼ֺ⣡
үɱΪǼúŪûǮ趺˭أ
ëСü俴ү
ңûǮ˰ͷһΣңôǮ
үֺ˼ɭ⼸ɷĻ죬һүЩ
ҿǲɡҲУҾ̯ӣ
ëƺŭˣһץס̯λһǣһֱӽһƬƷ˳ȥĹ߰˰˹˳
ԣ̯
һϣɫʶ̧٣

ëһ֣༸Ҳ˳̯һֱүү
һĻһ̯ʵ̫ˣǱ̯Ǳᣬ˶׷׵ͷûһվ¹үϾ˭Ϊİ˵ﻢү
ס֣
ʱһͻأȴŵʱ򣬷һһĿѭȥ׷˴ʱվŵԪϣ
ԪɫЩҰףȻôĿ⿴˹΢΢ЩʡǺܿһһŻүһ˹ȥ
ߵúÿһܼһ㣬԰׵ӷ˲̬죬˫Ŀᶨһһȴû˿õ˼
ģȻҹܱ£ֱԱ˳û
ǣҲүʲôˣ
ˣͷʲô˶У˻үأ

Ԫ˳̯λϼɵСɴܵ£ǶҹܣСӾȻܹȥʲô
ʱ򣬻үһĿҲԪϣԪǰǻëС˹ֱͦˣ˫ĿɵϴɷĺôСӣ
ëСԼǰԪҲͣ
ԶȺУǻүʼվţһ˫ӥԪϣӺâǵȴƺżζ
ûСֻүȷʵûǮɣٿǮȸˡȹһٸʣµǮô
Ԫȥһó˼Ͱ͵Ǯһ٣ȫһë
٣򷢽лӰ㴩ôãƾʲôԺܸǮ
ëʼ硣
㲻Ҳû취һ̯ҲòһǮô
Ԫ̯̯֡
㣡
ëɫһ䣬ԪҪˡû˸Һô˵ء
ȵȣ
Ļү˳һץס˻ëļ
үҲˣүˮեˡȥҲδ̳һǮСǮҲδزǸ취һ˸ǮǸá
СǾ͸ʱ䡣ʱǮҪûУٺ٣ʱҲһʰˡܣһĵ̣㲻ˡ
⻢үһߣתˡ
Сӣηһ
ǻëݺָָԪıӣȻ̯λһѳԵģһȺﳤȥˡ

Ⱥ뿪ү̾˿ɫįˡ
ƷˣԪǡ
ԪǰүЩΣϾԪҲʲôǮˣóٿǮ¶ȫĲƲˡԼûã챻Щ۸
û£ɽͷ·һġ
Ԫ΢΢һЦҲתȥˡ
үүԪܰǳﵽǮ𣿡
ԪıӰСɭգ۾
˵ҲǮ˰֮˾డʲô취ء
ԪȥӰү̾˿ɭĶͷ
ɭһ˫ӿԪȴֵĸооԪܰǽ鷳һ


2 
үҵԪһСʱ·̡ԪûΪǮˣҪʡԼòС·Ҳãʵ˶һ£ʹ念ø졣
ԪʮţǽеһеĸѧСһ¶һϧǰȥˣһһĹžɷӸԪ
ԪȡһŮÿİٿǮķӡҪѧѣҪԷӹýͰ͵Ŀ֪һװ˵ߣŲһٶʮݹ᾵ģǸûʲô
죬ԪѾ׺һںһ𣬼̳˼䣬ҲһЩ˽⡣
磬ļ̫ϡˣһҪȡϼѡΨֲͨˡҺҴһöȺͰɹӡ
󣬾ҪǮǻүˡԪȻǮ˵Ҳֻʱѡֻϣʱ䣬ܹ㹻Һɡ
ֻҪˣһоͶϣˡ
ԪŵʱʶĹ˹ָ
һһȻǣĸоԪɵһֻۣһ⻪ǰȻ֮бһöǳɫС
ԪץһһöĴָСӣʢǳɫҺ壬Ө͸
飡
ԪﲻɵһϲҲûеôϡֻ죬ȡߵҺˡ
ԪһϲϣͶ־һ㣬ż˹ȥ
飬Ϳ¿ʼˡ
ϣⲻҵԪԪ𣿡
Ԫ¥߹ȥʱһ޷ŮӭһŨľŽε˹
Ԫ̧ͷеһŷɫȹӵŮüŨ˫ʩ죬ȹӰסΣһԪǰ󣬾ޱ˵Ϣ
ҡҡλεģʱҪԵһ㣬һַǽϣһִ䣬磬ЦȻ⣬һ󴺷磬ܰ˵ĻǸһ㡣
޽㣬Ԫڷס͡
޽㣬˰
޽̬ǧ޶˵ģԪ΢΢һӦһҪ¥ȥˡһο޽㣬ڼǵ޽òϳ顣
ԪԪҾͲȥˣûźȾأŽ㡣
Ԫ޽߾ʱһͻȻԪԵ˹§סԪֱۣȵĽ˳ƿ˹
޽§סԪֱۺӺվȣԪϡһ˫ӸɱһԪĲϡ
飬촽ջģõԪһŻð
Բ޽㣬һ¡
ԪһţҪ뿪ڿûôʱ޽档ҪŬԸء
Ԫһѣ޽ȴ˹һͷˮţԽƶһֱӹԪĲӣһ§סԪ˵ĺ촽ԪϿҪԪһǲԪˣ
ԪԪΪʲôÿι㣬㶼ϡѵǽ㲻𣿲Ư𣿡
޽ƺĺˣɣ˵ţ˵ţԪһֻ֣Լǰ˹ȥ
˵ĵټ˵ĺ촽Ϣʮ˵޽ֱһ͸˵һһЦ˷޽˹һԪ͸оΧĿ˲١ԪоԼĶһһܵս
Բ޽㣬Ļ顣
ԪǾܾ޽㡣ƺЩˣԪûж˵ֱƿ޽㣬¥ϴ˹ȥèһٴȥҪ޽㹴ʲô
⸱ĻǼֱԲˡ
ο˱Ůˡ

ԪƵǽǺ޽ȴͻȻЦ֦չǰѩ׷˶ӿֵߵġֻ̬Уȴεĸо
ôҲңԣǶңΪһŮΪһŮ
޽ЦЦž¥˹ȥģģʧǡ

Ԫƿ߽˷䣬һɾζذϷ˴ССľƿӣһƬǽ塣Ԫüͷ壬ȴҲȥЩ
ԪֱԼķ䣬ţȻó飬Ьһһöɫӡ
һöӣСĴָ״С͹һģһɢȣԪö֮һһöǰɹ
ݷΪ֣ܶеݿβ˵ɹԵݡ
еݣشģȾеһ֡
ԪȷһȻһҺȥ
ܿȾͷѿˣðɫۼ⣬ۿɼٶš
һ˲֮䣬ؼڷһӿˣ
ȻϡһЩҲΪˣҲ̫࣬Ҳᱻע⵽Ӧǰȫġ
Ԫ˼һ
ǰʱ򣬻û˵еһǧС硣
һԣǶֻܣЩСȻһطСȴ԰ȫ
ԪȻ磬Ǿú𲽣ʵһٻһ죡ѩޣϴˢ裡
˿˿
Ԫŵʱһϸ΢˹ԪһعͷȥÿһöȵҶӿʼ䣬һɫԲͳǰŵڶöҲļ
Ԫּۿ죬ϽڶöȺ͵öժһҶ䣬ͻɢȥʧ
Ȼһöɫ¶˿кϱһζɢ˳
һ˿ԪıǼ䣬ͺ񴺷һԪ壬õԪԭҰ׵ɫһӻָ˺嶼һ£ʱ˲٣˫Ŀüжо˸
ʱգٴθܵζˡ
Ԫ˵ͽժһڷҲûо׽ֱȥ
һȥϱڶǸڻ˿γŨҺѸԪȫ˹ȥͬȪԪ壬õԭЩļѪ˲侫̵ܹڴ
Ԫɫ㣬ȥ۾ĬĬתھʼȵ
ԪĬĬתŨ㰴һĹԪģԭӲ֫徹Ȼ˿˿ů⣬ȻԪƤʼһĺ˳

һСʱȥˣԪʱ˫һ˿γ֮ɫȻվҲԵþ˲١սȭͷﶼ
Ⱦȣָ˲٣ٷһöȣͿֱӽĽ׶ˡ
Ԫ˿⣬ҹɫѾˡôԪ֪ڴ磬һҪһ׶Ρ
ȾҪãʵûܹԪһǴСûдõģֻܹ֮ͨ
һöѾԪָ˵ֻҪٷһöʾԴﵽ綥ˮƽӣͿԽ״̬ˣ
ԪûԥһöȣˣȡɫĹһڷ
һö˶Ǹ֮кŨȾͷԪ£ֿʼ˴
ҪǿԵģԪûʱΪֻʱ䡣֮ڴﵽ״̬аնԸǻүһ
Ԫ۾ĬĬת
ʱһһţɫȥȻڷڵԪ˵ذһʱüͷ壬ʱͷ¶
ͬĸɶһԪһ߸ʵ̫ʣȺ󣬶ĳܺʹݲǼġ
˺ʹ࣬ÿʱÿ̶˹ԪҧסˣϴǷ裬ƶ״ݲһ޷


3 
壬Ԫ֮еɺ۹ȫϴһɾһ㣬öȳ׷ϺԪһˣ̥ǣֻۣһƬ
վȽŶǿˣǸй٣˲١ǰ޷ģ
ף
ĵƻǿŵģԪڷɨɨ䶼ɨһ飬ЩƿӶɨɾˣҲԣˮζ
޽ֻˣ
Ԫüͷ΢΢죬ûп޽㣬û뵽ĵͦڡ
ڴʱϴּķŴˣһŮëͷ˳ڡԪ۾һֱˣΪʱ޽㾹Ȼһ˿ң
˳ԡ
ԪһǺܿƿĿ⣬޽̫ѪԪٿȥԼҲѳֲס޽ǾưɹƽʱΪţڼﶼǲ·ģʱѪյԪ˵ȷʵһս
ǰԪƺû֣޽ͬôãȻûд޽⡣һ࣡
ˣѧ˴㲻ΪͿԷɣ
޽һ߲ͷһ߰ԪһۡղһͿԪһʬһءʱȻûкƢ
޽㣬ʲôʱˣ
ԪƺʲôҪ飬æѯʵ
514Űôӻ˰ɣ
޽˹һַԪͷִЩûͷûԵ⣬˻ɶѡ
Ԫæ˼޽һǻͬһ𣬻ǿ鶨ΪԪмµĻҲ̲סһЩ
Ŷû¡ֻǲǵˡˣ޽㣬˯ɣôˡҳȥתת
Ԫ˷š
⣡
Ԫȥģ޽ŭؿһܾۡڵԪЩ֣ȴ˵ˡ
Ƶ״̬˹޽㵹ûȥԪˣתɳϣ˶ȣ򿪵ӣóһĤϣһ߿ŵһ

Ԫӷ˳˿ɫһƬƻԻͣżӦõʮһӡҲ˵ǾԪȣȥ࣬ʱ䲻ʮСʱˡ
ȸıԪ壬ڵһӦû⡣ҪԸүһˣȴЩѡرǸүִһһӣ

һƫƧԺԪɫһºһոһǳɣ˱úһŹ˲
ʵЩ죬ԪҲϰʽκûпʽת䣬Щٶۡˣˣʽʩչһӻˣ
ȭʽ
ԪǰƳһȭ˳ǰһӱһ乭һ㣬Ͻһ˳ȥ


ܿһȭ类Ԫɨ˳ȥֻǲʮ׵ĵطޡȭ̫Сɱиܣ
ԪһȭƳҽŽ̧б߶ȥˮһǳɣżϣһѼ⵶ȥĻԪȭҲᱻһиҪ
ɨǧ
ֻԪʽûֹͣԭ߳ٿ£СȺһ㣬صڵϣȻԪԾȽźɨ˳ȥҽΪģһԲŽżֱȡԷţ
ȭʽˮδϰԪʩչһǳɡֻΪԭٶȺԲǰ
ǲаŵʵҴǰֱǲ׺һڡ
䶨˵վȺԪЦһǸںϲõ壬ǷӦԶǰöϰܸõӦһС
ʱ򣬾һ˶ЩյʼӿȼγϢԪϸ֮Уܹܵ
ֻ֮Уܳױգܳ׸ı
ԪԵ÷㣬ʱٶǰһˣ˫צֱǰץ˹ȥһ˲֮䣬ӥһ㣬ֱȡ¡ڰȴͻȻһγһԲ򣬴˸ֱӱ˳ȥ
ΪûʵսĶԪֻԼģŸʽЩ͵ȵϧڵ˵ֻܹЩ
һģ˵ӰҲõȵʵٶһЩܹ

ޣ
ޣ
ֻڼ֮Уܹȵҩ߷£ͻƸһ
ԪԺʱǰȥͬͻɽʱֵ˶ͬһһʽɬĴȻֲϰһ飬顭һٱ飬һֱΪֹ
շƤĹâԺԪȴԽԽ𾢣ԽԽϵ·ȥ¶ͦε壬һкˮ˴ʪ˸͸ԪϰţûͣƬ̣
ԺһɳԪÿϰһСʱͻϼһɳ
ԪоԼԽԽԭһȭͺѹʮһ㡣޵ѵ֮£ɳҲᷢӳʮԪû˿ͣЪϢ
ұ뾡ɳҪԸүҪΪԼ
ԪһԾǽϣͻȻһ˹ͬһݺײ˵ϣһضһȻԪһַ˳ȥ
ûʵսĶ֣ԺǽڣأԪļУ
Ԫǽսţʹսţսţֻһδεļս֮УܹǿǱܣ
һɹӹӿȻ˲䴵壬Щ۹ЩʣҲЩˮų⣬ȡ֮ĻȻһ£̥ǣ
νǴĥ
ԪսȭͷļһŹԪȭͷһӣһɴϺХѹ˳ȥ
ƣ
Ҫľһƣһǰƣҵƣֻս춷أ޾һеƲܴ޾һеֻд޵еܹͻͨ
ֻʵһɳ̤ͨɣͨ񣬶ɽ٣ܹ״߷ܹҵ֮ţܹİŮ˾ȳ
ԪˣƱһ㱼ӶϣʱϣʮɳһʮʱԾԼ޵״̬ţ
ԪѾ˷ľ磬Ѿǳĸ֣Եõ֮ţİŮӰأֻǣѣε˵ıѣӰ
ҪΪԼţӰҲȥҲɢ
ɢֻд˵е֮ŲܹȳԪЩ֮ǰҵ֮ţұЩԼ˸ۣ
𣡡
еԪͻȻһ˻һȭֱǰǽ˹ȥйе˼ͷߺһ㣬һȭ˹ȥֱǽϣ
һǽһ£һשͷȻ˿
ڣԪȻ˲ʮСʱʱѾﵽˣ


4 
µĽֵ˴С̯λһƬζ֮УүСŮӪСС̯λ
û취̯λǻıǮΪǻүһţԼͲˡԼ˽죬⻢үһ˻ǻġ
үֻܺɭ̯š
Ȼǻүһ׼ʱˡ
ү⼸ⲻʣµ̯λѴû
ë˫ֲ϶£ؿűү
ƣүûﵽôǮүͻүдŹһ
үΡΡĵʵǳﲻǮ˰
ʲôˣҰ
ëһˡ˵õǮô˵Ͳأ
һŭһ־ү˹ȥ

үϣܵסôһưһӵĲ˵ϣǮҲǻ˳Ʈõǡ
үү
СŮɭæ˹ȥסүү
һһĿҲǷ׷׿˹ͬ顣һԪͷ飬ʱȴû˸ҿһˡ
㣬첻ŪǮҾͿȣ
ëȥһ̧𣬾үǰ
ǻүֵµһ֣ıûУٻƵı쵹Ǻǿ
Ҳ֪Щ̯׬Ǯףݺݽѵһ٣᲻Ǯġ
ƣүңûǮдһɡ
үҪ޳ˡɲԪӲʣһˣͷϻˣҪǱëһ٣һӶҪˣ
үµỨ˸
ӲҪӷһȣ֪ӵ
ëӣɫ׺Ȼ̧˽ţһžүһõȲ̤ȥ
үȳһȣҪٱһȣȫһˣ
գ
ëһ̧ۿҪүһȲȶϵʱһ޲֪ӺδˢһëСϣ
ʯһ޷죬ëҲ˲ҽһһѱסСȣɫҰףҽ
˭ĸ쵰
ë
ʱڽֵǰһƬϦ֮£һӱͦݵӰ˹
û˵ƽͺƺʹһ㣬һӾͽ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
Ҳ⣬һӥĿɨ˹ȥ
ӰظֳӵݣϦӸɾϣƽ˫ȴ纮ǣ˹ӣ罣ͦεһѹȵĸо
ǹ˺һ˲ϳ˭
Ԫ
һ˳ЩԼ۾
Ҫ֪ǰԪ԰ޱȵİ
ʱ˿̵ԪһֵĸоǰѾ̥һ㣡

Ԫ
̯вʶԪˣôҲû뵽ԪȻ
ôСˣ
òǮİɣǽ
Ҳпܡ˳

һУԪ˻ëǰү
Ԫ㡭
үؿԪĿһ䵽ԪϣԪʱɫһΪԸоڵԪǰһˣرԪɢϢϵľԸүһֲһĸо
һҡġ
Ԫ΢΢һЦͬãرǸǳǳѣůĵĸо
үû˵ȻͱԪ˵
Ԫת˻ëһ졣
ϣСӵͦһǧߣүóɡ
ëƳԪһۣһмСӹǮȻˡë޼ɵȫһԶԪģ
ԲǮǮġ
Ԫʼ磬˹һ˫ӿ˻ëҲ
һ˵һ涼
Ǯģ
ë˶ɫһ䣡
ȻûϵԪһܹȻҪ˵ģ

ëһЦЦ
СӾȻҪˣһЦ
ëŶӴЦЦӶˡ
Ҳֳִ嶯ˣԪѧʶʱ˻ǵһ
ɵ˰ɣ㿴ɵģ˳ӳˣ
ɲ𣿾Ȼ˸һү鷳ֱǷ˰

һȺ챧ŶЦһߴЦţһ߳Ԫ
Ԫ˿⣬һƽվǰŻëһЦꡣ
û˿ڻë⳰ЦʱҲŻë˵ıͱһ㡣
Цʮӣë˲ƽȻëԪɫҲ͵һ
СӣȻ㲻ʶôҾͺúһ棡
ëĿǰһһӾԪԴɨ˹
һɨԷʯͷҲҪóɸ飡
ǾҪ䵽ԪϵʱһͻȻ˳ȥһ͵˰Уһ
ʲô
ղŵһĻ̫죬û˿Ԫ֣ɫһ䣬رǻëһ˿֮ɫ
Ϊһɨ˹ԼģʹʮɵľȴԪɸץסˣ
ëΪԼĴҪӰγʹ˳̵ľͱԪ˿
Ԫɫƽ΢ЦؿŻëëɫԽԽѿٶŤţһ亹ӶͷϹ
ͻȻ֮䣬ŷǰԪƺǰһȻоˣ
ëԾƴʹɫǱҪôֵǰ˿ǿɾͶˣ
ǲۻëôʹȴ޷öֺ
ڻë£¶ʱԪͻȻˣ
һ̧𣬶ĳ棬һߣֱŻë֮
ֵǣԪ⶯ȻɻëȴôҲˣ
ؿһԽԽԽԽëȴ޷ŲƶܿȹϵϣҪ޳ˣ
ڣԪһ䵽˻ë֮䡣ƻƽһţӦûжŶԡ
Ԫһȥ󣬻ë͵صɴ۾һɱĲҽУ
ˣ
Ԫɿͬһϱķ


5 Ǯ
ͨ
ëٴµʱŵصġ汻ĵȥףݻѪ˳ëſ˵ϣŤţһ˫۾ԪȻ鴤˼£˹ȥ
ž
ž
һӼž˿Ԫһһﶼ¶˾ޱȵ飡
ǰԪһСӰڡ
ëʵҲˣһУҲֻѷɫǻëԪǰֱǲһ
ԭһ죬һսɵ˼ȻǶԪЩɵˡ
ÿ
һ˹æÿһ·Ϳ˹ɫһ˫סԪͬӥһ㣬ҪԪ⿴һ͸һ㣡
ʿգĿ࿴Ҳû뵽Ԫô仯
ǲԪôǿˣ


սȭͷĦ
Խ˶ס˺ǰһСЩ̯·ˣ꣬ᵽɤӿڡ
Ԫı仯ǿǿʵֶθӡǵ
˵һ˵ʮ˵Ĵڡһȭȥͷܸ˴飬ˣһ۶˺£οԴ
ԪȻ˻ëôĶ֣
һͬĿԪԪһαùѪͷһλ᲻ҲǱҵˣøأ
Ԫڹ£ʮͷȻԶһֻ֣ԿǷһ
˫ֱǰԵÿޱȣ϶£һ־Ӹµ̬俴ԪҲ˹
ڹ£ٸͷȻԶֻȣԪҲԿǷһ
ԪͬסֱۣӭĿ⣬Ĵ˹·ԪȻֵñ
һӲ˶һô˵ˣǻǵһοأ
Ԫӭţ׵ľ룬Ŀ⽻ӣжŻҩϢΧ˶һһԶ˼ⱻˡ


ȫµĹĦȻĶŭˣ
һ˫ӳŵϴͬţһСŭȼţҧšĳ˼֣
ͻȻˣ
һͺһɽһȻԪѹ˹Ȼǿķ⼲˳ȥϣܴѪ
һƣҲǴǵԪͷϣ
бǮһּƣ־֪ݣһƴȥʯͷҲܱɷۣ
ƾһּƣѸڽٳһƬصģ
ԪȻҲǸܵƵɫһ˳һȭ̧һȭȻӭƷ磡
䣡
ֻһ챬ȭӣʱŰõÿХ֮
͵һ֮߲վȣһ˿֮ɫȻûϵԪ֮
ǰԪֻ΢΢һЦͻȻٶȳһӰӶ˲䵽ǰһֱ̧Ӻؿڣ
ôҲûϵԪĹ֮죬æ֮æ
˭֪ԪҽŽżȴ˳һ䣬˵ϣǰ˶ȥ
ҽŽżΪģһתתֱɨ˹ȥ
һϵйƣˮڵʯ֮ɣ
ողԪĹƣ˭֪Ԫһɨ˹
ͣڰе˷ɫ䣬ҪȴѾ
ԪĶʵ̫죬쵽ûи˿Ӧʱ䣡ɫɷˣ
ԪһϣһһɲǼ䣬ѸٱΣһѪĿݱ˳ȥҲ˳ȥ

һĲҽ˲ڿдһĻߣȻͨһصĵϡŹѵַȥüףѪڵϴһĴӣ
ɾ䣬ˮԪջ˽ţվڵϣɫƽ·ղŵһжûзһ㣡
ԭưޱȵȴɷ˼֮⣬ˣ
𾪣
һ𾪣
ȫ˶ɴ۾һĻȵ˵ؿţ񶼲һУ
ţȻˣ
һ̶ֻ֮ڣ
ŴʱƽվԪ˶о˷ӦæԼĶͷʹ˻Դ֪һʵĺٴεɴ۾Ͷ𾪵ŵĿ⣡
ԪôһӱôͿֲˣ

ѪԪϣʱӰԵ÷ͦɫƽȴһִݲȣƿһоƵĸо
Ԫû˵˶û˵Щ£һһ죬Ԫڻţһһˣҿ
ʵǿģԪ£ȴŰһͷһбɳȥˣ
˭ҺԪԣ
Ԫޱ飬һŷ𣬴һŵӡ
ӷڿлһĻߣһӾһϣü
ȻԪŲȥ˵ϣͷϴЦؿ
Ԫղôһɨ˹ȥԴҪˣ˴룬һˮ˳һ飬һ顣Ԫﶼǻֺ̿µ顣
ԪԪ硭
Ŀ˸ţҲǲش
Ҳ˹ˣô첻Ԫ־ͱôˡǴʱ£ҲҺԪа塣
ղһŵᡣмңȻһ֮ھԼԪ֮ʵ࣡
ʱ˿̣òԪ˵ҲЩˣ
ȱ˵ˡ
Ԫ̯˿
һأүȡǧıǰɣ
Ԫͷѯš
ǣûôֻ࣬ѮһЩһ㶼ٵġ
æŵ
ֻѮһмѮѮǧѮǧѮǧһ¾ǧˡ԰ɣ
Ԫ
ǣһİ١ʱ򻹲ء
ԪˣҪǮ𣿿Ԫôô࣡
ž
ԪͻȻϣһͶʺӡƬ̺ҲһѪð˳
ʹõһӱ͡ԪﶼЩ˸ֹɴҧס촽ȻǱԪˡ
һǧһÿүԶǮİɡһΣһ٣Ǿİ١һǧȻ̯λ⣬Ҳǿǿһɡ
һүɵʧǧһѧãǲʮ鰡
ԪЦеؿ
֪ΪʲôԪһЦ͸оëȻĸоʱ˿̣Ԫ˵ʲôҷʹͷ
ǣǣǡ
ͷ˵ţѪܳģǿ⡣
壬ԪȴƫƫҪ˵ʮǹթԼİɣ
һӶˣȴҲб˶ʱ򡣵ǿô죿
ձҲһʱ䣬ұ˵㣬ʮɡ
Ԫ˼һ
ûаԪ磬ֻſʼһġ갡
ᶼҪˣû뵽ԪԼ㣬ôݣô
Ҫʮ꣬Ǿһ򰡡òôǮʱȻͼˡ
ꣿðɣҲС
Ԫʼ硣
֮ڣүɵֱʧʮټϾʧʮǾ͵ʮүˣҲ㣬ǮɡǮɣ
Ԫϡ
һȥȻնǹ̵ģŧһ㣬ƺһҪõ㡣
ԹԣԼղһƴͦصġٱ״ֹ
ңûôǮ
ᶼҪˡ
ӣǲ֪ΪʲôԪһϣĿ⣬ѹȶֲµĸоһͷĿʱ˿̣ԪȻûСԪթԼȴҲֻ˳ӵ
ûУû𣿡
˵ûǮԪƺܲˡһͻȻץıӣȻһʹ˳
ԭֻв׸ߵıԪôһһӳʮֵĳȣһӣ
ԪôһٶŤʹứӿ˳ԪǱģſǻϺ˳
ʹʹңУȥǮУ
ź˳ӱеһطһӱôʹ֪
ģԪһɣӾ͵˻ȥžشϣһסԼıӣ̼׵ñ㽶Ҫˣٶױˣһ޴ĴͷӳĹ棡
죬ȥȡǮϵǮȡ
Ҫˡڵϻô꣬Ҳ˲٣ԪôݵȴǵһΡʱֻԪˣˣøϽܣ
ԪһпһС˹룬æȥȡǮˡ
ѪԪϣȻԵáΧһ𾪵Ŀⶼϡ
رǿԪŰҵؽѵţһһͷǽޱȡ
ǱһѵѾһģƽʱǸŭԵġڿԪͷ˲˹ﵱȻǳޱȣ


6 
ܿСܱ˹һǮ
үǮȡˣǣֻֻʮ򡭡
СܽһǮԪǰ
Ԫ磬ϾֻôǮˡԪ磬ְ̧
Ԫһ顣ϵǮֻܹôˣڶҲò
Ԫɨɨ˵ѣ룬иʮҲˡȻү
үʮ㣬Ǯɭӡ
ԪһǮӸү
⣬ʹðңҲûôౣѰ
үһܳæǮԪ
һӸʮһӶûôǮءһ˽ıѿֻмǮ
žţõõġ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪɭɡ
ԪǮ˻ȥ
ү˼һڲΡΡӹǮǰʮɭͿѧˣͿԲøԿ౼ˡԼΪԼ룬ҲΪɭú밡
Ԫһ˰ԼôһæԪүﶼǸм顣
ΪԼˣû뵽бݸˣ
Ԫĺ˵ǵһѪĵزҲԼԪ֮ʵ࣡
´ӽԺһӶ̧ͷˣڱԪˣԪǮһӿˮҲֻܹԼȥ
үҲн찡
ǰжж񱨣Ʊ
˻£ʰˣǴİˣҪӲͣ
ǰǰҽҲҪһٺõģʵ̫ˣ

һ˹˱гģ˶˷ޱȡ
һЩ˿Ԫųݵ顣
ǰҾͿ˲ˣ
ǰǰվҾ֪ƽˣ
Ժ˵ĻһҪ޸ģ

ʱһһ˹ȻǶԪݲѡ
Ԫ磬
ɭ֪ð˳һԪĻԪСݺԪһ¡
ԣԺүүúùӡүɭ뿪аɡ¿ʼ
Ԫүļ
һʱȻǿԱүƽ¡ԪܲԶүɭ˵ȻǾ뿪طȽϺá
ţãԪллˣҺɭһӶġ
үԪﶼǸм飬ܿỨ˸
š߰ɣ߰ɡ
Ԫүļүɭ뿪
ɭһĻͷԪԪֻʼЦš
Ȼ˿ſţȫһҶģȻǱԼˡԪҲûȥ
һôƽϣҲǺ˷Լε顣

Ԫ뿪֣Լ˹ȥһߵԼ¥£ͿһɫȹӵĸŮվſڡ
ϸ޳һɫȹӣſڣһ߳ĹŵŮһ㣬˫ֱһǰסķ̧ͣͷ¥ϣüƺڵȴʲô
һޱȣϢ
꿣
Ԫһû뵽꿻Լſڡ
ԪǸѧ꿾ǰѧϰίԱƽʱûٶԪѧϰǰԪֽѧϰ⣬ϧ̫ÿһ궼ǵβĴڡ
´ѧУԼſڣ϶ҪԼѧϰġ
ԪŲһͣæҪȥڿûѧϰ˼
Ԫ
Ԫûж㿪ͱ꿸ˣתͷԪæСŹˡ
ٺ٣꿣˰
Ԫ¶εЦ⡣
ԪǰźӣС죬һ˫鶯ֱֱԪȻŭ⼸춼ȥ˰ѧУˣ֪һ¾Ҫ߿𣿡
һ㣬ֵʱҲޱȡ
꿣ҲˣûȥѧУҿϴѧġ
Ԫʼ硣
ߣʵ׷ģ鿼ѧиð
ôأԪӦҲ׷İ
ԪԱͷһӼˡ
Ȼֻʮ죬ҲҪΪһοϣԸһεİˣ˵Ըһ𸴶𣿡
һ˫ӿԪҲֿޱȡΪżǰһƬȻĨذȻԿģС
ʲô
꿵ĻԪҲһ
̳˵Ԫļ䣬֪߿һѧҪ´ѧУǼһٿƴѧǺ׵顣ȻԸΪԼ
Ҳ̫ɵ˰ɣ
һ˫ֿӣһҲ˵ѣԪȴһ⡣
ഺŮֿΪԼԪȴܹõǰ̡
ΪԪһߣܺһڴѧ˫˫ɣܺͷϡ
Ԫɫ˲伸䣬ܿѰŮӣԪν˾ˣƭ˾ƭˡǶŮԪȴȥ
Բ꿣ҶԶûκȤԺҲȥˡӦҲǸ
ԪһĮ
㣬㵽ôԪǰġһŬʱȻ㱿һԵİԪӦҲҪԱòãûǰ;İ
ԪǰᶼҪˡ
û뵽첻Ԫ̬Ⱦһתô졣ǰԪӦҪһͬһѧİô˵ͱˣ
˭˵ûǰ;꿣ǲһˡǺѧǲѧˡԪԶûаȤԺҪҡˣҼǵǰ˼ǧǮڲҾͻỹ㡣ˣҪˣˣ
ԪԽĮһƿ꿣ֱԼ¥˹ȥ
Ԫôһƣ꿲ڵϣعͷԪȥıӰӨỨۿתš
Ԫ磬ôôˣ
ԪĮıĮĻһһ꿵һʱ֮䣬ʧȥʲôһЩˡ
ǰԪɴ˵ӲƿԼİ
Ԫôˣٽ߿ѹ̫


7 ׬Ǯ
ǵﱤ
⼸죬ԪȻ̳˼䣬ǲûкúϸһϸŷԪ֮ϵǲ򵥡
˿˵÷СѧУжͬѧ
ԭ˼⣬Ԫһ׵Ĺ¶꿼ȴǿģҲСͥ˱˸ӴţֻΪСѧʱ꿱һȺƤѧ۸Ԫȥ꿣Լ򱻴ñסԺ˵ĹϵԽˡ
ģ˾Ȼ㺡
ǰԪ޸ǳȻһ¶Ƿȴסһ欵һ崿У÷塣
ֻǰԪȴûģŮԱߣȻǴһӣֶûǣ˼ҹһΡ
ûҲͰˣԪȻϲŮǮ
ǰǰȻǧǮȻ˵ӲģԪһЩðɡ
̫ûϢ̫ˣŮ˲֪ϣȴŮǮ
ԪڷŲӡǽŮǮرǽԼкøлԼкøеŮ˵Ǯ
һͷ۵ܿˣԭΪԼծһᣬͽǴӻүեȡǮͷ
û뵽ȴҪǮжǮ
µֻȥ׬ˡͷȥүҪ飬ԪǸɲ
ҲǸŮҲʲôߵĻǺԸŮһӡϧߣңԼϲŮˡ
ƺʲôԪɫһק飬ԺһٻӰһֻʣҺˣһҺ屻ԪóȣһԪóɹ
ʦӰǲԼ÷Ů˰
ϧȴΪԼסһˡ
ǣΪʲô˲Լأ
ԪսȭͷٶŤһ˫ӸҪͷϣֱϣ¶Ϊʹ࣬˫һӳħ
Ԫ𣬾ߣҲ졣
ѵҪʦ
Ԫ岻Ծ
Щ죬һֱȥ𣬾Ϊ޷ܡ
ӰΨһŮˡȴԶ뿪
ԪҶҪ
һתƵһԪԪĺ˲һ㣬嶼ƲסĶ
ദĵεΣǶĥЦֵĻ棬һĻһĻԪǰ֡
ǳЦݺݺϧһжǾлˮˣ
ΪʲôΪʲôһҪţ
Ԫսȭͷε˵ϡ
ԪҪúõػšҪطҲҪҡѾˡҪľǻȥһˣ㹲һӣһ꣬꣬һǧֻ꣬ܰ㵽Ͼͺã
һɫٻӰԪǰ֣԰ףȴϢ
Ԫ֣ҪȥǾӰȴֻޡ
ʦˣԶˡ
ҲԼǰһʵȴʼ޷ܡ
ʧȥһΪԪԳܣʧȥǧĻҵԪҲԳܣǣʧȥ㣬Ԫܳܣ

һʹ˻Ԫ﷢͵س˳ȥŶرţйеʹͷŭ
ܣӰҾܿ뿪û㣬ΡҪһ
»ȪҲҪһҪţҹȳҪÿʱÿ̶ܸĺġ΢Ц
ԪӣЪ˹Ұһ㣬ŭ
ֵϣһĿ⿴˹ǿһһ㡣

Ҳ֪˶ãȵƣʱԪһƨ˵ϡ
ĽֵһĿԪϣ۷׷ס
رǿԪҼȵģǲ²Ԫǲʲô¡
㿴Ǹеĺܿӣ
ǰʧ˰ɣ
õģؤ

һѶ۷׷ףһЩͬķĵŮӿԪҵģͶȥ˼ǮǮ
ԪֻǾţһﲻûпΧκһ㣬˫ۿնľ
һУ·޹أҲ˿ںںĶȴԶˡ
顣
Ԫקһö顣
ӰΪܴѣҪ飬ӰҲ
ڣΨһܹӰģҲֻˡֻ֮һϣͿܡֻлָʵȻȥһطϣӰ
Ȼ󡭡أ
УҲǷϡϣãҲҪȫһԡҪָʵҪػ۷壬ҪЩҺӰ˸ۣҪǣһҪӰ
ƺʲôԪһվǵ˫Ŀһ˿ɫ
ͷ̸ףҪ˵ϵ»ҪȡˡѣԪҲҪ
ֻһļȻϡȴһᡣûҵĳУҿʵ֮Ӧ׬Ǯ
Ԫ̧ͷ˿Χ
һİ磬Ԫ̳˼䣬һİҲ˽⡣
ҪһİȥΨӦĹԼûǿ㹻ʵ֮ǰ
ҪӦĹ򣬵֮׬ǮûǮ޷档
ô׬Ǯأ
Ԫתܿ뵽һ취ҲתˣСҲѵǾͰ׻ôˣ
Ԫߵ˴·ϣһʿ
ȥİ
һʮ˾ԪԪһƾɵľѵϡõѣһ˿ɫⷱĳ˴ôƾˡؤؤһ㲻İ
´ɡȥһ´ҽԺ
Ԫ˸ʻλϣƽص
ҽԺǱȽϺõҽԺˡȥҽԺ𣿡
ĸͷԪ˻֣֣򳵵ķʽҲ֡ĻûеĿĵصġ
á
ԪֻǼ򵥵һ֣û˵ˡ
Ԫ˵ĸҲöʣͷҽԺ˹ȥ

ʿͣҽԺԪʮǮǮ˳
ҽԺſڣַǷԪ˿ⷱȺĬĴѰһ¡
ҽԺſڣһЩֵ˹һһźǦдʲôʩԪ·ѻؼңʮĸأԪҽҩѣȵȣ·ֵˣãƼݡ
ԪЩߵǰһֻǦʣǶһյأҲʼд
Щ߻ΪһͬУԼɫ׷Щÿˡ
ɽҽΰٲ
Ԫд˸ֺͽǦӵһԣȻԼ˵ϡ˿ûΧжԵĿ⡣
ԪϻöɹһöɹΪӣôöβ
ββԪܹ뵽׬Ǯð취ˡ׬ǮĻԪֻȥ͵ȥˡ
ҽأŪ˭
Ԫд˸֣һ˹ȴһŨױĨŮ˴Ԫ߹ųŪͲм
ǣΰٲΰٲҽ䵽ֵزľЩƭӣ
ǡһȺóƭӣ

һ䳰˹˶Ԫָָ㡣
Ԫȴһ㣬ֻƽ˵ϣ˫𣬱۾
ʱ䣬úõصһ壬һĻ
Ԫոձ۾ʱһɫµͣҽԺſڣȻһţж̿㣬ɫTĸŮ˳һѼñסĴݣǸ޳ȴǰһһӲ˵Ŀⶼһ޳Ůϡ
һɫҲͣӳ߳һߴṫӣææǰǸŮ׷ȥ
ѩȵȣҺҽԺԺ죬Ҵ绰Ժǡ
һװĿ㹫Ӹһ׷һó绰š
ǰǸŮȴû䣬ֱҽԺ˹ȥ
һ˫ȣ޳𪣬ֻϥȴһɫɴȻ˵ԭ
ĴҴңɫţȻҽԺҪҪȥ


8 ҽ
ҽԺǿɣĵطİҲػϲãʽףʽϢÿһ˶ǲĴҴңɫããһӰ
˺ܶ࣬ԸԪɨһ۵ȴûж١еĿˣݺһ䡣ЩȻǱƭӸƭ˵ġ
ԼһСʱǰǽȥҽԺһŮһ˳
޳ŮӣɴѼñƺЩįˣһ˵˳һŵӡ
ѩûϵġڵ¹кܶҽѣһκòĸĲġҽԺҲûа취ǿȥҽԺ
ѩһװӽһֺõ顣
ѩɫ䣬Χһжû֪һ㣬ֻĿĵš
ʶԡ
ѩôҲû뵽䵽Լĸ׵ϣʮ갡ûü֣֮Ůлϥ£Ե޹ʻ赹˴ϣûʶ
һôѵҪһ
ѩ̧ͷԶϦһ̧ͷһž¾¶˳һӲ˵Ŀⶼ׷סΧһɧ
ۣŮҮ
ǰǲǽ̨̨ѩС֮һ
ǰأ˱ȵÿˣ㰡

ʱһ˹Ŀⶼֱ˵ѩϡ
ѩṫӸ绹һֺţѩȴǰøжûУһӦûС
ѩΪ˲ĸҲһˡҸطһٰɡѩѩ
ǿߴṫӸֺ˼䣬ȴѩĿ˲Զһӵϡ
˵ϣ۾ϴõľѵЬҲ˸¶Ѿһһؤ
ṫӸһ˿ŪҪ˵ʲôѩѾȥ
һʿѣѩ㲻ҲŰɡ
ṫӸæԪǰԪһ䲻мģ
ѩֽƭҼˡƭ˵ġ߰
ᷳ˵š
ѾڷﶨλӣҪѩһˡڱһƭӵ飬ﵱȻˬˡ
ûԼȥ԰ɡ
ѩ˵꣬ǰԪ
˻ûע⵽ѩȴú
ʱԪƺͱĽʿһȻãü֮ȴֱûеơʱʱʱȻͷð
ʦʦ
ɨɨббġΰٲĸ֣ѩһãϣѯ
һ˫鶯ӿԪǺС¶ѩ׵ıݣݣһˡ
ֻѩ˼飬ҲûпԪۡ
ԪʱУûע⵽
һƭӣѧװˣ
һЩͷɫһͻȻһֱ̧Ԫ˹
һſ̲߳ɵҪһʶôĽƭһѵһԵķ
ĽǶȺܵ꣬ǼѸ͵һҲ޷ܿû뵽һſҪ䵽ԪϵʱԪͻȻƣȻһӶĹƣ
ȻԪۣ˫һ˿γ֮ɫ
ʲô߿
ͻȻһţѩҲЩŭˣæǳһ䡣
ǰһƭӣҲò߱˰ɡ
Ҳôѹġѩ߰ɣƭŲõġǧǿ
ǶԼղһû˿ڸ֮ģԪһ䳰м̬
һƭӣƭ֪棬ܸʲôѩҲǵģôҲǽ̨һˣ˵ˣȴҪʲôƭӡҪǴ˳ȥԵ̨Ӱɶð
ԪղȷʵǳУûע⵽飬һţҲƽϡ
ԪĿ˶ǰŮϡ
ţѩӾˡ
һžµϢ̵ͦıӣӣС죬ÿһطϵ۾Ĵһ㣬˿覴
رļѩ񣬴ƣһ㡣ԪҲ΢΢סƬ̡
ܿԪָ顣ɫƽΰٲһˡ
ԪŲ³˰˸֡

ʲô
ԪĻѩɫһ䡣Ȼû뵽һƭôȻһھ
赱ӺƭΪǻ٢
ʱƿڴ
ͿԪ˳ˣ񾭾ģŪˡھȻⲻʲô
ңѩĸ׵Ĳ鶼ûʡҪǮѩߣ
ץԪһ㣬
ѩҲЩֻɡǲЩʲôʿģʵͶ·ˣűŽҵġ
ʦĸ׵Ĳ㶼û˽⡣ȷκ𣿺öҽԺҶȥˡϧûáͻȻԣڻڴѾһˡ֢ҲƵİ취𣿡
ѩǱòˣ˹
ΰٲֻҪûʲôͶκá飬ȸǮٸβİ취
Ԫʼ硣
ɹɲݣԪܴҲܹҽһοǵЩءڵ翴Ǿ֢ģȴʲô
ǣҪô㰡ϾҲСĿ
ѩҧӣС죬Щԥ
˰ٷ֮ʮĲԪӾǿ֮һϣҲԸġ
ѩ㻹ƭīʲôɣСӲǰΰٲҸȴȳˣܲκã
ƺԪˣһԪ˹һԪȴûжܣһͻȻһץסĽż⣡
㡭
ģȽŵû뵽ȻԪץסˡʹҪѳû뵽Ԫ־ͺһǯһ㡣
ôʹȴҲѲãɫһЩѿ
ԪҪ
ڿǵԼŮѩ棬ȴһȻǲˬˡϽԪˡ
ѩһ˫ȴһӿʼڣһֱڴԪܾԪֱûеơԪһץסĹƣӳԼжϡ
ģһΣڶΡʶģ͸ҹһȥ
ԪɫһһģһӾͽˡ
һ岽֮󣬽ϵľϢ
̧ͷԪɫ԰ѿҧأţŭ⡣
һĿ˹ɨء
ǣʱ˿̣ԪʵȴֲԪ֡
̣
һڵϣһʹĸо˹õһղԪôһģϵĹͷ˼
ѩͶ竹ûкøУԪѹѹҲá
ʵҽĻҲ顣ɣϲһ˿ȸ㽫˿ҽκãȻپҪҪβ鵤򣬲һӣҲһӡ
Ԫƽص
磬кܶʶİɹǲȥ磬ʶ̫٣ֻܹˡ

ԪĻѩһâղԪ磬͸¶Ÿ˵ѩԭȲŵģʱЩˡԪԸԼһԣȻԸˡ
ѩ˿Լϥϵ˿ڣǰҽԺСˤ˵ġֻڴŰɫ˿࣬ǲ̫ҽΡ

ѩҧ˺С죬ƺ˼ʲôһŵɡиһҽΰɡЩ̫㡣
ѩһ˫ɨɨϢȺֿ˿Լһ˫˿ȡ
Ԫ˼Ҫ˿࣬ȷʵЩãҲûзԡ
ðɡ
Ԫ˵ͷվˡڼ׬Ǯ꿵飬һһϾԼҽ˲ˡѩһƣʸ߹ģӦǸǮ
á
ѩݸһЦȾŶĿ˹ȥı͸ִŸ߸Ьǰ棬Եʡ
Ԫ۾ʱʱһ˫޳ɨʱʱǻԲ̵ͦɨ֪ڴʲô˼
ߣ
Ԫͷһƿһ䣬ʱȴû뿪Ÿȥ
ҪƭʲôϷʱ²̨һҪ
ȭͷյø죬һȳһյø˺档
ղűԪһ֣ŵڶЩʹ飬·һʹɫЩ


9 
ߵĿһ䰲ŵİ䣬ѩλϣ¶һ˫޳ȡȺ޳ֻҽŵϥǴȴһɴȴڲһ˫ȵʣ
ѩϣ΢΢ЩִٽţرǵԪǰʱ
ѩվţһ˫۾Ҫһ㣬رǵԪСѩһֻ֮ʱ


ȭͷսø졣
ѩ׷ĶеŮ׷ѩ£ѩֶûǣȴһ֪ĶĽƭӸռ˱ˣ
ԪѩСʱ̲סˡ
㵽ʲô£㣬Ҫҽѩϵˤˣ㵱㣡
ͷʶţϸ¶
ѩѾΪԼŮˣڿԼŮ˱ܵĽӴȻǲˬˣ
ԪɫһͻȻѩϸ㣬Ȼվ֣Ǹҷͣûβ
Ԫ
ʲô˵˭ǹ
ԪԽƽԽĮԽŭʢŭڵӣһͷҪԪȥ˺ҧĹ
˭ҽ˭ǹ
Ԫƽ档ûпһۡƽĻȴһ̣ģȴַáϾŮѩǰ
ˣȥû£
Ҫʱѩ˹лɫ
òһƺ׵ĴʦۿŸĸβһϣѩȻϣǰʦǲб¡ԿﰭְŵľЩˡ
ҡ
ǻŭȴַˣϾ׷ѩҪŭѩûкô
Ԫһۣ·𳹵׼Ԫģòһ㣬Ȼ˦˦ӣת˰䡣
һ˰䣬һĿࡣʱ򣬰ھֻʣѩԪˣйŮ
ʦԿʼˡ
ѩһ˫ӿԪҲ
Ͼǰ˿һʦʦƢǼŹֵģѩɲκһпҽԼĸ׵ˡ
š
ԪӦһȻֶȥٶѩһֻСɵ㡣
ѩһ޳ȣԪЩΪʲôôŭˡϾɫģѩŮ֮У֮ġرѩ̬֮У¶һʣѰŮ˿һӶѧģŮˣʵ˼Ʒ
һʼԼ̬ȺһЩԪҲ̫ԣҽѩ˿ڵ鶼Խ
ΪԪſԿѩ˼׷ѩ֮ģԪеġ
ԪһСˣ˭Ҫǵ;˭ù
ԪҲΪ͵ɨ󣬱㲻ٿˣ⿪ѩϵıһһ糤Ĳ˾ͳǰ

ѩҲܶţ˵ʲôһЩʿƭ֮ģƭ֪ŮԼԼѩЩġĻԥظһĽѵ
ĿȥȴԪӼ㣬ޱ飬רעøԼšһҲɫ֮ͽ
ѩӣСҧøˣһƬߺ콿ġ֪ΪʲôԪĶרע棬û˿аһѩҲЩǲԼˡֻԪɫƽһﲻϺûаһ㣬һһš
ѩܣԪҲ֪ġ
ϾõĵطеطҲľ룬ټϣԪַǻ羫ѪѪģԼһãѪӿȻѩܲˡ
ھĴε֮ѵġǰࡱˡ
ƺظһ㣬Ԫ˿
ʱѩҲ·һиһ㣬˺ϣͷϾȻ㺹ðˡ˵Ҳ֣ԪղôһúȻоԼһȺ˲٣˶˲١
Щ죬Ϊĸ׵Ĳѹֱ񾭣Ҳõͷһ㡣˶ࡣ
ʱٿԪһɫ㣬ޱģ֪ΪʲôԪβģѩͻȻһõġʦȻ˼˧
ԪûϢܿӻȡһöɹ׽һ£ȻѩһǺ˹һֱӽɹĹҺ˿ϡ
һ̵ĸоϴ˹ƺƤһ㣬õѩľһҪȣȴԪסˡ
ʱѩԪ۾סһ˿ڡ
ֻһطһˮðȻһ̵Ҳ˹Ѫ
һӣ
ӣ

ӹȥˣ˶û˵ȴһԪһ·ӣ˳˿ڵϷһ·¹ȥǹҺͬİ̺һȫˣ
ܿ죬һƬѩˮ۵ļͳǰ⻬ۣȻӤļһ㣡
찡
һĻѩ̲ס˳
ղﻹһİ̺۰Ųӵʱ䰡Ȼһ˿ϣˮ۵ļ
⣬ʲôҽ
ΪһˣѩҲǼʶ㣬ǿԪչ¶һҽ󣬻Ǳ𾪵ˡ
ǰ۵סӣҰС죬µ𺳵ɫþöû˵֪Ԫ˹
ѩС㣬Ӧҵʵ˰ɡҪĸ׵Ĳܼ򵥡ֻҪҾͿˡ
Ԫվɫƽһ˳ˣǮ֣Ҳǰ϶ˡ
׬Ǯǲװ


10 
ããá
ҲǱԪһֳ뻯ҽ𾪵ˣþѩŷӦ˵֡
лл㣬ʦȥȡǮɡ
ʶԪҽѩ˷ޱȡ
Դĸ֮ĴѰҽһһңûҵһҽĸ׵Ĳ
ҪΪ̨֪˵ҲתͶ̯ϵĽʦû뵽ԼͶҽȻײҵһʦ
ϲõȻ֪
ѩ߳˰䣬Ԫ
ѩôƭûжʲôɣ
潹ŵæȥһѩʱģһסˡ
ԭѩһֱ˪İڵ̨ҲʢˣһĨϣһӸ˼Ըġ˵һĻõסˡ
Ǻܿ뵽ѩԪڰͷʲôɫɷˡ
ѩĿеŮѩûǣڣһ뵽Ԫܺѩ淢飬ԪﶼҪ֪һʿͲʲôˣҪǳûռԼδŮ˵ıˣǾͿˡ
ûаˣһ£Щæ
ѩԪһԵţʹű˹ȥ
ôѩСǲƭӣѾ˹ˡʱԽץΣһһӣ
æ
˵ʲôҽκĸ׵ĲǮ
ѩûذһۡԪκԼĸ׵ҽԪѩڿǳĽúܣݲκ˵ԪĻ
֪Ϊĸ׵飬Һ͸ֽˡҵпǰĻ໨ĸ׵ĲϣǮ
ѩһҲмʮ룬ֻЩǮĸβˣͷһʱûǮҪҲῪǮ
㣬ƭӰУѩҲǮ㣬Ǹƭӣ
ʱ֪ĸˣȻܾѩ
ģѩһκòĸĲѾϵ˹õҽ»ٶǮûйϵǲܹЩʿ
ŵһ˵ţһƳԪ
ԪСǰԼһֱԸһζǮƭˡǱˣǮԪ򲻿ܡ
ðɡˡ
ѩһӱ˽Ǯ⻹ǵһΡȻԸ裬Ҳ˵תֱԪ˹

ԪһֱԶţޱ飬ȵѩĽŲʱתȥ
Բ𰡣ʦΪΪпˡղ飬ֻһ飬ʦܲͨһ¡ҹһỹġ
ѩһ˫ԪԴκǸ⡣
ʲô
ѩĻԪɫһ䡣һ˫۾Ҫһ㣬صѩ
ԪôһѩһͷŭʨӶһ㣬һս
ѩһƣµ·ҲиɡȻǮòôܣ
ԪǰѩһЩøУһӺøж˲併Ϊ㡣
ȻûǮΪʲôԼ˵ϹԼöˡ
Ҫֵ֪ƣһöҲöʮ򣬿Ů˾Ȼֻһ
ô⣬˭Ը
ģʣµһġֻòôǮǽ̨ѩ죬ߺ̨ҵġҵƬ
ԪĿһɣѩЩ̿ˣæԼƬ˳ݸԪ
ԪƳһۣȴûȥӣľȻ˻ͳһö
飬ˮ˺ȾͿˡ
ԪѩûƬ
ʱѩæһǮݸԪ
ʦһҪҡκĸ׵ĲĻһлġʦ
ѩڻֵ̿˵ţԪһǮĬתˣûнѩĻ˵ꡣ
ʦʲôסİ
Ԫתȥѩæ׷ʵ
óԪƺǮԼȴƭѩЩⲻȥ
ԪȴͷҲأֱˣѩվ
ߣеַһƭӶѣһƱûӰˡѵȥץ
ԪȥıӰͷʶţǸһ˿Ц⡣
֪ΪʲôһĻѩĪһθʱ򣬺鶼ûˡһöİɹͼæ˳ȥ

û뵽öɹȻֻһǮԪ˵ǿˡ
ˣǮ˵治ϲǷŮǮ
˿Ԫ˿գת´˹ȥ
û߼ԪӾΪԸоڸԼ
ĸ˶˺棬̽ͷ̽ԵģԪ߼⼸˾͸߼
ԪǸһ˿Ц⡣
ڵûеʲôˣ˸ղСǼԼǰŸճ˿ž˸˭
ԪҲװûзһ㣬·һʿ
ȥģ
Ԫ˸ʻλϣԱߵĵĸæѯʵ
ֻǰˡ
ԪɫƽĿʼ˺ӾϡӺӾȻǿĸ˹һʿ
Ԫĵʿǰһʿͽ˺档
ԪɫƽĿΧɨţŮŮ˶ű¶¶ؾ¶ȣǷˡ
Ȼֻһļ򣬲˵ĴŴ絹ͦǰġ
ʿһ·ʻʿǽ󣬿һƫƧĵطԪõĸͣ
ʮǮĵʿѣԪ˳ֱһ˽ȥ
ʿͣĸ˳Ϊһīװģƺϴ
үô죿
Աһ¿Ԫȥķæ
ǶסϣҪݾߡߣ
īͿһ֣˱ȥ
һ·ߣҹգ˲ʮӣһӾûԪӰ
ү˵ǰȻһͬ
أˣ
үսȭͷһȭǽϣǽȥ٣ٷĩ׷
Сƻû취ٽˣ
⼸Ҳҧгݡ֪ƢģҪûɣ϶ٲһٶ
ˣȻȥɣף
ͿϴүתҪȻȥ˭֪һͷȴһͦݵӰվǰʱɵͫһ
ΪʱǰˣȻԪ
Ԫƽվţޱ飬ȴǱޱȣͻȻǰõү˶һĪֲõԤУ
˿ԪĴֿͣ˿ԼߵƣүϸЦҡ˹ȥ
СӾȻԼˡΧ
үһ֣ȥһӽԪΧ
ǿؽƸĴ֣ʵúܣرүֱĸһֱСһ
Ԫ˳ȥ󣬾Ȼۻ˾ǲ֪ߵغ
Ԫû˵ֻƽľӣ֮ѡһͬҪסү˵ĵ·
ĸɷĴְΧ˹ɱ׺ݱ¶ţ󣬿׳˶үҲԪǰժīĿһ˿⣬ͻȻŭһϣ
ȻŭһĸӰһԪȥ



һȭ֮󣬾ǹϵ죬Ĳҽ֮ӵʱ䣬ĸؽȦĸִʱһһſ˵ϣס˸첲ȣڵҽ
˱Ӷˣ۾ˣضݺѪ
үǱס棬һţٶŤ¶һ亹
ղŵһ˲֮䣬ƺûôԪ֣Ǿ͵ˡʱ˿̣ԪȴɫƽޱȣղǷŰǵ˲һ㣡
Ԫһһү˹ÿһεѹͬһɽַ·һǱ񣬿үһëȻڲš
ġ
үţĵ˳һɲǣԪһžһүϣ󼸿ݺѪɽ˳ȥү˫һףһε˹ȥ
ʱԪһĨץ˼ʮëүү˳Ȼǧ죡
Ԫ΢΢һЦ˿ڴ
ո˰ɹŵõһ飬ԼģЩһЩҲǺõġ
ԪһתĿ˹õʣµɪɪƺʲôæԼһģŵضֵǮĶƱֱֻп׷˳
ԪҲû˵ͷһëүү˻ȻҲٿЩƵĴ֣ȥˡ


11 
ĳҽԺʵѩҴҴӳҽԺ߽ȥ
ǿͦεĹ˺档
һߵڣѩƿţһ̱Ũҩˮζ˱Ƕ
ڲϣһɫ԰׵ŮˣԱһмӣѩˣ̧ͷϡ
ѩûȥӣֻԱߣһҩӣʼ
壡
ȴæȥһϲɫ
˰죬
϶Цݣֺգһܵģ
̸ֽһǻ졣
ѩȥҿѩ
˵ţ˵ţͻȻعͷѩѩȴԹԵذҩûӡ
ӵɫһӳ
ڸ˵ûСﵷţǣһЩʿĻҲţԽԽˣļҵ㶪ˣ
һĿ˹ϣҲѹȶ
㻹֪ļҵˣأʲôҲûһΣȴ黨ǲݣڶļҵڶļҵ
ѩתЩ
ǰһˣϤȴİ֪ʲôʱʼͲԼĸߵĴͿɽˡʼڹȨƣɫȮԼʮŮˣŲˡôòŹһΡ
㻹ָңТŮҸ㣬Σ㶼Ҫȥңȥ¸¾ͺǼǽ飬£ֲ
˵꣬һ˦ӣתȻȥ
塣塭
æ׷ȥһȰģ壬ʱ̫죬ѩһʱܲңĸأѩҲû飬硭
ʲôѵƼһӲѹһӲôҵĴ飬ֲӦ
ĳ˵꣬תŭȻ뿪ˡ
һӰѩվȻΣһȻ
ˣȥСǳԵĴȰױˣİˣÿˣΪԼ;㿷֮Եڴ궼һΣԼŮҸԽס
ѩֻֻĸоӺ󱳲ðһɺ⡣
ѩ
ѩһȻ׹ģæȥҪסѩ˭֪һѱѩƿ
߿
ѩ̧ͷһ˫䶢šҲĳô׵ġѩֻԼָѩЭԣ
ѩƿҩǰʼҩ
ѩĻһ˫Ҳ͵һ鴤ȭͷսˡ
һ٣ٶܾңѩġܻЭġŲ֪ļҷʲô°ɡ
ͷʶһ£ǸЦ⣬ܿȴֱһº͵ģ
ѩȻĽ㣬ģҾԲǿҲǿĲҼǱߣҶȥ˵ģҲеһѹҲ㲻Ըѡ񡣡
˹ڱؿѩ
Ļѩһܿ컹Ǽҩ
һһöɹͳװˣһɫҩ˳ɢŨҩ㡣
ѩë֪ΪʲôһӽޱСƺһҩһ㡣
Ǿĸ׵Ψһϣ
ʵɹҩѩǴźܴĻɡϾĸ׵Ĳ飬ҽˣһһ޲ߣôһʿͿκõء
ѩӣСϣҲҪȫһԡ
ѩֻǽеƭѡĲֵһšѾ˹ȥǽƭˡֻҪҩûãҾʹ
ѩԱߣ
ʲô
Ļѩһҩ˳ȥһ˫Ƴ俴һֹۣȥ
ĸǰᱧĸ׵ӡɫô԰ףŲʮ꣬ͷȴˣϳơ
ʱ򣬾֧ңڸʵʱ֧İƣ׷ɻڴˣȴһ˹
ÿһοĸ㲿ģѩһʹͬʱҲһɺ⡣
ǶǸĳ˵ĺ⣡
ѩҧ˺ӣȻȥ̧˲ĸ׵ͷὫһҩ˹ȥ
ĸѾôãⲻ֪ҽˣȴûа취
ѩΨһϣһҩˣֻϣһҩܹκĸ׵Ĳɡ
ҩ˹ȥĸſ죬һҩͺȥ
һҩĸɫ԰׵˴ϣʱѩ򾲾Ա߿š
ѩһŵģ޳ֶսˣ߳亹
ǾԼĸΨһϣ˰
ȴ˼ӣĸ˴ϣһûκѵļʱںһֱЦŵ
ѩ˵ˣֻǸʿѡֵŵġҺֻһǮ
ɫЩ⡣ͿˬˣڿҩûãȻ䳰ȷĸо
ѩҲһԭò׵ϣ˭֪ȴˡִ֪
һɫ԰ף͵˵ϡһ˫ӻؿŴϲ԰׻Եĸס
ѵĸҪһӻڴ
ѵĸҪһԼΨһں˰
ѩỨ˸
ѩҪʱͻȻڲϵŮ۾
ʲô
ѩһ⣬ЩԼ۾Ȼ㿴ڴϵĸףָ˶ƺڹʲô
裡
˺þãѩȷǰһĻʵġᶼ˵ĸ׵Ĳ˹ȥȻһץסĸ׵֣ʱҲ̲סʧ
Щһ˶٣ֻԼ֪ôԼĸףһѲĸˡ
ѩҲ̲סˡϲᡣ
⡭
һĿⶼˣæʹ۾
˻Դ¿˴ʱڲϵĸֻʱ˿ѾۣȻЩɫ԰ףȴԻָʶ
˵ĸϵĲ飬ҽѧԽ֢
ôһӺˣ
ܿһ˿ŹֵĹâ
ǰһֱΪԪֻһƭӣڿȴ
Ȼܹɽһҽ϶޷⣬˲򵥡
֮Уһҹ˾ӪҩƷģȻ֪ҩļֵڡҪ֪ŹֵĲ֢ܹĻ
һõҩǼֵ϶Թġ
һ뷨ܿѿˡ

ңô
ĸ۾˿ѩ۾Щʵģģ塣һֻ֣ѩ
ʱҲ˳ѩչĸϡ
ɵӣô˰
ĸ۵ؿѩ
Լĸ׹Լѩ޵øˡץסĸ֣Ϸſˡ
裬֪衣
ѩ˹ȥסĸΪԼĸһѲأˣֻ綼йˡ
̫ˣĸѹˡ֪ѩʱൣ㰡ȥҽ㿴
˵꣬תȥˡ
˲ɫһתͷȥȴүһվſڣҽȥηη
ţүʱȴǱףݶ˼
ô£
ɫһܿʲô
ǱˣҲǸٵС¶첻ã
ɫøˡ
ԭֻҪѵһԪڿԪóҩǶ֮ġ
ңһֱ棬˭֪ˡȻȻǾͱ
үΡΡšҿ
ûõĶҼҡζҪҵСӣ
սȭͷ
ԪҪѵˣͬʱԪͷҲӵб
ȥ
һŵ
ˣүˣ⡭
үηηؿ
оȥСҰǱȻȥ˵
ػ˻֣үæܿˡ
ҽ飬ĸˣҽԺҽˡǹ֢ʲôҽ߳ȻĹֲҲκ˰
һһҽ˹Ȼ˲ٵļߣȴѩϳȥˡ
ѩ˴ĸ׵ϢҲǰٸн
ͻȻʲôæǰһ˪Ҳñ
ѩ˹ҲоЩڨڨЦ
Ѵʦôˣ
ѩؿ
ǰΪĸѹѩϲͷûüˡúúһʡ
Ͷģ
ѩңҲǹģΪСƭӲȥСû£Ҹٹȥ˶ˡ
æ
ô˵ˡ
ѩһ˫ϴţҪȴ־ûҪˣΪǣԼʲô
ֻԭǷǴʦǮȴֺǴʦ˸٣ѩޱȡ
ԺһҪҵһʦҪǮȥҪúõغ˵Ǹء


12 ȥѧУ
öɹ˭֪ȴֻ׬һǮһԪ˵ʵǿˡ
תγȷû˸Լ󣬲ŻصԼķӡ
簵ӿɱķ˵ҲһرˡеС飬Сìܣͺ޲ýɱˣѪĹͷ
Ԫ£ֻǲô鷳˷ʱ䣬ú̫ˡô˵ԼҲһߣһЩ۷̥˼ƽϣԵʧݺȡ
صԼķ޽ûڼңӦϰȥˡ
Ԫ飬˿ֻʣҺˡһҺȣһ˰ɹ
иֵܼı׶ˣһˣҪߵҺܻҪڱ򻹺һ㣬ܲ죬ߵҺ塣
ϡĵ磬ûи¸ɲ㹻Һ塣
һޣȡһҺ󣬵ڶõʱøˡ
Ԫȡһöɹȡһöȣʱ򣬱㽫Һֱȥ
ܿɹȷ׷ðһƬƬҶɢԪתڴ߶һ£򿪱䣬£óһ޿ɿڿֺһڡ
ȡ
һ޿ɿڿڣųθԪ˶ֻޱȡֱˬ
ĿƼչòʳƷҲɿڡû죬ԪͰ˿ɿڿζ
һǰɹ³ˣ֦ҶïԪ˹ȥæʵȡ˹
һջöɹöȡ
ֻʣҺˣԪԴ۵ؿһۣǽöȷֽҺȥ
ɹԵģƣͬʱҲβ׬ǮԪ˵Ҫ
ȣȴ
ΪڲŲڵԪ˵ҪҪ
һԪѾյˣָһͷ˳ȥ
ٿһ£˳ȥǵȥȡҺˡ
Ԫϣööȡ
ԪЩɹȲ˻óһöȣȣۣ˵ϣ붨
ɹȣݣú㣬ҪгɣݻԶԶ
ÿһ׶ΣҪͬݡ磬Ȼһڸݵġ
ֻѰҪˡ
ΪԪ֣ڵٷ֮ʮŵ˶ġһЩͨԵ鼮ķʽѰңѶȺܴ󡣿ֻԼΪ߱Ѱˡ
ԪתţܿһɫˮԪͷðԪĺȳƣڱ֮䣬һϢ³һĻҪǱ޽㿴һҪΪԪʲôаˣ
Ͼ⶯ϢģаŹʲô

һһõöȡʣöԪС
Ԫվ˫Ŀо˸˴⣬ǰ˹ȥ
ʵɫ£һ¥һٶףԪȻܹڴ֮һֻССſ棡
Ҫ֪ûǰԪ΢أһȻõ˴
ԪĶ䶯˶ΧϸСһӱ
ԶСеĽŲ
һһԪĶ¾ϸ˵ذϵԪҲܹ
Ըıǿǿǿڸй档˴඼棬ÿЩ۹ĿһһԽԽԽԽԽԽҲ͸Ŷˡ࣬ƽҲʮɡǶݵһ
ʵǿģԻǧꡣߵ̫Сˡǰͬ꼻һ֡
Ԫ̾˿ҲڵŮ˵һشԭ˲أһʲô˼
Ԫṳ́񾳽һżĻҲ͵һˡ
ԪݵҪһӰһ𹲶ȳءӿ̿
ٶٹ죬ҾͿԴﵽڡʱ򣬾͵ѰһԵݽдǲСڻȥǧǮȥɡʵûǷŮǮϰߡ
Ԫ˿ɫ
ˣҲõѧУϿεʱ䡣
ԪһǮɴõľѵ¥
棬Ѿǰ˾ŵˣԪһʿ´ѧУš
˵ʿԪֱ꿵Ů¥˹ȥУ԰ܴԪһ߻ŵ·һǰš
лҲѧУ
ǰʲôˣô
ףǸҺʶǸԪأ

Ԫ·һ߽ȥ˷׷ָָϾڴҶŹʱԪƾɣȻܵ˵ڸ
ԪҲûǣʲô·Լɣ黹ֲܡ

ܲãԭϿεʱ䣬ȴſ˴ϲֻؿ̨⡣
ﻹŮҲûȥϿΣһʷֵģǸԻһƬզզţǰһʳӡ
һǳֻġ
Ի椣˶꿵
꿣ôЩԾءǲȥˣ
ĸ߶ƻһģ⽫һ˫޳ȸ˽ȥ
Ϊ꿵ĻȦĵ޺۾ͻӼʮ
СƯ𣿡
һ״̬һһһ۾ˢ˳
ۣƯ
ǰƯֽ
ȣôĴȣ϶ֻǼ꿲ˣ

һһһ۷˳ȴ̸꿵ģЩۣ졣
һȺɫǣ֪˴ȣ
һֽղŷƬɾˡ
˵˺ɫ㻹ô¶
ʱǿŵĺ椻عͷ
ཱུģ۾ȴͬƶһСһͨԵ÷Ŀɰ
Уﴩñ¶ҪЩе˯žϲ˿ΣʱԲ񣬱ʦмҳǶǺɫĳͷ
ͦͦԼEֱظžӵ
һȻм
˰ɡض¶Ҳֻϲ꿡
ȴһʦص
Ų͹ӳȥ㱼Ȼ֪֪ж׷Ұ
˷ȭݺ˺椵ϡæţ
һңŮӣȻ˵żЩСìܣദȴǺܺõġ


13 Ů
ԪӲҲУ԰ţٳСУ԰ЩŮŮЦ֣һԶС͵͵ֺ죬Ԫǻ̲סԼӰĵεΡ
ͷŪ÷ͬӳСӲ¡
ʱԼӰҲĥİɡǣЩվΪԺļ䣬Ȼӡÿ̹ģȴҲץסҲ
Ԫ
Ԫ˵׷֮ʱһͬʨһ㴫˹һõΧڵ˶һһСŮӣŵ̲趼˵ϡ
˷׷ѭһ˻˹ȥȴһOLװԸŮ˫ֲվ
׸߸Ьθһ°Ǻ˿խȹϰǺɫСװķɽ˶󣬳ֳߡֻһžµȴǲŭҲǳŵϴԪ
һԸеŮˣͬʱҲƺһ׺ǿƵŮˣ
˪˵еıŮʦҮ
˵һλһװ˾ŵסԺأǱ
ǰ㿴ģҪˣ˵ÿһαߣѧˣˣһһϵ군ˣǿ㿪

һһ۵˹ͬĿⶼԪϡ
˵´ѧĸʦƯԸУеͬѧͬ˵һ𰸣Ǿ˪
Ҫ´ѧĸʦû׷ͬѧĴȴҲ˪
˪ƯԸУ⼸ǹϵġıҲѧУ˲֪˲
Դѧ̣Ҫϸ񣬶һѧĻǺǷǳֲġ
һѧȣסԺҹ
һ֪ߵغʦȻ׷˪ɲ֪ʲô飬Ȼ˪Ӷ¥ˤȥҪвݵţʦ¶Ҫˤһˣ
ӴԺ˪ıŮžѧУҲû˸׷˪һЩѧ˪Ƿ׷׶󿴵èһ㡣
û뵽쾹Ȼѧײ˪ǹϣ˪˪ʢڵģƺһѧҪùˣ
ԪվţһӵģĽʼɷİȻĵŮˣʱ˫ֲ˫ĿԲķŭӣ΢΢Щ
Ԫӡ֮УŮˣرƯԸеŮˣһǺעԼʵģû뵽˪ȴȫǷ֮
ôʦ
Ԫ޺ȥ
Ǽûˣ˪ԼôӦҲԼɡ

ô֪֪Ҫ߿ˣȻʧԪǲǰɣ
Ԫ˪һ⼴߿ʱ̣˶ֶ룬ԪȻΡһξǼ죬˶Ҳ
ΪԪμӢʦ˪Ȼˣ˫ֲüëҪˣ
԰Ҿǲء
ǰԪµľⱩŮ˪ÿһο˪ΨΨŵŵģڵԪȴһҲ¡
ߣķ˸ʲô
˵ʲô
һ˱ըϢ˪ﶼŭӿˡ
ˡ֪֪˵ʲô㻹ܸʲôԪ֪ѧϰɼãҲܹԱ쿼ûϵٿ֮Ҳҵѧκη뷨飬μӸ߿ұ뿼ϴѧ
˪һ˵룬Ȼ˹һסԪĸ첲ԪԼѧ¥߹ȥ
ŮʦҲ湻ģ
ԪҪվŲû뵽ŮʦȻó棬ĸ첲ϸ޳ȴ˻ҪõԪΪ΢΢
߰ҵĻҲ𣿡
˪ʹԪȴԪһɽһعͷˡʹ˳̵ҪԪߡ
Ԫǲˣڿ˪һģȴЩΪˡ
Ͼ˪ĳҲǺõģϾһ˵ĺʦԼڴͥھܾĻϹҲȥ
ңԼֱܾŮĿԸ񣬿»ҪԼݡ
ˣȥ챻ѵһ٣ԺҲˡ
Ԫһ룬һ͸˪ȥ
˪ڱ߷ŭıԵأźݺݸԪһ£û뵽ԪȻˡ
˪ŭһЩԪԼ칫˹ȥ
˪ƢܴѧУ쵼Ѿҹ̸üˡ˪֪ԼΪʱǹһЩԴסԼЩʱ򣬻ˣѹѹסղŶ̶Ƭ̣ѾԪֵ˼ҪԪˣһŸ߸ЬԪ߹ȥ
һ·˪˰칫ңţ˪λϣȻһϷԪǰ
㿴Щ׿Եľӡ˵ԪɼҲ㡣㲻ŬҾҪ˵ˡ
˪ЩӴ򿪣澹ȻһŰ׾ȫ㵰

ǰԪҲ̫˰ɡ߰ŹΣȻ㵰ѹ˪ôءǡ
㿴ӢԾĳɼ⼸⣬ڿϽģأûС
˪ָԾԪԪţš
һӢ֣ѿˡ治֪ڵô֡
磬Ҳиֵֹ֡Ǵ඼ʹõ֡ҲǺ͵ĺֲࡣ
Ԫ֮󣬶ڵĺֽںȫûа⡣ӢԪЩͷۡ
˪һ˵ʦԪľӽһСʱ滹ٵıע飬Ȼ˾ĵ׼
ԪǰҵҲ˪˳ע
ԪҲ΢΢Щп˪ȻһŮ񣬵˻ͦģٹǺܸεġ
˪ٸΣģԪҲΪжȥúѧϰ
ԪֻϽ뿪ΪоԼĶ䶼Ҫˡ
֨
ԪҪ뿪ʱ򣬰칫ҵķƿˡһ۾ݵģģЩ˽
ʦҲڰⲻԪ㻹ûѧ
һ߽ƳԪһۣȻ۾˪龢ϡ
˿ȣɽʣ˪˰칫ޱȡ
˪۾ʦһۣûлػ̵Ԫ
ԪҲûͷžӡ˪ȻƢһЩӼһЩȴдòġ㣬Ըر
Ԫʦǿ㡣Ҫúѧ㰡ѧǿϵġ˳ҵˡ
˪ûднĿԪϡʼԪˡ
ҿҲѧͦġϧԳɼǲС㻹治Ƕϡ˵ʦʵÿ˶ԼˣеѧҲҪʵһ£ܹ֤༶ҪСʧ󰡡Ϊһʺһ࣬ûбҪ
۾лת˪
˵ûУ
еûû˵Ĵʱһֱŵ˪̲סˡ
һ̧žһϡʱӶζ
Ųˮ˪ôһţһڲˮǺ˽ȥֱӴӱˡʹæס˱ӣʹٶŤ
ҵѧҵ£ֲܡҲҰκһѧ
˪˫ֳϣ俴ǰѵΡͺһͷĸʨһ㣬˶ëȻĸо
ѧУѵΣҲŵòᡣ
һˮǺ˱ͷｫˮ³˭֪˪һĴϣ
һһӾ̵εĺϣ
ϣ
̵θոսǺȥˮ³˭֪һӱⲣ˺ԣʹòҽһԶһ
һ˸ͷˡû뵽ֻ˵˼䣬ͳ˸ôѹ칫ûһ˸׷˪أ
ããҲ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
̵ƺҲ˪ˣæӵͨ죬Сһţͷϣ϶ǲҶˮһǱվ󣬾͸Ͻ뿪
ڿ˪Щ¡
һתææ߳ȥ˭֪һžͲȵذʪĵطȻһӻȥ
ϣ
вҽһԴ˵ذϡԭֻǱҳһĴָСİһشʹᶼҪˣ


14 
ͺ椵ǿȰ˵£ȥ緹ˡֻɫЩ԰ң˿΢΢Щңȴĸо
м䣬ͺ椸һߣŮһ߳¥˲˵Ŀ⡣
´ѧУһȻע⡣ԱߵҲͬʾͦͦӿɹһ˵Ŀ⡣Աߵĺ椣ˣֻӷ׵ɨһۣͺɵϣҲû뿪
꿣ңǲԪǸ˵ˣ
ס꿵ֱۣЩŭʵ
ȥԪ֮󣬾ͲԾˣȻܹһЩġԪûʲô鷢仯
ûаԪ
ҡҡͷϲ˵ԪĻһ仵
˵ǡԪ˭ܹǣҶǰ治֪Сʲôõġܹ´ѧһУĶ
졣ԪһøжûУݣɼֲҪǾȻŮǮˣӺƲģ
ÿһκһȰ꿲ҪԪ뿪
Ԫû˵ôòá׼˵˺ܺãȻɼãԺһ
ҧҧĿȴᶨ
·СʱԪԼ±ԼģǸʱ꿾ͷԼһҪ޸Ԫ
Ȼϴε飬ԪЩˡҲܴʲôԪﷳءȹ죬ˣ֪Լ˵ˣһԼġ
꿶Ԫġ
㰡
̾˿֪ԪѾ꿵ۣҪԼ˵ԪѶûеˡȻԸĳЩ棬ȴǹִúܡôһֱϲԪͿԿóһ԰ִŮˣ꿵ۡ
֣ѧУʳ˹ȥֻǻûѧУʳ棬һӴСͻȻ˹һ꿵˵ǰ
꿴Ůþò
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ȻУǸģȴڲסˮܽأȻȥΣ˿һۣƲ۾
治֪һ崿ˮĴŮӵϻһʲô顣
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ⲻСܰΧ˹æȥǵ
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һ崿ɷУ꿣һǷԸеãŮɶǶɵ
ֻѾԤˣЩСܿõġŮͲһˡ
Ǹʣ궡촽ԽЦˣҲʲôֻٽգҪԼһ꿹ȥѡ꿴ŮٵԼӦòܾɣ
ⶡĿϡ
ʲô
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ⶡĻ˶ɫһ䡣
٣ɲѰˣ´ѧһ١ƽͷϲСǿŮ顣
ƫƫ󱳾ûܶԸǰ˵ȻϷһʦŮʦ߳ŭ浽У칫ҡ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻŮʦˡԴԺ󣬾û˸ҺˡرŮӣ٣ߵġΨֱ֮
پȻעϡ
꿣ô찡
һȴһѰĻ죬ǲ£󺰼ͻб
ڶԷٵˣ¾ԼɤҲ˹ˡʱ򣬷۸ԼЩֺ̿¡
ҧҧӣʵٶѾһˣǲǣû뵽ˡ
ȥ
˵һ䣬ҪƹǶ뿪˭֪һϾͽ꿸Χס
ԶΪ׵ĸ죬ŰΧУõ˸벻
ⶡһЦÿ꿡Ц⣬˶ëȻĸо
˵شŮǼ㣬Ǹӡ㲻ȥҲȥ
ǰһؿ꿣һ˹õ꿲ɵúһʱҲæΧ˹ŰΧм䡣
ҧ⼸Ļ죬ȴֲ֪Ǻá
ϾֻһŮӰô⼸׼ĻĶ֡
ĿɨɨΧΧȴһһæͷȻٵŸŵûһ˸Ϲæ
ĸˣ۸һŮӡ
һĻ´ѧš

㱻Ů˪߶ʱԪڽˡ
˪ԼӢ飬Ԫ߳˰칫ңظ˿ٱ˪˵ȥ䶼Ҫˡ
Ȼ˵һ˪ƢԸǱһЩܵ˵ȴǲġ
ԹѧǺܸεġҲ㲻лۡ
һѧУͱⱩŮˡ¶ûȥ졣ڿˣ˳ԷʱȥʳóԸ˳꿰ɡ
ԪϲǷǮرǲϲǷŮǮȻҪ罫Ǯȥˡ
Ԫ˽ѧ¥󣬾ʳõķ˹ȥʳ棬ͿڶߵһյΧˡһһ￴ʲôġ
Щ֣ԪûжȤ֪ԼĿǰΨһҪǾʵô֣ûҪ
ѧУУ군ˡ˭ǸԶأ
ǰһ绨İҪˣ
ǿǵŮ񰡣

Ȼ۵ԪŲһ
У꿣
ԪתͷȥȺܼĵطһ˿ɫ
Ȼ˵ûŮ֮飬ǵҲһĵŮӡԪȻܹȥ꿳¡
ԪתȺܼķ˹ȥ
һһҲԽԽˡ
û˴绰Ů񰡣۸𣿡
ˡ˵ѧУܣѧУ˵ҹܣ˵ô죡
ôǸġҲǡǿٰϵǿĳġУҲҴˣ˭ҵˣҲպ󱨸
ǰˣˣǿɰ崿˵УҪˣ

һ˹Χ۵˵ԽԽ࣬ȥ꿵ȴûһ
Уһһ㣬Ⱥǻţ᧿ΣΧȴûһܹΪվ


15 
˵شŮٲԹԸȥĻֻܶˡ
Ƕһ˫ɫԵ۾꿸ϴ˴֣Ҫ߹ȥ
һƦһŮô죬ֻҧšΧųȴûһվ
ǰܵ۸ʱԪվԼñˣҲúûԼԪ񶼲ѧˣô֣
һ꿶оԼ˳׵֮УᶼҪˡ
Ǹٵֶ֪ģҪǱȥˣôȴԼĽǡ
һ룬꿾͸о£
ģǼ٣϶ĺġ
ʱǶһֱץȥ
ֻһֻûץ꿣ͣ˰УһǯӸסһ㣬Ȼˣ
ʲô
ⶡɫһ䣬عͷȴԱ߲֪ʱȻһƾɾѵıͦӣһĿؿԼ
Ԫ
̧ͷԪʱһ˿ϲ顣һӾԪȥסԪ
ԭʱ򣬶֪Ǻã˭֪ʱԪȴְ
龰ͺСʱһĻһ㡣
ᶼˡÿһԼΣյʱԪվԼ
Ԫ
ʱͺ椵ĿҲԪϡ
üͷһס˺ӣԴž𾪣ǰҲ
һֱΪԪֳ˶ѡˣųû£ֻ֪վŮ˵ı
ǣ⼸죬Ȼվˣ
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ΧһЩ˵ĿҲǷ׷Ԫϡ
ԪѧУʱ򣬾˲Сĺ䶯Ҷһõļһָָ㣬ΪԪһؤ
û뵽ΣʱԪȻվ˳
ǿķ𾪺͸оԲλࡣϾһؤҳͷȴվһҶⲻʲô֤ؤ
ⶡԪץסˣǯӸǯסһ㣬Ȼˡ
ʹ˳̵ҪԪѿôʹûа취
Ǻ죬һɫӶŤǰԪȴɫƽޱȡվţ϶ؿ
񣬺Լͷ·һһ㣬Ųмõöջ
ô˵Ҳٵĸ֣һû˸ҲأֱԪץסˣѲãûӣ
Сҷſ
ⶡ
Ԫס󣬻һоԼĹͷҪˣʹᶼˡ
Ԫץס󲻷ţƽؿ
ԪԽƽԽõⶡоëȻ嶼ڶһ㡣·ǰǰԼѾһˣһ׾Ϳһ㣡
㣬Ÿʲôϰ
ôҲ޷ԪѳȥæԱΧ۵һ
Χ۵ĻŻȻһ㣬͵ŭһԪ˹
ſϴ󣬰
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žžž
ֻԪȴûлͷһۣһɨžžžĶ
컹ûü˵ԪϣǱص˳ȥ
ԽԪͣ⵹ɳȥԽԵǱ
һ䵽ĵطˤһȣһֱӹϣϲһƤһùԪһȷɳȥһͷֱײͰĿϣȻͰ͹һ·£˳ŵ·˳ȥ
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ԪȷɳȥĻʹҽЪ˹Ҫжҡ
һĻ˶ɫһ䣬һһɴ۾ȵ˵ʱ˿̣Ԫͺڿһһ
һֱȷɳȥ죬ʵҲ̫̬˰ɡ
ֱֻڵӵӰܿİ
ָ֣

⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ŀ࿴
ǰԪָָΨһһʡ
ǰǻΪԪֻһؤڿȫһ˰
С˭̫˧˰ɣ
ǰ㿴ϴ·и԰㰡
ǰ˶·ģʱа
ʵ̫˧ˡ˵˲򵥰ɣ˲¶࣬¶಻˰
ҷе㰮ˣ

һһ˹ĿԪϣųݺĽ
꿸ϲĪΪԪϿǰӰˡ
֪Լϲ˲䣬һֱԼġ꿴ʱͺһ㣬յؿԪȻһƾɵľѵǣʱ˿̵ԪԵôߴ˧
ӵаȻΧǰɽøˣֱ
һӣԪӡҲõ˳׵ĸı䡣
MENҪ˰
˫ﶼҪյˡʱΪʲô꿶Ԫ
ԭİˣ˵꿣ԼҲϲ
һ˫۾ҲԪϣʻŭšԪ꿵ѵĻ¶̲סȥһӵ
Ϊʵ̫˧ˣ˧˶ЩѳֲסԼ

Ԫɫƽûа飬һĻȴһĸо
ǰǶȴˣϣϣȻ˳
Ͼղֻһƾֱӳ죬ʵֲ̫ˣ
ɫҺޱȣ˳£ܿ콫ĿӸʪˡǴʱ˿̣ⶡԪӲš
㣬Сӣ𣬱ţңҸ㣬ңҿٵˣ㣬ơ
ⶡû˵꣬Ԫɿ֡ͨⶡһԵ˵ϣ˫ȶڷš
ȻŵӣԪɲ뱻ЩŪԼԷſ
ƵҪ鷳ǰɡ
Ԫ϶ؿŶ
ǣǣٿƼҵүû˸Һаġ㣬Сøҷʵ㡭
ⶡΪٵĴŻԪ̲סƤ׳
áȥƵġ꿣Ҳκҡţ
Ԫ˹ȴű䲻˷ϡ
Ȼҽа٣
һɫ˱䡣Ԫžɫ
ٲ´ѧѧϵһ졣ϵֱһƼȭԪھȻֱӽа٣
ҪϻǴù
򲻹ϻϻҪ˵İ


16 
Сӌűˣ
˶Ԫһ¿Ҫ֪ǿ˭ǵĽɫԪСӾȻҪٹ
ʲôǰ
㣬С֣ܣ
ԭΪԼϴ٣ԪͻẦ¡˭֪̬ȷǿˣ
ǶɫԽԽ̣ҧҧתܿˡȥٹˡ
ԪٲǺöԸġǿ߰ɡ
ȥˣæԪߣԪĸ첲
ɲԪΪԼ顣
û¡鷳ʡպɧҲá
Ԫʼ磬һνģ
һ۷׷ס˶û뿪ȻҪȵȿպôչ
Ҫ֪ٿ´ѧһ԰һ˵˺üꡣ
У쵼û취Ԫܹѹס
϶ŻɡϾԪҲֻһˣ߿ʮ˰
ʮˣһһŵν˫ȭѵ֣ȺŹҲס
˶Ԫ˶ЩԪȴʲô鶼ںһһطȻϢ
ţ
Ԫɫƽģ˰ĴָӴģȴûмӴġ

ȫԣʮϵݺὭڶʮ꣬Ѿһϴˡ
һƼȭʩչûһ˴ʮ⡣
ǰЩʱտ꿣һŮԲŻԼСȥҪ꿡
ʱ˿̣KTVںžƣű¶Ը޵ľưɹΧݺ裬㣬ò
վ˸ĺ±ڣο࣬˫ĿȻһһĸ֣
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ʱ򣬷űײˣײײ˽һǱٵǰ
ӿ˹ȥɫ
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ңû꿣и۵£ңұˣ˵Ҳһ򣡡
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ָһ̱˳ȥһĻߣȻһ㲻ʮ׿һͷ
ٵĸֱѧ䣬ִܣûء
٣ȵҰ
ȵҰ٣
ﳤȥǶûϣæһһߴ

꿻Ǻܵġٵֶ˵ģ˶ɱʲô
ҪȥȰԪϽ뿪Ԫﲻߡ꿶ûа취ˡ
ϲԪԼԪ鰡һӼòˡЩԸԼץȥˣ
ˣ
꿵վʱһۼ⺰һ
ʱһĿⶼŴϿ˹ȥ
ֻУſһɫʻ˹һһȻ
Ⱥ׷óһ·ܿͣȻӺ浽ǰ棬һŴ򿪣
һһź¾װĸߴ˳һ߳Ȼжʮ֮࣡
찡ˣȻôƣ
ǰ㳲ˣˣԪҪ군ˣ
ǰǿԶ㣬𱻰ˣ
ˣˣϵҲûܾȵˣ

߳Щ±ڣУ԰˶ƣǻûмء
ʮ±˳󣬱һ˵һǰ
ʱһͦΣ˳˫Ŀݣ˺һƥһ㣬һ־ɷ֮˿һ۶ٿ
Ŀڳһɨϣ΢΢һЦȻ䵽˾еԪϣ
һĿ⿴˹Ԫͬʱ۾ĿӴԶԶţ
Ԫֻƽվ


ȫһƬ˵ĿⶼԪϣΪҶ֪ǳԪģ
ƣʮˣȺŹǸ˶ñɣ
ԭΪٴô˹Ԫܣû뵽ԪȻ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ԫ˹ȥ˶һ¡ԪǴžš
һˣܹȥʮˣ㶺˻ôˣ
ŮǰͷҲɡԼװư
ʱӦܰĶ˶Ķܣɵɵ͹ȥ
ˣСҪŰˣҪȣ
ԣٿģȶҪˣ

ʱһһ˹ȻǺܶ˶Ԫܲá
˻ͦ··ˡ
ڿҪٵǰʱԪͻȻĻﴫ˹
ʲô
·ǣ
һٴηˡ
˲Ҫ˰ɡȻ˵ʮ˿Ըǡҿ㱻۽ǲŶ԰ɣ
Ȼ˵Ԫ⻰˵úţǲ˶ԪľȴԽԽˡ
Ͼֱһ˵˻Ǿˣ˵ţƺˣϲֵİ
ٵȶʮɫˣ
ʦڣ˶˹СӾȻ˵Ըǣ
ЩڵȻˣһһսȭͷǶһĴ֣ӣǵ˸
Ϊ׵һ٣ҲǸĿԪϡ
ԪҲǰһ֮ԶվԴмɨɨ١
ǶҵĶ֡ɢ˰ɡôѧǰֽţǺǱ顣ҲǶˡ
Ԫ˿ƽ˹
Ӹղһ۶ӣѾٵʵ
ô˵ء֮ͨУȷʵǲġһſԴʮɣ
书ߣȴҲһȫǱ걬ˮƽ
ԿһۣԪûʲôȥȤ
ЩٶҲûãֵȤûС


17 ˣ
ӣԵӣ
ԪĻõٵ˳׷ŭˡٳô꣬û˸ô˵ء
ÿ
ŭһס˼Ѿ಻סҪԪ£ȻԪ˹˫۶Ҫȼճɻˣ
ܵŭڷţԪҧгݣʱ˿̣ԪѾһˣ
ܹϻôãҲǸǵġ·һѣϾ¶˾׳壬鼡ţ°£ֳ鸹ֵǵ״ʮıϣˣҲŲͬӰĵ̣ԡѪļ֤
ԪϸͻȻ͵һһƼȭԪŴ˹
һȭƼӿĦſԵ죬ʯͷܹһ
ǰԪȴ΢΢һЦҲû㣬һֱ̧ץסٵ֣
ʲô
һƼȭ̼䱻ԪץסˣǿԵٶ˲䵹߲ɫһӲ԰
һɱڣҲǸɫ䣬Ŀ׷Ԫϣ
ٵʵЩڶ֪ġ˵ٵıڣ˵ǵıڣΪٵʵһȺİ
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Ԫɫƽޱȣֻһһɫķ顣
Ԫסһɫķ飬ӲӣʵزȻԪֱ治ʲôʣϵģ϶ʲô˻
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ⶡ˳ָԪһ˼ģ
ϴȴѾųˡ
Ԫ΢ЦؿɫƽЦõöëȻĸо
ϴ󣬵Ұ
ⶡ˫һﻹȥæٵĳ׷ȥ


18 Դ
̫ţˣҳӴҵ˹ˣˣʲôţ
ԪôˣŮѰûУվԱ𣿡

ԪͽٸˣһŮ˿ʼ׷׷Ԫð⡣
˲˰Ů˿иĶ󰡣
һЩеĶԪҲͬĽѡһһҪΪԪˣܾŮ˵׷
Ԫ㣬ôô
ԪԱߣԪİϲԼʶԪһ
һСʶѡûˡԺҲ۸ˡ
Ԫʼ硣
ԼղôһŻӦǳѵˣٴ꿵ˡ٣ܹչôҲеͱµġ֪֪ѶˣĳЩˣֻ֪ӲӲҪҪֵĻȫ˶ҪԼ
ԪԪ硣ǰҲã˵㲻ٵĻǣڣ¶ıӡˡΪ㣬̫MENˣ
ʱǷŮҲԪǰһյؿԪ
Ҳ̫ţǰķӿþ˾Ķǡ
Ԫȴûж࿴һֻۣǿ꿣꿣Ѿˡˡ
Ԫƽ˵ôһ䣬תҪ뿪
ȵȣ
ȴ׷ȥһסԪ֡
ɣһЩ¡һ졣һô죿
С졣
Ҳ׹ˣղԪչʾôһ֮ѧУﲻ֪Ů˶˻ա
ҪԪԼ֣ǻ˵ã֪˶Ҫȥ׷ˡ
ҪǣȷʵЩȻ˵Ԫ٣˭֪᲻ỳģȻ󱨸ء
ǣûء
ԪҪִó꿱úܽԪôҲѲˡ
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С죬Ǿµ峺ӣȷʵޱȡ
ðɡ
ʵѲˣҲõô˵棬ûӡԪֻôӦˡ
ʱ§ԪˣƺԪһ㣬Ԫǰȥ
ϣһ󵭵ζ˱ǶԪڱ֮䣬Ԫĸо
Ԫǰȥ
꿣㲻ҪҡҰˣһҪ׷
Ԫȥ˶ţǰɽ嵴ԪĿȴǷᶨġ
׷Ҳ٣һûпϡҲӿˡΪԪһȣȫŰ

ԪżȥţţͻȻ뵽һ⡣
ǰԪС޽鶼ûи߹꿡ڴ꿹ȥײ޽ɡ
ԪŲһ£Ǽǰȥ
ײҲáԪ꿸ܣҲá
Ԫ¥˹ȥƺܿġ
ΪԪٴԼģһԪ֪ʲôʱȥˡ
Ϊˣ꿶СָоԼѾԪСϱһԪؼȥء
ԪóԿף˷ţƿţ˽ȥɳһ޶˵Ůˣ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû˵ʲô˹ȥ
һӰ
꿴һ·䣬Ҫ˵ʱͻȻ޽ɳȻ·Ҳ̫¶˰ɣȻʽȫ˳һӾͳ꿵ǰ
㡭
꿺޽Ŀԣһסˡ
û뵽Ԫļһű¶Ůˡ
޽Ҳû뵽ԪһôˮŮ˶˶Էþá
ԪôбŮˣһô¶ѵǣѹ⼸ܾң
ƺʲôỨ˸šôҲû뵽ԼԪȻῴһĻ
ԪС۹ⲻȻһôˮŮףôˡҺԪ֮ʲôɡ
޽ҲǾһЩˣ꿵˼뷨ôῴȻϲЦΪţҲ֪Щ鲻
ԪСӺò״һŮӻɲܹΪͱԼˡ
ŶԪѰɡ죬ҽޣԪѡڸڷŵġ
޽æкҲɳϵһ·Լϡ
ѣڷ䣿
꿿˿䣬ȷʵ䷿ܴô¶
ǿһЩģҺԪûʲôԪһҰҲСʲôְ
޽æк
̣
޽Ļ꿺ʲôԪ޽а̣Ҳ˵Ԫ޽ûʲôˡ
뵽һӿˡ
ҽ꿣Ԫѡ̣Ŷһǽ޽ɡŰ𣿡
ס޽ֻ֡ҪǺԼѵģ꿾ͻܿĺϲ
ǰ
޽˵ͷ
ѹǰûпءҺԪʶþˡ
ɳϣղŵ⿪֮ڵԵ
޽ʵһֱڴ꿡ԪΪ˵ǲģһˣһֱ޽ҲԪһŮ
û뵽ԪȻôõһԽ꿣޽Խϲ
Ԫʶ˰ԪҲǵģôÿһŮѶ֪ҿ
޽Цŵ֦չ
޽ôһ˵꿾µһɬˣҧźӣаһԪŮء
ȻЩɬ޽ôһ˵ȴ꿺˷һ˵úܡ
㺦֪ԪûдŮ˹ءǸкҲҪúϧ
޽ס꿵֡ȴֲԸԽԽϲ
˾ԪһܿİжʧޣͳܵĹһ㡣

˵Ԫ˷󣬾Թ˽ȥҪ꿿޽㡣
Ů˵Ĵ֪ģҪ꿿Լﻹһô¶ԸеŮˣ϶ܲˣġ
Ԫ˺ܾãҲûеȵ֮еģˤŶûŮԴ׵
ǺǺǣ
ǺǺǣ
˭֪һЦ˹Ů˾Ȼһһ￪ĵ
⡭
Ԫüͷһ壬ſڣһ죬˹ȥȴ꿺޽֣ܵؽ̸ţ˴̸Цһ׽һ
һĻԪЩ˼顣˵Ҳܷ鰡ŮˣرƯŮˣôһദ
֣֣
Ԫ֪Լ̴ˣҡҡͷȴҲûж˵ȥ׷ʲôܹãǲܹԪҲûа취
ûôʱ䣬Ů֮档


19 
ԷˣԷˡ
Ԫڷŵʱ洫һ޽
Է
Ԫ΢΢һҪ֪Լڼ޽㻹Լɶûϰ߰
ôڳϷˣ
зԣԪȻܾƿ˳ȥһ˵ζ˱ǶζȣˣһӾõԪθڴ󿪡
޽һһӺò˽Σţ⣬ɫζȫþ۲
ԪСӣһôõŮҲȻҲԶԼʳ㰡
޽һڣֻ˵úܡ꿻ǸŮƯˮ飬Ȼյһֺòˡ
ͷŮӳƯѾѵˣƯˣǸ֮١ԪǼһ
СֻͨѶѡ
Ԫλȥ
ͨѣͨѻ޷ˣ
޽Ԫһۡ
꿿ǸŮҪúϧҸ㴴ᰡ
޽ĪĿԪһۣȻų˹ȥ
˰˸ˣæһӵ꿲Ŵӳ߳Աߡûȳԣֻ΢΢ԪȴԪһ㣬΢΢ԵЩŲ
ζ
ԪӣһΣһҧ£򣬹ȻǺóԵòˡ
Ե㰡
ԪԱߵԭЩţԪôһ˵ʱ˿æּһţ⣬Ԫ
磬Ե㡣
ˮؿԪ
꿸ԪвˣһСµģ˼еԪԪֽܿţ޽
޽㣬Ե㡣
ԪԾܾĶõ޽ɫһ䡣
꿹Źֵؿ޽Ԫ˵޽˵Ԫ֮ûйϵôԪ޽˰
޽ҲһȻû뵽ԪôɵСԴ㶺˻ô
ԼŮԱߣŮ˼вˣⲻǴ
޽ɫ˱䡣Ԫ˼ŭ
꿣ԪСڻһԡԽԽϲҾǵý˰ɡ
޽㿴˿Ԫ꿵Ԫʲô˼һζҪԪ꿡ҪǳԪСϱԺ󻹲ղ˸Լԣǿɾпڸˡ
޽ôһ˵һߺˣͷ޲ȥ
У޽㣬Ц
ɬȴϲúܣһҲ͵͵Ԫ
ֻԪɫƽѹû޽ĻһԹڳԷš
￪Цд󵱻飬Ů󵱼꿣ڼס
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֪ôˣ޽ô˵ˣæ
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ԪȴֻԹԳԷȫ޽
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ҪԪ˵ԪȴƲҧҧƺ˺һȻŵǣǺðɡֻˡ
˵͵͵ƳԪһۡ˭֪ԪȴţûԼ˵һ
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ŮӸ˯軹װʲôư
޽㿴ԪﶼҪˡ

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ֻҪܾ꿣û뵽ڸԽԽˡ
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һ֮֮ˡֻҪԼ꿣Сܻߵһ졣
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꿰ԪôˡʵǸľͷܶ飬ൣһ¡
ʰʱ޽꿵ĸ첲
֪ˡһֱġ
ߺޱȡȻ˵ԪûԼϲǰԼһҲûйϵһ󣬺ܿˡ
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ŶңҲȥ˯ˡ
ҲЩΣϾҪԼԪһ˯һҲЩ²
޽ˣԼԪ˹ȥţȴû
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ԪĬĬתŹ

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û뵽ԪСӾȻһôƯˮŮѣѹء
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û뵽Ҳ˴Եýˣǿİ
ϣչŸΣ泩ޱȡ
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ϣԪһľͷܹúõذһλɡ
ԽԽģȻ˯žˡȥ

ǵһýŵ˷ܺϲá
ȴͽˡ
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⣬Ԫ᲻ΪһŮ˰
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ԼĲôӦ޽ģҲҪһ°һԪ϶ΪԼŮˡ
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ﰵ˱һ˫أʼտ˷šֱͣ
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žҹ
ֻȴû뵽һֿܣǾԪѹǵԺһȥȥˡ


20 ˼
Ӱ
ԪԺһһ̤ľ룬һӰҲǽϣ
ԶԶȥĶγһӰ
˵ӰӾ׷
ȵӰ䶨֮ʱʮӰӲŽϣ
ӰӰ棬һԼ
һԴ򣬳ӰöԷֱ治޴֣
Ԫ֮˲ƶʱӰӷֱ˹ȥһӻûʮӰӣ
ЩӰǰƮƮȥȴûܹϵóһһã
ӰԪʦӰһֹ˵ûҪһʵ
ԪȻﵽڣҲֻӰŶѣ
ŵʵ磬ȴɱһˣ
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Ӱٶ࣬ȴҲҲ˵ķ١
ԪһҧӰһ͵ǰһ˹ȥ
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ӣǲ÷ǣҪԵݣմǲСãã磬ȥѰҴԵݰ
Ԫһ˿Ƿϵɫ
䵽˵֮Ԫ֮УǰöӶѡ
һöȣһöǰɹ
ݣȴûдҲ޷ΪԪޣЯöӣѾǺķȫˣ
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л֣лԪء
ϣԵݲʲô顣ֻǾⴿԵȴö֪
·Զ⣬Ὣ¶
Ԫһεʫ裬ȻӰһȭֿʼ˳

꿸տʼǺܽš
ԪԪԼ֪ôദ
ģʱšֽſʼиȥüͷ
ʮӣ
ʮӣ
ʮӣ

СʱȴûпԪڣ꿶ȵЩͷˡ
ôԪѵ˯ɳ𣿡
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ȵʱˣҲˣ꿴ӴţŴ˹ȥ
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ո޽㻹˵ҪԪԼô
ҧ˺ӣһʱ䶼֪ôˡ
ԪڿԼķǻܹȥ˯϶޽ķˡ꿲Լô룬ʵֲòⷽȥ롣
һ˺һƯŮͬӣ⡣
Լ̫ˣȻԪ޽֮ûʲô
ᶼҪˡû뵽Ԫ޽Ĺϵ
ߣ
һ˦֣عˡȻ꿾ŤͷŴ˹ȥͨ˱ʱˡ

һýŵ޽㣬ĺܺá
û뵽ԼˣҲýţϱԵʱ޽ĺܿġ
ܿĵĺȥ˯ž
Ԫǰһֱһľͷ֪ľͷ꿻ô
޽ͻȻ˼ֺ֮ġȻƿ˷ţ꿵ķ⣬ؽȥ
ҪȥĶǷȴһƬûа
ľͷȻô
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˽ⲻˣе˾ǼʵɫĺܡԪľͷӦҲ⡣ܹܵסˣ
꿿һˮĴŮĴŮ˭˲ϲ
޽ͲԪ̵ܹס
޽һֱſڵš

ȷʵЩġΪԪ޽һȣȻ޽㹴һ
ϸ룬ȴָܡ
Ԫĺ޽һȵĻҲòŸտʼƭԼ
ҪǸտʼƭԼҲòŽ¶
οҲû޽㷿κ
ңһҪԭ򣬾Щġ
Ȼ˵޽ƯģԼҲģòҲñ޽١ҪһԭԼ޽ᡣ
ԼᣬʱضԳΪ޽ԸеŮˡ޽ҪΪԼ崿Ůȴǲˡ
꿵ȻԼϲô˾ˡԾͷ˱ȴôҲ˯š
˺þãƿ˱ӣЬӣ˳ȥſڣ˷š
ҪȥԪȥˣǲܵ޽ķͷȥˡ

һʱ˷޽㾪һƲסԾ˹һӵ˵ϣ˵ذϣӶ㱻ײˣ
޽㣡
޽ģüһ˫Ӵžɻ
Ǻǣ꿰û˼ǺѡԪǼǼ
͵һµ顣һӱˣ޽ϵȻЩҲסˡʱæڨڨЦ
þ˪Ѿ䲻Ȼɬ
ڷһɨȴַյģ⣬ȴûбˡ
ף
޽üͷһ壬ڷɨһ飬Ӵͷӣٵź棬ȴûзԪĴڡ
Ԫأ
޽㲻ɵþʵ
һֱΪԪ꿵ķͷأôڷˡ
ûķ𣿡
꿿޽㣬Ҳǳѯʵ
ԭҪȥԪû޽ķ
û뵽޽Ҳſ͵ţԪͲǺһˡ
꿺޽ˣ㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼ˶֪ԪܵĶȥˡ
û뵽һ޽һ˫޵ҲƺҪˡ
ԪԼһ췹ĻᡣԪȻϧˣôһֵǧĻᣬԪȻܵӰˣ
̫ˣҲ̫˰ɣһʷ޵еĴľͷ
޽ȭͷս
һĴ˲Ҫ˼ֱޣԣ޶磡


21 ͬ
޺ȴ˯ˣ׷ɳϣ㿴ңҿ㣬۾С۾
ԭ޽Ԫ⣬޽ֻһС㣬Ԫ޽ҲпԭԪһ˾ӣһˡ
ĴŮˣ׷ԪͶͱԪȻǣʲô˼
ԪԼķ䣬ԼĹ崿ŮҲҪʵǲò˻ɣ
꿣ԪǸͬɣ
˼˺þ֮޽ͻȻ꿵
Щ췢飬޽ԽԽԾ˼˺ðᣬһ۶ϡ
ۣ
ԺԪؿͻȻһӰӰ£һס
֣ڱ˵һ
Ԫüͷ΢΢Ϊһ̸Լȴֲ֪ģ˭˵ġ
ԪҲûйô࣬Ӱһֿʼ
ӰתԺԹƣһԺУ춼Ӱ
ɣ
꿵ɴ۾һ˫ӿ޽㡣
Ҳ֣ΪʲôԪԼô䵭ҪԪ˱Ůˣǻ˵ԪƺûаһûŮ˵ˣܾһŮӰ
һǵġ꿣Ҹ˵һЩ飬㲻Ҫ
޽ԽԽԪǸͬǱ㽫ԼЩ카Ԫһ˿Ԫ鶼꿡
ţһ˫գţɫҲԽ
ԣ˵˺ɫҡʲô»ݰԪһһͬ
޽һֱ֡ԼҲһҪģҪģģŮԼѹ·ԪԪȻԼ
޽㻹ΪԼأû뵽ԪȻһͬ
ͬȻŮ˲ȤˡôҲͲԼˡ޽ԽԽԼже
ɡԪ˰
ҲɵûԼԪĵεΡҲԪͬļ󰡡ϾԪһMENMENˣһ죬һ˴һأ
꿣ͬô֪ͬء֮꿣ǸŮ㻹ᣬõδܽഺˡڿʼҪԪ־룡
ƺʲôն
ɣһǲԪͬͣǣҲԸһ𡣡
ҧӣ̧ͷ
ϲԪˣԪʲôϲ벻
㣬ôôɵ
һӻˡ
С֪ͬζʲôǵȵˣǷ󣬵ʱǿɾˡ
УԲݽȥ򣬽ػˣӿɾѹˣ
꿣޽㲻ẦģҡԪ־룬ǲԪѣȻǲŮѣǿù۰
׻׻յǺϲСѾͷζ׹ħٲġ
޽㣬㲻˵ˣ϶Ԫˡǲͬȥ˯ˡ
ҲЩáҲЩԪǲͬӦ䵭ԼϾ֮䣬÷ĺء

ȥıӰҲֻ̾˿
Ů£鵥ϲܹأ
Ҳ̾˿תԼ˹ȥ
ԪСӲ֪ܵȥˣҪһǲˡҲЩˣص˯ȥˡ
֪ΪʲôһԪֵĸоԼһӶһýһ

ԪȻǲ֪ȥһϣͱ޺꿴ͬıǩ
峿ʱ֣Ԫص˷Ҳĥôȥ顣
ϣԪӣ˰
Ԫһݣ޽㽿εεʹ˹ȻԪԣһ¥ԪֱۡǻȵĽ
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Ԫ˰
ҲվԪ
ҡ
ԪҪͣȴԪɳȥ
˯ÿɳˣʲô֪꿣㲻º𣿿ȥһԪԡ
޽ƺлҪԪ˵˸֧꿡
Ŷ
꿵˵ͷų˹ȥ
޽ʼնԪǻȵ߶ԪϣõԪ嶼ˡ
޽ô£첻һֱںԼ־ôѵ
׷ʲô£ԪһͷˮԼȥһϣôͱ仯ô޽꿿Լ񶼺أ

޽㿴Ԫһ˫͸¶Ź龫֣ͻȻЦ
ԪãԭǸѹô㶼ҵ⡣
޽㿴ԪЦû֦չһ˫ӻԪȼ俴ȥ
޽ôһԪ͸оëȻԪһ˹ԪҪµĸо
ʲôǸ޽㣬ôǲʲôı
ԪоЩԾΪ޽Ҫʲô˼׽ŪԼء
ԪСӱװͬΪҲֻ֪Ժ׼˼꿣֪꿿Ǹù
޽ͻȻԪһɫ
ۣ
޵ĻԪһѪ˳
ͬ
ôMENôգô͵˾Ȼͬ
Ԫ޽꿿ԼΪʲôһˡΪԼһϲǾͽԼͬ
Ԫã
Ӳǣ
Ԫ
һˣȻ˵ͬЩܡ
ˣװˣ޽ǰװʲô޽ʲôûԺǾýá֪Ԫá
޽һ˫˵۲ſԪ
޽Ѿǳ׽ԪͬԪҪҲûа취ѵ˵޽ȥ֤һ°
޽ŹֵԪ֪ǲܵˡΪԽ͵ĻԽΡ
ҲãͬҲÿԾ꿵˼úѧϰ
ðɡ㷢ˣҾһͬ
Ԫ˵ͷϵ
գ
һ촫˹һ׹˵ϷƬɽ
վſڣؿԪž
ǰ޽ĻʱҲֻЩɡͷǲš
û뵽仰ȻԪ˵
Լϲȴһͬ
꿸оԼЩŤˡ
ɳŵԪ޽Ҳ̧ͷ꿣ĿӴԪɫҲǱ˱䣬Σܿ컹ƽ
ͬͬɡ꿣ֻҪܹľͺá


22 ̤Ь
ҡҲСĵġ
һ£Ԫ޽Ŀ⣬ЩæȥϵƬ
û취ղһϢʵ̫ˡԼϲ˾Ȼһͬ⡭ǸŮ˶Щ޷ܰɡ
꿡
Ԫʱվ
ȻѾˣҲûбҪȥˣ罫ƾͼƣʹء
ߣӵǧ꣬꿸ġοϲˣ
ʱ򣬾ܾ꿣ҲΪáԽԽ
һԼȡʲô⡣첻ô
Ԫ
̧ͷһ˫ӿԪЩ˸ͺ¡
޽˵ûҶŮûȤġϲˣԣ㲻ãʵڲܡԣǻðɡ
һλԪ˵رŤ˵֮ŤͷԼ˹ȥ
һǿ߸֣Ȼ˵ԼһͬǴԼ󰡡
ԪĻ꿽˼¡
û취һϢʵ̫𾪣̫˼ˡرǴԪô˵
Լϲ˾Ȼһͬ
ҡҡͷ
꿣Ҿ˵ɡԪŮûȤġҲҪԼҸ˰ѡ
ʱԱߣס֡
һŮɲܾ˴ǰ̡Ȼ˻ѣеǿͷԡ

ȴҡҡͷȴǼ顣
ôҵֻҲݲ±ˡͬҲϲԪҪ޸㣬ȢȢң
ͻȻתȥŷͷԪ
ڷԪһ仰ɫһ
û뵽꿾Ȼô
޽㣬ȥϿˡԺ㡣
꿴󵨱һҲЩߡʱæܳȥˡ

ȥıӰ޽̾˿Ȼֿ˿Ԫķ䡣
治֪ԪʲôõĵطȻܹôһˮĴŮϲͰĽ
ϣŮܹжأ
һ·¥ԭЩԽܣţţƽ
ⱲǳԪˣԪǲͬ
Ȼ˵һôյˣһͬһȷʵЩ֡Ҳͬкõĵط
ͬĻûбŮӺԼˡ
һ꿺ʲôţţϾȻЦ˳
ûб˺ԼãԪô㣬϶вŮӰϲԪȴҲԲϲŮӡ

ԪסƬ̣ŴӸղһ仰лѹ
꿶Լּ֣ʦӰֺ󰡡
ŮӶΪ˰һеˣûʦӰԼĻῼ꿡ǣʦǰ棬ԪζȥŮˣҲκŮ˶ġ
Ӱţһе
Ԫսȭͷһ˿ɫ
ԪѾˣ֮󣬱Ǵǡ
ҪԵݲСôȥѰҴԵء
ãã磬ҪѰһ괿Եݻǲס
Ԫ˴ϣѰ˼ĥš
ԪɲֲȻ࣬ȴԱһǴԵġϾЩͼƬ޷Ϣġ
ǲݣҲֻֻ߲ܹҵߣܹҵҲһ
Ϊ磬ϡҪֻݡ
ԪԴƱÿһϣ϶ݡͬҲһѵ⡣
ΪߣصúѰҲ
ϡô鷳ԵݣһҪȸɺĵطҿöǰЩطѰҲС
Ԫ̾˿Ӵ˴ǰϣڷż顣⼸鶼ǱŮ˪ӲԼġ
Ԫܷ꣬Щ鱾Ƿ꣬һӣ鱾ͷɵͰͷʲôã
ȻԪתȥˡ
ҪȥѰһЩ᳤ܻݵĵطˡ
Ԫһ߳ȥʱ޽˽
ô޽㡣
޳ԼǰԪ΢΢һ
ûʲôֻĶѡ
˽ֱԪĴͷȥ
ʲôûпա
޴ԽԽ¶ˣ˴ϣʹһ˯£¶û˫ſֱһš
Ԫ꿶˼ӦÿóʵʲôõİŮ˱ȽϺòԪûгŮ˵ζŻԣ˵ŷſ꿺úýһ¡
Լﷴ˼˺һӣرǿǼģǲĿ꿺Ԫ˾ֿԲҪȰ˵һ£ܸܲıԪȡ
Ԫ֮ԲϲŮˣûгŮζԭ
ҶŮûȤ㲻˵ˡ
ԪƢЩã˵һ䣬תȥˡ
ι
޻˵ʲôԪȴѾǰˡֻ̾˿ȻʧԪѾжˡ
Ҳ֪Ůȡ飬ܹġôԼԱ߾סһͬأԽ顣
Ҳ߳ԪķתԪӽͰ飬˷
һһƬɫҶӾͷ˳ޱȣƮ˵ϡ
Ӣ鰡
޿۾ͿȥˣûʲôĻӢ﷽Ķ
ֽ鱾ӻͰʱҳһƬɫҶȴƮ˳˵ϣ
ģޱȣͺѪȾɵһ
Ҳûȥֱ߳˷䡣
Ԫȥɲһ졣ҵ˺üʺϴĵط
ЩطܴҪѰ֮ѡ
ϽЩطֲһһ𣬽жϣҲûздݵԡ
Ȼ⿴Щֽܣûаô
ΪһֲǲǴԵݣҪǷдЩֻ߲
ǣ߷ݣҲ϶Ϊˣ˭ὫЩءҪ֪ЩݣԴû˻óġ
Ԫƣ˻ƿ˷ţʱ˿̣ƣֻúõ˯һ
磬ҪûݸĳɾҲһˡҪػǰʵ졣
Ԫһɥ˽һ߽䣬Ŀһסˡ
˵һƬɫޱȵҶϣһӷֱˣ
һƬ޻ҶϣƺеĴɢ
⡭⾹ȻС׻Ϣ
̤Ьٴ
ԪӿֳһĨŵľϲ𾪡û뵽ԼѰôãûаͷһص˼ȻͿˣ


23 С׻
С׻һִԵĻڸɺձɹĵط
С׻Ļ꣬Ѫ̲Ļӣڴ˵ʲˡ
ԪԭڷѰҴԵǣû뵽̤ЬٴԼҵһС׻ҶӡͬҶһ㣬Ѫž͸һֻĸо
ǣС׻Ҷأ
Ԫüͷ
ղ޽İɡԪüͷ΢΢ڷһɨܿ߾Ͱļϡ
Ϊҳ֮䣬һҶ¶˳
С׻Ҷ
Ԫһæ˹ȥ˿滹żƬС׻ҶӡѪɢŵļ΢ɲ
ЩҶӶǩϵһƬȻǴ鱾ģ
ֻС׻ҶѾժգɢ̫࣬ڼҳ棬Ԫ
˪ǱŮģҲ˵˪Ӧ֪С׻
Ԫһϲ
һֱѰľû뵽һҵˡ
ʱ˿̣ʱ䶼ЩˣҲȥ˪ʱ
ǵȵϿεʱȥ˪ɡ
Ԫһӵ˯̤ʵˡ˴ϣ˯ܿ͵˵ڶ졣
ڶ죬Ԫ˴ϴˢͣʹҴѧУ˹ȥ
ۣԪҮ
ǰӢԪأ
ô˧ôᣡҺȥһŶ

ԪѧУһεķȻǰһ
ΪһѧУһ۾˹ǳĽ飬һεʱĳͼЦ
һЩӴŮ˹Ԫѯʵ绰롣
Ԫ磬һֻ𣿡һ˻յŮԪǰ
Բûֻ
Ԫޱ
ڵ˭ûֻء϶ǲܾҲܿᰡ
һŮܾˣǻиŮȥ
Ԫòӿ˽ŲҲûŽʦȥֱ˪İ칫ҡ
˪İ칫ңǿŵģֻ˪һ
Ԫɨɨְ칫ûС׻Ĵڡ
С׻Ҷ˪鱾ҵģ˪϶֪С׻õ
Ԫ˽ȥ
ʦ
Ԫ
Ԫ
һOLװסεıɽŮ˪عͷԪʱɫ΢΢һȻû뵽ԪȻԼ
Ҫ֪ԪǰһʮĲ˵Լ칫ң¾Ҳѽ
ѲǱϴνѵһ֮ͨ󣬸ӣ
뵽ɽŮ˪¶һ˿飬ȻԪҲǴЦˮ˵ķ顣
̵ѧʦְһѧɻúܶʦʮкͳɾ͸С
Ԫɡϴ㿴鿴ôˣ
˪࣬Ԫһ崺ĸо
˪һֱԱʾ˵ģʱ˿̣ȴԼǰչֳˮһĻõԪҲ΢΢Щ⡣
鿴һЩʦ
Ԫ
Ǿͺáʲô£
˪ƺ鲻ԪһֱЦġݸ΢ЦģһɽŮϣȷʵġΪԪѯ治ء
ġʦ﷢˼ƬǩҶӡҶҺϲҵġ
ԪӻһƬС׻ҶӡС׻ҶӣѪԪСš
Ԫı֣һԭݸ΢Ц˪һЦˡһ˫ؿԪԼƭһ㡣
ΪԪ;֪ԼҪúѧϰء˭֪˰죬ȻʲôСǩҶӡ
㻹б𣿡
˪ѯʵ
ûУҶĶġ
Ԫ
ԶƬҶӣ
˪һ䣬ɫԽѿԪҸúѧϰġʲôҶӵġ㵹ãѧϰ˼ûУ⻨ݲݲҵ鵹ȤŨŨԪʵ̫ʧˣ
˪һϣҳĵ÷١
ԪҲû뵽˪˵ͷԼֻС׻Ҳûʲôɡ
ʦ͸ǩҶǴİɡңҾͺúѧϰҶӶĺҪ
Ԫҧҧ
ʲô㻹вң
һԪĻ˪ڵһվҧ
ʲôʱˣ߿Ҳôһʱ䡣ѧڽܹĵѧϰţ޲ðһʱ䵱ֻԪȻ˼ЩݲݡһƬҶӶѣʸûûˣͷĺôô֪ػ
ңҲв㣬ֻ֪Ҷġ
Ԫͷһεģ
Ǳ˻ã˴һ٣˵С׻ˡ
˪һһһŮˣҲԼʦԼǲġҪĴһ٣ƺҲЩ˵
ԪҪܿϴѧҾ͸Ҷôģ㲻úѧϰҸ㣡ڣϸҳȥ
˪˪ޱȡԪǳŭˡΪԪѧҵǣԪȴȫһƨ˪ȻῪˡ
Ԫ֪˪һزùҲΨһڡ
ʱ˿̣˪ѾˣԼٺȥҲʲô顣
ðɡʦȳȥɡ
ԪֻѡΪȻȥѰҰ취ˡ
С׻Ȼ˪ɵģǾǴõģҲֻ˪һ֪
Ԫ°࣬ȵ˪°ˣԼ׷ȥѯһ¡ûʲô
ò׵һɲˡ

̫ˣ
Ԫȥ֮˪ݺӡĻʧɫ
ôŵʱ򣬸߿ҪԪȴæ飬ܹ
ҪʲôǩҶӣ
˪λϣþòƽԪûмʱȥĻ浣ԼƲס֡
һʺҶӣ˪Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֡ǰһεʱһ±ҵġ
ʱһֲ˹ͺͺ±ϣĴҡţ貣ͽ˪Ŀ
Ȼ˪ͽһסֲ˼һԼһˡ
˪ֲ֪ʲôֻ֣һ𻨵֡
֮ϣҶӣһļȻȫǻġЩҶޱȣɫһ㣬˪ͽЩҶժΪǩ
ʵ˵𻨣һֵ顣
˪ǰƢʵǿԵģҲûıꡣԴӽ𻨰ᵽԼҼ֮Ƣͱࡣ
Ȼ˪ֻὫһйڵѧԽԽʡ棬ὫԼƢһֲϵ
˪ˮԼƽһЩʱʹ˻ԴԪӰԼԺȥȻܿʼ


24 
Ԫվŵţ˪֮Ƣô꣬Ҳԭġ
С׻ǴԵĻúС׻ˣǴԵţżϻ𡣶һżϻ𣬵ȻƢˡҲԲӡ֤һ飬ǾС׻Ӧþ˪ߡջ۵ĳദȻ˵׾ͱˡ
Ԫ澲š
ȵ¿°ʱ˪˳
ô⣿
˳Ԫ棬˪üͷ
ʦģһЩβȥҲϰϰΡ
ԪڨڨЦڼ˵С׻϶ŭ˪ѡһ˪ȽϸȤĻ⣬ѧϰ
С׻Ӧþ˪ļţҸ˪ȥȵʱʱС׻ŪҲʲô顣
˪һ˫Ԫϴţƺ˼Ԫ˼
ˡϰɡһ¡
˪ƽȻԼתһȥˡ
ΣضԪԭѧϰһˣͻȻôѧϰ϶
˪ȻԪĹƣȻ֪ԪҪʲôֻҪ˳Ԫ˼ȥˡȻƢãǺȥһѧǶԪԼȻЩˣ⻹ѧĵĵһأ
ʦҪúѧϰѾʶԼĴˡͰҲϰһӢòã
ԪĵظȥϿš
Ҫϰԡǲǽ졣һؼһ飬ٹɡ
˪ǲӦԪֱǰš
ղڰ칫ҵʱҲûпԪжİôԼһ°࣬ҪԼؼҡѵʲôͼ
ԣһѧܹʲôͼ
˪ҡҡͷ¥ȥˡ
Ҫ˪Щ̫кʵˡûϵԪеǰ취
Ԫ˪Զˣĵظ˪ֻҪ˪ң֪˪һвðˡ
Ԫ˪֮İ׵ľ룬˪ֲԼԪҲܹ֤˳ٲʧ
ѧУ˪һԪֻôһĦĽϡ
ֻ˴վ·˪˳һСĵط
Ԫϣ˪ȥһ¥¥
Ԫûиȥ
Ͼ˪ջؼңԼȥĻ»ᱻɱ̬ء飬ӦҹڷߣһƬʱ
ԪӣҲЩֱУһݡ
һ档
Ԫȥ
ϡ
ϰܿȥˡԪš
ڲŲ룬Ҫȵ˪˯ԼܹȥҪСʱС
ҲûϵΪС׻ôһʱʲô
Ԫһ߳棬һߵȴš
ʱȥԪһˣֵһ롣
ϰȻԪ֣Ԫһֱ棬ҲûкǮ׬ɵơԶ棬Ųء
˧磬ˡ
ϰ彫Ԫȥ
ۣСӸʲôһأ
ǰôģҲûôְ

ʱһһ֮˹ȻǶԪôܳԺǲ첻ѡϰ汾ʹ󣬳˳һͱˡСһôֱ࣬Ҫܳԣ
ԪֻͷţʲôҲû˵Ҫʱüͷ
Ϊߴ¥˹ȥóԿף¥µķš
ԪΪⶰ¥סͣûôϡ
Ԫͷ档
ߴ󺺽ŵŴ򿪺ʼ磬Ⱥ¥ݡ
һ㣬㣬ܿĲ㡣Ҳ˪סķ䡣
ģȥڣ
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һ°֮ʱ䣬õһʱ䣬Ҫж
÷ɰ÷ϰ
ŵ˪һߺţһ߶š
ȷ˿ر÷Ŀȷ˿÷ÿһ
ҲǽܾԪԼԭ
ôõʱ䣬ӦÿУô˷ڸѧεСءϰϰ࣬°°࣬°ʱҪúõȥŶԡ
˪ר־Ŀȫûע⵽ɫԽԽܣԽԽŨ
ģоԼЩѣûһ˫۾סĻ
ΪĻϣ÷һ򹥽˶Էķ
죬䰡
˪źڻûܹɹ÷ţΪƣر۾
⣡
˴ıҲһӵ˵ϡɳһܶˣ޳Ľ
ڷһֱڵȴţԼʮӹȥˣ׽Ҳˡ
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ȥóһöҩ˪
ʲô
Ŀ˿
һö˵ҩѡȡôƯһӾɱˡôҲֵˬˬС
һ˫ӥĿ˪ϴš
Ҳǿ˿˪˵壬¶аЦ⡣
ԣԣôһƷҪúˬˬøɵķʽɱ
Ŀ˪ĵģˮҪˡǵһοԸж˵ľɫŮءŮȻǼˣһˣ
ߣ¥ȥ
ʹ˸ɫĽ˱óֻͨһ롣
ϴѾ㶨ٶɳ
˳ȥ˷š

Ԫ棬ԽԶԽڳԵ˵ʱԪоԼĶѾܳˣŵóԲµʱͣ
ҪϢһ£Ȼ򵥡
˭֪ʱһɫСԶʻ˹ͣ˪¥¡
ƿƺڵȴʲôһ¥ߴ̧һ޴˳
һӣһ䣬̧󣬾ͷŵ˳λϡ
ߴҲ˳ͷɫСתȥˡ
һĻĺܿ죬Ҳƽ˶ˣȴҲûжע⡣Ԫ˫ȴһ˿â
ã
ʲôԪæȥֱΣ


25 
ϰܿģĺãȻһһ档һ˿ǮǾʮ顣һ˾׬ʮ顣
ϰתȥЦǺǵģ˭֪һԪղŵĵطȴѾԪӰ
أ
ϰüͷһɨҲûпԪ
ҿԡͰ
ƺʲôϰ͵Ķͷ
˵ѹСӸղһأԭǳų԰ġȻ˼Ҫ԰ͣȻܶԾͶˡ̫ɶˣԸҲֻͣСⰡ
ϰ˳ȥҪѰԪﻹԪӰ
ɱģСϰհ
ϰȭͷսÿ졣

ԪһСһ·ϡһʿ׷ɫСǰȥ
ǰ棬ɫСһֱƫƧĵطȥ뿪һɽʻ˹ȥ
ͣ
Ԫ˾ͣ˳óһŰԪӸȥ˻ɽУУгŵĻױ˷ֵġ
ɫСʻɽܿɽһյͣ
ӳͷȺ߳ĸӣ˸󣬵Ÿ̡
εһû뵽ô׵֡ŮķųŪ
һͷһ̵ƺһ˵ϴ󣬾׽һƵ
ϴŮĳÿˣһûа
ߴҲŵаĹâȻһǸ˳
Ҫȥ⿪ӡ
ɳɳ
ɳɳ

ʱһؽŲ˹ĸٷͬʱһ̧ͷÿԶԪ˹
û뵽ȻĽ֣ϴһ˿ɱ
Сӣʲôû飬
ĿԪ˹Ԫ󺰵Ǳ˪òסˣʱֻúһԪһţȻˣֻԪϽ
Ȼˣ
ϴʼ磬ɫޱ˹ȥԪΧһɱ
⵶ҲԪǰĸߴӣͽ˶࣬ĿݣԪһһ
Сӣã˲ĵط˲ÿĶԹǡ֣
дһԪͻȻһͷ֪ʱһѷذ׾ӱԪ˹
һȥܽԴ̴һ
Ԫûлͷֻ΢΢һࡣذ׷ֱ֮໬ȻԪȥһץסӵ֣͵һһӲҽһͨͱƷ˵ϣ
۵һѪ˳ȻƤһȻֱ˹ȥ
ʲô
£ɵˡ⵶ϴͬһٷɫ׷һ䣬Ԫ˹ɵú
ǰΪԪֻһдײͨϰգȴû뵽ԪֺʵȻô

⵶ϴͬһҲ˻һ͵Ԫ˹


һѵ˹žĻɽз̶УҲ˵ϣ
׾٣ĸݺĽٷˣԪǰȴһ̲һ㱻Ū
ɨɨĸڵţȴѾû
Ԫȥޱ飬һ⵶ӵĲϣ
ܵԪɱ⵶ӻڲš
˵˭ģ
Ԫѯš
⼸ȻԤıģҪһαԼײײϣ˪˶֡
Щ˵ǽٷˣ˵ְҵ֣Ԫظоˡ

Ԫһʣǵϴȴ͵һҧͷһѪ˳Ȼɱˣ

ҲǸҧͷﶼŨڵѪǰιž綾һ˫۷ףȫ˹ȥ
Ԫüͷ
ǰֻǻ⼸ӱָʹڿȷڱҪ˪ˡЩ˻רҵɱ֣Ȼʱɱ
ֻǲ֪ⱳ˭˪ʲôޡ
ԪȻܲô࣬תŵһ˹ȥ
ԪһǰԱҹһӲһһӸи
Ȼŵ˪
ֻȻιҩ˹ȥԪֽﱧ˳§˻˪ķ˹ȥ
˪һֱǱ۾˵ʿҲûѹ⻳ﱧһԵĴŮȻò˶׷׿ԪΪԪҩСءָָ㣬ϾһĻ̫˿ˡ
ԪҲֻˡ
ڻ˪ԭԽԽȹˣճ죬һ˳Ҳü
˪ԽԽ󳱺ɫЩҵӣԪһ
˪һ֣ȫǴҩģѵǼٷ˲ҩ˴ҩɡ
Ԫһ
ʱ򣬵ʿѾͣ˪¥£Ԫ˳æ¾˪¥˹ȥ
˪˫ѾԪĲӣǶ˻ȵĽڱǼһ˵ϢԪϣҪжˡ
ҪҪ
˪һ߽ǻȵԪϣһ૵
Ļ飬һӾܹԡȼһ㡣
Ԫ˷ţԼǿԱ򶨡
ȲҪ˵ܺ͵κһŮ˷ϵҪԪҲ֮Σ
Ԫһ˪ȵӵ˴ϡڷѰҵ˼ӡ
ҪҪ
Ǵʱ˿̵˪ȴȫʧȥǣһӴӺ˹סԪ壬ȵĽ
ž
ԪͻȻһתһƷ˪Ĳϡ˪˫һһε˹ȥ
˴ҩһͷ۵顣Ҫǲιȥ֪ôճ
Ԫӣ˪˫ֺ˫Ÿסˡ
Ȼ˵ζܻܣҲúܰɡ˭С˱˵ĵء
Ԫҡҡͷ
ƽ˪ԪڷɨɨĿĿС׻С׻Ĵûᡣ
Ԫϸϸɨɨߵ˿Ĵʱһ̨ǰ
С̨棬һС׻Ȼǰͬȼһ㣬ܵĹâ
һһС׻Ԫ¶˼ϲ顣
̤Ьٴû뵽ȴ￴ˡ
һС׻ܴ󣬴ԼʮߣһҶӣɢ޵Ĺ
ǻҶ֮ϣһԵɢ
ģԵɢ˳ԪĿڱ֮䣬ԪһԵܡ
ԪֽС׻˹


26 
һС׻ɢŵУͺһ
ԪСţˤһ㣬˿ڴϵ˪ˣֽһܶ
˪ҾһȻС׻Ҳǹ֡
ԪС׻İáȻ߳˷ţὫŴϡ
¥Ԫһ·ţĴҴңײһ˻̫̫
ʲôææҪͶ̥
һ㱻Ԫײ̫̫̲סƿ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡
ԪǸǰ뿪
ף¥ûпһ˰˭ϣС͵ɡ
̫̫ʲôæԼ˹ȥ
ס¥ȥ˷ţԼﰲŷ
ҺԼûбĻ֪Ǻá¥ԽԽˣʲô˶УúúעⰲȫСҪװһˣԼһӣ¼ҹ˵ģҲԸ˰
ʱȥԼСʱʱ˪˹죬˫Ȳš
Ǵҩҩĸоʵ̫ǿˣ˪Щ޷ܡ
﷢˶˵ҪѳȥȴסѲˡ
һ˫ӿܣ΢ҲǷ˳

ȴû

ԪСϴ˸ʿææԼ˹ȥ
С׻ͻһ
֮󣬱ǴǣǾҪԵݡС׻ǴԵݣһ󣬾δǣܹԪﵽƵľ硣
ԪصԼСһС׻Լ˹ȥ
һߵԼ¥£Ϳ޵޽§һõ
Ԫüͷһ壬ĿӵϡԪʶ޽ǰѣء
еһˣ޽Ƥ޽ҪеĽ飬еһӻˣȻ޽еǮˡ
ֻô޽ֺһˡ
أӦңԺ´ˡ֮͹ңҵȢҡ
ߵ¥£޽㱧סһ˫Ӵֿ
ģޣⱲӶṼġǮǷģһҵˣһỹ㡣ˣţһȢġ
ն˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
޽ں濴ȥıӰ˫оȻҸ
ιޣ˶ǳһǵһǵģôеģ
Ԫȥ޽ͷ⻨յģԪɵ̾˿
ûаˣһ飬ĸײˣҪǮҽҩѡҸҽҩѣ죬ĸ׵֮˾ͻңͻȢˡһ¹СӡԪҽܿģ׼һóԵġ
޽ƺĺܿģת¥˹ȥһܣȸԾţ˺üһ㡣
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ֻϣǸĸĹ°ɡģһҲǼģΪõǮת뿪ʱԴһ˿⡣ˣԪ˽⣬Ĳ˳ʺġ
ԪڵҲûжʱȥЩ飬Ҳ¥Լ
ϷţԪ㽫һС׻̨ϡ
С׻ϲÿõ㹻ĹղУԪĵƹⶼˡ
С׻ϰԱȽ⣬һС׻һֻһλһ֮󣬱С׻ʱ
С׻ĻΪ֣һۻһǴƻֻ˹֮󣬲ܹ
ԭԪҺĻǿԴ߷С׻㿪ֻǲɣǰոսҺȫùˣȴֻܹС׻ȴ㹻Һˡ
С׻ǾϣˡԪһʯͷ˵һ㣬ԼһӣȻ˯ȥˡ

Ԫ˯ú㡣һȴ˯úܲá
˪֪ԼôȹһʱģȵѹʱϵѾԼ˿Ȼֱϣϣһɫı޺ۡĿģ
¶ֵĸоܣرϵ·Ȼ˺ˣң¡
찡
ﶼԼ·˪һ
ҵķ䣬˫۾֡Ϊ֪׷ʲô顣
ҵһУԼϱ˺Ƶ·ֱϵˣһУòǷǡ
ѵԼ˸
˪æһԼ塣ãĳЩطȱûֺܵ
˪ĲҺԼûб۸ϾԼһƻŮҪǱ˵һΣǿɾͿˡ
ǣ˭Ūôһ׽ŪԼء
˪վ֮ϣǺ˪
Ȼ׽ŪԼһҪۡ
˪һ·Ȼóֻͨ˱绰
ιǹҪңҼﱻˣ
˪֮󣬴ԼʮӾоˡ
ĸߴľ죬Ʒͦ䣬˪ǰű¼
˵㿴ε˹ȥǴͽûжʲô
һһ˪˵Ρ
һľɫŮˣһͽܲһɫŮʲôɡ
ûûаֻǱҲûжʲôҿһ軨
˪ڼһ£Ȼ
ʲô𣿡
ѯ
ҲûУֻҴġ
˪ҧҧƺʲôһ˿âҪ⾯˵Щʲôǻߣȥ
ǵԪԼһ𻨲ŶԡѵԪģ
뵽Ԫ˪ҡҡͷԪһʱ䣬һֱǲ۵ĽɫȥЩҲֻһѧôӵġ
ãŮѾˡӿʱ顣ʲôչĻ뼰ʱϵ
һվ
ܾЩ֣һӺò׽˼˭֪ȴֻ͵һ軨ȻôһˮľɫŮܡʵЩ˵֪
һŮҪ˼ԼԸͱһЩɡ
Ҳãֻ͵һ軨ĻǾС顣òŶġҲˡͲõӰǵưˡ
ðɡʲôϢϵǡ
˪ҧҧ촽
飬ҲоЩΡͷȻûкܶǮǹصĶҲаԣֻһЩΡЩصĶȴ͵ߡΪʲô
һ㶼һԣ
˪죬֮ϣɻ顣飬ƺԽԽˡ


27 ˪
С䣬ô°
¥һ˪ǰ
ˡ
˪û
ϣˡҸղ¥ʱ򣬺񿴵һȥģģС͵ɡ
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ˣʲôģ
˪̡
ôߣͦ˧ġ
̱Ȼһ£˪̱ȻˣǸֳԪӰȻ˪תԼļ
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˪ָָԪ
ҿԣԣˣ
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С䰡ʶİ˰Ȼ͵ˣҪаС䡣
æ
ȱ𼱡Լᴦġлл㰡̣ʲô£ٸɡ
˪ɫǸӣ̣һӳ
ͻǽ͵Ե˿Ԫû뵽ǡ֪ΪʲôһȷԪģﷴЩԥ
ץԪ
һԪǰ̾ͳ׻ˡҲԼѧ
ǲ˪ȴֹȥϾ˭֪ԪԼʲô
˪Щץۣб˺õ·ɷס
һԪԼֶˣΪʲôûǿжԼǸ϶ǵˣǱ̸ˣҲͲС
˪ҧø졣ԪԼǰĻ¶̲סҪԪ˺ˡ
ѧѧϰɼҲͰˣû뵽ƷĲ

һϣ˪ûкú˯žǲȥˣϾԪҲûжԼʵԵֺһԪǰ̾ͳ׸ˡ
ȴôҲʲȥ
ڶ죬ȦѧУڰ༶һɨȻûпԪӰ
飡
ԪûϿΣȻǱ˪顣鲻ãͲ̿Σֱһӷȥ
쿼ԣ
˪
ôͻ԰ǻû׼أ
ǰʦǰϻһûû벻ܿ
ǰԪûҪԪһ𿼣
ԣһ٣Ԫʹǵĺֵܣ

뿼Եѧ
ž
ԪãһԪ˪ͻðžһ˽̨ϡ̨ȺѧﶼҪˣ
˭ղŶ˭˵뿼ģҵʮȦ㣬㣬㣬ҳȥ
˪޳ָһ㣬ϱʮѧ׷վͷɥԵ˳ȥ
༶ҲðһƬžȻǴҶ˪һŮôһʦƢˣ

ѧУ﷢飬Ԫ֪Ҳֻ֪ڼﰲĵػС׻
黹û㹻ҺԪֻܾصȴš
ٽʱԪţҪȥѰһЩԵġ
һֵһҺʵ꣬Ԫȥ˼ݺʣڴڳꡣ
㷹ԪûмŻȥ·Ҳ˳С׻һ
С׻һĻֻһΣֻһλĻҲΪۻʹƻ֡
ۻԸԪǣƻֻܺǲÿһС׻ͬʱۻʹƻġ
һֻôԪǣԼȥ
һֻۻôԪ˴Ժ󣬾޷С׻ȥˡ
ҪǣһС׻ֻ˴ƻǲ޷ǣȥܡΪƻܣҪۻĻۡһС׻ͳ׳˷ˣ
һУҲҺԸıġֻ˵İš
ϰ壬˰ǵֽ˼ˮ۵СŶ
Ԫ·һ˼һʱһǵ˹
Ԫһ̧ͷһҽ̻Ի͵Ļǰ
ڻǰ棬м¶ظȵŮվţɦŪˣ͡
ԪĿܿ˻ǰһӵϣӴװͦһЦָ§סһŮǱˣȻ޽ء
ǰػ˵Լ£޽飬û뵽ȴǵﻨƵء
һĻԪɫ
˻Ĳʲô飬ƭŮˣƭŮǮ飬Ԫͷǳ޺ͱӡҪ֪޽İ
˧磬վʲô
ǰˬŶ

ʱŨױĨŮ˹סԪ֣ȵĽƵףҪԪȥ
˭
Ԫ˿أѯһ¡
ϰ塣ǻϹ˿ˡЩ춼ءǻ¥϶ĳϿˡǮˣһ־ǧСѣ
һŮεε
ŶԲҲ档
ԪԭҪȥһ٣뻹ˡ
Լһ٣ʱֵ޽ǰ޽㻹δԼ
ϣС磬ǽûŶ
һСԪҪߣæԪַԼǰ
ǰüĿģŻûгԹŮζɡҿеŶһξͲߣ
һСסԪĸ첲ȵһˮζ˱ǶƵס
ԲûȤ
Ԫתˡ
ƨûˣ
ǡŮ˶棬ʲô˰

ûɵСæŭԪıӰš
˼üŪ۹Ԫ죬ԪȻԼʲô°
ԪûֱԼ˹ȥ


28 Ⱦ
޽⼸һֱڼңƺڵؽ֮ȢԼ
Ԫ˰
Ԫ˽޽̧̧ͷʱڱһΧ
쿴ұƵΧòãһ͸㣬һ͸Ŷ
޽Χ
еŮͻݣԪҲû뵽ԭԸе޽ѧСŮ˵Щ
޽㣬ֹ
Ҫǰ޽㣬޽϶һľҪǲ޽㣬Ǻ޽һӡ
Ԫҳȥ·װءԼòá
޽˵ֵ꣬ͷ֯Χ
޽㣬ʵ˵ˡܾزʲôˡ
Ԫίص
ԪĻɫһƵĶ¶һ˿Ц
ǰǰǲãһĸءԭǰѰġֹˡһڱˡ
޽ԱóڱڸԪ֤ʲô
Ѱ
ԪЦЦˣԪ˽ⲻôѰء
Ҫҽġ
ʵŮˣ֪һӻʲôָءֻһˣֻһҡƵأҲܹܡҪֻһԸȢҵˡ
޽СĸŻڱ
޽ģԪ̾˿
һԸһԸԪʲô취أҿԼûн޽㣬˻ΪԼء
ԪЦЦҲû˵ʲôתصԼķÿһ˶Լ·ҪߣԼ޽ڿຣԼֺγڿຣء
Լ޽ÿ࣬Ҹء
˵飬˭Ҳ˵׼ġ

⼸ӣƽĹȥ
Ԫÿ춼ŪС׻޽첹š
ȻϿ޽ɫƽԪ֪޽Ѿʼˡ
ϾʱȥˣҪĻҲѾˡ
ԪҲûдƣЩ飬Լ˵ûãֻܵ޽Լѹ
ʱ޽ƵĶԪǰ
ԪźЩݲݵġ㷳ҿŶˡ
޽һ˫Ԫ
ݲݶЩݲźˣҲһֳɾͲ𣿡
Ԫʼ硣
ѾشӦӹȥ죬ȴûг֡޵ţţѾˡ
ȾˡԪȥȾô
Ԫǰ
Ⱦƣ
Ԫһ˿ޣƺҲʲô
á
Ԫ˵ͷûжʶ˵һ仰

Ԫһʮơƣ׾ƣص˼ҡ
Ԫ֪鲻ãԭҪ˵˵޵ġ
˭֪ư޾һƿ׾ƣڹ๾
˵޽㣬ôͻ˵ģ
һƿ׾ư޺ȵôͣԪЩġ
Ⱦ˰ǲǸ˰ԪҲһƿ˭˭˵
һƿ׾ƵݸԪԪҲӹһƿֱӴˡ
Ԫû뵽һͬҲôܺȾơ
޽ͻȻ֨֨Ц֦չȻ˾Ԫ˹ȵĽԪϡ
ԪãǺȾƣûһöֻǽֻǽüġ
޽¥ԪĲӣǻȵĽ˹һҲԪԪϡ

ԪڽֻЩСǼȻ޽ִҪ˵ԪҲûа취
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Ԫ޽ƿ
޽ΪˣǰˣŴˡԼأˣŶˣȴѾˡ
֪ģ˭һЩ
ԪԺ︡һ羪ٻӰ͵һƿ׾ƣȥ
һƿ׾¶ǣһ㣬ԪķҲƺࡣ
ãȣ
Ԫһֺ޽
˵ƽû뵽ܹһƿ׾¶֮ԪоԼ˶Ҫ
еķնʧһ
Ԫһйµˡ
źţ޽ͻȻԪЩԵʣһ˫ܴġ⳱콿ĵģһֱ
ɫˣԪоԼĳطһŻ𡣺ȾƱ׳£رǴʱԪһȾƵĻ޽һ
˭ûйء޽㣬ֺγأ
Ԫһλӣ޽㱣ž롣
һϴſЦ
ǰ˭ûйءһܹ˭ءҵġ
ҧҧ촽
ʱûбƭҲ䵽糾ҼʱҲįʵأѾû˰ĸ顣ֻҪһҡ
ǣһССļңȴûܸҡ
޽˵ţ˵ţͻȻӿ˳֪ôģԭһ򶼺ܿʵ⻰һ˵޾įεĸо
޽ֻһҡ
Ԫһܵһ㣬˾ƿ͵عһڡ
ǰ
ҪĲߡϧЩȴʵ֡
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޵Ԫ֪ʮͳ򹤣˲磬ظƭˡԭΪǰ飬˭ֻ֪׬Ǯ
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»ˣȴִǮƵ⡣
һŮˣжഺԻķϣһŮܱꣿ
޽࣬ȴҲֻԼһ¡һΣӦǳ׵ķ˰ɡΪԪܹоǳ׵ľˡ
޽㣬»к˵ġ
ƺ޶ʧȥģԪҲ޵Աߡ
ˣ𣿡
ͻȻת˵ԪһתѹԪϣһ˵ķҷҲǴ
ǣֻһGayҮ
Ц˵֦չ

Ҳ֪˶ãԪѹʱһԼϡͦΣ
һۣͿ޽޵ҵ㷢һ˿ġ
ԪὫ޽ƿȻվ߳˷䡣
Ԫ߳Ժʱ򣬵¹ضǰ߲Ӱ
֮£һƬҶƮƮ¡
ԪһһƬҶͼнָ֮СһƬҶ棬ֳһӣˮ£紺档
Ӱ
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Ԫص¹⣬ص¹⣬·Ӱӡ
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ԪӰһӰͻȻתһ󼲷磬Ժﱼ
Ӱ档
ԣһһӰӸ衣һ˵


29 ּѩ
һϵľƣ޽ѾòˡԭΪԼľѾܺˣû뵽ԪȵñԼҪ
޽ʱѾǵڶ磬ĵȻڵذϣ޳Ԫûбȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһγ׵ıʹ޽˶һ㡣ػĸо
վѻЩңͷȴһ֪ԵС
ڷɨɨԪķ˹ȥ
ԪķڣԪʱһˮר־øһ軨ˮ
һ軨Ҳ㲻ϻΪһҶӣ֦ҶïѪȴȻʢ
޽ĿĲһ軨Ԫ
ʱ˿̵Ԫɾֱվţͷˮؽˮרעģ飬ԡģһ軨һ㡣
֪Ϊʲô޽һӾԪȻЩ˧
˾ȥϴ衣ԺҷúҸ˼ˡ
Ԫûлͷ֪޽ˣƽ˹
ðֻŮˣûҪҼ޸òã
޽ȥԪǰһ˫ֱֱضԪ
֪ΪʲôԼЩϲԪˡǰ죬ڴԪ꿡
á
ԪȴǺԥľܾ
þͲãشôʲôôҲԥһ
޽ŭضŽţƺˡȻתԼ˹ȥ
֪ΪʲôͻȻоԪܲʲôͬﻹסһŮˡ
һŮˣģԲŻȺܾ꿺Լɡ
ˣ˰ܹõһİָҸ

޽ĴűˣһۣסΣ֪Եʡ
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ط첹·Ѿˣڷ첹Ԫ·
ֻԪСĵԼС׻ȻǵȴصȴȴĻ
ԪΪʲôôϸչһֲʲôͷ𣿡
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˭Ű϶һйµˡ
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ΪŮô
޽Сѯ
ǡ
Ԫƽص
Ź֣
޽վԪһģЩˡ
޽ߵ˳һ˳Ԫǰ
Ԫʲô¶㣬ȴʲôҡһ٣Ҫͷһ
޽㽫ڵļԪǰദ޽Ѿӱ˵߳ˡ
һӳͷ
Ԫ΢΢һЦҲһ

ȻԪԤϣȡһҺڶõʱȻǳࡣ
һ˾ʱ䡣
ھϣԪ˯ʱص
Ĵһĸо˹Ԫڵһ
Һˣ
Ԫսӡ
һ죬ڶǾ죬ԺҺҪʡòС
Ȼһεȴ£ǿһܺ顣
ԪӴһС׻ǰ
һС׻ļ죬ѪһС׻֮ʱˡ
Ԫԥ飬һҺȥ
һҺ壬˽ȥ
С׻ƽӲһС׻ʱ򡣶һС׻Ҳм꣬ǧꡣ
ԾȥҺ壬ҪȵС׻ҲҪʱ䡣

ԪҪһطС׻С׻ǣҪʱ䣬ǲܹκ˴ŵġ
׷޽㣬꿣вʱҪһ徻Ļ
οһС׻Ũɢȥʱױ˷֡
֮ԪҪһƫƧĵطС׻
Ԫϲһµͼ֪ڸĽһɽɽ֮ϣ˴š
ԪС׻ͳţ˸ʿŻɽ˹ȥ
һɽĻɽ˵һ۵ķԴأֻѾ׻ķˡ
˵ʿԪ˳Ǯ;ֱɽ˹ȥ
ɭ֣ʪĲݵأԪС׻ɽ֮š
ܿҵһ쳣ƫƧɽɽӲܲ
Ԫ˹ȥɽȻ㽫һС׻档
ʱ䡣С׻ῪʱɢȥӦûΧ׵ĵطɽȴᱻ˷֡ԪҲˡ
֮ԼȡۻдǾͿˡ
ԪúС׻ֽӲ²úãָͬԭģת뿪
һɽ±ϣҲȥ˵κ˷ֺʹš
һкԪ߳˻ɽ
˻ɽҪһʿȥˣΪѾǽƫƧޱȡ
ûϵԪӰ⽼˵ʱʩչ
ԪӰƶӰתͺһ缲۶ٶȱ֮ĦгҪϲ١
ڿ쵽ʱԪŲܿͣ
˽ŲʩչӰΪ뱻˷֡ŵ·š
ʦ
Ԫ·ţҪһʿʱһ˹ȻһɫİµͣԪԱߣҡ¶һžµ㷢Ե֪ԣʡ
ѩ
ԪȻһϳһŮ˭
ԪѩûʲôøУ俴һۣת뿪ˡ
һԼöɹһǮ˵ǿˡָŮǮʵʵȴССŮˣԪһûкøС
ʦһ¡
ʱѩȴƿ׷Ԫǰ쿪˫ۣסԪǸľҲԪǰ
𣿡
Ԫüͷ΢΢һ塣ԼǰɹѾ԰ɹĹãӦûʲôβõġ
ģʦϴεҩĸ׵Ĳĺܸл㡣ǻǷҽҩûиҸֲ㡣
Ҳû뵽·ϻ㡣ԣ죬ԶٷȻһǷҽҩѺòã
ѩһֿؿԪ
Ԫĸ׵ľˣԪǳ˸мġرǺȻѰԪѩоΡʵϣЩѩѰԪѵ䡣ҪúøмһԪ
ԪĿɨɨѩѩƺϵģǮ
ϾҲСĿˣûǮǲС
Ԫԥһ£˵ͷðɡϾڶһ¥ҵ㡣
Ԫ˿һҽɽˮ¥Ĳ¥Ȼת뿪ˡ
ãллʦһ׼ʱ
ѩæ
ѩֲϲǷ˶ŮˣԴϴǷԪĶ֮һֱЩ˯žлỹԪĶˣȻޱȡ
ѩתص˳ų뿪ˡҪȥ̨ϰءҵԪҲһࡣ
ֻѩһ̨µʻ˳ȥ󣬺ܿں⣬һ߳һµĸߴӡ
ǵĶԻ𣿡
ߴӿ˿һ̨ڽݲ洫һδĶԻ
ˡ¼ĶԻʾɽˮ¥档˾ҪҵˣԪ


30 
شƭ飬ͰܹˣûǮֻҪ
һѾ˸ɱĸزķȥޣһο¸ˡ
ֻһŮˣеǰ취
޼˹ȥ¥£һŷŵֻԪ޲Կ׺롣ֻƽʱǿŵģԪȥˣ˳ˡ
޶һˣ޶һȢˣ
¥£
һɵŮˣһӾ͵űȢһԼҪȢ϶ԹԵĿŵġ
Ȼôһ¥Ͼ̽һͷ֦չޡ㷢֪Գ
޶һˣȢˣ

޲ûлشֻתȥˡ޽ȥˣػΪ¥Լŵġ
ţš
˭֪ûеȵ޿ţ¥ϷһͰϴˮ


һͰϴˮصͷϣ˴ʪ˸͸һֻм棬صϣһɳζ˹
ޣ㡭
û뵽ȴԼɫ䡣һϵණһߴ
ޣʲô
ޣôҵˮ
ӡУ޻ǵһԼء
޶Ѿˣʵܾǰ;ˡԪ˵öԣҩɾȵġ
һֻŽңΪһҡһΣҪٱƭǾˣ
˵תͽȥˡ
ޣҽȥҸͰ޶޶
޶ҪȢ㰡
޶㲻鰡޶ұ˱ƵͶ·ˣ޶ң㿴
޶
һʹеֶΣ޴¥ϵȴ·ûһ㡣
Ҳû뵽ԼƽͺһȫİںԼһأֻ
ģŮˣ
ʹ޼Σֶζʹˣ޻ûа㷴Ӧȭͷյÿ졣
ײһ·ţײײ˼ΣԼĸ첲ײʹˡ
ֻҧ޺޵سȥˡҲ֪ô£ھȻôˣ

޼˳ȥһܻģȭͷյýģ·š
ǽôȻˣ
ǣŪǮô죡
һţһšǮûܹˣǷһƨɶծ
ڲŪǮ޷ӰƵأǮĲӹˣûǮˣϰ߲ˡ
ţţӵ·ͷ߰˸Ű˹ҿƺѰʲô
һ߰˸죬ɫһ䣬æתܡΪЩ죬ǷծˡһתͱǼˡ
ǣ׷
߰˸һϳ˹ҪܣɫͽͿˡһӾͱ߰˸סˡ
ܰܣǷ飬Ҫһ£ô׵°
ǣСӵܡܵóүĲ
һƺϴˣ˾ӡ
үүʵǳﲻǮҵʱ䣬ҵʱ䣬ҰǮ룬ʱ䰡
߰˸Χ˹Ŀ׺ݣᶼҪˡ֪ЩֶεġҪүһﶯˣԻúܲҡ
ʱ䣬ʱܰϵһȣ
ү˴һµĻȥ¾ͽظѹ˵ϣһһס
Ȼһݹһѵүүŵȥ
СӣǮܡ㵹ܰܵȥ
үĵصϡ
ŵûɫæĵүүңҿԻǮиǺƯغܴүҰ׸šү
ƺʲôæȻô飬Լɴ
ǣ
صĻүɫһ䡣ĵ˿
ʲôǣ𣿡
үء
㣬㡣ҹܻͷءҪǲ򲻵ѣƬֻƬ쿴
غץһݣæ
ſأһģһֻ
˿Ȼ޵ƬԸУȶˣ޵Ƭү۾һֱΪȷʵһƯŮ˰
Ȼ㡣椣ֵʮ򡣡
ү޵ƬˮҪˡ
ǿǣϹءǷծ򣬵ʱҵ㣬Ů˾ˡô档ү
شӵ
ôƯˣС޸ôҪǹȥǿǿɾͲˣ
үһ޵ƬͶȤҲŪǮŪŮҲûпء
ûϵҵĻءҵŮˣһҾͳ׸үˡ
Ц⡣ôǰû뵽ð취ء
޲ԼӣԼǮԼ͸ɴ
үܹüǮء
غһӷһ֮·ǰϲõĹâȻү޼˹ȥ
һ뵽ôԸеŮһ٣ү۾ƺҪˮˡ
εεӣɲܹİһΣ֪жꡣ


31 ѵ
Ԫ˰
Ԫصҵʱ޽㾲غԪкûкԪ˵ղع顣˵صһҳѾȥˡˣԼ۾͡

Ԫ˵ͷ߽Լķ䡣
С׻Ѿͳȥˣȵ֮ԼȥͿԲȡۻˡ
һ׮¾һԪ˴ϣ˶ࡣ
ϣС׻ܹۻʹƻֻɣҪǿֻôԼͿʱ򣬷С׻ԽеڶΣδˡ
̣һαһѶȴһαһҪС׻ࡣ
ԪС׻һҪɴ׶Ӧò顣
Ԫ۾
Ϊǣ£Ƶȼ硣ÿһζʵشͻơ
һﵽĶ壬ͿԽܶɽ٣Ȼ뿪磬ˡ
磬ֱܲӵпԸӰʵ
ԪսȭͷӰһӻŵΨһ
ڷɨ˵ϱҲ˵ϲֻֽѵĸо
ͬʱҲԪ˺档ܸоԪһйµˡ
ҺҲǱȽƯŮˡϡ治֪ϲŮӣҪʲô̶ȡ
ﰵ
ֹŵʱ¥µķŴ͵һ𶯡Ȼһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˹ȻһȺ˳¥ˡ
￩һֲõĸоȻһ£žͱ߿ˣصȳ˽һЦؿޣ
أ
һû뵽ֹˣ߿¥µķţһΣȻ߰˸ӡŰӣΧ˹һͶʲô࣡
߰˸һ߽һɫԵĿϣĿ飬Ѿѹ·վǰһ㡣˶촽Ȼһһ˵θסˣ
ٺ٣ޣ㲻ǮͱҶ㲻Ѿүˣ
俴޵
޴һۣԽȳ£ˡԸеģﻹ΢΢Щ᲻áʱҲֲ᲻ˡ
Ƿծ⳥ޣͺúźүλүɡ
ʼ硣
ʲô
صĻɫһ䡣û뵽ؾȻȻҪԼ׸⼸ծˣ
޵ɫһɷأڲš
ΪԼѾ͸أû뵽оԶԶԼʲôˣԼǰϹ۾
޵ģүѾ̲סˡô£ķң
үһץסأӵ˺棬ǰһ޵ǰһ˫ɫԵ۾סӡ
ٺ٣ǰɡǷǮΪŮýǮǡɣұ֤ġ
үɫ˵꣬һ־ǰץȥ
æһ˿Ԫ˹ȥ
Ԫ
ײţһӾ˵ԪĻĽԪϣֻܹԪˡ
ܣܵȥ
үʼ磬Ȼ˿ҡѾɫ£ᣬϸŽ˷
ү޵һۣ֪ŮӲˡԼҪһҪݺŪһٱ飡
үСܸ˷㿪ʼ·Լһ˵ϴ󣬵ȻҪԼȳζСεεˣ֪Ҫô淨Źˣ


˭֪ҽȺ˳Ȼ˽Ļ˳ͨͨ˵ϣҵһѪ˳
ʲô
û뵽仯үɫһ䣬ǰ濴˹ȥֻڷһͦε˳Ա߻޸ޡ
ô£
û뵽ﻹбˣүɫһ䣬˿ء
ޣȻСҹ
سȥָ޵ıӴ
ž
վŵԪͻȻ֣һɨ˹صϡ
һؾͱɨ˳ȥͨײǽϣȻһ˹ȥ
ڷ飬ԪҲ
ǳ˷ŭ
ǸƭǮƣԪˡԪҲˡ
Ԫû뵽ôƷȻôһޣ
ֱսԪĵߡ
ԪͷĿһȺɨȻүϣ˫Ŀдź⡣

һ۴ԪﺰõүһĪһ
֪ΪʲôԪֻһˣ֮Уȴһ־޴ѹָо˶һħһ㣡һĹ֣ǸоԪŭ⣬Ҳǳ˾޴ޱȵѹ
ʱ˿̣վԪҲоǰδеİȫС
ԪıӰ;÷̤ʵܹеһУܹԶƽһ㣡
̤ʵȫһӶѰŵĸо


үȭͷսÿ졣
ˣȻܱԪôһŻӳȥˣôԺôϻ졣οĻһ޶˵Ůˣ
ãСӣҺ֮飬ûϵСӲӦøҹ
үһһԪ˹ȥһͻȻԪĸ첲ץ˹ȥҪȽԪ
ֻһָץȥԪĽѾ̧һţү֮䡣

ǵʯ֮䣬һĵʹ˹үҽһͨϹȥס棬亹һھ
û뵽Ԫôݣô죬һǸԪ߱ˣ
˵һΣ
Ԫǰһһ˵ذϡһŲȥȻڴשذӡһһĽӡһǰδеѹȣҲȻϮ̮һ㣬õ˶͸ֺҪϢĸо˶̲ס˫ȲҪϹȥˣ
ǵذȥүɫˡû뵽شԼҹģȻһ֣
Ԫɢʵ̫ǿˣµЩǲĲȶڶ
ߣ
үŤţӵȴҲԪǰˡѾԪʵ֣ǼԵֵġ֮ʱ޺޵ؿһۡأǹԼǰɣ𣬼ˣ
үתһȺæƨƨߵ˳ȥǻһ˲أ˹ҲҪûܡԪȥȴססصĵ·
ЩҲֻһȺѣ׵أ
磬
Ԫֶһţػ¶ڲšԪסȥһֱסԪĴȡ
޶޶Ұɣ޶´Ҳˣ޶
ԪĿޱıģæҪ˹ȥ
ԪûиᡣԪһץ˹ȥֱӽȻŷ˳ȥ
ͺһֻСһԪĴ£ظˡ
ֻǾؿţûгؾȻôѾ޵Ҳֵͬ飡
ֻԪԽԪĺˡָߴְȫУһӰˣ
Ԫһ·ߣزϵšԪûһ㣬һ⣬Ԫطŵ˵ϡ

ƺʶʲôתҪܡʱԪһصһϡ


Ԫһ£صһȾͷһӹ˺üͨ˵˵ϣ
ʹҵȶˣ
رסԼڵϴ۲ҽΪʹٶŤһ亹ð˳ʹúʱҪȥһ㣡
ԪһĮ飬ȥһ̧ȥ
һ̧£ȴصһϡ


һ˹صһҲԪϵˡ
طĲҽʹˣͺˮ嶼ڲţšǴʱʹģԪǰû˿á
ҪӦеĴۣ
ԪȥһصϣȻһȥ
һĹ˹صֹͷȵѿֺһʯͷȳ˷ĩʹ裬۲ҽţ֫屻֫⿪˺˿һ
ʹİšȴȻֹԪĶ
ԪţĮʱ˿̣һͷķ٣һԱޣ
ԪԭҪȡصĹ룬һ
ֻǷص֫ԺҲûк˵ı¡֫ȫϣأպҲˡ
Ѫ죬ȾƬأһ˻ߵİ˵ϣһܶˡľնѾһһ㡣
֫ȫ٣˺ѷεʹľʧȥ֪ȻԪһ̧صϣ
һ̧˾ͷ˳ȥͨַȥüԶûһԵҲûпӰ
ԪĮؿһۣȻת뿪ˡ
Ԫص˼ң޽Ѿʰˡ
лл㣬Ԫ
Ԫ˽޽ԪĻ֪ôԪǸм
Ѿˡɧˡ
Ԫƽ˵һ䣬Լ˹ȥ
ԪĻ޽Ľһ¡ȻֿԪķ䡣ԪûйĻΪԼȴܶܶࡣ
һĬԵˣһеˣһ˰ȫ̤ʵˣ޿ԪıӰͺһ㡣
ЩԪһᷢȥ׷һˡЩ꣬ԪϲĸŮ֮ǰԼ׷Ԫֻ᲻Լһָ飿
ϧһжɵɵؿЦ


32 Ի
ңһ޴ĺڡ
һȾţһͦװӾ޴ش˶ԵӢͦΡ
Ķ棬һʮװ׺ӵϵ
ϵһɷǵģݣͬɲ񣬵һ˫۾ȴӥʱһڵĲ裬˼ģ
ˣһһҪҳҽѵѵǸԪСӡ
սȭͷЩԪ޵˼㡣
˵Сҩһѩĸ׿˹
˰κ˿ˡ
ԡСҽ߳϶вΪ֪ܡңһһߡ
ŵ
ʮа˾Ŵˡѩĸ׵ĲҿҲβáΣô̵ʱκãֻ˲٣СûҲһ
˺˿ڲ裬Ǹһ˿Ц
磬󲿷˶ͨˡ߿˵֮٣ëǣûм
ߣҪôõ湦ҪôõĵرΨ档
Щ湦ĵرȴ֮зġҲͨбŲ𽥳ɳγɵġ
ڵ磬ʮʮ֮УڻĹ
ЩʵӴԴڶ࣬ǵеĳ
ЩݲߴڵģҲ˵һߣЩұɱ¾Դ
ϾڵԴʵ̫ˡ
һЩߣֻܹ֣ǿܹȫԼҲǺܶ˲֪ߵһԭ
ǿͬҲͬ¼͵˴˶һͬԼ¡
һߣͬҲһ´ڵġұǽһңҲǻ֮һĻңߣֻڻҵı£ܲɱ
Ԫȴǻҵߡ˲ҪɱϵԴ
үү
ʱһڴҴææ˹
ҵԪСӵˡ
ʲô
ⱣڵĻڵһվЩ췢˺ܶȥѰԪɾûҵԪ䡣ԼҵԪȻ˷ޱȡ
ǵ˸ѩС㣬û뵽ѩԪˡһԼһɽˮ¥ĵط档
һ˷֪ܵԼһһ͡
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ǿʳֻдӵͼߵԴܹһ
˽ʮ꣬ٹãǰڡֻ١ЩߵԴ־ڱصá
˵ڻɽ֮УҵһԻ湦һЩԻݵݣſʼ·ġ
ȻͶ˻ң˻ҵԴҪٽһҲͬڵ졣
ΪҲܽԴˣֻܹӸͼԴԼʵ
ܲпᣬԴϡȱĵ磬ˡ
һǱԴɱ
ĵӣЩ˼ɡǶЩģͬʱӵԴߣǾǱΧɱĶ
˺òԪôһȻ

ԪڶǰСʱͳˣѩԼ˼ģϲٵҲϲٵˡ
ѩŮˣԪ˵ϺøУҲ˵
ѩҪԼǮԪǺܸ˵ġϾǿöɹ׬ǮԼǮԼǮôܲûءԪһˣԼĶһҪõ֡
Ԫһʿ
Ԫ׼ʱˣѩʵñԪ硣ʵϣԴԪİɹԼĸ׵ĲѩԪ͸мβѡ
ѩϲľǷ˵飬һһĻᣬ͸˵Ĳˡ
һͿųȥˡ
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⣬ֻвʮˣô찡
ѩ˿ʱ䣬æ³һ³ӡǳӳ⣬ôҲ޲ˡѩüɵ
ڿȥ޳ѾʵˣΪ׾ͻٵѩһʿ
ѩųܿһʿͣѩǰѩ˽ȥ
ɽˮ¥
ѩ˵ʿ˿
Ŷá
ĸӦһ㿪ųǰʻȥ˿ѩȴһ˿Ц⡣һĸ粻ǱˣԱߵһڡ

Ԫǰʮӵɽˮ¥˽ȥ
ɽˮ¥˲࣬мλǿŵģ˿ڣ˵в٣ڻ̸ʲôôˣȴûѩӰԪüͷ΢΢
Ӿ͵ԼʱˣѩûҪǳٵˣԳⲻɡϾһѩԼԼġ
ԪҲûж˵һλֱȥ
Ҫȵʲô
һķԱԪǰ
һɡҪ˵ġ
Ԫ
Ŷ˵ĲǾɽ28һҪ𣿡
ԱԴŹֵؿԪ¥˶ͦӵģֱӵ˵ģǵһοءԪϵĴŴ磬ҲȻˡˣǲǮˡ

Ԫ˵ͷԶһʵݣϾֻǲѣֲݡûбҪôġܿԱͽһɽ˹
Ԫţһ߿ʱ䣬һߵʮӣѩûйĻԪͲٵȥˡ
Ԫﾲŵʱһϵ֪Ӻδ˹Ԫǰ
λС磬ϵ̸һ𣿡
ϵԴ˻Ƶ˹
Ԫ̧ͷĿϵʱһΪоϵһˮֻܿõϵЦȴ
ϵԽأԪ̲סҪϸȥҪ͸ˮϵģԽͷϵԽģˡ
ԪΪоϵƽˡ
Ԫͬ⣬ϵԪǰȻģԪܸоͷЦһִüĿЦ
ԪǰȻӻóһͲͲܼªʮ
Ԫ͸ϵݣĿⲻϵͲסˡ
Ͳһóһ󵭵ζɢ˳ɫ㣬Ŵĵһ㡣
ԪĿһ䵽Ͳϣͺһӱסһ㣬Ͳ棬ʲôĶԪߡͲ֮ϣ󵭵ԪĿڱǼ䡣
Ԫоĸоָо˶ҪƮ֪֮УԭЩŵһӷ
С磬ϵɫڵˡϵԵΪһ԰ɡˣѡһǩɡ
ϵһ˵ţһҡͲƽܵͳͺһں˵һȴִ˲ܾܾζ
һҡͲǩͲסζµڻζţϸȥȴֳֳһֹرǩ֮ϵ·ֹŹֵĹ켣ԽϸȥԽҪ·סһ㡣
ԪĿһǩ֮ϣһӱסһ㣬棬ǩĻζζ׷·켣·ģ񶼱ǣסˡΪһͲ֮ϣʲôص˵飬ԽϸȥͻᷢԽ䣬Խ˿͸
ϵ˫ĿԽԪϵ̬º͡
˫ֶԽԽˣͲڵǩԾζγʮСţźţһ޴гš
ԪĿҲһвȥҪȥһ
ԪﲻɵһʶֲҪѿһȴһӴһסԪ۾񲻷š
Ԫɵô󾪣ΪͻȻоΣյĽ٣
ĪĪһϷΪԵۡĪĪУ⣡
ԪҪʱϵͻȻ߶ǵͳֲɣȴĳ·ԪԺһ㡣ܹѹסһеķ
ԭҪԪͺͻȻ䱻һ㣬һӴľضסϵͲʱ˿̣ȴȻľʧȥеʶ·һһ㣡
ԭʶΣգһ˲䣬ϵһȣͺеʶԻסˣסˣʧȥԼһ㡣
Ԫʱ˿ϵ飬ϵ¶һ˿Ц⡣֪ԪѾԼԻˡ
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æ˹¾ͳǰţź˹ȥ
óԿףһһ㻨ӣŽŴ򿪡
꿸Ҫתȥź椱˵ʱ򣬺椾Ȼһ˽Ԫ̧˹


36 
û뵽һ˾ͽԪҪ֪ԪǺܳܳİ꿺˶δرö׾ٵģ꿶Ժ椲ɵùĿ࿴ʱҲûʱ侪ˣ¥ȥ
ǰţ椱Ԫںţ˵ĲӶܿ졣
ס¥ҲǺܸߣǺ·ˡҪˣײˣɾͲðˡ
ԽĵԽ׷ڶ¥¥ݹսǵĵطһУŮӺŸɵ
һУŮӭ꿺ͺ椷׷һȻû뵽Ļˡ
ۣ꿣㱳ʲô
һУŮһ˫۾ס˺ϵһ󴲵һ𣬸ʲôһǺģ
ûûʲô
꿻Żŵʾ⺩椸Ͻߡ
Ŷˣ꿣ǲμĿǲǣǰд⡣ǰֻ֪࣬ݻ硣ʲôĿ
УŮҪ椱ϱʲôæסˣ椳ûͱԪ¥ȥ
࣬ȡǵĴ⣬ǰеģܱ׿ʱ㿴֪ˡ㲻Ҫͱ˵ʱûϲˡ
꿷Ӧ죬˵󣬾ͼææˡ
ˣһ϶Ҫ꿰ùھˡУǰҲҪóһЩС
һУŮҧҧǰ༶ΪѾ׼û뵽꿰༶Ӵ󵨣õУŮܵ˺ܴѹ
ſڣ꿺ͺ椶ųһĺæŴ򿪣ú椴˽ȥˣԼϷţȻҴ¥˹ȥ
ҪԿ׷ŻȥءԿײŻȥĻҲ¥ܰɻġʱˣ¥Ͳˡ

ĺΡΪ¥ܰ¥Ͳ֪ô
أأһأ
ʮĵסͺĴţȴôҲûп˵ˡȻ˸ܵŮ¥һ̵ȻǼߺˣ
СŮЩѧҲҵϷⲻǽһ¥̲ܰ
̣ԣԲ𰡣ʵǺ㿪Цġ
ڨڨصҧгݣǺˡֿɶ飬ƫƫҪԼ
ʲôЦ
¥ܰɫһӱˣԼææ˭֪ѧȴԼ˵ǿЦġܲﶼҪĲ˵Ҳɢűĺ⡣
̣ҽ͡ʵǰⰲŵһ顣ǲһ¥̵ܰĺġΪŮĺܲȫе¥ֲܰǺܸ鶼æģһС¡
ǰ̣ͱ˲һˣһܺõİ̡һѧУ˵顣ҪУ쵼ӹʵġ̣õ¥̡ܰ
ұŻ

û뵽Ȼôһ£¥ܰ̾һֿ˿Χ
ڵѧǹ龫ֵĺܣϲһЩ߰Ķڻһʲô顣ҿԼĳãʱˣȻ֪ᱻдʲô
Ⱒܿ˿ʲôεͷһ
ŶԭǺǣûϵѧ飬̵Ŀ϶Ҫúøõʲô鰡̵Ʒ㻹Űأ󣬵Ӵ󣬱ССŮʲô飬̵ȻҪˡˣ̻飬̾˰
ԭỊ̇ôһ˵ȻŪ˹ȥȻ¥˹ȥ
뿪һѺҺð̶鲻࣬ȻĻ֪ôճء
꿣ߣʲôⶼȥУһҪúòҡ
æ¥˹ȥ

Ρѩɽѩһѩ̨֮
ڻԻ͵Ĺ֮⣬һкţ촽Ұ࣬һ˫۾ȴؿǰѩ
ѩɽ֮£һƬħУֻѩǲ֮
ܹΪѩӣһƽҪΪѩӣ͵֮ʰ
һݵкֻͨƽʡ
ѩ֮죬ȴûһѩԸΪͽ
Ϊûһѩӻһƽӹĵӡ
ѩ䣬ٹ죬кǶҪˡȴû˿Ҫ뿪˼ѩԼԸһ㣡
ʲô֣
кӲʱһ۵˹ȻһŰ´ԼŮǰ۵ɡ
Ԫ
к³һۡ
Ԫˡ˻ġǳԵĶôҲһЩɡ
⾫СŮһѩԪǰԪкȴû
ҪΪѩӣѩңҾԸ
к̧ͷƴȫ˻Ƶź϶Ǿǿ顣
ಫܻóΪѩӵĻᡣ
ѩҲвĵطѩʮͨӣһһ㣬˿УѩԵ뿪ɱ⣡
һϱ·ƶˣϵѹȣȻõк֮˿
޴ѹһɽкĺкҧһ԰ףȴʼûкһ
ʦ
ǾµСŮȴǰ߳һѩǰ
ӰԸԪΪͽܣΪʦʦ׼
ǰСŮ˹Ԫ岻ɵһ
Ӱѩ֮УֻͨӲͽʸ񣬶һ֮УֻͽˡӰҰͽҲûƻصĿܣ
һϵִ˹
ʦͽѾ̤ͨؾ
Ů˹
ʲô
ѩ֮УһƬȻ̤ͨؾǺεȵΪ컯
̤ͨؾȻͽĿܡ
һ꣬Ӱ꣬ѩ֮ĿͨӣҲѩΨһµĵӡ
һ꣬Ԫ꣬ѩһӰµΨһͽܣ
ԪտݶӰԪա
Ӱ飬һʮꡣ
ԭƽӹԪȻҲ̤ͨؼ
ٹ꣬ѩپ䣬Ӱִѩ
ٹꡣԪõ飬컯
ٹ꣬ԪӰǰѰ֮š
ٹһ꣬ѩңӰΪԪԪԪ
ǧ£֪మͬһͬˮӿ

ӰʦӰ
꿵ĴϣһĻһĻ֡ʶٵǧĭһһΣÿһ涼·ԪԺ
һٻӰʼջ֮ȥ
ԪսȭͷšһػԼͬʦͬһϧԼŮڲˡ
ԼȴҪ¶Ĵ֮СǶԼĽѡ
ʦ
Ԫ촽⶯ţ˻Ҳʹ
ԪôˡԪҰ
ԪԱߣëԪĶͷԪһʹģżĲˡȴֲ֪Լô졣
ᶼ


37 Ѳ
˰죬ûҵԪ䡣ɫˡ
ǵѲ鷶ΧΣΣĵطѲ򡣿̺ʽǵصѲ飬ȴҲԪκε˿
ҲƴҵһҲһԴ
´ѧһӱΪӿ´ѧĺ±ڸˣһһţţеֱӽ¥ڽѲ顣
ѧУĻ̻̣ŷʲô顣
ô죬꿡кöѧУȥԪأ
ȥ򷹻ŵ
šŮᣬ׷鲻ġ
꿱򶨣ߵ̨ȥ˿Ȼ¥߶šЩڷѲţҲǻңҵԪʱ򣬾ҲԪˡ
ϣ·ϣûб˿ɣȻıˣ¶֪ʲôӡǵġ
Ԫˣ
ŮżʱԪ۾
Ԫ
˹ȥһסԪ֣ɫޱȡ
Ԫɫǲ԰ޱȣһƣģȻĿ꿣ɨ
лл
һ䵭ллԪ﷢㲻˵ˡ˻һöɹһöȣ۾Ͳ˵ˡ
ԪôҪҪҽԪ
վԪԱߣżö֪Ǻá
꿣ȵԪϢһ°ɡȳԶ
ܹԵ°
꿣ΧԪߡ
Ԫ˰ɹȺӿӿ˹󴵷塣
ԪоЩů⡣ֻԻʵ̫Ԫ𣬲úϢѲ
ԪѾָ˲٣ǲ˵ΪҪһеӦκοͻȻ
Ͼ˺϶ڷ˷һѰԼʱأпΣ٣

СС㣬үǵֻʮ˰ˡ
һϹܼѩǰ
ѩҧҧ׿϶վǱߵģ˵ʲô׾͸ˡ
ĭ绰ǹֵģæѰҡҪԪʲộһŹ㣡
ѩȭͷյø졣

ԼٹСʱɫѾѧУѲЩһһ뿪ˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳû뵽˻ὫԪŮѧУﾭһ֮󣬺ܿҲƽȥ
ָԪ˫֮Уһ˿⡣
꿣˯ɡѾûˡ
Ԫ˿ػԱߵŮӡ
Լһ£ɰһɡѾָɵʵҲûбҪôˡ
Ԫûˣ̫ˣˣ
Ԫ˹ȥһѽԪ˻˵ᶼҪˡ
һ쵽֪˶ٴΡĵһԪ£һЩѲ
ˣˣ˯ȥɡǸ˭
Ԫ˿ǷŮӡ
ҽ
æͦվ˳
˯һɡ
ԪҲࡣչԼж˰ɡ
Ա߿ͺˡ
ԪֲϷſˡ
Ա߷ӰҿˣǶȥ˯ɡصƣ
Ԫû취Ůֻûص˴ϡ꿺˯һ
ƹһӺڰˡ
ڰԪһ˫ޱȣ˻ץסһöɹһöȣȥ۾ֿʼ
ŹתڵӿȻһͷϣϹ
ҹܾŮȻǲ˯ŵˡΪ⻹ǵһסһ
꿣椣˶ǼһľǼ;Ķǡ

ڿҪʱԪۣ˫Ŀһ˿γĹâ
Ѿ׻ָ˹
ÿһȼʵĲ𣬾ص⡣ԪڣһϵǴǰڣѹԪ޷ܣ
һԪζҪˡ
Ԫɨɨңֵʱ꿣кŮ˯˹ȥϾʱҲˣȻ˺ܾãǵҲ
һŮһζԼĿܻɥ
ԪӴ꿵ԱߣӸϡ
˯е꿻ǽüͷģµŮӣȢȻǼõġ
ϧԪѾ˱ˡһζһġϣԺܹһ˼Ұɡ
Ԫ̾˿ҵķţ˳ȥ
ĹâԪţ߹¥ݣᡣ
У԰ĻôģԪ뿪У԰ֱӴһʿ
˺ҲԪѾ˸ȥˡʱԪߵһ·ͨ˳

һ޴Ļ
ɫšʶΣʶˡ
߱Ͳ࣬һһߣͱϾɱֻܹԼϾߵıǿǷǳģ
Ԫʬ뺣Ҳˡ
˿ڿȡʮСʱЩС
ǽ˳ɡǶˡ
Ԫôصˣ㲻ҲһзˡɲʲôвҲ֪Ϊʲôôš
УҼѲ飬һҪӴΧѲ顣
վ
ϱбԻ֮£Բߵģ
˫Ŀо˸š
㲻һֱҪ𣿺ãֻҪܹԪҵҿΪͽ
ʲô
˵Ļɫһ
ǮȨʲôܹΪһߣǿǴư
ֻǻһССߣǵҶҪϵһš
ҪԼҲһߣܹ߰
áͼ֣ζҪԪҵ
תȥˡ

ѩ˺ӱߣƾҹ紵ѡѾһû˯ˡ
磬Ԫ£ҲԪһ˸ץ˹ȥ
Ҫ֪ԪǾԼĸ׵ĲԼȴһٶ
ΣĥѩԸǸԼ
ԪԪҲ֪֡ȻһжָʹģǣɵġǧҪòã
ѩ˺档һƬӿ̵Ҳûжˡ
ûпԪʬ壬Ҳһ顣ûпԪʬ壬ٻ֤Ԫţûȥûȥϣ


38 
Ԫ˻ɽ֮Уԭĵ·һ·ǰܿҵС׻ĵط
ɽڣС׻Ѫ˾ĶǡԪ첽ȥֻС׻ĶˣһǶ䣡⻨ǶŲĴָ״С˷вšոɵСһ
һ䣡
һĻǶ䣬Ԫɫһִʧĸо
С׻Ļ֣һۻһǴƻֻۻƻֻе£ܹܺ
һС׻ֻ˴ƻô³ҡΪпԪõС׻Ϊˮһգ
һ仨ǴƻĻǾͱˡҳװæһ
ԪЦһ
̫ϡˣһС׻ʮ䣬۴ƶСС׻ֻһ䡣ǵͼľ԰ɡ
һ˻С׻ͻܿȥʱԪһпܾһ
µȴҲԪܹıˡԪֻܹȴС׻ų
һ޻Ԫ塣ɽ֮У˵ȻǷֲԼ˵Ǿ԰ȫġ
ڶһһŨĻԪڵһվС׻ǰ
ѪɲţһŨζҲ˱Ƕ˹ȥԲ֮ڣ¶ŵõС׻ζ
Ͼ⻨ʵ̫Ũң̫ˡ
һ
ԪС
С׻лһǵǾۻһ˫Ǵƻ˫Ĵƻһ䣬Ԫûκõġ
ԪһţҲƵĽźͼһҪ˫һпɾͰæˣ
ʮߣۻ
Ԫ˷ܵؿҪȻС׻ֻһǶ䣬ǺôһۻۻҲܹԪһδǡĿǰԪ˵ȴǾĶ
Ϊûƻʡȥ˽һڣС׻ʹõʱ˲١ҲҪʱ򣬲ܹ׳졣
ȻֻһۻǶԪһδѾ㹻ˡ
Ԫת˳ȥɽͷѰҵһЩҰӣӵôãûгԹͶòˡ
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ԪǰȥС׻ʢ÷ãзôСһƬƬ꣬ޱȣͬѪһѪ졣
ԪȥСС׻ժ
ԪһС׻ժܿ޵ֲ㿪ʼѸϻ䣬һƬƬҶһأ
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һƬӽһĸоʹ˹ﶼҪһ㣬Ԫɾ׽һݺȥ
ȻֽʣĻȫժһһӽ׽ʣ
һӣԪĳθ֮Улȼһ㣬ķţ
һһˢԪ壬Ԫ඼Ҫˣڵ¶ȣҲţ
ԪС׻ȫ̵󣬱۾ʱһĬĬǣһޱȵ
С׻ǻԵݣɢԵһɢͷųԪ£㿪ʼϴԪǣ
ԭһϻĽǣһɴԵˢ֮е۹ļѪ⣬ճ˻ҽһȵҲӿȥͬһ󴺷磬õһյĽѪʼ
ԭϲݣһһ١Ұղ紵
С׻ԵҰڷԪ壬ԪЩ۹Щϻļȫոɸɾ
ɵļѪһгɳ쳣ǿͣ

Ԫ˵ϣʱ˿̣ΧĻ£ȼճһŵĻ棬˸Χ
ɫǺ죬˫Ŀ죬һͨ죡ûһȼգ
ϣֱϣÿһļϣһͬˮһ㡣Щ֮Уźɫ۹
ϴǷ裡
ǴԵС׻ڹԪڴݻԪƲֻл壬ܴ֮
Ԫܡǳܡ
оԼ¶ȲоԼʱضҪճ˻ҽһ㣡
37ȣ
47ȣ
57ȣ
һٶȣ

¶Ȼڲ̵ļ尾ÿһϸʹ࣬˺ѷΣܹܵġ
Ԫҧסֻܹȥеʹ࣬Ҳֻоʹ࣬
Ʋ
Ӽɵɱļ尾ʹ࣡
һ˲䣬ԪоԼҪһȹ̵ϢˣҧţԪҲܵһķգ

ԪͷڵĻ滹ڷţӿȵ˻ߵ˻
ŭһһͬһ棬˶֮ϣһɻȥȻһӽⶴڸȼˣ

꿵ֻ˯һСʱǵѹʱȴѾûԪ䡣
Ԫ
꿵һԪĴߡǴȴǿյġ
ףȥ˰
ͺҲ˯ۡΪԪĵǶûкú˯ֱ賿ʱ򣬲˯һСʱ
ˡ
һ˿ʧɫ
ԪƾѾָ˲٣û˹ӦԪԼߵġԪ߾ߣΪʲôԼкһأ
ЩʧԪһкԼûаԼԼˡ
Ŷˣ꿣Ԫʲô˰Ϊʲôˣô
ͺҲ
Ҳ֪ҺһôãĺöҺ񶼲֪
ҧҧӣԼ̫ʧˡ
˵ԼԪ÷أЩԪĸıôԼȴһҲûп׷ɱ϶⡣
ƫƫԼȴæҲﲻϡ
꿣绰ôҲôҲøлһǰɡ
֪ùһֻ
ͷûԪĵ绰꿿϶СýᣬŪԪĵ绰롣ʱԼͿչˡ˽ġ
ңûĵ绰Ӧûֻɡ
졣
ɣ
ͺһֵؿ꿡
һôţƵôûֻûе绰ءﾹȻԪĵ绰붼ûУ
꿵ǲԪŮѰ
ͺ椿꿣һӶ˼ͬ꿸ԪôãȴԼĵ绰붼꿡
ʧأʧأ


39 ŭ
ɳȥһһһһ飬ȴûпԪӰ
һߡ
̫ˡһ˵ˣôӵóҵģ
սȭͷԵޱȡʵ벻ףԪѾôصˣȻܹԼصѲȻܹԼƤӳȥһĻǷŭͲʣ
ͬ
˻³һ
ԪڣյԼһ֮£Բӵóȥġ
ΨһĽ;ԪͬͬʵΪͬİԪܹѳȥȻˣôܶصѲ飡
ô죿
üͷһѾͷˣҪٳһҪˡ
ڸоԼܲȫ
ߣԪԳѹԼһͨ˰ߵıٶ࣬ԪҪɱԼҲ׵ġҪԪָʵԼô죡һ뵽ԪֶΣ¾亹ð
ѰݵҲҪҳɱԴ
ŵ
ԪǶˡҷҪõԴɡɱԪǾһ޴ĻԼһв
áϵٷٷѰ
ҧҧѾֵֵزͲִˡ㽫췭ظҲҪԪҵ

ļҡ
ѩĳǰ
ףԪĸ׵ľˡȴҪɱף㣬Ԫòã
ѩڵͷˣĳš
ҵ̫ѩܶԿֻļҵˡļܹĻܹҵｫԪ
ˣ
ĳվȻŭ
;ٽһǿͿɽ˭ҲҡǸԪûæˣ㲻ʲôҵľˡο㲻ǸǮ𣿸ǮǱ˶飬㲻ٹˣǼҲǷԪģ
ĳ俴ѩ
ף㡭Ѫǰİף㣬æֹҺòã
ѩᶼҪˡǷԪʵ̫ࡣԪΪԼˣ治֪Ǻá
ž
ĳͻȻһƳѩϣѩһ϶һӡӣɫľȻؿĳ졣
ӣǸ׼ҪԪǸҪ֪֪ػһΣҲֹңһҪҵǸˣһԪȫļңң
ĳŭ
㣬ң
ѩӿ˳ؿĳ죬һԽԽİˡ¶顣ԭĳ컹һ˿Σһ˿Ҳǳ׶ˣ
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ѩתŶȥ
ѩ
ĳƺҲʶԼˣҪ׷ȥͣ
ֺγ뱨ǣ
ΪļңʲôʲôԷ

Ԫڵɽ񱻻һߣͮͮģΧ׵ĵطѾǴݲһƬڡ
һ졣
Ԫ۾ʱ˫һ˿⡣
վ嶼ֳ˹ͭһɫһ־׳ĸо
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Ԫ֪֮ļѾøӲļȻǼ⵶Ҳ޷ˣ
й٣÷ǿ
УϪˮ
ķԼ񻹳һף
һδǣﵽ˴ǰڣоԼѾ̥ǣʵ쳣ǿ
߳ɽһֳ
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Ԫ΢΢һЦ
һС׻õһδǵĻġѾԶԸ˵ʵ
Ҫ˪õС׻ڣѰҸС׻еڶΣδǣ
Щǵ֮֮ҵǸϵǸһЩʹĴۣ
ӱʮ겻
ϧԪǾӣԪгϾͱ
Ԫ߳ɽֱŻɽ˹ȥ
߳˻ɽһʿԪֱ˹ȥ
һ˺ӦԼɣԼֻҪһط˺˾ͻᷢԼ
Ԫ˵ʿڽֵɢţ

ҲǵģΪһʲôԪġȻҡ⽭ôҪһôװ
ǰҶһûˣ

ֵһͷ±һһߵͷһŻ񣬶ȻӡԪͷ
û취˭ҵүء˵ģȻֻķˡ
һڴͷɥŻǰߣȴûע⵽Ԫô߾
ԪԾǿĻ
ԭԪŲҪ˷Լû뵽±ڴԼԾԼ·ȥȻҲûпԼ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ԫһֵ¶ҪҵԼǻһ顣
ԪҪˣֻͨЩڡ±ԶˣԪֻת
˫ֲԪιǲҰ
±ڴͷɥǰţȻһعͷ
˭
±һͷҪƿڴ˭֪Ŀһ䵽ԪϣһӾסˡ
󣬴磬СӣСӡ
һ±ڿԪЩͰҲû뵽Ԫǵǰ
Ҫ֪ҵԪǿǿԵõʮĽ𰡣
±Լ۾ֻ˻ԴĻԪ˿ϸһֹȻԪ
̤ЬٴһﾹȻԼˣ
±¶ϲ飬ȴֺܿ˼ǿ˵Ԫֶġ
㣬СӣȻûҵúÿడ
һ±ڴóһذף׼Ԫһߺһߵæóֻ绰
ǰôãˡԲ𰡡
Ԫ΢΢һЦ
ԪŹֵΪõڶһһ㶵ġѰͨһһֻǰһﵹãܣԼһЦһڸʲô
ԪԽЦ±ھԽǻ
㣬Сֱܡ
һ±˫ȶ
Ҳܰô
ԪǰһЦøˡͻȻõϷЩ±ͦȤġ
ңɱ㣡
ԪߵԼǰ׵ľ룬һ±ͻȻһģȻһӽǷذԪѴ˹ȥ
һӣܽԪѴ̴һ


40 
ʲôԪˣڣԪ֣
ӵ绰ɫһ䣬ͬʱԭӰһһӾʧǰٶȼ֮죬ͺһһһգ۾ͲҪӹԪ䡣
ǸסԪһҪס
ҵ˵绰ϲͨһ롣
˸ҸԪ֣סԪˣ
̤ЬٴҵԪˣһΣΣܸĴۣҲܹԪ뿪ˣ

ǧһ
һ±ִΪԼĸɵԪΪһذ״̹ȥʱԪȻûжܡ
һ˲䣬һ˿ϲ顣ҪĸɵԪҲһĽˣˣϲޱȣһذ״˹ȥ˵ҲҪϴ̳һ͸
Ƭ̺ͷԼˡ
ΪذȻԪѣǾȻûнԪļƣ
ʲô
ǹ룿
һĻһ±ɫ˲ˡûп˵ƤӲȻذҲ˺˷ֺõģ
ʱ±ڵǰԪƽվţһ΢Цؿ
գ
Ԫƽ΢Цһһ±ڱŵûķذ׾͵˵ϣ
һδ֮ԪȻﵽ˴ǰڵʵڵԪѾǸֽǣѰĵô˵

Ԫſ˫ۣɱԼһ
Ԫƽ΢Ц飬ھëȻĸоܹΪڣҲѧһЩġԪ书ȴûпֱǼδţ
ܰ
ڴһæת˳ȥ
Ϊֻ֪ҪһУԪܹɱ
ʱסˣҪʮʲôأ
ڱŵܳȥԪʼ磬ǲû׷ȥ
׷ڣҲûκε˼ϾֻǸµģɱǣԪò˿ĿУϾڵԪѾŰСҿе͡
Ԫȴš
ţ
ţ
ͻȻһƿ֮Զ˹һɱͬһ㾢ɱԽԽǿңԽԽܹ˲佫̴һ㣡
ˣ
ԪȻһɱ˭ɫһʱת͵Żɽķ˹ȥΪһˣû˻ǿɱ
һ֣ԪҲһУ˵ľЩ޹İաԪҪ˴ɽ֮ȥȻɱҲϵıһԪ뵱ô˵棬չ¶Լʵ
ԪһԾ䶨һĳϣ巴һ䵽˶ʮ·棬ǰ˳ȥ
ԪýӰһһһĿⶼ׷Ͷ˹
Ͼ֣ޱȣĵӰһЩѰġ
ӣ
һֱԪָϹɫһΪоһǿı䷽ȥ
ҲǸת䷽Ԫ׷˹ȥ
׵ľ룬Ǳ˴ȴܹݶԷϢԷķ

ܿԪ֣ŰΧסȴѾûԪ䡣
أ
棬׷ȥˣ
һսս
ϡǣ
ָ³ȥԪһвնݱһβɱԪԺʳѰ

Ԫһ߱ţһ߼ٶȡ˹Ȼ׷ˡ
ߣԪСӶô죬ԭǵɽͷˡǶ㵽ɽҲóԺڱ֣ڵˣ
סԪӰ˫֮âӰȻһٶȼ٣Ԫӹ
һ̤ɽϣӰͬӥ㴩жʮ׵ľת˲ԷԪ׷˹
˶ߣٶȼ֮죬ңңȣںЩȴ׷ϲϣʱ˿̣֪׵


˺ԪľԽԽԽԽۿֻʣ²һǧ׵ľˣ˭֪ǰԪŲһͣһյϣȻת俴ˣ
թ
ԪŲһͣɫһ䣬˲ͦס˽Ųһǧ֮һϣشΧ
ԪڣԼĶ֡ԼӦûӴܲŶԣôͣ
ΨһĿܾթ
վʹţȴҲûпΧκļ
һ˫ӥ۾תţĴһһ磬һƬһƬطѰңɾҲκߵĴڡ
ˣͷβֻ㱾𣿡
Ԫ˹
ǽƻû׷ˣƻޱȣԼŪݺ
ߡ˭ͷβھ͹ȡĹ
Χ˺ð죬ʼûпκζߡʱ򣬷Ԫ˹
Ԫڣʱ˿̣ȻҺԼһս֪ηھΪԼĿʹĴۣ
Ի
һӿв֪ʱһְɫ
ȻһԪ˹
һ֮У̲ؼдԻݵϢһմˣǾͻᱻԻ
Ԫн䱸мơӰһӰת
䣡
һԪӰѳ˵ֱ˹λΧ
Ӱӣ
˿ǰһӳԪɫ󺧡֪϶Ԫյһ湦ɫޱȡ
۾ҲȥԪӰĬĬ߶ţȻγšָһŷֱԪ˹
Ի
ŭһԪʱͻȻ֮ը˿Ȼһ
ԪǰһӺһ޴£ԼǰһҪ׹ȥһ㣡һ˾޴Σ֮У

ʱԪѾڣﵽ˴ǰڣʵȻˡͬȵΪ˵ԻôܶԪã
ԪŭһըǰĻʧҷȻԪ˹
ôܣ
û뵽ԪȻܹԼĻɫһӱˡѿ
Իߵȼ߶ߵȼͣǿѹԵơԪȻͻԼԻҲ˵Ԫʵ
˼ԪȴһɰԵǿϢȻȻҲﵽ˴Ǿ磡
˵ɫ˲ѿ
Ȼ죬ʹ磬̤˴Ǿ磬⡭


41 Ʒ
ԪӰʩչûӰ˹
ټ٣˸ֱ治
ߣ̤Ǿһ㣡
˴һȻмһӰȥһ̧תʮ㾢һ£ʯͷ߳һ飡
ֻһһԪϣ˭֪ȴ֮У
ΪֻԪһӰӶѣ
ʲô
һˣɫ䣬ʶһתʱһӰѾײ˹
˵Ҳһߣмƣһ̽һͲУһۣһӻûٵֱԪ˹ȥ
ⰵͻȻϮ˸ʤԪʱѾˡһӾͱһѰһɸӣ¶һ͸
ٺ٣һħһɣСô
Цܿ죬ɫ˲ҰΪֳǰҲһӰӶѣ
ӰӰ棬˺棬ӰӱԷԼ棬Ӱڣ
˲Ǿ磬ôֱܷóӰ٣
ԪıԶվţ΢Ц֪Ͽ϶Ȼǲ٣
ûʩչӰȥ̽ĻղľԼˣӰ˾ٶĻذԪҲΪ壡
Ӱ
ԪͺһӰַ˿񱼶ȥ
ǰεĽѵ˺һѵһ㡣
Щ˹ĶӰӣɴͲˣ־ȴԪıƴԪЩӰ˷һ޴Ϊ
һԪ˹һźɨΪӰӣ۾
˭֪һȴʵʣһȻԪıɫ䣬һѪ³Ӱ˳ȥ
ͨ
һӵ֮⣬ȥüԶӶԪˣ
˺ĹڽһҵĻҲûпĹ
ɶ񣡡
Ӱ֮ټԪѾﵽ˴Ǿʵ˵ĻûãʱﻹԪĶְ
ʱ򲻹Ԫ֮æҪת뿪
Ԫôء
ӰһԪ׷ȥƬ֮󣬾˵ǰȻס
ҲֲǱӰӣһȭӭȥ
һȭ˹ԪҲûжƾȭͷԼϣ
һȭȥԪϣȴһӲޱȵĸְϣɫɵһʱԪһץ£˵ϣһۣ


һĹ˹˵ͱԪһӸ۶ˣ۵ķһʹҽУᶼҪˣ
ȻͬǴǾ磬˵ʵԽȻͬ
˵ԻݣȻҲݣҪԻǡ塣Ծﵽ˴Ǿ磬ΪҲûкǿ
Ԫȣȫȫ֮壬ͬǴǾ磬ʵȻرһ죬һڵأôȫ걬Ĵ򷨣
Ԫ۶ɫݣһԪɨ˹
һƣɨԵķһֳһ㣡
ԪɫһֻҲͬʱץȥס˵һֻ֣һۣ
ǲ
һĹ˹˵ֻȫԪϵˣ
̧ͷһЪ˹ĲҽУٶŤһ˫۾ɵúţһԪ޲óԪ⣬ԪѪ
ԪԪҲԪȴǴЦġ
㣬㣬ԪŹҡ
ʹʱ˿̣Ԫ˫ֱԪץסˣѲãʱ˿ֻ̣ҪԪһ
ŹҲԡûشҼС
Ԫɿ֡һ֣˺ʧȥ֧һ㣬ͨȥֻ̧ǰƴȥŵģһֻĹɫ԰ףȻǵɥһ̣
ǰڿѯԼô࣬޷ҪԼԴȻԼԪȻŹ
һ⡣ߣ㻹ʶЩ𣿡
ش⣬ͿҲ𣿡
˿ԪڵСԪʵڲòͷ
顣
Ԫ֡СɱңԪûôɵ
ֻʶҵߡǽһ壬ĹġҵõԻݣͶҡҽԻԻݽңҰҴǡ֮ǻҵأҪɱңҲ죡
˶ݺݵ
ߣϵʿƭ˭濴أõųԴٻңӲŴġڶ⣬ңԻݲ
Ԫ˵ƵģԽԽһӣ
ҵԻݶˡôܲϡҿŲƾǿߣԪͻԣǾ
˽ŵȻһƾǿߣ
ļ׶Σֱǣ£ơ
ⲻƾ磬ɾһ޵н׶ΰ
ǾͲƾ֮Ĳ࣬ͺһֻϺһͷһ㣬ԪҲû뵽ڵǿߣЩ
Ԫȴû˿ɫ仯
ңҲַܷˡ㣬Ϊɵôƻ˻ὫԻȫҡ˵ɣֲ㲻
ζ˵ģ
ҧ֪Լı֤Ի֮ˡ
Լ˵˳϶СҪ군ˡζ˵
㲻˵һְ취˵
ԪһֽȻɽ֮˹ȥ
ſңԪſңҲŹģԪſҡ
ʹȴ޷ԪѳȥԪһɽȻóһöɹˣִһЩҰӣŪһճҺ
ȻԪһһ㣬ͽճҺĨ˵ϡ
һʪʪȵĸо˹Ҳ֪ԪҪʲôŵúܡ
Ԫ㣬ʲô
˻ЩΪ֪ԪҪʲôŸӿ־壡
ſˣ
ԪǸһ˿Цؿš
ʱһһţҲ֪ԪʲôǿԪӾ֪ⲻһ顣
Ŷڿ˹ȥҪһܣû뵽ɽھȻиɫԴ̽˹³ӣ͵۾ɢź⣬Ȼһߣ
һߣ˻һΪоһǳԼģ


42 Ի
ʮӵʣԪ뿪ɽɽ⣬ɨɨݴ֮Уľ֮ڣвٵ䶯šһһɽķй飬һ˫˫۾˸Źâɭ
ԪûаոµĳŵŹˡ
һߣȻ˳𣬾;ԲܹŹŹǱǶԼشвԪɱˣҲһɱԼһնݳ
Ԫ˦˦ӣת뿪ˡ
ڻɽ֮Уٵĺ±ѰţԪһһܹǣ߳˻ɽһʿ
ǰ
Ԫ˵ʿƽص
˾ܿ쿪ų˹ȥͣһƾɵĴ¥ǰԪ˳Ǯ˳ȥԪʳֲԻݵĵطڡ
ڴ¥棬һƾɵԺӣԪ˿Ȼ˵һģһӦþ˵ĵطûдˡ
Ԫ˹ȥҲûпţֱӷǽ˽ȥ
Ժһ˱ǶԪţܿŷ˹ȥ֮ڣȻ赭ɫԻ
Իݲߣʮף濪˻Ƕ䡣ûпһһţ絾Ļһܶࡣ
ԻݵԻãԻøߣ˼ȻõԻݵӣ϶ȫҵģǻԼȻԺʩչԻûԻݼӳ֣ʩչ
ԪԻݵǰó飬Һ壬ԻݵĸܿԻݾͿʼˣһɢŨ
ģССĹӡһһţһԻݣȻʮŵԻӡ
Ԫһһժ
ԻʵƴߵĸоΪﵽһǿĵزǲͨЩԻӣҲͬԻԷǡ
ߣΪûǿֵزֻܹԻˡ
ԪЩԻȫժóһöֱӷһ¡
ʱһԻõϢɢõԪĿѣͷεĸо
ʱԪȴ͵ҧҧһϢӿ˳Ԫ˲˲٣۾ĬĬԻӵϢ
ԻֻƤëԻǽЩԻӳ뵽ԼѪ֮С
һʱʵսԻ
ͬһ⣬ʱ򣬺ߺܵԻĸţ߻ħ
Ԫ־ᶨһȫų
ͨһõԻ֮õģӲ֪ǿٱ

죬쿴
һȺ±ڻɽѰȴôҲҲԪ˵䡣
ţţһ±ۼһӾͷԶһһɽ
ֻһɽΧһӣ飬ͷ
еﻹһѪܵ⡣Ŀģ
찡ôôߣǣǡ
һ±һĻĿɿڴΪǾȻ˵·ϣѪܵģ
ˣ˱߳ˣ죬ǿ٣
ǰһĻɫȻҪ֪˿ߣʵǿޱȵģȻҲˣһ顣һæóֻͨĵ绰
һҲʱЩѾܿòˡ
ɫһɽ˹ȥһһСǰšһѪȵζϢҲɢ˳һŻĸо
ۣ
һ±ں񿴵ʲôȻһ˳
̫ˣ
һþսĺ±ҲתͷȥȥΪɽһĻʵ̫˸оˡ
ɫ԰ףһʬ壬ѾҧϡãĿģȴֱ治Ԫ˵ġ
Ǵ·Ӧˡ
ԪأҵûУ
ɫĵĻԪ
ûСɽѾǷˡûпԪ䡣£Ҳ⡣
˶ˣοԪء
˿϶Ǵ򶷴򶷣˭֪һӽһ߿֮СȻ˶߳Եˡ
˻ʬǣԪʬǶ޴ˡЩǵĴ⡣
ã˺ãҲá
ĿɽɨƺʲôǸЦ⡣
ʵҲá
תѡĸֵ£ɽ˹ȥ
˼ѰҵԪˣҲҪҵʬ塣
ɽĸĸų˵ס˹ȥ
ѾˣһЩԴ湦ɻڡ
˻ŵʱ򣬲˽ЩڸͼǺˡ
ѾˣȻҪ˵Ķȫˡ
ųƾɵĴ¥ǰ˳˿ĸ±ڡ
ĸҽȥеĶҰ
Լıӡ
˽ƻúܣ˭֪ûڷʲôءŲԹȥء
ǡ١
Ļĸߴĺ±ڱײ˷ţ˽ȥ
һԺӣԺӶ棬Ǽ䷿ĸƺҲоЩΣգŲһӱúˡ
ķڣԪۣһ˿⡣Ϊ߽Ķ
˿棬ıڡԪǸЦ⡣
ǸĽɫԺ󣬾Ϲ˵Ķˡ
ϧֻʣЩԻݣõˣû湦Ҳˡ
Ԫһ˼ʱָһɫСָϡոյõԻݣһԻá
˵סʲôذѡ
ĸһǰţһߵ
Ϲ˵ʲôء
һߴһ䣬ǽŲȴǷࡣ
ǣܸоɭɭġ
һڴһ˵ĽŲĸԺ¶ȵͶˣֱɭɭĸо˲ͺ¡
йҲҪȥ˭ٵĸء
һڵ
ʱһɫС˳һһڵͷϡһһľվһŷӦͻȻ䣬һ͵سԼϣ
ž
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ģԼԼʲôСŰ
һıæ
ûа
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һ뵽ʲôĸڽŲͬʱͣ˴˿˱˴һۣ̼䣬ëȻĸоһɹɺ⣬ǽŵװðһ㡣
й
뷨


43 Ի
ô찡
һǰԪһԻӳס˵ıڣԼ̵գ˫ŶڲûдԼôԼ׳ˣ⣬⵽ô¡
ţԼŻԼߣǰߣ
һĺ±ڼǰ˹ȥʱһȺҲȥ
ǻû߳һĺ±ҲǽŲһͻȻعͷһƳһϣ
ž
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룬Ҹɶ
һʹ˹һæŭڡö˶˵ıһ⣬Ǹ˶
ңûа
һΪ׵ıڿԼЩһ޹顣ղŷʲô飬Ͳֻ֪Լ䵽˶Էϣϻһʹĸо
ˣйǿ쳷˳ȥɣ
һη⣬ǿ϶ײˡ
ĸֻûһ󷢶ŵòУæƨƨ˳ȥ
ţĸ˳æôˣõûУ
һе顣
٣й
ڸסԼ̵յ
йƨһȺСС£Լȥ
ԼȺôûãɫҲǺѹԼԸԪֵôһȺôܶԸԪأ
Ѿˣ˭ܹŪ顣
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㣬ʲô룬췴
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һƺһֵıںͻȻ˹˻Դһӻˣ
٣Ҵİǣǹ
һڶҪˡôҲû뵽ԼȻ٣Լӣ
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ͷȻ˰ƣҪԼȥ
ž
һƳ˹֪ôģȻֹʹϣ
һƣһһͺһʹҲ˹۾˲ɴˣ
εĸڰĽô£ȻһٶĴԼ
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ͨ
ⱣǳʶԼˣһǰȥᶼ˳Ҳ֪׷ʲô飬ǹܲסԼְ
һ˫ʱʱϳȥȻָоеˬ⣬Լϰ尡Լϰ壬Ҫİ
ⱣڹǰҪˡ
٣ԺЩŹ֡ǻ߰ɡ
һڻŻǰ
Ҳ˿Ժӣôáϸ˹ȥȴܹоԺ͸¶ɭټԼЩĸڵı֣ȷʵЩĺ¡
ǰ٣ǸɡǽѡӲԡ
һҲˣæ
ҧҧԼļڶӣҪȥҲˡһˮ
ߣ
޺޵ҧҧתĸȥˡ

ղԪֻ⼸ϰһԻڲɱԻ۳ʱ̡
һеףԪȻŹ
۾һɫĹ۶ɺ󣬱˳

˳һĲġ
Ԫк⣬ҪŪԪˡҲˡ
ҵʧ˵޷ˣԺ˭ֹء뵽ԪҲֻԪԼȥ
˳һ̣ɫޱȡʱһɫĹԶ˹ˢһԺ
ɫһ㶵˳˫ĿľȻסǰںʲôŶһ
ʹţȴûаô˺þãһ˫۾ǰ
ǰĵ·ϣŮŮţһŮ§һߴѣһŮƨɺܴ·һŤһŤġ
֪ΪʲôһһƨɴŮˣ۾ֱˮ·Ҫһ
ͣ
ͻȻ󺰵

Ӻܿͣ˳ֱһƨŮ˸ȥһģһͷͷĹͷˮҪˣ
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˳ȥǼҲæ׷׸ȥȻǲʱ³Ҫȥʲô
۾ֻһ˶ƨɣһŤһŤģĻҪˡȥǷŮ˵ĺ棬Ȼͺһ㣬ȥһѱסǷŮ˵Ĵƨɣ
ɫǣ
һŮ˶ʱæҪ㿪˭֪סһƨɣǲˡ
¶Ц⣬һ߱ţһ߻ͷȥ
˵
ŮԱߵĸߴӣһˡŮѳ֣˭֪ȴɧţ
һ˵Ȼˬˣһ˳ȥֱӽ
ƨɣϲƨɣϲ
һЦţǴƨɣˮҪˡ
ģɫһȻһȭֱŴ˹ȥ

ҽһӶˡѪݶɽ˳ȻһӾͱǾӷ˳ȥ
å
޳ܣ

Աߵ˷׷׶Ȼϣͥ£ϢҸŮΧ۵˵Ȼˬˡ俴һۣ§ŷŮ뿪ˡ
ȴƺĲģĿһһŮ˵ϣˮֱȻȥһͬһȥ

һûеóѣΪŮ˵׼һֱ֮䡣

һɱһĲҽٶȻһӱס棬ɫҰ׵Ϲȥ嶼
ƨɣƨɡ
ȴ૵غš


44 ּ˪
٣
٣

ڸôҲû뵽ڴϰϵϷҸŮ˼Ůƨɣ⣬Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
ԸоΧ˵Ŀⶼһˡ
å
޳ܣ
װĵģû뵽һ̬
ǣ̫ˡˣһҾ£

һһ۵˹һһڿˮ³ϡһ˫۾ڶű˵Ĵƨɲš
ĸæסˣȻסߡ
ǻűŮ˹ȥһĸҲס˷ŭⰡⷸŭĸҲ˰
ƨɣƨɡ
ˮֱﺰţĿմʱһɫĹ˹һӽԺ
˫ĿһӳմȻ񿴵ʲôһ㣬һӾһǽ˹ȥ
٣ǽڰ
һǽȥһæ
ȴ˷һ㣬һͷֱײǽϡ

ײһº֪ʹסѪĶͷ۲ҽ
һ֮ǽڷײ˹ȥͺһͷ蹷һǰһȥŮƨɣھȻһȥײǽڣ
ʵԪӳԻԪյԻȻҪǿٱԪԻʩչӳԸı˵־ԲŻõɥĲ
٣٣ô
٣ˣǽ

ڶЩ޴ˣⷢ˷ģ֪Ǻáǻûءֻȥһһˣͱӡ
ԭӲһǽڣȻһӱײȥ˲٣涼Ѫ߰ߡ
Χ۵ˣһ˹
ô£ʧķ谡Ůƨɣײǽڣ
ǷԺģ
⣬ⲻҵҴô
ǧţ죬շ΢

ʱһһ˹Ȼı仯˶ԾСϾҿǽļ壬ȻӣȻ˶㵲ˡ
ײǽڣͷѪҲںײǽھһ㡣
קסһǽڡ
Ǹոս˿һǽڣͻײȥ
Ů˵ƨɣ˾ͲŹ
ӲǽڣҲŹ
һӣٲȻΪһӡͷϲ֪˼Ѫӿ˳˶Ѫģģ
Ԫվʱºһ󵭵Ļɫ⻪š
ָһ㣬ײǽԻƨԻӦѾӳϡ
ԻģҲ˵һӶܰѵˡΪԼ˽Ի
Ҫɱףɱʵ̫ˣԪȻô˵ȥ
õЩԻݺԪҲһ顣
ѾˣҲѾʹһδǵʵˡӦȥ˪
ҵ˪ȻѰҵС׻жδǣδǲС
һֻһССߣԪԸѾ㹻ˡ
Ҫ˵˿˵ĻңȻ˴ﵽ˲ƾΪ
ĸ֣һҪɱԪĻ¶Ƿַӵ顣ԪоΣյϢϣŲٵĸ֡Щ֣һ棬ǶԪشвԪԼʵ
Ԫɫš
ζҪʵУʵȥ磬Ҳ档
ԪһѧУͷ˹ȥ

˪⼸춼ġʮˣûкһйʲôӴһ뵽ԪԼЩ飬ޱȡ
ԭԪϿεʱ򣬺ݺݱһԪû뵽Ԫ⼸쾹ȻϿˡ
ԪϿΣȻΪԪ飬ȷһԪġ
Լ·˺ãԼϱץôץۣԪ˭
һ̬
˪˿Լֱϵץۣڶûȥء
Ȼ֪ЩץԼҩʱץԼϵġ
˪һҵһ޺Ԫ


ʱžˡ

˪û
ʱԪƿ˷ţ˽ȥ
ʦ
Ԫ߽ȥ
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˪һվһĿԪϡû뵽ԪȻԼ
һԪ˪ýɫɷף
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Ԫȥɫƽ
ԼоԼûпǷ˪ģ˪ǰҲɫƽ
⿴˪ȴǷı̬Ŀ
ԭ˪ΪԪЩ飬ԪȻˡ
㣬̬һ𻨡Ԫ㣬ҹ£
˪ýһָԪıӣȻҪԪ¡
ι
ԪһʱҲˡ˪Ҳ̫˰ɣôԼ
˵ʦ͵һС׻ҲԡҲȹ㰡ңͱ˸
Ԫ
ұ죡㻹ҽڣԪʵ̫ʧˣ
˪촽ڷ޳ܵģûô޳ܵġΪԪ飬ԼŶԡû뵽ԪȻˡ
˵˿ɶ񲻿ɶƤûпӵģ
ҡ
ԪһҲ֪ôˡ˪϶ǶԼˡԼҪҲǲˡ˪ӣ˵ϼ仰»Լأ
ûа취Ȼ˪ҪԼԼֻܹԻԸˡ
ԪõԻݣöԻ˪Ļ
Ի꣡
ԪָһһɫĹ⻪˪˹ȥ

˪һҪȴѾһǹ⻪ͽ˪Ժ
˪嶼һ㣬Щл㱵ģ˫Ҳô
ʦˡ
Ȼ˵Իʩչ˪һ𺦡ΪС׻䣬ԪҲ˲ôˡԪһμӳ˪ϵҲһСԻ
дʣ˵ʲôһ˫۾ס˪Ҫ˪Ŀס
˪һ˫ľĿԪԪסһ˫ۿն룬˶ûԼ˼Ԫһɣ֪˪ѾԼԻӳסˣֻҪúõȥһ¾Ϳˡ
ʦˡ
Ԫ˪ϣȻԼҲ˪ǰ
ʦУȥᣡ
ԪҪúһµʱ򣬷һӱƿˡһУŮ˽


45 ɫ
ã
Ԫǧ㣬Ҳû㵽ʱȻ˳
Ϊ˲˪壬ʹõͽ׵ԻͼԻ˸ŵˡ
ȻһУŮһԭɵ˪˲۾
ʱÿԪԼǰؿԼԼſԪͶԼм䡣һ棬ܹƷơ
˪һԼԪ˺·Ļ棬ļһȻ
Ԫɫǣ
˪̲ס
ղŻںԪִţ˭֪ȴһûʶȻѹͿԪԼ·ⲻɫʲô
ʦң㣬ˡ
Ԫ亹ðˡû뵽ֳӣԭѾѽˣôһ֣͸ӽͲˡһɫǵͷο¶ʵı䲻ˣ
᣿С˵ղ㿴ʲô
˪һУŮ
УŮСԭԪǺܳݵģû뵽ԪȻ顣ԪΪҲǲܣ
ңһͿԪʦԻϣȻԪ㡣
УŮ˹
ң
˪Ҫˡ֤֤Ԫʲô˵ģ
Ԫåɫǣȥ
˪ǳ׷ˡһαԪռ˱ˣһ˻û㡣ԪȻȻˣ
˪Ա߳ʮ飬ֱԪ˹
ѹһԼ֪˸ˣԭԪĵı°
ʦᰡ
ԪæܡԭҪúýһ۾һɨȴܻ˪ȻһѼѼɢűĺ⣡ԪﲻɵһݣȻµӵİǣӿûеﵶǹľ磡
ʦԺٹͰʦᰡ
Ԫˢһ³˰칫ҡǼʶ˪ıֶεģҪ䵽˪浣ʲôֲ
ߣ
ԪܵñӻҪ죬˪һѽϡ
ѧѧУڰ༶ǰŮһвһҪѧУΪԼ룬ҲΪеŮ룡
˪ݺݵҧҧɫһƬɷס

ˡ⼸˶֪顣ҿǽĴ壬ҵĴүȴʧķ裬Ůƨɣײǽֱ˽ȦĴЦ裬˵һ޴ĳ衣
ѩűֽ¶΢Ц
ǻã
С㣬ǵ˴ˣˡȴûԪϢ
һϹܼѩǰ
ûϢǺϢˣɼеĹˡϢһʱ֪ͨҡ
ѩźӣ
ܹΪԪʵޣֻܹˡ
ܹԪĻʲôԸġǸĴҲԡ
ҡ
үһţǰһѵıֽǱʧķġ
Ҵү飬ֱʧ
ٵʧķ裬Ҳˡ治֪˭ҪԸҡ
үǰһϹܼҵ
ǻҵˡֻǹ¶ѡ߻ҾͿˡֻ⺢Ӻö˶˵ģôֲֹ
үսȭͷ
ҼҴҵȫպ̳Уȴֳ飬ԺҶһҶġ飬ү޷ġ
үٹˡ
һ˹
죬˽
үæվ
ʱ򣬼廨˰˽ʱͣ¶˱߰˸ҲˣҲ˼Ѫܵģϸȥϲ
죬㣬ôŪӰ
үȥֶڲ۵ĶӰ
ү˵һԪ˸ɵġ
ܼҵ
ԪǸʲôˣôû˵
˵һѧ
һѧһѧܰŪʵ˲Ҫˡ
ү
ǡ
ܼҵ˵ͷ֪ү˵ĲҪʲô˼һү˵ˣǾζ˴һ̿ʼѾһˡ
죬ˡ廨˰ģɺͳ
үӿŪӣʹΨһıӣȴģһҪЩ˸ʹĴۣ
ɣүⷿǽү
һЩΪѵص
֪ʲôֲŮ˵ƨɾҪȥǽھҪȥײĹֲûа취
һǽڣЩڶҷ
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үЩҲܹӡֻýɿ
ɰ֮һӵõ˽ѡȻ˫һӷŹ⣬Աߵǽڣ͵ؾǽײ˹ȥ

үӿһĻһӴˣҪסȻˡ
ΪѾһͷײǽϣ䶼һ¡ȻǽڶƱװѿ
ǽڿǼӲޱȵİȻҲײԴᱻײʲô
ү۵öҪˣ
죬
үӻˡû뵽Ļֲֹæȥ̧
ͷһ̧ѪܣѪһܿģܵģײһǽܹһ㡣
棬棡
ֺǺǵص

ӵģүȭͷסˡ
ʵǲʲôȻӡ
ҽеҽһҪκáУЩԵļ廹˶ҳȻôңһҪۣ
ү嶼ڷ
ҵĶ磬Ȼܲʹ
УЩʲôֽý壬ôдġ̬ʧķ裬ЩЩɾвʶôģ취֮Ҳ뿴κβҵϢ
ү
ܿ켸ھͽ廨˰͵˸ڷ䣬ֺݺݰǽϡ
ԭһмķЩķŮģƨɶСΪİȫеŮȫˡ
ʱҾֻʣһж
ү󣬾ѹϢǹңĲϢͬ˳һš
Ҽҹ˾ĹɼۣҲ˱


46 
Ԫ˻صУ԰ǻţûȥ
Ҳ֪Լô͵˪ˣô˪飬һ㱻˸ǿˣԼ˪òáû뵽˪Լȴһ̬ȡŮ˻ǲ֪жرƯŮӡѩ˪Ҳ
ҪȻǲˣ˪Լ˼
û˪Ԫ޷ѯС׻䡣
ԪһθоΪѡ
ʵԭԻǿ˪ģ˭֪ʱȴ˴ˡ
ԻʧЧһ֮󣬵ڶҪٳɹѶȾͻϺܶࡣʹǿԻĻ˪Ҳо޴˺ҲãҲá

