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ݼ
ӵũΪĸǰǷµծСдƴֹϽ˵ͷ
һӵһ˫֣Ӵ˿ʼһң汦ƷζŮ鳤˫ݺᣬ߳ơ
һľʣдһĶд档


1 Ůˡȹ
һУݡ͡ܡ֡жֲΰ룬̹Ȼԡ˵֤ᣬ涳һŷͻһ仨Ҹ֡
Ҷںһ곤̵ƣŮ˾ͲԴ
ʫ㣬ͷŮҵͷôᵹùġҶ߬һѳǩбС벽һЦǰˮŮˣбεĴ󺣣ӿȴʺݶŮˣһ˫˶ĵҡһҡ΢΢Ĳ
ϵŵýһû׼ύ˵ģһأʫЦЦǰҶɣϲﲻ¶Ķÿ춺λɬٲȻʱõķʽ
Ҷɷ˸۲˵ǰŮ˻͸һľҲסķ飬ʲôǰ״
Ҷӣ㿾ɣҪ޻ġʫһаװʳָǰָۣһӨ⡣
У㿪ˡҶСɫϸһĨЦݣִ۸ϵһȹ·С׽˰ľСһԵĽСľϡ
Ƥɵľ̿յ˻˻죬ҶתָСޱȵİȹƤϳʰ뻡ι켣˶Ȼϵĵȷݣʱʱתͣרע⣬·Ƭؼֻһˡһһȹ
ʫרעڵȹ꣬ǵһտ̯ڡưɡԱߵһھ꣬ÿ̫뺣ƽʱֵĸװֳʮ׼ʱšүߣʱ裬ṳ̂ưŰ벽·Ųʵһ硣
ҶӣʫһỽתúƶСĸèڳʹá
ҶƤҲû̧һ̧еȹԳǶΡ
Ҷӣһ㻹һ졣ʫ΢УǹһĨ׽ЦݣϲרעϲԼ
ҶָС΢һ٣̧ͷһ¶ʫͲʵܳȹ𣿡
ʫϵЦȻһҶüС£ͦ˵ظ˵ƶ죬쿾ɣš
ԵȡҶһǩõȹĩˣ̿˿¶ȹ˵ĻǶ𽥴򿪻ָ꣬ǩתȹƬϣˢһͣЩƳȳȵļһ䰵֮̿š
Ҷӣ㷢ǩȹĶͦ˧ģȹôʫˮ۾ƻõĹʣ߾۽Ƕ޻ϡ
ǵģ⡣Ҷ۾񷭿ȹĵĴһ䡣
ʫ¶һĨС͵ĸЦݣ˵㴮ȹϸ
ҶɺṾһ죬̧ͷŶЦŮˣĿɲǣһƤϵ¶ٿȻߡ
ˣʫ΢΢𣬵һ䣬ǰС
Ҷֹһ䣬ͷ׽ˢһ㣬Ѹ̧һСƬֽס̵ǩβ˵ʫСôĺгĿĸо
ʫӹõ޴յǼǳǳ˿·ƢĻ㣬۳ʵҶӣǵǻҲõʲôʵ߽㣬ֵ񻨵ĻǴĸʦѧģ
ҶһЦûʦӾ̯˰뱾񻨼ĲףԼϹĥ˼¾ͻˣӲʦ
ʫͷ棬ӣС˵ƭأ㲻Ű뱾ɲѧ̶ֳȣʹɣ
ҶЦЦƮʫؿڣǳ۶ѩ׹вһӦõĶƱ
ʫϲ޿ڴ¿㣬Ϊֻ¿ܹճԼSģƱⶫżţ¿ƬƮƮĵض
ಣһֳ˫ȡʽֱҶ˫Щˤ˸ƨն
ʫЦŹָ⣬Ƭӳ¹⻪ҶӣÿôȻһĨůЦȴѾñѽ
ҶŴҡҡͷҲҸǰϲŭ޳ʫ̸䣬ﰵԼŮģΪ
ʫ粨һתָתؽ̽룬һǯһСֽָ΢ᵯֽڿлһ̻վԭҶɡ
ֽò죬Ҷ̧һͰģ̯һź˰Ԫֽңϵı΢΢һͣЦŰеֽҵ˻ȥ˵ʫ㣬ǮҲҪˣˡʵǮɿڴǮȫȥҲһ˼͸λϲŭ޳ʫ뿪
ʫָֽңתưɴţ˼һתͷȻһЦҶӣȾơ˵תͷŤҡκһ˵Ů߰ν˾ưǰ̧ͷһ۹ŵϢŨԭľƲڡ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷǰ˵ƯŮ˵ţ˵ĻܿԼˣҲָȾƣû¶ҶӾСȥЩص¶ָϵץһСǩõ̿ϸ


2 ǻ
ϦвһƬϼϼ뺣ˮڣһƬȼյĻ棬źӿɢһĿ
ҶϾȥͺͷĺҲ˲òãʱտ̯æµʱưɵǶϲڽǰЩΪ֪ڵĿ⴮ϾưһֽС֮ǡļβƻĻѧãܵζ
֨֨⴮̿ðŻͣʵƺ̣Ҷܻں˲佫̧𣬾ֱڿϣȻֻһССĶȴһԵȴʳǿһģֻưɽ֣Сưһտ̯ҲкüңҶãΪĿζ۵ͣвʳ;ͳĶ
Ҷɿ⴮ģÿһɣʳǿͱɻͷͣٴӻͷͱͣҲÿ춼һʲ룬Ҳûз¸ǿ֧Сõѧӷͬͺãÿ׬ǮҪһ룬ΪǷһʲ֪²ܻծ
۶վһֶ˽̵椶Ӳߣͦһ㣬Լôʮͣ۾ģƤذף׵ҹɫжϵľѪܣǾưķԱСǴ򿾴ġ
֮ǡھưӦڡ֮ǡȲԸ˱ŲֲԸƵζǾʹ򷢷ԱŴڵĿһȥҶɸưڼԱʶˣСһεģƢǿµ죬ӵ˵ͱ䡣
ôϴ廨Ƶģ㿾˼ҾƶˡСѾʧȥģһĴߴҶɼӿٶȡ
ˣҶ̧ͷӦ˸תһڵĿСеĽУһλʹӿĩҷ𣬲ƫ߶ϣƾǶһųȻƵ顣
СûвССĲֶתưɴţһĳţͣתͷһƣҶִӿ㶵ġǡֻյһĽ
СƲһתͷ׼뿪˭֪벽һ۵죬ƲסٴתͷȴҶڼҴ̯ˮ̿δ۷ֳϾߣܿʧڽֵ
ĵģһˡСƳһ۲Զһڲ֪װʲôľӣһ䣬ת߽˾ưɴš
ˣܹηҶɶûǰ̯⣬ծţҪϻȥӦͷļȫ־ڽŵװϣꤷתԵ·ӷ·ڼٺˡ
κʷĳжƶ֣֮ưɽֵƺ̣޺˸תֿһƬϾɵﻧխĽֵԴϸľ巿߷вʧ޵ǽѾ˿խһѷ죬һЦ
бΪȫغ֮һס˿ڹǧ˿ھռһ룬ﻧסĴн𲻸ߵԱΪķҪ࣬ҶɺСٻסһƤƽΪȻͰ͵ģҲÿ֣ڵķȴĳ
ʮƽ׵Сڰľ崲мһžɫ˲ڰ崲ϣõĮǰϿŮỽǰ˿
󡭡壬壬ÿ¶мǮǣûǮϵŮٻſధ󣬿ɶλȴĮ
ٻȥױܣǸüǳһŶĺӵĽʯңұǸͷ΢ͺĽţλϼġʮŹ顱Ӫ˵˾Ƿ˽ģһֻǧֽ𣬲춼հٷ֮ʮϢӻʱϢٷ֮ʮϣԱףƵòٽ˿಻ԣ˰ǵֶ˸гһǻ֡һġ˶ǳĺֺݣǸ͵ð׵׼
ʯüϵĺС£˵СٻǮǻֽдף껹Ϣ껹ÿ¸ǮϢⱾҲûˡ
壬ûǮˡٻףԼôҲᲩλͬ飬ڳ˰Щʲô
ʯǹһĨ仡˵ǮУͿԸԸ⻹ˡ


3 ծ
ǮٻէʯҵĻϵı΢΢һ㵣̧ͷһ˫ˮ⸡Ĵ۾ˣһʱ侹˿
ʯ˫΢УǰٻϽ¶һĨЦݣתͷһ¼ªСӣ̾˿˵ÿ¸ǵǮϢѾʮˣȥ֪Ҫ£ҲΪѰɣ
ٻϳҧ´һŵʵ壬ղ˵Ǯô¶
ʯ΢΢һЦѹ˵СٻĸΪ˸βǷծÿ̰ڵҲΪ˻ծҵи취㻹ծ˵ʣһǮʱǾͲסﻧˡ
ٻͷһֲԤУ֪ƾԼû취׬ʾ޿ʯҵĻһĸǿĵطһʹָӵˮƲסӿ˳
˵ƱжûʲôɿѭżмӦҲɺϣɺϱ˿Ŵ󣬳һõľС
ٻôҲЩģĿĸһˣǸĸĲм¶ҪӴֻѾҰ޶ѪʳΪ˸βĸĴߣþְ취ǰҵһλ˵˫ŵҽϣĸӲͷƤһʸҽΣ˭ҽǸƭӣƭĸǮ
ʲôƶٻǹƨĶĸһΪƣҽƭǮ㱣·ʱһγɳ۶ĸƿΣȴѪ֮Уʹļ˵һجΣѱĸ顭
ڳĬ˳ʣٻ´ѾҧһѪۣȻһɣʵ壬˵ô׬Ǯ
ʯ¶һ˿Բ΢Ц˵СٻʵһǺֵǮģֻҪͷһ취üǮ
ϵĶٻͷͻͻһŲµʯ˵ֵǮĶʲôϵ¶Ȳ֪ߣҪΪǮŮĶô
ʯٻģǸһ˿Цִӿڴһ۵õֽƬݵϣ˵һپֻͬҪǩǮˣõĻһļǮծ⻹׬飬Ҳ̫Ӱ졣
ٻʯҵĻòָֽƬоԼһɵľż޷ܶԷİڲҪΪʲô
ٻԥһԵźһվɴֻţ۳˵һʮֺ´ŵûȥԸͻǮûĵѾͷ۸Ҳ¸£Ļ¿ηˡ
ԱֵһһĬٻеĺͬ⣬ҧ˵ͬҿǩҪȰǷңõǷǩ
ɵѾͷиõôҲȱλҪϲֻŪȥڵķűƿҶЦ˽һ΢ĵϴ첽ߵٻԣְϴ赽Ž¡
žϴըʮɫӣһŽűϣҶѾһСᣬûмų䣬һ󣬽ʱԺп˼ӦԵķӣС׼ծʱڰͲסͷŭһ˽
΢΢һ䣬ֳһĨŭɫ̧źݺһ̤˵ãֽдף껹Ϣ껹ڻϢѾˣʮ򱾽׼ʱ
ҶɵһЦӿڴͳֻһۣķʵλծҲӣŶʮ˺ţµϢ³ѾˣǷдĻӦһţʮһ죬Ҳ˵һʱǮ֪Բԣ
һЦЦ˵죬ǸҲﲻʮ򡣡
ҶӣЦ˵Ҫʱ˵ʮ򣬻ʮа֪Լû취ﵽծǮֻһһСɵ¡
ʯ΢Ц˵СɣǶ֪û취ǮٸʮҲһֻҪٻѾͷһⶼԽҲӰ彡Ǹӣȫĺûɾܾɣ˵ʱȻ̧һۣڹȻǶʮ˺š
Ҷü΢˵ˣҾǸƺĲҪҲֲСٻͬǩǻȥĵȼ죬һҪ׼տϡ
˫һɾҪ쭣ʯüбһۣ˵ãǾٵ죬ͬ£úÿǣҽͰѻˣֻٻѾͷʮϣԭҾͲ˵ˣ취Ǯɣ˵ֱſȥҧҧſ첽뿪Ņһعϡ


4 Ӱ
Ҷ˫ֽסηѣָϵƤȶףӶŻծ⣬ʱﹻʮ΢˵һ֣µ׳ﲻǮ룬ҲС
ٻûлͷȫԸܵ縴ӵ飬̧ᰴסֱ˵磬ǻʱ䣬취˵βԴһ˿֪Ҫڶ̶ʱڳﵽʾ޿ǲܵġ
Ҷҧҧƽ͵˵СãҪӦ磬Ǯø취ɶܣ׼ɵ£ô
ǡٻۿ˵һȴûģΪоͻȻ˻ȥŶߴһ죬ž
ٻתͷȥҶҧһƺݺԼϣŰƴյǰһۣմһֻӣһС̯Ѫ
ҶɴָӵͻȻ¶һĨı飬ˣҵǮ䡣˵ȳ˷ţԭղߵôæȻǮ˾ưſڣװ̯ǮܶٶҪûġ
Ҷɵֱֳưɣչչһ·ںһתͷȥͣ·ߵڽγĸŷ˳٣ڽγҲż˳٣ͷһ˼̼ٳǰʻȥ
ưɽֲĽֵϳ˺رһĻҶɲֳǰʱʱţڽγ֮ʼʮңǸٵĻǱĶ֪
Ҷ֪ԼβߵĽγһλģĿŵķʽ滳Ⱥһ̵ǲǵڶ壬ڻʣʱ䣬ڻǮҲ⣬һҪԤӦԵķӡ
ת÷ɿ죬ҶԺͷתø죬λ嶼ײϵ⼸϶˶ʮСʱСãֻҪһ̻ᷭڵҪڳﵽʮǲܵģ뷨ӴСʱܿǰתѧʲôЩ鷳
˼ţ֪Ѿ˾ưſڣװǮľȴɣֳϵҶͷһ󾾽³ԭضȦͷ˺üȦûǮټǱ˳ˡ
ҶһƵ̧ͷ׼ѰǮ䣬һ̧ͷϡԶߵĽʯվһӰδ˸߰ݣӰͻȻʧ
ãҶͷһ£¹˲ö볶ڳϰȳ򺣱ߣͷζ˲࣬˲٣Ҳ֪Լܾܲˣܹȥ˴һֱܡ
Ҷɳ򺣱ߵͬһʱͣڲԶɫγѸٴ򿪳ţӳڳĸˣ໥һɫ̰ȳȥʣһݸ߸ִӿڴͳͲԶ׼ҶɱӰ
ʱҶѾܵ˺ߵĽʯԣ¹˫ɨˮ棬뽸ʯԼʮ׿ˮһźӰسظûаˮС
Ҷɴˮðͷ̼˫ۣٶźӰԼˮԺģǲ֪ܲܳŵһ̣
ˣҶ۳źӰԼԶͷһˮ֪ˮõİ취סԷ帡ˮ棬ƾˮҪ㲻ѡ
ˮ²һƬ͸µ¹ҶܿһκӰѸٰ˫̽˹ȥֻͬʱӰ˲ͻȻо˫һգûץκζͷһ˫֡
Ҷ۳˫ֵ˲䣬һεƴһʹ·Ĵ룬ʹſˮ¸Χĺˮ̹˽Ǻֱۣܵʹͷ𣬿һжͽͣôҲ޷ǹֵľ˫Ѳʹͫڽɢ
ҪôСô죿Щծô죿ҶҧŴǿҵʹɢʶ˻оʱûˣԺŸӵͷϱ̫ණľȥ
ҶɴС³ʱȥӸһСϺˮ൱Ǻ˼ˮҲûлҵ֪룬¿ڴﻹһ֧ͲԱʣˮֻҪ˳ܳŵøá
׻˵ǣ벻֪ǵķͻʱ侲˼ΣͷҶɾ˼ǣͷСĴ¿ڴ֧ͲԱʣݰѱͷҧ˦ѱʼ⣬ֻһձͲ˫ֱκӰס㶯ãֻþȫͷѿձͲһˮ档
˻һʪĿӿձͲҶ˾Ϊ֮һҧͲǿðСˮݡ


5 ץ
Σǿ˲ܸĻҴ棬ܼݷеĸǱܣ͡ǿ񡢾֮һֻΪһ򵥵Ŀأȥ
ҶһֽƯڱĺˮУһССıͲάϵźݽҧűͲһˣ˫Ųͣ°ڶʧȥ֪˫ֱκӰסҲ֪ԼܳŶãᾡŵһ롣
筹һΪƣͨ飻ս¶ӳϦоͨѭתЪԵʹȻ
ҶһͳԶ߶߶ַ·Ǻˮӿ㱼о󱳴һǿҵʹʲôӺѣాһ붼ĥֻܽҧűͲ֧ţȻ֪Լ󱳵κӰʼģ͸Ϊһ塣
ߵĽʯվľˣǿҶʮǷծѡɱѾСͷݶûðôӦˡ
˶£ƽʱծû⵨ʪǺѼӣȥһ׼үŮŶӺ򲹵֡
һͷ̽ë˵ȵòͷˣתͷԵͬ鶪˸ɫ˵СӹϲˣǷȷ磬ɴ绰ϴʸ˼
һۣͬʱ˵ͷëӿڴͳֻѸٲͨŵ绰Ҷľ򵥽һ飬绰ͷһͳëǼﻧҶǸȳѾͷκ©ף
ëֱͦӦϴģѾͷܲˡ˵ϵ绰˴˸ƣת첽뿪˺̲
ˮϷһ˻һʪͷ˳Ҷɣ泯측ˮϣҲȥһľֻƾƯߣԺвϻղʱ龰
˼ȥҶͷҲûŪԼôģͻȻϴһʹȷ˼оԼͷݺײĳӲϣˡ
ҶɽźˮĸѵתķԼȻƯ뺣̲ԶһͻأʯԣղԴײ⣬ѹֻʹҪѿƵģ˲ͷϵʹֻŵùʽε˰ߣƴɳص˲Ժһתͷ˹ȥ
һĨ糺ĳشˮӵĵطɢʪķ紵Ͻ׵ĸĭƯŮɳ̲ܣ˴Űɫ˶װͷ׻ɫͷһʫһĺò£ҲǸһһŮ··ɢһʣʫ޲ͬɳƵޣǾưɵϰ֮һ¬׼ѡ
ʫܲʱǰֻŶҡҷԵûʮ㣬Ѿðһϸܵĺ飬ɳ̲ܲΪ˸õıƽȲļƽʱ󣬾ܴ̼ܲٷڼأǿķλ׼źܺõãҲɳ̲ܵԭ
¬׼Ҫǿܶ࣬治ɫʼձָʫţϾͷһʫҶüȻ΢΢һ˵ôĨأȥҲ鷳
ʫգһЦײˣſĽУͱֵԣҪҲԣ
¬׼򱡴ҡͷ˵˰ɣҿɲǦܲ˵Ҳ㡣˸ѿư⻹һڹģĸֹѵģᰮֹ裬ƾ輼ȦӮһ˪ҲʱھưһΣҲǾư𱬵ԭ֮һ
ʫ̧һǰĺ飬Ц˵ѾˣѲҰɹŰ˽ɻô
ɹŰɣ¬׼΢΢һЦ¼ӿٶȳǰȥܳȥʮϵıȻһͣ˽Ų˫۽ǰɳ̲һ̷ˣſţģ
ʫ¬׼ѵ״ܼǰ˫оâҲɳ̲ӰҴϺܿϳ˶ԷݣϵıٿȻһ䣬ʧôҶӣ
ҶӣĸҶӣ¬׼üһ䣬ʫѾˣüٶܵԣ׼鿴ԷʱͻȻһ̴ٵľסظ
¬׼ѿУɳ̲ϵĶ̷ͻȻ̽˫ֽʵʵʫظϣѹᾪгֵǶ̷˫۽գڻ˫ƽƣղϮȫһʶΪ
ʫվԭأĿԲɶǰҶɣһצƽָͣץϣȻڱ۾ϸƷζ̲סˣǰ̧ȼ䣬ֺֿݣʦ̫洫
ϣҶſڷһʹ˫͵һԭŤϸһĨı飬촽С⶯ֻԼ˵Щʲôôô


6 ж
׻˵ʹĪڵʹҶɱһ˸ʵԭӦüʹشԵĽһ͵Բ۾ʫﻹ߶߶ûʹһ¶ʱȴʹ
ʫǰǸĴŮ˵иı΢΢ظһţĶޢγһСȣκһ˶࿴۶ֹʵĹЧС÷ʤһ
ҶеʫȻô޶ˣΪǴʱ˿ԺгһʫΧżɫʹĹȦ·С˰УȦƮֺ֣ĳ۵ƮεһĻҶʱ˵ʹľګԭء
ʫֻ۾ֱԼﾹĪһ˿ھεòǽղһߺ˰ɣСƽʱͦɵģɱ߳ôˣھεġ
ʱ¬׼Ҳʫԣ۴һطҶɣƫͷѹ˵ⲻǾưſտλôղһߵò׼ͽô̶һг˵٩ζλ˪ڹۺǰҲһ档
ʫü˵ҶӺеֵֹģҲ˵
ʮѪ⣿ʲô˼ѲʫʮͻѪôҶиһ૵ϴ󣬱ĶŮ˸ס
ʮѪʫһĨ죬ܿС磬Ʋ˵СӣǲǵʹˣʮѪˣԼ񾭰ɣ˵Թ̧ǰȥڲ߶߶СӣҲñ˫ӳ۲Ķ
¬׼üͷҲûжʣʫǰȥ˼ͷǰλͻȻɲͣ˽Ų΢̲תϷ죬ģȾƿҪƬƵġ
ʫ̧ͷӣŲ鲽ߵ¬׼Ѹǰյߵ˵ҵһ£Ǹˡ
¬׼һʱûӦʵôǸʲô
ʫ¶һĨεı飬ѹ˵£ģ֪ôǰ˺ü죬û
¬׼˲˹תͷѸɨһۣ˿ǸҶɵɵԭ⸽ɳ̲ҲûˣʫڻûѶȡ
֣ղҶ˵ʲôʮѪҺܳȥôаŰɣʫͻȻ뵽ʲôһŤͷҶɣһƵվ빪ưɽַȥӸղһźͦ㡣
¬׼һ򣬵ѵˣٿҪ͸
ҷĴӽٲİɫ˶㣬ǵðҵʫ͵ĻعҧԹһȾܣ¬׼һЦ첽ȥ
׻˵µʹŮᣬҶϡͿʫһɣоԼԩûţֻܰ빪ձͷƵưɽַţʹҲ
治˵ʲôʮѪ⣬һˮݾ˳ֻþлҪʫǸСҶɱ߱̾ղԺгһȦʫûŪ׵׷ʲô״ʫһĨ⣬Ĩȸǹ˰ܵļȦԺȻһãԶʮѪ⡱
Ҳںݾˣټɳ̲κ˯һҹ˻ӻҶɾȻʹĶʫ˵ʲôʮѪˣȴܲǸζ
ɫӰһǰһܹҶʶƫͷȥϵıٿȻһ䣬ʫıӰڰɫ˶ι׵λһ۵Ѫգ۹ѾɢСƴʱ¬׼ǡô嵲סѪա
ɣѪˣҶ¶һĨŵı飬ϽֱƤٿʱŮѾԶˡ
Ҷڵɳ̲ưɽֲİףһβԶ·˴ͷߵưǰʱֳڵϣҲ֪ĸ¶
оʶ˵úãѹҶǸֹ۵ˣٿվҪ̹ȻԣһѶȥǰ𵹿۵ֳʼʰɢһص
ҶɣǮ䣡һ͵͵ŮҶֱתֻСվǰϺȻǸľǮ䡣
ҵǮ䣡ҶŽߵǮ䣬ﾹӿһǰδеĸжΪ̫಻˳ʧõǮۿ֪һˮ⡣


7 ޱҩʦ
Сԭ׼òľ䣬߽ưɴŲźȻľҶƽʱװǮģתǮ䱧˾ưɣ°׼ؼϢɼҶʰӣ̰Ǯԭû뵽Ȼжӯ
ҶǰִӽӹǮ䣬˵һΪҲˣлл㡣Ʋסеļ˵һ˿
С΢죬˶ĵģǮĿԲԡ
ٶʮ˿ëҶſڱһִ֣ӷ˷һĳƱüͷ˵ԣ˶ʮ顣
СһЦҶһ̿ôǮҷŽˡ
Ҷ¶һĨȻı飬˵ѹ֣Կ
Сһۣ˵ˣǶҳϻ𣬶ˣǳô
Ҷɺܿ϶ĵ˵ͷã⳵ģ㣬ͦʵ
С΢΢һЦþͺãҪлҾһ˾ȥŽ֡
Ҷһ˼ʵŽ־кܶɻϽְɣȥΣֶƷֵ̯ͦġ
СͷţҾסŽ֣ʱ仹磬ֳһؼҡ
Ҷתͷһֳ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫѹ˵ؼû⣬⳵еС⣬ֻǰ棬ɣ
СǸˬֱӣ⻰üͷһЦ˵ʲôýģֶֻųѣѲɻеֻɶô
ҶƤһ󷢾ϽͷУǾϳɣȥŽ֡װŲ¶Ϊ˸лСԼǮ䣬һˡ
СͻһֳȥԺЩڣǱҶ˻УһŨҵζֱǿףо٣ϵ¶ҲȻߡ
ҶǰֹһֳعСٻڿճ쳵װֻСǰһ·˲ʱϼ䣬ģеŮ
أֺʲô͵һ𣬳ϵСǰһ㣬ʱо빵иɶ״ѵûţþһ˳ĥ˼£Ҷƺһһɲͣ
СһתͷҶһƬɷףֻӵɵԲ۰лʺϸѪ˿ͷһԴŵʵôòǸղһ°ѳ˰ɣ
Ҷһɬҡҡͷ˿˵ɶˣʹ
СŵĹ״ﶯ˶ǸʲôٿһɬҶɣ͵뵽ɶʲôæӳ£ҪγѪ
Ҷں޲ҸضȥǮۺ񣬸ղųһʯͷ͵һӲǰһξ룬û뵽ɶᱻС˸ţʹû
С˸ҧŴ˵ҼﲻԶˣһԼ߹ȥˣлл䣬Ѿͷǰȥģһֻܾӡ
ҶɿЦŴӳųǰУ֪ǰŽԻؼңߴǷӷĹỴ̂һľ¥άֵı־ϹɫĻǽֵԵĵ̯̯СǵЦ
ŽȫʡĹ漯ɢأҲǹðѰأͭľֻżӼĿĿϾӣִС̯ҲԭĽֵխС
ڸչ˵㣬Žϵ˲࣬С˵̯׼ӭͣҶųڽֵϻǰУ̯СǶɫ֪Ǹ·ģҲûЦü۵ĵм
žһ죬ʲôصҶʶתͷһۣԺᵹһػɫľżż泯£ԺĿݲƽвҧĺۼߴľתƵ̯ϣҲ֮һ
̯Ǹ಼ӵľͷ°һ糤ɽһ˫۴ŶҶɣһ˿Ц
ҶɷſѣͷߵľԣּľȴֵϻиСľ飬ϵıٿȻһ̷תеľһۣͷࡣ
һľҩʦΪԶĹϵѾģ壬ԭǱӵĲλȱһС飬˸ûӷүȥܻҶȴЦ֪ϵСľǷүıӡ
Сӣ·ӲͰľҩʦǱˣ˵ôɣͷɽ˵һ䣬̧Ųƹ̯λ˹


8 ¸
׻˵ˣҶȻûۿֳôľ񣬵ǴڵľȷǱ𣬷鶼ϣͿôƽˡ
ͷߵҶɶվһץסͷһ˫Ѹڳ飬һĨʧ֮ɫ˲š
Ҷɷļ̌ͷ̯˵ûȫȻײĻ˵ôɣ
ͷ˵ĩĻľҩʦ˵Ʒ಻ãһǧ˰ٿ鲻⣬̯ѹȱһ޸Ҫһǧ飬ͷҲģһǧ鶫ߣôɵ
һǧ飿Ҷ˫۵ɵԲظһ䣬ʵǮ׼̯ĿǴ󳬳ԤƣȫҵһҲ壬Ҳⲻ
ͷµ˼Ц˵һǧѾͼۣǿʵķϣԭۻöӰ˰ٿ飬Ҫʶתֻܴ׬һʡ
Ҷüͷ˫۽ǰľ̯ĻȥҶǰҲûʱԺֳһľ񣬾ľһ㵭ɫ⻪һãԶԺ𣺽¸
ǰġʮѪ⡱ͬһΪƽ񣬻¸ָ䱦ƸҶÿҪȥưɽѧУĳɼǰéƽʱϲģͳﲻڻ£¸ʱͷһ£Ҳü
ͷ⽲һͻȻֶҶľ񷢴ۿѾ죬Ҫᣬͷ΢΢һСʵͽģҲǸûˮǮҪѹһѹ취եڴǮˡ
Ҷɲ֪ͷʲôע⣬ߵֳǰִľǮ䣬гƱһץ˳ֵ̯˵ҵǮȫһʮ˿ëٶҲûˡ
ͷϵı΢΢һ㵣۽ҶеĳƱԭΪҪեСӿڴǮҪһû뵽Էľȥʮ⣬ܷϺüֵˣ
ҶԺеľֵͬʱʧ٣ԤУľڲŶǮ˵ջ
ͷϻɱүأ񵽲ӸҲ֪¡һͳӾͷϵıٿȻһ䣬ݵһץҶеĳƱǺＱģһ볮Ʊͻ᳤ϳƵġ
Ҷüͷһµ˴󲽳ͷˣϽеĳƱ˿ڴָָ̧ľ˵Ǯ壬ҩʦˣ˵ϻиӡ
ŽиĵĹأֻҪ˫Ǯ壬ۻǼ©ȡȫƾһҪһѸ߷ƷԱҪлò˰ӵľ򣬵ȻҲðײ˼ԵԱȤڡ
ҶеĳƱͷڴ˭Ҳ޷ıʵŽִ׮Ѿɡ
ͷҶɣƶתߵǰ¶һֺõЦ磬ͷӱݷ⣬Բĵɱү翪˸ţһ˱ġ˵ɣϵЦȴԵЩӲ
Žֵαӳŵ룬רгΰͼܽȹΪ˹ֱ಻ɳӣԴӹŽαִгиթΪɱүн϶ӵһ֣ץסһҪط
ɱүײɴͬС죬ֻõˣɱүõСԭ𻵵Ļڵ̯صλãһ͸߹ס߽ǣ׵Ĺ·̯߹ߣٽˤжթ
űյϢͷ͵͵֡ɱүĹղյϢϹץΣץסһҪϻ㡣
ߣûɱү˵Ĳ㡣űһͷתҶɣľϸ꣬еľĸȤˣѵϢԣôСҲҰ
űƣҶͻȻеľשϣž꣡ľһ̶ĴķѣľйһžӨ͸һöѴСӣӳԡ
Ҷ¶һĨϲɫһѽץס֪ӵļֵģ൱߬ߵģˡ¸̲ص˼ɻ˲䱻ϲóɢ
СӣͷôһƽϵҶ߬ӵ΢΢һͷĪһš


9 
Ҷ߬еתͷվһλɫװˣλͷɫĸߴ󱳼䣬һѰƣβһӨӨС׹ģǸǸ
˼ҶһŵĴԼһĨ΢ЦʵСӣƲ¶׵ĵͷҲƲիƷ裬ͷͬһΣ
իҶֻǸ·ͣȻҲ֪իʲôھưɽ꿾Ҳɫɫ˴ſ˻ЩĵãǰλüĿӦòʲôˣ˵ĺҪǮ
һԵűҶԥģ̲סѵСӣλիĪүӣľҳĸүӳ۶󲻵
Ҷ۽ǵԵͷӹֻĶ۽Լ֣ϵСģ޲ǿӣѾǮ壬˼ҳκαҲֻܸɵۡ
ĪүӼҶԥһЦչȣӡĸԾĲ֣ѵúͿ·һСֿϣѣͿѣɴתͿѡһţһİͼҲĪүҡҡת̧ߣɼٶѿࡣ
ĪүӣƳҶһеӴڴмֳ˹ȥ
첻ۣڹе˴뱲ӣʱ˲ðͷҡͷһ̾ߴҶԶȥıӰջأڵϵľƬҷշ˼ͻȻһʹУԭָⱻľѪ졣
űԱһ֣˶첻£Сӻã
ҶɽĪүһ·ǰУʱһɫľ¥ǰ¥йһ̽ңվĽ֣իһľ¥ܱнҪߴɡ
ĪүӺ£ȶ¥һƬյָָ˵ͣˣҽ
Ҷ԰ֳͣյϣĪү߽ţ߽ſһװӴĹƷ̣ľʽṹǱƤʵõĶʵʵϣټι̨æµĵԱˣĵڵĿ˱ȵԱֹһ֪Ǽ¡̡
ĪүҶ˶¥¥ݿվĿĺװӣү¥һװתߵб淿ǰץסŰƿ˵һԡ
ҶɸĪү뷿ţͽȻһԭһ̺ȥ˵˽Ųӡ
òĪүЦкҶڲ輸Եɳ£תͷվſڵĺװ˸ƣ̹ϡ
ĪүӲߵɳԷ£΢Ц˵СӣŽֵټٵĶ࣬©޼Ȼ˾Եݣóͷӳ۰ɣ
ҶͳڴӵݸĪϣܹ˵ӴҶԹһϲͨæ·Ȼ˾ѡĪϣϣλղǸ˵ǹееĸˡ
Īϰģ˫۽ӱ棬󻺻תߴӸͬĽǶϸ۲ö͸ӣϵı齥ӲϿһöɫ߱飬Լʮҡ
ˡű죬Īϴջߣűƿһ۵ŮŸľߵ輸ԣð໨ɲ豭ǰת˳ȥ
вǼƷò裬ŰԶŵζҶڿ׿࣬ǽʣ֪ӵļֵ
Īϰڲ輸ϣֶһȲյᴵ˴С
Ҷִ豭أȴûжӣŲ輸ϵӵʵүӣֵ٣
ĪϵЦŷʵ©ǿ϶ģľܹ˶Ǯ
ҶɺʵĴľܹȥʮ˿ëӺ׬ġ˵ɣȴЩʧĪүƽ̬ȲѿӼ۸񲢲ߣԭָӵļֵܵǷµծ񣬿ǲˡ
Īһڲ裬˵һŸ߱ӣмʮ£Ǽ˸©
ٿ־׬˼ٱŽֵȷ˸©൱ѵá
Ҷ̾˿һס豭ĸ̵һƫڵĲˮڲ輸ϣһԵ鱻ˮʪͻȻ


10 Ѻ汦
Ө͸·˲ע˻ڹ⻬Ĳ輸һĨͶ⡣һĻɱĪУϵıҲ֮һ䣬ְ̧ס顣
Сӣȥеȹϣ˳ְѴҲϡĪƫͷԵҶɷԸһ䣬סɿͷصļ϶йۿӡ
ҶߵԹϵƣߵϺɫӣʱ
ѵ飡һҶ͵תͫһŰ׹תۼѾɢӳһ֮ɫ
Ҷͷͻһ첽ߵ輸£ʵĪϣղ˵ʲô
ĪϵıתΪ˵֮飬֮赣֮߸ʧ֮ƶ飬赲Ϊ˫һԭȡ汦ഫ汦ʼʵãʼʵں׭죬˸׭˴ʼʵᣬ˵Ķɾţö飬ô
˵һ룬ĪͻȻͣ˫۽ǰӣѾҶɵĴڣֻ顣
Ҷɲ֪飬֪赣Ǳˡס赹ԡʣֵǡҲǸıֵ޷뵽Ҳļ
үӣھֵ֪ǮΪĺȱǮҶֵ֪ˣûղӣɳƱܽծ⡣
Īü˼Ƭ̣һ˵СӣǼֵǵıͷҲܸۣⱦһ鷳ĵӦöġ
Ҷ˵ͷҶڵĴܰ黻ɳƱ˵ֵڹе˭ʶϣܰ취
ĪһʵСӣҪǮ
ҶҧҧʮǮҺҪ˵Ƿһʸͨղŵ̸ĪǸŵĳߣ԰ѹʸĸǷλľҪĽһ顣
ĪϾҶɵĽü΢΢𣬹˰ӹ⾰ϸһĨ΢Ц˵ʮ㲻ʲôĿھͿԸ㣬ǮҲǰ׸ģҪѺһһݵѺͬʲôʱܻʱ԰ȡߣ㿴ô
Ҷɲ˼ĴУôˣʡģллˡ
Īƺû뵽Ӧɴ࣬ϵЦȻһʵСӣǼֵǵ飬ôô
ҶɵͷţҾһ̿ʼѡټϸղŸ̸ҸԼѡû
Сӣţǰ;ĪزṼΣԵȣȥȥ׼Īһ䣬е뿪˷䡣
ҶɳϾȴ˫ŹĪϳμ棬˵ӦþװѺȥƫƫôˣԭһĺҪһǮծ̵ͨĽ̸оĪֵΣ˵ģ˾Եݡ
ʱȥת۾͹˴ͷűƿĪһҵɫ˽󻹸һļеİŮ
Īߵɳ£еķŵҶǰ²Ц˵õˣʮֽȵ㣬Ŀǩͬ
Ҷɴ򿪷ӣװһոµİԪ󳮣ƱŰֽģմȡãɢһɵīζ
ҶɰѴĳƱһԶȫڲ輸ϣȻһشֵķӿе㱿ʵֺֿãֻ˼ӾͰѳƱ˴
ˣʮ򣬿ǩͬˡҶɷԣĪͶȥһм񣬶˵ǮԶʲôҪ
Īϴָ飬ӿڴȡһСдװãƫͷһԵŮ˵Ѻͬɡ
Ů̴ļȡݴӡõĺͬͬǩֱʺӡһŵҶǰ˵ͬһʽݣûǩˣָӡʳָ
Ҷһݺͬϸ飬ĪԼһֻҪܻǮͿʱȡ飬ݺͬû⣬ϸ֮¾ͻᷢһ©ʮضǮ˲ࡣ˼˼룬ǩԼ֣ӡͬЧ
Ůջһݺͬɨһ۵ݸĪϣ¶һĨ˷ܵЦݡ


11 ʾ
ĪϽӹͬϸͬеĽһݸŮĿתһԵҶɣͬǩ˲֪֣ҶɣҸһ£ŮĪϪԺʲôҲʱҲ
ĪϪһЦ󷽵ĳҶƣ˵á
ҶɸϽȥգסȴ񱻻ǹƵ˻¶һĨεı飬̧ͷ˵Բմӡ͡
ĪϪͷһֱȻһԲӡ̧ͷҶʱȻһ漴쿩Ц
Īüͷ˵ϪѾͷմӡõЦô
ĪϪҲ𻰣ָָ̧ҶɣĪѭָķȥҲʼСƶԭմӡ͵ָ˱ӣͷལͷҷȦģױϷСǻ̿
ҶҲү״ʶĨգʵôϳ𣿡һĨְָϲӡͿϣӦʱѾˣһͿ˸ڡ
ĪϪǿסЦӿڴȡһ־ű߽쵽Ҷǰϴּ䣬оӣȥϴ
Ҷûȥ־𷫲վЦ˵ˣҶˮϴͺã˲ʱ䣬Ҳûؼˣлл˵תĪϹ˸ת׼뿪
ţĪȡһƬߵҶԣƬڴ˵ԺѴԴĵ绰
лҶɵͷлŷ첽߳˷ţϴҪϻؼȥһҹδСøõȼˡ
뿪իѾ磬ҶɵֳﻧȥȻ֪ʮĦгԶԶԼĦгϹĸͷƤп˵ˣ˼ݳ˶ŰָƤףһ̽΢ؽ˫۾۽Ҷɺ󱳡
ƼҶɸû뵽˸٣ֻ̤ųǰУװǮķڴбǰǵҲܵһʱ䷢֡
ǰʮ·ںƣҶɰѳŷǻ̻߶ͣʶǮϸһĨЦݣ̫벻飬ڻƵġ
ءͽȻһĦгĵҶͻһֳȫǳһӦΣıܣǰķװŻծǮˤͷҲǮаʧ
Ǻһ۴ֵ˦ֳͷǣҶ͵̧ͷһĦгХƱһ顰ͬġֽסϵͷһ
٣ҶԺէһͷĺëವǰĦгͷȳеȥѰ˼ųеܰĦгٵļһܳȥҲִһĦг
Ҷĵһ۽ǵƳҲһĦгٳԼ۾͵˽ǰ˲öǰһˣֻŵһգֻЬɳ۶Ħдɡ
ͨҶ˵еϣڵϺݺݿһ£üٶǰܣ䲻һǿ島ȥ
ҶתͷһֻһĦгͣԼ󣬺ϵļһﵥŷʹϣ֮˫һѿסîȫǰͳ壬žһ죬ʵĲӦϡ
ģûͷСӡһץյͷһ䣬۳ҶɱŷеҪ³ȥ׷ĦгѾ
ʮ·ڷɳ᲻̫ͣãܳɹʧܶҪϽοǴ죬뿪ֳпܻᱻץĸĦвᣬȡ˱ֶΣΪ٣˵׼ڸ;УǲҾ롣
ҶɲûԶŷվеĿĦгʻȥվԭش˼һŭ˦˦ͷ첽ܹȥֳ뿪
컯գʮ·ڣһ̶̼ʮʧٲû̫עæµһгСȥ˾ᡣ
ҶٶȸϻﻧխĽֿͽȻɲתͷþĿѸɨȷ˸ٲųһڴųս˽ֿڣﳵⷿ״ϱȻ䣬һ³ŷȳſȥ
ڵķǰᵹһžΣһֻϵָȦŤ˰֣ηϵһ޵ĺƮҶɺСǰԼźţСͻûʱͨѶʱ۵λ÷һ񣬴Ժڴֿɼĵط׼һû뵽һó


12 ໪·
Ҷɳ䣬һƬңСԭλ߻תСϲİ״ɻƿˤƬһӳɽɢڵأý̤ڲлһ̲ĿĵѪ
СãҶһǮأǰѾµСõ˭ϵѪͷһʹ߼ӣ΢ֻ̲Ѫָ⴫ʪ֤Ѫ˸߲á
Ҷҧҧվӿڴͳֻһ벦˹ȥ绰ͨӻͲдһԴҶɣ
ң壬ҪãծûǴСٻô˼Ҷǿסͷķŭʵ绰ʯңĵСá
绰ͷʯҳĬ룬˵ûٻѾͷ˽ģΪ˸ΪծˣҰӹȫǳһ⣬óԺúȵסţȴƤǿ˰ٱ
˵ˣҲȲԼҵĹѣϾ͹СûؼңСٻҶɺĳʯҵĻ֪һ̽ӻСþͻһΣգ¶ϲá
ٺ٣ʯЦ˵ǻ·ʮţٻѾͷߣҪҲԣǵôǮ
Ҷ˵ģǮһҲģҸСý仰ǰ˵λ˽ıڱжзӣ֪λá
绰ͷĬʮ룬ڴһϤ磬˵ˣҾ֪ǲɵµģƭҡ˵һٻ̲ס޳֪Ϣûеһᣬˮܿӿ˳Ǹ˵ˮ
Ҷ˿ƽһ¼οٻޣĵȵȣܿ͹㣬һϢǮˣȻծǻķӣ̨֣Ժֻ̨ˡ
ٻԹȻֹס˿ʵ磬Ǯծˣ㲻Ϊ˶ҿĲ˵ɣ
ҶЦȻǣʲôʱƭ㣿ǵø˵ôֻҪھͲίᱣһӡ
绰ͷٻĬ˼룬ȻӿǸжᣬͲдʯҵͳīīߴߴ˵
ҶͻȻ뵽һ飬ϽʵٻôһؼڵϿһ̲Ѫ
ٻ˵ѪҵģҷĶˤҵĻƿһҲϵ׹Ҿͺݺҧһڡû˵꣬ͨѾϣһ˲˵ȥֻ
ҶɰֻڴתװǮķߵͷһ鴲ȡһֽ򿪣һľ辵һСϴװŵĸ顣
Ҷɰѷ£𵯹Է£ⶫѾûˣָлǰʮ˴СĵССĵϿ˵ָĴģʮȸ۴ϧٺҲܵƱԴͺˣֻżл򼸸ƿǿʲô֡
׻˵֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡλ嶼ֺĺڵĽɫǴ򽻵òһ֣ҶȡƱͬͬһ봲ͷľסץ𷫲ܳ˷䡣
ҶһСֿڣʿȥҴҵ˵ʦȥ·
ʿ˾ǸʵˣҶɵĻƫͷһۣʵСӣ˵ȥĶ
·ʮţ鷳㿪ЩҸʱ䡣Ҷظһַ˾ûжʣǰʻȥ
Сʱȥͣһ·ڹսǵͣλϡʮ顣˾۸ְ̧ѼƳ̱
Ҷɴ򿪷һǣȡһųƱݸ˾ʵʦǻ·𣿡
˾ƫͷһеĴӣ̧һָǰĽֵ˵ǰ·ڵ𣿽ȥ·ǻ·СӣҶ죬ǵطĲ̫ƽƱŵ˵ӹƱ㣬ٶ˵ʲô
Ҷɵлŷ³İϵ˸ᣬ·ϣȻȥܻһգһв˦󲽳·ȥ
˾˵û·ȷ̫ƽڱеǶ֪·࣬Ӷ࣬ݺࡣ
·洦ɼȺಲĻӣ첲ϵǰӥֵ쾡£ĺƤ
̫·ԴûչϽ۽ǺС˳ֲҪǮĴСü۶˸αĵ⣬˶һ۹ȥһ紵Ÿ첲ƵĳСߡ
Ҷɲ·ʲôر𣬵⳵˾һСģһ߿첽ǰһѰʮţһӹ⾰ȴһ¡


13 Ѫʮ
·ÿһξͻῴλöкƣҶɷкƶǵһֱӵţŹȥߺţԴƸûʮš
ҪҵʮֱЧİ취·Ҷڴ첽߽·һұ꣬ҵͦر𣬺ƽꡣ
ϰ壬ƿũɽȪҶǮڲ̨ϣһˣиСϰߣĻģֻҪ˶ԽжԷϰ壬Եÿء
Ƴһ۹̨ϵĳƱ˵ũɽȪˮ˿飬Ǯ
Ҷ΢㵣ŴӿڴͳǮŵ̨ϣǵúǿũȪˮ飬Ϊ·༸ǮҲԽܣ˵ũɽȪر
ִһƿͨũɽȪڹ̨ϣֺƿǵĻ
Ҷɳ˵˵·İɣ˵ɣٺţ
Ҷ⻰ͷһϲæ˵·ʮţҺҲ·ϵĺƶǵ
һۣǹһĨ΢Цʵ˫㻹·ô
Ҷһͣܿ˹ϵ˫ժģΪľ·߼Ʒ
˺µ룬˹˵Ϲ£ҲŪģ·ϱ¹ļҵ·һǮͯۡ
ҶҲüƽЩһ˵Ҳˣܸһ·ʮô˰ɣ
ЦЦ̧һָſ˵·ֱʮֱӽȥǰʮߵС¥ˣˣźܻţֵġ
лҶɵлת첽뿪˵·ߺܿҵС¥иǰְһť
ҡ˭ﴫһƵ˵еͷ
Ҷɳʯң˵Ǯˡ
䣬ŷһ죬Ҷ˽ȥǰһ¥ſں¥ݿڸվıδ󺺣ҵƺżһ
ſһ󺺵Ҷһۣľʯڶ¥ߵ䣬ܺԼӺͣ鷳ʯҲס
סҶɱӦһﰵ˼⣬⼸һﲻλ£ⶰС¥ҲһǵģΪʲôСô
Ҷƣ¿첽¥ݿڣߵǰұߵķͻȻһ򿪣һƲŷˣһ̲Ѫ
¥ݿڵĴ󺺳ǰѾҲƵſڣ˶һˢˢɲͣ˽ŲţϹš
˸ܵǰͱƻıδǰڵأǸ󺺻˼ȭʹȥϼŵ¥ݿڡ
ͻȻͣ½Ųƫͷվ¥ݿڵҶһۣȵ̣ٿŲӰӿٳ
Ҷɱһ飬ͷŷ첽¥ݣղ۽ǵƳƳ˳ķ䣬ܴŴϲŷˣȻԿŵƿضͷȾѪֽϸﵽײĹֲԤУһҪС뿪
϶¥䷿ſڣҶ̧׼ȥ÷ţָµ˲ͻȻˣűŰվſЦЦٰתƵķɨɨ
û뵽㻹е㱾£ɣŵһЦת߽˷䡣
ҶҧҧҲ˽ȥĸָ¥¿һСþһܴϣǽ֧ס壬ܴʯҺһķֵ긾ŮһֻۣһƤͻѾǸŮ
磡ٻһϲõˮӽӵ绰һֱھȴڸȵˡ
ҶɶСõ˵ͷʾģ첽ߵʯǰ򿪷סǰ죬ʵ壬ǮҴˣڿ԰Ƿ˰ɣ
ʯһ۴ĳƱƤЦⲻЦ˵е㱾£ξҲˡ˵ֶ̧һӣ˸ơ
ŴӿڴͳһŵõֽҶУ˳߷ָ꼸³Ʊ߽ǣʯҵ˵ͷһжϳƱαûҪϸˡ
Ҷɴֽ˿ǵдµǷû˫ֽסǷԽ˺ٵһ˺ظΣֱǷ˺һѲСֽƬ˭Ҳû취ԭ
ʯ΢ЦۿǷҶϱ˺Ƭ˵СɣծѾˣڿԴٻѾͷˡ


14 ޵е
Ǯծ壬ʯֳĴҶɸоЩ⣬ûʱϸ룬첽ߵܴת˵Сã米ؼҡ
ţٻӦһŲҶɱϣ˫ֺȻסĲӡ
ҶɱСõ˵ߣƫͷһЦѹ˵ٻˡ
ٻֻƤȣСԹˣҳԺٵģ㶼ûˡû˵꣬ҶѾ첽߳˷䣬¥ݲٸӿ˼ֱ֣˳˴ŲŻ
ٻֲһҶɶͷĺˮ˵磬ߣ
Ҷִֵҡҡͷ˵У뿪˵˵걳Сÿ첽ӿȥ·طʿҲԸкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ţٻܹɵĵӦһ˴米ϣһҶԸܵȥһ˼ѾɶƲסһϽͷ첽ӿȥ
ҶɱСһ·ߵǼʹ·ıǰڸƫͷһ۲̨ϰڹ̨۾ֻϷ⵹ҲС
磬ҿڿʡٻСһ䣬ָڴ¡
ţҲˡҶӦһС߽˱̨꣬ϸ߽ŵʣܽźˮĹСЪһᡣ
ҶɱСߵϵ£ȻӿڴͳһųƱڹ̨ϣ˵ϰ壬ƿȪˮ
ϰ̧ͷһֵۣͷֻ˵Ȼᣬ̡
ģҶֹһ䣬ȴû˵ڵϰղŰԼָ·ķϾӵϼӡ
ӹȥϰͷҲû̧һ£ȫֻϷУѾɤð̵Ĺ˿ͻĭȴ
ʱֹӣҶɲټʱ䣬ƱתߵСԣ˵߰ɣб滹мұꡣ
ٻ촽˵磬ںôˡ
ȥˣҵϷˣǵϷŸտʼϰ˵̸ֻԵıȡƿȪˮڹ̨ϡ
ʲôϷҶתһŵϰ壬ָָ̧⣬ѭָķȥĸԲʱĵĽ׳Ӵӵһķֵ긾ŮŮ˽һֻۣһɫƤ
ôˣҶͷĪһţŮ˲ǰʯһʲô
ϰʲôˣֱ̨ϵĿȪˮƿ˵ƿȪˮһٰʮ飬Ǿ仰ֵġ
ҶһͣÿƵŵϰ壬Ŵʵƿˮһٰʮ飿ܿ־ӿڴͳŰԪ󳮷ŵ˹̨ϡ
ϵϰŨü΢һ䣬Ʊ̨ϵտ䣬ʮԪϹ̨Ц˵һٰŻݼˣ˭ǻͷأ
ҶɿЦջسƱһƿȪˮšӵݸСãһƿȴûд򿪣ΪŮѾߵ˱ſڡ
Ů̧ͷһ۱ϷƣһĨ˲ţϵķС鴤£̧߽˵ţ󺺸׼Žţһɫವķɵǽ¡
žأȻһƿûǵĿȪˮҶһŵϰ壬ղһз̫죬ѹûϰôԼеĿȪˮ˦ſڵġ
ӵĵ͵Ūӵĵذשϰڹ̨ϲ֪ʱһСһһ˵һ߲õָס
˵Ҳ֣׳ʩ˶ǲǰ벽ֻ۾ֱŶŮˡ
·˭֪ϰĵǳļǮֵǼͲýˣò˼ҵĵذשŮ¶һĨЦݣȴǹҵڲè塣
ϰ̧һŮˣ˵ϹҲǻ·ϴҵĹӦöɣ
ҶϰԱţͷ⣬ϰͦţģ޵УϹ˺ͦģȺȿˮ˵
Ů΢Цߵ̨ǰִӿڴͳ΢ĵĺƤǮ˶˵ϰĹȻǶģ͵ɢӣԣŶԣҲƿȪˮɣ
ϰһĨ仡̧õָָ˵ȪˮˣҲҵĶ·Ͼ͵ƽգ˭ҪǸΪǾĻף


15 Ѫ
Ҷڲλ޵ϰ˵ġֵʲô壬·ϵƽգܶŮǲǳСģƿ߼ۿȪˮһƽպֵˡ
Ů˽ʵʵ˸ӲӣϵЦٿȻһһ˲ţ˵ϰ壬Ҷǵģǵͷ̧ͷⶫ˶ģҪñͨ
ͨƨû쭸Ͻӣһ΢е˫ͻȻϵ·Ҳ֮˼£˵Ȼı䣬̵ıϰ˲Ϣһͷ˶ɵޡ
Ů˱һеĺƤǮһסأҧŶңʼⲻͣģѾһܾȵϻ
վſڵ׳Լͬӣתһ࣬˭ǿǱ쵱Ļˣڴڰ״̬ҲǼǵģϳԱ񲻶ˡ
ŮһһվԭӲǮת뿪׳󣬾ֻͷԵķЧҩƵתۼָ˻
ŶŮԶתҶɣʵϹר˵ٵĹ˳ˣôˣ
٣ҸʶҶüͷ뵽ʮС¥龰µһЩλ϶ǸĶŮ˹Щɥĵ¶ָо֣ղѾǷծΪʲôŮ˻ҵ
ʶҵһЦ˵ڰĽٵСˣΪֻӣϲ֣ȻҲȱǮģ˵ˣ˻·Լ񡣡˵겻ٴҶɣִֻ̨ͷ
ٻۿ΢죬ҧŴ˵磬Ӧҵģ˱֤һǷծ⻹Ӧȥ㣬Ҿ͸ǩһݾͬ
ʲôͬҶɫ䣬ͻȻ˼ȣͷָֻ΢΢һһϷϷ
һپͬٻ˵Ʋס˳˫Űǩͬľһ顣
ŰٻʮС¥̰ڳһɷģծʱˣŮ˲ֹżƣϸİοãʾ԰ծѰδĴ磬ǩһپͬʱúûҵҶɻ黹Ƿծ֮ǰݺͬǲġ
ҵϽĶǷƨֻкͬǰֵֽĶϹ߯ԸһСһ𳪣СܸһʷĽ
Ҷ⣬ȥСϵˮ˵ծѾˣʲôͬôǻؼҡ
ţǻؼҡٻӣֹסˮ˵ͷ
Ҷת׼С뿪һתȻվԼǰϻƿȪˮ΢Цųε
СӣԸֶ˲ûãҲ㲻õİ취Ǳӹ¶꣬ҵԸƽ⵵¶Ϳû˼
ü۴Ц̧еĿȪˮʹε˼£ҶɣĶֵ
Ҷ֪Ҵʲô⣬һ˼ʵοȪˮʲôۣǮˡεĿȪˮ۸һԶ߹ǰΣܻǮµ鷳Ҳá
ϵһĨ΢Ц̧һοȪˮ˵ۣ˰һƿǾ仰ֵ
Ҷü˼˼룬ִӿڴͳһСƱ˵㣬պһǧٿ飬ûаԥֱӰгƱң˵Ͼô࣬Ƿһٿ
øˣ͵Ǿؼ¥΢ЦֽӹƱ˵ָⲻɱĴһջسƱʱô͸УôŶԷЩ۳Ʊ
ʵҶɲ۳Ʊָ˲ԺͻȻֳһֲɫȦСˣһĨҫۺС˸ѾǹȦһϵԺƲݡ
Ѫһ
θǰβͬ˸ݴʣѾйξҶͷƣѵǰλòϰǸѱôôҲҪùʲôѪһ
еĿȪˮƿҶǰ˸Ц˵ʵ˵׬Ǯ治ף˵øϹһ̣𷢴ˣСţҹغõǻؼҡ
ҶֽӹȪˮһԵСãȥ


16 ֵ
ҴӲ˵ԼʲôˣǸԭõˣǮ֣һʮڵϴ쿪ʼûڻ·Ͽұ겢ȫΪ׬ǮǮİá
ҶɱСýﷴĥԼϷĹ£й¶ǴЩʼģһʫԺгһȦΧʫõˡʮѪ⡱ʾڶҩʦľԺͬҲһҩʦ𣬵õʾΪ¸
һǻŮˣһľ񣬰˵֮ҵͬ㣬ңԺгһ˸ңõʾҲǰζĸ֣ѪһҶŬǰ龰ͼϸҳͬ㣬֪Ѿߵ·ڡ
̧һʿţתͷ΢Ц˵ϳؼҡ
Ҷ߹ȥתСϳѸɨ·û˸٣Ų˳ڡ
Ҳתͷһۣǳǳ仡ǰȥ˵ȥŹ㳡
ȡ˾Ӧһ˳ӣϵҶˣ̲ס˵סﻧȥŹ㳡ʲô
תͷһЦ¶һڰɭɭݣû¶ȥѣ˳еβ͡
βͣҶͷһѸƫͷųȥҲû˵βͣƲƲ첻ٶʡ
ٻһƿҿǵĿȪˮݵҶУ˵磬ղűһۻˣȿˮɣ
ҶɽӹˮƿڣֱĨһˮգеۣûǵծˣԺӾɶˡ
ٻһĨЦ˵ҸһȥһŬ׬Ǯ˵һͻȻԵĴɵеĿȪˮƿϵıֵֹģͷ΢Ѳƿˮʲô⣿
ʵȪˮûκ⣬ҶԺֳһɫȦסСˣٻ
ٻĳҶһЩŵСܹȦηһȦϹתƯϸһ¹Ȧ߲㣬ࡢȡơ̡ࡢϣ·һޱȵɫʺ磬ֵǸϵʾȴٳûг֡
⣬ʱ˫ʾҶɽȻһɣظһڳղ»ʮѪ֮ĵùʾڿ԰ˡ
ⲻ֪ɶ˼ʱ˫òƻСȥƱɶ˵иͷɶġҶͷֹ뵽Ȼ̲סٺ͵
ٻһʱŹһʱ͵Цɵ֣סһ󾾽ץס첲ҡΣ磬ôˣٻһ룬ۿѾˡ
ҡˮˣû¶ҶɱСõŸ첲һҡпȪˮƿ͵һ㣬ƿȪˮȫ˿ϣǹ˷ܾȫ𣬿еͷʪ˺ôһƬоöšˮ
ٻԼ˻Ͻ̽ҶɲȫһʶΪ
𣬶ʪˡҶɷӦ죬һùٻץС֣һǳɫȻã¶ҲЩΡ
˭ҿһºмβͣǰŵͻȻ˵ΣĴӿڴһͰ͵̵ǡ
ҶŤͷ󣬸ŲͷһγСβ͡һʱҲѷֱ棬ֻӼ۲졣
תʮ·ڣҶע⵽һֱںĽγֻʣתһ·ֻʣɫСγµûγǡβ͡
ѵĿĵأ밴Ƽѣͣ˼Ź㳡ԣǮ˳ʣתͷʵмβͣ
ҶĴǺɫСγ
ҵһЦǸң껰ʲôֵ³󿴡
Ҷûж˵ʲô³빪Сϱ۽ǵⲻβͣڲʮ·ͣţҲ³
ҵ³ִֻڿ㶵Ƶ߽㳡Եһŵ꣬ҶɱСÿ첽˽ȥλϰôֵ֤
仰ֻǸӣڵ˴Ȧһ˫ӥĿƫͷŲԶԶ۲ڽγ
̨һӪҵԱСüߵǰ΢Цк⣺л仰ʹ񡣡
ͣ½ŲһӪҵԱСãЦŵ٩񣿳仰𣿡
ӪҵԱСһʱ৵һºˣͷӳƵ˵ûеģڼһγֵԪһʱţһ


17 ɸ絰
仰ͻһֵˣ仰ͱ׵ģû뵽һָ߶˴ϵεУѹ˻˵仰ʹһнпܡ
ӪҵԱСúܿ϶ĵ˵ͷ˵ǵģһγֵԪͣ⡣
ҴӿڴͳٴԪڹ̨ϣԼֻţҪǷݸߵǻ治ˡ
ӪҵԱСúǮֵǰ󲻵Ӿ͸㶨һУӹ̨ȡһƷ΢Цŵݸң
ҽӹƷתҶɻ˻ΣЦ˵ʱˣȥβ͡˵ŴӴҡ߳ţǵɪϺһŵĳ嶯
ҶɱСýﲢɣղһֱڽγӳ׳Ⱥ϶Ÿþɱֽ״ǷֳŲʮ׵Ļ̳ԣ˭ģԲ⡣
Һ񲢲֪׳ǵĴڣƷһҡγ˵ţֱδ깤ĵͣȥԹ㳡ΧĻ൱ϤͣǸβ͵ĺõط
۳߽̳ͣѸٽһɫϵļһͷһ첽˹ȥ
½ĵͣѾɨβ׶Σͻʽʹã˺٣ſһ˺ţżмȥĶһʱڼҲڽȥ˷ǳۣȴҲû˽ȥ¡
һӹȥͣ˳һúɵĴǰ˼ʮ˦ְѰ·һԣһʿ˳š
ϳһе˽¾ͲǻؼˣϹﲻ鷳ǸʶֵתͷһЦָӿڴһ֧Ͱ͵̵ǣ̣ϲ̡
лҶɵлϵıܲȻղͣڿһʾ׵ȫУڻûлǰλϰҲȫµʶһݣһ˵ֳָֹܵĴ󺺴ȫʤ¿˸ﶪⲻǻʲô
ҶɷСϳãͻȻ뵽һ飬ҡ³˵磬ѪһҪעⰲȫ
һ㵣̧һָüģʵѪô֪ģ
Ҷһ˵˵ܲţǰһͷѧֻ࣬ѧ˸Ͱˮ¶һСǺõġ
üͷ˼˼˵лˣһע⡣˵˾˸ƣĿͳʧͽȻתڽγͣŵλÿ첽ȥ
صѾ̫ɽҶҳ߶޸ΣεĻޱȣ˴ͷͰѱελָԭ
ٻڴͷŴΣһ˫۾ĸоǰϦԵĴĳЩ΢ĸı䣬Ҳ˵
Ҷɷ¹ֲ̧һѶͷĺ飬תٻЦЦ˵޺ˣ귿Ǯٸµġ
ٻ¶һĨɫ˵磬м㣬ծǮŪģ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ٻǮǸ׬ģ㷭ͷİƾˣŵǵضзݺͬ
ٻüͷַ˴ͷ壬ǰŵĵض˼Ԫ󳮣Ʊѹһֵֽţͷһ˿ĭ΢ָǵֽŷĬ˰ӹ⾰˫ͽȻһ飬һСֵʮ򰡣磬ⱦô֪
Ҷ̧Ǽ⣬΢Ц˵ǽ·ŽʱһľҳģۼϻгŻŲȹʺˤſͭǮʱΧǽסûаϷĹ¸СãҸɷ˹ȥ
ٻʶˣһЦеĺͬŻԭ˵磬ҲǵϱǣʣµǮȥдòеǮҲһ˵Ǯڼﲻȫ
Ҷתͷһ۴⣬ɫѾڵɶûԣоˣСӦҲˣҪȥҵʳӲУ뵽תͷ˵ٻȥԶٺõģǾȥ·ӡ
ٻҡҡͷȥˣﻹףµĺǾͳԵˣĵرóԡȻǮˣ֪ⶫܳãʡʡǮŽϴó
Ҷһ˼⣬һЦŵУ㣬Լַʳȥȳ۳ԷɸƵһ˸粻ԡ˵̶ֿʼ˵ͣʷ׳ʵһϦ͵


18 
峿շһ˿ǰףҶɾʹСóţѾʰýǮȥҷӣϣԸ
ҶλǰУͷ˵ٻŽֿмУǴǮ˳ȥһȦ˿԰Һʵķӡ׼ŽָӣưɽֲԶԺ̯㡣
ٻתͷһۣЦʵ磬˵ܰҷӵǸŮ˰ɣ
ҶҡͷЦǸӵͷǸĪүӣƾүӵŽָҼⷿӦòѡʱѾѵõľСýһ飬ʱⴧĪ͵Ƭ
ٻϸһĨΣ˵첻˵ĪϻиƯŮôĪϪ
ҶָһѣЦ˵ƯҵٻƯôͱˣǮһȥŽ֣ϣĺ˵β͡
ĨƵģ˵ٻõķ˸ۣǲһĨԲĻȡ
ǰպøпţǮǳ˳Ҷǧ飬ųⷿЩ򵥼ҵ㹻ˣλŽȥ
ҶŽֳĪϰæ⻹һĿأҪȥͷ̯λһȦȡǮؼҰϱ˷ɳᣬͷڱ󵷹ȥ˵ϻ¶š
ͷ̯λϵطһֻɳƿ̯λأͷŰһԣŹˣһ˿Ƶ΢Цȫһ޺ģϸͻᷢϵһϸϸ͸ߣߵһ˴˸ۣסƿֻҪקߴƿʱˤƬֻʱһͷһİϷ
ҶԶԶע⵽̯λصɻƿŻŲϸһƿܿ췢еè壬һ˼ͷγͷ̯λ첽ȥ
ͷƫͷ΢е˫һĨ˷ܵ⣬ο첽ԷòҪֻҪԷδ̯λ·ֵˡ
ٻ״ΪʲôͻȻӿٶȣĪһţ׼ʵĵڣߴͳٻץ֡룬ܵץסԵķ֡
Ҷɵƫͷ첽ǰУ۳ͷ̯λѾףֻҪټӰѾӾͻƿƽУͷ΢̧߱ߡ
ͣҶɽһͻȻηɿ۵ƿڵˤƬͷôҲϲԷͻȻˣƾߣƿˣȴ˵һҲƿӵλãֵɵˣϷ֪ôȥ
Ҷ̧ͷһ۲Զһصƿһϧҡͷ̾˿ϧúõƿӾôˣӦǱ紵İɣ
ٻһЦ˵ҿûȥ˵˻ǡҶɽõľܿ뵽ŷͷǶλͷͻһǿҵУ˾͸ܵѵ
ͷĶԻ͵ĻعһɨϳҶɣжһ˿ԹϵƤС鴤˼¡
͵ʴףϹۣ¶ͷֻϵù
Ҷߵͷ̯λǰͣĵķ̯λĴС˵ĪүˣǮҲ໨ˣ˵һҪлл׼˵ô
ͷҧҧ󷽵˵Уʲô۵ֻһͷӸɱۣ治㻹̯λϼ©
еСס͡©ѡ˵ǸĵǸټٵ׼ȷжϳֵҪḻľ͹㲩רҵ֪ʶԣ©ϲϲӵĹŽ־ͬһ̯λ©¶δš
ҶҲһ˵Ѿ˵ˣҪŻӡ֤һ飬µûԺг˻ʱһֽӴ˻
ˣҶһƶͣһС棬һ⼣߰ߵͭССʱԺޱȵĸֳһС
ͭȦڲտ㵭Ҷָо⼣߲СͨҪһ֤ʵе뷨ҪĵȴǸֵʾ֡
ϵʾҶüͷ΢΢һͷ⣬˼ָ֪ǹʱȥҲȥѵòСܸͭĳϹϵ


19 żҴ
ͷҶƸסͭСﰵ㣬ǰլģѾ˼ǽƷˤƿһܹٴԪСӿһҪƿӵǮһ̻
ҶС˵࣬ʵе˼Ǯ
ͷһеͭһĴ˾ҺòײŴլģղ˵˳ɱۣһǧˡ
Ҷüͷ˵ˣҶٿ飬š
ͷϲȴװһΪѵģ˵С磬ٿѶҪȥռ˸©СǮëëɣҿ֪Ī׬һǮ
Ҷͷһͭ̾˿˵˵Ƿ˼һծĪϸǮպծûȾͽ˼ҿڴϲ̫ˡ˵վ׼뿪ͷıƶСͭٿ²
쿪۵Сˣٿ鶫ߡͷһץСͭվһʹĵݵҶǰȻ۸Щͣٻ׬ͷֵĳƱɲˡ
ҶͳٿݹȥӹСֽͭһԵСãͷһЦ˵Ǯ壬ҰȥĪүӳۡ
ͷаЦһ۰׵ĽƷøĪϳǲҪЦôɵСӸǼ©ˣ浱ŽɸҨˮ©϶ᱻĪϺݺһ١
ϻﰵЦȴ¶羴ı˵ĪүӻĹȦ쵱ܸҶóȥɣҿүɫ󱼽ȥһի
Ҷɵлλիȥͷ˵еĳƱڴԶȥıӰٺٸЦ
һ·ٻڷȥĴеͭСһҲûʲôرƲסеĺתͷʵ磬ΪʲôỨٿС
Ҷ΢΢һЦָоⶫ϶׬ģùеĻ˵м©ֵҲҪʹĪϲס
ٻģͷһϲҲٶʣ˫ְͭС˻С
իǰҶɷǰͣλͣ˸Сγֵټĵڲһ˿ֻ̨ͣмӪҵԱСĲûϵĻҳվװӣűţϿκα飬ȫһļơ
ҶüͷӿڴͳֻƬͨĪϵĵ绰ƵǶԷֻȻػͷ˵Īڵֻ׼Ƴǰ
һɫܳҶХʻһͣիǰźб𣬴ӳһɫװˣָһĵӳԿСիȥ
ԼôʮͣĸߴüĿĿһװϣһǷζн˫ƽ˼ζ
˧ٻ˽סһ䣬СȴҶ˸ƲƲСֹļҵ٣ֱײҪǽϡ
ٻϸһĨЦ˵磬ʵҾû˧귿ӻǮ͸װȥͷһߵġ
ҶЦЦ˵ʵҲõʲôǮҵĪϰϵСͭһ£ҵʵܻǮҲʲôװͷ㶨ⷿһϼѡ
ģٻ˫һʶİСͭ˼֣ԴĸֻÿŻȥ̵ѣǷǳֵڴģϣеСͭüǮ
Ѿիǰȴһװֵǰʾ뺯
˵ɶģû飬𣿡źװĵĽſǡ
װޱ˵Բ𣬽û뺯ĿˡӴҪ
˵һЦǸͲˣȥҸаɣ
װҡҡͷУû뺯ˡӴ
תתָĵӳԿףͻȻ̧ͷɤӴϪӣĪϪ
ĺѺװöĤ飬ֳһĨŭɫӵķԸǰû뺯Ŀ˵⣬ûֹ󺰴УοĻǴС֡
ںװΪ֮ʣ¥ϴ̽һŮͷĪϪһ¥µˣüͷ΢΢һ˼ŴʵŴôˣ


20 㳤
Ŵ˭мŹ˾ϼܲŶĴӣŽԿ׳ĹӸ˵ѧû﷭Сİסϻ͡ȫйأ˭Ҳ֪ڴôġ
ŴٺǮ⣬ģҲ˰ù㷺ġеġġȦﻨǮӵ¶ٲһݣ˹棬Ǯ˲٣û̵յϢիĪүӳһȹͱĶ˸λͷҴصһοƵĺûᡣ
ٰһͱǴĹ߲εƷᣬÿһ춼ίѡһλҵ;ʵصΪзüȫɶ𣬶ƳǮʵ˫գе鲻ܹ⿴档
ŴĪϪðͷ̧ͷ˽Ϫӣл˵鷳һˡ
ĪϪԥ˼룬˵ţ˵̰ͷӴ˻ȥԼ˶ʮ룬ͼſ˳
Ŵ΢ЦӭǰͻȻſ˫һӵƣĪϪϽ˸գȴԶ
磬ղŲлҪ˵𣿾˵ɣĪϪŴͬһȦ飬ƽϵ첢λ˧Ĵٽ͡
Ŵ΢Ц˵Ϫӣ˵ͱիǶȥ۽磬Ҳ֪Ҽͷʮ٣˳Ըλͷ񡣡
ĪϪü΢΢𣬵˵ͱܹҪ죬ǸλؼͷᣬʾƷ軰ᣬһүүҲҲͬ⣬뿴ƷŵȥƵ꣬ʱ취ȥ
Ŵ̲˵ϪӣҲ֪Ƣ˶ſûţȥȿڲ˳˳˵ʱĿͶһԵĺװŴЩȥҲҪիת
ĪϪһЦУԵȣǱ߻иѣҹȥкһ¡
Ŵһ֣˵æҸضñȻᴩ˵˦˦ָĳԿתݣˣٰѳͣ˼ҵſھͲˡ
ñȻ᣿ĪϪ΢΢һ㶣ƫͷŴݣһ̨ᣬ¶һĨЦ첽ߵҶɸǰ󷽵˵ãּˣλǣĿתٻ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
Ҷֹȥգ˵СãҽĪϵģе˼Ұæ
ĪϪһٻеСͭѾµҶɵ΢Ц˵ôԵˣүүæɣ
Ҷɺʵ˵˵һ룬ʵԭĪϰæŽָ䷿ӣ·˸˳үӰæһ¡
ĪϪ΢΢һЦүүæкμͱѣ㲻Ļⷿͼҵǿ԰æʵҵүүҲǷԸȥġ
ҶɵͷǾллˣֻҪ⵽Ӿͺã
ĪϪЦ˵ھͿԣիʦүүİͽܣһ𣬼д۵ʱ򡣡
ϪӣǽȥȲɣȺȥʯԷһˮʮͣƷɣŴ΢Ц˹Ѿҿλͣ˳ӣֻȽȲ˳
ĪϪҲûޣ΢Ц˵ҽȥɣҽ˰ΰȥ¥
Ҷ˵ξͲð϶¥ˣҰСñ¥С
ĪϪ˵ͷת˽իţҶɱСø˶¥Īϻķ䣬ŴȲȵҲ˽
ĪϪЦ˵Եȣҽʦ˳ݺò衣˵ת߳˷ţ˳ְϡ
ֻʣŴŴҲǸвסָָٻеСͭʵе˼øô
ٻûд𻰣ѯʵĿԵĴ磬Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵Сٻλƣһͭ񣬺Ҳˤ
Ŵ̧ҶɼһģЦˬ죬ϲˬ쾢ѣŴҪǿ۾ͽһˡ
ҶɾǰλֱٵǸȤ˶ܽòҲ뵽ִСûùͭСŵŴǰĲ輸ϣЦ˵磬ҽҶɣСٻͭСǲǰӵ̯ԵģԭĪϰæһ£ܹǮá
ŴЦ˲ǿСʦˣð㳤ۡ


21 춦
ŴûдţԴϹССϰٸǮˮ˵ƷʼûͻλЩϹƷѧġ
ͭСϰȦŴ¶һĨʧı飬ҡͷ˵Ʒᳬһǰչ˴򣬾ˣԿ϶һƷĻ˵ǿͭ񣬲֪㻨Ǯģ
ٻֳһĨϲɫ˵˵СֵͭҲ׬ˣҸŻٿ顣
ŴͭСǼڨЦǻ㽻ѧѣⶫҪȥ༸ʮ顣
ҶɲΪȻЦЦ磬ӦòǱϿô򵥣ǵʦ˵ɣ
ʱűƿĪϪһλ೤ӵ˽һ߼ḷ̌屭Ȳ衣
ĪϪѲ̷£΢Ц˵ôҾõˣλիϯʦʦ˵ʱһСֽݵҶУ˵һѵϵ绰Žָд÷Ҹ˵ˣһ׾װҸǣܱˣٰʮÿ£Ƚ⣬иǵ绰̸ȼɣ
Ҷպֽһм˵лˣȼĪϪİЧʿ⣬ĻǾϲٰʮÿµķȫԽܡ
ŴʶʦֱǰͭС˵ܣҿǼƷɺ˵мң˵öԲԣ
ʦͷһЦǲǷƷҪ˵˵СͭúϸСͭ췭תְͣŻأһյһڡ
ŴƺЩˣߴٵܣæźȲ谡㵹˵˵Ǹʲô
ʦһЦ˵ղŶ˵ˣ޻˵ֻܺȲˡ
ŴЦˣܵõʦĿ϶Ǽӵ¶תһְĿתҶɣֵǴϿʧı顣
ҶͭСָڶô˼£ʵʦ˵᲻ƵģһƤܳԵȿأ
ʦüͷֳһ˿֮ɫʵˣҵôڱйеĪϺλǰҲһղԭڸڷȫصĹؼǽ̸û뵽ĪϪôɵ⣬ǲˬҶĵѯһֿЦɡ
Ҷ˸ӣֻһ̣˵û˼ǸоϿô򵥡
Цʦһ˵ˣƾоֻҵһۻŽֵ̯϶ȥٵľǼٵģƤ滹ǼٵģϲҲԵ޼֮§һǮֵ˯С
ʦ䳰ȷеĲãҶͷԸоеͭСһ㣬Լĸо
һԵŴˬˣͻȻһɴԣûˣƾоôˣƾо̭ŴѾǲӵ棬㡣
ͻȻʵȫΪҶɳͷƫƫʦһ䳰ȷܶԺŶǳ̶̲סͷ쭡
ʦŴ˸ͨ죬վתҪ뿪̧Ŷߴһ͵͵磬ܰԿϵС𣿡
Ҷ翴ŴһԿףԿ׻ϵһС۵ⶫھóϣСܰͭ㡣
а͸㶼У͵ǽŴȻһɣǸһĨаа΢ЦִժԿ״ȡСҶϣ˲ʮ롣
ҶɵлССͭһͣһ죬һͭƤӦ£Сķ̶ȳ֮⣬ҿղµзִ磬ܿ˵
ףŸۼŴһСͭпĻ¶һв㣬ģո˫ƤƵġ
һԵĪϪüͷ΢ŴͻȻһѵξأҶɽ赶ͭľٶѡ˾䣬û뵽һһ·΢ת䡣
õҶɰһޱȵĵ˳ŻڱԵ룬бѶͭƤ̶̼ӹ⾰ͭСϵͭƤȥ룬ֻʣ¶͵ײѰĲλƤǡ
һʽСǰһڷĤͼɱ棬ڶһŹģרҵʿѽΨһרҵʿѾ콩ԭأѳһֻס֫ѵĴ󡡣


22 ݹ
вضαƤ棬һּߵڲַƷǲҪ˿Ϸ켫Ϊףһ͵Ǹϼѣַ亱ƶַصľͨ
ʦĪϿ˵ڲַѾԸӵĳ̶ȣŵһ򣬱˵뿪ھôҲˡ
ҶϵĶѾԷŻ࣬Сõ붦׺СϵǣֱǵǰɾһС
ŴȲСϸһ߿ﻹһ̾Ǻöɫ㣬һ֪ͷƷ벻ڹȦС꣬ĴۣЩȦ˴뱲ӵļʦҲ۲룬ԸɷĻ
˵ʱǹĿվһԵʦ򣬴ҪΪǵļһɨء
ĪϪŴһۣԴԭصʦ˸˵ʦȥүү˵ҶСִöˡ
ʦͷһع֪СڸԼ̨ףϽͷӦһת뿪˷䡣
ŴСͭƫͷһ˵ҶɣСϲ׼ͷʮٵĺ񣬴Īүӹʵۣ
ҶԵͭСԭ׼۳ֳۣɵȻ֮ã̵ͷû⣬ϲͺá
Ŵ̧ҶɼһǣЦ˵ˬ죬ֵˣǮ籣֤㡣
ĪϪ豭һڣǸһ˿ϷʵЦ⣬˵磬õû㣬Сļ۸еҪߵö࣬ܶõǵ㻨Ǯǲġ
Ŵϼٶûв빫˾κܶõʽҲƣԺ֣֮Ȼ´࣬ҪչһֵƵĹЩ׽ˡ
Ŵں˵ǮûϵԸҶڸǧ˰Ҳɶ
磡ű˴ƿĪͬλ뷢һ˽
Īһ۾Ϳ˲輸ϵСǰһץϣҲվϸλ˽վĪүԣ˫ȫ۽Сϡ
ǿֵģѵǴ˵е춦һλüĳ˿źͻȻָСģϵС˼¡
Īէ˵ʱľɥƶ֣ڣֱҲû֪ĹȷеַڻĽǰмĹйأӦҲ˵
üһݣ˵ָǵĹ֮ⶽ
Īϵ˵ͷⶽڹһҵңңӵĹѳͭǧƣ˴Ĺᣬƶ춦ҲѳƷ֮С
ͭƤڸסָͭڲַ뵽ⶽһСǣ춦ϵǳֱʡü˽ӻһ϶̶̸̼Ͱͭƶϳš
һֱֳĬĴָСһ̾˿˵СǻĽǰĳΪⶽЧΪֹĹһǹ£ϧˡ
ĪָḧСģϸһĨЦݣĿתɳϵҶ˵û뵽ͱһܼ˵е춦ǶҶС磬֪Ǵģ
ҶվߵĪǰЦ˵˵СͭҸմǸ̯ģ
Ե춦Ҳδ̫ˣüһŵı顣
ĪһĨ⣬ʵҶС磬֪춦ô
ҶҡҡͷʵҶȤ˵׵ģڸֵǮԵĻǮ
Ī˫΢Уѹ˵ۿԣмҪѺԻһʱȥô
Ҷ֪Ī˵ǿ飬ɴ˿ƶ춦۳ļ۸һʮϣ뵽ͷƲסһ󼤶ͷ˵ԣҲãȫףһص
Īϸɿɤӣһ˵춦Ʒ쾫ŵʱˮƽֵڰϣǹƷҲֵܹݹɣ


23 
˵ҶѾ׼Ա춦Ĺһ򰡣ʶİĿͶŴ֪ۺ᲻ùģ
Ŵͷһ¶һĨ˷ܵı飬˵ʲô⣬ҪԵһƷĪүӵĻõһҪϢ춦пǹƷ¶һݵ⣬ǼֵпܷŸͷϱģ¡
Īϲ֪ҶѾҵֳɵָСЦ˵ֻͷӵĹۣϺõ۸һЩڽƵʮ˲һͱᣬвٲ׵ĲؼҲμӣʱΪ˻ƷʱĻϪȥƣ춦μӦÿĳһ㾪ϲļǮ
Ҷ΢Цҡҡͷ˵лˣѾӦ춦ͱ᲻μˡ
ĪһɳϵŴһĵ˵ͷܺãѵڸĽǮǰѡسŵͷӻѡͱỹǿԲμӵģΪıիչ˵ְСҶУ춦ñϾƷĪүӼĳԭûбֳ̫ŨȤ
ǺãһȥƵꡣҶ˵תߵɳ£еСŴǰĲ輸ϣЦ˵磬š
Ŵ΢ЦһҶɼ򣬵ʵֵܣˣҪŵùȸ㿪ֽ֧Ʊ츶
ƽشִŹˣͷܵʽޣ֧ʾ޿ûȥϵҪǮֻҪ˵ĪϹ۵Ǯ⡣
Ҷһ˼⣬ͷû⣬Դҵ绰
ŴҲִӶͳһ֧Ʊһֽ֧ƱݸҶɡ
Ҷɽӹ֧ƱָƲסЩ΢΢̶ʱ䣬ӱʮծЩ޿λðתһʱ侹סˡ
ٻ֧Ʊ̲סͱͱ첲˵磬ʱ䡭ˡղŷһȫ֪룬ļҲò
ҶȻعͳƤľǮװ֧ƱŴЦЦ˵磬һˣ
ŴЦǣֻɣƵһȥƵμͱᣬԼʱ䵽ʱھƵſ档
Ҷɱֻ룬˵ˣǾŵ㣬ڽƵſ档˵ǰСãĪү뿪ի
һ·Ҷɶڽϼ鲻ԽأҪһɶƵģڴﴧֽ֧Ʊܸоǰ׹ûš
ٻͬţֻҪоͣپͻתͷһ۴磬ÿζῴסؿڣʾ޿˲Сѹ
Ҷ߳Ž֣ڽֿͣӿڴͳֻĪϪֽԥ˼ֽϵⷿ绰˹ȥ
绰ͨͲдһŮ˭ĳ˯㷳
Ҷʶ̧ͷ죬̫εһΣϽͷ˵ⶼɶʱˣ磿λı൱ǿʹ뵽һԣȻûڴ׬ǮǾͱڴϡ
ιҹˣ绰ͷŮȻѾͷˣ׼Ҷϵ绰
Ҷ˼˵ĪϪⷿӵģҾŽֿڡ
绰ͷĬ˼룬Ů˵ٶ𣺡ӾŽбݺ·ԷСھ͹𣿡
Ҷɴǵģ׼СһӣʵĻ
Ů˵û⣬ԷСı˺ţ˵¬С㣬ڹɣ
ã͹ҶӦһϵ绰ֻο첽ֶݺ·ȥ
ԷСǱĸߵסլСȫڶӵһ׷סǸС͸ʩһĵطһҾװÿٰˣϳֵ
ҶԷСʹſڵı֪˹棬߽ȥƵСͷҵ˺¥
˺¥һĲʽդſȥи԰ʱǲ̻ļڣ԰ڻ̣ɽȪһ͹ľǧӵ˲Ǯ
Ҷϸƣǰ˺ûﰵƣⷿÿµֻҪٰʮôϪ˵ⷿӻиҲ֪ɶʲ̫̾Ͳˡ뵽ְ塣
ӹȥ֨ѽһ򿪣߳һ˿˯µƯŮˣϴһֻ۵׻ɫӱǱˣǾưϰ壬¬׼ѡ


24 
¬׼ѴͷҶɺϵٻտʼʵһѣתһ룬Ҷھưڿҿң˵Ҳ׬ЩǮûưɺȹһƣ˵ǸжԭӽܱȸǿСӻеľͷľԵģԺҲ¡
Ҷէһ¬׼Сĸνסͻͻ˼£а⣬ôضҲ̫С˰ɣⷿӵǲΧͨţҪܱԺṩٱⷿе䡭
¬׼Ҷһۣ˵ÿ·ٰʮ飬ˮ磬һȽһ⣬ЩϪ˵˰ɣ
Ҷһ˵ףû⣬ĪϪ˵ⷿӻиĻڸô
¬׼ü˵ⷿƽʱ¥һҸסÿҪѷںͻ԰ɨһ飬ǵķҿܻ½ȥҪסҵķҲȥһ̽Լ˵ˣͬĻʹǽȥӡ
Ҷһ˼⣬˵ɨû⣬ʵÿʱɨɾ
㣬ַӸɾС¬׼˦˦ĳת߽˷š
Ҷθ˽ȥſм̨ףֻܱС߽䡣
̤뷿ŵ˲װ޷죬ֲʧɫڵļʲʵľľϰڷźü׳װεߣдʵĶ󵶡Ҳкβնһѳ೤䵶忴һֻɫĴЫӣЩ߸ƽһɱ֮
¬׼ѿ첽ߵҲһŷǰƿţԭǹ˷ûˣиСϴԡͶСǻ԰ǿ𣿡
ҶɱС߽䣬ܱ׼ңҾ߶ȫµģһһӡûסǻ԰갫ʯһ컨ɷĿ
磬пȸٻһָŴ⣬ҶѭָķȥȻֻ̿ȸһ갫ʯ¶ĥӻһһĸ
¬׼Ѻбԣ˵ȸСģɵ԰ڣЩ̿ȸûҰԣֻʣһ˹͵Ưǡ
ҶЦǰ¾õҰҰãҰɶģ̿ȸͷһμζզ˵꣬ͷһʹҲ֪С֡
磬̿ȸƯҲ׼ǡٻԹ˴һ䣬ָͷһƤʱӷתʮȡ
Ҷʹõһæģ֣ôһ˵ּĶûȤЦġ
ٻŷſָͷӿһ˿ھΣ˵磬Բ𡣡
̿ȸצװ΢źŻҪǱҵ˻ܿҵͷϣҼǵǰиҵץһֻ̿ȸ˼顣¬׼赭дһ䣬ִ˯¿ڴͳһ֧ŮʿŵĵϣҲһ³һȦ
Ҷת΢Ц˵ϰֻռɵ¶ǲģˣͰ
¬׼ѳһ̣˵˷ǩͬʱ԰ͬѾ׼ˣûǩˡ˵תߵһľԣӳȡܾⷿͬǰⷿĴ㣬Щ׼ˡ
ҶɱСߵɳ£¬׼߹Ѻͬͬһ֧ɫֱһڲ輸ϡ
Ҷݺͬϸһ飬ͬû⣬ûעɨһںͬ·һ䱸עд֤룬ںͬ·ǩԼ֣Ȼӿڴͳ֤ӡһԣǵһⷿˣ׼Ķ¡
¬׼ùֱͬǩӿڴͳһԿ׺ƿݸҶɣ˵ԿףƿǽСƾ֤ҲڼңԱ㡣
Ҷɵ˵ͷţҲûٶҵֳͣڻ԰ô
ֳ¬׼Ϊͷ΢˼˼˵и⣬Ժĳͣ档
ס¶ϡ棬Ҳ֤Ǿ仰һнпܡ
ллǾˡҶ輸ϵĶٻ뿪˱
Ŀ뿪¬׼еĵ̣輸ϵ֤ӡ֣ϵĹӱͻȻ죬Ѹ̧յǰָнİһСťһͣ٣ԼٰΡ
ӱСϳһӬͷС֣㣬ϾƵãĿϰʹס


25 þ
ﴧž޶ֽ֧ƱҶʧˣڶ˸ذţҺٻҵùظȥֹסϡܸо͡
ûټҵֳһȫװ£С붼飬Ҷ˸ͷ󺹣һȫʪ͸˲ֳ࣬Сһݺ·ȥ
ٻ˫תȦڴԣͷѾð飬ϴһĨЦݣ⼸ɿֵӣΪѣΪһԸѧ
ԴӼʺͰѧ֪Ѿȥ꣬ٻδѧ飬ʱ޿̲ôһطУ԰ʱƸѧϣԽԽãδѧͷΪֻ֪бȳ˸ŬѧϰԼȱݵмֵ
ٻתȦָ粢ţƫͷ˵磬Ȱᵽ·ٰЩ飬еĿγ̶ѾѧˣЩһĽ̿顣
Ҷһͣתͷɴ˫СãŵɫʵɣѸеĿγȫѧˣ
ٻһŵĵ˵ͷţȫѧˣԵĻֱϸȡһ𿼴ѧ
Ҷüͷ֪СôСƷѧżȺҲ֪СüȻ˵ѧ˸еĿγӦһİգѧУû䣬ˣһǴӳһֱеⲻǮܽġ
ٻ¶Ϊѵı飬ֻһʧҧŴ˵磬ΪѾˣʵܸѧҾͺܿˡ
Ҷ߬ųѵһ⣬˵ãӦ㣬ֻҪɼܴﵽˮƽ뾡һа취
ٻ⻰ʱϲüңϵЦݺƴţãٻһ翼ͬһѧ
ҶǿһЦ˵ټӰѾͿ쵽ˣǻҪȥƵꡣ
ٻ˵ҲȥʲôƵ꣬öڼʰȥͺˡ
ҶЦЦУڼˣʲô߸磬ͷ
ٻһ˼˴𰸣ſ˵Բܰȥ֡
ҶЦ֪ˣǹĵĲܰǼܺãϴ˰СʱӲһݣȻٻ˵˸籣֤һ
лл磬ǸϽؼҰɣٻչһЦתȦٶȳǰʻȥ˲䳬ֳͷ
СѾͷ㡣ҶЦһ䣬ֳ˹ȥ
ڼңҷ˳Ҷɽ˰ͷͰмҵ˷䣬˳ϴ˸ˮ軻·ֻˬСüţСڰʩǳλҲѡԭ֮һ
ҶСǰ̨ʿֱƵ꣬һӹ⾰˻·ڳϵҶƫͷ·ȥϵıٿȻ䡣
һĳֿڣֽĿѪָвʮװ׷˹б½󣬺߬ʲô
Ҷɶ˵˲İǺƽϰҡ
Ȼ˲ᣬֿѾľһǰ˼˵ڽֵ룬Ҷĵһ¹˲ö룬ɤһȣͣ
˾ͲһɤһŲɲͣ˳ӣպͣԣҶ̴򿪳һקס򣬵۽ϾһϣȻʮĺӲק˳ڣһ˲ɡ
쿪ȥҽԺҶɹϳţֶ˾һɤӣʿһ˳ȥװѾܵǰץȴ̵ֻЩڵβ
ҶŤͷȥ˫ͫȻһֻͷƤһ飬һװѸٴӵϼһںǷһںǹ
ϳѾɳƵ˵ȥҽԺȥϹǿһҽ˵ʱɼʱǿҵʹࡣ
Ҷҧҧڱմ˵˾磬鷳ȥϹǿ
˾תͷһۺϵң̾˿˵˵ɣ⳵Ƶģ׬ǮҲףټӵǮɣٿô
Ҷüͷͷ˵ȥȥƵ꣬ٿ飬ܿ㡣Ƶĸãȥ鵽Ƶ鷳ܰϰһѼӵǮûν
˾¶һ˿ЦݣˣðɣӼٳʻȥ
ϵҳһڴ۵þպļţ˺СġͻȻûҶתͷһѾ˹ȥһƬĿĵ컺ɢ


26 ͱ
˾˽ֻ˰СʱͰѳ˻ϹǿſڣҶɴӿڴͳٿݸ˾˵˾磬鷳ȵȣҰͽܿ
˾ЦŵͷӦȥɣҾʹţְҵ¡
Ҷɴ򿪳űԲѵ³߳ȥżһ󷢶죬תͷһƺڵʿѾͷȥһڵʿĽʲôְҵȫǹƨñǮ
ڵʿˣҶֻϵù߽˹ǿţС䣬һŲǽڷľʳΣſյİ칫žӲ󴫳ž죬гʶ˶ܲµڽһƹֻ齫
Ҷɿ첽ǰֻһŷĸ׹ӵΧӴ齫˽ͣŤͷ˹
ңһ۾˿˻ԲѵңϵٿȻһ䣬е齫ͳ嵽Ҷԣַ˷ֶ鿴һ˿ڣʵôˣ
Ҷɵ˵ڻ·ڼʱѾˣһҽ
ϵҳ鴤˼£˵Ҿǻҽʲôϵ
Ҷԥһ˵ңղſ׷һǹ
ҽִҶɵĻ֪ˣлл㣬ǰѽ쿴һȫ˽Ҵˣˡ˵תͷ״ӵ˸ɫǰסԲѵңһ齫Ƶǽǣһ۵̨򿪣ֿ첽ߵǽߵһȡҽе
ҶɼҽѾæµˣҲûıҪת뿪ǰŸ߳ŵĵڣľբŻһϡ
еʿĦгǲ٣ҶɽĦгƵ꣬ƵſʱɼŴٴñȻᡱ˦ְԿ׶һԵĲ̡
磡Ҷɻִк첽˹ȥ
ŴҲҶɣ¶һĨЦݣָӿڴǯһ֧Ʊյߴ˿ֻҶߵǰһ˵Ǯ壬ܸܵġ
Ҷɽӹ֧ƱһۣȡǮװ˽ȥѰ˼Ŵȥа֧ƱˣǲǮڹеģICBCб͸оûţ治棬Сĸţ𿻵ڣ̬Ȼ߯Ǯǲҵġ
ŴǮ㶣һѴסЦ˵ˣ˵绹Ҫлл㣬춦ͷƣû뵽ȻĵĿҺüأ˵μͱỹⲹ˸֣ʲô۵ֻܳ£ͷӸ˸ġ
ҵģֲʶͷӡҶ¶һ˿죬ƫͷѯʵŴ٣˵һ룬ѻȥ
ŴٺһЦҸͷ˵춦ӵ̯ģͷӵʱͱʱһҪæƣƺõĶǮ⡣
ҶɿЦ˵ͷҲ̫ƵˣԵ춦ҿɲұ֤ܰԵöҪǿզ죿
ŴϵЦŨˣҶɵļ˵㲻õģҼͷӾǿĺʱ䲻ˣǻǽȥġ˵ҶɼֱƵţʵͷӿزǡһЩ
ͱٿĵصڽƵʮ˲ۻŵʽʼҶɺŴڳٵͣ˽᳡ǰѾϯֻžеλ£ǰڷһ̨ʮߴʾ
ͱһ֣еλðһź޲ͱ̨ÿһƷΰڷ̨һ̶λãɲƷ꾡ܣƷƷࡢʷȣȻʮλؼҸչ֡
ͱ̨ϷͷͬǶסͱ̨ϵĲƷμͱĲؼǿԴǰʾͲƷֻƶתǶȣҲÿһƷÿһƷϺõ֣ԳƵһܡ
ҶɺŴýϳ٣Ѿ˼Ʒֳܣֻ趯һϵĻ־ͿԴʾϵ֮ǰƷֽܺ֡
߶˴ϵΣܰͱţBģЩ³жϪŪġŴ۾ʾ֪̾ЩµӶ붼ĪϪĵģǰϹŶûݴ¾
ףҪμͼƬбעͼ۶ˣѲɴꣿϸĵҶɴӲƷͼƬϷһС⣬ÿһμĲƷϽǶһȦдһ塰ġ֡


27 ʯ
۾ζҶɲֽӴǰۿҵѾȷԼ˫ӵĳδ֪Ҫ˽ҪϳԣֱȫŪΪֹ¾һûᣬִһжǰ״
ŴΪȻЦЦѹ˵ܲμͱĶǻӣѰ˼ó˼ʣµģĳȥѪڣͺá
ʲôлѪҶһŴ˵´ʶô˼
ŴٺЦѪǰóǮǮܼ²ƷЩӶ˾Ϸų϶ʵ̵ۣôȵ̯ϼ©ѡ
Ҷָָǰʾ˵еҲʲôҪֲУ춦ϵһ¾رĸоҲʲôá
Ŵ̧°ü˼Ƭ̣˵û¶ܲ˶ֿʣֵĵĶżӣǵʼ«ư
λŴƽشֵģؼʱֳǻ۳һȣڵõѡ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷĿתͱ̨һλ˶İڽԼĲƷһƴС룬էһۿȥ˾ɵϵ濴ɶر
죬񣬲ƣϡ֥֧㣬һֻҤС룬ƬƾȣϿ㣬ΪԣƷһѵƷ
˹ĽԼĲƷһĨЦݣƷƽ񵽴©֮һһмҲᣬҤһƬҤļֵΪ֮ڣһƷҤƴ䱦
ҶɶԹ̸ϲã˵ʲôоǸ۲۵⺺һļֵֻĸֵ֣ǮףҲʵڡ
㻨ʮӲŽҤС룬зĳ̨´˸˵ʮǰ˹۰˰ˣͱשλЦˡ
赭дĵҤСļֵϵЦŨ˼֣ۼֵ֮ǰչʾĲƷҤС룬ש׳ȥҲؼ˲Сѹ
ŴƲƲ죬˵ϻǳűģװʲôʮϣһƷȥ
ҶҲҤСĹ۾һ̲סʵ磬˵ıʲô
Ŵ΢΢һЦͲ˰ɣ˵˵μͱǰǱ˹εģѾһЩŵģȻϸ׶
ԭͱỹһƣᣬܰͱ̨ĲƷǼֵƵƷͲƷͬʱίϯʮλؼһᰴֵѡһñƺųóֱؼҵõһʷĽ⻹òƷ۴ڻĹ˵һĪҫ
ҶܶͱѾһЦ˵ˣͱҪֵǮֵǮĲ汦ҿ챦ͷҪĪүóĲƷϿ
ҤСֵߣֵǵԲ˲ֹһΣֻҪĪүӰ̨棬бȻʧɫ
Ŵ¶һ˿ı飬ʵô֪ĪүӵĲƷ±ƺţ˵˵үϲʲô
ҶЦЦƫͷյŴٶߵ˵飬Ī˵һı
Ŵ˫һƫͷʵǣô֪Ī飿
Ҷ̧ͷ˵˵ҵѺĪϵģʱǷʮծǮãĪ˵û취ΪۣΪ˰һծѺķӣǩһݵѺͬǮʱӡ
ŴһЦĪƷ治ֵʮ߸Ҳӣ˵öô
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǵģʱĪ˵ֵʮҲͻҲ׼ӣүζ˵ɣ
Ŵ̧һģ˵ˬ죬ȻûˣĪ±ܱǸװʮϻǿ
̨ļƷǹеƷͭ⻹һԪʱڵĽκһ۶λûһ˰ҤСʱȾӵһ
һװͺŴߵͱ̨ԣŵһķд򿪷̨룬̨ߵ˷յߣģչʾһκιҪԶҵһͬһԭʯ˽ʯ


28 汦յ
ݲȫͳƣÿռϵʯʮֽ֮࣬Ƶ飬˼ĵռĽмʮ飬Ȼǧؼǳ֮ΪʯĲٿ顣
ʯ˼ǴϽԵʯͷʯΪһϡȱԴѾܵٲؼҺͶ׷һϡȱʯ۸ʤؽټϲͶ̵ĳʯг۸ҲˮǴߡ
صʯʯеĹ壬˵ʯǿ˶ĿһʯҪµĿ飬ȷα
ȡһʯû˻ỳм٣˹ĵʯúͼֵڳÿһλҲƣٶǮҲһ壬ʯ˵ĵطܴ˽ֻһЧҲʯ۱
иϰߣڽʱϲʱʱͷʣͷĨ͹ˮѾʭȥչĳ̶ȡ
ʯʯիҵأĳҲ֮аʯ۳ϣλٰͱĹ볡ǰᰲһǰμͱĲһ¾
ӣͱˣ˵˵ʯʲôر⡣ίϯһɽӵͷǰĻͲһ䣬¶һĨеı飬̨ϵʯҲȤ
ϵķⶶһЦ˵԰꣬ʯõҲ˵ΰٲǿ壬ʯ֮Ҫֳһλһ£֪λԸ̨أ֡
䣬̨ºðƵľʮֻ֣ЩǶһʯ֮
̧һָţЦе˵λ׳˧С̨
׳СҶɣΪȡһӴĻᣬû뵽ˣԥ룬ͱ̨ȥ
ſ첽Ҷɣﰵ⣬֮ѡλСԭܼ򵥣ΪС۴仹ǴϿؼң׻˵пŵп֣һ̨ܸչʾʯ֮ṩ
Ҷɲ֪Щ첽ߵԣһ̨ϵʯ沼СǳӵԲʯͷҲûʲôر𣬾ɫͨʯͬʺʺƵġ
΢ЦʵλСãʹգ
ҶɰĿʯջأָգãҽҶɡ
Цݿ˵֣һͼסˣʯҲģ˵Եݣϣ鵽һĸоƽʱϲղ͵أ
ҶѹͲǲؼңʲôղˣüͷܹĴҾǸ͵ģһλүӽո֣˳㳤ʶû˵Īϵգ˵ĶǴʵ
ͱͣġ䣬̨һƬЦҶ̨ȷ˵յá
Сʵɴͽܵˡ
ȱľʵˣϲСӡ
ίϯϵĪү̿ƫͷԵļλؼҵ̸ʲô
ͷϲ΢Ц˵ܺãҪ˼룬ֻҵԹʯ
Ҷɵ˵ͷִӽʯֻʯͷЩ׹֣ʯͷͨʯҪ˺ܶࡣ
ЦЦ˫ۣĬʮʵܡ
ҶԱ˫ۣĬһʱͻȻͣԺиֳһʯʯ沢ûйȦƣʯͷ·˲͸ʯһнưĳֻ֮ͬʱоһ룬˳ֱѸ졣
쵽ͷͻȻɢ·ǧ˿ÿһѪĵҶɲԽ˸£Ǹо˱裬ֻΪ֮һˬ
쾧۸ִۣҶɻûӳԱˬлԺͻȻʾһ˫ͷٿȻһ壬ǰһཱུ
ĺҶɸղŵı֣Сḻ沿Ѿͨͷ䵽ÿһ̨ʾϣЦеʵСѣղŵĸо˵
ҶһеʯЦЦ˵о죬ȫ˿˿ģͦ
ž˫һģһĨЦݣˣʯůһѵõ汦
䣬̨ǰһλװ˵˵ůڰǰһ汦ô˹һٴ˵ҿһ̨СյǿҲ˶١
ƺӰޱȵĴڳÿһ˶У̨ϵʱǳɫòϣʯõͬһ̨Сյ


29 ʯ
ȥ͵μͱĲؼǶм֣ǵС˼Ƶģװһ仰ͰʯСյ˵ȺţҲͬǸʱؿǡ
˫ϵķ鴤˼£ܿ¶һЦҶ˵СѣʯŻԭԸرŻݣҪʯۡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷְʯŻؽУת̨ȥͷ˼⣬Ҫ취ʯ»ڴǮҲνҪס͵ļ۸Ѷ֡
Ĳʯˣ֮ʯ͵ý߾ȫĳüǮɽ۸õĻؿҲӷʯѾյ˵ȺţһвɱﵣϣʹյرЧ
ʯů˵յһĳ˳ϣڴˣҾ͸ڳλչʾһ£ǲǼ
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ֳһʱ侲˵Ŀⶼͱ̨ϣ˵ʯǶůΪ棬ټһҹֵȫͬˣû˭˵̨ݵĿյ
žһָ˻᳡ƹ˲΢Ц˵λʱҲˣԹʯ׼ÿξּӼ۲ʮӻԾۡ
ʮ򡣡һ۵ľȻλװˣڼӼ۾ʮݺˬòٶʯȤĲؼ΢΢ݣرںŵҶɣȭͷסûоֽмۡ
װȿڽм۾ʮڸ˴һѶϢʯһֻ۸ڽĵһĸĲؼǶѡ֣ĹѹϷںͷ
ʯһַĳĬУһνм۵˰û˾ֳۡϵЦݺһ㼱˪ƵĽͣ촽ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
װʳָ棬˵ӣþհɡ
һ̨µװˣҧҧ˵÷ٴүӳʮ򣬻ûи߹ʮģ
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˫һѭź۵ɨȥһϤף۵ľȻǸҶɵˡ
ʮ򣬸ղ̨ʯҶٳʮǺηʻûи߹ʮģڶƵ˾˵ʱ̨µķٴڴٴμӼۡ
򣡡ٴޱļʮνмֱӰѼ۸ء
Ҷ˶񣬾ֺİ򡣡ճڣԵŴͱһӣ˵ǣӼҲǵģͷҽֻټһǮиڱţ۸вС
˽ϱ˵ҩ˵ʮ㣬İҶɵֵѣȻҲҪ£ǮСǴ
ٴתͷһۣüͷԭѰ˼һϵ͵ļ۸ʯû뵽ôͷ࣬ڵļ۸ѾԤƣò޼Ӽ۵ıҪ
̨ϵЦúϲ£죬ʯĹʮңڵļ۸Ѿ󳬳ԤƣҪܴ׬ȡһʷĳ͡
İҶٽмİûг۸߹İģİһΡͣ˼ûӦЦĽеİڶΡ
ٴ⣬İʮ򡣡
İٰʮ򣡡Ҷϲʾȴڰģշ˼ȥڴ֧ƱͱסˣŴǮ·ʯҲν
ٴҧҧպ˫ۣҲζ˳ۡ
Ĵ˵İٰʮ򣬿Ҷٶʯ־ڱصðİٰʮһΡİٰʮڶΡϲҶĵʯ


30 Ƽ
һʯͿҶɵĿڴسŵ˸ۣʵʸٰʮ򣬸ĪϪŴȫ㣬һне÷ǳ˳ǮѾһ룬ͱῪʼһͷպ˳緹ʱ䡣
ŴҶھƵ˸£һλ۵ķԱǰһ裬ŴǷǰĲƵҶɸǰЦʵϲʲô㣬Ĳζ
Ҷ׷˷˵ĳʱ߶λһ׷ƵŴǰ̧ͷԷԱʵʲɣ
ԱͷеģҰ
Ҷĵ˵ͷŴ˵磬Ҿ͵ʲҪҲһ̣
Ŵһָòף΢Ц˵УǾʲȵƣҪĻơģ
Ҷ˵ȵơİɣҺȲߡ
Ŵ׽ԵķԱ˵ʲƿɵϡơơ
ŴǾƵĳͣ˵ɵϡľһгģơԭSamuelAdams'Utopiasơ֮һҲơоƾŨߵģڽƵۼ۸ߴһǧ˰ٿÿƿ
λԵȡԱӹת뿪Ŵӿڴͳһ̣һݸҶɡ
Ҷɰ˰ֵҲ顣
Ŵջָ׸϶˶ٵǵţ˵˲̣ϵߣҶӣֵʯóơ
ҶִӿڴͳһеݸŴЦ˵ⶫ϶ůϻܵãǼ۸˵㡣
Ŵ򿪽ȡʯϰ棬Ц˵Сӵ˱˻ԣ϶ô
ҶҡҡͷЦⶫһָоûôҪһ֪ʱϷ¸κˣҲܱⲻҪ鷳
ŴʯֻһĴݵȫԽ˸Ҫſ˵ű˴ƿһ죬תͷȥֻһͷ˴˽
磬Ҳֵһ̫˼ˣ˭ǰһŴ򣬰ĿתһԵҶɡ
Ŵ˿̣ܵʶĺֵܣҶɡ˵ָָԵ˵ǽƵٶһԺԷܴۣǶзƱ
Ҷƣ΢Ц˵翪ЦԺԷֻܱҵ֣ôۣȫⵥ
Ҷָһգ¶һ˿ûڵı飬˵л֪ⵥǾͲʲˡ
ˬ˵ͯʦʲǾƵʳһ´ǳԺʴ͡
Ŵ˸ۣû˵ɣ˵СÿϹСãɶ飬죬Ҳȥ㰡
̾˿磬ͱ𺮲ô¹ͻʮеŮڶҶ룬򲹵Ļɫ²٣û͸ˡ
ŴǸһĨϷʵЦݣ˵װװСӾǸɱŹڣ˵յǳߴĺ⣬Чɣ
Ҷɶ豭һڣﲻЩ棬ǸǳߴĵǸʲô⣿ô淨
¶һĨɫҧԵģ˵¶һѻǰڹվϿмҵСģʲôӼЧ˭˭֪ǰʱСֵĥȽͻǧһϣЩЧ˼춫õֲһƣģǸŴ󾵣»ŲƷ˵顣
ۣҶһڲȫϣǳߴǸɶ⣬̫вˡ
ŴҲˣЦüĵǸŴ󾵣ҪǼĸ΢Сֵܾ͵Ƭ۲ˡ
Ĺĵ˵ԵģոŴ󾵻ҵģǿɵ鳸ùᣬյƤȳһȡ
ŴЦ˵һ˭Ҳ˵˭ܲ鵽Ǽҵĵַ𣿡
һƵҡҡͷ鵽ƨַǼٵģֺڵ궼һʾͻǣҪҳ治ףǧĶϵùˡ
ŴͼЦ˵СɵǮ࣬͵ǻǮӵˡ
һ󷢾Ц˵磬ٷֵˣֵ̭˳ô˵꣬ڴһرֻ
ҽĶժ£ŽڻĳŲɭ֡
ӿڴͳֻһۣϵľ̬ʱ磬ٺЦԼڣ磬Ҷֵܣһݰݣ˵ͨ绰ƨƨߵĳſȥ
ŴתͷıӰɫѵڣ˸ǰѷƱǩˡӦһ죬Ҳ֪û


31 Ž
ǰ뿪һԱŲͳ߽ᣬʲҰĴǾƿ
Ҷһƿתһ飬΢Ц˵ɵϵƿӵر𣬺Ŷơƿ
պıŴ΢ЦŰеʯŻؽУùһƿһζһĨɫͫ˰ӹ⾰ŵ˵˵һɵϻҴģû뵽Ŷ̶ʱ䣬ϵεľƵ궼ˣϧȾƲ٣Ƶȴࡣ
ɵ϶ŴٶԲһƿƣһѪڵĸ裬һο̹ĵ飬Ļ䣬ܶʱоԼȵĲǾƣǶȥµ廳һܡ
Ҷɲ֪ŴеܣƱ˴ˮϵĸĭһڹ˸ɾ˵еϼӾƵζͷС˵㣬ҲƣоƳ˵вĭûһơơ
ŴһĨ仡һھ˵ûҲơƣPalomineѩƣʲôƣҪϲζ
׻˵ǧͷãԼϲͺáҶЦЦ¾ƱץϵĽдڴͷʼеʲ
ʲȻ鴫һ̾ɷڳʦļӹ³һԶʤʰζʳϵҺķƵǵһ̷㣬ɵơƸ˼رζԵ˴񫡣
һʮ֣ҶɺŴǰ˻᳡¾ͼٴŰֲϴһĨԳƵļЦ͵ƤЦⲻЦ
ŴӿڴƬǵһƬԵҶɣѵҶӣϻ϶ǿʯˣԼŰ졣
Ҷɽӹǵ˵ͷףҲ׼ʯǮҲ״˵ԲЩţʶİѿ˼ڣȴеɬ³һԭ˰Ǳֽ
ٴߵҶվѹ˵Ҷ٣ͷӶʯܸȤԸ֪˼ôеҪһȡ֣Եÿޡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵˼Ҳϲʯʱȥ
ٴϵЦȻһĵ˵Ҷ٣תʯԿǮ
Ҷü˵ϻûȣԲóȥҲʲôһݵĶϲԻǮȥգûҪ˷ʱ䡣ܸɴľܾأ֪ٴΪʲôչʯȷһ㣬ʯͷϿô򵥣ʱо
ٴһĨ˲ţ˵˵Ҫ̫壬Ҫ֪ĸѱ괺׬ǮĻ᲻ס
ŴüͷһƫͷҶգһ۾ų˵Ҷӣ˵ֻİܼӣһҵᱻܹ⣬²ҪǸװʮϻզ죿
Ҷҡҡͷʾ²Ŵɫһ۾˵϶Ϊ첻ɵ鳣ƽ޵ľҸоʵһǷȴƫҪĨڵϻϲҪֻһ仰ǰܼӣ㴵ôбѾ˯ҡͶ̥ϸһѡ
˿ûҶɵĺƢٴ䳰ȷĻﴥĳ񾭣ƽʱϰ׷Ź·ִǰҳϻֻĸֶԴݺ
ٴ񱻼ǹƵǵͨ죬촽˼û³ҧһ첽߻ԭλ£ӲСļѿʵòᡣ
ҶɿЦ˵磬Ҳ߯ˣҪǰѷͷôզ죿
ŴЦ˵û¶ݸľ֤ϳϻǿһĽ˵ʱһŶŴߣͲӿﳶβȷˡ
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôתƵǰʾϣͱѾʽʼ̨һ۵ŮˣŮ˶ʮϷµͣԼһߣȱѣ۰ĺĹյ쾡£һžֱһ촹ĲﱧŵĲãһʹŽ
ŽˣһĻ̨˲ѾеĽ㡣
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ŴǹһĨааĻȣ˵Žж˿϶ʲôֵǮˡ


32 
Ůָ̧˿ϵЦݺƳĵİٺϻţСŮ˾ͽ磬ʱ˾ͽҲرիμӱͱᣬĲƷһŽڳλжţԽ˽֮һս
ʲôս
Խ˽սĩܱǼֵǵı
սû뵽رիȥһʱ̨ڲؼ۷׷ףעе˾ͽ绳еĹŽϣرŴٵһ˫۾˾ͽǰעĿǿܵģ޲һ
治è36DƷԷŮǷȱ֪Ѿۣﲻͣ˵㣬ǰмλؼתͷͶĵĿ⡣
ҶĪİӣֻһ̣ʶİһŲŲ߶߶ļһﱣ־롣
̨ϵ˾ͽְ̧˿𣬼˿Ʈµɲһ˲ţҶɿУƮµ˿˲飬˾ͽжһĹӳ
սԽ˽֮һǧ·âнľ
˾ͽֽ֣˵˲Ϊ֮һ䣬۱߽޷ԶĿƾâ·һλ߳Ů
ã֪˭һŻ᳡һҵֻҶ֪кõŴ٣ͷֵҲһԿ϶ΪսȲʣΪ˾ͽǰĴè件
˾ͽսչ̨룬Աڳ˴ǰʾ͵Žȫò˴βμͱƾս±ƺš
λսƷãޱˣִ࣬Ҳ޷һͬıСŮλ̨СϷ֤СŮԲ٣̨֡
˾ͽʯķӣ̨˽һչʾۣһ㣬һһž˴о
ʱȥʮ룬̨½һֱ۸߸߾˾ͽƺûϵ˵Ҫ̨ڲһ֪ôѻ½ˡ
ֵŴиèӴĻץסץס˺ܿ췢ֻһ˳ϷһתһץסҶ
ҶĵһܵŴ߬žǲţʱߴһöŮλֵ̨
ŴƫͷҶЦЦѹ˵ҶӣҲǵһ̨ˣ͵ǰһæôˡ
ҶɿЦ˵磬ҵСõĿܻ˿Ĵ󱦽Ҫֻϸһզ죿
ŴֺٺһЦģԴèģȥ˴󱣽
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ҶϲԸŴֻվ˷ܵŴһͱ̨ȥ
һͻһǸղŴٴ٣λ̨ٴγɹס˵Ŀ⡣
˾ͽ΢ЦŶ˵˵ͷӭλһ룬ŴѾЦİ쵽ǰòָֻգ˭֪ţƤǵģ־ճ߬СһҡΡ
ãҽŴСϲ󱣽ԣĴ󱦽Ŵ߬˾ͽСнҡΣﲻű߼ʵĺߣ˼߬Ҳɿ
˾ͽýնֵֻĳ嶯ĿֻǿסԼƢָ˼Ŵģ˵ȷſҵֺһҪλҶأں̨ʯƵҲҶɵ֣һͰ̧ơ
Ŵûзֵ˼һ˵û¶ҺֵܣҳԵˡ
޳ܵģû޳ܵģֺƤĻɫ˾ͽ糹ˣ̨ͽȻһôЦ̨µǶŴٵĻˣҼġʵġġеġֵͷһؼݵҲһ־硣
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Ŀ飬վۡҶɶԻŲϵʾԺһСУСΧһȦ˸⣬沼ϸ״ƣ˸оֻҪһͻһƬ
սʵһ۶ϵıپһӲײпܻᵱ۶ϡ


33 ͬһ
˾ͽƣδսᱦƺʵĿģһݺرիҵĹ̼ҾһᣬսǴ˴ѹ˳±ƺŵȵʱ۸һڽôҲû뵽̨ص
Ҷȷս˾ͽչ̨ǰ¶һ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
ҶɻعٿһеսַŻչ̨Ѿ֪Žд⣬¶Ҳ˵ǧǰĶܱͦס
˾ͽܿƽļ¶¶һĨЦݣ˵λһСϷϷʼǰҪһЩܳԵСߡ˵̧ǣžž졣
Ӻ̨߳һλ̵ֶŮװż˵ĴƻŮ΢Цߵ˾ͽԣеŴԼﲨ
ŴŮգգ۾ùһƻ׸߽סյҧһڣ˵Сƻζǲһغóԡ
ŴǽƵĳͣŮǾƵͣȻϵλ˧Ŵ٣뷨ڻŬ׶Ρ
˾ͽ类ˣЦ˵ǵߣϷԸ
Ŵ˫һ̰ҧIPAḎĴƻẒ̇Ц˵˵ģϽϷô涼С
˾ͽû뵽һ˵Ȼ˳ҪĿѾˣתһ룬˴þƵһƻԶˡ
ܺãҶ˫ս泯ϡ˾ͽ΢ЦŽƼָչ̨Ҷǰ˫סսƽƣ泯ϡ
˾ͽЦӯӯ˵úܺãƻڽϷʱ˫ͬʱɿƻֱ򽣷档
ŴЦУġ˵ָһƻбߵ˾ͽԣվ˸Ŷǯ쵽ϷƫͷһߵŮˣֻƵĴèİסɽɽٶ࿴۸綼ɡӲˡ
˾ͽ类˻Ŀ⿴һöſڱĳһ֣
˵ͷһûӰ͡ˣƵĲֹ̨µģ̨ϵҲƵһƬŴڳ⣬գգ۾Цʵһô
˾ͽϳҧҧ´бĳڶ֣ģڶֳȻı飬Ǳ˫ҰתƵս˵Ĵƻϡ
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˾ͽ¶һ˿Цݣִһƻ߸ƻڿлһ̻Ͷ򽣷棬һž̨ϣ𣬿Ӹղһ׼ͷǷѡ
˾ͽ粻ŲæߵƻԣͻȻ̧һ̤ˣ̨ϵľ巢һ죬ԭĴƻֳꡣ
ýù򣬺ܺúǿ󡭡һȲʵŴ٣һߴȲһİƣʵ˾ͽʱһãԾһԺأдèѾ˾ͽüĸ˲ƲֱǹȺڵĹͬƸ
˾ͽ¶һֲ׵Ĺ̨̨һ׶ͱ̧˷е㡣
˾ͽȻһЦлҶλλԺΪλһƷҵһС⡣
ҶЦЦеսŻԭŴִ˸ƻ˾ͽ˻Σѹ˵ǵԼȥſڵ㡣
˾ͽ΢΢һЦ˵ãͱɡ˵պսת̨Ѿ꣬µʱλίˡ
ŴٹһЦ̧һסҶɼ̨˸շλһԱƷ
ҶƷ򿪣ȡһνУһȻһʶ̵ʯεʣԼ磬εһۻõֱζȻܹһ㺹ë
ͦϲҶɰѶ̵ջУ˳ַŽƷ
ŴǰƷҶɻЦ˵ϲֻȥͱлţͲȥ󱣽ˣŵҿ㣬ַɡ
ݺ·ԷС˺¥ҶûȤ˵ĵڱַⷿ
ʲôͬӣŴһֱӴλϱ¶һּ˹Ƶı顣


34 ۵
¬׼ѲڸֹȦб˪ͬʱҲǱȦһԱʹºűòȴ˪Ȧ׷ĹӸûͷﶼģŴ֪סַ֮һҶͲַһⷴӦҲ߯ǿ˵㡣
˵Ĵɤųɹ˵ע⣬̨׼һŽ׵Сֽԭأϵı齩ӲޱȣǾĳ鴤˼¾һҲ²Ϊ̨µĹڶŤͷֵĻɫûƨ
ҶɱŴզһ죬ͷĬ˰Ӳ뵽бҪʲôͬӵĴڹá뵽̧ͷ˵磬³ôѹͲ֪ʲôѩĪϪҺСһ䷿ӣʱ㲻ڳô
Ŵ⵵¶ڨЦҶɼ˵ҶӣСҪܰѱŪⱲӾ帣
Ҷϸһ˿ŭݣ˵磬Ҫ˵ҿɾˡ
ŴģǶŭæ˵飬Ц֪ûȤ
ʲôҶüһ䣬ûʣ¬׼ѵ޵Ǽʶ
ŴЦЦ˵ŮĽһǸɶôһ˵ԺԼܡ
ŶҶƶǶĵ˵ͷעתƵǰͱ̨ϡ
̨ϵϴһĨְҵЦݣٴ˵ʮλίһսΪǧеһλһͱᱦƺŻỨ˭أϣչʾıǴһľϲ
ǧҶɳһЩڴ֪ĪүӰ̨ܹ۶٣
չʾĲƷ۲ûгԽսѹƷһδҤϴ־ɽһͱԲŴټԼҶɶ뿪᳡ھƵſڴֱĵ̣ӦСܰؼңҲʧš
ĲܰһԶϵ꣬ҵĲܰƤдȺҧһڣζܿҧڶڣʱܶ˲ŷеĲܰѾ꣬ҵĲܰһر֣ڰ룬˼ܳģʱֻʣ°ڣζȻҲãÿʲܰ¯ӵǰŶӵȺ
Ҷɳ˳ĲܰǰܰĴŶӵѾϽ³˶󣬸վ˲ֶ˺üŶӵģʲܰϾҪ¯
󡪡ͻȻһĦĴ̶죬ҶʶŤͷѭȥ˫ͫȻһһɫٴ·ڹճ̷ͳ߻ζѾʧȥơ
˵Σͷӱܵıܣʧ̳Ŷӵ̰ɢ룬Ҷɰǰףһ죬ﵹصŶһЪ˹ŮСүܣܰ
ҶƵŤͷȥϵıٿȻ䣬ֻб󷽵ĵϵһµŮˣǰվһ˫ǰСкɳ۶ʮףǿ׳˫۸޷ŮˣۿҪһһ
أһ촫ʱ·һ˲ֹ˫۵СкûиܵԤеʹҧ˫ۣһ˫ֳס˳ͷأתȴʼ޷ǰ硣
Ҷ˫ֳסͷһᵽɤۣղи룬һʱѪͳǰֳס˳ӣû뵽⳵ſͷͦʵ󣬳ӾȻϨ˻
Ск߹ȥŮһȳһյҶǰŮкһ˵лл㣬ҺСүлл
ҶֳһڴͷƤڨЦ˵ûɶ⳵ֱײģҲûлˣֻҪû¾ͺá
Скһ˫ںĴ۾´ҶɣĿһתָų˵磬ǳС̫ӡ
Ҷѭָķȥֻǰ·һɫӡһ֪ǸղųֿתʱµģŵһɵĽζ
СкͻȻ뵽ʲôƫͷŮ˵˵÷̣绰ǰɣҪҽ͵͵ܳܰҲᷢ£Բ𣡡
÷̵Ůֱ̧Ĩһᣬ˵Сүⲻ㣬һ˵ĲֵΪҵҪиô±Ӷᰲġ
СкŨü΢΢𣬰¶һĨı飬˵÷̣ʲôүҲûˣԺСֺˡ
ҶǰλʮСкоüĿСкֺͬ亢Ӳһĳ죬ƺɵҲ۵ɵ¶


35 Ÿ
÷̱Сүһ仰ж棬ְڻУ˵С֣Ӧúúøлλ硣
Ск÷ִ̻ӲϽһС׹һҶģһ˵лСҽй֣ܸô
Ҷɿһĵĵ׹һĴָǴЦʵؾӨͨ͸ܴǸǶȿЦЦָоֵ͡
ءһ󼱴ٵľ˼̨Ӷ漲ʻͣԣӳƷľ죬һĿľ첽ߵʻţӳקһӡ
ûɲëӺİֽʲôͲһڴͷϡ
ͷһס죬̧һǣûӿ챻ˣײ˵ɣ޾ֹèݳĻ򡣡
ӱĵһ飬ͷһˣͷüſ֣תͷͬ˵ССȥǱ˽һֳСŹһֻȩ̀ϳ
磬ܰ¯ˡһ۵ҶɰעӴͷת˻СԼգ۾һ˼Сһ˼쳶Ϲϵһ²һ¡
ҶЦЦ˵÷̣ȥܰ˵첽ڣѰ˼Ŵ˲ٰܰЦ𻹸֣ⶫ̫أա
磬㻹ûأֵҶͷҲصĴҽҶɣǴԭصţҶݡ
ʮӺҶ˳һڵĲܰŴ˳ķʱȴֹֺ÷̶ȥһûˣֻܴ򳵻ؼң֪Сһһ֪ЦʱԼҲϣлٻС־ˡ
ٻϣһ۾ķģյϣ·һ㵭ɫߣֵֻ̿ȸǰеĻȥ˿ܷɢע˴ĳŵҪǸŬѧϰ
žણŵҶ˽ٻ̧ͷһĨõЦݣϥƳӭȥ
ҶߵСøǰЦŻ˻еĴϴ˵ճ¯ĲܰȺ
ٻЦ绨ӹӴյǰ˵㣬á
ҶְͬСһЦųķȥоԼ࣬Űʮ·һҲó
ص䣬ٻϴһۣ˵磬ˡķݲܰٺóԵĶԷҲζ
ҶЦЦҾݣʣµǰģû뵽ǼһкһˣһٳԲԷű䣬ٳԡ
ٻһܰҧһСڣЦ˵Ҷ˻б䣬ȵٳζҪܶ࣬磬ҲȶԼ
ǰסﻧʱûù䣬˶ᾡ꣬Ҷ׼տҲᶨȥ˷ѣ˱һʱ䵹Щϰˡ
һҹȥڶҶɾ緹Щ궼緹Ϊľǽʡ֧ϲܰѱ˼򵥵ʳСóԵÿĵʳ˵һĪܡ
һСгһཷ⡢һϲ׷ͼ򵥶ܰ
ٻڷЩƬʵ磬Ҫȥô
Ҷɵͷǵģͱỹʣ죬ҴӦ˴һͱĪ̸̸ү·㣬ûа취ʵѧ顣
ٻּһӳŽһ˷ܵ˵磬μһϿأԤУĪүһܰǡ
Ҷüͷ˵ܰãҲָ̫ˣԼϣôҶ취Ǿ츴ѧ
ٻչһЦ֪ˣб£㡣
ҶСòõЦͷĪоЩģѧСԸܶҲҪɣʵ˸ѧһҪȥȫõҽԺƣСøһγԼԸ
ٻĬϵЦ΢΢ͣŴ˵磬ʱ˵ѧˣȳԷ
Ҷ̧ͷһĨŵЦݣһϵĿӴ˵ٻҲ㸴ѧκȣŸ磬С


36 
ҪţָãҪţ֣СΪ֮ǳɹ֮˵СֺҶɸо죬ŬµĿǰ˵һĭһŶõ죬ȽͱȥĪϣвжҪȥȡ
ٻЦˣЦ紺ţӤ㴿Цģ·ĳħ˿һ۱ᱻȾΪ֮ԡ
ҶϲСõЦ곯ϦദֿȻҪͨҪǿö࣬ӿ˼룬˶ٿ˵ɵЦˣ˶ˡ
ճ緹Ҷʰ꣬洫һһϤӴ˽
Ҷӣο˵飡
Ҷһûϵ궪ȥﷸֹˣò챻Ǹ˾ͽ˸Ӱɣο˵¶ҿɲᡭ˼Ƶķת룬еСôкҴܳ⡣
žͿŴ̨ƨġñȻᡱͣſڣ˽ſ̽ڳͷǵɵģôҲ˵ģǿˣϿ
ҶɹƫͷһŴü˵磬ͳƣ˵ô
ŴƲЦһСӴø翪̰ɣϳȥõط
УҲһظ߼µַǿˡҶЦŵ٩һ䣬˳ģȫһȦǿι̡
ŴϳһۣüָָȫȻȫ˸ʾҶڨЦŽ⿪ûѰȫϳѾһ˳ȥһѿ۽˳ء
ǣָ⴫һݸУҶɸϽ˻һ۷ʳָմһСƬᣬղһץѳٵһ顣
ŴݳļǳҶɿۺðȫѾʻСţЮһХƵ˸ٹ·
Ҷɵһ鵽쭳ȤһıĵɤۣʵһֱӦǺݺһĸоŶԣθˮͣӿԱ۵ȴܾͣ
󡪡һĦĴ̶гͣҶɸ˶۷ԼŴһټ¶ԲλͣʮʶĿܳվһȺŮеɷüԼһɰŮĽοˣһȺ쵵ĻΧ̽𸻹֮衣
ȺŮǷǸ̫ӹ̫Ӹƫ㳵ˣϲúУһŽԿ׳ĶȺ壬кܶ˵ķܶΪ˼̳мҲ޹и˵
Ŵ⿪ȫȳźбһҶɼգһ۾˵ҶӣղŻ̲סˮû뵽СǸ̶Ӳ֡
ҶɿЦ˵磬´δҲĳˣһֱӰҽԺˡ
Ŵ΢΢һЦŪ椶ʱ˷ܣһνп࣬γζα񫣡
Ҷķ˸˵ɣʵ˵İҴɶ˵ȥμͱô
ŴЦЦ֪ˣͱûɶͷЩ⿴⣬Ȱ볡ǰǸϻȥУ¶
磡Ŵ̫Ӹ΢ЦǰкҶбԶˣû˭ȥѯȦǱĬĹ
ŴЦ߳ţ̧һָҶ˵Ǽһ£ֵܣҶɡ
̫Ӹ΢ЦųҶɵͷǴкﰵס򵥵֣ҶɣϿɵֵܡ
òҶɳλ̫ӸһЦֹ̧Уģһֻͷвè
Ŵǰչ۹סҶɼǹһĨааĻȣ˵ȵȣ쵽ˡ
䡪һԶһɫܳҰУһSPyderſᵽµɫ۶Ŀ۵ǸλƤԵŮˣȾɺɫĳԺƮһȼյĻ棬СģһŻΪü𣬼ѩأ౴ǣЦ²ֱ̡ǹŵִڵΪҫĿ
ô˾ͽ磡Ҷһ۾ϳ˳ϵŮˣͱϼ˾ͽ磬һȻͬΨǰǶסĴè䱣ֲ䡣
ŴǵĻȽ䣬˵ʱݾһ˳ܣǧſؼ㣬Ӹ绹±Ǯ
ҶŴٵĻĿٴͶɫܳ˵һֻſڵϵĻҿǴ㡣


37 
ҵĸ͵ԽǮԽ躻ޣˣǵŮ˿ѪҺ฻һ滮õĳУԽдǵǱļįԼСȦӣ԰ҫųܾһļһԴ˱ȦеĽɡ
ͣɫܳ˦һƯĻȺͣŴǰʻһɫĳ̧ժ±ϵīһ۾ȶбǣüŴʵ˵ɣô棿
Ŵ΢΢һЦʳָԼұһǣ˹˵Ҳثô˵㣬ʺϴī
˵ٷϻ泵ҷ㵽ףˣƤҿûй򡣡
ŴϵЦݲ䣬Ŀⲻ˾ͽ磬ӭĿഥƫһֳ࣬һĨ糺졣
磬ҰСӡ
磬к
һҰСӼʶʶķɣ
βƨ
ŴԵ̫ӵƶʱһ׷׹ĶŴٸһ
ԣһƳʲô԰ڵģҲһȥ
ǽһɣ
ԶȱģҲȱְǻģ̫ӹе÷ŵһ˼ѪƵ˷ܡ
ŴӣЦ˵׻˵㣬Ǹ㣬ϳȻҵһ·ûɶ˼Ҫǻģţɣ
ţƺû淨üͷʵ˵ɣô淨Ǿ仰ҷ㵽סûзŴ˵ţڳ̫ӹͣм¶㵵ı顣
Ŵ˸ĴָЦǣţ泵򵥵ģ棬ڳһߣǻඥͷ˭ĳβ˳߾䡣
ţ淨Ŵ״ڼǰλϲ쭳ĸΪͬһֵƯŮԹļ˷ӣ˸һ󱼶ײֱӵһһȱ̵Ůڶ̶̲һʱڹͶһӸůλţĲмʿ˸µɵ鳡
ǰ֮ǲʹѪȵģĿǳѪ¹ʵ̫ӹǴԺͰѡţΪһֽɣ泵ԣԼС棬һСĳ˲мʿܲ㣬
˸ղѾѻ˵ʮ۰ҲϲŮ˸ǰӣԥƬ̹ͷ˵е˼үʹӦһѡ
ڳ̫ӹͷͻһҪ֪ܾһǿҲŴ̨һҪǿײ룬Ŵ˽ĸ׼ǰֹͳֻŶֻ룬ŴٲȰֻд绰ͷһｵһ
ŴǹһĨЦݣ˵ܺãʼǰһţĹأǰѳƽ·ͣ£ȻڳβһߣǹϿյƳóͷײһžžž˭ƨȳߣȻҸ֡
Ŵƶһţ򣬰ΣϵߵϷĳƸĽüֵġñȻᡱײǧĳܾһˣжҲֻŴٻѧԴĥ
ɫ΢䣬ýֺͷҲ֪Լף۽ǵԵŮˣüͷ΢򴽣һܲĵģ°ͷһ̧Ȼ˵үʲô֣ԼȻǴľ͵иͷ˳㣬˳˳ټӰ˰򣬾͵ǲ޳ˣвиʹ컰
ŴȻͷһЦ˵ܹƽǾ˾ͽŮ֤ط翪֧ƱϾ͵
һӳʻȥŴӿڴһ֧Ʊ̯ڳͷд˼ʣ˺һ֧Ʊָһ
ҶɰͲסеĺ棬ʵ磬ֶĳֶǮģΪɶ½µԩң
ŴһЦ˵ͦܵģǵ˾ͽӦ͵¶ô
Ҷɵͷǵã˾ͽ˵㼸ƻʱ˹ڴҩƵ˷ܣƨƨߵˡ
Ŵ˸˵һΪƻô
Ҷ˼üͷ˵ƻǺһƻװɣ
ŴĹ⣬˵˾ͽȥ˽ƵĵϿԭĵͦͶģͻȻ֪Ķðôɵƣ˾ͽӵĿ׷ߣŶмGװʵڿۣϡͿ͸ˣԼɶְҵ֣Լһûɲɣ
Ҷɴǰ˵˶ǺɶǵĻͷ˿˫֣һ˵磬ƳһӮ


38 ţ
ʲôŴ¶һĨŨŨĲ죬Ҷ˵ҶӣСӱѻ˵ˣ͵͵ǼһˣбϷбϼٶݳҪӮףҲûʮİա
Ŵͷ൱磬Ϊܺúһ±Ϸ˹ΣĻ˵֪֪˳ʤҶɴԼƳûף˵СǸֵýĵѡ
ҶһЦ˵ܴǰ¾ũֳˡ
Ŵһԥе֧ƱһҶɻЦ˵У㣬ϳ
Ҷҡҡͷˣһ·ɡ˵֧Ʊ첽ϷͣķȥŴͷתһƯС෭ݡ
Ϸѡһأ˿յ̶˾ͽ粢վڳβ࣬һ˫رƤף΢͹ëϿĳƤƳɵĶ
Ŵͣ£ҿյ̶һ̫ܳӹǶѸתأԶȱڣΨҶڰⲻţ˼ڵϼ˵ʲô
Ŵ򿪳Ųһװ׷ĩϴϷ˻ΣЦ˵ʯۣߣ
ϷνʼĳӵȻϧ˱ү³Ҳֻܻһ̨ˡ
ŴЦǻһ̨³ñڱ֣ҿɲ̨ͬĳӡ˵첽ߵβ˸һָİߣƵϷβһʣĻʯߵ˾ͽԡ
磬СһźܻŮһɫ˹˱㣬촽㣬ֵ֫㡢ٵģ˵ŴΪĳ֮һʢó׼Źȫһ׸ϡ
Ŵһۻе죬Ц˵û⣬Ҫλү˵ϡֹ˸βȥ˵ڶӢĸ
Ϸ¶һĨı飬˵ӲУýɣҶġ
ʱһֻ۵ɵԲָ̧űϷҰ飬˵˭ˣȫҶ棬ߴһԣ
Ϸϵ鴤˼£˵үҪ˭ҲסμӶľֵģɵ˹һߴš
ŵԴʳ״ŭ˻еҪ쭣ʱһִֻ˹һѽץߡ
ʲôȸ綷ţ˵˭ĸǲӡŴеһסǰĻһɤӣһﶼΨ²ҵԺĸвͨ
һŴϵŭݱί۵ͷ˵һԣҶɸպôӺ߹ûһůܱüʱûλƢ
Ŵеݸ˾ͽ磬΢Ц˵˾λ˦ӺһʼУҿ㣬֪мҸ˺ܵصر޻𼦣һرˡ
˾ԣش󣬵ȻҲй⼤ŭϷ˼νΪϣΪ£ҶֵرЧ
Ϸ¶ݣ˵֧Ʊ׼ʼûҶߵ˾ͽǰһ֧ƱĬתߵŴݺ󷽣˫ǰ룬ڳһ׼Ƴļơ
ŴƵ˵ղŲС֣úֵܰæһѣûɣ
˾ͽüͷʵֻ˽ŵģô¶𣿡
ԴеĻﴫŴб쵽˾ͽǰ˵ƣ˵Ļ֣ˣҪҴ
磬ԿʼˡϷǿסͷŭҧŴԻŴѾ©ס
˾ͽֳǰվλõƽϣ̧־죬ظҲ̧֮˼ֳ֣˲һָɽֹӾ
ʼһȣҶɺͱϷֱͬʱ̨ƶºݺײһ𣬷һȻ죬ǰ𣬾Ȼһײ¾ͱΡ
Ҷֱ۾ҧǰƣʱԺֻһͷȫƳһҪѶԷƳߡ
ϷҲûֵúȥһײ˫۷飬̧֮Ŷأҽźסһʯʯͷڵ£ֻ¶棬صĻѡôһĵΣԭΪʤȯգû뵽һͷĴţ


39 ţв
Ҷɵͷۣ˫ƽסβȫԸǰǱĳֲѪܣÿһ̤оǰйǿֻذ벽н
꣡ϷֻźͻȻһգֽŵʯһأ󻬳ߣͷƤһ飬ҧطסôʹû취ȽŲֻܴˡ
ҶӣʹѾװʮſ£ͣŴЦűϷϱƵı飬ֿ˻ϻź
ģɵҰһܳҪҲаbebygobebygo˸߲ҵۻȻbebygoҶɴϣλҹࡣ
һһ㣬Ҷֵ䣡һŴ̫ӼҶʤҲźȲʡ
ڳ̫ӹǶͬһȦˣҵͷ̧ͷ˶߱ϷţϣҶƯƯӮⳡľ֣һСȦӵʤͷҲϧȲʣһʱߺϣ˶ΪҶɸߺ͡
Ϸͷðһ㶹ĺ飬ʵĺ˳ղ£һͻȻһĨâŹ̤أҽȻ̧ܳأżСҶ߳ųڻû˿С
ಣһӱϷżųϢҶɣ̧Ľż⼸˲ء
ۣҶֻȶϴһǿҵĴʹǸоƱǹƵģʹ˳ԴԴϵĴУʹֱ£ֱϵҲΪ֮һй
ҶйͬʱϷһ˫Ƴβһǿĳ˳ųٴݣҶ˴Ƶüߣź˰ߣβҪߡ
ҶӣСôˣĸӳסŴһʱ䷢Ҷɵ״һȣըףԵĽ˸˫
Ҷɴʱʹѵһȼľʣһ޷ľٶͷһںݺҧԼ磬ֱ͵ֱֻƷǰƳ
̨ͷͷܳѱϷӲߴһ죬ˣʧȥƽҶɵϥأֻأԽסβ˾ͽ翴복βϴǳǳİۡ
ˣŴҶɹֻоһ²ذܾ֣ˣҶѾˡ
ת۳ֵ̫죬Ӯұңڳ̫ӹź˲ͣͣмɤֱۡȻﶼһʵˣŴ䶨ˣһؼʱ̵ӵļһϳ
СӣٲֱүᣬԸϷ¶һĨɭЦݣ˼ȣҪ˵ÿһ仰Ϊᷢһ˼顣
ҶɻѾˮ͸סβĻģȻϷų˵ÿһ仰ҧҧ˵ƨһ䣡
Ϸϵ˵Сӣү˵ĺܼ򵥣ֻҪټӰѾֺܻܿȥü
Ҷɲ֪ΪʲôڹؼʱʹͷһȶҲκˣЩڣĻھΣ֪ŴİԼѣȴΡ
Ŵҡͷ̾һ˵Ҷӣɣ㻹ҵĺֵܡ
ֵܣҶͷһκˮüһۿ˫ۣԺлصһ϶Զ̾Ϣֵܣֵô
ϷѾʧȥԣ˫һĨ⣬ͷ˵Сӣҵġ
үҶɱһͽȻ˫ۣ˫Ǳ죬˫ǰһƣŹ˳ȥ
أ̨Ʊ޴ݺݿУͬһٴܳͷȻѣϷֻһ˲ʹ󵯷ɣϴһĨŵı£˺մЩһƬĿİ׻ҡ
Ҷɱ˫ǰſڵϣϵζһʵʵһ۲ݣţԲݣոá
ӮˣҶӮˣһлعľȻǻ椶׸һģظ߶ȳ˰磬һ˻ع
ҶӣŴһһ嵽ҶɸǰһѽתſɣҶմ֧Ĳݸ
óôŴټ˼۾һ̵ܽ⡣
Ҷɽ˽ݣƫͷµһԣЦ˵ܺóԣҪ㳢
һŴЦһ䣬סҶɸ첲վŻûһܻӰƷͶְ˽


40 ϼ
˵ҶɵǻղҶɿµıȫĿк˵ı׼ĶˣͶͱֻǰ࣬ͷϷ
󣡻ҶϴԵһڣٶȿСף⧲һཱུĴѹʹֻʹһϽϵƿ˭֪ƴ˵طֻһ椶紥㵯˫ɵ˶
Ҷ죬ں³㿴һ˴ô˫۾Ż棬ֻҧŴҸû˵ĵطٿ
ﲨص˵ҶС˧磬ûѽ
Ҷɼ˸ļߵŴԣɲԸָҹϹϵ󷱻ƽֲ赭
Ŵһ۾ͿҶɵ˼Цѹ˵˲Խѡ
ҶûȤ˵ҸղƳǻȶĪĳʹڻջǵġ
Ŵ¶һ˿ţ˵ϳȥҽԺ
Ҷҡͷ˵ȥҽԺˣϳȰ¶ꡣ
Ŵ˵ͷҶϳ£ֱߵϷǰǰһ죬ʳָ˹˵Ըķ䣬ɡ
Ϸһ࣬ҧҧִӿڴͳһԿ׶ŴӼڳϣܹܲүܡ
ŴеĳԿף΢Ц˵Сһڿˣиվ
ϷһתߣģһֻܵĹ߳һȣվס
ϷһתͷֻŴЦ˵ллĳ߲͡
ϷҧҧŤͷ첽뿪̫ӹһôЦ
˾ͽǰе֧ƱݸŴЦ㣬òҲȥɣ
ŴǺЦ֮ã֤²ϴ
˾ͽüͷ̧һָ˵ĳܿô
Ŵתͷһݣϵı΢΢һ㵣ءñȻᡱˣǰƱѣ𣬻һѿĴ죬ղŷҶϳʱûϸͲֻоһᣬཱུģС߯ˣѸñȻɿˡ
˾ͽȻһЦҿǶŶԣ׬һǧҪа취ȥƵˡ
Ŵ̧ӣڨЦ˵ҺҶҲҪȥͱԵȻᣬȥһĳȥ˵첽ߵٸǰСֹ˼ϵĳԿ˹ȥһнӹһԿס
һṤŴһڱȰҶɷϳ˾ͽʻ
·Ҷɸоȶʹͣ˵磬ʹ
Ŵתͷһۣ¶һĨɫοֵܣŵ㣬ǰмʰҽԺ쵽ˡ˵ͼӴţӼǰʻȥ
˾ͽûж˵ʲôͻֱܷء
ʰҽԺǱ˽ҽԺϼžҽԺĹɶ˾ͽϢȺŴٷҶֱӽ˼ң״ҽ̸˽ǼƵҽʦʶλٶ
ŴҶ£λҽ˵ֵܣơ
λҽһһǰѯ֢״һλҽȻǰҪҶѿ㣬Ҷɰ־ܾԼְ
˻¶˴˲ŴһҶȶаƴһƬݣÿһݶСָǴѾˣֳ˿˿Ƥ֪֯ҶɸղƳʱźʹࡣ
շʱõİ취ˮݣѾʱڣֻȰЧ˸һҽŴ˵һƷһҽ̰׼ҩ
Ŵüͷ壬˵õҩֵָܾˣȰֹʹ
ҶɵͷϵݣͻȻһ˿ɣִһƤһɫһƬָ׸ǴС
һСƬɫκһСɡָᲦ£ʵؼͣʮ㣬ĳëҶʵ벻ͨôԼȶϵģָоĪ˸Ƭֵйء
Ҷӣõʲô⣿ŴҶָһСС̲סһ䡣
Ҷְ𴧽´Ц˵ûʲôˮմණ䣬Ժгһ˸ݵĺ⣬ںվһֻģһֻվĵףëȴд죬ֵںϡ۶ڱǡ
ˮ֮ϼãҶ˼룬εʾȫ²˼


41 ѧ
Ҷϵ˿أʵҲֻһʱʹСˣͶҽѾɱţȫǳŴٵӣ˿ܹ˰Сʱ
ֹʹҩȥҶѾоʹ뿪ʱŴкҩҩز٣׵ġֹʹġ̵ġġߵġ˿Цõ˳ж˹ɺܼ򵥣רãб޻ûǴɲСҶԿ
޴󰭣ҶɾŴһȥͱԱͱڶ죬˵ҲӦӣϣջ
ϴ˼ңϢ˾ͽһֱƵꡣ
·Ŵһ̬ѳڹƵģ˾ͽ٩ЦеĵҶſڴŸֳϳ⳵ٷǳʺϹ۾
Ŵٸ˾ͽ˼ӣҶɵĹŹ˳֮仰⡣
Ŵ˵Ҷӵֵͦģ˵ѾϨ˻𣬲βŶԣˣ治ô̵˴ҪŲͳ˿𼦣ͦΣյġ
˾ͽü˼룬ʵȷڶţʱ˵ô
Ŵ˵ͷһ˵ȻȷҽʱģţտʼǻռϷ磬ͻȻˣʵһձϵļһﵷм̨ձϵĸûʹ˵߻мʮ˫۾ţ˺Ѳ֣˵ΣҲûаͷ
˾ͽ뵽ʲôִӿڴͳֻŪ˼µݸŴҾ淨ʣֻ˶ţọ̈̄㿴ܴܲҵ˿ɣ
ŴͷһϲЦ˵벻㻹ãߵǱЦЦֽӹ̶ֻ˷ϣʼۿ͵ĵƵϣҵһЩױԵĶ
ƵʰҽԺʮԳԾӵŴݳȻСͷŵͣ˲ŴͽȻֳһĨŭݣָֻĻĻٿȻ
ģȻձϵʹǿŴҧһŭָֻ棬˾ͽҶͬʱָеĻ棬Ϸ̧ԣСӾֲŴĻϿĿѽ̧˵档
ƺãգۡŴһ䣬ٶȰָĻֹĻ˲룬ٴζ˸˫ͷطŹܡ
ϵҶѾ¶ʹı飬ͷطϵıɣȻֱһ˿Ϸ̧Ľżƶûżʧ
ϷΪ˿İ㱻߶ֻط¶࣬Ҷƾżǿ־˵תܾ֣ʵŴٸжһѣֵ϶ˡ
޳ܣ˾ͽüҧһҶ죬ְ̧˰´Ѿȫ˵ľȷǵӦþǴ˿ȡСôԼҪһ֤ˮ֮ϼʲô˼أ
Ŵȡֻݸ˾ͽ磬ѾƵ͵Լֻ棬˵ձϵĻǸӣ˸ˣлһʮֻء
ҶҡҡͷȥˣһС˲£ϢͺãձϵĶһóһ޵ԺҪСĵС
ŴһӦ£һĨ˲ţ˵³ɣ¶Ժ˵
˾ͽζСȡ̽뺯ֱݸˣչһЦһݺرիҵĹ̾һᣬصڿ⣬ϣλʱ͹ϯһᾡ֮úд
Ŵ뺯һЦ˵üˣͳĽһȥ˲μ˳ڿϼ죬ʱҪҵĵŶ
˾ͽЦЦû⣬вʤż֤ʹ죬˵ˣټ˵򿪳ſƵȥŴһݰ
Ҷɿ˿е̽뺯¶һ˿εı飬˵磬⼸Ҫ취ʵСøѧ飬ͲȥˣСȽŲ䣬ڼҲġ
ʲôѧŴһҶɣ˵һ㲻ȥø浥𣿷ģСһ𿪷漸죬зøȫˡ
ҶɿЦŰѧ̽һ飬ʵ취ʵѧؾưɽּտϵǮ׼Сҽõģܶ˽
ŴҶɵĻĬ˼룬ȻͷһЦʲô¶Сò鷳ĪϣͰ㶨СöϸȥõѧһС
ģҶͷһϲֱӴλϱôҲû뵽õ¾ôˡ


42 ȸ
ŴһûٽʣиõŶǰƸоͶΪһ޼ֺĸУÿ˵׼ΪĸУ½һѧ¥Ҳ˸УĳƺţֱС˶㲻ϣ˵󻰣ǽٸҲСһ
ҶϲЦտһѰסŴ˵磬ҪܰҺСʵѧ״磬ллˡ
ŴƲƲתͷСӽ³Ͱˡ
ҶһĽе磬磬ô硣һϲ֪˼
ϣŴʹһƫż˵Сܵôʹ㾢ӾͷϿ
ҶڨЦ˵˼ղһûƺã´һע⡣
Ŵ˸˵иƨ´ΣʶС絹ùһᱻĶϼͷʵţʹ绰㶨ѧ¶治֪ʲôģͷѧԳˣǵĻӶˡ
Ŵһͨ绰ϵ˭֪ûʱּëƤС£˸һУ绰Լ㶨漴ͨУ绰տʼԷЩװʮݺԷ̬˸ʮȴת䣬ʾʱᰲõİ༶ѡھͶڼܰίȡʲôġ
˵ǮܣûǮȴܡŴٵĽκνŶãһ绰˳⣬ҶʱԴСȥһоͶֻҪһŴУ԰һУ̼򵥵š
Ŵϵ绰Це˵㶨ˣڿԴӦȥ˰ɣ
û⣬ҿܻСһȥʱݾС
ö˸ѧ飬ʱҶͷϲ޷޲ܻȥٻϢŴȥ¶ҲûڴӦ
ŴЦŰһӣ³ȡԸѧῪʱǼսƷȽһӡ
Ҷ֪˵սƷӮĳܾһˣǧĺɲתģϽҡͷܾɣǮҿɲҪ
Ŵһ˵ȷͦǮģҪҪǿʲôһĸ㣬ԺʲôѴܲҴţһҪڣѧῪһʵõĺóֵˣҰġ
˵ҶҲƣֻܵͷ˵УҾͶлˡ
飬³ŴЦһ䣬³˲糯Ƶȥ
ͱٽβǾвƷŴ˵ģĲƷһ᳡ʱ̨һΪȸס
˻صλǰʾ˽һϢһ𺺴񣬾ݽǰǰһλأƷ̨һǾƷڴһ˵ϴ۶Ϊ淶Ҳ˼©Ȥ
ȸΪĴ֮һƣ׻ȸ䣬ϳķ֮ȸڻһִҸݣ˵ǻҲ˵ǽ˵ָֻݸŨɫʡ
ͱ̨ȸӥͷβͦᣬһ棬·Ϸˣ߸裬񹤾տһ֪ǳǧǰֱʣΪÿμӼΪʮѾ˾۽׶ΣλؼҶ⣬̧˷ĵ׼Ӳ̧˾Űǧؽһ֮ң
Ҷɷֽм׵ĻǸˣõķٴүӣȸְڳһ־ڱصõļƣ˳߼ۺݺݴһ²û᲻ϴһ
һǧ򣬸ոм۵ŴƨɶûȾ˸߲ҵĺһɤӣλۼҵĲؼҶʱ
олмһ۰ףײͷмܹļֵһ˵ļλи˳ӣº̧ۡײǮൽյв뾺мҲԸԽȥ̧ܣǵҲ侲ԴҶʯԭ򣬷ٴº˽³۹Ʒȴ˸Ӳӣֻη
Ŵپڱ׼ͷǮൽֻһſھͻгһĸ߼̧ۣܴܣŰٴǰ֮˽мͣ
Ŵ֪˼Ұͷأ־ٸ߸ߵ巽ٴ۶΢Цλ˼ôӵֱ¡
ҶƫͷһNɪŴ٣̲סʵ磬ϲô
ŴҡͷһЦϲƨãǮʯ


43 ζϺ
˽мۣȸ׵ϲؼҿʼٴ룬Ҷɴоһ˿ᣬͷã˵׬⡣
һǧһΣһǧڶΡˣϲؼҶۼ죬䴸죬ֻͱ̨һ죬ȸѾŴٵĵʯ
ҳˡٴ䴸ͷٴγ۵ͼھǰתͷһ۸̨Ѿһֻһϧ̾˿ͷȥ
Ŵһֱڰⷽٴı֣ģֿ˻ⶥ˶ԵҶɣ˵Ҷӣκпܼ˸©ϻһƵģ۸ù
ҶɿЦ˵磬ԼĽغбô
ŴٺһЦӿڴ֧Ʊд˺һţͬǰĿ֧Ʊһϣֱͱ̨
ϲؼ̨ϵȸװ֣µĽŴ̾һ˵ˣϲȸףҴ뱲ӣЩ᲻ãƴ֮
Ŵ΢ЦŽӹаϵ֧Ʊϲؼң˽ǮĵڣϲؼҰͷ쵽Ŵٶߺ˵һʲôŴ϶ʱ¶һĨϲɫŽתЦеĻصλ
ҶƲסеĺ棬ʵүӸҧ˵ʲô
ŴǺЦμ񵽱ˣү˵ⶫԡ
ԣҶִŴǰùд򿪣ᰴһǣ˵ȸرӦûиӦŶԣӡ֤һеĲ롣
ŴһЦҪϲֻûȥ棬Ҳմԡ
Ҷû˵ԺѾһɫ⻷ΧƵ񣬿Ȼر𣬵ȴ룬ããȻ𣺡ȸ˱ϼ޵졣
Ҷɴ⵽ʾ˼ȸʲôܿƱϼںͲ̫ˣһܣʾÿ˵һ룬ȥӡ֤°ͺղƵģֹŪķʽҲͦ˵ġ
ϼʲôѵǸбϷļһԣǼһôܸϹϵҶԺвͣ˼ʾԢ⣬Ҳ벻ȻָоϼϷ֮ƺĳϵ
Ŵ񷢴ǰζ£˵ףСӿɵˣ¶һȻıðԭС͵͵ԣֱ̫޳ˡ
Ҷɴӳ˼ѹ̧ȸ񣬸ϽƵŴǰ˵Ǹöֵ
ŴֺǺǵ˵۹ⲻɣȻԵˣͲˣѸѧˣٴСȥʰҽԺȫļ飬пϣ⡣
Ŵƽʱһģ¶һֱ˼ôԼҶһѣѲںֽԣҹҹϸ裬ҪοʱܳߵˣܸεǾֵܡ
ȦӶˣȺ˱Ͽƹ׷ݳ֣ŴǾһȺŲĻããȻҲķ򣬲ڽޣһݶԴҰĻ룬ҲģȱɳҶɸһĸоϿҡʵ塢ֵϧ
ҶɱŴͲһöذըۿ˵磬治֪ôл㡭˵һ룬Ѿӯ
Ŵ̧̧ƤЦ飬үΪС¿ɶӣˮɾ
ҶɸϽͷĨһʪĶˮ̧ͷһ˵챿˵ֻ˵лл㣬硣˵ŴΪСýѧʱֻǸмôļĸжʶһλһˡ
ŴһЦҶӣʵǰһֵܣΧڰһҺܿģ˵ˣ顣ǰĻϵЦȥ
һƴٸһʰֹΪԶټԱĹϵƷȱʵĴһּҾٰۣʮɽ볡ͱ
ҶɺŴĵϲͱ岻󣬾ŴٴϢͱиͷϷһֵǵչƷ֣ҲǸʱĺð취
緹ŴپضƵбһΪӡ˹ݣ˵еΪζϺƲˣζ൱
鴰ڵλ£ζϺƿơƣӰ׷ݡ
ϲ˵ٶȿ˳ޣһڶͮͮСϺһ۾ʳָ󶯡
ҶһֻСϺʼǣհһüͷСϺմβʹյǰţ˵磬Ϻܳԣ


44 ǿ
Ŵһֻ˿ǵСϺҶɵϺӲ˳һʵôϺΪɶܳԣ
Ҷɳ˵Ϻû⣬ͣҲµûϺõˮͣ׳Ƶĵع͡
ʲôعͣŴȥүģĶӣϰ
ŴǸƢӷ쭡Ҷʹ򽻵ˮ͵ļĵãղѾŹζϺȷˮģ׬ǮҪΪӦüơ
ŴһզСϺʳǶʱը˹ˤˤģҲģŶӸŻġҷ׷Ҫϰָ˵
ʲô쵹Ҫĸͷ¶һӵſڴ߽һŨױŮˣŰ˸ü۵ˣмϻͷˮܣһ֪ʲôƲ硣
ʳһƳµʱСˣ˭ҲԸΪһʱ֣֮֮źĸӲ֪¶⣬ŴپǸµģŲӱƵվԣˡ
Ů˾Ӳ˹ݵϰ᰻ģͦţǶɣˮҲǵһα˷֣ٱ˵ͱͷɼڰ·ֻ
᰻˫ֲʳһɨٵСʳ͸һ̵ͷȥ⣬ĿŴʱϵļС鴤˼£Էһ˿Ĳм
ŴƳһ۶ſŮˣҶɵ˸ɫ˵ҶӣҪ㷹ǰ˶ҪǶӲԼСġ
ףҲСġҶɵͷӦһȻ䣬ʱѵϣҪǶó
᰻վ̨ǰķԱƮ˸ɫǷԱĳŴŬŬ죬˼ףµĴͷǸվŲġ
ŴٰһжڣͻȻֶϵĽ賯ſڶȥ۵費ƫ᰻£ˮˮһţͮͮСϺɢһء
عϺ׬Ǯѹ᳤ֻʧĵУСʱ׹ɣͦŵôͲɵأ
ŴٿھһͨΪڴǰ˶
᰻Ц̧߿ճЬϵһֻСϺ˵ܺãϸ԰ʳĴͷҪǲⷹǮ˱ﲻŪѡ
ҲǸɫģŴϵͷܲ³Ǹ˵ʵҲԸŲ֪ǳȸԷ۸԰ʳñӣҪֳҲռ֡
ŴܿԷ˼һЦ̧ſ˼ƫͷһ۶ŮˣһϷʵ˵ع㻹ˣ쵹Ҫһô
᰻Ѿ˼ޣ˫һָŴǼúýѵ԰ʳģ
һֻ֡ɤۣŴֳԿһϲ˦˹ȥһ᰻ͷϿ˻ڵĲˮϡﻩͷģûһݡ
᰻˶ǽϻӣеļһųŴ٣ǰֵ׳ڼѾ嵽ǰˮͷ˹
Ŵüͷһб벽˷ֻȭͷֵ䣬˭֪ȭͷ϶Էƿ죬һףߴʹУеˮܶأĺˡ
ಡƿ죬ǰĻһ໹ֽУеļһһأмûļʱɲͣ˽Ųһּ˹ƵŴ
Ϲ۴ӵùԹԴţҶӶúܡһϤŴվתͷȥҶɲ֪ʱվ˷ϣһľ辵ֱƤ׼ſڡ
ҶгһǿʮָĴģϸٶȿþˣһ浯רҵ
Ŵ˿ĭҶ˵ҶӣСز¶ķǰ˶
ಣһŸǰſٴһʹУһǰĻűӶȥָѪʹڵϣֻСϺƨɡ
ҶƤһһ˲ָֻ׼ƣ˵ӣֻǰ壬ǽſ컹ҵĸ졣
ͷĻǶʱɵۣ˭ҲóȻǰ壬ƤѪС̫ˣҪ汻Ⱳˣ߿שĻǽʶһɱǿޱȵӦ˸ĵ


45 ¹
ɣ˼ĴʶǾ䣬Ҷһ鷢ĵȫ˼Ľ򵯹һְãľĥģƤǴĽף˫ƤЬʮƤӵԲСʯӣ浯ʱȤ
ҶǸ˼ˣʮһգÿ켸ٿСʯӴȥ׼ʮڵ«έһѵͨҸĻϵһ˫ܹ򡭡ʮСĵС֪棬Ұɽõ˽컹ͷһء
ҶɵŴǰ˶еСʧĻǾϲĴľ᰻ааһЦתִ㶵źӤǰ˹ȥ
᰻ûֱ̥ˮ޹ַŵ˸СĻӹ˳ȥ
վڷϵҶɿߣüͷûза⣬ЩӶǲΪŮ˳ˣȫ߹˸á
Ŵߵԣ̧ͷҶ˵Ҷӣù򰡣ŮһŸ飬øƵģŲˬ
Ҷҡҡͷѹ˵ǰ˵˴Ů˲㱾£ܣŮҪϧŻţҲŮˡ
ȻˣĴ̻峤ҶУеĵʱӡ̣Ҳ
ŴۣŲ˵˵ûҲȫԣŮвĵˣһĴҪԴġ
ҶüͷĬϣûôһ죬ǲأ
ÿŷͻȻһ󺰣Ӹһľ強˽ľ嵲סӣٳ˹ԭĻǶʱץϵͷˮèǰ壬Ͼӵ͸ޣֻҪ嵽ǰܺݺ֪ߵغСӣѸղֻܵ
Ҷɫ΢΢һָ̻Ƥָ˲ɿէͬʱһľ壬ָ໽ʹ
ľܵס鲻ǻǵ͹Ҷɵ׼ͷ׼ȷĻǿסľصָʮָģʹǳܵġ
ಡһеľأıѪɱĲҽٴܹ˸˲գҲǰˣɴܳ⣬һ·Ѫ㡣
ܰѵˣ
ģúá
Ҳȥ
֣ͽŮ𣿡
ʳĿ似һĻеļɵѾɢĻһԳҶҶԼͬ˰ƣеǻʲôµģ
ҶԱվղŵûȷ֮ǰҲɾġ
ŴתͷһſڣЦŴȤ֣վϰPOSˣ񶼷ˣһֻؿζ仹ǲ䣿һ˫أǵ٩ζ
Ҷһ죬ߵŴǰ˵磬ǻ߰ɣطȥ
ŴЦһָſ˵ʱ߲ˣϷŸտʼҶͷһѭָķȥֻƷľ˽Ϊ׵һŽǵ꾯죬⣬ͷЩͺͷ͹ⷢƵġ
ͺŷߵ᰻ǰ̧˫°˵ϰɣղŽӵȺھٱ˵˴ܶŹû£
᰻æָŶ˵԰ʳǮҵõĵعͣǸõСӸղŴ˺üˡ
ͺһ۶ҶɣĿ۽еľ辵ϣͻȻ۴˵ΰ˵ļһϴȥñӶץˣλٰҲ˴᰻ЦһѵϾܿè塣
²ؼ߹ٹٳƨղŻİƺȲʵʳ־ͷ鵭ˣˣ̫̫û˷ˣѪҲһ㱡ڳʳ֪è嵫ûԸǻֳĬõѡ
ΩǴӣͳ첽ˣҶɴû飬ƲסһңƫͷһԵŴеֻƤҲ̧һ̧
һߵҶɸǰֶ߬ŵĵһĺȵʵ㣬˺һġûһ̶ֻתͷһȥͺڴֻˣ˶׼ӴҶ


46 Ϊ
žӿӵľŴһѿסͷһ״̳ǰûκζһֻǯĴסĲӣ˲䱻ƵģҲ
嶯Ǹͺ绰ôŴЦе죬ֳû˿ʲôʱֻŻ˿ڴ
һסӷۣһס˵ϮҪεģϰǷſ
ŴЦøˣϮǰƤǲǿԾĳˣ
סľһʱ벻ôش𣬴ƷҲͷˣŵĲ٣ûųġ
ͺ챣վſڽ绰Ϻһ˳ʣƬϽɳκڴ绰Ƕͷ˾йֳŴ꣬ŷַӿ԰ƤŭֻܱĬĬкᰡ
ǣϰ죬һκСӦֻڴֺ̧ݺݵԵ᰻һۣһСŴԣѹ˵٣л˵ȰǷſô
Ŵһκַſ죬ƫͷ˵Ҷӣĵû浯ֲ
ҶִӾùд綵ֻվһԿ־ͺá
κһֺõЦʵ٣¸ô
Ŵ̧һָſڵ᰻˵õع˲㣬ﻹһӹˣ¹ҿҲɣȥѵϵСϺˣٺһعڣ»أֻҾ˾ʲ¡
κ֪Ŵٵľ˾˲Ǳˣо־ֳŴ꣬Ҫֳֵ˳ⶥñǱסˡ뵽˵ֳصԱ뿪ע̬ȡ
춼κİףԸж߳һţҪͲ˿ҽҪԵعͻ᲻ӡ
ΪѣκһΣȴп࣬᰻ùڵҲֻһһϣҪΪС³鷳źá
᰻۲ʶ̩ɽԣϺҳԣԷû򵥵һⵥ˵Ŀȥ̨Ǯһֲ٣Ϊ˸ҵǸÿⲹٿ飬ҵ̨ǮһҪϺ
᰻һ˵óϿУ˵껹˾Ķʳ;˿ɾضִӵһֻСϺյǾͿС
԰ʳٿǮãֺͨǿģǳ˵عҲòôҪˡʳ̵̨ǰŶǮ᰻ĬĬļϵСϺԼٶȿţͷβȫԽ
κһתͷһĶŴ˵٣һرЩ˵Ļӣұ֤һܲ
Ŵ֪᰻õΪĲԣ˼ҶϷݵ׷ʹԵЩˣİ˰ֵ¶ôˣ»ٷõعͳ˹Ҳÿˡ
κæͷٷģһԼල֤ӽԺҲᷢƵ顣
Ŵֻɫ̧۹סҶɼһ뿪ǮʳֺǺǵ½뿪᰻˦³ʣİϺվͷ˼ں޺޵˵ǧС飬ˡ
κ첽ߵǰ˵ղúܺãȰŴ鷳˼ҵıǵģʱûţһɧԺֵع֮СǮ׬Ҳûνǻд
᰻ϵķⶶ˵֪ŵĶˣǸҶӵСһŹ
κüͷҸ㽲˶ٴξǲףƣȹЩҰͨ˴ѵĳƱ׬̵һʱ֮ð֣֮ô򵥵ĵôǲס
᰻κŭϻһЦ§ס첲ظϲѹ˼£˵磬ҲײǻôϵطʱúøһΡ
κеĻѹתӣٺЦ˵õϣھ͸һĽΣ˹ţ϶¥Ͽȥ
᰻һЦתͷ̨ԵķԱ˵ϵţλ׼һ̣ǳԵ˵§κ첲һ˰࿿ų¥ȥһ·ĥ˲ֱӡ


47 ݺ
˹һڣŴҶֻص˽Ƶ꣬˸һʲ;ôԸȥٽͱ᳡ʱλԶ˸ˣĪϪ
ŴЦе߹ȥ£кϪӣô
ĪϪϰִкʽҡͷһЦǣҶɵġ
Ŵ¶һĨʧı飬˸λվһԵҶֵҶӣϪӿˣǿԵǿʲô⡣˵ͷϱ۾ڳһŲʵļƣֻ΢΢
Ҷֳһ˿죬Ųλ£ʵ𣿡
ĪϪЦЦû¾Ͳôⷿô
Ҷɺʵĵ˵ͷ⣬ҺСѾȥסˣлл㡣
ĪϪ΢Цͺãıի̨ۣпһ±ƺţӦòɣ
Ҷҡҡͷ⣬ȻҰĪϣû֮ǰʹȨģʵһ뿴Ƕܹ۶٣˵ԺȥҲиס
ĪϪ¶һĨЦѾõҪĴ𰸣˸뿪ҶɺŴμıĻƻᣬΪƻϣӰ£ڴӦ
ĪϪԶŴƫͷ˼۾˵Ϫ̫ˣҪ˵һ䲻ͬǼիչһ飬С̫ˣϪӾҪ⣬ܹݶô
סҶæֵҸֻͨѣѶ㲻ϣЩ澭˰ɣ
ŴӣཱུͦģϪ˴Ƣֺã͸࣬椲ݣԴպģСȱ۰
Ҷɷ˸ۣԲעתƵͱ̨ϣڴǼֵǵıϳ
̨չʾһƴŰשںһשм仹иȥҤʧܵĲƫƫиޱ֣˵ƴһλĹϲͷһīɣʹԣǿĳ湦Ч
Ŵ̨ϲؼҡͷԵĽŹã¶һ˿׽Цݣ˵֪ϸɶʱǲƨɵģںϸںǶ׷ƫһͱضզأ뵽̲סٺЦ
Ҷͷˮ˼ȥҲ֪ʲôкںϸںҡҡͷûг
ò˿ȴһ䣬ﻹһİ£˵ڲһܣһƴ͢ڵȷѪ꣬˵Ұʷ޴ӿ֤ȷʵΪͱⲻ٣ͬʱҲ˱ǿľߡ
̨ϵĲؼǸʮͷˣʿڲżѣӹĳ˵Ұʷͨٴټҽ̳Ľʦ޼ζ
ҽΪչʾһҳΪͼ᳡Աϴơ
ડ᳡д˲Ϩͱ̨һǿ⣬һǿֵͲؼҰѹǿͲ̨µĲؼǶʱһƬ֮̾
Ҷɿǿӳ¹ӨӨһƬһ·Ϊ̫Զ޷ȫòֻܰĿתǰĻ
Ļֳȫò޽ۣƣȻһֵ·ˮƣΪ˼
аͼǴ˵ҰʷδصһҲԭޱȵڲؼеļֵʼαҶ϶Ǳ
ž̨ϵؼҹ˵Ͳ᳡еƹٴ𣬹ָֻ֮ǰںģ֮ѾڳÿһԺС
žžž֪˭һƣᴫȾƵ̼һƬþòϢ
Ĺ۷⣬ίǼʮӣһ۸ڰǧֱֻǸףֵԹϾģпܼ۸һŵĸ߶ȡеǣƽм޼ۣο
ؼĴŹ̨̨߽ļƷȫģƷĲؼҲԵҲѹֻ֣ש񣬸տͷͰˣıΪ˰ש
ŴĶĻҶɣЦ˵ҶӣǼܰݺȥ𣿡
ݺҶһ㵣ɴ۾Ŵ٣׺úõĹզͳô
ŴһЦЦ˹Ľ͵ʵ۸ҪݺڰɣҪưɣͷƨǱȻģͽݺˡ


48 ɻ
ŴپһԣѲ³ԴﵽװЩʲô˼⣬úõĹбһ㵴ĺ壬˺ʵƤ¶ʵĶҶԭЩŵɿ࣬ܲܶȡںϵûҪš
ƣϪ̨ˡŴһ˰ƣȫһҹƣ˷׷ײĿģƺҲͣˡ
ĪϪһۣһ̨̿ڷһֻ֬ɵķСУװҺĸ߽ˮ˳Ưе棬˳˵ߡ
̷ͱ̨ĪϪָУֳһӡ
̨µĲؼвѾüͷիΪ˴ͱĶչʾĲƷԭôҼģ˹ǰӾԵЩͨˣ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ĪϪӯӯһЦ»ԣ֪ɥҺ󣬸һ顣
׵ʫ䣬ٻ鶫ݺȣأ£̨ҲƷֵη·ѾҪһĿױһܡ
ĪϪһ٣ֵƷ߽ΪӣΪˣǫǫͣƷλӣ˭ܽ⡮͡һʵĹôҾֽ𣬽ȷ̨Сһ
ֵĲ࣬Ѿ²µ˺װʲôϵ¶һ˿ŵı顣
ĪϪЦָ̨£뺲÷ٴү̨Ϊҽ󡣡֪Ļ⣬ѡͷΪչ
ŴһƵķ֣ղֱ˭ߣĪϪȴƫƫѡ˷ͷµûš
Ϫ治˼ѡˣΪëѡǸշ񣿡
Ҷɳգգ۾Ƥʵ͵˼ô
Ŵͷ˵Ȼ⣬㣬ͺϺ£ҲĺʿòãСһ
ҶЦ꣬ҿݹ궼磬˼˵ǹ⣬Ϻ˳Ϲϵ
⣿Ŵһ£ָ̨ϵķٴ˵ͷһܽ
̨ϵķٴָƵ˵һԴͬ赣˶ֵǣݴ赺Ϊػãʹֽ顢顢֪٣ͷӲµų̂ӦþǴ֮һ˰ɣ
ĪϪͷһЦүӹȻͨµһ㲻̨žĴ֮һ顣ִ̨϶һֻˮݵٴǰүӽڣСһ
ٴһЦ˹Ʊһ˼þơ¿ձ̨ȥҲˮ嵭˲١
Ǵʱڼֵǵǹܱȵģټϳʱիͷʤһչʾ֮챦ƺѾ
ĪϪ̧˫һǣž᳡ĵƹȫϨ̨һŰ׹ѸչֻѾסͱ̨˵
ĪϪһϵľٶָ黺ʣµˮֻöһ죬ӱ˾С
հǶûҹ飡ĪϪһȽȽһ͵İ׹⣬ˮϷ紦ͣɢһСС¡
緽ٴ˵ֽ飬֪лһۼ澰
žһƴ죬ƹ⸴̨̨ȻһƬžֱĪϪӱȡŻе˲籩й
ñƺʵ飬ڳвؼ͵С
˼ʧȻҲΪѣ͵챦Ĳؼңʧʹʧƺŵ˶Ϊѵ̨ϵίǣۿѻǣ޼֮Ҫۣеù˼
һӹ⾰ѲĹվһʮڣںʮȫʮԢ⣬۸ֻǸε֣ο
ʮڣֱ˲̨´һ죬ͨҶ˲һ˵ϣ׿ڵҲоʹԺкмֻС۷˵Ű衣
˵ƸⶫŮˣƴ׷ȴԽԽԶ㲻ͣ½ŲѾת˽㻳
Ҷھͱͻľ޶Ƹ˵ˣһʮ˿ëӾȻʮڹֱۣƵģû׬Ǯôס
һֻ쵽ǰгŴЦ̣
Ҷɻᣬѣ


49 һ
ĵͷԣҶ˼ڴӾ޴ϲ˹һµ𣬹ؾŴԣͨһ飬ʱȥ飬ܵǮӻһ
Ŵø첲⹰һҶɣЦʵͨˣ׼ɶʱѼֵʮڵı
ҶҡҡͷһɣĪϱܱȽϺãϾǸɽ󣬵ͷԼܡ
Ŵ˵ʮڲǸСĿÿ·йϢԶֹʮã
ҶɵһЦǰ˵ûдԴñ۾ͻˤӣȡñڡ˵һñǿȥˤͷѪſӷ̹ҿ׬ǮԼ
Ŵ˸Ĵָһ˵˵ĶǵڣãģǮû١
Ҷ˸Ц˵ҲټٵǮˣԤУԺ׬Ǯ࣬˵ʮ˦ȥСˡ
Ŵ̧һǣЦܼӣСѱ˱˲磬ʮСѸԴȹ㿴
˵ĴȤЦȴ֪ԺҶһʼֵʮڵС˦һŮ˶Ƥϡ
ͱŴ׼ֳŵҶȥ󱣽СĥӲݻ˸ض͵һҲгСҶӶԽгڶһȦʳġ
Ҷ׼ͻؾưɽְտ̯ЩʳĶǴģʱˣֻʳĲŸ׬ͷÿγ̯ǰﶼеС˷ܣͨԼ˫׬Ǯõġ
ŴһҶɰѹҵϴŽڣʵҶӣ׼أ
Ҷ΢Цû⣬ȥ³СˣЩʳĴ׼̯õģüû̯ˣЩһȼˡ
̯զŽҪ˼ŴΪʲôҶҪ̯׬ǮС˵Ҳʣ°ЩǮںܳһ̹ˡ
ҶЦڻаûЩǮСβģ˵ѧʵÿѧҲһʲСĿнһӣⷿٺչǱ˵ģ׬һЩһЩͦϲտ̯ģӹ̤ʵ
ŴƶǶЦЦ羳û˰ɣ죬ؼҡ
Ҷϳۺðȫһ䣺㿪ҿɲһءӦһ粶ԵѸ˳ȥ
صʱҶɸо˫ȷһŴٵĳͬԿԼ٣ԺĳǵŮ˵ʱ򣬻ɶɻԾĴŮ
ٻϴ¶ʽ΢ЦǰæǰһʳģϴϴекãƵƣֵϷűʰ룬æѾ̫ɽʱ
ҶٶΪСŪ˷ˣʰֱֳưɽ֣׻˵мҲᣬ籡տ˵ޣȴһ˼ӪɣеۣܿģԺտˣҲҪѧһʳļܲС
ưɽڻδӪҵʱ䣬Ҷɰѳͣãֽİ˿̯̿𣬴ٰһЩƹʳڻϳæǻܽʡʱ䡣
ðСҶʲôʱҲѧ͵ˣ⼸ĶȥˣһϤӾưɴƮʫ첽˳޵ϴһ˿ɫ·߸Ьĵõ졣
Ҷ¶һǸЦݣ͵ʫ㣬⼸С⣬Ѿˣӽһлָ
ʫһϸָɿͷϰһǣЦСҶӣһѰ˼òǸС˽˰ɣѾͷҲкüûˣһͬһʧ
СҶüͷ˵ҾͲˣǰҵΪСβǷһծǰ취ϣһ׮¡
ʫ˽²ģڵĵС˵죬ҲûϢ⼸ưֲ㣬æҶ뵽ܸɵС
Ҷӣ㲻⼸Ƕȥ˸տ̯򿾴ζԱ㿾ĲԶˣȴ֮ǵĿҲࡣʫԵһ¿ˮмû˵⼸ʦڵһȡ֮ǵ¾ƣͿԳʱҶɵ϶Ӱ졣
ҶĿԶžưɴţ˵ʫ㣬һȥѧ飬һ˳ԺܿܺʱˣôһҾҪ뿪һưɺһ
ʫ⻰ͷĪһ˵ôһ죬ȸһݡ


50 Σ
ʫ鲻ѣҶ˼תؾưɣҹĻưɵĿҲǼտ̯ؿ׷ǰСҶæ˸תСʱϾ
Ҷɴֳȡһƾˮҿǹ˼ڣֱ̧Ĩһ죬һǮڵĳƱ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ǯڶ٣ҪͶãѹڼͷծ׬ÿһǮģˮܼرʲôأ
ԶһλŮųصĲӻټСǰһشʣǹġ
ҶԶԶͿСϽеˮ첽ӭȥߵǰʱȴһ㲲ż첻ÿʵС˫񣬸ǰˡ
СôˣҶеһ䣬ȴ׵˫ӯӯ⡣
С̧ͷҶһۣͽȻ˽
Ҷɴụֱ̂ͦ彩Ӳվԭأֲֻ֪ĶţֻܾٵͷģѾǸͶơ
С޵ϡﻩˮҶؿȾʪһƬż·˶ùһԶʱű߼ʵ
·˼ףСӸòǸСӲԸ⸺ɣ˼С޵öġ
·ң˳ǣڵ˰һ掠ɨС
·˱ڰԩ̸øҰ
·˶ѾҲڣҲϡԼԣҪҲҪøġ

Ҷɶ·˲ű߼ʵЩƣСͰ͵ģǲ̣׻˵˲᲻⼸һʲôĵ¶
뵽ҶĻοޣʲô˵˵ܣ˵Щʲôܰﵽֻܿڡ
Ҷɰο˻е㾭飬ǵǰ뿪ǻСþޣҹ˯جпѣÿζ԰οһСʰСʱСҲֻ࣬ҪȰ˵Ҳ
֪ǿ˻ҶɵİοСȻֹס˿鴤˼̧ͷ˵ԲҿƲסԼʲôҴ깤˵ɣ˵ĨĨϵˮ첽ưȥһŰֽƬڴﻬڵϡ
ҶɿС˶ſʱѾ߽ưɴţԥһǰֽƬѰ˼ֻе³ԭ
ֽƬɨһۣҶϵı΢΢һ䣬ȻһŲΣ֪ͨ飬дҽԺơԱ𡢴λסַٴϵϢ߼ǩһȻдС֣뻼߹ϵΪŮ
ŲΣ֪ͨҶɶʱ˹Сĸ׻˼˥ߣѾΣѹʹޣһûдĸ׵֣ԭ
Ҷ̾˿ѲΣ֪ͨŽڴųصĲߵտ̯ԣһ۾Ǯ䣬Ժиֳ˼ǰСԼһǮһĻ
ãСӾưſ˳߬һ΢ĵţƤŷ⣬ͷߵտ̯ǰ̧ͷŷҶѾֳ
Ҷַסѣ˵ˣ㡣
ţСͷӦһֿ̧ȥҶųӼ˸磬ĥŸôڣѲɾѲΣ֪ͨ黹˼ô
˽ֿߵĹվСͣ˽Ų˵ˣҲؼңȳ
ҶڹӿڴͳΣ֪ͨ˹ȥղʲôҪæֻܿڡ
СŲΣ֪ͨ飬˼һץڴһ˵˵Ѿ֪ˣϰҪԴˣ˼ҿھʮ򣬼ҽƷҪʮûʮϰֻܵ˵ˮƲס
Ҷüͷ˵ȱޣ£аҵʵԴôڼ񵽲Σ֪ͨһѾ˾ܰСĵطһᾡΪ֪Ǯɶˡ
Сһɬ˵ϰȷΪ˥ߵҽҹңԴڱУֻҪȷǮλСʱھͿԽֲǮ
Ҷһ˵ֻҪҵԴǮ취һʮȥҽԺڲҾСԼŴȥѧô翪֧ƱһȥҽԺͷٻˡ
˵ʮ򣿡С¶һĨŵɣ
ҶɵͷһЦģҽԺҶ֪Ӧ˾һ


51 Įй
Сˣ˽Ҷɻ޳˶֮ǰͬĶǸ˵ˮ
ҶȻžͶƣβ˼ĺ˵㲻ҪȥҽԺôᱻ˿Ϊôˣԩԩ
С̧ͷһ˫ˮĴ۾ҶɣδɵϸһĨκ죬ʵҶӣΪʲôҪңҪ֪ҿһҲǮġ
ҶνЦЦûΪʲôܰͰ㲻ҲһǮôǮûϵϰֵܺˡ
Сҧҧ˵Ҷӣлл㣬ǮһỹġһվתϳڴڶҶɻ΢ЦЦúϴһĨɬ
ҶĿС뿪ְ̧˰մʪؿڣֳǰȥ
峿ŴԼҶСõѧǰĳɼһЩҪƾ֤Щһ̶ͣӿᡣ
磬̶ϰģҲֿģٿҶЦŰװŲͺеϴݸϵŴ٣תߵһ࿪ϳ
Ŵ򿪲ͺж̶һڣ޵ζ濴Сӻա
ҶЦٻģҵգ
Ŵץ˸ҧһڣ˫Ȼһҧһڣ⺬޵óԣҳԹõտ˵ͷֻرͣҶɵտ治Ǹǵģ᳹Ŵ٣Ҫ֪ǰǸӲԼ
ưͣŴĴ˸ãЦе˵ҶӣԺҪҴŲˣʵ˵СֵĿʲô
Ҷɲ˼Ĵ⴮ţⶼУ˾Ŀһٸ㳢
ŴЦˣɣȰСøѧ¶ˡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵磬Ǯͻ㣬һλϰּ˥ߣԴҽҪʮ򡣡
ŴЦС¶˵ɣʮҪֽ֧Ʊ
Ҷ˵֧Ʊͺãһʮһʮ򣬸ҾͰǮϡ
Ŵͳ֧Ʊֽ֧ƱҶɻЦ˵ʲôģһܾһأļҽԺھȥ
Ҷպ֧Ʊ˵ҽԺ֧ƱǾȥ츴ѧ
ŴӣͲ̧ͷʵҶӣ˵λŮİɣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷʾĬϣŴ¶һĨ׽Ц⣬˵С̫ˣδҲ׼ˮƬɶģҪ˳·㣿
ҶƤһ󷢾ͷ˵ͨѣ㶫ҲãϾһΡʵСͨѶ㲻ϣεͲͬˡ
ŴааһЦͻȻһţɴܳȥҶ˵һĻһѽС
ʱо仰ٸŰֿǮĪִתһ䣬ҽԺŰֿвǮĪĳЩҽԺǾЧ棬ʲô˶˹ƨʲôҽҽ˳¹֥飬𻨻̵ĳƱһǮֵ
ҽԺһҽΪҽΪִҽԺҽԽһ㣬βñҽԺҪһ㣬˵һ㣬ȷе˲֤
ڲϴѩ׵컨壬Σ֪ͨѾ´죬޶ѻû䣬֪Լʱ޶࣬Ψһ᲻µľŮСٸ콡оǽһŮһʳǵĲƸϧǸøס
ǻѧҵĸ߲˫ϲʿڹѧоȨйһĽȴøڲϵ³ŮںԼȴֻԼһˣһᣬٿŮδɵо
Ͽɹֻڼʧȥʱ仰壬ΪһλѧҼÿ춼Ҫʬ򽻵ʯʬ塢걾Ҳʬ壬˵ӦøϧȻûУͷһַ̡
ҽӦǮھͰҰϵԴ𣿡
Ų̊򣬺ڸһ̸
УûпǮ֮ǰǲǰϵԴģй棬ֻҪǮλϾͿ԰ֲȰûϵλǮѡ
˽й棬Դʼ͸йıʣƱǮԴǮֻܵ뻽һŮѾ÷
ҽ˵ٽٲֲҰְֻģءСֻܿŰΪ֪Ҷɵϵʽ
Ҳû취й棡˵ƽй֮ϡ


52 ˳
ˡű죬̨ϵ̸ʱͣСĨߵǰ˷ţŵ˲תͷһҽˡ
ſվŵҶɣϻˮ̨߳һλ״ӵҽƤܰף촽죬þպȹѪƵģСıֲѲ³λŪԴҽ
ҶɽŰеˮϣӿڴͳֽ֧ƱС˵һҽƷѣŪˡ
Сһһ֧Ʊ÷Žڴ߹ȥһ֧ƱҽʮϰϵԴ
ҽ֧Ʊۣ԰׵¶һ˿Цݣ֧Ʊû⣬ϵһܸ֮ǰְ̨˵ͳֻͨһ绰ڵһʾҶͷһ
ҽԺϴ˵õԴϷǮѾˣһСʱڴ˹ûɡҽᳵ·ܿϵԴһ绰źˡ
ܿ첡ٴαƿҽԱŵܳ˽ҽİºܿϳ˳ȥڳƱٵԵǻһȦһЩҲ͸һЩ
СĲϰ֣ҶҪ˸ֻ뼱ҴҸ˹ȥ
ҶɲİڼǰŮЩͰСôȥˣӽĳЩȨҽԱйᣬѾγһѪȲҵ˺ͬʱҲ
Ҷ̾˿ת߳˲СѾˣҪСøѧ⡣
һ¿ʱ䣬һıܳУ԰һ䶯ŴܳвòΪмɫѧùڳǰɦŪˣĶٷܶʮ˼
ѧ̲ߣͷԵĶڰ۲죬еѾ׼㹤ߣУ԰Ӳֱӣ۳־սܷꡣ
ŴҶɼͬһʱ򿪳ţһȫƣ˧һװͨģɬȴʧӢ˲߽У칫ҡ
УǸݵİˣĻϿɽװشڱһֱ֧ʣ˽¶һ˿ɫʵ֪Ƕò
Ŵ߹ȥУϣӿڴͳһƬǾ˾ŶУ
УüŴȥüͷȻչ¶һȻı飬Ц˵һУĹӰɣ񣬹ȻǻӰ
һƣŴûа㲻ڣ΢΢һЦһǻУɣͨ绰ģҼͷ
У˷ܣЦ˵Уˣһ½ѧԱҪлУĴ֧֡
ŴЦЦ绰˵ûɣҽ˶ˣСãȽЩ㣬ϣܶչˡ
УЦ˵Ȼû⣬һһӭ
ŴתͷҶɵ˸ɫ˵ĶøУ׵ġ
ҶɸϽȡĶڰ칫ϣ˵СͨѧѾ˸ǰпγ̣ܸҷͬһ࣬鷳ˡ
УϵĶⷭӦ鷳ֻҪɼܸϾӦ鲻ܾڹ
Ҷ֪¶ˣƲסһ˷ܣٴ̤ѧУСùͬԸԺһҪӱŬȡһĴѧ
Ŵſ˵УҶõֵܣһҪչˣԼȥ޸ʲôӦûɣ
Уͷ絷⣬ӦȻû⣬¶һοʦͰڸ࣬Ҽ֣ʱϿΡ
ŴӿڴͳҵţƤŷϣЦ˵Ǿ鷳ˣѧѣһò裬Ҽͷ˵ˣ½ѧ¥µ׿ԶǾˣ͡
УţƤŷһۣһոµĳƱ򿪳ŷ˽ȥЦ˵ʺУ
Ŵ˵ͷҶ˵ˣǾͲУ칫ˣ߿
Ҷûж˵ʲôŴһ뿪У칫ңѧ˳ף֪Ϊʲôܾе£ҲǶԻУķлʲôԭɣ
һ·ҶɳĬƫͷų⵹˵ľ﷢ææµµڹʵñƤ²̫αεĶǰµڣдĵ˻


53 ŵ̨
ͣͣ£Ҷɴӳ˼лعһ̻Ի͵Ĺʽĸ֣̽ʢʶֳǡ
ҶһԵŴüʵ磬طǸɶģʲôˣܸ֡
ŴЦʵʲôܸ֣Ѳɿô
Ҷһҡҡͷܸܵ飬һܾڣҳ˾Լֲӡ
ŴЦСӹ̹ףʢʶԺʲôУʶʶ˳̨󱣽ɶġ
Ҷ¶˷ܵЦݣ˵̨һᣬǰ˰̨Ҿȥ˹ŵˣͦϲġ̨ļʮû֪Ҫٸ˲һ״̬
ŴЦ̨ҪͷҪаӮٰʮⲻ³ȥһȦ
ҶɶԴ̨Ȥ³ŴһʢʶŴĳͣžһλɫ۵ӭС΢Цӭ
٣кþûˣ֪׼ʲôأӭСϴְҵЦݣ˵ʱܻ᲻ظŴֱϴǿƵģܻôС˼Ůʧȥƽ⡣
ŴЦ΢УƵ˵ֵܹ漸̨򣬲֪˭
ӭСĿΣЦ˵ٴһλ˹ŵ˸ֹ˵ǰھӢɳġ˹˹ʤƣڻû˴޳ɹô
Ŵü˼˼룬ҡҡͷھûõļνģȴȥ漸֡
ӭС΢ЦתŤ˳ȥ
ֱ¸㣬һŴ򿪣һټ̨򳡣̨ǻνṹΪÿжű׼̨⻷󣬰ڵ̨Ҳֵ࣬˴μ٣˷λýһ԰һźľ߱Σһ𷢱۵ˣбһ˱Ŀ
Ŵĳͣ򳡵ĹȻأҶɽ̨ܴܵ⻹һ˵ĵط̨Ҳ򵥣һӮ־ܻáϻĻᡣ
ۣҶϻֲЦ֪ǰ²ֹһСϱǾһϻ⣬˼ҲˡϻǸʲô˼ŴͻȻᵽϻһʱûסЦˡ
Ŵ᲻Цԭһû˵СʲôأϻָͨɱݽλþͿսʤܵõһʷĽ𣬹ôˣҪȤԡ
ҶЦɣǰ´̨˵ľӵһȦҪôŪɹ·ľжж䣬һٷ¹ӮͼģǮ¶ҴӲմߡ
ŴЦûľУϹҲסҪ۸ҲķҪ˾ʮᣬ߶ʮҪ˾һٷвУ
˶Կŷһڸ̨֪ļȲְҵѡ֣ҶӮ㿾ڻ¡
ҶҡҡͷкüûˣӦһֲ㣬Уڶֿʼķ
ŴЦСӻУ˵һ֣ҲС˵ִӿڴͳһƱݸߵӭС㣬˵Ϲأڡ
ӭС㷭˷еĳƱ˵٣ǮֻĻ廷̨㶮ġ
ŴһĨ죬ƫͷһλãʵ˵ĸڵ̨ӶʲôǮ
ӭС˵ҪһŻˣҪ죬˰ʮͽ𣬾ɳޣԼ¥ˮƼ䡣
Ŵһۻ뱧˴˯ɳģʵصǼһӮ˶پˣ
ӭСܹӮֱ֣䣬Ѧٺͳ٣Ƕʮ飬ǰ˱ʣ֡
Ŵ̧ӣ˵»Ǹ鳣ѦǼһͽҲǴģɳмˢӣˣĻ̨ɣȸָ˳Ҳȥë֡˵ӶͳһСƱӭСط죬˳ƹָ˵͡
ԵȣϰšӭСЦ绨ؿӦһŤ򳡵һ࣬רΪ˰̨İͯ˴ֽĶǮź˳ִ󷽣СѾһΪɹ۵Ľ
ܿһͯں̨ӣһС˸ǰ΢Ц˵λĻ˺̨


54 ŵ˸
Ҷǰ¾̨򣬻Ƕģų̂˼̨ĵԸֲ֪ĸ̭ľ̨ܱȵģ̨򽲾λɣӦ̨ĵҪŴ˳˳ˮСҶӵһָбɫĸüأһٽβǸˮ㵰
ŴһƯ˰һźдתͷһҶɣ΢Ц˵Ҷӣ𳵲ƵģţƤǴģһ־ҪĿῩ
Ҷޱĵ˵ͷڸͷϲ˵ɷ̨ۣµҰ·Ӹ·һģôҪٿῩ
ͯѸٰںֶ˸뿪ƣŴǰ򣬵һúᣬƿĸŲ룬˸׼ǣҶɻ˺ܴѶȣǶƫǸ˹ŵˣͶķ֡
Ҷɳָߵ̨ԣ˿ǶȣüҡҡͷĽǶȻѶȣƫͻװͷֵ֣һ˾ͷֿɲʲôͷ
˹ŵ˸ֶþĸλ˹ŵˣ˵˾Ǿöִ򲻵Ҷǰѡ˹ŵˡֺǡ˹ŵһֵܿ¶û뵽Ҳͬľ
ſܸ͡ˡ룬ֻܻ˹ŵˣҶ˫׼һź׼Ƹ˻򣬴ʱ˿ԺûκΨһͷǻк
գסͻȻĲһ£ͷĸϷҶɰһ⣬ؼʱ־Ȼˡ
һĻˣĸڸͷ㴥±ĳܣһ΢ޱȵĽǶתŲΧȦĺžણĸ׼ȷײϣ״
򣬲СӶϹײʴ㣬˰ɣŴЦ˰䣬ǵ٩ζ
Ҷһĵ˵ͷ˵ղֶһ£˵Χ̨˰Ȧſһܲרҵ׼˺
ֽкߣ̨зֵߵ򣬵˹ŵ˸ֶѡڻ¾ܶظԽߣһʮ߷Ǹֵ׷ĸλҪá
Ҷ϶ղŽ˹ŵ˴ڻѡ˺ߣԺдһ򵥵ͷȥ
ણͷĸһɫĻīɫ̨ϼٹžײĤĸײĹд
ףСˣŴһĨ⣬ⲽߵ̨ԣһĸλãûõκλɣߵĻʽõ߷֣ٿǵˡ
õģʵǲпģŴٺܿ쳢˼ߵζҶûõκλɣҴ˸ɣĸһλĸףɢֵĺһͽů˯
žһǫ̈һź״һ̨κλᡣ
ҶվֱӣɷøͷĿⲻϣڻζղĸо˹ŵԭôס
Сӣһֱڰϻˣһ֡ŴһЦŶҶɣ˷ܵ⣬Сӻپϲأڴ
ҶһЦҹʦһ㼼ҲûС
Ŵеͷͱһ£ЦװСӼװ򣡡
ͯüٶȰڻԭλ˸뿪ơ
ϾŴһֵҶɷˣǰſֿͣܶոβһͳž۳ǵĺĸĴײɢܣણȻĿź͵ֿ֡
ŴһЦվһԿ֣ҶеߵĸţԺͷߣžƸˡһǳɣ
žһźڴʧߣžշŻԭλĺ׼ȷУҿֿͯ죬пָܱͷʵ̫̫ݣ߹ȥӴ򣬸շ¶žһ죬ٴʧ
̧ͯĨһѶͷϵĺ飬˵磬Ұٴô
Ҷһĵ˵ͷ˼´һע⡣
ͯӣӴСķŻԭλ̧׼Ъֻžһ죬ֱд
ͯ̾˿һε߹ȥ򣬶ߴžһ죬˰벽īɫ̨϶һ˵ĳƱ
ģȽ㡣ŴƵ˵һ䣬Է˱ŰҶɱݣСȻûѵ˵һϸ£ȴҪ취ɳĴһ֪˭ʤһأ


55 ˫
žĥĺ򱻻״Ҷɷе˶ŴȻһ֣ⲻǴʤǴٷ
ŴٺһЦǰһҶɼ򣬳廷뱧˴ɳŬŬҶӣûȤ׬㻨Ǯ
Ҷ֪˼ҡҡͷûȤ̨֣ûҪ϶Ĳ
ŴӣЦ˵ϲС㣬Ըֵҿ򡣡
ͱͷɳһּҳ㷹٣ҪټӵͷոֺֺǡһƵζ
ŴҶͬʱתһȾë§Ÿĸ椶˹椶ӳбȻ߳һͷֹһȫɱ
ͷŮһһʶ߲Ǿ룬䲻⣻زѹǮСһԿĳϵԾǽڳƱĻϡ
ŴƲƲ죬˵Ϊٹ⣬ǩˮףû֪֮İ鳡
˾ǰ̨£ǻ߼ǰ˹ŵھΪľǷرģƫƫŴ䳰ȷâӲ˹ȥ
˴С˿èɲǩˮôһ̨ԴһЦǲǰǮĳϼٶ»ֳĺûȻŹ
磬СֵܸɳĴһֲֵ֣ʯԱһϡҰʯԡ
˵Ƕڴһλ٣ѦϼٶѦɣǿһСֲԳڷŸͨҰԴӹ˵ǳ𱬣һʯԱֵƣ⻹ġ
ûֵˣһ䳰ȷһСǵͨ죬˦ק첲Ľ˿èŵŵǰ˼Ŵ˵ֵľ͸ɳĴһ֣ˣƤʲô£
Ŵ˸˵б絥һ֣׼㶨̨ô
ƽʱŴͲ̫Ըе֪֮ģ̨˼ʮֶǸ䣬Դż˲ŻӦŴٵ
Ϊ˲ǰ¹ŲӴ˵ƨذ޶˴мԼߣϳģбȥɳĴһ֣СӲǸôȿ򣬲ҽӾ
Ŵ֪ҶɲӦ۵ס£˵˵ĹˣֵܣٽһСŲھ㡣
ŴȦİԵѧ꣬ĲʶһȴôѧһǿޱȵĲǰиٸԸֵıȫ̵һ˶һȣŴһս˭Ҫë˺ء
±Ŵٵɵû飬վһ԰ȫλã˵оͲУ̨ϲһѡ
磬ӦҸɳĴһ֣ʤȿ򡣡Ҷɵ˵һ䣬һɷڸͷã֮Ըı⣬ֻΪάֵ֣ܡ
ֵܣ۾͸һ֣ģ۲ͼǮֻŴЦһסҶɵļ򳯻ȥ
Ǹһ˿ЦŵģӺݺ˵Ľ˿èЦ˵¶ӮǮȥ䡣
˿è˸߲ҵ˹ȥĹƤҩһ顣
§Ž˿è룬̨Եİͯ˦˦ĸ첲Сȿ˭˭˵أ
Ŵǰʢʶ򣬶Դ޵Ĺģٶȸ㶨עѺһʮֽ֧ƱԤУҶһӮӡСӴӲûյ̡
ɳı̨ϣ·սĶֲмһˣԵĲ輸ϷһͰǼƿǩȫӢĵĿȪˮһϰߣںδÿδҪȼĿȪˮ
Ҷߵ˼ǰһˣʲôְҵ֣ѹûҪھǸһջҲһܰͱ
廷˶Լֹͬͣ˻򣬴ҺĬߵڣΧһȦۿ˶ûע⿴Ҷɴ򣬵ɳľտ۷λʶֱ̨һܡ
ֶ̧ͯҶ˸׼ƣڿͣ˼ѹ䣬һȣʼ
žҶڻʧϵݳ˵һˣĸīɫ̨ϻһĻߣ׼ȷײһλζ˵ĺ


56 ռս
ɢĺ̨޹ɹܣһȺԲµµĺƤ󽹼Ѱ󶴣աźʧǵĿšššʮš
ʣźٶֻҩС̵ߣաź״ͣдأֻĸһ
һʮź򡭡κ˹ŵ˱ֵܳ漣˶ɴ۾쳤̨ŴҲˣ˰ҲźٺЦֵŵظͺ䣬ɲ
һЦ˵ȥͷӹϰש̨˷ˡϽڱҵڶϼţͷǰһСͷһũĳֵڱҵƴʮ꣬׬һټļҵΪҿģ
Ŵûһֿ׳յ£˼̾˿ͲСʱǱͷһשɵġ
žһźõһŲһźõһŲ򡭡̶ӣһ̨
÷ֺܵͣûκλᣬӮӮȥں÷ֶ١
Ҷ˳µһ̣£Ŵ֪ŪһʪëһƿȪˮ
ѺŴȰëݵҶϣë˿˿ģñˮ
Ҷɽӹëһѣһ˫۾̨һֵ̣ɳĿаһ˲ܻл˳µڶ̣һ̨Ҳûϵֻȫ̡
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òҶҲͷ¶һ΢ЦκξʵıҪѧض̨֣ʿȵ˶ôҲҪӡ
ŴٺһЦһƿҿǵĿȪˮ͵Ҷߣģźȭ˶ԱƵġ
Ҷûж룬˿ˮû뵽̨ԵɳϾȻüͷ¶һ˿õı飬Ҷɲˣͷƣ̨û涨׼ˮɣҺȿˮʲôˬģΪ̨򳡵֣Ҳզ
һжŴڣ̧־Ͷɳı˸ָһ˶Ӣģϣ̨Եɳˣǿƽסеŭ
ŴקһĲ㣬ﻹС߶ëС粻ǴͰ˳ƿˮôڴӵ۵ô
ҶɳĶԼͷԭ򣬸ΪŴٴͰ˳һƿˮ
ʼ̧ͯһѹʼ
žɳĵһƳĸײԶҶѸͣɢĺţһŹ˵״
йоصĿ򣬼ǲܽҲᣬ˳ȥһźͳһ
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Ʒֽϵֲͣӣʮư٣ɳϿ仯ΪֻڻʱܵһֲκӰ״̬
һʮ߷֣һźУɳٴδһ֣ӮˣӮƯӮþʣҶɷưѸʹ򷢣߹ԡ
䶨ˣ˸ԴĴŴԵһ䣬¶һ˿ϧװʮҶȿֱʤϡ
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Ҷߵ̨ԣǰһƣžɢҽһźһʮĻɼԵƽ档
žٳԽһźҶͣ˵ȴֻͯѺλƸ˴Χ۵ǽҪʲôλַǳһʮ߷ȥģȻ˲ᵽ˶㣬ʼ۾ۿλİֻ
˿һɳĺֵĻʱ䣬˹ŵ˳Ҫѡڶʮڻɳƽʱʮ룬ȫһϵĿ֣ƽʱǰһֹﵽ˾̾룬˵ߵĸƸ˾ʹ򣬼ֱԳƵǳ֡
ҪĸλҲҪ׼ļ㣬һָĴģȫƾ׼ͷս˹ŵ߷֣źһδΧ۵Ĵ˶ס˺»Ӱ쵽ķӣһʾ׵ıݡ


57 
žһǿƸˣײϵĺ״գײڴڵ磬һֱڶһֵ߸ķʽ
ʣû뵽Ҳĸ֣˵ǳ»Ҷɿƾ޵ıüĸоһ˷ܵ÷˺⡣
ֱֹ֣ˣִָȥ϶ǹھ׬ˡѦ¶һĨĽı飬ͽڸȦһݳƷܹݳƷߵļֵһ顣
ŴȻһЦҶֵܣҹڵ˷ʱ䡣ûпҶǿֵʮڣڳĹӸҵĲ࣬˵ҲܸĳЩѶ
һһְʯͷҽŵĸо벻ļһﾹȻǸ֣˵˼һǸϻĹӸʣԽҲȻ޴档
Ҷ˿ɷۻصλŸͷɳĴ̾Ǿʤʱˣȡһ¡
ɳķ¿Ȫˮƿߵ̨ǰ̹ȻҪľǴʤԲҪʤһʼѾĳ˵޴͡
žƸ˿ĸٳźĸ̨Ϲ
գһź״Ϊ͵һˮ׼ĵڣĸſߵ𣬵дɳ΢΢һ㵣εʼλ
̨ȶķӺ⣬ʱҲҪһһСƫпܵ޷תİܾ֡ɳһλḻ֣ͬû취֤ٷְٲʧʧÿһӦþ߱Ļʡ
Ҷߵ̨ԣͯĸڸλƸ˴ɢ򣬵һ˾źûи°룬üٶͯӴٶȻٶ˰ġ
ղŴͳһźϣּ̧žһ죬ͯðһǻĶΧһЦ
ͯ˿ĭٴͳ̧ͷҶһ۲ŰŻԭλžָ̧棬ֱײ˵״̲ס̧ͷҶһۣٳûȥ
ҶƸ˴һźЦ˵ģһҴ򣬱ȷѾҪˡ
ͯĵ˵ͷͳԭλҶɹȻƸ˴кȫվŲҲͯŪŻԭλ˵һԡ
ѾûҶȶ±ɳİܱŴȡ֧Ʊ²ǰΪʾԼĴ󷽻ɵ˶ʮȫˮƯ
ŴסҶɼָסһŰ֧ƱڴЦ˵ģ糤ǮӦõġ
磬ǮҲҪһǷһأҶͳ֧ƱŴȴһѰס
Ҷӣ㣬ֻţѼҲɢˣֵһӣô
ҶֻͷһůӿûѣǮΪСβķûÿԣܶ࣬ǮͷҸٻˡ
ѦſƬǰֱݸŴҶɣЦ˵Ҷֵʱȥҵľֲһʱ䣬䣬ϲ˶
Ŵգһ۾סҶɵֱ۽˽Ц˵Ҷӿǰٷеָ֣û㣬ɽͷǵ治ġ
Ѧһ˿죬漴ЦӭҶֵն߶٣ȫѡ
ԣʲôҶһͷԽһԵȤԶʤ̨
ѦЦԣøϹ󣬼ٺöԸɽϵﹻˡ
ŴЦģЩⲻʹҰҲò£Գ˼ͷҰ¹ûйζ
Ѧ΢΢ŴСֹ˼䣬ŴһĨ⣬תͷʵСӲƸɣ⣿
Ѧɵͷֵܺ˭ҲҺƴ簡Ҫûңһϱ˴ŪģҰ໽У׼ζҪ磬˱ҿɲ𡣡
ŴЦУǾô˵ˣ۾ȥʱɲܲҴţжȫų
ѦЦӦû⣬һҶֵ񫡣
ŴһѦɼ򣬺ٺЦ˼ȥϴԡһԸɡ
Ѧɰֵл磬һе˽Ҫ죬쵽˾ֲҵ绰һᰲźһС˵ת뿪ҲǸýѵӣΪ˴ͼǸˬ졣
Ҷк棬ƫͷʵ磬ղ˵⵽ʲôصġ
Ŵǰߣ˵ﲻ˵ĵطȥԵرĶġ


58 ִ󱣽
ʢʶֳǳԺȫķҲɫڲҸ£һλĽСԱľƤס
Ҷɷף˫΢΢һУ÷ǽ¹顢ĸ㡢һƷࡢӡ顭ֲŸԢ⣬Ǽ۸Ҳǹˣ֪ζ
Ŵⷭ˷˲ף̧ͷԷԱ˵ҲͷһԷˣЩ˹ֺζ治զĹִڰɣ
Աһ£˵Բģִ֪
Ŵ΢΢һЦϻڵģ֧ʼ²ȥѲ˵ܳУ˵Ǵġ
õģ˵ҼǡԱ˵ͷ׼¼
ŴȿڲɤӣƵ˵ˮʹʹݡ̩ɽƽһס椡Ļ÷һ
һ˰˲һϡŹ֣СԱ˺üزѲȫˣ뿪ʱתͷһֵֹۣġ
ҶҲЩϡŹֵĲŪȷԱ뿪ʣ磬ĶЩʲôˣôһû
Ŵ˸ӣЦе˵òˣִĲζһ˻ԣĵŰɣ
ҶƲƲ죬һʣղǸͿƬȥԵĸ˵ʲôܿԸҰɣ
ŴЦ˵ѦɰǼһϽһֲŲҰ﹩˴ԣͦģھֲڵĲ͹ݼӹԵƤӺõҰﻹܼӹɸƤղŪ˼ͷҰǣȥʡ
ҰǣǶǷ𣿡Ҷ¶һĨı飬ôҲ벻ֲ޹ɱ˷ؿɱΣҲߡ
ŴΪȻЦЦҰⶫֲʲôص㱣ǻŪȽ鷳ϼԹҲΣգʡ
Ҷ˵ҶûɶȤҴȥҰҰӹˡ
ŴЦҲУ˳ѦСӼʶʶĵʲôҪǿˡ
һ󣬷ԱͲ˽˲һԻһСֽƬдŲ
Ҷɵɴ۾ɨһСֽƬϵĲˮʹʹһ±ˮ󳦣̩ɽһˮײˣһǱƤϸôһ㣬㡢㡢㡢㡢㡢㡢ƻ㡢Ƥ㹲һˣȻװһ̣ĻǸˣ䣻÷ǲ˳ѣƮһС
ЩȻ龫ֵ⣬ƽһ׾еͷˣһڻƲӲӵĹͣԱ߻һʲô治˸ʲôϵݹǡ֡
ҶƣԱбڹϣֻž꼸죬ȹըһŨ㣬ζʳָ󶯣ȲӼһͷŽζ治õĺóݣֱ̫óˡ
ȴһζҲ⣬ˮһޱȣõĹ˸ǸƯ̴дǸ׺ϰϵ
Ŵ˵Щ˼ٲ൱ڵһݲһ˵ļǮִôˣֻоԷĿ˲֪ڣвʳҲԵĲˣԹȥЩʵĹ͢˺ˡ
Ҷ˸ۣеĲ´ʱ͵ͬĲʽٹ񫡣
Ŵƫʳ˵˾ǸƷλĳԻϲǵˮʹʹݣ˵װʺĹܶʰɾ˵ȷһֲʳģ±ˮз±ζ󳦣ʮ㣬һʳ
Ҷϲǵ椣Ƥ治֪ˢһʲôƽϣһرζԵ񫡣
һٷһͷϵĲ˱˳˸⣬ˮʣԳУΪǹִĹأ˾Ҫȫ꣬»λǳٶǮҲˡ
Ա㣬ŴкԱϣҶЦЦҶӣҪȥ¥󱣽ȥ
󱣽кôҶ¶һ䣬˸˼壬ǱǴ󱣽̶ȵı£ԳԳԡ
Ŵ΢ЦŽ͵Ǳǿ֮󱣽һ˷ǳֵ˶һ
ҶЦЦУǾȥ󱣽һ¿ֵζ


59 ھ
¥ĵƹⰵĵģú㣬߽ȥֱðƤ
ſվλ۵ӭС㣬ֱ£¶ְҵЦϹӭ٣
ŴӿڴһŽӲӵĿƬһλӭЦе˵˵
ӭСŽ𿨿һۣ΢Ц˵ǻƽԱȴλȥϢҺȲ裡
Ŵ˰˵ãȥ˵һҿ߿
ӭСϳһ˿ŵ飬˵Եȡ˵ת첽ȥо׵ĸ߸Ь·һ߷磬˿о
Ӳ洫һЦ٣ʲôˣûٵɣ
һɫְҵװŮˣԼôʮ£׶ۣϸǣ˺뵽«߾ڳڵͿ¶һƬѩ׵ļǺҵޱչ¶ǰһ˫ֻݣŮ˿еĵ䷶
ŴŶŮˣЦ˵ܲأֵӣò᲻ӭɣ
һ˫ŵŴĿתҶɨһȦһֹ˵˵СҶӸĿһԾ٣ֻܵͷŵذשϵĻơ
Ȼһӭ֪λֵôƺ˵ɤӣҲϸЩڵŮǶ첻ɤӱȶ׶ˡ
Ŵ˼۾˵Ҷ󱣽ҪַõļʦһҪаˮ۵֡
һЦģλ⣬׻˵˵ٰʽַò֪λ˵Ťϸת߰벽ͣסһְʾԵĵȴ
ŴһЦҶɼǰȥ·رļɣ˽Ųʼձű˿벽ࡣ
ĵȸⳤ߶ͬһɫƵǽֳȵؾǴСһµĹ䣬չȥҲ·ŵţԹУû˴·˿϶Ҳ
Ҷ٣ڷԵȣʦܿ͵ͣ˽ŲƿǽϵһխţҶһڣȻһõĴ󷿼䣬ǽ߰ڷԣ֦ҶïķнҶĽߵŵĶž顢˽ĴϷҲһɫٲȻһСֲ԰ӯӯСҶԸƣ˫Ȼһ
ȥϴԡţ㡣ŴҶɼһѣֱӰƽ˷䡣
ϣҶߵ룬һĥɰţԡһԡףԭﻹԡңѹִϴʲôԡתһ룬֮֮ŵ˵ĿյϴˮҲ
ȶҶɿ߽ԡңѸٳĨָԭʼ״̬ˮͷϴˢˢԡҼϸϴԡƷôСͬƿװţùСҶӷѣԥ˼һϴҺƿӽҿţйɱζһĨͷϡ
ϴһĭӶûУҶѰ˼ſϴҺˣһεСƿĭװƯϴԶûãһƿо˿˿ͦйӵҩζ
ˮԡңϴҶɸûעⷿűƿһϸӰ˽һѧװŮŸɫױ߽䣬һԡģӰ¶һ˿⣬վſԥ˼룬ҧҧŲ󴲷ȥ
Ҷкüûϴˣˮһپ̩ƿţһµĻԾͷ˿
ãܸΪ񡣡һӴ󴲷Ҷϵı΢΢һͣĿѭȥվһѧװŮԼһ㣬۾ƤװףֻСֽںɫСȹϴµ֦һ京ŵĻɬ
ҶЦЦ첽ߵŮǰʵ󱣽ļʦ
Ůһ㵣ϸһĨκ죬Ŵͷ˵ǵģܸΪ񡣡Ȼ˵ˣȴЩĵһλˣ˵Ļһ£˧˵ֱ̫ӣܿһλḻĻ֣뵽ͷƲסһʱܱ¶һݡ
Ҷ¶һ۹Ц󷽵˵׼ˣھͿʼɣ
ʲôھ͡Ůһ㵣¶һĨŵı飬ģֻ˾ӡ


60 ׽
Ҷɲ֪Ŵٰһν󱣽ǲǰһƣ˵˾ǻǮС㣬Щϲ͵Ѱ˵һ彡£еŮ˱һرĳνʦߵֱӾ٣Ĵ󱣽νǻٳξ飬ֻ벻ģûмʦġ
ʢʶϵεĴڵļʦϸǰᾭϸѡѵȷÿһ̶ȵȡù˿ͣڹ˿õǰ²׬
Ŵ椣ֲԸܸǣ켣ڸֻǴʱѷʽҶ˸ɬˮ۵ĳͿֵܲܰժñӡ
ŮҶɵֱһǰѵʱѧЩź˵ж˲׵ϣԺֻʣ½źͷŭֻҪõȷ֤һҪļһÿ
ҶɴһŮһʵ󱣽ôҪ۵ĻϢһᣬҲġ
Ůҧҧէ¶һĨ΢Ц˵ҪģļкַܶҪζ
ҶҡͷҲļҪϢһᣬˣʲô֣
Ůܸɴ˵ϢھԽҾʮ˺š˵̧Ҷɼͷָ㴥еָⲻĶѵʱѧ˷ܵ㣬ֻҪѭ򽥽Ĵ̼ܹǿҵĶﱾܣȻ֪ΣգΪ˾õ֤һѡ
аװָ˳ż»䣬ؽƽƹȥ˸Ůһǰ˷ܵ㣬ֻҪĵò졭
ҲˣҶɴһ󵯿ɵ˼ϮҪٲ״󱣽ʲôǾɵˡ
ŮֻǰһգѾ֪ȥһ̲סЦˣԭ泯쵹ڴϡ
Ҷɱû۾ղһڴߣʧ˲泯쵹ҿ󴲵ã׼ĵڣǰһʮ˺һֿؿڣʱﻹиռʱģٲȻһλ뺷Ů֣͵һͿ
ҪʲôҶɴụ̂һʱ侹֪Ӧԣ˵ʼˡ
Թű𶯣ҲŮľһ䣬һѹסҶڳִӺһϿ۰ֻ˩סˣǰǸϳɵĳ磬ƾӾУѧԸָҹӴ´ֻ࣬Ҫȡ֤̱⴦ɹѵ㣬Ϊȡֻ֤ЩǳֶΣСӵù
뷨õģʵǲпģŮԺеͷδɢȥͻȻһɾµϿ۰Ʒڴϣһ䣬˵λ˲ת
ҶɿŮ䣬ûһ˫Ϳźָ͵צɿץֻһסǰһ˰ѹŮϣһͣ˵촽һֻ޽ӽ۾ɵԲĸܵ˴˵Ľëһ𣬻ǰ˵ĵǹèСˡ
ϣҶһʹ̧ͷ߷ȻűסŮ˵蹷İɣҧˣҧѪˡ
Ůմһ˿Ѫ˵ڰҷſһڵġ
Ҷǰľʮ˺ţоҧ촽ʹǰһ̻˾ʮ˺ȫ˸Ƶģѹ˻˵ŮƱĶתһְƣԣҸԩ޳ΪʲôͻȻÿ˩ҵأѲҵɫô
ι㵽ʲôˣѰҴֱӵİ취ѯʵˣҶԤУʮ˺ŲǴ󱣽ʦ
Ů˼£ôҲû취ѣһôһ˼¶һĨı飬˵Ǿ죬ϷſҸϮ
죿Ҷüͷ˵о촩󱣽ôҧˣʲô֤ԼǾ죿
Ů˸ƤգմӾУҵ˳ͨĹϵоֵһְԱһȥ̾ӣ͵͵ʢʶֳһʦյֳƵ֤ݾƻһ׮󰸣֤ʸһ̾ôҲ벻ԼాС£ճ־˸ͷ
򿪻ױ䣬ӵҵľԱ֤ŮھݣϣѹԼļһ֪Ѷˡ
Ҷü˼˼룬ʵȥղŰҵĿûУ
Ů֪Ҫʲôҧ˵Уš


61 뿪
ҶڳһִֻӾʮ˺Ͽۣ˫˩סۣҧҲҪѵ㹦´ߵŻױİԡ
žણǵҶɰȡһԣһһϵıǩСţ͡ϰҩƵ𶯰˹ڽգףôϴҺϴͷЧŪûȥͷм׵ĺֽȻһ֤֤⻹һڹ΢ͷ
֤濴˿½ƣй֣ΣԱ滹ƷƬӢˬǸ졣
Ҷɺܿ뵽ﾭһЩӰƬԵ׾¼½ƵŮ˳ʢʶԵ׵ģǷץһ󱣽֪Ǻ
½Ƽ֤Ϊϣ˵Ǿ˰ɣϿѿ۽⿪
Ҷɷ¾Աִ֤ﳶͷڵϣ̧һ壬ž꣡ͷһƬղ͵ĵһĻҲ˿
ʲô֤ݣ½һֱӴӴϵ˵ĻˣٽһҲ޷ԭ
Ҷɵһ˵֤ݸƨα֤ıҲܣʲôҲûɶھʹ绰ǸʲôŰ졣
СҶѻϡͿıҧһڲ˵֤ݣҪЩͱҲ˵壬½ƵŮȱ£Ը˲ÿ
½Ҫ̻ŮƽʱԼʦǲҪʲô˵鷭ȷ黹죬ļʦ˵ܰ񾭲ʦû˭ǰء
ǧҳϴ˻𣿡½ڷ͵ԭͲռοлǿɫʣǲŽк첻Ӧеز飬ұҲԶˮȲ˽
ʵҶɲ㣬һŮйֲ׵ģֻҪ鷳ûҪҪţڷš
֪ˣ˵˵Լ˳һῼǷ㡣
ҶɲɵϣղŮǹӱ뺷˺̵ӡֻȷԼ鷳˲ܰķˣʵһƯŮҲͦġ
½ƺ޲óһҧҶɣڵǳֻ취ԺСӺƣ뵽ҧŴͷС˵Ҳ͵㣬´βаɣ
ʲô´ΣҶ˫һɣ˵Ӧʵǣ֤Ū٣Ҫ汻סƺҲϴ壬̬ȲϿҰ˵һ顣
㡭½̧ͷһɫҶɣ˵ˣǷǷнҿԽץ㡭
žһĻҶ̧һǣأ˵Ƿнƨڷúõģ˭ģ
žڶ죬ʮ㣬½һֻܿɶơ
죿ֱ辯ְҵΪز̣ð˰Ҷ״Ҷ汻Ůˣ֪شʶĸ˵ģʵ֤ǳȷǰվһ
ž죬ˣ½ƷһСҶӿɣŮ˲ߣؼʱ𷴿һֺֿݣһջء
ҶзùĽż˳һסһƣֱӰƷ˴ϣֻһ˩סô޼¡
쵰бҷſ½ͽ͵ţ֪ͣۿѾˡ
ſҶ԰ɣ㵱ɵôҶ˵ɣﲢɣڷ½ƵŮǸ鷳Ǹ鷳ֻ¶ꡣ
쵰һһְͽȥ½ֽűֻʣһ컹ۿˮתת
Ҷ͵ľƣ½䣬Ȼֹ˳۽ǹ䡣
ˣˣŮ˵ᣬƢһԼȥ߰ɣ˵סϵĿһžણӦѣסϵĿһѳϡ
½Ʋˣһ˫ˮϸŶҶɣƺû뵽ԷͻȻŹԼһз·Ƶ̫ʵ˰ӹ⾰Ŵʵߣ
ҶɿЦѵԷ𣿷ģҲκ˽Ҵݡ
½û뿪ʵͲҳȥ鷳
ҶϵЦȻ˵鷳ǲΪ鷳Ͱ㽻ȥĶ߰ɣһûиı⡣
½ҧҧ߹ȥѸٰѶ뻯ױ䣬ӿ첽뿪˷䡣


62 ·粨
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Ҷ֪Ź½Ժܻһ鷳뷨ˣʱ˾ô򵥣ֻİ
ڴͷҶɿһճҶƬϵС棬ĿʳһƬҶһҧֻۣҪҶƬٿʳһЩ͵ҶһͬҶµλþĳ˵
ӿҶҶûŲ֮·һ΢ƽ⣬ȴŴƽһ
أű˴ƿҶɴӴϵͬһʱ䣬СҧҶ磬ɹλãԤеĽȻı䡣
ҶӣСаһξ͸ǳSM˼ҰˣղǶ޵ϡﻩСһҲϧ񣬹
ŴЦ߽͸һ˷ܣûаҶɵ˼Ҫζ
ҶɿЦ˵椶ģұҧһڣû취ֻðϣ֪ҪҪȥ硣
ŮĺԱ½椶ݼƽƽˮǳԣҶɲҴݣֻĬĬϸص˵椶ĳλʮ㣬ƴȥͦеġ
ŴЦСӰ˰ɶûϹ˸һģˣ̯ôֵҵù
Ҷû˵Ժ±ңûȤ
ŴڨЦ˵ĵ¿ηΣķ£Ժ¶аɣ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷʱ䲻ˣȥгɣһҪ׼̯ʳġ
û⣡ŴָǰҶɼ߳˷ţֻСڴϻ
СʱҶʳߵǰڳ׼Կ׿ţźһ¿ˣǰԿ׼һ¹İֻҪǰһ׾׼ȷУȻϳסһݵ¼ңΪİǷ¬׼ѣŸ׻ɫСҪš
ҶڨڨһЦֺ¬׼ޱ߳˷ţڸĵڣͻȻͣ½Ų˵ܸɾ֡˵ӿ첽ֱⷽȥણһտɫСӿ߽ǻ·ߵǳϣᵽ˺ԡ
Ҷʳ߽ţͣһ·䣬ּҾߵ涼˲õøɸɾѹַ뿪ʱʾ⣬˵һСõĹ͡
ٻˡҶһỽ˼ҲûлӦֻ֮һ̧ųյķ˹ȥ
磬ڻ·ڴٻԼٵҶ΢΢һЦʳת߽а˼⣬СѾˣӦԼĿռ䣬ٰѸѧĺϢɣ
ƽܰģνײ裬򵥵ľͺá˰ţＹһ㣬Ｙ㣬˶СԵģ˵زԸڲζҲԸ³ϴ룬Ҷϰÿ³Ҳһ˿ֵ顣
ʰõĹϸȵĻĨϾϣϼƬһƣ¹աصѹλʮϣñͬ˳أҲ
磬㿴ҵ·һϤæţＹҶɷµתͷ˫Ȼһ
ϵٻһɫװȹβɢڼͷ٣ƤһĨЦݣһҶɲŷСĳˣһ¾·ġ
ٻƺµ˴еɻ󣬵ͷ˵磬·¬͵ģ˲ŷֲϲ͸ˣкüڷ䣬㲻ձ˶ɣ
Ҷüͷ˵ٻ粻㣬´α˼ҵĶϲʲôǮ
ٻϷһĨκ죬˵´βˣ¬Ǻˡ
ҶͽȻŴ˵Ļһ˿裬һ˵ٻû˵¬㲻Ǻˣͣ˼ҵĶǵ˵ôµǸƽ档
ٻ¶һ˿ʧ䣬ҧŴͷ˵֪ˣ¬ҾͰ·ô
ҶСóģһ̣˵û·Ҳûˣٴȥϲ·ҪѧˣܵôƯƯġ׼ֲȥһΣСܰί
ѧܸѧôٻϵʧʱֵ˷ܣϲ˳Ȼ䡣


63 ӭ
Ҷֳϵطտ̯ʳʣζζȴ嵭࣬Сʱȥᣬƽʱţ⴮ʽﰵƣ׼λ˵ԭ
˰Σһ˳һһտ̯ǰ
򣬴ͷᣬͷԻѣָཱུͷظһ飺Ҫ
ҶϵӣսǸСϰ壬ǰչ⣬رϲţ⴮ǰÿ϶߬һѿ䴥֮ǣ֪Ϊʲô͵㼸ᡣ
ҶֽİϷﲻʵϰ壬첻㿾ţ⴮ô
ҡͷ˵Ҫ֮ͣˣڵһ¾ƣл֮裬˵ſϻ⼸Ǵȥҹģ˵ָ˵Ҫ
Ҷ΢Ūԭ¾ƳϾƣÿƵһȥ϶ἱתֱ£вᣬתһʵҲ԰Ѹʱ侫Ͷ뵽ΪСȵѧҵҲа
򿾵ý㣬Ҷòͺͬϴװõݸ˽ӣ˵ϰ壬ģúáһ׼Ǯ͵Ǹ˼⻮һԲľš
лˣ´Ⱦơ룬ӹƫƫưɽֳȥ
Ҷʰװֳһǰľưɣ̧˹ȥһνưɣҲһΡ
ưڵղ֣ĵƹ¿СԲٱƷŮһ޹²̾ƻϵζ˹ڶƣ·˵ҹļįοһſżȶֳʵġ
ưмһͻأԲ̨ʱûߣֻһֱĸֹܣڵƹӳ˸ŽĹ󣬰̨棬һ˷Ĵ̨յٲȻҫ۵Ĵڣͬһҫ۵һλ췢ŮʦеĽҡַԾ˸϶ҶȻھưɽǰ˼̯濴ǿҲֻǰȾƵĿˣŮˡ
ҶĲ̨ʫڰ̨ԵһŸ߽ԲϣָһֻӨˮ㶳
ʫ㣡
ʫӦһûлͷ͵תеɫҺ˦ɳΣɫ죬·ŲСۡ
ҶӣôˣʫѾµ˴𰸣̲סһ䡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦʱҲô˵ưɺȾƵʱҪ뿪ʱ
ʫ¶һĨӵı飬߽ҶǿһЦȾơ
Ҷߵ̨£ƫͷʫЦЦʫ㣬ʵҺܺȵġ
ʫЦȶ٣㶼룬˭ǽСҶأ˵ֶ̧Եʦ˸ָ˵Ӣһ֮衣
аӢĺ췢ʦ΢΢˵°ֿͣסҡ̴ٵĽףһְֻһŵ䱭Ѹװ뼸鷽ͽȻֱȥһС飬ͬһ˲䣬ҡ㵹һˮʻ뱭У߷һָֻڱһ㣬ڲ̨ϻһֱߣƫͣҶǰ
Ɑ֮裡ʫЦЩ֪¾ƵĳҶӰ죬ھΣưɲһο¾ϾƱ޿ɷ顣
ҶƱоָһ˿ȸУյһСڣֻһůڴɢ˳к¡
ͦҵģյӻҡҶɵһ䣬ָܿодһûҾƵոУ̸Ŀ˵Ҵˣԣȥ˿˿ģܲҲƲտԭ򣬾ʱһҾƵĴʱԿ˸оտⳢκζ
ʫ˵Ҷӣǻлô
ҶһںȹⱭоƣЦ˵ȻлᣬҲԾưɺȾƵģҺСסڽԷС˺¥
ʲô׼ѵķӣʫֶһ£ЩѾƱڵϡ
Ҷɷ¾Ʊ˵˭ķӶסˣûʲôֵôСֵİɣ
ʫ˿ھƹ£˵Ҷӣ֪סô
Ҷҡͷʾ֪ʫǺЦƵ˵סڽԷСź¥ӭԺ󾭳š