Ԫ̾˿˲ݵϣһЩɫį
Ϊ벻ʲô취˪
Ԫ磡
ʱһŮԪ۷Ź⣬æ˹ԪǰѧУôţƣǲŮӶ֪˵˵ģͳΪѧУʵڶŮ෹۵Ļͽڣ
Ԫ磬ôڲݵϰԪ磬ܲԪ磬˵˵𣿡
ԪѾѧУŮεĶһѧУȻòŮӷ
ԪȴҲûпֻǶ˪İ칫ҡŮֺã粻
˪֪С׻䣬ԪȻܹŹˡ
µֻܹӲͷƤƤظ˪ˣֻҪܹ˪죬˪ܻԼġٲеĻԪǿӲֶˣԸһŮˣʹñһ̫顣򲻵ѵʱҲòȥʹá
ţţܿѧһOLװԸи˪߳˰칫ҡ
ʦ
Ԫæȥ˪鱾ͷŵһѷæֹˡ
ʦ֮һᡣ첻ʦ
Ԫæ
˪ȴԪ˵˼ûУһۣת뿪ˡ
Ԫֻøȥ
˪һʿԪҲŴһʿ
Ů˸ҮҪҪ
˪Աһ˾ѵ˪ƯԸУŮˣɧˡǸеģﵱȻΪɧƯŮ˵СϲƯŮбˣȫ˵뷨˼ƯŮעԼûаϸ
á
˪ҧҧ
ȷʵԪǱûбҪˡԪûжʱҪ߿ˣҪΪˣǻһӵ顣Ͼһʦֻǰ̵
ȥĻ԰
˪ûȥԼķӣѡȥĻ԰
˪Ļ˾һ˿˪Ȼתͷ
Ļ԰ǽĸѰ˸סû뵽˪ȻסŮǸ߹ʰҲԣôƯŮˣôûк÷סء
˾զ
Ԫûбİ취ֻܹ˪ˣһ·˪ܿ쳵ӾͣһС
˪ˢСڣվţԪҪǿнȥܡ
˪ͷƳԪһۣһҫģ˵Сңؽ˰ɡ
û뵽ʦﻹзӡǸǮء
Ԫɨɨһ߶˵ıСɫ˹ߴļɽ򳡣¶źݻ﷿ӵĵ׼ۣҲһƽװɡ
ԪûдȥѡǽȥһССǽڣסԪ
ܿԪ¸˪
˪ҲԪû뵽ԪȻˣ˪ɫ˱䣬ҲûԪֱһı˹ȥ
ʦ
Ԫȥ
ðɣʦҳˡҲԣֻ֪һ軨ֻҪңҾ뿪ˣ
Ԫס˪
û뵽Ԫåϴ˪ƳԪһۣȻðȻˣҪܷվţԣطվһһҹٿǸڻ顣
˪˵꣬ű˹ȥ


ԪҲЩŭ˪ԼȻˡȻԼվԼ˰
û취˭С׻˪ˣ£òͷ
Ԫҧҧ˳˪ɣȵ֪С׻ʱٺݺݴ˪ֻϢ
Ԫһ뵽һʰ˪İ취
վţҲûţ۾ʱתڵĵתЩ󴵷壬õԪһ崺ĸоȫ£еϸеëףȫһ㣬̰šһҲԪͷϣļ

һ˪ʱģƽʱסԭΪ̫ˣһסЩ塣
ֻǽ챻ԪţϾµСʵ̫ȫˡԭΪСſڵıܹԪû뵽Ԫǽˡ
Ҳûϵİúܺãžӵ򲻴ǲõİȫ⡣
˪˶¥ĿһȣȻվڴԣؿ˿棬ֻԪһɵһվ
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˪һͨͨĽʦʵϣ´ѧкܴĹɷݾҵģҪȻ˪ѧУ£ͱУˡ
Ǻݵһ壬Ҳķᣬԭ˪Ӧü̳мҵģ˪ϲﹴĶǵķΧԸɴ˽һССĽʦ
һ뵽Լļ壬˪ü̾˿Щį
ôˣҲ֪ôˡ
˪Ҫ绰һӵ绰˿ǸŮˣ˪ͷֻ
ҲһˣЩı䲻ˣͲȥܡˣͻԼĿһ㡣ȻѾӳҶĹĶǣֺαٻȥԼҲʹأ
˪һЩˮɳϣ򿪵ӣ
һξǿʱԻģһΣһۣСһЩ˽Ҳܹ֡
¡
˭֪ʱһ¡һ绮ʣһӱ
ɪɪ˽ȻҪˡ
˪˿⣬Ԫվһ˪ʲôҪԪ뿪ƺԪԼЩ飬Ͳɵޱȡ
Ԫƽ￴ʵľګģû뵽ôڰ´Ҳãүڳͷ
һ뵽˪Ҳ̹Ȼˣİõؼŵ


47 
ԪҲû뵽ʱȻꡣ˵㲻ʲô
ոշС׻ǣڻŻԵӡһЩԵӾȼȻγһɹڱԶԶֻԪϣеˮðЩˮһ䵽ϣϾ˳ȥ
˪ΪԪһʱͻ뿪ˣϾô꣬˭ɵվ氡
ҲûôȥܣǾؿһ˾׳ԡ
ţţ֪Сʱ͹ȥˡ˪վ˸¶˶ߡʱ⻹վһˡ
СʱȥˣԪӦ˰ɡҲãʡǷҡ
˪ţ⿴˹ȥȴԪվ档
£һվУԵЩįͿ
˪ҧҧӣͷǸӣû뵽ԪȻվšһ뵽ԪܣҲͲȥˡ˭ԪǸɫǣǰԼأʱҲǻã
ߣռôˣΪһˡûš˯ȥŲͬأ컹ҪμӴأ
˪˴ת˹ȥһˣһȥûܹˡ
һУ˪Լһӣͺ˯ˡԭΪԼ˯Щ̤ʵû뵽һȥȻܿ˯ˡΪԪֻӰɡվһϡ
һ޻
Ԫվһϣڶʱ֮Уһ
Լʮӵʱ˪˴һȴԪվ˪¶һ˿㵵ɫԪ˽⣬Ԫ˰
˪ʯĳԪվһϣҲһЩⲻȥϾʪôã׾ͻġȻԪȻ飬ҲֻһѧԼΪһʦȥͷһѧҲЩˡ
˪¥ܿԪǰ
ˣԪվһϵķϣԭʮ֮һɡ¥·һıڰɡҾͽ𻨵㡣
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˪Ը⽫С׻ԼԪ۾һˣȻ˵ͷվһϣ˵ûʲô˵ġߣݸʮµҲһ顣
˪Ԫ߽˱ûʲô˵·˪˸绰͹һװ
Ԫûдװϰߣ˵ʲô·ࡣμȻΪ˪ıڣȻҪһЩΪ˵õС׻ʱίԼһ˪Ļɡ
ԪһװͦߴһӺһһ˿װһ仰ȻǲͦΣʵģ߳ȥҪԵٵŮ
˪Ԫһװ߳۹ⶼһ¡
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˪ŲϡһŮˣźЩյСŮһأ
ԪȻ㳤òһ㣬ǻһƣ˿װҲܴĳȥˣڶСˡ
˪ԪһȻĻȴԴų˵˵꣬Լ˹ȥ
Ԫһһױߵĵذ壬ߵļҾߣһطһױ˵Ҳǧɡ
û뵽˪һССʦҾȻơԽԽ̾˪ļˡ
һ˪ʹ˳һɫסΣ˳һ޶˵ʡ
һ߳ԪĿһӱסӡУ˪һֱһŮӣû뵽һԸ˾Ȼ¶͸¶һɳŮ˵ķ欣һĵϢɢ˾Ķǵĸоһӻ߳ľŮһ
ԪܿƿĿ⡣һյˡŮƯҲȲӰ
ƺԼϵһɫ⣬˪תתӣžӷ˼¡
ôԪƯԸ𣿴һȥǲǻܶ˰
˪һڷתȦţȹڷ裬ɡһӰ˪Ҳ˹
·Ư˾һˡ
ԪĽ˪ղ˵ԼĻ˻ȥ
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ԭڱԼ㵹˪Ԫ仰ɫһӲŭâԼôƯޣԪȻ˵Լһ㣬ʲô񰡣û˵Լأ
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ԪᵽᣬˡҪ˵
ƺԪڴ϶Լ˪ڳһ¡
֪ǲҸһ죬ͽС׻ҡ
ԪֻС׻Ȥ
԰һҪԹС
˪Ҳ֪ǻʲôõģԪһԼôһ޶˵ĴŮ۶һ¡Ԫ飬˪Ҫĳ嶯
˪һŲȶ˳ӣܿɫµϾͷɿʻ˳һȻƮ˪Ƣ꣬⳵ҲǷɿ죬һӾ
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С׻ݣ˪ҲߵģС׻Ӧҵġ
ҵС׻ĵطӦûбС׻ڡֻҪ˪ʵȥѰҡ
δ̤֮¾ˡֻҪȹһأʱ뿪磬ȥ
ԪĿšһʱ֮䣬˶û˵
ܿ쳵һ޴ı⣬ͣ˸ɫַܳǷڱһϣȻдšĽᡱ
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˪ԪҲǸȥ
Ԫ˪󣬴һװһڡҲûȥ˵Ŀ⣬ҪֻС׻ѣڱô룬Ǳ˵顣
ֻǰ˼˪Ųһͣ񿴵ʲô뿴һü΢΢
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Ԫüͷһ壬ȥ˭֪ʱ˪˹ȴһסԪĸ첲Ƕ˵ο˹һζҲ˱Ƕ
ر˪ǰűҲԪĸ첲ϣԪԸоǱĵԺͳߴȻģС
ԪҪѣ˪ȴˡǴҲ˹
ԪһѣҾͽС׻㡣
ԪԭҪѣһ˪仰Ԫһӷ


48 
Ԫܿ˪ΪʲôҪôڱǰ棬һһװˣߴװӭ˹磬ʻȻȴ˪ġ
С㣬û뵽㰡
һװӿ˪һЦȫԱߵԪ
˪ֱԪһЩЦӯӯ٣þòԪԪϼŵĹκ١
˪󷽽һ߽ţǶ˵ĽԪϿȥȫһСµС˵ģ
ԪһӾ˪ͼԭǽԼ˵ƣܾЩ׷ˡ
ٵﻹһʻ͸˪ġֻ˪һ˵ɫһĿɨԪһĨɱһ
С׻˪ͷţԪζҪ˪ӡھ㱻˪ãҲûа취ˡ
ԪһҲ˹ȥ˳ס˪ϸ֫Цŵ٣á
ԪЦú⣬Ȼ˪Ůһ㡣ǿԪȻĽ˪¥˻κĪһʼɵĻ档˪ĿеŮ񣬿ڿԼŮ񱻱§˻УκȻ쳣ŭˣ
ǽҹӣô˵棬ȴҲ÷ֻ΢΢Цţããμ棬û뵽㲩Ůķġ
κԪ֡ϴЦ⣬ȴɱ
κԴŵ⣬һ˹ֳһӵܵòԪȻҲʾסȥ
Ԫòκ˹ȥû뵽һסκ֣ϴκһɴݺ
κƺһӣΪֲִĸоżӣһҪԪһԪüۼ䶼Ц⣡
ֻǿϧκȴҴ˶
ԪɵЦţƵᣬκںһ㣬ǰһҲͬʱȥ


һ΢ĹĦ˹˱ƴʱһ˲֮䣬κɫԾͱˣ
κӣϵԶԶһҪƽϲЩЦصﺦˡԭԪ˹˹ĵģΪԪ۸ҪԪһû뵽һȥȻԪͷ˿
Ԫ־ͺһǯһԼȥȴ˲ԪֺԪķˣ
κɫ˱䣬ЩŤһĸˣȻľ䡣
֣߾Ͱ
κһƤЦⲻЦ˵ţԪѡһȴݺݼӴ˼û뵽Ӵ󼸷ԪҲͬʱżӴ󼸷һ־ͱǺᶼҪˡ
ְҵѡ
ԪҲκƵغšһκŤöѹһᶼҪˡԪҲϱһĵ顣ΪԪһʵʹò˰˪һԿţȻ֪ԪκڰϾȴֿ˻رǿκһʹᶼҪ˵ģ
Ԫ׽ȥκֶҪԼϵˣ˿
ãáְҵá
ʱκæ֣΢΢ɣһ齩Ӳĸо˹ʹֱ۶ڶšȴڹ򶨵غš
һУ˪ﰵˣʱȴȥʻӦż˰ɡǾͲˡԪԪ߰ɡ
ԭ˪ЩԪǲ֪ΪʲôԪԼѵκһٺ˪ͶԪøдһԪԪҲǶغ˳
ԪԪ
˪ĳƺԪ˳֪Ϊʲôԭᶯ˵˪һŮﺰ˾رıŤͲӦǰ˪ǿţԪ˪һǰš
ھκʱԪԸоκԼŭɱ
ЩӵܣԪ˵ȫһ̲˵ĽɫԪûзԪҲûôֱǰȥ

ȵ˪ԪԶ֮һҽŴκ﷢æ˦˦֣Ҳ̲סӿ˳
Ԫɽˮģû뵽ϵȾȻô
ϵͺһǯһ㣬κָһ㡣ʮָģʹ֪
ֻǸղһֱӣκûз˪Ԫߺ̲סغӶԵѿޱȡ
ҽ˼佫Ļ˵ϣֺݺݲ˼š
ιʻ׼䣬רŸ˪׼ġ˪ȴ˱ѣκʻȻͲȥˡ
Ԫ㾹ȻҺŮˡһ㸶۵ġ
κعͷ˿Ԫ˪ȥıӰһ˿ɱ

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ᣬ˪ҲûɿԪ֡ԪȻڹؼʱ̣ôһЩֵġܹԼһЩԼϲˡ
˵ʦ˶ˣҲӦ÷ſҵ˰ɡ
Ԫһޱ飬ƽص
Ӹտʼ˪סԼĸ첲ǴקסҪԼĸ첲ˡϣκѾˣԪ̲סѵ
˪ʱʶԼһֱԪֱ۵ģزѹԪ첲ˣæɿתһ룬͸оԾˣһɻɵð
Ԫʲô˼֪˳˼ĺľ뱧һԼԪȻԼˣ
ռ˵òã
˪ոպò׶ԪһЩøУһʧˡ
Ԫȥһƹ
˪һͶԪָʹ
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Ԫ˪һۣ֪˪ڹΪԼˡ
ʲô㣿Ҫ䣬Ͳȥˣ
˪סֱۣһԶԪģ
˪ŵģԪֻҧҧǰĴ˹ȥ
νĴᣬһȺ˵Ŀ񻶶ѡŮģۿȥЩ̻¶ԸŮ깫ӶڸʩֶεĹš
Ԫɨ˼ۣûȤܿһ޴ĽƱǰһƣת˪˹ȥ
˪һɫվŸ߹󣬲֮ϣȴżֵ⡣ģʹԪǿء
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һĻԪ̾˿Ҳֻøȥ
˪ıڣҪ˪ȫЩ˲ɧţȻҲԪıΧ֮ڵġ


49 ը
֮⣬һƬģ㳵Ůپ޸ǽĸ
ݵͣͣ˴ССĺɯ٣·ӦоУۼԿһСͳչˡ˪İµͣʱȻ˵ĸоڱ֮⣬ٱţصüܣϾˣǸ󣬿ɲܹκεʧ
Ƭ̣һɫĴڵ͵ʻ˹ȴͣ˪ĺɫµ֮ϡΪûϸȥڣϾ̫࣬Ҳ
ʻ˹ͣŲûд򿪡Ҳû߳
ڴڳڣӣԵ÷ͦν˶ñӣݣһ˾Ĵšһͷһ׼ɫµңزšһǾܵģİťȻʮһȴ죬ָɿ水ţڽŲͬĲԡԼʮӣһεε˹̧ͷ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ڶ棬˪ɫµϣһӴˡȻڳڵӻһۣʹ˸ɫ˾λϵĺӴ²һɫİƿ˺ɫµڡ
֪Ǳ˺ɫµڣȻ˳ţ복֪æʲôΪǹŵģûܹ
ֵͣٳֿȥҲΧ߶ţȴûһ˷е쳣
ֹ˴ԼʮӣɫµϵĳŲŴ򿪣˳̧̧ñӣ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼһͷ˴ڳڡڳˣ뿪һͣ
ӥϴšըѾãըѾã
ڳڣǰžһԽ
ܺáǵѾˡ
Խﴫһ̶ִܿ죬Խ͹ҵˣھʻ˽ֵ˳ӵĳʧȺ֮С

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Ԫһ뿪֮ΧһȺӸǱһһ˪ǰҪ˪衣
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50 ҵ
һκǽܴıڶйˣа˸ÿһһʮĺ֡
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ոԪͷһκо޹⣬ʱһģԼ˹ýһӡ

κӭȥһģӹĺƱһڡƳԪ˪һۣȻò˪ҲҲӲȱŮ˲ôκһ˳һ㡣
ǰôû鰡ҪȻɡ
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ʱκѾǺ죬ɫ͵ǰһ˺·˿¶˹ͺͺϰͻȻĴЦ
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54 
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Լö˶һӣģүǸް
үԪ֪ĶȥˣҲûв鵽䡣˵ļҲڲСӵ䡣
һܼүӵǰ
ļң
үɫһ
ߣΪļҵǸŮˣôӡļңҳҪˣˣǱôˣ
үӿ˹ܼҡ
үԭǼһһЩ顣ֻǻүڱչأҪܳء
á׼Ҫȥ񡣻ҿɲܹˡ
үһ˿ء
ڶ࣬Ȩһ壬κκܹġ
Ǳǻң
ҼҲḻϵزǽһز˾ϵʲڡڰǸ޷㡣
ҪΪֻһ򵥵ĸͥǾʹشˡҵ鲼̽磬磬ڵ͸˽ÿһ䡣̸ڣ޴
жҪͻҾ⣬Ȩƶ󣬽ȴһһˡǻҵκεļ壬ڽֻڻ֮£Բܺͻԣ
ΪһңҲǻ֮һԣǾǾǳŻŸԴῦһ¸ûˣ
ԾҵˣүӣڻҲǱϹϾġ
һȥȥæҪú׼һݺ
򻪼ҲԸæӣһ취ҲûС
ôصˣҽҲûһܹκáҲֻлңֻܹκ
Ͼʵ޷ġ

һıݣѪӥ˷ڡ
ϴҵʧûдóȻ֡ϴ𷣡
ʱһѪӥǰֵţƺܾѪӥǸһ鱨̽ġ
޹ءһǰװһֵܣʧأһҪֻʧܺ˪϶ǿ˱һƻһҪܲУ
Ѫӥվ˫Ŀɱ֡
һ񣬾ȻʧһӥĳԱһһѻ֣ڹӥ˵һ޴صĴ
һ˪ԱߵӣɱһֵܣһҪʮٱĲʹۣ

˪˱ôҲ˯žҪʱͻȻŴˣȻһɵˡ
Ԫʲô
ԪͻȻԼԱߣõ˪һ
Ҫ֪Լֻ˯£йŮԪ˽һҪԪԼͼô졣
ҪʮСʱҲ˯Աô㡣˪ҲýţҶûȤġ
Ԫʼ磬ת˯ȥˡѾʶЩɱֵһСģ˪뿪ԼߣбһǹͷĿܡʵŲ˪һŮ˯һأһû˪ôһ޲ҪɱԼӣٺ˯һ˭֪Ժᷢʲô飡
ιʲʲôûȤ
ԪͻȻܹѾ˪ˡԪȻ˵ԼûȤ
ԼôҲһҪΣҪģģŮˣԪȻ˵ԼȤС˪ԭԪĴΣԪôǷһˣ
㣬ȥ
˪һźݺԪϣҪԪȥԪԼ˵Ļ˪ǻǿӦԪ˯ԼԱߡԪȻ˵ԼûȤ˪ȻͲӦˡǶһƯŮòãѾ˸ϵĲȥˣ
˪һ˹Ԫϣȴһһû߶ԪԼĽŶʹҪ˪˼ţԪûа㷴Ӧ

˪ȥԪ˪ôʹԪȴ޷Ԫ´ȥ
˪ɫɷˡ
Ԫ˴ϣʲôҲûзһ˯
˰죬˪ҲԪûа취ɴԼ˴˯ȥˡ
֪Ϊʲôǰ˪ֻԪһѧǾôȴҲ޷ĽԪһѧˡ
ԪԼԱߣսľԪͻȻ֮ϾԪһˡȻ˵˪ڶԪûôִвٵĺøУԪҪԼЩº͵ġ
˪ĵһĻȴûзΪԪƺ˯ˡ
ѵôû𣿡
Ԫһ˯˪ﲻɵñԹԪĺ£Ԫ˪ҲЩա
ҧ˪Ǻ£ĥһޣȻĸСʱ˯š

ڶ죬ů͸Ԫֻۣûޱȡ
ʱһ˫ֱ۲סĸ첲ԪҪŤһ²ӶУյýģͷȥ˪ԼϺ˯
µؽë鶯
˪˯ú˾ͺһˮһסԪǷ˵嶼ԪϣԪӸܵߵȳ
䣬ʦ
˪عԼȷʵ˺ЩѡԪ̲סһ¡
˪˯һ
ʦ
Ԫֺһ˪ûзӦ
ûа취ԪֻƵ˪ĺ棬̵ͦƨһѣȻֵ

һɻʹ˹˪ɵþһۡ
ʱ򣬲ſԼԪȻһ

˪Լϵ˯Ѿȥ˲٣嶼ȫչ¶˳Ͳһ˿ˣʧɫһ˳
Ԫå
Ԫɫǣ
˪ܻĺ˳æԪž룬ֽԼҵ·á
Ԫֻһ˪˯ʱԼĺòãϵ·ҲԼŪҵġһеãҪԼˡ
Ԫɵϴε飬ϴγ˴ҩ˪ԼץԼ˺ۣԼϵ·˺ҲһУȴԼϡ
Ů˰ǲ
Ԫȥ˪أ˴ֱϴ̨˹ȥ
أҼ޲ȥˣ
˪Լҵ·ᶼҪˡһαԪ˲˵һôÿα˶Ԫռ˰
˪ĲԪռԼˣԪռԼ֮һһģ
Լô󶹸ȻһµģԼȥԵһⶼʲô˰˪ͻˣ


56 ˾
һ԰֣ռʮйɫʽŵ佨ҲŷʽĳǱۼݻ԰ִڷؼ۰˵Ҳֵڡǽһ԰֮һ
һ԰ֵǻδ˻
һ磬үӾʹ˻԰֣쵽˻ھȴš
ϣһֱȵ磬ҲûпӰĳ֡
үӻʵʵõȴšһԹԡ
һүӻһ峯仨ƿǴ̫õƷֵһǧϡ
ԭһ仨ƿүһֱصģΪ䱦ĶǴʱΪ붯棬Ҳòˡ֪Щ֮ĺܸȤרŴôһ׸ΪܹκһҴˣٴĴҲϧ
٣
٣

үվĽŶҪʱ˹
űһһɴһ㣬̼䣬õԭȵķΧȻһˬһˬʵĸо
үӵתһÿһͦ˽񣬿˫ü֮䣬һֱ˵Ӣ˿һۣ;;ø߸ϣϵ·һ㣬ֱֲӵĸо
һ񣬿εĻӣүҲǰĲѡ
ǰһֱԼûǺǰ⻪ǼֱС׼˴ݣ˲Ȼʧɫˣ
⼸񾭹͸ˡͶ䣬ƿһоƵĸо˹һֳ֮ϵʣδִƻңҲ϶ûٴһ޴ڷɡ
ֱߵ˴ףȻתȥȴ򿪣ҡΣһ˫ӣүϣ˫Ŀ񣬺һӾܹү˿͸һ㡣
үӣõˡΪ°
񵭵˹
ġ
үæȥ
Ȯ֮еһλߣˣҽ޷þȣ뻪ٰæһˣǴϪ̫µ仨ƿ뻪Цɡ
үӹصܿ˽һ̫ƿȥ
仨ƿ
үӵĻ⻪ĿһȻǶ仨ƿȤ
һ
ûбİãͶЩŶйŵ˸Ȥүһ峯仨ƿȻϲˡ
ܿ˽һ׸ߵ仨ƿ̧˴м䣬ȥţ仨ƿɫ㣬ϴϲ֮ɫȻүӣ㽫ɡ仨ƿˣӵĲҲκá
ƺܿģתصλϣ˲豭˿ڲ衣˵κãĲͿ϶ûˡ
ããлл١
û뵽ȻӦˣүĻϲʱ򣬴˸ƣܿ˴潫̧˽
ʱ˿̵ǿ⣬¶˱ʯ࣬ԴҲʯסˣֻ¶ͺͱӡ֧֧˵ҪǱжǱ
٣ȮĲġ
үҪܣȴ˸ֹˡ
һ˫ϣƺڹ۲šƬ̺Ǹһ˿Ц⡣
еԻζԵҩûˣʲô⡣ֻǣԻˣַأҼߡүӣ֪䣿
Ŀүӵϡ
ǽһң֮ǻҵĵ̡ڽǳ˲ڻҵߣôҾͱ뽫Ʒһ֣߳϶˼
ЩͻȻðߣڻǰֻѡҪô˳Ҫôûе֡
ֻ֪ԪĲ֪˶գӦкܶ˽ġֻҪˣͿ֪顣
үӹر˱ȭͷ

ɫİµϣ˪˼ʻλϣԪ˸ʻλϡ
˪ų֪ǲ˾ŵԭٶȵ˲١
һ·ϣԪ˪ѯ˺üС׻䣬ʵ˪Щˡ
С׻С׻Ԫֻ֪ЩݲݡС׻ñԼɣ
˪죬Щ
ǰԪֻԼѧԪʲô뷨ڣ˴˾ô飬˪ԪѾ˵ĸ顣
ܸоԼԪĸоѾ˵ʦ꣬ԪȴһȫԼģĮõ˪ˡ
ǰ׷ûа˰Ҳǧûжһ˶ġںòеĶĸоû뵽һģ˾ͻôʹࡣ
˪ԪС׻ԭֻһΪ֪һԪС׻䣬ԪûûεĹ϶ԼȥġȥֻԪԼһЩʱնѡ
ЩԪһֻо˰ȫкС
Լȥ˾ҲȺԪһаȫСǾԲ˸ȥŵġϲԪһĸоǷƢҲúܿġ
˪һ·ų˼Ǹӣҧźӣһ˫ʱʱббشԪ
⿪һСʱˣҲûԪԼ˵һ仰ѵһ˵ĶûҪԼ˵
˪ɨ˹ȥԪϣȴ˯šȫû˿˪˼
˪ԽԽͻȻ͵زȶš
ȻԪôӣԼͳ
˪һţٶٹһСʱӶЩƮˡ
ʱ̣ԪȻ˯øˣſȻҪ˼ûС
˪ԭҪŻԪû뵽ԪûбţԼȴĵòˡ
Ͼǧ׵ĸٰһСľͻرֳƮƮĸо˪֮˶˵һ㣬رǰ滹˲ٵ
˪ʮӣԪûзӦ޺޵ļٶȡʱһ˫ֱֱסǰȴҲԪһˡԪװƲԼԼҲô
Сʱͣһƾɵıǰ
ڱ⣬ǹ侯վţ׳ɭϡ
˪Сʱģ⻷ûô仯˪һ۾˳
ͣºԪǺʺʱ˵˹۾ƿţֱȥˡ
վס
Ԫ˪һӳ˳侯͵ؽǹ׼Ԫ˪ؿԪ˪Ž䱸ǹܸǱɭޱȣʱҪӵԪ˪Դһ㡣


57 
ãҽ˪ɽġ
˪ȥ
侯һԪ˪üͷ΢΢ȻԵһ¡
һ侯תȥһ绰ʱʱ˪һһ¡
˪˹ȥӹ˵绰͵绰ͷ˺һ£Ȼֽ绰һ侯
侯ӹ˵绰Ӧšͷһҵ˵绰ʱ˪鶼һˣС㣬롣
Ԫ֪ʲô飬˪ʲô˾ӦͦϤġҪȻ侯̬Ȳתô
侯Ԫ˪ſ˹ȥڿڣһ׳Ƕˡ˪Ԫ˹æӭ˳
С䣬˰þöûˡ
һһˬЦ⡣
壬Ҳ㡣ԽԽ˧ء˪Цŵ
ˣˡλǣ
˪Ŀ佱˾ƺܿġЦȻԪ
Ԫҵһѡ
˪ܵ
ѣѰɡ
˾ЦԪ֡
ﰡ壬Ϲ˵
˪ŭɫЩߺ졣͵͵ƳԪһ֪ۡΪʲô˾ԪĹϵﻹЩССĿġǳ˷һ
áԪ֣ס˾֡һס˾֣Ԫϸо˾ֵĴֲһڲˣһָ̤ʵĸо
˾ᣬűͦ棬ԪϲԪ˲⿴棬һôҪʱܿóԪ˾ĵһӡǲġ
˪Ҳû˵Լ׷ɱ飬ֻ˵Ҫ˾ס졣û׼ҪԼľ׸˾
˪˾ǻӭúܣϺ˪ţʱʱˬЦһ˵ţĿҲʱʱԪϣԪĲͣƺڴʲô
Ԫǰɡ
ԪϣҪȲʱ˾ͻȻڵ
ǰ
Ԫ΢΢һղ˾һֱں˪˵ͻȻתԼԪҲЩͻأ
ֲҽϺáҵǿˣһӣ书Բԣ
˾ԪˬʵЦԪһ߽˾ڹ۲ȻԪĬԣûô˵һ߽߾ͽΧһ飬Ȼһ䱸ˡ·̸쳣ȹ̣Ҳֻ֮˲С
˾ԭһӣھӪ˶֮꣬һӾͿԪһӡԪ书
һЩƤëѡ
ԪǫҲܹо˾ֲʱû
ãԽǫԽбǮˣҺԱԣ𣿡˾վԪȻҪԪд趯֡
壬ʲôԪֻҹġһʹܡô꣬Ը񶼸Ĳˡѹְ̲ء
һ˾Ļ˪һӼˡæֹ˽ⲻˣһգ书ˣҪдһ£ھӪͷÿ춼ҪĻءëôûиģԽԽˡԼŴԪҪԪд裬Ǵ֮
öĽʲô˰ˣⱭô
˾ͻȻһƣһ豭ͷ˳ԪХ˹ȥ
һ豭ٶȼ֮죬Եƿ֮Ȼ˾ڿԪ书ˡ
Ԫֻܹץ˹ȥһһ豭ͱȽУˮûзɽȥȵأͬʯһ㣡
ã
׵˾ȴһӹƺȲղֻҪԪֶѡֻû뵽ԪĽһˮʵȻѰܹеġѵõǣԪʵҲſһ˵Ѿټˡ
á
ײ裬ԪҲܲȣ˱֣㽫һȥ롣
ãԪֵܣҿǸмң͵ԺȻһ°ɡ
ԽԪ˾Խϲݺô꣬ûʲô֡ڿԪͶ֮䣬ֵָĶ֣˾ϲúܣȻŹҲԪӦֱԺ˹ȥ
壡
һĻ˪üˡ
֪ͲԪˣȭۣҪǴ˭ðô˶ģһҪֶţ
Ԫ˾ԺԺȻһ¶䳡䳡Χ˸ǹ󵶣ìӣӦоУɼ˾䡣Ԫûзԣ´ܣҪд裬ˣʲôԣǲܹ´ܣ
˾վԪ棬Ԫֵܣ㰮ʹǼԼѡɡ
˾˵꣬һǹ˹ȥ
Ҳñġ
Ԫ
Ŷ
ԪĻ˾סǹ˿ҲתԣۣͽֱȻҲһ㵽Ϊֵֹܣȳаɡ
˾̶ȣһĿ⿴Ԫ
˾ҪԪҲûа취ûȶ֣Ҳźһȣһصơ˼˾ȶˡ
ã֪ǫó˲ˣܺãԽԽϲֵܣǰǧǫŶ򣬵ʱɻúܲҵġ
˾ƺԼֺģԪȣǫԼҲûпһԪǰһ֮⴦һ
һ磬שͷҲܹĿ飡ɼ˾ϵĹ쵽˾Ҳǰ׻ģ
ϧһ䵽ԪϣͱԪ˫׾ٸץסˡ
ʲô
һűԪץס˾ɫ΢΢һ䣬¶˾㵵顣һɲǣԪ˫ץס˾ȣȻһ
һɴ˹˾ûзӦ˾͵˳ȥ
˾ϾҲǾжս鲻֪жǿҲš
æڿһתҪԪĴ֣
Ԫһ˫֣һ޴ǯһ㣬ס˾Ĵȡ
˾ʹһȻѲˡȻ۵һһӱԪˤ˵ϣ

˾һĲҽС񹫼һң
һԿŵ˪æס۾Ŀˡ尡һǾ˾ⱻ˴Ӹ߿ˤйǱģ
Ԫô°
֪Լǿ˰Ȼˣ֪ǫһ£
ˣˣ˪ֲĸоæȥ
壡
˪˾һŭصԪһۣƺʲôֻû뵽˾վȴԪȴǴЦЦˬޱȣû˿Ķŭ
ˣȻһоʹңʵٿԻ
˾ЦŲŤ˵֫Ԫ˹
ᣬ֣˵ã˵áֵܣҵĲӰɡ֣ӦΪҾС
˾һˣȻԪˣȴķڷúǿġ
һԪļϣϾ顣
ԪҲܹо档
ԲҲξ
ԪǾܾˡһߣȥξǸԼ
㲻ξҲǿ㡣ߣһȾȥѵĶ֣ʹ졣ϣˣҪٺ򡣡
˾˹סԪļ
ԪԭΪλ߶ܰӵģû뵽˾ȴһ⡣
˾һСǼˣ棬Ըķ䣬Ը񣬵ǺԪͶһԪ˾ͺΪ޻̸һ㡣һ磬һֵܵĳƺǽ˪һεεĴŮһߡ


58 
лһٳ֣ĲȻܿͺˡ
ˣ̫ˡ٣лл㣬١
үӼᶼҪˡδҵļ̳ˣҪ˵ʲô飬үӶ֪ôźáڱκˣﵱȻޱȡ
ʲôˡ
һϣѯ
ԪһӶһɱģ
սȭͷҧгݣﶼǴ̹ǵĺ⡣һ˵֣ͺĹͷһ㣬Ŀ̹ǣһӶǡԪ˲һӲð
ɱˣǸħ
ͺԪһУЩëȻ
Ŷ
Ļɫһ䡣
ʶǻаһߣʵҲǴǰڵʵǸ侫ˡ
ˣû뵽Ҳɱˡ
٣Ԫбβҩңڣһӵ˴ڡ
ƺֻ֪лܹɱԪæԪĿɶ֮һһ߻
ʶԪ׷ɱԪٵ֮Щ飬һһʮظ˻
ɫҲǳ
βҩٵʵһУ޲ʾԪű
Ѱߣ񻹲ôȤֲûҵĴ˳֡һԪȤ
ܺáԪһʰǾܷġ
һ˿⡣

÷֪ǧ٣Ԫǽźȡ˾ˬʵ˹Ԫĺžơ
˪˶棬һԹؿԪ˾ˡ
Լ˾һЩòãڸԼһˣԪǺ˾ֵˡȾƣһһȫ˪Ĵһ㡣
⿴˪ﶼҪˡ
ԪԽ˾ӴԽϲ˾ΪȻλȨأȴһҲûмӣ̹֮ʣԪӴֻúȾƶȲ
׾ƣ˲ŷ˾Ʊʱ˾Ȼˡ
㣬СӣţҴ򲻹㣬ͲҺȾƺȲ㣬ҺȲ㣬ɽӣȲ㣬Ҿӣ
˾һߺţһָԪ˭֪˵ţ˵ţһͷԵ˹ȥȻˣ
壬塭
˪æȥû취˾ȾƺˣֻܹȥˡԱмˣһ˾̧˻ȥȺҲǵģ֪ʲôúȵģҪȸݡ
һ죬Ѿϵʱˡ˪Ҫص˯Ԫһǰס
˪С׻ø˰ɡ
Ԫ˪ǰһľһֳŰϣĿ˪
㶼ȳˣС׻ʲôϢȥ㡣
˪Ԫ
ԪȴǱ˹һӽ˪§˻
һԪ§˻ԪǽʵţھдŵϢ˪ĪһšرԪ־Ȼķǰ˪Īһ٣ֱ
ԪҪžƺԼɡ
˪ɵЩΪֲԪԼţҲԼҲţһӵϢԼϣõ˪ҲЩš
ԪˡԪѡ
˪æҪƿԪԪ֪һӽ˪ƵϣȻȥסһ˫ֱ˪ؿԼϲİŮһ㡣
Ԫֱضţһǰһӵĺ˹õ˪ĪһмʮֻС¹һ㣬ֱиԼҪƿԪȴָоֱԪŵĸоһʱ֮䣬鸴ӵ˼㡣
ԭԪﻹеϲԼģֻƽʱߣұֳѡںȶ˾ƣ¶ͽҪԼˡ뵽˪Խ֪ԪԼ׵ʱԼҪôźá
ǴӦأǼװһٴӦ
û뵽Ԫƽһˣ˾ƣҲĲ
ֻǿϧ˪ڴĸûеԪ˪Ƭ̺ȴҡҡͷ㲻㲻
Ԫҡҡͷײײŷ˹ȥȻһ˵˴ϣȻ˯˹ȥ
㲻
ʲô˼
˪һ׹ߵĸо
ѵԪѾһô˪ҧס˺ӣ
ѹ֣ѹһֱûȤ
˪ͻȻĵĸоʲôĶʹһû뵽ԪﻹһˡһŮˣܹĸоԪղſԼ顣飬ǰ˹飬ϧȴǶԼ
˪ӦԪ˵ģȻĻԪôԼûа˼ء
ǣҪһʲôŮܹİ
˪һ˶ʼɵ˼ʼһԪϲŮˡ

˪Ԫ˹ȥԪǰϾԪﲻáʱ˿̣ԪѾˡ˴һģȴдʡ
ӰҪ뿪ңӰӰ
Ԫ૵غšӰ֡
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˪üͷһӰȴû˵ǿԪʱ˿̣һ˼ģǸӰӦŮ˰ɡ
û뵽϶Ů˲мһ˵ԪȴסһŮˣԭһء֪Ϊʲô˪Լ˶ˡԪϧȻԪбˣϧΪԪģۡ
˪˱ӸԪˡڻ˯֮еԪӢü֮䣬ȴǽţʹ࣬ż尾˪ԽԪһĶģԽġˣҪ뿪Ǹתʱ־ͱԪסˡ
Ҫ뿪ңӰ㲻Ҫ뿪ҡ
˪ֱԪץסˣҪѶѲˡ
ԪҲӰʦ
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˪һŮˣС֪ж˰Ľ׷ûбһ˵ɱŮԪץס֣ȴϷſ˪ʵѲˣ˪ѽͶСֻøʱԪסͷ˪Ļҵһһ㣬ͷ˪ĻȻ
˪һûпԪ޹һֱΪԪֺѪˣû뵽ȻҲһ档
˪һҲκεˣֻЩźźԼûһЩԪһӰŮ֮ǰԪҲܻͬһ㰮Լɡ


59 
Ԫһ˯ṳ́ʵعһɽˮԼʦӰĻ˯šʦӺ˻ĸ׵ĸоʦݺݺܵʦڸԼգܰͬһ㣬ůģʦﶯ˵壬ʦҲøˣ־Υܰ
Ԫ˯ˣʱ˿ֻ̣һ˯ԶҪѹ
ǺܿĹȥˡȵԪ۵ʱѾǵڶİˣԪۣӳȴ˪һž¶˵
ʱ˴ͷﱧԼǽڶһֻȴԼԴǳ㷢գȥֺ
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ʱ˪ۣһ˫ӿԪȴࡣ
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˪ûԼ֣СֱԪѹöЩˣ˪æܲ˪֣һ뵽ΪԼ˯˪һ϶ƣԪЩǸ⡣
˼ˡûжʲôɡ
ԪЩǸĵԼ˪ʦʲôص顣Ͼ˯񻹺ʦӰĥһֻֻʦءԪɵÿ˪ǰ˵ôоָв̫һأԭһˡ
ûаʲô
˪վͦͦأ߸ӰȻˡûȥԪ߶Ӱ顣ҲȥԪһֻԼ顣ϾʱûֹԪʱȻҲˡʵϣԼԪ˱ʵǼɻ䡣
ûоͺãûоͺáȻѾ˾ҲѾȫˡС׻Ӧø˰ɡ
ԪǹС׻顣ϾֻеõС׻ҵС׻ܹжδǣδǡ
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˪ֽݸԪּֽ쳣˪һƯû뵽˪𱬵Ըдÿ
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һ绰ҵġ֪㲻ҵ绰أһһһҪء㻹ҵĵ绰ȽϺá
˪ָָĵ绰롣
ڽҲ˶ãܹҪȥˡû׼һξЩ˸С绰ҲŻܹԪһμĻɡ֪ΪʲôԪҪ뿪ﾹȻһ˿ᡣԪװǱŮˡ
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ģڣʦҲ˵һҵͼ컨ġ
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ûǮˣȻĻϲشӦˡʵ˪ڴ绰ʱҲ˵Ҫڸպͱ֮ĻڲŲ͵ķʽԪءԪ˪ƺѣ˪Ǯ߿ԴŪǮڲŻῪһ
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һҶ˳Ȼ˲˵Ŀ⡣һһĿⶼ׷ԪϡȻǶԪͺǺ档
·˲٣ֵľӶ࣬ȥʵûмϾڿǿѧᣬŵĶǴҽԺȽĿƼ˭ȥЩĽʿ
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61 Ưĸ
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ԪҽԺ̯һ죬ȻһҲûɡ
ԭҲм̲ס棬ԪѯʡһʵԪ˵ʮԪ߼ۣһǼɫͱˡǿЩʿҲƭȡ·ѰˡһξȻթƭʮⶼԱˡֱǳԲƬʧķˣȻҪôߵļ۸СǮ˰ɣǲ˶Ԫۣ
һԭҪ׬һԪˮƯǮû׬ԪҲЩɺô߳ҽȴûʶֻбɽȴɳĸо
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ԪҪ׬ǮһҪǮ
ԪɨɨҽԺĵߣ˽ȥԭҪȵҽԺĲ˳Լģǵ˰죬ҲûҵֻܹˡҽԺͷӦм˵ǮĲ˰ɡ
Ԫûͨתƣֱȥ˺һ˽ҽԺĶǮˣЩǮ˲ԪҪƵĶ󡣲ķŴ඼ǹŵģȴԴӴ⿴һһһ˲ϣем飬еһ˶ûУġһڣȻվŮŮһϲ˵棬ִʲôࡣ
Ԫϸһŷ⼸ŮŮǿ˼ˣǰ᷿ġ˴ϣһ˫۾ԼЩŮỨ˸šȴûһȥչĸܡִֻ
ҽԺǿ̬ĵط͸ɫʽ˶Уÿ춼űϣŸֻĵľ飬ĩ󣬸ʽǳֹ¶пܷԪҲȥҡҡͷ߿ˡ
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ԪĿ䵽СŮϣþû뿪СŮüͷţ·˾޴ʹ֮һ㣬ü䣬һսںµĸо
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ԪţѾһСŮԼһˡΪٸƺһƣԱߵİƺҲLVġһǮĿˣԪʱ׷
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ٸ˵ţ˵ţӿ˳ţһģһĸ׶ŮʹŮ˾ţˤڵغæҽԺˡҽһ˵ԲˣȴҲ˵Ĳλ޷ơСŮѾˣڻûзӦƯĸ׵Ȼżˣ
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Ԫʼ硣ҽβǽԵֵģԵֲĻǿҲǲܵġһβˣǸѩĸףǺءǮûô׬֣Ūһɧ˾ǸѩģȻһѩɱԼǺѩҲѲ˸ϵ
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Ԫȥ˲һ۵СŮǰһСŮ꣬ٶܾ£һ޵ٸֻɫҰףüͷһɫʹģǡ
ԪѾһСŮĲˡҽԺҽΪСŮǿԴԪȴ֪СŮûʲô˺ֻܵ˾ţ˶ݵʶ֮жѡ
ʶԣ˵ҲأʱѹҪ˵أҲһյģΪпһӶѲ
СŮǸһȥֵʱŵģʱһʮ·ڣͻȻһ˹ֱײԱһ·˵ϡһ·˵ͱײˣԴ˳ȥѪܴĿġСŮһĻŵεڵأԴ
͵ҽԺ飬ҽˡȴһһûа취ٸŻǽǡ
ԪԼŮǰٸҲЩšһΣϣԪܹԼŮκáҲЩģԪʲôҽΪƭʵ̫ࡣҪûκԼŮŮĲô졣ҧŵؿԪͷޱȡ
ݵʶԣҪѹǺѡѵľСŮǳ֮ӰҪĵطҪ֪СŮӰǿǻһӵġԪҪκѣҪĨһμ䡣
Ԫ˵Щʲô顣Ի֮оһ֣ԽڸڳĴˣǳ죬ԻȥûκεáǶСŮûʲô⡣
ԪһһɫĹ⻪ָ֮䣬Ȼָһһ⻪ͷ˳ȥһӽСŮԺСŮüͷøˣҡͷʹһ㡣
ૣ
һĻٸĵòУæҪȥȴԪһץסָֹסˡ
ȻԪִӻһöɹ˿һŨζɢԪһһŨСŮڱǼ˹ȥһӣСŮʹɫƽģıðСչ¶ƽɫ
˯ɣ˯ɣеһС
ԪСŮǰͳҲ˹
ĵ飬˯ȥɡʲôҲûʲôҲû
Ԫһ㣬õԱһٸҲһԪԼҪ˯һ㣬һֵľ硣һˣǳ죬æʹ˻Դ˹ʱ˹ȥȴԼСŮ˲ϣȻ˯ȥˡ
Ҵʱ˿̣˯ŵģİ꣬񾲣û˿ʹ࣬ڳһ֮һ㡣һĻٸﶼ¶쳣ϲĹâ⼸ԼŮһֱڻ֮Уٸ֪ԼŮû˯ãҲû˯šΪʼնʹ顣һجһ㡣
ڿԼŮ˯ţٸ͸˵òˡ
СŮ˯ֶӣԪ׽ʱҲˡȻͳִ˹ĿСŮϡ
ˣૣ˯ˣҪˡԣ۾
ԪĻħһ㣬ոһ˵۾һСŮӾһ˫ӣɢųγĹâһɻؿΧȻǶ˵ٸϡ
裡
һ˹
ʱ˿̣վţΪϲٸҲ̲סˣһȥסһԼ䱦СŮҲ̲סӿ˳
ૣˣ֪ɵӡૣҲ뿪ˡҲȥˡૡ
ٸСŮ˻ᶼ̲ס˳
裬ʲô鰡ǲڹ裬ôҽԺ˰
СŮҡҡͷǲԼôͻȻҽԺͷѾڽϿѪȵһĻˡ


63 ȥҼס
⡭
ٸǰһĻҲЩסˡҪ֪ԪæβֻԪૻѰû뵽ԪȻһοӰļҲĨˣ̫ٸˡܹɾ˼ҽûмҲû˵ء
ૣĲǵ𣿲ǵڹֵʱ𣿡
ٸһ˫СŮһ˫Ӵϣ
ʲôǵˡ裬ʲôôҽԺﰡ
һ˫ӿ˿Χ覡ԼıŮϾģٸҪˡһѽ૱˻嶼ڲš
һѲҲĿǿµĳ󣬻Ӱû뵽ԪȻһμҲĨˡҽҲ̫˸оͲ˼˰ɡ
ԪԱ߾ؿšβˣʵһ˿ĵ顣رǿһųϣϲõӣһһػ
ٸһϲģԪҲܿġ
һٸҽԺҽˡҽ˹૵ǰúôૡЩҽҲû뵽ôѡ¶𾪵顣ϾһˣҽԺͷ˶ιȴһһûа취ġЩרҲûа취û뵽ȴˡ
ЩҽҲûж˵ʲôϾԲ⣬һµģԤġСŮĪĺˣҲûпܡ
ҽһȷûб顣ʱٸ˿Լʵɽ塣ԭһֱǽŵģڿ૳׺ˣһűĲŷ
ȻٸſԪԪһֱԱߵš
лл㰡ûء
ٸԪǰһӱˮҲǷĽεΡܰ˵Ĺͷڻһ㡣ַԪһ˫˸мԪģ治֪Ǻá
Ԫ
Ԫƽص
Ԫҽ¡ɣпûת˸㡣
ٸȻǵҪԪʮǮʱóֻת˺ܷ㣬ֻһͿˡ
ԪпǺþûãҲˣ˺Ҳǵˡ

ԪԴ
ֽɡҲ̫á
Ԫ
ûиʱԪͺôơڸ֮ȻҲӲˡпûдϣ˺Ӳ֪

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ûпЩ鷳ˡҪȥȡǮʮֽɲһСĿºһȡôֽġ
ðɡûпֻȡֽˡǰ˳Ժ֮һȥɡˣһһѵĸײˣܰȥһѺǮŶ
ٸʲôԪǼʶԪҽģʲô˾ƼԪҲǰԪԼѲ
ŶǺð
Ԫûеط׬ȡʣµľʮأٸԸԼȻòˡ
ѵĸ׺ж˻ôģʮˣûܹκãҲֵĲ顣ܹκõĻǼٿԸһġ
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ٸԪǺøࡣھȻҪԪȥԼסˡ
ȥס
ԪɫһĿⲻɵһ۵ٸϣߣˣֳ˼µSͣȻһĺӣȴԵ÷ˡȫһŮ欵͡
һٸȴԼȥסѵԼͼ𣿻ԼҪ֪е˿ǺС۵ġرһƯŵˡ
㲻Ҫˡֻ૲鷴ȥҼҿһ¡ҼֻҺˡ
ٸ૸ҲоԼҪЩͻˣЩ졣ȥסֻڿԪһҽϹŮĲ飬롣
ðɡȥסס۲һ૵ĲҲáŰɡ
ԪҲ׷ˡҲûеطȥȻҪٸȥˣסٸҲһġ
ٸģƺٸûе˵ĻҲûκᡣû鷳ԪȻȥˡ
ԪСŮ֣૵ҲԪſ֣Ԫ˹
磬㳤ͦ˧ġ
૱Ԫ˻һ˫ˮӿԪද˵Ҳ˹
𣿸統Ȼ˧磬ȥ档
СŮþ£ҲܿɰԪ˾ְֵĸоΪղԪ૶˻ԭʹжԪ׽ĸо˵ʶ˺ܶһ˵Цܡ
Ԫ͸ٸȥ˳ԺҽԺֱи˹ȥ
ʮ飬ǺܿȡˡԪûа쿨ֱֽ𡣿Ԫһֽɫ΢΢Щ֡Ҳûж˵ʲôȻ˵һֽ𵽴ߵˣѾˡЩ˾ãҲܹ˵ʲô
֮Ԫ͸ٸ˹ȥһıͣСŮ૾ͱı˷ӡ
ؼˣҮ
СŮ૸˵öҪһ㡣

Ǹ𣿡
Ԫٸ߽ҽԺʱһϵһ˳ԱҲһϵһĴ磬һĴţǻС֮еˡ
˾ǻҪҵˡǸŮˣûʲôϵƺβĶ󡣡
һϵ
šȥٻ㱨
ǰϵ˵꣬ӰһȻֱʮ׶ߵΧǽһתʧˡ
һϵؿǰһ׶

ڽԳ˺ôȴôҲҲԪ䡣ǻʲôʱҵˡǻҺҵ
ԪҽԺ̯ʱǾ͸ˡһܳŵСŮΰٲݻ鵤
һʿŻ㱨һ˿⡣ܹưٲݻߵҩģǶЩҵ˵Ҳͬޱȡ
ܺãǼҪҪ֪еܡ
΢΢һЦ
ҪԪڴʱ˿׼¼Ļ˵׾ٵ顣Ҫ֪ԪϵܣõԪϵһжǾͲô׵顣
һΰٲĵҩݣһǴǵķٳɳ㣬ûԪȤŪԪеĶһҪ֪Ԫ˱ı
ϾԪһߣ˭֪ûվءһжҪС¡


64 ӥ֯
µĶ⣬Ǽϵ⣬˫ӥĶšĸ¾װӣΪһͷһֻӥ˫Ҳ¶ѪɫԵ÷һȺ˲Ǳˣһδɱ˪ʧܵĹӥ֯
ҵԪЩӥ֯ĳԱҲͬҵԪ
Сô񣬾ȻҽԺ̯ôãǸһˣҲûп˪䡣С޸ǳʱһסһ޵ĸˡ
һ촽ղŵĿһֱµϣǷΣľ飬һٸһһˬˬ
˪˾ţʱ϶ٳˡΪ֮ƣֻץСӱһſԡߣ׵šȵжϰˣϾţߡ
Ѫӥ󣬱ת뿪ߴĺӸһڸ׵šεöԪ
һ񣬾Ȼʧһѻ֣ڹӥ֯˵һ޷ʧԪȻѪӥɱĿꡣԪǲ֪˪ΨһѡƾԪǹӥ֯ʧһѻ֣Ԫͷɱɡ

Ԫ֪ԼȻ˸ˣֻһϸ㣬ױ¾Ӧǧ۰ɡ
ʦ鷳Ҽｫһϣȵ૳ûˣҾʹȥѼҿ
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С졣ֻԱߵһС档
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СӲǱٸȥ˰ɡ
һɱ촽ڽԪʱĿһֱµϡǷΣԲƨɣģԪһҪúһǸٸζһ鵽ˮٸҪҹ塣
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ͬһʱ̣ԷĲҽУȻɫ̸Ů˵ĺɱֵɴ۾ͨԵ˵ϡǵͷȻһѪģѪӿ˲òˣ
ѪӥɫҲһ䣬תȥһһͦݵ˳
Ԫû뵽һɱϴȻԼһУɫ΢΢죬Ǻܿ
һɱֶѣֶΣҲܺȡԪѪӥͺһһ㡣


65 ȥ
Ѫӥǹӥ֯ϴҲݺὭɱ֡ʮ꣬ɱеʮͷûһǧҲа˰١
޸֮ͯɱףȭķȭҲɱˣԹӵʮ̣ԭѾ̩ɽǰ䲻ľ硣ǲ֪ΪʲôǰԼ߹Ǳ񣬾ȻõһմѪɱָоһ˿⣡
ѪӥһѱСɵĸץУɫԽסԪܹоԪʵףĶҲҪԼ
˶û˵һƬžȴɱɱ֪ΪʲôԪԽƽԽѪӥоëȻĸоѹȣֿ־壬·Ǵӹͷðģ¶ڲš
ȥ
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ѪӥֲȻû뵽ԪʵȻֵزɱô꣬ûп顣ʵ̫˿ºͲ˼ˣ
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ЩɱԪǽģȻ˶ѾˡʬȴΧ
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ԪһץѪӥʬ壬һֳԱߵһʬ壬תֱСⱼ˳ȥ
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ʬһ鷳飬ϾеϵôѪԪֻСϸĵɨҹ˾ûʲô˳֣Ҳõı˿
ԼԺҪССһѵ
ԪߣЩ׷ɱɱ֣û˿η塣ҪΪԼԭ򣬶˱ˣԪˡԪɲĸŮ鷳
Ѫӥ׷ԼӦѯ˪ġĸôֻҪԼ£뿪ĸӣǾͲκε⡣
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ӰֻһԪȴ
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ԪϸƬ̣ҡҡͷûȥˡ
ӰҲӦЩɱ֯ĳԱѪӥ֯ϴѾԼԱӦû֪ѶˣɢȥԪûȥˣ̨ϱȥȻ¡
̨ϴƾ˭Ҳ޷һ۾ԪĬĬתŹӿ⻪תӿԪΧС
ҹɫˣһ紵һƬûκεܿ죬һϾȥˡ
ԪҲǱ۾һϡ


66 ī
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Ҳǽһ壬ʲʮڣī¹ǧıףҪ˵ĲƲˡͨĲƸ
Ŷʮị̄ҵǷˮǹһСŮǣѾݹӾˡһһͶʹڵʷʫӾŮһţΪ˽Ȧһƥƾųɫݼ;޵òδҵ˵˳˳ˮֱϡպпܷ󣬳ΪӰ̳ϵľ뢡
ֻīһʱȴģرǽ졣
һǱıڣī̴һ޵ĺȹţŨױüԵ÷ԸУֻһ޵Ͼŭݡ
ȺӹҽβðְֵĲðְֲˣأȥˣ
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һķսսīǰͷҲҳһСƢ֪ģҪүҲסûһ˸Сǰ˵ġ
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ⱣķĻīɫˡ
ǼһôǮβҰְҲͰˣؼҿ壬ѵؼ̽׵ԺҼˡҽǷǣԺҪÿ춼Ұ֣ʮСʱ׼뿪ֻݼ͵Ҫ뿪ҰһСʱ͸
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һڴϵӣīɫһ
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ԴǰĸȥԺߵ˾ֻи׺һҪǸҲȥˣīĲδҪôȥ׵ˣ¸ٴĴۣҲҪȳΪҲܲʧȥ׵ʹˡ

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ڳһĶ˵Ҳ̽˳Ԫ￪ĵˣţ૴Ц;οޱȡԪҲһϲ
Դɷ૵ԸԵرĹƧֻϲԼһ𣬱ˣҪӽѡǶԪȴûһų⣬Ԫǰֵúܻáһ㣬¶Щ˼顣
Ҫ֪֮һֱûٻ飬ૺͱദȴû뵽ૻԪദô졣ԼҪٻ飬ҲһԪģϲ˰ѡ


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Ԫ飬ѾĲˣҲȥС׻ˡԪͷѾһʮС׻ɵ顣
ǣͲ￴Ҹ𣿡
īһżˡۿϣκԼ׵Ĳ飬ī̵ȻϣԪˡԪ֮󣬾ͲٻϾǾԼ׵Ψһᡣ
Ԫҡҡͷ
ٸǮһвУ
ī̼ŵдһ˿
Ԫҡҡͷ
򣡡
īҧҧ촽ѾһСĿˡ
Ԫûͬ⡣
㵽Ҫ٣㿪۰ɰ
īԪԪѾһĹˡҲϻǮ򲻵ĶԪ֮ԲҲǼǮ⡣
ǮûáΪҪ뿪Ҫȥһºһ˵Ļ㻰
Ԫ˵꣬һתȥˡûٸī˵Ļᡣ
ị̄ôˣ
ī̺ԪղŵĶԻҲˣæ˹
׺һЩԪҪߣ˵ҪһԺܹ
ī̺ݺݵԪһۡûпôקءԼһȻӡʲôԼ׵ĲҪ
ǾͺãԪ˵һġɣị̄ԪȥȻٻ㡣
µ

µҲûбİ취ˣīֻõ˵ͷȻת׷ȥԪ

ԪµĸоǲģͻݣƯŮ˵ټˣǸī̲֪Ҫ϶ٱ׷˳ҪԪؽȥϾԪûг
½㣬ˣҴʿͿˡī߻ҪϣҲá
˱棬Ԫµ
룬ҲöԣԼرҲһ¶Ԫĸй۵ԽԽˡȻ˵ȴһҲ䡣һ̤ʵأ׵ĸо
Ǻðɡ˾㡣һԺǵùŶ
¿ԪһЦȻȥī̵˾Ԫ˵ĻţΪԪ˵㻰ˡһһͣԪǰ˾˳˳š
Ԫ˹ȥ˳
ȥģ
˾عͷòѯԪ
ľͿˡ
Ԫƽصͷһӣͷһʮ򡣻ʮµĳûᣬҲˡǮԪҲûϵѾˡһʮС׻Ӧ׵ˡʱ򣬾ͿԽжδǣδˡԪ۾˳˼

Ԫ뿪Ѿкüˣ޾ȻоЩϰˡſķǰδеʧ䡣
ǰԪڷʱûоôǼˣԪûлĺȱʧʲôһ
ûȥϰˣϴε֮¿ʼµѾʼҹˡ
Ȼ˵¿ʼҹһûѧ˵һ׵顣ţֻҪԼŬһջġ
ÿ죬ĴӦƸҹϾͻص
ÿһƣصңƿţϣľԪӰÿһƿţͷǿյģôҲԪ
ʧ䣬Ԫĺʧ䡣ʧȥʲôҪĶһ
޿ʼϰһ˶ӡԪȻڣɽԪķɨøɸɾ
еʱ޻ĪԪĴϣԪµϢͻȻ䷢֣Ԫദһƽʱ⣬Ȼͻ䣬ÿʱÿ̶𣬶ᴥ
żҲҪԪ绰ǵȵֻŷ֣ﾹȻûԪĵ绰
ſյֻϸһ˿Цû뵽һˣһʧԼʱ䣬ɸɾȻһϵҲˡ
᲻᲻أ
̾˿Щ˼

˼ԪˣֹһҲͬѰԪϢ
ޣ꿸ӵĽǺ͵ǡΪǿԪ˵ģԪ׷ɱĺԪ¡
ǣҶǣ
꿵һָоָо˶Լˣ˼ƮɳȥǣҵֻԪһˡʼʹ̽ԪϢ䡣һһûеõӦ
һԪʱˮһ㣬ϢĴԼʧˡ
Ȼһ绰Ҳû¡
ҲҲҲԪ
꿿Ŵ⣬һƬ꣬Ҳʪ
ȥԪļҲܼԪһа취Ͼ޽ǺԪסһģӦ֪Ԫ䡣
ԼЩʧܡһֱǱʶͷԼԪŮѵġϾԪ÷ôáڣȴԼԪĵ绰붼ûС
꿾͹ȥܴʵһЩԪϢҲܹȷԪڹúòáûг¡費Ҫæ
ԼܹޣֻҪܰһҪȥŬѧУҲԪϢ˵Ԫ˪ʦ֮ôˡˣȴûôš
һ֪ԪȡģԪʦȫͷôһءֻ֮֮


71 
ѩѾļҰ˳һĸףζҪˡ
˰칫ڣعţ˾Ϳ⡣ôȥˣһֱѰԪ䡣ǲ֪ΪʲôҲԪӰ
ҳô飬֪ҲѾףԪͨˡҶҲԪôԪӦò顣
ֻԪΣûʱƶԽԽǿˡ
ֲܹ֮ͺˡȻҪźȥˡ
ѩ̾˿ûǷʲô˵飬Ԫȴһ⡣ϲǷ顣ȴǷһ飬һӶˡ꣬ʱʱԪӰԪĸоʱȻԼҲ˵ˣָоַ·𳬳˼򵥵Ķ顣
С㡣
ʱſڣһʻѩǵ̨ˣҲ˵ˣÿ춼Ҫյʮʻѩ¡
˰ɡԺҪõǰˡ
ѩ˵һ䣬ֵͷʼˡ
ǡ
ҧҧתȥˡȴЩĽͶʼÿжʮ˼ÿͻѩɡϧԼȴС
ȻĽҲ֪ԼɫǲӵЩġϾѩȣһֻСѼ
ߵ棬Ҳв׷֪ѩһһֱСѼ˭ѩƯԸأ

ڶ죬ѧ֮꿴һУһˮ޵¥¡ЩԪܻص˼ңһԼ·ͷԼƯƯģŷĵȥɲԪԼƯһ档
Ԫķǰŷš
ܿ췿Ŵˣ¶һ޵ޣ꿳֣һ˿ϲæ꿣ˣ
æ꿽ȥͷһۡûԪӰɫ΢΢Щʧ䡣
߽˷ҲڷɨһȦûпԪӰҲ΢΢ЩʧȻŮ˾ɳϣ˴
޽㣬Ԫ⼸춼ûл𣿡
ѯʵ
ûаûȥҹ𣿡
ҲЩ֡ԪԼ޲֡꿺ôҲǺԪ÷ģôҲȥ꿡ԪϢʧˣһѶ£塣
ûСҺüûϢˡΪء
ɫЩįԭҪõһЩԪϢء˭֪ȴûС
ǰѾüûпˡ˵һֱиˣͻȻûˣЩϰߡˣ꿡ûԪĵ绰𣿸绰
ʵЩ죬޶ЩڡΪʲôԼûһԪĵ绰أЩ춼Ҳ绰ϵϵʽҲãܹԪСʲô
ûУûĵ绰
ҧ֪Ϊʲôÿһα⡣ԼʧܡΪڱ˵ӦԪŮѣҲԪ׽ˡǣԼȴûĵ绰
ûе绰ɡ
ֻðοԼ
ԪҲǵģһֻ֪ҸһˡûϵȥˣӦùͻġ˵ˣһ׷ӻأҪǲҵķ˭ȥ
Цŵ
޽㣬ȻҰһסɡҲסѧУˡ˵ĩʱ򡣡
꿿ޡÿסţܸ׵õԪϢ
ðסˡûʲô˵ء
޸˵һסţȷʵЩ壬һҲ˵˵˳һԪĹȥϾ꿺ԪôãԪĹȥҲ϶Լ˽⡣
ֻܹ֪һǣԪһͨˡԪϿ϶һЩ飬Щ飬Ҳ֪ʳһЩټԼõϢܹƲһЩ
ÿ˶УŮⷽǸӵ
⼸켸ÿ춼ԪѾһۡǾԪȥϲһŮȥˡǸŮ˵־ͽӰ

磡
磡
磡

˿ĳڣԪ硣鶼ˡ
Ӧ˰ɡ
Ԫİ˾ͷЦŵ
˾һˣʱʱԪŻһЦⴺ磬һº׽ĸо
СЩѡ
Ԫ˭ԼԼǸѾˡ·𴥼ʲôĵ飬Ԫ˴⣬˵ˡ
㰡͵õҵʶպǰ;⳵ǴСרĿˣѰܿġʲôİ
˾ѯʵֻһ𿪳ģҷһЩ飬Ǻ˽⡣
Ұӵġ
ԪЦЦǲ˵Լ顣ڽѾܶˣٲ͵һ㣬ŪǷ꣬ʱʵûѾ綼ǵˡ
ӵģܵõСҲˡҿͦȵ͵ģӦһµˡأϼᣬȻûʲô£ȴٿ۵ġ
ʵ˾ŵ
𣿲˻һӣƽƽ̤ʵĹһӾˡ£ûôҪ
ԪҲ˾кøУΪ˾̸׵ȥһЩ
ҲԡҲԡ̤ʵƽҪϧ˺ٶˡˣȥţͿҪˡ
˾˿ǰ·
·һֱߣҾͻͣġ
Ԫ˿ǰ档
ϡ
˾˳١
ԼֹʮӵӣͣһϽڵ¥£Ԫ˳ԭҪ˾Ǯ˾æ־ܾˡһѺ˾ͷˡԪתϽڵ¥˹ȥ
ûһʮһС׻ӦûˡС׻ھͿ̤̤ʵʵȥˡΪ˵õС׻ǻ˲ٵľ


72 
˵ԴһԪһĸ߼֮òˡһѧڣԭ붼ҲڵȱǮĵزһʱ˳ɣһӾȻ˼ʮ
ϱǷծڿ˭ð⣬޲ôӶԷեȡһЩǮԪϲǻ𻨣ڱ˼ԭһʨӴ󿪿ڣû뵽Ԫȴ۶
⼸죬ڵڼﶼǺŸġȻΪԪһ϶ԵֵġϾԪ˪ܹˣ˪ǿǮǮСܹ˻Ǯ𣿿϶
˵ͷӡ˵ԪСĻһ𣿡
ӿڣһŵģⶼȥˣԪһӰûСⲻò˻ɡϾһɲһСĿ
϶ᰡһ˵ʲôǮ
˪ļ֪ģǿ򸻺˪Աߵ˵ȻҲ򵥡óһ˵ֻ׾ٵѡԪСûǮ˪ҲֱΪͨ˪绰͹עĳ̶˪ԪСӹϵ˪ԪСӲ
ҲһܹóôǮˡα춼ûһء
ӵ
ʲôžˡ
Ͻȴһż˵ģλһ˶ȡȻ˵֣ͬҲǽޱȡǷµĶծûмҪˣҪŪǮһ⡣
ԪŪǮĻôɾˣ

Ԫһӣ߽Ͻڵļǰš



һŴˡӣԿš
һֱڷŵľ⿪ŵʱ˿̣Ԫ֣ͺǿһһ
ѽСˣˣ
ڿԪͺһʮķഺСһ۶ҪðˡæԪߣҪжС
ĿԪĴʱ򣬸۶ðˡ
أ
ԪֻС׻
̨ҶѾúñˡܵʲô紵ɹ
æԪ̨̨ĸߴһ߸ߵ֧գ˷紵ɹ
ԪһۣС׻һаãҲ
Ҳڶ£óһӣ˿һӻ̵ĳƱͳڵǰ
ۣô࣡
ںҪһ㣬˷ܵ㵸
һʮһͿˡˣûдӣҪװ
ԪǮ˵ϺûȥˡּĹھͿˡ
ӣǣиӣװ»𻨡
æ˷ܵص
ԪǽһȷʵиҪֱӱС׻ȥҡУ϶˵ΧۡǽС׻һͻࡣϾû˻֪С׻
Ԫ˴ӣС׻Сװ棬ʱҲǮּˣʣµʮ򽻸Ԫ
Уˡ
ãã߲Ͱ
ڸ˵ᶼҪˡ
ԪһӣһСӣ¥һʿԪԼ˹ȥ
С׻Ҫ޼֮󣬲ܹʹԪ޽һ¡
ϾԪҲкóһʱ䣬ûлȥˡҲ֪ôˡ
Ԫ˵ʿһֱ˯ϰߣǽţţڵʿҪ޼ʱԪȴһЩԾ
ΪڸԼ
Ԫûк⣬ΪտʼԼһɣɣһʱϾͻһڣһ֮󣬴ֻQQ
ԼĳӻȥûʲôֻԪоԾǳ˾Ϊɣɺͺ˾Ȼͬһˣ
ԪоǲǰкǿΣʶֵⲻԾһĻϾ˾䣡
ǰҪͣ´ѧȥ
˾ҪͣʱԪͻȻ
Ŷ
ԪĻ˾ӦһǰϾԪǿˣȻԪ˵ʲô˾͹Թʲôˡ
ʵоڸԼԪǵһĸоˡһ¼ԪоڿԼһԼС׻ָ֮о͸ǿԽźˣԽоΣǿ
ԪԼֱٷ֮ȷڸԼ˭ҪԼء
ҵˣԪҡҡͷѾĳˡѾԼٸԼѰͨɱ֣ܸԼôûԼֵġ
ԼߣԪֱжϡ
˭ʲôĿ꣬ԪѾоΣա뿪뿪Ϊڽ̫࣬Ǳ˸١˭֪ᷢʲô
Ԫ˪ľɷ˳֮ѡ˪һطԪԼԭͿǵġ˪ѾˣʱڲԪ˪ҲõĻ˪
Ԫ˳˵ʿѣںɨɨյģûпһӰ
ƻĸߣ
ԪһЦҲ¶ʲôСӾ¥˹ȥ
˪ţԪ˽ȥûмŽ֮ϡǺһϽ˺ȡС׻
Ϊ¼ʱ򣬽Ѿ˶ˡҲ˵һС׻Ҳ˷ˡ
һݣԷҲûжᣬɼԷ˼ȫС׻ϣԼϣҪھԼϸܡ
ԪԽԽÿ¡һѾӦЩˣһһʲôˣʲôء
Ԫһ֣͵һ
ң


73 ɽ
ԪС׻ȡ˳һС׻ʢޣһĻ죬貶ĿžֻȵĸоԪ֪С׻ԵõԭⴿԵһڣͻĪһЩҲ˪Ƣô𱬵һԭ
Ԫ˼޼һС׻ڻǰ죬ܣֻܹȵ϶ˡʱ򣬱ֵԽɾԽ˻ɡһ޼С׻һߺŸ衣
һ˸ԼôҲûж֣ȻͼġֻҪԪֳǣǾͲԼ֡
Ԫ޼һС׻󣬾˱䣬һ޿ɿڿֺһڣȻɳϣؿˡ

ԶԪһ䷿ڣüΪ׵СվšԪķһͷһԶסԪķ
óԪ⣬Ǹûзǡ֮кܿ뿪ˣȥ񱨸Ϣˡ
УһվšõϢȫ˻
һ괿ԵһֿκμҽСϲŵĶԽԽˡ̽ıûУ
תһ˫ӴŸĪ飬о˸
ûС뼸Ҵ̽ˡȴûзԪ˵ĴڡͻȻðġ
УԪƺһ¶ǰѧУ飬ǲ֪ôģͻȻߡܶණǲ鲻
ͷ
鲻
ɫһԪԽǹ죬ԽҪ
ҵֵûв鲻⼸֡Ҫеܡ
΢΢Щŭ⡣һ˵鲻治֪ԼһȺʲô
ǣǣȥ졣һҪԪˮʯܵеŭ⣬һæΡΡ
һŭǿǲ˵顣һϵŮˣҪŮ˾ȻܾˡȻȴŮ˵ıһٶ˳һٶּ飬Ů˵ļ壬Ҳһҹ֮ȫˡҪǣŮ˲һˣһλСľٵĺ飬ڵʱ˲ˣֵúܴԭΪᷢңû뵽ȻǱѹȥˣ
ٶŭһŭˡԳ˵󡣶ҵҲȥһЩ飬ƽκκ
һ˺ܿ˳ȥηηȻǶԻޱȡ
ɫš
֮Ԫ飬ȻΪ˸ҲһֻССһ㣬Ͳֵһᡣ
ܹ֮ǿʢһܴԭ򣬾ӶᡣΪÿһߵһԴ˵ܡûЩͨ˸ܳΪߡ
еߣܣ㡣ԻҶߵĲԣǾߵĵϸȻֵʱ򣬲Ų©
򣬻ҲԪһߡԪбߣֻһߣҲҪҳȻնݳ
նݲ紵ǲܷһܵĳ˻ŵģ
Ԫû֡ҪȵԪеһܺ󣬲Żѡ֡һ֣ͱضԪڣ
ȻЩ飬ֻС顣СȻòŻԶ֡׼¾ǿߣǻδĴˣǰ;ԺһСﶯ֣ʧݡ
үүǲƾǿߡ֮УһƾǿߡûеĻһܿͻᱻˣ
֮ľпѪܡֻҪܹͻ£벻Ƶľ磬ôǻҵʵͻõһѸ͵ʱҲҪ֮Ҫ֮֮
սȭͷһ˿ݵɫ
ߵľ磬ǣ£ĸ硣һһͻơرǲƾ磬ǿ޵еһ״̬ǾԵǿᣬǴըҲ˲ˣǸǿߣ
һƾǿߣ֧һ׼¾磬ᣬֻжʮͷͣջҵԴʮͻƲƾ磡ʱǲĺ£˼ɣҲӭһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ͻȻָһ
ʱݵķһɫĹâХ˹˻ǰţȻһߴ糤ķС
һѷߴС˻ǰɢŵķâǺռ䶼Ȼñ
ɽ
Ȼһѷɽ
õ߿һѷɽһʼɵ÷Ҫ֪Ƿɽ˵ɱǧ֮ķɽٿأɱΣǷɽû뵽Ȼһѣ
һ񽣣ġһͨ˼ˡʱͨȻ֪ʲô͵ѪĶҲܹоɽǸѰ˼үү֪õϢҪӶ˲ϣɽһĵطүүҪۡүү֮ǰͽ˵һסˡһŭ֮£үүͽļˣѣȫʮˣһһɱ
ɱʮˣȵɱŮʱ˲ŽɽҲûԪֵԭΪԪ֪̫٣ԣһ֣Ҫɹүүҵĵ
ɫһһĿŷһĻƿ˹ȥ
ƣ
һʱɫСһһ⣬Ȼ˹ȥյһһĻƿ˲ѿƬ

ٶһʱ񽣿һתٿһֻص˻֮Сס֮һıо˹رϵķâûϲ
ɽԽǷâɱԽ׸ɴ࣡
ǰõһڷɽ£ݡڻûɱһˡѡĵһĿ꣬Ԫ
ߵķȻҪߵѪ죡
һ˿ĺ⡣


74 ˮ
ҹɫԽԽˣֱ˶˯֮Ԫ˴ƺ׼˯ˡȵתʱɫһȻһֱڿӣȴҲ֮鿴ΧԼˣһһߡǴڵʵһǴǺڵʵ
ĸߣÿһ˵ĵȼԼҪǿҪ˵˱ˡҪ֪߿һһѲŰԵúܵģܹʹĸǿߵˣҲֻиǿߡ
ĴԪֻӡһĵӡһֻ֣·һ³
ղһֱɳϣԪ˺ܶࡣҲʡ˺ܶࡣԼǰ̫ߵˣ̫¶Լоˣ죬٣ҵŰɹȥˣ鷳ǰΪûж٣Щ޼ɵû뵽Ȼô࣬ôǿ
ã֪ΪʱһζԷֻǳ˴ǾԸԼɼԷСԼĸȻȼԪǿԪţһϵĻԸơһǺڵߣԪҲǿɱˣԪԼʵţϾתģ
Ԫûдĸ߶ĸߵΧɱǣԷߡʱԪҪѾûôס
Ȼһ˵ĵһԪҲԪȻһֻءͷʼ˷ѵʱ̫ࡣûôʱ;
̣
Ԫ뵽һʡֻȥԼʵȵԼӵ˲ƾʵʱ򣬾ͿԳ׺еˡٲҪµκˣ
ǣ£ٵƾ磬ɽԪ˾ţ֮òײŴ˴ǣЩΪŬܻһ˺棬⾳ΪͻӵѡԪӿ̿С
ԪղŲϹ۲ţѾȷ֮˵ķλڣһǺڣԭɢ򣬵ǿҹˣص˶һ䷿ڵĸߵȥˣԪôҲҲ
ԪҲܲôˣൢһ̣ͶһΣավС׻ǰһС׻ʢܴҺĻӦúܿͻῪС׻̫󣬸ԪЯ
Ԫó˼ֱӽС׻ϵĲλȫȻִｫС׻ĸȡ˳Сãͷʮң
Ȼ˵϶С׻û취Լûô˳ˡԪС׻ĸֽӺϣϵϣȻԪӡȻת˷š

ԪķڣüΪ׵šĴһöɫĵҩҩ֮ϣɢסţڴ֮С
ǻɹԪģѾˣԪûзǵӰҹ˾Ԫ˯ˣǱҲʼ
СΧвٵıڴվţʲô紵ݶҲܹ֡ǲԪߡ

һСʱԺԶ˪СһֵϣһͻȻƿȻһԴ˳ڴںš
һ߾ȻҪˮ
ʿԪҪĳ嶯СΧǱڴ֣ȫǶԼġԪȻԸɵǣҲݾߡû취ֻѡˮܡ
֪Ȼ˷֡ˮͷĶ˺óһʱ䣬ʱºʿػĸо
ԪһҪúʵȵΪﵽ˲ƣҪҵ߶ץһһˮҪҲˮζ
ϵ·ԪͷֽǸ˻ȥǺáȻתŽֵһͷ˹ȥʱѾ賿ʱˣ¹·ˡ
Ԫĥ뿪˪סǧ׵ľˣԼలȫˣǰȥҪ·һʿȻ뿪
û߼ǰһɱ˹һֱָ飬͸ǵĺ⣬Ԫﲻɵһ⣬̧ͷȴǰһһ۵վһ˫ͬӥһסԼɢűɱȻС֮ûбԪֵһ

ǻС֮еһҲһʮʹﵽ˴ڵʵһҰĵˡľһǴǾʵҪʵҪõҵĹע
Ԫһᡣ
עԪһУڿԪĴº͸оЩܱתȻ˶ҵԪ
סԪҲû֪ߡΪҪһ󹦡ֻҪԼԽһˣʱڻǰ϶ҪԼĿ࿴ԺõҵԴͻ࣡
ԼģΪǴڵʵԪǴǰڡоԵʵѹԪ
Ԫ˹
ԪüͷĿҲΧɨΪСȫԼټѾȴԼĳ֡ɨһΧȴֻһ߹
Ԫ˿ֻһסνֻҪնɱȻȥԡ
ԪҲӭȥתӳ˫˫֮ϣһĦſ˺Х
ҹ°ɣ
˾Ԫʮ֮ĵطͻȻһȻӰһһ󼲷磬˲Ԫ˹һԵ죬ȻһֱӴ˹Īܣһ˲֮䣬նһ㣬ҪԪ˵ϣ
һѹȷʵǿͨˣһƴ£»ͷҪɢˣ
Ԫͨˣ
ԪһҲŅ̀һ֣ȴ̲Īİϣ
žһ쳹žҹһ֮ɽѹǿİ˳ȥ嶼ҪƷ˳ȥ
ʲô
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һɲǣԪ˳ץ£ĲϣҪƷȥץ˻Ȼ͵һᣬץһֻѼһѣֱ͵˳ȥȻͨһ£˵ϣ
ۣ
һѪ˳ŵضɽҡҲҵù˿


75 ɱ˲
ΪԼǴڵʵԪֻǴǰڵʵԼʵӦȫȫѹԪġû뵽ŲһغϣԼȻԪڵˣ
㣬㡭
Ԫһľ㵺𾪡ôҲû뵽ԪʵôǿѵǴǰڣǲ԰һԪԪȷȷʵʵǴǰڣ
Ԫģ͵һ飬еȻȵġ
Ԫڿûʱīһֱץ˹ȥ
ԪһϢȴűɱһӾõоѹæˣһԪͽ֮ͽĲӸУ
ԪһѽĲӸкɫӱȻ͵һһ󿩿˹
ɴ۾صԪһŤӾ˹ȥһغ
ԭҪץԪͷû뵽ȴСҲûˡ
ԪɱһҪûʲôһ飬ҲûҵκεĶ
ģԪɵһ䡣ʬ壬æתߡ
˵һˣ϶˶ᱻܿͻص׷ɱԼ

ңһߵͷվţ·ڲţΪһŰüӣһ߲ţһںͻʲôǷԪԪȴǵƤˡ
Ȼˣ
عͷһĿϡĿһɨ˻²ɵôһս̼䣬̱ڵϵĸо
ҲʧˣӦ׷Ԫȥˡ
üŵ
üҲްû뵽ǸԪôƻԭһƽҹ˾˯ʱ򡣰üΪԪûзǣԾ͸ǣڷԪȻʱܡȵǸоԾʱ򣬷ѾûԪӰʵȼԪǿȴԪˣ˵һڻǷһ

ʱһڳ˽˻ǰ
٣廨ֵһʬ壬ʦġ
ʱǱڲΡΡ
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ⱣڵĻͬλ˶ɫһ䡣ǴڵʵԪǴǰڣȻԪԪһʲô
٣ԪȻܹɱͷ϶ĪıüȥԪ£
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˼
ʱ򣬻ͻȻЦԪԽԽ˼ˣԼƤӵߣɱԼˡü˵ʵԶһǾȵġԪŪǣŪһȺһɼԪһֵýĶ֡
ԭΪȴɱ˴ǰڵˡǴǰڵΪȴɱ˴ڵ
ԽɱˣҲͬ˵ˣԪϿ϶ܣʵ
˶չѲһԪ٣֪ͨҡҪԻ
˫ϣӿֱЦ⡣
ǡ
ʱ򣬰üæ˱֡ת׷ȥˡ

ǽһңһͶ
ڵһ˲֮䣬ʼѲǺڵǰ׵ʱ˿̣ǵĿֻһǾԪ
ŻҵͣԽԽ˷뵽С
ԭĽһӷһСʻ鲼СۣҲʼӳãÿһѰԪ䡭һУֻΪһ仰
ԪоΣ١Ϊǰһ·֮ϣؿȻ˽顣
ҹ˾ʱּ̣ͨ·ڣԭǲǲġǴʱ˿ȴˡһУԵĸԪʾ
ԪȻ֪ҵˡڽҲֻлҲ
ԪûǰȥȻͻһؿǺܿԼپͻ᳹ױ¶Ȼ󻪼ҵ߾ͻӿҪ¾ǿߣԪԶ϶Լɡ
οʱ˿̣ԪﻹһС׻
ǧŵõһС׻ԪܷǴһС׻ȴԼϾһӣս
ԪվһĽƺѰ˼׽ʲôܿƺ뵽ʲôæӴ򿪣Ǯȫ˳
ʮȫ˳ȥԪȡǮ
ԪһװС׻ӣǮ·˹ȥ
֣ԪŵʿɫƽһʿȥˣûͣڶҲȥˣûͣԪȵЩżʱ򣬵ʿȴͣ
ȥģ
ʿ˾һˣ̽ͷԪ
Ԫȥ˸ʻλãȻһƨȥһӷ˾Աߡ
ûбİ취ԪһӵܣױۡȽӽˣ˰Լתߡ
ǻҪԸԼС׻С׻ͨʽߣӦòκ˷ֵġ
飬Ҫ𣿡
Ԫó飬˾ǰһ¡

˾۾һ˵ͷɲһСĿ˭Ҫ
ҿԸ㣬ֻҪҽ͵ݣ͵һ˵
Ԫ
ݣʲô
˾ɵԪӣﰵĥһǶƷɡ
˾Ŀǰ棬ЩڵĽﲻɵһû뵽ԼȻһӣã
㲻ҪᣬʲôƷֻһֲѡұ׷ɱȥ㽫ֲȥ͸һ˾Ϳˡʱʮı꣡

ʲô
ʮʮ飿
˾оͷЩ£Լһ㡣һ㵵ؿԪ


76 
˾ʮ꣬רƱҵˣһֱҲԾͿ˳⳵
Ѿ賿ʱˣԭĹʱѾˣΪ׬Ǯҹˡ
ƾ˭ȱǮҲͬһϼ̸һŮѣѾ̸ۼ޵ĵزˣ˼ҹҪʮĲǮ
Ǹũ庢ӣƶֻܹǮʮĲǮô࣬òǶòǮĻ˹Ҫ޸ˡԶֻҹҹ׬Ǯ
ǿ⳵ͷǮҪ˾ֻһСͷһ£ۻҲܴǧǮ
һ˶ǰʮջ󰡣ܹõʮĻϾܹؼȢˡǮģôһǮƣǲܵģ
һԪӣͷȷʵֻһûбĶ
ֻһѣֲǶƷ֮ġʲô׬Ǯͺá
뷨ͽԪ·Ȼųһؿʻ˹ȥ
ؿڴվڷšĳʻ˹æ˹
ͣ󺰵
æͣ˳ʱޱȣ飬һĺҪԪűʲôأݺԼҪ׬Ǯ˼״Σǿɾ͵òʧˣ
ó
ڳɨһȦȻ˶æ˳ȥһۣͻ˶
Ӵ򿪡
ץסһӣǽŵģȻʲô
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ǺЦӴ򿪣ŵȷʵһһ飬ҲûзʲôرĶûҵҪҵϢ
߰ɣ߰ɡ
ûΪѶö뿪ˡʱһһ㣬ظæ˲ϣͷϵĺˮųǰ˹ȥ
ԪԼʲôأڿӦòǡһʮӦ׬˰ɣѾ׬ˡ϶Ц⡣

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ʱû˾һ򣬶ѡķ
һ·ϣԪѡһЩƫƧĵطţۺͽֻҪ뿪˽һоͶ˵ˡ
Ԫҧţ·ϣٵľҲѲš˵Щ˶Լġ
⻪ҵǴΪѰһԼȻôˡԪĲѡ֪ԼһԼϴ鷳ˡ
ҿŲƾǿߣҪԸԼĻԪûһ취ȥͲƾǿ߽ġ
ΪԼͲƾǿ߽͵һֻϺһͷһͷһžͿԽϲ
վס
ԪǰӵʱͻȻӰǰסԪĵ·¸ߴıڣ
ԪŲͣ±ڵǰԪһȥģݾ˳
ǣԪ죬߻١
Ԫģһ±ڴҪóֻ˭֪ӱƵһУһӷȻ嶼˳ȥһѪ˳һͷԵ˵ϣһغˣ
һ±ھˣõóɱ±ﻹ˿ͣæһһתҪܣ



һ󿩿˹Ԫֶǲӷ±ڸɴ۾ﾡǾ㵺ͻֵ̿飬ȻͨԵ˵ϣһغˣ
תۼ䣬Ͼʬ塣Ԫʬϣǰȥ
Ҫ뿪˭Լһɱ˭ɱ񣬷ɱ

һƮƮվ˾޴شǰɫƽȻúŲ衣
Ȼ˵ԪһǰڵߣʵҲǻûнԪϡ
׼¾ǿߣʵԪϿɲһأҪɱԪҲ׾ٵ顣
ԪȻɱԼµһߣȴӳԼġҪԪϵܣԪʵҪȫҵȻһһɱ
ԴӶġܹ˳Լģȫɱ
һڲ裬ڵĲ㣬˿ڱ֮䣬Ե
٣١
ʱһڴҴҸ˹һ̨ƽԡ
ô
תȥ
Ԫټˡ·ļƵʱǵȻԪȫɱˡ
ⱣڽһƵŸٿƵԪɾ䣬˿ء
΢΢һЦ
һʼͲԪܹӵóġʲôطҵĺ԰Ԫ൱һֻ԰СϣһֻСϣҪӳԼģǳ˵ΡԪڵķڻҲǰѣͽ޹
ϰüˡ׽Ԫ˭׼֣ҪԻ
ϸһ˿Ц

ԪǰţԽǰϣͷֵԼǰ˾ԽˡԪʼоΪÿףͻһԼˡ
ԪȻ׾ٷϵǣ⼫ĸԼٶȡʱ˿̵ԵıҶѾˣ
ԪתҪһ򡣿Ԫһȴɺܶࡣһһľ죬һһĺڵʿΧ˹
龰ͺ˶ϵһشһ飬ͬˮһԪΧˮйͨ
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ţڰüҲ߷˹һۣ˫ĿסԪܹԪһһ֣һӱ÷ɱűɱѹһУ
˾ЩһֱԼߣԪɫΪо˲ѾˣǱĸֻԶ


77 
Ǿߣٸ죬ٸڵ֣ŰΧ˹飬صԪΧסУƣõԪ·ӣ
Ԫսȭͷµֻƴһˡ
ס֣
ҪԪֵʱһȴ˹һѭ˹ȥȴһһµ޳ӰԶ
ͦΣֳȣֳĸоرü֮һʣ߹ңһ֮ϣҪݳĸоһ֣ͽ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥħһ㣬˿˾ŲƲĿ⣡
˱ǻ
׼¾磡
⻪һ֣Ԫﲻɵһ⡣
˻ʵԪһ۾ͿԿó⻪Ʈݳһ볣˽ȻͬʣٲȻ׼¾ʵ
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Ҳ
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ף
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һңȻ벻쿪ϧѾУ񽣣
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Ҫ֪ɽǷеһ֣ݣɱǧ֮Ⱑ£Ѫɽ磬ҲǺķû뵽Ҳһѣ
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һɽնԪҲҪ˲룡
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¶ɱָһ㣬񽣾Ԫ˹ȥ
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֪ԪڲŲٵܣڿȻˡӰӷĹһۣ;ޱȡܹԪץˣʳ⹦Լʵֻٶȵõɳ
ڻͷзɽɱǧ֮⣬ûȥ׷ԪһٿػһеһӰ˹ȥȻڵı£֮䣬ͿԪƫƫҪһԼ񽣵
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ܹԦ񽣣ҪɱԪ練ơʱ˿̣ͺһ˵ףԦһɽոŪԪԪٶķҲܹһһɱ
ԪӴš
ӰʩչѳһӰӷķٵľѪԻ񣬸Լȡʱ䣬ֻҧǰšǰ棬ûмǴĻһ׷ɱʱӿ󽭣
ͷһڷɽȷʵԭֻ׼¾ʵһڷɽ֮󣬿¾¾ĸ֣ҲܶԸһҪ˵ǴʱֻǴǰڵԪˣ
ԪҧǰšԪҲ֪⻪ݷɽַ񲢲˽ɽʹüɣ
٣ûзӳɽʮ֮һԪȻţȴȫ»
һ˻ʱеšԪ֪ʱ̵ˣ
һԪͷͬҲӵз֮п⣡


78 ɽ
٣ķɽķԪҲѲˣ
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СеŻԦŷɽɱԪ̲סһһȲƨģ޲ýдĻȫ˵ˡվ˸ߴҲһȡȻû˵ϵβס
⻹һԼϵķɽķɽҶûмڡԼȴõһڡһڷɽѪҪǽɽ˵ǧˣǧҲɱáԽԦɽԽ緢ԼٲȻףո˵һ㡣
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ʵĪ⣬ɽֻ֮һԪ׶ΣǲͻġӾӣ֮ǰҪһ飡
ߣģʶĻ͹ԹԳһ٣ϵıܶȫ򣬻ٱض
ǣͶһ
Ҫ㣬͸Ͻģܱȫ

Žǧ׵ľ룬ԵԪԪȴ񿴶ûпһ㣬ֻǰǰԶķɽϡ
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ٻɽԪɽĴʱ
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̵񽣣ԪĹҲսȻ˵˷֮һնӭԪ飡
䣡
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ʱԪͻȻ֣һʧķɽץ˹ȥݺָ֮䣡˹
飬
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ӲӿԭԪ˴֮УǷɽĪܣҲܹںнԼնɱֻڷɽԪץסУụ̂ҪɱԼûôף
Ԫ˳ⲨӿĴӣγȥ
񵽵׻ǵһμԦڷɽֻ֪ԦɽɱˣȴûɽҲ֡ɽͨɽһӱˣҲ궼ƺɳ⣬˺һŷӦȵӦʱԪȴѾˡǰһĻɫ䣬æȻҷɽ죬׷ȥ
ģԼİŮ˱˸һ㣡
ʱΧ۵ȺźȻ˹æһһųȥŴ׷üҲһԾ˴֮УӿȵĴӷ׷Ԫ
ɽҵķɽ
һޱȣǼ廨˾޴Ĵģû뵽һӾͶˡоԼĿڷۡĵһһԭԦɽɱԪҲ԰ڵ˼û뵽԰ڲɹԼķɽҲŶʧˣ
ԣܼٻԣٻҪҵķɽٻ
ʲôæ˿ھҪԼķɽٻʹţܹоǷɽĴڣҲܹоǷɽԼ޴ǷɽʲôƷסٻǷɽǲԽԽԶԽԽԶˣ
ҵ񽣣
ͷ˲ԭ٣Ҳһӱ÷Ť˫۳죬Ƿŭģ»ʱ̣ûĽӱ˸һ


79 
Ѫ߶ԷֱӵʽһڷɽܹѪֻ֡һͨĸ֣ǿʶֱӽɽеʶȫĨɱɾȻеѪķʽԭʼͰԵģΪĨʶ֮ڷɽڣֻһ˵ʶ
һֵѪķʽһڷɽһЩԭʶѾ˥ȥʱѪԭԼԦһڷɽĵѪķʽһ׶ˣǾǱ˶ڷɽƿܹﵽǿĳ̶ȡ
֮ĹϵǵһֵĻԪǾԲᶯɽ˼ġΪһֵѪķʽɽǾӻģҪѶȼ֮󡣳ɱ˻񣬲пɽ
ԪѾȷڵڶַʽҲ˵ڷɽ֮ڣŻʶǰʶֻǰʶ˥˲ɲĵزѡһ£񽣵ƿûеһֺǿĵز
ԪӶᣡ
Ԫҧ񽣣˳һ·ӿ¡Ԫ񽣲ţԾܵ˻ٻ
ԪҧסûзſһֻҪԼ뻪ľԽԶڷɽٻͻԽʱ򣬵ȵԷɽƿһʱԪͿԳӶ
һڷɽһƷķһݵأɱΡҪԼõˣɱֱ׾٣
Ԫڷɽʱ򣬾Ͷռ֮ġû뵽⻪Լû񽣣ó԰ˣֱǽ񽣰װ׸ԼƣԪﰵһ䣡һĶƣ
ȻѾӡ˻ʶԪҲŵѪĻ϶вͨġΪûʶᷢǿķɿ飬Լɣʱ򣬻˼ԼԪ
Ԫἱ񽣣ԭǴģȻеǰ취񽣣
Ǳߣ׷
׷Ǳߣ

ڰϣڷ׷ԪüΪ׵ߣҲǲϡԪ쳣Σա
ͻȻ䣬ԪһȻ⼤Ծһ
ϣһ۶
Ԫ͵˻𳵣ץס˻𳵸ǣ𳵵ٶȺܿ죬һ۶ü˿Ԫ뿪ȴûа취ˮʱ򣬻ѾʧȥӰ
ǵٶٿ죬ȴҲȲϻ𳵵ٶȣ
ߣ׷ȥԲܷŹ
ԣ׷ȥ
ü˴ŷ׷ȥСӿǻص׷ĶֽһޱȵķɽӶȥˣΣҪСסУ
ֻץסԪڻǰһͣҪץԪԻƢǶҪŵùˣ

񽣣
񽣣

ͷɢ˫ͨ죬һſھһߴôҲû뵽Լò׵õķɽȻʧˡʹſھҲصԼˣ
ԪǸСӣԭҪһԼ񽣵Īġû뵽һȴӡ
úõһڷɽӶˡ
񲻸ģҪÿھǷɽٻ
տʼٻʱȷʵǸܵǷɽоǷɽĴڣҪԼһ
ϲԽ߷šǷɽһɴεƷסƾôʹҲ޷ٻҪǣɽԼϵԪĶߣԽԽԽԽɫҲԽԽҰˣ


̲סˣһתſھһ߿׷˹ȥٻɽֻܸ׷ȥˣٶôܱȵԪ
ǷɽľԼԽԽԶҲԽԽģһصϵȻһӶϿˣõûȻˣ
񽣣ҵ񽣣
ܵ񽣵뿪һʧ˵ϡ
һޱȣҲûмڡǣھȻʧˣ
޷һʵ
Ԫҵ񽣣һҪɱ㣡һҪɱ㣡

ûо֮ϣԼʶֻھ̫Զϵ˶ѡֻҪԼ񽣻ԼġֻҪԼҵԪӽ񽣣һԶ
ҧҲԪӶݵķ׷˹ȥ
ԪѾӵʮ￪ĵطˣҪ׷Ͳһ׵飡

ϣԪʱȫˡҲ
ʪܵģҲ˲ôˡһץס񽣣񽣻ڲϵţƺǸܵ˻ٻֻȴû뿪ԪġɼԼͻľѾԶԶˡ
һڷɽޱȡԪû뵽ڵ磬ıõˣһҪúõռвС
޷Ĩ֮ϴڵʶ׿ڷɽԪȴа취
Ԫվ˻ϣҵһʱ׷Ǹ񽣵ϢҲҪѲٵʱ䡣οѾ˽ĵ̣ҵҲûôˡ
ŻʻСʱУһмеʱԪȥ
Ҫʱڣ񽣳ԼĶϾڷ׷Լٱ׷ȵԪĿûʲôùӳԡΪԪʵԶԶȲϻ


80 
һмнƽԪƽʹһʿ
ȥ
Ԫ
ϣϽ£ĹġȥԵĺʱڡöŮءСӣҲȥ׵İɣ
ʿ˾һʮͷصһ߿ųһ߻ͷԪ
ף
ԪһǷصأȻˡǧšǿţҲˡ
ǰɡ
Ԫ˵˵ͷ
˵״ء˶ȥˡĹܶࡣСӣҿ㳤Ҳͦ˧ʱ϶ϲġ
ĵʿ˾ੲݵ
ԪһûһӦŻܿʿͣһ޴ΡǰȻɽ˺ַǷŮŮȻͬ˾˵һ״ᡣŮɦŪˣ
ԪʮǮǮ˳Ȼ߽֮ࡣв˹Ԫ볡ȯԪܾˡ
Ԫֱ˹ȥ˴ŰСʱʱֻˡͷһֽľ
ԪҪǿ񽣣ͱ벼һϴ󷨡ԭԪзݵĻԪĹھͿ׾ٽϵʶĨɱ
ֻԪڵҲݣִֻªˡ
ֻƷɽҪѶȲǺܴ
Ԫ˷ֽľִ˲гһڵĹѪԪŶһҾƵꡣ
㣬
Ԫһһ빷Ѫһľͷֽҡ˹õǰ̨СһϾŹѪƵ˿ǵһο
һ䡣
ԪڿûжʱīֱӽٿǮǰ̨̨ϡ
ǰ̨СȻԪһװɻ󾪲ǾƵҲûй涨Ԫ˲ܹ
ǰ̨СֻøԪ˷䣬ݹֻǿԪϾǹŹֵ顣ôʲô˶а
ķ
Ԫùֱŵ˹ȥ¥ܿݴˣԪϵݣ¥뷿䣬ţϽֽľ
˷źʹ˵ذϣָһ빷ѪϣţǰһԲȦ
һԲȦԪٽֽƽ̺÷ԲȦм䡣ֽǴªȫܹᲢۡӡһӦò⡣
Ԫֽľȼһɹð˳õ䶼һֹɭķΧ֮С
ԪɫأһҧָѪӿ˳ʱдʣƺٻʲôָڷֽȻдһʲô֡
ϸȥᷢһĶ֡
ԪָıȻһɹҲǴָӿ˷ֽ֮УŴľ֮Ҳеֽ֮С
һŻɫķֽȿʼƽģȻеĹâӿ˳

¼ʾСƽɢĴѰңһҪҵСӣ
ƽüɫӥһ˿⡣
һԪȻķɽҲˣǷ˶ðĴȻҵﻪңԪˣ
ڻѾŭڸϹ·ϣʱ˿̣ҲǰüĴûᣬҪǽԪץҽ񽣸һǾǴһ
ʱڻǰ϶õ˻ҵȫ࣬պǰ;
ǣ
ϵϰٵĺ±æʱ򣬷ֿ˶ʮӣƽѰ˹ȥ

ڸƽ·ϣ˳ɫѿ
õ񽣣绪ʱԭҪԪһԼڷɽû뵽ǣɽ˳ȥûƷסԪȻȻԼķɽҲԪˣ
ܴ裡
һһȻ˵˳˳ˮֱϣʲôʱʧܡԪǵһԱˣҲԲŹԪ


սȭͷ˿ĹĦͬʱ֮䣬ҲһĬĬתſھ
ܹоԼǿ֮ϵԽԽǿˣҲζԪԽԽˡһֻҪ񽣱ϵͿҵԪʱԼʵҪԪʵײˣ

˵һ˲䣬ʲô̱һ㡣֮ϵȻһʧˣָо궼ˣ
ʲô
ɫ䣬һѪ˳
񽣺Լ֮ϵϵҲζ񽣳׺Լû˹ϵ
⣬ôܣ
ɫɷ
Ȼ˵ǰ񽣱ԪȥȷʵûЩˬǻҲûкżϾǻѪģһʱӶˣ˻
񽣺Լ֮ϵȻϵˣɾζ񽣺ԼûϵҲ͵ҲԼĶˣ
ҵķɽôҵķɽԪ㹻ݣһŹ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ʬΣ
ŭʵһڷɽʱ˿̣ȴ˶ˡĲʿ֪

ھƵķڣԪ΢΢һЦղƺõķֽϣȻƬ̵ʱ䣬񽣵ʶͳױĨɱɾˣ
ǻʶԭʶҲԪĨɱøɸɾ
ʱ˿̣һɢžӨĹ⻪ȻǰҪⲻ٣һĲҲ֮ɢ
ȻֻƷɽѡƷɽܾͲһˡĿǰʵƷɽѶȺܴ󡣡
ԪָסڷɽЦš
ڷɽڵʶױĨɱ˸ɾҲֵԼѪˡһΣԼĵѪɽ֮ϵҲ϶Ȼι̣
ԪҧָһιȵѪڷɽ֮ϣ


81 
ԪסľƵ꣬ǰ̨һ±һƬ˽
һ±˽ǰ̨Ů΢΢һɫЩңΪоһ±ƺʲôˡ
ûС
±ڽƬǰ̨Ůǰѯʵǰ̨Ůһ˫Ӵţɫ˸
Ƶÿս˶в٣Ѱˣǰ̨ŮܲǵáǶԪһǰ̨Ůȴӡ̡Ͼһ빷Ѫ߽Ƶ˿ǲˡǷëǵĴڡ±ڽԪƬóһ۾ͱϳˡ
ʲô
±Ҳֻмһ£ûǰ̨ŮȻļ
ģȷ𣿡
±һ˿ϲɫҪ֪ܹҵԪ䣬ҲǴһҪǱ֪ˣ϶ٲ˶ԼĽ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ǣˡķ䡣
ǰ̨ŮҧҲ֪±Ҫʲôѡ
̫ˣ
±¶ϲ顣ʱ˿̣ȴǲóȻȥԪġϾԪֺʵҪóȻȥԪĻǾȥŲô޴ˣ
±óֻͨ˰üĵ绰
ףüңҵԪˡ
±˷ܼ
ʲôģǱ𶯣ҿšϹ
绰Ҳ˰ü˷ܵ˽һЩܿ绰Ҷˡüͨ˼绰žƵ˹

ԪѾڵʶϴɾˣھ͵Ѫʱ̡
һѪ񽣽֮Ϻ󣬺ܿͱ񽣸ˡһ˲֮䣬һصϵ֮佨
Ԫ΢΢һЦʱһ񽣾
ȥ
ԪͻȻһָٿһ·˳ȥХ˲ֻ񽣿ҪﲣʱԪͻȻһ
һǷɽֶ˰Уһˡ
Ԫǳ׵ƿأԲԱȻ죡ֱ

Ԫһʱ񽣴˸ת䵽ԪԪסһĸоʹ˹Ԫ񽣣ܵ񽣵Խϲˡ
ͷ񽣣ټԼǴǰڵʱ򣬿´Ǿ綼ѾûԼĶ֡ǴǺڣ׼¾磬ǻԪҲܹһˡ
ѾԪĶˡȻܹٽʲô񽣡
Ԫ񽣣ﾫȴ˼˿
ԾͽӰɡӰӰӰӰӡӴ˰ҵߣ
Ԫܿ͸ڷɽ뵽һ֡

Ƶ⣬üϵԼϰλڸ˹һ֣õǰ̨Сһܵ˵绰Ҫ
׼
ǰĺ±ۼ⣬һӽ绰˹ݺˤ˵ϡһ£绰ѳƬ

ǰ̨СþһæŶ㿪ˡ˽Ӷڲš
±ǰ̨СһۣȻֱŰü˹һɫģ
Сӻ棬ķ䡣

ü˵ͷ¶顣
òȥһĹ͡ʮˣƵΧװΧסʣµ˸
üһȺеϴ󣬺ܿ˰šһʮ±ɢ˿ȥϽƵȫΧסΧ£Χһˮйͨ
ȻüߣԼʮ´¥һݣһ¥ݣ·
¥󣬰üʹ˸ɫϱһĺ´ߵĹ˹ȥס
üķ˹ȥ
һȺ˽Ųӯƺ±Ԫһ㡣ԪſڣüؿţɫءȻʹһɫʱһ˹ȥһǰ
һҧ̧˽ţҪԪķŸ߱
ٿ
ɾһ̧ŵһɲǣһⱬ˲ߵ֮ϣ

˲䷢һĲҽУԴȻһѪעӿɴ۾һ˼ģȻͨԵ˵ϣȻһغˣ
ڰУһڷɽɢ貵Ĺâڽ֮ϣѪ
ʲô
ͻȻһĻõðü˶ɫ䡣Ҫ֪һ߰ͨͨĴ֣ȻˣҴڵߣӲޱȣѰĵӶ˲˷ֺȴһغˣ
ڰеķɽüɫӺȻ
һڷɽǻеôھȻɱԼˣ
һڷɽڰһٿһ£˻ȥϻصԪ
ڷڣԪס˷ɽָڽ棬£ܿǽϵѪһڷɽɢ貵Ĺ˴ϣȥ˼ûС֪üˣרԼӰģ
ڷ⣬һϢܿ˿üһߣͷ϶ð亹
ǻûмԪ棬һߡҪǺԪ棬֪ôԪôʵôֲˣ
ҪǣҲ֪Ԫ׶ǿڷɽʲôȻһԭڻķɽȻˣ
ɽɽǼѪķǿޱȣü˸о˺£æԵ˼
Ԫʹڷһ·ţĽ˸ü๾˿ڿˮԽǿԪԽǸо¡Ϊǲ֪ԪķɽʲôʱͻȻɳǵ
㣬㣬㣬ײ
ü˼ĿⲻɵЩ´ֵϡЩ´ײš
ôΣյ飬һСľͻᱻԪķɽͷЩ´ȽϺáǵֵǮ


82 ȫɱ
´ֱü˹ȻǿһڷɽͿ¡սս˹ͷ亹ð˳ʱȴҲҲȥţ˭СءСܾ͵ڻҵ׼
ϣ
һ´ֿ˿һˡ
㣬ϣ
һ´ֿ˿ˡ
㣬ϣ
´սս˷ǰȴһһҿϾǿڷɽʱɳһɳǿɾǼѪһغ鰡ǵȶһ´ָǿӶʪˣһߵʱ˭°
꣬һȺСȥ
⼸´ԥηηģüԱߵһϵɵŭˣ͵һ´ֱ֣ӽ´ײ˹ȥҪһܽײ

һڷɽʱͻȻ˳ֱӴ͸ţȴǺ´ֵǰ˿ХһӴϵüĶ˹ȥ
ۣ
һѪ˳ϵ˲ɴ۾㵵˵Ȼͨһ¾Ե˹ȥû뵽ԪķɽȻԹ䣬ƹǴɱԼ
Ѫӿ˳ذ嶼Ⱦˣһϵ鴤һ£㶯Ҳˣ
һ
һ涼ɱֲҪ֪˿ɶ߰ߵʵǿǿֲġȴɸɴˣضûУ˿һĻһëȻĸо
ôߣ׾ٵնɱοһȺͨͨĴֱأ
ܰ
һ´˫ȷ飬ˡһתͶ·ӣʱһЩ´Ҳǽһ˳ȥ
˵
ü޺޵ÿԪķһۣҧгݡ
һιԭҪģҪɱԪڻǰȡһͷԪ涼ûм߾ôˡ
üǴǺڵʵʱ˿̣һڷɽҲ޿κΣ
ҧҧҲת뿪

ڷڣһڴѪķɽֻԪУԪᵯ˵Ѫû¶棬͸ɵߣǷɽݣɱΣ
һڷɽȻֻƷɽȴǲʹӰԪ⡣
ȺߵҲˣԪûд뿪˴⡣
ƿ˴ߵĴ¥ôߵľ룬Ҫȥ϶÷ǡԪȴǵһЦֱӷ˳ȥ¥׹¡
һδ¥ߵĵط׹ȥԪ˵ҲһСսһʱǽһģ̨֮ϣֻ¡
׹ȥһӾͳеߵ˵ǵӦ֡
˵ϺԪƵĻҳ
ʱƵ¥Ѿ˿ֻ֮УеĴֶڷӴšûܹ˼ԪԪ΢΢һЦתһȥ
뿪ʱԵӰһ⣬ȴžƵǰ¥Х˹ȥѾɱߣԪȻɱһ

ü֪ǱܺܶǻܱҪҪȻӳȥ˻϶ⲻһͷ
Ԫʵֲ̫ˡһڷɽûü֪ԼټԪԿȥԼֻ·һ
üӴţ¥µʱ򣬲˿֪Уµ·Ѿʪ͸ˡ
ԼʦܣԼ˵öˡԼʦܣԪ涼ûмţͳ׹ҵˡ
ԼôҲǻ˹
ü˿ĸо
һʱͻȻǰһɱһӶܹõüëһ
ã
üоæһתʱһڷɽϴǰ
üǴǺڵʵ֮ʦҪǿ١һӰʱ򣬰üܹ˹ȥ
һƺ󣬰ü˿䶨ڵվȣҪǿڷɽںδ
üĴѰŷɽ䡣ɨһȦȴҲûпɽӰɻΪǷɽ뿪˵ʱͻȻһɱɱϮ
üɫһ䣬ҪѾ˲ɴ۾ʱһڴѪķɽϴü˳Х
ü˲һѪѪӿһͷԵ˵ϣ
üʦ
üʦ

һĻеĺ´ָæ˹ȴüʦѾĲܹˡ

üʦɽüĵʱԪѾ˾Ƶ꣬˽ֵϡ
⼸ߣԪûзҲûԼ֣һڷɽ㹻ЩˡֻҪԼʶ֮ڣڷɽͿ԰ԼɱɱˣǷɽ
ѪķɽصԪԪ˵ɽϵѪȫȥõڷɽ³˾ӨĹ
ƷɽѾ㹻ԪڻĹܶطˡԪϰ߽չ¶һɱȲѣҲһڷɽ
պҪڷɽú򲻵ѣʹǺܶ鷳
Ԫ֪磬ԴѷҪǳһɱεķɽõ߶ʼɷ񡣾ЩҲᷢԸԪ
ԪСĽˡ
ʧһڷɽ϶ոݵġ´ʱ˿̣ѰԼ
׼¾ʵʵ¼߶ʮ֮һĶ֡һѲĽɫڵԪûбǮԪŷɽļӳ֡
Ҫ˵ڻ񱳺վŵĻˣһһ¼ӵвƾǿߡ
һңԪֻܹܣֻܹá򣬵ȴԼĽ֣֮
Ԫ뿪С
Ԫһʿ
ʿԵ𣿡
Ԫ˵ʿ˾С׻Ԫ͵˺ȥˣԪҪǣͱҵС׻СҪȥݡ
ݰҲԶ̵ġɣǰиվд͵ݣһСʱһࡣȥɡ
ĸ
á
ԪҲûʹӦˡҪ뿪ϵȥȻԽԽˡԪ뵢κεʱ͹


83 
Լ񽣺Լϵ󣬻֪ˡȻϵ˾ƵһƵ֮ɫɷˡ
üΪ׵Сĸڻ˵ҲǲСʵϾĸǾ߰رǰüѾﵽ˴Ǻڣǣ˵ԴС˾Ȼȫˣ
ʧǾ޴ʧһڷɽټλߣһʧڻ˵Ǿ޴ġܻǻҴүҲǻδĽӰˣһʧȴŻҸ߲㽻
˿üϵƣɫѿˡΪְüϵƣȻǱɽˣ
ôܣԪȻҵķɽѪˣѵѾﵽʵ𣿲ⲻܣ
ҡҡͷԪﵽֿµʵĨȥɽʶܡҪ֪ܹĨɽʶʵҶûһԪʵĻòܡ
ǣԪȴǵĵȷȷԼķɽѪˡ
ʱ򣬻ŸоԪĿΪоԪϴ̫֪ܡʱһ˿ΣյϢҲӿ˹
оΣաԭ׼¾ǿߣԪԼʧ˷ɽ
Ԫȴ˷ɽҰüǺڵǿҲ׾ԪС
һԼԪ֡
ԭʮɵİտԸɵԪڣڽֵĻ²߳ˣΪԪʵµ
Сڷ飬ʧ֮һܹүү֪үүңΪڻô꣬ûгҪǳĴүү϶ʧʱû׼ΪҽӰ˵ĵλһΣյźš
ҧȭͷսÿ졣ʵû뵽ӡһʰ
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үүǿһƾǿߣȫһ޷һԼүүԼʧᷢʲô顣ǲ룬Ҳ֪һѡ
һжԪã
ﶼҪˣпܣҪԪһһѿȻһһѪԵ

ڳ
ʿ˾ԪһɫĴԱʱ͸Ԫĵһӡû뵽ӵɫȻǺɫģ
ԪٵĳӣٵĴͣɫĴͻǵһο
ãǵٿ顣
һŮ˷·ƱԱԪ
áʲôʱ򿪳
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ٹһСʱƽһֻһ೵
ƱԱƽޱȣû˿ĸ顣ԪóٿݸƱԱùλţ˳
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Ȼ˵Ԫɵ˰üСˣԪ֪ԼĿǰʵҪͻҶǲܵġ
˵ǻԼܴ򲻹ԪĴù⻪ңԪǾǡҲڿġ
ϾɱĸߣҲֻɱ˻ҵ߹ѣҿܲںһԼɱ˻񣬿»ҵĸ߲㶼Ҫŭˡʱһǿ߽٣ԪˡԪܹģֻоãּìܡ
Ԫ۾صȴһһʱ䷢飬һԺĳ·
ԭԪҪ磬ƽƽԼʵû뵽Ҳ˵Ĳ̫ƽԪûдﵽ¾磬͵һȻ
˺Ժ󣬵õС׻Ԫӵ͵ˡֶҪ˰ɡ
Ԫﰵ
ʱȥܿСʱʱȥˣɫ½ÿǰȥλµġһꡣ
ƽһѧУѧһǺһȥεģʮ꣬Ưһڴڣһ˵Ŀⶼϡ
һѩ׵ȹӣסΣ㷢ֹŵ˵ĸо
˴ں󣬾Ԫ˹ͷһλţ54ġֻȴüͷûȥΪԼλǷֿģ
ƺԥһ£ҧҧӣԪˡ
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ԪԭϢţһҲ۾ӳһϵĿ
ԪһСˣ崿ŮȻҪԼһ飬Ԫÿˡ
лл硣Ǹˡ
Ԫÿˣ¶˸˵顣ԪĻϲ
ԪùλţֱǺСԱߣ۾û˵ˡ
һһװĸߴҲ߽˴ͣ¶Ц⣬æ˹ȥ
С꣬ģ
࣬Ǿȥɡ
ָָλ
á
λõλءĲһŵġ
𣿸õġСҲɡ

ԱߵĶԻԪĶһѧ¡ԪЩںֻĵǳʲôʱ򿪣Լʲôʱ뿪ط
Ͼ񻪼ҵҲ϶׷ƽһ̣ͶһΣա


84 ڳ
һഺƯŮѧһǸߴ˧ӣͳһϳõòĿⶼǵϡ
رһЩ곤ģ޲ڡ
вŮòǰ䰡
ǰСѲˮǰˮġϸ˧ˣ

˧ϸչ꣬˷׷̾Ҳߺţӹ˳õһѣŽĸо
ͳʶˣҲ׷һ꣬Ϊ೤˧ҶԼֺãܹԼȫУŻϸͬͳŽһһĵһУҲЩġ
һκʮ׼һЩԵĺȵķ涼չ˵ˣ΢ģǾˡ̲ס־С˹ȥ
һһˣûء˭֪н䱸һÿˡ
λ磬ҪԿĹ𣿡
꽫һӿĹԪ˹ȥϾղԪҲЩм
ԪǱ۾û˵ԪԱǺСȴӹ˿Ĺ
ԣҪԵġ
СӴ˿Ĺڴڳ⿪Ĺɲˣ͹԰ײԡ
ѾˣԪһʯͷҲȥ١ھ͵ȵӵˡ˺ݣҵ˪ҪС׻ȻжΣδǣ
ʵҪҲʵĶûʵһжǿ̸һεĽѵԪʶʵҪԡû㹻ʵʱض̣
ƽݣҪ㽫һʱ䡣ڳӿһСʱ󣬳ھͽƽ˶æԼ顣
ԪԱߵĺСҲܿ콫һӿĹˣֻһСָԪȻ۾Ҳ˯
ڣֻͳһС˵˵ЦЦţϾеŮȻеǻҪĵġ
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ǰţһ·˶ʼ˯ˡƱԱŮ˾Աߣһ˫۾תţʱʱЩ˿͵ϣƺʲô
͵˾һʮӣߴ͡˫ʼտǰǷרġ
ʱȥܿĸСʱʱȥˡͳ᫵ɽ·ʻһɽ֮С
ɽ·ȥ˶ҡˡԪԱߵǸСӾ
С۾˯졣˿Χľɫʱɫһ䣺ףôﰡιߴ·˰ɡ˾ôﰡ
СӷһɻȻСӱվԽԽòԾ
ʱڲҲۣĿ׷濴˹ȥֻһƬɽɽ·ѣһһ㡣˲ϵ·ֻ
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ɽɡɽ˵ϸ·һٰ
ǲҪȥɽͣ
˾ȥݵİ

ʱԭƽĴһһһ˯ŵĳ˿ͶˣʶʲôԾæ
˾ͳԱûͣ˼Ӽӿٶȡ
ԪҲ۾·߸Ϥʱ˿̣һĻҲܹо
һɫǺɫģһڳɡմӻҵ׷г˺ڳ֮СԪǲ⳵ǻҵģΪҪɱԼô۸ӡضһԼͶˡ
Ӽǰ濪ţ˿͵ԽԽ󣬳ţҪ³ˡΪһ·Ȼͨݵġ
ǼȻͨݣ˾ʲôһ뵽ֿܣЩ˿һһˡ׷Ҫ˾ͣ
ʻʮӺ˾ͣˡ
ɳɳ
һɲ˹һͣ·ϡץסλű֤Լȣ̧ͷǷŭҪƿڴ˾Ҳͬʱռﲻ֪ʱȻһ˻ǹ׼˳ˡ
ǹܣʱӵ棬һõ˻ðһɺ⣡
Ұ
˾ŭһųһǹ

ǹһǹӳǱƶһ˶¶˻̿ޱȵ顣Ȼû뵽һ˾Ȼǽٷˣͷǹһк˶Ҳҳ
һǹ֮󣬴ԱߵɽĸٷˣŵһŻǹ佫͸Χס
ɽ֮УǹٷˣһһźͿ־˵ͷ˷׷ױһţȻ֪ͻȻһĻһĻ̫ͻȻͿˣ˶ЩԳܣ
Ԫɫû뵽⾹ȻһڳԪԱߣץסһѿĹ
ٷ˵ǹһֻСˡ


85 ؽڷ
˾һ˱ǹ׼ˣͳ˶סԴûһ˸ҿϾǱǹܰһӵܳǿҪģ
ƱԱɫҲñ˳ţʱһӳ棬Ҳһ˺ɫĻǹ׼˴ڵÿ͡һǹһǹ˱ǹܣͰΧˮйͨһĻ˶սͣҿһ䣡ʵ벻ͨԼôͱЩٷ˸ˣ
ӳ˽˴ڣһ˫۾ڴɨƺѰʲô
ЩٷһΧסڣ˶սսģһսرӵĿ⿴˹ǾæͷȻ֪ЩٷҪʲôǿ϶ѡвʲô顣
Ԫһ˫شɨﳵĽٷˣһһš
һĸԪһ飬һȺٷˡһһֺʵ
һߴ˾ӦһȺٷ˵ͷͷǹվ˸ߴƿһоƵơʾٷˣʩĽٷˣһߴ˾
ٷˣǹԪԸҲǺѡ
ֻһԪֵĻȴܱ֤һ˲佫ǹĽٷȫɵΪλãͳĽٷ˴һ䡣һָɵ˽ٷϴƱؾͲͬʱɵһٷˡʱŭЩٷɱ˾ͲˡǹϾǵʲôģһɨԪ赲ģ
Ԫ׼ȴʱ֡ҲҪһνǹĽٷ˸ɵСʱ򣬲ʺԪ֡ٷȻԤıģȻĻϴҲ˾ͽٳֵ
Щٷ˴µİһʲô⳵ˣҲǺǮءô󹦷򣬻ȥءԪüͷʵЩ벻ͨ
ڴͳѰܿĿ䵽һϽڷϡһ򸾴żأеĴһ۾˹˹ģһѧڡһڷǰ
ؽڣӾؼؾٰɣ
һ½ٷǰааЦŵĿǽڵϡ
Ǳ񣬺һͷߣõһ򸾲Ĳһ¡
ǣǲǼĸĸ
ŮæҡͷóƺǲµһȺٷΪʲôŮæš
䣬ͷɶѪʲôܳϵġǶɱʮ̫ˣ쾭ģִա㣬ҵؼĸĸǾǣǲҪˣ
ϽվޱȡһȺٷˣȻ˿塣
ԪĿϽϣ΢΢һȻû뵽һͷӲﲻɵöЩ
ԻݣϽڷ򸾵ĶӦһ١⾯ٺЩٷ֮ʲôԹһȺٷ˾ˡڵ˶ˡ

һٷϴߴ˾Ц
϶û뵽ͷͦӲʡҸ𻢲ɱ㡣һὫؼؼҵܸܵһһޱȣ
ͷǰ
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ʮ̫аԵЩ˻ҶеɱǺϷģġһȺٷٸҽʲôǲ䣡
ϽڴűĻǹȻ治ɫһ죬׵Ҳ䲻
϶ӲŲӶ㣡
һ½ٷԱŭˣȥһѽϽ˳ֱӽһϽڵõϽ˵
ʱ򣬺һٷһϽڷ򸾸˳ȥ
ԭ⾹Ȼһ˽˶ԹЩٷǳϽڷ򸾹ġһĻ˿
Щٷ˼ȻϽڷ򸾣Ӧû˴˰ɡҲϽڷһۣϽڷ򸾣ҲǵֵزǺںϽһˡ
Ͻڷ򸾴˳ȥһ˫ӥڴɨȴûз˵˼
˶Ҵ
һ˴͡ٷ´͡
ԪһֱѰŻᶯ֣ǹĽٷˣÿһζָúԶ˶ڲͣ߶ţԪʼûлһٽٷȫ¡رȺӵ¡
˶˳ԪҲһʮˣٷ˰Χһ
ԪһɨԶɽ֮ϣȻһ˾ѻǹǲɵһ
Һղûж֣ΪܹɱٷˣҲͬ޷ɵǾѻ֡һӾͻὫԼ¶ʱѻ֪ǹԼҲˡ
Ȼ˵ԪѾǴǾʵˣ˲Ԫ֪ڵǲܶӵġ
ԪʶΧɨһƬطѰſֵܳĵˡ
һȺٷֻ߸еǰվţһžѻǹɽ֮СԪǾѻֵķλ
ǹĽٷˣͬķλԪ˲ٵ鷳
ô찡ˣ
ǰ浹ù˭һԽڷأ
909¼Ҳ˵һʲôľٴӽһɽķѣû뵽˼ұȻҲˣ
ǰʮ̫ɽܵˣ
ˣˣǲɱڰɣ

ʮ˿վһ㰤ңҰ㣬սս֪Ǻá
ʮˣٷ˲ֻ߸ȫʮһƣȴûһ˸Ҷ֡Եų
ԪһֱѰŽǶȺɱǹĽٷˣȺӵվм䣬ö֡
ʱǽٷϴҲ˵ǰ
Ҳɱǣÿ˶ҪϵǮóǮͿ˹
俴˵


86 ͷԷ
𻢵ֻҪǮʮ˿˿ǮܱҪҪáϱг˿ȥϵǮȫ˳
һŻ̵ëүүֻǮпη׷˵ϡǮǧࡣ
һõĺѰȷûвκǮƺͽ˷ˡ
С꣬ô죿һ񣬼ֵ߰ҵġҲóȥ
Ԫǰվһ¡ԭǸ߸ߴĳʱȴѾɫŻˣԼĻץһ壬ƺܱһ
ʲôʱˣˣܻžͺá
ҧҧû뵽һκѳξ飬ҲǺܽźͺ¡
ܿһһȥȻһһˡЩ˶Ǯƺֻ󣬾ͻæܿˡ
Ⱥټ٣ԪȴһûжȻЩٷԸߣٺòˡȵߵòˣԼٶ֡㲻ܹһԽ⼸ٷˣҲܹ
һʹȥ
˳ഺģһӾͽٷ˵Ŀ˹رϴ𻢣һ˿â
ЩЩҵǮ
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ʱһ˹һҧ˶ŲѡܿǺӾƨɺ棬ɫһ䣬̧ϡһϾͳһͨӡģһ
ģˣӣӷ㣡
ŵҪų̹
Ҫ
Աߵɫ䣬æ˹ȥץסǺӵ֡
ߣó
½ٷ˺ݺݵ˳һۣæڿͷ˳˵ϣ⣬ȴǿֵơ
ʱǺ½ٷ˵ĿϣҲҪϵǮȡȴ½ٷֹסˡ
㲻Ǯˡ

һ̧ͷ
Ǯ꣬Ҫ꣡
½ٷ촽Ŀϴζ顣
һ½ٷ˵Ļɫɷ
㣬ǡ
û뵽ȴԼĻˣŵúһæס˳ֻ֡һŮӣܹһȺٷ˵Ķ֡һ뵽ЩٷҪԼ͸оޱȡ
ץס˳֣Ҫų࣬Ͼʱ˿ֻ̣ܹԼѡ˭֪ȴһӽָ˦ˡ
С꣬ҽǮҿˡҪֻ㣬ң˰
ž˳ȥƿԺæܳȥˡƺմȾһһ
ǱӳȥıӰٴһסˡû뵽ղŻԼѣȻ˳ȥ
¶ɷ׵ɫš
ЦԼΪǰ˵ʲôʱ򶼻ᱣԼģһȴԼˡվȻ¶˿Ц
ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡοԼͳֻǼŮأԼֻһŮˣҪ
ܿƽҧ¶˾ġĲܱĻһҪЩ֮ǰԼ˶ԼҲܱЩˡ
ֻǿϧԼϹۣˡԼ೤˧ģʹӦû뵽ȴˡ
˺òãĺͳһϵûа
ܿ챻һߣ˿˶һĹҲͬ顣
Ҳͬѣûһ˻ΪͷһĹһЩ׼Ľٷ˻ᷢʲôˣ͵Ⱥ֮У˶֪ʲô³û˻ȥ˼չԼİȫѾ˲ˡ
һһȥֵǮĶȫ˳һǰڴڴֵĺСҲͬ
ܿ쳡ϾֻʣԪһˡһĿⶼԪϡ
ԪƽȥͷöĹ
ڳֻʣ꣬ؽڷ򸾡ؽڷ򸾣ЩٷӦʱҪǵ⼸ʱǰȫġ
ԪֻҪ־Ϳˡûô˰ְţӷ㡣
СӣϵǮأ
һٷŵԪǰ
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һöĹҲԪߵһǹٷ˾˹ȥһһٷӦأһغˣ
һĻı仯̫죬еĽٷ˶ɫ䣬û뵽һٷˡɽŵľѻ֣͵ؿ۶˿أһǹһɲǣԪһתöĹ˳ȥ
ʯһ˲䣬һöĹöӵϣöӵƫת˷򣬶һöǺХ

ݴһĲҽУһŵľѻ־һ˵˵ϣһغˡϣĹȵѪӿ
ԭ߸ٷˣȴһнٷ˶ɫһ䡣ֵĽٷԪ˹ĵӷޱȣɨԵ죬һ˲佫ʯͷһ
ֻٷ˷˹ûԪǰͻȻһѪѪȻͨһ£Եȥ
һĻʵ̫죬ø𻢶Ӧ𻢺ܿһųӺ˹ȥתǹ׼Ԫһ£ǹ
ֻӵ˳Ԫһתȴֶ˿ȥһöĹ˳ȥȻʮԶһҪܵĽٷ˲ҽһԵ˵ϣ
Ԫ˴ͳķ֪һȺٷ˵ϴ˴ͳĺ档ֻ𻢿һǹ󣬾Ͷû¶ˡ


87 ʮ̫
һӱ÷źʹ̼ؽڷͬ궼ǵɴ۾һĻȵ˵
˶ΪԼ䵽һȺٷ˵϶군ˣر꣬һƯŮȺ֮У붼˾û뵽ǣȻת䡣
һĿԪϣŲ˼顣СӾȻһֱ֮Ӹɵٷˣ⣬⵽ʲôֲʵ
꿴ԪʱҲǽŲѡΪĽǶȿԿǽٷϴƶţƺҪŷλɱԪ
һͳм䣬ԪöĹ俴ǰ
ʱ˿̣߶ȽţһգգֱŶ
ԪȻѾﵽ˴ǾʵڵǸֱӲƴӵġһǸ𻢵ӵУֻ·һ
һڰһ棡ԪţһӰҲڼţһΣգԪԥԼķɽڻʱһڷɽϵıǶԸߣԪʹá
ڳһ֪ͷϣ϶кˮӿˡǹ֣ӵûв׼ǲ֪Ϊʲôһȴûš
ʶԪʵҲ֪ԪĽ棬ֻһ˲ĻᣬһʧһһǾ·һ
𻢽ҧ˺üΡҲֱֱ·Ŷ
ؽڷԱ߿ţҲǸŽޱȡҲ֪ǵʱˣס˺Ҳûгһڡ֪ԼȫάϵԪϡ
ΪһԪˣȴǵ˿֪
˽ŲѵʱǸͻȻ䶯ˡֻһǹ̽ĶԪһǹͬһʱ̣Ҳǰ˳ȥһʯͷ
ڸ𻢵һͬһɲǣԪָһöĹ˳ȥɫĻߣһöĹӭ˸𻢵ӵһ£ĹѳɷĩöӵԾԪ˹ȥֻƫһЩԪ
ԪĵڶöĹܿ쾢˳ȥԭǶ׼üĵģֻǸǰ˳ȥһöĹͬӵһ㣬˲˸𻢵ƨϣ

һɻʹ˹𻢲ҽһͬͻһ㣬˴ʯͷ棬һˣ
סƨɣǹѪҲǿӿ˳
ȻţǺȻһغԪʤˡ
ԪһûٽȥˣŸ𻢵ķ˹ȥĿĹҲһöһö˳ȥ
˴ʯͷ棬Ϊܹȫ˭֪һöһöĿĹʹͷϷŶãҲҴһ¡
ΪֻҪһͻ⿪Ĺɱ
ȵĿĹȥ֮ʱ˿ۣ˭֪ԪѾǰ֪һŲϣ
ҪǹŷǹѾԪĽŵ¡Ԫ˹Ǳɢɱ𻢻²ɵðһɺ⡣
Ҫɱң
һöĹ˲佫Դˣ
һѪӿ˳𻢵ɴ۾һһغˡҲû뵽ԼһȻʧܣһȫûԼ
ٷˣɵˡɵٷ˵ľȻһѿĹϽں굽ڻЩһСʹҡҡͷڵϣŵʬȴһʵ
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һԪûжǿӰΪԸЩͨͨĽٷˣɽͿĹʵࡣԪûбҪɽ¶
ɱȺٷ˺Ԫɨɨ΢΢Щͷۡ
ԭҪȥݵģû뵽·ȴ顣һɱôˣȻǽٷˣҲʲôСˡ
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ڳǰһ⣬ôһСɱˣɲС顣һҪǣԾͲȥݵĵ·ԪôȥݣһԪ顣
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ĸɽϷ˹ȥϽҲ֪Ԫ
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ֻûźţҲܱǲϵóȥ·ɽôôȥ
ɽһ飬껹ûɽЩˡҧǰšɽ·ǺȻǲߵġΪпʮ̫ǰš
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88 ͱ
ʱһһȥ᫵ɽ·ϣԪѵš֮УֻԪ׳꣬ãȻͳе˲ؽ˵Ρ
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һͱоʮȣֶָͣΣգвȥǿǷǵġͱ֮ϣȴΪĿٳһС·һ׮ͱڱϣԶԽߵƣųһС·ӵɽһһֻҪЩ׮ץͱھͿȥͬҲΣա
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УܹĿԪ׹

귢˺ᶼӿ˳û뵽ԪԼԼûһ


89 ж
ǵ׼ͥĺӣС׾ĸ뿪˼ͥѰŮҪҪǿ
ΪСȱʧҪһߴģȫģܱԼԼѣŻῴϸ߸ߴĳࡣû뵽ĸߴ󣬸ĵĸߴûаϵ
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ԪԼѾԪԼĿеӢۡȻû˵ĿںʱʱզԪϣŸм棬ݺϲ
ҲûйֺԪΪϾԪʶôãŮ˵ı֡ο֪ԪԼĸоأ֪ԪûŮءڣͱϣΪԼԪȻˣ
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Ԫһʱ򣬼Ǳһ㣬ؽæſȥ



һҵǹӵɨžžʯϣʯ˿촷ۺƬɼӵ
ЩǹȻͻΪʮ̫׷ˣ
һǹңɼԷܶࡣҿԪؽɽɽıһȺ˸׷
ȻĻɽԪʵȺҲܱؽȫϾԷ̫࣬ҸͷǹӵɨԪҲ޷˼ˡ


90 ɱ
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92 ϴ
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93 ˮ
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ɽϵҰӶġƤ񡣵ϸˡаСֵܣСƤɡ
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ԪͦϲģҪǡԪǲ֪ؽЩ˼֪Ů浶϶ˮƤ
Ԫַܿ죬ӣһƻˡԪݸꡣ
òóԡ
ӹƻȴǳ˷һûпʼæóԣء


94 
һɽϣȴؼĵԵü䰲ܰԪԭҪģǲ֪Ϊʲôʱʱ
ֵ㣬һԪڱǼ䣬ЩعͷȥȴʱʱԼ
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Ԫ̾˿վЩСŮ˼Ҳ붮ֻôϵȥ
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Ϊʮһɽԣɫ̻̲
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ЩǲǴϵĿˣ
Ԫ˿ؽڡ
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ǰһȺӳȥĳ˿ǣһ·Ŵ·ܣֻϽ뿪طţţȻ·ɽתһȦ󣬶֪ô졣һȺʮ̫ˡ
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95 ɱ
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ǹ϶ġЩʲô˰̫ˣ

һһ˹ȻҶԪЩġϾԪΪڻǶûлġ
Ϲʲô϶С꣬ϴεĶԲ𡣵İ㰡С꣬½Һ𣿡
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Ϊ껹ûбֳԼһĻأ


ȭͷɵսˣﶼҪһʱԪѾͱϡ
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̫ţ˰ɣȵӵӰĻҪ氡һ˾Ȼɵ˶Էʮ˸ǷʵУҶΪǿأ


96 ź
һӳΪ˵ӢۣһĿԪϣԪ鶼һˡ
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ҪǣɱЩٷ˾Ǳסǵ˶ԪȻĴмġΪԪǵľˡ
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Щٷ캦ԪģҲһһԸ
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ԪڵɨɨҪЩʢҩһȦҲûҵ
磬Ҫʲô
һԵĿһֱԪϣʱæ
һܺˮͺá
Ԫ
ˮ̶ǱҶܴӦÿ԰ɡ
ָָˮ̶
ԪĿһɨˮ̶ϣȷʵƮżҶҶӺܴ󣬶Լ˵ǹˡ
Ԫ˵ͷˮ̶˹ȥæȥ


ԪߣͺһֻһƲסϲ
Լǰɴû¶һĻ࿴һŻ
رǴʱ˿̵ԵرˣǸΣݣž˳ԡ
ൽڶûأ׶û׹Ǵʱ˿̣ȴҪԭԼŮͶ˱˵Ļ
൱ȻģҲܹܡ
ݺݿԪıӰһۣȻͷȥڵһǹķ˻

Ԫˮ̶ߣժһƬ޴ĺҶ˵ϡȻֹȥժһЩ
Ȼ֪ԪҪʲô֪Ԫ϶Ŀġ
ҲϹȥժһЩҶ˵ϡʮƬҶӣԪͣ
ʱԪӻóöɹȻһ
⣡
Ԫһöɹͱ˷顣ȻԪſ֣һķĩҶ档
㰡磬ʲôġ
æѯʵЩĩɻоԪԽԽˡԽԽ˺ˡ
βġŪһЩˮЩʪǲ̫ϡ
Ԫƽ
á
æ˵ͷˮ̶һˮ˺ҶϡһǷĩڻһ
ֽţЩĩŪȡ
Ԫؿţ㷢Ե÷ľºÿǵͷ海ҩӣȻмʦӰӰӡ
ԪòЩˡʱƺԪڶԼֱֱؿһߺЩ˼ģ
죬Ԫƿ۾һ˿֮ɫ
ӰܹôײǸԼİŮˡ
ԪɫЩį
ԪЩ굱Ȼֻ֪֪ԪֱؿԼǳ˷һġʱҩҲŪˣæ磬ҩŪˡô죿
꿴ԪͺСÿŴһﾡƴӡ
ɡ
Ԫվ
ԪϵİɹѾˣԣĻÿԱһöɹõġԪûôɹֻܹô˹öˡ

ʹʹˣ
һϱסԼĸ첲زҽ첲һǹֻҪһǸ첲ʹòСᶼ˳
ɽϣ˵в٣СԪѾȥˡֻܹǹ˵ˡ
Ԫһӽеʹ࣬˹ȥ
ǹˡ
Ԫ
㣿𣿡
ĿԪϡŻɡϾԪӣҽеĿǹˣŪÿɾͻ˵ġ
ԸĻҲԲΡ
ԪƽҩòǴںģ˲ȵĻҲûкķĵҪȥ˵ĵز
УУԸ⡣
æͷ
ʱԪʹ˸ɫϹȥӸ첲ϵ·˺
ӱԪԪӵļ˼£ͻȻһһöӵͱ˳ȥ

Ӳҽһʹᶼˡʹ֮󣬾ȻԼ첲ϵӵûˡʱ¶һ˿ϲ顣ǵһοȡӵķʽأʵ̫ˣ
С꣬㽫ҩĨһֵ첲ϡ
Ԫƽ
á
Ԫһ֣Ҳһ¡æ˵ͷҲоԪƺҽӡȷҩﲻƽ֮ˡæȥĨҩ
š
һӵ﷢۾ɾʹ˵ĿҲǷ׷˹ԪӡƺҲԪҽǺ档


97 Ů
ԪҩĨӵ˿ڴڣһĸо˹ⲡ˵
ۣ氡ҾȻʹˡ̫ˣ磬лл㰡
һһ˷ȻҪԪȥ
Ҫ֪ԪĻӵɨУҲҪѪˡԪȴӶԪﵱȻǸмޱȵġ
áɡ
Ԫɫƽ̫ϰ߽ܱ˵ĸл
һǹĲκˣһǹĲ׷ڴԪ˹
̫ˣ
ǰ˲𰡡ֺãһҽ
˭ˣ˭ͻˣ
С갡Ժúðס
ǰҪúϧǰ˰

˿ЦˣΧ˵ĻһСߺʱʱԪɨȥȴԪɫƽû˿ı仯
򵥵ԪദһҲúܿĵˡ
ԪһʼɷŭĿʼԪϡԪﶼŭͶʼɣ
Ҫһ㣡
ԪİŮˣǳΪġԴʱ˿̣Ԫ޲ó⣬Ѫڿô˿佱ԪԪԽԪ
ܿԪҽκһһǹ˵ĲȵһǰʱԪ΢΢סһ¡
һǹ˵һ裬ﱧһ´СɫҰףһؿԪ·һϢһ㣬弫
еĵطȻǰɽϣ
صĵطѾѪһƬҡȻˣԿԿõɽľ޴ͺΰ
㣬Ⱦң㡭
Ԫ̵ȴޱȡ´СҪҪԼˣС֪ǺáһҪȥ
ԪҲһʹȺٷɥ֪ƻ˶ټͥ˵Ҹ뵽Ԫ;ɱһҲԩ
С꣬㱧Сȥˮ̶ϰɡ
Ԫ衣

æȥСӡҲŮˣһҲǸͬܡСͲˮ̶˹ȥ
ȻԪβǵ˵ĵطǸλв㡣
ˮ̶ߺԪʹӹСȻתȥ
С꣬㽫·ȫ⿪Ȼˮ˿Χϴɾƽڵϡ
ԪԸ

ԪȻЩ˼ǸŮˣûôĽ⡣෴ģβ˵Ĵ飬Щ㲻ʲôġ
ǰὫϵ·⿪ѪܵһĻȥ
ȻúҶȡһЩˮ
š
ɫ԰׵ҧأȻţʹǴ̹Ǵ
ӣϴɾ
磬ˡ
ʱתͷԪ
Ŷ
ԪӦһСӽ꣬ʱĿϣɵһ
ֻ˵ϣ۾·Ѿˣ¶˷İ塣
豾ͷΪ˺ӵԵʡɽԵ쳣ΰ
ԪȻܺãǵҲѪյˡһĻһ¾ð˻
ԪԼٽӴЩеطȻٸǰȥ

ˮ̶һߣ˶̲סԪһ߿˹Ͼеĵط̫ˣõò˶Ǻ治ѡ
Ԫǰסߣñ˸ôࡣ
ʮӣԪÿ֡˿ʱͷϾȻк
С꣬㽫ʣµҩͿĨ˿ڴ
Ԫǰ
ʣµҩȫ𣿡
һΪʣ»һҩء

Ԫ˵ͷϾŮ˲ˣеĵطеطҪʲô̺ۣǾͲˡ
á
˵ͷ˹ȥ
ԪȻתͷȥе͵͵õԪɵǷǡ
ʱͷֱĸоͦ
յĳߴĻŮӦFɡԪҡҡͷԼȥ롣
ͱϵȺˣеѾԼƵĲˡһЩ˿ڵģΪԪѡȥȵġ
ֹʮӣŽҩͿĨá˿ʱڵϣ¶ϰ裬ҧҧ̹ܲ¶ɡ
ϴŵһȹ°Ŵ׿㣬滹һɫĨءֻҲ˲ôˡ
һ屾ҪܶͲˡԥһ£ͽԼһȹĿӽ⿪
Ȼתϡ
ûС
Ԫȴ˰̣ûкãüͷתȥȴÿ贩·ӡ
ϰֻһɫĨأ¶˰壬ľȻ쳣˳ֳµSߡһĻԭԪոѹȥĳаֲð
磬ҡ
贩·æ˫סǰվԪǰһɬ
ʵ벻İ취ˣֻܹԼȹѸ衣һϰͱ¶ˡ
Ȼ˫סˣȴڲסǺΰĹģ
껹ഺѹô˶ܹΪһزʶĲô࣬Ѿѵˡ
ԪԼϵݸꡣ
㴩ҵ·ɡ
Ԫ·˹ȥ
лл硣
¶˸мϲõ顣

ԪصͱϣĿⶼ׷Ԫ˹Ͷ˳ݸмĿ⡣ԪûлӦֻǾš
һ˹ɫԺ˺ܶ࣬ﱧС·ҲҡҡλˡһĻ˶һȻûϵԪҽȻ߳һز
ܶĿⶼϡȻԪ·Բ˳۴ʲô·Ե÷ÿرǴʱԪ·ֱ
лл㰡硣
ִҪԪлԪĬȻһۣ˵ͷ߲ΰɽϡ
ŻǹΰģһˮۣԼǰɹƺӦòκΰ̺۰ɡȻ°̺۾ЩϧˣǴȻġ
һԺ󣬾ԪǰôԵúá
ԪԱߺʱʱԪȥΪԪĿ·һ֮䣬촹ͿԿķ⡣
Ȼ˵겻ܺȴСǼͦȴԵջ
Ԫæͷ
ŮɫҲǶԵĵһֿ飬ĲᶨĻǻ޴ƿġ
ԪʦӰһȻȥˡ
ȴԽԪˣԪ߲ߡԪǸˣб£ҶֺãԪԱߣ;о޴İȫУûĸоʱ˿ֻ̣ҪһӶԪ߲źá
ԪȻڶţĵÿҲûа취ܲܵô˵潫ƿɣϾղԼҲԼ˲ٵ顣
Ԫ̾˿ֻܹš
˿Χɫȥʮ̫˻ûйҲ֪ʲôʱԪ֪һսǾԲܱġ
ڵȴʱ̣ؽڵĵ绰ؽóֻ˵˼䣬¶ϲɫ
ҲҪţ糿ͻֱɻʱ򣬴ҾͶȫˣ
ؽæ
ؽڵĻ϶¶ϲɫоҪˡоǲĵþ˰
ֻǴڵ賿㣬ʮСʱôȹʮСʱⰡ
ԪɫʼأûΪؽڵĻ˿ĸˡ
ʱȥɫԽԽϾһ죬ѵһϢĻᣬҶһ˯ȥˡ
Ҳһ죬ʱԽԽԪˣ۾һݵģͷԪļϣһŮ˵˱ǶԪرɽǼѹţԪһ쳣ͦĸо
ԪҪƿǿһľݻЩġ
ϾһŮӣһ쾭ô飬ܹ֧ŵѾǲˡ
Ԫ̧ͷĿǰһӰһƲǰӰһսܿתȥĿ⡣
ǰѣ˭֪ȴ·ɫԪһۣͲٿڶۣ۾
ͷһŻ
ԭһֱɧ꣬ҪعںáϾûдռʵʵıˡҪ˵õˡ
˶ԼòĶرƯŮˣġ
ԴԪ֮󣬳ͲȥɧˡΪԪǺ¡ϾԪʵ̫ؿˣһƾܹԼʵëȻ
Գֻܶš
ǳţᱨԪԪк⣬ʱ˿ֻԪȥ
رǿԪԣͬС˵ģԭƯ˹ŮˣӦԼİ
ֲǹһֳ嶯ҪԪһǹͷĳ嶯
һ˫۾ҲڴܡԪĿеӢۣҪɱԪ϶ǻ᷸ŭġҸҪǣһ֣ԪʵҪɱԼ׾ٵġ
侲
侲
ﰵԼ侲ҲվԪ˹ȥ
Ԫһ֣֪Ҵ涯ֻ֣ܹȵԪ˯˺Ӻ涯֡
곤ôƯԸУףѵһĴŮԼò׷ˣ·ͱԪȥˡ൱Ȼġ
Ԫסǹһ˿ݵɫ
ھҪˣʱ򾯲ˣһжû¡˶˭Ԫ
Щ˽ⲻˣһȺ̰Ķ
ס˺ѰѵĽǶȡ̧ǹ


98 Ϻڵֶ
ڳǰԪȻ۾ȴû˯šһУƿ֮СԪסһöʯӣһҪǹԥĸɵࡣ
ˣ̰ӵ겻˵Լ֣ˣʮҲûаô
ڳԪʱһҲ۾һУʱŭ˾ǻڵĺСӣ
ģüͷȻ۾˲ΪྐྵȻóǹ׼Ԫĺס
ס֣
СӲ֪ʱǹ׼˳šһľȻסȻعͷÿСؿǱǹܣһս嶼Ų
ٺ٣ڸ磬ġġ
æڨڨЦĿԪϡƺԪͻȻͷѹһóԪĺµ˹ȥˣ
Ϻڶڳǲˬǰ꣬ͱϺڶԳԪ˴ңྐྵȻҪɱԪ
ˣ˱޳ܶĵһ㡣
ϺȻʲôӢȴԵԪڿҪԪ֣ϺڵȻͬˡ
˿Χ˻˯ţˣװûпһšȻǲҹ¡
ǹù
Ϻ俴ųǹʱ˿̣ǹܶסԴҲòԹԽǹ
Ϻùǹ󣬲ԼĿڴʱҲȥԪϾԪһ죬Ҳ۵ģҪءС飬ԼƽOKˡ
ߣˮ̶ȥ
Ϻ˶Դû취ֻˮ̶˹ȥ
ϺڵܱԪáҪԪ֪ԼҪɱǿҪɱԼ͸һֻһ򵥡
಻ֳ󶯾ֻˮ̶˹ȥҹɫ£ǰš
Ԫ̧ͷһ˫ɨһۣܿͱ۾
ԭҪԼ֣ȻϺڴͣûбҪˡǸȻøߴ󣬵ҲֻһѡһòԪԼ֡
ˮ̶ߣæЦ
ڸ磬αأҶԼˡҲһʱͿڸ磬ӳȥһúñ˼ҵģҼǮ
ҪϺֺã˭֪ϺͻȻһ̧ǽż˳Ķϣ۵ĲҽһͨϹȥס˶ӣţŤ
ģĶҲ˭㣬ǣ
Ϻ͵ڵŭڷˣ̧ţͺݺһһ˹ȥ
࣬ԪǾȹˣȻҪɱԪⲻǰʲôϺڻûпˣ
ϣڸڸ磬ϣҪˣ
ϺôݺһߣѪݶ˳æ
Ϻڸûͣһʮţȵû˲ͣ
ģԺҪҿ粻ӾŪ㣡յģ
ڸһ½æ
ǣǣǣڸ磬֪ˣԺҲˡ
ʱ˿̣Ϻæᶼӿ˳ղϺǼſþʮɵͷ߶˼ʹòУﻹ˵һӲĻ
ߡ
Ϻڿ໹ǲġҪ֪ˣġ޳˭֪᲻͵͵ȥ֡
Ȼ˵Ԫʵ϶СӡϺڿ;òˬҲóСȥɧԪ
Ϻһ˫۾ڳϴ·𿴵ʲôȥ
Ϻ½ϵ·һ⣬Ҫóϵ·ţţһЩС˳
ף
Ϻɫһ䣬ЩСһüͷ
ʲô
Ϻ
ϺײеֶθˣһηηģҲش
ǸԸõҩܺõġڸ磬Щȥԡ
ʲô
ϺɫһȻĿɨɨķһʲô
ྐྵȻҪôҩ˼ŮԵǱɵ
Ϻɫѿˡ˵Щ·ס˫ֺ˫ţõදá
ʱ򣬳ģ̶ˮϣȴǶҲáϺڣﶼĵ顣Ϊ֪ϺҪʲô
ʱϺڵһҩĿϡ
Ȼôϲҩˡҩ㶼ȥɡ
Ϻ˵꣬ҩ˺˿ų˿
Ҫ
ɫ䡣ҪȴһӾͱϺڽһɫķĩ˽ȥȻϺںݺ౾ܵĹȥʹҪ³ȴôҲ²ˡ
һʮ֮һķܲˡҪһȥûŮ˰;ÿ¡Ҫİ
û뵽ԭܵĶԼ尾⡣ʹѣҪ³ȴζ²ˡ
ȻϺùһ鲼ţһѾ˭޷أ겻˵ھȻԸԪҪ֪ԪĿеżӢۡҶԸԼĿеżϺڵȻҪึһЩۣھೢʱˣ
ߣ
Ϻؿ˳һۣȻתȥˡ


99 µ
ԪȻû۾顣ȴװסǹҪ֣Ϻڳֹ࣬ȻǳнѵСӿһͦˣȻ֪ΪԼͷԪСӵĺø˲١
Ϻڻ󣬽ǹ˵ϣҲûдԪֻ俴˿ķȻڵ˯ȥˡ
ҹɫѾˣ˶ǶŶӵģֻ˯ܹǵļкͿ־С
ԪԱѾ˯úܳˣ֪⻹⣬ֻֻס˳ĲӣԪȥˡӵɫ£ԿʼնǺͨͨġ
һŮӵĺԪϣĸоĺʵɽţѹԪĸ첲Բ˶ԪԵܡǿĶҲЩҡ
û취ԼϣԪЩΡԪֻὫ§ԼϡԼĻһЩԼҲһЩ
˭֪ԼսԼĻͻȻһֻèһ§סԪĺͷԪǰģͺһеСŮˣԴԼһ޲ýԼ嶼뵽Ԫȥ
һ꣬Ԫûа취ֻεҡҡͷ
ֻһϣԼȥͿˡ
֮󣬾ʹ˱ҲκεĽ
Ԫ۾

ܡ
ǳܡ
ָоԭǼϤģҲǼܵġǲ֪Ϊʲôȴһּ尾ҩһݵĻǷʮķʹֱ࣬
ޱȣó˶Ҫһ㡣ȵĸоԽԽǿң˶Ҫɻҽˡ
־ͺһֻʮֻ˺ҧһ㡣һٶȣһǧȵ͹󡣳ܵöҪˡ
˫۳죬嶼ͮͮģһպĹ̵̼һһϮҪ˻ȴҪйȴûκΰ취Խȥ˾Խܺʹࡣ
ִӹܵļҪȥˡƤѪ죬ðһһĸţһ亹ð˳
һһΣһ˫۾ҲʼסԪϺڵķ򡣴ĺ⡣Ϊ֪һжԪϺںá
ԪϺڣԲʹ࣬ˣ㻯ɻҲҪϵãҲҪǵá
ԪϺڣһŹ㣡
ݺݵ
һݴҩǴҩݣ֣ǾˡҪ˵һӷʮļһûŮ⡣ָо;ÿ¡
಻֪ԼôȥġĳطѾʹھȻоûˡ¾ôһ֣¶Ҫһӵĺ֢ɡҪԶӲǿɾͱˣ֪Щҩĸõģ
ʱһһȥÿһӣڳ˵һôô尾
ĸСʱȥˡⴺҩҩǿʱ̹ȥˡ˿
ѰʱѾȥˡ˿оԼһһһһû˿ֽٺĸоһѣԼǻˡ
һڶˣоԼ¶Ѿľˡֻһ˿⻹ǶԪϺڴ̹ǵĺ⡣
ˣζŹϢţԼ˷ɣָžĸоҲıá
ݣ
ݣ
ڳΪѾȥʱ˭֪ͻȻһݵ˹һֶ﷢
һΪоֶԼĸ
ֲĸоë˶䣬ϸǲݴϡϡȻģӳ棬׿һݴ̽һεԴ
һεԴҴţɫ۾ɢĹ⣬³˳ӣȻһߣ
һͻȻðߣһ亹һһӿ˳
ôҲû뵽ԼȻôùʱ򣬾Ȼ
߰
һµľֶˡɫ۾һֱתţԾǿԼֻо׹ߵĸоôԼôùոնȹһ٣һؽѣ
æԪǱߵķ˹ȥʱ˿̣ǶôϣԪǱ˹ԼǱߵ˰·˯ˣûһ˹Լ
һߣҲģһһų䶯˹һ㣬һ㣬ɳɳǳӣĹ⣬ëȻĸо
ҪҪ
ݺݵصߡߺ񿴵һ㣬䶯ԽԽˡֻвһ׵ľ롣
ʱ򣬲ſһ׶೤첲֣䶯˹ǳӾ˻Ĳ
æ۾ʱȥˡʱ䶯ϣƴţֱʪʪĸоõóڲ
߾Ȼų䶯˹ȥ˳ڿͷƺԳڿͷĳȤˡһʱʹ쳣һ޴ȹ㳦ɢ˵Ϣ
Ҫ
ͻȻ۾ƺʶһҪʲôŵɫɷˡǴʱ˿̣޷赲

һЪ˹ĲҽУӳź˳嶼˲һŹứ۽ӿ˳Ϊʹ࣬ٶŤ߾ȻһҧǸطڲϵţҪĲλʹڵϷɾǷ


100 ı
һϣԪžԵѡΪԪһЩķʮ̫ͻȻɱϾֻԸʮ̫֮֮һ֮ûг֡Ǵ˵еʮ̫ϴҲûпӰ
ǲ֪ΪʲôԪһϣҲûпʮ̫Ӱ֡
һƬһֱһûпκεĶһʱ۾
˿Щң̧ͷ˯ĸоһۣͿԪӣ֪Ϊʲô꿴һĻһַܰĸоһֽҸĶšһ˫ֱֱؿԪˮĸоָоͺС˯һ۾ͿԼİһ
˰
Ԫˣæ̧̧첲ʱԪҲ
ʮ̫ûй𣿡
꿴һΧִ󲿷˶˯֮Уһ˿ɻȻҲû뵽һϾƽعȥˡ
ûСȵˣҾͶȫ˰ɡ
ԪҲ˿һ죬뿪طڿȥˡ
õС׻ͿԴˡ
겻֪ΪΣͻȻһЩ˸ˡѾ˰죬ܿ쾯ͻ֮ǾҪ뿪طȴ뿪
ԸһӶҪͿԪߡһܸղҸܰĸоˡ
ǣ֪Ըʵ֡Ϊ㾯첻ҲҪ뿪ġ뿪֮أԼ֪ԪҪȥģ֪ԪûŮѣѵԼܸ
һЩƸˣܿҪԪֿһԪֿ
磬ܲȥһ£
꿴˿ͱ֮¡ЩǺ졣ԼӦҸԪġҪԼĸԪ
ô
ԪüͷھҪ뿪ʱˣٳκαʡ
ң뷽һ¡
һ˫ɨɨΧɽϵˣһŮҪĺܲáҲ԰Ԫƭɽȥ
ðɡ
Ԫ˵ͷȥժһЩҰһޣԪЩˡ
ԪվæԪһͱԱߡ껹ҪȥԪȴһѽ
𶯣ұȥ
ԪԼȥ֪Ҫ˷Ѷʱ䣬Լء
һ꣬˫޳Ĵȣһ⻬ĸоʹ˹Ԫɬĵ˵ͷ

ס촽Ե˵ġȻԪһԾ׮֮ϣһ£ܿͽƽءȻ
ǰţԪںţʼձżʮ׵ľ롣ȵ뿪ͱһٶ׵ʱԪΪһط㣬ԲԽԽˣҪᡣȴվﲻˣȻعһؿԪ
磬Թ𣿡
һĵ˹

һҹںܶ˵ǽǵҹҲǳϣһҹǶڳ˵һ尾һħһһԶ޷ǵҹ
ˮ̶ߣɪɪţ֮ѾѪؿɽϡ
ΪԼҪˡڱҧһںоԼ¶ĸо嶼Ҫһ㡣
ǲءѾˡղűҧµһں󣬳͸оԼսˡһҪĵطѾǲȱȫˣоһӶû˵ˣϣעܲĿ֣ҲעҪܾ߻ʲôһ˿ء
ĵȴУΪԼҪȴٳûֱڶ죬˷
ιιô
һϴӿ˳࣬æеȻƳ壬Ҫѳࡣ
˰ˣ˳ˣ
ܿм˹˿
˿վٸԵŤһĵ⣬һ˫۾ȴų޺ɱԪϺڣǺңһҪʮٱ
ŭšһжԪϺڴģζҪԭΪԼҪɱˣȴˡȻһҪ
ĶǳױˣһӶһܴ裡

ĺɰӣȴ⵽˳һŭȡȻ˿ȥų֣һֳôⱻҲ΢΢ЩˬôǾ࣬˭֪Ҫǳ⡣Ը뿪ˡ
һ·ĵǰţһ˫۾ҲĴѰšǵԪиҶҶװһЩҩġЩҩưٲӵƶƵúá
û׼Լﻹоȡ
ϣĴѰţȥҵһƬҶֻֻʣҩˡ
ǳಢûзϣһƬҶæһû˵ĵط˹ȥ
һҪԼκáҪβãԺˣôһӾͲҪˡ
һû˵ĵطԼĿӣȻͷȥһ

ǲҲ̶öһĻһЪ˹ĲҽȻӳ﷢ɫٶȻͨһȻɫҰ׵ٴε˵ϡû뵽ԼﱻҧһµģѪģûƵĿˣ
ô£
˷˰ɣ
ǰϷʲô

ŹֵģͷΣһһ˹һĿ˳ϣȻǼ⡣Ϊʵǲ֪ڳϵ׷ʲôõ˷
һˣȴȻرˮ̶ϣһһʱܹȥԼڿĶһ̬Żеľٶɡ
ϺҲۣȻǿ˳һĻ
ޣ
ܡ
Ȼ˵֪ϣʲôֲ顣Ϻ֪һжǳܵġҲû˿ͬ顣ͬľԾǶġ
ϺҲûǣȻֱˮ̶˹ȥһƽ£˷˲١ϴһϺڼһǹ֧˶䱸
Ȼ˵һû飬ǲû顣ԽǽӽϣԽҪ򶨡Ļ׾ͻ⡣
ʮӲһĲ԰׺ͲϺڵķɢŶ߲еĹâ
Ǻ޲ó⣬Ѫ񡣵ǳܿһһм䣬Ȼһط۾ĬȻһ仰Ҳûˡ


101 
ԪɫһΪоڵЩ֡ԪȥǰŴʱһɬ촽꣬ѯʵô
֪ܾԼԪֱӣʱһ٣ֵĲá
ԪֿҲҪԪһˣžԪס
һŮһ˱ףҪġ֪ԼһҪһԪôõ˲ףܴ˾ͲټˣζҪһ¡֪ʲôҪϧʲôҪ
Խߺˣ̧ͷһ˫ӿԪ磬𣿡
˹ԪһɬȻСȴᶯԪһԴڴؿԪССǽź
ûС
ԪܿشԪȷʵûţӰһҲûʲôʽġ
ԪĻһ˿ϲáôҲû뵽ԪôˣȻûšûţǵԼϣ꼤öҪˡ
ǣϲˡ
Ԫƽ
ʲô
Ԫһ仰һϣõԭЩϲʱһӱˮ˸͸ЩǰһƬ
ԭϣҲðį綼û˹⣬Ȼɥ˹ǣƯ𣿡
Լʵ仰Щ׳աƯŮˣܹԪ𡣿ǺܲĺܲˡһӴûʧ
Ư
Ԫ˵ͷ۵Ļǿ͹۵ģӰòŮ֮УƯġԪƯŮ˲١
ٶҲܹӰȡӰһһ覣ʧɫһ
ᵽӰԪ¶ĹȻǱ꿴һʹ֪ΪʲôһԹǶʼ
ʼΪԼϲϲϵıŮˣʼǸŮܹõԪϲԹޣΪԹԼûʶԪҪܹǸŮ֮ǰʶԪĻһеһжòһˡԪҲϲԼҲһ
겻ġô󣬵һοһԼĵˣȴ˱ˣľˡһӶٶԱ˶ˡ
껹һ˿ΣܾԼҪŬȥһ¡ֻв֮һĿܡ
ǣ磬ϲ㣬ܸһ׷Ļ𣿡
겻֪ͻȻ̧ͷһ˫ӿԪ¸Һֿ
ȵһ˫ӿ˹ԪҲһԪܹоֿоĸҰҺޡЩԼŮӰ
Ԫһ٣ôһ˲仹ΪӰˡǺܿҡҡͷ
С꣬ǸŮԺк˰ġֵӵиõģİ顣
Ԫƽصһ¸׷Ѱ氮һҰҺ޵Ůʵ˵̫ĻҲܽꡣ
Ѿϵ𰸣ϸһ˿Цʱȴһֽѵĸо
ڽԼԪ˵˳ԺҲòҴˣָоáֽ˵ĸо
겻ΪԪһܾʧ䣬෴ģ϶ԪͻϲԪһӡ
лл㣬硣֪Һ֮ǲܵˡһὫϲһֱĵףú磬ٱһ𣿡
ؿԪ
һϣԪĻһҸʱ̡Ҹʱ̾Ҫߣǲá
ʱֻϣԪܹٱһξͺáֻҪһӵͿһˡ
ԪҪܾѾ˹ഺԪϣһŮ˵ĵҲ˱Ƕ
ԪֻоɽıִĹ⻬Ҫ˵ʱͻȻ˽ţǺȵĺ촽Ԫӡ
һ˲䣬Ůӵ㣬ȵĺ촽õԪҵĸоһž˫ǰǲĽëһʶĸо
õԪһ˲䣬ĳ档ҲС֣Ҳ峿ʱʦ׷ԼϲϲȻǿнԪ˵˵ϡ
һĻһĻϤĻصǰԪ»صһʱ̣һƬСУԼǻǣӵŮˡ
Ӱ
Ԫﲻɵһ󴥶һӱ˫ഺ§˻Ƕ˵ӣһһš
ҲһԭߺɬԪѾĪû뵽õԪĻӦ
ִ³ϢԼζһ˲䣬õ궼Щ˫סԪĲӣƾԪǲߢԼҲǲɵЩ˫롣ԸԪ׳ԼһС
ԪҲԽԽңԽԽﱧ˵壬оԼҪˡ
ԵķһһƵĺХһƬƬĿҶ׷
СУԪֻоص˴ǰ硣صһɽˮԼϲŮˡ
ģԪֲ˹ȥ塣һһ磬ǸʵɽǰʱԪȴһͣ
Ƭ̺Ԫ۾Ŵʱһæſꡣ
ԣԲ𡣡
ԪЩղ˴һֱ굱ʦӰһֱǰ֪һ
ΪʦͺǲһģһķͣԪԶʦͣԪ˽ⲻġ
һӰģһָܴҲܺãȴʦӰָо
ԪЩǸ⣬Լܺһȴ˸顣ΪƺЩޡ
ûû°
ҲЩɬͷ⻹һκءĸо
Ҳû뵽ԪԼ³ҰָоȴҲԲѡղŶ޲óָоУһӶҪˡҲЩᡣԸԪԼеһУֻҪԪҪ
Ŷ߰ɡ
ԪҲһЩڶ֪ôദˡȻܽ꣬ȴҲЩ˼ڽ굱Ӱһ顣
ȴЩġΪٴԪķӦпԿԪԼ˼İҪȻӦҲҡ
곶˳ǰ·ղűԪǴ³ץ󣬶Щʹĸоˡ


102 ȴ
Ԫ걣ž룬ԼٴνӰҲ֪һʱôˣԼŮ˵ĶԽԽ
Ԫɫأһ⡣Ȼ˵Ů˲ʲô·ϵİʯʱʵ˫һ»ʵ
ֻԪĵԼĶҪ֪͵Ŀһʵһ֤ܲ·дɾͣܶ¾ͿĺͶ̡
ʣԪĵһһ㱻ʴͶҡš
ʱûԪȥֻͨ죬Իһ˿ģ񻹳ڸղŵĲ֮С
ˣ磬̸ܺһŮܼһ𣿡
ͻȻ̧ͷһ˫ӿԪҲܺ棬ʲôŮܹԪĻ깴ߡŮˣһǵòҲһԵʰɡһܹԪԵŮ˳˺档
ԪŲһɫһ£Ȼϡ

ɫһᵽԪ仰˼ϣѵѾ
û뵽ԪŮѾȥ˱磬ѹԪһֱġŮѾˣԪȴɼԪĺ鰡
ͻȻԼĸףһŮˡһֱΪ˶ܿģƯŮ˾ͻᱻߵġû뵽Ԫȴӵġ
ԪһӴ꣬õԪһˣһֵԼ׷ˡӾǰԪõˣ
ԪŮѾˣǸԼ
һӺܿˣȴֳʹ顣ܲܵԪǰֳԼܿŮȥϢɣϾһֺܲµΪ
Բ𰡣磬Ҳġ
ҧźӣ
ûϵ
ԪƽصϿ˿ı仯ܿ˾ͱԡԪ׼ȥȻӵһͱ꺰סˡ
磡
꿴Ԫ
㱳ȥɡҲ
꿴˿ԼϿɵ·һŮӴôɵ·ȷʵôͱڡ
ðɡ
Ԫֻת
Ԫǰ¶Ц⣬Ԫ˹ȥ
һԪȥǰŻԲɽͼѹԪĺϣһĸо˹˲Ԫĸо
ʱԪסûȥ˫һ§ס޳Ĵȣ
ͱϣһݵĿݺݵؿԪ꣬ȭͷսÿ졣һݺݵĿԳࡣ
ԪϺڿޱȵļޣرڿһҵģԭһƯ˵ŮˣӦԼĲŶ԰ȴ˶ȥˡԪҧгݵĺޡɱһ˵ĻɱԪǧΣΣ
ܿͱ۾
ԪʵѾʶˣԼԶԸġҪںԪǾһУ඼ֻԪϺڵܴܵ裬һֳ裬һˣԲܵġ൱Ȼǲ̡ܹҪҪһʵʱȻʱѣţֻҪԼޱȵĺ⣬һҵᣬѩޣ
ԪԼƽһ£ǱⲻĦرǴʱ˻ܵĽӴ
Ԫϣǰɽ強ѹԪֱԲȥĸоõþԪһǿߣҲЩԳܡ
Ӱһͱ棬Ҳ죬Ԫˡ
ֱԪɿ֣ʱ˿̵ܹԪһ£ͲԸŹκһĻᡣ

ԪԭҪȥժһЩҰӵģǱôһ֣ƻˡ˿Χ˶Ѿˡؼȴûй
ԪֱһСʱ͵ˡǰȫˡ
ؽԪ˹Ԫļ򡣶ԪСӣԵͺϲһ˲б£һҲһȸµˡˣܹԼؼĻǾٺòˡֻЩ鶼ܹǿģϾԪҲԸµˡ
á
Ԫ˵ͷתΧ˹ȥΪڰ죬ʣҰķΧҲࡣԪɨɨҲûпκйʮ̫Ӱ
ԪͬʱԪҲһ˿ɻ
յ˵ʮ̫ôľʹۣɽϹΪؽڡ˵İ
ңԼͷҲôʮ̫ͷĿЩʮ̫˵ҲǾӢһ޴ʧô˵ʮ̫Ӧþġʮ̫ȴûг֡Ԫ֪е׷ʲôԪ϶һ鷢ֹʮ̫жҲһЩȴԪڿ֪ġ
Ϻڡ
Ԫһ
ڣ
ʱ򣬺Сæ˹ԪȻΪ˵ͷĿҶԪֻʮֵźΡСӿԪҲһݵ顣
ܷվڣܷ˿и
Ԫ
ǡ硣
Сæ
ЩԪתһŴ˹ȥͲʲôµˣȻʮ̫ûйˡǶһҲһ¡
ȵ֮Լ;ϵȥⱻһһҹʱˡ
Ժ飬ܶͶ㡣ԪﰵʵڲٹЩӵˡ


103 ˪
Ԫһ˼ɽϵȴţǶֳڴһСʱһ컹Ҫ
ڣһ¡¡˹ԶԽԽģǵУֱɻ˹ӰСȻ¶ݣ
ֱˣ
쿴ֱɻǵþˣ

¡¡ʻֱɽϵһȺæ·æɽϱıһĻ֮ÿһ϶д˷ܵ顣
Ҫ֪ȴѾܾˣڿֱɹӪǣǵȻǸϲޱȡֱˣζо˰ɽȴôãôãڿԵþ˰
ֱܿʻ˹ȻзԱ̽ͷɽϲý䣬ӷ
Ϻڣȥ
Ԫָʾ
ܿϺڱ㰲ֱֱܴ󣬽ʮ˵û⡣
ؽڷһֱԪϺڻһֱ
ֱڣȴûпؼӰ
Ԫѯһ£ֱǿݵģ˿Ȼ˵һ䣬ǵ׻յ˺ݡҲһ顣ֻҪ˺ݣͿҵ˪С׻ˡ
ԪֱڣɫƽԱߡȻþˣȴûеĿġ
ɽݣһξ룬ŷһСʱӡֱ˻
Ԫ˳˶һĸоڻϣؽڷһž̸ʲô
һӻͺǱ뺷ؽڷӵһº󣬱Ԫ˹
Ҹһ£ԪԪ˰
ؽڽԪĻ˶ֻһ³Ǿʱؽڣ˶Ԫһм
⻢ҲԪ֡ô˵ϵĸо
á
ӵͳǴһִ͸ԪҲ֡һסؼ֣Ԫ͸оһֲִںصĸо΢΢һóؼǸӣȣһ֡Ԫܿؼжϡ
ǽ˴ȥ¼ףԪֵܣϺڣŶλŮǼͲ¼ˡֱӵҼȥ
ؼЦŵ
ĿϣԪվͦģȻͽ굱ԪŮѡ
ԪҲܾľǺ;򽻵Ҳȥ¼ڲȥˣﵱȻ⡣
һ˱ؼ˻󣬳һ˫Թ۾סǡ

ؼֻһͨͨľ٣˵һҲʮ򡣵û뵽ںݾȻһױ
ֻЩԪҪǵġֻˣȻ󾡿ȥ˪ҪС׻
ؼк˽Ȼص׼һԵġ
Ͼɽһ죬ܶ˶ˣˣ϶ûϢá
ؼҲûѯʾ飬ֻôҳԳԺȺȡ
ԪҲڴڳʵǿ󣬳ԵҲ࣬Ȼһ˽һֻˡ
Ա֮ԪԼҸϢ

˵˪ص˺֮һ³ͽӵһ绰ȻԼиһԼһҪʮǮķá
˪ʱĵһӦ㶺ˣƭǮҲƭġ

˪һ䣬Ȼҵ˵绰
ںĳ԰˾һꡣ࿪ŵʿҹϹΪ˵õʮǮؼȢϱġôԼ绰ȥ˼ҽԼ
⣬ⲻԼɣ
һ춼㲻׷ʲô顣ǧɲܾȥˡ
нԪֽùϸϸһ飬ֻȷȷʵʵ˪ĵ绰롣
ûд
üͷȻóֻٴβͨ˵绰롣ղ绰ʱûбԪšڱԪţӦûɡ
ͨ˵绰û뵽Էֱӹػˡ
Բĵ绰ѹػ
Դð̵ĸоȻķӦԼˣˣ

˪ܲãΪһ֮Լĸ׾ȻԼ˪ܷ꣬绰Ҳӡ
ԼҵĴС㣬Ǹ׵ŮиײԸŮġ˪÷ζҪըˣ
Կİɧŵ绰͹ҵػˡ
ǹһ˪ԽԽ鲻ԾˡһİˣԼ绰һҪʮǮ
ƺֻĳó뵽ĳˣ˪ֻֿͨ˵绰ȥ
Ϊ˪ǵԼǰԪ绰ҲпԪ顣Ȼ˵ʺСС
ι
Ҫתȥʱ˭ֻ֪ˣæͨ˵绰ǵ绰Ů˴ģæ˷ܵãС㣬ԪŶԣԪ͹ġ˵ҪʮǮͿˡ
ŵһ״εģ
绰Ǳߣȴһ
ԪôԪأп𣿡
˪˹û뵽ԪȻԼΪԪᵽ˹ˣǲԼءû뵽Ȼˡ˪ܳĸо
ԪԼԼҪǮģֻҪǵԼ˪ͻúܿġջʲôһԭõҲһӺתˡ
ûСڽҵġ

Ŷ
˪üͷ
ðɣĵַҡϹ
˪
ãǹ԰ֱӵ
Լĵַ˪Ȼҵ˵绰һֱޱȡ


104 ʮ
ڹ԰⽹صȴţʮǮľ޿ڶ˵һʲôСĿ
ۿֺ¾ҪԼϣͺҪдһ㣬飬޷ݡ
һԼʮǮټǰԼǮǾͿԻؼȢϱˡţ˶Ҫˡ
ôĴУҲҪϱˡѾ붴һ̣ţţ涼˷Ӧ
УҲܹ̫˷ܣҪ򶨡һ˼ҲǮô죿һ˼Ҳʮô죿ұӦԵİ취
ǵȥֻһ͵õʮֱϵڱˡ
ڱǻ塣ľԼԽ˷ϲõʱ򣬾ԽҪ򶨡
ҲڻźԪӴĻ棬ʱԪƺЩģһӦһصĶ
ǹصĶΪʲôԼ͹ءӵ绰һŮˣŰɡ
һ̣Լƽ
һһɫİµʻ˹ͣԼԱߡʱ򣬳ƿӳ֮еһ˫ɫĸ߸Ьž߳һԸеŮɡ
ףһ߳󣬾ѹȫơ˿ˮˡ
ΪԼδѾˣǺǰһŮһȣǼֱС׼˴ףȻʧɫ˲޹ˡ
һŮˣúһǣԱǻҪƯһٱ
һ޵ŮϾŲƲĿˡ
УŮһһӣһֻڲŵ绰
ţţҰ㣬и㡣
ʱ򣬶ֻһæùֻ
ңҿˡ
֪ΪʲôһӽͰ˿ڿˮȻ˪˹
Խ߽Խ˪ǸΣ޵ֿˮֱĳ嶯
ʵлûп޵ŮأS͵ΣǾþͺѪҺҪֹͣˣҪˡ
ͻȻֻ֮ҪŮһۣԼǻŶԲҪˡ
ϹԪĶ𣿡
˪һĿ˶ϣŶ
ǣǣǡ
æ˵ͷ
ҽӽġһ
ӵ˹ȥ
ʮ顣Űɡ
˪ʮ˹ȥȻӴˣֵһ˪һۣüͷ΢΢𡣲Ҳû˵ʲôֿ˶
Ϲбʲô˵ûС
˪˶
ûûˡ
ص֪Ϊʲô˪оԼɥʧһеǣֹͣˡֻǿ˪ȻǮҲȥˡҲǷ˷ĶʼԪȻܹȢôƯһš
Ŷ
˪һ˿ʧɫҲȥص˳ų뿪ˡ

˪Ҳ֪ԪС׻͹Լʲô˪ղϸһۣȷʵС׻ԪΪʲôҪ͹Լءѵ
˪ü𡣿ϧͷûԪĵ绰Ԫĵ绰Ļǻһ绰Ԫʡ
ҲãԪȻôҪĶ͵ԼɼԺǻԼġ
˪ųһС棬ͣ˪ƿ˳ȥ
С㡣
ʱһ߽׵Ŀ˪˽壬˪ıڡһ壬Ҳ˪ڣֻٻؼҿȥˡ

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׼˪æӴ򿪣ȻСһС׻ĸȡ˳
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˺ôã׾ȻԼ涼ˡ
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ǵġС㡣
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ڰ칫棬ıǶվŵšһ˪æӭȥס˪ĵ·
վסС㣬үڿᣬκ˽ȥ

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ʱѸٱһڣֿ˪ĵ·˪Ű칫˽ȥ
ڰ칫ڣһ׷ԲԵ˰칫ϣ˪ˣ̧ͷɫ˲ؿ˪


105 
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˪ʵʵ벻ʲôɿһײԼŮ
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˪֪ôҲûʲôˣҧҧǰ߳һף֪˵ʲô㶼šǴСŮһʲôˣӦŮģŮҲûа취Ůھ뿪ݣ뿪ĹԶǷǷǣֻϣһбء
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Ц壬Լĸû뵽ȴԼɼ˺֮䣬ζˣ˽Ǯ˽ҵﶼĶˡ
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һ˪֪˪ȴı䡣ͻȻϢģĸоһǰδеĹ¶
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У˪ͻȻһˡ޲Ļ̤ʵͱΪֻԪߣ̤ʵܰȫܸеܰ
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ΧɲǶ֡ҪǱץˣϺ֪ȴԼĿ϶һµıŰϾ֪Լĳ޵ģҪ䵽ضû׼ԼСǸҲҪϵˣ
׷

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һɫ߱ҹżҴϽʮɽ֮зֵġѾ䶴֮в˼ͷֻҪߵ˷ǰգǾͿӶʳȻʱʵͷɫߡ
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ǧһʱ̣ԪؼͻȻˡ
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ڴͬʱǹͬʱ쳹ܼĻȻԪڵķ˹
ؼҪ»ڵģɱáԪͲһˣЩѻֶԪȡǱɱĲԣ
ֻǹһӵɨȴѾûԪӰ
ԪöʯͻȻȥֱХ



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һڷɽؼɫ˲ɷһԵ˵ϡ


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ؼѾˣҪǬҲǺѣԪʶһɨռ仹Сĳʮƽסôһռ䣬ǿԷòٵĶˡֻһռǲܹûġֻܹ
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Щʯ˵ϣһɢ˳ȥۻŨ
֣ʯɡ
Ԫʯ̲Ųٵ˵ޱȡԪ˵ʲôԪȣҪЩʯ
οԪѾռⴢһڷɽûҪжȫ⡣ȻؼΪԼһС۵ˡ
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ؼЩʯ촽ﵹǺҪЩʯֻЩ̫˼ϾԪɱѾǷԪһˡ
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ֵܣھͺǰȥżҰɡүһҲʶʶӢ
ؼЦԪԽԪԽϲڹż˶ȱԪ˲šֻҪԪȥ˹żңһܵĴġ
ˣʱЩҪҴ飬ɡˣ֣ܷ绰һã
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ֻؼҵȴšһؼһЦ˽
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ӦġȻҲҸһߵ磬һ¡ϾǱ˼סڱ˼׳԰׺Ȳá
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ΪҸƤһҪ񣡡
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ӦԪڰСʱڼ棬˪ǲԪõȡ˪ܲ㴩һ·ͳȥɡ
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˪ȥһӰСʱ͹ȥˣûѡ·һʱ䣬˪öҪ
⡣ٵˡˣˣԪСӲ᲻˰ɡ
˪һЩæˣʱҲ˲ôˣɴһɫȹӴϣȻٻϸ߸ЬһӾ˳ȥ
һɫĳȹʣȴһصӣֱǷǳĲ䡣Ҳûа취˭Ԫء
˳˪˳ӣһ·쭶ȥ
ԭҪʮӲܹ·̣Ȼڰ˷֮ھ͸ϵˡһ·۵糸¥ǰ˪æóӣһױݡȻһصĴӾ˳ȥ
һһȹԸеŮһ֣һӲ˵Ŀⶼ׷סһĿ׷˹𾪺ȣ˪ȴûǣֱž¥˹ȥ


114 㱻˸ˣ
Ԫ֪Ů˴һ׼ʱĶСʱȥˣҲûп˪֡
ԪѡλһλһߺŲ裬һŴ⿴ȥ˪ӳ߳ʱͿˡ
˪һЩʲôˡԪüͷ΢΢û˵תͷͷȲ衣
һ¥һ󾪺һĿ׷ſڿ˹ȥʱԪҲ̧ͷ
ֻһȵĿ֮£һȹ˪վſڡ
һ˫߸Ь޳߱¶һǾ䵽һ㣬Ϣһֺ޵һĻͽ˵Ŀסһ˫Ҳھ¥Ѱʲô
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˪ĿһһɨȴûǣֻԪϣ¶ϲ飬æ˹
˪ԭ·ģʱȴ̬ӯԪ
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ԪԲ𰡣ҳٵһ¡
˪Ԫǰʹ˹ȻԪǰ
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ˡС׻ҲһġðɣȻҪȲ裬ͺڰɡ˳˵˵飬ܰһ¡
ԪҲ˿ڲ衣
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İ
˪һڲˮˡ֪ԪıµģҲʲôԪæԪڣȻˡûϵĵĻԼױƭԪҪǰԼһæĻǿԺԪһ
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˪Ҳ֪ԼģԪ㿪ųԼ˹ȥԪһ͸о̤ʵȫ񱳿һɽûз紵ûһ㣬ǡ

˪æһɫ˹ȥǾǸ˪ӡ
˪ˣǵȻҪȥ
ֻǸһߵǰҪţöʯͻȻХһöʯӴһӵֱӹᴩ˹ȥöӷһĲҽУסϹȥ
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һƨϰһʯӣһͬһ
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Χ۵˲٣ⷴıһһɫ֡Ȼǲ֪ôͻȻǿ޹ˡ
һ˿ƨϣӿѪͺˮһӿһĻɫһ䣬æͨ120
һ˪Ѿų뿪ǵߡõӲܸ׷õˡ


115 Ϊ
ص˪СڣԪææ˪С׻óһ޴ɫ˳һС׻
ԪչȥţоС׻Ũ˿һС׻ţԪһеŬûа׷ѣҪæôãС׻ȴˣôŬȫϹˡЩʱ䣬ÿС׻úôǡȲȰ˪顣
Ͼ˪Ҫ˪ȥ˪İΣ˵ΣڵϦôҲһԪȻҪ˪
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ԪҪͷ˪˵˭֪˪ԼǰȻ·
ǰɫȹһһĸξͳԪǰ߱¶չֳ˼µSΣԪæתͷ
˪ôҲô˰ֻ޲ŻԼǰ·ôڵŮ˶ô
˪ʵ̫ˣһ׽ȹӾͲһصҾͿ·һԭǣԼԪ֮չ̫ˡ
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˪ҲЩжϾѰˣҪǱôһѾˡԪȴûУΪһӰϲŮˡ
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˪һɫ۴һߴһߵǼɸء
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ǳŮңҪٷ֮ʮĹȨҡǸŮ˺һͲӦžΪɱҰɡϾҼֻΪҰְֵǮ
һص֮󣬾ҪҸ˵ǸȴԸҡǿܵ칫ңŷ֡һȻȸ״˵ɱĿƻݵͦãŪ֣˵أǸŭ
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˪һ˿įɫһֻǱԻ˶ѡһߵһĸ塣Ҳָҡ׵ȻˡĵľǣǱҺ󣬿ܻԸ֡Ϊ֪һĸֻǮסҪǸǾͲø׻ŵġ
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飬Ȼһ㣬ͳ˿룬һһƷˡ㸸֮Բ㣬ֻΪĸҲָ㡣Ǿҳ֤֤Ǽ֤ݾͿˡأ
Ԫѯʵ
Ϊû뵽·ҾȥˡȴˣûӰһĪչ֪ô졣
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һиԪʱ䲻࣬ԪҪֶ룬ץסÿһÿһӡ
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˪ҲվЩ˪ҪЩĥ÷ˣķңûаͷǱԪôһ˵ͻȻ˾˵
Ԫе鶼Խһ㡣
˪æʰ˼·ԪҲǽС׻װһͷ
һˮׯ԰ֵڣԭ˪Ҳסġ
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˪Ԫ¥忪һɫµǶˡС׻С˳Ԫ˳˪Ҳ˽
˪ĺɫµϸոʱ򣬴ӽֵһи̽ԴĿšһԽｲʲô
Ȼһʻ˳ȥ˪ĺɫµ׷˹ȥ
һڶ˪շҹ֪ǲ˶˸˪һ˪κεķ紵ݶһϱ֪
ǰٵˣһ֪󣬲Ȼŭ֪˪һ֣һԼס˪򲻵ѵĵزԲȡBƻһξɱ˪
ҲƲĺϷֻ̳˪ֻҪ˪ˣͿԵõеĲƲǿǼʮڰ˭Ķɱ˷ֻС˼ѣ˲ŲΪʳ


116 Ϊ
ˮׯ԰ֺޱȣռؽʮĶǺıׯ԰ŷʽĽӲɣҲʽ԰ֵĹɫ㣬ת˵ǻ۶Ļһ鶼ҪϺðʱ䡣ݶ޼ġ
˪ĳͣ˱ˮׯ԰ſڣŴ򿪣˪˳ԪҲһ˳
һֺıˮׯ԰˪̾˿ƺѾþûˡһУͬԭһûбӡֻׯ԰Ѿˣ˷ǵĸо
˪ƺ˺ܶ飬΢΢дһ£ȥ
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ԪһҲǰȥһֱžһͻԥֻ֡Ǻͻˣû֮ء
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˸¥Ҳȥڸ¥ΧѲʵԪ˪Ķ


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һҧʱæʱ󴦵ĵʹҲԽԽʹᶼˡ
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һˣԼԲŹԭһֻҪԸ˪ȻһʶôԼôԼһʰˣҲһµ
һҲѰԪϣ֪Լڽļɱ֣Ԫ
Ԫ˹һʱ˿̣Ԫֻк⡣ҪŪ˪ҲͬҪŪԪ˵


117 
˪Ԫһ䷿䣬˪ȴԪķ
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ԪƽصԽ콫˪ԽãûжʱԵˡһѵȥ
á
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һֻ˽ȥⱣŲһ̤˪ķ䣬ͻȻһɫĹ⻪˹һӴⱣԺ
Ᵽһ鶼סˡȻƬ̣һӻľľŷ˹ȥڷ룬Ԫ
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Ԫƽش˹ʱⱣæ˵ͷԪǰľȫԪһһ㡣
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˪Ա߿ţס˺û˵Ϊ´ԪԪһصԻź档һԪҪԻԻԼ׳С׻İɣֻǱ˴ţԻͽˡû뵽һΣԼˣ
˵ɡһʲô¡
ԪżɽҲûж˵һ仰
ңûʲô¡䣬ġǰһʮŮ͵ٵķһǰٴһؤС
ԪԻһãⱣ㽫е鶼ȫ˵˳Ԫʹ˸ɫ˪ó˱ʺֽ¼
һ߼¼ţҲǾĲѡһǱԪԻŵˣȻܹͨʲô˵ԻҲ̫һЩҪͨԪǰﻹܹʲôܿ԰ҲǱһŵˡ°ӣ޶һԶ棡ˣǲ֪ôڵġҵĴ棡
Ƕӳ´ָȥġ´ʲôҾʲô´ٵĸ
ʱⱣæ
֪𣿡
ԪѯǰЩ£ȻӯǶ˪ûжáԪҪǽҴһʼ˪ѹ
֪ǳ´ѺġӦֻг´֪
黹ǻл㱣ľûʶԼе鶼Ԫ
Ԫ˿˪˪Ҳ˿Ԫ˶ûҪˡȻԪͻȻۣһĿⱣ

һȴԪ﷢һǱһͨһ£ϹȥȻλƵվ
ңģô°
ⱣΧһ㱣ֱ֪ʲô顣ֻоԼԺ˯һһ۾ͿСԪվԼǰһƬհ׵
ūţ鶼첻áȥ´й
˪ǳһ䡣
Ᵽ֪˪ҪԼʲôˣڱ˪ôһһͶ¡æ˿ڿˮȻǣǣȥй
Ᵽתæͳȥˡ
´һĸһʲô鶼ɳ´洦ġҪܹ´һеǶ֪
˪
ʵԽԽԪˣԭһֵܼ⣬˪֪á˪ôҲˣǵԪȴͬϷһ㣬׾پͽˡⲻò˪𾪡žߵʵɡԼһԪãʲôܹԼɵôáԼʲô˼һŮˣҪܹҵһϹǾĺˣ
´˪ĸͺԪԼһֻҪ´ˣһǶһĿȻץסһİѱ
Ԫ۾šھͿ´ԸԸˣֻҪ´ˣ³´һȻһѡԻôرΪ־˲٣ҪԸһͨˣǺ׵顣
Ԫ֮ûһʼһѣҲһǡű˷ѣɹûϵҪֱһѣһɹݾ߾ͲˡѡȴС֡
һȥⱣ֪ʲô顣Ҳʲôݾˡ
Ԫȷһĸ᲻˪ȴаٷ֮ٵĿ϶
Ϊ´ԼѾһˡԼҪ´ſˮ۰Ͱ͹ˡԪԼƵףʹֶΣԪҲԼ
˪Աߣһе顣ѾҪһ㡣
ȴ˴ԼСʱʱ䣬һŵĽŲ˹ȴǳ´˹
С㣬Ұ
ڷ⣬һ˹
Ԫ˪۾һʱ˪ǰҽ㣬ɡ
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ƿˣʱһְֵһɫԵ˽һ˫۹ڷһɨ˵ʱɫϽ䱸ԭΪֻǴС˪һأ˭֪ȴ
С㣬ʲô𣿡
´վԶĵط
ûʲô¾Ͳ㰡
˪ͻȻһĻһ磬˲ת´ȫõó´һ飬õòˡ߹ƯĴС㣬ûԼ˵ءһӾõó´һ÷
԰֮ء
´ƺӴ˲٣Ȼһ˫ɫԵ˪ϡ˪˵ӡ
´ȻһݺңΪҲ֪𣿡
ڳ´ɫһʱ˪ͻȻһӣڵһվͻȻɫõó´һ´Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣʱ˿̣ȻŵúȴĵЦ
һΪСʲôأԭǴС㣬´ˡ
´һ䣬תҪߡһתȴһӰԼǰסȥ·һ˫۾סԼȻǸղ˪Աߵˣ
´ɵһΪԪ·кڰĶԼ񣬺һڶתţγһУҪԼȥ
Ҫ
´һţоҪȴԪס񣬸ѲáȻģʼˣҪƶһ½Ųǲܡ


118 ¼
´ǸƻԪôһԻȥҪѡٽƻҲһͨˡߵԻû˿ķ֮رڵԪѾ֮ǰ֪ǿ˶١
Ƭ̣ͺǰһһԪεƷסˡ˫۳մǷϣһһ㡣
ȻԪϣƣʼ´ˡԻǿޱȣһԻӳסˣ´Ԫֻܹ֮֮ˡֻҪԪʲô´ֻ˵ʲô
һɡԼСʱʱ䣬Ԫ˪˿
û뵽ڳ´ϲôһܣһĸ֮ˡ
Ԫô죿
˪Ԫʲô¶ԪˡԪ۶Ҫðˡû뵽ԭôӼֵ飬ȴԪɾ͸ˡԪĺܳĽ
ȽҪ顣
Ԫӣ´Ȼӵ˴¡Ѿӳ´ʳҪõĶڵʱò´ˡ
ʦȥ´ķｫһ¼ùҸһѴ绰ǰæļ˾ȳ
Ԫ
á
˪˵ͷȻת˷šʱԪóֻ
Ѿˣ˪ĸǸνҲǱ˪ֻΪļ˶һ岻òƭˡ
Ѿӳ´ʳ˵ڣʱؼȥ˶ȳˡһ˪֤ݣȻˡ
һô໵¡ÿһɱֳȥó´ֵġ´Ҳһƻˡ
´֪һôҪ˪ȻռʮڵļҲʮڿɲһСĿ´Ȼġÿһκһ˵¼
ʱ¼ͿвһˡҲԷָһڵĲƲ
û뵽һеǱԪ˪¼Ȼ֤һӰۣҲԲ˻ˡ
һˮɣԭһܾĲ߻ָܼӵ飬ԪɽˡԪȥưĻôǼֱ׵úˡһˣܱȵһеоˡߣͨˣʵ̫ˡ
ι֣Ԫ
ؼԪһƬԪȻûнƬȴǵú롣йĿı£ûҪֻ롣ֻҲ˪ġ
ؼ˵һؼ˵ͷܿǲ˾ϾԪؼһæԪؼҪ£ˣԪʲô飬ؼȻҪʮϣʵϣؼҲԪءĺûᣬȻˡԪ绰һϾͿʼȡжˡ
ԼһСʱ֮˪Ԫǰһϲãͷһ¼Щǳ´¼ġһ¼˪ղˣȷʵǳ´¼ģҲóΪ֤
áڿȥ㸸ˡ
Ԫ˴ףǳ´˳һֻĸһɡȻ˪˷䡣
һ·¥£˪ĳӣԪ´˳棬Ȼ˳ͷ
ӻʻ˳ȥ˪˾ҹ˾Ĵø˹ȥǰŽ˱ˮׯ԰һ˾ͳȥˣ۵糸ЧҪжߡ


һķ䣬һҽڸһΪԪղһʵ̫ԵһĴȥһͷ˼ҧסһ鲼ѾǴܡʱҲɢŨҵĺ⣡ִ̹ǵʹ˵ӡԶǣ
ǶԪ˪ĺ⣡
Ԫ˪ԹŮţõеǮƣһҪ
һҧʱһ˻˽
٣٣ˣˡ
ʱ˻ŵ
ʲô£
һɫһһĿ˹
£´Сץˣү˾ķ򡣡
˻ŵ
ʲô
һһڵһվšƬ̺ȭͷսÿ졣
´һġץȥҲ˵ʲôֻ˪̫ˣʱ򣬻Ȼ棬Ҿͽ档վһߣ˪һΪᱻΪȡ֡ߣҪȥҴá
һҲ˳ȥ˪ȥȻҲҪϡʱ򣬶˪һس˪棬˪棬˭˭

ҴáԪų´˪ֱ˽ȥİ칫˹ȥ
İ칫⣬վǶţĸߴͣÿһһ׾šһԪ˪˹ϳ衣
վס
߳Ԫ˪ָһͱԪץסˡԪӺС׻˱ˮׯ԰ڶԸɡ
ԪͬǯӣǯסȻԪһ

ֻоһɴϮȻ˵һ£ͱԪ˳ȥ岻ܿƵķ˳ȥҡҡ׹һӵ˵ϣͨһ£ݶѪܣ
˪Ԫһۣƿ˽ȥ
ף
˪ǰĶҲվһ
˪ʲô
ӡһ˪Ѿһû뵽ֹˡôԼǰһŮȴˣ
ף֤֤ҵס
˪˵꣬˿ԪԪֱӽ´˵ϡ

ԭԵĳ´Ԫôһӣ˵ϣһҵĽ˹̧ͷ˿Χİ칫ʱŵûһ亹ðˡ
ү󣬴СС㣬ô£ңô
´˿Χһɻ
ףһжһġɱңҡ´ĸ´㽫һһУ˵
˪һŲ˳´ϡ

´ҽһʱ˿̣ȴүСҪɱҰүûʲôûҺүʲôû
´˹Ȼʲôˡڿֲ´ˡ˪óһ¼¼ͷȿʼһɻͷŭʲô״һ¼ͷɫһ´ɫ˲ҰΪʱ˿̣¼ͷŵĻȻһȥӶɱɱ˪¼¼
Լ¼Ķô˪´󿴿ҿ֪ʲô顣


119 
ׯ԰ŵһ˹ȥһҲ˻أҪܵĵط
ңֻ˿Խȥһǻһδƶˡ
ס˺ޱȣ֪Χۣһһܱ۲쵽Ȼжׯ԰еĵ·ǻ֪ԼֻҪСģǱֵġ
ʹޣԪ˵ҧгݵسޡԭҪץסԪݺݱƳԪԴû뵽ǣ͵ɷʴס񲻵ûŪԪԼһϺõķɽҲʧˡ
һڷɽǻүӸԼİޱȡҪǶʧˣүӿ϶ԼʧʱԼûδƶ˵ݶб仯
ûκεʧܣһεʧܣܴԪ˳裬һҪԪֻ
ֻѾԪҪɱԪûôˡԻص˻ң˱˼
ܹ֮Ϊ֮һΪŲƾǿߣллҲԴͷԭ
ɽֻ֮һһȻ󣬵ҲֻƷķ֪ڻڣƷ
һɽֻƷƷ
ƷޱȣǻΪԴһӡԭǻҸ߲Ҫȵͻ¾֮ٸġǴʱ˿̣Ѿ˲ôˡ
޲Ԫ̻ˣھҪӡ͵ȥȻȥɱԪ
ӡƷ£һõӡͿ¾ǿߣʱҪɱԪ׾ٵ顣һӡѹĪ˵ССԪʮһٸҲܹɱˣʱɱԪ񽣣ֲеʧ
ѾԪѹԼӡµһĻҡβţҪжģٰԼݣģҡβһͷԼǰ
ָҵķϣһָֻл˲ܹ򿪡
񣡡
ڻҪҵʱһͳ˹
˭
һعͷȴһϵվԼɫأվ˾ͺһ˿ʵǻĶ壬Ѿ¾ǿˣһ־һֺصѹ˲
塣㰡
ˣԼʱ򣬻˿ңүү֮󣬾ԼԼˡԿԼǶ廪󣬻ûô¡ǱˣᵣΪ˽ҶܵҵĳͷǶǲ¡
ʲô
˿ҡ
ԭһֱож͹˿û뵽ȴǻ֮УȻԽȥҲõ߲׿ϲСóȻȥҲǴҹصġҪǱүӷ֣ٲһѵͳͷ
ңֻ㿴
Цŵ
صأɲҿ͵ӡɡ
ͻȻ¾ǿߣĵ֮ǿʲôô
ҡٺ١ʲô㡣
˱֣Цŵڵǲ»ץԼˣҪץԼĻ֪ͨ˻үӡ
㰡ǻδĽӰˡ˵ʵҪġЩվֻɳ֪𣿡
ĳǻδϣȻҪصࡣֻǻ»;ΪҪģԼΪ
֪֪ԼΪҪֻǣҪӡȥһЩ顣Ҿͻˡ壬ͨһ
ֺŵ
ӡǻ󷨱֮һȥףأ
һĿڻһɨͬ׵һ㣬һӾͷֻѾû񽣡
һ׷ʲô顣
ߣʲô˸һҵĶĸ岻ۣȥ
ɫЩһձһǿʢܶھȻ˸һҵ鷳ǳıӵˣҪ֪ǻδƶˣ˻ǾǴҵ棬ǵΪˣ
塣ֻһɢޡŴǰڵʵ
˵ʱɫЩ԰ѿһҵĽӰˣӵдǺڵʵһһڷɽȻһǰڵɢ޸ˡ˵񶼾ò˼
ʲôֻһǰڵɢޣ
ɫһ䣬ɻǱǿߣÿšֻһǰڵɢޣôܣ
ܴ裡
ͻȻսȭͷ˫Ŀ֮УâûҵĴˣȻһǰڵСӸѹˡ⴫ȥҵ涼Ҳס
˫Ŀж·Ҫ
һʱˡڲҪһӡ档
˱֡鶼Ѿ˵ˣΣڶҪӡߡȻĻһľһӶ޷ڻ̧ͷҪ˵ʲôδִˡ
һжԪģ澡ʧһҪԪˡһҪԪСӸӦеĲʹĴۣ
ðɡ㽫ӡ߰ɡ֮󣬱뽫촸
˿
Ͼǹغҳ飬Ҳ⻪ʱ顣ҪǻܹһӣһӶһӰһһӰĻҲ̧ͷŰٺһ
ûһǰĵģôгɾ͡ԻֻܹλȥһسӡɱǸӰˡ
л壡
¶˸мϲ顣
һСĽүүڻڱչ֮У֪֮ǰ뽫ӡҶԲ˶ߡ

ǵġ壬֪
⡣ҵ˽ȥԼòӡ
ڶĬˣڻ˵Ȼٺòһ顣ֻҪõӡʱӡƷҪԸԪǸ˵ֱ׾ٵ顣ҪŰɱԪһ̲һ򵥣
ϾӡƷ֮ǿѾһĿµز
ӡԭǻҸ׼ġȵ¾磬ԵѪ
ֻڻһسӣʱȵѪҲûйϵ
õӡƷļӳ֣ô൱¾ǿߡʱŰɱԪһССĴǿߣǻֵ飡


120 ¶
һȻææҴøϹȴûлңǽְãһģ
ҲﲻţôݵԼͬԼ
ʵǸѾԼƵתˣھ˪ȥҲûá˪ѵΪץԼĸȥһܹó´е˵
һЦš˪̡´Լһϵģܵ˪ıȣ˵һЩ飬ǵǰһĿڡʱ򣬿е˪ѿ
˵õһ´ԼôʱԼڱһԼտݼ˵´ǱƹĲˡ
˪һһԶ˵˼
˹˾һɫһӱý˵֣ææ˹ȥԼһܺһ
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һ˰칫ңæææŵɫ԰׵ĳ´һ·ᶼҪˡ
㣬ΪҵˣҪʲô飬𣿡
һɵ˪ʵ
˪ֻվţû˵ʱͻȻתĿСǰһŪԼڷתˣֵԼһͬСһˡ
˪û˵Ҫһıݼ
ףһֱһġʲôҲ׽ΪʲôҪԸǴֻҵĸѵҵĸҪ˵𣿡
ס㿴˪´ȳʲôˡɱһҪҵĸ֡ףҪΪ
һ˵ţ˵ţᶼˡ
ͬ˪һؿˣһϷʱ˿̲ԼǰжôɣȻһСһƭôáȻһƭԩԼıŮ޴Ͳˡ
٣ûˣҶˣҶ˰
´̧֣ץץһĿӣɫ԰׵
ˣʲô㿴ɫ԰ףһ˶˶ԲԡףаһգףŰɣװĸףһֱһӢ˰
һʱˣŷЩԾΪһֱؿԼһﲻģһҲоһ˿ºͲ
ߣ
̲סˣžһ£һƳϡһƳӶȻһ˫Ŀһ˹
ز㻹װ⣡ʲô
¼
ϵӥ֯ĳԱǮ⡣˵һǧû⡣ֻҪŪǸŮˣ
ʲôʧˡһȺСʧԺǼŮ˿϶״
ҪһҲСԣǾƣǸ˵ѾεԺģʱһ˵϶ͻԹˡ

¼һһһ˹м仹ų´һйһһ¼ڡ
һɫһӲҰţȻĿݺ˳´ϡ
û뵽´˵ȻԼһ֡Ȼÿʱÿ̶¼ֻǳ´һ֮ʣƾžտݼȫԸԼѳû뵽ȴһи¼֤֤ڵ鰡
´ԼôΣȻԼôһ֣˵
ôȥ
һɫ˲䣬̧˽ţݺݵų´˹ȥ


һһһźݺ˳´ϣ´ҲֻܹԴ
Բ٣Բ𡭡
´Ҫ޳ˡԼ¼ô¼ԭҪʱһġһɣԼҪˮˡԴ¼ó󣬳´֪Լһ군ˣ
ݺ˳´һٺһɫˣû뵽ԼȻô죡
ԭһΪһжѾעˣ˪ϳңҲǰ϶飬ȴû뵽һת
һһĿ俴ԪԹȻһУһԪģ


һսȭͷӶ
үλؼ
ʱһ˽
˵ͷܿؼʹһȺ˽ĿԪϣ˵ͷȻһ
һӰܡʽ㣡
ؼĿһϡ
һƷؼһһ£æ˹ȥ
ףңҲ״ΰףȾҰס
һͨǰʹ
ܿ죬ļҲ˰칫ҡ˴˶û˵ȴѾˡ
忴˪ﶼǸ⡣
Բ𣬴С㡣
ͷ
ûϵҲǱȵġ
˪΢΢һЦѾˣܶ鵹ǲ÷ˡֻһЩ˴ŵСѡ
ɫһֱŵġһб仯̫죬ЩԷӦĹ
һӾޱȣôһҼţû뵽Ȼ﷭ʱ˿̣һһͻġ˪ﶼǸھΡ
һ㣬ʵ̫ңҡ
Ҫ˵ͻȻ䣬һƬհףͨȻԵ˹ȥ
ף
˪ɫһæȥ
죬ҽ
˪æ
ʵҲѹԹȥϾһ֮зô飬Ҳδÿһ˶ܹܵסһ뵽ԼΪһɵԩԼŮô࣬ھε޷ܵס˪æ˹չ
һҪûܣϧȥ··Ԫؼסˡ
ԹŰɡСӡ
ؼһһҧվһĿ⿴Ԫȴżޡ飬޲ҪԪƤԪѪһ㡣
ȻһסһԹԴ˳ȥԪʼ磬УһҲࡣ
һֻɫʵ㲻ĵ˶ֻ֡Ҫһָͷܹɽһɵˡ
Ԫ˹ȥϾҲһЩҽģԹȥˣԼÿ԰˪


121 ҧ촽
˴ϣ˪һڵҩ˹ȥһҩðɹɵģɢŨ
ιһҩ۾ӳ˪
˪ҶԲ㰡
ץס˪֡û뵽һжԼԩ˪ģ˪Щܵίͺڲѡ촽ڲšԼСıŮ
һ˵ĶӣҪɱԼŮԼȻšҪ¶ˣԼŮԼ֪
뵽ᶼˡԲ˪ĵطʵ̫̫ˣ
ף˵ֻǱƭ˶ѡҺ÷ֵ磬ҽߡͶ˰֪࣬
˪졣
ղԪҽһ壬ȻһԶҩûԻˡҺԪаɹĻ֪ôһ˪ȻҼвƲɡǺݶ
ʲô
˪ĻһͻȻʲôɫį
Դ˪ĸ֮һֱһˡ֪ôģһŮ˴硣ȻһʰǸŮˡ
Ů˵ĶӣҲԼĶ󣬿û뵽̰ͼĲԼǮơҪԼ
˺ÿϸԼݵĲ裬ǲ˾;⣬Ǻ˵ʹǷͳˡǸоԼÿ¡

̾˿ҲǾ˴뱲ӣû뵽ȴһŮ˵
һҲԼģ£ξȥɡĻˡ
˪ǰǸ׶Բ㡣Ժ󰡣ͻҵҵҲˣܶ鴦ˡ
ץס˪֡еֻԼŮˡ
˪ҧҧһ⣬ǿģֻõ˵ͷ
ԭż϶һԸŮǱǰˡѹ˪ϵһʯͷҲµˡ
˪¶ݸЦ⡣

һöɹ
վҽԺĲſڣԪһʹЩ֪˶ٰɹֻʣһöˡ
һöɹҪΪӣҲ˵ûöɹˡ
黹ʣһЩҺ壬ȵС׻ȻٷųȥɡԪһʹ顣
ԪһҪһ˪˳Ԫһᣬ϶Ǹм顣
һҪԪĲ֪ô졣
㸸ôˣ
öˣлл㣬Ԫ˪ź촽
ö˾ͺã׼ȥˡ￴㸸װɡ
Ԫ˿˪ߵˣҪȥæԼˡ
ھҪȥȵȵȡ
˪ͻȻסԪ֡
ô
Ԫһعͷʱһȵĺ촽ͻȻ˹ӡԪϣȻ˪˶Ƿ˵ӽԪƵǽǡ
ԪûзӦ˪ͱסԪĲӣӣеԪ
ιԪû뵽˪ôһסˡֻо˪ǻȵһŮ˵Ҳӭ
ҽԺ˿һĻ׷߿һЩеģǸɴ۾Ԫ¶Ľʼɺ޵顣
Ů
޸ǳ
رǿ˪ҪģҪòòģһһҪˮˡ
ƷƯŮˣ˵һ仰һۣѪҺڡȴ룬Ǹ˶ܡ
࣡
࣡
˶ǰ˿ڿˮΪǺ񿴵˪˵СԪ
ԪʱҲЩӿ졣˶·Щѳֲסˡ
Ȼ˵ԪǿŮǵǰĿ˪һƷ飬Ǻ촽ϢɽԼţԪԵס
ԪоܲãΪܻᷢ顣ҪѳȥʱͻȻ˪һںݺҧԪ촽ϣ

˪ôͻȻһҧԪ̲סҽһ촽ҧˣһʹ˹
ԪʹɫЩŤ
Ԫʹģ˪ȴǿ֨֨Ц
ҧһڣһӼǵҡȥҰɡҾͻˣ
˪ظ߽˲
һᵽ˪æ˷ţǽڣȴѣߺ졣
Ȼ˵鱼ţǵҲһŮӡһôһǵô˵棬Щࡣ
˪ʱȴǳ˷һԪǸмϲôԼѾ벻Ԫˡ
ԲԪûбŮˣҪԪɲԪˡ

ʹʹ
ԪԼ촽ﶼҧˣѪֹ˪Ůˣû뵽ôݡ
֣ԹˡĻһûء
ԪʹʱһҽԪԱߣļ
ղ˪ǵʱҽԱߡʱһǧһԪ
ϧĺԶ䲻ͷϡĺܹ䵽ͷϣ˵촽ҧƣǱҧҲĸԸ
ϾղǸŮ˵ɫǿǡӰǶûôÿ
Ŷ
Ԫʼ磬ɫȴƽ
ԺܻŮ˵
Ԫƺһ۾ͿҽǸıʡҲ˵˳ȥ
˪˽ˣҲҪȥúԼˡǣѪаԪ˵֮صĴ顣


122 
˪ˣԪصңõԼС׻ԪҪС׻Ȼдǡ
Ҳĵط
ΪС׻һʱ磬Χ׶ŵԪ뾪̫˹ر⺼ݣһҹżҡһطױ˲ġ
˹ż⣬˭֪ûбߡԪԼĶ˷
ͬڽһ㣬ϲһɽ֮ндǡ
ɽ
ɽںݽԪ˵һܲĵط뺼ֽƫƧԪϤĵطȥٺʲˡԪ˸ʿ͸ɽ
ʿͣɽɽԪӳȥˡɽѰ
һɽɵԪɽҲһЩ˽⣬ԵϤһЩΡԪɽţѰʺС׻ɽ
ɽϡ٣ſ˲ӣһһɽϴšˢˢ£ܿѰҵһɽеɽ
Ԫ˽ȥһ£⡣һɽʮƽ׵ĴСӲݣʺԪС׻
ԪܿͽӴ򿪣ȡС׻ĸ˵ϡ
С׻ǿԪǲˡȻó飬Ԫת˼£ʣµҺȫȥ
æһкԪָһͷ˳ȥ
ҺѾùˣҲֵȥúѰһҺˡ
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Ԫϸϸһ£˻ȥ۾

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ȻСƿһŮ˳۾һʿֻޱȡ
½㣬ĻǵվɽУſ˶ࡣ鶼ô
ഺŮӶ˹ų㷢һ˫鶯ţסȻ꣡
ԪǶˣҲôؼҪںҹиԼ˸档
СĳŴ򿪣ʱ߳һʮҵķŮˡɫȹӣ¶˰磬ȹǵԼԼ͸¶ߡ
ǰ͹̣S͵ߣһֳ߳˵Ϣ
찡ʶݵѣҲйʶʶ
һ欵Ůӵ˸ɽͦҪϵȹӳƿֱ͸˵ĸо
ðҪҼְء⼸ѧУû£ںҲá
ԪںݣԼںݶһĻܹԪҲһؼĿԪҪͺݹżʲôһԼһݹĻʱҲԪԼԱߣʲôøɵһҲлԪ
ˣСꡣ̸ûҪҪҸһ
ʱǳŮ˵Ŵ˹һ˫ӿ˹͸¶ġ£һ־ࡣʮͷ
̸һˡ
ƺ̸̫顣ڶǳˡԼϹۣˡ
ûɶȵĸ󡵽С㳤Ưе׷Ҹһٸʶ
µ
ðҽܰ
Цŵ
ҲǺ㿪ЦءʶһܸͦõġҾͦġ
µ
Ŷ˵İ˰ɡϲˡ
²ǿЦҲϲˣôܱ˵Ľء
˭ʶ˧˧߲ߣǮ𣿡
һѵ˹
㲻ʶġҲ̫ߡҲ̫˧ӦûкǮɡ
Ѱ˼һ±
߲˧ûǮ㿴ɶС꣬ҿɸ㣬˿ɶǿסġҪҾǮָ˧ġһͲС
жϡ
ϲûǮ˧˧ûйϵֻҪϲͺá½㣬㲻ġ
ҧҧͻȻ˵ˡʱԪھɽϵһС
һеһУλ֮зһһӰˣһжˡ
ˣ˵ˡŮ˰Ϊ㵽ͣͻ֪ˡ˶ףֻ˵Ǯ׵ġ
˸ű˹ȥ

ҡ
һڰȷҪóôǮ𣿡
үӿһʹģ
үүҲˡǶôʲôǮȨġֻ
սȭͷһ˿
ʶʵҪˡûʵ˵ָͿɱԼʱٶǮʲôءǮûܣһжǰ״
οԪһֱġԪͷôһܾ˵ġһӣζҪһ
ҪʱкԪаĿܣ
ðɡ
үӵ˵ͷһֻǰڵͶ룬δܸࡣҪʲôһүүܹͬء
ΪƵĹϵҺͻҳ˹ϵЩһֱڱ任ŷֺûҡ
һθǲϧóһڵĴͻϹϵһĻᡣ
ﾫ˸ţȭͷսÿ졣
Ԫһһ㸶۵ġԪߵˣȫۣ޷Ĵۡ
ҧԹ飬˻


123 Ȼ
ڡ
һͷҲ˴ͷ˵ʲô߷߲ƽһ˵ţһݺݵشӡʾļ
һĶ棬һһɫ۵ĳŮԸС˱һĸ׺ҲǸԻŮˡ
ʲôĸףҲϳң̫ˣ
һսȭͷԭΪƾĸǰķԸԼԼ䣬ûԼͿԷųȥˡû뵽ǣȻô顣Լͽ˴棬һԼĸҲ˳һԼûˣѵԼ°Ҫȹ
һģᰡɲһӶͷȹȥ
ңҲһᰡȾң㣬
һ˲ĵ˻ߣӶŤ
һ㲻Ҫģһȥġһ
ҲڲšһЩ飬ʵ֪ܶ飬ָʹġֻڳ飬ֻܹһʱڹˡֻôһӣȻܹԼΨһĶһӹ˼ͷ
ˣʱ䵽ˣ
ʱһ˹һžĸߴ˹
ҪңһҪҳȥҲ㣬Ⱦң
һ˻ߣ
תȥӿ˳ǰŷҲ
ҧ˳ȥﾡǺ⡣
˪ǸԪǺҶӳӡҺŹǣһҪǸʹĴۣ
ȭͷսЩĸӵˣһҪʹĴۡĸܵһУҲضʮٱˣ
߳˿ʱһεε˹óֻ˿һֳĶš
ûֻҪҡҾͿԱû¡
ֻ¶飬Ȼһʿ뿪˿ŮʱɫòǡǡһóԼʱŮˡ

ҺԪṩİɹĲܿͺˡ˪⼸Ҳܺã컹ӵһ־༭ѵĵ绰˵ҪһѸԼʶ
˪ҽԺҲģԭϻȥԪģ˽ԼȳȥҲܺá
͸˵֮˪ͳҽԺ˳ź⿧˹ȥ
˪ų˺⿧󣬱㾶ֱ˹ȥ˶¥һ֣˲˵Ŀ⡣ϾŮߵǺġ
˪
ʱһλһ欵Ůվ˻֡
˪æ˹ȥ
ŮԽƯ˰
˪һ͸ӵԸװ͸װ˿ȸ߸ЬǶһһԸд硣֪ж˵ĿⶼµϡͺˣŴ磬ֱҪЩȵû˰
ǵȻľҪ
ͦͦǰEֱظȻ˪
˪һ¡ƽѧԺĸ߲ꡣҼŵĴС˪ǶҵĺѣԺǾǺˡ
µ
á
˪ʱĿҲϣģһʮӡ˪󷽵֡
á㡣
Ҳڴ˪˶˵ŮԱ߶ŮȻǲٵġ־ĵһԸŮԱߵŮҲۣŮҲȺӵġ
£˪Ը֮࣬һʡҲס˪֡˪ĵһй۵ǲ
ˣ˪ôˣǸĵܵûаֲƲ˰ɡ
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ʱŵĽһȣһӶ漸е۾Ϸֱˡֱؿ޳нĴȡ
ܵĿ¸ӵͦͦأɽ岨ӿ
ŮͬһһһԭʱӦǱȽʱŶԡֻǿȴˡ
ԭҪȥϰˣʱһһˡѡȵľֺǺ˸˪һһЩ
Ǹһˣ
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YES
´һָһϢһ
Ҿ˵һĸӲǺöҪ㲻ҪƫöԡΪףСΪҼƶˣǸһ
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˪һ±ӣ˪æתһ⡣һ㶼һһĸˡ鶼ѾȥˣЩɨԼȤ
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Ű֪жáһڣҪأҪƨƨɣʲô˵һסǶĵ˷ѣ
ŤŤ֫һǰ͹̵γ˳ǻS͡һò۾Ҫˡ
ˡأ˪̸û
¿˪
Ұ
˪ҧҧ촽ϲ˵һȴ֪㲻㡣
һϲİɡֻǻû׷֡
˪

˪Ļ²һڿ˳һ̫߳Ϣһ
׷׷
ºһš˪֪˽ģƯǮ׷˿˵ܹӺŵȥ
û뵽Ȼܹ˪ȥ׷һ¶ˣ
£ԱߵҲź档ŮˣƯԸеŮˣ߲֪жΧתҪ׷ǡȥ׷ˣȴûСϾôΧתĻûŮ˻÷ȥ׷˵ġ
ֻһܣǾһ˷ǳǳǳ㡣һвųһġĸʿ˵ǷëǰܹһƯ֪ԵĴŮȥ׷һˣҲҪ֪һʲô
ҲɵԪֻԪܹŮ˵׷ɡ£бԪˡ
ǰȻ׷ˡϧ˼һء
ԪĮ˪Щɥ½Ļ˵ҲŮеļƷҲǧ׷ġڷȥ׷һˣ˻Լϡ˿ɺֿգ
˪ҲЩպ;ɥﲻɵԪӡ⼸һֱҽԺԼףûȥԪ֪Ԫһ˹ôûԼ
ˣǿ϶Լģ


124 
û뵽˪ĴŮȻҲе׷ʱһ¾Ȥ۷Ź⡣
ʲôܹŮ׷Ƭûҿ죡
¼ææ޲Ҫ˪˵ˡϾͷܹŮ˵׷˿ɲˡٵĿˡر˪۹֪ܹ˪׷ܹѰ
Ƭ
˪롣ԪѹûĹʲôƬһţǶ͵͵ġ
ùôСǿӳʲôֲġ
ҡ˪ϥȻֿꡣ
ˣС꣬㲻ҲһƬҲóҿ˭۹á
˪ꡣ

һԪģֻ⽫ԪƬó̫ðɡϾԪֲѡƬҲ͵ĵġԪƬ
óôôСܲһˣ
˪ŤŤģºˡ
ˣˣΪˡǲóƬ϶˳̫һһꡣò֣¶Բԣ
˪궼óƬ졣
Ųأ
⻰һ˵꣬˪ͻȻ뷴Ե¾Ȼ˵˵Ļ˪굱ȻӦˡ
óóֲǼˡ
˪óֻ˼Ƭ¿˪͵ĵģԪ˯ʱ̵ģ
ûô˯ʱ͵ĵģǲѾϴ˰ɣ
ƬͻȻؿ˪
ûأϹ˵
˪ݺһ´ȡڿͷģ˶õº˼ʣҲ˼ش𰡣
㣬С꣬˵Ƭóȱȣĸ˧
ʱ¿꣬æߴŮˣµҪ˭۹һЩ
Ŷðɡ
û취ֻýԼֻһƬ˳Ԫʱ͵͵ĵġȻùȥݸ¡
ϣȻڻգճͦİû뵽С㱳Һ˷չôһ
Ƭ¿֨֨Ц
û뵽˪Ľչô죬һѾڴˣһȥɽճⲻǶ½
һ˵Ҳһ졣ԪǸ쵰һĿճҲáҲܼװһ¡
С꣬Ҳûԣ۾ʱͦÿġ
´ѵƬճɽı֮£ӻͦʵġ
ͦ˧ͦġ
ʱ˿ǫ飬ᵽԼ˵ʱﶼйġ
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⡭
һʱ䶼ЩԽʵŴ˺ӣС졣
ô½㣡
ǰʲô𣿡

ⷴı飬˪ҲæѯóƬҲûдԪȻ˵ò̫˧ü֮ҲйӢڿӰɡǿݲ˵һ䲻Ļ
·ƬȷƬϵͬһˣȻЩεؿ˪
С꣬˪ȷҵһˣ
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ݲ˵ԪĻæԵ˵Ԫʱȫ顣ȱ˵ԼӦҪ
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ղŴ˪ϵ飬¾ѾˣŮѾƬϵ˸סˡ
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ˣˣ
¸оЩˮȣɣ¾ԼӦҸطֻǲ֪˪˭˭С
ôܣ粻ˡŭһ
ǣԪСûһˡ˪Ҳŵ
ͻȻ䣬ƺӶԷĻЩʲôŶԷĿһӾˡһ磬һԪģѵͬһ
ҿ
˪ͬʱȥһ˶Էֻ
ܽţֱԪ˼ԼûŰһֱΪԪֻԼһŮˣΪԼܴ󡣿Ԫ߻бŮϲ˵˪Ը޵Ůͻ˲Լϣã
ҪҪ
ҡͷǵĿ˪µƬʱһӾסˡ
Ϊ˪ƬȻֵıԪӰݣü˯еģһӶǵģ
˪һʼһţǰô˵ΪڿЦءϾµԸ֪ġ
û뵽ȻҲ˵磬˪Ÿоһ㲻ԾҲûôšϾͬͬյʵ̫ˡôɺҲһ
ǵ˪õֻһ˫Ƭϵʱһ˫ӾͶɴˡ
ֻһ۵ʱ䣬˪ϳƬ˭Ԫ
ΪԪ˪ʵ̫Ϥˡ˻ң˪ʶҪǣƬڣԪ·зͶһģһġ
û뵽ԼͶͬһˣһԪ˪һӾסˣŴԸкӣС죬һʱ䣬鶼סˣ˵һ仰
ŮѾסˣ