64 
ʫ¬׼һڵıƽʱ󲿷ʱھưɣֻеȾưɴȲŻؼϢټıʦӢס̸ʲôΪи
ҶЦҺСøѧ¶ѾˣҪѧˣԺʱһȥš
ʫֳ̧ӢָӢҰѼƿ·ʮù
ӢҡתӾƼȡһƿƣ˳̨滬˹
ʫƿҶɵһЦ˵ǽأԡ
ҶɶƱͷһںȸɣ˵㣬Ʋ˰ɣ
·ʮ˵жʮζһ˵ֱֻܷʮζϣ־ܵľƳķ㣬ƷζܳʷζҶһƴţĵȵǸ졣
ʫЦ󣬲ʲôþƶȵģû˺ȵľƿƯҲ״ϲͺȣﻹкüƿ
ҶҲƿٵһûӹ꣬ǲСš
ʫѹʵҶӣԺ󻹻ô
Ҷҡҡͷˣ׼ҵڣԺʱԼ㶫Ҳ
ʫʣ˾ûԴСԺô
ҶЦ˵ǰЩŽԵֵǮһǮʡŵúܳһʱڲΪǮⷢˡ
ʫʣеθ֮࣬Ц˵ðԭ㷢ˣʵ˵׬˶٣
Ҷ˿ھƣ˵ڻ׼һճĶСβ˳ãоͼտ£ֻҪڿ⡣
ʫЦŵ˵ͷ˵ûֻҪڿԼʲôѱʫ㡣
УҶЦӦһƱһںȾ˵ʫ㣬һٺһ֮衣
ʫЦû⣬ֻҪϲȸʹ졣
ҶɵлߵʦӢǰѿձ£Ӣһۣ˵ֲɱĴһ
ҶɸоӢ˿˿ģָͷϻһϼ룬վһԵȴԺȻһ죬аƣôʱˣ
Ժиֳһ߲ʹȦСˣİӢһģһСֱ϶һƺ·ϻϵİƣȥЩ졣
Ӣн޳Ƴϵʾ𣬺ܿͱһɳƵŮϣľƣ
Ҷ͵ĻعӢѾһƵǰֻ⣬˲һ־С
ллҶɵлƱߵʫԣ˵ʫ㣬ⱭҾˣԺʱһ᳣ġ
ʫͻȻָһѣЦ˵СҶӾ𣬽ԽԽϲˣҪͰͬӰɣ
ҶûϵͻȻһ˵һʱ侹֪ôˣϵ¶ȼаѱоһںȹ⣬ȻǺһ󼱿ȡ
ʫϲҶɶĿ⣬ϲģֻϧҪˣܾҲٻصǰ뵽ϵ΢΢һ
Ҷɺòֹס˿ԣѾƱϰ̨Ц˵ЦôСĸ̫ڡ
ʫת۾ͻһģҧ´˵Ҷӣ᲻ߣ绰ɣʱʱϵ
Ҷֻܰѵ绰£л첽뿪˾ưɣʫģһϼٱ鰢ӷҲѳֲס
ʫҶԶȥıӰ̾˿µĿձа棬ָڱỮ·ܸܵһ˿塣
Ӣ֪ʱѾҡ棬ɳƵʵϲô
ʫҡҡͷֵ˵ͷҾģ᲻á
ӢһеľƱ͵˵Ҳоر𣬵رҲ˵
Ŷʫ̧ͷŰӢһĨǳǳĻȣ˵˵˺ܶ໰Ϊô
Ӣ°һޱ˵ǰܾû˵ô໰ˣھư˼ֱ߽꣬ưɲŷر𣬾һָоǴҲ˵
ʫ΢΢һЦ׼ѵķӣԺǻкܶ棬˵ͰؼҳˣҵСˡ
ֻҪϲͺãӢ˵һ䣬̧ʳָüͷɢм̨һߣҡơװܶʼ·ȫʱʱֱֵԳһֺرƺ䣬ơ


65 
峿бմ̨ʯֵֻ̿ȸߴߴҶֳֵֻֿȸ˦ǣžžֻּһﳳøˣ·̸˵
̫ˣ綼ǡҶһƵİѵŻϣִӴץֻȿµʳһѣԺһˣԼŴȥֲԣǼһǷȱʱӰ
ٻһԿ飬ＱǵģסЦͿ˵磬ȥһҪСģˡǰҶɾŵȥתƣһһͷĺëҰӲ׷˼·ϴŽȴִ˲ƣܲʡġ
ҶɺٺЦ˵ĺˣȥרĵطЩҰҰɶģûΣաҰǵ飬Сڼҵġ
ٻü΢̾һ˵磬˵㣬治ǸǮٻһǸϾһ·ˡ
ҶиϰߣԷʱܻÿ߷һЩȤ½Сһݿ֣⼸ŴһȤ£ȻҲһЩû뵽Сõĵġ
ҶЦһ˵ٻٲͬİѸ統ѣģʲôʲôеףǵǰ˵ôֻҪߵ·Ͳᡣ
ٻû˵ʹ˵ͷŴ磬ԭеЩҲ֮ɢ
䡪⴫һ죬ŴرĴɤƮڣҶӣСôˣڵͷ׷۰ȥ
ҶһЦתһСܳţŴ΢ЦվɫܾһԣŸűͰε¼ӽǰĴк磬˱վţȥ
ŴϵıͰ˹Ц˵ҾͲȥˣͷۣȺ쭹ȥ˳СôһݣýȥԣţͰҪˡ
ҶЦҳԹˣ۸Сͽȥл˰˵űͰתܽ˻һСҲ֪װǵ
Ŵ촩һǳɫװһѼñȥӣҶȤĻҵһ¹ǱԵȻ˾ֹȥγ棬ָմ˲䣬ӺȻ
ҶֻܷεϵðȫŴٿ񿪷ɻ˵һʱ俼ǵȫ⡣
ܾһ˵ܲǸǵģŴٵĳǴģ۵糸һ쭣˲Сʱ͵Ͻֲһƽɽ£ɽɽһƬտض̵ĽդΧס޷߷ɵǸ޷ӳƬΧǣֻǵ׷¶رӡ
ֲӴĶǻԱͨҪûԱʸþһϵˣǸ߶˴ϵΣǸ̼ںǲǶ˽û͵ûѯʣԳɱȥװǵòȻĳɹʿ
ϰѦǸͷԵˣڰͬʱϤľӪԼҵֲѾСÿµҲ൱ɹۡ
˵֮齨ڡһϣһͬһ𿸹ǹһǽһֹߣΪĴ˹ͬľŻȹ̣˰һԵһֶֽΣʵ֤µĽʷʽЧԶڳԷȾƵȴͳ罻ʽ֮ϡ
ֲԹΪΪ˱ǰȫ䱸ֳǹԱȮԴҲھֲʱ裬ֵβõȮӵҲͬ
ӪԳϿ⣬ʵΪǸˬǮҪЩ䣬ʲôҰҰɵ¹֮㲻˴ҵʱʱҪŪЩʴеڿζֻҪϳǮܵرȤ
ŴֲͣʱѾͣ˲󲿷ֳϿ󣬵ڶĳƺȴӲ淴Ӧ˳˵ݣϲʵ٣Բʷӹкѳͣλ³Էȴŵǰ
һĶʵԲʷǷò˵λǻԱֲʾĻԱ
ȡѦɸĿƬ˹ȥԲʷӽһۿƬֵݸˣЦ˵λ
ŴüͷʵѦôǿԼ˵ġ
ԲʷӵͷڵģѦڽӴɻλȥװѡֵԾߣǰµ˼Ժǿ˾ȮҿԴλȥơ
ɻѦôˣǻǳ򡣡Ŵ¶һĨı飬ĿѸͣһɨһűյΰͶԽҰµûӦþݡ


66 ɻ
ԲʷӼŴ˵ͷ¶һ˿΢Ц˵Ҳ֪ڹȦܴҹչʾһ¹Լɣ
ŴЦǻǳź򣬵ҲɾСѦѿ˵ԲʷӰ˰֣ʾǰ·
һ·ҶƲסеĺ棬ʵ磬ղ˵Ǹʲôˣ𣿡
ŴͷÿһҶȦﶼԼǣȦе滬ȦлԵȦͬվڶɻǹȦڵǣ˵һһңүүǱԺյֱϵҲӳиҵĵϰСܽӴܶೣ޷ӴĶǿȸܶ۴˶ʮ깭ڹھһָ
Ҷ޵лȥʶʶﱧһܵͷ뿴λежԱһµ׼ͷжࡣ
ŴƲƲɣ˵ǼһƢܳ׼ĺ˵˾Ǹʹͳİ鳣ֵԼģľͺá
Ҷɵͷģʲô۲ȥͣʹҰҰɶĹ񫡣
ŴЦźù˵Ե÷¹ܼӹڣƤӿоֲѥƤʲôģҲһȤ
Բʷھֲڶ˰ȦһŽյǰд֣ⷿãޣš
֨ѽһ򿪣վŸձˣͷ˪ϲƣֻɫĻƹ⣬һſڵˣ
ӹǲ䣬ǽɡձֶסͿ˼תֿȥ
ԲʷӶЦЦ岻ãҴҲһ
˸ֿ߽⣬ߵļڷŸָϹ󣬵õĸϹᵽУСĿѡṭĿѡعǰҪ˳
ͱȽϼˣֻҪϺü׼Ŀ۰УЯԱˣҶɴû󣬶ֳ൱ĺ棬ŴܿѡһعͼˣתͷȥҶɻڶһѹֵַŻؼϡ
ҶӣСŪѰʮعɣʺ㡣ŴִӼһѸϹҶɣϴһ˿׽Цݡ
Ҷֽ̧ӹϹ˵࣬ٹ˫һϾણ˸׼һΣŵͷ˵ѵˣȥҲ鷳
ûϹʮع죬ݹŴһѣվһԵҲ̲סĴָ޵߯ˣʮĹֲݱټˡ
Ҷ˼ۣü˵ⶫŹָӵģҾû絯ʹ
˫۵ɵԲһм˵ͬϹȣҰӻУҪɽ¹֮Ĵһֻиɵ۵ķݿ
ҶҲøʲô˸ڼϡŴײһżһԵ˻ΣҶӣҪҪ
Ҷɷ¹߹ȥԵһüͷ⵶⼣߰ߣмСȵȱڣ˭ȥʹˣһʧİѵʶ˼ӣ˵ˣһǲҪˣղŲ˵˼ùôҪȥƣ
ŴЦУȥԹǶ﷽㡣
Ц˵Ȯ棬λȮ
õĹ뿪ֿУԼôӹ⾰öߴһͳ޺ء
ŴͻȻһ¶ͣ½ŲƲ˵ѦСӴӦǰųùȥ
ˣСˡЦŴתͷȥѦɿ첽ิϹӣһͷиۣǿݶӡĹһ̣üб쵽ұǣȥָ룬⸱ݿһ۾ܱ˼ס
Ŵ߽ѦɣʵСҲҵģ˵ɣô˼
Ѧ¶һ˿εЦݣ˵ûʲô˼ҴѡȮ˳ǿ
ŴƫͷһЦСӱʲôһŮ޶İϷǼͷҰǿֵġ
ѦҡͷһЦѹ˵أҪԵĲҰǣһͷ߰ٹصĴܣҪҪһȥƣ


67 ޳
ɻһºţ򣬴湭ͿʼɱҰʮɱͨ᲻ȤһִͶԶȱɱȤǾܣϵ˾Ƕǰһͷµģֶֻܵȼɱ¾Ļ档
Ѧ֪ã⻨ǮŪһͷӴܣ뽭ɻֲ֧һʿɹ۵ĳ⻹޷ܾΪľùһɣԺֲһ
Ŵһͷ߰ٹصĴ˫Ȼһ̧ͱѦؿһȭЦģС߯˼кöϽȥۡ
ѦɺٺһЦתԽɻ˵ɻ֣Сһ£λСܵĺѣ٣Ҷ١
ɻ˵˵ͷ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣòҲͷ˸кһ˸ѦɳϷȥ
ֲʱĵطǸɽԺӣΧǺĻǽѦŴ߽Ժţһɴ̱ǵȳζֱǿףټԺڿǽڷʮСǿյģһװŸֶԺ뻹ͣһ泵ԲʷæŰﶯ׼ʳ
ԺţѦɴҽ滹һſϵĽţǿģԿһб£ȥде֡
һشװһͷܣӴ˸ҪŲӶѣſֻƵų죬һ˫ƹС۾ˡ
ͷ깫ܣӴ֤ǰʳ㣬׻˵ִҲΣյģͷҰǴʳ˵Ĵػ˲
Ѧָ˽ܣһ߰һʮ幫˵ץڿһͷǹǹŵ£⼸ûιʳֻдڰ뼢״̬ܸõķҰԣģ͵òУƣϵڵˡ
ɻ۴ܣӲҧ˵񣬺Ҳһ˼
ѦЦʵ֪ɻ׼淨
ɻ̧һָܣ˵һ䴩ĸƣ䴩ĳͣȻЩƤĲλϼѪòһ䴩ĺ
ѦɲûֲпɱʽʲôףЦʵһȫ㣬ùķɣɻֲɣ
ɻ˵ԣһҪ󣬲׼֪֮Լȱš
ѦЦû⣬ǲʱȸĿĵطʱɾ
׻˵˵ֶ̣˵ɻѦɵİ൱⣬ͷûٶ˵ʲôֿʼϸĹ۲еָͣ黭Ȧ·ǰӴһεļУʱڱעɸġ
໡һذ˵Ŀ˹ȥԺӶķĸ⼣߰ߵػɫҰǣ겻תȦһſ˵
Ұһװ룬еĴͷȻǿ͵ĶֻҪͲ
ŴҶɿ첽ߵԣָҰһ˷ܵ˵һﹻԣųȥ϶ܽɽ治ס
ҶҰǣ˵ⶫܴɽһҵǱܵٶȺܿ죬㿴ûӰˡ
ŴЦȤڵʧ֮䣬ǶɱȮȫȥҪ򲻵ҲûϵѦСӿ϶а취Ǵ
ҶɶȤȱȱǰӺмӴɽżҲܿҰǣֻЩģ˾βͶ㿪Զǰ⼸ͷ׳׺
ɻվԵѦ˵ˣȰŻɽϻһ½ǡ
ãѦЦЦֶ̧վڲԶԲʷӻ˻ӣһ˲泵һһ۵ߵ˹ܵԣѻӲϣſһС
泵ԣޱȵİƽ̧𣬻ʻһߵĽţ߬ӵԲʷӽڳԡ
ˣӷµλ룬ߵļз첻һƣ߬ͷԲʷһеӣֻžһ泯ַ򿪣ſĴһ°ͷ̧û߳ŵ˼
ԲʷͷӺһߵԣ¿ذѵӡ
žĴӾҲ˼£һȥ


68 ˽Ȯ
Ĵܱܵб֣ܿʧ֮УûɣݵɶζĿʼ
ѦתߵŴǰЦ˵磬Ҫ⼸ͷҲųȥ
ŴͷŰɣȫˣⶫܣ´鷳
ѦЦҡͷ鷳һ㶼鷳˵ʱӿڴͳһֻݸŴֶ̧Բʷ˸к
Ŵһе⣬˵üһͲɽҴܿ
ҶǰյŴԣŵһֻСҺĻϱעиλԵһ˸ݵĹ㣬̵ۼһ𣬺ڻƶ
ĸ̵Ұǣƶĺշųȥõܣ϶΢ͶλѸǵλ⻹ܱͻҪڱϰȫͬʱôƷԵȤ
ѦɵĽܼ׶ܺҰǶޣҪΣսͣ˸ﶨλ⻹רŵԱǶǾḻ֣Ӧκͻ״
泵ѸٿǰողŵķƥҰһ˳ȥЩһ̴֣ܲͬܳܽ˹ߴ١
ŴվһԵȺ˵ȥ˼ˣСҲԱİɣ͸۸ǻˡ
¶һĨϲɫæ˵λұ֤õȮȷǾֲԱ֮һͣΪ˵ȴʵĿˣλʯѵѡ
ԺӸھһȮᣬʮȮ߼Ť١ࡢŸߡڱţϸ˾Ʒַ࣬缶Ȯﶼҵ
ȮƽʱбŵרչǵʳѵҲר˸Ǿ˻ʱ䣬Ծ鷢ֵרԺõȮĻܶ࣬ԵǴ֪ѡĸŵȮ
ҶȮ˰Ȧתͷʵû𣿡
ЦǰһᣬǼһģͣܳ죬ɵɽϸ̫үƵģѦֱпӵиС㿴ϻǮˣκһȮ˦֡
Ҷ¶һ˿죬ʵȮʲôǮ
пϲڼǮҪѦٺ;ϴλСỨ˼˵ǹȣҪǿ˵һҸкǮ˵ÿһȮԱԵõһʿɹ۵ĳͣϴǸļһ;׬λ
ŴҶɼЦе˵¶֪ĴСҲʶֻҪܹԹ㴲ȥ
ϹɶʱʶôһŴС㣿Ҷɷ˸ֻۣŴſڿӡ
ŴЦǵûôᣬ֪¶кͰҵĲ˹èҧˣһٶȥ˾˿Ź
ҶƲ˵ܼңŮ˭̯˭ùһù
ŴŻȤҪϲ͸㣬һֱɫ
סҿɲϹϵ˵ҶֱŤͷŴ٣ע˹ϡ
ȮǳϤֻҪǰ̻ͣӦĽܡ
жǾܹϸѵȮƺѾϰ˱˿ȥвٻҡβͣ﷢ֺõؽͻȻҶ뵽˲ǰҰǣԶİҡβ﷢ֻг
໡һشҶɵ˼ѭȥڱǽһ⼣߰ߵһĴ׹ͷС۾ͷ˫ȥ¿ŵǰһֻȱ˱ߵ룬ʢŰˮϵ׷
Ҷ̧һָ׹˵ҾҪˣ
ϵı΢΢һ㵣˵Ҷ٣Ȱ㻹ǻһɣǹе⡣
Ҷüʵʲô⣬ѵȮ𣿡׹ĵ˲һֺرĸоһù
ڨЦ˵׺ǰǳõ֣һϰߣÿβ׽ﶼֱӸˣ˺һԼԵѡĿ˺ܲˬͶ߶Ѧپ˼˾ȮҲöͻͼ۱
Ȯְǰ˲ԣǲҲҪԹԵ£˽ԶһַǳӵΪ޷ܳԹʣµĶ
Ҷνİ˰ֵûϵҾҪˡ


69 ްԽ
ȻҶɼҲ޻˵߹ȥӰа׺˾Ȯǣ˳
ŴţһʵĶòﵫҳϣǶȮǿ׳ģǿģ˵һҧסĶסҲɿڡ
ţһ˾ȮټǿʸöԸƣڱҰǴ´࣬οһλǹԱԣ˵һûĵɱ¾
Ҷɲϲ湭԰ѹϣȡ⣬Ҳʲôһѵˡ
׼׵ǣɽϽſײ˹ˣͷи·
ɽ·߷ͨҪһС䣬սֶ߾ʹҶͣϵĿѭżеķһɨߵκηӦѾһŸ顣
⡪ʮéݴзһֻͷǵͨ¡
ˣŴһַſһֻȮѵصȮһݴԣת۾͵һֻ󹫼
ŴӹȡҰһ˿ڣתͷЦСѲӴ˸Դ
ҲһۣĴָ޵׼ͷǰһ治֪
ҶɵһЦָ̧һ˵ҰͦģǱ߻һֻĸſţŷ̶
Ŵ˳ָķȥֻéݣûʲôĸϵĹݸסҶһʵôûĸ
ҶҲ𻰣˦һ˹ȥݴһֻҰ𣬿˼֡
ŴҲĴָ޵ˣСⵯȸϹ׼ˣˡ
ҶЦЦĺôɣʮ׼ͷͲˣϹ󣬴Ұǻϡ
ŴЦУڸϣȿǶĶȥˡ˵ӿڴͳѦɸ׷һۣ¶һĨı飬һȥҰôܻһˣ
ʲôҶɸϽǰ˫۽׷ĸɫһߣһĺ㣬˵ƥҰǸڴ¶ˡ
Ҳǰһۣ˵òë˰ɣ
ŴüͷָŴܵĺ˵ܣƥǸţ׷Ӧû⣬ˣѲҰǸʶ
뵽ʲô˵˵ܺҰǶǴͬһƬץģ˵Ҳûпܡ
Ҷɵʵ׼ʲôѲһҰްԽ
ŴüͷչһĨ˷ܵЦݣ˵ǸϽȥƣ˵ܿʲôϡ¶
Ҷɺһۣͬʱ˵ͷ˿첽ȥ
뿪󲻾ãֳعĽɻͬԲʷһ˹ϸǣȮһԲŸDV
ɻ׷üšһĴ֣ԽʮûֵܸƥҰǺĳ޷Ĭ۵һͬһƶû֪ǵҪʲôֻиϹȥ
ѹϣǴӲƹȥסܡɻ̧ùһָϷӦѾȳָ˹ȥ
ꤵܴŴǰܣƥҰǣһֻҰãֵûͣӣǽڴ
ںľͨ˵ϣһƥҰǵߵǰ£ǰ˹ڴߴʳ
ܺ괭˼ڴͷǰҰãӵҰſһʱʱͷһ±ӣӣѡ˰ʳܡ
һֻҰöʳ˵㲻ʲô¾̽˸УڶƥҰ߹ȥҰ÷ǰſ£ʳ
ܺܿ˵ڶֻҰã˦˦ԴǰܣܵٶѾࡣ
һƥҰ̧ͣͷʱеζͻȻǰԾǰ໽ŤͷȥѾٽ㣬ܲˣ̵ֻĸҰ
һǰһӹ⾰ͣǰ״һ͵б£Կб¾ͷһĽΧΧһƬӲݴĿҰ
Ҷɲµûһ׼һҰްԽſҰǵͺ쳤ͷƥҰǵ߹ȥǰֻôӹ˹ûнʳۻˣҪúϢһָܻ
ҲˣƥҰſԣ˫۾ͬһ򣬻Ȼ֪һμͷ˺󻺻׼˴ܺơ


70 ˾
ಣЮһƿһ׼ȷƣͷྡྷδ˵棬ʹĴ̧ͷһƵİ͵վ
κζڶ֧ǰ䵽ޱȵļͷᴩһֻƣβһĽĩһϡ
ɻõһƼμͷ񵹴̰㿨סϵڼβĽмǿԣһܾܳҵϾͲͬˣĸͬʱ̶ڶͽ͡
໡ƥҰͬʱһŭԼٶĽɻȻӭǵ͵Ȯ
ȮͬһȣķܹȴУצ˺ҧŶԷƤ⣬̴ٵļϿջصȮһŵҰѾ޷вɻİȫŹٴ׼ǰơ
Ĵʹ໲ҽУϰ͵һ̧վһ֧طɹֻѪ˿۾Ұ˺ҧȮͻȻͷһۻŭͳһֻȮ
˵ĴΣյģʹ׵ȼѪҺеԣٶȺ˲ﵽ۷壬ݼ޴ѾȮԣǰƶȮͷݺһɨ
ءȮֻüһļУһǿƥľɨɳȥʱԴѪģ¶ײҲҵͷǣ֫鴤ȥ
ŭûаͣ٣ŤתһͷȮɺϵĽӲɲͣ˽ŲռǰҲȮӡ
ಣ׼ȷһֻǰƣӴλһƬ޵Ļ򣬲ôҲ޷ٿȮֻͽ͵ýʣһֻĴԵľ
ɻһ֧ŲԶܣԲʷӰѼ׼Ȯ˺ҧҰǣһDVѪһĻ
ಣЮ̧ǰƣɻϵĳС鶯̷·һŤ򼣬ԭªӸ˼ֻҪһ䴩ƾͶɽǰ˵Ļ䴩ֻƣȻһ
໣һƥҰԾ𣬼ͷ䴩ͷӲͷǰѼοסһƥ˽ɻųĺԣһֱ׳ķʽѺԱЦ
ɻһ㶣ֱͦͦڵϣŵı飬һʱ侹˴䡣
𡪡ŭƴȫ𣬾һȻѿеļͷӲ˳ͷȥҰǣתб¡
ϴҪɻԵԲʷһͺѹŹ׼ܺԡ
ԣһ֧ǰ׼ȷͷѾߵб±ߵĴһͷԵ޴˳б¹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ƥҰǸȮ˺ҧֳʤƥҰǱ˺ѺܣðϸݵѪʣʣµһƥҰҧȮ˳֡
˵ȮѾ׷ߵҰǣԴſڵϴɻ첽ߵб±ȥ˲浹Χϣ޴Χѹ˺üס
ɻб±ߴվ˼ӣҧתбĳһ֣ߣ
ٶ뿪˵ȮҲᣬ뿪󲻾ãһƥҰǴܳһȮԣſҧ
ಣһ֧ɶͷ˲䴩͸Ұǲӣ޴Ĺ԰˸˼µȥ
ŴֳָϹһ˺ϱĴ˳ȥҰ̾˿˵籾ɱ㣬Ͳ
ҶɺǣŹһô˳ʵڽɻǰѾˣĿⳡѰɱ¾ܺҰ֮սţûֲͬҲ빲
ҶߵŴԣ˵㲻ɱҲ˶ãӶˡ
Ŵͷһ¸ȻһѪĻڣһسӴӻ˳Ҷ˵ģ㲻һҲ˶ãװʹࡣ
ƥǱսǰŪƥôҲҪŪֻƳҴ֣ѹ˩ϣҶžСŴǸıռ˵뵽һԿĺð취ֻƴȥ
ͷһЦãġ˵ǣŹߵһС˩ãγһԵŴһб¡
ҶеģߵԶӣһץסŴͷļϰһѪ˳żͷ˳мֱϣƺܸоһȡ
ԭ˩Сϵİ׺֪ʱƤԼٶȳб£ҶɼҴܵб±ϣֻһӰܴΧǽȱ˳ȥתۼʧããҰ֮ڡ


71 Ʒ粨
һ̭Ȯ㲻ʲôο˾Ȯ۸񲢲ߣѦҲĨŴ⳥һרĵҽԵѸиƣܵȮƤ̧һ£ƻ˳Ͽ˸ѹҵܵ˳
Ҳжһֻƣ˿б£һû
ѦΪֲɻܵȤŴҲܳԿŪֻƺһܵ˵̵ܳԽʵݡ
ɽ·Ҷɵ˦鷢ֻֻҰãϱŴҰǣջʢǿ׳Ȯʱ˹ôװܣҲʡ˲
յɽ¾ͿһȺŸɽͷǽɻԲʷӣŴüͷҲûж˵ʲôаƿ϶ɽ̧ͷܵģѵѦɰ͸˽ɻ¶ҪʸײźãѦ
뵽Ŵٴӿڴͳ绰׼¶Ѧ˵ףʱһڱŴܵһûεĴڳһֻѪܵ¶˳
ԲʷӸɴԾϵıٿȻһ䣬һͷǰһƣҧģϴԵܱ˼˱ˣҪĶһԲʷͳ绰תʮоڸɻ
Ŵһ⻰ɲˬˣֻ˵˭Ҫأ
ͷ˫һģ˭ĶϴӾ˭צӾ͸翩
ڱҲһзûŴָҹӷڣల¿ԴһʱԷ
ŴЦɽĶӸһֵһԣ˭˭˵
ģھͶ㡣ͷһŭȣִӺγһԵŴپͳ壬ճͱԵԲʷһס˱䡣
嶯¶ϴ˵ˡλǸסǿѹסͷĻŶŴ١
ŴͷȻ˵ʲôڱһĶֵػֲǼҰţ쵹Ҫ˭ҶӶѹûʲôǰļһͷĻ
磬𣬶ᣡͷ󺹵ѦɴԶ𼱻ǵ˹ղɻһ¶̰ȸ˹Ŵиֳ壬ٺݵĵǰ
Ŵ̧һָͷ˵ãһҪԸ綯ӣ¶˵զɣ
ѦĨһѶͷϵȺ˵磬һᣬұΪС˺غڰŴ̫ˣͲֳ˵ɻҲ̫ţëƤС¾ˣᣬû˷
Ŵһ˵˵ˣҰֵܵģһܹȥȫŪ˸Ҳû˵ɶڼֻҪ۶ӣ˵˵H𣿡
ѦɿЦ磬¶ԹңղӦݰٲΪرҴӦƤ͸һᣬҸӣ¾ôô
Ŵ˵ƤֻߣŪֻƺһҲû˵ЩɣԸӣǸõĴǸ¾͵û
Ŵٱֳ㹻ĴȣѦΪѣںֵǰҲܶ棬ǸǸԷһ̨ס
ѦΪѣһͳӣѵˣٵǸ
˵ǽɻѦһ߹պ˵̸
кӵİͷҧԵջر󣬵ͷߵŴǰӳ˵٣ҴˣԲ𡣡
Ŵ̧СĴָ˿۶ףƵ˵˵ʲô̫С
Ŀһݣ˵٣Բ𣡡˵ʱ˫ȭ޲һȭѶԷҳӡ
ŴЦЦ䶼ˣˣȥ˵ľƣҲûϡ
һߵɻԣʵϴƤۻҪҪ
ɻЦҪȻҪȥ˳ͳӳһ̣¾ơѦɿе֪Ŵۺİ׵Ϣ˵Ĵ㣬ǸܼǳˣһŵΪ¸ۡ
ӵͷӦãȥ졣˵˻ֺʲôüһɽ
ѦɼԲҲ˿Ŵ˵磬ҪҪһȥİٲ
ŴһЦٲеˣɸҲʶһλ֣ʮġ


72 
ٲָһٲҶӣݹŴļִһ˾ѻǹǧ׼ȷĿ꣬ɳ̭ùٲ˷ëǣƺŵĽɻҲﲻİٲʮҲ
ѦŴĻΪȻЦ˵磬𳵲ƵģţƤǴģҪҵʮСܾһӮСܷһ¿˵ʱĿͶ򽭷ɻ黹ҪͷͬС
ɻЦ˵дȤֻ֮áԼıʮ㣬ŴǲǴţһ¿˵൱ġ
ŴٺһЦλõĲǹ׼ͷȹ
Ѧ¶һĨ׽Ц⣬٩磬˵λָòǹɣǿ˵ãûҩ߶⡣
Ŵҡҡͷһ˵ǹǵƤĵ
ҶƲƲ죬֪ŴٽĿ϶Լɶã̫ɻ湭ʱʱ䶼ǿˮ͵汾£˱Ȱʤ㶼ûС
ԣѦֵùЦôҲû뵽Ŵ˵Ǹ浯ģСƨȫûпɱԣٺҲʤ
ɻ̿Ц˵Ҳϵ̨ûʮ˵Цˡ
˿粽ʮϣʮҲʮϣĸһܴߣľ̸׼ǸЦһǡ֣ɡ
Ŵ΢΢һЦ׼׼ȹ֪ϲ㶪ҪӮ˻һóֺ¶һԲ⻰˵ԵҶģСӷſģⳡӮҪ
ѦɿЦ磬ǴֵܿأˣϽ绰ֽйӮ
ŴЦô绰˵־Ҷӡ
Ҷ֪˵ԼͲͷƲס˼£ܸɻּĸֱһȵȷǼ˷ܵ¶ӮҪ
Ҷӣ㲻ǿЦɣѦһҶɡ
ŴЦ㿴ЦҶ浯׼׼򳵰ɣ
ɻ¶һ˿Ĳм˸˵ܺãһʮӺг˵תֱ뿪Ҫ׼񵯹ⴧڶ
ŽɻԶѦŴٵ˵磬ȷҶܸ𣿴ڰгϰٸĽѿţ˳
ŴһĨ仡˵ɻиºŽа֪ϰôô
ѦɺҶͬʱҡͷŴģִʱŴٸ˸Ƶģ·ɢһݺ⡣
Ŵ˵ʮǰɻڱһԣײһͷܣϵİ̾ǴµģԺͺܣʼ뾡һа취ɱǣɴ֤һܼǳ𡣡
Ѧ¶һĨȻı飬˵˼ɻŽ飬һᱨ
ŴЦЦСһҵĵװɣֻɫһûϣҶӸһ޷ΪôصļһҶһӮ
ҶɿЦ˵ôҰԺ׼Զ˾Ͳ˵
ŴһҶɼЦ˵СֺرĶÿζܴ˾ϲָоһӮ
ҶɴӶһ˹Ƥ˵ǾԣҺҴƽʱ᲻Ҫóˡ
ƤдСƽʱҶõһСĹƤֻҪ׼СЩҲܸ˺õһǿƤڱ֤׼ͬʱܼһҪǰξͻɱ⸱ƤӦû⡣
ѦһҶеĵЦ˵ҶӣڿʼŴĻˣӮһټһƤװ
ҶɻƤ˵ǹŵĲ´Ьģˡ
гھֲ棬һƬأǰʡĳֲѵֲӪƵգѦɻǮʱгϲԿǿУר˽ڸֹԼɣһˮƽ˺ܿɽܹԵȤ
гϸ֣ɻҪչʾĹԼգĪѾڰгΣȴڹȦ۵ǣ͵ļǹͬԸ
ˣɻ


73 ˻
ɻɻ֪λѸߺһɻ֣һʱǣϰѺɤƵ۸ߺмŮѾȻɤӴ󺰣ɻҰ㡭
ɻع첽߽гŮѶʱˣҲ̫ˣȫżɱ׼ǴҰɼ˵޳࣬ûĸŮԸλһȡ
ѵνɻǺİ࿴ۻͦζģ˺Ӻѫ
ɻƺҵգ־ع΢ЦƵƵ⣬ϵ̺ƵСŤһλ˷˧֣һһôʮ˵λѣӭֲɻΪϰٲĹԾĿԴ
ɻߵг룬׼һĲһ鳤̨̤ǰֲȻǱݰٲǳҪôȶѾ˰š
΢Ц˵λѣչʾ֮ǰҲһʫԣ¶ԵѽһرǾɻǩ񸴺Ϲһѡ
ҰҪʼԿᣬѿֳյľǳ仰ڣֵ̾ҶڴܻһǩĸϹ
˵Ϳɤӣһɫ뼸УΪŶͱ𣬳۾硣˵ʫصһֲ뵽֡
䣬гѸ߸߾֣湭ԵĶһ˶Ǹѧһ׹ʫѲǣֻһ֪˭ˣ
ЦŰѻͲ쵽ɻǰ˵ǵѡһλѣŮ
ɻĿھֵһɨָ̧һλģŮ˵ˣװǸ
Ů¶һĨϲɫ첽ߵ˸ǰӹĻͲ˵ʫƴʫ˰׾׵ʫصֲ
΢Ц˵ϲشȫȷ֪ƴӽʫģһƴӽ仹ԻһݸĽƷ֪ǷԸһأ
ŮЦЦ˵򵥣Ҿһ׶İɣ¿Ӱ룬з̬ԣʹޣڴŰϪ
ǳãϲױǩһѣֲƽԱһţƷԺйԱ͵ϣллЦеĸŮ֣ʾصԭλ
ŮѵлǰһӵͻȻһֳһĨΣת첽ԭλ˺ĿɻŸŮӵĻһѡ
ﰵӽɻƷȴְҵЦ˵ǵĹԱ֦öͭǮעⰲȫ
һλ߸ӹԱöúķͭǮ֦ϣָһͭǮͷζ
Ц˵ʱǵչʾİٲ
ɻŲ̤ʯ乭׼һöͭǮڵλûаٲͦʮңߵǿԻȽԶһЩ
ಣ֮ЮŷͭǮֻöһ죬ͭǮжһˣǽɻΪľԴһãɷ볲
ಣڶ֧˲һ׼ȷͭǮףβͣС¶һ𺳲ѣָѶȹǰû˵Ҳֻнɻܴﵽ̶ֳȣͼз·γһϣƿغ;׼ȵİնѾﵽ˳޷󼰵۷塣
΢Ц˵ΪչʾԴľзɷ볲ΪҴһȵռҶ֪ǲģԼʹ󾭳ռϲȵ񳲣浽߾ͬܲЧҰ۾ˣǧգۣʵ˲һڵġ
ɻһЦȡһ֧β߸߾ͣʮҲŰѼϣ׼֦ҵͭǮһ˸빭ָ˲ɣһɳ
ͣһƳ̥©촫ԭͣͭǮеĺβžأȡһ֧βȵռһѶȳʼαӣˣʮ˽˾̾ľ
ҶɺŴվڳߣչֳͬøһѣŴüͷ˵Ҫ䣬ɻֵµȷмӲˢӡ


74 Ϊ
ಣһ֧βͭǮֻۣһ죬ٴγɹȵռ͵ˮ׼ĹȻϧȲʣһʱȲһƬֳ˲˶㡣
ɻԲ̧־عһȣֱϵļ߸ģһԱս۵ĹŴ佫
Ŵʳָ˴Ҷɼʵõȵռô
ҶҡҡͷԲģû취ͣǮȥûġ
ŴЦܴǮﴩȥУ䣬ġ
Ҷü˵ǳصģҪӮѣ԰ɣԭԼĵǺĵģɻչʾķǷĿʼһĥȥֻʣһƤ
˴˵չʾĹ˵ʲʣ
ʣһƬź׶мλǣˣϵĶ͹֡
˹ҷ
һźͣǶɻչʾ湭۷
Ц֪˲սɻǱλĵúͬʱҲ˹ŵ̨ϵߣԵһʮ߷ֻǰھɳġ˹˹뵯ΪչʾǷĵɡ
СӵҲսԴż˰ɣ
ɣҴûôһɵƣ
˹ŵúƨãҿСǾֲȺԱɣ
սϹżԴһȺ¿ˡ
ǷӦǳǿңּáһƬĿнɻǰսĶԲС
ŴҶɼһģ˵ȥɣ飬Ҫں˵Ŀġ
Ҷɵ˵ͷͳ߬У󲽳гȥּáڶ߼죬֪ΪʲôķԺֻʣһͷ۳ɰܣһ
ƣʢ֮ʿⶫǺܶ׷ƴĿ꣬ʱҲΪ̫ں˻ۣͦײŲ£Ϊۡ
ɻҶǸС䣬˵Ŀ˽еҲã˹ŵҲãЩǱ˷ģѹûϹ˵Ǹ϶ڽܡ
ɻŴҶɣǸһ˿ĲмͷЦĹĿӶģҪӮ֪ߵغС죬ЦѦǸɵϣҪһǮ˵ȷ٣ȥҪͷһ£üСĴ۰ߵĵ£ԺһԴ
Ҷߵǰ˵ӭûôᣬҿðһ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦдѧϰģͲˣҶʮҶȥս֮Ĵʶ˸оòǫ͡
˹һЦҾ֪˿ʵģҶҿԿĵ𣿡
ȻԡҶ΢ЦŰеĵ˹ȥľɽϿĻľ辣ľģֹֻ˵һ㣬һ͹ⷢİȻľʻƷǳƯ
õһµݻҶɣЦ˵ƯĵҲµûӦõĽ̴ľϰɣ˵˸ƻıŪһ֪ʶ
Ҷɵͷǵģǽľ̴Ǳ
ЦƯϣܸǴͬʵĵգĿԴ
Ҷתͷһ۶֦ҵͭǮӿڴŸģ˵ȥǸ飬ɷ볲ռȵҲһͭǮɣ
ЦļͭǮۣΪҪǴһЩϲɣ֤ҲǿԵġֵķĵ꣬ſھ͸λԸ͸¶Ҷ˸⡣
УСӵ⣬СȸʲôĻУ˵ʲôԼֱЦ
ϰ󼸸Ƥ⣬һ仨ҲԳϰëǮϵ
ǻȥ۸СȸɣһƬûŵᲢۣǳ˵Ϸ׷ǽš̼ɱһմߣǶλСҼҡ
Ҷɵ˵ҾͲͭǮˣͭǮӰɣ䣬ֲ̧׼ڲʱŸ顣
žž֦ϵϸϳĽأͭǮβһء
׼ĵˣһλŮָһ䣬Ǹղűӵ͵λŮ


75 ٲ
Ҳǹ׼ﵽһ̶ȫֲϵĲ㣬ǿҲ㣬۾һֻϹ˫۵ʨһֻѧᱼܵСΣն٣ʹһҲ˶ãǰǾ߱õʨͳߵľ׼ȡ
νмһ־֪ûУҶ¶һߵľǹĿ࿴ǿʳ֣ȦһǿߵȦӣɻ֮ԱΪΪɱ˶ޣΪױȵĹԼɣᵯչֳͬȺ׵ļɣôһЩرĶ
ɻǸһ˿Ц˵Ҷ٣û뵽ǵְȻҶѾڿʼд
ҶЦЦ㲻ϣƽʱϲ򵯹ĥʱ˾ˡղϸõһִǵĸ飬ӶִĥģǴпڣ˶пжϸɱɱĥָܷƽʱ᲻á
ɻޱ˵ܺãǰ˰ɣ֦ʮƬȾɰɫҶұǿʮƬȾɺɫҶҪľʮھܶİȾɫҶҶľʤߣİٲ
Ҷϸһ۲Զ֦ңȻȾɫҶﰵ˿ȫаȾɫҶǰϰʱ;ϵҶУⳡֱΪģ뵽ϲ֪¶һ˿ϲɫ
ɻ˫΢У˵ȻǰٲҪӽٲ룬Ǻʮ๻ˣҶһƬҶҪȥһƬȾɫҶҪСģҶ٣𣿡
ԭʮټʮнӽʮľ룬Ϲ׼̿ɴﵽʮףʮڱ־׼ѾǶ֣ҶõǿƤ׼ҲʮңΪϹ趨ԵĲƽ
Ҷһͷˣʼɣ
ɻһЦת󲽳ȥҶɱƽеλǰУĬĬŲ塢ʮʮ塢ʮʮ塢ʮ
˼ͬһʱͣתԲʷĹԱǰһָĲʴҲԱмһ͸ܳľݹ̶߶ȿĿΪ˱Ҷһ𣬶͸ӰۿЧ
ɻƫͷҶһۣЦ˵Ҷ٣̫Զǰġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ϹٲϵĵҲ
ɻ˵ǺõģŹͷͳ˿ͨˤúܲҡ
Ҷ¶һĨЦݣζһеĵ˵˵鲻۳ɹʧܣԲԶҵעʧܵġ
ҶȥǸʵũ帾Ů̶Ϊ˴µĵܼ򵥣Ҳ벻Щв⽲ĵѾӡ˶ԺУΪ˴µ׼
ɻһ˵վһԵ˴˸ƣ乭׼Զг΢磬ҶڷҡڲҪٲףʮƬҶ֪Ҫöټȫ䣿
Ҷ׼֦ңԿ֦ҰڶĺҶڵľѾԿƾ׼ֻ̣ܱһͷϣ¼ƬҶ
̧ӿһֱ˵λѣʮ˷֣ᵯս˽ô߾İٲʤʮӣֻж̶̵ʮӣҪȫͬĹͬҶһʱʮʽʼڻʣʮ룬Ҹһ롭
ʮšˡߡʼ
ಡͬһ֦ƮƬҶһһƬҶء
ɻһûмڶϸµ׼Ŀ꣬ʲôϸ£ͷƫÿһϸ΢ĽǶȶҪȥʮʱ䣬һҲڶ
ಣͷ׼ȷҶ΢Ķ̱˲жϣɫҶƬƮȻ£һ
ʱѾȥӣҶɳٳûڶŸ飬׼׼ֱӹȥ˦һлһĻߣ˺ҶжΣҶ°أʣ°֦ڡ
ಣɻ׼ȷһƬɫҶǰɵļͷһСС֦ңƬҶⲻʧǹԡ


76 ʵ
ʱѾȥ룬ʣķӣɻѾƬɫҶصҶﵽƬҶûŸ飬ûҵָоóȻѻĿꡣ
ʱȥתֹһӣҶ˵һӺ˴ƵѰоƤָѾЩ顣
ಣһƿХУҶ֪ɻһ԰Ѳһ˫۽Զ֦һƬҶԺбһͷС
أ޵İ˹Ƥ쵯أ黯һ˲ţͫһƮȻ£ˣҪľָо
ĿⲶ׽һƬҶϵ˲伤ˮ˳ԺͷŨһ֣У
ءƤ·ѭĳĽĹ⻡ҰлȾҶСƮ䣬һҶԺûʤӮҪֻһ£ĿⲶ׽ÿһƬҶ
ʱ䡭أ˵һİ࣬ͬʱ֣ͣɻ¸Ϲִӿڴͳһ̵ǣƵһлһ̵ϡ
һСܱҪһʱȡݣղſ͵֣֪ͦ˭ʤһ
ԲʷDVĹԱԷһУԲʷӶҶܿóһݣѼ¼ݵСֽݸˣ˵һԾȴϸһҶ
ֽ濴飬ŻͲ͵Ϳλѣ͵˵ݾϣǰ˵һ䣬λǵ֣֮İٲ
īɣ
ʤʲôһֱڷɵӲźһͨ˭ܿӣ
һãǱߵĺҶתתµ
Ҳˣ벻治ǳصġ
ߵ۷׷ף˶ĵ̬ѾԸĹۣܰѵһ漣ʵֵصġ
΢Ц˵һᱨ˵ʵݣȾɫҶΪҶδȾɫҶΪҶʤܻᵯʤһأ˵ݱ̽
˵˹˸ӣԿDVԲʷ֣ȶԷߵǰ̴ʵղҶصϸ𣿡
ԲʷͷȫˣӦû©ĵط
ЦŴ˸ƣԲʷDVԭλߵǲˣмӼĿʼߺȡ
īϻţƳ̵ġ
ģ˭ϱ㵹ѪùһЪ죬ö˶һڻˮȳ˿ݾ
ҪҶӣ˦Ӻһ
ȼ۵Ѿܲʲôʷȣֻصſھ̵ˤͲ˵ǿҳ嶯ͷڷ治ס
ҶƬҶʮƬƬҶȥһƬҶҶƬ˶һ٣˵սߵҶƬҶƬٲʤǵ
žણɻһ飬ڵϣͷǣˣʮĹȻһľϣʽģٲҲֻνʵҧվӣͽȻתֱгš
ˣһɨصʧܣּΪҵľٶóȻ֧ľʧɻ̫С˼ٸҲֵùݳݡ
Ҷɵͷһеĵְ˹Ƥ֪ʲôʱϵɣֻʣղ̫רעûע⵽ЩٶһŸµƤпȫϵⳡʤҲһɷݴڡ
뿪еĽȻתƵᵯϣǶΨһƾ汾´ˣȺ׵ĵڳÿһ˵Ҳ֤һΪǵҲøϹҲգ浽һԾͳһɵ飬˵ʲôȫǸЦ
ЦŰѻͲյҶɸǰԴ˵ҶڴҶõսɹ̬ȷ֪ʲô룿
Ҷһ뿪ķ򣬵˵ûʲô룬ΪҴһʼûսұûʲôĶǲǰʱģҿûϡ
ЦôѾսɹΪֲṩƤװһף¿ԽҰһϲ
ҶѾ֪ʲôƷﲢûκξϲòĸֵл첽ߵŴǰѹ˵磬Ӯˡ
ŴͱһȭЦ˵Сӣס˵ģʱʵ


77 Ҷ
ҶһѵӮ˹ͷõһƤװһԽҰѦǸõˣ˵ˮ
ɻûгԱģӰгȥ̴ݳ뿪һƤʱûиѦɴкһɺܴԹ˵ǨŭѦϰͷϡ
Ѧɲ⣬ѾõҪĶЧĺãսͷֱξ¼ƵƵȫӰվϲСʱŵʾͻ˰أ׷ϵԤԼʾҪֲ飬Ԥúһ׬òһ֤зǷҵͷԡ
ֲھƲƮ㣬ơ¹ͷ̡ܰࢡȡġ򳦱̡ܶҰާɽҰζһϹı̥ƣѦΪõԵĿν˱ǮĳύλСѡ
׻˵úãʤѦͷԾҲƵֳѰԽУǫѷһɰĽύһҪй֮ҶչֳҪλĵС顣
ѦɸҶɵһɫƣЦ˵Ҷӣƣִ󲹡
ҶҲƱյǼţͷһں˱׳죬ϲֹľƣ³ϾƵζһҩζ
ѦЦˬ죬ƺ󾢺㣬ȵںõǵڱһȥ׼ԼҵľƾǳϤһܺþ
Ŵһһõ˵Сģ㼸ҩʲô¶ҪȶƬ˸ȥ
ѦɿЦ磬С۾ƣⱪ̥ùԭݵģһ˶ֻҪǺȼ
õʮԭʹﵽʮȣݾƵҩĳı̥⻹˺쾰ͼζҩģ㴼ޱȣǿ壬ƺңٺõ˺ȵҲҪָ˵һ˺϶ſס
̥ƣҶƿϸһٵһҡҡͽȻһͷֺ˸丵βʣ˵þƣܴܺúȡ˵ԹԵһôһӣˣ˳źǡ
ѦɵɴŴ˵ԼСֱıȥһ£Ҷı̥治ɫֻ֣Ĵ۾žƿģǸպȳζûž񫡣
Ҷǰ¾ܺڣƺҲˣı¶ˬûͷףƴ㣬ٺȼƿѾʣ࣬ٵֺ̫ò뻹ˡ
ѦƺҶһ˿ᣬƿһЦ˵ҶӣҪֻܺܳ˺ȸʹ죬ƹܹ
ҶɶƱһЦƱǰȹĺöˣҾͲˡ˵ѾƱյһںȹ⣬¿ձвˡ
ѦЦȳţҸҶþȥһҪԱ㡣
Ѧ뿪ŴÿӴ˸ȷŽҶǴһĨ׽Ц˵ҶӣѦСǿˡ
ʲôҶͷƤһ飬һ㼦Ƥ񣬵۴˵ͳɣҶ˿ϸƨ
ŴЦ𼤶ָĲ˺˵ϵѦڿ˼㽻ѣǲ֪Сӱϴͦƣأܱ۵治࣬˵¶ôɣ
ҶȺ߿һڣ˵ô죿裬賣˵Ѷ·ͷǽŲǺ¶
ŴСŴĴָ˵Ҷӣʲô¶ܽˣ
Ҷһеȣ˵ϧˣһϺӡ˵ĻߣʱԼʵĻǻظһ˵Ļ·ߡ
Ŵ֪дҶеʹ¶һ˿Ǹı飬˵˼˵ĵġ
Ҷҡҡͷû¶趼߼ˣϵǰԸһǰСٻκȣܸһڶǰҵ裬һᾡչ˺Сٻܰί˵ʱִŴǰоƵıӣͷѾһڹ
ҽʶʲô溣Ҷ̨һһȾҲһɴԺ͹ҶˡѦƿƴЦ߽۴ҶɣСѾ̫ྪϲǸֵһѡ


78 Ȯţ
̥ƾͷ㣬ҶʮҲо⣬ںȷԼˣڳʲô̶ҲѦƿƳ˸Ŵٵһȫװ˶
ѦɴûܰƱ̥ƵϺȵ㿪۽磬ŴҩƲȤǷݺƣʶ壬ʮ㡣
ŴһƷŵҶЦ˵Сӱźè򣬳ů൯ĺöζһ
ҶɼƿһڣȻóԣζеͷţȷ͸Ҫۣż;ֻʿڣѹŴ˵һ
ζ治óԡҶɽƣͷһ䡣
Ѧһƣ΢΢һЦóѡˣͷܾ˵ײֲѾͱץˣնֵ˶Ӫģڸоѣǡ˵һɲŴƵ˹Ц
ŴѦɣͻȻְ̧һײҲҵĹͷǰƲ˵С˵һһô˼ҴСĸӺһ
Ѧ⣬æЦֵ飬˵ܶײ־Ƕߣ˵ײǲԶʵǴģƣƱˮһ죬ԭ֬ǳḻǰ࣬еļƷ
Ҷ¶һĨȻı飬һе˵ǳԵǴܵĿˮɣǱһ֡˵ƱһоֵֹģƽҲ˼ζ
ŴΪȻЦЦ˵޽ɣ͵Ǹ˸˵ּһù졣
ѦĴָ޵磬ֵܷˣʵĻ˵ʱĿͶҶɣãã˺зһ⻪ȷҪ˵
ŴЦСǵ˼磬ҶӽѶ԰ɣܼ򵥣ֻҪһ仰С
Ѧһ˿죬ʵʲôڸȦͷԺϳͣܽĵһûУĽŴܽҶȺֵýĵѡ
ŴЦҪѣҪѣҰҶӵֵܣҪľô򵥡
ҪѣҪѡѦɿе׽ŴĻ˫۽˱쵽Ŵǰ˵˵澭䣬Сܾһ
ŴֵҩƲȣҪҶӺȥѦʶҲЩͷˣС˲ͷҲ⣬ҶɸύиĺôѦǻҩľ֮һʶҽ಻ʤѦɵүүǸͷҽ붯ѦүӸҶСƲ˵Ŷ
Ѧɲ֪ŴСžţ˱תҶһֿ˵ҶӣУһûУĳ뽻ѣһ
ҶɶƱһ˵Ѧ磬챿Ҳ˵ܽûɶ˵ģ֣ˣ
˾Ʊ۵һͷѱоһ
ʱű죬Ѧüͷת˵
߽һװӣмߵѦԣ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫ
Ѧɰ˰ֵʲôֻ˵ûˡ
ڨڨһЦ˵ʵҲ㲻ʲô£ܵ˾Ȯˣһ׳СˣСӺôȥĸ˱һ˦Ӿ̵˫˵Ҫ˾ȮѾˣš
Ѧһõ˵͸Ǯ㶨ͺˣûѺȾ𣿡
ӵ˵ûǮھֲɼ»
Ѧϲ֮ɫŨˣ˵Ҳʲô˶ܽģǮֻܰѹߣôһɱ
ӵ˵ͷ֪ôˡ˵תſڣմһͳƮ˽
ҪǮûУеɶС
ҶͻȻһվһĴ˵ҰǸôļһ
һתͷһҶɣ˼ְĿתһԵѦɡ
ѦɹЦ˴Ҷˡ
Եȣͽӻĵ˵ͷ첽߳ȥ
һӲűٴƿһͷǣһ˾Ȯ˽Լôʮ߰ͣŨüۣͭɫƤ߳һ׾ţһϴ÷׵ľɾװʵļѱϳŵð͹ƽȥЩرϻŸƤϡ
ҶɵŶˣϽ¶һĨõЦݡ
ž꣡еĴڵϣˤ˲Ŀ飬ȿһء


79 Ͱ
ţӣɤҾ֪㡣ҶЦǰȥһ§ס˿ļ⸡õѣţ
ţٺЦҶӣ㰡֪Сڱ˱Ҳһ˶СԴľĹǮԲ˿˴ϣԺȹܹһ˵һߺٺЦˮ˳űǹʣҲˣиζֻԼס
Ҷһƿţ˵СòΪҰɣ뵽һܣţ׿˵
ţ̧ͷĨһѣ캩Ц˵㲻ǷծҸŹ㣬е׬Ǯ԰ܣû뵽ϹӰҲţ󱻸ҵˡ
Ҷһ㵣ʵСҲˣѧˣҸţС浽֮Ľ鲻ֵʤֵܡ
ţ˵ѧͷӷǰƤУС˱һУڼùüңǰÿݶңݶûˡ
Ҷüͷ˵Ҳһ˵ùȥǼһӦҵҲŶ԰
ң˳ݾԴתñ˭죬Ȼ̰öѧϰɼһֱǰéѧţߵȫˣƾĴҪҵڱҶѣɵʲôԭһֱûϵأҶĸơ
ţҡҡͷ֪ͦҵģ˰һɣ˱˼ضҸ˵򹤣ʵŰҪ⡣˵ҧֻȭͷ죬ڳһƴļơ
ҶüͷƺһЩʲô˵ǰ¶ȥˣڹͦõģѡ
ţŶһǣŹǰһ˫ţϵķˣ̲ס˿ĭ
λǴ磬λѦ硭ҶɽܵһͻȻŴϵı鲻ԣͷһתţɴϵķˣƬ촽ڸƷ˵ζ
ţӣ㻹ûԷɣҶ΢΢һЦһ䡣
ţ˼Ĵûأ緹ûԡࡪƤʱ죬ƺڰ֤˵Ļ
ŴЦҶӵѾҵѣһԡ
ѦҲˣЦ˵ԣҶӵѾҵѣ
ţͻȻ뵽һ¶̧ǣ˵⹷զ죿
ѦЦһɶϲ͸ǣ˲ٽ˼ӣԷ
ллѦ磡ţЦųѦɾ˸ʮȹϲɫ̧ͷһʢСľͰЦ˵㹻ˣֻⷹ˵㡣
ҶЦŴȤţʲôǳԷУһοԷʱŵˣţǹ볤ѣķѾܹһݣҪҸݵĻиеģֲ
ѦЦðǾһʲôǳԷУֻܳ˳ԣóõķȫͽ˵ߵſڣкһλԱСԸ䣬תԭλ£ȤſţʶʶСӵжܳԡ
ţߵ԰ǣ˩ϣùͰٺЦλ磬ҶӣҾͲ˰
ҶƲƲѦ綼˵ԱֻܳƤԾˡ
ţץһ˫ӿԷ룬ֱӶľͰ
̶ӣһͰţ˸׳죬ͰŻسϴˡ
ԱľͰȫڿţǰҲһͰֿʼӴͰžž죬ԷòˣһͰżϼЦһЦͰǷ
һӣͰͰױȹɾţץ˸гһǣ̧ͷһſڣʵѦ磬ɶô
Ѧɴ룬˵ͷУܱ˵ſڴѷ
䣬ԱľͰһľͰڵķϸһ͡
Ѧü˵Ҳѳз˹ôͰ
Ա˵ķˣӦÿˡ
ѦһͣЦ˵Ȱѷ˹ȥȥţ͹
ԱӦһͰڿţǰպľͰһۣſ첽뿪˰䡣
ţʢľͰַŴһʵôˣԱ𣿡
ţ¶һĨЦݣ˵롭ٵȵȷ


80 
ʮӺţ˷һڵĴ׷СͷһǱԵֻʣһͣŴѦɵɴȫ̹ۿһƿֲ׷սԺͬһͷɣ
ҶɶѾ಻֣ƲƲ˵ģһǸ𽺶ǣŲģǰϵҲ¶ȥҽԺ˼أóĽ۶һԶڳˡ
Ŵ¶һĨȻı飬˵ѹ֣ǰԽȥĶˣҲֲ̫ˣġ
Ѧ΢Ц˵Ҷˣû뵽Ҳˣղ˵ţúܣ˦־̵ĸ
Ҷɵ˵ͷţӴСͳܳ󣬼ǵдϵţǼȥתһȦͷţۣԱûѶղܹȥһץסһţǣһʹӲͷţƿˣţиҪëţƢ͸˴ܣûûصģЩ˴
ţϵҶţƢһȭܰ˴죬Ѱ˼źӺܿѾҵԼСãΪţ̫嶯ûдԼ档
ѦɶʱȤЦ˵ǵù˵λ޵д󽫾ԪԣһͶףʮǧصͭʨһһҿⷹţӾͱǿ֪״ʲô̶ȣ
ҶҡҡͷǵͷţǻʮɣҲڴҲ׼жһͦ
ţѾưѹͳ˸ɾһίҶ˵Ҷӣ̭ôʲôвҲÿٶҪԱġ
Ҷɷ˸ʵڳԱ𣿲ټӵ㡣
ţٺЦټӵҲаҸо˸˷ֱٳͰոպá
Ҷɳˣȥڳһʶ̬ȴڰЦѦ˵ˣҪԱô
ѦһͣϺܿ¶ЦݣãͰûͷҲҪճ
ţӺףЦ˵ллѦ磬ҳԶٱһһӡ˵ĶǴʵӶµûԹٱÿһٱǵúһپҶģ϶һӡ
Ѧͷһ󳩿죬ЦҪԼٱ±ӶˡţȻܳԣ˵㷹ǮȫԺԲƣλСӼסһӾǼ¡
ŴЦţӣɴԺ͸Ѧˣÿ춼ܳԱ㡣
ţ˫էܿҡҡͷ˵ҴӦ˰ﶭүʱ߲ٳԵûϵӦ¶һҪ
Ѧ΢΢һЦţӣ극ȥϴȭǶ˴׹ģгЩʲôϷԺ׼ȷĲжûɣ
ţٺЦû⣬Ҳ֪ԼжܲͦõģԺ˴и׶
֨ѽŴ򿪣Ա˽һĸʢľͰһһ⡣
ţЩʱüЦûȷԱѷѾץһֻľͰڳ
ŴЦţ϶СҸҶӣδػţӡ
𣿡Ѧ˫΢ҶɣְĿתͷǷĿţڰԱȣͷǷţӲܺῴҪǿһ
ŴһĨааĻȣ˵Ҫ۸һȥһѺһͷ㶨С
Ѧ￴ţӣŴ¶ǷûףҶǼһﱾǸ߸ĴڣĲأ
Ҷüͷ˵ĻУӮͷţС󲻹ˤӶûӮ
ŴصЦЦǰûӮڲӮһӮ
Ѧ΢΢һЦУҾ㶨ͷҶӮһҪհ죬ţӮ˷Ҫհ죬ҪΧ֮ڵġ
УôˡŴ˼ͷӦֻҪҶӮÿһҪͷɡ˯ͷ
Ҷ죬ûж˵ʲôֲͷп޴ոӣӰҵĽ顣
ţܿͰ׷˳ȫ˶˳Աĸо˶һеš
ѦЦһĿţʵԱôٽˡ
ţæֵˣԱˣǻȥʲôɣ
УǾȥѦЦվ˵ֻܸ߾С
һȮ뿪˰䣬ѦɵĴ³ֲȥ


81 ţȭ
ֲڸֽһӦȫȫġֲġСġġȵġεġġҶɺͿţκ˼ֵﾭֵĽϵá
ţһ൱деĽ˳ܹȥ̧ϣﲻʱƵĽ衪˼ºоϴԴߵҶԣ죺ۼҵˮţѷˣȥƨѵûš
ѦЦǸ綯ģҪȥԣҰ㿪
ţԴҡ˹ģ˵ɣŲˡ
Ѧ̧һָЦ˵Ǹǲжʹȥ
ѭָķȥǽһߴƤˣֱֻ۱°ͳʮ𣬰ڳһҡĳƨģûнţ·һν̶ֲ̨˵׹¿ƼƷ
ߵƤ˸ǰѦִƤԺأֻƤ˫ۺ˸ĳһʽʣף
ȥҪ󡣡Ŵһ嵽Ƥ˸ǰȭݺݵؿڡ
ۣһܸƤһ𣬿зһֽУŶ
ŴҧȵүһǿİȭݺݵƤ˲أƤԴƫƫָԭλͽȻһŮ磬㣬ٴ㣬ҪΪǽϧķǡ
ʲôⰡŴ¶һּ˹Ƶı顣
ѦɺٺһЦ˵ⶫǸ߿ƼƷ빦ܣӻأرһЩеĻʻ㣬Եÿ
Ŵ˸ʵղҵȭͷжôûʾأ
Ѧ¶һĨ׽Ц⣬ߵƤ˸ǰ˵ޱ
ƤƤĳ˵ּ
һȭ˰ٰʮӦȭڶȭ˰ʮӦȭӺϳ׼ȷһݣŴȭһ൱˵ֵʲͨǿ
Ѧ˸Ĵָ޵磬ǰ֪ȭͷû뵽ȭţ
ŴΪȻ˵ŹŹֵֹģҲ֪׼׼ģȭԡ
ѦЦ׼ⶫ׼ȭƽֵ׼ȷȻߣȭϵͳ趨ϻ߼𣬵Ϊֹ̨ϴȭֻһ㣬һһλ⼮Ǽһǰְҵȭ֡
ţһĴƤˣ̲סָͷؿ¡
åŮʿƤһŭ⣬ú˰벽̧ںץץɵЦ
ѦЦеĿţ򣬵˵ɵţؿڴȭ˴ҹ
ҹţ˫է̧ƵĴظ£˵ƺðɣһ򣬲Ҫǰҿɲ⡣
ѦЦſģ˲⣬һҪúøл㣬ĳҴţƤȭͷʮ⳥Ƶ¼װãֻܾ򣬺ݺݴ򡣡
ţٺЦҴ򿩣Ѧ磬׼ҹ
ѦɴЦˣһԱ㡣
ţ˵ͷֽ⿪װӣɾװ˦һԣ¶һ𺳵ļ⣬ĵǼ̫ƽҶײش󼡣ֱϵļᣬ׳ڵƹ⣬ðٷ֮ʮǰĽ˶Ա
ģ氢ŵŴ˰ΣҡͷһпʼҲ㷢ɸǰλһȼֱСƣڳκ˱㼡⡣
ѦҲưԵļ׵⽹ۣ˰ҺƤһ̣СԵģҲ̫ˣˣǮΪɶԲһٱֻҪĸ߼ſһվܸɮƵǰˡ
ʵţйһαſϵľ⺩Űͷһ̲ѾܳĳǼƵ꣬ԺһұʶҲҴ̿Ͻˡ
ણţ˫ƻָۣǷ죬ֻɳȭͷֱϵƴ׳һ˫۾ŶƤˡ
ţͻȻſһȣȭ͵Ƥؿڣأһ޹ģ˹Ĥ΢΢һ顣
ػƤžһ㵹ʮȣֵܿԭ״أļȭڰƤˣζزߣ˶̵ԭ״Ƥؿ԰ȥƴһ顣


82 ǧ
ţȭʳָڱ²һѣԲֻţ۶Ƥˣдһ˿ʣղȭоȭûȫҪӮҶӺɡ
һȭǧİӦ𣬱ڶȭǧʮӦ𣬱ȭǧİһʮȭӺϳһݣվһԵŴѦͬʱŴͣ𾪵ı顣
ƽǧٰӦ𣬱ΣգȭͷΪɱ벻Ҫ˻ʹá
Ѧ̧෢°ͣ΢΢ʵţӣ֪ǧٰʲô𣿡
ţ룬̧һָƤ˵¶ɵ˼˵ʮɵһ飬ҡ
Ѧķ˸˵ˣСǸ塣
Ŵ̧ҶɼģЦ˵ˣ¶һָơ
ҶһƤˣЦ˵ʵȭһȭûҸɴʹһȭˡţ˭ǰ϶ɵĴӦ⺩ƴеһԣΪһ˫ر֡
ҶǰվһȭܵƤؿڵλãųȭǲִƤ˼ͷ
ţǶܳԱҹ̲סߴٵҶӣСӸʲôأҪƤˤӰɣǰ¼С;һˤӣлǴӵѧƣǾͻһС
ҶתͷһЦˤһɴţƺˣգۡ䣬ǰһ岽ȭʵʵƤؿڡ
ˣƤһе£ڵһĵһߣƵ
ҶվԭزԺڻζղŵһȭʱĸоԺֻһ򵥵ͷڳȭһоһůӸ𣬾ұ۹ȭͷȻֻ׽̶һĸоڻʵޱȡ
֡Ƥ˷죬ͷðһŵḶ̌Ҷɳ˵⣬滵ˡ
ʲô滵ˣѦһֿƵҶɣֱ̱ǵζǿײ͵Ļع¶һĨϲ֮ɫͷЦҶӣ̫ţBˣ֪һǧСҵĸǣĸǰ
ŴƲƲ˵ǮҲܣղҶһȭҲˣԸķɣ
䣡ķڷⱲӴûĹѦЦúϲ£죬ʵѪ̨󲻾þЩˣȻͬһ˵⳥Э飬ҪΪʵ̫ѣи߿Ƽ豸ղŲҶһȭ򻵣ϢӦѾͨĳַʽ͵ңܿͻȷ
ŴһϷʵ˵ûϢ׬˵ֵú˹ʺƵģ˸۸ͷ
ѦЦҸ˵ĲǮܸо˿ˣڿǸҶҵĴǣҿ
ҶһԵĿţ˵ʵҲţӣҪȴ˼ȭݵҲһȭʹ⡣
ѦסţЦ˵ţӣѦ˽Ǳߵһ˴׵˱֤ÿԱÿ»һݺܲĹã˻нô
ŴվһЦ֪Ѧɿ˺ֱʵֿĿţ¶ҲòͣѦܱȿǿˡ
ţԥһ£һֺܴȵҶɣ˵Ҷӣ˵¶զ죬ġ
ҶɶԲû˵ѦзԣС¶දӣһţ־С
ţٺٺЦ˵УԺ͸Ѧʲô˽ɶɶ
ѦЦ⻰簮ſģҲʲô¶Ժҹģġʱڴֻһ죬ͳһۣ½ַ̧ŵߡ
绰ͷһܱŤǲѦ
Ѧüͷ˵ѦɣλһİĹʳ;ʾ׹ڻݣûбܿˣΪµһֿܡ
˹ؽƷ˾ס˹ڱ˾Ͳȷ𻵣˾Լ⳥һǧṩʱ֤˺ţ֤ͨ⳥ʮת˺š
绰ͷɳƶͳһڻｲÿĿİͰͣúڳÿһ˶˼


83 
һǧ⳥ʮת˺ţ˹صĹ˾Чʸߵþˣʱ֤֪Ǹʲô
Ѧɵһʱʶڣʵ˹Ҫͨʱ֤
ס˹˵ܼ򵥣ֻһ߱ƵܣһһƵ͵䣬װֻվڲԴƵͿˡ
Ѧԥ벢ûзֶԷʲôɣ˵õģھվԣ䣬ҵǡ
ܿѦյһڰװǰһĶǰ˵֪Ϊʲôֲ̫õĸо֤ʱǾվԶЩӦͺˡ˵ߵԣʼװƵ
ܿװϣѦֶ̧˴˸ƣʾ˼ƵĻһƬڣԷģ
ѦѾȷϣֻͷɨһɨΧȷڵλá
ס˹ٴѦֻɨɨΨȥվλá
ܺãṩЧ˺ţƣص㡣
Ѧ˸ۣⱨ˸׶˺Źȥ˲ӾյһʾϢ˺϶һǧ
ѦӦѾյ⳥ˣֻͨ󱾹˾ר˸ϵձϻ벻ҪԲжף죬ټ
ټѦɹҶϵ绰ѸֻٰڵɾɾһڲӰƤ˲ϣŷߵ˸ǰ
Ŵ̧ͱһȭЦʵǮ𣿸ɶġ
Ѧüͷ˵Ǯǵˣܾûô򵥣ϣ񾭹ɣ
Ҷתͷһ۴⣬ѾȫĿţ˵ʱˣҲûؼˣ绰ĩϺǾ۾ۡ
ţҡҡͷһΪѵ˵һû绰ӵи绰ڹľϡ
Ѧڱһ绰룬Ц˵룬ֻˣһ˰ӹʱסھֲշӲ٣Ҳסǿˡ
Ҷɼµ绰룬˵лѦ磬ţʵۣûɶӣ׷룬ʲôòԵֻС
ѦɵͷģţӣҾϲʵˡ
ŴЦŴȤСģʵҵƽɣ
ѦڨЦ˵Ǵ˽ңƽʱ̫ϱҸĲģţʵθڡ
ŴЦСǹ˵ҺҶӱɣСĸӺһ
ҶŴ˵ˣţӳҹȥһؼңһ׼СȥʰҽԺ
ŴЦ˵æ绹ҪձʶծøѦļߡ˵ǰסѦɵĲӳǰߣһҧŶߵЩʲô
Ѧ¶һ˿ɫתͷһҶɣֵŴ˵˼䣬˺ĳĬͷһת
Ŵ첽ߵҶɸǰ˵סߣͣȡ˳һ·쭣ֱӰ͵˱ſڣһҲƵ뿪СҶŪ˸ͷˮ
ҹһ¾ҹգҶŸ̧ͷһȻҪСε¶ֲһ죬Ȼ¶׵Ժֻܵ˵ˡ
Կ״򿪷ţƹͨ¬׼ѺٻɳʲôҶɽͣ¬׼¥ʱ
ҶŴߵɳ£򿪴Ӵȡͺаڲ輸ϴ򿪣˫һԿӣЦе˵ǸҰζ˼ӹˣ쳢
Ѧ˰ҶԵҰζӹʳһƤװҲŽ˴ò˵Ϊ˾ܵѸġ
ٻü΢ʵ磬Ⱦˣڴǿ̾ŵһӾζ̲סһ䡣
ҶɵͷЦھֲ˵㣬ҽ˭ˣ
ٻҡҡͷ˫ӼһŽţûЩˡ
ţӣǼһֲ԰˿ϣϣСӸǰһԣмײˣֳָʲô
ҶɰѿţΪһҪ˴׹ͷβһ飬Ϊ˲Сõģʡ˸ɻ顣
ٻţͣ˿ӣ˵磬мһֱû˵Ȼţе³綼֪ʵҸһֱϵҴӦܣ˵ûﹻǮǻծǰ档
ʲôһֱϵҶϵЦȻһһֹСá


84 ̰
ٻ򴽣һ˫ˮԴŴ磬ԭί
ǰ˱֪ʲô취ҵﻧǵҶɳ̯δ飬ֻٻһڼңҲûʲôƷӾ飬ûдþ뿪ˣͬʱҲٻܣʱҶϢ취ﹻǮټ治
죬ٻзҴһʱҳмźܶǮ㳮һëʮ飬ܹһٶʮ飬ǵúԭ¶ߴ磬뵽ӦҪΪѣջǾǮ´ʱԭɵȵڶʱִһЩ飬ŸǮ
ٻǵôȰ˵ЩǮҲǵԼӦܡʱ÷ɿ죬ת۾꣬Ҿﻧһߣϼ飬ųƱλλǰһʴﵽλλһֱΪĬĬһ
ҺܴҲִţ׼һѳﹻծǮͲ֣ԼȻѣѾŬһĸã˵ԽԽͬҾǸͬﲻԸͷΪѣԹ޻޷ˡ
СԴĽҶ˺ΪʲôţԼԭŴ˵ģҪѣҪѣѲںеõʲôôҪʱĬĬ֧֣Ըֵ֪ϧһ
ٻ˹ҵоһɣһ˵磬ǮҶˣÿһζĿǸˡ
Ҷֻĳ˫۷ڱһжѣ˿ƽһļ˵һкӵĵ绰ɣøңлҰǮ
ٻ˵ͷһ绰룬Ҷͳֻ£Ѿˣֻеٸϵ
ҹطϢҶ컹һҪҪ죬СȥʰҽԺ飬ֻаٷ֮һϣСκȲҲһḶٷְٵŬ
գʡҶСóţڼ治˼ڳڣСȥԵͺãСмݣǶԸһٺˡ
Լʮƽ氤Ű˼ŶȻªǳҶɴСýȥʱһʳóλӡ
Ҷɰηڵ⣬Сߵ£ֵϰԱһ˼棬ϰǸʮϵ꺺ӣģغʵֽ൱ǮʱʱҪ͵棬ȻæµɣǷķܹһĨƵЦݣ׵Ļʱʱ¶·ͶȤ
ҶɸСõ䣬̧һߺȣϰ壬棬һţ⣬һŹǡ
ϰЦӦԵȣϾ˵Ÿתβϸ֮йӾϷǻζ
ʱһλŵŮ˳棬ߵϰǰʵ֡룬ǮŮ˺ǻˣ˵ÿĿİͰͣôôŤ
ϰЦԵзţ棬顣
ŮڿڴͣȻͳһǮǮȫŵϰϣʵְ룬¡ܺóԣǮ
⻰ڣʳϵıùִ㲻ͨı飬ˡ
ϰָ˵Ǯüͷ˵һëë
Ů΢죬ͷ˵ҵëȫˣûëˣҪٰë͹ô
ϰһ㵣ҲЩͷˣ˲ûУǵһ⣬ëⲻ֪ش
ۣһʳ̲סˣӱǿ˳
ЦˡһʳͱЦ㣬ЦŰͷϡ
ڵʳͶŮ˺ܶࡰëĶ԰׶ˣһʱЦϣмʳᶼЦ쭳
ϰҲһЦ¶Ž׵Ļ˵ëҲҪˡ
⻰һЦŮǺ˵ְ룬һë㣬лл˵ϰһתܳСꡣ
ϰһЦʳǣһЦֿʼͷɻ
꣬ڵҶɰһųƱݸϰ壬ƺȻĴһ
ཻ˲䣬Ҷϵı΢΢һͣ˻ϰպǮһЦ˵λԣԺ´
Ҷûлػֻ۾㶵Ķϵ룬ٻòĳϰЦЦûԾŵζˣó´һ
̰ʳ͡


85 ţǷ
Ҷڸϰƽ˲ԺȻһ죬漴ֳһɫȦΧƵСˣһȦڽɫȦҫۣڱȦ͸Ȧϡܿ˵òʨǺͭ壬ⷭǸһŴ˹Ŀ
̰ʳ͡ʾӣҶһͷΣ˦˦ͷѹͻȻղϰƴһڹǰæµϰ壬ɼһλǮʳЦŰɭɭĻڴ˸
ٻͷ㣬׼һֻͻᰴסֱ
ٻǻطȥҪΪʲôġͳĻдһ˿ݿܵĿǣٻ⣬üͷ¿ӡ
ҶǰСþֱ߳⣬ڵԭδ
ҶɰС÷׼뿪ʱǰæµϰ嵭ʵˣҵ治ó𣿡
Ҷҡͷ˵м£ȥͳˣ˼˵˳·߳ǰߣһ󼲳۶һͣԡ
Ŵժ±ϵĸ󡾵һȵǣ΢ЦųҶɰ˰ֵҶӣСϳ
Ҷǰ򿪳ŰСñǰȻѾбںϣȥ˵磬㿪
ŴЦģзִ硣䣬Ѿһ˳ȥ
Ŵûһ쭣ٶȱʮ£ܸо棬ֲ٣֪Ѿʻһɽ·
Ҷһƣ̲סʵ磬ȥĶ
Ŵ΢΢һЦȻ˰СƲˣʰҽԺЩɹŴλЬ䡣
ˣҶ¶һĨϲɫŴĿλҽԶʤһҽҲζŸϣСõĲˡ
Ŵ˵λѦѦɵүүСĥӲݲ˵үΪСƲѦүӵҽĶǶģ˵ɽͼβϣСõĲгֵȤ
Ҷüͷʵ磬˵ĳȤզ£
Ŵ˵Ѧүҽͨͷ֮ëѾ᲻εȤֻ֢ŻᶯҽΣѦүӳʱ˵СûټѲ֢үӶͷлǾҪԡ
Ҷɵ˵磬лл㡣ŴٲûаٻȥʰҽԺ£ѡһΪЧķʽΪСβʵ˸ж
ŴƲСӾǽ飬˵ѦүƢŹ֣Ǿ뵽Աͷʹ񣬿쵽ˡ
ɽ·תǰһƬ֣ˮݵͨС·ŵɽӴԼȪڴɽĳһٲˮֻŵķˮ
ŴٻǰУǰԿһټԺӣͽԺУ߸ߵʯԺǽ·ڴɽ֮һ籮һ΢һ˿رǻ㣬һֵҩ㣬ѦүӾ;ס
ۼҶɸԶͿԺſվһϤӰǺƵ壬ʽͷ˿ţǺ˭
ţȥװһոµĺװͷĨһͷͣ⣬ƤЬںէһۿȥִƵģпͷڴгƱǾǱ׼ţˡ
ŴѳͣԺԣţƨƨߵܹкܵǰŰ빪ӳٻЦСٻӣϵô
ٻɵǺǵģڿЦϵã㲻ϿҵĴţô
ţԴøСƵģٺЦеСģôţ籧³
ߴһǱڿţϣһƤƵĹҶɸоָһȻ˳ŻϣûѦҵͲҪǮСԿٲ˴
ţıͣʲôҺƽͣѦ˵ˣԿĨ͡
Ҷɷ˸ۣû˵ĨٶῪϣѦˣ
ţٺЦܸ£վͷûŲˣɵƵġ
ҶˣЦ˵⻰û˵Ǹ鳣Ұΰ
ţӺ׺ЦҶӣҪΣСٻӣ󡭡
ӣҿǷˡҶɵһ䣬̧һڿţϣž϶ָӡʵٻƤ̳ʼαӣΨһİ취Ǽʱô


86 ǲǲ
ţһƲ֪Ҷɶ̱ùԹ԰ηŵһԣͷ˵ģ˴ĺֲͯ֡
ҶɱСΣתͷ˿ţһۣţӣƳ
ţ͵̧ͷ¶һĨϲɫ첽ǰ߬סΰ֣Ц˵Сٻӣţȥ
Ҷִϣʵţӣ·𣿡
ţЦŵͷϵãѦ˵ˣȴǵһ¥ͣҲǳԵ㣬͹˵󲽳Ժȥ
ŴüͷѦСӸʲôãǶҲ¶к
Ҷɵ˵߲ɣȹȥȵȣѦ˵
Ŵ˵ͷչסҶɼ첽Ժȥ
һ¥Ѿ׼ͣڵİͷС࣬ټܲɺͽӣϷʢ
ţڵĸٻʢС࣬Ȼʼܾԣװʳͷһ̲
ҶɺŴֻһһС࣬ǿ׶һţѾİͷܹȥͰҲ˹һͨá
СʱȥѦ¶棬ϵıЩľګλ̸ЦĻˣһλ뷢ȴˣһ֪λЦıԭڡ
үүƵĲˡѦɷߵٻǰһԵҶɣ̧Ȼ˸OKơ
ûӦƫͷŶٻ˰̧һڣ˵ɵ˳ȥ
Ѧɶ˵˸ɫʾ뿪ŴͿţſȥҶߵ԰ԣһСãҲ߳⡣
˲£תͷʵղŰӵ˾˵ĺô
ѦɵͷǵģҶɣСơΪүүҶСβǺû˵ϱүӶģܲκҲܴƱѾˡ
Ѧǹһ˿Цݣ˵ѵܽѣԳȥˣš
ãѦɵͷӦһת߳⣬ϡ
ҶɼҴǰʵѦ磬үӿʼСƲ𣿡
Ѧ쳤һڴ˵ѾڿˣĥӲ˴˵үүܲܳɻ˵
Ҷɵ˵ͷллѦ磬СõĲ˺ܾãҲûָһʱֻܺҪҳϣܶҶҪ취κá
Ѧ˵ģүүҽ˵ǻõģܱǿ࣬ܲκҲҴƱҪŲӦòʲô¡
Ҷ⣬˵ֻҪһϣҾҪκСõĲһվ
Ŵ̧Ҷɼ£˵ģڵҽѧܷ֪ڹѾֻ֫ҪоͿ취ҳһҪСվ
ţҶصͷĿͶյķţϣڻ漣ƲסһţѦүκСõĲôֻеȴ
ʱȥյķȻûд򿪵ļҶһڰգÿһÿһ˵Ǽ尾
ŴͣߣӿǽߣɶܶܣɫӲߣһڹȻŽյķʼûж
֥鿪ţ֥鰡㿪šˣ֥鿪Űɡţ˫ƺʮŷŵģϣ﷭ȥһʶ˭˶һְڵĳ嶯
һСʱȥǰһСƬѾûһСʱȥ鵹Ҷȳϡ࡭
֨ѽһ򿪣Ѧüͷ˳ϴһĨŨŨľ⣬վſڵҶɿ첽˹ȥ촽⶯£ȴһҲû³
Ѧ̾˿˵ǲҲǲһѾͷȴҪзιǰʹ࣬ͷΪ
Ҷһʵүӣ˵ĻҲֻҪһ£СõȵܲΡ
Ѧҡҡͷ˵ͷޣõû취ΣֵûУ֪ɣ
ҶǰַסѦϸ첲ѦҲϹһ߸첲˰˰˵һˣǼٵȵȡ
ҶɷѦϻǰУƹ߽һɫСľ¥ļʲȫľƣ濿ǽλðһŰεΧΣϷһɰ豭
Ѧ̧һָ˵ȥǱ£ȿڲ̸


87 
ҶԷѦߵΧ£ϵɰҡҡСˮԥʵүӣҪҪһȵģ
Ѧҡҡͷ˵ˣͺãȥŹϣ
Ҷɿ첽߹ȥϷţΪѦϵһ裬ߵһΧǰ¡
Ѧ϶豭һڣʵСõĲӤʱʹˣƶϣӦòѪװɣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ûСϵģʱǸӤⲡʱˡ
ѦϷ²豭˵СӣһС˵ɣвٺʿȭɿʯ书·ݵܣŲʵҲ˴أ
Ҷü˼˼룬˵֮治У˴ڣ˼ʹӦҲǼͨһҲһ
ѦϵһЦ˵úܶԣ˵ȷڣԼСȦӺΪ׼һͬĳνߡ
ҶʣʵѦүү߸СõĲʲôϵأ
Ѧ̾˿Ȼйϵ֪ΪĹ߿ڼҹס˾Ѩλ˰죬ɥҸղΪСѾͷʱһ£˫ѪõȼҪѨüڼҹסŻᵼ°죬Ϊ
ѦϵĻشҶͷôҲ벻СõĲȻΪģǱʲôڼҹסֱ̫˼ˡȻԺһʵղŲ˵ô˭
Ѧ̾˿˵ȷΣ˵Ļֻ˰䣬ȻֵûУΪβʮǰѾˡ
ˣҶ㣬Ѧϣ߽ˮģһֱΪСκԸбһִһϣϣȴһ׹˹ȵס
ѦȻ˵˵ҵӣһλߣʮǰ˾֢þȫҲû취ջҶȥһĹңҹڹߵһУҲΨһʶĹߡ
ΨһʶĹߣҶԺͷһʵղŲ˵ԼȦôǾ֤⻹ߴڣֻҪҵ߲ǾϣκСõô
ѦϵıٿȻһ䣬ü˼˼ڵͷ˵˵úܶԣҸղŷСѾͷѨλڼҹʱȻ뵽ȴһֿܣֻҪҵߵȷϣҽСѾͷȣһҵĹڹΪڷСѾͷѨλĹ֮ϣҪ㲢ס
ҶĨһϵˮ⣬˵ܶҶҪκСõȣһЩڹߵ顣Ϊ˷ѰңҪ֪ܶڹߵ飬ֻܰǰλүӡ
Ѧ̧һָľ˵ȥ򿪹ӣڶװ·ив㣬Ķù
ŶҶӦһ߹ȥ򿪹ţڶһֽҿ˵װ壬·Ȼив㣬һķֽϳģϵװ壬ѹŹϣתصԣֽˡ
ѦϽӹֽ򿪣һѴʶ̵һƵװСӣѶ̵ϣСӵݸҶɣƽʱ̸ڹߵ飬Ҳʣ֪һЩղѾ˵ˣⱾϼһЩڹߵĶûȥȿѦɴҡ
ҶɽӹССķһۣ涼ǻɬѶİ׻ģһֹף˳ƪȻӵ¾е䣬ɵǺǺ֮ʼҲ֮ĸҲʳҲԹҲԹ衣ͬͬν֮֮š
һ;˳Ϊ֮ףͥΪ
صһЩʵޱȣͷӷȰһ䣬ǧ򲻿вͻɥ˽һЩڹߵͺãȥɣˡ
Ѧϳ˿Ҷɣʾ뿪
ҶպòӣѦϾ˸ʮһм˵ллҿ˾Ѧ
Ѧû˵ͷ˫ۣ¶һĨŨŨľ⣬ˣҪúϢ
Ҷɷ˲߳С¥˳ְѷϣתѦɺŴվԼ


88 Ļ
ŴߵҶɸǰ˵ҶӣղѾ׹ȥֲ֫飬źܿͻлˣұ֤һСվ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʱãѦϸղŸָ·ӣҪκСõȺѣҲȫûϣܶҶҪԡ
ʲô·ӣŴ¶һĨϲɫһץסҶɼ˵죬˵
Ҷ˵Ҳһ˵ģʱҲܸСãҪԼʱ̸ɡڹߵŴѦɣڻܸСã֪ԼСͱ˰˭ѹ
Ŵͷһ˵ãţȥĶ
Ҷ˵׼СΣ˳·һЩѧϰƷǴӿϱѧ
Ŵ΢΢һЦаһɴǡ˵һ룬ڴֻˣͳһۣ϶ʱ¶һ˿ŵı飬תͨ˵绰
Ѧǰߵ绰ߴߵŴͶȥһζЦݣѹ˵ôųֻŲֱˡ
ҶüͷʵѦ磬Сûڷ𣿡ڸСãҲ֪ղѦûи˵ʲôεû֮Ļ
ѦɵЦ˵ģţ
ˣǺزס¶ҪǰѦ˵ĸСþͲˡҶɫ䣬һѦɵĻʵ
Ѧɴڸղŵķ䡭δ䣬ҶѾȳȥ
Ҷð׳̵ٶܵһ¥ǰڵķڴһЦ
ţܳԣҪȥμʲôθһùھٻͦʵ
θֱҪһȥμӣһ׼ǰǿţģ⺩ȻٻһȥμӴθ
ܲμӴθ˶ǳܳԵģҿûǱ£ڳ߸û⡣
˵ĻͣڴθϣҲҶͷ԰ţӲûаѦ˵ĴСöлһҪԶٺõġ
ģаһõڶΪҿԳ˫ݡţŷƮҶ˸⽹ۣЦһԻ˽ȥ
ٻϣҶɽ¶һĨϲЦݣʵ磡ȥˣ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ղѦүӽȥ̸һᣬһЩ
ٻ¶һ˿ţʵ̸ҵȲô
ҶɵͷǵģȿκãҪٵһʱ䣬үӶҲû԰ƣָһ·ӣֻҪҵһλҽҽϣκȡ
ģٻһ͵ǰһ㣬ҿҶۼֿһѷסû
ҶЦȻģ缸ʱƭ㣿ֻѦϲ֪ҽϸסַܸҵֻһǰҽڱྩоסֻңܻҪܳһʱ䡣˵ˣѹ߻ҽױСýܡ
ٻʧĹ⻪˲ţ¶һĨǿЦݣ˵ǻʱ䣬ҡףƾôһѶϢҪҳһڴ룬һϣ
ҶͻȻһ߬סٻС֣һ˵Ÿ磬һҵҽκȣŮһκѶֹ𣿡
ٻͻľٶһ˵Ļ˲䱻жҸص˵ͷ˵ҶԶŸ硣
ҶǰᱧСã˵ڸȥһΣ˳ϲ·ݴȥ漸죬һѧ
ٻֹס粱ӣͷ͵һϸһĨκ죬һֻСöĸͣǰҲȻˡ
ĿţץźףһĽĵɶʱٻҲұһأһݲԷֵˡ⺩ѱӸԷصӲ˵Ⱥţ
ӣҶüһ䣬Сþֱ߳˷š
ŴѾѳſڣæʾϳ
˳Ŵ˵Ҷӣе㼱Ҫ첻ˣղŸѾϵʰҽԺ׼һõΣ͵ҽԺſڸˣϵ
Ҷɵ˵ͷУ㿪ûѾһ˸ƯƵͷ۵糸㳯Ժųȥ


89 ɫ
Ŵ͵ʰҽԺǰû뿪˸绰ҽԺĳλˣԼӹ⾰һλ˿۾İ״ҽһδӴſڿ첽˳
״ҽŴǰЦ˵٣ҪΣմ׹ڵģֻ̨ԴʶϵͳʮԻƣʱٿɴﵽÿСʱʮ
ŴִĻָҶ˵νҶپˣǮתҽԺ˺ϣһһ룬˽ͷ
״ҽƵҶɸţЦ˵αĴһݷ˵飬йܶϸܣҿԱ֤õΡ
Ҷɷסΰ֣αȡ˵齻ٻ˵һ飬ⶫ̫࣬Ūˡ
״ҽЦЦ٣Ҷ٣Ҿˣʲô⻶ӭʱϵһĽ𡣡
Ŵ˵ͷֻæȥлˡ
Ӧõģ٣Ҷ٣һټ״ҽת뿪Ҷɷ·һȳһգȻǸӡ
ŴӿڴһŽɫƬҶɿڴ˵ҶӣͲˣſȥ沽нǼݳƷרС·˳ԼҲףˡ
Ҷɵͷ˵ף㿪ŵ㡭䣡仰ɤۣŴХȥ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷתС÷Σ˵۲Ҫˣڴȥ·ҸӴ绰ԼһԷ
ٻ΢Ц˵绰˵ˣùþʰҽԺҵнֿ˼ߵ꣬רëߣÿѧȥæĩ˵ڵҵ
Ҷ˫һЦ˵ˣǾ͹ȥϲùõĵʲô֪𣿡
ٻ΢΢һЦ֪п۱Լ˼꣬Ǵùõͦġ
ҶЦСͷ⣬ǿӣˣ·ȥ˵γֶȥ
ҵнǱֵĵط֮һÿӴ̲ž޴ֵ̻Ȼתó֮Ϣɼﾭ̾׬Ǯġ
нֽһݳƷר꣬ĲǵһƷƣŮװЬñΣ˵۸񰺹󣬵Ա֤۳ÿһƷΪҵٲȻ˱ݳƷĴʣܶ԰ݳƷʱϵΪֻҪ˵һ䣬ڲнݳƷרģͲ˻ǷƷ
ҶС߽ҽ̻Ի͵ݳƷר꣬һλװͦСǰкӭٻݳƷר˺ŵԱܸΪҪʲô
ҶɱŪúܲȻ˵ȿûʲô
ԱСһɨϵЦݽݳƷ򹤵ʱҲˣһ۾ͿϴĶǺͨĴ·ղŵ˲併˱㣬˵ԣֲŪⲻ𡣡
ҶüͷԱ̬ͷһˬתһҲȻˣݳƷרĵԱһ˫ۣСô̳ͨ˱ɫûҪ˽档
ϸĵٻҲ˴ƣ˵磬Ҫǻһô
Ҷɵ˵û¶㿴ļֻ˵𹼸˴һ⡣
ӭٻݳƷרǰ˺ŵԱܸΪ񡣡Աʶתͷһۣλ۵ԱкŸսһһŮеķͷշ𣬲ϹһӴֵĴŮĽСһͷʱֲ˷һŹĨӷۣȥײҲҵģƫƫСͿúޣԭظӲһֹһ仰ݣ켷ɶˡ
رŮû̫ע⣬˺ܿͶĿķװϣȻķװ۸񲻷ƣʽ൱ٻܿ쿴һζȹװԼŵİɫڱأܶСϸȴ¶봴£ȹװŮװеλã׳Ϊ㡣
磬ײͦϲֿʽġٻһֱӱԼϲȹװǰһĸоϲ
ҶЦЦϲͰȽ˰⽫·ױġ˵תֶ̧վڲԶһŮԱ˵鷳ҰȹӰǻҪٹ䡣
ŮԱЦӯӯǰָȹװʵ𣿡
ҶɸӦһϸ˺ţǼζȹװȡԡ


90 è
˺ŵԱǻݳƷרҵõĵԱÿξһƷõһʲɣ׼ͨûƷ˵Ҳ޼ɵ
СҰζȹװȡλСԡ˺̧һָװɫȹװкŮԱȡԵĲ˷
СķԱҶɣ˵˼ղλѾԸҰζȹװˡ
˺Ƴһۣ¶һ˿м֮ɫ˵СʱҲˣǿζ𣿡
Сҧҧ¶һĨΪѵı飬ѯʵҶɣڵȴĴ𸴡
Ҷüͷ˵Ҫָ󵽣ȹҪˡ˺ŵԱͱ˵Ļͷһѻ𣬾ܻǮҲҪȹװ
˺Աһ£ϵı粻Ҫ֪ζϵÿʽһףҲҲڶףƫͷԵĲ˷أԲĵ˵ȹװֵˣˡ
ҶɵһЦлȻ٣ֻϵá
СЦ˵Եȣϸ
˵ܹȨ԰ɣɾһš˵ǲ˷ߵˣָһɫƬǵ⡣
˺¶һĨֺõЦݣ˵˿ܹȨ⻹ܰŻݣȫнʮţλϵĶȻģݵ
СһҶɣһǸ˵˼չ涨ֹĿйȨѡʽķװűһƷ
Ҷû˵üָİ˷Ů˸첲εε˵װģ̫ˣȥһúøл㡣
һЦѹ˵ߺŵζ
˷Ů˹ߵİͷ˻˵˶ˣŶ㡣
˱òͷ޲ҸضݺŪһأڴƬŮ˵ȥʲôˢһԤ𡣡
˷ŮЦøˣһڣһ촽ӡ˵ãһҪĺ㣬һúһ
˺ٺЦСȥˢɣҶȲˡ
˷ŮЦŴ˻ﳷ⳯еĹ˵ⶫǼСǮ򵽵ģεĴʲôȹӶ˷ѡ
˺ãҲŸ͵ݵֻڱѳλĿ˲ӵһŰһΪṩʵķ񡣡
ߣһƿƬ԰ʲôҶൽӡҶһָڴǯһŽλεĿƬ˵ҪģûҪģȨǰɣƨݳϰëǮϵ
ôлƽ𡭡˺ŵɴ۾ŽλεĿƬ˵ÿĿİͰͣ˭֪ƽӵʲôȨһεĶнţӵлƽĿ˳ӵŻȨ⻹һеԱСĽӴȨޡ
ӵлƽĿȨͲǵĵԱԱڡݳƷרԱڱõģлƽĿ˽깺ﶼܵ߹ĽӴΪ˭Ҳ޶˶˶롣
Ҷһ۴ͷƵİ˺ţְѹݸС˵԰Ұ·˰ɣһ·
СС˵Եȣϸȹװá
˷Ůֻסӵľëԭذηǰסѹ˵ƽѰλ⻹ҪϰнܵõϰʶʶҪǰ鴫鷳ˡ
ϰ壬׼ҲڲŴСﹺɣŵĹҵ԰˼𣿡һ٩ζŮӵת¥Ϸ𣬽һλķŮˣҶɼŮϵı΢΢һͣǼǰйһ֮ԵĻ
ݳƷרϰǻԭͲʲôܣǰܵǸ׼èֲ͵ȵŸ˽˵ǲôСﹺģϵεݳƷרʹһңſ⿴ݲڲŷĴ󵨽ŹŹǴ˳ģû뵽©һУѹû


91 
Ӽͷһתߵĳ嶯ڵֲߣֻӲͷƤ΢Цǰк
ܣŶǿͣҿǳĹλе飬ɱˡ˵治ɫĲƤ֮񿰱ﳤǹ䴦
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ϵķƵĲ˼£ܣд¶ǧܸ˵вغô
ĵı¿һǾŶ䶪ж׵ʽɵľֻҪ˿͵ȵ͵󣬵͵ĺ˰ۡ
üƤһأ԰һ˵Сɣﲻӭ㡣
ӲŭЦ廪˸Ҿ˵лܣߡ˵һ˷֣һܳ˵š
һվһ㶷İ˺ŵԱ˵ȥµнˮﲻֹۿ˵͵Ķ
˺ŵԱظ̾˿ҶȡƽһѾ㵽Լ³оԼȴе㷴ˣԴ¥ȥ
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ҶָգڨЦ˵û뵽ҵϰ壬֪ͲѴĿóˡ
Ƥĳգգۣ˵ûҾͺãղŴ绰ˣҰǺúô磬ɣұ֤һǴ۵ǡ
ʼԼĳŵò˵װ緽ƷζڼԵƷϤ̶ȣʲôʺСʱȥڵȻһ¡
ٻϲҶȴͨ죬ͷˣƴöоԼ˰ŪľżϡͿһ߶
һ鲮ֱҶӣ΢Цǰ˧СȻ˿װܵûһƴȥ͵ʵҡһ˱׼ĸҴ٣δĨεκ죬ǰˡ
ҶһεŻЦ˵ûУлô
Ŵ˵ͷ˵ʢ
ҶӣʵͷǮô̫ҿ𡣡
ҡҡͷǮϴβ˵ҪһܳôЩ͵Ƕɡ
ۼֵͷһλܳ´࣬ǸŵˣµĳŵһֱμͷֻҪлһ֣ר֮ɱһָݳƷŶܲɷ֡
ҶҲý飬΢Ц˵Ҷ¶ˣȻҾͶлˣһе˽Ҫ죬Է
Цð绰ɣԼ㣬ʱ;ͺá
ҶһͣǴôһ˵û뵽˳ݽڸĿѾˣֻܹԹԱԼĵ绰
ͳֻ˸ţ΢΢һЦԵȣҽ˰Ķ͹˵תȥһУΪŮǿ˷緶
һֱֳĬٻǳ˵磬ԽԽˡ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ㵣ü˵ʲôģһңǰûʲôͬ
ٻҡҡͷһ϶˵ָоˣϺһЩرĶȻ˵ʲôָоǲġ
Ҷʶĵͷһ˫֣ͻȻСһѣЦ˵СѾͷôһ磬һԶ䡣
ٻ˵бˣٻˣѾˡ
ҶḧСõ㷢˵ŬǵøãŸ硣
ٻ˵ͷĿţһ˿Բɫ˵бӦøˣ֪ΪʲôиĻǵǣһԽԽ浣гһմȥ
ż߹ݸҶɣЦ˵ˣ´ֱӴ绰ңټ
ټҶɰСã߳˵ţҸСƿȪˮ˳һʿ۱ڵλãû뵽̾б棬߹ȥ·̡
۱治ֻ̬ë޴ڵ࣬װõŮϲķۺɫϰ˸ëߣԵŵһŰڷŵԵӣһλŮԣվһݾֻ꣬Ĵ۾Ļ˷ܵı顣
Ҿ˵ɣһɱĿǮǮٵݣ׬һţһȥǧ


92 Ź
ңһֻСЧĺãһѾǧȻǱ൱ɹ۵ģԵĹҲͷԳ޲ѡ
ףֳٸǿĴˡŮ޵üһôС汻㵷ڳˣһֻ»ǧ鴿Ҳһֻ˿һͺá
ЦЦ־ʵСʺۣŵʵⲻûá
ҡһ΢βҶУôе죿̧ͷѭȥֻſվһε꣬Ц
Ҷӣһܵſڣֱͬʱչһ룬λӵһ
ã˸˰벽ֿҶ̧ͱһȭЦӣҪǲ׼㵽ʲôʱ򣿡
һЦתϵٻҶɳ˵ٻʲôû˵ţˡ
ҹ¶һҧгݵı飬߷Ȼ˵ͷţôʰ
Ҷѹ˵˵һҸطġ
תͷŮ˴裬õˣȥԸ
Ů˵ͷ˷˷ֱǴӦˣǰץסΰ֡
ףµġҵһʱ䷢ٻΣ̲סһ䡣
ҶЦ͵ģҪϲҲһš
ƲЦӣӲҷС컬ˡ
Ҷ˵ˣҸطԷȥӶˡ
ЦǰмҷƶţŲպҽ׬һʣǴһȥ
Ҷգգ۴ȤҪҪţӣǼһзԿ϶ƨƨܹ
Ҽ˸£Ц˰ɣϴǻз²˶٣ʮݣ˶ͣ˿߹ΧԷҺ޲ҸضȥǮҲںǻʵ̫ˡ
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ҽӹ˵˷ݸҶɣתͷ˵Ҫһţţһƿơ
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ٻӹ˵£˵ҲҪһʮţţþơ
Աõ˵Բ𣬱ûʮţţ˷죬ȫţžͲóˡ
ҶüͷʵǾͰ˷ٶ࿾ӣûɣ
Աԥ˼룬ͷӦû⣬ȥͨһ£Եȡ˵Ƿ˺׼ת뿪
أŮԱһתʵʵײһڿ۾İˣ˵һ˫Ѫ˿ŭһ˸񣡡̧־һƳڷԱϣһأĺһײٻӣʧ¡
ѽٻһʹֳסŮԱӣ¶һĨʹı飬ԭŮԱʱĽű
ƺ˲پƣ˷ԱһԲƶ˼ǰ壬Զװ˼Ҵҳﻹߴߴɴк˵ĵ
װڼ⣬Ѿ嵽ԣƺݺݳ㵵ķԱ
һ̵Ĳˮڰ˰µǰһϣ̵ѽһֽװͬһʱ嵽˽ǰһһҷ˰ˡ
ҶɷеĿղæƵСøǰһʵٻĽôˣ
ٻüҡҡͷһ£Ѿûˣ˵ĿͶ˶İˣѾִÿһƨƵĺˣɼ̵òᡣ
Ҷƫͷһ۰ˣ赭д˵ƤͦģһˮݶûУֺ˾ôĻɫ͸
ҲǸµվЦ˵ѾˮãȵЧҲ̫ţһ
˾˴룬˵ĻŭƵʹܣ̧һָҶɣߴߴС
װһݣڳҶɳ˹Ҫǰ֡


93 ּ½
Ҷиɣ˶˺ѣ˭ҪǶƴϧһдۡŮԱһᶯ֣ȵСý˾ͷļɻ䣬Ҫ
ҴһתξٹͷȻֱЩͦǿֻҪװҶҶɶкȥ
Ҷұһչǰ˵ϹأţӲϡ
¶һĨЦ˵ЩûţԷˣ鷳󡣡
ǰҲܣܴǿţǺǻǸ׼Ĵͷǻᵥ׳СһҴǸ͵ģӸשͷɶһѺ֣潻սŰܣŶûС
Ҷƽʱƽشܺٶ֣ݵǹӲҪԾܴţҲҪĴзּѪԿǣǾ
Ҷ̧ߵԵĹϣų嵽ǰĺװȶ֣顣
װһһҳ嵽ǰͬʱȭͻҶţһﶼǱһĽɫȭֳֿҶзһױܹȭ˫ͻס˽͵һơ
Ҷõģţǰ¸СʱùУʱѿţˤ˸߻أֻһΣڶζԷ˷Ͳˡ
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ҶƷװû£һ嵽˸ǰǶӺϣžžԴࡣ
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Ҷ˳һѾס죬̧ٿͣԭҡҡ׹Ĵһţ˸©Ŷ
˻֪˭Ҫ㡭˴ѪĿˮǣ˿£һ˫Թ֮۽ҶɣžһĶδ˵ĴʶֱӶ»
ҶŰϵǰһָͷԵģҹ˭ȶִ˵㣬ˣ㣬ô˫۾ţá
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ԣѾݺݳ顣
ģӺһ
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Ҷüͷɿ˰죬ָվһԵŮԱ˵ӦǸ
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ŮԱǰĳƱҲ֪ջǲգֻܰĿͶһԵҶɣλֵ˧ø⡣
ҶɵһЦţǮӦõģͷȥ۵ɶһϵָӡֻĸ˲
ŮԱǿЦЦֽӹ˳ƱתҶ˵лл㡣
Ҷӣ׼ϱͱһ£תͷһʹɫŬŬ⡣
ͣƷĹҶͷһһϤף½ơ
ҹ򶨵ЦЦˣǻطȥ
Ҷɵ˵ͷǰС÷Σ첽ſȥ
ԶԶ뿪û˭ǰǶĬѡ񱣳ֳĬ
Ҷߵſڣøŵ½ƴ˸棬ͷ׼½Ƴš
½ҲҶɣϵıһͣ˽ŲƫͷҶɣŵʵô㣿
Ҷ֪㲻ֻ̧ͷ¶һЦ˵ɲôôˣͻͻȴѼƵĴк
½С磬һСÿ죬޲ȥݺҧҶɶ⣬λͬעֻǿסͷŭ˵참˾ٱ˶Ź
ҶĨһϵװЦ˵æţҾͲˡ˵߳˵ţһ΢Ůʲô֣
ʮ˺ţҶͷҲصĴһ䣬θһѸ뿪ɵֲǻô


94 ʧٰ
½˵ĴֱҧֲԸȥʢʶԵ׵¶ֻ۰ͰҶ뿪Եͬµһ䣬Żع˽
һ˽½֪ǰñ׵ĵ˻ãǴ˵ľȻ뿪ļһͬ¶Ǽһ˵Ц½ѯʵĶԩûҸضȥȻҪǼһͷϣ´˶ÿ
Ҷɲ֪½ٵδʱһһãѾԶ벽н֣ҲصĹſյԻʲôţҪζˡ
Եһ룬ҶɶСõ˸ɫĵ˵ͷȡƱǰ˵磬ǵǷծѾˣǮ㣬л
һϵĳƱ̧ͷһҶɣʵҶӣǵծĻˣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷǰŽּ˸©׬˵ǮծˣʣµǮӦÿԹҺСõѧͬճˡ
ҵ˵ͷϵǮպãЦ˵Ҿ֪۸бµģ¾Ͳˣ֪С׼ȥļѧУ
ҶһƬţŽ΢Ц˵һУѧѾףʱѧȴСȥμһᣬ͵ɢɢģٰĶ顣
˫һ˵ðҲһУ۸ֿһˡ
Ҷɵͷѧʶһλ磬ͦģܸʶ
ҵͷУִʶһҲãˣС˺ö࣬ղţ߯ˣĺӱƳȥüףҪˤô鷳ɾʹ󿩣Ժŵ㡣
ҶȻһ˫֣ղŰװƷɵ¶ͷҲһ£Ҫעˣ˫̫󣬲򲻵Ѳʹãôʰ
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Ц˵ղȹǼͦģֲҪ͸úݺݳ顣
ҶɿЦˣҲˣ»ŵͶˣԷ
һٷСͷҼ굥ϳʱ˳ȥƶţŴһЩϣˤĺװûд󰭣Ǳʳͷѯһľ֮
ҶɴСûصңڣһڿ˵ӡ
Ƶе̨ŵһţ˿ʧٰھѾȫ׷ʧ˿䡭
ҶɺĿţһʧ˿Ѿﵽ˶ʮˣϹʧԱϢһ⣬жʮ˶סݺ·ʮ˾סڽԷС
ʧ˿ڼԼסظһҶɵľ裬Ҳһģ˿ʧٰĹͬɣ
뵽屻˰죬Ҷ첽ߵǰͷèǰ飬վƷһСƽͷṫһˣøţƵģů}ûš
Ҷ˿˷ţ̧ͷ¶һĨ㵵ı飬ʵ˭
Сƽͷһʵ˽ԷС˺ű¬׼ѣʲôˣ
Ҷɴͣڼҡ
ţСƽͷʵ֮˺ű𣿡
ҶҡҡͷҸСãⷿ⻹Ŵɨ
СƽͷһͷʾǵЧ֤˵ʱϲ۾ˣڲ׽ԷĳЩϸ΢ı仯
Ҷɲһóſڣ˵ǽϰ֤
Сƽͷһڿɳϵٻҡҡͷȥˣ֤óҵǼǾͺá
Ҷת߽䣬ܿȡ֤Сƽͷв鿴˼뽻Ե
һС򵥼¼֤һЩϢݻظҶɣѵûбҪٳţʶİ˴ڨҪ񣬷쳣Ա
Ҷһ˿ãԥ˼صͷˣٳš
̧еС˰ڣ˵ˣס˵Ļ𵱳ɶԷ磬غŰɣ˵Сƽͷ˸ƣת뿪
ҶɴĻһЩҰ֤ǸӣҪ˿ʧٵİӣͷһִδйΣУЩҪһСĲУһȥǸѡ񡭡


95 
ϲ棬ϲ棬ԷС𱬣Ƶ±ζرˣԹһرҪԵڶأÿ첻һ졣
ʳͻյ±ͷʲô⣬ĴһȥһΣûκ⣬Աһ±˸ɾԺ󻹳ݵĳͣÿ̵һ棬һϰ඼ᾫ档
Ǹˣµһֺ滹һƢܿЦӭˣƬͷĻҲҪĴָһƢϼʮŻ׳԰׺ȣնЦӭǷ羢ð׳˼صĻҲԹǮ
Ѿݴȵʱʰһһϴ߳˵ţһϲƣ̬·ɣʱ߽һƧ˵Сͣ½ŲӿڴһƤСɨѸٴ˿ڴֵôƽϸƤģҲ֪ζ
䣬˫âźڴ𣬻һƮӰбӹڸǽۼʧ
һҹȥշȦ⣬й־ֳ칫ҵƹδϨһް߰׵ڰ칫Եϵİ״̻ҸбżʮͷխСĿռһǺǵζ
ǱйֳŴ꣬ǵ˶̣ȼղȥеķգʱȻǵѾȼ˴룬һش仡̻ϳ˼ССƣֻҪһͻ䣬š˫üһĨᡣ
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ŴǰǴĳתҵطĸ߼٣֪ĶԶͨҪ֪֧࣬ڵ֮һֱ֧߲Ͻ˵еÿһԱǾǿߣǵݾԱܣִֻгʱŻᶯ֧飬һضǿҡ
žֳ֤ϣվһԵṫ˰ֵСλӣȥʱŹϡ
СṫӦһӷڰ칫棬תŰϡ
ͷв£֤Žڴ˵ž֣з˿ʧٰѾִλķ룬֣ȫϡ
žֳһʵõģһϣ֪ʲôƻأ
ͷ¶һ˿صЦ⣬˵ǵļƻܼ򵥣ȳԼ档
棿žֳһͣܿ뵽һԵһͷ˵ãϣܾȫЩʧٵˡ
ͷ̾˿¶һĨϧı飬˵Ҫǰܺ߼Щ˺ܿѾزˡ
ʲôžֳϵٿȻ䣬һĨ߽ӵɫšüĳһĴ֣ͷļϵƬТ飬һƯŮˣϧѾزˡ
ʮʻŮٶУˣѣиԵҵǣڶӰʲôȥѵǵЩ˶Īıɱˣ
ǽ̽Ҹôȥžֳӳ˼͵̧ͷɰ칫ѾտҲһһŮ֪ʱѾȻȥ


96 Դ
ҶɾͿʼˮͰĨɨСٻҲߣܶæЭæСʱѱϸɨһ飬˸ͷ󺹡
Ҷվڻ԰룬ŸݰӴſڣɵЦݣɨͿԺ޸ĴСȥ漸죬ԣһʲôѧ֮࣬ʼѰصĹߡ
磬ʲôأͷһҶһݰͷЩƵ°ͣƫͷСãһʪë
ɶʱҲһʱЩèè֡ҶЦŷ°ӣԹԵͷ˻𳵡
ٻëڴϸĲã˵ƵģҲϡⷿסž̹ͦġ
ҶɴëںϲѣЦ˵ⷿӺǺãվǵģҪôһ˼Ҳզ죿
ٻ˵ʱ˵£ڵǮҪʡŵ㻨ǰǳ˵Ҫϸˮô
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ٻ˵磬ڲȱǮҲ̫ྫ׬Ǯ档
ҶڨڨһЦôһ˵Ǯⶫþͺã̫˷˵ǣǳȥͰɣȥ̨ԣߣ˵Ժ᷽ܶࡣ
ٻ˷ܵ⣬Ц˵õģ˵ҾͿܶѧϰϣǲ̫ģþͺá
Ҷסΰ˵Уһģȥ·һȥԡ˵̧ŰѲݰߵһԣγȥ
һӺ·ǰһ˵±ζٻɲͣΣתͷʵ磬ҪǾҳ԰ɣ
Ҷƫͷһ¯ǰæĵϰ壬Ժлֵʾԥһµ˵̫ãʲôĿ̫ܲɾǻǻһҳ԰ɡ
ٻӣ¶һĨı飬˵磬ԣ˷棬ﻹζ۾ҳһ
ҶһСãЦû취۾԰ɣұȥ
ٻ¶һĨЦݣ˵лл磬Ҿ֪ٻˡ
ҶûдŵŽͣ£С߽ţſֺϰ壬棬һʣһţ⡣
ϣϰβЦӦһ¶Ŵּץ¹
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׳߽źȻʳеĽ㣬ͣ˲תƵ󣬸һŵĻһλŮݣظߣӾһǿҵķ
ҶɼŮλŮǰһĸоһԲʷȫһŮҰ޵ϡ
׳ŮʱѾֻλ׳ϸ߽ŵʴٻ£ŮҲ߽ŵҶɶ档
׳תϰ壬ţ档Ĵɤźƺؾף˶Ĥ顣
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ҶɿЦųŬŬ涼ˣ԰ɣ
ϰ첽ߵԣǰ΢Ц˵λԣ治ټӣǮ
Ҷɰ׼õ㳮ݸϰ壬ӹƱ˲˵ָɱĴһ
ײУʳͣããʾڶһƼֹҶһ˿ң̧ͷӭһ˫ӣֶŮȤĴԼ
Ŀһ֣ҶһЦӵͷ棬һ죬㡢ʡζڴݼӳ£˽סֳµڶڡڡ֪һ汻ư˸⣬һԾδ
ϰţ˴󺺺ŮǰƫͷһҶɣ΢Цѵһ׻ܺúȵģõǳţ
ŶҶޱӦһǵĴƿָƿ˲䣬һֻͻָһץ˴ƿ
ٺ٣ŮϲԴףҲϲԴףŮˡôƿ׳˵߶߶һĳҶɻ˻δƿ͵Сƿȫ涼ŵһӴ̱ǵζ


97 ԰һ
ˣ׳еĿƿضϷһ죬ҶЦЦ˼һµˣҪϲԴϰһƿ
Ҷû˵˫۷鶢ϵĴƿԺгһɫȦ㻷ƵСˣС˱ת¶һСҶŵĸһͻ˸
軰ݣѵϵʾҶһͣôô
Сӣ˵˭Ƕ׳ɫһ̧һϣĸȻһ룬ˮˮ
Ҷͷӿһŭ߬ȭͷվڱһ£תͷһСһŵԼ˫ȭȻһɣ˰˵Ҳû˵㣬㲻Ƕ˰ɣ˵ֱСã첽߳˵š
׳°һ˵Сתʶ࣬øƽϡ
ԵԲʷŮһۣģûôģ˼㲻Ƕʲôõɪģ档
׳ϸ˼ͽȻһŭ𣺡Сӣҹ´˷ǽƤϧôѾˣֻԲʷŮĵĿ⡣
һҴۺϵǣֵƷַ࣬ҲƷƵԣҶɽŶԵͷûʲôǵƷƣѡԵܼ򵥣С
ʱ٣ѾʲôݳƷͨͥ䱸˵Ǹֵڴ⣬ûרҵ֪ʶҪҪǿڴгƱ
ۼٻԶԶбһŵר̧һָ˷ܵ˵磬ǱԵģǹȥơ
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷο첽ߵרǰһλŮԱ߹кλãӭٶǣʲô԰ﵽ𣿡
ҶС㷢ϸ˸˵ϲĿֻ˵ˡ
ٻЦ˵һ̨ԣܽһԼ۱ȸߵԸô
ŮԱЦȻԣյ»ɫƯԼ۱ҲܸߣҿԴȥǱ߻ơ
ȥˣĵԲǣͿԡһϷʵҶתͷȥŴٱŸ첲վЦеԼ
ŴмߵҶɸǰ̧ͱһȭЦСӣ֣û뵽һͷ˵ǡ
Ҷ򣬿Ц˵զ֪֣֪ʹ㳵
ŴЦСаʵɶˣ
ҶһãȻҡҡͷûɶȥ˼·ѳ˶ٷ
Ŵ΢΢һЦװСӼװƶţǵ¶ô㣿
Ҷһͣ˼Żعʵ磬ô֪ģ
Ŵ¶һĨı飬˵粻֪С˻֪˭÷ˣ˵ǸʲôפͶ̻ḱ᳤׼Ͷʰ쳧ģСӳͦݰӺȥû˳ûˣ̯¿
ҶüͷﲻЩǣšûˡʲô᳤ͷξͦ˵ģǻˬ죬û뵽̯һ鷳¶
ŴĬҲٶգգ۵˵ģ¶ȣҴķԱǸбûֻԣǰװ
Ҷڷƶţ˵ɱݳƷרһλСĵԱʱڳţţܿͨŴŴ͸鵽ŮԱĳλ쵼ֶŮλ쵼ʾһҪΪֶŮָ˵¶СǮꡣ
Ҷɳһڴ˵磬ҺôҪ̨ԡ
žŴִ̧˸ָЦ˵ղŸ粻˵һ̨ôСȥͺˣҵϼŵĲҵ͵ССȰŹô̫ˡ
ţʲôҶһ㵣ŴָָɣͷһƣƤһ󷢾ԭˣš
ҶİѿϣŴǰ˳ΣŮԱ˵ţȥ
ŮԱʶŴ٣̬Ҳøڣ˵ѡԣСͷٻѡһ̨ۺɫǵĳŴٴһӣǩԼҵĶͼȥС˼
ٻŵ԰ͷϲã޲ھͻȥһ³ȤŴȴһرĵطж԰


98 ׺С
๲ͬһ԰ʦѣʱºܶද԰ֻҪÿ꽻һķþһֶֻ֧Ǯƶľסͻʳ԰Щϲİʿ˵һȫĺð취
߿ʱȥ԰Ķȡιʳգʱ˽ǵ״ЩеĶעĹذҲЩ˰ﵱһָʱֵ⡣
ŴڵȦв˸ָĶһǰΪ˸ϸʱҲһֻԴӸֻӴ˴˼ĳֳ޷Ĭʱͻֻ˵䲻ŵģһһʱԶȸ˻һʱҪ
ֻգŴΪף˳Ҳ졣
ŴɫʳƷϸʯ̳ɵС·ϣŻХԳ䣬޺𣬲ҶôѯʼЦ
ֶзԽǵòĶԽ˲ԵֵŴٹͣһ·ͶҲࡣ
Ҷͣ˽Ų˵磬Ҫٲ˵԰ʲôҿɴСÿȥһ˹ֲ׵ġ
ŴתͷеϴЦ˵һλСѹգתǰ͵ˣһϲġ
ٻ¶һ΢Цʵ磬ȸʲôô
Ŵ˫΢У˵ҲȦˣһֻС꣬СκζﶼͨԣǼһϲġ
ҶһϷʵ˵ŪԭֻС꣬ζͦرģˣǰիɣ
իŴһ˿ãʵСʲô˼իһ𣿡
Ҷһĵ˵ͷǵģʱרҵ鼮дġ
Ŵ˫һЦ˵飬СӶͦģСոһ꣬Ǹʲôիơ
ٻ˴һۣЦ˵ˣǻȥСɣ
ŴٺһЦˣ籣֤ǿСһϲ
ŴĴתС·ǰԶиƯƼҶĴˮأСиɽᣬָָ㡣
ʲôȫİ׺ëûǶ϶Ƕ˯һʱŮָڵļɽ߶ݣʧı顣
Ůվһˣ˳úﶪģһ˫㶹⣬ʱŮЦ׺һڶ࣬취Ū˵ӵϿ˿Сʯָ⣬դ϶飬˦ְСʯɽ
žСʯڶڵƲƲֿ˼ʯϣ̧׼ӡ
žһ촫йֽһڵϣղŲʯͷڷϺݺݳһƣ˾վǰ
˵ľŴггʯͷŭɶеĴͳ˦־һĶ⣬ûĵļһ͸ó顣
ش룬ֳŵһµһȭŴճֱŴٷһ˸ͷսһ
Ŵǰ־סжë˦һƳϣģŲҪ⣬ʯͷӸȫȥ
֪򲻹Ŵֻܿģ磬Ҵ´Ҳˣ͵Ǹƨҳ𣿡
Ŵ۶ųУһѣȵӿ㡣
վȾܣŴתŷǰֻʣ˶˸ɾ
Ŵ˴ߵǰĹĵ˵Щ˸ɾϻض԰ϻǱοҵͷѪģֲҪ͸ôк
Ҷ̾˿¶԰ܺѶžСȥš
Ŵһ˵Ҳǲܣ԰ط̫ز㣬Ǵͷ￴Ϲʱƻ˶ˣһҪ취Сȥ
׺ꡭٻһ˵̸ƫͷȥֻһֻС׺Ӽɽ˳
ֻС׺Լаͨѩףһë׵Ĵβͱ廹Ҫһ۾ȻǺɫģĺ챦ʯ߳ͣ˽ŲƫͷһǰˣͽȻͷ˹
Ŵ׺˲вȫ׵Ժ󣬶ЦеС׺Сˣ


99 СŮβ
С׺һСŴǰͷդԱŴָܴƤë
ŴʳָդḧС׺ͷ˵Сԣˣ˺óԵģ˾͸ͽȥ
С׺ĻƵģ﷢ת໽̧һֻǰצָģ˵Ĺȿɰ
ٻ˷ܵ⣬˵Ưİ׺𣿡
ŴƫͷһЦԱ˱У椶Ҳˡ
Ҷ̧һָˮطЦ˵ˣǸԲԲ椶԰ɣ
Ŵתͷѭָķȥ¶һĨõЦݣСԱΣͦϸĵ椶Сչˡ
˵ʱѾܵǰĨһѶͷϵĺ飬˵磬ղȥιʳˣǼһӣǻ̶Աȥ
Ŵ¶һ˿֮ɫü˵ղиһʯͷСҿ缰ʱ֣Ҫզ죿
ϵıЩΣͷ˵ΪղŶִǼһ԰Ŵ绰֪ͨϸϹ˵ˣȿ˽ȥСŹأ
С׺кէ̧ͷ໻դҡͷβߵԣڵȴοš
ȡһԿףǰţС׺һ˳СܼŴСԴǰһĥ䣬ĺͯ
ŴС׺վ˵СʲôóԵˣȣ͵˺ô
С׺̧ͷ鶯ºСӣֻ챦ʯ۾ϵϴѾƾȷʳλá
ٻװʳĴӳСһ˻Σ΢Ц˵СԶܺóŶ
С׺໽ͷ˹ȥСһŴŲ˼ӣ˸ʵţٿٻеĴӡ
ŴС׺ԴЦϺǣ㻹ͦԸģ㣬СãǱߵҶֵܣ̫ˡ䣬С׺˫һ˳ȥ鶯ڵͿһۣһ׹Σȷе˵ٻеĿȡ
ಣٻֻһᣬѾС׺ߣСһŴӺαһŽԾžһ䵽Ҷɻ´üһֻצס󷽷
ٻϷһĨκ죬ŴȵС׺˵СͷΪʲôұ
С׺̧ͷһۣ໼ͷȡ
ŴЦСֻĸ꣬ϲŮԶ
ٻСƫаԱС׺Ҷ˵磬Сͷұ
СҶ΢ЦӦһС׺ҪŽСûСһŰֻȣצסصǲȥٻǻģ̿
ٻС׺ִֹȵģһ̣̾˿ˣǿˡ
䣬С׺һٻУϵŰֻȴģĽСһôβ͵ţСצţûаŪ
ٻ΢Цḧ׺ͷ˵ôСղǹⶺأ
С׺̧СצָָҶϵϴʾٳһֻȡ
ٻЦ˵磬ѿùСһﻹأ
ҶվԭһϵıһƬľګСõĻţԺֳһֻɫȦΧƵС׺һջҡڵβͣէһۿȥһֻİ׿ȸ˸ǵƺ⡣
׺βӡããʾʱҶϵıٿȻһ䣬뵽仰ĳʱڡͿɽ衷еǰ䣬˼ǹµİ׺꣬Ÿβֳִ
βһֹŴеޣ˵ʱͨ죬βὥӣ񻰴˵ж˵ǻóĵŮˣƻǣĳЩ˵˻Ķһֱ
ǰС׺ƽ⣬ʮ㣬ѵδɵľβô뵽ҶͷƲסһִ˵е־У෴ӿһǿҵ˷ܣβֻĸģ֪᲻ĳβͣʱ仯һεεĴŮ
磬ʲôأٻ϶һ˿֮ɫȻ˼ȡ
ûʲôҶɴӳ˼лعڷһ䣬ǰϴݸСã˳СβһССͻ
໣С׺͵תͷϵƤŶҶŰɭɭСģ·ڷ棬ҪСŮβͣ


100 
Ҷɰһ¶һ˿ϷʵЦݣ˵üһһβ;ҧˣβҲð
໣شŭĵͺС׺˻СצǵûиԷɰ巴ļһںβһ£ֻܼмʾ顣
ٻϽС׺תȥ˵磬׼۸С
ҶڨڨһЦ̧Ӻ׶˵ҶһԲҵĲˣлҲһֻҪͣҪǹġ
վһԵ⻰ʱ˾ǰЦ˵ĻҿΪϢող˵ھУ֪ûȤأ
ҶһٻеС׺ʵ֪˵ʲô
¶һ˿˷ܵı飬Ц˵һͷճõС̣ͣǹġ
ӣҶͽȻ뵽һ¶üʵӲŸճжϹĸѣô֪ͣ
ҧҧ˵ӸճҧȳСǣĸмζҧҿԱּʱžСһСǱסˣҪҪһʲСķãҲ˺ܿܽͻᱻ԰
ǲʲôϡ֣԰ΪһõСǶ̫ɱСǳ쳣ûκγĵطһ˵ָճСһûԸ⻨Ǯȴֻһ֣
ҶЦʵÿҪǮҿɲǴö
Ŵ٩Լû˵Сٿһֻﻨ˶ǮǷݸһˣ椶úܣҪۿ㣬Ūȱ첲ȵĸ
һͷұ֤Сܽº԰ܻܿͬΪΪǲϡ
Ҷ˵ˣٻСգҹȥС̣ｲǸԵݣ֪
˵õģҴȥҪ׼ճõС̸Сûģͨ
Ҷɰ˰ֵģͨûνҪԵ·ɣ
ûٶ˵ʲôҶɳˮطȥ
Ѳ̫Զƹˮس׾͵դ̦޺ļɽˮſżǣǼҲûа־裬̧ͷĴǷɹ̫
Ȼʳߣͽý侲Žᣬǰ⼸Ƿֶ裬ǵ۾Ѿûã
⻹ôҶ¶һĨŨŨʧǰǣǣս޻ڵǣ໽еǣ֪ǵĺôһģأ
ȿȣע˹˵С̺ĸǶѺĸ䣬Ҵȥ
ҶһۼǣʵСǵô
ҡͷǣѾˣ˵ǰ⼸£ǰͦģ󶼳ģ
Ҷüͷһ˷ܵ⣬˵Сֵȥƣ·ɣ
ЦЦҶƵѺ󷽣һשСƽӦþνĸˡ
ͳԿ״˽ȥҶɸϽŶߵſڣһɵȳζƮǿףüͷŸ˽ȥ
ƽڵĽṹҶµΪһһСϲһĸǣþĿˣС̣Сһǻû۾ıǰӽĸǣΪֻ֪ĸԲȫġ
վСԳҶ֣һ˷ܵĴ۾ˣۣ̫ˡ
Ҷɿߵԣ˫룬һֻƳСǣȻСȴԳƵϴͷСǻڣһ˫С۾ˣߣֻſԭػŲӡ
˵ǳҪһϲŻ۾ųˣֹ¶ǰûһҪ쳣˷ܣͳֻʼСգСһԸ˸ƵģȻܲϵİתǽڡ
ƺЩˣִԵդţ߽ȥֻλСգСһȻվܣͣתλСԴզ࣬˼ûĵһա


101 ָΪȮ
ҲǸִһԵļȡֻķ״ϣһСǡ
أС׹էͽȻſںݺҧϣԴбһ˦ֻһ죬ױӲСһָ׸ǴСĻڡ
ڣҶ̲סһճõСҧ쳣ǿ󣬿˵ҧСǵ¶٣Сһòĸչ˺Ѵ
ô׵İСǣһֻֻСԴ˼Ƭĵ˵ͷЦǸ֪ôСһˣ˼ҲҪɾͲҿ
С̵͵ؽȻͷתҶɣֻһְͷת˻ȥ
ҶҲ׺С̶ȤߵԣСԴָͷ޵ɲǣС׹⣬̧ͷһҧָ
ϣҶɾһ͵ָ֣⴫һʹУһƲŷʳָ⾹СҧһСƤѪ˲ӻð˳
ΣʲôһͺȴһһСžવ˵ϣڵһĸɵݣش˸ûˣ͵ͽ
Ӹ߽һɫˣߵθǰһۣһָŵϵСһ˵˵Ҫ㻹˹ʲôҧ˰ɣ
ҶѪָ㶳֮ɫԭֻһճСû뵽СſھͰ˸ҧˣСˡ
ΣǴλģղ⣬ȫԹңٸһλᣬһҵСǡ
סڣһŭȴεĻһ˵˵Σնû˻ԸûֵĶ㿴λ֣Ҫʲô㸶Ρ
Ƕ԰һҪĴĿһĶѱɰͣǶ֮õĻԣĶҲҪһʱѱܴﵽ׼ָճСûԸ쳣ͣ԰ľ
֪Լ˻ԲԸ⴦СǣΣԸеλƷãٸһλᣬһᾡСҵˡ
ҡҡͷСԱԶаǺõģʱҪýʵܰķģҪǲ㶯ִҴлɽԱ
γĬˣ֪ԼѾС̵СǲúᱻɽԱߣǼһһֱӰ˵ҲһֽѰɣ
Ҫȥιϻ𣿲ҵˡҶɰѪָһڣѪѾֹסȴƽղűСҧ˲ԺֳһɫȦΧƵСǣֵʾٳû
Ŷüͷ΢תͷһҶɣ˵չ涨԰̭ĶֻǴǲ۵ģСǵЩ⣬ҪҲǲУǡ˵һȻɲһֹģ
ҶüͷʵʲôõǵģһιϻѵҪʲô𣿡
ηʵ֪СȥҪŻ׼أ
Ҷɵ˵ȥţܲôϼ졣̣Ҳ۵İϷ۽á
һ˵ǲǹҪȥ鷳ȤĻҲûа취˵ƫͷ˵ȳȥҸλлҪ̸
ţӦһʶȤת뿪˸䡣
μԶ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ҫҵи취Ա֤һܴؼǷҪһЩ
ҶɵЦʵ˵Ǻð취ʵǮҲǿԵġ
ЦСȥҲȼ԰һ£һһȮ֤ǣһֻҪμͿˣԺκⶼ뱾԰޹أҲ̫ߣǧɣ
Ըָ¹ΪָΪȮõȨִǮҶɵǺϲ취ǧһֻͷСǻ⡣
뵽Ҷɺˬ˵ǧû⣬ʲôʱǮڴôǧֽ𣬵ԴˣǮһֻҲǲ֪᲻ͬ
ЦĻڸǧһºٸǧһ˰С÷ʷֵġ


102 
ҶͳǮǧ齻ΣӹƱֱӴڴӿڴͳƬЦе˵ҵƬʲôԴĵ绰
ҶɽӹƬһۣЦ˵õģлˡ
˵ҾˣȸСһһ¸飬ıҧˡδ˸ת뿪Ҳû뵽һ׼ϻСǾȻļǮ뿪ʱ·ƨƨߵġ
ҶɶסСǺƤԼ˵СһҲ֪ܲ˻ղŵĻҲˣҪιϻһǧԪСԹһº㡭
С̱ƤҲû취תͷֻֻӶҶɣ߶߶
棬ԹԺеʾʾĳֱҪ࣬ȻǻɬѶ
棿СϹϵɣɴԺͽˡҶɴ룬С
֣ܺʱһչ˺棬һºϣܺúô
Ҷתͷβ֪ʲôʱվüۼһĨЦ⣬ŷ椶ԭҲͦġ
Ů˵ŮҪʣһһЦһһ͸һĿεİģԶעİһرʣʱġ
ҶС̣Сһ궯ƺѾƽСͷָ⣬ѱһֻĹ͹
һĨ죬ʵˣôˣ
ҶվЦЦԭ򣬵һܴ˸ղҸĵڶˣ˲ӵҰƵģ֪ȥҲǰ״ֻܹԹ
ƶǶĵ˵ͷС̣û뵽Сһ໵С
žҶָһǱСһԴϣСʵ㣬ղŸ˵Ķ𣿡
أСһʹУתͷСڶƵҶɣԹԵı͡
ҶɰС̵ݵϣЦ˵ҿһľģҪôŻ
αС̣ḧԴ˵ǲСģ绰ɣԺһᶨ㱨ĽҪǰһϵˣϵҪҪһ¡
ҶɱԼֻţСԴ˵û£ͲƵƤչҺܷģʲôѴֻܸҴ绰ͺá
Цлл㣬غѰɣʱ䴴ٸСӦҲˡ
ҶָָСʵҪһôСá
Сڵϣ˵ģСһֿܴ磬˾ͿԴȥˡ
Ҷûж˵ʲôϸĵԱչܷġ
˻صʱŴС׺˵Ҳ֣С׺Ŵ֮·Ѿһֳ޷Ĭһһô˳ۡ
ҶߵŴԣСβһѣЦ˵һͷС̣ͦ׵ģ±Сһ档
Ŵͱһ⣬˵ҼССŮҰӻ쵽һ𡣡
ҶЦβ͵СŮҪϲ취ؼȥˡ
ŴС׺⻬ļ˵СǶ԰ǣѾֹһ԰СǶûͬ⡣˵ʱĿͶΣ֮ǰΰٳɹС飬һֱûнŴЩ
Ŵһۣ˵ʵҪСҲûа취ǰҲ˵ҪȽϵÿºóԺúȵĹţ԰ǲͬСġ
ŴƲϵܣ߸սʱ޶޲
ˣŴ˵ģ׺С԰ǶǮ˺ֻܶ࣬ҪϢųȥ϶кܶʱ򷴶Ūɳ׾
ҶЦЦҾôһ˵ʵСרչҲͦõģҪȥ죬¶Ȼĥ취
Ŵ¶һĨζЦݣ˵֤ŷֻǺ춯ͰѷɻƱˣ˵ҲЩ뽣ˡ
ҶЦʵ֤û⣬СҲòˣǲҲˣ
Ŵ˵ͷİС׺͵λУ˺һŴ뿪ҶرһС׺Ŵ뿪ʱ챦ʯ۾ﾹˮ⡭


103 ¥
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ҶӲͷƤСӴԿһ飬֪صһŹ书С칦Ź˷Ϊ״̬
ߣָδʱĸ̥е״̬ʱˡšһ־ޱȵһĸ̥ɽתˡ족ԭġšὥʧֱʧŵʧ̲Żֹ
칦ܣŵĶٺʧٶע˵״̣ųǿ彡ٲ֣٣֮˾ͻּõȻҲ̵öࡣ
߿ͨʧٶȣΪȫƞŵʧͨʹ֮ѭӣﵽϢľ硣תΪһˮ룬һ˵ſʼת̥֮
Сص칦ɾ죬ֻ߲ǿߣŲɢٲݣֻ߲ſɿ֮еķ羰
СһЩۣҶǰѹûӴЩı˶㣬С칦ԾԾԵĳ嶯
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Ҷͷתͣ칦ͷҲԽԽǿңⶫһǿţȥ̽еİأ֪ɫѾСϵּģ塣
磬ҶˣСһҶɵ˼Ĺʵ˦˦ͷ칦ͷ׿ӻص˷䣬ȫͶ뵽ʳĵļҶȥˡ
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һֻͷǣҶ̫ͣѨϢ˼һϢ湦򣬽ǿ͵ꡣ
Ҫȥˣҿҿ⸽书ˣˣ£ҶԺһ롰¡
Ե书֣·Ϊѧ̩ɽɮȻҲջɨɮǲĸ֡
ҶҪҵǹߣ˵¾ǹѵĵطܺеʿֻҪκСõȾС
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Ҷû٣ϣһͷܶѶҪҵκСõȣһҪٻվŮһЦűܡ
СʱȥҶɰѺصϢժһ飬һЩΪõϢСӼ£ʱҲ᷽ܶࡣ
¡һװľͽȻУҶɸо˼£ҲȻ졣
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Ҷ΢Ц˵ǿ漸죬ӿȥѧУϿΣ
磬㿴ǱݶˣٻͻȻһָб棬Ҷѭָķȥ˺űһ¥Ӱ໥λ¥Ҵ򶷣
ͷźűҶԼһӰͷƮһ췢Ʋסһ뵽һסھźűڵŮˣ췢ʦӢ


104 ʧ
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Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ãͻؼҡ˵걧Сÿ첽ȥ˼ߴһ죬ѭȥźű¥Ѿһˡ
СûصҶͷĲǿңѸȡֻҳʫ绰˹ȥ绰ͨѡ񱨾
ཡལ绰ͨһŮιλ
ʫҶͷ԰ңҶɡ
ʫЦҶӰôҽô
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Ҷüͷ΢΢һ֣Ӣôڷ˵ѵղ¥˴򶷵Ĳ
ҶӣղŽѾ˯ˣ䲻һըװѽһ˼Сĸλֻؿ
룬ҶͲд΢죬Ůֻظϡ
ʫ㣬ûʲôȹˣЩϢҶɴҴ˵һ˵绰ͷĲҲɢ˴룬ܸղھźű¥򶷵˭ֻҪû¾ͺá
źűʫͰӢɳϣŮϱ࣬ǰĲ輸ϰڷһǾƿװбĸ߽ˮ
ʫƿҿǵƣʵӢ֪Ǳļһʲôô˵ʱƵһԵİӢԼһյһڡ
ӢָѭĳĽζƱɫҺ΢΢˰âɳƵ˵ǰûһһζҺŹҵʱһ뵽
ʫ˫΢΢𣬵˵ܴѵҲʲôһǲǸ˿ʧٵİʲôϵӦòżȻ
ӢĿӹǯסŵָ⣬˵ղ˵ǺţʶӦòˡ
ʫ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ղҶӴ绰ˣ˵Ŀƶ񿴵ʲô
ӢͷǵģղҸǼһ¥ʱһŮվԶǾͨӦúѿ
ʫһںȸɱоƣǵЦŨ˼֣˵һݽţ˹ĵζͦġ
ͻȻӢо˵Ѿ֪Ǽһ˭ˣôǹζһʱġ
ʫʵ˵˭Ҽ𣿡֪Ӣı׼ȷϸ΢ζֻҪȷ˾Ͳ
Ӣζ¾Ʊ˵ϰ壬Ǿȥ͵Ǽңǹζر𣬽һû
ôʫһĨ죬˼˼ͽȻ˵ˣʧٵ˶ȥԹġ
Ӣû˵ѱڴյͷñеľˮУδڻı顣
ڶ峿ǰһһŮеĿ׳ŮĽοˣ˸ڶǰȴʳһ˱Ÿ
ƽͿӪҵˣɽȴٳٲȴʳǴϰ壬¶ȴŲѣȵľһ档
ոò˯ͷ˰ɣʳ̲סɣȻû뿪˼
ᣬһͿ˵ţ׼ʱһˣ˳ûвġһΪȽ˽յʳһֿܣˡ
˭յĵ绰סַ
ûӦҶģĨߣ˭Ҳȥյĵ绰סַǲǳԱ˳ŵ
ˣǼһֻˡ׳һȣǰһš
ءһ촫ľӦ飬ڳЩ̳ûյӰӡ
׳վſڣڸҧÿ죬ԵʳһвѾ뿪ûԾŵĺݽɫǰ磬뿪鷳
׳һŮȻߵԣ˵ܵ˺ܲȥҲҵ


105 ɴŮ
ʧ㲻ʲô£Թʳֻܼҵµ͵棬һ׻⻹ҪԵġʧٺĺܳһʱڱûٷ˿ʧٰһ͵ȫĴ˿ʧٰʱ
ҶɺٻʱѾŴ˽ӵ˱е˽´ڻһ͵Ⱥ
Ŵһɭˣߴȴ׳ʵŨüۣƤڣȻ࣬ɣһֺ̤ʵĸо̸֪ͨλһȥ⣬˸𱣻ҵİȫ⻹Գ䵱εĽɫΪϼҾڿ⡣
ɭһըײͣԼһʹ֭
һγͣԵζҶɿһںҽ¶ǣЦʵɭ֪𣿡
ɭһĴ֪ɽǰȥΡ
Ҷ˫һʵĺйָһȭשͷ֣ʲôľʮͭ˶𣿡
ɭǸһ˿Цݣ˵ͷ˵һȭשͷѣӦвϰĺǿĹеģԶûдʲôľʮ֮ͭ඼С˵Ӱ鹹Ķҵ˵ڹŴµɽҪһЩ书ĸɮˣΪԱӦþνľԭͰɣ
Ҷͷںͷپһʧɭ˵ֺеĹԶûдΪСôôҲҪһԣ˵ͨ˲֪ظأ˵ɨɮ
žһҶɵĳ˼ƫͷȥԭλ˰ѲطϣһײҲҵļѪɫֻΣģʲôƲ
˴һܣץһըͷͿУһڱͽ۾ݺ£ģըгƵġ
ҶҲȥע˵ĳ࣬תͷǰʳͽȻӿһֵֺĸоѿİ˺һʱ벻
Ͳ˶ԣżһζǲģըײѾܱˣ˽µŴδ֡
ɭ˵ǻһСʱҿȴȥǻƺ
Ҷɵ˵ͷСΣչ涨Ҫ˵ģ軻רΣ뿪ʱתͷһ۰ˣȴ˲֪ʱѾ뿪
ɭԳ˻ʮϤܿˣۼҶԶԶŴһŮ˵Ц˹ŮҲʶիĪϵŮĪϪ
ߵǰĪϪ΢ЦŶкλãּˡ
ͷЦЦǴкŴеĵǻ˵ʱˣǵǻɣ
һĶͷȲգڵ˲࣬ǻʱҶĿһˣǰ͵꿴İˣҲͷȲգ˸ɫƤ
ͷȲ󷽵һ䣬ͿʼϸĵĿսȡһ̺Ӹϣһ˯ȥ
ٻҪ˸鴰λϲĿƮƵƺеĶֻҪһξϲˣʲôɡ
ҶɸŴ٩ĪϪһԴȤʱ䲻֪йȥ˽һСʱ
ĪϪȥҲܵ˾ͽμᣬøŴ˸˴βμĿսҲի˼
磬СβμΪľսʱʽת滹ϣܴ֧֡
ĪϪε˵ԼⶨƻƾŴ˽ⲻƶϳһ飬Ŵȥμһʽ
ŴЦ˵սûȤϪҪʲôֻܸʾһȫ֧֣һ䣬Īүӵ˼ô
ĪϪ΢Цŵ˵ͷǵģүүսȤ취£۸Щû⡣
ŴͷЦϻشսμͱ޷ǾüǮʵҲǰսҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬾һָо
ҲսȰñǮоһڵġҶҲ˵ʲôֻѧŴٸŸоߣ˶оõĶϣĪϪʱܶٿһ¡
ĪϪüͷ΢˼ͽȻ˵ȻǶоã׼ս˭ϲ˭ȥǲҪˡ
ŴҶٿȻһ㵣ͬʱĳһʶû뵽ĪϪΪ˵ĸоϷⶨõƻƸɴŮɡ


106 ô
ĪϪսչƻӰҶɣǰĪرһ䣬ҶǸд˵˵ĻһҪؿǣΪŵ˷չƻľ
һӺ󣬷ɻ˳֣лҪתǰ⣬һȡ߳ԶԶͼ˾ͽվһɫԶ֡
ĪҺ˾ͽҽǳĪϪϻǰ֪ͨ˾ͽ˽ӻ˸Գ⡣
ߵԣ˾ͽǰĪϪһӵЦ˵Ϫã̫ˡ
Ŵſ˫۴ǰȥЦ˵ãҲҪ
˾ͽתһڣЦϪ˭Ҳ
ŴȻֱۣʧ̾˿֪ǸӸͲˣһǰ״ϼŷɻƱ
˾ͽչһЦǰһӵ˵ˣСһƢϳɡ
Ŵ˳һѱס˾ͽ磬ߵ˵ãŪ
˾ͽһֻܾӰŴ˳ֳһĨΣôҲû뵽ŴһȻ˵ֻ˵ʱСûе
ŴһĨааĻȣ˵ʵŪƿȪˮˡ
˾ͽ֪ڹǲԼ˼ҲԶǧרҲǸӣС²÷ϣ뵽Цų˻˵ϳɣпȪˮϡ
͵ͨ˳ر֮⿴ʲôر𣬵ȥŷǾĸװģκ߶˴һ㷿Ҳ˲ֹһΡ
Ŵ޵üһ⳵ţһˮĸߵǱ׼İ׸
˾ͽ۵СӱȡȪˮϰϣЦ˵һװѣҪϲֻܿ߾ˡ
ŴץƿȪˮšǹ˼ڣһ˵⳵̫͵ˣҵĿζҲһ
˾ͽЦҶģǳĻӣѳڳΪ椣ҪǼ϶йͬԡ
ŴЦҡҡͷһ椸ߵ·Ӳͬܵṇ̀׷⳵ξ֪רΪƵģǱߣȤζСĴ˵ʱÿȪˮƿڵ˵㳵һǣһ⡣
Ҷɹǰְ˹Цʵ磬ôõģ
ŴЦǸöչܶѶƣʺʹãλӦǸӣΪʡ÷ҾͲ˵ˣ治˵𣿡
Ҷϸһе⣬Ȼ۵˵һ齺Ƥ·򿪿˼ۣϵı齥ù˿ɫİ˵ԭѾô˵˾ǸŮ˵ĵСӡ
˾ͽҲµⶫôһڨڨ˵˵˳ҶģƽʱʲôҿɹܲţȽ˾ʹȥƵ꣬Щٸҽӷϴ
һ˵Ц٩ʻƵꡣ
һСʱ󣬳ͣһ̻Ի͵ĴƵǰǿǼƵ꣬ۺƵ꣬ͬʱҲǴ˴βμָ齾Ƶꡣ
˾ͽ˰ź˷Ÿ뿪رիռ˽һݶΪҪ֮֯һæòɿʱѾǸĪӣŴٵĿȫǿп޵͡
ҶɸСסһ˫׷򿪴ܿһ˵һλγʱΪĴаˮ峺ߴУϡԼںߴӰס޻൱
磬ȳȥߺôϴ衣
СһỽҶתͷ̧߳⣬СȽŲ㣬ǿǰϴŴһʱ䣬СӵԼ˽ռ䡣
ҶİĵֻҪƤ˳ϷɻһҪĶ飬ⶫʲôϡҼУ򼸰ٿŴб޻
ۺƵ괦ģܱߵ̺ܶ࣬ҶѰ˼Ҽ㵯鱸ãƵһҵ֣׹⾰·һ꣬ﾭӪСУͺŵĸӦоС
Ҷ̧߽ţ̨һ壬һಲ˲˯㣬ŵţ˴󷽽õ㶫Ҳ
ϰ壬һź׵ĸ飡Ҷɲ̰С˵̨һſһ󺰡
˺ӦһתҶɿһϤͷͻһô


107 ̫
ͷѣȻǺƽϰңǵ׷ɱǹҶɰȥĻϹǿû뵽ż첻Ȼܵ⣬⡣
鲻۽һëǮһšҺʶҶɣ˵ͳġ
Ҷԥ룬ӿڴͳֵʮԪĳƱ˹̨ϣٿžź׸顣ڿȷǰ˲ңֻǳúѡ
ߵ̨ǰȡһӸϴ̨棬ץƱһѴ˿ڴ˵Լٿţöˡ
̬ҶЩѻץһѸ鿴˿ӴСһ£ԲһëǮһŲһϴӡ
ٿŸװУҶɵ˵Ӵڴ˵һѣң
۴ҶɣʵǴӱģ
ҶɵͷһЦǵģĺ񡣡ڿȷǰ˸ʶ֮ĳĹϵ
ִӿ㶵ͳƱ̨ͬϵĸһƵҶɸǰ˵ȻҵСǮȥá
Ҷɰ־ܾҪˣٿ㹻ˣӦ˫ֵ̥ܰɣ
ЦҽӴ˵ɣʲô˫ֵ̥ܣСӣ֮ĳƺǽ֣дűŤ
Ҷҡͷμһᣬ˳飬ɽҵꡣ
΢΢һ㶣漴ͷЦԭôƺ
Ҷɵ˵ҽҶɣݻһ档
Ҷɣ䣬ǰһ̽ץסҶһ˵ǾһҶɣ
ҶɱŪЩΣƣǸˣˣôˣ
¶һ˿ɫ˵ѾûˣͿԸԭܿҪùˡ
ҶҲҵ飬ͷû¾ͺãΪͦģ˵һҪл
һ˵㽲Ƕǵ°ɣѾˣǷһ໰ҾͲ˵ˣڿʲôѴֻңʮ꣬ŵһЩġ
ҶЦõģҪæĵطһ绰ɣʵûаĻϣμģʲôѴѴһܰﵽʲô
ӹ̨·һźڿƬ̨棬ָǰƣ˵պãҵĵ绰
ҶڿƬͬõĸһ𴧽˿ڴЦ˵ҲˣҪ˸õȼˡ
˫΢Уչ˸ƣеĻ֪ͺá
Ҷװһص˾Ƶ꣬ٻѾϴڵֻת˻Σ˵ղŴ绰ˣȥֻûֻ㿩
Ҷڶͷһ˵ԣϴ绰磬˵ܸϸͷ
ٻǰֻݸ磬Ҷ̸Ŵ˸绰֪ĪϪ˾ͽ˵˶¥յˣ͵
ҶɰĸźãСóֱ¥ܿڹҵˣ˾ͽк£Ц˵ĲˣҲ֪ϲϴθڡ
ŴЦĶɫˣ϶Щէǿˡ
ҶڨЦ˵˲죬ӾС˵ܸѾ൱ˣϵεĴƵﷹӦò̫
Ŵգգۣƫͷѹ˵ҾƵǽüĲҵȴ˷Сûط䣬ûȥ̼Ϸ
ҶƲƲɣϻϷҲȥˣҪԼȥָϴȥʢʶǵ¶ʵʵŴٿһѣСִ̼ܲˡ
ŴٺЦģ籣֤زϷôȥĵط˼
Ҷڷܵ극ٿɣͦȥ͡˵ʱԱŲͳ˽˲һǵطɫˣԱÿһ˱⻹򵥽һ²ƷɫһЩȤڶгС£ÿƷȵĹܵһݾϵá
ͰӼèı⡢ѹʲ͹ۡ㱺桭ɫȻһɫζȫʳ󿪡
ԱһҾͶƷһֳԷҲʣ˵ȫϣҶѾ˰˷ֱǼڷ͵˾ŷ֣һð©Ľ˸Ǵ̰죬ֲֻ̫


108 ֵܶԾ
Ա㣬Էط䣬һٻ˯£ϰ˯ҶڵµϢտһͽӵŴĵ绰˵˾ͽѾſڡ
ҶѲֻܹϵ߳˷ţŴ˾ͽſģȴĪϪЩɻһԵҪԼȥʲôϷ
Ŵ񿴳Ҷɵ˼ǰֹסЦ˵ģȥϴֵطθ档
ҶƲƲ죬˵ȥͦõģɶҪݣҪӵֻ̫һʶȤˡ
ŴЦֻǴȥô۸Լӣ֤档
Ҷһ˾ͽ磬ͷЦǻʲô߰ɣ
˾ͽ΢΢һЦ˵ȥĵط˽ʵģϣǲҪ𡣡
ŴЦףǳͭ˲кľС
λ˾ͽǳǳһЦ˳˵ݵ˸һ㣬žͿǰһľ߹ŵζţϷһϸżֲֺ֣̽ףҲֱӣſֽװ󺺣߾һװ壬ƵģһεѹȸС
˾ͽͳ̽Ƭֵݸˣ˵ԱţҾͲȥˣʲôʱҵ绰
ŴָŽЦ˵ףеĳϵȷʺŮˣټˣ˵۹סҶɼֱֲţֵطᳵ·
ŽƬֲǰһװǰ˵λʾǵĻԱ
ͬʱѻԱ쵽˴ǰ󺺽ӹƬһ۵ݻظˣ̧סϵĶ˵źϵſڽӿͣλ
ӿͣλҶһ㵣ɴ˫۶Ŵ˼룬ת׼뿪ɼȴŴιס
𼱣ҴȥǺȭƸ񶷣μӺȭĲĸ񶷸֣ܹ񫡣
Ŵٻ䣬ſ߳һݵİˣһԲƣźš
Ǿź㵼ԱСΣλ˽Լǿĸ߼һٻ¿ˣ⼸⣬һĿҲһЩ㵼Աȫڻܡ
˸㵼Աһ߽ţһװĴŽɫΪиСȪŽŲȪϵˮʱʱͣɳƺ˰裬һˣֻмԱؾվڴ
СЦݿʵλҪҪȵ㶫
ŴֵЩͷԵ⣬ֱӴȥ㣬˾ͽġ
СէЦ˵λԭ˾ͽСѣûתĨǣƹһŵǰָһԵİ¼룬꣬Ŵ򿪣߳󸹱ˣ˷ܵı飬̻߳һݡ
С߽ݣڰּҶע⵽µⲿڻ֪ŵ
Ŵ򿪣һɺѪζӭϮҶɿǰһ©γأܻڷƤɳһ˿Χɵ̨ӸµĹڿԺĿе龰
һȭⳡˣһǾŽɮսƷ磬ŽɮѾʮ峡ȫʤļ¼սƷȣеĶ־սһ˵׹ȭϻùʮʤļ¼жʮųɱ֣һִмһʴ̼ĶԾ
СζȭϤޱȣȭֵϢҲſھ˽˲ٹΡ
ҶɵѾ۽̨ϣԡѪȭĶԾ˵ѽӽޣվܣǰ빪ӻ๥ȭͷһһڱ˴ϣѪźˮϴ˦̨Ͻϸܵĵɫˮ顣
ȭִӵ̨һԺֻҪ飬һǴߴж֣ڶǱִߴУǫ̃̄ǰΪ˳Ʊվ̨һȴΪ˻ţȭộֻв̵ıַĿ
Ŵһָ̨ʵڴʲô·署
Сε˵ѾͶעʱ䣬˵ǻһͬĸֵܣǸ׸߸ǵֵ̨ܵܲ꣬ܶԾҲһر㣬ӾͽˣϷǳˣҸλɣ


109 Ϸ
̤Ϻǫ̃̄У̨ϵֵȻͷѪЩԶ̨ϵȭ򱶡
žһȭݺݵڵܵۿϣѵ۽һѪƺһĺȭס˵۾Ѫȭͷز˵òᡣ
¶һ˿ŵı飬վԭش˼뻺Ųܵȥ
죬ȥ
ݺݵĴ򡭡
šĲӣٳ顭
̨µĹڼѪ񣬳ɤһ£ЩƽʱòȻص¶࣬ϲɢɽѪϲ۰ϲעȭܰѶִ̨ϡ
ΪѪΪɱ¾кãŤЩ˴ų̂ಫȭֵͬ࣬һ̼˷Ϸ
껺ִ۾Ϸ£˵۾ܸоʹѾκζһģӰ߽Ǵ磬ѵҪΪ˸Ľô
ޱȳأȻͬĸֵСһ𳤴һȭһںȭ̳ϴƴֵȭµĶѾǵж٣ֵһ£̨µĹҪѪҪһʤߡ
̧ȭͷڲȴٳûеҪֵܣѪͬѪ׿ܵѪ۽һѪỺ¡
ɺԵ촽΢΢⶯£̧ȭõͳ˵ɣһȭ
ױĿһȭߴһﵹص죬ȥֻܵѾ͵̨ϣղһȭ֪˵ιȥ
ˣ׽Ӳ̨룬Ĳץסָ߸߾Ӯˣȴû˿ʤϲãͷѱھһȭһжˡ
ãúã
ݣֵҲ
Ҹղź񿴵һȭӴˣʣ
ֻк˷ǿ뿴ĶѪȣ̣ӮǮմմϲǮҲҿһʵȭ
ҶԶԶⳡеĲҾ磬ܲζղĿһȭƫк˲˵ۿϣɫ֭쭳һѾףֻ˵۾϶ˡ
ֵһ̧ߣһߣȾѪ̨ӮƬ̵ѪζûӷȭѾ
һžŵ̵ĹͷУԼһңһȻɫ¶ɮ£ɫ࣬տºžŽɮƹŷ飬ȴѪɱ¾˵ȺţɮˣֻǸͷ
һಲ׳°ϵĺ˼ϸϸС裬ıϴİɫսųţֻϲźı߾ͱȶְһͷֻľ⣬ɨ׹ȭ̳İսƷ硣
ŽɮսƷ֮ĶԾǽͷϷ˶Ž˵սŽɮҪԸƷ磬ʤʣ˰ˣƽ֣壬ţͶעûÿָֻʤƽ£ʸߵһǲׯҿõģڴ˵ĶĿǶ֪ƷӮҪܶ࣬ȭٳƽ֣رָ֮ĶԾֻܳŻ
СΰҵǰλԸĿ̨ϵﻹиĺôͶע㣬λߵͶעֻ費ӣ㵼Աĺôˡ
ŴͻȻʳָ·һλ˵ձϵҲڣԩ·խ
ҶѭָķȥȻձϵģԻһͷˣ˲ʱƫͷʲôͽȻϷһĿľٶȻһֻ̽°ڣʲô¶ޱܵı顣
ŴҲĳͽȻааһЦٺ٣һθƵôȥ˵ɾ͸ɣͳֻ͵ġ
ϷˡȤУûע͵ģԵᡰˡһͨϷһĨ죬ҲʼŤ
澢ҪǰƵϹƻ𣬱ŪʲôٻޣӰԺ鲻ԽŴҲ͵ĵȤ֮Уһﻹ͵ֻȵĳԱȺȭˡ
Сû뵽ôһλֿͣ͵ֲóֹֻСӵס˵Ŀ⡣
ӹȥϷĳ֣İָյǼţԵС¶һЦݡ
Ҷɺ񿴳ʲô⣬üͷ˵ǸСĸˣǸŮװ


110 ȭ
ŮװŴϵıȻһͣתͷһֲҶɣ˼ЦҾͰеģñձժ˵ָѸֻϰ˼£¶һĨ׽ЦݣҲ֪һǰǶĻƵ˾ͽ硣
СεѵλעĻھͿ£Ҫǳʱֻеһˡ
Ŵֻڴʵÿעһ¶٣
С˵עһ飬ϲⶥҿԴȥͶע̨ע
Ŵ̧ͷһ̨ϵˣа˼⣬սƷ۴ƻ϶ʤŽɮټϸղСνܹʤʣƷӮܴ󣬶ĳи򵥲ӲĿͶ׬ǮׯƨӮǮĿ϶ֻмҪúĥһ²Ȥ
ܿܿΪʹһĶͽʵܼ򵥣ӮӮ࣬Ȿ׻˵жĲΪ䣬һٵĶͽԶ֪ʲôֻ֣ܶ԰ε޾Ԩ
ĥƬ̣ŴͱͱҶɼ򣬵˵ˣͶע档
ҶҡҡͷȥɣҶԶǮһȤҲûС˵һ룬ֱѾŴһ
С飬ڲ룬ġŴɷ˵ҶɳͶעȥСνϼ˸ţҪ֪ȥͶעĿ˶ȡһʿɹ۵ĻؿۣɿעԴעĿ̬ȻҪЩС
ŴҶͶעԲι̨ԣѾвעȫˢעĹԱɵĽӴעĶĿͣǮֻһڿPOS֮䲻ͣת֡
Բι̨æµķԱ⻹վһλװӣ˾ͽĲ˾ͽҵĳӵ˾ͽ״磬ۺƵܸˣһһִ죬ÿԶƵӯֻҪ̨ӲƫŲ׬Ǯġ
Ͷע̫࣬ŴҶɴȺӲ˽ȥζеĽ𿨴еιҪע
û˴Ŵаֳɤӽһû˴ͷһѿƬҶУע˰û˴
˰עĿмǺͼģ˵Ŀܿ۽ŴٺҶϣ̨˾ͽĲҲ΢΢ݣһĨǳǳ仡ǰߵ̨ǰ΢Ц˵˾ͽĲλɣ
Ŵ΢΢һЦ˾ͽĲǽôɣɵ־뵽Է·
˾ͽĲЦʵСãǣ
ŴָһգٺЦǴӱμģĳ»ؼȻʶˣҶӣѿĲ硣
ҶһŴ٣ͷ̾һܼҵģûôܼҵģǮҵģ̳ܲġ뵽ְѽ𿨵ݸ˾ͽĲָһ֡
˾ͽĲһȡŵӺһ̨POSʵȭѾʼˣ֪׼˭Ӯأ
ŴҪڣ˾ͽĲڴﴫһ˴죬üͷͳֻƳһۣϵıٿȻһ䣬̶˵Ǹе㼱Ҫ죬ʧˣλȾơ˵ƫͷһŮԱԸ˼䣬ѽ𿨽ϣת뿪˹̨
ԱŽߵ̨ԣЦ˵λ˵һͶעͶעѡ
ŴЦ˵Ͷע˰ѡǾŽɮ
ƽ֣ƽ֣ҶͽȻŴĻϵı档
ƽ֣ȷƽ𣿡Աһ˿ŵĹʣȭûƽֵ֣ļʵ̫ССԺԲơ
Ŵüһ˼⣬һ˵ֵ˵ƽ־ƽ֣ˢɣ
ԱûٶʲôǮǮˡ˰ˢȥһűĶƱ
ŴŶƱָһԱ΢Ц˵ŮȸӮǮҹ
ԱǳǳһЦллܺеĶƱȭʱԹҽףˡ
ŴЦлˣһҽġ˵תסҶɼԼλȥ㵼ԱСεԱ˼䣬ٶȸգؿѾĹʡ
̨ȭಫȭһŽɮõ˫ȭµĲӽŲת֮˫ȭ̽ЮŻͻƷţеǣȭðǣμȭŷķܼ򵥣ѣֱɱС
ƷЦһ˷ٿȻ̧򦣬˲䣬ɱܹ˶ͷȭ


111 ˭ɵ
Žɮӹ֣Ʒżȭ£ͻֽס
žȭͷݺݿнףһܸ죬Ʒ·ȭͷеĲȽţһɵľ
ãŽɮ䣬оȭͷڶֽϷǿ˲˼һȭȥԷȽ磬żԼؿڡ
ȻƷפصĵһСķʽǰߣ̧ߵĽżоŽɮѡ
أŽɮߵסζϺ÷ڣһһƬӰͫмٷŴ
ءƷŵ׺ưǿĵɰԾȷŽɮºսƷ磬սָ˫ȣֻҪҪͬսУܻѾ漣
׹ȭ̳һսƷţ˫Ⱦǿû˲Թ˫ȵжֻҪַܽŵС
ƷսһͿԴݿ㽫ַŵսɱ˵ģƽʱѵΪ̨չ¶âɲǡ
ŽɮĹȵˣƺ̤һֲͬѰĲҲʵжȣƷȿ죬ȴʼղҪһѸ׵˫ļ
ߡɨߡߡߡȡɨȡȡߡƷ粻֪˶ȣ̨µĸǿۻңڶ·̨ϼһ治ͣƤģ˶Ĥ顣
ŽɮƷĹֻм֮ûл֮ȫѹŴȥֻʱ⣬ĸѾ¶˵ϲɫӶĳӮǮһ˷ܵ¶رԶʤ׬Ǯв̨ûʵѪҲûйѵֻ֪Ҫĵȴȥһеġ
Ŵְ˰ڴƫͷһԵҶɣʵҶӣ㿴̨ϵľŽɮȫǱƷѹŴпܴƽ𣿡ʵעʼһֱƣΪʲôСӻԼƽ֣
ǻƽ֣ġҶɵһ䣬˫ʼս̨ʵﲢƽղѽ𿨵ݸ˾ͽĲһ˵ָһԺвûгȴĳһֵͷƽ֣ȭһƽ֣ѾɮƷ˵ˣḶ˫
Ŵ죬Ц˵ҪƽӮǮ۸һһ룬˵㻰ûжʣƾЩҶɵ˽⣬СӲǸϲڵϣٴδԼһϲ
̨ͻȻת䣬Žɮ˫ȭһŻ󿪣ͷϵ𣬰ڳһƴһļơ
£Ʒ˫ĿԲף͵һԾȺһıǹֱɮʺһĳɱУΪ⣬ΪսżȻǸͷ⣬ֻҪʺҪ˻ԣɥ
úãŽɮһ߳ͷӭĽżͳȥȭǰ͵ƷؿڣȭٿһӰֲ
Ʒżڿɮͷһжȥ˴룬Ҳ֮ǰӭ϶Է䵽ȭ
飡飡ɮһȭƷؿڣڶȭݺݺ϶գػƷƺһſһѪ˿󲽡
ɮһе֣ƹǰ壬˫ȭֻתͺƷͷһϵĺȭҪðսҪǿ˵
Ʒ˫ȭ滤סͷ빪˵̨ߣƾɮȭϣȭǿޱȵĿʤĹؼ
ˡɮһֿȭú죬ǰһ̻ռƵƷڳ˱ıȻѾͷѪȻ׮
Ŵ̧һֱ˵вӣȥɮӮܴ󰡣ӮҶǲǻֵܱ
ҵĸɵ˰˰ƽ֣ԭλӱѡͽȻһ̶ЦŴҶͬʱתͷȥֱϷ֪ʱվǸŮװվԡ
ʵղŴҶȥ̨עǻѾϷĿⲻɫĸ󣬵ŴپȻҶɵĻ˰˰ƽʱͷһϲֻ뿪ŽɮʤڿɮռϷ磬Ȳ߹䳰ȷ
Ŵһмķ˸˵ûɵѣϻ͵ĳ̹ͦġҲǸſھâĶ˹ȥ
ϷЦ˵˭ɵڻ˵ܿͻнˡ


112 Ѹŵ
ҶüͷһͻȻָ̧űϷ˵ձϵģ˵ٰʽҲҸҶһѣϻرϷͱһӻεڻͣױˡ
ϷһԵװŮˣЦ˵Сӣ˰ǰɣ˵ôķ
Ҷɷһָ̨˵ܼ򵥣ƽڵϴǴɵơС˼ȣɹס˲ٶĿ͵Ŀ⡣
Ϸ˼Ӧã˹ͷҲɵơ
ãһΪҶɳӦһתͷĿͶ̨޼£ֻе̨ȭ֤˭Ĵɵơ
սƷı˴ʧŽɮһ˫ȭѹ̧ͷӲƽ֣ɮȭŵ̨һǣۿٽβƷʤĶĿǿʼҡͷ̾ЩŽɮʤĶĿЦտ߬ȭͷ׼ף
ģ˻ϲ˳һ̺Ԥ˭Ӯҡ
̨ϵƷͻȻһȣ˫һʮָס˿˫̧ھŽɮһʣͨһ̨ϡ
ŽɮӱƷ˫סһʱѲֻȭȫָ
ˣ꣡һһ죬ƷɱаѾŽɮ˹ȥҲȭݺݻи鴤˼±ȥ
ɮһȭƷϣط̫񾭴Եڣػʹ˵ʡ
ʱ䵽λȭͬʱʱжΪƽ֣þĿɵۣϷڣ˵ɪı˵Ƶ˲䶳
ŴֵùЦһҶɼ˵ֵܣģҲǮɵƹл
ҶɵһЦԸķ䣬˻ˣ䣬ϷһתװŮ˾ߣ׼ˣˡ
Ŵָ˵ıӰЦֲҪҲûޣ´۾ͽɵƣɵƣ
Ϸĵ٩ֱ£һЩһӣתͷԹݺһۣһҧװŮ˿첽뿪
Ҷüͷ˵ձϵúܣڿ⼸ҪһСĲС
ŴסҶɼЦ˵ΪֲҪ£ǮȥղŸ˵ˣӮǮһһ롣
Ҷһҡҡͷ磬ȥǮԣǮҲҪ
Ŵ˸˵飬Ǯҹȥ˵Ͷעȥ㵼ԱС˫һҲŽŶ˹ȥλ׬һʣҪǽ伪˵һСѡ
ƽ屶еĶĿȴ޼ζųеߵķգΪĶĿȫȻ֪עǰׯѾôǵǮС
ŴͶע˰õǧ򣬳׬ǧİ֪׬ǮȫҶɵĹִͣżɻѰ˼ŴҹʱҪ취С͵㶫
ϲλԴ˺ͨȤĻһʱС֪λѾ׼뿪ȴαĽһΪľǰѴͷ伪˵͡
ŴִĻЦ˵СڱŷǮɣҲûУǧĻǻģīҸζõĵضҹȥ
־͸ǧǮľǴͣСŴĿͷһϲЦӣѹʵҹ֪мҲģλûʲôϲԵĶ
Ŵ˵ɾζõĴŵУƵЩȵСƻ·
СεͷЦھƵֿһҴŵζ൱Ҵǹȥ
ŴסҶɼЦˣ۸ȥС뿪˾Ƶ꣬һ·׹⾰һСֿͣ
ֿڰ˺üŵѲĵ·ռ˴룬·ϿһںͣﾭӪŵʱ䲻ˡѾˣҴŵⶼǳ𱬣λʣ޼
СһҴζĴŵǰϰǸʮŮˣ΢֣Ƥڣһ˫۾˸ƺ¶һͺĸоɻֽŷǳиֵ޶Լôʮͣģ鶼мƣһ֪һĸŮ
СζŴЦЦҵʰúܸɾζһС¾ãţϲʲôֻܵͺˣҹȥռλ翴һиλǰռܻܿվּڵĹվڽֿڡ
Ŵһŵϰڷŵʳģʳ±Ϊʱʰøɾ룬һ̬ȶζ


113 ζ
һֻ±󳦡ţףʲôŴָŵֻƤѬýɷƵĶնԴҲ֪Ǹʲô
ŮϰһָĶԶСҲɹζȼǿˡ
ŴЦУֻȫˣɹɣǰĲٳʱ߾ˣһװơơ
Ůϰ̧ͷһۣ˵ɹ±󳦡ţʱߡüٰŴٸղȫظһ飬㲻
ŴЦԲֵѲȺȵƵš
ϣŮϰƫͷԵкȥһơƣҪװġ
ŴҶߵ£Сκڵĸ˵һ裬Ц˵λûʲôҾˣԡ
ŴӿڴͳһƱϣЦ˵鲻ȥ˽ˣʣµĶġ
һƱһ飬ʣ¾ǧ󼸣ԤƵֶǧѿ飬ųƱСЦ˻ͷлתһСȥ̯ǰ˽ˣЦų˴˸кֱ뿪͵׬һСѣҪϻȥϰࡣ
ӱһװơ߹ԣϰװ޷ŵϣ˵˺ܿˣȺȵƣġ
ŴһơƴƵҶɸǰЦ˵ĺȱơԻҲһֲܡ
Ҷơƹ޺һڣ˵磬ҶһȤҲûУСȥһ¡
Ŵһơƺһڣһ˷ܵ˵аɭ·죬ʱһӣһȥ棬һҲûɶö
Ҷ̾˿˵磬еҲ㣬ʵȥΪˣҿΪСβˡ
ŴʵʲôˣСӸ˵˵ֻҪܸСκòһᾡȫæ
ҶͷơƣѿչӶϣ˵˵ҪҵľܰСβĹߡѦ̸ݼҪĽһ飬ƾһ˵վޣŴܰæѰҹһиᡣ
ŴҶɵĽϵı齥˫еơƹ˳˼
Ůϰһɰ˹ߺһѹӷϣҿǹеļɢһŨ㣬ֵλ˭Ҳûж꣬һơƹ޷һϵĬҡҡͷתæǮˣԲϲ
ɹڶŮϰߺһ˺ľƵģ滳ǲǳʲô֮ĸΣ
Ѿ룬ŴͻȻơƹ޴յͷ˼ڣָһѿչڵϣ˵ҶӣǰڹѧʱʶһѾǹߣϧѾˣôʱܸ㣬ǰһʦŵַҰתʦ˳ŵַȥ˺üΣ˺ܴҲûҵȹЩ׼ȥһΣԴһܲҵҲûס
ŴپȻʶߣϢҶƲסһ˵磬˵Ĺʦŵַܸ𣿡
Ŵ˵طҿԸ㣬ڽɽ
ǣ˵ǸߵĽǣҶ¶һĨŵı飬ĳУӿվɳȥһСʱйߣܻҲҪ취ҵ
ŴЦ˵Ǻܽɽȴúܣλʦ϶ǴĶҵɽﶵ˼켸ҹӰûţҵһЩ·
Ҷһ˵ֻҪйߵϢһᾡȫȥң켸ҹҲͶҼ죬ֻҪɽϾһҵ
ŴһơƵݸҶɣ˵ȳҹ˵ȥ˵ɽθӣɽ϶ȥԭʼɭ֣Ҫȥ׼Щ
ɽɽľï֣дƬ˼ԭʼɭ֣иֶݷڽɽǰһҪóֵ׼Ŵǰνɽ޹ҶһҪ׼Ķ࣬ϣܰλѴǰԸ
ҶɴơƺһڣһŽŴЦ˵ǰϼҾõⶫζͦġ
ŴһĨаа仡ÿӴ˸ȷŽҶ΢Ц˵Ըɣ
Ҷɼļȿһڣ޵⼦ζ治óԡ
Ŵּһ鼦ŵٺЦóôǾٳԸɣ


114 
ҹҹһҹȥ٣Ա㷵ؾƵ꣬һ˯͡
Ҷ֮иоǿһʲôë׵С˽ȥһȥҲ˹˫ֻСԼָ⻹һϸֽͲղǿС
ٻ˵磬Ⱦˣڶʮ˻𴲣Ҷˡ
Ҷ۾˵ˣ˯˯ˣ㻻·ǳȥԵ㶫˯϶翪ʼˣԽͲȥˣСóȥһȦˡ
ٻԹԽ˷䣬ҶɴӴһµٶȴ¿㣬ץֻһܽϴּ䡣
һӺҶС˾ƵǰŴſڵĴʯʨԳ̣ѾԼýһȥ£ûɭ
ҶߵǰЦʵ磬ôɭأ
ŴͷվЦ˵ȥӣ˳򼸷ͣʱҲ쵽ˡ
䣬濪һɫ·ͣھƵǰɭӴ̽Ӷ֡
·ڿռܴȥܿɭ׼Сͻ棬ڳϳͣʮӹ⾰һڴͣ
ɭͻȻתͷ˵٣ӾƵſڿʼһֱǣҪҪ˦
ŴŤͷһۣȻɫԶԶں棬üͷ˵βͦģϸеǡ
·ʱٿɴﵽٹϣһҪеβ졣ɭ͵Ӧһתͷݳʻ·ڡ
·ϸٹ·ٿ쭣ֻ˲ʮӾͰ˦Ӱȫޣɭʵ٣ɹָһ
ɭ٣ٴΰ˦ֹ˼ӣһȵһ˦Ѿ˵Ƿеؽ硣
ʻ٣Ŵɭѹ˵æȥ£ȵʮӣȷûβ͸ȥ
ɭһĵ˵ͷרĿʻҪ֪Ǽβʲô·ְǱŴٰȫ
Ҷü˵βͺܿձϵģóǻǸǳ
ŴͷӦڿձϵҲû˭ӣҲʲô
ɭųʮӣҲβ͸ţŵתͷ·ȥ
ҽĴԿ徻ԹɮǹĶƶӣֻΪǿ壬ԺͿѵأټϲ书ʿΪԭ˳ұܻǵ书ԭеֹһںϻۣɮӴ˾书ֵ˵
ʱ׾Թ϶ǧ³Ϊ̩ɽһҵƷƣпǱ۱׬Ǻ˵ĳƱ˵ŽµеĴѧżܼɽŵɮ൱ڳµֹÿ̨ˣô
ԵٲȻ˷Ǯˣպǧ걦ɲԶԶŵһӰζ
ɭǱˣŵԶϤɽϲܹǹҶɷһΪֵ飬Щɮɭż¶һ˿Ĳм
ǰɭͽȻͣת¶һ˿Ǹı飬˵٣е˽뿪һᣬСʱͻʱͷɣ
Ŵڰ˵ȥɣԼתת˵绰ϵ
ɭͷת뿪ŴƱ£ƼС಻ʤߵͷŮ߰ݸͬÿ˶ͬĵطҶ汣ӣռ㣬ǮƺӦֻһİ
ƽղ㣬ʱ·Ҳ״Ҫϲȥռ㡣ŴŰվڴ۱ǰǸ͵ߣҲ׼㡣
ҶҡҡͷҲȥˣ˵иǧʮ˸ɮʱ̤Ľѣȥơ⼸˺ܶ书ϣмֵľǧ᷿µϱɽǽϵĲɫڻ˵滭йʱϳ˹ʽϣܴҳһЩڹߵϢ
ŴѹҲ˵ǰɮͦģɭ˵ڶ˻˵ĻӣҹҵĹߡ
Ҷ¶һĨʧı飬˵ȥǧɣﲻԶ
Ŵ΢΢һЦãСá˵ǰסΰ֣γǧȥ


115 ǰ
ǧɲƮ㣬ŴɫʵǧϲĵطŴǧʱһʮڲιۣԱ٣ѼСñСרŵСӵĽǧʷ
ע⿴ϵĽѣӲש棬һʮ˸ȫǵɮʱµӡǣҿһϵĽѣһµɮĺģոһգ긴һ֪̤꣬˶γʮ˸ѡ
С˵Ⱦз·𱥺ŶɮǺ侫޾壬οԶִשϵĽѣܷ̤ܵݵأ
ҶҲᴥһĽѣ΢΢һ̾Ҫһ̤ѵֺоͺˣƾ⹦һκСõȰɡ
һȥµɽǽıڻϻɮտ塢տָɮĳ棬˵лϳ˾ѧѵĹԵѧһаʽһι۱ڻֻ۾պʹᴦԸ߶˱ڻ׷ΣһҪע⡣
С¸㶼൱Ϥھͽ˱ڻעǳ뷹ġ
ŴҶɼ򣬵˵ҶӣҲȥµ
ãҶӦһվ𣬸ű󳯰µȥ
µҲΪ׵ɮڻɽǽϵıڻǧڵĽҲֹ֤Ժһʱ֤
µ°µڻжϻƳʮɮɮȴ£ľԱۿɮĳ棬ɮǾͽಫϱǻı龰
ΩΩФ¾ǧɣڻ̶ܲͬȵ𻵣󾭹ɲ»ʣ˵ڻаʧѾõ书ķԵ˿ԵÿаֻҪ͸һ
˵֪٣ڻȴʵڵĶҲĽǰι۵ǣԵԵǲģ˵Ʒ󱬷ϡͿͳһأ
ҶɸһµûиһȲļڻǰƷͷ㣬ǸһξԶۣú˼һҲܿڿ붯ִһ±ڻ
ڻǰĸߣмɮһԣǲοʹڻıڻ𻵡
ڻжദ޲ۼӰ컭ȣҶɿԿĸ˿Ĳ̧ͷһֶۣϲźüͷ˵һһ֮С
ŴҶɾ۾űڻ̲סʵҶӣ㿴ʲôŵûУ
ҶһãȻҡҡͷʱûУûԵݰɣ
ŴЦҪ˶ܿϵĶͲϡ濩㿴ȥĦһˡ
ţҶӦһְעе˱ڻϣ²֪ǰ˼վ˸ԣվһԲִУǺбϻһĿī
ſ߽һȺˣ߸ƽͷ˺һŮˣȺ˽ŲҲڻĿȫŴϣһ꺺бԵľŮһۣ˸ơ
ƲͬƣֻҪԷܻ⣬ɶ򵥣Ů˺ܴ΢΢һ°ͣĳҶȥĽЬ·Ÿŵأᷢ
۳žŮѾȻվҶ꺺ֶԵƽͷе˸ɫ˻ĵ˵ͷִ㶵ƵεŴȥܿ첻ɫվ쳤һͱڻģ
꺺һĨĻȣߵǰ˫ƺʮòϵİеӷ𣬱ҿ˳ⵥһǮ
꺺տϣǿһ°ͷĿ׶˼ȴϸˣǸӣƾһСȭڿϴͷҵһ൱ɹ۳ͣҪλһһţǮ֣ǮĻѵһأǮҪ׬βСԽֵ
Ҷɾ۾ɽǽϵıڻȻ֪վ˸Ůˣ֪ҲֻɹͱڻͨοͣӶɨأ˫ͫ΢΢һīƬ۹пľŮпһССͲͷԼ仺


116 ˴
ãҶĵһܵǰŲһ壬Ůüͷ΢΢һȻͲ˼磬ָסͷĿֹ֮ҪСĽֻҪûԷֿһᡣ
ҶƫͷһԵŴͻȻվƽͷУһ¶һ⡣ΣѾѡֻܻµΣ뵽͵һճȭ׼ݺƽͷһʨͷ
ʱŴͻȻָ̧һڻ˵Ҷӣ㿴ǽǷиɨĺУӦýиɨǰѩ˵ʱƫͷҶʹ˸˲վţ˿ǵı顣
ҶҪٲŴİʾǾˣŴѾ֪ҪˣʾСҶӹԼС
ͷ󶨵ҶɺȻĲתӣװۿڻģ۽ǵ˾Ů֣Ѿ⣬ҪĲŮʳ
Ů˲ûвҶɵͼΪᵽˣȻٴ䣬ĴָסͲñ׼ͷƤ
õģаԵԻ룬ͲװرƵǿЧԻҩʵһֻҩֻҪעڼ̵ʱڲҩЧ˻ججʶٶֻۣܺϡǵüģƬΣе˸֪ʲô
ھŮ׼ֵ˲ҶͻȻһ߬סӣ˳ǰһƣͷϢβֻɲǼɣſڽʹͲҺȫע壬ԺȻһ죬ʶģ
Ҷɿ嵲ס˸ղŵСŴ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ԻľŮ˫۷վԭأƫΣֻҪ˸һϵİʾյͻɵհ죬ȫһǱʶΪǰԻٰͨɡ
վŴƽͷҲ׼ͲһͷȻκ󱳣ĿϵŮ
žֻǿĴͻοסƽͷͲƣԼٶ໥ۣͷƽͷСۡ
ھǿǰƽͷеͽ͵ģֻܵɴ۾ű˴ˣģ·Ҫһ֮ס
ԵԻиΪԵҩЧֻҪôһ嶼˲ʧкƽͷпڲԣֻɵĵȴʶ塣
ҶԻðԼľŮʳֶοƸŴһܽǸʤһڰǰĿϸûע⵽ʽ˴ת
Ŵܿ㶨ƽͷУ΢ЦҧҶɶ˵˼䣬˫۷ƵƵͷ
仰˵꣬ҶסŮӣ˵ߣ˵ʲôʲô
ŮĿ߽ͣظ˵ʲô˵һ룬ͽȻһתԴ˵ûƤޣҲûУô죿
ⶼʲô˰ҶðȺһε˵߾ˡ
ŶŮ˵ӦһǰһվҶԣϵٻһ˫ɻĴ۾Ŵ磬Ȼûи㶮ʲô״
Ŵתͷƽͷ˵ߣ˭Ǿȥҧ𣿡
ƽͷ㶣һݵ˵ͷҧ˵һֱܣʾ⡣
Ŵͷһ㵵ٻ΢Ц˵Сãеͷٸͣ㿴¶˵ο첽ŷȥƽͷ˦˦Դ˹ȥ
ҶѧŴĵԾŮ˵˵ߣ˭ȥҧݺݵҧ𣿡
ŮĥĥݣƶǶĵ˵ͷҶɵĽŲŷȥ
ڰǰĿϺһվִӿڴһƱǰĹ䣬תһ߳ţ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ⵥһ룬Ͻβˣȥҳĺġ
һƽͷǰߵϸǰ˵磬Ǻе㲻Ծ
ԾŨüšһ嵽˵ſڣֻ۾˲ɵøţƵģ¾ȻƵĸ˼ұβͣתһȴʧ
ϵţվſڴӣͽȻȭһ죬׷δѾ׷˹ȥʣµƽͷҲ˹ȥ
ʱҶɵѾ´ſڣ׼߳ŵĵڣһۻĺ
СӢëǿӹɤŭǿϣղҶɵ˵ıӰ׷Ȼܴ·Χڶ˴ȦӲҵڱһѻ
ŮתŸŴƽͷҲת˹վԭŭݵĿϣͽȻ󲽳˹ȥСӢľŮһ߻һĥ·ǰվĲˣһζ˵ʴ͡


117 
ϼ³Լͷסһϲм˾ŮǰһеʵСӢû°ɣ
СӢľŮͽȻֹסĲӣ˹ȥ׼ڴ֮ͥ¸׸
ϸСӢ֮ԭ˹ϵǰЩǾٶϡƽദSMҪһܹͷ
ǴˣСӢûи죬ǰ΢΢ſϣͻȻ׹⣬͵ſںݺҧȥ
ѽһʹæСӢӣֻޱȵĶţҧסӾǲɿڣתۼѾѿϲҧѪ졣
վڶƽͷɤ﷢ͺһһ˹קסһ첲ͷҧʹһ˦첲˾ǲ֣첲еù죬ڿֻζĽ
ԵԻڵĺ»ҩⶫ˲ǿҵĻþҪѹʵҲѣֻҪܺ㹻ǿҵĴ̼ʹָǡ
һʱҲˣվԭشаӲŻعҴǰСӢƽͷдϴӲקסֱס
죬ȥŪˮǡѪֹĲܻĴУ˲ٺ˾Χۡ
һƽͷкܿ˼ƿȪˮһƿҿǶͷСӢȥ
СӢ˸ͷһ»عŶĿϣԺнղŷ飬ԭԻסǸڻˣû뵽Ǽһ緢ͼ˸ϻԻϣԼǵһЩҧˡ
ǿסʹñȪˮƽͷУԼһδɣҧĿĹˣﻹٵӰӣ
ŴѾţկ˵Ϊ˼ʶ̤ɽΨ﹩֮УأɽҶͣɽҶïԹŶڴ˵ϢܣԴҵչԺǵӰ㽥οȡ
կɽϵ˵Ǵļ磬ͿɽŮŮҦ;סŮɽĸʯŮҦɽӴ˵һ飬ɽ½һɽŻᱻ֮ΪɽɽɽˮˮǵĴ˵潲ҹҲꡣ
Ŵ;ɫ⻹һĿģˣղɭͨ˵绰Լ˾棬ڵλһߵƽɽϣɽͷֻһԲΪԾͦΣٲȻ˱һĴڡ
ҶңԶɽ͵֣ľдУһɽ㣬˸оĿ
磬Һܾûַˣ滳ǰµӰٻ۾пһ䣬չ˫ۣ·Ҫӵεɽ硣
ҶĿңԶ˵ǰǰӺǴɽûɽߣζ࣬ɽǺãܾ˵ʲô
ٻ˫ۣ̾˿˵޵Ľɽ̫ˣ
ɽ̫ˣҵѸͷչǰԤ֧ɽɽ˵·һֶصķʽǣȥֻһûĴɽ
Ŵ̧һֱ˵ɭǼһǻˣԼԼȴûӰˣøʲôá
ҶɵЦ˵µˣʱԣȻûν
Ŵüͷ˵Ȼûν˴ɷ˵ҪãҲҪиɣ
ǰŴٸɭͨ˵绰Լ˼ʱ͵ص㣬ʱѾ˴ͷɭǻӰӶҲѹơ
¡ͻȻըһףͻ䣬ƴ쾡ͷ̼ڱ̫ȻǱٵǰࡣ
Ҷ̧ͷһܲգ¶һ˿ǵı飬˵ˣǻҸطɣ
ŴתͷܣûзʲôܱĵطЦ˵˵ҲûɶĵطڸϻȥֻҪɭǼһĥĥĵʱ䣬һҪһٺݵġ
ǿѾˣѣٻͻȻָ̧ɽһһĨЦݣɭɽµС·첽ԻһҲıᣬΪýԶҲģ۵ľĹͷ
Ŵǰѭָһۣ¶һĨı飬˵ˣɭһʲô⣬ɽһôСã


118 ȵ
ɭűߵǰ̧ͷһգһǸ˵˼ղ鵢ˣ´ˣȴҸطɣ
˵ʱѾŴһõʵ˵ˣҵʲôõط
ɭ΢΢һЦɣɽиڸϹȥʮҾܵ
Ŵ̧һ˵īߴ·ɭǰΣż˳ɽȥ
ҶһͬɭһãڶʮϷµӣݣ㣬Ƥرף׵ÿԿ޽·ĵɫѪܣջ˵жǸŮֻϧ°Ƶһ棬̬ʦ̫˵Ⱥš
ɭߵü죬ʮӾһɽ£ӲݴѾû·
Ŵ̧ͷһ۶͵ɽڣһɻʵ˵Ĳأզ
ɭЦЦ̧һָɽϷ˵ƣǿᲱ棬ȥӷ˵깪ɽڳ͵һߣ˫ɴסɽϷһͻأʯֿ̧סһұϵļ϶ȥĶһֻþɽеĴԳ
Ҷ̧ͷŲʸߵӰɵ޵治֪ôɽġԼ߰׸ߵɽбһ֦ҶïᲱһȥصɽҵεڳĻҪй˵ĵС
վһԵСõ˵ʦʮǰͷ˲滹ʯͷɵķ֮ĶӦǹʱĳλɮĵطǰҺʦΣֻʦȡġ
ŴСõĻȤ΢Цʵɭʦ֣Ѳǰô
СŴҡҡͷʦֲǺУ׼ҵӣС͸ʦ
ŴٺһЦʦӦҲǸðɣɭҲ湻ţģѧȥҴУȥҸʦ˼
СϷһĨϼֵģʦʦҲֵӣ޵Ķʱ޴þʽŮ
쿴ɭȥˡٻָɽϵһҲ˵עתƵɽϣɭѾ֦˶ڣʱӶڴһݣһȫһϲ
ϲθϾУһϵðȫЩҪˡɭվڶں̧ͷգѾˡ
磬ȱСȥҰθϡҶɼȫǰСãðȫ˿һѸȥ
ŴϲסΣҲݣһͽȻͣͷСúʱСĵ㣬ˤšǸϧɽһĻûһͷȥ
Сòɫ˼ͽȻһͳɽڣۼѾ嵽ɽڲ߾룬ֻͷһȻ̧̤ɽڣ⡪Сýŵװ·һɾǿԣ˫̤̼˶ڣͣ½Ųͷһ۹ϵŴ٣˵ҲСĵ㣬ˤš˵ת߽˶ڡ
ҶɱСѾ˲Уɭڶеյ͵ƣɵƹԿȫòֹһϰƽףڰڷʯΡʯʯסʯ衢ʯ񡭡ʯͷɵģȻֲȴʵá
۵Ƕһʯ̨ʯ̨˸һƵԲʯԼôˮͰ֣һ˽ӵأһ˶ϸһֵһ˶ˡ
ٻƺҲȤĴ˵磬ǵӺͦ˼ģ߽Щô
ãҶӦһСߵʯԣ⿪ȫʯ̨ϡ
ٻʯϵĵƴ˲ͽȻһ磬Ӻ̡
ʹʹҶһץסСõϸ鿴֮ɫԱ
ٻϸһĨΣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ûˣһ㶼ʹ
ҶŷſСõִ֣ʯָⴥʯ˲оһ˿֣µĻ˵ȣû׼¿϶һ
ɭ΢Ц˵ᷢȵˣӦǹʱķŸɮȻʯɵĶȹȣӦò֣ӦǵȴݵϣҲпӲ⣬ڶʡˡ
Ҷûд˫۷ŵ棬Ȼ˳˼


119 Х
ҶԺиֳһξʯûйȦƣǰ͸ģһźһнಫ֮࣬ͬʱоһ룬˳ֱѸ죬ǰõʯμΪƣΨһͬʯݵĵ
쾧£һҪõԺеʾԳ˼٣Ҷüͷа˼⣬쾧ʲôãΪʲôʾ
ԴӻĳЩȻҶɶ˳ȻûϸȷԦЩÿԺгͻӦʾȻģɣĥһҲ⵽ص˼ûϸʾĳ
˭ҶԺżֵ󷢳ʾ˰Ū׵ͷԿ϶һ㣬ܷʾ˭һﶼǳ쾧Ҫ쾧ȡ˵
Ŵ΢ЦߵҶԣ̧һǣʵʲôأɵġ
Ҷָŵ棬뿪Ц˵ǲʲôҪҪҸһڡ
Ŵ˸ۣû˵ֻڣڵ˱ۺ졣˵ͷתվһԵɭʵҶҪڶڱ㲻ɣ
ɭҡҡͷЦ˵ûҷֲʮˣ©ʲôֻ֤ûԵֻ߾ˡֻ˵ĻЦû˭ϤɽıЩʯͷ裬˭ϲֻܰȥ
Ҷɾܣָû棬ѰʲôѾǴ裬ٵ˿Ӱ죬ҪҸΪǡʱѽµ쾧ٳ
ŴЦŴȤҶӣбڿ鹷ͷơ
䣬ҶŲţָ繳һӲʯϣһᣬžણһ죬ʯӦ¶һǳӡ
ףʲô⣿ۼŴٿǳһҫ۵ĺ⣬ûǸʲôҶԼٶ̽һѽվ
Ŵһ嵽ǰסڣʲôơ
ҶЦҲûɶһʯղѾһ˵ǣ㹻ӦŴٽ⡣
ʯϴͱµʯŴ¶һĨı飬û뵽Ҷ㶼ڳʯһʲô֪Ķ
ҶɺܹİʯŴУЦ˵һʯǿһֱߣղžǿʯ˸Ӧ˳ҵʯ
Ŵûдϸеʯʯͨһ֪Ǽǳѵõĺö
ʯⶫһһ飬˵ʯһָ˼顣
Ҷɰ׼õ˵ǽһ飬ڲȷԼӵЩȻڲЩʱκˣȥһЩҪ鷳
Ŵ˵ʯ׸ҶɣЦ˵ɭ˵ûĸԵúš
ɭһĨϧ֮ɫ˲ţָֻܿ˳̬Ƿ׼ҵӣԵ֣ԵǧñòʯֻܹԼԵδ
Ҷ߬ʯоⶫ¶ԶʯҪͣʶʯѾɢȥ˼ҲĥȻȡװһʯСӣһԺһͷʯһһȻ᲻໥أʯҪֿװŲУ
뵽ҶְѷȵʯݸСã˵ȰţؾƵҸװ
ٻӹʯģһ˷ܵĵ˵°˵ģٻһպá
ɭһ۶⣬Сõʵʦã˵ǰЩ˲ʳȡЩӰɣ
Сõ˵ͷߵʯһ߹ݸɭӹӴ򿪿һۣ޵ӣⶼǿԿųԵĶǲӿ
ŴҲתͷһ۶⣬ⳡûҪͣ˼ԽԽͣӵǸ⣬ϧСòڶĶ߲ˣЩ⿾ٺóҲȲϰ廨Ⱑ
¡һװľ촫붴У˸оŵһǵ
ɭһݣ˵һɽ廬£Щɽϵľ͵˲٣ֻ£ɽĶѣΪ˻ȥ˺ɽ
໺𡪡һ߿شɭĻڲղ˵ģжһһͷޡ


120 ȱС
ɽ廬׳һصȻֺǶɽϵľҿҷټ͵ɿصһϵƻ̬ƽΪʹĳЩɽڲṹ⵽𺦣ֻ£ɿڴɽܵķޣֻܱȷԭеϢأǨһ֮ɭ˵ĺɽһƬ֪
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ӷ𣡡С˫ƺʮһţŤһԾ򶴿ڣڵλ붴Լа׿⣬һѾʧ˶ڣݾ˵ĵ缶ԶھҲҪĴָ֡
ҶСȥķ˼룬ͽȻһĨ⣬ת첽ߵɭǰõͳʵɭ磬λСʦǹ𣿡
ɭϵı΢΢һ䣬ʵô֪ߣ
Ҷ¶һ˿еı飬˵Ȼشҵ⣬ҪҹΪ˸Сβ
ɭһ˿ȻɣͷǵģСʦúҶʦĵӣұ꣬۹ҿɱԶ
ʦҶһ˵ɭ磬ͣҺСȥʦô
ɭ¶һ˿Ϊѵı飬ü˼˰ҡͷ˼ʦǲ˵ģҿ°᲻ǡ
Ҷǰһ˵ɭ磬¾ΪѰĹߣֻй߲κСõȣŲǳ˵ȱΪôҲȥһʦˡ
ɭҧҡҡͷʵ˵ɣҹΪ˿ʦ˼ǰѾȥ˺ɽҲû˼ңСʦҳɽ˳ȥɹһЩճƷ
Ŵɭһģ˵ɭҶֵܣæҲҪģʦûǿԵȣǵʮҲνʱϣܰæвжǷһ顣
ŴٵĻԶҶ˵зɭԽϼһֱ׵ڣŶæӦðģеĶʦеܣݲκй¶
ɭ̾˿˵٣ҲӦҶȥʦ˼ٲһȥҲͻҲпһȥأǾĵҲδؾܵȵ
Ŵüͷһ˵׼ҵӣ˵˾Ǹ͵ģ¶ӦǸ书ǿСʦòŶ԰ɣ⻰˵ҶģȻɭΪѾֱСã˵иõЧ
ɭϵıЩΣڨڨһЦ˵ûʦʦ״ӣ͵ĸûȣҪ˵æȻٺò
С÷СʦΪ׼ҵӵɭʦʴӱѧѧϵ趼ԶԶλʦ֣Ǽ̳ʦ²Ĳѡ
ءһ޺ɭĻڴСüٵʦ֣Ұ̧ȥ
ɭ̰ȳڣʱʪĹ˻һֻ׺ĶСһĴָǴϸ󣬷±ˮ͸ϣĹյøߵҶԵŴ̾˿Сֹһʶϧˡ
ߴСתƵɭŵĶһͷӣһͷëڰߵĴѩ
֣ѩôܵկˣŴҲϳһͷڱѩеĶ֮½סһ䡣
ҶɲΪȻĴ뵱Ħܳ;ɽһͷѩҲûʲôֵôСֵġ
ŴһۣŴĴָ˵޵еСţ޳ţ̫ˡ
˵ʱɭѾѩߵ˸ǰ£ҶɷѩȶϷиƹСѪƤⷭѪ˳˿ڱزȾӡ
ֵͷ͵Ķﲢûбֳκοܣһ˫ɫ۾Ŷ컺ţĬĬʹࡣ
С÷ѩԶƫͷɭ˵ʦ֣鷳ȥЩɾȪˮٰѹľƺͽҩù
ɭӦһת߹ȥޣܿһͰȪˮͼƿӣʦñµģЩǵʦôСϲһʱկ͵ԲⱣ;˵ĶضҽΣСɽҰã󵽲¹ֻҪǱ˵Ķﶼҽֱǻָ
⼸կĶѾ٣͵ҲûĿ꣬СʦԲڶ׼Щҩ֮Ķ쵹óͷѩ֪ʲô·ɽ廬ʱһ۶ϵ֦ȣʦ÷ѾʯûĵСʦó־һ


121 ʹ
ɭԣ˵Сĵ㣬һ׵úܡ
˵ͷִͰȡһëպʪ˿ʼѩϴ˿ڡ
໣ѩʹͽȻ̧ͷһأֻһ˿⣬ͷϵƤţļ
֣ͣе͵ɴްżɡ䣬˵Ҳ֣ԭ겻ѩеĵ⽥ȥͷ
һߵһ߼ѩ˿ڣͷ֮ǿסʹѱֻŲ˹èʹûҲû¶ࡣ
Ҷվһϸĸ˵ѩҩаˣСö˵޶ܳ־Σ˿϶û⣬æһҪΪСβоͲȥʦˡ
ܿΪѩ˿ڣͷḧ˵ҪһʱָܻһԵĹ˵һ뵽ʲôüͷ˵Ҫģô죿
ŽɱǴɣ˵Ǯȥʳûֱɱڽȷ涨˽ԹʳҲɱСʦӲΥɵ飬ûʳѩ˺Ѹԭһʱѵľء
ҶɴΪѵıвµһЩǰ˵ҿԽдɭ죬ѩιʳ᷽һЩ
̧ͷҶɣ¶һĨм֮ɫչһЦʦչȻõģҹ˿ھͲˣлл㡣ҲûʲôƶᡱһĴʶԾӣճзҲƶ֣νͨ˲ûʲô
ҶҡͷЦлʵм㣬Сȣһλҽ˵ˣֻйΡ
ƫͷһһԵٻüͷ΢΢һ˵ҾˣǴûиι
ǸҽŴСֹһ䣬¶һ˿ɫѾٻԼСãܾһҽСβܲס
ûŴеı壬һ˵ʵ˶ѧģӦ˵ҲǸϸҽ
Ŵķ˸ۣתͷҶɣǲðҽСȣȨϡ
ʱҶɵ߾۽ٻϣСȻһɿ˵ģСüˮ׽һ˿ɻ󣬿С¶еʱܸȸκҸͰɣ
뵽Ҷ߼ǰѹ˵СõĲЩرеĻҿԸȥ˵ô
һۣ°һ㣬ӾֱȥҶҲ˹ȥⱩ裬˵̸ڣ˸䡣
ȻˣͲ˿ҶɰСõĲгСü˰˵Ӥι˻ֶ֣ѨĹҶٶһЩһ԰ɣ
Ҷһ˵лˣκСõǷһ飬ʲôС
ҡҡͷҴӦҲҪʲôرޣֻ˵ΪҪǲҿԴȥʦ˼Ӧа취
⻰˵ҶĿۿ죬һĵͷ˵лл㣬ǳлʱ˿κԶԱеĸмֻһĵл
һЦл˴ȱΪΣǱݣȥСýѨɣ
ãҶӦһ첽صУСÿߵٻԣ˵СʩҸ㿴š
ٻѧɲŵİҽûųУֳʯ̨̧˫ȡ
ӣ˫ȣ˵ܻЩҲеʹ̲סֻܽг
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ʱȥ˼룬ٻоһӽ״˳СӿϥǣͻȻϥϴһǿҵĴʹ·ĸͬʱϥǣ׼ҲʹûһҧأӲûк߳һʹζŽһʹ˰ӿԺʹɸӲǿûз
̧ͷһٻͷȻһǰŽεѾʹŤĺ˳ղͣ£Ůڳų޷ʹ࣬ʲôȻǿ̾ʹһԣ


122 
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ٻɵЦЦ˵ʹʲôҪǽʹᵣĵģҧһ̾͹ȥˡ
˵ͣһȥɽʦʦʱܻʹ࣬סô
ٻԥ룬⣬˵ֻҪκȣʹҲס˵ʱŲղ׶ʴǵʹƲסһ󷢶
°һ㣬תߵҶɸǰ˵ΪҲǿ֣֮ΪѨߣǿгѨֻɼʹ࣬ͣһȥɽʦǾͲøˣʦִȥɽסϢһἰʱ֪ͨ
ҶһСãʵô
ҡҡͷУʦ˼Ҳϲ˴ҴӦСùȥβѾˣϣ㲻ҪΪѡ
Ҷ˵ʲôվһԵɭ˵Ҷ٣ɽҲûȥСʦôӦ˽ȥѾǴҪȥֻʵ䷴
ҶɵͷðɣҾɽµϢ鷳Сʦˡ
һ˵ģܽҶʦְҽΣ죬һͻϢ
ɭҶͬʱĿתվڲԶŴ٣Ҫס컹
Ŵʼ磬Ц˵ǿʲôסνȥܸѹϷԭμǳսģڷɻҶһ״ͷǰȥ߸ͺá
ÿȥҲ죬Сʱͣסһ˳˲ֵٷֱʱٻۿᣬŴ־þòſҶɺͷϸİο˺һ˵ȥ˽нԶıӰж˼Īꡣ
ɫɭһ·ǰУǰһƬ֣ɮ֮أҹ䣬٣·Ҳͽֺ⡣
ֹשʯǧ͵̼գϵ鷨ҲпͷһҪһȦɫ̫οǶѾ뿪ǿԸιۣ
䣬Ӹשʯߵĺˣиһ˦ͳ弸ǰ
ɭ粽ǰŶĹˣ˵ѣ·߰ߣǵ·ô˼ĿŴ٣ȻҪͦƾıʰٵСһ
Ҳ𻰣ͬʱ˦ǣ죬һԵשʯֳֳ˦ĺ¹ˣǰΧ˸뻡˫˸ֻɭ޵гӵĶ
ɭͷһݣĿѸɨܣһӵϽƾһ֮ѱŴٲ˺ҲǣҲɣһʱѡ
ŴƺɭѴͲһģ˵ֻܷװ⣬ҶӶġ
ãɭȻһϺȣһǰ˫˫ȭֵţһҰ׿Ƽ磬תۼȭؽ
Ҳ˦һɨڹ⣬һбó飬һնֱɭӦԣҪø˫ȭ³
ɭٺһЦ˫ȭȻɿתһܹ˦˫̽סϥ䳯ֻú˱˸Ľų죬е˦žء
һ̧˦ָŴеϣȴҰСӡûѾӶ˦ɭʣҲһӹͳŴҶɡ
Ҷڹ˳ֵһѾѵץϣ˳嵽ǰ˦־һ˫
ϣ
ι
˱ͷѪҽ˫ǹڵϣҶüٶȴӿڴŸƤ׼ŴˡһͬĲһȻͬʱ˼̧ס˱ӡ
ҶеĵˣסƤָ΢΢ɣ಻ſ鷢׼˲һֻͽȻ쵽˹ǰŶߴһ̾
֪СõҪ¶һֽųôŴƵסţԹҶһǣ˸˵С߯Ĳ㣬쵽ҹһȥ
Ҷ죬ַµЦ˵ˣҿϷô
ŹŴٺһЦֵ轺ɵţ棡


123 
˶һۣӶе˦ŴǹߵߣΪľǾܿǰѸĵ
Ŵ˵¶һĨ˷ܵı飬һ˼ơ
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ŴЦбȭӭϣֻȭ˦϶дڹͷµǰһغ̸ߵĹ轺ͷϡ
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Ŵ˳һ̣˦Уֵ˵£̧ŰѻԲѵ˸泯죬ýżÿһϵߣ¶һѪ
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Ŵ˫΢УһĨааĻȣͷһ湻ĵģȥץ֨ĺúǵ·
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ѽһʹֻһʹ̱ȥָ̧ɭ˵㡭Ұ͵ˡ
ղɭһצΪӥצָͣһ۰Ѷİһ飬пƴʵ򲻻ȥʮ¶Ե֮Ķָֻܻٶһ
ɭһѳȥϵߣʵ˵ɣ˭ǵģ
Ͻҧأһ˫ͭסɭڳһ˿ڲļơ
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˫һģ¶һĨȻı飬˵ˣֵܳԵǵȵķ˳߼һһţֵֵµĻƲӲûʺƣ׵ӽ쵶ӳʹġ
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ү˵ǰ񣿡ɭüͷһšһ䣬ʵѾ˴𰸣үֻҪԿ˽˶İν˵Ӱүڿϻһ쵱ţ
ϼ֪үʵգκһɴСϣ򽻵һпڣүţ衣
үֻҪţζһѳƱȻǮҲǰ׸ģǮҪ˳㹻õȻĶ


124 ֮
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ŴҪһһͷʱһŭ𣬲׵˭ҪΣնɱѿ֮УʲôүүѾĵߡ
ϱһ°ͣĵأʹֱǿסʹͷۣװõİ취
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ɭһۿϣƤ΢΢˼£üͷ˵Ȳ̫ۣӥצĵɣ
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ŴааһЦ˵Ҫаٵɭ𡣡
Ͽ˵ᣬүʱ䣬ȥ컹죬ʱϵ˸β˰ֽ㣬·
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ŴĿһݣ˵ҪҸҶֽţûҵҪλү
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ϿŴ˸Ҿ˵鷳ǣҿԱ֤ǲٶˡ
Ŵޱ˵ȥɣˣҪҳүĻ׵ļһﻹŴҲ
ظ˿߹ȥֳУһŪѣڶЩƤˣֹѪⲻ⼸¶ĸ˭ﶼܡ
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һƽͷд粽ǰ˵ϴ˵ôɣ۸Ƕġ
͵ԣǶġ
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׻˵£òͷϾүΨһеķӣλ˰үĽƻڰү£Ǳʶʡˡ


125 
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Ŵٵİſϲκ飬Ҳϣ˳ðү֣ͿԽ鷳ͬȡдԲСľͻԼһëشȥ첻֪£һ׬һ졣
ҶɺŴͬסһ䣬ס㲻ϴڴģھǿϺһµķ䣬һʲô״ٶȸϹȥ
Ŵ˫ֽԺ˵ҶӣСø׼ǻر⵵¶ûҪŲ͡
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Ŵ¶һĨЦݣ˵⵵Ǹµģ绹ûϡ
ҶһִֵҡҡͷУһľӦһȥ
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Ŵ˸˵Сӱһһէĺôֻ˯үǲɵǴڶҵģڲЩӦǰȫġ
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ּСϻǰУԼôһӹ⾰һСɽͣ˽Ų˵СٻɽϵһЩصĶҪúڲס۾ʮҾͺá
ٻ΢Цŵ˵ͷУ㿴Űɣ˵ϵı۾˫ʶץη֡
ȡһڲٻ˫ۣͽȻһο첽ƹɽççɽȥ
ٻϣܸоԼڸƶϴ۲ŷǰһƬڣ۵ĺڲĻǿסͷ
ʱȥڰеٻо˺ܾúܾãֹͣߴһͳ
ô˴ˣ͸һ˿á
Ŵʦ壬λҵѣʦȵģҸס۾ȥʦκס۾ȥҽȥ
ͳٶ𣺡֣ʦʱѧҽصز˵Ƚ룬ǧǰµŹ棬ǴȥʦҲһ𷣣˴߰ɣ
˵Сٻѣʲô˵ȣʦ壬ͷл˵˵Ҫִ뿪޻˵
ƺڸλʦҧ䣬˵ӳ裬ٻ˵Щʲôӹ⾰һ̾Сﾹ˶֣Ϊŵٺȥɣ
лʦ壬һЩͦõĹһΡ
ٻԸоС·ƽﲻЩƣŵʲôطΪʲôûа۲ȡ
֨ѽŵٻоͣ˼ֿʼǰУһ˿ǿף̲סӣ˵㰡رζ
㣬ΪջãһŮ𣬴ѷֱԷ͡


126 
һͻȻٻܵı˫ۣ֪۲۾һ֮Уڵİܼ򵥣ϲŷţ飬֮ûֵǸղŷŵȴҲ¯
еһã˸ԴϹϾģϲжϳǰλʦʦ
ʦӰ˵ʦޣСٻȲҲа취ҽΣºҲ
ʦͷ΢΢һ˵ΪʦҲֻǴͨҽһ԰ɣ
ߵʦǰٻʦһŲƺͰ̺۵һ˫ӣ⿴˫۾˿̬
ʦһ¶ٻͷת˵£Ϊʦ
Աٻʦ棬ʦסٻ󣬶꣬ʦһĨâȻ̧ٻԺѨһġ
žٻǰһ㣬ͷĿ˯ȥʦ̧ͷ˵ҽҽ֮ˣѶԵҽˣΪʦҲҽˡ
ɫ䣬ʵΪʲôǱ˷ѨλѵҲⲻô
ʦҡҡͷ廹ϵˣһԹڹǿΪѨЩΪʦֻǽ⿪ϵϱѨλȴԵȻԵС
򴽣һ۱Ŀ˯ٻĪó
ҶһŴڷУվӦһ˿ԤУץֻͨŴٵ绰
Ƹޡһ߿ֻﴫҶɿ첽ǰ򿪳룬Ŵٵֻڳڣֻ»ѹһֽһƣϵıʱùֽŤŤдһ仰
ҶӣϺȥˣ
ˣʱʶʲôϺУҶɵһ䣬˳ְֻֽŽڴȥԡҺϴһ˷š
ճŸڷʱһխ죬ɭŷ̽ͷ˵Ҷ٣鷳ȥŷ͹ӾС
Ҷ˳ŷһۣϺڿڿ齫Ҳɭܹܣջߣ˵УҾ
ɭ΢΢һЦʱˣţٽ緹ҽУԶˡ
ףҶɵ˵ͷ첽ǰȥסʱÿ˲ڵλãᳵ·
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һСտ˰ͻȻһķţӷ𣡡
Ҷɱһ£СɤҴץ𶹽ڲŰѰ£תͷһƣվһɮµֺСжͷԲ⣬϶һͷ΢Ц
СʩƶɮôֺЦеһŵ߹ϣԹҶɶ£һȫ߸
ҶɺòЦЦ˵пλÿɼٴ²Զϼûɶϡ档
лСʩƶɮһ֮롣ֺץһͷյߣȴٳû¿ڣ΢е˫ȻŶҶɣϹһĨƵЦݡ
Ҷְ̧ʣµİЦ˵Уʲôв֮룿տʼֺûиоʲôףԷڴľ裬һСġ
ֺпһͷ˹˵ƶɮ󣬸ͷʣСʩƶɮһ
ֺԭһҪݡҶͷȻһɣӴóһƵֺǰ˵ҵǶ˼һ
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Ҷ¶һ˿죬üʵһһǷ㵹˵˵Ƿʲô
Ϲ΢Ц˵ֲʩʩʩʩʩʩʩʩʩԵô󸣱ƶɮʩʩʩʩСʩ㲻Ƿƶɮô
ҶǹһĨĻȣʵüһһܹĵ˵Ƿô


127 
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ɮʩˮ񸣶ڴСʩɮɼҵϣԵġ
д򿪹´ڶҶɣ˵ĳƱ˵ģʵϵȻԽԽá
ҶǹһĨЦ⣬ִӿڴͳʮƱһŽڣе˵һʮ飬ڶҲʮ飬ʮ飬ˡ
кٺٸЦ˵лСʩٱǰƶɮһ䣬СƲᣬͷ
ҶͻȻٴƲڣһָסųƱ˵ʩģĻڲʩˣԣҭš˵˻еĳƱڴѸٰСװϴߣٴֺС
ƺû뵽ԷĳƱջȥϵıȻһͣ˦ͷعʱҶѾߵ˲ſڡ
ÿŵСӣܿͻ֪˵ûˣٺٺ١ҶɵıӰ˵Ц
ιĺУүҡײƭǻˡһװͻȻһתͷһֻƵĴͻһй´վü۵ĴУһץǸƲ´
ǡǮ̧һ΢΢ָУ˵һϰһǴĴ
ù´Ĵ˵ģⲻûա
һ㵣˫ͷŶĴУֻ˲Ĵӿڴͳ´ϣӡż֣
п粽ǰɷ˵첲ȥһ߻һ̧Ĵ򣬷ⲯĴ졣
ڵʳǷ׷ֳƿ죬Ҷҡײƭļٺʹʺļһ͸úݺΡ
ڲһһͷСˣмߺ¶һĨζЦݣͳֻѸٱ༭һŷ˳ȥ
Ҷɲ֪дߣʳɭš
Ŵ򿪣ɭ̽ͷֽӹ˻ȥҶɿ˴Ӵ齫˿ˣƣܹؾڷžѾǳѵˡ
ҶɻصԹͣҳǱ칦ɳϿ
Թǰ漸ĸҶɿһιڹߵĽܣ߷Ϊĸ׶Σڡڡ۷塢Բ칦׷ľǺԲ֮ţ̼ΪǼʮ꣬һѿֻͥѭϲȻա
ν͸һֵˣ̤֮߰һ칦ǰǰһλ쾳Ĺ߻λǰһִţҲһʱŲ뿪Ӵһȥ֮ûгֹһλߣΪֹں۷壬ȥͥ㣬ɢ׺һڣ˵
쵽ôѣǸĹôҶɶϵСһͷͣ칦ĥһЩŵͲȥʲôߣ׻˵˲󼺣󼺲ѧ
ָᲦһҳһ·ͷͼ·һС֣칦ͼ
ǰĽܶģһҳʼһƪƪ칦ĻҲ̤ͥĵһ칦ϼأ֣һΪһΪʵ˼þУѧէײֻܿһЩ巴Ӧɵģ˵Ƥ˸ƨȵȣԭ廨š
û壬෴ǳҪҲڸܵͬʱܸӦڣʵʵ߻У䡢ȡʹתݡ
ӦʵĴھ͵˵һҪڼвϸʵеλã̵ֱʱ׼ȷĸܵʵڲ˵һ
Ĺ̿죬ҲءҶղϼصķӱȣʼӦĴڣⴿһʶΪģµĳɷռ˴롣
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãҶͻȻо˫ƸһСа˳ֱ䶯һỺǿң̲סߺ˫ۣио̼ʧӰ١
ˡʱ죬Ҷɴɳϵ


128 ˾ȥ
Ҷ̧ͷһǽϵĹӣʱȻѾ㣬ߵԵͷè飬Ŵվ⣬ϻһװвͺеϴ
ţŴŴӳһΣЦе˵СӻûԷɣһݷǽ죬ȳԡ
ҶɽӹЦöӶˣҲһԵ㣿
ŴЦҡͷãҸղѾԹˡ
Ҷûж˵ʲôŴߵɳ£ȡеĲͺзڲ輸ϴ򿪣һŨƮɢڵķǽͬһа׷ץ̿ղϡͿһͨСӶùУݷǽʱ
Ŵ߽䣬һҵţбףЦ˵Ҷӣ绹ҪȥһˣһͻڷС
ҶɰǷĶ΢΢һ٣ƫͷһɳϵСӣ˵ͷǷڷ˵Ǹͦѡ񣬿ԾĥⱾ칦
Ŵ¶һ˿ƣֵ̬ˣϴϴ˯ˣ컹ҪϺ塣˵ЬҲѣ첽߽ԡҡ
ŴˣϴͷҲôɾʹŴõڴ˯ú죬治֪ǸϺл̨ǸϺд̨֮ˡ
ҶɶˣѴķǽ˸ɾﶪͺиƵĹ⾻ﰵЩģҸо͸԰ĵûιĶƵģҪ칦˵ɿţڶ
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ᣬܿ˼мιڹֳƵûսһرҶ˵ǹŴʮ֮һΪҶãʵ޻ȴ˫ҶдĳҶţ࣬Ϊѹĳ˰λۡ
ҶһҹʳŹ˾ϰ壬Ѵ˵еĳ֮Ϊ֮һԸ˾һ൱ͷֵ
Ҷ濴˿ҶͼƬһͨڵĲ˵ģھӼҹõĲ˵ͬС죬ֻи̽ǣ޹
Ҷα޴ӿͨȨսʱڣĳֺϳɽɣ侭ǧ£Ͽƺͼɴƶ⼫пǵһҶʹõĲ˵Ҳֻλ˵
Ҷɿ˼ƵҶûʲôȤ˾ͽϯǰţŸżΣһҲûȫ䵱ĳӵĽɫ
һȤᣬȥȥνҶɴ˸Ƿϵԣߵǰ£ǸСüˣҲ֪εôˣ
һٻ˯лѣתͷһܣԼһڵľ崲ϣϸһűֻСľϸ質
ˣǵʦڸҰģôϡͿľ˯ˣٻһ䣬ֳŲߡ
֨ѽľűƿһľˮ軺˽Цʵ˯ûô
ٻ˵ͷ˯úܺãҵȡ˵һͣ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫѾµһЩ
ˮߵǰǸ˵ԲʦΪ
ٻ¶һĨЦҡͷûʲôԲģʵ֮ǰѾĴ㣬ҪллŶԡ
ҡҡͷϴʦҴȥеС͸㡣
ٻ΢Цŵ˵ͷִëϴϴ£˵߰ɣʦһȥһȼˡ˵Ծı˫ۣȴ۵ĺڲ
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ڰʱ̣ܶŹӣٻоԼһϣ۵ĺڲժ£ǰԼһϣǰڷһСʦʦ˫۱պϣ·ûĴڡ
ٻע⵽СϰڷһƵľһСƿûгʦԹԾȴ
ãʦ΢˫ۣ˵ʹֽΪСʩֻرģԻвϵһ죬оһȥʹҩһƿԺõŵģȥɣ
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ʦ㾫â˫е类ǰλѩŮ͸


129 ǻ
Ŵ˯ʱȴȴ磬ҶһѾŴ٣Ϻû񫣬ȥ˶ſģ֤Ҳ
ҶŴٵĻؾشڷһͣΨһľͳǱղصСĥ
СӣҶֱԹƪɶǼ٣ƺŵ˵
ڶƪԦƪΪΪ裬´ţϣϢϢ
ԦƪĵеҲ⣬񼴾ҲΪƥסͻһƥԹߣ칷ϼ
ѾͨˣҶԺбĳʵһµͷмҪҪȷǲʵЧģʱ˿ӲŷûӲ
ҶɳϷ壬ʼӦĴڣܿо˫ĸһӿµģϸϸģС˳ֱ䶯
ⲻǻþ϶УʵҲҶԺһͷ̿ʼԦƪϵķѾ˫
֪֮ѣ֮סҶɳԹԦʱԦƪϵдĶ֪ףԦʧܲĺǷƨһһƨ
ѭ˫ۻ˼ͷɽ˶ƵͻȻ³壬ƨ˳ҶɷСƵýöγʧܸա
СӣץסרʰһǸˡҶҧ˸ݣ˫һնָһǹɸƨˡ
ۣһƨҶӣ¶һ˿ϲɫΪѾɹסο˼£ǹݣǸо˴ߵĵͷͻҪ
ҶɵԲ۾ǣסϵչһսһ˲֪ãǹھֹƾǣֱһûͷûβĹ͹
ͬǰ۳һɣԹԱҶǣߣտʼƨܿҲŵҶɿס˵ڶ͹
Ҷǣ͹ڴֻͻȻסȻһɣ˲ɢȥֵξȻûбƨûȥϸƨ¶ͳֻͨ˵绰
磬һϤУҶһЩֻڵϡ
κôҶǿסмƽ͵Ŀ䣬Ѿվ
绰ͷٻĬ˼룬˵ʦû취κҵȣڵˣ
Ҷͷһʧ䣬ܿ˵ãֵȻᣬϹ㡣˵ϵ绰һܳ˷ţûκСõһʧ䣬ҪȥСԣʱѾȫŴ˵Ļ׵Ժ
οʱ·һεСò˷׷ײĿһλ񾲿˵Ůʱʱ̸Ц䣬Ƕȥ棬ڵˡ
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ƽʱӲκξפ㣬Ǹ׼ĴҴҹͣ⣬Ҫְֱͣٻ硣
Ϊ˱ڵשʯΧľդֻդǾ۾͹ĵڣȻ֪м˫۾ǵǮ
㿴͵ϵٻͻȻһ̧бָդǰû飬զ˵㣬ڷԲʮڵ˶Ҳ˿ڴļһ
ѭָķȥüͷ΢΢һդһ̷СȻİһӴһطŮɿأӼ˼һҵСǮ
ٻһ²طŮתͷüСӼԼǮﴧ
ʲôİ֣طŮɵԲ˫۴һְǮ˻Ϸŭıܿ˾㵣͵ǮСЦĻмһλεĵ浶Ƭ


130 
׻˵飬͵˵顣ץλվԭвʧĴ٣ǰЦС޿֣ĵƬб⣬ƺһ̾ͻỮطŮƯ
طŮɱľٶŵˣǮʧĺԵοͲ٣ҺĳĬƵ˿ĸߴ׳Сͦͦƺͷְܿͷȥ
СѾ£һȺü۵ˣ׳Сͷԭ
һܹʮԳɽʮ̫̫ǰСˣжǸ۲۵ԣʮ̫žģ½үС˵һаɸȡģһƽóһɵľЩ͵ɹƭĹɽ˶ľѾкܳһʱ䣬ٱǵ˲٣ʼղ֮ܰԷɽһ
ͷ²ؼ߹𣬶¶ƨȺѾŻǿͷһΪǵĮη壬ʮ̫棬¾ۼ˲ٻӣϲĵطﲻ˶֣ҵθӣһʲôҲ㼰ʱ
طŮɻֻΧȺеӣѾʼڣղҪװƾͺˣʵǮҲûǮֽɶռ˴룬͵Ҳν
̧һĨĵƬʧƫͷطŮɣЦЦʵŮղ˵˭ǰ֣
طŮһ࣬ĿİͰ͵˵ûҡʲôû˵Ϊȫò˵Ϲˡ
һĨָָ̻ϵǮЦ˵ŮǮҵģΪʲôأ
޳ܵģû޳ܵģͥ˾Ȼ˵ߵڰ׵İϷ
طŮϵıֻͷӬܣһϣһȺƻʵ᲻ŵҧԥһ£鲻ԸİץǮֳСȥ
ӷýٵȡ˲ƣƶ򣬶λʩο຦˺һŴʮ̫طŮ쵽һװ˵ɰ˻ȥ
תͷԶվһεĿСãһλŮһڵ˵˵ϴ󣬸ղžǸȳѾͷҽлۺüɻֵʧ֡
ƫͷһֻĹ⣬ƫͷ˵Се죬
е˵կãǰȥɽµ
ǹһ˿Ц˵ȥѵһ£Ҷһϻ췹Եģͷ̧ͷŵ㡣
ʮ̫շʵսǿģѵһ۵Сһ
ƺðɣѶЦӦһſڲߵǰվĿǰɨɨЦ˵Сãϴѵ㣬ҪҲ㣬¾ͽҹȥˡ
һӵסһţӷ𣡡
ѶһЦӲϺ׶Ըצδ䣬ɨСա
ƫѶİɨȴëû
Ѷһɨգ΢΢һ㵣ָһսȭͷǰһȭ͵Сţһȭǰ֮ٶȻﵽһ൱˵ĳ̶ȣܹרҵȭѵ
ɫ糣Сתȭͷŷ±滬δȶԷȭջȻһС
ѽѶʹһ˼ϴСаţŪѾˣ
ɫһݣкԵ̫ǳ˹ȥųԴֽУŤͷһֻ̫ȥָð˿˿Ѫ
ϴ㿴ǵ
һָ̫ǰ˳ָķȥֻԼʮ׿һֳľ辵˻Сڵķȥʼʮֻ̫ҪǸڵõİ
¶һĨεŭݣָܻĺҸһȥסСᡭ
δ䣬̫ҽУ˫浹ȥƺûжȻƣ˵ǵ׼ȴѷκι
һһ·һεʮ̫ٺҲǰ벽ֻҪǽŲѶ̾ͻһŸ鼲ǿҪѪġ
ҶյƣߵԣһǸ˵ٻˡ


131 жȮ
ĳٻԭŵȻһɣȴ¶һ˿ǵı飬˵磬Сĵ㣬˶ģ׵úܡ
ҶһĨŵЦݣ˵ģĵרʰݻԴӮɻԼĵ˸ǰһʶСϿԷӳǿԸ͵ڻ¡
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뵽ͦСô˸֣˵ֵԣɽˮֵܼ꣬ˡ˵ʱߵ̫ǵ˸ɫû˵ķ˵һѷɢȥ
ʮ̫ĸɴྡྷҶľ⣬ûǰҲûǰվԭȺѸȥ
ûΪǻǰһġҶڨЦŰѵʵˣûжղԶԶһȺڵĳСã鼱֮ͳ䣬֪һ䡣
ٻҡҡͷ˵û̫ɶ͵ֻҪвˣʵڿǰֹǾͳˣ㶼ˡ
һȺӲĶ֪ҾͶǼŵ顣Ҷɵһ䣬ĿתһԵﰵԭΪԵ£û뵽ǰСóа⻹ͦеġ
񿴵Ƥüͷ˵߰ɣﲻ˵ĵط
Ҷ΢΢һЦãû緹ɣҴȥԵ㶫׼ȥɼٴһ٣һǸлСȥʦβڷһβϸڣҲиס
˵ͷֱֳڷȥҶοм˸ţһ·ƵƵתͷɨȷû˶֮Ű
˰ģҲ˲쿪ϳһ£°ϴ˰Ʊаջϴڡ
ϴ󱻰µСը˹һȺûͷӬƵĸѰңͷվ̳ޡ׳ҵĵطˣҲλϴ˼Ƶʧ١
ȻǰƱҪ󣬱ϴİǸһѰһߵϢֻҪ˵ļһҪа취ӦôҲ벻ڶһĿϢ
İϴ󱻾װŶйſڵͰԣǿڴһỤǸԵĹʣСʱ͵尢ϴļëƤɱ˷Ż֮׮׮©ǲѰջһݴ񣬰һԶͽ˿
λϴǵڿҧгݴʲôһҪѰүϵǣ浽ϴݣֱӰѡϵĳˡ
յϢİɹǸѸжͨ;ѰҰүֻҪҵ˲ϧһдҲҪ¡Ϣͨĵﶼ϶ǰүϴͽ˾ӣ֮䵽ʲôڿֻе
үǿϳѾõķѲǵѡ˱ֳĬλϴںţһҧүǰͽĺ֣ڵǻ͵ʺʺ
ҳһ࣬йŷ˳һڳжǳͷǱѼϴء
ƶһжѿϺڶ˸ֲһʱ俴ΪΪ֮һ塣
ѲүļƻҲⳡͻж״ңǸǶĶصĲأνĺͷŭηǰ԰Ķܱ
и壬嶫ͷŶĴԺӣ߸ߵԺǽϳ˴̵ɽ˼Ժӵˣ߽ųյԺžͻƵĹУԺ˹һֹһ
Ϧ䣬ϼպ졣Ժǰ߹һǣţĳ꣬ϲС񣬺֣ÿ綼ǣͷϻţԺǰԺǰͣһͣԺڵĹһͷ̫ͣɽǣųԱϻţٹһˣͣһͣùٷһٲȻһȤ
ϲǣϻţվڴԺǰбһβͲݣ۾ȴ˰ΣûϤĹһƣͷյŷǰۣͻȻһ˿ţϡ
Ժ


132 ټԵ
ϲûϸֹһԺֻʮмԿǶˣԽһأŵûֱ£ÿ춺Ȥˡ
ͷòԹ˰ɣ԰Թһ͹ˣҲȫ˰ɡϲתϻţţ߶ͷϻţõѣţٵ¶ţ˵Ѿüˡ
衪ϻţ˵Ļͷһϲţؼҵ·ȥ˼ҹŴ򹷸ϰëǮϵ
߳Զϲһ죬תͷһֻյԺŴһ룬ڳһɫĦгһȫ֣䡪ϻţ·԰ĦгٶȲţһԺХ
֣ҲءϲСֹһ䣬һ˿ԤУվԭش˼ҧҧתţ˩·һͩϣԺȥ
ϲ̧߽ԺţһŨѪζǿף಻ļԺһƽǰͣסŲɤӴ𣿡Ӧֻк룬ŵŶ롣
谡ɱˣһֵļдڴϲײײ˳һǰ˵ſһϣͿһѪҲ˲òϵѪܳԺţһ·һ·ܿյϢĴǴ˷Ժӻۡ
Сʱ󣬿йֳ칫յһݼ򱨣巢һ׮永˴һԺڣɱʮȮԺĳȫ˰ڷϣж൶÷ĵƬȥСƤ⣬˿ڻĨ˼ӵʳΣȫʹ˹ȥ
ֵܺ˻ָǺԴǶǶʸڷϼ˵ò԰ҲһϸȷĳݣԭǿϺպ˳ưү
Ϻ֪үҶ֪һ仰үţ衣үǲүֻҪϾܳ§ŽεΣǸоֱðݣϻҲӮҡ
йֳλŵİүʵϳͣλϺ绽İΪĶ¸ӦĴۡ
׻˵úãڽƯܲүϽȻҲаľ򣬵ϣһЩү⿪вʮأԭкܶ뿪У̫ţΪΣյĵطȫĵطںݺݰһӴ˰
үһ籩ƽϢ˲²һбһֻδƶҲݣǻðѲ²ڶ
Ҷڶɼٴһٷʢիիʵݣζ൱СóԵЦÿһ˶ϼ䣬ʳ˰׷϶˸顣
ҳԱˡ΢Цŷ¿ӣȻ΢ĵĶƤ˵ܾûԹôˣزζǲԺлҪ
Ҷɺµ˼Ц˵ζɣȻϲԡһ٣͵ǻ飬һٷܾЩ
ɫͽȻһ䣬˫ƺʮվӷһٷЩҶһҪ죬лˣ˵뿪λ¶һ˿ң̫죬Щмܲסˡ
ٻסڣ΢Ц˵óԵĶȻϲڲĲϲĶ޼ĿںһŶԡ
ϲҲңҲңĿںһҡ૵΢üͷչһ˿ǳǳЦ⣬˫ƺʮٻһ񣺡ӷ𣬺һĿںһԭδˡ
ٻЦˣĲҿڲңһӦô
ҡͷ΢ЦöżһٲлζҲҵıģԵһۡ
ٻŴۿ΢΢죬ָɷſڣ˵лһҪϵѡΪȲĹϵСͺͬ˽ӴҲû֪ѣ̶ӴǳͶԵٷֱʱĶǲᡣ
ִӻͳһľٻϣ˵ᱣģԵټ˵תſȥߵúߵſʱͣס˽Ųתͷٻһ̧ۣžֱ߳⡣
ٻḧǴԴµķ飬Ŀ뿪ֱģıӰȫʧҰ֮У֪˳ĬĬ¡
ҶߵСñסΰ֣΢Ц˵˸ˣҪǵѧУż˸ٴһˣʱҹС