125 Դ
¸ойɻҩζڿ̵ϢԽԽŨԽԽŨһɲǾҪըԼըһһ㣡
˿ڿˮ˪ĬĬضû˵ԽǰԽ
ôҲ뵽˪ϲ˾ȻͬһһôɱԼʱˡ
Ԫ˵ֱһֻ̤һõѣһҪ㲻ú
ҧгݺ޺޵صȴЦ⣬˪С갡˪Ҳ֪ˡһ̤УʵΪһ˱˴˵ĸȫûбҪġ
ҵĺѾҪġͺ񿴼һ·ûˣٻһͲˡǧֵŭġ
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˪궼û˵ֻĬĬؿƬ
Щף֪ԪһˣԪҲԲûƯŮϲ浽һֻбŮϲԪԪͱŮܣЩܲˡ
ȴţԪ˪֮ûʲôġΪԪŮˡ
˪һ˫Ҳڴ꣬ǲԪҧгݵĸо
Ȼ˵Ԫûгŵʲô˪ָоԪѾԼһȴԪͱŮҡͺԼϲһ·ͻȻˣ
˪˺ƬŮˣ˺ԪǸ˵ĳ嶯
Ľʦõļҽ̸ʲôӦñַȣʡ
Ȼ˪Ƣ꣬Ҳ֪ǰһܹԼչʾ
˪ȻЦˣЦˡһЦ·ģõߵֻôһЦõԱߵ»һս
˪ͦϤģ֪˪ҪһЦ϶ûк鷢
С갡Ԫʶˣ
˪ѯһ˫ؿꡣ
һڰɡ
һʶԪӦһڵӡ
ʲô
ĻһŲһڣͿʼ׷˼ˡ⣬Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
˪ȴû˿ĻɡΪԪġԪȷʵŮһڣһ˲ϲԼġ
ҺԪʶء
˪вźۼĻһ˿⡣ʱҲٲȻһƶԿСģ顣
Ŷ
Ӧһȴࡣһһڣһ꣬һӲͳˡֺԼ˱ϹĸоȻԪѹûн顣
֪Ԫ𣿡
˪ѯʵͱˣЩһҪɱѿ֮Сǰָ꣬ഺԸУʵԼһ󾢵СŲԪʶһڣͶԪˣպ˵ðԪû˼ҲĹ
֪
ҡҡͷͻȻЩԪԼˣԪȴûаԼ뿪ȥĶûи߹Լڱ˪Ҳ֪ôش
ȴ֪ԪҼ
˪ĺһڲ衣¶ʤߵЦݡ֪һεĽԼѾӮˡҪ״ͷ
Ŷ
껹һŶ֣ҧѩ׵ıݡȴоᶼҪˡ
һƬҧгݣ޵ģһ˪һ꣬˶Լĺѣ°˭ƫ̻˭á
ǿįĵģֺܲġԼԺһҪǸԪСһѵ
Ժ󳤵ԣ黨ǲݣ
ˡԪ˵һʱҪȢҡ
һڲ裬˪ͻȻ³һ仰
ʲô
գ
һȱ˹꾪㵵̧ͷ˪Ứ˸·𲻸һ㡣
ԪǺԼ˵ŮӰѾôȢˣ
Ứ˸šʵԽһʵ
棬Ȼεģ˪ҲͬЩ̡˪ҲŮˣȻ֪ʱ顣
˪Ҳ֪ԼЩ̣ôˡڰ飬Ҹÿһ˶˽ġ
˪Ȼսʤ꣬Ժ󶼽Ƶ֪ѶˣȴͻȻһҲ˲ˡָĸо
һжԪãԪ黨ǲݣֵõԼִݻ

ȥʱȻò򶨣˪֪Ѿˡ
ģ˪ҪȥǸĳ嶯ԼԪҪͱ˽ϢԼҲԻܲ˵ġ
һһ̵Ůˣ
һ˿˪ŴյľɫͻȻЩɫ
ԼܿѾ˼ȥԸһŮˣ˵飬һУȴ֪᲻н
ΪԪ˪һնûС
СԪҼһҪȥúú顣ӲϹˣ𣡲Ȼ̫Σˣ
ƺʲô˪ͻȻ૵
һѾ˪о˾޴в˭֪Ժ󻹻ʲôС꣬Сġǽˮ¥ȵ£һҪΪǿУ
˪뵽¥ųһ·Լ˹ȥ
ׯ԰·ϣ˪ĳͣһµꡣ˿ϵĹ棬ƺ˼
ǻ㣬
˪˳ֱһȤµꡣһαʹһЩվֶջԪˣһҪԪѪţѳֲסȻԼһЩ޲顣
ʱ򣬾븺ԼҲùԹ


126 ͸װ
˪ôûȤ£һ߽µ꣬ԱĿͿ˹õ˪΢΢Щеӣ뵽ʲôȥ
µ꿴һֱ˵ԱǰҪһȤ˯£ҪջԸһġ
ŶðǵԸջˡ
Աæ˪˽ȥһȤ˯¹οյģģֵģɫ̣ǿžаֱð
һ͸ӵİɡҪһɫ˿ġ
˪һ۾Ϳһο˿˿״˯¡
Ůĺ۹ءһȤ˯ǵõġҲϲŶ
Աæ㽫һ׺ɫ˿״˯ȡ
һ׺ɫ˿״˯£ʵؼָС˿ġ
˪Ȥ˯¾˹ȥ
Ů˯µĴȽ⣬ҿԽ𣿡
Ա˹
ð
˪һοյ˯£֪ôءܿ䣬˪·
ۣŮĺúð
˪·ǵԱĿⶼסˡ
µ꣬Ա֪ٵŮˣļģҲļġıôõҲֻ˪һ
ΧΧΧıȫǡôֱͺһݾͻ֣һ־ͻһһŮ˿˶ܲˡǸŮ˿˶ҪѪοأ
𣿡
Ա£˪һȤ˯¡˿οյ״˯°£ǻ˵γ˳ˣ˪ԼҲֱԼ޵Ѫĸо
̫ˣ̫Ըˣ
Ա̲סʵûпܽһ͸װԸеŮˣΣȳƵΧǾµ˵ӣһеģ˪һģҲ̲סȥ
Ů̫ˡһϲģ
ԱĽʼɵ˹ܹ˪ģﻹõô°֪ж˺޲۰Ͱ
ƺʲôԱæŮ㴩·ʵ̫ˡĳʲôһŮ˵Ըк͸߹󡣲ҸļƬΪɡǵһЩŻŶ˵ۣ
Աæ
˪ʵ̫ǻˣ̫Ѫˡ˪˯µƬĻ˵Ůˣ϶кܶҪԼ·ġΪֱջ˼£
ˡ
˪˯º⣬һȤ˯£ͲŹԪʱСƣ֮䣬Լʹһ·ýԪ۰Ͱֵ
˪뵽ʲôһϸֵĶЦ⡣
ŮǵĺҪģءɣҺ;һ¡ܲǵĴˡǻܸߵıŶ
Աæ׷ŵੲݡ˪õŮˣչʾԼµĻһὫµԸо쾡µչʾ
ʱҿһĻ϶̲ס׷Ǯġžⱬˡ
ƾԱ˵컨׹˪Ҳûͬ⡣ȻŻȤ˯̫¶ˣֻԴԼϲ˿ôܹ㴩˿أ
˪˵Ȥ˯뿪ˣǵԱһʧĻȥˡ

˪·һЩƣųҸ˹ȥصң˪ǵԼļﻻһȤ˯£һ磬Ԫķ˹ȥ
ȺȵƣڵڷΧʱʱԼͽѵԪܲס
Ǳʱ˪󵨺ͱţֻǽʶΣ
ŲʶԪһڣͶԪ겻ˣɴ˿ɼԪҲһŮ˪ȻŲŮ˶ˣһһ
˪˽ԪԸֲεˡһԼЩʲôһԼġԼԱŮҲУһŮʹô졣ˮ¥̨ȵ£һҪΪǿ
˪Ԫķǰһ·Ȼš
Ԫ
Ԫ
˪˼·ţȴûа㷴Ӧ˪üͷɵҪƿŵʱԱһ˹
С㣬ԪǰѾ뿪ˡ
ʲô
ⱣĻ˪һһŵ飬ȻϾӿһĨŭ⡣
ԪҲ̫ˣȻǶ𣡰ϹԼ׼ô࣬׼˺ƺȤ˯£

˳ڣһֱĬû˵һ˫۾ֱֱÿǰȻʧ
С갡Ϊһʲôǵģ
Ա߿·߷ߵ
˶ҪȢ˪ˣȴҪ㡣˵ⲻʲôȵĸ󡲻ңȵ˵ǡʲô˸áһͱ˪ú˵˵˪ôһŮɲܹ˸ƭˣ
һ߿ųһߵ
ɽĵ·ˣһ·жϣ¾һֱʶ˲
½㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˡԪˡԼá
ҧҧ
˪˵ԪҪȢʱĺݺݱһ¡û뵽ԼİҪȢˡ
ȴûаԹޡϾԪûдӦʲôԪҪѡ˭Ԫɡ
ҪֵĻֻܹԼɡãûԪ
תͷȥ۽ǹӨ͸Ŵһʱ䶼ʧˣûһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ɽһǰеӰ۾һֱˣΪǸ˾ȻԪ
Ԫô˪ļͷ


127 ɽҰ
ΪǲЩŮˡҪģҪòòģΪʲôҪһ˸סءŮˣŲΪһľһƬɭء
˵Ůˡʱ±ܵͦͦأǰŻԲ˲ȻֳĻߣҪ·ѿˡ
µĻȴûһ㡣Ŀһֱɽŵһӵϡ
һľͰһżտһ߳ţһ˵šźԪһ·ӵźԪһıӰ·ģҲԪһģһ㿴ķӣѾȷ˾Ԫˡ
Ԫ˪ź˪ôͻȻ
һЩʲô
ԭ˪ԪҲûôϤȻĻ˪Ҳ᲻֪Ԫڡ˪ϲԪһ㵹ǧȷģȻϹŪԼ
½㣬ǰǸˡ
ʲôһӶЦ⡣
ôСꡣ
һʱ֮䲻֪ʲô飬ǲţܿһ׷Ԫ
Ԫһǰţȴ·ûӵһ㡣
磡
̽ͷһ
ԪŲһתͷĿ⿴꣬ɫ΢΢һʱãһͰѪһ߰˴㣬ﻹһЩֽ˲ײࡣ¿Ԫһģʱʶüͷ
ȻͿƿ˳˳ȥһǸ˵ģ
磿
һ˰ŷ·׹ǰõСӾ˪ŮϲԪɡ⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ϸȥȴִʱؤԪȷʵƬ˲˶١
¸оԼ඼𺳵ҪֹͣˡԭΪԪһ߸˧û뵽ȴȴ
¸оԼ۶Щ˪ˡ
ȴûй˼ô࣬û뵽Ԫﲻ֪ж࿪ĺ͸ˡоүİһ
һԪҲЩ㵡
Ԫԭɽ֮УҪˡôҲܲˡ
㰡Сꡣ
ԪڨڨЦ˿ԼĹѪͷҲоԼ΢΢Щײࡣ
ߣؼҳҲ˵һҾõȡסɽ𣿡
Ȼŭһ䣬ȴ᲻Ԫһ˫תţͷ
ǰɡ
Ԫ˵ͷ
סɽһƶͷ֪㲻סɽϣ
½ȥ
꿴˿¡ҲԪ˹ĿԪһӿ¾޴ϾEֱ뿴ѡԪܿƿĿ⣬ҲԪⲻײĴ硣Ԫɫƽĵ˵ͷЩεػӦš
ˡԼȥͿˡҲסɽ𣿡
ԪɽµģҲһױڰɽӦþסĵط
ǰǰıҪҪȥ
æ
԰ڡҪ͵㶫ȥСɡȻرæҾǡ
ԪҲôȥˡͷŵʵĹѪʵĹѪҪԽԽ죬ˣûôˡ
Ҳ˵ˣԪɽ˹ȥ
磬֣
Ԫ뿪С졣ܵ˵ȴ˲ࡣ
Ѿ֤Ԫû˪֤˪˵ĶǼٻ֮˪˵ԪҪȢǼٵġ
²ԪԼҪæҲȥ׷ԪԼͿˡ
תص˳˵غС
˵С꣬ϲľ˰ûô
üͷԪȥķ
ܺáõĵط׿ġ
ЩԺصôǺԪһˣܽôⶼõĻ䣬Զġ
׿
һƬ̺תȻŶС꣬˵Ϲû뵽Ƿչô˰
ᣡ
걻˵һ죬æµĸ첲
죬ˣжһм۷壿
һ߿ųһѯ
½㣬ٺ˵ˣһûйòá
ǺһɬģһСŮأ¾ôḻ
Ǻģ¾͸ҪЦڴͬʱȤҲǱ
ǸԪȻײģû׼ڲͬĵط
ѵ츳
ЩԼӦöӽӽԪ˪㲻ˣҪǱԼŪ÷ģ˵Լб£
²ͦͦأںӾڻܹԼŷ˶޴İȻѩһƬǾ޴¸ˡ

һʻȥ֮󣬴ɽԵһ̽ͷһ¾װĿ֮У˸
𣿡
һһӵ
ˡ
óֻֻȻһԪƬ
ûԪСӡû뵽ǲɽһȦȻˡ
ǰû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡡
һЦš
ȫ׷СӣֻҪṩһɽʮϸҴ绰
ԣϴ绰СӦʱߵġ
ԣ
һһԭһССĶ;Уû뵽ȴǷԪһ׬ʮ򣬿ɲһСĿ
һóֻͨ˻һ߲ĵ绰롣ʱ򣬵ǲûȥ׷ԪΪԪ̫ҪóȻ׷ȥĻԪֺץĿʵ̫һЩ


128 
ң֮Уȶڻǰһ̨֮ϣӡƽ֮Уй⻪תš
Ѫӡ֮ѾصϵֻҪĥϣܹӡ
һεľ飬һλӽˣ׽ӡ죬ǾԲ׳ȥġһԪӡҲٱȥˣôͳԿˡԪͷҲһ𱦱֪ġ
ֻҪԪɱˣȻӶеһУԼ϶ջ񡣻˸ž
𣡡
ͻȻһƾⱬһɲ֮䣬ӡͷһ£â˲䳤ʮ
һ޴ӡ˸߿֮Уɢ貵Ľ⡣ޱȣܵӡɫҲǸӵ
ӡһ߷תȥ˲ﵽǧһϱ¾ǿ߶ֵסοԪһССĴǾأ
ǣһغֻҪӡУûʲôֵܵס
Ԫ͵ɣ
ɫǵ顣
ʱҵķűˡ


ǻԼң˿Խ

˹
ܿ췿ƿˣһʿ˽ŻЦ٣ҵԪˡ
ʲô
ԣڵһվܿЦ˳
ܺãһʲôϢ档
¶Ц⡣
ֻҪٹһʱ䣬ӡɣʱЯӡĪܽԪɵˣڻżԪQ죬ȵʱˣһҪԪסҪһһ˺ѪǣҪ⣬Ѫ

ԪҲû뵽ڰ·ꡣ̫СˡҲܲôˣҪǻصɽｫѪаˡ
ԪٶȼӿʮӾ͸ϵɽ⣬˿ΧûˣӰһһɽͷ
ˢ
Ԫɽͷǿ˿С׻
ЩҺĵȥ֮С׻Ѿúïʢˣò˶þͻῪˡ
ԪҲûȥܣϽʹѪڵһԲȦ
ȻԪó˼ŷֽԲȦм䣬һĹذںãæЩԪֽãȻһҧָתĬĬڷֽдʲô
ԪдŵʱǼŷֽҲ˱仯ʲôɫģɫģɫĶڷֽһ㡣һһ⻪ǵ㣬׷׾£Ƿֽ֮ϡ
Ԫ棬Сš
ѪаӰҪѵö࣬ΪѪаմȾ̫ıѪ֮Ǳ֮ĻԪѪˣҲܵŵġԪϾߣеǰ취
ʱţŹһСʱӣŷֽʹ󹦸ˡ
ʧţɹţɹɡڷֽϵ츳ָ˲١
Ԫ΢΢һЦǰζ벻ԼȥƷֽҪ֪ǰǵָ֮ͿԽõŻô󹦷Ʒֽġ
ʱԪָһһŷֽ˳ϽԪ֮С
Ԫץסһŷֽ࣬ȻһһѪаͷ˳
һѪа˳ԪǰƯȻԪһŷֽȥѪа֮ϣ
ֽһȥһ⻪ͱˮһ㣬ѪаϴԶһѪа֮ϵı֮֮䣬ͱϴøɸɾһȾˣ
һҲɢ˳
ѪаϴøɸɾԪ¶Ц⡣ȻһһŷֽҲǷ˳ѪаϣĨʶķֽˣ
ԪڲǴǾʵֻܹĨƷʶһԪﵽ¾磬Ӳʮʱ򣬿ƷҲܹĨ
Ĩʶ󷨣˵ȴǺţ˼ģ
ֹʮӵʱ䣬ԪڽѪаѪˡһѪаٿش˳ȥ

ѪаɽĶ֮ϣһ£ɽʯھͱѿʯը촷ۣ׷Ʈ

ԪһʱѪаٿһֻصԪСԪһס֮΢΢һЦ
ȻԪóǸǬѪаӰȫ˽ȥڷɽԪĻȻǴǿ
ٽδǣﵽ˴ǺڵĻԪʵӴﵽһĵز
ԪתȥĿС׻ϡС׻Ѿ˻ĻǶ䡣
һС׻֦Ҷïʮ໨
С׻Ȼ˪һҪöˡ˻ʱۻƻһ𡣻ԽȻ󿪳ڶС׻ʱ򣬶δǣδǣϣ
ԪЦŵ
δǣδǣҪС׻ԶԶȵһҪࡣδδ֮ԪҲǿᵽһ޷ĵز
Ѱ˾δǣǵǹơԪţԼδǺʵӲһһЩ
С׻ʢһЩʱ䣬Ԫ۾ʱ£ڷת
ЩԪתţԪÿһ缡ǣõԪĸоһҲǴԪð˳۳ˮΣ£

µıڣ꾲Ĵ紩·Ԫ֪סɽϵǸطԪһˣסɽҲ֡ԪҪǺͨһ껹Щˡ
⼸ƺǷ˺ö࣬ûôԼԪɽϣԼԱߣʱܻ굱ȻҪԼƯƯˡһҪƯƯģʱԪǰһ
˵С꣬ǸԪ᲻㰡
һǰȥӿһ߻ţһߵ
ҪǲҪøطǰ°ǲ˼ء
һЦ
½㣬㴿һòáԪأ
ŭŵ
ʵܲˣ˵ؿζĻ
ˣ㿪ЦˡС꣬ΪˡҴû뵽õѾȻϲͬһء˵ôѪôᷢҵͷϰҪΪԪˣҿô찡
һΪѵģȻ˵ʵﵹǰͲÿһĻ
һƯŮ˵Ϸ룬֪˶١ƯŮˣһˣǧѵһˡ
ˣԣûµĿУһһͰѪڵԪһˣ


129 ǿ׳
ƯƯڱţǵ˺þãҲûпԪҹɫҲԽԽˣӿһĨʧɫ
Сק
һԵĴüͷûмأɽԸƯŮţȻԸɽͷҹ
½㣬˯ȥɡ£첻ˡ
ҧҧӣԪԸֹ֪ƧˣϲദģҲǿ˵ġ
ðɡ
µ˵ͷȴ˼
һɽЩϤ֪һɽû׼ԪͲ
ԪµĵһӡȻãһӡǺܲڴϿ»һʱ佫Ԫ۵Ľ䡣ڿΪúܵΣ
ֻһõˣȴ˪Ůͬʱϲҵ׷ǿҵķõ˼ĺȤ
Ů˵ľһԭԽصˣŮԽȤ
±ϴӦ꣬Ǳȴ͵͵ֵͲȥˡ
ҪԪʲôˣʲôħ˪ŮĽ
˶˵Ůش͵Сȴƫƫ෴ͦһ԰ȻأǵȴҲܴһֵͲҹ·ͷ
Ÿ߸ЬVƶȹǷ˵ȫ˳һ磬˵Ƿˡ
Ҳҿɽ֮ûˣҪҴ·ڶҹߣһ·̾ҪǿʮΡ
·Ա߾һɽ֪Ұ˻᲻
²û߽ɽֵͲɽһƬյģûԪӰ
Ҳһĵˣǰšʵ¶ˣȤԶԶϲʮˣȴûн뷨뷨ǣ˶ǲ׵ģûҪԼһӶһ׵ϣԼഺ¡
ƯԸУָе׷ΪһһƬɭ֣ⲻǵѡ»ûй˽뷨ͷ
һɽҲûҵԪ䣬Щˡ
һɽɽȱߣաԪɡҪҪȥһô찡
˫ֲվɽ·ϡڳģǰŸҲǵӿڵɫ£Ե쳣ѩס
Сô·ˣһҪȥС
ҧҧɽȥܿһɽԱߣϸһȻɽԵɽﾹȻɢŻĹ⣡
ȻСӲտɡôйζ
ҵԪﲻɵһϲһζ˹µĿڱ֮䣬õ¶ʱθڴ󿪡
ôõɽѾЩˣŵһζǶܡ·һæɽ˹ȥôãҵһˣ

ɽͷС׻ԪڽŴǡڶδǣȵһμ࣬Ԫ˶ʮС׻
С׻ǴԵݣһȥ󣬾ͺһŻȼһ㡣ȵˢԪ壬һеļǣ·𱻷һһ㣬Ȼ۹׷˳
һҲԪϹһӾΪˮ
ڣ
ԭԪϴ·ϵĻʵ̫󣬲һ£Ԫϵ·ȻȫγܴԪΧסһζҲɢ˳ȥǷķˣ
һŴԪ˵ʲôΪȵҪٱ
̫ԵˣԽԵԽϲ
Ԫ﷢һźС׻ĹԽǿҲζ֮ĥԽ
νʿһ»ԽĻ𣬾ܹƳԽĻƽ
ԪֻûǶ̥ǵĸоһܣһ̤˵ϣҪЩ۹ȫɳȥ
Ȼһһ۹ȫ˳ȥȻղôһһȣһʯҲǸ˳ȥ

ɽ£ץŲݴһһţҧ־ĴŮ࣬ûиɹ顣
Ϊɽ֦һ·¶ҵĺۼ̻¶²壬ҹɫ¸ˡ
һһţۿҪȥˣһϲ
ֻʱͻȻһʯӴǰ˳ȥ˵µԴϣ

¾һȫƲס壬ͨ͹ȥһͷԵ˵ϣȻ˹ȥ
ԭ͵ȹӾȻȫ˺˿£ˡôҲû뵽ȥȻһʯӸ

ʮӣ²Ŵӻ˹һ·éݣûʲôˡֻǶͷйɻʹ˹
ˣ
¿˿Լҵֿ˿ɽաڶЩԼҹܵɽҰˡ
һҰ˶ʲôÿģԼװô
ƫƫǸǿˣҪһûдĿ꣬ǿǻἸ켸ҹ˯žġ
ҪɽȥҰˣҪԼһʯӵĳޣȻˡ
ҧּȥ
һΣûʯӷɳˣ̽ͷɽͷһֻɽм䣬һɢŹͭɫĹâֱϣϣ켡¶쳣ȳƽرǸĸ̲űԵֱ̬С
ȳƵߣļ⣬ˣɢս֮
࣡
࣡
ԪʲôûĽ壬²ɵ˿ڿˮ¶˻顣ûп·ÿˣ
ý׳尡


130 Σ
˭
ԭһֱеԪ۾Ѿﵽ˶δǾʵΪٶйٵҲǴǿǰµȥֻûдѣû뵽Ԫһ˫۾ɨ˹ȥ
Ŀɨ˹õ»һսʱֻȥһεڨڨЦšΪɽԵʣµѾˣĽԣǻԪ˹
ΪǣԪµ·չˡһ߽ȥſһ˿ҡʱ򿴵Ԫ⾫׳壬۾ֱˡ
ߣǱļ⣬ɢŹͭɫһ壬»ǵһοһֱ
Ȼ˵ϲǮ˧ָߵˣµϲ˻׳ģģˡһԪ⾫׳壬оԼһӾͱסˡ
׳˵ĺôʵ̫ˣ˵Σյʱ򱣻ԼĳЩʱ̣Ҳֻо׳˲ܹŮ㡣һԪ۷Ź⣬ԭѾ䲻ʱȴһĨߺ졣
𣿡
Ԫüͷ΢΢һ塣ɨɨΧԼҵһطأһɽͷ˵¸ҵŶ԰û뵽¾Ȼҵˣ
Ԫ΢΢Щա뱻Ů˴š
ûûʲô¡ֻǣֻ㡣ˣôɽϹҹȥҵıﰡ˯Ų
ס˸ʵظԪߣԽϲֳ嶯̲סҪȥһҪһǹͭɫĵԺͽʵ
Ԫһ˿ңߣʵЩںġֱֻؿЩڡ
Ŷ˯žͺáȥı԰ɡȻȥ
Ԫ˻֣͵˼Ůզ°ѰŮ˿Լһ˿ңͺߵܳȥˡ˭֪һŮˣһشԼԼһѽһ
ŶãáһҪ
ԪͣҲöȥֻһؿԪߣһߡ

˭֪һŲ̤ˣֱɽ»˹ȥһСҹɫͲ׿·һؿԪ·Ź֣
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Ԫһˣûй̶ܹһ֮ھͶϲСҲһŮʹ󷽡һǺˣһǺŮˣǰһԡûжԪܶ飬Ȼݽȥ군ˡҿɲСʹࡣ
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ǺѣܹҸ浱ȻҲˡֻԪյ˻ټԼԺһӶˡҲûϵ´ûйҪһסһƬɭֵ뷨ͷ


134 
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˪ԪĽӴԼԪĽӴоԪԼǰӴ˲һڶ棬ҪѰҪǿࡣ
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С꣬ôࡣҪúϢƤãİװ۵ģȻٻһƯװ磬ʱû׼ԪĻŭžأ
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µĻ˵ͷ˵öԣԼԼҪŬȥȡҪԼƯƯģʱԡԪǶһԪĿԼҲһ顣
˱ӣºͱ˯ֻµʼմЦ⡣


135 ﳬ
ʱ֣һ紵ɽԵüľȻһ𣬺ţΧлһ㡣
ɽĸվţһ˫˫۾סɽıΪһӴһɫۣӿɱ
üĿ̫Ѩ߸¡ֵָϢֶƾ紵ʿ
ʵԱҪǿܶ࣬վֳңĸо
ǰǲ˻ٵ̫ðɡ
ʱһӱֹ
ߡ㶮ʲôٲ㶯֣ȻǴֻ͡ҪԪСӣڻǰĵλһõʱ򣬺ٺ١
һﳬʿһЦԶǴһ˿ĹâȻӱһϸ˵Ӱ˹ɫ¶òģһʮ긾ŮšǼСȻ󿴵ﳬ˵ķæԶ˹
ǣԪֺʵʵ̫ˡü˶ԪǼǡ
һʿЩηη
죡
һﳬʿɫһӳһĿ˹
ȻðüǸָұȡѵﳬȰüǿ𣿡
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вٵߣﳬͰüߴǺڵʿֻǰüһֱﳬܵӡ
ﳬѾ꣬ڰüˣǻһûҪﳬﳬҪҸúñһ¡֮һǻδƶˡﳬҪһ·ɾͣͱõʶԼôԼպǰ;Ҳƽơ
һȺҷϣ
ﳬŴ˹
֪ԪֻǴǰڵʵҲǴǰڣѵɡοһǺڵǿֻܸȡ;Ϳˡ
ﳬ˵šԪǴ̽
˵һ򲽽òԪɱˣͷʲôֻҪıɹҪԪ׵顣
ﳬǸһ˿Ц
ǣǣǡ
ʿæ˵ͷ
ܿһϸﳬ˵ǰһηηģ
㣬ץӣ
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ﳬʹ˸ɫȻٽӱһСк˳Скסֻͣһ˫۾ϸšһ˫۾ﾡȺͿ־塣

ϸɫһæȥһСкӣ
̶Բ㡣躦㡣
ϸæҪ⿪Скϵӡȴ±ڸֹˡ
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ͨ
ϸһﳬ˹ȥϵ嶼ڶ²Ҳǹ
ǷֻһӰǣҪʲôҶ㡣ңʮǮҿԸǣǷҼұɡ
ϸ˰
ﳬϸĵطǱһξ룬ǲڵĻᱻ֡
һϸ˲Ǳˣ±ͷһķҲǳĴ衣רŸºĻʳġ
ֻǲ֪ôģոսӵһ绰˵ԼӱץˡԾʹҴææ˹ˡ˭֪ȻͿԼӱѺɴûеʲô˰ôҪأ
ﳬؿһϸˣǸЦ
ǮǲҪ෴ģһԸǮ
ﳬʹ˸ɫϱһ±һӹˡ˿Ȼһ̵ĳƱʮ
ʮҿԸ㡣һ顣
ﳬ
ҲҪǮҲ°ֻҪӡ
ϸȻʹ󣬵ҲܹоҪԼ϶ʲô顣һӶ˳񣬿ɲЩ캦顣
㲻ҲԡǮҲ㣬ӵҲˡ
ﳬЦšԸһϵˣвʲˡ
ﳬĻϸһ£Ե˵ϡ
ңҴӦ㣬Ұ顣㣬㣬˺㡭
ϸʹᶼҪӿˡôһӣô£ɶΪԼӡҪԼӳʲô飬Ĳ֪ôźá
˵һ飬ֻҪΪӣһټһǧ飬ԸⰡ
ϸæ涡ʱﳬһɫϱдӻóһҩϸ˵
㲻ǸһǱһˣһԷʱʱ򣬽ĩڷ档סˣһҪȵǸڱͷԷʱܹĩŽȥ
һȥС
⣬ǡ
ϸ˲ΡΡĽӹһĩ֪ĸİӵҪʲô֪϶ʲô顣˫֣ԥ
ģֻҪ㰴˵ȥ죬ǿԱ֤ƽ¡Ժ˽֮Ҿͻʮꡣ֪𣿡
ﳬҲ˹ϸ˵ǰļ
ϸˣȵɱӡ飬¶ȥԼҲûʲôôﳬЦš


136 ʮɢ
һϸȥıӰﳬϸЦ⡣
ʮɢǿ֪ܲ
ʮɢǻүƵģ¾¾ǿҲᱻԵɫζԱֻҪԪԵֵĻᡣ
ﳬսȭͷ
¾ĸҲᱻΣ
ǰڵʿɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽ʮɢ˿ǿᡣ¾ĸҲᱻΣôһССԪһǰڵĸ֣Ǽֱ׾ٵˡһԪıʮɢԵˣôҲֻһֻϻǱֵ
ԡֻҪԪǾ֣ɱȻʬٽʱٻ󣬷ޣ
ﳬ΢΢һοԼڻǰһ󹦵ĴûᡣֻҪɱԪһоͶˣ

Ԫɽһϡ۵ʱɽڶӯŻ㡣ΪҺ嶼ȥС׻ر죬رʢƵϣͿԲȡЩС׻еδǰɣδ֮ʹﵽ˴Ǻڣʱ򣬱Գ¾ˣԼĿֻٽһ
Ԫһ½ǣ¶ü֮УҲ͸¶һɾӢ
ɽѾһˣûгԶڶҲЩˡ
ԭÿ춼ǵɽȥԵģȻµıгԵģҲûбҪɽȥˡ
Ԫɽµıȥˡ
ܿ˱ţһķ򿪵ķš
Сꡣ
Ԫ
Ԫɡ
ϸæӭŽȥȻ˿棬˷š
Ԫһܿº֪ˣæӭ
Ԫˣ̫ˡҽҪȥСú档
ʱ˹һס˷ӣԵóԸˡһһЦɢģ־ĶǵĹˡ
½㣬Ҫȥ
һôû˵ء
ǰʱһᣬҪμӡȥ˵һ¡
˵žų˹ȥ
ֻʣԪꡣԪֻԶģҲûʲôϵ߲һ˶ͻˡ
磬ȵɡ
һԪǰһڵĲ裬ӿ꽫ԪǰҲԪԱߡһ󵭵ζҲ˱Ƕ
Ŷ
ԪƽӦһⱭһڡ

ڣæҵæʲôһĽŲɫһæһĩ˻תͷȴ˽һҺͽţϾǵһ飬±˷֡
С㣬˰
Щҵ
裬ȥϴ˰ɡ
ƽȻҪʶһҩҲ򶨵ࡣ
ǡС㡣
æͷȥˡһĩק
ȵ뿪ʱ´ӻóһɫķĩȻæһ輦һŹ浽˹ȥ
һĩȥֽ֮һ¡ȵ˿ʱ򣬲˿˿ΧûаӰ̤ʵ
һĩһĴҩɫζѰ˸鲻һԵģʱԪһ߳ŷһߺžƣյˣȻ̲סⴺҩǴ߻
С갡ֻܹܵˡһжҪˡ
źС죬¶Ц⡣Ȼתȥˡ
裬ѷþͶȥ

ˣȥ֮ͻ¥ϢȥҪ˼ӡƺ뵽ʲô½ҪððʧʧȥƻԪ֮ǿɾͲˡ
֪ġ
æ˵ͷ뿪֮æ˳ȻóԼǰĩȻһһȥ
ֽĩȫŪȡ
æһк˿ʱ򣬱ڵķȥˡֻҪ˷ˣȥ֮ͻ뿪طˡɲﶺȥˣϾΪŰֻ㱧ԼӱϽ뿪һط
¿һһ뿪˱ʱڷŵľֻԪˡ
΢΢Щţ⻹һԪԷءԪЩţͬʱҲЩڴϲ
磬Ⱥɡ
˵վһԪ

Ԫ˵ͷҲûпһȫȥܺúȣֵζͷԪþûԶˣʱ̻
ڶ棬ɵɵؿԪЦʱҲ

֮⣬һƬɽ֮С˫۾ԶĶűڵĶ
Ԫȥʱﳬۿŵġǹ˲ãû뵽һȴǿ˳
ǰ
ʱﳬæҪȥסһӡ
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ո贫Ϣ˵ԪѾԷˡֻҪٵһʮӣﳬͿɱȥˡ
ڲǴݾߵʱ
ﳬﾫ˸ԭԪǻԪĺ⣬ﳬ֪ġһֺ޲óƤĹǵĺ⣬ֻҪԼɱԪһڻǰǰüɱԪԼȴԼһȡüڻߵĵλ


137 
ԪǶ˺þˣʱǰҲ˲ʲôˣڴڵس
һһӺͱԪԹˡԪԱ߷һӣȥùһֻڳһ٣ҪԼ죬ټϻһδǰ浲ţԪ뷢ضԲС
磬㣬ҭˡٺһɡ
꿴ԪԵôͣϲǵģæʢһ뼦ȥˡ
ҲԱ߳ţǺŮˣϸţһ鼦ȣ߰˿ڲųȥǺСȥ˵ζ̲סǷǡ
ԪһٳԱ첻ġһҪһ㡣Ŵ˶ʹϾ¼ҵĻʳҲܺԪĿζ
ǳųţԪ;ЩԾˡΪо¶ֻĸо·ͷؽһ㣬ʶԽԽԽԽңһҪԵ˵һ㡣
ã
ԪһΪԼԱ˳ŻˣǺܿ͸оԾˡΪȫ¶ûġ
С꣡
Ԫ꿴˹ȥȴ겻֪ʱȻѾε˵ϡ
жˣ£
Ԫ·һʲôڵһվҪ˹ȥֻûгһĸоʹ˹¶־޴ѣ̾ҪԵڵһ㡣
ʱ򣬴ӱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˹Ȼ˹ˡ
Ԫ֪³ԼǱʲôˣ֪϶ΣˡҪԸҴĻڷҩ
ͨҩѲԪҩȻ֮󣬿ɼͲͨµġԪо˾޴ΣΪ綾ҩֻ߲У
ʱ˿̣ҲûжʱȥѰ˼ĥԪڵһ걼˹ȥ
һҧסͷһѪӿ˳ָĸоõԪһ飬¶˲١ʹõԪѣıܸԪĪ
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ʱ˿̣Ѿ飬һţû˰
磬ңô
˫룬죬ԪҪȴûаģһ㡣
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Ԫƾһ͵رȻ˹ȥ
ڣԪһ߿˴͵ȥ
ԪڿʮɢûаȻôߵĵطȥһ˵Ϻ˫һͨǰԵȥȴ걧ˣܵһ˺
ڵϹȥ׺ԪٶվǾѪȻҧɽķ˹ȥ
Ѿǿ֮ĩˡʮɢã¶û˰ȴʹ֧šļţ
һٴҧͷϣָζɢŴ̹ǵʹԪٶ˼ȻԪֽǰ汼˹ȥ
Ԫһ·ģüζԵ˵ϣҧֻҧǰ壬ŶԵεϤЩ׷˦ں棬Ļһ׷Ǿֻ·һ
Ԫ˫۳죬ﶼѪˡʮɢ˶û˿ȴ⼫޵ҧ񱼣͵
Ȼڻ֮УҲ֪Ԫ״̬Ԫ⼸ƣߵģҲޱȡΪоԪ嶼ڲʱҪȥһûпԪﵣ۵òˣæ磬ſҡԼߡ磬ҡ硭
˹Ԫû
ԭȥɽ·ߵһԪȴұߵһ˹ȥ
ͻȻˣЩ˼ȻԤıԸԼģô϶֪ԼŵĵطһԼŵĵطû׼Ҳһ
Ͷ
Ԫתһ˹ȥûٵʱˣҲû˼أоԼһв̤һԾ·һΪѾû˷һǰڵҲܹȡ
ΣõԪҧٶȿ嶼˿ҡҡ׹
һϡԪƣߣǴѪģҲϧޱȡͻں
ԼûãܹﵽԪÿһζԪᶼҪˡ
Ҳ֪ôͻȻҪԸǣ겻֪ʲô飬ȴ֪ԪԼһӳȥġΣʱ򣬻ǲ϶Լ

Ԫڵˣ
һŭȴﳬ߳˿һȴѹûпԪӰ
أ
ﳬɫһ䡣
˿һƬǽ壬ȻԪѾ˶ֻǷˡ
Ԫʮɢ巢ܲ˶Զġ׷
ﳬɫʱɱԪĴûᣬɲܹˡҪԪˣʧʹˡ
ǡ
æһܷѰѰ˹ȥﳬҲǸĴ
һһطѰţܿﳬͷҵĲˡӰһҲȥŵ·һ·׷ȥ
Ԫ䵽ﳬҲ޼¡ɣ
ﳬЦһԪľ綾ҪܸǲܡֻҪɱԪܹԪʬȥʱ򣬻ҶԼĿ࿴ģʱԼƽƵʱ̣


138 û
˶֮æʹҴææ˳Ѿﳬ˵ȥˣﳬӦòΪԼ˰ɡ
ԲСС㣬ԲԪĲǹġңֻҪȻҵӡ
һţһֹǸ
һӶһˣûҪˡﳬҵʱ͸оЩԾоﳬ˿ݺԪꡣ
ûа취ﳬﳬĻԼӾûˡ
ӵԼ֮Уķ赱ȻѡԼӡҲ֮顣
һ·ŵ·˹ȥֻԼı뿪
Ȼڵ·ͷ±վһϲæ˹ȥЩˣӱΨһˣ
ҵıء
˹ȥæż

һ±ڴóһ˿һѪܵԴһµ˵ϣֹȥüԶѪܣĿģ

ķ辪һȥứ
Ҫɱǣ
⣬±ڶҧгݣ˿û뵽Լﳬô࣬Щ˾ȻɱԼӣ
һ±ȥ˭֪ͺ±ĵͻȻ˹һѣ

ҽһɴ۾ȻͨԵ˹ȥһʮŮˣôЩ׳ĺ´ֵĶ֣Բһ˲䣬ͱ˽һغˡȻ±óë佫Ѫøɾˡ
ǵʬɾ㡣
±Աһæʬ̧ɽ˹ȥ

ﳬںѰšԪǽƻﳬһ󣬺ܿҲ˺ۼһǰڵҲǽһһɱڡ
֣ʮɢӦȫŶԣôСӾȻôԶ
ﳬüͷ
ʮɢģ¾ǿҲܹԵûԪһǰھȻܵóȥôԶѾ󳬳ԤˡԤڣǰڵߣһҩҪԲŶԣԪȻܳȥôԶһǺڵ߶׷ˣ
ϴСһֱܣɼ˶ֻҪҵһܹɱģ
һæ
ƨΪҲ
ﳬתһۡԪѾʮɢѾǿ֮ĩˡûӴܣѾ˵һСֻҪҵˣ
ҪҵԪããɽһԶˣҪҵɾˡףʲô
ﳬͻȻ俴˽ǰסɽк֣Ϣ
ȥ
ﳬ׷ﲻԪӰģǰֳһɽʮа˾ǾԪѡ
ߣ
ĸӰһȥ


ӰһһԵ죬һ·񱼶ϣܿɽ⡣ˢһ£Ӱ䶨ȥɽһ
ɽȴǿյһƬ
üͷɽڵһУԾԪĺۼǴʱ˿̣ȴûԪӰʵ벻ͨΪʲôԪûг
ﳬ˽ȥһһطѰѰԪ䡣С׻ǰժһ䣬ţɢŨ
Ԫסĵط˵һ˶صԼѡȴûУ
Ԫһֵ
˼Ƭ̣ﳬѹֻԼԭԪĺѶԸѾʮɢˣСӳȥôԶڶԼ׷ǲ
ѾжˣͶȻûֵĵΪһ֣պԪþ;Լ
ңڵҲҪҳ
ﳬɫսȭͷ˿
ǣ
ʱӰһæɱ˹ȥ

ҺԪʱתһ򣬷ĻҪﳬ˵ˡ
Ԫһ·ţĴ֣ԽƫƧģԽ˼ĵطԪԽҪȥֻҪεĵطȥпܶﳬ˵׷
Ԫҧһ̤һϣȻ嵯һյϣ˽ŷɱ˳ȥ
ÿһھʹһĵʹʹֱ飬˶Ҫ˺ѿһ㡣Ԫסˣ


ǰ澹Ȼһӣˮܼӿ
Ԫʱ˿̣Ѿǿ֮ĩˡ¶ûﳬ˻ں׷š
ԪһҧС꣬Ȼˮ˽ȥ
ͨ
Ԫһ˽ȥʱ䣬ˮɽ˳ǻӿˮԪϯ˳ȥԪ˳źˮһ·º壡
ԪҲ˻֮С
Ͼʮɢʵ̫ˣ¾ǿҲδܹܵסԪܹ֧űܳȥôԶѾѵˡһˮ֮УѾʶĻУֻƾˮһ·³ˢȥ
ڱѾ˹ȥֻסԪ᲻ɿһ¡˳ˮһ·¡
һӲǺܳܿ͵յ㣬ͨԪײһʯͷϣ궼һ˰ߵһݵϡ
һƬݵľޱȣһ֮У߶Ƕ͵£Ѱ˸ҲҲ䲻һƬʪĻԪţԵԪɫ԰ףǶѪ
ڱӵĹУʵԪҲһöɹˡֻһöɹΪӵģһˣͲ¡Ԫһֱţһֱˮ˰ߡ


139 ŷ
ݹżǻĹ֮һʱڹϵŵıׯ԰֮ڣؼСһ¥֮ȴš
ؼĻвٹżҵߣһһǳɫѣϸŮۡʮҵͣһ磬ˮ۾κͽؿǰׯ԰
ϸȥؼΧߵĿⶼ׷һŮϣȡ
ŮǱˣǹżҶС㣬ɶ
ǴСĳ֮ա֪Сܲͻ¾ĵڶأ
ǰ¾ΪءһرһͻơСǰͻ¾һأܹͻ¾ڶصĻôǹżҵʵ٣
СǹżδϣһҪɹ
С㲻ɹǹżҾΣˣ

ʱһһ˹żкͽǡؼȻһȺ˵ͷɫޱȡ
ҲͬǽšһСһʧܣһͻƾͲ֪ҪȵʲôʱҪͻƲƾǿߣͼˡ
СǹżδϣһҲûˣôżҾͳˡһγأȻֻ΢΢С飬ȴϵżҵǰ;˺

˽ǵʱͻȻһӸ¥ڴ˳¥һζ
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Ҳתŵ⻪ɭϣˣȻͻ˵ڶ¾ļ
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ؼæ޸߹Ůӱ˱֡
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ʱһȺҲæһһû뵽СͻƳΪ¾ڶصĸˣżҵʵ˲١϶д˷ܺͿϲ
СһɨܿԱǳɫѵŮϡ
㣬ϲ㡣
˫Ů˹ȥס˺Ůӵ֣һ˷ܸ˵ģ
ɶҲͻƴǺˡ
Ůӵ˵ͷһֻŮϸţǰ顣ɶãҲǹżһһţ
ɶͻƴǺڣȵڵõɫߵͿͻ¾ˡΪżҵŶ
˫ĹɶСһ˫ˮﾡǵƤɫ
áǼɶһͻ¾ġ
ŷ˰˵šȻתһĿ⿴ؼˣű䣬Ŀɨ֮󣬺ǿĴ͸һ㣬ôһ·֮䶼ûܣһеһУŷһ۸ˡһӶ׹ߵĸоһһҶ˵һ仰¾ǿߵϣ
ұչصһʱȫ֧ŹżҡҳأضŹżһԻ͡ؼɫߵôˣ
ڹүӻڱչ֮УżҾǹŷˡŷ˵Ϳؼ
ڸ¥֮⣬ۼŴʮҵߡЩǹżˣ
ʮߣһ˵˶Ҫ֪ңϰٵģҲ˹żҵįйżүһǿĻżѾˣ
С㡣
ؼ˳ȻżʣµѾ࣬ǸǾӢӣĸ֮ˡЩȴǿźġ
Ѿ׷鵽ɫߵ䡣䶴֮ڲͷмءһƵ֮ʱǱԽ͵ɫʳõǹżҲõöֻҪõöԽɫճ
ؼһеɫߵԷ߽¾硣ڹż¾ĸֻһ˵Ƕּȱһεɫߵ˵ҪҲ־ڱصá
Ϊǹżһᣡ
ܺá
ŷ˵˵ͷ϶顣
ֻһǵж֪йˣѾһЩһǶȡɫߵС
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ڶ˵ҪɫߵĲ֮أԼĻ͡
ɫߵĲֻ֮ǹżҼ߲֪һǡζǼŨڹżҲܴȥǧסһˣºױ׷ʱ򣬼׷ǹżҸ޷ס
ؼɫޱȡ
ҪõɫߵҪҪ뽫ӺݴϽɽȥȴһ׵顣
Ϊζʵ̫ˣһ뿪˹żңϢǧף׾ͱ
ҪǣżҵһЩ߲Ѿϣһһڶֵƿ֮¡Ҫض˵Ľٳ֡һһصѳǰһһɽס˹żҵĵ·裬տ
ŷɫޱȡؼǵ飬ﵱȻΪ׵ĹżҸ߲㣬ɶؼˣѾ֪˫۾סˡһһȫڱ˵Ƥ¡
һʲô϶˸ǰʱǵϽɽ͵ߵ»ûеȵʳͱȥˡһΣ
ŷüһ˫йżɨɫԽ
żңܿε߶Ѿ޼Ǻھĸ֣ҲֻˡټԼĶˡ
˿϶ҵŰΧ֮µġһЩˣʵ̫ܹίΡ
ƺ˹ŷ˼ؼȥ
ˣС㣬ǰҶԸʮ̫ʱ򣬵õһλһλƾŴǰڵʵȻɵһǺڵߡҾ˿ԿΣ԰ǹżһ֮
ʱؼ
ؼһɫһ䣬׷
ǰڵʵȻɵһǺڵߣôܣ
ǰǺںʹǰڿصⰡ
ܣҲ̫ţ

ʱһһ˹ﲻ˶ǴǰھߣȻ֪Ǻںǰ֮ʵˡһսʮǰڶһǺڵĶ֣ǾĲ࣡
һһɵ˹ǹŷ˵ĿҲؼϣɻԴǰڵʵԸһǺڣӹŷ˵˵ЩɶǾɾ֮
ߣ϶һǺڵ̫ŻᱻһǰڵĻ쵰ܣңȻͲһˣ
ʱĹɶ˳ȥ˫ֲ˹


140 
ɶ˳Сһ顣Ųʮ꣬ʹﵽ˴ǺڵΪҪڶʮǰͻ¾磬ǿǹżҵڶţ
ţǴżְġһؼô佱ˣɶЩˡ
˵Ŀģ
ŷ˿ؼڹż߶Ѿˣһܹż
ǧȷ˻塣棬ǹżңٺò顣
ؼԪ˽⣬ԪˣԪĻؼǿԷΡҪǣɫߵԪҲǼҪġһ˵ʵҲܴô߼жɫߵֻżҵһ˫ã˫Ӯ顣
ģҪһᡣ
ŷؼϡǹϵżǰ;Ĵ飬Ȼܹʾˡ
ʱ֪Ӧ⼸ҡʱС㡣
ؼ˱֡Ԫ˵һЩҪʲô飬ؼҲûȥʡԪ϶Լĵ
á⼸Ǿͺúһ¶ԲߡһһҪõɫߵҹżҶ¾ǿߡ
ŷҧҧż˥ϣϣŷ˼ϵĵӺغءҪһλᣬż
ٳһ¾ǿߣżҲࡣ

ɽһƧɽ֮Уң¶ѩΣߺ죬ʲôֲһһ˵﷢
Ԫһ·񱼣ľ˶˱ıԵڻ˹ȥѲһ·ϱԪúúõģûзʲô顣
ʮɢǿһҩȥˣǴҩҩȴַ
һֱ˫һΡԼһɽ֮УȹޱȡҪһ㡣˫ֱܵԼϣ⿪·
ȣܡ
һ߸Լһ߷૵
ʼս۾ȴͳˡԭ¶ģǲ֪Ϊʲô̵ֹܸоļ尾£Ȼ
۾Ƕ˵ﾡ顣ȻתĿԪϣﴺӿš
ôҵ磬ô
ΪԼΣֹȥҡҡԪ塣һԪǽʵţ͸оһ󴥵ĸо˹˶һ顣һаǲð
оԼҪһ㣬ֻһطйȥּ尾ĸоֱ޷ܡһŻ𣬶ʱԪһűһŻҪȴ
Ԫ˹ȥ

ɽϣﳬ˻ڷѰšﳬɫԽԽѿˡ
ɶһʮɢˣȴôҲҲ
ﳬȭͷսÿ졣һСʱȥˣȴԪӰӶûпԭ޷ļƻ˭֪ȴı䶯ﳬջƣҪ֪ǰΪһƻǰٷְٳɹİ
ô죬ǰСӺ˳һˣ
Ҳﳬ󡣸ɫдŽǡһԭҪץԪɱԪȥģû뵽ȴ顣Ԫûץ˷ʮɢ鵤ҩ
ҪšҼҡɽô󣬿϶еǲĵطڵߣҲҪСӸҳ
ﳬݺսȭͷӶ
ﳬвòץסԪɡΪһεжﳬĵжûеõġһ˽жûץԪݾˡﳬ޷ڻǱԼʲô
룬ǿ϶Ƿ˵ĳͷǲԼµ˷ġһǾٲ
ﳬǽɽ˸飬ҲҪԪҵ
ǡ
ȻҲԣһԪٵǾˡʱҲųԲ˶ߡ
ˢ
һΧӶȥʼѰԪ
һһ磬ÿһطŹչ˵̺ʽѰﳬҲǸӰһϱӹȥһ䵽һɽϷѰ
ԪԼʮɢܹɳȥǿǾ¾ǿҲܹŵʮɢһǾߣôܳܵס
ԪСƻٽƻҲҪҵ㣡Ȼɱˣ⣬Ѫ
ﳬսȭͷҧݣӶŤŭâͺ⡣

ԪֻԼСһûĿ֮еľˡڻ˯˹ȥÿһ缡ÿһǣʹ̵ĸоָо嶼Ѿ˺ѿһ㣬ޱȡ
һʹõԪ˯Ҳüͷ
ģʹ֮Уȴһӿ˳һԽԽǿңԽԽ¡ģԪоԼҪȼһ㡣Լһ֮Ҫˡַչ̵ĸо尾ܵҪ嶼Ҫһ㣡
ԪҪ۾ȴûаʵȴ޼¡һȵĸоԽԽǿң˶Ҫͱըһ㡣
ͻȻ䣬һĸоԪ촽Ԫ̵촽һº͵ĸоȻһ˵ζ˱ǶǶ˵ӸԼĻȵ塣
һԪԭޱȵ壬Ȼһ⡣Ԫɵ÷˶˵žͺʲôԼϡģԪȻ֮Уоһ˿

СʱȥˣⴺҩҩɢȥĬȻŷ˵һĻôҲû뵽Լ˯Ԫ顣
ԼЩ̣æһʹʹĸо˹
찡ҾȻΣ
һӾסˣæԪ˿ΧŷɽϡԼôȥԪ顣˸ղܵĸоѵǱҩ
ɬޱȣʱ˹ȴֲ֪ôԪˡȻ˵һΪǴҩԭ򣬿ǣǵҲԼİһһ˵ơԪڵϣ·˯һ㡣
ҧҧҲֻܸԪԱߡǵԪѹʲô뷨ɡ
ûбİ취ˡһȻԼɬһЩǺôԼǸԪɬҸĸоССҲͬʱһڴ֪ԺԪԼ
һʱ䣬긴ӵԪߣȻӣȴôҲ˯ˡһ̿ʼڳΪԪŮˡ


141 ȥ
Ԫ֪Լ˯˶ãֻúһΣԭʹĽǶһºĸоȵͷ׹ȥˣ۾
һԼܹܵº͹⻬ļһתͷȥ񾲵ԼԱߣԴԼֱϡ
ʱ˿̣˶һ˿ңҲǷˣ硣һǾޱȣ㷢Ե÷ĽˡǼƣ·ܹˮһ㡣
ʲô飿
ԪֻԴЩεģ˺þòŷӦ
ģԪ׷ʲô顣ǰǷҩӦһ㣬ԼĽǣԼûаǺҩʲôҩ
Ԫüͷʵ벻ͨԷҪԸԼڶҩͷӴҩʲôϾ˴ҩʹ忺ܣܹӰǰҩá
ƺѾ޷ˡ
ԪҧʱǴʹĸоǿȻù·סӡ
ôС궼޹ġһԼ֪ôճá
ʱԪûжʱȥ顣˿ɫ¾ԼжѾСʱȥˡǼҪɱԼˣҲ׷ġ
ԪʼϢ
ҩʵ̫õԼû˰㷴ɽҲ޷ٻ
ԷȻҪԼº֣;ԲŹԼġԪ뾡ָܹȫԼ
Ԫ۾ĬĬתŹʼϢʱתΧҲ󴵷ţ¶һůĸоڵҲĻָ

һֱû˯ţʱ۾һ졣Ͼո·˹ϵЩβ֪ôԪֻܹװ˯ȥ
ԭΪԪ֮󣬾ͻԼ˭֪ԪȴˣûԼֻܼ
һֻ۾Ҳ͵͵Ԫ˹ȥԪǸӣְĵĸо
֪ΪʲôͻȻֺܸлЩ˵ĸоΪЩ˵ĻԼԪԲĵദġ
ȻԪû˵֪ԪһεˡԼѾһṼԼġڷܵĽӴ֮оԼԪ֮䣬ͱһָֽӲһĸоˡ
ԺԼҪԪ߾˺ܶɡ
ʱ侲ţš˺һԪ۾ղŵһϢʵѾָɡ
ȻɫЩ԰ףɵʵѾ㹻ԱϾԪϻڷɽڷɽټԼɵĹ¾ǿ߹Ա
Ԫվ˹ȥüͷ
ԪʵЩ֪ôĹϵϾԼϲˡǣȴ
겻ܣ޵оԪ϶Ҫչ꣬ҲԪ޷顣ϾԪкܶҪΪһŮͣ
Ԫԥʱӷתһ¡
磬ңǡ
꿴˿Ԫ˿Լӣװ֪ģǰԼԪɲҳԼѵģҪԪҲѵģΪԼǲŮˡʱ򣬾װһ¶ģ
峺ӣŻֺ̿ͺ¡ȴһƬߺ죬ҵ㷢һֳ˵
С꣬Բ֮䣬ţǡ
ԪԱߡЩ֪ôӺ˵Ҳ֪ô
һԪڵһ㸺ġ
ǲԼģܹԼ˶Բ顣Ҫ
ֻҪԸҡԪƽص߶һŮ˾ͶһŮ˰ɡӰҲͨˣӦòԼϾѾԼĿƷΧ
Ը⡣
ȵľһ仰Ӧһ䣬Ԫ˹ȥһ˿ҵĻȽסԪ壬ԪӸͷ
ôãǵԪһ仰ڴԪ˵ͷ֪ж࿪ĺ͸ˡ
סԪ˷һ㣬϶ҸȻ֪ԪԼʮɵİֻҪܹԪѾܿˡ
ഺĽԪҲǱӸܵεһԸԪҲ⻬ĺϣḧ
ﲻɵ̾˿ԭĵһֱ̣û뵽ȴҡһ¡ǲôȳӰӰطֻ꣬һӵĿ꣡Բܶҡ
ʮӣԪ·괩ϡߺڼСŮɬԪﾡ
Ԫ˿ɽȣû뵽Լ꾹ȻһطҲΪطվͣûб˷ְɡȥҲȷʵһֵ顣
߰ɡ
Ԫһǰ
ϣ
ǰһһɾʹ洫˹һԵ˵ϡ
ô
ԪعͷǺɫһҲʲô
껹ǵһΣڴҩǰԵ£һŰʹ֪Ԫ˿һƬǽĵ£ﲻɵö˼ϧϾŮӵĵһζǺʹģڴҩ£ҩԸӵңһݲֱǷ㣬ܵʹ֪
ұɡ
Ԫǰ
á
ɵ졣ȴ˷һȻԪ߹ȥһѽ
꼫ȴӯޱȣһ§˻ͺûһ㡣Ԫ;ޱȡ
Ԫ˫ҲסԪĲӣɬϲһ˫ӿԪﾡˮ
̶̼Сʱ͸оԼԪľ˺ööࡣסԪĲӣԪţԪ;÷̤ʵҸʱ˿ֻ̣ϣԪһӴɽźáҪȥˡ
ɶ˵ģԪҲһϧֻһŮҪԼ治֪Ժô졣
뵽Ԫӽ걧ˡȻѾˣҪúö긺
ӰҲԼɼɡϾѾԼԿƵˡԼǵ÷ʲô顣
뵽Ԫ࣬ɽͷѰų·ɽȺǶͣһ϶£Ԫû˳źȥǴӶ͵ɽϣԸ쵽ɽ


142 
Ԫ˳ɽһ·һһܿʹɽ֮
ɡ硣
ԪϾո˶ȻָһЩʵϾЩáʱǲ԰׵ɫЩ̬ˡ
á
ԪὫ£Ҳ˿ϾŻָɵʵôߵɽҲȷʵͦѾġȻȫʢʱڣһȫûģ˵һ꣬ʮһٸû⡣
վԪǰԪϲ˹ȥԪϲţСǺһģģͺչԼİһ㡣
Сģ
ʱԪȴһˣ俴ǰ
Ҳæתʱ򿴵ǰһʿ˳Ԫﷺ𺮹⡣
һʿǴǰڵʵղԪʱͿˡֻǶ治ǰ
Ԫɫ԰ףģʿΪԪжûкãһӶ˼ֵ
Ҫ֪ǿʮɢԵޱȣúܡ¾ǿʮɢҲҩɾȵġοԪһǰڵء뵽һʿӾ͸Ӵˣ
Ԫ̤Ьٴԭҵˣֻ·һˣ
һʿ¶顣һ˫ĿҲϴرǿһǧĵģͷɵһ
ף˵Ů˻Сرҵ㷢ѣ˵
ʿ˸ŹâȻһ˫۾סԪɱ
ֻҪɱԪһεεӾԼõˡɱԪ֮󣬵˻ǱߣԼҲͷֱһãһ飡ɫ˫գպܹƽơ
ԪһֱؿһʿͬʱĿҲɨ˹ȥһƬûбʿ΢΢һССǰڵʿҲֵ
ҪɱҲԡ֮ǰܲһ¸µĴ
Ԫ
ĪҪɱԼԪ֪ҪɱԼ˭Ԫ˲٣ܹǲЩ߹ɱԼˣȴûм
ԪͷѾ˼ܵ֡ȴǺȷ
áвգҵҲСӾͽĹɱǻһС֪ΪʲôҪ˰ɣ
һ˹һԪⲡģȻΪԼɱԪˡʱ˵ҲǷе

Ԫһû뵽Ȼǻ񡣻ǽԼΪ˶ר˺ݡû뵽⻪ȻҲ׷ˡͨ졣
СӻʲôҪʵģҪ˵ķϣҿԶش㼸⡣
һ顣Ԫɫ԰ףȷԪûдʮɢĶҩ￵ԲҲǴ
ûˡˣ
ԪɫһͻȻһڷɽܳһɫĹ⻪ֱХ˹ȥ
ʲô
ΪԼʤȯաѹû뵽Ԫﻹµķɽ
ɫһ䣬ҪȴѾˣһХٶȿĿϾӣ

һҽд˹üľ˲䱻һڷɽˡ˸ȻһѪͬˮעһӿ˳Ѫõ͸¶ѪȺ
Ԫ֮£ҪѯһЩѡ
ȻѾ֪ǻҪ׷ɱԼԪҲûбҪˡ
ͨ
ɴ۾һʡһԵ˵ϣѪעӿһӽȾˣ
ҲæתȥȥһĻ
ٿһ£һɫķɽصԪǰԪָһɽϵѪȥɢ峺Ĺâ
Ԫɫ
ǱҪԸһж˵ǻ񣬿ǻҵˣôӴԪһʱ֮ȴûʱҶԿ
ֻǻ˺ҲŹԼԺҲҪɱˣ
С꣬ߡ
Ԫļ򣬴ɽ˹ȥ
ǰԪΪºЩйᣬڿӦòӵġϾҵܴһвʲô顣
ֻΪԼԵʣ¿¶عˣպҪССϾ֮һһСƣ
Ҳ¿ѪȵĶܹԪ͸оһжá§סԪֱۣǷ˵ԪһɵҲɢȥȻ˵һ·գܹԪԣʲô¡
һССĴǰߣȻǲһСԪ֪Ժлҵʲô˹ˡӦûй
ǻĻ׼¾ʵʶǣԼӳôԶ
Ԫ경ɽȥǰȥˣ֪᲻Ҫǻ֮ЩߵɾͲˡ
Ԫɽµı˹ȥ

ﳬһֱڷѰԪ䡣ֱһĲҽ˹
ʲô
ﳬһͣɫ˲ķ
ڱ쿴Ԫ
һۼæָָһɽͷֻ·ϣԪǰ߹ȥ
Ԫǣƺ˵ģ
̤ЬٴҵˡһζܸˣߣȥΧס
ﳬĺ˳һӣʱֳ·ԪΧȥ
ﳬҲǽųȥγһǣȻ׷Ԫ
ߴԪΧ˹ȥԵķǰԪҲȻ˶
ϸһ˿ЦȻӿ˲ӡһԾֱԼǰһɽﱼ˹ȥ
ܣˣ
׷
ɱǾڻǰ´ˣ
ԣɱ

Ԫӿ˲ǰ壬ﳬҲɫ˲һ䣬Ӽӿ˲׷ȥԪܣȻǣ׷ȥ֮ȻܹɽԪɱˡ
ﳬһ˿˿ľɱȭͷҲսÿ졣ԭΪԪѾˣû뵽Ȼǲɽ֮Сֻ¶ˣԼˣͱܳȥˡ
ɱܹڻǰһͣʱ򣬻һԼĿ࿴õ˻ҵ࣬պǰ;϶޷ƽƣָտɴ顣뵽ﳬ˷ܵĹâ


143 ɽ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬ǿԪͻȻӿ˽ŲҲ֪϶׷ˡΣˣ
ҲûȥԪֻԪš֪ԼܹԪֻϣԼҪԪҾˡ
Ԫ§סϸ֫סӯ壬һԾɽͬһȥܿԼĶǰȻԪ˽ȥ
˶ڣԪ˵ϡ
С꣬ﲻҪҳȥͻˡ
Ԫ
ҪСĵ㡣
ؿԪһ˫ﾡǰ顣
ã
Ԫ˵ͷת˶ſڡ
Ԫ˶ſ֮濴˹ȥﳬ˹ٶȵǼ죡һŶߺХ
ͣ
ﳬԭڷ׷ԪҪץԪȻɱԪõǰúһ͡
׷ȴԪһӴҡڳ˶ſڡﳬԾһɵˣԪҡڵģȻΪΣһӣһҲͬʱ䶨ϡ
վţһĿⶼԪ
Ԫ㾹Ȼҵﻪ٣ڵˣҸϽ
ﳬվһϣԪ
ðǶñɵֶΣ޷ǾҪȡԪھ͹úˡ
ԪԼؿڣһﳬ˹ɱԼģǰһֱӴܣֻҪһȫĵطѡڶͷȫȫԪҪԸﳬȻף޺֮ˡ˫ֲ俴ﳬˣͺֻһ㡣
ԪԽ֣ﳬԽйŹֲȥˡ
ﳬһ˫۾гһ죬Ԫ˿ɽ棬ҪԪʲôһɽ֮ǰȥģûʲôذ氡ﳬ˰죬ҲûпŹ֮
ﳬʱǲġ
ȥ
ﳬ
ǣ
ǰڵʿҲڴԪûпԪ˿ĵطʱŭһԪ˹ȥɱԪɱĵˣĴûᡣʿȻԸŹһˣ
ȭ
ȣ
ǰڵ߷ȥһʹȭһʹȣֱԪΧ˹
ǿĹƣת˲л˹ԵǿʢƣЯŵܿ˵ޱȡһӶŰĻɳҶ
Ʒӿȣڷ˼Ԫȴɫƽվţ񿴶ûпһ㡣
˫
ʿӵԼǰ׵ľʱԪͻȻһʱԪڣڷɽ˳ȥ
ڷɽǿԵһ㣬ХǰδеķâƣȻ˹ȥ
ǣЯǰδеķâ
ܵǷɽķâһʿ͸оǰδеľ޴Σͫ˲ɴʶ
Σգ
һϢʿɫ䣬ҪȴѾˣ
һѪаһӰͬ⣬ת˲֮䣬ͽʿüĸˣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫͬһʱ̱˳ӿڰųһ޵õ壡ܷɽõһƬնȾ޵Ѫɫ
Ȼڵʿɴ۾ͨʹӰ׹ȥһغȻû˿ֵأ
ʲô
ɽ
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û뵽ԪͷȻŷɽµķͷȻһӵڷɽѹ޿ֵվ
ѹֻԼԭԪһµԶԸļ
ɽǿ£ǰڵʿԭʵҲѾǿᵽһزǵҲ޷˺ǱԪķɽһնɱ˲ˣʵ˿£
ﳬǷɽ֮£Ҳ޷ܵסﳬ˫ȶЩǷɽʿüģͺ񿴵ԼǷɽɱһĻ
Σգ
ﳬᵽһ˿ΣյϢ
ʱԥһתӴ˳ȥǴǺڵʿӲޱȣǵҲ˲ֺ
Ҳֵֻܹѡ
ԪͷĿǷɽһڷɽӵﳬ͵ֵˣ˷ɽֻ·һԴʱ˿ֻ̣ܹӣ


ڷɽ»صԪǰԪĿؿﳬ
ﳬʹùݺԼܣô׵顣
ϣ
ԪһʱѪаӰͬʱХﳬ׷˹ȥ
ﳬǴǺڵʿʵ֮ǰʿҪǿᡣ˺洫ƿ֮ǿҵɱﳬϸо

ʱﳬһӰȻһһת˳ȥ
˺
˺
ڷɽԾ˹ȥ˲첲ϸһѪĿӣѪҲű˳

ﳬһĲҽһɵʱ䶼Ȼǰ񱼶ȥ
ﳬţ֪һԼвͻɽնɱ
ڿһߣֻзӴܳȥӴܳŷɽնɱΧ֮ڣֻܹ·һ
ﳬѾ׺ˣڲ̰ɱԪԼ̰Ҳ䵽һز
ֱϴĴʹﳬڷĿΪڼ޵Ŀţ̶Ť쳣ѿ
ԪɽϿţﳬһƻĶȻӹԼɽһܹӱܵһΣȴӱܲ˵ڶΣ
ԪһڷɽٶȺХȥﳬȥ

ܵڷɽӺ澢ﳬĴһͼڷɽնɱ
˭֪ȥȻһӴֻ״ˣͺӣһֻֻһѪҲ˲˳ȾһƬأ
ﳬһĲҽУȻͨһӾԵȥ
˫סȣ͵СȵѨλ˼¡׶ɽһѪӿˮעһ㣬ʱֹѪĻ²ԪɱҪʧѪˣ
ȻﳬվҪܡһվ˫һĵʹﳬͨϹȥ
˫Ŷ˷ɽһôܻܵŬҲǷɽƺͷХˣϢ˲Χﳬ׹ߵĺ䣡


144 
̹ǵķâɱõﳬ¶źս嶼ڲһ׹ߵĺﳬΧס˶ˣ趼Ӳһ㣡
ﳬҪȴѾˣֻſ˵ϣɪɪţԼ̼Ҫûһ㡣
ֻǹɱȴͻȻ˰Уһˡﳬ˺þãŻعͷȴڱķɽĶ׼ԼǷĽ⣬ɢ˵ĺâ˿һۣͲսɱ֮£¶ѾʪˣʪһƬ
ڷɽͺֻߣסﳬһﳬʲôɽͻᾢ£ֱӶԴ
ﳬţҲ˵ҲһΪڷɽѾסе·
ʱһŲ˹Ԫﳬ˹ﳬǰ俴
磬磬ңֻǷ£硭
ﳬһ˫۾־ؿԪ촽ڶšǵĵȷȷ̺͸ܵԪĿ
ٺ٣
ԪһЦﳬģ
ܼ򵥡ԹԻشҼˡ
Ԫƽص
ãããʣʡ
ﳬݺ˿ڿˮֻҪܹţ˵ǻش𼸸⣬Ǽʮٸ⣬ʱش𰡡Ԫǲˣκε˼ˡΪһС˼ʱܱԪɱˣո
һмˣ
Ԫѯʵ
ﳬѾĸԼˡڻûбˣԪ֪ԪŪ
ģĸŶɽ¶ҡǲߡ
ﳬһ
ǻںжˣ
Ԫѯʡ
ǹżҵĵ̣ǻûʲôǰ￴㣬͸˻񣬻ǲɱġ磬ǻⰡ
ﳬæһ飬ᶼҪˡ£ֻܹһѵˡ
֪ҵټΪʲôԹ
ԪɫһԼ˻ķɽɱô໪ֵµˣӦöԼޱȼɺ޲ŶԡһԼϢӦô˷ɿϹôһΣȻûӰ
һԪǾҪ֪ԻԼĺ⣬ӦøϣɱԼŶԵġ
ΪΪڱչһƷ
ʱﳬŵ
ʲô
ﳬĻԪɫһ䡣һޱ
һƷҾȻƷ
Ԫɫ˲ΪоĲ
ӰѪаƷѾǿֿµĵزһͷһƷԼǽһ޴в
ԭԪپһδǣʵٶȷ賤ôﵽǺ֮󣬺ͻԿҲʲô顣
ڻһһƷͼֺܶˡΪһƷ¾ǿҲ޷ƥаԪһǾ磬ǲֵܵһƷġ
Σգ
Ԫᵽһ˿ΣյźšҺ⻪ڱչ֮УһʱӦҲ
ԪһĿﳬϣâ˸š
ԪԻ̫˽ˣԸ񣬿϶ҪԶɱԼġȻôﳬء
ضǲﳬ˹Լﳬȴ⣬ȻҪɱԼС
磬磬ʲô˵˰磬ҪҰ
ʱﳬæԪʣ·Ҫ޳һ㡣ѾǰʲôٻƽƵ뷨׵ȥˣʱ˿̣ŵľǻȥֻлȥϣ𰡣
Уһġ
Ԫ΢΢ЦţµĴһ㣬ҲﳬϡԪô˵ﳬҲ˿¶Ц⡣
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Դ˵ʴȣǶԼĲ̡Ԫһ¾ӣ˭ҪɱҪ˭
Ԫת뿪ˡ
ȴԽδǣоԽԽࡣرǻһӴĶ֡ҵʵ̫£ȻܹӵƷµķ
һƷɽͿ˲ǧ֮ɱˡ֮ӵҪǿ
һƷǱƷɽǿٱ˵еƷܹ˲һУ
ƴʵԪɵİտսʤ񡣶Լδ֮ʮɵİոɵ
ֻǻͷһƷôԪͻԿ³ֻһǾ
ӵƷĻ񣬾൱һ¾ǿߣ¾ʹǾ֮䣬ǾصҪӵƷĻԪֻиһ·
ƷϴεӰһϴεӰԪԶȥֵƷܲԵֵġϾ鲢ս͵ķȻ̶ȸƷȵģ
뿪Ѱҿɽ
Ԫʱ˿漱е뷨ʵ̫ǿˣӵеķͿԿóڻֻǻҪǻҵĲǿ߳ԪĲ֪ᷢʲô顣
һǿߣѹ£ϣһܹɱԼ
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Ԫﰵšʱ䲻ˣʱڽδǡ
ﵽ˴Ǻ֮ԪҪͳȥϾѾԼˣҿҲԸԪ뽫ߡ
ȵ֮ԪȥżҡһУ뾡ɡ
֮ǰҵԼôȴԪһѡ
ܿԪ˶ǰæӭ
磬û˰ɡ
һĵص
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Ԫա
С꣬ȥҽĻժռáҪرȥˡڷô飬֪ǸŮôˣ
ԪǰΪºЩйϸ𣬵ڿ񡣺ܿԪƺʲôǸһ˿Ц⡣
ҩӦﳬµģڴҩǿ϶µġ¡ӦҲԼ췹ɡȻͽԼϡ⵹һܺõļıرǶԼָεˡ
Ԫ̾˿ֻͷһ꣬ѾˣûصˡȻԵ־ͺúϧɡ


145 δ
ܺãų˱󣬾һֱתţŸ裬ﲻ֪ж࿪ġ
ҩķʱҲ⼸СʱСʱһо췹ˡ
ԪȷʵһˡСܹ꣬ľֻЩˡ
¿ųںתһȦһߺŸһﰵ
ʵ¶Ԫĸйۻͦġ
׳գֺMENˣڱصѾټˡԼĺϲĻԼȥ׷ûҲûйϵԪˣԼĹϵ뿴Ԫ׵鰡
յˣҲǺ鰡
ʱѾȥ߰˸СʱˡóɵҲӦó˰ɡҪҪĻȥףأ
Ѱ˼ĥšܿĳӾͣһҴ;ׯУ˽ȥһƿϺõġ
ص˳¿ųɽ˹ȥ
Լıڣ˱ķ⣬ֻԪˡֳ˴ҩ׳Ǹɲһʱһദһлˮɵ鰡еŮģʱǼһңһ㲣ֽһһ㲣ֽͱˣôϵȻˮ齻ˡһӻúܡ
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ȻΪԼļıóˣ￪ĵĲУȻ˹ȥһƿңͷȴǿյġ
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˫§סԪĲӣǶ˵ԪĻС˵ĸо
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Ԫټңٳ嶯ҲӦýԼı˰
Ԫ˹ȥϡ쾭һ£·ԪֻܹˡӯޱȣⱧɡ
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Ԫ˹ȥµǰ
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ʲôҩңҲ֪
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㲻Ҳˡ´βˡˣϽʰ׼뿪ɡ
Ԫʵ룬Ҳûʲô顣ҪԲҲԼԼһˣʸ˵
뿪Ϊʲô
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С꣬㽫˵˵ȥˡ
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һֵĻ걻Ԫʹ׽һһȹ̵˱㷭ӿ˳
С׻ǴԵݣһ׽ǴԵҩͻɢȥγɻȵˡɢܹһУڴٺòˡ
ۻޱȣŷһеϢԪŰ˹ȥ
һǰδеȶԪð˳һһ亹ƤѪɫ
Ԫ˫Ҳǳţ֮䣬һɹһޱȣһ֮ɢȶȣñ˲
յʹԪÿһ缡ÿһڷӿ˳ʹ˲䴫Ԫȫ£õԪҪ˵ĸо˶ҪճΪҽˣ
δǣһαһ󡣵ֻоǿĻ˷֮Ż᳹׵õ̥ǣǿ
Ѱ˾δ֮󣬿ֵֻܵԪȴһ
ԪδǺ󣬿ӵҲ⣡ΪԪתߣĹ֮ϣԶԶҪһǿᣡټС׻֮󣬴ĹҲ߿ȵģ
Ԫ۾ĬĬתŹԪĬĬתۻޱȵ˾ͿʼˢԪ
һһˣˢţǰδеĸˣÿһطһط۹˲䱻һɾеļѪ̥ǵĸо»һԪ˶ĸо
ȣ
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һһ۹ϻļȡ֮ǿѪ⣡Ӷһ壡Ͼɵ۹ģȫµĳģǴǾڣ
ԪҧأĬĬţƾ˷ˢԼ


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µɴ۾ס˺Ըе촽ǰŷ˶ҲǸӿʱҪĳһ
֪Լ뿪ôһʱ䣬Ȼô顣
꽫󲿷˵ˣȻԼԪһ޵ûô˵ˡЩ飬Ѿ㹻ˣ
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Ǹؿ¡ںԪһģЩԾǳԪģҲҪ뿪һױҲǹⲻȥˡ
С꣬ɵʲôǽãô˵ֻء˵ǰҪԪң֮͡һǶҪͬˡ
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ѾԪŮˣȻԪ˵ʲôʲôԪԪĻȥһӣȵͷٳϾֻһŮӣκϲȥߵЩʱܹٸԪһЩ鷳òˡ
Ůһ𣬾ȴš˴ŰСʱʱ䣬Ԫ¥ˡ
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ﳬ˵ڸԼڷԼ٣߻񣬴Ӷﳬġ
һҪҳȻɵԪɲԼʱʱ̶̿Ȼ֪ϾԱ߻£˵İΣҪԪҪ͵һȫصĵطȥС
Ԫ۾ʶҲܸ˹ȥŶһһطŹ

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쿴ǳˣ
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²סɲعͷԪ֪ԪʱҪԼͣʲô
Ԫƿ˳ţ˳ȥ
С꣬ţҪҶȥȥ
Ԫƽص

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ŮˣҪ飬ǲԪҡ
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ţһǳǵġ
Ǻϴ˵Ŀⶼ׷Ԫϡϴһѱǹ
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һͷͬʱ˵Ժð˳˶ǸоĲ
ŶŸʲôɡ
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ҪԪ飬Ǽǲܵ顣
ҧҧʱ˿̣ѾԪˡȥҲ޼¡ֻվ
վ󣬸˺ץסһǹ𣬱Ԫ˹
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ӵϴ촽ȻԪǴǾߣǹҲôԪʹ˸ɫһӷɢԪΧ˹ȥҪΧסԪ
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С꣡
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㲻ҪԪа취ġ
ҧҧȻ˵ⳡЩգԪȻԼȥˣ϶İ취
ԪһбµˣܹӦκͻ״¶Ԫ˽Σ


147 
˳عͷȥ±ǹָԪҲǽŲѡ
Ȼ˵֪Ԫʵ֣ǱϾǱǹܣǱġӵɱ˿ǲգ۾ģһУ˲˵ģ
ź촽ԪķȥæԼȴʲô˸ԪҼʲôֻڳ濴š
ٺ١ԭҪŻٹʰ㡣ȻʶôھһǹҲã
һ±俴ԪͻȻ۶ǹһ£һӵ˳ԪХȥȻߣǹѵȵùԼǹɣ

мͬʱ˹µĶɤӿڡǹȴԪҲûж㡣ؿԪվķĿⶼסˡԪκε顣
ܿ죬Ǻ±ԭһӽӲˣһǹԭ׼Ԫüĵģӵȥһ¾죬ȴû˵Ԫֺӵ˵ϣ
һĻǺ±ڻ
ȻӵܹסʲôµʵҪ֪Ҳûô
±ڲɵ˿ڿˮһӵܹסˣһʲôˣ



վԪһ±ڲ֪ʲô飬ֻо͵ض׼Ԫĺ׿ǹֻǹɨ˳ȥԪϣȴû˵ԪֺȻһööӵ
ӵԪϣͺ䵽˸ְһ㣬˲䷴˻ԣְ嶼ûԪôӲ
찡Ȼӵܵס
һӾסˡǰҲѣϸ֮𾪵顣ΪôҲû뵽ԪȻӵҲסˣ
ʵҲ̫˰ɣ޵ˣ
»ûôʶԪʵԴʱ⾪˵һĻýرǰɽǵӿһŵ顣
̫ˣҾ֪ûµġˣ
ҲǾ˳ղһֱԪ飬ڿԪû£Ҳ˿
ղӵһ̣ŵĶҪɳءòײźԪ˽һͻƣϵɲʱԪ顣
С꣬ǽǣ̾˰̫˰ɣ
»ڸղŵУûѹ
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ǲڴҲ
ͻȻ껵һЦ
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һߺˡԪŲһΣһμԼܿóԪ
Ԫôգôǿ׳Ƿ϶Ҳɡ˵ģֽ˵ζ

ϣϴô죿
±һӾˡû뵽ǹԪǹӵȥȻ˲Ԫ
ʵֻڵӵӰſû뵽ʵоȻҲˡʵ˿º;ηˣ
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ǰһֻоԴһǰţţţһѪͬһԼ˹ȻһͷԵ˵ϣ
Դһ˲һغˣ
Ԫָһһöʯӷ˳ȥ
һ±ԱߵĶɫ䣬ҪͷһɾʱһöʯӾ˹ֱӴüĶ
һѪų޵õ廨Ȼһ±ڲҽһԵ˹ȥ۾ɵôģǲĵ飡ôҲû뵽ǻô죡һöʯӾ˽ǵǾͺһˣֱúϰ
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Ԫ֪ԼӲӵҲƣȻġ
ӵСһѡӵǲκεĺˡ
ԪһЦɱ±ڣӦûٸԼ˰ɡԪ±ڣºҲͬʱ˿Ů˶ԪǵޱȣһһԪİΣ
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Ԫɻһ£˹ȥֻ
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Ԫҵ˵绰ֱӽֻһӡȻתȥˡ

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ң֮ڣ͵ؽֻһӣ˲Ťսȭͷ˿ҧгݡ
һΪ˶Ԫǲߣĸû뵽ȻǸԪˣ
һʧ󽫣һʧ϶ҪϵġҪͻҽ͸ӼˣҪ֪ӵҲһֱʧ߰˸
ڻһʱ򣬱үʱԼɫδӰ˵λҲҪˣ
Ԫһж㺦ҵġһҪɱ㣬ɱ㣬ɱ㣡
ͻȻ˻ߵشٶšںò׷Ԫ٣ȴһӰ¶ˡҪѰԪ٣ûôˡ
ϾһԪҲһƻޱȵĽɫ˾ź󣬿Ͼתء
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ӡҲɹˡھͿԳɽԪԪںݣڿ϶Ѿ׼ˡΣҶҪҵ
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148 
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ԪʱΨһѡ
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Ԫ˵ͷص˳ӡ

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ԪԽԽԼһɿԪҪһ㡣ͺҪʧȥصĶһ㡣
Ԫͷȴű顣Ѱ˼óֻؼ绰˵һԼҪȥ顣
ҵʵ̫ˣԪڻʵͻҶԿԪʱ˿̣Ҫżҵ
⺼ݹżҲһûңԪĻ˫Ӯ顣
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149 ͱ
վʮӾҪվˡʼԪĻ뿪һˡ
磬ҲڵӣԼҪСעⰲȫŶ
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Ԫƽص˵ͷ
ˣһƽСģҰˣúôšƽƽŶ
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ԪŲƽءοƽСŵģ̶ȲԶ
ʹ㴦ҸΣաȻ᲻̤ʵġ
ҪƽԪϡԪûа취ֻƾԼϹ
Ũ⣬ٯٯر꣬ģҪѸڻˡһԵüƤҪˡǰɴ˰ôһ̸ͻӰ
ڸվڣкܶʼɵĿԪϡһεεĴŮһŮԼжӣȫĽɡ
ʼɵĿܹɱˣԪѾǧˣ
ٲãʱ仹ǹȥˡ˷ֱʱͻȻסԪĲӣǻȵӣԪһҪòһഺ嶼޲ԪĻ
ԪҲӦţǺС죬صطšԽԽ룬ԽԽ٣񶼺޲ʱԶͣһɲһ㡣
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ȥɣС꣬һġ

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˰ɡҲûôʱȥЩŮ˽ˡҵ׷ɱת˲һؼϵɡϾΣڵϦ
ԪҪ绰ʱͻȻԼûֻһûдֻϰߡʱһõ绰ͤ˹ȥ
磬ֻ
һȾͷԪ˹ͳһµƻֻ
ԪһԼҪ绰ôʱֻˡ
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ԪҲ˵ƣ˿ëֻ꣬˫ֱֱԼǮǮѾԼ˵һﾡ̰顣
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Ԫ˵ţ˵ţͻȻëһֻԼֻ˹ȻһֻǰһǮζóˡһЩ·ȥˡһˮһëƭӻҪ죡
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150 
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ԪǶ̺񵽱˵ģëƭӾֺǺǵҪһţһŸոյõһǧǮԽԽǷŹ⡣
һǧ鰡ٺ٣ֿȥȫףݸ˫ɷ񣡡
ëƭЦȻŶһҪֻ绰һģͻһ߿һǰš
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һӻëƭʹᶼˣޱȵĲҽУҲŤ
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СȻԵǲò˵ʵǺǿġӦòʮ˾ңѾﵽ˴ǺڣѾǼǿˣʱգҪΪ¾ǿ߱ضǰ϶һʵŬһ㣬õһЩԵ̤벻ƾҲûܣ
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СһɫżˡСǿʤӣԿؼԪЩﲻҪԪһ
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СԽԽˣҲԽԽ죬һƷ飬ͬһ˹
Ԫ˵һˣõһǽǣû·ҲȥˡȻСƣԼʾȥҲˣһɫƿҲã
ԪͻȻһһӰȻֱӴ֮вŶһ˹Сɵ
ʲô
С쾡£ۿԪȵ˽ͷΪҪԪˡ˭֪ӰһȻֱӴԼƷмķ϶˹ȥûƷ磬Сɲɵһûпأŷˣ¾ڶصǿҲûʵ
һֲĸо˲˹Сȫ£ΪоԪϢԼﻹ˵Ц
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Ҫ
СɾһȴܿƵķ˳ȥֱԾ죬Ǹ߸ߵǽڵȥҵĶԺһƬضɽҡ
һԺӶ綼ûһ㣡


152 
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ԭԺΧвڰţǴʱ˿̣СɹŶСԪ˳ȥ˶ɴ۾·𲻸һһ㣡
˲۾һŵӣȻ˸ҴŶС㣬ǳıӵɣ
СǴǺڵʵȻҲˣ
찡ҰСӾȻô󵨰СҲҴ򣡡
ˣˣСӲڹżһˣ˲ܵˣ
ǡ̫ˣҿҰСԶһ㣡ȻСϳΪͬǾ군ˣ

һһ˹ȻǶԪСӳȥ𾪺š
ԪνСҲһá˭ǰԼһˤġԼһǽˤҲһһԪƣһνӡƯŮ˼ˣŮҲʲô¡ǰôŮ˲ãԴʶѩ֮оЩŮ˻ǿԴġ
νŮ첻Ϸߣ
Ԫ˵
ԪҪɱ㣡
һʯ쾪ļ˹ȻǹСȻԺ˳Ԫǰ
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СģԪȴЦ̯̯֡
ðɱҰֻҪɱҡ
Ԫһ޺ģСҲǴǺڣʵȷʵǺԼȣȻͲ˼ˡʵԸС죬ߴǰڵߵû⡣ҪԼԣǴˣ
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С㣬ںһ˼ƽϰһȵ˰
ǰС㣬Ȼǵһα򣡵ղһǽˤҲˤúƯŰһҲӰӢ󰡣
С㣬Ӣһֱӡ޷ĥ޷İ

ʱһһ֪ƮڰԪ˵ôԪоСŮȴƺԽԽŭأ
ҡҪɱˡ㣡
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Сɣˣ
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Ԫһɫˡ¾ǿʵ̫ˣǾʵ޷赲ͺһֻһֻѹһ㣡ϵҪ赲Ӵ쿪ݺúܣ

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һ֣ʵȻǲͬ죬İһ˲֮䣬Яž֮ѹնɱһУһӷƶΪ֮ɫˣ
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СҲ̲ס૵˷ܵ顣ղԪͷһͷ˵ʹ޲ѡ
ڿԪԼˣȻǿĲѡһֱĿУȻԼҵ׽㣬Լ۸˾϶һسˣ
죬Ѫ
СﰵһһֻҪԼҽ㽫ԪҲԼңһĵԪҲͷζ


153 ŷ
¾ǿߣǿֲ˹Ԫһ߲վȡʱǰһ޴ķҲʧޡԪѾǴˡ
㣬ĵȥһư
ԪȻס˹ŷһ˶ǾޱȡСҲæŵ֪ΪʲôԪӲûеȥСɾرˬ
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µڶؾֵȫһԪǾԳܲסġŷ˸ղһӦֻ˲ɵʵɵʵѾԼǺˡ
ԪվԺǽ档
Сÿ֡
Ԫ˱֡
ʵҳԾ
һ˳Ȼһһޣ˰ŮȻԪ˳
һѣ貣ԡķˣһ߳ʣ˲ұӡ߹欣ʣ·˼䣬׾Ըޣõ˶һ˿Сͬı΢
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㣬۸ҡô
СһίصһԪҪԪˡ
ԣɶǿʤһЩǰżҴҶ㣬ԲԽԸ㣬Ҳһ顣
˹СɣԼãŷһ飬Ȼ𱸵Ļȴǰ
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ŷ˵ĻСɲҷֻǺݺݵһԪȴǼǺˡԪֻǱСĵһΣһҪÿ
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ŷʱԪǰһ˫޵ӴԪ
áԸ͹żЯֹ
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㣬Ҫ˵æ𣿿ҿòˬ
ԪԼһ٣˭֪ȴõ˹һĴСɵȻˬˡƨɻʹˡС󣬻û˸ҴԼƨɣһ뵽Сҧг
СɣԪǸԺǹżҵһ֡㲻Ҫѹϵֽˡ֪СӡԺżһҪء
ŷ˰ؿ˹Сһۡ
Ŷ֪ˡ
Сɵ˵ͷ֣ٵƨɴҲҪˣ
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ǹŷһ㣬Ԫܹȥ²Ҫʮʱ䡣ĹҪ·ֱ仯ˡҪٹʮ꣬ͻ˲ƾ磬ʱ綼ˣ
ԪŲǺڵʵʵŷҪԸ׾١ܹ£Ȼ£ԪżҽĻŷ˻ɱ󻼣

ŷҪԪõķ䣬Ȼõķ䣬ļҾ߶ϺõľɵġЩľĽɢ㣬˵Ϊͨ˵ٵĪá˵洦ࡣ
ڣӦоУĺš
ʲôҪĻ뺰һˡһᰲźġ
ܼҶ
Уá
Ԫ˵ͷȻܼҾתȥˡʱԪڷһһ׼䣬䶼ľʵģɫ㡣ƽԣҺӣּҾ߰ڷȴûƻɫʡΣӣľһССĲ룬¶ֵ
⻹õ᷿ˡ
Ԫ⡣

ʱ洫˹Ԫüͷһ壬˵ͷ

Ŵ򿪣ĳŮ˽ԪصͷǴŶȹ¶˰޳ĴȣǰѩױҲǳֳ߷޳ǳ໹ģȴǰһˡ
ǹܼҰźģĻԻŶ
ԸеĳŮɶ˵˹
źң
ԪһĿⲻɵĳŮϡɨǸʵɽ޳Ĵȡƺźֵʲôһ㡣û뵽żҵչ˻ôԻ
УſڵŰɡ
ԪҲѣϾ˼ҵһ⡣
ǡ
Ů˵꣬תŤŷ˶ƨɳȥˡ˷󣬾ת˷š
ۣ⻹⼸һܹסϹżõ᷿ء
ǰ˧翴ͦ۵ģֵõżӣ϶Ǵͷˣ
ǰҪܹ˧翴Ͼͺˣ
Ƽ˵ʲôءֻ˶ѡ˵˼ҿ϶Ůƣῴ𣿡
ǿɲһҳҲοرEֱŶ
һŮͦͦءͻȻԼ·¶֪ô˧ĻӦô͵·ܹ׽Լĳֳ
ȱÿأ
һŮƺҲЩģԼ޳ĴȡͦͦءڷڵԪȴƺѾ˯ˡûٺ˵һ仰ҲûнǽȥһΡ
Ů죬ЩԼˡ


154 ƨ
Ԫص䣬;˯ȥˡ˹żңҲ˲١ֻſżôŵˡһŷ˵һͻ¾ڶء
ؼ˵ż˲ŵ㣬Ԫż˹ŷһŮˣӦóһ졣ǸСȻԵһЩʵǲδӦһ֮ġֻҪٹʮ꣬żһǿ𣡵ʱĹҸҪ޴仯ˣ
Ԫڴ˴Сʱžͱˡ
ֵܣˡ
ؼش˹
Ŷ
ؼԪӴ߹˷šֻؼһЦվſڣͷźþƺͿѼ
ɡ
ԪؼԼżң˭֪һͱżСл϶ؼûùΡ
ǺǡֵܹȻֲС޲ڡһûмС佱һء
ؼȻ㽫ƺԪǰ
СҲǸ
ԪҲ
³ȥûüֵܡԷһ롣
ؼԪɫЩԾæϵһ룬Ȼ󽫾ƵС
һôҲҪС
Ԫ˾̳ӡȻ˵ؼԪǵֵܵġ
ã룡
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á
ؼôˬԪһûƢ˱һߴںȾƣڳ

㷹֮ؼŻȥˣԪһͦŸ˴Ϻ˯
Ԫʵԣֻ˴УȾƾԪ˴ϣһ˯ˣ˹Ůվŵš
С㡣
һһµŮ˹Ůæ
꣡
СһȵŮɲҪ˵Ȼƿ˷ţ˹ȥ
ǰԪͷһСɿǼǵһһҪһСԪ˹ȥԪ˴Ϻ˯ģǸһ˿Ц⡣
ߣԪǰƨɣҾͺݺݿһ٣
СɴһѹӣɢŵĹâȻ߸̧߽һӾԪϳ˹ȥ
һӴۿҪƵԪˣ˭֪ԪͻȻۣȻһȻ㽫ǹӸץУ
ʲô
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Ҫº֣㻹˵㣡
Ԫץס˹ӺЦﵽ˴Ǻڵʵ֪֮ǿСʮ׵ĵطˣ
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СɿԪˣȻȥˡҪ֪ƨϰԪһƣڻۡȻٱԪˣ
Сɫһ䣬Ҫܣ˭֪ԪһԾ˳һץס֣
ſң
Сһתһźɨ˹ֱӹԪĲӡһȺɨĴʯͷҲáֻû뵽ȴԪһѸץסˣ
Ԫһץס˹СɵȺһЦһֱӽСӵ˴ϡ

СɾһҪתû뵽ԪѾסĺ󱳣á
ſңԪåſң
СʹôȴҲʼ޷ԪѳȥʱԪӴ߽˺ݺݽС˫˫Ÿ
Сɹ龫ֵģ˭֪ỹԼʲôյǽݺݵһȽϰȫա
ԪС󣬹Сȴʹ
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Сɴ
ȻãҾ㿴
Ԫɫ䣬˰ơ
ž
͵һƾСɵ̵ͦϡһȥʱ䣬̵ͦξ͵ӿǷˣ
һʹҲŹСɻ´˹ȥԭͱԪЩ׵ƨɣʹҪСᶼҪˡ
ԪҴңҪ㣡
ԪСſңԪҪ߽ȥ
СɴСûܹίءǵһ˸Ұƨɵˣ
ͦͦ
ԪͷҲǰû뵽СȻͲ󣬵ȴôáƨɻԲ̣ͦȥССͣѾԺ˵ðԪ·ѾһߵľȽȽˣ
ž
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һƳȥʹ˹СһӾͿ˳
СԽǺԪʹԽ˭СԣƢǷʰݺݴһ٣ǲ֪ģ
ž
ԪһƳȥ˹СɵϡһǻԲξ͵ԪҲǳûݺץһѡ
СԭϸƤģûб˴ԪִݻĴܵʹడһһҧԪȴǺ޵˹ͷȥˡ
رԪ۸ĻһеĲλƨɿŮӺҪĲλô㱻أԪݺݴɱһˣСɿ¶ѾɱԪٴˣû޹һˣ޵ݶڴţ


155 ɢ
СǱԪƨɻۣģʹ󣬾ĵ˹
һ˹Сȫ£ֵĸоȿʼоǺǿңԪһĸоЩܲˡ

Сɲɵúһлһ˿΢ֻںУûб˲ѡ
Ԫƨɴˣһһƻš
ԪϳĸоȴԽԽǿСǺ죬ɬޱȣû뵽ԼȻֵĸоָое

ԪȥСɷһ˵ʶЩ֣æҧӣһƬߺ졣˵ĺϼһ㡣⽿ޡ
ôңôϲָо
СһҡԪڴԼԼôôԼֵĸоָоԼϲһ

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Сޱȣʵ벻ԼΪʲôֵĸоȴͻȻ俪ʼϲָоˣﻹԪһƵĵ
ʱԪȴͣ
һ˽ʮ£ԪҲЩᡣرǿŹСɺö˶һƨɣԼöҪˣԪҲЩⲻȥ
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Ů첻ϷߡеԡСɴСûô˽ѵԼúúʰһѵۡʡԺ󻹸ҵ
һ󣬹СȻſ˴ϣһˣ죬ǹࡣ
ԺҪǻҾʹƨɣ
ԪװݺݵȻֽ⿪˹Сϵӡϵӱ⿪ԺԪΪСɻݺݷԼ˭֪ȴݺݵԼһۣȻת˳ȥ
Ԫһ˿졣
Сѵһ٣ĹˡҲǺ°Ů˾Ҫƨɰ
Ԫɵÿ̾
СԺԪҲ˿ʱ˴˯ȥˡ

ݻһվţ˫Ŀ罣ܱһɨԱߵ·˶׷׵ͷҿĿ⣬ܾ˻͸¶һɿµѹһֺ˲١
٣ѾڻʼҾƵ˷䡣
ʱһ±˻ǰŵ
û˵ֱǰһ˹ȥܿ챣ڴ˳ţ˽ȥɫķʻ
һݣǳԪġֻǺôҪҵԪɲô׵顣ѣҲһҪҵȻǹżҵĵ̣ǻںҲһЩġ
ԪĻʵ̫ˣԪɵĻ񶼲֪ôͻүӽοԪ·ϾͻħħԺһӶгϢ

һ죬Ԫ˹żҡǹСԴϴαƨ֮󣬾ҲûйҹԪˡ˵ϣһŮԪǰ
Сȥһˡ
Ŷ
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ǰ濴ȥһѣ߹ʵĹŷ׵λϣǷ绪ѹȫơ߹ʵþͺһŮʣ
С㡣
Ԫ˱֡
ԪˣܺãǾͿʼĻɡ
ŷ˵
һοҪǰϽɽѰɫߵģһҪ飬ݲ÷ĺһ鶼ҪӳС
ɫҲ˹ŷˡŷ˵һ˫ҲԪϡ
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ŷ˹
ʲô
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ɢ
ŷһܿ˶һɫƿӹˡ
ɢҹżƳһֶŶҩֻҹżҵĽҩܽ⡣ɢ˼壬ºᷢѪͬģȫöֻҪҳҹżҡҾͻҩڿѡ񲻷ýҩ
ŷ˱˹ԪȴҲû룬ֱӽɫƿ˹һһöɫҩ͹Ԫһ̽˶
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ɢȻǶԪ˵ʲôԪİɹеļССɢĶԣȻҲڻµġ
Ѿȥˡ
ؼһ
á
ؼĻŷ˵˵ͷ⡣û뵽ԪϡԪֹĿ࿴˼֡ûȥѯԪĵϸԪҲûжκεĲϣ⵹һܲĺ顣
ôǾ˵˵һεļƻɡŷɫһ


156 ƻ
һǴϽɽõһöɫ߳һöζɢһǧ˰ףöɢǧ׵ľ룡ǧ׵ľ룬ѵɽ㹻ɫȻ͵ȡߵˣ
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ԪһԪǹżҵˣԪܹżҿܸǲߣҲһǾߡЩˣԪȴǿԶԸġû뵽ŷ˰ȫ棬Ԫ˵ͷԹŷֶ˼֮ġİţָȷ˭ȻֻܹѡһЩصˡ۵Ԫͻᱻ˺Ե


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ܿŷ˴Ԫܵһ·ǰУһ֮⡣Ҽªֻһӡͼʯšʯţŷһӹ
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һιŷ˽ͼԼ·ȴԪԼƶģҲΪ˷ֹв鷢ȫȨԪȥԪԡ
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Ҫǵ⻪ѾüĶˣߵɴ۾һŵģֻһѪԼǰͬˮעһȾһƬգ
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ƻһһҹȻԼġڹŷ˵ĵһ⻹Ϣɢ⡣Ԫȴнİ취
Ԫͷӵ飬ֻҪӾͿԴ߷ˡ֮ڣÿһöðһöӡɫߺɢȳζĶֻҪŪͲõı˷ֺ͸ˡ
Ԫһţһ߽öɫģһ˳һ¶һöɫӡԪպ˰ɫӡӵȳĹ⡣
ֽһöеȡ˳öӻ״Сͨ嶼ǰɫģɢžӨĹ󣬶ûһ˿һζæЩԪӣֱǰ˹ȥھǴߵԱߣЩδֳܹĶ


159 ϵɵ
ݼˣǾȻԪƨϢûСһվ̨ϣĺݣз羰۵ףһУҲ¶
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κˣŷ˶벻Ԫ𳵵ġϾЯȳ֮ζΨһİ취ƫƧĵضΣٵĵضΣŲᱻ֡һѡ𳵣ױ˷ֵġΪȳζڵĻܡ
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ԪָоɽѾԼѪĻѾǹĪˡӰѪаڵţƺıԪڡ

뵽ʲôԪɫһ䡣ǰɵʯ˵һڹ־Ԫ͸о֡ΪϣûһھϲġھйŹԪ˹ھȻԪķҲҪա
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161 ž
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һʶԼʧ̬æԪˣһžµߺ졣
Բ𰡣ңʵ̫ˡ
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ԪָָߡʱǲѾ۾һ㣬ĬĬؿɵʯæ˹ȥסĸ׵һֻ֣ᶼˡ
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Ԫ˴⣬һӳܻôһ죬ԼԻص磬ȻһӰɡ
ʯĸ׺úطһ֮󣬴ʯĸʵ̫ۣ˯˹ȥڿɫԽԽãʯǸޱȡҲǿԪһĸм
лл㰡硣
Ԫһм
ǰ磬ҪҪû㣬ңǶ
ɵʯ̫ˣ˵ЩᣬӽͰˡм飬Ԫ
ĸĲӦûʲôˡٺúϢûˡˣʯȥǼǿľɡ
Ԫκ˲ĸĲҲȥǿڹ־ˡϾԪΪġ
磬Ҵȥɡ
æԪκ裬ǼĶˡԶԪҲǳ˸мġ
á
Ԫ˵ͷ͸ź˹ȥűصöˣżӶţԪϸȥΧһûС˷źæԪȥˡ
ھŹֵúܣֻҪĶһͻᱻȥʲô֮ģɲҪ
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ΪƷԶԶͨȵģ̱Ҳܰô
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162 
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ڹžǰҲһͲ⡣ͷ֪ʱһԪǰ˻ΡõԪǰԪʾġ
磬㿴
ͷ˻Ρһɿ֡һͺһǣһ㣬ɵһ¾˽һھ
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ԪüͷȷھйŹˣ϶̱Ĵڡ
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Ԫ˹žǰ
ȥӰɡھʮء
û˵꣬ԪѾȥˡʮľ
磡
Ԫȥæ˹ȥһģֻԪվ˾Ȼһ鶼ûУ
ʮ׸ߵĸ߶˵ȥˣʵҲ̫˰ɣ
Ԫͺһһ㡣Ԫ˾󣬾ھ׸ĵϴһ¡Եһ˾֮󣬾ѾʧˡôѰҲѰ
⻹һľ
ԪһϹ˾ȻһһµһһٹθɾƵ˺棬Ԫʹš
ĵ漫ӲԪߣϵľͺǿһһµܿͽٿˡģһɫӾͳǰһǿʹ˹
̱裿
һɫĹӣԪ¶쳣ϲ顣Ȼû뵽ԼһξȻøõһ̱衣Ǽ˲õķ
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һӶѡʲôҪ
ԪһЦһ̱ƷԣȴûбԪڵõˣÿùԼʹáǿ󣬵̱ȴǶԸ
Ԫһ̱˻ڵӰѪаͲĵ˿־Ҫ֪̱ԷΪʳģҪǷ̱ǳ׹ҵˡһ̱ԪϣӰѪа˿־Ȼǲ̱ͬһ
ԪȴûдǣȻ˿ڹžһԾһץס˾֮ϣݺȥȻٶһԾ˵ϡڹžԱߣǰһĻɴ۾˵Ȼû뵽Ԫʵôǿ
ʮ׸ߵľԪ˵ȥȥˡ˵ˣʵҲ̫̬һЩɣֱǵӺ͵Ӱܹţﰡ
ˣǼҵĹžˡˣзûУҪȥ˯ˡ
ԪҲڵ
ãҴȥ
ԽԪһˣæԪȥϢû뵽ԼɵӸȻһôκԼĸ׵Ĳ飬ԺĹžҲŪˡһ˰
ԪһªСڣ˷ţҵһЩƲ̱һɸɾ
̱øɾ֮Ԫϸ˿ȻһƬɫģԱ֮ǰࡣԪָݺҧһ£һһѪӿ˳
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̱˷֮󣬻ܹԶһƷĵȼܹƷˡ
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ֻҪ̱賹ˣʱӵзߣԪҲ㹻ʵԵֵ
Ԫ۾ǰɫ̱ѾƮԪǰ̱֮ϣתŵĹ⻪
һ˿һ˿Ԫ̱֮תš

ʱһһšתۼһϾ͹ȥˡڶʱԪ̱Ѿ˽ϵ̱費ѰķҪѶȸԪֻܹһһԲ֮ܲ
磬Էˡ
洫ʱԪ˳ȥڷ⣬ɵʯĸѾˡóɫܺáѾ´Էˡ֪ԪԼ֮λĸ׶Ԫʾ˸л
Ԫ˵ͷһλĸױʹˣھɹ֮ӦûӺϺܶࡣٶ궼ʲôˡԼɵʯõ̱裬һöɹĸףҲΪˡ
ԪسԷ˷ֻ֮ȥ̱ˡŵȵϵʱ򣬾ͿԳ׽̱ˡ˵Ҳ֣ԴԪһ֮ɵʯͷһڹžĹŹִѾʧˡȥǹžҲὫչȥ
ԴˣɵʯȻ֪ԪģԪӾͬѰˡ
ҲʱʱúԪкһЩˮʳȥҪԪúദһ£ҪһԪڷЩʲôæЩʲô
һ˫۾ԪãҲûпԪʲôֻԪ챧һɫš֣


163 ؾ
ɽ壬ǰһжǾĵġżмУõɽķΧԵӣ򵥣԰
һգȴһһµĿӡӴŶʮģһװ˵ߣ˹ͬһķ
˶͸¶һɷâȵ£ֲĸоΧԲʮڣ˲ĺ䡣
һţһ·ѯšԶԶ㿪ƺѹֵӽӴһЩ㲻ģһĿͲĲֻηηӭȥ
ڣǸ򡣡
·ָָɵʯҵéݡ˹ȥһллҲû˵
һߣǻĹؼҵߣؾѾǴڵʵˡ
ڼǰ˵СһľߵıֱоһھЩ֡˹һľпоʲôصķ
ǣ
һԵ˽ﱾܵ˽䱸֮ġ
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ĿڷһɨԺ˹ȥ
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һľӵǰȻ˹˹ĵģߴͦΣ˭֪ﶯʲô˼ͷĻ˿ǲ١
Խǳ˧ˣܾԽԽĻһӺǽ䱸
ÿ
ȴƳһۣһõһսȴҧվûкһ
ؾҲû뵽Ȼͨ˸赲Լɫһӳˣһɱð˳˲γǰδеǿѹѹһγɣǵؾѹ˹ȥ
һ˲֮䣬ͺһɽѹһ㣬¶Щʱȴҧס˼ǾûÿôҲû뵽һİͻȻоһİʵ̫ˣ
ס֣
һ£һ䷿䷿Ŵ򿪣һ˹ؾɫһ䣬תͷȥÿԪ˳
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ԪҲڴؾĿؾϣһ۾Ϳ͸ؾʵڶѡؾɢŵַâԵȴǳԾ
ȻؾͨߣڽһϣǿΪ˸Ԫһָоһѽ
ʣննأˣİԵͷâƣһۣҪѿ
û뵽һžķѾõ˰ɡóɡ
ؾͻȻЦʵ
ؾǳǹžͷķԪԼһôȻžͷķͱԪȥˡȻѾԪȥˣôԼˡ
ԭҲǳŹžķģԪʼЦЦ
ȷʵǵõˡɡҸط㡣
Ԫƽص
ķԪܲܺӶְɡһ֣˵˼Ӷᱻݻٵ֧顣ԪϲŮˣرƯŮ˵棬չʾԼһ档Ͼһ֣һһŮѪȵһ棬ʵǲáԪɲεεĵŮ²ĥӰ
á
ؾ俴Ԫ˵ͷȻԪ
뿪żҪȥȴԪһĿֹסˡѾоԪͨˡͬʱҲоһӺѶԸѣԪ顣
һ·ѵĵ·ԪһƫƧ˹ȥؾؿ֪ʱؾͷѾһѷɫɢź⣬֮ϣ㺮âתһһԪ֮оȻȻü亮
ԪСоתؾ
ѹؾڵʵҺԼһǺڵ߶ԿԭΪͷôһƷԵʡԪֻЦЦȻ˫֣Ҫžķ͵ÿû¡ɱңǷȻġ
Ԫƽص
ʶôĶؾؼҵߣСʲôˣֱҲɱ֮
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㣡
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һɫĳɢȥܹѸοⳤϬһܹ˲˽Ԫһ㣡һķâֱָ飬񵨲Ҫѿ˵ĸо
ֻǰδеķâһԪȴɫƽʱͻȻһɫӣǰһƣؾޱȵĳӭȥ
գ
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164 
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ô£
ؾɫ䣬ûпһڷءȻԼľӽҲֵܹסʵ̫ˣ
ؾоЩŹ֣һҧæҪھӽؾһӽȴôҲʲôסһ㣬ܹˡؾһǾӽһһ㱻ٽȥ


̱ڣһԼľӽڱ̱һһڵĳһ㡣ǾӽҧõĸоҲ˲䴫ؾ飬ؾëȻĸоڱɾ׽Լһ㣡
⣬⵽ʲô
ؾɫһ䡣Ȼ˵ڹžĹ죬ȴû뵽žķʲôΪʳķûмء
ؾɫɷѿһſӣʱѾޱȣͷϣ˫ҲóһƬҪҪɱ˳Ѫһ㣡
ٺ١
Ԫʱ˿̣ȴЦѾ̱賹Ϊһ壬ܹ׵׸֪̱һСܹо̱һһؾľӽ
ھӽƷҪǱԼ̱ˣ֪ܲԼ̱ΪƷһмѾ㹻Լ̱رʳһˣ
ԪɵǷһ˫ĿؾϣǴŹЦ⡣ؾ粻ʱǸԼͲ

žӽһһȥؾ·¶ĳ׷ӽһ㡣һĲҽУȻɿ˾ӽֵĻԼ˶Ҫ̱սȥˣ
ٿһ⻪Ǿӽû̱֮УȻһ׽˹ɫ̱ڴڴڳţ˻
Ԫܹо̱ڷԶĿ֣ԼҲſ
ԼϵӰѪаҲһ£ǿ־ηη
Եģ̱һӽһƷԵֻƷӰѪаȻоºͿ־壡һһڲزţ˼Х֮ĸо
ԪȻ֪ӰѪаĻҡںܶ£̱ǲܺƽദġԪһӰѪаϣᰲǣõѪаӰƽ
ʱԪٶȿؾȴؾӶɷҪԪһɱһϾһƷ˵Ҳޱȵġȴ˶ˣֱκ˶޷ܵ飡
쵰ҵľӽ
ؾŭȻȻԪɱһȭ
ؾȻһȭ˳ȥԵǿĹƱѹ˳ȥǿһȭЯǰδеۻ˳ȥ
һǿȭƣܹÿռ˲Ϊ֮Ťһ㣬ԪһȭǧľʯҲܹɷ飡
ֻһȭԪȴǵһЦȻһȻץȥ
Ԫһץ£ؾ͵Ĺ֮ϣƬ֮䣬ؾ͵ĹƾͱԪ˲仯⣡ȻȭͷͱԪǯһǯסˣȻˣ
ţԪһۣ

һ֮˹ؾ˲ͱԪ۶ˣϵĹͷҲһӱ˺ü촷ۣ

һ̹ĵʹ˹õؾĲҽУᶼӿ˳ȻͨһӣϹȥ
ʱԪһ̧ؾ֮䣬һţʯͷҲ˲䱬ƣ
һ޴Ĳҽٴηؾ˵˵ϣ鴤ţʱȻûˣ
Ҫĵط汻߱ʹ֪ؾţᶼӿ
ڵţ亹ð˳
㣬СңؼҾԣԲŹģ㣬š
ؾʹغɫԪﶼ·Ҫһ㡣
ʱˣӲȻҪʲôؼвԪ
Ԫľ˸вԼԪ̧˽ţ͵һȥؾĲϣ
һȥؾĲϣһ󿩿˹ؾһᣬһ˹ȥһغһ˫۾ؾȴʼմŲʵŭ⣡ôҲû뵽ԼؼҵľӢ̳ȻһСӵ
ؾȻҪԼ鷳ɱҲǻá̱ܼȻ֪ˣҲûŵĿܵġһй¶ȥֲ֪ж׷ɱԼԶؾԪɱ˵ģ
Ԫ˿ΧСһƬûʲô̡Ԫ˿ɵʯ˹ȥ
Ѿ̱賹ˣôԼҲûҪˡҪϽϣȥɫߵȡС
ﵢʱ䣬ûнʮʱ䣬ԸϽɽɫߵȡ
ԪܿɵʯļԼͼɵʯԪĻɵʯԼ䲻ãԪתȥˡ
ѯһ·ߣԪһǰɳĹ·ķ˹ȥɳһĿĵأ


165 
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ڱ֮ڣһĿ࣬׵ĸߴӣȴڻǰͷ
ϻÿѣһӵģһһΪ֯ϴ󣬺죡
쵱ϴ˭Ҫͷģû뵽ʱ˿ǰǰȻͷ¶ǫһĻһĻеһĿ࣬ɴ۾˵
һ죬ֻһʱ䣬ҵ
תһƬ˵ϡȻԪɵʯڻϵƬǻԼҵϢ
Щ˵Щ
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ǣǣǡ
ú֯ϴ죬ʱȴһսսģæ˵ͷ
ȥҰ죡

ǡȥ
æת˱ݣѾһ亹ˡһߣŲڵʵܹһССĻ죬߳һͷ˶Ϊӵɽ֮ɱġֻкԼףҵ֧֣Լƨ
һ˻ңôԼӵеӴ֯ҲʱܸԼҲһָͷġҲɵ
ϴ󣡡
ϴ󣡡
һ֣ʱվŵĶʮౣæ
ŸʲôҶһҪҽǽԪСҵ
Ļͺһ䣬Ҫûɻȫ񣬵ȴԼĽѾԤϡ
ʱʮæһһתȥˡ

Ԫһ·ӣܿһͨɳĹ·ǰɳʮСʱĳ̣ԪܵƾԼĽӹȥ
ϾڻֻǴǺڵʵûǿֵزӵĻٶҲࡣ
Ԫڹ·ųӣӲûкܶࡣȥˣԪţԷȴûͣ˼ＫƫƧӶûпж١
ԪüͷȻ˵ӵ֪ģҲᱻԽɳ򸾻غϣԪ˵Խá
ԪһҪصһ۲ȡʲôֶΡ
һɫСԶʻ˹Ԫţȴûͣ˼ԽԽ죬ʲôһ
Ԫʱܲôˣ˳ȥǰ

˾Ҳû뵽ԪͻȻ͵زס˼ɲھԪʮ׵ĵط̥ͣڵϴĥۡ
ӳ̽һŨױĨĽŮˣԪ

ŮƺݺݵõԪĪĳһ˵·м䣬Ǹ˶
ٻٻҲм¡һ˳糵ɡӳǻҲ֪
ﴫһӵº͡
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һΰɡѶպáĽҰҲס
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ӲȥɳģֻҪܹԼһҲǺõġĻһ˽ҲʵޣӰٶȡ
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૵˵һ䡣Ȼðɡѡɡ

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Ԫ˳ţ˽һŮӦԼԪľҪٳˡΪطʵ̫ˡòһǾԲŹġ
һ˳ڣԪ͸оЩԾΪǰ棬ǽŮ˵λԶһѵ鱦ȻˣԪܹɽһǡ
ԪֻǴ˳糵ģҲȥôࡣ˭һŮʲôءôһ鱦ЯǱӡԪȥôࡣֲǾ졣
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ԱһŮˣŶʮͷ쳣Ķˣһһ˵ĺӡ
ֻ嶼ԱߵϣԵöԱߵ˰ԪֻĵԪһۣûٿԪˡԪҲ˵ϺøУҲ˵϶С
ӻʻܿͼӿٶȡԽԽ죬һŮҲʲôڷϳһ㡣
Ԫ˿Ů飬ֿ˿⳵ӵ鱦·ʲôҲû˵ơ
һ·᫣ͣݲƽģӿܿ죬׶һ·ġԪߣ⳵棬ȴƽȡһҲûܵӰ졣
ԽԽãҲԸ뿪ϵɳһԼĿĵء


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ڻԸϹˣ϶ŹǵġʱҲֻ·һ֪³Ƕá

Ǻðɡһ·һһĵطͣͣɡ
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ˣˡСֵܣˣҲӲˡԲ㡣
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ȭͷյÿ졣ǶԼʹޡ
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СֵܣԲˡ㻹ڳϴŲҪɣҪܹһ
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촽俴⽿ĵٻٻԵĻĿⶼٻٻ⽿Ķ˵ϡ
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ݵԭҪȫٻٻڿֻٻٻȻһˣٻٻʹࡣһ֮ǰһҪ˵汳

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Сֵܣ߿ﲻ顣
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СӣǸҹ£ȥɣ
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ǷתȥǵԪȴЦʯһöһöŷ˳ȥ

һöʯӴԪ˳ȥһһǰĻӦԵ˵ϡ
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Ԫɫƽʱ˿ֻ̣һϷһ㡣ÿһ£ȴոһһһʻԼ£Ԫȴޱ飡
ʱ˿̵һ̵һû˿飬û˿ͬɱ˲գۣᲨһ£
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169 ɳ
⣿
ǰһĻ򸾶ŵˡر⽿Ůٻٻס˺ӣɴȵ˵ǰɽҲǲӿ
ԭԪؽʱٻٻЩˡΪһɷǡû뵽Ԫȴǽôһ鷳
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ֵܣһζˡɱ˻ԣҲһԺҪСһЩС
صһҪԪ֣ٻٻ֪ʲôµľ˵ԪǵľˡԪԺҲǷĵǡ
Ǻ֯ˡɱ˻ԣһŹġûϵɳмѡֻҪɳһĵطǾͲ̫ġ

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ǽŮٻٻһ˫ӿԪҲǴŸмǰһֱԪУȴԪһڻȫһЩԪԼûн
ʵʱٻٻﵹЩɻԪôһˣôгұƵء֮ԪĳһжôͿ°
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ΣյϢϤԪֺսĸоһϤڶԸԼһ
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ϾһԪ־ԪҲǸмѡ

Ԫ˵ͷ
Ȼ˱ʹ˷ֵˡԪһ·ɳ˹ȥɳ֮أңӣСһѶҲǺܶɳԭΪһ𣬶иԵı԰ȫġܶ˶Ҳûа취
ɳȥأѾԽϵĵˡһЩＫ΢һĺȥ
ٻٻӦǱɳȻȥͶٻٻõİɡȥһʲôأҲԽϵĵطӴ˲ٻˡ


170 ֱ
ŷ˸ԪĵͼԪһͼסˡ·ߵǼǵ
ɳظϽɽһߣ޾ϽɽԽķֽ֮һ
Ԫóֻͨһ롣ǹŷԼģǸʲô壬еĵ绰롣
ιԪСҹġ
绰֮ͨԪżɽ
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Ԫ绰󣬾һ·Ժеĵ·ɳ˹ȥֻһĬĬͨˣҲԵ࣬Ҫ֪ǱɳӦòʲô顣
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172 
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ԪŭһٶȾһߣǿƷѹȥһ˲䣬⻪ȥһ˫ȳ˴֮ڣ亹Ѫ
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Ԫôڶ̶ʱڣɳµһʵ˲ţ
ԪɱңҪɱңΪСʱҶԲŹģ
Ъ˹ȫû뵽Լһʦڹ׷ɱԪȻݱΪһ
Ľ޷ܡʱ˿ֻ̣һǾǻȥֻлȥܱ𣬲һһʧȥϺٹ⣡
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үүүүˡүүңүүҡ
ܵһɺǿϢæ˷ܵ񿴵˾һ㣬ᶼҪˡ
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ȻǲϵĿԪϣȻǧľ룬ԪɸоλߵѹͲַһĿ⿴Լ¶·һ㣬⣬ûһ·
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ãӽһҲɳһ˶Ը㡣Ҳһҵĵ¡Ӵ˾Ǿˮˮ߰ɡ
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Ԫһ䣬˻ҪԼ˻ԪǲܴӦġ
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Ҳʶ̧٣
зһһףƵ졣һҲ˹ҧгݣŭ⡣һֻҲȻ޾ʼֵԪ
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үӵͳŴŭ⡣һǿߣϵ£ûһ˸˵ȻҷĻϣֱǲˣ
˭Ǽ˭ʯͷ㻪ԺȻ֪컪ңҾɱҪǵңһɱ㣡ÿ
ԪͻȻŭһʱӰͻȻһն¡Яǰδеķâ£һǰδеķâһУ˲ͽ⻪үӵĴи˿

һʵ˹ض˾ס⻪үӻǧ֮⣬ȻǼСġն˴ֺڲʵʧˡ
ԪҶһëһ۱ضٲ֮࣡


176 ·
Ӱ˲佫һֻүӵĴնˡһַâη˲˿ȥ
Ҫ֪ǿǻڣүӣһǿ߰ŭĶҪϼİ
ԪһǾߣȻҺûүӽа塣ǵΪҪúܣڻӡ֮Уû˸ҺͻүаǿӲ̬ȣүӿ˶һ
ͬʱҲ𺳵ˣ
ڻүޱȵľηͺµģڻүǰ˵һ仰һ֣ʲôΨΨŵŵС΢û뵽ԪȻҺͻү
һ˲䣬ԼԪ֮ĲࡣԼΪʲôԪ
ΪһƣһַâûУô֮УûмһǾʵȻսƾǿߣǺεȵǣ
ҲֶĺڣԼõԪΪһעԼ޷սʤģһ˲䣬ԼԪĲ
ͻȻԪһĿ⿴˹˻ϡһӻ˶һս飬Ҫһ㡣
һ׹ߵĸо˲˻ɪɪֱҡָоͺϱ˶ϣ
࣡
࣡
˿ڿˮΪоϢүӶֲסԼϻ˭ֵסԼԪʵ̫̫£̫ǿˣ
磬㣬侲ǧ侲㣬ɱҶûкôġ
磬㣬ҡģɱûкôġ磬ǻüһңʣʣԿԳΪǿߣүүǰ֮ˣһ㡣ʱ򣬻еԴԽʹãʵͻͽģ
ǿһ£磬ǿԴţƵҡ
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ֻҪԪһԼͻ֮ءҪţֻԪģϧ¶Լ΢һĻ
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Ԫ΢Цŵ
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һһ뵽һҲԥæ㺰̫үү̫үү̫үү̫үүã̫үүŹҡ̫үү
æͺСһ㡣ֻҪܻţԸһе顣м̫үүʲô

ĺԪȴǴЦǻүǻүүԼ̫үүԼͳǻүӵӣǽ֪ǻүˣϻʲôı顣һܾʰɡΪˣȻôһ
еúáеҺˬܿġָˣҾ̫̫ûˣһҪɱ㣡Ϊ㣬˷ʳ
Ӱ
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Ԫ˵壬㲻úԪҲŹģ
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һ£һӻԴͱԪ˲նüԶ
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ԴȥüԶ۾ԾǲĵĵɵôģԪҪԪһµһ㣡
ˣ
Ԫ˿ָһӰص֮У˵ĹѪһӰɢŷĹâ
ȷʵˡ
ϸϸ˼Ԫ˿ϵĸ˲һ㡣
һ·Լӿʼڣ˵һԼͷʱʱ̣̿ҪԼ
ɱҲһֽѡֻǿϧΣѹԺ󽫻ӵĿ¡
Ϊһǿߣ
Ԫ֮ǰûŻүΪүӸŹԼԪװס
ǰү˵ĻֻΪʵȨ֮ƶѡһԼŹ˻˻үӵĹԼøҡôпᣬֻʵʵһУ
һǿ߰Ҫұүҵˡֳ棬ٺ١
ԪЦүӿɲȻ񣬻ʢ̷ֻǻүӣǿǲԣһ֣ض춯صġԼҪԪ԰ٷְȷԼֻ·һܵķӦУ
ʵ
ʵ
ұ뾡ʵС⻪үӣֻ
һǿߵвԪʶʵҪˣصĴ飬ʵȴֻ
Ԫڻһ飬ҵ˴Ȼæתȥˡ
Ѿò˶ûҵ˾ͻԪ뾡ɳǰȥغϲС
͵ɫߵ¾ʵҪ顣


177 ɳ
Ԫɱ˻񣬳׵ң֪ȴԼʲôӴܳȥǻĹ֮һҵǿµġǰֻһѾ㹻ԪԶԸˡҪ˵Ԫǻһǿߡʱҽìͷ׼ԪԪ϶Ĳ
һ·ŵ·ɳվƵ꣬һͣſڡǺ˵õ緽ʽ
ǱֻһԪæ˹ȥڳڣһɫŸ衣Ǽܡ
Ԫóҡ
ǰ𣿡
Ԫ˹
ֵܣ
ӿԪĿ⽻㣬ˣԪ˽ȥ¡
һдʮӣأùһҺʵĸо
һϳ֮оͿ˳ӡ
Ҵȥձݡҵһŵ㣬ż߹ġȥϽɽ顣
е

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ı߽УҲΪҵġӿһ£ڻ𲢡ŵɱѪɺӣһƬȻ˵ǿ鸾Ůۿȥһ춼ûпǰͳεĵط
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ƽ˹
Ԫ˵ͷǹżҵˣǴǺڵʵԴʵɳʲô̫ѵ顣
һ·ǰУܿһСС⣬Űӵĺվڷš
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дԪһ·ǰУһձݡ˳оԪ¥˹ȥ¥еļҡ
еһʮҵŮˣԸУźɫѣһԪæӭһ顣
ֵܰɡ
еźڹѸԪ߽˿ԪҲȥһڹѸü欣һ˫Ƶףֹ˵ζҲһߣֻǴǰڵʵѡ
ԪһΧǼ򵥵ҶɳҲǺܺеȻұݵϰ塣һ˵ݣǺ׽ڻ
֮оóֻͨһ绰
ǵġС㣬ԪѾˡձݡãٹ죬ҾͻᰲԪġܷġ
ڸŷ˴绰ˡԪû˵ɳʱոպáٹͿȥϽɽ͵ɫߵˡ
ˣֵܣأôûп㽫
пԪղһ·϶ԪϵζϢɾûŵ䡣
вİ취
ԪƽصֻǸԼжѣָȨԼԪûбҪ顣ǹŷ˹ѯʣԪҲ˵Ͼ⣬ϵ顣Ҫ¶ˣĹ߶ҪԼˡ
ΪɫߵӲٰ֪ٱ
ҲԣҲԡֵܼȻܹõżҵӣ϶ǷͬСɵġһֵܣһ˳СڹѸ϶౸ƲˣҪúдֵܡ
е
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ڹѸӦһŤŷ˶ΣȥæˡһԺܺļͥͨͨȷʵܺõڻߵݡеģôһҵôһŮšǰӮˡ

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ֱȻֱһߴ͵ӣ˫Ŀ罣ޱȣһ֮䶼͸¶һѹɭϵζĿһɨܿ˵ϱһϵĻʬϡ
񣡡
һ˿֮ɫæ˹˻ͷ­һ˫۾ɵĴģǲ֮ɫȻͷ­ӵϣٶ
ǻĶ壬Ҳ۰ˣ
Ȼɱ㡣ģһΪ㱨𣡡
ݺսȭͷǽӵүӵϢģ˭֪һȻˡһ̡
촦㻪Դҽ֣ҲܾȻˡҪܸҲ̫ˣ
սȭͷ˿
ӡأ
ĿѰҪѰҷӡ䡣Ҫ֪ӡƷڻ˵ҲޱȵġǻΧݺɨһ飬ȴûпӡڡ
ȻӡҲʧˣ
ɫɷ
һζڻ˵˵һ޴ĳʧ˻һԱ󽫣ӡƷҲʧˡԹʧǻҲҪеΣΪĬ£߷ӡġû뵽ڷӡȴʧˡ
һҪɳڵߣҲҪҳ
һ˿׺ݵ顣ź֯һӴֻ֯ҪϣҾһԶҳҵԪȻ֮أ
Ǹɫߵģûɲ˵ʧôһԱӢȻ޷ܻʧܡ


178 Ҷ
ɳվƵꡣһһ۵俴ǰԪ뱦ڣһ뿪Ǹһ˿Ц⡣
ʦ壬һֻǸϵɳһ·༸壬żתء
һʿǰ
ߣ
һЦ
ŷǺεȾ֮ˡҪõɫױߣȻˡؼҼһһΣȴ벶ȸںˣ
룬һ⣬·һжһ㡣ؼҵĳϣѾһصʵڱ˶ںΧ¹żҵʱȻһܵɳˡ

Ԫסм֮⼸ոûгȥɳȴ
֯ɳƺڷѰʲôֻɳ۸ӣǺ֯Ҳܳƿɳ˲СչȫѲѪе飬Ǵ˷ﲻÿʱÿ̶š
ԪÿպȲǼƽзʱԪ˵Ҳ䡣֪Ҫѯʣǹŷ˵˼ԪһŶشϢԪȻֻԼһ֪
˼֮з򸾾ˡ
һ죬֮һϣԪеĳ֪Ͻɽ˹ȥ
ϽɽӰᶫĽ֮ΪϽɽ֮ӴԾ壬Ҳҵɫߵ䡣
һɽ֮£ͣԪȺ˳
ֵܣ˴ҾͲˡףɹõɫߵش˴Ҿ㡣ĴϢ
б˱֡
ɫ߿Ǻޣһ˹ȥС˶˵Ļ״ݾߡԪǹżҹŷѡ֣ȻǴˡжԪҲǾԵķġ
á
Ԫƽص˵ͷȻɽ֮и˹ȥ
·Ѿѯ˺ü飬滮˲֪ٴΡɽ·ϤϾڵĵͼȽģССɽȫòԪ֪˶ٴΡ
һɽ·Ƨû̡Ҳɫֵ߲ԭڡ
Ԫһ·ǰţ΢ֻ⡣ɽܹɫߵˡԪ΢΢Щš
Ҫ֪ɫߵĹ嶼İֻû뵽͵ʱ򣬾ȻֻԼһ˵ǹƥĹȥ
ⲻòݹŷ˵ľİšûйŷ˵ľİţ¶ˣʱ˶ԪҪɫߵǲܵ顣
ԪǰţСܿһɽΪһɽ֮ڣĹɢɫߵڡ
ڵ¹֮£ܹǶڡܴ󣬵ȴ㹻˲Žȥ
ʱԪ˻ץöӡϸСӣɢŵ

żҡ֮Уһ޴ҺʾʾڣȻɫ߶ڵĻ档
Ĺ֮£Ӵģʮ׳ɫѻһСɽС֮£߸޴ߵŷɢŵɫĹâ
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ŷˣСɣؼվʾǰŲؿš
һǳɹת˼עʱԪֵܵĻǣϣҪɫߵӦòʲô顣
ؼһ˷ܵԪܹȥģһҲҿԪĻ֪ôɡ
һЩ壬Χںݣ֪żҵѾʼ͵ɫߵء룬ؼЩ˷ܡ
ߣɫߵ˵ɫô£Ҳȥһأ
һһµĹС졣ԪҪôһˣСƺ΢΢ЩҪ֪ԪһûʲôõĹ۸С
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ŷɫҲЩһʱ򣬹Сɺؼ졣
һμƻǽеú˳ˡǹŷܸоЩġ
öɫߵ˹ôŷ˹żҾͿԵõ߸¾Ļᡣ
ʱ߸֮УֻһΪ¾ĸ֡ôżҵʵ
ǹϵżδǰ;顣Թŷ˺ǿءԽҪнʱ򣬹ŷԽҪСĽΪһκ©пһжǰϾһΣǴ˴Դ
Ԫһжˣϣ㲻Ҫʧɣ
ŷҧʱ˿̣ϣȫԪһ˵ϡ

ԪóöӣȻֽóҺȥҺ彫öӰţһ˿˿ҲǴ˹öҺ֮£ʼѿˡ
ԪȻ֪Һ忪ʼˣöӻһɳӽһȵ·ʱɫ߾һᱻȥʱ䣬ҪáҲǰСʱڵʱ䡣
ʱ򣬾Ԫȡʱˡ
ԪɫߵĶ˹ȥСѹҷ˿˿ΧҲѰܵ·ߣһɫ߷֣ߵõߵҪܵġھɫ߶ߴԼԶʱԪſ˵һˡصȴȴɫߵĳ


179 ͵
Ԫſ˵ϣһھصȴšһжԤļƻ֮нš
ɫͺŮϵһֱһ㣬ûɫֵܹջһͺһ
һɫ뿪˶ߣǧ׵ľ룬ѵɽѾ㹻Ԫȥɫߵ͵ˡȥߵ·ԪҲǼסˡ
ԪΨһĵԼͻȻɫ߸֣ʱǿɾΣˣ
ΪɫײޱȣѰ߸޷֮ԿġԪ˾·һ¾ǿߣҲ޷ɫԿɫĻǸҪá
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ģʱһһĹȥıһȳϢζ˹
ζҹĴƮ
Ԫһ֪Һ£һᷢѿ󣬳ɳġڿȻûгԼԤ֮С
ԪϸЦ⡣ȻĿصĿɫߵĶߡ
ȳϢԽԽŨԽԽǿǶ֮ڵɫӦÿŵŶԡɫʼûг
Ԫüͷѵɫߵûеôǿͷɫ߸
ĻôԪ˵һѶȿɾʹò˼ˡΪ޷ɫ߹޷͵ɫߵ
ԪŵʱĹ֮£ɫ߶ڣͻȻһɫԴ̽ͷһ˫ɫ۾ĴתƺѰʲôȻӴ䶯˳
ˣ
Ԫɫһס˺ǰһˡ
һͷӴɫ䶯ʮ׵ͬһ׳һ䶯һĴ鿴š
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ĶܳٻʮӲʧԪߡʱԪæɫߵĶ߸˹
ɫߵҲܺãȴôԪСõı֡
ˢ
һӴɫ߶֮ڣԪèèŵ˹ȥϸϸһһݶ֮ϣ߸ߵ޴ޱȣڷ⡣һɫĹתšһŨϢҲɢ˳
߸ߵÿһôС滹Ź̵ȶȣԪһ£оߵһ˹
·ܹоС˷ܵţ
ƿڵߵԪ˵ʺϲˡԪó˴㽫ߵӽ˴ڡѾ׼õݣڸߵϢ

żҡ޴Һʾϳɫ߳һĻֳԪ͵һĻ
ŷ˺ؼ϶¶ϲ顣
û뵽ԪĽɫߵ͵ˣСӹȻûôʧŷ˺ؼ˿һϲ
ɫߵʱ򣬸û˸ҿǺڵ߹ȥֻһ˲䣬ͱɫ߸ˡ
ͷҲһЩ⼼ͽȥġܹɫߵ͵һĪĺ顣
ԭԪĹСɴʱҲûл˵ˡֻվСд˲֡

Ԫ͵߸ɫߵת˶Ϊᾡܿɫ߱ĵ·ߡ
Ԫȴƫƫӭɫ߶ȥ
һһԪӺɣͻȻڿɫߴǰɽϷʱԪһӲؽһƬľ
㷹֮ɫĸоһ䶯ţһŤĸоܿʹԪǰˡ
ɫʵԸº͵һޣԵСųԸºͣǿʵϣŭûܲ¡ֻײᷢŭѡ
ȵɫȥԪϼӿ˽Ų趨õ·߿Ӷ
ӳǧףһҵĺ˹ɫ߷ŭˣһضɽҡ˹ɫڷѰԼĵ
ԪʱӵøˡɫԸºͣŭǾ޷Ŀֲһŭǳ׵׵ķŭõɽΪƽء
ԪǰţԼõĵطӶȥɫߵŭҲԽԽԶԽԽԶرˡ
һСʱԪ˺Խõĵط˵ϣųǰĺɫСԪ˿СԱߣվŹżҴǺڵС
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ˡ
Ԫ
Ԫ˴ͷ
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ĸ
ԪĻɫ˲һ䡣ҲǴ˳
԰ɡҪĿ߸һأ
Ļһõؼһ͵ĺ⡣û뵽л˵ֻԪҲһУȴʱһЦ⣬ѾûǰĺʵģȻһĿĸо


180 
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Ԫɫһ֪ߵķϣ϶͹żìܡԪû뵽оȻʨӴ󿪿ھȻһҪ߸һԼ
ѵǹżҵİ𣿲ԣ
ŷ˲Ϊŷ֪ԼʵģǾǳ׼ŭԼʱһɢһòиԼĶ֡Ԫ˫۾˸Ѱ˼ʲôܸо鴦͸¶ŹŹ֡
ʱ򣬺ڰǺڹѸӰҲ߳欣һааЦ⡣һڰİҹɱһ㡣һֺ͸һĻĸо
Ԫĺܸл͵ߵЩǾ˵ߵʵ̫ҪˡԺҪ̤¾磬һúøлġ
ڹѸ˹һǰһһӽԪΧסԪĿⲢǵϡǿԶ
ԪоڰؿԼ˵ʵ֮£Ȼﵽ¾磡
ȻˣΪʲôһ棿
Ԫ˳ʱǰһľڣһ۵ʿ˳ɷǣһ߳ĵĸоһ˫۾ͬӥ͸¶ɢ˵ĺ⡣Ȼһ¾ǿߣ
ԪĿһ۵ʿϣɫԽƬ̺ƺʲôԪɫһ
㲻ǹżҵˣ
żҵ¾ǿߣֻйŷһʻʵǹżҵˡ˾˭
ҵȻǹżҵˡؼҵߣҶԪлл㣬ؼҵɫߵ
ҶЦҲЦǺڹѸҲЦ˶ЦЦȻһģһޱȡ


Ԫȭͷսÿ졣ԭʵغоȻؼҵ߹һ𣬶żٲȻ˹ǿЦԼ͹ŷ˶ǵļı
һܺľԵɰɡҿԸ㡣
ڹѸԪ˹ڵɫ£ȳƣһǷޱȣ͸¶ųŮ˵ķ顣ֻУȴһ˿ɭɱ·ͬһ㣬ëȻŮȻһͨɱĸ֡
ʵһʼҺоͲʲôżҵˡؼҵߣżֻԵ׶ѡ
ɫߵҲǷֵġҶֵġֻɫߵϢûáΪû
ǱһȦףչżҽ֡׳żҵȻ˳µصõɫߵˡ
ڹѸЦš
ؼҵߣһֱΪؼ飬ǹŷ˻һֱΪǶԹżĹһŮˣǲ֪ôִżҵġһβûеõɫҲŪˡڹż˵˷۱һвˡ
ˡһ˵ôϻʲôԪɫߵԹԽɡԽԽʹŶ
Ҷ˳Цţһߡ͸¶ɢɭĺ⡣Ԫͷ·һһ㡣
ҪɫߵǾá
Ԫɫһ͵һתӴ˳ȥ
͸о鲻ԾΪһεʵ̫˳ˡȻҪʱ򣬱ʾͷˡ
ֻз򸾵ĻԪҪɱǣ׾١û뵽ȴһ¾ǿߡ
һ¾ǿߣʵǿ£Ԫʱ˿Ҳ޷֮Կʱ˿ԿԪֻ·һһ³
ԪתӴ˳ȥ
ܣûôס
ҶɫһʱһһѪķɽХԪնȥ
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Ԫоһæһת
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ڷɽԪϲһĿӣѪӿʹҲ˹
Ԫɫһʹǰš
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ҶɫԽһǿڷɽХ˳ȥԪĲӡ
նһһΣÿһζǾޱȣ·Ҫ˲佫Ԫնڽˣ
ҶУڹѸ˿ԪǱӴܳȥģɫȴǸӵ·ѾԪɽһϵģǾôã͵ŹżҵмơڿɫߵҪ֣ܹ˿ģ
Ԫǰţһһܿ˾Ҷ׵ľ롣ͻȻ䣬ŭһ
裡
һźɫĴȻ˳ȥѪɫɽȥ
Ԫʲôɵӣտʼʹ裬˷ɽ֮ҶϾͻ׷
ӳԶԼҲһЩȫ롣ʱڶòˣⷳ˵ķɽ֮Լٶ·ߡһӳȥպһһҪˣرҲһСˣɱɣ
һХ޴ĺɫſȻһӾͽڷɽȥ
һҧ£κءڷɽƷ֮ڻķӡҪѷɫࡣӡƷɵˣοһССƷɽ
һȥ֮ԪתԥĿ˳ȥֻķɱޡԪһ¾ǿ߽жԿѹǲܵ顣
Դʱ˿̣ԪֻӣȵԼߵʱ̤¾磬ʲôƨҶ۵һ죡
ԪҧǰţһӾʧҹɫ֮У


181 淨
ʲô
ҶԭڵЦؿţΪһڷɽȥ϶ԽԪ˽
û뵽һڷɽնȥȻͻȻʧˡ
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Ͽ϶зѹֹŷ˷һ˹׷һҪ
ҶʱҲҶ÷ˣӰһԪ׷˹ȥ
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кͺڹѸҲӰһԪ׷˹ȥ
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Ԫǰ汼ţȻܳ˼Զľ룬׷ŵĿһ¾ǿߡǿɱõԪ˿С
һ·ǰţǰ滹һͷµ̬ɫߵšǰǣлԪоԼҪ;ĩ·ˣ
Уǰܣɫߣ׵壬ҿ϶һ
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Ԫֻһӳȥ
ҶҲǿ׷ţʱ˿һһⶼԪߵ֮ϣֻҪԪץٶȿ˵ǿ쵽˼¡
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ҶͻȻһһԪ˹ȥһĳ˲һƷ۶ɣԪ˹ȥ

һǿƷ죬ƷǿᣬõԪ˲͸ܵĪΣ
Ԫһҧæ˹ȥʱһƷԪԺХһϣ

һѵ촫˹һ˲ͱѳΪ촷ۣȻ׷ɢ
һѳ촷ɢºԪԽľǿߵʵ̫ˣ
ףƷɱȴ֮ǿ¡ҪǽԿԪֻòܹˣȻǴǺڵҲԳܾ޴Ʒĺɱ
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䣡
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¾ǿߺ֮ԪһССĴǺڣ֪ҪǿٱԪʵҪҶӳȥֱǳ˵Σ
ں׷ԪҶ϶顣˫Ŀо˸

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һϣԹżҵкͺڹѸ޷֮ܵŭкͺڹѸҪǱżȫ׷ɱǾֻ·һһ³ֻܼȥ
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Ԫôˣ齻ӳɹ𣿡
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Ԫ͵ߵ֮ϾͶ·ˡڸͿӰ׷ԪѾǹżҡ
мкͷŭصеȻܸ߹ŷʵ顣ΪڹŷߣżҵԴпõĵط
ʲô
绰Ǳһ¡жõŷ˴ʱı顣һǳʰɡԼѡεˣи飬ȻԼ
вû˵ȥǵС㣬Ҫ׷ɱԪˡܵʵ̫ˡ׷
һ߿ţһߵ
㲻֡ҺúøҪһҵ
绰ͷŷ˺ܿ˾ϡ
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ŷˣΪǹżƶˣΪԼྫʵͷһӶѡ
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ؼңżң壬Ԫ嶼˴Ҳˣ
ߡǸҶĲӣ
ڹѸӰһͬһ׷˹ȥԪҶٶȺܿ죬óǵ󡣲кͺڹѸûеȴϾԪͷɫߵɫߵ˵˵ޱȡȻϣɫߵǵߡ
˶ǴǾʵ֮ҶҪɫߵʵһǴﵽ¾磬ʱȻٿżҺؼҵɫˡʵκ˵Ҫֻʵǿ󣬲棬Ȼķ


182 żҵŭ
ʲôԪѱˣ
һϢ˹ż֮˶סˡɴ۾ֱ˵
ղһֱҺʾԪɫߵˡ
ϣΪ󹦾ҪˡΪӴԺ󣬹żҾͿԽһˡ
û뵽ǣ龹ȻԤתԪȻѱˣͺñ˶̧һϣصȴʤʱͻȻһͰʧܵˮζ֪
ŷܽذ侲ͬЩƽдϢʱ򣬹ŷ˻Щš
ΪԪǷԼɢһ綾ѱİԪȴѱˡ
ŷ˺ܿͷֿܡ
һ֣Ԫѱ䡣
ڶ֣ѱ䡣
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ŵʱǹүѵġвܱѣԼ۹ˣǹүȴԲܿ˵ġ
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ԪżİҪԪѱˣⲻ
ǰһֱԪֵܣԪôѱżءһΣȻΪԼʧùż޴ʧؼԽܡ


ؼȭͷսԪѱˣôԪͷһҪҪԪۣ˵
ߣҾ֪Ԫ˵ʲôöڹȻѱǹżң
С˳һֱԪģʱ򣬿ԪѱˣﻹЩޡһѩ׵ıݽҧţüĸоɫߵƺǺںǶԪȴںúܡ
㣬ھȥԪɱͽȻɫߵ
СҧǰؼһֱԼԸԪԪѱˣԼԸȻоݡԪȺԼƨɣڻ۵һҪһЩۡ棬֣
С㣬ԪҴˡ飬вжΡԸͶСһǰɳԪ
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ŷһâ˸ƺ˼ʲôӿʼڣһ˳˳ؼʱ̣ԪȻѱˡ
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ҲáǶǰȥɳסһҪ١ڸ嶼ڸǡԽ࣬ҹżԽǵɳ֮󣬲ҪԪӲУȥԪɢäĿ͹żҳ׷
ŷ˳һ
ǡ
Сɺؼ˱֣תȥˡ
ŷתŹżܵ˹ȥбҪ͹үһ¡
ɫߵԭǹŷ˵һϣڡû뵽һϣҲˡڹŷ˵Ĵν

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ڳڣһźɫװŮӣθģųŸС
ϸȥᷢǰԪµŮٻٻ
ٻٻ֮󣬳˺֯Ŀƣټõĵ̣ٻٻܺá

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죬쿪
ԪҲϳ˴ʱǰŮٻٻ˳æ
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ٻٻһҧšϼ˳ȥһХ˳ȥ
ԪһѪģģȻǱ׷ɱˡȻ֪ʲôܹ׷ɱԪٻٻҲ֪Էͷ϶СԲ׿ԶԸġ
ٻٻ˳ӷХ˳ȥܹԪƳӵģ϶ʲôѰˡ
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ģ
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УһܹԪˡɫߵҪõԪҲһɱˣ˵һľ޴
Ҷҧгݺ޺޵صɱԪһӶ˯һȾˡ
ԭƵļƻԼһ¾ǿߵĲ룬Ӧòκ©ŶԡҶȴû뵽Լ͹ԪʵԡԼ׷ɱ֮£Ȼˣ
Ķ֣ѹֹŷ˻ὫôҪɸԪˣɱĺʱĶ֣ԲܹΪԼΪؼҡΪһǱĵˣΪ


183 繫
Ҷ˺ݺݵؿһ۶Ĵڣҧгݣ˺һкͺڹѸ׷Ҷ˵Աߡ
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СӷͬСɣһҪץסɱصԴڵҲҪһ
Ҷսȭͷݺݵ
ǡ
кͺڹѸ˵ͷԪ˾ˣǻɫߵҪ֪ǾĲôãΪɫߵȴȫԪժӣ˵ܹưո

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ʵ̫ˣѰĴǾߣƷ֮£Ѿòܹˡ
ԪܹҧͦѾǺܲˡҲǳҶϵ顣ҪȻҶ˵Ҳɫߵûе֮ʱԪ̯ˡ

ԽϵһУΪϣԻĹҲռ˺ܴһ
ԽѪ˸ʤٻٻһԽѪŮ
ƶڣٻٻԪסһ̻Ի͵ĹңһŻƽ˿µŮ˹
ĸòģȻٻٻ˷ֵơһŮӸԵýĸ߹һЩݻ֣°ĸо·ҡڣ˵ζٻٻã繫Ҳ԰Ůˡ
ãǵհҺͼˡҽ
Ԫ˴ϣ˵ģٻٻżġ
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繫˹ԸУͬһ㣬תһ֮ٻٻһЩΪǻѪԵʣ񣬸ԵĹζ
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ɡ
繫æ
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磬˰
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ˣ繫԰İˡ԰ĵطǰȫġ
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á
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ĲҪҽǰڵҽҽܸġ˵أúƵĻܻء
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ˣԼܺáǿԳȥһĻ𣿡
Ԫ
ðɡ
繫ҧҧܸоǰЩ֡˵ôأȻ˿ȻԪԼҪҲ˵ʲôԪԼĹܹ֮ԼκԼưɡ
߰ɡ
繫˿ٻٻһԽæ˳ȥ
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Ӧþˡû뵽ǰԼٻٻֵԼˡҵ˵ԼûмǼȷǵѡԪϢš
߸ɫߵѾڲûмŷȥһûкȫóȻõĻԳ׽ɫߵաںıȪ֮вС
Ϊɫߵ̲ŵʵ̫ˣȥ϶ܵġʱȻıȪߺѹĻܵĸоͻࡣ
Ͻɽ֮ԣӦҲɽڸɽ֮ڣرȪҲٲˡʱǺرȪ֮Ϳˡ
ԪϢšڵԽϣѾΧԼӦʱȫġԪҲ΢΢


184 
ڣһȪԣ繫ٻٻšٻٻԼϹŮ˵欣繫Ӻݻ̬ǧԵĸ߹ʡһ־˫歵ĸо
磬ҺͼһιҪסϺܳһӡΪĹʱزȥˡ
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㣬˵ʲôǽþﳤġԭ԰Ҫһ˵ġȴˡ
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繫סٻٻ֡ԭãôûмˣҲ֡
Ҳԡ԰ˡҵȻ¡԰ڵĻһ治һء˵԰ȷʵһˡһЩš
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繫ǻѪСͱ԰󣬿԰ȻҪȢˡ
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繫ҡҡͷ
һܻҵĵطŲٵİɣԽϰİִ۸ӵеİɴഫѾչ˽ꡣ԰֮һ
԰Ǽ̳еõ˰֮λֻϧų޷ͳһɡεʱһָĵӣȻ԰
԰ԭʮλԲ֮ʣǹ˼ʦͽ꣬û֡Ȼսڷ԰ĵȥķ֮
԰ҲǿһĻġ
磬ġػвٵѡʱһЩɣһԴʧȥĵ̵ġ
ٻٻҧҧһأЩ顣֪òáܱڻҪá
ϾǻпĴ԰԰Ȼսʽ΢ǵҪҲһһյ顣
ҲһЩѣʱ򣬸Ҳܹ԰ҲһԺҲذңҸƽһӡ
繫
ʱһӴ˽繫˱֡繫ԭҲ繫ͽ磬ֻ԰ϲͷһš˶ôˡ

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ЩһȴæﲻϡʱоԼܺûá
Ŷûϵ֪޷ǾҪ԰ĵ̶ѡ浽һǸˡԽôǻеǵطȥ
繫Цŵ
繫˵ɣٻٻҲ֪ԡһ԰繫ǾܲˡԽȻ󣬵Ҳĵزͺϵһû԰Ϊ֧ţ޷պʲôӡ
繫ʵһֱЩ֮ûκεȤֻƽȴ˷˼⡣
ˣԪ档ˣҾȳġ
ٻٻԪæ
ʲôԪֵܣ
ٻٻĻɫһ䣬ŷ˽ȥ
һҪԪĻٻٻˡԪǸмޱȵġһԪϢͼææȥˡ
Ԫԭڷڵţ˽۾
ֵܡ㣬ôˣ
Ԫɫ΢΢Щ԰ףæе
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ԪվղһѾõòˡʱԪվٻٻŮɫ˱䡣˸ղǿԪƵģأһ̾Ҫһ㡣û뵽ԪһӾͺˡ
ָֻҲ̫̬һЩɡѹղŲҪЩҽЩҽҽȻǾԴﲻԪЧġԭԪԼһҽ
ʲôܹô
һԪʵǼʶģһǿʵ벻ͨʲô˿˵ԪΪӡУԪѾǿһĵز˰ֻԪɱ˴ˣʲô˵Ԫ
һЩĽɫܹġˣءܰһбȪߺصĵط𣿡
ԪڼɫߵѯʵϾأزģܹ˰æľ;˰æˡ
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˵ǰȥֽɳͿ̵ĹѾʢƵȺˡ
һŻŵȻһҪ繫ȥֽɳͿ̵Ĺ⡣ɳͿ繫£԰ġⲻǿȡʲô


185 
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˵Ļ繫ɫһ䡣Ҫ֪ɳͿܿ԰̡ҲҪȥĻǵڳ԰ʧȥ˽ɳͿܣ԰ͳײˡ
˵־֣һһ¾Žĵءûա
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ٶˣ繫ٶˣȻ˵ϱȲѪƴҲδռˡѵԶ繫ǸŮˣҷ
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һ繫˶ɴ۾ﾡǾ㵺Ͳŵ顣Ϊǻûп֡Ȼһö׶˼Ӳޱȵʯ֮ڣʲôֲµʵ
ٻͷԪȴԪɫƽʱ繫˸ӾԪ˼繫˸Źâǿ˾һ㡣
ȻԪƻûкȫֶΣֻҪɵĹͿˡ繫ʶʶԼʵͲˡ
Ԫһʵչ˳ȻõܹڷˡƺʲôԪҲĿʾˡɣǸ׼һ߹
Ԫƽصʵ̫ˣؼңңżңѱûԼúáʡñ˷ˡ
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˺ð죬繫ŴӸղŵѹæ˵ͷ

һ繫óһͭߡһ߼侫ɣ񹤣ȥɷĸо
԰ǰġġ֮԰۸ֻΪ԰ֻһŮˡ԰ҵµİİɾͻࡣһߣðµİ
繫
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á
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ȥ˵°ȥȺúõš
繫סԪ֣˹ȥԪҲԱߡ繫㽫԰һЩʷ˵ԪԪšû뵽Խط绹ܿġԼ°ȻҲȢ繫ˡȻҲΪ繫԰ƿС
Ԫһж繫繫»һ·æЩ󣬱㵽ʱˡ繫Ԫˡ
һ߹СԿԪ繫˺档ӺӾڣԿ繫Ǹ߹ʵģһ˿µİ£θԵøرŸɽ壬ڰ֮£ͦһѩ׵Ĺָˡ
ԪɫƽСڣҲʱʱ濴ȥֵԽҲлˣһЩȺææµµͻȻ䣬ƺһӰԪɫ
ΪҶзżѰʲôԪֻһۣתͷȥˡڴߣõıԷ֡
Ҷзվ·м䣬ɫࡣ
̫ϤˡҪҵһԪֱǴ롣
ҶսȭͷѼӷˣ֪
ػмѣǵصĵͷߣȥ֪ͨǰѰҡ
ебϾϽɽô꣬ҲԼҪҵԪ뷢ԼеԴС
ãԽԽáһҪԪҵ
Ҷɫ


186 ɱ
ʢƵ꣬վ¾װӣߴͣԽϱˡƤڣĿ׺
繫ĳͣʢƵ⣬ƿһµ繫˳ԸУһֺȻ˵Ŀⶼ׷ױסһĿⶼ繫ϡ
ģԸУǻˣõκһΪ֮
ԪҲ˳һɷߣһ˵ĿԪ˹žΪԪǻûп
⣬⾹Ȼ԰ߣ
԰µİ𣿡
⣬ôܣ

԰԰λһֱšû뵽ھȻһλµİ˶ˡĿⶼԪϡȻǲ֪λǴðġ
ʱ繫˹ȥԪԱߣ§סԪֱۣǷǻ˾ŸʱѹԪֱϣһ˵ŮϢҲ
繫һٶòȷԪݡȻ԰İ԰ôܵõ繫ܵĶԴأ
Ԫû˵ɫƽⲻ˵ģȴӸһɱĸоһߣһѹɭϵĸоһĿϣ˺ɡ
繫ԪʢƵ˹ȥʮ½˺棬ˡ
ϣ繫ˣӭӭλǣ
ܿһƤڵӶЦ˳кԪ繫ĿԪʱ΢΢һȻû뵽Ȼ˴԰߳
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繫

һЦѲ繫ΪһλѹסǿЦ԰һһָơû˵һλ˭֪ھŪһλⲻҵʱԱɡǹЦˡ
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻЦŵһЦʲô˶Ǻͺġʶ˽˶֪ϲڱͱˡ˳Ц滢˵þˡ
λѾȺʱˣ
ƤЦⲻЦ繫ԪȥʼգԪûж˵һ仰ֻ繫Լǰߡ
һţһ߻ɨ繫繫޸ϰʱϰѾʮˣ˵Ѿû˵繫Ӧûûбɡ
һ繫ǸʵģS͵ߣһ뵽繫ǴͰ촽߹󣬽ģŮˣҪ£֪ʲôζز֪Ľ繫ˣܹܵˣмԼһһ
һţһааš
繫˵Σ˵ʲôԶ顣ֻҪ˽ɳܵĵ̣繫͵ڳ׼ܿˡʱ򣬻ùԹ˳ԼһŮӣҪԼ棬ĹԼ
һ·ǰߣ˷׷кʾ˲繫ߣȴǺӦǴҶ繫עįɡ˶޲þԶ֮±˺繫һ·ıǩ
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С˵־һһߵλλ˹ȥ԰һԪ϶ԼӪͲʣ繫һУһŮˣһɷҪԼԣʵЩ쿪
繫ԪߵԤλǰȴλ繫Ҫ£ȴԪסˡ
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λŵģԭΪ繫ӣû뵽ɳ˾ȻˡؿɳûпڣҲûиԪλ˼ʱɳͻȻλ飬Щ⡣
һڲأ԰Ĺͬ顣ǺߣΪΪӦиλá
ԪȻ̸УôһУҪƽһʼĩʧƣⲻԪҪġԪĻ繫Ҳ˫й⣬ȻûҪԪоݺͶԷа塣ڣԼѡеˡǴ԰ģȻܹĩˡ
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˶һӡֻվλøԪԪҲȥ
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187 ɱѶ
ãȻ繫԰ˡôҲ¡ҿ԰ɳͿ̣׼Ǯ𣬼۸ҲˡҺ԰һЩ߳߶ˡǶԸ繫֪ô
һʼԪһӣ΢΢Щˬһ㶼Լƿ֮µģˡôһµ̲֮صĴ飬ڱ֦ĩڣȴԷһš
ǰˡ۸繫һ°ɡ
԰Ҳ첻ȥˡͽɡ
һǮҲ

ǰЩ԰ĳæһһ˵׷Ȱ繫Ӧ
繫ҧЩԼҧгݡ԰ھֻнɳͿ̣ҪǶˣ԰ͳ군ˡ
Щ˻һ԰ĳϣʵѾ첲ˡͲ԰ﳹ군
繫֪ôشҪǾܾڳвٵĶ԰ˣ԰ĵλûôȹ̡ҪǴӦζӦġһӦ԰Ļҵͳ׻һˡ

ʱԪˡ
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Ŷ
ĿҲԪϡ֪ΪʲôԪһ˲СȤҪɳ°ôӦһ档ɳλã治֪ô
һҪأĵҪ
Ԫƽ˹
ʲô
˶û뵽Ԫʳһ⣬ɫһ䡣Ԫ⻰ͷ˼Կɾˡ
һûзŭЦ
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ЦšΪ°ܹʲô֮أԭһƤˣݵĽɫѡ
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ĻЦȻԪÿһٶڴ̼ս񾭡ûһ˸Һ˵Ȼô˵вԼѵΪԼһǺǵ

Ԫı֣ͻȻЦɫޱ
磬û뵽ôȻôһļһȻİǷҾͰúʰ󣬽ϣ
ͻȻԪһٶƣƢãЦ滢ҲȥʱԱףͿ׳Ԫ˹ȥ
ĸߴͣ˹µļⶼһԵϢ
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СӣҪ۵ģ
մ͵һԪץ˹ȥǵĴԪʱͻȻһǿھӿ˳ȥһӾմ󺺵öϡ
մ󺺱ɾһãһӾ͸оһ󿩿˹ֱ۸첲ϵĹͷȻȫˣžžžֹľʹ˲ȫ£

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һƽƲ֪зű仯ʼγԪľ档
繫ԪԱߣ֪ΪʲôȻԪԱǰδеİȫСָоԪԱԸıһһԪƽţͺһɽΡȣ繫ǰδе̤ʵ
һǾ仰ҪĵҪ
Ԫ˳
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ԪҲһû˵Ϊ֪ԼǿķԪǼ򶨡
˻ǹԼֵѾȥˣȥԸԪû뵽ת˲֮䣬ͱԪɵˡſ˵ϣһܹʵеš
һ˵ʵҲ޵ġͷǹбӵԪܹܵԼӵ
ĶܹӵóԪ۾ÿһٶÿһ񣬶ԪĿ֮£ԪЦˡ
ӵΪǹǰȫ𣿡
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ɡҸһᡣŲ֪жӵɱԿ
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⻰һ˵˶ˡһĿԪϡ
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㣬㲻Ҫǿ
繫Ԫ֡е㵣ԪǿΪԼ¡Ҫ֪ӵǹǱİԪẦ£ӵҪһǹġ
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㹻񣡡
ЦһǹҲ˳׼ԪǱǹܾͺһߡ
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ȥ
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һʹһ۾ΪԼĴǶһȴԪɫƽ˿
Ҳסˡܿ죬͵ؿ۶ǹ
ͲԼɱԪ



һǹöӵȺ˳ȥԪһöһöӵɶԪüģѣһöһöӵȥȴͭǽ֮һ㡣һöһöӵ˳ȥ׷׵˵ϡ
ԪɫƽûκηӦֻһЦš
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λµͻȻһһƨɾȥŵûȲͣضţһɴ̼ζҲǺܺ˵ð˳ΪıԪʵŵˣ
ԪԱߣ繫ԪһĳݺͲšΪûпһˣȻӵҲԵֵܡԪ繫ﶼЩðˡ
ŷٻٻһظԼһʲôˣԭ԰Ѿˣһô԰һġһ˲֮䣬繫Ѿ¶˾ģԼһҪԪʲôֶΡ


188 ̸
һӵܹܵˣһʲô
˿Ԫһˡһ˳Ϊ԰İ֮󣬼԰ٷְȷ԰԰ֻԽԽţơﵽʱڵĶʢҲûпܵ顣
ԭ԰ЩˣЩɫޱȡΪǺ԰պı
һֱӱŵ̱˵Ϻ󣬹˺þòĿšԪʵʵ̫ˡʱ˿̣˵ɱԼѶȵʲô˼
˼ɱԼȫ׾٣ͺһֻһɼ򵥡ԪͺһָԼСһ㡣һߣȫ֮еĸо
ӵԪҲ˵ûκκһеĶܹɱԪȻɱԪôԪԣ˾Լ
һô벻ͨء
̶Ƭ֮䣬ľѾ˷츲صı仯ԭմ֣·һжеȴһεӰֻ
˶ĺ˾롣Щ˶ǻ콭ĺ֣ҲǼʹĺ֣Դʱ˿̣Ȼһһ֮±ͬ
ǿظܵǵСԪ
繫ǰδеĸоָо԰ˣ԰ˡΪ˿ԼԪĿⶼһˣһ־η飬ĵĿ־塣ͺǰ԰һ˲Ϳ־塣
һеĸı䣬ԼߵһˣԪ
ıһУ
繫ԪˣͬСһ㣬ǱظԪ첲ϣѹţһȵĸо˹
Դ԰ȥ֮繫һֱһŮӲšûŮ츳ô޴һ԰Щ֪ŵжࡣ
ۿ԰һһȥᡣû뵽ԪˣһжȻһ㡣ֿƾ̣̤ʵȫĸо繫ޱȵϲ
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Ϊ繫ֻ֪Ԫ԰Ż׳󣬲Ż᳹׳ɳȹ̩ͬɽһˣԸҪһУ
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̸̸ɳͿ԰ĵ̣Ȼ԰ˡ
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Щ԰ķ̣ӦζڰɡȻ԰Ԫϵı飬ֻ÷⾫ʡ
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ʱ԰ԪæԪǿˣԺ԰ػ۷ʲô顣
֮£ﻹҺԪ
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ԪƵ˳
ڼȻѾ繫ˣôҲһ繫ˡʱ仹ԣ

̸не쳣˳ԪͺһһǰȻκεͷȻ˵ҪһԽӶĵȫ⼸ǲܵ顣ϾҲɵӣͷĵ̺ԴȫȥǾ͵Ҫ㽫ĵ̶
ܱߵ˵̬ȴԷ˾޴ı仯ΪóԪҪԸֻһһӿʼҡڶҡ׷Ԫ֦
繫ҲɵӣȻ֪˳ˮۣͽԭͶļԪ£˹ҴĵͲ
ԭļĸҲʼ׷׶ҡˡ
ϾԪչ¶һʵʵ̫Ϳˣ԰ôһλĻû˸ȥ԰ԿġΪԿ԰ʾζ
£ڶšԪÿһ֣ÿһ仰ڷãĥܾǻлҲѰԼ·
һɵͷĿʲô޵еĸ֡һôҲɱˣͬоͷۡѾʼ˳˵˼ˡɱԪ£ԪԣǴĽˣ
ε԰ʵǷâ̫ʢԼѹסһܷͷǰĳзչϾڣﻹǮˣͷʼԻģ
أôһԼСʱԷָоʵ̫ˡ
һ飬ֹ˰Сʱʱͽˡ˵Ĺ֮£繫סԪ˳ȥһ·ϣ˶ǵɴ۾һĻ˵
һû뵽繫˻ƽµĳû뵽̬Ȼͷù繫Ȼ˵һЦ滢Դ˭һź΢̬ɴûչ¶ı΢Ĺ˳飬ʵǺٳϡ
е׷ʲô飿˶һͷˮһĿԪϣȻкܴһԭΪһ԰Եʡ


189 
ص԰ĵ̣û뵽԰˶˷ˡѡԭΪһ֮սأ˭֪ڲѪȻĽ֡һж԰͵ʱ˶°¶ǰδеĳ顣һĴڰ̫˲ˣһ־Ťת˾ƣ
˸϶ϲúͶԪĳݡԭԪҪ쵽ɳĺȥģǿʱˣ繫ƺҪ´ϵˡ
ԪԼ˹ȥƲûкȫȥ˻ڻص˷ֻ밲һúϢһ¡
Ԫſ˴ϣ۾˯ȥˡ
һ˯õͦͦ㣬һӾͽ˯С˯ģƺһŮԼ󣬴һ˵㡣
һ˫˵СַԼļϣԼĦţһһ£Ħ÷ԪĶá
Ԫȫ¶չõĸоģһ˵ŮӾȻ˹ǷӸԪ
һһµĸصĥ䣬Ԫÿһ缡ÿһǣůζ
ָоζͺеϸеļõչһ㡣
Ԫ۾šôҲ벻źУЩ԰ˡˣǵǰʱӰ;źԼǺԴӹٯٯʱ򣬾ҲûźԼˡû뵽˯ԼȻָо
£ζԪоԼ·ͷ
ԪܵʱͻȻоԼ·һһǻȵҲԼװףºԪɵһ۾
ʱǰȴһһ˿ҵķŮӣȻ繫
㡭
ԪһղŻΪԼͷû뵽Ȼ繫ϸ繫ȥȴλǷѪ
µSߣ⻬ļϸϸģһģ·˲
Ԫңźġ԰ǰˣҵȻҪúźˡ
繫Щߺ콿ģ˵һֻҪԪȥ
Ԫȴæֹˡ
ˣҲ̫ϰߡ繫㻹Ǵ·ɡϾֻһðİ
Ԫڨڨصû뵽繫ĸɲУҲȥС
ϾһѾ㹻繫ͷˡҪһˣԪ֪ǺáŮ˶˿ɲʲô鰡رǶһһҪΪдɾ͵˵磬ӢĹ
繫Ҳû뵽ԼܵԪķԣҪ֪ԹźԪҲ˺ܴ
û뵽ԪȴܾԼ
繫ҧһбݣ죬ΪǽԵ
ȴץסԪ֣һѷԼǰͦͦء
ѵҲƯ𣿡
繫˵˹һ˫飬ͬһܹ˵ĸˡ
࣡
࣡
繫һѪ˵ģԪɵ˿ڿˮֻоԼĶڱսšرץסôһű
磬硭
ʱһ˹ȴٻٻ˽
ٻٻһܽԭҪԪȥģû뵽һͿ繫һ˿Ԫϡæס۾תȥ
ԲǼǼ
ٻٻߺ죬æ˳ȥôҲû뵽繫Ԫչ֮졣ԪûзӦϵ繫Ҳ˴æܿˡһŮӶܵӰˡ

繫һֱܵԼķ䣬ţűǽڣʱһߺ죬
ǽĵһƬ쳱ޱȡûԼȥһˡ
ϰŮûдϰȢʱʱϰѾû˵ôһֱŴӡ
һδµŮȥЩ˵飬ȷʵҪܴǰ繫Ǿ벻ԼȥЩġ
ȴȥˡΪ繫֪Ԫ԰ľǡԪ԰ô԰δһԽԽáǶ԰õѡ񡣱ϾһŮӣһ԰һǿ˰Լõ顣
繫û뵽ǣԼһ˿ҵȥԪ˭֪ȴԪܾˡ
繫֪Լİ԰أ֪ж˴Լ⡣ЩһԼ۾ð⣬繫һֱΪ˲ϲԼġ
ڣԼȥȴԪܾˡ⻹繫һƷܾζ
繫˾ǰͦͦӣžڣһ˿ҵΣüͷøˡ
ԼôĻôãΪʲôԪҪܾԼأ
繫ǰδеĴܸСȥԪˡ

ԪЩͷۡû뵽繫ԼЩóľǾܾرίľܾ֪Լ繫ˣҲܹˡЩ飬ϲȴƫƫԪǿա
ԪŷȥˡٻٻղԼ϶ģԪùȥһ¡Ҳһ±˴˵ΡֻһȥȻȥ˺һжиưɡ


190 
ֵܣȾƣȾơ
Ԫ˳ȥԼ׵ʱ򣬾ͿٻٻȾơԪ˳æк
ǰֵܹȾưɡ
ٻٻվһߺ졣Ҳ̫ҿԪ˭ղһȥͿԪ繫Ǹء
ð
Ԫ˹ȥҲţȱҲǺõġ
Ԫ˱ӣһ£ȻһˡԪľһαһκãһӺһҲ˿
ֵܺþֵܣи˵˵
ƺͻȻ˹ȥ
ô
ԪЦЦ
ֵܣҿϴҲСˡд󵱻͡繫ò绨ֵ㰡ֵڱ׷ɱסÿԶܳҡͺ͡
æֻǻûе˵꣬ͱԪ˻
ֲö˵ˡҲؾġ繫иʺˡ
Ԫ˵ִ꣬ںһơ
⡭
Ҳû뵽ԪܾôɴࡣҪ֪繫һƯ˰Ԫܾȴ۾գһ¡СӶŮѵһȤûУ
ٻٻɫЩǻΪԭԪ繫˼ء
ٻٻƺ뵽ʲôæת繫˹ȥԪղſ϶Ǿܾ繫ѵȴ˾ܾˡһ顣ٻٻҪȥοһ繫
Ԫļȴǲ
ֵܣ˵ң繫ǸŮѡдġ
§Ԫļһĳģ
ҽˡ
ԪֻõһξΪԼû˵Լˣ껹Լ⡣Ԫѧˣʲô飬ɴ˵ԼˡˣһҲԼˡҲһõĽھܾЩŮӡ
ûϵڻĽİɡĽһΣԽٽһΰŶá
һЦʱੲˡǺܿÿһȢŵģԪǱѰˣٶȢϸҲʲô

ԪһЩˡ

ءƵꡣһɫĴʻ˹ƿ߳һӣȸִӳһ߳һŮӣһֺϽ˵Ŀס
ƮƮŮ·һǰʣĿⶼ˹
һһŮ֣ϾһԷӭеĹʵŮһ£ͬЦӯӯз򸾡
С㣬֣ˣ죬
æӭŹСɺؼ߽ȥ˷ؼɫһ
ô£УҺú˵˵
ؼһ͹СɣΪѰԪɫߵġһԪӴֻз򸾣ؼȻҪ˽ȥˡԭúһƻ˱ʣؼ֪е׷ʲô顣
ԪȫɫߵȻء
бֵ
ؼһﲻֻǿСܵؼĿ⣬æ㽫յȫ˵˳ȻЩ˵棬飬ԼųġԪڳȻʲô鶼˵ΪԪؼ˵ؼҲδػԪĻϾɫߵڿԪԪ˵Ԫѱ˹żҡһλεʵ͵
˼˵ԪˣȻӵأ
ؼѯ飬ɡɵľһ㡣Ԫֺʵؼ֪ġ˵һУʮҲԪĶ֡һйŹ֡
ܹԪĶְ͵ȡɫߵ֮ˡһֱ׷ɱ׷ء϶ءһҪҵСĻɫߵǾʹˡ
æ
ߡԪһзǣȻ١ڻʲôǱ·㽫ڵҲҪԪҳ
Сҧ
ԪǰøжûУοԪƨɣ𣬹СҹҹľҪһأ˵ܲҵɫߵε顣ҵԪݺݱ֮صĴ顣һҪҵԪѳˣ
ԣС˵öԣڵ֮ǾҵԪһߵ
æڵ˵żһпõĵطͼֵ򲻿ܵġҪżҵԴѰԪءû׼ԪɵСӻ͹żҽϵҲһһԪ͹żϵôȻϢͻᱩ¶һӾͱԼץˡ
ڵֻؼ͹Сˣˣ㲻ҶʵԼͺڹѸ˸ƣҲԽ¡
תţڰѰ˼ʲôؼ˵ͷܿͺ͹Сɣһ̽ѰԪĲǵʱ䲢ࡣһԪܻԼߵߵƿֻ֮άֶʮҡһǸʱ䣬ҪٷߵЧʹ󽵵ˡ
ǱʱڽԪҵ
б㽫صһЩȫؼؼͷһú̽ôѰԪĲ
Ȼ󣬵ǵԽϵĵطڻĹżҵҲû͸Զڹż˵ҪҵԪ治һ׵顣Ҫ˵ԪѾ뿪أǰ˱ĳС
СɵﻹһΪɢԪʼջǵġ


191 
ԪԭΪ֮繫ӦòԼˡû뵽ڶԼȥصʱȴ繫Լһܾ˵ͬ
Ԫ˸ʻλϣһɫ˿µ繫߹ԸС˿£ԽǷSγ˳ɽ쳣ĻԲ޴󣬺ʱҪһ·Ƴһ㡣쳣ĸо
һ뵽繫һ˿ҵģԪЩȣæƿ۾
˵ʵԽǿԽǿôԼĶһ첻һأ
Ԫﰵ˼
ܿ쳵Ӿһ߸ߵɽ壬䶸ͣǽɳߵһɽֽĿɽ
һ·ۣܿɽһ޴ĺǰ
ĿɽϵĿأˮ䡣㿴ʺϲʺ㡣
繫վ˺Աߣ촵ĳԽԵԸǻߣѪģ֣վ˺ԣտĵش˷ջ
Ԫ˹ȥ˺ͷˮһƬ䣬еĺɢǺʺ
лл㣬繫
ԪĺƹһܹԶĳַ̡羰۵׵ĸо
ˣԪ
繫ͻȻתԪҲޱ
ô
ԪһҲ繫
ðˡ֪ѾˡԲŻӡ
繫ҧźӣϷɬĺϼ
Ŷû°ҶѾˡ
ԪԴڨڨЦŵ
ءʵǲûнġԺϲʱҡҵ㣡
繫˵꣬ת˳ȥһıӰԪ
Ԫ繫ıӰһˡȻֻҡҡͷ治֪Լʲôõģô繫еԼζأ
Ԫ֪繫˼ʵ챻ܾ֮繫ȷʵЩպޡǺٻٻ˵ԪѾˣԪĺøһϾ˻飬ȴܹ㹻ȥֵջѾˡǰֻΪ԰ŹԪͷȴһЩĶĸо
ԪǰһһȻȲıҲܹһЩڵ¶ˡ
ԪЩңиԴԪֻܽЩȻ֮
ԪֻͷҪżңؼ绰˵һԼ
룬Ԫˡʵ˵żҲԼԪڹżҲδȫȫεġϾߣѾŵˡĿǣǹ淽⡣
Գô飬żҿ϶һɵԼͷϡϾԱԼУżҿ϶СϾڹżѾôͷ
ԪǾʱ绰ȥһ¶ԼٶԼٵԼɫߵ˵
ԪӴȡһɫߵģͨɢɫĹһó󣬾ɢ
Ԫһҧɫߵһġžһ£ɫߵȻ˿δ
ԪһȻû뵽ɫߵȻôӲܿԪҲˡɫߵϾޣ޵ĵܺѰĵһءΪƿǶĹѣɫ߲Ż
ȻɫߵޱȣҲѲԪԪһһӰХԪǰɢűĺ⡣
ԪץסӰĽὫɫߵĵϣһһ㣬Ȼ⵰Ǿ˿ɽȻֻƷ̶ȻǼµġ
ƿ˵֮Ԫץסһ飬һܿͽ⵰⿪ˡһɫ״壬ҺڣһС档һŨϢҲɢ˳
һʵߵԪֻθڴ󿪡ʱҲһץ£ݺץ֮һֱԼӽȥ๾࣬һӾȥȻԪץ£һ£
ԪֽСץӽ˶
ߵһ򿪣ͱϽáЩɢȥǾʧˡ
Ƭ̣ƣһߵͱԪԵĲˡԪһ־㷹ĸоڶǸ֮ڣһҲǲðһޱȣҪԪ˸ոɾһ㣬õԪһҪ˵ĸо
ߵǼ̲Ķһȥ϶ޱȡʱбԵкò顣ϧԪûУǾֻܹȥǰһ֮ˣ
ͨ
Ԫѹ·ǰĺ֮Сһһǵĸоʹ˹õԪһսܿ죬ԪһɹҲǷð˳ȥЩޱȣһðȥ֮¶˲ɢһԪΧıˮжݣ
ЩΪȵɢȥ̵Ϣӿõ⺮زϷġһһγɣΧϵķӿԪһεκҲǷ¡ҧ۾͵ؽԼϳȥ
ֻг׳˺Ǽµı֮£ܹԼ¶½ڱƿȥ
ԪҲĬĬתŹ赼ǹ̵ϢӿţʹԼЩӶԼһЩԪĬĬظֱ仯֮ڣı仯
ĺأҲΪԪʱ˿̵ĵʼӿȵɢȥõΧʮ״ϷӿݣһҲǷӿð˹ȥ


192 С
Сɣؼз򸾣ڰҶʼ˶Ԫķ̺ʽѲ
ܹԴܹǼѾˡһһһһԴ˳ȥȴʼҲԪϢ
Ԫͺ˼һ㣬ʧǵСϾԽϵĳУȻĹżڻĹԼǳ˻Ĺ֮ࡣҪҵԪܴ󡣸οԪһƻߣѰ죬ڴ롣
СɣؼѾ׷׳ˣȥѰԪ
һ·ϣСɿɫɯһ·šһ߿ųһڵ·ѰԪӰ
⼸Ƕ˶ĵطѰȴԪһӰӶûҵСҲڰ׽š
Ԫˣֻ㵽һطأ
С뵽ֿܣȴһһƷˡܾԪܲһ벻ĵطԪ˺ܹŹ֣ʱ뵽ĵطԪȴƫƫȥ
·ʻţܿһʮ·ڣһڷ̯λϣʮŰӵԽȾƳԷƳͣΧһ󳳳µ˹ŸֲĵЦ֡
Сͣ˳һɯٳ֣Ȼ˲˵Ŀ⡣һһ˹
Ǻ
һطɺٳĺġ˷·۾ֱˡЩ⿪ɯٵĻʲôˡһɯ˵ҲüɡܿˣûиǧҸܡһ㿪ɯٵˣŮˣ
ܿ쳵ƿˣһһµŮ˳ףݶˣһӱ㽫˵Ŀסˡ
Ů
ǰ̫ƯˣһӶûпƯŮأ
̫ˣС˵㣬ĿҲ
̫ˣ󰮰

һһ˹ȻǶһŮ޲ڡرΪһëģ۾ֱˡ
СɶЩĿѾϰˣȥóԪĻ
ʶ𣿡
СѯʵҲʲôϣϾôΣҲûʳԪһҲһ
ֻû뵽һʳһëСȴֱվ
ոտȥô𣿡
ëдŹ죬һ˫۾ĿŹСǰ͹µΡ
ʲôĿ
СҲһǹʣû뵽Է֪ҪǾʳԪ䣬Ǿ̤Ьٴȫѹˡ
Ӧþˡ·ءҴ·֪
ëٴȷϵĵ˵ͷ˵û֡ʲôԪֻǿһŮƯŮһ㣬ͷͶ˼ͷôȽһŮ˵ʱ򣬶ԸһŮˣȻеǰ취
⸽Ŀɽʱ򣬽ŮĿɽһƫƧޱȣûʲôԼŪˡ
ҹȥɡҿԸһǧıꡣ
СѹסԼĿϲԽǿҪԪԽҪϾǸԪʵ̫ƻˡƻˣһҪСС
Ǯʲô⡣ܹŮСϺҡŮǰ濪ٺŰɡ
ëǰһƳ˹ȥ˳
á
Сɵ˵ͷҲԼɯڡһСϺͿųǰȥˡСɿɯٸȥ
һǰһȺ뿪ˣĿɽʻ˹ȥ·ܶǹСɿļܸߣ˿⡣
գСϺֿʼŮˣһһȺ˿ʼ۷׷
ģСµ֣
û취ôˮŮҿҲҪСϺͺˣֻϧû
Ůƽˣܿɯٿ϶ǮˡСϺ군ˣ
УСϺŲô࣬;Եġʲô¶ɵóΪŮˣʲô
ǣǣ

СϺ͹С뿪һһ۵˹Ȼ󲿷˶֪СƭȴûһվϾСϺһҲͷĿû˸׵СϺġֻһŮɾͿˡһӶҪٵˡ
ҲһŮʮ꣬СϺƭ֮󣬹ɽͷ¡СϺˡҵʱʬ嶼ˡֻΪСϺ;ЩϵǼͲ֮ˡСϺһʱҲԽ䱾ˡ
ӻʻСںšһ뵽ܻԪ΢΢Щš
Ԫǻ쵰ȻˣʵϾȥ᲻صް
СȻԪˣʵСȴ֪ġҪĺԪӲӲĻĺܲҡһᡣҲܹ
ȥԪڲڰɡԪڵĻǵʱҾͰȴؼ
С⡣ڹСŵʱǰһƳͣȻһëСϺӳ˳
𣿡
СüͷһҲ˳˿ΧһƬƫƧûһӰ
ˡ￴Сӵġ
СϺЦŵһŹС˹һ߽⿪Ƥ
СŮҪԸúźҡҾʹȥһҪˡ
СϺһɫԵ۾ֱ˹Сⰼ͹µϣ촽ﶼɢȵĹâͺһƥǿһֻɿڵСһˮҪˣ


193 
ʲô
Сһ䣬ëϡԭϣѾôɾΪҵԪ
û뵽ëȴǺŪԼġëɫԵ񣬹СҲӿһ˿⡣
ʱôȴ˵飬ȻˬˡëɫԵ飬ĸоȻԼϣëǻ˰ɣ
ٺ٣СŮҲҪ£СϺҿġǧҪ㣬Ҫ£ԡһúõģźġһ㳢ζġ
ëԽ̰Ŀ⣬񶼺޲ýǰˮĹСһȥ
ƫƧĿɽϣֻ̣ʣһεεСŮԼúһôء
ëˮҪˣȻһһСŮС˹ȥŹСɾͺһڵĸһ㡣
һŮôܷԼһƥḻأ

ëһɫŹС߹ȥʱͻȻСɳˡԭվһͤͤһӶˣȻһ˺ë֮䡣ͬ羢ݣһ£ٶȿ޷㣡
̼䣬һ˻ߵʹëӶŤͨͱסϹȥ
ʹܣһһ㡣
ôҲû뵽һˣСŮ־Ȼôݶ
ʹ㣬㡭
ëһ߱ʹһ߿ŹСηԹޡһԭôεεŮȻһ
ùСɸղһߵòǺ׼Ȼʹǲûгױϵëҧ죬Ҫվ

˭֪ʱ򣬹Сһŷһνżֱĵطԭ˵ĵطٴܵݲУʲô˲ϵһ㣡
һɱĲҽһκëֱӱɳ׶ߣȻͨ˵ϡҵһƬ¡ɳʯ˲ɽһ澹ȻѪˣ
ʹʹˣ군ˣʹ
ӣҴң군ˣʹʹˣ
ëҽ˳һߴţһʹԭΪһ޵ȴԼ˭֪ȴëһһ߶ݺݺ
Сһۣƺ̶һֱ̧ӽɽ
һ쿴һ߷ӣ֪ƭ˶ŮӹھɱҲ֡
ֻǿϧװ׵Լôõʱ䡣ڿѰԪҪؼʱ̣ʱ̱˴ţʱ䱻˷ѵǸ˶Ὺģ
СҲٶȥˣصɯڣųͷȥ
Ŀɽܴ󣬵·Сһ·ԭ·ءܲãԳúܿ졣ǿţͻȻԼȻߴ·ɽʱһֱ˺ë󣬵ûô·һɽŷ·Ȼôۡһ·ǰܳףСɾ·ˡֲ˷
Сɿǰĵ·üͷҧҧǰţ⳵ɽǰ·һҵɽĵ·ġҲ֪·Գȥһֱһоͷġ
Сɼǰţɽ·ûҵʱ˿̣ȴһ޴ĺǰ
̵ĺˮԣ峺ޱȣһ۾ͷ·ܹˡĿĸо
Сԭ鷳꣬һһ峺ĺһӺࡣԭɽ˼Ҳûˣƿ˳˳̵ĺǰ
һ󵭵紵ɫѣ˸ԵˣӰ㷢𣬸ֳ˵ҵ
һ˫ҲΧתţһֻʤաܿĿ˽һӵϣ
һһ˿ҵ˺ͷͷƺ˼ʲôΧһɹҲǲӿͷɢ˫۳졣¶ȺܸߣΪΧĺ϶ðһһݣڷӿǿˮһ㡣
ɽϣôôһˣʲô·
СüͷܿһΪһȻʶΪһӲǱˣѰԪСӵɵôģϸϸؿȻƺȷˡ˾ԼҪѰԪ
̤Ьٴһ壬Сеһ仰ĺ塣۾ֱ
Ԫû뵽㻹ǺëûƭҡҲٺ٣
С͵͵
ԪһչأƺʲôͷͰһ֡ĹͷҪģݲ˿šһſܾͻ߻ħ
ǹСҪľԪ߻ħ
Ԫʵ̫ˣСԼһ˲һܹԸһԪ߻ħˣͺðˡ߻ħʧԼҪ׵鰡ģԪƺڳ¾硣һ̳ɹˣҪԸˡԹСһҪֹ
С촽۾һܿһʯͷ档Ȼŵȥץסʯͷˣ̧
һٽĴʯͷôһץһᾹȻֱӾȻСɾԪ˹ȥŲӯκεţԪʮ׵ľʱ
һ˫һ˿â
ԪǰƨɡһһҪ㸶֪ۡﲻôǵģȥɣ
СһҧӿȻһٽĴʯͷͺ˳һԪ˹ȥͨԪ˹ȥ


194 ץס
һٽĴʯͷޱȣԴҵϡá
ۿҪԪͷˣǾʯͷҪȥʱԪͻȻһǱûˮСȻһʧˣ
ͨ
һʯͷȥʱõˮ˲ɽضǡ
ˮɽʱԪҲ˳һ˿ң˹Сɵǰһ˫۾ݺݵõס˹Сɡˮעȴֳ׳׳壬˱֮
СҲû뵽Լû͵ϮȻԪȥˣԪһӳԼǰɫ΢΢Щɷס͵Ϯɹĺͻܲˣ
㣬㡭ҵˣ
СҧһбݣݺݵÿԪ
ʵԪҲû뵽СɾȻϾĿɽϿûм֪ġ
ԪĿҲɨ˹ȥû˺󣬸
ǹСһ˹СԼһҪúýѵһٲУûб˹˼ˣСɵʵ
Ԫû˵ֻǴŹС˹һ˿ң߹ĳطͻζСæƿ۾һߺţһѰ˼ŶԲߡ
ϾԪʵɱܶ࣬һһԪﻹͦġֻҶԪ͵Ϯÿһ͵Ϯûеֹ
ͻȻԪˣֱŹСɵļץ˹
ԪĶܿ죬һץþ˷ӦСһæǻûüһͱסˣԪĶ֮죬ûκηӦʱ䡣
һֻͺǯһ㽫СɸסˣСôҲá
ʱСɷ·ǰԸǺëַҽͻȻ̧һֱԪ֮˹ȥ
ΪԪһ˿ҵģԹСߵر׼żҲޱȣһĹƣ˲佫Ԫ߱һ㣡
ֻǻû䵽ԪϣԪһֻѾץסȣȻ˳һһ

ԪĴ£Сɸˡͨһ£Ԫײ˹ȥӾײԪϣǰɽԪӸһѵĸоӿԲ򶼵
ȻԪֱ§ϸһѽֱźϵһʯͷ˹ȥ
Ԫ˸첲棬СɾȻôҲáֻܹ
ſңſҡԪ쵰ſң
СɺݺԪָĴԪһһ£Ĵ򣬿ԪͺһӲ۹СôĴԪ¾ͷ·ͭǽڣôҲûа顣СһһƳԼƷ۵
ԪֱһʯͷǰӵϽԼ·ȻݺݽСɲסˡһȦһȦӽСɸùС޷ѿ
Сɷ·ʲôæ
Ԫͽǹżҵɫߵ㣬㻹Ҫ۸ңԪ쵰ͽ
СʹᶼҪˡһξǱԪס֮ȻԪݺݴһƨɵġ
һ뵽ΣСɾ͸оһɻʹﺦµòСԪûд͵ӿ˳Сûб۸Ԫͱ۸˺üΣ
ʹҪԪѳȥôѣԪĴʼպݺݽԪͺһɽӴ󣬸ӲɽѹסɽƷסҪû
СôҲûаôһ˫˫ŶԪסˡ廨󣬺һֻŵзһ㡣
ͽʲôʱżˣ
ԪɫЩŭһԼðôΣգһִôؼ񣬱ҪԵεġ
ǹżڻԼǸʲô˼СɿԼҲһֱ͵ϮԼҺԼʱϰ߾ΧȻıСˣ롣ԪŭҲûԭġ
ûҹżңΪʲôߵ壬ҪһܵһͽҽؼˣƭҹżҵΣƭҹżҵɫߵ
СҧԪͽСɶ֪ԼʲôˡԪĺȴʵʵġ
ǰڹżҵʱͽѾԼˣ뿪˹żң޼ɵ˰ɡ
Ӧýɱġǽ㲻ϡأҪ˾Ͳˣ
Сһߺһ߿
У
ԪһЦ
ǶΪұѵĹżҡб˹żҡѵ˵ĻǾ𣿹СɣżҲǸɢ˵Ǹιô綾ĶҩôܻᱳأԪֱ𣿡
Ԫƽص
ɢ
ͻȻСɷ·ʲôһҵ˶ԸԪĶ԰Ԫɢľ綾Լʲô
ԣԪ쵰ҹżҵɢ֪㻹µʱԻˡɢľ綾¾ǿҲֻ·һ㷴˵ġ÷ңĻһᶾģ
Сҵ˶ԸԪĳ룬æҧԪҪõɢĽҩĻͲҶԼΪһԼԽŷ˶Լ۰ǾԲܷŹġʱֻ·һˣûɢĽҩȴɢĶ¾ǿ߶οԪأ
СɺһӲ


195 
ԪɢãԪһɢСɾͷ·ԼץԪһ
ԪɢҹżүƳġϵ£ֻҹżҲнҩûмɢʱ̵ĿģûϵҪǸҷҹżҵĻƷɢζĻġʱ϶
ССԪ˶ҽҩԼżңСɸоӦתġӦԪԼŶԡԪǰһӲ״ֻ̬ҪԪҵԼûɢĽҩʹʱ
𣿡
Ԫ΢΢һЦĿ˹СɵϡСſʯͷϣǰ͹µγ˳رβ̻ͦԲԵ÷ĺá
ССͣľ׳ˣʱգȵˣǻ˵áԪ·Ѿһδģ
ԪһЦţһὫַ˹С̻ͦԲβϡһȥһǵĸоʹ˹
ʲôſҡҪǸһ£ͱҪɢĽҩˣ
һֲֻڵĴָ˹ָоùСɻ飬һӶòһæ
ҾǲҪɢĽҩˡܰô
ԪһЦţһֻڹСɻԲϸšֵĸоǷ
㡭
СߺһƬû뵽Ԫô޳ܡʹҲˣ෴ģԪšÿһδһɵ˲ȫ£ĸоһԪ־ͺħһ㣬һõ
˵ܣȴһ޷˵ζСɺһһαԪƨɵĸоָоȫСɲɵüн˫ȣɫҲǺ¶·ĸоָоɬ
ԪǸ֮£СɾȻо嶼ڹ̷šȻڷţȴͻȻϲָоģ
ž
˭֪ڹСָоʱ򣬺ԪͻȻһƳ̻ͦԲϡ
һǵ͵صӿȻһʹҲ˹
ʹ
СɲҽһᶼˡԪһֺأСɸоһƳƨɶˡͺһӺݺݳһһ
СԭϸƤģﾭܵĴݲСϴεľ飬֪ԪǾԲġʱæͿ
磬Ҵˣ磬ҲáԺҲ鷳ˡ磬Һòã硭
СæôԼҲһ绨ˣԪôôİһƴô󣬶Ҫƨɸһ㡣
ž
˭֪ʱԪһƳֱӽС⵽ڵĻ˻ȥ
أ
Сһӿ˳ϳҭţ滨ģϧǻʹ嶼
ԪȴһϧġƵûмСԽԽˡ
һ£
һ£
һ£
һĸоҲԪܲѡݺݵĳţҲʱʱݺץСɵΡСɱԲǴС˳軵ˡһֻҪúýǿԸġ
ԸһбСŮԱƱֶΡżҵ˳谮Ը񡣲ԪɲһŮ˵ˣԵСɵȻԼϡ
Ԫİһһ£ֻʹҲһ´˹ģСɺѾʹѾϰˡ
෴ģʹ󣬻һĸо˹ĸо˲˹Сɵȫ£ĸоһʹžһ˵ȫĸоܡ

ͻȻ䣬СɷһС⺰ͷȻĸоæҧס˺촽
û뵽һαԪʱ򣬲оȻֻˡָо񻹺һ
ģȴܲˡеĿܣȴƺ᲻áͷȻһΣȻԪһƳ
СϹ̵ģôҲ뵽ԼȻָоԼŰɡСɿ˵ܶˣϲڱŰ֮²ĿеġȻҲˡԼһ̬ɡ
Сæҧٷһ˿ҪԼ˵ķӦԪˣ֪ҪôЦ
ֻҧĬĬţԪһ£һĸоȻо˿ʹˡ
ģСɿʼЩָоˡ۾˫ۿʼĹ𣬺ӭԪĴθӳֳһS͵ߡ
ҧһ㺹ϸȥһž¾׵Ѿǽĺϼˡ
˰СʱԪͣϾŮƨҲһ˷ʱ顣
Ѿ˹СôãСӦ÷˰ɡԪ˿ŹСɿ˹ȥȻſʯͷһˣ㺹ܣҲҳ
ֻǾµϣǺ쳱ˣ֪ʲô顣˫֮УҲ顣
ߣԺҪٸ͵Ϯңʹƨɡ֪ھ͹ԹԸú÷˼
Ԫվź˹ȥСɵͻȻ֣ƻԼļƻãֻһСɣԪ˵ʲôֻŬһ㣬ͻ¾躦ˡ
ʱ򣬾ǸؼҵҶԹԪҲҪ¡Ȼǰﵽ¾硣


196 ʹ
Ҫɫߵɲ׵顣ɫߵ̲ŵʵ̫ḻˡ
Ԫһ֮һһҹҲûгաٴλص˺ڣڵ˲ðӿ
һһϵسˢԪԪÿһ缡ÿһǣ񱻻һ
һѹĻ롣һЩѻڵ޷йȥôᱬը
ҲԪֻһɫߵԭ
ֻһɫߵѾ˵ʹˣͬʱĻԪԿ϶ԼԻᱬ
ɫߵС׻һһЩС׻ǽǼɫߵڡڵʹҪĲ֪ǿٱҲΪԭ¾ǿҪȴǾǿҪϡͻ¾ĹУΣҲȴǾ

ԪĿͻȻһҽЩ˿ʼ񹦷Ԫˣ
Ҫ֪˵Ϊĵطһչʹ֪Ԫֻ嶼Ҫɻҽˡ
Ԫҧءʹڲţںлȼһ㡣
Ԫֻܹȥһĸоζ
һ˶йȿˮ̵ʹ࣬ǺԪʹȣֱС׼ף
ˮ볦θһٶȣԪڵ¶ٴﵽһǧȣ¶յĻΪ
ԪǴǾߵĻͨˣѾòܹˣɫߵʹ࣡
ʹ֮ģȻɱ䡣ԪоԼЩϻϸǶţ˻ҽϵɳ䶯йȥ
ȡ֮ϸһһ̵ͬһ㣬Ԫ¶һĸоһԪڲ嫣ͳ徢
Ʋ
ʹͬʱڵĸо
Сɻĸоþûлѹָоʵ̫ˣÿһ缡ÿһǣůůĸо飬ûĸо
ڻڹСɵתţû˿ˡ˫ҲԵҲǹȵġ
㺹ܣһɫĵѽĽϣ˵߳˳£ˡܹѰµѩ׼壡ഺ壬ʱѾɢŮ˶еϢˡһһЦÿһ缡һ˵ζ
˺þãСɲ̧ͷںڵԪ
֪ΪʲôԪֵĸо
ޣ̹ǵĺޣǹСɶԪĸоǳ˺⣬СɶԪһֺϤĸоָо׽һ
СҲ֪⵽һʲôоǸоԪԼһҪһ㣬һˣ
Сɴʱ״̬ΣԪʯͷϣֻſſԪ˺ۣ
СʱԪˮվϢСæ˳
磬㣬ſҺòáеۡ
СɳؿԪһ˫ҪȻΡ飬Ǹ˶Ϊ֮Ķ
ԪȴûпԱ˹ȥɫߵǰѾˣԪҲǿ˲١û˿ͻ¾ļ
Ҫͻ¾ɲô׵飬ɫߵУҪĸ
е߷֮࣬һӶͻƣͻƣҲҪµʱ䡣
һԪܹ֮Ԫ۾ɫߵڷǱĬı仯һжšֻҪɫߵĲϳˢ֮£һӭͻƵ̥ǾΪһ¾ĸ֣
һΪ¾ĸ֣磬ʼΪһˣҲǱĴӴˣ
磬ŹҰɡ磬ĺܡ㱧ºòáҲˣ
Сɺſʯͷϣƨɸ߸˵ϣ̫ǱˣرǶһɫŮ˵ԹСҪԪһơ
Ԫȴûһ㡣ƾСɺ˺ԪҲûһ㡣
ԪҪСһĳͷԺ󻹸Ҳſ
СɵʵǺܲģȹŷ˲СԴĥԲպΪһǿҲûпܡ
ڵԶԶ˵⣬ԣ̫죬̫嶯ˡԣԭܷһɰСŮܷ͡Ƕһ˵ȴС뽫ĥԲĥͣΪͻơԪʵҲΪ˹Сɺá
ɱ˹Сɣ߳׵żҡԪʱȥ
ϾԪ͹żֻһᣬΪһ͹żҽֵ̫ˡ˱˵ļı
ҪǣѾҪ׷ɱԪˡǲ˵Ԫ޵ҧгݡؼңԪҲǴųޡ
嶼Ԫܵӣǿл֮£Ԫ£һп£
żԪȡԼս֮ϡһ֧ţԪеؼһҿ⡣
Ԫ۾һߵϢţһ߾šȵͻ¾磬Ȼɫߵ͵żȥôһеȻͶӭжˡЩʲô顣


197 ı
һʱ䣬ԪɫߵڹСɣſʯͷϺá¾ҲǺõġ
˰ʱԪժһЩҰ˹Сɵǰ׼ιЩԡϾ̹̣Ҫǰ˶ҲáҲһεε˶ԼҪǶˣˣԹŷ˵Ƣһܹ׷ŹԼ
ң뷽㡣
С̧ͷҧԪԪһˣҲЩʱԪͷǳûǰᡣ
Ԫ˵ڿͷģǿģҲЩĲ̡
ϾСһŮŹŵҪԼ˿¹СһӶǺԼԪԺ󵽵׻Ҫ͹żҺúദģ˵ҲáСδǺгɳռģպΪһǿҲǲܡҪǳ˲ǿߣԼͶһǿˡ
ðɡұȥɿ֡ǧҪʲô
ԪؿСɡ

Сɵ˵ͷգգţ⡣ģƺıԪʰˡ
Ԫ˹ȥһѽСɱ
СɳҲͦģһߣֻⱧ˾Եӯޱȡ§˻ûһ㡣
ֵǣС֮˾Եðޱһ˫ӳˣޱȡƺһӱһ˵ڼСŮһ㣬ᡣ
ԪŹСһƬȻС˫ֵĲ⿪ˡ
Ͻɡ
Ԫ˳˼׵ľ룬ûԶ
㣬תȥ
Сһ˫ŭؿԪһۡԼҪС⣬ԪȴǰţʲôԪԼҲ㲻
ðɡ
ԪֻתȥǶȴźĶ
Сҧźӣһ˫գšû˵ٻЩڼ
ԪתȥͶ˿ӣ¶һѩ׻ԲƨɣһҲ˹
ԪʱԶȻͷˡʱ򣬹Сæóֻ
Ķܿ죬㿪һֱ֮ӷһȻֻ˻ȥ
һжֻת˲֮ɣԪֲˡæһк󣬹СɲóֽһʹϿվ
ˡ
С˹Ȼ˵Сԣһİôľ뷽㣬Щߵġʱ϶ǳ顣
Ŷ
Ԫ˵ͷȻתŹС˹
Сʱɵ֣Ԫһ㶣û뵽СɻôϡҲó˲Сɵ˫ס
ȻԪСɱź˹ȥ
ڻСţģ񾲣һɬ˵ʡһ棬ͺһɻĽŮһ㡣һڼСŮ
Ԫܸ˵˵ôʵҲǺеĻ
ԪС˹
ʲô
СɵĻԪһȻûϵСɻ˵ѵСӱԼһ֮󣬾ȻԼ˲ɣ
㲻ǲ𣿡
ԪСɷ˺ԱߵһǽϡȻùҰӸС˹ȥ
ңʵҲǲ㡣ֻһʼƫϸ룬÷ʱ䣬ô˵ҲáҲǶԵء
Сſ˺ӣСһڽԪ͹ȥһҰӳȥ˵С캬סԪָԸ˵ĸо
Ŷ
ԪɻӡйСɿɲôһ˰
ǹСɼȻҪĻԼͺú˵˵Ҳá
ӵġ
Ԫ㽫͹С˵һ顣
ʲô
ԪСһ
˵年ؼҵߣ⣬ôܣ
СԭҪԪƳʲôԳû뵽ԪȻ˵Ļֵġ
Ȼ˵йؼҵˡǹżүѡˣҲܹѹżҵĻ˵үӿˡүӿǲƾǿߣôܿأжԹżĹѾΪż¼ʮˡһżҵˣܱѹżҰ
ǶԷһ¾ǿߡҵʵһẦз𣿡
Ԫ
ȻֻǴǺڣǱһĴǺҪ֪ǿٱ˵һз򸾣ʮԣԪҲú¡
Ҳԡ˵е
Сɵ˵ͷȴ뿪ˡɫߴ㣬Ầ򸾣
Ϊ˹żңΪʲôһ绰ҲżҴأ˭֪㰴ʲô˼
СȻԣǲûӡз򸾲֪ʲôʱҪԪദһʱ䡣
˭֪ԪԺԼʲô¡ԹСɶһ˼ԪԪΪԼõԪκٿԱ֤Լһʱİȫ
ȵз򸾹֮Լ˵ʵӦÿԶԸԪԹСһӱü
ԪιĶҲһһڵسȥԱ˲ȵźúзһԸԪ˺ʰԪӦòʲôġ
лл㣬硣
ԪһöҰιСɺ󣬴ӹСѵõطһлԪҲһĹС˵
ԪҲû˵ʲô˹ʱһԣŮ첻ϷߡԺԸŮˣرƯŮأһҪݺݳǵƨɲСˣˣǾͻԹĻһԸƯŮ˵ĺð취Ҫú÷


198 
ɫȥһɪɪķ紵˹
ԱߣԪ͹Сɾţû˵ɽԵķͣһֱǵĸо
Ԫ˿ԱߵĹСɡ
иɽҪҪȥ˯һ¡
Ԫɫߵ¶ޱȣ޾κκ䡣СɾͲһˡӵһЩһһŮ͵ĺ⣬ԪҲ¹Сɳܲס
ˡ
Сҡҡͷ˿һɽ󣬺ģ͸¶һɭĸо
ҹڷߵʱһ˴ɽͷЩ¡Ȼ˵ԪʲôöǿԪﵹҲ̤ʵ
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װӢתصԼλһ֮ﶼ·Ҫ


204 
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һ·ɻ󣬹ŷ˾ͳ˻ѾаŵĳڻˣֱתȥؾͿˡ
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ҶɫҲ˲˼䣬û뵽ԪʵȻɳô¡ʱԪɢϢȻҶҲо˼ֿ£
Ҷھӿ͵ؼӳ˻£һͬһ񸩳ϣӭԪľ޴ƣҪǱԪУҲҪˣԲò𷴿
ãܰ
һֻǿµǵѹõ˶һɭȻµĸо¶·ڲȻһһҪӴܳȥ
һֻȴǵѹ飬·ضסˣ˶·ӣ

Ҷһ˻ͬһ˺Ԫδִ͸
ֻĹƣĵĿ£ڴ֮£Щֻߺ;ѻǣһһɫҰףᶼҪˣ
ʯͷ££Ϊӹһ٣ǣ˭Ҳܲˣ
¡
޴̼ѹ£һ˲䣬ĿɽȻʯɽԪΪģһѷΧŰ˹ȥԶһɽȻʼѣĸо
Ԫ֮ľʯ׷ױѳ촷ۣȵɳ£عƽʱһ޴ӡǰӡ֮£һƬѪģеߺ;ѻȫûѹһ̲Ѫ
òܹˣ
ҶȻ˳ȥǿһƬѪȵһĻҲһ
һֻδ֣ѹݻһСֲֿµʵҶҲûа
Ԫôô£
ҶһӸоΣյϢԼ£һսһɽ֮ϣ˫ȾȻĲ
ΪԼǵ͹ԪʵڵķâƣȻѾǿԼһѾﵽ¾ʮĸ֣
һ亹ͻȻҶĶͷϹԪëȻĸоԪϾȻһɷ·𲻿սʤϢ
ָоͺһսһ档һҪصһ㡣ˣڶСֻܹгһѡ񡣿ҶȻҪɱ
Ҷһڵ˼ڲɫߵϾѾ¾ǿˣɫߵûжáҪΪɥʧԼĲ㣡
ԼӵóȥҶԪͻȻоһ̹ǣһִδйҲûĿ־ͷ


208 
ȻԪͻ¾磬ǶԪСɻЩǡŴӵվ

һվ֮һʹʹ˹õùСɲ˵ϣæס˶ڡ΢΢Щ԰ס
տʼŵʱ򲻾ãһվʹܲˡϵѻ¶˰Ľ滹еץۣԪġرǰݵӡӣԡ
Сҧӣݣϵ·ãŶ˹ȥȻЩ㣬ܲܿԪһսɡϾԪԵĿһ¾ǿߣ
ֻ˶ڣһУСȴһӾסˡ
ôҲû뵽ͻ¾֮Ԫʵɳһֲĵز֮䣬ôĸ֡һֱǻأ
ʵСֻԼŷϼǽŷ˿¶ؾʵ
Сһ˫ӿԪӾԪֻǴʱ˿Ѿû˴ǰĶʼɣǵϲͳݡ
Ͼʱ˿̣վ˶ڣһеԼ˰
С˶ڣؿԪıӰʱ˿̣ԪվԵôĸߴͦӢ˧ߴһ㣡
Ԫɵ˳Ҷ˺һĿҶ˹ȥ
ҶҧԪĿѾûǰĿͰˡѾԪһµƸŵˣ
ôղŲҪɱôҪˣ
Ԫǰ̤һ󣬵ȴޱȡҶĶһ㡣һһ֣һִ͸ĵ
ߡ˭ˡֻĹãʰˡ
ҶһߣȻתҪˡ
ҶԪûȫ֣ǲ֪ΪʲôҶȴоԼԪͷȡʤ
Ĳ˵Ԫʱ˿һǰƺͷâҶѹסˡ
Ԫɫߵ֮ʵ϶ǲġԼʱԣʮа˾Ųֺá
ҶҲһˣʱ̣Ȼ֪ʲôʲôǽʱת·ˣԪһҪɱˣǹƾԼһ˾ɱԪûͻ¾ʱҶԪûа취Ԫͻ¾磬ҶκβˣںԪֶȥ˭֪Ԫɳһʲôµʵ
ܣ
ԪȴһߡӰһȻ׷ȥնݲ紵һԪװסǾԲҶȥģһҪɱҶһܵĻ
Ǭ֣
ԪŭһһֻεĴٶɣȻҶץ˹ȥ˳ٶȿ˲˼顣֮䣬Ҷ󣬾޴Ĵǵؿͺ񷶼һ˲кһ㣡

ǵ£ǧصȣҶɫ䣬תһžһ£ղվĵطһɽһ飬ѵķ϶ӶȥࣵһɽΡΡҡҡ׹һ㣡
ɲһУҶ亹߳ԽԽԪֲʵˡ
ղһϣ¾޷ܵסԪ̫ǿˣ¾ǿߵҲԳԪǴֵ
ҶܵøˣǱޱȡԪںţʤȯգ
ǰҶ׷ɱڷˮתˡԪ͵һٶ˲ֹһҶǰתһҲ·Ҷǰ
ӵõȥһƣ
Ԫһģһƾ飬ޱȣʵʵͭǽڣѹ޴ѹȺȻҶѹ

ҶŭһͬʱҲ͵ؽһơһԪֵ˹ȥҲ޷ܣֻܹҧӲȥˣ
ҶһԪֵ˹ȥӭԪĹƣҪԪû뵽ǣԪƷǿᣬԵͣõؼ䶼ɱȻһҶϣȻʮǿҶ
䣡
ҶֻоһȻԼ˾͸ȥǿƷ磬µһ㣬˲õҶڵѪӿһһӿţõҶѪĿ屩ߣ
ۣ
һѪ³Ҷ˲ɫ԰ףԪ嶼ڲ
ôܣôܣʵôɳµһأҲӵʵ
ҶźԪЪ˹ǲʵ顣¾һصĸ֣ұԪ̤¾粻֪Ҫáһ֣ԼȻܵزٰܹˣֻһУԼһͿأսûˣ
Ҷܲġ
Ԫ˭ԪߡתѾǾǿߵʵͻ¾磬ͻΡʵܹͬȼҶȵģ
ߣ̫ǿ̫
һߴԪ﷢Ʒѹ£ͨһ£ֱͽҶĴУܹһ¡Ҳˡ
ɴ˫ۣﾡǲʵ顣ȻһɹѪӿ˳ٹһӣ˹ȥһغˡ
嶼ֻһԴ¶档ģΪĵĵ棬ʼѪѪɫһɹѪ֮ӿ˳ԪһƸˣѪ


209 
һ¾ǿ߾ɵˣҶĿģԪ˿
ʱԪȥҶҶıӣȷòܹ֮󣬲ų׷
̤¾磬ɱһ¾ǿߣԼʵֹ˲١ȻԪҶԴʬ˳ͺܲһ˲ٵӿ˳
һ¾ǿߣϿ϶ŲٱġԪһȻһ
ʶӿ˽ȥһһƷɽͳԪУɢɫĹϢȻǿ
ҶͷôһڷɽȻûʹǱ
Ԫɵðһ䡣
ʵҶʹɽΪһʹһڷɽ˭֪ȴԪһӸɵˡҶޱȣʱûнԼһƷɽʹһʹɽͱԪյˡһֱҶһɻšΪ֪ԪﵽײʲôȻǿµ
ҲãһڷɽԪõˣÿԺú
Ԫʶڴһɨ涼һЩʯ֮ġԪһȫ˳
˿Զ߹ĹСɣԪ󷽵СɣЩǸġ
ԪЩʯݶ˹Сɡ
İ
һʯݣСһϲȻ˵żҲȱԴЩԪģ;÷⿪ġСŽԼĴͷ
ҶˡΣսˡǿصȥɡݣʣµɫߵ㡣
Ԫ
Ԫиǡһжԭûûж֪ġȴؼ֪ˡغô죬¾˲ˡϢһȥ϶ͻ˳һ⴫ġ
ʱ˶׷׸˹Ԫ¾ʵҲԵֵ
ԪȻ̤¾磬ǵҲֻ¾һءʵŷ˶硣֮У˲ǿߣ϶вܹѹԼ
ԪҪ͵͵ٵ͵Ͼڵʵ̫ˣ˵ܵУΣķȵﵽ˲ƾ磬ǾηˡĹ磬Լ߶
á
Ԫ˵ʲôСɾʲôԪô˵Сæɵõ˵ͷ
ԪŹСһɽȥˡ
ϣ
û߼Сɾͳסɣҧ˺ӣɫ΢΢ЩѿոձԪӣǸطʹòС·ÿһִʹ
ԪعȥĿ˹СϣȻҲ֪СΪʲôʹ˵ҲԼŪġ
С⽿εγģԪ˼ϧ˹ȥ˹Сɵǰ
ɡұ㡣

СӦһסԪļǷӾԪϡɽ壬ԲѹȥԪһ쳣ĸо͸·ܹԸоͦԲ״ߴ硣
Ԫ˫һס˹СɻԲΣǰȥСıܺãҲӯ¾ԼôһԺպøԸ
ԪŹСһһɽȥһŮӵҲ˱ǶԪĲϣһĸоرǹСƺ⽫ԼԪϣĥԵ
磬ҹСǲԺ˰
һ·ɽţͻȻĹСðôһ䡣
ۣ
Ԫһ򣬲ˤ˵ϡ
ɴûжҪȢСŵ˼
ССɰղŵҲ֪ʵǵѡҲ粻븺𣬵磬ʵŵġ
Ԫ֪ôСɽͣЩ϶
ʲô
СͻȻ˼ֱЩŭˡ
ߡ˰ѵһûƯ𣿡
СС졣ԪǰԼƨɣҪԼӣѵ븺̫ˣС˫ԪĲӣԪ˵ҪԼͻὫԪСⱲӵȻֻһˣ
ñȰɡۡһǾӰƯһ㡣㻹гɳĿա
Ԫû˵ӾͱСˡþһͷˮţԪϸĿˡ
ûУЦӰƯԺ󶥶Ӱţźˡ
ʲôţ㵽мŮˣ
СסԪû뵽ԪôġղԪ˵һţСɾͺˡû뵽Ȼ˵׻˶Ů
ûС㣬š
ڹСɵ֮£ԪֻٴθĿڡ
СɵƢƺ겻һСɸıһЩŮˣԸһⰡ
ſԪļϣСһԹŭԪ˵ӰĹ£Ĺ£ͷŭҧгݡӰĹ£ûôˡϾӰֻһ˵Ůˡ
һ˵Ů˲Լʲôвɡ
СɵȻġôҲǹżҵĶС㣬ڸԪȴֻܹšСɷ߷߲ƽǴʱ˿̣ȴҲûа취ղŷ飬ҲȫԪҲԼĹͷľѳۣܸʲô
˰ΣСҲֻ˳ˡڹСɶԼģԺֻҪԪԹ԰Լ߾ˡԼǹżҵĶС㣬ԪȢԼҲŵԡԪҹԼǾһҪԼ͹үӳݺʰԪԼҲҪúʵȻԺеǱԪ۸Ļᡣ


210 м
ԪػЩģ˸绰繫㿪ųĿɽ½Ԫ
λǣ
Ŀ˹СϣһԼŮѾˣǿСɵʱǱ޵ˡ繫Ѿ޹һˣǹСȴԺ繫ģӣһȾĿ⿴˶·ŲƲ
û뵽ǣԪĿɽû죬һʱʹôһŮѵǴϵɲɣ
Ůˣ
СĵǺĳԼԪĹϵ
Ŷɩɩӡ
ɫЩΡǰոҪԪ繫أ˭֪Ԫž͹ˡ
ѹԪܾ繫ԭųˮ鶯˰Ůһ㣬󷽡һεεţԪܾ繫Ҳˡ
ϳɡ
ԪҲýˡСɰô˵ô˵ɡԿֲԼ
ǰ濪ںСԪĻͺһֻèһԪԪϡ
һŮζҲ˱Ƕһ֮󣬹СɸԵýˡഺһֶһŮ˵ģž˾Ķǡ
Ҹ绰
Сɺʲôͨ˹ŷ˵ĵ绰ŷڸصĳϡ
ʲôԪͻ¾磿
˹СɵĻŷһ˿֮ɫû뵽ԪȻôͻ¾硣
ŷ˿ǹżҵƶˣӵйżԴйүһǿߵİŷͻ¾Ҳ㻨һµʱ䡣ԪŶ찡
ŷ˸ӾԪͬСˡһʣŷ˾ʹûмżүҲܹԪȡʱգԪһͻƲƾ磬ΪĹһµľǿߡ
СɣҸطšҺܿͻˣúöԪ
ŷ˶˶ٵǿһ仰ԪҪһЩ£ˡ̤¾֮󣬹żҾҪɱҲסΨн£ΪżҵˡżҾ͵ڶһ˫צ
֪ˣ㣬ҹ˰
Сɻùҵ˵绰ȻֻһԣԪĻͷԪǰԪʵţСɾ͸о˵̤ʵ

繫ЩšȻһɫԵŸˡܸо̫
ۣ̫ˣ磬㴩·ȥһԪ޵ģ
繫ٻٻ繫߹ģ̲ס繫һɫ֮ʵ̫ˡٻٻǸŮˣҲסˡһ˵Ļһᷢ繫ģ
𣿿ǣܾûЩطÿ
繫žתһӣȹһ裬õ繫Ե˵Σ߹ľʣõôʱ˿̵繫һ߳ˡ
ûаѾǳˡԣš˵ԪһҪšʱһᱻסͿһӵ԰ˡ
ٻٻæ
繫ҪԪ԰ٻٻҲҪԪ
ԪʵǿǼʶġʵ̫Եǿˡ֣ʵһѹܹ赲
ѾԪסˣֻҪԪ԰һ죬԰̩ɽԳΪ֮ǳ˽ĻǳڹģǶϣԪ
οԪ繫һʲôõءǶԪ˵Ǻһ
Ԫˣǳȥɡ
ٻٻ񿴵һţæ繫ȥˡ
ðɡ
繫ҧҧӣֻ˳ȥ
Ԫ繫ûкܴġǱˣ繫ֻҪԼһһ˾ͻԼǰ
Ԫǰ繫оԼȫӲáһһ˿ҵؾܾԪԪܾˡ
繫ԪһĶûСǲΪԼΪ԰繫ҪһԡԪôһĵˡǰ԰Ҳûжģֻǳڸжİ˶ѡ
˳Ǳţ繫ٻٻšܿĳʻ˹ͣ繫ҧҧݣҪ߳ȥ˭֪ƿ߳ĲԪȴһףúһŮӡ
θϸһֺɢر٣üۣǾµ˿覴
繫סʱԪҲ˳һƵŮ˹ȥסԪ֣һͬµģ繫˹
繫ֻˡ
Ԫ繫ǰЦŵ繫ƺƽƯˣָ߹޵ĸоһɫʺĳֵ쾡¡ֻԪоɫƺЩ֡
á繫ҽйСɣԪš
С繫֡
Ů˵ֱΪģȻ˵Ԫûк͹С˵繫Ԫ֮ĹϵǴ繫Ԫ񣬹СһӾͷ繫Ԫ֮䲻򵥡繫Ԫ˼ġ
繫ƯԹСһ繫ͽ繫ԼС
ʱм浱ȻҪռϷˡ
СȻԣڶԸⷽ棬Ů޷̡
ȻСһ仰繫·һ£͵˵ϡҿٻٻӺ汧סȻҪڹСǰһˣ


211 һ
ݡ
ĳߵƵ꣬һʽ˿Ȥ˯µķ齿ŮԱӷ׷ӵĻһЦƵסĵƹõ˵Ϣ
ŮʵʮˣƤȴˮ۰ޱȣˣҲǱúܺáEֱɽ壬ͦѩףϸϸβˣһ޾οʱ˿ͶͱЦ
ԱߵǷӣһߺžƣһ߽ݺݰһԼͦ
ֳ˵˺ƾͿҿһô˵㻰ǲ
һķǵ˹һŮʹŤŽǻȵֳ˹ȥһ˫ֱ۹סֳĲӣջ촽˷ֳϣֳɢĶŪšƵƵЦʱʱչȥ˺ҧֳĶ
һŮһĸ׺
ʲô˵ѾŪ˾ѾŪˡѵ㻹ֳı¡ɧ꣬þöûʰˡ
һòֳֵֻԡæҪһȴһӱƿˡ
졭
ŤŻĽšһ˫ĵӹ˿ؿֳСг
˼ûӲҲܺúźֳ㰡ֳѵ㲻ϲֻҲŻ鲻ãҿָѶȵĶŶ
εε˳ƣ·ĳЩ棬־ֳĿˮˡ
˳ýģҴϹҲǼ˵áƣѶȵĶû˻õֳղܡ˺ֻκŮ˶ûζһ˵ƣ;û˻һ
ããá
ֳݺںͦץһѡҪǺԸźԼԼĻֳǲһֳȻóֻͨ˵绰
ιС𣿸ҽһԡ͹
ֳ绰󣬽ֻӵһߣһɫźȥ
Ȼúܡȹɡ
ֳ˵˵ſˮˡ
Ҫ
װ˼£˳ˡԼǰķˣһ˿ĺɱ
ΪԼӣŲܽԼô׸ء
ûϵԼʱšȵһˣʰңȻʰֳ
һССĸֳѣֲľֳ֪Լ塣
۾ΪԼӣһжֵõġģһջ
Źʮӣűˡһ۾֪Լӹˣæֳƿ
ֳ㿴ǲһˣ
æŵ

ֳ·ϲʱ˴ţ̧ͷʱ򣬷ƿһŴͷӳ˺ǰȻԼĶһ
һż򵥵·ʱѾǱףǺһһˡ
һ
æȥסһһһϸţһ˵ģͺһ׵۾ݵıӣ˶Ŀȫˣ
ô°ҵĶôһ
һ۵ģôҲû뵽Լӻôࡣ
һһݵվţʱȴûֻǿǶֳ
ֳллңһһû
һ˱֪֡ʲôʾãʲô˸лȥͽʲôˡ
˵úøлɡϽźң
ֳҲûһֻһֽԼղѾûðֻкءԼʵֳŵһҲӦźԼѡ
裬úźֳһҪֳˣñǵĸмȳȥˡ
һ˵꣬תȥˡ
һ
һıӰɫһΪоһЩ֡ʹһһ

ʱɫֳѾȥ˵ɳϣҲûзֻǾؿ컨塣
һ϶˲ٵĿͷҲãһѵԺѧݣ顣
ţͻȻ̧˽šʱֳֵó˽Цˮરવ

һתȥ߼һʹʹȴ˹ͨһԵ˵ϡվվȣһȳһ
쿴ȳˣ
ɲɫŵģȳȶԲү
󼸸ڷ׷״˺Ц֮ˤһǳЦ
һĬĬҧأվʱȶǶµġȴʼûлͷȥЩЦԼ˵ΪЩ˸ס
һû뵽ԼؽȥļͷȻмԼǰĳҡһʱ䣬ڼֱŷ˵ĥ۸ϻҪˡ챻ϸǱʮ˰ΧŪָоֱ
һʱ䣬üҧ˹ȵĽŽˣȴԴվ
ΪҪҪ˪ŮҪԼһУҪݺݱһԪˣ
ǳ޸ˣҪһ¿ʼһҧһһ˳ȥ֪ԼˣʲôҲûˡһеһУ˫׬
һ߳һߵĳ


212 ĸ
˴ϣԪſžϢš⼸췢̫࣬ԪҪú
ԪɱؼߣһؾһҶ飬ؼҿ϶һؼԼǵˡϾһ¾ǿԼһ޴ʧؼҲܽȥġ
Ҹ˵ԪֱӽҵĲǿ߸ˡؼҺͻҶԼҧгݡɱ˻񣬴˻ҵǲݵĴ
壬лԪͻ¾磬ҲԵֵ
żҵʵʵҪԸϵֿͿЩˡ
ǹżһǿԮԪһҪ£ϾԪڹԮһ˵̫ˡ
Ԫͻ¾磬ٶȣһ꣬һʱͿͻƲƾ硣
ԪҪôһڻȥȥаⱾıǮδһ꣬Ҳ϶ޱȵļΣա
Ԫغ͹СһȥݣڹżؼҺͻҲȡǿӲĴʩĻԪڹżһ꣬ȡͻƲƾ硣
һУҪżҵ˼ˡȻ˵ڹСǿ϶վԼһߵģǹżҵµǹŷ˺͹үӡ˶ǾˣԪ²͸ǵ˼ԪǵλõĻȴһԼһǿĶֵġ
˼Ƭ̣ԪҲЩˣſ˯ȥǰࡣǰǴǾʵҪԻҵ׷ɱ˵ͷޱȡ
ڣﵽ¾硣ǲƾǿԳûܹɱԪ¾أ¾صǿߣԪ򲻹ӡɱֻвǿߣҲ˵Ĺֻɱ
Ԫſ˯

繫
Ԫ⣬ŮźţͻȻ
繫֪ʱԪǰᷢʾŮҪ˵Ȼ繫ŷ˹ȥ
繫ǴһɫȹȹӹճɽԲͦҪȹ͸ӵİɫȹڣܿѩ׵Ĺ֡繫ԪȥƵԱ¡
һһ˵ζ˱ǶԪһˡҪȴ繫ס˼
磬˰
繫˹
繫
Ԫһ
𣿡
Ԫû뵽繫ҹ繫˼Ԫ֪ģֻԪأԺ繫ûаܡҲΪʲôԪܾ繫ԭԪû뵽Լܾ繫һٶԼ
ûʲô²ġ
繫һؿԪȻ˵ԪܾһΣ繫ȴûġ
繫ֻһŮӣ̫ҪһԼˡԪѵüĶĵӣ繫ҪˣԼκεź
һ˫⻬СԪĺϣַɣһһ£Ԫһĸоůһ㡣
ǿЩˡҪ㰴Ħһµġ磬û뵽һôƯء
繫һţһȻ˵ɣ˵Ưʱȴһʹ
СûôƯĻ繫ܶԼһЩû뵽ԪϵŮôڡ繫оԼûһơ
Ŷðɡ㳤ҲƯ
Ԫſ˴ϣ˹
ǹ˵İɡ
繫ŭؿԪһۡԪ佱˵Ŀġ
ᣬƯԺһҵһ˵ġ
Ԫŵ
ǣֻϲء
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ԪֻûһȣҪѣȴ繫ѹģѲȻ繫ͷԼļϣһĸо˹
磬֪ҺԵ޷֡һֱ㡣Ҫˣˣ͵òã
繫ſԪϣᶯ˵˹ﾡ
繫ǲұˣֻԪȻںԪܣֻҪԪﻹԼˡ԰Ҳ벻Ԫ繫ֻԪһ֣ԺԼʲôҲԽԪæ
ǳ˽Ļǹģ繫Ԫκεܹ֡ԪųͨѵĹϵͺˡԺ󻹿ܻ
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ԪҪ˵촽ͱ繫ָסˡ繫Ӻ汧סԪǻȶ˵ӾԪϣֳµSͣһ˹
˵Ҿ㡣
繫
Ԫ֪ƺҪ־ЩġϾǰԼѾܾ繫һΣҪپܾʵЩˡ
ԼҪߣ繫ҪԼһɡ
Ԫɴ۾ϴ·ٺܵ繫·Ҳǵһ𣬶ܹоԷºͼ
ر繫ǷӣûиҵԪϣǱɽ壬Բ˶󣬻͹𣬸ԪԵĸܡ
ԪоЩðæɲԼʱٷʲôԪɴת˹ĬĬһһԪתţõԪ屾ܲһЩȫŽ˳ȥ


213 ̳
繫һҪԪСҲͬŲһһԪ˹
һС˹ŮһҪ˵繫ǹСȴʹ˸ɫǲҪ˵
СɷԼе벻Ԫˣһʱ䲻ҪԪڸʲôʱ͹ˡ
ƿţСҪȥԪһš˭֪ȴ繫ſԪϣһ
һĻСһ˫۵ɴˡ˫ֲʱҲʹˣҧĿ졣
͸о繫Ԫ֮䲻Ծˣû뵽ôʱûסԪһԹŮͻһ
СﶼҪˡԪǰԼ繫һȣСҲûôʱ򣬱ԼǸʲô˼
Ů
Сĥÿ죬Ҳð˳֮ɱ˸޲ҪһԹŮɱһ
ʱ繫Ԫѹתͷһӿ˫ֲŭݵĹСɡ
繫һ죬æ
ССɣ㲻ҪᣬңֻǹԪ˵Ự
繫æ׹СԪŮˣԼǣⱻСɸײˣ繫ҲҲס
˵˵˵ȥ
Сһ߽ҧгݣ繫ﶼҪȥȼĳ嶯ȻҹԼˣ
ûаңֻǿЩˡҪĦһ¶ѡңҡ
繫վǶ֪ǺáһǺ졣
˭ϡ㰴ĦԪҪź㲻֪Ұ
СԪԱߣžһƾͳԪƨϡ

СĶŭˣһƳ֮һԪʹö˳
ȻСˣҾ߰ɡ
繫Ҳȥˣֻת뿪
ߡ㲻ϲԪĦǱȱȣ˭Ħúá
С繫˰
繫һΣ˭֪´λ᲻ԪһҪݺݾ繫ͷС

繫һû뵽Сɻ顣
ˣˡ
ԪҲЩƿأæ
ұ죡
һ˵ͱСɸˡȻС繫ԪĴߡ
ĦأҪСʲôĦ
СͻȻץסԪļ͵һһ˹Ԫһ˲ҽС
ϲ³İĦǲǰ硣
СסԪĶ䡣
ǣǣǡ
Ԫֻõͷû뵽ԼȻ˹СôһŮ
ϲСŮˡ
Сͦͦأǰķ;ͦ˫
УҺصݾͻˡпյĻ͹ϲưɡһҪƯƯŶ
СͻȻðһ䡣
ʲô
Ԫ繫ͬʱһ˼ĿŹСɡԪʲôʱӦ͹СɽˡⶼĸİԪû뵽Сɻſڿӡ
ԪҪڷȴСɺݺסƨɡԪ죬ֻñ졣
硣
繫ԪỨ˸
ǰôءȻܽӸ簡ҺԺ󶼲ˡǻĹֲԽˡ
СС졣һҪ״繫ͷ繫ôƯ߹ôãһιԪϹѱһιԪϹ
үӺ͹С˵ԼĶԼһҪסˣһԼĴ
ԹСɴʱʵŹүӵĻ
ǣףǡ
繫æתͷȥԼʱ򣬸ȥˡæת˳ȥ
繫ıӰԪ̾˿
Ȼ˵С˵ЩˣǶ繫Ҳһ顣ԪȻ֪Լ繫ˣ繫˼Ԫܹܵõġ
Ԫϣ繫ഺ˷ԼϡԹС˵ŵʱԪҲûгԡ
أԪԺҲδزϾػĿɽкأԪõŵĵط
繫󣬹С˿ûȫһ˫ӴɱؿԪ
ðԪǰ˵ֻŮˡ繫ô¡ɫǣ
СɵͻȻԪ֮䣬͵һš
ԪѾﵽ¾磬¸ӲޱȡǴƨɣǴ˲ԪǹС֪ԪǸطһ־Ƕ׼Ԫĵط
ȻСһš֮һɻĴʹ˹

Ԫ̧ͷЪ˹Ĳҽǰһֱ񣬿û뵽۸治һʹ
СץסԪĳطͲſˣݺһһµšĵһҪݺʰһ٣ýŪˣʲôȥġ
ԪտʼȷʵЩʹھתһطʱһӲ˲䱩ǡ
СţţȻû˿ʹԪһֵ
ʹҲˡ
Ԫ̧ͷŵ
Ҵˡ
Ԫ¶һʹ顣ȴڰšԪʹģСɾ͸ˡ
͹ǡռұˣҹżҵˡԺùص㡣ĻҾͼ棡
СҧźӣȻԪȥȵĽӡԪϣһԪӸܵߺ
Ļһúź㣬ġ
СĻﴫ˹һֻĸоǿģģС֮ϻġ


214 ̥
ŷ˵ڶϾأ͹Сͨ˵绰󣬾͸ϵ԰һ˴һкŷԪ͹СɸԼ뿪
繫ȻЩᣬҲӡֻؾԪ뿪
ŷ˻һ߹ϵģ˸ʻλϣʼնûô˵Ԫͻ¾Ҳûж˵һ䡣ӺӾڿԪ͹Сһʱü΢΢һ£Ҫ˵ʲôȴʼû˵ڡ
ҪסԪǹŷ˵һƻڿСѾԼļƻʵʩòˡɫջӦÿסԪɡ
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ŷ˱˹
ǣС㡣
˾æ˳ӣٲȵ
˾ʲôߣȴһϵ˾һĵηϤ
Сʱܸϵ·̣ܹСʱϵǹŷһԭڡ
㣬ʣµɫߵ
СɽӸ˹ŷˡŷ˵˵˴û˵ԭԪΪŷ˼֮󣬻ԼּۻһٴԼһɫߵҲһǹŷ˵û
ˣ㡣һؼҿܻ񱨸ǡǹżҪȡӦԴʩŶ
Сƺʲôգӵ

ŷ˻ɫƽص˵ͷ
ؼңңжԪɱ˻δƶ˻Բԣ
ͻȻŷ˵˹
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ʵĶŷ֪ˣǻҵĴ飬ŷ˲ֻ֪ܲһʼŷ˲ûв²⵽ԪġǺԪʵɳԪֵĵطԼĵطŷ˱һ롣
ʱĻ׼¾磬ԪֻǴǺڡ˵ͷŷӡһƷʵԱ֮£ԪȻܹɱ˻񡣹ŷ˸оԪкܶܣǹŷ˲ûȥʶѡ
ԪֻǴǾĻŷ˻ԥıʡȴܹˡ
ΪԪ̤¾磬Ѿӵ˺͹ŷƽȶԻʱһǿߣӦлء
򵥵԰ףŷ˺Ԫû˵ˡŷԼ˼ԪҲԼĲ²⡣Ԫû뵽ŷ˽Լô飬ŷ˶ԼҲкܶĺ档Ų²⵽Լϴźܶܡ
᲻Լһصݣŷ˾ͬүӽԼѹȻԼأ
ԪĲ²⡣Ԫ֪⼸ܷΪŷ˺͹үһĻԪԥ뿪ùżҽһԶսܵĶ֡ڹż˵ٺһ
һ·ǰţû߿ׯ·ߵСƫƧûгԺܿص
ھһɽʱͻȻһ̥ˡ
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Ӽǰţ̥Ħŵ棬𻨡˼ĺХ˺þò̥ͣڻ˲٣
ӵͻȻͣסõóڼɫһ䡣˾æͷһȴһƬϣȻ˶ӡɳأûܹ
С㣬ɳ˶ӣ̥ˡұ̥
ḻ˾ҧҧȻǰ
ôඤӣһ˹ģ̇ͷÿǰԶ߰˸ȾɫͷŰӵΧƺȾơԱ߻һĻɫġдš̥֣
һƧطթĹ߷ˡŷɫһŸʱȥ˭֪ȴ飬Żںò׽ӵԪ͹Сɣؼû֪ͨͼææسˡҪصݣٳ¶ˡԽǽŵʱ̣ԽױЩµʱ䡣
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̥ܲ𣿶Ǯ
ŷѹŭ𣬿ë꣬¶һЦ⣬ž¾ϻѸ֡ͬһģëˮ˲˳
壬ٿ顣
ëڹŷǰ˵Ͱˡ
ã޺̥Ǯ
ŷò˵ͷȻƿ˳ԪСɣ˾Ҳ˳
ŷ˵˵Ȼ֪һ·ٵĻ쵰åڳ̥ˣŷ˻ź˷ȵȵ̥޺ٶҲ١
ŷ˹СһԽû֣һ߰˸۾ֱˡȻһһŹŷ˹С˹Ŀ˹ŷ˺͹СɵϣĹâ
˸촽ˮ·Ҫˡһ߹ʣһС磬һԽûˣɫ㣬ֱȵӰﻹҪÿһ޵ˣԭҪٲթ߰˸һӶ˱˼
ΪһУʹ˸ɫԼŷ˹СɸΧסӴֵ㣬û뵽ȴֻˡٺ١
촽һЦͲ⡣Ŀֱֱ˹ŷ˵ϡСףŷ˸߹ʣ֮£ŷƺӷԸһЩϴȻҪõŮˡ
ǡŮûټŶ⼸ŵ


215 
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ЦеŹŷ˹һЦͲ⣬һͻȻŹŷǾµ˹ȥ
ͻȻ䣬һâûпŷô֣ŷ˵־һӴжˣͨһص˵ϣѪӿ
ԭһЦУ·û뵽ᷢһĻÿһĻס˰ΡȻһӷޱȵĲҽסԼһֻ֣͵ؾ͹˵ϣشʹúɱһ
ͻȻѪȵһĻõ˷׷һŹŷɫһˡ
ôҲû뵽Լϴ͸磬һȥͱ˸ɵˣһɴ䣬û˿أ
ŷɫҲǸһĿЩ˹ŵϺͱ䣬õЩ˻һս
ͷˣҲԼĽŵľ͸ҹ£
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һһ£ͻȻͷһĲҽУȻͨԵ˹ȥ˲Լ˼ңעѪӿ˳ҽеЪ˹
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һƯ߹Ůˣȴ̡Щ춼˲ʶԼˣʶǵ˲õˣ˲ôע⡣ΪһһŮˣһɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
ߣΪ֪ôĶȻͷϡȥ̥ã
С˳ǵһͨ˸鷳ءЩ죬ЩˡղһֻģֻǹŷûиֵĻᡣ
ǣǣǡ
ʱ˿̣ЩﻹҶ˵һ仰ģæų˹ȥȥ޲̥ˡ
һУԪֻԱ߾ؿšйŷ˺͹Сǿ˵ͨˣ߹ҲǵĶ֡һȺȻ˹ŷ˺͹Сɵϣǻˡŷִܹżң׶Ը
ЩԹȥ̥ģԪֻЦ۾صϢ
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һɱԽԽǿԽԽ£ĹСҲˣתͷȥ䱸
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ɨ˹õԭ޲̥Ļ춼վȣȥüԶеĻ飬ſ˵ϣ⵽Ͼǻֵ̿顣ȫÿһͷڶš
ǼôҲû뵽һĶֲµʵǿ޵Ůˣһɱڣ·֮䣬һƬʯӣ
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˲ǱˣǻĶ壬¾صĻ
һֺ˫Ŀо˸Ԫϣŷŭ𾪣ȻûϵԪȻͻ¾硣Ȼ˹ŷ˵ϣλ¾ڶصĸ֣ĿӣɱŰ
ŷˣû뵽ҲϡܺãɫߵѾõˡһԲҪˣһҪߣ
ָָվһԵԪ
Ԫɱ˻񣬵˻үӣǻҵһСҪǣԪȻͻ¾磬һλǱĿ¶֡ܹȥ뾡նɱԽնɱԽãʡպǿΪһش
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˻ĻСɫ˱䣬˹ŷˡЩĹŷ˻ӦϾŷһεǴɫߵǴԪôѱԼ㲻ᶯҡ
Ԫɫû˿仯ȴھŹŷ˵Ļش
ʵһҲùŷ˴нѡʱˣŷѡԼô͵ڳ׺ͻҾѡŷ˲ѡԼôԪͻȥӴ˺͹żҶϾһйϵ
ԪԪѾҹżҵˡҪԪǺҹżԡԣְɡ
ŷǰ߳˻ǰһεƴϯ𣬴棬֮£ҲԵϸ߹һ˫ǹâ˸˵İԵϡ
ŻɫȴǼƽ⻪ԼĶһ˵ԪһССҲͬûߡŷ˭ǹżڵƶˡһƶˣ͸ŵżҵϺڣ
ɫ˱䣬Ҳû뵽ŷ˵̬ȾȻǿӲʱ̣ȻѡԪ
áȻŷ˲ʶôҾȡɱԪŷˣΪİۣ񽣣
һʱһǰδеķâХǷâ֣ɢɫĹ⻪˲õضǹ⻪֣·ʱվֹһ㣬һǰδеϺɱҲ˲£
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Ԫ͹СҲоһɺϮ
Ʒ
Ԫɫ˱䡣û뵽⻪ҲһƷԶ׼ǣƷڻ¾ǿߵҪȻҪǿ࣡һɷâ޵еƣ߷ӡӳʮĻô߷һ٣࣡
ʱԪڵƷҲǲϵļ˷ܵȻһƷ迴һƷ񽣿ʼ˷ˣҪ񽣸ɵΪԼʳ̰ſ˴ڣԾԾԡ
ԪһȴѹסˡڿɲԪʹʱ
һķ̫ʹãһ¶ȥˣ˭Ҳ֪᲻ᱻŷ˺ͻϡԪҪŷ˵ʵӵƷôŷأʲôԶԸġԪ뿴ŷ˵жǿ
һƷ񽣣Ȼ£һֺ󣬾ʹƣâԵ޿ƥСɱŰõض׹ߵĸо
񽣵ƴʢŴʱƽվŵĹŷɱ䡣
ŷˣȻҾͳȫ㣡񽣣
ŭһ˲ʹһǿϣȻŹŷ˺Х˹ȥ͵ƣԵķâһǰ·ԴһУ
񽣵Ŀ꣬ȻǾŵĹŷˣȻŷ˲ʶôôԼͶ񽣳˽


216 
ǿһǰδеķâ·һ˲֮䣬ضҪƿˣʱֹͣţ
񽣵ģȻվһĹŷˣ
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ɾʱ򣬹ŷͻȻ䶯ˣһֻ̧͵ؽһӡǰƳ

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ǰδеķâƣҲ̼仯Ϊƣ
ʲô
һĻԪͻɫһ䡣񽣵ǿղһԪҽӡû뵽ŷ˾ȻĽˣ׾٣̸Ц
ŷ˵ʵҲ̫˰ɣ
ŷ˽һ񽣺ɫޱȣ˫ַٵýӡŽɫĹ⻪õԵø߹ޱȡһ⻪ڹŷ˵ָתһֺһڹŷ˵ǰγɣ
һɫֺһɫ֣Ȼγ֮󣬱˲ųķ⣬һ˲֮õһƬ
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ŷȻֻ¶صʵԪȴоƾԷԵ⣬¾磬ûκһܹĶ֣
ǾԵʵԼӵ裬Ҳǹŷ˵Ķ֣ʱĹŷ̫ǿˣ
ԪŷΪʲôִܹżˡ¾ؾѾǿᣬͻ˲ƾ磬ʵӵľˣ
ŮˣԶɽٷ磡Ԫжϣ
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޴ִŴݿ࣬һеϢ£һ˲䣬վĵطΪƽأﶼ˲ȥήתӳȥĻҲһֵɨУ
۵һ£һѪ³õɫӲҰ
ʱ˿̣ȴͣŲ˵Ϻָŷǰ˳ȥҲǽŻһ⻪ȥ˳ȥ
ͬ¾磬Ʒ񽣵ӳ֣û뵽ǿʵ֮£Ȼһо˹ŷˣǳ裡
Ȼо裬ȴӲƴȥŷ˵ʵӲƴȥΪӲƴȥζ
ѹֻү˵йŷڵһ죬żҾͲŷ˻鴫
ŷˣһˣһ
Ԫɱ񣬱ΪżҾͿԱ㣡ţǿߵĽ٣ϵ¶ûܹȵ㣡
ӳȥ⣬ŭҲǴ˹вŹŷ˺Ԫ
Ԫȴûһ㣬ʼ硣ʱ˹ŷˣӾŮ˲һˡ߹Ưһӵǿߵʵһ׻ĹƵŮˣ
ŷ˺ܿջƣعƽϣȴӡ˵ҿŷһۡ
㣬׷ȥɱ
СС⻪Ԫ鷳ģһηŹˣһһСɿɲˡ
Ī׷
ŷ˵ȻתЩ޲̥ˡЩ˱ŷһУһսæͷ޲̥ǸоԼֱǷˣȻôһµŮˡȫĽ࣡
ǰԹŷ˴ˣʱ˿̣¶ðˡ˫ҲŶ߹ϣʵǿŮˣֻˣûһܹɡ̫ǿˣ
ŷȻԼ뷨ֻһˣԥ׷ϻȻɱˡҪǽɫߵԪȥ̰ɱ˻Ҳߡʱסͱˡ
Ȼǹŷ˲ûгաϣǿ˶̫ࡣ
һмְû˵صǽ壬ǸղһС
һ̥޲ˡһȺæսսضԶˡŷ˲ûмǵ鷳ŹСɣԪ˳ȻƺƵźݸ˹ȥ
صݣɫߵһ¾ǿߣһҲˡŷ˱۾Ϣ


217 
Դӳһ֮ͳĻˡŵ飬Ҳȫ˪Ȼ˪ᣬĻ̵պҼŶҪ˪ġ
еʱϲڣųǽĳ㡣ڡ
һգ˺Դĸߴıվ˺档
ʮģĹҲһʮĺֺ֡ǿ󡣱Χκ˿һ
վɨΧͻȻ䣬ԶһɫСʻ˹һ䱸
һСʻܿ˵ǰƿ߳һīӡ
ݱͦһ·ɾֺ࣬±¶Ц⡣
ΪǰˣҲЦЦͻȻӴǹǹ˳
ڻûзӦԴϾһѪ˲ȻͨһԵ˵ϣȻһغˣ
ɴ۾һĵģ
ǹɫҲǲɵô䡣æһתվһīӣͫ׽Ƭ̺ƺʲôŴ͡
㣬һ
û뵽һȻæҪܡһıǹȴ׼˹
ߴĴҲһ϶Ц⡣ǹָȫһӸµģ
һϼڸҰǹ£;֪
ҧĴţҪѰһܡǵ·һסˣ·ӡ
ϼ㡣飡
һͻȻǹĴһѪҽһͨԵ˵ϣŴȰһ϶Ǻ⡣
Լ飬ûֱӽһɱˡӳԼһ˾һֻɶĶ棡
Һĺ㽫ƲҡȴƫƫҪ˪ǸŮˡΪҲӣǲǣ
һɫ˰̣ͬУһëȻĸо
ҸĸӵѾˡ̰ᡣǧĲƲ㻨һְɡ㲻к³ġ
סеŵû뵽һӳһԸԼ¡һҪԸ˪ҪԼŮҲˣĿˡ
ǧ򣿰ǧҪ㡣ΪһһֻС𣿡
飡
һͻȻֿһǹһѪ˲˳ʹᶼˣ
ԽǿʹҽеģһԽ˷ܡίȫǰ΢ֺšû뵽ҲԼ΢ʱ̡
ҵģһúõĥ㣬ȴɱ㡣ΪҪ㳢ʹζ
һһЦšͻȻֿ۶ǹ飬ǹŴֱƣϡʹ鴤亹ðһˡ
һһ߿ǹһ߾ʱ˿̾ʵı顣ַ侫׼ÿһ¶ʹȴֲҪ
Ⱥúĥ㡣ȻҾͻȥúĥ˪ҽ㣬ϧġôҶԲһҾһ򱶵ĴۣģһۿôһţôŮʹһһʹζ
һԽЦ·Ѿ˪ԼĥȥһĻ˪ԼģԼһµĿ¹ģȻͷŴʱѪʶģ
̧κԲ˵ˣһҪſʹģأ
һЦ

ݣżң֮ڣŷˣԪС˹վţһصİš
Ԫ˵ǲܵġϾԪʱ˿ŵһƾǿߡһƾǿ߶Լ̬ȣԪҲ׽
㱨ү֮󣬹ŷ˶û˵ΧһƬڹүǿѹ£û˸Ҷ˵һ֡Ҳô
ԪɢĶҩ
үڿˡû뵽һ仰ȴѯԪɢ顣ʱ򣬹ŷ˺͹Сɷ׷תͷȥԪϣƺʱԪɢ顣
ɢǹүƳĶҩֻйүӲܹû뵽ԪȻˡŷ˺͹Сһ˿ɻ;
ǡ
ԪҲ˵ͷ
ʱһĿͻȻ͸ǽڶԪϣʵʵģҪԪ⿴һ͸һ㡣
Ŀ絶ƷϣһĿⶼԽԪиǹүԼԪо˶ûܣһ˿ҳ˹үӵǰһǿǰܶκε˼
ԪҧҲܿԱ¶ܾԲܹ¶ȥ
Ϊ裬үδػ졣һ¶үӿ϶ᷢ˷Ĺᡣ
һߣȫһʱˣԪˣʱܵ׼
ʮӣүӵĿ˻ȥ
ɫߵȡأԪ㹦û
үӲϵ˹ȴǺȡǿ϶ԪĹˡ
һ㳦ƷΪ͸㡣
үӻһ䣬һڷɽȻ͸ǽھ˹һӾƯԪǰһŨҲɢ


218 㳦
ʲô
㳦
үӵĻŷ˺͹СͬʱһȻû뵽үӻὫôصķʹ͸Ԫ
һɫ㳦ǰɢŷĹâǱĺ˲õΧ˲١㳦棬⻪˸γֻҪѪˡ
㳦һ쳣ķɽҲԪΪֹķɽû뵽үӾȻҪԼ
ҵͷһƷɽӰһڴҶõƷɽֻҪˣͿΪáڹүʹһƷɽһӾڷɽڵõĿڷɽͿԲɱˣ
Ԫâ˸š
ôҲû뵽үӾȻὫһƷɽԼҪ֪һƷ۶һ嶼Ǽ󺱼ġ
ǹүӾȻԼɼүӶԼǶ£˼ˡ£ԼҲǸ˾޴Ĵˣ
лүӡ
Ԫӹһ㳦Źүӱ˱֡ôһѵõķɽҪĻǾɵˣ
Ԫ֪ڸղŹүӵ֮£Լ϶ܶүӷˡ˵裬ӰһڴҶͷõģûбƷɽ
ֻЩȻҪ˵ԼһǱ޴˵ܲ㡣ԹүӲûж֡ѡ£Լ˵ڹүӵԼķغأ
ҲӲ˵鲢ûбүӷ֡
һ䣬Ԫȥżܹݵôһ꣬ﵽ˲ƾ磬ԳװĹˡżһƽ̨Ҳȷʵ໥ãҲǲ
Сɡ
һϵŴ˹
ڣ
үӵСæ˹ȥɫЩԪӹүӵõһƷɽ֪үӻԼʲôأ
Сﾡڴϲ
ԭߣЩ߻ûǿʱ򣬼ǿ߾ͻ跨ǹżȴ¾ǿߣǲӵзġ
ԹүӴûиСκηΪʵͻܵӰ졣
һζȡɫߵСɣ㹦Ҳܴ󡣵ͻ¾磬һԽһĹƷ
үӵĻ˹ȴûСɷ
ߣ
үӵĻСС졣үүִ󻰺ŪԼԼҲҪԪƷҲøһƷԼɡȴʲôҲԼ
ᣡ
С˻ȥһƲ֡
ˡõɫߵҹżˡԪڿʼҹżҵˡˣúðһ£ѡԪ͹Сɽ°˰ɡ
үӳȵ

Сһһߺˣһ󣬱㲻˵ֻɬؿԪû뵽үôãԼԪһӾ֪ˡС͵͵ԪȴԪɫƽϸûʲôӦ
Ԫ֪һżң϶ôһϷ롣Ҳ㲻ˡ
ԪҪżҵԸҺؼңżҵȻҲҪѾ˼ԪסżҡˡԪҲûзԡ͹СѾ췹ˣٶһʽ֮ڵģҲûʲôˡߣȥںЩʽʽġҪ顣
˻úòٰġ
ŷ˱˱֡
ˣɫߵҪѩˣȥȡһЩѩԪСɡԪոͻ¾磬ҪʵСɣѾ׼¾ˣҪɫߵͻ¾硣
үƺЩˣ˵˰֡
үӣǸˣ
ŷ˹ر˱֣ȻԪСɳȥˡСסԪֱۣͻȻ䷢Ԫ¾Ȼʪˡ
Ȼ˵ϣԪ򶨡ǸղżүӵʱĶᵽɤӿڵġޱȡ
ϾԪϵʵ̫ˣǹүӵĻҲ̲סҪһԪǿ¡ǹүӲûȥ
ԪһιҲû׼ġүҪֵĻҲа취ѳȥ
ڿүһصˡԼѡ͹żҺҲûг
˳Һ󣬶˿óԪԹүһǿѹŷˣСԹүһǿҲѹ
֮󣬹С¥Ԫ֣Ƿ˵˹ģѾԼԪСϱ
СɣͺúдԪԪԺǹżҵˣҲÿʲôС˵
ŷһ˫ӿԪ͹СһۣȻת뿪ˡ
磬ȥԺɡʽ԰Ŷ
С§Ԫֱ۵
ˡڼŻȥ㳦Լȥɡ
ԪСɵıӣȻֱԼǰķȥˡ
ðɡ
СֻС졣ԪҪȥ㳦Ҳûа취ֹֻԼһȥˡ
ԪܿصԼķνڷɽȡ˳ֱӰ㳦ڷɽɢűĺ⣬â㡣ÿһڷɽһȻ㳦
ʱԪ̱Ҳǿ·ǿ˿ɿڵζһɢ̰Ŀ⡣ֻԪȴûд
㳦ѪͿҪдˣȽ㳦˵
Ԫ˫Ŀо˸͵һҧָһĨѪӿ˳㳦֮ϡһԪ㳦֮Уһ˿صϵ


219 ɱ
һ㳦ȻǷޱȡԪѪ֮󣬾͸оһɴ̹ǵĺϮ鶼׹ߵĸо
㳦֮䣬Ҫսʱǻ˵áһָʹ㳦˹ȥһֿ̳»ûüӦ嶼
Ԫһ㳦ⷿХһɫĹ⻪˲ʹĺ⣬䶼·ѩĸо㳦ܱߣܿϸ΢ı׹Ǳ㳦ĺŰˮ׷ɱԵʣ
̫ˣɱҪһԵƷɽΪ⣡ڷɽܹõĿڷɽɱĻôһ󷨣ѹƵһƷ
Ԫֹ˷ܵ顣ɱǰġĪֻһЩƷɽ۳󷨺ȴѹסߵȼķһƷɽĻ͸ʤʵĺܺõһֶΣ
һ㳦ѾѪȻԪĶˡԪͷһƷɽǴҶͷõģûü
ԪھҪȥһЩرĹƷ¼Ȼһ
Ԫ˵ܿתŹż˳ȥԪϲˣЩԼܹ鶼ԼȥҺܶܣҲϲ֪ϾԪڵʵ̫ˣҪԪˣֶֻġ
˹ż֮Ԫ˸ʿֱӸ˲г˲г⣬Ԫ˵ʿȻ߽ȥһЩرĶִҴҸ˳ææȥԼСʱʱ䣬ͽҪɼĶɼˡվ˲г⣬ȴŵʿǶǿ״̬Ҫһʿ治׵顣
ԪڲгȴʱһɫĴʻ˹ֱײеֱӴԪԳˮԪæ㿪ˣüͷȻǶ˾ʺͷۡ
ֻȴͣҲûֱͣŲгһС˽ȥ
ԪȥĻᷢǴżˡԪʶģһڸʻϣīɫһ
ǻűѾʶ˵һԪûпԷһĳܿսСڡԪȴһҲ˵ʿŵʿص˹żҡ˲
ԪĻص˹żҺ˷ţǰİ취ʼһڴҶõɽˡ
Ԫڵܷء
һҪɽȡķɽɱɱʵ
Ҫ¾ڶأأͻƲƾ硣ﵽ˲ƾ磬Ϳˣ
ԪҪݽ
ݽһּĹ˼ǿݡݻһݣһݣֻǸıòݽȴǿݣϢԸı䡣һѧݽݸ棬¾ǲƾǿߣȥȥҲֲˡƾµǿߣζǷֱ˵ġݽڱ׷ɱԪ˵ôȻһ㡣
ݽҪﵽ¾ҲΪʲôԪǰûԭ򡣶ѶȣӰ֪϶ٱ
أԪʱ䡣ڹżһ壬ҲʲôΣա飬ҲиӸߵĶšйżҹүһǿ򣬻ʲôܹԪµġٹһЩʱգԼǹүӵŮǹżҵˡүӲܿԼµġ
ԪֻѾûˣĿɽʱԪֻ͹ػˡʱ˹żңԪҲûȥ磬ʡñ˴šֻʹãԪҲϤԪ˵ʱ򣬻ᱻ˶λ١ΣյĶԪҲʹáЯţҲֻΪ˷ʱȥˡ
һһⶼ˷ͷɽĴϣ˲ʵֻзʵһеıǮ
ˣ
ʮӣһڱԪˣڴﵽ¾磬ٶȿ࣬Ҳϲ٣ƷҲˡѪ֮ԪһƷɽ֮Ͻһ˿صϵԪһڷɽХ
䣬һǰնһ㣡ԪҲоâ赲Ʒ
Ӱ㳦
ԪڷɽХ˳һڷɽ۳һε󷨣ɱȥһ˲䣬ضɱɱ񣬷ɱ
ڷɽ㳦һƷɽΪɱһзӰҲɱΧϣͿն϶ֵһ֮·ˣԪԿ϶ͬʵ¾ǿߣԼڷɽĹƣû赲أ
¾£ܶԷжˣǾԵɱ⻹ֻڷɽһ߿ڷɽɱ󣬽ǳ֮ǧҲ׽ɱķƱɫزңԪҪһЩʱնȡɽܹɹ
ԪһڷɽȻֽջڡȻóһѩһɫߵѩɢűĺʥޱȣɫߵҪƿǶһ㡣
ѩԪɫߵ͸ˡԪԥ׼ɫߵɫߵͻ¶أأȻͻƲƾ硣һоͶҪηη˼ˣԪɫ


220 ѪܵĶ
ûԪڵһӣ˪ֻýȫľڹϡԪ绰Ԫûнӹһٲˣ绰ϵϵˣһޱͷ۵⡣
ģ˪Ҳϰˡÿ϶ῴһ̨Һӷһ̨ҺƯԪԼĺաԪƬ˪ͻúܰġ
˪ԼԪһĳֻǾǲ֪Ԫϲأǻϲ͢ߵ¹˪ȷǣԪԲϲ㡣
Ԫôȥ߹ҶӵĻ᲻ϣ籭Ҷأ
˪һߺһֹʱ÷ͻȻˣһǾɱһ˶ԷڣһȻˣ
ۣ̫˧˰ɣ
˪˷ܵΪſɵ˯£ǰѩ׵ͷ˳׻һƬӿ
÷һǽ֮ϰ볡ıͽˡ˪һ׼ȥõ㶫ԡϣǼѵõġ򣬾Ҫúףһ¡

ʱ˹˪üͷȻ˹ȥ˻Ͳ
ãС㣬һݹˡ
Ͳﴫ˱
ݣ
ʲôʱˣ
˪źԸеС졣һʱæŹɺ
ɡ
˪ҵ˻ͲȻתȥ䣬һ·ϡĺܺãٺõҲֻԼϲ˿ˣжౣؾʹౣء
һ¥µıˡŴ򿪣һݺӾ͵˪˪ܿ˷ţӷϣ˼⿪ݡ
ü𣬴ݣΪ֪ݵ˭ġ

˭֪һ򿪣һĻ˪һӾ˳ȥԶʧɫ
ΪֵĻȻһֻѪܵĶ䣡
˪ŵ˳ȥɫҰסôҲû뵽һֻԼֱȿֲƬҪֲס۾һʱ䣬ٿ
ǾһЩ˵ˡܿƽ
˹ȥĲ˷ӣֻһֻѪܵĿֲ⣬һƻֻ
˪üͷֻ˿ֻһ绰룬ȻһƵ
˪оЩޱȣȻ֪׷ʲô飬ܹоһֲ顣ʱһʱ뵽ԪԪԱߵĻͲôˡԪȴڡûκ˿
˪㿪ƵʱһȴϤĲҽд˹ƵֵĻ棬˪ٴμһһӵֻ

˪һԣסϥǣһӿ˳񿴵ޱȲͿ־顣ôҲû뵽ƵֵľȻԼĻ棡
ӿ˳嶼ڲšһֻѪܵĶ䣬ǲٿԼ׵Ķ䰡
ףΪΪʲô
˪嶼ڲţվվ֪Լ׵׷ʲô飬ʲôʹࡣʱ˿ֻ̣绰ȥԼ׵׷ʲôæԼֻͨ˵绰Ƕʾǹػһ¸˪˿ֻŵ֮У
˪ޱȡֻһףҪǳ飬ô졣ԷȻԼ׵Ķ䣬ʲôֲ̬ģ
˪ҧ֪Լʱһܹҡӿ˳˺þãԼƽȻֻͨһ롣ǶԷԼΨһ
һҲûнʲôңΨһöԷܵģֻǸ׵ǮǶԷΪƣһӾ˸ôذ
һŮӣڼңȴͻȻ˼ĹһֻԼ׵ѪܵĶ䡣һֺεȿ¿־ľ
˪ΡΡͨ˺롣绰һӽͨˡ
㣬ڸҴ绰˰
ֻﴫһĵģëȻڵһ㡣رϤȻһ
˪һɷˡôҲû뵽ȻһġһǱ˴
һ㣬ʲôҰְôˣһ
˪ҧǱİ˻һ㣬û뵽ȴһһµˣ˿ʲô¶ɵóİ
ôأ㣬ˣҲҵĸҵİְְӵôԼİְأǲǰҵĺý㣡
һִ˹˪ҵƺ˷ܡ
㵽ôҪְ֡ôˡһҾ㡣ҪʲôҲò
˪ҧ֪ʱ򣬲ܹһһζķҲܹҡΪʱֻпԼȻʱĺܺ¡
ߡʲôʸ̸С˪ҿȷĸ㡣һһǱġҪһҵĶҪеǮ㣡һҪ㣡
һԹ˹
ʲô
һĻ˪ɫһ䡣һҪǮĻ˪ʱΪ˪˵Ǯƶֻ֮ѡһȻҪҪԼ
û˪Ų֪ҴСϲ˰ɡأƨɣͷ㴩ϯ¶Ľֺͷù֪ÿһοҵһ뷨ʲôҪ㣡ĻҪãҪ㳤ñ軹ҪƯζ϶ҪϰٱҾҪ㣡ҾҵĹ۲죬ӦûǴŮɡҵĽ㡣ҲҪռҵĲƲһҪռ㣡
һҷ
죬ֻʱ䡣Ҫʮڣ˪һ˿ҵľ壬͹Ҫһã
绰ͷܿҶ˵绰˪㶵վ˷һӷ·ˡôҲû뵽һıԼͷϡһȻԼô̬Ҫ


221 ݽ
˪ĸо벻һȻ˳һ϶ϣԼ绰ġʱ£˪ûбİ취
һ棬ҪǮ׼סʮڣɲô׸㶨ġȻҼֵǮôӴһֽ𣬸ó
˪ʱ˿̸ûпˡ˱
˪óֻͨһϤٵĵ绰˵Ȼ뾯ĿŵĲ飬ҪǼŭһͲˡֻ󾯲æϣԼҪʱ
ΪһΰܵһǱˡһԼĺ⣬ԼһǮƣ϶ŹԼ͸סһϾɱ
˪ܿ˵绰Լ£ٶȷԼѰҪܹ罫ȳӭжˡ
Ůͻˡ˪ȴ侲ȥ顣ȥһĸӵƬԼ˷ѰˡҵˣԼһЩ
һܹȡĴʩȥһһƻݵˣҪҵҲô׵顣˪ҧܹȳףֻԹȥˡ˪׼һЩ
пܷ飬뿼浽ʱ̣ơԼˣҲһļıóѡ

⼸˪˵һ尾ڶϣԪ۾˫Ŀ֮Уһ˿γ֮ɫ
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Ƥ仯ʹҲԪԣԪҧĬĬšͷϹ顣
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ݽģһһװ˵ĴˣԹһССľ̳ȥڵԪȴǲܹĽǼ⻹ûеһز

һԪ˿һ½ǡʱĻȫŤòչкġһ߰˸СʱѾǼˡ
ЩӶˡ֪ȥŪЩԵĲźáڲŲ賿㡣żҵĳ֪ûСˣȥԵտɡ
Ԫһ룬Źżⱼ˹ȥʱӲг·һտ̯ģĶƺͦζ˵ġʱȥ
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ԪҪҧȥһŷݶѾһ룬һγ޻ţѪ


ԪϵĹͷĦرǿ˴ǹˡЩǹ˶ĵطȴʹޱȡȻ˹ĥˣ
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˪ɳϣͷɢԵú㲡ӽӵһ绰ûк۹
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ǰһĻıʣ˵ԤϡԭΪ˪Ǯתˣģû뵽ȻôһһһеԶʮˣ˵Ű裡

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һ⻪ޱȣٶȿ޷ЩֻоһɺϮȻͶһӣһ˲Ϣ

һҽмͬʱʮֽӲرŰǹƣͫѾɴˣȻͨԵ˹ȥȻȫˣ
һ˲䣬һĻֳ·ɵһ㡣ͣȿ־˵
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ʱԪһԴϣһšֳӾͶϵˣԵ˵ϡȻԪǰ߹ȥǰһѾתųһ˹ȥ
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ʹ㣬Źң

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һǹܺãֻԪ΢һˡ
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һǸһ䣬ΣȴʼԪͷϡ
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Ҫ˪ͨͲܹ˿ķġԪ˪󣬱۾Ȼһ˪ĺϡ

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ңһͷԵվ֮ǰ
֮ɫߵʧ֣ŷ˽ֵİս˵ǰְܣʱһ߷߲ƽľһһ˵뻪Ҳǿ߻
ԪѰ֮ˡҷַݣԪϱضйŹ֡
սȭͷҧгݡߣǶԪģȴǴûм
ʵʵ̫˼ˡԪʱԪڡھȻһӳΪ¾ʵżµʱ䡣ֽǵ߿ӵеġң֮УҲûκһ˱ȵϣ֮죬϶йŹͷ
ңһ·ȥġȳȻûбκ˷֡ҲдڹŹֵĵط
ԪһһҪɱˣ
ɱŭ
Ԫȷ
֮ڴ˻۵ͳɣۿǻҵĲǿߣϲðԪ˾Ȼɱ۰ӻǳƻһ𳬼ǿߵϣˣһǧΣһζΪҴǿϵˣֻһ³
ɫߵǿԲҪԪһҪûȥ͹żҽ档նϺԪһϵ
ڵͳϵŴ˹ͬףŲ˷ϡ
ǡ
һ֤һ㣬ص˵ͷɱԪɱ޷ݡйżǰ浲ţһ¾ڶظ޷֮Կ˻үӵ֧ͲһˡûôһȻѹżҲòͷ
һԹת˻ңֱźݹżұ˹ȥ

һƧĸɽϣ˿֮ڶɽˮһӭ֮£һ׷ԲԵµĻ㱨һλߺݿ£ݣһ㣬һܴһ˫۾ȴɢͬӥľ⣬һסһöӣǰϡ
һ߲ǱˣǻҵļˡҲһƾǿߣ
ؾ֮Ҷ֮ǵĵ鶼һԪйءһԪߴʱ˿ڹżҡ
һǲûеõɫߵʧλ󽫡ؼ˵Īʧָʾ
һӹعߵǰͷ˵ϣ̧̧òܹɽؼҼ˵ģҲ¾ǿߡؼ쵱
Ԫ
סӵָͻȻһһöӾͱѳΪ촷ۣһͷ׷Ʈɢ˳ȥ
ؼһ¾ǿߣҪķѪԴοҶϣͻ¶أصˡȻҲˡһܹȥؼҾͲڻ֮У
żǰԪؼұһżˣ
˻еʱһöҲͬʱϡһöӷȥһ־Ͷʱ˷츲صı仯
Ԫ˹żңؼ߿⵽ϢһǺٷͻġ¹һ¾ǿߣһպǱڵľ޴вؼҲòˡǸٲصĴۡ

ͨҪķľѪԪ¾ǿҲЩá
ִ˪СǰƿԪ˿ɫ΢΢Щ԰ףʱۿ˪ȴԽԵýĶˣйâתһݸ߹ʡģΣʥúһ·ӡ
˪Ҳӣȴһ˿˸
˪оô
Ԫѯʵ
о֡ӯࡣܶࡣףҵһЩ
˪սȭͷԼ˲١
ڵڵԵʡŴȭ
Ԫƽصһ˵һߵڵϢո̫òúýеϢ
á
˪վֱһȭǰ˹ȥƽһȭȴһ磬ϯȻûĿΪǴǿȾͿԸ֪˪һȭһȭԭȵȭǿʮ
˪һȭǰѩҲǶӿ֪ΪʲôھԪǰһĦԭͷ˶ɽ嶼ԵøͦԲ޴󣬱״쳣Բÿ
ࡣ̫˰ɡҸо¶˾񡣶ң˲ء
˪ı仯֮Уæ˷ܵһߴȭһ߸Լı仯Լ߶ȳࡣԭԸıԼôĵط
˪˵ģԪЦԪղŸ˪ͨķҪһϲܵӳ֣˪̥ǲŹء
ȻֻͨһľҲ㹻˪ˡ
˪㴩·ٽһЩʽɡ
Ԫɨ˪ʱǻεǰ˪һԪ˺ܴѹҪһ˿ҵĴʽףԪ浣Լʲô޵˭˪ǻѪء
á
˷õ˪ԱĶûȤʱɵһСæݴ·֪ΪʲôտʼԪǰЩɬڳ׷ſԺ˪һҲˡѾԼԪ˰ɡ
˪ȥ䴩·Ԫ£ص˪ȷʵŲ˰ʱʹͨһľһЩܹϵϹŷ˰ɡ


227 ʽ
˪һɾTͳˣɫT˶Եøɾ࣬ŻԲ͹ֻͬãܿ͹С㡣
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Ԫɫ˪
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˪ֱͦˣʱȴǷ档
ҽĵһн֣ŴӺץסҵļ򣡡
Ԫת˪һʺ͵ϮԷӺ󱳽͵ϮԪԪùַãһּķ
˪һҧӺһץԪļϡָֻһԪʱͻȻԪļһգһ˪־ʹԪĸ첲ȥȻһɲǣԪһֻץ˹ס˪֣һۣ˪һסˣһܶ
оͽ֡ƴľǷӦԷӺ͵Ϯһʱ΢΢㣬һգ͸ɳ֮Ϸץȥתˣ
Ԫ˹һȻ򵥣Ҫõ켫ѡ
˪˵ͷ˼ĸоƺڻζŸղԪĶͻȻֻǾڼλãȴȷӦԵĺð취
УֱţץϹۡ
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Ԫڸ˪ģʲôԵܴĹַõǳףȴʵá
˵ţֱӹ˵ӡ³Եʽ˴ֲ
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Ԫǵһ統ʦԭΪ⴫һѵ顣
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Ԫæб۾˪Ҳûץֻǻͷһ£
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˪Ҳû뵽Լѧô죬С죬΢΢Щ⡣ΪԪﶼ˾ȣԺǿġ
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Ԫɫ
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ϾԪԼһѵҪңڵҲʺϺ˪̫ľ롣
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ΪԪû㹻ʵȴܵĻˮ˲
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Ϊ˰˪ʵԪҲȥεİ˪ͨ

־СʱڣԪڰ˪оͨˡʱ˪Ҳ·
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ԪóöȽ˪öֻֻʣöˡ
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Ԫüͷ𡣹Ƭ̣ڵʵҲûйϵҲġ硣ԺҲصȥҲôŬԭ򡣡
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ǣӰҲ𣿡
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˪Ҳ˲ٵС˵ӣЩ˪ǰζŵġȴˡΪԪĻ᲻š
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磬һҵӰġȽЩԡ
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˪ҧźӣỨ˸šʵԪ磬ҲܹġҪ˵Ԫȥ翵硣
Ԫֻƽļ仰˪ȴţţͻӿ˳


228 ɽ¥
˪ͻȻԪΪʲôҪԼ䡣ԪԼ䣬ԼбԼͲʱԼˡ
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ǰһ͸װԭԼҪԪġôԼأ
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˪ɵת˼ȦԸȤװ磬ԼҲסˣοԪء
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ԪǻҪԼԼʽҲôأ
˪ﶼỨ˸˳û뵽һԪǲ

ԪԭȷʵҪ˪죬úý˪ġȻ˵˪һţʽ棬Ҳ츳ǵֻһ֡ܶ෽涼λҪԼְȥ
ֻǺͻȻ˱ʣԪżææŹżҸ˹ȥ
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񷶼Ҫ̮һ㡣һɱĸоƵķΧ˶úѡرѹֵĸо
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Ԫ֪һƾǿͻȻΪʲôǲǿߵĽٿ϶д·ԪҲоԼйء
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ĿͬӥĶס˹żҡͬһֻµӥ
һǿ߽٣εȵĿֲżҲû뵽вǿ߹ѹϢõ˶оսͿ־塣żһӻæ
ˢ
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ŷ˱˱֡Ȼ߲ƣǵҲһǿߡǿߣеòضǱġ¶Էĵ˶֡
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ԭŷվķҲʼϹγһѷ죬Űȥҡҡ׹һ̾Ҫһ㣡һƬƬǽڰƬ׷ɣͽȻӵѹ£Գܣ
ʱ򣬹ŷҲһҧһǿƳȥֵ˵ѹȣƴ֧ţ
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229 ǿ߶Ծ
ŷһ˻ڿ֧ţǺȻһǿߣܵѹ޷
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ǿڰжնţû˵Ԫо˵֮У˴Ѿս˼ٸغϡĸֹУ񽻽ӣѾڷսˣ
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ԪһֱԭûжΪڹšŹżҵķӦżҳܲѹҪԼԼڳȥǼֱˡ
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ͨǰһ̤һۻΪӶȥ˸޾ϣһӾõ˺ͻ۸оѹȡ
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ʱ䣬ֻǹŷȡ˺ͻƾǿ뿪żһƬֻڿУһɱķΧ
ͨص֮Уܿŷ˴ŹżҲ׷׸˹ȥ
ǿ߷лżҴΣһ㡣ż۷׷סֻһǿߣҧԵֵסͬʱ𡣹żٵѹ
һζҪԪϾֻһˡ
ǡԪżҶҪ군
һϵݰΪһ˲ֵð

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ƾǿߣһѹżȫ˲顣ԪȻ˹żңǵżûãֻһˡ
үүԪδ򡣡
С֪Լˣʱվ˳һ˫Ứ˸šԭ⼸׼Ԫӣ˭֪ȴ顣
С㣬ʲôʱˡżҵһа
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ŷ˺ؼվһû˵ؼȻҪԪƽͷȴ÷
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ֻǿ˹СɡΪŷ֪СɶԪġ˭Ҳû뵽ԪؼҺͻô

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ԤƺҲڲʵ֡ԪȴһǰδеĴѡ
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232 ͨ
үе˹סԪ֣һ㣬Ƕһ
ԪҲ֪ˡЩ죬ĶȥžˡһỤµġ
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ԪԪúԼʵܺؼһԿϹżңҲֻһġͨȻƣûôףֻҪػҷֳһλǿסͨ죬ʱһǿ㹻Լ͹żˡʱԼȥ
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żҵһЩߣĿⶼԪϡżᶨΣΣϣԪȹⳡѣҲԸԪΣյʱһ֮
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ŷҲ˹żҵԶҪġҪڹżҺԪ֮ѡѡżҡԪȥҲǼѰ顣ԪˡȴĻΡ˹Ҳǰ̾
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ʱӿµÿһ缡ÿһǶʼ䶯šһĹĦҲ˳
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233 ʧԪ
Ԫʧˣȡ֮һˡžӣžֵӣԪԼİ
ģͷ͹𣬶ִ󣬱ҲܴԶԶû֮ǰô˧ȴһӲʵ顣ߴ壬ʵһۿȥ˲Сơ
ԪݽСɵĽֻܹ³ĸıһò任Ա𡣵ĸıѾ㹻Ū󲿷ˡΪԪԼϲˡ
Ҳ˲٣ﵽһ׾壬ţԵúǿ׳ʵ
ԪģѾıˣҲǸ뿪żҵʱˡ
Ԫһƿţӭ濴˹Сײ

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㣬˭Сһţ񿴵һʲôһԭԪģ˭֪ͻȻһİˡһŹء
С⾪㵵ģõԪһԼ֮Լûǰô˧Ҳڳľ춯ذɡôСɿԼӦ
ԪѣҽӰԪҹæġ
Ԫװģһİ˵ģͻȻ˹żңⲻ˵ĻɡʱȻҪԪˡðԪúˡ
СһģԱԼûʧܡ
˵ԪѾǰҹСǰôû㣬ҲûԪ˵㰡
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˵ǾǡҪ֤ĻԪ˵ƨ룬һųΣһš
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Сգݺڵ϶Žšƨ룬Լ볤ĸطֻԪ֪û뵽ԪҲ˵Ȼˣ
Ҳ˵ǰƺԪѡ
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СǺ졣Ԫʲô¶ͱ˵ҪԪúˡ
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СɴԪȥؼȻؼҲûϳԪԪԼҪ
Ҫؼæ׼һŽӰ֤Լʱ˿̵ģƬ
ϾԪҪӰֺȥͱҪкϷ֤Сؼǹżҵˣܴ˵ʲôġһ֤Ҳֵ顣
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Ԫʵ̫оŹֵĵطˡôҲֲԪĹ֮
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޳ȳϸѩ׵һһ˫µĸ߸ЬԵĸȳƣһһϵʱȳ߾ͳ˳ȻǰɽȴǼͦΰȻٲȻһķ羰
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һĿԪϣɡرҽһмƵģ
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һһŴ˹׷׽ҽĻԪŮվ˵ۣҲ֪Ǻáҧ˺ӣ
˲һҪҽִյġٶ࣬Ҳ˼ûа취𣿡
Ԫ俴ҽԼβòñ˿ʲô̬ԪҲЩŭˡԼҪȴﵲţ˲˭𰡣
㣡
ԪĻ·ҽߣɫһǺ
ҸСӣҽѧʿɲǰġҴСС֪жٳҽѧҲ֪ж١ŦԼüұֽרűҡһģƾʲôսҵȨ
ҽƺ޲Լõ֤飬ݺݴԪ˵ⲡҪ˷ɻΣСƫƫҪⲻǺԼȥ
۵ҽԪһ˼ûСֻǿԱķȹŮ
үү첻ˡܰ·ɻͼš
ԪƽźĹβ˭֪ȴôָָ㡣ԪҲûʲô顣һҲ꣬αԼҲʹء治Ӧöµġһúĳ˶鷳
ŮҡֻҪ˷ɻһ˼ȥõҽԺ֯õҽһκ˼ҵġ˼ҵɾܲκεڰ
ʱҽ˳ƺǺԪˡ
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СӣҪβˣ˼ҳ⡣˿Ҫͷϣ
Ԫȥβʱҽղϸ˼ҵĲ飬ʲôⲻ֪ĶðСܹúã
ҪǿãԼýȫƵȥԲ˶ߡٺ٣һСӴˣҪù
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СӸղһվҾ֪˲
ǰܹʱվһĳĺ˰
ҽôáȥҽԺ϶ܻӭ
ǰھǷȱҽ

ʱһһ̾˹׷׿Ԫų޵
ԭҪԪЦҽɫһɷôҲû뵽ԪСӾȻһӽ˵Ĳκˣ
ղŻǧټƵСβأȻһһĿҽϡ
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ǰҺøղСûĻҪĻβǾĲ˰һе𣿡
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ҽһӶˡԭҪһͷû뵽ͷûгΪ˵Ц
ڨڨվɫѿҪҪ䣬ʵǰȴˡѵ˵СӵҽǼٵģװ׽ΣͷӸκ˰
ҽֻܺ޺޵ÿԪһۣȻתԼλһ̣Χв˶ָָ㣬ƵѪҪ³ˡ
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Ϊղ˵ĹУƷƺ뽭ʲô
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ҲһΪԼӸղŵڶûչʾߵֶΡҲܻɵԼϡ
磬Ȼȥεġһɡҽ˾Ļϴ¥ǽߵĴŶ羰ܺãҿԴȥιŶ
ƷƶھԼүү˺кøУǷ롣
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Ԫ˼Ƭ̣Ԫ˵ͷ
ðһȥ֪סĶءܺһҵȻ
ԪЦŵ
˵ˡʵҲûôڽءʱһȥ档ȥ羰
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һĻڵ˶Ľ̾ѡҪ֪ӿʼڣһֱСŮڲӰ˵һСŮģ
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Ԫܿƽλϡ뻪ңúһӣͻ˲ƾ磬ֱӾͶң
⵹һǳ뷨Ԫ̵ĸо

ķһ·£Ʒƴ˻ϻӣǺԪĵûȡԪô˵ƷƾͲϺԪ˵Ȥ顣ԪţʱʱӦ䡣ԪȻ٣ÿζ˵ϣһӾƷЦû֦չǿЦõûڲġ
ܿɻͣ˽ƷƷүү˷ɻԪ
ҽӦûҡҴ绰
˷ɻƷƲûм뿪óֻͨһ绰
Ԫɫһӽ䱸ƿǻҵһ˵Ҳ¾ǿߣҪˡһΣҪƭȥȻòҪƭȥǾһΣ
ܿƷƹҵ˵绰Ԫүүڵšһһɫ·ʻ˹Ŵ򿪣߳һ׵Ŀӣժī¶һϾĹһ֣ȫѹȸУ


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һӣԪɫһ֪˾ƷƵĽҲǻҵһǿߡ
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һͣƷƾֱӴԪϿ˹ȥƿţһǷٸĻģǷഺۡ
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238 ˿
һںݣڹżңעһѰӡһ磬żҾͿʼճÿһ˶ƽȴ
˹żҵһЩ߲㣬û֪żһôӦؼҺͻǿߵĹĿսżҵ˻
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һ𳬼ǿҲǰεض˺ͻ۵ǰӭǿߣȻǹżҵһǿ߹ͨ죡һ֣һɰԵҲɢԵ磬񼤵
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ﻹЩǣͨӲȥʱĽˣȻ˹żҡҲûǺԺⲻǼ顣ңʵ˭Ҳ˭˭Ҳ֪Լʧʱ򣬻жڱͱӡڻĹȻ˴˾Ĵսûз
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ΨһĿܾǹͨԪؼҺͻӵѶȡ
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ûȫԴڵߣҲҪԪҳ
һԪɱ˻սȨζҪ
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ԪɱؾҶؼҵǿߣ˲˻ΪؼҺ۸
ǿ߷ʩԴԴӴ൱һ֮ǵأֻΪѰһԪԪ˻Ҳܹҵ
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Сص˵ͷʵǰδеĿ


239 ּ
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ڻңԪʱ̶Ҫı׷ϣ޷ȫȫ⵽˻ңͳײһˡû߸ڻ

һϵܿһ峿Ԫ۾һ˿⡣˶Եþ˲١
Ԫûȥѯʹżһʲô߷ʲôżԼϵ֮ؼҺͻӦòðΣѡͨҲһƾǿߣӦÿԻӹżҰȫ
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Ʒһ˷ܵؿԪʮ꣬͵Ůӵ棬һһŵ档
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ѰŮˣģزƽ̹Ʒȴһ⡣ȳϸزβҲϡһȻģģӡ
ȻԪֻ룬ܿ˷ϴˢȥˣûô˼˷Ůϡ;ѾǾŵˡ
Ʒȡһ͵һĳµϣԪ˾ĸڿŴںš
ԪȻûмգûϵǺóһû˸ɧŵġǮ˵ᣬǮ벻Ȩ
·ԪƷƻҪϤΪ˲ɣԪǴGPSһ·ŵϵ·ǰš
Ʒƽ촩ķഺɫţж̿㣬¶˰޳ȣϰǰɫTǰֻðȻܹͦͦԲ״ഺԸеƷƣԪֻоá
ҲǷƷӣƣʡ·Ҳ˳ޱȡ
Ԫĳܿͣ˽ߣƷƿ˳ȥ
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ŴͣˮˡȻû뵽Ľ߾ȻôһŵഺŮ
ԪҲ˳ȥĴҲǸпѡˣڻص˽Ϥķ羰
ֻǽЩϤأǻڽĵεβɵӿͷԪͻȻ֣Լת֮󣬶˺ﾹȻһЩȵԼ뿪ʱ򣬻һЩԸ˺˼ɡ飬һ˵Ķ
Ԫ￮̾һƷƵĽŲȻƷͺúõøرҲãϾҪڻءʱҪƷƸùϵ
ۣƯŮ
ǰഺӵŮټأ
ǽǰһʩһŮԺǽҪԽԽ˰

ŮƷһߺ󣬾˲˵ĺ䶯۷׷סһĿⶼ׷ԪƷƵϡ
ԪںţҲʱʱΧ˴ԼʮӣԪüͷ𣬿˿ǰ档Ϊǰһ·ԣжʮΧһ̯λǰĽߣԵüۡ
̯λϣһѿƣһźɫȹӵŮкˡһŮ졣Ȼޣ޽㣡һȹŮģԪ̼סһ£


240 ѵ
ǸӰֱĳǴЦգϤ
Ԫû뵽ޡӦþǽô˵Ŀʩɡ
Ԫ벻ǣھȻʼڵ̯ˡƺܺãΧԡ
ǳǳЦţкſˣԼ
磬ߣߣ
Ԫؿ޵ʱһද˹ƷкԪˡһ޻Ƕš
ƷƵ̧ͷҲԪ߿һֻۡһֺܿȥкˣֲ˲ͷϵĺ˿𣬸˵ġ
ûϳԼԪҲûȥк˼ƽԶţֻҪǹúþС
ԪƷ˹ȥƷùһ޻ǵݸԪԪһڣġڼ
⽭棬ϲ˶ˡڼܲҳȥ档
ƷΧȥһ߳޻һߵ
㵽˽ͺúĵ̣Ҳ۸㡣
ԪЦŵ
ǻҵĸݵأҪ˸ҶҵˣԪԤǸ˿ɱ³ƷƵİȫԪһҲġĸڸء
ǡҽڽǺġҲϲϲˣ˵㣬硣
ƷͻȻƤؿԪȻԪˡ
Ҳϲء
ԪҲȥϡ
У
Ʒһм
СôҪأҪƨƨɡ˲Ƕϲ㲻ϲ˵㲻ˣ
ƷƺԼģͦͦأɽȻͦΣҪǰTˡ
ǵԱһ޻ǵͷˤ˵ϡƷһ󿩿Цöķһ㡣аģһַഺ۵ĸо
ԪһߺƷһûһ˵ţһҲʱʱ޿˹ȥһЩʱղޱࡣ
ǰķ糾ޣȴһݳŮ˵Ĵݺͷ顣Ц绨кſˣСһ֪ĸо
ԪԶĬĬؿšڵӹʵӦҲɡȻ뿪ԼǶǰúˡ
ԪҲοǶѵõƯŮӦҸ
ԪŵʱȴĸŰӵ˹ΧסޡһϻĸһֺԱߵ˺һǺµģæ׷׶㿪ˡ
Ҳ¶顣ȻĸЩ
ĸΪףһĿⶼϣ޸Σл޵Ĺ⻬Сȥȴ޸㿪ˡ
ĸǽһĻ죬һн󽭸磬һ˵ϴרȡѵġ
Ԫüͷ𡣲ʱûȥǴ󽭸ں˵ʲôﾡǵϷ
һֱ࿹ܵ飬õǴ󽭸ûеóѡȻóһĳƱ˴󽭸磬вˡߵʱ򣬻ݺɨһۡ
ȻһձѵˡԪжϡ׬ǮߴƺЩˡԾк⡣ҲֻһŮӣԸһЩĻûа취
Ʒơ
ԪͻȻ
ô
ƷƸղһֱŽϵķ羰ʱһ㵵ؿԪ
һ¡ȥе顣
Ԫƽ
ҲƷ˵Ԫ;ֱǰǼȥ

󽭸磬ǰ˰ٿ飬㹻Ǻúóһˣ
д󽭸Сһ·εǰߣһ߻·ߵŮڡҪж⡣
󽭸磬ǿʩİʲôʱ
һ촹ȥ
ʲôһҴ󽭸ġһŮ˵ȻҲҴ󽭸ġֻŮһپͻȥˡûʲô취
Ҳǡ컯յģҲǿô
𼱡ȹлġһεεôأ

󽭸żǰšԪںšȻ⼸˵ĻԪĶܿ󽭸ǰ·ڹ䣬һл˹ȥԪϼӿ˽Ųǰ档һס󽭸缸˵ĵ·
ʲôˣ
ԪͻȻһ֣õ󽭸ɫһ䡣Ԫֻһ˵ʱ򣬴󽭸ʹ˸ɫԱ߹ȥһѽԪΧСȻ߸ߴ󣬵ǵҲֻһˡѲһ˻Լ˵鷳ɣ
ԪĿҲ󽭸ϣһ˫·͸ˡȻղձǰɡԺҪŮ鷳ˡ
Ԫƽĵ
ǺǣС˵ʲô
󽭸˫ֲͷʶһЦ
󽭸磬˵㲻Ҫҿʩ鷳
һҲЦԪһļԭСӻǲ֪ߵغ鷳ġҲ󽭸ͷȻǹƥɱ
ʲôӢ۾˲ð˲áҴ󽭸ϲӢ۾ˡ
󽭸ЦͻȻԪֱһ̧ԪĶײ˹ȥ
Ϊ˴Ҿرˬ
󽭸һԪײԭҪԪһиɵˡҽһ̧ȴһ谭ȻһӱԪƸץסˣһɾ޴˹õô󽭸ɫһ䣬ΪоԪƾͺһ޴ǯһ㣡ĽϥǸǯסˣܹһ£


241 Ż
󽭸һԪ˹ȥû뵽һӱԪסˡܵԪ󽭸ɫһ䣡رǯӵĴ֣һֱӲĿ¸о
ҲʲôǵĽɫɫһȻһԪŴ˹ֱָӹԪ˫ۣϬһָһӾܽ۾Ϲ
һ󽭸ȷʵӦҲܿ죬Ҳݡ⼸ϴ󣬵ǺԪ棬Ȼ
Ԫһֻ̧žһ󽭸ϡֻһƣ󽭸ܲסͨ˳ȥɳԶһصǽǣһͷײǽϣǽڶ˲һ飡ۿ鶼׷

ͷף󽭸緢ĲҽһֶǹȵѪ
ϴ󣡡
쿴Լϴô׾ͱɵˣҲɫ䣬æȥ
󽭸֣˿֪ģû뵽ȻһоͱɵˡòСӵǸʲôﰡ
󽭸޵һ£һѪżݶ˳ȻԪʱҲСˡ
бǮ̸һ̸û
ԪĦһơȻ任ģɾ䡣
СС
󽭸˿ڿˮæסԾԾԵ졣ܹظоԪʵʱҪڳȥû׼³ҡܹһưԣɲǸǵġԹɫǿ֪ЩԶԸЩǲ
áǾͺúġ
Ԫ˹ȥͻȻڴ󽭸ǰһ֣̽ĸֻһգȻǱڿͷϵذ׾͵Ԫֻһ˲Ĺ˶ûпԪôֵġ
İѷذףɢɭĺ⡣Ԫ֣󽭸˿ڿˮȻԪֺʵǾη
Ǽɧ۸ҲܡǿʩҵŮˡǲܴע⡣
Ԫһ߰ذһߵĵȴ͸¶ɱ
ذӲȼߣֺܷ¶࣬ɱ˴ںʲˡ
󽭸ҧûشԪǲ֪ԪһʲôǵƾԪ仰ǲܵġ
ͻȻ䣬ԪİذսץסİذļˣסİѱȻԪһš
ԪĶ󽭸˲ɵõɴ۾
ذ׿˻ǮӺģÿһذ׶ޱȣ˵˵ˣҲǰСӾȻȥˣȫԲУ
ԪĶ󽭸˶ܵΪԪˣΪԪֿ϶Ҫϵˣ
ǳϵǣذײûиԪƣԪģһһŤһ޻
⡭
һĻ󽭸˹๾˿ڿˮʱ˿̣Ԫһ㵵顣
ȻһӾͽذšģʵҲ̫˰ɣ
־Ȼذ׵ķ£ʲô尡
һӴ󽭸˿ԪĿⶼηΪǷֵһ𲻸õԪʵҲԶԶǸղذ׶˲壬ҪɱǼֱ̫׾ˣ
Ԫѷذһ黨֣֮յһ黨͵˵ϣԪĿٴŴ󽭸˿˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣ԪĿ⿴˹һӾõô󽭸˻һսëȻĸо
ϣϴģңԺҲȥɧɩˣ
ϣϴҲˣ
ϴŹǣˡ

ԪֲֶΣ󽭸˻ҺԪӲȥĻǼֱˡ
󽭸˻ڲšһëȻĸоΡΡţ·ᶼҪˡ
Ԫ˹ȥĴ󽭸ļ
֪ġүүǵŮǾҪүǵǲ
Ԫ󽭸ϾȻð亹ˣ
ǣǣǲҶϴŮˡǲҵġ
󽭸˫ȶڷҪԪ߽һҪ̱˵ˡ
Ҳ⽭ߡ֪ҪһëǲģҶǡʱšĿɾͲذˡ
Ԫ֪󽭸ʶʱˣŻһٺתľˡ
ͨ
Ԫһߣ󽭸һһһϹȥͷ󺹣ͬһǻûпһǿ־
⣬С̫̫ˡ
һԼĿɡԼĿӲ֪ʲôʱȻʪˡ
ڣǲȻСᶪġ󽭸硣
һæԪšذ׿ɾǰţ⼸ûһԼԴذ׻ҪӲ
Ժ˭Ҳ׼࿴ɩһ֪ۡ𣿶ˣЩ˿ʩٱţ
󽭸ǽվ
һζм١ǰǰǧɡһƺ˵Ļ
ǾȡǧǮһ͹ȥɩ񡣡
󽭸ҧҧԪղûôǣֻŻһ¡Ǵ󽭸֪ڲʶ̧ٵĻ϶֮ء
Ժ򽭱һҲҪСĵ͵СϾһ̫ˡҲôǿʩİȫ󽭸Ҫˡ
Ͼʩ飬ǿµС˵ˡֻҪʩ飬ͻὫԼͷϡ
󽭸ѾԪղһָŻˡɲԪܿһȥȡǮˡ󽭸һ·Ȼ³˻ǿʩķ˹ȥ
ҪıѶʩСŮ˵ǮɲðҪԴ˵ģ


242 Ǯ
ԪûжԴ󽭸缸º֡Ԫһֱ޵Աߣԥʰ˴󽭸缸ˡԪû
󽭸һһ٣ô󽭸˰æչޡǺõĲԡΪԪںݺݽѵ˴󽭸һ٣󽭸ˣܻһ󽭸ԪŪһŪǧǧɱҲɱ
ȥĶ˰
ԪˣƷС죬һ˫ŭؿԪһȻԪȥôõʱЩ
ȥϸ
ԪһЦȻȥַǷ޻кĿˡ⵹ǲûΪܵɧŶ˿Ӱ졣
һ󽭸˱׵Ĺˡû뵽󽭸ֹˣЩη塣ǸղѾǮôֹˡ
˻һССĵ׼õġϾһŮ棬ҲҪѧᱣԼ
ٺ٣ɩӣɩӣá
󽭸һףǰ϶Ц⡣һηηģ
յıѣһǧ顣ԺҲձˡɩӣú⣬˰˰
󽭸罫Ǯǰƺﶺһæת뿪ˡ뿪ʱ򣬲ͷԪǱ߿һۡ
Ǯ
ǰһĳƱü𡣸֪ʲô顣
󽭸缸˸ղŻݺݵԼձѵأôڷҪԼˡ
һ⡣˿ΧҲ֪ô¡Щһر󽭸磬ҫİôƺ˺ݺݴһ١һĻ˼⡣
ҲûǧǮ˻ǮԼģ󽭸Ҫ͹Ȼˣ
Ȼ޼̯
磬ҲҪſơ
ʱƷƴֱ˹
ԪҲǱӣ޽һҲûʲôԪҲ˹
СãҪưһҸƼεĿƣƯŶҲʮǮһ
ʱæк
Ѱ
޵ĻƷһ죬͵͵ԪһۣԪһƽû˵Ǳ˵ͷ
ǺðɡһεĿưɡ
ƷƵද
Ԫ߽޽㣬Խˡûлױôѩ׹⻬Եþ飬һѹ⽭ô˺ʩأ
Ԫûк˵ҲûԪ˵һƾʹˣȻԪ޾͹ȥ߷ſơ
ۣ˰
ƻƷƸ˵ʱԪ޵Ŀⶼһϡ
޵˼һƮǿƾþʧ񣬲֪ʲô
ЩһֱҹҲʲôġһ͸ɴ̯ˡû뵽̯⻹رá
һȥ޸ɴҲˣһһ⽭̯߰
һʱ䣬޴ûзѰԪȴûԪһ˿ټԪͺ˼һ㣬ʧ
Ԫ
ͻȻ૵ܹ˵ԸĻϣԸٿԪһۡǰԪ޵΢΢һҲûлͷֻǿǰƮɵĿơ
۶޻Ƕ꿣ԼֻһҴҵĹ͡ϾԼԺҪȥġ粻Ҫĺá
ԪҲ֪Ů˶Լ˼ϧվֻԵ޷֡ԼܹǺúѾ㹻ˡԸܹԼɡ
磬ҶˡԶȥɡ
ŷһ֮ƷƺܺãתסԪ־Žߵһ̯λ˹ȥ
ԪҲֻøȥͻȻ䷢ԼûиǮת˻
ĿƺܺÿʮǮ
ԪóʮǮޡ
лл
޽ӹǮָԪʱ΢΢һͻȻϤĸо̧ͷԪʱȴһȫİ
һ˿ʧɫ
ԪתȥƷˡſơ
Ʒƺϲ棬ԪߣԪҲֵһֻ֮ص˻ұ
ص˻֮Ԫץʱ䣬ϴ֮·Ҳ˵ϣʼ
ɫߵҪúõĹһ£ղҩҪǣҪúݽ
ݽ˼£ڵõţǵߣҲһĹ
Ԫ۾ʱӿ͸ÿһ缡ÿһ֮СЩЩǣһƿԪ֮¡׵׵ɿˡ
ԪһϵĽǾͿʼ˿ϵòʼ仯

Ԫ˽ңţ֪ڽ֮⣬ؼҺͻѾʼչ˷
ߣڰؼҺͻܹˡ壬Ҳ׷׼ԪĶ֮СΪؼҺͻŵ޾ĺô
һƺƵѲڿչšֵǣԪͺ˼һ㣬ƾôѲҲҲԪ䡣һ޵ȴһա
վվɻЩͨŦٹ··ڣлؼص˰ءԪӰӶû
Ԫͺ˼ͻȻһʧӰ٣˶ԪǲѾˣߴûдϹ


243 ٵ
ҴԺ׵λһŭݣԱߣվڻɫѿ
ѾʱȥˣʱڣҼеԴĹԪ䣡һһأչ˵̺ʽ
ΪԪӳ⣬ÿһ˷ķɻǶר˺ʵΪҲ˼䰺Ĵۣ
Ǯͺˮһ㻨ȥֹϵҲ׷׶ڼǵ˲ٵķѵԴֱ
ʱȥˡȴԪӰûпƺͻЩɣΪһԪôصĴ۵ֵòֵá
ϣȴҲѾβˡ
һԪɱ˻ɱ˻ߣ˻үӵȨǻҵĵȷȷĴˡɱɣһǲòɱ
Ԫʵɳ̫ˡ̶̼¾ʹӴǾ絽¾硣һͷͻʨӣڻȴһֻͻˣɱԪȵͻצˣˣôһǻң
ڻҳԴȥ׷ɱԪĹ֪顣ȥԸԪץԪôҾĹЦĹĳ裡
ܳһԭ򣬻ҶɱԪһʱɱԪ
ڰڻֵǰһ޴ǡǲɱԪȻԪӰҲ
ܣ
һǰδеĴ˻ͻơΪҵ¾ǿߣûԹƻĶ֡
ԻͻЩɫѿ
ٵˣ
ʱһҵߴ˽
ʲô
ٵĸ֣ƻɫһ䣬¶ѵõϲɫæӭ˳ȥ
̫ˡڿϰˡ
Ƽææ˳ȥ
ٵԭ٣ǰҵߣһΪ붯ҳ֣ҿ˵Ǹ˼䰺ĴۡûϵֻҪܹҵԪɱԪһжֵõġ
ٵ˴һۣİСŲһģǺȴܳ뵽˵ϡһ߳ȻİСȴûһ˸СơƺͻҲǷ׷׵ͷһģٵ˱ϹϾ
ϸȥᷢٵ˵ʵûкǿŲǺڵʵ
˵һССĴǺڣǲܵƺͻԴġ
ֻٵ˵ݲһ㡣
ٵһƽӹʮͣŲǺڣѰߣǼĩҪֻٵȴҵĶ硣үΨһĺԱ⴫ڽӴҪʹٵ˵ݵλͽȻθߡ˵ңĹ˲ƾϹûһ˸ҺͿٵ˹ȥҲûһ˸Ҳٵӡ
ٵ˿Ǳүӱŵء͵𣬺ٵҲ֪ôʮˣҲûһá
ٵڹˡǵѾܾˡ
ƻ˹ſٵ߽ȥʱ򣬿ٵҲֱ׵λ߹ȥ
ҺǻұѺ֮ҡ񻪼Ҫõҿٵ˵ĵطҵȻ岻ݴǡˣԪأ
ٵλϣżɽ
Ϊ붯ٵ˳ɽѾ˰ĴֻۡҪٽԪҵڵõԴͷٵ˵ȻԽҵԪԽáֿԷһʺˡ
áȥԪȡ
ƿ˻ܿתùƽԣ˿ȫһЩԪƬлԭԪάͼһ˿ҡǻҸԪϢġ
ٵĬĬؿţﾫ
ڿٵͷӵһƷ񾵡ǿ¡񾵣һ˵òģݳڵλá
ĹҲֻпٵӵһƷ
ٵԪƺͻæ˵һԡʱ򣬿ٵ˷·ѾԪòģġȻһһ
񾵣
ſٵ˵һȣһɫĹâںХ˳һɫâ֮ڣ޾ɢȥõ䶼⡣
Ȼһ׸ߵľ޴ɫž˰֮СһϵϢҲɢõ䶼Źɫĺ
һɫžƺͻҲǺ˼ۻƣصһƷ
񾵣磬飬ݽ֮СҪҵһССԪʵ̫ײˡ
ԭҲ뵽ҪҳΪʵ̫ˡû취ҲҲԪֻ붯ٵ˳ˡ
Ȼһθİۣûʧ˿ö¾ǿߵԴֻҪܹҵԪһж㹻ˣ
Ԫһζ񾵣㻹ܹӵȥȵҵ㣬һҪʬΣ㳹֮أ
սȭͷݺݵ
һδƶˡҵϣڡԪȴɱһҵϡھҪ֪ƻҵĴۡ㵽ĺҲҪҳ
ɫ
˷׷˿ٵǰ֮ϡɢ貵Ĺڿٵ˵£ʼתһһ֮ϣǿٵƷѰԪټˡ


244 ޾
һ޴˰֮У⾵֮ڣʼ任ģȳھ֮ڵǻĹһƬء
嫵ݳ˾֮ڣȻһһиֶɽˮֵһһһӰͬһɿ
ٵ˵۾סһ澵ӣһһһ׺Ӱܹ֪һ飬ľ飬Գ֮ڡ
ͺһֻ۾ԸݴءӶѰԪ䣡
ֻһһӰ֮иֶһһбݡüοٵ˶ͣһĿ⡣Ϊ˼ԪƵǾȷ֮ȴʼղԪ
ƺͻɫأһԵȴšֻҪٵҵԪ䣬¾ǿ߱ϹȥһǿҲϳһΧɱԪ˲նɱ
¾㱸ֻݳԪˡƺͻʱҲǽźڴޱȣ
ʱšٵϵĺһ嶼
תʱȥˡĹһ飬ɾûҵԪ䡣
һطٵҲݡǰԪòͣȴҲԪһˡ
ôܣ񾵾ȻҲԪ
ٵ˻һѣ۵̱λϡϵѾˮʪˡһƷ߷һƷǺ˾ġ
ʲôҲԪôܣ񾵲ǿҵϵҵĶ𣿡
һżصȴţԭΪٵ˵񾵿԰ҵԪ˭֪ٵʹȻҲҲԪΪ붯ٵ˳Ҹ˰ޱȵĴۡڿûЧȻŭˣôǮԴɲܴˮƯˣ
ȻҵκҵĶǰŵ磬ţ
ٵڵһվɫҰףһŭݡ
񾵻ûʧҲʧ㡣ղŶ񾵣ѱ˵ڵ飬ǾҲԪ䡣
ԪѾˡΪǾݲġ
񣡡
Ƴһ˻Ȼȥ
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Ʊ˱֡˵ԪˣǾԲŵġԪúܣûôԪˣҲҪʬܹȷϣ
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ãٵˣǴӦ㣬ֻҪܹҳԪɱ
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áһǧϵݡóҲҪһʱ䡣֮ǰ͵ʱ䣬ҪúϢǸƺˡҪõˡ֮ҾͰǳ˻ĸ󻼡
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Ʒƹһ죬ԪҲ۵òСʱص˼ٳ󣬴˯¾Ϳʼˡ
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ĸɫߵԪڻܵľԪѾ㹻Ҫܹͻ¶أôһڴﵽƾϣҲǱ¶أأȻǲƾ磡


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246 
ƷƣǴҹġЩ첻ܹұҸղļУԵų˹û°ɡ
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俴ԪĿдơǰ߳һǿѹҲȻԪѹȶȥһǰδеʢˣԪѹ¡õԪо˾޴ѹ
⻪ͿԪˬˣƻԼӢ۾ļƻ˵ƷܡڻܾҪŭԪŭԪԼݺݽѵһ٣Ȼӳҡɲ뿴һİ˹ԼϲƷơ
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⻪ܺͻͬһֵģһխԪνĻҳ˵ϣ۾ͿʼĬĬ
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һĿϣȣƷҲֱͦˣ˹ȥǸΣ߹ʣ·õģŮȻʧɫ̼û˹ʡ
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磬ԪֹһβμˡһβμǺ˪һʱһ˴ɱ˪ʱ
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вٵĽĿ˵˵СƷ췽صؾдб͵ġĿˣȻǴƾĻˡ
Ŀĵһѧŵ赸Ŀʲô֮衣ԪԭûʲôȤȥġһŵĸһӰ
˵Ŀⶼ׷ײ̨Ͽ˹ȥž޺Ͳ˼顣ʱԪҲֻø̨Ͽȥ
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247 
һѩȹ꿣ʥúһӣֵ𣬶šȹƮƮг߹ʵΣոϢ
һ˫峺ӣԹ˼ȴ֪ʱʼԭĴһӰ˵۾һգգؿ̨ʥŮȹƮɣģˮĿ⡣ֹͣˡһ˶һС
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ܾԼҲӲԼġܿϵŮˣûеòġƷʱòһʥŮһҪõݺһ
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ĸȥ󣬹Ȼǰ档ӵǰ棬Կ꿵Ӱ
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꿲ϲϵЩӦ֮꣬󣬾ʹҴ뿪ˡصѧУʰһЩȻϻҪһȥءһʱ䶼ŵġ
ԪڵЩӣ꿺סһ𣬸鵹Խĺˡʱʱ꿾ͻȥƣһڽߵʱһⶼƽʱ
ţţ꿾һ˽ȥԸظϵѧǻûӰͻȻǰ˳ס꿵ĵ·˫۾ҲɫԵز˵ϡ


248 Χ
û뵽ͻȻסԼһæ˼תҪߡ
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ѪȵһĻõҲһţȻͨԪ˹

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һܿˡƷƴȥҡȻܶ࣬Ƕڻңļ˵ֱǾţһë
֮һ˱˴һ·ϵûô˵ֻһ˫۾ʼպݺԪϡ
ԪǶûƷƵĳϺ󣬵˾ӣͱԴϢλѳεģƷƶԼҲûиԼߵ˼ԼڻҶһʱҲǺõġ
ҪƷڽһ꣬ԼҲڻҴһ꣬ͻ˲ƾֱ֮ӾͽҸˡ
Ԫ۾Žļƻȴ֪ѾҵһԶɱİ취


249 Լ
һ·ߵ˷Ľֵ˿˿ȷû˸ŷ
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һ˫ǵ飬ܸһֺϤĸоһƺֻԪСᶨĮȴ͸¶飬һ˫۾Զǡ
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Ԫüͷƽſڶ˰صİôڲˣǻģԪûʲôϵ
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ڻӲãҾȷ죡
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ԭҪúԪһȻɱԪ˵̬ȣɴɱˣ
һĻĿڴһٿһͬһһԪ˳˻˻ſһҧԪ죡ٶȿúһ磬˸ã


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ӿܣһƬκУȴ˼һ㡣ֻʣ˻ҺؼңڻĹˣת

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꿺Խȥȥڿˣֻϣܹһİˣ
ڽ̯߰˺ü죬Ҳûеȵһİ˳֡෴ģǴ󽭸ԽԽˡ
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ѩǵ̨ˣһĿǹˣġΪ˺ЩˣԱӵ׽ѩʹһЩˣĿСʲôġԼӳʵһЩɡ

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һԪǻ˱ľ档Ԫͻƿ˵ҧгݣ޲ýԪʬˡܹڽ쿴Ԫڣͻƿ˵˷ޱȡԭԿٵ˻ѹõԹޣʱҲɢˡʱ˿ֻ̣ٵܹչһٽԪˣ
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ڴͬʱʵ֮Уһ˲ҽһһͷԵſڡҪͲˮ߽˭֪һûԵ˵ϣɴ۾֪Լôһ㣡
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ܿ죬֮ڵĻͶ˽Ȼһˣ

ڳֵĻ棬Ƶɫһ䡣ôҲû뵽ԪĲ֮ؾȻڽ
ǻһԴĹѰԪû뵽ԪһֻϺ꾹Ȼ㵽˽Ԫ˽طǵȻҲˣΪǸûҪڽѰԪһµĶ֣


սȭͷôҲû뵽ԪȻ֮ƻ
죬콫Ԫҳɱ
Ҳ̲סʱ˿ֻ̣ҪԪɱˣһûˣ

ٵ˴һʱž֮ڵĻ治ϱ任һӾͳһɫɽһɽһۿͷռžڵл棬ɽҲǹͺͺģ⻬ƽɽ֮ϣ鲼ָӵ·
ԪͲɽ֮ڣҵıԴϣҵԪ
ٵŭһɫС߲ɫ⻬ɽϣʼ䶯һһѰԪ䡣


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񾵶һɫɽ֮ϣôԪӦòɽ֮вŶԡ
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ʱһͷӴģͬɽһĹɫ˵УӴɽӲ·ûоͷһ㣡
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ٵ֪ڵûԼʶġֻܹģܵķͱԼֻϣɫܴģȻԼ
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һӴĹɫؿһɫСߣһ˫ԲĹĵ۾תţڴɫСһʲôź顣
ٵ˸оԼĶᵽɤӿڣҪһ㡣סͷɫ
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ƻȻ˹ȥƿٵˡ

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ұԪ˯֪ۡԼʲôʱ˯ŵģֻ̫ۣ˯˹ȥȻȻһֵΡ
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һֿµΣ˲ָоԼһ̾Ҫһ㣡õԪһ˫ۣ
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һִֻԶɷ䣬ת˸䣬ƴץסԼ
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ֻ֮ԽԽˣһҪԪʬΣһ̲Ѫˮһ㣡
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Ԫû뵽㾹Ȼ˽ôҪɱһ˲ţһۻǿϧϧɣ
һֻ֮ϴ˻۵ͳ֮ںԪ˵ˡǲϵϣԪѾһһ㣡ƾۣһǿߵɱոǿߵϢ˲õնɱѹ֣ɭ䣬ռ䶼Ϊ֮


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ԪһʹŻµ֣֮һҲŬʵ벻ͨԼ˴Ȼ¶١ⲻǿ߻ҵԼ
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Ԫھӿ˳ʹÿһݣ⻪۵֮־͸һݣԪ·ӣ޷ѣ


ڻ۵֮£Ԫ岻ڽҲ˿죬ɫҲԽԽѿˡһϢĸо˲䴫˹
ǰԪǺͻ۵һսԪնϻ۵֣һΣȴǻ۵ıںԪսֻ׵ľ룬ֵ֮ʵȻһǿߵˮƽˣǿıԳ֣ԪҪԸǲܣ
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ڽûбҸֵĻôһȫĵطҷˣ⽫һΣյĵطʣʱ˿̣ѾΪԪΣյĵطѾʼˣҲȴһ޵ķ׷ɱ


257 ȫǳ
ٵ˾Ȼˣ
ͻƸҽһʵҪ֪ٵ˿ǰҵĶ簡ǻĹȴԪɵˡ
ٵ˻ңôҲѲ˸ϵˡҶԿٵ˵ӣٵˣҿ϶Ҫ˵Ǿ͵ڻֵһͷһ
Խٵˣһ˹ȥﾡ̰顣
񾵵ղŻҲʶˣһĿºǿᡣҪܹõ񾵡ǲƾȫ޶֣ȻǸ̬Ԫ⡣֮һѵõıԼ񽣲֪ٱ

ڻҪ񾵵ʱ򣬻ȴס
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ƿ˻ղĿǿ˵ǻǻҲˡ
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ɫҲܳĬءǰԥѳԪȻɱڣȴԥˡ
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ת˲֮䣬ԭƽĽһӲڻƺͻĴ֮£л߶һһ飬Ͷ׷ɱԪһʢ
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ݻ۴ԪԼӰģòѾˡ
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ڸ·ȴ˳ԭڵ·ؿмҵվšһһϸϸĽм飬һȻʹõ·÷ӵˡܶ˾йԼĲ
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Ԫӵʿڹ˳ͺһʱڷɽɱһ֮һնӭȥ
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ԪԵ˵ϡѪӿ˳
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նȺնɱȥһնԪɱסˣһնֱӴ͸ԪѶ
ڻҴԺڣɫЩ԰ף˫֮Уȴ˷ܵ飬ޱȡΪɱԪɶĶͷ
۳նķĹܹնɱԪڻ˵ȴǼֵõġ
ԪһԶԸĽɫںˡ̴ѣԪˣ
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ԪǰߣҲǿԪģܹоԪ·һһ㡣Ԫû˵£ǾԲҿԪġھͲһˡ
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˵ֻһ߻عⷵյʬˣǸԪҪԪ֧ŲȥȻʬȥǵһԪģֻҪԪˣʬȥôǾͻĪĹͣ
ԪǣÿһļѡȴǼļᶨؿǰһǰš
ЩǸ˺棬ҿҲԸ뿪ԪÿǰһǶоԪҪˡһ߳ףԪûһ඼̴ˣȻţһ߳ôԶ־˾ÿºͲ˼飡
ԪһʿǰʿĳԪɫ԰ףҡҡ׹ģҲһæؽ˳šԪ֪һ˳ţ˽ȥ

ʿ˾ԪѴһѪܵĿһæ˳ȥʱԪ˳ӣ͵һţǰ˳ȥû˰ֻԼ

죬㿪

Щĺ±ںʹǸû뵽ԪͻȻɱһæ׷׶ȥԪĳӷǰ壬һ·۶


260 ѩ
ʻһϣһͳʻšڳڴһ󻶿֡
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һȺŨױĨԱ֮УһŰɫţпĸŮۡһͲڲɷϷŵĸλԱɫ򵥵·βΣһ˫ȸ޳ֱһֶĿһµĸо
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Ϸŵˣѩһ߹ȴִ׺ҲϲϾڵײԱܹѩ֪˽ӴҲһҵ顣ѩΪƽͣ˵崺ĸоҶϲ
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˸߸ˣٹʮӣҪٹ·뽭еʱͻȻǰһ쳹
һĵĴǰ˳ͻȻһͷײ˵·Աߵϣͷƿðˣ˵·ǰ赲˵·ͨУ

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ѩȻ֪Ԫ׵ʲôˣʱ̣ܹΪԪģһȥԪܶΣȴûΪԪʲôһᣬҲŹġ


261 ɻ
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262 ιҩ
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һԤ֪Σնή٣Σżܹ¡úù滮һеһСܹκε©

ѩһ˱ԪԼ˽˱ķ˷źѩͱԪ¥ԪܳǴʱѩȴ֪Ԫһ·ûͣЪ֪ܵƬ̣ΪൢһӣԪܾΣա
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˵ڡһ౻̴жϡǿ־֧ţԪѾˡԪҲ᧿Σʱпɥ
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һҩͽԪԪȥѩŷǷЩҩ֮ԪȴûзӦѩɵޱȣֻԱ߾šһԪʲô飬ڵһʱæ
Ԫţĺô΢廹ô䣬ʱҪȥһ㡣ѩץסԪ֣Ϸſһſͻ᳹ʧȥԪһ㡣
Ԫȥһʱ䣬ԼԪٴμʲôģ龰û뵽ȴľءһ棬Ԫ˳ģϾҪȥһ㡣


263 
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һȵԪڷϸ΢ϸ已̥

Сʱ񽣵Ĺ⻪ϣͺһױȵɱ񣬷ѰԪҪԪɱʬΡԺɫСΪģѰԲ׵ĵطһһѰȴѹԪӰûпһټҲûѰõ
ɫüѿ
ԪˣĶ˶òŶԡȻܳôԶھȻӳԼģ޷һʵԪѾҪˣһϢʱ̣ȻԼӵˣ
٣
٣

ʱ򣬱ɳȥıں߷׷˻
ôԪûС
ѯ
ûС
Щںҡҡͷ
ɫԽѿǿԪӳȥģû׷ԪȻʧˡ޷һʵսȭͷ˿
ҡڵҲҪҳԪѾˣѾһˣܲԶģң
ŭҵԪɱԪûᣬԲܹԪˡ
ͻȻ֮ڿһ棬ԪһֻɫľӴΡ룬һɽ֮ۻ룬ҲζŸܹɱԪ˵Ԫַֺ
Ԫص֮Լȫ׷ȴԾҲԪ䡣ǲҲ˵Ԫþ˵ԼЩ已̥ɱһת

ѩоԪЩ¶ȣоԪɫɵϲѡ
ѾԪ߽ʮСʱˣɫҲˡڿԪתѩＤϲ˵Ԫ۾ѩû˵ȻɫָһЩûа
ĸ֪ĻָжȴǼƤѾļˣҼһСʱһΡҪ˵˵ˣһ˵ѾͻдĵʹϾն˵ʵ̫ˣ
ڣǣһȫദĿţԪеѴ޲ѣĵطһ¶С
ѩðɹһҩԪſһ죬ǶЩӲѡҪҡҡͷܾڵʣ޷˳ؿڳԶ
ѩѾһҩС֮УȻͷƬ촽ӡԪϣ򿪣Ȼһ۵˽ҩ͵Ԫʺƽȥ
һˮɣԪûзӦһ˵ζ˱ǶֻܱĽš
ĽҺҩһ·£ԪԵܡԪҲûзԣѩ޵ڻˣãѩϸĵźҲãԼĻָ塣
һιҩԱһҪ࣬ѩĶǻǲɱĴԪͷǴ֮䣬һɵ˹õѩ˲һ졣ӣѩǵһκһܡ
ҲֻܼԪιš촽ӣĥѩĺԪϣԪĺҲѩϡһĸо˹ѩ棬Խġ
һСʱһҩιˡѩ˿æֽһԪϵĺԪǾؿѩ֪ƷζҩζڻζղѩԼιҩζ
ڴͳڣԱǸԪһŨױԪ϶ණѩҹˮëԪ
ǰʶ˵ˣǽĴˣ߸ϣ߹ޣǾЩġԪԱߣȴͬһڼСŮͬ˵Ľһ㣬źԪԪÿһ飬ǲιҩоܿ
һ㺹ϣͷϹȴ˸Եý޶˵ġ
ԪؿͻȻѩûеôᡣһֿϲ
ǰΪᣬѩһЩڿѩϸչԼЩжϲѩҲһܲĺŮɡһܻչˡ


264 Ѳ
նǻѹ׵ľѧԭ۳һնѾǻ۵ļˣһΪɱԪ
ķ˴֮󣬻ҲһжֵõġԪնĶǾԻ˵ġ
ʧȥһͷҲһѵõĺ顣ֻҪܹɱԪٴĴԸ⡣
۾֮ڣϢȵָ֮ӦþܹԪʬ˰ɡ

ʱһ߱˽
ˣ˹ѯٵ䡣˵Ҫٵٸϻذ񡣡
һ߻Żŵ
ʲô
۾
ȻѾٵʬ崦ˡǻ֪ߵôҲܲ˵ġϾٵǰҵĶ磬·⿴ءһٵ£Ҷ㳲ġ
ֻû뵽ô˶ģҶڿٵӰ
ȥ߰ҵˣ˵ٵҪڻסϼ졣֮һۻͿٵȥңҸлҵ֧֡
˹
ڹķѴ룬뻨ʱúõСʱܹŭҡ
ҪҲǿɱԻڵʵֵˡڻҵĻңҲԳһķ񹥻ˣ
֮ôԪʬȥˡһе鶼ƵԪȥԪһڹǿٵҲԪġʱԼٶ԰һЩ⳥ӦÿԽѹȥ
ǡ
߹صͷȻ˳ȥ

ʱһ뿪֮󣬻Ҳ˽
Ԫˡ
Ʊ˱֡ɫޱȡ
ʲô
һ»͵վ˫۵ɴŻơһ̫߳˵ϢһҵȻգҲ𾪡ԪȴĿǰĵģôԪҲˣ
նǰԵĹնɱ£һԪѸ̴ˡĹƣԪôѵóȥ
ԪȻˣ⻰Ǵӻ˵ġ¾ǿߣѾصʵˣ³ȣٳġ˵ˣԪˡ
Ԫ֮ǱѰԪеԴչ˵̺ʽԭҲԪټģԪ˼һ㣬һʧˡҲҲκιԪ˿ˡ
Ƶͷʱ˿̶Իˡ
Ԫֻһ¾Ķ֣ȴءʵԶԶԪҸҪǣԪˣʵǰɾĶԱ֮£ƾȻԪˡ
ҲԻۡҲظоԼܡңԪˣת
ܣ
ŭôʹĴۣķĹնɱԪԪȻˣ
û۸޷ܣ
ԪնѾϢ١ڵϦǲȥ׷ɱҲɡôܻӳ
ؿŻơŭ⡣ڻƣʧˡԭļƻ֮УֱΪԼĽӰˡ󣬻۾ͽĿ˻ϡϣϢû뵽Ҳͬôң
ҵһһһССԪҲԸˡڻδǰ;ĵġ
ˣòҪ׷׾١ôܻˣ
սȭͷԪλãشҲ϶벻ȥġ۲Լ飬Ԫ
ɣԪȷʵƤˡ
ҧԪֺ¡ԭкüλɱԪÿһζƸˡԪҲ̫Ӳ˰ɣ
ңǽ׳죬ҲҪҵԪҵԪָʵɳǻҾҪͷˣ
ۼǴһɱԪᣬζܹŹˡ
ǡ
Ʊ˱֡Ȼתȥˡ
ΪɱһССԪҼԴҹżҡҪɱԪҿ¾ҪӴ˵ûˡɱԪ͵ڻҷŻɽһµĶͷ

ܿؼҵҲ˽ڶԸԪһϣؼҺͻҵǾ˵Ŀһ¡
ؼһʮߣÿһսʵǿĸ֣һӴǿ˻ҵʵ
ҵЭ̡ؼҸ𽭺طѲڽѰԪ
ԪˣӲ˶ԶӦûڽ
ĺҪѰԪӦòʲô顣ܿؼҺͻͷһǳ׵׵Ѳ飬ÿһˣÿһطŹ
ױǰδеķԪͨҲÿһطÿһ䡣
˶ѰԪ
һܹṩйԪԽĽҪܹץסԪǿõǧľ޶꣡
Ǯģ޶һȻԽԽ˷Ԫһӳһģ
̨ý嶼ڷ׷׿ŹԪš
ԪĻӰģ׷ڸվתشһӳϵĺˣ˶ţѰԪϾҪҵһӾܹõ򰡣
еһУ˴ϾԪȴ֪ѩֻչԪҲ֪Լڲ֪֮УҲһ޴֮С
Σգʱʱ̶̿пܽ١


265 ԡ
ۣأҪҿǾͷ˰
꿺СţţžͻȻԱߴһ̫̫һźﻶȸԾԼʲôһ
Ҫǿͺˡ㿴ٱҪǰץˣǧ򰡣˲ðһӾͷˣ򰡣˭ܼһ˰
һүүҲź⡣
޺꿶Щûа⣬ֻһţһǰȥ
ͻȻһͨǰƮ˳޺꿵ǰͨĻ޺꿶һæͨ
磬ô
ֶͨЩ춼һֱԪôҲû뵽ԪȻɱͨĶ
С㡣
æһ꿵ĸ첲侲Ȼæߡ
˸ղŵĿⶼ׷꿵ϣǿˣҲûлɡΪŮ;޶Ǯŵأ
ص˼˷ţ꿺޶ˡ
͸оԪص˽ԭһֱԪǡû뵽ȴһͨ
Ԫʲô°ҪôǮͨԪһһӿ˶Ҫ˰ɡϾһ˷ͷ֣
꿺ϸ˹ȥȴȻһвҰȫ
꿺üͷԪϣԾ߰ԪΣʲôҰȫ
ַܿӰĻ񣬶־ȻԪôһԪģ
ѵӰԪ
꿺޶Щˡ֪Ԫ϶ˣҲ϶ڽŮҲûа취
ͨһԲżòˡ

Ϣһ죬ԪѴڽˡ΢΢˶ָܹооԪҿѩԼιΰɹĻûô쿵ɹȻɲݣܹƸƣֻѱ̴Ҫ뿵ȴûôסаɹҲͬ

ԪȻָһЩһǸоʹĸо˹ָоԪ¡Ԫһ£;ýǲ΢΢һ£ʹ
磬˰
һſŵѩԪˣæ̧ͷû뵽Ԫ˹ѩ︡˷ϲõ顣
ѩæԪղһֱտԪ˭֪̫˯ˡʱ˹ǳĸо
лл㣬ѩ
ѩ΢㲵飬ԪæѩһֱԱչԼЩԪ֪ġ
˵ʲôӦġ磬úܶˡ
ѩ˿Ԫɫֿ˿Ԫ˿ڡȴԪѵĵطһƾȻѾˡĿѩǸǾ档
ǺһЩˡϴ衣
Ԫҧҧڻʪ͸ˣģܲϱͿĨ˺ܶණԪܡϴԼһ¡
ðȥˮһ¡
ѩæվԡ˹ȥһۻˡ
ҷȥɡ
Ԫڴ󲡻ûкã·˳һ´æסѩļ򡣶ѩһַԡ˹ȥ§סѩΣܹܵϴĵζԪַֻĸоͷѩˡ˴˶ܹܵԷĺ¡
˾һһǰţΪԪˤѩ§ԪܽܽǻȵӶԪϡԪͷܹѩǵڿ¶ѩɽ壬ѹһͷĺÿ
˵Ԫ˲Щֻúˡֻˣʵ׻ָˣһвбϡϾڽһطǻҵĵ̣ҵʱ̶пܹΣʱʱ̶̿пܽ٣ҪģԼʵʱڡ
ԡڣһѩԪǰѩҵԡԡͷģˮ棬ˮѩѾźˡֻԪڵһ״̬Լϴ衣
ԪѩԽߺվһʱ֮䣬΢΢Щ
Ԫѵ֣·ϵһӣҪӽ⿪ǳһ£ܿͷˡ̾˿ֽӲޱȣѣ⿪һӶޱȣ޷
ѱ̴ƣƣܿͿԻָáһΣԪˡûиͺòȫڵٲȻΪһˣϴСҲá
Ԫɡ
ƺһ㣬ѩҧҧӣԪģȴûϴ裬飬ȻֻܹԼˡȻ˵Ůб𡣿ǣڳѩûб˰
ðɡ
Ԫ̾˿ֻܵ˵ͷˡ״£ûѩİæʲôáߣν˼˿Ҳûʲô䣬ûʲô˰˵Ҳ
ѩԽߺ죬ȻߵſڣὫŴˡʼգû˵һ仰ˡ
ܿתԪǰԪ⿪ϵŦӯͷȥԪ۾ĬĬضšѩһž¾׵ҲԽߺȾϼһ㣬Ľˡ
ܿԪϵ·һһ˿£ӵһԵĵϡѻģڿ档


266 
Ԫϵ·䣬ܿ¶һ׳˶壬ѩֻ˵ϲȻԪȴһҲӰ͵ĿʺۡսǸŮ˿˶ϲ
ѩԪϻѵĵطһ˰̵ʱȴʹޱȡȻ˰Ѿ࣬ڿȥЩĿġ
һ˰̴̴ԪѣǺεȵʹ治֪ʲôôģҪԴԪ
ѩܡȻԪһֱû˵ѩ֪ʱ̴ѵʱʹ϶ǳܵİɡ
ѩָ˺ð죬һƽȻùԡͷԪϴ
һ߽ˮԪϣһóëԪ塣ѩĶӯΪ´Ԫ˿ڣԪеʹѩӯƣ͸ԪһֺĸоԪ۾š
ˣƣʱˮһϴԵܡرѩǹ⻬Сḧÿһ˵ĽǣԪ˵ġָӯĸ׵֣Ǵ紵һ㡣
һӿ˳ԡѩԪˣ˾û˵һ仰
Ԫϵ·ȫѾһ˿ˣż˵еĵطõѩɬ
ֻȻߣȴҲòȥԪȥϴѩִĳطʱԪֻһɵӿԵĸܡ֣۵ļһůĴС
ԪɵۣȴʱѩøԼţĽµԼǰΪССԡڣѩҲɱñԡʪ͸
ˮӴʪѩõԭһ͸ѩϣǷ˵ĻȽͳ׳˳رǰŸʣ쳣ͦΣԲ˶𪡭
Ԫѩʪ˵ģɵøһһӾ˷Ӧ

ѩԪӣһӿһĻͻȻɵһһ˶һӳ콿ˡ
һ˵ԽԪæ۾˶û˵
ԪҲ֪ԼĶôһôˣɲʱˣӦЩͷġΪЩͷӰʵĻָҲ֪ôѩˣɴ۾
ѩǵͷҿԪˡѾԪϴˣѩæԪӡȻԪһ·
磬ϴˣҷȥɡ
ѩεε˹

Ԫ˵ͷ
һԡ֮ԪȷʵǾһ㡣Ҳ˼ֵ
Ԫص˴˿ѩʱʪջģͷʪˣʪĺڷһˮ䣬Ե˳ԡģĪڴˡ
ѩȥ·ɡСıðˡ
Ԫ˳

ѩź촽˵ͷæתܻԼķ˷š
Լķ䣬ѩŷţȴֱͣȻ˵һֱװĺԪܽӴҲǽźߵòУǰŸҲŵҪϾǵһκദ
ѩҲ֪ԼԪʲô飬ΣмЩġһԪ£һԪҪԼæͻԥĹȥ
ҧҧӣѩҡҡͷȥЩˡԪƲҪġһжȵԪ˵ɡ

ѩһ·ϣߴһȺ±·šһ˫˫۾ĴѰʲôһȺɫҴң۾һȺһ㡣
ȥǱߣȥǱߣżȥǱͷ
һһ۵ʿ·һ˵ͷĿָָѩıʱһһװıͦæǡ͹ȥ㣬㣬Ƕ
սȥᷢһһװͦˣϤ˲Ǳˣ˸Ӣߴ֮⣬ַâĸоһ˫۾Ҳˡ
Ͷ˻ңѾһڵˡڼ˻ԪĴ֮Уһ˷Ԫ
֣߰˸±ڱһСӵĸӳֵ£һˡ
ԪǻҵĶ֣ҲͬʱĶͷҲ֪Ԫôһӱô£ȻҶûа취ԪѾˣҪӶǲܵˡ
ֻϣԼܹƣȻɱԱ𣬻ڻһĹ͡ϾԪ飬ǵԭΪԼһӶûпԪû뵽ڻһ졣ԪǾԼŪʱ
ҧһ˿顣һȺļҵıҴҸ˹ȥĶһҪ죬򣬲иĸҵԪĻᱨѪ
㣬ǸʲôﲻҴģ
һķô˳һæ赲ѩǶ˹ġ
ž
˭֪ͻȻһžһһķϣһӾͽһķֱӳ˳ȥͨⱣķصԶĵط³һѪ˼º󣬾˹ȥϴ˳ȥ
һȺƿ˱ķţһһȺȥڱڣѩԪȻƺȻ֪


267 
ѩԪ֮һһ·ѩȥԪˡ
ֻԪһνģ˴ղŵ鶼ûзһ㡣۾Ͽ仯
飡
飡
ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˹ѩԪͬʱһͬʱۿſڡ
ˣ
ѩæȥԪȴֲ֪ȥԪֱӾŴ׹˹ȥ
Ԫ˴ףڽѩæĶһ£Ȼ˴סæһкѩתſ˹ȥ
ſڣʱűøˡѩһæ˷š
һ򿪷ţǰȴ

ѩһû뵽ǰ˻
Ҳû뵽ﾹȻѩһסˣ˶˼룬Ƭ̺¶Цû뵽ԼǰŮѩ
ѩû뵽￴㡣ѣ
˸ƣ߰˸׷׳˽ڷѰ
ʲô˽լǷģ
ѩҧǰǳ
ǽҵˣӾˣ㿴ԪûУ
óԪĻȻѩϲ˷ܣͷϵĵ֮ҵԪ
Ԫ
ѩһҡҡͷЩ˹ȻԪġ
ûʲô
ѩǰôҲû뵽Ȼ˻ҵ߹һξȻѲԪˡôˣһΣ
ȻɱˡҵûУ
˿ļڡЩڷתһȦҲûпԪһһҡҡͷ
٣ûУҪȥˡǵһ򡣱ӿٶȲС
һھʱ
֪ˡ
ͷӦһȻһ˫۾ѩµϡЩڻûмѩû뵽ôһʱ䲻ˣѩԽƯˡΣֱò񻰡ԽԽϲ
ѩ֪Щж𣿡
һɫѩ˹ѩϡѩܵĺһץסһƿɫ䱸
㻹ôôˡ
촽ĿѩǸʵɽ壬޳ɨ񶼺޲ȥѩһ⡣ȻһһǣӵŮ񰡣
ѹסֳ嶯ѩıеǻᡣץԪʱ򣬲ܹʱ䡣
ûʱ䡣һҪ졣ѩŶһġ
аĿѩһۣתͳȥˡǻҵˣŻһѩŮˡ
˱£߰˸ڻǶ
ߣȥ
кһϴ߰˸ڴҴȥˡ
ȵ뿪ѩһ˵ϡû뵽ҵ˻û뵽˾ȻҺûҵԪԪ֮ĶԹԪˣ
ô찡
ȻǶԼ϶ġԪȴûпһĶ֡Ҫٻѩ;ͷۡ
磡
ѩʲôæȥԪӴղŵһڣԪɫӲ԰ҡҡ׹ѩæ˴ϡԪ˴£һıڷ˸飬ȻûзԪʵǲеˣ
ˡ϶ġô죿硣
ѩԪһʱ֮䣬ЩԸѩһ취ûУֻԪˡ
ȱ𼱣һ˵
Ԫ˴ϣ۾û˵ˡɫ֮ǰӲҰ
ղһڷ˴ףԪʹһԻĻԻһڵĻһһ˸ˣ롣
ղǱ˻ãһ飬ַûˣ϶ͻȥȴƢԣ϶ٶȹġԪڵ壬˵ǶԸǶԸڶܹѩܽţԪҲֻͬԪûбֳ
Ԫ۾صԪ˵ˣѩҲȥˡòסע⡣ԪôأжôѡֻܿԼˡ
ѩصңҵһѷذץСһ˺ˡ

ĺԪҲԼ塣شĶʵһͨͨıڶȲϡٻҪʱָܹʵǴ죬ԪתƳȥΪһȥϾͻᱻ˸֣ʵֵκεҪתҲֻܹϵʱ̣ȵԼָһЩʵ˵
ֻϣ첻Ҫɡ
ԪһߵϢ壬һĬĬ߶š㳦Ӱڷɽնһ֮󣬾ѾԪʧȥϵԪŶڷɽٻ
ڷɽԣһܹǿӦˡԸһ룡
ʱ䰡
Ԫҧںʱܡʱ䣬ܹƽȹĻȵʵ׻ָһٽһġΣͬʱҲһᣡ
ۣƣȺҵĹԪˣһҪǺÿ
Ԫݺݵ
翪ʼûܹˣҲûǱһССߣԪȻҪǶ˵ˣ
һУǰݻͣһңԪһҪ״ӻĹ


268 С˵־
ԪѩڵҹĻ٣ֻҹɫˣԪʵָһЩǲźתءѩҲһ±ֽţڵԪϢǧӴջûһұݣһҾƵԪЩ˿һԪ绰ȥˡ
ȫԵУΣķ
ѩڽһЩѣȵҹɫˣʹԪתƳȥ
ѩ˿ڴϣһԪƺѾ˯ˣûκεĶɫЩ԰סԪôһûаģѩסذס
Ԫôûκηһжֻܹˡѩץסذף顣ԪԼڵԼԪʱˡԼһܹԪ¡
ʱһһţնԵ÷ɱšת۾͵˰ʱ֡
ڽŵĵȴ֮УѩЩľˣҹɫ٣˿ôˣӦò˰ɡѩΪΣսҪȱȵʱ򣬷ˡ
飡
飡
һ󼱴ٵõѩٶȱ˹ȥè￴˿վŵĹȻʱȴһʻװġԱ߲ûдκˡ
ˣѩݺҧҧ촽ôҲ㲻ȥ
ѩûпţץסذףվ˷ŵԱߡȻƽȴǽޱȣҧ˺ӣ֪û˿֮󣬴һײŶġŶʱͿץסذ׺ݺݸһˣ
ѩذף䣬ذ״˹ȥӦÿһɱɣ
ѩǵһɱˣȻòУץסذ׵ðһ㺹
ѩŰѩѩ
һţһߺšһרѩģĴһװģʻǻҵˣѩӦòܾԼ˰ɡܹһοĿеŮǼ
ѩֻ㡣ˡѩҽȥѩ
üͷû뵽ѩھȻŶԼ
ѩٲҾҪײˡѩ
˰죬ţŭˡ˼
ѩڷԱһţס˺ҳսذ׵Ҳ΢΢
һߣܱܲԼԪİȫȫڴһˡ

Ȼڰһ֮󣬷һӱײˡ߿˷ţȻһŴҡڵؾ˽
ߣ㿪Ųţѩҿ㻹Ķܣ
˽ŷﶫո̤뷿ʱһɱѩһذֱ󱳴˹ȥ
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ǷذҲǷ˳ȥڵϡѩҧź⣬û뵽Ӧô죡ԼղžȻûܹɱ
Ŀǰѷذϣֿ˿ѩû뵽ѩ͵ϮԼڱܷ˻ȥȻѩҪɱԼԼҲǻã
Ŀ£ѩҲǲšţţҵķţ뵽Ԫæҧҧվˡ
Ԫţɲܱ¶Ԫ֪ˡܽȥ
ѩӣҪҪҶŸɡѩǰðʲôʱۿң㾹ȻҪɱң
ѩ˹ʢˡ
ô׷ѩѩȴھȻҪɱԼһ뵽ͷ߷߲ƽ
ԪСʲôõġͨϾҪ֪㻹ϲ𣿡
ǰһؿѩѩİѾˣ߳Ѫ˿ˡԽѩԽòġ
ôƯһԼ׷ôãȴƫƫϲԼϲǸʲôƨԪһ뵽ԪԼ飬ͺ޲ýԪʬΣһԹŮ
Ԫϰ򱶣Ҳӣ㲻ǻҵһʲôܺԪȵġԪǱֻͨҪţϣʱҪٻþ㣡ˣŻң·һֻü
ѩҧķһ˵ţһŷſ߹ȥ
ڵĿԼ֪ԪڷֻҪԼܳȥԪͲˡѩʱļƻ
ֻҪԼʱɱҲһģ


ѩĻɷѩŤšʱ̣ѩȻҪԪ˵޷ʵ
ǣԪǱҺð򱶡ôѩ۾ǰҪõңԪûУվǰҪŪң
ĿԽ촽Ŀѩ͹ϡڳ˾棬ƾʲôҪѩĻᡣԼĲѩھͰǰԼúһԼùԹԷԼŪʹùԹԼ
뵽Խ˷ѩ˹ȥͬһͷһֱᣡ
գ
ԽԽŵʱͻȻһ촫˹ʲôˣһõѩһУȻ洫ģ
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û뵽ﻹˣɫһ䡣Ȼ˿ѩѩŻҵ飬·һʲô˷ܵĹ
Ȼһת˽ȥȻǿԪ˴ϣһɫ԰ףûһһ豭͵˵ϣ֧飡


269 ķ
ԭΪҵѩѾǼһˡû뵽ԪȻѩļ
ڴϣһɫ԰׵Ԫ۶ð⡣ԪֵǷˣ˶û뵽ȻԼҵˣ
̤ЬٴȫѹҵôұҲԪԭСӲﰡ
촽һ˷ܵԪ˹ȥԪǻͨҪ¶ѰԪҪܹҵԪɱȻ͵ȥǿĪĹһ
ڻңλ΢ҪǵõһͣĵλϾͻҡֱϡõµĹעõԴ࣬һ·ֱϣȻǲö˵ҿһ壬Լõ˻ҵĪעԺΪ߳һҲָտɴ飡
Ԫ˴һɫ԰ף˵ѾһϢˡԼѹѩôãԪһ䣬ɼһߡ˶ˡôѩԼ۸ôأ
Ԫû뵽Ҳн졣㲻ǺţôڱˡɱҰɱҰ
ԪĴתһתţһȻԪѾˣϾһ¾ĸ֡Щ΢΢ĵġҪŭԪ֡
ֻƾôƣԪֻƽ˴һɫԽԽ԰ףѾһһԽ
ѩһεεΪԺݺһɫû뵽Ԫһͨһǲɫ˫ˣֻо۷Ҫˣ

ʱԪȴˡ
͸Ͻȥ
Ԫ󣬵ȴɱޱȡ˵Գ鴤һ£ɫӲ԰ࡣ˵һ仰Ҫһ㡣
ȻҹȥΪ㻹ɱ𣿸㣬ԪѾˡһ־ͿԽ⵶šϣΪһǵ۸𣿡
γһѷļ⵶ԪǰȻȻһ⵶յһͶѳΪ룡
Ȼ˵ϡһ۶ϼ⵶ʵȷʵͬСɡ
û뵽ղȻҲΪһߣѩԱվţɫɷԭ֧û뵽Ǳˡ
Ԫѩ֪ȻѾˡһûУ˵ǶԸһߣһͨҲûа취ڱˣ֪ôĥԪһ뵽ѩ͸һ˿飡ԾȳԪʲôԡҲףԪ֮ĶԹǾԲܷŹԪģ
˵һ䣬ҪôҪô
Ԫ˹û۾ûȥһۡһʼڣԪ֣ǵ򲻵ѵʱɱ˵ǵõóġ
û뵽Ϣ٣ֻʣһԪȻôšԭҪݺһԪӷŭˣ
Ԫĺ⣬ͬ󺣣һǾȲֹ޷ơںòһѹԪĻᣬ˭֪ԪĮԪ̬ȣõǲˬǷŭ
ԪҿûưɡڿסСҵСҲգȻ˲ʶôҾͺúýôƣ
ɫһ͵ǰȥһֱԪץ˹ȥȻԪʶôôԼɱʡҹζࡣ˹ҪղһѼ⵶һԪĲӸϣ
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ģ
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û뵽龹ȻһԼȻǰˣˣľˣ
Ҳģ
һ˻𣬲֪ڱ㳦̴üĺ󣬾ȻͬʨһͨԪ˹ȥ
һ֮ǰȻҪԪ汳һֻͬһԪѴ̹
ԪѾشҪٰôһУ϶ģҪҲҪԪԼһȥ
ɱ󣬽ɱ
Ԫ۾һٴδʱ⻪֪ںδӿ𣬷˹۳һɱ󷨣Ȼɱ
ɽĽɱ֮£γԵ磬ͬһ޴УΧ£
һ˲֮䣬ɱڰеͻȻ屬ѿԭһӱɱ飬䣬׷׵
Դֽţ䣬ӣ׷׷ɽ˳ȥһƬѪģͬһ׷£
һĴˣ̼ɢѳΪǧǧ죬һҽжûü׽ɱΪѪ꣡


270 ī
ŵԪɱһɱ֫顣һ䶼һƬѪȣҲ̶ã֫Ѫ⣡
磬ǿ߰ɡȻб˹ġ
ѩס˶Ԫǰղʱһڿ䶼Ѫ飬ֻϽ뿪һ̶ˡ
ڲСһûڣʵûлָ١ڳȥ
Ԫҧ֮һֱѩﲻߣΪʵûеõ㹻ĿҲҪָɵʵܹȥ
Ȼӳȥһʶƣֻ·һ³ضûСڷɽʵҲ޷Ԧڷɽã
ˣѩӦһʱ᲻˹ġ
ðɡ
ѩֻܵ˵ͷ˿ѪģһĻɢܵ֫ƬֶҪµĸо
ʱסݶġת˷䣬ɨһжԪģֻҪܹԪƽƽĶȹһѡ
Ԫ۾˴ϣصϢ
ڷɽѾٻ˻ӲնһڷɽȻشǺھһʱ䣬ҲָˡȵٵõĿڷɽͿԲɱˣ
ԪصϢšôõϢʵҲĻָȵڵʱӦָܹɵʵɡָʵŸаȥ

СʱȥˡѩһֱԪԱš˶ڷѰԪ˴ⷿͷ˵᧿Σʱ
ѩͷһذףʼûз¡˹ԥȥϴʧ֣һһҪСĽ
ѩҲϵһõѣžı㻪ҲҪɵ֣Ԫ͹ȥĻӦÿʱ֤ȫġ
ѩšȵԪָһЩʵ͸ϽԪһתһط
ʱԪ۾һ˿γĹâȻӴôõڻָ˰ɵʵˡѪɫҲԵþࡣ
磬㡭
Ԫվľ⣬ѩҲǾϲޱȡóԪƿ˲١Ҳ·
ڴԼָ˰ɵʵһ˲ˡɫҲˣϳȥˣһ·
ڽÿһֵ쵽ǵۣеļضڻҵƿ֮УԪѩһȥϾͻᱻ֡
ϾͲһˣкܶǲĵطҹɫ˵١Ҳϲ˵ģ
Ԫһ׺ɫװī˸ʻλϡѩų
һ·ʻ·ϵĳ٣˺ܶࡣ
ÿ·ͻһؿ顣ԪѾָ˰ɵʵʱ򣬿ԶԻ
һ˹飬ԪᶯԻԻһڻߵͽߡһԻ֮һ˾ֻܹԹԪĻһҪȥס
һ·ؿ߹飬һ⣬ԪԻһСʱʱ䣬ѩ˵һѵı⡣ѩҲ׼ͣڱ档
ǰҪͣ
ƺʲôԪͻȻ
ʲô
ѩһȻؿԪһۣԪɫأǿЦģѩȻ֣ҲûԥɲϵĽɿˡһ·ǰʻ˹ȥ
Ԫؿǰûлͷ
ԿԪֱߣһߴı⣬һؿһؿǰվŲٵߺͱڣɭȻһȺ֮УȻվŻһ¾ǿߣ˶Ե÷Ȱ
ԪԻԻͨߣǶڻأԪȴûʵѩһֱǰûͣҲǱ⻪Ƶ⣡
ѩųһ·ǰӲ첻ʱ򣬻ƵҲûлɡػһլǰָЩߺͱڣڶʲôɫࡣ
ճ˼·ں󣬳ͣѩͷԪΪڲ֪ȥˡ
طɡ
Ԫѩһλá
ڱһ֮ѩһǲܹȥˡΪſڡѩѺͻҵʲôϵԪûȤȥ²⣬Ҳȥ²⡣ڽô󣬼еļ嶼ͻйϵǣһļͻйϵˡ
Ԫ뵽һˡī̡
īڽҲܴҵƣӦòԼȥѰü찲뵽ԪųӾҸ˹ȥ
һ·ϣԪ뻪ҵ档ڵԻԻʵ΢ߣǶʵߵˣһͻᱩ¶ڵʵܹ̫ű¶
Ӽʻ˼Сʱܿī̼ҵı
ڱֻǼҵıšԪûժīѩȥкˡ
ѩǱ˵һ˵Ǿī̸׵ҽˡǱڵ˵ͷ͸ī̴һ绰
Ԫ֮ѡīҲԭġˣԪδŵùīԪмεġ
Ϊī̸׵ī̱ض߾ȫԼİȫȻһһۺѣ޵ī˳
ĸ߹󣬻߳󣬾ѹȺơԪĳӣǷۺȹӴȥ¶ѩ׵ķ澹Ȼյģܿ۵ѡ
ôɡ
īȷԪҲûֱӺԪֻ֣ԪȥŽӻʻ˹ȥ
ī֧һЩںˣʱԪѩ˹ȥ


271 
ԴԪԼ֮ī̾һֱڽõȴԪһ£Ԫޣ˵һ֮ͻġû뵽һ֮ԪȻûй
īҧгݣԪǺ޵˹޵ľЩԶŵĽƭӣԼһϣȴԼϣ֮о
īһֱڽƵеϷ͵Ÿ׵Ĳ鿵ǸⲡֻԪܹκãī˲֪ٵҽҲûа취һһҡͷԣī̸׵Ĳûа취
īһԪһҲڵԪĳ֡⼸죬ȴͻȻӵ˻ҵͨͨ˾ȻԪ
һī̶Щˡ
ԪΨһһܹκ׵˰ȴͨˡҵī֪ģ˻ҵ˸к³һ¸ī̾ˡ
ī̽ǲڽ̽ϢǱҲѯһ¡ԽѯԽһΪԪ˾Ȼǻҵүӻۣ
۴˵ī̸˵ڽֻܹĻ˻ī̸벻˭˻۵ֻһ³Ǿ
ī⼸춼ЩʳѰˡȻǵԪİΣǵûܹԼ׵ѡ
ֻû뵽żʱԪȻˡ
бں֧֮ī̻ͷԪһɫĳȹϸϸԵøһ˫ĵҲ俴Ԫ
ԪһѾˡڿˡȥҸװɡ
ī̿żɽԪ˭ͨжΣգīҪֻԪһҽֻҪԪϽԼκáֻҪԼ׵ʱīҲõİΣˡԪǲǻҵͨҲԼû˰Ĺϵ
Ǹ
Ԫɿ˼ɫԽ԰
ị̄Ҳȹ󲮸ֻڵ㣬úϢܹˡϣСܹúһ¡
Ԫƽص
ī̼ʲôԪ֪ôһңԼӦòʲô顣ȻϽī̸׵ĲκáԪīվԼһߵһ롣
У˵һºҸ׵ġڶѾһˡҪԶšҿٸһǮ㿴ô
ī̿Ԫ
ǧ򶼲СڵĲʺβ
ԪҡҡͷôҲҪԼһսҲñ֤ī̲ᱳԼ淢ԼӸղī̵ıѾ֪Լͨ顣
ֻҪī̲ܣڻԼԼҶظӦûġ
㣡
īҧҧ˼ô᲻Ԫ뷨ء޷ǾҪԼˡԼˮˡ
ī̲ӦҲУϾԼ׵šڱԪҪЮţﻢˡ
áҺͻһЩҸ׺ͻҲǺ顣ҲỳҡֻܱһڡһԺκҸףȻ뿪ңӴ˺ûκιϵ
īҧҧҲǱԪ߸˿ˡǽĴ壬ҺͻұȣȫһֻϺһͷҷԼԪī̻治֪ô
ԪԼ׵İΣīҲòġԪīﶼҪһһˣīǰͶûʲôøУڸֻ뵽һʣǾǱɣ
áҲһڡʱ䡣Ҿͻ뿪ġ
Ԫʼ硣ʱ䣬ӦÿԻָ˾ųɵʵˡʱ򣬳˻۽ûκһܹ
ԪҲ֪жֻʵûʲô֮ˡסһҲǺõġ
ﲻסҲ¶档ɣһһؽѡǿԵؽȥסš
ī俴Ԫѩתұߵһ䷿˹ȥԪѩȥȻң˶ӣÿһ˶ҳԼġοǧӴջ󣬾ĹˣīҲ޷ǲᱻǮջԼ
ѩֻ֪ĬĬظšԪȻѡң϶ĵġ
һ·ị̄˼أһؽѾͳǰؽѿռܴĸӣѾƣиصĶʽеѾ˼ʮ꣬һƿҪһľ֡
ؽʳˮǾúϢÿһʱ䣬һһΡʲôҪǾͺ˵򲻿뿪ؽѣ֪𣿡
ī̿˿Ԫֿ˿ѩ
ѩīʵҲʶġǽˡȻɻԪôѩһ𡣲ī̲ǺˣܶûжʡԪֻҪԪԼκøףĶҲ֪
֪ˡлл㡣
ѩī̵˵ͷȻīĮȻԪһۣתȥˡžһؽѵűعϣȻһؽҵ˽ܵطûī̵˭Ҳܹ⵹һȫĲ֮ء
ңסؽͷԪظ˿һƨ˵ϡ
磬ﰲȫڿǻͨ㣬Ĳᱳ𣿡
ѩҧԪԡȻһ·ûж˵ﻹЩ
ġ
Ԫҡҡͷ
Ȼī̲ûк죬ī̵˽⣬ĴԼ෴ģᾡŬԼղһУڰԼ


272 
Ԫң͵һöʱը˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱᱬը
ΪԼ׵Ĳ飬ī̲òðżΣա
īһȹ˾޴شǰһȣüͷȻҲǽһţǺͻȣֱС׼סҷԼԪī̼ԤԼˡһңһңȫǼʯͷ
ϣ⼸컪ҵ˲Ҫɡ
ī̾˿Խĵ鷴Խ׷һһɫ·ʻ˹ͣұ⡣ӳ߳һĸߴĺӡȻмʻ˹׷ͣ£߳ʿͺ±ڣǻҵˡ

īɫһһīʶǻҵһƹŻҲٵ⣬ҲкܴĽֻû뵽ھȻˡ
īæ¥ӭȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôī֪Լʱֵõ¶ʲôšһιһǳԪġһǳԪģôһҪԪƲϵԪٻܻһʱ䣬ǵ˻ң˵ףҶҪ군أī̷ֵúȻϣ֪ԪٲŹġ
ʲô㴵
īЦӭȥƮƮһǳЦֵߵĽġȻܽţȴûбֳֳ޵ĸо
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ӭǻֱˣͻƻͬһģʵͣʮҲǴǺڵʵڻҲôӣһֱƹŻҵ⡣
һΪֲ㣬Ҳǲ˳ѰԪҵĽһֱԡ
ϵ׳ء
īǳЦȻ
ḭ̄ҲϻˡؽҲѾ֪ˡһԪͨġҸһѰҪҵϰ
Цŵһ˫۾ģīϴһұݺһɨӣƺѰʲô
ͨʲôͨʲô£
īһɻ
˵ͻˡߣǽȥ˵
Ц˽ȥ󼸸ҵҲһȺ˶ұһ顣

Ԫ˵ؽڣһ߾ţһҲڸ֪߽˴ʱüͷ˲
ؽѺʹŲ׵ľ룬ԪʶԸǵסû뵽Լһңлҵ˹ˡԪɫء
֪ī̻ô飬ī̳ԼĻһŭ֮£Ҳˡ
ԪڿָһɵʵˣڼɱϣԸһҵ˵ɡƣҲҴ˸µˡ
ԪŴī̺ͻĶԻī̺ͻţû͸¶κιԪϢīҲӦҵ˰ѰԪСʱȥ
ȵȥ֮Ԫ˿ղŵĶԻҲīڰԼڻī̵İɺܶࡣرҺͻҵĹϵ¡
磬ң뷽һô찡
Ԫ棬ǺѩͻȻҧס˺ӣ
Ԫһֱûвѩȴ˺ܾáѩղڵؽ鿴˺þãҲûп̲סˣֻÿԪ
Ԫ۾˿ѩֿ˿ؽϽš֪ѩȥ㣬ϧ²ܹ
ؽɡû˿ұ۾
Ԫֱ۾Ȼˣҵị̄ʱʵǲѩԪĳһȥҪǱЩײΣ

ѩǺˡԪ淽㣬ЩΪ顣
ѩҧҪšţţǹͷȴԽԽǿˡ˿Ԫ۾š
ѩֻվὫȻԪǰʶ˵ŮҲԽ


һˮ˹ܼܿ죬ѩƺ˺ܾáԪһ۷죬΢΢һܿѩܴԴԵĵطˡܿԪֱ۾
ԪѩʶҲһЩӡԪѩһЩᣬ⼸ദԪѩĺøе˲١Ҳ֪ǰ鶼Լѩˡ
ǰԼϴ裬ιҩѩᡣЩദУԼӦҲռѩٵı˰ɡ
Ԫ̾˿ԼǷŮ˵ծҲԽԽˡ
ǰԼĻѩӦû˰Ľˣ¡ѩԼߵô»ǱҲŹѩԼƺѩһٲľء
һѩڷˣҳֽһºæ˿ӣԪۺ˿Ȼһطضţû˵һ仰
ؽѺСǵĿռС˾Զ˴˶Էĺ
Ȼ˵ڱʱȫˣѩҲ֪ΣյĽ٣Ҳֻת˲֮ĹѡܹǰԪദһᣬѩҲǿ㡣
֪ΪʲôоԼԪ֮䣬˵ĸж⣬һЩ˵ĸоϾ˹ͬô˴֮ĸоҲ·ࡣԪô˵ʱԪһѩܹ˼


273 ȥ
תۼ䣬ʱ͹ȥˡҼеԴڷѰԪ䣬ССĽѾһ׳죬ȻûҵԪ
ɫѿ֪һԪһʲôۺ³ֻܹϣؼңϣؼܹڽ֮ҵԪ
ѾȥѰ˺ܶ飬ɾûҵԪ䣬ֻһܣǾԪѾӳ˽
ԪѾ̴ǲҲһ֮ţԪʱǾ޷ġѰԪʱ仹кܶࡣ
ܿһֳ˻۵ǰ
ҡ
ףѾϢ˵Ϳٵȥ񡣡
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ԭ뻪ϵԣΪһԪżҺҶѾˡڻҵǰ˵ʵǴĲ
Ӽա
ɫŵûжʱȥҵ飬ȽԪһĸ󻼸СԪǵ֮֮ء
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΢΢ſ˻ۡһοٵ˵ǻ۸ģǿٵȴˣҪһ˸ĻƾѲ˸ϵġ
ʲô
仰ڵһվ
Ϣ𣿡
۲ȻʢŭһĿŷװŭ𡣺ҶҪըһ㣬ǿѹ£ɵ磬ŰĴõûƶ޷ܣͨһ¾Ϲȥ
ңһУҵļϸҿѾ֪˿ٵ飬ԲŻơ
˫ȶлҵˣҲҵˣҵж֪ҵҲҡ
ɫ粻ŭšڽѾˣҪɱֻع۲֪ᷢʲô顣
ΪһССԪĹ֪ڵſҵЦһҼлļҲΣķǣ
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˵Ԫɱ˿ٵˣ
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̾˿һҪðƽϢŭ֪ҪóĴۡȻԴḻҲĻӻΪԪûҺķ˲ٵǮƺԴҪ⳥ٵ˵
ǡ
Ʊ˱֡
תһұ⣬˰ʱųȻӰһֱ뿪˻ң˰ҡ

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˽ʥϡ˲ұӡ
ԪǰѾָʵһǰͻ¶ؾ硣һξһѣ֮˶һͻ¶أ΢΢ס֣һȭͷ֮Сǰǿ˲١
ԪйʶҲǱ֮ǰǿʶұΧÿһط˹ȥ
ÿһֵÿһ䷿䣬ÿһ˵ĺ˵ܹһǰδеľ磬ѾԪǰûۣΧһкȫԼƤ¡
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ԪüͷܹоһǿͷķХһǿǻۡ벻ͨôͻȻұϹ
ѵǻ۷Լ
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ʱ۾˫Ŀһ˿⡣һκī˵ԼֻҪҴ죬û뵽ζ˼졣Ҳʱ̸뿪ˡϾڻ츲صѰԼңܶԪǶī˵Ǻ顣


274 ͨ
ԪۣվǰѩŹţ۾˯ȥˡ㷢ǽëԵ÷ĸɾ鶯Ϊ⼸û˯õԭɫ㲣ֳľºԼ
Ԫıӡ

˯еѩһһۿԪʱ졣
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ѩ˯ҲվԪڵؽһһӾǺü죬ԪˣѩȻ֪Ԫ϶˲١
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йżүӹͨıӦû˵ѩġԪǲˤͨүӲ߹үӲѩ⣬Թͨ˽⣬ͷͦġһε
㣬Ҫ˰
Ԫôһ˵ѩһÿԪ⼸ദѩѾϰԪĴڣԪͻȻҪ뿪ԼѩЩᡣ

Ԫ˵ͷһͨѩ˹ȥѩŽסˣקУϻԪ¡
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ؿԪȴŲѡǰҲšһ˫ҲԪ׵ϡ
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īһԽŵؿţȴôãڵȵһˡڴޱȣͬʱֽŵǡҪ֪ԪϣˣҪԪҲβԼ׵Ļī治֪Ǻá
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275 Ǵ
ī̸ײãǸŮȻǧҪ˵ԪѩûдšܿһŲұ⴫˹Ԫɫһ
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īһ˳ȥȻһţͿߴӴ˽

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ҴԺԭǲȥĲٻ߶׷׻ص˻ңγһܵķߣС
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ҾӣȻǴǺڵʵǽһ󷨣ȴԷӳԶ¾ʵǴԺܹҲǻٻԭڣ


276 ͻ
Ԫ뿪ң˻ҡԪûŻҷѡΧĬĬ۲š
ס˼ҵϸһʶɨҡ
ԪҪֱһȾǻҲǿ߻۲ڻ֮Сڻ֮УôԪһмƻͶҪ
ֻǾһʶ֮Խȷ˻۲ڻҵһʵ
ԪһЦŻҴԺ˹ȥ

ҴԺǰţһĸߴ󣬴źɫװѲšӵСӳǴǺڵʵ
Ľ˶͸ߴͬˮţһΡ롣սȭͷԿһ͹𾢱ļ⣬Ҫϵĺ¾װƿһһ飬͹Զ̲ı
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ͻǻҵˣŴһңûκһ˸ðġ˸ͻȭͷ;޸͸ǵ
˿ͻϴų羴ȻֻǴǺڵʵ߶ۿͻһܹ֮ʮǺڵߣʵǿȻֻǴǺڣڻҵ֮󣬲ѷɫһǿߣ
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û˻뵽ԪͻȻɱһҶ׻ˡ˷׷׳Ҫ赲ԪϧԪ߲һУͳһغԪ˻֮ʶҲǷӿҴԺһһţܿӰһֱһ˽ȥ
һڻ¾ĵطڸ֮⣬Ԫʶɨһֱ֮һ˹ȥһ߿ţ׷ɨ˹ԪһһɨЩ׷׵׿⣡֮ڣȻذЩذԪ˵ȴ΢
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Ԫɫһڷɽ˳ȥ֮һɱƣ֮лȫݻٵøɸɾȻԪ˽ȥ
һ߽֮ڣԪĿ˽һϡһ㳦Хӣһ˲䣬Ũɢ˳Ȼ˽ݣһҶŹĹ⻪Ƣ˵
ЩݶǻҾɵģָеĻеͻƣеĿβеĻԴǼݣζõıȴȫԪǰֿɵáԪ۷Ź⣬һץӽԼĴ
תĿһɨڽƷ齣ǽϣɢžӨĹ
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ԪɵһϲȻ˵齣ûзɽ󣬲ܹɱ󡣵һ֪ǿ١Ҫǽ齣ߣԼã󣬽ҲԴһ֧ʵµĶˣ
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278 ˫˲ɱ
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Ϣʱ򣬻ƺͻס˰Σš˺þãŷӦ
ɶ񣡡
ƺͻսȭͷŤҼ۸ոȥǰ˰Ԫͳ˻ңֱǳ룬޳ܵһ㣡
ԪðһңҶҪ
һһ񽣺ХâӰŻҴԺ˹ȥ
ҴԺǻҵĸڣҪһҡҾҪ군ˣ

ԪͻȻ룬õû˶ֲ߶׷׶Ԫһ¾ǿߣȴûܹѹƵס
һ߳ȥԪһָͷˣ߳ȥԪָͷˣһȺ߳ȥԪһƾȫˣ
ת˲֮䣬ԪĻ߲֪ж١ʬҰҵǽڶѪϴˢһһ飡
󳹳׵ףչһٺԪĹĵĴ˳ڸ˹ȥҧһɫĹӣһ£ɢȥԪĻ£Ԫ˲õ˻ָ˾񶼵õ˲䣡
찡ȻһҵİͻƵ˵ҲֻȻһ
̫ˣ̫ݳˣ˵Ҫի²ܷõİȻ³ĳһ

Ԫһ˶׷״ЩԴޱȣһӶʸһԪһȥȻȫӶ˹ʵ̫ˣ̫ݳޣ̫˷ˣ
ԪһֻζޱȣִӴóһ߳ţһڸķ˹ȥΧĻ߿ԪµһһʹҪѪ
ǻһ˼ʮԴȴһһԪȥ˿ŸŭԣＵ޷ŭҪȴֲҳȥЩԴǻүӻģҪǻۻһУ֪ᶯŭʲôӣ
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Ԫüͷһ塣ΪǰĻڵĽȻͬǰĻȻûâơ
ϸȥԪڸΧ·һεڼӳһ㡣Ĺ⻪תţγһһĹ켣켣ݺύ⻪Ȼ󷨵ģ֮УһһתţĪĹ֮
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ڸǻҵصأлԴҪǱ˹ˣ롣Һڸ֮һǴļӳ֡
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ߣԪ·㲻ߣ㴳Ȼˣͱ뿪
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ǴҴҸĻƺͻ
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279 û
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Żƻһ䣬ڸΧľŸʿ׷һٱ任λáһһ˲ͽ̼ܲͽԪΧУ
һüİ󷨣ԪУɫĹ⻪תţɢǳ֮ǵؽԪУ
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Ԫ̫ˣȻðһңݻһҵھڵˣ
ԣǣһҪԪ֪֪ðһҵĴۣ

ʱ˿̣Ԫ֮У˶̲ס׷ϲǰԪ¾ˣʱ˿̣Ԫ֮Уҧгݡ޲ͽԪɱˣ
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һ֮ԪͷһĹһ֮ɱ塣ʵֻвǿ߲ӵа
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286 ۵ŭ
Ϊٵ˵ҿ϶ǨŭڻҡΪҼĻֻۣԹȥҽ͡ȻǽеĹƵԪϡ
һΪٵ˵Ҳ˼صĴۡ˵ģһ׵ûҪѪ
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һһսϢһĻõû۽Ų˲סˣ
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۵Ŀɨܿڸ֮ϡڸ֮ԭ˾ǴԲµ󷨣ǾȻҲˣ
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˵ԸԪͻҵĶԹϣҪٺԪˡ
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ԼЩؼҵ߹ȥԪҲͬ³
ϵ£ܹɱԪֻвǿˣԪǱ̬
Ҿ˰ܣҪϼѡҵԴ֮࣬м嶼֪ġڻڸӶһգЩԴضȫԪУؼңҪչѲѰԪɱỪҵԴؼҵһ̨ף
˺ܿϡôһֺԪ¶ˡһ˾ȻڸȫӶˣôһʵԴκһ嶼졣Ĳǿ߶׷׳ѻԪˣ
ǰԪܲڣ¸ӽˣ
һЦһʧأҲһ顣ӴؼҾһͷ
ߣǰЭ׷Ԫ
˴һŽ˹ȥؼҲǸŷ׷׿ӿϣԪɱ˻ôߣ϶ڽʱҪܳɱԪؼҲ

֮һСһ׵ĹСվ̨ϣŽķһ𾪡ͬĻйŷˣؼˡ
˺ʯһؿŽķ򣬺ŸղŵõһϢ
ǹŷˣһżδƶˣʱ˿ҲھĪ顣
ԪȻһ˶˻ң
ɱ˻ƣЩǿߣ˻ҵľ󷨣Ҳֲ̫̬˰ɣ
ӣ˲ŷӦ
̫ˣ㣬ûУһɱ˻ôˣ̫˲ˣ̫ˣ
СɶҪˡ˴Ӻݳһ·Ԫ˵ϢԪҺؼҷ׷ɱĻ棬ԭڷôԪȳȥû뵽ԪȴһĻ
׷ɱ˾ȻҸˣ
һĻʵ̫Ϸ绯ˣùСɣŷˣؼšΪôԪأ˭֪Ԫȴһϲ
ԪҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ŷ˾˰Σ³һ仰Ϣʱͱ𾪵úЩѣ˼άЩ·ˡڲ˿ǼޱȣǰĸʷţεľԭѴ䲻ˣǴʱ˿̣ҲЩԽΪһϢʵ̫ˣ
ϢС㣬С㣬Ԫ̫ˡ̫ţˣ
ؼᶼˡԪżҵİΪԪ飬ҺؼҶ˹żңؼһΪԼ顣ڿԼԪżңȫһ鰡
ҿԼԪ˹żңԪ˹ϵҪûԼҪǹżҺԪìܡ⣬ؼҲ޷󡣲ҶκβԪҪ˵ǹżˡ
ߡȥ
ŷɫһŽ˹ȥԪǻʱ϶Ѿӳ˽ǹŷ˾ҪȥҪһƬǽģҪ۵ɫ
Ҫ֪ڲǰ⻪ۺ˾Դżҵİڴʱ˿̻ҵģŷ˺ȥ
ȥ硣
Сɵ˵ͷæؼȥСǰ֪жൣԪİΣڣĵʧˣǰδе˷ܺϲ
Ҫ֪ԪԼ˰һŮ˵ûбԼţķĵˡоԼԳٷˣ


ݣżҴԺһͻȻһĴЦЦֱӽһƸˡ
ΪСżҴԺЦ˽Ӳͣ
ҹͨȻûˡҹͨûпˣ
Ϣһ˹ͨĶϼһ̲סЦ
ԪʱŻۺǿߣͨͷȻû˵Ǳúܣ
һǿߣȻҪ˵ͷȻ޷裡һֱ뷽跨Ҫһӣ
û뵽ŹûãԪͽԼˣ
ҪڹżҵĻͨĺϵȥһƬǽĴԺҪ۴ʱ˿ϵ顣һܾʰɣ
ϲģ˭ǰԼżһ߸˵ģأ

ͨƲסطЦżҴԺݣ˶㵵̧ͷ˹żҵķȫ֪ʲô顣Ϊˣæ
ڹͨ˵ôûôҲţԪԲṼһĹһ츲صı仯һ仯֮УӵĹżұض棡


288 
˸ʿԪ˽˳֮Ԫƹ˲ˣ˽Ĳ
ԪڻҵԼ֮ǰ뿪һֵԼͨҪãͱ˷ˡҲССȻܶ˶ǲʵϢġԪ任һˣ̫Ӧ
һԪһ߷ţһ߰ĥȻǱҪǻɲô׵鰡
ϾϷɻҪһϸļ顣ҪŪȥܡһʱ𾪶ʱһ飬û׼۾͹ˡûлۣؼҵˡʱȡԪʵǲҪ̫ࡣ
ԪҧЩˡ뿪õİ취ɻϷɻԪǰһ⡣
磬ǣУֽ𣿡
Ԫ˼ŵʱ򣬸ڴһȵ
Ԫüͷƺ뵽ʲô
аˣֵܣȥĵİʲôʱķɻ
Ԫѯһ˵һֽ߽ŵݹȥֽԱߵĲӦûֽ˰ɡ
ȥ³ľ룬Сʱķɻأֵܣ
ӵԪֽԱߵһ˵Լɹþһ㡣
ҰҲȥ³ľ밡
Ԫһ˿Ĺâ³ľ½ɡƫԶطҪǹȥˣҿ϶Ҳġ
ôȥԱСӾõİ취Ԫһһ⡣
Ԫֻ뿪ȥܲšԽƫƧĵطԽá
ԪܿӲȴû߿վ˲ſڡȴһԱ߲ﴫһOO@@ĴһŴ򿪣߳һӷ׵ӡ
ףǣ㻹û߰
ԪվǰԼЦԴЦŴкû뵽ڸԼֽСӻԼЦѻ
ǰһûء
ԪҲһЦЦţЦţͻȻһȭͷһЦĴӴ˹ȥ

Ӹû뵽ԪᶯִĲҽһͨ˳ȥһƨͰϣڹ£һͷײǽϣһ˹ȥҲû뵽Լֽ˻Լûеǰ˰ɣ
̼ͽһĴӸˣԪҲԥ˲¿ʼæ
ֹʮӵģһֵҡŶ˳ǰһĴһģһ
˾ǰԪһԼʱ˿̵ģȻЩ̬һͷģǲڱϳҸҪǣ֤ǩ֤˸ϲԼ
֣ʮ꣬˾ܲá
ԪĻ֤пָϰһӵϢû뵽һĴӾȻһܲãҲãԽԽʺԼΡԪղŶԻѾӵóһЩҪϢҲˡֻҪɻأ˷ɻһˡ
ӣԪԻûһҹѲġѹԼѲ֪ĸͷȥˡ
˽ֵΪڻһ·Ȼͨ衣ͨ죬ǻһǳɡһͷȲյĿλ
ԪɻرͷȲգλһȥȻƤ˵ĸоǲһǮ˹Ӿǲһ
Ԫ۾͵ŷɻɣȻܵƫƧطȥúһˡڽӦһƬǽ˰ɡ֪ǻۿһƬǽĻһһʲô顣˴ôʵı飬Ԫȴǿˡ
ɻɻмӵʱ䣬Ǹ½Ϸɻʱ䡣Ԫţ׼ú˯һȻȥ³ľҵط
ֻû˯ţͻȻһ˹һ˵ζ˱Ƕ
ᣬ֣ô˼һϷɻ˰ǲǲҪ˰֣֣
ԱߴһεͷȲĿⶼ׷׿˹
ֻ֪ʱԪԱѾһ˿ȱĸŮ§סԪĲӣǻȵĽͲŤĥԪֱۡ
޳ĺ˿ȣԲβߣ͸װ¹⻬ƽ̶ĺ󱳣һõû˶˿ڿˮֻоڵĿ
һĿԪϣԪͷģĽʼɺޣ
ôεεһŮôͷӣǱ
ꡣˮײ˶ˣ
ԪһӺݺݿɫŮһĹ˿ڿˮ޺޲ƽ
Ԫӵļ֤ӵģΪӵݾͿɻȥû뵽ӲһġԱ߻һεεŮ˵ŮҲԪ˽֣Ϊֽӵ˺ң§Ԫˣ
ԪֻоһĸоԼϣȻۣһӳľѩԲķѹһŽҡζζӿѩ׵鹵쳣ˡټ϶ǽεεһõԪ屾˷Ӧ
֣㲻Ҫ˼֣ᣡ֣˵㰮ң֣˼벻֣
ԱһɫŮ§סԪţʹǻȵԪԲıǲϼѹĥţõԪոƽϢѸٷӿ
ԪôҲû뵽ֵĽӾȻ֪ðϷɻˡһ˿ŮԪ֪Լһ·пͷˡ


289 
ѣ졣֮أɽ͡һվüŰһ߷
ԶԶȥֻһɽֱԼǧףȼ磬֮üĿоü֮ơ
ھü嶥һۣңڽ֮˼ɾһ۱ǰ֮أ
ڵ֮ڣһԺһ׷ֳһžḧšǲϵﾡǰʹ֮ɫ
٣ΨһĶӣȴɥһС֮ޣұز
ָݣ֦ϸȥᷢ˵Ƥޱȣʬ¶ľ⣬˶ὫһнľĴΣˡ
˾ǰҼ죡Ψһһǿߣ
ڻ֮Уһλ䣬ڲǿ֮ĳߡ
ͻȻ̧ͷԶϵֻӰԶȣܿǰӰ֣Ȼǻһۺؼˣ
ˡ
ƺ֪ۺҪƽ˹
֣ǻƽôꡣһֱల¡ԭҲǴ͵áû뵽ȴһԪɱؼߣɱҿٵˣȻֱҡԪʵһĵ涾ɲԪһƽ֮աҺͻֶֹ񾵣ݳԪڡȻ˹ȥնɱ
˳˱ֱ֡˵˵Լ⡣ػҷѰԪҲѰֻܹҵˡ
ߣ
ȴһߡ
ػң֪㡣һδɵëһɳ˽ֵزܡԪֻǴʱڣͽɱﻹн֮
վ֮಻ԪҲһʹﵽ¾ģСʱ֪նɱĻȻػҵܡȴԼܾǣ
ֻҶٵ˿á񾵵ĹþҲ޷ת²ܣȴҶˣһûǺú㣡
䡣Ȼ˵ƾʹ٣ѾǼˡɽò˶ãҪ졣
ԭҪſٵ˷ã˭֪ٵȴɥȪֱǶһ
ܷŭԪж⻪ۺˡ
֣ˡҲءһ˸ǲأлҵһԪһƽԪѾͻ¶أʵͻƲƾ磬¸նɱʱˣµĴ١ҪɱˣЯֹ
ԪٶȣĿõġֱԶԶвǿߡʣͻƲҲǿ϶顣һԼҲ޷κˡǾǴͷˣ
ǿߣԭһ߸ϣڡƽӲһԪȴǱȵֵزò
Ԫƻ־ͨݽ֮ããأҪѰ֮¡µֻнֵ֮ܽԪҵ򣬵ǿµ߸Ľ
˱˱֡
ҴԺȥˣҲǴĿġ˵ԪȻֻ¶صΪʵȴԶԶء
Ҫͻ˲ƾ磬һǿߣ޷նɱһòǿ߶ɵĿ´ڣ
ؼңңȻԪѡҪǲɱԪؼҺͻҾֻиһ³˲òǰ붯ҳɽҺԪûд֮ǰȽɱɳǾΪ
ɫš
γҵԪԪʬΣйͷ֮ޡһͨݽˣãã˺֮УѰǾǴ롣

̾˿µҲֻˡֻҪԪԪԭʣ޼ڶݣ;ƿݾǰԼԪɱԪɱһ΢ϵ鰡
áҿԴӦѰԪ¹شҪúðһſתңԹһƷңΪ˵
ԼҪΪɱһɵԪҸĴ̫ˡػҺúòС
ʲô
Ļۺɫһ䡣ԪҹͬĵˣôҪɱԪҪԼҶǮˣ
ɫѿеԴԪӶȥˣһƷôõó
ۺ˻һۣڸ˼š
áֻҪܹ֡һƷʲôԪĸ󻼡
һ˿ڵ˵֮УСĻؼҡóһƷҲ̫ѵ顣
̰ƣҲ֪˶ٵԴֻԪ쾡ֺˣҵת˲ڻңȻ㣬ֻʣ»һ֧š
ȵ˺Ԫɱһҵ㣬ؼһ֦㣬Ǵĺ顣Ȼϣ⻪ԽԽõġһССƷ㲻ʲô
һԸϵȹһƷֻ֡ԸҵԪѩޣ
ҧҧֵ
ΨһһͷɱԪھʱҲûйϵԭǼҪĶҲԸóˡƵľģƴŲҪδĻҵҲҪɱԪˣ


290 ׼
Ԫû뵽Լø˵Ҳǳ鷳ҲȻˣһʲô˾ĸܲãҲǸôûŮءͷúÿŮݽ
һ·ϣڷɻϣɫŮʹԪţͶͱԪ֮֮
ڻڣ˿Ůһ˵Ԫϣ˶ǿˮһһءܹɱˣԪѾ˼ٴˡ
Сʱ㣬ڵ³ʱˡ
˿ŮҪԪȥƵס£˰죬Ԫףԭһ˿ŮǽֵСִǿƯҪݺŪСȻҪλճŲšһԹŮ׹ػأøϽҸطɲһ˴ս
ֻЩ飬ԪȥܣַɧݽŮҲûȤԪϲ˦һ˿Ů˲ֶݽԭģ
ԭģԪϵ·ɿࡣûϵҲôںˡֻҪ·ˡ
һͤԪһűֽһñӡ³ľ룬ƫƧطǲõĻؼҵצ쵽ٴҲܵͨĵز
Ԫڴô³ľɰһЩ󣬾ͻǰƫƧڡȻú
ڵͼϲ鿴һ£Ԫ³ľһƬƧĴֽʲôɽ
һɽӺܳƫƧޱȣǺʺԪЩӻҵõԴԪúӦÿͻءڶ˵ʵ֮صĴ顣
Ԫ֮󣬾Ϳʼɰˡ
ԵĴģԪǲںɽ֮УɱժһЩҰάơ
ԪҪɰǷֽѪѪľƷıرƷϾԪõ˲ٻҵķرĿڷɽҪúϴɾܵѪɱ
ЩûдɾĻΪûҵ׷ԼԪʵԸһǿ߻Щ
ԪЧʺܿ죬һͽҪĶȫɹˡһССĵϣǺһÿͣһѼñҲע⡣
³ľûеɽֱﳵаʿɽԪһʿվƱ˳
ٿǮĳƱǮҲˡλ
ԪҵԼλ
Ǵ³ľ뵽˳ǵĴͣ;оɽԪѡڴΪһ׾ˣҲױ˷֡
ڴɽͷûϵˣϡƫƧʡȥ˺ܶ鷳ա
ӻʮҪԪš
Ѿ¶صʵˣôӻҵõЩԴĻӦúܿͻء
صƾ磬ȴһ޴⡣
һԴ֮£ԪͻƲҲķʱ䡣
һȻһ򣬵ͻҲͬ׵顣ûһظܹɡ
ͻҲһ֮ĶҪһ֮ĶͻƺʱܹɣԪҲûеס
Ԫ󣬻ۣЩǿ߻ڷ׷ɱԪ˵ΣԶԶûнԽԽԽͻƲƾ磬ĴܹһЩ
ԪŵʱͻȻоͰһûһ㡣
Ԫо֣۾ȴһź¾װŮ˽
һ¾װŮӴߣ˿ݣǰ͹̵ȴõѪҺڡ
Ƥѥĺ£һ֮ǷθǻԲ˶һ߽Sߣÿһ˶ŲƲ۾
һӵĵŮˣôһʵϣκ˵ĿһϣҲȥˡΪŮ˵Ѿ㹻ҹˡ
ԪҲһԪĺõŮ˲٣ܹǰŮȵȴûм
ոڷɻҲһ˿ŮҲǸղǺ˿ŮǰһŮȣȴЩʡ
ǻ˵Σʣ˵ֱɱһջıɽԸ֮࣬ű䣬˵
ȻԪĲŮ˵ģϵһɱ
һɱȻΣȴԪ۾ԪϸϸĴһ󣬾͵ó˽ۡŮһߣڴǰڵʵմŲٵǻΣɱ֣һŮ˳˴ڣȻǺġ
ԪҲ࿴˼ۣԪֻǶ࿴˼۶ѡܿͱ۾Ԫûô˼ȥܱ˵¡ΨһǺúͻƲƾ磡ƯŮˣʵ̫ˡ
ԪȻ۾Ǻܶ˵۾ȴôˣһһ׷һǰ͹̵ǻŮϡŮS͵ķΡ˶˿ˮ
³ľҲعĵطʢŮŮȴټȻŮߣȴûӰ˼أҪȥҿߣµһʲô
һ·ŮƺѾϰΧ˵Ŀ⣬ֻƽţҲϵ飬ǴԿ϶ġ
ȻЩӸ벻۾ӵĴڣȴֻһһʣ˸ǰڨʹк


291 ų
һ·ĵʻţԪ۾šԼĸСʱʱԪۣ˿⣬Ѿһɽ֮ˡ
һµͼԪȷǼɽæ
ͣ

ҡҡλεĴͳͻȻ˼ɲһƬλεΪԲˤڵءӳͣºһԹŭɻĿⶼԪϡ
ھ˳ǻмСʱͻȻҪͣʲô˼ѵҪɽͷ³ô
ǼɽɽޣޱȵġǷ˻ɵˣ
˵Ŀ£Ԫ˵˳
³Ҫˡ˵ǰһҲ³ðա˭֪ʮȫ˰
ǰɽҰޣ˵Ұأ
С׶༪ˣ˾

ͷ˶ȥˣԪа˳ҶԪһð¿ˡ
һ£
˿Ԫ³ΪӾҪʱһ˹ȴһ·ŮҲվ
һһĿٴ
ǰһ³ȥɽͷпԭŮ³ʲôرŮ˻ôջô㣬һ³Ҫ˻ˡ
ҪȰ裬һŮ˱Ͷס졣Ȼ·Ů˳
ĸߴ׳վһۣһЦҲŮӵĽŲ˳ǸǰǺ·Ů˵ĽŲˡ
ǰһһŮ³Ҳ֪ҪʲôǺͺ³ȴһˡΪͺԾǳǰ·Ůȥġ
Ȼһ㣬ɽҰ˭Ҳ¡˭Ů³ˣĽҰģǻñ档˿ؿŮһۣҲûȥܣӼʻ˳ȥ
Ԫһ³ģվ·ߣųӹȥҪȥ
Ԫû뵽ǣһ·ŮҲ˳Żͺ
ͺһһԪǸʲôġֻԪȴһ˿Ц⡣
һŮȻǰ͹̷ˣʵʮҲǶ֡ͺ̰ɫ˳ȴǵĿɲʲôùӳԡԪ֪һŮ˾ɱ˲գ۵ģ
ȻԪϣͺ˳ֱԪŮм䣬Ԫݺݱ˸ƣǳ˼£ƺھԪҪ¡
Ԫֻͬؿͺһۣûж˵תͷȥȵ뿪Ŷ˹ȥ
һ£һŮʵͬСɣѾǴǰڵʵˣҪ¡
ԪææˣͺȻΪԪŻסˣӵ·ԣĽҰֻʣԼ˺һεεķŮˣԼŪˣһ뵽һǰ͹̰͹µķŮ˻ᱻԼѹ£ͺѪŵĸо
·Ůӿ˿ԪȥıӰһ˿ġ
ų򡣡
ȻԪⲻܲȥΪһ·Ů˵СµųǱġ

ٺ٣
ԪҲˣߴ׳͸޼ɵˡȵӺԪ뿪ǰ͹̵ĺŮΧ˹ȥһЦˮҪˡ
Ůһ˽ɽȫɡҪҪ㰡
һͺ˺Ůǰ棬һ˫ںŮǰ͹̵ϴŽڽסŷ˶򣬸ǿˮҪˡô޴ҲEֱɡ
ð
˭֪ǺŮû¶˿ĺ£һݸЦ⣬ͺ˹޳ָ
ǣ߰ɡ
Ůᶯ˵˹飬˵񣬸ѪšͺʱܳǾĸоæץסŮĹ⻬С֡
ãðһúǣߡ
ͺץסŮֺúøţţǰĺŮЦøˡȻסģǴǣһ绨Ǻεȵǡ
ͻȻ䣬Ů֮ںХ˳һͺһŮ֣ϵõһ˫۾ͱУѪȻ

ͺʱһĲҽУס˷Ѫ˫һԵ˵طɱһҽ˫۱Ϲ־ʹ˭ܹܵˣ
ʲô
һһֱŮĻԲεͺҲû뵽ʣʶתܡһӣŮͻȻתһɨһİХ˳ȥ
һͺܳԶ󣬰ĲҽһͨԵ˵ϣں׳һ֣ɢűĺ⡣
֪ߵغɫǾȻԼϣŮȻҪһѪĽѵˡ
ڶͺԱһѾһغˡȻתűϹ˫۵˹ȥǰϹӵ˫ֻۣһЩĥѡ
һϹ˫۵һһȥѪӿ϶ѪۡΪʹÿһµļǶ
ҪҪƺܵɱһͺĵ顣
ֻŮӵ䣬û˿ݣֱ̧ۣһХ

䶯е˲̧ͷҽСӳ鴤˼£Ȼû˶
ɾ˺˿Ԫȥķһİɽͷʲôһųӵġ
ҲԪķ˹ȥҪȥɽ֮аһ顣


292 
ԪֻһƫƧĵطһɽ֮к󣬾ٶȺܿ죬һ·̤ŴԵķԱ߿һᾪΪԪʱٶ˿ѷɫڸղһʿٶȡ
Сʱ˻ͣɽ֮Уɭһ⣬Ҳûпʲôյĵطһ·ӣҰҲûпֻҪ˵ҰˡɼʿЩ˵ĶǴСˡ
ȵԪʱѾĵˡԪͷһֻҰãһԣͿʼˡ
һʱ䣬ҪɽͷһҰˡҰζҲǱرһֹΡ
ӵʱ䣬ԪͽˡȻҰüʼտ
Ԫһ׼ĨһΰȥܿӾͿʼɢζˡʱԪó˴ʼԼսƷˡ
ƷĴ
ԪɫһԼЩսƷͷȻһƷĴһɫĴӣռܴһ򳡴С֮ԪǰĴ֪ǿ١ռ󣬶ҷȼҲߣѰķ̲͸ⴢ
Ԫ΢΢һЦһƷĴ߿ڷɽŽȥɱ˲ɱ󼸷ݣ
ԪϸͷȫһССˡַӦоУЩҪȫϴһ㣬ҪѺܶʱ䡣
ȻһЩʲôġԪֱץһѣһЩ˳ֱȥһЩģصģҪѡһ嫵Ĺ̡
Ұþݣֻһ˸ôݳޡݴڴڳȥҲǷζˬڡѰʳһζ
ɳɳ
ɳɳ
ԪĽһȥʱһŲ˹ԪܵľæʼտҰ
ɽ֮УȻ׷ӦǰһŮˡԪطĸСʱտζ˼СʱһŮҲõˡ
ȻԪϣ˴ԼӺһİ͹µĺŮ֮С
ԾɴߣڿԪʱŲ࣬ɫ䱸һ˫ΧɨƺţȷûΣպ˿ԪеտҰʱӿһ˿Ȼһ˿
˿ΧɫоԼЩˣҲھԪʮ׿ĵط£һ˫޳չ¶˱ֱȳƵţͦĻߣӲ濴ȥϦ£쳣ˡӱһˮ˿ˮȻûժߣǴƺӦЩƣˡ
ʮ׵ľ룬˭Ҳû˭кԪܹоŮ˶Լıĺ;䣬ӦǰԼһ˵ԭ򡣲ԪҲûȥ͡
ŮƼˮ꣬ûʲôϸȥ͡ǺܽõˣԪҲûн͵ϰߡ
ԪǾտԼҰáģҰõĿ죬ҰΧ˽Ƶɫһ˵ζ˱Ƕ磬
һζԪɵθڴ󿪡̲ססһֻȣ˺Ҫá
ȵȣ
ʱһ˹ȴߵǰ
Ҫһֻȡһ
佫һ˵ϡ
һһֻȣ
Ԫһû뵽Ů˳ֻͦµİһᣬҲֵǮɡ湻󷽵ġҲûϵԪûʲôֽպܻǮԪҲܾ
Լðɡ
Ԫ˿ʣһֻӡ
Ҫ
Ԫϡ
Ԫһ£Ƭ̺ˡŮԼ¶δҲͷ˰ɡҲԣһŮɽҰֵҲȷʵӦþһ¡رƯŮˣ˶ȥˡ
ԪҲûкŮ˼ƽϣ㽫ȵ˹ȥԼ˺һֻȡ
ɫɢ˵ĹԪڴڳԱŮ˿Ԫ£ŷĵĳԵȴ˹ģǺӣСһСһСڵҧţһֻӡһӣմͣ˵ζ಻ʱ⶯ˡ
ʲô
ųЩΣͻȻڵ
ΰΰߣϲ۹⡣ͬ粻ͬķ羰
ԪĻظһ䡣ԼĴŴ磬ҲһѧŮӦòỳɡ
һ˫ӴԪһ£ȷʵԪЩ档ҿȴҲԪʲôصĵطֻһé®ѧɡȻǰҲῴͺŵܵˡһѧСųһҲǿġ
˿ɫüĿ𣬺ܿվ
ɽޱȡһ޸֮֮ѧǲҪߵĺáϽȥɡ
˵һ䡣ϸȥĻᷢԪкܶɵĵطɫҴңȴ˲ȥϸ鿴˵һת뿪ˡĴҴң⼴ĻҹɫҲˣɼҪȥ졣
ԪҲֻǵƳһۡɽʣµ˹ڴڳԼտҰӾȻرζȷЩɽ亣ζ
ֳһֻȡȵһ֮һƴĹҪȥɱ󣬳ؾ磬ЩһһտɵġɽҰ˴ţǿһ


293 ɱ
עһѵ񡣵ȵǺŮӳ뿪Ա֮ԪϿʼж
Ʒ
Ԫ˴ķֽѪѪľȱر֮ȻݸֿھһƷ
ҿԪѾﵽ¾磬Ʒٶȱ֮ǰࡣǰĴǾ磬ôҪôûһµʱáҲ޷֧ôӴһĿ
㻨һʱ䣬ԪƳʮŷ
ȻǴĹˡһһóд֮ٵѪ
ƷȻƷȻƷһһεԪָˣѪһ롣
Ĵ۵Ȼֵõġʱ䣬ԪеķȫһԪӵеķʮ
һʮȫɱȥҲһǿߡ
ķľԪִӴȡ˴ݣھ׽£۾ʼ
һܺ飬ѰһһѾԪˡԪһνô෨ȫ⴫ȥǲ˼顣һӾӵĿôӴķҲĽʼɺޡ
һһҹȵڶһԪʱ۾۾һ˿⡣
ɱʱˣ
Ԫץһ۴߿ڷɽһܹо߿ڷɽϢķɽһֱĸоһ߿ڷɽԼ˶
߿ڷɽڻ۴ģϢɾһ£˵ĬʱԪתɱ󷨣ɱȥҲᱶ߿ڷɽͬͬϢģ˴ܹΪһ塣
סһ۴֮ԪһԾŸɽ֮ϷӶȥ
ɱܴ󣬲ʺĵطɶ̫˻ɾͲˡ
һ·ӣһСʱѰһƧĵطԪ˸ߴһˢһ£߿ڷɽʹӻ۴Х
߿ڷɽХ˲˸߿գ߿ڷɽ֮ɢĺ̾õرһɷϯ֮ԭʵգҲ˲鲼ƣ͸¶ɭĺ⡣
߿ڷɽΧĿУЩˮ˲Ϊ˱׷ɼһݺжɱҪԵķâ
߿ڷɽ㳦Ϊףڳһֳͬһ߰β˸߿֮С⻪߿ڷɽ֮תţ
һֳɱһʽ߿ڷɽſǿöַʤǼɱһУ
Ԫɫһʱһһֳɱ͵صתͷβӰΪͷ߽ԶһɽХȥ߿ڷɽ糤ߣ鶯ޱȣһɱȴǳԦ߿ڷɽ¶صĸ֣ԪֻҪһоܹ׻ɱ
䣡
ת˲֮䣬ĸɽһ֮ɳʯ׷ױ˳ӰǸɽˣһǴʮ⣬춯أɽ·Ų˼£
һΡ޴ĸɽһǿĶ֣һеסӰĹƺ΢΢һ£ɽӴһڷɽǲԺǺܿĹƽϣͬһʱ̣һӾõɽʤ
һĶֵס˵һƺͽӲµڶƣҪ˵滹Ŀں㳦ĹƣĿϾӣӦ֮ʱײɳ֮
һһƣ˷Ӧһһǿһһͣǳɱ಻ֹһֹ֮ͷֽβٶȷڶֹƣͬһԲתչĳս
¡
㳦һ£Ρɽ͵رѿʯ촷۷׷Ʈ£һ߸ߵɽ˲ΪƽأۿȥĿģ
ܿ߿ڷɽ˻ҳ֮߿ڷɽɢŷĺ⣡
ɱĪ⡣ҽɱȫɣ¾ǲǿߡҾ㲻ܹսʤҲܹڲ֮ˣϴǰǱ
ԪĿ㡣۵նģһǿᡣնԪɱ֮УпԶԸһһֳ󣬶һһʺ뵥սԸնȫû⡣
ȻɱʺȺŹȺŹһȺŹһȺŹһŹһȺ˵ȺŹɱ֮һн찵أʮѪƮȺŹľʽһʹǧ֮ǹ±ɫһɱУ
Ԫɫһʱ߿ڷɽٻȻڰγһԲȦתɱת̼ͲһУеĲһХ֮ضƱɫһӰҹֻŰʱ֮
⽣֮У̾ĽХ˳ȥЩ飬ǧǧͬһǰһƬԲǧ׵֣һ˲䣬ռ䶼·˺ѳǧǧ죡
ÿһǿޱȣ̲ɱâ޿赲һ֮󣬺¡ֻһƬƬľȻأƬ̺ⷽԲǧ׵֣һƬǽ壬Ϊƽأɳʯɽ
ʱ˿̣Ԫǰǧɱķ¾֮£һƬѪȾɽӵ龰ǧͷ˲ո
ذʮѪƮһһɣôɱʵ˵УǧǧˣҲɱ֮֮
һˣ߿ڷɽս۱


294 ˮ
ѾѪˣԪҪúòٿʹһ¡ַиֵͬʹҲвͬ
ɱڲϵ֮УԽԽһл찵ʮѪƮննأɱһУԪҲǾĲѡ
֮⣬ԪҪǳؾˡ
תʱȥˡһʱڣԪЩݣء
һɹۻԪӿˢԪǣԪһ˵ܡ˹ȵȪͷϴһһ
һɹۻͬ󺣱һ㣬ԪڻȣһǿһһһԪĲﵽһĵزԪڵһƿ̹ȥ
һޱĴڡһԶ޷֪Լ̲ŶôµǱܡһеǱܶ޷
һϿǱܵĹֻ̡⿪ͬǾ֮ɽޱȡԽ棬ԽǼ裬ءûд֮˸޷ɡ
־СʱԪ۾˫һ˿γ֮ɫվǼ֮ڳ
عȻôԴﵽġ
Ԫ̾˿˿Լ壬Ѿֳһ˵Сɫˢ֮ı仯ԪܹԸоÿһϸǱĬظıţøӼͣӱӽաǿ׳״̬ڵԪ˵ǵӵһЩǿķҲ˺Ԫֺ
֮У֪Ѿһˡһڵʱ䣬ԪɱҲջˡȵٳؾ磬Ϳ뿪طˡ

ԪŵʱͻȻǰһŲȻһӰײײ˹
ԪüͷӰǣˣҪǣ˾ȻǰԪĺŮӣ
Ůӵײײ˹һײԪĻԪϣһζѪȴ˹Ů˺̧ۣͷԪһ˿֮ɫȻܿߣӣ
Ůúһ䣬ͻȻһԣ͵ԪĻǷԪֻܱסŮĵĿĵ˺ۣԪüͷ
Ůһ·ӵȻǱ׷ɱˡ治֪ʲô˾ȻһŮôݣ
Ԫɻ֮ʱܿӻ߳߸µӣߴͦΣΪһ˫Ŀ䣬ɢͬһ׹⣬һ߳󣬴˸ơ߸ϱ㽫ԪΧм䣡
ȻһԪһѷĴ󵶣Ѫһ˿תţһƷ
ӵʵҲۻ룬ﵽ˴ǰڵʵԪɨһۣ㽫ӿ˸ɸɾ
Ԫֿ˿ˡ߸ֵ֮ߣһǰڣڣʣµĸͨˡǿ׳һʮĺ֡һȺΧһǰڵĺŮӣŮӵȻǽڽڰˣǱӴˡ
û뵽Ů˾Ȼһ֡Ҳãҵ˶ɱһһ
ǰӿԪ¶ݵ飬Ȼ󲽲ʼմŹЦ⡣Ԫﶾ߰飬ԪѾһһ㡣
Ԫ̾˿ԭ֮Уû뵽ȴʼն㲻ȥ˦ֲܣһҲ϶ԼŮ˵İףضŹԼġǣһ徲ĵطһҲܹ
߰ɡҲɱˡ
Ԫ˵һ䡣ȷʵǲɱˣΪɱǰһˣ϶һȺ˸ɱɱȥ޾ȻɱЩ˶˵׾ٵģ˷ѵʱȴԼġ
ߣ
ԭΪԼ˰ΧһһŵɫġȻ˵ɱˡõðˮǲˬ
ҵҲǴǰڵʵû˸Һ˵ҵʵǲ֪ߵغ
Ҷ£
ˮһֹԪȥҪֵİҶˡ
ס˽Ų˼ǸղҪ͵͵ȥԪ˭֪ȴסˡ
СӹҪԽѵѵ֪ˮһʲô
ˮѷ󵶣һ˲䣬ӿɱ͸һֲĸоؿԪҲԽ
ϲɱˣرϲɱֲ֪ߵغĿ֪ˡÿһɱ˶ر˷ܺͷ
ټǧҪһɱó鵶ˮһһ
ʱһͻȻڵ
ԡ׷ҹԭҪúŪŮˣ˭֪ɱŮ治ɣǵˣ
ԣһأ
̬
̬ͱ̬Ҿϲ˺Ǹǲڣ֪Ǹ

һ·׷ɱ˼켸ҹЩҲǽƣߣ˻ԣһ޸֮ͬ顣һȺΪʤȯգȻһӷЦȻҪԪȡˡ
ЩЦ֮УˮҲǲ߽ɫԽԽ⡣ԪϴţѰ˼ĥԪĸλĥԪ
һˮ¶Ц⣬Ĵ󵶻裬ȻԪҶɨ˹Ĵ󵶴͵ĺ⣬õضɱڴʱԪָҲһһ⻪Хûˮü֮У


295 

ˮŵǻûԪǰ֮ԶͻȻüĴһĨѪ͵ر˳һѪɫõ壡ˮ˫˲ɴ󣬾㵵ؿǰվŵԪ˵һ˲֮䣬ʶյĸо˿յģһȱͿˡԪһãȻ;㵣ٵȵӦʱһصĸо˹ͨһԵ˵ϣ
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ضҵһƬ𵴣ҳʯɽȻˮԵس鴤˼º󣬱Ҳû˶ѪԴӿ˳ܿ콫ȾһƬѪɫ˫۵ɴͬţۣﾡǲʺ;㵵飡
ʲô
˿ǰһĻɴ۾˵ˮ֮ʵǿģǰڵʵһһĸְǻûпԪ֣ˮһغˣ
ʵҲ̫̬˰ɣȻǰڵĸһӸɱˣ
һӷ˱仯˿Ԫɫ쳣ѿܿһҵ߷Ӧ˹
ܣ
ߴһæ·ӡ
ˮʵ֪ˮʵҪԸǼǼֱɣˮȴһоˡô֪ǰж
ʣµת·ߣ֪ٶһ£Ǿ·һԪôܷܣ

ûܳԶܵһ߲ҽһͻȻԵ˵ϣĺ˸ѪͬˮעĴָϸСˮעӿ׸ߣ
ţһһһԵڵأͺһ㣬һһԴѿѪĽ˵ϣǵʯ֮䣬Щ߶ӦͻȻ˵ϣһһʬڵأѪܣΨһͬǵ۾ɵĴģǺܲľһͻȻˣ
ԪؿһۡЩʵ΢ˣȫġԪ㿴ǰǺŮӣһŮˡ
ſ˵ϣѪķŮԪЩͷۡɽͷǲ¡鷳ȴƫƫ
ԪҲ֪ʲôԹҵˣҲüȡ
ԪǰһơֻˣĿģѪܣǰ֮䣬Ҳһơ˶ѪʪˣʱƵĻҲʧѪ
ԪһЩɹûа⡣Ԫ¾ͽ·˺˸⡣
·˺һһͳǰȻ˵ˣԾɿԿȳƵΡʵɽ壬ԲͦΣ;Ȼ˿覴ãܿ۵͹𣬶¿ȥƽ̹С޳ȣһƬˮۣ޾⣬ǰ
ԪȻٵŮˣϾõһȳޱȣûһ˿࣬ÿһߣ·ǡôѹڴͺ͸Ͻ
ʱҲݲԪȥɹ֮ŪҩۡȻһһͿĨ˵ĵط
ɽ֮һ̺۵ǺƵĻ϶ºۼ
Ԫһְ£˳Ź⻬ļҩͿĨ˿ڣɱĴŻԲļͦĸо˹ֵԣ˾ġ

еһҧ˵ȴԪ֮顣
ԪͿĨȵҩ۳ͿĨɾʱ˿Ѿϵòˡ
ɹԭƵҩټߣʺܺãԿúܿ졣
ȻԪὫ˸˵ϣȻںͿĨҩ˺ۺܶ࣬·ԵʣѪ·ϣȴûĴɢ󱳵ļͳԪǰ
⻬ĺ󱳣ͬ֬ⴥԵԪİĦˣһ˵˹ţS͵ε˵òζ
ԪǿѰ˿ǰ͹̵ѩΣѾ̲סˡ
æһкԪ˿æһסǻѪΡ
ͿĨôɹ֮Ӧúܿͻ῵ɡ
ԪĶѾˣ֮󣬾Աߣһݷ׽붨
ʧôˣӦòװݡԪΪһҾ뿪ɽϾһҲס
ǵȵŮѹ˵ɡ
ԪڵɱѾСɣټ¶صʵѾǵǸ˭ҪǱӴܵСˡ
ֻɱˣûɱǿۣͬĲǿߣԪǣҲǰǱٻܹǿӦС
ʵֻоԵʵĴݺ͵
ԪתĬĬʼҪܹͻأɱܹپˣ
ԪԱĬĬš˵ϾˡɴߣժߵĻᷢԭ԰׵ɫĻָѪɫ
һĿĵ˺ۣҲԲ˼ٶȿţҽһᾪȵĺϲ£ɹټصʣƿֱ˵󣬼ϸ˿Ϸ
Űɹãһ㺹Ϲ˳ѩ׻۵ļ£Խʹ͹µˡһ󵭵Ҳϴ˹
紵ĳһ໹ܿСŲȻ˵ľ


296 
ʱһһȥԪԱ߾š˵ϡܿһһҹʱȥˣȵ峿ʱۡ
һʹʹĸо˹ҧ˿ܣԪԼԱʱüֿ˿ΧȴΧһƬƽûпҵˡ
ѵˮû׷
죬߰
ͻȻԪ
ˮܿͻ׷ʱ߸ΧɱԼ϶ֵġǰֻһѧôܶù
֪ԪΪʲôȻΪųһЩǵԼġҲԪΪԼܵۡԼеú
֮еԪӣĿϣɨɨվ
뿪ԽԽáҵĳҪ׷ˣߡ
ź
ң
Ԫ˿ΧŷӦ֪Լ˯һһҹΪˮ˻ں׷Űɡ
ĳѾˡ
Ԫʼ硣
ʲô
ˣ
һæ˿ΧȻΧһƬɾܿһЩѪ㣬ȻѾ峿ˡʱ侹Ȼȥһһҹ
һԼ壬ԼϵƾȻȫˡԼϵ·Ҳѹˣֻһѵš
鼸䣬ЩⷢһС
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ͻȻʲôԪһӾ
㣬ɱǣ
㵵õ
ʱ˿̣ĽҰ룬Ԫûбʲôˡˮ˷׷ɱ˹Ԫ˭ܹɱǰǣǰ˲һųôʵ
ԼϵƣȻҲˡ
֪ԼжصģȥЩ˺۶ˡһƬ⻬ļЩ飬Щ޷Ӧͽܡ

Ԫƽĵ˵ͷ
סˣþòһСǰһֱΪԪֻһųءû뵽ԪȻɱôˣΪ׵ˮӵзĴǰ߰ʵǿޱȵġȻҲɱˡ
ֿ˿Լһ˿ҵӣǰԼ·ɡּһ£ȷԼֻǱ˿ڶûֺܵ˿
лл㡣
ҧҧ촽Ȼ˵Ԫɻ󣬵ԪϾȻҪúøлһԪԾ֮ɫ
á
Ԫӵϼ˼·Ӹ
Լ·ϰɡ
Ԫ·ӹȥ󣬾һվҲԥվ·һһϡ
£µθӰ͹£رǻԲθֳһĻߣ磬þѪš
ˡ
Ӻ˹ϸȥᷢЩ졣
Ȼɱ˲գۣ⵽׻ǵһһİԱ߻·Щߡ
ԪܿתĿϡȴһȻҵ··ҲЩɡȴܲסľǻ𡣴ſɵ·ǰ͹µλǳ˳ǰ͹̣S͵ôԡ
ԪֻǿһۣȻֻصԼĵط¡ոչһ֫Ҫʼˡ
㣬𣿡
һβòԪˡԼǰʵ̫ĴˡȻԪ˵ʲôʲô
һѧһܵĽҰأ
Ȼ˺ü죿ҺԪڶμʱԼһ·ӹģԪȻǰտҰáʱϾǳ˰첻ġ
һжһͨͨѧһߡʱԼΪҪŰ£ȻûȥЩ⡣
⣬ԪûлشҲûзϡ
ʲô֣
ԪԱߡɽ֮УȻһߣһԼȻ˽ԪǶһˣǺܸмġҲ֪ϢԺҲлᱨȻϣȴжر
Ԫ
Ԫƽ³֡
ҽҵߡллҡǰᣬϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
Ԫ֡һ֣ԼȴųԼĶҪúһ²С

ԪҲ۵С֡ԭɱֵ֣ӦöֲܴڲŶԡСȴ쳣𪻬ۡԪסһ¾ɿˡ
ô˵ǰԸһҲȲѡΪȻԼһˣԼɱǣǾͻɱԼ
ȻԼ֮٣ˣԪҲȥ͡
һ˫ԪϣԪѯ
Ԫһûһػشţ̬΢΢ЩĮֻŮ˺֮󣬸Ͻ뿪ڴԼˡǺȻûҪ뿪˼Ԫ΢΢ԵĮ̬ȣԪȤϵѯš
ԪĺԽԽԪԸشĻԼ۲졣һ˫ӲסԪϴҪ͸ԪʵԽȥԽġΪоԪͺһɽһƬ󺣣ۻ嫵ÿͷϴţȴ޷Ԫʲôʵ
Ƭ֮ƺʲôͻȻվһš
ãԪҪϽ뿪
ɫ˲
ɱҵˮҿ϶ưոݡһ׷ġǧпһֵĶͷҪ֪ˮˣһ㾡ټ֮񱨸ģ
սȭͷﾡǵǵ顣


297 ݽ
ղһֱֻŴԪҪ顣ҿһĴ壬ҪҼˣ˵ʵ϶Եֵġ
߰ɡﻹҪ
Ԫ۾ûֻƽǲƾǿߣҪͻأǲǿ߹Ҳܹߡ
ҼǧпǴǺڵĸ֡ʵ߲֪ж١㲻Ҫд󡣡
ɫ֪ҼǧʵġɲԪ˶
˵ԪһΪԼЩⲻȥԪΣա
Ԫ۾Ҳ˵ˡȫΪ⡣
üԽϸԪԽԪͬСɡҪ֪ѰˣһǺڵߣ϶ŵˡȴȻǺڵʲôƵġ
ҧҧȻԪߣҲȻ뿪ˡԪΪԼҵģҪҲⲻȥҲܹԪһ
ԪغţƾڵˢΪĬĬ׼ԪﾲҲôšɴҲԱߣ
ķ紵㷢ͦεӾţ־ͬҶĸо
ȥ֮󣬴ʱ˷еԼ
˶ߣû˵ܿ쵽˰ʱ֣ΪЩˣۡ˿ԪֻԪƺ˳׵붨֮Уûа㷴Ӧ
СվӦöЩˣȻԪĻôԼȥɱһЩɡ
ӯ˳ȥ
ԪȻƽȴӿȡڽŵڰ˴γء
ϸȥᷢƤ㣬һһϸСĺ߳ҲͬˮһĲ
ֻǹ˰Σһ̾ϢԪ﷢۾һ˿ʧɫ
һγػʧܸˡ
Ԫ̾˿ǰտһֻӡ
Ϧ£磬רעؿǰӣȻߣְĸоԪ
ΰ͡
ԪץһСӵԱߡ
Ŷ
Ӧһ⿪Сóΰ֮ϡܿһ˵ζɢ
ԪҲԱߡ
߲۰
Ԫ˼Ѹɲһʢ
Ԫʵһֱĳûбܸߵһ˵ƯŮģرƯģǾԲһߵġһĺõŮˣٶô¡ԶôԪﶨΪеƫ¡ƯǳⶼԪҪܵ顣
Ԫֻǲϰһ˵ѡ
ƺԥһ£ժߵġһϣϳԼҲȷʵΪժһЩɧҡԪƺ־Եˡԥһ£ǾժߡһӣһϢǰ
Ԫԥ˼£Ϊժߣ˵ԲĿ⿴һžʱһסˡ
һžµ۾ӣüëͣÿһطϵ۾Ĵĥһ룬Բ󣬾£˿覴⾫µٳһϣһǳֱֳֹͣ
ԪҲϼٵŮ˵ǲ֪Ϊʲôȴһ𺳡رһ˫ӣһϣֹ˵ĸоˮž
Ԫʱժߵԭ
ߣħľõ˷Ҫժߣ¶ʹûһܹѳֵסԪоԼЩ˳ˣ⻹ǵһԵŮˣֱ׾޵ĸо
һ׾޵İŮʦӰ֮ʱ
ˡ
ԪסĿ⣬ҲĪһ죬æһֻ⽻ԪԪӹ󣬷Ӧʱǲȥˡ

񣬾ŷɽ֮⡣ۺ俴ǰһֻ޴ǣһֻƾõڹ֮ϣ鲼·ݺύʱ˿̣ڲϵתš
Ѿȥˣڵ֮ڶ֮ѰԪ䡣ôöûн˺ͻ죬Щͷˡ
վڶ˷һʱ䣬͵ڸԪȡһʱ䡣Ȼ޷ݵõԪ䣬ԼȥѰҡ
ֻ˸վʱһͻȻͣꡣͷָһ

˺ͻһ׷׿Ԫضȥĵط֮ûԪȷеĵطܹҵõ
ߣ
˺ͻۻһۣ׷ŵ֮ںХ˽ȥ֮ڣһ޴İϣͷɢ棬ɫ㲡һӲ˼ʮһ
֣ݳԪȷϢ
ۼ͵Ԫ˵ҧгݵĺޣ죬ֱʹԪϢֻһȥɱԪѩޡ
ɱˡǶɱԪ
ȴɫľʧȥһ㡣
ʲô
˺ͻɫһ䣬ʵڲⲻǿôˡԪﵽ˲ƾ磬֮ҪɱԪҲɰҪ˵ʵԶԶǿһĲǿߡ
ԪתɱԶɱ
૵һĳħһ㡣


298 Ե֮
ת
˺ͻ۶ʵڲΪʲôԪһ֮󣬾ͱһģѵԪ˿
˰ʱųѹӣһĨʧ֮ɫ
ɡˣۡԪתϽ½ġӵвԪЩ已̥ɱġ
챯ص
Ԫ
˺ͻɫһ䡣
˲ǿߣֻ޵УưˡǲƲڲԪȴתһɱԪתֻءȻٶȾǾɱԪҲֻɱԪһȴɱԪɱͷûǡ
д޾ľ
ʲô
˺ͻ۶һҪڵء죬ҹ룬Ҫ֪ԪϢ䣬ȻɱԪǵȴ֮ȴǷԪǲսʤģϢ˸޷ܣ
ȭͷսÿ졣ԪҲ˽֪Ԫʵȷʵ£ӿٵ֮ͿԿˡû뵽ԪȻһɱѲɫ
Ԫɱô񲻿϶ǡ
ѵûбİ취𣿡
ŭϽǷࣵΪŭͷëڲŭˡ
һоǰȴ˵вսʤֻܹͶڸոձԪ˻ҴԺĻ˵޷ܵһ顣
취ҲûСֻǣ찡
̧ͷ񷡣񷾡ͷ翵Ͻ硣ӿٵԪֺγɱԪءǡ
ɽֻ֮նɱĹֻʧ塣նɱԪֻҪԪͳˡ
ҷŶ֮ԪϢ˭֪ݣݣȻݵϽȥˡ
۾ƺڻ
֮׷˷ԴѰһеԴͷݴԪӴǧеõϢȻһ·ݵɽ硣Ҳ˺ķѾһԭ
Ǹ߸ϵϽ֮һ֪ԼһҪϽ֪֮Լһ˾ҷϿ⣬һԼ͵ûɢ
ϽҪʱȴһϵסˡ
һ˵
ϽһˡȻҲԪɽС˵ҪԸԪ֮˷ܡԸ⽵ǡǱҵһԵ֮ˡΪֻԵ֮˲ܹõݹ
컺
ʲô죿ȻԪгΪʲôɱԪ
æԳˣҲ֪Լһ已̥ȣʮǧľ롣
Ͻ½֮٣ֻ½֮ڵõԵ֮ʱǰϽ硣Ͻ֮ǲ½ġԪ䣬һΪ˵Ԫ
Ͻ½֮飬֪ıѰ˶ܶࡣΪõϢ֮˶ʵ̫ࡣ
Ե֮ˣԵѰңһǧҲδһ˶ǲǿߣΪûԵ޷ɽٷããأȥһԵ֮ˡ
ɫ쳣ѿû뵽ɱһԪҪķôۡȻҪһʲôԵ֮˲ܹɱԪ
ҾҵԵ֮ѵһԵ֮Ȼʵǿ󣬱ɵڶԪɱԼ
ǰΪԵ֮Ѱ١Ҳ˵ôҷͷ
̾˿Ͼǲ顣
ȵȣ
վһԳĬĻͻȻˡ
Ե֮һҾйһճ֮ʱұо˽٣䣬׹Ǵ߲ġԶڻҲӡӦþԵ֮ˡ
۵ڻңȻǲǾԵĵһƵʾҪʤһЩֻǻȴûصƣѡ񣬾ΪյһЩ񼣡
ߣһ˵ʲôá
һߡʲôԵ֮ˣȴŶšȻ˵Ԫɱ˾ͲԼǿߵʵɱԪԪԪֻҪתһΣԼɱһΡ޾ҲԪĴ޾Ҳһˬ֮¡
δأ
ȴӣһ˿⡣
ȻֻӴƬ̡ȴоӵĪʵʬһЩҲһ
ֻͨݽӴ죬һְԵ񣬻ϵϢֱõﳼһߣ
㻪ˣҲа취Ҳһ
áȥʬһ
һתȻŻҺХ˹ȥ
ߣҪԵ֮ˣǾǵġԪԹȥɱ
һߣתȴķ˹ȥ˲ŲʲôԵ֮ˣӲŻ졣
һ򲽽ǻԵ֮ˣõӳ֣ӵϵʵʱҲֻҡؼҺ˵ûкô
˲ŲκϽȥ顣Ѿ֪Ԫڵķλɴ͹ȥԪɱˣԪԴ׳ؼҡ
ǲƾʵȻ۲ټͷһƷҪԸԪֱ׾١
ߣһȺСӵǲǿҲɱáοԪɱԪԴ˾ǻĹһŲǿߣµһ
һҧȻӿٶȡȣһ·ķ


299 ǧ
ԪĬĬسءһһ顣ûԪˣڼ
һðնһ˹ҽףԭΪһã˭֪ȴǱ֮ˡʱһһξ룬ҪҰؾȱҲǲܵ顣
ġԪôôݡѵһ㶼𣿡
ҧźӣҵĴС㣬򵤽̣򵤽ǻ֮һڻĵҲһЩ˽⣬ǿûԪһ˰
֮ʱԶһƿ֮һǿߺȻǰӶ
Ȼţ˷ɳɳĽŲһʮһٸȻϰ˰Χ˹飬һӽԪڵһССطΧˮйͨ
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֮ܵڣɫһΪоһҷ·㳲ˣ
㾹ȻɱҶˮ
һͬͻ˻˹Ȼڵһ£һӰ£ǰһһ۵ߣһ˫ĿϣɱڣҪʬһ㣡
ȻһһӰ˳žװƤֳַìɢɭȻ⣬Ȼϰ֮ڣ
侲ͬҹѵҲòɫһ䡣
ǧУұȡƭҡܣˮҲǸ
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ס֣
˭֪ʱһȴ˹һƷҲͻȻϮǧУ˲䵲סһƣõǧжɵú˼
ȻеԪվ
ʲôˣ
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Һҵ飬޹ء뿪ɡ
ǧгɱҪһ֪˵ǿʱƽϡһ˿ʵӣʵڲܹ¶ˡ
˼ˮġû޹𣿡
ԪһЦ
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俴ԪԪҲڿǱĿ⣬һƣõҼ˲䲪Ȼŭ
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ǧȭͷյÿ죬һ̣µĽǶת֮ȻȻһԪ˹
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ʲô
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Ī֮ɫѹǰԪһֱߣԭʵȻĿ£
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һҲ̫˰ɣ
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仰˶ٴһĿ׷ԪϡղſԪֻһưһƾȻͣͽҼɵˣ
Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
ǲĻ³ͺһ
ԪĲҺҵˣֻúʱҲ˹
ԪĻһ˵꣬һ˲䣬ϰæת·ӡеıȣܳԵ˵ϣϱ˺ݺݲȵ˰ҽ֮
һҵϰȫʧӰˡԪﾪ㵵þòɢȥ
Ԫʵʵ̫ǿˡ
ԪһУ·һ㶼⡣Ϊܿ˵ϣ־·ʲôҧҧԪԱ¡
ԪʵǿܹҵĻôĵӭжˡ
磬Ҫͻ¾ҪͻûôŶ֪һֵҩͻкܴİҪŶ
һ˵˹֪ԪĮֱԪȥԼܡһ˵ܹĿġ
ҩ
ĻԪüһ̧ƺʲôûпڡ
ǻĹ֮һҲΨһһ֮ͨļ塣Ĵ񵤣һǺڵĸһ˲֮ﵽ¾硣ĪŶڻ֮УҲǶһ޶Ĵڡ
ԪȤŵ˵ĻԪȴôҲûзӦ
˵¾硣ǲƾ硣Ҳеҩæﵽ˵ɶ˵Ǵɽķһأ
ⲻ˵ţҪòԪȤԪһǵӣɵ˼ֱ

һ֣õԪҲһɵ۾ǷͬСɣɲŽ磬ССǧ֮һôӵ涫


300 
ĵȼΪʥһڵǧС磬ֻҲƷƷƷࡣǲ䵽½֮ġ
ΪϽ絽½磬Ҫ٣һ٣˵ǷҲɢ
һڵȻڣԪ˺֮ġԪ顣
ǳһзʥڵһַǷ֮ĴڣſԶȹ٣Ͻ½硣ԪԪҲǽıӣûлɢ
ԣءҾΪõһһԾΪġƵĴ񵤺ͲƵɵ֮еһ֣ҪǷһö̥ǣطˡ
ԪȤæüɫȻԪֻĶȤ
񵤣
Ƶ
Ԫɫءֵҩ磬ҲϽ˵ͻͽ浤ҩֻЩҩɵһֻ֡ơ
ѵ绹Ĵ
ԪܿҡҡͷһҪĴĻƳ˴񵤺ͲƵҵǿߺͲǿ߻޾ҲѾǻĵһˡ
Ԫš
ɵءһһšƵֻһšҪͻ¾Ļõһöòˡ׼ͻƣòࡣ
ŵƺԪȤһ
ĿƲƵĻȷʵȤвƵ϶Լµĵӷáôֵأ
Ԫûôƭ
ðɡʵġ
룬ȫԪ
ԭҲ塣ֻʮǰͻȻõһӴ˱ƸֵҩŲ̶ʱ䣬Ҽʹڵ˴Ǻڡʮ꣬ƴ񵤣ʱ嶼ڷ˼岻ǿʵҲǿֻһصΪԼﵽ¾硣
ʮԭ׷һһ뿪ˡֻʣһˡǻ첻ˣʮһ죬Ȼ˴񵤣һ죬ô񵤺ͻƵ¾磡һʱ֮䣬ͳΪһ񻰣
ҲΪˣҲ֪˿ʼעˡѾµǿߣûа취һԪ󡣱Χõ˸޷
ʮʱ䣬ȫȫƲƵʮ˲Ƶڷ²Ƶ֮ڣͳΪһǿߣ
ҲһӳΪ˻֮һ
Щ鶼˵ģȴҴһ¡
ӵƴ񵤺ͲƵ浤ҩԭӦ÷ҡֱϣΪĵһŶԡֻǺþĴӷӰȴ֮ģȻʥɱ죬һӣһˣ
ʧȥ˲˲㡣һĹ¶˸šһŭ֮£и֡ϳұ
Ҹеһλ
ҸĹȴˡЫĳһ֮£ȻҸװ¶֣һаצ״ˣÿ궼ҪҵĵҩңһЩ嶼ΪҵĿūֻΪ飬ѰҪβıݡ
˵˵ţЩҴǿʢٵ㣬ǧΪ֤ҲŸֳ޷ʹࡣ
ҽףҲΪǱݰɡ
Ԫɫȴ˵ɷµģƺĴڡĴڵĻôԪ˵ȷʵһʺϲϢ
Ȼ˵ԪһһҲͻƵƾ硣Ҫһصʱ䡣ӵĻԪתĹƲƵ׾ٵ顣
˲ƵԪһ죬ֱ̤벻ƾ硣þһʱĵȴˡ
ԪһӶˡ
Ԫ϶ʱ۾ʶӿ˳ȥһȻڵ磬һ𾪵ϢԵʵ˽̫٣Ȼش鶼֪
ҪЩʱ֪ĻѾͻƲƾˡ
ԪʶӿΧ֮ĴһĻʶĸӦһԲõġ
ףһǧףһǧףǧס
Ԫ߾ȫʶĬĬšͻȻ䣬һɫĹԳǰǿÿ¡Ȼһ
Ԫʶջأ˶𾪵ˡղʶһŰȻķһڡȻںԶԶĵطǿԪȴǿԸܵõġ
Ԫһվһݵģ˼Īķ֡ҪڣһԼ飬ǿԴɵʱͻƲƾ磬׾ٵ飡
Ԫܿ侲
ͬѰķʶģΧǴŽ磬ֽǿĪǲǿҲ޷ͻơ
ԪҪֱڵ졣ôĻ»ңؼңЩѾˡΪ޷ԻҺؼңңЩûнע֮ϣȻԴӼ󣬿Ҳܹӳұֻıӻȥܽ׳
ҲΪԭұ𽥾ͳΪһڻĵСɡ


301 
Ȼ˵֮ôΪʲô岻أ
ԪѯԪȷʵǶ˼뷨ˡϾʵ̫ǿˣõһĻټϣʹڵľͻƵƾһ֮ڵʱ䡣Ҫһµʱ䡣
ȴɴȻҲôöԸġ
ұڱһұڣзҵϵѪ֮һᱻǲǿߣͨˡЩûһ˸Ҵҵע⡣
ҧҧ
ΪĴڣ͹ҡϾҼҾֻʣ˵ӡټһЩŶЩŶʵѡһ
ֻ˵ڣͨˡҵӣһӾͳΪ˸еĸ֡
ǲǿߣұҲ·һұһС֮ڣҵ˾޵еĴڣ
֮ˣұһвɰ죬ҿܼȥġ
ԭˡ
Ԫ˵ͷ
ȷʵǿһ粼赲˵ĵ·ڣ
ӵеȷʵһ
ֻһ󷨽Ҳɼڹ֮Ҳһġһѵõı
Щ˼壬ȴǿԽ֮еġҪҲɰݣԽҩһЩҩ
ͽӰӴΨбݲܹұڱݺҪ
ǴĵҩֻҪõó㹻ıҲԽнġ
ŵΪԪԴ񵤸Ȥصһ¡ԪĿȴ֮ϡ
һǿӶΪУԪӻˡ
ô磬һѰұݰɡļ롣һԵõݣһöҲûпܡ
ſؿԪ
Ҳԡڡ졣æԼ飬ȥ㡣
Ԫƽص
ҴôãҪһɲ׵顣ٻңΪ۲ڡңҪӳ顣ӦһߣƵŻá
áҳҲһʱˡȻ硣ұҡڶһ⡣
Ԫ˱֣ת뿪ˡҵĴС㣬һ˽жôãҲôȥˡµǡ
뿪Ԫɫأ˼Ƭ̡
Ȼ˵һõﵽǿߵʱ̡Ƕ˵ȴǱġûһ֮ڣҲԵõǿߡ
ôڻͻ˵
Ԫ۾ЩʱյĸټϻӶЩԴõԪһ˿
һ˿򣬺һȴųԼǰֻǴǰƮɢһЩʼ޷ſڵ硣
ԪţͻҲЩ顣

˺ܿ³ľ롣ݴõϢԪӦǱ½һ߲Ŷԡ
ֻãã½֮ҪѰԪһ׵顣½һЩ׾ͻᴥ˲òС¡
ܿһϢ˹
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Ȼᵽһ˿ϢܹɽĻ¾ģˣûмԪӻҵõΪڿЩ֮ʱıʹɽ˽ѡ
ôɽһҪȥġ
һżɽ˹ȥһżɽϹȥһʶӿŰѰԪϢ
˰ʱ䣬˲˼ɽᵽһ˿ϤϢɫ˲ΪƺԪڡ
ԪȻӵˡߡӻŴӳȥҾͲ㻹ܴӳȥ
͵ؼӿٶȣԪڵĵط˹ȥ
ԭĸСʱ·̣˾ȻһСʱ͸ϵˡӰһ٣Ӱվ϶¿ȥֻãã֮Уһ˴ϣ˫ۣƺţ˲ǱˣȻԪ
̤ЬٴԪҵˣ
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ʱԭŵԪҲ۾о֣Ҳվϵ⻪תȻʥĸоתؿˡ
˫оⱩ䣬һֽȻͬĸоȻͻأ
ߣأԪٶ˹Ŀ࿴ٹ꣬һǿˣϧ񻰣վҪսᣡ
ӥԪһһӾͷԪͻءֻǾԪͻҲ޲
¾Ͳƾ֮䣬ǼʮشɽԽԼԪֻ·һ
οԼͻ۲һд󣬵ԼбһǲƾǿҲס˵ԪһССأ
ǿ߶Ŀ⽻ӣɱ˲Ҳһɱ


302 
Ԫͻ¾֮ʶ֪ǿ֪˹ˡ
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䣡
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Ԫɫһ䣬Ҫ˦ԾԪţ
Ԫҧֺ˼
ʮ׼һ˰ԵĹƣҲ׼ˡ
ԪԭԶ裬˲ˡֻǲԪ֮ϣûмԪҲû϶衣
ϾһƷϡޱȣҪһзԵˣҲһ޴ʧܹɱˣȻҲǵõһ
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ЦԪ߹һţһȭͷ
ʱЦţ⣬ͺһܵƦһԪȴȷĿԸо˵ĶؼƶΪ֮ˣر˫ȭĦ֮ʱͷڰһ㡣
һ˲䣬ɫ
ԪɫһκһǿߵսһҪȫԸСΪԸоõ˵ʵȻ۲
һУһоͿԸɵ㣡
ͻȻԪղŴԪһƺѾ͸ԪʵĻҲ˹
𣿡
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ԪŵʱͻȻˡ
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춯أ
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ܵһȭЯ޾ķâȻϣǵһȭ֮ϣ
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˺Ԫһ˼顣һȭģû뵽ԪȻܹ£
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һ˿࣬ȴδزֲֻҪԼ治ܵܹȭһǾ㹻ѹסˣ
Ԫ̧ͷӸӼȻղһ֣ȴûӰ˿ʿ෴ģʤ֮ĸˣ
أҲҪⲻǿߣΪǲȭӵеǲƣӵеľǾ漣ˣ
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ڵھӿתŹ⻪ıߣһ˿˿Х֮ǿṥڷ۶ɣһƿ±֮ǰһǿٱ


303 һȭVSȭ
ȭ裬ȭ˫
ŭһͻȻһȭԪ˹һȭȭӰ˲ڰշѳΪԪл
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ͬһŴ֯飬ԪְΧȥȭӰȭӰ֮䣬ŰɱƷУҲҪѳΪ촷ۣ
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Ԫһȫû뵽˾Ȼ֪ôࡣ
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Ԫɫһ䣬Ҫѳȥ֮ԪáԽԽǿ
ת֮ÿס
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ΪԪ̫ˡأȻܹԼҪﵽ˲ƾ磬¾ϻټ죬ǿ߹ҲɱһԪ
ڲɱԪԺ;ûκεĻˣ


304 ƽ
һȷʵԪһʼӴѾ֪õˡԭ裬ɽ̵ԪûտʼᣬҲᡣ
ڵ磬ԭǼϡ֮رƷѵáҪһӱɵˣ͵ƷһοܹסǿߣǿߣԪ˵һö
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ԪסֽŶãֻƾԼŪˡﾫѰ˼ôɱԪŹʹ졣˵ڵԪȻԼһ
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Ԫһʱɱ͵һóΪһߣβӰΪף㳦Ϊβͬһһ˺Хȥ
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һʵȻǾ춯أ֮޿赲
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ȴǴЦ
Ԫò˵ĽȷʵҲɱң㲻ҪˣһǿߣƣҪɱһǿߵѶսʤһǿߵİٱ
һ󡣻ĹǴûгֹһ沢һҲûдһǿɱһǿߵ
ǾΪÿһǿ߶ӵвƽ磡ⲻƽ֮ǿػǿߵƣˣ
Դʱ˿̣ԪϾǵ⡣Ԫɱô˾ֻܹԪˣ
ԪҲ΢΢㵡Σһβȭһɱ󡣵ȻˣȴûܹնɱֻΪǲƾǿߣӵвƽ磡
ⲻƽ磬Աƣû˺ֺ
ԪҪɱˣƺѾΪһܵ顣ϾֻصʵƺƲⲻƽ磡


305 һ
ɱһֳȻƲ˵Ĳƽ磬⵹ԪЩ⡣
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Ҫǲ˾ԪΪʱ˿̣Ѿ˲ݵĵز
ϵЦԽһϵĻҳ
Ԫһֵ𾴵Ķֱ֡˻ңû۹ǽһĵ顣ڻ֮УѾӶԴɡ
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֪вʡɱңֻΪɱѵ㻹ģʲôУеĻ㾡ʹɡվһֻҪҵĲƽ磡
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ˣΪԪƲⲻƽ𣿡
Ԫɫһ͵һҧͷһĨѪӿ˳
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ȻһӣͨһͷԵ˵ϣ
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ոշȫһԪҲһգһ˵ϣȻղһлһԪȴһЦ⡣
Щɱ󣬹Ȼû˷ѡһֲ˹Ȼ˵Ĳƽ磡
ԪһһץץסЩʲ鲻ԸҪߡԪŲ
ԪһѽӽԼƷУⴢס
ȽռΪ˵ϾҲһѵõƷޱȣ


306 
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˵ϣɫҰף¶ڲšƺԾɲűԪˣﻹڷ૲ʵ
ܣܡ
˵ǲƾʵԪǻһ֮󣬾Ȼû͸Ԫһһ㳦˵üģ
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ʱ˿̿ȥԪԵ÷ߴ飬·ԼеһУѾƿԪһ㡣
ȫƿԪһ֮С˲ɵôһսôҲû뵽һιɱԪȻһ
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㲻һתˡ죬ȴˡҪɱ׾١ѾͨݺϽȡϵֻҪʬڳõУôڵˣ
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ת硣磬ǧСеһԭΪ첻Լû뵽ʲôȻϵ졣
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޴Σһ˲Ԫ֮ڵǿ߼ΧɱԼҪ¡
ô˰ɡֻҪ񸴻õ˴УԪˣԻҶĺ⣬һıҸң
ЦŵһɹѪӿ˳˵ʱѪ¡ɲ
СһҪֹ죡
챳ԼӰҲԼҲһת³Լ٣ԲŹԼһ뷽跨ɱԼ飡
Ͻ½֮䣬ȻĸҡٺبϽ½֮䣬ԽԲðΣմϽ½磬Ϊпܾͻ
Ψһİ취ͨ⻪֮ĳϵҲһ
ֹ񸴻
ԪͷԪ˼תһ˾ϡ
ˡһȫʬĻᣬ㽫۽е˵ץסңá
Ԫһ̧ϡȻȥһ󿩿Ĺ˹

͵طһҽУԴٸ
룡뽫۽йһɱˣȻ˻ʬô룡
һۿԪıԪڵʵ̫ˣһɱ󣬿ɱˣȻҲɱ˻ۡʵ˲˸оֲ¡Ԫͼ
һԪ汳
ǺáҾһһϵ⣬㳢ζ
Ԫɫһһ㳦Х£˵Ҷն˹ȥ
㳦ޱȣһ£˲ͽ˵ҶиѪ˳

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Ԫ롣ҾԲԸġҾԲὫͷɣ
˴
˵Ҳǲǿߣ˼͡ԪҪЩֶƷǼѵ顣
ã
Ԫ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷʱֹͣ˶˵ĥ
ûʲôһܵġԻ
ԪһһԻ͵˵ϡһҧҪֿѾˣʵڲɡôԪĶ֡ԪһӳȥԻ˵ϣ
˵ǲǿߣԪԻӳȥ޷ƿˡ˴ڰ֮Уʹ
˸֪ԪҪʲôֻڷֵԪ֡
Ԫʱûһڷɳһϸ롣ȻԪ˵һֻҽţ
㣬ʲôԪ
˲֪ԪҪʲô̲סֻԪȴûֻǽһ˽ֺͷָ׺ֺͷ˽ȥ
ȻԪһѳˣһʯͷǰ
ؽĽֺͷʯͷϡ
Ԫ
ʲô
һԼֺͷһ롣Ҫһʯͷ߹ȥһֱֺ߽ͷ⣬ʹ
ɫһɷ
Ԫӣ
˴һսû뵽Ԫֶô̡
ȥ
Ԫȴˣһŭȴ˹һǳ⣬õ˻һԪԻԪǿľûзءɱˣԪʧ˻ܱ⣬ĶȫԪšȻһԸ⣬ȴҲֻԼҽ̧


307 
Žֺͷһ룬˻һսһëȻĸо
һǧһԸ⣬ǴʱԪţȴò̧˽ţһžȥ
ǴʯͷϣһһֱӶ˽ȥһֿµľʹ˲䴫˹

̧ͷһޱȵĲҽУȻ˶һ
ʮֺģʹ֪׺˵ϣʹҽɱһ㡣
ԪֻĬȻƽؿ˲ԼĻԪֻܹĥĥ˹ԹԼĻΪֹǿȻԼͣǲеһʹࡣ
һȵƽһ֮ԪִӴͷȡһССܷͬСĴָһСɢűĺ⡣
Ԫģ˱һëȻ
ղѾԪͷһʶԪĿ¡ԪʲôĻµĸоһ亹Ϲܿ콫˶ʪˡ
еԼôôӲˡҪǸղԪһ󷨵Ĵɱ֮£ԼһˣǸжá
һһţﾡǿ־顣


˻ҷڣҷڣϣǻΨһûбԪƻĵط
ʱڻǰŵǻķĹֺһɸо
ݳԵ֮ˡ˵ΨһܹɱԪˡһš
ǻԪ֮ĶԹԭ𡣶ȻӦսᡣӦɱԪҲֻ㣡
壬壬ѾԪڻҾֻʣˡһҪȻˮ֮С
սȭͷ
ԭΪ군ˣĻȴһϣҪܹԻԵ֮ʣ»ٶȶɽ𶼲ʲô顣
ҪǻɽٷΪһ˵ĻôԼҲܹմ⡣ųΪһˡ
ܹعٹ⣬۵Ȼޱȡ
ܿ죬㽫Ĺһˮײľͳڻ۵ǰ貵Ĺ⻪תš
ˮڣòûô仯գܹһЩĿκͷˮף¶˴Ȱ顣ȻһһץֱӽĹײͽ˴ڡ
ȻתŰҵķ˹ȥ
ֻǻûбӳԶֻȴ
ۺٶֻǲûСֻüͷΪ˴ġ
ι
۽ͨ˵绰
ʲô
绰Ļɫһӱˡ
˵ȻԪҵԼȥá
Ԫֻлնɱ
绰ﴫԪ̺ʹõûԵĿСԪ˼ҹľɱԪû뵽Ԫ˸סˡҳôԴҲò˵ˣȴԪˡ˹ȻһЩºʵġ
ԪԼһҪɱ˲С
УҪǰȥɽСԪҪȥȡƣҶԪֻһۣʸȡĹ
ۼŭԪķ˹ȥղڵ绰ͷѾλϢ˻ֻۡҪֱӹȥСɲϣԪսᣬ۵

ɽԪؿˡ˻ѪطֻԪֶʵ̫ˣһһĿ̣õ˶޷ܡ
ѪһĵģԪԪ㳦ϣȻһ˺˰һԵ˵ϣһڶϵˣϾȻ¶ظĽѣ
ԪɫԽ
һǱźܴľģҪ⻪ۣһˡڲɱˣȡϵĻʵĿǰԪ˵Ծɱƿء
ֻҪȡϵ֮ˣԪͿԴڵɽٷ֮ʱ
ոˣԪԪˡʱ۾ʼ߿ڷɽҲˢһ£ߵ⻪ûڡݷ
ӽɽǲǿҲҪʱ䣬⼸ʱ䣬ԪÿԺúõϢ
۵ʵӦú൱Ȼɱ֮еĻһܹ˵Ĳƽ磬Ը⻪Ȼûġ
ԪӴץһݣȻԼ׽֮󣬺ܿһɹ㷭ӿԪӶȥԪÿһ缡ǣԪõ˻ָ

ҡ컹ĬĬšһ¹ش󣬿ǹϵĹδˡɱԪĻĹպֻԪƿء
쵱ȻҪԪȥֻ⸴֮£ȴҲͬСɡ컹ûмһ˿ġȻϽ˵ּ⣬ô϶ĵֻҪհˡ
ΪԵ֮ˣܹϽ˴ݵЩɻһԴ졣ҲĪĺô
ٶԪǲǿߣҲнľʱΪûԵ޷ɣֻܹſǻȴϣ
ֻҪӻһЩԵմһЩڼϽ˵İôԼҪҲûпܡ
ɣͿӵи޷Ԫջнľ춯ġһΣζḨңϽ˵ɱԪȻĳ֮·


308 
һ죬Ԫĵָʵڶ죬ԪʼˡϾһƷҪһ׵顣
Ԫ׼ļȻͽӴͷȡ˳
Ӵȡ֮ʹҪԪѳȥȻǲıԪˡ
С
ͻȻһԪ˹Ԫһץ˹ȥסˡ
ȻԪץһѷ֮ϡ
˻
һʹ֮ôҲѲˡȻԪץһһȥ
һһˣһ˵һ
ԪĿھתһһŵķʼɢ貵Ĺ󣬽Ȼ˵䲻ģԪɾȻ»ָ˳γĹ
ʱԪָݺҧƣһѪ͵֮ϡƬ֮Ԫ֮䣬Ͳһ˿صϵ
һ˿صϵԪ֮Ԫһͷ˳ȥһӲסԶһ
ɱ
Ԫɱ䡣һ˲䣬͵һһɱһ˲ѳΪ촷ۣ׷

һصԪһƷ˵ľ
Ȼ˵޷ɱǿߣǿߣһЩǿߣҪɱɵġ

ԪһʱһһӾ˽ȥʧˣ
ƣ
Ԫ˰˰Զһʯͷ´֮ʱڴʯͷһһӽʯͷסˣԪһ͵һšǴʯͷ˲ѳΪƬ
Ԫ¶顣ǲûж轫Եһǵ飡ȻһƷҪ˿ڸ
Ԫ˴к󣬱۾˵ϣ
ӦúܿͻỹһսҪսԪ뱣־ԵľС

۷ӹʱ䣬˼ɽƵҴԺưܵһУһĻһĻ˻۵ǰ
Ԫֻд̹ǵĺޡ޲һһڳԪ⣬ԪѪ˾ȻԪһ顣
۷ţɲԪ˵ſԪǰʹģءԪȻҺͻԣڣ
ˢ
һϣ巴ͬʸһԪڵķ˹ȥܿͿһӰһյϡһۣɷǣȻˣ
֣
۴һɱ˹ȥھԶŲһסˡΪ˻¾ȻѪģ
۸оɫʱ˵ʬԵ˵ϣ¶Ԫһ˫ĿؿŻۣ
Ԫ
ɫ䡣ôҲû뵽ԪȻĻţһ˫Ŀϴȴ˷·Ѿ˺ü죡ɫ԰ף彩Ӳޱȣ
һǿ߾ȻˣһԪ
һĻû۸޷źͳܣ
㣬ɱˣ
ۻЩ˼ѯ
ȻΪ˭
Ԫʼ硣Ӹӱ
ڽ⻪۶նԼѻԼɥȪʹ࣬ԪᣬһӶǡ⻪ۣҲΪԼĸۣ
ѪծҪѪ


ȭͷһսû뵽ԼȻԪĹƣԪôɱһǿߣ
һ˫ĿԪϴ·ҪԪ͸һ㡣Ƭ̺ȻԪȻͻأ
ܡͻأҲɱˣ˿ǲǿߣ㻹ʲô֣ͨ죿ҳ
æܿղһһҪϹɱԪûüúôΧڷԼԪĹ֮æΧܹɱǿߵģֻвǿߡ
һԪһССأ϶ܹȻΪйżҵ˰æΧɨһȦȴҲûпͨӰΧҲûκιż˵ټ
۵ĿٴԪϡԪеģӸо˼顣Ԫһǧһţ
ǲǿߣ֪¾ͲǿߵĲడĲ˵һƽ磬͸ѰܹͻƵġ
ȻԪʲôĻƣҲһҪԪɱˣԲԪӳȥ
ߣԪжٰ֣һһҪɱ㡣ΪһҵʧۣҲָߣһΣһҪһһ⣡
Ƭ̺󣬻ɫ۹żҵûеһһҪɱԪɱһٵҵˣ
ŭʱһնֳ޾Ĺ⻪ͷâ
վǶնԪˣһϢڣնҲһɱԪ
ԪɫҲȻղɱˣǲ⻪Ҳһնɱ
ԪڵɱҲӿȻǱ۵ɱŭ޷סɱʼ
߿ڷɽХõʼ궯Ԫס˿ӣʱ׼߿ڷɽųһɱ󣬺ݺݸһѵ


309 ּն
ն
Ƭ̺󣬻һնڳˡ׺գХɲ֮䣬ķâǿ
һֺɱ·˺ռʱ䣬һն£¶Ϊ֮ɫ
һҲǿԵԪ
ʱԪҲץ׼ʱһŴɱ󲼳һֳϺХ˳ȥ
Ȼӭ˻۵ıɱն
ĸֹУԪͻ۶û֡һֶǱɱľΪ̼䣬ľԼ
䣡
ԪӰնյһ촫˹նסƬ̣ɷâĺӭϣ
һ˲䣬նһ£ȻƣԭǿޱȵնȴڷɽĹƶЩֵסˣ
ȻںХȻնȥת˲֮䣬ͽնпΣâѳƣ
ʲô
ɫһ䡣նϢϢأնģû뵽ûԪȻͱնɱɾˣ
նķâױնɱ֮һ㳦Ʋ乥ƣһŻۺХ˹ƶϣҪȡ˻۵Ĺˣ
ã
һ㳦޿赲ҲǾһæһת˹ȥ
㳦ƻ䣬ڰлһԲˢĻصԪǰ
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·ڵȴԪʱٶȺһ㣡
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Ϊɱʵ̫ˣ
ХЯŵɱͷâõرɫܣõûһǿ߶Щ
նľаȻҲֵסն⣬ҲòκεʽԸԪˣΪҵԴ棬ԪȫӶȥˣ
ƽ磡
һɲǣ۴һһƽתˣɫĽ罫У˶ûһܹ˺ˣ
ⲻƽļӳ֣۲԰һЩ
Ԫʵ̫ˣǰãԼ°ܽԼǱӴܰڣȻҡһ䣬ӵµʵõ֮ľ淢˳׵ı任
嶼ڲԭҪɱԪû뵽ھȻƶתˣ
ԪâʤŻ۾ͺһһ
նѾԼˣ⻪ۻʲôеֵסԼɱ
ۣĩգʬҽ
Ԫ͵ǰ̤һһһɽȻŻۿѹ˹ȥ֮ǿ£ͬ£õûѹ֪˶ٱֲĪ
Ҳҧ˫Ŀ졣
룡Ԫ˵ûܹɱֻﻪֻҪ񸴻ֻ·һõʬ
۽ץСǰЩĻˡԪȷʵתʵǿޱȡֻ˲ܹɱ
ԼӻӵԵ֮ˣҲǿɱԪ֮ˣ
һ˲֮䣬ۺʲôһ֮ǰԪ˵ʲôõԪ֪顣ֻ֪лɱ
ԪһԼϵȻȡʬ壬׻
Ѿ촦ˣҪϼѡҪٱԪÿֲֶλǾϽҲΪ
ԻζҪİȫԲܹûʬԪУ
ϧѾˣɱ󣡡
Ԫɫһ˫оʱ߿ڷɽȻɱһ𣬻۳һǿâޱȵĽ
һ۶ɺ۳ɱͬһ׺磬ȻХ˳ȥ
һâȻϣ˻ۣǰһй˵Ĳƽ磬һΣԸ⻪Ҳͬˣ
ӻ˼ıԪǰѾע˻۵ܡԪѾɱһˣɱһۣ
ʲô
һ۶ɺǿâֱǾ춯أ̼ɱõضɫˣ
һǿĹƣ۵ɫҲΪ֮һ䡣͵ҧأӿӳһƽ֮ϣ
۵Ļʵӳһƽ֮ϺһⲻƽʾļͰԵȻݺݽ۱У
ԪǲƾǿߣҪɱң룡ҵĲƽԶƲˣ
۴Ԫ
вƽӳ֣ͲŵֵסԪһơû뵽ǣһĽº󣬸յһⲻƽ˲ѿ
ʲô
ɫһӲҰϵı˲佩Ӳ
Ҫ֪ǲƽ簡ǲǿĽϡѰ˸޷˺ֺġǴʱȴԪһƸˣ
һ˲䣬Ԫһ֮ķâõûۻֱ䳹ǵĸо˶ὩӲһ㣡
ɪɪÿһ缡ÿһǶڶţ
۶оԼѪҺˣݺỪĹô꣬¿ֲʽ