133 Ц绨
ս£űƿŴ˽˵ͷһЦǴкһҵаҴ߽ԡң꣬ԡڴһ󻩻ˮ
ٻüͷ˵磬ϺŨѪζŵûУ
Ҷ̧ͷӣȻŵһɵѪζͷһ۵ذ壬кһĨ⣬ǰָһɫǳëʲôëյǼţ¶һ˿ı飬ˣ粻˵ϺôѲϺл˹
ëɢһɴ̱ǵζҶɶζİǹϵζʲôƷֵĹŲɲǹӡ
ٻЦŲҪʴԼˣ˵Ϻֵò죬˴һܣϺĹæҲһ٣մ㹷ë˵ͨˡ
ٻϺУˣ͵ˣŹҧˣҺøģ˴һ٣ؿˣͺͷСӸȥ
Ŵаԡ˳Ѿһˬ˧װŸϴٶȿһһ¿ԿӺͷһݡ
Ҷɷ˸ۣû˵㵹УǰӼһ׼ôүǮֽŵ¶һεĵӹͷŴһɵĪһѻ
ŴааһЦôھ͹ȥ·ѴǹˣǰٴɭöúϢ˵겻ҶɴŰžֱ˳ȥ
أŹϣҶСüͷһģ˵ٻҲϴɣϴЩϢ
ٻתͷŴ磬һ˫ںڹŸӵɣɻѯʣҲеǣ촽΢΢⶯¾û˵
ҶѾµСʲôѡ˲κνͣе˵ֻһ˵ģԡ
ٻ̾˿ߣȡԼϥϣνԡҡ
ҶԡĥɰŴ˰ңͽȻмߣüٶĨ˱ѣ˯˹ȥʵ˯ʱС˵óһЩشĻ⡣
գŴʹɭţؿ⣬Ҷɷǰһڣ汻ŴٴˣɻҲöʣҸʵĻϸһʡ
м٣ʻ·ڣǰŵŴͻȻһָǰɭ㿪øǰıơ
ɭŻ˳٣ںŵҶƫͷѭŴָȥȻǰһĿıƣֻͦģϵıסһЦװ˾ѣ뱣гʱ٣һ¹ʣ˻˯ţĸסķӣĺӣгȫΪԼ
·ЩˮЧȥѪЧرıܸЩϲ쳵˾ǶͷһͰˮϰԲŵʱԼļˣЩű˯˾Ӧȷѡ
ŴǸ쭳֣Ҷɴһע⵽С鴤˼¡
Ĭ˰ΣŴ˵ɭע⳵٣绹ûȢš
ףɭӦһ¶һĨЦݣ⻰ܴŴٿ˵ֲ׵ġ
һСʱ󣬳ͣ˵ۺƵǰҶɵһ³ŸվתͷɨܣûзʲôˣƵȡţͽȻͣ˽Ų˫۽žƵš
ӾƵſ߳һһŮеĿ࣬ͷһͷͻŮĽοˣ㷢ɢԺһ˫Ŀˡ
Ҷɺļǵݼλʱ˴ԲʷͬʱȻľ裬˼⣬ŴѾߵԣһģ˵ģѾѸү̸Ժ󶼲˷ǣСûطɣ
ţҶĵӦһھųעӭһһŮϡ
һһŮҲϳҶɣڸĵڣŮƫͷȻһЦЦ紺ţСҶƮ鲻Խĵͷƺ̧ͷʱѾϵʿﳤȥ
ۺߺϣЦСӻǸӣϧѾˣ绰Ҳûţ´θ㼸УҲܳ
ҶɵľŴٿУΪֵܼƯö˴ģȻҪס٩䡣


134 ټ
ŴоһʱʫĴдŮʫʣòһѧõĻᵱȻҪúðա
Ҷüͷ˵ǰڱСݡ
Ŵ¶һĨ׽Цݣʵһͼס˼ˣ϶µİɣ
ҶûƷص˼ڴ浱Ȼµģζܲ
ŶŴ˸¶һĨȻı飬ٺЦ֪档
Ҷһ黺Ū˻˼ֶ̧˸ָγȥ
Ƶ귿ǰҶִӿڴǮڰš
ףǮأָͷѾ˴ףڿڴȦҲûǮҶĵһͻȻ뵽һ飬ղھƵſŮ˺һ¡
ٻһƵģͷһ󲻰ʵ磬Ǯ𣿡
ҶɿЦŵ˵ͷǵģǮ࣬ŷҲһˡиϰߣǮ֤пһװǮǶǮʧҲ벻ȥ֤ʲôġ
ٻοˣﻹһţǺһŹˡ˵ʱִӿڴȡһŷݸ磬ⶫ˵ûʲôôƽʱҲᵥ
Ҷɽӹţ˽ȥŷⲻ󣬴취һžͺãϡͿǮܸоҪ´Ǹһÿ
շžͱõ죬Ҷߵǰͷè飬ſվŴɭѾһڿ͵۹װϿһǷī⸱Ҳ֪׼ĳ
Ҷִ򿪷ţüһʵʲôRPGô
RPGǽɫݵӢдݶλڿ͡ʡ
Ŵ̧ʳָסīһƣЦμᰡýһ۰ףϲ
ҶﻹΪǮ¶ƣû˵ҿһĨڣ˿ΪɽҽԺʧְ˳
Ŵ̧ͱһȭЦСӹ񾭲Ƥ˶԰ɣ
ɽҽԺǻ֪ߵ񾭲ҽԺȥɽٲȻˡ񾭲Ĵʡ
Ҷ򣬿ЦҾͲȥˣһѹ̫˵СõڷҲĲ¡
Ŵժ۾Ц˵򵥣СһȥˣҲԶ¥ϡ
磬ȥɣڷϢٻʱ֮Ȥȱȱ
ŴҶɵĵǣüһ˼˼ƽϣɭ򣬵˵ɭʹһͷ
ɭֱͦһ˵ڣֻܷġ
Ҷŵ˵ͷǰϣŴǰչ۹ס򣬸ݿȥ
᳡ڵۺƵ궥㣬˳᳡տʼǰѾϯ˾ͽǰţ˽ŵͷһЦǴкԻһλ˶Ļˡ
ˣáŴͣ½Ų˾ͽɵЦģһֻвè
Ҷ⵽˾ͽԵŨüȻһšһĨ˲ţһ֪˾ͽĹϵ򵥡
ʱвèŴٽŵװմǿƵվԭأҲŲѶһ˫Ӹ״ƤҩƵȫ˾ͽϣʮ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷչһѹס˲קȥ
ҶӣСӷְҪλ뻻ŴһõĴ飬ȴֻǿĴӲϡ
Ҷ˫ֽסϹļ򣬿еȰ磬ﲻǱҪǸ˹ɫСҩƵıڽеӡ󱻽֣ʱ򿴼űߣһᶼûС
ŶŴüͷһ궯񱻶ͷһˮƵƽ̧ͷҶɣĬǸһĨЦͽȻϵһȭЦСӲų˹ɫСҩ裬ΪëҪűߣһʺô
ҶɿЦżһԹ˵ʲô˰ĵ¿ηΡ
Զ㣬ûŹ˵ֵܣŴŭһ䣬ִϵĵԣĲָͱͬС죬ÿһλμĿ϶һ̨ԡ
ҶƲƲ죬ŴԵλһɫƷĹԱߵԣֱӷǣٰһƿȪˮȥ
漴ǲرիĲƷԽ˽֮һսëϷ˫̨ʦһʹŽ¶һĨְҵЦݡ


135 ִ󾺼
սͱ¶˱һȨ׼⻹Ȧ˲׵Щ𱦵ʿһȣвѾץס˾ֱ
ʦսĳսָɣֻǺһԽһĨӦʣ־ٳϵЦȻȥеԽȥ⣬棬ǧƣ治ģս׼ǧ˰ÿμӼʮҾƾۣ
ͱսΪǧֱӼȥճɸ֣սȤǲСڡ
ǧŰ򣡡ǰһλɫװȲľƽмۣӼ۷Ȳ
ŴһмƲƲ죬˵Сģżһ򣬿֪Ǹ͵
ǧ򣡡룬̳˵ڶм۵λƣһ
ǧһ򡣡
ƴ˷һ˸߹һˣսļ۸ڽܿﵽǧ壬۸Ѿ׼ۺܶ࣬Ҳ
ǧ򣡡һ󣬵۸ȴ׸ǹоߣֳͻȻһֹ
ںŵŴУƽм۵ľȻǱϷղŽʱſãûע⵽Ҳڻ᳡ţʱӳ΢ЦƵζ
ŴƫͷһҶɣ˵Ҷӣ㿴ɵûУ
Ҷɵ˵ͷţɵһǷģ֪˻ǮŴֽźһʱ뵽ʹľǱϷ˵ǰֻᣬѾޡ
ŴٺһЦѹ˵Ҫ̧̧ܣƵƣ
Ҷü˼˼룬˵̧ܲãҪ;սܲ㡣
ŴһνЦЦʵҲûʲôǶǸ裬Ҳû˻ն
ҶǵľƣЦ˵һμʮ򣬼һνһɵƣһ˼Ρ
Ŵ¶һ˿죬ʵΪʲôֻܼΣ
ҶͻȻƴǧʮ򣬱ϷǸɵƣձϵĶ˿ֽˣŸһӣͺݺݵĳ顣
ϷϵЦȻһԲ˫ҶɣеӺǧ򣡡սмƻģⶨһ׼ۣھⶨλһռ䣬Ȼð̣ûʧȥǡ
ٰ췽̧ۣǮܰѰײţۣϼҲû˻˵ʲô
ҶһԵŴЦѵţӽа
Ŵ̧־ƣӰ㺰ǧʮ򣬱ϷǸɵơ
Ϸһݣҧ𾺼ƣǧ򡣡ɵơװеŭԺʣѸٱӿķŭɢ
ģɵƸӸˣŴüͷһş̌׼ƣָ̧һȴҶһס
磬ֵˣǿ˵ˣÿֻΣ²ĵ㶮ġ
ҶĿбӣ˵ʱѹñ̫˲ܰԼӽȥ
ŴӣӷŻϣ˵Уġ
ҶһЦ¶Űɭɭݣ𾺼ϲţ۽ǵϷžƣΪʱû
Ϸǧ߼ѾԶս׼ֳ̧ۣܵٴξʦ࣬еսʵͿ
ǧ򣬶ʮ˺ǧûλԸߵļ۸սأҪ֪ΪֹԽ˽Ψһõһѡ
ʦΪĳߵļǮŬһλ˵꣬û˾ƣֻܽĳ򣬶䴸
Խ˽֮һսʮ˺ǧ򣬻ûиߵģȻ˾Ӧʦ˵ǧһΡ
Ϸ¶һ˿ЦݣͷģһֻʤĹսڵļ۸ⶨĵ׼۲û̫롣
ǧڶΡʦ٣̨µĺӵи࿼ʱ䡣
ǧʮ򣬱ϷǸɵơһӸ߸߾𣬺۵Ҷ֮ڣѡͷƣΪľñϷζ
˾ʦͷһϲȴϲõı顣
ʮ˺ǧʮֳûλǮ
ǧ˰򣡡ϷڰͲסһ۸񣬴ʱ˿Ժֻһͷϧһдսʲô׼类Ժ
ǧ˰ʮǧ򰡣ɵơһԵһżӡֵľƸ߸׷ɣʮźš


136 ּ
ŴٺܴҲԸҶɶ˷ͷ뵽һ⣬ں۵ͬʱѾƸ߸½סףŵĶˣеһƴӹȻ۵˼¡
Ϸһ죬һǳϣò־𾺼ƴǧ򣡡ճ̸о˲ԣĿѾˣ߾پ㶴
ʦϲæʮ˺˰ǧʻûбȰǧߵģ˵ʱ⽫ͶҶɺŴ٣ڹ˺ߵļ۸
žŴеľϣЦɵƲŻǮ粻ˡ
ǧĳ˰ǧ߼ۣʵڿǣһɵҲΪ˭Ǿ͵ڰ̽ĳһĲΣû˭ⱳϡɵơ١
ʦ֪۸סǰ̨ϵغɫʮ˺м۰ǧ򣬰ǧһΡǧڶΡɽ
ˣһƵĴ·ûڱϷĿϣоһͣ߼սȳʵ޷ı䣬޵ľӵļһ
ʦƣƼָϷڵλãЦ˵ϲʮ˺ĵս̨
Ϸҧҧ¶һĨǿЦվ̨ȥ
ŴűϷӰ˵ҶӣҪа취ǰսͺˣɵˮһա
˵Ϸԩͷȥ߹׼ۼļǮսŶⲻһʱļ۸˵ԺƷõĹŽֵɱпܳԭۣһѶϽǮڴˮƯ
Ҷü˼Ƭ̣ͽȻ㾫⣬˵취ҲûУҪȻᣬҪһС˵ʱ䣬סľ辵
Ŵ¶һĨ˷ܵı飬ʵʲô취˵˵
ҶƫͷȥСֹ˼䣬Ŵ˫ͫȻһתͷŵɣѹ˵Ҷӣ¶ѶͦģҪҲҪձϵİǮˣ᲻·̯Ǯ壬ҲҪ
Ҷɳ̨ŬŬ죬˵һɵҲڲͬ
ŴѭָķȥϷһ֧Ʊڲһûһµţʦ˵ǰǧǮ壬ս͸үˡ
֪߼սѳʵһǮİϷһһӡ
ʦ¶һ˿Ϊѵı飬˵չ涨ƷҪܽǮӣҪҲǲУҪ췽ͬ⡣˵ʱĿͶ̨˾ͽڵλãսǲرիƷΪرիˣȻҪ
ϷҪľЧе֧ƱЦ˵ǧĶõô鷳ǮƱʲôĶʡˡ
ʦûд𸴣Ŀ⼯˾ͽϣŲرիһվ
˾ͽƫͷԵĻ˵˼䣬΢Цվ̨һץסսݵϷǰ󷽵˵٣սˣϣƴŽҲԵġ
Ϸֽӹս֧Ʊ˾ͽУЦ˵ܾǰҼͷӾսƷУڵóԸŻǮҲݸˡ
˾ͽ΢Ц˵۹ΪһҲ޷ʣµйԱϵǢٴθлԱ֧֡
Ϸ˵رիٰһҪֵ֧ġ˾ͽ̨ӣҲ嵭˲١
˾ͽ΢΢һЦʺãһл
˵ͲһƷˣϷЦս̨ǰ⳯λһָۣѹɻνʡ
ॣսһˮӿʣϷŻνٶȣҪڸǰ԰һأܻ˶ǮսջǱС
ŴƫͷҶɵ˸ɫѹ˵ҶӣСͷͷ
Ҷ𾺼ƣѳڣִžڵȻ׼ϷеսанܲܰѽϾ˵ˣһûеڶλᡣ
ǺॣսһԽʶĽƺӳϷϵЦݣһʵڸ˹ȥϵЦȻһֻ۾Ѹٵɴ󣬻ֻԲţ


137 
ճʵսһִĿ۶ϣϰؽأϷӷ·Ҳ֮ˤ䣬һء
սˣĪĶϳأϷŶ̽㶷ŴͻֵͣǧĹŽˣ
ֳжϷеĶϽעĿ񣬸һɷǾʣϧġд㵵ġвġҲֻġһͣ״̬ûȥһƷʲôҸֵ֪ǧսôϵģ
ŴҶ˸Ĵָ޵Ҷӣġ
ҶѾİѵպã˵ǻ߰ɣ˻ɡ
ŴҡͷЦˣ߾ͳ˴˵֡
Ҷתһ룬Ŵ˵ĺе뿪ܿ˵Ļɣʱֻ鷳õİ취Ǿ䡣
Ϸվԭش˰ΣͽȻƵľҲ˼£жϽܻĴ⽣ǶϵģҪ˻
䣬ֳ˶ͶȥһֿɵƵ񣬸ղ˦֧ƱĿҶڣǮ壬˻˵ţûС
˾ͽվƫͷѯʵԵĻˣڵ
˰ü΢šҡҡͷ˾ͽ˿첽̨һСȥһһͳֻ绰
ϷѾˣֳֶϽͣ˻ôҲû˴ԵļλҲȻλŴ󳪶Ϸ
ϷԼӹ⾰ڵһλǣһŨüװˣֱ嵽Ϸǰ˦־һƣתʮȣվȽŰ϶ָӡضϽҲַɳ
ΪʲôңϷίίŶˣۿˮλ׵ϼܲñϵҵȦͷƽΪŰ裬Ψ׵ǰƢһֻϵù
ϵڵۺƵͻò̸֪ͣ˹һӡĴϷ
ӹȥϵһŭҪ¡
𣡡ϷŵһУɻ治ϵΪʲô׾ôƳԼľװ׶ǧ
սŪϵģҪ˻
žһǡʵʵڱϷϣͷֱߣϵͷŪ۵ϵĶӻȥ
Ϸϳ壬Ťתͷ˼˵㲻Ūң
֪˭ﲻסЦŴЦᴫȾƵĴ˷᳡˼ϼĵͷ˶Ц
֪ϵû뵽ӻͻȻĳôһ䣬Ƥһһ󣬴һݺ¡
žһƳװѱϷˣ֪ϵѾѡԭȥȻףҧֱ̧һǵѪգϽͷԳſȥ
ϼҸ뿪УһλȵŮɶŽ̨̿ŸķС
ʦģ΢Ц˵һ顣˵ʱһָϵĻͭۻиǶһ¶һŸѴСӡ
ӸͷСҰ޹⣬էһۿȥĳʯͳ飬ŸоЩֵֹġ
ʦн̨˰Ȧٴ˵֮飬֮֮ʹɣаʹĿȥ衢ⶾȹЧŰȻеļƷഫ»ʵ۴һֿŮ䱦ٶ֣ճפ⻪ЧȻ棬׼ʮÿμӼ۲λƳۡ
ŶеиĵĹأϡഫִͷǲȷûκʷݣͦҰʷԶ϶ŰҰʷдڵĶȻҲ̫ߡ
һżֵʮ飬ʦ컨׹ҲؼǵȤʦɫһҰʷȻû˾ƣ䳡ˣ
μĶ̽ѣ˾еսڲμǰ˹Σ綨˳ֵĿּ꣬߰ǿǵķΧ֮ڡ
ҶԶԶŽеӣԺͽȻһͷԿͷȶſڵ˵磬Ű飡
δ䣬Ŵץ𾺼Ƹ߸߾𣬲˼ĺʮ򣡡


138 
һڼ۽г̧ۣʦһʼ룬ѹľ൱ˣҲָĳ߼ۡ
ʮźмʮûи߹ʮģʮһΡʮڶΡɽ
ˣɾ´ʦн΢Ц˵ʮź̨
ŴѸٴӿڴͳ֧Ʊд˺һҶ˵ϣֱӰСӿϵĶǺö
Ҷһе֧Ʊʮ˳ִץʮźž̨ȥ
ʦ΢ЦҶ̨ʵղ˸С˭ĲҪҪΪµǮ
Ҷֱ̨Ӱе֧Ʊʦ˵ʮ֧ƱղλɵһҲҪƱᵽϷڶӢĸЩѿڳĸţӲ˻ȥ
ʦһͣ˰ֵҲƷҪٰ췽ͬ
ڻĹȦԶȦ켣һЩͷǶ֪ͷƷḻϴ۷ǳ׼ȷ֣ϱͬʱҲǴ˴ķ֮һ
ɣϧˣǰһλͭǮһĨɣ¶һ˿޷εĺɫ
Ȧﶼ֪ųĸֵ֣׼۵ЩζиֵǱƷвҵ֣֮ǰ˹εĲǾû뵽ȻһʱҡͷУ̾ϢУĦȭƣڴһ档
ϣ׳һש񣬽ȻرĿԴɣ˵ͭǮԵһλˣĶϵĲ豭һڣһɵ΢̵ĴĴָϴһ۵ĺָǰŵĶݲںŵĿλʸ볡Ŀȥ
Ҷվ̨Ϻܲڣָ֧ƱҲҲãüͷͻȻʵ㶼ʲô
ʦ̨£һλһ˻ϴһĨְҵЦݣҲ˰үӡ
첽ִ̨ʦȡеҶɣ˵Ǯˡ˻
Ҷɰ֧Ʊݸȡ˽УƺȻڰһĨЦ˵үˬ죬Ķۺôˡһ۾ϳλүӾǸղ˾ͽߵλŴٻ˸λ˼
ܺãүޱĵ˵ͷת̨
ʦЦϲλĵͷãϵʽԺЩйԱϵǢл֧֡
Ҷûʱʲǫ̂ʣϽп첽̨ߵλʱȴͽȻͣ˽Ų̧ͷ컨㶳
ʯ컨ֻһֹѵİɫҶʶгһʰ쵵Ĺţ㾧Өͨ͸ĹϡɼһƽСڻ䶯
ˣôгӣҶͷһϼƤ˷ôҲû뵽ŰǸġȻһıǸӵ˵׼ͻṰƿ
Ŵվԭ̲סιСӿʲôأ
ҶɵͷڨڨһЦƵλ£еĽзϣ˵Ҳûʲô컨иŴ֩롣
ŴһɵƫͷҶɣ˼ְתϵĽУִ򿪺ȡϸ
Ӽɣְأ죡ϵʾͻȻҶԺ𣬼׼Ҳü˸£ͷĥʾĺ壬ȲǸʲô⣬Ǽ¶βҲһĶֵ
Ұ޹أҲûٷŴϸûƳŵϲ¶һĨʧı飬ôֵʮ
ҶӣⶫҲûɶرģϲͺáŴҡҡͷѰŻؽС
ҶְڽĦ˵ӼɣʵҲⶫʲôر𣬾һָо
ŴٺЦҲָоձϵĻȥҪùˣƱϼͷӻôƳ
Ҷüͷһšҧ˵ֻǮֽŵҲãϼͷӾ͸ðǽϡСҶ׼ǱϷǮ˿Ŵֽţ˵Ҳ˲١


139 
ϷؼҺ˲ǫ֪̈ϵʦǳҵԵһʼһ
žžʦƻ죬˲˵ע˹
һŮֶ˺ľ̨̿ľһ״̬ĺһ֪ŸС
ʦǰ˵Ļ˵ʱҿ¶һС߲ߣȴоŲ㣬ͨ󣬵ۼ
֬ɣɲһȫһλ½Ӹ֣֮ο͸ƽּ쾡£ֵʹﵽ˰λȻֻǸмֵйķǣĲָ
˵ʦϵЦ˲ȥ֮һׯأָǷĲھЌǽҳǽԲţ𻯺󹲵ðǧöʮöɣ鳾ʧ䣬ö֮һֵҲֵƷߵģҿһɲܸоȻһ񾭶ʱ
Ǻö۸ʵڣҲۣͷֻԶۿ˵ǴͭǮƳϣƾ˽⣬׼һߣȻҲƣ۱ǰҲֻԳһ֡
Ե˵Ц˵ϣϡóѾˣҵüͺãֺαȥ˭ң
ϵͷЦûܼѾһ£ⲻУɺް
̨ϵʦĴڱһľĵ׼ۣǧ򣬾ƼӼһ۸ҪӸѣοڻһޱȵķ
ֳ˰ңһ߿ıۺƾʯˮƼž
ǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
м˷˲ʱ䣬۸Ѿͻ˰ǧأ׼۵Ҳ̲סɤӡ
мȶȲܿͻһڴأ֮Ե׼۶ǧΪľҼҾۣɽļ۸һߡ
ŴͱͱԵҶɣ˵Ҷӣ۸Ҳмؼ۹£
Ҷɷ˸˵ҪУҲŲ͡ڷ۸ѾڣûҪŴٹ񫡣
û¶ֻܾӽУȹ񫡣ŴааһЦץ𾺼Ƹ߸߾𣬳ɤӴڣ
ԭļ۸͵һſھͰѼ۸һҲо۵˲ͣҲԼͬתͷλ۵ĸ
ŴעĿĸоŽеľڲһûһµţǵɪ˺޲һһۡ
ʵûŴٴ̧۷ļֵֻʱ⣬Ͳѹ̵㣬Щ
ʦ¶һĨϲɫ̧ǵĻͲ˵ʮźڣûи߹ڵģ
᳡һƬžʳ㹳ˮһðݵĶûУôƵĻɫҪۻĥĥ
ҶƫͷŴһۣ˵ڵģûôڵģʯͷҽ˰ɣ
ŴһЦ϶˳ۣǰЩһӻʼױĳڣ϶ֹڣһˣ
ϣɣҶɿЦҡҡͷģҲٶ˵ʲô
̨ϵʦ˳ۣͿɤӴ˵ʮźڣûи߹ڵģ˶ٿʼڵһΡڵڶΡ
һǧ򡣡һͳ˿ʼۣ۷ֱʮ
ǧ򡣡ŴʾľеӣڳһԸļƣӼ۵ķȵһҪС˺ܶࡣ
ǧ򡣡ͳٶҶƫͷѭķȥƵһλɫзˣֽžƣǷϴһ˿أ΢΢ǰ㣬ҲǸ׷
ҶͷҲص˵磬ҪˣҪҪٺһ
ͣ˼룬ҲûŴ̧ۣתͷһƲȻʧЦԭеעһŮظϣĲǱˣ˾ͽ硣
̨ϵʦȴ˼룬Ѿʼٴ
˾ͽ΢ЦߵŴԣĿԲʵҿô
ŴһվЦȻԡ
ڣҶһץϵӸ߸߾𣬴һ۸


140 Ϫʧ
ŴһתͷҶɣͻȻ̧Ĵָ޵Ҷӣġ
ҶɰеľƷ£ץϵĽŲ˸λӣѹ˵㿴ؼƻ˶ˣֵܵΪѰ㺰һɤӣ̧Լ㶨
Ŵ׺ݵĵʲôпؼСӹ̭Ҷ԰ɣʰ㡣ͷһת̻һЦ˵ã
˾ͽ£¶һĨΪѵı飬˵磬м㣬ǹϪġ
ŴüͷһšʵϪôˣѾע⵽ĪϪڻ᳡˾ͽһΪѵģһ˿ԤС
˾ͽϳҧҧ´˵Ϫûвμᣬҷֺ˾Ƶأһʰ뿪˾Ƶ꣬绰ҲӣҪҪ֪ͨĪүӡ˵һֹĪϪΪѡ
ҶϪӵ˽⣬أ硣Ŵ¶һĨ֮ɫͳֻʼš
Բĵ绰ʱ޷ͨԺٲĵӺϳŮӻͲдŴüšһġ֣̲ͨһ绰
꣬绰ͨͲдһϵĪ
ŴʵĪϣСϪûиϵ
绰ͷĪһ˵ǵϪѾͷǰҴ˵绰ƽ˵Ǳ߹ûǾƵͷЩûţôǲϪѾͷʲô⣿
үƵȻ˼ȣѾŴĻһЩ⣬Ҫ֤ʵ
Ŵҧҧ˵Ϫһ뿪˾Ƶ꣬Ҵ绰޷ͨ
磡绰ͷһ죬ǴˤĪϵĵͳŴУСƲϪܿܳˣڲҪţҲҪκİˣرǱߵˡ
Ŵһŵ绰̨ϵʦѾʼʮźڣʻûи߹ڵģڵһΡڵڶΡ
һǧ򣡡м۵ĻǸɫзˣԸ׷
Ŵû˼ע¶ȫעĪϵĵ绰үӶ϶ŮһˣǿסеĽŴȥ£ϻ⣬ϧһдҲҪĪϪһ
׻˭ѾȫŴȤʱĪϪİΣĪƲһжԤıԷĿʱʣֻҪԷͼĪϪʱȫģҪĪϽ顣
Ŵϵ绰˾ͽ˵ϴȥƵңҪϪ뿪ǰ¼񡣡
ҶѾ˵ĶԻе֪ĪϪͻȻ뿪ϢҲýŴһģƲ⣬鲢Ͽô򵥡
ãǸ˾ͽͷ뿪᳡˵ֱ¥˾Ƶҡ
ǼƵ갲ϵͳǳȫ棬мäԱ˾ͽ̵ĪϪ뿪ǰļ¼񣬸Ը
ŴҶɿ첽ߵʾԣϸ鿴һ¼񣬸˾ͽ˵һĪϪԼʰ뿪Ƶߣñ˼طΧ
鿴أŴתͷһĶ˾ͽ˵ԺĪ˻ϵѼ¼񿽱һݴȥɣ
˾ͽ˵ͷӦõģѾȥ;·εļ¼źܿͻϢϪģҲΡ
Ҷǰָһ̨ʾ˵ٿһղŵ¼񣬾ĪϪ߳ƵźһΡ
ݵԵĹԱתͷһ˾ͽ磬ͷſʼݵԵ¼
Ҷϰǰ㣬˫۽ʾϳֵĻ棬ͻȻָĻ˵㣬ͣܲܰѻŴ󣿡
ԾֲŴ󡣡ԱӦһָڼû£ҶָĻ˲Ŵ
ĻһֹĻ棬ĪϪѾ߳˾ƵţбĽֵͣһɫ񳵣ǰųһխ죬һ˫խ
ҶʳָŻ棬ʵ԰ѳٷŴһЩ𣿡
û⣬Ǿ̫ԶҪһЩԱӦһָṵ̂Ҷָλ𲽷Ŵ
ôҶɿ˳϶¶СŮĽë۾ǣ͵ǮľŮˡ
ʱŴҲϳ˳ϵŮˣһҶɼ˵СӶܵ̽ˡ


141 ͷ
Ӽ¼ϿĪϪȷǶ뿪˾Ƶ꣬ûвȣ뿪ʱϻЦݣɵ͵ҶǮŮĿǰҲû֤ݱϪʧκι
͵ǮŮŴҶ̵ļ¼񣬷ɫԭͣ˽Сʱ뿪ɴ˿ƶŮпھƵȴֵĿ꣬ǼƵסĶǮˣһƱܾãҲ⣬һûˮ
ҶֻĻ¼ĪϪƬŮСҲ㣬ЩƬó
¼ŴҶɼ߳ңѹ˵ҶӣĪϰиȥ飬ȻطСãȰ¾͹ȥǣ˵һͺá
Сĵ㣡ҶӦһĿŴٿ첽ȥ
˾ͽ߳Ҵţʵȥˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҫ죬ʲôҲûʣһطš
˾ͽ˵ϪвжΣһᶯһ
Ҷ̾˿˵ԸɣǼһ⣬ϣһȥȻطˡ
˾ͽ¶һĨεЦݣ˵һƻᣬϣʹμӣصھƵʮ˲㣬ˣ˴Сһ𡣡
Ҷüͷ˵˵ɣҪȴ˵תݷȥͽȻо˾ͽЦЩᣬʱӦЦôá
Ҷûлط䣬ֱӳ˵ݵһ¥Ҫȥǰ˵ڿʲôѴæһĪϪ䣬ܲҵܱʲôǿ
˾Ƶһ·󣬺ܿǰҶͣ½Ųһ۵ڣ̧˽ȥ
ԵŽѾӣߺǳ⣬ҶȻͷʽҷ֧Էֱû
Ҷǰų̀硭պ̲ס̧ס˱ӣѾɢһɴ̱ǵζҪǰ˫ĽѾ϶Ⱥͷֹ
ʲôûڳ𣿡ͣ¿ٽŵתͷŭݣ̨ǰվҶɺæ߹к
ԭҶС磬ʲôˣϵŭ˲תЦݣǰλҶСľˣòѾ˳
ҶǰֻմǺĴ֣Цҡҡͷ־ˣҽæ
ٺٸЦһظ˵ʲôֻ˵ֻҪܰ쵽һ
ҶɴӿڴͳֻҳĪϪƬ쵽ǰһ˵ĪϪǸһμģһ뿪˾Ƶ꣬ҵʲô飬㶯ùϵҵ
һĿ˿ֻϵƬ˵Ư椶ڰƬֻϣϽȥ椶ңӦúܿϢ˵пÿڴͳֻſڱһ롣
ţҶɵͷӦһֻϵƬת˹ȥ
յƬתһͼƬϢżָϢɢ˳ȥ
Ϣʱ¶ЧʣֻɢƬǸ˵ĺð취ǰҪǿ͹ϵΪС
ֻ죬Ҷͷһϲ쳤Ӵ۳СĻ˹ȥ
ָֻһϢ˳ϢֻһͬĴʶߣʶʵӳֱִӵۣһ᲻ߣȤŮ˲ǡ绨Ǵ衣
ˣֲǽۣߣҲ̫ˣҧһָĻϷɿ컮ȺϢ䣬СӰ˵¶˸װװֽϡ
Ҷɵһμʶֶص˷ʽЩеġЧҪĹϵĳ̶ˣϣյرЧ
ֻһѸٷյϢҶɴչȥһۣʮ¶ţҲмţ֤ڿӵзǳǿ
ҵˣӿһǳɫһյ񳵣С˳ƣҰõϢת㣬ֵ׷񳵡
ɸѡһõĶȫתҶֻѸٱ༭һɢȥıĿ꣬˱ҳֻҪ׷鵽񳵵͵ҵƯ椶
Ҷֻһ£ĵȴȴһ


142 
СʱȥĶд󼸰ϢûõģʮתҶֻϣȫǹ񳵵ϢϢ˵񳵳ʻ˱
һϢɫͽȻֻ쵽Ҷɸǰ˵ڿȷһԤıİܣӴ˳ųӡ׷ٹȥ񳵱˱ǵ
ǵʲôطҶɿ˿ֻϵϢֻƬһƬϿĳӡӳһȥڶƬ±ߵسһбڣһ֪Ǵλ¡
üƬ̣˵ǵһǵˮܼӶȥû취̣һ;ˣһְܵ¶˲룬ؼ֪ԷҪʲô
Ҷ˵ڿûˣֻæҳﶥٴ졣
һͷ˵ģֻҪڿҾа취ҳȰ֪˵˵
ûҶɵֻͽȻͨ绰Ͳдһϵ
ҶɣĪϪѾͷʧٵѾ֪˰ɣ
绰ĪϴģϵһεĽ
Ҷɵ˵Ѿ֪ˣ˵ߵѰæˣҲ̫ˡ֪ôοˣɴԼ齲˳
Īϳ˼룬˵ˣϪѾͷǱ˰ˣ˸ղѾȡϵҪһĶģûоȨ
ҶͷһѾµ˰Ҫʲô飬ĪϪΪżֵǵı飬˿˵Īϣ黻ŮֻȥҪǰ˰ȫȻ
лͷӱֻ֤ҪϹͷڣһͬȼֵĲΪ绰ͷĪϳŵ˵ĳŵȴԵЩ㣬ֵǣҪȼ۲ס
Ҷ˵Ҳʲôھûɶ˵ģŰͺá
Ī϶˼ŵ˵ãѾ˴⣬СʱӦþ͵ˣСò֣ҲΣ֮С
Ҷ˵УϢϣܵһʱ֪ͨǡ
ãϢһ֪ͨˣһҪһҪĵ绰Ī˵һҴҽ֪ͨǱѾҳһ̫࣬Ҫ˴
Ҷɰֻڴ˵֪ʲôֻʣֻҪ֪һش𡣡
˵ͷȰѵŹˣ̸˵첽ӹ̨ߵſڣѾբźһϡ
һСʱȥբٴҶɴ˳һʵķ͸װżٿŸ⻹еһ΢ͨѶԱʱ֮衣
ֵʮڣҶɿȴǸֵɽԴͱ϶Ѿ˲˰죬ĪϪܾǻʻӣӵһֵǵıȴûбֻδ֪ķգСҶӶѾծ񣬼ûҲÿϧʱзھΡ
ûмֵǵ飬һҲһֽҶ¶´ҴҶУ֪Ѿ˵ۺƵ棬ͣ½ŲƵһۣ˫ͫȻһһƯŮˣΪŮ˲ǰ͵Ǯ
׻˵죬ŮĵӰܲ㣬Ҳһ˷ָĳ̶ȣƵŲʮ׵ˮ໤ϣһѹӲţһ˫ˮţƺѰֵĿꡣ
ҶǿסͷŭŮɨһ飬ûǸͷ󺺣ҧҧȻŮȥ
Ůûע⵽пȻһеŹӣֻµȥ
ҶѾŮֻҪһץס򣬵СҶԥ˰ڴĳһι
Ůתͷһۣüͷʵ𣿡Сģ޹ȫҶɵ·˼ס
ҶͷĪһţʲôŭ񱻶ͷͰˮƵ˲Ϩ׻˵³˫׽ߣƾ޾ݵģܲ޶˶˼ҽɣ
ǮңСҶһǵͨ죬ڹ˵һ仰˵һڣҪǮô
Ůһ˫ˮĴ۾һҶɣСһ˵ûհɣʲôʱǮˣ
ҶһͣʵϵŮ᲻ˣû뵽ôף̾˿˵ˣǮҲҪˣ͵˵ĶֶãȫҵԼͶ׬Ǯİá


143 Ů
粻ھԵĺˣҲûĻˣûƶֻһ䣬ҶɴӲ˵Լʲôˣ֪Լǻˣֵĸо͵ǮŮôȻɵȰ˼䡣
Ůһ˫ˮĴҶɣǽһĨζЦݣ˵ʵǮˣǮʵ̫٣ǮֲʲôƣҾ˳ְͰ
Ҷɱһ£ͷȻһŭ͵ǮǮ٣ⲻǸлӷһ𣿸ղ˵˼Ҷ˶Է硣
ŮЦЦҶɣ˸տǹӳԶƤͰȥһϷʵ˵ǮǱߵͰȥҵ
ҶˣǮŮͰҲľҵ뿪üһ˼Ժէ֣ߵŮԣһƨڻϡ
Ůƺû뵽¶ϵı΢΢һ㵣ʵʲô
ҶɵһЦʵطֲҵģϢʲôֵôСֵģ֪ŮѰֵĿ꣬ţŮû취֡
ϲֻڣŮüһ»һȥҶҲ˻첽ȥһ˱ŤС£һһ첽׷·ƵƵעĿ
Ůټ죬Ȼ뿪Ƶ̫Զ߼ҪתͷƵ귽һۣƺȴĿ֡
ҶһŮﰵ⣬ŮͱٰκˣʶȤԹ뿪
ŮȻͣתҶһսŲס嵽ǰǰҪܽӴ鼱֮æȥƣһֻİİƵǰһ˲ܵһɻصǿɲͣ˽Ų
Ҷûüϸ룬ŮϷһĨ˵ĺϼüһ߳뵰
뵰ҶһͣĳƴƵһŮƳϺ˹
žҶĵһƵһ̧סŮ⣬˵˾ˣôˣ
ŮҧһȻû֣䣬ͻȻһǿҵУֻһת۹ֱѾľʣ֪ײסѨͷпࡣ
ҶʱڻعղְסĵİŮأԭĽСŮһԹģ˵Ĵè䣬׻˵شԣѵΪ
Ůҧһ߳żⷢ׼һǶӾţż̧һϵıٿȻһ䣬ʧ㵹Ҷɻ˫˳Ʊס֫ģһŤعںõС¡
ŮľٶҶ˸ͷˮһľżƵĽֲֻ֪ںδ
תͷֻҪúϣղŵˡŮͷ˵ʱСÿ죬˵¶ˣȴ͸һɡҲ㡱ζ
ҶȻƫͷƵһۣһñ˴ſ˳˵رף׵úˢһӷֻۣΣдһ˿ɣΣһڻһڷɻͷȲգ˵ҲǸİð顣
ǸɫƤ첽ߵֵԣ̧סñ˼֣ʻһյʿ֡
ʿͣ£ţͽȻŤͷɨһĿҶӹƺ΢ͣһɲϳ뿪
žžҶͻȻоǰһ޷ܵ˺ƶߵֽ㵹˳ȥпŮ˫ƽЦأͻȻһź󱳴һʹ
˻Ҷһǿס󱳵ʹŮѾӰڲԶˮ̯һǮ
ҵǮҶһ۾ϳԼǮæǰǮһۣǮһֲ٣ƺһ㶫һ˿ζ
ŮˣǮҶﲻһƣǮѾˣŮô
Ƶ귿ǰɭһվڵķԣҶɶɭ˵ͷ˴кŲ߽䡣
ٻĿڴͷϥƽһϾװ飬Уϸ֮²֪оҲȻ
֣Ե޻ӣν֮Ե֮û֣֮ׯڣʩů׳ɳó죬νԿ֡
ٻеĿ֮裬һȴʹ࣬Ѱ֮ԴľģҶģŮˤûʹġ


144 ɶ
ҶûǰСо߹ȥȡһ¿㣬ųԡȥ
磬ָ˴ˣ
ٻͻȻߵԡſڵҶɽһתͷڨЦ˵ûܣղˤһӡ
ٻüͷ˵ôˣ·ҲСĵ㣬ϴɣеˡ絽ʲôûԣˡ
ҶһЦӣܿġ˵һܽԡңѾ쵽ʱ䣬ҪСȥӡ
ӺҶɹȻϴ裬Сýſڵɭһ뿪˾Ƶꡣ
ҶûѡھƵڳԷƵķ˷ټǮ󣬳ŲʵڣھƵ긽һҾʵݵСݳ̹ǰŮƷڵǻмҳŷòƲùȥ
һҴ˹ݣյǰŵһ±еŨζζ·פ㣬Ҳųζ¿ͲϿϲͷҲ֮С
ҶžͿһſɭһξֱ߹ȥλ£׿ڴĵ绰ˣͳһŴĵ绰
Ҷ˳ְѲ˵ݸߵٻͨ绰绰ͷŴͳҶӣ
ҶɴƵԽֵĴ˹ݣӶ˳Ե㶫Ǹյ
Ŵ˵ڶöܳ°ͷţǶ㼸ˣϹ䣬̹Ҷϵ绰
Ҷɶٻƫƫͷ˵Ǵ磬˵Ϲϲʲôֻܵ㣬±ϵÿ졣
ٻֽԱһ±Ѽƺһ峴ģѲ׵ݸҶɣ˵磬㼸
Ҷɽӹ׷Ʋȫһ飬ŴˣҪ㡣
ҷϲ˵ٶȿһɫԱȥҾͿʼ½ϲˣʮвȫ룬Ͳ
˸룬Ŵ˽ֱߵ£ֽ̧зԱȡһơƣԹһƿӾ͹ࡣ
Ҷע⵽Ŵͷ󺹣ơʱ˳һʣŴΪĪϪ߾ȫ
һƿơ¶ǣŴѿվƿϣģĹһȺģǲ㶫ģӺ޲һͨث
ŴĪϵķԸȥйֵ·μ¼û뵽˼ѹͲֻ֮Զڱľ˾˰æתת˼ϵſ˼¼һѻ
ҶһƿơݵŴǰ˵ĪҴ绰ˣϪǲҪ֣үӻ취˵ʱýżŴٽףӼһ±ˮѼٻС
Ŵƿֹ˼ڣһƵҡͷ˵ˣҳԷ
ٻѾ˵̸вԣͣ¿һʵ磬ʲô¶ôϪ㵽ôˣ
Ҷ֪Сã̾˿˵ٻ֪пźֵǮĴĪϣлץϪ㣬ҪĪǿȥô
ٻɫ䣬еĿžһϣϳһҧ´˵ҲȲϪ㣬²ÿǣȻǾӰ˻
Ҷɽü΢һɫ˵ˣҲĪ˵ģϪֻϣЩõӻþˡ
Ŵ˵Ҷӣ충ûƱǻرһҪ죬ϪһģҪһȥ
һۣܿĬҶһҡͷ˵Ҳ͸˵һһľҪһȥ
Ŵ¶һĨЦݣ˵ãǾһϪӲˣԷ
ȷʢɫζѡĪϪܵӰ쵽˴ҶθڣĲ˶ֻǳֹ׷ǳ˼룬ǿ˸뱥
صƵ귿ѲڣҶǰŸս̽ӵ˾ͽĵ绰ٴμӾƻᣬҲ˸ͷȵĽԾܾһϲαĳϣĪϪ˾ͽٶΣ˴򽻵
磬˵ܻϪ𣿡ٻŴ½ǣϴһ˿εĵǡ
Ҷָ˸Сͷ˵İɣĪϻ취ģүӻ˵ҵȼ۲Ҿܾˡ
ٻԥ˼룬ʵ磬û˭Ϫ㣿
Ҷɵͷ˵Ȼϴͱϴիȡ˱ƺţ֪治٣ҹưϪ˺пܲμӹͱᡣ
ٻһĨ⣬ʵûлλ


145 
ٻɵ˾ͽ磬ֻϤĪϪ٣ǰμӹͱᣬϤеļֵΪ˽⣬Ҳûе
Ҷüһ˼⣬ҡͷʵڵ֪Ϫ㱻ܺҲɹһ־ò̫ܣΪ̫ױ˻ˡ
˾ͽȷ˻ɵĶ߱ĪϪȻЩǰڱϵĶȫΣΪˡ
ٻ˵ûԽǱ治ʵԽпҶΪܵ鷴п֣ܳΪҲȥ
ҶüͷšϵıһأС˵ĻûеһжֻǴ⣬ҪĪĪϪȫϢʲôҲˡ
ٻģɵ̾˿˵磬Ҳ̫ˣϪûµģǵһȥ
Ҷ¶һǿЦݣͷţǾµ죬ˣϴһŰ飬׼ȥϹ䣬˳Ҽ鱦ߣкô
ٻÿͻʹѰҶ°ΪܰСüʹ࣬ЧλҪһʱŻ֪
ʲôܸҿôٻڴı飬һ˿С
ҶִӿڴС͵СУ˵ģͨ˵аʹĹЧӾţϣЩôܶѸһ취κõȣվ
ٻѽڻ˵лл磬Ҿھͦõġ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ģͨҪЧȥϴ˵ת߽ԡңûиСðļֵֻҪЧͺá
գϸ꣬Ҷɺ𴲴СóţӦ˴СĴ䣬˳ӣܷ
Ҷɳǰ绰ɭһг㣬Ե죬ܽʡʱ·
˾ƵţɭѾ·ͣȺҶɰСñϳɭη복ᡣ
Ҷʵɭ磬绹ûô
ɭЦ˵˾ͽȥμӾƻᣬȵκı˻һֻҪ˯Ż񡣡
Ҷҡҡͷ϶ǷŲϪ飬һֻھƿϣˣпҪӣֹ֪õĵô
ɭü˼˼룬ʵҼǵü鱦ε궼ҵ񣬲֪Ҫʲôʵصӣ
Ҷ˵Ҳ̫ģҪǽʵãȥ׵С
ɭЦǾͺˣ֪·һεĵֹ̣൱ҪӰɣܽʵã۸Ҳˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷãŪӣȥɣ
ɭƫƫͷϳǹȥ˵Ǽҵ̾˾ͽҲرի档
ҶЦЦͷ˳ڣɭתϳֱ·
ļÿСжһ·ΪʲôҪ֪ҲΪ˽˳ڶѣ˳˾·
·иѿŵĹ԰̻üã˳裬ʮǹ԰ٵʱ䣬ɢˣϰˣҰսҹҲȥϴϴ˯ˡ
һλͷװڹ԰ϸʯ̳ɵС·ϣԸһɫɽװˣǴӱĪԵǸıڰ
ĪһķлǰУ˫ʺѪ˿ĪϪָˣԼ˽ʮ԰ԼʱѾˣЩһȴû¶ļƲסŽе˫ֿʼ΢΢
žĪϽżһ͹ʯǰһ򣬺Եİۼֿ죬һסߣ˵үӣҪҷϢһ¡
ĪһɬҡҡͷˣЩҪʯ·һһߵϢհǣֻ
ҧ˵ͷ˵ҷû˵ʲô˻ǰС
ʱĪֻһŮΣĳûбֻϣЩܾͷŮֵǣŮ޼֮
ǰʮף¿ڴڴһöֻæͳֻĪϣѽн˹
Ī̧ͷһ΢ƽҵ񣬽ͨ绰ŵߣͲдһɳƵүӺãϲõ˴򽻵
Īϵ˵ѾˣϣҲţ˵ɣô


146 Ħ黳
׻˵ңŮصĪңͬʱҲȼеŭĪнʱյĵλⳡϵĳ⻹ŲΪ֪Ѿ˲òʱ
һаĹϼӣܰĪϪ˭λϡ˵ŭ𣬵ǰǱ뱣֤ĪϪİȫ
ɳƵ𣺡үӣ⽲ǳţŮóԺ˯ģֻҪ̷ˣûɣ
Īüͷ˵Ȼڿ˵ţǾӦһֽһֽˣƾʲôյˣ
绰ͷͣٴ𣺡үӣоǵͷѪòСһЩѡ񣬵һҪѶң̷ˣڶŶ뿪ƯŮʮֵ⣬õʱ֪ͨոʬ鲻ͷţǸˣѡһɣҿûʲôġ
Īһ˿ŭת˲ֳĬ˰̾˿˵ҴӦ㣬ڶ֮ǰҸϪ˵仰
ͲдһĹЦЦȻһͣһʵŮүүںܺãҪ塣
Īϻһ˵Ѿͷĵȵȣүүһȥ
žžžͲͽȻһɳƵ𣺡ø˵飬ҪŮȥ԰ڵĶֳͯʹˣ͸ʮӣסʮҲٸϵܰɣ
䣬绰̹Ҷϡ
Īһ죬ȥ԰ڵĶֳֻͯʮӡ
һݣǰĪϸǰ˵ұ
Īҧҧ˫һסͷſϣѾһٽ㣬ΪڰָʱڵĿĵҲֻӡ
ĪϰȾܣٶȳ԰ȥүĸߴзܵ԰ſѾ۵ýҲ
Īһİ򣬳˵Լߡ
ӣ˴ӱϻֳǰ治ԶԼʱӦûʣ࣬˵Ҳʵڱˡ
ĪҲ˲λĹıڣŸؾͿ첽ֳȥ
ֳϥվԭغ˼ڴ̧ĨһѶͷĺˮĪϸ˹ȥ
˽ֳ󲻾ãҶСôӽֶ滺˹˵ЦٻϹһӣʱʱưһؿڣһĨЦݡ
ɭĸղڶԽֵεһŻɵ˸ʱٻֳĿʱ⣬棬ȻҲҪ
ҶСֳ߽ţΪСĹϵ壬ټ¶ֳֻϡϡɢɢοͣٻȴ²ĿųڵһУôĴ档
磬ȥĦǱߣǰڵﾭһܿԶԶĵطٻָŲԶĦ˷ܵĴУһֳںܾǰӵһĦ黳
ҶСߵĦָǰ̧ͷһ۸ʵĸ˵ҪǲʪӸһĦ֣˵ˣ˶Ͽɲ׼ޱӡ
ٻתͷŴ磬Ŵ˵ͷֻҪҾͲ£ζĦ֡
Ҷ΢΢һЦСƱڣͳһŰԪƱݽС˵ĦֵƱ
Ʊһ˫ް߰׵ˣûֽӳƱЦ˵ĦҪĸ˲ſһΣǲˣƱҲˡ
ҶЦЦӿڴͳһųƱݽڣʵĸˣԿĦ˰ɣ
˽ӹƱЦ˵û⣬Եȡ
ҶСߵĦֽڴתͷɭ֣ɭ磬Ҳһ
УҲһءɭҲЦӦһ˹˴ƱСгкĦֽᣬϵðȫբ
աĦֻתתҶɸ·ֳеľﾡ۵ףͷϸ꣬治ܵر⡣
ٻŴĬĬǰûиУҲûٸ߹۾ϽһĨ˵ĺΣʲôĦֵ黳˵Ħ¿ʱԿԼҸĦʱԼˣ²벻ŵԣͻһֱأֱԶ
쵽ˣͿ쵽ˣҪҪأٻؿںƴһֻСãȻ޷
ףǲĪүôҶϵıͻȻһ䣬˫۽ֳһΧǽĽ䡣


147 ¶
Ҷֱ̧˼Ǹ䣬ȻĪϣԻվһɫɽװˣģǱһ
ĪŸķУŵ绰ڽʲôϧʵ̫Զʮ̨綼ֻƬ
Ҷﰵ˼⣬ѵĪϺͰϪԼôôɰɣ
˼䣬ͻȻһʪУŶߴһ죬۽ǵһƳԭСһڡ
ٻ͵ǳɹ̵ͷȥ°ͼѾ˹ҵؿڣϼѪСèߺ߰˵磬Զٻһô
Ҷüͷ˵⻹ô統Ȼһ𣬱֣㿴Ǳ˭˵ʱָ˸СͷָĪڵķһ㡣
ٻѭָķȥܿϳĪϣϵ΢΢һ䣬ʵǸĪүӣôҲֳ
Ҷ˵ҲµûүӦǵ˵ģǾĦϿͺãȥҡ
磬㿴ǱߣиСɻٻһͺָĪΧǽ
ҶɿΧǽϷһңֱɵĪͷȦǰ
Īԥ˰𣬶еĽзŽɻ·ҵһСתֱȽȽգƹΧǽȥˡ
ĪϪ൱ƻȻ뵽ңֱȡķӣĪϺͰ߱ΧǽֱɹΧǽͿӰĦϵӸ£ңֱķй켣۵ס
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ҶתС÷Σ˵ʱҲɵ£Ϊ̫ϳȥһ˺ܿ˵Ⱦܣһʧֳſڡ
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ٻ˵ͷղĦѾһܾǰ¶ʱۣǸһĨЦݣһֻ͵ʼСꡣ
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źͱ˲ȥյڲӰǽϵѷһŴĳЦ߽˲һĪΣУ·ǽڻʱ
ҶվſĿϸɨһ鷿䣬ûзʲôõɭ˵ûĪϪŶˡ
ףʲôҶ˫ͫȻһ첽ߵǰָӴһСƬɫָԿԸоһ˿δ˵
˻ԵһƬϸС𣬵Ҷɲᣬǰ۵СϳԹƬһѲ˸ϵ
Ϸԭֻëڱ󵷹Ҷҧһ䣬ͳǮСİ˽ȥתѸ뿪¥
һλӵҵ竴پȻðŷȥƱĹмֱһ˼顣ĪϪܺҶɻɹ˾ͽ磬ûɹϷϸһ룬ǰիٰͱʱձϵҲڱɴƶ߸ʲôɺϣһ׮мƻı
ɭĳֳͣԽֵĳλҶϳƫͷһСãʵղûпĪүӴֳ
ٻҡҡͷûУղŴ˵绰ǰ¾ؾƵꡣ
Ҷɭ˵ɣôȼˡ
ʱ˿̣ĪֻΧǽԽŲӣ߳ȥԶת߻һֻҡͷ̾һ˷˲֪ٻأֱͦļҲԽԽ
֪һӣĪǰ˵үӣЪᣬҪ
Īһʹİ˰֣ɳƵ˵ˣٵȵȡ
ĬˣʱѾȥã˵ǰİӦѾӵαٵȥϣֻãΨһֻиһȴ


148 ǻ
ɭصۺƵſڣȴŴŸվڴſڵţͣǰ򿪳ϥϣ˵ͷȥϽ˾ͽҡ
ҶüͷʵΪʲôȥ˾ͽң
Ŵ¶һǿЦݣ˵˾ͽգǹȥܲܲӰɣ
Ҷ̾˿˵˹գδ֪ҸղſĪˡûѲǰֳżĪϵϸһ飬аңֱǶΡ
ŴͻȻ̧ͷͷϺץ˼ѣһƵ˵ϪүӰ˲Ҳ֣ûоҲʹϣֻе˵
ŴٸҶĪﶼˣҲΪû뵽ųҲ޿ɺǡ
Ҷɵ˵ңֱɽȥķҵһرĶơ˵ͳǮ򿪵ݵŴϣָ˵в㡣
Ŵһ۾ͿǸɫһʵëɶرģŪס
Ҷɵ˵ǵǴձϵĸ۶Ƴұȣʱ˿ϾմһƬë
Ŵ˫üһšʵ˼ңֱȡձϵģ
Ҷһĵ˵ͷ㲻ҲѲ˸ϵ
Ŵϵ鴤˼£ͽȻһɭ˵ȥϽҲµûĻһʱһر͡
յɭӦһ̵ͷϽʻȥ·Ŵһ֣ͷֻһķţʱļ䣬Ȥʱ䡣
˾ͽǿԺյĴ壬μ˾ͽ׸ϥ¶һŮ˾ͽĲƹܵۺƵ꣬ɫ˵ڽύѺ˲ŷҲһףƨһľ߹ϵĴºţСϳеĲ죬ԡ
˾ͽĲӪҴҹܻᣬӣϹ쵹һѺ֣ﻨǮˮҹܻǿܻ֧ƽ⣬ȴ˼֣椴˾ͽĲȲһֺͷҲһйϵĴºţ̫ꡣ
˾ͽ׸ΨһŮ˾ͽ谮СΪ飬λ粻ͬСԼ洫Ĺֳ˳ѰȰ˳̳ҵĿǰΪֹ൱
˾ͽҴСվƻᣬĶڸ˴ɲرիǣͷȻһСȻԲɹ˾ͽ˲ٲμĲǲμӣ˾ͽҴڱַǷ
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ʱ˿̣˾ͽе꾡ɢĿñĮﲻ߽԰ӰǹһĨ̵Ļȡ
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˾ͽ׸˫΢УǵЦƺЩӲ˵ʱȷǵͷ߻ǹҶŮĿ˶Ҫۡ
ۣ˾ͽְ̧ѿձڵϣ۵һˤһƬ˵ҲмۣԸҪǵĴۣܾûô򵥡
˾ͽ׸ü΢Ц˵ʵҲûôӣ鵽µ˻ô
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˾ͽ׸üͷһšŮ£˵գȥк˰ɣ
˾ͽָ̧һҷ¥ȥƺһ̾
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149 ҹ֮
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Ҷ¶һĨɫü˼Ƭ˵еѣ㻻һֻš
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һϸŵӶϴƹȻһһҫ۵ĹƵ۵©˴ת¥Ϸѩ˾ͽ绺¥ݡ
˺ĿѣͶ·ɢ޷̬ܵ˵Ŀⶼ᲻ıʱ˿̣еĽ㣬վƻҫǡ


150 ˿
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ԭŵձ˿õȻ޴档


151 
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ٻŴıӰü¶һĨŨŨɫղ˵̸һЩҲµһЩȻû飬ⲻΪ絣ǡ
Ŵ˵õģҶӾȥңܻ飬ӦòΣա
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Ҷƫͷһͼ꣬סȻʧЦ˭طŪ˸޵ζᣡ˵̧ͳн̶Ĺȥ
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ŮСƶ£ѹ˵֪ڸˣһ㼼ûУûȤһΣ
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ҶָסһСϷڵİĦȥ


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˾ͽĲתִӳرһһСд򿪣һں
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лˣҶɶ˾ͽĲ¶һǿ΢ЦŰĦʦȥ
Զ˾ͽĲתͷ˫΢Ű˵ʵҺܺΪʲôˮأ


153 走԰ֱ
ҶڰĦʦĴ˾ͽĲרøңڷ¹һ۵һԼ׸ߵȫ
ĲүĦ裬·ȫµģһ׺Ĵϣмӵֻȥ
ĦʦС˵ʱϴһ˿Ľı飬ĦʦѾˣ֪˾ͽĲиãϲͰĦʱһüˣÿζﵽ⻻һɵߴﶼǸߵһ˫ӱһĹʻҪߡ
ҶɶƷʲôȫûиҪľǻһˬ¿㣬ֻȰĦʦת̴¹һԲTϼпˣﵽ⻻һ׽ӣ򿪴˸˳۵ֻװϿڴվͦ˧
ҶɰʪøϴװãŴ߳˸ңˮرʱ˾ͽĲͰ˶Ѿ뿪ˣǰæһ
ҺñϷǻڡҶɵһ䣬תͷϷڵķһۣϵıٿȻһ䣬ĦϿտҲϷλڲ֪ȥ
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Цǰչ۰ѿƽԵ쵽Ǽ⡣
Ҷɵͷһ¶һĨϲɫǰҺϳһһС̬档
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ҶóͻȻҺ˻ȥ˵¥϶˸ȲС䡣˵סҶɸ첲˺һС°鳯¥ݿȥ
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Ϸ˼̣ͻȻ˦ְͷڵ̧Ͳȣͷתۼ䱻ĽŵװȳҲ֪ʲô̼Ǹղһذ˹ﲻˬͷ
ҶһмƲƲ죬ߴһ߳走ͻȻƿڴһе
Ҷ͵̧ͷŲӴ˵走ҪϰֱƣΪˣҪڵ¡Īһ䣬ͷһˬâĶ˻ȥ


154 Ѫħ
ҧҲøҶ磬ָʾϷһ㣬ָƲס΢΢
Ҷɵͷһʾ治֪ʱתһƹİĴ󷿼ڣ컨һһλŮ˫ֱסսżأʹķŤĽиСͻ𣬿ɲôͽͣһϸҺܴŮϴ£ɫѪҺ˳ϸĹʡ
ҺһͷŮϾһ򱻴һžɵľʾƱڣϥһϯϣ˫۾ȴ԰ڷ۵ľʾƱ
԰ڷʽդصĲǷޣһˣȫŮˣǱ˫ֻվýϣǿ־
һ۵ĿľתҺһͷ뱭ڣŶʢѪľյǼһͷһ껹δ죬·Ʒζ
Ҷһһٺݺһ䣬߬˫ȭҲֻӷֲѪ˿ؿڷ·һȼգһվ첽ſڳȥ
ƺû뵽ͻȻæһס½ǣʵʲô
Ҷڸ糴죬˫㺧˵ĺ⣬ϵҳ鴤£˵ˣҿĪϪ
ղпһϤӰȻҵĳס˰Ҷһ۾ϳǱ˰ܵĪϪǸѪޣĪϪ߶һӾͻһΣգһҪ˾ȳ
ҡͷ鲻ܽģçײǵȲ˶һԼȥҸ㿴
Ҷûķʵǲܽѵܽô
ָܽأ˵ע⣬ĿѾȷϣ׼ʵʩץꡭ˵ʱͳһƤСڰϣҶ˸ɫ
ҶǰСһ֤ӡһ渡СƣϷĸС֣ܣ·ĸӡƬ;ΣŮǸУ
죬һ˵ҵ֤Ӧ֪ǰʱڱ˿ʧٰɣ
֪ʧֵٰͦġҶɵͷӦһ£֤Żϣȷ֤٣ֻܾ͡
ָʾϵ˵ݵϰ壬˿ʧٰǳֱʣǴӱһֱ׷ٵ˿⣬Ϊ˾Ҫù鰸
ҶüͷʵȻ֪˿ʧٰģΪʲôھƵûжץأӡץﷸĳһȺȥְţסְ˽Ͼ£÷ʲôʱص㡣
ҡͷպܽƻƵڹڳϣһʵʩץпܻشûȷа֮ǰǲóȻ֣һԭ֮ǰǲȷպλͬһˡ
Ҷ̾˿˵֪֪治֪ģû뵽ϰǸѪûв鵽Щʧٵȥ
һҡҡͷʱֻ֪ץһжˮʯʧߵֹۡ
Ҷüͷ΢ʵʲôвֹۣܰѻ˵ô
ҧҧ˵ʧϣλղͨˣץһѶȣǻᾡȫʰȫ
Ҷü˼Ƭ̣ʵץҲȥɣ
һ˿⣬ǵģԱλһȥЭץһˡ
շµİԶֹһ׮Ϊ׺ݽƻ׷˴ǮϧһдҲҪù鰸ץж縺翹
Ҷһ˵һȥģҾ͸ԶԶĿţǰĪϪȳҺôһ뿪
ü˼룬°һ˵ҿԴӦ㣬Ȱѳ˵ǰͷ㲻ץֳʳΣպԸ
Ҷɲ˼Ĵģġ˵ʱɨʾϵС棬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ϷѾ˳׼뿪ͳֻͨŴ绰
Եȼ룬绰ﴫŴ͵͵С绰ˣô
Ҷɵ˵ϷѾͣ׼뿪ҰСȥϽɭչţЩҪ죬˾ȥ
Ŵ˵ˣСôͣҾڿſڣҲûȥ
Ҷɱһ£һʱ侹֪ôˣԵľһָָ˸׶Ŀ͡
Ҷᣬڷܵţû׼ӵģϲߺɶģҲˣҪ


155 
֪ϷǷߺŵϰߣŴˣʾҪϰ߳׾ŴҪʲôͲö֪ˡ
չҶϵ绰ϵʾվһ˵סղ˵Ļɣ˵̧ſȥҶְ˰䣬Ҳ첽˹ȥ
Աĵ൱Ϥ·ɣҶɿ첽Сܲǿϣס̵·ҧƨƵģҲ¸߸Ьƫ˽š
һƬ̻ͣ˽ŲеʾݸҶɣ̧һָб˵վͲǰǶңǵѾѱΧԶԶžˣжҰ˴㡣
ҶѭָķȥǶĿʮ׿⣬èʮźɫսӰѾƣſվһս׳ͷڵƹӳ͹¥Ҳżˣȫֻһ̽ļơ
¸߸ЬһԣԾ˱ǰͷ׳˼䣬ͷֳ̧ڵıһӣǹӰè˽ȥ
ҶԶԶͷаһݸ˿첽߽˱ţֻ¼ǹ⡣
ҶѾڵְĿתеʾеղûзΣٽжһѪƷ⣬ס˫ֵŮɫҰףѾȫֹͣնͫ׽ɢ
һںȾеѪڰյŮҺһͷ˿һѪ£ŮѪɣһûǡ
ڵȱ˶Ѫ̫ˡշҺüһ䣬ִƾŮʬڱĵϡ
նľⲽУĿŮһɨģѡ׵Ҫ˳۵µʾҶ·ͻȻ˫סĻϵĻ档
һͣ˽ŲȤƫͷеŮλŮɫȻ챻סһ˫ȻŲɡ
ôȥȹ갡Ҷ˫۽ĻҧţǸѪļһĪϪֳŨȤԸĪϪȥѪ
һֶľһֻţָŵ˲ͻȻһݣμתƤ
¡һ촫ҴűһɾײųǹˣδǿĿ꣬һŰȻת˲ÿһ䡣
뵲ɢҶѾڵߺü죬ﵹصʾϵĻһʧ
˭İͷŪˣҶյһ̧ţֻ˿ƺ̴ŴƮ̴ֻŴӿſڵĺ̾ǹ׼
жһȴڴ̾ˣаǱͷ˼˵ڵء
Ҷһݣʾȷܷó̤ʵ
ಣӰһǰһڴܳպ͹ͷ׳սδأһԵĺѾ۶˰ǹڻӵɻȰա
ɲǼ䣬һΣбܸߣܹһ꣬ʹúһ㶣̧ǹ˰ġ
һĹ¼䣬żѸߣ˫˦׳ںС
ͷ׳һͷʳʨ嵽ӭСֻȴİҺɨҪС䡣
ƴ˲һͷ׳ͷȻһѾˡ
أСƼըһɫ˲ѹͷ׳ûˣǹ׼ĺҲͻȻʧȥĿꡣ
ͷҲ񱼣ۿҪǰֻ̻Ҫ̻ͿԽľڻʹǹеܷӳӦе
Ϲӣûôס̹סĹͷ׳һǰһѳʱѾ嵽̻ԵֻҪټӰѾܳɹ׷
ಡЮƿ켲ţͷһƫǰĽŲΪ֮һ٣ͷ׳˵ǰչ۳ȭ͵ԡ
ñ죬ͻȻڹͷһ˲´ߣ⿪ʯһȭ˹ȥ
ͷ׳ȭס˳ǰĹǰߣȻվ˸硣
հһᣬͽȻת̧ƺйȥֱɲǣһȻ֣̻һһ׽ĽǶĨͷ׳ָһѵһѱȴҪС


156 ôڹ
˵ʱʱͷ׳ַ̧סҪƾֱĨŷָףȫ̶ֳȵĹ
ͣлֱһ죬ͷ׳ƺһȭ͵ţղһȻףоһ˿ʹ
շӦ죬ȶȭͷ棬תСһͷ׳ýֱЧķӣûʱ־
ͷ׳Ҳѧ˹ԣȵ̳ȭͷһ̣ȭһţԿ
ԭûϵͷ׳ƤҩƵţͷһһţͽȻͷ׳һС
һ㺮âƷɳҷգ⻪ҫĿ䵽׳üģɵͬʱɿ̻սֻ󾡿
ಡͻȻһƬƿ֮Юͷĳּİ
ãһӲɲͣ˽Ųϰ˸ţձܹİӡаԶǹָ¡
աǹէӵѪιȻ¡
ǹѸٳǰΧ£ֳһͷеű嵽ǰͷ׳վһڵصգһﲻ֪˶ǹµѪСǻˡ
ͷ׳վһԵĺ˴˸ƣ̹򵥴һյ˿ڣһĽü׵̧ܰȥ
üѹԹͷ׳˵ӣһжǵĶԱжʮһˣҸǷ˽ⶾ裬ȶȻӦÿ쵽ˡ
ͷ׳˵ǻ̫ˣյ˽ⲻϸЩ˴ȥҪúܽһ½ѵ
üҧ˵ӣ˾ͽҵô
ͷ׳˰˵˾ͽҵ˽Ϳˣղ˵һоʣһʣ°˸Ŷԣôжֻ߸
˵һпʣ̶κá
ͷ׳ͻȻָӵһСվ¶һĨЦ⣬˵λѳɣ˳ץסͲС
飿΢΢һ㶣ܿ˶Է˼תͷ̻Ҷɣɣ
Ҷյ̻һͩ˳ղԶԶҪҲϸ룬˦־ŸкȥԭΪͷ׳סգû뵽˼Щߣһٶһ˫֣ڶ̶ʮŸ飬Ƥϲűͣ
ŵͷҶɣ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ӣһǸվѲõߣԿǰ˵Ժó
ͷ׳ҡҡͷ߶ô󣬲ȥҿ԰Ƽɳүӣɳүӿϻܼսӡ
ɹߺɣսӳԱǹߣսӳԱߣ֧սӺʱֱ˴ˣԱ滹һҶͷʱչֳĿֱ鵽ܾһ࣬Ҳѹֹͷ׳ա
Ҷɿ첽ߵǰеʾ˹ȥһŵʵĪϪû°ɣ
΢Ц˵İɣû£Ҹһ£λζӳǼġ
ȰĴƣЦ˵ղŶлֵסգǷ顣
Ҷæգ˵лʵҲûʲô
Ÿ˵úܺãһߣŸֻܸղһǰ㵱˹ʹĸֲŻԥղŵʵΣա
Ҷ˵ͷѵս˵ȥĪϪɣؾƵꡣϲ˵Ͷ
ӦһҶɳȥ
ǰԲѵŮ˺ͺ˱̧ǰĿյϣĪϪ̨ϣ˫۴ҹգϡҹˮȴþòƽЩľһجΣֱԺһƬҡ
Ϫ㣬Ҵؼң
һԸϤڶĪϪջ̧ȥҶվԼǰ˶յˮ̲ס
Ҷ˵Ϫ㣬Īүˣ뿪ٸ绰
ĪϪѾͻȻ˽ҶɻھҸźúõĿһ
ڻҶ˫־֪ʮּƽԭأһ滹һüŪ۵ģעĪϪһѡ


157 
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Ҷɲ֪˸ڹĪϪģ˵߰ɣ˳Īϴ绰
ĪϪ֪ռԼͷȴûаֵ˼ղһĵģڡĸоһֻԼһѡ
ʲôҶͻȻһŶ¶һĨŭɫĪϪƨһѣⲻǹѿô
ĪϪҶɻתͷ΢Ц˵ˣղץģСҶԸߣ߰ɣҾͲˡ
ҶҲø£һĪϪСֳǰȥߵ̻ԵҶɿи⣬߹ȥһСֱܱϵһͷɷϲһۣСװǰȥ
Ͻ˾ͽ´巵ֻһ·ҹ·ϵĳ˲࣬ϷڳڣһСУֻѺиǴһ϶һĨӷ϶͸˫۲Խ
öǼֵʮڵı˵ģļֵܷϼʮ࣬˾ͽĲǸɵϣ
Ϸ૵ȻʰЦ΢е˫Ứ
顪βͻȻһ죬ų£Ϸ͵ǰһ㣬ЩеĽ˦˳ȥ
үײǡıһֱܿһȻڸǡ
ϷæѽдڴѸŤͷȥֻһɫԽҰ׷βײϷһݣ㣬˦
䣬ԽҰٳͷݺײڽγβϣֱӰѽγײǰһСһϨ˻
죬³ϷһȣƿŹ˳ȥŸǰԾ·ߵĻأһ죬תͷȥֻѾԽҰײ·ԣѣȫ˳ڡ
Ϸҧɨһͣ·ԵԽҰתͷȾܣܳȥͻȻһ죬飡ֻͷһľʹĽŲ֮һ١
M40A1ѻǹЧ̰˰ףݵ巢ֻѾܣȿ컹ӵ졣
һԽҰƮųһ򿪣һͷ׵ˣ϶һ鲼ĳűϷ
Ϸһ磬ģһǿҵĴʹ
ˣ룬Թ󵨵ǰߣĪͷ
Ϸ˿ĭʹǰȥǹż˹Թް취
Ǹ£Ϸߵǰͣ˽Ų֪»ƹ
žͻȻһϷ屻Ƶǰ͵һ㣬˸ܽӴʵʵһ
ޣϷͷ˼ڣҧгݵ˵㵽ô뿪˾ͽҾϽٵģú׶뵽ΣԷΪ˶ᱦڶǾ͹ֲֺˡ
Ϊ˽ʡʱͲùĨˣӦ֪Ҫʲôɣ
˵ͳ𣬱һ󺮷紵ϷУǿŵһ˿Ѫ
ϷһЦ֪ʹϣø㡣˵ʱ̽ڴͳһٵͷ˼ԣöԷá
ͷкûлɣǰһץУֻƲɱĴһ
ͷƺһоƱشһǰĴʹʹ֮¸ϽһʹϵĽдڴٳƿһۣƱð˼Сһˮݡ
ʱϷͽȻת˫к˸ɸһ󳴶Ƶž죬˫ָͻ磬ٲȻֻצһ죬ֻ˫չȶӵ˼Ķħ
ģŪʲôˣ͸ͷ˫ͫһҧһ䣬Ѹǹ׼Ϸ۶ҶܿϳŴûбˡ
Ŵ۶˲䣬Ϸͷĳһȣǿ쭷ɾѻǹܱȵһƫ磡ŵӵ
Ϸצǰ̽סņ̀һƣգŴԲסɾѻǹַɳžһʮ׿⡣
ϷͷһЦЦҹ̶ЦȻһ̧ͣצŴգ˵Ҹˣ


158 һϻ
飿Ŵͷûʣ֪Ϸ˰ģٶȾһս
˼Ƭȸë浱Լʹˣʲô߸ֶֻʹŴЦִӺϰγ֧̣˫ָһ֧Ŷ֣ɢһݱ뺷֮
Ϸк˵Һ㵽˭
ʵڸ֮Ĳֹٶȣ˼άҲ࣬ѾӶԷһ˿ߡ
ŴҲ𻰣ǰһ壬о̺ſ¶ݵĶ߷ɱϷ̫ɱ־ްԥ
ϷһĨЦ⣬ֻһ˲䵲ǰֻ죬̺ݺڳϣŴֻ̺һʵ𽺣ȥͣͲҲٴֺ
Ŵͷһ𣬾ҪˣϴֻͻȻſһֻŵצЮţ̻֮Ӷ̸񵲣ֻһ죬ͷѾצƣ¶˱Ŀ
Ϸ˫΢У¶һ˿㵵ı飬ֱܿϲͷһƵĹЦԭ㰡ܺãǳã·㲻ߣŴ
˭µ˵һŴһͺȣǰһо̺ҽǰбűϷʺʹ̹ȥһпƽ棬ʵżĺ֣ǰ֪жѪӶھ֮¡
ϷǸһ˿Ĳм鶯ޱȵ˫˲䵲ǰ̶ֳȵĹͨ˻ԵֵȴѺЦ
̴֧ͿͰ»Ŵ˳һоֱȡϷ¸жˮһǳɣ졢׼ݣζȫ֮νûаͰַӦѾ˰ġ
ۣڹ⣬ݺϷ¸Ŵ⣬˫ҪѾøһЩöء
شıϷûаʹ֮ɫͷһҧŴ˵ֶΣϧûáδ䣬һŴؿڣߵƺһɳȥײ£һٻ
Ŵϥأ˫űϷ֧̣˵һѪֹ˿ڴһѪ㶼ûУһʲôķӷ
ְɣ㶼ҪˣҾΪһĺġϷ˫΢Уצǯסһ֧̳ڵϣȻ«ǯڶ֧
Ŵû˵ҧűϷһצ½¶һƬϸܺʵëصһŴսϸףЩֵëס˾̣ձϵ˺
ձϵģĪϪŴٵϥأƽǰȭڵϣ۽ǵɨһ࣬Ϸǿȫ߸֪һս֮ͣһ̾Է
ϷЦ˵ҲνĪС椶˾ͽĲˣ椶Ǹԭװϧ˾ͽĲСӡ
ë㲻ãһŭȴϷؾţŭ˶Ĥ顣
Ϸ̧ͷȥֻϷһƥ⣬·һӿٲͷй䣬ٲˮȴ̺һȻɱ˫ἱȳˡ
й·𱻸ߴȻһϷţ̲죬ɲǼϷɴ
䣡ϷԺһͷһͨһ죬һν뿴˺ĵ桭
ȵѪͷʬӿһʺȪʬ͵ڵأϷԴڼ⣬ն˫أԲĵţѾ͸ˡ
֮ıϷӵ˳޷ԭΪʤȯյ벻һԼԴңνּʵôпᡣ
ɱϷİ׹ͻȻֹŴһλͷŷٵİˣһĳһѪڽʵء
飬߰ɣ
˱Ŵòͷ˿ϲжϳͲᣬ˵ʮ㣬˿̬
ŴϵıٿȻһ䣬ҧҧ˵лǰ֣һѵĶҲܾһɡ
ҽĪ죬Īĳ뿪ʬԻ˹
˵ķһ䣬гһ˲ʧǸղۿһն׵ֶΣֻ»һλħʦ
ŴͷһȻӿڴͳֵˣָ쵽һ룬ǰӰһѾӰһ㵵ͷƣȴĿһ


159 ս
ǿиǿ֣һɽһɽߣŴıϷӵǿ˵սĪ콣ȫǸƨȻү˵˻ƺҲֵòڿʬĻơ
ѽѽֽдŴ˼̧ͷѭȥֻϷͷʬðһɺɫһֻͨСɳʬϷ£վؿϲԸȥֻһֻצվŲƫ
Ŵ˹£צĳֲûη壬ͷһҵ𣬷ִӺͳһ֧ǹ׼۶˰
ۡӵ˲צҲŴԼǹʮ㣬ǹѾĿ꣬˵ֻƴ񣬾һͷ׳ʵţҲſˡ
Уر࣬զøˣŴ죬ǰϸ۲һ¹ڱΡ
צƺʵ壬ϡЩ͸̬˸צеĲһȱٲȻǸ
飬ѵǸڱϷϵ壿ŴŹһ䣬²Խǰ˼
ƺЩή٣ӣֻСŴѽѽֽȴԵ
ŴߵͷʬԣڴֻһֻͷһۣҶɷĶš
ѽѽצͻȻŴŴĵһתǹȥžǹĵ˿մ֮һС
ˣŴһʹǹץؿڣɹѾؿʧҴҽҿؿڵһۣؿڵƤ񱻻̹ƵĺһƬð˼ƶСݡ
ùû᲻ɱϷŴǹպãת첽뿪ֳ˵Ҳ棬ؿûиоңĻ˷ڴ
ҶĪϪͣ˳ҵɭĳӣϳŷСѾں˯ˣϳҶɷԸɭ̿뿪˾ͽңͳֻĪϵ绰ɶԷڹػ״̬֮±༭һŷŴ٣˵һ
ĪϪҶ½󣬵˵ҲصۺƵ꣬ﲻȫ
Ҷһ˼ͷ˵ҲԣƵ˾ͽҿģҸ£ǻһҾƵ꣬һ˶ϻر
ĪϪҧҧ˵֪ô˰ܵô
ҶҡͷϸҲ֪һ˾ͽҵйء
ĪϪ̾˿˵ð˾ͽҴ˸绰˵ǼѾȥȪƵ꣬Ҳ˾ͽҵĲҵȵۺƵҪúܶ࣬ԭǲȥģֲܾ̾һ⣬ǴԼõĵطӦ֪ˡ
Ҷɳ˵ǱϷ˾ͽĲӵһܵӦеĳͷ
ĪϪһҧ´˵ҿ˾ͽĲѾץĵүүձϵϡ
Ҷɵ˵үû£ҸϵձϵҲܲúкģҸطʲô룬úϢ
ĪϪ˵ͷ˵лл㣡Ҷɳмһ˿棬λͨܵһȺȫװֱӪԼ򵥡
ɭعͷ˵Ҷ٣صۺƵҵ֪һ䲻дǵطסܲ㣬ȫû⡣
Ҷɵʵ˵ʲôдȥҪã
ɭǧдﱻսѳаˣȥСʱҾ͵볤;վܽ
Ҷ˵ܺãǽȥдסһޣ鷳дľλ÷磬ǻϡ
ɭͷû⣬ǧдõĶǲ۸ԭľˣڵطС˵ͳֻ༭һŷŴ٣ӿ쳵ٳǰʻȥ
ǧдһŶСԺڣԺߺǽС¥ɭѳͣԺʱ˯ٻѾˣһ˫۾ĪϪ¶һĨڵϲã˵Ϫ㣬
ĪϪЦЦ磬ѰҴӻоȻġ˵ʱڡѡϼ
ٻ֪ĪϪ˵ָ˭ƫͷĿԵĴ磬ʵ磬ʲôʱôѣʶô
ҶڨЦ˵ڱѣлܸʶطˣ³˵ִ򿪳ȥӺȡ˻С÷Ρ
ɭ߽Ժӣӭһ̾װıδ󺺣ߵɭǰվסֻţ룬ͻȻײȭͷ˹


160 һְҵ
װ󺺵ȭͷֿͣɭվԭزܣҲȭͷͱ˹ȥأ˸һȭżͻȻЦ
ɭ˼ϵĹû°װ󺺳ǰɭһܱүǾ˵ıһ
ʮ룬ɭһƿװ󺺣һ첲õ˵СӶôԣС첲Сȵܲڡ
װ󺺹Ц˱ԣսһϡأ
Ĵһ𿸹ǹڵһλͬȴʤֵܣѪȴ빲ָսѣû˲ˮȥ顣
ɭָŶĴ˵ǽһ£СӽⲨǰһ̷սѣøɶƵģڡ
Ⲩɭ˵˵˭أ̭սѵ𣿷һƿ
ɭϵЦȻһһ˵һƿû⣬Ȱ⼸λѰ䣬Ҫվڷ
Ⲩվڷüͷ΢΢һšƫͷһˣ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫ˵վڷû⣬վڵֻˣ԰һķ䡣
ɭüͷ˵˹ˣ㰲һ£䵥˷һ˫˷һλ·ϣҲ쵽ˡ
Ⲩ¶һ˿ЦݣʱҲˣ͸λŷ䡣
ĪϪҶ䣬˵ĻС˯һ䣬Ҳи
Ҷһ˼˵û⣬˰ɣҸҹ֪ĪϪ¿϶ûԹһٺ÷ôöˡ
ĪϪһмĵ˵ͷллҶЦЦθⲨС¥ǰȥͷһ˵վڷʶ֪ʲôر
ⲨܿҰź˷䣬ҶҲ֪վڷɣڵĴõͨϽϣȫĴֵָƸӵÿſھ̾װ˶ʮСʱվڣǶֲ۵ľˣԺսͨԱܱȵģҲǧдһɫ
վڷļ۸ͨͷ˰ȫ⻹סһʹԱرζдŵڣסվڷĿ˼ҹջҲδʧκβҲΪɫǧдһֱ
ٻĪϪסһ䣬Ҷסڸڵĵ䣬˶Ůɭ¥ҹ˳һŴ٣ǵûѶ̲סΪġ
˸յ¥£ͿⲨżϴ˹Իһͷˣϰһ׾ơ
ɭѵһأ۸һҪȸʹ졣ⲨЦߵǰ̧еϴ˻ΣһŨӴƮ̲ס
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Ⲩǰֱסӣ˵С£ϲȥ±ȥλСֵܸһԵ㣬ʮ￾ӣһֻҰã˵㣬ƹܹ
ɭЦ㵹ǿҲҪ˼ҶԸԸġ˵ʱҶɣʵҶܴӦ˵սһȾƵĻܿɹ
ҶʼЦҲûɶоУƱ˵㣬ܹٵһ䡣
ⲨǸˬӣҶɵĻ¶һ˿ã˵ţƤǴģ𳵲Ƶģʮȴζͷһƿȥͷ溺ӣƿȥǴүǣƿȥſǾӢۣ˺ƿɭǸ¨ӣȹƿſҪܺٽǾ仰͹ܹ
ҶЦ仰ͺãͳ˺ȸʹ졣ԼľģʮƿƿĶͷڻ¡
Ⲩ˸ĴָЦˬ죬Ӷˣš˵깴ɭ󲽳ȥҶҲ˺ȾƵ£ԺӶϽǣùֵļڣ°һŷȾƳ⻹һӹȷһܡ
Ҷɶطʮ⣬ܿдţŴٽԵһʱ俴
ⲨϴȡҰðϣƿƣһԵϲӴ˸ƣȥŪ±¥ϵվڷĿȥǵöӵ±ӡ
ϲͷЦʵ±ʵģģ÷֣
ҶЦʵİɣҪټ
ϲЦӦû⣬Ĵ±治ǴţƤǰСϱϹѸϲͷҵĵһְҵȥڰ̯ˡ
ҶЦʵĵһְҵʲôǰ;ӡ
ϲͷ˵һְҵǷţܷͷţ


161 Ǯ
ҶɱˣЦ˵ǰҲŹţһ˵ţǰ;ְҵɶ
ϲӺٺЦҽϲǸÿ컶ϲϲϲȡĶǸԢ⣬ʵǳͦġ
ҶЦˣôǼ˿ĵ¶
СϹ˵ӾһӻͲﻨӲ٣ȥ棬˻ųҹ
ⲨͻȻһϲƨϣ˸վȽŸⲨ˸ž񣬴˵ǣӼ쵼š
˵겻ȵڶߵϲһСܲӰ
Ⲩ죬ץƿ˾˾˵Сӻ£Ⱦơ˵ƿһӹ˺˼ڡ
ҶҲǸþƵģѧƿڴ˼ڣһƿȥ˴أŲƿЦ˵ҵǾϲͦȤģǰϼҲŹţûѷţɹְҵ
Ⲩ˵СĻ˵ҲЦǰڴһϱף˼ҹ̫ˣǸɵɶֻһ䣬ҳ£˹СҩƵ˹ȥ˹칷Ƶ׷ᣬСӵҲ飬Ħгѣ˵˵Ҳϻȥˡ
ۣɭѸսһҾֱ˳ȥҪⲨÿһ
׳·ϲ̫вˣҶЦöӳǾϲǸֵһѡ
ĴȤһƿͷܿףⲨƿһƿҶǰЦ˵ܺȵģرǱܺȵģźȾƣⲻϧõͷϵζá
СҶЦӦһСȡһͷСϣСǲǰ̻Լģû뵽ܿó
ⲨС˵࣬Ц˵õϺЩ˵ʱ쵶ڴõ㰵һͣһһΪѹоڿеͲӹҲء
ⲻǺõֱǱͲӹǸͷѶ翪ôһСһͶϣˡ
ⲨеСﲻޣĵܶ࣬ûܻͲӹǵı
ҶЦ⵶ҸղżģǱͨһЩҲû˵ô
Ⲩ¶һĨƵı飬˵ģҲ̫ˣҪҵˣҳʮ飬ʮ򡣡
ɭ˸˵Ķʮ㵱ҶȱǮô㲻ӶҶûšŴǰλҶҲҹڵ˵Ƕʮ򣬾ټҲδ˼ͷá
Ҷ΢ЦҡҡͷǼģûȥ˼
ⲨСŻϣ̾˿˵ڲ˸ϰߣϲղظֺõʲôղ˲٣ȴûκһܻͲӹǵģҲµòСǼͷĹŶǸͷ
ҶɵЦһָڵḧ˵ռʱ;ǰɺõôһ˵ȥһҪҸƣǸùеĻ˵м©ˡ
Ⲩƿ˵ֹ©Ǽ˸©ƵϵͷϾԲִתġ
Ҷָͣڵϣ˫۷ϵ⣬Ͳӹпڴƽ⻬ẹ̈ʵעʳϣʱԺгһ棬СһȦĽΧƣ˸䲻ͣתǶȣֵϸûͷ˸ë
֮ɽ֮ǣǵǵΥʾҶ¶һ˿ǳǳЦݣСʱûгֻʾΪõͷָһвŻòͬ
ץסͷԺеĻ滯ɢȥҶСһ⣬ѵһԣץһڣŨڣζȷ
ɭͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ⣬ôûտСӣ
տһӵսѣѧңҴһͨȭϬޱȣʹ򲻴ɭҲǶ֣ǰ缸ϵ൱һֱⲨ̲סҪһʡ
Ⲩץƿͺ˼ڣţзѪ˿Ĭ˼ذѾƿϣ˵Сûǰ;ȥ뿪ˣڸ˾ͽĲ죬űͷΣﲻ֪˶ټùĹ
һֵܣǷִŵȴ񳯻ΪǮʹµצⶫĳЩһǮֵԶĽǮʵڡ


162 
ɭüͷšץƿӹ˼ڣ˵ÿ˶Լ·ڲѧһɱ˵ıƨûУõһԼϲ¶ʵҸСҲֻ࣬ϸϰ壬ӲʲôĻ˵Ĺ
ⲨһʵɭôһϰһЩùô죿
ɭЦҾǧдվڣվ㼸꣬ʱվֱ˾ͻɽͷȥ
ⲨЦˣѾƿ쵽ɭߣ˵˺ǲͬģ²ΥģС²ͬΪǮԲֶΣ˵ˣǺȾơ
ɭסƿںڣ˺ȴŵ߾ͿУ·ѾѲ׵Ժ
缸Ⱦأ˵Ҳ̫˼ˣоƺҲ绰
һЦԺ⴫ŴһȺˣԼôʮһ°ѲСԺҶע⵽Ⱥ˺ϹĹҵģǴżһ
Ϊͷһ׳ˣԼôʮͷģƤǿ׳׳ڻ⿪Ŧۣ¶һӴֵĴӣһʺࡣ
Ⲩ¶һĨŭݣվ˳ץƿ˽ȥտģﲻӭ㣬ĻӸӹȥ
˾Ǹղ̸۵տ£˾ͽĲΪ˺Ⱦƣ˾ͽҶүָɸϹƺεܵһʺôΪǮսѷϧ
磡ƿտ½¿˻ƬɢɽһŨҵľζڿɢڸס˹𻨵ζ
տⲨ˵ϴ𼤶ҽŅ̀ܵģֻҪһλ̸飬ϴĽϲҪ¡˵ʱĿһԵҶɺɭԴһ˿ζ
ߣⲨһ˵տģûѣСȱ±Ϊû֪ҷȰһ䣬ڿҪⱨӦġ
տŨüһ˵ⲨıҪҪӲŲϡƵطʶװϹӣȰ˵Ľϸô
ɭžƿŶտ£սѾͬİ·ΪצǳĪҴСģĥƤȻþƿס죬ѹ˵Ҷ٣һᱨ
ҶҧҧȻֻ˸绰ܿ췢ֻûźţ޷ֻͨܶɭҡҡͷ
ɭһݣһվ˵С£˯̵ĺֵܣ촰˵Ҫʲôֻ֪ûźһտµһǰҪĪϪز˱
տƤЦⲻЦ˵ɭ磬ֵûǰ֣ҽ¥ϵĪСļ䣬ߣҲֵɣ
ɭűİսѣ˵Ҳͬأ׼ϲȹȥô֪һսƲ⣬ӼӻԼΪ
ҶϵСƤϣĵƤѾˣɲóаö⣬ٶȳ嵽С¥ſڣӲӲһҲȺһ¥
տºٺЦƿȭһѹָǷž죬ƫͷʹ˸ɫһƽͷǰһȭףȭ׺ƤƳɣ˫ָλøһ׶νȭͷʮѪ
ɭתͷѹ˵Ҷ٣ץ¥ϳ壬˭˭Ҫ죡⣬ɤŴ󣬽¥ϵֵܶס¥ݿڣҶٱȺСӴȥ
Ҷèץһʵľ߽ŵʰȳ¥ݿȥһһ߰еĵյû磬·Ҳͷһ£תۼյ˺üǰʮ׾ҪС¥
ⲨҲŴɤŶС¥ˣ¥ϵֵˣס¥ݿڡ
տɫ䣬Ⲩ껰д¥ԭƻ£
ɭһѵӣӭտ³˹ȥⲨҲָץһƿͳȥλѾܹˣֱ͵һͿ
տ´Ļ֮ǰǽ׵ĽǶϴһ̳ĳ̼һС¥мȵҶɸǰ׻˵ͻܲסȺǣռ˾ơ
ҶŵӺݺһ·Ӽϣֻžһ죬ķѣֻʣһľץУĻʹһڵϣѪϲҵ˰ֻ䡣


163 ԡѪ
ۣҶɸо󱳴һʹҧľתɨȥһֳָֹܵĻֽһ˵ڵأиӽųǰ˫ȭѵ֣ȥ岻¥ݿھ͵£ͷһԺһͷˣٷӵ²͵ڶ˼ֻôơ
뵽Ҷеľҷһ嵽ǰĻӣӵץֹܣ˫ָһɨȥȶջհȦ˷ٶȲ󲽳¥ݿȥ
Ҷеĸֹܿ쵽һŵĳ̶ȣ۾׽ֹ˶Ĺ켣·Ȧ⻪ҡҷǰĻеļһһͷʹе£ʱһոǺƳ룬ոƬƬ͵
Ƕǵǳⳤͬǳ˴˭ҲٿҶɣмĸԶӶеļһкոǰϽ˿ñĸƤ
Ҷɻֹܳ¥ţѾһֻе˶״̬ǵѪϣܣһתֻʮӣͷڵϹ
žણҶ˫ָһĸֹܴڼͷŶϡϡĻӣȺһϺţûһǰ壬һ򵱹Īĺ
ԶտºɭȭüңⲨ˵òᣬͷѪһͷֹܸǿ׳ĻƴѾض๥٣ֻʱ⡣
Ҷһֵ߸Ŀ칥ʱסǰĻӣпԣֻʹúƵģм󵨵Ļӳת¥ް취ѡվſڣܻһʱһʱ
ԭտµĹɭʤһʤ̫֮УΪ൱Ըȭ˰ʮغϲʤɭ澳ȴ˿ңȴؼ汸һսȫǳˮƽӣֹ򽲾ǺˣԽսԽ֮ơ
տϲɣ۽ǵⲻ¥ţһĻЩը˷Σʮ»żһΧ¥Žкû˸˦ǰ壬һȺԸɷķ
ģǼģȥȺ¥ϳ壬滹ʮҲӽн˭ӻȥˡ
տܻƿڴкⲨļ¹ȥ֯ҲҪ°ס
ֵǣӶ飡ԺſͻȻһȣųһȺֳֿƬˣλεĴ󿳵Ϲ轺ߣͲȥ﷢ë
ͷĹ浶һ嵽տ󣬻ӵ󱳣缲ǰһܿ棬ȴӭһֻȭ
ɭû뵽տ»Լȭͷֱǰһͱټ˼б˲ռܿɳܣһȭîȫ
ˣտ½ʵʵһȭعǷһݰ磬һȭɭ˰䲻ᵱҪҲ㹻˽ǡ
տһƺߣغһѩĿ˼ͷƤðһϸܵļƤ
Ĺ浶ǺһȺԵĶûߵĳǰһҵѪȴܿҪȺ˶ǿ˵м֡
ĸӹԹԱͷ£ͷĹ浶ְѿտ¼ͷһȷ׹ޱȵĴԺÿһֻ䣬տ´¼ϴץҲûƴȥеļһﱧͷԹԶı浶ֳȥһͨҵڵء
浶ֵĳ˲תƣտ´ߵĻᶼûУһڵ۰Ͱ͵ѩĵƬӣη壬ЩһһˬӵǸ˫Ƥɶġ
ҶȻվ¥ǰȷȺ浶ʲôõİ취Ǿ䡣
ͷĹ浶ִӿڴϿ۴Ťתտ˫ַڱ浶Ҳ׷ͳ۴տ´ȫסɼȺ˶бǲ֪ǵѡ
տŤͷŹ浶ֻ֣۾Ҫ˵ҪǵϵðǷˣ򲻹˭տĶа취ڳ
浶ַһտϥڣ߹ڵϣתžžǣӲ˵һĺݻͬŶһĻ˶ֺֿݣûаԥ
վһԵɭ̲ס̧գҲһͷˮа²ȺصĹ˵ʲô
ͷĹ˵󿳵˦󲽾ֱߵС¥ǰƫͷһѪ۵Ҷɣѹ˵Ҷ٣û뵽ҲǸƴɰҴһĻᣬ㻹һ룬ʣһԼȥ
ҿüʱһֻ³ŲסˡҶ죬ЦȴЦͷϵѪ£ڵһ䲻С


164 
ҶѾ֪˹˵ݣʱ̲绹飬Թܿɹ
˵Ҷ٣ȴֵˣлټ˵תеĿһ٣뱳ĵʣ첽Ժſȥ
ʮһյѸ뿪ֻת۹Ѿ˸ɾ
Ҷ۳ߵĸֹҲסֵ˵ϣ˫ϵļⲻͣ鴤ڻӲѡ
澳ΣԼܱѰǱܣʮ̫Ϊȱµ˲̧һγһΣ˾ͺ񱻳·Ҫ˲֤˳е뵽ҲԼ
ԺԶԶһ󾯵ɭ̳嵽Ҷԣ첽¥ȥƺ齻ⲨͺãûҪŲ͡
ɭҶɳȥһѪ£˳ȥԡϴ˸軻һ׸ˬϴţһоţ߹ȥ򿪷ſŴһݸ߸վ⡣
ŴһڣһʵҶôˣ
ɭ˰벽˵˼ڶƤˣЩڴţϢһӦûˡѽҪĽһ飬ͷĹҶɽһΣ˶жϳ֮йϵ
Ŵ˵ͷ̧߽˴ţǰԥ룬˽ȥ
Ҷڴ컨巢ŴžͻȻ˫ָʹȫʹϾ˼ֻܷ
磬ֿŤˣڻʹϾ
ŴǰͷһһǸ˵ʹϾţҪǸһҲŪ˵Сͦ͵ģһľʣֹܣʮŸղɭ˵ˣȹƬÿ
ҶɿЦ˵ɣѾŲסˣֻҪһܰҴ򵹣ָʹȺһ˺˾ͽĲ֪Ŵ˾ͽжӣ˾ͽҲɹûöϣŴס
ŴҧסҶƵ˵еѾ֪ˣģ˾ͽҵһḶۣˣȺʲô·˵ô
Ҷ˵ûʲôģΪͷĽڿЩ״ңǰڱʱоȹһأΰ㻹顣
ŴȻһЦʲô˵ˣúϢǻر˵Ҷɼת뿪
͸֧ҶԺӿһŨŨľ⣬ۻ˯ȥϡһããˮ֮ϼʲôϼѼɢȥ
һҹ׼ǲƽһҹ˾ͽҴү˾ͽĲӶڰܰץ;ͻȻѪҽԺһغү˾ͽĲҹܻȾƣϲĿյ⵽ϮֽţһӲ޽ྻҿּʱȥҽԺȱסһм
ڶĳ̳һӣĳũһԷһ߲ʬ壬ʬ峤гͷצũŵõߣ˻صֳʬѾ֪ȥһȡļϢһƬɫ𣬾˵ǲĶһʱ˵硣ø̳תء
˯еҶϡоʲôڱǿӣһǶӵøˣǷһ˫ۣȴСڴͷԼЦСѾͷָһϸë˵ղžǿ
ðľ͹֣ҲƨɡҶЦһ׽סٻС֣ȴԼûаСֻһ˳ȥϵЦȻһ㶳
ٻ˴״Ͻ¼ëڴؿڣ˵ԲҪٻġɶ͸ˣô
ҶḧСգ˵˵Цģôô㣿
ٻͷڴǰ˹˵磬֪ˣⲻ㣬Ϊ˱ҺϪ㣬ѾĻƱǽͻؼҡ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ãǻؼң𴲿˵Сüʾ˵Ҳ֣оָֺһ
ٻŴŲϣҶɷ𣬶С˵ٻȳȥţ紩·ͳŹؽˡ
ҶָֻһҲڿϿôһ㣬޸֮ò״¿㣬ű˴ƿŴ˳˽˵ҶӣһϢ
ҶɿЦ˵ˣʲôϢ˵һӱҲ֪ʲôʱָܻԭ


165 ʬ
ŴǰҶɵ£˵ҵһĹߣֻҪκСõĲһû⣬ǹҼʶʲôСǿˡ
ϢҶϲüңʵ˵Ĺ
ŴЦżйϵ˾͵ˡδ䣬ſڴƵĵͿȣĪϪĪү˽
ҶɺŴæվĪүǳǰҪġ
ĪЦŶ˰˰ֵרҶɵлģϪѾͷ¶Ȼ˵л˵ָоûţͷӽһذɣ
ŴĪȡϵ˾ڿĳƵסŮϢ̸˹һĪϪһԭԭүүʱүжҶɳ˸м𴲵ϢϽŮԼл
Ҷɸоһ̣˵ʵҲûʲô񴴸˵ģǼһģӦһȥ
ĪһοЦЦ˵С˵ҹΪСβĪһλǹߣرԴȥϣܰﵽǣҲͷԱм֮顣
ҶɴϲĪһһ˵лүӣⱲԸǰСκȣֻҪһϣҶллˡ
Ī΢΢һЦæ˵лͷӻи֮룬Ҳ֪˵˵
Ҷæʲôֻ˵š
ŴͱһȭЦСİбơ
ĪЦʵϪ˵ˣСڱĿףٻѾͷŮҲܸϪѾͷ֪˼ô
Ҷüͷ˵үӣҪ¶ҿԴӦ㣬ΨҲҪٻԼ˼СõӣϹɶ£ֵúܣҪ֪Լ˸үүԹӱ徲
ĪЦʵٻѾͷѾӦˣ˼ֻܷģСסҲרչʳƢЩŹ֣֪ٻѾͷŮβҪҲƳ٣ض߾ȫ
ҶɵͷȻӦҵȻû⣬ٻллˡѾĪϵģֻҪκСõĲ˵ϸүүһҲС
Ī̾һƥû뵽һһ粨оգС˵ѱջأһг䡣
Ŵ˵ȥ˾Ͳȥ룬ľˣѾɭȥƵˣȴȥ¥³Ըͣ϶ȥ
ĪЦҲûʲôʱԶ˵ҵЩˣ·ɣ
ҶסŴ첲˵磬Щ㣬ô
ŴЦУֺһ֮ãȻصҸϾҽƣʲô˵Ҷɼ߳⣬һϸСĺܿȻ䡭
˾ͽұڹɹأһˮװ룬˾ͽĲڹڣλ˾ͽδĽӰ컹̸ЦȴǣбҰȫӰúͳͳᡣ
Ϣ˾ͽҿԷûлȦ֣Ҳûб͵Щˣ˾ͽ׸նˮԣŹ׸ŶӣûᣬΪɣ۰ǵԼöʧȥ˶ӣ˵ʹ᲻ֱᵽ˰׷ͺڷ˵ʹ࣬ĺʹ
˾ͽĲ˰ӣ˾ͽ׸ֻǼ׮С£йϵȫƵץߵϣϼܱܷ磬ëҲ𲻵㲻㣬˾ͽȥ;Ѻ͵ľԱһֻ֪˵Ǽ֢
˾ͽ׸˽ԼĶӣĲʾһÿ궼ȫ飬ûκβ֢˵ͻ֢ûţֺС˾ͽ׸ղţһҪŪӵڵˣһԸ𰸵ˡ
ʱȥ˾ͽ׸պһ𲻶ĵɫ԰ףȴǺģŪ׶ӵֻǵһΪĽҪûһ֮ǰṫӵѶ
Ӵ߽һˣһűͺˣһľɫΧȹ˺ݣһЦ¶ڲβĻһķӣҵҲ֪װʲô
ͺ˾ֱߵˮԣҲ˾ͽ׸գѷӷڽűߣһƿ׸ǡ
˾ͽ׸ճѪ˿˫Ȼ󣬽ֻƣתӵʬ壬մָʬУţǵĹ졣


166 
ʬǸеɱţ˵ʬʬ屾ϲ޲ͬһûĵʣḻʬҽ֪ʬǻ˵ģʵ˵ǰһУֻҪϸľܴʬҳ˿
ͺ˲ǷҽȷҽҪ䰺ĴۣһֵֻҪ룬ʬ飬ֶͬ
ʱȥͺ˰˾ͽĲʬ巭ȥ鿴飬ĵطˣ͵ĵطˣûʲôջ
һԵ˾ͽ׸ڰͲסʵϣûҵĲ򣿡
ͺ̧ͷŷƵӵ˾ͽ׸գ˰Ҳҡҡͷֵܿ˵ͷĥ͸˼
˾ͽ׸ɫ࣬ʵлûУҿԸ˫ǮΪ˲ԲϧκδۣϳҪۼߣһɥ֮ʹĸ׶ЩڿǵķΧ֮ڡ
Ҳ𻰣ӷȡһںƵ˾ͽ׸ջ˻ΣͻȻһǿòƷ䵽˵ϣҲԭµöһ˿գʱеڳһỳ˵ͼѷڵô˼ѵ˾ͽ׸ջʹΪô
˼ֻһЦ¶ŻưǿƷʬԣŲ¶һĨصı飬ֱֻ΢΢һ𣬷תƣǿںķһöɫС룬Сϸһ磬էȥһ۵Ѫ˿
˾ͽ׸˫ͫ΢źɫС룬ⶫĳҲӡ֤룬Ӳʲô֢˰㡣
ְѺڷݵ˾ͽ׸ǰɳƵ˵ʮǰһΣʱֵֹѵͷٱǱ޵Ĺ߷׷̽쳾רŴɱСӸ߹٣һȺǿĹ߽ɱˣѡһλΪĹΪ쵼ɱȹλϣһλž쳤ʹ밵ʮ֮ɱΣõľַ룬ӰѪâ
˾ͽ׸溮˵Ȼ֪ǾΪСҪǸ÷˺ָʹ۰ɣ
϶źڷζɳ˵ӰѪâþ죬ǿר˷룬ȥɱ쳤϶ǮҲȥһңӡ
˾ͽ׸ҧ˵ǧȸһ룬ֻҪ̵ˣ֪һа취
һĨ˲ţָСˮױأҡͷ̾˿ⲻǮ⣬ɱ˳һͽһ칦ϸй˾綾ǧϰ̳ûΧɱפأо綾ɱѪսҹ߼ɱ¾ʣѣ쳤ϾһҪɱ̸ף
˾ͽ׸ճ˵˻һԣһڣӦûɣ
˫΢УǵչҡҡͷΪ֪ƴļ۸ǡ
ڡ˾ͽ׸ҧ˵һ֣һΪֵûƴļ۸
ϵЦ˵ټϲرի˫ƤѥӦþ͹ˡ
˵ѥ˾ͽ洫ĹҪʲô˾ͽ׸䣬ôҲû뵽ϻῴ˫ƤѥҲ˾ͽΨһĶ
ϺٺЦѥˣ˴ﲻǾôҵһˡ
˾ͽ׸ü˼Ƭ̣˵ѥҲҪʹ˾ͽ׺жۣ۰ĲӦû⡣
ЦЦ˾ͽ׸գ˵ʵ˵ɣҪɱ쳤ѥϻְգҲ׬Ǯû벻ھд𸴡
Եȣ˾ͽ׸ͳ绰ͨһ룬绰ͨǳ˼䣬תԻ˵ѥһ֧ƱҴܿ·ϡ
˾ͽ׸ո񣬵ѥͲֿ˾ͽ׺ֵΪ˾ͽĲֵһģܸʲôۣҪóѪѪ
ü۴ЦͷֺϹ׸ǣ͵´ӷڴһϣݵָס߾Žһ죬һ綾ޱȵĻ߾̽УĨһǵѪգ¶һ˿⣬ģһζСġ
һְ߳꣬̽У澾һֺֻܣⶫи׳ƣ󡡣һֻ۾󡣬óָڸ׺ĶƤһʱһѪָۣðѪĻУͳһСƬУƷζһޱȵı飬·Ʒеζ
˾ͽ׸ޱһĻʳĳĿͷ⣬ϹȻˣԸĲѩޡ


167 ֺ
ϸ࣬ҶѾڼס죬СñĪϪȥСסֻʣһڼеģԼСǿģ۲壬Ϣ˫ֵͻָ˴룬ǸСѧӣзǳڴڴĪλܾСκȣһ·
ˣ屻˰죬Ҷɿ첽߹ȥ˷ţɢȫ̷֬ζĴİ㶥ϣܵһ̧ͷһǰվһ޶˵Ǹ߸Ь
ʫ㣬ôˣҶ˿ĭʫŽŮ˴߸ЬǴ̫߸ѹͲˣױҧȫ֬Ǹɶ
ʫЦӯӯĸҶɣ˵ûĵСȥҲ֪˼绰׼ô
Ūҷģǰô˼Ҷɰһ䣬ϼһǿЦݣڣмԴ绰
ʫһЦھͲˣҲûʲôҪ£ѵýϢһ죬Ҫȥְɣ
ϢŹ֣Ҷָűӷһ䣬Ů˵߼֪һͷײȫ̷֬ۡιȥ
ʫ΢ģЦеĵ˵ͷҹĸģϲʲôֻһ㡣
ҶɿЦ˵ʫ㣬ϲ֣οҪѧˣڼ»飬㻹Լȥɣ
ʫЦЦҶӣҪգӮ˽ͻؼҳԼҪ˾͹Թȥ֣͹Сʱ緹Դբзһ£㶼Կ鲻СҶѰģ·ֻصھưǰλɵĺʱ⡣
գô·Ҷ˫էʱȤСԲվ츳ǰÿڶвµյĻһССĽһһǡࡢ衭СӦһգÿζض飬Ҳ
ʫЦҳԣ£ҪѧˣȲ¸һͷҲ
Ҷһ˼⣬ͷտԣҲиҪ󣬳ԵķΧܳ԰ɵѷΧСһЩ԰ѶȽ͡
ʫüͷ˵㷢СԽԽͷˣðɣӦ㡣
Ҷɰһ죬󷽵˵Ǿհɣš
ʫü˼˼룬һ˵мãŮϲϲСҲϲйأ²ʲôΣʱӣ°ɣ
ʲôôһҶɾְʯͷҽŵĸоʫǸѶȵģȻѾӦֻӲͷƤһ¡
ʫ㣬ȷôҶɱŷʾ벻ʲôͬʱ˶ϲ
£ʱ䲻ˡʫ¶һ˿ЦݣģѾֻ͵ɹС꣬ĸꡣ
ǳƱҶɳ˵һյף־òԡ
ʫ΢Цҡҡͷԣһβ´Ļᣬʱʣӡ
ҶЩ۴һǰŮˣ˼˵ʲôϲĶˣƨɣ
ʫ죬СģϲĴƨ𣿲ԡ
Ҷһεİһ̯ܹ˵²յװɣҪ˵ҪйصģҲ
ʫظǰһͦЦ˵Ů˵Ľ˵İãСϣȦףô
ҶӣһǰʮһԷ˶ĵһͷ˵ˣķڷСʱܷ
ʫãǰֿסĸ첲Ů˵ĽϣȻһζҶǳˣԭ˵İǿġ
ԵŮ˹ܿģġġġģܲղʼ΢ЦŮ˹ֵ˼㲻ǰٷְٺҲ˶ԶŮԽԽԽԽƣ룬ܼ˹ʹԵǻ
ҶŮ˹һڲ̬ͬԸķ䣬ȻﲻǮǮ
ʫĹƿֲһǮŮڹʱ޹˼ɣǲҪģֻҪ˳۵ĶֻӦӵСҶӳͷβΪ˹ŴС첲ϿŴСҲż̵ƣСϱĽ
ڹ̳ŮУ˵ı׼ҪþãҶѾ಻ͷȫȥСʱĸоȻҹҪѰ㳹ˣϹȻûа׳ԵͣرŮ򵥵¡


168 ĸж
òװСʱʫҶһҽСӣΡĲǰվŨױĨٸ̵ĵŮˣп̹ǰӭߵľȵ죬ڵģ·ҪӭԶ
Ҷ̧鵽ЩݵĵŮˣͷĪһУƫͷʵʫ㣬ǻһҳԺô
ʫһۣû˵ϲҵƣͲǨһ½ô
ҶɲǷ࣬ԵûʲôøУټǰЩڷƶţŲʶ˵˵ᣬǱʶѾκε˳Ϲϵ
аɣǾҸ徻İԵ㶫ߡ
ҶڻѡǨһʫҲ˫ʱϢһ
ʫ¶һĨ޵ЦݣչۿסҶɸ첲Ů˵ɵʲôණ
ŮһҶϵĴС۵׵Գ鴤£ֻܼЦǰ˶
ҶֵɰжһԶŮˣոܵЩɵζͱʫŸ첲˲
ž֣ŵǵ衶ӣתᣬ˻ֱðƤ񣬵ȻֻҶɵĸоſĿֶ˾ƱۻͷŽģһޱܵģҲܲ˸
ʫͣҶɸ첲һĿλ£ְѲƵСҶǰ
ϲʲô㣬ܱ
Ҷָףüͷ΢΢ƲƲ˵ʲô⣬ǰӵ֣ɴŪһٴʮ׷ˡ
ʫ΢УЦʵûУҪһζʮ׷ô
ҶһνʼʲôУһ
ʫֻһͷŮԱָŲĵ˵һѣ죬沿ḻСҶ
Լôӹ⾰ŮԱ˾˸ʮȹ£ʫ¶һĨ˷ܵı飬˵ľˣԺΪ׳ж
ҶһãȻʵľ˭ܳôǰæ׬Ǯծûʱȥעʲôţʲôż֮Զ£й򻹲ʵڡ
ʫһֿƵ룬ͻȻ˵Ȼ֪ľӣ
Ҷɺʵҡҡͷ֪ľû˵
ʫִһ־Ҷɸǰ̾˿˵ڷǰҳǹĽܣ
Ҷڷɨ˲۽ڷϣһѩװŮݰף㣬ֻƬŮ·ɢһ֮˲Ծ࿴ۡ
ʫ˵ľӸǻˣĸǵľС㣬Сĸ죬ĸԶȥ˵ʮ꿪ʼƾһѺɤӺɨ޸а񣬽㲻ϲ裬Ǹ⡭
Ҷɰߴӷջأ˵ٺĵҲζʵڸղŵʲôˣ˰ҶƤżˡ
ʫ˸ۣҧг״˵ŸղŽǶţˣǸԻ
ҶЦʫ˽ңǾ͸Ͻϲ˰ɣȤȱȱӲ⡣
ĶȤ˼䣬ԱŨͰ˵Сˣ׷Ĵ룬ʮһࡣ
Ҷˣֶһ׷ͷͰǣհ˼ڲڵȻһͣ·˲侲ʶ̧ͷʫʳͶƫͷͬһڴı飬˵ҲܲµһǶľӿˡ
һת𣬷·ͷˮᣬȻöֻǰࡣ
𣬰־ͣΪѾ˶ĶɤѩڣɽʵһȪ
Ҷʴ⣬Ҳڲ֪бĸֲֹ磬·ڽĹ£ֻҪоᵽζ
žણһ˫ϣ࣬Ҷһգͷһ϶ˮ飬Ȼڲ֪еᣬ̧ͷһ۶ʫ棬ʳǾ㶼Ȧ죬мĿ޵ϡﻩ
һˣʼղľ¶棬Ƕڴһλ֮ܳĸߣвٿֽԱõѯʣдʧ
Ҷӣϵ꣬ͷǷľӵĸ˶Ժ壬˷ƻǷݸж


169 ֮
ཡҶɶһڣϸϸһƷ֪ζԭǺ
ʫҡͷ̾˿˵ղŷԱ˵ˣлľӼֻˣͨһرķʽѡļһĽ
ԣҶüͷһšݽʲô˳˵ˮùңСҶӺȿܿù̶ȸʤһͷµģȻһָ׸ǴС㡣
С㳤һžµŮľɢסظ°ͳʮȽ𣬷·ڷ質һƬĴβмߵζ
ϸϸСҶеƲ֪ɢСʶĸоһʱȴ벻Ƶס
ʫҲеС㣬˷ܵ⣬һĽ˵ľӵ֮裬û뵽ַʽѡԼ̫رˣ
ҶָתС㣬˵Ҳ軨׷ˡ
ʫֶС㣬Ц˵㲻Ƿ𣬲͵Ķϲ
ҶЦЦ̣˵Ҳ⡣
ʫһۣС˵ûô˵ʱѾ̣˵һ룬ͻȻתһˣ
С¶棬һС㣬׻˵³˫żҲͬС
ҶӣЦ˵㣬ԿֳһӦԸ߼¸ľܽӴĻᡣ
ʫ΢ЦҡҡͷһʳָɿҶɶһ㣬СԣʲôԹԸȥһľӣǸ˼˰СŶ
ҶɿЦ˵ΪɶǰС㶪Ϲ뺣
ʫָСһΣ΢Ц˵ľ֮ܰ͸Ʒ׬ˣعСֵڰϣ׹Ԫ
䣬һǰ͹̵Ůɿߵǰ׵İǰһ죬˵һСҰèƵģõ˶
ʫһЦְһ֮ҶУ˵Ҫջ֮ſϴǼľӣԼš
Ҷ֮裬۳ʫ鲻Ըİ֮ŮģԥһҲСȥСΪʲôֵҲûָ˼һ͡
Ůɰ֮˿ؼǵ֣ЦеĶ˵һʲôתߵ¥ݿڣפ㾲ȴ
ʫҶգһ۾վ˵߰ɣöľӵȾˡ
ҶһûٵĲȣҲվһֱǡôƽ䣬һе£ڶעĳ¥ݿȥ
ŮŤҡ˶¥ͷһǰָ̧ľſ˼¡
Ŵ򿪣߳Ŀƽͷ׳УޱɨŮһۣͷڷԡ
ŮɶӯӯһЦ˵ʲôʫһһȥȰɡ
Ҷ΢ЦҡҡͷȻŮʿȣžͺá
ʫҲƳ٣΢΢һЦ첽߽䣬ŮǰְŹϣҶӣŵһɵζ
ʱȥһӹ⾰ٴδ򿪣Цʫ˳һžҶɻ˻Σ˵ȥɣӵĻｲúܺá
ҶһеĹԼȥҲһţûȥ͸Сû̧߽ţƹһ۵翴һףĲ͸ģ汻һ޲ڵԼһװߣεĺˮװ߷ڸƯֵǿһ㡣
ãһŮ׺󴫳Ҷɻһ˫۽һһǳϤΣһɫһλİŮЦˮ崿ˣϥϴһŴë̺˾СҶ鲻Խǰ
ľƺû뵽ǰ˻ἤŲŲ΢ЦûʵԼ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷãǰҴûĸ衣˵ĶʵľĶλŮǰûʲôġ
ŶľĹʣ˵ҳô
ҶһĴ㳪ĺܺҾҲúܺá˵ʱڶľϥϣϧǲë̺
ľʶְë̺̺ȡһŹҶɣЦ˵Ϊ׼һǩԭϣϲ
ҶǰȥֽӹָⲻɱĴһϵıȻһͣžһڵϡ