310 
ԪԼɱžԵģǰһͽ˵ĲƽƵˡڶ⻪ȻҲͬ
һһϣķâԪҲᱻ嵽οǻۣ
ֻǰԭڵĻѾɫӲˣ񱻶һһ㣡
ǰһƽʼ֮ȣȣѷ컹ڲš
̣
ԪųһʱǹӰԵ˹ȥһ˲䣬ǲƽٴηһѣľ޷赲

ƺҲʶԼĲƽѾػסˡŭһȻ͵شһץ
͵һץʹǰһץ˹ȥ
ʲôɱʵ̫ˣѾĲƽ̴ˣҪ⽣ת˲֮˶Ҫһغˣ
һȻץ˹ȥҪֵ⽣Ĺƣ
ԪɱٶȷХһû˻۵ţֱѣ

۷һ˻ץסһڽֱ⽣иöҪѿˣһɹѪӿ˳ٶ
ţ
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ĲƽѾѿһ϶ֵס
ƣ
Ԫһʱڻסһڹ͵ѿһɢ˿γĽ
Щ񱬷̳ܿͽ⻪۵˲иǧ飬ͬˮһ׷ѪŹͷĩ

һӻ۷ޱȵĲҽ͵սԼֵΪԿԿһɹѪҺ󴦷ӿ
ʹٶŤ
߿ڷɽˢһֻصԪǰƯţгһƣ߿ڷɽĽ⣬һει̵Ѫǻģ
ԪŻɫĹǿûмλԼһνλԺ˭ҺԼԡ
ֻҪʬ𣬾ҲκεԼʱĹƾԼݺң
ʬ彻
Ԫٶǰ߳һ˳һ߳޾Żۿѹȥһ˲֮䣬ΧԲʮ׵ĵطʼѹƼɽȻѹ£
зһһı֮һ䣬涼ʼϲѿҪһ㣡
룡
˫۳죬ŭһֲ
Ԫ֮Ѿ˲ݵĵزԪǾԲŹԼġơԼˣҲԪóѣ
ߡڿɲ㣡
ɱ󣡡
ԪһߣʱɱȻڰ޾ɱâ̼䣬һƬƬƬѩƮһ⻪۵ɫ÷ѿɪɪĺУоһ˿ĩձΣ
ٲԸԪԵʵҲûеֵΪɱʵ̫ڿˣ
ӡ
ڴʱ˿̣һź¡һɫĹ⻪ԶӶ͸ɽӣԪ˹
Ԫ̧ͷȥֻ·𿴵޾ʱתãһ޴ɫСʶҪߣһɫĹ⻪Χ͵һԪԲʮڵһӱһըһӽʱͿռ䶼ըûˣ
Ԫɴ۾һУȫ֪ʲô顣оԼ嶼һӱã
ǱһƬ񱻱ΧԼΧģȴֲǱ飡
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ǻҲɫһȻû뵽ԪĽս֮УȻͻȻʡʱԶһӰ̤Ƴ
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ʵʵ̫ɲˣ
쾫֮ͨԭһֱڵȴŻ۽ʬǵֵȣȴʼûп۹
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ڻ۱ɱ֮ʱʱ֡Ԫס
ӡҲеһʽܴ󣬵ͬҲҪԪһʹɫ԰ݿ£ޱȣ
˹һ𿴾²ɣߡ֮У¶ϺͰԵȴַ·ƿһС
һǿߣһֺòﶼݳѹϣ
۴ʱ˿̲ף⻪֮УΪʲôôꡣԭǿ֮һ
֮ҲΪǿµһȻԪµתҲӡסˣ
Ű裬һԪѾ׷ӡסˡãôʱ̣ɱʱ
һӻɱ֣Ԫŭɱʢˡ֮ʹʹ࣬ģֻǧٱĻԪԪһʹζ
ļ룬ƷתҲõŭ


311 뿪
ԪȷʵǱӡסˡǱӡסֻԪΧĿԪ
ΧĿɱһԪУã
Ԫû뵽ȻƻļƻԪҧأҪӡѳȥӡǿޱȣôҲ˷ֺ
ԪΣյ顣ΪоӡޱȣҪƷӡɱԼǲܵġΪһƷӡԼͿ뿪
Ԫû뵽ҲнաҾɱ㣡
ŭһնԪﾡɱҪʱɱԪˣ
ס֣
ʱ͵£ץס˻۵ļֹ˻۵Ķʱ۵նҲɢ
ô
ԪӡãɱԪĺʱ벻ͨΪʲô첻Լ֡
ӡֻܳһʱҲ״һӡԪѳȥ
ɫ
ͬҲɱԪΪԪɱٵ˵֡ҪɱԪܡֻзӡɱԪǷӡˣԪͻѡ
ӡԪ۶ɵġҪһӡƽˣٷӡ˵Ҳ޷ܵʹÿһηӡԪľԪ
ѵŹ𣿡
һġںò׽Ԫ׵ױھҪԪһ鲻Ը
ûбİ취ˡֻܷߡ뿪Żʬ塣ȻѹûɱҲһģ
޺޿ԪһۡڷŹԪֻԪһѡԪζҪɱȴڣ
á
ҧҧͬˡ
һԪﱣһΣֻҪ񸴻һԪڣ
ߣ
һҧӶ۽ȥ

ɶ񣡡
ӡӡס壬Ԫһֻܹܹؿͻ뿪
뿪С飬ʬҲˡҪǻõӳ֣ôȴԪĽһ֣֮
Ԫʹţ߿ڷɽҲХ֮ڷӡ
գ
㳦ȷһ֮Ȼ͵˻һ⣬һӡ֮ϡ
յһ
һ촫˹Ԫǰķӡ˲ѿһ飡Ȼһӣࣵ˹Ԫķӡ߽˿
ܿԪһԵ˵ϡͻȥķ򣬺ݺսȭͷ
û뵽һξȻ˸ˣ
ӡʵҲ̫ˣ
Ԫҧء
ĻѾ۴˸նɱˡû뵽û۸˳ȥ
ԪصʵټɱҪɱһǿѾʲôˡ
ȴһֵӡʵ̫ǿˡԪصʵѲˣֻдﵽ˲ƾܹѵ
׷ϻ۵ĻҲһᱻӡס
þʵУﵽƾ磬Ȼɱ˻ۺˣֹ񸴻
һжٲ
ǿΣԪõԪ˲оʱԭԪΪԼһصʱͻƲƾ硣ڿȴȫ
ڻ񸴻֮ǰͻƲƾ硣ԽԽáΪһ񸴻õӳ֣ôӭĿɲʲôǿߣֱһˣʱԪ޷սʤ
ˣˣεȵǿ󡣾ԪҲ޷ֵԪﵽ˲ƾ硣
ҸΪµǣһõļӳ֡ôҪɱĿɲһԪԪҪԪӰһ𡣵ʱԪˣҲתǳ׵ˣԪҪǳ׵ˣҲ;ȲӰˣ
Ԫսȭͷ޴Σסòʵ̵ʱڴﵽƾ硣
Ҫﵽƾ磬ΨǴ˵еģҵĲƵˣ
ҵĲƵܹһ֮ڣ֮ͻƲƾ硣ʱնɱ죬ƻļƻпܣ
ʱ䲻ˣԪѾ˾ϣ

һǱݻһҲΪû̵ԪļƣȻ󻹱ԪһظˡҪİæѳȥ
Ԫ̫ˣصʵȻɱˣ
һ߿šһߵϵϣѪӿ˳ɫѿ
תʵȻǿЩɱġֻǶɽٷпɱ
һ߷ţһߵɫҲЩ԰סΪӡķԪһҲԪˣΪ˻ʬ壬ŲȻһأ
ɽٷֻԵ֮˲ܳ𣿡
۾
ѾǲǿˣֻһͿԶɽٷΪˡһ֮ңȴ졣Ĺô꣬ûһ
ܹΪˣӵ޾Ԫôͼѡ
Ե֮ˡǸȻڵõİһԷɡ

ôǿ𣿡
һҪ֪Ĳˣ촦ûаˡôܸ
ƺʲôһ
ɽĵλ¾൱ڻĹ

ʲô
һ˶סˡû뵽һϵǵľȻɽһɽ֮ĴڣڻѾһһĸˣ쾹Ȼɽһһľ֣


312 
ҵۡӰȺ˵֮ڣһ޴İԺ֮Сͻվš
ۣ㽫ʬȡϡȻ˵һǡ
ת׵λ
á
۵˵ͷһĴʱӴһʬ˳
һʬɳ촦м䡣߹ȥסԴ˲ϡɫ԰ף彩ӲѾûϢǻƵıױĻѾˡ
Ȼ˵󷨵һԣ
һܸܲܲɱԪȫˡ
Ѿ۾⻪תţдʣ֪ʲôھھҲĬĬű仯һ⻪֮ϷӿֳʵĹ⻪
ͼ󷨣ʵ̫ǿˣʶ޷
Ҳ𾪲ѡͬǲǿߣʵԱԼǿࡣȻܹϽ˹ͨһܹġ
ܺáúܶԡԵ֮ˣǶʬ壬նɱԪĵһ
ͻȻ䣬쿪ˡȴһϵģۻģӵ
죿
һɫʱȻû뵽˾ȻԽ壡
˶ꡣֻĵһ׵ԻȻԪնɱ壬껹硣ԹЩԹֻлڣҾͶĻȻ󸴻񡣡
һϵŵĿڣϽ½Ž
ƾ˷Ը
۱ȭͷϽ˰߸ϵĴڡǻۣǰҲһĴڡʱžԵǿߣﾡǳ֮ɫ
ۣ죬˵Ĺ쿴ֻҪǰɱԪʱұضףǷɽ磡
ɽ磿
һ˿ϲ֮ɫ˵òȻɽһܡȻܹɽ磬ΪˡҪǳΪˣǿӵԪҪ֪ЩǿѾõľǷΪ˰һΣȻʵֵĻᣡ
Խ
ڣۣͳ֮⣬ҡκ˽
Ŵ
ǡ
۵˵ͷԥת뿪ˡ
죬Ǿ֮ͨˡҲǰˡԭԪ;ƿݣʮҪ졣ɱԪйպһЯ㡣ΪˣӵԪ顣
ŵ
лˣ
칧Ͽһͷ
áôʹ߶ҽ󷨴͵ϡ
˵Ͱʱһ͵ذ˰֮ϣתת˵Ĺ⻪
ʱ˿̣󷨵תӾ֮ϣһһĹ⻪ͬѩһƮһһ㶼˻ڡ
һһ⻪˻ںŻ塣ԭ԰׽Ӳ壬𽥳ֳ˹
Ͻ֮Уǰòһʱ䣬ܹ񸴻
ǸϽ½磬ٽݴ󽵵͡Ҫɹһʱ䡣
û񳹵ӵϼѡ
ܹɱԪģҲֻлһˡѣ춼Ҫһԡ
֪ԪĿµġԪع磬ôȴĽǿµĸҪֹԪҴԪõǳԽһеķ飡

Ԫһ·ɱֱӸұҪ̵ʱͻƲƾ磬ֻнƲƵԪ˵ʲôҪͨҲܹұԪŲšûôʱҵ
ұǺңΪҺôҲǻĹ塣һǺзġһ·ѯʣžһʱ䣬Ԫұ
ԶԶȥһƬ֮£һլԺͳԪǰɫĹ⻪סõһլԺϡլԺ֮⣬һ޴Ľ磬ڸǡɢɫʡ
ұԪܹԸоһԵϡ


ԪӰһұĴű˹ȥ
վס
ԪһµסԪĸֵɢɭĺ⡣µӵǰһĴźب⻪ת赲ס˵ĵ·
Ԫ°ݼ󣡡
Ԫ˱֡
Ҷ˵Ӳܽұ
µӿۿԪһۣ߸ϴ˹ұǰǲƾǿҲһĴڡΪļӳ֣κεӣǲƾǿ߽룬ҲͨˡڣҵӸκ˷
λͨһ¡Ҫ뵤̡
ԪǰһʶɨҪú󡣿ʶһϣ㱻˳ܹúù۲һ󶼲ܹ
˵һ飬Ҷ˵ӲڡӲݹ飡
µֵֵ֮ϣ󷨹⻪˸ţ۳˿µ˸俴Ԫһ˿һ֮ͨⶼûС
Ԫɫš˼Ƭ̣ת뿪ˡԵʶҲ޷͸ҪӲȾͽҵˡպӶˣ
ڻ뿪ٺúȥ취ұӶ


313 ƽ
Ԫûҷͻڻûõ֮ǰóȻҷͻǲǵġ
ҵɶԪζҪõһҪɶƲƵ浽˻񸴻һһ֣ԪԸҲбһЩ
Ԫһߴһұߡ
һԺ˵Ķ˵ӣӦþЩҶõҩļɡ˵ңļ塣
˵Ҳûдҵȷʵޱȣұм䡣õұһС磬׸˿Ѱ˸޷ðС
ԪһΧұţһѰıҪõɶһǽұ֮СԪȴұĴŶȥֻܹһЩֶΡ
ʱ䲻ˡԪֻܶԼɱˡ
ұĺţԪɫ֮ı֮
Ԫһ߿ڷɽХ˳˸߿֮С߿ڷɽת۳Ĺ
һнҲŽתΪ֮ɫХ̵ܴ֮˶ʧϣǽɢ˵ѵѺۣ
һ
Ԫָһ㣬ɱ۳һХ˹ȥԪҲһ־ɱľлһ
¡
һĽ֮ϣһ£ܿԪ߿ڷɽ˻Ԫǰɫ˲١
ԪɫҲһ䡣΢΢ЩѿǿԪɱҲ޲ߡ
ԭӦôǧС֮еĲŶԡһӦǴϽ׹ġһϽ׹ٵĳʹҲֻʣ˰ʵ
ԸһڰԪɱӦòǺѵ顣ǸղԪɱХ˹ȥȻ󷨵Ƥëû˵
ѵ˵һǼ򵥵ƷƷƷҲһҲԣͨͨϽ䵽½磬Բܱµġ
ԪһԽԪҪõԽˡõԺҲԽ
ұ˹ڣûг˼ԪɱȥȻҲ˲ֺȻҵûа취
ҵҲƷ֪ܲһ
Ԫһ󵨵ͷòİݷãԪԹˡҵĴŶȥ
ɱǿԪҲԹˡɱȴûа취
Ԫֻòò뵽Լ衣ȴ˽ûгͷ˼¶涼ҡ
Ԫֻһ˹ȥҪǿһ¡ݹȥ跴ɪɪ˽һʲƺԪʲôģǱŵˡ
ԪһӲС
ңÿһ嶼ĵ̡ܹô꣬ҲǷ֮
ǰҵ죬Ȼҵĵ̺ʵ֮пҲ̳ĴڡȻ˵ұûвǿߣļӳ֣ȫССұʵۡƶһйκ˶ð
֮ȴҲӲ֮гҲһ޴ı׶ˣڻĹ֮Уļ壬ҲǶһݵİɡ
Ԫ̾˿
ұˡҲܹСֻж˵Ӳܽ롣
Ԫֻȥʲô취ԽҡΪҲǶ˼塣
ԪͷңҲԥתҵķ˹ȥ
ʱ䲻ˡڻǰɶȻͻƲƾ硣ʱԽԽˡ

Ԫһʱ䣬ҡһС֮ϣһҵլǰһ档ԾҶȴЩƣȻһЩ
ԪҲû룬ֱ˽ȥҺҲһҴſڵûšһ߽ȥһ䳡ҵĵӶڷšһ֮˹ЩѰߡڽЩ䡣ЩͲҲС඼ڶʮҡ


һȲ֮УԪ˽ܿ˲˵ע⡣ʱһŰµԪǰ·һȺ˵ͷŶʮ߰˵ͣԪǰ
վס
ȵһĿ⣬ͬһԪ˸žâһǰڵǿߡ
ʲôˣкιɣ
ԪʱҲͬʱԪҪԪ⿴͸һ㡣
ԪҴС
Ԫ˱֡
ʲôԪ
ɫһ䣬Ԫһ
ǡ
Ԫ˿ԼûҴȷʵ˵ҡҲغҵ˴кȥӦòɡ
˼Ҵطˡû
ԪΪҵ˻еʱͻȻĵôһ䡣ԴŲơ
ʲô
ԪüͷҲǰղϳԼôҪˣ
ԪܹԸоǰӶԼĶ⣬Լźӵһμ氡ԪԼֹвĵطﵽԪ£Ȼ̵Ļһ¡
֪ͨһ¡ԪҪ̣Ҿûж⡣
Ԫٶȱ˱֡
˵ﲻҪҵҡӣû
ǰȴͻȻɫһ䣬һȭֱԪ˹


314 
Ԫûϵҵ˾ȻԼ֡һȭԪŴ˹ԷһȭʯͷҲܹ飡һ֣ȻֱʹɱУ
ԪƢٺãҲվŰһֱӾץסӵȭͷԵǿĹƣ˲ޣ
ʲô
ĿҴʦ֣Ҳһλǰڵĸ֡ڵ֮䣬һһĴڡһȭȻ˸ֱӿˣ
ӷ׷ɫһ䡣ĵɫҲ쳣ѿΪԼȭͷԪס֮󣬾Ȼˡһ޴ǯӸǯסһ㣬ôҲѲ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣ݺݴ

ʱıԪסȭͷЩҵĵæһһ
ԪֻһˣĿҵеĴʦ֣ĿҵĵλҵĴʦȴһ˸סˡȻ澡ʧһ顣
Щҵĵӷ׷״
ĸǺʵԪҲ֪ġ˵
ĻǵһջģԪһ仨һһ뵽Ԫദ˼գľͷŭԪˣ;òˬҪԪߡûпһأ
ʱȭͷԪסˣĵȻӲˬˡʱ͵̧ţһֱԪ˹
ҹ£
ĴһһԪȼ˹ȥȻһзĺС
ԪһٶãɲʲôáԪ͵һ˳һľ˹ȥײԪϣͨɳ⣬ײ˵ϣһӵĻң

ԼıӣֶѪ۵ĲҽһתݺݿԪ
ҳӵģŪ
Ĵ
Ū
Ū

еӶŭˣһһŭ˲ͽԪΧסˡ
һˣңҵˣȻֱˣ
ҵһŰΧıж׼ԪԪɫҲ
û뵽ңûм棬ҪһߵĴĵĽడ
ס֣
һȺ˽ԪΧҪΧʱһȴ˹ܿһһ£Ů˹
С㣡
С㣡
һ·Ů˹Щҵæͷһ£أԽǰ͹µθ¥˳ﲨѹȫĸо޵˲ֱӡ
С㣬˲֪ðģȻҰС㣬һҪ˺ȥ
֣ĺЩģæ͵
ɨһۣȴûдֻԪǰҲࡣ
磬ˡɡ
æԪȥԪˣһϲˡ
ҵĴС㣬λͣԪҲûȥƽϣ˵ͷֱŴķ˹ȥ
ĵ˻ЩǿǱֻҧͷ
俴һۣû˵תԪ
ιʦ֣СʲôСôôᣡ
᣿ǰôоС˵ֵֹġƽʱİ
ǰ㿴ǱӰȫƽ߸еĴС㰡
ˡʦ֣ѹҪСӵ鷳ԭСİ

Ԫ뿪֮һӴԺͷҿ˹˶۷׷
ĸһǺ졣͸оСʲôԪЩԾˣղʻա
Сһ˵ŮˣҲĴСһֱĽĶԭû䣬ĳ룬ȡ˷ĵʱ̡˭֪ȴͻȻ·ɱôһԪ
Լôһˡ
˵
ԪıӰﶼҪˡ

ϴεʱӾ࣬һһЦ˵ϢƮƮԵֳʡ
Ԫ˴λϣԸԪ赹ˮ
Բ𰡡磬ûнáԴʦǶᡣƽʱĹòмӣǲġһ⡣
ԴǸ
Ҳġ㻹Ǻ˵˵ôȡݣԼұɡ
Ԫʱţûʱ˷ЩСϡżɽ
Ҳá
ԪĶ档ü˼һ£ȻҪȥұֻЩ˼ʸ񡣶Щ˼Ҳֻеõ˱ݲʸȥұҽн
Ǳȴô׵õġڼĵطҺ˹ǰΪУԾ͹ȥ˭֪ȴ˹ơ
ҪұݵĻֻܹȥѩɽˡ
Ƭ̵
ѩɽ
Ԫüͷһ塣
һʲôط
Ԫѯ
һܿµĵط
˿ڲ裬³һ仰ᵽѩɽɫ˱䡣
һֺԵݣܹѹƵӵĶԡݼѵãֻǼ֮ز
˾ұǾ׳ġƵЩ˼壬ͳ˵Ѱұݵūۡ
˵ľ綾ÿ궼ᷢһΡֻйһöݣܻȡһöҩܱȫԼ
޵ˣŻļȥұݣϧܹõġѰ˲Уѩɽһ;ÿµĵطһ䵽˼ڣ


315 
ѩɽһܿµĵطﳣ⣬һ¶ȶﵽ϶ȡããһƬѩͨ˹ȥ˲ͻᱻ
ߣµĵ£Ҳ֧Ų˶áΪǱĵطûжԸȥ
ѩɽһ֮ڣʱչ䣬¶Ҳϲ١ﵽٶȡʱǶ˼ǰѩɽѰұݵʱ
ԭǲȥѩɽġǳѩɽҲİ취Բòȥԭ׼ˡܻԾһֱϵڡԸһȥ𣿡
һ˫ԪԪʵ֪ģԪæĻҵʤʹǿ˲١
ѩɽޣвٵĶ˼塣Ϊ˱ݣɱ֮Уȴֻǿߣʵ˵Ǽ䱡ҲһֱȴԪһԭڡ
ΪĺҪԪİûԪĻҵõݵĸʼ㡣
ģֻҪһݡʣµĶԸ㣬õȥȡҩ
ҧҧӣʵðȻһ˹æһðյ顣رԪʵǿһ˾Ϳ˵¡
ûбİ취ûԪİæԲܵõݡҲԪˡֻҪһѩݣԪӦûԼġȻǰһܹҵݵڡ
ԡǾ춯ɡϣô
Ԫ
ҲҪȥʲôұȡҩֻҪұѡҪұֻܹҵҪҽױݵʱȥ
ȻЩ飬Ԫ˵
ðڴȥϢɡ
վԪһ᷿˹ȥû뵽ԪôˬӦˣҲƺܿġǰţӰȣԿ̻ͦԲΣ·һš
ʵԪӦȥ׵Ĳ飬İɹҲһԪȴû
İɹκףԪҲȥκףӴ˶˼ˣʱ򣬳׺ҾѣԪôݽӴҡԪúˡ
úЪšҾסڸڣʲôһͺˡ
Ԫ˷Ϣ˵˹Ԫǰδе

Ԫƽ˵ͷȻ˷š
뿪ԪʼһݷԪţԪĬĬЩʵ
ʬѾۺˣʵ񲢲ûпܡ
ֻǴϽ絽½磬죬ҲҪķѲٵʱ䡣Щʱ䣬Ԫȡʱ
Ԫ·˵Ĺ⻪Щ⻪Ԫ˶ԵޱȡĬĬĳŲƾ硣Ȼô̵ʱڣЩʵʣ֮һϣҲϣ

ڶ죬賿ҵ˾װˡӣľѡʮҵӸ棬ȵԪʱһȺʮ߸Ѿˡ
ףôҲҪȥ
Ԫ֣Щҵӷ׷ֹһǰѩɽҵжһЩҵҲûи֮ôڴһ˹
Ͳ֪ˡԭ͸ùȥˡǴСһֱڵˡ
һҵ
ɡΪ˵һǵʱ䣿
ǰΪС˵ʵûǸòݣ
Уôûѵһ˱ô˶

һȺҵӷ׷ȻԪһ˺ܲơԪЩȻȴû˵ʲôֻǾֱ˹ȥһƥߴİԱ߻һƥɫĿǿŵģ
ɡ硣
΢΢һЦһɫװסµΣһӢɷˬĸо

ԪϡȻݵһǰ˳ȥܿԪϣҴ󲿶ҲȥһȺʮ˸ƺƵǰ˹ȥ
ĴһƮƮһƥ޺޵ؿԪеģսȭͷԭеӦԼһǾҵӲŶԣ˭֪һͷȴԪȥˡԪԽʼһ彣彣ޱȣ֮ϣеɫ⻪תšһƷ
ԪˡǽལһҪԪ֪Լ֪ѶˣԪʵźһҲǴǾ硣ǺԪһǣƷ֡һƷǿƾԼķһԴԪｫһԼĿ࿴
һ˸·ٶȺܿ죬Ű˰·̡ûһȺ˵ĻԪ·졣ѩɽֻ֪ԪҲֻӦ˵ٶȡ
ѩɽҲûжԶڼӿٶȺ󣬾һҹİ棬ڵڶ賿ʱ֣ѩɽɽš
һס˵ĵطһƬĺᣬûκεվ˽£ܵɪɪĺ磬˶һս̧ͷȥһΡѩɽǰƣ칬ӣɽѩǣããһƬƣ˼ɾһ
ֻѩɽ˲֪ķ羰ŶôµպɱǰѩɽУʮֻһ


316 ׹
ѩɽˡ
̧ͷɫءһǰѩɽҵӶʮûнɽʮˡΪ׹ľòǰˡһΣˡ
ģ׹ַȥ
ȵ׹ڻԵһڼ֮طãתܵԵϺҪѩɽ׹ǱġһûУ粽У
ǡ
Ǹһ˿Ц⡣Ȼóһӿʼַ׹ˡԼÿ˶õ˵׹ţţԪǰӣ¶һ˿Ц
ϣ治˼ûˡ
ʼ硣˦˦ӣյһƬûһö׹
ʲôҲ׼ʮ˸˵ķôΨģ
ɫһԪˡĻŭ⡣
ģС㡣Ϊѩɽ̹ǡҸÿҵӶ෢һö׹ԵԪûˡ
ʼ硣
㣡
һ䣬̫ˣȻҹȻԼ
Ȼ෢һöǾôҶóһöˡ
ھҪǰѩɽˣʵǲʺʱڧѹԼŭ⡣ԽԽˣһһεƻԼļƻ
ôСС㣬ѩɽ׹ǱõĶҪǸǺԼһҵӸ
ǰС㣬ΪһˣѵҪҵӵ𣿡
Ҳ

ʱһһҵӵ˹׷׷ϣһȻһ·߻ģֻɽţһַ׹ͷѡһȺҵƺܸߣһ˵Ҷ׷׸塣
ǣ
תͷЩҵϡЩҲ̫˰ɣԪԼģһԪȵһٸҵӣЩôֻ֪ҡ
Ҫû׹ܽѩɽΪƬ̺󣬾ͻᱻѪҺֹͣ˺
˰ɡ
ԪͻȻˡ
׹˵ûжô׹Ҳһġǻǿ·
Ԫ˿ɫڴҶ·ôãȻѩɽҪϽһطСѩɽ˹ҪѰҵݿɲʲô׵顣ЩҵӣûȤЩ˼ƽϡ
ֵܹȻ֮ˡֵܵΪССĺʲôû׹Ԫֵһѩɽ
ͻȻûԭҪͷúõһԪû뵽ԪСӾȻͬⲻҪ׹ⲻҪ׹ѩɽǿɾȻϾͽסԪĻ˳ۡ
ԣֵΪһһĸ֣Ը׹ǣһһǣҵ
ǰ

һȺҵӶ׷׸
Ⱥҵӵ˼Ԫô᲻֪ɫѿҵĴС㣬ȴһȺ˶ܲסװԪǰ
磬ʮö׹ŵɡ
ץһ׹ݸԪԪȴûȥӣֱǰȥˡ
·ҵݲ;
Ԫǰ˹ȥ

ΪԪˣ£ֻҧ̾˿ͷݺݵĵһۣæȥѩɽǼ֮أΪٸߣû׹粽УǵȴԪҪʱٽ׹Ԫɡ
ߡʱǿҵҪǿӲʲôʱ򣡡ĿԪıӰһߡ
ǡ˻ǴСע⣬Ǹûꡣĵġ
ǡұ֤һʱͻҪ׹ʱǡٺ١
һȺҵһЦţһҲɽϸ˹ȥ
ѩɽȻһƬ䣬һɽȥ֮һɹɱ֮ʹĿ˲Ͷ˱飡
磬ͺӹ˵ѪҺǣҪɱһ֮£ÿһ쳣ѡ
죬׹
ʱĵæó׹ӽ׹ǻԵ֮󣬾̵ܲ壬Ժ֤ܲڱʧȥʶҪȻţţͻ˲Եڵء
ԪԱߣҪԪ׹ԪȴûܡǿصʵССĺκβ
ȥһƬããѩءµıǱ˲֪꣬׺
ϣв˳һȥ¾ʬˣ
һȺʮˣѵһһɽšһţһ߷׹û׹Ļ޵ĵ£˲ͻᱻɱ
һηö׹һɹתȻۿԪԭΪԪᶳòС߼ҪԼԪȴһûһšɫĺǾ
Ҫ֪ǴǰڵǿߣѩɽҲԵֵ塣ԪȻܹ׹ôáʵ
ߡҺС㣬ĲŲӦءûԪһݡ֪Ѷˡ򣬶ѩɽĺݡ
ҧҧȥѩɽ֮˶ʼĬˡϾѩɽ֮УҪֵһһϮĺⶼǼķġǻҪѰұݣûжʱ;˵졣
ֻǶԪǵﵹԽԽˡûп˽ȥѩɽ׹׹Ϻġѵô


317 Ѫ
һ˼ǰУʱûзֱݵ䡣
̫ˣ⻹ѩɽ죬Ҫʱ򣬿Ƿ׹Ҳûã
Ļţһߣһߵѡ˽Ϊůʱ⺮Գܡ
ǰԽĵطԽпݡ֣ôǸԪʲôҲûһ
һЩҵĿҲԪϡǵҵˣԪĵһ죬Ͷҵĵ֣ЩҵӵȻˬˡԭҪԪû뵽ѩɽɽ˶òеʱԪȴʲô鶼ûһ
ˣǿˣҪٲҪ׹Ҳã
ҧ
쿴Сȥι׹ˣȻԣ̫ˣһûпС˭ιأ
һҵӵ
̫ˣСӲ֪ʲôʧ˴Сġһĵ
һҧгݵģƽﻹ侲ģֻУЩʧȥǡҵһɵҲôĻ
ǣʦ֡ԪҸоȷʵʵӣϴκһд㣡
һҵӵ
㶮ʲôϴҹģһΣߺߣ
彣з֣ͲŻԪ
һ˼ɽȥһţҲһѰűݡֻ⺮ĵطҪѰһɲס
һ˼ѵšڹ˰ʱ䣬ɽɽѾ߲·ˡ
Ϣһ°ɡ
Ҷˣתʱ˶˿æΧһȡůóʳ
Ԫ˿ǰɽ壬üͷ磬ȻôĵطǳֻɽѾˣɽ¸ӿ¡
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Щ䣬ҵӳܲסǶԪ˵ȴʲôҪץʱ䣬ӷС
ֶҵһһôһտܶ˭ҲôСʹ׹Ͼֻô࣬ҪǶˣԺ·ߡ
ܿҾͼһ𣬽˴˵ĺȡůϢ
ʱһһȥ˶û˵ĵطʱʱ̶̿ҪϺţҲҪķѼ
۾ҪСһ¡

Ϣ˰ʱͻȻһҽȺзԵ÷̶һ͵վ׷׻ͷһֻһҵӵʬ屻һͷѪɫѽ˱ѩԴһӱҧȵѪͷ­ӿ˳һӽѪɫıӣ
һֻѪɫޣû˱ѩһӲˣֻһͷʬѩϣ
Ѫ
һۼҵӴɫ䡣˸˲ɷ׵ĸо
Ȼʱɽ׺Ѫ
Ѫѩɽ֮еһޣײУѪɿ񣬶ݣǱ˱ѩ˸ֲˡѪĶȴּѸ٣綾߳һ֮£ضѪһֿµޣѰ߸Ķ֣
˲ܵһ⣬æ
죬Ҵ񣬰ΧһѪᵥһҪСģ
ȡһɢλεĺ⣬ҲһƷ
ԣѪ߸һȺһ϶һҪӽ䱸
ĴһվȺǰ档һӱΣҲǸɫ࣬ץס˷
Ȼǰڵǿ󣬵ѪҵӻǸź²ѡ

ͻȻ䣬Ⱥһҽһȴ˵룬һСҵӱѪһԾҧԴȻ˱ѩգ۵ĹԴͱҧˣһغ
һȺҵæ˹ȥѪӰȥ٣ǷӦʱѪѾʧˣ
һǰδеĿ־ͺҵӵͷõ岻ͲѪǴ˵ɽһ϶ȫûһġѵ˶עҪѪ
á绹ֻһˡ磬磡
æҪԪķ߹ȥ
ϾԪֻһˣѪϲŵһ֡ԪΣո
Ҫ뿪ң
ȴһӱĵ˸סˡԪȻΣգײҵˣҲˡҵĴС㣬¡
쿴Ԫˡ
˿־֮ʱԶԪӰ֣һ˹ͷһĹӣͻȻ˼һֱȺкХ˹
ĹӣХƿ֮Яƣ˸޷ס
ʲôҪɱǣ
һĻĶʱæ㿪ȥ
Ҳɫһ䣬ûзӦΪ벻ͨԪΪʲôͻȻǶ֣
ȺɢһĹѩȥ
ɶԪʱ̲æҲˣȻѪһԸǣ
ĺݺսȭͷƺҪìͷ׼Ԫˡ
վˡСҲп۵ʱҪСĶԸһЩҵҲ׷׽䱸ؿ߹Ԫ
վм䣬ҧһʱ֮ҲЩˡ벻ͨԪղΪʲôҪǶ֡
쿴Ѫ
ʱһҵӴΪǷ֣ԪȥĵطȻѪӿѪӿ󣬺ܿ˱飡
һӽȻһֻѪʬ壡ɵɫ䣡ԪȻӰ֮⣬һֻѪղŵĶǳҵӣǳһֻѪģ


318 Ѫ
һͷѪȻɱˣڵӸɴ۾˵
رԭվѪΧļӣȻҪԪɱѪľǼˣ˿ԪɫǱˡ
磬һȺѪͷڱѩ˷ʤô찡
ͷһѪҲЩţæ˳ղԪһɱһͷѪȷԼһδԪһȷ顣
ǰԪǰΧһɡһ˵ױѪϮ
ʱһҵӵԪղɱһͷѪԪĺøжʱ
ߡŽһʲôѪж٣Ǿɱ٣
ͷԪȥˣ΢΢Щˬ߷ߵ仰ûжӦͣΪЩӵ̬ת䡣
ԪûȥЩҵӣֻؿΧһƬѩء
ѪƱɱ˵ʱԪܹоѪĴڡѪһԪ޷֪ˡɼѪһּƻޣóѰֶθֲ
Ѫ׺ޱȣƺѪ֮һҲһ
Ǳ뽫ЩѪȻɱǿԿǷһѪһΪն뿪Ⱥ
Ԫɫص
ǰԶʱ򣬻ܹоȺѪĻһ߹һȺѪһˡȻȺѪסˣ˰һһҲܷӳѪĽƻ
һȺѪû뿪˰һ鷳ΪѪʱض͵ϮӴҵн
ģˣҪǷѪЩѪģʱԶԸ
ĴԪʲô⣬Ȼ˳ȥնⲻҵӵ淴
һȺҵҲǰզͷ۷׷סԪҲ˵նⲻȥ
ҧź촽ͷһѪûôӦѾӡǾһ𣬻֪ᷢʲô顣ԪΨһԶԸѪˣһֻĻȥΪһ뿪Ԫֻ·һΣѡԪ
˭ȥնأ
˶ͷ˭֪һ뿪뿪ԪܾͻΣաҪ˵ѪˣǼֱû෴ģһ׷׶£ԪΧΪоֻԪܹǡ
áնա
˵꣬󡣹Ѫӿ˳ԪҲżᶨԪԱ
С㣬ˣС㣬
ĵһӷȻû뵽ôԼնȫ
ǶҺúôԭر𶯣վԪܱߣԪĻ׼
俴ĵһۣһȺҵĵʵ̫ˣԺȥһҪúýѵһ١ڲѵʱǰ˹ȥıܣһĵ涼·
һ㷭ӿѪ׷ȥٶȿþһ
Ԫ춯ְ
ҵӴΪǿһͷѪ׷ȥ
Ԫûжֻڵϼһһľ仺һͷһ
һͷѪ찡ͷԣͷѪŴС׷ȥˣ죬춯ְСΣˣ
һҵӼǵĴС㣬ǿɲϣ£
ǰڿţͷѪѾӱð˳Ѫһ׷ȥٶȿ˿ѪѪͺƷ˷һرʵѪҺ
ҵһһɫ䡣ĸҧгݣ޲ȥҲ֪Լȥ޼£ΪҲɱһͷѪǵĿⶼ׷Ԫϡ֪УѾԪ֮ģҲΨһܹԸѪ
ԪɫĬһͷѪ˾׵ĵطҲûж˼ͻȻ䣬Ԫ۾һǰ
˻
ֻǰ漸ԶһͷѪ˻ͻȻǰѩ˳˹ȥ׺צӣѪĴڣһھҪͷ­ժ
ûϵǰһͷѪͻȻľһʧɫæסֻǰ汼գϵѪǰԼѪͻȻ֣⧲϶ˣĩٵĸо
ڴʱһɱȻһѪͷϣ۵һ£һѪһĲҽ쳹һͷѪһӱ˱ϣɴ۾ﾡǲʵɫԹŭĿԪķ
ˢ
ˢ
ˢ
ĸľХȥֱĸͬķ˹ȥһΧ
Ӧֻҽ쳹׷ͷѪһӱ˱ѩ
Ȼǰһľ£˱£ĲҽҲŴ˹һӱѪӿ˳
ľͷѪȻһȫˣ
𾪣
˶סˡΧһһѪǵʬ壬㵵˵һߵΣգٺϢþƽһס˺ӣȴ𾪡Ǹʵɽ壬ҲǸӿҪǺɫװƿ
λӸǸĿɿڴǰв˷ԪѪյļƲߣڣһͷͷѪǲԪ
ԭС˵ûдһ벻ԪԪĻѾȫˡ
ЦǣǾȻǰԪģҲ¶֮ɫ


319 Ǹ
̶̵Ƭ֮䣬ͷ½ƻѪȫˡڵƺڸղŵ޷ѹ
ʱǲԪԪɱЩѪô˾ͻǡ
Ǵǰһ·ȴһֱԪЩѡ뵽֣ЩҵӸ¶֮ɫرǹԪ֮ԪǰӾǡ
磬̫ˡлл㡣
Ԫǰһŵ𺳺͸лҲǵһѪȫ֪ôҿԪĻһûҵݾҪȫˡ
㴦ưɡ
ԪһЩ˳üҲǺ¸ҡղôҵӶǰһŮȴԸԼն⵹ԪĿ࿴һЩҵӲ֪ǿ١ѹǰȥҽ׵ʱֻһȥΪҲ֪Щҵӹȥֻᵢ顣

˵ͷԪǰͺһŮһ
Ԫ˿ΧĿЩҵ֮ʱЩҵӷ׷׵ͷҺԪֱӣϴ䵽ʱҲתͷȥ
ʵЩҵӵԪҲ˽⡣ǶҵˣȻЩų⡣رԼǵһ棬ʹҵ棬ǺԼԸҲ֮顣
ԪʲôСˣЩƽϡֻԪɨһȦȴɻ
ǰ˵һȺѪͷһȺġǸղֻɱͷһͷˡĪһȺѪֻͷɣһͷѪ
ԪʶΧɨһ£ҲûзһͷѪļ
Ϣˡ뿪ɡϵɽǺ÷ͷѰұݡ
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˿ںæ
ϵѪɾϵ׹óɡ
Ԫ˿˵ˡû߶Զ·һˣѩɽա
δΣ࣬ʱȣԴֻ˵ʬˡ
ʹСġ
ʱȺҵæƬ֮䣬˶Ԫ̬ȶһԵĸơ
磬׹͸㡣
һӴѹ׹Ԫ
á
Ԫ׹Ҫ׹űҲáԺ·̻׹ŵȴʱ֮衣
Ԫǰ·ҵںšһ·ϴҶûô˵֮УԪԸо˶̬ȶࡣ
ģҲʱʱԪ֪ʲô
ʼոЦ⡣ȿʼʱ򣬿ԼȺʦʦֺԪԸﻹǵĵòС
ȺҵĵȻģǶԴ̬һ򶼲õġҵȺ˺Ԫ
û뵽Ԫôб¡ô̵ʱڣһӾԼš
ģԪ˵ǰ档֮УȺҵӵѾѹģһȺе쵼ˡ˶
ʱʱĻҵĵһЩ׹͸Ԫǰ̰Ԫһ׹ʱڶԪĹ׹˹ҪֲԪĹϵ
Ԫʼգɫƽûʲô顣Ⱥ˱໥õĹϵǲںôԼӣѺãûйϵԪֻҪԼҪɾͿˡ
־ʱİ棬ɽɽ
ΪѩɽһƬ⣬ԸֲͺҹôãҲѾҹʱˡ
ŴϢ׼ԱڣٹһҪȥѰұˡ֮Դô˹ҲΪѰұݡһ˵ޣôˣô˫۾Ѱұݵĸʾͻࡣ
Ԫһ˶һطɫƽǶšƺҪԪһ޵ĵطҵӷ׷˿ŰԪǰʶɨһΧûʲôݡܻҪȥԶĵطѰɡ
ѰݣȻһ򵥵顣ԪҪ㹻ĲСȻ˵ڵʱ˭ҪȡԪ֪żֻţûаô
ڽվŵģҧԥһ£Ԫ˹ҵ˶ʼƫԪһߣҪԪŸɵĻܿͻᱻڼʶԪֶκ󣬿˶һʶǾҪѩɽȥֻܹԪùϵȻҲһʶ
硣
ѵıĳ֡Ȼ⻰ǱŤҲò˵ʱ˿̣˫һ׹һˣרΪ
Ŷ
Ԫ۾վĵϡĵı׹һӾʲôġ
ǰҲԣխ硣ϣ粻ҪһЩ׹лľ֮ϣ磬㲻Ҫ⡣
Ľҧһ׹ȥ
û뵽ĻԪǸõ˶һҪ֪ĿеһλƽĸģûһķˡھȻԪǸ
һӣĵǸ˱ǰˣҲһ顣ĿⶼԪϡԪǰ˵ĴȣӦòܺΪѰɡ
ɾڴʱԪͻȻһ˿ɱȻһһԵĹƣֱĴ˹ȥ
ǿɱɱķâѩɽıѩҪ̹ǣһɱõѪҺ䶳


320 ¼ҵ
Ԫһֹȥõ˶һر׵ģɫһӰˣ
ǱɱĹƣһ˲֮䣬׹ߣΪԪҪɱԼ
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ȻһͷѪ
ɫһ䡣û뵽ԪղһǳһͷѪȥġʲôҪԸġ
ͨ
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ѪһȺͷɽֻɱͷû뵽ͷȻβ浽ʵ̫ƻˣ
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ȫŵˡ˰ŷӦղſֻһ֮Ԫˡ
Ԫȴ
κͽٺĺĻ£þòܷӦҪԪлʱԪѾȥһ򣬾
ģ㽫Ѫʬɾ˷ֳϢʱ֮ɽ֮Ѱݡ
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ǡС㡣
ʱҵæͷ
һɽɽɽƤˡܹɽѰҵǾòˡ
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˿ǰӶ͵ģ·ֱɽһ֮£ɽģ֪ɽӺͿ¡
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ԪǶҵ̬ת䣬û˿⡣ͻƲƾ磬˵һȺ֮ﲻһĴڡôģŲȥء
ĲҪ׹𣿡
Ԫǰ˹Ԫѩɽ֮󣬾ûзùһö׹ȴǻȻ£֡
Ϊӡ֮Уǿߣѩɽû׹Ҳ޷ôðѵԪǲǿߣ
ҡҡͷ⻪ĹĲǿ֮٣ԪԲǵġ
жòҵݡ
Ԫۡӹıݵ顣
ڻʮˡɽֿѰңܿͿԽɽһЩݵĵطѰ顣ɽӵбݵĻһҵġɽûУǾֻȥɽˡɽգͨӸȥˡʱֻȥˡ
ᡣ֪ԪʵԼԪǰһָͷֲһҵжܹԪһʵ׬ˡԪϹϾԪ
Ǿ͸ϽѰҰɡҪϢˡ
Ԫվʱ˵ҵ˸Ϊȡ
á˶վĴһˣҺԴһˣֱǰߺϱѰݡ

ܿҵȺɢ˷׷Ԫ˹ȲվĺԱߡ
ȻҶ֪ѩɽֻԪܱǵİȫǲԼͬѡ˸Ԫ
һ˶ûУ΢΢ЩΡ
ѩɽ֡Сһ˵Աȥɡ
Ԫ
ǡ
ԪˣȴһȺ;ȵķֺˡһЩʵ΢ĶԪԡ
Ԫһۣܿ͸ԳԼķ˹ȥ
ԪԱ˽٣ûмֻܹҵĵӡѩ֮УûʲôҪҵһݵҲʲô顣
һ˱㿪ʼչ˺ƺƵĵ̺ʽѰ
ܿСʱȥˡ˻ʧ֮ɫȻûҵݡ
ԭݵĵطѾҹˣȴûпӰеȴѾ˸ˡ
ҪɽѰݵĸ΢΢
һ˵ǰΪ׹Ѿʣˡһ׹ù⣬Ԫ⣬ҵ˶ֻܱ
˼һ飬Щ׹ֻ֧Ųһһҹˡһһҹ׹ֻܹ֧ŴҴѩɽȥѡѵһιעҪ޹
ʧ䣬һҵϡ϶ƣĬһѰݿϣˡûҵĻǲܴҵõҩˡҲ᳹군
һһƬ˵ܵ䡣ĬԪһԣǾšһμȻˣһҪĿġûҵİһˣҲҪϸϸѰҡȻѵʱܶһЩֻҵݲ˿ұĴšĿǰΨһϣڡ
ʱţȻѩɽһƬѩֲҹǴҶ֪Ӧҹٵʱˡ
ˡ
ʱԶڵһҵͻȻڼžɽһ仰һ˶վ׷ɽ¿˹ȥȴɽ£һȺɫ۵ĵӱΪһݵߣȴǼݣԭʮ׸ߵĵطһͷʾ˲֣
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ۼ⣬ϳˣɵôһһ˶䱸ɫأٴСû뵽ûҵݣ˳¼ҵˣ


321 һƮѪ
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ڳ¾µıѩͻȻһ϶һɫĹ⻪ͬһ㣬ӳ¾֮䴩͸˹ȥ

һǰδеķâֱӸƿˣõ¾ɫ͵ش䣬ٶŤ
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һĻ˶ɫ䡣¾һصǿ߸ְ˭˺ǿ˿һȺУҲκθֵĴڰ
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¾ɴ˲ʵ۾ÿǰһȺҲͬŵ֮ˣһ㵣ȻͨһԵ˵ϣ̶ֻ˲䣬ǰռϷĳ¾һһغˣ
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ʱһڷɽˢĻصȺ֮УԪԪ˵ɽϵѪ»ָ˾⡣
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ʱ¼˵ĿҲ׷Ԫϣž㵺𺳡ô˽ҰΧס˵ĿⶼԪǰɨǸûнԪһ¡û뵽һɽ¶ˮˣȻһһɱǿߵĸ֣ʲôʱһôţƵ
ˣԪǲ˼顣
ͼʶԪֶΣȴû뵽ԪµֵزҲһ㵣
Ҫ֪ԪղһɱĿһ¾ǿ߰Ԫʵһµ
ܣ
ھ޴֮һȺ¼ҵӺŷӦ͵һתͷܣ
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һХһ㳦ųһȺ¼ҵӾ˹ȥ

һǰĳ¼ҵӣԴ˲ѿѪĽ
ţһ촫һԴӱи룡
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˺
һɫĹ⻪ֶȥĳ¼ҵһӱ˺ѳ룡
ҵĵӣΪ׵һһĻĿɿڴһˣһڷɽȻֱӸɵ˳¼ʮˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ


322 ǰɽ
ӵʱ䣬ΧѾһƬʬҰˡһ㳦Ҳǻһ⻪ûԪڡ
Ԫ·˳ٴοҵӵʱһȺҵӻһս
ΪǸоʱ˿̵ԪٲȻһ񡣿ɵո˵
ʵǰ˶оԼͺһ㣬ҲҳһڡԪһǷһ񣬾Ҫǵһ㡣ǾȻ֪ôĵԪ룬Ⱥҵ˾Щ£¡
ȥ׹ȡɡʰʰȻɽҲݣȥɽѰҡ
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ҲǾ˰βŷӦæԪ𺳼ֱһһ
ԭЯ׹ûжˣ¼ҾȻԶˡֱǸҹԹԹ׹ˡ
ȥѰ׹
¼һȺжʮңЯ׹Ҳв٣õЩ׹ֿ㹻ѩɽһʱ䣬иԣʱѰˡ
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ıһ׹һ˷ܵ
̫ˣô׹㹻Ǻú֧һʱˣ
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ֻǸղżЩ¼ҵӵʬʱ򣬷һˡӦӳȥġ
һҵ˳
ˣӲ˶ԶġɼˣһҪɱˡ÷Ӱ֪ˡ
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ԣ¼ұзӰ֧šҪ÷Ӱ֪ɱ˳¾϶Źǵġ
ҲҪҧҧᵽӰɫ˱䡣ȻһӰõ˶о˺¡ұļ죬ɾڷӰһͽֶΣŷɥ
ԪûȥںЩֻǿ
Գ𣿡

˵ͷʵҲûʲô׼ġɽޱȣȥɽζžһΣգҲҪȥһˡ
ģʣµ˼ɽѰҺȥɽ
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磬߰ɡ
ɽ˹ȥԪ
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һҵӿԪıӰǵ
ΪɽӺ䣬һбݣǣʵۻ룬ҲԵֵɽ
ǰ

һȺҵӷ׷

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ɽı㣬ǼӲޱȣϰ֮ãҲ޷˺ֺ
ԪһһǰţһΧѰ
⳹ǵıʱ䶼һ紵ͬһ㣬и˵

һµʱһͻȻԵȥҺԪںһƳΣվס
عͷȥаʮȵı涸£Լǧףͷһȥ϶Ƿˡ
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Ԫû˵ֻĬĬǰš̹ǵĵشҲֶ֪ܹáֻܹܵر˵ҲҪʡ
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ѩɽűݣһ˵ӶֻɽѰңԲȥɽѰġ
ɽ֮ҵݵĸʻǺܴġУԼʱʱ䣬ɽɽɽϣܹһ߾ʬ˱
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һ߸ıɫһ䡣һӣʶǶ˼ҵĸ֣¾ǿߡû뵽Ҳˡ
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Ԫһ䣬ɨ⼸ҵݣǾͲȥˡ⼸һҲûзֱݵ䡣
Ԫһۣ̾˿ּɽȥʼץסԪ֣Ԫڵӿɽ֮УǷ׹Ҳ΢΢ֻнԪܹů⡣ܼŻȥ
ԪɫɽıԪʵڲ磬ôڡ
ϽʱԪӰڵѩҲڼ֮ءҲǺ䵽޷ܵĵزǱϾϽ磬½룬仯Ī⣬ѩĵط֡
ԪܸоѩɽĴЩ졣ʱ˿̣ȴûжʱ˼ȥЩˡȻصǿߣǵ⼫ȵĺҲķٵĹҪ˵һˡʱʱ̿򣬻ûҵҪˡ


323 ˷籩
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ھɽٶ׵ľ룬ͻȻ⺮ĵطӲҲЩ˻ˡе˷ܻΡ
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ݵɫҲѩһƬεģѩõĻ
һƬȴǶ͵ͱ֮ϣԼףͱ·һıɣաȻǰȴܵõ
ͱڱ˲֪ã涼ļӲ⻬ҪȥĿԼΪ㡣һȥܿͻɵ׹ȥ
˵ӿԪ֪Ԫһа취
ԪɫҲޱȡû뵽ôãҵݡһƬݼïʢһ֮࣬ҲǲôѰһˡ

ԪһһХˡһɫĹâ˸߿֮С
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Сģ
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һ޴ı飬ƯܿԪǰһïʢţ嶼ʥİɫӨ͸ˮ̶ɵһɢŹâ
һƬƬҶӣͬѩһ㾫¡ںҡҷţݵ
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Ԫվûжüͷ壬Զڸղ÷ɽиɽʱоɽ嶼·ϸһȻڴԶһƶ


һʵķԽԽˡƺХɽһϯ

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Ҳ˶䣬ԽԽķݶʱʧɫ
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Ԫûбʮ⣬һԶıѩ˲佫û
һͻȻıѩ쳣䣬һ֮˲õԪܱߵ¶Ƚʮֹʱһһӱˣ
Ⱪ绹֮󣬸ǿûվȣһӱⱩˣ
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Ϊ˷ѩϯɽȻѩܵѩķԪæɽ¿񱼶ȥ
ѩȴԽԽԪûܳʮԶһ޴ıȻԪм䣡
һһıѩͬһ㳱ӿԪûУһһƸߣͬ޴ĺ˷³ӿӡɽµķѩ϶ѻԪûϰ׸ߣ


324 ȡ
ʵң¼Щ壬Ҳ˼塣ֻǺΪݣõЩ岻֪˶ˣЩ޾ĶˡģҲ˶ݡ
ݵڣѩɽҲ˶֮ɽƺֻҪݵڴܻᷢһЩˡ
һԪ;һǰδеĶˡ˷籩ɽֱӽԪУ
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⣬ɽС군ˣ
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Ƕ˷籩˷籩˵˻ûлų

һһ˹Ƕ˷籩ǱɽĿɿڴ
ȻԪʵǿ˷籩ǰԵöôС
һһɫ԰סû뵽ѩɽȴȴһûҵݣСԪҲҪȥˡ

޴ɽֱӽԪɽСǰδеĺ䣬õԪʧȥֱ˵壬ͬ飬һ𶳽һ㣡
ĺ䡣
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͸Ĺǵĺ䣬񶳽еͷ뷨˶·ʧȥһеĸоֻ֧Ԫ
Ԫڵʼתһһ㣬ůűľǻѾҪָѡҲ֪˶ãԪԭһƬڻָһЩů⡣ԪץסƣһůҲӿ˹ȥ
һѾһƬǻôһ˿΢Ϣڣûбȥ
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ϺһһϮǶֱָ顣ֻһڱĵԼѣǺ⣬
ԪĬĬغš𽥵ĻָһЩů⣬Ҳ˵Ĺ⻪ԪҪƿ⺮ıɽһɽѹ棬˷ֺ
ڵǱ˲٣ʱʣʵ¶ԭʮ֮һˡ
İ֮£ҵˡ
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Ͼɽʵ̫ˡ
ſ죬ƺҪ˵Ѿˣ˵ҲǼѡ
ȻѵҪƴԪÿһһ㣬ҪԪԪһȥѾܼˣҪǴһ㲻һ˵ġԪȥ
ķӦԪȻ֪Ԫץֲûзſ
ΧĺԽԽˣ֪ǲԪ½ԭоԼԽԽ֧Ųסˡ͸ĺ⣬ԽԽԵֿˡָʵͲ࣬Ҫ˵ֵ̹ǵĺ䣬ʵģȻԽԽ
ɽڣһЩ΢ķ϶к紵ȻһЩ̹ǵĺ䣬ǵϢֻµĺ䣬ȴһһ㣬ʱţȥ
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ԪȴƺʲôԪͻȻĺҪţֻҵ̹Ǻİ취ֻе˺䣬ָʵƿɽȥ뵽İֻһ
Ȼ˵嶼˲٣ſϣԪܹоߡǶĺͦţ⻬ԲȴּӲޱȡ
ԪָȥͺһϣظţȻָͻȻһָ˲ʲô˺ˣ
ſԪ棬Ѿû֪֪ԪʲôֻоԪԼ䶯šȻͻȻ䣬ʲôͦԼ

һﺰֻǳ屾ܵķӦֻû뵽Ԫʱðľ
ʧȥ˸о֪ʹԪʲôȴ
ս֣΢΢Щܡܿɿ֡
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һΣԼԪĻҲĶˣ˵ԼԼѾûκεĸоԪҪʲôͶһжȥɡ
ֻһ߸ԪںĶȴͻȻһЩ΢ĸоοź
Ͼô꣬ȻŮ֮¶ûһΣ徹Ȼȫоζ֮ǰָһЩ֪һָоҲǺõİɡ΢ϣȴҲʵ֡
ԪһһĺϮõԽԽˡ֪ҲԭԽԽԽƣֻоԼҪһ㡣ĶоԼĺˡ
˾˰ɡ˾Ҳó޾ĺˡ


325 
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˫֮ȴǵֿõİ취
ԪſϣޱȵߣҲ䶯š
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⻬ޱȣԾֱĸоԪĸŪʼȵĸо
Ԫ۾ĬĬſھ˫֮һòµһʩչʹ쳣ܣܡ
һڵ𱻵ȼǱļԵֵһеĺ䡣
ԭ˻֮УѾʧȥеʶһ㡣ģȴһŻȼ
һŻԽԽ̣ԽԽܡֻ˵ĸоָоȴղܡ
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ԪĶ֮£һһĳĸоֻҲһŻڷڣϵȼҲԽʢԽԽ¡
ͻȻ䣬ۡȻ֪ԼԪ֮ʲôû뵽Ů֮¾Ȼħһ˲䣬ͻȻоˡ̵ֻҪ

һ˵﷢ӸһץסԪ̧֡ӣԪ
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ԭԼѾһƬʧȥе֪û뵽ȴָůָ˸о
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ѩǧ⣬ǰǿµĶ˷籩ѾʧˡɽعƽһƬããı֮أϧʱ˿̣ȴҲҲԪӰ
ʱһһţһʱʱʮʱȥˡɽǱѩã·ɽ֮ϣѾ֪κʱˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ӳıƿһ϶һɫĹ⻪Хɳһڷɽ
˸߿Уɢ貵Ĺ⻪ȻԪƷ㳦
ˢ
ˢ
ˢ
Ŵطڷɽͬʱ˸߿֮Уһɱ
߿ڷɽڰתţͻȻɱһ𣬴һ޴磬£
ͺһ޴ͷ˱ϣһı裬Ӳɽ𽥱꿪һ󶴣
һХտɽԴ̶
Сʱ߿ڷɽڿһɽ֮Ȼ߿ڷɽߵ⻪һû˶ڡ
ӰӶ˳˶⣬ȻԪ
ֻ˴ʱܣһҲûбѩļرһĳ죬֮ɫԵġץסԪ֣˵Ľ΢΢Ԫϡ˿˿һƬѩأֽٺĸо
߰ɡ
Ԫ˿

ͷĿ˿ɽȻԪĽŲ޷˵ɽӶȥ
ϸĻᷢϢ֮ǰ˽Ȼͬı仯
һ˷ѩû뵽ȴʵ

ɽ֮ϡĵҵѾ˾֮УѾȥôãûпԪ֡ǵȻΪԪǶ˷籩֮С
ϵ׹Ѿ֧ŲǶˣһβûҵݣСҲʧˣĴٹʱûеȵСԪĻôֻܴظˡ
Ȼ˼ҪٵʱǴ󲿷˶ֻ֪ҰοѡûܹӶ˷籩»ųԪʵǿҲС
쿴ʲô
ͻȻһۼҵӿɽϷӶµӰæǾ֮ʱȴӰɽ֮ϺХ¡
ǴС硣
һҵҲǾϲû뵽Ķ˷ѩ֮£ԪȻܹţǶ˷ѩ֮µһδ˰ɣ
̫ˡֻǲ֪ǵõ˱ûС
ҧ
ܿԪ˵ǰһ֮æ˹ȥһĿⲻɵϡΪʱ콿ĵģʵ̫ˡ˵ʶһֲһĸоʵһӵõһ㡣
¿һȺҵӣҲǼϲһȥɽ֮ûʧȥҵˣҲɹõ˱ݡһѩɽ֮ûа׷ѡ


326 ұ
һѩɽõһٶݣһԪԤڵջ
ô꣬ûеõıݡȻǰԼֻһݣʣµȫԪá
Ԫ˵ĿǰҪǽǰңұĴţڱݵķǲΪ⡣
ܿԪ˾ͳǰұˡһ·ԪҲѯ˲ұ顣ԪһǰұҪȡġֻ֮ѣ֮ѩɽй֮޲ԪҪúôӳһ¡Ȼұûвƾǿߣһ㹻ͷˡ
ںһԪ۾ĬĬ˼ƻšұǰȥһΣɭϣѰҪȥ治һ׵顣ұ֮£ҲͨˣһبԪǰ⡣
Ҫǵұʵ󽵵ͣɽܹʹõĻǾΪΪˡ˵ȡȫһ⡣
һ·֮ϣԪǰţƽ£ܿұһ޴Ľػ֮£ұУ⻪˸ֺޱȣٲȻһС磡ֻҪұ˲˸벻С
ұ֮⣬µػǰ赲Ԫˣ
վס
Ԫһµ˳ס˳סԪĵ·
󣬻ͨ˱֡
Ҫݻȡ鵤Ųұء
أ
Ǻµؿ֪ΪʲôһȺµӸԪĸоǱģһһ㣬û˿ĸ顣ѰˣһҲ࿴۲Ŷԡҵӵȴûһ˿¶
ǱݡӻȡһöݡʥݣɢžӨĹһ󣬾һֺɢıݣҵɫһ䡣
ҴСԵƬ̣Ϲȥ֪ܼͨҡ
µӿݳ֣ϹȻתұ˹ȥ
Щұĵӡұĵÿһ˶ι˿ܶƽһֻûеõҩĻôͻʹöҩҵ˵ġͻȻԪԱߵ
ŶԪͷ˼ѹЩҵӣһһޱһԭǱҩݵĿܣڷöҩȻľͱ䡣ⵤҲȷʵǿֲȻһõҩ¡
ȴƬ֮һԼʮһЦ˳ĸݣðž⣬һ߳ˬʵЦʹ˳
ԭҴСˣ
Цӯӯӭ
򲮲˱֡һ߽ұԪҲ˽ȥ
һ̤ұһһ󷨹⻪ԪϣõԪһ˺ǽסһ㡣Ƭ̺ѹֻоԼ˺һѹ·һʧȥеƾ̣һ£ȻԼȫĹȻסˣҪá
⣬ǿ¡ԭΪתأû취û뵽һеʵסˡ
Ԫɫһѿת˺üֹ޷ڵھתͻȻʧȥھļӳ֣ҲȻóΪЩϰߡ·ٲѣԶԶû֮ǰӯ
СֵǵһұɡұЩһνЩϰߡԽ󣬾ͻϰˡ
߹Цһţһź롣
Ԫɫ쳣أˣһ֮ڣʵΪͨˣҵɱˣҲ̫ˣ
ԪŵһԼķǲ㳦裬Ԫ֮£ⷨȫ˽Ͳҳ
ԪɫһģѹǿޱȣȻηѹҶˡھãҲãһԼұĳһˡ
ԪȻɫƽȴǲӿơһҪұӶȥǿ죡ԪҲϸϸұ棬ұ濴ȴǲһġ
ұ濴ȥֻһƬ񷣬о󷨵Ĵڣƣʡ֮
ԪţţȴͻȻоЩϤĵطһʶĸоӭ֮ԼһԪϸȥ룬ȴָ벻벻ĸط
磬ұ˵ʵᱻֻұ˲ӵʵһҪұĹءŭ˵ɱȫһ֮֡ԭʵǿߣұĵ̣ȴȫ˷ˡΪ˵ҩĻûһԸ⵽ұط
ǰһλߣұĵܵѩһ֮֮ϵĴڡһصǿߡ
СغԪ˵šԪ˿ǰһλߣĸݣ⣬һͲǵ֮
ԭұ֮⣬Ԫʵȴǿɽѩɱǵұڣȴȫˡ
ڲͨ˵ʵѩȴһأֱһϣһǴԪַ·ᵽ˴ǰСС΢һߴͻɥȪһ㡣Ԫöδһζˡ
ܿѩԪ˴£Լȥ뵤ˡ


327 
ݻĴ֮УԪŶұݻÿһζϺõĺľһȥĸо˿˿ɢɼҵĲСԪȴЩ֮ڣǾͺǱסצʨϻ
ѩѾһصʵˡôأʵôԪѯҵ˽٣һжҪõϢ鱨һһصĸ֣ڣ޵еĴˡ
ģֻǼ̳֮ѩȻ¾磬ҲͬöҩơȻкܴɣ뿪˵Ҳֻͬ·һұ׶⣬˶ڵĿ֮¡˶òԵĹ
ҧҧⵤһݶŮˡ챻Ӱ֮󣬵ڶ죬ͽ֮ټԻΪҪ챨ѩޣʵȴ¶һ˶жˡĸסԴʱʼ˶ƿС
ԪɫҲû뵽ôݣԼСҲŹҲѹ֣û죬һŮ˴һӣ췴ûеֵֻܹ֮Ϊǿ֮ȫСܹԼˡ׶ҲԾһ˿Ժ
ԪĬĬ֮ʱһ˵ķӭŨʢĵַ·õζһһζסζ֮Ũõ˺Щ˳
ڴʱԪæſ˹ȥֻ˴ӵ֮Уһһ£ӺݻŮ˹θޣһѰסΣһ߳󣬾ĸµϵѣ޳УΣԣһ¶֮˲˵ұĵˣ
ԪȺվʾءⵤǰȴûпһֱۣ˸߸ߵλϣת¡
󣡡ʱæǰȥŵ˱֡
ȻʾԪԪҲ˳ģԵЩСƺܾһ㡣ⵤұɱᣬ˵˵Уû˸ڵǰΡҲͬ
ƢҲ粻һСľͿܴⵤùͷɱڵǰÿһ˶СǰѩҲһ
һ˫ۣؿȻԪϡƺڴʲôԪҲ̧ͷӭ˵Ŀ⡣ȴⵤ󼡷ʤѩɫӺݻ޲ɷƺʮģ
ԪЩʮǰⵤҲ˹ϡ֮꣬ȴᡣת룬ԪѾ˹áΪƸֵҩפഺĵҩӦҲʲô顣ⵤŻɡ
ȷʵԵòѩȴ˲ϣǼƷҩѩʹá˵ĹϵҲòȥԪĥˡһߴž棬һ߰Ʋұ֮ڸ˵Ĺϵұڴʱ䲻̫Ѱһа취ȡС
˵Ѱ˱ݣ
ɨԪ֮󣬲ûжʡ˹߸ϡ
ǡ
ҲҶԣ㽫һöȡȻ˸ʵ˹ȥ
ʥıݣɢžӨĹһƬһƬ꣬ѩһ㣬¾סúƾһ㡣
ḧĦţ·ݺǰȻ󽻸ѩ
ѩùȥúüһıݣǱһö鵤˲ұһ졣
˵վȥ
͵󣡡
æⵤ뿪˶ǹӭͣҲҳһ䡣Ƭ̺󣬵ȵ󳹵뿪ѩԪ˹
С㣬ԪֵܣҸλסȵݵļϣԷŰ鵤ˡѩ˲ͷϵ亹ȻղԵʱҲ˺ܴѹ
ޱȣѵãֻоҵļΪϸıݲſԵõ鵤鵤ȻǸβĵҩ
һֻԪѩɽɽ֮еõģҲԪ᷿˹ȥ
һ·֮ϣҵӰţؼɭϡЩҵӵʵҲߣŲľ硣󷨵ļӳ֮£ȴȻΪұһȺˡҲΪʹұӵһĹҲð
Ϊǲƾǿߣұ֮УҲΪˡʱֻб֮ɱһ³ԪһţҲһѰ˼š뾡ӴҵСֻнӴҵҵƽİ취
ұ˵ĹϵԪҲһұפصˣһˣʵûж١Űҡѩ¾ʵ⣬˶硣
Ȼ˵ұһƬͣ˶Ե󹧹ԪԸܵõֻڵĵҩ֮¶ѡرѩһ¾ǿߣȴҪһ޴Ů˵üһ˶ĸԸҵÿһ˶мԹԳΪһͻƿڡ
ұԺظɭϡƺɶ֮ԺһƬ·ֹ롣


328 ɫ˲
Ԫڵ䷿ֱ䷿ڡȵϤһ·ԪܿͳˡװԺȥ
оԺһǿһȻϤԪϸȥֱ棬ȴôҲֱ治ʲô
ֻܹ뷽跨ؽӽɶûʲô취ԲһɶֻǸһߵԺţµһסԪ
վס
ֳֵָĺµ͵վԪǰĿ˹
λС磬ҶɶѾáܷҹȥһ
ԪЦе
Сֻе͹ܼҲſԽȥУ˿ֻ
µһɾӿֵ֮ڣǸֵ˲ɢĺ⣡
Ԫһڣ֪ҪǿɻȥǲܵˡΪʵܶƴԺжʮػҪ͵͵ȥڵ졣
ԪŹֵؿԺһۡԺԺǽܸߣֻǿԺԪȴϤĸоԽԽǿˡ
ԪüͷϽʱӵвٵѵʱЩҲ׹䵽½ˣ
ԪҡҡͷԼĻܱϲġԪŶٻһ£ɶȴûаķӦĶֻҪٻһ£һԶߵġһжûз
Ԫҧֻʱ˳
ԼȻܽԺ֮УҲ϶Сޱ䣬һģԼһ˵ҪɶϾͻỳԼġȻԼɱˡŮЫĳģʲô鶼ó
Ԫ뵽˹ܼѩ
ѩҵλͣҶԵҲ϶ĴԹܹ£ܼѩܹұԼһѡ
ԪܹұڵʱޣһжҪٲСԪԺѰҪҵǹܼѩ
һ֪ܼѩ֮Ԫѩס˹ȥ
ѩסԪһ᷿֮ڣҲûеӱԪֱš
˭ϣֵܣ
ѩ˷ţſڵԪһȻЦӭ˽ȥ

ѩӭԪ˽ȥԪѩķ䣬΢΢һȴѩڼªޱȣЩҾ߶Ѿưˡ뵤һӺݻͷѩĴԶ׼ѩڵʲôС壬ֻһõ˶ѡ
ݼªһЩϣĪ֣Ī֡
ѩһЦԪ衣ѩȻ¾ǿߣȴ˿û¾ǿߵļӡ⵹ЩԪϡ
Ҳԣһ¾ǿܸڵǰ˲ˮôɡǱǿߣѾˡ
˵ֵĴһȻͬСɡ
ԪҲЦſ
ʲôѩұ˼ʮ꣬ˡﻹ˼ǵҰ
ѩҡҡͷ֮дԹ֮⡣һ¾ǿߣĹҲһĴڡȴССұƾһŮʹ˵ǲܵġ
ǫˡҿ߳ƵĴ塣ֵܿ˾֪Ȼڴˣǽ˭˲֪˭˲
Ԫһ˵ţһߴѩһʼԪͶѩǹעұô꣬Ѿû˿ǿߵİΪԲ˲١
ͺһֻԭӦڲԭ۳ҵʨȴҪҵèСãʮҪĥƽ
ˣֵܣҼǵǰɲҵ˰ɡôڼңѲǿҵС椣
ѩЦ
ҿǶ˼壬Щ߶һ˻ҡΨһõóֵģҲֻһءѩ²ԪǳҵġϾջˮеΪŮɫʲôɵóġ
ȿȡ
ԪɿҲûеͷҲûҡͷʼһСͱݡʵҲҪһķɡ
Ԫѹ
һԪԭºЦѩɫһӽӲסˡ
ɶ
ѩɫһ
ɶҵĸ֣Ҫɶʲôѩ϶ʱ¶˽䱸֮ɫ
ѩķӦԪ֮УԪҲֱӴӴȡһɫĺӣƵѩǰ
֮ˣк֮ġ˵ɽ֮˭˲һ·ɡԪֻǿһûԵ˼ͨڡ
ԪһɫƵѩ
˲ýӴɶұĹءѩǹܼңҲΥһԪǽɫĺӺɫһӱˡҪܾԪĻ˺һ˻ȥ
⣬ǡ
ѩתͷɫӣһݡΪԸоɫһǿ˹
ѩҵĹܼңڸݿĵġɫ֮ڵۻ룬ֱֻƷݲӵУ
û뵽ԪȻóһƷݳɫһӴסˣ

ԪҲϵѩӦһɫ˲Ԫӻһ۵ڵõģһѵõıʱ򣬲ûнɫ˲ηãΪ֪ɫ˲һܹ˷ѵˡ
ڵұȻ֮ء¸ǲǿҲᶯݡ
ұȻڣԵӣǶȻܽЩҩݸѩõġ
Ƕڵ˵һɫ˲ΣҲջΪһɫ˲Σһ١õĶû˻ܾ


329 
һɫ˲Ρǽҵլܹ֮ȥһɶһɫ˲ξˡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦѩղǾɫԪѾ֪ѩɫ˲ζ˼Ҳ϶ܲˡ
ѩ⣬ʮûзù̲˲ˡ˺ӣһƾ⸡ֳһŨҲǷ崺ĸоŨ˶̥ǵĸо
ѩһںֻûˬòˡܿ˺ӣ䱸ؿ˿⡣ƺʲô˴һ㡣ɫ˲һ˵һ㡣
Ԫ²ûдԶҩס˺󣬶µ˹Ƽϸ񡣱˵ϵݣµȵĵҩµȵݣ֮Ҳ׽Ӵ
Ϊѩ˷Щ鵤ʵ˵Ŀơѩ˽ԵõϵݵĸʼΪ㡣ϾֻūѩˣѩʵǶģûԼѩʵȻԼ
ԿԪݹһϵݣѩһĶˡ
Ϊһһصĸ֣û鵤֧֣ʵͣҲ˻Ҫ˵Ԫˡ
ÿշô鵤٣ѩȴֻһѩﲻߺǲܵġѩ֪ķߺ޼£ΪС˵޷ѩֻܹ֡
û뵽ԪȴһϵݡȻһݲͻƲƾ磬Ҳ١˵һѵõı
Ԫ˼ѩô᲻֪ҪѩԪȥһɶѡ
ѩ⣬˼ȴ˸
ԪȥɶǴұĹءҪõ֪ˣ롣
ǲԪȥɶɫ˲ξͲܾΪС
ѩţһѵѡ񣬽ɫ˲ξǰȴԵЩ֡ͻȻ䣬һ˿⡣
ڽԪɱˣȻɫ˲Ρ˲ãҲһȫ顣
Уڴұ֮Сκη紵ݶұ֮СοԪұĿãҪɱѯضһѰɫ˲βزסԼҲᱩ¶
ѩ˼תšǱסұУ뿼ôࡣѾɱԪ˽ɫ˲ΡұڣҪȫɫ˲ΣͲִܽ󣬲ĸ֪ˡ
һȨ֮£ѩЭˡ
ðɡԪҿԴȥɶֻǼһ档ɲҪʲô⡣
ѩЭɫ˲εջ֮¡
ɶһ˵⣬˿ԴԪȥҲҡʲô
á
Ԫ΢΢һЦɫ˲Ѿ㹻ѩˣ飬˵һΣڶΣξͻס
ֵԵȣȥ˲βһ¡
ѩϲɫæת߽ݡȻݱ㴫һضѩ˲βˡԭѩĸ֣Ӧд֮ĶŶԡȴûвڴΪ᲻ʱļ壬ɫ˲β˴ᱻ֡ԵƢ϶Ὣһɫ˲ξΪеġ
ѩغ˲֮󣬱˳Ԫһ߳˷䡣ԺѩԪվһԣԼǰȥǼҵӽ档
֪ѩǼҵ˵ЩʲôǼҵһһת뿪ˡȵЩ뿪ѩ߽ԺһԺڣмȺ˳
æһУ˶֧֮ѩԪ֡Ԫæ˹ȥ
ֵܣҿǷҵĴɣȥġǧСġ򱻵֣ҶԲ˶ߡ
ѩɫŵ
֪
ԪҲԺ˽ȥ

ң͵ɽۣ֮һƹĹ⻪˵֮ڡЩ⻪ϸԶ޷Ǵսȥ֣ᷢЩ⻪Ȼɢʵɫϱ任ɫ
Щ⻪ۣģ¶һ޴İϡһ֮ϣʬɫԽ⻬ֳͨ˵Ĺϵָ
Щɫ⻪ŻĲӻ۹ȥԭԪпͷ­Բ˼ٶȬšһʵĹ⻪˿ڴģЩ˿ڿʼ裬Ȼ䡣
һ˿ı仯ڻϷš
ڻǰɫ쳣ࡣսȭͷݵţޱȣһϹ۶Ѿʪ͸ˡȻ֧ݵתķ
תϵļӳȻûгѡȴܹԵøоһˡΪļӳΧϢҲԽԽۻˡ
֪ڽԪٻһԪ񳹵׹λǻĸ֮ʱ
ò˶ãͻḴʱԪˣ
վ˵۶ˣŰڵ龰սȭͷ¶顣ԪһìܣӻʼҲҪֶɱ
Щ죬ԸоԽԽʢˡһϢϤǻġ֮Ȼǿ¿ֲȻܹ
ȵ񸴻֮ɱԪȻɽٷΪһˡʱ򣬻ҵưʲôɽ磬¿ʼҲĻԻڴ
һ˿˿⡣


330 ǰ
Ԫһ̤Ժ֮УϤϢǿһ˲䣬ֲ˹Ԫ˶סˣǰļһĻĻԪǰʶ
̧ͷֻ֮УһߵĽɫ¯ȻԺ롣
һ¯ɢ̫ŵϢس˿һۣ̲ס¹ĳ嶯ֻǶ¯ѾƲȱˣɫĶ¯ȱһһ飬ƺʲôشֲɣϢζ
Ԫ㶢һ¯˰죬رǿŶ¯϶˵һǡﱻƽһ顣һпڣǱԼ˵ģ
ǡ
Ԫؿһ¯ûзӦ
ߺˣ
ͻȻһۻͳ˹·Ԫըǰһ¯ġ
ʥ
ܵɶĽ䱸ͷŭԪȴûкˣǰ߽һž档
ʵ벻ףʥô䵽
ʥһʥȴƲȫٲȻһ㲻ˡе׷ʲôʣ
ף
ǻֺɶһ֮ȻԪоһʶԼϣ£ϸϸԼ
ӵԼʶġġñꡣɡ
㣬㾹Ԫ𣿡
ɶҲ˾֮̾Ȼû뵽Ԫ
ꡣ˶һ㶡û뵽
Ԫû뵽ԼĶͷʥʱȴû뿪߷ơ
ǵõնɱ֮㲻Ͻҡұ顣㾹Ȼ䵽ֵز
Ԫ˸šһʥȻƲǺԪһһɾ䣬ͬĸо
˵ͻˡ
ʥһ֮̾
Ԫû뵽㾹Ȼת˵С硣뻹Ե֡ұĪǴҵעô
Ƭ̺ʥЦ
ȿȡ
ԪһЦ
ԭȷд⡣ҪһһƲƵշػɽ硣ҲҪõ֮ǿʵֻû뵽һȴʥ޵УҵҪˡ
Ԫ̾˿ѰתݣȰ˵ʥȴǲܡ
Ϊʥ֮ԪеģҲǺս֮УԪ֮λ֤ɾΪһǿߵģ
ʥһŵǧĹʱԪնɱ֮ҪʥԼʥȻԸٵģҲԸ׷ԼһˣΣԪֻ÷ʥû뵽ȴˣһμ棬ԼѾΪһˣʥʵûˣʥȻԼĻˡ
ʥԪž֮ĵġϾɽ绹½磬֮Ѿѵټˡ
޵УѾˡ
ʥͻȻһ̾
ԪԣȴüͷʥĹԪ֪ġѵʱţʥһŵǧҲ
Ԫҹش΢飬̸ɡ
ʥͳࡣԪҲȥ
Ԫ֪ΪҪ㷢ѣҪأ
ʥͻȻѯʵ
̰ͼе飬һĪе˵ʲôҼ䰮ŮʥŮҪѩᡣη𷴻;ĩ·֮ʱȴͻɾ֮ɱˡӦá
Ԫһսĳ֮սһսɱΪɾ˳ݣԪڻǵɽĴ顣
û֮£ȷʵ㷢ѣ㡣ϧҲǱ˹ݡ
ʥ̾˿·˵ʱ龰սնɱԪԭԪƵɽˮΪҪΪʥŮѩ֮ʱԪȴھͻɾ֮طȻնɱʥҲȥһǡڣţ˺ڡֻѾ˷ǡԪǵ߳ƵĽɫˣ
Ŷ
Ԫüͷһ塣ʱõ飬졣ǧﱼɱȻΪΪ顣ûءѵ顣
֮Ůȷʵ˼ʥ֮л֤ݡѩ֮ڣԼȻ϶㡣ֻǺĶз䡣֪һжݺġ
죿
Ԫɫһ죬Աߵһͷ͹ô߹ݺ
ʱǾƷˡԣӦýоƷȮһֱѰųλĻᡣԵ󡣶ʱӵʥԪӵ顣ʵ൱뵽һ߼޻һʯ֮ơܾˣʱ򣬱֮֮ʱͬʱõʥϧ㲻㣬㾹Ȼͻɾƻļƻܴɣ
ʥ̾ϡȻڵʱ֮Թ޺ر˵֮ʱҧгݡ¯ڴˡ
ˡһ죬ʶ֮ˡ
ʥƬ̣ͻȻ
Ŷ
ԪһֱѰ˼˭ǾƷˣɽҲǲСôûӡأɽ֮ˣˣɾ˷־ƷƷҲǼǿĴˡ
죬ƱּѩٱԪõӰ죡
ʥһһҧгݵ
ʲô
Ԫԣɫ˲䣡


331 Ƶ
죬죬ȻͬһˡԪ֮֮˭֪ȴΪԪͻܡ
ּѩȻֱԪõԪӰ
û뵽һоȻģ


Ԫսȭͷﶼ죬ѩ˲ȫɥ죬ԼҲɾ䵽ˣ죬ԼҲӰ
Ӱǲ֪ûиĻᣡ
һжı
껡죡
Ԫҧгݵú֡ٻɽ磬һҪƤѪ
ļıʧ֮ӻħħ߹ѩ֮ΪƭȡΡħԵ˼ϷնɱħˣΪһһĴ󽫣мӣû뵽ĸ֮˱ѰɣԪǹͬĵˣֻɱܸοӢ飡
ʥͻȻ
ûΪ׵ͽһҪС
Ԫҧгݡ
ֻһĿжѣԪȴֻһˣһƷ˶㲻ϡѾɾɾ֮λˣԼڵʵǰ϶㲻ϣҪɱ죡
ѣԪҲҪȥԡҪɱ죬ȻӰȳ
ʥȻ㻹ʲôػʲôңɽ磬Һ޲ɱϽ磬նɱ죡
Ԫŭ˫۳죬ħ
һӰԼǰĻ·ݡԭƽٶȷ
֮ɱ֮ޣһζҪ쳥
ϧҲ뿪ұ
ʥͻȻ̾һ
ʲô
Ԫһ֮϶ѾˣΪʥԸ׷Լ
ʵ꿴㱻챳ѣѩư֮ʱﻹִñĸоҵңЭնɱԪʱһ⡣ǵҷ֮Ůǵ걳֮ʱҾһСּܱթСã׷£ƣɴʹϽǧ磬û뵽䵽˵磡ʥ֮ҲƲİ֧飡
ʱҼ죬޲ҵ塣ӦػҰ꣡ʥһŵǧ𣬼ȻӦػұ꣬;Բ뿪ԣʱ׷㣡
ʥ
ԭлô飬ԪԳĬʥسŵԪ֪ġӦ飬һҪԪҲǿػɽ磬ɱ飬ֻԼһһˡ
ԪȻҲ׷㡣ͬҪ㡣
ʥſڵ
˵һӦ
Ԫˬ
áֻϣǵõ컯Ӱһ
ʥ˵Լ
û⡣õ֮ӰѩȺ֮ˣҲһһԪ޾
Ԫɫһ·ΪӰط꣬ΪءҪ֮ȫԶ֮ࡣ֮ˣԶԶ׹ֻأ޾ʹ࣡
áԪһԾŶʥ㡣öƵԪƣȫ㡣
ʥһɫ޶һ£Ȼöɫĵҩ˳Ư˸߿СһҲɢ쳣財ϵ̫һ㣡
Ƶ
öɫģɢ޾ĵҩԪɫһ䡣û뵽ʥ˴󷽣ȻöƵȫ׸Լ
Ҫ֪ԪһȥѩɽȥұΪ˵õһöƵû뵽⻹ûôʹһӵõö
öɫƵڰƯƬ̣һԪС̵ֹ¶ȣһŨҲɢ˳˵Ϣ˺һڣ͸о
Ԫæ˴ڡ
öƵʱͻƲƾ硣
л⣬Ԫһ
Ԫ˱֡
ԪʵУȻҲԪЯֲ硣ʥжҪԪ𡣶㣡
ʥͻȻһεطԾ𡣶ʱֻɫĶ͵һۣȻȫˣ
𣬲ɣ
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ⶦǶһ֣˵˫˫ţⶦȻ۶㣬ʹ֪
һⶦ£ʥһӶ޷ΪһʥˣǾ޴ʹһ
ֻɫĶ㱻۶޴ʥ˵ϣڽӵ֮·Һ
Ԫֻɲһ㡣һսⶦ̤£ʮɽҲ˲̤Ϊƽأķٺʲˣ
ʥЦŵΪʹĲ
ӵĵķͺһ壬ľ꣬ʶ屻ݲУôܲоʹأ
ԪûȥǶ㣬ֻǿʥΰڲţһɹӶѴӿ
Ͻ䵽½磬ѾΪ˰֮ڣٷϵֻ㣬ͳ׵׳Ϊ˷ˣ
˴ӷɣʥҪʱӷɣʥʮĹΪֻ֮ϣȴ˵پͻˣ
ʥ֮ʧȥһ֣Ҫ»ֱָ찡
ʥΪԪֻﶼšȭͷҲսøһжģһԪһҪۣѩӰ꣬ȫҪֻ


332 
ˣԪôȹһأ
ȴʹһ֮ʥٴοڵ

Ԫüͷһ塣˵ȷʵһܴѹءѵĵʲôȹ١Ե֮ˣƻ壬޾Щ١
ֻһɽ磬ҲֻһƷ˵ʵʱȴֱһɾ
ʵ϶㵽Լ֮ءʱԼһɽ磬ɾ֮ԼնɱûȵԪָʵѾĵ꣡Ԫ˵һ޴սϾɾҲǲһοССһƷˣ
ô졣һΣҲҪ죡
ԪҧҧɽһЩѣֻǲ֪ûбɾЩûĻԶһ¡ֻǾȫɾˡʱɽ磬֮ûСԪ飬һٴγ֣ɽ϶һӿʱ򣬿ɾͲֻһɾҪɱˣʵ̫̫࣡ҲΪŻ⵽찵ģ
һһԪ𡣼ȻˣһЩҿһֵҩ쵤ݽʹãһеϢԪ񣬶ڡʱ쵤ٽɽ磬ڲϢٲȻһɽСȻҲ㣡Ժúûָʵ
ʥŵ
ʲô쵤ϾȻɵ
Ԫһ
ûһƵġƵķҪֲϡ
ʥ
ֲϣڵС磬Ȳϻֺ޾ɽ磬Ҫҵҩϼѡ
ԪҧҧϺõɵҪϺòϡڵһССǧ磬ϺõĲϰ
ѡλҩģһζѾҵǼ֮ˮѩɽӵСѰı֮Ум֮ˮ
ʥ
Ŷ
Ԫһѹѩɽ˱ֲԭΪ̲ؼ֮ˮһԭ򡣼֮ˮǣĶѩɽӵĶѹҲòУ
ôһζҩأ
Ԫѯʵ
һζ֮һλҩģҪӾȡ
ʥ̾˿ڼ֮ˮڶҩģҪȡѶȾʹˡ
죿
Ԫüͷ
мأоء˼䵽ɽжѣϾ졣
ǺبǧСɽ֮ľ޴ϰҪɽ磬͵һһ·졣
鲼٣һһǿޱȣһǲǿҲɥûƻĻ˵죬һ춼Ȳȥ
û뵽ʥҪҵ֮Ȼھ֮С
㷴ҪٵġһʼҪֻ֮ǰھ֮У֮ҵȻҾˡõ쵤ȥҲһ
ʥ
á
Ԫ˵ͷ
ôһоͰжˡǱݣ붦Ϊܡ
ԪһӴڣһƬݷ˳̲֮ؼ֮ˮ쵤ıɶʧ
ʥһţȥ˶¯֮СֻԪҵ֮Ȼ쵤
ԪҲڰ֮еֻɫ㣬ÿһֻ׳ߴ׶ߣɢž˸߿Уһ̫ŵϢ˹
Щɶʥк̲Ų˼ǱȻֻǲƬûʲôھ󣬿ԲܿͿԳΪһʥӵпµɱԪûһӵͿõʥΪԼã
ֻ̲ǱֻһʱơѾ֮ڣϢȫĨɱȵõ֮ʱԽⶦΪԼ֮ʱҲԱһ
ʥŴ˹
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ԪһץֻȫץУȻ˴ڡ
Ȼ˵ֻ㣬ƲûжϾʥֻһЩѡһ޷رԪɽ֮һƷ˵ʵֻԼıԪ
ˡԪ¡ԭΪ˱ұġȻԪˣȻûԪĵ󷨣ƣ
ʥһȡһâԪϣԪֻûһȻӺӯȻֳ
ȻָֻصʵʥȻƽķԪĳΪҲΪ˷Ԫұӷ㡣
Ȼõ˲ƵھҪѰһڳƾ磬Ͳڴ鶦ˡ
Ԫ˱֡
áԪʺǻۿ϶Դ졣
ԪָصʵұǺ޼ˡʥ˱֮תԺ˳ȥ
Ժ֮⣬ѩصšԭԪҵȶЩ֣Ҫȥߴһû뵽Ԫ˳
ֵܣˡǼˡ
ѩżȻҵĹܼңһ֮£֮ϣڵǰ仰˵ϡԿԪǲҲЩˡ±˸ˡ
ԪѾָصʵη塣˵ǵ󣬾ұһϣһָͷҲԶԸڵǲںұĹˡ
˵˵֣ζˡ
ԪЦЦ
ã뿪ɡߣߡ
ԪղųѩЦʱõѩ΢΢һֻоԪǰЩһ
ѩҲûй˵ϸȥֻϽԪ뿪ñ˷֣¶ˡ


333 
ԪصԼķʰһ¶׼ǰȥȻ뿪ұϾԪһұҪһĿľǳŲƵġڲƵѾˣԪҲûҪȥˡ
Ԫķڣ˵һ˼ԪͻȻȥǾΪԪͷһٶûأѵҵЩҩȤ
ԪҪߣҲӡ
ֻԪ˷䡣ֻǻû߳ұĴԺµӾ˹סԪ
С㣬ֵܣǵ롣
µؿԪʱ򣬴ĺµϽŸؽˡٲȻǲԪȥ˼
Ԫüͷ𣬲ұͻȻȡٴʲô˼Ѿָأ˿Ϊ⡣
Ǳݵļ̫ˡ
һϲұţΪ˵õ鵤ڵٻԼˣȻǸ鵤ˡһϲԪȥ
ԪƾţҲ˶ʱ䣬ҲáһұΪȫԪҲЩġ
ѩɽȻ˵Ϊ棬Ԫò˫ޡǵҲĵһΣԪԼҪһССεġ
ұһɭ࣬һһźµվĿɭ䡣ֳֵָɢűĺ⡣Ԫ߽ȥ֮һӺݻĵѾ׵λãɫԱվѩֻɫЩ˸·𲻸ҿԪһ㡣
󡣡
߹ȥ˱֣һ
С㣬ˡܺãıѾˡƷԺܺáҶҲôѩ׼İ鵤ùȥɡ
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ǡ
ѩæһСƿӵݸĻϲ˿ȴ澹Ȼö鵤һŨɢ˳
ôö鵤лл󡣡
Щ͡ԭһöֻܻһö鵤û뵽һӵõöö鵤ôҾʱ䲻ΪݷˡһĵĵվȻ󷽣ϲ顣
ȱлҡö鵤һݵģһҾʮ꣡
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⣬ɣǡҲûеõôݰ
æ͵Ȼ֪ԪʣµıʲôǱϾԪĶҲ۵ǿǿϲ˵ЩԪĶҾͲܶ
㻹ң
ŵĵͻȻվ˫ɱŷһ˲õһս
Ҫ㸸׵ͬڵҵ滨ǾǲҪˡ
һŭһʮµ͵ؽԪΧסһѰѼ⵶ɢŷĺ⣬һõ˵Ĵ
ɣǣݲеġԪġıݣûдõȨ
ҧҧ
֪ĸ˽Ϣй¶˵󣬵Ҫݣ֪Ԫô࣬϶Źˡڣͱɱȫڵƿ֮¡ҪǺ͵ֻ·һ
Ԫ
һ˫Ԫϣһ˫ۣ޾ϣӸ£丩š
Ԫáҵһö鵤еıݣӦǲӦ

ұ˶ڵĿ֮¡ÿһ˵СС˶һŮΨΨŵŵսսһŮҲŰԸ
Լ˵Ԫһ㡣Ͼұʥ֮ⵤԪǲˬ
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һұ˶һ׷׿Ԫ⻹ôһ˸Һ͵˵ءԪǷûмĿֶΰɣ
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ôĵӡΥҵḶʲôۣ֪ˣȥ˺һƤ˿죬ڵ۾

Ļ˶һսؿԪΪ֪˵ĿɲʲôвĻԳС˵һƤ;Բ©һ硣һҪշִ磬ǡôڰƤĹʹˡ

ҪڸԪ飬˭֪ȴԪһסơһɴ˹õɫһ䣬㵵ؿԪû뵽ԪȻָʵ
ҵҪұʲô¡
Ԫ˼֡ҲһӱǿӲ
ĳЩʱԪǺͬһġϾһŮ˴һеĺӲסֲײ̤˵ɡ
ҵЩƵĵӲۣ˵ҡΪ˵Ҫıݣ˼ˣô˶ˡжٴõһݣ֪˶˵ұҪܵ衣һŮʵ̫̫֪ˡŮˣǷĵͣ
ԪǿӲ̬ȣõһսɱĿ⾪ĪԪϣȻ벻ԪȻ˵ǿӲ


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Ӻ˻ܵŭڷšô꣬߸ϣû˸ҷԼһءýǰɽǲӿһǲ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻԼϣ
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ָ͵һָԪĻﴫ˳ʱµŭһ͵Ԫ˹ȻҪڵǰĵӣ
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һµԪǰļ⵶׼Ԫüġ
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ֻѼ⵶һ䵽ԪϣԪһǿ͵˳ȥѼ⵶̾ͱ˳ȥ

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һֱӴݶײɳȥӰˣֻݶһƬƬƬ
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ұҵĵ̣ҾŮΪҺãҪõƵ͸£ȻԹԹ³һƲƵ㡣ȴĽ޾Ķ
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⾪ĪĵǰԪҲЦ
𾴵ĵҪСҵҵСǵȷò㣬ҡ㶮𣿡
Ԫס˵°̧ͣһ˫޾Ŀ־塣ӸղһƺԪԿһŮ˿ʼˡ
˶סˡǻûпһ˸Դ
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ӽ쿪ʼҵĵҩұ밴ʱԺңǴԪݡ֮˭ҪǺΪѣԪǧ֮⣬ҲϹң
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Ԫסֱ֣˳ȥЩ겻ﾡǴ㵡


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ֱԪ뿪˺þãⵤŷӦʱѩ˹ȥæԪ޿֣һ˵ɶ˵СǸⵤǵùϻ̳Ͽ֡
󱻷֮嶼ЩؿԪķԭһֱΪұıӣŮʵֻۣҪұھη塣û뵽һ˵ǰȻʧЧˡ
˿ڿˮ֪ӴԺ޷ˡٶңǰһ̬ȡһ˵ʼӡڵ֪˿϶˵óõġ
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磬̫ˣ
Ԫ߳ұ̲סݺݱסԪǰ͹̵ķνԪϣԪϢˡ
Ԫʼ磬Ҫִŷ˶ͦεļѹóȴ˸Ѳ
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ŶҲáԺڵĻͲ̫ԺҲȥʲôˡҪҪҩĻֱӺȥҲҲĻˡ
סԪ̵ֱ

Ԫղұüģһʱ䶼·ԭ뺷顣ӵˡʵŮˣɰ
Ǹ
ʱԪȴס˽šģΪԼȥϧԼȴ
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֪Ԫ鲻ܸģҧźӣһ˫ӶԪ
ܺʶ죬ҲԼһҲΨһˣԪ˵߾ߣȻЩᡣ
֪ȷӦûɡ
ԪԶѩɽбİ취ǾġȻ˵֮û顣Ԫ֪һӶ顣ϧԪΪ˭ͣԲŮ̫ˣΨһֲֻܹӰһ
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ĬãͻȻǰסԪӷԪϡ
һ߷ഺԻϣõԪ˲ܵ˵ԺҲ̲סѩɽµһĻ
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ӵԪЩϢԪִԲƿ򡣹˺þãŴԪ
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һԹĬĬҪ壬ȴȥˡ
Ԫӿ˲ӣʧ֮С

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ۣ죬ϲҲһҪۣ
Ԫ뿪һӼٶȿ
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ܿ˽ʮҵһƫƧɽԪӰһһɽ֮СȻԪһΧʶӿ˷Բʮĵط֪Χûκ˺
ʱԪӴȡһöƵɫĲƵɢ貵Ĺ⻪һŨɢ˺һڣһ崺ĸо˵
ԪԥһöƵһۻɢѸȫ˹ȥЩȵˢԪÿһ缡ǣת˲֮䣬͸һԵ
Ԫ۾úõʱҲǶתЩתšһĹɣˢ壬ҲǷžž̰šֻҪﵽ˲ƾ磬ɲƽ硣
ⲻƽӳΧӲĵǹ롣ʱûκζܹ˺޵У
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336 
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صƾ磬ᾭһɱ䡣ĸ޵Уһر仯ҲΪ䣡
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һԪ¶񸲸һճҺһ㡣
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ǰõһöƵҩڿʼˣԽԽʢĻ棬ҪԪ嶼ճ˻ҽ
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Ȼϲܹ½ɱԪôͳ׹еġԪصɽ磬ȻһɱԪ飬Ҫռ֪ѶȾͲ֪٣ⲻҪĽ


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Ԫ˼ʮӲС
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ŭһһԪ˹飬Ĺâڰн֯һ磡
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һΣԪȴǿҲûֱһɨ磬̼䣬ͽõɳȥһɫĹӰҲȻŻ˹ȥ
һɫӺɨɫ䣬Ҫ˳ȥû뵽ɫӴǰվĵطһɨȻַ쳤һֱ⻪۵Դϣ
ۣ
⻪ֻԴһ𵴣еͷǶѳ˷顣һѪҲȻ˳ȥͨԵ˵ϣȻǰ淭ȥԶ
Ѫӿڵ϶һĿѪۡ
Ԫץסһɫӣ磬ֻþޱȡ̲޾ܶûзⲻʥġҪһףպΪһʥܣǾ춯أ
ʱ򣬻ɱ⻪Ҫ
Ԫݺһ֮⻪ֻͷĿѣû˶ֻǱܵǰֻץס˵棬һһʹ˳ȥ
ڲţһ˿˿ʹ˹ٶԵ÷ץס˲ݵأǰȥ
һ
һ
ǵٴץסһѲݣǰȥʱһϸĽɫֱӴӻ۵м䴩͸˹ȥ۵˵ϣ

һľʹ˹⻪͵̧ͷҽСȻԪǰӸµĿ
ԪúĶҪµģ
۴춼Ѫ
𣿿ϧµ֮ǰҪú·
Ԫγ˽ɫӣһɫӵǰ˲ϱ任Ȼγһѽ𵶵״ɢŷĺâ˻۵Ĳϣ


340 ƾ
Ľ𵶼˻۲ϣǺ⣬õû˶·׹һ㡣ѾԪûʶңĵϣһ˹´һ飡
ָоԼϾҪԪԴһغһ㡣Ϣ˲εĸо־壬ǻȴ֪ԪԲܷŹԼ

ֻܴЦͷʶ沿ŤţЦԼĿ־塣Ե쳣Ťɲ
ԪɱôͿ츴ˡʱӳһɱ㣡ñҸң
۴š
Ԫֻؿ
Ԫֻȱһµʱһڵ㡣ſģ
۽˻
ϧԪҲµ
Ԫ˹ͻȻеĽɫһĽһ꣬۵ĲӾʹжϿһɹȵѪӿԴ˳ȥּңһ˫۾ʼնɵôģǲʵ飡
Ԫ俴һۡ⻪۲ʲôԵ֮ˣһˣǾǳˣǷ˵ıת쿴˹ȥ
ף
˭֪ԪĿɨ˹ȥǵֻһӡӰѾʧˡǳԼɱ۵ʱߵġ
ûϵһҲաȥɱԪʱǲˡЩ˶Ӳˡ
Ԫ˿һɫӣԵ磬任ǷϲһɫڻһƷԪʵĲע룬ɫӵ᲻ϵñھʱΪһʥӵָտɴ
һɫӣ⣬ػɽ磬һСɴͽˡ
ԪаһɫӣɴСɳɶֱ̣䣬ʵԡ
գ
Ԫһһɫ͵һһγһϸСͷ˿Ԫ֮СȴǽɫġԪҲڴֱӱͷ˿Сȡ׾١
æһкԪٶȱ۾ڵϡƾ磬ֻһɵҲѾԽԽˡھͻƲƾʱˣ
䣬ұ䣡
ԪһͻȻ䣬͵طһƣ¡һͬضŲڶ⣬񲨶
һƣ𣡶ڴƣǾͽ
Ʋ
ƾǴڶƣ
Ԫһɫ⻪˸ڣһ㣬޷¡Щɫ󲻶ĻγһıĤЩĤϼӺ񣬺ܿһƽģ
ƽ磡
Ԫ̤˲ƾ硣һֱ仯֮Ԫֻо·һ֮ı仯ָо嶼ӯȴֲͬڴǰӯָоԼӯͻһ㣡
ǻǽǼ̲ŵһϸһ缡Ǳۻ룬űÿһϸ̲صһǿһ㡣
Ԫĸйۡ
ԪоԼ۾䣬ӣһһۣͷ·Կ׿磬ëëϵ·˵ı飬۽ǵƣ·ǰһ㡣һ䣬Զе˹ַڣһģܹǧзֳһ֣ϸϸš
ҿɽʹ󺣣Ҳɽ˺ӵһУת۶Ʈɢ̡
һ׸
ԪҲͬ쳣ɽĻ㣬㣬ԭѰ˸оϸһȴֱܸܹܵóһֻںη
һı仯һȫµľ硣̤벻ƾ֮ĸй٣·Ѿ˼ޣ
Ȼ֮仯Ļһƽ硣ɫһΣս٣˲γĿ·һƽļ̶̳ȣ֮ڻۺҪǿʮ
Ԫϸϸĸоһеı仯ԵƣһһȻѣ߹ˡ磬ܹΪֵˣ޼
Ԫվɽƽأȴһڴɽۣ֮ͣߴʤĸо
ȻƾĲˡ
գ
ԪͻȻɫһʱ֮£һӯȻ
ָо쳣Ԫ˫֮£ʲôԪһ㡣ַ·ʲôͷ֮ϣԪһ㡣գֻвǿߣӵеգ
ԪԽԽߣԽԽߣĽµĵԽԽԶԽԽԶҲԽԽСܿһɽȫòԪǰʾӴһɽҲԽԽСԽԽСؿˡ
Ԫڲϵĸ߷šվ˸߿Уƾһ縡Լ¡ɽУȺݵأ򲻶ϵ뿪棬ӽ񷣡Ҫȥһ㣡
ȡ
Ԫվ˸߿֮У·۵סһķ紵ѡڸ߿Уϵİƣ졣һеһУԭôңԶȴһӽߡ־ͿԴһ㡣
µĴأͷգһ֮䡣Ԫ̧ͷͷһ񷣬Ǿĵһ죡
֮ϣа죡죬ԷɣΪһˣֻտ£ȴѰԽģ


341 ˵
Ԫ˸߿֮УֻҪ֮У͸죬ɹ٣ͿԷɡ
Ԫûȥʥ˵úܶԡԪģ϶ѾȫԼһԪڷɽ磬ôȴĽķɱ
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һ֮ǰԪҪҪ˵ɱͻ
ԪҪ죬ȹ٣ǾԲŹһԸԼĴûġ
һһ񸴻ԸԼԼɱնϵ֮ϵ
ԪںһץסһɫëȻһ
һëתΪһƬɫҶӣ׳һ׿ƯԪǰԪɫҶӣ
ȥ񣡡
ԪһʱɫҶϱŰķƮ˹ȥԪһƬҶϣ۾ƾӭ紵ۡһƬɫҶӵٶҲԽԽ죬۸޷壡

Ѿ֪ûԪϢˣݹżҵ˼ÿ춼ڴšСɣŷˣѰţԪȴ˼ʧһ㡣ûӰ٣ҲûϢ
Դӽұ֮ǾҲûпԪ
ûԪϢһ顣ٱԪû¡
Сÿ춼ڷţȻ֪һκԪʲôʱ򡣵ǹСţټʱԪʵһᷭ츲ء
Ԫʵ츲ر仯ˣûʲôԹСɷΪԼʵ԰ԪѾܵͻ¾ˣֳ嶯һȴٳûе
ΪԪڻôһ֮󣬻ĹѾǷӿˡټ嶼ڰţҪһζıȡ档ǹżȴ£ûκεĶ
ż֪ڻĹķӿԪ뻪ңؼңһЩڽŽѡܿͻƽϢ
żҵǺԪϵһģǹżҪ飬ԪҪʱȫ֧ԮֻҪԪʤ˾ʤˣԪҪǰˣҲͰˡ
ż˶˺ݣĬĬšŷˣСɣؼ˶û⡣ͨͨԪԪҪĻôͨһзӦ֮ͨûзӦҲ˵ԪʱӦ档
żҴԺҲһƬƽһ죬ȴЩͬѰ
һļӳֿͣ˹żҴԺ⣬Ȼ߳һɫĸߴӡһ˫۾ɫģӥģһֺ󣬾͸һĸоԭȵɴ߳ΧĿһӱü٣ģһ־ĶǵһŮ˶ûô¡һ߳󣬲˾Ҳһ۾޵ˣ
ֿܿϳ֪ܳȺ߳ĸµӣߴĮֻǴɢϢ˸о¡ĸӾȻصĸ֣
һ֣Ϊһɫӳ⣬·ӵſµʵǻĹˣȴ˹żңʲôĿģһ֣õ˲첻ѡ

С۷׷
Ĺ֮䣬ӿıŻĹ֮ɱЩȻΪлɳˣͽ۾ס˻Ĺֻû뵽һֵľȻǹżҡ
ǹżҿһǿ߰Ҳǳصİ
ͻȻӣ˲۷׷סǾֱ߽˹żҴԺһżҪ裬˭֪һһģһһε˵ϣ
һŹżҴԺ˹ȥ
żҴԺڣԭšһȺӹͣ˶תɫࡣ
վסǹżң룡
ؼվ˳Ȼӵ˹ûߵӵǰͻȻһһֱؼ˦˹
ԭֻƽƽһƣؼǺڵʵԭԵֵĲŶԡû뵽ؼȻˣ
ž
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ʲô
һĻɫ䡣ؼһȺ֮УѾʵһˡû뵽ؼʵȻȻԷһж֧ŲסԷʵʵ̫ˣ
ش磡
һؼ˹ȥһתӵˡȻſ־壬һһΧ˹ȥһӣޣһŮһһְֻ⻬ǴŹЦؿˡ˹˻ֲĸо
ӵ󣬻ĸӣ˸ĮޱȣһһȻﵽ¾ʵ
һȺ˵ʲôˣȻôֲ
ż˶Щ
ÿ
ż˵ӵǰ˹ƮƮģĮӡһõ˻һҪϹȥһ㡣
ӻ̧֡Ķ˶һΪ֪Ӽ£һССĶ̼䶼Ҫǵ
ס֣
ʱһȴ˳ԺӰȺ˳һഺһ߹ޣǹСɺ͹ŷһԽû


342 
ٻӰԺʱԺйżҵ˶˿ŷ˹СҲӵǰؿӡ
˵ãʲô
ŷ˿˳ԭԺ洫һ֮߳һȴ־ȻðżҡؼѾˣ
СսȭͷҪȥĳ嶯ȴŷ˸סˣżҿ壬ʲô˶ܹð
һӣż˲ʶǹŷȴʶ˱The King֯ı˵ã
ʲôǰĳŵǰұ˵˵ŷ˲ȢȻͻƲƾ磬ҳΪThe KingKingȻʸӭȢŴС㡣ҹŷˣ겻ƺҲԽƯˡ
˵һ˫۾ڹŷϴţҪŷ⿴һ촽ﾡǲ⡣
Σ
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ǹżҶСɡȻҲഺһ޸ұ˵úˡ
˵Цš
Сɣ
ŷһֱӽСɸ˻˵Ѿͻ˲ƾ磬ŷҲǶ֣οǹСء
˵ã粻ƫƫڻĹҵʱϲ⣡
ǰĹйԼԽ뻪Ĺһ룬ֿͬڻĹңЩлɳãȻɱˣֱǱ޳ܣ
˵á˵һ飬ҹżҵĵ̡ٷݹҹż㲻
ŷ˽СɫһʱһɢϵĹ١
ԣ
ŷ˵ı仯õ˵ɫҲһ䣬ЦøӲ
áŷˣұ˵Ҳ˲˵һǳżҵķԶֻҪżҽԽңұ㲻żΪѡǲҷԣұ˵òҪãǵˣҲһˣżϳ׳
˵ؿŹŷ˺͹СһԽûҲޱ
Σ
֪Ϊʲô˵ɨùСɷⲻˬҪȥȴŷסˡǽʵ˵õĶ֣
˵á
ţԿʱͻȻһͳ˹·˶ȻһӰ䶨Ժ룬һֺһۻϢõ˵ðԵ˲ޣ
̧ͷ˱˵ãǹżҵĲǿ߹ͨ죡
үү
֣ͨСæȥһǿߵĹõһȺżҵˣҲ·Ĺ˿
үӡ
Ź֣ͨ˵ȴû˿η壬ֻǱ˱֣ЦøӲ
֪Ҹղŵ飬үǷͬ⣿
˵һƤЦⲻЦǰ߳һŹͨ챧˱֣ͷװһģ
ֻͨش˵ãû˵ɫȴޱȡһɨѾһ˵õʵѾͻ˲ƾ硣
һǿߣѾ㹻͹ͨ쿹ˡڱ˵󣬻صĸ֣صĸ֣һһʵǿ˺ż֮Уûκܹмܵס
˵бԾ۸ż˲ŵˡ
үһʱ֮䣬޷¾ұ˵պ
ŹͨԼż˵ɫ˵һЦʤȯһ㣬Ȼתͳȥĸصĸ֣Ҳ˳ȥһ˴ҡڳżңżԼһ㡣
ȵ˵һȺ뿪֮ɱѹֵķΧɢ˿ȥżҲ˿
ͨ죬ŷɫȴɺѿ
ش硣
Сæؼ˹ȥղűǱ˵óһƣ˹ȥżҵˣæ͵档ôҲǴǺڵĸ֣ʲô˵ǰȴһ
һǿߣǿ
The Kingû뵽ż꣬˵þͻ˲ƾ硣
ŷҧҧһ˵ãּݣ¾ʱ򣬾ͺ丸һġֻǱǿֻˡٴξ
ĹӵңĹ֮ŲӵĸĹԴԶԶ֮Ҫ࣬Ҳ컪ĹԭڡֻǰĹȹ̣ЩûлᡣڻĹ˶Щ㿪ʼ⡣
һ˵þȻҪŷ˵ķԣżҵȻܸ
һǹżһ⡣һα˵ùԲֻһҡ»аְæҪһ׼
ͨɫࡣʵԸǱ˵ûġֻڱ˵֮󣬻ĸءŷǿԶԸԪĻżҾηˡϧԪȴڡ
ԪĻ֣൱һˡûκܹѹżҡֻԪȴ֪ôˡ
ŷ̾˿ЩʱգһֱڷΪҲкܴľʵһǧԪһ֣Ըһû⡣ֻԪȴ֪ʲôط
Ԫ࣬ġҿٹꡣԪӦþͻͻƲƾ磬ȻһͻƲƾ磬ģҪ¸дˡҪǺúסꡣ
ͨ쿴˿Զ񷡣Ԫ֮ʱżһԻ֮աֻǹżܲܵȵԪڿƺʮ˵ˡ


343 
ңŷɽһƬƣ֮УɽͦɽһۣңɽһƬϵԺӡһڱҵĵ̡
ɽϵĵѰȥã˵һ㣬ɽ֮ϡɽµԺȴڴţЩҵĵӡ
ǰĴ壬ԾŷɽΪģΧʮҵĵز̡ҵĲҵ鼰档Ҵɽ֮ϣңƮ졣ڻ֮У۲Ƹһġ
Ĳ˵ɽŵԺһĵ·ýͿˢġһ·ϣһɫʴ׳ۣʾҵĸݻ
ȻҵĲƸȻֻЩӹ׵ײƲҵԴͷҲӴ󡣱֮ڽңй֮޲
һգҷİΪҼһʱ䲻ǡҵߴ඼Ժڣûгʱ򣬴ɽȻһɫС·̤ϡ
ͦΣݣһƽƽˡǴɽȴ治ɫʾ˲һ˫۸Ǽ峺ʲôס۾һ㡣ԶԶȥֻͨϸȥԽͻԽͬ졣
һˣȴҪҴԺǲģ
վס
Ԫû⣬ͱҵӸǰĿԪϣɱ
ԪҪһ졣
Ԫһ··ҵҵ֮
ҼҼʲô˶ġҹ
ҵӲͷ
ǼҪңҪǼҼ
ԪǼǰţ˿ûΪӵĻͣ͡
㣡
Ԫܲ߹ӲɵòȻŭȻԪ˹ѷļ⵶ֱӿ£׼ԪĲӣ
Ѽ⵶ޱȣһ˲֮䣬ܹԪԴпһ㡣ǾѼ⵶Ҫ䵽ԪϵʱͻȻһ֡ѷļ⵶˲ͱ˳ȥ
ҵӲҽһҲŵɶ߰⣬ֹȥ³Ѫȥ
ԭҴԺһ˷׷׳˳ҪסԪ˸ֱɽȥҪԪƽǰţûж֣Ľɫâȴϵÿ¡κιƹʮȥԪΧһĲҽһһҵ߶ײɳȥǱݣǴȣģЩ˿Ԫһ˳ȥҿԪˣΪԪʵ̫ˣһԪ߶ȣɥ
˭ҷ
һ˹Ȼһδ˳ףһ̤ضɽҡҵһǿߣƽͿٵ˲ڵʱ˵㡣һŭ𣬾ͺͻɽһ㣬˷·䶼Ҫˣ
Сôҡ
һһҵ˳ȥ׷ָԪıӵղŲ˶Ԫ˹ȥԪǿ£һȺ˳ȥ󣬻ûԪȫڵˣԪҧгݣϾǺ⣡ô꣬û˸ôأˣһҪݺݸһѵ֪У
Ԫһ֮ʶͷӿŷɽסˡһţһѰ䡣ǵҲûҵǼǰţЩҵȫ粻
үŪ
һԪһݵҵӴԪﾡǶݺݵ顣
ҵӿԪߡŭ塣
Ŀ࣬׳˶ҲؿԪֻԪ·ûֻԹǰš·Ѱʲô
ߡʶôĶȥ
ԪӣȻõǲˬսȭͷ͵ؾԪ˹һ涼Ųضɽҡһȭͷ·Яżǧһȭ£
ӴٶĶļⶼתȭͷϣȭͷ̲صж
һ¾ߺǲһУͱһȭ屬ѿĹģ
ֻͿµһԪ˹Ԫֻһ̧𡣺ƴһ硣
һ΢磬Ƭ̺ȭͷϡȻžһ£ȭͷһӷˣһɾʹ˲䴫˹һҽСһ£ϣ
䣡
ٶСɽһ壬͵صɳȥڰз˸ͷȻһͷɽУһ˽룡
һƬɽм䣬һĺڶȻ˶ˣֱӱɽûӰ٣
һ涼ԪЩҵӸ¶˲˼顣ղ¾ĸְԪǰȴһжӲסʵֲ̫̬ˣ
˶һսһӾ˾㵲ʱԪˢһ·Ծȣֱɽϵĵ۷˹ȥǶûˣ
⡭
ԪͻȻЩҵһסˡȣֻвǿ߲ӵеı°ԪȻһǿߣ̫̫ǿ˰ɣ
µ͵Ԫ鲢ûôҵ˵һȺҵӵ˿̲֪ҾȻһµ


344 
ԪԴ֮󣬾ڷšԼʶѰͻ䡣ӦϢӰһֱӾɽĵ۷Ӷ
ˢһ⻪£Ԫɽĵ֮ϣɨһȴǿյһƬûпһӰ
ڵ۵м䣬ܹһ󡣶֮ϣԴŻϢֻѾһǰϢˡѾ뿪ҡ
ǶҵڣȡøӦİɡ
Ԫһߡ
Ͻ飬ԼĲǿߣһ֮ڣԪҪɱϳҲҪȫٵ

Ԫһʱһɫ⻪Х˰УһԼף첲ֵĽɫӣ˰УɢŽɫĹ󣡶һǰδеϢҲǴɫ֮ɢ
󣡡
ɫӣԪֻһ֡
һ˲䣬ܵԪĸӦһһӳԪãڲϵĳţš
ģһɫĹ⻪ۻ룬ӰԵˣϽõﶼɪĸоԪ˳ȥһϣԪǰһ۽ıӰסˡڵ֮ϣһҲǸӵľ޴󣬸ӵĴ׳ԶԶȥ޴˺Ϣ
ɽµԺҵӶ׷̽ͷУǳÿͷֵͬɽһ޴Ľɫ鶼סˣǻûпķ
ǹӽס֪ԪҪʲôһһЩ
һ޴ĹӣҪ춼סˡӴģޱȣɫ֮µ˶оǰδеѹ֣һ̣Ԫһȴ˹
䣡
Ԫָһָһɫ͵ش¡һ£ͽĵ۸ѹΪ˷飡

ΡޱȵľŷɽҲȻŲ¡¡ɽ嶼ѿɳʯ䣬һƬ
Ԫһɽĵ˲䱻١ɽ嶯ҡɽµ߸һһ𵴣˶ڵء˰Ĳҽ֮
֣֮
һĸ˵ͷ֮ϡû뵽һ֮Ȼôһ޴İȻҪٵң
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Ԫһ֣һ㳦ֱ׷˹ȥصϡһâԵĹƣֱӾͽ˵ͷ­նѪĽѪԵԴ˵ϣ۾Բĵɴ󣬴Ŀģ
ɱ
ؼҲǴһǰżұЩѹҲˣԪˣһ˳ӡܹŹЩߣ
ɱ
ؼһЩżҲǸһȻ׷ȥһһЩ߿׷ȥɱŷΧɱ£ѪĽѪɣֻһĲҽ
ЩߵðżңҪĴۣ


354 ʹ
żҴȻʥKing֯Ĺ£ЩƲǴʱż϶Цݡ
ʥKing֯ǿԹżҵΧɱȴȻˣ֯ͷĿѾԪ£
һսûκһСƹżˣ
ڹżҵԪԪ֮£ֱǹͨ죬ŷˣСɣؼˡŶ
һżңʵҪλѰһˡ
Ԫǵһôߵĵط΢΢Щϰߡ
˱ǻһ񡣡
Ԫżҽôһ鷳ֵԼˡ磬ûһܹԼĶ֡ΨǢĻ
ԪҪҵȻնɱˣ
񣿡
ͨüͷһ塣
˲Ѿ𣿡
ż˶
ϽɾҲҵĶͷˡɱ˴ˣطɽ֮·ߵļѡ
ԪҲŹżˡڹżҺԪȻͬһҴϵˣô飬һһٽ١Щ߹żңҲżҰԼ¡
Ͻɾ
ż㿴ңҿ㣬һһ㡣
⻰Ԫ˵϶ˡ
Ԫ㾡ܷԸҹżȫЧ͡
ͨ챧˱֡
áܿҾͻϢˡɷȫ𡣡
Ԫ˹ŷˡϾͨǹżһˣҲԪԪܲܵǲͨȥ顣
ŷ˾ͲһˣԼͬҹŷ˵Ԫġ
ã
ŷ˳˱֡
ҲᡣҶ˻Ѻѣڶָǡ
ԪһӣʱӴһһ׷׷˳ҫ貵ĹâһһԺ룬ѻһɽһǾɢõԺӶŨԪЩһѻ̼䣬żҴԺý̻Իһâɢȥҫһ񷣡
һż¶һͬͨҲЩĿɿڴǻǵһοֱʵķأ
Щһһѻһ𣬼һλøռˣĿʤ
⡭
ǻҺҵз
ҺҿǴ尡̣Ȼȫǣ
̫ˣЩǹżҵʵضǿ
ǰ̫˼ˣ
ô෨һò갡

һйżˣһһ϶ϲͼǹżҪǵõЩõҺͻе̣óΪһ壡
׷Ԫ󣬹Ȼûдһ㹻żòˣ
ǰһѻķɽ˶𺳵˵϶Ǽޱȵ顣Сɣŷˣͨ˶ˡ
Сɣ
ԪȴֱԽһɽĿ˳崿˵ĹСϡ
磡
Сæ˳
Ҵҵõһʲô񹭡ѵõƷѾ״ϲùȥ
ԪһӣһɫĹ⻪ŹСɷ˹СɴһץȴһɫĹ
ɫĹ֮ϣ⻪תţɢŨһһͬСɵķһĽĿⶼ˹СɵϣԪŮˣȻͲһ
СһϲĲˡ
лл硣
СȲҧָһѪһ֮ϡܿСɺ񹭱㽨һ˿صϵ
Сɺһصϵ֮͸о񹭵ľۻ֮ڣһһ㡣ʶ͸룬Ȼ޷׿ȫò
Ҳԥ乭ҡʱһǿļʸ֮ɣ
һʸԵһ۶ɺ󣬱ơڼʸ۶ɣʾ˿µķâ
գ
СɿңʱʸХһƿֱ֮Ӵǽڴ͸
ԪĬĬؿţСϲһ񹭣ԪҲοһ񹭣ԪһƷ
պҶɽٷĻпܽΪһ
ȻСڻ¾磬Ҫɣһʱ䣡СδӵԵҪȵͻƲƾܹ֪һƷҲǼõģ
Сɵõһ񹭣Ȼǰ֡ԪҲϲԼˣȻԼȹͨСүүǿˣ
ؼ
ԪĿһת䵽ؼϡ
磡
ؼæ˳վԪǰԪɱǿߣȻΪ˹żеż񡣶ؼʱҲһȻ𾴣ﶼǱϹϾ顣
ҽżҡֵ飬Ҳǡһڴ󵶣ҲƷն㣡
Ԫһһɫ󵶱Хؼһ貵Ĺ⻪תʾ˰ԵķâһɺԶŵϢҲɢһֺõ࣡
˶ЩĽؼõһƷؼʵҪɡԪһϴ󣬻Ǵ󷽸óôķƷóһһطָ˴ҡ˭Ըصĸɰ
ؼץסһնȻֻ̲ϲûеõƷءٴα˱֡
лл磬Ӵؼհ
ؼһؿԪ֪ԼԪϵûд


355 Ҵӡ
һ񹭣һնѵõƷܶ˼ûмСɺؼԵƷ֮󣬿˵ϲ񣬸˵زˡȻǹżҵľӢӣõƷĻҲûж١
رǹСɣ޲ö˵Ԫϣ§סԪĲӺݺԪһڡ
Ԫתֿ˹ŷˡСɣؼѾ˶ûԹŷ˲ˡȻŷ˶Լ̬һǲ䲻ġ
ڡ
ŷ˳˱֡
ԭŷڹżңһ֮£֮ϵĴڡڿԪҲĸԸĳ
ˣһֹ¼ϣʲôҴӡúÿΪ
ԪڻһץһȻһӣֱӷ˹ŷˡ
ҴӡԪҵģԪԼľ¼ģϽŵһ
ŷ˶ڷһܹ𻯷ҲһԪͽһԵʱ򣬽Ҵӡ˹ŷˡպܹɽ翴ŷˡ

Ŀⶼ׷˹ǻû˵ҴӡءǰҲûпνķҴӡôԪóˣ
ŷץסһ֮󣬾ʹ˿ֻһкɫ֣ԾӭһϵϢ˹
һϢűһʱյһ㡣ŷ˿ţţһӾͳ˽ȥ԰Ρֻ·𿴵ԶŵʱһΡķʥ˱ؼķ𷨡ޱߣմأŷ˺һҴӡ֮п˷ʢ񿴵˷̵Դ˥һһʷ
㡣
ŷ˿ҴӡЩˣ˲ɵỻ˼䡣ǹŷ˻ûзӦ
ʱ֣ɫרעʶ׳ٽǾ޴ӡ֮һ㡣޷԰Ρ
㣬Ȼٿ
С߹ȥæƹŷˡʱ򣬹ŷ˲Ȼ򡣿˿ΧŷԼȻ֪г׳ǷҴӡ֮С
ŷæٴԪ˱֡
лл硣
ղһ˲ŷѾ֪ҴӡˡֱͬСɣԪҪĹԼɼԪԼΣŷ˶ڷ˵ǼȤڵõķ𷨣ȻϲʤԪøиǴǿ
ˣ˶ҹżй֮ˡй֮ˣ͵۹ͨ͡죬ʣ˵ķʹͰɡ
֮ڣһѻɽķɽԪûʱһһʹͣͽ˹ͨ졣
ˣһˣһѰһ顣
Ԫ۹ŷˣת뿪˴

Ҫҵɲһ򵥵飬ҪżµϡҪ塣
ͺ껪׷ԪһԻڻĵձҪڳ׵顣
ڹŷ˾ܸɣ齻ŷû⡣Ԫ͹ŷһСʱȵȷ˼ƻ֮󣬹ŷ˾ͳȥˡ
һʵæµ̫ˣû죬Ҫȥɽ١ԪЩ᲻뿪ˡ
ԪصԼķ䣬ԡףԡ۾ƺĥѰ˼ʲô
ûҵҪɽ硣ֻɽ֮󣬵ô졣һͷ۵⡣
꿣ޣѩ꣬˪СɣŷˡԪһŮˣЩᡣ
ɽ磬;ԲЩŮˣ϶ûԵ֮ˣǲܷɽġҲԺ󶼲ܼˡٱ֮ʱ֮ĸʤ
ȻԪܹǱܷӳﵽľĻô½谭סԪˣԪɳУ谭ҲǼңԶˡ
Ԫ֮ǰȥһЩŮˡԺ˵˵ԼݡҲǶͷҪԼҲ˽ԼһԵ
硣
ԪŵʱһǹСද˵
ɡ
ԪƽȻƿ߽һһ£崿˵ĸŮһˮСԪǰһӹԡǰ
磬ժңصùŶ㳢òóԡ
СһöӣҷԪԪһ£ҧҧСɵָֻ÷⻬СߺˣˡϾͽӷһԡ¾ͽϵ·ѹˡ¶ഺ塣
ҲҪϴ衣
С޳˽һ˿ң¶Ͽȥ˾ͳǰȣԲɣߣ֮ڴǰԸ˷һЩ
һ˿߽СҲƺЩɬԽߺ졣ſԪĻǷȵĽԪϡԪӸܵߵһԪһֱܡ
رǹСǰűǼѹԪԵ
ԪָڹСɺϸţһ߸ֹ⻬һڹСɶߵСɣ㳤أ
ԪŻԲĳߴ磬š첻û뵽Сַ˲١ȥ»ԽԽˡ
ǰҳˣԺҲҪүү㵣ˡ
СҧҧӣԪţǣһϣԽĸоһ飬
ǽĵŮɬԵˡʱԪͻȻ˹Сɣһͦ

Сɷ˵ӣСһӾͱԪסˡҲǳ콿


356 Ů
季һµһĹ޴򳡣¶Ӿأһʾһĺֺ롣
ʱڹ֮ڣ׵λáվһһ۵Ůӣ߹Ӻݣĸµơ
û뵽㻹ţ̫ˡԭұ˵ϢһһѰ˼ҪҪȥءû뵽͹ˡ
ⶫŮһţƺǿġһŮʣǶ孽̵ŮʣҲһǿߡ
孺ͽҵĹϵǳ˵ⶫŮʵԭȵﵽ¾ġ˭֪ȴô顣
ɯҵʱ䲻ˡҪİ
һۣӺݻĶŮʡ
˵ҪʲôҶȥ
ⶫŮʰɯҧҧ
áϽ¾ĸȫй
˸ݵĹâ
ԪѾͻ˲ƾ磬ʥKing֯ǿ߶նɱˡʵֱǾĶǣ
ڸԪĶ֡Ҫֻ飬һǷʵſպԪԿѰһط
Ȼ֪ҪʲôⶫŮʻǵ˵ͷȻתȥˡ
һ߽¾ĸ֣Ůǰ٣Щ˶ǶһһĶ֣
á
ʵۻ룬Ŀ¸֣¶̰顣ڿһ㣡
ȻͻȻһֱǰһ¸֣һòŮץ˹ȥ
һŮ֪ҪʲôԼ֣ΪԼˣ΢΢ЩϲһɲǣɫʹסˡͷԼѾˣǴץԼһֱӽһѪܵĹץ˳һɾʹѪ˲䴫˹ȫ£
㡭
˶û뵽ͻȻһħģһŮɴ۾һʣؿŻ񡣹Ƭ̺һ鴤ͨԵ˵ϣɴ۾һʺ;㵡Ѵһ飬һѾ˳
˷ܵĹâһڽѪܵĹӽڴڳ׽ţѪȴһ˵ĿֲȻģ

һڣʣµǿ߶ˡû뵽ŮʽǽйȻ⻪Ŀģ
ʵѾԶǿߣֵܹġֿ±̬Ķħû˲¡һЩǿæ·ӡǿɲΪһ
ܡǵΪ˳ɾҵΰ󣡱£Ĺ٣
Ѫȥһץסһĸߴ׳һ˺壬Ȼͷֱӽһĳҧסֱӹ๾̽˶棬̻ʣ
ģڳżûгԵζһھ׽ʱѪરણ˵ɭ£
ԱվŵĶŮʣȫǾסˡһĻһȻôҲ뵽Ȼ孽̵һѣ
⻪ôȻԻ˵ΪʳҲ̫̬˰ɣ
ŮʣŮʣ
ЩǿӴֵŻ񣬿ȴǻĶ֡һһץסûֱ̻ˣһЩǿæ˹ҪŶŮȡڻǰʵ̫Сˣһ㷴ûУ
ŮƺšԭݺӦֹŶԡǣҲ֪򲻵Ѿȥ
һֱϲˡŮҧҧ˻񣬷ֻҲڿԼ˫۳죬ѪģһĶħһ㣡ͻȻ䣬ⶫŮʷ·¶˾ģ͵һץȥ

һŶŮ˹ŮߣȻ̧ͷ˶ŮʡԭŶŮȵģû뵽ŮʾȻһֱץ࣡
һŮߵɴ۾һġȻͨԵ˵ϣ
ȻŮһѪܵŻ˹ȥһһ
٣ҪʲôҶ㡣
Ů˹
ѪһؿŶŮʣ̧ͷЦ
ãܺãɯ㲻һŮˡ
ӹһ̵࣬һڷڴھ׽Ѫⷺ𣬻ŰڵĹâ˶Ե쳣ɲ˼ħ
һĵط֪Ҫһȵ񹦴ɣҪɱжԸҵˣ㰮ɯΪΨһŮʣһΨһŮˣ
˲ǵѪݵ
ڱһ֪ܵҲڡҴȥԲ֪ġ
ɯ˵꣬תԣһءӾƿˣȻͳһܵ
áɯңһһٵġֻҪұչ˵ȴ³֮ʱῴҵ
Ѫһѽɯֱܵ˽ȥ
̷˼¾ֵҪչغúһ¡֮Ȼףգûô򵥡ȵƹض֮ʱԪ۵ʱ̣
Ȼ츴ǴϽ絽½磬촫ݹʵޡҪʵֻж֮
孽ǵʮ֮һӵвѷɫڻҵ̺Դⶫ孽̲Ϊɿģ
ͶŮʰɯܵ󣬺ܿʧˡ孽̵κ˶֪


357 Ӱȫ
СЩǲԪŵģԪһߵŹŷ˵ϢһҲŹһᡣ
СԭҪͻ¾ˣֻǻһԪ˫֮ÿ԰Сɺúͻơ
ҹҹСɶԪķࡣԪڳ˹żҵϴҲû˴š˴ϣǽǣСĻһ˿ңŤš
ԪڵתԪϣתСɵڡӿ֮£Сɻ¶·ϴˢһһ㣬Ե
ҧ˫գΪԪ¶ֳ˵ɫʣ⻪ӿš
ţңҺܣ
СɷһͻȻסԪʱͻȻһ졣̼䣬תһһı仯
Сɽ㺹ܣ˺þòӡ֪˫֮ͻ¾磬泩ޱȡ
һ˫ĿԪȥԪĴǵԪϣԪһԵܡԪҲ˿˴ϣƾСħ˵СԼ϶šĲ࣬ΪùСͻ¾磬Ԫ˵ǺķڿԺúϢһˡ
飡
ٯٯ֮ʱһ˹
磬лˡ
⴫ؼе
Ԫ͵ۣ֣һӱСվ
áҾ
ԪЩ˹żңɾΪҵ⻪񡣼Ȼ˻ܹŹ
СһץԱߵ·ͷ˹СҲæ·
ƿţ˳ȥؼҪ˵һСģ΢΢һƱС˵ģ޵ˣ
磬Сڴš

Ԫ˵ͷ첽˹ȥСסԪ֣ȥŹСɵıӰؼ΢΢һΪֹСɾȻͻ¾磡õؼĽǾ
Ҫ֪СɿǺͬȵʵǹСɺԪڷûͻ¾硣ԼڴǾ޷ѡԪ͹СڷʲôǲԼԺҲҪԪڷﵥദһأԪطԼͻ¾Ҳһ
ؼ˼ȵɱ˻֮һҪԪԼͻ¾磡

һϢǹŷ˵Ѽġŷ֪ҺͶЩԨԴǱ˹ȥ孴̽û뵽Ȼڶ孷˻
ȷһ¼ƻ󣬹ż׼רԪŷˣСԸ孽ڵĵطӽ季ȷʵҪһЩйżҵȫ֧֣Ҳʲô⡣
һ·ɻ˶孵Ԫͣ㣬ֱŶ孽̵ڸ˹ȥ
ԪһҲǷ񸲸ⶫ孵Ѱټ
ֻ˶孽̵ĵ̺孽ȴǿյһƬûаӰ
ԪŷˣСڶ孽̵ĵţһһüͷȻһЩ孽̵˲ʶôҪ裬ڴʱԪǰȴǲһ
Ԫʶ񸲸ȴʼҲϢ
ܹ֪ڼǰⶫ孽̵ĵ̡ڼǰ⻪ȴ뿪ˡѾоκϢˡ
ߣ
ƺʲôԪӰһһ䷿ȥŷ˺͹СæԪ
ŷ˹СɸԪϣһķڡһڷڴȻԪüͷһ壬ҵķһһһش˿һܵһأƵļ侫ɣϸĻͷֲˡԪҲǶԼʶҵġ
ߣ
һܵһ֣Ԫ˶һϲû뵽⻪ȴǴһܵѳȥġ
Ԫ˺ԥܵԪǰ棬ŷˣС˺棬ܵѰȥ
һõӳְֺʵҲѾһĵزһﲻСԽԽʵɳ
ԪһҲǺХϸϸܵɨһһ硣
һܵܳûоͷһ㡣Ԫʶӿһܵ׵׸סŹκһطɾѰκϢ
Сʱһȴǳһ·ϡͷ˿·ȴ㻪Ӱûҵ
ܵȻֻǲڣ
Ԫüͷ
ǰѾ뿪ⶫ孽̵õһЩԼҪĶ뿪֮󣬾ȻеϢڲԪȻҲ˿Ϣ⻪ӦûҪԼˡ
̫ƻˣ
ŷ˺͹СüͷǽȻû뵽ôƻһȻûӰ
孽̵ץúʡһҪҵ񡣡
Ԫɫһ
磬ӴҪҵһ֮ѡںòһЩԾԲܹŹˡ
ã
ŷ˵˵ͷ͹Сɱ˳ȥץס˼孽̵ͷͷʼĽȴü˺ʧ
һǶ孽¾ǿ߶Ѿʧˡ孽̵˶֪˶孽̣Ҳ֪Ůʰɯͻʲôʱ뿪ġģŮʺǴһЩĸִҴ뿪ġ
ⶫ孽̣ͺͻȻ˼һ㣬ҲѰκεϢ
Ԫɫءùŷ˺͹Сɷⶫ孷Ѱ񲻿˼һʧһһЩ˿ġ


358 꿺
Դӻұ֮󣬽˺þáϾһôĺȻӰ첻һ㡣عƽ
꿺һֱûзѰԪǲߣ֪֮Ҫ֪Ԫ䣬ϼѡҲû£꿾һֱޡ
ҪôһȥƣҪôһֳԷ꿺ڽߵ⵹ԽԽˡ˴Զ׷⽭ƣΪһŮķݡд󽭸ڽ򣬸ûһ˸꿺ӵǹļ䰲ȡ
һգ꿺ԾڽſơһѿƣٸŲСʱֻʣһˡһûʲô򣬵ʮӶûп
ô
ͻȻһϤ˹С
ʮǮһ
̧ͷǰʱһ
磡
꿷Ӧ˹һԪ˹ȥôûԪû뵽Ԫˡ꿱סԪĲӣഺ嶼Ԫϡϲ񣬺Щⷢһһ㡣
Ԫֻñ⻬ĺ󱳡
Ԫ˰
Ҳҧ촽Ԫ΢΢ЩôûԪʱٿԪ˺仯һЩ֮ڴǰӳˡüӢ˵ζ
̯λϵһ仯һ˵Ŀ⡣˶֪ʩģԭŮһֱƣ˶֣ôƯŮôûأ
û뵽ھȻһеġ㣬һһʼɵĿԪϡȻɻԪһʲôˡ˿ԪĴţҲǮ˰ôṴôƯĴŮ
޸ǳҪ֪·ϣЩ죬֪жȥŮŮκ˶ѹûз˻Ϊͬأ
ǡô
ԪЦŵ
ðҺ޽ء
ôûԪʱԪֶ᲻ɿˡԪԱߣСˣһ۵ĿԪ
ǰҡЩ죬㶼Ķȥ˰
ŭðԪһۡôûԪǰͨ޺꿶֪Ԫʲô顣ĵòˡԪȴ绰Ҳ޲Źأ
ȴ˹§סԪ֡һߣһұߣӵұ˶޲ýԼڽԪȥ
һԸеĸоʹ˹㣬ִǵ⻬ԪҲƿˣֻ˱Լ
ЩЩ顣߰ɣҸطԵ㶫˵
ԪЦŵ
ߡǰһ
꿺Ԫǰߣ̯λҲˡ˼ҹԪԪˣôܷ֡罺Ԫѯʸûꡣ飬ԪҲһó꿺޶ͦԼġ
ԪЩһֱѰŻ䣬ȴǽƻ孽̵е̶ұˣҲûҵ
˼Ԫ㽫񽻸˹ŷ˵ˡԪԼһڵˡûҵ񣬹Ҫ׼ȥˣ֮ǰһµ顣
һ˵Цһ꿺ޱԪûз֣ӭ߽һӾõò˵Ŀⶼ˹һһŮ㹻עˡ˭֪һξȻ
꿵ഺ޵ĳԸУŮˣһǾһ߽һһЦֱߵŮȻͬʱӵһ˵Աߣõ˶Ľʼɺ޵ˡ
һλԪ棬޺꿶ԪԱߣȴһ¡죬ֻԪĶ档һ˵ҲΪǢܿзԱ˲˵˺þòˣһѵĻ⡣޺Ԫʸû꣬ԪҲһһʵػش
٣쿴Ǳֽ㰡
һĸӵĿⶼԪһߡഺ˵ģǳ˵ķ飬һһ۾ֱһ㣡ĸӵм䣬һװӺһȺ˵ͷһ˫۾һգգ꿺ϡŮ˺Ԫ޼ģ·Ҫһ㡣
СҲ֪ʲôˡȻôÿŮӵұ·ģСһѡ٣ϲϣ
һƺٵϾƷŮɲ˭ܹġںòĻᣬɲܷŹǸһ˿Ц⣬˱ӣ˹ȥ
Ԫ޺ú̸Щ췢飬ԪҪ˵˵ԼľʱͻȻһǵԱߡ
λŮû뵽ǡ
һͻأ˹Ԫ˵Ļԭ̸õˣ׷̧ͷ˿һװЦӣܿתͷȥҲˡ
Ԫ˼˵Цܾǿһ㣡
ԭ˵Ŀⶼ꿺޵ϣʱ˿̣˹ɧţȻǸӸȤˡ˵Ŀⶼ˹
Ŀ֮£һʣ˲ЩҲסˣ
λŮҽкܣＯŵĸܡǳԸ𣿡
ܼòЦŵϧ˵Լݡ
ʲô
Ｏŵĸܣ
һӵĻ˶һＯſǽĴ˾ֵʮڡ˾ȻＯŵĸܣΪ
Ｏţµǽҵĸ߹ܣнʮ𲽵ġＯžǽһƣͽＯţδǱһ˿ܣ۾һˡܽＯţΪ˸ܣ˵нҲмʮɡ
ֻԪ˻ԹԵĳţţ˵⻰ȫͽܵ˿ûдܵ˵
ɫ΢΢ЩѿΪŮûԼ˵ɤӣãλŮＯŵгܲúܡܸʶǡ
һκ˼֣õȫ֣һڴģ
ＯŵгܲãнɶǼġŮ֪øߴ˧ôǮûŮ۶Լһ°
ȥ޺ȴǿûпֻһغԪ˵⻰˺ûпһ㡣ֻԹԵţ˵˴Цදõ˶ܲ


359 Ÿ
һЩΪＯŵĸ߹ܣڨŮŮȻһҲԼرǵô˵棡ɫˣô꣬û˾ܾԼأ
ףǾͺȰҲζȣӦоСŮɲܳЩôλֵܣ벻𣿡
˿ԪǰļͨȣܽĿԪϣǱĵ顣ŮܾתڿԪˡԪŴ磬ҲһʲôǮˡһˣȻŰռŮֱǱɥܵȻŹԪĻˡ
ԪûܣԹԺ˵⻰
ԪûǣΪԪӳˡӵҪŮ֪ԼǮȻСӡʱŮԼ˧𣬻ùԹŮ֪ＯܲζʲôԼӦʵչʾһԼĲ
Ա84ƺơ
ܴһָ
ҪõŶǲġ
ܿԱߵķԱŵ˵رء
84ƺƣ
ܵĻȻ˶һ84ƺƣ˵˵ϵĵһҳǲĺơһƿҪ࣬û뵽һ־һƿôľơһӰĲ
ۣǮһƿ84ƺƣٵúüɣ
ǰû˵Ｏŵܲãнءһƿƺʲô
ۣô˧һôǮ̫ϲ˰ɣ
ҶЩˣҪ˭Ϊҵһƿ84ĺƾͺˣ
ΰɣ

ʱһһ˹һƿ84ĺƣֵƣ˵͵ˡҲ̫˰ɣ˶ĿɿڴΧ˵֮¶顣ȻʲôʱǮõĶϻǮ˵Ůأ
ܿԱһƿƵ˹÷Ա˾ƣɫӵ
þƲŮλŮúá
Цŵ
Ԫ˻ɫƽûܡԪһֱͷܸΪСӱԼŵˡ϶֪Ѷˣ߳ŭ
оûʳҲһˮ氮һǴӷڵѡһŲһ򹫽ҲֻҲСԭֻгĿ˲õġͨ𣬵ȻǳԲ𡣡
˵ͨ˵ʱ򣬺俴ԪһۡСӣһģͨ˶ء
һΣҲλŮʡ
ܼ˸ָܿ˶һ̾Ө͸ˮѡ
һĻٴαסˡƺƣˮѣһ٣û϶Ǯɡǳִ󷽰Ů˿ܶðˣ
һĿ⣬ǱĵԪϡΪ꿺Ůֵˡ
ŮƯˣԭӦһٶĸٶŶԡϧȴôһСӣֻܺĿȡⲻǱ𣿶һȺ˵ĿԪϡЦͷ
СӿģɵˡûǮռôƯŮҲԼǸʲô
ǡ㿴һ仰˵ʼװˡûǮ͸Ͻȥⶪۣ
ǣǣŮҲСϵģ

һһ˳ԭԪŮ߽õòĽʼɺˡڿҲвٵĳɹʿ棬Ԫ߸ŻţԪһСȴӵұŮԿܹȥԪһȺʵЩˬġΪܵΪһִǵ
Ԫû˵ֻ꿵ֻһšȻԹԵغ˵ˡ
꿺ЩŭѵúԪһһۡ˭֪֪һֻӬܵŸʵǷˣ꿺ΧԪΧûпһۡ
ܻڲϵصŲʳͲƾԼĳͲ򲻶ŮŮ治ԼͶͱ˭֪º᲻͵͵绰أ˭֪᲻϶ӶԼûǮûλأ
Ա٩٩̸Ȼ˶ܵĲˡһһŮʼﲨˣ޲źһԪϣǴűģ
ǮľǰǸ˶оԲλɡȻСӵͷҲ˵ˡһӦøϽ˰ɡ
ŵʱԪȴһȭͷ
ǸԱǰɣ
ԪվԱߵķԱ
ô
Ȼû뵽һСӾȻῪڣԱæ˹ҵĿⶼ׷ԪϡԪԱҶ²ԪҪ뿪
ֿﻹжƺƣ֡ÿһƿҲôϲȣǴϲͺá
Ԫƽص
ʲô
ԪĻ˶һԭΪԪߣû뵽ȻҲʼˣˡжʮÿһһƿǾʮ򰡡ѵҪＯŵĸ߹ܶݣҲÿԼķɣ
㣬ôǮ𣿡
ǷԱЩˡ˿ԪĴţȻЩš
˵Сӣ㲻˶ʼɣҪҵķͷѹȥɡϧŸֻǮ˲ġһСӣҿȥɡ
ǺԪĻȻԽǰԪһֱƽ˾ģ΢΢ˬڼŭԪԪŮǰܵʱ̡
ǰǲҲûôƺơ
ǷԱҧҧҲǿˣΪŮԴףһССķԱɲܲκϽҪǵʱ򣬵˾ƣûǮʧɾҪ㵽ͷȥˡɵ
˭˵ǲûôƣ
ʱһͳۻȴӲſڴ˹


360 
˭˵ǲûƺƵģ
һۻ˹һ׷ſڿ˹ȥʱ򣬱㿴һī˹
Щ֮ϣܿԪǰ
ϣϰ塭
ԱߵķԱƺϳӣæӾǲϰ壬ƽǺİﲻ˶ɫ
ûԱֻǾֱԪǰãԪǰɡӽ쿪ʼǲϰˡ
ӹ˹
ʲô
ӵĻ˶һ
ϰ壬ӲԱı־ͿԿóǿģӺԪҲʶôһòԪͳ˲ϰˣ
ԱߵĺɫҲһ䣬һֱΪԪǸСأôһӳ˲ϰ塣˵Ҳֵǧɡ⣬Сһҹ
ܵɫѿ
ܺáΪף˵һҲÿһƿƺơ
Ԫ
ȥ
ӿ˿ԱߵķԱ
ǣǣǡ
ٴˣҲ֪ԪͬһˡԭһԻ¶಻˵ﰡԱæͷȥֿȡȥˡ
ʱ򣬲ڲĿⶼԪϣžǰһֱΪԪһСӡһӾͽҲˣǧĴֱʰ֮ʲôܿǿˣȻҶЩСӳΪϰȴʵ
СӲɽ¶ˮģԭһﰡ
ǰǮˣ˭ܹҲ
ǰûǮôܻŮŰ

ʱһһ۵˹ǰΪԪֻһСӣû뵽תۼȻһ
ɱʲôǿˣ
ԭһֱŸĺɫһˣվԭҪŸѹһԪû뵽ⲻûдѹԪԼˡ
ԼһƿƺƣѾԼʹˡԪһӾ˶ʮƿһֱʣͲõó
ɫѿޱȡվԸо˿ɫһˡ
ܵͷͷҪ뿪һβûǰҫǺ޲Ҹضȥ
ＯŵԱǰɣ
ҪתȥʱԪƵ˹
ǡô
ܶס˽ţͷҧԪѾоԪһԪٲһôԼֻһѣֲˡοԼＯŵĸ߹ܣеԴһȻûеӣԺеŮ׷Լ
ȵȡϾˡſڡˡ
Ԫûлͷֻһߺſһߵǲ֪Ϊʲôһ˵˶ſڿ˹ȥ
ȴĴűƿˣװͦ˽һһڣߴ͡Ȼžһ˽
һˣɫһ䣬̺æܣ
߽ˣǱˣＯŵܣԶ
ڲҲвԶ̲ס׷ԶＯŵܣҲʮڵôһС
ԶﾹȻҲԪ߹ȥġ
һ˶ɴ۾治ѡǰǲϰԪǰȻＯŵܡ
һһԪҲ̫˼˰ɣ
Ԫʲô˰ѵＯŵ𣿲԰Ｏŵˣûܲʶġ϶Ų˼顣Ƿ֣һʼǾͿԪСһɽ¶ˮĴ
һԪǰ󣬺ǰǲһҲԪ𣿡
߸˹

Ԫ˵ͷ
ãԪϲＯŵϰˡ
߹
ʲô
һһ㡣ڵһվؿһУֱǲţ
Ҫ֪ＯſǼֵʮڵĴ˾ھȻһӻϰ壡
ǰһСһ⡣Ͼһǧĸ̣ҲǺѼ顣ȴĴ˾ʮڵĴ˾
һɫˡԪ˵
Ԫƽʱ˿ֻ̣Ԫ¶ŸĪ⡣
Сӵʲôֲ̫ˣʮڵĹ˾˵˰
һ˵ĿⶼǰǵĺϡСԼмǮ˼ǰŸײǹϰɣ
Ҫ֪˼ҿＯŵϰ塣Ȼܹȥɧű˵Ůˣ
ȵȣ
˺һʲô
ƺСɧԪȣȻԪɡŲСʱɡȻչһʮڵĴ˾ʲôֲ
˿Ԫоһסˡֱʵˣ¿¶ֻһţƵȻʵпˣ
ԪԱߣＯŵνܺܣɫһƲǰһһ㡣ԼĶ䣡ΪһУһһֵʮڵĹ˾˵ͱＯŵˣȻʶＯŵܡ󣬼ǮߣＯŵܲＯŵİ
·һ̣֪ܲһʲô
Ȼһ˹
ܡҴＯŶ¾㱻˾ˣＯŵܣһ˵Ļ
ͨ
˫һһףȻһε˹ȥ
Ｏſɲô׵飬Ҫ˵ϸܵλá
һӶ˷룬ԺõĹܡҵＯĴ˾պҪڽҵ죬Ǿˣ
ܵһӽĩգ


361 
꿺޿ԪҲЩȡ֪ԪͬСˣȴû뵽ȻֵزһӾȻＯšһ̵ʱڡһЩʱղԪı仯ǶЩĿࡣ
꿣޽㣬ҲＯž͸Ϊɡ
Ԫ˿꿺ޡ
͸ǣ
꿺һȻϽҡҡͷ
Ҫֲ
ѧϴ󣬺ＯŵĶ³ҶŸġ
ԪЦŵ
Ǯƶ˵ֻ֮ԹżҵҪǮжǮ˵ǮֻһֶѡϾֻҪҪһλûòĶٻ󣬳ưԣ׾ٵ顣Щֻǹ۸ƣԪ⡣
꿺޾ͲһˣＯţԺٿǡ
ֻǰҹԺҲġˣԱ㣬߰ɡ
Ԫվ꿺ѵĻᡣʵϣܹΪҲֻЩˡϾ꿺޲ߣպҲûлɽˡ
Ԫһվ˶˹ʱԪ飬Ѿʹǰһˣﾡǹ顣
һＯʮڵĴ˾۾գһ¡ĲƸ˿ֲ¾ǻ׸Ҳûôɡ˵ĿԪϣǾѰ˼ԪݡѰ˼˰죬ȴҲʵ벻׻һʲôˣܹӵǵӡУţƺĹҲҲһ˵ǮˣȨƵˣҲδܹڰСʱھＯŵĶ³˾ȥǵ˲ϡ
꿺סԪ֣Ԫ߳ȥƺ֪ԪҪȥûд֣ϧԪһʱ䡣ԪҲڽǰȥĵطתһ顣һ죬Żص˴ǰС
ԭԪһ˯һ˯ǰӣǻû£꿺޾ʹ˯סԪߴߴѽѽ˵ûꡣԪҲûа취ֻ§ˡ
һ欵һഺΣԪִֻоԵĵ⻬ˣҪ˯һ治׵顣
Ůӻݺ˵ţǽĻŸԪúšʱ̿Ժ󶼲ˡ
ĸСʱŮ˯˹ȥ꿼ſԪϣ§ԪĲӣǷӽסԪԿԸоĳߴǰࡣһǷľˡ㷢յ񾲵
ԪѾ˺ôŴŮ˵ĲѿȻ˴ϣ˱ӣת뿪ˡ࣬Ҳ޷ǵϣ뿪վҪ뿪
һ߳ԭķ䣬Ԫ䶨˶ݶعͷ˿Ƿķ̾˿
ԪԶһֵϣһɫİµͣվһˡԪӰһ˵ǰӰһԵø
磡
ؼ
Ԫһģؼ͸Ԫ󡣻ĴӪϾڽԪѰ˼źؼһû׼ǻҲ뵽Σյĵطȫĵط⽭Ҳһ
Щ죬ؼѾͽеļϵŻ񣬵ȴûаӰ
ûϢ𣿡
Ԫüͷ
ûС
ؼҡҡͷ
ѾǵھˣѰ⻪졣ȴûҵ䡣
˼һʧ˵ǰ
СǼѰңҪɾ衣ʱַܳżҡ
Ԫ
ǡ硣
ؼ˵ͷ
Ԫ񷣬ɫءڻҪԼȥԼҪһζѰֻʱ䡣ʵһһɳİʵɳᵽһĵز
䱻ǣűߣԼھȥɽ١һԼ˾죬һֹֹԼġԪ˽ⲻˣǲԼطɽģΪҪռ飡
֮ǰҪһЩȫ׼
ԪӰһڵĳи˹ȥһΣԪûдֻ꣬Ǿؿ
һСԺĵطŵɫѣ񾲵š
ǼƽֻֻݣһŻһʲô
磬֪ʲôʱҡԺĻݲӦûῪİɡ
С죬ߡ͸оԪһˣԺܶﲻԪֻܾصȴšֻҲ֪ҪȴʲôʱһͷһҲȲԪȡ
ȴԼȥΪԪҲбˡ
ԪĬĬؿꡣݣշðȣԪҲˡԪûȥ棬꣬ﻹкεİɡֻǾҲı䲻ʲôͽ˸жѡ
ԪԲˡ
ȵҹĻٵʱԪ뿪ĳСٱ֮ʱùż˼Сһ飬˵һʱ

꿣ޣŮ˺ЩҲòˡԪźݸ˹ȥ͹żѾԴȥѰһ񣬿ȴҲӰµֻܹȥˣ
ˢ
ԪһӰ˹żҡ
磡
磡
ż˿ԪæԪѾΪ˹żҵϴ˶Ԫֱܵĳݡ

ԪһһͷŹżԺ˹ȥҪ뿪ˣһЩҪǵǰţţһӰʱɫһΪֳǰӰȻ˪
˪һOLװԸǻһ˫ӹ˵ÿԪЦЦŭñط꣬ޡ
ʦ
Ԫ΢΢һȥû뵽˪Լ˺ݣҲȥԼҲãһ棬ԪҲ˪

ںҲһ壬ݷô飬Ҳ֪ܲԪϢ˪͸˹
ԭСɣдŮԪһʱ͹˪ˡ˪Ҳô۸ģŲߣżҵҲûа취СҲֻܰ˭ԪŮôأ
żҵˣҵ˪Ͼ˪ϴԪŮˡϴŮˣ˭ҵֻ˪ڴԺԪ
Ԫ˪ڹżҴԺţ˴Ҳ˵ЩʱյľԪ˵ԼĹʱ˪¶˾ȵ顣
ϽˣӰҲ𣿡
˪ŲһԪ
ô飬ԪһУ˪ҲһЩ˽⡣֪ԪΪʲôһһξܾԼˡΪԪԭͲ磬Ҳ綺̫õġϽˣҪӰġԼԪˡͬˣôһ˪һʹ
ܿҾҪˡ
Ԫ˪˪һĵεΣһӿͷѧУĴ֣ٵһЩ飬һһΣԺطšԪԼŵˡһֱΪԼһѪߡ
˪ҲԼڵкҪһ֡
ǣһҪҵӰŶ
˪Ĭã̧ͷһ˫Ѿ֪е֮ףʲôء
ԪҪ뿪磬ȥһԶܵĵطȻвᣬȴֹܹˣҲͬɡ
˪ֽʹĸоȴװһ΢ЦģֻһỨӿױˡȴһֳ
滨ģԪ̲ס߹ȥס
ɷб𡣾֪бһ죬Ԫû뵽ԼﾹȻѹ


362 һ
Ԫ˹żҡ˼һ㣬ʧˣԪͻȥ
Ҫȥ죬Ѱ֮⻪гһ졣
Ԫܾ뿪⻪ƻúܣҪ֪ɱ˻żңڹż˵һѡԪܿ鷢
Ԫ
ڿʼڹżҡǻҡżҷֺȥ죬ȡ֮𣬾ͻʱһǰɽ磡
Ԫ˿ǰһɫӡ
ɫӣ˵ͷһѹټϹͨŷ˵ˣӦÿԶԸ
ȻԪһֱžӶȥûк͹żҵΪҲ֪뿪˹żҡ
һ·ӣֱ񷾡ͷȥܿ죬һ˼ԪǰԽԽСԽԽСԭӴֺĹżңԪУҲһĴС
һƴԪƮƣʤɾԪ۾ƾԼ崩ذƣһ·ʾͷȥʾͷԶԪٶҲڲϵķš
һʱ䣬Ԫ˵㣬һ·ãã֮Уǰ磬Ҳһӱû谵ǵ粻ԶȥԪӰͬһС㣬ããдţ⣬һƬ谵һſŷǣҲǲϴԪ
ԪϷţ
һ죬ʾͷһˣ
磬ֻǧС֮еһ֮Ϊ棬ֻǧСѡǧС֮ϣŵľǾ죬ȹ죬ɽ磡
ԪٶȺܿ죬ó˹⡣һ˸׽ǣȴǸ죡
ӵ磬һľʵ̫Զ̫ԶûоԵٶȣһҲ޷ϵһ졣
ԪǰٶȣҲҪҹķӡ
Ҳ֪˶ٻ谵أ˶ٵ䣬ģһ޴ĺĻԪǰ񷣬ΪڵһƬ޴ĺĻסһеһУ·ľͷ
һ޴ĺĻͺһˮϵĺڲһˮڵģǵΪ棬ǧС磡
һ죬ˡ
Ԫ˿ǰһ޴ĺĻҲЩܣôˣ˾죬ɽֽһ
һĻֻһһĺƵӶɵģϷţɢڰϢһһƣ䵽˵һ죬ʱٽ£
оأ֮ڣȽ죬һ죬죬֮ڣͻһѣ٣
٣Ϊһ٣٣٣һһǿᣡһһÿֲһ٣ڵһ֮
Ԫɫء֮ǿ󣬼ֱһٽһǿ߶ɻ𣬾һС磬Ҳ״ݻ٣ԶԿģ
ҽߣӵԵ֮ˡνԵ֮ˣӵơЩ̲Եֵٵ
ӵƣͿԶȹ졣ÿγһҲᷢˡ֧Ų죬ôͼߣҲֻ·һ·ҲΣҲǵ磬һǧС֮Уɵ޼ԭڣΪĺܴʣǷɶ˻ȡ
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ԪԥӰһֱӴһĺƣ˵һ֮ϣ
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363 
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364 ɱ
Ԫۣ˸šٵȻǿֲ˹Щܲס־ʹֱƽδģ
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365 ͷ
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϶Ҫ˸ãô෨ÿ˼һ׬ģ

ʱһһ˹۷׷ס
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ԪӰһŵӶȥ
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һɲǣУȻоŵͬһ£֯һž޴磬ֱԪ˹
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ٵ˶ëȻٶȿ˿Ԫķ
СӾȻ֮Կ٣ⲻŽûˣڣȻͬһСһϵ̨ϣϾͱٺɱһغˣ


368 
Ȼ˶֪ԪͿ£˸ٵһûƵĻκһ޷ܵģ
ʹԪƾȹٵҲͬ޷ȹ٣
ԪٻУſ˵һ߶ǰϲ
ЩߣһԸǧСĶǿߡӵƼӳ֣ϵʵƾƣȴܹ죡
Ԫûƣֻƾͽ˵죬ֱǴǵԿԪٻУܶ˶⣡
ѾԪµĵطϹȥҪûȡǲļڷˡ
ֻǵȴƬ֮ԭſڵϣԪȴͻȻһ£
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жڵµ߶סˡһ˲䣬ЩΪԼĴ
ǿԪٻУΪԪѾˡû뵽ԪȻţ
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Ȼƾȹ٣ֲ̫ˣ
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֪ǲ˴̼ǴߣӵһӴƵĵһˣͻȻ˵죡
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һ˵Ĳ˶ëȻҪ֪ĵһˣƿǳס˰˵ٵȻһҲֵס
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ԪȻֵס٣ǿᵽһֶôֲĳ̶Ȱǿֲ˹ܼ
ǻûмֲ޵
ʵԪһʼĵһ˵Ӧ޼ֻڵһ͵ڶ죬ԪֱӶԿ٣ٵĺɱ֮УʹǿŻǿ
Ȼ˵ֱԿ٣кܴĸȡνƲжɽٷϣ
ߣȴ֪һһһٵϣơƣͻʹʵܵõֳɳǵԪȣŻص⣡
Ԫ̲֮֮ŵĽֱһĵز
һ棬תЩԼһ棬ҲЩע˿ڷ֮У
ԪЩע˰˿ڷ֮ںһõ˿ڷɢ貵Ĺâ
һһڷԪǰХ֮ǷڲȻЩע룬Щڲṹ˾޴ı仯
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ܹԸоⷨı仯
⣬ǷڽҲֲ̫˰ɣ
һһ߶ĿɿڴԭԪ˿ڷѾǿÿˣû뵽ھȻܹõ
˿ڷڷţͻȻյһһ˹赱ȽΪһɢ
ҳΪˣԪ̫ˣԪ̫ˣ
оϲ顣ζΪһû뵽ʵˣ
ҲΪˣǶΪˣ
ܿʣµ߿ڷɽҲǷüɢʾϣ
˿ڷھԪĹ֮ڳΪ
ǲҪ˵̫硣ֻĳΡûг׵ĳ졣ǵĸո۲ãҪ漸ٵĹ̡ԼҲҪڼܸһպܹΪʥҲһ
Ԫ˹
ǡ
ԪĻ˿ڷæӦ
ɱ裬ԪӵķԪ˵ǹͬ˻ЩһΪԼҲޱȵҳϵġԶԶȵġ
ԪʵˣҲϣԼķһΪʥֻԼͬѣͬɳЩܹԶҳԼ


369 ּ
˿޾ܡһֱ޷Ԫƾ̣
ߣҲǼ亱Ķÿһ˶ܹӵСԪɽ֮һһƷ˵ݳֵģʵҪڸƵɽȥ֮ѣ
Ԫ㹻ȷԼʵ
ǰصٹȥ֮󣬵رûٵ֮ء֮УӦиߡ
֮£ǧ磬ӵ磬Щͻ˲ƾ֮󣬱㶼졣
Ȼ˵ܹȹķ֮٣ôڵ֮һвٵˡ
ص֮أƽκٴšԣݡЩݶߵʵ˵˿˵Ժܶ˶ڵиľӭӺ١ԪҪҵ֮ҲǴڵС
Ԫ㾹Ȼȹ٣
Ԫ׼ʱͻȻһ˹Ȼһɷ֮ǰ۶ɣһž޴ĺƣ
һɷ֮䣬һֺ󣬾ͺõض˱֮С
ԪɫһؿźơΪźУܵϤϢ
һϢǻģһϢ޵ģ
Ȼ𽥷ֿ߳һһµӣӵһ˫Ѫɫ˫߳󣬾͸һ˼ĸо
ڵµЩߣһĻһֻĸоΪһӸǵĸоʵ̫ˣһۣ˶Ҫһ㣡
һµĶ֣
˵ʶ
񡣡
ĵԪһҲ⡣
һ߹ǾԲῴԼɽġһûԼɽٷ֮ǰɱԼ
ԪҲȺܾˡ
һɱңҴ⡣һΣҪٲ
һ߳һˣһ˫ۣӺݻǶŮʣ
һ˫ӣҲסԪ
ԪԵ˾ɽ٣ز֪½緢ɡҸ㣬żѾˣ
Ů
ʲô
ŮʵĻԪɫһ䡣˹żô
Ԫһͼͨʵ̫Զˣܲ
ǹżҹԪĴۣѨ
һ죬ʱ֮ڣȻͳһ޴ĺڶڶתţ𽥸ֳһһӰ
Сɣŷˣ˪ؼȵȹż֮ˣ
һһ˷Ѩ֮УȴҲ޷ѡɱᣬȫƿ


Ԫսȭͷû뵽ôɣȻŹżҵвԼ
ڷǡһ֪ۡ
Ԫ˫۳죬ס˻
ҪҷǣҲаԪȽ齻˵
ɫ
ȷǣٽ飡
ԪĿ䡣ɽ֮ΨһܹԿĳ룬ζύȥġ
Сɣŷˣ˪ؼˣҪˣԪҲῴ¡
ͻȻ䣬Ԫʲô˻
ͨأҪͨ졣
ԪȻһЩӰ֮Уû˹ͨĴڡͨΪżҵһˣһԵĲǿߣ˵ȫȰԪֲĸо
ͨ죬ǸһԵˣѾˣҷ𣡡
ʼ硣
ʲô
Ԫ˫Ŀһ·Ҫˡ
ͨΪļѣҲǹСɣŷ˵ĸףżҵļ⻪Ȼɱ
ԪɱӿѪһҪΪԼΪۡ
Ԫûʸ̸Ҫõ飬Ҫһһǰ
һ͵սȭͷʱڷѨ֮ڣһҽд˹ǹż֮ڷ񰧺ţȻǷѨ֮Уʹ࣡Ѩ֮ڣ̲޾Сɵ˱ɽ󣬸޷ѡֻܹƾĥ
ңң
ż֮֮˹һޱȡ˲ܵʹ࣡
磬Ҫǡɱ˻Ϊүү𣡡
Ԫɱ˻񣡲Ҫǣ
һƬʹ຿֮УСɣŷˣ˪Ҳ˹ѾסˣԻ޲ѡڻҪҪЮԪСɵ˵ȻӦԸԼҲԸԪۣ
Ԫɫء⻪ŹżЩʣԪ޷ƽȵ̸СԪһŭݣضס˻񡣶ʱһҲӿ֮У
һؿԪԪϵı顣ȻԪһʹģܺꡣҪɱԪɱԪ֮ǰҪúõķĥԪ
ã
ҴӦ㡣
ԪҧҧڴӦ˻
飬ţ
Ԫ̯һöӨ͸ɢŨȻԪָһͷ˳ȥ˻
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û뵽ԪȻͬˣɫϲû뵽ԪȻ֮ˣΪССĹżңȻķҲҪˣ
Ȼ֪鵽ʲôãǾɽɾҲ⣬ɼضǳ󣬾㱳ɾҲҪõռΪУ
ɣɣΪһССʲôáҪɽ֮ɽ֮ɽ磡


370 
һץһֳıоʹ˹ϸϸһܣܹԸо̲֮޾Ŀռ䡣һĺ֮Сֺ룬·̫š
ԽԪ֮ǰ̲޷ܡֻǻϸãȴҲ֪á
ȻһƷ
ɵþ̾һ飬ǽ齻죬ͬԼһͣƽơ
ɾڻʱڶԪͻȻָһһӣԭƽͻȻŷĹâһ׽ٺХȻŻһֻն˹ȥ
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Ԫһ
һ׽٣ͺγһ䵶һ㣬ն£ЯķâǺ⣬ҲЩܵһ׽ٵǿͿ£
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һѪѵ˹ѪĽ
ͶŮʶɫ䣬Ҫ֪徭ɾĴ֮ѾӲޱȣƷҲ޷ˡû뵽һи֮Ȼֱ۸жˣǺεǿͿµķâ
Ԫʲôˣɾתͷĸи֮ǿܹиһУ⻪Լԣܣ
ֱи֮Ԫﾫһ

ʱһ⻪է֣ȻХ˳ȥǻֱ۲ƶϣ͵˹żˣѨ֮УɲܱɱˣԪھҪֱȻ󽫹ż˽ȳ

Լֱ۱קߣŭһһ͵ؼӳֶȥֱ۶ʱһ٣˻

ԪҲһ̤£ǿӳ֮ϣ˻ڰУţضԪͻڽŽĿԣ˻𻨣ɱ棬ɱŰȥǿᣬ׼ǿߣһɱˣҲ̶ǻֱۣ˰Уһʱ֮䣬˭Ҳ޷׶ߣ
٣㣡
һԵĶŮʿԪͻ񽩳ֶһһҧȥȻһץһѪɫֱԪѴâԵһԴ̴еһУⶫŮȫʵ
Ԫȴûпһ⻪ԪϺХ͵ⶫŮն£
һӰ
ӰԪһ֮ѾƷΪַâֱ޿ƥУһХ˶ŮʵѪɫ֮ϣͺиһѣŮΪļƷ˲ƿŽŮʵĲ֮Ҳ˺ѿ鵶ˮ࣬û˿ԥϣ

ⶫŮʷһǰδеź޾Ĳʣ׹ȥʬ壬һ˵ĺ֮ϡһƶȥһǿߣϧԪȴûжֵأһССӰֱһغˣ
֮УǿڽŶԾڵĺ֮£߶ؿšҲǲǿߣԪͻȴһͬϵı΢о
Ҳ֪һǧС磬Ȼôµ
ԪͻɱҲǰϲԪͻϿɶķҪǿܾˣͬھôЩߴ˵ʱرһԪӵôֱ˼ɵѣ
ŮʾԪǰ𣬵ǻȴɫƽⶫŮʵ·粻ⶫŮϲԼԸΪԼһУϧȴʲô֮ˣ£ŮʣҲֻΪѡⶫŮʣٲȻûõļֵ
Ԫͻ񽩳ţһֱֻ˸߿УƾԪͻʱ򣬻ɱŷͻȻ䣬һ£һɫС˳ӭ籩ǣܿͱһž޴ĺɫڣȻԪҧ˹
һźɫĴ죬գеһһ㣡

Ԫɫһ䡣ħѧģû뵽Ҳڸ˻񡣲ȣֱС׼ף
ɱ󣬽ɱ
Ԫһ߿ڷɽХǰδеķâתɱԭ޴ޱȣƿһеĺɫ죬Ԫɱһɱ̼ͻƣʧޣ
ȻԪһɱͷŻХ˹ȥǸͰԵתɱõʱͿռ䶼Ťһ𣬺ϵûвܽɱĶ
ķâХõû˼ѹʱɫһ䣬͵شһ
ɫɶܣ
һʱɫӿ۳һźɫĶƣǰɢɫϢޱȣûκζܹ͸ɫɶһ㣡־ͰԵ޷
䣡
Ԫɱһɢһźɫɶ֮ϣ谭һ£סƬ̣
ʱ¶˵ɫɽɾ촫ڸԼױݻ٣
һɲǣ⻪ɫͽӲˡΪ
ɱͻȻɱŤһȻХȥֱӶ˻ĺɫɶܣŴ͸Ѫīīڵɫ˿УһƬ


371 ˺
Ԫɫһƽȹ֮Ѿԭ߿ڷɽҲԭķɽ
߿ڷɽ͸ֻصԪǰ⻪˸ţʾ˲ʵһһ̵ĺɫѪ
һ㵺ţô˵ʵһ壬ȻԪ͸ˣ
ͷԼ˿ڣ·Щţ
Ԫ㾹Ȼң
ŭŴ죬ٶŤԵ÷һô¶˺ɫɭǳһ˼ħ
ԪȹһһҪɱ㣡ٲ
ŭԪ˶ӰһֻȻԪ
ԵĹƣ޾ķâնҪ˺һ
ŻĹƣԪҲһֻӳһȭͷӭ˻޾ķâһȭ֮Уµ̱
¡
ǿ߾ڰ֮н棬¡һ춼·һƬ𻨱䣬ӵʮĵطžžı֮
Ԫһ֮£йƶҲ˳ȥ
ͨһ˰ĵطַȥʮԶǱޱȣ
Ԫѣһֱ춯ءϣʵʣһԵǴǧ֮⣬ڵĺ֮£һһ߸ܵԪֲʵҲЩսľ
ȻͬǲƾǿߣԪʵЩȴһֱܵĲԪͺҪϹȥһ
ΪԪʵ̫ˣ
ʱ˿̣ԪǾ͸оžһ㣡˵Ƕ֣¾Ԫһܹɱǣ
ٶţ˲ʵ
û뵽ɾİڼôǿʵԪǰȻҲһ
ΨһɵĻᡣɱԪ飡㽫ٲ
ʱһ
öסԪŭڷӿ
ԪڿŻ񣬲Ŀȴǻɱ˸
죬ͽ꺦ѩӰ䣬Ԫ»صɽ磬һǧ򱶳ģ
Ԫŭ
ۻޱȡÿһ˵ĶҪ˶ˣ
ЩǣæһһסˡԪ
ߣ
һߺͲм˹Ӿ֮䷢
Ԫѩ֮ʱӵɾʵȷʵһ֡ڵ㣬̫СҪػɽ磬Ҹ㣬ܣʶ࣬ͽ齻½磬һ½֮֮ӵòٹ⣬Ȼȴȥ
˹
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ĻԪͻȻһЦ
Ϊһ½֮ͳǧС磬鳼Ҳȷʵ
ҿԴӦ㡣ǰԾ
Ԫؿ֪֮ۡھϿһСȻ޷潻֣ǽȴԽйͨ
ߣ
һȻõ춼·һ£
ʶôĶΪĿ۵ģ

һɾǿߣ죬һССķ˽ȻЩ߲֪Ԫʲôˡȴоǿǿɽǿߣ߲ʵĴڰ
ԪȻҺһµĴڽа壡˸о£
Ԫ
Ҳŭ
ʵǿֻҪһڵһ̣;ػɽ磡ʶģ͸
ͻȻһ˸߿աȻ廯һźһźתγһźɫĴ죡
ŴӴޱȣŴ˿¶һһĺɫɢĿ·âȻȻԪ˹ХһƬɱ
ԪҪ㣬㣬ǿʵΪҳ֮·ĵʯ
⻪ȻԪһźɫĴڣ޾֮ҧܽضһ㣡µأ
һӣһµ֮ԪΧסԪڵķԲʮ˼һ㣡
ЩԶҲɪɪΪԸо֮ǿͿ£һһſµĴɵԾԻ֮أ
ԪɫƽޱȡšȵһɴڿҪǰ֮ʱԪͻȻץ˹ȥ
һĳ֣һץס˻촽ԥɴ䣡
أ
أ
Ԫ˫ץס˴죬˰У񷢳˲ʵ˻ʹҪԪȴɲˣҪѳȥȴԪĴץסˣѲȥ
ԪǷŭ⡣ʱԪͻȻɫһ͵һֱӾͽ⻪ĺɫ죬һ˺ˣ
˺
һ촫˹⻪̾ͱԪ˺ѳΪ룡ɫѪҲ׷ӿ˳ͬһһ㣬׷ǺɫѪһߵϣһ嶼һð˵̣ȻȫʴһɭȻİ׹ʬ壡
ܣ
һǿ߾ˣҲǴ󾪡æӴԶţֻǸǿߵĿ¡ȴû뵽µֵز
һιȵĺѪȻ綾մһ£һǿ߾һغˣ


372 ѹ
һ˺˻壬Ѫ׷£ưôһ㡣
Ԫ˸߿УĸһСҲ׷׿˻˺塣
嶼˺룬϶òܹ˰ɡ
ǾΪ⻪˵ʱ˺ѵȻˡ
һʬһֻ֣͵һץס˵棬Ȼһ徹Ȼվ
һҲվһһֱŶԷ˹ȥ
Ծתţ屻˺ѳ룬ȻҲû
һĻֱĿɿڴˡ˺뾹ȻҲˣȴǵһΣ
Ԫվ˸߿УɫҲһû뵽⻪ʵȻɳֵزȻôɱҲɱ
ƺܵʲôԪָ˹ʱһɫ⻪ԶХ͵Ԫ

һۻɢ֮С˶̧ͷԪһڽɫӣΪÿһ˶ܹܵһɫӵǿ
˾Ȼӵһķ
Ԫסٴο˻ֻ뱻˺ѵںɫͷ˿ڡͷϷڳһҺ壬˿֮ϣܿƴһĵطܿں
ؿԪϾǵ顣
ٺ٣Ԫɱҡֻܱɱٺ٣
ЦշϵһѪ죬ԵŤޱȡ
Ԫɫšû뵽쾹Ȼ񡣿϶ķ˲ٵɡ
ΪɱԼ飬ɷѿġ
ԪһץȻ⻪ӿڰγһ޴Ľɫӣ
ɫӣشǧԽԽԽԽһӰǻΧУ
ԪĪܣȴǷЦ
Ԫ˵ɱңɱңԡɱңվҪɱ

ʱԪ͵һӵͷȥ
䣡
Ԫһ֮˻Դϣһ£⻪Դ˲ѿԽԴҲһӱ֮ڣ
ɴ۾ֱֱؿԪȴһЦ⣬
Ԫʵȷʵǿ󣬵ԪζɱԼ
ؿһСһսʵ̫ˡһʵǿĲǿߣһôɱҲɱСǿԿţ־Ķǵĸо
رǽɫһ£ǿߣҲҵ屬ƣʵ̫𺳣̫̼ˣ
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ԪݺһӺ⻪ԴݽȴЦϾǳ顣
Ԫûһ͵ȥ
¡
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ԴҲǳŤˣһ˫۾ͻ棬Ѫ˿ţԪŤЦţ
ɱңɱңٺ٣
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ֻҪͻеǻᡣԪȻǿˣҲʱ̣ʱ򣬻ԳƶϣһٽԪɵ
ڵȴһᣡ
˿һĻǵһԪʵĿãһǿ
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Ԫɫšɱһֵ顣
ȣ
ȣ
Ԫԥ֮ʱĳߣ󣬾Ȼֿʼָˣ

ҪʱԪһȥֱӽ⻪һӴ࣡
ʱԪʲôһ
裡
֪ʲôĹȻӵ˲֮Ԫûôʱ䣬һĵĶ罻裬棡
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ڴʱһɫĹ⻪Х˸߿Уɢǰδе貹â裡
ֺǹâ䣬ְȻ֮ϵĸоȻ͵Ż˹ȥ
ٺ٣ɱңɱңٺ٣
˶裬⻪ЦšЦš
ͻȻ䣬һŴ͵ſȻһھͽ˽ȥ治ϴ
ԪɱңɱңվҪɱ
ʹƬ̺ƺʲô˺͵۴
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ƴײ衣ڣһײ˹
ȻҲһԶԸĶ֣ʱȴûзҧס죬ƾ⻪ôͷҲҡ˿
Ԫ˾죬һƷһ·ΪһǾ޴Ķ£ҪԪ⻪
Ҳ֪Ԫضһ˲ԼΪԪķֳǿʵ϶ᱻԪ
ҧסǲϷŻȥڲ޴ҲǷ䶯չ˶̧ͷŰⳡɶԾ


373 ֮
Ԫ㾹Ȼ˿µķԪ
ڣʹĻ񷢳˻֮Ŀ֮û뵽ȻҲбɵһ죡
һ׽˹ǻһһ㱻š
⻪ķҲǼ侪ˣײ裬õ
ԪؿһУʵ⻪Ӧû⡣Ԫ˸߿һֱֻۡ
ֱһѨż˶˷Ѩ֮ڣԪҪȥż˸Ӫȳ

Ԫһˢһ£һֱֻԪХ˹
ԪһץҪסֱֻۣȻ󽫹ż˸Ӫȳ
ԪҲ㲻úûұ
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һֱֻ͵رƿһɷڱŷˡһǿƵԪˣõʱռ䶼һŤ
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Ԫɫ䡣Ҫ֪ż˿ɶֱ֮ڰҪͻȻ䱬ˣǹż˶Ҫ군ˣ
Сɣŷˣ
ԪæӶϣնѾһźɷסˣûпһӰ
Ԫһʱ䱻۾ֱ۱֮󣬹ż˶ܷ˳ȥ˷ĲҽУƿˣʬΣѪĽȾƬգ
һУԪ˫۳졣żѾһͨ죬ҪǹСɣŷ˶£ǹżҾͳ군ˣһжǰݻͣ

Ԫŭ͵һһģǰĺƿʱһӰǰԪæһ§Ůӱ˻ִǷһ˵ζҲ˱Ƕ
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ԪֻܱŻŮ˻£һֻ˾Ȼ˪
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Ԫһû뵽˪Ҳڹż֮СʱԪĻɫ԰ףȻ˹ȥ
ˣ˪ֻһͨˣǱǰյķѨ֮У־ⳡƣһŮôܳܵס
Ԫһַ⻬ϣһӿ˽ȥڹż˶֪ɢ䵽ȥˣԪܾȳһһ
˪ѡ˪ѹ
Ԫ˻ߣ
ԪǶˣż˶ˣ֪ҵʹ˰ɣҾҲҪ㲻ùҾҲҪᣡ
ڴ˻Ц֮
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Ԫתͷȥﾡŭɱ
ɱ˹ͨ죬ھȻֺԼŮˣ
ԭһʹʹû뵽㾹Ȼôʶôھ㳢ζ
Ԫһӣ͵ϣһû˽ȥֱӽڣһס˻壡
㲻ǲ֮ǺãҾڲܲʹ֮࣡ţ
ԪŭһͻȻһɽӿڡһӻûСŻ˹ȥһǰδеֲϢҲǽס

һֲȻ˹ǻ
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֮һõУͨС
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ֻ⻪ʵ̫ˣõ֮ţ޷йеķŭ

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ʹʶʹȫָʹľʹͣϢʹ裬ӡģ
ԪҴˣ㣬ɱҰɣԪ㣬ɱң
ܰҴˣԪ㣬ɱң
˻ôҲ벻ʱ侹Ȼʹ࣡
ԪɫһӱüҰȻȹ٣ˡóȻ˵֮ţСΪҲ޷ģֿ֮µҪﵽ׼˵ʵܹʩչÿһʩչ˵һ˺
Ԫ۾ţȴãɫŻָɫʱԱߣ˪Ҳ۾
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˪ӣԪ¶ãȻ飬ȻͻȻһԪĻסԪ
磬ˣ
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ڹżҴԺԪ˭֪ȴͻȻһյ磬ɭɭһƬޱȣǵüΣΪԼˣû뵽ڻܹ»ʱԪһֽٺĸо
ԣ£ڣûˡ
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Ԫ§ס˪˺þã˪ƽỨӿʪ˾µӣ˵
˪ǻˡǹСɣŷˣأ
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ѵǶ𣿲ܣԲܣԪ˫۳ţ޷һпʵ


374 
ˣôȫûΪķ찡
ǰôܶȹ٣ˣˣ˾ҲԶ㲻ٵģ
ˣˣϧôƯŮ˰һˣ

Ԫ˪ʱһһ˹֮У˶ǲǿߣȴȥ죡һ˾Ȼڵ죬ⲻҪ֪ڵ٣ǿԵģһûκܹܵס
˪ģﶼǷͬôˮһƯŮˣϧת۾ҪٺˣǱﰡ
ȻƬ֮˪ͷкֶϷγһľף
䣡
һ쳹õն·Щˣ

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ᡣ
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ԭû˪˪Ȼ˾죬һҪ˪İȫ
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ʲô
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ֲľ죬˪ȫ֪ǺãֻԪ۾һץסԪֻ֡Ԫܹȫк̤ʵС
ͻȻ䣬Ԫһɽӿڡ˪ֻһɵϮæҪȴԪסˣ
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ԪһٶһƣǹۻĽӿ˪ڡ
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ɱ󣡡
Ԫһ߿ڷɽХ˪ΧŰΧ˪У⻪˸ޱȣ
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ƽ֮أû٣߿ɲ١ԪҪ߿ڷɽ˪һӦûκܹ˺˪ֺ
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߿ڷɽӦһ貵Ĺ⻪ɽ֮˸ʾϺͰԵ
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йСɣŷ׹˵죬Ԫ뽫ǴУ
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ϣǵһЩĻʵܳܵסǿٵģ
Ԫҧһ·šʶӿ˷ԲʮĵطŹСɺ͹ŷ˿ܴڵϢ


375 С
죬һƬ谵һƬ֮ϣСһãȻվţһ޼ʵĺڰͱ䣬ɪɪĸо
һѨ֮ͱһɴ˳ûκεķӦᡣ
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һʸһ߾ȥ

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޷ܵ飡
Сɣˣǲ
Ԫ


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377 ȳС
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ԪһĿ˹СϣϸϸͻȻƺʲôӿֳϲ顣
Сɣ㣬ҵĺӣ
Ԫ
ʲô
СҲ̧ͷԪһ㵺šôͻȻԪĺأ
һǵģûдתҵĶȻҲˡһƣСģ̫ˣСɣҿû£Ȼһʬ
ԪٴνСɱסˡû뵽ν֮УȻԼһӡһµ
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Сһᶼˡû뵽Լʧȥô֮쾹ȻһΪһϣ
СɣһɽȥġͺԶҡ
Ԫס˹СɡûףڹСɻԼĺӣԪһҪõ
ԪһСԱߣСߵΣѾ׽ˡǰ˸߱Ԫ˶֮ѾоԪĿ¡ʱ˿̣ﻹҶȥֻԪ͹С۵ʱȥ
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Ԫһȴ˹õ˸ŷɥæһ·ӣ
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һΪ׵̵ıɱˣ߸ëȻӼӿܵٶȣ
ǵһһִԪ﷢ÿһ֣̲ſۻһ䵽һߵϣһ߸޷ֵһӾͻ˲屬ƿһغ
ЩߣȻҴСɵ⣬ֱǸǧУٴҪ֪СɿɻԼĺӣЩҪɱǾһʬðԼŮ˵ˣֻ·һ
뵽Ԫɫ
ڵʵǿѾ׼˵ĵزһһɱ˵Ϸ
һһ͸ȥõЩ߸޷ֵֻһһ֮쳹ЩȺͷ­ƣȫһغ
ֻһһͷʬ壬׷£쾡ЩѪĩƮţ
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ŷҲûͻƲƾ簡Ҫٽһܲסģ
СѾʧȥүүɲʧȥΨһˣ
磬ǿȥҽɡ磡
СסԪ֣ʹҡţӿ˳
ԣСɣһὫһġҪȥ
ԪһѽСɱȻֱŵӶȥ
Сܹ֮⣬ΪԼĺӣӵơǹŷأ
ڹŷ˵ԪѾĴ㡣Ͼ֮ǿ󣬾ǹŷҲ޷ֵܵģ
ڻȽСɴȥɡܾȻһһˡ
ԪŹСһ·ӣܿ˵죬ַ˪ڵλøȥ
һƬããأ߿ڷɽ˸߿գ˪Сޱȣ˸ȥð
ԪŹС˪ǰȴ˪⻪˸¶ϡһĻԪҲ΢΢ȡҲûж˵ֱӽСɷ߿ڷɽĽ֮У
Сɣһ¡Һܿͻ
Ҳ˲ú͹Сɶ˵ˣԪתŵ챼Ӷȥ
ʱѾȥôã֪ŷ˵ôˣ
Ԫһ·ӣʶҲͬһ㳱ӿ˷ԲʮĵطһһɨţѰŹŷ˵䡣
ӿʼڣѾȥ˲ٵʱˡٿҲѾ
ˣԸ漣ɣ
ԪҧǰӡͻȻ䣬Ųһ˺֮ϡǰһӰ
һӵʬ壬ֻ˰أŹżҵ·ϤԪ˹ȥһ塣
֣û뵽Ҳˡģһһָʵﵽ֮һὫ㸴ġҲһֻ
Ԫսȭͷؼ¾綼ûдﵽôܶȹءʵڲԪϡ
ԪٶһǰӶȥ˷ѰŹŷ˵һ·ϣҲϽЩںµץѯŹŷ˵䡣
һ·ѯ֪˶áڴһߵʵ˹ŷ˵䡣
ͣһ߹ʵŮǱȥˣ
һ߲ΡΡָǰһԪһɿ֣ǰķӶȥ
ѯôã˹ŷ˵Ϣˣǧ֧ס
Ԫһ磬ٶȿĿϾӡֻں֮ϣһ⻪̼ûӰûټ
ʶҲǷӿŹŷ˵ϢƺŵʲôԪɫԽԽѿˡ


378 ŷ
һڰ޷ĵطԪŲͣؿǰһСе㲻Լ۾
ŵĿռ䣬һˡҲûӰһƬ˼һ㡣
ԪǰƮһ·ƬɢŵâŴ۵Ѫգǹŷ˵ġ
Ԫʶӿһһš̾˿¶˱ɫ
ŷ˵ϢȷʵʧģĿвŵϢһƬطովһ٣
һεٻǿ
ŷֻ¾ǿߣûͻƲƣҲûơԹŷ˵ʵܳ١
һ޷ܵסôӭֻ·һһӵƵĲǿߣ޷ֵƣο¾Ĺŷأ
ԪЩƬÿһƬ鲼ϣ·Źŷ˵ϢԪֶЩ

Ԫ̧ͷ񷣬ԸҲšӿʼʶŷˣڣһô顣Ȼŷ˶Լ䲻Ǳ˴֮䣬ҲӦиİɡ
ڡ
֪ŷ˺Ԫĺʹ
ԪӲ֪ԹСɡүүˣڽҲˣùСһôȥ
˵ľ޴ʹ
ԪݺݵĽȭͷսгܵһУҪֻ
Ԫһʶӿٶʶһһ飬ǻûзֹŷ˵κϢҲǴﳹʧġ
ʧ䣬ʧӿԪͷ
һʱԪŶŵ˹ȥ
ڣСɺ˪߿ڷɽı֮¡˶ǽ
˪Ϲ⻪˸˵ϡտʼӿڵʱǲ
ģȻЩϰˡָ֮䣬һĵâתţࣵ졣
Ԫ˪͹Сɵǰ߽֪ô͹С˵顣
ԪĽŲС
磡
Сϲ˹סԪȻ˿Աߣƺʲôš
أ磬ء
СԪ֡
Сɣ
ԪԭҪƽú͹Сȥ˵飬ǵͷС˸ỨԪ;һʹ
ԪСӵ˻û˵⶯飬ȴѾ˵һУ
£һҡһ»ġ
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СһһԵ˵ϡӿ˳ؿãȻ硣
·𿴵˴ǰһУСĵεΣԼߵˣչԼϧԼ۰Լˣȴ뿪ԼԼģҲΨһĽ㣬СɲԸϢ
Сû˵ֻȴƲסĻӿһӽž˫״ʪˡ
ԪҲ֪ôֻܹס˹Сɣ
ȻԪ˵ԺḴǣܹô׵鰡Ҫ֪ӰҲûиҪ˵ɽ绹ôѹصǣ

˺һСɲƽԪ߿ڷɽ֮ڣ˪Ҳӣʱһ˫ȴеâ˸š˪ģԪ΢΢ľ
ô죿硣ǽôߣ
˪Ԫ
ǰԪһ᲻ãǱϾֻͨͨķˣҲֹˡ
Ҳ˾죬ζԪˡҪԪһ
磬ûүүͽ㣬Ҳʧȥ㡣
СɱסԪ֣Ԫϣỹӿ˪óֽš飬˪Ҳ֪ΰο
ԪСɺ˪˻񷡣
Сɺ͹ŷ˹Ϊʵûơǵʵǲܶȹٵġ
ڣȴǴûбİ취ԪֻôŹСɺ͹ŷ˼ȥˡȻһ·ܼѺܼҲκˡ
ԪͷѾ˲٣ֻ֧Լȹž١Һļ٣仯ˣʱձãԪܱ֤ʱڹСɹŷ˵ԡ
Сɺ͹ŷԪһҪŷģΪھط½磬ҪĴҲ䰺󡣸οСɻԼĺӡ
Сͷƣɽٷĸ΢һЩ˪ûƼӳ֣Ҫڵ죡
Ԫ˿Χããأһ޼ʡҲᷨĶˡ
ȻȲƣȫһơһٽЩֵȥԻ١˪͹СɶҪЩ磡
ߣСɣ˪²˳٣϶Ѱҷʹ֮𣡡
Ԫɫ
á
Сɺ˪Ҳվʱ֮ڣһжֻԪĻˡ
Ԫ߿ڷɽŹСɺ˪ǰȥ֮أһƬƽΪ֮УɽӺܽڵ˵Ũޱȡ죬Ҳһ޴ı⡣ݣиָĿʯ
ԪҪѰҵ֮𣬾ʹһʯʯ֮СЩʯǴ취ľƷԭϣ
ԪŹС˷ǰţǰһɱ֮˹
վסվס
ܣ֮ݸҽ

һһ˹ű֮Ԫ͹СԽԽԽԽԪɫһվ˰Уס˹Сɺ˪ǰΪǰһɱѾ˱ˣ


379 ֮
һȺʲô֮ݵߣһǰǱӴţһɫĲݣѪĸںšһڿڷɽݺᣬǰһߺХ˵硣
ǰһ֧ܵԪʮԶͨһԵ˵ϣ˹ȥ
ʱĿڷɽХ˹Ȼһϣ
˺
˺
һɹѪոȾˡһһӾͱķ˿֫ͷ­Ĵ˳ȥ
ܿĸ߾æȥݴߵ˹һһ¶˵顣
ٺ٣֮ݣǱ˵˿ڶԿˡһܰ
ĸ¶顣Ȼ̧ͷĿһԪϡ
ţ
ĿԪʱһסˡرǿԪԵŮκ;µһӱס
࣡
࣡
ĸ˿ڿˮȻһɫϾͽԪ˸Χס
Ԫüͷһ壬ûд˵ע⣬û뵽ĸʶôĶȻԼˣ
Сɺ˪Ԫ˿ĸȻԪ㲻ʲôȴԾǲƾǿߣСɺ˪ڻǵĶ֡
ٺ٣С޸ǳŮ˽˾ͷһ
ĸ֮УΪһϴؿԪ
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ԪΪݡΪܹԸо̲ŵ޾ȻѰݡ
֮ݰ
ΪϴɫݣһζĿԪ
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Ԫ˹
ʲô
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СӲǰɣȻҲǲŹ㣡ֵǣϣ
Ϊϴһһ˲䣬͵һֱԪ˹ȥһ˸貵Ĺ⻪ܣֱӺԪ
޾ɱԪΧȥ
ǿĸˣȹ˵٣ÿһֺʵһһģƾĸ˵ʵҪԪʵɲˣ
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Ʒ˳ֱϣ
ž
ֻһ˹Ϻ͵ڿжסһ£Ȼͨ͵˵ϣԴֱӴӲϹ˳ȥ
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һĻΪһ
Ҫ֪˿ǶȹٵģʵǿޱȣǰСӵǰȻһҲֵס
ʱٿԪȴԪ˶͸©һ˵ϰһ֮󣬾ͻ屬ѿһ㣡
Ϊ߲ɵù๾˿ڿˮȻת·ӣ
ʵ˿£һƶߣοأ
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ĸߵΪȻҪԪ鷳ǲ֪ߵغĵ䷶
ԪһӣһϾͽĸϵķȫ˹
ĿڷɽȫƷвٵƷƷ
ЩɢžĹһͲǷƷ
Ԫӻóŷ͵ЩɽһͿĨ㽫Щʶȫɾ
˪ѪЩȻ󽫷ڿУ۳һƣ
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ԪƣӴޱȣСɻԼĺӣҲͬӵһơ˪Ͳһˣ
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ⷨƵܹ˪İȫ

˪˵ͷһ㿪ʼЩˡ
ȻԪһץһʲô֮ݾԪУԪϸϸӴ
һʲô֮ݣܹĸߵķᣬȻͲʲôѰ֮
Ԫϸϸһ֮¶ϲ顣
֮ݣӦ˵˿ڵġҶڽкܴĹá
ĻҲҲǰᡣ
Ԫ⼸ɨϾͲӵһ֮ݡ֮ݻϡСһĶ
ԪûбˣǲҪ֮ݡ˪͹СڻŲٵĽ֮ݣǿ԰Ȼٵʵ
ߣҸط£
Ԫס֮ݣâ˸ţܿһŹСɺ˪һط
Ԫʶӿ˷Բʮĵطв˶ƺ֮ݡ
Ҳѹ֣֮ݿĴˣֿʼʵѵõݡЩ˵ȻǼҪúܣ
Ԫ󣬹Сɺ˪վԣ˪ѾЩˣһƯͷһнԵֵһ¡ȻЩģٵóǧķſƣ
˪ĬĬЩ֮УԼʵ͵ġΪ˲Ԫֶ
СԱߣؿԪĶֻԪӻȡһӣɢžӨ͸Ĺһֺ󣬾͸һĸо


380 
Ԫܹо֮ݵķͬѰ죬ΪҪһݡ
Ԫȡ飬ʢҺ壬ԪϾͽҺ˽֮ݵĸ
˪͹СԱ߾ţȫ֪Ԫʲôܿ죬Ǳ㷢ǽ֮ݾȻʼĳ˻Ȼ󿪻γһӡ
֮ϣɢŨ
⡭
ֳٶȣ˪͹СɻûпһӾ;ˡӣȵ˵ǻûпĶأ
ͽ顣ԿٷֲݡЩǽ֮ӣϰٿšҽ֮ӱ֮ڽ֮ݱйá˪СɣǸһöԿ֮ӵô
Ԫ˪͹Сɡ
á
˪͹СɴӸղŵзӦ˹˵ͷæԪнӹ˽֮ӣϸСӣƹһĴСܹԸо̲ŵۻ
˪͹Сɻһۣӷȥ۾
⽫̷ȥ֮ϱһı仯ϷԭϻĽûüһ֮ӵϢ˲ͻ˹ȵˮ˵ļѪһһģѸٵı仯ţԼµٶȸı˵ǡȣȣǵǶȵĻ
һۻԵҲǵ˫˫ȭ֮С
ر˪Ȼϵâ˸
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һ㵹Ԫ֮С
֮ݴھ֮Уɽֻһ֮ң˵ȻҲ޾
Ҳã˪͹Сʵ̫ͣЩ֮ʵҲǺõġ
˪Сɣ˾ﾡý֮ӣʵ
ԪٴתǰĽ֮ϡЩҺĽ֮ӣϾͲļһѿ˳ϵ
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ܿ·һһӰԪڵķ˹Щŵ˽֮ϢߣԽԽ࣬飬ǽŲҲԽԽ
Ԫ΢΢һЦﰲŽ֮ݡ
֮ݶЩߵòԶһˣԴʵûһ˲ҪԪЩ֮ݣҪЩ߹Ȼһʯ
ãã޾ֺޱȣԪҪߵͷҲҪʱ䡣Ҫôĵطƾһ˵Ѱҵ֮Կʯ̸סԪ˵ܹʱҵԼҪҵĶ
ȻƬ̺Ԫڵĵطͱ߸ΧסӸһɱŭæ˹õԪڵĵطһӳΪʸ֮ģ
ôߵıĿ֮£˪͹СЩΪǸоЩɱˣ
£ֻܰ
Ԫƽ˹ǣ˪͹СæԪԱߣͺһɽǸоİȫ̤ʵо
ȻԪŽ֮ݣһһɫŨţɢȻЩǶǳЩ֮ݶģ
Щ֮ݲӡһĻĻչ֮죬һĻ˶ɴ۾·𲻸һУ
Ҫ֪֮ϡҪԭ򣬾Ϊ֮ݼû뵽ڴǰ֮ݾȻһһ꣬һһȻǧö֮ˣͺž²һ㣬ɣ
ĿⶼԪЩ֮֮ϣΪǸоԪĲ򵥡Ž֮ӣﶼ¶ȵĹâ
ʱԪվϵĻҳ
Ҫ֮ӣϵķһƷһöӡԽãԽࡣУʯҲҶһرԵʯ
Ԫƽص
ڣҲвٵʯҪȫõˣܹЩȫùڹСɺ˪ͻкܴ洦
һöһ
ǰгǧʤӣǵķҪȥˣ
ǻô˻´򲻹
ģӦʵǿһְҪӿûôף

ԪĻһ˵ΧЩ֮Уһһ۵˹ԪҪЩ֮ݻȡʯҲɵӡ֮ݿ԰ʵǷҲͬǾĶóȥԸˣĿԪϣȻǴǿȡˣϾǿȡֱֱӵķ
ߣұҪ֮ӣҺΣ
ʱһͬһȻʲôڶըһ㣬õò˷׷ס˶䣬ɫ䡣Զֻһʮ׵Ŀ˹޴һһ̤õض
һɽÿһһѹȡһ˶оЩ
죬һԾߣ磬˼ʢ˵ĵط


381 
ǧС磬治Сһÿһ˶ӴޱȣһǾްԣվͺһɽһߣأӴ߹һǰδеѹȸо񷶼Ҫ̮һ㣡
۾ӴޱȣͬһСõԪǰĽ֮ӣɢ̰Ŀ⡣Щ֮Ѿ֮һ㣡
һһֺæ׷׶㿪õһߡΪÿһ˶оһʵĿºǿᣡ
һԶԸĽɫһƾͽĸǿ߸ˣû˸ҺͱԣͱԣǾ
ɢȥ֮Ŀ׷Ԫϡ
һ֮ӵĲ֪֣һǾľްԱ죬ҪǴǸ֮ӵĻᣡ
һĿ˸ȻҪôʱȡˡһһϵķ˳˸߿գ˸貵Ĺ⻪һתʱǵϣ֮ܶӵСӵĶ֣˱죬ǳҲһЩˣ
ԪɫһƽؿǰһȻﱼ죡
Ԫ֪ﶵ۽֮ݣ϶õò˴еĽ֮ݡ
ԪҪһˣһĶɱ
һʵǿӦÿԶԸʮǿߣѾǼǿˡÿԸԪɱ˱죬˶֪Լ
㣬ʶģ͸ҽ֮ȫұ㲻
ⱼһ̤õһƬضɽҡָҲָԪıӣһ߸ϵ飡
޴ţᣬôС⻪תţʾ˿µܣ
ȻһƷ
Ԫâ˸ţȻһץȻһУ
ٸǰ֮أ
Ԫһסһֱһ֡

ԪĻһ˱ȴǷЦһǰδеЦһ㡣
ӲҪǰҪʮҪɱ㣡
ⱼЦЦͬһ㣬ΧһƬԱߵæһһס˶䡣ΪǸ޷ܵסⱼ˻֮
һ
ԪĬĬ̧

ǱЦøӵ

̤֮˫ֲЦؿԪƺҪԪôߵһɽʱԪǰͺһСȫһ΢ٱ΢
ʱԪȻһֱ֣Ӿⱼ˹
ɫһĹ⻪ƿն£һ˲䣬еʱͿռ䶼ֹˣ
ǱŵһӽӲסˣʱȻʶһ㡣ŭһֻ޴ޱȵæӭȥ
䣡
ǵʯķһԪⱼľ޴֮ϣ𻨱ŰϵǣԪһֱӽⱼ˳ȥȻ͵£һֱӽʮ׵Ӵֱƿˣݿ࣡
ֻһɫĹ⻪ӱмһһ˺ѵ˹Ѫ׷ɣ
ⱼɴ۾Ԫһʺŵɫ
ǾĵһžˣҲͬȲǿ֮޵еĴڣǣСӵǰȻһҲûнӵס
ͨ
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ԪʵǿͿ£춼㲻һС˭ҹȥ֮Ӱȫ
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Ԫ¶Ц⡣ƷԸ˪ķһʵˣ
ԪһܿͽƷϵʶȫĨɱɾȻԪ˪
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˪ӦһҧָѪӿ˳֮Сܿͽһ˿صϵȻ˪һǾ޴˸߿У֮ͬǰõ߿ڷɽһ󷨡⻪˸ţʾ˰Եܣ
˶˪ͷķƣ顣
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Сɺ˪ڷţ˵ʵһķ߶ܶ࣬Ҫȹ죬˵ǼѡǴʱҲǰδеĿ̿
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ӵĻ༸Ź⣬Ȼһ˪׷˹ȥôˣһǿҪһŮ˻׵飡


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СȻ񹭣һ

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ҹСɺ͹ŷҪƽȹ죬ֻнƴøӻֺȹ̡ԪӶķӳǵ֮вСԪһ߷ţһ߷ѰţҪȡҲҪɱ죡
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ԪֻһһǰšĿ棬֮ûκܹӳ۾߿ڷɽҲݺύţʱصȴոͺһ߾ħ֮䣡
֮һƬѪκߣصأҲԪķɽ

Сɺ˪ԭؾţԪṩĽ֮ӺȣЩ壬ܿתΪ˵һ⻪ţõԵޱȡ
Ԫṩݣټ˱ֲͣչٶȺܿ졣ر˪Կʵڷɳţһ׿ʯǰȫ˸ɸɾȫת׵֮۽֮ڣ


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á
˪͹Сɵ˵ͷֻ֪зɽ磬пټԪпܼԼˣһҲǼᶨ
磡
һ뵽Ҫֱ𣬿ԶˣСɾһԪĻᶼӿ˳
˪ȻһЩһ˫ӿԪҲǳͲᡣ
ԣҪޣֻʱֿѡȵɽ磬ҽ˷ǣҾͻȥǣԣ
Ԫֱһ¹Сɺ˪Ȼһֱӽŵȥ
磬һҪǣ
Сɴ
Ԫ棬ĬĬؿԽԽߣԽԽСĴ͸Ʋ㣬ʧ֮С

ԭԪֻһ˷ɽģСɣ˪ҲˡȥɽҲãܹӵиԪڹŷˡ
Ԫ˿ããľ죬̾˿֮ϣܲԹŷ˵ʵҪȹ٣ʵ̫ˡֱǲܡôûϢ¹ŷҲϾǿҲûҷ𣬺οŷֻ¾硣
ԪҲǾˣʹֻܰѹ滹вٵԵʯЩʯ֮ڣ̲֮쵤ԭϡҲĿڡ
ҲǸûȥ쵤ˡ
Ԫһ½籼Ӷȥ
һ䵽죬շ٣Щ٣Ԫη塣ϾѾȹ٣Ѳǰģˡ
һ·ӣٴξٵϴ񣬴Ԫ˾¡֮£ãã棬ޱ޼ʣǧСͶãã֮С
Ԫڵ磬ӡ꣬һХóΪһƬɫҶӣһƬɫҶӣ⣬Ư˰֮УһҶһ㣡
Ԫһ䶨һƬɫҶ֮ϣ
ǰ磡
Ԫ֮ϡ
һһ㣬ŵХ˹ȥٶȿãһһҲ޷Ӧ


392 쵤
ұԪʥǰ
ãԪȻ֮Щ֮һ쵤죬֮þͿˣ
ʥ˹˼֮ˮ֮쵤˵ֻСһѣ
áǾһажˣ
Ԫ˱֡ʥһ仰쵤϶ûˡԪתͳұ
ұϾҵĵ̣ԪҲšӰһұҸĵطӶȥ
ûȥڵĵطǸһУ޳ǡҪȥɽģ͵Ů˹ûкôܹΪ飬ѾˡпܷɽĻպɡ
޳ǣԪȺ֮УһʱеĴУ鸴ӡ磬رǻĹôãѾ˸飬ھҪ뿪ﾹȻЩã
ԪһӣһĻĻ棬ڻĹӿĿЩϤˣЩϤĻԺҲ˰ɡ
ϰ壬Է𣿡
Ԫ֪ߵһҾ¥ǰһԱ˹
ҪóԵƲˡرǽϵĲȡ
ԪӦһž¥¥˹ȥһҿλáʱ䣬úϰһ¡˪СɶѾȥɽ磬Ůأ
ʱ䣬Ԫȥһۡѩ꣬꿣ޣǶúðɡԪȥˣҲȥǣϾɷбһ̵Ԫǧֻ꣬˺ͷ֮䣬ԭͲ˫˫ɡҲ֮ǰΪʲôܾЩŮ˵ԭڡ
ϰ壬Ⱥȱɡ
ŮķԱһԪǰ豭Ԫӹ˲豭һڣֻڵ㡣
Ȼ˿⣬ˮȻطǽǻȴϤСǵ磬һԿƼΪǧС簡
ͻȻ䣬ԪƺʲôĿ˶һСϡ֮ϵƸۡ
ɭꣿ
֣Ԫɫһ˸磬ʱһ۵СŮһһЦԲһ˶ԡ
ĪɭҿĲɣ񰡡Ͼ뽭ôԶ
Ԫҡҡͷ
һܿ͹ڵķˣһ˵ζ˱ǶԪѾˣζȶ̵ס˿ӣϴڴڳϤζζ֪ԺܲܳԵ
Ԫһߴţһ߿ŴĽֵţţƺʲô¶Ц⡣ֻڽһȺУСŮɭŷ˹ȥ
ɭȵǣɭ
һβͱӵСŮǰţͬСŮں׷šһɭȻɭҲġβĿɰСŮɭ
ᣬૣǿġүүӺ˱ǳԣˣ㰡
ǰľСŮͣ˵ſڣæкȺСҡֵʱĿͻȻ˶Ĵ˿Ԫķ򣬵ȴûʲôתͷȥˡһӣôˮˡɭˣ϶һ˰ɣ
һɭ⼸СŮ˷꣬һȺСŮ߸˵ģһȺһ㡣Ļ棬˾쳣͡
ԪŻһЦ磬Ӵĵһ˾ŷ۵ĿɰСŮɭû뵽Ҫ뿪磬ҲǼɭԵ
ԪûйȥɭүүóһүӦùò
ԪŻ˰СʱŽ˳꣬Ȼ򵥳ȥˡ˴ϣʵĿֵԪԵĸп
ǧС磬ÿһ磬ԼԼĹ¡ɽʱΪ˺ӰأԵõ֮󣬲ŲһеҪ׷Ѱ֮û뵽ȴɱ
ʵϸ룬ԪͬϵЩͨˣһӣһ꣬ѾĪҸˡһܹԸҪʲôɾֻҪܹӰһ
ӰңһɽѰ
Ԫ̧ͷ񷡣һƬգ޾ϣһ㡣õԪԡС⣬Ӱ֣ڸԪԪоǰδе׽صСʱ򣬻صһƬѩأӰ߹֡
Ԫ۾á
һĻĻԺӰʶ֪ٵమһĻһĻԪ磬޲򣬾ͳһƬӰ֮һ㡣һжԵôãů˵ġ
ԪҲ֪ϣһĻһᵽ
ԪһƬλõ֮Уһ֮ʱͻȻһĻӰͷ£һסһ㣬õΧһƬڶ֮У
һĻӰֱǰõԪԪһ۾ϸȥȴͷ֮ϣգǬûаı仯ҲַǷûпղһĻĴڣ
ѵǻþ
ԪüͷΪԼ̫Բ˻þ̧ȾǰȥһȴԼ˫źεر˵һ㣬Ȼã
һɴ˫ŴԼ˵һ㡣ԪٶһҪѣû뵽һĪӴ˼ԪƾԪôҲѲˣ
ԪɫһӱˡΪоһ·ܹӵеģ


393 Ӱͨ
ɽ硣һֺ޴Ĺ֮ϣվˡһһµӣ֣վ˸߿У֮ĸо˱ǵ걳Ԫ֮ˣ죡һܣ
ǰһź֣ŵɷ֮ź֮УһӰȴͬӰһϡһ˫۾¶Ļ֪һˣ
ӰӰͨܿԪ𣿡
ӰħһܣרԸ½Ԫ
Ͻ½֮䣬ž죬ǿͬ죬Ҳ޷½֮С
ԭҪ֣֮ɱԪȻġû뵽⻪ôãȻԪɱˣ
û취ֻħԮˡ
ħ֮УӵһħӰͨһֺڰԴ͸죬˵Ӱӣ
첻ܹĿԪɽ硣ȻڵѾһɾɽһһǿߡɽ粢ȫȫƿء
һԪصɽ磬ʱɽɾ¶ע⡣
˵һϢ
ԪɱΪԪصɽ磬ҲֻһһƷˣɾʵҪɱԪ׾١
ֻ¾ԪʱˣУ齻ɾ˵һ޴ˣԱ֤ڶɾ֮Уռ飡
½磬ԪԱԼƵʱ̣ɱԪ顣
Ӱͨħʮڰ֮һҪԸһССķˣ׾١
һź֮УһɳƲм˹ȻһɫХֱ½ȥ

½磬Ĺ޳ǡԪҪǰȥȴ˫Ⱥʲôסһ㣬Ȼα˵ϣá
ԪɫһûͷһȴԼӰӲ֪ʱȻСΪһС㣬Լ˫š
⡭
Ԫɫһ䡣ΪһӰ֮Уоһֿµĺڰһ͸õ֫嶼Щľ
Ӱͨ
Ԫһ亹̧ͷ񷡣Ʋ
û뵽쾹ȻڰֺڰҪķΪʩչһΣʩչ𺦰ԪȻɱһǧ˰ٵĺڰ죬ǷҪɱԼɣ
Ԫҧھɽ磬ֻһˣɲܾһ񣬶Լ⣬Ȼħ֮˸ԼӰӣ
ӰӣһֵĶںܶĿƼӰӵ֮µͶӰ
Ԫ֪ʵ
û⣬ҲӰӵģ
ӰӰӰӾ˵֮档棬ͺ˵֮һӰ档˵ҡ
ֻӰ¹⣬ԲŻ֮£ں档
ӰӵĹ֮ʤɽ磬оӰӵ˸ȴֻħ֮˲ܹӰӵĲٿ֮쾡¡
ΪӰ֮Уźڰħϧ֦ͬʲôӰģӰӶɱӰͨһ֡
ڣҪħӰͨԼȻɱԼˣ
ɶ
ԪԼһССӰӸɱˣǾЦˣ
ԪʹӿԪĶӰ֮ڵĺڰɷҲǷ͸Ԫ֮УֱɭȻԪľ񾭣õԪ¶ûһ㣡

Ԫҧź
ԭҪɽٷɲܹһʱ̡
Ԫź嶼ˣԪһﶯţŹ֣׷׿˹ɫź档
񾭲
һŮ˿Ԫһ۵ȻԪԲȥ˿ԪһվŲߣ񾭳ˣ
Ԫ̧ţһžͺǧһ㣬һֻεԼԪ̧
ֻһɫӰԪʹ֮䣡Ԫ
Ԫһ亹ð˳ӶŤšȻһ£һֽ̧
ӰӰ棬͸ԪڣõԪÿһԵޱȵļѡ֮ھ֮ڣҪʮ
Ԫһ·ֵţڵҲǷӿǺڰɷſ⡣
·һһĿԪϣԪֻú治ѡΪǿԪһˣô·ôء
Ԫ·Ϻˮ׷׹һӽ·ʪһ͸
ÿһѣʱ̶Ҫεڵһ㣬һɾ޴֧ɺڰŶ
ӰͨǿּǺڰãõԪĽǼ⣬ľʣûһ£ȴǰ˲ʮ򱶣
ƣ
Ԫǰδеƣ
ƣκһսҪࡣ˿ֻڷ񾭲ֻּܹ֪ľ޴󸺵Ҳľ޴ѹȣһǰţÿһõķѪ
ԪһŬ£ڵĺڰɱϱųģӰҲԪڡڰӰȴȫģקסԪ˫ţϷſѰžĻᣡ
㳦
ʱԪһ͵طԾͬʱһ㳦ХȻն£һĹ⻪պôԪŵײֱӽӰӺԪ׷ָ˿
ת˲֮䣬ӰӾͳʧ˵˻ĲҽӰ
ԪٴµʱһѣֻýƣߣһڣͨԵ˹ȥ
ԣǲ滹Ǻ棬ȻûӰӵĴڣ


ɽ磬޴Ĺ֮ϣǰĹӰͻȻһĲҽƶ˺ѿˣ
Ȼ͵һ鴤Ȼһ̳ɢˣ
ʲô
쿴һĻɫ䡣ЩӦ
ղſŹӰö˶˵ĶԸԪʤȯյģôͻȻֱʣ
ʶӿһɨȻֹӰѾҷˣˣ
⡭
һӰͨӰͨħ֮£ΨһһӰݺϽǧСˡǣȻˣ
ôħ
ӰӰͨǽӰӣԼȥԪսⱻԪжشȻɢڹӰˣ죬޷ħ
Ԫ
ȭͷս˿ɽսʱûɱԪû뵽ڣɾʵɱԪһССķ˾ȻҲѣ
šԭҪ½ʱ򣬾ͽԪɱˣȻ飬һЩ鷳û뵽ʲôֶΣɱԪֻܵȵԪɽ磬Ȼɱˣ

ԪԵ˵֮˾˻֮УղӰӵһսķеľ
Ԫûƣֻ˯ȥ
ˣԪԵڵϺָָ㣬ȴûһԪһѡԼ˰СʱԪ۾
ڻǻһתĸо᲻κεԪҧҪվʱĸ˹ԪΧס
Ϊһǹͷ׶ߣһЦؿԪԪԼһһ㡣
ǿ磬СϴŲģǸǮ
ǿ磬ձѣ˭ýǮССӣģģ

һȺ۷׷ףȻǹͷǿһ־Ԫץ˹ץסԪ졣ԪҪǻһ޴Ȼʹκε
ɶ
Ԫҧովһİûлָ˭֪ȴȺСǻƽ


394 ɭ
ƽȮۣ
ԪؿͷӣڻáһСȴ˿¡
ϣԭǸͷ
һԪ֮ͷзԪȻûаģɵЦԪǸİףֻʹԪ⡣û뵽Ԫһ㷴ûУһӣͷǿ͸ӵˡ
Ƭطҹͷǿĵ̣ˣ͵ý֪𣿡
ͷеԪ
ÿ
Ԫ³һ䡣ЩһĶԣԪҲû뵽Լ䵽ֵزһֻԼȥʵԪˬ
ͷǿȴȫûԪץסԪһӣ˵ַᡣ
涼װɶ򿪿
ͷǿⴢһ󣬾ӸԱһӡӽӹ˴ֵϴ˿ֻںһƬȴʲô
ûôô
һɻ
ѣͲҲпǮ֮ġ
ͷǿɫһһԪ˹ȥЩ޷ˣ컯֮£Ȼǿǿᣡ
Ԫѹһŭ𡣿˵ǷزˬǸովĹȣôܻᱻ⼸ס
⼸ʶôĶԼȥȻָһҪǸۡ
Ԫ䲻ˬԼȥͬʱҲǣԼϵᱻȥͷǿ˸Ԫ飬ԪӷԪȥˡ
壬Ǳߡȥ塣
ʱһ˹ͷǿɫһ䣬æķ򿴹ȥȴڽֽһ۵СŮ˹
죿
һ֣ͷǿɫһ䣬һɣԪ˵ϣ⼸æȾܡû뵽Ȼ˱ǵĺ£ǳıӵˣպһҪ
ܣ
һ׷׷ǹͷǿˣǹͷǿѾԶˣӰ
Ԫ磡
Ԫ磡
ʱɭæ˹סԪԪ巢վվסղűǹͷǿһӣֳһĻңǱޱȡ
ֻȴû뵽ɭʱԼ
ɭżͬѧȥԼ궫󣬾żͬѧ˭֪·ϿԪ۸һĻ
Ԫ簡Щ쵰ô۸
ɭҲһŮûԼȥɳϺ񾯡ԲŻиղһĻ
Ԫ磬ôԪ磬ң
ɭþûԪˣڷԪȴоɭͷЩ
ӡУԪһһٸӢ۰
û¡ϢһͿˡ
Ԫҧ춯õӰͨķԼ޾ľһزԼɭЦЩĻ죬֮Σպˡ
ɭȥϢһ¡
Ԫվסɭļ
Ԫ磬ҪҪҽ
ɭǰӶˣǶ˹û뵽˼ҹԪԪҲǷĹ
ˡ
ԪɭǰšҲĻָֻǸտʼָñȽϻȵ岻ϿָٶȾͻԽԽˡ
ܿԪɭɭ꣬үү˵Ԫˣæӭһ
ԪĻү֪ôԪһǮҲڽȥˣǾ޳һط⡣
˭֪ԽԽүүɭȥѧˡôãû뵽ĶԪԵֱּ
ԪݵĴϣǽڣغţԱɭĶˮ
ȥ˰СʱԪҲָ˲١
Ӱͨǿ£ԼȻƾž޴־ɱ˶Էļƻֺ֢Ԫڶûȫָʵ
ǰԵ˵Ĺֱ֮
⻹Ͻ½ľ룬Ҫ棬ԪܶӰֿͨ¹ĺڰħʵԽԽˣ
ԣɭлл㣬Ԫöˡ
ԪὫɭ§˻
ʱɭһˣ뿪ʱɭүԵ׽͸ġ
ڿɭүúúõģԪҲοޱȡ
ܿүүһӵķ˸ԪԪһӺҲָ˲٣ɭүĵĳšҲǼֺǡ
ɭүүƺǰˣӦæŷ⣬ڲ͵ԭԪĬĬԷ󣬻ص˷óһȡ
ЩȣӦûɭүүЩܶʮɡҲܹĵĿɭˡ
ȻɭүԪҲȥĵطˡ⼸ͺɭǴһ𡣶ɭԪˣ˵ѧУȥˣԪ
ЩɶӢ˵õԪ˼ҹأ
תۼ䣬ʱȥˡԪʵҲָ˲١ɭү֮Ԫ뿪˷ꡣɭȻᣬԪҪߣҲסһֱҪԪԺԪֻܹڿͷǿӦţΪӦĻɭߡ
ʱԪûұϹȥǰ˵ʱǹͷмΧסĵط
Ԫʲôؿˣ˸ʧƵʱȥԪ;ԲöԷù
Ԫʶӿ񸲸޳ǡܿҵǹͷм˵ڡ΢΢һЦֱһ˹ȥ


395 ɽ
ҪҪ
Сһ˹һУŮѧԭȥѧģ˭֪Сӵʱ򣬾ͱһӱסˣ
ͷдĸ죬һЦؿһѧУİ£λô£ܿУֻĹĵáഺƯһֻɿڵζᰡ
ٺ٣Сã¡Źͷ磬֤ԡͷģ
ͷһЦ˹ȥһһŮѧƵ˽
ŮѧŲʮ꣬γһĻŵûţסԼ壬һ
ͷĶҲ˵Լе޳ǿûΪû뵽ھȻԼ
ô찡
Ůѧһؿ˿Χ
ͷǿˮҪˣҪһ۵Ůѧץȥʱһ˹
ס֣
󣬵ȴȡõͷǿ˶һΪǶըһ㣡
޳ǣû˸ҹءͷǿ˻عͷȥȴԪվ󣬿ǡ
ԭΪʲôˣû뵽ȴһ챩Сͷǿһ޼ɵ
ҲûȥǳѧתĦȭԪ˹
ôϴαĲңڻôү氡
ͷǿЦ
ڹͷǿǳѧԪӰҲק·ͷǿ˸ţĿ׺ɲǺǵˡԪһˣӵôǵĶ֡
ԪŮѧ¶˵ǵ顣
Ԫƽվţ俴ͷǿˡ
ǿ磬Ūɡ
һڹͷǿԱߵƺҪðͷ칦ͣ˳һԪ˹

˭֪һԪĽϣͺһʯͷϡӲģ


ϵĹͷһӶ˼ʹҽһס˽ţᶼӿ˳۴У
ûõĶ
ͷǿ俴ԱСһۡԪʵǰ̹ģһСһҲ㲻ԼСܿԺǱԼˡ
Сӣ·㲻ߣԴҲãٴһҲã
ͷǿ촽һ˿֮ɫȻֱһȭԪ˹
ͷǿһͷ죬һֵʵȻҲøǵġһȭ磬ʯͷҲܹˣ
һȭҪ䵽ԪǰʱͻȻͱԪץסˣ
ʲô
ͷǿɫһ䣬ΪԸоԪȻһԪһֱӽͷǿ۶ˣ