170 ҹϮ
ҶûȥϵĹ˫۴ŶľӣԺгһֵĻ棬һʹȦΧƵС㣬ΧһȦտɫ⻪ۣСȻǰĶľӡ
֮ƻϵʾҶɼ˸عֱ˲ë̺һǣľ˫ȱһʪİײӰײӵķ϶Լ
ľӾѹסëֲ̺ٿѸߣһõ˵ڿˣټ
ҶһЦллĹټȻԷѾҲת첽뿪˰䡣
Ҷ߳󲻾ã׺߳һλݾİˣֻС۾緽˸㺮⡣
С㣬ūѹҪİ˼棬ʵ̫ˡ˵ʱƴ鴤źϲС졣
ľһ˿ңͷϥ˵ûϵģ֪ҵܣ˵Ǿͻعˡ
˵Σղŷūȫˣģū֪ô֤κβ͡
ľ̾˿ûٶ˵ʲôΪ֪һͻ᲻ֶɣǸùĻ˲úͻһʬ壬һβᱻ˻ɵ⡣
أҶɽžͰƣ벻ˤڴϣˣӽҲʫˣرǶĹ֡
ӣγֱʫӲȥ̳˺üͷŵýѣŮ˹ֱ̳ǧģ͹۹²Ҷɻص̱ڴָͷҲ붯һһһԼԸķ䣬û´Ρ
ѾĺһڵĴڹ룬ֱҶɲ죬˸һµӴ첽ߵǰ־ҪѴϡ
ģָⴥһë׵Ҷɰһȥſһֻëĺ֩룬ղҪʱּпܻᱻҧһڡ
ģҿֿ죬ⲶҧһڿɲġҶؿڣ¶һĨ𾪵ı飬ϵĺ֩ǰ¼в룬СǯƵĶһҧסͻ˲ע붾Һۼҧһͷ綾ߡ
ߵĺ֩뻺УΣյĶСźϣ·ߵСҶʾ
Ҷתߵǽ˸ɨԲһͱͱһ󷭵䴰⣬ⶾԼǿվǸ˵챻һ²ҲҪѲƤ뵽ɨһܳţƵ԰λõͷѰҲټ
԰ѾкܳһʱûгݣǽӲݴҪҵµĲ벢ףҶɨڲݴа˼Ҳûҵֻ룬׼ĵڣԺͽȻðһǿҵΣУʽָ̧࣬˲źϣĸоʳָǯסһ
ҶѸٰеյǰһƣȻһϸ룬ԺͷҡμͨſڵأģٲȻǱϸе¡
Լô˰ӹ⾰԰ϽǵϹһӰ˷ҹƮҶɣʵ¹Կһϸէһۿȥһбβ͡
Ҷסſڵϣɨ㣬Ǹϸ룬Ŀ͸Ӳݼ϶źӰѸԼ˵ǼٵģһѾᵽɤۣڿϸ˲ͽȻ뵽һֿܣʹԽƾͼƿܲʹļһ벻ЧͼӰ
Ӱһͷ¹룬Ųƶ죬ȥ̤ӲƮɣԾҶԣͷͼԣ鿴Ĳλ
ۣͷͻȻһ̴ٵĹֽУֺƵֱϵȷһС롣
Ҷɴӵһµеɨݺͷӣһȫ־顣
ͷ˸ֲӻŰ׵˴벽ɨܹӽʵʵϡ
ž꣡һ죬ɨϳأͷƺһȥɨҶģΪ˸ʵһ۴ֵʵľֱһ±зᡣ
ҶְֳľǰͷͷһͷΪΣõİ취öԷʧȥж
꣡еһľͻȻͣ٣ͷ̧֦ѹһ߬סҶ˫չѹɲôҲ޷ľ´֡
ͷƵȮͣ͵̧ͷ
һ̧ͷҶŵֺ˼ɴ˫ԣӦһݹ


171 ݶ
ͷͽȻһŹҶһ˼߬סһͷ
ҶϲޱС⼸˯ⶼϣԹͷ˵һʱ뵽ε֣һſѵʱƽ˼֡
ءһֽгŵվֻ̹˸䶢ҶɣϵƤһţ¶ɭɭݣһͷ˶ɵޡ
ʲô
ҶɷյſһʣһŶĹˣʱĹ̫࣬Ҳ񾭴ޱȴʱ˿ֳ̾һֳѰ侲
عֽ˫ͽȻڵһǰ컹δһŨȳζֱҶɱǿףѬûȥ
ҶһҧӲͷƤӵӭĹˣ֪ڵѾԼֻоȫǰĹֶݺƴһ
һֱ̳ۼٻһ˲תֻһҶ̵ֻһ˫֣ľǰһ족ַӵ¡
û书Ψ첻ơ
͡쵶ҡҷ˿ҹɫ˸и鲯죬˵ǰĹȻһĲҺȥһŹ쵶ʮֲĻڣƤëתѪ죬һѪ˱׼ô˸˫ƤҺʱû˵Ҫ
Ҷɿ쵶ЧĴֲĹʵҲǿ󣬲µѪĵõ֤ε빷оָⴥֵӲë
쵶顭ϵͽȻڶʾжһɱɱ֮ԺгһȦΧƵ󣬹ǸС汾ˡ
ҶǰĹˣһЩЩ־Ѿʧ٣ӻȥ
ء˰һþҶеĶ̵ɬĻʵ鵶㵽ʲôˣѪĶ̵ѾȫʧȥܵºɸҲ
鵶ҶһеĶ̵벻и̧֣ͦõָ˶ͷ˵㲻֪˭ֻ㣬ҪҪ
˻һϵѪӶ伸ţ˫ȺƱϥǹǰȥݿĵ죬ʮò˵ҡ
ҶȫŶﹷһµһ׳ЩõĶͷ̲סһϲ˵򵥣ʵشҼ⣬Ҫ㲻Ծ鵶һƬף
ؽͷſڵϣڳһģһֻǰ
Ҷߵһ쵶еͷλͣסŲʵʶ鵶ܲԵһ޹ؽҪ⣬ؾᡣ
ͷҲ̧˵鵶ıųζ
ҶƲסһʵ˵˭
˶˶˵ǿĸߣ鵶˾һλʮǰ涫һģӴ˾Ϣ
ߣҶʣĶʱ͵ĻѰȼʵʲôǸߣ
˻һ⣬ʼձֵͷƣڵ˫ָ⻺һצݡ
֪ܾǰʹһ壬Ǳûʵ̬ĶǻѡΪּĹϵøֳѰܶʱ칦ܣ帽࣬ⲿ˱Ϊߡ
ʲô˭ģҶͻȻ뵽ʲôڴ˹˵Ļе鵶Ҳǰݽ硣
Ҳ̧ͷĴҵܿͿԿϣ´ټʱ㶮ôʹ鵶
ãҶһݣ̧һݺ˲ӣڵƤһɲǣߺһ죬һǺǵ೾˫߱˲ڣĸоµ鵶е˿մ
೾ܿɢȥԭſŵλóһĥ̴ӣѾ֪ȥ
վڿӱߵҶ죬Ѿ˹˵ڿӶݣһڿӵٶȱҪϰٱ
ģһ̫ˣƷζҶɿЦҡҡͷղʵ̫б¶ԼĶ̴η鵶ĳδ֪ڵ֪ʹ鵶ڿӶݡ
ҶתͷɨһܣȷѾ뿪ְ鵶ɻƤʣߵ԰һ˰Ѳӿʼϵӡ


172 Դ
峿Ҷɿ⻻һոµзžӷһӣѧӣصѾõУ԰鲻ЩţĻڴ
⳵ֱһУУſڲżһ¶żˣȻ˳ͣУſȱ͵ĵضʱ仹ҵʳԸһ
ԽһҰǰͷܶԱͬǰȴֻСèֻƾҶɶ϶˶ǼҰζӦõģһСܹȥ˶ӡ
ӵ˰̵ĴһеѧҶŶӣæòֺ࣬ȴһ㲻ҡ
ҶһŶһ⣬֪ܿҰõţͶһ˶ȰӦ㳮ϣŮҪһӺһʳ󣬶һӣԼһܳԣĸһˡ
ĸţһֵڵҶɰ׼õ㳮˹ȥ˳õһͣתһߺȡ
ţˣһӲУİɣһߺȣ̾ҶɰԼ󼸸ţ
ιͬѧܲţҡһ͵͵ҶҧϵȻһͣתͷȥվһ׾ߴĵƤӣץһһ㳮۰Ͱ͵СҶϵţ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʵͬѧǽ𣿡
Ƥ㳮һǵ˵Ҷϵİӣһ˵ӣˡ
ҶɱĹŹ߼ˣǰţͬѧУ΢ЦʵģôͿ϶һţأ
ƤͷҧһЩ˵һǲɣǵһѧУ֣Ȱһ㲻ܾоųɰ㲻Ǯ˵ҧһڰӣ̵ڶ
ҶЦǱ滳Ǹģ˵ûô¶
ƤƤļ˼۾˵ϵıǩǹţͷϵȫµģûɣҴȥ˿϶Ǯ˵öԲԣ
Ҷ¶һĨı飬Ц˵û뵽һѧϸۣҪҸ࣬鷳·ô
Ƥ΢Ѹٰһţ˵ˣҾǸģҽʲô
ҶЦҶɣʮҶķɣҽѣԺҶˡ
ָָеţЦ˵԰ɣҪȳԣһСıţʱ仹磬ٽȥ
ҶɵͷһЦʼͷаӣôһλ˺ҲǸݹѧɻ˳ࡣ
䡪һ̶ͬʱתͷȥһɫܳʻУţһһŮݳŪ˸ǰƽèͣɫ󡾵ԵŮ㣬һͷںڵĳɢԺ󣬱Ͽһѧ磬ȴ͸һ٬ζһ֪һԶ
ƲƲ죬һм˵԰һ԰ܼ⡣
ҶɰϵİʵʶͷѧҲʲôϡ£˷õվܿߵܳﶼĽ㡣
еĿն˦·ߵͰ˵ֹʶеͬ࣬п³ŮǸĽÿμһҾʫĳ嶯
ʫҶһڶаòǰǸɶɣ˼һ̲סᡣ
̧һ¶ͷ̧ͷһգ̵ֱõͷУɴο˶ٴ齣ӷۺ쵽Ϻڣ㾭˶Ħ
ۣҶɸպȵһȶֱ˳һСߵǱǿףĨһϵĶ˵ҪǻڼǰѾʪˣһſھʪ֣ҲԹˣҲˣڿԴȥ˰ɣ
ִʫƺãִӿڴͳһ̶Ҷɻ˻εһ̣ɣһ
Ҷɰ˵˼Ҳ̡ϲȾƣԳ̲ð
ԹԵһôųڣϳɵ˵Ҫе㻵ϰߣҪô㣬Ҫôȵ㣬ʱ仹磬ҳʹȥԺһ㣬ܹ󡭡
֣ʲôʱһֵˣСɶһϷʵɳʱ˵𣬽ŴһЦ


173 ůд
ɫ䣬תŷķ򣬾治ԶĵطվĸǶ̾ʣµһݸ߸վھλãԴͣſǣԼһͨƣָ
ֻ⵽ƵֶͽȻŭ첽嵽ݸ߸ǰһʳָͷ˵¬Сô˼
¬ΪȻ˵ûʲô˼ǿװʮżʱţӽһеĵ¬ĽˣͳԺ˯õŸ߿˽ǵҽԺ˵ɣȴвζ
˫ָֻǷһžž죬˵ҿСԴż˰ɣƾ⼸ӻûȺŹѡһ
͸̬һпǳСҾʵǱȭңһ˫ȭͷУⲻٴͷǸĳѧУԵѣһļҪһ磬ȻҲм񲻸ӵģ³һǰ¬Ҳһ
¬Ǳ쵱Ĵ缶׼ĺڶСѧʼͶɣÿһѧУذԼĵ̣Ļ˵ʵϰΪһѾС꣬˼ʮСܣСȥձѣݺһ٣ߵʯ
һǳҴˣһǳưԵĺڶλעǶͷиͬ㣬ѧУڳκ鶼߼ˣΪ̫ûӣ˻þǸӣѪС´
¬⼤ŭȵľ⻰ﰵϲȴ൱Ӳ˵֣㲻ʲôȭô뵥үȫ㣬ѧȥС̲˹˹˭˭ث֡
һᣬ˵ã˭˭ث֡
¬ͷһµԵСܻ˻˵ˣúѧϰ椡Сϴ󷢻ӵУſȥ
תվҶһЦɵʼ˵˼ϸǷĴѧҪҪȥ֣
ҶɿЦҡҡͷ˵ˣһǲΪáЩ棬֮һ͵Ľ飬Զûһܵĵز
ƺҲµҶɵѴЦ˵㿪Цģˣȴȥҡ
һ·ҶɼʶдŮ治٣Цü䣬ǵշ𣬵СòƹϵѧȥС̲飬Է˪ӣȫˣʺݵġ˲ݵġнӶݵġɣ˷Ц׾ӵĽڡ
֪¬绹ǶԴȭͷûģ˴Уһֱߵ˸ſڣһ·ϸк˲λûһӦѧųģСҶһ仰ƽս£Σ֮ʱһˡ
ƺûϵ˺ĵ״Щ䣬ҺҲٴҶɣֱߵԼλ£ͷſڿϺ˯
Ҷɵһ߽İĽң֪λӣⲻϲεĵڣĪϪٻ߽˽ңԸһλʦģŮˣ˽ҵ˲ʱ˾󲿷ѧע⡣
ٻһ۾Ϳ˴磬¶һĨϲɫָҶڵķ˵ʦǾҸ磬Ѿȵˡ
ʦģŮ˾ǰλƽ࣬ҲǻУֶŮѾӴ󲮿е֪һԱҪ̵ִĸͶλҪṩ㣬̵ĳ߶ҪŴ󵽼£ϴڼȨѧʦǼǳͷʹ飬ղŸٻ̸̽˼䣬ܾϲķǸǫѷŮϣλմҲǸô򽻵˶
Ҷɿ첽ߵǰԻƽһ˵ʦãҶɣܸѧϰ
ƽ΢Ц˵ǵУѾ˵ˣвһʱ䣬ϣܷѧϰȡһĴѧѧϰʲôʱң鱾Ѿ׼ˣȸǰλ
ллʦҶɵͷӦһߵС󣬶ĪϪ˵лϪ㣬СýҺˡ
ĪϪɿε֣΢ЦʵѧһСٻסЩô
Ҷüͷ˵鷳ˣҿչ˺СáСѾĪס˼죬˼Щⲻȥ
ĪϪƤĳգգ˵ʵүү˼ԭСٻ㣬ô˵ˣҾˣݰݣ
ţټҶӦһʦźõλƽͬڿԿڳһελãȨøӡǳԭЩҲ׷
ʱȥĿγ̺ܿҶȡ׼õıͰʢˣ˸磬˵緹׵һǷ˻Ⱥ
ٻϵķˣһů˵磬лл㡣


174 Ƥȭ
һ׿ˮƽ̲ǧζƽǸ֪㳣֣ƽƾչƽһŸжСӹġ
Ҷɶһ׷ͬһݵСУ΢Ц˵˰ɣģԵǴŹǣ쳢
ٻֽӹ꣬һŹǷŽϳ̧ͷŴ磬Ц˵磬Ĳ˱ĪҵĴóԶˡ
Ҷüͷõ˵Ѿͷ˵ҪǸĲ˱ʲôóĪҲϻô
ٻ͵һЦҲŲĪңѧðɣڸĪүүѧϰ֪ʶͦ˼ģҾĪҶѧ㶫
ӿ⼸ٻĪϪһ𣬲ɱĽӴһЩ淽ĶĪүӾķԹ֪ʶֳŨȤүӲ֮ೢŽһЩû뵽СѾͷ츳֪ܰʶμ⻹ܾһүͽ˼ʼѴ۵ı֪ʶڡ
һԸ̣һѧٻǿѧϰ츳Ī̫ྪϲѧϰԴȤҲΪһְҵѧԺʳǲκҲΪǡ
Ҷ֪СĪҵԭͷһȻ˵ȻϲҲûʲô˵ģ¸˼鷳
ٻЦЦϪĪүүͦõģͲõˣҾѧ㶫Ҹоÿ춼úܳʵ
ҶӼ˿ŹǷŽСЦ˵ֻҪ㿪ľͺãԺѧȥĪңòһҪ߸磬ô
ٻɵĵ˵ͷ뿪ʼԷаԸһҪŬѧϰ֪ʶôʧ
ѧϰŶأȻѧܳһʱ䣬ƽʱѧι̵Ļȫɸѧϰȣ֪һѧϰѵβ
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ĪϪҶɵ˵ͷ߳˽ţҪһжô˳Ȼ
ҶʰϼͷվһƵĳһȺûĶӼסˡ̧ܣѸٴӿһڴ߳˽ҡ
Ҷüԥ룬Ҳſ첽˳ȥ
һ·߳УţŲδӿڴͳֻҧҧִ˻ȥǰˣҲ˲ѣֻһȥС̲Լµǲ£Щѹѵġ
С̲ѧУԶٲֻҪһң˵Ǻ̲ʵһδĴùˮŽˮںĴһɴ̱ǵĸζ̲ϵӲݷïó洦ɼƽʱ
һصѧѧУǧѧѧǶǺɶɷʢͣƽʱ֮һЩìܣѧУڴҪܵĴ֣֪ӺʱʼС̲ѧǽìܵĳ
ر˫ìҪһܣһС̲׶
һдʱ䲻̣ҲֹһС̲˵ǳʤǰӵһӽŴ磬Ӹʡ
ͬϵ˲Ϊѣԭ˶԰ԼŸ棬벻Щƽ糤̡ļһﶼŸֽѣȻûһϸһС̲ɵϣѾᵽһ˿ıζֲܾܾӡ
ƮһɵĸζС̲ǰڲʮվһȺ˴һͷƣͣ½Ųڴͳֻİָȭ״ϣֻȭƤֹƵģܺʵϺʸУָǹؽڵλǶŰ˿θֶһȭĸѪ
ȭүүµĶͱӻ󣬾˵õ˫㹷Ƥмһޱȵϸ˿ֱץסҲ֣뵱үүһ˫ȭףʮһ˫Ϊ˵ʮǳˣ֮ǰֻк
ȭоȻһͶԶһӣĬһ¶Էֻа˸¬ǼһһڱĵĹͷʲôͷ˶Աڵķ򣬿Կ߼еɫ
⼸ϣӼӰѾ̵һ䣬¶һĨɵЦݣΪȭҵĴԼµĹģǴôû¹ΪֹҲû
˵һ仰Լ˸һͦ˦󲽳¬ڵķ˹ȥ


175 
¬ԶԶһĨЦݣѸ̧Ե˴˸ƣͷڵɢĬһ뻡ΣֻٽһЩܺ£Χ
ߵȺԼ׵λͣ˽Ųֳڼϣ̧ʳָ¬˹Ц˵¬ѾˣֻܷһŻؼҳȺ
¬һתٺٸЦĴָ˵ȻܹΪѱ˵һССһУǱҲܴá
ͷЦ˵СôƵīīҪ֣ܶûĥƤӡ
¬һݣЦ˵һ̫СֻݵһϴʵǸúˣ˵ȥҪ˰ĵʱЩһһǻסˣһеϴֻǸܴɵϡ
һ仰ʹɫʼɫ֮ת̧ͷ˿˵˵ûʱͦɵģǲҪرģ˽һҾͦĵģһͻһ£ʶЩǰצʱ˿ɱֺڡ
¬˫΢УƤЦⲻЦ˵䣬ҵиһݵķӣֻҪͷԺһоֻһϴ󡣡
ʲôӣƺЩĶһ䡣
¬Ц˵򵥣ɽⳡҪӮԺҺµСܶϴҪӮԺ͸һ죬ĺģҶǿɱүǣвиʹ컰
ü˼˼룬Ǽ˵ŲôϾǸӣҪӮµСܶһ죬Ҫһ˵ĳԺô
¬ٺЦ㾡ܷģУһưɺһ̨ңÿ¹Ӷд򣬸׼˰СϽǼҹܻˣÿܷͷ׬һǮ
˫ƻһָǷ죬˵ȻҲҪһҴӦˣְɣ
¬վԵĹͷ˳Ц˵˵ǵû˵˭㵥ֵһ˲Ҳ˰æʱ˵ҿ㡣
ͷһһѪ˵˭һֻܷ䣬Ĺͷвǰվһ׵λá
ͷԼʮͷͣŨüۣ㲻øߴȴԵ÷ǳȳƣüһб̸ƽ˱뺷֮ױһԶֵγһĶԱȡ
˻δײȭͷ˵мһֻ˵۸㡣ȭףȰѻ˻
ҡҡͷ˵ӣܷ
үһȣȭ̧һǳڵţһȭֺֿݣȭͷһ߷
ȭδѹ棬ֻ˰벽ͷ˳һƫȭͷӹһëҲûţջȭһϥǡ
Ҳ׮ȭһڣȭͷӣһȭһţȫӲӲȭϵĸֶռ˱ˡ
ܣ֮Ʋͣ޹ǰѸ£ŵ棬˫۽Ͽտյȭͷżݺϥǡ
žֻϥһ飬ʧ岻ܿ˼ûվȽŲƷŵ棬˫߳ˡžСߵĺ󵹣ǿޱȣҧվ˽Ų
ֻһ棬ȭҴ˾ͳ˴һͦ𣬵ûгʤ׷˼վԭƫƫԴƺڵС
Сӣʹ죬ղǼҪٵһЩʵʵСǿҲҪͶ롰ɡ£ǶԷ顣
ʳָ˹ޱ˵򡣡
ãԼԹҡŭһҧȭͳȥ˫ȭտƷּתȻȭӰȺȺȡбɤöֶĤ飬ȭһ֣ȭſȭȭܶ˽
Ų꣬ȭвУȭмεظûһȭͷ̱Կȣ˶ʮУ㶼ǹ٣ȵѾ˭ȭſ죬ƴ˭Ƥ
أһȭһȣˢˢ˿Ѫϵȭ˦һֻȫмʮЬӡźʱķ䣬ĺ˳űεͣʣڲ೾ϳһѵĹӡӡ
ϵıĳ˶װҲһƺûʲôʵ˺˼ʮȭϾȻһѪҲûУʤѾ˷


176 Ա
¬ǱģͷƲסһϲҪ֪ǻ˴ǮģΪľҪֵ˵£۳̾Ҫ죬̲סҪЦ
ֳ±ڽ£Ŷʳָ˹˼ܼ򵥣ͼ
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¬ƫͷ׳ɷͷʹ״˵磬ͱӲˣٴȥֻԼοأ
ޣſ³һŴѪŨ̵ҧ˵һӻܴбƤ˰ᵽ
¬ĿͻȻһָ̧˵磬İˣܰſһ
תͷȥ׳ˮƵ۾ϡܿһģӰϺŸߵǰǿ˲ü
Ҷɣôˣ
ҶǿһЦ˵·˳㿴ʲô԰æġʵղС̲һԶԶ߷һУ߻̲ס˳֮ͬѧᣬο˻һγ͵Ľ顣
̾˿Ҷӣ㻹߰ɣˣ¶ûҪ͡
ͱˣ˵㻰СܰſҺֵǽ磬ԺԹԸһ죬һֻһϴ󡣡
ʧȥĵ¬˵̸ƫͷվһԵʹ˸ɫ
ҶɸղŸ̫Զ˵Щʲô¬Ļʱ˼֣ȺһΪʲôһϴλӣǳԱ˳ŵġĥһֻһǡ
ʶı£Ҳ㣡һִҶɼгвζ
Ҷɷͷİƣ˵Ҳ²£Ҳϰ߱İļ򡣡䣬ϵı΢΢һͣԺֳһʹȦΧƵСˣС˶ͷгһֻǡ
ţ裬޹ӲƤʾֻһûظӰֵʾӰеͷξǿ̽˲ӣʾҲǰҪýࡣ
ƺû뵽ôһŲ֪ǳĽɫһָ׵˵Ͷ֣˷ʱ䡣
ǰü˼ҶǰͦŴ˵Ҫӷ㵽ףֵǰСС
ãҵšһЦŸ첲˼˭һѧܴҲȲֵѪ˵
˫ȭһҧҪǰ壬䲻类һֻĴְסתͷһҶִסԼ
˻ҡҶƵǰһ˦󲽳ǰȥĿͷһɨһüһĴָǴСƤ΢΢͹ϸĸ״
˫ۻ꽥нȽżڵԸСһﲻҪ֣㹻һžöԷſ¡
Ҷھ׵λͽȻͣ½ŲƫͷһĴŶԷ˼룬Ȼһ˷ѽľٶֻʳָ˰ȦԼͷһǡ
ˣŷһľƵҶʹ죬¬˼룬ȻһЦ
ҵʲôѣԭǸɵûԼһԱҪɣ
ɵƼöˣɵûվһԵСҲʼЦŸ͡
ҿܴûǰȰԼˣһᣬܿᷢԼϵѡ
ЦϣмһЦһŰƣȺûᶯˣýһ´ڸС
ûЦ˫ֽۣץסǸըҩһԥ˦棬ɶļһըһ⡣
ҶɸЦȻͳͷܿ죬Է̧ŵٶȸ졣
ȶԷ嵽ǰ̧žһǿĲߣžżһߵʵܿӽż⴫һǿķǰĲûͣ٣ת۹Ѿǰ
ಡϸķϰֻɻ񶯳ջ۳һľĴ죬ˣоϴһʹԴҪѿƵģͫгһҡڻζģ塭
ͨʧȥĵż˵ڵأ鴤¼ȻҶǰ죬ʳָɸȦԱԱƣһԱʤѷ֡


177 θС
ʣкЦȻֹ¬СǻһȺסӵˮѼ˫һ仰Ҳ˵мﻹ졣
žણеأһҶɣԼͣ˰ӹ⾰ͽȻתϲЦǰһѱסҶ֫
Ӯˣ벻СӻǸ֣Ұ׵һû뵽СǸϻ
˵һЦ˵ıҶתȦȦ
ҶѲ̧һǣЦ˵»ûꡣ
ϣõһֽУϽְҶɷԴ캩Цԣһ˰¶ˣô򡣡˵ת̧һָ¬˵¬ģղ˵Ļ㲻㣿
¬һϵı粻ԵСҲع׷״һ׼ƴɱ
ϴһһͷСܻӶеĸֹܣһŪӲ˵ˡۡ
ǣ
ƬӸֹϦ⣬СǶЩµ¬λϴҳ϶Ⱥܸߣֻһ̻ȥȺŹ
סڣһﻹûϴ󣿡
¬һŭȣĿСһɨСǸĿһͷϴƽʱºϣµֵܷǳ壬Ȼ˾µСܲа顣
¬ҧҧӽű߼һֻմ೾ȭףߵǰְȭ׵˹ȥ
һĭһ磬ӽϴҸµֵǶ졣
΢ֽӹȭģҡͷ˵ûӮϴҶɣӽǶҶϴ졣˵תҶɣ˵Ҷӣܱô죬ӽҸˣһ˭ҲҶϴҾᵽΪֹ
¬һҶɣҧ˵ԣӽһֻҶϴ˭ҲҺµĵǶӦ
Ҷɱͻ״Ūˣæֵ۲ףһǶģʲôϴǾͱΪô
һָϵ˵ϴͱˣղҸ¬Ѿ˵ˣ˭Ӯ˭ϴӮ˾ϴԺʲôֻһץ칷͸ˡ
Ҷһõ˵֣ǲ뿴㰤ŹæģСӱҳô
Цϴ󣬴ӽһۿ;ԵͳҶظˣҪǲӦԺÿλԽϴֱӦΪֹ
ҶɾķƤȿﳤǹ䴦֪Ҳĳ⵵£һתͻȻץϵ
¬һץУҶץ˸գֻվֱӣĴʧܡ
¬ݸҶɣһ˵Ҷϴ¬˵ȥĻûջصĵҺµֵܽ춼ϴ󣬰˵ǿڷĲģʱҺµֵܿģƽʱûҲȥ㣬ҵǵĹϵΪֹвиʹ컰
Уô˵ˡҶڴӦֽӹ¬ȻΪţƤǿˡ
¬ƺû뵽ҶɻӦʹ죬΢΢һͺָܿʵϴУм䳡ӣʹҪҪȥϸ
Ҷɰڰ˵ˣԺлȥȻ˴Ҷɢ˰ɣ˵һתߣž
ϴȵңιһ׷ȥһһʧԶ
¬ȥıӰ̾˿תСǴ˸˵ɵţæ̧ˣɢˡ
ҶɳС̲⳵ȥûϳţè˽˳ֹϳţ˾˵ʦȥٵ·ţӵꡣ
Ҷɲüͷ˵СӶ׳˻ţôȥŪ켦󡣡
ΪȻ˵Ͳ֪˰ɣţӵϰţӻúó⻹һ־ƵЧǰܣÿ˶ҪȥԸ͡
˳Ի˵ҲʡҶɸ˸ǻӦͷαϱĿһҲˣԸ˻ؼ¶
һӺҶ˺ţӵСڣڵţӻùðݣƮŨʳָ󶯡
ϳ˼ʰɾţ⻹һһСӣװһ͵ĺɢһŨҵľ²ζһžӣһץ̺ͿĨϣģСϱĨƵģ©ĳ䡣
̯ôһŵθڵСܣҶֳڻϷòȴٳû¡


178 ʦ
Ϳ²˺ģѳ˸桰ƿˡһЦ¶ڰĴҶɱľ²θڣ˼ƬţҶ˸о˴룬ְ˵ĳ嶯
߽һΧȹˣ΢֣͵ĺһƿ첽ߵ£Це˵ˣյҩƣϾ²˴Чá˵ҿƿǵЩҩģͣ˰ҲŰҩĨϡ
ҩƵζܿڿɢȻѴ̱ǵľ²ζ嵭˲٣Ҷһ˳Իĸо
׵˰ĸʣвѿСޣ߶ҩƷʹ۴Уʦʲôҩôоһαһʹ
ǺţӵϰۣҲүүӣ۱Ӧýʦ书˵⻹̳Ƶ˵ĸҽĳЩԭȲͽҲҽȴϿһţӵ꣬ú
ۺٺЦʹСӲԣÿθ˴ܶʦڳ»ҸϵȥۣӣԺҲϱʦֺݡ
ʲôھȥۣһͣ鴤ͻȻ̧־ҪĨƻûվͱһֻס
۰־ٸ߷ſһɵ˵СֻĨĨٻ༸ٸӣʱʦû㡣
ҲȥĨϵ࣬ʦ´Ҳ鷳ˣô
۵һЦҸ˵˶ٴΣΪ˽ǿ¶ճԿԼȭžôһ磬Ҫиôʦ涼ˣģһϵҲˣʲô֢
ڰյæͷģ´һ򲻻֣ڣ˼쵶첱ӡ˵˳ȴʦƽʱңղ˵һҵģҰ׵һ
̾˿ҩƿվ˵һɽһɽߣͷ书ٸҲһӵͷΪ֮ɣ
ͷ˵Ҽˣʦߡ
žƿ뿪䣬ʱûԾϵ©һţӷҶһֺõ˵ϴ¶ô
Ҷüͷ˵ʲôֻʣѿԣԺ˶ϴŹֱŤġ
ЦУԺ˶಻УҾ֪ĹǸ˭ѧģֻһоͰǹͷˣ
Ҷɼ˿ţ΢΢һЦ˵ʵҸûѧʲô˵λĹ͡
ҵĹֱͣϵ©žવϣһĴ˵ϴ󣬰ѻ˵ôӱɱŪҡ
Ҷɷ˸˵ŪʲôͷԴǻҾԶĴţҷһ⣬ȭͷκβλܣΨȭͷӽͷǿʱᾡ赲Ҷ϶ڶͷ룬ƴһųȥһþͰˡ
Ҷɣ˰ӲŻعĴָ˵ϴҷˣǳԵģЩĸ
ҶɿЦ˵ʵҲûףԼԿȣҲöԷɾ裬˷ҲһЧһЩеʱ׼κˡ
ϴҷۣԺ϶ܻáŴĴָޣǰλϴķڷ
סԻҶø˵붯רţӻ
һٷ꣬ϵѾȫ͸ֿһһ飬ѸɺԵ龡£վԭ׳ɷͷѾָмȫȥоԼ˧һ޵İٷֱȡ
Ҷɷ꣬һģ˵գһؼһвٹҪлĻ
æ¾վЦ˵ȥ˳İ˽ˣÿʦҸǮԶܸои񡣡
һ뿪䣬ߵþŷһ۵죬űһɾײƬڴڵĿ˱һԼͬŷȥֻص鲣мŰשһ֪鲣ŵ
ĺ۴ӵ˳ܳﻹаӰŵļһѾˡ
첽ߵ۸ǰʵʦûпҵŵļһƽʱΪ˴´֣Դȴŵڹʹ
ۿЦҡҡͷû£ǳ˾͸ϽؼҰɣһᴦ


179 Ҷ
֪ʦֲ֮öʣʱԵҶָŵϵש˵שͷѹʲô
ѭָķȥȻǿש·ѹһ첽߹ȥשͷשͷһдֵֽƬһúдһ֣ޣƷξѡ
ʦʲô˼
˺ֽƬõ۸ǰָоʦʲôˡ
۽ӹֽƬһۣ¶һĨŭɫеֽƬһźݺڵϣ˵ǺǨ˾˶ʦҵģܳǮҲ
ڴŪ˷״Ҫ̣ʦϣЩҪļһĵֶΡ
ʦղ˵ĺǨ˾ʲô·ûа¸ϵ
䣬ʦȻѾȭŰȥö꣬Ȼȭŵһӣϵȭŵ档
һɬҡҡͷǨ˾˵ǱʵĲǨ˾ֻҪǾûв𲻵ķӣѾȵţʱ¸һըıƢ֪Ҫ˴ȥʱ򷴶С±˴¡
޻˵ǿƼٷչʱȭѾķ⣬ѧ˲ûУǱϽһ̬ѧɹѧЩʵĻӹǫ̃̄ܰ˲һ֡
¿ԱҶ뵽Ŵ٣иֳ׾˾ˣСһ׮
̾˿Ҳûã˺̨Ӳֶλǰűװͷץ֤ݣû뵽ֱשͷңͷĲֻϵùСӱŲͣؼҰɣ
Ҷɣ˵ϴи˻ܰæȥ䡣
Ҷüͷһ߳˵ţ·ͣ
һ˵ϴʦСҳ󣬰ҵ׶һԴȻ֪⵵ҾҪæ¬Ǽһ·ӿæʱ˵ô
Ҷԥһ£ʵ˵仰û⣬ȷ¬ܰæô
˵ͷֻҪӦа취СӸǲͬǰѧУᣬͷǱ쵱Ĵ缶ҹ˵仰òǨ˾ǰһŵƨ
Ҷ¶һĨı飬ʵҾͲˣֱΪʲôҪѧУϹ죿
ͷ˵Ҳʱ¬ȥӦ˾УʱҲˣȥ˵һʿǰ򿪳Ҷϳ뿪
գ΢쵽ëëϸ꣬Ҳ֮ȥһأ˸ܵĺ⡣
ҶɺϿεʱ⣬СһѧϰоѹΪѾʼ¶ѧıʣ˼ԣ칫ɼСѾͷȻȫ֣˲˼ʦͬעĽ㣬õĸ֮Щ
ִСԲԼɣΪľѧγһֹԣ浽˼ɼ̹Ȼԡ뷨ǷõģʵȴƤŽѧǾһȺî˾Ĵ㣬ŵ޼ǳ̫Ҳ
ɼǼѧǵıߣٻڶ̶ڽһݿƾ޵ĳɼŲԾȫ֣ʦ̶Ŀ࿴ƽһսŮѧĲֹǾϲд档
¿죬γ̽
ҶȡͰ꣬΢ЦŶС˵µˣŪ˸պųһ٣һóԵġ
ٻƤգգ۾ִӿһͰ棬ȡŵĽС룬װżȣ٣£ɢ˿˿˵
磬ҽ³ģ㳢
ģҶһСãĿͣ˲Ĳ㹴ñıһǽ
óԣѧĳգˮK治ϸϸ⣬ϧ׳ĴʶСõһ³ζǳѵãЩͷҲɱζ
óԣٻէֱָһˮKŽϳһüͷˣ̫עزȵһҪĶһߵ۲ǺÿǺóԡ
ҶСϵı鲻Ȼһͻŵʵܺóԣô֪ϲʳأ
ٻǿ⣬˵磬˵ĶҿģʵĲ˲óԣ´һøá
ϡҶӣһỽٻĻҶӣ֪˭ƥرĴºţ


180 ù˵ͷ
Ҷͣ¿ӣתͷѭȥߴһűεĴڲϳ֣˱ײвè
СٻԣȥһˡҶɷ߳ңһСӭ˹ɷ˵ͳУŷߡ
Ҷ֣ʵСӸʲôƨƵġ
һ˵ң¬Сӣʵ̲ס귢˵ˣ˲˺Ǩ˾ôţǨ˾ܾǰ³СտµģԼС̸̲¡
Ҷüͷ˵ˣʵΪ¬ûÿ³Чã˵ܰˡ
³ͷΪʦ۵̿ԲֶΣôҲ벻ǣѧУĶӣЩùֶɧʦӦܿͷϣ¬ʣɷǽõİ취
ڴǺ˵³ɵϣҸղſУһƱ˱С̲ȥˣǰģͦģ¬СҪԿ
Ҷְ˰˵ǻʲôߣδ䣬ѾҲƵĳУȥ˵¬ʶϴҲ¡˰ĵȾ׷һǰһܳУš
ϸ˿紵бĺˮðŻǵݣ¬ͼ˵СѾƵˮߣźѾˮǶһȺֳ˦׳лһŮˡ
³վһ꺺ԣһ˦Ĵģ˵¬ģүƽʱҲûʲôڣСӲóԴʲôҩүǰװʮ첻ѵǲ᳤Եġ
¬ſ³˵տµģӣֻҪһڣ¶ûꡣ
³һЦĶӣͻȻͷһЦЦʮȻɲͣ˵¬ģ˵ͷҲЩ飬ѡ񣬵һС¿ˮһȦڶҽ˰ǰǹ˶ȥ
ǹⶪˮɥ˵ûԶһٻҪ¬Ѿ˰׼³Ҳסɫ䡣
տµģб³һΪЩֵܡ¬֪ҪԣԼϣܱסµСܡ
³ЦΣһߣʶȤľͿѣС
¬ҧݵģӽǹҲҪһѪµСϻٶˣûʧȥսϴһ˵Ҳƴһͷҧг׼ȥƴ
³̧һӣޱ˵ϴ磬˰Ƕȥ
ٺ٣ƺðɣ¶Цֳ˦¬ȥ߳ͻȻһ׶̰ľʹһʹ˦ء
˰۵ĶǵԸ鳴ζôһԵڿ³͵Ťתͷֻѧվʮ׿⣬һͬһŰľ辵׼
žžડ죬׳ͬʱе˦˫εסգǲûˣǳԹ浯ĿͷⱲҲǸ鳴ζ
ಡҶָɽָֻۣƣϻ˦׳ͬʱһҽУеļһĺˣʹı飬Ҳ˸鳴ζʹʹ
Ҷϴ󣡡¬һʱϳҶɣƲסͷĿϲЦӡеҶϴֻԱû뵽ָһľϲ
Ҷϴ͵һͿ¬µСҲ˷һĦȭƣֻϴһӾͳȥѸղŰӱҪݺݼϼϢ
ҶһƽŶ׳˵Ը鳴Ķһﱧͷ£ͬĻҲٽڶΡ
з·һ޷ܵǰһ̻׺ŵ׳ȫԹԱͷȥŮڣֻʣ͵Ŀ³վԭأƺڿҪҪ׵⡣
Ⱥ˾ǲǰµͷҶɺŴٺݺһεĿŻа鳴ζ׻˵һҧʮ¾ҶһѾˣֻôȫʧȥ˷˼
˵Ҳͦߵģһ־ԳɨڵĴ籩յ£һҧżͶͬڵԶСºͱ³֣һΰ¾˵ɷǣӦǾ׻˵ùƤ


181 С
һȺɥĻӣվһ޴Ŀ³ˣͷȴڲͣðȶӺŶޣһķ˵ǻţBһͿڲ繷֪ԷҲԼûɤӲ
ˮʹ棬°׽
Ҷƫͷ˷ܵŬŬ죬˵ɵţȥ¬Ѷ׵ϵļȫˣʵ㡣
һ㵣ɵʵʲô󣿡ûа˵ľ飬С̲ȫӲݣҲҲһӡ
Ҷüͷ˵Ƥ³ϻһ
˫һĴָҶɻ˻Σܵ¬ԣ˵˼䣬̷ԸСǶְˣϵƤõİ˫Ƥ˩סУŮõǿ³ƤŰ˵ĵ˲ٺȭڽš
ÿϺһȺ£ƨƨߵܵҶɸǰ
ϴķԸȫˣô죿
裬ô¬һԿžУˣߣ棬ŵ㣬滵ˡҶ˵Ҷɰѵתߣ䲻ס½ǡ
ϴȥ
Ҷתͷһۣ˵ؽң緹˵һƴ䳶½ǵ֣˦뿪С̲
ҴһصҶɿСٻʦΧסʦиһŲϵıͬ˷ܵġȵġġŵģλƽվٻǰڵѯʲôߵǰ֪Сòֿ֣һѧеĸ֪ʶ޷ģȻѧ֪ʶ˳
ȫ꼶ͳһ飬߷־ȻǸѧٻɼ߳ڶһأλʦ𾪵ͬʱ׷֤ɼʵԣʦٻܶԴλʦﶼͬһͷһĸ߿״ԪǰλŮѧζһĴڱҵͷϣ̳߿״ԪдŨīزʵһʡ
˵ǻƽ࣬һֱĴЩչѧ󲿷˺Ҫֹͨϵѧģѧϰɼһֱθڳ˸Ůѧܲ衣
ЩʦҲٻͬѧ緹ʱˣɢ˰ɡ
ʦվڲԶҶɣЦкλʦ뿪Ѿ˹ʶԺҪرעλŮѧܹṩĵطһ·̵ơ
ʦֺǺǵˣҶߵС£ŷϵʣʣȫһͰ˴ӻ⡣
ٻ¶һ˿Ǹ⣬˵ԭ˶ϣһһߵǡ˵һͣЦҡҡͷ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ˣһȺʦ˽ֻܰѷȫͰô˵ʱʢһӻ⣬ҴҶ
ճ꣬Ͽʱ
ŵ߽˽ңԶŵһӴ̱ǵĳζ֮ͬѧǷ׷üǣ˰ڳһʺļƴߵԼ£ЦеֶҶڵķ˸ָȦƸָһ׶OK
Ҷһۣͷעת̨ССľٶԵٻüͷȻڴ첲ͱһǡ
һȥ³ûϿΣڶ죬ȻӰֱż߽ңСģһʣжһ˿⣬ϿҲԵĲɡ
һĿγ̽ĪϪٻҶʰ³ߵǰ빪˵ҶϴСͼλ緹Ѿˣ͸ô
Ҷüҡҡͷȥˣ칦ͦģɡ˽ʹڻǨ飬ǻֻ˵ѾȻȥҲ³̫ϵ
³¶һ˿Ϊѵı飬˵ҶϴСѾ¬磬ԷҲ˼
ҶܾЦǺǵ˹˵ϴͱˣ泵׼ˣ԰ײԡ
Ҷվ˵Ǻãȥԣ
³ЦСϽ־Ƽңб¬յĳӣĩҿԷſʹ졣
Ҷ˵һѴ϶һܳ˽ҡ
СϽֵشϣֻвʮӳ̣ĺóĳΪ˸ĵطҲ˸ʳֳļеأ洦ɼ𷢱۵Ĵƨ椣ظ϶Цй䣬˵ϼƤ񣬾ջһҹ顣
о仰˵úãȻ˴ҪԼһڡ


182 ˽ѽ
ƵСϽľƵ֮һڵİϵֻ꣬Ҫڱ·һ˵ֶ˳ֻһң޷ֺţĲʽ߻ɫҿڱѣʮаƲȫΪҲ𱬵һͿûǰһڸ
ƵһȺرĿˣѧҲгˣ£ѵƲȫһ飬ڿԺȵЦǳ֡
¬˵ģʩֶΰѿ³Сܣ˳£˿Ϻ߸ƴɱ£ʵѸһսµ̣ƾԼʵΪ˱Ϸͷĺ֮㣬ȻһжһĪĹϵǾϵϴ
¬վѾƱ쵽Ҷɸǰ˵پҶϴһҵĸˡ
ˣҶɶƱһЦʵѻ˵ôͳɸˣ
¬Цͷȥǩдľ䣬󸹬ŲУȻһźãͷơľǽһжβ˳ǻһλ˰׻ѳ飬ͷ˵ǩ飬տʼһţˣǸˡ
ҶͷһںȸɱоƣЦ˵Ҳʲôˣֻһرʱ˼رѣ˵һԵݡ
ƿҶɱеƣЦ˵ϴ󣬻˵ûǸˣܸ֣֣û뵽ȾҲǸ֣㳹׷ˣҸԺĺġ
ôһ˵Ҳע⵽ҶԵĿվƿѾɶʮȵĹһװȻɫĺȹƿݺڳ˿ɼ
ҶɶƱһںȹ⣬Ц˵Ҳ֪ô£һЩҲôȶͷ
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ƹѲ˹ζ¬ٱЦ˵Ɑȥյĳ棬ϰ׼õľ椣֤þˡ
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ϸҲ¶˷ܣ³ĵһ£Ȼд˹˲ʣСϴ¬ӦǿÿºҲɣӽһԼĵ̣ȸź˾Ǩʲôǰ;
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ϴ󣬿Ɑһȥ³˵䳡Ҳһȥ̵ģ˽ҲͦͣԼʮõƬӵĻһ㲻ˣȥһͨ˦ǰһÿ޵ֻܹԹóӡ
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˽˭ҶüĻĿ˿ϵˣǶˣӡ⼸һֲ߶
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¬ƱһںȸɣӲԽһƫΣˣܿģôӽ쿪ʼңӵ˱ϵϿɵĵ̣һҪΪϰ˵ɹĵһзǳ塣
Ҿٱƣƫƫλκվڰ˽յĴ³ȥ¬ѾӣҶɺֻܲ뿪߳Ƶź󲻾ãһɫµӴӹսǴ˳̧ӵô˻ýӰ


183 ʽ
ҹܻСϽҹܻ֮һϰǸвʽŮˣҴҹܻᣬڱĽֵϣǸŮˣ߻ӵҵл÷ˮ𲢷£˵ҵһȾףֻҪ̤оͻᱻȾϸɫʣʽǸŮˣ˵ǸƯŮˡ
¬ǸͷԵĽɫڶ֮ǰ;һܼƻʱϳ֣ǰӵǹȫɨسţ˳˿Ȩÿܻһ൱ɹ۵ĽҲһϵεĵֱ̣Ҳûϰʽ㡣
ҹܻװƹЧǹһˮ׼ⳡӰܶڻ˵Ѿַǳ
һ߽ҹܻţλЦӭǹҹܻḱֽʣģú˧Ƥ̫ף˵ĵһоղ㣬˵ϸϸէһƤ
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ֽһҶɣǸһ˿ԲĹЦ˵ԭҶϴˣ
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ս¬ͳŲסᵹɳϣҶ԰СᣬܰһڼһСԲˮȱҲٻشڣ򿪵
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ҶŰѹ̷ŵ輸ϵŮˣüͷ΢΢һšѿʵ㲻ǷԱ
ŮһЦҶϴҲû˵ԼǷԱ
ҶЩΣڨЦʵһҹܻϰʽɣҹܻǰҹܻϰвʽ㣬³ӵҲûֹƶǰŮ˺пܾλЩصĲʽ㡣
Ů˫΢УǳЦ˵ҶϴȻô֪ǲʽأѵǰ
Ҷҡҡͷǵһλ˵еرľӦû֪Ҷܴ֪Щĳ˲ʽ벻˭
Ů¶һ˿΢Ц󷽵˵ϲ˴򽻵ڵϻĶǴˣɱɱվܳãõϵĲʵڵĶ
ʵҶɺ˵ԼѹʲôϻģϴͷҲǱӲϵ⣬һ׷䣬ϳɵ˵ʽ˵úܶԣֻΪµĵһҺڻƣԺɱɱ⡣
ʽߵҶԣͻȻͷһʵйīζҶϴƽʱӡˢ֮򽻵ô
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ӡˢʲôûϵһڶ飬մīζ
Ҷﰵ⣬вʽŮ˿϶ģӸȮеһƴ֪ѧɴ󷽳
ʽ㿩Ц˵ӯҶɲ׽в¶һ˿ʧ˲ͱ˹ȥ
Ҷϴ󣬹ҹܻش·ΣͬϲģһѾӵˣǵĲƽʱʲôҲܣÿµճɻʮ֮ǰ׼ʱϣиԭ򣬲Ӱ쵽⣬ϣܺ졣
ʽϵЦѾ֮һ࣬Ůйζһƣ˸о˵ÿһ仰Ц
Ҷָһգ˵ϲԭ˴򽻵졣
һռ֣ʽתߵſͣ˽ŲҶ˵ҶϴΪҹܻϰϣóһЩΪһ㳤ĴҸϣܾԶеĶڵܳܵġ
ҶɵһЦлʽ㣬һõġ
ʽû˵ʲô첽˳ȥϣ·İ硣


184 
ҶɰѲʽ˵Ļϣѹûڵϻ죬ͷʹ¬־ҪڵϴһصļһлһҪȰȰǲС
Сڸ൱Ҳ죬Ҷòֺʱ䲻֪ȥͷأű˴ƿ³˽սžʹеϴ󣬳ˣⳡ˼ҲļˣѾͰ˽նˡ
Ҷתͷһ׷䣬˵Ϲȥмţ¬Ǽһ˯
³תſڣ˵Ǽϴ˵ˣ¬硣䣬Сϡϡ˽
Ҷָָ׷䣬˵Ǽ¬Ҵ˵Կ³˸ƣѸٳⳡȥ
ҹܻῴӵľҪʱͻ¼ǱȴȱΪϣǴȴеŴְֵԸľ׶ɿӵһҪʱҪĳЩùķǳֶΡ
Ȼҹܻһرĵطﾭлֹ˳룬żҲᷢף˷ӵĶľͷʹ˵ֵߣЩһԸۿڣǣű漯ţһٲѣѵӦܷһϵӦ
ܺ˵׿ᣬǻһ׮ǲ𣬳˿ҲʱԣּǳĺݽɫԶ֪ʲôʱڰͱ㼸Ȼִ뿪ĴΪǮûҪȥ¿ӵĶȡ»СС»˵̬ȣ򲻵ѼٻǿӲֶΡ
ʽֹҹܻڶ£Ⱥûо˵Ǹش飬ƫƫܴ¬һֻ̲࣬ܽɰ˽ϴϴ
µһȺ𷢱۵ˣһȺһ˸׳ɢһɾƾȻϵĹζŵζ֪ǴӴӵģ֮ǰѾ˲پơ
Ϊ׵ľ߳ףͷɫһ׷ɫƵľǣӲжûմŵ㲻֪мվڿ϶ͷһÿ°ڣ¶һľǴżһ
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ٸëһ飬С㲻ղŴһƵԲƽϣҪٺһһȥ
ȺҹܻǺȾС㣬䶯ֶźܲأҪС棬Сܾһƣ֪ͨ§С㳪ĿϵˣϴһȺӵĸ˹
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ֽ˿ĭʵϴȷҪô
˫һɣ˵ĥߴԭˣҲǼ˵֪ϲãֻҪһɶԷܻܿôߡ
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ֽɫ΢䣬ƫͷԿ˵˵ûò߳ҹܻһԴýƨ
϶ֽʺٺЦʵҲģҸղ˵ˡСûаѻȫɣ
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ϳ˵⼸ë˵ǣ˭Ĳ˭ӣҡˡʮ顣˵ת˴˸ƣ˵һԣǳȥ߽ս󣬿ӵĴܾܺڳõѡ
תͷ˵˸ɫ˴⣬ֻ뿪վԭصֽĿ˸ӿڴȡ绰ͷϴּ䷽ȥ
ҶɺͿ³ϵⳡʱѾ˽պ֣³˸·ķԱ˼䣬תͷҶ˵ϴǶȥˣ׼µ˴һܡ
Ҷüͷһš˵죬ǸϹȥ
³ɫͻȻһ䣬Ŷ˵˼ҸղųԻ˶ӣȥϸϾ
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185 
ҲǳϵȸڻµȻߴͣ⵵鷳֪һ̲ɱ⣬ɴЩĵİèͬʱҲٴ֤Լⷽʵ
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ણǾеľӭס˦˳ȭͷ͵ţ߲һЩ飬ͬһֻ磬һɴͷ
ϵͷܹȭͷһǿɨȳоǽףֻžһ죬ƺһ˼΢˫۷߷ȻŶ֣ղһɨʹ޲˽һŽߡ
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ϴСģڵϵľŮƴʾѾХ䣬˷̹ܵ⣬֪Ⱥ˵ϴ䲻ʰ˾׶ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬˷ܵͻȻ˾壬Ŷ䣡һ׳ĺľֱɨϣǿĳټյõ˳ȥľźɨģ¾ͰΧɵȦӳ׺ɢ
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𶫻Ӷϵ˦ҶϴϣӡСǱҶϴޱȵѪԣһеļһ໽ǰ壬Ҷϴźǰ벽
ǰͷļӲɲͣ˽Ųſ첽ҶɣǸ޴ľеһ⣬žͷŶϹǣࡪһĭᴫȾƵӿܶ˶ĭ
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186 
ȫӶҹܻĴ䣬Ϻͼó˵¸кǣһʱķ룬׼ʲôкλ˾Ͳö֪ˡ
ҶɱŴľҹܻһ󿨳ԣ滹һģһĺӣҲ׼ȥ˳ֱһϿ˹⣬֪ܲմϵ׼ӷŻԭʱһԵ߹ס
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³ߵҶɸǰŤͷɨһۣ˵ϴмҪҪ˵˵һͣ¶һ˿Ϊѵı顣
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³˿ĭ˵ղҶʹܽϴּ⣬ڽ绰˵ʲôѾѿӵĴ˳ȥû׼֣öԷˮǮ
Ҷ˫΢Уʵûп绰˭ϮԾһ߻Ҳ磬ͻϮǰйһٴ¬ҹܻῴȨû뵽ҹܻỹͨ籨ŵڹ³ǼһģҲһ׮͡
³ͷ˵ˣǸֵĸ׼ӳȥһ٣ߵ̫졣˵ԾƤգԹͣ졣
ҶҲƽЩСڣĿ³Ц˵úܺãڳڹԺӻᰲȲ٣лˡ
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ǧ˰ɴҵˡ³һͿ˾²˴Ƶģ̵ð͡
Ҷɵһۣ˵ӺͷСﳮƱ٣ûŪƻʳ
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ҶЦˣС°ڹŷֻϣСܣǵÿţɢˡ
Ϣʱֽ֮ĶѾָ̭һܽ⡣
һ뿪˰ᣬ߳󲻾ãϵ¬һµӿڴͳֻɨۣ첽˳ȥʱ峺ȫûа⡣


187 
ˬƮ㡣
ҶɿԵĴż갫ƵСһشؿ֦ͷӭƮζĿβĳɼǰ壬ȫ꼶һСþͱòˣе³׳СóɼμͬʱҲ˲ٷգ꼶֪˸Ůѧ񣬿μϢܻðһԴֽѡĿ֮Ŵڨ˲ʤ䷳
塪¿𣬴ðԴЩһڨҶɻվ嵽־һͨԱ
Ա㶼ûšֻˡ죬ߵԴȫ˻ȥҶһĨ仡ָת׼ԭλ
ϣСҸɶһʹƺе졣ҶһתͷðһϤңʸղŰõԴ϶һ
ҶϵĲϲһСܳ˽ңƵ߼ͷߺߵԴЦ
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ڸˣһѩŮѧһͬʱշڶİϴ˻ã¶ǰʹҶУûаһиС浽ϵһֱżȻλϴҶɲŻƨƵĸ˹ռͱ˸Ա
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ҶˬӦУǾһ緹طѡҵĸԶʤͨѣǸ빲ĺֵܡ
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塪Ͽֵ֮ĳĬ˺ĬĵͷһЦתԱҡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬֪ѵʱ䣬ҶɸСô˸кһСܳ˽ңӭһݾЩײ˸ͬʱɲͣŲӼ룬һ뿪Ц
ֵصңٻϲüңԶͻ磬ҿ첽˹ȥЦе˵СٻŮѧˣȥһףף
ٻϸһĨκ죬ЦҵĳɼȲԶˣԷҲûɾܾ߰ɣ
ҶǰСñΣξߣǰ˾;˴˼ѾĬ
һУСݲ٣мζģҾ˵ľһңҷǷ޵úóԣʳʸɾԵöϰҲˣÿܳԵ⡣
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νмһ־֪ûУҲ۷ζƾϰݲ蹦ѾĿҶһϰ壬ͨһŴ޽մ˲˿Ψһ۵ľִĴָϴһīָȥЩͷ
Ҷ豭һڣЦʵϰ壬ԽԽζÿòҶȥܾ˵ζҲʲôԭ򣿡
ϰǺЦҶһݲõˮͲ費ͬݳĲˮζҲвͬʱְֵĽһأӦþݳһζ
ֺһڲ裬΢Ц˵Ǻúȣ˸ãͣҪġ
ϰӦϣȥޡ˵ת뿪ͬʱǰĲ豭һڣ˫۾Ȼһ


188 
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΢΢һЦ˵ѧУõСһҼųԹкһڲϲˣҲֹúȣҲǳóԣرǻмˣԹһα
ҶЦ˵ֻҪ˺óǿԾ⼸ʱ˴ǣ̽ͷ̽Եѧô򷢣мʦҲ֣ܲҲǼԱɣ
ҹʧ̾˿˵ʵСٻûǰмʦҲңԵУԷܿǣؿǾ֪ˣΪҳó󣬴ڵû̽ͷģ˵ĵġ
Ҷɷ˸ۣû˵ģ̽ͷĶĸҪǼį˸ȥ԰һȦ
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ٻ˴һۣ˵磬Ҹ˵ʵ㳤ͦ˧ѧϰɼֺãԺһкܶУ׷ܡ
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Ҷ˵СӾͱˣô㶼ţǿһ鶹Ƥˣ˵һʱûţˣúô
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ٻֵ˵ͷƺڵȴҼѻ˵ȥ
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Ҷ˸ŵļŻĶ˵һܸʲôԵݣŶİġ
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ҶһϷʵ˵Ѳȼţһ˵Ѿҵ氮ġ
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վǵ̵ѧһžһСƽͷƺʶδתҶɣߵҸǰǰһ߬ס졣
ͦҪҪǰ㳤ԣЦŰᣬֵϵıûа仯һ˿Ƿ΢Ц
ӳһһŭȻҶתǰһ̽ס˾вӣģһֻ׵ķѼ


189 
Ҷŭˣ۵Ķձѣ̣סвӰ˫ֱ˵棬վһԵƽͷɵˣվԭز֪һĻ
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Ҷɰǰһͣб׷ɳȥ⣬һƨնڵϰζ
ˣ磬ǰҵǮȫͻһһǹڲٳϳһСʱˣ
еҲӲǿź봩͸ľʹָҶɴСֵ֣¬Ǯȥ
ҶɱˣʳָԼǼ˵Ǻˣ࣬Ҷɡ
ҶɡվһԱֳĬƽͷ¶һּ˹Ƶı飬ûҶɣ֪Ҷ˭
ڵϵľһͨ죬һģһֻ˲ס󡡣
Ҷϴ󣿡̲סһ䣬ܿ췢ԼʵúɵеҶϴиεѧãҪֻܹԼۡ
Ҷûлش𣬷סһֵ˵߰ɣϿˡҵͷǰסһ֣һ볯ҷȥ
սҶɾͽӵ¬ĵ绰һǸʾ˰ұǮȫӽҲСУ԰ձѣ˹ҹܻͼСѧУСǮѾˡ
ҶӦһϵ绰ϿˣѧҪѧҵΪݷһԡ
γ̺ܿĪϪٻͬʱҲһĵĺϢ¸ĩСס죬Ѿͬ⾡ĪϸŮƣʱ֪ͨҶһȥ
ҶѸ߳ңճУſھһϤ
Сӣ粻绰ûһ̫øˡ
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ͣһͣŴҶɻбС³һںƤ䣬СҶ³һСۿڣԶͣżҿͧÿҿͧ϶һѼñˡ
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ĿĺװѸ˹Ҷɸǰһñ׼Ļ˵ԲЯΣ뽻ʱܡ
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Ҷʶְ˰Ϊ滹װһ鵶ﲻЩƣΪʲôߣΣأ
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ë׵Ĵȭͷشȭͷһްŭϰǰڳһܱ׼ˤƣһ֪һǰǸˤ֣ĶԾˤӻһɴռơ
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191 Ĵ
ûлεѹԵȡʤţӮˣӮ൱ʣֳôһĬУòֵÿЦ
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192 ɾ
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ŴеĿ׺ߣЦ˵ǳ극˵
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193 ׯ
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ͨ˵ֻһңɼ˸֪ڣ֪ڵ˶ⲻֹһߵܵʵݡ
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׻˵ʮľƭĶѾƭĵ׷룬γ˶ΪĶļʱ̿ϰ˵ٱóĶֶԾһּʵĶԾԵĲ
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ĳǽϸһҺֱڰڶ齫
齫ֽȸǹŴ˷һֲϷϸӶ䣬ȿֿܿǵ١١٣һʮ齫Ʊ仯ˣԲζߵҲһֿ飬齫ѡҲΪֱЧ
ǵĶǶ齫֣ʮλʮλѡֵ֣ĳһ£ʮ齫ջóʤܹʮλѡְ˵ֻܴճһȱ˶ĳᲹ룬ʣ°ֿɴճ
֪ռȫ˿ķ֮һʮλл˾жʮλʣµλֱԵ̩顢ӡᡢǺеˣҸһˡ齫ǻ˶ϤĶľߣвѡͶƱ˵ʯŵҲһλˡ
ĳеĿ˲٣ƺԲζȤȱȱǵǽϵĴҺλûʲôԶ齫֣ϴҲ֣ұȵľǶҪõЩ
ડ齫ײޱȵĴڳ˶ڣп˶߼ڴĻϣҿѡõƣ͵ۻҵĵַͿҶԲ۾©ÿһϸڡ
Ŵ̧һָĻ˵Ҷӣ㿴ǸںڵĹͷǸ˵£Сӳ˶һ̩ȭҲ൱ȶ˸һ
˵Ŵʢս⣬ܸûĺѺĴһǼ˷ܵ顣
Ҷ̧ͷһǸµ̩ˣܴڵһƤڷ϶Ƕ˶ҲĽɫ˸ϢŨĹͷյһһҺʵĸо
ણµƸ桰͡Сϲϡ̷ƣһ̷ʮķƵѶԪһִϿе˳ϴơ
СӣСϲ˱գӸд⡣
Ŵ齫ĵãѺһִ̲סһ䡣
ҶǰҲŴ齫ҲϵãǰһɫٷҲףӡ׬廨ǮͲˡ
ѦŸ˹˵ˣȤϳ漸֣Ҷ׼ˡ
Ŵץһ˵࣬ЦųбŬŬ˵Ǳкׯǹȥ漸ѣ
ׯʯŶĳһɫбǮۺĿһŴľߵĶӮͰֶ볡ڵĺɹ٣ҲԹһѺɹ񫡣¶Ŀ˿ǮĶĺͣҲпǽ׬һʵĶֶ֣ʹöǲֹģ˵ץסֻԼղ
Ŵٵ˷ԣɵĲͶ˹ȥ


194 ʤ
ͶϰڷһľѣҲׯϲ򵥵ӣֻ趨ѺС˫֣֣Ѿ趨ãдС˫һбһʮܺʣٿΧע
Ŵʲô֣һԼĺ׼Կͬĳڲģ֮ͬĲģ֮ºӮҪö࣬Ϊĸˡ
ߵǰſ¶ĺһλɫߣͷѾòֻ࣬ʣϡ輸ư׷ǰԺø߸߼⣬Ʒ˿ûκè壬ԵĴųѾװ˸ֳ룬ı൱ۺ
߲һˣŸݵСкһɫСףСЩͷĳ룬ѶȴСȵĳֿװá
ҶɶԶϵ¶ȤȻһСкʶĸоһʱ벻𵽵
µöӮö࣬ؼȢţµӮ٣Ҳӱ£Ķж
׷ͷϣеķʽкΧĶĿע˵ôһߺע治١
Ŵϵųߣע侲ѡȿһ֣峡ϵʽٳֲ١
ĿǷ׷װѳѺΪӮϣѺС˫࣬ٷ֮ʮӮ֮͡
֣һͣ˫ץѾٹͷһҡաľײ졣
žѵҡϣעĶĿҲ׷ͣ۾ѣϣܿ
һ߳ϽҿѸǣһ㳯ϣʺ
һӣͨɱ⣡⣬ɨϻ̵ĳһɨգȫ£Скǰ
עĶĿͲ٣ûбӣֻ۰ͰǮƻˮƮߣĵ˳׼עⱾ
һͨɱƺãЦǺǵĿѸǼ͡
жĲ䣬ƴŻӮ£ׯͣ£ķ
첻ͣ飬ʱʱϼģöĿ̿
󣡡ŴѸٰеĳϵġϣƺԿģѦְһˡСϣ˳һ£һѿʲô嶼ǴƽһѾ˱ӣĿ΢΢
ٴҡѣҶѾתƵϣϵƤȻһƣѿҡСϵļƵӺͷϡİ׷пܻΪһ˫˵֣ҡѿ˫ֵҡڴ̴ٵ
žѵ䶨ҿѸǣӳƷУ÷㣬㣬ǱӣȻѱӣׯͨɱЦɨг룬ճСкͣ˦󣬿ճҲǼɲ¡
аˣѱӣҲŻбӡжĿͱ˻˳׼ע
Ц˵ڲ㣬û뵽⣬жĲΪ䣬ͷʲô࣬Ƕı࣬бµֻȥǮƶͷҲײİȥ֣ӿߡ
˭˭󡣡һλӡĶĿһȫѺڡϣǶۺĶıˡ
׻˵ǮֻΪӮǮ޵״ĳĲĶ˵ⱾӮ˵Ӯ࣬û׵Ĵ֪Ư˽ģֱȥһ̲ŻȻ
ҲٿԣŴҲǸаһִץһѴ׼ע
磬ߵʲôҶͱͱŴٸ첲һ䡣
ŴڴȻǱӣһʮǰ涼ѱӣٿҰӳԵδ䣬ֻöߴžһ죬СҶѾһĳˡϣѺµǵ硣
ŴתͷҶɣЦʵֵܣۿɲô̧ܵģǴҪøô
ѱӻעӵֻһǾҶɣһץĴץ˸ɾѦĿһ飬һܹѺȥ򡭡
ա־Ѽҡڷ죬һ˫΢е۲̨Ŀĳ룬ӣһѲܿڿС˫֮С
žգͣ٣ƺѱתһȦ£˵۾ССϣƺ
һֽͣҿѸǣӳξţһ㣬Ż㣬š㣬ӡ
ѱӣû˻ʲôΪˣúܲҡ


195 Ӯһ
ҶܹѺһʮ򣬰ׯҶµĶʮӦǧİ򣬱ӿͨɱҧһҲѪ졣
ŴһŽȻҶУѹ˵Ǯſˣˡ
ҶɵһЦеƤݸŴ٣˵磬׼ѴӮǮȥҲﾡˡ
ŴӹƤ䣬һЦĸȻᷴԣлˡһЦһоڲС
ӴƬ̣ͻȻƫͷʵСӣжٳ룿
СкĴܹٶʮǧϵû㡣
ߴӿڴͳһźڿƬСкԸ⣬ǧİ򣬴ӮǮȥ̨תˡ
СкӹƬҶչһЦ˵磬˵ǰҶɵֳ̨ȥ˼¶һĨϲЦݣʵ磬㲻ǵ𣿡
ҶͣϸһԵСкԺͻȻһЦ˵йּ֣ˡ
ǰСкй֣ǰڹĲܰǰҶɻȹһأû뵽ڶĴټ档
ּҶɼǵԼϵЦݸˣִ˵磬ټ̫ˡ
Ҷɺһ̣ʵС֣ղǸ˸ʲôϵɵϣӹֺǵģѿ֮Ĺϵһ㣬Ӯ˼ҼǧЩ
Ц˵˵⹫ӮǮı£ǮֻҪб¾ܶӮҪӮڶξˡ
Ҷüͷһ˵ӮǮ׼ȥѧУøΪԭϲѧĺӶҲһ׮¡
һ˫۾Ҷɣ˼˵磬֪ǸˣȰǮתˣ⹫ȥ㡣
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷߵ˷̨ǰܿͰתˣ˻صʱԵѾ˻̵ĳ롣
߼ˣ˵Сӣ⹫룬жĲΪ䣬ղŵıѾһ롣
ҶߵŴ£Ѧеĳֻʣ¼С룬˵Ķ˱ĳĪ⣬Ӯ֣Զ֪˭Ӯҡ
ѦһƵ˵аˣߺֿѱӣǵĳȫ˽ȥǵţȥЩ
ŴҶһѣ࣬˵Ǳߴ۾ĵûУղһѺ˼򣬿ĸׯҸˡ
ҶĿȥһŸװĴӣСͷϼһԲȦ۾λһǰ֪ǵˣǰĳװż룬Թһٻд󼸰
Ѧ̳ʣµļҶУЦ˵жĲΪ䣬ȥ
ŴЦѦɼ˵һȥǰӮȫɳ룬һ¶ҶھӮǮǰѳ뷭
Ҷɵ˵еĳ룬Ц˵ָңղӮȫҪ˱ûǡ
Ŵ̧̧еƤ䣬Ц˵ģ˻ֻܷ档
ҶɻһЦûٶ˵ʲôŴ϶ĴĿؾΪ˰䶫֣ͲϹˣŲѦһǮòЩ̫
²ҡѣأԴߺȣֿ
δ䣬ĴߵķҶ˼£ְгȫѺˡϣ߶·ϼӾͻῪ
Ҷְѳ˱ϣ°;ȴһѾһѺ˱ӣȨͶһΡ
ž䶨߿һ۵ӣֽҿѸǡ
ѽڽѵ˲䣬ƺһסֱһ鴤˫۽бߣƺЩԹ֮ɫ
ӣɱСҲᵺӣų˵ΧĶĿһ̾Ϣֵûһ뿪Ƕ񱻴ʯɰΧڶǰֻҪϻг룬аⱾĻᣬжͬһͷһѲٿӡ
ҶɸղŷѴ򿪵˲ɿİ̽ӣָ⼸һӱصɲǣָϵһǣӺƱƵ֣СɣٶȿڶĿ͵۾
ӲҲаţһ֮ıƴʵҶҲͬ飬ֻٱ߸һߡССӮֻһ֮䣬Ӯ˵ļһǮ˵ļˣʹԡ


196 
ҶӮˣʮ˼Ǯӱϴֵͷ˿ϵı飬Ҳûĸܣĳ飬ͽֻӮ
ƺѵĽЦекעҶרƫעʲôѺעѺʲôѶУǰĳҲʮ
СӣӮˣŴѦɸһ˹ţСܣһƤ䣬һֻŸװпȪˮϴ
Ӯһ㣬棬ҺȿˮҶںǰĳվȴŴְס˼
ǱߵˣȥǱ
˵ʱŴĵӣǼһѾг룬ƫƫռ˸λŷ˺ǲˬ
ƺЩˣǷ˵ˣͷȲˣһׯӮһѣעϿ죬ֿ˵ѻҡһģ
СʱۼۣʱԷֻȥ̨һ£ȡʣµѺͺá
һѺע˺ܶ࣬Ҷ˼ѺˡСϣͷĬõĵͻȻ̧ͷС۾˸תһװС˵˼䣬С˵˵ͷ첽̨˹ȥ
һСӣԴС߿һӣ£Ӯĳ룬Ѻеĳ⸶ȥһɵķַѺעжĿͣѺע٣ÿǧ٣һݲСĺׯӮ˷ͼˣǼԴϲ顣
Ӱһλް߰׵ĿͽȻһ˫۽ӣܾǰչһݺһλǶ̳Ӱɽ
ӰλʸʯŶĴĶѰĿͣܿ뵽Ķ̳һλ߳Ƶ缶Ķ
˵ӰִĲֹһڶ̳Ĵ棬ԵĶĿһʱѰǰλòƽ߸Ǹһʱϵһ
߹һЦ²ֵһᣬɽֻһ϶ͽѣٻˡ˵һҶɣŶ˳Сת뿪
ҸһѣһλĿƲסͷϲͷЦܸеӰһǼˬ顣
Ѧ̧Ҷɼͷһģ˵ҶӣţBȻӮӰǧֱˡ
ҶתͷһۣʵѦ磬ǰô
ֹӰǶʮǰɨ̳δһܣ˵ʱһ޽ܺ͵ڶĸ˹Ҹ潻棬ĳ֦ܴճһƬˣͷʱͻȻһ˵ľϴ˳̳Ӵ˲ٲκ֮û֪˵ԭһ̳ʹлĻ
ѦɰӰǶγڵϧı飬Ҳöģ޳λ̳Ӱɽ಻ս϶Ŀǿе鲻ɱıʮȥǵӰֵѾ࣬ٴ֤ʱǿԳ嵭һеġ
һλµˣоĵǻɸ߳ƺѾӮ˳ɰܵʧĻ˵ֻǸ϶ͽѡ
ӰϢܿ촫ĳΧˣҲ֪Щ˱ʲô̬С̸žǲԸ뿪ֻ廳ǶڶͽĹ¡
ҺãŶҹѾˣӭע
һ̶ܲʱ˵𣬶վһĵӣվһʵİˣжһ롣
ĳ⣬ֻҪ˸Ѻ𲢻ȡһĳͿһŶйеĵ¶ԭ޿ɺǣ˶ߺһɤҲûɾû˴
ʸղһע
û˼ûһĿעȥбû˴Ҳֻ浥Ϸʱ仩ߡ
ߺߣʲôϺ죬ҹǰʲôǣȥһʶľտġ
˼עȻʼһ޳ܵķʽĳſڿӱӰĿеŭ𣬲ʲôֶΣֻҪעӮˡ
ҪĶӽ͸һѣ˵ǵһϳݵĿͣһݺڶϣڱƻ
ӭ֮һǲģǶĺܶѣҺϲӮ˵ǮмԼİ취Ч̲סЦ
žһ˱λϣ˲ǹ˹еЦ
Ӯ˵Ǯǹ˵ģһѸӡ


197 ֮
Ҷɲİִӳ̧ŶĹУһһ仰ɹȼͷŭܿʵŵĵӣ˵ǮãӰˣ˫δػӰѷɫҪӮҲʲô¡
ϵЦٶƵ˲ͣѺڱϵĳ룬ϵķҳ鴤˼£ٴͷЦ
ӭֻҪòӮг뻹ҵĿӣעرǻˡ
һųԼǿԴʣΪľǼڳ˵ŭ𣬴ӶѺע
䣬мһ߷ߵѺ˳룬еİ޳Ѿɹŭˡ
ãҴ˸ȡ˸߸ĺ֣ҲһѣɴŪˣŰۡŴЦŰгһץѹ˱λϣԤУҶɻӮԾ͸Ÿоһء
в֪߸Ӹ֮ϵһץҡ໥ײ󼱴ٵĴ죬˰˿˫۶ѣڴܿһááӵĵ
žѵض澲ֹпƫͷһԵİˣֻҿѸǡ
Ѹǽҿ˲䣬һȻιļλĿͽסӣʶתͷſڣĳңƺûозι
ӣģ
һ˶ϵһǿţǸĴɤţһɤӺȥƽؾףôĳ˶֪˱ӡ
֪ҶǮաŴдע˸߲ҵͻȭͷȭ·𶼴˹ϣʹĳ鴤˼¡
ⲻܣ
ʲôһŶ
Ҷɲ̲˵һ䣬ָһСᷭʵ⡰áʱ飬ƾ̺ѾΪʲôֱ˲Ҫıӡ
Ҫֿ죬һҪȷˣʱ˲ǾʤĹؼҶɾǵȡáΪӮ˲ʤ֡
һһͿ²˴ƵˣҲ֪ǲǵ֢֭״촽һҲ²һһˣ˺ܶࡣ
ҶɺŴܹѺȥһǧ򣬰նʮʾǧׯʱû趨⸶ޣáΪ˸ֳɵ̯ӣһ̤˿ʾ޿㹻ᡣ
Ǯɣһׯ˿ӣ㻹Ǹù
ŴЦӮһѼǡáû⸶ĳҲа취;ÿһǮڹڵʲ浽ɽˮĵزĳŻӮİ취֮һ仰ԸľҪ䡣
ǧ⣡
ҧгݵĺһֶ߶½ԼӲͳһźĿƬԵİӡ
ҶɵһЦתͷŴ˵磬Ǯȥգ˳ٻЩ룬Ҿýпٳӡ
ŴЦģѦϻһǧ룬ֻãӮǮһͺá
ûѦѾѳҶǰһε˵ֵ˭˭ӮǮøһ룬ǧĳԺС
Ҷץһѳ˵࣬ЦЦŶĹ˵ˣǲ֪áûҡӵ
л㶶˼ҧ˵ӭܸĶдǼ飬һıޣߵ⸶ǧȤԼȥ
趨ޣׯҵȨڼȼ˷ֶ˻أڶ˵ӶԾ˽֣Ӷҵ˵ʤľϡ
ǧ򣿡Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬еĳУ˵˵㣬ѺбЩˣѺ󡣡δ䣬ɿŵˡϣһǧ룬ѺҲǧ򣬵ͬڰ󻯡
ҲѺ򣡡ϰǮĿͰǰгȫƵˡϣڳһƴҵ׵ļơ
ҲѺһ򣡡
ҲѺ󣬶ʮ򣡡
Ǯ׬Ǳһ򡭡
ӶѺУûɲǮ򣬴󡣡
򣬴󣡡

ΧĻ˶Ŀͷ׷װгѺˡϣѺעѩѸӣִˣ趨˵⸶ǧޣôҲ벻עĳ֣һֲԤУһֺֻܿ䡣
ѺעܶԶϾ֣ĵĴܸ֮ȥħϡ


198 ӭ
ĲԭǷģͽҲһ˵ĺᴫȾҶǽõĶͽ׻˵ׯĪȥǣùׯݺݲȣǧĹоǸùׯԲڡ
Ƕѻ̵ĳ˼룬ѣҶ̾˿Ϊ˫ѵ΢΢һѾˣʲôҲۿۡ
һȴҶҲΪļ䵺֮һӡʶӦŮ˸ɶʱ˵ģôǸ
աһ󼱴ٵĽŲԶϽ¿ĥʱ̤صҶתͷȥֻһںͷľ˹ԼʮͷͣһøճĽţƵģûа飬дͬһƬ
п˳һڴ˷·ϵѡ
˿첽ߵǰ˵һͨûҲûʲôһһ֮ĴʶҶʲѧǳһҲˡ
ǳлۿұСֲУСֵĶһ־ͺˡ
С־һЩ֧˼ʶҴˡ
Ѧѹ̸֮Ѹٷ˳治Ǹǵģĵ׶˱һӻ
ŵһ֮ƵСֹۣǵ̳պյͬʱҲǹĺϻˣʵŵٷ֮ʮĶĲҵĳʺ͸Ͷעʽıоǹ˳λ̳֮һǧܵķΧ֮ڣ÷ԭ䲻𣬹һüҪĴ壬һ̳֪롣
Сֹ۸ʤϢвǶĺѣǺǿ֧ߣֻҪ˳̳Ļߣƫƫڹһ˵С⣬Ͻܻܿɴ⡣
ҡӣ
ǰҡӡ
ʲôҪߴҡ˵
ѾעĶĿƺЩͷˣҶǻˣ˭ҲԸߴᡣ
СֹͻȻǰץડڷյڷ󼱴ٵĴ죬շ׸߶ʱ׹ؾͱһֻƵסડСֹƿºһƮƮߣߺͷڲݣεĶĿ
СֹзԼӹ⾰ֻ˫ͽȻ죬ҼתУգ۹㵽ƣ߲׽жĹ켣ѾžһϣѸǼͬһ˲䵯¶žֹӡ
ġ塢ʮСֹϵĵϿܸоڽҿѸǵ˲һ£һ֮Ȼı䡣
Сֹ۲ǰڶʤȾǰʮǿϯλóĶ齫ֽƣǿΪְӮһǼ׾ٵ飬û뵽˶֣ǲԸĸ֡
ѳҡ
Сֹ۽ĲǵһӢһʧûиκӰ죬˼ֽͬʱһǿҵ˷ܣֶԾ׷Ķ
е˵ͷĳ˳ȥĳչɢֻʣңһһǧȻҪһ˷̨
ð˻ȵĹֵͷϣеԸ˼䣬ѿճУݺݵҶһۡ
ҶֱӶƵתͷѦ˵Ѧ磬ֻ鷳һˣղӮǶ԰롣
ѦЦǮһ㶼鷳ܶȶֵˡ˵תڿţߵ˼䣬һ𳯷̨ȥ
СֹۺѸǣޱĶԶĿ˸ƣܿ췢һ飬жĿͶûѺעǰ߼еͬһϣڴ
Ҷ˸ָתѺעóٲתӣڸоֱһᣬ׼ͣϢһ¡
Ӯ˴ǮŴ֪飬²ʵҶӣʲôС
Ҷɷ˸һ²ӣ˵ϲʲôֻѺעȥˮѡˮѾϲ˼ֻ˵ȽϺ
ţǰЦ˵Ҳһϡģȥװ䡣Сʱɽӭ򣬱˭øԶǳʤҶڶģָоеѹѵģһڸеĺûᡣ


199 ˮ
ҶƤᵱӦţȥװʲô䣬ˮѵҪ޷ȥ͸͸ȥװһȦǸ⡣
Ŵһ붪˫ϣЦ˵ȥɣҺѦɱߵȣ⴬󣬱Զˡ
ҶɵѵţǸ֣СľУעҳȥһȦطƵûš˵תסţ򳯶ĳſȥ߼ţͽȻ뵽ʲôܹȥеƤ佻Ŵٲ۷
ʯŲַǳװȴ壬ѲҹԱڿļװ߶ĺεֱӡ
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ּŻûԭ⹫˼ͷһżҡҡʵţǰ⹫ʲôղѾϴˣԭ⹫ôһˡ
ׯ̾һڳ˵ԺӣΪʹҪΪ⹫˵飬Ҳдȥǻһˡ
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Сֹ۹סѸǶ˵СҶɣƵζ



203 ðʧŮ
ĳ֤һȣСֹֻҿѸǣಡٿȻžһ죬Сֹһ˫С۾ŶҶɣֲҵ쭣ͬڳ˸ղųףͷߺƽ֮ʱߴһ
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204 ̺
Ů˵ıӰʧ֮УҶɿŴѦ˹ŴһֻƤ䲻ˡ
ŴЦǺǵߵҶɸǰչס˵ˣǳҹȥ
Ѧǰסһ߸첲صգ˼۾˵ҶСⱾ֮ΪҹȥҼ￪ɣ
һҶɷ˸ۣһ˦ڱʲôⱾ֮Ļɫʵ磬Ƥأ
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ҶЦЦҹһֳɵģȺղС׼һҹûüһڣڹȥԵҲ˷ѡ
¶һĨϲɫ󷽵˵ҹ϶ȺҴλȥ
ŴһС֣ʵҶӣСǸӰһô
ҶЦŽܵй֣Сֵܣڱʶǰһ֪Ӱɽ
ŴЦ˵СֵܾǸֵܣ䲻⣬ľԵݡ
ѦҲЦŸͣˣҶӵСֵܾǵֵܣҲ˴
λǱ߳Աģ
ϲЦտ˵Щ΢΢мλ糯ĳſȥСûһĵѣһӶλ磬ֵĻŭš
ĳ̨һUΰ̨ǶĿϢĺõط̨ṩ־ˮϣ۸൱ʵݣĳǴӶ׬ǮЩ˾ˮ͵ǸССĸ
ڰ̨Ժƾƣһһ͹ֹ࣬лǷһծЩǮԭΪ̳׼ģȫ˲㻹ǷһծȻƵ˼㡣
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һơһŮԴŤͷ˹ȥһԴŮˣ˦˦ͷŮ˵ԴŽغϡ
ǸĻˡеŲѪ˿С۾һ䣬ִӿڴץųƱͬǰĿվƱǰһƣ˵Ҫƣ
̨Ա˸һƣŮֶѹųƱľƱ̷£һյһСڣץ̨ϵľƱһںȸɣѾƱ̨һ١
磡Ƶڷһ죬ѳƬĲƬ˹еָѪʱ˳ѪָճЦ˼˵Ļˣһ
ԱüͷޱһĮ̃ϵ鲣ɨȡһ±һƣǮĶĿˤӵľٶ˾ռߣֻҪǮоƺȡ
ڹԵŮ˺ҵľٶһһں걭оƴҴ뿪˭ҲԸһþƹһ
˫ۺŮȥıӰһЦ¶ڲβİ
Ա¶һ˿飬еľƿƿһоݡ
ЦͻȻֹͣеľƱ۵ˤ飬˫ֽסԼӽ͹ۿƲʮ룬ֽһ泯ˤڵϣ鴤˼¼Ȼ
ԱͻıŪˣԭ˼͵Ļع̽˹ȣĴϵҽԱü죬ϲȡּȴʩæԺ󼸸ҽԱҡͷõ̧ܰ˶ĳ
ˣΪͣȱѪˣڶĳǺ䵹ڶµÿ궼мʯӵеһҽҲȲ˹еλ˳λ̳˶ĳ
ĳʱ빬ȡϵ֮ʾͻר˵ʯţһ鹬ȷ򣬶Ǹλùļ̳ʬ
һҹȥڶҶɾʹӴԼ˯Ĵ̣Ӳľ崲Ƚ
һǽϵĹӲߵ㣬Ҷɼǵҹ͵賿࣬طϢʱĵ룬Ҳ˵˯Сʱȥϴһ£¿߳˷䡣
װ壬ҶɿвڳΧżװܵġ̺Գŵġѹȵġġּװ嶫ͷмģӰɽС
Ҷɸߵǰֻɽվֳֻ̧һǰڳ˸仡дϹ
ಡɽƺסʹʹܵĴ㣬ְֻ߷ſˮеĴֻǰ壬Ȼطƶȥ˷ͱް취Ƶģܵٽϵĺ㣬ããаٽصҲ㲻ö
ҶɼƲһ嵽ǰֽץסͣ׮Ӳס˴㣬ܺеĴôͻҲǰ硣


205 Ӱ
֨֨߷Ĺ죬Ҷʼûǰ벽ܸоϴǹɾ޴·һͷʧصţ׻˵һָˮײһܷӳٽصĴͨ˼кҲѵ
ɽҶɿס˴㣬ҲֵվһԸ͡
ã̧ߡɽԵĵãһԲͣھ飬Ҷɸָ͸㲩ģʮغѾɹջȦеĴûҲ˲٣ԼܿԶϸһɫ
ǹ㣬סߣС塭
δ䣬һ棬ʱһ޴ˮҶɸоȻһಷתǹ֮ǰȥ⧲֮°ǰһСһټʱɲͣٴ̧͸ս
ˮеĴ㾭ͳԾľҶ˴أɽһ׳׼˹ϴŰѴ˼װ壬һ޴ǹ㣬سİٽüװ˶Ϲ֡
ڱļװͣźϵĴзֽУƺε󡭡Χ۵ԽԽ࣬˷ܵĶԴָָ㡣
ôһǹ㣬򻪱ң
ôĽǹ̫ˣ֪ôġ
ǵǰиһİٹĽǹ㣬˽СΧȺвмʶ㲩ģʼΪĽǹۣвȡֻһʱ˽㡣
ҶߵǹǰʪĴԴģ治סģһԺгһɫȦΧƵС㣬С㰺ͷβͣСƺڰġ
ѣһΪơϵʾԺҶɻһתͷɽ˵үӣ
ɽϵı΢΢һͣܿ¶һĨЦݣͷ˵㣬ôˡ
ҶЦЦлүӡ˵ֱߵأ˵ҷ㣬ԺСĵ̰ˣҪǱ˵ҿɾû취
˵չǰһƣٽصĴڿлһ׹뺣УָͣɵĴͻȻߣٴ£תȥԶƽһֽȽȽ·ʧˮӵľͷ
ҶŴ㼹ʧУһĨЦݣһǼ˿ĵ飬Щ̾ϧȫ˹ȥ
һֵĴ㣬㲻ÿϧô
ɽ˫ߵҶԣ̾һҲΪһĴеϧ
Ҷ˦˦ϵˮ飬Ц˵Ϳˣô˳ǲŽпϧ
ɽ¶һ˿΢Цид˵Ҳԣ˵˵ܽǮȴϲýǮԭںĶһѾȤֺαذȨأ
ҶЦЦûд𻰣ʵûдյʾհ죬ߴоͦĵģҲһ¡
һβ㣬ɽҲû˼£ʰ߶Ҷ΢΢һЦҶСѣɷͷȥȱô
Ҷ̧ӣʵȲû˼ôͷСԺʲôȤⲻǰ
ɽЦе˵еģֲܱζ
Ҷ¶һЦݣ˵УҸ͡
ãɣɽ߰ݸҶɣ򴬲ȥ
ʯϵĲ߻ɫһȲ裬װСĵСߵУƵǰȡȲԵա
ɽֽһԱƳϵСĸȡ˼ϣȲ裬ЦʵҶСѶ֪߳ʦλ
Ҷ˸С󶪽ţҡҡͷ˵ֿ죬Ϲϵֵ֪λ֣Դ󷽳ϡ
ֿ죿ɽһĨ죬ִӶСһСԼǰ˵Сʾһ٣ǰС
һĨӰЮӹɽһֻڴݼԾǰСѾҶɳԽһҧһߺޣóԡ
ɽӹһĨ⣬˸ǰҶҼһ̽˹ȥס˲أɲǣͽȻһѾһֻοס
Ҷֻܷһ˵Բһ
ɽ΢΢һЦˣҿһŶԡ


206 ӿ
Ҷɵֿ죬ӰɽҲ˵ڷ˲ǰ̧ߣֻСҶֹ¿䣬׽סֻ֣ƴ٣ռϷ硣
ˣҿ졣Ҷɲ֪аΪٱһߣܹкܶණɳԡ
ɽ˫΢УЦҡҡͷ˵츳бԼѵöþӮҡ
ҶνЦЦ˵ҶԶĲѹûȤҲʯԺ󶼲ٶˣûл˼ѵЩ
ɽϵЦȻ˵ǶǮĹѾˣͣǣ浽壬㲻ĹҲưոݣһǨŭԶĵϣļλҲ⡣
ҶɺùѶʵһʲôƨΪľְѹӿ۵Լͷһջ𣬳ʵûϵƾʲô鷳
ɽһ˵ģֻҪʯϹ˲Ұ˵ʱļ¼񣬹еȷЩΣϧҲκɵ㡣
Ҷҧҧ˵үӣĻڴȥ¼ҿɲϡͿ˰ѺڹԴϡ
ɽͷ¼û⣬Ҫڹϴ֮ǰ
Ҷֺץվ˵ǻʲôϾߣ˵ʵҺǸйеļһҲĪıڹﰵö⣬Ӽ¼Ҳɵ̽ŴٵԸİ취
СʱʯżңҶϾ۾ĶĻϵĻ棬Ѿڶ鿴ƵˣĹɫҰ׻£⸶һʶע̨ƷƷһȾȻ֪ѾҲ̲סϼ䡣
һƯŲ̊£ҪһƣɹкȵҲƣҶüͷŮһ棬ıӰʶĸоһʱ벻ֻӲͷƤȥ
ԱƣŮȡһҲһûƷһ䣬Ů˺뿪ı顭
ģҶͻȻһվָĻ󺰵ƣˣ¼񵹻ȥ죡
һԵɽһͣæԸԱѻ浹ȥܿ쵽˷Ա˵Ƶľͷ
ţˣͣҶָȡƵŮ˴˵ѾƱָŴ󡣡
ŻŴһױ˺Եϸڸˮ棬ŮȡƱʱĴָָմ˾Уָܿ뱭һƣҶָױ˿һССĴ
ɽһݣ˵ϰиŮйصļ¼ҳҽȥҾƱƬ¼ʬ塣˵ȥкܿһмƻıɱִʱڴϣֻҪҵһжס
Ҷظ˿ӿڴͳСĳ
һֱʯżװϣӻ߳һŮһףͷһֵ׳꣬ŮԼʮͷֱ׼ĵۣէһۿȥмѹVϵϣвظƽƽСͷͣһźƤ䣬ӺϾɣ治ٵطƤŸ롣
ͷǹμɣǰ޵ĶӣҲеϴ󣬼ҵһ˳λ̳ˣյͣϢ׺䶥һҹλƽ״ļѵĶΣʰʹһ³˽ֱʯš
װСֹۺͼװѾȺʱ»ǰӭӡ
װСֹǰԹһ˵ɸ¡
ɻִĻޱ˵ȥС̶̵ļְżӰĿ죬ǿסķڲݵѾһ˿Ѫۡ
Сֹûٶ˵ʲô˸ƣ첽ǰ·
ʯϷưƱƬѾҵͨƬϵĲҺóۣ鲣ϲҺкδ֪ҩɷ֣дһ顣ɽѾȫ׷Ů˵䣬ǸҩŮ˺ӴƵӰȫޣҲ֤ݵֻ˵ͣ
ڲ鿴˹ʬм¼ֵ쳣ƽûҪʯκ⳥һڴ϶ʮСʱϣʯṩʬסʳı
ڹʯŵ޷ܾҲֻܾܾܷܰʩ֪Ϣڷ״̬


207 
ǶеݱԶǸĶǽ߾ȫҲ޶ǿ˱Ĺԣ˷ĶĿǴ񫡣
齫ĳвûгӮʮѵ˶Ŀͣһûг˶Ŀͣôɶĳר˲ζġ
Ѧ϶һ˳ߵŴǰЦ˵磬漸ȥ
Ǹ˰̾۵ĳ˵ͷ׼ϼѡ
ŴЦЦѦɣ˵СӲ˵ĳҶôôˣ˵ʱѾһֻ˳ץһС
ѦɺٺЦҶ϶һ۸ҲţС漸ѴһʱҲã˵ҶӾĳˣǱߵȡ
Ŵųһ˼˵С飬֮ǰҪѻ˵ˣһöģӮ롣
ֻҪ˶ĳͻȻȻıڵͺڰƮʳҶԵ˸߲ͣҪǸɹ䲻־кüֻСèצͷץӣζ治ܡ
ѦЦЦ˵Ҳ˼ʯŲǮû۸Ӯ룬ԤУҶӻĳǡ
Ŵ۵˵ͷ˵ʵҲԤУǱߵȡ
λٻһЦ첽ȥ
ʱҶһ׷ڣλˣѾ֪ɴϴϢ·ǰм¼ԷûҪκ⳥Ҫڴ϶ʮСʱչһλʹʧӵĸ׼пܻǨŭӶԶĵϡ
ɽ龡Ҷɺλ뿪ʯŷرʯŲй¶κϴ˵ϣ㹬뱨ҲҲֻʱգȵҺеҩɷ˽һĻ˸Э̡
ׯȴ˲һҶɺͼλڴϣһмӹɵ˵٣һ˰б˰ȫڹǰ뿪˻ɣԶ϶ǸҩŮһڴϣֻҪҵŮһжס
λ˸ּöûнҶɾ˵ĶеͬׯŵѾҵ˹бҩ֤ݣֻҪҵҩŮͻˮʯ
ɽҲٸۣ˵ҶСѣȫľҪ뿪ǻʯż𺽣ﻪĺٰܱСϰ
Ҷ˵£Ҫʹλ˼𸴡
ׯһ˵ģһɼ˸㣬ֻҪ׼ȷĻϻ֪ҵˣʮСʱ㹻Ҵÿ䷭ϼ飬ҲҪҩŮҳ
Ҷվ˵ллھȥ֪ͨλ磬ôҪ߾裬ñ˿ӡ
ɽ˵ҲҪСģ˲ʲôŮ
ףˡҶɵͷӦһ첽߳ţλʮоڶĳ
ʯŶĴɵĿ˿ɴλÿ춼Ҫĵʳ˴ϵҲþˣڳ˴Ÿʳﻹһرãʬ壬еʬݴ
һŽ崲еʬ徲棬ΧһȦƵİ򣬹ɶʬԣʱָȥͷϵİ˪ϵıƽ·Ӳȥ˯δѡ
Ѿһװɫθñɫ䳤ֻۣڸһȦǶߣű߷һ򿪵ľƤ䣬ڰڷչޣչϽƷֽҲ֪װЩʲô
ȼյɢһɵ֬ζӳаײҲҵӣ·һļµĹա
׼һϵķҳӵ򣬹һǧĹϼ壬μӵ˲Ƹ⻹һصݣʦ
˵ʦԴڻѧ˵ʦռ㣬仭аħڹŴλ磬˵ǿʦԣԱٻȿռΪãЩٻ屻֮Ϊʽ
ȥˣԼѾˣ߶仹θʬΧεױʦٻʽ񡣹׼ٻθ飬ʬΧȼƣθǰȵȼյһͿԽٻ
Լǰ˿˵Ŀȼյ˫ͫ΢΢ССʼͫݣһ΢


208 赶
Ѿȼյ˽һλãƤץһչ˺ƷתͷһſڵһһŮҪκ˺ĬĿ˳ȥٰѳصĽŻϡ
˫չ޸߾ٹͷ˫һչչ£ֻÅһ죬ˤķѣһ̴ƬȽȽ
ɫһ࣬߾ٵ˫ѸٺʮĴָʳָһдʣĺ̷·һεǣƮͷ״뵲ɢ
ŹɵУ״̼˻³߰ʬǿף̶룬Ȼȫʬ塣
˫ͻȻ󣬸߾ٵ˫ѹ£԰׵ϲ˶Сĺ顣
ԭڰ崲ϵʬ·˲䱻עĳεǰҲ崲ҲŲ
ʱ˿һĻֻ»ᵱɵȥһĻӷ˼ϵʬڲ˫ۣŴ˫ͫնԭѾ͸Ĺͦеʽתͷ­ܣĿ˹ϡ
̾˿˵
д˼룬ͷһԼ壬գжһĨŵɣʵҡˣȥ
ɲ԰׵¶һĨȻ֮ɫ˵ӣѾˣʯŶĴϣںúûһ£ôģǵʱ䲻ࡣ
ճ鴤˼£ͷĬ
ҧ˵룬ʱθ壬ʮӱʽʽںϣ룬ʱ䲻ˡ
̧;סԼͷʹ֮ɫʱ䲻ʹֹͣʮת۹ȥ롣
жˣһŮ¶ңǾƣжĻˣͳͳڻǰ龰Ъ˹Ľţţ۽Ѫ˳Уܿʧȥʶ
һݣץһչޣڰ崲ϵĹкľֱͦͦɵȥ
磡ڶչޱˤ÷飬һźڹͷγһ˫Ĺģǹ崫ʽߡ
ʽʱʵ壬״̬ڣʦڲʽʱŻʵ֮ϣʽڹѾ£ѪϤļӵнյķʽأܶùĹǽʽɡ
˫㺧˵ĺ⣬ҪѶӵθʽΪһ壬ٸʵʬϣҪΪӸ𣬵ںʽʯϱؽѪɺӣҶĴ˶ΪӵļƷͬʱҲǹڷɵ
ŴʮһӮ˾ŰѣǰĳһѣߵѦе㱳ˣĳѾü˵ף󼸸ȫ߬ϣüƲ죬ƺԥҪҪһ
ʮһֽкڽܿˣһּȤ淨ɹһ𣬻ʮ㣬ư㣬ׯҷһһƣAȿһֿʮһ㣬ʮƴAʮһ㣬ҳֺڽܿׯһʤעҪƴնʮһƴС䡣
ׯһƯĳŮƺѣıۺ񣬲Ӯ϶һĨЦݣԵŮ
ŴѦ֮ԻѡдԭǳλŮģȿԶǮܺŮڨӮѾòôҪˡ
ŮưɣŴٰһǰĲȦڣ׺ЦеĴߴׯҷơ
ѦƲƲ죬еĳȫѺȥЦ˵е㱳ȫˣӮŮ衣
ׯŮڻĴ٣΢Цſʼƣλ涼ŴAѦɺĻʺׯŮֻһ÷Сߡ
Ŵһ飬̧ͷŮׯ˵ŮָоǺʲôط˫۾ֺϤĸо
ׯŮΪȻЦЦ˵׵Ӧý椲ˣҪҪƣ
ŴҡҡͷѵƷЦ˵С֣СһŷJӮƣûйȥ
ׯŮĿתѦɣҲҡͷʣ¼Ŀ½Ҫ˼ƣңֵׯҪţȻ˶ʮ㡣
Ѧɷƣ÷AǺڽܿˣһƷһЩı
ׯŮңȻƵᣬ׼ȴע
Ŵ΢ЦְǰȫƽȦһׯŮԺһžŮ˾ͽ磬òͬ˫۾ĺ
ðҼǵ첻˵ٶĶôҪҪҽѵӸ㣿


209 ˫
˵һλͽǮ󷢵ŵģڴǮֻܿڶԱߡ
ȻҶµλпڶĳڶԼĪЩʧ̲סһ䡣
ŴתͷڨЦ˵ѦɵģҿûǱǮҪҪ漸ѣ
Ҷߵǰ˵ˣкҪ
ŴΪȻЦЦжҪ˵ô˵ʱ𼸸ŽȦַ˳治뿪
ҶֻͷЩƣҡͷ˵ﲻ˵ĵطҸطļ䡣
ׯŮ̧ͷҶһۣѸٿʼƣһŴǸʮǸ÷AֵðƷЦе˵ŮӮˡ
磬ѾӮʮһѣֻҪӮһѾʮˣѦɷһ⣬ŴѾӮʮһѣֻҪӮһѾͻΪһڶĳӮʮѵңҸλĶͬԶġ
Ҷüͷ΢Ŵǰĳ룬ͷ⣬ѹԭӮʮһѣһѣ˵¶Ҳһʱ
Ӯʮһѣ졣Ŵһ䣬С׺ڼʩʩȻִסҶɼӲ˶ԵĿλϣЦ˵Ҷӣ漸ѣжΪ¡
ģ㻹NɪˡҶһŭվ̽һסŴһֱӰ˼ͷ˦󲽳ĳſȥѦվԭش룬Ͻɨϵĳţһȥ
ԡСӳǹҩˣŸ
ŴоԼװ׿Ĳ˿ڼͷգ󺰴˼ͻȻ
Ҷͣ½Ų̧ͷһŴ٣һʵףΪʲôˣ
Ŵ¶һĨ׽Цݣ˵ʲôУŪøﱻ˷ƵģѸ翸ȥ
Ҷɷ˸ۣŴپֱ˷䣬һ߿˦ְ˴˴ϣˤһֽУС׺һĳͷһ˫ѪС۾ҶɣֻҪһ£ͻȥҧıӡ
磡Ҷɷһ߰ϣ˵ǶǮĹб˶ˣ׹Ѿʯţչһ缫пܻǵ汳ӣһү취ͻرڶڴϵȶĳҳٸЭ̣֪˼
Ŵ۾ʵСӱ˶ƨ£ϹΪëҪԸǣ
ҶɿЦ˵Ҳ֪ΪëڶĳѾܼϹӵĶ򣬻˱ǵİȫ˵ɣ·ѡһ
ŴЦ˵Լϣڱ޴ΪһѡΣնɱѿ״̬֪֪Ϲ˶ˣ
Ҷ˵˵ɺһһŮǻڴ϶ʮСʱ
Ŵ˫΢У˵絹Ϲǲͷۣ۸ǸóԵĳ˳ԣķȥ棬ҸѦ̸̸۸缸ӷСģ˶ĵطţ໥֮ҲиӦ
ҶüʵΪʲôҪ˶ĵطţ
ŴЦԽطϹԽѶ֣ʯиط࣬Ұʩܣ²
Ҷޱ˵ĳ
Ŵ˸ָ˷ܵ˵ʵһ룬һ˵ʩܵĵطǾǶ䣬ֻвԱܽ룬ֻҪӮʮ־ʸ뷿䣬˶ܻùʸ񡣡
Ƕ췽ֻʯŶĴмԺյĴĳﶼھķ䣬ΪȷҵİȫаԱǻؽƸѪӶв˵İȫǻԥƷɱҲϧ
Ҷü˼Ƭ̣ʵ磬ȷǵֻҪһ˽˶ܽȥھŴٵⲻֻҪڴž͵˶ĴõİȫϣҪӮʮѶ˵졣
ŴٺЦȻȷʹˣһԱԴڣдѿλи¶Ҫ㣬СӿɲܲҴš
Ҷ˵ʲôֻʣֻҪ֪һͲӡ
ŴϵЦȻʵСʵôӮСֹۣ֪Сֹ˾ĶŪСҶΪʲôӮѣ¶ҲҪʸ
ҶϵһʣĴӿڴͳǮȡöһԪӲָ⣬Ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ڸ𰸣֣ĳϡ
СӺ«ʲôƤҩŴ΢ԥһ˫ơ
Ҷ΢ЦŰöһԪӲҷַģ˰벽˵öӲʲôͬ
Ŵ濴˿ĵӲңҡͷ˵ǸһǶջ
ҶЦ˵ٶץӲҡ
Ŵ˲ȭͷܿʶ˲ԣ̯˫һƣĵӲҲɡ


210 ú
Ҷ̯ƣĶöӲңŴٻعٴΰöӲҷС
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ŴһֿƵҶɣβŴЦ˵֪ˣܾѣСǸߡ
ܾѣҶɵһʣһ˼е˼öͣ۶ߵñҲ
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ҶüͷʵѦܿѾµһЩҪôش𣿡ѦǸˣŴܲµһҲܲµһʣʱҲ֪ôش
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ĳ̫ĲȷõĽڣѦɾĴ滳ҲֻĬϣҲʵı֣ʱǽס
䣬Ѧ˽΢Ц˵Ѿˣ˱ǮС׬˼ʮ򡣡
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ŴҶɰ˰ֵҶӣȥţҸ̸̸˵⡣
Ҷɻĵ˵ͷ첽߳⣬ŹϣеŴȥ˵ãҲֵøſڵĿţһʱ䡣
Լôһӹ⾰ٴ˶ĳѦɻ˳룬ŴҴŮׯۼһλ¼һСܳ˹ȥ
ˣˡŴЦӯӯĸׯŮкŵֱظ顣
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ŴûڶԴӵּۣ־ѦɶųҶɶ䣬ǼȷУһ취ûС
֣ׯŮٴδУŴèӣ޲óȥѦеĳŪˣھǹġ
֨ŴеС׺ͻȻһУͷһԭԼСĳСһһëѹʹüС
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Ŵٷתһ䣬ŷѦɺҶɲվԼϴϷʵЦݣѾ쵽ֿɼλá
ڣŴһ䣬ץһҲתȦ¶һĨõЦݣŮ෢һơ
ׯŮһЦʼƣһŴٺûǰĺ˸ߵ㣬ҿһǿźʮׯƷʮһֻҪƣаٷ֮ʮϵĻᱬܵ档
Ŵԥһ£΢Ц˵ŮҪһš
ׯŮָһƷŴ壬˸ʮֱӱӮʮѵϣʹ
ҶһֱעׯҷƵĶҪҳһӮ·ӣ˵һ׵ķһƿѾҵҪĶ
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ڴŨصԳʲô塱ʵ˸о
Ҷüͷ΢΢һš˵ֻ죬ϵţɱ裬Ŀãƣһúͽк˵ͷôһû˵
һͣһúҪγѪһͷȥ
˵漸֡˵Ŵ٣Ѿ


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ҶҲǰ£еĳȦעϣׯŮʼ˳ƣҶһźJסһǽҿǸAһѾõ˺ڽܿˣƫͷһԵĺУֻǸAпҲǺڽܿˣһׯѹĴ
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Ŵǰ벽˵̧ǿ˼ǸŮӵĶ취úýѵһڳ⡣
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һͣͷ˿ƣֻ۾Ȼɴ˼壬ֱ̧˼۾ٿһź塣
۾ٿʱ۰ѾʺѪ˿źؾϣλҲƶ֡
ׯʮŵ㣬ڽܿˣׯŮһѸϵĳ룬֪Ļ⣬ѺǰĳֱӲҶǰĲȦ
ϧˣӮʮˣʲôƵͷѹࡣŴ̾˿ȴ˷ܡ
ѦƲƲ˵þͳװBԱ𲻶԰״
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ĿͶźУ־ʿͬǺΣյġ
ҶۣӮĳŻУʣ¼ȦѺ˸עҪӮһ밲ȫʸûҪׯ̫ࡣ
Ŵץһѳм˺ԣЦ˵ιû˾ʶȤվéӲʺǲԵġͷС׺α֨֨·ڴߴٺп߿
ϵⲻͣ鶯վתͷݺݵĵһ۰׺̧׼뿪С׺˳αﻬ̧צƨץȥ
пӷһѲ죬ƨϵĲϱצƴһ飬¶һãһƨɵӡֻ۾ͨèС׺ƺͻȻֵĴèһ֨֨˻Уë׵Ĵβסͷ¶档
С׺ɰģͬ˹ЦׯŮҲ̲סЦ
ŤͷۣǸƨɣһ϶ʱ¶һּƵı飬ƨһ̳ĳȥ
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һЦľּϵƺǢ࣬ӮǮЦǮҲЦ֪Ѿȥü֡
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˼СڡҶɽҿƷϣ¶һĨЦݣûһӦѾӮʮѣ֪Ϊʲôĳû
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ҶתͷһŴѦɣƤգһƤѾɽԱ첽
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ллֻҵȻܡ


212 ǧ
һне÷ǳ˳ҶԸòμӶǶǿʸ񣬳ŴѦû֪μӱĿģʲôμӱΪĥһʱѣΪڶĴȫķڶһٷӵ²С
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ǶӰ켫ÿһλֶǹ¾սһרҵСŶӣǶ̳ǣ̲ž޴ľ棬ˡʦʦʦΪǷСŶһжΪ󻯡
׻˵úãûԶĵˣֻԶ档һճԼǿŦܰ׷ǽϵһĳ̶ֳֹϵʱճԶ顢顣
¶⣬ҶɱûŶӣǺúİʵ׮ﲻæߺȼǿԵġ
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˱ŵһĺ׼䣬ɽǰ漸׼䶼ǰĶֺǵСŶһסʩһӦȫ򿪹۾һĴ󺣣ܾƻ⡣
˶İŷǳ⣬رǿţԻ󲻾þ͸ڵĸʳϾһڹ۾Դ
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Ҷӵ˵࣬Ц˵˽̸ϣǰ¹ʱǶϲ齫żҲ漸ѣǶһЩġ˵ְӶϣһתֹǸߵ㡣
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齫һͨĶľߣɽĽ±һ㺬壬齫˳ǧ齫˷ëǣڶУ齫һɽǷ帩Ҫȳ˶ǧٱѪơץơơƣÿһͨĲ趼һѾ˺ԲƵĶ
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ڴҰƷɢϴȣÿʮ˶աɽȷתǰ齫ƣƵ룬«ƷתϴȣŴѦɽƺһƸסϴ˼顣
ܿƱ˵ðڳһΣɽҶЦЦһưϣʲôͬ
ҶȦУײһͣ㣬һŵת˼Ȧ齫ͣ£ĵ㡣ץƣʵ˾档
ŴһɫͲӣѦһɫӣɽһɫ֣Ҷץһɫ߶ԣһϴƣͬõһȫͬڶֱǲ˼飬ȷȷʵʵ˴ǰΪһλ綥Ķ֡
ĳһ仰ʮľƭʵⶼһйأֲܶģĳ֣¸֣ǧ֣֮Իƾ޷ֿ֣죬ҵֹ죬ƿ쵽޷׽ĳ̶ȣһһĹɣֱƵǰһ˲ҲŻơ
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νԿһ߼ƭҲɳ֮ΪǧĳĻлһ䣬ǧʧ֣µĿϹ˵츳Ϊľǽʧֵļʣ׻˵ǧǱһʧϱûвʧֵĶֻͨϵϰʧֵļʽ͡
ĳ飬ǧٻ⣬ǹ̿һ


213 鵶
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Ҷһ˵˵Ҵˣһ֮ǰҪ֪ԼΪʲôҪһɾԼרעܰãô
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Ҷ¶һĨȻЦݣͷлˣ϶ǰһҵԼרעɡ
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һ仰˵꼴ת뿪˵ĸĶѾһ䣬ʣµԼȥĥ
ꡪһѴ˵עȫ˹ȥֻţһﱧһֻеùۣһԻ˵еóԾǿֵġ
Ҷץװ齫ĺ˦˹ȥƫڿţϣаԲ۾ҶӣСʲô
Ҷɴ˵ųԣСӹ
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ʱǶǿ¯ŮλϢϰ˵㣬ʼ齫Ȼλһλĳѡ˶ĿͲμʯĳΪ˶Ŀ׼һǧ˰룬˿ǿֱʣֻ֪ǮʵǱδĽ
ʵ˶Ŀ;Ǹ͵ģϵľ޶ڱʣ޼ǰ涨˶ĿͲμɼǰܹǿǸͷΪ֮ƴǶɷȫԺԲơ
˶ĿͿƾڶĳӮʮѣҪĶǰӮóǳ漣ĳṩǧиϳʮȦ齫ʣµĳſԶһǮҲ˵ʮȦ齫ʣĳ˶ĿӮõĽ
˰ƴʫϺȻġĳһ齫ʫ߲ţҹ齫Ӯ֪٣
ʯź׼齫죬ಲ˷ܵĴ齫ǶһرĹأƨΪҶõһȦڱƨƿƨȦ๫׼ٺƣⷢӡ
ŴѦɹͬоĳɹرĹ͸رҶӣ氮ţǸ첲յĻɫӦλ綨µĹأҶÿһѾҪպƵλһԱԻͷòϡ
տʼҶɳľ㣬ãһһأһСʱЩƨľϣ֮żܺһѣô̻ص㱾Ǯⲻ˱õˡСʱƿʼתʮܺѡ
Сʱ󣬱ͷŴƷӣ齫أԴһƵҶɣĬͻȻЦ
ˣϲҶɿƨ
̶СʱҶץʮȦڿƨʮѣ֤Ѿȫ˿ƨоϣ齫ҪӮǮܼ򵥣˭ƶ࣬Ȩ㣬ʽΪʮ֮һ
齫ֻķֻҪܺƾͺãѾãβμýóһ뽨ѧУµǮȫҶɣȻҲųǮþ⡣
ˣ屻˰죬Ѧ߹ȥ˷ţվԲʷˣһƤ۾ȳƣһƤ۾˶ǹͷĸߴ׳
ʮӺʼ׼ǻḺҽ䡣˵ǻƤ۾ˣ˵Ũص׶
Ҷߵſڣͳ鵶˻˻ΣʵСܴôҵĻ
ӽӹСۣ˵ӦôڲϣǻԴ䡣


214 Ů
ѦɴӲժһӴֵİ׽Ҷɣ鵶ͷϹڲϣСһµĻԲʷӵͷĬڣתǰ䡣
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μӰǿĶжŮҶ㲻ʲôȺԱλжһͬ㣬ݣСֹжݾģ߰ͬλŮĶˣòˮһĻŮһǴ۾߱ӡŮ߸ߵظбƣͶ㶼Ƿ顣
λվһվڶҶ뵽һЦһ飬һȺ˸һòһŮ˷ڻĵϣ¹ȥϵ鿴Ů˽绨ݹһȺƻ̧ɳ̲ˣȻְһȺŮ˺һ׳˷ڻĵϣͬºϵ鿴һȺŮΧڸ߸ߵҬ£ˮʯͷŴУݹֻңŮôջвҲ
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ҶֳϯһָʵǸͷļһ˭ָһް߰׵ˣһгӰͷľһǵڰڸСֹ۶ԶʱһҲڶϡ
ѭָķһۣЦ˵ƫСֹųԱ֮һڻѧ꣬ǰԶʱһԱߣгǰݶԲԣ
Ҷɵģøƫõø̻̣ͷŧϹӡƽʱˣôð仪˵ĶĻɫʵ̲סƿһͨ
ֱֵߣЦ˵ǽˣ
СֹˣҶһѾ쭣ϸһƢҲСߣұ񣬶֮λߵļʹҲֻҧš
ˣ̫ݡ˵λŮü΢˷һۣϴһ˿Ĳá
ƺΪɵҶɼ˼۾˵ˣֵ¼£ʲôҪʵֻܿڡ
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ͷѹ˵Ƕһ۹ǰ״ӣĺ磬һϼصƺָ
ŶҶһ䣬̲ס࿴ĺۣŮ˺Ưĳ඼ǻˮģ֪Ϊʲôȴһݱ뺷ĸоҲǴ
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215 ƨ
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Ҷɲʲô̳ˣҲŵҪľǶͼƨʱ䡣
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Ҷֳһ˿ƣתһźAƵݻɽ첽ߵһŶ£˲Ժһͷ˫С
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ڶһץԵ齫ƣǷƣһţץׯĶֶԵһׯҪȲ˵źǸͷõһׯõʮƣᷢȨ־ҪȫԸ
ץƱƴٺ٣Ҷɽгʼ˲Ѿһ齫ץУûмŷƣɨˡ
ӡŮȰе齫Ʒת磬ͷׯԵƵСֹۣޱ鷭תе齫ƣϷ磬ׯҲǱ롣
һҶɣ΢Цŷеƣ硣ҶЦЦеĶ磬ŷƱһԵĺɹڿȱ
Ҷץӵ˵࣬ӳӵת˼Ȧͣ£ߵ㣬ӶԼƣСֹ¶һ˿ЦһѡԼǰϼҵƣûдӶԼƵĵ
νпŵп֣ҶȻͷׯӾͱ¶ԼǸ֣νϼҵķüͷ΢΢ššȻҲ֮⡣
Ҷƺ·ԣô˳ôãܿʮõϣׯţһ룬ͷֻǰƣûλѾϡ
ӹȥҶƺûеƣһŶѾϴƵСֹ˵˳ǱȦˣ򡣡
΢΢һЦ
ҶƺѾϵƣ̧ͷСֹЦЦ˵ǰʵ̫ˣ򶼴򲻳
˵е齫Ʒˣķ
ͬʱһ棬ȻڶץƵֻһǶ߾һ졣
ţĸ֡ĴָԵһ䣬һȡŵҶǰȡӦĳ붪Ҷɸǰɹʱ߹ϴƵƣٶȿþˡ
Ҷպó룬ģֻȵûа·ͬλû˻֡
գйȦͣʮһ㣬ǴӶԼǰץƣһҶɺܿ棬һžͲ
ӡŮĿΣŴһžͲСֹޱĴһۼ
һȣƳۼִȦСָմüͷ˵һۼһζ
ҶһƣЦеƷǰ˼ƨڶźƣٶȿզ࣬һƴ꣬ɹǰϴƵƣһڶڼ
ƨҲǺƣӮ̫룬ǮͺãܹʮѣҶѣϵʽ˲Ϣ䣬˭ӮǸδ֪
ɹϴƵƿרҵʡȥ˶ʡĲ裬ͬʱҲ˸δ֪ءоĶǰѡʤȴƵĻᣬڵȴСֹҲڵȴǺܿ췢ֵȶᱻϵƨҡ


216 ƻλ
ƨƨƨ
Ҷɼֱ˵֮ƨ֮ôҲʲôƣܻƨλʵġʹĸµġ
ſƨĵλɫѿû٣ϵĿƨȫƵĽ࣬Ҫÿһƨľҿ齫ׯҾѾ䵽ס
žյƽкͣҲһƨôˣƨСҲ׬룬Ҫׯ֣кƨСֹͬӡŮз·򣬿ƨ
ϴƵãһѳһֵ˲ƴƣȻ˺ƣ˵ͨ˴齫ģϯϵǴעеΪ̫ˣɫһλȫѹסλ֣߰ѿƨ״λǣ˲òƨһĽ֡
ʱССĶ·û̵սλ˿ʼһɽ¶ˮĲģעÿƵĶΪȥͷƵģµĹھмң֪Ǽλڱ˴˶Ƶͬʱʤ
Сֹ۴һžչЦüһ͵šƸͣһɫһӮƯ
СֹϵļС鴤£ԹԸ˳룬ϲɫȴЩˣѾƣһҲҪƣпܻᱻ̭֡
ĺɹǰϴƣƫͷҶգգ˵СֹҪˣһѾͿˡ
Ҷҡҡͷһ˵ҿû취һɫƨ˵Ǵʵһɫȷ鷳Զƨʡġ
ЦУֻҪܺƾͺãǲСֹׯ˵ʱƵСֹۣ˾Ҫѿ
СֹϿɫǳңԳԼԼķЦŵ˵ͷҶע⵽Сָβ΢΢˼£ֱ˹ȥ
ƾּһҶɰץȫϣʮ齫֣һŷơ
ӡŮŷƣһž
Сֹ۶룬ȥƣöߴһͺȣ򡣡ղķƣѾ˽ЦеĴһơ
򣡡
žણճʱܲСĵԼһƣȻžž򣬻˼ԣֹСֹץƣò˵ִ򷨺ûΥһǸЦЦѲСƷ
ҶһЦһƿһ۷ǸͲ齫˷ת˵ƨ
ʮ㣬ȫڵעʱ˹ȥһƨӲСҶӽг˺ʹƵơ
СֹۺٺҲ̲סˣһ˫۶ŷպʵվʲô˼
ƲƲ췴ʵûʲô˼Ҿϲ𣿡˵ʱˬȡϣ˼ܼ򵥣ԸľҪ䣬Ҳ˳롣
СֹҧҧҲóϡ
պСֹ۸ˣӡŮƾԼеϡҲϧ¼ҵҶֵɣѶǿƨȦ齫ۿֻʣһѡ
ҶӮңʮƨպһƨһһɫСֹ۷ڣ˶ͣСֹࡣ
ҶȽǿ˷Ӯĳֻ࣬ҪһҶɺƾܽǿʵֳ֮Ĵ򷨱濴˲ʵһַǳԵĴ򷨣Ϊаٷ֮ʮϵļʽǿ
ɹϴƵãһȦһѡվһԣһٶҪ࣬ڲŵʮѣĺ粻һĳ࣬ǿ˸ӮҪȴоרͳơ
Ҷɿץƣһ׼ƨ˴ƶҪʼգ۽ǵ鷶գλһ࣬ƺʶһѵҪԣʼԴǿϯλڱصá
СֹÿץһƿжᷢƵ죬ҧݣһƹϵͽǿΨһϣֻڿƶֺƵͬʱһִƲܳɹоؿεѹѹ͸
ͲҶɴһͲӡ

Сֹҧƣ˦ִһϷ硣
ܣһƳϷ硣
Ҷץƣöߴһ죬ಣһָ㹴סƣѾƻλá


217 
ҶɴָջأԲ෭һۣ磬ղ˻ƣ̧ͷһ۶棬СֹһЦԼ
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Ͳ
ƵǷգҶɶʱ˹ԭղŻƵһҪķƣǾ͹һַ硣
ҶٴץƣָմƽǱоһӹһۣüһһ磬ҡͷһִеķơ

һ֣һlһɫơ
Ҷ΢΢һЦִӶһƣõĲǷƣһͲƨƣһ԰ȫľȥȻᡣ
СֹһϵľСָ΢΢£ְܿĿŲڳһеģ
ױ˺ԵСҶɿͷһòҪɣѵһɫҲõӡ
˼䣬СֹѾƶգһĨ˲ţҶҼ缲̽ƶգʳָסһ齫һָͣڵ齫λ˲以λáһиղŷùѧ
СֵֹͷһۣϵıٿȻ䣬̧ۺݺݵĵҶɣɻʸҶѾɸӡ
žһźбŭݵСֹϣδֱٰͣһֻץߣѹѾˡ
лСֹӣһɫհץĺзǣѸַƣȻǷһɫУСֹһѺƳ˷ڣֱ̭֣ӡŮͬʧȥ˽ǿʸǰǵڰˣ겻˷Ҳһ׮ջˡ
ߣСֹһ󲽳ȥѾ̭֣ûҪ䳰ȷ
ӡŮҶƣɬĻ˵ϲҺĶ
ӵĶԼСȦӣ˱˴ʶȦλӡҶʾҲΪܸԼߵζһң˵ԺһкĻᡣ
ҶλӡŮգڨЦ˵ʵҲûʲôùϲģлл
ӡһЦ۾ӯӯﲨ˵ܸʶҽţܸô
ҶЦЦѹ˵ҽҶɣҲϣ̫֪ҵ֡ȻԷȱ˼ҲС治̫֪Լ֣Ҫ鷳
һЦǰҶԣ˵֪ˣʱҷ䣬һһر
Ҷֻܣæƫͷҡͷ˵ллҽûʱ䡣治λӡߵ̫ļ䴿ò
ţͱΪˣҪ³ȥʲôƻͰɣɲܺ˱Ŷ
΢ЦߵǰִҶɼϡ
ĿΣЦҾͲˣƻϼһ仰˵꣬תŤˮϯȥ
ЦҶɼ򣬵˵ʱ仹磬ȥº
Ҷһ۲ԶڱĶͷ߰ɣȶˣỹҪơ
ЦʵһҪȾƣϲե֭Ĭ糯ȥ
ԻһмгֵϢʱ䣬ǿȥԺȲҲȥĦһ£ʱȥ¥·С˯һ󣬱ʼǰԻǰ֪ͨõĻʱ䡣
մҶ̨£ֶ̧ԷԱ˸ָһ󱭻֭һâ֭ƫͷ˵Ҫʲôֻܵ㣬ѵġ
ҶָָľƹЦ˵һƿһӿˡ
һôҪĸҪƿ·ʮ
䣬̨ˣŴѦɡţҶ³̸˹ʲôСŶӶۼ⡣
һλԱܿ˾ƺͱӣ˸һƣһλԱֽե˹֭оˮȫѣһ
ŴƱЦ˵һףǵƨ쿪ʤƨս
ѦɶƱζ˼£ü˵ƨôܸоֵֹģҪǻһ
ţٺٺЦ˵ҲƨűŤҼǰֻ«󹫼ĹûҸȡ˸֣аʤ󽫾˼ӮһֻڰݰӺѪƣѰʤĨ˲ӣǾͽҶӰʤɣ硣
Ҷ̲סˣ̧ڿţϺһǣû˵ʤҰһѹûʲô
ˣŴͻȻһָ̧ڷ򣬵ɴ۾˵ҶӣҺ񿴼Ǽһ㲻˵ô


218 񶷹
ŴһҶɼ˸˵лǻˣѭָķȥϡһıӰ˳ȥȷϱӰǲǹУĿһˣǰֵ̭Сֹۡ
Ҷһں걭ľƣʵ磬ȷǹ𣿡
Ŵһĵ˵ͷȻȷһ۾ϳ׵öķˣҪǲ۸׷ȥƣ
Ҷվһ˵ȥѦţˡ˵ʱԷͶȥһǸ
ңֻȥ죬ƾֿʼǰϹСνЦЦե֭һڣ˻𼱻ǵıڡ
еѶɽ֮ڣҶûǸӰǰԴŲɣԸԼ۾ΪԶԶиһͷ˲һ󻹸һһŮСֹۣһȳǰȥ
ֵСֹƺԵһһŮס˸첲ûڲͣ˵ʲôڽֺͣڰġ
ͽȻת߳˼䣬ԭ˵ͣСֹۺ˪ӰˣԴ˵ƾһһŮԼ첽ǰС
ŴҶɲȹսǣСԴСļ˵һһ˵ҪɤѹⱻԷ֡
ϧѦСӲڣСߴЩʲô
ҾùЩ֣ͷβû˵ûз֣һ·ľ׮ƵģϥǶ
ţٸһΡ
һͨװǰĿԲʷ
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ǰƿţһɴ̹ǵĺӭεͷƮ
һһŮסԲʷ˵ʬ壬оٵϼװ壬ʬؿһɫʱס˿ڣҲѪ䡣
ײеһĻڲԶ˫۾ףҶɴ̥һĿɱ˵ĳ棬˵¾ǼٵģʱŵͷƤ飬ɣһſ༸Ҫĵǿûк
磬ôҶòʳһɵ⣬Сӻ޶˶˶ɱˡ
Ŵһصĵ˵ͷ˵һ࣬͸ˡ
ءҶſһսгͱŴһסֻܴӺＸء
ôŴҶͣѹһ䣬ſơ
˵Ҳ֣Ҷɱһ鷴ƽ࣬˵ȥүӣ취
Ŵɫ糣ҡҡͷûõģǼȻҶɱ˿϶Ѿ׼ܷͷˣ㿴⣬ֻѾ˰衣˵һָ˵ϷҶͷȥһۣϷͷ
ͷɱֻ˵һ£ϵͷѾΪĳԭʧȥãܿͻᱻ˷֣ɽʼѾ뿪Ҫףҵֻ¼װϵѾ뿪Ϊѡ
Ҷһݣ˵˼ô죿
Ŵ˵ţȹȥ˵ӺûȥүӣҲ˾ֳ㶯ԽԽá
Ҷһ˼ͷãҪСġ
ţҲСġŴ˫΢Уè첽ߵǰ˽ȥҶͳֻʼʱ
ʱȥһӡӡӡӣأһӽڴ̶ঽУҶ䣬ҧҧִؿڰγ鵶첽ߵǰһԥ˽ȥ
˻˻һŨҵȷҶǰһѪڣ˸ɰ׹⣬Դҧ룬ֱ̧ܵۻסԴľٶֹ޿£ܸоָⴥһ㻬塣
ডһдʹĤ޿͵ĳһȥҶ۾ѾӦ˼װϵ΢ĹߣһֻɫͬʱҲһߣһõ߸ʶĹߡ
ˮ״֣ڵƬԴ볤һȭͷСĸէһۿȥӣƵĹ߹ϷҶɣ߸ͷſҧɫ񣬿ϧɵ̫ߣô쳤Ҳҧë
ɫȶ˫ڹͷʱʱ̽צץͷǵùҡͷ˦β׷׶໥һ̶Ĺ
ҶɳˣԺһƬհףģһȦڹʶ֣ȦкȻһСߡ


219 Ѫ鵶
飬ŻϵһͽȻҶɸоԺ˸ըףĤ졣
үС춼ʲôȥҶԴһ飬ļ֮¾ȻʼԺеĹŹ
鵶֣Ѫ顣ϵٶĻشҶɵ⡣
ҶشͷȻһ𣬸ϽʵѪôҪҰѪڵô˭ôôʣԺйŹֵҲûκλش
һŹҶɶУ˼ȫϣĿѭķȥֻڹվһͷˣ߸߾˫ֺƳҡڶԹ߷ʩ
˻˻ͽȻͷеĺɫ񣬺ͷ·ȻչһԴ˳ϳ͵ȶӴ֮ڿնβźХķݺɨɫ
ۣƺϲ߻ɣ⧲֮±βɨУӺһž޴Ļƿ׹󺣡
ͨڵĺһ޴˻ɫ˲䱻ˮûƬƬƮƮӰд¡
ͷߺҡͷβǳ죬ҶɴվԭأһŮѪ˫Ŀգϲ˴СȵݣϡԱϳһСֱֹۣͦͦڵϣûҲԶˡ
Ҷɣ߾ٵͽȻƽ죬ƼָһȣͷĹչḩ£Ѫڻſ׶ļĿİ׹⡣
ҶԺһͷתȾܣһ磬Ťͷһëߵͷɹ
ͨ޴סſڣſͷҶɣֻҪǰܾͻʡˡ
ҶɱɲͣŲֳСŶĹߣ·׽ضϣһˣҧҧӵۡ
ޱȵĵƤѪ˲ӿ˳Ҷҧǿסʹһԣ˫סͷûõģҲǰ״ֻиƴһѲһƴ˱̽һϡʺ
ŵĴȻ£һβԼٶҶ״һȦγһβʳ·ڵȴʲô
ҶɽȾѪС۰ͰŹ߰ԼΧһȦʵȥ߼һеСְͷǿѹʵ̫һ̲Ҫеڶλᣬ׼ʱһºݵġ
ˡһ󼱴ٵĽŲҶҧתͷȥǸƹߵ첽ǹμɡ
ƣѾѹеθ봫ʽںϣԭʽɱʯ˲̵ĴϾ˵ĲƸڵ϶ĴǰͼƻһУ˴ʱѾαװɺ˴ͣĴһλãֻźŵ̻Ӧ
װ巢źŵΪһƼ򵥵黨˲ٹɱ˴ϼˣȥ˹¶СֹۣΪǲ񱩵ʽɱû뵽Сļһڼк󵱳̱ⱬбɱࡣ
ԭ׶ɱеĻʹȻǹһλ̳˹¡ƽĻǶȡ֮λֶСֹۣһؽǰɱ֯Ӱɳɱְɱ֣ͬĸĴҲŹ
û뵽ȻпᣬɱеľȻС¡ƽһλֵУȻͬһĸףĶӣֻܰǻŭȫյСֹϣһ֪ûֹҲû棬Ǹ
ŭĹ׼ʽɱСֹۣȻźŵ֪ͨαװɺļ徫Ӣϴû뵽һϼװ壬ʽɱλ֮ͣû뵽һͻȻһֻɢ浱ºСֹճˣʽ߻˴Żܻ񣬼װֶ˸ݲˡ
һݣɾɱٴźŵ̫ʹ죬ÿɱ֮ǰγɵһСϰߣèڳԵ֮ǰܻúһ¶Ȥ
ҶתͻȻͷٿߵĹɣ̧еС׼ͷ֪ҪĲˣǰʱĹߣһ£СϵѪѾʧ١
鵶֣Ѫ顭


220 
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һҶյƲסһûתͷ˫ȻŹߡ
ƺûϵԷĬ𣬼ɬĻ˵ģһῼǷһ·
ҶɼעŹ˫֮䣬׻˵ߴߴ磬ֻдߵ˲֪һϻΪû߻Թ׼λȥ򣬴ֱЧķǴͷԴǾĲλڡ
ʵ̫һͷɵ˺ԺԲƣҶԺһͷȻһоʮٵֻнٷӵ²ܸ˺ҪԼһɣһܰٷӵµɡ
ΪСãҲҪšţõɣҶ⣬еС·ܵǿҵĵʼ΢΢Ϊ˻ţȫһͷѪӿȣоÿһ񾭶ĹҰ
ɱǰϲһèȤֻèһֻϵС󣬿ҪõСֶβСԾ
뵽һ˿Ц˫Ƹ߾ٹ
кͷȻǰһ̽ҧҶ˫ȣƬĴԴĦŽװ壬һ̶Ĺ
Ҷûкˣڹ߷˲乪ǰһˣеС̳˲ֱ˶ٴΣ˫гܼз·С꣬дŵζԽԽζԽԽŨ
ʱ·ȥһͰҶͷϣֽסͷǸӰ⣬Сͣͷ
ۡһһҶɸоԼѾȫʹڻеʽ̧£ʹĹߺƵǰͳ壬վĹɳɵۣκηӦͱĹߺݺײɳȥӺߵֽڵͿлһߣֱ뺣С
ʱҶɷ·һƥʧصıϣһָֻ޷סһ˱˦˵ϣ񱻻ǹƵģһǿҵĴʹҧתӣ߳װ御ͷ
¡ͳװصĻ޴˲ʧ˺ڰУžһˮĴ촫УҶɳһڴҧԶĺ棬ЦˣΪŶЦ
ףҶͻȻоϴһֿ̧ȥв֪ʱץסһźĸһ˼Ѿ֪ŸǳڹԴϵ⣬һûָ
ҶɸоеĸͻȻһ£һѸڵϣ΢Ĺпڴһ鼦СİʯһСֵָĺھϣ̧ͷӣȴߡ
С߻һȦĺƣСˮҶĿһݣ̧еСֻҪһӾܰСء
Сƺ֪ҶҪɱһ֨֨УСԴҡڰģֵʼղ뿪ǿʯ
֪ΪʲôҶͷͽһ˿ַ̣С̾˿˵ˣʲôҲɱ㣬úûŰɣ׼߿ղڼװûŴֻ׶༪٣ôȰװϸһ˵
֨֨С߿зУϸסʯҶɽűߣƺѾľİͷʯϡ
ҶɿЦŴһСߣԴԲΣȷ޶ߣڼװ϶ǻɵģԥһ£ʯѰ˼ŵ˰ҸطҲһ£Ҫˡ
ˣͽȻһ죬Ҷеһתͷķȥڹߵĵطһˣ˼ѵǰ˼׷£Ϊ̫ԶҲģ
ҶɰʯСһ𴧽ڴսСڼװϵ˿ߵԼ׵λڿ˵ƲסŴ
Ҷһ嵽ǰŴҡŴ磬ôˣѣѡ
ŴͻȻ˫ۣһЦ˵ҡˣû£СȵȻᣬȥŪ·˵վλƳȥ
Ҷʱע⵽ŴپȻԭʼ״̬¹û¿㣬ͷһɹĵطһ̲Եˮﲻɵ÷ֹˣѵմӺô
쾧żãСǸԵ񰡣


221 ʵ
ʲôһΰѻ˵𣿡
Ժеʾѵøпһ䣬Ҷɷû֮һȻصһҪҼҴҽԺúüһΣԼԴװŪĵ׸ʲô
ŴߵڼװϵһŮԣٶȰһϵ¿ϣ׿ʲôľͲҪˣС˽߰㣬Ⱦʲôɾë
Ҷɰ鵶պãڴﻹһСߣæ˿ڴͳֻһʯСѾӰеʯ˰ΣһЩʯͷӦҲʯԴʾ˵쾧쾧żáƺ˺Ľͣʲô˼أ
ˣ֮ǰǻһ䣬飬ŻָߣѾͱ˲֪ٵ˺СӦĺӣСѾˣͲͨ
ҶɵͷĲʾ˼Ȼ³˴ֻʣһ޽⣬ﰵѰ˼СߵĺӣҲߵģǶ˿϶Ǹ
Ŵ¿ߵҶԣʵСϹֹɶأһ飬㵽װûпһߣ
Ҷɵͷ˵ֹһԴͱ˼ٵ˸Ϲһ˺ûͲ֪ˡ
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ҶһСֹۺһһŮʵҾӦ취֪ͨүӣ˹ƺ󡣡
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ҶЩ죬ʵΪʲôҪұʱ¼񣿡
ɽ˵Сһͷؿ㻻ƵϸڣҪ٣˵ʲôҪҵһٵķּⷢڵȫɱҽһױüϵͳ֪˶װ塣
Ҷͷһ𣬼ʵû°ɣĹֿѪȳӰ죬ϾͻСеһʱ޷ܡ
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223 
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ԽԽڣֱźڡ˻ţѪʱ٣Ҷֱϵ˿ʳѪ˦Ѹõ齫ϣѪֱŮ
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Ҷɰ˼һԻƣ׼ʱĺ߶ԺƣѴƣĳѾԶԶλ룬ֻӮܰƼһ
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Ҷɷ˸ۣʵ˵ɣܹ׬˶٣
Ŵʱ˾һ˷ܵ˵ܶ࣬ͷԷһڣһǰүӸȫµһɳش̿ڣ˵Ŵ̲סЦ
ƨǰǿһʮһʮʳעӮʮׯɳشҲֻжǽƵķݶúôжʨӥãҪԱŵǳԩͷһᵽʲôݳ֡
Ŵٵ˸߲ҶɵķӦƽЩˣüͷ΢壬˵Ҳ˵̫磬ʲôɳشһϾʮڣܲõǮǸ⡣
ɽһЦǴԷģ̵ɳʲԶֹǮٶҲⲻ󣬼ȻҰѺעͱ֤ܾõǮǿǮֳ


227 ̻
˰ѽǮ֮ԴҲ˰ǮʹĽҩʵǮеԭ︽Ǯ
ǰҶɻһծĿ̶ʱѾ򸻺Уʮ𣬾ǸŴƽҲʮڣټڶĳͶӮĳ룬ǮѾȫһλ֣λá
ҶɳĬãֱŴһźƬݵǰŻعŴߵ˵үӸ׼ĺڽ𿨣ȫͨãʮˣѧУͲˣ취㶨ʱѧУ۸ͬʣܻμӼʽʲôģƻ졭
Ŵ׬׼ȳһưѧǰȽʮϣѧУҲвٳҪߣҪר˸Ӵʽ¼Ҫ֤ÿһǮѧУϣһټͶʽܰǮڸõĵطȻһгɹֵܷ
Ҷԥһ£ְѺڽ˻ȥ˵磬˵˽ѧУǮһһ룬⿨ҲҪš
ŴһѽڽЦ˵Ҷӣ֪ϲɵҪûǮһҲ̲ŻðϱȥõĸƤˣǮţԺó
ɽǰЦ˵ƲģѼʮƵ治࣬ͷӽ㿪һ۽硣
ҶЦ˵ͱЦˣʵǰҲΪǮڶѾȥˣ׬Ǯæл֪ûϰæ׬ʾ޿鲻֪ʱܻϡ
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ŴһЦﶼԼˣүʲôֻ˵ͺá
ɽ˵ͷ¶һĨڵķɫ˵װһڣѾ˹ɴеĿأҰĵļһΪбͷɱʯˣӶᴬϵĲƸҪλʱֹ룬ӦΪԼΪ۵ʱˡ
үӿ˵ĻھСֹۣһ˹ȥһȱסΪѹɵĴƻгбɱ顣үӵϣ׼ƾͼƣ׼ȻźŵٰɺĹ徫ӢϮһ󻼡
ʯžһƶ⣬ڹݺʮ꾭Ӫĳϵִϵͳǿս۳ҴĹؼڣǶõﺣҲҴҶĴ⣬򽫻ḶĲشۡ
֮ԸҴʯŵ޷ʽ񳬳ô󲿷˵עڶĻᷢϮͨʽԸвҶе鵶ȴʽǣλıļʧˣһµļ徫ӢҲ㸹ˡ
ɽߵ۾ԣŶĴ󺣣˵ΪףԲԺϻͷ̻Щļһ˵Ⱳһ͵ǿʳһƽȥҲһָ
¡¡ͻȻľ죬˸оذ΢΢ζ۾һƬ貵̻̺죬˲е˵˹ȥ
ಡա¡¡̶ĺХ̻ڵҹо࿪ţһʱװϹ⻪磬żżĲҺҲ׺˹ȥϲĶûע⵽̻һѪɱ¾
վڹ۾ǰнŵ̻¡¡˶Ĥ飬αװɺĹ徫ӢҲ벻Ľ֣ӭǵĳѤõ̻⻹зɻȰӵ
ŵ̻˰Сʱҽɢȥȼ̻ʱοͽֹϼװ壬ɺܼ򵥣Ϊҵȫ룬̻ר˸һжôȻ
Ȼɽڴﴫһִ죬תӿڴͳһԽڶϸһֵԸ˼䣬¶һ˿ظЦݡ
ȫҺ䶨ڲֵףʱ̣Ѿ׼ҹƣλȥһ
ɽ΢Ц赭дı˽ս徭һۺؽԪˣȻֻǿʼܿ컹иľϲǣʯϲ̻צͼ


228 ϲǸ
ҶԾܾϵĺ⣬ڷϢʵ̫ˣֻúõ˯һָ
գҶ˯Ͳѣ͸оֱϴһ͵ֲɴطֱϵ˿Ѿ裬ָһ£һ˺ҲûУﰵƣһú˵ôָŶ԰ɣôָܾһֵø˵¶ö롣
Ҷתͷ¶һ˿Цݣͷһ¿㣬ϻѹһֽֽһۣŤ˵дż仰
Сӣ˯ֵǿˣȥҵʳ˾ĹǸݣ֣״硣
һֽ֪Ŵֱʣ󺣹дָеһƴӦöϣСѧ켸ꡣ
ҶѸٴ¿㣬ͷµһԶڴߵǰһգģַһ¶ؿڵС֪ʱףһλʣССʯⶫͲõСԼˣ״ˡ
ϴϳ˷ţ߼һϲŮҶɣ
ҶɽһתӭһϮһͷŻһ۾Ůվǰֻèؿڣǰè̱ȥǸоֻҪǸ˶̲ס١
鱼ŵŮӡţһ齫ģ飬èǴ󵽲Уټ˫ﲨĴ۾ֱǹ˵
㡭áҶؿڱè䶥Ӱ쵽ͷ˵һ򵥵ĴʶͰ͡
ĿΣӲǰ˰磬Цӯӯ˵ԵݣԵݣװҶɣѾˣ
ˣʲôҶɺ˰벽һ䡣
ǰ˴գè䶥סؿڣ˵춹Ϲ֦Ըߢ˼²ҵʲôʫеġࡱָĳˡ족ֻҪǰʱ׼
Ҷ˰벽չһĨЦݣ
вɧǵĻ˵зһյòᣬҪҪʮ˸׳йһ£
һϷʵɫ΢΢һ䣬ҧҧèĸҶ˾롣
˵ǷգһŵĿǣӡ֪Ѷˣӻٸ֮ĸı˾̾
΢ЦߵҶɸǰգգ۾˵ֶ㷿ſ˺ܾãڵȵһżĻᣬɲ˷Ŷ
ż˴ĻᣬֻǱż˱ڹѡŵСùҶȴḻķգΪҲ֮һ
Ҷһ㵣ܿ췴Ӧ˹üţϵıЩӲЦҡҡͷ˵̫ۣ˯ó𣿡
˷һۣͷ˵Ҿһȱȣ˳ֽһ¶ϵ⡣
һӡ˵Ķ滰ҶɴɱķܲһĶڣ߳Ķѣﰵ̶ֽ˼пܵĻ̵ĵصԶůĴϣһƯŮϵõõİ취ǸĹϵԲˬˣʱǷǳˬġ
ҶɵһЦǶҲϲϻҪҳǲܾġ
Ŵ۾˷ܵ⣬ܿ뵽һ飬ʵѾˣ𣿡
ҶͷڨЦ˵ûԣӦɣ
Ц˵ҲûԣҸطúóһȥ˳㽻һ¶˵ʵӮƯе㲻
ҶЦרθֲͳԷӾ͵ίӣһ߰ɣ
ҶɽԼһԷŴϲǰסĸ첲Ц˵Ҷɣ̫ˡ
ҶɿЦ˵Ҹ첲ô˼Ҳ֪ĻΪҸɶˣⷹҲԲˡ
ʶȤɿҶɸ첲ͷ˵ɲԸΪС·̶ֽĻᣬοỹǲϴеġ
ʯŲ˿һᣬ䷹ڼһŴζڹڷŸֶľߣĴϲԷǮ
£ԱϲףꤵҶҲ׾һָͨ㣬˺ü˲еĲ׵ݸţڨЦ˵ʿѾˣŮʿֻίŵڶ
˵ϲڶرġ˵ʱĳ˿ɣǿԷֵֺܶġ


229 ץ
ǶƤҶڼ䣬ӱڹȡһ齫ϣɺ֣ܳûϣţߵȡ
׻˵˵˵Ҷû취ֻܾΪ㷶һ󣬺齫ƾһ˫ֲ¶˶̴
հ齫ȫתЦ˵ϴ̵ʱڸץһһɫ˭õʱ̡
ҶɵһЦνǮзԣǾͿʼɣ
һ࣬һԵŵ˵ͷӡǰϴƣϴƵַ죬ڿסеƣϵĺɹǿ˲ֹһΡ
ϴϣվԣִӿڴͳСֻʱ̧һӶ¡
ͬҶ˲֣˫ִಷԵѾֻ֣ӰڶϷⳡûг룬Ȼֳʤ
ա齫ųֱߣٵ顢ʮ顢ʮĿ顭žҶһͣͬһɲָֻ
ž֣ͣʱ˰ģץƵʱҶʤһȵ档
ǰͲһɫһͲһ̣һ԰Ͳһɫͣѵڼ̵ʱץĸӣһɫѾ϶ơ
Ҷǰӣġ塢һܣһۼһɫ߶ԣʱȶԷ̣ץƵѶȱȶԷ˲ֹһ㣬ץֻͬץҪһԱȸС
նҶǰ˰Σҡͷһ̾˴ĴָˣҾҲû취ﵽķڷţ
ҶüͷšƫͷһֹŷգֱƤѾðһ㼦Ƥ
㿴ʲôأģҲĺ磬˴Ƿ뿴ҵˮ
Ҷҡҡͷ¶һ˿׽Цݣ˵ǲҪ֣˵һʲôģʱܵʵǫһ°ɣ
շ˸ۣĴĴ˲һָһƵ˵NɪģûNɪģˡ
Ҷ˸Ц˵ãȳԷ˵ְվ̧ͳߡ
һסҶ½ǣʵԵĻ֪ƽʱѵٵķճˢһºˣͷҸӣס½ǵָɡ
ڶĵĻϼ˸֣Ѿ˵ĶĲνŵȺҵרտĶǸҳоı飬ҶԼһѵЩǼΪ˽ܵĶ˵޼۵ģóóȻҶٵѵǴɣпܻᵼµ
ҶûзֻüͷţΪλŮסˣʲôѵѹûаܸܲ˼Լʲô츳ѰɣҪҸɺŪȥУٷ治ס
ɫ䣬ŮˣҵĶǲ֮أе˶ҵ׵ĵںܺڴԴظϵŮһԷŪˣ﴿µġ
ţҵĶԼصĵطѵ׸߱Լѵô
ͷһѻ𣬻Ůһ䣬˵ʱȴȻҶɣɲϡͿʧȥѡ
³ҧϴɫѹ˵ԲҴˡ
Ҷ̧ӣüͷչЦ˵˵ʲôԲʵѵٵķܼ򵥣տʼ£˵ֲģôղԺͷһʱ뵽ѵٵķҲ֪ܲܺŪȥ
ͬϵıȻһͣ˶һۣͬʱһĵͷ
˵ûʲô˼ġǿסͷļִסҶɼϣӿڴͳĩǷǰȽһƬɤӣ˵
Ц绨˵𼱣ȥ㵹ˮҪȵĻģ
Ҷܳĸо˼ĴȣԣȾСϼҵ˵¿ˮһ䲻ȣ˳ڣ˼ŮҲġ
ȻһЦŤο첽ߵˮԵһ¿ˮҶɸǰѵٵķ
ҶɶˮһڣƵ˵ʵѵٵķ£֣ܽץ㡣
յɴ۾Ҷɣֻоһ󷢽ʾ˶֪滹֣ջ


230 ѱ
ջүǶ֪ץô˼ղָ֮оƣƺ«ֺֻ«˲ܴ򿪡
Ҷɵ˵ͷЦе˵¶ż򵥣ףȰгСָһһˮӼϣŻˮУҪڷûǰһȫټһûԿ
һеˮˮϰСҪˮտ֮ǰзȫֻһ취ӿ٣һЩͿܱˣֻвϼӿٲˮտ֮ǰзҪȻֻжӡ
ⷨԴҶСʱ򿴹һӰë˼ǣëһץȥѵõľжֻֿڹˮмСҶԭеԼ˵νףжѶȣλ᲻ϵʵͲö֪ˡ
˻յһѵٵķδţŴӷˮѶȿֲ֪пķѵپܴߣǰҪ㹻ʱˮ˵ľ
Ŵûѵٵķȥʷѵ٣ֻҪŬһ١
յʵ˶÷ץʲô˼
Ҷɹʧ̾˿˵Ҵ꿪ʼܹ꣬ˮտĹˮڷ֮ǰȫǻץѵٵķ
ץȼѶȸߣտʼҪ׼һװˮĴףٴгһͰѳСȫװˮڣҪڹ涨ʱڰСȫץֻǵһһʸеڶǾǻһڸףС㣬Ҷַһ߲Ҫڴס
긴һץС㣬ٽõ벻ֱڴײ߲ܽһСɽСϪץ㣬ÿҪץ㹻СϢÿһʱСͻӣԺʦ
ʵץѵٷԴҶСʱһϷץץŽſڵĴˮȻСǱ˭̵ʱץ˾Ҫ뷨ӴԼҼһҶϡŽŻ죬Ӯ˿̵ĳԼռ
ץѵ¶Ȼı飬Ĵָ˵ѵٵķֱ̫ˣַѵ˲ĶְڶҶѾôˣôһͬ顣
ͻȻվҶһһ˵Ҷɣлл㣬ѵһٴߣһȥһŬܶܶǳл
ܳһʱŶΪ޷ٶգþֶζ෽ѰٵķһֱЧ΢͵ûãߵִڣо޷֪ࡣղҶ˵ֲַĸоַһ԰ͣͲǰͻơ
ʮ겻ʦһ㣬ĳҶɵлôһΪʲôһȫԸ
Ҷɶ豭ĺһڣ˵ģǻģʲôѵһɲ䣬˵ķֻṩοôûԼ໨ʱĥûʲôøлģҽһ²˵ԲҲΪԼ˺·ɲԺָż˻ǵ͵á
ţ˵ͷۿˮ֪˵ЩʲôֻܰݸмһѾһ֣Ҷɡ
ûϹлȴ飬ʻԼ޷Ҷһ̹ϣ˶˽ģһķζŲƸҫλλƺλгһջᳬԽԼѶѵ޳ڸˣؽ磬ֻ˲ǵ֮Ķ̳ߡ
λˣò͡һ˶УҶվЦе˵½ˣҲˣ緹ʱ緹̫䣬һٳԣֻҪû˯
Ц˵극һμӾƻᣬ˵ǰĽκһ춼Ҫ񣬻һľϲǡ
ҶνЦЦоϲͺãԸǾţȳԷٲԲ˶Ҫˡ˵ߵԣԹԳ
٣ʱٻ棬Եð͵СҶôҲ벻ԺſϹѵͳλ̳


231 ؼӷ粨
Ƕչǰд֮ҹȴ۶ĿʯΪ˴δľٰ췽˾޴ĳɹҳĴʢڶļѵĴ޼ԾԾԣӽʯһǧżߡ
佱ƻʯŹУİ佱α̳ӦμӾƻĶǳɹʿݴղ϶ĴҪ㣬ܺ˽
μӱĶһãʮǿΨ˸СֹۣĻɴȡĶ̫࣬һҲûɶӰ죬ֻһλһ俪ڸ֦ϵ⣬˶˳ʻҶһƬҶӲӰͻ˵顣
ҶɱŸ첲ŷֵͬȺ˵ĳ˲˴ڶ˵Ŀ⡣
ͻȻƫͷҶɶ˵㿴Ķڽƾƣįӡ
׻˵ͬǿƵŮУŸĺͬΪ֮Ĳע˲Ըõٵ淽ЩƮƮȻֻζ
Ҷüͷͣ½ŲɨһۣĺԶȺһŻףǰСԲ輸ϰһƲ̫ձվƿָһ߽ˮζпտҲŮеʧȫдϡ
յ͵̾˿˵ĺǸˣ̫Ҫǿ̫ҪǿŮ˻ۣ̫ණͷԼھòһͦݡ
ҶɿЦ˵ΪһôѼϼĵһҪҪνҾ׬Ǯ
һ˿죬ʵɣȱǮ𣿡ճָоԣԹԱߡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷҡҡͷ˵ǰҺȱǮڹˡ
Цŵ٩ץʱȱǮڲȱ˶԰ɣᵽץһˬõѵ˴βμջǷҶһݴлһҪġ
ŴǰҶվ˸磬ٺЦ˵ҶӣҵĿˣɻİơδ䣬Ѿ첽ǰȥŴҵĿһǸŮˣƯŮˡ
ҶЦЦʱ仹磬Ҹطȵ㶫ȡ
ѦɴſţǰЦ˵Ҷӣҿѣȥкɻ˵̧ߣιָϵĳܻˮ
ŰͷҶɼͷ˵ʱŮѣҺȱƺ𣿡
һλ̵ֶķǰ߹ƿ׾ƣDivaؼӣҶɼͷһȻ̽ӰһƿؼӱץУ첽ǰеķϷͣ½Ų͵ķڵľƿɡ
һ㵣ʶתͷĴѰңиݿʵԼ΢ЦͷкȻץDivaƿ
ֶ˲˵ݣǱھճֶȻڳԼЦأ
ܳķؿڣֶһת첽뿪
Ҷ̧еľƿŻ˻ΣûѸ첲˳Ц˵ʱŮѾˣȾƣѡһƿ
ƺʧȥʱŮѵĻᣬҧҧùһƿؼƿǹ˼ڣҾɫ䣬һЩˤҺҶۼֿ죬һס첲ûŮڳ
ȣǰ׾ơҶ̲סһ䣬Цҡҡͷ
һĨĻȣһۣ˵֪ǹҵģ治пֳľˣƷζȻǵһġ
ҶɻȻˣղȻǹװģ濴ƿ׾Ƶô󷨣
һеľƿͷ˵ƿؼõʯо۸ӦڶʮңõʯоҪϰˣֳб۸ߵľҲࡣ
ҶѸ̧еľƿϸ˿ƿһ˲㣬װտıʯˮڵǰҪ˲㣬Ҳ˵ƲصװƵƿӣ뵽˻еľƿЦ˵ƿ뵽һ飬˵᲻˺־רΪ˾ƿأ
ᣬҸϲƵζ
һҶʶתͷȥվһͦݰ׾ˣվһƯŮˣŮĺ硣
Ҷɼĺͷƣˣղڽ﷢ôһ¾͵Һ棬ŸС


232 ƿϴ
۴һҶɣʩʩȻЦ˵λǴƨ棬һˡ
Ҷɵǲñ˽ԼƨʲôףֳòҲ׼һգû뵽ָ쵽һԷȴָ߸̧
˼ûֻ֣ѷؼӻҶѣΪƿƶҵġ
ЦЦҶɣ̧ߵ£һ֪ҪƵģǹҪ¶ѿ
ռλɫ䣬ͷ˰벽˽ׯȫĺڶ׷ȵһΪ񣬼ǵճǻ緢һϲСĵλׯү˲ٿͷһλ̳ǰе⣬ֻѡ
ׯİҪĺͷˣҶҪǵˡ뵽հҶ½ǣλ鷳
Ҷüͷ̧еľƿϸϸһ˵ưưʶôҪʶӦһҪðҲСƿӦҲûðݣ̧ͷһ۶ˣЦ˵˼ʶ㡣
˵ƻṩľˮǿʱȡãҶѹͲƿǶİеģȻԷҲ磬Ҳſ
˲ŭЦĴָ˵ƨȻһףƿӲ֨˻Ƶ˭ġ
䣬һλװ˿첽˹󻹸һͨķǸղҶɾϹǸ
װߵҶǰһ˵ҶʯŲ쿣˽ȡƿDivaׯ˽þƣڱξƻдþ֮ڣѾƻׯ
˽ȡ
Ҷüظһ䣬ĿɨװǰĹƣȻӡŲͷΣƿׯˣһƿѾˣһƿǣ۽ǵɨׯӣһ˿⣬ӿһֲõԤУ񲢲Ͽ򵥣Ѳ׶ôԣҲôɡ
һתͷķ˵Ҷþûоͬ⣿Ҫ˵ʵ
Ǻ˹ͷ˵Ҷž׼͸ׯߵ·ľƲˣҶþƵĶ̫죬ҸӦ
ɫһʵҲ˭ˣþʱûоͬ⣬ֻҪشлûС
ۿҧŴ˵ûС˵ˮ̲סӿ
һǰеľƿ˵ǲ֪ʲô˽þƣֻ֪ƻϵľƾǸ˺ȵģƿDivaѾˣһƿµľˡʶׯˣҶ̲סҪվ˵
¶һĨΪ֮ɫ֪λҶǶھҲ֪ӡڶԷ⳥ҪֻܰͶׯˡ
ׯһЦӡţǮҺǵҵļĳаٷ֮ʮĹɷׯģ֪Щɷȫ㻹ûǮأ
㵽˭ɫ䣬ļ徭ӪӡἸĵ¶ĳ֪ĳ֮ʮ겻һǿ֧֣ռжĳٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǶĳƿߣǿĻԾׯ
ׯ˫΢У˵ˣҲׯ
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ׯ΢΢һЦ赭д˵ƨȻˬ죬ҪǮδʧ˷ȣȻҪǾ͸һƿͬDivaؼӾˣҪʯġ
Divaؼӹ˲ڿӦͻҪˮʯĸ̺͸ɫʯÿһűʯҪϸиĥȫʯľƿǰƵģҪóһƿʯķؼӸǴĵѣΪҶɾʮٱļǮҲ򲻵һƿͬķؼӣһʱѵξء
վһԵĺü΢ƫͷׯ˵䣬Ҳˣˡ
ׯ˹ЦɲУ㲻ҲҪƨһƿÿȥ
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233 ׯ̫ĵ
ҶתͷѭȥСֱһľҡҡλ˹Сһߵǰľһţվýżÿǡ
ڷʮƿؼӣƿϵʯ⣬һʯؼӣʡŵϴ湻ˡ
ߵҶվס̧ͷׯˣ˵ľƸϿߣﰭۣ
ׯʯؼɵۣһһǾʣôҲ벻һӴһؼӣֱӴ͵Ļع¶һĨЦʵ֪Ұӣ͵ʯؼӣ
ҲԷвƫͷҶ˵磬ңҳô
ׯһͣ˵ҰҡžžǶֱӳϣػֱӳ˶
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ׯһҰӼСеŭ𣬾֪ԷҲҪݺݳһ˵
Ҷɻһ󣬵˵Ѿˣֵܾ˸Ҳճ鲻󡣡
ׯѪòֵָݺݵ˵úãٳ顭
žžǶöׯıòҽһڵϣݴ۵Ƶ
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Ҷһ޹Ĵ֣ҡͷ˵ҶˣҳģֺҪûɲ㣬ɶȡ
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쿲ʶ֣֪ڵϵׯү˭ݣҧҧİԱ˸ƣ˵֣ȰѴׯү˿
Բʷԥһ³Ҷɳ˹ȥճöߴһȣģ˭Ҷֵһë
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ƫͷһŭɫׯүһ˼վԭزԲʷŸʲôҵȫʲôҸ𡣡
䣬һŮӴŷ
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Ͽ첽ߵǰׯԼԲʷ˰֣˵ҹȥ˳ڵϵСȥȡ
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һҰӳ׼ŭׯʹ¾һҪ֪ߵغСԡ
ԲʷԱǶʶׯҲ֪ʯŵˣ˵ĻаԱׯһת󲽳ڵϷׯȥ
ׯңһֵӭԲʷ˼͵ʲôĳ󺰣̣֪ˣҰɣ̣үүķܴҵȰ
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쿻һϻ̳Ͽֵ˵³治κκôׯүġ
ׯ˫ͽ˵Һܲ⣬ʰĶϰɡ
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ˡڶǰĵذϳһ̲ĿĵѪĵҲС࣬ȥпܰԼ
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ҶƲһۣû˵ɣұ˱細ûУСûԼţлȥ伸ٷУˣСӲǺȹ֭𣿡
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ŮҶɶԭ𾢵ԭĿһĺˮͻ¶һֻҶо˼
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ӺҶɴϴָּպùϵ绰ЦеĶ˵磬ղŴ绰ˣĽƷڰ˰ٰ˰ʮ˺ŷ䣬Ϲȥþˡ
ҶüͷʵΪʲôҪȥãܽ͹ôղׯ̫˵ĵҪһƷ˳ɻĵϣҪûֻûôס
ҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣ˵ҴȥþУκ⣬ſġ
Ҷü˼Ƭ̣ҧҧ˵ͷһͷһͲĵĻܳң߰ɣ
ת·΢̵¶һĨ׽Ц⣬Ѿ֪һЩŷԸ͸¶ϢҪһľϲ


238 ˫
˰ٰʮ˺ſͷǰɫװֵסˣɺܼ򵥣ҶɿԽȥֻ⡣
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Ҷüͷ輸һǷһƤļкһԿףµûĻӦԭĽ
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ҶﰵСʲôãҵĶƫҪһ֣ŪøǮƵģNɪţȴ˵⣬ڿˣ
ҡҡͷܣٰ챾춫ǶׯҺļĳʷѾ֪ˣСԭҲ㲻ʲôҪ߻Ҫһ顣
Ҷɺܹ˵ͱˣʲôֻ˵ҪΪһݽƷɱ˷ŻʲôǲġǸʣҲǴӷտе֪ʶһЦԷǵ˼һ˵˳
¶һ˿͵ı飬Ц˵ܺãҪɱ˷Ż޹أֻеҶѣֻҪӮ˶ߣ⼸ʯ͵ǸССͷҲһߡ
ʯҶͷ΢΢һ˲۽ϣȫȻʯƳɣÿһŴСһ£͸Ψһȱ̫ˣڵƹ¶Ƕ࿴оΣӹޱȣĻܲΪѽҿ˲ѿӱĵ
ĵ˵ʯиر֣˫һǧϷȻʯиĥƳɣȫһףֵ˴ζӮõĽҪôһ㣬ҡӣֻҪӮǾġ
Ҷһʯ˵࣬оģа㣬ǧ൱һǧİٿˣӿŲֻҲпأָ˲䲦ͨѶҪ˺ܶ౶ĻεΣӮס
һ˼ҶְʯŻԭ̧ͷ컨Ͼ޴ˮƣ˵֪ûа׳ԵͣԽмۣҲԻۣļҲУȤҾ˵ߣʲôš
绢ĿէȤʵʲôֻ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦָָ̧ͷˮ˵һ򵥣֮ǰȰƹˣٿڶ򵥣ӮĽҶҪߣҷ͸ͷˣӽٲμκιڶĵı
ƺû뵽ر͵ͷһζӴ뿪̳һλȵĶͬڰԼϾ·ֿɵõƸ֮һļֵȫԺԲơ
㲻ڣһ䣬ǰо⣬ͬʱЩǣղׯ̫Ѿͨ绰˵һ𾪲ѵ飬ҶɵʯŻһΣͬھ˴˵
Ȼׯ̫û˵ľ˵ǳ࣬ׯ֦ͬΪǣׯ̫Ļ֮ȴǸмҲҶɵôʯϵΣ˶ĴһıŮԶ·ʵΪѡ
ҶɵһЦն˵˵һĭһûʲôɺڵģͬҡӣͬ⽱ҲҪˣط˯
ɫһ࣬ͷ˵ãҴӦ㣬صҡ


239 ƷƷ
Ҷƺû뵽Сӻˬ죬΢΢һЦ˳ܵǽ˵ƿأǽһȦûҵء
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ҶһЦְ˻ȥ˵˱ϰûУϰ׻Ƕģʹҡ
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žѿ۶̧ͷһҶɣҿѣ㣬ȫ㣬һѾҡĵ볬ҡӣһѿ꣬ӵ㣬ⶼǵӰ鹹Ļ棬ʵûܰѼӲޱȵʯҡꡣ
ҶȻҲûҡʯͷ˼⣬ȿļҲȲĵСӣҪӮ취С
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üͷ΢ڰ˵һȣҵֶĿַϣҪʧźá
Ҷ˲̽ץѣƺɨһסӣתѰһſŷ˽ȥˡˡˡˡһһ٣£ѵ׺иϣҡһҡһߵ߳
ҡҡҡҡҡţźãźãŶЦ˵ñŸһ⡣
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աʯʱײѵףʱѱϵת罫ΪĿӵ쾡£ҡˣ㣬ơСֻ̡ζһӾܡ
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ͷһЦЦûߣλһƯսˣòԩ԰һ䣬η
Ҷ΢΢һЦѵ˵ʮһ㣬ڸֵҡ˰ɣҪҡʮӮ
ǰһƣֱ̧һ۽Цˮ˵ʵҡҡһҵڵڶһѾӮˡɵϣڿӵһѾֶ⡣
ֶҡһѵ䣬ΪľԺγһְʾֻҪӦҡΪѾûбҪҡǸƽֲ֣ʤԺγһִ˸һѣڵֶѴ򿪵˲һӣͬʤ֡
ҶЦЦѣʵˣ治ҡһѣ
˵ҡʮѽһײˣԸķ䣬ߣ˫һ֣˵ҶСѾȻأֻСӲܳϡӡ
Ҷְʯһץ𴧽˿ڴߵ輸һԿ׺ļУЦЦ˵˵һ䣬ƷǳлתߣõѾˣϽ˲
ϣͻȻƫͷԽյĲ΢΢һЦ˵С磬ÿĶˣġ


240 װ
߷ߣһҹΡ
Ҷ̵˯һ蹨ֻСô˸绰˸٣ص˳ȥսƷһڰ׵ʱٸСһľϲ
β֪ѣҶμԼСһƬͲ˻ԭҰϱܣͲ˻ɢ˿˿رζоֵǲ㣬еʱƮζꡪߴϸʲôڿҧС÷ŲߵǰֲԶһͷëĶڵͷҧʲôк棬Сǰ˼Ƕתһֻë׹ͻȻȵŵſǰСϵСá
Ҷһȣ嵽ǰ̧źݺëͷ
ϣһϤʹдУҶ͵˫ۣԼڴϣԭղŷһ˸ΣƫͷһۣϵıȻһͣţԴڵϣԻһֻƲӲӵĿȡ
ղ⺩żϻεбɴһеԴҶͷȻָſţЦ
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ţţͷһֿʼͷԸеļȡ
Ҷϴ꣬ſţţõİ취ǵ¼Ҫ鷳үӰæʱԣøСֵֵܹ
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ŴһŮһ뿪˾ƻᣬŮҶɼŮӮһμʸ
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Ҷɳױˣһ۳˵СӲ˵û˰㵱ưڰһ¶ȥŷѴг
ţҡҡͷ˵ȥ㵱ɵҪǴŮЩ޵¶զ죿϶ҡ
ɽͻȻüͷԹԱ˵죬ϸҲһŮصϰڴϵĻһ˲һ顣
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Աָûẓ̇ʾϵĻٵת̶̼ʱ˽ŮĻϣФ÷һλˣīѧ˫ϲʿǰĺĻŶӣܿΪŶͷǸ˫
үӣɱеϵ鿴Ф÷ĹԱͻȻһָụ̂ĻϵĻ˲䶨


241 ̳
ѸתƵĻϣһֲŴĻ棬ŮڲһŮ˰һСֽƬһŮʯĳΧвٶĿͣǹԱѵʱ¼ĻѲ׽ת˲ŵС
ݳֽƬŮФ÷ֽƬŮǶɱе֡һ׮˼ͷװȻżȻĻɽˮ·һ塣
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Ҷɺһվһץסţ첲ȥҪϵſͷŴٽгΣһ
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ɽһȣߵǰͣ˽ŲҶתһʵ˵ڸô죿ǾҪرˣڹǧܳ⡣
ɽһЦ˵԰꣬ǿȿģһ취
Ҷԥ룬ſţصԣү˵ûڼҲûãóȻȥ˷˻ɣȿڵ˵
ŷڵȫλ˽ͷ
ڱ˵ĵ˽ⶫûоԣͿ˼벻֪˭֪ʯһҶĴÿһͷڶװ˽ͷΪؿǵ˽һЩͷϷǳڵ׿ͷÿһ䷢
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ݱս˲ޣ׷ֻǸйϵܣһڣһаУһļϴһ
壬λ粻򵥰ɽȤĹۿһ˴ս﷢һԵ̾
Ҷͨ죬أֳ¶ͷһؿҿĻǺôŴҪǱŴ֪ܳʲôĿغܻܿһ٣үӵĻ˶Է硣
ţýζȻָŴ˵米Ϻöˣǰһ˴ܡ˵һְһͷתҶɺٺЦѹ˵ҿɲҰ͵޵¶Ҳ˵
ɽɫһ࣬ͻȻָŴ˵ͣ˵ıŴҪϵˡ
Ա˼¼̣ĻϵĻͣŴŴݺύ˰̴Ŀġ
濴λǸйµ˰ˡסˡҰץۡҧۡ˺۲ѿսҪͨôֻѾˣƾ˺ŮҲҶһֻܴŴܡ
ɽָŴϵľ˰̾λҴٲϿô򵥣˺۵˱һ಻Ϊ֪ĲʹյĴŮŷǳɱ
Ҷüͷ˵үӣȻûΣҲˣͣ˰ɣ
ɽ˵ͷԹԱ˵ͣˣɾſͷƵ¼ѶĳǶοһݸҡ
Աụ̂ɾƵ¼ٰѶĳФ÷ֽƬֵĻ濽һݣȡһŹ̽ɽ
Ҷ̲סʵ֪׼ô档
ɽ˻еḶ́Ц˵ҵСӹҲǻãļҸׯԨԴеһᵱ̸̳ǽƣʵթͷѪûϱˣδزᱻƣЩҺܾǰͿ͸ˡ
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷѾүӵ뷨бɱׯҲȥҲú󽫻ΪʯǷµѪծۣүӻׯҽļעǸФ÷Ůˣļһôᡣ
̳ǽȷѪһҲûͣо̤ӣʱŷѾմѪϡࡣ
ãҶ̾˿һ˵үӣһȥԺ󲻻ٶˣ̤̤ʵʵӲŻᰲġ
ɽҶɣЦˣͻȻǰλ˺ԼһƸӵһĽеĶܾܾô


242 ҹХ
ŴǸʱˣ׼ʱ߳ſͷתͷһڵķţְϣ˳ִӼͷץС׺ڻУиرŮˣһηǳرĻ䣬ǵܳһʱ䣬һݻ߰¡
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Ѧ̧˿ߵǰŴգգ˵Ҳ־õģһЩֻǵõһҴϰ
ҶɺͿţһۣͬʱ¶һĨЦݣһСʱǰǾͿŴͷʮĴţƵڷڸţԭΪѦٳԸ緹ʱӦòˣû뵽˰Сʱǿ˲ͣϼ湦
ŴΪȻЦЦ˵С˼е㲻״̬˵ǼƷβ㽵סǿ˸ʮ˷֡
ҶһݸţԼһϼ磬Ŵٷ˸˵ˣҿɲλȥǹ
Ŵǰ˵ǿһɹʿĸоɶæϼæȻ˱Ҳȥ顣
Ҷɳױ˵޳ܻˣ˦ԹԳװ巽ȥ
ֵĸڹԱİµһҽкŵ洬ͬʱϴĻŮǴӱϰĿˣ洬ͧҪǿˣ벻ô£ͺϵľɫ
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Ҷɺֽ̤ʵصĸоٺҲûָоʯţԴҰζŨ㴼ĶͷÿһϸƺûԾΪ˱½ϵĶ뿪½ܻо̤ʵ
Ѧ鲻˴ƿͷ⣬žƿվҡͷԵ˵ǰÿʯŸ綼þﶪӮǮ˵̸׮⣬ϰֲԣֻҪ̹д󵥵ţֵˡ
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Ѧһ˵ܶ࣬ǸڣֻҪϷɵĵܵҶǰĴץҰѾһȥ
СɶʱѧᴵˣбŪͷϳơŴƲƲ죬һмĸ̧ӡ
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ѦۣЦ˵㻹ţǰŪͷϳѣһ·ӣŪͷϳСһ缸ҪȤҾͽͷ档
Ŵ˫һʵļٵģСŪϳ棿
ѦЦǻмô缸ǰЩʶһλ¡ˣһ豸ֻҪжӦҰĻϸڶʱڿ¡һģһĶӱ԰ŪϸСһ׮ϸһݾܿ¡壬ôŪҲֻ֪Ҫ׼ʱС
¡ҰΣѾҰȻҰﱣԼһڻзڿհףΪǰûڶ̶̼ڿ¡뱾һĶһֻٽصϻܳɣһ˼飬ϻʱڿУûаɱΪǸ֪ôԶֻܹԹɱ
Ҷͷһ˵飬̲סʵ¡ϻܽϻ𣿡
໺𡪡ͻȻһۻ߿ĻХ·ڻӦղ⣬õȼ죬ֲھϻ


243 ڽ
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ŴҶɽһ񣬵ͷ˵УھȥʣǵţģǴ͡
ѦɶܾЦЦ˵ˣλõֵܣȥŽڣĻǹȥι۲ιۣʱ䲻Ӱ쵽¡
ܾЦ˵Žڽ컹Ҫлȥι֪һǸӣӦû⣬͹ȥ˵˵˵ת뿪˰ᣬϡ
ŴЦ˵ɰܾͦģ˴Ҳܿ˼ңͷĲ٣бµ˲û
Ѧ¶һ˿⣬ͷ˵ܰµȷһףⵥҸɣܰµ˾͵ͣԺľ
Ҷɶ⾭ȤץǰľƿӺһڣʵҺ֣˵̶̼ʱ伦Ҳ̶ǸŽôѼϸŪһͷϻģ
ѦڨڨһЦǿѧ˵ŽǰǸµģһⲿŹ񷸴󱻿ˣҲöʣֻҪܰ׬ǮС
ŴһЦ⼼һ𣬹СҲʱЪЪţһ䣬ԼϣڱϣһԺ󱻶
Ѧһ࣬˵˵öԣŽ˲ŶоҡǮһ취ȡھֲãζиᡣ
˼䣬ðű죬ܾЦ˽
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244 Ϻź
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Ŵǰ΢Ц˵ŽڣܸʶҲţ˵ǰһҡ
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ź̧ͷһǰˣգ˵㻹ᣬ֪ʶѧǾ¡ϻģ˷ʱ䣬Ҵǽȥ
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245 Сۻ
С¥ڲһڣʵҲ㲻ʲôܣֲԱǶ֪ѦɵѾֲ˵ǵֻʱµĵôһϵɵĵнƽף˷һʯ壬˵һС͵¾⣬ĶǰͰˣͨǸŶĺõط
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246 粨
ءҧסӵĵ׶һʹУͷС˦ֻСƺ˻ζڴϻϾǲɿڣСβͲͣ˦ڳһʵĹƤҩ
ʹ͵ĵ׶ͻȻ̧צȥСƺ֪צڻһ˸Ưĺշʱſ˻ͷϣ׹էһҧͻͷƤϡ
֮ױСҧûƢſڵصͺߣǿͬ飬һֻϻȭͷСҧˣֱܴ谡
ź˵ûϻ֪ôԼСѾֲвѾȫʧȥ˶ıܡ
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ҶɵͷЦãҶЩӰ˵һͷˮдҲ̤ʵǽЩϢ
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247 
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Ҷһ£Ц˵ҵ˭СУԭΪٰСǩ治ת˿èˣֻա
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ŴٺЦֵܵӸ߰˶ȥҪŶӡ
ҶüͷŴ˵𽻷ôûЧʹ͵ģҪٴ绰ߴߣ˴򽻵Ҳñʲô
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Ҷ΢΢һЦеļе˹ȥ˵ʮ˺ţӦû
һм˵ʮ˺ŷСкܶ࣬һ
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˽ӹԿͷû⣬Сȥ˵ƫͷݺݵ˶һۣҶɿ첽š
Ŵߵһ͵ͣ˽ŲЦе˵ղҺ˵Ҫѹ԰ɣæǳϲ֡˵ǺЦ첽ȥ


248 δ֪
ʮ˺űõŷʽŵװ޷񣬴ůɫͻ߹ŵľʼҾߣʵĹ۾ִ̨һ֣ʱԴ򿪹ӷ壬˽ҶɺŴڱתһȦϸһӲ󲿷õ¼һƷһӦȫס
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ŴҶɼ̨Զ̺죬˵Ҷӣҽܸý㣬ȡѼ֣ܵûŪ԰ɣ
ҶЦЦֳһţĸꤵĻûԹÿĩҶڳʱѧŲöþϼա
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¬׼ǹһĻȣޱ˵ͰɣھͰѺ˸㡣˵ִӿڴһСƱϣתֱ뿪
ŮȻô䣬ҶƱֵ˵㣬Ȼ಻٣ﲻЩƣʱȷû˵ģ¬׼ӦǸմôԤ׼Ѻأ¶ˣѲδ֪


249 ϴ
¬׼ѻصԼ䣬򿪷ڴϵСƤȡһױ򿪣ȡĤױ̨ϣȻױ̨·óһͷģͺһٷϣһĤӴȡһʪıĤģϣָСİѱĤƽȻһžޱȵߡ
ٷģͷϣģѾһ̷ŮˣҶֻ»һʯϸ¶Ǹ̷Ůһģһ
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Ҷӣ΢Ц˵ȥμһӮһرĽѧҴȥƣϲ
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·ѾѷԽһ飬¬ʮ٣ڽƵ˰ʮپƣͷĴ缶ȫףأҲ̴֣ǽһַǷ
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ҹܻһԱͨؼңֻ˵ε˹ҹܻǰԶӿڣŵܻҹܻ˸𿴳ӵĿϣϴ˳̧ҹܻѣ֪¬ҸӺһƱϴ类͵ϮԷбԼٶȿס˰д磬ıҲȫ׽
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ಡ֧ǰˣͬʱƺһǹ׼ҶɣмʱҩЧŻᷢ㹻۶һΰ
Ҷĵһһߣͬһ˲䣬飡ǹ⣬ӵƷɻȰղŶŵλãˮ汻ǳӡ
ͨҩЧͻڶͷԵҶֻоðҪӦѸ٣ղǹѾ˼
˵˼ϸ˿ӲŸֽϵ¬鵶֮Ѿ˽ѾʣµʮϣӾ۾Ϳַȥ
Ҷɴһͳ˦˲ֿ⣬˽պҲպ«ưͳЯ⡣
¬еСݸҶɣӵϼһϣԽ⿪һӣ˭Ҳû˵Ϊ֡
ǰ۾¬˵ϣǡ
¬ӹѸٴϣֳִ󿳵վҶԣмĻûʱȥ˵žͺá
ҶѸպС첽ֿţǰŨֲֻöԱһλȥܳʮڿ£˼ӿŲȥ嵽һ⾰ʱǰͻȻһȡ
ӣӽҪ
һѹȵǰ׿⣬վż˫۳ͻڣЩһ϶һʪ˳ɽְһͨǣ·ʪϣͻﴩĶǱĵ£ӵǲһŷǰﶪļһȫܵӰ٣ֻ¼žͷԭ·ʱɽҶɵײ˸档
УҶɵ³֣˲伤ಡǰ֧֧֧
壡ֻüһϺȣϴһʹ֧ԵͻҲò˶٣мգѹֻᱻ˽С
мͻǳ嵹ǳˣɳ嵽һҩЧһ˹غ«мù˳´ӽɽͷһֱɽţΪûȥҶɺ˶Ĭĸóһ·
Ҷ˼ǰ壬ܿ쵽ɽͻȻͣһöľ


256 ҶϿ
ʱȣҶһڴ缶ɽϿ񱼣ȺȻѾľƣûһҧؽûһ£ܻ쵽ʱյĵλżȻÿһһӲͷĺݽɫ
ಣһ֧ʸɶ׼ȷһλСȣʹһ˵ڵأҧű䴩Ȳͽһݺݾ˶ݡ
λʱͣ£תܵԣобµˣְסؿڣ˵׸Сͦŵ㡣
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ƨ¬ս߳һ˵ֵܵӾ̧ҲҪ̧ȥ
׸ȻһЦˣҲֵܣģܻȥû˸ҶңһҪϼ⻮
¬սҧҧѧŹװƬĵס׸ϵļʸһʹһƽУеļǸǿȸϲһ˸ﲻϣҼͷΣ൱һӲֻɸʹ࣬һʱ˷ѡ
죬ˣǾ̧ҲҪѰ׸̧ȥ

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Ƿ׷ױʾҪǰ̧ˣǶһҪ飬Σûнӳʱһ֧
ಣһƿ죬¬սһҽУһλмأǱСȣһȣ·һ˫ڰ۾Ķˣ۾˿ʱ䴩κ˵ȣһ־棬ܣһпܾͲôˡ
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Ҷ֪ڰ˭˽ɻ˲ļҲµɻһû£пǵǹƥƾһԸԸǲмصģ˵ĿؼпΪʱ䣬ȲֿǱߵӦ꾯ٸץˡ
󣬰ж£ײϼ֧͸ǿͨɻǹ֮мӲˢӣҶɲûӮѧէչȲ˼ҿʮʮµı£ӮĻҲûУҪȱҵɻĵط
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һɻһһҳλãôһˣΪ˾ȸҲֻˡҶԺһͷƫͷҧ¬˵ȥð˽ΧһȦӣҶԼķȻ˵ȡ鵶Ȼݸ¬¡
¬ҶɵĻɫ΢΢һ䣬ҧ˵ͷȻߵϸǰԸ˼䣬ֿ첽ߵϵ¬ս԰Ҷϴʱļƻһ飬еСϵС
¬սӵĻסҶһۣͻȻ̧ǰڰ׸ԶסѪļͷ˵ֵܣŵ㣬Ұĳһء
׸ҧ˵¬ֻ֣ܶҪǺһЩˡ
¬սĿһݣӵ£꣡ϣתͷһ۶ӣеļͷ˦ڵϣǰӵжϵļͷ
ಣһ֧¬սʹһСءм˲䣬ߴһͺȣ
Ҷ˲̧ת׼һ۶ಡһ޲ͬһλֻһӰӰľ˳ɻ
ಡҶٶϼҲ벻Уо˾Уֻһ֣һܼļʸʽ򽭷ɻǰԣ޷ס˲䲻ϵӵڶϳأָѪע


257 
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ҶɽӹһۣǶϸµĴȸղùǰҪ˲ֹһΣϻ׭Сӣɻ󣬿ǽɻİĶ
¬սһֵҵǼͷⲢû˵ͷ˲ѪӲסûкһԼеͷֱӰ˳˺˼סʱֹסѪ
ҶָըһѪӣ˵ʹǼٵģ˽ɻҲֵãѷɻͼͲϼ磬¬˵̧˸Ͻûʱ䵢󡣡
¬ͷӦһ첽߹ȥϵС˼䣬¬սк̧˵ֵܣһ˼ӿ첽ͷҶɺͰ˽ɽȥ
ʱ;˱ǣԭ·ûٷѰۣɽԶԶͿһƱѧһŵ쳤ӵţ˰ȫغһ󻶺ȸԾ
Ҷߵǰ̧ðѪָЦ˵ûаҩɶģ˵ʡʵҲûָҩֻСԭŵپ泩һ䡣
һѪָϽܵһԴȡһС˻һŵ˵ҿҴżȰҸҩ
㻹ˣҶһ㵣ҡͷ˵æ˿ڴϳŪȴҿڴǮͳ˾ÿ˷һٿ·ѣȥˣǣȥϵһȾƣ·һҪעⰲȫ
װˣΨһİ취ò˻ɵѧ೵ȥÿһٿ·ôˡ
հ죬ѧǿʼԸ·ѣ۷쭲ǿ·ѽ뿪ϳ¬ҸӸҶͬһ˽˴룬һ
¬ù鵶ݸҶɣһ˵Ҷϴ󣬽㣬Ƿһأ֪ôˡ
Ҷɽӹ鵶뵶ʣ˵ˣֵܲ˵ЩмҪ飬Ǳ绰ҹλ¾ˣЩ˺񲢲ģһĴ䣬ҿñֱӻȥҸȫĵطŴ˵
¬תͷߵ¬ս黹ϵȽϺá
¬սֱ̧ȭ˵ҶֵܣǰС˸ϴ󣬵ʱҺݺһ٣һ֪СûϺͿл¬սֵǷһݾĶ飬ֻҪܹһ𡣡
ҶɿЦ˵¬壬˵˸ֵܣûʲôǷǷ˵ø⣬ȥţ
¬սŨüһš˵ʱزȥˣ˰ѳȥǣиݰֵܿ˼ҽƵ꣬ȥȻᰲһУͷҲ벻ǻֱ뿪Ǵһسӡ
Ǹڣּ̿ȥһСʱҶһ˼⣬˵ϵֵܣȥǡ
Ѹٵͷʻϴ·Ƿ򼲳۶ȥ
·ҶɰֵָģҩСʿרҵ˰Ҷϴ⻹¬սҲһأ¬Ĵָָĳ
һСʱͣ˽иҽԺ¥ǰѾ̨ܳſڵȺ򣬳ͣȼ״ҽ̴򿪳ţѰ׸̧ϵܳҴҽ˴¥״ҽҪ̧¬ս־ܾ״ӾǲߣվڳԿĵȰš
¬ս߶÷ˣ۾ģƨʲôܣ¹켸ˣӡ˵һžҪϣһֻݾͻס˳š
¬¬󣬻õıƢ
Ӳ߳һװĵݸ߸ˣһ˫С۾ЦЦ¬սǽǵ˲֪˲Ĵ缶־ǿ
¬սһݸ߸˶ʱü䣬ЦʵϺӣ㲻ʡǰô·־ǿ˵绰֪ʡǰ£͵ǸҽԺһжᰲ׵û뵽һȻʵ⡣
־ǿɫһ࣬˵ֵѴҾҲҪϻ˵ˣ㳵˵è˳һҶɲɴ֣ʵλСֵҪҪҽԺһ˿ڣ
ҶҡҡͷһСˣҩϢͺˡ
־ǿһЦ¬ս˵ˣҵĹѡ
䣬ӳ̽һͷʵϴˣֱզ죿
־ǿݺһۣɻȥͣϵط


258 ֮
뷹ѳԣ˳Ҳܹ󡣺־ǿڳ˳֣ΧϷʡǵ֮Ľ̸ǼƵꡢ˽ֱɻ˽̫ͧƽϻһ˽СĽУ뵱Сʱ͸¬սйһν飬ջֽնͷֵܡ
֪¬սͺ־ǿĹϵ¬սǰҲٸ𣬾Ҳֻ֪ϵڽλֵܣĽ飬벻Ǻ־ǿ
־ǿƽʱΪ˺ܵ͵쵽ѾýԾӣһˣɹˣһ̤뽭Ƶ꿪ʼѾᵽˣſڵӭ·ķԱ־ǿϹĺһܺã
̻Ի͵ĴƵڼݻһжԻƽɫΪɫơɫΡɫ̨ɫ¥ݡ֪ǲǺ־ǿȱӲҪýɫװƵ꣬Աķװǵɫȥһ˶ڴ߶۾ǽɫףȴֲᣬȫʦĹֻͣ׿ԽʦݻӹΪ
־ǿ˳˽˵ƵңҲǽɫɳ輸̻Ҹ׶ǽӲӵġ
ڽɫԱ裬־ǿЦеĶɫĲ豭һڣ˵¬֪ϵĶͷ˭ô
¬սҧҡҡͷ˵ǱϵӣЩ꼫ٸǱߵ˴򽻵̸ʲôڣڶͷˮҪǶҶϴȣֻµүҲǸͿ
Ҷϴ󣿡־ǿĿһӹЦ˵λҶϴù˽СҲһպĻ졣ڽӵ¬ս绰󲻾Ѿֵ¼Ļʹ֪ԶڳκһҪࡣ
н˵пڣ־ǿΪϷʡ˵رƣһֳγɵλƣһ仰˸ܵһεѹ
ѹǲڵģһ¬սһҶɣ¬ս־ǿֵܣʮ겻㲻ı䣬Ҷɲǵϻģ֪־ǿǺʵĴﲻ٣мλʡΪԺգһƽĶԴ
˶ĿͶҶɣȴȻһ¶ҪϿѧУС÷ѧԼɭһҵģʱ϶ᱻСԹ
ϴ󣬽أ¬ͱͱҶɸ첲һ䡣
ŶҶγѰعʵ˭ңʲô
λһ󱩺λҶϴҲǼƷں־ǿͷǶٵϴ֮õ飬ãڹϺţBˡ
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Ҷͷһ𣬺Ȼ뵽һطһ˲ĵطɻ˵Ǹطһƴ
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־ǿЦ˵¬ˣҼʱ˵֪ۣҶϴһ빵ȥ۽ֱôҽԺ׼ֻСҲѱ
¬սЦ˵˺ãҲˣ֪ʲôֻʹЩ˵Ҿ֪СΪëƽ޹ʲȱС̡
־ǿЦһ˵ܼ򵥣ΪǮ¬ĵ̣Ϊֵܣ˲ֵ֪ܣΪһ鸻͵ķˮأСв㣬죬⻰ǰҲ˵ǰҹϵȷϹһ£㲻պڣֵ֪ܣ
¬սˣнȫΪִ֣֪ͺ־ǿ֮ĹϵǵëҲҹȻϱ̡뵱־ǿǴɿһ𳤴ĺѣһ׮£ͬͬͬͬȴһ⣬˭磿ǵֵʼһڽǵϴ죬һԼ˭ȳΪĵϴ磬˭磬һĶԼͬģԴƴ
־ǿ÷ˮ¬սȴȻĬĬںֵΪһѡȻ뿪뽭ǲԶıмƴɱ죬ڸһãؿĺֵܣʱѳ˾ʡĵۡ
ʱգ˭Ѿûκ壬ĶԼ޷֮һ־ĽڣһЦ


259 
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¬սһѾˣԼһֵŪýͷö־ǿֻҪһ绰ɽͷǿϸһҲʧ١
磬˵¸ô죿һгڣ¬սѾνļ֣ĨһǮֵӣһܾǰ˽ĶԼֵ֣֮Ӵ޽١
ણ־ǿеĽ豭Сζ£һĨĻȣЦ˵ڱҲһβ͹ȥҲǲУҲ׼Ȼ˾ҪúкһٻģʧϷϵ
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Ҵűƿ߽һԲ׳ߵվԺ־ǿһ˵ܡ
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ס׳Ӧһ˴˸֣Ľ
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׳ԽҸӵΪϤǵƢ˼ʹϵ̤ǰһҲϱˮˮҸֲȹΪһƣ뽭ڣǺ־ǿڣ¬սûнҲӲ
֮˯ο˯һȺצĶǣҪȺͻȻҧһڣʽ÷ǳõİ취ǳýҸδ֮ʱӭͷʹ֪Ѷ˾ֻһ취һӲĲʹѵ
׳˵꽭Ҹӵտ˺־ǿЦ˰ѱϵ壬ĿľһҽԺֻҪ䲻ץס˾ͳȺףҲ֮֮
¬սһɫĵͷھǷ̵ʱֻҪץס˶ùԹð۵Ҳһˣ׾ͷ˭ȥץǸ⣬ֻһãˡ
־ǿ΢΢һЦֳɵģԶ߽ǰ˵ʱ׳һۣ˼ףȥץҸӡ
ҶɶЩɱɱȫȤΣȳ¬ҸҲǴΪǲЩͷԷȵѧΣյУһȺϴоʲôƣͣһ̶һ̤ȥԺ
뵽Ҷվѧ׳˴˸֣Ц˵λ岮мҪҪϻرģһ˵̧뿪λֱȥ
Ҷϴ˵Ǻ־ǿߵſڵҶֻͣ½ŲתЦ˵ô
־ǿЦе˵ԵƬֱҶϴرȳ˵ֱ̨̨ϡ
ҶͶȥһмЦݣ˵ǾͶлˣҳôͷһֱ˵˳ȥɻȥ϶Ҫ죬Ҳһ׮֮ϲ
˵̨Ҷһ۾ͿһֱͣڲԶɻվһСƽͷˣӿ첽ߵǰЦ˵ɻġ
ƽͷ´һҶɣָƨɣ̧ͷ³һȦʵܵķɻʲô˶ģ֪ػɣ
Ҷɲ˼ĴȻǿɣԽԽá
ƽ̨˷ܵ⣬˫ȭһ˼ƣ˵ɾʹӮңȻ㵽һߴɻȥ


260 
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СвɣǺɻģǸܵġ
ƽͷкٺЦ֪˵ܷɻ˶ǿ㲻ҲУɻҪ֤ǿԼѡһֻҪ֤˱ǿɻ㡣
Ҷһ˼⣬һ˵ֻҪ֤˱ǿȥ԰ɣȥ¥˿ȥֲԸǰɵСӿ⣬Ҫ֤ǿĺܼ򵥡
ƽͷ˵ͷȻ˵ȥȥҲ͡
ȥҶɷ˸ۣû˵ұǿĵط̫ˣСӹ
ƽͷ̵ǰŰӺܹ˵˵ɣôȷ
ҶɴӿڴͳǮŰԪ󳮵ݸƽͷУ˵ţ
ҪǮǰ״֤ǿƽͷһͷҲҶϵĳƱ
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ƽͷжʱ£ֽӹŴ󳮣ָڳƱһǴ궯£ȷƱû⡣
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ˣֵˣֻҪܽסƱͷߣӲס͹ԹԿɻȥвиʹ컰
ƽͷųƱԥ˵ͷУҪץסȥ
Ҷ̧˫֣Це˵׼ˣߣָɣųƱ˲£ƽͷ˫ƺһɨһųƱץУһһƮȻ¡
ƽͷеĳƱ˼룬ϵĳƱһҶУһʧ˵˵ûˡ
ҶɰѳƱڴЦ˵˾ͺãڿȥ𣿡
ƽͷе˵ͷȻԣ߰ɡ˵תߵֱԣһĻȥҶҲŵ˷ɻ⻹ͷһֱеС˷ܣ㣬ӱ˿һСʱɻȥӦܸϷѧɣ
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ٻڿǰҲûκϲɫ죬ۿˮ
ҶСͷһһǸ˵Բ𣬸ȥ˵飬ٻˡ
ٻ̧ͷŴ磬Ĩκ죬˵磬ˣǰ㲻ҪҲ٣ıˡ˵ˮƲס˳䣬ı仯ＱƫƫΪ
Ҷ̾˿˵û䣬ģͷٸͺô
ٻҡҡͷýͣǻؼҰɣѾһһ죬ֱһŸĲŷ
ţҶӦһǰС÷Σһ߳˽ңУſɭվһɫƤԳ֡
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ҶǿһЦɭ磬ȥԷС㶫鷳ˡ
ɭЦЦû⣬⿪װƤһװ¿Զܼˣ챣֤ꡣ
ҶϳѹѵھΣ֪νͣʣѡһΣԾɻͬô
һֻСȻֱٻ˵磬ԲҸղŲӦģԭٻô
ҶɿЦ˵ûҲû˵Ļһͣ㵣ģıˡ
һ·޻ʻԷСͣ˰˺űǰҶɺɭһ³ܿѶȫ˳ѷԿ˴輸ϡ
ϳʱٻȻûʰҵԭֻǴ򿪳ޱǸޱϲõļңһֻ̿ȸ쳤ӴС԰դ̽ͷģ̿ļҽԶˣֱʧʵҰ֮С
ٻҲˣһԼļңǵĻ԰ɳ̲һСͧʱԴȥϵ㣬ɳ̲տһϲġ
Ҷ§סٻߵһλðĻ棬ģһĻСûУѽһ˳


261 ķ
Ϧպߵĺ˵Ų˵飬ɳ̲ϼֻаԵзУƺӱʲôһźӰ˶һֻз˦ͷ׳Զһ̣βǵʹСҡҡ
棡һЦ͵С̶УȥһֻǴзתǸϵŮڵȹŮеһ֮Ӿúһȴĳ
ٻͷеᶼСڹеһɢСһ·ǰŽǳľ飬¼ҽߣҲڣȴ궫ٴСһһȥ
Ŵзܵٻ£һԾУ̧ͷѻз𣬷·ҫԼı£ģ˵ĵƤɰ
հ궫ҶߵСԣһѴСһзЦСӣǽӰ˩ϡ
ƺ˵Ļһ˫С۾ҶɣسģµСƨڵģǵٻķģ§ڻתͷҶһۣ˵磬Ҳ׼˩档
У˵˩Ͳ˩Ư˰ɣҴȥơҶЦźС䣬Բ첲һ˦зһɫĻͶ󺣡
ٻ˲䳹׾ˣסûӵһԼĺһʵ̫ͻȻҪʱݾϲ
ãٻ˦˦ͷع΢΢ʵ磬ǵļô
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻԺǵļˣѧУеԶԺѧ˿ÿȥѧУȥ¥ƣϲһ䶼ġ
ٻͻȻ뵽һ飬Լס¥ϣпܵĻϣ¥һ䣬Ҫ̫󣬸ɾʾͺá
磬¥ˣҺ⣬ܸôô
ҶЦЦţ¥õ㶫Ȼסδ䣬Ѿ¥ݣ̶̲һļкһȰļеݵСУֻҪļһжס
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Ҷɻ˻еĽ΢Ц˵ȻǸ磬崴Ӳҳ˺һҽʯŵĺ֣ʱΪʲôҲû͸ȥˣû뵽ʯһҴĴ϶ǶʯϷԽһ飬ֻʡȥ˼װϴӹ߿ǶΣĩβŴٸʲôŮ˵¶Ů˵ķ룬ҲԶˡ
Ļٻϲǲΰ룬ϲǴԭģϡͿŴٴ˹Ĵһʱز£ƾڱӮģҲûʲôԡǵΪһκ˶մȾ϶ĲĶϰҲŴߵ̫ȦӾһȾף羭ЩǮٻһᱻӰ졭
ҶƺСеĵǣһ˵ٻӮһһʽ𣬸׺ᾭУѼϼܾһأԺ󲻻ֻѼӣʲô˭ϲ˭ȥ粻ϡ
ٻͷϲļеʵ磬ҪԺҪӲȥô죿
ҶɺһЦţҲûãӰҲˣѧȥտϺʳǰտ۷ŵɳ̲Ͽԡ
ٻ¶һĨĵЦݣ°һ˵ԼϪ㣬һô
ҶЦû⣬ȥʳģ˳ͣԺʱɳ̲ϵʲôģ˵˶ʡˡ
ˡĴ̸ɭǰ򿪷ţ˽Ц˽֣ʮ̧ŸִС׳룬һ̷ŮˣеģʵĹЩƣֻ۾񣬸첲ϿŸЦЦЦ͸һζ
壬찡ҶЦǰкſͣżӣоȻһ
˽ЦŸЩСıչ棬Ǽһһأõ
ҶɿЦ˵ҲǣڿЦˡںȥ򿪱չ񿴿ǲһѽͲΤƱ
˽Ц˶רҵҹ˾Ǹ㶨ͿˣҸһ£ǹɩƽʱϴ⻹ܸıԹˣҲ֣Ǽ񵽱ˡ


262 
ķṦҶľ⣬һйɩŮˣӱϿһͨ긾Ů˵ʲôͬǾָ֣ǽر׳ָСƵģָƣһϼ룬ȲŮǲ˽˵ܻˣ˫ҲǸܸɻڿˣչʳӦû⡣
ҶЦЦлˣô䷿ҲҪڿ˴֪ɩÿ¶ٹʣ
˽Ц˵ʵͲùˣһ£ԵĻһһԸĹʣ⾡ܴ绰ңܻܿһֻҪҼܸɻֻṦľͲˡ
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˽üͷ˵Ҫһ֧깤ʵģº˼ҿһѾܶˣֲҿڰµʱԤ֧һֹʣµյ˼ҵȫ塣
һ֧깤ʣ鲻ܷﶼǷǳټģķԲǿְҵֻҪ˼˽֮ͬһ֧깤Ҫǿ˹ɩĳʵһҴ书һķְǳ㣬֪ҶǶһĶͨķѿۣλķǸͷ
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˽üͷš˵㲻Ϊˣԭ⣬һѾˣҸ㿪ĹҲҳңҪ֪㡣
ɩĬˣͷ˵ϸĵҶɿۿƺʲôѴ
뵽Ҷɵʵ壬Ҹɩǳμ棬ʵˣ֪ĹǶأ
˽ԥһ˵ΪԸҪһЩҿǰסÿǧ飬ϴճͱ๤չĺͬķʰУһҪġ
ҶɵЦ˵壬ҵҲ֪ȻɩѴǮͨһ°ѹʸֻнܰ£͵Ǹһӡ
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ҶЦҡҡͷﻹмƿƣǲ֪ϲθڡǵôƿʯؼӣó͡
˽ЦЦǶûϲȵ׵ģ㣬ʹպźˡ䣬ڴĵ绰ҶɱǸһЦͳֻת߳⡣
ɩǰҶһһ˵ллҶ٣ɰҴæԺһúøɻ
Ҷ΢΢һЦС飬¥һ䷿ɣҲչСٻ
ɩͷһ˵ҷźöȥĶҲ죬һٷ治ܱ֤ܺóԣһᾡá
ҶνЦЦû£ҲʳæСá˵첽ߵС󣬵˵ȥƣԺѧ˿ȥ硣
ٻת˵磬ҷǮҲʲô£ںûˣû䡣˵ʱһָڴؿ˴¶һĨĵЦݡ
ҶָһΣ˵СѾͷһЦλſȥ
ɩ治ǸǵģСͷһһڵ˽ʱ´Ű궫Ĺ뿪ֻʣɭҶȡһƿʯؼӣϹɩͬԷ
ɭн飬˵Ц磬ɩԵЩнˣǹܽͬԷѾĪҡ
ˡű޵ɽ죬Ҳ֪ĸԴȱļһźúõ岻ǵȭͷţ
ɭվ߹ȥ˷ţۿһƵıδ󺺣ֻĺͷҰһҵƺʲôŤ
ҶӣСû¼Ҳ绰֪ͨһҸ˺þá
Ŷ߽˷ţֻ˩סȵҰһǽǣ첽ߵ£ҶǰľƱһںȹ⣬Цٺ٣ϳԷ
Ҷɵһۣû˵˼ûķ
ٻü䣬Ц˵ţӸ磬ģڳԼʢȥ
δ䣬ſڴһţСӻ뵰ר࣬Ҹ㡭


263 һ
ұһľҡҡλ߽ţӻһĸ첲߲ԣ۾ſţһģ
ţһſڴľ䣬ͷЦ˵治֪иӣ˵ĶҲͦصģֻҰһͷҰֻϰٽҲò
һ㵣ָǽǵ˵װҰСӸղŲ˵ֻҰ𣿡
ţٺЦģ⿪ƣִɽץģһţС˵㣬ץͷĹ
˳ˣͻȻ̧ڿţϺݺһǣû˵Сʢȥ˳Ʊûļһ
ɩʱվ˵λžУȥʢ˵첽ȥЩ²Ϳ˶֡
һ۹ɩıӰ¶һŵı飬˵ðķˣͦڿġ
Ҷɳ˸ۣû˵СӸղ˵˭ûأѰ˼ŵ·ȫŪٽǹԷĩҲüŻȥ￪졣
Цˣ̧˵СӾ˵ģˣǾͶĩҸţһ졣
Ҷҡҡͷĩûʱ䣬ҪСȥȣҪɣţӴҰζʰˣɳ̲տ
һٻͷ˵ãǾ죬ѧԼһ飬ţѧУſڵţʱһ򳵡
ҶЦ˵ô򳵣г
ƲƲˣСǴУɳ̲һҳţʱԵʲôġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͧҪʱȥҲῪҲֻǸ衣
ɭ˵Ҷ٣СͧһῪʲôʱҪкһСۼʻǵ֮Ķ֣ܳͧЩСƣ̹װ׳ʲôҲܿＸȦ
ɩʢƱҶɸո˸Ͼƣţһ뷹ѾԵøɸɾЦеİɩͼݣһ롣
Ҷɴ˵ɩʢ뷹бʳ֢Զըθ
ʳ֢ɩһ˿ţһۣͬɣӦһٴ
ţͰ͵ҶɣһԹ˵Ҷӣ۲ô̭˵ģòһˣͲҳԶٱô
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ҽԺػɻҧгſڲϣһرƲſ㣬벿λһ飬¶ʵĴƨɡϽ׽˷ڰ׽дϼСӣ˾սһϲɫʡ
ģ˺һҪץסСӣŪ֧ݺݴջȥҲ˱յζУͷ̫СڣٹһƿͣˣҪӼ࡭
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һλĿˣǽɻĸ׽˾İֻһӷɧĸס
ң˲£ɻɹֻһ̴һʹջֱ˺ݺݱһƵģʹһſȥ
ϵƤݺݳ鴤˼£ʵʹҪҪҽ
ɻߺҧ˵ˣʹӻסЩֵСʿ빵ӿ͵͵˵˺öëʲôģΪզģ˺һݺҹ
һ۶ӵ빵Ц˵˵ûҲǣ˿ڳԿԼ
ɻһҧÿ죬ʵȺӹ£ô
һˣ󲿷ѾˣϢ¬սӵ˽ǣպĴߣڵպĻᰵ֧Ƿˣֻз̡
ɻһƫͷŸףŭĴ˵ôܣ¬սպĲһ·ˣʲôô
˫΢ʧ̬Ķӣ˵ôţõպҲõû֮ǰ̱ﶫʲôʱԶУǶ־͵Ķ㲻֧¬սǷҲ취޷㣬ʵҲһ
ɻҧгݵʵѵֻܷǰһвǰ׷ˣ
ǵģ˵ľջڣ׷ˣһӷſڴ潭˻ش


264 Ӧˬ
ѸִһѴǹ׼ſڣԲϵĽɻ˸ƣ֪ʮͻֵܣԷܰѻֻ֤һ£ȫˣûֳ㶯
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ƺûѽеǹϣҲѹ֣ʮżһͻڶʰҪһǹ졣
֪ⲻֹһˣȫ˾޿ܣǰ·ֻһеǹԹԣɶԷڲ
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ڵص˲䷿űƿɫˣиͬ㣬϶Ű״ӡ
ҸѾ˷ͷ˫۾ݺݵŷţǿſվһĸߴİ״ˡ
ô㣿㲻Ѿô
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״˲Ų߽˵ϵĵУЦ˵ʮֻ꣬ˣʮζڵһĵڵȵˡ
һ˵ˣҲŴϡ
İ״˽йŴ󺣣ǱΨһܸͥ˶ʮ꣬սӮңŴ󺣳ң̱ȫգҲ˰֢˵ǻ˵ģû뵽ʮ˺־ǿ¡
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Ц˵øϴˣһжĻǲµ֣ñǸףȡ֮ӽϱһͳպĲĻƿߣǺƣܿܣҽԣҪɱҪϤ㡣
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Ҹӵȥ֪Ǿ˼ƵĲ֪٣мСȥϼңһƶСɽ壬ڴͨ·أĹϷֱ˵֣ĶһˣгǾǣӦ
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265 
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ҶͳֻһִۣڴҲǸĪϪԼôСȥȵӣСΪ˿ճڵȵ绰
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ҶͷһϲϽ˹ȥűС÷ϳƵβ򿪺˽ȥһСܻСԡ
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ĪϪЦҲûԣһҲ塭˵һͻȻöƤʶӲ˹ȥ
ĪϪһ·ɳۣٶȸڼŴеһƴһҲ·һ͵ǰͣ
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лˣĪϪתͷȻһЦץͷһڣֿƷ硣
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Сʱ󣬳ʻ˽·ѣĪϪ˳٣һݵ·ǰʻһӹ⾰ͣһũҴԺǰڵģԿԺźܶӣԺһ¥¥ǰſһݹ᾵Ϲ
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266 콣޹
ƺûſڵˣָṴ̧бһ̵ĲӺ£仡״һУֱ߷ֻһ񲢲׼͡
£ţй
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ٻҧҧתݵУ˵ģôٻҲʹġ
Ҷɱ棬Сüͷᰴ˰תĪϪһԺȥһѣȻֺαزͷβһΣ
Ȳ裿Ҷһ㵣ͣ˽Ųֻб洫һЦ쳤ϵĲ赱¹ʸȵ̫٣Ȳ̴˺
䣬бϴһɳɳ죬һӰƮȻ£Ҷɲ׵ĵطµһͺˣϴһľɫΧȹŰӣ´һ˫߰ƤѥյǲһЦ¶ڲβĴ
ƷľƫͷһˣͻȻһվ˵ǻ͢Ԩ
ͺͷЦ˵þ쳤ϻǵСɫ
ĿƵٻһӶ˵ٵϹ᲻ǵãҺ޲ðƤԼɱλֵܣҲ˼ʮ꣬еһȡʤֶΣ⼸뿪Ҿ˶ϡ
Ҷɴ˵ĶԻдŲµһЩͺͷǾĳңԺһ뵽ﲻɵðп࣬ģͺͷ粻ƫƫھҪСȵʱѰǸҪϻ쵰͢Ԩӿĳɺͥ࡭
͢Ԩˣ߾۽ٻϣƤЦⲻЦ˵СģͦȵҲֻҪþУʰĪϲĶүүǰúһŮ˵Ȥ
϶һЦ˵ûһ˻ҶֻһѪţǰһָ̧ϻӾ飬ʺûڰɣ࣬Ųҳһܲ
أһ룬ҶǰͻȻһؿڴһʹ񱻾޴ݺƵķ΢ſһѪ죬һ룬оԼƲƵı˶ǽǣִһ˺Ѱľʹǰһ˹ȥ
磡ٻһ˺ѷεĴ󺰣ƶγصķȥ
ߣ͢ԨЦһһ˿֮ɫǰһϢӡٻģӽԺӵһͲ׼ڣ˱ˣȴ顣
飡һӰƮȻ̧ͬ͢Ԩһƣ˿ƾ˫ƽͬʱһΣߡ
͢ԨЦ˵Ī죬ôЩȥϵĹûʲô
ĪҲ𻰣ºư˱ƵĵŵԾ𣬴չ֮һɾſհӿ֣δ֣ȵһƺֹǿʮ
͢Ԩɫ΢䣬˫Ƽ̧ӭ˹ȥƥľаиſ˻˻죬Զһ֮ء
أ˫ƶƣĪ΢е˫ĿͽȻǰߣӲѶһƶʵУ쳤ϸղδȫҲһȫ
͢ԨϵƤҳ鴤˼£ٿȻ˫ƣ˲䣬Ī˳ǰ۽է֣һҫ۵İ׹ٿֺ쳤ǿĲƣǽһҪĽ
вؽ׷꣬Īһ콣籼׼磬µ߲зһǰѪĲʡ
͢ԨһŽӹƥĿ콣Ȼû˵һëΪĽŲȶĽ죬ֻҪôһ߾һ
ĪгնҴ̣Ľж죬ʼձȻ͢ԨĽŲһߣһֻ½ŵè׷һֻƻ󣬲èôٱʼ޷צ£ֻ󻹻Żˡ
͢ԨܰĪˣתĸоڲڶȡϵѥ˵ʤķֻҪϴ˫ѥӱ޾쳤Ǳ׷Ŀ콣
Ī죬Ľ̫ЩٿЩ
ϷʵһĸĪĤгٿӶһһָҪηУʼ޷ƤһɱУѾ˲òõʱ


267 ׷绢
͢ԨƾѥĪϷŪɱ˵һֵȤĪ׷ɱʮأ̻̲գһʱ俴۵˾ͻŵö㵽һԷѥİ³ڻжаö⣬һҪĪܣøֶκݺĥҹɱ
Ī콣ͻȻһͣ˽ŲҲ̽ȥ׷͢Ԩֻ˵ǰһɨ˸ΪԾƶͷ˼⣬ʮ겻ϹṦѾǷ켫ѹ޿ɱȥǰ취ֻʱŻȴʱһɱ
͢ԨƺϵУ»Ȼӿƶٶȣֻúһ죬ѻһӰĪת׺絴Īеĳǧҡҷ裬ϧմְƬ½
һϹʮ겻û뵽ݵĹ뻯Щ޳ҲֻͳͳʹĪĳһ¾ǡ
͢ԨĹṦΪݣʩչ̤ݣ߱ڲڻ£뵱רɱռ鱨ͰɱΪּ̰ŮɫڵؽŮɫʹ±ֵԼԸΪצɱ˸ԲģȻһλ˾ٵŮ˰Լ˼죬λ˾ŭޱȣʱͷǹһĨ˲ӣֻܻ
Ī༤ҶֻҪзľǷһʱ
͢ԨЦ˵Ī죬㲻ûӱǷ޳ݽթСǾ޶ɷֻм˲ܻø󡣡
Ƥ絽˳ǹӿשĵزĪǼʶԱȸѥ磬˵ʱȻסһűȻ̧֣һڹⷴĳ
һĪֱֻһ𣬶ȥ͢ԨסһĳͷһԲСģֱ߳ȥз
ϹĪһִĿȻŭг貶Ŀǧǹ佣߾磬ޱȵĽƷμ͢Ԩţľڽӿ֮·п̶
͢Ԩ㺧⣬¼Ӷֻһ죬ϵ̦ɨһߣ佣߳Ĳ
Ī콣磬׷Ż͢Ԩһʱ˿ѱյӯҲʲôؼ汸ҪϹնڽ¡
͢ԨһĨЦ̤鼲ߣʱʱӶеĹִڳǣǲ潻棬еĹִǵɱХǰõıڽƾ굺ӹɱˣͰХԴڳҹû֪ХУڽƾһĪʱߣΪɱХͷݰӵĺֵܡ
ĪϪȻ鲽˵ſڣҧתȥȻо۴һʹʱָͣ޷ٶһ
СʰĪϹٸ棬͢ԨһЦԺص
ٻڵϣ˫ַҡŴ罩Ӳӣһĵ磬Ѱ磬ٻôٻˣѺôء
֪ҡ˶ãҶɽյ˫һխ죬ָ̧ȥСϵˮɳƵ˵ޣû¡˵ʱתӣλ߶һţתֻ֣Ӱ¥ǰŲԾֲ˭˭̧һģ˫ۣǰһлȻ
һ鷢ĹƤҩžӵＲתһĹִģеĳնǹŶԷ塣
ǹߴô찡Ҷͷ̾һȫһֵ߸֪ͨĴ򶷷ʽֿ磬濴ƾʣʵҪǱŶԷҪкͶ㶼ʯ¿ӹͻѪ
磬Ϫܶˣ绰ٻѾע⵽ĪϪ״˴һ䡣
ҶγѰعִӿڴͳֻ͵ķֻˤ˼飬ĻҲѹ÷飬ѾױϣûϣΨһİ취ǾСúĪϪ뿪˵뵽ѸֻٰڴҪվ
׷ѥк޳ɿաԺȻһ죬һûͷԵʾʶгһ˫ȦΧƵѥӣѥǰ͸ģѥվһֻСϻƵĶβͺܳëƤϲʰ쵵Ļƣģ񻢣ȴĸ㡣


268 񾭻ʿ
ȳֹȦٳʾ˳˹֪ǲǸղһصԵʣҶԺ˼תܿµеԭ򣬸ľ飬ӦֻС飬ˣǶᣬҲǽܵñȷ绹졭
ҶĿϵƤѥ˫ƤѥСһƤѥڣ̫¾Ȼҵ߼Ըֹ¾˼άͣ鵶˫סƤѥͷ壬Ҳпܻɱ˵˼ƶٶȣ߾ʤ㡣
Ҷһ涵Сãҧҧһ󵨵ľĳ鵶ƤѥǹߣҲ֪ͬڶСû·С߽ԺſڵĪϪǰΪԼܴȽŲСӳȥԭص׸ƴһ
ٻӦһ¡
ٻˮ˵ͷ֪ҪʲôΨһܴҪʲô
۾ܷʲôҲҪҽۣҪΪʲôŴ磬ô
ҶץڶһСڹٻСܴСһ㰲ο˵ģȴܲٶһѣѺµĳСõΨзһֻһΣһ޵ڶλᡣ
ٻСڹ˵ͷ˫ۣžӨ˳չ䣬˴ֱϡ
ҶɷḧһСʪգ̧קϵյһ飬鵶ʶ빪ӣһݵĹȥ
¡С¥ǰȫӲһƣɢľ쭷磬ظС¥һкȻĳɢ
ҶɳûѸǰ˼ۿҪսȦһɾε˺üֳ鵶ҧҪǰ壬϶񱳺۾µȦͻȻתͷʵСӣô
ҶҲǰȻ˵ʱһ˵˲е鵶Ӱ˫ȣһȫһͷ˫ѥӡ
˻˻˻иſ죬Ҷ峯ǰĵ䣬˲ŵɲǣٶȻеСһһλ˫ѥӻ໮һԺһƬʱ·侲ֹ
ͨҶһֻӸߴµ״ڵϣص˲仹֪ûл˫ѥӣϴʹȴʵڵģʧȥʶǰһϡһ̴ٵĲҽУǰһƬڰ·ڵ޾Ԩ
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãҶɱͻȻĴʹѣ۾ԼȻſһŲϣһͷһϸϸҺܶܵ뷭תһŮ
𶯣˿ܵģ
ٺٺ١ҶЦˣ˿ڣвһж֤ţѾ㹻ˡ
˺һ߳Ŀӿ㻹Цó治֪Цʲô
ŮŨŨĲ죬һ˻ԵĲΪʲôᷢЦѲʹɵô
ʹ֤һţЦɡ
ҶɿŮ˳ʲôģᣬ֪ԼĵЩʲô˵Լ˺һ߳Ŀӣǿˣ󱳼Ŷ೤
Ҳԣҹҽ˵ǰ⼡˺ѣϵ˿ܿͷܻ࣬Ѿ漣㲻漣ӦǸ
ŮӦڰ˿ڷҩᣬҲоղŴʹˣҶƵΪʲô˵ԼǹӢﶼǡæġԸ˽ҰҪһЩСô
ͨصܼһˣκҲǰ죬ļԶ޸żʱ䱳ϵ˿ھˣǹʲô
Ůϲ˵˿ڵ¶ҶɸоزʵԼ˵صˣֻ̧ȥǹݵȻˡ
Ĭ˰ңҶɵʵʲôҽԺ
ʰҽԺģԺѾ˷ǹҽԺҲеڶ֪ȥ˾ͺˣҪ͵͵ĳԣע˷ְ
ʰҽԺ￪˽ҽԺҽԺȫҶɰ˿űŮ߶ΪԼһʲôҽԺ
ʲô֣Ҷһ䡣
ӱŴҴ磡


269 Ϊ
Ŵ磬Ҷɷ·ඥˣŴٵãǰûҲûʹŴϵҲǸֵεˡ
ˣ˵ĶñǸûϢĴ磬˵ǰųȥͻŽҪǱ֪죬㻻ҩʱһ᲻Сİ˿ڻģ
ӱڶһرвװҩƿС߳⡣ҶſڲϿƺڻŸղŵĻóһۣò׼һСûҪȥġ
ҶӣСǸںȥʣ˵оʲôҩŴϷʵڶ𣬽ҶǰһϤס
Ҷû˵ȱ²ȱ°ôԴ˵𣿡
Ŵ˸Ĵָһ˵Сţ浽˼㣬Ϫ˵Ӣһأ椶˵Ӣ¼۾ﶼСǣǿˡ
Ҷɿ˵磬̭ôʲôëӢ¼˵ʳˣ˵˵ٻ
ŴЦ˵ٻúõģϪҲúõģǰҲúõģҶû¡
ҶɿЦ˵žһùκҹ磬𣿡
¾˵۸Ǳ˵ʲôġ
ŴһˬһۣȴޱȣҶ˵Ϣ̷ͷ˹ĪϪд鷢ľɵСӾȻ͵Ϯߣһ͵Ϯɹˣǹߴŭ֮һצ˺ĺ󱳣СӸҪ˾Ӳ˹ҽڻβͣϵһ᳤ֻܿһ
Ҷԥ˼˵ԺԽԽá
ԺСûëɣŴһĵƺҳԭͷҲоֻ֣ѹʵ˲źһ룬ʱԺңʲôԭ򣿡
Ҷһ˵ҪСҾȣҵѾˡ
ŴЦ˵Ϊ¶㲻óԺ֪Сھ͸ǰһܲκȲȷ˵׼Ժи⾪ϲ
С˵ûھȫٻѾͷȣֻܰˣ鲻ö롣
ſڴһϵҶŲתӣĪŮĲ߽˲үŹȣ״̬ƺ̫ãϴһĨ΢Ц
Ҷ˿ƺݺݳһ£ʹ죬ֻùԹſ£ƺܸܲоѹ
ҶҪԴϢĪߵǰŴ̰һӸ£ؾվһԡ
ҶɿЦ˵үӣʲôԴӦýſŶԣҽԺʲôһͷɵģԼô˵Ķ֪
Īҡҡͷ˵ԭھסǣ岻ðȥҽԺϪѾͷ֪ñҶ࣬ɣ
ĪϪ˵ͷſڲϵҶһۣ췢顣
Ҷɾһǰ˵漤ݵͺͻȻһֽУԹ֮ɫ˫סصҶɣָ繴¡
ĪϪҶɱѪɽȴһѾ˹ȥͺ̧ѪܵͷһЦһЦһѪӥ񽥽ɢؿڱһ̴Ŵֱ͸󱳣ɫѪ˳Ľⲻϵ䡭
սǰһ壬ͺһ׳ë񣬲Ѫ˳Ź⻬ѪһŵĻͺ˵
ĪϪĿһɱ¾ŵɫ԰ֽűֻܰ߷ŵͣ࿴ЩѪȵĻ棬֪ʱ򣬺Ȼһ죬ѭȥѾʧ٣һʧĻͺ˵ʬǸë
ëǱģԭĵһӣԺС¥ˣ¥ǰʯ洦ѣ˴СǳһĿӿӹЩ޷Ĩȥĺۼ·ڸǣǰĸйһɱ
ҶɾſڵϣѪģתļһŻδ죬ΧһȦɢѪ
ĪϪֽŲܶпڲԣŵûҲܰ뿪ٻСڹԺһǣ˫۽վǲԸһʱ䡢Сʱ֪˶ã˽źһ£ĪϪʱָж
ûȥʾͺ˵ʬȥĪϪԸ˱ҶɴʰҽԺȣٻ˵ᾡȫȣĪϪǵõʱı࣬ѡȫҧرء


270 ҹ
ĪүˣһĹǰĪϪøѶҶһۣһбŴڣǱһ˿ЦĿү뿪
Ҷӣ緢Ϫ濴ˣС˾һðײξСҪѧջᣬѽ㼸椴󷨡
ŴҶɼҲԸԸ⣬Թһֹ˵ˡ椴󷨡
סҲѧʲô椴󷨣ʱ԰ҸæҽѵܰˣٰѴڸſ񡣡
ҶɿֹŴٺߣԼʵ£ҽԺĲ̫ˣʱſûоָǾ͸оѵûţرССҶſȥ滳ֹͣʱ֯˵Σա
ŴٺһЦظ˵ģ¶ڸϣҪҽԺһ˵Сʿ㻤ȿƨܰæ񣬱ȴڿǿˡ
ҶƲƲ죬û˵һУܷû»ܴ齫ҶҳˣҲһѣû
ŴæЦ˵ãС󣬸ͽ˰ȥ˵һ̳˲ţֵܷԸҲҪȥ죬οҪ˵ֻСһ
Ŵ뿪ûãһȺҽʿ𼱻ǵĽ˲Ҷɰεܣ²¿㡭æòֺʰҽԺϼ²ҵٶҿڱʲôá
Ҷ٣ߺʲôҪֻҪťһھͻ˹ںֱ˵ҪʲôԺһᾡκҪ󡭡һüĿҽһСͺҶɴֿɼλãЦеĽźĸֹܡ
ҶЦЦ˵лˣڸоöˣǶеܲܰŪռѼʲôĹһ٣üһƿ׾ƣһװĺǶͷС
ҽϵЦһͣ˵Ҷ٣ΪòʳƸܺˣҰʳø׼Ӫʳ
ҶƲƲ˵ʲôӪţʺܳھռѼҪնҲУ˾ҪԶƻѪĻĺöһС˼ղŲ˵κҪô˰ŰɣҶˡΪҽˣڸоԼܳһţo
ҽԥ룬Եһʿ˵ҶٵҪռѼնÿһֻһƿǶͷǵ׼һӡ
ʿ˵ͷת뿪ҽЦſ䣬һҽԱ뿪˲
˲侲Ҷؿڣ׽ڣ鵶Ҳ֪˭Уеģֳ鵶棬Ҳֻ֪СôˣϡͿɱЩԩˡ
߶߶˵ʲôأСţͽԺʲôռѼ˼Ժ绰磬²¸ô˵
Ŵһϴ˽ϹһĨʽЦݡ
ҶɰеСУڴô˵϶򰡣˾ҪԶǸ֣һٲԶûţⶼüûˣˡ
ŴߵǰеĴӷڴͷЦ˵ûʲôȥͷȫڸϾͺãĶֻ˸µģžɿȥãҪˣǱ߰ѧУŪ˸ͷҪʲôֱӴ绰
ҶЦЦУֻȥͦõģԺ㡣
Ŵ̧Ҷɼһ˵ˣԺ˵ת뿪ټĲֻʣҶһˡ
ҶɶھѾµ·˶˿ȻоЩʹÿﶼڵǿţһһԻһİﲡʳһ޳ܵݻʿ
ԴҶһٳԵѼһֻҽԺͰΪʳ׼ÿٶǿѼһֻͷһƿ峴ʱߣÿ춼Եøɸɾͷʣ˼ʵ󲿷ʳﶼ˿ţӣŴ˽·ԸԺҶɻҩĻʿ˵ģظܱľ߲ɻǱַ֣ҪľȻδ˲ԻΪ
ҶɵҲֵλţԶһŴ˯˴ţҪԴ⣬Ըʲô˽ܰƯ׵ʹǳ˳֡
ҹĻ٣ţɨҶɵ뿪ߵҶɸǰ˵ϴҿҲõòˣºڷߵģҪȥҵʲôӣ
Ҷ֪Ȼһ˰ţʵϵʲôӣСӲĸСʿְɣ
˵ϴҪҵƷ˵ҹܻ˼Ĵƨɹã۹ȥˣˣ˳Ҫ̸Ҫ顣


271 ȫ
Ҷ̸µǹҹܻϰʽ㣬ҹܻϰֻһӵϴǾҶɣ¬Ͱ˽ֻ¡
Ҷһ˼ȥҹܻһˣҲ˯ţȥҹܻ˳ʽ̯˵Ժҹܻ¬ˣһ鶼ȥһЩҪ鷳
ҽԺ̨⳵ֱҹܻᣬ³ҹܻǰﲻǳ𱬡
ϺͼվſڣҶɺ³Ц˹
ϴôʱҹܻᣬ¥ϰᣬҴȥ
ԴɽһսҶֵĿеλ˲ֹһ̨ף϶λ˫ȫСϴͶأϴԺ϶ǰ;ҹܻƺҲܵҶϴһսӰ죬⼸ñϰʽһ˽˸ӵֵɷ˼ֵǸֵ⡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦҹܻ񲻴Ǽġ
ЦǣҶϴһս˭֪ҹܻĳӣ⼸춼Ǳ˵ڵİᶼԤݣԤУҹܻܿͻΪõĳӡ
Ҷüͷ˵ˣһӲæȴҹȥҲʽ㣬Լġ
Ц˵ʽӦ¥ϰ칫ңȷһ¡˵ȡԽ˼䣬ܿϵ˲ʽ㣬ڰ칫ң¥ҪĿ̸£˵Ҷϴÿϰ
ҶЦϴʽ̸ҾͲˣһǼһȥ˴绰ȥˣá
ҹܻĳͣڱҲһ˭֪¬ҶϴұۣҹܻȻӵģɲҶϴȥʽ̸¶õŮ˲ϡ棬ŵŮ˲ʵڡ
Ҷɵһۣû˵ɣСı𱻹óˡ
ЦЦƨƨߵܽҹܻţҶɴӲŽȥ˵¥ճžͱλס
һλͷװһۣһ˵Բ𣬽˰ˣӴˡ
ϰͷһ˵߲ʽ㣬Ҷϴˡ￴ҲЩˣһ¥չض֪ͨһûյ¥֪ͨͲúûӡ
ͷüͷ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʽ㣬ǷĿһɲڣλء
ʲôӲʶֻ֪Ҷϴĳӣûȥõĵط⣬ͽȻ˰˶ȣԼﱻˣؿں²ȥϴԣѾߣӶ֡
ҶһĿϼ򣬵˵ˣʣпղûʽ
˵ܣ¥䣬úδ䣬ȶİſˣʽ첽˳߸Ьĵһ·ſڣǸĶ԰ͷչһЦ
ԲλİȫʣǸμӻİȫЩˡ
ȫʣҶһôҲ벻ʽ͸ԼôͷΣһʱҲÿڷϣͷˮ
ͷ˿һۣ¶һ˿Ĳм˵ʵİȫһǵһμΪ˽˰ȫΪǲʺϸ˴λİȫ㲻һὨ鷶ȡλ
ʽ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫ˵ˣǵҵǺǿģҿԴǽȥ̸
ãͷִ˲ʽĻ˵İȫⲻҪڵذḺһȺӵûȫ
ҶѾ˵̸в³һЩλǸ֮ĹʽרʲôÿӵֵǸİȫǰͷʲô˽˰ȫʣ˵˾һ˼ѹƲ𿴳ӵģ˵׼ǹſڶסԼ
ҲǱˣҲµһЩﰵڣղ̫嶯òʽϴˣ̿лء뵽ǰһ԰ͷ˸֣Ц˵λ磬ղ³çˣǣҶǻģֵ̧̧׬ڷԡ
һŨŨĽҲ󷽡
ͷ˿Ϊ֮˵ö˵Ǿ仰İȫҪ˸𡣡
Էʢ˵ģҶͷĪһѻ𣬳˵ǸҲ벻ң۸ǲź򡣡˵תߣøͷƽϡ
Ҷϴҵϴ㰡һϲͻȻͨһ죬ʲô˵ϣ