һɴ̹ǵľʹ˹ͷǿҽһ̧ͷٶ
ǰͷǿһֻץסԼģһֻ֣Ԫס֣Ȼ˳һ
һɾԪӿͷǿֱϣžžֻһһȻͷǿͷɱĲҽУ
ΪԪһ֮£һֱϵйͷȻȫˣ˷ĩһģȫĹͷѣϣʹ֪
һɹѪֱӿֱȾѪһƬͷǿ̧ͷٶŤ
Ԫһͷǿ²һͷǿĳӲĵطһӱƿһһ㣬Ѫӿ˳
ʱͷǿѾûͨԵ˵ϣҽжûÿһطһطһӱѪȾһƬ
ͷǿһϴҲʵһǹͷǿȻ׾ٵĸʰˣ
༸˿һĻɫ䣬һɷף
Ȼ󼸺Ǳܵһ㣬æ·ӣǰջһͷСӣôҡһ䣬ͱô˰
Щ˲Ԫ߹ȥһһһ㱧ͷܣ
ԪҪŹһ㣬ûжһ̣Ԫһӣһƣһ֮ڣХȻĸХ˹ȥ
ԭĸѾӴܵʮ׿ĵطһ˹޾ıâĸֻоȴһٴαӵʱ򣬾ȻȶѾ뿪Լ壬ͷһӾͿѪͬˮעһӿһĻ
ĸɫ䣬ȻͨһԵ˵ϣͬƤһ㷭˳ȥֻȻͣ˵ϣѪӿ˿Уͬõһ
һҽҲŴ˹ĲҽУ˶ëȻĸо
ԷϵһȣҲ֪ѵԪϵĻҳ
ԪһСŮױŵˡͷǿ˰Χסʱ򣬺µòˡԪˣΪԪһ˿϶Ը˹ͷǿôˡ
û뵽ԪһӾͽǽˡȻԪַǱȴҲſᵽ˵ĸо
⣬ǵӰĳ˰ɣ
СŮؿԪȻñȽ㣬Ҳʲôǵɫ벻һԼ
ȵӦҪȥлԪʱȴǰԪѾʧˡ
硭
СŮǰ˼ԪȥķЩʧ䡣ôһӢ۵Լȴˣûüһĵ绰룡

ӦʥʱѾȥˣԪܿұ˹ȥ۵糸ٶһ㡣
ұͬһһĵطұΧһ޴ĽΧұػùȻû뿪ұһ˼Ϊڵ˵ұΪȫĵط
ССĽ磬ȴԪԪӰһܿұڣվʥǰ
ˣ
Ԫߵʥǰ
áԪ쵤һʮöȫ㡣عɾնɱ죡
ʥͳ˹Ȼʮöɫɵͷ˳ԪԪһץɫĵҩͽУɢŹ̵¶ȡһҲǵҩ֮ɢ
Ԫסˣֻ˵ľ
쵤֮󣬾ͿһϢʵһѵõ鵤ҩһʮöҲ㹻Ԫɽʹˡ
áǰ졣һУ
Ԫ˱֡
áһҵԼҾͻǰɽ㡣
ʥۻĬĬעӣһоڲСȻԪһХԪ֮ϣž챼Ӷȥ
ڵõ쵤ɽֻ֮ССһƷˣҲõĵһʱͱҵˡֻҪϢԪһʱ䣬Ԫһʱڴﵽ硣Ȼɱ죡
Ԫɫ㣬ҲǺХϣٶȿ
Сɺ˪Ѿ˾죬ȥȻžˣͷķƣӦÿԳɹɹٵġڿҲѾɽ磬Ϊһ˰ɡ
Լһʱ䣬Ԫ˾죬ɹ֮Ԫһͷ˵죡
죬һһƬӿƱɫХҪ㾡֮Ըһе֪һ㣡֮٣ӿӿ£
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396 ɽ翪
ɽ磬칬֮СһɫİƯ˸߿֮УɢʵĹâԲΰ֮ϣӰ
һǷ죬ӭԵúϡһһɫѵĻŮӡ
ŮڰеŸֵͼָĵһɫĹ⻪ڰи֣һĻߡ
Ůӵǰģһ֮ͭͭڣֵĻȻһƬããľ졣
ھ֮УֻԪɱţ׽ٽϣȴ˺ֺ
Ȼֿž٣
һĻҲ΢΢ɫԪתʵҪͻƾ׾ٵ顣
ȴû뵽ԪӾȻô󣬾ȻӭӾž٣ǿԾžٵĺɱҲиΣհ
ɾԪӰѾλֻҪɽ磬һطǶԵһʱ䷢֣Ȼϵɱ
һһµŮҧ촽˹һŮӻ⻪תȻҲʵ
칬Ĵ󻤷֮һΪȸ
½ɱԪļƻѾʧܣԪɽĵһʱ䣬Ԫնɱˣ
һգգؿǰֻͭҪԪɽ磬֮ͭڣͻԪλáȻϻԥĹȥԪɱ
ͭڣӿܲԪȻһ죬ۿҪɽˡ
΢΢Щɫɱ趯ʱ׼˲ŲƵԪ֮أ
Ԫ֮ǰԪɱˣ飡
ɾ׼֮ʱͭͻȻһζȻǻ澹ȻһƬˣԪӰһӴͭʧˣ
ʲô
һĻһ
ڿԪĹؼʱ̣ôһûӰ
ȸô£ݳԪˣ
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ȸҲɫһ䣬֪׷ʲô顣󷨣ǻĹΪԲİ
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ȸɫ䡣ǰȫûпһĻ˵ֻҪԪţھɽ֮Уûеݲİ
ȸٶתھһӿ˳ȥӳ֮ͭϡͭûгԪӰ
ںһƬš
ɾͭݲԪ䡣ֻһܣǾԪڶȾž֮ʱˣ
ȸƬ̣һжϡ
Ԫھž֮ʱݲԪʵϣھɽ֮УûݲĶ
ܣ
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ȭͷս˿졣
ȻɾʵˣľԪŲССһƷˣʵԪԼһָͷ򲻹ڣڼν֮£ԪȻһٶռϷ磡
ⲻˬɾϣڱԪһССһƷ˸սţ
Ԫԭʵصɽ磬ʱ䣬ĳɳٶȽǾ˵Ŀֲ̬ʱ򣬾Լһشв

嫵ɽ磬һƬãã·ûоͷһ㡣
һѩɽ֮ԣԭƽͻȻտʼ΢ģԽԽңԽԽ٣Ȼ˺һһӣһХ˾죡
ڻصɽˣ
Ԫۻ˹˸߿֮УһһӭĻ˵ԪҲľ
Ϥĵط뵵û뵽ô֮ٴλˣٴһƬɽ֮أ
Ԫ½֣ԵޱȡϸȥᷢϾȻɢžӨĹ
ÿһϸÿһ缡Ȼ廯ˣΪһľ
ÿһ֮ڣ̲Ŀܣ£а齨ɣ۶ɵܣᵽһ쳣ֲĵز
ҲǴ˵е֮
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ӵۻ룬ӵİԵÿһ֮У̲Ź̲ʶ
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397 ط
Ԫʶӿ˷Բʮĵطһһشš
ﾹȻǱʮڵڣ
Ԫüͷһ塣
ɽޱȣΪ򣬱ģϷʥĸÿһ޾֮󡣶֮⣬һħ磡
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Ԫѩ֮ʱⱱھȹڵԶЩϤ
Ԫɽ磬ʱɽ磬ȴѾ˷ˡԪҲóȻȥϡ
һڵһλڲλ֪ԪѾʲôɾһǱͨҪ˭֪ڵ˻ǲǵõĶ飬߷أЩԪȷġ
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Ԫ˵ʵȻҪѰһһһһƷ˵Ʒˣٵɾ
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ңԪҲЩԶԶǿ˵һطЩʱʵ
쵤ҵһϢضѰҡʱ䣬ʵʵ׵ıҪɵ
ԪںҪɵرԪ̲ɵԪʵٺòˡ
ھһɵţԪõȥˣڸˡڵõɵȻ
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ֻԪʵ΢һƷ˵ʵȥһԪҲᱻ˶ϡǳԪǰһ⡣
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ģһطʼɢžӨĹ𽥲
ϸȥᷢԪĶǸ֮ڣһƬ֮УһӤĶɣģԪӿ룬ϵĳ󣬳󡣺һµһ㡣
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ССӤȻͨһһ£ԪĶǸšССӤ̥ɫģԪĺȻһ£ͬͬϢ֦ͬͺԪĵڶһ㣡
Ԫһһ亹ƺתطܷһ㡣ӿЩ飬Ө͸ɢŶ˵Ĺ֮Ӿӿġ
ֻ˵һκˮҲޱȵġЩˮŵ½ȥЩ߷áһʹʵͨҪǳˣϾͻ٣
Ϊ֮ÿһ֣ű仯Ĺ
һͷһƤëй䵽½ȥޱȣõ˺Ķ
ʺҲģ

תۼʱ͹ȥˡԪת֮£Ǹ֮һӰ̥𽥳ˡţһʻһ㣡Ԫһ
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ֻһƷ˵ʵܹ۳һӰ̥ѾǼˡط˵ʵмĹϵһƷֻ۳һӰ̥Ʒ۳ƷĸԴơʵÿһȼӰ̥ͿԷһ
ȵ˺ﵽɾʵ۳ķ޾ġԪֻһƷˣܹ۳һӰ̥Ҳ㹻ˣ

ԪһʱһɫӰ̥Ǹ˳ԪǰܿγһԪһģһˣ
һģһıӣһģһ۾һģһϢһһģһʵ
ԪʵʲôóӰӣһˡԪһܹԸоһԼºϢ
˴֮뷨ҲͨġҪԣҪԪʶͿԴﵽǷԺǷֻȫԪ
ܺá
Ԫ¶˻һЦһԶ÷ǰһҩԼһΣ֮ˣ
飡
ԪһʱǰʢҺ壡
ɽ½磬ǿر⡣ɽ֮еۻ룬ԶԶСС½ȵġɽ֮УܹʱڻҺ壡
Ԫܿȡ˰ɹȻ󲻶һöһöڷţ
ɹͿǰڶһԪһԪ֮ԪԷʵ
ʮӵʱ䣬һöɹˡԪԼķȻ۾
ԪķӰһֱڵķХȥ
ͷ֮䣬ͨȻǷȥڣҲ൱Ԫıȥڣ
Ԫı崦ڶʮ֮⣬ȻԱκΣ֮У


398 Ԫ
Ԫķһ·ǰӣԼ˶ʮ·ʱһǱͳǰ
һǱǴڸ߿֮еģƣΧ˸ݣдһ¥һ㣬Ư˿С
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ʲô
ҪһԪ
ԸǻŮɾһ
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ԪȴҪһǧöʯܹ
һǧöʯһʲôеĵͽˣʮҲòôǮơԪ˵ҪһԪʱ򣬲Żõ˵Ŀⶼ׷˹
Ϊ˵ԪޱȡֻƷϵ˲ʸõġƷһµĵͽˣûʸõģ

Ԫֻƽص˵ͷ
飬ݡ͵ӵһ޴ĲƸ⣬͵ɽеˣССԪ˵󼰵ĶǶԪ˵ȴʲô
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399 
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Ԫǰһ¯¯֮ڣԪĿڱ֮䣬Ԫһ崺ĸоľζ
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һһĽŲ˹⣬⣬û˵õԪɵ̧ͷ˹ȥ
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áҾҪԪˣһöɹҶһԪɡ
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ôɣܹô̵ʱڣóôɹģ¶ûһҪ˵ԪֻһССһƷˡ


400 ˲
ûмֱʵˣŸҲв٣һóһöɹˣûа
Ԫһ㵣ǰӿĲΣþòƽϢԪƽš
ķӦȫԪ֮УϾһöɹʲô˶õóġ
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Ԫ߳Ÿ֮Ÿھһվˣʹ˸ɫԪǴ֪ԪΪ˶һԪ֮󣬾һֱԪˡ
ϴ󣬺ˮ˶ˣҪҪȥ
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˹ųǣ˽ԪӰһͻȻ
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СӣʶģͽԪ
ˮһĿԪ˹ҪԪ⿴һ㡣
һʵǿĶƷˣ߸ԪͬʵһƷˣҲۺ滹βصˣһƣԪˣǾ·һ
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ԪóǸװԪĴӸˮһǺηģ
ˮһץⴢУʶһɨ澹ȻһöԪ
ˮ¶˵ϲ顣һһ㣡
ңѾԪˣҿ˰ɡ
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ԪһûȫԵ˵ϣһغˣ
һССһƷˣˮ˻ȫûзԺˮһʵƷ˶ܹԸοһƷ
һƷƷƷȻǵͽˡʵĲ࣬ȴ⡣һƷǰһƷˣһĴڶѡŰɱƷǰƷҲͬϣ
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ˮõô౦ѵ㻹һ˶ռ𣿡
󺺵䴫˹һӴ߳һһˣˮ˰Χס
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401 ̵
ʮ֮⣬Ԫı徲š飬Ȼ֪
ڵԪոսɽ磬ŲһƷ˵ʵһ˵ʵȥԸʮ˷Χǲܵġ
ʮﹷҧʱܾˣԪȥʰо־׺ܶˣ
Ԫɱ۾š

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ǺˮȻһĽɫﳤ裬ˮ©һӾͽǿ󺺵һ첲նˣ
սվݵ֮ɫŨˡƷ˾磬ٶֻ꣬һͿͻƷˣʵȻѰĶƷ˿ȵģ
ֻԵµʵչֳϾͳΪΧɱĿ꣡
ɱ˺ˮԪ
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һɾʹõˮɫ䣬ҽһﳤһɨֱӽ˻ţһæ·ӣȻʵǿ󣬵κ˫ȭѵְ
һսʮ˷ɱʵǿˣҲ޷ȫˣ
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ⳡսȴû˿Ҫֹͣ˼ԽԽңΪԪǵջʵ̫ˣɥʧҲǣ
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ˮҲѾ˺ۣ˼ģԵ˵ϡϾһս˵һƷˣƷ˵ΧɱҲ˾޴ѹ
һΧ˶Ѿˡû˰ˮɵ˿Ȼһս˲صĴۣԼҲ˰˵һжֵõģ
ǴڵԪˮӿϣĹԪټԼѾǶƷ۷ʵܿͿͻƷ˵ʵˣһöԪˮûмԪ
ˮϾϲ顣ʵһ޷ݵľ޴ջЩԪͿԱչذ꣬Ȼգʵˣŵȵչٳʱֻһ龰
ˮתҪ뿪ͻȻһӰǰס
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ˮɫ䡣ٴο˿ԪȴԪǰԼɱ˵ˡ
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ԪһΧʱһѽɫĹӣ⻪תʾ˰Եķâ
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ллôˣ
ԪȻֱ̧һӺ˹ȥ
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ܣ
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˫ץס͵סǽɫҪֵԪĹƣ
ˮ˺ۣԪĶ֣

ԪȻ£ˮͷȻһ˹ˮԴ˲ѿˣˮɴ۾һĲģȴһͷԵ˹ȥôҲû뵽ԼöƷˣȻԪһССһƷ
ͨ
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նɱˮ֮ԪĿ价һ¡˿ϵЩ˵ʬ壬ʮˣȫˡԪǶ÷յĻѾɥˣ
ɽ磬ΣաԼʵ΢ҪСĽУ


402 ҩ
һһƷˣŪ˶ʮˣлмƷˣҪǴȥǺ䶯ɽĴ飡õɽִŵ°ͣ
һƷ˺ͶƷ֮Ĳ࣬ͺ¾Ͳƾ磬ԭһ¾ҲǲƾĶֵģ⾪һĻȴˣ
ԪʶڵЩһɨʮһƷˣÿһ϶ǺȻЩһƷϵͿ沢ܹͶƷȡ
ԪںˮȼƷһܿ㷢˲ٵɵ
ʯܹһǧ顣ҲǲСĲƲˡ
ԪʯɽĻҪ֣һʯڵͽ׵ĻңһԪʯҪڵͽͨԪһ߽˺ɾ֮ʱǻЯġ
һǧʯ൱һöԪģ
Ԫڳɽ磬ҲûʲôЩʯҲͦõġ
⼸λƷϵķˣѰķԪûпһһѻȴԪǰһ
һɢŵ㾫⣬Ԫץס֮ĻڷšȻıԪơԼʶģʲô˶Ҫ͵ġ
֮ԱԪУΪȻԵġνԣܹԵ
ҪԷųԵĹˣˮԷųԵѹƣһ亱
ڵԪʵܹ׽ġ
ԪһֱӽڻԼĴڡһԺʹҲǺõġ
ЩԪ˵ֵںΪԪͷѾ߿ڷɽպгΪʥĻѰ벻Ԫķۡ
ԪϣѾ಻סˡûɷùЩϵļšȻһһĿɿζЩ԰ѳˡ
ԪҳȥҪԶһûгԹأ

áԸ
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࣡
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ɡ
Ԫ֣ʱ軯һ⻪ԪڡԪתǰ˹ȥ
ﵽײһ֮أԪҪ뿪ȥһ˵ĵطúС
ڵõһöԪǷ̶Ʒ˵ĺʱ

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Һǻ谵һ޴İһ׷ԲԵߣݣѾȥһ㡣һ˫۾ȴǳ˾⣬ˣ̧ͷ
Ŷ˰
վڵҩϡѾǾƷ˵ʵˡڼһֱڳ硣ȴûгɹÿһγ̣ʵһС
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үүոŸһֵˡԭҪģǿ㻹ڱչУԾûдšһóһöɹȻһһöԪ뿪ˡ
ҧҧ촽
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仰ڵһվ
һöɹ
ҩâ˸š
һöɹҼˣÿһöϺõİɹһöɹһһöԪŸ󻹿Դ׬һʡ
ŵЩΪʲôԼүүֵôš
ܲ׬⡣Ŷ㾭ӪŸֻ֪Щ⣬ģ˸𣿡
ҩϽŵЩ
ûСΪⲻŸĹء
ҡҡͷ
˺𣿡
ѯʵ
Ҳܹȷ
ҩ̾˿
ŶҲ֪ģɹޱȡǼϡٵɹݡҪҵһöѾѵˡһóһöɼԼġҵӡУܹôɹˣûмǵĶԪ𣬾һ
ҩϽŵƺʲôоӨĹâ˸ѩҵʱ򡣵ȵ֮ʱϹȥȴԪѾˡһ޴źԪ֮ʱûΪԪʲô
ҲţԪ𲻿ܾʹʧһлһ졣Ÿȴš
Ҳա´һ˵ʱһҪȻҵǰҪúÿһ
ҩ̾˿
Ԫ䣬ѩһ顣ҩϲܹʲôæԪ֣ǸУҲҪԪһ֮
ϾԪȵģ
ǡ
˱֪֡Ԫҩ϶Ķ飬Ժүүʱǰһľǵ䶯ɽԪ
һ߳ƵƴԼȥҲֵõġ


403 Ʒ
ԪѰҵһƫƧĵط֮󣬾ͽԪȡ˳һ
һöԪ֮ϱڻһγۻ봿Щͬһ㣬һԪ֮УͬȪһ㣬õԪ¶һůĸоһůĵط

Ԫɵóĳ˿һָо嶼һ㣬ƮƮĸоʱԪеľſ˴ڣʼЩ
ŴȥᷢÿһӨ͸ľжӿɴ𽥵ģЩ⾧֮ڣһ⾧ų貵Ĺ⻪òʼű仯øӵľӵۻ
ӾһƤ䣬ȡ֮һȫµľɡ
̥ǡ
ԪоԼڲϵı仯šرǴԼÿһ֮кھǱĬ֮£ʼϸȾԼϢģЩڱԼͬתΪԼ
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ֱմȻԼʶͿˡٶȻǼ֮죡
ѰһöԪѾǺݳˡԪһöԪʱ֮ץöԪֱ
֮У϶һЩ˷ѵرԪʹԪ˷Ҳ࣬ǶԪ˵Щ˷Ѹ΢Ҫľٶʵ
ת֮䣬ԪͷʮöԪΧһɹסγһƬɫţԪΧУ˶Ե
˿Ԫ϶ĽʼɺޡǾƷǿߣҲֱʵʹԪԪʱ˿̵ΪֱԪ裬ıҪŭԹģ
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ʱһһţģЩƾͷ·ѻһϼ롣ԪСһϼ뾲֮䣬ܹܵһϼ֮ڴĺһ£һ£š
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Ԫϼ֮ţûгһϼȴѾһƵɫޱȣһһƬڣʯͷһ㣬Ӳޱȡ
ĳһգ΢㣬һӡ
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һֻɺ׻ϣӵëͷ­߸ָ߹ʣɽ缫ɺף
ɺһޣɺﵽһԪ൱ھƷ˵ʵɺ׿ɲֻòʵҲǼ侪ˣһ˫ɫ˫޴ޱȣаɣһ˲ǧ֮Уٶһָģ
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Ϊɺ˸߹˷Ժܶ˶벶ɺѣɺԸ°ܹ˲õ
ʱԪϼǰģֻһֻɺף
߹վϼǰһԼë֮һ˫ɫ۾ϼΧȻһɫģë׵һĶǸȤ
ȻͻȻһХ͵صͷһģĺһӾϼ֮ϣ

ޱȣʯҲܹһƿԪϼϺȴû뵽һڣ

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һĿǰһϼ롣ĺĶûжǺĲģ
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ʹʹĺ죡̫ɶˣȻӵ죡
ӹӵһϼ룬ĴĳһǲģٴȥֿʼͲԼĲһʲôɫˣ
ֻɺ׵ȥʱȴһЩ仯
Ϊӳĺ죬һӱϼһֻƸץסˣͺǯһ㣬ץס˺ӵĺ죬õúѲãܿ죬ϼѣһӵӰ˳


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رһ˫۾ӵľһ㣬һۿȥֿµĶͷ·֮ûʲôܹ۾
ԪȻͻ˶ƷˣʱĿǰһֻСɺ֮ϣ
һֻСɺ״ٶӣӴͬһСɽȻ˵ˣԪ֪ɺ׵ļֻСͷ
ԪһͷӴĳɺףٶɿһٶɸߣվǰһССɳӡɺһգһƬ񷣡ǺǷޱȣ൱ʥһĴڣһûܹ赲ס
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ãȻôйôҾͳȫҰǹëһֻͺͺɺףȻٷ㣡Ժôһֻ߹ɺף
Ԫһץסɺ׵ɫëһΡһӼƯë䵽ԪɢתʵĹ󣬹ȻƯޱȣԪһƯëͷ˳ȥ
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ӵĻԪϾֹͣˡܹоӵŭ⣬ԪŲȥôء
ֻҪǩѪˣɺ׾͵ܵԼĿơͻܵ췣ҲֻܹԹ
֮ѪˣԪǩԼӴԺұǺӵˣӲΥҵ־³ͷʹӣúӳΪªޣ
Ԫ˵꣬ҧָһѪӿ˳ȥƮ˿С
֮ѪˣҺԪǩԼӴԺԪҵˣ
Ӻǲ˹ȻԪһѪ˺ӵڣһڻ˽ȥ
ת˲֮䣬ԪоԼ֮佨һصϵһεԼУһͷӣõӸܹһ
ȻԪɿ֡
֮æ£ͷ鿴ԼԪεë
ɱˣεôëͲ̵ˣ
Ӽ˹һëһߴԪ
ɱˣٵɺף᲻úģˣ
ӵϴ˹
ˣӡҼȻˣȻ㣡ʮöԪʹ͸ģ
Ԫ֪ͷ֮ĵӻóʮöԪӸ˺ӡ
ʲôԪ
ǺϷһȻûϵԪȻԪȻһʮöһʾ޴ĲƲ
Ԫݻָ޾ôġ
̫ˣõˣлл˵ʹͣ߹ˣҰˣΰˣ
˷ܵ˹ϵĴųȻ󳤳ĺſһӾͽʮöԪȫ̷ȥ


405 
ʮöԪԪ֮ģҲǰδеĴֱˡӻûзùôԪһ̷ȥ֮ɢžӨĹ
ȻǱԪεëĵطӿ뿪ʼãҲʼȫµëˡһһԪεë³˳ֱһֻɺףתʵĹ⻪ͷ
̫ˣëֻˣɺˣ
˷ܵĴæڵתš˫ȶ⻪תţԵø߹ޱȡ裬ߣ
ãӣֻҪԪһ᲻ϸԪΪɺ׵ģ
ԪɺȻ߹󣬵ȴǺܸߡöӦܽƭԼߡ
ãԪȻӢˣӴԺҺӾԪˣ
ӷ˵Х
ǣˣԪһǸϲյפЩĵҩŶ
һ˫۰Ͱ͵ؿԪյפһЩݵԪҩˣû뵽ӾȻϲЩȻǰĽٵĶﰡ
áֻҪңұ֤ԴԴϵյפ
Ԫ
̫ˣȻӢˣҺӴӴԺɺˣ
Ķų˷ܵĺ
ӣʹ찿һҿٶôٶ㹻죬ٹ죬Ҿͽһöյ
Ԫ
һյ˷ܵĴųæʱԪһ˺ӵıϣ
ӵĺ󱳼ƽ̹ɵһٶˣԪվ浹ƽ¡
ˣվŶϾҪˣ
˵ͻȻһȶ˫ᣬͺ뿪ļʸһ㣬εض𣬵ȵԪӦʱѾ˰ɵĸ߿ˣ
ֲٶȣ
ԪҲǾѣ
Ԫʵ࣬Ӧ൱ڶƷˡֵٶȣԪ±Ȳӵʮ֮һϾʵ̫ˣ
ӷ·˷ޱȣԪһ·ӰһڰתһȦԭʮľ룬Ƭ̾͵ˣ޴˫ᣬɿһ͵쫷磡ӻֻ꣬Ҫǵ˳꣬˫һȶһɽֱܹƷһֻǱޣ
Ԫվ˺ӵıϣֻоһ󼲷ХҲЩΧľˣ
˺ӵİѰҪɱԼǸǲˣΪǸûٶȣ
һȦԪͺ䵽ԭء
ӣڿ뿪ˡȵҪʱһٻ㣡
ԪӺӵıƽõ
ãˣھҪȥȺҵĽǱˣһʱҪ˸յҳΪɺŶ
ӳһȶһӾʹԪǰʧˡ
ԪҡҡͷٵɺףǺƭöɵƭתˡ
ԪҲ֪ǰǩѪ˵ԭ򡣷Ļɺ׵Ը񣬿϶ȡֶζȡҪõĶġ
ԪһԼ壬ͻƶƷ֮󣬻üۻÿһ֮У·̲
ڵʵ֮ڴǰ˲ʮ౶ӦҲܴʮ֮˰ɣ
ʵŰͨĶƷˣֱ׾٣Ǳ֮ƷˣȴԲһЩ
Ԫ˵ϡ۾ĬĬתڵЩŶǸ֮У۶ȥĿʼӰ̥ˣ
طԪʵϢϢأԪֻһƷ˵ʱֻܹһʵʷ
ͻ˶Ʒˣȴ㹻ʵʷˣʵʷƷˣʵȻǱ࣬ϸ˵
ԪĬĬתţЩڶǸۣ֮ܿγɫӰ̥Ӱ̥γ֮󣬱˺ţԪĺһģһ
ԪԭأҪӰ̥ǣûеȵȫһŲԶ˹ԽԽԽԽ졣
ˣ
Ԫüͷһ塣ڶ࣬ҸʵҲ֪ǸʲôġԪڿɲ뱻̫˴ţϢһïʢĲݴֿݴԣǰ˹ȥ
ֻǰ֮ϣһԵĺХ˹Ȼһž޴ɫƯڶ˼ԦһƸϹˣ
һɫ֮ϣվ˲ˣʵǿ󣬶ڶƷϡΪ̫Ԫϸ飬ֻЩһһɫѣƺһɵĵӡΪ׼ɫޱȣʾ˲ʵ
ڵԪ˵һ²һ¡ɲԸ
ҲǶ쵤ĹãԪſϢ׷ɱˣҪԼ٣ȻĬĬͺһЩ˽ͻ¶Լݣ
ܿһžʹԪͷƯȥˣԪվ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Щ˵ۣƺڵĵӡڵĵ̣Щʲô
ԪȻɻ󣬵ȴȥЩ顣ԪǰʮٶһذĵطĬĬ
ǰӰ̥һ֮Ѿ𽥳ˡֹһԪһһӰ̥ХԪǰһӾγһԪһģһҲǶƷ˵ʵ
һӰ̥Х˳ȥԪǰ⻪תͬҲǶƷ˵ʵټԪ𣬾һ൱ƷˣͨʵӾˣ


406 
ǶƷ˵ʵҪĬϣ˵ʵǷͬСɣ
Ԫ۾ܿͻصԼڡϢһ£ͿֿһǰŸһԪˡ
һµʱ䣬ͻ˶ƷˣٶʵҲ㹻ˡȥĿ࣡
ԪϢʱͻȻǰĴؿʼտʼ΢ģȴԽԽԽԽǿҡ˵һ
˷
Ԫüͷһ塣һĻȻ˷ˡû뵽ȴԼǰ
ԪŵʱǰĵȻѿһƽȻһӰХȥ
ֻصɽ磡
һ˹ȻϤԪһڰԵ˾ȻǰԼжһ첲죡û뵽ôãҲɽ磡
ҲڰĿԪϣ
ĿһȻû뵽Ȼʱ棡
һ̣ԪӿֳһĨɱ
û컹ãǼȻ죬ôһҪɱΪʶԼģһ֪Լڱһᷢ˷ѰԼʱԼڱҪԼϢ˳ȥɽ綼Ҫˣɾ׷׹ʱԼ·ӣ
㳦
ԪһһХǰδеķâֱնȥԥ
ԪٶȺܿ졣ٶҲ
쿴Ԫʱȷʵסһ¡û뵽ԪҲɽ磬һɲǣʶΣ٣
ΪԪԼг϶ŹԼġرԪѾǶƷ˵ʵҪɱԼ׾٣

ҲǴһһɽХȻԪӭȥ

ڷɽ˲ڰ̾ײĻ䣬һâӶȥõÿжսζ
㳦ޱȣһ֮£ֱӾͽնɱ룡նȥ
εȻ֮ˣʹɽ֮ѾתХ˳ȥһ¾õ㳦һӣ
սʱ˿ֻ̣һ

ԪƲܷŹߵģΪһߣԼɱΣաԪŭһһڽɫȻУʱԪץסɫһָ
һ˲֮䣬ԪһɫƳ˳һ㣬׷˹ȥ
ٶ֮죬ǣһ·ƿնϣڿв𻨣õռ䶼Ť
һƴӺ׷ɱȻõоΣգһ䴫ϯ£׹ߵĸо

췢һ˻֮͵ؼӿٶȡӿһٶȣԪͼӿٶȣͬһ׷ϣõ·ӣ
ҵˣңң
췢ĴȻһת˸ʮȵת䣬ΪͿ԰׷
û뵽ȴȫȫĹߣҲȻһת䣬׷ȥԽԽˣ

ھԪĲԶһųߴŰ˸۵һյϡ
һ۳ߣɫ࣬¶⣬һĪĸоһۿȥֻʵۻ纣˿һۣҪ¹ĸо
һ۳߽ҵɽڵһԱϣѾƷ˵ʵˡ
ҵЩƷƷˣǸҵǰҲҳ
һƷƷƷǵͽˣֻܹΪͨĵӡƷƷƷЩнˣʵͽ֮Щ˶ɵĳϡƷƷƷЩ߽ˡʵǿĪ⣬Ǵϣ̫ϳϣԼĴڡ
һƷˣǿĪĴڣƷƷǰͺһ㣡
һɽڳôˣڵĵ̣Ϊ֪ѡ
һطȴû˿Ķ
˱·һǰ棬ǷֱǰϣλȺһϢǧﴫ
ҵ룬Ƭ̺죬ǿߣʵ¡Ҫعɽڣ򵽵һɽعһ۷壡
ǡ
ҵĻʣµǷ׷׵ͷȻһһתӶȥ
ҵҲȻűХȥһ棬ǡɺԪڵķȴǱ۵ģ
ɽڵʵɽһٴǰδеĶʢʱڣư֮أ
ȻˣɽڣĶӣɽĿǰҲǵǣ
һɽڲŻôӭӡ
ֻû뵽ڷ֮ʱȻһЩ벻ıʡ

ԪǾվԭءǰѾûӰΪѾӵٶʮĵط
ԪȴܹоĴڣ
Ԫ۾Ѿ֮УܹڣǱӴܣ׷ȥ
˶ʮڰת磬Ī⣡
Ķˣڷ׷ţֻв׵ľˣ
ʱĶȻһãȻһļĸֲģһӾ˹ȥĸֲ棬ɢɭȻĺ⣬۶ɺ󣬾õÿȻ˼¶ȣ


407 
ǰ淢رšٶѾ߷һ£û뵽ɱٶȴ£
һɱȻõһƬ䣡ΧĿһ㣡

췢ٶŤҪ߾ȥ
öɵķֲ棬ȴǺһ£һ˲֮䣬̴壡

ֲȻȥ̾ͱᴩˣĸֱֲӴ壬ž඼͸˳͸Һ壡
ۣ
һѪ³ֻ۾ɴ˿񷣬һĲʺԹŭ
ôҲû뵽ԼòףѾǧŻصɽ硣ԭҪúعʵһոսɽ磬ͱԪǵӲһֱɱˣ
˸߿֮Уͣض²ţȴôҲ޷ѳ
һܿʹԪǰѪֱȾѪһƬ
Ԫ㲻úԪõӦģ
춯ãֻܷʵ˻
Ԫȴû˻ͨһ£Ȼ׹˵ϣҵôһƬ𵴣
һԼг𣬶һɵҪصɣ϶㾡֮ɱԼ
ⲻԪҪġ
ͷӲ
Ԫץסӿ룬С
Ҿ죡
ԪȻ£һֱ˹ȥ
գ
һޱȣԭһ֮£Ӧý쳹׸ɵŶԡǲ֪ӺδͻȻһڷɽ
һڷɽٶȼ֮죬ȻԪϣ
һ£ײԪ΢΢һ£ı˷򣡸պôԲ
ԪҲһԶ˹ȥȴԶһ֮ϣм˷˹
ЩˣϤȻǰԪǰȥĻˣ
ǰҵ𣿿ңҵ
첻֪ͻȻ䷭һƷķ˹ȥ֪Ҫɽصǲĵӳǰӭӡ
ҵǵĸ֮ˣҲһλнˣʵǿ
û뵽ͻȻⳡʣԪɫѿһȺˣĸǶƷˣݵǼǿ
ҪȳȥȴԪܹӦģΪһŻɽʱȴԼĽɽھڵ׷ɱԪŲƷˣһи߽˹׷ɱԼԪֻ·һ
飬ԪԲܹ
㳦
Ԫһһ㳦ȻХ˳ȥ׷ȥ
ǽ󣡡
ԪͻȻƣʱ֮ϵĸƷˣҲȻһ
ĿڷɽȻХһɲ֮䣬ŷķâȻԪ㳦ն£
䣡
һڷɽ˲ɱһĿڷɽԺΧ֮ƹ㳦һ㳦ͷһУæ˻㳦ʵʱ޷Ŀڷɽͬʱһ
ʱĸƷȻԪǰ⻪תϵһؿԪ
ǽ󣬾ɽһǿ󷨣һǽ󱬷Χ֮ƣǿĪ⣬ԶԶǿѰĶƷˣǵԪǰԪ޷ǰһģ
ʱӵλƷ֮죬Ҳ·˿æͷ
λӣǱ뽫ԪɱصɽڣҷΪϣܳϴ

ʲô
һĻλ۾һ
ǿҪﵽƷ˵ʵܹΪİϴǿɽ֮ڼԽġζĵλòĵҩһĻλĿӰһȻ֮ԪΧ˹
Ҫ´ͣõ˳ϴôǵʵҲͻͽﵽһ˼زģ
ĸƷˣΧΧԪתγһ޴УԪΧУ
ϣɢ磬ǵǿԵЩһһϯÿһ綼ǿһ޷ĵزһϯ£и֮Ŀ£趯ǿԵ
ĸƷˣ󷨵ļӳ֣ҪԸԪһССĶƷˣʵǲҪ̫ף
Զ죬һĻ϶¶Ц⡣һԭΪԼˡû뵽ȴתֻҪɱԪͿԴԪˡ
ټɽڵİԼҪػʵִʵ׾٣
϶¶˵飡ɽˮ·һ壬һеѾ·תˣ
ƾǼҲԸңȥ
ԪͻȻɫһ͵ץסųǰһ޴Уһֱ˹ȥͬǶƷˣ˵ĸʮԪҲ˿壡
һǴȷʵΧΧ£ˮйͨ˸޷ȥԪȴҲͰԵԪۻһӺ֮£˿Զʱռ䶼Ҫƿһ㣡

Ԫһһ޴ϣ˺һһֱӱ˺˿ŷѪǴ֮еĶƷˣһӱԪԴ˲ˣѪȾһƬ񷣡Ʋȱ壬ҲȻܱ֮ɶɽʮ⣡
ԭԵǴȴһӾͱԪѾնƿˣ


408 սƷ
ʲô
󷨵֪ġ󷨼ӳ֮£ĸ˵ʵԻ۵һ˵ϡҲÿһ˶൱ӵĸ˵ʵ
ĸƷˣԸԪһССĶƷˣȻ׵ģ
û뵽ǣһ󷨵ûгʩչԪֱһӣͽ󷨸ƽˣ
ʲôƨ󷨣ȥ
ԪȻһɨɫĹӺɨ˰Եǿ磬Űɨ£ǿĪĹһʣڷ֮еĶƷϣ

Ʒ˻ûзӦͷϵԴֱӷͨ˾֮Уˣ
Ѫͬʱ˵ĲϷӿͬˮעһ㣬ɲ֮䣬ͽնȾѪһƬϡϡܹҺӿ
⣬⡭
û뵽ԪʵȻôֲĸƷˣԪɵˡæ֮УתҪܣ
Ԫôܷܣ
ɱ󣡡
Ԫһʱ߿ڷɽХת˲֮䣬ʹԵ磬̼䣬ضɱһƷ£Ȼ֮䣬ϣ
ɽХնɱ£Ƭ̵Ĺ췢һǰδеҽ֮Ȼ嶼ɱΪƬ
Ѫɽ裡һϸòܹϸƬ׷õؼ䵽ǣ
ȵɳ䶨֮ʱѾҲʬ塣ֻضѪ
ԪɫࡣǰһȥƣԪ֮ϣмƷˡʵǿĴڡ
ԪȻɱĸƷˣǲԪͰȫˡ෴ģΣաΪܿͻ׷Ʒ˹ˣԪԸûôˡο֮ϣ˭֪ûбƷ˸ǿĴڣ
ԪǶƷˣҲǵͽˣƷĵͽ֮£ԪԱ֤ܡнˣԪͲһܵʤˣΪн˱֮ڵͽˣʵǿ̫̫࣡
ԪһץֱĸƷ˵ʬһϵķȫ˻С
ȻԪӰһҪ뿪ط
ɱˣ˱뿪ô˵𣿡
ڴʱһ˹·Ԫը𣬴ɭȻĸо
ȻȻ֮䣬Ԫǰһ۵ӣһӣüĿԪǰһʵԪ
ܿԪ۵Դ˳֣Ŀ䣬ؿԪȻƷˣһһȻõжһӱɱ
ĸƷˣһһǿݣ
ԪĿΪһüĿϣֻ˺һһ㣬Ԫǰۻľͺһ󺣣ԪȻ͸ʵ
Ʒˣǵͽ֮ʵǿġһƷֻܴһ֮Ʒܹʮ֮Ʒˣһ޴ķԾΪƷˣܹһٵ֮
һ֮ʲôһƥ˲̤µͺһɽ׹䣬һ֮һɽ׾ٻٵһǳأһ
ۻԵȣƷˣһƷƷֻСһĴڣ
Դʱ˿̣ĸƷ˰ΧסԪ֮󣬿ԪǸ߸ϵı顣ΪԪֵһᣡ
ԪͬɫҲޱȡɽһǿ߶֡ĸƷˣΧ֮£˵һ޴ս
ԪڵӰ̥Ԫƾһ֮ǲƷ˵ĶֵģֻӰ̥ԼЩԪʤҲãֻܹעһ
ߣȻɱáһҽ·
ǽüĿĻͻȻһһֻǵؾԪ˹޴ƣ飬һӽסˣܲ͸磬õԪ·ӣڵ۶ɵģ
߸ϣԪȫмһˣһ֣ѸԪѾһˣ
ԪȻܹܵҲܹоӵĲмΪˣվԶûжֵ˼ֻԹţԸԪһССĶƷˣ˵һ𣬾һˣһָͷ͹ˣò֣
Ӱƣ
ھ޴µѹ֮£ԪͻȻһȻһȺ߳һߡƼͬʱƳƷŷȻһ
ԪֻǶƷˣԭֻܹʮ֮Ӱӣһ𣬾ȻﵽһٰʮһԶԶⲻƷһĻӣ
ǻԭһֱǸ߸ϵı飬ĮȻȥһУǵȵԪһŷ֮ʱǴݿĹõǴʱȴѾˣ
Ԫ̽Ĺѹ촷ۣ󣬽ƿնϣ˲߸ϵĻͷ֮ϣ

һ쳹ӵԴһӷ˳ȥֱӱԪһƴɳʮ֮ľ룡֮ǰ۾ǵɴģȫһŵ飡
һƷˣȻһƷ˸һкɱˣȫܵ飬Ȼˣ
˺һӽʣӶѴǶסһ£ȻѪ;ӿ˳ɳһٶ׵ĸ߶ȣ
׷һѪһ㣡һѪ֮ӵեһ㣬ͨһӾԵ˵ϣ


409 ҵ
ҵɽڵһԱϣѾƷ˵ʵĸһǰѰ죬ҲԼġ
ѾǾƷ˵ʵˡֻû֧֣Ʋͻġһɽھ;Բˡ
ˣһϣʵضɽһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
ҵһű汼ţһ
ͻȻ䣬ŲһƺʲôӰһȻХȥΪд֮

һƷˣȻԪһССĶƷ˸ɵˣһƷˣԪ鶼ޱȡ
ƷǰƷ˲һĴڣǰˡ飬ǰûмҲû˵
ƷˣĿⶼ׷ԪϣšҪ͸ԪϣʲôĵطôҲͲһССĶƷѡ
˰Χ˹˳ɢâ⼤ţŰ̾õռ䶼ޱѹɱԪΧĿռһӼʮһ㣬Щ
ղɱһƷˣһƷ˴ԵʡͬʱƷˣԪľһӱޱΣ
ԪţٻˡǴʱ˿̣Ǻȴ֪ʲôطûг֡ĺӣȥ̰ȥˣ
ƷԽԽԪΧУǱĿ⣬һ㣬ҪԪ̴
ϣ
ͻȻһƷ˱һһӺԪԴ˹һˮǽķâõÿж˲һı׷£
Ԫɫһ䣬Ȼһɨȥ
յһ䣬ԪƷ˷׷׵һɲǣһѾԪĸһ𻨣ͬһҧ
ǵʯһ˲ۿԪĸҪ޻͵һһҽ𹳣պöһƣ
ǾԪԽʱԱߵƷĽȻ£һ£ԪϣͨԪ˵ϣһѪ˳
ƷˣΧһƷˣֱȺŹĺϷһƺԪӦٿ죬ҲЩֲ
Ԫ˵ڵϵģ˷׷¶˵Ц⡣ƷˣվֻǶƷˣԲƷ˵Ķ֣
ղƷ˱ɱһĻҲȻֻһѣ
Ԫſ˵ϣһʹ˹ղһ֮ȻֽǴϵĸо˺ѵʹഫûվ
Ʒ˵Ĺû뵽Ҳ˼թ
Ʒ˵ĵЦԽԽشԪȻѾԪǵһ
Ʒ˺ͶƷ֮䣬һ޴ĺ蹵ƾҿһƷ˶ɱοһء
Ԫôܹ£
Ԫ͵һҧڵһվĿ׺ݣӺȼճ˻һ㡣Ҫع۷壬Ϊɾˣܹſ£
ԪһڵʵҲǿֻһƷ˵ʵһ˴㵽ǲܵģ
ղžΪעɢ˵ϣԲŻʹԼܡ
ҪƣŪһԼһϰ
ԪȻܹվƷ˶һ㶡ȵӦԪ͵һתһ˹ȥ
һվԪ󣬸ûϵԪͻȻ⧲֮ʱֻܹһֵֵȥ

һ˵ȭͷһӱԪĴָץסԪһ̧ȫתϥ֮ϣ͵һײһ˵֮ϣ
ֱĹȴֱЧģ
ۣ
һһѪ˳ȾԪһҪѣȴԪĴץסѲˣҪתֵԪһϸϣ˲ͻĹƣ
ԪͻȻıõ˶סһ¡Ƭ̺ȻһеķԪ
˺
ԪɣѪӿԪ鴤һ£ȴûлͷֻǸӷһһһ˵ϣ
һֻ·һԪֻѡƣŪһȥԸ
ڣԪʮµ֮£һŶӶԪһ޴ƶɽ˳òܹˣԪ˵ʬһӣ͵תֱһˣ
ѪȣⲻҪĴ򷨣һӾõ˻ǿԪ˺۵ģǱѪȾһƬѣٿԪȼյĻ棬ǸоԼǰľһͷʨӣţţֲĸоǻûмĲҪˣ
ƷȽЩȻܵ˼
ƷȺŹԪǿסģ
ԪһץסһƷ˵Ĳӣ͵һ˦һƷͨ˵ϣײôһƬ𵴣Ʒ˹ȥ廯ǧ׹ǧһ˲֮ȥȻһ˵ϣ
ۣ
һ˿һѪɴ۾ԪһʺܿתͷȥԪǰ
Ԫ˲ٵˣѪܣȴȫȻں֮תһ׷˹ȥ
·ʤֻҪԼʹҪĴ򷨣ͲЩ֮ˣǷԽɱԽˣڵת


410 ֽɺ
ԪѪվ֮䣬ҡҡ׹ɽҵһӲսǱƴ׵ľ϶Ѿˡ
Ԫ˿õķֿ˿ŵľžʬ壬ϸЦ⡣
ĸƷˣĸƷˣԼһ֮նɱҪǴȥһ㹻ɽս
˻
Ԫ죬΢ʮ˿ڣ֪˶ٹͷղһֱڷսûôһͣʹϾʹ˹Ƥˡ
ѣԪоԼʱҪԵһ㡣
ԭԭش˵õ飬ԪϾǷ֮أ˾


Ԫһһת뿪ʱͻȻһ֮쳹Ȼһ˹ǰһѽһʹ
Ԫһعͷȥһϡɵһ
һһۣĸݣȴɢͬһϢرͷ֣ϵ·һΪһĸоһ
ȥ֮ʱֻֻһͨͨͷٿ֮ʱͻᷢ˵ϡȵۿȥʱƲסϹȥһͷݣ
⾹ȻһнˣһƷˣ
ԪһӸоǰδеΣƷнˣн˺͵ͽˣǿŽȻͬ
˵Ʒ˺Ʒ˾ʮƷˣΧ߿һƷ˵Ķ֡һнˣͽ˵ٶ࣬Ҳȡʤ
ΪƷ˿ʼһɸɸ֮ڣͽűʵһɱֲʮ
ɸһ磬ͽ˵ͽĹƣ˲ַֺ
нǰͽ˾ϡΪЩϵĹƣнȫ
Ǿ޴
Ԫҵ֮ʱԼĶ֡תͶ·ӣû뵽ɱĸƷĸƷ֮󣬾ȻôһµĶͷԼɽɱķ
ɱ˾ߣ㵱ɽں۸𣿡
ԪתһɲǣһȻ͵ԪǰУһڷɽȻԪХķâ

Ԫɫһ䣬æһתһڷɽԪХˡ
Ԫվ֮ʱɫһƬҰסԭˣٱһƷ׷ɱֱû˿Ļ֮
νҲн˵һֶΡн˶Īܹ˲һν
һƷˣһƷˣͺһͨˣһƾǿߣκε漣ͷ֮ġǷҲֻ֮ǰˣ
ҾҪ𣿡
ԪҧҪӣǻ¶û˺ۡһתһԵʹͻᴫģ˷ַֺ
ҾûˣһƷˣҲһûܵĿܡ
ɽڵϣ㾹ȻɱСӣҲôҪᣡ
ʱҵͻȻһһֱָԪ˹Ԫüģ
Ϭһָ̲ſµʵһ˲䣬ʱͿռ䶼Ťֹһ㣡
ҵ˵һָ֮У̲͹򣬾ȻһлΪ
µǣڰҵһ֮£ԪȻûУԼ嶼񱻶סΧĿռ䣬ʱ䣬һӱˣҲãĺҲһֹͣˣӲֻܵȴһƷ˵Ʋһ㣡
ҾҪ𣿡
һɾӿԪΪϳޱȵ磬Ҳ˲࣡û뵽صɽ磬ôŬûдĿģһˣ
˻
ʱһ󼲷ͻȻϯԭʱգһӰӶһѳԪֱӰȥˣ
Ȼɺ׺ӣ粻Σյʱ̸˹
䣡
ҵûϵͻȻôһʣϬһָԪ֮Ԫĵϣһ£ǵȻѳһƶɳʯɽ
ҵɫҲһߣ˸߿֮С
ֻһֻ޴ɺ˸߿֮УԪվ棬ؿԼ
ɺף
һֻ޴ɺףҵɫҲһ䡣
ɺ׿Ǽ󽾰ޣܹѱģû뵽ԪȻѱһֻɺף̫˲˼ˣ
ߣ
ԪѱɺףҵҲŹҵдʣ֪ڼʲô
ˣƯ߹ĺüʱɣ
˸߿Уӵ߰˹ڷ׵ĸ߿֮УһҲǰҵΪ߿ɺ׵ĵ̣
üʱ
Ԫ˺ӵıϡҿڸղôΣʱ̣Ӽʱ˹Լһˣ
ֽɺף
ڵϣǰҵдʣͻȻ֮䣬һǰһģһŰֽ˳Ѹٱóһֻɫɺ׵ģ͵س󣬾ȻһСɽСҵһֽɺ֮ϣϾͷȥֱɺ׼۶ȥ˲ûӰ
谡ôٶȰ
ԭɺ׻ڸ߿еİţҫԼòˣ·һɾ޴õɺ׾һ͵ض·ˣ


411 
Ԫʲôôɵô찡
ɺǰ漲ţǰҵԦһֻɫֽҲǽšһֻֽɺףȻһģһͨѩ׾ӨΩΩФܷ磬Ǽۣ
ɺ׻ûпкԼٶȲޣЩﲻѡ
֮ǰֽɺ۶ɵġɺס
Ԫɺ׵ıϣ۾ĬĬšһһͷҵȻֿ֮µҪϼˣ֮ʣԱøֱ޿ΪԼãʹʵǿһּµ
Ҳɽһλǿߣ˻ţ˽ʮֻʡֻǺ֮⵽һֻͳҲ֪ȥˣû뵽ҵȻһֻһֻ϶ֻǷƷ
ˣҷˣԪҵס
ɺǰţֻоһǿĲ˹æ
Ԫۣһȴǰҵͷųڷɽնɱˣ
ܣӣʿҪŻչëܣȻҪɳ˹ˣ
Ԫʱ

ԪĻɺ׷һļУΪǳʿҪŻԼë͵ȶٶȾȻֹ
һӽǷɽͰҵԶԶ˦˺档
ǰֽɺ֮վŵİҵɫأȻҲһȻȻӿٶȣҲͬһ׷˹
СӣӲ˵ģҵİֽɺٶȿǣ޾ɺȴнƣߵһ죬ʱڣ
ǰҵ˹ɺ׵ٶȻǿ죬Լİֽɺ׻ѷɫôһЩǰҵȴֲ£Ϊɺ׵׻нƣʱ̡
ߣ
Ԫȴһ
ҵ˵Ҳûд֮ʹֽɺ׿޾Լɺȴнƣߵһ죡
׷ȥԼԲӳҵģһ취У
Ͼֽɺͨǿ಻õıָٷУɺȴ޷һ㡣
ԺӵԣԪΣ٣һԼӳȥ
Ԫţƺ뵽ʲô⡣Ȼӻһ˼Եķ˼Сţ
һӿǲ֮ڣԪһһ˦⼸ž˳ȥɶУҵ
÷ڣ
Ԫ
ʲô
ͻȻ֮һӰ˹õðҵɫһ䣬ΪԪʹʲô͵һȥԪЩϣ
û뵽Ԫⷢĸʲô÷ڣһЩԵķҵȥ˲ԪײȻѿһγܵĻ棬Уҵ
𣬲ã
ȼյĴͬһ˹õҵɫһ䡣ռ䣬ΧǻΧסĻˣû˹
ҵһҪȴѾˡΪǻһ䵽ǰֽɺϺͨһ£ֽɺ׾ͳȼճ촷ۣ

ҵվȣͨһӾ׹ȥޱȵĲҽ֮
ۣ̫˧ˣ̫ˣ̫ˣҶľͬϽˮ಻
ɺҲ֪ʲô飬ɵþ˳ĴƯĳһ˷ܵģʿ׷ںʹӶʿҲǷᡣ
黹ûꡣ֮ܿͻӣҪҰһ飡
Ԫһ
ӢˣֻҪ˵ģƯĺӶȥ
˷ܵ˹
ǰ棬ҵıų֮Сʱ㲻ҪңֱӷӹųǣһƫԶĵطȥٷҵķԼܣ֪𣿡
Ԫһתһߵ
壿
Ҳ̫ԪĻǵ˵ͷ
ãӢˣ߹ĺӻĻģ
ĴųʱԪѾһʵȻӰһȥ
չᣬŷһ·ӶӰһһ裬Ӱܿʧǧ֮ڣ
ȻԪϣ̵ʱ䣬ǰҵּԦһֻֽɺ׺Хˣٶȿǣɺȥķ׷ȥ
ҵѾսˣͷһƬڣȻһյòᣬӣ۾ϣһƬ
ˣȻʹùݺңҰҵһҪ
ҵһĨɾϵĺڻңһ߿׷ϡһССĶƷˣȻϷŪԼץ֮һҪصĴۣ
ԪӰ׹֮ԭҪתһڷɽԦû뵽һתһʹ˹
Ȼ
⣡
޷ֹ׹ܿ죬һݶͳԪǰ
Ҫ
Ԫһȴֹˡ¡һݶϣҵݶѣֱӵһ䷿
ͨ
ˮɽԪˮףƬ̺󣬲ŸۣȴԼǰվһһ˿ҵĸŮĽ𷢴¶˵Ĳˣһˮ˳Ź⻬ѩ׼£õԵ쳣޶ˡ
˳ԡرǰѩףˮ黬֮£ԵͦκΰƺڲţӨ͸ʤգ
ֻһŮȴ·ű̹ǵɱԪѾһһ㣡
ϸһŮӲǱˣǰŸ󿴼


412 
ҵԦŰֽɺһ·׷ϣǰҲǷš
ںӵıϣԪһԾ棬һҵסԪķûзԪκιĵط
Ҳ֪ԪõʲôҲ֪ϵһֻһԪ
ʿ̫ˣˣҪˣȥɣ
ͻȻһεֱӽԪķ˦ȥȻԼһˣ

ɺԪķҵ˳Ц
ɺٵСޣôһССĶƷˣˣҰҵôɱ㣡
ҵԦŰֽɺףȻһֱԪ˹
䣡
һɽնԪϣԪȻҲһ¡ͨͱѿһѪ׷£
ף
Ӱ֮ҵ˿һĻüͷɵý
֡ˣո֡Ӧòʵãмˣ
ҵȻ֪ԪʹʲôƣȴҲ֪һô˿϶ɱĸƷ˵Ʒˣ
ɺף϶ɺйŹ֣
ҵﾫ˸ȻӰһּԦֽɺɺ׷˹ȥ
ûΣ֮ʱ˻ŵɺһǡֻһֿܣǸղŵһĻֻһ۷˻ɺ׵ϣ
ҵȻ׷ȥ
һɱɽˣԲܹŹˣ

ԭľͰõԡû뵽ͻȻһ˴ˣ
ľͰͻȻֵһӣֱԼ忴ӿһöɱ
ǺܿϳǰӡȻǰЩʱŸһöԪӣ
ҡ
ԪΣرǰŰȻͦεľ޴ѩҪ˵ʲôͻȻһѪ˳һͷȻɽ֮䣡ž޴ɽҲŵ

Ҳ˲þŭˣæҡҡԪ塣ȴԪһƬôҡҲûзӦʶ΢΢һɨȴúܡ
ԪȻԾһ¼һץóһƥƥסԼ壬ȻԪͷɱ˳ȥ
ôҲ벻ǰЩʱյȻˣһַ

ܿ죬ԪһűʯϣԪԱһϵԪƣһԴԴϵӿԪڡ
үүڵĶ𣿡
һվţǽɫĳʪģȻ˳ԡľĶǡ
ֻ֪еѹŪôصˣܹǲס
ҩ̾һ
Ԫ쵤Ϣټ־תģѾı䡣ҩȻϲ
ҩϻÿԪƣͻȻһ򣬲Եڵء
үү
æ߹ȥסҩվȺɫӲ԰ţԵ
Ŷúչһҡ
ҩƿȻ߳ҡղŸԪȣҪһܹ
˿ҩϵıӰֿ˿Ԫü
һ˿ӲŲǸշɽ粻õģһˣֵүүһԼҪҵĶأ
Ųô̵ʱ䲻Ȼͻ˶Ʒˡ⵹ŵ顣
ԪԱߣؿ
ʵ飬Ҳôֻ֪үүһǿ׷ɱԪ־үүʱԪֻ֣Ϊүү»һٶˣľڱȫ¾ѡ
ʱΪ飬Ԫ𻹺һλֱӸȻԪʤˡ
뵽Ԫ¶һ˿顣
ȻûкԪ棬ȴ˵Ԫ¼
һսֱӺɱ֤ɾһͳһǿһӢۣ
رԪӰĳ飬ɽģôǿˣһȴֻӰһŮˣʵ̫ܿɹˣ
ĿԪϣźɡ
ǰһˣĻ߳ƵԪ
Ȼ˵ǰԪЩ棬ȴҲӲὫһŲƷɢɺɾԪϵ
ԪԼôദأ
ԱţȻû˵ȴǲ
ʱһһţģʱȥˡԭһԪɫָˡ۾ӳȱ
һ̣Ԫֱܿ۾
ΪԪ֪ʲôͻȻ֮ԡӣǸŮ˶ɣ
οƷˣŸĸ
Ԫ۾ʶĬĬĽԼڵԼѹȻݺĥԼԪϸϸһºȴֲûС
תһɹۻЩ壬õ念֮졣
ô£
Ԫ벻ףԼðΪʲôԼʲôı
Ԫ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ˼ǲһڿʼ۾
˰
ʱҲԪæ˹
ңģղŷʲôҼǵұ׷ɱȻͻȻˡ
Ԫڲղŵ顣
㰡
ƺ뵽ʲôһ졣Ԫ󣬱үүġţȥүү
߳ҡ
үү

ԪƺʲôһӻȻ


413 ˮ֮
Ԫھȴţ˼һ·顣ܿҩϾͺһˣԪװһãȻģ
Ԫ𣿡
ҩϹվԪǰһ仰ͼе
Ԫ𣿡
Ԫһ˫۾ҲڴҩϡҩϻǵģЦòûôı䡣ʵͣھƷˣûͻľ硣ҲǣҩͻĻ϶һ龰

Ԫ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ
ʵҩϻЩɣڼȻҩϾԼԼҲáοҩĶԼͼıĻԼʱӦýԼѲһ飬ֱӽˡ
ҩϲûҩļǵõյĶɡ
Ԫȵˣҩһݣ
ҩһԪ嶼ǲϵӿ˳
Աߵһ˫Ҳ˸ž㵡Ҳ²⵽һɣû뵽ǰȻǵմԪЩҲЩӣҪ֪Ԫһֱż񰡣ԪľһӱˡԪԼһ˿ҵģҲٽ黳ˡϾԪһɾǿ߰߳Ƶ֪жŮҪأ
˵ѩҾ˸ϹȥǻûеѩϢ޷쿹⣬ֻû뵽ڵȵԪ㡣
ҩɫץסԪ֣
ľˣû뵽ڿٴˮ֮ӿȪ౨һ֮ǧΪοԪľ֮أ
鲻ˡҴ½Ͻ磬һжǴͷʼˡһα׷ɱҩĹͣԪû
Ԫƽ
Щ̫꣬Ƿǣ̫౳ѣ̫Ѭģҩ֪ͼˣѾˡպԼعɾ֮λһҪú÷ڣִУ
Ԫ㱻ɱھΪԪȥ
ҩվ
ԪֻжƷ˵ʵɽȻѡΪԪȥ飬ҩһȥ¸Ϳأ
ɽڵˡˣȷʵǱɱˡ
Ԫҧҧһ˿â
ȻüƽǰҵƭˣⲢǳ֮ơҵ˿϶ٴҹġ
ֻǰҵһ˻ãǾɽڣõɽھ֮ѹ롣Ԫһ֮ǾԲܺɽһɿģ
ɽڣǵɽڣ
ҩҲվﾫ˸šƺʲô
ûҵѾƷ˵ʵҩáͽҵչȻ֣ҵ˸նɱˣ
Ԫָ˲ٵʯѾ뵽һı
ڻڱǰҵ˷׷ɱţֻҪú˽ҵ˴Ȼҩ֣֮ɱҵ˾ˣһҲǼ飡
Ҳһȥ
ҲȻ˵ԪֻƷ˵ʵû˻ԪպǱعͻɾԪ˵ǰ϶顣
ҲһŮˣȻ֪ԪƵʱվԪһߣʲôܻ⵽ɽĹ
ͬʱףԪպΪɾôҲһɳ졣ʱ򣬻ӱʮһɳ죬ΪҲһ
Σպͻ棬ȻѾ׵ѡԪվһһһپ٣

ΰˣļıðʿڸҲҰΰˣ߹ĺӿҪסˣ
ǰһ·ŵĺۼԣһڿڷɽХţǺӰݵĻԴѾʮˣ
ںӵ󣬰ҵԦŰֽɺڷţһ˫۾ʼԪɺ֮ϣ
ɺףҪǷˣһ㲻
ҵһڷɽХ˳ȥ⻪ն£
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˵˸߹ΰѾ˰ʿ㲻Ҫٸ߹ĺˣɺ׶Ϊеģ
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ҵŭһԦŰֽɺ׷ӵøӿˡ
ҸˣҲļıȻҶԸ޳ܵĳʿ޳ܵ˰
ɱԽԽǿӵļһһһë䣬ȻⰮĺܱ˼㣡
ӣڹųǵ㣡
ǱӴܣͿ㲻ҵ׷ɱʱһͳ˹ȻԪ
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׼һöյ㣡
Ԫƽ˹ٰ֪ĺӣֻյݵܹջ
ʲôյȻӢˣҾͻ㣡
ӵӰڰͻȻһתȻ£ֱӱܹǰֽɺ׺ͰҵˣŹųǵķ˹ȥ
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ҵһȻźӿ׷ȥ
Ӻعⷵһ㣬ٶٴδ߷ͬһ⣬ХһӾȻҵ˦֮أ


414 ɫ
ԪڹųʮһɽվţʵѾָ˲٣ɫأԶ
һ紵ĳվţԵ÷ͦΡ
ˣ𾴸߹ˣңˣ
Զһƿ֮˹űһ޴Ӱ˶£õض
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Ԫ֮İȫɾѾΪ֮ص顣ûκԪİΣҪԪ飬ҩϺ
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ҩϺɫһ䡣Ҫ֪ͽ˵ͻƣҪĻۡ˵һǧöԪѾ㹻˴ӶƷͻƵƷİ


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ԡ֪һɣʯھԪġԪӵ飬ǴӴʯڵõݵĻôǾͿݣԪʱƾЩԴŸһǿʢ

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Ҳҡҡͷ
ü󻹸ӣƷ˵ʵʱǿĿһϣȵĹâȻǱò˸סˡȴҲûǡ
ʵҵ˶ɽڼҪʧ١ҹ̽һϢѰҵҵ˵䡣Ͼڵĵ̣һ̣ûܱҩϤҳü˶ҩһ¡ʧٵİҵˡ
üҩϱ˱֡һЦӯӯ
áüдҪҩвӦֻ֮Ҫҵڳ֣ҩϱضҵ
ҩվ˸Ҿ
һ̸Ǽ件䡣ֺ˼֮ü˴ĵתȥˡĽĿƿŸȥȻӿһۣͱòסˡ


419 ȫαĶ
ü˴ӳڣһ·ӿٶȡü˵ȻȫҩϣֻǴ̽һϢѡѰҰҵ˺죬ԼҲҩϡ
סҩĻѰ𣿡
üӸˣæѯʵӾȻü˵Ķӣ
ߣҩҲһֻϺ꣬ôİǡҵʧڣΪڵĵͷߣҩô᲻֪ղȻڸװɵ
üúһ䡣
Ǹ˼ǣ
ҩϿ϶֪һЩֻǲ˵ѡֻԼҡһҵϢǱһ󹦡
üϸ˵Ц
󹦣
һҡҡͷ
ףǱˡôһɽݶǸӣȥ֮λҲᷢ϶
ҾӦúúò²ͼϣȥءĲ
һҲĵ
̫ᡣܶ鶼ǰʲôҵ˶ȥˡǰͲһˡ
ɽ磬ضҪĸӧһûᡣ
תӵͨպҪΪһҲָտɴ顣Ǹܳ׳ʵ𣿡
ü˹
ü˵ĻӺͻȻȻæ˵ͷ
˵ļǡǿǷˡֻҩϼȻǣΪǲֱӷ
ҩϿǾƷ˵ʵ˭ֻҵ֤ݣȻ취ȳǷģڣɽڿ϶ˡʱ˼ǵԸԳ
ü֪Ī縸ԼӸղһֱʱü˾֪Լӵ˼뷨
ģǺǿڴһ죡
Ӳɵ촽˵òˣһȻ˴Ŀ
һ뵽պڸ𣬿һƷĽúܡǾ;øڷȣЩѳֲסˡ˸˳ü˵һ·۶

ü֮ԪŴ˳ղųü˺ҩϵ̸
û뵽ɽڵôˡ
Ԫɫš
ԪｻӦͿˡŶԪһǰʯڡھͶ̲ݻ
ҩϿԪ
ɽڵ˶˻ɣԪයһ̡пܶһΣա
áҩϣһоͰˡߡ
ԪҲϾֻжƷ˵ʵûʲôá鷳
ھȥѰݣԪʱ㹻Դ֧ţԪҲжԸڵĳ롣ԪֻǶƷˣҪʱ佫ʵʵʡ顣һ㣬̵ʱڣΪɽеˡԴҲһõĶ
á
˵ͷ
ŸųһܵԪ߽ܵԪȻǹͨһºӡ
ԭǺԶϹԪŵһöյӾƨƨ߹ˡ
֮ܵ󣬾˹ųʮ֮ĵطʱһ޴ĺӰ֮ϸ£Ǻӡ
ۣӢˣҺӿˣ
ӹά˹Ԫȴûסֱ֣ӷ˺ӵĺ󱳡
ٷϻǵʯڣҾ͸յ
Ԫ
ðӢˣûзҺֳø𣿡
˻һһӰת˲֮䣬˾֮ϡ
˵ٶȣõҲһڷ˸߿պ󣬺ͺӵӰƽ
յȻЧԭëѾȫȫˡë֮ϣתʵĹԵ˵ľӨ͸Եĸ߹ʡ
޶ԽΪΣ֪ԺΪ˻Ϊһʲôģ룬ӽΪˣҲһٰŮˡ
һޣһʱû˵ָһµ·󣬾ͰԪ۾û˵Ҳûпڵϰߡ˾վţǰ
һ߷ţһȴǹﹾĥƺ뵽ʲôԭüƽȵ壬͵һϣٶһӼӿʮֹ
һԪǰվȣͨԪײ˹

ʱԪܵǰס˭֪ûбãһӾץǰŸʵɽ֮ϡǵĸоһӳӯԪġȻһֶץסҪϱĳһ㣡
˼
ԪץסƬ̺ɿ΢΢ǸõĻǻɽ壬ŮУҲһİɡ
ûûϵ
ͷߺˡû뵽ǰԪӲ˵ھȻֱԪеĵط
ԭһֱû˵ˣӰ˲ԵЩ
ӢˣҺǲһľ
ʱԪԴ˺ӵںԪƯԪˣôһ֮İ취ڻء

ԪһͻȻһӳȥȻϡ

ֻͷܵһ׽٣ʹòҽԵڵأҡҡ׹˺þòƽ
αȫαĶ
ƽͻȻȻ͵ؼӿٶȣ


420 Ӱ
Ȼɺ׵İǴڵʯڣҲҪһʱ䡣
һһҹԪһǳ֮£ӱʵԹԵ÷費˵ˡվɺ׵ĺ֮ϣָɺ׵ĵ·
ոոգ
ոոգ

׸߿ϣжԪڡԭֻʱ·̾ͿԵʯˡʱ򣬴·ȴһ֮
ͣ
Ԫۣ¿ȥȴһƬƽ֮ϣĸµΧһŮӡ
һŮӿģƺֻʮ꣬һˣǼµӵĺ֮£ˡã
༸µԵ÷ţЦ
ףЩǴʯڵĵӡôڶ
һĻü
һȺµԱߣһһԡûв֣˫վһ˱ϻһѴ󵶣
ԪĿⶼһ˵ϡ
ǼµӵʵԪƷ£ֵע⡣һԵһˣȴʵĪ⡣Ԫ˹ȥȻ͸˵ʵ
֣һǾƷˡ֮еκһģʵսŶԡǵҲûҪѪʵȫˡѵпѪĹ񱣿
ü𣬷
һǰӰŵˡ
˼Ƭ̣Ԫ˹
ʲôӰţ
һٴοһˡ
ֻһ˻°סֻ¶һ˫۾վ˾ͺһһ㣡ɢűĺ⣡
ԪһɾǿߣļʶжȻⰵӰŵӰȥٵģɽصһˡû뵽Ȼ￴
Ӱɽһɱ־šΨһǮ¡ֻҪܹó㹻ԪôӰʲô鶼Ը쵽һӰɱվţӦҪȵóʵļǮȻæɱˡ
ǰӰɱһˣһöԪ𲽡Ǯȴûܹõóġ
òǮӰŵˣǾԲֵģֻԱ俴šԲŻһ档
Ԫƽ
ӢˡǻǲҪ⵵ӵ˰ɡɵʯڣһҪȥأ
Ӳ˹ڷһѪʱᷢΣաӿɲⳡΣ֮С
ӰɱֲֵĻôǵǿԲһ¡ϾҲǴʯڵˡ
˹
ʯڵڶǴʯڵĵӣҲһ
áҾȥͺš
ԪӰһֱӴ׸߿շ˶£
ˮ飬ʯѾ군ˣΪʯڵҲֻ·һ
ץʯŮǾͿһˣ
ĸµЦΧסһŮŮˣҧš
һˣڵѪӿ˳Ⱦϵĺ¡һ˫ӿǰЩµӣź
ŲƷ˵ʵ⼸Ʒ˵Χȷʵûаķ֮
벻Լ׵Ĵ֮£ԴʦֻΪ׵ĵӾȻûѣ
ҩԼףȻҪϾɱԼҲŹ
ʱģˮҧ޵嶼ڲš
Ҹ׶ͬȴѱɱֱ޲磡ЩˣҸһģڰΪŰҲú
ˮһţҧгݡ
ˮ飬˵ٶҲûˣʤΪΪܣȥɣ
һµĴȻ˴󵶾ˮ˹
ˮǰһ֮һɫĹͻȻֱӴԴ϶ͬһֻһ㣬ֱӽµ˵ϣһŰĺµһòˣ
ʲô
ͻȻֵһĻõ˶һԭѾĺŮˮǵɴ˫һӰ
һɫϸ֮ϣһӵӰӾӸ£ؿǰһȺµӣ
һƷ˾ˣʱ˿Ԫɫ䡣
ܣ
һ˲䣬ЩµӸоԪʵĿֲæתȾܡ
ԪôŹǡӰһһһץһɫȻԪȻµӺɨ˹ȥ
ɫԵķʮһɨ֮£ݿ࣡
ڿУһ𻨣֮
Ǯɱ˰һԪɱһˣ
Ԫ׷ɱµʱվԶİӰɱͻȻ
Ǯɱ˰ǮɱˣһԪɱһ˰
ϧȵµӺԪĽɫӺɨ˹ȥֱӾͽµӸնɱˣ
ԪµӻᣬҲ붯һӰɱ֡ΪµϣòһöԪҲ붯ԱһӰŵɱֳ֣
ת֮䣬ĸΧɱŮӵĵȫԪĹ£ԪָСԪᵯ˵Ѫει䣬ֳܿ˾Ĺ
ǾĺŮ·ЩһĻؿһСôҲû뵽Ȼ˴Ҿ
˺þãŮŷӦ
лллл㡣
ŮæԪﾡǸм顣


421 
ԪĿҲŮӵϣֻĽС£һ˫Ӹˮˮģһʮӡ
лǴʯڵôԼɵ׷ɱ
ԪߵŮˮǰȡһöɹֱ
ˮȻЩִɹһǸɢˮĻ£һ嶼Ե泩˵һ㡣
رЩ˿ڵĵطһ֮ϾĸоƾȻʼỌ̣ܹ̃̄
ллңǴʯʯŮҽˮ顣챾Ҹ׵Ĵ٣ֻû뵽ҴӻѡҸˣҲ˳ҿҡ򡭡
ƺ˵£ˮ˵ţ˵ţӿ˳滨꣬һ֮䣬һŮ˵ȷʵһĴ
ޡж񱨵ġ
ԪҲ֪ôοˮ飬ֻ߹ȥļ˭֪ˮһԪĻǷഺӵ˹ԪϣԪһĸо
ԪҲԹֱ˱ѵζȷʵܣҲЩȻ
ġһ죬ȻһëǮҲû׬
ԪͻȻ֣õһӰɱֵļƻʼ磬תֻ뿪
ȵȣ
ʱԪȴס

һɱתһĿԪͬһһĿҲǷޱȣžëȻĸо
һɱѹû˸ȡ
ǰӰŵɱǰɡҪܳǮΪʲô
ԪһӰɱ֡
ҪܳǮأɱɱҰӰŶܹΪֻ벻ûҰӰ
ⰵӰɱҲԪ˹ʼգһּĸоһߵԪǰ֮ԪΧĿһ׹˱֮һ㣬ַ⺮ĸо
硣
ԪԣԪӡȻһӰŵɱЩšϾܹóһӰɱʵǿ󡣽ôһʵǿˣ£ߣ˭֪ᷢʲôԤ顣
Ҫ㱣ҡ𣿡
ԪⰵӰɱ֡
㣿
ⰵӰɱĿƳԪһۡƺڴʲô
ֻҪۣûɵ顣һԪһ𲽣иֹɱǮ㡣ҲսҪ⳥ҰӰʮԪʧ
ⰵӰɱ
ʮԪ
ⰵӰɱֵĻһŸôĶĿ棬ŲǧԪⰵӰɱһˣȻֵʮԪôıڣ˭𰡣
ã
ԪȴӦˡ
һӰɱ֣ԪҲˡоƷ˵ʵ˱ԼٶǮԪҲֵõġ
ҶڰӰŵԪҲšһŵǧǰӰܴôԭڡ֪ûзӰΥԼ顣
һöԪΪıꡣ
ԪڻһһöԪͷ˳ȫǮˡ
ǰӰɱһץԪУϸϸһ£¶Ц⡣
áҽˣҵİӰʮҪҽһʮˣ
ⰵӰɱӰһһʧԪǰƬ̺󣬾ͳǧ֮⡣
Ӱɱ־йأɱֱ֮ʱøŹ˽һʮҲǰӰŵɱˡ
ȻԪôǮһӰɱ֣ɻ󡣵ǼȻԪľͲᷴԣֻзӡ
ԪһӰɱ֣Ȼĵġʵ΢Աʵ߽һˣûлܹ֮°ӰɱְȻٺòˡ
һӰɱʮоƷ˵ʵʵɾ֮ǿߣѾ㹻Լˡ
һöԪˮ˵䰺󡣵ǶԪ˵㲻ʲô
Ϣһ֮ˮɫҲָ˺վһ˫мӿԪǹ֮䣬ֳ˵ĸоϧ

ԪͻȻ̾Ϣһ
һǰʯڣԭΪӶġû뵽ʯȴֱʡûӣһоͳװ׷ˡ
Ԫ̾š˵ˮġ
ʯΪ𣿡
ԪĻˮæ˹
ݵӣ֪費Ҫ
ˮӴȡһɫССڣһһӡԪˮ˵һˡ˵ݣԪҪеķˮҲԥġϾ֮졣
ģ
ˮĻԪһʵͲµˮϿݵӣû뵽²⾹ȻʵǺ˷ܣһһ˾ûа׷ˣ
ҿ
ԪһѽӹһСʶɨһ£Сϱо̲ŵۻϸϸȷȷʵݵӡ
ܺáҪӡˮ飬ζˡšȥչһ¡
Ԫӣ붺
ѾûԪҪԪСܹó㹻ԪĻǰӰŵİӰɱʮϾͻԼȥˣ
ˮ飬¡úϢɡ
Լ֪ԪҪȥʲôˮ˹ԼԱߡ

ˮ˵ͷȥ˿ԪܸоԪЩֵֹġ

һƬ֮أԭԪĵطȴִˡһƬѩռΪУҲ칬ԪԪϳɽ֮ԪеһУռˣ
һ
Ԫɽ磬Ѿ֪ˡ
쿴ԪɽΨһǻһЩԼԪ顣û뵽Ԫɽ֮󣬾ȻϢȻԼҲѰˡ
춼ЩɣԪǲھĶɽ֮ˡ
ɾǶ˼е֮ҲûҵԪӰǵҲǰ˶ģϷ𣬱ȵءѰԪ䡣
ǰһսս
£˵µʱ䣬ҳԪ䡣˵ֻҪһ¾Ѿ㹻أʱȥˣȴһƤëҲ㻹칬һ޴ʦ˵ô㣡
ŭû뵽ԼͷȻôһȺһССԪҲҲ
ͨ
ôһŭһˢľϹȥ¶ڲò
ɾɾɾٸһЩʱաһҵԪģ
ʹ
ûˣ

ֱһ˵ϣֱӽĳһ̲Ѫˮ
һ飬췴׽šܿƷˡǾԪ˾Ʋ⡣
ԪССľ춼޷ȹĻô㲻ʲôɾת
ԪȴʧԼƤ£ԼĴ󻤷ͬ޵һ˵ķݣҲѰԪκ
Ψһܵ飬ԪѾҵ˿ԼһϢķõԼݲʹԼɱѶȡ
ĻôѰһ취ѰԪˡ
֪ԪΣյġԪתͬѰˡѰ˴һƷˣɾҪ޷ʱ䣬ԪȴԽһʱ̣
ҪԪﵽɾ磬ôĴΣˣ
Ԫʵ΢֮ʱҵˣȻɱսȭͷ


422 Ԫ
ԶӰŵİӰɱʮ۾վһ߸ߵ֮ϡ
ͺһһ㣬վ֮䡣û˵Ҳûжʵϣ˶°ס鶼ûУ˾ͺһѱı
Ӱɽһص֯Ӱһļɡһ񣬾ͱɡȥ
ⰵӰʮȻԪôʮû֮ǰԪ;Բ
ȻڰԪɱˡԪҪðӰʮɱˣڱԪĹУӰʮɱˣҪհӰŵĹظǮ
ԪòǮпܷӰ׷ɱ
ǮɱˣǮɱˣƺǰӰΨһҪ顣
ⰵӰǱںڰһ֯ԸӴӰšһΪӰŵˣʵǿ˲ΡΪӰŵɱ˲գۡ
ڱһ壬峤ӶӰŵһλɱ֣ɱһƷˡԭӦøһʵǮơ峤ó˼еǮƣȴһԪ
ԭΪӰŲںһԪϾһöԪ帶İ˵ʵΪһΪӰŻˡû뵽ӰŵϾͽһ壬½һǧȫɱˡ
һŵǧһŵǧʬΪһöССԪⰵӰţȻɱһˡǧȫһغΪ˵ǷǱ̬
ҲΪԭ򣬴Ժ󣬼еɺͼ嶼׷Զ밵Ӱš
ҲһӰɱֺǽ䱸ԭ
һ߽䱸һӰɱʮһοˮ顣һŮ˵ȷʵһԵĴϣˮܹ߳
ŮˣǺ׽áرˮⱾͺܴʱһ˾ͺͬһ㡣

ȣԪѾ֮һط
ԪѾ˲ôˡʲôʱհǰ˺ĻôԪҪʵͲܡʵҲͬҪвá
Ԫȡ˼öӣǰȻȡ飬ҺЩ֮ϡ
ԪһǰδеĽź
ӺӲһӼ˵һ֮һ
ݷȻתΪӵʣȴɹݵ˶ûм
һöӣֻһöܷѿһöѿУֻһöܳҶ
ĳ󣬿ÿʱÿ̶пӵ
ڱô֮УɶǾƷ˶ԸԼԪҲԸݡҲΪԪ;ѡԪŻ֮ϡڳΪͨõĻң
ԪҲЩĲԼҲ޷ӵĻôʧһ
رˮЩӣԪûмӣʵûжİա
ȣ
ͻȻ䣬һѿһöͻȻ뿪γһѿ
һĻԪɫһϲʱ˿
ԼҲͬá
ܿ죬һһӿʼѿˡ֮죬֦ɢҶϳֿȻγһӡ󣬳죬Ȼ䡣
ЩӣԪֻ˷ޱȡ
ЩӣԪͿԪˡԪҲûп۾ץס˴Լöӣһϱ˰ɫķĩ
ԪĬĬתſھӣģԪ֮УȻһɹɻ棡
Щ潫ݷĩڵһЩȫոɾֱԪϵšһԪ֮۳һöԪ
Բһۻɢ˳ŵֻ־ˬ
ԪƳɹˣ
Ԫɵ÷˷ܵ
һöԪƳɹ֮ץһӣ«šɷĩȻɻ棬ɾ
һεٶȱһ֮һһʮöԪ
Ԫܿȡ顣ɽڣȡٶȼ֮죬رʯ£ǲƬ̵ʱ䣬㹻Һ塣
ԪֽЩҺ壬֮ϡһдеķ
ԪһڷԪһҲڷڸԼԪϢ
ȻǰӰɱʮԼǿɲԪԼе鶼ǰӰɱʮ֪
Ԫʶӿһʶ̽Ͻһֹҽǵҹðʶ׶ɱԱ֤ԼʹԪ˸֣
ҹĻܿ콵٣Ԫר־Ԫûκε
ԪûжҲȥʱˮ֣˫ַˮĺ֮ϣתˮָơİæ֮£ˮԺתˣѾָ߰˳ɡ
ԶǸ߹ĺվ˸߸ߵʯͷ֮ϣˮ¹⣬ĵԼë
ۣƯ߹ëëֻĺӲܹӵУ
תͷȥסһ⻪תëë˳ҽëϵĻҳ۹Ҳһȫɾ
һеһУԵôİҹĻĽ٣ﶼϢ


423 ɱ
һϵʱ䣬ԪǧöԪаӰɱʮߣԪ˼ˡ
Ԫû뿪һطšԪһһӰɱʮҪԪԪԼҲҪԪ
⼸ʱ䣬ˮҲԱˡ
ʲô˵ǻΪԪƬ㸸׶ֵģ
ദ˼֮ˮ鵹ǺԪ׽ˡһЩ飬ԭԭԪ
ʯڶԭԪһȻû뵽һڶȻǣǰԪ
Ԫɽ֮˶Ԫơ

ˮҧҧӣ
Ԫɾ֮ʱѣƬķѣд󲿷ֶɾáҸʯҲҵõһ顣
ˮľ
Ԫɾ֮ƬȻҲ̲ҸΪԪƬ֮󣬾ͿԷʵͻҲһû뵽ô꣬ҲûܹԪƬ
û뵽һûõĶȴ֪ô֪˸ôһԪƬԾڸ״֮ʱɱ֡Щ죬ԪƬû׷ɡʣǾԲԪƬġ
ˮҧҧշһĻǰţҧгݡ
ԪҲû뵽ԼǰƬԪԭɾԼƬڣȻ̲޾ԼܹѰ˿ġʯܹɾܹռԼ
Լȴ
һƬ֪жҪܹõ϶õԼʵǿ
Ҫ֪ԪһëԽһƷ׾ٵɱġ˵һƬ̲ص޾
ԪԭΪˮ飬õѾǼ˵ˡû뵽ȻԼƬ

ڼ˸˼ʱһЦ˹쳹һ㣬˵Ķ͸һëȻĸо
һˮ鵱վΪһ˵Ϥһ㣡
ãǻˣ
ˮ鿴ǰֻǰ֪ʱƮһѪɫѪɫ֮У߳һͷɢѪӣ
һѪۣһ˫Ӹͬһħһˮ˵ϣһһ
󣬻ʮµӡǴʯڵĵӡһһһӴӪ
һȺӳ֣һõɱˮ鿴ŻһǺǿ־塣һħͷУˮֻд̹ǵĺ⡣
Ԫȴһվˣ¶ȵ顣
УӵԼһƬԼû뵽Լˡ
ߡˮ飬㾹Ȼߣ𣿡
ĿһһͻȻһӡһԪΧԲ֮ڣһƬƬ֮ڣȻһһԴ
һµӴͷ˳һӾͽԪ˸ΧУ
һٸµӣټٲȻγһǿƵݣԪ˰ΧˮйͨõԪ˸·ӣ
ԪĿⶼ˻ϡ
˻Ϊһ㣬ﵽ˰Ʒ⣬ʵôԪĺǿԶԸ
磬㡣
ˮû뵽ȻôˣЩҪԪм߳ȥȴԪһסˡϾһģԪ
Ҫ˵齻
Ԫͳ˹ֹסˮҪ˵ĻȻԪĿ˻ϣһ˳ȥ
ʦţϾɱԪľֶ𱨵ˡȻǵһμ㣬СҪˣ
Ԫ˹壬𱨵ˣж٣Ԫɱ٣

ԪĻԪʵһǰδеĺЦ
СӲŲƷ˵ʵȻҪɱһƷˡֱЦ˴ͺһֻС˵Ҫɱһͷ޴Ĵһ㣡
ڻΧһȺˣҲǷ׷״ЦԪﾡǳŪ顣
ӦþСӺǸŮɱɳǰɡСӣҲһ仰һˣһúܲҡŮˣҲǻúܣ
Цһ˫۾ӹԪֱϣ˵Σ˿ڿˮ
һԹ׷ɱˮ飬ԭΪǴСãû뵽ȴôһ欵ǲУһ㹻úð漸ˣ
ԪҪɱ˲öǮһǧԪͿˣ
ڴʱӰʮ˹
Ԫûлشֻǿ˻ԪǰǻڵشЦԪһ߸ϵ顣
ǰƷˣۿȥһƬ֮УֻʵߡǴʯɱ˭ɱ˭˭˭˭ҷԼ˭Լ
ɫɫӵΧһȺµҲشЦ˫ֲԪͺһСһ㡣
һССĶƷˣȻҺһƷ˽а壬ȫǻˣǵӡУûпһС֪ߵغˣ
һƬЦ֮УԪɫƽͻȻһȴ﷢
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424 ֵ
˵ؿԪڿһСһŻߵһȺµӣҲسЦ
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ϸȥȴԪһһǻҪЦΪʵ벻һƷˣʲôԸԼ
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Ԫĸ֡Ȼǻ˹ȥһȺµӣǲģûҪȥ׷ɱǣ˷ʱ䡣
ͷԼƬҪҵġԪһץ˻ĴʶҪɨӣһ˹
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ˮ㶵ؿһУЩšû뵽ĴȻһˣ
סƬ̺ˮȥһһźݺ˻ϡˣ𱨣ԼĸףˣõԼˮڴֻк⡣
ĿҲͬԪϣղԪʮԪȻûпҲһӴĿ
ԪԭжԪ֪û뵽Ƭ̵ĹԪ͵õôԪ
ѾɹˡҲ˳ΪԪ
Ԫʶڴһɨܿ췢һϤϢһһӨ͸Ƭͷ˳һ龧Ө͸ƬԼƴСܹһһľ
ԪƬ
ԪץסƬԸоƬɢŵŨ֮һƷ˶Ҫǿ
Ƭ֮ڣ̲Լ
ϤϢϤĸоԪصѩ֮ϣԼλɾһĻ
ҫԻͣг裬һĻһĻǰ֡õԪսȭͷҧ
ʧȥĶһҪֽһ
ԪŹȥʱƬͻȻҪڻһ㣬ҪԪڡΪоԪˣ
ΪƬԪУƬ̲֮صҲֻԪܹ
ȴƬʱΪһƬ͵ˮǰ¶Լݡ
ȻԪˮ飬ȴȫ
Ԫһֱ֣ӽƬ˴ڡ
ԪƬ
ˮƺҲԪҵʲô˹
ԪƬȻ󣬵ȴ޷ˮ飬Ķûкôʱܰɡ
Ԫд
ðɡ
ˮҧҧԪƬҲȷʵûʲôáΣɱ
ˮ顣
Ԫˮ顣

ŮԪǰ
ѾҵˡǵҲˡͻصȥҩ϶ԸɽڡңҪȥһˡ
Ԫ˼һµʮԱߣһƷӦܶˡˮ飬ڴߵĻ鷳رˮ飬ʵͣһһİˡ
ǡ
ҧҧ촽ԪֻǶƷˣһⴳ
ûϵΣգһڵġ
Ԫƽ
ðɡˮ飬ߡ
˵ͷתסˮ֡ˮĿԪһۣڻǸһ뿪ˡҲ֪Լʵ΢ﲻԪæԸɴһ뿪ˡ
ڴʯڣѾһƬңˮȥҲı䲻ʲô


425 Ƭ
Ԫ֧ˮ˿ʮڵķվԶڿᣬһģûӰ졣
ԪóƬʱƬ֮ϣһϤϢӿ˽
ɾƬʲô˶ܹģرʵµˣǿռУǻⱾ֮ȻԱգ
ԪһץƬϡƬܵ˼һ㣬Ȼڻ˲۽Ԫڣ
Ƭ̺ԪĶǸ֮У͸оһƬƬĴڣͬƴСԪܹԸоƬľ̲ŵۻ
ԪתܿƬ֮ڵҲǷӿͬˮһ㳱ӿһһɣӿԪÿһ缡֮УԪ壡
ЩԪĽ֮ں󣬾һһ³ˢԪÿһ缡ÿһǡܿԪ˵
۾ֻоԼһƬȪ֮СĸоϤһɹˢ塣
Ԫ۾ݺһƬ֮С
ܿ죬һԽԽۻ룬ԽԽ󡣷͸Ԫÿһ֮С
ΪЩԭԪУԻ۽Ԫ֮ں󣬾Ȼûа谭
ͨ
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ԪоһɹۻĴˢԼ塣
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⣬Ʒ˵ĸо
Ԫɵһû뵽ŲƬ̣ԼʹﵽƷˡ
ҲģϾɾƬɾһëһƷ˿ȵġҪ˵ƴһƬˡ
ͽ˽׶ΡһƷƷֻ۴ѡƬ̲֮޾ۻޱȵԪƬ֮ʵŻһӽƷˡ
Ʒһȭ֮£ԴһڶƷ֮£ʹ˰ʮ֪ҵʵΣ
Ԫɵһȭǰ˹ȥ
ǰһƬľԪȭͷƿնȥ˲䵽˰˰֮⣬һ£һƬľ˲Ϊ촷ۣ׷
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ûʯ޷Գȷ֡ǿΣҲ߰˰ˣ
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Ʒˣн˰
Ԫɵһ
һ֮£ÿһ磬ʵǰһĽʮԽ棬ʵԽֲ
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Ϊɸļӳ֣Ʒ˲ܹһǧ
û뵽ԪûɸƷ˵£Ҳ߰˰ٵԺƷ˿⣡
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Ԫױ𾪵ˡоԼڵۻ뵽һ޷ĵزѾԼһļޡ
У뾡쿪ɸСɵѾһˡ
ԪͻƷˣѾ˵ͽ˵ˡһֻпɸܹн˵ľ硣
ɸɸĻҪϰʱ䡣
ԪȻûôʱ䣬ֻܹҩİ
ԪͷһԼ塣Լ֮ڴǰǿÿһ֮ڴǰҲӵı˾֮УõԪ¶
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ԪҲǾϲѡû뵽ԼƬ֮У̲ۻ
ԪѾͻƷˣҪľɸɸڱطӦġ
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ͨ
ڼǧĺ˫һһԪǰ
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ԪͺӰһűڵķ˹ȥǰӰɱʮźͬһٶȣüͷ𡣲ҲûԥȻȥ
ԪǮԪΧԪⰵӰʮֻܸԪߡ
Ԫվ˺ӵĺ֮ϣĬĬΧХóӣҲ˷ʱ䣬ʼԪ
һϵϰԪԪٶԽԽˡһʮöԪɡ΢΢һЦһ£ͷ˴Уּʼ
㹻ԪΪ֧ţããɽ֮ߣ׵öˡ


426 ·
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ǰǾǧöԪ첻ܿյġǮΨһɱˡ
ˣһԣһ˵Ȼ·ٵƷˡ
ȴţһнˣϾһҪƷƷµģǾͻԥĳΪ˶Ʒˣ˵ĺԸһͽǼֱ׾١
ŵʱ򣬴Զһֻɺ׷һ⣬ٶȿ˾档
ˣ쿴
ٶȺÿ찡ȻԦɺף
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ԪĿҲƷ˵ϣȴһһ֣俴ԼһģΪһﻹһݡ
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ԪĿϴһ£һ۾ѾǵʵԪҲǶϾڷ֮⣬˶ӣҪִˣáڵĵ֮Ǹ·Ҫ
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ԪһץöԪͷ˳ȥһΪһٷ˵
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죬ϴǸӲ磡
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ȻԪһתֱӴһٷ˵ɨ˹ȥһӾͽٷ˵ӿΣѪĽ촦
Ƭ֮䣬ƷȫһغԪ˺ӱϣһץϵĴȫԼ
Ӣˣʵ̫˲ˣ̫ˣ
һӾ͸ɵƷˣʵ̫ǿˣҶľͬϽˮ಻
ԪɴĽƷˣӲɵþ˳ûпɱͬˣɱһ򵥵أ
Ԫû˴
һö
һǧö
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ȻһӵõǧöԪԪ¶ϲɫ⼸ٷһ·٣˲СĺƣȻǧöԪŸĿ滹Ҫ࣡
ԪҪⴢʱͻȻһƿ֮˹
һĽ֪ӺζȻԪüĴһޱȣֱָģõԪ׹˱ߣæһΣգһӶǰնԪƺ˿
˾Ȼһ֣


427 Ǯ
һޱȣХһնԪļͷ
ԪоһֵǿϸȥȴǰһƯһµӣ
üĿְֶȻĸоͺһվ֮䣬Ʈҡһ㣬žѷһ˫ĿסԪѾԪⶼһ㣡˫Ŀ·ûκζܹӹ۾
ȻһƷˣ
Ԫɫ
ԪǿܣƷˣ
ԪµĺӼһæҪתܡԪվţһ
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ԪûǺӵƨһץȻӵϡ
һһԪһ£澹ȻǧöԪ
Ԫ΢΢һЦ˻С
·٣ԭǸЧ顣ֻǸЧ飬ζŸ߷աʲôĽԼǶж񱨣ԪͱԼ
ԪһҪŷǱӶȥ
ͻȻʱһȻԶĶСһ
ٷǣ˵ȣ˿
ٷǣ˵ȣ˿

һ·ڶʮⷢǴ뵽ԪУȴۻɼԷһһһĸ֣
Ԫû뵽ǣȻ˷ǣ
ⱱһǿ߰
ԪʶɨȻǸоʮ⣬һƺƴ󣬻ֺޱȣ
Ԫʱ˿̣ȻܹͱͻԪæһԶӶȥվʮ￪⣬ⱱķ
ֻԶһƬܲƮƮʮž޴ɽλʻΧһȺȺʿֽУм䣬һӶµƮ裬ظСһõռ䣬ƳһƬ֮Уƽ컨׷£һ꣡
һƬԪУԪһ֮ϣζȻһɻ
ⱱȻô֮


428 ּС
ֺƣĳӣһƬƬƮõϿգԲʮ֮أ㡣
ԪԶţⱱǴ󡣵ԼɾʱҲûôųŲһСС;ȻŪôɡǰţ
һžװʿһһЩ֮Уʵ͵ĶƷˣ
ʮÿһ϶ѺŸ󷨱ɵЩǱѲθأɽɵĹƷÿһΧĸƷţ޷ֺ
ڱĳ֮Բʮ֮ڣһƬеǶԾס˺ҿһ䡣
ĳ˭Ҫǵʱһ˱ùͷǿɾòܹģǴһ㹻һƬˣ
Ǳ֮Ѳαݣ޲ϣ
ԪԶţǺҲëĶԪ󡣿óӶµųҲϵܵĿ־塣ϾЩκһ֣ɸɵҪ˵Ǳˣȥһۣ

ԪԭҪȥģźǰڡڲڱڣӰɸ
۽ɨһϵĻΣԪһסˣ
ΪϵһٻӰԪϤһˡԪȥֻһϣһ£ͬӵŮ㷢Եþޱȡ
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СһɽģСɣҪȴԼôڹСɷ䵽˱
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һμֺɵˡ룬һξǱ֮ء
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ⱱû¶Ӱ⻨εѹ˸оֲԪֻôͷ֮ϣ֮УͺһɽѹȶֻúѣֻоҪϹȥĳ嶯µϣ˳
ԪҧסĬĬš
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ԪҲ֪еʲôԹǿ϶һЩϵͷ
ԪʵҪӱｫСɶǲܵ顣
ܹӰ
ԪԼĻ
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ԪʮӰһҪⰵӰΪ£ҲҪѰһᣬӰʵ


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ԪһȡŸϢһѰſջܿԪһĺջǮͶһϷ
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һȭĹƣȻ֮ǰǿ˲٣ܹһ¡֮ڷڸתĺ
ߣ
ԪֻһƷˣƷ˺ž޴ĲࡣһƷ˶ԪķΪ⣡
ҲһƳһҵĿ磬ӭԪĹƣ
ƷˣƷˣžԵƣֻҪһƣͿԽԪܣȻһĴɸˣ
Ʒ¶˵Ц·𿴵ԪɳȥѪһĻ
ɾȭƽӵһɲǡ

һǰδеĺ¡쳹ռ䶼һƬǵŰϯžžڿдܹ֮𻨵âţ֮һ̾ͱƳΪ촷ۣ
ԭȭƽ֮£ƾеġ⹥ƸոһϣԪڣ಻ĲϢͽŷӿȥ纣ХȻһһǿһӾͽƷ˵Ĺѹȥ
ʲô
ƷȫûϵһƷ˵ھȻŷǿĹƣһӾסˣ
ȻһɲǣԪĲȭһžžƷ˵һֱֻۣеĹͷ÷ˣ˶Ʒ˳ȥ

Ʒ˷һĲҽУͨ˰֮⣬һѪ˳
ԪҲһ¡û뵽Լûзӳ֣ҲԴﵽ̶ֳȡʱڵĲϢڷתţγһһԪΧУ
һɲܵϢֻоڳ޾
һƷ˱Ʒȥһֳ˵ϣܿöԪ
Ȼϵһֻ֣ǵҲһƷˡŲôױأ
ҾȻһƷ˸ɵڵˣǶһ̿ʼҪʶƷ˵ƣ
ƷһͻȻǰӡʮֵƣȻȻһƣһǿ˲侢γһԲεУӣһƬŤԪѹ
һеٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ£֮Уֻһеļ
һĻԪɫҲһһȭȻת֣


433 
һдƣƷеʵһбŷЯŻصܣݿ࣬رѣ
ĹƣԪ·ӡǿѹӼԪĺս֮ģ
䣡
ԪһȭȻȥһ㣬һпռ䣬һȻм䣡
ͺһǰδеķâ˲ײһ

һǰδеı쳹ԭѹĴƣ˲ڰѣõռ䶼Ť
ԪĲȭȻ֮д͸ͬգһƷˣ
һƷ˷һд֮ΪԪԵֵסġ
û뵽ԪĲȭȻֱӴ֮д͸ˣصɱת˲
ã
һһƷֻоǰδеϢȻ˸ŰΧס飬Щˣ޴Σ
Ҫѳȥȴռ䶼·һѹױѹסһ㣬Ҫã
˫˲ɴ󣬷˾飬ȻһȭȻ£һӴѶѪĽ
ͨ
һǰδеĿ˲Ʒ˵Ļ£ָоеľʶȫһ㣬˫óŴÿԪһ鴤
ôܣ
һƷôҲ뵽ԼȻᱻһССƷ˴ܣһĲʺ;㵣ѾһԵȥ
ģһ˿ϢҲվɢˣ

ԪɵһƷ֮ʱһƷ˹ҲȻһ̤£ֱӽԪķȵñѿ
һץԪķ֮ϣȴһƬյʲôҲûУԸˣԭֻһ
תͷһĿԪıֿ˿ԪǰƷˣһ˿㵵飡
ôҲû뵽һССƷˣȻɵһƷˣ
㾹ȻɱƷˡȻһֵĶ֣һΣ㲻ҪɸĹҲҪһó
Ʒ˹͵һתԪĿɭȻɱһ֮󣬾ͻ˻һ㣡
ƷˣȻʵǿ󣬱֮Ʒ˸֪ǿٱһĿ⿴˹ʵʣһõԪĿ֮£ֻĸо
һµĶ֣
Ԫɫޱȡ
ԪоƷ˹ۿ£ֺγоԪأ
ŲƷ˵ʵȻɱһƷˣպҪСӳɳһ޴Ļ
һ˱ˣﻹãһˣͱϾɱΪɳպԼͷʱնԼԴոԼ
ǹ뷨ҪԪֵʱǰվŵԪȻһһӾʧ۵ǰƷˣԪȻСƷѾˣ뿪ĺʱ
ܣ
ԪӶɫһҲȥ
ƷѾˣû˿ճĸ٣Ԫһ뿪֮Уۿɲұ֤ԼܲҵԪ
ӰһһҲǸѹϣ
ڰתһֻεľ޴ƣһֻεľ޴ƣ̲ƣȺ嫣飬ȻǿǿĹƣŰѹ£ֱӺԪǰ޴ɱϯ赲סԪĵ·
ȭ
Ź۷׷ţǰйһǿĹƣԪûѡ
ŭһһȭϣܵϢϣһ£һϣһ£ԪֻоԼذһѪӿվȣԵ˹ȥ
Ʒ˵ʵʵ̫ˣԪ֮䣬ȫ֮Ԫһȭȥ˭֪˲ͱԷѹ촷ۣ
Ԫ˳ȥٴվʱɫѾһƬ԰ףǴѪڸղŵһ֮£Ȼ˺صˣ
ߣӲ˵ģ
ԪģȻ֪Ԫˡϵɫӵ
ֻҪɱƷˣȻ´ɸʱ򣬱ԻصɣһͣʱƽȻָտɴ
Ʒ˹˸˷ܵĹâΪԪٶԽԽԽԽˣãϾҪԵڵһ㣡
ǴɸҲ·ԼԽԽˣֻҪסԪͿԵõɸԪܲԼϣڣ
Ȼӿٶȣ
ԪǰţҧȻʹȫȴ޷Ʒ˵׷
ϵԽԽأϢҲԽԽ΢ֻҪһת¾ĸо
򣬷·߼ҪһͷԵڵһ㣡
ǹ۵ЦӵɱԪְΧס
Ҫ׷𣿡
ԪĵĿǰ档ʱҰУһͷӴɺ׳ǰȻ
ˣҪ£ĺˣ
һХ֮쳹Ǻӿ˶һХȻ˫צһץȻץסԪһǰ˳ȥһƬ裡
ӵٶȼ֮죬񱼶ֺХһУֻڵʯһ˲֮䣬˸Ӧ
Ʒ˹۸ûϵᷢôһĻֻǰһڣȻԼ׷ҪֵһһӾʧԼǰۿʱԪѾԼͷϣƮҡɼˣ


434 Сɵ
ˣˣüʱɡ
Ԫ˾֮ϣӵд˹
Ԫվ˺ӵĺϣЩʱֻץסӵëǿ֧סԼ塣һƷ˵һƣʵ̫ǿڶЩ¡
úܼʱһúýġߣȥǡ
Ԫĺӵĺ󱳡Ȼ٣ǲò˵ÿڹؼʱܹʱϹܹͻɺ׵߾ͺˡٶȽ쵽һ޷ĵز
ŶҲ
ӺХһǰ۶ȥԪ˿ϵƷˣһ˿ɱ
һεĳȼţȵԼǿһҪɱȻҸԼɱԼˣ

ɺף
ԪԦһͷɫɺ뿪Ʒ˹սȭͷ


ٶŤŭ˸š
ԭԪѾˣۿҪԼԪˡû뵽·ɱһʲôɺףȻ˸ˣ
ɺ׵ٶȣ֮УǿǿġƾƷ˹۵ٶȸ׷ϣϾҵʣԻֽɺ
ڲɸûõ֣һɵˣȥν
۸оͷƤЩŻɽҪ´ټƷˣ֪Ʒ˻ǿʲôزϾһöɸܿͿԽƷ˾ģ
ҧҧǸԪҲŷǱ˹ȥܹܲǿɣ

ǣ޴Ĺ֮УһƬԻޱȡ컨㣬Ʈ£ŨʻݣдУξ
ĵطסţû˻᲻ãûԸ뿪ǴʱϵĹСȴһ㯡
С˼һˡ
ʱѾȥôˡ粻֪ûзɽ硣˵ҵġ֪ʲôʱ
Сһ˫ߡôϣԪܹǰ
һŮˣźӣһɽ磬Ŀף֪ôȥ
ԪΨһľСϣԪԿԪһ棬ȴֺԪΪΪ߻һµˣ
뵽һͬħŮˣСɻһëȻĸо
СŶӣСѾ΢΢¡ˡ½ʮ»̥̥ҪꡣĶӣ֮ڴǰѾ¡˲١
Сɵִ˶ϣܹԸоСĺȳƣԵ÷ʢһСҲһȫµϣ
һһССͻο塣ΪԪĺӰܵСĴڣСɾͺܵԪĴһ㣡
һ뵽ʲôСɵ֮С
ΪСԼŻᱻصġһ뵽СպˣСҪӿ
ΪʲôĲԼСûгҪΪ˵ĹƷ
СɻһձԼ飬޵ӣɫĳ裬Ϣϣ˷ܵĹâȻ˹Сɵǰ
ĶʥӤʺϸұɾΪƷӽ쿪ʼұŮˣ
ı˹
ǿߵʵǰСɸ޷Ҳ֪⹱Ʒʲô˼ģˡ
ԼĶӣԺһҪɾ϶ᡣҲ˵ԼԪĺӣǵһ죬ҪΪɾϵĶ֮ˡ
ζԹСɲŻ˵ľ
ȻڱڵĴһжãҲǼ£Ūҩɵ˹СɡǹСȴҲֻ֪ǱҪʥӤǿѡʥӤһӵ˾Ʒʣɾ϶ͻ˳ɹ
СԹһССһƷˣôǱһĶأ

ӴԪص˷ǣȻĵ뿪ˡϾ̫Ӵһޣڷطױ˶ϵġ
һԪɫԺһЩĺջ˹ȥǻһƬƽûκε쳣ģǰӰŵҲûж֡
ԪǱĺջȥ¥ʱ򣬸պǴͶ
ǻ׼˺üǧԪȴƤëҲûеõ
ǰһֵǴ󷽣ȻóöԪ
˺һƷءС治֪ߵغɸܲ»һأ
ǣ亦õöɸ֪Ҫ׷ɱ

һһ۵˹ǴͶġԪǲҲû˵ֱԼķ˹ȥɸѾˣͶ뿪ҲȻġһҲǣǵĻԪҲ֪ɸȻҲõɸˡ
ԪؿڣЩ̡ǱƷ˹һ֮µˣڻЩʹѵ
Ԫ˷ţó˰ɹ;׽ʱһɹתӿԪµÿһ缡֮С
ģԪϱһ¡ǾԪһת֮󣬱Ԫڵż˾
Ԫ۾ĬĬصϢš
һöɸԪĴڣšɸķãĽɣԪһʱ֮䣬ܹ׷áҷ֮󣬱չԪȵȳС֮ٷɸˡ


435 
֮󣬱뿪˷ǣǻֺӪ嫵ĳӣ֮ǰһǣֶ˼ɵĹƷֶЩǷ֮ȥġһˣƺƵ뿪˷ǣ
ͱǧһͳ
ڱĳ֮󣬷֮ŷе߹ֱĳʧǰþã̧ͷ
һǿ߽٣ϵϣЩʱգ¿ǹޱȣûһ˸Ҵ˵һ䡣
ڱĳȥ֮Ԫܿ͸ȥûдϺӣֻúԶš
ӵʵ̫ӴˣúӸԼĻĿ̫һӾͻᱻֵģҺҲҿó̫Ϊ±һŭֱӽץˣˣƾٶѣֿµģٶȸûã
ԪĬĬظȥβš
ʶҲǷɨĳⱱһԸǸǿߣû˸Ҵ򱱾⡣
Ԫ˺þãҪ̽һ°Ӱŵ䡣ǷţȴûиоӰŵ䡣
ⰵӰźǳʧһ㣬ûиϱĶ顣
ѵⰵӰŵĿ겻Ǳ
Ԫüͷ
ԪѰ˼ĥ֮ʱǰĻֺ복֮ǰͻȻӿһźƣ
һźӴޱȣͬһɨһõ񷶼
Ȼıʣõñ˶Ǵ󾪣ʧ롣ʱһź֮УϱıʸХ
飬ͬһ㣬˹һͻȻѸͣԤıģ
ãǰӰ
һƷ˴һҪٻֵ˭֪һ񽣹ᴩֱӽԴ룡ѪĽķѣ
һƷԵڵһһغˣ
ⰵӰ̲ŰӰɱֵѹ˵ǿޱȣƷҲֵסοأ
ǧİӰȻ飬޵һ˲֮䣬Щıʿ׷ײҽʬҰ֪˶٣һһûüһغˣ
еˣٻ˷ֵⰵӰʵ̫âȻҲˣҲһغ
äĿģһƬʬᣡѪӿ۳һӣ
ֵǣڱл֮ڣȴһһһ㣬ЩӰԭ˱Ļ֮ϵģȴͻȻת˷Х˹ȥ˺Щηֺ
ˣͻȻܼĹ֮£ԭıӣҲʧ޴һ˽롣ѪܣҲ̶á
ʣˣһһɫ԰׵ĿΧ嶼ɪɪš
ǿǱ׽ʿԭڱߣҲʵ׿ĳ֡ͻȻϮĹƣȻǶ޷ֵɼʵ֮ǿ£
ڱطʲôܹ
ЩʿʧĴ֮ʱһһӰͻȻڸ߿˳һɫĺ¾װ罣ÿһ˶·һģһϢһֺ󣬾ͽӸΧס
ȻһٰʮӰɱ֣·һ㣬Ƭأ
Ӱţ
һĻбһû뵽һľȻǴİӰţ
ⰵӰŲ򣬱Ϸ𣬶Ĵ֮еκһҲħ磬ǶĽ
ӰŵʵҲǼ֮ǿ£˵ӰŵİӰǴﵽʵ
û뵽һξȻǰӰŵϮѹ־Ȼֲܹɱ
ӣԭݵıʿǣɵһһţ
û뵽һľȻǰӰŵİӰɱ֣Ŀֲ֯㹻κһ˲
ԪԶһĻҲ𾪵ˡ֪Ӱźͱ֮䣬϶һѪ
û뵽ⰵӰŵɱȻôֲһη֮󣬾ͱôֲƻ
ЩӰõⱱʿһ룬ʬҰѪɺӣ
ԪҲЩˡΪ֪ⱱʿʵİⱱʿ԰Ӱţ޷ֵ
ɼⰵӰţǿֲ˹
һٰʮӰɱ֣һģһĴţһģһģһģһı񣬺һģ̻һ㣬˸߿֮УͬһٰʮӰΧס
ȻһٰʮӰɱ󣬻ı߳һһѵŮӣ飬ƮݣŮһ㣬һ˫ȴˮĿɨֲʳ˼̻ףҲۻ
һ֮ضһĿⶼϣһ׾Ůӣȴֲµʣȴһһһۺȴֲٿ
ΪŮӵĿ⣬̫̫һĿӴ֮£һֱļ⵶иĸо
һŮӣ˵սǶ࿴Ŀ⼸ۣͻ޷ܣ
˱ǰӰŵİӰϦһλǿߣ
һٰʮӰŵİӰɱ֣ټһλСİӰǿޱȣ
һԾŵԪҲЩ
ԪһԣȴľһᡣȴľǱͰӰŽ֡
ӰųˣһڳǿݣôһѪٲˣ
ѪԽԽãֻԪпܽСɾȳ
ԪĿ˹СɵĻ֮ϣֻҪңͷ˹ȥһʱ䣬Сɴ
Ԫ촽תӰҲԶȴţʱԸ


436 ʵ
˭ҲûϵȻ˵ҷûϵһ֮£Ȼʧôˣ
һٰʮӰɱ֣һ̵ϦһǿӪΧ£ˮйͨ
һǿߵĿѹ֮£˶׷ײëȻĸо
ʵѹʵֲ̫ˣվ㲻˵֮УҲսϣ
Ϧ㹻ˣ
ڳһƬɱʱһ˹ȴ˶ըһ㣡
Ľÿһ˵Ķ
ʱһĿˢˢһ޴Ļ֮ϣΪ˭ˣǱ
˵ˡ򵥵һ仰ȴ̲ϣһõ涼װ
Ծû¶棬ĵʧô౱ʿЩʧıʿ˵·ʲô
֮£ȫΪϣǧǧΣվֻ϶ѡ
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Ϧǰһ̤һϢɢǿ£ǶԶԪҲо˺ѣҪ˵Ϧ֮µЩƷˣ
ֻһһɪɪţҪϹȥˣ˵³һѪֱε˵ϣ
㱳ҸףҸĸ˫ҳΪ¶㾹Ȼ˵ˣҴδЫĳݶŮˣϦҪΪһиۣ
Ӱɱ
ϦһӣһһٰʮӰɱ˲飬Ȼ֯һž޴ĺɫڴ
ÿһӰɱ֣վ˴Ľڵ֮ϣɢķâ
һźɫĴתţ˵裬γһɫУ֮У̲Ŀɱ
ԪĿһ䵽һž޴Ĵ֮ϣֻоԼ˵Ҫ˳ȥһ㣡

Ԫһæͷ
ƷʹõʽǽʹõǾͽͨ
֮ͨǿ֮һͨԱ任򣬸ռ䣬ıͨ
ԭһٰʮӰɱֶֻǾƷ˵ʵû뵽ǽ֯ȻҲԷͨ
ԭϦֻСʵǱĶ֡ڿϦټһٰʮ˵İӰɱִôԸıδûʤ㣡
㸸̰ĽҵɫƾǲȡĸףҴɱңɱҲȻ
ףһҴȱΪһȱΪˣҲɱǶ𣿡
˹Ȼ󻨽εĴŴ򿪣߳һһѪѵŮӡ
ŮӼѪɫۣ⻪תӺݻͷŸΣҡҷŵԣһֺ󣬾һݻӺݣ
һ˫ӣǳԸУһ䵽˵Ϻ󣬺ܹ˵ĻǸߣ
Ǳһ޷ɧ˹ŮˣҲһȨ죬ѹŮ
ԪһӽԼΪĻᱻ֣
뿪˳ӣϾͻϦ֣ʱ򣬾ԼȥӪȹСɵʱˣ
ǿʶ
Ϧ΢΢ɷס
ʹúķɧ֮ҸܹԻĸ׹ҪȳҸףȴɱˡңǸƴҳȥܹŹңЫĳŮˣⱱ˫մȾ˶ٵѪҾҪΪѪծѪ
ϦǰһӿȥϦĲӣͷ֮ϵһ޴ӰɱҲǷ
һɱɱ֣ȻҲˣãϦûɱ㣬˽ҲһҪΪ˰ӰʸҵĶ֣
йâʢͻȻһֱϦȥһԭǧ׵ľ˲һֱϦ˹
ϦҲһӭȥ˸һƴ̼䣬ر任ʱ䣬ռ䣬һйǵƷű仯Ť
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Ȼ֣Ͼ˼ˣҲھ֮Уȥտε
ԪӰһͬһȻŹСɵĻ˹ȥ
һ·֮ϣ֮أȻûһΪЩҪôڵֵǿƵನҪôѾĶԾ𾪵ˣӦῴԪ
Ԫˢһ˹СɵĻ֮У
СѾľˣԾǻ֮⣬ٴ飬˵ʲô¡
ؿǰ֪δӻôɾʱһӰ˽
СһܵתҪͱס͡һȴִʱǰľȻ˼ҹԪ

СҪ˵ԪʾС㡣Ȼɿ֡
ԴӾһ֮ɽ磬Ѿ֮á̶̵£Сȴ˼һ㡣ʱԪܵסôʱյĻ֣̿壬ѹֵȫӿ˳һԪĻʹ
Ȼѹỹǻӿ滨꣬һӾͽԪϵ·ȫʪˡ
£СɣˡҪ£ڣûϵ
ԪĴŹСɵļοšЩʱգùСһںɽʧĿףҲȷʵܿˡ


437 ı
Ӱɱ
Ϧͱڰн֣ϦȻһڰһž޴İӰɱХȻΧУ
ߣƾССκεң
һ֮һӡХֱǾ޴ȥ
ԵĹƣǿᣬһ˲֮䣬һž޴֮ϣ
û뵽һƳȻֱӱһӰɵˣ
ʲô
ɫһ䡣û뵽ⰵӰɱȻ
ҿô꣬Ϊɱ㣡ѡڴ˵أҲΪ˵ʺϰӰķڣ㱱ɥ֮ʱ
Ϧһӣһӿӳ˾޴İӰ֮ϡ
ʱӰ֮ϵһٰʮӰɱ֣ȻһȻűХ
󷨵ļӳ֮£ЩԭֻоƷʵİӰɱ֣һһʵʮ
һӰ񽣺Х·ԶһУʱ䣬ռ䣬˲ŤÿһԵֵο齫һٰʮ
һӣΧĿռһȻޱɱͣǿĽŤĿ·â·ԸһУ
֮еıɫأ
ʱȴûлңֽӡһһɫĹ⻪ȻγһȦһȦˮΧȥ˰Χм䣬ܷ䣡
ɱ
ŭһƻʵһ㣬һˮ֮ϣ۳һһٰʮӰɱӭȥ
Ȼͨ
磬Խ֮ԽϢһеһУԱãͨڣ


ֻһ˺ѿռ䱻һƬƬиȻЩǰӰɱֵϣ

һӰɱֲҽѣ˺ɫҺ壬£ٶȺ֮죬һﵽ˼£ǷҲͬǼµģһն£˿Եֵ
ţڶ
ЩӰİӰɱ֣ûнӴȴ׷ƮһһȻȫ
Ƭ̣һٰʮӰɱ֣ȫԭصİӰҲƬɢ
һ޸߹ӺޱȵŮ˻𣬳ǰŮ٣˵ϺӺȣ
ʲô
һĻ˶סˡǰǿµİӰΧס֮ʱһһﶼǵǲѡΪ޷ܵס
û뵽Ȼ˿£̶ֻ֮ڣһٰʮӰɱ־Ȼȫˣ
һٰʮƷ˰ȻǿǰϣǾƷҲͬˣȫһ֮

Ԫ֪ʱţһ߰οŹСɣһŹСɵ֣Ҫߡûü˪䡣ʱ˿ֻ뽫Сɴȥ
СɣǿߡȻΣյġ
ԪҪŹС߳ΣǹСȴһӲˡ
ô
Ԫһ
磬ң߲ˡ
Сҡͷ޵滨ꡣ
ô
ԪĿ˹Сɵϣܿ˹СɵĶϡֻС¡𣬶Ԫо̥ϢȻһҪǿ٣
ǺӡǡһˣʱɱǺӡҲߣ
Сҧź촽
ӡǣ
Ԫһһַ˹СɶϣϸϸһܣȻо̥ĶǸһӡڡ
ҶӸʲô
Ԫ͵վŭâ㡣
˵Ƕ׿ʥӤѡڵ̫ϳϣɾǿߣҪһʥӤתᡣԲŻὫ£Ϊ˽ʥӤãȻȵ֮ʱٶᣡ
С˵ţ˵ţ޵øˡԪĺӰû뵽ȴˡһ


Ԫȭͷսÿ졣
ʲô˼Ԫô᲻סⱱڵ̫ϳǱ̬ȻҪɱһճӤ
ֻһǿߣڱڣɾ̫ϳϡЩ̫ϳϴڵĻΪ׵ɾ˱ˣ
ɾǿߣԪƵġеɾǿߣܻһꡣһҲоͷ֮ա
Щɾ;ƿ֮ʱ뾡˰취תȻķʽҲ޾ģԪпһաֻû뵽Ȼ䵽Լӵϣ
˵
Ԫݶڴˡ
ⱱڵ̫ϳϱˣԪǡԼΨһĹⰡ
ԪζҪըˣɾǿߵĻѾֽһͿˣ
ֻһССƷˣ˵Ǳڵ̫ϳϣǱһŮˣԪһͷ򲻹
磬ȲҪҡǻʱ꣬ҵòã֮һҪȳҺǵĺӡ
СסԪ֣һ滨ģԭѾˣû뵽ʱ򣬻ܹԪһ档
ֻһ棬Ѿˡ
ǡ
Ԫսȭͷ
磬ģڱġҪֻʥӤΪʥӤúóɳǱúöԴҡÿ춼ǳԵ̲鵤ҵĴһҲҪġ㣬ðôΣչҪǱ֣Ͳˡ
СɱסԪԪĻ
淢ʲôңСɲ֪ǹС֪ԪԼģ˱Щµı̫ϳϣ
СҲԲԪ뿪Ԫ޴Σ֮УԪ̫СԪԱѣοǴأ


438 
սڷţѽѷ֣쳣ң֮ڣСѾ޵滨ꡣ
ԪסȭͷһθоԼȻûúңȻԼŮˣԼĺӶˡ
ˣ磬ڷʱͷֿˡҲ֪ȥҪҵˡ
С̧ͷһ˫ӿԪӨỨ˸ţž顣ڶȹٵʱΪƱһ˳һЩ˪ȵɽ硣˪ҲͬзƼӳ֣ӦҲʲô⡣ֻǹСڷ֮أ˪ãҲûҵɼ˷ĵص㲢һ
֪
Ԫ˹Сɾµգ滨ģһͷǺӣ
СҲǱ۾˵§סԪĲӣǺ촽ȵȥšôò˼ҹǰСɶԪֻκ޾˼
ԪڹСϸܿ˹С˵ĺ촽סǻ۵࣬ϸϸ
СɻˣǷҷ˳ѡÿһ缡ÿһϢÿһ񣬶˳һӻص½磬ص˹żңصһС֮ϡ
֮ڣһƬࡣڻ֮⣬ȴɱ죡
һ񼤵ʱŤһĲҽ֮ΧЩʿǣֵסλĹƣġ
ʲôϦ㾹Ȼʹͬھʽ
ڰͻȻȻһµĹϯ͵õرɫȻһ¡죬ض
ǿµλΪģܼŴݿĹƣһ·ѹ֮Ȼûκܹ赲
ԭתһӳľƷǣҲǷһӾͱɨУžһ£ѣҷˣ
λǿߵȫһ£ԲʮڣһƬǽ壡µĹƣûܹܵס
СڵһΣԭǱ󷨼ӹ̵ģҲǱһը˿
Сģ
Ԫɫһ䣬͵رŹС˵˵ϡǵŰԪϣԪ쳣ʹĸо
̧ͷȴͷһ绹ڷ񼤵ţһУϯŻһеĿһ˵ס߽ӴһУΪ촷ۣ
֮УһһƬռ䶼Ť˾޴ĺڶУתţӰһƬɫ񷣡
ϦȻȫʧˣ
⣡
һĻҴ˶ɫ󾪡Ȼû뵽ڸղһ֮£λȻȫʧˣӰ
ѵͬھ
µ磬޾ϢռţҪÿһ˵꣡
һƬĿռ䣬ǵսĿǲĵâ𻨣˶סˣ
ĿλǿߵĿսҲĿλǿߵ䡣
ǡ
ڴҶΪλǿͬھ˵ʱڰлһӰһѪɫѣѾ鲻Ӻݵ˰УԾԵø߹ޱȡеתŰţУ
ȻǱû
㱱ûҲƣɫԵޱȵĲ԰סȻղŵĴսķ˲ٵľѪ
ˣʱ˿̵ıԾǼȿµġһһҲһƷ˻ҷ
ǱڸղµĹ֮£Ȼܹ
ǰ̫˲ˣ󾳽磬ǱСǿᰡ
ʿ֮Уʣ²֮һˣȫʵǿľƷˡǿ֪ղһƵĿֲģû뵽šɼʵĿ£
ԪҲ΢΢㵡Ȼͷ˹СɡҿԼղŻסԸղŰĹƣԻ
磬ߣ
񻨽ѾݻˣԪ͹Сɾͱ¶˵ǰСɵһʱо˲æԪ
Ԫҧҧ˵ⱱκһƷˣԪҲǵĶֻܹ֡ʱ¹СˡĻŹС뿪޷˼СȫŹСɣǴȥ
ֻ꣬вʱˣԼҪʱڣﵽԺͱԺͱʵУ
ԼĶӸһҪɱ
Ʒˣʶɾ⼸һܵ飡ϵ£ݺŽ񣬻ûгֹһˣ
ˣ磬һ澵ӡǱҵģȥɡ
Сƺ뵽ʲôӻóһ澵ӣԪĻ
ʲôӣ
ԪһҪȥǹСס֡
͸ġǸһ㡣磬ߣ
ƺʲôСһ͵ƿԪ
Ϊʱһʿ֪Ӻʱ˹Ȼ˴Ԫ˹
ɱȻõԪ嶼һӽӲ׹һ㡣
ã
Ԫɫһ䡣ȻɹСƿһԼ˹ȥһƿɾҪڹСɵˣ
㳦
Ԫһɨһ㳦ȻХһĹƣ
һŵıʿȫûϵԪֻᷴһХȻüһӱᴩ˹ȥ˲ɴ۾㵵ؿԪȻͨԵ˵ϣ
Ѫӿ
һʿΨһһҴƷˡ񱩵Ĺ֮»֪úòţȻҪܹ¡ǽ͵ˣͽԼ


439 
һƷ˱Ԫ㳦ɵˣǺܿһӾ;ˡһĿԪ˹â
ЩɲʲôƷˣǾƷˣѪ֮£۷ǿߣÿһʵǿޱȣһĿ˹˲ľ
߰磡
СҲһӸоΣ٣͵һֱӽԪ˳ȥ
Сɣһģң
ԪһֱŸ߿бӶȥΣյʱ̣ҲܴŹСӳȥˡŹСɣһΣյش
ӣ
ԪӶ֮ʱһҲȻ
ðұȻǰӰŵͬı
ɱ
ɱ

ӰѾʿҲһͿǺúȡʱ̡Щʿڱǰ̧ͷ
һ˻ֻƷ˵ʵʵ΢ȻҲðֱˣɱÿ
ԪӶһĸƷ˼ͬʱ֣һڿڷɽХֱԪն˹
ĵµĹƣĸͬʱХɱâһ˲䣬˸и
ԾƷ˵Ĺƣǿ£
ɱ󣡡
Ԫŭһߵ⻪ХȻĿڷɽ˹ȥ
߿ڷɽƺҲ֪Σ٣ɱֻһոոյ˹ĿڷɽĹ赲˴룡
һڷɽХϣԪն˹ȥɱŰһɱ̲ռһеĿ·â

Ԫ֪һڷɽһ͵һת
˺
һڷɽԺХԪֱϣӲһӣѪһɾʹ˲Ԫȫ£
Ԫҧס촽ڴšƷ˵ķɽȻͬ죬޷ܣ
ߣ
û뵽ĸƷͬʱĹƣȻһССƷ˸˹ȥ
ʱĸƷͬʱӶԪХȥ
ĸƷˣǿµĹƣԪǰԪССƷ˾ͺһ㣬ȫûз֮񱩵ͬһ㳱ӿԪһӽΧУ
ڰУֻԪƯţĵǿµĹƣѹһ˲䣬ҪԪ촷ۣ
ǿѹɱõԪ嶼ӡΧĿռ䣬һƬأҪȻˣϢ
Ʒ˵ĺһ֮£ԪֻоԼѾ׷ӡסˣܹ
˻
ɾʱһХ֮쳹ɺͻȻϮһץֱӽԪץס͵ذεض𣬺Хȥһ裡
䣡
Ʒ˵Ŀ¹ƣȻײһһ˲֮䣬ǿµķâŰƬ֮䣬أռһƬ𵴺¡
飡
һâ𻨣ҲĴĸƷˣķ񷴳֮£Ҳŵɶ
ԪǺӽ˳ȥС˿ղĸʿȥһأ
յһĻǺӼʱϵĻԪֻ·һ֮壬õԪʶʵҪԣǵɾˣ
հˣգ͹ҵ˰
ӱԪ֮󣬸ͣˢһǰ񱼶ȥΪԪǩѪˣζôΣյĵطġ
ﲻǾƷ˰ӲŲƷˣһξԪҲǲ磡
ԪӸˣǲȺʿŹǡ
ְӰŵͬǣ
һʿ
ˢһ£ʮƷ˼ͬʱӶֱԪ˹ȥ
ԪʵǿŲƷ˵ʵһˣҪԸʵ̫ײˡ
ץԪǿɾǴһԿԪӴܳȥ׷ϵıʿҲǼ֮࣡ôʵ΢ˣȴֿĺ飬˭Ҫأ
СɿһУֻĬĬҧź촽
磬ܣʹҸ񾵰
СһͽšԪһ澵ӣǾ֮ĪܣϣԪܹʹȻ󱣻Լİȫɡ
ԪһȺʿѾʧ֮С
ٹһڰ֮еıȻۣ˫֮УѪ
Ϧ㾹Ȼͬھķʽɱңϧ㻹̫ˣбʿзʿԼ
һ
Ļ˲䴫˿ȥվĵطΪģܷ䡣
һһǣǧ
ϦӰŰӰðұϣ֮ڣˣ֮ɱһܻϦұΪϣʹԪʮö
˳
ʲôϣʮöԪ
Ļһ˶˷
ϣڱڣֻѷɫ̫ϳϺͱİʮöԪһ֣
˶˷񿴵ޱȹǰ̾ǰˢˢˢʿХѰŰӰϦ
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ȻֵסϦһͬھĹƣҲˡ
ˣ׷ɱϦȥˡ
ߣ
һߡڽϦһҲáʡȥһ鷳
Ϧ˸أڱô׷ɱ֮£Ի˵ġһֱž޴ĻХ˹ɨɨСɵĻΣСɻڻϣҲûǡֱӱԼĻڣ
Ҫʱ䣬ָʵ


440 ӽ
Ԫźһ·񱼣ԭΪѾȥΣաԶԶûн
֪ȺʿǲǿԪֻһƷ˺۸Ȼһһ׷˹
һ



ȻжʮƷˣ
ԪɫһӷغѿȻһγ˶ʮƷˣΧ˵һԪԪҲǶְ꣬һƷ˶ѣ󶯸ɸ
ôô׷٣ô찡ˣ
ҲЩٶȻܿ죬ҲֲôƷ˵Ŀ׷
پƷˣģɺ׿׷ܹѰ
ܣӣֻܹˣ
ԪɫһԪƷ˵ʵҪԸôƷ˸ǲܵ顣Ϊ֮ƣֻпӸϽԼɳȥˣһеϣںˣ
аˡҵٶѾ˼ˣ
Ҳ֪ʱΣյĹͷʹǰٶѾ˼£ٿҲ첻ˣ
һɱЩƷڲϵ÷񿿽ˣ
ߣӰŵˣ㻹ӣΪӵ𣿡
һԪıʿȻһһڷɽХֱԪն˹
ͬһǣɽ֮ڣ̲ķâ⻪ת֮һƬ£˺˪

ԪһȻԪ˽ɫӣȥ

棬һ£Ԫú˼޴ĳõúӵҲҡҡ׹
Ʒ˺ǿ󣬾һڷɽ֮ڣ̲ԹķâܹԪֵܵסģ
ߣһССƷˣȻҲðڣ浱Ǳ𣿡
ԪͺǱӴ֮ʱͻȻһ䴫˹Ȼһڷɽ䲻ХֱԪն˹һƷˣĸȻչ͵Ϯ

ԪҲ޷ֵˣһͬҲһ·ȥһڷɽĹƣ
Ʒͷŵķɽÿһڷɽ֮У̲ǿµһ׿Եֵã
Ҳ֪ʱ˿̣Ĺؼʱ̡ѾʹȫˣɾҲӿ첻ٶˣ
Щ׷ľƷԽԽ࣬ЦҲԽԽܼˡһڿڷɽХ⣬ն£ǿǿķƣõ˲
Ԫ߿ڷɽתõֵ
ոոգ
ոոգ
ֻһ֮쳹ܼһ𻨣裬Űȥռ䶼Ϊ֮Ť
˫ȭѵ֣ƾԪһˣôܽӵסôɽķأ
Ԫһ亹ոպüΣ㱻Щ䲻Хİʺһ֮
ľƷԽԽ࣬ľγ˰Χ֮ƣķɽԪĴҲԽԽΣˣ
棬ɱݺᣬԪʱҪɥһ㣡
ˣˣҰˣ
ԪƣӦķɽ֮ʱһȻ˹ȻԪԼеĴ
裿
ԪһȻ֮䣬ˡɷԼѾþûжˣ
ЩƷ˺Լһξ룬ֻܹЩԼơЩȫˣǿʱһΣ
裡
ƷʱҲƷʱ˿̣ٺʲˣ
Ҳ·ᵽζʱԪĻＤԾԾԡɽôãþûԶˡʱ˿̣òأ
ߣСɺ׵İΪܹӳǵģǾͶз֯һ޵·ӣ
һƺȺϴıʿô׷ɱһƷˣķôãʵ̫ǾƷ˵ˣ
ã
һϴĻΧʮʿҲӦһȻʮһһת죬֯һž޴ȻԪ˹սپȻſԻصǰȡͣ
һӺХģŽʮÿһתſµĹ⻪˹ɱݺύһ˲֮䣬õ˸о˾޴Σ
Ҳâڱĸоָоƽһ㣡·ӣ·ɶ㣡
ˣҪ˰ˣ
ӷʹļСûгΪ߹ɺأ˭֪ҪӢˣֱҵˣ
ԪںӵıϣɫƽͻȻ䣬һ裡
ڴʱԪڣһ⻪ХȻſһŴڣһھǰ˺ҧȥ
һ˲֮䣬һŴֱӾͽķɽȫ̽˶
ԭĿɱҲ֮䣬ʧøɸɾǧɣ
ʲô
ԭΪһ֮£ܹԪЩƷһһɴ۾ĿɿڴȫһУ
ôɽȻȫ̲ȥһĿⶼǰһֻ޴ϣֻԼЩڷȥ
⾹Ȼһֻ跨
ЩƷҲʶģһӾϳԪԵķɫ䣡
ķǳԷգ۵ģһӣԼķȫҪʧˣ
ЩƷˣԪһһ˫۳죬񶼺޲Ԫ⣬ԪѪһ㣡ȻǾƷˣҲ˵оеİ


441 ҵƨ
ﱤ
ʱһȺƷ˵ʺϲˡ
ʮƷˣÿһʵ֮Ԫ֪ǿٱô˳һȥȻ˲Ԫ
ЩȻȫɵˣЩİһȫʧˣ
ııģ
Ԫǰϵڼš
ղŲ˴Ʒ˲ٵƷŲƷһЩƷ軹ܹˣƷȴһ취ûУ
ڰз񼤵һͼЩƷҲȫһƷķ֮ӵĿ
ˣˣңҳԲ°

͵ſ˿ڣʱʮ˳ȥƷһӻصЩ˵
Ȼ͵һҧֱӽЩƷȫˣԭ͵Ҫѵعƽ
ʲô
ԪҲɫһ䡣
Ϊںӵļٷ֮£ЩƷ޷Ԫ湥ֻ
ԭԪΪһзһⳡΣû뵽ôûã
һʮصЩƷ˵ɫһӵ
ԭֻһƷѡߣɲƷǾڣ
ԣɱƷˣܹõһһʾ޴ջ񣡡
ϣɱһССƷˣȻô񣡡

ЩֳƷľƷǣһһһʱһڿڷХ֯һŴ͵ԪͺӺХ˹
ЩƷˣһҪƷ鸶ۣ

͵һԪڡ
С
Ԫݺһ䣬ʱһתγĹӰЩֵ˹ȥ
ոոգ
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ԪڻֻƷټԪƷˣܹЩƷ˵Ķְ
һͽڽڰˣöվˣ
һڷɽХֱֱһӣѪ˳ԪɫҲѿ
ˣ군ˣҺӲ
Ԫµɺ״ǰԪչʾô裬ﻹϲѡû뵽ת֮䣬˼ȵΣ֮УһֱڷļţԽ񱼣Խֻţ
ʮӵƷľƷˣһ߷˼¡ǵǿķ·ûκεĶܹ赲һ㣡
ɱݺᣬһŰ£иУ
ԪӦĻѾ˲°ٴˣ
ԪɫҲԽԽѿȥ²غϣҪһغˣ
ɶ
ʵһƷ˶ԸˣοһηôƷˣʵУǴУ
Ԫڵۻ룬ʱҲѾ֧Ųȥˣ˼ȵƣ״̬
˺
ԪҪ֧ŲסʱһڷɽͻȻХԪϣ
յһ޴ĳԪˣ
һڷɽһ£͵ɺ׵ƨϣֱӽɺ׵ƨһ󶴣һѪӿ˳

̧ͷһǰδеҽҪ˺Ʋһ㣡ȻͻȻ䣬ڵһ㣬͵ؼʮһ·˳ȥ
ҵƨɰҵƨɣ
ɺҽӰȴһ̣Ԫ·ӣƨϵľʹõӺƷһ㣡
ʲô
ЩƷ˿һĻɫҲǷ׷״䡣
ۿžҪԪˣɾʱɺײ֪ôģȻһٶȱôˣ
ԭڸղŵʱɺ׵ٶȺЩƷ˾޼õЩƷˣȻܹϣҲڸ
ɺͻȻô죬õЩƷ˲һ׷ˣ
ЩƷˣŲʹ˰ݡ
׷
ЩƷһȻ׷˹ȥһ⣬ɺ׵
ԪҲûϵӵٶȻһӱô죬ôֲæץס˺ӵһëŲԼȥһ󼲷ХǸֵһ㣬εۣ
˺ӣȴֺӻһɫĹ⻪תţΧЩ⻪ԪһΪԪܹоЩ⻪ͺǰȫһ
ѵڸղǷɽĴ̼£ӾȻͻƷ˲ɣ
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ҵƨɰЩɱǧ
һ߷ӴţһҽվںӱϵԪǸһ˿Ц⡣ȻӻǺǱ
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˵
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ֻԪ⾵ӵϢȴܹĸоһ̫Ϣۻ룬񣬴Զʱӡǡһ˵Ϻׯء
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ֻǿϧˣţԪһܺõѡպԸû׼õš
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Ԫһ·ѡƫƧĵطЩʿӴЩʿҲѰ˵Ϧû˵üԪϾһƷˣܹЩʿﰡ
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Ԫȡ˼öɹϦһӿϰϦ¡ԪϦַϦĺ֮ϣӿ۽Ϧڣ
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һƷͷ¿һڴѪķɽХ󣬽Ŵ۹ᴩ

һĲҽ쳹ƷæסԼ۾ʱԪͻȻһڷɽƷ˵ĲһУ˺һѪӿһƷһԵ˵ϣ鴤˼º󣬾û˶
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һ٣ٶЩʿ׷ɱԪѾܹˣ


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һ޴ޱȵ׵֮ǰӴͬһСɽһ㷭飬ޱȣһõռ䶼˾޴ѹ֮У֮£ռ䶼Ϊ֮Ť
׵֮ϣɢ޾Ƿâһ˲֮䣬ռ䣬һ㣬Ϊ˻ҽ𣬷׷ƮУԿڷ񷭹Űţ
޾ĸ£ǾƷˣǰԵˣҲմ֮
µĹ֮£ԪȻվһ˫Ŀסһľ޴׵ţ
ԪµϦ۾ʱԪһ˿ΡΪ˾ƷһԻȥġһжˡ
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Ԫץ񾵣һŷ񷭹ľ޴׵޾ĸˣ˶һˮ˶˻ɫ
µĸ˿ԪЩԳܡǵһʹ񾵣񾵵Ĺ޷ӳĻôֻ·һˣ
Σ񾵣һҪУ
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ԪҲЩסˡû뵽񾵾ȻôһӾͽԷĹƸ˻ȥ
ȵЩɢʱһڵʬȻӾ֮׹ͨԪǰŵıʿʬ壡
ϿȥȴԭԵĻ񣬴ʱëҲչˣĲҽͨͨǰʮһ˹ȥ
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һ£Ӵ˵ϣҵһƬ𵴣̳ʯɽһɹɿζҲǻϴ˹
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ԪҲ˿񾵣ҲЩοҿ֣ȻĻƾʵԵֵⱱʿĹ
ϸϸһ£񾵻ɢŴһ̫ŵϢ
ֻǿϧѾʹһΣֻܹʹˡ
ԺһҪϧʹá


447 ѹ
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ϦҲ𾪵ˡԭΪǻ޴׵һ֮£ԼԪֻ·һ
ȴû뵽ȻϡĿԪϣԪľӡ
񾵣
Ϧ¶˾㵵顣û뵽ԪȻһʥ
˵ʲôˣôʥҲӵУΪʲôҪأ
ϦüһһͷǰƷˣȴԽԽ͸ˡ
ͼվһһɾʹ˹۲˿һ˵˵ϡĹʵ̫ǿˣԵĹ֮£ڻ޷һ˿
Ԫ񾵲˿Χ
ղŵĶսޱȣͬʱҲ˾޴ĶĶ֮£ܿͻ˵עġ
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ԪĴҲԽΣաԪͷһѽϦת˹ȥΣһطǲܹȥˡ
Ϧұ㣬ѡΪ֮ƣֻȥǲлĻᡣ
Ԫһ߱һߵ

Ϧ˵ͷʱ˿̣ûаĹһֻܹԪˡҲԪԸˣԪľ˭Ҳܹġ
Ԫǰʮһɽ֮У˿һƬɽȻͷϦ
ϦЩƷ˿׷ϢҪ쵤ȻһϢ
ԪҲϦشȡһö쵤Ϧ쵤һϢͺ쵤Ϣôö޷ҵԼһ
ϦȥֻоһֵζԼȻ嶼һľ֮С
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һϦµѶԪ˸ɸɾһһ˿ҵͳԪǰ£ǷͣСһţȻ˵ȳƣ
ԪҲһȻû뵽ϦľȻôã
ʱԪҲ˲öˡһѽϦȻһϦϣһֱϦǰһɽƮ˹ȥ
ϦһصɽԪ˿ȻҲ£ϦѣӰһһ˹ȥϦѣȷʵԪЩŤǳ⣬ûбİ취ˡ
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ԪٶȺܿ죬ִϦ·ΪڻϦһ·񱼡
Ԫһ֮£ƮɽϦۣһ˿ҵšڻ谵Ĺ֮£ǽһ˿ңԵüµˡ
⻹ǵһ˸ѹ·
ϦտʼʱҲǷŭΪԪҪʲôֱԪȥ֪ԪһжΪ
ͻȻûŭЩжʵڲ֪Ϊʲôһż˻ԼϧԼȳ
ԪΪԼֻƷ˵ʵЩƷ˵Ķ֡ԪΣաò˶ͻᱻЩƷ׷ϡ
Ϧ۾ĬĬתŹʼϢ
ֻҪָܹɹֻҪɣԶԸЩƷˣһΣˡϣһԪܹ֧ŵǸʱ̰ɡ
Ϧһ˿ҵ֮ϣе⻪ֳսĻ⽿֮ϣеɢˡ
ʱһһȥ
ˢ
һƷˣԭԪڵĵطʶӿʼѰһһ磬Ϧڵɽ˹
ѰϦϢȻһ·ɽ˹ȥϦڵĵط׵ľ롣
һССƷˣȻɵһƷʿǿ£
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ǰôˣǱʿѵôǰӰźɱŰ˵־ȻܵһƷ˵Űֱ澡ʧ
ϸϸҰɡһζҪƷ˺ϦҵȻ󳹵ɱǣǱʿ޷ɽ㣡
ԣ
ƷѰһһϦڵɽ˹ȥⲻϿϢϦɵý
һ˿ңֻҪǱ˳Ϧ֪ᷢʲô顭
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Կ϶ǣ˭ܹҵ˵ټˣڱǰԿһͣ
û˻˷ʱһûᣡ


448 ɽ
˵ıԣҲ˵㡣
ںܶʱԪԼ˵һΣʵȫԽϦ֮˵ġԼҲľ棬Σ֮С
ԪҧѾ˵ɽƻҪúʩȥԪӿٶȣȻ
һץ˻һԪԪھ׽ܿЩԪתۻͬϽһˢԪ
ԭѾһּƣ״̬Ԫһӷ·;ڵһǰȥ㹻ԪԱֹ֤ıѵս״̬
ٶȱ֮ڴǰһ޴ſ𻨣
ԭΪ˷ôɸԪ뾻СΣյ״̬Ҳ˲ôˡ
ûˣдɸܹô
Ԫ㱼ӵٿ죬ȴҲ첻Щ׷϶ľƷˡ
ǰǻһսѾƷ˹ԪִϦ·ȻһӳΪ˵Ŀ꣡˶ѭϦϢ׷
Σգʱʱ̶̿ڱƽԪԪ񾵡
񾵣ȷʵԵϧֻвοʹõĻˡһҪϧϧܹʹáֻ·һ


һ۶ЩƷ˴ԶԪʱѾһ޴ĸɽ֮ϣڸɽ֮ԣһӿĺɽߴվӿȣ
ͨ
Ԫԥȥһûȵĺţûԥʱ䣬ΨһҪ飬Ƿӣ
ϣܹϵϢԼһΣյĵشɡԪ۾һӳˮף
Լ˲ӣˢˢƷ˸ɽ֮ϣ˿һĵΣȻӰһҲźȥ
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һһıʿ˹Ȼһһ˴֮У˹ȥ
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˿һΣյ£һӿĴӣ˶ӵˮһ·γˢȥŶԣ
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ΪԪ֪ЩʿҲôģԪҪ֮ԪǱ˴ûˮ֮Уˮһ·ϱ
ˮеĻҪӿԽΣֳԽĿ£
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ٶȻǺЩ˳׷ȥľƷȴԽԽԶˣ
ЩƷˣһ·¿׷ȥҲֻܹ׷Լ·ɡ֪ʱǷ׷һ·ֻԼڿ㣬֪һʲô飡
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ܿʱȥˣԪһֱʮ֮أľͷһ߸ߵٲ֮£ͣ
ʱ˿̣ҲѾƣˣ͵һֱӴӿĺɱ˳

Ԫһ䵽˺Ӱϣϵˮעһӳֳ壬׳ߴ
ԪôãҲЩˡϢһ£óԪžžȥ
һ̷һöԪ
ڵԪԪ˵ͺԷô򵥡һöһǧöֻС˼ĴθڣҪǱ˿ˣ϶ĿɿڴĽʼޱȣɽ磬̷ܹԪˣҲûмˣУҲЩɾǿߵϹŶ
ôƷ˷׷ɱԪܴԭΪʮöԪʮöԪԪ˵ֻϵķƶѣ
ԪĿϢһº˻ָ˾ʱʶɨɨΧΧһƬûаӰҲûЩƷ׷ԪҲ˿
Լʹ˸ССļıͽЩƷȫ˦ˡ
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ʱԶЩƷ˵׷٣΢һˡʱҲҪѡһ·ƹЩƷˣȻڲС
ԪоЩɣ̲סһڡ
ˢ
ԪӰһ¶ˣȻҪһ·򣬺Ѱȥڵĵ·
ɾվ֮ʱһȻȻǰסеߣȻһͷߴʮɵľ޴ħ
һͷħͿ࣬Ŀ׺ݣͬһСɽһСһ˫Ѫ۾ԪԪѾһһ㣡
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ȵıϢͳ˻𣬴Զ޵ϢõԪ¶ЩëȻħһ߽ԪҲһţ
رħѪ۾ɢԵĹ⣬˸о
һͷ޴ħıϣһʿվţԭԪΪԼ˱ʿķ񹥻˭֪ȻǱǸˣһһһӵס˵·


449 ǰл
ʮƷˣ˳ӿĺһ·±ӡץԪϦǿǿȡʮöԪĸ߶õЩƷһһۣ˷һ㣬Ҷķǰţ
죬һҪҵСӣ
ԣ˭һҵ˭õ
һȺƷ˷ƺ۾һ㡣
ͻȻ䣬һǰľƷ۾һΪںǰƮŵһ
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һҲ׷ҵ˶ϦѣԪûԪϦӰ
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˶ΪԪ˳ˮһ·Ӵģû뵽һƷ龹ȻˮϣһӾͽ˶ƭ˹ȥ
ƻĶ
ɶ񣬾ȻϷˣǣ
̫ˣˣץһҪʬΣ
ǾƷˣԲ裡

ʱЩƷһŭƷһ㣬Ӱһ˹ȥ

أ
һͷʮɸߵľ޴ħȻһץԪץ˹צӣɭȻĺ⣬һצץʱͿռ䶼һŤ
ǿĹƣһԪץҪǧ죡

ԪɫһӰȻһʱ򣬾ͺһһ㣬һ˲ƶ

һͷ޴ħצӣԪվĵطһ쳹һƬ˲ѣһӰɽ¶˿
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Ԫɫһ޴ħһ֮£Ԫо涼ڲæһת
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ԪӴܵӰ޴ħϵıʿȴһߡû׷ȥ
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Ԫ޴ħһ֮ԾЩսľһͷħʵ̫ˣҲƷ˰ټħϵһƷˣ˺ԪǶ֣
ԪӴܣԭΪħᷢħȻһ
ԪΪħءǱ׵ľͷԼˣ
ΪԪǰϾһźɫ˫ıʿ˰Уֳһ񹭣ȴԼ
ԪŲһΪԸо֮תķâɱɱһǿᣬ֮µһƬռ䣬·𱻱¶Ƚ͵һ㣬˹ȥҪɱһ㣡
ǰ񹭣ͻƺһԪĵ·½
ʿ˵ġһǰһںסԼõԪ·ӣ
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Ԫûд𻰣תѰ˼ŶԸİ취ϻ񾵣ƾˣ
һƷ飬Ȼʿˣת㵹ֵͦģ˵Ϧģʵֵܻȫʬ
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һǰһסԪĵ·˼ɣõԪȴ޴ˡ
ȻסԪȴû֡Ϊ֪ϦԪһƷֻһСɫѣӰϦҪԸˡ
ֻץסϦܹȥ͡򵥵ĵһƷ飬˰ְţһôûУ
ߡô׷ɱһŮˣ𣿡
ԪһӱסֱۡʿΧҪӳȥһʱҲûа취ֻܾ䣬ȴʱˡ
ٸҷϻ
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գ
һƷ͵ವһһԪХ˹
ƿ֮˹ٶȿ޷ԪɫһҪȴȻǼʸڰһӻûΪϰٵӰһӽԪΧ׵ľ붼סˣ
ԪҪȻԼ·ɶ㣡Ϊռ䶼ļӰҪˣ

Ԫһɫ䡣
ʱϰٵѾХ飬һһȴԪߴ͸ˣû˵Ԫ
ÿһ˵ϺһӾͳû˼Ӳʯͷ֮УҲӰɼ
Хȴû˵ԪֺȻ˹Ϊ֮ˣ
ˣԪӵ˵ԪʵʱȡԪ
ԪɫҲͬޱȡĬĬԼ˵ľ룬Ȼڰ֮ڣ
ֻҪڰ֮ڣ鷢Բ©֮㣡һֿµ


450 赶ɱ
£ڰ֮ڣ˿ԶԪû뵽ȻһֵĶ֣
Ԫ󣬻޴ħ䵲˺档ǰлޱȣõԪֱ·ӣ
Ԫɫޱȡһ񾵡ʱ˿̣ΣĹͷֻܹˣ
ƷˣԪΧס󣬿Ԫϵޱȵ
һССƷ飬ôܴƷ˵ѳȥ
˵Ϧ˵Ǿһȫʬ򣬱ضʬΣ
Ԫǰһŭһ׼Ԫ䣬â˫ĿԪһһ㣡
أ
أ
ԪһͷӴħҲǲϵţѪסԪŭ֮ƺ಻סҪԪ˹ˣ
Ԫ˵ļл֮Уɫء΢΢ӣһͬʱӦ˵Ĺơ
Ҫɱɱϻôʲô
Ԫһߡһ˫۾ĴתѰӴܵķ򡣿Ǻܿͷִ˷вٵľƷ˴ӱ𴦸ԪȻЩվסˣƷˣѾԵֵˣοԽԽľƷ˷ӿ

˲ŭˡ͵Ԫ˹һԾֻҪвһԪϰֻХǳԪģ
ɾʱԪͻȻ񾵣͵һգ

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ţ
ԪٴγһʱǰХͷ޴ħȥ


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أ
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ˢ
ʱ˷㶵ʱ䣬Ԫһֱӱ˳ȥ
ʹ񾵵һλᣬֻʣ²һˡһΣζҪСʹòУ
׷˾ǰ棬׷
׷ץһҪʬΣ
ҿ尡

˷㶵ʱѾʮ˴׷ԪӰһһ׷׸ȥЩܵԪϷŪԪ˵Ǻ֮ǣҵԪһƷ鵱ȻܷŹˣǴʱֻɱԪ
Сģ񾵣ҪôУ
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ԪѾʹ񾵣ٲһ£񾵾ͲˡһΣΣҪԼʹòС
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һ¹ƱһƷ˻֮Ʒһش۵һѪ˳̧ͷȴԪһЦԪղŶʹľȻֻ񾵵ı棡񾵵Ҳ˵û˷񾵵ʹûᣡ
ɶ
ƷˣȻŭûѪӿһѪ³


451 Σ
׷ľƷԽԽ࣬һһΧԪŵΣҲԽԽ
ȻڶʱڣЩƷ˲ðԼƣȥǰ취
ΪЩƷ˱ض취ԸԼ
ȻƬ̣һŽɫ׵ľƷˣȻԪǰסԪĵ·
һƽף⻪תţʾһƣ
ؼʿ
Ԫһؼʿרһʿڵֵֹܸϣżµû뵽ԷȻɳľƷˣ
ֻؼʿһ㲢ûжĹŶԣ
Ԫɵһؼʿ󿴹ȥȴһʿվ乭һڱʹˣ
һؼʿټһʿγһµϣؿɹסԪǰĵ·ʮƷ˽ϣӺΧסԪõԪ·ӣ
İΧõԪΧܲ͸磬µɱ͵һõԪ׹ߵĸо
ߣƷ飬ھڣ
͵һһХֱӱԪ飬ǿµ˸޷赲
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񶼱˿һ㣡
Ԫɫʱ˿̣˶֮⣬ûκαѡ񣬿Ƕһֻ֮·һ
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Ԫɫһ͵طתһӾͽǰĹȫޣ
ȻԪһתֱӺұߵȺƷˣ
ԭΪԪὫƷؼʿˣû뵽ԪȴǶˡһȺұߵľƷˣ׷׾һæӴ˳ȥûϵԪȻὫĿǵϣ
ߣ
һȺƷ˴Ӵܳȥ֮죬õòپƷ˸·ӣ
Ӳ˲᳹ԴͨԵڵϣһغˣ
вˣǸˣҽвѣ
ʱ
ԪȻܾԴУҲҪɱһѪ·
ʱȺƷ֮У˺һ֮ԪӰһȻȥӴ
壡
ԪһӰͬһ񱼶ٶȿó˵
죬ˣѾûз֮ˣ
ɱͿȡˣ
ɱƷ飡
һȺƷ˸ȻһֱԪ񱼶ȥ
ʱһƣһХȻԪ飬ͬһ㣡
ԭԪܹһȺƷ˶ԿźӵٶȺ񾵵ķ֮ѡѾûˡ
Ʒ˺Ʒ֮ӣϳ˳ȫϺ͵µĲ⣡

һԪĺϣֱӽԪƷ˳ȥͨ˵ϺԪûüվȣһڷɽͺХ
Ȼ񵲣ڸղһ£ԪѾһغˣ
ɶ
ԪҧԭΪƾ񾵣ԺŪһӡû뵽ȺƷ̫ƻˣ
Ԫһ˵ʵԸһƷ˶ܣοôƷ˷˹
һԪеĵ·ЩƷ˸סˡһһƯ˸߿УؿԪƿһһ㣡׷ôõƷ飬Ҫ䵽ˣ
ԪѾѪܣҪվͻȻһɾʹ˹Ե˵ϣ
֪ʱϾȻһڷɽᴩˣѪӿʹ£᲻һ˿⣬ϻ˿ڣֻΪ߶Ƚţû˼ȥעһЩ
Ԫȫ¡
ԪĬĬؿΧЩƷˣϵĵЦǸ߸ϵ飬Ԫġ
ԼȻһȺƷ˵ģԼػɽ磬Ȼֽ
Ԫкöû
Ԫ͵һҧͻȻվ
ʲô
û뵽ԪôصˣȻܹվһȺƷˣһһɫһ䣡
һƷ飬ӲôƷ׷ɱȻܹڡ
ߡӲôƷƷ顣ҿϦѾˣɱҲԻȥͱ
һʿȻվ˳ľ޴񹭡׼ԪԭǳϦģû뵽ȴһССƷϷŪڡ͵ҲѾ㹻ˣھȡƷʱ̣
ɢź⣬ӸµĿԪԭΪһƷ־壬ĿԪϣȴʱﾹȻ˵飡
ʿ֪ô񣬵ǾԲǿ־塣ָоһɱսһ㣡
ʿͻȻЩΪоԼɱƷĻ϶ͻᱻƷɱ
Ԫ飬ȻоԼƺɱվͺһĴһֻһĿ⣬ȻսӵʵʿһЩ
ΪǰһˣȻֻƷƣ˿־塣ƣڱҲûп
ֻһƷѡôᱻһƷƸŵȥ
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͵شһһХԪ˹ȥֻҪһȥƷˣ
飬ǵضһӾͽԪΧУɱɱģ֮䣬ûжܹķһ㣡£ǿԪҲ·˱֣֮


452 ȫɱ
Ԫٹ֪ٴεΣգÿһζһߣںܶʱԪΪԼˣ
һΣԪȴǿҵԤУԤԼ¡ΪɾתҪع۷ˣǰôնѾȥˣܾʱ£
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ԾǰԪǰԪҲûգһ£
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ڰԪ֮ʱͻȻһȴ˹ȻһȻȻӳԪǰĿռ䣡
ԪֻоǰĿռһ䣬ȻȻһǽ
ǽڣ˲ӡγһǿµϣһǰһһǽ֮ϣ
ոոգ
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ͻȻı仯õһ̧ͷȥ
ȴУһŮӻ
ŮӴһɫۣǴӱģǴȴ
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Ϧ
Ԫһû뵽ϦȻˣ
ҿϦʱ˿̵ģʵƺҲָ˲١
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ֻоͷ֮ϣǸ߸ߵ֮ϣһɿµģǿģĪѹ飬ޱȣһõоƷӴ˼ʮʮɽѹȶһ㣡


оƷ˻µĹͷڲЩƷµҲڹžžӶȥѣڷţ涼ʼǧ֮ʯͷڲ
µѹ
ЩƷ˷׷̧ͷϦĿ֮Уľ㵣
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ôôͻָʵ
ǰ̫ˣ
ǿߣ

Ϧָʵֻǰɣ;ЩƷ˿ԶԸġʱ˿̣ЩƷˣֻоһ˫ȷ顣תҪӴܳȥ
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ˢ
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⣡
ϦһȡһӷԲʮ֮أȻһ±


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ЩƷˣȻо־ޱȡϦ˭֪ᷢʲô飬ҪȴôҲ
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һ۶ɺϦָ΢΢̧һӾʹЩƷ˵ͷѶ
һӣͬһʱ̣ЩƷ˵͵ƿѪڿһӽ˱飡ǱϦһ̸˲ƿԵʣ
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һĻԪҲ΢΢һ
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ͨҲԵģ˵˪׵֮˪պﵽʵôͨ¾Եͨ
Ϧǧ⣬ֵľУǱϵͨ
£ǿᣬɱһУͨǿߵʵԶԶͨ˿Աģ
ԪȻûܵϵͨĹҲ֪ʵ޷赲ģ
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⣡
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˵ЩƷֻһĴڶѡɱʮɱǧûκε
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ʱԪ˿
ϦָһЩʵҲѾϹˣôԼûΣˡһ׷ɱǾĶǣ
Ԫظĳ˿


453 Ӱ
ȺƷȫɵˣԪΣҲʱˣ˿
ʱϦϦȻʵָ˲٣ɫȴȻЩס
Ԫлл㡣
ϦҲתͷһˮĿԪϡԪĻϦѾȺƷ˵ˡԶԪϦﻹǴŸмġ
֪ǲǰϦԪǹ·ԭ򣬴ʱϦԪ΢΢Щߺ졣񲻸Ԫһ
ûϵ֮Ͷѡ
Ԫ̾˿Ȼ˵ɣðΣհһУѾˡ
ֻǣԪҺŲ棬ΪʲôҪأ
ϦѯĵطѰ˼˺ܾãҲ벻һԭɽ磬ÿһ˶Ǽģ޲˱ͱӵģŵȳĳϦȫ
ʵҪǿͱǶͷҾ;㡣ҺͱҲжԹڡ˵ĵˣ
Ԫ޵˵ԼĿġ
ͱйڣ
ϦüһССƷˣȻ󾳽ıйڣЩʵ
ҵŮ˺СҪ̫ϳ϶ᣬҲŻὫɶͷ
ԪСɵϦ˵һҲûа
Ϧŵ˵ͷһ˿Թ֮ɫ
ҲֻбܸɳԪģһɱʱźͺӶˣֻڻԣ
Ϧҧҧ˵ƻûлָƳ׻ָˣҲܹóȻȥⱱˡΪʵϾʲô˶Ժͱаġ
ˣԪϦǷ˶顣֮޷౨м͸㡣
ϦԪȻӰһǰӶȥ

ԪһƬ̺ﾫ˸ϦҲһǿߣһǿ͵ĶӦò̫Сɡ
ԪӰһҲȥ
ͷȻ񾵣񾵱ϾޣֻܹʹΡʵ̫ˣ
ܹӵиķĻôʵҲǿʱҲɽ棡

ԪϦһ·ӣܿһƫƧĸɽ֮ϡϦӭ۾
ԪվϦ󣬾ؿϦֻһɫĹ⻪ϦڳƮ˰֮У⻪תŵ
ȻһɫСţ
С磡
һĻԪһ
ɽ֮ǾڷһƷƷеͽ˽׶Σֻڴһ
Ʒ֮ڣɵޣԾҪһɸһɸ
ƷƷƷɸڷɸֳ֮Ϊڶ
ɸҲ޵ġƷ֮ʱɸȻﵽ˱͡
ʱɸҪռʱһССɸ֮Уһ
ÿһ߽ˣڶӵһС磡һС磬ݲͬˣӵвͬĿռСʵ
ΪϦͬҲӵһС硣ϦС磬Ա֮ЩƷ˲֪Ҫǿٱ
һСǰɢŨĹ⻪һСڣ̲Ĺռ䣬ⶼǸʱչıɵģ
ϦûҪԪϦС˼ϾСϦڣǲܹ׽еġ
Ӱ
ϦһӣʱǰһСϣһĻ
һĻ֮ϣһ߸ߵɽ壬ɽ壬վ֮䣬ɽ֮ϣһźڰ
Ӱ
ԪһܹԸоһþ޴ĺڰЩͬѰĵطȴָ֪һڰʲôһĵط
ģ֮Ԫǰ
ΪڰϣһһĹӣЩӣȻ˵״Ӥ
ԪϸȥȴЩӤ״ЩӰɱ־Ȼһģһ
ЩӰŵɱ֣ȻǴӰӰϽģ
Ԫһ¶𾪵ˡȫȻû뵽һ
һ갵ӰҸҵġӰŵİӰɱȫⰵӰÿһ˲һǾƷ˵ʵŻһģһ
Ϧ˹
Ȼһӿ˽ȥⰵӰ֮ϣӴڰİӰҡ¶ţģһЩİӰӿʼ׹

ϦһץһһӰӱȻϦһС֮ڡ
ЩӰоŸŵ⻪ɢŴÿһƼôС
涼̲ŰӰɱ֡ÿһǾƷ˵ʵֻҪԪµİӰɱ֡ʱ򣬰Ӱɱֿĵһˣˣ
Ϧƽ˹
ô棿
ԪҲһӰɱʮӰţû뵽Ӱɱ־ȻڰӰϽġ
ȷʵһıŸӰӣҲζžŸӰɱˡʱŸӰɱֻԼΧϵ£Ҳֻǿ߲ܹκεԼ
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ԪҲһӣֱӽŸӰȫ˹Ȼ˴ڡ
ҲҪѰһطָʵʼˡ֮꣬ڱɡʱϣʵȻһɱ˱
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á
ԪҲ˵ͷϦһѣպԸбˡ
ˡ
ϦҲûٶ˵תһֱӷӶѿռ䣬һСʧԪǰ
ԪĬĬ˿ıӰȻͷЩӰӡ
ŸӰӣžŸӰɱ֣һط콫ȫС
Ԫ˿ΧҲʲô֮أһЩʿҹء
ԪӰһڵķ˹ȥ


454 
һһҹԪѰҵһƫƧСһҿջס£Ϲ˷š
Ÿɫļȡ˳˴ͷϣһſŸɫļɢŨܹԸо⼦
ЩɶǰӰɱְÿһǾƷˣʵǿޱȣ
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ԪκֱȡһöԪ⼦ӵԱߣһһöԪҲ⼦˲ˣ
ԪΪʲôӰôǮˡԭⰵӰɱֵҪԪ֧š
ǰӰĳɳҲҪԪɡϦԪӰͿԴһһӰɱ֣ʵͻǿԭΪƾһٰʮӰɱ֣ټСľ磬Ӧ㹻Ըˣû뵽ǹһˡ
ϦڶԪ϶Ǽ伱еҪõ
ΪҪϦ㹻ԪӰãͿ޾İӰɱ֡
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һӰӾͿһӰɱ֣ԼһƷˣָоʵǲҪ̫ˣܹõӰͺˣôǧǧİӰɱ֡ݺᱱ




ܿԪǰǰ˸ӰȺѿʱһһӰɱֺХ˳Ԫǰ
һһһģһǾƷ˵ʵǶȻԪΨһˣ
ܺãӴԺǱԪĸ¡ȡԪһ˵ڣϸȥ
Ԫɫһ
ˢ
һ˲䣬ŸӰɱһֱӴԪǰʧˡӰȥ٣ЩӰɱֵʣض˵Сһ
оŸӰɱ֣Ԫ޼ɵˡǿ߳ĻԪҪ˼ɡҲòǰǱӴܣˡ
Ԫ۾˴ϣĬĬҪԲûзԪ
ٹ죬ͿԻصˡʱ򣬱ڷôɸȻͻƷ˾磡

ڡһڡ
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Ļҩ͵شλվɫ˲
տɱ졣ңѾü˸ҵˡ
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һпѱˣӸɽڿʵҪɽ֪Ϣ֪ŭʲôģ
ҩɫѿȥЩǡ
ԭںɽ֮䣬ϵͲѺáھȻɽڵɱˣɽһŭû׼ͻڷѣʱڵʵɽڵĶ֣
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ΪĵĻԪ飬ϾԪԪҪԪϢһй¶²ɽҪˡͬ򣬶ģϷЩ׷׸Ϲġ
ʱҴ棬ԪҲֻ·һ
үүǺá
ҩϡֻƷ˵ʵҩϾƷˣڸ߽ûмɽںȻĻڸֵܵסϾڱʮ֮Уڵʵ㿿ǰġ
ŶϳѰԪԪҪصʣµһУһֵɡ
ҩ̾˿
赲ˣֻϣԪҪ¶棬֪ˡֻҪԪ𻹻ţôһϣڡ
ǡ
ֹҩһסΣգǾһ
ҲһƷˣһԳ֣ûκεҡֻһ˶ѣɽҲδػľǰ
ҩϻ˻֡
ڱסԪҪҪ顣
ҩɫֹҪ˵Ļţ˺þãǵ˵ͷ
Ԫڲ֪ȥˣϣҪԼҲҪϹȥһУѰһطҪٻصˣ
Ӱһ뿪ڵĵ̡ҪҵԪԪ


455 
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⻪ֳȣڽ˵ķΡƷϣֳȻ׵ĸо
˱ǱĸʿеһԱСӳǾƷʵҲǱϣͻһˣ
ӣ˵ҲˡǰӰϦ˱ôµһƣ˵Ӧñʿ׷ãȻɱŶԣھȻûһʵ̫ˣ
ڶһƷ˵˹
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Ʒ˵ͷһƷ鶼׷òǶ顣

üͷﾫ˸ţƺ뵽ʲôЦˡ
һƷ飬ǶˡǱȷͰҪͰһƷ龹Ȼ֪Ϧͱսʱȥô񾵾Ǳߵˡ
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ڶ֮£Ʒæͷ亹ð˳þƷˣϣȴҲҿһ䡣ɴ˿ɼⶫڱʿ֮еĵλ֮ߣ
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ǣү˵öԡǸŶү϶ǰ;
һжүƷ϶·ӣ

ʱһһ˹һĶ⣬ƮƮȻĸоȻһһҽɫ󴬺ХȻԶӶʼѰԪϦˣ

ҪѰԪģֻжһһƷ˹ۡ
ɸʱ򣬹ԭҪֵĴɸ˭֪ȴԪöԪĸ߼۸ȥǹڻȻ׷ԪҪԪͷɸ
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Ҳ˲ϢˣϾ׷ȥڵʵԸһССƷˣʵǴ´ˣ
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ڵԪѾǴǰԪˡͷžŸľƷˣֻҪǱԹη塣ԪһЦӿ˽ŲȻһҲȻӿ˽ŲԪӰһ˺ܿ߳һƫƧС


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ڵѾˣȻ˵񾵻ܹʹãоŸӰɱһĶη塣
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һԪһ֮ϣһɽׯȺȲϢ


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ԭֻһʱҪһŮ档ȴû뵽ȻͨһҵҪѰˡ飬Ǵ
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һӷ·ģԪͺƻһԪ𰡣оŸƷ˻
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һӰɱ֣ԶԸǾŸԶԸ˵ģ
ڲףΪʲôôƷ˶κβƷ顣ԭƷͷ̫̫µĵˣһܹ÷ģͲʲôͨ˲Ŷԣ׻Լˣֱľ澳أ
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һɲǣԪѾ˲ׯλϣƵᡣ
һУֱ˼顣޴ı仯ڻĶǲѣǰŸҲǲѩױҪɳһ㣡ԭķ
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޺޵ÿԪһۡرǿԪʱ˿̣Ƶģ˵ĺ⡣
һƷ飬һǾƷˣʵ⣬ԭȲӦԼĲŶԣ
ڣȴԪ
Ҳ֪Ʋ͵һתҪ·ӣ
ԪӰɱôܷŹⶫһϾӰɱֿ׷˹ȥƣͬһ㣬Ȼϣ
磬ЩƷɱ֣ɱҪǮɣ
صղŻھ֮У׷ɱھ˲¥֮ϣЩ׷ɱԼ˷վЩš
ϴʮҪ۵ʱҲڳֱʨӴ󿪿ڡҪ˵һӳ˾ŸˡôһǮҲЩۡ
ûϵѾȫˡԺҵˡ
ԪҲ͸¶ô࣬һ裬ǰ
ӿģȻЩδ
ˣôҴææҸʲô
ԪѯصڵȴԼȴˡԪòɿڳ顣
ǳü˷ɱڵڡɽҲԣүүϣʱҪȥΣա

Ԫԣ΢΢һû뵽ôΣյʱ̣ҩϺԼİΣԽԪԽܹҩϷˡϾ磬ʵ̫̫ˡ
ڣԼһҪȥȡ
¡ûϵССһɽ㲻ʲôġ
Ԫ¶Ц⡣
оƷɱ֣ССɽʲô
Ԫ̸֮ʱҽȺ˹ȻͨͨĸѪܵԴԪǰѪܣ
һһɴ۾ǲģ
ѪܵһĻæתͷȥȥ
ԪĿɨ˹ȥĸƷϡڶϵʱȴӻתţȻϢ

һĻԪɫһ䣬ڵһվ
Ԫɱҵġǲֻ֮ǿ߲ܹɱҡ
ⶫ¶Цݡ
һԴƷ˿ȴȻܹ˵һĻʵ̫ڹµˣ
Ҳվûпءͷ­Ȼ
ֻҲôһ㣡ԪһƷ飬аӰŵ˰һɱģ
ҧһ˫۾Ԫŭͺ⡣Ԫͷ­Ȼɱȴ
Ԫֻд̹ǵĺ⣡
ʱ򣬼ӰɱҲ˹һΡǶ˲ٰ취ɱⶫȴԶһͷ­û˿İ취ǹ룬Ҳ˲ⲻֻܹ֮ͨſɱЩƷûа취ģ
Ԫ£ûвˡһɱ㣬ͬҲɱֻһ죬δܹ
ԪӲׯȥⶫͷ­ǰ϶¿ѰƷûа취ɱⶫԪɾת֮ͨϣ
ÿСӣðɱҰҵ㣬
һѪܵͷ­ԪڲϵšԪûκΰ취κεһ
֪ΪʲôԪͽȻһġͺеıʿоһȻע⡣Լ֪ʲô
裡
ԪһںХһھͽⶫͷ­˽ȥ
ܣ㶯ʲô취㶼ɱңƷ飡
ʲôôܣܣ
ڣһҵⶫšģģһ׽˹ⶫԽԽˣԽԽˡĳʧˣ޾ⶫССͷ­ʲôϵţţζأ
ˣһ֮ؼ
ʱڴһżરવľ׽


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Ԫһû뵽ⶫͷ­Ȼһ֮
ⲻ֮ǽ֮ͨαͨ˵αֻͨΪֻܹͨ
αͨȴ֮ͨǿ̫ࡣ˵ⲻ֮ɵĻôǲģôɱɱֻǿ߲ſɱ
ⶫȻûнⲻ֮£Ϊⲻֻ֮ͷ­֮ϣͷ­ŻӲޱȣﵽӰɱľƷɱҲɱ
ⶫٹһٽ֮
Ԫһ
ⲻ֮ҪķѾ޴ľᷢ޴ı仯ŤһԸı䣬ǲģ
Ԫıȥⲻ֮Ļ˷ʱ䡣ԪķЩӰɱȥ֮Ļôͻõǵʵ
ܾŸӰɱ֣˲֮󣬿ԷӳһٸӰɱֵⲻ֮ŽҲͦõģԪԼʱҪи
Ԫӵ飬ǿ֮ŵԿסȵԪ֮ŵʱ򣬿֮ǲĶͨ
ԪǰֻһҾ޴Ľɫǰ˸ŵ⡣Ŀһ棬ܹԸоһϵϢ
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ԪӰһ˽ɫϣ֡
ҲһܿԪǰһɱĸƷˣԪõĶҲǼʢ
ɫ󴬣֮ԪԼûаɱˡһʲƲһͨ˵õض˷ܵü˯ž
ߣȥڣ
Ԫһһ¡ɫ󴬻һ⻪ȻǰХȥˣ

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ҩϴʱ˿ֻܹȥ
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ҩϻĹͷڱУйɱļҲе趯ɱȻ
ڣҩʱóȥȫȥЩֻ֮ѡ
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ܿҩɱȥ
ҪüˣͲڣü˾עҲܡֻҪͲκΣաԼͷϱһҲûʲô顣
ҲǲУֻһҪŶע⡣Ҳڣǵȥˡ
ҩ΢΢һЦԭʢŭ֮µƬ̺ʾΪ
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ΪڣҩǾԲܵġ
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籾ˣҩҪסţֻнԼһСһɫȷʵȻԼӶǣӣ˳ҲǺõġһºԺҲڵˡҩһưŵѡ
ҩվԭأ˼˸šһѵľٲȻǰͳüӲŸɣڶҪ군Ҫ˳˳ü˵˼ǿԼŮ
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ʵҲ㡣Һҩ֮Ľɱ죬ҲڳȻҲ֪Ϊɱ죬飬ɽһ֪ڿ϶һ١ԣҪҳü˰æھͱ븶һЩ֮ۡһ
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ȫҩϾȻᱻԼȥ˿ҩϣȴҩһŭȴûгԼƺһ˿֡Ƭ̺󣬾ô¡˳üˣҲŭ˸š
ԭЩ˳ûˡҩҲֻǳζѡû뵽ԼһڣȻ顣ɫѿ
ǸӦûеѡ񡣡
ʱһȴƮȻ˹˷׷׿˹ȥȴԭһֱ۵ԪƵᣬֻǾ˹ʱȴԵôۣ


463 Զ˫
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˿üϣԪʶɨɨģ涼ڵĶԪɫЩڵģȻȫѹȥˡ·棬ȾƵľƺ̰ᡣ
ҩǾƷˣΪҩϾԲһƷǰġһĻԪźܲ
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ǣӹ㲻ͬߣҲøߣҾڣ
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464 ɱ
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УƾʲôҪһƷɫھͻɽȥɱǣ
һṫӴһССƷ飬ȻԶ˫ֱ֣Ƿˣ
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һü˲ŲƷʵȻǰšȻѹҩϣҩϣʲôӦõģҩͷǰˬѡˣĻţŽ˰

ҩһ곤ӺݺݵĿԪȻҲץһѷɽһԼ߸첲˹ȥ
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޷ưԱ޷ưɽ磬һССطʱѾҪκ˵ɫ
ֻҪȡʵķԼϢݣʱһһҲǲԵ顣
ܿҩ˵ϵѪϢ֮ԪǰվšԪ·Ϳ˵ո߸ϵԪ
ԵǿᣬԵɳϣһɽӵеȣ
ԪˣڵĻԻͿʼˣ
ҩļ޷ơ


465 ʹ
Ȼɱ˳üˣΣҲͬʱܵϾɽڿ㹻ͱڿţԲôöԸġ
ҩϣɽڵʲôʱ
Ԫҩϡ
ɽ֪ϢҲ֮ˣһ̸Ҳ죬ڳٵð˾죬ǰǰҲҪһ²ܹ
ҩϽ˹㡣
ɽڶ죬Ҳǰˡ
Ͼɽڲһһ˵ģһҪҲҪȫɽиֳ
ȥȥûһЩʱǲܵġһһĻҩϵͿԶԸˡһܵðôա
£㹻ˡͿʼչسƷ˾硣һɽڵ˵֪ͨҡ飬ҩȫˡھ͸ѰһңҪɸ
Ԫվܿ˾ϣС
ã
Ҳվ˵ͷȻԪԼ˹ȥ
ԪҲ˽ȥ

ҲǱʮڣСӵеרŷøַɵеңר
ΪڵӵеģһɫĴŴ֮󣬳ȴһɫ硣ɫʯɣӳŸֹĹ⻪Ƚһ֮ڣȻһССĻ̳деݡڻ̳Աߣһ̵Ȫһð˳ⱦʤɾ
ԪһݻĴ΢΢סʱӦúܳĻȥҡ
ҵңȪԡĵطȪ֮£һȻôԣǶȴкܺõЧһ̳ǰдеɫֻɫѾˣֻʣЩˡ
ԼĹ뷿
Ԫɨһ£΢΢һЦȻ˻̳Աߡ
ɫӵɫ㣬ڳ˵Īĺô֮ʱ߻ħķңɫĻԳʶֻɫһҵµɫȡ
ԪЩݣвٵļʶ
⻨̳֮ڣɢвɫӡ飬ÿ
Ԫȡ飬ָ΢΢һһһöҺ˳ȥɫ֮ϡ֮Уһɫð˳һ֦һ仨䣬ܿһɹ˵㴫˹ʢһƬɫ˵ˡ
ۣ̫˰ɡǴ˵е鰡˲𣡡
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һȪ֮ȻСʱ㣬ǺܲѾﵽƷˡȪ֮е˵΢ɣҺףٰһ£
Ԫһץ͵һģȻǧöԪ˳һȪ֮У
ԪҪ
һĻæһǧöԪԪȻŵȪҲ̫˷˰ɣûмֱʹԪ
ǧöԪ֮һȪھͷһˣһޱȵɢۻ롣һϢ˵ζ
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ŵһϢҲһһȪΪ϶Ըһġ
ǣԪ裬Ҳ̫ݳ˰ɡǱ߸ϵŮˣҲδܹĴ
ԪĶˣһ㡣ʵȫԳ硣ˣڴȥҰɡ
ԪڰҲǺõģϾҩϺԼˡ£ǣǱǿԼҲкô
̫ݻʺԪ

˵ͷæԪȥҡ
ұ֮ңԵøӸɾһЩ򵥵ǽڣһԲεʯ̨յһУǶھ˵ȴʺϲĵطˡԪҪһ˴ŵĵط
áҾûͻƷ֮ǰ˭ҲҪҡҲԳȥˡ
Ԫƽ
á
ͷ˳ȥȻһźԪعС
һԪ˾ŸƷˣһôԪһһΡǰЩɽڵ飬ǾŸӰɱȴһҲġ
ҳƷ˵ʱ㻨ʱ䡣ʧʮΡ֪ԪԼγɹ
ҧѰ˼Ȼ֪ԪҪٵʱ䣬ţԪٶһᳬԼ󡣻һʱ䣬꣬ԪͻƷأ
һʱڣԪ飬Լˡ
ԪȪ˹ȥԪֱʵ֮ºȪѾ̥ˡɢŵŨŵˣֻһƣ˵졣
ȲĽ⿪ϵһһһһ˿ҵͳǰһƬ⻬Բɽ壬޳ȣ˾Ķǣ
һȪ˹ȥǰɽ壬ȴͦޱȣʧȥ֧֮ԾİȻȪ֮кǹŨӿ˽ˢ壬һƽһ磡
ÿһʱÿһ̣ǣڷű仯
ֱԪ衣̫ݳˣ
ɵýһ뵽ԪԼ֮¶һ˿顣Ȼ۾ΪоԼƺһҪͻƵļԪʵ̫ˣ
ͻƷѾһЩʱˣһֱûͻƵļ󣬵һôԪˢ֮ھ˱仯


466 ɸ
ԪźһжұȲģʤڰ
Ӱɱ֣
ԪһһСС֮ڣ߸Ӱɱ֣ԭԪоŸӰɱ֣һΣֻٻ߸лڰҩڣӰɱ֣ҩϣƷˣɽھڹҲη壡ԪͿڰˣ
߸Ӱɱ֣վԪǰԪһӳϡ
ɵôԪ˹ȥ
ܺóԡѾˡˣǲ֮
һһɫĹ⻪ХܿһԪǰ
һ⻪ХõһӹâԪϸһɨüͷΪһ֮дּɬԱϡ
⾹ȻдɵġѹǶֻͷ­һ֡
Ԫһ󣬲ɵЦ
ϷһֹԣɬѶʲô˾ͿġǶֻⲻ֮һ֣Ҳֻɹһ֡
Ԫģȴ
ѩ֮УӰͨŲģ򣬶ģϷħһЩӰ֪һӰѬ֮£ԪҲѧ˲ٵĶͨԪ˽⡣
ҲΪˣ½ʱԪŻὫһҴӡڸŷˡǷҴӡϷһǼӰһָ
ϧ
뵽ŷˣԪɵһ̾
ŷ˵ʣŮ֮Уǿġŷ׿˪׵֮ɽĻԳҲһԶԶڹСɺ֮ϡǱպضԼһ֮
ֻǡ
ƺʲôԪ۾ĬĬʲôͻȻ䣬һɵɫĹ⻪ڶ۳һ硣
ͺһһ㣬𣬶һɵɫĹ⻪ƮƮİڶȴŶߵķ
ߣ˪ѵڶ𣿡
Ԫ۾
ָ·һֻּҪһڤĳ˵ģָ̱·ĳ˵ķλ
·ʱ򾭳ʹáȴûʮȷԡҪ˴ﵽһĵȼſʹá
ղԪһֱڤ˪ģò˪кܴĸڶġ
ָֻ·׼ȷж˪λãҲܹ֤ٷְٵȷԡ
˪ʱӦƽġ׵֮ȡ׵֮˶ӦúԼʵΪԶԶҲһ
Ԫ΢΢һЦ׵֮ʥһ֣ʣڼΪסǵɾͻƣˡ˪Ĵϻۣɽⲻܴ
Ԫٴα۾ڤ˼ʱͷһƵɫ̡
ֻһΣһȴǱֱֱģûκεתбûκεϢһ㡣
Ԫܿ۾һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
ָ·Ҳжϲ˹ŷ˵ķλпܹŷʮа˾Ѿ
Ԫ̾˿Ȼսȭͷ
Ļһжᷢеʹ࣬Ҫһе
Ԫܿƽһطɽ߻ʵԶǿ԰һʱ䡣
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һöҩڻ˿һɹɹ̵ӿԪӶֻһɹɫԪӿ鲼Ԫ£
ɫ
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ɸҲ֮Ϊϸ
һɫԪγɺԪһϸɫ֮ϡǣɫתŸλ۶ȥ
ԶԶȥֻһɫĹ⻪ԪְΧУԪĸ֮ɫԵøŨ


467 ɫ
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ɽ֮ϣһ޴Ĺ̻Իͣ¶˸ֺ֮ڹ룬һ޴ı̨ӡ
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ɫƣԣ
⻪ͻȻһһڷӿȻ֮䣬ӳǰĿ֮УһӱһԼɣԼһɵľ޴ɫƳǰ
һһֺ󣬾ֺޱȵϢ˹˲ȥ̫֮һļоɫһֺ磬ռ䣬һӳ
Ȼ⻪͵վһץһɫƾУ
ĸߴͦΣֳɫƣӢ˵ĸоһս񣬿۳£
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һһһӴɽΧһӰХ˸߿Уӭ
Щ˸ۣɷǣÿһʵǿ󣬶ɽƷƷˣоʮˣγһӴݣ
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һ˲֮䣬ΧʮϣȻһռһŤǿĹת˲Ȼһ
ʮϵһ̲رĹƼֱһ˲֮䣬վ˱̨֮ϵһһӾ֮У˷˼⣡֣
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ʱһȴһȡȻ䣬ɫ޾ӣһӾͽһΧγһԲ׶εܷռ䣬һУһһ㣬ɢ޾ϣõκ˶ܹ˺ҡֺػһõκιƶ޷֮أ
䣡
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µĺ֮£һɫƣȴ̩ɽһȻǾʮǿߣȴǷĲҽ֮ͬʱ˳ȥ
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Χɫɢһ˳ϸŵ顣
ЩȻٳûͻ磬ȴһɫƣҲһޱȾϲ飡ڿɫƹȻɹˣΪɫ̲ŵǳ޷ģ
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ʮ߽ҲһɫƵʵһһ̾

һЦ
һʵԶˡֻҪͻôҪƿءδܴɵ飬ҵɡˣóüȥ飬ôˣ
һͷһ˫̨һɨ飬˿˺󣬾Ͳɵûһս

ʱһսս˳
ü˾þûϢ˵ǣǱˡ
ʲô
ˣ
һɫһ䣬Ȼʢŭ
ü˴ĿɽڣĿһھȻųü˶֣ѵǻ˲ɣҾҪȥԸڣ
һŭ˹
ʹá
ʱһ׷ϺХ
ǰħɽļƻˡʱ˿̣б䶯
һλ׷ϱס֣ɷǣʣһƷˣ
ħɽ
·ʲôһһ䣬ܿϵķŭʧˡƺ˼Ƭ֮һΣɽھڳΪǰħɽѰϹһϢδ֪ɽھ֮һ
һһԴɽھ֮һҪϹܹõϹɽھ㹻ıǮͱڿ⣡һΣһ־ڱصã
ǣħɽ֮ʱҲͬҪһССڣǵ֮أɽһλǰȥͿҷڣǰħɽѰϹ˳·
һ˹ݲ˰㷴


468 Ʒ
Ϲ޵һ֣ȴ֮ϣϹ޵һ֡
˵ϹܹﵽɾǿߵΪһּµޡϹԶʱɽ磬ûгֹˡ
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һһֺ󣬵ϼææϻһϾɽĴ飡
һʵǰͱһ֪ģֻѰϹɲ׵顣һûȫ׼ųġ
һһ㳲ɽڼеĸȫˣԴԪȫһϡ
һɽĴûᡣһõϹϹİôһӵоԵʵԺͱڿ⣡ǿҲη壡
ʱɽع۷壬һͳǲܵ顣
ϹһһҪõ
Ԧһƣһһ˿⡣
ƸۣеϣϹ֮ˣ

䣡
ڣͻȻһ޴ĺ¡֮Ƶһ㣬ڶԭֺߴĽ˲ǧҳ׷ɽһƬ
еڵӶǾﲻѣΪǴ١ܿһ𶯾ƽ
˷׷ҵķ˹ȥΪһɾ޴ԾǴ֮дġ
֮ڵ׷ʲô飿Ȼôֲ𵴣
˿˿̮ĽͰȥĵ棬ɻ
֮УԪǺһһ㣬·ʪһ͸͸ϴһһ㡣ԭüͷչ˿ĽǼҲɣȻ۾˫֮Уһ˿γ֮ɫ
һı仯ѾԪڷԪоԼ̥һ㣬ԪһĸоָоԼʵ֮ڴǰǿһ㣡
űԪһּĸо
ָоڶǸ֮һǰδеһ㡣һ˵ĸı䷢Ԫϡ
ԪһطѪڵĸо˴֮䣬Ϣϵ
뵣Ԫʶɨ˹ȥ㷢һռ䡣
ϸ۳ˣ
Ԫվ˵ľĿɨʵʣҲ÷罣
һ˵ʡʱƷ˵ľ磬ɢϢȴȫѰƷܹӵеģ
ʵָо·Ȼн˵۷壡
һʱҲﵽƷˡʱĸоȴȫȻġԶԶûۻǿ󡣡
ԪԼĶǸ֮ԣа˸Ӱ̥ݷԪ֪ǰ˸ԼķҲͬƷ˵ʵͻƵƷ֮ķ˱Ѿ˰˸ˣ
һͻƣӦʵͱͬǿ֪١ҪٵӰ̥ʵǸǺεȿ£
ԪоԼ·һ޻ر֮ͬ䣬Ǽֱѹ˵ĴڡȲҪԿԼڵʵԺʲôƷ൱ˣ
磬ô磬û°ɣ
ڴʱ֮⣬е
ղһƬ𵴣Ʒ˵һ㡣ѶûüʹȪ֮˳ҪԪû顣
ɫ֮ʱŴˣǰԪӰԪģȴ·˽Ȼͬı仯ǻһһ㣡һȫµϢ
ָоõһΪԼһĿ⿴ȥȻԪʵˣԪһתţһֿµϣ
㣬ͻƷˣ
һŵס˺촽𾪵ýڲԪþšʵû뵽ԪȻôͻƷ˾磡
סˣԪҲͬסˡ
Ԫû뵽ԼһͿһ˿ҵվԼǰңӱ֮ڴǰԸӰ͸¶һֹ⻪˵ľĶǡ
Ҫ˵ǰѩ׼ͦĺţӿӣԪЩԽԪϴ֮ڴǰĶˡ
ոͻƳջԼҲ̫ԼĶ˰ɡҪ֪ոͻƣ֮صʱ̣

˺һʶԼû·һˢغˣæܹȥˡ
ԪҲֻסһѡ
ǰһϽ绹½磬ʲôû·ģû·ģ㶨еġ
Ԫܿƽ˹Ŀɨɨ˳ԡģ΢΢¶˾ȵ顣Ϊʵ仯
㹻İȻͻƷˣ
Ԫ˹
ԪĹ͡
Ҳܿƽ˺񶼲ǵøղŷһ㡣ԪǰһƵӭ˵ζ̵ӿԪŹ˵ջ
磬ءԭΪҪһͻƷˡڣֻ¾ͻˡɽ綼ûˡ
ջ֮໹һ˿η
ǰԪΪ΢Ҫع۷壬϶ءڿԪô̵ʱڣͻƷ˾磬ȴԭΪ첻飬飬ԪǰȴͬԷˮһ򵥡һƷƷÿһ쵽޷
ڵԪ֮ڴǰԪ𣬼ֱҪӾޣϲ


469 Ϯ
ԪɸͻƷˣһʵķԾҲͬﵽƷˡ
ҴﵽƷˣѾнߵȼˡҪܹ֮ͻƷˣҾܱүүشﵽƷˡ
˹ͻƷˣáһǽڵǰ
һ·ɫǽڣ氼͹ƽʵؼӲȡϹʯɵġ
תһȭʹ˹ȥ

ȭͷǽڶȻʯ֮ϣȻһһĺۼ
ۣҾȻʯºۼˣ
һҪ֪ʯһּӲʯרġƾԭƷ˵ʵζʯַֺġ
ҪʯҲܹ˵ĻôͨƷ޷˺ˡҲԿ
ԪҲʯǰ
ҲҪ𣿿ǣƷ˰
ɫȻ˵ԪͻƷˣǱϾ֮硣Ʒ˵ʵǲʯַֺġ
ɻʱԪһȭѾ̧Ȼǽϣ

һ𵴵˹ǽںҪѿһ㣬Ȼ͵ؾȻȥ֮
⡭
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ԪҲ΢΢һЦ͸оԼͻƷ˾ʵͻͽڿȻˡ
˿Ŵö޷£ģԪ΢΢һЦ
ô

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ԭվڵļڵӣһĻɫһ䣡
ˣɽڴˣ
ˣɽˣ

һһҵ˹˶˿ֻ֮СɽڿǱڶţֹǿߵģۻ¡ɽںȻϮڸûеֵ֮
ˢ
ҩӰһ˸߿֮УɫءĿӥؿһƵķ
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ˢˢ
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Ԫڱչ֮УһΣǱ뻯⡣һȻҪҾȥ޻أ
ҩսȭͷӰɱ󣬶ԸɽҲоԵĵ
Ƭ̵ĹһѾڵǰһӴƣվнλ߽ˣʵǿѹѹõ˶ѹϢĸо
һؿҩϡĿҩԱߵӰɱϣ΢΢һܿ¶˵顣
ҩϣһΪҲһɱɽ졣ڶɱɽڳϳüˡҲҪģɽڵһһƾһ㶼
һ˲дۻ˶֮Уĸо
ʵ΢ˣһӾʧˣ
һһԹҪѵⲻ֪ߵغƥʶģԹһһս
һָָҩϡ
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һǵõĻȻĻôԪҲֻ·һһУˡԪƷ˵ʵһָͷʹһƷˣڤڤ֮УƺעԪ䣡


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۵һ£Ѫͬˮעһӿ˳ռһƬѪȣȻԴͬʱ˵ϣĿģ
ٸ߽ˣȫ¾еĴͷȫ
һķ
Ԫ
ǡ
ӰһһƬѪ֮ءһЩķȫԼĴ֮С
裬ʣµĲ෨ͽˣ
ԪһХһӷƣͽʣµķ˸ɸɾ
صԪڡԪһĴڣüͷ΢΢
Ҳǳ˲ٵķˣôûнɽһһֱƷɵƷҲһӴĿȴûп˿ļ
ˣңҸоӻǿտյġ
һٳ˶ʮ边ȻоӶ
Ի
Ԫһ䡣ԵЩ㹻װٵĵͽˡ
һżڵԪǰһϲɫͼ
磬һջķᣬöԪһʮƷ
˽ԪԪǰѻһ߸ߵɽ
һˣһĻǸ˷ôԪͷǻǵһοֻǲ֪һԪ߻ôЩɵ
Щָˣͽɰɡ
Ԫ΢΢ɨһۣûȤԪȱЩԪҲϡ
ʲô
ô෨Ԫָˣһڵﾡ˷ܺŵ顣û뵽ԪȻô󷽣
лߣ
ллѣ

ʱһһ˹мޱȡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦӰһҸ˹ȥ
ҪҵһúһϹˡ
֮ڵվšԪ˹æ
ߣ
Ԫ˵ͷ߽ҡʱҩ߳ӭҩɫЩѿҡͷ̾
ô
Ԫüͷ
ҩϽһҩϴһʳϹϢҩһ飬ƺ鲢ûʲôܺõĽ
ַʹùˣһǲڡҲף˵Ϲͻûɡ
ҩ̾˿
һ컹ϣƤѪ죬ȻҲŲ˵һ֣
֪ˡҰɡš
Ԫ˽ȥ
á
ҩϵš
ҩҲǵһƹˣȴǵһѲĶ֡Ҳǣһûе㱾µĻҲܳΪһƷ˵ģ
ԪȻȥˣҪһʳȴͬҲѺѡϾһƷˣɲôöԸġ
ŰСʱȥˣҵķŴ򿪣Ԫһƣ˳
ôˣԪ
ҩæ˹ȥ
ˣɱɡ
Ԫƣ߳ҡ
ʲô
ԪĻҩһû뵽ԪʷϣҲԪɱһɼԪѾһʳԼҪĶˡһԪ𣬻ʲô취ֶζУ
ҩϺ߽ܿңһһǱĥ÷˷ǹģҲһ
ﻹõԼɱһģٴȥ޽ҲȲģһӿ𣬶ֲĸоҺԪĶͷ򣬿֪ô
ҩϻʹУһɱܹˡ
ôҲһƷˣ񳹵׾ˣҪնݳԲܹκεĻ
նݲ紵ɽÿһ˼һ


475 ƺ
ԪѾһʳϹ䣬һҲķٵѪ;
һʵ̫Ӳ̫Ӳˣջ˿ˡ
Ԫɻص֮ڣҩϺѾڵˣЩ飬òԪġϾҩϺԴúá
Ԫ۾һͼɺ׹ͨǰζ˺ö෽ɺ׹ͨɺ׶֡
һԪٴһͨȻϵɺס
ԪɵЩŭˡԼɺ֮ǩѪ˵ģɺʱԼʲô˼
췣
Ԫɵһ

ңһطһƬѩɽ֮ϣһ޴أãɾ֮ϣһƬɺϷš
һֻɺվмʯͷϣΪޣɺ棬¶۵顣
ۣӣʵ̫ˣѾͻƷ˾ˣԺΪɺͷƯɺ֮ˣ
߹ɺףǺĽ㰡ë߹ֻɺʥŮӵУ

һһͽ˹мӰͦţչ˫ᣬ˵ĵ⡣
ͻƷ˾֮ɺ׾֮Сû뵽һֺ󣬾ͳΪƯɺס
Щɺ׵ĴЩƮƮˡԪһ¡
ɾʱһͻȻ£

Ӻһ㣬ͨһ
𾴵ˣҴˣ
һʱ򣬲Ԫôһ¡æһڵķ˹

ײĲᣡ
ԪȻһʱ֪ɺ׵Ĺһ䡣
ڵħɽкܳľ룬ɺ׵ĻƾԪһˣҲҪʮ졣ɺ׵ĻֻҪʱ䡣
ԪҪȴɺ׵ĵ
⼸ʱ䣬ԪںúˡԪ۾˼һϾͽһ䰲ľ硣
ʱԪԭɽȥһƬƬʼڻһƬ̲ŵԪɾۻޱȡֻһС֣õԪӶƷͻƵƷԪȻŹһᡣ
ԪһƬ֮ڣۻͷӿ˳һһ飬һԪ嶼ӯסˣּ͵ĸо
ЩԭԪޱȡ
Ԫ֮һϸŴ죬̰طЩ
һֲϳӯĸоԪ塣
Ԫ۾ʱһ⻪תţ⻪֮£Ԫ˶ԵޱȡԶԶȥͺһ˿һۣҪ³ĳ嶯

ԪţҩϺææ顣
ϾɽҲһ޴ɣڸ֮£Ϣ
ϢҪǴ˳ȥпܾͻ˵ĹעᵼԪİ¶ϾĴ飬ܲ˹ע
ƺĹҩϱ뾫Ĵáһ»ĺ
ɽ˶ѾԪɱˣй¶ȥڵˣҩԼİ취Ǿڲ̸
֮һνɽڣһ޴ջ񡣹ǴɽõЩԪͷͱȵϼʮڵĿ档ЩڵʵҲı
ҩϺæһ죬Ž鲿ϡڼÿһ˵ӣõ˷Ԫһһ϶˷ܵ顣Ԫһµ쵼ˣ˵Ǿηݸмޱȡ
ȵҹĻٵʱͣЪһ԰ƵѩԪ˹ȥ
һѩҪѩΪǻԪ񵤵ȵ̲ҩڹ̱ԪĪĺôһʱƶɵġƽүүڵҩ϶ûùĲƷ
Ԫۻˣⰾôһ룬ҪԪ͹ȥġ
߽ңԪȻ档Ѿҳ֮ˣһƬʯǽڡ
ԪѾһƬƬˣǳϵǣƬ̲֮ۻµȻ޷ͻƷ˾磡
ɴ˿ɼԪպÿͻһ磬ӵļޱȡΪԪԪڸֵҩ󽫻ﵽһԽԽֲĵز
ȻûͻƷ˾磬ԪȴԸоԼʵ֮ڴǰһ޴ʯǰҪһԼ

ԪԥӰһһȭǰʯǽϣ
һ쳹ǽںҶȻһ˹ʯǽھȻʼ
ģģȻѿһһ׶೤ľ޴϶ǽ㹻ʵȻĻԪһȭҶҪԪٵˣ
Ȼʯˣ
һĻһӾסˣ
ǰãԪһȭȥֻܹʯһĺۼŶðԪȻͿԴʯˣ
ڲһ죬ԪʵʮܻԶԶֹ
ԭԪͳԵģǿԪֳľʵվһԣȵĳ˺С죬һʱ֮䣬סû˰㷴Ӧ
Ԫ̫̬˰ɣ̬ĳɳȫ
ĿٴԪϣԪԪûͻƷ˾磬ȴӵеʵȴѾԶԶʤͨƷˡƷ˵ʱܹԪȵġ


476 ż
һƷ˵磬żһƷƷ˾磬һżҪ۳ɸٳһɸռ䣬ܹڵĶ
һż˵ͽ˺нˣ
ƷˣƷ֮УһżǱ
ڿһɸռ䣬ֻһԼĿڣ
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һһľһһ磡
ɸ֮У֮󣬱һС硣һС磬޾Ὣһ˵һ˵Ķ䵽һļ£
һ˵ĶپһССʱһ˾վۣ֮ʱʵŻﵽһۻز
ɸÿһ˵ıؾ֮·
Ƕȹż֮󣬲ζ˾гΪʸΪҪΪ֮Ҫȹѵġ̲޾֮پͻӦ˶
ɸ٣ǺبԪǰż赲ԪһƷľ޴ϰ
ԪѾȹһżżڵȴԪ
ȥż֮⣬ͻƣǸҪĻҲûжѡΨһϡȱıʱԴԴȴǡǡԪӵġ
磬ʵ־˲ءҰƵѩڰɡ
˺þ÷Ӧ˹һɢŨҩ˹
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Ԫ˵˹
ðɡ
Ԫ˵ͷþöûܹźˡ
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ʱӰһһЦӰĵƤӰ
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֮ʱԪòԥؽӰ˵¡
ϤһĻĻõԪЩֲʵͻоһУôãȴôʵһжصԭ㣬صʼĵطһ
ָоĻ

ʱúܿ죬ȴƺԪ˵оУֻо黹嶼˵
һȵȪУ󴵷塣ÿһëףÿһ缡ÿһֺͷζָо˾֮УƮƮȥȻˡ
ȵͬˮһĸоȥ֮ԪȻ쳣ƣĸоԪֻû¶õͷź˯һ
תֹСʱȵѹ۵ʱȴѹһ˵ӡ

Ԫһִʱһ˿ԼԱߣĵϣһĨ쳱þòɢ
ԪԴʱŷ·췢顣û뵽֮䣬Ȼ
磬˰
ʵˣֻһֱװ˯ѡʱҲס˶ӡ
ͷһ죬ûȥԪת̨ӡ
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̧ͷһ˫ȵֿؿԪ
˹
ԪϸšǲˡǿҵһУȻԼѾ˲÷顣ʯ̨֮ϣմа߰ߵѪԪ췢顣ȻǵһΡ
ҡ
Ԫһʱ֮䣬֪Ǻˡֿȴֹ
磬ҵһˡ֪磬ϲŮˡ㲻öҸֻҪ㿪ľˡ
ҧź촽˵꣬ת˳ȥһסԪ
һ·ܳңȵ뿪Ԫк󣬲ſǽͣŵߺ죬ѡ
Լ⹴ԪģȴһҲڡϲԪҲ֪ԪŮӰԪҵӰ֮󣬾ͿҲǵһڵСŮˡҪԪһӼסԼֻһ취
֪Ԫһ鸺ˣһԼ֮ʲôһӲԼֻҪסԼͺáһΨһԸ
ȻֶЩɡ磬ŶֻϲһҲֻһˡһĵ顣
ԼƽһЩȻ߳ҡ֮ͺûзղŵһ㣬˸о


477 
ʱ䣬ɺҲҪصˣԪ˳
ϴη֮˵ĹϵøһЩֻ˶ûȥǼ顣
ԪѾ˲ٵŮˣڶһҲࡣ
˴ϣԪ˿ҩϵˡ˿Ԫһ飬ȻǶԪǾηԪĴ֮£ɽںԪѾӡ˵ȻԪֻƷ˾磬ȴûһ˸ҽԪһƷԴ
ϢѾʳˡ׼ǰħɽҩϣڣһ
Ԫ˿˵
ԪоӰɱ֣ԻԼİȫûҪٽҩϺȥˡϾҲҪ򡣴ҩϺȥܻһЩҪ鷳
ǣ磬һ˶һҲȥ
˳ҧסӣ
ŽԼ׸ԪԪҪˣԼɡҲ᲻ھ뿪Ԫ
ҸһöԪúʱ죬ǰԴ֮
ŬʵҪġ飬һȥͿˡ
ԪĿ⿴
ðɡ
ҧҧֻõͷӦˡ֮ǰͺԪĻڳԪŮˣ͸ˡ
ҩϣһɽڣ϶ɵע⡣Ҫú⡣رǱڵĶ
Ԫ
ڱ֮ڴǰѾǿҪڱʮӱˡܹԸڵˣҲֻбڡ
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Ԫվһʱǰ֮Уһͷ޴ɺ׺Хͣ˰Уɢ貵Ĺ⻪ţ߹Ϣһֺ󣬾һָ߹ƣ
Ȼһͷɺף
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Ԫ£˷ܵ˹û뵽첻Ԫ߾ͶһŮˡҲɵӣϵ飬֪ôˡ
죡ǰħɽ
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ﲻֹ˼䣬ٶ͵ؼӿ죬ͬǰХٶȿ۶޷壡
һǰħɽضޱȡħɽǺبڱ֮еһɽħɽΣħħɽҲΪֲģ
ΪԪԲƷ˵ʱ͹ȥڲòˡ
õĻôԪֻҪǰԴ֮ﵽƷ֮󣬽Ϳһɳ죬ֱ̤ˣ
ջԪܲĶ
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飬׾ͻй¶ȥһй¶ȥκһ֪ǿߣ׷׸Ϲ
ΣպͻǲġԪͷľλãֻҪܹҵȻֱ뿪ͿԱһˡ
Ԫվɺ׵ĺϣһһöԪХһۻƣһӽԪΧУ
Ԫ֮УһɾƬҲûԪƷͻƵƷˣϣһܹڸϵħɽ֮ǰͻƷ˾磡̶һԼʵҲǺõģ
ܿԪΧһ⻪תڷˢĽһ飬ҲԪϹ
Ԫ۾ýģȻۻӿ˺ܴѹ

ҹļۣԽǳţһӽľ޴ɽԪǰһƬɷƣõһɽ͸¶ɷӱϣһȥͷɽħɽ
ˣħɽˡ
ӵ˹ʱԪۣһ˿ʧ䡣
һķ˽öԪȻûͻƷ˾磡
ԪһԼ壬Ȼ˵ڵ࣬ȴûͻƷ˵ļ
ԼǸ߹Լͻ֮·ûеôסƷƷôҲûгɹ
ǰɽ档
Ԫ۾ʮ־
ħɽޱȣ޻ˣѪȲ̵ġһħɽζһߡ
вٵޣóΪߵ˵ģȻ䲻ɱֻգ
СģԪһ㡣ָźĵطϹȥ
ȥɡ
Ԫĵط
ˣҲȥһɡ
ӿ˿ħɷ֮ݺħɽЩֻвƷ˵ʵħɽκһ޶ɸɵӲŲȥðһءħɽħɷ֮Ҳëʥ߹
ðɡС
ԪһֱӴӺӺˡһƬɷħɽ֮С


478 Ľ
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Ԫӿ˵⻪ԪΧУԪԵޱȡ
һɽ֮УĴѰ˿Χľ
һṩϢĶӦþ⸽Ŷԡôûأ
ԪüͷʶӿҪúϸѰһ
˻
ͻȻʱһ˻쳹һ֮õԪΧ˱֮һ㣬֫׶˵ĸо
һɱҲȻϮõԪֺ󱳷ĸо͵һת
һͷӴģԪʮС޳ֻ޴ӷ̤ܹɽ̤ƽһ㣡
ȻĽޣ
Ԫɫһ͵˫һ

Ľ޵һ̤֮£޴ĳƵԪ˶ײһϣһһӱѳΪ촷ۣ¡Եڵأɳ
ǰĽţһ˫ͬ۾ѪѪ죬סԪǼϢܹľڻȼһ㣡õÿдŹȴ̱ǵζ
ˣãĽޣ൱ƷˣӰˣӰ
ڸ߿֮УһͷڵӴĽޣ̲ס
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ӴɷĽ޸ԪĸоʱվĽ޵ǰԪоԼСͬһһһС켰ԣ
΢С飬Ȼħɽھڣ
˹Ľһ߼̤ŵ棬һߴǰԪͺһһ㣡һƷˣ̷ȥĻٵĹ
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Ľһ˵
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ԪȻҪԼԸĽޣⲻ
ȻԪһƷһƷǿصĺ蹵ˣˣԪĹâһӻˣڸ߿вת
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Ȼ岻£û뵽΢黹еǱһžͿ㣡
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䣡
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ֻһͷʮɸߵӴޣͬСɽһѹ£ȻȴһССԪסˣ
Ԫ˫ץסĽ޵ӣ¶һƬ
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ԪҲûнӰɱַųնɱĽޣ
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Ľ𾪣ȻǷŭȵҪջعƵʱͻȻ䣬˫㱻Ԫ͵ץסһᣬȻԪһ˦˳ȥ
һͬһС࣬һͷͬɽһСޣȻһȻֱӽһͷӴĽ޸ݺ˵ϣ

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ŵһԪΪģŰ֮еľʯͷȫѳΪ촷ۣ׷ɽ
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һɹѪӿܿͽȾѪѪһƬȻԪղһˣ
찡
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ӶЩǲˣһƷˣôӵֲƻȻսһͷƷޣ
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عͷٿһͷӴĽޣҲЩ˵С
ϾƷ˾磬ɱһͷƷޣɽҲֻܹ⻹ûжӰ̥֮£
ȥĻȵͻ֮ʵ̬һĵز
Ԫ֣Ľ˹ȥĽ޵ϣǿǻǱ
رĽһƤǼӲޱȣƷ۵ĴöвٵˣרɱЩΪ׬ȡԪأ


479 
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ۣͷĽ޾Ȼ
ԪȡһöӶЩ˷̲ݣ޾ĺô
ɡ
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ԪоŮԼ֮䣬Ҳûǰôİˡ
ģֻҪһţһȥģ
ԪĿᶨСϡʱ̣һҪܲСܹϣԪôգûɼ֮Ӵۻ룬ѰǸɱģһССİƷ˶εҲͬ
⻰ǵܰҾļ尾˵ɣ
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ʿȻһΪҲֻǾƷ˾硣ǶԽǿܹõԴҲԽ࣡
ԣû׼õ̫֮ӻһЩԴǣҪ֪̫ӵУӵԴģһʵǿ
ĸʿţȵľԽԽ
һѰ˵䣬û뵽ȴ˴֮Ǳһ·Ӷ
ǰйŹ֡ߣȥ
һʿ۾һȻһУ
ˢ
ʿҲǸһȺڣ
ĸʿһӾͽȰΧסϸȥȴڵϣһһŮǰţеˣɫ԰ףһĽСľɫŮ˹š
ĿһһŮϴ
Ů
˺ܿͷСݡ
̤Ьٴõȫѹû뵽һΣȻҵŮ䣡
СԭԥҪҪɱԪȻرȵĽơھһ֮ڻû֡
ΪԪϾͼȹС²ȥ֡СҪԪָƣʱԪԻָƣҪôԪ뿪ҪôΪˡȴû뵽ԪƻûлָȻʿˣ
һȺʿǰѪϴ壬û뵽ھȻֳˣ
СҧֻһƷˣԪˣʱ˿̣ͲĸʿĶ֡
С˿󣬾Ĺһξ롣ԪĹС
û뵽ȻҵˡŮ콫ɣ
ĸʿû֡ŮѾĳˣŮˣǱҵ
СὫԪ£ƽ˵ϣƶһƽǶȣģƺҪԪɵһЩȻСĸʿԪڶˣֻܹˡ
ұ֮УΪԶǣû뵽ڻˡ
С̾Ϣһ
̫һҪҵˣûʧֹ㲻˵ģԹԽҿһ
һʿĸˣʶ䶨СϡϵһˣˣΪ塣һŮŲһƷ˾磬˵Ŀ֮£Ҳ·ӡ
ðɡ
Сƺ˼˺ܾãڵ
ֻҪԸŹңҿԽǡĸݵڡĹСĹֻҲܿҿԽøǡǱ֮ģ׼˺ҡǽܵĳͷ
ģ
ĸʿһЦֻ˲ŻʲôġҲûϵֻҪܹõ
ã֮ģõ뿪ȣ˺Ůֺ
ĸʿֻҪõһŮҲǱɡһɱôˣ;Բκһ˻ȥ
ã
Сת˹ȥ˹ľУһ鷽εĹͳǰȻС۾дʣĹ֮ϣ⻪תţȻСָһ㣬Ĺ֮ϣ
Ĺ
СͻȻۣһ˿⣡
ո֮ʱͻȻĹ֮ڣʮĽɫìХСƹһӾֱĸʿХ˹
ԪղɵλüãȻպöЩɫìĺХ


494 ֮Լ
ʮɫìХ̲ĿɱĸʿҲɫһ䣬ΪǴɫì֮Уܵǿߵǿᣬ
ã
ĸʿɫһ䣬æȻӵ޵ֻһ¡ǿǰ޵ҲһȺϰˣ
˺
һڿڽɫìϺХֱӽϵɫװ˺ƿѪĸʿæ˳ȥɫҰף
ɫì֮У̲ǿߵǿֲޱȣѰ˿Գܵסģ
ӵ޵̫һ֮µʿɫìķâɱҲԳܣ
ʱСһץԪֱǹĹ֮˹ȥ
Ĺϣؽơһؾ⶯֮۶ɵĽɫìһأĹ֮ţ
Ĺ֮ţǶԶ۶ɵġͰԵǿҲδܹƣ
ԭ˵Ĺһ޴ڡǲܹ֪ġ
Ծڱε´֮УСҲû׿ĹڣΣյʱ̣ȴܲˡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼܹ˵ҵ޵
ĸʿ죬ÿһرյĹ
֮۶ɵĽɫìȻԵǵ͹Ůʵˣ
ĸʿһεĹ˹ȥ˺һҪⷽĹ
ĵǿѹȥĹ֮ϣĹȴǿȻǵƸ˻
ĽơҸҴ϶ͲС֪̫ͨӹûб¿Ĺģ
һʿֱϵ˿ڵԴӳΪʿ֮ѾܾûƷ˵ζˡ
ԣھͳȥ֪̫ͨӣ
һʿӰһֱӷ˳ȥǰѰ̫һŵ̫ӣ

Ĺ֮ڣһƬĿռ䣬ûеɭڰһƬ
ȳԪǰһĹݵ£ͷǿĴĹɻʯɵģ⻪תţԵù
ԪȻˣȴûлԹȥСĻΧһС
СҲͷԪʱɫȴЩ
ԪĹ֮ءֻ˲ſԽġ
Сһ˵ţһһѷذףɢŷĺ⡣
һĹ֮У֮ˣ뽫ɱ
һΪΣս٣ҲòĹزܸġǩ֮ԼͿԳΪˡҲɱˡ
СԪʼձ䣬·û˿ĸ顣
֮Լ
ԪһⲻҪԼΪСɷ
˺ϹصϵΪѣ໥ѡһѣ˾Ҫ֮ܵ
ԼһСΪޣǲܹע
Ԫɫ˸ţûӦСȴѾóذףԪֱһһѪӿ˳
ȻСҲԼֱһһһѪӿ˳Ѫһ𣬵ȴ໥뿪
СԸԪΪԼѷԪΥģٲ׹ޣ
С̧ͷϿգһϡ
Ԫ֪ԼӦĻһ̣СľͲԼֱϵѪǲϵѪˣ˶Եҳϣǿ˶֪ģ
ԪԸСΪԼΪ֮ˣ
Ԫ˹
˵Ҳ֣ԪĻһ˵֮ԪСѪһȻɢһ貵Ĺâӳĵý̻Ի͡ѪϵСϵСģȻγһѪɫ֣һӡ˵ϣȻʧˣ
ʱԪҲоԼ˱仯ĸоرֱϣȻһƬɫϸСƬ
ۣ
Ԫһû뵽ԼȻۣ
ӽԺԪˡԺʹǱϹһϹƿǣҲЧҡϹѣҲǻֻ꣬͡ûκεıѣ
СԪ
ԪҲΪˣ׳ΪԼͬ顣ԪҲûбҪˡ
ΪһԪʲôԽĻȻͻ񷣴
ŶЩʿô죿
Ԫ˹Ĺ֮⡣ˣ̹Ȼһˡ
ûйϵһĹƣϹĴܲġǿ߹ûһҲԲܹơʱǰȫġˣھźúϢ
СԪ˵Ҳһࡣ˵ŹĹ֮˹ȥ
Ԫš˼ǧ
Ԫһιԭǳġû뵽ûеõڶεµͷ̲ҩһӴƷͻƵƷˡһαͨĻ޵
ĪǣȻΪһԱΪˣôҪʹˡ
ֻǿϧԪȴСػƿǶΪԪҪǰԴ֮ͻƵڶżƷ˾磡ͬҲܹٴע⣬ܹȥͻˣ
ûеõҲһ顣պһƿǶǾͱԼҳϡ
պƿǣԼӵһǿߡǾ޴ջһϹΪӦҲһ޵ɣ


495 
ʹûһαͨԪȷʵԭ޵ǸղűСһһӣ˿ڻѪ
𺦣Ҫһڲܹðɡ
Ԫ̾˿һԺ󣬿ЩʿѾۼһѣǿ߶ʱԪıĹ֮УãҪ뿪͸ˡ
ʱڵԪʵ̫ˡ
һСԪԱߣһɫϻӡϻӲ󣬿Էŵһͷ
һͷϹС
СϵýϻӷԪǰԪҲһ˾
ɽ磬ı
СϻӴ򿪣ʱһɫľ޵ǰͨһһ㣬κε֮
ܹһƵġ˼أѰҩûá㽫ַԿ
Сϻӵ˹ԭȡҪԪ˵ġ
ԪֲЩһͷϹϹӵпɾʵһھͿԳʮĿֲޣȻ̲ĺϻ档
Ԫȥһĸо˹̫ŵϢ
Ҫǳˣ֪ҵ޵ʲô᲻һӾͽµѪʹɱأ
ԪɵѰ˼
ɾԪ˼ʱ򣬴ͻȻһɵ˹һԪϣǿĵԪ»һ͸Ԫ˹ȥ
ոջָһЩ˲ͱɢ
ԪҲæ˻ǿֲԼһ˼ͿʼͷԼˣҿղԪÿ죬һغûпܣ
ˣԶ˼ġ񷣽ֻˣ
Сǳ˹
࣡
࣡
Ԫ˿ڿˮԭϹĴ˵ģĻ
ԿһһҪһЩ
Сҧҧ
á
Ԫһǳ׾˼ɲڳܸղ֮ˡ
һԪ˺ɫĵ֮ϣǼƽģȻܵĺˡȻһ˹
ٺ٣Сӣ֪ڴҵע⡣ˣҪҵĻҲûŶŶǺǺǣ
һɭ֮͸¶Ź˹ȻϹ
ƣղң͵ˣ
ԪȻĻ˻ȥѾǩԼԼֻܻҳϣҲܹԼô
ٺ٣˵˵ϹˣҵȻ
Ӻɫ֮ϣһӿ˹⻪ԪڣԪ񱻴紵һ㣬ȻһӾ
Ȼ˺ѪһȻȫָʵ
ٿֱϣϵˣҲȫȬˣ
⡭
Ԫһû뵽ϹôѹôϹأ֪ҪЩҩɵǿٱ
ٺ٣ԪСӣҿɲβô򵥡绽꣬УϹóɵ飡ҪǹԹԻҳպ֤ɽһλʱСѾͷʹݺݣ
Ϲɭ˹
ԪԭΪ֮ڣŵһͷû뵽˼뷨Ȼôȫһ˼ͷ
ϹĻԪɵÿ˿ССղǩ˷֮ԼƺĿǺݺݵ顣СģҲ̫ʺϰ
ȻڿʼҲСݺݣܹˣȵҳãǾ͸ˣŶǺǺǺǣ
ϲִ˹
ˡ˵Щ̫硣㻹жòܳ
Ԫ̲סѯϹһ϶һǿĴڡʱû׼ϹԼɽҲûôˡԦһͷȥһ֣û׼ܹСǰȳ
ãߣԭСÿιʳһöһͿԳˡڣûһҲ
ĵŷ

Ԫƺ뵽ʲôŹĹ⿴˹ȥҲԣڹĹ֮⣬ʿҪȥȷʵ̫ʵʡ
ңѾεժԼԹˡҪȵ죬֪Ҫʲôʱ
ð졣ҿԸ취һʱҲʮ£ʮöھͿԸȡ
Ԫִ˿Ȼվ
ԪҪʲô
ԪվСһ
ȥȡЩûϹˡ
Ԫ˹Ĺǰһֵ˹Ĺ֮ϡһĹֱӴˣȻԪХһ˳ȥĹˣ
Ԫˣ
Ԫ˳ȥС󾪣Ҫ赲ȴѾˡʿҶ޵Ԫڳȥô
С˹Ĺ֮ԣһֵĹ֮ϣ˼ھĹϾͳһ͸СסСͨһ͸Сף濴˹ȥ
Ԫһ֮߳ϾͳΪʿĿꡣ
ף
ƺû뵽ԪȻҳʿüͷһ塣ȻԪΧ˹һһ߹ĿԪϡ
ƿô죬϶ãȻǾץ㣬˽ԹԽ
ʿһߡԪ·־ڱصõģֻҪϹˣɶԸˣ


496 ץӰ
ʿ벻ԪȻҳȻҳ˾͸Ԫÿ
һССƷˣǻûзء
һƺ֮ϴʿʹ˸ɫʿ˹ȥԪ󣬵ĹǰҪԪ·õԪ·ˣ·ӣ
ȻһΪ׵ʿԪ˹ȭͷһ󿩿
ԸһССƷһ˾㹻ˣ
ʿ϶ؿԪ޵ʰǰһԪʵ̫׾ˡ
𣿡
ԪҲһ˿Ц⡣ͬҲ޵Ǻ֪޵аϣԼŵڼλ
Ȼ
ʿϴͻȻɫһ䣬ȻԪ˹ӰһֱһȭͺԪǿ£ٶҲǿþˣ

ʱԪҲһץֱӿסʿȭͷһ쳹ռ䶼ǿɨ˳ȥ֮ľݻ٣ʯѣ
һ֮£Ԫʿһɫ׷һ䣬Ըо˶Էǿ
Ȼֵܹʿһϧ㻹̫ۣ
һ̣ʿӰһȻԪײ˹
޵ֽսжսǲֱĹʽΪԵ֮ڴ󲿷֪Ҫǿ٣͵ײ˹ͺ˲һ㣬Ԫϣ̾Ԫһԭ۵Ȼ̼ˣȻܿƵõ˳ȥһ¾ͱʿݺײ˴ɽ֮ϣ
䣡
һ֮쳹Ԫײɽʯѣʯ촷۷׷׷ɽԪҲ˴ɽ֮У
һĻʿ϶¶˵Цݡ
ͿԪʵǿĲԪٲǿȴҲܺǵȣ
Ϊǵ޵޵аĵĴڣܹЩСС˿Կģ
Ԫ
Ĺ֮ڣСȻܹܵʲô飬սȭͷﵣĵòˡ
ӦסԪģԪôЩʿĶְҪ֪ЩʿǺķºɵҩɵİ
ŸոպԪǩ˷֮Լû뵽ھҪ֮Сһʱ֮䣬ûʧ֪Ǻˡ
ʲôСԪҪ㷱أ
ʱڴһϲ
֪ʲôԪһôĶ֣
СŭصһۡղԪúõģ˭֪һº󣬾˳ȥ˭֪˵ʲôǸϲСҲǵһ֪
˺ˣôСػءģҪСӻʣʱһֵģ
ںϻһ¡ڻƿǵʱһ֣ͻٶ˯״̬֪ΪԪǲ֡
ϾֻʣСһˣСҲԪǩ˷ԼҪԪˣСֻػѡʱͳײܷܺˣ
ҪˣϹҲ군ģ
仰С˺ܶ࣬ʶɨ˹ȥ
ԪţһͷĦԵúѪ߳
ǵ͹ʿʵ޵Ȼ鴫ʵ֮£ֱж֣
ҲˣҲˡ֪ǾԲܿġҺݺĥ㣬֪˻᲻ܳأǶͷڹ꣬ͦ㣡
ʿؿԪһŪ顣
֪ʿǿ󣬾ȻҪܳⲻǹԹűƷסȻв̣ͬӶУ
飬Ԫǲˬ


Ԫսȭͷ·Ҫ
ĥңҵҪ˭ĥ˭
ͻȻ䣬һֻȻץԪһסʿĲӣһӴʮһ㣬һ֮£Ҫʿϵļ
ܵԪͻȻ֮ʿɫһ䣬û뵽ǰ˾ȻͻȻµʵæҪص
ɾʱԪҽŽ̧΢΢һ䣬ϥֱײʿ֮䣡
̲ʮ˲ŷ

ʿȫϲˣȻ̧ͷĲҽٶӸҪͻͬ͹ڼ尾һ㣬ӣȻԪǾ޴ĳ£Ȼɳȥڰдһߣͨص˶ʮĵط

ԭһ޴ʯͷʿһ͵رѳ촷ַۣ׷£һӽʿУ
ض˵һ㣬þòͣϢ
һ˲䣬˶סˡʿСϹ
Ҫ֪ղһɲѰľƷˣ̫һ֮µ޵ӵмֲսı̬ˣڣȻҲһֱӸɵˣ
һĹѻþûжʶɨ˹ȥȻѾûһӵ޵ʿȻˣ
СӾȻɱһ޵޵аˣ
ϻڣҲ˾ԭ׼ְԪأû뵽ԪȻԼͽʿˣ⵹ǴϡȻϼŵС죬ץסӣ޵ĺӣ޵ץӰС


497 ̬ʵ
ԪǵѪ˿Ȼʣµʿ
޵Ҳ˶ѡԼȻֻƷˣҲͬԳѹǣ
ʲô޵а񡣼Ȼ޵ôֻһŽ޵У
һ죬ԪὫае޵ȫѹЩڼ޵еˣʲô޵У
֪ΪʲôǰһֱۿԪʿԪôһȻЩ
޵֮⣬Ѫʹǻûк¹ʲôˡĺ£ȻһƷ˵ʱˣ
ǳ裡
ҾͲţ̫һŵʿò㣡
һʿȻŭȻһԪ˹ȥԪ֮⣬һȻ̧£һţ̲ıҲܹ˲߱
ʱԪȴɫĵӭȥһϣ
ŵĽĿ⣬Ҫ˭ǿ˭Ӳ˭޵У
κεķκε򵥴ֱĶԿʤǿߵʱ̣
䣡
ֻһը쳹Ƚɱһ𣬺ͣƬ̣һ󿴵ü˫֮ХγһƷѵһŰ֮ݿ࣡ڵһľ޴ѷ죡

һս֮£һʿĲҽȻŤһԭӶС֮һĵ̣һƶѵϴ
һɲǣһʿ˳ȥͬһ㣬ֱӷɳȣƮ䵽˲֪ĵطڣ
ڸ߿֮УѰԪһǰĹӰһæ㿪ˣ
ʲô
һѹʿ˵żȻ˵ʿ⣬ǵڶΣǾԾʵˣ
ڣֻʣһʿһʿԪ˫Ȳضš
ԼǿʿһӱԪŰԼҪϳҲ϶ֻһ³ƷˣȻԽԽǿˣ
ˢ
ڷӦ֮һʿȻһתȻ·˳ȥ
Ȼ˵һƷǰһʿӴܵоǶǹϵ顣
ǰʲôֻлӳȥ;ӳȥ֮󣬵ȵ̫һŵǿ̫ӽ٣һƷ˾ˣ
ܣ
ʿҪߣԪȴһЦӰһһӾ˸߿УʿǰȻ̧֣һֱȥ
ž
һ쳹һǱӴܵʿûзӦ˲ΣݴѪɽ嵹˳ȥ
һʿôҲ޵Ԫһ֮һֽһģҪеķȻȥ
Դո̧ҪԾԪһ
һţ̩ͬɽѹ£ƫ½ܰʿĶϣ

ʿҽһֻоԪһŸ߱˳ԭ۶ҪҲ˲
һѹ
Ԫŭ͵һ̤ȫһᣬȫؿѹȥڶݵƬ̣һӱ˲°ٱ
һ˲䣬ʿ񵯹һ㣬͵׹£ٶȿֻһ·ϣ𻨣
ǻ֮УԿΪ־ŤΣһ˿ʺ;ԪһƷǰ޵ȻûзءԪһҪȥȴ˷ֺֿ־ͲʣŤΣ
ӵʱ䣬һ¡쳹
ʿ˵ϣٶȴ˿ûмһȥֱӽһ޴ӣ

һΪģһѷ죬ҲӶȥ쳹õһƬ𵴣ɳʯɽ׷һƬѣ
СȻҲܵĶһӱ𺳵˵ˣ
ʿÿһ޵ӵżǿµʵڣ˶ԪķȻԪɱˣ
ԪŲƷ˾簡Ҫ˾Ʒ˾磬޵ǿ󣬿¾ѪʹҲܹԪˣ
ֲ˹
ʱ˿̵ԪСĸоֱһǿ߻Ҫ¡
Ϊǿߣɽв٣Ԫ̬ģֻһԪպҪǳɳı̬
࣡
࣡
Ҳ๾ʿˮ
ȻǼƷ޵ҪǺ˽䣬ĺضӵʣֱǰװۣ˴ҾеģҲ̲סЩˣ
࣡
࣡

Ԫһ˵ȫһ֮£ɱƻҲǼֲ
һ֮£ֱӾͽһ޴ӡһӾȻף
ʶɨȥĻᷢһ
һһʲô
˵һƷˣһȭһӣٸʵǾԴ򲻳׵ӵģΪԽҪķѵԽֲ
ԪȴһӴһһǴ˵ľ޴
ʵֱǱ̬ˣ
ԪҲԼʵ𾪵ˡһΪ֤Լ޵Ԫûжαͨһ֤Ȼ֤Լ޵
һͻƾƷˣʲôѪʹʲô޽ɣԼƤ£ǹʺԪ֮Уվ˫Ŀо˸¶תۻ


498 뿪
ȻɱʿԪ֪һлûꡣԭ֮еģӦĸʿŶԡһѳȥˣ϶ͨ籨ţ
ͨ籨ŵˣ˵һǿߡ
СȽ飬ΪȵĽƱͼǿѰǿ߸ͻƲˡԪһԪδһ֮ڣ֮С
ʱȣץһʱͻСԪһֻܹСǰԴ֮ˡ
ˢ
ԪһֱӴ֮˳
ʱСҲĹ֮гˡ
ԪЩʿˣûˣƿԹرˣ
СһԾϣȵĸ߿գָһ㣬һתȻȵϿգ⻪ӿȻİʼۣһӾͽһƬãã֮ˣͺ͵СԪһȽƣֻ˲ܹҲֻ֮Уû˲ſԹرա
ЩƣǿȵĵһϡѰײܽģ
֮УĹڻеڶؽƣһؽƾǿ߹ҲԹơԽؽƹرգȻʹȹ

Ԫ˵ͷûж˵
С˼ȻϣԼһһ𿴻Ԫûôʱ䡣
Ԫһǰȡ顣
ĹӶѾεץιԼҪֻˡ
Ԫͷ飬һҺȥ֮Ϸ˱仯
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һһ˹ʼ΢Ĳҡ
ȻɼٶȽֻϣһƬƬҶӿȥֳȫµҶӡȻð˻Ƕ䣬ϳ󣬳󣬳貵Ļ꣬⻪תţ۵ĺ죬Ļ

ڰУǻĻСһӾסˡôҲû뵽ԪȻı£õ
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Ԫǵɽͷ쵱һɾǿߣСֻ֪ܲԪ˵ѾˣھȻֳˣ
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飿Ԫ𣿹ҾСôôǿأԭ㾹Ȼһɾǿת
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Сһߺˣͷվ
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Ѿɵò࣬ԪҲ˿
СЩժԡһҪȥԴ֮ͻƵڶżԲܹˡ
ԪС
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ԪĻСһ
Ԫɲ߰ոպСǩ˷֮ԼڿˡҪ뿪ˣҪСջ𣿡
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Ԫ֮ûǡ
СȻЩᣬ֪Ԫ֮ҲһӺԪˡԪ칬֮ĶԹСҲ֪ġԪػɽ磬϶дҪҲضֹԪ
ʱԪ˵ʵ̫ˡȻܹʱ˷һʱ䣬츲أԪû㹻ʵĻ죬ɽ潫Ἣѡ
ûԪҲʲô⡣Ϊ֮⣬һؽƣڹĹĹҲһؽƣؽѾˣҪȣǲܵġԪ뿪ȥʵҲǺ顣
ȥɡͻƵڶżҲáʱŻǿ󡣡
С˵ͷ
áȻˣˣʱ䵢ˣ»ʣ
ԪӰһֱǰһž޴İХ˹ȥԪһ˰֮£һָ⻪תһž޴İϡΪˣĽƣҲȻ˽⡣֪Ƶİ취
ܿɢһƬռԪǰԪӰһȻХ˳ȥ
ǰֵһĻõԪͫ˲


499 ɻǼ
ԪŲһƬ̺ӰһұߺХ
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ԪŸ߿дһӰͬһ㱼Ӷ
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ˣ
һʿͻȻһԪ˹һʿзӦģҲǵһֵģ
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Ԫ֣һȭԵһȭ͸һпռ䣬ͬһһʿͷ֮ϣ
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ʲô
һĻʿһ
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ʵ˿ֲһ˲䣬Щʿֻ͸ĸоԭƵĹƶͣ
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ԣˣпӵ
ԣ

ԥƬ̺뵽ԪˡЩһһʿХԪ׷˹ȥڸ߿УѾܿԪǰ
Ԫһǿƣɱɫһںӵ֮ʱͻȻͷһźɨ
Ԫһźɨ̲ƣһƵ״ɨ˳ȥʵһЩʿϣⲨ֮УӵİԵ֮ЩҪǿ£

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ɺףЩʿɫѿˡɺ׵ٶ֮죬ɲܹ׷ϵģǰ¾壬ȴûпﰡ
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ղһȻӳȥˣ̫Ӹҿ϶϶ϡûôźúõĽƲãȴҪȥðŷաⲻøɵ顣
̫ʶ΢΢һɨܿƺʲôǸһ˿Ц
Ȼɱʿ塣һؽƣ̫ӵĽŲҵҪж
̫һ䣬ͻȻתвۣۣͻȻγһ貵Ĺ
һһֺһռ䶼ƿʼŤΧʿվţǿɢǶԳܣ׷תֵ¶˾Ī飡
ֹԪ
ֹԪɽ̫һŵһ֮ͨһҲС̫ӵ־Сû뵽һȽƣ̫Ӿͺԥˡ
ѵȵĽôǿ
ֹ̫Ԫ޵еġһССĽƿ϶ڻ¡һɴݻٵͨͨɲͨͨȵģ
ֻҪݻƣõҾͿͻƴ磬̤ɾҲûпܣ
̫ͻȻŭһһȻǰİѹһǿֹԪ£һ֮ϣһ£һǰδı֮쳹

޾ŰõΧЩʿҲǷ׷ɫ䣬æ
ǿһ֮£һƣȻ˿
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ǰһɾǿ߳棬϶ԽƹƵģ
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̫Ӳûô޴һƶѣеǰ취ܹ֮ñʵǿ˲֡ʱڳҲҪȥˡ

ãԪȻˣǸɾתȻССȵġ
Сһ߽ľȡͿĨһߵ
ţƺСź
ȻĶȴ̩֮ȻЩȵӶΪǸͲЩܹ
ֻС΢΢ЩģԪΣա˵ģֻʣԪˣɲϣԪ¡


500 ɻǼ
ۣˣ㾹ȻͻƷˣ̫˲ˣ̫ǿˣ
Ԫ£һ߼һߵż첻ƾʹƷͻƵƷˣӻûпͻٶأֱʹһе֪
ɣ׷ˣ
ԪܹԸоɱæ
ã
һӰٶ˲ӿͬһХ˳ȥ
ԪʼտǿɱŰܿԪǰС㣡
СԽԽԽԽ죬Ȼɫļʸ
ȻֻɫļʸԪȴܹԸоǼʸ̲֮ſХ񶼿Դ͸ʱͿռ䣬һһ㣡
֮
Ԫһ
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ӵٶѾˣɫʸٶȴԶӣ

ԪɵôһΪʸѾԼͺӰ˹
ǧһʱ̣һ壬ŵϺХȥʸպò˵
Ǳɱǰδеķâͺһ㣡Ԫ޵ҲܲסһҪѿ
ǿ£
Ԫսȭͷɱ˸š
Ƭ̣ɫʸת˸䣬Ԫͺ׷˹
ˣʲôȻôˣҿ첻ٶֲ̫ˣ
ӴٶѾ㹻ˣȴǱȲɫʸ
ֻǰɣʣµĽң
ԪȻ޵޵ȴԾɲԺ֮⡣µΨһİ취ǶԼα֮ͨˣȻα֮ͨ𺦼֮
Ԫһָüģ۾
ˣô죬ˣ
ɫʸǣٴźӺԪХٶȿó󣬺һɲǣҪԪͺӴ͸ȥһ㣡
ʱ̣ԪͻȻ۾ȼѪĻ棡Ļ棬Ѫ
죬գ
Ԫһ
Ȼ֮䣬ԪХɫʸһȼͨһ±ƣ촷ۣһʧԪǰ
Ȼݻˣˣ̫ˣˣ̫˲ˣ
ӲɵóݵĴû뵽ԪͻƷ֮󣬾Ȼ˶Ըİ취
ȻѾͻƷˣ⶯α֮ͨԪ˺Ծɼ
ԪһһԵ˺ӱϣɫ԰סĿԾɿ
󣬻ʿں׷š
ӣʿں׷ţʣµľͿˡ
Ԫ˵һ飬һӻ˹ȥα֮ͨҪʵ̫ߡԪȻʵǿҲֻƷˡҪͻ˾Ʒˣα֮ͨĲݾͻǿˣ
ãʣµľͽˣ
ȻХһԪּӿٶȿӶ
һһĵطһƬսϢɢ˳ȥﻹɫʸζ
һʿˢĸϵʶɨɨɫѿΪǷ̫ӵķɻǼѾݻˣ
Ȼ̫ӵķɻǼҲ˲ʵȻǿ󣡡
ǰ̫ӱض͹û׼ϣǿ׷
ԣǿ׷

ʿӰһȻ׷ȥֻǵٶȺͺȣȴһء

⣬һµ̫ɫѿһʮְ취Ȼ޷ȽƸͻơ
ڸոգһõϢ˹ųɻǼȻҲݻˣ
̫ɫʱŷԼ͹ʵʣµЩˣûһ׶Ըġ¾˳
Ȼ֮޷ͻȽƣôʦˡʦֻоƷ˵ʵȴͨƣһȣҲ޷
̫ǷЦ⡣ȻһԼһŶĵķ˹ȥҪȥ˹ˣ̫һкܶĸ֣ǿĸ֣ҲԼвֻ̫ԼԿƵ˰

ԪԦźӣǳ뿪ħɽһ·ʻһΣûиڣѡֱǰԴ֮
ʱȣԪûôʱ˷ѡɽʱԽã췢ֵļʾԽһ췢֣ô֮־ˡԪû׼ôȥԸһɾǿء
˵Ԫûͻʵ֮ǰһӦԣԪֻ·һ
һżɾһżؾһԾǧԪﵽ磬Ҳֻܹ֤ﱣסС
ڶԪһϢǾϹһ֮Լһͷ֣Ը˵һЩ롣
Դ֮ڱ֮һƬãã磬˵ҲһԴĵطԪϵԴ֮أܹͻƵڶżܿͿԳΪƷˣ
ԪԦźһ·ۣһһҹǺƣԪŲͣء
ˣǰһջȥϢɡ
ӵ˹
ðɡ
Ԫֻܵ˵ͷʱһһɽѰһطϢȥˣԪֱ˿ջ
ջܴȴûкܶࡣ¥ʱ˿̣ǿյģԪϲƧڶ¥һҲǺõġ
ǿջõʳ;ơ
Ԫ֮ȡһöԪϡһöԪС۾ˡ
ǣȥ͹׼
Сæתȥˡ
һöԪֵƣܹõóԪģɲСһһҪСд


501 ߻
Ůơ
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Ԫһڣֻ˶Ҫˡһ··ԪҲûкúƷζʱȻŹ
ԪŮƣͷȣһһ̳Ů˶ǣ˶ڳһů⣬˿˿ˮתԪ˫۶Щˡ
ĸоܿԪһһ˲䱻Ž˳ȥ
ԪٴοΧһࡣ˺ȾƻԪȾȴԽԽѡ
Ԫʶӿ⸽ͻ޵йʶ֮ڴǰ˵ǿࡣ
Ȼ˵ѾЩʿ˦󣬵ԪЩġʱʶһɨܿ츲˶ʮĵطɨɨûзʿӰ
Ҳԣʿͷʲô̫һŵ̫ӣӦýķȽϣ׷̫һ̫ӳĻûʲôܹԪĶ֡
ԪʶҪջʱȴüͷͻȻΪԪƺһ
һʮɳ֣һҪ𣡡
һۻ˹ԽԽƺſջķ˹
ԡھȻɽڣǧһš˴ˣҲֻһƷڵĺûᣡ
̲ɽڣضķԴڣ͵ӵķԴʱһϷÿһŶԵõô

һһ۵˹ܿ۵˿ջÿһ˶Ŀɢɭĺ⣬ȻǾƷˣһһʵǿ󣬺ȻԶ˹
˿ջ˿ջһǣʲô
ԪϸţǾȻŶԸڵİ취
Ҳ֪ڵʹʲô󷨣Ȼɽڡһᡣ
ԣѾ˴ˡڸûʲôֻҩһλƷɽ֮ԴܣҲڵĹơһΣСˡƷټλһʮλС£ͲòССڣ
ԣرв׵ûа첻ɵ飡

ƷˣƺһͷƵΪסʲô׵ʵۻ룬Ŀ䣬һ֣
һ˾ȻۼʮƷˣҪڶ֡
Ԫ˼һֻҩһƷŸƷ˳ȥɱڿ϶ܲסġ
Ԫ֪ɽڿ϶к֢ģû뵽Ȼˡʮɵ϶֪ϢӵķԴ㶯֮ġ
Ԫ˼˸ţһƷ˹ȥȻǰԴ֮򣬵һΣܼȵġ
λǰһɢλǰִ£֪¿Բô
Ԫ˱˱֡
ߣʲôССƷҲҲκǵĴ£
һƷ˫һ̣Ԫ˹˲ŷѹõջЩҡҡ׹ˡ̸飬һССƷ˲֪Զ㣬Ȼκϣֱıӵˣ
ĿѡȻһСֵҲǵĻᡣҲǿԵġ
ǲ׵ʹ˸ƣԱƷ˶˵ˡ
˿ԪֻƷˣЩӡ׵ȴ˼
Ƭ̺׵һƷ˵Ķ
һΪ˶ԸڣҺĺר׼ԵޱȣҪи֮˽Ȼһɢ޲֪ôˡһƷҲ㹻ˣ
׵ĻƷ˲Ȼ򡣺ʲôϿԪһ
ǿޱȣһֺķȴͬھ·⵱ȻʺЩƷˡһƷ飬ԼȥͬھҲǺõġƷǸղǵĶԻҪǷһһʹˣɴ
Զǿ͡ȻֵǵļƻǵļƻȤ϶ҲǱ֮ˡպڣضٲСֵܵĺô
ǣСֵͻƷպпΪҾСֵһ
ˣһжҪСֵӢ룡
һ˷׷ԪԪͷ΢Цţֳһܳģ
ʵղƷ˵Ѿˡֳֻ
ƷҪԼԪҲҪǣҳҪԸڵˣȻһټˡԪҲơɴ׵˵ΪԼǵĹơ
һ˳ԳԺȺ֮ϾͶˡʮƷˣԼھʮһ֮ϻ档ֹڵĲԡ
ԪúҪ¶棬Ʒһ¡
µʱ򣬻Ʒš׵ˣæӭĿԪʱһף΢΢¶ɻ衣ʱ򣬲׵˺ǾƷ˶һƷϿЦ
ԭֵܣúãúáֵܼ룬һΣǹڱض񣡹
ƷкԪԪȻҲǻӦšһ˻˵ţܿ͸
һһƷˣղ׵˵ʮƷûйҪǵȵʮƷȫǾԪЩһ򾡵ʱˣ
Ԫ۾ʼϢ


502 
ڣҩɫص˴֮ϣڴ֮£վڵλ֡ɫޱȡ
һ˵ǲ׵˺ĺ˷ģһۼʮţʮƷˣҪ𣡡
һڵӱ˱ֵ
ʲô
ʮƷˣ
ɫһ䡣
ҽҩһƷˡȻԪİ֮£ʵ˺ܴҪһ֮ԸʮƷ˸ǲܵ顣
ʮƷˣʮɵضЯԴһζ˵ֱһ֣֮ȵɽڵҪǿ󣡡
ǰһɽҲԸˣοʮأ
һΣˣ

һһ۵˹ɽ֮ȻھϢѹȥȴǴˡ
ܶŶȻǱӺ档ģھȻӵķԴѰĵӣҲԳдԴ
һӣõΧŲ֮ġʱ˿̣ЩŲŻ׷ڷѡ
ҪԪͺˡ˵ʮƷˣһٸҲ°
ǰϧԪȥħɽ֪ʲôʱܹ

һһ̾Ϣ˹
Ԫȥħɽ·;ңԶҪ֪ͨҲܡĹԮˡ
ҩվһ˫Ŀڳһɨ
ȻԪڡһΣҲҪסʮŵһ
ڵĸЩʱȫ׼ⱻʮŸơУӽϵΧţѰ֧Ԯ
ҩսȭͷ
ԪȻˣҲΪԪڱʯ٣ҲҪʮɸӦеĴۡ

ԪţҹɫĽ٣һ仰Ҳû˵ΧƷһ໥ţ˵ûнԪһССƷˣֵһᡣҲǵĸմ
Ʒ黹ǵΪȻҪһԸڡҿӵеԴҪǺڴսʱһʰɣ
ʮа˾žĿģϧǿɶǾƷˣһƷˣҪռǵıˣֱǳ룡
ǡʵģһƾͿһٸǳ׵֪Сը
ʱǲҪ˵ͼװȥҩ̸СȻʱҩϾͬھˣ
ʱǲѴ֮Ϳռˣ

һһ֮˹ȻһĿⶼԪϣȻǶһ֪ߵغƷǳ
ԪȻǽЩۣȴװ֪ģ
һԪۣԶΪоԶˡ
ȵԪ֮Ʒ˲ȺԶ˹ȥǵĸ֪ԪҪһء
ĺڵĺˣ
׵վæӭȥ
ֻԶһƯ֮ϣվ޳ͦεߣĿһɫľƷˣ
һⲻһֺѡ
׵˹Ȼ֮ˣõˣõˣ
һϵ˹ĺס˳׵˵֡
һεжȫĺ֧ˣ
λͷ֣ȻԪ˹ĿԪϣĺüͷһ塣
ΪһεжȫʮƷ˳ģôһƷ顣һİס
ĺ˵ɫ׵æ˵˼䡣ĺ˺һʲô˵ͷ
Ԫ˼ݳŪ
Щˣǲ֪ߵغ񡣾Ʒǰ֮ĽȻҲκУҪ֮Ҳã
ĺˣܡΪֵܡֵܣλǴĺˡ
׵˽
ԪվӭĺˡĺȴǿûпƮƮɨ˹ȥһƷ黹벻۾أ
Ȼ˶ѾˡǾһôԸڰɡһԣ֪λô
ĺߣʵǿ˵ĻȻû˸Ҳ
һеƾĺ˲ǲ
ܺáȻˡҾͲˡĺҲǺöɸ֮ˡһιڣҲֻҪΪɽֻһ
ĺ˵Ȼһ˶֪ͼıڵԴҲһɡŽ˳
Ҳ֪ɽںĺֵɡɽһǳƺĺΪ屲ɽڳ£ĺӲܡһΣҪ֪֪ۡ
ĺ˲ϲɸ֮꣬ǰҪǰȰһҩϡɣֵǰɣ㱲ᣬȥڣҩҲΪ㡣ҩ˵˵ԼͷǸҽɽзұ㲻ƽˡ
ĺ˿Ԫ
Ȼֻǰҵȱض˼İȫһźŵһΣգ鴢ڵĶʱұϳԱߣ
ĺ˵꣬һӸԪϴЦЦƳŪǳŪЦ⡣
ץסһԪϸϸšȻǸо˴ڵȻҲһЦЦÿĺ˺Ͳ׵˵ˡһһ飬Բʮھ޻ڣĺ˻պݶ
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һ˲ϲһðһŻ𣬷ȼһӾͽøΧס޾ҵõΧ¶һٱһ󽹺ڵϢҲΧȥγһȼյĻɽһ
ȣ̣

޾ҵ֮£̧ͷ˻֮Եޱȵʹࡣ
ǻҲԽʢ˹ȥһ̾Ҫһ㣡ɢ󽹺ζһһĹͷڲϱԪţ
Ļ𺣣Ԫ˿
û뵽ôȻֻжαܹ֮ͨ׽ɱԼӵα֮ͨ죬ĻһԼһˣ
ԪΪܹ֮ʱͻȻӴһεһ޾ҵ׷һϨˣ
ͷԪ
ˬյҺˬû뵽ô΢ﾹȻ㻹ˣ
ЦּӴ˼
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ԪɫһӽӲסˡ
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ܿûʱԪˡΪĴȻ£ץǿµõԪ岻ϽϽģ˵ˣ
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ܣܣ
ԪҧʹҪѳȥÿһ֣ǿʮ֣
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ϵӰԽˡΪѾоԪû
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ϵ׵̲޾ϵ֮õĿǣһ֮£ȻЩܲס
ȵӦʱһɫӰѾסԪɳǧ֮⣡
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Ӱһÿһ޴Դ֮һƬ𵴣ضɽҡ
ǰ棬ɫӰͷסԪǷÿš
ղܹ֮˵ֻΪȫעڶԸԪԵУɫӰ֪Ķ֣
磬ôˣ磬㲻Ҫ°
ɫӰһ߷ţһżصܹܵԪＱòˡû뵽Ԫٴɽ棬ȻΣʱ̡Ԫξӳ֮䣬һһܹԪ£
ɫӰҧӣٶԽԽ졣
Ȼ˪


508 ñط
˪ɽ֮󣬾˶ġһ˶ɽ磬ȷʵƯѰ˪һֱѰԪ䡣
ɽãã֮Ҫҵһ˸һ׵顣
˪Ѱ£Ҳûҵһ˿ǣڶвٵط׵ʯ׵ʯȻͻƣ
˪ɴһһѰԪԵɺϵõһöɸȻͻƷ֮󣬸赲ͻƷƷˡ
˪ɽһЩ˽⣬֪ҪͻƷˣͻƵڶżֻԴ֮˪Ԫ͹СҲضǰԴ֮һǰ˪Դ֮ͻƷ˾磬ҲԵȴԪĵ
Դ֮ʱ˪ҲõĹ˪û뵽ǣԼ׵֮ĻԴ֮һ£Ҳûܵʲô˺
ڽ죬ȻԪ
ôĿѰңҵԪ˪˵ϲĪһԪ֮ȴµΣգȻˣϲֶ֮࣬˼ֻ֣̿
ʵ¡˪ϵ׵иɱ˪ȴǰ취ûУ
ڷ׷Ӵһһƽÿ߽һõһƬ𵴣
Ϣ˪ҲЩѪӿ˪ҧס˺촽סԪԲԪ£Ԫһ
ʣ
ʣ
һµϢ˹һֻˣ
ˢһ£˪סԪǰһһӴϯһӾͽ˪ԪֱƷ˳ȥ

˪һȴԾɱԪǰȥǰԶһķ˸ɫĹ⻪˪סԪһ˽ȥȻһأһ£ɫһغסˣ˪ԪУ
ף
Ӵޱȵɫǰһ˫̵ʹš
ȻһƷϺǣ
Ѱ˼ţȻ͵˴֣һĴȥ
䣡
ĴǿޱȣԪ޵ĴУҲҪһغˣֻһֻȻϺ֮ϺϺȴ˿Ȼܹȫһ

һϺӦһƷ˴Դ֮ģֻƷ˲ûôͻƵڶżԴ֮ϺǾջۣر
˪Դ֮º󣬾ͷϺǣһϢʱͻϺ֮СЩþҲˡ
ϺǵĿռ䲻󣬲һ䷿ӣ˪Ԫ棬Ԫ԰׵ӣͷŵҪһԪĺϣһӿȥԪڡ
磬㲻Ҫң㲻Ҫ°硣
˪һ߰ԪһߴԪɹԪԪһʮö۾ʮӲӡ
ֻǰһž滨ĿԼ۽ǵۻգֳ˵һһЦԵôϤȻ˪
˪һɫѣͻƷ֮Ա֮ڴǰˣƺе׵֣ϸ߹ĸоֻǴʱԪȴһ滨꣬Ҳ˵ˡ
磬ҵˡ
˪ԪĻ̲ס˳
һɽ磬¿֪˶ٿ࣬Ԫ¶ŲˡٴοԪﻹ̵ܹסԼɽʱ޿̲ŵ˰
Ԫ§˪Ĵĺ󱳡˪Ŀ࣬Ȼ֪һɽ紳һŮ˵ȷʵǲסԪ§סοˣһжˡ˪û£һӵ˲׵ʵ
ԪĿҲ˪ϴš˪ڵϢ˪ͻƷ֮ԪҲ΢΢һ£
Ҫ֪ɾתԪڲŲƷ˰˪ȻҲﵽ磡׵֮Ȼ˲ǰڵͻٶȣȫǳܹȵġ˪ͻƷҲãҲԼһ׵֮պɽ罫Ϊģ
˪ɣˮʪԪϵѣһ§סԪĲӣ᲻ɿ⻬ϸ壬㣬Ԫӷ
˪ĻôˣӴԪܹԸܵ˪͹µΣɽ壬ƽ̹С̵ͦĺΣԪ̲סͷҵ˪˵ĺ촽þãûк˪ܽӴˣ
š
˪Ƿһ˵ܿ˵ĺ촽ʹ򿪣ƾԪ³Űȥһ𣬱˴˸ŶԷϢ˪סԪ˫룬ѾǳһƬˡڽ֮УԪĶŤĽ塣
Ƭ̣ϵвλԪ˫ָռˡرɽ壬ǳԪֵ޾ݲС
ñط꣬ЩԪ˪һ˲䣬ƺԪͷ˪ǰҪúһ¡оںȼһŻֻͷų

ɾʱͻȻһ޴𶯴Ϻһεһ㣬Ԫ˪һͷĿѣ
Ԫæס˪һڱڹֱԪץסǵĶڲŶסƺʱǲ滹ôһ޴Ķͷ


509 ˫
Ԫס˪棬һֻӴޱȵȻûߡ
ͨϺǵķ϶Կ̷ŭʱͷȻһѺɫľʮɢŷĹâ
Ȼһ
ϺһƷҲͬһƷҪϺδܹܵס

Ԫ㵵ʱٴλ£и񶼿˺еһУ
Ϻһ˪ԪЩζˣһıҲϺ֮ϴ˹
ô죿ʵ̫ˣǵϺҲҪٵģ
˪סԪû뵽Ԫһ棬֮ʱ§סԪ˵ĽԪϣ᲻ɿˡ
ԪɫءʵǼʶģƾʵ˪ʵĶ֣
δزԡϾ˪׵֮ӵ׵֮
˪²˳٣Ҫһ֮ͨ
Ԫ
ֻ֮֮ͨͨǿ߲ſ𣿡
˪һ
֮ͨҪǿ߲ſһ֣Ǵͨݻġ˶ﵽƷѾ㹻֮ͨˣȻ޷ȵ磬Ը´ˣ
Ԫһץס˪֡˪˵ʱ䡣ǰ˪ֻԾȲܹȥ
۾ҵʶ֮С
ԪʱһһӽһƬ̹ǵѩɽ֮ϣ
ԪʶҲǵӰһĵط
ˢ
һһɫӰԪԱߣããһƬ˪ҲԪʶ֮У
ѩɽǵҺӰһĵط֮һҪľҺӰһĹ˫赣
Ԫ˪ʱ˪߹һ統Ӱ
Ӱ㣿
˪һʱҲûʱȥô࣬ΪԪѾԺӿ˹
ʱ˪һĻĻ棬ֻԪһŮѩɽ֮š
˸һѷֿͭ϶Ϊһͨͨͭǹʽ֮£Ȼݻ
һգһᣬã޼᲻ݣ޼᲻ƣԪӰ˵Ĭ˫赵ʽӵһ£
˪ĿȴҪһ߹Ůϣĳ˪ˣҲЩԲλࡣ
ԭӰԪǣӵŮˣǸ߹Ư
ԪӰĥüƵ˪ﾹȻЩ˵Ķʼɺ
Ԫǧɽ磬ΪѰӰӰطꡣһ꣬ӵõļ䣬ԼأֻԪҴҵһͶѡԪҵӰͻὫԼǰɡ
˪ͻȻʹĸо
ʱȴץסˣһů˹˪һתͷȥȴԪؿԼЦݣů档
˪˫赣Ҫͬͬ⡣ֻ㣬ֻңܹ˫赵׷ӳҪѧҪܵκεĸš
ֻ㣿ֻң
仰˪ȻоһůǰԪֻԼܹܵõ

˪˵ͷӰʶԪȣԪӰ֤רظ顣ôӰԼôᰮأ
ӰԺҲһԼ
˪һˣϸǰĽţţ۾
ʱŮӺѾӰˣģԪһ˫赣ӺӳҹĻ٣ĥͨоԼ·𶼺ԪΪһ塣ܹоԪÿһﴫ˼ÿһ˼Ԫ˵ԪĺܹоԪ뷨˼
·𿴼Ԫģһųģޱġ
ԪҲģе뷨еһС
̹ϣû˿ıû˿ľ롣һ̣Ǻˮ齻һ˾ͺһˡ˴˶ܹо˴˵ĺ뷨
ʱ֮ϣ˵ɫĹâУ˸Եʥ


Ӵµž޴
ޱȣʯɵģɢķâ
һնϺϣտʼϺǻܹܵסģϺ֮ϣͳ˵ѷ죡ѷ컹ڲΧӶȥ

һһһϺǾͳ˿Ĺ⾰
¶˵顣Ȳ˵Ԫ¾ϰã˵ȻҷԼ΢ֻ·һ
ʣ
ʣ
һ˫ץסϺǵˣ͵һϺǾ˺˿ʱ⻪ͬʱӶԪ˪һɲȥˣ
Ԫ˪Ӵܶ󣬸࣬ÿ˵ﶼһɫ׵ϵâ˸ţõÿ˿˪Լ׵֮۶ɵϵ񽣣
ÿһϵ񽣣׵֮ٽ˫赵ҪԸδûпܣ
ҲһתͷɭȻ̵ԪϣȻԪĶͷҲҪԸɱĽɫҪһ㣡


510 ׶ɱ
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Ԫֳϵ񽣣ӭ
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ȥɣ΢飡
ſѪڣ¶ɭȻɱڣģ
һǿµ϶£նһӾͽеʱͿռ䶼и˺ѿһ㣡ն£
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ԪһҧӰһϵХȥڴʱ˪ҲǸһϵֱӴĺԣ
գ
һ£ԪϵϣǿµѹϢһӶõԪ˱֮У
޴ֱӽԪ˳ȥԪ׼һתȻ˵ϣ
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˪һĺԣû뵽ĺԾȻӲޱȣ˪һ˹ȥȴֻԵ֮Ȼһֱӽ˪˳ȥ
Ԫһ˵ϣǿվʵʵ̫ˣ춼˲ѰĹôκε
Ԫ˪ʹ˸ɫ˸Ե˼任Ų
ǲ֮ˮ֣׵粻ƣССĽң룡ɣ
Щ΢飬Ȼսһǳζ
һٴλ£Ԫնɱ˹ʼգĿ궼ԪϣΪоԪ֮˪ʵǿ̫࣡
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Ϊ˫һڣ
ոոգ
һӰϣһ⣬˳ȥ˲ַֺʵ̫ڰԵǿˣ
ƺϵһжԸԪ˪ֱлȥڿҪһԶ֮ʱһץϵУ
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ԶԶȥ˾ͺγһ޴Уõÿռ䶼ʼŤ
ģһвȻγһھ޴ϵ񽣣
˽һ˫赣̼䣬رɫԪ˪ȫһ
һʽʹ֮󣬺綼ֹͣ˺ʱֹͣţֻ⾪춯عĪľһУ
˫֮һ
ԪĿ㣬俴ǰǰ˪Ҳͬ˴ӵľģ飡
ԪֻоǰĿռ䶼ƿˣһ紵õ˪ǰδеů
ϤζӰʩչһ֮ʱ龰˪Χеѩ£Ե쳣ޣһ統Ӱ
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ܵǰδеģǿһɫҲǱ䶯һ¡ΪԸܵһ֮ǰĹƶҪǿʮǰļƣֻ۷۾һƣɱУ
˼һ
û뵽΢Ʒ˾ȻᷢǿĹƣ
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һ֮£ϣݺᾢţһı˹ϵĹͷһ˵ϣ촷ۣǲĽ֫壡
ҪҪ
Լһһ߽⣬˲ʵ˻ȴ취ҲûУشȻ޷ˣ
ô׵ȥôܣ
ȴôҲֹԼѣ

ӴȻڵϣͺһɽһ𶯵һƬ𵴣¡֮˲䴫ǧ֮⣡
Ȼ廯촷̳ʧǰ
⻪أԪ˪عһغ˿ǳˣ
˫赣ԪӰһȻ˵ղź˪ûзͨʮ֮һǶԸѾ㹻ˡ
˿ԪʶһɨȷѾȥ˺ɿ֡ʱһ˪۶ϵ񽣣ɢޣ
ˣΣҲһˡ
һ˪ʱֵĻӹġʵ̫ǿˣҵǣˡ˪Ҳ˫赡


511 ǰѪ
ڸɵ˪Ԫ¶ο顣ԪһǺãʲôʱʲôԻΪġ
˪Ԫ˹һ˫˪⶯˵ģգԪҲһ
ղϺ֮ڣƺЩ黹û꣬ڿ˪Ԫһȣ̲ס§ס˪ϸ֫
硭
˪Ҫ˵ȴס촽Ȼһ³Ϣõ˪Щԡ˫ֲסԪĲӣ۾Ƭ֮Ѿһ졣
Ԫ£˪ѣһ˵Ľһ˿ҳǰϢ
û뵽ʱôò˪ԽˡԪɢͬǰģһȥֱӽ˪˵˵ϣ
ããԴ֮һƬ֮ϣֻһɪɪ֮Уż˵
ȿʼ΢ؾԽԽ٣һ˵ĸ˾ͲɵóУ޷ѡ

Сʱһڽ˪ԪʵţӳɬָԪϸţ
º˪ԵĶˡǰһĽžӨĹۼöƲ۾Ŀ⡣һ߽㾡һ컯֮ɵһ㣬¶޲˿覴֮һ̫ʣ֮һ̫ݣһ˫ȣأ˪ϵκһطҹҲᡣ
ˣ˪Դ֮ҪѰӡҵûУ
Ԫ˪ʱ˪¶͸¶һ˵Ϣζ˿˶Щ֡
Ӱ
˪̧ͷźԸеӣС졣
һҲûҵ֪ĶС
ЩӶģϷĴҵˡһѪĵطȴǿȥѪǼ۸ȴܰ󡣡
˪ԪϵϢЩ̰ԡȥʲôӵˣֻԪߡֻҪܹԪߣôһжֵˡ
ʱܹͣסһ̾ͺˡܹԶԶԪߣĪҸ
Ѫ
Ԫüͷһ塣ǰû˵һط˪˵Ŀ϶ˡ
ãֻҪܹ򵽾ͺãֻ򲻵ĶûԪļǮʱ䲻ˣ
Ԫһվһץߵ·˹Զϡ
˪ȻЩᣬԪҪߣҲûа취ֻøˡС졣
ԪղŹź˪ѰûȥѰıڿΧҵһУŷ·ˡ

ԪһץϸϸһܣȻһƷ
ޱȣ٣һն£ɱǹѲġ
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գ
ԪһͽԼĴڡ
ȻԪٶһɨӣϸϸΧҪѰһܲеϸϸѰһ飬ȴûаջ
ԹģûʺԪķԴҲ֡
˪ߣǰѪȥ
Ԫ˪

˪Ӧһ˹ҪӴһ²ӡһʹȴ˹ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ԪȻ֪ʲôԭ˹ȥһѽ˪ȻӰһֱӾǰХȥ
˪Ԫ§ţԪʵţϳ֮ɫŨˣŵдҸ֡
ɽôã˼ҹľԪڼˣҲԪֿˡ
ͻȻ䣬ƺʲô˪Ԫ
ˣ磬Сأҵ𣿡
˪͹Сɲͬʱģֻ˷ĵطһ˪ڶѰҹСɣȴûҵСɵ䡣
С
ƺʲôԪҧҧ˪ҵˣǹСɿɻڱﰡ
Ȼ˵Сڲʲô飬뵽һСӰԪһʹ
ԼһŮˣҪôʹࡣӰСҲ
Сڱ
Ԫҧס

˪һȻҲ֪ʲôǱڵҲǱһڹСҪܾ˿ͷ
ǿȥ
˪æɽûʲôѣ棬ѾСɵԼĺýáڹС£ȻܹӲˡ
ڻż
Ԫ˪һ·ǰţһߵѪķ˪֪ԪҲߴ·ҲɱˣһЩãԪҲ¡
Сڱʱǰȫġұ֮ڣͻ磬ܹСɾȳڣұʱõӣȻͻƵڶżУ
Ԫҧס
ꣿͻ磿
˪һ
Ȼ˵˲һʱ䣬ʹһƷͻƵƷ˪Ҳ֪Խ棬ͻƾԽѡ
ڶżӾѾޱȼˣҪ˵ˡ
˪׵֮ԴһƷƷͻƵٶȿһЩǵ˺磬˵꣬ʮ꣬Ҳδؿͻƣ
˪ȴ֪ԪһͻƵģΪϺûԪ飡˾һ漣Ĵߣ


512 Τ
Ѫмľ룬˪Ҳ𽥻ָһЩɫԪſ˪һţһ߶ݡ
˪Ҳ֪ԪҪԵģԿԪݣ˵Ǿ治ѡһӷѿ˪˳Ҫ֪ÿһɲݵڿɶǺİûмԪ֮ġֱǹˣ
찡ôһǧöԪ⣬̫˰ɣ
˪ס˺ӣһŵ顣
˪ɽҲһʱˣ֪ԪҪԡΪһöɸ֪ķ˶ٵʱ;ȥ׬ȡԪû뵽ԪƬ̣һǧöԪֱͳ
ٶȣԪò˶ãͿԳΪɽ׸ˣ
Ȼ˵ɽƴԲΪ׼ӵôӴԪҲһ޴ƣ
ԪԪȻΪѪ׼˪Աػš
죬ھѪ֮һɽϣԪ˪ͣϢ
ԪѾʮöԪԪǰĿ棬϶ӵжʮöԪˣ
һ۷ŵĸطǸһĴڡԵԴ࣡
Դ֮ûаҹ֮֡ǰѪҲ»δ֪ķգԪǾ˪Ϣһ¡һ¾Ԫ
ѪǺóûΪѪר⸽Ѳߣһþͻնɱ
ѪǶ̫һŵһλ˴ģ̫һӣҪķѴԪ̫һŵӹ̫һŲŻῪһѪӡ
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Ԫֻƽţ΢ЦһȻķ˶ʮöԪǽöˡ
һ˪ͿһʱͻƵڶżͿ뿪Դ֮ˡ
˪ͷԪԣҸ֪ʤһԪӡУԪûôء
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Ԫǰδео֮κһܵҪ
ڵֻƾž˵־Ų塣µʩչˡ״£˵ѪʹԴ֮һƷ˶Խŵ
Ҫ˵Դ֮ŵˣЩãˣ϶ɱģ
ʱ򣬿衣ǷΧĵˣ
ԪҲ֪ôȥӦһ棬Ψһܹģǲǰǰϵǰߡǰʲôܹ߶Զ֪
һҪԴ֮ɡ

ʱӥŴԪлָ۾ԽԵ
ȻѪʹӥԪˣһҪʮ
ӥ͵һֱԪӴܵķӶȥ
Ԫħɢ¸᲻״̬ӲԶοѪ׷šԪѾѪץҲһ
ӥţһ·˵ϢζɢĹâ
Ƭ̺Ӿ˲ӰһȻ˵ϣؿǰһУ
ΪȻѪʬ壡Ӳʬ˵˵ϣɫҰףûκεϢѵĵطһ˿ڣ᳹ȥôĿģ
Ѫ
ӥһæȥѪҲһѪʹʵԼ£ȻԪɱˣ
⡭
ʵ̫ùӥˡҪ֪ԪħɢĶҩ֮°
û뵽תԪȻô£ӥʱףΪʲôɾҪķ칬еѰԪˡ
ΪһµҵڳȻɱһ޴
ӥ͵ΧѰʶ񸲸ǣһһѰšƬ̺󣬾ͷԪȥķ
ԪҵģһҪץȻݺݵĥ㣡
ӥ͵Ԫߵķ׷˹ȥʱ򣬹ӥҲڻһץһӨʯʯϣ⻪תţƺһ󷨽Ʊӳ档
Ȼӥ͵ʯһӣ⻪ХԴ֮ĸ˹ȥ
һѪԪӥһ޴ľʾһ˵ץԪҲδܹƽԪȥ
ҪѪ̫һŵղŷźŵҲ̫һŴϢ̫һٹ
Ԫ飬¹ش󣬲ܹκʧ̫һѪͿԳ׵׽ԪץסӳԴ֮


522 ѻѨ
ԪҲ֪Լ˶Զ˶ãһֱܣһֱߣȵԼûһ˿Ե˵ϣ
һ޴ѣо˹õԪֻĸоϻȥŻһЩһ㡣
Ԫ֪ԼԲܹ˯ȥһԼ˯ȥ˭Ҳ֪һΣջʲôʱ١
ԼһۣѾǰˡ
˯Բ˯
Ԫҧס촽촽ҧˣһ˿˿ѪӿʹԪһЩ
ħɢѾԪڳ׷ԪоԼеȾˣһƬģʱҪվޱȡ
죬ʱ䣬һ״̬֮ڣһҪغãܹκ˷ˡΪһֻ·һ
Ԫϵķ˪ûκεĶ
Ԫһͼ蹵ͨһ¡û뵽Ȼϵˡ
ˣˣôˣ
輱е˹
û¡˪أ
Ůڻšǰ͵һȫĵطˣȻҲɡ
輱ŵ
ˣһá
Ԫնϵ
Ҫ˪ķϹȥ϶ὫҲȥġ˪ƽ£Ҳˡ
Ԫţƾʱšֻϣʱ䣬ܹһգо͹ȥʵϣȴʱʱȴԹȥģ
ԭƽƽһʱ˵ȴһһ
ԪûʲôΨһľ
Ƿ֮ĴڣϧȴʲôսķڴʱԪ˵;
ֻǲ֪ڿɲһ¡
ԪЩ죬һֱھ뵽һͨ
һ֮ϣɷ֮õԪֲĸо˶һ׹˵֮һ㣡
ķͰԵҲӡԪһǿޱȵľһ㣬Ϣܹոе
Ԫڵ״̬֮£ҪȥʹĻ׾ͻᱻɭɷơԪûбİ취
Ļֻ·һţȴΣʱȫһɣ
Ԫš
Ԫ˼Ϲ֮ʱһŲ˹
Ѫʹ𣿡
ԪһסһкϢԼЩѪʹȻҵԴ֮;ԲܷŹԼԪܹģ֮ڣԼй¶ټֻҪȵħɢĶҩɢȥôһоһˣ
Ԫķȴһ޴ĺԶʻΧʮˣһ·ƺƵ
֮ϣһͿӣҡȣȴһŭݣ
Ȼǹ˹ӣ
ԩ·խ
Ԫû뵽ԼΣվصʱ򣬾Ȼһ˹ӣѪʹҪץԼ˹ҲԼ޵ҧгݰɡ
Ԫͷɲ뱻˹ӷ֡ҪǱ˹ץҲⲻһǰǣлԼԴ֮ԼĶͷ
ȥɣȥɡ
ԪԸо˹һǴ·ģԪֻϣ˹ӿϿվҪԼ
ϧԪԽη飬Խ
ͣ
ϣ˹ӵͻȻ˹
ֵ˳˿Χ
ǾפˡȴѪĵڶ˵ҪǱСöӣҲòôǱ´˵һҪж˿飡
˹սȭͷ϶ŭ⡣
ǣǣǣ˵öԡСӲƷˣȻöӵҪԴ֮һӵġܻġʱҺͽϾͽץ£ɱ˹й
ڹ˹ԱߣһƷϵϣǾƷ˵ʵػڹ˹ӵԱߣǹ˼ҵļū
һԴ֮򰲶
ԪԶţһҲҶû뵽ûжѪʹ׷ɱԼ˹ӡһ·׶༪ˡ
Ʒʶɨ鿴ΧһһԪЩ紵ݶģϾͻᱻ֡Դʱ˿̣ԪֻܹڵһˡϢܹй¶ȥ
ϣ˹ӵ˲ҪҰɡ
Ԫſ˵ϣͷ
ԪԶؿšǰڣ˹ڤﾲԱһȺĬĬػš
ԪԼеϢסˣȻ˹˹ܱߵЩǿǡҲƷˣֻػڹ˹ߣûôܱߵ飬ûзԪ
ʱһһȥʱһʱ˹ܱߵûзԼѪʹҲûпҵ
Ԫ˿ƽȹ죬Ҳһ顣ڵÿһ룬ÿһ̣˵һ־޴ļ尾
Ԫŵʱ򣬴ڣͻȻһ
ƣ
ǹ˹ӴһһȻХγ˲һĹ
ֻⲨŲ׵ľ룬⹥ƾʧˣ
ţ
Ԫüͷɵһ塣һּձƷʩչܹŰ׵ľ룡
ô˹ƷˣֻŰ˲׵ľأɲһƷ˸еʵ
ܿԪˡԭһ˹ӣһƷˣӳʵȴƷҲȲǷʲô
ҲΪ˹һԱڲûнӽŻԴ֮ɡ룬һǰԪͲ²⵽ˡ


523 ӽ
ɶҹ˹Ҳù˼ҵˣΪʲôҵֻʵǿᣡΪʲô
˹Ȼ˳ŭ壡
˹һŭԱߵ˵Щսսæ˹ӣԴ֮ݺᣬӰķӣֻҪԴ֮ͺˡ
ԱһƷæͷ
԰㿴ǾƷԴ֮򷢻ӳҲˣƣ
ʱһϵľƷ͵һһƱΧŰ˹ȥ


Ʊϯ˷Բʮ׵ĵطܿҲɢˡԾ١һƷ˵ƱȥٿŰǧԶĵط
𣿡
ʩչƣҲŰôһ롣˹Ӻ˿
Ҳԣҹ˼ĶǺȻԴ֮ɷȻҹ˼ҺȻʩչϣȥԴ֮úѰѰӰɡѪ᲻֪ʲôʱܹʼҪ׼һҪ̵ʱҵӡ
ߣڹ˼Ʋҵ̫ˣһΪͻƲ˵ڶżЦǷҪͻƵڶżȥݺݴǵǷĻôȫ¾ûˣ
˹Ӵ
ǣͰȥң
æ˱֡
Ȼת㿪ʼһЩΧȥѰˡ
ã
Ԫһû뵽˹ʱȻ񾭣ԼȥӡⲻһȥһӾͻҵԼ
Ԫ˿ǰѾһƷԼ߹ˡ
ԪＸʱħɢѾˣʱҪǱ˹µһȺƷץǾֻ·һˣЩ˼ҵ˹Ѱӣ϶ֲᷢںеԼ
ӣ
ԪһͷһƷ˿ҪԼǰ֮ʱͻȻһͬһ㾢˳ȥ
ʲô
ܵеĴ͸֮һͷѰӵƷɫһ̧ͷԪߵķ򣬰ŷӦ
ˣ
Ʒ˴һ׷˹ȥ
Ʒһ˹µĲ˶׷׶Ԫ׷лһƷˣһĿⶼԪıӰ֮ϣ
һɱ֮ſµɱǵؽԪΧסԪһ׹ߵĸо
Ԫҧס߾һ˿ڱţ
ոմѪʹѳȥû뵽Ȼֱ˹ӵ˸ˣΣǰҲѲˣ
˹ӣϴǸСӣ
˹ӣˣû׼ﻹӣ

ʱһһ˹õǹ˹ɫһ䡣ܿһ˿ɫ޵˾Ԫû뵽ԪȻֳǰ
̤Ьٴ׷һҪץ
˹ӴһȺ˷ǰ׷
ħɢԪţһ޴ѣо˹Ԫ岻Եȥ
ɱȴƵԪòƴȫǰԪҲ뵽Ѿӵ޵ԼȻᱻЩСС׷ɱһޱȶ飡
ڵԪûа취ֻһ·ҧӣӹ죬лĻᣡ
Ԫ촽ѾҧˡޱȣȻļޡǹ˹ӵԽԽ죬ԽԽˣ
ˣ
Ԫǰŵʱһâǰ˹ԪϣһӾͽԪ˵ϣ
ԪͨһԵ˵ϣǰȥ㵵̧ͷ
˼ҵЩ˶Լ׷٣ôǰˡʱԪ֮Уһͬһͦ˹
۾һѽͷһѽһѽüëһѽ˾ͷ·ǽĻ˹һֱĸо֮䣬ֻ޾ķâһ㣡
ȻǾӽԪϵĵڶˣ

Եľ
ԪôҲ벻Լùûж˹ӵ׷ɱӽǸոյˣû뵽һӾˣԴ֮ҲСôԼôù͸
ӽȻҲԪһ·˹ʼմűЦ⡣϶¿Ԫͺһһ㣡ղʱ˿Ǻܵİû뵽ҲǱʱ̣
촽ӽվ˾ԪԼʮ׵ľ롣
û뵽û뵽ɽˮ꣬ǾȻôˣ
ӽʼ硣
һӽȻǾƷˣԪܹоʵ֮ͨľƷҪǿ࣡ԪĿǰʵǲսʤģ
Ԫ˸ţƺ˼ŶԲߣƬ̺󣬾վϷҲЦ
ǰӽû뵽ôͼˡѾɵˣ
Ԫʼ
ᵽӣӽɫŭɱ˸ţԪᵽʹһ㣡
ߣöӣ㣬ҾͿһţҲ벻һɣ֣֮
ӽ֮ϣͻȻһֻ֣ȻԪһ·ǣԽԽ󣬽ԪסԪѲ
ӽĴֹ֮ʱԪڵͬʱõӽôҲҲģ֪ôԼټϢ
ߣ
ӽ˰죬ҲûҵӣһöԪҲûҵɫѿޱȣû뵽ҵȴһҲ̲
öӣ㾹ȻȫˣĶɱ㣡
ӽһɱӿͬһԪ˶


524 Ԫ
ɱңԶòӣ
ھӽһʱԪͻȻԭԪǰڰУȻһתͷȥȻӽ˵ϣؿԪ
˼ҹ˹һһöӸԴ֮߱õӵ˶ȥˡӽĲޣҪõӣֻпҡеԪ԰ӡɽ磬ԪжҪ㲻᲻֪
Ԫ˾ӽһˣ㡣һӽ
ԪǡԼơԪƾǸԪӵ޾Ԫÿһӽ
ӽɫ˸ţԪĲǼʶġȷʵһǾӽӣԪҲǼ֮
ղԪɨһȦҲûзһöԪ
ԪȻϡҪԸ⻤ҵİȫ⼸֮ڣҿÿһöԪΪ꣡
Ԫ˾ӽ֪ԼĻѾӽˡһһöԪԪ˵Ʋѡھӽ˵ȴһ֣һ궼׬һöԪ
һö
ȻԪĻӽ˫۶ڷŹ⡣Ҫ֪һһӣҲŲԪԪһ͸һöֱǷˣ
ߣ˵ҾҪţ㵱ɵ𣿺ãڸóһöԪҾͰ㣡
ӽɱԪֻܹйߣûʲôʵԵĺôԪõԪʵڡ
˵ԪϡҪҪԪĻȰҵסˣ
Ԫ
ʱĸ˼ҵѾӶеĽϣӰһ佫ԪΧУһ·׷Ԫ׷ˣ
ҵˣؿĶܣ
ϿԪ¶˵顣
һԪֻһƷˣǾƷˣҪԸԪɡһ˰ΧԪ¶顣˹Ȼ˼Ҹ˳ǵҲù˼ҵĺֻڹ˹ǰ˹ϵܹõ˼ҵӡ
˼
Ԫվһʱ򣬾ӽȴ˳˵ǲģӽҲܹù˼ҽ˸ˣ
ҵģ
ӽӰһһ˽ϵǰƷǿߣĿ⽻㣬Ȼɱ


ȭͷսÿ죬Ҫһ㡣ӽҲԪĲŶԣôھȻվͬһˣ
ӽ㾹Ȼҵ˼ң
ϱ˹
⼸ҵġ⼸ȥٽ
ӽûſڣմ˽ϵĶüͷ𣬿˿ӽֿ˿Ԫ
ϲ֪ԪôϾӽߵģӽʵȴܹСԽһ˵ʵǾӽĶ֡˹ڵ;ӽ⣬Ҳܾ˵Ľ
ɫ˸ţƬ̡ڴ˹
á
ֻ˵һ֣ȻתХȥŹ˹ӵķ˹ȥ
ˢ
ˢ
һƷǿˣ˼ҵﶺȥæһһӰһӶ
һΣǻˡӽ΢΢Ȼˣǹ˼Լһǵˡʱ䵽ˣһҪԪͻȥСһֻ֪Լǣ
ȻӽתԪ˹һĿĿԪ
Ұ赲һΣԪأ
ӽ˹
ߣҴȥȡԪ
ԪǸһ˿Ц⣬ǰ˹ȥӽƣԼԪÿȹʱ䣡
ԪǰţӽںšСɫ䱸ؿԪƺԪʹʲôһ㡣
˽ʮĵطԪŲͣ
ԪͲǰʮĵط㲻ܹȥֻҡ
Ԫعͷ˾ӽ
á
ӽ˵ͷ
Ԫֱǰ˹ȥһƧĵطӽߡʱʶӿϽΧʮ֮ڣȫǣһӽʶ׶ɱ
ʱԪȡ飬ʼ˷Ǯ˵ĵֻҪǮƶ࣬ڹؼʱ̣ҲԱסԼ

ӽҲʲôƲ硣ȻԹԶšҪһ˵׽Ԫ
ӽʶӿԪڵĵطѰȥҪ̽ԪĵϸʶһԪܱߣһĪɱնɱһжʶ
Ȼ˽䱸
ӽһʱҲûмѰȥԪԪĵطҲ⸽ʱԼǰȥúѰһˡ
ʱȥԼʱʱȥˡȵӽȵЩͷʱԪͻȻվ˹
һһؾͳӽ֮СȻԪһӣһԪХӽǰѻһССıɽһŨҲɢõΧһƬ㣡
һöԪ಻٣ɡ
Ԫסֱۣ΢΢һЦ
ǰһԪӽ¶һ˿֮ɫղԪȷʵûԪ֪ġһóô࣬ɼĽԪǰ档
ߣ
ӽһӣֱӽԪȻӰһԪĵط˹ȥ
ԪȻóһöԪ϶ǲص֮ҪǽһȫҵҳôԼͳ׷ˣ
ӽ¶˷ޱȵ飡һ޴ĽɽѾԼͷһ㣡ͲһܹԪصôԱܹԼ۾Ѳ飡


525 ʮ
ԪһЦȻ֪ӽȥʲôҪԼ׽Ԫˡ
ԪԪǸղģӽôҵõ
ˢ
ӽһԪղվĵطΧʶӿʼɨһһ磬ҪһƬƷһ飡
ȿʼ˫Ŀ˷ޱȣģղԪһطⷽԲ֮ڣǽⷽԲ֮ڵеطһ飬ȻԪҲ
֣
ӽüͷٴηѰ顣ΪԪʲôؽƣȴûиӦκνƵĴڡ
ȴûҵԪ䡣
ӽɫüѿȻˢһ£Ԫǰ
һξӽû˵ֱӴԪһһšͲҲԪϵ
ԪҲվŲƾӽӽ˼飬ҲҲκԪϢ
ӽԪɱ˲ǿ
ѾȷԪϿ϶ԪһŸһöŲأҪԪȫó
˵Ԫˣ
ӽһͭŽָԪĲӣĽ⣬һɭȻĺ⣬õԪ˶һ׹ߵĸо
ֻԪȴƽվš治ɫ
Ҫɱɱɡɱ֮òһԪ
Ԫ۾һνģ
ӽԪҧÿ졣ɱԪһöԪõǲɱԪԪģ־úܲ
ҧг˰̣ӽںߵһתȥˡ
һһöԪһöҾɱ㣡
ӽ˹
ԪҲû˵ȼ˺֮ϡ
ڶԪĴȷʵܲرڵٱѪʹˡԪзаӰɱ֣ͰӰɱ֣ѪʹĶ֣
ıħɢЩʱգֻܹС
һӽʵӦûӰɱ֮ϡܹԪҲǺõģԺúæֵ⼸졣
Ԫ۾

Դ֮ãã֮ϡ
Ѫʹӥվţʱһǰ˫Ŀдž⣬˱ǰѪֳϣ
ӥղԴ֮һ·ѰԪǾȻҲԪ䣡
˵ԪѾħɢľ綾ܳôԶġԪȻܳôԶҲ֪϶ԪԱ߳һ֡
ѪϣѪʹԴ֮Ѱһˡǰõöӵˡ³֮칬ضͣ
ӥѪϡ
Ŷ˾ȻѪѳȥˣ
Ѫɫһ
˽ƻޱȡ߾ȫѲųϢȥ˵ʮԪ
ӥսȭͷֻҪܹԪ˵ʮ򣬾һԪ칬Ҳܹõó
ʮ
仰Ѫɫˡ治֪һ˵ʲôͷȻ칬ķӴԴѲ
ʮԪɲһСĿ
ãȥ졣
Ѫһתȥˡ

Դ֮һƧ֮
һ˵Ӱ£Եü侪޶ˡ
ʼջ˯û˪ϾȲԪʵǿħɢ֮󣬾Ȼܹ֧ôá
ħɢ󣬾ͳû
˪ΧӰɱվЩԪˣȫػ˪Χ
ǰ棬һԪķںһֻòţ
ԪķԪķԪӰɱ֣˪ΧػԪ˪ʱһԽЩȫֻϣܹȫ
ֻ˪ΧȴƺǶһֻһֻȺӺð˳׷
ɢĹ⡣ɭȻ£
ǰһŮˣʲô׵֪֮ɱǶٵˡڿ˪£ЩãܹưոݣģԪķѾ֧ŲסˣԪӰɱҲ˹ȥս֮У
һҵɱŸոտʼ
ħɢ˪ûҲƺûзΧ

ѪʮöԪ׽ԪϢһӴ˳ܿԴֶ֮ߣ
ʮöԪͨ˵ֱһ֣ǹ˼Ĵ壬ҲδܹõóôԪ
ڣѪȻóôԪԪ
ǴʲôԭҲԪʲôˣ˶ʼжѰԪ䣡
һССƷˣȻֵʮöԪĺûκһҪ
ԭҶѰӣǺܿ죬׷תĿꡣʼѰԪˣ
ӽһֱԪԪÿ춼һöԪھӽ˵һ޶Դ
ȻŹԪҲһƷˣҲʱضɶԸˡֻҪԪòԪͻԥԪץȻ˼ң
ܿ죬ӽ͸ı⡣ΪʮԪľ޶ʹĶ䣡
ʮöԪһϢʱ򣬾ӽɵˣôҲû뵽ѪȻóôԪͣһ֣Ƭ̺˫Ŀо˸䴦ԪһһԪֱץȥȡһöԪ
ͬʱõϢģԪ
ԪҲû뵽Ѫóôһʾ޶ԪͨԼһϢһóȻԪ;ӽǰѪ˵ġ
ھӽ֮£ѩ˵ʮ͵ɡһ̣ԪԼļƻƻˣΣˣԥת˳ȥ
ӽĿ˸ţȻҲԪ׷


526 ϣ
ӽȷ黹Ҫ죬һʮöԪֻͣ۾ƺҪŹˣӰһˢľԪ˹һɭȻɱõԪֺ󱳷ĸоֱָ飡
ԪҧȻܹܵӽһɱĿ£ϧħɢľ綾᲻Ȼ޵ʵֺӽ
ӽɱԽԽһ̾ҪԼһ㣡Ҫ̴Լһ㣡
Ԫһ͵ϵԪеķ˪ֻһˣ
Ȼûбҳɷ֮ԪҲòʹóˣ
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ӽһȻԪץ˹
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ش˵ڵԪûħɢԪҲЩ

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ԪһԾǿĴڡץסˣȻõһǿһһʯĴ飡
ӽԽԪ˹ȥŴʱץסȴҲõԪϵЦ⣬ԽҪһ޴ˣʵ̫ˣ
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Ԫָָ档ʱһȺúƺƵŶ˹ȥ


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ӥһѪУԪ¶Ц⡣
ʵԪһֱһǡԴ֮أбѪʹǿߣ
ڿûϵԼôͻƷˣֻǲѪʹԴ֮
Ѫʹ̰֮ˡͼҪץסԼȡһͣһУ͵ڸԪһᣡ
ʱ֪ԼԴ֮򣬶ԪʱӣͻƷ˾磡һжɺϣУҲԪ˻ᡣ
ȵԪͻƷˣ뿪Դ֮ҪҵĻɱԼϼˣ
뵽ԪϵЦŨʵʻǲģֵֻһȺʵ̫ˣ


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ϹиԪΪһɾǿߵʱ򣬾ѾʧˣԪҲͼѰңȴûҵû뵽ȴԵɺϵ¶Ӱ
ģΣһС֮УӦϹиϾĵ֮УӦϹи¾ĺʦһξΪϹиϾ
䣬ܹ˳ϣõϹиҲһ뷨֮ԪȻǸӽӰˡ
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Ԫӣֵļ˵ʵʲôԶԸˡ
ĺСƷ˵ʵǿͻƵڶżǴʦֳ½֮ʵԸһЩھƷˡЩ˵ʵŴһٱԪҲʰˡ


545 
ķŵС󣬱ӻȡһСסˡĹУСӡ
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СƺʱŷӦһֱ뿪ּң֪նСǰΪ˶ȴû뵽Լ˵αƭ
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ĽĵЦ
ʦֵӣ֪һεεС϶ǲŹġСܺͺ壬û׼õŵĵطء
ҾҲвҵģ
СתͻȻҧסԼͷȻҪҧԾҪʱžһĶϣ

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ĿСɨɨûȥ˼ȻĿĶС
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ɾʱԪӰһǰס˵·
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þ˻һůĸоҡҡ׹ʱҪεһ㡣ʱԪǰϵͻȻȥһһһ˿ҵѩͳǰһԪ˹촽欣ǻģһܹ˵ȫȼ
ľһ˿ҵԪһסԪĲӣǻȷĽȥ⻬ָԪϴţҪòԪÿһ缡ÿһëһ㡣


546 
ϧԪѾֱɫǵ͡˫Ŀһĵл˲߽⣬۵һѪ˳ˣһ˵ϣ
ղǺķȫȻ֮Ԫϧϳû뵽ȻǱԪʶˣ
⻹ôĵһΰ
Ԫһ˿Īɫ벻ףһССƷˣôôµʵ
ԪɨɨģɨɨСʱǲû֡
һСּҵˣϵϹиϾһģǺڵˣϵϹи¾ˣͿԽϹи¾ȫõҲһ
ԪĵǰԪ߹ΪֻţڲǰѩһƬӿԵ쳣޴
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Ĳæҡͷһ˫ȴǰתţҪѰİ취
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ԪһסľºĵĹѩףͬ֬ȷʵһѵõĺ꾫
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Ԫһ֮ϣ۳һֻ⻪תɱ˵սľȻһĵ˹ȥ
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֮ģ˽֮رǶԷŮ˵Ҫǻݣ͵ҪԪһ˵Ҫľһӻˡ
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Ԫüͷ𡣳Ƭ̡ͻȻ䷢ʲôԪһ΢΢һ

ķһӡʱԪѾһɫľȡ˳
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ԪĿٴϣ΢΢Щͷۡ˵˱ɣӦԼҲòϹи¾
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ʱԪĿԱߵСϡ֪ΪʲôԪôһСһֺµӵĸо
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֪ʲô˶ܹˣһֻܹԼСʹҪܳȥ
֪ԼܳȥĻһᱻסҪЮԸԼסǰһİҲͬϣû˿ţֻԼ


547 Ϯ
ʱһһĹȥȴûԪԤϵȥչԭΪĺʦѾȫ׼ԴСｫϹиϾȡ
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ԭĹƣҪôĵĴʦõϹиϾּҵ׷ɽĻغϡҪôСĸĴʦ֣һȺѯʳС֮أȻҴҸԪлõϹиϾ
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Ԫ̾˿ʱҲûȥοϾթģ˸ȥһθһѵҲǺõġ
ٵȸһ죬ûԪòЮСȥּҿˡѾõϹи¾ûϹиϾ֮ġ
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СᶼҪˡ
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СɿҧסԪ죬֪ԼԪˣ峺˸š
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СæǸ
Ԫûɽѹ£ȻһһӾͽ⿪ˡ
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ԪɫأٶȴһʱȻ£
һ˲䣬ĿռΪģһǿģµ˲ܾһһγһ㣬ѹȥ
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СҲصĵǡԭԼ׻ЩΡڿԼ׻ǲҪԼĺáһҪˣ϶Ӳĵġ
Сҧס˺ӣＫͲ


548 
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ڱ뿪ѰϹиϾ鶼ҪʱˡԪĿСϡ
ԪĿһɨСһֵӺµĸо֪ΪʲôڼʶԪֲʵԪֱܵĺ¡Ϊһ˷·ָ֮ͿҪԼһ㡣

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СԪǰͷҿԪһۡʱԪСͷϡһһӿȥСӡԼһʶӡǡ
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ʱԪ˸߿֮УԪǰһ߸ߵɽ壬ɽ֮ϣдŰɫ滨ɽҰһ滨ζҲ˱ǶַϤĸо
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549 бȴ
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ȡһɫϻӣϻӴ򿪣һɫĵʣӣأɢһԶŵϢ
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æ̧ͷǰһȴǰһ֮СȻһɽޱȣܹӦǧ׵ڣҲЩѰĵӵıر֮
һϺõʯ󣬿һöԪҪҵԴҾͷˣ
졣ҵƲݣҪϽɵġҵʯȴľΪСķԼӷֵ
ϱӶȥɽɽ˹ȥ
ɽ֮ڣŲһסˣ俴ɽڵһУΪʱɽڣȻһڴţһ࣬·һĵӣǵҩŵˣ
ôİ˴ɽ֮Уɽ⣬нƴ
һĨɱǴɽߣֻ·һ
ӴһԪʵԪˣֻһССƷˣԽΪ˵ʵԼƺѹƣ
ɱˣԽеķҲһ
촽һȥ


554 
ԪֻҪһطˣǲ֪Ϊʲôᱻ˴š
ȸһ˵ûȫʱ򣬾Ȼиʶô˽
Ԫû۾ԾɾšΪӻԼȥû뵽Լ˹¶̰ģԼһɿڵһ㡣
Ȼ۳һȻҪԪѴ̹
ס֣
ԪͻȻ۾ӡ۵Сۣһɱŷȥȫû뵽ԪͻȻѹһڵأһˣ
ǴʱѾǼˣѾԪ¶ɱǲֻ֣
ȥɣ
һԪѴ˹
һԪϣͺһͭǽ֮ϣȻҡԪַֺ
ȥ
ԪҲЩŭˡߵᱻ˴š鵱ȻˬˣһֱԴϡͨԴԪһĽ
˽ȥ׶ȻôҲѲˣȻʹQ
أ
أ
һĺʹӵص´˹ӷġҪȥԪȴûзŹ˼һĺϣһ̤ȥõӶҲˣƬ̣ͳһغˣ
ԪɫأһĿϴ
Ǳڵҩŵĵӣ
ԪüͷһӱԼɱˣܿͻҩŵע⡣ԪǸ˵״̬Ҫѵҩŵ׷ٿɲʲô׵顣
ǣһȫԪҪǽִһ㡣±ȸҪ׷ˣϾڿڱڵĵ̣
Ԫﾫâ˸˼ŶԲߡ
Ƭ̺󣬴ɽ⣬㴫һˢˢĽŲеӴϹˣ
ضǵҩǰɽѰݵĵӣ
ԪƬ̣һӻӵģɽ˳ȥ
ǰϸĦһӵģ̬ڶݽġΩΩФֻҪʵԼߵһֲˡ
ˣʱҲ١
´֣ʲô£
Ԫһ߳ɽ۵ӱѯ
ûûʲô£ˤ˸ͷѡ
Ԫͷŧ۾Ǻ̬ԡ
ûõĶҵƲ𣿡
һ۵ӱӵÿԪһۣѯʵ
ûûС
Ԫѧ´ֵ
ǻϿȥң
۵ӿ´û£ӰһطѰ˹ȥȻѰʲôƲݶ˵Ҫ
ȵҰ
Ԫ˿ɽһЦҲϸȥһҡԲĶӣһ׷ȥ
ҩǱڵĻҪصأѰ˸ܹ׽СǱҲԣ
ܹҩţǿȡһʱϾȵԼ׻ָƣӳҲ١
Ԫϸ۵ӵĽŲããɽѰ
ҪҵƲƺ飬һʮɽѰһ죬Ҳûҵ
ڣҹĻʱһȺ˴ظˡ
ԪһȺУ֪ģµΩΩФ´ֱһȺвۡȻû˷쳣
ҩڵǵ룬һֺľ޴⻪תţԵüϺ
ڵҩ֮⣬ƣֳֵҩŵĵƵĻͽã
Ԫһ
Ԫһ·⼸۵ӵֻǸɫѿͷɥԼͬŵҩһ˹ȥ
һҴڵҩŵˣһºɫʯţӡŰ·Եü
ˢ
֮ԪԱߵĵһȥ
ԪҲϸŹ£Ըܵõ֮ڵƺһµǿߣΪߵһЩ۵ӶʼΡΡԵúǺ¡ǰһλݸߵĴӣϸǺ䤱ʲôһ㣡
īʦܣǰɽѰƲݡһգȴûаջ񡣿Ʋݲûɹ
ݸߴӱֵ
֮ڣһƬĬ˺þãŷ·һ֮ڴ˹
һü֮ᣬǺĴһ㣬һůůĸоǵݸߴīǰȻһֻ޴ƣžһ£īϣ
Ķǵ˶һ㣡ԪоԼĶЩˣɵÿݸߵӣһƴҲ̫˰ɣ
ȻīһӾͺ屶СһѪİӡĿۡƤϣһɹѪӿ˳ܿұһѪɺˣȻһĵĿȫˣ
ᾢ
Ԫɵһ
֮ƿصġе˾רᣬõҪվ͸գҪᣡã
ǰһ紵ʱԪоû뵽תۼͷױãγµǿṥƣɴ˿ɼǳʵĿºǿᣡ
һīĴӣڵĳߺݺݳһƺ󣬾Ȼ仰Ҳ˵ֻǵͷӡ֤ԪĲ²⡣
һȺûõķˣƲݾͲȥѰˣȵ֮ʱѰ٣⼸գīŵӸտҩɣ
һϵ˹Ȼ˳Ĭžһ仰ûˡ
˰죬īŻվҲվһһǷ˴Сһ㣬ͷ˳ȥһﲻ
ԪҲ֪ЩɹϿģӶʦԹԶеġԪҲȥ
һڵλҲˣⵤҩкúþˡ
ȵָƣ֮󼪣


555 ͵
ȵ뿪˱Ķ֮⼸۵Ӳŷ·˿
ģȻͷտҩ󣡵ҩҩǧǧÿһֶҪտĻûûҹҲ갡
ǰþҪѲ֪ʱˣ
ҪһСĳ˴ٻһּƷҩ±ӶҪ˼±չˣ
һȺ۵Թصտҩ鲢ɡ
һԪҲ֪ѩеҩ󣬵ҩڷŸּƷҩÿһּƷҩҪʱտġ
ϾڵҩһЩ̲عϵĵҩ¶ż꣬ǧʷеĵҩտĻ׾ͻʹҩ󽵵͡
ԪںţҲ˼š
տҩҲδزһ顣㹻ĻӴ鵤ҩ
Ȼ˵Щ鵤ҩƼӳֻ֣ܹճտܹߡ
Ԫһ˽Ƶĸ֡Ԫһᡣӣͷɥ飬ԪԵЩȻԵá
ܿһ˾˵ҩ
ҩܹ㣬ʮңÿһ֮УŲٵҩеĶѻĵҩڼ
ʮңʮտСľ֮£Ǽķ;ġ
ϾЩҩޱȣһǿҪܵ޴ͷġҩţûһԸ顣
ÿ߼ңúտȵպʦأضԼġʱǷֲԾǺԸ
ݸߴʦīһ˹ȥһĵҩΪȻտ
ҲԼһ㣬Լ˹ȥ
ʣµһƬûȥңȻԪ
ԪֳһƬӷƣһɫ˹ȥҵſһգһҾʹˣ
֮ڣ˳ǧƿƿ޹ޣɫۻҵĸо
һŨҲ
ô൤ҩ
ǼҩԪҲһû뵽ڱڵĵҩ󣬿ؾȻôḻ
ҩž뱱ڳԺӦûжٵľ롣һҩҪǳĻڳԺ϶һʱϹ
Ȼ֮еĳߣҲǸѰɫϾܹⵤҩŽⳤ߹Ȼⳤߵʵġ
Ԫмһ޴ģͬ׸һСĺɫǰɫ֮ڣɢŵΪŨ
һɫ׵ĿڴӡŷŷԭӦǽƽƵɫȴմȾһЩɫĻҳɫЩ
ԪϵĵҩǸոƶɵģܵ۹ȾĸʺСⵤҩĵҩͲһˣеķǧ֮꣬ãĵҩоĻϻʱ䡣
ǵʳһ
ո֮ҪʱãҪһЩʱˡ
ⵤҩҪɫ֮ϵķ֮ϡ
ŷ֣һŽⶨ˼⣬ǽЩҩ֮Уκ˶ƶ
ҲǵҩųϿõӾҩԭڡ
һŷͽ⾻Զҩġҩõõҩ־Ǿҩ֮󣬱ͻմȾ۹ԪҪľǾž
Ԫȴû
һžľÿһŶҪķĸʱһһСģ͸Ӱĵҩ˵ԪҲ⣡
Ԫע⻹˴ڵĵҩ֮ϡ
ĵӣܹЩҩע⡣ΪⶨǾƲˣ
ԪȴһԪӰѧϰֻɬѶĽƣƵĿȻơ
ЩƣŶݼݻҪһּ򵥵ĽƵӶɣһּ򵥽ƾͳ֮Ϊͽ׽ƣ
ɵͽ׽ƵӶɵģǸ߽׽ƣ
ɽƵĵͽ׽Խ࣬ƾͻԽӡ˵Ľƣʹﵽʮ֣ĽƣԪǽⲻģ
ǰⶨ;ԪǿʤΡ
Ԫ۾ʱ˫ȻǰӡһƷֻ⻪תţһƺۿüĽƱƷ
ʮӣⶨ;űԪ⿪ʱһŨȻ˱ǶһӾõԪһ崺ĸо¾Ȼ˵ĳ
ȻԪ
Ԫһû뵽֮ڴŵԪȻ֮ḻϸϸһȻö
öԪɲһСĿˡ⻹ֻǲССĺɫڵģڵĻⵤҩŵĿ棬ǿµ
Ԫ˵һ£ֱӽԪΪˣ
Ѿⱱڳ׽ˣҲںٶһʡԪٶģ
ԪöԪȫԼĴԭⲻĽղŵĶ;ȥתһЩƿƿ޹˹ȥ
Ԫ
Ԫ˶鿴һ¡һֹԪԪԪһҲṉ̀Ԫ鵤ҩǹԪڸ߽˵ôһЩ
Ԫѡһ֣ԼĴСԪĴޣⲻͬĵҩҪֱã֮УȻҩԪֻܹѡԵ¡
ȻԪһ޴ĴǾԪһЩʳ֮ζ֮ϧĵҩԪԥķŽԼ
ֻԪһţһɢźɫĹâһɢŽɫĹâһɢɫĹâ̷ҩɵĺЩڿӿԪʼϷͣ


556 Իɵ
ԪץҩһһԼӽȥЩҩ඼ṉ̀Ԫģȥһ޷ڣպҲ޾ĺô
һЩȽѵõĵҩԪȫԼĴڡԪĿռȻ󣬵ȴġȡĵҩ뾫ϸѡſԡ
Իɵ
Ԫóһɫƿӣüͷû뵽ȻҵһƿԻɵԻɵһ飬ͻɢһԻϢ˲佫ԷΡ
ԪȻƷˣʵ޷ֵԻɵԻ
ԻɵԱߣӦûýҩŶԡԪѰһ£Ȼҵˡ
µˣԻɵԻ󡣶Ԫ˵һɶõǱֲסֱӷųԻɵͿˡ
ԪԻɵȻּѰ
ԪڵһңӵеɵʤЩɵԪԪ֮ĵҩرƷ
ϺõɵӦöڴʦīڵڡ
׳
Ԫһƿҩʱ򣬲ɵ۾û뵽֮УȻ׳ֶڡ
˵׳ɵһȥ󣬶һꡣԪⷽ浹󲻴󡣾㲻׳ɵԪǷǿ
Ԫܿͽɵһ飬ǰǰ󣬶½һǧöɵˡ
ԪӴıǱЩɵӯġ
Ԫɴ۾
ͻưƷƷˣҪɵ̲ⵤҩţһĺȥ
Щҩû׼ܹԼһͻưƷҲһ
Ԫ۾ĬĬʱתɵҺ忪ʼںγһɹۻԪ֮Уˢ
һ飬һ飡
ÿһˢȥϾõԪÿһһ̥ǵĸо˵⣡
ȣ
ȣ
Ԫڷ̰ԪЩڷۻޱȵ
ԪڵЩķ֮£Ҳʼϳɳۿɼٶ֦Ҷϵصõ
һɹɵҺ壬תΪԪľ֮УõԪøǿᣡ
һԪϣϹԪ´ʪһ͸ȴԽʹɢ˵Ĺɫ
ԪʱѾ͵ҵĴСرĶӣԲԲģԿɵ̲У
ԪķЩɵϱԪҲС

ʱ
Ԫۣ˫Ŀһ˿γ֮ɫվ¶һ˵ۻ
ǰȸ˵Ƴ׻ָˣʵҲ֮֮ǰۻ
йʶҲǱ쳣ɸ֪Χһ顣ֻǣƷˣȴٳûͻơ
޵׶޵׶
ԪԼ
תһõԪԼޱȡԪҲǴһƷ˵ɾǿһġ
ÿһȼӵеʵҲڣһеĹɡ˵ƷˣʵȴԶԶǿľƷˡ
֮ڣɵǵһ˼ĵز
ղŵĹУһǧöɵһǧöɵԪԪǿʮɵȴһˣ
Ҫ֪ﵽʵʱҲûǿ
ԪҲ֪ͻҪķѵԪԽ࣬պʵӵľˣ
ͺһ˳ԷԷԽˣԽΪ˷ھͶǺʵһش׼
ʱҲˡӦÿԳȥЩʦǻˡڵɵƷĶҳԵĲˡٳȼɵҵûжô
ҪܹŪʦīǼȥɵ¸˴ѡ
Ԫ촽
ⵤҩŵɵǱڳǧĻڡ̲ŵĸֵҩʤòһǱ뱱ڵҩŵĻᣬԪˡ˭ñڹŹСɣ뽫ԼδĶӶᣬԪô֡
Ԫҡ
棬ī۵һһڵˡɫ㲣ͷȻ⾻ܺķǵѪ
´Ҳˡ߰ɣȥŷԸȻҪˡ
ī̾˿ɥǰ档
ӣΪѡΪصңҩΪһҪССһŪˣŪһöƷҩϵƢ̼ҪһغˣϾЩƷ鵤Щӵʵ̫Ϊ㹻ˡ
ʦĸ֡һαչô죬϶һöƷҩʦƷҩɹһˣǾͲܵͷأ
Ԫ˼һ¡׳ôһ⡣
һʮ·ţĬԪֻԼˡҪȺ۵ӵ̽Ϣ鱨
ߣӣ㵹
īȴһߡ
ʦһƵĵҩ֮󣬾Ϳͻ磬Ϊôɹ
ǡʦʵɵģκҪսѶ̫󣡰㲻˵ãһ˵ҸˣʦһʧܳأһǲȻŭʱûʦضǨŭǣʦƢǵˡ
һȺְ̾


557 Ʒɵϣ
Ԫһ⣬˲ʹ˻ϻӡõʮ۵ӣ¿ˮһ·˵ʳãʳﻹੲݵ˵š
ͨǵ̸ԪҲ˽һЩ
⿴صҩŵĳϣʲô֣ûκһ֪һͼ̹һ磬ȴʧˣ
ǿޱȣһԣɽֻֿܡҪôǷ𻯳ΪһǿߣΪ֮Ԧǧ֮ϣ
Ҫôٵĺ֮£ɢ׵һغ
ȴһ⡣ȻΪһ
Ҳ˵֮£ȴûͻƳΪ磡ʵҲھƷ˺֮¡飬ԪǴûм
Ϊĸʣǰ֮һɽ磬϶ǵһġԳΪģȴƫƫŪ˰Ǹ˶ܡ
ȻֲġһһҪٴͻƳΪ硣
мңǾʹӵҩ֣Ѱ˼һζֱӷĵҩ
ԪЦЦ
ûд֮£㹻ǲܶȻΪġƵĵҩһʼ߼ϾͳˡƳɹ
ȻͬԪϡһʱ䣬ȻûƳɹ
ķ֮ϵĵҩڼơΪƹܵҩţҪٵ鵤ҩ
ԭڳԺԴ˺ϾǱڵˣôĵҩҲ˷ѱڵĿ档
ǱһʦЩȻȴ˵ʲôټƢŹ֣ⵤҩžͽֻʣһ˿ˡֻҪܹصҩţܹṩԴԴϵ鵤ҩͿˡڳԺһУҲ̬֮֮ȡ
ԪĬĬš
ʲôûʲôȤԪȤĻǴʦīصһҡ
һ֮ڣض̲ļƷɵԪܹ뵽һ֮УȻЩƷɵӶû׼ͻưƷ˾硣
ԪѾɵˣҲоۻ뵽һ㣬ֻһͿͻưƷ˾硣ƿȴͻƵġ
ԪҪһЩǿɵһ̼С
Ԫһ˴ʦīĶմֻǺīн
ʦ֣ʳܷôʦֵһ¡Щ˽ܻʹʦ˵ǹϵġ
Ԫۿ˿ʦī
ݸߴʦīҲ̧ͷһ˫Ԫ˹촽䶯ţҪ˵ʲôȴû˵ڡ
ðɡ
īҲմ˹Ȼ֪´ҪԼʲôǿصģƺʲô顣һʱҲûʲô
ܿ죬һ˽ʳƷʮӺ󣬾Ⱥ뿪ˡ
ʲô£ӡ
ݸߴʦīվһͷĿӡ´һȺ֮Уһһ۵ĽɫĬĬţʦīʵ벻´Լʲô顣
ġʦ֣ҷϵһܡ
ԪõȻסһöԻɵһӸˣ
ܣʲôܣ
ȻݸߴʦԪ˹ʱһʦīΧסŨԻҲǲӿݸߴʦֵĿڱ֮䡣
ãԻ󵤣
ʦīŵζɫ䣬ҪȴѾΪԻѾѸٽڣڻ˾ʶ֮СʦīһһӾԵ˹ȥԪȷ˽ҩԾԻɵȴҲκβַֺ
ߣ
ԪȴһЦһȺƷӻǺúŪһʦ֣׾پͱԼˡ
õһ䵥İᣬǲõı˷֡ԪԻʦī󣬾һϾͽʦīϵķȡ˳
ȻԪĦһģӰһóΪӡ
ʱԪʦī߳˰ᣬһط
Ի󵤵ԻûиҹʦҲϳأʱ䡣
ʱ䣬㹻ԪڵúЩƷɵˡԪڵѾ纣ֻҪپһĴ̼ͻưƷ˾ǰ
Ԫݸߴʦֵģ󣬾ֱӴӷ˳Ȼŵҩ˹ȥ
һֱ˵㣬īص֮⡣
Ա֮ڵһҪ࣬һƣݺύĹ⻪֯һγ硣вͻᴥƣرᴥҩŵľء
ԪСţһ֮⡣īص߼䣬ߵһ䣬Ҵϣӡһ޴İǰתĹ⻪һƣչؽĻ׾ͻᴥƵĹ
Ԫīķƣһӡһӣǰϴ˿
Ԫһϲæ֮˽ȥǻû߽ңһɿµɨ˳ȻֱӽԪӲ˳
ʲô
ԪѾ˴ʦīķơһóΪīģôܻᱻҽƵأ
ԪɫһѿҪԼðī鱻ˣ»ᾪҩţʱʲô϶ϹɱԼ˵ڵЩƷ鵤Ʒɵò֣ԼСΣգ
ôҩţȡڵҩһ顣Ԫ͵ǧöҩõñڳԺ׷ɱԪˣԪµĺëһ


558 Ʒɵ£
԰ţ
ʱһ˹࣬
ţ
ԪһղŴҴææ˴ʦīûⰵһ¡ңҪ֮ءĽƻأҲɭϡҪӵķ֮⣬ȻҪʲôš
ãû֡
Ԫ˿ʱת˳ȥȻ뾡һа취ʦīŪѣȻʳšȻٶȽˡһУСûκ֪ͷ֡
ߣ޽
Ծƨ˼ӦǸʲôԼõġȻ֮ҾʹˡԪ˽ȥҴһӺ£رգ
Ԫ߽֮Уϸ鿴ڵĵҩûǰôࡣÿһֵҩޱȣ
Ԫߵһɫĺǰ澹ȻʮһɫУ˸ã
ʮҲζĽƼӴʮҪ򿪵Ѷȼ֮
Ԫڽ֮ϣ侫ͨʮƣòֻ⻨ѵʱ䣬ҪһЩѣ
Ԫɫһ˫ȻӡڰзָʱԪָı䶯һŷƿ
ԪһҲǹ
ҵĽƣ֮ڵһҵĽƣʵǿ̫ˡԪ⿪ҲأǺķǶµḶ́ϵϲãƲƵƽⷽеĽƴֱֻܹһһˡ
㻨˰ʱԪŽƽ⿪

Ԫһʱ򣬺ɫϵĽȫƿʱһѩ׵ĺɻ
ɻ
һĻԪһɻҪǧʱ䣬ܹɹ̲ż䴿һɻҪһöԪܹõ
û뵽ڵҩ֮оȻһ
Ԫȡ˳һţֱӾȥ
࣡
࣡
ԪºɻڻһӱγһҺ壬Ԫ
һ֮һһһǾһӾ񱻳׾һ㣬̥ǵĸо
ԪҲһӾ˲٣ѻһһĺɫ۹ⶼڰɻľ£ڱż۹
ԪһЩɫ۹ȫ֮⣡ȡ֮ģ峺ޱȵ˫Ŀµɢһֹ⻪͸ܹ͸һһ㣡һ̶ȵĽ
Ů˷ɻ֮󣬼һƬѩ׾Өͨ͸һ·һۼϢ
Ԫɻϴ֮£ҲöȻɻϴ
ɻʹԪӾպԸٽ͸ˣ
Ԫ˲ϸϸɻһɫƿ˹ȥһɫƿ֮ϣԾ˴ķʮţ
ԽǽɭϣŵĵҩԽ
Ԫ¶˷ȵĹâ
ֻҪ֮Уһ죬ԼͻưƷˣָտɴˣԪоԼڲϵ궯ţϾҪͻưƷһ㣡

ֻһʱʱ䣬ԪŽɫƿӿһɫĵҩһ׵Ϣɢ
Ȼһö׵ԵļƷ鵤
׵ԵļƷ鵤Ԫôûкܴ󡣵Ƕ˪׵֮ȴ޾ĺôҪ˪׵ɵʹʵ
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Ԫһӣֱӽһö۵ԵļƷ鵤˴һö鵤˹ȥ
˫۳죬˸ȵĹâͺһ޾ı֮У۶ǽɽɽ
ֻҪɽɽȫɵʵõһĿֲ
Ԫҵ֮Уֽͨƣⵤڴ󲿷ֽԽ⿪
һƷ鵤Ԫ˴һ߳ţһ߽⿪Žơ
ˢˢ
ˢˢ
Ԫ֮ڣ޾ڷˢԪÿһγˢԪһ
ÿһſ˴һ㣬ڽЩա
ԪһŻɫĹ⻪˶Եޱȡ޾˷գԪӴݽ޷άȥܿͱԪģ
ϴ
ԪһַһƷ鵤ĴץסȫӽڴϴҲޱȣ˵ҪķһϣһʱܹƳɹԪȻ
һЩҪܹõļƷ鵤ԪԥȥϾֻ̽ԼĶԼһԪ׵úܡ
޾ĳˢӿõԪ¶ԵںҪըһ㣬һţ
ͻưͻư
ԪźƷ˵ľԽԽˣԪֻоԼһɲǣһƬ̣Ҫ̤Ʒ˵ľһ㡣
ͻȴٳûе
Ԫֻܹһһ鵤ֻⲻ鵤ĹУܹԼʱͻưƷˣ
ԪһҵļƷ鵤ȫչһպתһ˹ȥ
˽Ʒţڵ鵤Žƣ
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬;ԿͻưƷˡʱǵҩųƹض֮ʱ뿪֮ڣӵӰ١
˵ҩĵҩڲҩ㹻ʵٶȵõͻͽĳɳˣ


559 ϵŭ
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ĸ֮µģһöɫԲҲǼӴռһĿռСһŨ޷ʹɫԲ֮ɢõңƮĸо
öɫԲֽ
Ϻķʱ䣬ɵġѾ˽ųɾţֻһ򣬾ͿԴ󹦸ˣ
ǵҩ֮֮ͨ״ҲǵһΪǿߵĵһˣ
ȹ٣ȴֻΪһԪŲֻһ
ɫɵǰһݿݵͷɢ¶⡣ҩŵҲǱһλҪĳϣϣ
Ҷоҵ˴ӰͻƵİʲô٣ֻҪҾͿֱӷΪһ
ֻҪҳΪڱڵĵλٶҸҪǣӵиӿµԪʱ㹻ԪͿ֧ҳɾ磡һһ϶ʲô飡
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ԪڣľܹɽӶ鵤ͨ˳ˣҲطʵǡ
ЩҲԲȣΪԪķС
ԪҪƳɹˡһ£ͿԳ״ɡʱҳΪһǿߣеŬͶûа׷ѣ
վչãԭһܴ߳ȥȴǰһˡ
ΪҪΪ׼ʱѾ˾ųɾŵԲֻҪһѻ𣬾ͿԴ󹦸ˣȻɽ״ҲǵһɵͻġȴԼɹΪڣķеѪ;
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ҩ֮еĵҩһƣǺľ˵ҩǧӵѪһвٶǴӱؽɹ׶ģ
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ʧϳܲڶܲЩʧһУ㹻̵ʱССˣ֪پƷˣٱʿ
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һɾǿǱҵĵҩţĻɾǿߣܴҵĽƣ
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رкܶķӡƣǴѩѧİ֮͵õһӰĽؼһڽ֮ϵΪﵽһľ硣ѩӰڽƷ豾ǼġѧӰĽƣӦûмܹŶԡ
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Ϊƺж


洫һľ׽ʲôԼĵҩ
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ԪտʼгЩƷ鵤Ǻעִġһ߳ţһ߱Ÿ߶ȵľ䡣κ˷Լ
ǺԵһö֮Ԫ͸о˶Ԧסˡ
𵤺̲޾ԪտʼԵʱ򣬻ôȻģ𵤵ĲһӾð
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ԪǰõļƷɵһСӵĻô𵤾ȫһƬˡ
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ԪһʱҲԼӴˣ
ԪֹֻܹͣЩ̱ԪڵļƷ鵤ҪѰһЩ鵤¡ȻЩƷ鵤Ƕһһ˴С
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û뵽ղһȻûɱǰˣղŵǻһָظܵȻԪûлƣ
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һӾջ˹ơԪ᲻ЩƷɵƷ鵤֣ΪףЩƷ鵤Ʒɵжôѣ

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Ƭ̺ԪϸЦ⡣Ϊƺϵ
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Ȼƿһȴƿ澹ȻǿյһƬǾתСƵѾԪԵˣ
飬ȻϷŪң
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ǰ裬Ԫͣ˱Ե˿ǰֻǰʮ۵վţһɫĽݺύƳһž޴磡
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Ǵ͹ⵤҩŵʵϻһ｣󣬶ʲôöԸġ
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Ԫһ߰ûţһڳ˹ȥȻһɫƿӣץС
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뵽Ԫƺʲô͵ץһһļƷɵƷ鵤׷˳ȥ
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ԪץһƿһƿļƷɵӳȥһţһ߻˳
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ڱ⴫һʹغæ׷ױ˳ȥЩƷɵ˻еļƷɵԪʩ˽ƣصĻͿܳױˡеȴûС
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ڱⱦ֮ڣһҪѰһõĲ֮زУΣգ


563 
Ԫһ·ⱦڱϴ´ܣѰŲ֮ءܿ˱Ķ㡣
䷿ϵķ𣿡
Ԫһǰüͷ
ϿʲôġһݣҸɴҪȥˣ
ԪӰһ˹ȥ

һɽƣͽԪ˻ԪҲһӡڰзһӾͽҵķŴ򿪣˽ȥ
һڣһɫӭŨԪϢĸоһƬ֮У
Ԫǰһö޴ɫԲͳǰԪɫԲĵһۣͱ𺳵ˣ
ΪɫԲ֮ڣ̲ŵʵ̫ۻˡ񣬰Եɢ˻ԡ֮еĸо
ԪʶһɨҪɫԲ򡣵ʶɨȥȴⲻɫԲ̲ŵжۻ£
ģ
ɫԲԪĵһоԪʶȻ޷ɫԲ̲֮صж٣ֱǴһģۻȣ
ԪɨɨɫԲΧĸƺڿסɫԲ򣬲ɫԲӳȥ

Ԫܿ뵽֡ԪⵤҩţʶĸּƷ鵤ƷɵŨһ̶ȵģȴǵһΣۻɵƺҲֻܹӵУ
Ũ̶ȣ֮õеҩҪĿ¡
ѹ˵԰ͻ硣ȷʵǿ󣡿¶ҩ֮Уһ鵤ҩˣº
Ԫͷĥ˼
ʵʲô԰ͻ磬ԪһŵġȥȴһԷʵһ㣬Ԫһ˿һɣ
ҵҲô鵤ˣҲںôһ
Ԫƴעһ㣬ȻȥſһھҧǰҪǴʱ˿̲ȥԺûлˡ
һҧ£㱻ҧķ֮һʱһȵϢԪڷð˳˻һ㣬Ԫ
ˣˣ
Ԫɵôֻ֮ڣһƬȣַգʹᶼҪˣ
֮ӿŨȴҲۻÿ¡񴵷Ԫÿһ缡ǣת˲֮䣬õԪ¶һůĸо
ָоǰЩɵ޷ģ
Ԫÿһÿһ缡ڷű仯һɫĹ⻪Ԫð˳
ʱ˿̵Ԫ˻һ㣬ΧȼܵĻ档ӳ֮£ԪȴԵޱȡ
ʱԪٶȥڴҧԪ֮ϣ


Ԫ׽šһ̻ʣ
Ȼ˵Ԫڵʵ޷ڶ˲֮䣬ͽԪۻǿԪȥ϶кôģ
ңԪץʱõĻˣҪԶǲˣ¶ĶԼģһԪ׵
ԪסԪڴڵؿһ߰˿ڣʱӴԪҲԪԣֻܿʣһЩӵ˵ϣ
Ԫղֻſԡûôںڵı仯ڳ˺ŷԼѾŻˣ
һÿһö֮ڣȼܵĻ棡
ԪǴ֮ϣҲҪķµʱ䣬ܹ׷ɡԪȻô̵ʱڣȫˣ
ⲻŻŹ֣
漫£֮ڶεµջҪӿ¡ԪڷȼţԪ꣬Ҳܵ˿
ڵ¶ڲǣԭԪԲϵйˮ£ǲһͱˣܿ춼ҪճΪ촷۵ĸо
ܵʱԪͻȻһɱҺӿ˳һӿʼԪ
һҺ巭ӿˢԪõԭڼ˿֮еԪһĸоȻ˿ĸо
һɲǣиģҩԪڷӿϵĳˢԪ
һӣһɹһɹҩԪתÿһγˢԪԪÿһһ̥ǵı仯
ǰԪڵҩŲ֪˶ٵ鵤ҩԪǰֻŴڴ̷ûüú
ڣķ֮£һб仯Ϳʼˡ
ЩԪڵĸּƷ鵤ҩʼԪֻԼľԼľڷű仯
øǿᣬӴ׳ӱÿһ̣ܹоԼʵı仯ңֱ仯ԽԽ죬ԽԽ¡
ͻȻ䣬ԪӰһȻűⱼ˳ȥ
оڵʵ̫ۻˣѾԶԶĸɳ̶ȡͺסӵĴһ㣬ȴҪȥסӴ󺣵ĺˮһ˲䣬ĴӾҪ׾ˣ
Ԫ뽫йȥҲҸطסǧɿµǳѱ
ԪҪ뿪ⱦ֮ڡһʱҹ붯ܹסڿۻǴⱦһܶҪѿ
ԪֻоԼʵһĳɳָоʹһ㣡֮ɵҲԽԽԽۻǿʢ


564 ӳȥ
ԪҩڷݺţͬõԪ¹âɣԲ֮ڣǿѹһƬǽ壡
䣡
һӳ˱ͺһȵĻһХõΧĿ˲䶼ɱȼ޾Ĺȣ̵ᶼҪ
ʲô
ڱ֮һȺˣֻһâɵĻХɫһ䡣Ϊһ֮ϣɢѹõ˶ĸо޷Ϊһͻᱻȶȸڻѹĳ촷ۣǹâɣ˸о࿴˼ۣ۾Ϲһ㣡
ԭ˱ʮ۽Ҳɫһ䣬ΪǷܵһǿ
ػҩǵְڣԪʮ۽ɫһ䣡
｣󣡡
ʮ۽ʹһʱںХȻγһǿԵĽһµ｣Ҳٴ۶ɣ
ЩХԪͷ֯һγһǿµɱ
һŽâԵȻ£飬޾ķâʱԽѳΪ촷һ㣡ǳ޾ɱһһ⽣УҲҪɢ
ƣ
ԪһҲûжͬһмϡƽƣ
һ޴쳹ֻԪһ󿴵ü⻪ͺƴһ㣬Χ֮ϣ
ǿƣѹ£̼䣬Щ˲ɱ˲ȫѣ
һХԪǿ֮һƬѹȫΪǽ壡ݿ࣬

һҽ֮쳹ЩǱԪƷĵӣƾǶȫӳҲ޷ֵסɫ԰ףѪ¶
ʮ۵ӣҲɫһ䡣׷׵˼վס¶˾Īɫû뵽һԪʵȻ˿ǿ
ʱԪڵڲţһһҪըѿһ㣡
޾ֻͣһйڷйȥ
ÿ
ԪһȻһǰ̤ȥ
Ԫһǰ̤һ˲䣬ɽƷѹƬ̵Ĺ֮£ƬһƬеķݾȻȫ촷ۣ
ǿµƣõǰʮ۽ͲΪǷо˴ʱԪʵǿ󣬾Ȼ֮ǰǿʮ౶ֹƣֱǼδģ񶼲ɵò
ɱ
ʮ۽͵ػҩţôܿԪӳȥ
ʮ۽ͣһһ｣֯ɣԪѹ
ȥ
ʮ۽ͽ֯ɵǿԪȴ·Ӷһ㡣ٶǰ̤һȻ£
һ˲䣬ۻѹ£һ㣬ʮ۽ǿߵͷ֮ϣ
һַ֮ٵĸо˹õʮ۽ٴУɥĸоɫ˲䶼ɷ
ǿѹ֮£ǵ콣˲𣬶һһٵı
ͬһʱ̣ʮ۽ʶҪߣ
ʱȴѾˡԪĴ˲Ѿ£Ȼ㽫ʮ۽ĴΪ촷ۣ˲һغ
Ҳû뵽ǰܲס콣Ԫڲ̶Ƭ̣ʵȻͱǿһӾͽǸȫɱˣǵһûз
ʱԪһµ޵оˣվ˸߿УһԲ֮ڣʵʵ磡죬õÿռһƬŤΣ
ۻ룬Եƣ˿һۣ;òһߣǿҲҪһϢһɱһ㣡
ǰ·˶һ㣡ţһƿһ㣡
Ԫɨһۣ˶ѾηηĲû˸ԪӰһ˳ȥ

ϼֱ˷ŭѾǧŽԪȥЩƷ鵤˻ǻͷһȴԪѾӰ
׷ԪĽŲһ׷š׷ţ׷ţԼң
ڣյһƬֻĸԪȴѾʧˣոڲˣ˱ղǷ͵ˣܹ˭
ҵ
̧ͷ˫Ŀ죬ŭû綼Хǵɱݺᣬҵǽϣܿõ˲ͷ˹ѣࣣһʯ˳
飬Ҫɱ㣡
Ϸĳ˳ȥһ棬ȴһƬǽ壬ػʮ۽ͣҲѾɱˡĵӣ˵ˣεΣҩŵĽƸǲ֪ݻ˶١һƬǱ㣡
һУϸŭ졣
ԭҩűӶôļƷ鵤ѾһشĴˡû뵽ǣ໨˼ʱ䣬ƶɵһöȻҲԷ̵ˣ
͵Ҫϵ
ĺǣҶҪ׷㣬ɱ㣡֪ͨڣ˵˶˵ҩţñԺ棬ҷӳĵ·
ץ˴ˣضҪʬΣҪƤѪ
˻ͬͻһԪ׷˹ȥûһ˵ԹĴ
ܴ裬ҲǾ޴ģݵʧһʧûܹܵס
䣡
һͬһ㣬ʧ˵ǰ


565 Ʒ
ԪȻ֪Ͽ϶ŹԼԳ˵ҩźͷǰ
һ߿ţԪڵҲǷתԪ£ϵںϣϽ㣬ģԪգ
ǰûȫҩһһӿõԪʱʱͻȼɢõռ䶼Ҫ
ۼһ޵ʱԪǰõĲٱԵ鵤ֻᷭӿϣһ𣬺ֻܿȴȥǲԪ˲䱬෴ģãʹԪ޾ոˣ
ԪµÿһڷЩۻԪɸ֮ڵǷȵ
Ȼۻޱȵõ˷Īڷţһһ㣬ϷĲԪɸҲڲϵſռ䣬ϵĳ󣬳
ԪоԼʱʱ̶̿ڱ仯ÿһʱ̣һȫµı仯ӵٶԽ죬ҩҺͱԽ졣
ϸȥᷢԪ弡ϣģһ㵭ɫĹ⻪⻪Ԫ˸Եޱȡ
ЩɫĹ⻪ǹ̻Ѫ⼡֮УõѪ⼡̥ǵĸı䣬øӼͺͿ
Ԫǰ޵ڣӿº޵У
䣡
Ԫر֮УͻȻһڴ˹ĳطբһӴһ㣬Ȼۻҵһ㣬ӿ˳ȥȵٶתصʱѾΪӡԪʶǿԱԪʹõ
Ԫ˵֮ڣһ˵оһһ磡
ָоƮƮһ㣬ԼĸйʶʶܹǵĵطԽԽԶԽԽһǿԼ֮ɵҲڷĳɳ
һ
һ
Ԫھ֮ϣƿһеĸо˼鿴ΧһУֻоеһУ·÷СԶȻһɲǣȻսȭͷһ˲䣬һۻͱץסУ
ۻ룬ȣͺסһƬ󺣵һ㣡ָоƷ˾ʱȻͬ
Ԫڣһѷڰţ˻ţ̲Ŀ

Ʒˣ
ԪһƬ̺һ˿ľϲɫ
ǰһֱͻưƷ˵ļ󣬵ȴһֱٳûͻơû뵽ڷ֮鵤ҩڷ֮ڻͻˣ
ңʱ˿̣ԪоԼİƷ˾磬ѰİƷ˾綼Ȼͬ
֮ڣȻ۳һĳΡȻһûɣȴƣϣ
Ҫֻ֪ǿߣ㹻ǿ۳һԪֻƷˣȻ۳һΣһͻ˾Ʒˣض۳һʱֱСǿߣ
Ʒ˾磬ӵСȻ޷ͨɽ磬ӹŵһǵһصģ
Ԫ̲ŵѰƷ˵ǧ򱶣ǿ̶ȣǱǰѪʹҪǿϲ֪ٱ
ָоȻΪһƷһ㣡ѰĹƸãֻܹ֮ͨ˵Լ
Ԫ¶ľϲ顣˸󾫹⣬һոճľƷ޵һ㣡â޵У
׷ˣ
ʱһԪºХȻԪ֮ǰססԪĵ·عͷһɱĿԪ޾ŭ⣡
ǴҴ׷ɱİǿϣŭڣ˫Ŀ죬ȻһЩŭ
ԪϵĻѾˣϵŭȴȼյԽԽرǿԪǣŭԶƣ
սȭͷҧгݣﶼǺ⡣ǰһ˾Ȼ͵ˣôܣǰ˼еһа
ϡ
ԪͷҲϡ֪Ϊʲôʱϣ̬һӷ˱仯
ǰϵʱֻоۻ룬ɲ⡣һ۾ͿԿϵʵҷоƺҲûôǿ
ͻưƷ˾ı仯ɡǰ߲ʵȴ
ʵԪ͵˵ҩҲνԲԣɽ֮ˣûжԴ֮ˡֻӮ
ҪԼӶᣬԪôΪοⵤҩŵĵҩض󲿷ṩڡԼ˵ҩţñ̫ϳ϶ʱӳһЩСɺԼδĶӶȡһЩʱ䡣
ϣҲʲôࡣڵҩڲٵĵҩûҩƶɵġҲ϶ˡ
ҵ㵤ҩšһڷɽˣ㿴ô
Ԫ˹ȥҩŵֵô󣬿±Ҫ׷ˡԪ˷ʱϡ
ʲô
ԪĻϺһЦ
һڷɽ뻻ҵҩҩ뻻ҵҸ㣬ŶûУҲҪɱ㣬ʮ˴ɣйصˣҪɱɸɾ
ŭæ˸
ߣ
Ԫɫһ
ȻˣǾɣ
ԪҲú϶ѿˡȻ˲ʶôɴɱˣԪʵƺҲϣ


566 ԽŮ
ӰһȻԪ˹һΣʩչԾԼα֮ͨһָ
һһָʩչ̲ŭ⣬һһ˲䣬õ֮䶼ݵĸо
ԪƶһƬ֮УǺ𣬶һָĸо
Ԫȴվһ俴ϵһָ

һָԪǰԭһָǿޱȣɽԪģ
ȴû뵽ԪǰͻȻ۶һɫĽ磡ϵĻһָϣȻҡԪĽֺǿޱȵĹƣһӶ˻
̻
һĻɫһ䡣ԸоԪʵ֮֮ǰǿ࣡ԼĻһָȻҡֺ
ߣ
ԪŹһģȻԼԪҲˣ
䣡
Ԫһȥͬһ£Ȼϵͷ֮ϣ
ֻƽƽһƣȴ֮ܵһ㣬ӿ˳Ȼֵˣ
͵һ£ϷҽУȻֱŵ˹ȥͬһ㣬Դ˵
ԴĵطΪģԲ֮ڵĵ棬һӹƷһ㣬ţ˺þãƽѾһƬǽ壡
ԪȻͻưƷˣʵѾﵽһ˼ĵزǰϣֻܽ¼УڣѾĶˣ
˵Ʒ˵Ʒ˾磬ֻССһԪƷ˾絽Ʒ˾磬ȴʵһ󲽣
ؿʼƺ˺þãϲŴӵһԾվһͷ棡
û뵽û뵽
Ϻݺݵҧס
㾹Ȼͻ˰ƷˣһǷԭһҪɱ㣡
Ϻһֻʨӣ˫۳죬ٶȻԪ˹˽Լɵˣʵ֮죡Ժ󶼱ٳΪһǿˣ뵽ŭ죡
֣֮
ϴһһֻ֮ƾɣһԪץ£
ƣ
ԪֻһӣʱһХȻϵĵ֮ϣ
ԭǿα֮ͨԪһХȻһѿյһ촷ۣ˲ɢˣ
ܣܣƷ˲ǿʵܣǰ
ϴ˻ߣôҲ벻ԪȻµʵһССİƷˣһȻҲԸˣα֮ͨȥȴ˲Ԫַֺ
ڰУԪԾ϶ؿ֮ƶԱȣѾصôQҲвԼֺˣ
ûϵʵǿֻҪṳ̂磬Ҳһɱ㣡еǱºֶΣ
ϴʱһ˲⻪˸һɫʥ⻪Х˸߿Уֳµϣâɣһ˲õض
һڲߴ糤İɫСִķâ
һڰɫСһ֣һ˲䣬ʵǣֽԪѹƵĸоҲһϣյľɲһ
ԽŮ
һڰɫСԪһ
ûʶǵѩ֮еԽŮ˰ɣԽŮ֮У̲Ӱ˵㣬һǿҲֵˣ˶ֻ·һ
ԽŮѹ׵ľСȲѾʹΪɱ㣬һȥˣ
ҧɫһӵ
ԪһĿءԽŮȻ֪
ѩ֮УӰһŮͽԽŮԽŮԪӰĹԪӰнʱ
ӰͽӡС֮ڣԽŮҲͳΪԽŮʱһԽŮʩչ£ǿҲҪüַâ
ֻԽŮģԽŮԽŮôܻصϵԽŮ˵ڣİ
ԽŮǴѩ֮Ӷģ
Ԫüͷ
ûԽŮӰĽؼȫҵѩ򶷣زңȻŹᣬûѩ֮УɱԽŮõԽŮͽؼԣԽŮֻ·һ
ԽԽŮͺӵ֮һںԪĶ֮УռϷ硣
ǰԪ˲ȼŭ
ѩ֮е飬Ŀ췴ˮɵ˳ҹѩԭҲ֮һ̤ЬٴԼˣ
ԽŮĹǾԲܽؼ㽻ȥġ֮ǰضܵϵĥ衣


뵽Ԫȭͷսÿ졣ðѩˣĳˡÿһҪֻһϣԪһ˿ɱ֮ġڣһϣԪ㽫ǧҲΪ
СӣƾԵ컯ٴҲֻ·һԽŮ
ϴһʱһ̲޾âԽŮХƴ͸һʱռһ㣬ȻԪ˹ȥ
ԽŮķâϵԽƿԪһĶģ
ԹԽŮģһСǿߣԽŮˡοǰһ㲻ϵСأ
ӰĽнһǰ


567 ɱ
Ȼ˵ǰʵ죬Ȳ˵ûдﵽʵȻ̷ܹ֮ļƷ鵤Ʒɵ˵Ʒ˾ʱӵеʵֱͲѰܹġһˣֱ֮꣬ǵһ
ǰСӺεǿᣬεȱ̬Ҳֻ·һˡ
ԽŮԽŮ֮ڣԭʮӰĽųƽнȻ˵ԽŮֻƷǿߵĽӳ֣ʵ޷ǿͰԵ
˵ͨǿߣһǿߣҲδֵܹܵԽŮн
ԽŮһʹ֮󣬾ƺѾԤϵ˵ı
ԽŮһ֮ȻǿޱȣõԪΧеĿռ䶼ӡһƬ䣡
Ԫ㶯Ҳã
Ԫûȥһ˫۾סԽŮ
ԽŮǵѩ֮̲ӰĽԪܹװ׸оӰϢ
ԽŮԪҲԽԽԽԽԽԽ£ָоһͿֱӽԪնɱø䣬жһ˿һ㣡
ɾԽŮԪһ֮ԶʱȴһӶסˣ΢΢ţڴʲô
ԪԽŮҲ¶ް顣˺Ƕûһ㣬ȻȵĽ
ʲô
ԭΪһ̳ͿԽԪɫ˲佩ӲôҲû뵽ԽŮȻڰ·ס
Ҵ̰
ϴһָȻһ㡣ҪԦԽŮԪȥ
ԽŮһӱס˰һ㣬һˡʹȫµԽŮХȥԽŮ˿Ƕ
ɶ
ԽŮϵķûֹⷨؼʱ̾ȻԼĻˡ
ɱ
ϴĿţһ亹϶ͷϹû飡
ʹ޷ԽŮһ֣һǺһƨɣͨͨġ
ûõġԽŮͲĶȻ޷ԦԽŮ
ԪͻȻһʱԽŮ͵һתȻ˸ͷ
һĹ⻪׼ϣʱ򣬵תìͷȻԪһսӣ
ʲô
һֱָĺ䴫˹õɫ䣬˫һ飬˵ϡ
һУʵ̫ˡ쵽о˼飡ǰСӰƷ˾ӵǿʵѾϾòˡڣȻԽŮҲܹãɫѿޱȡо˿־塣ûԹһ׽ԴĶ֣
ԪûжԽŮȥɱϣΪԽŮʵ̫ˣɱЩϧ
ԪָסԽŮ΢΢ԽŮϢӰԼһԽŮڣһӰĽҲػӦԪںԪһ㡣
ӰĽ
Ԫ쳣ʹĸоĽڣȴ֪Ķȥˡ
Ȼ˵ԽŮϧԽŮȴӰĽӰĽôܻ˵ԼأӰһһԼԸԼҲԼ˷ֺİ
գ
ԪһһԽŮͽԪڡȻԪͷһĿϣɱ䣡
㣬㵽˭ȻƿԽŮ㣬ѩˣ
ʱ·ʲô
ûҾѩˡû뵽Ҳǵ깥ѩ֮һܺãһɱҲûаɱ
Ԫǰһ̤ʱ֮䣬޾ѹϿȥ̼䣬ͺһ㣬ǿۻϣõΧĵ涼ʼһҲǻսսҪ̲סϹȥһ㣡
㣬Ԫת
˺þãϷ·ʲôͻȻͫ͵
ûҾԪ𣡡
Ԫ˹
һ仰ͺһף϶ԴȻը죡õرĸоεã
û뵽˾ȻǵɽԪѹôǿᣡǰеһУ·Խ͵ͨˡҲֻеԪһ̬ŻʵҲֻԪܹԽŮԹ۷
ƺʲôȻתǰӶ
Ԫ𣬵ѩֻǳǹЩѡԪһ
ϰӳӰһԪȻ͸ȥ
һ˲֪ɱѩˣĥԽŮѩٷƣɱƽϢŭ⣡
Ԫ񿴵˵ѩ¾һĻôĵӣôףȴһһѪ֮У
ܵ裬ܵ˵ĥӰԼһɢһĻһһԪǰ֣һʹٶһ㣡
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һԶȥǰĹУһڿѪ˳
ǰʵڣȴԪһҲܲ


568 뿪
ϻѪһǰȥģԪȴû˿ͬ顣
ģһһϵǰһ£ϵϣ


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ϸоԼԼԪܷŹԼġ
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ԪĳϣҿԪعɽ磬һҪһĳϵģΪ£ҩҲһԸԪƵҩԪ𣡡

϶ţứӿ˳һ׷ľǳɲھôˡֻҪԪܹţʲôԸ⣡
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ԪȻӴ̤ȥ

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ѩҲڵ칬ԪһȥһѩǰܣʧȥģһҪȫֻ
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ҩţһƬǽ塣ԭñһƬصء
Ȼ˵ûб򣬵һطڱ˵ԶԶҪҪڱ֮µһЩСɡ
󲿷ֵĵҩǴⵤҩģرһЩڵһЩ̫ϳϣõĵҩڵҩŵĵ㡣
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Ȼм侭ǱĴн֣ȸջǽԪһͷˣҲԪи̫


570 ƷС
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571 ԽŮ
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Ļȸ̧ͷ˷ܵĹâ˸Ϲǳڴʱ˿̣Сȸ˵ʵ̫Ҫ̫ˣ
ȸ˷ȵ飬¶һ˿ЦȻóһöɫĵҩ
Ǻ쵤ȷ°ɡ

һ·ӣԪ˶һƫƧСǡһССĳǳأųǡų֮ڣϢǸصˡ
ԪʵԼֻӵƷ˵ʵȺ֮С
һƷˣЩҡ֮УһٸſһԪΪעĶ
ʵƷˡҲʡȥһЩͼҪӲӵԼ鷳
ڹųһȦԪҵһĺջֱȡöԪȻ˿ջһϷ
ջԪţܿ˴ϣĿ
һκȸĿ⣬һССʤȸı֮ì£Ҳ˲Сˡ
ڻ£һʹңúĻպΪо޴𺦡
ԪȡʮöɹȫӽڴڷܿɹתΪŨԪ
ԪһĬĬһҲڻŵʱȸս龰ĬĬȡž顣
ȸν֣ػɽΨһǿߵ濹⡣ĬĬսľ顣
ȸͨȷʵǿ󣬵ȴϹԪţֻҪԼﵽ˾Ʒ˾磬ӵԸȸӦòʲô⡣
ҪͻƾƷ˿ɲס
ƷˣƷˣǽҩţĻԪ»֪Ҫòܹͻơ
ӰƷˣƷˣһͻƣӵѡ鵤ҩĿҲǿң
ֵҵǣھСɺԼĺӳʱ䡣ʱ
ԪĺջҹŽáȡ飬Ԫ
һʱȥˡԪ˴ԪټǰӵҩӶģȻΪɽһĴ󸻺ˡ
Ԫʶ񸲸ǣҲûзȸ׷
Ԫ˿
ܹɽ磬ķ׷ɱ֮£ڣѾǺܲ׵ˡһУʥƵ쵤
ʥ쵤֮ǧ֮⣬ܹݳԼڵķλʱҪץסԼֱ׾١ڣǴһܽľ룬ҪԼڵ죡
ԪҲϢˣվ߳˿ջ
Ԫĺջ֮ڣÿô鵤̣Ӧܹһ֮ͻƾƷ˾硣
ȵͻƾƷ˾ʣʱ򣬻ԵˣȹӦòʲô顣
ΪһͻȻͬɾǿ߳Ļ̫ηˡ
Ԫ߳ĺջڹųҪһϢɽĶ
ûжϴĻɽѾвƲԼ˰ɣ


573 ү
Ԫڹų֮ŹųǵķһţﲻԪš
ڵĵطннĵطٲ˸Ϣ˶ֵĵطǴϢȥ
ԪֻΧĶȻһԪĶ˷ﲻ
˵ûУڵҩű˰
ʲôҩſǱڵ֮ذƷɵôᱻٵ
˵칬ġڱڶŭˣ˵ڱڳԺ֮ڵЩ̫ϳ϶ˣ
칬ҲԽԽˡڿųԺģȻҲһ칬Ҫ군ˣ
ɲһǺεԪˣҲһɵˣ칬Ȼűڷѣȫ׼ԺɽҪһˣ
ɽҪˣЩɢʱһҪվöӲУ죬ǾȥͶɣ
˵ʲôȻǿ󣬵ǱҲοжģϷ⼸ɾǿߣɲʡ͵ĵƣҪһ˶ɽ磬ʱɾǿȺ֮ħҲ죡
˵Ҳԡ쵽Ҳһռū˽ǵ걳ԪҲнգˣ³ضú

һԪĶԪ¶Ц⡣ʵĽҲ²⵽һЩ
ڱڲûж֪ԼԪתԼֵҩţڹϣ죬ȸ˶׷׽ȥȻὫЩ鶼ɵͷȥΪ򣬸ûʲôôӸðڡҲûôʵ
ҲԲὫԼѵҪ߱ԪˣԪ˵ҩŵĵҩ
ǾԲϢй¶ȥġ˵Խ֪Ԫطɽ磬Խ֪ɽ磬ͶԽǵ飬鱩¶Ȼɾǿ߷׷׳Ȼ˵ԪʱɡϧҪԪĿڡĿĻ顣
Ͳֱ飬ͱĴǳ׽ˡû׼ڶΪԼء
Ҳãñ칷ҧҲԼȡһЩʱ;бţҲ޷ȫԸԼ
Ԫһ˲١ڹųǽֵ֮ţǰһƬֵ¶̨ӣɵȥ
һ޴¶䳡䳡룬һ͵̨ӣ̨Χ飬ڷʯΣʯ֮ϣԸصˡ
Щ˴඼ƷƷ˵ʵƷﶼǺˣҪ˵ǾƷˣһƷ˳Ѿǳưһǿ߸ˡϾڹųһСطӵеǿ߲Ǻܶࡣ
ԪüͷƺһᣬҲûкܹ淶Щûϵ˶࣬Ԫô̽һЩϢ
ÿ죬̽һϢ֪һΧɽûʲô䶯Ͱһֱͻ磡
ԪʵֻƷ˾磬Ⱥ֮вۡߵ˱һ̨ϣһϵλȥ
̨۷׷ףеڽĵãеǰŽסԪȻ۾ʶӿ˵̸֪һߴɽϢһҲ˽һһųǡ
ʱһһţûʽܿʱʱ͹ȥˡ
Ԫû˿ͷڷڵ˵ûж
ԪʱͻȻһ֮ضһɲǼ
գ
գ
߰ƥͬʱ̤һһı̤õƺƴǿõò˲ˣ
ԭǹų֮У߷ɣǽֹġû뵽Ȼ˼ԦֲٶȱӹŰ裡
߰ƥûгֵʱǿ磬Ѿųܱ߲ٵĽ״ݻˣɳʯһƬѣЩʵ΢ˣǾ޴Ŀ֮£Ȼһӱɨ˳ȥһЩһƷˣӦһӾѪˣ
ɳ裬Űе˶̲סתסԼ壬׷׽Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ʱɳգסһһɰƥ˶ǣľ޴ɫӾͳǰ
ƽһɫתӿһֺ󣬾ʹ̵۾ָˣ˵ĸоӲӵĹ⻪ʾߵϣ־µƣ
֮⣬վŰ˸󵶵ĺˣһһͷҲҳȻ֮ڵ˺ؾηЩ˶ǰƷ˵ʵ
Ȼű˿һһ۵˳һֺĿһɨֱ䲻мȻֶ񷣬ڳ˶벻ķһ㣡
ǹųǴӼСү
ȺбϾʶˣæ˳
Ӽǹųǵһɼ壬ѹô󣡴ӼССɢ޿ǲ𣡡
ԣǲ𣬿㣡
һ˶ͷ˵һ仰ǰΪСүֱײ룬ƷȥǣҲֻܹһһͷίֻܹԼȥˣ
ڹųǣӼǻʵۣû˸ҺʹӼ˵һ֡Ϊ˵֣ҪĴۣǿɾ
Ȼ˵ⶫģ඼ڶĻʹÿһǳأԼļЩһеСʵۣ


574 С
Ԫɫƽţû˿ı仯ʲôųǴӼ壬ûһϵֻųǵ͵жѡȥЩųǵС塣
ү߸վ˰УûʱһӰһȻԪһ̨ǰ
λһƬطүˣÿ
һ˹
ʲô
ӵĻ̨ʱһһƬ۷׷
طİ
ą̇̄ĵطӽˣƾʲôҪøһ˰
飡õĺãǴүһǾƷˣûưҪǲÿɱ㣡

Ȼ˵һһﶼŲү֮£ȴûһ˸˵һ֡
ϾӼǹųǵһ壬ڹųǻû˸Ҵүһһվ׷˳ȥóλɽоעҪǿ۸
ԪҲûʲôˬ෴ǵһÿλˡүһ֣ԪûзˣֵԪ
Ԫ˹Թó˵·үϵĵɫŨˡƳԶԪһ㣬ƳԪһȺһۣǲм䳰
ȻүӰһȻмλվŰ˸ӣһռһƬط
ԴӴү֮һӶҲҳһ䡣
ԼĪʮӣڿʼˡһƷˡûʲôϻóһöǵ
ǵҲǼ侫ɵˣһãԸ˵Ľ˵Īô
һֺȻ˺үһֺ󣬾ûκ˸һˡ
ҼģүһĿ˹ȥвһϱ۾
үŴӼų֮УûһƷˣϸүȻֱӾͱү˺ѳһ飡
ҲǴһ֮󣬼˿ŴүǱߵġѹûһ˸Ҷү˵һ֣ڴүеĶ˭Һ˭˶ûС߳ųǶ˵
һóһıүͻһ֣һļ۸񺰼ۡ
ʱ򣬾ҪܹõóǮȴҲҲˡΪү߰˸Ŀͻ̹ȥ
飬ֻҪ߸ҼӼۣǾͻ֮һ㣡
үѹסûһ˶ǸŭԡˣҲһơȻǾƷˣ´үǱľ߲ҺۣҲܱű˺۰
һıõļǮǴүôõ˶Һۡһӣõܶණͼۣүһ
Ԫƽڡһﲻ
Щ飬ûаĹϵүôԵţҲȥܡȵͻ뿪صԼķȥҸҪǣЩ˵͵ҩŵļƷ鵤ȣԼƵİɹҲȲˡ벻Ԫķۣ
Ԫ۾ȥЩ飬Ҫ붨ͻȻ䣬ƺܵʲôϢԪȻ۾
һϤϢǰ˹Ԫȥȴ̨֮ϣһסСŮ
һСŮŴֲ²壬Ű˾ģͷϳֻɫĽǣȻͷһСȴ侫£
һֺ󣬾һԶžϢɢ
Ȼһֻ飿
һڿ̨ϳһվһһɴ۾˼飡
û뵽һ֮ϣȻһֻ飡ǴүҲǵɴ۾һ˿Ϳϲ֮ɫ
Դʥر¾֮о鲻ˣȫץȥˣû뵽ﾹȻһֻ
ǰӵɾѪͳõ˫޶¯Ҫܹһֻ˫ޣôʵضͻͽһöƷɵҲȲϣ
ֻһ̫СˣҲûϵСҲͬ˫޶¯

ʱһһ˹Ŀǰ˾СŮϣŷռк̰
һ˾С飬ʵ̫ˡ
ڴǰɽ磬ҪܹõһֻūΪ˫޶¯ʵҲܹƷˡҪǵõһС飬ʹΪٽһ
Ԫȭͷɵսˣŭ˸š
ʥؾ꾫ԪѩĹϵãʥŮӰԽơ
˵Ԫѡû뵽֮󣬾Ȼ˽ū
Ԫ޷̵ܺģ
һ˾С飬ԪһҪȳ˵ǾѪˣ
Ҫǣһ˾С飬Ǳ˫޶¯Ϊûг꣬ʱ䣬Сͻή
ЩǰˣһǸ̰˽֮С䵽ǵԲ룡
ԪԲСˡǰһֱ֣һΣȴòˡ
ǾѪĺôö˵˫λ˵ʵ˵ܹѰŮܸܡھͿʼģ
ʮԪΪ׼ۣ
ƺѹǳľŮҲԵá˵ʮԪĵ׼ۡҪ֪ǰһЩԴ֮ģߵҲԪ


575
ʮԪ
ôһһ˵һӰ
ųǵֻһСǳأܹóʮԪģûмȻ˶С顣ȴûһܹõóʮԪĸ߼
һһɫ
ʮԪô࣬˭ܹõó
ǰҵҲòôԪ

һһ۵˹ֻܿСˮˡ׿̨ϣǴүһ
ʮԪ
ү˹Ȼ󳰷ؿΧһۡ
ʮԪڴү˵ҲһʲСĿʮԪһֻ飬ȴҲǼֵúͻˡ
Ҫ֪ɽ磬Ҫһֻ˲֪١ܹõԵˣȴûм
үȴõһԵ
үıۣ˶̾һųǣҲֻдүܹĴֱˡСҪүռˡ
С飬ֿ˿үģҪСŮ䵽˴үбɫ˭֪ʲôµľ
ҾܹóȴүǮƳ֮¡˭ָҺʹүаأˡ
ʮԪ
ɾʱһƴ˹
ʲô
˶סһ£ΪԼĴΪ벻Ȼ˸Һʹү
ȻˢˢһĿѭ˹ȥȴһͨͨɫƽ
û뵽ȻܹóʮԪҺʹүа壡һ˶ԪޱȺ
һǰ˵ĵ͵һȴû뵽ȻܹóôǮ
үҲ˲ɫ࣬һĿԪ˹絶ҪԪ̴һ㣡
ʶԪɨԪֻһƷ˺
һССƷ˾ȻҺôүԣֱǻˣ
ʮԪ
үɫ˱䣬³һ֡ԭʮöԪܹµĶȻҪʮԪܹ򵽣
һ۵ƷˣүǺǸܵģ
һֺ󣬴үĿԪвһ㡣
СӣҪǲʶ̧٣ٸҺҾɱ㣡
һԪĶүմвԪˣ
ʮԪ
ʼգԪȴҲûпүһֻۣƽƽʮԪֲŲ˳
ʮ
һĿٴξ۽Ԫϡ
ʮöԪһʾ޴ĿԪʱԴү䲻ģõһ
ر֪ԪֻƷ˵ʱ
һССƷˣȴںһƷ˽а壬ʲôǣ
ڳٸ߽ˣЩԲλǰүͱ˵֮£ûһ˸ҿڣһƷȴվ˳
˿ɾ
ֻǸˣԪȴĵǣ
Ȼ˵ŲƷˣһڹųǵĵ̺ʹүǿӲԣʵ̫ˣ
ǰүֶҲû˵ʹүԣȫˣ
ߣûʵȴǿѾүŰģˣ
ͲӦĳȨӵܰɣϧնҪͷˣ

Χ۷׷ףԪȴûһ㡣ֻĬĬؿ̨
һֻСʼյͷĬĬؿŵذ塣һĹ¶һ㡣Ȼı飬Ԫ֪ʱһǺįġ
һϵԪŭرлмȻǴ͸󣬽׶ģԪҪɱ˲С˵ĳ嶯


һĥ͹ѵ˹Ǵүŭڷڡųǣû˸ҺԼԹ
үȻҪһӡʮԪүҲò
֣ҵţ
ү޺޵ÿԪһۡȻȲһʱ֮ȵɢˣԼҵҪûС飬һҪ˸ʹĴۣȻԼүϣ
ܿˡ֣ȻҲûϵĳʮԪĸ߼ۣһϲЦտȻСԪ˹
ϲϲСλѵˡԪأ
Це
Ȼһ֡
ԪһӣһԪ̨϶ѻ޴ޱȵɽӨ˸һǰδеŨɢһõ˶ֳȪ֮еĸо
һĿɴˣž㵺Ͳ˼顣˸ǳͣ˸Ⱥ̰
֮о󲿷˻ôõʱ䣬ȴûмôԪأ
ʮöԪ
һӶòĲƸ
ʱһĿԪϣӾ˲˼ˣֱɲ⣡ϾܹóʮöԪˣһӶֻܹ޷ӽ
ãããѹȻˬСˣˣ
Цöϲ£ˡæʮöԪ˹ȥȻһƷˣʮöԪ˵Ҳһ޴ޱȵĿ
ʰеԪ󣬸˿ĶתԼķȻһӺХȥˣ
ƺ֪﷢ʲôȻǾƷˣǲԭڡοʮöԪѾˣŲ˷ʱأ


576 һ
ˣҲˡȴûһ뿪˶׷ɢ˿ȥվԶĬĬšˣǻһЩ鲢ûн
һĿԪϣȻǴͬ顣Ȼ˵ԪղŵıȷʵǿᣬȻҹȻԹųǵһүʳʱˡ
ԪɫƽΧһУӶһ㡣ֱǾСŮ˹ȥ
Ԫ˾СŮǰ˾СŮһֱͷܵԪˣ̧ͷһ˿ҵɫæ˼
Ԫ˿⾫СŮŵȭͷסȻɿСŮĶͷ
ԣ¡Ҳ˺㡣Ǿѡ
Ԫ˹
СԪԻŽ䱸ʼղȥԪš
ԪסС֡
Ԫ𣬵;ʥŮҪáӦ˵ҡ
ԪմСĶ
㣿
СһԪһ˿ϲĪɫȻ˵Ԫ֡
ҡڣˡˣ˶𣿡
Ԫѯʵ
ʥŮˣ˶ץ˹ȥֻһ˳
Сü˸˵ֵʱԴź⡣ԪҲ⣬ϾһǾ岻ĳˣ
Ȼ˵С鿴ֻа˾ģǾһԪܳӦҲˡ
ԪСţʱѾү˸Χס
һĿ˹һڿ·ҪԪСп
оЩ˲ƵĿ⣬Сһ㵽Ԫ
һƷˣڼϰ˸ƷˣһǿµݣųǶûܹүˣСЩ̿֡ɲ뵽Щ˵У
ܡһССƷˣôǴүĶ֣
ǡƷ˾ӦüβôţŪŹأ

ῴ̨һһ˹۷׷ףȻԪǳ
һƷˣȻС飬ȴûܣͷ·һǿǿСҲҪˣ
Сӣְ
ԪΧסǾƷ˴ү˹һţһ߾ӡԭΪԪߡȴû뵽ȻһԪͷŴ̹ǵĺ⡣һûڹųǼֻƷ˵ʵҲֻһĸҹӡˣúݺݽѵһʣѩܹ֮࣬һЩḻǮƹҲһ
˲վﲻ߸ãӷǶԸԪ
үԪǰ俴һ־Ӹµζ촽ƺôԪİ취
Ա߰˸ҲһԪΧһһĿ䣬ɱǰƷ˵ʵԸһССƷˣʵǲҪ̫ˣ
°ɡȻͷǧȻٽǧүүڴҿȥҾͿһ
ү˹
ϻ˵ҪֵĻͿ㡣Ҹʱ䡣
Ԫڻعͷүֻ˹ȻүҪǿٱ
һ˶ˣǴүҲ˲ɫһ䣡⻹ǵһ˸ڹųط˵أ˵ʱ̬Ȼǿᣬѵֲڵ
ϣӻûҪģ
үһһ˲֮䣬˸ƷȻһֱӾԪ˹Ѿ׼ˣԴү´չ˹
˸ƷˣȻһһһӿ֮ϣ
ֻô֣˲ÿһֶֻ̲ѹȣһץûκζܹ赲һ㣡
飬Ӱ˸򣬽ԪΧסһӴڷ˼ԪΧĿռһȻ˲˼ٱҲŷ˹ѣࣣһƷӾȥ
˸ʱԪȴɫûκα仯ֻ̧˽ţȻ󻺻£
ɾԪһµʱͻȻ䣬ŵװΪģһ֮ԶӰ˸Ƕȣ˿ڷ
˿ڷɢǰδеķâһƬأХϣһ˲䣬õռ䶼
ԭôַץµİ˸ˣΪһ֮£ҪסԪ׾ٵģϾǿǰ˸Ʒˣ
ȴû뵽һ侹ȻͻȻˣ
һǰХַâõ񶼱ˣƲǵһ㣡
˸ˣ˲ɫ䣬ʶҪæȥ
ǵٶȣȵԪ
˺
˸Ѫ˺ѵͬһʱ쳹Ȼ˸Ʒ˵̾ͱи˿ЯŴݿķâпǵͺпһ鶹һ㣡ף
һ˫˫۾صɴ¶ľͿ־壬Ȼ弫ȳƵһΪͨ׷׵˵ϣ
˸ˣʮʬ壬ټصѪһ˲䣬ⷢһУ˶ǵɴ۾һһľĪ
ôҲû뵽ڣҪ̼ͽԪɵİ˸ƷǿߣȻ׾ٵˣ
Ҹһϣ֣̿ǶԼױɱһ㣡
ٶȣʵôһƷܹӵеģ


577 
𾪣ȫһ𾪡˶ǵɴ۾һУͷ˲˼顣
ԭԪֻһƷˡһƷˣŴүŰλƷˣֻ·һģ
ԭǿԵһΧɱȻһƷ˸ɻˣת˲֮䣬ֱӸɵ˸Ʒˣ
һĿ⿴ԪŵĴģЩԼǲ۾ˡ
һƷ˶ԸһƷˣ˵ѾһּˡοԪһλһֱӸɵ˰˸ƷˣһǼֵһУƵᣡ
㾪˰죬˲ŷӦԪиǴŲ˼顣
һֱΪԪǿˣڿһƷ˵ʵɲİ
үıһֱǽӲġǾƷˣҲǼʶ㣬ȴûпһƷ˿ֱӸɵλƷ˵
Ƭ̺סȭͷŭȼţ
ųǣӼĵ̡һʶôˣȻɱԼ°λƷˣֱӼͷʺˣ
ӲһĻӼԺôųǻȥүҲ޷ų֮ˣ


үսȭͷµһƬĦȻһĿԪ˹ȥ
Ŀ絶ȼŵĻ棬ܹɱˣԪѾ˼ʮˣ
Сӹ֣ȻɵµİλƷˣãھʶʶҴү
ү˻֮
ӱӿ
İ
ɽХ
үŭӿ˶ԵϰԵأһͱӿ۶ɵǴӱӿһǿԵȭƣ
ȭƱ뺷ޱȣһԻһпռʱ䣬ѹ£ЯŴӱӿƣһȭͿԽԪ򱬣Ǽгһ
һдӱӿ֮󣬽žǾİХγһһǿˣ׵ĸ߶ȣһ£ѹӳ֣õܸ˲ǿٱ
һһĹƣǰ֮󣬽žһɽХֱӴӵ汬һҲݵһУǰɱ֮˷ʤһ
һүȻû˿СԪһ֣ǿľУȭϣݽһһǿ£мܲס
Ŵү춯صĹƣɫһ䣬æ׷׵˶
үĹƣʵǿµЩˣǵŰ磬ĴЩƷƷ˵ϣõѪӿ屬ƵĸоοǴмһССƷأ
Ȼ˵Ԫղһо͸ɵ˰λƷˣǵװƷ֮䣬;Ʒˣž޴ĺ蹵
Ĳ˵ʹүݺύĹƣǰǰλƷ˹Ƶٱϣ
һĿⶼԪ
ֻһССƷˣڴүǿâĹ£Ӧóܲס˰ɣ
ǣϵǣվ˷˼Ԫȴû˿仯һƽĮ
ȻԪὫǰһ̧
ڴʱһǰһ֮Զ˲仯һźƶ䣡
Ԫǰ
ʱԴүǿṥƽȻԪһ֮ϣ
һӣǿĹʧޣƾһ㣬ȻԪһ£һ˲ʧޣүǿṥƣ׻ˣ
ԪͷĿؿǴү
үʱϵѾӲסˣ
ղŵʽѾѹ׵ľˡȴû뵽ǿṥƷѹ£Ȼ˲Ԫַֺ
ԭ°ԵĹƣȻת˲䶼ƣ
үʱŸоԪĿһĿԪԪʵȻһ㵿ֻŵ쳹
㲻Ʒˣ㣬ǾƷ˾磡㡭
ү·γһ㡣ؿסԪһ֮ŷ֣Ԫʵûǰô򵥡
һССƷˣӵǿʵΨһĿܣһԵĸ֣ȻԼʵ
ܹԼʵԼֵģҲһƷˣʵҪԶԶ֮Լǿ󣡶үȻһԼҪǿľƷˣ
ʱүĻһĿԪϡһʶɨ
Ȼһһ˾֮̾Ȼ˵ڻǿⲻԪʵȴѾоԪֻһССƷˡ
ʵǿӦڹų֮ϡȻһԻĺݽɫ
˿ԪһˣӾη͹Ƕﲻ𣬺οǰء
ԪԱߣ۵С̧ͷԪź棬Ҳϲ
С£ǰھʱ򣬾ǰ˵ԪӢ˵áû뵽ڼˣȻˣ
סԪ֣һҵһ㡣ΪܹоʱԪһԱסܵκ˺
ߣξǴүҷһһأԲˣ
үԪһ䣬Ȼ͵תͶ·ˣ
үȻŰ裬ҲǼʹĺ֡Ȼ򲻹Ԫôھֻܹˡ
ȻǶܺùûҪǿöࡣνɽڲûգ
ȵԼͻ磬һСӣúñһ½յĳˣ
үתӴܶٶȿþͷ·һ硣


578 
үʶԪʵǿ£Ȼ֪ʱ˿̣ܵĻ;ûлˡ
ԪôܷŹүأ
ŴүǱӴܶԪǸһ˿ЦȻһ̤˵ϣ
Ԫһ̤˵ϣһһХ˳ŵһ·˹ȥ
һɱȻĺ⣬õү¶ĸо·׹һ㣡
һɲǣ嶼ˣ
Ҫɱң
ү֪һɱǿҪȴˣ屻ˣµҲһǿɱ
ۣ
һֱӴѴ͸һĨʺѪȻûǰĴ֮Уʧˣ
ⱼ֮еĴү͵һɴ۾һ㵺ͲʡȻͨһӹ˵ϣ
㣬㾹ȻɱңˣҲӲųǵģӼе˶Ը㣡㣬Ҳˣ
үƬ֮֫һ鴤һغˣ
үľ䣬Ԫȴûһ㡣תȥСµ֡
ԪһĿ⿴˹ΧЩΧ۵˷׷״һսϹȥǿɲҺһµǿԣ
ԪûйЩǼƽϣӰһХ뿪˹ųǡ
ڹųôһ֣飬ҪڹųǸܵ顣
Ԫ뿪ųǣҪѰһƧĵطСһССĴӼ壬ԪȻ
ԪڵǵģĶĿɽһз紵ݶͻõ
ȵԪ뿪˲̧ͷһһ˿ظ
ǰԪɫȺ֮ʱһΪֻһѰѰͨͨƷˡȴû뵽Ȼ˲¶࣡
ҺǰûеҪǹųǶûܹܵס
˵Ŀַ׷үϡүŰ裬ˣҲǶж񱨡ֻϾǴӼĵطүˣӼضŭ
ǸϽ뿪ĺáνһ²һ¡˭Ҳ鷳˭Ҳ뱻޹ǣܿΧͳ׿յˡ

ԪСһ·ɱ˰ľ룬һƧСɭڡ
Ԫ磬˲һӾͽЩ˴ˣ
һƬݵϺ̧ͷԪһҹȴβסյϣ峺ﾡǳݵ顣
ڣԺûܹ۸㡣Ұ⿪ϵ
ԪͷһЩסһʹ˵Щͬǯ˵Щ󣬽״ȥı䷨Ԫʩҧгݡ
һСŮȴ͸ôܶ
Ԫŷŭһһָ۶ɣϵ˹ȥ
Ǳ۾üԵЩ¡
ոոգ
ԪиȿʼǷޱȡܿͽЩڵиˣ
Щ͸ķûôˡ
Ԫץסһ󴩹ıĬĬת͵һ
һӴѪ룬һѪɫףԪæָһ㣬ֹסӿѪ
ԭΪ»ޣȴû뵽վǶֻǽ촽ҧƿҲûпһ䣡
ģԪ͸ۡһСŮʹûʲôġȴܹס˵ǰʹ
ԪҲԥ£ֱӽϴ͸ķȡ˳Ȼû˵һѾӿ˳ʪ
ԪҲ˲ðοˡٲֹѪƣ¶֮ݡ
Ԫһץסµӿ󴵷µ塣ȡʮöɹµһɹԪӿµľ񴵷ţÿһ˵
¾׽һԪİɹȥܿǰɹҩҺҲתΪµļ
ԪͰɹͬʱ֮£һϸϸĺ飬ϹͷֻСǸԵ£

ԪС½ϵ⿪ֶ֮µ塣
ȻǾС飬ǻ꣬ʵûгɳϢûбǿȵˣʵͻͽĳɳпܴﵽɾ磡
ľʥŮһɾǿߡ
ѯһС֮Ԫ֪һЩ顣ԭԪͳ֮µѾ췭ظ켸ݻһкԪõ
ԪսȭͷԵЩ
ѩ֮еӣټˣһҪϡζҪֻ
ƫƧ֮ûʲô׷»ָƺԪͱ۾ĬĬ
Ȼȳ£ȴû׼ҪʱߡԪ뽫͵һȫĵطС
ڣ˪Ԫĵط
ԪѰ˼ŵʱѾſԪ˯˹ȥǾµϳδİ
Ӿʥӳ֮һ·ʧ˵ǳԱ˿ͷ·ϣ˼˵ĻѾˡԪΪԪܹŻ̤ʵġ
Ԫ̾һḧµȻҲ۾ĬĬ


579 ʥŮ
Ԫ˻Ƨɽ֮УšԪĻСһĳ
ʱһһĹȥشµ㷢¶һžµССͣѾɫɲͣպǳˣһķľˡ
Ԫš˶طҵ˾£Ҫȥ˪֮ǲС
Ƚ½˪ȻԼȥ֮ѰԼѪ
֮УһƬƬҶƮ䣬ܿʱȥˡʱ䣬ϵҲָòˡԪҲ׼Ѱ˪ˡ
ɾʱһǿļͻȻǰõԪһҪӦһɣСһӱһɷˣ
˭
Ԫڵվŭâ˸š
һɷһεֱӽ˸߿֮УƮȻһźůķСסõС»ڳ˯֮У֪Χʲô顣
ԪһУɫءȻķ
ǴүѾԼɱˣѵĻвĹų֮ҪԼ鷳
ԪĴѰ֮ʱǰĿռͻȻһáԱߵĿһӾͱ˺ѿһһ㣬Ȼһһɫѵĸ߹Ů˳
ֱ̤գԪǰ
ļƮƮ˵ʡһ󼲷ХţΧУַ籩Ůĸо޾ķ籩Ű֮£õԪݣֻǴǷ϶żһЩѾǰ㶯ģ
ֻһ˫ӣؿԪ϶£ȴɱŭ⣡
߹ԸУ䣬ޣ񱩣һŮӴԪĸо
ȻǴʵ
һŮӵʵʱԪһϾƷԼǰƲ⡣ǰһŮӾԲǴӼˣӼ岻дǿߡ
ȻӶҶʥŮѩˣôĵӣ
Ůһ˹һԪͺԪһףԪ䶼ˡ
һĻԪüͷ
СԪ˵иĹ˽һŮӺĵһģһ
С±Ů÷УŮָû˺µ˼֮УԷóŮӾĹ˽㡣
ԼΪԼҪ²ԲŻԼŭֻԪû뵽ǣ¿˵Ĺ˽㣬ȻǶʥŮǿߣ
Щ鵹ֻһᣬǿԽ͵ġϾԪɲﶫʥŮһҲһǿߵĶͷ
ѣᡣǰС±˵ūҾͽ¡ûҪɶ¯˼
Ԫ˱֡
ߣ
ԪһͨⶫʥŮǼȴһ˿ţ
ʮԪһƷˣ㲻Ҫңֻǻơ㻹ûжص飬˶ϰɣ
ʥŮ߸ϡ˹Ǵһʼ϶Ԫͼ죬ԸûȡԪȻҪԪԼһϡ
Ȼ˵ⶫʥŮǴǿߣְ̬Ԫǲˬ
Ȼ㲻˵ģҲ޻˵Ҫɱңûôף
ŮˣȻø߹Ưȴһ᲻ˡȻǸɴ뿪˵ֽŮˣԽǺԽҪŭ
ߣ
ʥŮɫһȻ޳ָɼھдʣȻһĿǰ
ǰԪǰšţţͻȻǰʮ֮Զһɿµ쫷ͻȻӶ
һ쫷磬ļͻȻȴҲǿ£ͺһɽѹԪǰһ㣬ȻֱӾͽԪ׷˳ȥ
ʥŮǴǿߣһµ֮֮ͨͨһʩչټϴǿߵĿССԪֵˣ
ԪֻоǰһεľܿƵɳȥԭҪֵϣתɢˣ
ԪӦȴҲǼ죬쫷˳һһתһ쫷磬ӣ
ʱһǿ쫷ֱӴͷХ˹ȥǿ磬ҪϣҪͷĳɷ飡
ţ
һĻʥŮ΢΢һƬ̺ǸǸЦԪղŶһУЩ졣ϸһͷԪʵȻڰƷ˾磡
һССİƷˣȻ֪ʵϧҷѩ۰ƷͻƷǿĳ
ѩɫһͻȻ䣬ָһ̧һ
ʱԪվĵطΧĵХ
ĵ۳֮ӣͬһƶֱӾͽԪ˫˫ŸסȻ͵һֱӾͽԪ˸߿У߸߿
ԪʹҪ֮޵Ŀơô֮ȴǿӲޱȣԪôҲѲˣ
֮衱ǶһּǿͨԵһǾⶫʥŮ֮תܴ
ⶫʥŮʵ֮ȸҪǿ֪ٱȸСԪԿһ£һʥŮԪȴû˰İ취
ʱ򣬱ʥŮôһץֱӾͱסˣһǿߣսһƷˣҪʵ׾٣ȫѴ֮һ㣡


580 ʮ
򵥵ļͨͽԪ׿סˡⶫʥŮ϶ؿԪϴŵЦ߸ϡ
ʥŮſң
Ԫû뵽ԼڶʥŮ˵ⶫʥŮ᲻˵ⶫʥŮĹϵԪ͸оԼСΣգ
Ϊɾ֮󣬾£ĵͶʥŮļǩԼһͶʥŮס
Ҳ˵ʥŮδޣŮˣôܷŹԼ
ſ㣿
ʥŮһߡȻڰһץһһɼ۶ɣȻγһ֮ޣ
һ֮γɺֻһɹɼţϻۣγ˳һɣڱӵԿһƬһƬķУ۴αȵĳ֣
֮޳ֺϾʹһ̶Х֮˶䶼ʹѵ
ƽľ۸ŮˡƫƫȻµ⡣һСͬŮľҲŹһԵ
ʥŮǱޱȡ
˵ֻΪ˾㡭
ԪҪ˵ʱ򣬶ʥŮһзķ֮Ѿɨ
ž
һ쳹ʥŮһ֮ɨ£Ԫ֮ϣһӾԪһѪı޺ۣ
һɻʹҲ˹Ԫ̧ͷ˶ʥŮŭⷭţ
⻹ôһŮ˸ҴԼһʥŮԼǼסˣԪס˶ʥŮƺҪסʱ˿̶ʥŮʥŮ߸ϵ̬
ߣƢͦӲҾͿӲʲôʱ򣿡
Ԫ飬ⶫʥŮ·Ȥз֮޻žһԪϣ
ֻһ´Ԫȴû˷ӦֻؿŶʥŮ
飬ȴõöʥŮӲˬҪԪӾˣȴû뵽Ȼ֪ʥŮ˺ݺĥ˼
ʥŮ㣬Ҫ
ڴʱһŷ֮дһ
ʥŮ͵ʱ»ڳ˯УȻһůʵķڣ¾Ȼڲѹ
ѹ󣬷ԪͶʥŮȻ˴򶷣æż˳ҲϳһŮӾԼĹ˽㣡
£ˣ
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£㲻Ҫ¡в㣬һָͷͿɱҲҪƭˡϺܶ˾Ĳġ
ʥŮɱ䡣
ǵġʥŮ㡣ҪңͲὫϵ⿪ˡҽ㣬ĲǻˡЩ죬˵ġ
СһżˡԪʥŮˣᶼӿ˳
䵽˶ĵʱǶʥŮֻǺȴ°ˡԪ
һǾˣʥŮһԼľˣõѣС¿ɲ뿴ôҪɱ
½ż飬Ԫ֮ǰı֣ʥŮ˹һһ߿еķ֮һи
ͨ
Ԫ˵ϣˤñף
磡
æƿ˷ѣԪһŹСòԪҵ˾ϣڣȴû뵽ΪԼԵʣԪôĿͷ
û¡Ԫҧվȷʵûܴܺˣֻϵڻǻʹ
£ҪͶʥŮ˵ҵݡδ֮
ԪմСšⶫʥŮǺĺ⣬ͼԪܹöʥŮ֪ԼݡҪ֪δޣʮа˾վһߵģ
Ҳ˵ġʥŮǺˡ
·ԪԪϵı޺ۣ۲ѡæ־ȥá
´ʱģʥŮüͷӡУСǺİû뵽Ȼһİôá
˵ûк¡ûУԺ󲻻ᣬ֪֪治֪ġɽˣ˵ġʥŮվţԪԾɳŻ̬ȡ
ȻһᣬǾˡ£㵽
ʥŮС顣
һضĳȥ̫Σգʺ㡣ˣǸʲôˣʲô֣
ʥŮԪ
硣
Сæ
ǰɣáղŶе֮ԭ£ʮöԪǸ
ʥŮһӣʱһԪͺХԪǰѻһ߸ߵɽһŨɢ
ʮöԪɲһСĿرǶһССľƷˡ
ʮöԪ֮ǰѵʮǻʣʮԪ
ŰԼӣȻ͵õʮöԪҲһ仮ˡʥŮԪʩ̬ϡ
Ԫ
ʱԪȴվ俴˶ʥŮǶʥŮΪģʥŮʱϵıҲԪܣ
ʲô
ʥŮһû뵽Ȼ˾ܾʮԪʮԪҲЩġȴ˾ܾ
ʮöԪѾˡ̰ĻôһöҲõ
ʥŮɱ䡣ûвԪˣΨһԭΪԷʮöԪĿ̫١
ֻҪöʥŮٶóǮ飬ʥŮҲɡòΪϲ˺ּۻۡ


581 ˪Ϣ
ԪµǿжҪʥŮûһֵܹסʮöԪջڶʥŮȻʶΪԪҪּۻˡ
ԪⶫʥŮһøжûУرѪİ̺ۣʹԪⶫʥŮסˡ
Ԫսȭͷ˫۳죬ȼһŻ棬סǰ߸߶ѻԪ
α֮ͨ죡
һ쳹ڵһ£һʮԪѻɵɽһȼƬ̵Ĺ򣬾ͳ׻˻ҽ
һĻļ֮죬öʥŮûзӦùȵٿȥʱʮöԪѾ׷ճΪ˻ҽ
ʥŮԭ߸ϵ̬һסˣԪ¶죡
ʮöԪҲһСĿǶʥŮ˵Ҳ˵оеġû뵽ǰһӾյˣ
£͸ŮˡʥŮӣһֻ
Ԫ俴ⶫʥŮһۣת뿪һ仰Ҳû˵
ʥŮվ˸߿УԪȥıӰԪղŵһһЩ
оԼ񿴴һ㡣һССİƷˣӵϣ
ԼղĲӦɡҲνƷ˺ʹ֮Уľ롣
ѲһССİƷˣպ׷ԼʵɣҲһʱǿѡ
ʥŮһܿҡҡͷ
£߰ɡ
ʥŮСµ֡

ٴοһԪȥķҧҧŶʥŮһ뿪ˡ
ȻСЩĵ룬Ҳ֪ɽĺܶ顣Ȼ֪ʥŮǸˣȴ߶ʥŮԪݡΪ֪Խ֪Ԫ飬ԪԽΣա
ŶʥŮһԱ֤ԼİȫҲǸҪģŶʥŮиĻᡣ

ʱԪϵı޺۲ųʧֲˬĸоԪ
һŮ˴˵ܴ衣ԪҲ̡ܹͬ
ֻⶫʥŮʵ֮ʵǿ̫ࡣԪŭ⣬ȴҲֻܹѹ
ֻзͻƵһЩ档
ⶫʥŮ֪ԼʵݣĹϵԼҪץǰȥˡ
ԪǰȥҪڶѰ˪ȥ֮ҵԼѪ
ѪһʥܹصԪߣʹԪʵǿ˪Ҳ֪ããĵĸطԪֻܹһǰ֮ǣһһѰ˪ˡ
Ȼе֮УԼݲҪġ
ԪһƷ˵ڶţݣڶļձ飬ֲڱ˵ӣԪߡ
ųǵ飬תۼһµʱȥˡ
Ԫڲϴ˪Ϣڣһºһõһ˿
ԪǴһ˪ϢģʱԪ·ߡԼ֮䣬׵Ů
˵ûĿɽһ׵Ů񡣡
׵Ů񣿾һ׵Ů𣿡
Ҳʲô塣ĿɽһЩڵѡĿɽݺݵıؾ֮أݺݵ˼֮ࡣĿɽȴǷɺСһ˹ȥͻܷɵأô֪жɥĿɽͳһ׵Ůרű·˹ȥȡһЩã
Ŷԭˡô׵Ůʵһɣ
׵ŮʵȷʵȴƺֻƷ˵ľ磡ܶƷ˶׵Ůһͷ޴ɺף֮죬򲻹Ҳѳȥ֮˶׵Ůӣ

ԪЩۡȻһЩ˿˵׵Ů˭ˡ
ͨ׵֮һӵɺף˪˭Ԫ΢΢һЦĿɽ˹ȥ
Դֿ֮ʱԪ͸˲ٵԪ˪˪׵֮ԪҲܴͬùԪŻôһ취ɡ
ڣȡѣҲһư취
ҲԴ֮ˣ⵹ЩԪϡӵʵҲӦ˲٣
ԪӱڵҩŴ˲ٵļƷ鵤в̲׵ӵġø˪ʵΪ֮ϣһ
Ԫٶȼӿ˲٣һ·ĿɽķĿɽݺʮɭããĿɽҪҵһ˿ɲס
˪һרŵĽǢ֮ءĿɽڴϳ¡
ǹˣҪĿɽֻҪϳ׼һǧöԪΪ;Ϳˡ
Ԧɺ׷ԾĿɽҲֻҪʱʱ䣬ʱ׬ȡһǧöԪȻȲԪҲսˡ
Ԫһ·ӣܿ˶ϳ¡ڶϳ֮ϣȴһˡһӣվ˶ϳ֮ϣɫصȴšǰѻ˴ԪӦþǸ˪׼õġ
Ȼţ˪ӦúְܿɡԪɴԶˡֻǿ˿ǰӣֿ˿ΧĻƺʲôԪüͷ
ⰫӲƷ˵ʵΧȴʮһƷˣڰĿţɢź⣡
ģ˪ʮһƷˣһӪ˪Ʒ˵ʵӦþԶԸˡ
ԪǷһ˿Ц⡣˪׬ǮĿɽķɵȻ˪֮ǡһӦǾۼ˲Ҫסǲ·׵Ůɡ


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ʮһƷˣǿӪȺǾ׼һġ
ԪԶؿŵţЩҪ˪֣ȻӦˣҲ뿴˪ô
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ǡʶģϽҹȥʬȫޣ

༸źϸϸԪȻԪֻƷ˾ʵԪǵĸоȴۻƺµ˲

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Ԫ˳ϺѹȡȻǰһ̤һ˲䣬һǿѹΪģܿѹȥ
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ȻֱӾ׹ȥ



ЩƷɴȴ赲ԪղһƵĹ֮£Ѿϳʵںһûκ𣬴ôߵĵط׹ȥֻ·һ
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ˣ˪ѾƷˡҸһЩ㹻ͻưƷ˾鵤׵鵤
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Щ׵֮˪תϾ˶ԵϰԵǵâתɵâ弡ÿһÿһë֮С¶һůĸо
һö׵鵤̲޾׵֮ڷ񷭹ıѪ⣡


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ԪһԿš˰ʱ˪ۣһ˫о˸Ȼվµɫâ˸ţõ˸Ե־µĸо
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˪׵֮ͻȻȳ˼򵥡ﻹһЩƷ鵤㶼ùȥȡͻƾƷ˾磬ȹ٣ͻ磬һ֮
Ԫֱȡһ˪Ԫ͵Ľ֮һļƷ鵤
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Ҫ¡ֻҵʦƴӴС
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Ԫ˪ദʱԽãԽǻ˻˪

Ԫһ·֮ǸȥҺǰļ䣬ԵҲûеܳʱ䡣һֱߵĵ·
죬Ԫ䶨һƬɳĮ֮Сɳ죬һϵĳǳ˺嫵ɳĮ֮С
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ڹϵĳ֮ǰˡЩɽĸط䣬Ÿָķδ磬ʽķ顣еֻһƷƷĵͽˣеȴﵽС磬ɽĶǿߡ
֮⣬һֲѣ󵶵վÿһɫ䣬罣
Щ˶ǾƷ˵ʵ֮ǵػʿ
֮Уסǿߣѹǿߵѹõκ˹ؾأûκһ˸Ρ
߽֮ǣԪԽԼΪƷ˵ľ֮ǲۡ˽ȥ֮󣬱һͦ
ģһʯļа֮ߣŸֽƣ飬֮ǳ˾ǵĵ̡ɭϣû֮ǵǲܽеġ
ԪѪӦþǱס˾ǵ˾¥֮С
Ԫûȥ˾¥ѡһ۵ķ֮ڡķϢģֻжһȴͥ壬㣬һ˶û롣
Ԫ֪⽣ķ֮סһ𿰱˾ǵʦҲԪѡ޸Ķ
ԪƿĸƾɹϵĴţҳ׷ȻԪǰһ׷ԲԵߣŲϵϣŵһڹӵذףһһزš


585 
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ţϲһڹӵذסƺֻһͨͨǾʦĲúһӿ˽ȥ֮ϣϲ
Ԫ롣
һʦģںܾԶʱʹ֮ǡԪһμʱһϵģһμԾ˵Ĳϡ
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нģҲнաһΪտΪտΪֻھƷ˾磬֮ϵ裬ȴûܹ
ˣߴط˰ɡ
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Ԫͣ˽֮⣬ŹƫִһǰҲӵ粻Ը
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ڷеذף̧ͷһ˫Ԫϣǻǵ۾Ѿ²ɣһƾ⣬ȴһëȻĸо·һ˫ǰûκζܹ۾һеһУ޴У
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˾¥֮ĵطӦҪ˾ǰæԼʥѪȻΪаɡԼһıóѵġ


586 
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ңҲԾҲȥġΪӳϹŷӡϹûܹ⿪챾ˡ
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Ԫվ߳ƫƧӣ֮ǵһջ˹ȥ

ڶ졣ԪӿջֱӾŽĸ˹ȥ裬Ϳ뿪ˡ
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Ԫһɽڷšⱼ֮Уʵܹڲϳɳ
һɾͷԪͬâڱȵԪӵʵǰӦþͲǱˡ
ԪӵٶȺܿ죬ܿ졣вˣĴ󻤷ʵǿԪڵʵҪԸڵ죡οɽ磬ԪĳУһǿߣ
㱼һһҹԪ䵽һɫɭ֮⡣һƬɭ֣ɭɷħݺᣬһ˼ĸоһ֮󣬾ȫ޵ĸоûиоκϢ
ԪʶһɨܹøܵһƬɫɭ֮гŵĺɫ޾ĸ־綾
һɫɭ֣ɭ֡
ڶɭ֣ڶĻһδ˵
˵жһλͨϹž綾ɾǿߣͶϹž綾һƬɭ֡Ϲž綾ʮϹ֮һϹž綾Ķɭּ£ɾǿҲ׽롣
һλɾǿߵȴƫƫаһλɾǰͨϹŽⶾΪԼϹŽⶾϹž綾ǿٱ
һλͨϹŽⶾɾǰͽ˺ɫɭ֮УȥǾͨϹž綾ǰнλɾǿߣϹԿ⣬ǺɫɭֹϵĹ¡
Ѿǧǰˣλɾǿںɫɭ֮֮󣬾չɱǧ굽죬û߳ɫɭһû˿Ѷܶ˶˵ɱ֮Уͬھˡ
ϹϹž綾ϹŽⶾҲɢλɾǿһʧһƬɫɭ֮УҲûг֡
ǧǰǿߣ׷ǰɫɭ֮УҪѰϹž綾ϹŽⶾϹ
ǧ˽ȥУȴûпһ˳
һƬɫɭ֣ͺһħһ㡣κǿ߽УȴģͳΪһƬءҲûκһ˸ҽȥСΪɫɭ֮Уζ
ڣһƬããĺɫɭ֮⣬ںɫɭ֮УɱݺĺڰɷԪһȴ˼뷨
׷٣ɫɭ֮жһ㡣ӵлԵԵõϹŽⶾϹž綾ϹҲһ
Ԫ˸ţ룬ӰһֱǰһƬɫɭб˹ȥ
ʵڳܲɫɭеĶôԪ
Ԫһ˺ɫɭ֮ڣϾ͸оһĺڰɷ˶Щڰɷͺ˽ŵһ㣬Ԫڡǧ飬룬һӷ˺ҧԪܿõԪ¶Եĸо
ԵĸоԽԽǿңԽԽǿңȻʶһԣϾҪԵȥһ㣡
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Ԫ֪Ƕãɫһ䣬͵һҧͷһɸ֮ζɢõԪһӾ˲٣
תתţγһɫεĻ罫ԪСԵֵһЩ֣
ȻԪһһɫɭ˹ȥ
Ԫźɫɭ֮˹ȥɫɭ֮еĶȴԽԽأԽԽ¡ľвٵĺɫ͸ԪĻ磬Ԫ֮С
ԪתŽȥⶾȴԽԽԽ߹ȥǲӿĶԽŨԵƬ̣ԪϾͿʼһƬڣ¶ĸоֶֿ£Ԫںһһ͸ԪǣԪ𽥵ʧȥ֮Ԫְ취ȴҲ޷ⶾ
ɫɭֹȻ¡ҲŲǰһǧ׵ľ룬Ѿ޷ǰˡԽⶾԽѹôǿ߽֮󣬾޷ٳˡ
ԪԭҪɫɭ֮жһ£ȴû뵽ɫɭ֮еĶ˿¡Ҳ޷ɫɭ֮о
Ԫֻһһ˻ȥٶȥ裬Ҳֻ·һˡ
ף
ţԪƺʲôüͷһ塣ĿϽһɫľ֮¿˹ȥ
Ǻɫľ֮£һɫҶɢŵ㾧ӨĹƬССҶӣʾʢ
ҶݵΧһɫʥ⻪ҶݰΧסȻõǶ޷


592 ּʥŮ
ԪüͷɫҶݵĹŹ֮˹ȥһץ
ҶһԪϾͱһҺ壬Ԫ֮С
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Ԫ󾪣ҪȳȥɫҶѾһɱҺ壬ԪĻ£ʼԪÿһ缡ͬ绯һ㣬룬ԪӦ
Ƭ֮ԪµĶȻȥˣȡ֮ģǻľ
⣿
ԪһΪɫҶݾȻнⶾĹܡɫҶݻԼԭڵĶȻɾˣ
ϧǣɫҶֻܹƳԪڣȵɫҶԪںľ֮Ƕֲӿˡ
Ǵ͵Ľ֮ءЩӦöǴɢġɫҶݾǵⶾݡܹռ㹻ɫҶݣͿԽһо綾
Ԫ˫˸šɫҶݷ֮󣬿һʱ綾ֻ֡Ҫ㹻ɫҶݣɫɭ֮Ӧòκ⡣
Ԫţźɫɭ֮˹ȥһΣʼѰɫҶݵټ
һ
һ
׵ľ룬ԽⶾԽʱԪѾһƬˣһƬԣ񶯵áɫҶȻнⶾĹܣȴ޷ά̫õʱ䡣ԽȥǶԽŨɫҶݾʧȥҩ
ʱԪȴַһɫҶݵڡԾɱһɫĹ⻪֮УԵüʥ߹ھԪԼԶĵط
Ԫæ˹ȥһΣûֱӽɫҶݸȡǴӻｫ˳
һö鱻Ԫ֮תžӨĹʵط⾫Ԫס飬һһһҺɫҶ֮ϣ
ɫҶӵнⶾĹܣһ֮󣬿õԪһʱЩֺԪӵ㹻ɫҶݣȻþɫɭ֮еĶˡ
ɫҶݼѵã˵ҪѰңһ׵顣Ҳɫɭ֮еȴûмܹںɫɭ֮дôá
ЩԪ˵ȴʲô⡣ΪԪӵ顣
龫ޱȣһҺɫҶ֮ϣʹɫҶݽ
һԪͿӵ㹻ɫҶݣɫɭ֮棬Ȼ׾ٵˡ
Ԫɫ¶Ц⡣ҺɫҶ֮Ϻ󣬺ܿɫҶݾͿʼسѿϵĿһöһöɫӡȻɫҶݿʼݻƣ
ԪЩɫץ֮˵ϡȻ飬֮ڵҺȥ
ЩҺ֮£һЩɫӾͿʼһӾγһɫҶݣɢžӨʥĹ⻪
ԪץסһɫҶݣȥһӣһµϢɢԪĻ£õԪ˶һ־ĸо˶ů
ǰɫɭֵĶȾԪʼˡڷһҶݣԪ;
Ԫٴοɫɭ֡ԭݺᣬɷɪĺɫɭ֣ʱҲƺôˡ
ԪӵôɫҶݣ͵ӵɫɭ֮ߵĳ롣ɾǿ߻Ầ±ڰȾԪȴ˿¡
Ԫźɫɭ˹ȥ
ôɫҶɴͼźɫɭ߹ȥܹҵõʲôϹž綾ϹŽⶾҲһ
ҸҪǣԪԽɫɭȥͻԽİȫϾɫɭ֮УɾǿҲġû㹻ɫҶݣȻ޷׽ɫɭ
Ԫһ߽ȥһţһѰŴ͵λɾǿϢԪôѰҲѰ
ǶҲԽԽ¡ԪʱزɫҶݵĻԪѾ˲һǧһˣ
һһҹԪ˺ɫɭֵʱҲЩˣɴϢ
ɫɭ֮Уκ׷ԼúҲǼõ顣
ԪżʮɫҶݣһӨĹ⻪סõЩڶ޷ַֺ

ɫɭ֣һƬžûκż䣬һɷľ綾˶Ϣһַɭĸо
ѾǺɫɭֵˣûʲôܹһĽɿݵڣֻԪһ˾ĬĬţ
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ԭеڶ˹ĵطȴͻȻ䱼ӶһӰˢһ֮ϣӰ˳һŮ˵Ӱ
߹ɣվƮƮͤͤǾվȻЩϤ
ף
һɫ߹ŮԪϣ΢΢һȻûϵɫɭ֮УȻбһɫ߹ŮӾԪǰĶʥŮ
ɫɭԪõöʥŮԵúǾ
Ҫ֪һǿߣҩӳǿʹԼɫɭֵھȻҲɫɭ֮У
һ˾ȻǰԼ϶İƷˣСµ磡

ʥŮû뵽Ʒˡһ˫Ԫɨţɻ
ɫҶݿ˵Ǽɫɭ֮Уûж١ʥŮұɫɭ֣Ҳûҵ
ȴû뵽һİƷͷȻôࡣ
ʥŮӰһһӾͳԪǰϢõԪȻһץֱӱԪǰЩɫҶݣ
ԪԭھţûиоʥŮ֡ȵ۾ʱͻȻǰһХǰɫҶݾȻȫӶһˣ
Ԫڵһվ۾ŭæ˸šرϳʱǰǶʥŮ֮ʱŭʤˣ
ʥŮ
ԪҧԪһʥŮǰøжûУǴԼ£Ԫڻǵ
û뵽ھȻɫɭˣһ棬ͽԼϵɫҶȫӶȥˣ
ۺ죡Ԫס˶ʥŮͷŻȼգ
ȻжʮɫҶݡںɫɭ֮ҵôࡣЩɫҶôģ
ʥŮһȺɫҶݾΪУ˹
ôġθɡʥŮѵͲ¶˶ĵ𣿡
Ԫսȭͷ
߹ĶʥŮԪԼһ취ûСʵȻ֮ڴǰ˾޴ǶԸӵϹĶʥŮȴȫûаա
ⶫʥŮɫҶݣҲֻԪĿڶʥŮϴʥŮҲͬܵ˶Ӱ죬ʵǿټĵҩȻֵڣûɫҶݵİΪҲǲ֧̫õʱģ
ôЩɫҶݣȻйϵɫɭ֣ҪѰϹȴƫƫɫɭİ취ôܲ㣡
˵ɡѡµѣҶʥŮԸƽ͵ĺú̸̸
ʥŮǸ߸ϵĿԪҲʢˡ
Ԫֻǿû˵
ⶫʥŮӦò֪ԼʵݣɫҶݱ֡鶼סˣ
ⶫʥŮδޣ֪ԼĶͷԪұ֤ⶫʥŮᶯԼɱ֡
һ˶ʥŮʵһΣԪɫޱȡﾫ˸ţ˼ŶԸİ취


593 ʶ
ԪԽ飬ԽõⶫʥŮﻳɡһ˫ϴԪҪԪ⿴һ͸һ㡣
֪ˡͷضпӵдɫҶݵİ취һҸղʶһɨֻһЩҶݵӡôɫҶݣ㾹ȻûҪɼЩɫҶݲûкӡԡ
뵽ʲôʥŮһ˫Ԫ͸¶ž⡣
㵽˭
ʥŮȻǰһ̤ѹ˹ֻǰһ޾ѹõԪâڱõĸо
Ҳ˵Ԫûм˵Ʒ˾ĵȼӵǿʵѾˡһ˲򵥡
Ԫûлش𣬶ʥŮԾƲšɫɭ֣ʥŮٴΡ֪ɫҶݵҪҲ֪ɫҶݼϡ١ǰһƷˣǾԲɫɭҵôɫҶݵģ
ɫҶȴûгɹȴô࡭Īͷӵ飬Ԫ𣿡
ʥŮ˼Ƭ̺һжѿڶ
ԪǰһֱѰŰ취ȹһΣȴû뵽û취֮ǰⶫʥŮȻ²Լݣ


ԪǶĦ
ʥŮģͬһĿ˹ԪܵⶫʥŮʵ֪ԼȥҲûпˣɴǰһ
ûҾԪҲδ޵У
Ѿ˺ɫɭ֣û뵽Ǳ˸ҵˡȻ㲻ȥǸɴӭˡ˾һƣԼеģκҪõʯ٣
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ʱ򣬶ʥŮȴЦ
û뵽㾹ȻԪ𡣲ģ֮ĶԹûйϵҲ顣ΪҲΪá飬ɫҶݣҪѰϹҾһ
ʥŮԪ

Ԫﾫ˸šʥŮǼ£ڻ۵ءҪ³ɼһԼŮ˺ԪЩˬ
Ǵʱ˿̣ȴƺûиõѡ
ʥŮһ˫һֱڿԪԪɫءƬ̺ڿˡ
ҿԸṩɫҶݡҲһѰϹǵõϹ֮ұ빲ͬá
ԪԼҪڶ˵ĺܲʥŮȻ˵Լ֮ĶԹǵδޣ˭֪վıߡ
ңɽ֮˵ĻûмġԼȻһл˵ĺҪԼ˭֪᲻ɱԼȻ顣ԪһҪⶫʥŮҲҪ취ⶫʥŮ˦ˡ
á
ʥŮͷӦˡ
ȻһɫҶݡɫҶݿкͺɫɭֵĶԽɫҶݵľԽ󡣼ȻˣȻ󡣡
ԪҲⶫʥŮˣʱȡ飬㽫һһŵҶӷǰĵϣȡ飬ҺЩɫҶݵϡ
ʥŮȤؿһУӸ߸ߵİԪǰ
һʥĹ⻪⻪֮УƯһһɫҶݡЩɫҶһֵĶͻաõöʥŮûܵκζ˺
ʥŮ˵Ԫӵ飬Ƿ֮еû뵽ĹþȻôأ
һҺȥ֮󣬹ȻһööɫҶݵӺܿͿʼѿģһۼð˳ϵ֦Ҷï𽥿ήһööɫҶ˳
ԪֿʼɫҶӽҺȥõɫҶݿʼѿ
ʱʱ䣬ԪһɫҶݡ
ԪַʮʥŮԼʮ꣬һʮɫҶݾƯΧγһɫĽ磬õЩ޷֡һжͻᱻɫҶݸһɸɾ
Ԫ֪ʼգʥŮһԿšҲûκεΪһǿǰζز˵ġ
飬һܺ棬Կ
Ԫ⾧Ө͸Сӵݸ˶ʥŮ
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ʥŮȻ鼫Ҳ֪ԪĶ״ȴû뵽ԪȻ
ɽ磬ɾǿķ
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ʥŮҲһץ˹ȥķǰȻúùĦĻᡣ
һֺһ󾫴ĸо˹õöʥŮּĸо˶紵һ㣬ˬ
һö龹ȻԴһֲʵ̫ˡ飬˵ԼʵĵʵҲһ޴ķԾҪҵжá
ʥŮ˸Źâɽ磬ԴҲǼϡȱرһЩ쳣ԴҪѡ飬ҲҪж١飬õʵõ
ϲ飬ԣܹܲġ
Ԫ΢΢һЦ
鶯˼˲֪ж٣һһݵĪܡȻҪռ飬ȴκһ˶ռеġ
ǳվԼһߵġԼˣҲûκһܹġԼҲ᳹Ϣֻɽȴûжһ


594 ʳ
ӲľģҲᶯֺġ
ʥŮ΢΢һЦ黹Ԫ
ûռ֮ģֻ֪Ҫ뽫׹ԼУɲô򵥡
˲֪ж٣вٵɾǿ߶ڴע⡣ֻǴ磬δܹһ鷳
Ԫ飬Ҳ˵ԸԪ׹½磬ɼĹԼɱԪһа취Ҳ޷ġ
һķԼʶġǿаռеķѡһķʽ
»صԪԪ΢΢һЦһԼڡ
ȻԶ
߰ɡɫɭܹ߱飬Ҳ֪Ǵ͵ʤûСܾˣû׼ļһˡ
Ԫ
Ϲʮ֣ÿһֶǿޱȡϹиϹŷӡϹž綾ϹŽⶾЩϹܹӶʵĪôģرǴﵽ֮ӵԽϹԸͬצԪ͸ʤ㣡
á
ʥŮҲǿǰɫɭ˲ٴΣÿһζΪ綾֣޷ɫɭġԪԱߣǰһ⡣
ʥŮһǰӶȥԪҲϸ
ɫɭ֣ݺᣬûʲô档ԪͶʥŮɭ֮дţֻһɫɷ˶Щɫɷޱȣһ˹һޱɭɪĸо
ԪͶʥŮһһǰţ˷ѰŴ͵µټںɫɭ֮УģҲһЩ򶷵ĺۼЩ򶷺ۼһЩȻǴ͵ģеӡ֮һ˰֮ĵ£ɼʱĿ³̶ȡֵЩ򶷺ۼõԪͶʥŮ΢΢Щ
˺
ԪͶʥŮһ·ǰѰΪɫɭ棬˶ûôעΣաͻȻ䣬ǰһ֦˹ֱӹ˶ʥŮ
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ʥŮҲһǿߣΣңһһ֮ն£̾ͽһɫ֦˺ѿȻӰһعͷ
ʱһɫʳȻҡԪ˹
ɫ֦ͺ˵һ㣬ƣ飬Ƴһž޴磡

Ԫһһ£նɫ֦֮ϣյһ˹Ԫһն£Ȼûнɫ֦ƿ
һӴ˷ʮ֦ƶ£ȻͽԪУһ޴Ĳ뽫ԪݺУ
Щ֦֮ϣһźɫͣﾹȻɭȻɫŴ˿ЦԪ˺ҧЩ֦ÿһǷӲޱȣ̲Ŀʵ
ʳǿᣬԪʵѲˡ
Ҫҳְæ𣿡
ʥŮһ֦ϣ߸ϵĿԪ
ԪȻһһסЩÿһǿͳ̶ȶƷԵӲСǿҲδܹѳȥ
һӱסˣôҲѲȥһɹɶҲɢԻԪ
ԪǺЩʳķ֮£˿ȫĹҪˣȻ޵ʳĹƣȻҲûа취
ԪȴûǶʥŮһʥŮҪԼĻͳˡҪԼڣⲻҪԼͷԪûеͷȵϰߣرһŮˣ
ҧһ߳ʳķսһŰ취ʳԽԽһ̾ҪԪһ̲Ѫˮһ㣡ԪɫǺ죬ޱ
ƣ
Ԫ͵һҧתڷХڣԽԽۻ룬ԽԽǿͻȻſ˿ڣ˲
䣡
һƵ촫˹ԭԪ˺ҧʳȻ䳹ױƣһԪʹѳ
Ȼû뵽һССİƷˣȻܹԼʳ˾ŭ
ȻһɲǣԪȻһץʱһֻӴޱȵ񴸳УŽʳĲư֮ʱԪһչ˹ƣ
ԪӴ񴸣һˣѹ£
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ԪĿ¹ƣɫʳʹధ趯ҪѳȥԪ񴸵ĿܣȴѲˣ
ȻԪ񴸷ѹһӾӴޱȵĺɫʳ֮ϣһ㣬޾ѹ˲
һ¡쳹Ԫ񴸵ķѹ֮£ɫʳȻѿһӻ촷ۣ׷ױѶǺɫɫҺ壬Ĵɽֱ
䣡
Ԫ񴸽ʳɱΪ촷ۺʳڵĵҳһ޴ƶɫɭֶһƬ𶯣
ԶŵĶʥŮɫҲһ䡣ʳʵܹܵû뵽ԪȻʳɱˣ
Σյʱ򣬾ȻԼ֡˵ģԼԸҲмƣ
ʥŮֵֹĿԪһۣתǰ˹ȥԪҲϸ
ɫɭ֮Уû֮еһ˳ԼССĻ׾ͻΣ֮У
Ԫס˶ʥŮĽŲʥŮǴʵʵӦӦɫɭ֮д󲿷ֵΣˡ
ԪͶʥŮһ·ǰСӡ


595 
ΪŴɫҶݵļӳ֣ԪͶʥŮȫ޾ɫɭж֡
˷ţһ·Ҳ˲ٵʳӣȴһһնɱˣ
һҹ˺ɫɭֵľͷʱһߵƽسԪͶʥŮǰ
ˢ
ӰȺһ߸ߵϣǰһǧ޾ƽءƽؿûκľŰźڰɭɷƽص룬һһʯͷϣ泯ű
һѾȥ绯һ㣬Χݲһɷһɭĸо
ԪͶʥŮüͷɫɭ֮Уûκ̡ȴôһĺӡ
һӾһеʱͿռ䶼Ѿֹһ㣬͸¶ŹŹֹ졣
һӦþǾͨϹž綾Ϊ˴͵֮⣬κɫɭֵ
ߣ
ʥŮһȾһӺХ˹ȥԪҲϣ
һǰһӵǰֻвʮ׵ľ룬ʱϸȥӵģòͳ׳ǰ
۽һƬڣԵüܣģϲˡͺһսĺ̿һ㡣ûκε١
ԪͶʥŮʶһӵϣʼɨϸϸɨһ֮ȴӻ¶ѾûκȻѾȥʱˣ
˾ǾͨϹž綾Ĵ϶Ϲž綾ľᣡ
ʥŮɫһϲ־ץ˹ȥҪϹž綾ľѹγ
ǶʥŮһ飬ȴûзϹž綾ڡӻ¸ûκηԴ
Ԫüͷ
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ԪҲΧܱ߿ʼѰһһ磬ûзŹһطԪƺʲô˹ȥ
Ϊڴʯͷ棬ƺЩŹ֡
Ԫʶɨ˹ȥУضŻغ
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ʱһɫӰһԪضסԪӴɷӰɭȻצţ˻ţԪ˵ͺ
ԪҲתͷĿһɫӰϡǽ
һɫӰһͷĽŹޣ˺ɫĴëһֻһ㣡һ˫۾ͬôСɢɭȻĺ⣡
˸оµģɫ޵ֵһƬɫ
ɫޱȣһӿԲ֮ڣҲ˲丯ʴ
Ԫֱϱһ˿ڣֻǺɫڷţܿԪֱۣˣȻû˰оֱ۶ѾԼһ㣡
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ԪתɫҶǰȥɫҶһЩ̫ž綾˲ڻήˣ
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̫ž綾ÿһ缡һ缡ͱ·𳹵׺Ԫʧȥһеϵ
ȥʱԪҪ̫ž綾׸ʴһغˣصľ綾Ԫûп
̫ž綾һںҲκεʹȴռ˵һһλһλͻ᳹׷ϵ
Ԫûõġ޷ֹ̫ž綾ӡǱⵤȷⵤһЩʱ䡣
̫ŶޣʥŮɫҲޱȡӻȡһöɫĵҩӸԪ
ⵤǶʥŮ֮еһּƷҩһ֮󣬿ʹûµѪõ⣬׼תٶȡһ̫ž綾ҲͬԵõ޶ȵĶƣ
ݲԪԥˡһ̫ž綾ӵͷԣʶᱻԡ̫Ŷɱˣ
ԪⵤһڷȥȻһһɱϢ˲ԪжĲλȥ֮˲⡣
Ԫһֱۣͬһ嶼һӱûκεϢת̫ž綾Ҳסˣ
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Ԫ˵ǧ֮ĵطŶʥŮ̫Ŷ޵ķüͷ
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ԪϹŶҪɫɭֶѡʥŮˣ̫Ŷ޿϶ὫĿͶϣʱԪҲֻ·һɫɭ֮УԪֻкͶʥŮһܹĿܣ
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أ
û뵽ȻʥŮɱΧ̫ŶȻǳ׷ŭˡȻͬһźڰɷһ˹
ʥŮٶҲԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ԪԱߵʱһץֱӽԪ
ԪñⵤһӡסˣͲ㣬ҪǱ̫Ŷ׷ˣֻ·һ
ⶫʥŮģһˡ
ۿֵˣ̫Ŷ󷢿׷ţٶȴԶԶȲ⾫ͨͨĶʥŮʥŮһ֮ٶȿ󡣲Ƭ֮Ĺ򣬾ͽ̫Ŷ޸׵˦
̫Ŷʵ̫ǿˡһϹŶ˶ûֵܹܵסӦþǶϹž綾ƶɵġɼղǸӣǴ
ʥŮһǰţһߵЩ¡Ҳǵݺһˣ̫Ŷȴǵһθо¡ǰ̫Ŷ޵ļν֣ö֮ڣһϹŶֻ·һһ³Ԫ޷ϹŶʥŮҲͬˣ
ѾǵӦҲ⸽ǹһʱҲòϹž綾ȴҵϹŽⶾ
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ϹŽⶾһеİ취Ҳһ


597 
˷֮İԪͶʥŮһ·ɱӳ̫Ŷ޵׷١
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ʥŮͷһԪղԪֵĻҪ̫Ŷ޸ˡ
ʱԪİ嶼Ѿ׶ˣޱȣǶĻվվȡ
ϹŶȷʵǿǿᣬǶɫҶݾȻҲȲˡʥŮıⵤʧȥҩĻҪϹŶˣ
Ԫɫѿ
ӦþǸղһӡѾҵˣӦþڸҵ󣬻һоȡ
ԪһĿܿ˹ȥϹž綾µĶûм˿ԽҪϹž綾ֻϹŽⶾĿǰϹŽⶾȻܹʩչͨĶʥŮԪ˵Ǳġ
ԪţѰŵ䡣ʥŮȻûжоΪȻҲڷѰ
Ǳߣ
ƺʲôʥŮһһӾʹԪǰӶȥٶȿþͷ·һ㣡
Լʮ֮Զһͺͺĺɽͳǰںɽ֮ϣһɽڴмλãۣ
ɽΧƺһЩƣôķ紵Ѿưˡȴװʾɽ֮˾ס
ɽĶˣһƬ߲ʯͷϣϲԾĴ֡
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ʥŮԦŷ֮һ·裬ܿ䵽ɽǰ档ԪͶʥŮȺ˲ûмŽȥʶӿ鿴
ȷûΣ֮˻һۣȺ˽ȥ
ԪԵñȶʥŮӼһЩ˶ʥŮǰ棬ʶӿѰ
һɽƧªûκε赲ͻء߽Ҳûܵ˿ĹΣա
һ·˳˳ܿɽ档
һ俪Ŀռ䣬ݺʮףм䣬һ޴Ůˣ˿յ֮ϣ
һϸߴŮˣԼ׸ߣŸ߸ߵķ٣һŮ˵İ࣬һɫۣӼªϻһʾԡ
ԪͶʥŮһŮǰ󣬾͸оһѹȸСǿ߶ߵѹȣһǿѾһˣ
һߴŮ˵ǰһԲεʯ̨ʯ̨ǰ棬һнɫС֣飬Ѿһҳ
ԪͶʥŮʶһŮ˵ϣɨҪ鿴һŮ˵ĵϸ
һһһ顭
ԪͶʥŮһŮˡ´һ飬ȴôҲûзŮ˵ĹŹ֮
ѾûκεҲûκεĶ̬꣬ԼԲȥһ㡣
һŮ˵ݣԪͶʥŮûκε顣ֻû뵽˺ⵤҲˡ
ʹ֮䵽׷ʲôʱѾȥôãԪͶʥŮ޷֪
ԪͶʥŮ˵֮䷢ʲôҲҪԪͶʥŮҪ֪ľǴⶾʹ綾䡣ʧϹһе֮أ
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ʥŮ˸΢΢Щŭ
ΪϹŽⶾϹž綾ʥŮǰǰɫɭֲ֪ٴΡһνԪ飬źò׽һˡȴû뵽ȻһգȻõöʥŮЩˬ
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Ԫȴϸϸʯ̨ǰһƬĽɫС֡ǰһֶǵҪ˿ͷˡ
ʲôͷͷҲǹʯͷϿͷ˫Źʯͷ˫ֻ֧һ˴ôߣͷ
Ԫǰĵ棬ʼȻƲоⶴ֮кйŹ֡еӦöЩɫС֮ϡ
ԪǾͨƻ֮ģԿʼãҪҳһЩ̲ŵ˼
ⶴͷ϶лءȻҪҿͷⶴҾͲҲⶾ䣡
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ʥŮһȶоȥ˻صķâҪ˺ѳǧǧһ㣡һ˲䣬ԪΧĿռ䶼Ť
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ڶʥŮһƳױһŭͳ˹ͬԪͶʥŮõ˶һ׺䶥ĸо
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һǿߣȴ޷֮ı˳ȥ


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ʥŮȥ֮һӰûκε
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ԪԽСⶴ֮дʱĿǰһʯ̨֮ˡ
ⵤּ⣬Ҫͷһǧ²СԪûжʥŮļӣȻⵤҪԼͷԼ͸ɴͷ
ͷһǧ£ܱȱƷȥĺáû׼ܹõϹŽⶾء
ԪȶʥŮʥŮûжûϹŽⶾûκ⡣ԪͲһԪӵõҩ
ɷ죡



Ԫ׼ͷʱ򣬶洫һҵǶʥŮıɽڷڶڱ˽ƣʥŮôҲҡɽַֺ
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ԪûǶʥŮʯ̨Ϲȥ嶼ˣֻܹһȷʯ̨ϣһȫյģ
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ˣɫɭ֮һϹž綾ų涾ܽ⡣ҵϹŽⶾȴ޶ɽ⡣һսϹĽ
һսҵʤҲϹŽⶾҪԶԶǿϹž綾ҵһԷ˲֪ҵսʤԹ⻹ԭΪ֤
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ԪĬĬؿһƬֽȻĿٴһöɫģɢŨζĽⶾʥ֮ϡ
û뵽ϾȻĵҩԼ޶֮ôɽͲõ˱˵Ķˣ
Ԫתȵ顣ʱ򣬺ԥֽһöɫĵҩץУſڣһ̷ֱȥ
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Ԫ֪ԵĲԼһԥĴ̷ȥ๾࣬ʽ˶һһȵҩҺҲӿ


599 
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ԪڣһɫεӿţĸоԪ֪ǽⶾʥҩҺ
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ԪܿĿһϣ˵һıضϹŽⶾˡ
Ԫ˺ӣһƵľᡣԪȡ˹һһԶŵϢĽɫС֣ϹŽⶾؾ
ԪϸϸһۣؾμȻֽϹŽⶾŻ˺
ԪͷϹŽⶾϹиһ֡ԪϹиľ˳һϸϸһ飬ȻҲϹиŵ˺
ԪѾϹǵлɬĵطպ鿴ˡ
ϹȫϵĻ»СϱˣɱǶʥŮͲףϹŽⶾϣ׾ͻᱻʥŮ˹ȥ
ԪһкվʱӰһһӴڰض˳ȥ档
ȵԪȥ֮һغܿԶˡ
Ԫ֮ԽԭġϾﴦںɫɭ֮УѰ˸벻ǶʥŮȻһνҲ֪һط˵Ľƣǲٴνġ
Ԫתȥ˵ľ񣬶ʱǵĿҲԪ޵
Ԫ˵һллת߳˶
ڶ֮⣬ʥŮһŭݵվſڣŭ𣬺ܹɱˡԪǶͷѰһǿȴż棬öʥŮѻ𡣴Сûô
ڿԪ󣬶ʥŮ߽һЩ

ʥŮһɨĿ֮дɻΪԪϵϹŶȻȫˣ
淢һöⶾʥѾó£ҽϵľ綾ҵõϹŽⶾᱻʩ˽ƣ޷Ѿȫһ顣պԴڸ㡣
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ʥŮһŹֵÿԪһԪһǿûеõκκôԪһƷˣȻôȫռˣ
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ʥŮͻȻɫһһԪץ˹εķ֮ԪϷѰ
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ôܹԪʳϹŽⶾĻôԪͲԪˡ
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ҲһˣȻ֪Ԫô࣬ضͼġ
áҪĶϹŽⶾҿԸ㡣Ҫֻƽͻƽ硣ʱɱҵˣδ졣ԣܹңҵǿԽϹŽⶾڸ㡣
ԪԼڲŰƷ˾磬ʵʵ̫ˡܹһǿ߱ӵĻôȻǿԴԼʤ㡣ϹŽⶾһ˵ҲûʲôⶫʥŮܹԼԼϹŽⶾѸҲûʲô
ãҿԴӦ㡣
ʥŮܿӦԪֻҪܹõϹС¸㲻ʲô
Ȼ˵ԪǶΪǶʥŮû쵱һ£ԪҪ˵֡
رǻϹŽⶾһ
áȻھȥŶ޸ɵϹž綾Ҳ
Ԫɫһݡ
ǰ˽ⶾʥڶӦѾǰٶˡ˿Ŷ޵ϹŶǰŶһ£Ԫڶǵãʱ˿ֻ̣Ҫһ
۵ʵŶ൱С磬Լ򲻹Ǿûġ
Դһκ֮Ԫ͸оԼʵ˲١ڵʵŶҲһΣⶼһᣬԪŹ

ʥŮԴɻؿһԪЩšܿ˵ͷԪȻҪȥԣǾȥԡ
ɵŶޣԼҲͬԵõϹž綾˵Ҳһ顣ֻһ˫ӿԪԽǹŹǵõϹŽⶾֺӵ˰ٶֵ壬һɫɭ֣ʲôôԪռˣ
ߣ
ԪӰһȾŴķӶȥʥŮ۳֮ҲһܿԪĽŲ޴ķ֮תʥĹ⻪˴ٶȿ޷
һǰһŶ޵ķɱȥ


600 Ŷ
һͷŶΪԪͶʥŮǶĵš˴Աߣ˫סǰŭգűײеϢôû˸ðĵ̣ھȻ˵ҽȴܵˣŶ޺ǲˬ
ͻȻ䣬ëڵһֱվһͷʢŭıӣǰ˫۷Ź⡣ΪǰԪͶʥŮ˹
ʥŮӰһ٣ͣǧ֮⣬ʱ۶ɣ˼ĺХһ֮Ѿʱˣ޷Ŷ̫ϾϹŶʥŮҲܲˣһ֮ҲǸԪΧ׼ģ
ԪһܿŶ޵ǰһȥɫҲޱȡ
һ·֮ϣԪûжɫҶݣɫɭֵĶҲ˿벻塣Ŷ޵ǰҲͬˡԪڵĽⶾʥתЩȫһɸɾľ綾Ҳ˺ֺˣ
أ
Ŷ﷢˻ƺҲԪı仯ָƲ˵ھȻԼϹŶҲˣ
Ȼ͵һӴ˹һ˲䣬ʹӰ֮Ԫǰצһ£͸Ĺǵĺ䣬֮û䲻ĶֱץԪ޲ýԪ˺ѳƬ
Ŷ޵ĹƣԪҲһתһ־Ŷ޿ץȥ
һϹŶתȿѹ£ȴԪֺԪһץŶ޵צ֮ϣ

һ¡쳹һ֮£Ԫֱӱɳ˰֮⣬ֻվ֮ɫӳ
Ŷ޵ʵС磬ûϹŶԼҪԸҲޱȡ
ʥŮԶţ˸šԪĵõ˵ĲٺôھȻϹŶҲˡŶҲʲôƲ硣ɱʵԶԶеҪԵԪƺǶ֣
Ԫɡ㲻Ŷ޵Ķ֡
ʥŮ˹ԪϻϹŽⶾؼʥŮɲԪˡ
ԪȴûкˣһŶԽǿᣬԽĺʤ֮ġ
ɽ֮Ѿˡڣˣ
ӮһҪӮӮŶޣҪҵϹž綾
Ԫﾫ˸šǰһ߳ÿ߳һµ͸ۻķӿһһͬ󺣷ڣһһǿ
Ԫ򶾶˹ȥܹŶĳ͵⡣ʱԪ͵һһȭϣŶ޿񱼶ϣ
һȭ̲ĲϢۻ룬ѹ޾Ĵݿ࣬һ֮رɫ˻һƵѹõöʥŮɫҲһ䣡
أ
Ŷȴ˻һҲǸſ˶һӱ¶ۻõΧĿռȻȻٶȷԾſѪڣֱӾԪ˺ҧ
䣡
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Ԫ˫͵һץһŶ޵֮ϣҧƴţʱԴѾŶ޵Ѫ֮У
˺
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رŶѪڵľ޴ҧһ㣬˸޷ܣǴŶޣʵ֮ǿͣͬСɣ
Ԫ¶һ亹ӶͷϣϹŶ޹ȳıϢĴϣõԪθ﷭ܵĶĸо
أ
Ŷ޷˵˻ҧǰһССİƷ˸ܲˡƬ̣ͿԽ˳ˣ
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СҪǾ̫ˣ
Ԫٶһҧɸ֮ȻӿһǿȻ͵̧ͷ˫һţȻһӽŶ޼£ѪӲſ˽׵ľ룡
һ˲ķõŶ޵ıɲǼӲסˣ
ȻԪԥ̧ţתŷɽżһ£һ£ֱӺŶ޵ĶǸ֮ϣһ˲£

Ԫһſ̲ʮʮĹһԵŶ޶ǸԭģҪٶȷͻȻһͨԵ˵ϣͺһйƤ
ȻԪ̧ţŶ޵°£Ŷް˵ϣץסϰѪڣ͵һǰһƣһۣ

һ쳹Ŷ޵ѪһӾͱԪ۶˿ڵѪӿ


601 ӥ
һԵĶʥŮһĻü㵵顣ŶޣʥŮҲ֣ʵǿᡣûϹŶĸţԶʥŮʵҲ޷ɽŶ޸նɱˣ
ŲƷ˾Ԫ𣬾Ȼɱ˿СŶޣʵѾǼ侪˿ֲˣϾ˺֮ĺ蹵ǲԽģŶС֮Уֻĩ֡
ԪŶ޵Ѫڳ֮ŶʹҪطסҪ𣬿Ԫһ£һһնһ˲֮䣬ͽŶ޵״̴ˣһ£ֱӾͽŶڵ˳ȥ
ء
һʹ˻˹˵ϺŶʹôѲˡ
ģûţţһغˡɴӣ޾ͲʵĿԪ
ԪɵŶ֮󣬺ԥӰһǺӴķ˹ȥ
ûŶһϰԪҪҵµĶʵ̫ˡ
ԶĶʥŮһĻҲȻһ׷˹ȥŶѾˣѰϹž綾ʱˡ
ԪǺӵһַ˵ϣĬĬӦšȻ͵һ£

һƵ촫˹׷׺Хʱ׼Ԫ͵һ˵˵ϣһǰ۶ɣԼס
֮磡
ҴҸĶʥŮȫûϵ˶İХæһӣһ쫷תɣȻӭ߼ʵ밵ײ֮Ļ𻨷ɽ
ȵ֮ʱǰѾǿյһƬûԪӰ
ֻǺӵ󣬳һضءʥŮæȥҲһ˽ȥ
һض֮СֻܹɵվʥŮһ£ͲȵԪϣ
վţ棬ܹԸоԱ˴˵Ϣ
ԪӣһɫһɫϺõʯɣ侫¡
ڣ϶кӴؼͷֻԪͶʥŮٵιϷЩˡ
ӣѡһɡ
Ԫ˿ʥŮ
ԪͷҲԼ̡ںͶʥŮһϷַԴʥŮʵߣӲҪȫռʥŮ϶ͬ⣬ʱԿֻܹ
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Ϲž綾ڵԪ˵ǲûôҪϹž綾ԪŲƷ˾ʵûͻҲ޷
ֻҪϹž綾
ʥŮǿӲ˹һɫɭ֣ҪѰϹ
ϹŽⶾѾԪһʱ֮䣬ԼϹž綾ζҪõˡ
áȻϹž綾ͽ㡣ʣµĶҵġ
Ԫ΢΢һЦȻұߵһӡұߵĺڣһɫľᡣһ̫ŵϢɢȻϹž綾Ĺؼ
ʥŮȡ˹ˣϸϸ
Ԫһ򿪶ûд򿪡ӻǵȵ뿪ĶʥŮϸȽϺá
ֻҪܱƽܿҲὫϹŽⶾ㡣ʱϹŽⶾϹž綾Ͷġ
Ԫ˵Ӱһֱӷɳ˵ض
Ȼˢһ£ʥŮҲȥˡ
ӵϹž綾û̫ôҪϹž綾ϹŽⶾһʹã޵ʥŮõϹž綾ضӿϹŽⶾ
ʥŮֳһϹž綾Ѿ״̬öϹž綾һգգ۾
ԪʶӿҪɫɭѰһطĿһɨƺʲôһӱ
ֻԶһֻɫľӥתʥĹ⻪ӥıϣվһѩһӣԪǰԽԽԽԽƺɫɭѰʲô
Ԫüͷ
ɫɭ֮Уɷ֮ݺύûʲôҽɫɭ֮СȴһһӥѵҲӵ㹻ɫҶݲɣ
ܿԪͷеĹŹ֮ΪһһӥȻֽģֽɵ˺ӥûȻºɫɭֵĶ
Ԫܿ뵽һʣ
Ԫڱʱ򣬾ʣֻֻʵķƷѡǴʡԪʽ
һΣʻһһӥȴǼǿ档ƺɵģ
Ĺӥ
ʥŮ̧ͷҲһһӥ΢΢һ䡣
ߣǿ
ʥŮæסԪ֣Ӱһһֻصǰĵض֮С̧ͷ˸߿С
ֻһһӥͷɹ˫۾ڷɨţƺѰʲôһһӥĿڶʥŮԪԱʱԪͶʥŮæеϢȫ˵ض֮ڣûгһڡ
ʮӣһһӥڴͷʧˡ
ɾǿߣĹӥÿһ𶼴ﵽСʵǿޱȡ
쾹ȻǲŹӥ˺ɫɭ֣϶ɫɭзԪټ
ɫɭ֮УݺᣬɾǿߣҲܹСȻһɾǿߣҲͬˡĹӥȴܶȾȻԽɫɭ֮С
һԹӥ϶еڶԣԣɫɭҲһӱüΣ


602 뿪
û뵽쾹ȻʥӥûκϢɫɭȻûκϰ
Ȼ˵ӥ䱿׾û˵ǻۣʵȴ侪ˡ㿰СʵΧɱԪҲѡ
һԹӥ뿪֮󣬶ʥŮԪʹӵض˳ɫޱȡ
ɫɭֲܹôˡ춯ʣҪɫɭַ췭ظǿߣ
Ԫϵ
ҲǾ֮ءɣʥŮ㽫Ϸһ·ϽⶾϾڸ㡣ȵҴﵽ磬ͻ¾㡣
ԪһĿ⿴˶ʥŮ
Ͼ
ʥŮɫһ
䵽ֻһʱϾҲò
Ԫŵ֪ʥŮϵôĿǰ˹ϵûкõ̶ֳȡ
ŶʥŮֻڽڶʥŮʵܹ뿪һЩϾĵߣⶫʥŮȫҪĻǲܵġ
áҿȴӦ㡣Ͼ֮ͻȥϷ㡣ҷһžѧ׷ҽϢӡʶΪĴۡ㵽Ҷҵ㡣
ʥŮѩ˹ԪѩҲͬԪԪڷѩ˵Ҳûκεĺô
Ԫӣ϶Ըڲʱ򣬱˵飬ϹŽⶾҲʯ١
ʥŮڵõϹž綾ҪúøԪһЩʱҲǲԡ
á
ԪҧҧӦˡ
ҹһ˵ⶫʥŮʲô׷ȵԼȫˣȥ취
Ԫͷ֮󣬶ʥŮͻȻһֱԪͷ֮ϡ
ѩһ̲ԼصϢ󣬾ͺһɫĶֱԪԺ
Ԫоһ𣬵ȵӦʱ򣬷ѩѾǰƿˡʱԪͷƯһѩ׵ƶ䡣۸ʶȴԸӦõ
һѩ׵ƶ֮ڣ̲ŷѩصϢʶһ˫۾һѩƶ֮УסԪ
ͽд׷һŰƣѩܹԼλáԪʱûȥһŰƣȵⷽѩ뿪ʱ취ƵҲ١
²˳٣ǡ
ԪҪͷѩһ뿪ʱͻȻӸ߿УһХ˹ȻһֻӴޱȵİɫӥ£趯һһӥһԪͷѩǰõԪͷѩΧĿռ˲һ䣡޾ѹȺɱ
ӥ˫۷ޱȣһͺ̴ܴ˵顣Ǽӥ죬ɢűĺâһۿȥͿһƷ
һͷֽӥܹ˺һʵǿľƷˣһּݵĸо
ֽӥԱߣһһѩ׵վţĿҲԪϡСʵ˫Ŀ֮У͸¶ݶһؿԪԪһ㣡
һһӥȻ֣õΧĿռһɱȻԪתһ˫۾ɨΧһԹӥ֣˭֪ΧжٹӥšԪɨһȦ֮󣬵ǲûзĹӥ׷
֮ˣ
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Сİֽˣûüѩһ֮һն˺ѳΪ룡
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һĻԪ΢΢㵡Ȼ˵ûкӥ潻֣Ԫܹоֽӥʵ
رǰֽˣС磬ԪҪԸסȴʥŮѩһиɱˣնɱһֻһ㣡ԼڶʥŮѩǰҲԲӥö٣
ⶫʥŮһɫǴ磬ò˶ãͻΪɾǿߣպɽһԾͷ
ߣ
ʥŮͷҲûأӰһźɫɭбӶȥһӣһ֮۶ɣһ·Ϣļۣ
ԪҲϸ
ںɫɭ֮дţϱߵķ򡣴ϱ߳ɫɭ֣붫ĵȻʥŮӦÿ뿪ģϷֻҪϷ־첻ôˡ
һ·֮ϣʥŮɫҶݵļӳ֣ҲɫɭɷݺĶ
Ԫǰٶ֮赣ǡһ·ĵģЩӥ׷ûб֡żһЩ۵ĹӥХ£ҪԪͶʥŮ
Ԫûг֣ͱѩһ֮˸ֱϰУɱ񣬷ɱһ·һһҹڴӺɫɭ֮гˡ
붫֮һµϢõ÷ѩԪһˬԵػĸо
ǶݵĵطϷдľ롣һȥϷһ·ϹŽⶾҾͿˡ
ʥŮʶӿݸסҪѰ˰Լʶӿϸϸɨţܿüͷ
ΪݶʼݵһЩ߽˷׷׳ѰʲôԵüҡݵҪ·֮ϣǲһһĹؿȻǽֹ˴Уϸķأ
ѩɫһЩݻǶĻʹˣĻʹԼֳ֪ôĶȫĸ߽˶ˣѰʲô


603 
ʥŮĿԪϣԪҲڿĿ⽻㣬ȻǺܿ˷ʲô顣
ܹöķ䶯ģҲֻˡϾͶѵĹϵʦڣҲ϶ǳԼġ
ԭƾ趫ʥŮڶĵǿ뿪ⶫ֮صġڿҲҪƷһЩˡ
й
ʥŮͻȻһȻһܾȥ񴫵
ԪǾԵƬ̰ɡҵйˡһ룬ʱһߴϹŽⶾһ뿪ġ
˵󣬶ʥŮ۾
ԪҲ£ĿڶģжʥŮȻһƾʥŮġ
һһŮţ˴϶תŵĹ⻪ԪѾ˰Ʒ˾۷ˣҪͻƾƷ˾磬ʵ֮ǰһĳɳرں޸ֵ֮Ĵ֮£˲ٵĶһСǿ߶ˡ
ֻԴ磬ɾǿߣԪû˿ĵֿ֮
ͻƾƷ˵ʱֱܹԴɡ
ԪܹܵԼʵı仯ڵɸռҲǹޱߣԶԶǰʱ̡
ӵеʵǰġƷ˾磬Сɽ綼Ǿ޽С
ԪоڵۻޱȣֻһͿ۳һˣ
ʱһһȥԼʱ֮ԶͻȻһ޴ĲȻ˻ʹ̤֮ɽӣɽ綼һ㣡
ʥŮԪȺۣǰֻԶһӺƺƵʻǰƮһɫġȻдŶʥŮĸ֣Ծ԰Եݺᣡ
ӵƱ֮ǰʲôүҪǿˣʮƥߴ׳ǿһֱӷ̤ϰ׵ľ룬ٶȿó档
ǰǰ˸Ʒ˾İʿͷ󣬶ҲͬһȺʿƺƵýʥŮйù
м䣬ʮƥŵйǾ޴ޱȣһ̻Իֺͣй֮ڱй֮޲ǶʥŮʥŮ

йԪͶʥŮ֮Զʱг֮һͳϵ˹һ˲䣬йȻס뻮һĳ˶ʥŮǰ
Ȼֺɵй֮ϣһ׷ԲԵߣź󱳣һģ
ʥŮ
ŶʥŮס֡ݹᾣȻֻоƷ˾磬ʵȴ֮һľƷǿһ˫ӥԪɱʱĹᡣһݽɫ
ʥŮ
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ʥŮվȴҲûпһۡ
ȥɡ
ʥŮӰһй˹ȥһйʯ˲򿪣ʥŮ˽ȥ
ԪҲһϸŽй֮С
濴йѾӴֺޱˡû뵽߽ȥйĻֳֺ
ǰʯǹľΣÿһһһйĲþݻ̻Իͣûʡй֮ڵһСС¯ǶǼֵǵġһ˱Ƕζ
һޱȵɲݣһԪҲһꡣζڰ񣬵壬޷Ĺá
Ԫǣй֮УȻһľͰȪɢȵϢ
ľͰܴԡϺõľɵġľͰ֮ڣɫҺ壡
ЩҺɢǰδеŨŵ˶ֻĸо֮ԪڵҩõЩƷ鵤ֻòѷ
һ֮ľͰȪ֮ԡһ£ȿ磽ƣֿͣʹޱȡʥŮǺܻܡ
ԪڹľϴϹиɡ
ʥŮȻ׵İʯϵ˹
á
Ԫת˹ľϡϹиϸϸһ飬еؼǵڻҲʲô顣
ϹŽⶾʮϹ֮һֻдԵ֮˲ſϹŽⶾˡ
ʲôˡľľˮˮ˻𣬻˽ˡʵһ˵ĵνһｵһһɽһɽߣɽ֮ûвܱ֮
ϹŽⶾǸ˵ĵѰҽⶾİ취ˣϹŽⶾĸ

Ԫһ߻ϹŽⶾһ߸Լ˵ʥŮţȿʼɫ࣬ƺڷֱԪ˵٣ģƵƵˡҲһǿߣڸͨԼļ⡣ԪҪⷽƭǲܵġڿԪҲƺûҪȥƭ˼
˵ϹŽⶾ֮ʱʥŮ̲סվкáϹŽⶾԭǻɬޱȵģû뵽Ԫôһ⣬Ȼǻ֡ɼԪЩϹ輫֮
һϲԪʥŮɵðһѹֵܹͻɾ磬½֮󣬾ȻҲܹ¾ܹȹǰһ٣պɽҪһϯ֮ˣ
Ϲһ˵֮󣬿ڴǿҲܹˡѹֵѩܹô̵ʱںȻеȻãԭ򣬿»Ԫϡ

ԪͶʥŮʥŮ֮ڣܿӴֺʥŮͺƺƵʻֺûʡ
ǰһƬʥŮӭƮݡ
һ·ϷʻŶʥŮŹȻûκһ˸ҳ衣ڶģʥŮĸ־ͺһƣ֮Īá
һ첻칬Ѫʹһ˶Ļʹ档˶Ļʹʿ
ںɫɭָһЩǳأ򣬶عؿõѰ˸ܹ
һ·ϣйҲ˲ٵ裬д󲿷ֶǶĻʹˡһʥŮйȻûһ˸ҳˡæ׷˿ȥ
ʥŮĿúܣ̫һǸ߸ϵδĵƶˡԼûκһ˸ҵﶫʥŮرǶʥŮƢ𱩣һΪ٣һغڶطֻʥŮˣû˵ʥŮѹġ
ԪҲ͸йڲ鿴ȻŶʥŮϾǷͬСɡûһ
ԭԪΪЩǻᶯʶ鿴һйڵԪĵȴûз
ЩƺǼ¶ʥŮϣҲҿйһۣͷﻹҶʶɨӰ
Ԫ˿ⶫʥŮĸĻرġ
ȥò˶೤ʱԼͿ뿪ģǰϷ˰ɡ
Ԫ˶ʥŮһϹŽⶾ֮󣬸ɴͱ۾ĬĬϢ
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ԪͶʥŮ׷ۣǰ˹ȥʥŮ̧ͷһ˿ŭâ
ʥŮйҲأѵǻ


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ʥŮٴα֮û˵һ仰ԪĿȴ̲סʱʱŶʥŮȿȥ
ȳƣ޳ûһ˿׸⡣ⶫʥŮһ˫ȣɶ칤֪ķ߶ٵľѪԪŮ֮УܹŵĽǰ
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ԪһѪӿ֮Ȼ䣬ԭݻƵĹƳһӳɫĹâʥྦྷӨȻһӻ˹Ө͸ΩΩФ
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607 ѹ
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ԪһһӴſȸȻһһ˲䣬͵ʮ֮ĵط˻ȸ

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һײȸȻ˳ȥͨصڵϣָŷһѪ˳ɫ԰ף


608 Ϊ
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ȸͫ˲ƺо˼侪ֵ飬ҪȴѲˣֻ־ֻ֣˲һ̣ܿʧˡ
㣬ʲô
ȸ˹Ҫ̽һԪԼʲôȴûаı仯оκεĹ֮
šղֲڵĶĹơֻҪԹͻƽ¡Ҳɱ㡣ֻҪΪҵˣԵ߾Ϳˡ
ԪһһӿȸڣȸƣƬ̺ȸͻָɫվ
ȸҲ·ʲôԭԪҪԼ֪ϢƺҲٿԱסһ
лԪɱ֮ӴȸԪˣƾԪǲ
ȸæס֡ʱĽɫǱ任úܿ죬һӾͳԪˡ
˸ţȴЦ
ԪȻ٣Ѿӵ˿СʵǺȣ׻̫Сˡ
٣ɾ٣ⶼԽĺ蹵ǵԪûжȹͲĶ֡
Ԫ֮䣬ȸǻվһߡֻڻԪĻˡ
ȵŪȥˣһСƾԼԪϵԽɾԪǰȻԪնɱˣ
ȸ˼תš
ȸǰԪҲؿʼգ϶Ц⡣
ȸ˼ĹֲȸԺʶкȸһ뷨Ӳ۾
õͦġȸΪôúŪôҾһζ
ԪɫͻȻһһĿȸ
ԪһĿ˹һ˲䣬õȸֵ֮ͬĸоȻڣһʹ˲䷢
ʹȫͬʹ飬мʮֻڷ˺ҧһ㣡
ʹҺ


ȸɫ˲ɷһͷԵ˵ϡסԼظסԼԴڵϴһ𣬻¶ɪɪţ
ʹʹ
ܣҪˣ
ȸ˹˫ʹԼ˺ţץţƬ̵Ĺ򣬾Ѿµ·ץˣ¶ѩĽ壡
ܿ죬ֻڷ£ץһѺۣѪ죬Ŀģ
ȸԭҲСǿߣʹѰܹȵġĹƵҩȴǿޱȡÿһ缡ÿһǶʹòˡ
͸оԼ嶼Ҫ׵׸ѿˣÿһʹѵĸо
ȸԼץţ˺ţһץ۳֣±ˣĿģ

ԪһԾؿšûĹƵĹǴƵģزжѷɫ
ȸʹԳܵģȷԪĹ۵㡣
ѰʹĥڵģĹƲһȴڶġʹǴʶŲʹоһΪǿˣֱӽһ·жϣӶֹһеʹѵ
Ĺƴʶ˸޴赲ˣ
Ĺܹݻһٰʮʹÿһʹʽ˲ľԣʱʱ̶̿ļ֮У
ĥܣã
Ƭ̣ȸѾǻѪˣ۾ӣͣѪһѪˣԪ˹סԪȣ
˿Ͱ͵ĿԪһӲ˼ʮꡣ
㣬ɱҰɡɱҰɡңܲˣ㡭
ȸһӿ˳ܹ쵤֮ʹޱȣʮ˲
ԪĹƣȴǺ쵤ӿ°ٱеĻôʹٶҪһǧ˰ٲˣ
ȸסԪĽţѪĹƵļ尾ʱʱ̶̿ĥʹ
ãҲ֪ĹƵˡǾЩС˼ΪС˼ǲӳҵ۾ġ
ȸѾԹĹƵӦòٷˡ
֪ллԪллԪ𣡡
ʹ˹ȥõȸæԪĸо
ʹԺһӶˡֱһجΣ
ȸ˿Լ±ˣѾǴĿˡҲƵĿȫǣ·˼ʮꡣ
ԪȻȸӻȥҪȸױԼơ
ȸڻк쵤ǱƿصġȻҪȸԹԳԼԪȻҪڵĺ쵤ˡ
ԪһָһѪӿ˳ԪһѪͽȸ
ȸֻоһϢûзӦһѪ˻Ѫ֮СȻ˶ֱϴĸо£Ȼһ£
ԭϵƣȻһȫָˣͷⲻƬƵӣȻñǰӹ⻬ˣÿһ缡͸¶ŵԺ
ȸӸоԼĸоΪ֮ڣǺ쵤ĶҩҪʧˣԼȻĿƣ
⡭
ȸ̧ͷԪﾹǾȣΪû뵽ԪȻܹµľ綾
Ԫ˽ⶾʥ֮˶޶֮ѪҲǽⶾʥҩ£ûԪⲻ˵ĶҲûܹ˺ԪĶ
ĹֲԺһУҵ֮Сһ̿ʼԪˡҪǶһҾ֮⣬ܹʱʹͻصߣһʲô紵ݶң
Ԫ˹
ȸԼӪԺҲ֪Ķ
ǡ
ȸһתķӶȥˣͬһ磬ת۾ʧԪǰԪȥıӰ˼Ǹһ˿Ц⡣


609 С
Ԫ£ȸҲ߰һԼˣȵʲôԼҲܹ֪һЩ
ѾϷĵˣб죬ԪĴͷɽ֮ҲƺֻϷܹԼˡ
ԪһϷӶȥ
ԪǰʱϷϷǷԴ֮أɽ绹ŷ¡
س֮ʱƶ񽻷棬ħݺᡣɽԷΪƣʰˣϲħԶӶ֮к顣ħƲˮݡ
ʱʵǿɽǿʢ㽫ħѹħ֮У̤ɽ֮С
һֱһǰһǰħаȻõһö顱ʵаħ𣬴ɽ磬һҹ֮䣬ǧ飬õɽһҹ֮˼Ұʮ֮ڣǹ»ꡣ
չ֮еķŭǺճѹаȴû뵽аȻѾɽ֮ġɽ֮˾ʮ֮ҲЧħаʼӶᡣΪӶṦʹʵǿ
Ӷ֮ݺţ꣬ɽ綼ΪһƬʱɱ˷Ŀ޷룬޶ֻ˽ɱ¾ֻв²϶Ƿʢŭ֮£ħаնɱҽɽħа֮ȫɱɾ
̶һ£ɽһƬ㡣ԭ轵˲ԭٷ֮һ˵ɽһĩʱڣ
濴ĿһƬ磬ﱯʹ֡аɱ¾ɿǱ㽫նɱ֮УԼȻҲһɱ˵ħͷһãһħ
濴ԼմѪ˫֣»ŲԼͬţ㡣
ʱѾֲƶ񣬷ֲħڼɣʰȱ֮ˣιӥնǴʱȴתۼɱ顣
ɱֹɱΪƻΪ
ͷɢɽ֮ţ·Ѿû˹輹ʧǰšưܵļ԰һ˫˫ʹ޾ʹ֮С
ԭֻҪնȴ¾ԭһԭΪƵˣȴҲΪһԭΪˣȴҲΪơ
ƶʵûԵ֣ħҲδĽޡһ죬ˣΪһж֮Դ
Ϊ˭ҲֹܹԼΪ뷨ֻжԼΪƵ
һзϳԼΪȴûһ˻Ӧ
һƬͽԼȫΪӡС֮УԼģǰħء
ҪԼȥħأħصԹޣȻһǰħ֮󣬾Ҳûл
Ƿһֹ¡Ҳɽ缫㷺һ汾
Ԫ֮󣬶ҲǸпǧ֮ˣֻǿϧȴֲƶ֮ĵ塣
ƶֻԵġƾжжơ澹ȻҪеĶȫ޳ȻΥһй컯ġȻͻʧܡ
ɽ򣬶½ʤ޾飬޾ͷÿһ鶼ϣʧ֮֮Уͻ޾Թãϲеõ㣬еòԹޣȻĹɣ޷Ĩɱɾģ
ԹϻۣͻõħԽԽǿԽԽ¡ǷͨҲ޷öƣҲ޷ʧȥһжԹޡΪ޷
ͺҲ޷Լһ㡣½ơ޷õʵ֣ҲҲԹޡԼ޷ôأ
Ԫһ߱˼ţһѰŲ֮ءϷطԪΣҲһЩϤŷٹ֣צӵ첻

ԪѰŲ֮ʱͻȻ䣬һǰԪǰȥ
Ԫɫһ䡣ǰȴǰԶľ봦һƬ֣ޱȣȻСڣ
С磿
Ԫһ
С֮ڣӡŷĵطȴһֱǷӡ״̬ôͻȻأ
Ϸ֮У޴£˵Ƿʮ˴Ǵʦ򡣲Ǵʦ£ϷҲвɽˡСͻȻ䣬ѵϷ˴²ɣ
Ԫ˳СķӶȥһ·ϣʶӿʼɨ
ʱǰС˲ֻԼһһӰһһˣСϹȥϷˣҲԶģ򣬱ȵصǿߡ
С翪˵ǷѡԵ֮ˡɽ֮ˣֻҪԵͿԽС֮Ѱ
ǰСɷӡŵȫͷһʵı⡣ֻСֻзԵ֮˲ſԽСС翪ܹ࣬С֮еˣȴûм
˵зԵ֮ˣһС磬ͻᱻСǸܵС𣿡
ûСԵ֮ôף궫ʥŮһЩǿߣ׷С磬ȴûһܹȥУ
Ե֮ˣһ
ǰȥС⿴˴Сû׼ҲԽӶᣡ
ҲԣзԵ֮ˡض᲻׳С磬ȵ֮ʱЩԴɾˣ

һһ˹ԪĶԪüͷ
ԭС֮ǰѾˣǸʱԼ»ڵšȻ֪Щ顣СѰҷԵ֮ˣԼһʱСԼһηԼˣúܡ
ԪܹܵСǿȻ֪Լ⴫˵еķԵ֮ˡ


610 Ե֮
Ԫһ·˳ӡСǰȥ˻ǲ١Ҳѹ֣С֮пǷӡ÷ͷģٲȻһ޴ı⡣ںò׿Ȼ˸ǰȥ
Ȼ˵һܹõʲôԵ˭ûһ߹ʺ˵Ļءһ򣬾һһõ˷һЩʲôССһë˿ƽطˡ
һ·㱼죬ܿһɫĽͳǰ֣ޱȡʱɫ֮⣬վˡֱɽأ
ģϷ𣬱ÿһȴ赲С֮⡣
ûзԵͽ벻С֮СЩ˶赲档
һһԶϹǣЩ϶¶˳С֮еػ꣬в˵ǽС֮еˣȴûмǽȥС磬Ҳһ
ʥŮǿ߹Ҳ֮ͬǧ֮⡣ͨҪȥǲܡ
˰ɡֻӵзԵ֮˲ʸС硣Щǲܽȥġ
ԪС⡣ʱһƳһԪ
ǣûܵСٻͲҪˡСķ֮ǺܿµģղиƷˣСһ𣬻ͷʮ飡ȰǧҪӲ
һҲ˹Ԫ֮У˶Ǳ׵ģǿдС磬СĽ˵ġ
ǱܾûзԵ֮ˣȻϣܹȥС֮С
ԪûǣֱһС˹ȥоСԽԽˣԽԽˡһεڷٻ
һ֪ߵغģʱŵػƨŵأ
ҲҪϵʮͷһ˽ֻ˳ʹȻ

һһֻ˹һϵڣ㽫ٶ˹ˣȴûһܹȥڿԪ߽С磬˶ſԪЦΪղǱС練ʱ򣬺ܶ˾Цǵġ
һĿԪϣųԪȴӶֻһС˹ȥ
ܿɫǰȻԪ̧ţһ̤˽ȥ
˶ɴ۾һĻԭΪῴԪɫȻһĻ
ȴû뵽ԪһֻžȻ̤˽ȥûɫκηһ˽ȥɣȫû˿С谭˼
⡭
ԭһֱڶԪ䳰ȷһӾͽӲסˡôҲû뵽ԪȻ̤ɫ֮У
Ԫ̤˽ɫ֮У˵зԵ֮һһİ
⾹ȻһԵ֮ˡһ˵ɴ۾̲ס̾С֮⣬ѾвٵʱˡǵһοһԵ߽֮ȥˡ
ܹС֮УضԻԴԺʵһ˿ڿˮ
̫ĽˣҲǰƷˣΪʲôҲԣ

һһĽʼɵ˹ĽÿԪϧԪѾˡ
ԪһС֮кǰ龰˲һ䡣ԪǰһƬããԭ̣ͺԶʱĺһ㡣һ̫Ϣ
ԪţС֮еһСϢзֺۼ
磬С磬硣ɾС磬Сɾ磬ɾ磬Լ硣
Խǵ˺ľ磬ͻƾͻԽѡÿһͻƶһƽ١ӾƷɾһѣֹǵĽŲ
ɽ磬ܹ̤ɾǿ֮٣رǵڣһڵɾǿһֶֻĳҼȫСɾ硣
ɾɽ缸ûκһͻƵں磬һֻзħаﵽˡԪʢʱڣҲСɾ硣
Ҳ˵ķһΪǿΪͬΪħа˷
ԪС֮ڣžη֮ģǶһǿߵľη
ԪﵽСɾ磬ʱԪ̣ȴʼղָֺܹо·СɾѾļһ㡣֪ͻƼ޵Ѻģ
Ĵɾ磬磬ÿһ磬һʱĿһǰ˴δ߹·
ȥħ֮󣬾ҲûӰԪ֪ʮа˾ѾԲˡΪûԲŵĻħؾӦñѹƣҲ˺ħصԼˡ
죬ħħأԪĶͷⷽ˵ԼӦͬһߵġС֮УԪҲѼĸоĪظоһϤС
ԪһǰšСϢҲѰŷµıءʶӿ޾ǡ
СޱȣӲͷС֮еԱ֮ࡣ
˵СǷ浱ӡԼȫӵ֮
ǰǷľڣ˵ϷǴʦõöӣѾɾǿˣҪǵõһö϶ܲˣ
С粻ӣ˵ϹϹϹսǿޱȵģ
ϹпƷķԣϹֻǿ߲ſǷԣҪǵõһʵ϶ͻͽ
С绹ǵǱҺзԵ֮ˣ죬ǿȥѰңȻЩҪȥˣ


611 ̨
С֮УȻзԵ֮˲ࡣһгһǻ̫󣬽СеҲв١
ԪɫһС磬Ȼֶܹ顣ֻôзԵ֮˵ɱᣬ治һ׵顣
ĶǱǧľţСнһµɱ֮أ

ԪСһ·ӡС֮УǵһΣԶСҲǺϤ˽⡣
ԪʶӿĬĬɨΧһУȻһ߱Ӷȥ
ʮԶƺвٵǿۼ˶˵طȻͶࡣ
ȻԪƬ̣ͿΧ£һЩԸصɢޡʵиеͣ඼ƷƷ˾硣һһ̾ƺʲô
˵ǰ棬һ·һ·Ǿɫʯɵģһһ̨ףֱӵ֮ϣһ·֮£˶̧ͷϿţ
·֮ϣһһɫѵĻҧһȥ˲ķ֮һ·̣ͽʯ̨֮ϣҲˡһ亹ð˳¶ڲšɫٸŤȻǳܵѹ
Ƿҵ̨˵У潫һֺһ֣Է̨֮ϡֻҪܹϷҵ̨ܹõˣ
ϷҵСӰɡǾƷ˵ľ磬Ȼܹ϶ʮ̨ף˲𰡣
ǰѰľƷֻܹʮ̨ףԵ֮ˣʵҲѰľƷǿ

һһ˹˵Ŀⶼһ۵СϡȻ˵ܲܵϵ̨ҪصĻûзԵԵ֮⣬ʵҲͬҪ
ǲ֪Ǳ˿ˣ̨ѹ̫СͻȻҽһֱӴӶʮ̨ϵ

һˤֱԪǰһ޴ӳ֣ʯҵףǻҡ
˺ðᣬСӲһķ߷߲ƽ
ҿҲϲȥ̨˭ȥɴˣ
СӴ
ǰСҲˣҲǷصأСҲϲȥûܹȥˣ
̨ҲǼĵһطܹԽߣԵԽʢպСӱضСջģ
ǰѰľƷˣСһ·̶߲أ

ʱһһ˹ġЩ˵ĻСѣʱɫźһЩ
ʵ̨ˣòƶԵҲʲô¡ϾһԵκһ˶ܹеġһȺУԼҲߵģԱԼķԵʵҪһǿ
Ԫں澲ţԭΪвȥǷС֮󣬾ûκһȥˡԱ߹ţһһ۾۰Ͱ͵ؿŵ̨ˡ
һٲ̨ףƽһͿԷȥȴֻܹ۰Ͱ͵ؿš̨֮ϣǲǿһӶòķԴõ˶ַ߷߲ʵΣ
ԣ̲ŷǿޱȣһԣһɫ֣һƷһʩչʹʵʵԽǿԽܹӳɫֵ
ԪȻ̨ȻҪȥԿ
Ԫŵ̨˹ȥԪһ˵Ŀⶼ׷˹
һƷҲϵ̨ô
ǲ²ܹٽײ㣿
Ҳܹ߰˲ɣ
ҿ̨׶ǺҲǰƷ˾磬ֻ㣬ôܱҶ࣡

һһ۵˹ЩĿⶼԪϡǶӵзԵ֮ˣʱڿԪҪԪڼ̨סԪ̨õһ֣ѹܵġûκķȥ롣
С翪֪꣬ж̨ȴûһϹһٲ㡣СǿҲƲ㣬οһССƷˣ
Ԫ̨֮£Ͼ͸оֽƵĴڡֽѹ϶£ѹͷ̧
ǷϣƺƵֺԵѹ£Ҫ޷͸
ѹô˶޷̨ȥΪ̨֮ϵѹ̫ˣ˵շУһһҲǴ粽У
ԽߣѹӵĿ£
Ԫһٶףһһ׳ǰԭԶţ΢Ǵʱȥȴûоͷһ㣡ңʣ߸ϣ翵ĸо
Ԫ˵һʯǰҪ̧ţһ̧һ˲֮䣬͸оһֻźǦһ㣬ޱȣȻҲ᲻ˣ
⡭
Ԫɫһ䡣ԭΪһٲ㣬һӦǻһЩģͻ᲻ϼӴѶȡȴû뵽տʼһ㣬Ȼͱסˣ
ָоĹŹֻ̧֡мʮѹԼҪµʱ򣬾ȻҲεĶֹԼһԼ˶·𱻶סȻˣ̧ĽţվĽţ˫֣Դ·һӱ׵ȫȫסˣ
ָо֮ȸĴӡҪĿ£
ԪһվΧ˶ԱһգգÿšԪվһһһɻѡȻԪڸʲô
Ȼ˵ûԪܹһٲףȴûһ˻Ԫϲȥһ̨סϾɽ磬һƷҲܹϵһ̨ס


612 
̨֮£ԪӲɫǺ졣ԪһԭɻȺпʼһĳ֮
ǰ֪Ԫôϸģ֪Ȼһ̨׶ϲȥ
ɡ⻹һƷˣȻһ̨׶ϲȥ
̫ˣһǵһοôûõİƷˣҲƷ˾磬ϵ̨ˣ
ǰ˵ǲǰƷ˾簡ôоһƷûУ
ǸŪһһƷˣ֤
Ǿǣ

һһ䳰ǿʮ̨ˤڶʮ̨ˤһ̨׶ϲȥİƷ˻ǵһο
ԪһӳΪ˵ЦЩȻõԪҲо֡˵һ̨Ӧ׵ĲŶԡԼһ̨Ҳϲȥ
ԪҧǺʱڻתʹǲôȴҲ޼£
оԼһռһ㣬޷ƶַֺԪţԼ壡õԼӲܹĽǣľµһУȴƱˣôûаô
ͨ
ͨ
ԪĬĬһһ飬ҪεľءԽεľȴʼ޷ѳȥ
ɡ˷ʱˣǻҪأ
ǡһ̨׶ϲȥķ
߰ɣⶪˣ

Ԫվһ˲ͷĿʼһ̨׶ϲȥˣֱǧź治֪ôСġģѹһԵûС
ΧЩ˵۳֮Ԫȴûһ㣬ֻÿԼ塣״̬֣ͬѰġ
ԪоԼǱԭһ㡣á
ԪϲָоϲãҲ˲ȥȫʧȥһɣ
ԪڵڷתţϵĻķ·γһ޴ĵ̰ӣۻĺˮڷ񶯵ĺХȻ̼ˢ£һӾԪ˫ȣǱסĵط̶ȥ
ͬٲһһ㣬Ŵݿ࣬һһóˢԪӲǡǴȴһµķһ㣬õԪгȫ˻ȥ
ԪһӡԽĸɾԽһ鲻Уʮ飬ʮ鲻Уһٱ飬һһķɱ֮£ɳԽԽԽԽ󣬽ģǷžȻʼˣ
ԪﲻɵһϲӷɱͲų岻Ī

һʱԪһĳˢ֮£Ȼһ¡֮ԭסģӲ徭Ȼһӳױƿˣ
ȻԪ͵ۣ¶ĸоȻһɫĹ⻪Ʊһ㡣Ȼһ޴ĽɫֳԪǰɢ˲ֱӵϣ
޴Ľɫ֣ɢ貵ĹâһֺϾ˹سĸо

˶ĳĽɫ֣ɴ۾һź;㵣
ǰһֱڳԪΪһ̨׶ϲȥ϶һû뵽ṳ̂ϵһ̨ףȻ͵õһԣ
һ޴ġ֣˼壬ܹסһУסһУǶķԣ
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ԪʵǿȷʵǿޱȡһѹǾƷҲĶ֡ɾ͸ɵˣ
ǾһƷ˵õ˷ԣҲֻһ˾簡һ˾磬ǾԲһĶֵġ
ھȻԲѵҪŴӵĵȫǿ֪ˣ
ΪõԣΪԼţƺ壬޵УֲԼʵ˰ɡ˵Ĵɻ䰡˸սȫǼʯͷݺˣ
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Сɫһ䡣ԭֻҪԼѹѹƷˡû뵽Ʒ˾Ȼ˿֪
ҲãһƷ˵õԡСӻĲƷء
˿֪ţȵԼӹˣԸСǿߵʵҪŪɡʱԶԼˣɱˣӶеı
ãšҸ粻һʱͻ£Ͻܹɣ
СӼŭһԪ
ԪѾ˵ϣһˡ˱Ŀ֮С
ԪȴԼ˼ġ
֮һͨС๦֮󡣸ղСʩչС๦мС๦ϡӦþС๦ݻġ
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õС๦պҲһǿķͨԪĪĺô
ԪЩ˼ȻһһΪԪԴԭ˿ԪΪԪзԵպضǴпΪ֮ˡڿĲδȹ̣ܿҪǴӵˡϾ֪֪ߵغԸɽǲܳġ
СˣȴҾˣʶɨӣҪ뿪ԪԶһ㡣ϾһƷˣɾͿԸɵȫһ޴вСһͷϵĽɫϾ͸ſѹõСӸ·ӡһ޴֣ͺһҪЩ춯Ҫ޴ɫָȡ
ûа취Сֻվԭأȴžȱĵ
һЩǣȻҲûȥһһߵԶؿšȻ˵̨עʲôòġȴԿԵޣҲһ顣
һȺ˵ǰھȴšˣҪԪϾƷ˵õı̫ˣൽǶʼɷ
ʱһһȥܿһʱʱȥˡСͻȻվ˫۷Ź⣬˶ߡ
ʱߵһƬãģƯһɫϼ
һɫϼԽԽԽԽ󣬽ģʾòȻһɫĽɽ
һɫɽ֮ϣһӭϹתţԵޱȣƮ˵ĳоһ֣ǿޱȣµ
Сǿߣ
һĻһΪѰǿߣƺġ
Ǹ硣Ҹˣ磬Ⱑ磡
ƮƣСæ˷ܴһȻСӸ
ˢһ£һߴȵӾͳСӵǰ
Сô£˭˸㣡
Ŀ棬Сһɨһͷ˳
磬ǱǸ飡Ǹսҷҵģ
СӺ޺޵ָָһԾԪ


618 С๦
һСǿ߼٣õ˲Ϊ֮һ䡣棬С֮Уǿ߶Ǽ亱ġ
һСǿߣѾСеĸˡһ£ѹƣͬѣһ㣬һ޷ѹȣ͸ϣƣǿ˲ȥ
ʵǿ˵պǷҵƶˣ׿һһĸ֡һǰƷҪ군ˣ
ǡСӻߣȻҪ˹ھͿôճɣ
СǿˣԿ϶ǴӵˣûϷˡҺ֮ǰûеСӡȻĻһҲҪˣ
СȻ򲻹ǰƷ顣ǴҪԸ̫ˡǲͲǻǶԶ㡣ñˡ

һһ۵˹˵ĿⶼԪϡƺҪԪһƷôճ
СӴŴԪ˹ȥһ˫۾סԪ˫ĿޱȣѾԪ¶׿һ㣡
磬СӿޱȣһҪݺݽѵ
С˴ԣһӾ޿ˡ߸ϵĿԪƺѾԪӴƨģˡ
ӵĿҲһԪϣ߸ϵĿ˫ۣѾԪ׵׿һ͸һ㣡Ԫǰͷ·ǳģû˿ܿԣ
ߣһƷ˵ӾȻ֮ҷҲҵڹ£˶ϣĸɸɴ࣡
ǰһ̤һ˲䣬޾ԪѹȶȥǰԵӿڰʵʵº󣬶õؿʼһƬѣ
˵Ǵм䣬˼ԪΧһЩǿǣҲһһҧͷ󺹣嶼ڶš
֮ĺ蹵ǿصĲһǿǰǿٲȻһȺȺϣЩǿߵĶ֣˵ǶԷһһϢܲˣ
áҲǷһɣҲøɸɴ࣬ǰ¹Ȼ˶ϣ
ԪûкˣǰһӭӵĿ⡣ѧӵĻ˵ǿӲ̬Ȳ


ԪĻСӺʹӶսȭͷٶŤŭȼţ
رǴӣ񶼺ԽԪɱټǧһ㣡
һǿǰһССİƷ˾ȻĿֱǲҪˣ
ӻûм㲻ˡ
С֮УԭɱˡʵС๦
ŭһʱڵתȻ䣬γһӰӣڵһվ˴
֮ڴӴı¶ʵʵ۶ɣͰԵһֺռ䶼񱩵Ťʵʻ۶ɵģޱܼһɱǾ˵ģ
С๦ϣʵ΢ǿ߸ܲסһһϹȥ
С๦˵зҵĵһͨһʩչȻǰԵޱȣ
ԪǸЦ⡣²һûдӹȻͨС๦С๦һڹͨʩչ󣬿ʹʵǿ
С๦ͬΪΪΪãԶй֮ʱƣҪŪӣȻԽС๦ռΪˣ
磬Ū֪ߵغСӣ
СҲܵС๦ǿᡣæһСǿǰһƷʲôǱ汬Űģ
ʱ򣬴ȻһֱһԪĴ£
һȻ£۱ܣֱǿֲһ޷ļޣ
ݿ࣬ؼûвܹĶǱһСǿߣС๦һҲҪһغˣ
ԴӵĹƣԪȴһЦ̩ɽǰ治ɫĸо΢ЦڱرСӿȫǲ֪ߵغĿ֪ѣ

籩ĹƾҪǰʱͻȻԪɫһ䣬һֱȶʱһɫĴȻХͬһ㣬һ˲䣬ӵĹ֮ϣ
Ȼ۶ɵİԵǿṥƣ˲ͶԪǰµһƣͣ˾Ԫĵطһˣ񱻷ӡһ㣡
֮䣬·һеʱ䣬һеĿռ䶼׾ֹһ㡣Ǵӵɴ۾һУҪȴѲˣоԼ壬Լһк񱻶סˣ
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ԪһһһɫֺХȥһеĹ˲䱬ѳΪ촷ۣ
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ӵɳʮ׵ľ룬˵ϣַȥʮףصĻҳɳʯҳһ޴ӣ
һ֣һ֣һӾͽһСǿ߸ˣ
Ԫһɫƽûкķ˿һ㣡ʵϣҲȷʵûкķʲôΪĹƣǽԣҲǷѣ
ʱһĿϡ޾Ĳ˼;㵣ŽӴԶõʱ䰡Ų̶̵Ƭ̶̵̣ʱ䣬Ȼͽһµĳ̶ȣһ̬


619 ̵ֶ
ޱߣͨ󡣼ÿһ˶֪Եǿ
ԣҲΪ£ΪɬΪѶġѰҪԣ֮ѡ
˷ԣͬʵӳҲһڣһƷƺѾ˵֪
ŲƬ֮䣬Ѿĵزڷ𷨷Ե֮ϵ裬ܼ
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˫ȶţһ亹Ϲ˼ĿԪ
ʱСӲŷ·һԼһֱƲİƷˡʵƺԶԶԼеô򵥡
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Ҿֻ㱾𣿻أһйְ
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ʱ˿̵ԪСӵǰѾһ̬ĴڡʵҲʲôر֪ˡ
ǾƷ˾磬Сǿߣ϶βߡ֮һֱԪȥֻΪԪһƷˡΪԪܹԼƿ֮¡
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ǱܵķӦС͵תһȾܣ
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СӵĲҽ쳹ȴԽԽԶԽԽԶģҲˡ

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οСУͷˣӲԼѰҷزءɱ˲գֱۣ¡
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һǱһСǿߣû뵽ȻᱻһƷ˴򵹣
㾹Ȼɱҵˣȥɣ
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һȭȻֻת˲֮۶ɵġʵȴǿޱȣ֮ǿᣬԴݿ࣡ݻһУ
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ȻԪ˳һ
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һ촫˹ԪһϵĹͷȻȫѿ촷ۣȻԪһӣ
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ٴαԪݺ˵ϣȻضѿһ޴ӣ
У¸ǴϣѪӿҪվȴû
ѪÿԪﾡǷŭĺ⣡ܹɱˣԪѾ˼Σ


ҧģ飬·޲ýԪƤѪԪʬˣ
飬Ԫȴ·Ӷתǰһϣá
ǷҵˡҲͨС๦ͽС๦ڸҰɡ
Ԫӵӡ
Σ
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ӵķӦԪȻ֪ӲɽС๦Լ
ǣԪȴеǰ취ԸӡԪҽƣܿӵ֮䣬ȵĳططƺΪһط
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ԪЦԽµתӳ˽ϣģ۳һǱķâһӾõӻ¶ɴ۾ԪоԪŵ׵ģһһи£һɲǣҪԼΪıиˣ

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ȻƷ˵ʵȻ˵̨õһ֣
ЩСѾвٵʱˣ̨Ҳвغáȴûп顣ȻһοԵõԣ
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СӾͲ˵ˣһƷˣԣѹһƷˣҲرѵ顣
ǴȴС簡ȻҲһƷɸѹסˣ
һٴξ˵Ҫ֪ЩǿߵǿߣǿǸ߸ϵġǿǾԾԲǿߵĶ֣ǵļ֮Уɽʷ֮У񻹴ûз顣
һСǿߣȴŰúһͷŰһͷ磡
һһĿԪϡǻûпһˡ
Եǿ󣬶ǿ־ǿ󣬶һޱȡ
һˣûɽͷպɾǿߣضһλӡ˿Ԫʼ˵ǱպһɾǿߣɽȽȽ𡣿»Ϊɽһ𳬼ħͷ


620 ָɽ
Ԫ־ͷԵҿԪĲ̣ҲĿš
Ԫʼմһ˿Ц⣬ͬĴһ㿴ӡĽţ֣ȴ̵˴ӵϣһһ£ÿһ¶
һѪڴӵɣЩ̵̷þëȻ˵۳һϸС룬ȻӴӵĽֺͷȥʮָģʹ˻ˣҪ˵Գܣ
תͷȥһԪֶ̫̬ˣĥӣȴܹзִаյıסӵӴڼʹ֮УȴֲΪʹ
һ˹ЪĲҽУõò˼ƤˡӺüζɱȴûһγɹ
ĥʱˡ
һƷʵ̫̬ˣôӳһٰʮʹʹÿһֶġûа취ֻܹ
𣬱ŪˣңҽС๦㣬㣬㡭
ÿԪ
˵Ͳóôͷˡ
Ԫһ΢Ц˴ӣĿ⽻㣬ͨšӸκαС๦ڸԪԪϸϸһС๦ûд֮󣬵˵ͷѾʹֵزˣҲǲԼġ
ԭС๦޷С๦պһɽÿһ˶֪С๦ġ㻹ʶ࣬Ҿնɱ꣬иתĻᣡ
ԪڻֻǰƷ˾磬ûдﵽСΪԻ޷С๦ȹ٣С๦Ҳһġ
ԪɫһͻȻһӿնӵ֮ϣһǰδеĺõ˲ɴ۾ʵȻͨһͷԵ˵ϣԪһ֮£̼һغˣ
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ԪɱһֻնɱԷһϾʵرǿˣתͶ̥֮ǲǵǰġͬҲ޷Լ
ʵǿ֮ˣһҪնɱԷġرǴɾǿߡЩˣ궼ɱ׾ͻתˣžһ޴в
ӰǱնɱ꣬𣬾͵ڳˡԼֻ겻ԻܹٶȻصɽ硣
뵽ӰԪֿ˿С硣عһ·Ǽޱȣһһڵ˰Ʒ˾硣
С֮УٵõһЩԵͻƾƷҲʲôܡͻƾƷˣȻȹ٣ͿӵʵˣС磬̤ɽǿߵż
ҪСʵϹиϹž綾ȵʮϹЩϹʵԪʱôǱȻ֮ǽԼѪɽ磬Լָտɴ顣
عɽôãԪǰĵ·ǿʼˡһһУֻҪͰ࣬ӭս죬һѩǰܵӾͲԶˡ
ԪȻ˿һЩҴˡԪһĿ⿴˹ȥЩһһȻͨͨϹȥڲȻǶԪȺˣ
䣬
ԵԵޱȣ𿪶

һһ˹Ԫ˵ǹޱȣϻ̳Ͽ֡
ǲʶԪʵӼʶԪ̵ֶΡ֮в˿ԪֻģҪƷҪԸô졣ȫ˼򲻹Ԫһָ
ԪЩ˵սսʶϷһɨ¿˸顣һһؽӣż飬ҪȥһЩʲô
ԵʲôǷԵǺͷԵͷԵŲɾ˾磡
ֻҪԵͿԵõһЩıһЩ˵ͷһûзı
ԪϸϸһɨӣҪʲôûС˸飬ȴʲô汦Ҳûҵ
ܹС֮УֻǷѡԵ֮˵һССżܹܲõĻԵҪܲС֮ͨĿ顣ȻЩڷԵ֮ԶԶϸûеõһԪôĶ
С绹Щطܴڷ汦
Ԫ˹
С֮ӵеıɲô򵥡ֻ൱֮ĴڡϹ̲طӲ֮ءЩԪֵȥѰҵġ
Ϲö˵ʹʵǿڷӡ͸˲ãǷ浱Ϊɵģ֮
һһöӣӼʮΪҲǴµǷڷöܹ̤֮ɾʵԭڣ
˵̨⣬ڶ߻ָɽ˵Ϲͷӡ
߻ɽд˵еϹϹЩΪı
ǴзԵ֮ˣһСдչͼġҪܹõӺϹͻͻɾֱָտɴ

ԪǰЩ˲æҲŴ˹
ָɽ
ɽ
ԪüͷָɽɽӦöǷɵġʲôϹԪûȤϹսͷԪȤȴ֮
ԪһϾŶߵķ˹ȥ


621 Ϲս
ϹԪûô˵ϹսԪȴšħ񣬶ʵǷʵںĽ֮УȴھԵƣȫ潫ѹƵģһԭϹս
ͬȼʵĽ֮£Ϲս޷ơΪϹսԷӳʮս
Ҳ˵һСʵʩչϹս㹻ʹʵǿʮʵԭħ൱ӵϹսʵһӾħʮ
ʲô
һȭԭֻܹһɽϹսȴ춼Դƣ
Ϲ֮УϹսɱ֮һȻ˵Ԫṳ̂磬ȽϹսõҲ
ȵԼһ̤磬ʩչϹսʱʵ֮ǿȻԶʤˣЦͬȼȫ⣡
ڷӣͬޱȡԪڱҩţļƷ鵤ЩƷ鵤ͷӸ޷ȣ
һöӣԪڱõƷ鵤ˡ
Ԫһ·Ŷ߷ӣⱼӵͬʱʶҲǷӿС֮УһָɽӶȥŲҲǷ׷ױӶȥ
һһ
ϹսͬӶС֮ڵڶˣ
㱼һҹһָɽȻǰԶԶȥͺָͷ֮ͦ䣬״ֱָ
ָɽ֮ϣһŻɫķԶԶȥɢŽɫĹâգޱȣ
ԪĿɫ֮ϣͱסΪоɫ֮£̲ŵ޾
·̫ţǿ޷󡣶ڷԪԪ̲סһ߹ȥ·ֻҪõǻɫ֮µܹԪ̥ǣʵһһɳһ㣡
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ѵӾͲǻɫ֮²ɣ
ԪﲻɵüʵϣСһ֮Ԫ͸оС֮صԼڵ̨ϵԣصţȴԼǰȥȡһ㡣
ָɽ֮Զĵطһһ˶µʼǰָɽԪüͷҲµȥ
շпٶȵָɽôЩ˶ѡߣѵָɽϻŽƲɣ
ԪŵʱͻȻͷһƵ˹

һҽһ֪ôľƷ˷ж˭֪һײָɽĽϣڵһ£һܵĻ棬ֱӽһƷ˷յøɸɾȻ궼ˣһսĺζ
ԪҲǾĲѡ
ǰʶ鿴һûзκνƵĴڡȴû뵽ƾȻصһҪܹƵ
Ҳѹ֡ڽƹǿɲһǿᣬӰٽƵ֪ʶǴӷһЩؼѧġӰֻѧ˷ƤëѾˡӲҪ˵÷ˣĽƣһǿᣬӵĿ£
Уǲ֪ߵغָɽҲҷУ
ǡ˭ָ֪ɽǷӡӵĵطҲµģָɽеģĽ࣡
ʲôˡǴ˵ҲҡСУĵطָɽˣٷ֮ʮˣǴƶģ
ǰǰþʮ˴ʯϣʯŪˡǾһǰͺ̵ĸϹϾָɽп̲Ӱ
󣬲ָɽˣͲҪ˵ԼСˡָɽһûзԵĵط

һһ˹
СѾ꣬ӭ˲ٵķԵ֮ˡЩԵӣǳΪСĶӻ¶С֮С
Щ˶СϤĲУΪ˵ΣרŴɫԵ֮ǰѰ
ֻСһ޴ıⲻȴзԵ֮СҵƺܹС磬ֻǷĵһӡ󣬶ܲСջȴĿǷзķԵȻ۹⼫ޣÿһ˶ܹС֮еõġ
һ˶Ӹߴѡ˲СԪƷ˾磬һȺԵ֮֮Уǲۡ
һ·ţ˳ɳʯ·ָɽϡߴվָɽԪǰ
ûûвݣûκֲֻһƬͺͺɽ塣һָ߽ɽܹظܵŨһڣ崺ĸо
Ԫ˿ΧĲˣǻ¶н㡣ָɽ֮ÿһ˶񱻷֡ڽŷĶӡеƣһɨգȡ֮Ƕľ
ɽһǿߣҲɽȱ֮ˡ֮ʱ·ӥ㽫ԼϵιӥսȴּԼ˫մȾѪʹԼҲɱ¾֮ˡǽԼΪӡ
ĹɽţзڵĻɽѾħؿסˡɽÿһ˵涼Ǿ޴Ķˣ
ϵģʥģԪһĬĬָɽжȥָɽϣԡŷĹâоԼһӶһһзƺֻ⾻Ĺޣһ׵ʥء
ֻǺܿһ˹ԪԷʥصӡ
ԣ·ҿҪ··ƣ
һǰƮ˳Ȼ·ٵ


622 ̰
ԣ·ҿҪ··ƣ
ԪλԳʥߵָ̬ɽϵʱһͻȻǰð˳
Ԫ˶һŲ˲ͣסæܴɨҪѰԴܶǹͺͺһƬɽΧҽмʯͷһ۾ͿԿ飬аӰ
ԪһȺ֮УһԳģɷǣƺǵһָɽˣȥǰһʯͷ˱֣һģһƷ˾ǿߡ
ʯǰľˣҪǰָɽǰͨСһС˼
һľ˵󣬴ӻȡһǿɫĴʯͷǰ
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Ԫһ˵ϣҽĵطΪģת˲֮䣬Щӿγһ޴Ĳһ㣬񼤵һ˲֮䣬ľ֮ϣ


һ˲֮䣬켸ͬʱԭڵľ˲䳹ױ߽⣬ģǿģĹƣһɲǣɢȻԪǷӿ֮Уһ޴ˮӿʮ׶ߵˣȻľ˺Ĵȥ
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ľѾûʱȥһƷôôǿʵˣֻ֪Լҽת·ӵĻֻ·һ
ľ˵ķӦôһΪתһɲǣԪһѾȻ£ͺ纣һĴžһ£ֱӽľָɽϣ
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޴ΡָɽԪһһĴҲȻһ£˵һ㣬ضþòƽϢΧʮ߽Ҳ͵һĶҪˣ
һһĿɿڴĿ⾪㵵Ԫϡǰһ룬ǻΪľ˵ľ֮£һƷǱˣ
һ̣棬ƾͳ׵Ťת˹һƣİľ˵ǿὣȻľҲĴ˵ϣһˣ
ֿµʵ˵սľǾͻɵǣһССİƷôӵֲ˵ʵ
ľ˵峹ױɽʯ֮УӰˡֻſµĵطһƬѣɳʯĽȻģһɹѪӿԲʮ׵ĵطȫȾˣ
˵Ŀ׷ݵĵطľ˵š
ܣܣľǾƷˣ־ͨͨľôһƷƷ
ܣܡ
ľʹ˳ƺͷʹҪ˰죬ȴûܹվȻ۵һһѪ³һӣȴһҲû˷Ӧ
Ʒ˸ղŵһ֮£Ȼֱˣ
Ԫʶӿľʬڵķλɨ˼£ȷľû˰һһֻδ˹ȥȻһץ
һӣԭľȥԪȫԪץ˻ľ˱ӵеķԴԪȫԪչһգ
ҳûԼĶһҪʮĴۡԪɫһһɨĸ߽ˣ


627 
ԪһĿ˹һӾõʣЩ߽˻´һսȻ֮Увٵˣﵽ˾Ʒ˾ʵȼҪ֮ԪҪһ
ԪǾһ˵Ŀ־塣
ɣ⣬ǲСļ񵽵Ԫȫ㡣
ЩһһηηæͽЩԪ׷˳طԪǰ
ԪɨǰԪ֮ǰľõЩЩԪԼʧˡ
ǲۣ𣬻£ûʲô£Ǿˡ
ԪǰЩǿﻹҶȥæһһţתҪ뿪Ǹһת͸оǰһɾ޴ѹȺ޾ѹǾȻ÷ֺˣ
зҵԪ߾ߵĵȽϵĶͬ·ɡ
Ԫ˹

ԪĻЩ߽ɶһû뵽һ͵ʴˡԪ˵ĻҲҲֻһһϵĴȥȻһһϵ·ȫ˳
Ƭ̣Щ߽ȫ˹ˣһ˿ңվͷҿԪһۡ
ԪüͷʶϵĴ֮һɨЩ߽ϵķԪֻҪЩûҶѡ
ֻɨһ飬ȴûзҵټ
˭ָɽֹҵ䣿
Ԫ˳
ң
Щ߽ƺڻš
ʯͷ϶ܹһֻӡָɽһʮöңû
ǰõҿȥʯﻻȡԽ࣬ȡĹԽǿһǧöһԻȡϹսأ
Ƕû˵
Щ߽˶׷ҡͷָɽҪѰҷһԵģԵ֮ȴƺϲǡС֮Уʲôûҵװ׵˲֪ٵԪֱǵòʧڲ˵ָɽһجΡ
ˡзҵϢֻ˵ոտûгɹӡѾбˡ
һСȻ̧ͷ
ţ
С˵ĻԪĿ˹ȥ·ҪС˿ˣԪĿһСֻûһƬ䣬һ˿ҳĳԪǰȻʲô뷨ʲôͷԪ
ԪһûзСѡ
ʣԪˡϴȥǱͣ
ԪСˡ
ʲô𣿡
С˵ɴ۾һŵ顣ǽʮöԪȻȫԼƷ˾Ȼ˴󷽣
С˲ԥ˵һ³˹ȥæЩԪ뻳ʮöԪӶܵõĲƸ
һЩ˿ĽʼɺޣǴʱҲֻиɵ۶ʼɵķݣȴҲûбİ취
ȵС˽ЩԪ󣬱Ԫǰߵķˡ
Ǳ͹ʮˣҸǾƷˣʵǿȷֻҪһǰȥ𣿡
һ߸ȥС˵ǵ˹ﵹĹԪЩԼ
Ԫʵ򲻹ǱͣҪǴ´ࡣԼͲˡҪŭǱͣȴֻɥһ³
С˺òײŵõʮöԪɲΪͰС͵ˡСպΪء
ֻǰ߾ˡ
Ԫ˹
Ӧݵһֻ֣ʯ֮УѰݸԪͷӵ飬Ӧò⡣
ֻǲ֪ʯΪʲôҪһǧöҲܹϹսϾûĻκ˶ǲܵõһǧöҵġ
Ԫ˼֮ʱСǰסˡָָߵһСĴָɽϣһ£±ϻȻվʮ߸ַ󵶵ĵͣһһ˫Ŀ񣬻ɢŰԵǿѹ·֮ͦһ㣬ӦþǱˣ
ǾǱͣҪҵˣ
Сͣ˾ǱǧĵطǰˡƺⱱͺǾ£

ԪӰһǱ͵ķӶȥ
ԪХȥӰСҧҧæ˼˸طһ˫۾͵͵ǰ
Ԫʵǿ̬ⱱҲͬԿһСǿߣС綼Ǽģ
ҪǶսһ治֪˭ǿ˭Сſ˰Ŀš˫˭ǿ˭һ϶ذضɽҡʱ򣬻ܹûЩˡ
С͵͵š֮УԪںⱱ͹ͨšǻû˵䣬ǱоͳˣԪˣȻԪ˿ӦĻᣡ
Ȼˣ̫ˣܾˣ򰡣򰡣
С˫ð⣬ЩڶԶҲ±˷ֻ֡ϣܾˣȻܹҸ
ֻǳϵǣƬ̵Ĺ򣬶̶̵Уʮ߸ǿײеı;ȻȫҽһֱͨӴϵȥˣѪĽѪɣ
Ȼȫˣ
С˵ɴ۾ֱһĻķ͵׹û뵽ԪǰȻ˵ĲһɱǾƷľˣȻֽʮ߸ͣƷ˵ʵһαһǿ


628 ǿ
ʯﻹǾػָɽ£ͬһʯͷ˿ƾ紵ƾ󣬺ľһʯͷһ㡣ǧ뿪һҲҡһݡ
żָɽʱʯŻۡһթȻǱزٵġҲƺΪʯΨһȤڡ
˴Լʱ䣬Ԫһɽϻλʯǰһƨֱ
ʯǰҪңһǧ
Ԫһһһɫұ˳ʯǰһһȻͶѻһСɽ
תһֺ󣬾˵Ũζ˱Ƕ˲ֻ泩ĸо·Բ֮ڣԡŨ֮һ㣬˺񱻽Ȫ֮У
ң㾹Ȼҵôң
ʯȻۣһץ˹ȥסһңһȥ񼸰ûԹöһ㣡
࣡
࣡
ʯԵĽζ
ɫָɽΨһÿޡҪָɽҵһǧöɫңǲܵ顣ΨһܹһǧöɫҵģҲֻˡ
˿ȷʵǰԪСˡ
ʯת
ʯ˵㻰ȻһϹսһǴǿ͸ɡ
ʯڻһʯͷԪǰȻһץЩɫȫ˹ȥһ̬ͬһ˵ϡ
ԪܿͱƴСʯͷĹ⻬ӡżϸСĽɫۡһһͬһ㡣飬ȷʵȫݡ
ԪϸţһϹսޱȣ̲̫ŵϢһɨӹȥ󣬾ԵİȷʵǼǿ󣬲ȴʺڵԪΪЩϹֻдﵽʵſ
һǿϹսͬԭȻûϹսǰǿԵͬҲǲɶõսͨԪڲǰƷ˾磬ǿոպã
áȻˣҾͽϹսǿǿϹսݻ˵ɹʹʵ֪ǲôǿ
ԪţɴҲѧʯ˵ϣһӡǿʯͷǰ
Ԫʯһ˫۾еؿԪƺЦ⡣
飬ǿоΡȷϷԤ֮˵Ĳ衣һԪȫ˵һ֪ڶܹܲɡ
ʯﾫܿ۾ô꣬ܵһܵԤ֮˵ҲںһʱȷϡϾԤ֮¹شݲκʧ

ǿĿھûϹսôɬԪɾܹ۾ڵĬĬŴǿĿھתһεһһسˢ
մǿ˵תֹܹʹ˰ʱԪͻȻվһȭֱǰȥ
䣡
ԪһȭŰգһǧһ޴ʯϣ
һʯһ£ȴûбѣ
ԪüͷǰǿĿھתģôûеõء
һȭûмӳתǿû
Ԫɵÿ˿ʯӸԼһּٵĹԼɡ
ԪЩɻΪԼת·ʹǿû𡣿ĳЩ򲻹̰ɣԪٶȳĬĬתÿһκȥǿûаáʵҲ˿ûܵǿöøǿ
üε֮Ԫʼնûܹӳǿ
ʯǰǿϹսݻɵôҸо˿ǿ
Ԫʯǰ
ʯȴûпԪһۡ
ϹͬӣһҪԵġԲ޷ǿİ壬Ȼ޷ӳ
ʯ˵˳Ĭ֮СǿϹսݻɵģɱǿҪܹգ⻹ʲôͨһԪδҲ̫һЩˣƺ̫ʺиΡ
ԪΪԼԸͨ㲻ˣûǿԼһɶӲ
ԪϸϸִĦǿ飬ôҲֲе֮
ʯʵԼǿҪŪһٵĹԼԪҲ޿κΡһʱ֮䣬ƿ֮УԪǰδеƣͷգɴ˵ϣ˼
ָɽֻΪѰԵڿԵƺǸ׼ġ
ûеõϹսıִǿҲˡָɽԼǰһˡ
ԪŵʱкȻһ˻֮һ˻̶һӶҪ˺ƿһ㣡Ԫ̧ͷֻڸ߿УһֻӴĺӥ׷һֻɫС
ӥɫСٶȶ֮죬رɫСһһХԶԶýͷӥ˦˺档ߵľԽԽԶģӥǲ׷ɫСˡ
ԪΪӥҪ׷һĻʱ򣬴ǰһͻȻζʱӥ˫ͻȻһ֮ϣתǿⳡײһȻһɷ֮ǿ쫷練ϣ
̼䣬ӥٶȱʮȻһ׷ǰɫСһץץ£ֱӽɫСסХȥһʧԪǰ


629 Ԥ֮
һĻԪȴסˣ
ӥٶԭͱȲɫС񣬵Ϊ쫷ķһ˲ס
쫷ںӥɫС˵ͬʱڵġǺӥǿĵط֮ɫСó쫷ķ
ʹԼٶ˲䱩ŵԳɹƼ࣡
Ԫɵ˴ǿ
ǿĹתʹñʵʵƾնģȴͬӥһ㣬
ǿ壬ھڵǱܣǽƻΪã
ƺͻȻʲôԪﾫէ֡ȻٴοǿʱĿ˴ǿϣһһϸϸȥȴǿԼǰ⾹Ȼȫһˣ
һǶȣһ˼ά⹦ҲǷ˷츲صı仯ÿһַÿһ֣˷츲صı仯
ԭˣԭˣ
Ԫһʲôһ֮ƳΧһΪһһ㡣˻Ȼ֮У֮УΧһһгΪһһ㣡
ĺΧĺΧΪΧȻһ֣ΧȻ񶼳Ϊһ֣Ѫˮ׵ףһ壡
ģؼ䣬ƺܲԪĴڡѾʧˣʧ˿УʧһƬС
ԪʯȻۣԪ¶˾̾ɫʯҲû뵽ô̵ʱڣһԪȻ˴ǿİ塣ǿİ壬ʯҲ㻨ʱղ򰡡û뵽һԾȻ֮ǿᣡ
Ԫһֻ۾ÿһֻ۾鲼ΧĿռ֮УţΧһС
һƬؼ䣬ûǿķ紵Ԫȴܹܵÿһطƣ
ÿһط̲ƣÿһطƶһˡƴӸߵĵط͵ĵطͻγ΢ķ硣
֮ĲԽͻԽ
ƾľۼ˳ƵƸߵĵطƵ͵ĵط˳ƶΪʱͻӱ෴ģ˳ƹʽɱͻͣ
ⲻǼ򵥵ĵӣΪһƴΧҲǻ˲Ϊ֮һ䣬ʱܹһƵı仯˳Ƹı䷽򣬱ᾭһɢ棬ǣռ䣬õռƶΪԼã޾ƺƵ
ڴǿĿھУŻΧΪԼõĿھתǿ䶯켣ΧƵϣдﵽĳĬȻһȭʱ򲻽ڵŷҲӣ
ȻȻһȭʵᱩԪһȭǳʼǿһַŴ;ΧƵںʹһȭͺñһ˵֮󣬾һЩ·Ŵ󣬻ﵽһĽ
ԪǰֻתڵȴƵϣȻɱ磡
ֹ˰ʱԪ͵վʱǰ˫۾ǰ̤һ
һֻ̤ƽƽͨͨһ̤Բ֮ڵĵطռƶΪ֮һ䣬֮ڵпΪһ㣡γǧսƴǧһƬƵ
ȻԪһȭƽĴ
ϸؿȥᷢһȭǼ򵥵һֱߣ෴ģڰת䣬仡ߵķһȻһ֮ϣ
ɲǼ䣬صƶˣֻһȨƣһĻߣѹϣȴһ·ϣܲ޾Ļ
Ȼһ£һƺȻǧһӲޱȵʯϣ
һʯԪһȭһȭȥȴֻܹ΢Ĳ񡭡

һ¡쳹һӲޱȵʯȻѿ촷Ƭ׷Ȼѹ촷ۣ
սǿȻ
Ԫսȭͷ¶Ц⡣ǿȻЩ֮õʵӱ
Ԫ˿ԱߣʯҲۡ
ʯһֱڿԪ飬ȻǴǿһԪѾȫ˷Ԥԡ
ɹ˴ǿպ̤磬ϹսҲȻɵ顣
ǿֻܹԲ׵ΪԼãϹսȴԽԲΪԼãеĲ𣬲ͬնϹսһһս
ʯվԪǰһ˫ĿԪϣҪԪ˸׿һ㣡
Ԫǰɡһת֮ٶȷɽ磬ԺʵȻͬСɣ
ʯϵ˹
⣡
Ԫһû뵽ʯͿ͸Լݡ
㲻õģҲˡҲ顣ʵϣСĿȴ˾㡣
ֻǰһֱȷǾңǿĿ֮ȴȻȷһˣ
ʯŵԪԪ˴ǿ˷ԤԵ֮ʱ򣬵ǿԺԪ̯ˡ
ʲô
ԪҲ̧ͷһ˿֮ɫСĿȻΪԼ
һȥ֮ԤԡܹȻħԹδħؾ֮ʣһԤ֮˳֡
ħ񼴽֮ʱұ㽫С翪ȴԤ֮˵꣬Ȼȵ㡣һ˵ľľɡԪ𡣡
ʯ￴ԪЦ⡣


630 
һ
ԪϸĥĸƺԪڵԪȷʵһ߹ġɽѩһһȷʵǶ
ԪɵСԼָоȷʵͺС֮ʲôڵȴԼһ㡣ٵķԣٵָɽһжԪһϤĸоû뵽ЩǷԤԺõġ
һһһֻܴﵽСɾΪһʵǿѾǰȵġպΪضԴﵽ磬ӭսħ񡣡
ħ֮УԹ޾ĺڰ֮Уǿµ񡣶ʵԽԽǿ󣬽Ͼȡ²꣬ͻճʱ٣ʵɨ£ɽ缸ܵУ
ԣޣ
ʯϵ˹
ԪһУŷ·Ȼһ㡣ԭһУȻġѹֵƷ˾쾹ȻҷԼѹô̵ʱڣȻͻСɾ磬ԭΪħħһµĶ֧ţȻ޿֣
꣬ʱ䣡
Ԫսȭͷ
ʱʵ̫̣̫ˣŲƷ˾磬٣ɾٺبǰҪȹѣڵ죬ʱ䣬ȹ֮һѣҪ˵ؽˣ
ҪǣԪʱڣԪͻɾʵﵽСɾ磬ҲԲħĶ֣
СɾɾɾС硣磬ѾΪˣۣ֮
һСɾǿǲܺǿ߿ģ
˵ԪһħĻɽûһ˿֮ΪСΪɽ磬Сɾǿ⣬ɾǿ߶ûУһûУ
磬ֶΪӹŵֻзħ˴ﵽˣ˲ǿǰ޹˺ߣ
ԪҪԸħ񣬾Ҫڴﵽħͬȵʵֱȵ컹Ҫѣ
ԪоһǰδеĴɽѹ˶Ϣĸо͸ָо֮һֻҪǿᣡ
ħ񾭹ôʵѾ֮ڴǰǿﵽɾ磬õȫΪҲδܹĶ֡Կħİ취
ʯٶȿԪ
ʲô
Ԫ̧ͷ
һꡣɽǿܹﵽΪ۷ֻСɾ磬ȴҲûһܹͻ磬ֵħ⡣Ϊħܹ֮ﵽ磬ֻԵʡ
ʯɫͻȻ
һ컯ԴԶԶֲܹô򵥡ǿӺӵԿסҲ˵֮ţ֮ŵԿף
ʯ
ʲô֮Ĵڣ
ԪﾫšԿһϵĴ˵ûʵֹȴû뵽Ȼģ
ֽ飬ħֱΪ飬˷򱻳Ϊ顣ԭʼֹһֽ죬һֽ𣡡
ħõ֮ȡ֮ڵ޾֮ʵʼ˻;ﵽʵͼҪɽ磬޾Ȼ֮ã
ֻǵʱ飬ȻŽħѹ
õ֮Ϊɷ֮Ҫ𡣵ȴԷʵҲ޷顣ںڷӣ̲ŵĴ֮Ƿ㽫Ļ֮ӡֻ˴֮ҲΪ
ڵõ飬ǷѡԤ֮ˣΨһһԶԿħˡǷʵ޷ħУ̤ɾ֮󣬱Կڵ֮ţõӵϴʱ򣬲ʵɳĿʼ
ԣڵ֮أǻס飬Ȼ磬ɾ磡
ʯｫԪԺԪҲϸϸظšʯｲԶʱĹ¡
ⶼѾһǰˣȻ˵ԪǰһʱšʱֻһСɾǿߣЩûжٵ˽⡣һЩ£Ҳǵ;˵ԶԶûʯ˵ʵ
ԪʯĻǻȻ
һǰħĶԾ˭Ҳûܹնɱ˭Ȼ飬ӡħ񣬵ȴûܹɱ
Ϊ޷ħǱҪһ֮ȥлϧͬҲûгɹ˭֪һħʼҪճˡ
ȫʵͼԵ֮С磬̳ʵԴ˶Կħ
һеһУȻİšԪٴοָɽڲŲƷ˾ʵܹõȫʵȻָܻ浱ٹ⣬һӴﵽΪ٣һСС绹ǿԴﵽİɡ
Ԫҡҡͷ
ʱ̣ȻǿӡʱΪһӡСĽҲضʧ
ʱָɽȫһᾪɽ磬ɾǿ߶ӵˣ
ԪƷ˾ʵ˵ռݷȫʵСסСǷԼϱ⣬Ԫڵʵȴܹáֻӵ㹻ʵܹ⿪ָɽķӡ


631 ŷ
û
ʯ˹
ԪŲƷ˾ʵǲȫʵġһ⿪СķӡὫɽɾǿˡҪǱˣħأʱ򣬵õָɽµķӣħǰѣǾغƽ˲٣Ҳֻ·һɽ磬ǧС罫һƬͿ̿ûдﵽСɾʵ֮ǰ㲻ָܹɽķӡ
ҸҪһԭǣҶ޷⿪ָɽķӡֻһԵ֮ˣܹ⿪ָɽķӡ
ʯϵ˹
һԵ֮ˣ
Ԫһ
һԵ֮ˣǷоת
ʯ￴ɽķɫء
о
ԪҲ·ʲô
оĵʣԪҲ˵
ŵ֮ʱᰮ飬ҹҹҹ̹ɣʳڼһŮĽ棬Ǳ㻯һɫоҹ
ڷ𷨰֮ʱоҲ𷨰壬ŷһõɡ
ȡ壬оҲʧɽ֮Сû뵽ھȻֳˣ
оתǾͨϹ֮ˡֻзоתָܹɽӡңϹҲϹսĿǡǷΪ޾ʵΪ׼ġˡ
ʯΪָɽػ֮ˣһ֮УҲ޷뿪ָɽ벽ҲǷԼңΪĹڡ
ԪѾͨ˷ԤԣֻҪҵоתȻоõϹΪԤ֮ӡʱжʮöӽ㣬ͻ磡
ʯ￴Ԫ
ʲô
ʮöӣ
ʯĻԪԣüһ
̲޾ķǴµǴʦͲõöӣһһԵͻСɾ硣ʯһθԼʮöӣҪǳԼʵǻɳһȿµĵزͻƾƷˣӭ٣Ҳûпܵ飡Щӱ֮ԼڱڵҩõЩƷ鵤֪ǿ˶ٱ
оתģɽ绹ǧС磿
Ԫѯ
оתǧСĻôҪѰͼ鷳ˡϾɽ֮ˣ޷ǧСġԪֻܹȵоɽ硣
оתҲС֮СҾͿ㿴ģ
ʯһͻȻһǰһģ
ʯһǰһģǰĿռȻһã̼䣬һһĻ棡ˮεĿʼƽ
Ԫ˹ȥǷоתպҲΪԼǿѡ
ֻһϱãģһһµĸŮӣӺݻһֺ󣬾˵ĸ߹ޱˡ绪þеĴ޷׵һ㡣˿һۣƲ۾ֹĤݵĳ嶯
ϸȥһžϤӣɱ;ޣȻ½Ĺŷˣ
ŷˣ
ԪһסЩˡôҲû뵽ŷˣ
ھ֮ʱѰңҲûҵŷ˵䣬Ϊŷ˱׽Уˡû뵽С֮УȻ˹ŷˣ
ҹŷ˾ȻǴ˵еķоת
Ԫļƣ嶼ЩŷûһС֮УʵȻﵽС磡
һϤӰԪɫϲ͡ҪùС֪ŷû֪ж࿪ģѣû뵽ǺԼйصķԵ֮ˡ
Ƿоת𣿡
Ԫÿʯʯȷ
ǷоתйŷˡϹԪҪ飬ǰõϹ
ʯϵ˹
ҪõϹȴôס
ʯ֮С
֮УãȻ˹ŷµһƬƣȻƵĶ棬ƯһƬƣ֮ϣվһһ£ֳȵ湫ӣ
湫ӣٷ磬еӢһݾɾޣھµķâŻϸȥֻʵɲ⣬ȻҲһСǿߣ
˽ǷڷҵĵӡȻֻСʵһΪͨ죬ͨƻľ֮ԶԶѰСǿߣԿȴǿߡ
ʯ˹
ƻľ֮ȴ磿
Ԫһ
νƻľ֮һŲƶת֮һƴȥƻľɻ⡣˵ͬȼ֮£ûĶ֡㿴ŷˣͬȵʵŷڱѹƵģûз
ʯƵ˹
ʯﲻܹ뿪ָɽԾʵǿҲܹȥȹŷˡһУֻܹԪˡ
Ԫɫޱȡ֪ŷǷоתвŷǰȥɽȥϹˡ
ƻľټСʵŷ˲Ķ֣ԪȥˣҲԴ򲻹ġ
⵹ǺبԪǰһ޴⡣
͹ŷֻвĸʱͻᵽɽ÷ȡϹҪõڵˡûϹָɽķӡ޷⿪պûжԸħĳ롣Ԫڱǰȥŷˡ
ڴ֮ǰһҪ͸㡣
ʯ￴Ԫ
Ŷʲô
Ԫʯ
ʯʵǿһΪͨ죬͸ԼĶԲԪûа취Ը⾫ͨƻľķʯܹԼһ֮ĻǾٺòˡ


632 ӥ
ιӥһֻӥҲΪӥӥһõԵѾΪϹޡóϮӣ֮ɺҲ˿ѷɫҪܹõһֻӥʱŹŷ룬ǿɰѷ׷
ʯƵ˹
ӥȻɺ׵ٶȻҪ죿
Ƿӥںδ
Ԫæ׷
ӥָɽĴָɽ嶥ӥ̰ԣҪ÷ӥΪã׼㹻ԪʳջС
ʯЦ
Ԫеǡ
ԪĶȱΨȱԪͿöԪ
Ҫ÷ӥΪãһԪžͿ붯˰ɡ
ʯ
ʲô
һԪ
Ԫֻöһ¡ըѡһԪƣҪķѲٵʱ䡣ҪһԪⶼ֪Ǻµʱȥˡ
ңӴԪСƺԶԶΪɽҲǲСĸˣһԪӴĿȴòҲû뵽붯ӥȻҪôԪ
ģЩָɽҲչ˲ԪһԪﵹС㡣
ʯ˵꣬ͻȻһ̤˵ϡʱǰĴ͵һѣȻһɫĹӺХԪǰ
һӼӴݵʮվһǰδеۻҲɢ
ԪʶһɨȻͷڣȻ̲ԪƺƵޱȣԪӴԪһʱ֮䶼޷ͬɫ֮ڵԪȫһƬ󺣶ƽ
ԭʯָɽ̰ƣֻΪ˸Լ׼ԪģԪǰû뵽ġ
ãԪ͹ṼʯС
ʱȣԪҲ˲Ͽˡһץһ޴ĽɫӾСȻӰһֱŴĴָɽӶȥ
ԪȥıӰʯ̾˿
һҵԤ֮ӣѾһ롣Ժ飬Ѿܹƿصˡ
ħɽ֮ĶͷʱԷʵ޷սħ
־һ꣬ħճʵȱ֮ڴǰֲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
һԪܹսʤħ
ʯ̾˿浱궼޷׽ħնɱ涼飬¸Ӳܹˡ

ԪûôԶ֮ѾһǰˡԶʱڵĶԹʲôغƽҲܲôࡣ
ʯõϢȴ˷ޱȡ
龹ȻǴӵԿףֻҪʵ㹻ǿ󣬾ͿԴӡʱ򣬸ӰͲûпܡ
뵽Ԫͳɱ죬Ȼ󸴻ӰΨһҪ飡
Ԫӣܿ˴Ĵָɽ塣ɽϣһͷʯľ޴ӥ
һͷʮɸߵķӥ񳹵ױ绯һ㣬˸ߴһһʯԪʶһɨȻоκεϢ
ⲢǵιӥһֻӥǷӥഫĺһһС֮Уûȥ
ԪӴӥǰһȻʯȻ˼Ĵ˼£ʯķӥûа㶯
ԪǽɫӷӴӥǰȻ͵ؽҿ˸ӡ
һ˲֮䣬ŨޱȵȻɢˮһӿ˳ȥͷ·۳һɴ磬õԭضһ˵õﶼȻȻһ꣡£ضϴһһ㣬ն÷峺
֮£ԭѾʯķӥȻ۾һ˫Ԫ˹ܹԪ̴һ㣬һ̣Ԫ֮ϣͺ񼢿˼һ㣬̰ĹâȻ͵һ˹޴ӥȥһӾͽԪȫ̷ȥ
óԣóԣþûгԵôԪˡʯ˰ɡ˵Ҫñʲô£
ӥһһ̷Ԫһߵ
ӥǰҪǰȥһˡ
Ԫ뿴һֻӥŷһֻӥŲһƷ˵ľ硣ȴ⡣
һɫëзһ㣬γһһУĺХ֮ÿһëɢϵķ⡣
ԪɵϹǿӥҲǶƵϹޣһƣƶɣٶȻ޷
ңҪǣӥСʥС֮УƣԪշеĻᴥֽơӥȴ˿ûǡ
ӥȻСɴ
Ƭ̣ӥѾһԪȫȥתŵķŨˣ
ɡȥġֻһʱ乩ǲ
ӥԱ֮͵վȶźɫ˫ᡣιӥ֮󣬷ӥһ˷ߡһٶʱȥˣӥഫѾ˵顣ֻС֮УڷߣȴѾ˷ӥһӡ
ȥɽ
ԪһԾ䶨˷ӥĺ֮ϡûվȣӥӰһһ⣬һӾʹָɽʧˣͬһ˵磬ûд˿Ŀ
ٶȣͺ˲ƶһ㡣ֳʱͿռζֻƬɫëӸ߿лƮ¡
վԪղڵĵطǰȥȴڷԲ֮أԪͷӥӰӣ


633 
ɽСߣָɽңšС֮дϹһϹսһֱϹ
Ϲǿޱȣһ˼֮־ĲĻ޷ĺ
ԾʯǰҲǽָɽ£ǲʯǰлõϹ²Ԥı
ŷ֮ϣһ˪ɽķ˹ȥ
ɽɽӴ󣬺һֻ֮䣬ɽĶ壬һʯȻɢԶŵϢһƬհףһеʱռ䵽ȫֹͣסһ㣡
ڹŷ˵ԱߣݶеһµĻӣֳȣƮƮ˵ķǷڷҵĹӷ
ڷ͹ŷ󣬻ɫװľƷˣֳַ˫Ŀ棬ʾǿʵ˱ǷĸĽÿһ˶Ǵ֮ѡľӢ̳
ŷˣҷҶž綾С衣Ǹ˿Υ˼ľٶ̼ϣס
ɽԽԽƮƮҲ˹ŹŷˣҪùŷ֪СԼŷ˸κβ֮ģֻ·һ
ŷһֱǰɽķ򣬸ûпһۣ·û˵Ļһ㡣ֻɽϵ˷ᱮ
ھ֮ʱ׽ٽ٣ԭΪԼҪˡΣյʱ̣ͻȻһ⽵٣ŷ˳סڹŷ˻ûŪʲôʱȻһ˲ֱӶȹ˾죬˷֮С
֮շתŷҪѰԪ͹Сɵ䡣ɽ֮Ҳ߲ҲԪ͹СɵӰ
֮УȴԼ·ǧǧһ㣬˵ϤоϷ֮Уʲôڤڤָ֮Լ
ŷ˱һ·ڷѰ٣һ·ϰַ𷨡ͻһգƷ⽵һ㣬ȻԼǰ
ǰƣ
ŷû뵽ԼȻǷԱߵĵоתǰļ򿪣һеһУͬˮһӿ˹
ԼӰоԼС֮дڵԵǱССҪ͸ǰ컯
û뵽ķԵȻ֪ŷȻıأ˴սԭСʵǹŷȴԼΪԸ˷෴ģƻľȫԼĿǣԼʵԸ˷ֺ
и֮ʱŷ˾ͱСľ綾ͱЮвСѰϹ
ŷܹоԼϹ֮ĻԵͺϹרŵȺԼĵһ㡣
ڷоĹ£ҲԶԶԼҪ֪ס
ɽ֮˷ᱮ˷ᱮ֮£Ϲֻɽȴʲô˶ȥġ
һ˷ᱮɽȼ˻档˻һ˵ԪͻõգԽ˷ᱮԪͻյԽ죡˷ᱮȥʲôˣ˥
ɽֻйŷ˲ܹȥҲֻйŷ˲ܹõϹ
֪һԵɣ˲ŻЮֹŷɽŷ˵õϹ
ǰֻأŷ֪˷ᱮ֮£϶ԼһеӡǺʹеҪ֪ԼһֻΪʲô˫˷ᱮķ򣬺ѾȫˣûȥǷԼԱߣҲûԼȻ˷ľ綾
ֻҪ֪Լ·ɶ˻Ҳϧ
£
ڹŷ˷Ҫɽ֮ʱͻȻһХ֮˹Ȼ˺ؼһһ㣡ХŴһĴ͸õùŷ˷Ųһ٣ɵ÷׷񷿴˹ȥ
ֻڸ߸ߵ֮ϣһֻתŷľ޴ӥչӴޱȵ˫ᣬ޴ӣգ˶ضһӴķӥ֮ϣվһͦεӣȻֹŽʵķâ
ӥ
֮ϵľ޴ӥɫһ䡣
ӥǷʥصһзڵĵطͻзӥֻӥһԹƧġһվȻһӶģ
붯ӥƺҪһԪάַӥԪû뵽ȻóôԪ붯ӥ
ɫ˲ɱ˸šһһӥɽԼϹĻʲôģȻһǿĶ֣
ŷ˵ĿҲͬǾ޴ķӥ֮ϣԭ䣬һǷӥ֮ϵӰʱһסˡ
׵ľ룬Ԫ͹ŷ˾ңš죬磬˭Ҳû뵽ȻС֮ꡣ
ŷķʱ;ѰԪ͹Сɣһδʧգȴû뵽ɽǰˡͺϷĻԵһ㣬Ԫ֮ҲĻԵ
Ԫ
ŷԭž޲Ҳӿ˾ϲӰһҪԪӶȥ
ŷˣҵС綾Ҷ̾Ҫ
ڴʱ˹Ѿ˶ȡϹĹؼʱ̣ݲðʧ
ҪˣһӶòϹ
ŷһۣȴûĻֱԪӶȥӰһӿ֮£ԽԵӺݸ߹һŮԪȥ
ûõϹôȡԼŷ˶鵹˽


634 
ϤѣڰԪŹŷϴЦ⡣ŷҲԪ
þòˣȻͻС硣
ԪĿڹŷɨԽԽþģŷ˲ͻС磬СϵҲΪǷоתٶȾǾˣ
ŷ˺˪лԵ֮ˣ˪׵֮ŷǷоת˵ֱͺһ㡣ԪԼٶѾܿˣǺ͹ŷ˪ȴѷɫһԪȻʵɳȴԶԶǹŷ˺˪ȵġ
ԪΪҲ˰Ʒˣף
ŷƺʲôͻȻɫһһԪ˳ȥ
һҴӡ۶ɣ̲Ԫѹݿܹ࣬һһ㣡
ŷ̽ԼʵԪ᲻֪΢΢һЦʱӿȻ֮䣬ǰ۶һ͵Ľ磡
۶ɺ󣬹񶳽ӡһʱռһ㡣ŷ˵һҴӡȥһ羹Ȼ˿δ
ŰƷ˾磬Ȼӵµʵ
ŷϾϲԶơҲǴһƷˣСһһͻƶģ֪Ʒ˾С֮Ĳ𡣸ղΪ̽Ԫʵû˿ıû뵽һ֮£Ȼ˲Ԫֺ
ԪİƷ˾磬ƺѰ˵İƷһʵԶԶԼһС֮ˣ
ȻǰƷ˾磬ǶԸһС絹û⡣ˣô£в𣿡
ԪתͷĿǰӷ˹ȥʱҲԪ˹Ŀ⽻棬ԪܹԸоķâɱ
ǷŷҵˡС裬ҲòȥɽȡϹ˵ˡˣСɺͱ˪أôˣ
ŷæھʱͺԪɢˣżҵһŲ֪ڿԪȻСرǹСãɲС顣
Ԫ㽫ھ˵˹ŷŷսȭͷɫ䡣ھУżôˣһж캦ãһζҪֻеǹСɺ˪û顣
ˣԪ˵պδزܹǾȻ
ˣԺ˵һôԸ𡣡
Ԫ˿վ֮ϣƺЩȵòͷˡ
ϵľ綾ҿԽʱõϹֱ֮ҾˡҴ뿪
Ԫմ˵Լļƻ
ǡ
СǷŷҵĶŶҩ˷ңܽ⡣ȻԪ˵ˣԼûɲ
ҹŷҲ뽫ϹϹ¹شҪǽ˷𣬻֪ᷢʲô顣
ŷˣҷҾ綾ٲϹҾҪ
Ҳ֪ԪʲôˣɽǰŷͻȻԼĻ÷ǲˬҪŷԼУκһ˿ܹƵıֻҪõϹֱӽŷ˸ɱˣ
áԪһġҵõϹһߣ
ŷ˸մ˵ԪȻӰһ˷ǰ
俴Ԫֿ۹ŷˡ֪ŷ˺Ԫղ˵ʲôŷ˸˿ԼĵطͿҪ˹ŷ˵
ŷˣϣСڿҷҪҪҪʲôΪ͵Żɢɣ
ҧгݵ
Сӷŷ͵ģ˲ƶɣһһϹ涾һʹ˻Ȼγϣ̱ǰԵޱȵľ綾ǴǿҲ޷ôӴһ壬ҲӵһöС綾
С裬Լܽ⣬Ͳŷ˻ðΣԼ
ŷʼûȻǰɽ˹ȥ
ɽӴޱȣֱɽɽһ޴ķᱮߴͦΣƣԶŵһ㣬˷롣
ɽһּصĸоһۿȥԻ˿͸ȴֺܹ֮Уܶһ㡣ÿһɽǰ·ܹһЩԼǰӣȴֿУ͸ԽԽȥֻڴɽУȴʶ®ɽĿˣδ֪޿κΡ
ŷһɽ˷ᱮԽԽʱͻȻɽһȼγܵ޻棬һӽɽһɽɢ¶ȣ
£õ÷Բ֮һӷԪͷ𶼲ò˼
˻棬ԷһԪԲʮڣʼڷһЩҲܹ˲ڻ˹ŷ⣬ûκһܹܵס
Ϲ٣Ҳʶ١Ϲȴǵһμû뵽Ȼ
ϹƺΪ˹ŷ˶ġ˵ϹϹսĿǣպŷʱضѹң
ԪɵѰ˼ĥ
ϹȻǷͬСɵġϹսԪѾʶˡԷӳʮսǾԵǿԵ
ϹȻûϹǿɽŲ·һе˻棬ԤϹ²Ϲս֮£
ԪĬĬؿŹŷһȥ˻˿ȴԡ


635 
˫ޱȣɢ̰ĹâϹѾ˵ǿԵ˫
һõϹʵǿ
ڹŷԼС裬СƿԼǾӲԼĵģ
һͻȻԦŷӥİƷˣһЦʹ˸ɫ
Ľ֮Уһȥ֪ǱԪ
֪һƷ˿϶ҲϹģһ֪ߵغˣȻҪԼһҪ֪ԼСʵ־ͨƻľԸһƷȻûѹġΨһ÷Щǵٶȿ޷ķӥʱ򲻵òֻǲһĸȥš
Ԫʼտɽķû˵Ķ֪һƷţʱȴԼƣȴûȥǡһССƷˣѹûз˼
ֻĬĬؿŹŷ˵ıӰ˻ǿޱȣһԪҲܲˡȻϹΪ˹ŷ׼ġŷ˾ʯ˵ģоת
ŷһһʯ˹ȥÿ߽һ˵о飬һĻһĻǰ
һƬԶʱһªéݣں֮£һҹ˵ǰһյȼţɢůĹ⡭һһһƣĬĬǱޡ
ǷƵĹ¡ƾԼǰ
һ͸𷨣ҲڷǰŸַ𷨵İ壬ģƾȻҲ˷˷ģԡ
ֱһ죬ճӭսħһս춯أضɽӱɫ޹⣬һս֮£Ӯˡ
ֻӮսķȴƺġȵľɥ˾СԼ򵽵ƶ򵽵ķ˻ɶҡ
ȻǷΪһеĻˡҲ½硣
ƣȼԼɾҵķޱߡǾֻɡ
˴ǰħأܹħ̫ƽ޷Ȼغƽٽ١ʱ֮ա
飬ҴﵽʥΪҲضܹԤ֮˳ɾ֮λҲٹ⡣
һϹרΪȵʱСжȡɡ

յһĻһĻǰзϵͳĻһеһУŷ˵Ժŷ˾Ȼû˿ų⡣һм䣬ȥô꣬ͷ·շһĿ
ֻء
ԭԼڵ塣
ŷͻȻס˽ŲعͷһԪڵķԪվ˷ӥ֮ϣҲԼʱԪͷ֮ϣȴзһ㣬Ȼ˵ϡ
Ƭ̺󣬹ŷƺʲôʯ˹ȥ
ԭԪǷԵԤ֮ӡѹԼ˶ĻԵҲѹ˽ѣԾɲԤ֮ӣܹȥ
һԪԼȡϹõϹ֮󣬰Ԫɾ֮λԼˡ
һŷǷо͸𷨣ڳɾʥһԪҪٴﵽʥʵѵöˡΪħǵʱ䲻ˡѣҲҪȫһ
ŷʯǰһƬհ׵ʯûһ֣յģͺһ˵ˣѾдӡǲʱ䣬ȴֻܹһƬհף޷͸δ棬һɫĺӷķ򵥡ں棬ȻдϹ֡
Ϲ
ŷĿһӵĺϣַϤΪӺ֮ϣŵϢ
ŷ߹ȥϵýɫ𣬹ׯءԼһ㡣
죬ŷˣϹù
죬ŷˣϹϹҾͰ綾һ

ʱ򣬿ŷ˵õϹǷһżôʦڣС֮УǳϹġϹѾõˣȻȲҪõˣ
ʱ򣬹ŷһӣ˴Уŷ˹
Źŷһһ߽ӿֳ˵˷飬˶ҪˡϹһõˣպǰ;촽Ͼ̰飡
ѾСʵƻľ׼ϹҪٵõϹպ̤磬̤ɾ綼ָտɴ飡ʱҲԳưɽˣ
ϹǷµϹ֮һϹսͬСɡ
Źŷһһ߽ϵҲԽԽ⣬ԽԽ˷ܣ̲סһǰȥҪصõϹ
ɾʱһһ߹ĹŷͻȻһȻԾˣ
£
ʱһХ쳹Ӹ߿УǷӥͻȻ£˰Уһֱӽŷ˸סˣ
һ쫷磬ȻڷǰһζǿµɨΧһƬɳԺ˷ߡȵӦʱ򣬷ӥѾŹŷ˺Ԫ˸߿֮У
ŷˣˣҷҵľ綾СҲҪ𣿡
ɫ䣬Ѿþ綾˹ŷˣŷ˵СԼûеŷԼСˣʱȻϹ·Ӱ
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ֻǹŷȴҲûпһֻۣǿԪ
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޶֮ҵѪڣ̲ŽⶾʥҩҵѪͲõκξ綾ˣ
Ԫ˹ŷˡΪƾ̣ŲùŷðΣأϾҪŷ˵ȻȡϹ飬Ԫġ
𣿿ɣСǷƵĶҩ
ŷȻɻ󣬵ԪȻô˵϶ĵŷԪָ˱ʱǸѪڣһԵ
ŷˣٽϹС跢ֻ·һˣ
ڸ߿֮£ɫôҲû뵽ŷ˾ȻҲˣȻұԼ治֪һƷʲôͣȻܹһСԹĻ
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Ԫһ߿Źŷ˺촽˱ģһŷ߸ϣȫ޾
ӥٶȼ֮죬¾ǴǿҲ׷ϡȻǾԲܿӥʱзӥ°æԪ޿֣
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⡭ϵһӳ׽Ӳסˣ
ŷҲԼڵı仯ΪСľ綾Ѿ׽ˡͷ֮һ˿ϵҲиˣȫĿƣ
ŷһ˫ӿԪž㵺Ͳšû뵽ԪȻ޶֮ѪҺȻܹ⿪κξ綾Ԫľϲʵ̫̫ˣ
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Ԫһ§ס˹ŷˣȻת俴ԱߡԱߣһ֮У׼͵ϮԼ
һĹƣ֮УԪԽԽԽԽǷµĵڶ׼ֻһ׼ѾԪˣ
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һ͵͵ҪϮԪľƷˣûϵԪʵȻǿ¡֪͵ϮȴһӱԪץסˣ
ԪƷԼдȻͷǷ
ɫѾ˫Ŀ죬סԪ޾Ĳġ
綾ټһҾƷˣԸԪ͹ŷ˵û뵽ȻȫˣʱŷԼ͹һƷˣһƷܹùŷ˹ԹԲ򵥡ӵзӥô򵥣ҲһԶԸ
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Ԫ͵һһ󿩿쳹һƷ˼£һӾͻһ̲Ѫˮһغˣ
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Ԫȴûкͷֵ˼һӴޱȵķӥһ˫ᣬһӾͻһӰʧ˸߿֮У
ԪվĵطʱֻƬë׷ƮۿȥһƬããȴԪ͹ŷ˵ӰӶˣ
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һвŷɽԭΪһоҪõû뵽·ɱһҧ𣬾Ȼܴˣ
СʵӵƻľʵԶԶҪǿڹŷ˺͸ղǰƷˣǶԷзӥԼ潻֣Ҳ˿ûа취
ȻҵϹζҪֻɶ񣡡
һȻԪ͹ŷȥķ׷˹ȥֻǷӥٶȲ֪϶ٱҪ׷ϸǲܡ

һзӥĻҪõϹܡֻϧӥֻԪԪҪΪöܡ
һԪܲǲӥһΣһûôõˡ
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ʯϹͷоתѾˡ
ԪʯʱһʯҲۣﾫ˸


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ŷҲʯǰָɽŷԸܵ˷ϤʯҲһ¶ŷϢŷȻһμʯȴоʯ֮·û˿İ͸ҡһ㡣
Ԫܷ뿪һлҪ͹ŷ˵
ʯ￴˿Ԫ

Ԫüͷ𡣲ǵ˵ͷת뿪
ȵԪ뿪֮ʯ˹ŷˣմŷ˽ŷɫأüͷƺ˼ʲô˾ĵضԻƺرԪ
ԪվԶԭҪʯﱳԼ͹ŷ˵ʲôû뵽ʯ͹ŷ˽ţ˿Ԫô̽Ҳ̽Ϣ
Ԫüͷĸˡ˵ԼǷԤ֮ӣҲǾ֮ˡʯ͹ŷ֮䣬ӦûʲôԼİ
һʯǰҵʹˡ
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ʯ͹ŷ˽һ˺þãʯſԪ
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жʮöӣӦÿͻƾƷˣȻӭѡѾɽ磬ħԼԲȹ٣ض
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ŷ˺Ԫһ·ӣٶȼ֮죬;Ȼ˲ǰСѰķԵ֮ˣֻЩ˴ֿտգûѰκζ
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Ԫһ˺ڰĲѿһƽɫĹ⻪ԪͷϣʥϵĽ̵Ԫ۾ȵӦʱ򣬲ŷԼѾһյ磡
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һ磬Ԫ޷˵øܡã壬
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ԪۡʱԼĸй٣ʶһеһеĸܶʹǰһˡøǿ
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֮ԪɸռĲӴ󣬲ӴҲڲۻ룬ۻ롭
ԪϣӿռУȡԪıͬõԪҲڷ˱仯Ԫͱһóɳšһֳϵ״̬Ҳ˺һ״̬
Ԫһ֮Ͼͽҵ붨֮СԪĹŷˣȴûôɡ
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ŷ˳һ񣬶ʱе񶼳֮УĸӦӵһУʱһϢźĺͬȻŷͼӵĿռ䡣
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639 ƻľ
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ѹʯǰ˵ҪСĶԸƻľʵԶʤ˭ܹĶ֣
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ԪǰǱӴܣϵĵɫԽԽŨˡʵҪɱССƷʵǲҪ̫ˡ
һ·ϣؽʩչõԪ޿ӣҲдʣƺٻŸΪǿ

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Żһеƣݿ࣬𾡳Ȼһ޴Ľɫ֣

ԪĿһϣֵıߣ̲֮ɱ̼䣬͸ֵܵĿ񶼷·סˣһƬĮеее뷨һָˣĵĻĮûκε뷨ûκ
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Ҫ䵽ʱԪȴ·һ˹ǳڱܵģ˫ַͬˮһӿһӴԪȻһ޴ӭȥ

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ʱԪ˫ס˾޴ķԽɫ֣鲻κεܷԼԼɫؽһ̶ȥһƷ˾ͳˣ
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Ԫֿ˿һƬǽսѾˣǵ˸ȡսƷʱˡǷŷҵˣɱԼӦÿԴ׬һ˰ɣԪâ˸


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Ԫһߴɫؽһ߰̾ɫؽ̲̫ŵķâԪѾֻ̡һͿ̤ʥˡɫؽҲġǷˣҲͬԪҪõ
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Ԫһֱӽɫؽ˴С
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Ԫɫؽ֮תǷԾ޴Ľɫ˹ȥ
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⼸ԣպԪҪǴﵽС磬⼸Եʵӵǿᣡ
һսȻޱȣǶԪ˵ջȴǼʢõ˺ɫؽԽɫ֡𡱣ƻľȷҪǣԪѾͻ˾Ʒ˾磡
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ԪѾͻƾƷˣڸӦóȴһͻС硣ʯǰ˵ҪȥѰǷɡ²˳٣ھͳȥС硣
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Ƿɫһ䣬ٴʩѹʶȥҪǿѹû뵽˵飬ȴԽԽǿԽԽǿͺ񼴽ڵĿˮ޷ѹƵļˣǴʦҧӶЩŤ

ڣķ֮£ԭһֱǴʦƵȻһԾȻĿƣȻˢĻһ⣬ǽڴ͸һӳʧǵǰ
飡
ɫ䣬Ȼ˹ȥһ·飡
ʵҪԪԭɵ顣Ѿ˼ƭԪҪԪƭȻѹӶᡣȴû뵽һӶᾹȻʧˣ
ǴʦӿҪȴôҲֹˣһ·棬һ޴ĺɫǰˢĻһȻһɫ֮ڣ
һɫȻǴµ

ǴʦսȭͷɫԵüȻǲģ
Ǵѹһħ֮ҲԪסĵطٴλصԪǴʦҪԪûͲˣ
ߣҲաȻ׷ңҲض֮ҽܻԪϢھ͸֪ħ񣬵ȴħĴ
俴Ȼת뿪ˡ
ǲûɱԪ˵ܹԪ͹ŷ˾ܡϾԪ͹ŷ˿ھķԴֻԪ͹ŷ˳ԼĿʱǲŻɱǡ
ڿǾԲܳԼĿˡ
ת뿪һߴɣ߲ߵ֮䣬һƬɷ֮ݺƣõɭ͹죡
һ߲㡣ڵһ֮УһڰĽڣԪĿš
ҧһ亹ϵ·״ʪһ͸ովһսһ㣡
Ԫû뵽ǾȻһͽһ͹ŷȡʯǣ˭֪ȴ뻢ڣǺݺݰһ
ס˵Ҳˣ
ԪһеϣڣԪȻᡣǱڰںԪûü鿴ΧһУ붨һĬĬϵͨ
Ԫһ鳹׹ͨˡȻһϵͷǷɾȻ뷽跨ѹ飬ͼռΪУ
ԪһҿԼĻԪʵԲܺǷɿġ
Ԫ۾ʱһ⻪ԶХԪһץ»صӨĹתţƺһ㣬һӽԪڣ
»صڣԪҲ˿黹ԼôҲζһϣڡӰһ
ʱԪվſʼΧһ·һİĵص׿ռ䣬ֻһƬããһƬڰ֮Уɷ
֮Уҵ˻޵ĺС
Ԫ֪ԼʲôطһطҪѳȥضѡ
Ԫʱ˿̣ӵĹŷ˵İȫŷӵϹǴʦԲŹġ
ˡ
ԪһĬĬ͹ŷ˹ͨݳȥûκεĻӦͷѾû˻Ӧһ㡣
Ԫսȭͷݺݵҧס
һιֻܹԼ̫ˣһһֻԼʱ䣬Իûкú̽Ǵʦͼææ˹ǴʦĹơ
һɾǿߣҪѳȥʵ̫ˡ
Ԫ˺þãӦһƬڰĻʱ򣬲ŷԼһԹ֮УܶǱʯʯӲޱȣ̲ŽƣҪƶܣ
ΧǳԽԽ£ԽԽŨҵħɷ
ѵǣ
Ԫƺ뵽ʲôɫһ䡣
˻
ʱǰͻȻһɱһѪȻſԼǰһ㣡ɫĵ۾һƬ֮УһëȻĸо
ƣ
ԪһһȻХѹȥ
һ£ǰͻȻֵ˲䱬ѳ촷ۣ
ޣԪȷԼĲ²ˡһطȻǴµ


650 Ӱ
;ĩ·
ԪʱֻܹĸݡԭСõԵۿžҪͥˣû뵽ͺ¿ȻԼԼŷ˸

˵ǷרѹһħģɾħǿߣҲ޷ڳȥ
Ԫڱ֮УҪȥǾԲܵġʱȵԼһͳ군ˡ
Ԫһ֮ţƺĵһ㣬ɭɷֺܶڰʯʯȡԶǴ켫ƷʯޱȣּӳؽƣҪͻƣڵ죡
ôǿ޷ͻƵĻҲĽԼѺ
黹ԪڣԪȴҲǰ취ûСԭҪӶ飬ȻΪУϧΪǲܴԼġħͲһˣ
Ͼ֮ԼĻΪڵӱ׷ӡԵʡҪ鵽ħǰħʵԿԽ⿪ӡʱֻһö飬ħ˶İ»òͻ
һƽ٣ۿҪ٣ԪȻ취ûС޲ߡ
ԪڵʵŲƷ˾磬ǣĽɫԸˣʲôħ񿹺ء
Ԫһţڰ֮У־ĸо
һѺ޲رǿԪɫ֣ƣת˾ͱ֣õЩ޶˰ҿ
ԪһţҪҵܴڵĻءȻϣȴãȴòȥһԡΨһܹľǴѰų·ˡ
һܴ󣬾ͺһǱһ㣬Ԫ߹һһң߹һƬһƬѪأһЩҪԪƣԪһ£ֱӽնɱһغˣ
Ԫһ·ߣ֪оߵ˾ͷһƬڰУԪоǰƺӰܶ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀ˹ȥ
Ҫ
һǰ˹ȻһŮӵľԪһϸȥȴǰڰ֮УֳһŮӰԼ磬һǳ̵ѡӰƺϤ
һӰԪһÿǰһУ񲻸Լ۾һ㡣
ǰŮƺҲϳԪһ˫ԪϣĿ⽻ӣ˴˶Ǿš
һӰԽԽԽԽϤһž˫ϤԼǣӣֻƺ࣬ҲࡣԼֹεӰףʱȴóԼǰԪоԼϢˡ
ŮҲԪ˹˸žӨĹһһΪ·ڲ
£ҹı룬û뵽Ȼˡ
Ӱ
Ԫ촽ţˮӿԼӰطĻ棬ҪӰϸ˵Ļȴû뵽ӰʱԼȻһ仰Ҳ˵
ǧ˺ȴһҲ˵ֻĬĬؿ߽
Ԫ
ӰҲһ߽ٻӰģԽһ˫鶯˫ɣܾĿڼԼһ㣬ƺͬҲǧ˵ȴȻͬ˵һͬǰǰͬһ
ƺЩİȴֻôϤȻԪ߹ȥһѽһԼĳ˸ηεŮ§˻
û뵽ȴһκ
Ӱӻı䣬⻬ǰϤԪ§סҲɿˡָоôĲɣٴλصԼߡ
ΪԼͦסһԪҲὫӰſˡ
ӰԪĻԪϤļĬĬԪϢδյȴ˵񾲡ܹٴμԪܵһжֵõġ
˽ӵţãöû˵һ仰
ǽԼ֮УԪȴû뵽ȻԼӰһ档ӰѾ
ԪйɣǴʱ˿ǰˣģ񣬶ӰһģһɹǲԼĻþʱʶȴޱȵġ
һʱԪɿӰһϤеϢݣԪдǧȥӰ۽ǵۡ
Ӱܿˡ
Ԫذοš
Ҳǡ˺ö࣬˺öࡣղҲϲˡûб䡣
ӰḧԪӡת֮Ԫģ˲Сĸı䡣ԪԪϢԪ̬ЩƭӰ
ˣһ֮£ԭΪˡô
ԪĬĬӰ§סӰϸʼղɿһ֡ԼһɿһǣӵӰͻԼߣʧһжԼ¥
Ҳûҵشȴû֪ôͱյҵֻһЩ΢άֵġʵĴڡԡ
Ӱź촽ѾˣԭӦתġֻȴи޷ȥӲܳȥѰԪ
ԭҲȥ㡣̫ǿᡣȴȥˡû뵽ȻС
ӰԪļͷͬǰǰϤС


651 Ϲս
һɾǿߵʵȻֲ˹ǷɵǰԪ͹ŷȫûз
һлκ󣬹ŷ˾͸оЩģȵѹʱѾһɫˡ
Ϲ
ŷһæ˻ǺɫĺȴѾʧˡ
ϹҲˣϹĿھѾġֻǲ֪Ϲй¶ȥ᲻ǵʵڹŷҲ˲ôˡ
Ҳ֪Ԫôˡ
ŷһǳĬĬͨҪϵԪȴԼʶȴССң
һңɺɫʯɣ̱䣬񳹵һ㡣ŷȻıССҿƣһһҴӡܣȻǽϣ
һǽȴǿȻ˿ûܵӰ죡
ŷֲģٶתһƺɫǽϡȴǹ˿ûκηӦ۹ŷȴҲҡ˺ͺɫҷֺ
ǼȻҽȻ֪ҾѲȥǣҳȥֻԴˣ
ŷսȭͷŭâ˸һ˵⣬ǵļơڱһɾǿѹƣԪ㷴ضûСڹŷ֪Ԫ
Ϲ
ŷƺʲôһϹΨһˡһΣϹɬޱȣһʱᶼ޷աʯ˵ϹϹս˾ƵĹؼһҪϹɡܹҲһҲΨһˡ

ֻǲһ˿ꣿ
ԪӰļȻоһƬ䣬۶ɵġӰƺܹ֧˵ֶ̬ãԽֻƵļ
ȥԭӦתͶ̥ŶԡֻӰ걻Уȥֻ˹ꡣԪܹӰֻӰĹ꣬ҲѾϲˡ
ӰƮҡԪôĿ֧š
ӰҵάǲɢһȻȳ㡣
ԪһһӿӰ֮ڡ
ӰһƲ꣬Ҫ֮ѡԪ֧־Ͳôˡ
ԭԪΪӰҪӰֱڵ졣Ӱһֻ꣬һƣҪȳӰѶȾʹ󽵵ˡֿҲǴӡ
һ˵һУڣ뷨ڣ͵ڡǶǿԶġ
궼ˣˡҲ˵һ磬ǳû˵飬ɽ綼ƺûз
ԪǱѣ֮У˵СȴӰֱ꣬Ǵ󱯴ϲһʱ䣬Կơ
ԪֻҪܹҾˡֻѩȴٻزȥˡˣô֮ģɽַʲô飿
ӰԪôãȴһ֪
Щ˵ͻˡ˵
Ԫɴ˵ϣӰӵ뻳ʱȻڣԪȴоûκν෴ģӰԼԣԪоƳΪ˼һ㣬ȴС
Ԫ㽫Լתһһ˵ӰӰţʱʱͷԪ˵մǸǾĲѡƺû뵽ɽȻô顣ʱȻ飬ʱС
رǷħ飬ܶĹҲǵһ˵
û뵽챳ǣΪħĳħҪԸڵˡӡϹսЩǶԸĳ롣ֻǸǵʱʵ̫ˡ
Ӱ̾˿һƺЩѾ͸ˡֻܹһֱԪߡ򵥵ҪȴҲܹʵ֡
ȻǱ֮С޾֮·һԳȥġ
Ԫսȭͷ⣬ɫӼӰԱߣҪгȥУ
뿪֪ʲôʱȡʱһ𡣶ʱУԼҲӲˡˣҲӲȥ궼ǵƿ֮ˡתһζܹˡ
ǽԼеԭڣ
һ߲㣬ֻڵһ㣬ڶ㣬лҲһߣ޾֮·һԳȥģ
ԪץסӰ֣ڵһ֮бȻоϣӰǸԪԡƺǿ־壬סԪֱ۲ţѰš߱˵һÿһ䣬ÿһطȴôҲҲڵڡ
ǰڶ㣬ĵ·ҲҲ
һԪӰ»ص˽Ԫ§סӰּĸоҵӰ꣬ͬ޷Ӱһվ֮УҲͬı䲻ԼӰˣ
ԪҲ߹ΣƺûлشڡӲӲǵĳ·ϹսһϹиϾϹúһϹܹһЩµԸտ˸գҲδزһ·
ӰӿԪ
ԣ
Ԫ͵ԴƷ·򡣵Ĵ죬ѹһħ֣ʲôӳĻءΨӲӲΨһ·ϹսϹиâԵϹδزһ·
Ҷˡԭѩ֮УǾһרиֹµĹӰطġȻ˵ϹҪſǷûоԣҶû׼ԴʮһϹҲһ
ԪԽ
ѩʱӰաڱԴУѰҰ취Ͳ˸Ӳ޷ƣ
ϹսϹиϾҵԺҾһһչʾ㣬Ȼһú̽֡
Ԫָһɫâָ⡣ȻǰĿռд
һ֣һ֣ԪԼ⣬ϹȫдԱߵӰҲһӾһ˫ӶϹ˼һ㡣Ԫÿдһ֣Ժ´ʧκһһ㡣
ԪдµϹսӰԱţâ˸һ㡣
ֻԪûдһ룬ͻȻָͶ˿УȻôҲдȥˣһεֹһ㣡
ԱߵӰԭԪһͣһȻԪ
Ԫô
Ҳ֪дôҲдȥˡ
ԪԼ·𱻶סָȻֿ˿ǰһƬڰ֮СΪоǺڰУ·ʲôֹԼԼϹսдȥ
֣
Ӱһվﾫ˸š
ԪҲͬʱվǰϹսͬСɣԸӰΪӰεˡˣܹ֪ġ
ǶԷ޵ĻӦ͵͵ĹĦŶԡֹԼԪüͷ
ϹսԵ֮ˣÿ͹Ħˣ׽ϹսˣѵͲ֮˲ǹ𣿡
ǰĺڰһƵ˹ֲɣͳζ
һԪԱߵӰһ䡣ʱȲǰ̤һ
ͷ¶β㵽Ǻη
ӰĿΧһɨɱէ֣


652 
һͻȻֵõռնһһֱ˰ʼûг֡
ԪӰöʶɨӣҲֲ˵ڡ
ģһ֡ﲻ˾Ԫǿ뿪ɡ
ӰסԪ֣תҪȥ
Ȼ飬αؼҪأ
ʱصһηԪӰһ㡣
Ԫò䣬㲻ҪĹơӰ㿴ҵģ۾飬֪ҡǷǣ϶ͼҪǡ
ӰסԪĿԪֻǰԪɫȴޱȡϸϸӰò鶼ΩΩФʱ˿̱ԼƣҲӰģϰߡ
ֻԵ޹ʵģΪʲôҪòأ
ӰҼǵͻƷ˾ʱ͹һ壬
ԪӰҪȷһ¡ӰͺӰһԸˣ¼ɡӰô͸Ӳмˡ뵽Ͼǵĵ̡һɾǿߣͨ˭֪ʲôֽšƾʶӰټ

Ӱƺû뵽ԪʣšƬ̱ǣ尡Ԫô᲻أ
ӰԪԽֻǰԪɫȴˣ
ȻǼٵģ
Ԫﴫ˳õΧռ˲䶼ɱ
ʲô壬ԪͻƷ˵ʵӰʲôû͸෴ģͷԪؽ¡ΪԪ͵ӰƵطҩͻƵġ
ӰΨһһιԪգûеӰ᲻ǵá
Ԫôܲңôں㡣Ϊȥ㣬ھȻΪһ˻ң̫ĺˣֻǼǴ˶ѰԪôܹң
ӰỨתôˡȻģԪҲһĶֻԪȴӿ϶ǰ˲ӰΪӰԼǰǾǿƵģСŮ̬ķ
ҪǱԼԩˣӰⶼѾˣѹͲشԼ⣬Ҳɣ
Ȼ㲻ңҾʹһȥ
ͻȻ䣬ʵӰɫһ֪һѷֱӾԪѴ˹֪ѾƭԪˣɴ¶ԭΣ
һ˺һ˲ͽԪѸ̴ˣǰһģƬ̺ɱ䣡һ˹ûκεأɴ䣡Ԫ˶ֱĸо
ԪͷĬĬһһԭԶģԪȴûжΪҪԼһԡһˣԼͼϹսгˡǰһ֮һιƣԣһ·¶ߵޱȼҪ˵սӰˣ
ģССһɱġֻǻǸղһСħǷɣΪסȻȡϹսǵѡ񡣱ϾϹսħҲءǾԲҪ
ԭ滨Ӱ˲һ䣬һɲӣͷȻǺɫģ
ȻԪʶˣʱܹȥǱ㶯˼֮
ֻҪ֮ĨɱԪղƬ̼ļ䣬ȻͿƭԪϹս°벿ָ׳ϾԪƭȡϹսһеĿڣ
Ȼ֮ǰҪȽ˸ɱ
ԭǵĵ̣ôĪһˣȻǷҲ֪һβ͹ܴˣһµζҪɱˣһƭԪɲܳɹ
ӰؿԪԪıûƣֻҪ˯ȥˣһоͿ¿ʼˡ
֮Ǻķ;ѪɵģǿҲ޷⣬ԪŲƷȻҲһ
ӰϵЦԽԽ⣬ԽԽ죬ΪԪƺѾ֧ŲȥܿҪԵڵˡ
ԪҪʱͻȻһۣﾫⱬ˲˹һ㣡
ʲô
һĻӰҲɫ䣡
֮ûеܹѵġԪô£
޶֮ССҲԻҡ̫ˣ
ԪһȻס⡰ӰĲӡ޴üӳ⡰ӰȻһãܿͳһɫӰӣ
ǹһ֡
ǲһֹޡһֱתֻأҪ֮УĨ䡣ֻͨأǰ½磬ͷھ󲿷ˣ½֮Ҳͬ˵ġҲǾĳ̬
ֻת껹һֹޣǶֶȴءΪҪ꼫ǿ󣬲пܳɹϸ˵ԪһҲڶ
ֻǶĻһ㶼Ƿɽ֮СΪǽֻأĨ䣬Ǻѽ½ġԪ飬Բ⣬ܹɽ紩Խ½֮ȥ
ڵڶ֣Ҫʵȴģһֱ̬֣֮䣬˹ֻ꣬û
óûԻҲԪƭһԭڡ
ֻԪѾʶʵĿȻٱƭ෴ģԪɱ˸ŭֱһ㣡
޵ľðԼ֮ƭԼˣҲֻһѡ


653 ū
һӰԾͺ¿ˡһͺ¿ǽٵɲݵĻӣƭȡԼóȻᡣ
᲻ӰƭȡԼϹսˡԭΪͺ¿֪ҪñȵķԼõϹսĿԼΪ㡣ϹսԼԪܽȥġ
ԪҪɱңңӰŮ˰ԪԪ
ԪֱóΪӰģؿԪֻԪʱȴûһһĲҽУһƬʧԪǰ
ᣬǼթɣͷôöԸġԪҪǣȻѹħһ·
رԪ֮УȥܹɾǿߣɽԪǰ赲Ԫĵ·
лл㣬̨̨¶ɡ
ԪĿ˺ڰ֮Сڰе˳ֵĻԼѾϹսй¶ȥˣڣԭħУȴû뵽ȻԼİ֡
֮Ϊ㲻ǵһҲһ
ڰһȴʼûг֡
ūȿռ䣬ǿҵġҲûܹҡ
Ŵ˹
ū
ȿռ䣿
Ԫһǵһʡ
ǿϱŷԣӵϹսҲ֡ӦǷ˰ɡû뵽Ҳڡ
ϹսǶԸħһ򲻿й¶ȥ
ߵϡ
ǰȷʵݺֻұ޷ȥǰָһ·
Ԫһϲ
ԭǷūӦڷˡû׼гİ취Ҳһ
֮ʱұʦΪ˷ֹ޴ߣһжùɾǿ߽ˣҲԱס޷ѣ
ֻû뵽֮Ȼˡǿħ˽ԷųȥһסԼĶͷ£
졣Ȼк֡еڰ˲ռ䣬ڰ˲ռ䣬Էߡ
ūŵ
ڰ˲ռ䣿
Ԫһֻ֪߲㣬ȴû뵽Ȼŵڰ˲㡣ǾȻ˴Ȼѹǿħųȥˡ
Щħ֮УٶǼǿģѺ߲㡣СħʤųȥֱɽһѡһǹȻͶħ
Щħȴûɽ֣Ȼǵħƾħǲˡһħһʵִǿˡ
ڰ˲ռڣڵһҵм䡣ҿأתעͿԴˡ
ֻˣΪɲǺ顣Ȼ̲ôԵҲǱѡ֮ˡȻˣӦ÷һаִһΪ²Ŷԡղ㱻ƭǲִҲͬҪԳ
߰Ϣɡ
Ȱ˹ūʵԪһ֮У㿪ʼ۲ԪˡΪԪ̲ŵķ⣬߲ŻҲѾԪϵ֡
ԪʲУֻ̫ڸ˶ԹԭΪڱССƭȴƫƫ˼ơԳɾʹΪġ
һֱǻŵġҲһὫһ
ԪսȭͷһԼСģŻǹĻһΣҪԻԼûôˡ
ԪŲʲôСԹȡתһһΨһ֧ıӰҪһִǲܡ
ߺͲɸؼĹ涼޷һôأ
ִһִֻԽԽҲѳɴɾʹΪ֮ˣһУնһУ
Ҳգ˾ҲҵĻ
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Ԫ龹Ȼû˿Ŀ־壬Ī˷ܺͼ
ԽյĽͻԽۻ룬ɸɵͻԽǿʵͻԽ죡
ֻҪ٣ɸռͻ᳹׽Ȼһɸ磡
ԪĻƼŭһźƣ٣ÿһսսϻ̳Ͽ֣ƶɱûһ˸η壡
η壬ֿǶĴ󲻾
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665 һ
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죬Ҫȥ̤ҵʬ壡
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һ̫ϳǸЦ⡣һһƷˣããɽ֮У޴Ѱҡһǿߣô䣬Ҳǿҵġ

ڵɾǿжģϷһЩΪ֪ĽһЩϹŶ׷׶
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669 կ
جج֮УԪ֪˶ãȵһ˿ʶʱоһƬ佩Ӳ
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Ԫ۾ƤѹʮɽȻôҲԪģٴһΣһΣڵʮεʱɹ۾
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ŮҲ·Щ˼Ͼʮ꣬ԽԪϵ·ȫѵ⣬ῴÿĶǵʱҲĿ԰æˡΪʱ̫ˡҿһصˣկҲûм˻æϾկͷǺųİ˵ġҲİˡ
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Ԫʲôһ㣬ÿŮ䡣
˵ҽʥ˼㣬һҽ뻯İ취ֻǺ֪ǲᷳ׷Ǳ뿪һطӣҲûκεϢû뵽Ȼ˼Ĵˡ
ƺ񿴵һϣ̲סܹ˼㴫õİ취ôԼͿһ㽫Ӱȳ
ôʲô޷ǣȻĹ𣿡
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СİˡΪҶš
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ҲҪˡ̡СչҳկկֻҰ꣬ҶȥˡҵһҽҵġҲ֪ǲܵġ
游ҽңҽֻܹβȴܹؼ飬˾ˣҲȲˡͨҲûκζԾȵˡ
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Ǹ˾İŮ˰ɡȻˣǹţ鲻ģҲһҸ顣
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һƺЩͬΪǲûض飬ҸϸˣѪܣԵüƣһͲεڵء
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ǡɾвټƷ鵤óһöޡ
Ԫڻһһһ˿һööƷ鵤棬Ũɢɢ貵Ĺ⻪Ũõ˶һ崺ĸо
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Ԫڹ⻪貵ļƷ鵤Ũõ˵ĿⶼסôҲû뵽һİ˵ﾹȻôļƷ鵤ȻԸóô༫Ʒ鵤կǵޡ
ǣ磬Щ鵤ޱȵģ㡭
ҧҧӣЩԪⲻʧΪһð취ֻϾԪĶҲܹʹõġ
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ץסһӼƷ鵤ȴǴЦ
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Ԫɫһʵ˵ûʱͻᵽˡǱ׼Сһ¹կ棬СĽſԡ
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һկ˵ǺõġԶ̡ĵҲһ𿰱Сĵޣ
뿪կʱضܱҵʱһɾǿߣԪЩСһöûСĿǰ˵ָʵҪ顣
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672 
Ԫļƻ˵ϸǾȻá֮йһ죬Ҳûпǵɱ
կ˷׷˿½׳Զ˵ǳɹ޸յ뿪կԽԽԶԽԽԶ
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˲ֻ˳ϴſ־壬֪ʲô顣ʱǧ֮⣬һ޴Ӱ˵ǰ
ɫɫ޴׳֧֫һӴģȾɽӴ⺷Ȼ˹һһ֮ɭֶΪƽأͻأĳ֣Ӵ󣬿þһļ£һϢӴŰ֮һƬʴ
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ԭΪȹһٵկˣٶĿ־֮Сֿ־壬ǻĿ־壬һߵĿ־壡
ܰܣ
һկ׻ˣӴӴĵǰЩկ֮˴ʱԵôС
ǰԪҪǷͷ뿪կǲϡˣȴҲӲˡھ޴ǰԵôС
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Ҳûмĳ棬һʱ䱻סˡܿǰ˹ȥΪһͷӴĵ޺Ȼ̤ӴܿҪһСŮͷˣ
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ʱ˿̵Ԫ޵ǰԵޱȵСͺñһֻ϶һͷһ㡣ȴƫƫס˵޵Ĺƣ
ǿһ𿰱СްһӲסһֻӴ޵׺ƣһ棬ľĶǣ
أ
ƺҲоԪĲͬѰһӴ˳ȥ˻һ˫ŭסԪ·ڴԪ
Ԫʱվϸһ˿Ц⡣⻪תţۻѹ
Ѿٵļ״ָ̬˹ڶǱ޸ûκεѹ
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վԪҲһ֪ԪָƣȴûϵԪָ֮ʵ֮ǿͿ£
ֵܹסһͷӴµĵޣѵԪȻСǿ߲ɣ俴Ԫﾡǲ˼飡


673 նɱ
㲻կˣÿկ˾ȻðҵޣҪկᣡ
һ˫סԪ
ð˲կ֮УԩͷծޣӦȥɱˣ
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һͷڵӴޣ׾ٵıԪնɱˣ
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կشƧôûмôǿء
Сޣ䣬˽޵ԴȻկϿաһκ޶ðկˡ
ԪѰ˼Ƭ̵կɽ֮Уܵ޵Ĺ޵Դ棬׺ˣκ޿һĻһŵûɢԲǰðկֺġ޵֮У̲޾ľҪկ˷˵޵Ѫ⣬ʵҲһǿʱ򣬸ǿպط棬͸ˣ

˵ͷڻûдлѹկһЩСӵȷӦ˹æסԪ֡
磬ͨɣ
磬ҲҪһôӣ
磬磬Һϲ㰡

һһ˹ЩկСԪ֡Ԫͷ΢΢һЦ
կͣΨһĵҲֻ֮еޣȷʵһʺϾסĵط棬ıЩ޿°ٱ
ԪûҪ뿪կ˼һطԪʶɨһ£Բʮ֮ڣȻȫǱɽΧ£סġ˵Ҳ֪ǳ׵׵ԴԪʣĽȻõһЩϹͨȫɣٳȥҲ١ʵ̫Ҫһطˡ
ðҿԽͨпɲһ׵飬ҪóԿ׼УܳԿ࣬ûд־ǲܳɹģ
ԪЦŵһߺЩС˵һ߰æ´կ
һĻѡկ˶ֽٺĸоʱ˿̣Цݡ
俴ԪﾡǸм顣ԪĻկҪ׻һˡ
Ԫæһկ󣬾ͻصԼѨ֮Сʱ䲢ࡣ
ͻС磬񣬿Ѿױɽдиˡһկ֮лãûܹҵõǳկ֮УϾͻΣ֮СϾ֮⣬ɾǿȻԼûûޣǿ϶Լ飡
Ԫȸͨһ¡֪ɽ
һֱ˳źˮѰԪ䣬ʼûҵڲһѰԪģڷѰԪ
ɾԸо˾޴ѹħˣɾȴǡ
Ԫ䵽ɾǿ¶޷ħ񽻲ǼееˣҪҵԪɽһҵѰԪķ粨
Ԫ֪Щ󣬱ȸѰկĵ̡һ˸ҲҲԼȡһЩʱ䡣
Ԫ۾ʱһĬĬڵĽЩԪڶ֮ʱյģԪϰ˿ÿһ˿Ľ̲ŵǾ˿ֲģ
һ˿ԪʵõЩԼľ޴Ƹ
һ˿˿Ԫתţһ죬һ죬ܿͻԪľ֮СԪڵÿһռ䶼ʱЩݻӯУõԪ˵ıо
Ԫһ⻪ޱȣԪСԶԶȥ˵ơ
ģԪΧЩ⻪ȻγһɫţԪΧСЩɫţȻʵʻ۶ɵģһ룬
Ԫɫ֮Уšһ̵쳹ЩԪ


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һһҹʱȥˣԪۣ˫Ŀ֮һ˿γľ⡣Ȼվ޾תУ֮ڴǰӾޱȡһ˿һ˿ÿһ˿ȴ̲żֲ
ٵĽ֮֮ǰӾٱͬһȭҲǿٱֹ
Ԫһʱ񸱰ͳԼǰ
ԭԪһѾҡϣﵽ˾ʮټɾʮˣҲ˵ɽ磬ֻһ˱Լʵǿˣ
⻹ֻһٵȵˣʵ᲻
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ڣܹѹסԼˣҲֻҲǰ˶ѡ
Ԫ߳Ѩ棬կھᡣ
磬пŶ
ԪһСӹˡһһޱȡǰԪһֱѨ֮û˸ȥЩСæӭ
Ҫ֪ǰԪһɱӴ޵ӢۣһȺСҪΪˡǿԪͺҪðһ㡣Ǻ˷ܣ
磬ղԾûн㡣Ǹոտĵޣ㳢ζġ
仹ǴһϮկķΣγ˳£̬ӯһ˫ˮӣԵ÷峺ˡԪƺһ˿顣
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Ԫӹһ⣬һ£Ȼ˱ǣһҧȥ
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Ԫ֮կ֮˾ͿʼظţţԪ֣һȺŮǵ赸ֻĿԵկ˶Ҹ񡣶Ԫ棬仹ǶרĿ⡣
磬֪կľˡүү˵ҪկŮء
ԪŵʱͻȻԱһСŮԪ
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СŮֱֱؿԪ
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СŮ˹ʱԪ̧ͷһȴڶͷһƬߺ죬СŮԪĶԻ
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ֵܣĴˡһƣֵ㲻ҪӾˮá
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կ飬ԪҲֻܹܾýӹһƣһĸоˣӸһ㣬Ԫֲ£ֻȥ
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ԪûкƣԪļͻȻԪһ⻰һھ˳
ưͬľơղѾһڣֵܣʣµģԺһˡ
ȻѺȣͷദһһˣһѼࡣٴҲҪһͬʹ࣬һеҪһЩġڿҲҪȥȥˡ
߿ԪһЦеģ
磬ȣ
ǰ磬ȣ

ʱһһ˹ԪȾơԪǺһƺҲǣҲǡ
û뵽ͷԼһףѾһڣԼȣǰ𣿿ǰȾƵʱ֪ʲôͬľư
һԣֻǵͷһߺ죬ﲻ˵Ĭһһ㡣
ԪһվǶҲǣҲǡ
׼ȣ
ԪΪ֮ʱͻȻһ˹˷Χһ׷׿˹ȥȴԶ߳һӣĿ䣬֮ǰ뿪կһֺ˵Ŀⶼ׷׿˹ȥ

֣կڲ˶׷վսȭͷŭ˸
֮ǰկˣҵʱΣգûˡû뵽ȻԼˣ
ԪҲ俴ıΪоһβˣıбˣʵǿϤ
Ԫͬľƣӭ
㻹կҲգͱˣ
կȥսȭͷŭ˹Ȼ󼸸ΧȥΧС
ȴ˿壬ס˫ۣ俴Ԫ
ߡû뵽㾹ȻһյĴƭңҿջϲһûϵѾ֪ݡɾõĶԪԪ㣬ɾȡԪֵǮ
һЦ
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ĻһĿⶼԪϡоƵĲͬѰˣû뵽ԪȻͨһֵԪɲһСĿ
ѹٴðջկԭΪԪһСˣ
Ԫһֱû˵ֻĬĬؿĺӰѾ֪˭ˡ


675 
ͨҲկľˣҲ
վ˳ӭկͽǶҲѾ֪ԪݲͬѰǲôկΪЩԪԪһկˡ
ǣ޶һɱˣ㣡
ô⽾ᣡһָͷͿŶ

СŮԪ˳һֲָָǴʱ˿ѾվԪһߡ
ߣһȻòԪתһδ˰ֹġλǰǻ𣿡
һȡʱӰͻȻһԣ俴Ԫ
һֺ󣬾ַɱĸоһֶĹǵĸоһɨկ˻һˣֻɭ䣬˵Ŀǿᣡ
Ȼˣȴ͸©űǵ޻Ҫµ׺һĿ⿴˻ɢһ㣡
ССǿߣ
կɫһ䣬ɵõ˼ḻһӾϳ˵ʵȻСǿߡʵǿԶԶկ֮˿ԶԸġ
կߵĻկɫٴһ䡣׷׵ΪҲоʵĿºǿᡣ
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ԭ޴ѹ֮£еկ˶ݵѹȣ˫ȲҪԵȥ
Ԫһӿ֮ͬһůͰסǡܿǻһůĸоȻһӻһѹȣ
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貵Ĺ⻪תţʾ˰ԵķâȻʥʣ
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Ԫɫһ䡣û뵽쾹Ȼʥ䡣ԭֻСʵʣʵǿ
ѹ˸ҶΧԼ
Ԫʶһɨٶȷ񸲸ǣҪ仹ʲô˹ϸϸһɨûзֱɫΪҪԸһʥ׵顣
ǿ߶һ˶ܹóԪڴơһЦ˳ȥ
һԪ϶ˣֻҪԪˣͿԵõԪһܹ칬죬ӵ޾λʱٽկƯŮȫߣ˫޳ɡ
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ǧӿڣԪȴɫƽˮȻһָסüģ˫͵˲޵Ļ
֮ͨ죡
һһ۴ԪȻ˳̼䣬ԪߣȻ泤
泤Х˻֮ǧӭȥſѪڣһ·գ

ԪﵽС֮ʵҲѾ׷츲أһ֮գգŵĳȸ£˷õضǻһƬ
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ͻȻһڰз趯ʱһӸ߿쳹ȻһӰȻأһһȻһӳһٶԪȻͽԪΧУ
ЩԪÿһ𶼴ﵽСʵ԰ٵһһӽԪΧסΧһˮйͨ
һʥӵ޾ЩתټʵĹ񹤣Ĳ˼֮£
һԪǾͻһٸԪԸԪÿһ𶼺Ԫʵ൱ԪģЩԪҲͬᣡ˵ǳѹԪԴܵĵ
ԪɫһսȭͷСǰһһʥҪԸʵ죡
ǿǾԵġǿԶơʣһʥѵħб׺ݣҪ׷պҲضΪɣ
飬ע֮ˡպؼضβھͶԪӪպնɱħĴ֮ˣ
Ԫһ俴ΧһԼһʶɨЩԪϣȴÿһԪȻԼһϢ嫣ǿޱȡ
ǰʵһǧֻȡԼϢʱѪ֮ĴУ


676 Ϲս
ʥ˵ѾõʥȻʥȴһЩϵǿߡ
һʣͨĪ⣬ȻԻһԪѹԪ
ԪɫޱȡΧһﶼԼÿһʵȻԼ൱Ԫܵѹ֮󡣶һĻ¶˵飡
һٸ磬⣬Ҳ̫ˣ
կ֮˵ɴ۾ѡǻǵһοǿʥȻġôµĹơһٸԪصΧмԪԲǶֵİ
֮ͨ죡
ʱԪΧһԪȻһȻʩչ˴죡һӴΧ淭ȻԪӶ
һٵ棬ڱӿѹγ޴Ļˣ񶼿ԷյһУĻˣ
Ƭ֮Ԫ˾ͱ𺣰Χ˲ˣ
ԪսȭͷȵĻ֮Сһʱ֮޷Լֻȴǵޱȡ
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һȥʱ䣬¾µʱԼɾǿ߷ɱʱԪ·ˣԪڵʵκϵǿߣԴݵɾǿߣȴǷȱһЩ
һһĻնԪ˻֮һ
ʣòʹòȭ
ɫһһ
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Ѿǵ֪Ǹо˿־度¡ԪϹսȴǾ˵̬
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˿ԪĿɿڴ˼顣կԲ˵仹ʶ𾪵ˣ
Ϊǳ׵׸ܵԪʵĿ£
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Ҫ֪һʥҲޱȵİ
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٣һԪҲˡҲնɱҲζ׵ˣԶԶʧһ֮ϣ
俴һĻĿɿڴ
һڣʦڣõʵļӳ֣ȴû뵽Ȼ֮ң
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ٸԪһʱ䣬ɾҲԪĶ֡ħ񡭡
˿ڿˮʱûܣΪ֪ԪǿʵǰѲˡֻҪһܵͷͻ˲Ԫ
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ԪһĿ俴˹϶£߸ϡһĿ̲޾ѹȻ˹Ȼõһ£ֱͨԪȥ
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678 
Ԫ˿ȻΪеףվ˸߿֮ϣƿһеϡ
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ңԸͶȻԪԸ죬ңĸ֪ܶжܣԪ㣬õҵĵطܶ࣬ܶ࡭
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ʱ򣬺˺ܾһ㣬һӺХ˳߿СǺںһƬȴڸ߿±Qƺ磬˷ܣԴӱ޲֮һֱĬĬšڲؼյһ죡
ۣһʥȻҲɵˣˣʵ̫ˣ
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Ȼ˵ڵĵȼɲʥѾԪŪӣǿҲһ
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һʥһʥֻǲҲ̲ſµķâԪҪʸ̷Ȼһȴǲû⡣Ϊʡ
ҲաʵĲҾšȵҵϹиϾȻɹϹиٽʥһһи԰ɡ
Ԫ̾˿Ҳֻˡʵʬ壬ôҲʥʳ֮ζ֮ϧֻʱˡԪһץʵʬԪУ
ˣˣҲɵˡһǳ׵סˡȻԪԶ
ǰկѾɪɪկֻһССİƷˣҪԪƤѳȥȴǲܵ顣
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679 ͬ
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Ҳ˵կ㱻ˣ˵ԼҲܷŹԪĿķλ˹ȥƺо˹ľУ¶ɪɪص
ˣأǸ쵰ȥˣ
կҲӦ˹һȴҲ䡣սȭͷ
һկˣկĹأӦǧУԼ̲Ŷԣɲѵˣ
ɶͽܵˣ֪´ֻʲô˹
ǣô꣬ڲſʲôˣ

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µǵԪ¼ֵĶͷһԪʵ̫ˣСǿ߶ɸɵˡ䵽Լ֪ôġ뵽ӽͷ£˵ΪԼԪԪͿԼ
ʱ͵ſڣһҧƨɣݺһ̣һ·һӾͱ̽˶

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һҽ춯أʹޱȣһӽկ˵Ŀⶼ׷˹ɭ֮С
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ӵúǱһֻӣϱ£ͻȻһӱסɣȻ˹ȥ
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ֻÿһƬ䣬Ȼ͵һ˺ѷεʹ˹۵Ĳҽһס棬ϺȻ£ҵôһƬ𵴣ֱѪܵĿʹ
汻ҧһǰ汻ҧһ⣬ʹֱ࣬˷ָʹţɫҪ˭֪һվһֱֻӾͱԵˣ
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Ъ˹ĲҽĿûа취Ը裬ֻܹԼϵһһ鱻Ե̵ʹֱֱָ飬ÿһ缡ǶŤ
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ɴ۾ֻоһǰδеľʹҪתɸһתͷһŴһӾȻԴȥֻʣ˰ʬͻأվѪͬˮעһӿ
࣡
࣡
ڴھ׽һ߾׽һ߷Թ
̫ѳˣ̫ѳˣҶҪˣѳ԰ޣޣ

һկҲᰲࡣԪûȥ裬ǿկˡʱҲԪһӣÿһկ˶оԪһˡ
ǰǻҺԪƽȵ˵ڿԪȻԪû˵һЦ⣬ѹ͸񶼺޲ùԪǰһ㣡
ղܾˡҲһûʲôԸлǵġ
Ԫһ˻£ʮöļƷ鵤
Щ鵤ȸŰɡ
ԪկˡȴûһȥЩ鵤Щ鵤ޱȣǴûпġֻԪǰկˣѾկĴˣկٽԪ顣ԪֻСԪկˣĶ飡
磬Ҫ𣿡
Ⱥ˳һ˫Ԫϣ޾ĲᡣȻԪֻദ˼죬ȴоԪΪԼһҪһ㡣ԪҪ뿪˵ʹ

ԪӦһǰͬľֻȲѣϣ䲻ҪźáǸŮӦøԼȥðķա
Ǻðɡ
ҲûгΪ֪Ԫ˭ҲĲˡͲˡ
һǺиӦġ磬ʲôΣգҾͻϵȻûкǿʵҵҽǿԵġʲôˣҶ԰κá
ӻȡһҪԪϡԪһ£ȴץס֣ȻȥƺҪԪϡ
һɫϸ򵥣ȴеĺɫ⻪תԪ̾˿ֻƾˡȻԴ
ǸŮŮֵøõҸ
Ԫ˵꣬ת˳ȥկ֮УúҲҪ뿪Ͼкܶȥȥɡ


680 뿪Ϸ
Ԫ뿪կĬĬıӰץ䣬Ŀоǲᡣ
ղŸԪһֽͬկŮ˸Լһӵ˵ġһ˭˭ԼһעˣܸġһկŮˣһֻܹͳһͬ
㣬ˣԺ᲻
һСŮ޺סԪկӢۣСĿеż񣬿Ӣۺż뿪Ƕÿ޺ۡ
֪Ҳ˰ɡߣҪկ´ˡ
תڸղŵս£կҲ˲ʧҪ´С
ǣǡ᲻ô硣СŮĨĨᡣ

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Ԫ˿Զһᱮ߸棬ԼֲϵӾʮһ·˰ʮѾǿߵӪ֮ˣ
Ԫ¶Ц⡣һ죬ֻɾ֮ϣһɾ񵥵һλã

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ϣɾܹŲһٶˡһٶ˵ǹ̶ġÿ꣬߼ʮ꣬Ż䶯һ¡ÿһα䶯ķȶСС
Щ죬ȴһ㡣ԴԪֳֺ񼸺ÿʱÿ̶ڸıš
һʮһ˰ʮı仯֮죬ǰδģ
ҸµǣԪȻһСľ磬֮УʵȻʹ൱ɽ缸Ǿ޽У
ǵɾı仯ԽļͲԪʵһ˵һ־޴в
ÿһΣ͵ԪʵȻȥͻƴ磬ȻͻСɾ磬ûпܵ飡
һԪͻСɾ磬˵ֱĩϮ֣֮
Ϊָɽ»ѹ߷ӣҪԪͻСɾ磬Ȼȡ˷ӣͻƴɾ磬ͻ磡ؾҪ׸дˣħ֮⣬ûκܹѹƵסˣħҲҪȵʱܹ
ҷϷ𣬾ԲԪӳȥˣɶ񣡡
ڣŵһ˿ΣյϢϢһԽԽңԽԽǿļ
Ϸ𣬼Ƽ˸ǿߡ칬Ϸ£жģдط׷׸Ϲĸǿߡ
ЩǿߣʣˡûеˣҺԪԣ
ϾԪѾƾèԲ̤Ľɫˣ
Ԫկ֮󣬾һ·ϢĵϷϳȥȻѾﵽС磬Ծɲ̫
ڵʵһ磬ܻһ¡ɾǿɾǾԲܶԿġ
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ˣһɾǿߣԪܵӦûеġ
ԪɲϷκһɾϣɾӣһɾϣܿ죬Ϸɾǿ߶ӿʱԪҪӶӲȥˣСһһ·ıһ㣡
ͻȻ䣬ƺʲôԪȻһˣеϢ
ʱڸ߿һƯ׷ֻ֮ϣվһһӣŭݣת
ɾ죡
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һѪʹԶȻǰ
ѾˡҲ׻ٵˡ
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ԣɫһ䣬սȭͷʱΧ񼤵žžͬ£˲һ߷ӿ񷭹
ɾǿߵϣһŭ֮£Ʊɫʬ
ң㽫Ϸ𳹵׷飬ҲҪҽԪҳ
սȭͷȻ͵һСķ˹ȥԪʧԱ󽫣ʹĸо˿İʸһʥȻȫٵˣ
С类ӳ˽ƣֻӵзԵ֮˲ܹȥпܣԪͲС֮СѾѡ˲ӵзԵ֮ˣ׼ȥСѰԪˡ
СҲħĿڣħѾ𹥴С磬ͻСĽƣҽָɽƿˣ
ԴϹսϹ֮СĽҲࡣѾûǰǿˡ
ٹһʱ䣬һСĽƣ챾ҲԽСָֻɽĽƣȴô׿ġ
ϹһԿףԶòħѾѰͻָɽķħͨӦа취⿪ָɽķӡʱ򣬷ԪȫᡣʱԴһСɾ磬ͻƵɾ磬Ҳһ
С˹ȥȵ뿪ԪŴӵվ˿ķ˼Ȼ΢΢һЦϷ֮ⱼӶȥ
ԪҲȷҪǰС˼ֻǺܿͷˡΪС֮пԽ̫ˣԴž޴ȱݡһȱݣһʱ֮䣬޷ơǳȥضܹ
ԪûȥС硣ҪѰϹиϾУ


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ԪҪһԵõϹиģֻǺѪʹ˹Ԫòж˼ƻԪѾӡС֮ڣҪҵСҲʲôѵ顣
Ϲи̲޾и֮һԪգиκһж
˵ԪеĺɫؽֻͨϹиܹиȻõϹŽ
ȻԪ˵Ҫһԭǣ쾫ͨϹŷӡϹŷӡǿޱȣһӳԪΧһжӡԪҪѳȥܣֻϹипϹŷӡķӡƣ
ҲԪܺһԭ
Ԫһ·űķ˹ȥΪԪоСʱڱһ·ϣ˲ٵǿߣֻԪԼϢûбԷ֡
һССѪʹԪܶͶ㡣ȻһѪʹԪ˵㲻ʲôնɱ¾նɱһѪʹ֮󣬺ܿͽʱ򣬵ȴԪľ·һˡ
һ·ӣԼҹʱ䣬ԪڵϷı߽硣ֻԽϷı߽磬ؾԽɭԪҲС
һǽؼӹ̣ǵˣԸǿߣһһţҪԪ顣
ѾԪΪһ壬ֻԪܹ״߷Ĺãκ˸ܹϵ£ûһţһһֻŽռȻͨΪԼ԰ռ飡
ԪЩҲͲͨҲû˻͡˰ĬĬѰͻ֮ء
ʱ䲻࣬ٶȴһķ֮ͻΧȥɱһѪ·뿪Ϸ𡣶һЩ֮˸ססĻÿÿൢһ֣ԽΪһ䶯Ϸǿ߶»Ϲ
ԪĬĬѰͻ֮ءǰһƬ򣬴ʮƷˣʮѪʹʮɮˣһطľƷˡÿһѲ
ǰԪģǾƷˣСǿߡʵ΢ˣ¶档
ԪĬĬصȴŻᣬȵЩڱλ͵ʱԪͻȻһȻӰ˳
Ӱһһĺ⣬תһЩͺХͬһЩ;Ʒ˺Хȥ
ЩϷ߾ľƷˣԭƣ֮УͻȻһɺϮõɫɵһ䣡ȵ۾ʱֻǿ˹һһǿ
Щÿһ֮ϣ̲ķâƣһ£ƶƿһһ㣡
޾ɱ£ؼֶõЩƷ˷׷׸о
ǵ˵۷ҲҪţͣ޵ЩСС˲ǵģ
һѪʹͷһȻӰһҪһһȻķӭȥ
޵ʲô޵޵е˼ǾƷ˾޵֮СҲֻѷɫѡԸͲЩĹƣ
˵ССһЩҲͬ˺ǣΪǵѾӲͬķ
Ѫʹ߳ȻӭȥҪֵ˫ֲ俴̬һ㣡
ʱһҲȻ£ֻ˺һԭޱȵѪʹһӾͱƿѪһΣױնɱ˺ѿ
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һеľƷ˶һ׷׶Ѫʹ䶼ЩĶ֣οأ
飬ǧҪɲô׵顣ֻһҽ֮˷𣬲Ƭ̣ʮλƷ֮£
Ԫһͬһ󼲷Х֮ץסһ۳ɵĴ󵶣Ϸ߾ӶȥЩڻȥľѹƣ
Ԫ
Ԫ֣ЩƷɫ䣬ԪǰľƷһ
ԪʵǿģԪǱӶƷ˻ڲţܵѹ
ܵ赲Ԫȴֲܹ뿪һʱ֮䣬֪Ǻã
ԥ֮ʱԪȻӵǰ䣬ͷ͵رѪͨ˵ϣɴ۾ŲҾ㵵飡
Ѫӿͷʬм䣬ԪӶûпһֻۣһǰķǰţ
ʱԪ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
һҪ̵ʱɱΧɱһѪ·Ƭ̣ɾǿ߶ᵽʱҪѳȥ͸ˣ
һҽԪΧ쳹ЩƷ˱Ԫ֫壬˻֮Ѫ䣬Ѫɣ
Ԫͺһǰδеķһ·ХȺɱɭι̣Ҳܹ赲Ԫַֺ
Ԫķɱ֮£ƺѾûκε谭ܿ죬Ϸ߽ԽԽԽԽˣֻҪڹƬ̣ԪͿ뿪Ϸ𣬽뱱֮У
ɾʱһǽȻԪǰޱȣһӶסԪĵ·
һϢĽ䣬ض·˲Ԫһڰڣֻÿռ䶼ױⶳĪһ⣡סΣԪǰȥֻһվǰ


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۾סԪԪѾһһ㣡
һͷͬһͬһͬһÿһ缡ÿһëףһ
ɢبŵķâҪ͸һҪնУûκεĶܹ赲ķâɱ⣡
ķâɱ⣬Ԫ¥Ͽǰ˲¥Ӧú¥һģΪӵͬϢ
Ԫ˿Զ֣棬ʮֻȻӡŸۣ
ڸɽ£ڰʮԼ֣
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Ԫ֪ʵĿ¡ϣÿһεУһ޴Ĳ࣡һεܾζʵĳѹƣҪ˵ʮˣʮ˾ʮݣŲԽĺ蹵ǵ
ԪûкˣΪ·ˡֻһǰһˣϾͻᱻϷڵɾǿ߲סԪҪѶܹԾǿĶ֣ԪҲֻܹǰķնɱ
ԪǰǸҲؿԪĿķâ
Ԫܺá˵ﵽɾ磬ͺ¿ɱ㡣֪ɱ㣬֤ܲɾ
ĮԪϣͬʱûһһ㣬ͷ·һĽֻɱ
һˣԪȰֻоԵʵܹѹס
Ԫֱó˺ɫؽ׼˸졣¥ûɱ죬ôԼʹ¥ɵ
ߣһҲҶ
Ԫһںɫؽȴ¶һĨĳЦȻָһ̧
ָһ̧һ˲֮䣬һȻӸָ̼䣬͸еʱһ㣬Ƭ̵ĹԪǰ
һָ񽣣
ĸֱ
ֻһָ̲ŵȴǿǿޱȣبŵķâԴ͸һһ㣡һָǰԪȻоԼ궼ױⶳһ㣬Ҫܹ
µһ
Ԫɫޱѿû뵽һԼͷӳµ
һָ񽣣ضϹŽ֮еϹ֮еһУ
¥˵̹ϹŽǰУԸǿߵʵټϹŽķâҪԸʵǼޱȣ
Ԫ͵ؽɫؽǰȫӿ׹ɫؽ֮УǿټϹԪܲԴ
Ԫɫؽ֮кȻõɫؽâʢԭĺɫؽ˲â

Ԫĺɫؽһָ֮ϣһ˲䣬ɲǱܼȥ飬Ҫأռ䶼׸ѿһ㣡
Ȼһ֮£޴ĳϣȻֱӽԪ˸Ʒ˳ȥԪԭ㾡˱ֵû뵽Ȼһиˣ
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Ԫ嵹ɶһѪ˳ڰȻһתŲֻ䶨˵ϣ̧ͷ죬ɫò԰ޱȣ
ϹŽǿԵټʵֱһʱâ޶
ԪȻҲֵһУʮаԽǰǿߵʵԽۻ벻˼飡
ԪʮԭΪһֵýֵĶ֣û뵽ȴ˲һԪʵڲֵɽ綯ɱһˣ
ɫԽĿԪԪѾһһ㣡Ȼһת𣬷Х֮أʱնҪ׸ѿһ㣡ɱԪħǰɱҲɱ˵ˣĽģ֤Ϊɾ
˽һ
ʹԪɫٶһ䡣֪ǸʩչϹŽ֮е˽һˣ
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ʩչϹԸԼԪֻϹսˣȻֱӻὫϷиֶԪ
ԪһϹսתԲ֮ڵȫתһһ飬Ԫڳӿ
һ˲֮䣬Ԫ˶ĵ嶼·ЩۻƺƸ׸סˣΪһ𴿴ʵ
ߣȻʹϹսãҾҪϹսʲô£ܹŵʮϹ֮ף
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ʱ˿̣ԪɫҲȻһڵƷתࣵȻһɫбɣ
ԪſڣȻ˳ȥ
һɫУ۶ɵģһХȥ֮󣬾ʹռ䶼ʼ䶯ŤХ֮ƶҪ˵Ķһ㣡Ÿ˽һȥ


683 
һԪԼɵȡѰͨƣȴ֮ڴǿ᲻֪ٱ
ɫзתһһ㣬˼Х֮ͺʱճױŤתһ㣡ÿǰһ֣۵ƾԽǿһ֣˸ǰ֮ʱѾʮС̲Ų˼Ŀս
䣡
һϹŽ֮е˽һһϹս۶ɵ裬߷һ𣬳õضɫ״ɱϹĳ׽棡
ֻһǰδеĺ¡ը쳹ضһ㣬Ȼ𻨺񼤵˳ȥ
Բ֮ڣһɪγһһǿ쫷磬ڷĴ򼤵
ǰҪ׷Ԫǿǣûü巢ʲôǿµ쫷ϣһ˲䣬ǵȻ˿Ȼһӻ촷ۣ
Ű쫷磬ʺ֮رݺᣡ
ܰ
һʮǿ߿ϯ磬ɫ䣬̲סһǻûȵתȥһХֱӽնɱʮˣҲһи룡ѪɣʬҰ
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ǿߵĽ棬ޱķӳʵһּʤˣ
һ֮£ԪǿվסһѪ˳ɫ԰ޱȣڸղŵһ£Ҳش
ƽڷӿѪԪ̧ͷǰ
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ĹƶסһĻԪ֪ʲôʽԶԿ졣
Ԫǰϯֿ£ǿռ䶼Ťţ龰ȵ糹䶨ʱһƬ֮Уʾ˸Ӱ
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ڸŴƿһС״ѪܵĶһƬ͸ܹأԾǱԪģ
һεѪؿԪ޾Ĳʣ
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ԪһĴ
ԪһĴ񷶼űһ㣬һеһУԪһƵ֮Уֻתı֮ȻȻ˸ϣ

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ܣҸҪΪʥˣҲܣһûѧϹŽ
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췢˻ͬڵдһ㡣ֻԪûٸκεĻᣬһһŸͷХ˹ȥ
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ѹֵʯǰϹսԼʱҪ֮ĿһУԭģ
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ԪһʮλáֻһΣʵȻȴûٵΡ
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Ԫһͷ˽˱ϤϢӭԪȻһãݽʩչױ仯ΪһİӵģᣬŲʮģһṫӡ
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Ԫıǳأͨݡ
ԭԪͨҵСģȴСͨݣԪֻͨˡ
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飬ǲԶʱĴ˵𣿾ȻĴڡ˵õԳأ
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ֹ飬ԪҲôǿ߸ˡԪǾҲ·һ
䶯ʱҸպҲڳһҰ˶ˡӰǴ˵еɽһҲ˵Ӱòϧδһ

һһ˹۷׷סԭԪЩ۵ģӰʱŲסһ¡
ӰɽһŮǵȻǲܼˡȴҼһ档
һƵĽͱס˾̳ӵ
ƹһƷˣҲܹӰʹţɣ
ǡӰɽһŮ˵ɽ˰ĽòءѰƾҲܹһ棿

һһ˹ȻǼ䲻ƹ˵Ļƹȴһߣվ
ǲžˡҾƹǾƳǵӰҾƳѧϰ֮żȻӰķݡӰĻ񣬲ǹ
ƹӻóһӣãһȴü侫»ɼһӺǰϧС֮һͳǰ
һ˶˹׷׿⻭
ۣȻɷ
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һһ˹ƺӰòסˡǿջҲһӰ
ԪûйȥǴӿջֱ߹ˡӰȥƳƵ飬ԪҲǵõġ
ΪԪϲȾƳǵʮ¾ƣһʱʱӰһߺǳԪ׼ȾƣһȴֶƳѧϰֻ֮Ӱѧ֮ԪȴͻȻֿʼˡЩ飬һ㣬һĻĻԪǰ
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мܹõ֪ա
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ֻ߹һκڰܹӭֻӵоԵʵܹڵӣȻȡ֮ӰȻ
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СΪǱ³ϵ˸ˣתһԪ˹һֱָԪѣ
ֻǻûеԪǰͱһָסˣ
СֻǰһӰ֪ǰ֮˭ԼһȻ׼סӸе˳һֱ̧ӺԪ֮䣡
ֻһȴԾɱԪһָסˣǯסһ㣬áԪҲ֪ôһЩʱղСˣһʹ֣һֱӽС񵹿Լһס죡
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һֺȻһԪץ˹һƿնܹһһ㣬õԪ޿ɶ㣡


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һŽɫĴţ̱ޱȣСǰһɫǰɫȻһãȻڽɫ֮ȻһԿ׿ף
СæȡԿף˽ȥһɫžʹˡСæƿţ˽ȥ˳ֽԿ׸˳
һЩӦĴµӷ׷˹ǵ֮ʱɵĴѾ׹ˣСҲӰ


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С˨ûţǸ˨Ķһ˨ͿԴźţûкԪϺõĻпɾŽʱ򣬾ʹˣɵ֮УΪ˶Щɾǿߡһɾɵ֮У͵ڻٵɵ

һɾʵǿޱȣԪҪ߼ѡһƣɾԪſµɱѹһ󣬾ܹԪĳɻһ㣡
ԪֻܹšһʵȲɾҲû㹻ľȥɾɾĿѾﵽˣҪɾ
ԪӲ˵ģ
Ԫɾϵ˹ԪԽԽԽԽˡӴۻϢ޾ѹѹȣȻȶһ㣡ԻһеĿϢ
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Ӵʮ׸ߣվ˸߿УһУԲЩãȻ޴룡
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Ĵһվڸ߿в֪ǺáԶйѣǰ˴յרڣȴ˵ǿ
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һҲԪð˳˳׳֮У񶼽һøɸɾ

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698 Ԫ
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ۣóԣɱɱ
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ɾǿߣܹ˵ǵˣûȴû뵽Ԫǰ˲һұɱҲˣȻҪ̻ԣֱȶħҪħ

Щ˻ҪܡϧԪϹǺݺм䣬õʣĽոѲˣ
Ԫһ߶ϹиնɱЩ޴գһʶΧϾƹͺ¿ɱЩյġܿͺ¿ͻϵ֮ʱҪײԪЩ
ͬһʱ̣ԪһЩʶҲԶߵϡֻϣ񲻶ϱš
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ʱɽǿ߶׷׿񣬵ɴ۾һĽʼɺ޵顣
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ȥ˳Ҫư񰡣
Ϲʱ˿̣ѾЩɿζʳסˡģһһڷڱôãûôԹڳˣȻҪԸЩܹͻƴ磬ͻɾ磡


699 ʯ
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С˾ѰʺԼĹͨȥɵ鿴һ£ɵЩʲô
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ԪһҲû˵ʲôת뿪ˡĵλǺܸ߰
Ԫתһ֮ɽ˹ȥһɽߴ󣬺֮ͦһ㣬ƣһ֮
Ԫһʱææ⣬ûϸ鿴ɵɵϣϸŷɵȻһƬ뵣Զһ㣬Ʈݳĸо
ѡһطӣҲһġΪطʺסľޱȡ
ԺҵӰԪԴӰӡӰԣ˪СɣŷˣС˲ԵĻԪԽһĺ󹬡һȺŮ˸ɴסˡ
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Ԫǰһ̤˹޾ϣ˸һ⻰ʵ̶ȣ˵óõ


705 
Ԫ֮䣬֮ϣϰԵһĿ˶ֻսëȻĸо
ûһ˸վǵѩ֮ɱ˲ˡΪվζ˶֪ԪһλΪ˸ģ첻ѩ֮УûκһֹܹԪ

Ԫǰһһ˳
˶ŵе˫ȷȻһ̱˵ϣԪǿ֮£ûܹܵסǸоѪӿҪױˣ

ԪǰһӿһҲ۶ɣһɲǼ䣬ЩɢķâֱֿԴ͸һеԵϣâɱѹÿһ˶ֽ֮ٵĸо
ûж֣ѹҪˣ˭ܹܵס
һ
Ԫؿ칬ΧˡϵĿ־ͺ£ѩ֮УǷ¾ʱѩҲڣһֵˣͽӦҲǳһͷĿֻź
Ȼ˲ʶôôãɣ
ģ
Ԫָһָһ˲䣬ΧȻЩûһԸվǾȫɱˣɱҲŹ
ǧǧһӺХ˳ȥ˳Ԫָһָӵʶһ㣬Щ칬˿񱼶ȥ
ģϹŽ֮еһУһɫ䣬ľԱϵ£еһУΪԪһ㣡һǰң
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˺
أռ֮Уһƿ֮ʱնŤתһ㣡
ǳ˳һ㣬칬˿׷ȥ
Ѫʹӵзӳ֣ҾͲţɱң
һѪʹһһѴ䵲ǰ棡ȫӳϣͼֵԪһ
գ
һ쳹һֱӴ̴˴󵶣һѪʹҲȻ̴ˣ

Ѫʹɴ۾ͨһԵ˵ϣϾǲŵ飬û뵽ԼһѪʹԪǰȻ㲻һ
ģһÿһޱȣһ·׷ɱţеѪʹҪͨת䣬ķʽЩĹƣȴû뵽ǣЩȻӰΣһһѪľһ㣬ɱһѪʹϰݣЩѪʹת䣬ת룬ԵĴӵ굽ǰȥɱÿһ۾һ㣡
Ԫվ˸߿УؿһСΧҽ֮Щ칬֮˱һһ¾ȴû˿ͬ顣
Щˣ
ԪӰһһ칬֮С
ڴɵڹƣԼ칬칬һеĴʱ
ʱ䲢ûкܶ࣬Ϊ칬ıʣܿͻ֪һϹ

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һССĽƣȻɾ档ɾȻӦѾ˷״̬
ֻƣȴɿȻû˿ܵɾӰ죡֮ڣСϹеÿҰãԽԽǿҲԽԽ̩֮Ȼˣ
ʲô
ͻȻ䣬ͣһ㵵ؿķ
ոյϢԪȻˣ
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ɫ䡣
Ԫɵ֮ôܽ칬֮У
ʱһһǰĿռ䡣ʱһ澵Ȼǰͳ칬һУľ֮ͨ棬칬ڵһһȻͬҪ칬һ񾵣
һãܿͳ칬һУ
һƬǽ壬ԪվϣؿһС
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ɾľɾɾ׷һ٣⾵֮С񹥴ƣҪѰԪõ飬˭֪ԪȻܵȥˣ
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սȭͷӶ
ԪôɵȥģѾ칬һʵ칬֮ڣıԴҪǱԪˣǾһ޴ģ޷ʧ
ԲܹԪóˣ
ɾ񹥴ɵԪȴ֪ˣֱǽǵ˺һϷˣ
֮ˣǰ칬Ԫˣ
ۻ˹ȥںԼ½šһȻ񱼶ȥ
ߣ
ɾľɾɾɾǿҲͬʱһ칬˹ȥ
ΪɾǿߣȴԪһССˣתֱǶ档Ƕ˵ȴǰ취ûУ
ҪץסԪ飬һֻܹԪߡֻܹȡԪһˣ
ܹ飬ҲֻǱԪǣűˡָֻܹܹԪôһ
챼ǰ棬һŭݡһȥ˽šΣҪ˽߾ŬܸĴۣҪԪס
ֻҪԪס칬֮УȻɾǿ߸ϵſԽԪס
ɵʵ̫ŹˡһǰţһţѾǷʤˡھȻһͨԪͨͨǽǾֻܹԪǣűߣˣתˣ޷̵飡


706 ħ
칬鵤Ҳؽơ˵ǹѰҪ룬ǲܵ顣
ûϵԪϹиϹиޱȣһнƵĿǣ
Ϲи
ԪһһϹи۶ɣǰҵĽơһ˲ͱƿԪ˽ȥ
ϹиƶпοСС칬Ľƣ
һ߽һ֮Ũ˱ǶԪһ崺ĸо
ұ֮ԪڱڵҩһҪḻһƿӣ澡ǴԪ԰ƣ
ԪȫΪСǰȥһӣ˿һ˱ǶȻһһĺѩ
һƬѩףɢʥĹǺѩģ
Щѩޱȵģ˺׵ҪŵԳɳһʮԪ͹
ѹܹƷˣһԾϣô̵ʱڴﵽСɾ磬ԭΪõôı
ԪȻȫռΪС
ɽ̹
ִһӣһȵȻǻɽֻ̹ɽ̹ҪǱϹõĻϹʵǿ޾ôԪȻȫռ
һһƷ鵤ÿһѵáԪ֮ȫԪ¡۵ĵҩԪҲŹ
Ҫ칬øɸɾһ㶫ʣ¡ԼùȥιҲԡ
Ԫ칬ѰţʶӿϹи칬費ԼԪһ·޵У칬н䶼һ飬᲻÷õļƷ鵤ȫһɨ⣡
Ԫ칬ڷţһȻ𾪵칬ǿ߶׷״Զ˹
һˣѪ֮µѪʹĪ죡
ĪСʵΣһ칬£ѲΣõϢ֮󣬱˹
Ӱһ칬˵֮УתȻΧγ˵磬һ·Ӷ޾ѹ
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ĪһһڿһץһѾ޴ĽɫìͳУ
ɫìһ֣Ȼһ䣬޾ķâУ
һĪ죬ʹﵽС磬Ϊ֮ˡԺпܾͻͻСɾ磡صĶҲ칬˵ŷ
ȻֻСĵȼʵȴ޷һ֮ȺۣһٳΪѪʹ䣡
Īһ֣˶ǾһһѪʹ䣬ִ칬ҪѹԪӦû࣡
Īˣ
̫ˣĪˣ칬оˣ
һһڰ칬æ˷ܵԾԾԣҪ칬ΧһԪʵ̫ˣˣҪһ칬ѹĪ䣬ʾһˣ
Ԫͷ¶β칬ʲôָҹ
Ī˸߿У
칬ڣӶżƷ鵤ԪûȥĪ죬ֻתȥָһ
ʱһͻȻԪָбĪȥ
һĪ죬ԪţҪԪȳɾʱǰһȻϮտʼؾԽԽԽԽǿˣ
Ī¶˲飬Ҫ赲һָһϣһĪΧеĽ綼˲Ī˶ױѳΪ촷ۣɢˣ
ָ죡
һָһһСǿ߾ͻҷˣ
ʱԭΪĪۼ칬ַ׷״һսæֶ˳ȥһԪʵ̫ˣԭΪĪܹѹס棬˭֪Ԫû¶棬ֱӽɵˣ
Ԫһָ̲˿µܣ˭ҳͷԪأ

Ԫ칬ڷӶᣬ˰ʱŴ칬бӶһӳ˸߿Уɨɨ칬ˡȻתӶ
Ѿ칬еĶӶһ࣬ò˶ãͻץʱУ
ԪȻŶĵķӶȥˣҪǰ֮ǣȻٽԼѪ
Ѫһʥǿ£ǵԪĺɨɽֻΪ춯ϹŷӡӡԪʼ޷õѡ
ʵϣԪͻ֮󣬾һֱܵѪԼٻϹиȥѪ
Ԫһ·ŶıӶȥһ·ϣȻûκһ˸֮ˣԪ֣޲ýҸضԼﻹеԪ
Ԫһ·̤նУĵط񣬸˵衣ڿҪ뿪ʱԼϢ
Ͼһĵ̣ϤԺ衣ǵ˶ľͲһˡ
ϢԪһֱ֮ǵķ˹ȥֻǻû֮ǣĵ·һӾͱһ˸סˣ
ȷе˵Ǳһѵסˣ
ֻǰķһƬ֮£һںɫĵԪǰʮɸߣְԵ°ζ
ڵͺһʱͿռ䶼ֹһ㣬һ˵ķâ͹¼ţ
ԪĿһڵϣŲһӶסˡ
һڵԪʶһʥһǺԼѪĿ񵶣ħ
ħ֣ζŵħˡû뵽Լ칬ᣬȻ⵶ħˣ


707 ʥ֮
һħǰס˵·ģħ֮ϣиӰ˳䣬ԵؿԪţһֺ󣬾ĸоһ㣡
˱ǵħ֮ħ
нգеħħǵ֮ħ£ɽĸ󽫣ʵѾеģһǿߣ
ħһΪɿΪƾħϧħ֮УԼѪħ֮УճɾһھƷʥ
ԼǰָܵʹԼˣ
Ԫ𣬵ѩһսδܹ㽻֣ħδѪ棬ҵħһźȴҵħԹ
ھ㣬ɾĵħ֮ɣ
ħؿԪ
ɽ֮Уʥڵֻһ⵶ħеľħһԪѪ
⵶ħҪԼѪ˭ĵֻһֱûлᡣһΣˣԪ֪һսԶ㲻ˣ
⵶ħĵĸ֣Լʮеʵ࣬һĴ
ٴԪҲ޷ܣ
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ؼ䣬ڵʥһھħһѪҲ֪ľħҵѪҸΪһսɱ⣬ԪʹӦһս
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Ȼܱ⣬͸ɴһսöûѪˣҪѪˣ
ãɷһŵǧȥ֮ǽѪȡٺһս
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Ԫһ֮ǵķ񱼶ȥħҲȻȥ
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Ԫһ·ӣ֮ܿǡһ۾ͿǺɫϹŷӡ֮·ӡѪ񵶣
һѪɫ񵶣ļƺΪԪ˷ܲѣԪûдﵽʱѪ񵶲¶棬ΪǣԪڣ֪ԪˣѪ³ʱ̵ˣ
Ԫˣҵþˣ
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Ԫ߽ѪַϤеĸоͺڶԻһ㡣ȻԪһһϹиɣȻ۳һϹиնϹŷӡ
һƴϹŷӡĽ˲ƿɲ֮䣬ѪһڷĴ󵶺Хϣһ˲䣬ضһ㣬ȻһѪɫѪ񵶾ԪУ
ͬǰһأ
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Ѫ˵ķأԪƾѪһնɱɾɾ֮λģ
ڣѪֻصԼԪ񿴵˵Լһǰңһ̿ʼҲͬˣֳѪٴκɨɽ磡
Ѫ񵶣սܣս񣬾Ӧֳս
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һǾħһѪ񵶣ǿĵʥԭһӦþʤһ̣Ҳ
ħѪ񵶣Ҳƺ˴˵ķâȾˣԱŷķâһ֮ɣµķâõʱһŤת
Ѫϵļ֮ԪܹоѪļ˷ܣһ˷ܹԼս˷һܹǿĶ֣ԽǿĶ֣ԽѪ˷ܣ
һɽݶ֮ҲܴʥԪǾѪҵľħ
Ѫ񵶣Ȼɱ㣬Ϳ֤ҵħĵģȻӭɾ٣ҵħһ̤ɾ磡
ħץס˺ɫħͻȻŭһ
һӣ廯һ̣˺ɫħ֮У̼䣬ɫħϷâͱŷõһɫ䣡
ûκεԥֱԵȻ֮䣬ն£һķâҪظһ㣡
ħƣ
ħ쳹
ħҪնɱԼѪ֤ԼĵġԪҲͬҪ⵶ħѪķâ
ܵ˾ħѪҲǷ񼤵һɲǣԪץסѪȻӭȥ
ر䣡
ȻûмѪˣԪѪ˿İһץסһƾͱˮĬޱȣ˵һ⾳
һر䣬̼䣬±ɫѪȻ£Ȼӭɫħ
ʥ𵶿͵Ĵ߷֮£¶һ˲䣬Ķ񶯵׺֮
Ȼ󡭡
䣡
һ쳹һ£˲žžܼȼգһƬռ䶼˺ѳǧǧ죡
һ֮£Ԫ͵ħ˼׷ɫһǸо˶Էǿᣡ
һѪ񵶣ħʥ
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ħȻѪ𣿡
ܵħԽǿϢԪһ𣬴һ
ǿǾ͸ǿؼ䣬Ǿµ𣡡
ѪҲһ󼤵âתԪ׻һ
ãȻˣôһнƣ
ԪҲԽսԽ͡⵶ħҪɱԼ֤ԼֺγҪɱ֤أ
һԼѪֻһΣһΣõѩʧܣԪҲܣܰܣҲ䣬һ̿ʼҪӮҪԶӮ
ԪѪ֮УѪҲ˲䱩Х֮Ȼ͵һвƺ⵶ħӭȥ
һвƣԪȫͱʤһ֮󣬱Ŵݿ࣬صܺϣɲǼ䣬һѪɫâ˺˲棬˲ķâϣ
ããģֻһĨѪɫ̼أȻһѪɫâȻ£˺ɫĵ֮ϣȻ棬һ˲䣬Ȼֱи£޴µĺɫ޵г룡ȻʣնⶫĴ֮ϣ
ãһƬĴأһӾͱѪ񵶸˺һ޴Ŀӣ
ض籯һ֮£ݲԪֳѪ񵶣Ȼ֮䣡޾ķâŰԵ磬սۣվţһս


708 ʤ
ããؼ䣬ĿġĴ֮ϣһâ˸Ŵս̡֮
磬ŰϯʵһƬ촷ºȻһһĿӣһ˫ĿΧһɨȻ͵սȭͷ
ɶһ
ţ˸ŷŭ޵Ļ档칬Ѿ׻ٵˣе鵤ԴȫӶһգ
ϵ⽻ս֮أȴԪѾˣ˲գ
ۣ
ǰһӿһѪȴЦ
û뵽ҵħȻǰˣ
ҲգҲգҵħһ׷󵶵Ȼ޷ɾ͵֮ڵ֮£Ҳһ£
ħͷɢȻ͵һԼ֮ǣȻһƣȻ촷ۣɢˣ
ԪĵƣԶҲɾͲ𵶵乶ӴĻţʹ˸
ûõĶ
俴⵶ħһۣȻӰһ칬Ӷȥ
ɵʵ̫ͰԵˣĴɾ֮ȻҲƲơɵǰţֱܵǸԪṩȻķƾ衣˿أɹȫڱľ棡
죬һɾɱһССǣűߣħһΣһҪҵԸƵİ취
ħصķӶȥ취ҪԸɵƣȴ޼ƿʩ
еһϣħˡֻħ񣬲ܹԼ취ԸԪ

ڴͬʱҲȻһáϣԪֲ
ԭʮλãȴһ·Ȼֱ˵ĵλãȡ˵ħλãħҲһӴϳʧˣٴͬʱһãԪ֮µ˶׷һ֣
ۣ⣬Ҳ̫̬˰ɣԪСӾȻѾˣ
֮ڣϹϵı仯Ŀࡣ
ԭ˶ɵ֮ڣֻԪ֪ôģһӴɵ֮ʧˡҲ뿪ɵ
ϹСͲ²Ԫɵڣҵܵ뿪ɵû뵽Ԫһ뿪ֱӾʹʮ˵һγʵȻˣ
ѵͻƴ𣿡
СҲ̧ͷһ㵡
ϹʵѾѸˣȴԶԶ޷ԪȡϹһһεԪȴֱӴʮ˵İ
ɽ磬ʵܹѹԪˣ¶ֻвʮˣ
ʵûͻƴĻҪ֪ǰ棬󲿷˶Ǵ簡
ҿɾͲ֪ˡĴɾˣ򿪳Խʱˣ
ϹȻһҪƺųȥʱһӰȻǰһģֱϹͷϣֹϹĶ

Ϲҽһͨ˵ϣһӽضҳһӡ͵̧ͷҪŭȴָղźݺݸԼһµȴԪһǻŭ޴ˣ
˵򲻹ԪùԪҲԪֵģ
磡
ԪˣСæȥ
ԪҲ֪ôɵڳȥģԪսСﵣǵòˡҪ֪棬ԪĵˣЩˣһһҧгݣҪԪأ
ԪҸʲôҪȥҰζˣ
ϹȻԪСǰһƺǲ
ûҵ˭Ҳ׼ɵ
Ԫ˹ɵһеƾڡʧȥɵıӣǾֻ·һɵĿֻоܹͬһһСģһɾǿ˽ʱӦϣԪ˾ͳ޼ƿʩˣ
ɣĴɾѾ
ϹҪ죬ԪһĿ˹ϹԹԱ졣
ɵǰźţһܵǰźܵûҵɣ˭ʹáҴ칬ģԾͳ԰ɡ
ԪӻȡһȻ̯һЩƷ鵤Ʒݣͺһ㣬һӶѻһɽŨȻɢõɵһƬζ֮У貵鵤ε۾ֱˣ
⡭
һѶʤļƷ鵤СҲǵɴ۾šû뵽ԪȥһΣȻͽ칬ˣһô༫Ʒ鵤
ɽ̹
һѻĻɽ̹ǰȵɢõϹ۾һֱ
ɽ̹Ϲ֮󣬶ΪĪôģ
̫ˣֿʵˣ
ϹȻȥһֱӳһĻɽ̹ڴԪһӴôóԵģǰԪӣݺһµĳһӾͱǵɢˡ
СҲһЩ鵤ʵ
Ԫ˿СȻӰһɵķӶȥ
һβ˴ɵǰܵһݺݻһ졣ȷʵһĵ飡
ѪѾصԼԼʵҲǿѪļ룬ԪѾ
ǻû꣬Ҫץʱ̴С칬鵤һСָϹСʣµģԼúó̴磡
Ԫɶ֮У£ȡӶ鵤ʼǱ£һööƷ鵤Ҳӿ⻪Щ鵤ҩˣ


709 
һööƷ鵤ԪԪֻоڷ񼤵ţˢԪ壬һһ飡ÿһγˢԪһ̥ǵĸо˵ζԪɣ
Ԫսȭͷÿһо͵һ㣬ΪҪƴˣ
ʱɸȻſ˿ڣƣһӾͽԪ˸ɸɾɸһڳԵһ㣡
޵׶޵׶
Ԫüͷһ칬ļƷ鵤ѾĿСˡȴû뵽ɸռ֮ÿһһƷ鵤ɸ˸ɸɾ
ԪҲǷϵţѾһĺ嫵ز
ӴպɾٵʱһԸ޴ڶȹɾ˵ȻǺôޣ
ֻҪιɲʲô׵飡
Ԫ˿õļƷ鵤Ѿûжˡ
һתԴ͵һĵزҲ֪ӼƷ˿ʼÿһͻƣķѵԴǱ˵ʮ
ҪС磬ͻƵ磬ҪļƷ鵤Ǳ˵ǧ֮࣡ҪԴԽ࣬ͻƵѶȻҲԽĴˣ
һСС칬ӻġ
Ԫ̾˿С磬ҪͻƵ磬ʵڵ죡
ԪٶץһѼƷ鵤칬ڵļƷ鵤֮ԪҪһ취ɽȡ鵤ԴУ

ɵһƬϹСҲڷšϹ⻪˸ţԪļƷ鵤ʵڲóšϣһƬζԿϹ
ɵ֮⣬־ۼ˲ٵɾǿߡһһӵɵΧУ
û취ջʵ̫ˡ䶯ɽ磬ǿ߷׷׸˹㲻ɾǿߣЩҲ뿴ûɵûʲô˿ɼ
ɾľɾɾһһ˹вҲɽѰɵĵܵ
ֻããɽ֮Ҫҵһܵ˵ǼޱȡҾҵˡƵǿ֮Ԫ˭ܹɽɵ֮ˡ
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Ԫ˸߿УűСһֱһʯͷԭҪȵԼȹɾѺȥҹСɵġû뵽ھȻˣ
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Ϧͷû˱˽ⱱڵһС
Сģ
ԪץסϦļЩ
֪ҲûõġɳҲɾ磬򲻹ġ
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ˣϦôڱڣûȥɵ𣿡
Ԫѯʡ˵Ϧ޵ǱӦűȥɵŶԡϾһᡣ
Ҳû졣֪ȥϷԭҪⱱڽһ췭ظģû뵽
Сɿ˿ԪĿ⽻ӣû뵽Ķͬ˼Ҫűǿ߳Ȼһ
Ҳѹ֣ȻȥǵҲһǿߡɵΧŲٵɾǿߣϦǹȥˣҲռʲôˡĴӪݺݸһҲǱһֶˡû׼һҴ۷Ϧһᡣ
ֻϦû뵽ûж֣Ԫˡ
Ƭ̣ԪǰͶѻļƷ鵤һһ˵ǺޱȡԪһץֱӽЩ鵤ȫĹĵģһεջͶ칬ջ񶼲ˡЩ鵤ֶ̤һ롣
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ԪץסϦ֣Ӱһ뿪˱ڡ
뿪ں˶ʮСɽ¡ԪϦ
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Ԫ˲Ѫ񵶡
ɳֻвʮԪʱֻŽСתԸ¡ȥһɱġΪܷŹСɵġԪ𣿡
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οԪڲȥȹСɵĻһ̣СɾҪʥĸͱȥвԼˡ
áȻˣҾȥߣ
ϦһȻű߱˹ȥȻ˽Ԫ͹С֮飬ܹԪΣն˶ȥȵˣ϶ԪҪ
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ԪҲ˵ͷһˣһϦԼȳСɣȻԼϦɱˡֻҪһ·ԼϦİȫˡ
ɳǱһܾԶĳϣ⼸ɽ֮Уûгһǰɽɳϵ֮ء
ɳϾ֮ͨһҪСġܹ֪ĽСɾȳҪǱ֣Ͳˡ
һǰ汼ţϦҲ˹ԪĬĬͷ
ܿһƬɽ־ͳǰһ·ɽдţܿһ޴ɽΧ
ɽȺߴɣɽ棬һΪٳɽɽΧվ˺ʿɳϵĵӣÿһǾƷˡһһ¶⣬ʾ˲ʵ
һһ˸
Ϧ㸺˽ң
ԪĿһɨжϡϦһ͵͵Ǳ뵽һ档
ȵϦλ֮ԪͻȻɽд˳ָǰһХ
ƷˣûüӦ˲ͱԪж˲ӣͨԵ˵ϣһûü
ʲôˣ
ˣӦɸһתԴֱӴӲϹȥѪӲϷӿ
ɽƷ˺Ԫ˿ϦҲͬ˳˽ˡ
ϦǰӰǾͨɱĸ֡ɱƷ˶˵Ͳʲô顣
ԪϦһۣȻһ˸߸ߵɽȡɽǰ棬һСǿֻԪһ֮ʱѾϢͷֱӽһץס˷飡ûüһСǿߣڴʱԪͬһ㣬ɾͿƿأ
һ޴ɽԪϦǰɽ֮⣬鲼ɫĹɳϲķơ
ӵϹиԪ˵ʲô
Ϲи
ԪһһϹиȻ۶ϣȻĵ֮ϣһӾͽƸƿˣ
һĻϦ¶˾㵲˼顣Ȼû뵽ԪȻͨ
ͨǿһиɳϵĽҲпҪ֪һɾǿ߲ĽưһԪЩʱյĳɳ̫˲˼ˣϵ׻жܣ
ߣ
Ԫʹ˸ɫϦһɽϦϸԪ󣬽ɽ֮һɭȻϢõԪϦɫؾ


715 ɳ
ɽ֮ڣһƬɭԪϦСţԭΪɳϵĵӡһɽյģӰûС
ɽϣ˸һƬƬɫҶӣһֻֻ۾һ㣬ڶԪϦϦһСǿߣҲоëȻĸоЩЩҶӣһܸһҿֲĸо
ԪʶӿѰŹСɵ䡣
֣ⲻɳϵڶôյģһӰûСף
ԪŬŬΪŵǰһŨͻȻ䣬ʲôԪӿ˽Ų
ɳҪҶӶᣬȻҪҶӺúιáȻҪúýҶιãȻٲЩ鵤֧֡
ԪһɹŨϣһ·ɽȥϦϸ󡣹СڵĵطӦԣŶԡ˳ķһ·ѰңӦܹҵСɡ
һ·ǰУԽԽԶģǰһƬá𽥵ĹһĿյسǰֻһƬ̵ĳӳ˾ͷƣŨ˱Ƕһ벻
ԪϦţֻֻĸоԪȥֻһƬ̵ĳ룬һһµŮСϸȥȻǹСɣȻСûбߣǱɽ
Сɣ
ԪһҪȥ
Ҫܣ
СɴԪѾ˹ȥʱͻȻһķԪӶ
Ԫɫһ䣬Ҫһ֪ʱһӾͽԪĽŸס
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ԪϾͱ˻˵ϣ
磡
ϦһĻɫҲһ䣬Ҫ˹ȥԪǴ˷ɫ˲ΧһӾͽϦס
Щļͣ۾һ㣬סϦԪȻõѲãҲһ£
ԪϦһ£ԽԽˣ
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ϦһһһڷХɫϣҪɫ
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ԪͬҲתҪɫԽѣԽоɫǿһµɫ֮ת
ǺôĵӣȻðҵٶ
ڴʱһȻ˹ǧ֮⣬ȴַ·ԪϦĶԣһ˵ɭͿֲ˶ëȻĸо
ɳϵԪϦСɵɫ䡣
ԲܱɳסˣȻ˵Ȳ˹СɣϦҲҪԼˮ
Ϲи
ԪһʱϹиȻתһиԪܱɣһ˲֮ķâ̾ͽԪɫ˲иݿ࣬Ϲиķֱ޿赲
ȻԪץסϹиȻϦ˹ȥиϦΧһ裬Ƭ̺ϦµȫԪնɱøɸɾ
ȻԪһŹС˹ȥиٶȻ裬Сɽ˳
磬㲻Ӧģ
СɱԪӵ뻳ԪǸжǵǡٴμԪﵱȻˡֻΪԼȴԪΣվ֮С
˵ｻҾˡϦ
ԪһѽСƸϦ
С뿪ӵԽԶԽá
Ԫɫһиһնһһ޴ɫȻͱԪն£ɫѪˮ
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ϦɫһҪԪս
ԣ磬ǸϹǲҪңߣŹҵģ
С˵ţҪƿϦԪһϹһɾǿߣʵֲǱҲǶ֡
ԪϦΪ˾ԼϹĵ̡Ǳסˣ롣ɲԪΪԼ£ϹҪֻԪ뿪ϹӦòΪѵģ
ߣ
Ԫи裬ɱȥһӣЩĲҽ֮
ԪɫҲǷѿǱȶ
ʲôãߣҲſԸųȥȻҶ
ԪѾоɳԽԽˣһɾǿǰôӶӲˣ
ƺԪŭ嵽ˣϦ͹Сɷ׷ɫһϦҲʲôˡһץסСɵ֡ȻԪִҪҲûа취Ϊֻ֮ȽСɴߣȻٻ취Ԫ
Сɣߡ
ϦŹСɵ־Ҫ뿪
磬һҪúñء
СҧסӣȻϦһ뿪
ԪһһȻʩչ
գ
γ棬Ȼǰ澢һ·գݿֱ࣬ӸϦ͹Сճһ·̳촷۷׷
ϦŹСһ·ӶСһţһ߻ͷԪķԪʧǵС
ʱԪһץѪɫѪ񵶳Уվ֮ܵڣӭǺڰ
ΪоһɼǿڷԽԽ죬ԽԽǿѪһӿ
ȴܹΪҪǶ㿪ˣСɺϦ;ӲȥһɾǿԪһ㣡
ԪҧһƬȼգĿԵüᶨޱȣ


716 
ԪץסѪ񵶣ؿǰǰһǿɱϮԽԽԽԽҲԽԽǿˣ
ͻȻ䣬һɫȻſһԪ˹
ƣ
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һԪ˼ɫҲȻƿ촷ۣǿ磬һŰõɽ
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ȻԶҵôĵӣ
·ľûſڣȴ˹øںԪ
ɳϣ
Ԫ֪ǰλһɾǿߣɫһ
֪ɳԪҪȡ֮Ƕĸжܹͣң֮Ϊ󽵵͡ûɾΪΪ㻹˰ȻĻ𣿡
һɾǿߣʵ¡ڵԪҲԲĶ֡οⶴ֮УԪ
Ԫֻܹ뾡һа취ʱ䡣
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ԪѪһյһԪ˶ƷȥһѪ˳
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ҪȥԼҪɽ֮ˡɳҪĲԪ޾Լ飬ÿ԰һԸ

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֮ˣϾȻҲ٣

ϦŹСһ·ӣһֱʮ￪һɽͣͷɽ֮У˶ǵĲѡ
粻°ɡҪ飬Һͺô찡
СԼĶӡȻ˵Щʱգһֱڵסƾ˵ڵ˶ԴԼͺӻ㲻ġ
СֻһƷˣǶĺӣȴѾƷˡ
ⱱϵ֮£û׼ԺΪҲһֻǣⱱڵĳҪᣬǹСɲܴӦ飡
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˿ɳ϶ķǵǡ
ϦҧСɵԪҲͬĲѡϾԪԼɲԪ顣
ԶĸɽһƬ𶯣֮Ԫɳڷţ
֮õùСɺϦǲѡͻȻ䣬һƬɽȻƿȻһ޴ޱȵɫ˸߿֮У
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磡
Ԫס˾֮УСɺϦһĶᵽɤӿڣ
ǿһɾǿ߰ԪܹԸģԪסȴ޲ߣһʱ֮䣬֪Ǻã
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䣡
һ쳹ضɳʯĽһƬ¡Ԫݺݵ˵ϣ
һĻСɫŵòҰˣ
û뵽ԪԼȴȴǱϸ
ϦҲһƬźͲšû뵽ԪȻôң
Ǳҳľ޴ӣںȻȥӰϦӶЩˡƬ̺ڵӰȻһƣ촷ۣʧˣСһʶӿ˹ȥϸ
硭
СˢˢӿҪ˹ȥȴСһץסˡ
ǲԪǿߣ
Ϧס˹Сת뿪
ϦǰҲΪԪһиɱˣǿӰֻ֪Ԫһ
Ҳ֪Ԫô÷ƭɳϵģЩܹܵˡΨһܹģǴŹС뿪Լ͹СҪٱɳϸסˣԪˣҲȲǣ
Ϧס˹Сɵ֣һǰȥ
Сֱϲɻ󽻼ӣʱ֪ǺáֻøϦһ·ˡ
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ɶ񰡣
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һСССȻϷŪңɶ񣡡
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Ƭ̺һŭٲƵȻХ˸߿֮УѰ


717 
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ԪһѪ˳Եڵءɳϵ֮ʵ̫ԵԪٱʮ˺ۣһʹҲǴӻ·˹
Ѫܣһڴɳϵѳ
ԪŲһ٣ץһ鵤ӽһҺӿ󴵷ԪǣõԪ˲١Ȼعͷȥȴɽ֮ϣɳϻڷѰԼ
Щ鵤֮Ԫƺ˲١
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ԪһȻűڵķӶȥһ߱Ӽţһ߶ô߷Щ鵤ҩԼ塣
ܿһ·ӣСɺϦӰͳǰ
Сɣ
ԪӶȥ˹Сɵǰ
磡
һֱڵ֮еĹСæ˹Ԫղһ˶ȥɳϣ˵ΣޱȡСԪ£ʱ򿴵Ԫƽ˹סԪҲƲסӿ˳
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Ԫüͷһ壬Ѱ˼ĥӰĺӣǺȡ˼£ӰЩ
СɵĻ
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ԪѰ˼Ƭ̵
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СɴؿԪһʱ仹ΪԼˡ
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Ԫס˹Сɣ§˻
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ÿһˣһܹ٣ԼԪˣ볤
ˣûˡٲߣɳ϶Ҫ׷ˣ
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Ϧһߣ
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ŮһУӡ˵һƬ¡𵴡ɳϣٲȻѾ׷ˣһһµغء
ȻҵĶԪӤҹ
ɲŹ㣡
ɳϵŭ쳹֮УԪȴԽԽԶˣ


718 
ʱһӹȥˣɵλǿߣȻվﾫⱬ䣡
Χסɵ֪ãλɾǿߣλǿߣ˵Ǵ̵ֶͨζóˣɾɵûа취
ɵڣӵ飬һģûκһԸŹʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ɾǿߣҲǲԵѰɵĵ·ڡѰ˸䣬ɾûҵ·ڡ
һĿ⣬һǿߣϣ˽졣
˸磬˵ˬٱԪ˽⣬ȻǲܷιСɲܵġֻҪԪŲ¹СɣǾ˵лᣡ
Сɣ
˿йʱ򣬱ŴӣĹСɴй˳˱ԱߣסˣһŮˣף˿סʣϧ
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ڲɵ֮ڡ㲻ҪܿͻٸҲ٣
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ߣһϣұ۸ҲãҾжһ첲ٲҾֱʬΣ
ɫһļ⵶ȻһһӾͽСһұжѪĽ

Сɲҽһһε˹ȥȴûôݺһУС˹־޴ʹ
ѪȵһĻõ˶תȥ
ס֣
СżöҪˡɵڣԪֲߣ֪ǺáҪһ׵Ůǰɱ

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Ϲ֪Լǵˡɵôɾǿ߰Χס£ⱱĹƣԪͳ군ˣ
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СһæͷʱÿԪ
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719 ȸͨ
һһޱεľءԭҪŹСвԪԪŵġ
ȴû뵽ԪȻôݣ
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һĻֿ˿ԱߵһСɡʱ򣬲ŷ·ǻȻ
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СһĻЩӦˡǰһֱΪһģû뵽ѾԪˣ
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ԭǼٵġѹԪ侲
ֲãһƻˣ
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ʥĸû뵽Ȼʥĸٰģѹܹסǣ
ʥĸҲˣԽǿˣ
ϧǿһ޷Ƹƿ

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ħͨõ׵֮ìǽɵĻ֮֡ʱɵƣôɾǿߺɱԪ·ӡոսСɺϦ͹ɲǳˡ
ԪɫһϹ˷Ը˼䣬Ȼ϶뿪ɵȥֹһıСܹ£ɾԼӪ͸Ӳ


720 ɾ
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ʥŮҲǸĸˣȻܹԪʵ֮졣ǱҪѹԪ
ڶʥŮǰһƬ޴Ŀռ䡣һˡʱһ⻪£ȻһӵӰ
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һ֮£Ԫ۵һѪ³ڵء
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721 ܵ
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ʥŮ֮䣬ûô˼ûȤܹ췭á
ֻǵʱ췭ⲻһˡϾɽʵǿһҪϴɾСУ
ܵ䣬سͷһУͺһԹ֮һ㡣ԪʶһܵĶڣȻЩڶǶöʯɵģҲ޷׹ƣ
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Ԫ˱֡Ȼһž޴İź£Ԫס֮ܵС
ܲ͸磬̱䣬ԪҲȥܵسڣ۾
ԴɾʵԼô࣬ӦöôӦɡҪɱ˴ɾõĸ⣬ԼһܹԸ
ĸ֮У׵֮ì⣬ӦûбķԴֻҪԼܹӴɾõĸķҲȡһЩԵһԵܹͻƴҲһ
ʱ䲻ˡɽ˶ڷ׷ɱһɵԿɽ磬ʵЩ۵ܹκһС


722 ¶
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ɾɫһû뵽һУȻͬԪ˵ɱԼģ綾Ҳ˹ֲԭɾʵڣȴȻһɵĹ

Ŵɾϵɫ챧Цš
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ڱԴʯ֮ڣˮһ۵һͻޱȡáʱϵԽãʵͻԽ
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ɾҧû뵽ħڶǰ׼ԼԼȴ֪죬ʯ죬ṩԴͷȻֻħһö˾ɱӣ


723 ֮Σ
֮ܵڣԪţתڣһһˢԪͬǧٲڷˢԪһ㣡
ۻĳˢ֮£Ԫ˶˵ĸо̥ǣÿһ̣оԼʵڷű仯
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ǵĸɾʵǿҪ뽫ʵȫ˪ڣһ嫵Ḷ́ܲκεĴš
ҪһţʧȥĿƣ˪Ʒ˵޷Ӵ嶼ҪѶĸĹ֮УŲκη׵֮Ե֮˽ԪŻ֣Ԫѹ
ĸס˪˪һĬĬɾ޴ʹһҲڰŵĸڵۻ֪Χ顣
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ĸľҲһʥֻǱȲϹľɾǿѡסһСǿߣȴѾǴ´ˡ
ŵĸԴķ룬һռڣǳ޾ĵâžžı֮񼤵


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ѩ֮ܵСţǰСߵĶҺɽϣЩΪ⡣
ģܿϾĸо˹ԽԽȣԽԽǶҺһ㡣
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ѩɫһû뵽ղǷ˹ģȻһ廨ߡ廨һֿµĴߣһ߶մǿޱȵĴҩɾǿҲ޷⡣
ѩʱ򣬲ʶ廨ߵľ綾ûӽĻܿͻᱬġ
ѩҧӿѹ־綾ӡһ˫Զȥ顣
뾡ҵԪСԪӵнⶾѪֻҪýⶾѪͿԼʹ尾ˡ
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ȻԼİԵ֮˲һԶȹ١ֻҪȹ٣ΪһСܿͿͻƳΪǿߡ

ѩĸľУֻһƬڰҪѳȥ˭֪Լһѹһ˵ϡ
ѩһҪľĿռô棬áѩˡ
ǵĸĹľôö˶˵Ļ˳أѩһ
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ѩܿ˹һԪҲҪ˪˭֪ȴҲĸѹĸľ֮УѲȥû뵽ĸ֮ԪʵҲĸѹסˡԪӦˣûȥ
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ѩһһѷоСȻѩסԪĸ첲̧ķԪֱϣһоиȥ
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ѩһ˶֮󣬱ʵʹ󽵵͡ΪԼû㹻ԭ
ٶһǿķУ۶ɣֳԪֱиȥиȥû˵Ԫֺ
ԪǣӲޱȣڴڻ֮УѩȻҲ˺˷ֺڷѩڣǴҩҩȴۻҪѩ˸һ㣡


734 ĸ
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ܣ磬ң硭
ѩƽӴǲ֪Ϊʲôʱ˿̣͸оԪһħһ㡣̲סҪȥԪܹ綾Ľҩ
ѩԪĥţȻĶо߳ܣΪ顣ͣȴֺ񲻵òһ㡣ֻܲŻһЩ͵ʹ࣬ڽһ˿ǺҲˣ

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ԪϻǷѩĶԽľƺѾУܵǰδеоʼζ

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ԭĸǵĸԴ۶ɵģĸⱾԴȫ͸˪֮Ȼ޷άȥʧȥ˱ԴһƬûκεôˡ
һһİ䣬񾭹ǧķ绯һ㣬׻˳
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һɽ֮泹׶ˣ



Ԫ޵޺ڷ񹥻ŷѩ˪һ޵޺ס˷ѩ˪׵֮ì
Ȼ˵˪ͻС磬ڵĵĸԴûüʱһ˵ʵ޵޺ģ޵޺סСĽĻüζһߣ
ϵ׵
˪һϵ׵סһ޵޺ĹƣһȴӺ˹˹ȥ˪˵ǰ棬ȴ˲˺棡
ָ죡
ԪʱָһһȻ޵޺ϣ
һ£޵޺ԪָУ˲ͱѿ촷ۣһغˣ
޵޺ҲǿߣҪȻҲѹ˪ͷѩôˣֻʲô޵޺Ԫǰȴһ
ԪһЦƵᣬָƱȥһ˪ǰ޵޺һ˷ѩ޵޺
޵޺ԪǵָУһ˫Ŀɴ󣬾Ǿ㵲֮ɫȻһѿ촷ۣ
޵޺һȥѩ˪Σ׽˻㺹ܣʱſԪֻԪվڸ߿УĬĬЦʵȴȻ̥һ㡣
Ȼͻƴˣ
ѩ˪ﶼһϲԪͻ˴磬һڴʱ򣬽ɾŰɹ
ѩ˪һԪԣ俴ɾ
ǽеɾԴ֮УԪһ߱ʵҲܴһѪ˳󣬺޵ؿԪһۡʱ˿̣£ԪսȥûκνֻԼԽԽңпԪ
ԪһҵùһΣûôˣ
ɾڻһȻץסһɫ˹
Сģ
Ԫɫһ䣬æƿ˷ѩ˪ɫѿȳĶȻ˹˹ȥԪʱƿѩ˪Ļ綾ѽڣԪȴûü㿪һӱⶾס
Ȼһ־綾ɾҪ綾סԪˣȻѣ
ϧǣԪ޶֮СС綾ԪԪ͵һЩͻһıϹȥһءȻԪӰһȻⶾ֮СʶӿѰɾ
Ϸħõ֮߱κմ֮־׷
ɾһһߴĶڻƺ˿¡
û뵽ȻԷ׷ɱ˾Ȼ͸ĶֱԼ׷˹
ɾѵ֪Ԫ޶֮𣿡
Ԫͺ¿쳹õɾһðһ⣬˫һԵ˵ϣ


742 ħ
ǰɾ׷ɱԪҡһ䣬Ԫ׷ɱɾˡ
ɶԪɱңŶûУ
ɾһǰţһߴתһԪ˹һɣȻԪһ޾ķâ˲õÿռ䶼üһƿնɱǿʢ
ɾҪһ赲Ԫĵ·Լʱ䡣ֻǿϧǣԪȴһף
ƣ
Ԫ˫һɣһĿ˹һ佣Ȼ֮Ԫǰѿ촷ۣԪǰʧӰˣ
Ԫſ˶£һ۶ɣȻɾ˹ȥ
Ԫһ֮ɾҪǿɾֻоһ¶ɪɪţæҪ
˭֪һ֮ɾ룬һնȻһӽɾһ첲ֱи˺һͺиһ㣬Ԫһնֱӽɾĸ첲жݿ࣬һǰ

ɾһĲҽס֣Ѫͬˮעһӿɫ԰ףǰţ˵˵ϣ
ԭΪһܹ赲Ԫĵ·û뵽ԪȻ޶֮׷Լ϶Ҫ군ˣˣӵùԪ
죬ͬħ֮ˣڱԪ׷ɱ㻹ң
ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻһ˹ȥԭͷǴʱ˿̣Ҳòˡ
ֻ컹Զһʱ֮䣬ϲǵ͹ȥǱҲû˿ĻӦǰռһ䶯ԪȻ˳ȻǰȻһ£
֮еǸûϵԪǰɫ䣬ŵ۲ҽҪȴѾˣΪԪһѾݺݳϣ
ž
һĶ쳹ɾһӱ˳ȥͨһѪ¶˳ȥ˵ϣַȥ͵ؿԼ£ʮݶԳˣ
ԭɾ۷ʱ򣬶ԪĶ֣Ҫ˵ʱ˿ȻˡԪһƳɳȥɾתҪܣԪѾǰһ£ǵĲϣǶã
ɶ񣡡
һɴԪϴ˹ݺݲ̤ԼɾôҲѲˣǺһԪһɾǿߣһǿŰɹһɽʷϣԼ¶Ψһһˣ
ԪҪɱ𣿡
ɾݺݿԪ
ħµɾǿߡ֪ħµܣңҿԼԪԸħ񣡡
ƺ֪ôҲӲԪģǱ任˲ԣȻԪ
ԪȴЦ
ǣû뵽Ҳĵһ졣ǻңŹԼ𣿡
Ԫɫâ
һǣԼ͹ŷ˻ΪǷ֮ˣǾͶҪѰİû뵽ǾȻ˷棬Լ͹ŷץԼ͹ŷ˾һغˣ
׷ɱԼԼ֪˶ٴΣ˶ˣÿһζԼϾɱ޲ýԼʬΡԼŹԼʰĴ
ԪһħҵСħҲòħɱҲȲѣ
æǰҲԲ뵽ԼȻԪĵһ졣ҪԪŹԼԼֻ·һˡ
ȻСħģҸӲܷŹˡһħҪɱңӦϣǲӦҲôӦ
ԪҲúǷϻˡچȥ˶Ҫ׷ˡԪڰһץȻ䣬һɢѪɫâѪ񵶾ͳУѪһֺضһɱĺ⣬õǸһƬɫ԰ף£
һʥԵһԼɾܲסԪʱԼ󣬿϶ŹԼģ
ԪҪɱ𣿡
ͻȻɫޱ
ȻҾͺͬھ
ɾ͵һҧͷһɶѪӿ˳ʱͻȻʼͣʲôһ㣬޾з֮ͬʱؼ䣬ҲһӶһּɭĸоض˵һ㣡
ħƣ
ǴһʱǵĶȻһƣȵ񱬷ԪûüӦֱӱһѪ³Ҳ˳ȥѪ񵶻䣬Ԫɴ۾һһαⱬƶţĴţɲǼ䣬ÿһ缡ÿһǣһ㣡
ֱƶ£֮ǵҪǿǵһˣ
Ԫû뵽ͷȻͬھɱСһʹԼҲ޷ֵܣԪҪתֵȴһתͱǱƸ˲¶̱ľĸо
Ҫ
Ԫֻһε˹Ҫѣȴû˰һƬû˰֪
ħħԴһֻԵĹǻᣬҲᣬڽ֮ʱתɸħȻɸƣͬھ·
ħһԼһغ𣬶ԷҲͬҲǱɡħƵɾ֪ԪŹԼǾ͸ɴԪһˮˣ


743 
Ԫһֽѩ˪ƿ˶ɾһԪɾ׷ȥѩ˪ﵹûжٵġϾԪ޶֮Ǵ磬һ˵ɾӦû⣡ԪڵʵѾ󳬳ˡ
ɾǸ׷ȥʱǰͻȻһƴ˹һƬռ䶼ըһ㣡ţѩ˪ͿԪ嵹˳
磡
Ԫ
˪ͷѩɫһ䣬æȥסԪ塣һ̣ǿµħɨ˪ѩϣֱӽƷ˳ȥǿನ£Ҳֵܲס
˲ǴħƱƵģĻ˵ΪܲסﱧԪȴʱѾһƬ˿
Ԫһڣ¸ѪܣȻˡ˪ͷѩʶһɨԪϼȴԪ˿Ȼһ֮£ˣ˪ͷѩ󾪣ɫʱޱȣ
ɶ񣡡
û뵽ǰô翹һ£Ԫֵˡ
ѩһҪȥѰɾҪԪˣɾûǾ̫ˡһɨӣȴɾѾˣ
ʱԶһ䶯ɾȻȻӡɾֵɾɾֻ˿УƮɢ
ɾִɾʧҲζɾһغˡʱɽ׷һ
еɾǿߣǿߣһĻǵɴ۾һɾǿߵ䣬ɽһˣ
֮ɾô꣬ûб䶯ɾָӡ治֪ãû뵽ʱ˿ɾȻˣ
ڴͬʱҲһ䶯ԭеĵԪֲȻһһλã貣ֻڷ˸ţƺҪϴܣֻѾûϴܵˣ
ɾʱ̣ԪȴһĻòǷǡ
ѵϵԪɱɾϵɾ
һЩɾǿǿ߶׷׾ǺܿҡҡͷΪǸҲԸһĻ
رһЩɾǿߡɾǿɾǿ߾ɽ֮ڣǿߣɾǿҲһĴڣ
κǿߣɾǿߵϡҪ˵Щǿܹɱɾǿˡ
Բܣ
ɾǿҡҡͷһĻԸɾǱɾǿɱģҲԸɾǱԪɱġ
һɾǿߣȴ֪ǵĵȷȷԪ˱ڵĸ֮зѰԪ죡
ɾ
ǰǧ䱬ƣõһغˡ˺ܾãŻָơڷѰԪʱ򣬾͵õɾݡɾˣǿĽġϾɾͷû뵽ǣɾȻԪ
û뵽ԪʵȻĳ̶ȡȻɱһɾǿߡڴͬʱһΣͷ
ԭĸ֮ڣҪѰ׵֮ìġû뵽ȻԪһԪʵ֮죬Ѿնɱɾõ׵֮ìҪԸˣ
ԲܹԪӳĸ⣡
սȭͷޱȣŭתĸǻɱԪʱˣԾԲܹԪѳȥ
Ŵ콫
һϴȥʱڵĸ֮е£Ŵ콫ȻվȻһһʵǿ󣬶ǿߣ
ȸֳʮ飬ΧµĸʮһԪӰϲϧһд֪ͨҵסˣǸҲϧһдۣ
˳ȥ
ǣ
ʱŴ콫ͬȸ׷һŵĸʮӶȥĸΧס
Ϊĸĸ⳹̮еķضʧȥԼֻĸס
ȸһŶϵķӶȥܵȸĶһЦȸ
ȸһͽضϵԪȸҲƱػҵԪڡ

ԪʱѾˣѩ˪æõԪָһ˿ֻʵȴûȫָѩ˪˶硣
죬ߣɽɾǿ߿¶׷Ǳ뾡뿪ĸ⣡
Ԫ˹ɱͺ¿϶ɽ硣ʱɽеǿ߶ӵ
û˵ǲô£ˣͱϿߡǱκһɾǿ߶סһغˡԷѩ˪ĿǰĺǶȻܶԸһɾǿߵġ
Ԫͨһ£ȻŶϷȥ죡
ĸ֮УҲһˣǸᡣһξԲܹץסˣһŬȫ׷ˣ
˫ĽսȻһȻĽ׶Σÿһ涼֮սԪܹ÷ѩ˪κεΣա
Լߵһ£ԽΣյʱ̣ԽҪС
ǣ
ѩ˪ҲʶأȻһŶϵķ񱼶ȥԪǰȸͨһ£֪ڷΧȸ˶ϵķԼȥȸӦӦÿһ׷һνȸֺһȸȥ


744 Ϯ
ѩ˪Ԫһ·ŶϵķӶȥȻһ·裬ѩ˪˿Ҵ⣬תʶɨ˷Բʮĵط
ԪˣһжֻˡΣ˶ҪԪͳȥ
ȵȣ
ͻȻ˪ǰһ٣һһǰΪǰһӰ֣Ȼס˷ѩ˪ĵ·һʵ
ˣ
ѩҲһʱתһ֮۶ϣԵɱõһƬҪ˳׵ĺ֮һ㣡֮Уһж쵶նУݲðɺ
ʱһӰ˳ȴһۡȸ
Ҫ֣ҵˡ
Ԫ˹ԪĻѩ˪ͬʱһû뵽ԪҲˡ
Ԫڷ׷ǣѾ˵ˡǿ˳·뿪ǧҪ˿ͣ١
ȸ˹
ĸѾ˰ΧסҪӳȥֱڵ졣ӦǾǲеˣ
ȸĻѩ˪ﶼһϲҪ뿪ʱȸĿռһŤȻ䣬˾޴ĲȻһλǿ߽ˣ
ʲô
ѩ˪ȸҲͬʱɫһ䣬ֻһƬռУȻ̤һΰӣ˫Ŀ罣俴ԪˡȻ죡նԵ٣һǰɾǿߵѹͷ£ͬʮɽѹ
죡
û뵽쾹ȻˣԪɫ׷һ䡣
ɾ
ȸҲһţҪͣһƳ˹
ž
ȸϱݺݳУ˳ȥһѪ˳ٻͷʱһȻ־壡֪һж췢ˣ췢ԼֶΣȸ;û
֡ԪٵʱôὫȥԪɽʱԶֱۣҵĸֱҾ綾ƣҾû⣬ΪԪʩչĹơǴɾ飬ȴҲò㡣
ȸ㾹Ȼұ졣Ԫ׸ʲôô
俴ȸֱĸ֮˱ѵĸоǲܡһһΣüεļƻȸƻˣ
ֻΪѡ
Ԫվ
ôҲ㲻ȥӦϵȸܻᱻ췢ֻ֡ԼղˣΣ˲ȥôˡȻڱסҪվ
Ϊȸѩ˪˵ʵԲĶֻܹ֡Լ
죬в壬ΪŰĩѾעȸͶǵѡǶ㻹Զ𣿡
Ԫ俴죬ҪתһھһӿһѪ˳ɫԽ԰
ԪȻǸұȡ㲻֪ҵʵԶʤ𣿸οڵʵ˵Һǣһǿ߶ɱ㣿ǿ˭
ؿԪ
ղʶһɨѾԪʵڵԪвһϢԼĶ֡
һжǡһ֮ǰħƣҪԪͬھ˭֪Ԫûȴ
һУװױԼԪˣԼȻħؼħˡǺԼһӣû뵽ȴȫԼҪ֪࣬һѪ
ߣ
ԪҲһЦ
Ԫ飬˵ʱɱңˣҲܹ죬ɱôΣѵ𣿡
Ԫ̧ͷﾫ֡
ȸ˪ѩ˸뿪ɵһغϣȺп
Ԫ֪ʱΣ˵䲻ʱ̣ѲҲ˪ȸѩȥû㹻ʵӦ죬Ҳװ㹻ʵУ
ֻ˵󣬷ѩȴû˪ͻȻһԪ
˪㡭
Ԫһûתͻ˹ȥȻ˪סԪһƸ˷ѩԪҪסǣ˪ͷѩ֪ȴܹ˵ԪҪˣѰ£ԸԼðŷգҲԪðκηա
ѩȸǴԪ뿪ӣ
˪һӣӸ߿һͷɺ׷Х
Ԫ뿪Ը죡
ѩ˳ȥȴ˪һסˣ
˭ҲӲˣ
ɫԽѿ
ѩԼδޣȻʹɾѣǿԼδסԪⲻˬЩһһԪԼȴ˱ѣڷŭڣ
޸֣֮
һһֻ޸ȻԪ˷ץ˹һֻ޸ӴޱȣƲһ㣬º󣬾͸˪һǰδеѹȣ
ϵ׵
˪һһϵ׵ȥӭ޸֣֮
ѩҧҧʱ˿̣ȥԪ˶
ȸߣ
ѩһģס˻ԵԪһɺϡȸҲϸȥ
ʱɺһȻХȥȻķ˪ȥ˶ֻѳȥ˪Żѳȥ
ߣûôף
ô÷ѩ뿪һһХȻɺնɱȥ


745 ׵֮ì
һХɢ߲ʵĹâȻһһӾźӲƶȥ
˻
ܵ˲ӷһХҪѣ߲Ȼ·۾һ㣬źһȻƶһӸס͵һӲУ
ԭվںӺ֮ϵķѩȸɫһ䣡
ԭҪ˪ס죬ȻѩԪȥû뵽쾹ȻԶԸһһӾͽס
߲
Ӿһϸܵⴿ߲ⴿ߲һ𷨱ӵ޾Ĵǿ󣬾ɾǿҲѲãɺȻʵ࣬ԶԶûдﵽɾǿߵĵز
ʲô
˪һ޸ֺ֮ԭΪѩ˻ѳȥȴû뵽ӾȻסˣ
һǵļƻˣ
˪սȭͷ׵֮ӿȻһһ
ԭѰǿߵĹƣΪ⡣˪һ
˪֮У̲ŵĸɾıԴ֮һ£ҲСƣС׾ͱ˪и˵
콣
ŭһһ£Ȼӭ˪Уڰнɱһ˪˲ѣһ콣˪ХԵâһ˲Ҫ˪׶ɱһ㣡
˪æһ˹ȥһ콣˪ĵϣֱӽһƬظնƳһ޴ѷ죡ĽһǰֱԺɱһУ
֮ˣ
ںӺϣѩȻסӣһһ۶ϣ˴߲֮ϣ
ⴿ߲ԵޱȣѩĹȥȴ˲˷ֺֻ𻨼Ǵ߲ȴǻȻ£
׷ˣⴿ߲һʥǸˣ
ŭ
ѩԪ뿪
Ҫ÷ѩԼԪ뿪һ˵Ǵ߲ȻһȻԪסһβסɺףԪҲѲȥˣ
һʱ䣬˾ͺľżһ㱻һɾǿסһһѶáƾոɱˣһ߲ס˺ӺԪıס˪һɾǿߣȻ׿ԶԸģ
˪ɫԽԽءٲ취ĻôǾֻбŪڹƵķˣ
飬˪ͷⲻˬ
׵֮ì
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˪һʱӸ߿Уһ׵ȻֶʥϣȻ£
Ȼ˵׵֮ì˪ûгµܹǵҲֻ׵֮ìˣⴿ߲һԵޱȵķԼ׵֮ìҲͬˣҲ׵֮ìԻⴿ߲
ʲô
ܵһµɱԱ£Ҳɫһ䡣תͷȥֻһµ׵֮ìȻնɱ£ⴿ߲֮ϣת˲֮䣬һԵķâⴿ߲⳹նϣ
˺һ촫Ŵ߲ĲҽУһڳطâޱȵ׵֮ìض֮䣡
ⴿ߲Ȼƣһջڣ
ʲô
û뵽׵֮ìȻƿ˴߲ɫһ䡣
ʱ򣬷ѩӶ¶˾ϲ֮ɫﻹԥȻһֱǰӶȥ
˻
ӷһХ֮һӶ·ƿգǰһͷֵҰһ㣡
ɶ񣡡
ɫѿҪ߲һʥޱȣȻնɱƻˣ
ӴԪѳȥҪ׷ϣʱ˪һ
׵֮ì
˪һȣȻ䣬׵֮ìһһӰεض
ǿ׵֮ì̲ķâȻϣ
ɾǿߣһʥĹƣҲɫɵһȻȻһץ׵֮ì˹ȥ
޸֣֮
һ޸ַ֮£Ȼץ׵֮ìϡԵǿĴ֣׵֮ìϣ׵֮ìסһʱ֮䣬ҲԽ׵֮ìã
ɶ񣡡
׵֮ìסĵ·ʱɺ׸ǺŷѩԪХȥٶ֮죬ռһƬŤתۿҪʧ֮ˣ
죬Ԫ
˪ҧסüӿ׵֮ìϡ׵֮ìҲǷɱȥ
׵֮ì̲ŵķâ˵ǿԵǵĸɾֳ׵֮ìʵҪֵܡ
ڣ˪ûж׵֮ìƿأʩչܴޣһʱ䣬ҲǴˣ
׵֮ì񼤵졣޸Ȼһץ׵֮ìͱץУ͵غݺݲ˵ϣ
׵֮ìȻһʥȻҵĴ߲ҲɱˣãȻװ͹ھ㣡
ɫһҪȥ׷ԪƱֻᱻ׵֮ì׷ϣ׵֮ì
Ŵ콫׷ɱԪ죡
һʱĸһǿ߱Ӷǰ׷ɱԪˣ
һʼ׵֮ìʧȥ˴߲һʥȴõ׵֮ìҲ
õ׵֮ìҲħˡʱ򣬾ԪˣҲܹɱƣ


746 صɵ
˪ں죬Ԫѩȸɺױһ·ӣɺ׸Һٶȿͬһ磬˵ĸԪۡ
ԪãȻ˿Χѩȸڣ˪ȴӰ
˪أ
Ԫվɫɲ԰ޱȡ˪֮͸о˲ȻһͲ˪Ӱ
˪Ϊӳס졣
ѩҧҧ
ʲô
Ԫû뵽˪Ϊ˾Լһðôաһ֮Ķ֡˪ӵ׵֮ìҲС
Ԫһź˪ͨһ¡ȴ˿ûѶ
ӣȥ
Ԫҧҧ
ڻȥ˪Ҳ޼£ҪȽѩȸкɵ֮ڲС͵Լٻ˪ڻȥͰ׷˪һˡ
磬û¡
ʱ˪˹
Ѿ׵֮ìס죬׵֮ì׵֮ìͻӳ
˪ҧ
ȻȳԪ׵֮ìҲܹͬС˪֪׵֮ìԪҪԣҪõˣԪ˵Դοһʥ׵֮ĸԼģԼҪŪˣҲԲĸࡣ
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һɽֵãһӾͱһֱӴйִ᳹ӺԺХһĨѪɽ
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Ԫץס˪֣˪Ǳ֮СҲŶС

ɵ֮⣬вٵɾǿبûȥɾǿߣÿɵ֮⣬Ѱ˼Źɵİ취ֻһһΣʧܸաǶɽĴܣһףϧȴȫȻû⣬һһ顣
ϵı䶯˶ɾ֮Щɾǿ߶Щ㷲
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747 ɵ
صɵʱȫһЩԪҲˣ˻һ££
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ԪȻͻ˴磡
ɾǸԪɵİɣ
ǲµȸôͶԪ
ǸǶʥŮѩɡδޣҲԪ

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һ̾ѡʧܣԪôãڲ¸ԪŮҲԪñӴĿɹǺģ
Ԫʵһɵ֮ɾǿǶѡѾϢȷɾԪһʵһԪƾǵʵǸɶԸˡ
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˪һ߿֮УһҪתĸԴ׵֮ìйͨһתŷ֣׵֮ì֮ϵױնˣ˪һҲ϶׵֮ìѹҹƣ
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죬ЦšʱһȺɾǿ߷׷ӿԪΧС
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һǿߣȻҲ˹ҪԪԪ˫۳죬ﾡɱҧɱĵ
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׵֮ì˵ϣ׵֮һ˲䣬һƬطըѳһ޴ӣ׵֮ìµĵطΪģѷ䣬ض˿һ㣡
Ԫȫ˲ƳȥһΣպ󣬻¶ĸоԴһΣȻһӾ˵˹ȥ
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죬㻹ʲôһȽɵƹ˵
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ԣƽƣЩŮˣԪҲӣ
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ҪԸԪֻȿߵˣȻԪߵˣԸ
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ץס׵֮ìȻһ̣ʱزһɫ׵֮£һӼӳ׵֮ìϣ
һƬɫ䣬׵֮תõ˿裬ħٵĸо

һǹ£׵֮ìȻһɵ֮ϡһ£ɵһ鲣Ȼ㿴һһľӨƬ׷䵽ϣϾڻˣԭЩɵʱ˿̣ҡҡ׹ˣҪֱһ㡣
Ԫ֪ǴƵľʯˡƣðڽ֮ϣһҲʼ֡Ҳ֪ƻܹܼ¹

һһɵҡҡ׹˶ˤ˵ϡһһĿⶼϡƲ󣬿ƵĹ⻪ϰ
֮⣬Ĵɾٵǿ߽ưΧˮйͨλǿ֮ǽսʿ
һһ㣬ƺƵһƱЩ˾ͻ񱼶ʱ򣬿¾ÿһţɵҪƣ
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УҪһ
С˳סԪֱۡԪҪʲôôԪȥˡԼﺢӵĸסҪСճû˸ף¶ĸŻʲô˼
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ŷ˱ס˹Сɣӵ뻳׸ͷ½絽Ͻ磬Ųµģһ۰áƺʲôСɵĶӡ
ҺԪĺӣ
Сһ۵
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һ׵֮ìն£ɲǼ˲䱬ַâֱԵǿᵽһ㣬Ȼն

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ŷһͷ׷ԼĹŷˣһӲ˼ꡣС˹ŷˣԼһСˣŷ˾ͻԼȥ

Ԫѩ˪Ϧ˺˹ŷ˵ڣŷ
ɵ֮⣬ֳ׵֮ìƣﶼ·Ҫˡ
ԭƻڼ˭֪ŷͻȻ֣Ȼӹơ׵֮ìɱȥǶƷֺˡ
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ʥĸ˽ǵ˹
ԪʵЩɾǿ߿˵ĿõġʵһһεķǿǴ磬ͻɾѣɾôûκһܹԪĶ֡
СһܹԪȹɾѣ
սȭͷƲƣΨһܹ뵽ľħˡֻħܹ취ԸԪ
һħķӶȥ


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һǹŷ˼ʱֵĻɵҪױˡ
Ԫ˿棬ɵ֮⣬ľɾʥĸɾ˻վ棬ֻһһҧгݣ޵ð𣬵ȴɵûа취ӰѾʧˡ
׵֮ìɵûа취ȥħѰҽȰ취ɡ
ԪҲûȥЩ顣ͻ˴磬˵Ҫɾ٣ȻͻСɾˣ
ֻҪԼȹСɾ磬ɽһжҪԼ׸дˡǴ磬ԺСɾǿ߿ˣͻɾ٣Сɾ磬ɽɾǿ߽ûκһԼĶ֣ʱָɽӶµʵͿǰħأնɱˣ
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ѩ˳ԪҪͻɾ٣ҪԴ϶󡣶ǱССɵҪõôԴȴ׵顣
ԭɽ֮а˴ħӶɢɽ磬Ӧÿ뵽취
ŷ˳ԪҪʱʵһõİ취Ϊ̲֮ŵ

Ԫһȷʵԣۻ룬Ϊڵĸ֮ӶһԪܹͻƴġ
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ҵͨɵܵһһΧҪԪֻһȺǿ߶ԪϦ˵ȴ
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һ·ӣܿһƬڰ硣ԪŲסϦǰȥһƮƮģڰУԵ÷ף߹ˡ
Ԫؿֻǰһ촽ƺʲôھȻǰһƬڰͻȻһУ
һԽԽԽԽһһڶͳǰ⾹ȻͨӰһŻҲֻϦһӰ崫˲ܹⰵӰҵ
ǰӰ磬ӰɾĶڡҵİӰǴⰵӰ֮еõġ
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Լǰһضʵǿ󡣵Ԫûκε·
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һɫĳӣبɢŵ۲һŨɢԪ֮ͨкˮɽ
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756 ּ
Ԫ֮УգϦԱ߾ؿšһʱʱ䣬һӿͱԪһɸɾ
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ԪסϦ֣ӰһŰӰⱼ˹ȥһʵԳԣ˲١͵ھɾٽһ

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ر˰Ӱ֮ϦԪһ·ķȥӰϦĵ̣ûдɽ֪ӰڣӰΣգϾӰ粢ɵǰ
ԪϦһ·ӣ͹ŷҲĬĬͨţҪϵŷˣɵһʲôԪһͨȥ˭֪ȴϵϹŷˡ
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759 ౦ɾ
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౦ɾĻԪɫһ䡣Ԫ׼˲ٵϹȴû뵽౦ɾθھȻô󣬾ȻҪ顣
౦ɾԪ飬ֻһһ֮ͨĳ⣬˸޷ӳĹá౦ɾ⣬ϹԽ౦ɾΪ
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ֵҪҶ౦ɾµȴֲóⲻҶ౦ɾô
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ԪתҪȥʱǰĿռһãɫ˲һӽԪΧУ
Ҷ౦֮ǣ߿ɾûôˣ
౦ɾĵͷ˹Ԫ̧ͷ˿ΧȻ˴ʱȻһӱһ޴ĺ֮У
ԭǰĶ౦ɾȻһӾʧˡ
౦ɾ౦֮㽻㲻ԸҲͰˣ̬ΪΣ
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ԽԽԶĺȴԽԽԽԽ£Ϊħô࣬µͷȴһ³ģ


761 л
һɫһӽԪУԪһϹиתɣҪпǾȻôҲвɫ
Ԫˣǰ˲ǾƷʥϹиҲ޷п͸ʵŰɣ
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ԭڶ౦֮ڣǱ˲סԪֻԪһССѡ׷ˣԪıԼΪԪס˰˲Уû뵽ȴԪĹƣ
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౦ɾȻɽ߶һħˣʵԶԶ֮ϡɽ֮Уħ񣬻ûʲôԼĶ֣


762 ɱ౦ɾ
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ԪеϹиնȥһ˲֮䣬ͽ౦ɾնɱ˸ɸɾ

һĲҽ쳹Ŷ౦ɾһɾǿߣԪǰ
նɱһ౦ɾ֮Ԫʶӿ౦ɾ֮һԪҪɱ˶౦ɾҪ
ԪһʶȻڶ౦ɾɸ֮ڷһЩȻԪ¶Ц⡣
һب˶౦ɾɸ֮УɢžӨĹâԣ̲޾һ㡣Ԫһ䣬ֱӽ౦ɾƿһһȻԪֱӴӶ౦ɾɸ֮˳˸߿У֮䣬Ũõضбϴӹĸо
ȻԪһһɱȥһ֮У


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Ԫȴû˿ͣµ˼ֻǿǰǰȥ
콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣʹзΪԶԣܡ
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˶ڲԪµĵɽôͻȻʧֻԪԼ
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ڣһ̣֤֮ʱҲԼĳԣ
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һ˫ĿԪĿȼգҪԪȼһ㣡
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ɵ϶ӿֳľϲͼ顣Ԫ˵ĳݺͽ
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770 ߱
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նɱһԵõԪսЩɫƬ
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һɹů֮ɣȻԪȫӶȥõů֮дˮĸо
ЩůһһˢԪԪÿһ缡ÿһǣת˲֮䣬Ԫһ˵˶һ㣡
ڴͬʱɸ֮УҲһƬɫĹ⻪ԪסõԪ˶Եޱȣ
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ʱԪ˫ͷѾʼҵĽ֡ǿߣͺӴޱȵ˺Ȼײһ
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ϹХһһɵ֮СԪʹħͷԿǸ岻ˡ
ɽ磬ҲǷӶһһԶԪԿĵط
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Եʵǿһ֣ɽ˵һ޷ѡ
Ǵʱ˿̣ԪȴȻܲôࡣǿ߽棬ݲðģ컹Ԫʱȫľ˶ԷϣΪһԻԷɳ֮޷Ԥĺ
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ֻһƬ𵴣𻨼䣬裬ҪضƷһƬضɽҡһ㣡
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˪ѩԭҪȥԪһ֮ǿذľ棬ֻܹһһˣ˵ɵڲ
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˴˵תƣĿԣɱŷֻ˭Ҳɱ˭
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ԪЦſ佱ɾʱͻȻһȭԪŴ˹

ȻճʵһƷ˲һȭԪϣõԪʱҽ˳


784 鿪
ԪǰڸտԼӹԣ˭֪žͰ˶ӽʵһȭȻճȭŵһȭ²ٵн˶ܲˣԪϣ⧲Ҳʹһ£
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Ϲ˹Ȼ˵ⲻԪССҲӵŰ˵ѪϹСҲϲúܡ
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쵽ħطԼҲܹ˿һ飬һʵȳӰɱ죡
Ԫסе飬һ˸߿Сһö龧Ө͸ɢ貵Ĺ⻪ԪȻʹùΣȴʼû⵽
Ԫ۾˸߿Уһӿ֮ڡĬĬͨ
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ԪҲһץסѪ񵶱Ǻɫ֮˹ȥ
Ѫһ䣬ݺն˺ɫ֮ϣ

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ԪҲоɫ֮ŵı仯һƽ۾գһ£


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һɫ壬ɢޱȵĽ⣬ХһԪ˹
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
ԪȷӦ˹Ȼһֱһɫ壡
ҲһӦȻȥһ֣ûκһԸŹԪһ

˻һȻԪ˹ȥɾʱԪѪһ䣬죡

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һض̲޾ȥ󣬾Կ̥ǵı仯ɫ֮֮⣬̲Ŀ½⣬ֽ֮е޷ܵסġ
Ƿ׷һҪǺɫ֮˹ȥǴǺɫ֮ŰĽ⣬ȴǿޱȣ͸һ£һЩֵֵˣ̼ͻҷˣ
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һʱԪ춼Ѿ˴ʵ˴ʱŶԷﾫ˸
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ͻȻһ¶˵֮ɫȻħͻȻѶԱߣ
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죬ҶѾΪһ壬סֻҪ㹻ҪɱԪǼֱɣ
ħȻ˳ɷҲͬʱԪζͷ


786 ·
ԭԪһ֮ԿǰܹƽɫϾɫ֮緢Ԫһĸᵽ
û뵽ħȻˡ
ħ죬ԪǾǶһˡ˺Χ緢ԪʹϾ˶һˣʵ̫ˡ
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ħ˳صôãڵȵ鿪ˡһˡ
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ڣһʹˡԭԪɵڿĻͿԱˡ
ֻһĪ⣬˭Ҳ֪һʲô飬ԪǵƻƣӰɵ˰ɡ
˪˴ԶܹоǿµϡҪڿƶδܹܵס
˪ҧǵҪȥԪϧϣǸ޷һ
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һ죬ǿǿԶԸħͬʱ֣ԪҪͷˣ
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תصħԱߡһغϣħᵽԪֻ
һغϣħʤˣ
˿Ԫ¶顣ǺԪʵ൱ѾﵽɽĶ塣
ҪͻʵɱԷֻ緢
ħԪһԺʤ㡣
ԪҧʱȴҲ޿κΡ˫ȭѵ֣緢ħˣ
һԪץס
ԪһϻԪڱӿתԪڱӿţĬĬ󴵷Ԫǣһһ飬ÿһγˢ֮󣬶ԪһǰδеоָоԼʵõ̥һ㣡
˰̣Ԫۣħ죬Ҳڷ
˫ȭѵ֣Ȼʵǿ󣬵Щ緢һ˸ħ񣡡
ǰǱ취ȥУ
˪ѩҲɫӰһҪȥæǻûԱߣͱϸˣܹһ֣
Լһ嶼Ҫڻһ㣡
һڶԪԶᵽҲǴһƽ֡һҪ׵ѹסУ
Ԫսȭͷ΢΢Щġ
࿪ģǵȴȻҪħ
˶ѾﳹòˣʱһһĿⶼĺɫ֮šɫ֮ŵķ϶ԽԽ󣬽ԽԽʢĶڷš
ЩɶĽޱȵﰡ
ħ촽õЩǵʵǿħҲʹһɫƺʲô
ԪסǺɫ֮ţһһҪŤתܾ֣һǺɫ֮ŷ񱩶Ȼ͵һѿһﶼӿ˳
һĻԪһҪȥͻȻ䣬һ޴ĺӰȻ֣һסԼǰ
ʲô
һ޴ĺӰ֣ȻסԪĵ·Ԫɫһ䣬̧ͷִʱǰĺȻħ϶飡
ԪҪȹһأ
ħЦ
û뵽ȻԼһУħסԼ

ԪɫһŭһȭȻħԵһȭŷѹ£̾ħϣ

ħһ첲˲䱻ը˳ȥȴܲ˼ԪҪһУԪʱˣ
ƣ
ԪѪ񵶷ħϣȻһжħˣȴ޷ħɱ
Ƭ̺ħͻȻ˵ȻһֱӴԪǰʧˣ
Ԫ㶷ǣ
ħЦʱѾץ߰˼ħԱߡ
ԪһԶץסһ䵥תħ죬ȭͷսÿ죡
ħ죬ƾԪʵܽɱһ˲סԼԪͻᱻס޿κΣ
ħЦţԪŭڷڡ
࿪飬û뵽ȴΪ˱˰æһԪﲻġҪǴʱ˿̣ȴȻԼˣ
˸߿УһޱȣǺɫ֮ţڷţȻһ緢
Ԫÿš
ֻ̲һ֡緢֮УȴԼɳʱ콫һռˣԺֻᲽУ
䣡
䣡
ʱǺɫ֮ſʼӿˣ񷭹ȻһΪǿ緢
Ԫ˿ħ죬ҪԼ˹ˡԭħԼݺݼػѾˣǵõϵȴ඼Ѿˣ
Ԫ͵һһε췢˹ơ
Ϲи
ԪһϹиһΪȻӭȥɫһ䣬òֵʱԪȻһźɫ֮˹ȥ
ЩȻû緢ԪռһȻ
ɶϣ
û뵽ԪȻƣȻƻǵļƻħɫһ䣬һҲ˹ȥ
ӰȻźɫ֮ſȥǺɫ֮ţҲһƷﺷȻ˳һΣ֮֮ǰӿ£ϰټһ緢ֽ⣬ֱյһƬȣԪ죬ħͬʱ۾˸˲˼Ŀ⣬һ̰ķ


787 
˷źɫ֮˹ȥԪȳȻ˼ܿħ͸·ţ
һһܿͳԪԪȻţǿЩﲻϱӶȥҲ쳣ģ
ҪȥԼ࿪飬͵ڸˣ˫ȭѵ֣һʱ򣬻ǱȲ˺֣
ˣҰ˰
ԪһﰵʱԪһ˹
裿
ڴԪһˣĴˡ
ķǿޱȣҲһҲ൱ڷһ֣һо޴

ԪһһϾͳԪУ
Ԫǰ컹ڷšͷץסһ޴Ľɫҩޱȣһ˷ܵ顣
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ĴЦȫѹסԪ鳩òˡ
ʱԪȻץסһӾͶ׼
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Ԫûٶһ˺ɫ֮ţʱϾ޴γһǰδеһ㣡
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Ƭ֮󣬼еﶼԪȥˡ
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Щ󣬷һתϱ˳ԪȫȻ׼죡
µȫ
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Ƭ̣еﶼ䵽ԼԪһȼ
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Ԫǰħɫ쳣ѿ˭֪˺ȴװױԪǰת֮ˮһˣ
ɱ
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ӴΡޱȣ׺ݵһԪ
ֻǾЩԪȴһ˫ͷֵĺһûа㷴Ӧһ㡣

ĺһһԪϡ˭֪Ԫȴ˿վûκˣ෴ģһ֮£춼˳ȥ
ʲô
ɫһ䡣ΪǸоԪʵ֮֮ǰ˾޴
Ԫ۾ĬĬЩ緢ǿޱȣÿһ̣ʵ־޴
ԪʱҲǷԪһһ
ֻǵĹȴ˺ҡԪַֺһһεĺõǱ˳ȥԪȴ˿õ
˰̣Ԫ۾ʱ˶̥ǵĸоٶȿ죬Ŀⶼˣ
һۿȥ͸ĪѹָоԪǵһ
֮ȭ
ԪͻȻ֣ǰһ˫ͷֺ˳ȥ
ֻƽƽһȭͷһȥ˫ͷָ޷赲Ȼһֱ̣ӱԪһȭͷֱӻ壡

ͬʱ䷢Ĳҽ֮ԼšűԪĵطȻ͵رѿ
һ˫ͷֵ飬ȥͬѪһ׷£һӽضȾѪһƬ
ǰ˫ͷַԪ˶ġ˫ͷֽԪΣȴ˲Ԫֺ˭֪ԪһоͽǺƬ
˫ͷֱԪô죬϶˰ɡ
ɽ˿һĻ׷š
ֻǧƬȴ䶯ϵںϣϵںϣȻγ˫ͷӴޱȵôһػ֮£Ȼûȥ
ɶԪʵȻɳ֮죡ϧɱǣɱǣ
˹
ԪֻؿǡԪڵʵѾԶԶʤ񡣿ϧǲ֮ԪҪɱǼѡ
Ԫ飬ڲǺԿʱԼ֮ء


788 
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ԪĿ˺ɫ֮ϣ緢ɫ֮ų׳һ󶴡ɫ֮źķӿҲʼƽûκεĶɫ֮źﶼѾ緢ˡ
ԪȴƬ̺󣬿ɫ֮û˶Ӱһźɫ֮ű˹ȥ
ϣ
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ԪһֱӴ˺ɫ֮š
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һǳγ͸ĺɢ޾ϢһּõĸܡһǺɫĺѹȣӿһһ
Ԫ֮УĬĬӦš
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ԪȲҪ߹ȥ
վס
ʱһϵ˹ԪͷȻһɫӰ£Ԫǰ޾ϣ
Ŀ˹˶Ҫسһ㡣

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򣬶ԪҪıһȻӦ
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俴Ԫ
Ԫȴû

ԪǰһɾԴѹ£һ˲֮䣬ɽȻһǿһ㣡ѹҲ޷ֵ
Ԫһģ½ٲһ鲻ܰô罫޾£ڻ磡

˵һΣ
Ԫٶǰ̤һӿһ
ò븴Ӱֻһ֮ңˣûκֹܹԼ
ãȻڤ粻飬Ҳֻնɱˣ
ɫһʱһȻһɫ񽣣ȻԪ˹
һ̲޾ʵ޾Ĺ򣬾¼ûκֵܹܡ
ԪȴˣҲû˿⣬ٽһдȻ£

һֻ޴ƣȻѹ£ɫ֮ϣһ˲֮䣬Īŷ£Ȼһӻ촷ۣ
˵ûκ赲ңҲУ
Ԫĳ촷ۺһҽУҪӴܳȥȴԪַһץȻݺݽУһСС꣬ԪץסУʹţȴ޷ԪĴ֣ھԵǰٶĹٶҲûô
ƶģƹܵסԼ𣿡
Ԫһߣ͵һ̳
ɶҲɱ㽫׹޾
ȴ޷ԪѳȥƬ̣΢óʧˡ
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ʵǿ˼ޣȴԴƹ򡣴һ󵽼£Ҳٶȿ쵽˼£ʱ䶼ת
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һӣɢ޾ϢԪһ֮УֻоԼ˴궼ϴˢһ顣һ˵о
ԪȻ֪ӴԼĺôԲ仯ô򵥡
ԪĬĬӵĹ
ӱӿϢΪ֮У̲롣õЩ룬ͿԾȡ֮
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һӣȴʱΪģ˳ʱ䣬һ·ŵġ
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Դֹӣ·ÿһ˵ˡ
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Ԫۣվ¶תʥĹ⻪
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ԪһԼ·̤֮񳹳׵׵ˡ֮󣬸޷š
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תӿԪƲ͸컯һ㣬Ȼٶȿ֮УѰ
ҪҵӰĳӣȻӰȳ
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ȻҵӰԴһɫεĳӴӿȻ֮У
Ԫһӣͺ񿴵Ӱһһ㡣
ѩ֮һСŮȻԼԼ书ԼమһĻһĻһ֮
ģҲ۽֮УڿҪӵʱ򣬾ͳ칥ѩһĻ
һĻĻĻ棬ӳԪǰһ㡣칥ѩĻ棬Ԫ˫۳죬ضסˣһĻԪǰһ㣡
ŵģһȻԼ˹һƣԽԼɱһԵӰһȻԼǰһ˹ȥ

һĻԪҲ޷ȻһһӽӰ֮УҪıһУ


789 Ӱ
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ʱԪܹԿӰĻƮɢѣȳһ̾Ҫɱˣ
Ӱ
ԪȻһץסӰĻǣģ
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Զ죬ͻȻֵӰɫ䣬ʱһԪϣ͵ϮԪôƾðһԪʲô飬һʱ֮䣬˶ЩˣΪԼԪļƣ
Ĺȴ˲ԪֺԪĵĻǣСȻһֱӷԾӰӣ
ӰĻǱԪԭӰҲȻֹͣһֹ˰Уûл֮У
ӰĻûл֮УҲζӰûֻҲûлص֮УҲ˵ڴڰ״̬
УӶӰĻǣҲ͵ڱȫӰһԪеɫǣＤޱȡ
ôʱ䣬ôŬٴһӰ
ĵɫǣƺҲܵԪĴڣظԪָоϤСӰںԼ˵Żһ㡣ԪܹоӰϢ
ԪὫӰĻƣȻһ̧һɾԴӿ
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˰ʱһ˵ӰͳǰŮվԪǰ̬Ϥ޷ȴȻһǾԪԼܳģòģӰûаȫȫͺӰ»һ㣬ֻǻûϢѣ
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Ԫŵؿšһ̣ƺƺܶݡЩȲҪӰ³ԼǰЩ¡ϣٴһϣôһڰУٲ٣
ԪסǰһӰ˵ģΧתŵ貹⻪ȴš
ʱһһţȿʼ⻪ԽԽ貣ԽԽʢֻģȥȻȻعƽһƬ
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һĻԪĲġսȭͷﶼ·Ҫ
ѾӰĻӶ˹ҴӰܸŶԡԪӰӣһʼûн֮УҲûлȥ˰СԪΪûκεĸı÷
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ȷʵǵõ֮ӵԪ޾ԶԽˣ˶Լ
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£εδӰգ˳Ź⻬ӿ£ɢŹĹ⻪
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ԪӰţΧԭһƬߵĵϣȻһСЩСðͷɢζڷҡҷţԽԽïʢԽԽïʢ
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ۿһӰ¿Ӱǲ԰׵ɫԸţţӰһԼߡ
ͻȻ䣬һֻ⻬ԪգԪᡣԪΪԼξס֣ĬĬţš
ӰԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
ԪӿӰϡӰ֣ţţȴӰԽԽȣԽԽȣһҲůͬǰġ
Ԫһ۾ֻڻһ˵ŮԼݸ΢Ц
һ̣Ԫֻضֹˣ˵ΪԼ˴ݺҧһԼͷ޴ʹ˹ϸȥ⻳ŮģЦݣôϤôů
Ӱڻˡ
Ԫ͵ؽӰ˻ˮӿ˳֮ڴǰӿˡ


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Ԫô£ôѩأѩôˣ
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