272 Ҫ
Ҷɺñһĺһ㼦Ƥе죿΢תͷȥϵıȻһװĵļһӵˤòᡣ
ͷǰҪװˣȴһƿװд۵Ļ˶֪˭֡
գѾҽŲŸھͳ㣡
Ҷɵһȣװסǻ洺Ĵӵܵ˵ݿڣҶϴ򿪻Ц
Ҷϴô㰡
װǶĶգӦμһɱҹܻϾٰĻĳ˵ǣֻҪ˸㹻ļͿϯһЩӰԽĶλԽߣҲμ֪ҲΪ
Ҷ̧ڷռϵһȭЦͦţB۸Ǹʲôȫʲô
ʹѵļЦ˵ֶĲ㣬Ҳ򲻹㣬Ҹ˵֪ҾͶŲˡ
Ҷһס΢Ц˵֪ͺã˵ʲôӰŴ˱רΪ˵ǰȤðɣ
üͷһʵ磬ҷѾ˵ԽԽˣʲôаȤã
ҶɺٺٸЦѹ˵װB£˵ŵ㻹ˣ
տЦ˵˰ɣ۸ЩûˣҸطġ
ֵ֮иĵĹأֻҶǵ֮ϴ󣬷һҲֻܹԹԽд磬гһڶϰʹĳƺӮϣûУ̫ã
Ҷһ۲ʽͿϣһ㶳һ⣬ͷ⣬ҽͶݽǺλˣԴ󷽳ÿϱףǲʽ㲻֪᲻Ӧ
ϡʽ㣬ǺȾƣ߰ɣ
ʽγѰعЦ˵оƣȥ˳̸̸ڻ⡣
û˵꣬ҶɸѾ߳ȥԶֺǺǵĸ󣬲ʽ죬ӿ첽Ӹ˹ȥ
ƹװ˸ƣЩƴһֵ̣ȵһƿͻ·һƿһƿƵļ۸ƿȵþǸ⣬ǮԵһֱ﷽ʽ
ҶһƿѣƿϷƵıǩƺЩݣҿţ˱ǣѡˡ
һƿֻдӣıպҶɶһڣһþƣЦŶԷ˵СӲμһλ׬٣ʵ˵˳ٰѡ
ҲžƱһڣ΢΢һЦλɣʵҲѣμֻҪΪ֪ȣҲĺ磬ҪȦ͵ñһعʣμӸֻбҪ
ʽڶҶɵݳ棬ͷҲŪһӵСϴôպյĶϽ飬ò֮Ľ黹ǳԸһĵߣϣܴ˵̸ҵԼҪĴ𰸡
ҶϣְĿתʽ㣬Ʊ˾΢Ц˵ʽ㣬ҾһⱭһһ£ϣΪұܡ
ʽЦӯӯľٱͬ˸ڴյͷһֱȥǵĲоƣЦ˵Ҷϴ˵ɣҺȤ֪ܡ
Ҷһںȸɱоƣָָ˵֪˭ɣգһʱһҴĴ֣Ȼĸ˼ѣӮˣںܶ˰ҿɸһʵһǸӵĻ죬ܾô򵥣ˡ
ʱ˴ĴӮ˶ʽ㷴׽Ҷ˵Ļһ˿ŵɣͽȻһתʵ˵ĴʯţòǸֶɣ
տЦ˵ӮҵҲֻĺ磬벻ˣһֶôѡҹܻῴӼְ
Ҷɵһۣû˵ûʯǰֵܾ䳡ӣҪָ󵽰ɡ
ʽ¶һĨϲ֮ɫһҶ˵øҶϴ˲¶డһĶҼĳҵ˼Ҷð㵱һţÿڳһҪҹܻῴӸϰٱ
ҶɿЦ˵ûȤʲôҲûʱ俴ӣ˵һԺĴС¬ˣҲŲ͡
ʽ¶һĨ΢ЦָſվƱתƵ˵ҹܻ̲ǳˮǱԺСҿ¬Ҳ԰㱣ܣҪӦһ¡˵Ŀ۽ڷϡ


273 
Ҷһ۲ʽ㣬һ۷գѾ˼֣ȴ¶һ˿֮ɫеҪѻ˲ܴӦŮǳſڵĸȸ˷ڻ𣬱ϡͿԩͷ
ʽ㣬Ȱ˵ҲܴӦҪʲô¶ҿɸɲ
ʽһۣЦ˵װͿημӻİµֵȫȨ𣬴׼ȥֳʼֱؾƵΪֹܹʱ䣬ԺͽȫȨ㻹㱣ܡ
ҶЦ˵ãô˵ˣ˳ҲΪֵ׬ǮŷǲСġ
տЦ˵ϴ˵پͶ٣ֵѵһα׺ˡ
ҶһϷʵ˵ҲҪ࣬С׬ٳһµֵǮУһᾡľİȫҿɰѳ˵ǰͷͷҲ𡣡
ͷϵЦȻ֮һĨı飬˵ϴǮ˵پͶ٣ֵܾ޶ȫһֵڶ̳켣Ҳˣв˶ϣҳϣмβμЩ״о仰˵úãڽƮвܶʱֻϣһóһЩһЩ
̳ǽǹ⻷Ķ̳ǣϲݣҲޣһЩӰǲ޲ͬӵгĶҲǼϼܸԴͨˣҪˮҪҩӿȥѪɥԶ޷ҫ۹⻷µĶͬһŽġ
Ҷüͷ΢Ƭ̣˵һʱص㣬һ˰һУ˵ģѣҲڱ⡣
ʽ˵ʱĩ˵㷶ʢʶֳǲμӻʮ׼ʱ뿪ڴ󸻺ҹܻᣬʱͬǰ˵㵽ʮ㣬һ˷ɻذš
Ҷһĵ˵ͷԲʽ˵һڵ簲˸𰲱ʱǰҴкﰵﶼᰲ߶жԽʲôĸ׼ʮףϵ˻ˡ
ʽ΢Ц˵û⣬Щϣ׼ãʱþС
Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ϵ䳡ӼҵˣһͷŷΧҰȥҶţһֿڵһʱ֪ͨ𣿡
ʽû⣬Ϊİȫ䳡Ӷ޶Ϊṩ㡣
ҶЦ˵鷳翴⵵ҾͰĶ飬ϣܿһصѧ
һֱֳĬĿϳʵϴ󣬽˻׼𣿡ĿҶǸϴͷԣϵĹҲģǱǮϴԺܷˮڴҶɵĻĶ˳˼ĺܲ졣
Ҷһ˵ұͲǽˣҲ̸ʲôڶ۳žҪѧˣ治Ϊģ¬ģϴǰҲûҲܣ״ãֵʲôѴһᾡæϣ⡣
ϾһѾָƽ¬ҲõϵλϿɣܹϺܳһʱ䰲ӣҶѡõʱڵϴ죬úѧϰ;
ϵͷĬƬ̧̣ͷ˫ֱҶɣ˵ϴϿڵϻ˽ʮ꣬ʿЩɫʽ˵ģǳˮǱԺдΪһССǿ۵ģĻ˵ԺõϿºֵǵĵطӹֵǻ졣
Ҷͷһһ˵ģߵﶼֵܣԺʲô·һϴҡ
ߵƹǰȡƿƣһƿıЦ˵ϴҼ̫ΪһͷһѣԺǰ;϶ֹһССĶʶԵݣҲǸΪԵݸһ
ĸƱоƾС
ƿƺܿףʽߵƹǰƿһƿ¶ǣպȵͷˣָ߽ϴּ䡣
ۡϴּڴһˮƵĹλµûڵأǮӮңȾǵһſ¡
Ҷʣµһƿһͨţܿһƿȫ˶ӣ¾ƿԲʽЦƺˣֻè㴦һҪһĩ飬һ˵ſϼֱ߳ȥڲʽôֻèͲĵˡ
Сһõ졣ʽ˴ŷһ䣬Ť֫ߵϴּſڣķͻȻײ˸ʵ
˳һѱסʽ㣬ŲѪ˿۾룬ͻȻͷȥɲһˣһڸ


274 Ҳظ
գϵҶɺ˯δѣű죬ˡ顪ͻȻ󣬷ſʼⲻţýţ㴲˯һͷǶҲˡ
Ҷ˯ŷ˵˭𣿡ʱͣͣ⾰ͻȻһȻ죬
ſվһۺɫƷСʿŲһ㵵ҶɣżĸŴٵСӱвҪҿСҶ˰̵λ䲡ȥͻظð˺ü죬û뵽һϰλԸصտĲ˰ҹ͵˳ȥͶû˵ϳԾܹʦ
Ҷɲϵӱſŵģ֪ǸвԼСʿɶģҲǰλݰ׵СʿΪɶԼſȹ
ӱӣ˵˽˾ƣֻõòˡ
ҶʶʱȻüͷ˵ӱСã
ӱӿڴͳһŵõֽƬ򿪣첽ߵǰ쵽Ҷǰû˵۾ˣдףôԺ
ҶһֽţдţסԺƶȣһдţסԺڼδҽɲΥԶԺ滹޷ǶߵһЩԼ
ˣ
ţʶֲ࣬Щɶϵá
ô죿
ν裬ҳԺ
ҶɸСʿ̲Ķ䣬һµӴ𣬴׳ߣʵ̫ۣ˸º˯ʡ¶һô㣬ڶÿţղűСʿߵˡ
ӱͻȻӦǰҶǰ˵㲻ܳԺ
Ҷƫͷһۣ˵ţ׼ҳԺӹأ
ӱתͷڵϵķţĨϼ˵Ҳǹģղһ˵㡣
Ҷɳ˸Ĵָ˵ӣҲǲҲԣƶϰֽдţԶԺҲͣȫԶԺǷҽҩѾаɣ
ҽҩȫŴϣѹõģҲõòˣʱײգóûԺ
ӱҧҧ˵˵ˣԺҪͬ⡣ҽԺʿԺҪ֣ƫƫϴλֵϲչͷҹԼ۵ôһŽıⲢΪʦһĵģɻ˵ֱζ
ãԵȡҶͳֻͨŴ绰ѾͷƬӼƽϣοԷŴСã绰ʺбҪ
ҶӣʲôŴٵӻͲдмŲƵŴĺæǮͨϵæŲմء
Ҷɿ⿪˸ᣬŻͲ˵磬Ѿȫˣ׼Ժ˵һ
ֵܣ治˼æɻ˵ˣתת粻Ժˣ֪ͨɭ㡭
ŴдǸ⣬˵һ̱һϡ
Ҷɹ˵ˣ·гУæ
ţææˣ˰Ŵٹһϵ绰Ͷڴҵ治ס
Ҷɰֻڴӱ΢΢һЦˣлչˣԺҲҹˣҶ磬ʹԷټˡ
δ䣬Ѿ첽߳˲ţӱҧŴվԭش˼룬´䵽Ͻÿϧôֻչ˼ĹѾˣĵһչ˵ĲˣҲǵһˡкܶܶһţŮз
ҶɽصԶԶɳ̲ͺȣѭȥϵı΢΢һͣɩɭɳ̲ȭȻ죬û⵽˿
ɩһײɫȭŸɾ䣬书һϲͨҶɸõʲôɭѾֻм֮ûл֮һ֪ٶȥֻǳ⡣
ɭ۶ϺһȭǰѸޱбɩ빥ѷʵء
ɩ΢ؿһɭȭӹȭͷɢƵƮҲŹǰƵݺվ䡣
žણɩֱ̧б̧ⲻƫпɭ䣬һϥǣɭƺһͨһȥʤѷ֣ɩһվͷѾðһϸܵĺ顣
ˡɭʹ䣬ЦݣԼһĸ֣дǳ
žžžһͬʱعͷҶŰ˳峯


275 ʱѧ
ʣ벻ɩĹɭҶŰǰЦ˵ɩԺҲҪѧ򣬲֪ϲϽأ
ɩ¶һ˿ɬ˵洫ָصİʽҶҪȤҵȻϽֻ̣ѧҪԿ࣬ûиѼЧǿ廹ǲġ
Ҷ˷ܵͷֻҪѧ湦ԿҲ£쿪ʼÿǰһСʱ𴲣ҹ򡣡Դʶͺͷ湦ѧȤǣɩԸԼ޲Ͼѧ
ɩЦ˵Ҷ٣ѧˮʯĥ룬õѧҲֻǻӣҪѧ翪ʼҽֻеӴ˲ʼ
ҪòʼҶ̲סһ䣬֪๦Ļ治Ըֻϻ̫ʱ䡣
ɩ¶һǿЦݣ˵ҵҹǰڵվ꣬ˮվ꣬÷׮վһ꣬ÿСʱܹվſʼѧ򡣡
ҶһƵ˵ʱ̫ˣҿûģҪÿһСʱҰСʱȭŹô
ɩԥһ£˵ͷҲԣҵĹҪͬʱҲҪϰҵǰ˵еĻ꣬ûʽУһֿӦǿ־鷳ˡ
ҶҲǻһ칦ôǱģ칦ϵķټϹɩҵ书ʽ°빦뵽Ц˵ˮĥҿһһѧʽһʱӦûвЧ
ɭüͷ˵Ҷ٣ɩĹǴӵҰݱģľûлֻѧƤëҽһЩø񶷵Ĺʵá
ҶɵһЦҾϲҹÿһȥѧ͵ǶˡɭĻһϲ칦ǵĹ򣬼ϰӦòͻ
ɩЦ˵ҶϲҾḶ̌洫ĹҲûдˣѧҶ̡
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ɩϲʤģͻȻһ̾˿˵ִṦⶫǿѾûãҴ꿪ʼ͸ŵѧţѾʮ꣬嵹ǲٺҲΣӻƾ˫׬Ǯ
ǿƼٷչʱִɱӳִǰ𵽵üԺԲƣΨһĺôɩ˵ģһܸɻĺ壬ٺҲҪ׬Ǯһֻ׬ǮĻ
ҶЦ˵ҪǮҲҪ׬и·ӣС׬һʣ˵ˣĩСʱÿ׬鲻⡣
飿ֺ£ɩ׬Ǯʱ˾˵ǸСĿǮܽܶѡ
ҶЦݣһ˵ȻģҲûҪҴţʵǽȥʱڣһμǮ˱ȫһÿһֲ٣׬һΣԣ֪ԸԸ⣿
ɭ˼ĴֺµȻԸ⣬ڴ󲿷ֶǰ裬淢״û
ҶɵͷУһɩ˼أ
ɩԥһʵҶ٣ȷ𣿡վСʱܵõ飬Ҳ󲻵ĺ£̫˷Щʵ
ҶһĴȷֻҪͬǮأһ£׬鲻ףʱܷΣգҪˡ
ɩ˵ÿǣҴӦˣΪĺȱǮ׬һһʡ
ҶһĨ΢Ц˵ãôˣĴٸ̸̸Ҿȥϴú˯һһûϴˣ׻˵첻ϴڳϴ費µڳֻܸӪʣ
˻ҹټϼָڣҶɸоԼðһ̳ζٲϴһ̶ֻӬΧתת
ɩЦ˵⻹ףڽݾˮϴ˯һ㶨ʱ䣬ҿ÷ٽ𴲡
ҶƤգһ۾˵Ϣˣһ翪ʼƽղ㡣ʱҲ


276 
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һ䣬ҽǰƵʽƳʽ⹲ʮƣÿһƶãν̰ãѧʮƣһƣ·
ɩһֱֳһƣķת̧ƲƳһһ죬̧ߣ˴Ź֣ȻгȥһƵҶɺͷ
Ҷֻιһ磬ܵɩƶɳһ˵ڶƣҶײػ
˫է֣ɨ֣ƽǰϮƲ죬Ҷɺɭø
ҶҲѧȻһ£˵ƹסֽƣƴСӣֻҪ󣬲ŹˣץһѵӣһһȥԹԵģСҪꡭ
ɩĻɫ΢΢һ䣬̲ס޵ҶٺһҶײػͳ˼ɱУ˼ʮҲûҪĶʽ书ֻΪǿ壬ЩǺõġ
ҶЦ˵Ҿôһ˵Ҽˣɡ
ɩ˵ͷг˵ƣȺƣƣƣͻѺƣ졭ʮƣɨǧ
нгʽƣӦһƽһһЩҪϸҶ«һ飬оеǰ㲥٣ʦһ飬ͬѧǸһ顣
ɩƶ΢ЦʵղʮƵʽǼס˶٣
ɭʵʵ˵ҼסƣӦʽҲǿסˡ˵ʱϴһ˿ЦݣҪ֪ʮܼƵʽҪѾ൱ǰʦȺ
ҶЦ˵ȫסˣҵһơ˵˫һᣬг˵ʮƣɨǧھƣ೭ˮѺءһ˿ظһɩʽһһ۰ֲңǵģʮҲĵطǰûκ书ȫƾǿļʽȫ
ɩЦ˵ҶٹȻţʮʽҪûаڼϰܿͻڻͨ
ɭ˵ԭΪԼܼסѾˣû뵽ôһţ̫ˡ
ҶЦ˵ûʽֻסһЩӹ򡣡˵ʱͶɳ̲ϵޣͷһתͷɭ˵ɭܲһĵǸɳޡ
ɭһޣ˵λҪĵѶȣ԰ɡ˵һ̧ƶһĳһơ
޷һ죬·һεУƫƫȴûе£ɭһ˫ƽĳֻö죬žવء
ɩЦ޵ܺãڹѾﵽھŵĳ̶ȣڹǿһЩҲǿ˶١
Ҷ¸ǣǰǰ´죬޴ɳأ߳ޱȥأЦ˵ԡ
ɭһ࣬˫ĳƣ죬ƫƫȴûе£ܴͨﵽѾɣҪһɳе޲ס
ɣھ㣬ɩܲ
ɭҡҡͷ˫ƣϷɩЦЦԡ˵껺ߵɭվ̧ĳһơ
࣡͵һžһ£Ұɳ̳һСѣվһԵҶǰץ޴ɳ˫˷ܵ⡣
ɭ˸Ĵָ޵ûƾҾͲˣƾƹҪһݱ֮ĹӦɣҲҪడ
ɩЦҡҡͷǣҶǰҲҹһݱڵĹǸˣϺ
Ϻǹɱôɭһ¶һĨŵı飬ϺǸĸ˵ĲƲ׸ಮ٣ڴҵڹⶼ൱ϧʮǰɳ͵ʱ˰ܣ˵ʱ˺׷أ˫ҽ𣬽Ա˳ɹѣյ´߳ŭİǹɱ
ʱ¼ֵ÷зݴϺԱ˲ɱλھǰĹɩ
ɩ̾˿˵ٺҲȲǹԴǴԺҾԸݷݵĸķҲʲôڣŹΪҶⱲҶǰ񡣡˵Ѿ˫۷죬ҲԸ䵱Ƕʹ¡
һ촫˶Ĥѭȥֵֻ˵ϣҶǰ죬ɳϵ㶷


277 Ͷ
Ҷ뵹صнԶղԿһƹȥղųƵ˲ƺоһĳɳ޾Īĵˣѵţٷһԣ뵽ٴ̧ƶŵϵĳ
޼ȻΧɳҲûһ
ɭЦˣŸղҶû޴ȵڳƵ˲䵹ˣ龪һ
ҶҧҧһʵĳƣȻûа㶯ֻҡҡͷջ˰ơ
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ҶһƵĵ˵ͷ˵ðɣ͵ҪɭȥĪһˣ˽һ°СȵⶼöˣҲû׼ţèצƵġ
ɩЦʵǻ緹ôʲôԵĲȥ¸˰ǧѡ
Ҷһ˼˵緹ͲˣҲ˵׼˲죬ʲô˶Եģʱٴ绰ɡ
ɩϵޣҶ΢Цŵ˵ͷλٶĹܺദķҲһ׮¡
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ãҸطԸһ¾У߰ɣ
һ𳯱ȥҶͻȻתĳһƣҡҡͷתǰȥ
ࣣĺһڴ˻תۻָƽ
Īұˮ壬իһӳ̣ȫ԰ʽȺɽˮţԼһһ˶˶豸һӦȫСȵľֲ̨򡢽Щֲ˽ʣеѾʮϣÿ¶ܸ˶ṩһ
ɭҶΪټѾ̲ݣտˣǸĺõط
ǿļҶѧӦ֣ҪֻɭһգֻСʱܶݳڳ϶ȦٶȲ죬ƽȣִܽѧɭҲñӣȥһЩ֦һأСҶѧϰԽϺ͵
̶̰СʱҶɾ˳ݳɣɭһֿʼ⳵ܺһЩʱҪעϸڣ֮ĶҶƾǿļ̵жȫμУܶԴ
Ҷ٣ҼǿģǼܿʺӦ飬ΪԶ֪·ϻʲôͻ˶Ͽ·ϿͬһҪõ̬Ϊͼ㣬Լ̹
ɭޱİмʻ֪ʶԼĥľ̸Ҷɣ̴ѧȷǼ顣
ҶɵͷһЦҼˣҲ񴴸һڴ·ϰѳӵɻ
ɭЦ˵ˣҼѧģҼõģӲٵĳѾһͨ޷ĳ̶ȣóϲֵּóĸ֡
ҶһʵǰɣҲ֣
ɭ΢Ц˵ȷһ̨ⷨܳټӣʱٿԴﵽʮٹ룬һܿʮңӲԽܣǺܱģһȥͷûͬܳ˴Ͼȫͬˣ̨۵ܷӵ쾡£ʱ򳵾ǿֵģô
ҶЦЦѹǻ˵ԼʲôѧģȫһɭŴٳߵʵЩĶﰵö⣬лһҪ򴴸һЩļɣһ̨óҲһܣżһҲ
ɭ̧˿ֱЦ˵ҲûʲôɽˣȥŪСӿһ죬ȡݰѼ֣ʱҲˣ绰ϵĪңھ͹ȥ
ҶͳֻͨĪϪĵ绰˵⣬֪үүˮɭȥ
еˮСſڣҶɿĪϪڴǰվţɭͣͷ⣬΢Ц֡
ĪϪ첽߹ϳ˵үүҴȥٻҲһ档
Ҷɴϲæ˵ðָ·Уɭȥ˳ҸطˮʲôģСȣҹȥֿܲտհɣ
ĪϪЦ˵ҵ֪ϲһּҰңҪ̫ɽҰңҪĿԴȥ
̫ɽҰңҶüͷ˵滹ǸģǶֻ¾úܣǮҲûط򡣡
ĪϪ΢΢һЦҵ֪һңҲǺԶԴǹȥ
ҶɶʱϲüңЦ˵лҾͶãһңþԸ


278 Сٻ
ĪϪҶǼ̫ɽҰĵ̣ʹҶһһҴۺǧˣϰ˵ƷòԵģ̵ģ̺ܳΣ۷ŸͷϴܣСҶӾ͸оǮĳƱѶ
һҶֳҺϰʹһԽʲôʨͷĴңȥĨˮ⣬ڿڴҵģȻǴͷҪײҪϳֱס
סǼ䳤ӵũҴԺвףҶɭţźҸĪϪһԺǰһ۾ͿϹһѴ
Ҷһʧ˵ţ治ڼңֻлسϵˡ
ĪϪ΢΢һЦõȣܾǰͲˣ˴Ұϡ˵ӿڴͳһԿ״һŤણ£˽ȥ
Ժ÷һϾɵСľ¥ԺһҡˮһĴףΧ΢ȼ𣬸ðŰɫԺƮһɵҩζ۵ĪڲԣԷľͰ
ҶɿСõηľ¥ǰҲ֪ȥ죬ô׷һϲ磬Ϫ㣬ôˡ
Ҷͷһѭķȥֱֵĸ׿һͷȻòƾֱܲ³Сٻվԭش̰˹ȥ
ܵԣҶɿСڸڣֻ¶һʪԴС˵ģˮ˷ɡ
ҶһŵļʵٻôˮˣȲȣ˵ʱѾ˴ףˮȣ֣ҲԭŵȻһɡ
ٻЦ˵ȣĪүүڰȣѾоȿԶһˣ˵һҹû˯ղڸͲ˯ˡ
ҶתĪһһ˵ллллллòһ˵ллֻоһᣬˮۿתǸ˵ˮ˳ʡ
Ī̧ͷһۣ˵˵Ϊֻⷨ˫Ȼָ֪վȴǲܡ
Ҷͷ£˵ΪʲôһҪκȣֻҪκȲҪʲôУ֪ǹߣһа취ġʱ˹ɽӸߴͻȻٻ䣬ڳ˲ûӣԤУһа취κСõȣǧҲ
ĪһĨĹ⣬˵㻹֪ߣΪ˸ȵȷ˲˼ҲӦ֪Ĳɣ
Ҷɵͷˮ䣬Ĭ˰ε͵˵˵Ҳǲǰ֪¶С˵̫пᣬҲĸࡣ
ˮٻһ˵磬Ѿ֪ˣ֪ΪҺá˵һ룬Ѿ
Ī˵飬ѵðҩ죬Ժ˫ߡһ仰˵꣬ĿתվһԵĪϪֱʾȥ
ĪϪϳҧ´һԸת߳ԺţȻ֪ϵ׷ʲôķԸܲհ죬˭ǻﱲأ
Ҷ̧ͷ˵֪һа취κٻֻҪ˵ܶҶԸԣֻҪκȣԸκ¡
Ī˫΢У˵Ըκ£Լ˫ҲԸô
Ҷ⣬ҧͷһ˵Ը⣬ֻҪٻվȿԲҪ
磬˵ʲôٻҪȣҲҪءٻ˻ߵĴˮȪӿ
ҶḧСõգ˵ٻޣԸվˣûҲܻúܿġ
ٻѾ޵˵ֻһҡͷҡͷ
Ī˵ˣԸҲСѾͷ̫Ҫǿʲôʹҧֻһ޲ҩȥҲ޹ˣ⿪ϵѨλֻӣǵᡣ
⻰ˢˢһ㵣ٻһĳ鴤Ҷֺ̧Ĩѣ˵ǲޣʲôֻ˵
Ī˵һҵѨ֮ˣѨܶһӤִֶⷨӶвͨģڶӾҵȵѨ֮ΪǿߣֽѨҵмܲҵͿǵʵһӣǾԼȵѨ֮˸ǿ츳ǿҲҪٰʮеϣ
Ҷһ˵ѰҹߵҿһѰҹһֻҪһϣҾͲ
Ī쵭ʵ֪ʲôܽѨô


279 
ʲôܸСýѨҶɱĪʵһ飬ղȫƾһǻѪԳ壬һ治֪ʲôܸСýѨ
ҶɹؾصĳĪ˸ʮȹ˵棬Ҹôһġ
ĪɫȻһ࣬ȵ£
ͨҶ˫ϥһֱͦͦȥͷ߸̧ŶĪ죬Ϊ˰Сʲôԡ
Ī˵ߵаʦ񡣡
Ҷһͣܿعͷһֹ£ٿͷһͷǰûݹʦҲ֪ߵĴеöԲԡ
Ī΢һͷ˵ӽҵڵʮˣԴڴʦŴнǧ꣬žŹ棬Իᴫ㱾ŹֻҪŹ½⿪ѾͷϱѨλѡ
Ҷͷϲǲΰ룬ϲһλĹԸԼǵҪѵڵڹ²Ҫȵ£ǰλʦҲⲻѨλҪ⺺Ѷȿ֪ϾǸϣֻҪϣͻᾡȫȥԡ
ҶɳĬĪ˵Ϊʦޣ֮Ҳ޷Ź߳ɣſʦϹӹͨѾͷҩˮţҽ˵תľ¥ţҶתͷһСãҲſ첽˹ȥ
ĪҶ߽¥ţ˵š
ҶӦһ˷ţڵĹ߶ʱһĪѾȼյ͵ƣ֪ȡһľ˷ľϡ
Ϊʦ㿴Ī˵һ䣬Թڷ£ִľ䡣ȡһѥһһƵװ飬Щͷˣ߽ǶѾë෭ξͻɢܡ
Ҷߵ£һ˫ѥӣֻѥϸһĻۣӦ鵶µĺۼ
ĪְǱװƵҶǰ˵ǱʦϹӴףмڹź;ʽҵ˶أõİ취ǰѽ³¼һ飬нͼҲ̫мƾͺá
ÿһӶ᳭¼ⱾףһԼӡ󣬶ý׸õȥʦڣ¼ϵͼ׷ԼܿУⱾ׾Īǰ¼ĶϴѾ߲ƾɡ
ҶСָⷭף÷д仰ɵǺǺƪǰ칦һģһõĵ¾еľӣٿȥëʻļͼˣúʻСȦ滹иѨλơ
Ѿ֪˹ߣ֪֪߰Ϊǳ֣Ī˫΢Уһ⡣
Ҷ߰ΪǳɷΪ࣬ǰΪ˰СһλҽȥǰǹߣСñ˷ѨҲҽҵġ
ҽָѦүүָٻҶɻڸҽԺ֮䱼ߣڹߵҲ˸֪һ칦
Ī˵Դȥ¼ÿ쳭¼˶Ϊʦͽ٣ֻҪѾͷҩǰͺãݾ֮أÿ궼÷ļԺСסط徲ʺԺ㵹ǿԳ
ԭĪһļԺӣֱֲ÷գʱԺӽɺ󱲴ĪҺǶλ澴ҲżְǽһЩ⣬˵ĪϪܣ;֣ĪϪҲᱻȳ˾ͽҾͲһôˡ
Ҷһ˵һѽ׳¼һЩһ͹˾ģǰͨҲҪⱾ׳¼룬ͿԶѧһЩ
Īƺ룬˵̰õĵӦöģ¼׵ıΪ⵽а죬һ֡
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷˣһ鳭¼Ҫǲٳ飬͸е˼ǹؼ
Īһ˿ѵõЦ⣬˵ֻ֪к󾳽磬ȴֻõңԲ죬Բ֮ϻ졢ʥ󾳽磬ֽ㣬ܴﵽԲѾˣҵڿɽʦϹ״ӵʥǧš
Ҷɼʵ˵ǧŵ˵ô
Ī΢΢ף˵һ˽иɽһŷұӣһ㡣
ʲôҶһ㵣иˣɽŷұӻһ㣬ⶼǴʱڶﰡǾȻǵڵͬʦֵܣҲ̫˰ɣ


280 ֮
ɽŷұ˶ǴսʱڴʦŷұǧŵɽĪа񽣣һεس˵
λʦҪΪֱݳǣ˾ĹʬĸΪйţͷǽʣһı׳ңֱвϷĶӡ
˭λǧŵﶼǵڿɽӣɽŷұһң˿ɵУ˻ʹǴսʱʢ
Ī첻Ҷɵʧ̬뵱ʦλʱͬޱȣֻϧɳǧصĵڴӻԻͽ˥䣬һߵĳɳ֮·̫࿲ĥѣܻ֮٣˿Ƽٷչִǹ˭Ըȥķʮѧ䣿˥ǴһʵĴ˸ϼѡ
ĪҶΪͽһ˼ǣλͻ͢ԨսʱܲŤתܾ޵Уǳ˽Ļʲôԭ򣬶Զһݴ飬Сױ߷סѨλҲע󽫻һѣΪͽٲ޷Ҳ˱˼
Ҷɵ۾˰ΣڴлعʵʦʦϹʲô磿ﰵ²⣬ͽܶѾʥλʦү϶ţ׻ţɸʲô̶أ
Īһ˵뵱Ҳʦʹͬ⣬˼˵ʦү龳Բӵͨ쳹صı£Ѿ޷ڣֻһ;
ҶɼʵʦʲôѲôѾȫصĹУ˸׼ⱦһһ
ĪǵЦŨ˼֣˵зһ˵ΪʦҲֻǲ²⣬֪еɴΪĹߣżͨǰչݵʯɽͨȻͳ˴˵еɡ
Ҷ룬ͻȻʵʦʲôҼһ˿Աɹצӣһ£˫ѥӣָоܵͺͷΪ˫ѥܵ÷ɿ죬Ҳƴ
Īһ࣬˵飬ֶϹʱھʹϣ󲿷ƽ͵ģûκҲӵгѰϹʱھ˽£Դף׿ԿǿԽˣʱ׽ĳЩػ֣꣬ΪʦҲ˽帽񣬻ӽնɱ龡𡣡
Ҷִϰγ鵶ϣ˵ѵϴΰϪļһģǸ˿ŵҪ
Ī鵶˵Ѿ̲кǿִ۽Ϳһ˱ҲԽǿĳЩŵرͬҲӵͨʳõ;ǵתɣͿǿ˱õʱͬʹñʱҲ߰ΪΪʦҲ֪һЩ飬һˡ
飬ϹʱھѾڣʷȹ߻Ҫƾã飬󲿷űɢȥ٣ӦǵĴڣԴڱ壬ǿ֣֮ĳ˵ǰӵǿıӵеҲǿһͷͻһֻҪǿͻ֮ĳЩϹСޱȵĶ
ĳ˵顱ҲڶʱʧȥɢܸܵɢḶ́һ硢һ쳣ζһ졭ϢӰ١ʱ̣֪ܶĶҲǳޣЩӵǿڱܴںܳһʱ䣬ǱǰĳЩﱾϣӶЩӵǿ
Ī֪ġ顱һּ壬顱˻ӵԶͨ˵еġ顱˱ǰ⻹вʶ帽˱˼ܴܵӰ죬Ϊܣֱ帽ԥӽնɱ񲻾ǰɱıϷ
ת۴ͷȥĪ콲˹ڡ顱һЩ飬֪ĺޱҶɣ̫޷͵Ķ֮治Уֻ֪ò׺һݣӵбͨ˸䴫дϢ֪ҲͨҪöࡣ
ҶɾʦĽз·һȹ½֮ţڵĵʲôǾʷ׳ʻΣķֻеԼȥ̽


281 ս
ʦԺ뿪ʱѾϦб£ҶɭȰĪϪͻˮ̷ؼУؼ¥ҳһֽʼֳдס
õǷС֣øֱʳдҪ࣬Ҷһ߳дһĬǣӺƵķɿתҪŬѽȫУа©
ʱȥһƪܸٳ¼ɣҶɰѳ¼õĸֽ˳ãԺйһ飬ܸнǵΪڣжӦ֮ȻҪѭ˳ӦȻɣҲһһҪѭȻֻ
˳ȻΪ˳ӦȻ֮Ľһ֮ĲŽҶǿܸܶٵݷȥĬ飬Ѿģû˳¼ĶҲܵ
Ҫ¼ǽУܹΪУÿһжҳһҳд֣Ҫ죬ڶҳǻͼҳдķھҶɳ¼ٶȺܿ죬˵ڶҳòٶȣͼһϸ¹򣬲ܼ꣬ÿһ¶ҪŽ׿һ飬ûһЩ֦Сڡ
ͼҶɲУٶҲСʱǿһͼϸԱȽϵͼκСϸڶ©˵Ҳ棬һʽг¼оԺһӣýˮʩʣѾȻѿ
ûлεֻ֣һ򵥵֣һУڶСھУҶɼǿҪǼнѣҪ⵽оȴףѾ¼˵һУֱֳָģеĶһпƽԼϰپԣͷӿһȲҪұһĳ嶯
Ҷ̧ͷһƽסͷ¼ڶУԼСʱڰѵڶг¼ϣ֪Ѿҹ࣬ûаƣ룬˴һֿܵ״̬֮Уʼ¼ССУ¼ʱѾͣ±ʣϽպãڴ˯˹ȥ
Ѿ˯ȥԺȴڲŽУ㱼ʶгһĿģС˶һƽ״һһʽУС˶ɻԾС˶Ҷɶܲ׽ԷжĹ켣ֱһ绰ѡ
ҶִӴͷ绰洫һͳҶ٣ˡ
ҶĴɣ˸ͨ˯ᡣ˵Ҷϵ绰˯ԺеС˶ûгǺú˯һ
һ˯磬Ҷ𴲺ϴһ´Ͻ׺¼ʽнɭһֱʦסڶŨȤ޲̾ѧСý⿪ϱѨλ
ũҴԺǰҶɭɻ³ƿԺ˽ȥٻȻҩˮУĪһҨľͰеĺںҩˮ˳Ÿױ߻£ޱרעͽܵҲϾתͷһۡ
Ҷɿ첽ߵԣһ˷ܵ˵ʦѾ¼˵Уٽȫꡣ
ţܿ졣ĪͷҲ̧ҨһҩˮڣƵ˵ȥţҩˮܴƤƤ
ҶͷŶһܽ˷䣬ʦҩˮĹðѳ¼Ľһ飬Ҳܼӡ
ʽûа©ͼ㲻Ͼ̬Ҳ⡣Ҷɷ飬гڴ֪ʦʲôŪһ˻ǱˣС
ţĪ컺߽˷䣬ҶɸϽ˸豭һ裬ЦеĶŲ豭ʦʦȿڲ衣
ĪҲȥӣߵǰ£Ҷɳ¼ĽⷭҶɶŲ豭߹£Ц˵Ҷˣֻܿҡ
Уսֻ֣ʱδĪ˹׳⣬ָһҳֽ
Ҷһ˼ս۾Ž⣬
ĪͷҲ̧ʵУʱƷںδַźδ
Ҷɴս̧߷ϵƺҪ֣Ҳ֪ĸλֻܼͼԱúʴ˸С㣬׼Ķ
ĪǹһĨǳǳĻȣʳ˼ױ˺ӵ⣬ҶɶܶԴľ⣬ǵǰ¼кʦҲʹʱһͽѾ
ܺãѳ¼õĽõĲˣ
Īͽܵʷǳ⣬ȴ飬뵱Ҳ̹ļѵĵӣǰͣڷһ߳ɾ͸ߵͣϰɣЩ۲źá


282 蹷¼
Ҷһ㵣˫㶶ϳ¼ĽУǻȥһϹĳ¼ĶʦΪʲôԼȥյԥ˰Σҧҧǵֽ߳⣬ˮִ˼룬ҡҡͷеĸֽ¡
ֽȼյĲܿȼƬƬĺɫֽҡ
Ҷתص䣬վĪԣʵһԭ򣬵ʲڣʦһԭ򣬻Լ¼òϸ¡
ĪָָϵĽףޱʵ㻹ǵЩĵطô
ҶɵͷʵʵĴǵá˫ŽףʦһˬԼⱾҲȥˡ
Ī˵ûȥǰٳһ飬
ŶҶӦһְѽϣ˵ʦˡ
ȥɣĳ¼һ飬رЩĵطҪӱģȥɣ
ĪֶǱһڣĿ˵
Ҷɶʦһת߳⣬ûȥˮױ߸СģֱԺ˳ӡ
ɭƺЩ⣬ʵҶ٣ȥ
ҶɰеĽպãԺͻȻһʵɭ֪нôֳ
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Ҷ˫էЦ˵ֻҪüǮ⣬ھʹҹȥƣˣȴȥȡǮ
ɭӦһ˳ӣЦ˵ǼҹŶ꿪û죬Ѿ˳ȥ֪ǰʱֵú׵ķ蹷¼ô
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ǰҶҽԺſţ˵˵ʲôǷ蹷¼
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ݱг蹷һȮһ԰Ȯ׳ЯпȮҧ˺ü·ˣǹܹΪרųһ֧ӣɱ蹷ڷ蹷ûĽֵ·迨أ˹蹷쳣֣ʮ˵Ĵ򹷶ûޣҴ򹷶Աҧ˺üе̨ʱص㱨˷蹷飬Сģÿ컹ǲ񱻷蹷ҧˣȮһʱ˽ʡ
ͨ蹷´β´ˮʳʶңҧ˵蹷ȫڳҹѡĹˣǰרҧ˸ŮͯԴӳ˴򹷶Ӻ蹷·һתԣר򹷶ԱԱǴ˺ķҲûãҧ߷λã򹷶Աҧ˵ÿյ
ַ蹷򹷶ԱҲˣҹݷëɱ֣ҧһ̵ͷܣתۼʧӰ٣·ΰװļͷҲѲ׽ǵȷλã򹷶ӳ˴ӣÿ춼кüȥҽԺŶӴ磬ֻҪ蹷ҧһεĶԱ˵ʲôҲϹˣǹԸְ
һʱ蹷Ű˺ͷʹڷ蹷ûһҹŶ̿Ӫҵ·ϡ٣˵ǿԴϰҲ˶ߣҶͣ
ϰ֮һķӣѵڼŶ⣬˿ֽ֮İϷ˲·ΧۣҲ׼һѱɵıͷ۸񲻷ƣղذ滹УҪʲôľЩֵˣοһ֪ЩǷеϰ崵档
Χԥĵڣ·ϴһҺƵȮͣǶʱը˹Ƶܿвٴֱӳ˵̡
·蹷׷ҧߵӣѪ죬ҽ̷˹蹷񲢲׷˿ҧʱϰһŭȣִһԵıϳһ䵶ǰһ˳嵽蹷ǰ䡣
ֻ죬ŹͷһԣûԴĹأǰȥԶų鴤¡ϰ̧һ˦ϵѪճ
蹷ϰɱδǻعʱһ󻶺蹷׷ҧ򹷶Ա˵ϰǰһлϰӢ¾ٶҲҹŶȵЩ蹷ҧڵǰűڣҶ̨Ҳרű׮١
ŶԭΥĳЩĶҲΪϰйزһ۱һۣһʱŶĿﲻǳ𱬡
ɭ˷蹷¼ιŶ飬Ҷ¶һĨ˷ܵЦݣаö⣬ҪȥǼҵһѳֵĺý


283 
Сʱ󣬳ͣ˹ŶǰҶɿΪͣλͣ˲ٺó˵Щ˶ĽŶģһϴ˳³߽˵š
һ䲻ʮƽĵ棬вʮˣ̨ǰ´СñĵԱæתǽŸֹŶҶϴߵ̨ǰԹԿ
ڹ˸ʽӵıſűҲ˲٣Ϊ֮ϲִϲΪլа֮ãòϣһѹڼϾʱһҲǸѡ
νŶкܶ඼ִƷǩдŹŷͷΣҪ󲻸ߣһȥҲľ߹ͼֵĹŶҲУ۸񲻷ƣĹŶ߲ѿе⵽ĿȫǣģԶִƷ
ҶɶԱȫУϹҵ鵶˫ϧ̫СֱϰиʣƫЩзĹŽʦŵǰѽ൱
ڷΪƷƷƷһؼ۲ƷǰվˣΨؼ壬˵Ķˣ಻ѣܶ⵽ĿȫǣֻʣһĽҽһܵ飬ֱļֵȫڱֱϣʧȥ˹ͺͰֵΪһĲƷҪҵ۹⣬ʱ򻨸߼µĶҲһǮֵеһ޶
ϲͣڲƷһ䵶ΪնǣϹһ񲼣˵˵ķ蹷ǱնԴûбۣϰȻ֮
Ҷɼмʼ۶ԱлѵǷƷƷ·ڷ˵飬һԪĩ佫彣Ʒã۾ʮһƴ彣˰ƴصƷõĴ彣٣ӦоƷ
ãͱ·һѼɤҶɸоһ£ƫͷһһϹŰ׽ӵ˼˽ӿڴͳһ֧Ʊڹ̨ϣָǱ彣˵ʮˣ
Ա΢΢һ㶣Ͻϰ֧ƱҶƲƲ죬ŴŹ̨ߵڵؼΪ˿ͣвּ۸ıǰڷڹ̨ļϵģɹѡߵһ⼣߰ߵĳ˵ַ£һۼԵ˵ǼƷ
ϰʮѵѾòģǽĶԳһЩڽ˹̨ڣΪģҶĿڼһɨһͭĺע⣬߹ȥһۼԵ˵Խ
ԽѾԶǽƷҷƵˮƽߣƷԽֱȻãҷޱȣƵĽѾˡҶ߹ȥֺз̫϶һСֽ˵ϰˣӶ¶пܶϳأҡҡͷ׼ؽŻԭ
Ӧ֮顭ϵʾͽȻ𣬰ҶɾһЩеڵϣʶгһʰ쵵ĹȦȦаһ߷ߵĶͷнǣצ˫ᣬֶ˵емơ
ˣѵѽҶɻһʱüľ鿴ֻҪʾͨɴƶ⼣߰ߵҲһʲôöô˵뵽ߵ̨ǰʵѽǮ
Աһλ΢ֵæкλƺûҶɵѯʣǸӵ˸ףƫͷһеؽ¶һĨмЦݣ˵ַͭҲ㽣ŶӰۡ
Ҷôֻɫ̧еؽʵѽǮ
΢ֵתͷһҶеؽڴԽٰʮ顣
Ҷһ˷ܵ˵ãˣҰ˵ѽڹ̨ϣϴóһƱŷ̨ϡ
ƫͷڸװĵԱ˵ȥкǱߣｻҾͺˡ
ŶԱӦһеİװߵҶɸǰƱŽһԵĵ㳮ֽǮ㿪˷Ʊӹ̨·ȡһΰװ׼ؽװ
˻ҲְװУָŵԱȡİװдϵıŵú񿴵һֻȵĸ⡣
üͷ˵нİװһû𡣡
ָŹ̨ϵؽ˵ǿͭҲǽ𣿼ֱǽװʺ
ǽǼ˼ҲҶڱһٵĳŭˣĶһȥ


284 ؽ
ƺû뵽ҶɻͻȻԼһ䣬ܻĴ˵Сӣ־ķͭҵıϵùҲһѣѾʹ佫ҪһͭСһ
Ҷɷ˸ۣ˵ûйҪĽĨȥ˵ץؽŽװУǳȥ
һͣ⣬үסýСӡ
Ŀ̳ǰͬʱֵҶǰȧǸͻڣһ֪Ǳˡ
Ҷüͷ΢ƫͷ·ӣʵô˼ôɭվڵԶԼͷʾ⣬ֻҪļһҶһɭһἰʱֹ
೤ӵ˳Ц˵ûʲô˼׬ǮĻѣֻҪͬýһҾ͸ǧ飬ɣ
Ҷɹü˼˼룬˵ǧ飿Ҫǽô㣿ɭһԿҲõǰˣᣬԾͣ档
ƺǰЧϵı࣬Ц˵ܼ򵥣ĽǧߣҵĽ˳⳥⻹ǧ飬ܹƽɣ
Ҷɰǰһ죬˵ܲƽϲȸǮ˵ǧҵġ
ǹһ˿ЦӿڴͳǮǧŵҶϣƤЦⲻЦ˵ǮúãүǼ÷ͭ
ҶɽӹƱվڵԵɭ˻ӣ˵ɭõ㶫Ǯ͡
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Ҷɴ򿪰װȡؽְڳһеʽָڽһ˵˲㣬绹ǶģǺý͸糤ֻ֤һͭ䣬΢΢һ𷢳һϸŵĲ·ڱʾĲˬ
һЦսһ飬Ǻһʣҫһýâ
ڵĿ˵˱Ƚȫ֣ܳϰҲеĻ˳佫֮һòģĽƷڻ£ǳո֣ӮǸͷ
Ҷ˫סǰһ죬Ц˵ɣȿҶţ׼࿳
һЦģȥдҳҫͷ˵϶
ٳҫ棿ɭüһ䣬ƺµ˽еʡᣬвٹϼڶҷֹ˾ǰ㶭³Ŷȥֹ˾ҲͬμӹӦ꣬ԶһЩΪϤ
ٵͷ³ŶżȻ𣬾˵Ƕļ˽Ӫй˾ϰĶӣҫ̼ͨϰĶӣڶе̼ͨ񷢼ңȫʡĵ֮һϼҵ֪λôڱ
ҫƺЩɭԼͷƫͷһ£ʵʶң
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ҫ¶һĨЦݣӶһеĳ˵ûѵϸɫġ
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ҫһ˫ֳֽ߸߾Ҷеؽȥõλʱȴ˼˵˿ҪǵһͰѶԷĽδ̫Ȥˡ
ҶһؽĲλһ¶Ļһ⣬񱻴һڵľ飬ȥЩ
ҫˣ˸СֶΣղһʵĽؽһͷϲҺøղûȫһ¿˾ûˣǧ鳢ζֵá
Ҷ̧ؽһۣƲƲ˵ûϣӶث˵ְѽ쵽˳ҫǰڳһοζļơ
ҫ浭һЦ˵ƺˣڶˡ䣬߾гؽ޷洦¡
꣡һƴӦ£¶һĨ۵ڹ⣬ƽӳԡ
ۣŶʶĿѾ˶ߣòؽǬ
Է棿ôɰɣŶĿƺмңһһֹееôªķƷڸסڲصƷһֻƷϵжֵƷȴܺõǷƷٲŻ¶ƷǰѽƷؽкܿһֵƵı
ҫĿһݣҧеĳ˵ʲôүһϡδ䣬ĳХն¡


285 ʦǽ
ǺॡһԽĽ˶ĤҫֻһᣬֵͨĹŶֻʣ²УԣֵĹŽܲҲ˲дƷֵۿۣ׵֪ôϵġ
Ҷ۾Ц˵꣬Ҳˣѽʲôͭ˸С©лˡ˵վһԵɭ˸ɫŽ첽Χ۵Ⱥͣȥ
ҫγѰعһµӵ𣬶´ɵվʲôȥȥܻǮӶҪǰѽ
ӦһһСܳ뿪ķ׷ȥϧѾ뿪ﻹ׷õӰӣ
ɭɳۣҶںͷ鵶С޳ؽϵǣ鵶ְ죬ڳʻſʱѾ󹦸ɣһڹؼա
ȫһףͿưͭǰȥһǽȻͨҪֱ࣬뽣һΣͨںīȴһĨ⣬ûлεҲûκ׭ģһһص
Ҷɺϲڽз͵Ҫ̫໨εĶʵ˾ģûҪںʲô
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ҶЦҵԣҪиֽһĶͺˡ
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Ҷ˫һŽ˳Ƶ򿪺䣬Ȼи۴ֵƸ˹˳̧˹ȥ
ͣ˹һأҶϸоһпڣƽһë̶ûУͷƲסһϲڽķ̶ʮ⡣
ɭ³ߵǰϵ˹ͷ˿¶һĨĽЦݡ
ýٿһԣ
Ҷս˹̣תпһۣһ׵㶼ûУķ̶ֻ²ѷ鵶һһศɣвһ̫ˣûнʣ۵úܣڲʲô̽ߵʱϱᱻ˿һñӣǷЯƵߣٺõĽҲֻڼ档
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Ҷͷһϲʵļٵģ
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ҶɿЦǸãھͻȥӡߴ磬ѶֻѡõģöǮҸ
ɭüͷ˵⻰ҾͲˣһʻ˼ǮҪʱһپˣ˵ʲôǮǮġ
ҶӣЦ˵Уǵ˾ƹܹܱ
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ҶЦϣš˵źڽȥɭ
Ҷ٣ѽʲô
꣡Ҷڴһ䣬ǰС
ʱ÷ɿ죬תһ죬ҶʦĻʽ³¼һ飬ÿγЩϻѶĵطܻͣϸϸĥ˵Ҳ棬ĥһǰѶĸȻһ⿪ʣ¼μϣȥʦ·а˼⣬ʦԸ³¼һ飬͵Ǽӡˡ
÷ԺǰԺŽգҶְŻߵ£һҲ˿ţ붯ߵ£ͷͿȣ̧ͷһĪվǽͷһԼ
ʦ˼Ǹ˰Ҷӣ۰Ͱʦû뵽һʹʶ÷ƣʦǽͷӭһʪͷţ̲סһЦ
Ī쵭˵һ䣬Ծ¸ǽ˫̧ǰȥ
ҶɸϽӿŲȥܿ췢ߵĸʦŲֻܰȿܣܳȥ׹˸ʦͣһԺǰһۣһԺӡ
ˣʦǽѵģҶɿϵĴ̧ͷһ׿שǽҪȥ治ס
ôԺӵ⣬ԺڴʦСж´ιǵôһµġ
ҶɻȻ򣬸ʦҲûԿװѹҪǽѧʦһְۣγ鵶


286 ˴
Ժ˾ջֵջʢʱڣҶ߽Ժӿ۶Ǿջ졢ơסīϡ̡ȡۡأɫջභޣӣһɾջζƢ˾Ϊ֮һˬ
Ī츺վԺΨһĿյϣ紵İۣᶯǱһַ緶
Ҷų¼õĽߵʦǰʵʵ˵ʦʽ³һ飬طҪһȥٳһ顣
Īޱ˵ˣΪʦڰ㳭¼Ľһ飬ˡδ䣬ʣת֮һƬĻâнҡҷˣһһʽ͡
ʽĪ콣ˮƣ̹֮ʢľջ֮裬ָ֦ƫת·һεǣű任̬
ǻַǻ֦ͻšҶ˫۽ʦеĳȴĿϾӵУ죬ȴе˼ϼ֣ͷתٶԶб任Ƶʣ˵ôǲ죬˵ôȴҲתԺнÿհһƬ
ĻȥʣĪƺûжޱҶɣʵô
ҶһãȻҡҡͷ˰ֵ˵ͷüͷ˵ףʲô
ĪһĨǳǳĻȣ˵۾ȥ򡣡
Ҷ˫ɣͨ˫ۺ£Բ˼¾
ĪʣͷԾ뵱ʦһνڽҲõͬķӦǰٶ֪࣬ʱ붨ʽģҪǽ⣬Ҳڣ⵽ˣʽȻͻˡ
ʱ·ѾͣͣԺһƬҶɴʱ˿Ѿȫ뵽һֻȻҵ״̬ʦз·ǽУһ⣬һֻƣʱͷϸ꣬ʱμ²ɵ֮ת˽֮Уʽƾն΢׵ı仯
ҶԼһԼѰҴ𰸣һ⣬ܶʼԴ𣬴ĦʦĪ콣е⾳һʹ֣Χһоڽָ֮£һʹȴԹתаضɱһ·ããȻѰٲš㱼Ժƶһ˿򣬽䣬ΨĲףķмصһ䡣
һ˿˿Ҷգ˫̧ۣͷһڵգС꣬ˮͣͷϣ˿˿ġ
ˣҲˣ¼ʣУͲˡ
Ī챳˫վǰ·û뿪Ƭ̡
Ҷ¼ʽлڵϣͷһȦȴһֽƬҲû̧ͷʦ촽˶Ҫʡ
ϣ˾߰ɡ
ĪҲͷһƮȻ𣬼Ծʧڸǽ֮⡣
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ͣϵطһһ߹ȥϳɭһڵĺзЦ˵˰ɣѹûɩѧƣԭ˸ʦѧһҪаۺҶ־ٶ׵ó˽ۣҶһǰĪλʦϰһżĽﰵѧеͷһ̽̽ڷ硣
Ҷɽҿа˼ڣˬ˵аֻҪѧҾͽ̣ʦҲû涨ˣĶҲ٣ǿԻѧϰɣ
仰ͺãֻҪϳԿһĶȫ̸㣬Ҳѧһʱ˵ɭϲѸٷӳǰʻȥ
Ҷһ·źзоĺзر㣬ΪӶˣŵϰ˵㣬ܺãȴˡ
һҹϸ겻ͣҶҹʽȫ¼ϣڶɭɩСʱƣȥѧУ˺ü٣γһأֻܺúѧϰ񲹹Σʦ˵ֹϵɹÿؾڽŽ֡
úܳʵĪоʽк͵ڹϤĽ飬Ҷһһľɵĳķôһ䣬أɽ־ľĿһ죬ֱоеľǧŸһ䣬һӳжǧصоΪ֮һ
ת۵ĩǸʽԼõӣҶùɩɭһװƷʢʶֳǣǼһμӻڹ˽
ʻʢʶֳǰҶԶԶʽվſӭӣԻվһһŮеĸߴͣŮĸò毺ãرǶԷ˶ĵĴè׳ΪĿĽ㣬СҶӼóͷȥĳ嶯ŮǾʶҵһμĵطʢʶ


287 ʽ㷢
ʽԵŮ½ƣһ使εεĴ̰ƫƫҶɼ仨ͻоϵһ鴤
ͣʢʶֳſڣʽ첽߹˳ţЦŴȤôҶϴ󣬵˵ط³Ҫ㰡
Ҷ³һ۶½ƣһõʵ㣬ôѾˣҲ֪ǸƤĲԸ
ʽЦ˵ֲ鸱ֳѣ½ٺͲܾٹЭάֱλλڳҲܸǼ᲻ѹ˼һܲưɣ˵ʱҶʹ˸ɫһεҡҡͷ
ӰȫǶȿƷľڻֳĳЩĵ˼ɣҲڰҶɼѹ˼Ҳ鸱ֳɾԱЭҲһ˼ǲʽ㻹ǻٰ췽û취ܾ
Ҷɺܿ˲ʽ˼ڨЦ˵аɣоæҲ˵ʱ۽ǵ½ƣһĮ̧ͷգڳһʶԼģ
½ԵĴͷǰһ˵˵ˣǲκ˵æȫȨ𱾴λİҲʲôˣֻǹ
Ҷ¶һĨı飬˵ܾǰɣǷİʣǾˣڳȦУҪʲô״ֻҲ˲ϰɣ
ܾٳ˵Ҳ֪ʲôҹҪǣѾܲ𣬱λֳİȫⲻҪκβɵ˲֣𣿡
ҶҡҡͷҲ̫ףûʲô˶԰ɣ
½ü΢˵Ҷɣˮˣʮ꣬־ͶڱһУУ԰ɣܿΪһеСϴ󣬲ָʹ¬¹ҹܻĿȨСϰˣܶŹѰ£ƾ⼸ȥ׸ꡣ
Ҷһ㵣̧˵ǲ黧ڵİҪ˵ĻڰͰ
סڣ½ҧݺݵһۣȻǹϡ
вŮҶƲƲ죬Сһ䣬ʧȥǣϵĺڿɲǳصġ
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ʽֻǰԲЦ˵λٷģֻαİûκìܣҶΪ˴˴λİȫ룬ЩСͲüƽˡ˵ʱһĶҶʹɫ˼ףҶϴһʱ֮
Ҷһεҡҡͷʽ㣬Ҳܣ͸𱣻ˣʡ鷳Źɩɭ뿪뵽Բʽͷյĳŵǿеͷ
ʽظ㳤һڴǿЦ˵ˣȴǽȥء
ܾٳϵûҪҲϣ˵ȴҾ𡣡
ʽһۣһõ˵ܺãεĻҲûҪˣʹ绰鸱ֳʲôԼȥ˵̴ӿڴͳֻͨһ룬ת˵绰
λͱ˵̬òʽΪ⣬ŵ绰ͷĲ鸱ֳƢ֪λרΪ˿նһۣĲֹһˡ
һͨ绰ܾ꣬ٿڴֻһ죬ͳֻͨ˵绰Ҷɶ绰ͷиڴƢǰһ̻ţBĲܾڳͷԵӦ棬ùѪͷҪһĵͷӦʽλ鸱ֳȷѡ
ŹңͷðĲܾڹ˵绰ţ¶һĨǿЦߵʽǰ˵ʽ㣬ղ̬ȲãղŲ˵ˣǾֻ𱣻λİȫ²棬ǻ
ȡʽ˵Ϊ۸ЩСϰգȡһλûʲô˵ģǮһ𡣡
̧ܾĨһѶͷϵȺȰʽ㣬ղҴôҸǸұ֤ڲĹţ黹ٿһ¡
ʽҲȡλԷĿѾﵽҲټȡ̲˵ϣܼסԼ˵ĻԼıݡ
ܾӦǣǣñݡղŴӲֵѵ֪ǰλʽд󱳾һСֲȥ̬ȷһٰʮȴת䣬һɫ
ʽҲЦӯӯĶҶ˸ƣ˵ɣҴǽȥ
ҶȻ˸Ĵָ˸ţһ߽ʢʶš


288 
ʽĻأֳǴԺȻ֮ΪǡԺеģȻȲЩֳڵĸԺһ㻰̨⣬װݻţľ߶Ļɫ̨Ѿ׼˽ĵߡ
һζѣ˿ơ齫ֽеóĶľһӦȫҪݵĽĿȫйأЩľѾ˵ߣҶǰһµߣǻʵĶûκ׵ĳɷڡ
ݵǶħձʱӲŪ٣Ҳ˻൱õĿڱμݵĳҲжߵġ
̨ϵĹϯоأҶɵҪǱ̨ϵķյİȫɭ͹ɩⷽרҵʿܿóһҪһ˳䵱֣ܸһ̨ϱݣں̨۲죬ұʱ̨ΧĶ򡭡
ʽ˵ķֻҶ飬Ц˵ʺֻ̨Ҷϴ󣬷ҪһֺһӪ컶յСߣԸһ»Ӧû⣬СҪеյ϶ġ
ҶЦ˵ʲô⣬ҿ˲Ŷ԰ɣһĶ֣˵ȥҲûţƫƫ¶ͷˡ
ʽЦʱֻһڽߣͦÿġ
ҶɿЦ˵ҵǸСֻ¶Ҳãٲᱻ˿ȴ绰˵˵ʱŪæҡ˵ͳֻͨ˷յ绰绰ܿͨ˼ȷ
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Ҷһֱż¶ȴæŲʽʵʽ㣬ղǸţ˵ʲôʲô֪ô
ʽƺ֪һʣ΢Цҡҡͷ˵ʲôҲ鸱ֳ͸¶һ㣬׶ĳλҵĴС㡣
Ҷüͷ˵СʲôѲΪ˿Ǽһ
ʽһЦпܣǶһ㲻֪ݣǸ֣ڸϳֵżɸ֣ķ˿ʲôЩഺȶŮ˵գˮ⣬ǼһﲻֹŮŮҲ鲻Խ
ҶƲƲ˵濴ڻʲôżɣҳŽҰɲ룬ˣεĳǶ٣
ʽüͷ˵ҲǺλϵãֱ
Ҷĥĥ˵׬٣һ벻ݣҼǵﲻԶ̨򳡣ʱ仹磬̨ȥ
ɭЦ˵ð漸̡
ɩһЦȥҾţһֱȵ˽Ϊֹ
ʽЦ˵ҾͲȥ̨ˣмſƬţͨѿⵥҾˣ˵ȡɫƬˣ첽뿪
Ҷɺɭ̨򳡣ķȻÿԶˣҾƯŮ˵ʣÿŮױͷŮֻҪˢһӷۣٶžӻͷƤܱȶ˵
ۼɭһŸտճ̨Ҷ˹ȥеͯæתҶԼں̨²ߵԶĸˡ
žһ죬̨ײɢҶתͷһۣϵı΢΢һͣһβŮֳ˰հںǫ̃ɢ椶ҲûѣԹԳָ˶Ϸ
žĸ̨ϻһĻߣһź״ŮԿһۺ߹ȥָһƣĸ׼ȷ󽫺ҲûаѺλֱӻһź
ž׼ȷдŮһ˦βָ˸׼һŽǶȵķǸ̵İʮʵԲκһ룬ҲҶڣŮռ̨ûаôһ˿ңŮûױϵƤ͸죬ƻˮܽأȻȥΣŮκ˶̲סȥ࿴ۡ
ɭҶɼǹһ˿΢Ц˵Ҷ٣ǵ̨ӱŮռˣȻڨᣬȥɣ˵꾹һѣҶ⧲Ƶǰһģ̨ԡ
Ůü΢ƫͷһۣʵô
ҶɱûƮʹĵ˵̨ǵģùԣˡͱռˡ


289 Ůҩ
ڨһżرǸİŮ˴ڨҶȻڻڨͣһȻڨᵽֻܰװ˷ѣ˭챿أ
ŮƤգգ۾ʵ̨ǵģ
Ҷɺʵĵ˵ͷ˵Ӧ˵ȿģҲҰںõġ
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Ҷһĵ˵ͷǵģҴ
ŮȻһЦҶֻоͷ˼ֱһϸϸвع
ðɣ㣬뿪ҲԣֻҪӮһ֣ûɣ
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Ҷʳһɵ⣬ҲʵڣɭѾλҶٳ׻ܣŮʲộ֣Ҫͣ
Ůƺסˣ˼룬ǹһĨǳǳĻȣ˵һ̰ɣҪӮ̲С
ҶһЦ¶һ׾ݣܸɴ˵ãǾ̨̣ø㣬򡣡˵ˣߵ̨԰Ѻ¾۵һҲܣֱƼι£кǰһƣؾذڵԭλٰ߿Ų򣬿䡣
ŮںĸƸƣ̧ͷҶЦЦ˵ȿ򡣡
Ҷνĵ˵ͷƹȥˣǸԭˣܶŮƯˮ
Ůע᲻Ƴһˣĸڸͷײ´һɶֻܳžһ죬һȺС˲ըѣź״һŵдһź·ǳƯ
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Ůûκλεļܽ򣬶͹ˡ
žžžһźһŲ򣬼򵥵ɾŮİһſУ߷֣ܲϿٽ򣬲ʮӣֻ̨ʣһŹĺߡ
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ŶҶӦһؾ߹ȥ°ڻԭλһ̨ǰŮһλ̨֡
հںŮ׼ƣ̧ͷҶһ˵ҸղӮˣӦȿ򡣡
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷվһԣŮƸ˿νһźè񡱴򣬻һһ׼ְܿѾ󲿷Уֻʣһźߡ
ĺò䵽ҶͷϣʲôֲȷֱŮֱ̺ŻȻ򣬸ŮǰԼͯ
ͯǶæ˰óһۣҶѾ̣Ů˵Լ֣Ľ磬֣ܺһ⣬Ҷɸоһ˿ůҲǿֵģȻҲ˶ԷԼ֣ޥʵŮܼܲסСͯͲ˵ˡ
̣ĽƺЩˣǳЦųֵҶɣ㿪򡣡
ŶҶγѰӦһָߵ̨ǰںƣӮְҵ̨ɳģӮþƯʱ˿ȴҲ㵱״̬ûʤ֮ĻӮô
žĸƫת׼ȷɢһѺĸһҲдҶҡͷ̾˿վһԡ
ĽͶȥһ΢Ц˵һܽѾˣһ̻㿪򡣡
ҶڨڨһЦû¶ܾûˣ
ĽƤգһ۾ߵ̨ǰƣƸˣһų̂һźߣƺѾеϰߡ
ҶֽİںĽˣҡҡͷ˵ɣЩˣллҴ򡣡˼ԣˡ
ҶЦЦˣû˴飬ʱڴֻǷմĵ绰ͨ绰ͲдһϷʵ
ϴ󣬸Ůأùױˡ
ױҶһ㵣ܿ췴Ӧ˹Ҫʹ֣Ҫױװʲôġ
УϹˣС׼ʲôҺϡ
ӣȤζ齫ץơҪԭ裬ܼ򵥣ʱе
ƺЩˣִߴһ飬Ҫǻûôġ
ţˡ
ҶӦһͨԵɭ˸ƣתڷȥһ
Ҷɣʶ׷ô
Ҷͣ½ŲתͷĽĿһĨ˷ܵĹʣŵı飬ŮҲǷյɶ
ʶô
Ҫһ׷ױǩCDܰôĽгڴ˲ܾ̾ѹ˵Ů˵ҩ֪ҩǶҩ
Ҷԥ룬¶һЦݣ˵û⣬ҵ绰ɢ㡣


290 ѡ
ҶõĽֻ룬̨ʱһ¾׷ҪһǩCDһͷСӸҲ͵ϡ
պˬĸһǩCDһֽ֧ƱĽ˺üϴ󡱣ղʽ˵ҶΪȡȨٸˣʱ͸жһͿˮһĺϴ
ױʦרҵһӾͰҶɻĿȫǣһӷ۲㻹˵СƬһױͦβװٴϺɫƤһ̹ӻڽߣеζǲ¶Ҳ಻Ҫ鷳
Ҳһ׺ɫβͷĨˮ⣬Ѿʭȥչĳ̶ȣ忴˧ˣмżɵģ
أ̨ױűƿ¬˽ûϰ벽һ׳ֱͻǰֻҪǸǰ߰벽ͻᱻɭ͹ɩȥ
Ҷϴ󡣡ɭ׳ҶɵͷĿҶϴͷΪ
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ܳױ䣬ĿɨһȦȴûҶɵӰӣֺ̧ͷ˼£˵֣ͼħļһϴڡ
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Ҷ̧ͷһŮɣȻǳһС룬ͷһ֣ķռ˵ҿСӲӦʲôż·ߣҰɸʺ㡣
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ʮӺܿ͵ո߾˫̨ҶɺͻױСһȥֻ̨´һź
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𣬷ռ鿪ҶĬĬվ󣬺һεܣСǰ裬˻Ц̨һƬЦ
յĸ質õȷԴɳƵߡį˵ټľ߸Ⱦĸʡ̨µĹƺо̨ϵСѾٿЦһį˵ߣΪȡñĬĬһʹࡣ
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һˣСз·ľ̨ϣѵӴӷʴĿͳ׽ӣһӣһɫʰ쵵Ĺ
΢΢һЦתҶɵ˵ͷҶߵ˿ߵ̨ǰԹʾһ£Ѹٴƺдһֽƽ˷գֳŷ̨¹ڣһǺAһǺA
λ̨˿ˣõƵĹ̨䣬ƵָȻ죬˿ƴ˳ȥ


291 ̨ɱ
˿ںֻ鶯ȸַɳȥɳ׾ִ۷Ҷͬʱ֣סһ˿ƣ뻮һ˧ޱȡ
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Ů˿ǲûΪӲ˿˶ʧǶΪ˧ĽƶзһַƾǷն˾ĶΪۡ
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ҶѾһˣĽ磬ǰţҲϱ׼ҪСҶӴûʲôƵĶ׼ͷԶ緶գԾͽһ˲Ҳ׷ͬѧš
һۣͬʱַ̧ɳ˿ƣ׷ͬѧָźAɵü߹ԣٵʮ׿⣬Ҷ˦ĺAƽʵ޻ɵǰһŮ½ϣմմ䵽ϥϡ
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λŮ˼Ǻţϸ鿴һе˿ƣСʱһͲݵǰġһƳĹӻͲдС벿λðһŨĻ̣񲻾˸ƨŵס˺ӡ
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Ůͬʱͷ϶¶ŵı飬ܺԼż˿һ˼Ƚ˷ܵ顣
һǸƳϽĸ֣һֱֳֺ󲿷ֹͣű˵ڶ֣

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ǱҶɿģԸܵдһǿĳĵĶײǿſϣʹܸܵȡ
ܣ̨һȣ죬һ̴ٵƺߣҶˣˣĽҲüͷΪоиʲôؿײһ¡
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СƷ˸߲ҵĽλŲ̊
΢Ц˵ҸҴһԭ¸裬ʯĺ׸轫Ϊרе裬ϣϲ
Ҷ˺󼸲վ̨һǣؾεܣ裬ֻ̨֪ʲô״ŷ߸ĵڣȻִӿڴǸСͷһۣͷһ£ŵľһŽɫͷ


292 Сĸж
һɤӣĸܴģټܰѶ뵽ݳ֮Уศɣڶǵ֮֮̽ĺִСŽԿ׳ĶĳɾͶǿԼƴã˸ϧ
ֹ⻷µķԼİٷˣҲûĵѣϧҶ֮ݽ顣
ݳܾʣͬҶ޼䣬ֶľλ벻Ļ̨һƬȲʼС
ǿһʵݳյķ˿ǳ˶żΪ⻹סһ֣棬Ǹһˣ侲ЦͶ֮ɢһ޷ֵвŮоż
˻ٶһԽòĶԽõҶɴߣи뿴Ŀ²һȻ˶ʧˣֱݳصҲûժǿߡ
Ľָо̨ϵĮҶɣֲȷлټһҪʸС
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Ľ˵ͷȺԺſȥһǰһְȺСģһĲ˶һѵΣա
ߵֳ⣬ĽһĽ磬Ķͣ½Ųת¶һĨϲЦݡ
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ҶѾµҪ˵ʲôղų̨װʱûɭ͹ɩһսʲôվ׷ͬѧɭһۣ͵ķ첲ϲһȾѪı


293 ɱֵĽ
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˵ͷϴлл㣬ݳһϢһʱ䣬ú÷һ顣Ҷɵĳŵͷ˲٣ǿӵָоͷƤ顣
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ļ˴ϵƤѪʱ˳Ůǳ鴤£ǵҲ鶯ذףһʪëѹӡϣѪߺëëѪٷϴȻס˿ڣ˼һˮѾѪˮ
žણڴһ죬Ůһѽذ׿סվ˫۽Ŵڡ
ÿˣʧܵĺӦף˵ıҪôһӴƮ˽Ů˶Ĥ


294 ƽ֤
Ůؽҧ˫סڣǰëѾڵϣɫѪأԴ˿вЩѾ˲ˣȥ
ʧҲʲô֯ٸһλᣬһĿ֤꣬
ಡһ㺮ǴӴ룬һ֮Ů˺ͷֽסһʵǰ˼ɴ۾˵ڵϡ
תһҹȥڶɭҶȥɳ̲Ѿûд󰭣̫Ӱ죬˿ںõøһЩ
ǹ¼ҶɶøΪģΪϲķһ£Լ֮֡ۡЭ˴ӦøϰйأмصڹķޱȣֻҪһЧɩİҲһźù˿ͬศɣýһֹֻˣʣһֻȫðƣԵһ
ڷѧɩҲֵỵ́ɭԼһЩóʲôһƵУɣҰ桭ʵüҶѧòֺҲó˷ϧԼǸӣôӺνҲˡ
һ⣬˻Ϸװһݳص㣬ռ곡¬ʹһƱСܵˣһҶɣ˵ϴʮɭ类ӵҧһڣŸʮ򣬹ɩʮǷݵȵãô
Ҷɴ򿪱һۣͷãôˣСҲϹ룬ǮֵܸõģǷݾͲ׼ˣ粻Ǯ㶮ġѣµֵǿǮǲõģ˵ҲȱǮ
¬һĵ˵ͷˣֵǴ񣬺̨Ҳţɵһɲ׼ȥ
ҶɵЦ˵У㿴Ű졣˵űߵɭ͹ɩǰѶֱɭ
ʮɩѡ
ɭ򿪴ӿһۣЦ˵Ҷٻ첻ԿȥǷݹˣרŸˡ
ҶҡҡͷǮòףԺҲôƴˣеĶǮ򲻵ġ
ɭ¶һĨЦ̾˿˵û취Ҿô㱾£һһɣӲӸԱҲԹ飬ܾ²˳ҲֻѡУеļ˲⡣
ҶɵһЦҴӦ㣬ҶԼҵ˵һʱڹ֡
ɭЦ˵УǾ˵ˡ
һȺ˴ӵ˹ִҶɵļЦ˵ˣױȥ
ġ׷˿˺ü˿ûһֳһδ̧˷е㣬ݳȡԲɹҶĸǷѡ˵˴뿪ֻܰ͵˸ۿڣϴǰոһӵһСƤ佻ϣ˵һС
ˣҶ˽нԶĿиоĪ꣬еСƤ䣬ڷڽߺһ˫ںףһŲμݳߣһЩ죬ǵҲһЩͷȫסǰָףʲõƤĳֽ˿߱ƶɣʸʮ㡣
ҶɺƤתϳرһҹȻȥ
ڶֵ˸ʦӣҶɴɭԼ͵ĿĵأĪѴԺԺһש߷ȻϾɣȴʰ÷ǳɾĪҶλ漫ΪأļԺƽʱ˶ɴԺֲҲרά÷ǳïʢϧǿļڣŲζ
ĪҶɽ˷䣬ҿľµʯ壬һľڴϴ򿪣װмʽۣҿӣ׵ļвȡһֽŵһԣһ˵Ϊʦվͻ뿪ѾͷҩҩķӶѾϪʦͽֻҪȵ꣬ڷаиһʱΪʦĻῼ㡣
Ҷʦ˰βصͷ˵ģһڷ
Ī¶һĨοЦݣ˵ΪʦҲ㣬츳㶼ϳˣڽһ֣Щ£ֻҪڼϰʮڲ첢ʲô£ڣ߽ĺΪңΪʦ㣬򿪴ϵֽС
ʦ˵жҶеСߵִֽСһӲӵӺһƤ֤аƴ󣬱һ״һͷβצ֤ͨôǸɶСڽʱǸС챾н֤


295 װ
ҶޱȵĽƵ˵࣬Щ׹֣ʵյҧһڣⶫǲǴģǱ֤Ҳȥһ
ĪͿһ˵ΪʦôĶϽ棬ļֵȻƽҪǧ򱶡
ܣҶһ㵣Ժ˼תе죬ˣǸţ֯һԱҲи챾
Ī쵭һЦܣΪʦ䳤֮һѾòˣⱾ֤һ͸㣬ԺڽҲܷࡣ
ҶɷƣС챾ڶ˷磬Це˵ʦڲ˵ˣǻᣬ˵˵ʲôôɣóȥЦܰ£൱磬Ȿ֤ʦģܲõϻǸδ֪
ĪüƬ̣˵Ȿֽ֤ͨ߶ѣҿЯٳϵΪֻҪóһ˸Ҷ㣬Ȿ֤ΪʦмʮùΣһɱ˼С޵ڶɱһȺ۸Ů޵ޣܹʮˣɱ˼̰߹٣һ˵ɱΪʦĶдЩ⡣
˻ҶɵһаԾʦţ֤ɱˣһɱǼʮ˵Щļһ֤ǲ֪ܲð
뵽Ҷɷ֤濴˿֤ǰԼвͬԭӦƬĵطֻѪС֣һд֣죻ְ񣬿䳤ϣҳй֤ĸţȨޣһ׶ŵĵ绰룬ֱǸһͨ
ʦ֤Ҫ˼ô𷨣Ҷ˿ĭ̲סһ䡣
Īһ϶˵Ȼã֤ʱѾ˵״ӿԳ֤£˲ֻ֤豨ƺּɡ
ҶץƷתһգ·һе֣ܹŸӦʲô룬ֻһѾִμͷһ֤ʱûҲ׼ȷ룬Ѹٰ֤һ𴧽ڴһ˵ллʦ
Īһ˵֤ҲȲһҪʲô£𣿡
סҶͷӦƺ֤ʦĶؼʱҲ⳶Ƥ¶׻˵ӲԼĶ
Ī쵭һЦΪʦᾡѰҰѾͷȵķӣеҪ˳Ȼ̫ǿȥɣϣһܸ֮Ϊʦһϲ
ҶɶĪһ˵ʦౣ壬ˡ˵ת뿪˷䣬ߵԺſڣ̲סͷһۣԭվ˰ӹ⾰תͷȥ
˳ɭƺоЩ֣ʵҶ٣ô磿
Ҷ޾ɵİ˰ֵʦҪˣˡ
ɭ˵˶ȥɣղżУѴ绰˵пԣҺûƵʱȥ
Ҷɵ˵ͷã쿪ʼҲˣµĹ̫࣬Ҫһ²С
ɭӣУԶһյеĶһѧ˾ͺǣ˵ҶɼʻޱȣԵɭҲ̲סֻ̾һγ֣Ǹص˾
ĿҶɺͨõգ˾ҸطһССףһ£ɭĽйбһҽʳΪȵ˹ݣ˵Ĳζرϰ̳װϾƸһܶѶǳƶ
˹ݵ൱𱬣Ѿϯڴ˸λ£ϼɫˣ̳Ͼƣľƶ̳װһﵽʮﶼУϰ嶨˸ȾƵĹأһǮ룬Ѻȡ
νָľһſڣһκһƹԹǮ򵥣Ƽۼ룬ֻҪܺȫѣҷݿʮ꣬һٺƵָ
ɭϾǰѾѺȾƵĹظҶɣֵЦؼֱΪģſھͽһ̳װϾƣҲԲˣҵץֱ̳Ӵյ߾͵һȥ̳ľС룬ȷ̳ľƲüھͻ
ɭȲҶ־¨ӣװһ̳ϾѾǼޣȾͼģԼſӵ¾Ͳˡ
˺ȵ𾢣ſ߽һŮ˶žžͳ첽Ҷϵһ½ƣһǲܾ١
ܾٵһԣһɭܿĿͶҶϣ˵Ҷɣһɱһˡ


296 Ѷ
ܾ˵֣ѾóһӣڿҶɵһʹ˵˼˴һӲܱľ⡣
ɭ˵֮ǰ鷳Ūٶ֣˷˰ӻйſںȾƵ𣿡
ܾһͣһɭ˵Ҳŵĵطڰû֮ǰȨκ밸صˣʾЧ֤
ǰһһվɭԣֻҪ춯ϻס첲
ɭӿڴͳһ֤ϣܾ֤ۣüͷ˵ϼűɭ˵ʱƫͷԵ½һۣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ߣ
ܾȻһȣͻȻְӿҶѸסɭ첲ણ죬ֻܾϴһ˿ʶ̧ӣȻԼϣʵʵ
Ϯ
ܻĲܾһȣɺַܿ˲ԣô˫۾ţղŷԼϵģⶥϮñƺ۵еǿ
Ҷһ״ɵʩʩȻվŶĲܾ٣ѹ˵Сеģ㲻ӶҶûţſɭҸߡ
ܾ䣬˵ˣһҲ롭˵һ룬ʲôס³ڵ۵죬һƬ״ɵѾˤء
Ҷɰͷ쵽ߵ˵ŲһϵĺƿִֻܽУҲ¿֡ŵúֻܵͣͲܾĪǣʲôװŪס
ܾ¶һĨɫƫͷԼסɭ˵ſһ˹ˡ
еӲǿиɣܾپͣɵϣѾһ治ðգҪڴͥﱻһƿζﰵѰ˼ʱСӇNɪһᣬȰ˴ؾ٣ʱԲѹȫƿ֮С
һۣһɿ֣ɭ˫һľҪҶһģ˵ģǲҰôԺð˽ˡ
䣬Ҷ̧ߵ½ԣգһ۾˵˶Ҳ·ɣ
ŵģûôŵġ½ҧҧתſȥܾٶ⼸ʹ˸ɫӵҶ߳˹ݴš
һ·޻úķʽҶɴйѶſڣһʮƽСӣһŰ칫ӺӣӶһźصĽѶΣȱι̶ˮϣߵķִһ̧ߵĽ壬ͦʵ
ܾһ߽ѶţЦҶ˵ɡҶɵһЦ̧߽ѶңоҲ˽ȥ
½Ҳţְܾɫ˵ͲýˣǼ㹻ˣеʲôôС֣ʱѶ˱õǳֶΡ
أصĽŹϣܾҶһۣһָ˵λӣȥɣ
Ҷҡҡͷޱ˵̫¿˵ʱܽġ
ܾһЦ˺˵ﲻҲ䣬̧һӣȵĸɵվţӣ˳ɽǡ
оƻҶһݣ˫ƺƷְĳ·ҶײػȺƣа꣬˫ֵСҶӸû񫣬а̾ϢȺǿ׳鶼Щǹͷ
ܾٳˣʮ̾һμô͵ˣվԭش˼͵뵽Լǹָ쵽ǹױһ
žһٴ죬òܾԭش˸תվһǷƣðǣζҧһǹףտҲ
Ҷһ֧ǹŪ£һ˱գǹŲܾٶͷŵɫ˫һ£ϰޣһܵ
ɣ̸̸
ҶǹƫתָѶΣܾҧ˵ǹ֣㹦ٸҲӲȥȰ㡭
žһԱ˲ܾٵĻҶ˵ܲܳȥģ밤͹ԹԹȥš
ܾһҧˣͷһߵѶǰ£Ҷɸ߹ȥְѷϵĽһѹסͦõģӾվߵԣλһϣﵽӴ𵶵¡
žǹ˾ľһ죬Ĳܾټ˸£огġ


297 
׻˵˲Ҳˣұطˡܾٲ׾ҪҶɽǣҲͷŭҪôͲ֣־ͲִԺ鷳ϡ
˵ɣΪʲôҽйƤҳ顣
ҶɴҪһػǰʢʶſھ֪ﴩƤ綢ԼԾһѣͽУţһʱ֮ƣ֮ǡ
ܾٻһ˵һ׮ɱǲ鵽߽ӴŽЭ顣
Ҷüͷһץϵǹһģžһ졣
ƨʲôʱ߽ӴСǹñӰɣ
ָָܾӣ˵ƬϵļԿ
ҶŷиƤļУַһСƬһŮ˺ѪУ˫۹ĳŲӣؿһӡпСС롣
ô
ȥŮǰʢʶֳѵŮɱ֣û뵽Źͳһʬ塣
ܾҶɵĻתȦ˵ʶɣʬھʢʶֳǶľ类˷֣ʱǰ賿ߵʱȷϣ·μһ·׷飬Ƿ߸ͷսӴѯʺ
ҶɵͷļĶϵıһأͻȻͷһ̧˵һ˽ɽǣܵ
ҳϸղ̬ȲãڵѾش˷ɣüһٴܾϽŴĿȴѶҴţżҵӦÿ߷״ôûȡж
Ҷɺļվץǹߵܾǰ̧ǹڲܾϿһǣˣϺľƵģնö
ϣôϮ
ܾһʹУȻһǳЦ⡣
Ҷɻ˻ǹЦ˵ϮϮˣԹ񫣬Դͦеģ˵ʲôԿһסľʯĴ˵
ܾһ࣬ԹԱͣɲǰΣյļһֻϣ˾Ԯ
Ҷһо󲻽ľٶߵֲţȻȦϣӿڴͳһʲô£ȻʼĿ
ˡŴһ죬ŴһɾȫװĸɾеĳǹһָҶɣٸҲѷɡ
쿪ǹ˺Σգ찡
ܾһ뼦Ѫʱ˾񣬶ŸɾǴк޲óȥǹҶɴѡ
߽һˣǱιֳŴ꣬ҲŴ׾˾ˣղӵĵ绰˵иֵܱץ˹֣ʲô취Ҫ˷ųԭܼһƣû뵽̬쳣ֻܴӦ˽һҶɵû»Ϸˡ
չϵ绰С𼱻ǵĳ˽Ѷҷһ¼һ˽ٳ̾ӳܹⶨԱ˵ֽҶɣһɱˡ
Ŵϵһ鴤ȡʩˣҶͷһ˾Ǹղű˵ĺֵܣҲסˣסСԲһУԷûзǹɵϣö֮ڹڽٳֻ̾ˣһ׼б֮ĵ׷һд󱳾
žֳһʱҲ鿴ǸҶɵǹòܹⶨԴȻ߹ȥѶţӿڴͳһ֤ϣǹҲⶪһԣƺѾ֤еĲ²⣬´˽
Ҷ϶ҲżڶǹڣʵҲͻͻĸֻۿ۰͵ùˡ
ŴһվſڣͻȻתͷԽͣĲܾٺȵ죬ղʲôԼ
ܹⶨͷѶкüͷԭȥһЩ¼ִˣղ˵һȫ˳СҪ״ΣԼҲһ󴦷֣뵽ͷٽа䡣
Ŵ̧ͷһ¶ˣʵҶɣ
λ꾯ٽŵһҶɾڴԷǰλ꾯ŴмƣǰŴ˵׾˾ǹֳ׻˵ˣǰλûˡ
žֳɣǰ
Ҷ¶һĨЦݣ˵Ҳ˾ͳŴĽ飬λ˾ǰҲܷ
Ŵ˵ͷ̫çײˣǼдȣҲΥġ˵ʱֶ̧ԳǹĸɾѹѹʾǷŵǹڡ
ҶɵһЦ˵ǳƣΥΥ˲֪


298 淨
Ŵüͷ΢վԭԥߵԣվ˸ߵĵضվţԱλøǹɾһƤļУһǹһ֤֤˿ϵıٿȻ䡣
ܿ䳤ϣܼ߱𣬺üһͷţŴͷƾӿڴƽ
Ȿ֤ģŴǿסȵ飬΢΢һ䣬ǰ˾ȻܵĿ䳤ϣҲ̫ˡ
ҶִӿڴͳһƷϣ˵Ĺ£ҪǲŴ绰ȥʡ
ŴԳ͹⣬鴤˼ϵƣֻһתͷ˵˸˳ȥ⼸һҲϳȥ
ɾ̶Ѳܹⶨק˳ȥӾֳ˼̵̸ѾµһЩ⼸ù̯̾ϴˡ
ٴιϣŴһİе֤һϣͻȻͦҶɾ˸񣬳˵漰߻ܣ
Ҷ΢΢һվպ֤ƸŴѶңֱ˾ֳ칫ҡ
Ŵߵ칫£Ҷ˸ƣִӳһ̳һ˹
Ҷߵ칫£˰˵ллҲ̡
Ŵ̵ǵ˳ڣ˵ǲȥģ֤㱾Ҳ˵֤ĳ߽֪Ѿˡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ֤ʦ͵ģ˼Ҹ˵֤ҿá
Ŵ³һ¶һ˿ظ΢Ц˵ͶˣҲ䳤ϣο֤Ҳ⣬ֻû˸ȥˡ
ڣҶִӿڴͳ֤ϸһ飬һ̲ס죬ӾȻڰʮǰҪ֪ĴӽܹŰʮ꣬ʦٰ֤ϣұãһȸүү֤ȻµһҲ
Ϊʲôû˸Ҳأ
򵥣ͬʱó֤֤֤߹ϵܲһ㣬˵͵λʦ֪Ȿ֤һ㲻ϹŶһ̶ɱȨ˭ϡͿԴȥҲ״ȨžĳЩֱӣ漰ڱ⣬˵˾ǻӣ˭ֻûһ
ŴҲûҪʲôеϵȫ˳ܽǸ㽻˵ؼʱϴó
Ҷص˵ͷˣлл
ʦĪǹߣƾһ湦㹻ңݺᣬ֤ⶫϷǳǲмõģ֤;ҲԶŴֹٳ͸㼸Ҫ
Ŵһ̣˵Ȿ֤ܶʱֻΪһڣĴֻԽԽ٣Ժڱʲô鷳¿ңڲΥԭܰһᾡ֪֤ԽԽá
ٳһԣûԶĵˣֻԶ档ŴǸֱˣϾǹٳˣ񴥾ڣǰ⣬ϵ֤ʦһۺǿܺϵڹؼʱܽõֲΥԭȻҪȡ
δҶֻΪԷǳ˵ȫǳڶĹģ˵˶ǴӣŴ˼ַĵĸмһλɱȳƤ֤ǿˡ
лл壬ʵη֪һЩġ
ŶŴ¶һ˿ı飬˫˵Ժʲô壬ŹֱŤģͽдɣ֪˵ɱǳӣҶṩưаһҪúš
õģԺͽд塣Ҷɵ˵ͷһ˵ʵɱŮ˱ҲǸɱ֣ǰʢʶֳ˼ǹһҪɱһĽŮǰ̨Ϸԭԭһ飬ԼץɵϸһЩı䣬ץĳ˵ÿǿƬ׵סӵ
ŴҶÿһ仰ϵıòص𾪵Ʋס¶ϲɫ֪Ľݵ֮һҶɵĽԺжѾƶϡ
һԤıİɱŮǹʧܺͬڣѹĿṩǳҪллˣкҪҪ죬ȥҸطúġ
Ŵ֣µĵлҶ뿪ܸˣλ벻ľϲ


299 ֮
Ҷɲ֪ԼṩŴһ;Ծһӿ
һʱҶɹĶһߵӼҵѧУٴѧУؼңÿڷɩһװ类ѧ˸ȫҲù죬ʽˣڹĽȴľʧһĹ£ľ޷ƣżһĳˣ²ĳڶʱȴëƮʵġ񾭵
ʦˣҶʧ֮ȥ̹ɩɭλҲΪʲôȥ˵óһ½ۣҶٵڵľ̫٣żóһξͻĵøɸɾٴҪһ̶̣ȡڵĳɾѾš
ֵοСٻȴɫѾɳ̲ߣԸо˫ȵĴڣҲǰδеϣ
ĩҶɴԺǰѾõ˼գҲĪϪõ÷ĸԺӵԿףÿĩһԺϰ죬ƺоʦӰӾԣҲ泩
ǰĪС¥Ҳ£õǸ¯ɰмﲻ֪ĲҶ
ЩҶΪھշ鷳ģС¥Ҳû˼һ裬С¥
ϰų¼ס칦꽣һ˫ƤѥҶɶŲ豭һڣ˵ʦߵôҲ绰밡鷳¶˭ȥ˵ȥֲȥķ
һɧҶһֻƤѥ˷ѥϵĻѾʦã޲һƬҶӣȥΣϸҲѿ޲ĺۼͻ룬ЬԴһѥӣû뵽Сʡ
ʦҽҶӣ˫ƤѥϽţҾʹˡ
һҶɴѥ˼о豭ֺһڣͻȻоԺȻһ죬ƺ£ããʾ
Ƥ¼׷ǧ
ʶиһ˫ʹȦΧƵƤѥֻСϻĶվѥҡųβСʱ̧ʱٵأ˵Ļɰ
Ҷͷƶʱ׵ϣԲ˫۶Žϵѥӣ˿ɵ㶵ģԻΪص񱣬һԼѾӵ֡
ιСӣҲװʲôͷˣǳģҶɳɤӴһ˰ûӦ
ǰ˭СӳģӦô
ҶɻǫѷֺһĿѥջأᰴסϵ꽣ǰɭȡⲨĽʣƤһüϸĽ˿ƤƳɵڵ꽣иոպãϻʵıøñסѱ˷֣ȷʵһö
СӣѰſ쾧ҳ̸֮ա
ʾͻȻڶҶ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ˵ǰСһ£ΪʲôҵھʱʱãشСһ뾡취ҵſ쾧
Ҷ֪ÿԺʾƺһɣ˵秵ĸĪ⣬ǵʧΪ쾧һͱᣬһկڡ˵ʾĳһĶô쾧һΪҪȻԷѾҪѰſ쾧Ǿ쾧˵׳㻰
ζۣ֮ͨɽ쾧֮֮ͨšʾƴһ䣬ҶôӲĥҲûϢ
쾧֮֮ͨšҶɿз׽仰˫۽һĨ⣬ͻȻһϲģˣϵĶҲʰһܳԺӣǰʻȥ
ҶٶȻصУСڻ԰涺֣첽ߵǰʵٻϴθǿʯ
ʯٻü˼룬Ц˵ͷҴͷĹҪôûһ죬ǰĴѾʧ
ҶɴСôͷҵǿʯһܽӱЩ֮ʳϴװܳ⣬ʦסԺԽ쾧֮ͨš
СʱҶԺĿյϣԸһ쾧һһӣмصڹķѾܵÿʱܸоܲ˳˹ʾܽζҪһԡ
Ϣ˫ָץסһ쾧˫Ŀպмصڹķɹڴһ


300 ׶
ͨζ֮ţԹŶٹֹ֮ڴˣҶɹƾԺʾһ仰쾧ʼζʱĪڿ϶һⲻֹǶϷֱԼС߿ո˿
Ҷɲ֪ʱһߣɵΪʾƭԼԺһƬһһ˶ķ
˫һһ˳ֱϵĽӿ壬·໥нѨԼٶȳ¸
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Ӥ׹أմȾŲϳɳѨ״̬ҳ֮Ϊ죬Ҫ´ﵽ״ֻ̬ѭž忪յѨع죬һ̺ʱޱȣڳʱ̣м
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գһ죬ؿڴľʹȸղǿң·һ󴸺ݺؿڣʹҶҲԺдһǿҵѣθУɽС۷졣
ܷܣҶɽҧأʹɸ·һ֮Уë׶ð
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ΪʳϲʳһɲֻҶһֻƺһԵ񣬾Ȼצ˹ȥ
һֻȻָ̧źϰץУҶ͵˫ۣϲͣĴЦˡ
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Ҷͷһ̣Ц˵ˣи𴲵ķϷ㣬Ժˣץסָ˵ɿػɵĴһܵǽǣתͷһ۴ڳ˽ȥ


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Ҷֲͣ³ͻȻһ죬һ˱ϡ
𶯣һǹˡһֻڿдתҶͻȻèһȻץסԷ۰˸ƯĹˤǴɭѧһƵУǿޱȵı˲жļһˤɳȥɲǼѾ˶Է˭˿ţ˭ҲôԲĴƨɡ
ιСҲ߯ˣƨˤˡ
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ӣǶȴȥ˵ҳԶʳ
δ䣬һĦкХŴϻиݵŮҶɼλϵĪ鴤˼£ŮŴٵСӱ
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δ䣬һͷߵԱӾֲſڳ˳ͣһͣ٣Լٶȳ·ȥ

Ҷɽһ˳ȥӺ֮㳯ӴܵԱȥûܿŲƵʣֻһٷɱӰԱһһ֮ľѸ
Ҷֻö߷Х۽ǵԿ񱼵Աܼ˱ͷλãȻ̽һѾסԱƤ


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ԱҶžƤ΢һ¾һ˫ԲҶɣСèƵл˼
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Ѧɴлع̧һҶɼ򣬴Ц˵ҶӣģҪȥμʲôﾶһ׼¼
ŴͱҶؿһȭ˵ģСţBղһ±ȱӴܵö죬˵˵ôģ
ҶڨڨһЦ¶һʱҲ˵ҪץҸطģ
ӱƲƲ˵ǹץҲûʲôֵģðʡһסʵͬ棬ȴûб¶ǰֳܱøкų
ѦЦ˵ʲôóԵģǴػɵĺӣһҪϵرĶС
Ŵһۣһõ˵Сô˵ģʲôػɵĺӣ֪ĻΪմӺ
磬û˼˵мղźܿװѦæЦŵǸиûеǸ˼֮以潻顣
СǷᣡŴ˫һȭҪңŵѦɰصҶǵȭͷûûأϴڶĴϱһȭʹ˺ü졣
ҶֻЦǰԲˣǴԳԷģ˵ɣô淨
ѦЦ˵رĶ͸رǣѾ׼ת̣ʹǹȥ
ת̣Ŵ˫һһѦʵ˵תʲô
Ѧɹ˸ӣͷ˵Ҳ˵ڿԴȥǾֲ¿ĿֻĺͲʸת̡
ŴѦɼ˼£Ц˵ǻʲô·
Ѧһֶһ½ƽǰҶע⵽ǧƽ׵ĴһǽڸŽھסС¥ǽȫһ𣬷涼˿ΧţſվɫԲʷ
Ѧɸ˸кһ˽˴ӣһȦʵդΧסƽĲݵأݳϰڷŲɽʯͺᵹĴ׳ľһԻиˮأˮƯһɫƼդΧһС죬ͣդڿԿٿظƵĶһɫťϹŹ󡢳ìԵȶ
ҪդڻҪһصդţſڵλðڷ̨ϷԸվһԲʷ׳
Ҷɿ첽ߵԣҺһת̣תһͷָ룬ѡʮȿɰĶͼÿһ·żǮʮ򲻵ȣֶͼ·֣ѡ
Ѧɵ͵תһϷֻҪ˽һķþܻһת̻ᣬťָתʮ룬ͣͷָĶǿ˿ɱĶתѣ˿ԵȤ⻹˻ɵķãɱĶֲṩӹ֮ķûתԼϲĿҲûϵֻҪöֵȵĲҲԸĿꡭ
ѡöĿ˻ר˴컻װդڵĽеȴ˳ѡԼϲ䱸зݸˣСһŹǰˣڳ׷ĺťһأ﷢񹥻ӿ԰¿أܵͲӣֱȫɱ
תѦɶȫԾֲжһݵĶ˼ȿܵʵȤԵİãɱﻹӦ˵ҪƳɸƤʳƷ걾֮࣬ͷ׬
ŴҶɶ֪ɱȫǿ¡ĶղűҶץϵԱǿ޵壬ȴû޵꣬ɱûаɾ͸УѦɵĴǳóС׬Ǯϵȷ˲ٹ
ѦɼȤȱȱЦ˵ŽڵоͻƣһֻҩֻҪ¡עҩʱھͻҰʮ㣬ֻҩһĸãǿζĿǲעҩ
⻰Ŵٶʱ˾һϵİťתָͼתʮָͣ£ʺļͷָһ㡣


303 
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Ŵ¶һĨ˷ܵı飬˵ٹĴ㣬е˼һѣףԽԽá
͵࣬װӲƤǿޱȵҧˮţҰСˮ̡涼ɱĿ꣬͵㻹Ჶʳͬ࣬ͱСĵˮõʳܳ׵еľްԣѦ˵ļ߹һ׮Ķս
УȥװҲҪǿ󡣡ѦɶԵĴԲʷ׳˸ƣʾŴȥ任װ
ӺŴӲ˳ϴһ¿㣬ϿһǿһͲԲʷ׳Ĵ½볡أ߽һеȴö۴ֵĸӶɣվǳ£мСſɹ׼ͷҪԼơ
Բʷ׳Խһ÷ͽĻ˳ţӾǿȲԣ˴һ²Σա
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Ŵüͷ˼˼룬ҡҡͷ˵УѾͷŲͣҪѪġ
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ŴֲЦ˵ԣҪӦֻܴԹԿţô
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Ŵ̧еǿͷףǿҲδܸɶ˺Чİ취ֱӹҪжͷҪҲ⡣ĵ˸ͷĴβõסͷ
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໣һͺ𣬹ȻתԴתķһغᵹˣתͷ˲Ŵٹһ
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ŴѸٻ׼ͷ۶ಡ֧ʸ䶤գѪʱӿ˳
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ಡһ֧ƫоѣֱ䱬ʹһתͷŴ֧û㱳˺۾ǼȫԺԲƣ˵ľѾעתƵ䴩۾Ůϣһͳ˹ȥ
ӱֳųľͷһźҿ۶˰ಣһ֧ХӹͷƤֱŴ


304 ն
ŴôҲ벻ѾͷȻһһ֧ͷºͺķ㵲һ£⣬ֻü۷һҩЧѾеǿž£̱ȥ
ӱɵˣ۴Ŵм̱󹭲֪룬˵ľſѪݺҧϡ
ۣһ죬ӱһ£οӼзУȥľͷݺײ˹Ѿ׿ŭϧһҲҪļһ˺Ƭ
۵۵ھײ·죬һ뱻ײƫ˹ײȥƫֻʱ⣬ȫ֪ӱֽű˫Ѿȥĵťϥ
죬ȥ˰դѦɼȹϵϣԲʷ׳ˣ׳ֻǴ򹤵ģðΣճȥˣҴѹդžһ䣬ҶһǿԾ˼Ҳ޷ҪƤľ˵˺Ӷţ˶١
Դڵ𲻵ãӱѾ˱ıԵȥײֻʱ⡣
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Բʷ׳Ҷһۣ߹ȥդϵĴţ׳Ѧһ˹󣬿ţҶӣСĵ㡣
Ҷתͷһۺֵܣ˵ҽȥϹš䣬դ
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ͣһڹ˲׼ȷоۣһɽѪӱϣһС꣬һϤӰô
ͻشľһתſҧ۾ҪҲĲλҩＤ˾ڱϹһֻ۾˲Ӧܣ˫ȫϹһҧһ
ҶܹĿҧؽٿһԲι⻡⻡ھ̵ֶֻǰצƶأ糸ɨӣֻǰצնϣ¶عͷײҲѪ˿ʧȥ֧ŵͷȻſ䡣
ͷصҶԾͷ˫ֽս߸߾̾ն䣬µͬʱһϣնתΪУֻÿһ죬޴ͷӦжϣֻһƿĺƤ
罦ѪӿȪһߣҶɼʱûͷ꽣Էâնɱһͷ񱩵ľ
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ҶŽ첽ߵԣϵĴִ̧һֱӰѴ룬Ųת첽һӣӱԼߣмԵŴֻܱз
һжϵĴְѽУҶְεŴϵļͷ첽ߵդǰ
ţ첽ǰդţֽӹԲѵŴһ㵵ʵҶӣʲôʱѧôţBĹ򣿡
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Ѧɰ˿Կţ˵ѴȥҽңëҽһԿҩס˵ҵѡ
ԱһΣմ̼˶ʲôϼҳ㷹ֲרҽңʱӦԸͻҩȻңҲһֶԿҩעֻ嵽ʮӾܽ״̬
ҶɺͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷդһۣӱԱϥһ˫ʧŶԴҵ㷢ͷǣˣλƢ𱬵ĴС㲻汻ɵ˰ɣ


305 ޳
Ҷ߹ȥקӱ롱˳ǷѾͷȶתֻ߲ܰ˴ᱧڻ߳Ѧ̴˵Ϣ˺ѹۡʲݡ桢飬ЩѹʳҩģһҲ֪ѹĹЧܷ
ӱһЩѪɫôֻҡͷᣬǲ³
ʱȥ˰ӣŴһȳһյĴ˽ԭɱȴϡͿСöһϵùԹñˣҩȻʹֵҵǼͷûƫϰ磬ҪǱСֻº뱲ӵԸװ͡
Ѿͷ㻹𣿡ŴߵСԣͷḧ˸ͻȻü̧ƴյǼһţʵѾͷԴմʲôġ
ӱƵ̧ͷȻһЩĶץһյǰ˿ȻȳŵѪһǾѪ絽ͷϡ
磬ҪϴͷӱܻĶŴһǵͨ죬Ҳ֤ѾӸղŵӰлָ˹
Ѧɴϲ˵ֲѷԡԵȣҽ˴ȥ˵һܳţӴһ۵ŮԱ
Ա΢Цߵӱǰ˸ƣ˵С㣬ҴȥϴԡӱͷŷԱ߳˰䡣
ֻʣˣѦɳһڴͻȻִסҶɼ򣬴˵죬ıóҿ۽硣
ҶڨЦȡ꽣ϣѵһܷСıš
ѦһץʣͽȻһžһϣֻֻܸʣ˵ⱦ̫ˣֻдʮذɣҲֻţִʿת
ţǰץ𽣱һγһĨڹ꽣ͨīʵɲŵһ˿Ѫ
ýѹһһ￳ϴԴѦɵһ䣬ָḧ۴ǰҶɣͲʵҶӣĹǸ˭ѧģ
Ҷնɱʱ龰Ŀƾһѷƥؽ޷һ֪书ĸ֡
Ҳ缸Ϊ˸СҰĪҾʦǸʦѧģܹѧ˸ʱ䣬ʵղûɱ㣬ʱݲҶ롣
Ҷʵʵ˵դʱֻ벻ʹ佫նɱȻҲ꽣˫һͨѰѽӵ쾡¡
һѺýܴܲë
ţֽȻ£һпڵĺð취ëִԴϰ¼ͷһ£̫ˣɨɨˣһɫĶ̷ϴëı׼ü룬ͻȻתȻ˿ﾾһѣëʲôëС
۾ƺˡţһֳֽתпڳϣһָֻĺëëѹڽϣһ
ëͬʱȥؽޱȣȫëϷţִӺһѺذףذ׵ת򽣷档
һ죬ذӦϳأ꽣ëϷ࣬ţŴ۾ޣýҲҸʦȥʲôöռˡ
Ҷ̽꽣װУ˿ţһ˵㵱ʦгײ˰ɣбһơ
һԵŴ̾˿һ˵ҶӣϡͿѾͷһſûɱţB֣֪Ƿһء
ҶɵЦʵ磬ﱻҧ᲻ȥȣ
Ŵ˼ĴȻᣬֵܡ
ҶЦ˵ǲͽˣȻֵʲôӦõģ˭Ƿ˭
ŴЦ˵⻰簮ǸˡϴŹȴ׮μͷ
ҶתͷѦɣϵЦȻһ˵Ѧ磬Ǹת©٣øĽһ£դ˿ңĵؾͲֽ飬ҩ̫Σա
ѦͷҲ뵽ˣԺעҩ豸ҲҪһҪһʧתµҡǮ򲻵Ѿֻܷһ½бҪҪܱߵİȫ
ŴЦ˵ҩҲҪˣƤװɣҸҶһһʣµƤŮʽƤǶǵģܹܲԼ
ѦЦ˵ã͹ȥһ⣬ڰ׼˷ˣСһȥԡ
磡ű˴ײһͷѪԲʷ׳˲òϵѪĿİͰ͵˵ܡˣһˣ


306 У
Ѧɫ䣬ǰһѾס׳ʵѻ˵ʲôˣ
Բʷ׳˿ĭתͷһҶɺŴֹˣе鲻͸¶
Ѧɳ˵л˵ûˣУϵѪô£
Բʷ׳˵ڸղһͷײݶˣԴϱ֦һ¡
ŴһֿƵѦɣ֪һڿ¡׬ǮôҲ벻ȻĿҲ¡˳Ҳ̫ˡ
ѦһƵʵûȥŽڣô˵һʱ֪ӦŽڣȻϰ塣
׳˵Žڣֻ˵һ仰
ʲôѦļ٣Ҫһͷӻа취ץڴӾֲɳȥһͷֱԶɳȥӰ첻ɹҪ׷ֻ¾ֲҪŴ󼪡
׳˵Ž˵ɳȥҲ˶ãܻܿҵֲͷϡ
ѦҧҧתͷԿţ˵ȥܾϰάݶܸ֮ǰɣǮ⣬һҪ졣
ףţӦһ첽߳⣬Ѧɵұۣ
Ѧɿ׳죬˵Ҳȥ쿴˶ͷܾЩҽҩѹȥ
ллѦ١׳¶һĨϲɫͷлתһܳ⡣
˫۾ѦɣƺڵֲͣﲻиޣǧһﵽǴģ
Ѧ̾˿˵ңⶫŽԴģ˵ǶǰӱһɽڵõϸһϵûС
Ŵüͷ˵СӲ˰ɣҪǸʲôŽڽŪŪͷ󣬺Ūɶԭʼ˳Ҿֲ类
ѦһεҡҡͷҲ֪ȥǰ취ڴ󲿷ֿ˶ǳſ¡ģûļֲʧܴ󡣡
Ҷɳ˵˵ûҪ̫ʲô¡Ժûֻܹţʹʹ֪ǸŽŹֲ֣˵̲סΪѦɰġ
ѦɿЦ˵ʵʵװ˲ͷԭѰ˼Ž͵͵ѧ¡ֻҪ־ͲŽڣҲӦһҪ뿪мϿһݽֲΪѣֻһһ
ǰŽѭ浸أԴסֲҪԽԽֲ࣬ͽʵң̼ߣʵڰװͷҲû취ֹ飬ѦҲ֪ڽṩԴ飬ƫƫ޿κΣΪһԷֲпͣڵһʱΪѡ
ŴѦɼ򣬵˵СҲǸˣ治ΪʲôͬȱǮôȱתУƾԴʲô׬ǮΪɶҪһϵñܹô
Ѧ˫һ̧һ˵԰ΪɶҪôֲΪ֤ƾԼı׬Ǯ֤ˣҴԸⰡŴٲඥĸоѹ˵ԽԽţǼ⡣
һλŽԿ׳ĸΪ֤Լĵһ׮ƫ⣬ҰɫôЩȥˣλٰоȫעһ׮ƫϣԼĳԣҵͶͬȵľȡõĳɾֻ
Թ壬ԣѦǱڶ竹еʵɣΪͷԵĸҲֲֵӪģĶԭͲȱǮƴĳҲΪ׬Ǯ˲Ӧǯƣ˵˾Լұ
ŴԼĻãֵúϲ£죬̧Ѧɼ´Ц˵ưɣͽһﾪɵ鳣ӽӭ¼竵Ķ飬
ѦɱǾĵ죬˵ûֲܵ⣬µô̿ﲻ
δ䣬űƿӱվſڣź˵Ӷ˵ǻضĳô˶ˡ
߳ţ׼ڰ䣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲ֮ˢˢתͷȥֻһȺֶԶǹľװ˽ɷ˵ȫΧǹ׼뻮һѿһȺѵصʿ
Ҷ˫΢УһһŮ첽ƷƵļ϶ǣ½У


307 
УҶɶʶŮеΣǵϴθԼ֤ϾУŶûŮ˾Ȼˣ
ҲҶɣüͷ΢΢𣬽ŲҲ֮һδߵǰһʵ˭Ѧɣ
Ѧɻһǰһ˵Ѧɡ
һۣ˵ѲطΣڰȫһˡ䣬ʿǰסѦɸ첲һʿȡһڲͷ׿Դϡ
Ѧ˼£˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôƾʲôץҡѻ˵꣬һʿ̧Ƴ£Ҫûεķʽס졣
ʿѦƤ˲䣬һֻͻοסʿҶ˫ĿԲΣ˵ץҲҪƾݣץӵ
üͷ˵Ѳȡһطź꣬ƾҾץ𣿡ϳҶɣֻǲ˵û뵽СӾᵨԼץˡ
Ҷɷſʿ󣬴ӿڴͳһƲӲӵֱӶΣ˵ӵ˵ץأ
չƽסƿһۣ΢΢һ㵣ԵҲ˴Ȩޣܳλ䳤ϳƣܲ¼شӣôλأ
ˣҧһȣʿɿѦɣҶʱֳºڲͷף֪λܳԱΪҲ˲ˣԸʦµöԷ˼ɡ
εҶһۣ˫Ƶ˹˵ץԣһˡ
Ҷֽӹƴڴ˵߿ԣӡεͷһǴӦ̧һӣʿǹ˳ȥ
ҶĿתͻȻһСܽ˲Զİ䣬ֻƹƹһ죬Լһְӹ⾰һĴֽ˳˵߰ɡ
üһеĴֽתſȥҶƫͷ˿Ҳ߳ȥ
ѦɴҶ߳⣬վ˰βʧʵ磬֪ʲô𣿡
Ŵҧ˵֪ƨҿԿ϶˲ͨˣõǹʽͻǹ֪ǹȥзû䱸ľʹá
ѦתͷŴһʵô֪õʲôǹû䱸ʹõͻǹ֪¶ô붼ù졣
ŴٺЦ˹ģǾԣھ־Ͽǹģͣ˻Ҫе㰮á
Ѧ̾˿˵磬е㿴ҶˣָоʶǸҪץҵľ١
Ŵ˵ûʲôģֻҪ֪ҶӰǵֵܾ͹ˣеҲʵ̫ÿ˶Լܡ
ѦͷûʲôΪ֪ҶİԼֵܣѾˡ
оڻ˾ԱǴУΣǰеһԱԭµ˲ӣþͱ˾Ա
ճʻԺһһŮ˾ֱ˰칫¥߲㣬ʵ칫¥㡣
һ칫ǰŽȥ칫˾Աõģ칫ҪһЩľɳһľΣõİǰ칫һīɫơ
ľɳϲ£輸ϵĴɲתӸһ裬ˮѾ͸ˣպҲܽʡ
ҶɰеĴֽڲ輸ϽҿǸʳýƵļȣһڣеȺ
̲סʵʲôϵ
ҶҧһȣܹĴʦģ˼ҽĪ죬ʵҿڴﻹб֤ûó׳󡣡
ԭǾ쳤ϵͽܣ¶һĨȻı飬Ͽʼһ˿ȿ޻ѿЦݣʵȻ֪ҸݣΪʲôҪֹץѦɡ
ҶɵЦ˵ܼ򵥣ҸѦֵܣȻǰץߣŽڷҲӦùͷϡ
ζ豭һڣ˵˵ŽھźɣǰпԺԺʿȫ¡ȨѾ֪¡һһǾ벻ѿǡ
žžֳ̧ŷ°ƣ˲򿪣ȫװʿѺź߽˷䣬ŽϵıЩľګž͵ͷŵذ塣
ζʿ˰֣ת뿪˰칫ң˳ְŴϣźϵ˲䣬ͻȻһԾͷ˿Žڸǰ˦־ƺݺݳ˹ȥ


308 ӳ
žžǶʵʵŽϣҶɺĿһѪŽڲƫ쭳Ҳ˵ڵأľګҲһ
ˣ۸һʲô£
ҶһȺվ۵ŶŽڿ¡Ҳ˽̣۸һûзͷʵ˿ȥ
תͷһۣͻȻһŽڲʵ˵ȥ
Žڴ͵˫ͻȻһĨ˵ɳȥҲ˶ãܿܵǷģұ֤û˻ҵֲͷϡһ仰˵ָֻ̱ͣ˴͵ģ
˵ҶСȥ
Žڲζ˼£¶һĨϷʵЦݡ
Žڵ˵ҶСӷɳȥҲ˶ãܿܵǷģұ֤û˻ҵֲͷϡ
ŽڣҶ¶һĨɫԺƺ뵽ʲô
ַſŽڡ죬ߵɳ£˵ûźֻ꣬һ¡ˣ˵ĻҲôһ䣬ҪԴС
¡ˣҶϸŶĿ¡ˣòŽһģһϵװҲһ޶ʻѷֱ档
γ˵ǵģǻźѾӹ⣬ȫ׷顣
ҶɵʵɳȥҲûãҪ׷ӦòѰɣ
һ˵ˣоƲ⣬ԲϷҿԳͿշЧܿ״ֻҪɵϾͺķ·ߣźѡӿ϶˽ӦҪץס
Ҷü˼˼룬ʵǼȻ֪źҪӣΪʲô綯ץˣ֪ڱѾ˺ܳһʱ䣬ΪʲôҪȵ˲ų֣
źǰһ˴׼ܵ˼Ȼߺ󲻾óھֲһ֪źס˺ܳһʱ䣬綯־Ͳн鷢˶Ѧ鷳ʲô˼
һۣû˵źЩ⣬ûȷʵ֤֮ǰֻո߶˿Ƽ˲ţܽŽӵݿɿ鱨źѾ;ԱȡϵпܶڻЯҪгɹӣϼԿƣҺӸϵץʱѾһʱôɺϣŲ㡣
Ҷɴȥ̲˵пܣô˵Ҳܿ϶źһ˶԰ɣҺ˵ǱĳⲿſģصϼԼ취оʲôɹҲ˼ԼĶǲҪĶ׼˼ô
⻰ɫ䣬˵ȻУźյļв˹ҰȫҪҲҺͳ˴ȥ
Ҷɰ˰˵ץźҹܲˣ¸ѦûϵֻŽڵļ׬СǮԺˡ
һõ˵ȻǾ쳤ϵͽҲһԱѦǿԲץҪź²ܶκʵǶ˰ߣκ˲Ժϵ֤á
Ҷվ˵ƺ֤ʦ͵ģؼʱҲóãҪûʲôҾˣ͡˵첽߳⣬ܿһˬҲཻ̫ʡ
Ҷǰ뿪ֻͨһ绰﷢ϸ㱨һ飬ҲҶɳͳ֤顣
ã绰ͷһͳȷǸҶɵǾ쳤ϵͽô
һĴӦòһǰҸһ棬ӦһվѵߣҲ׾쳤ΪʲôΪͽоϲףȨ
绰ͷĬ˼룬ٶ𣺡һʱ츳ǿѧҲޣһʵʵþʱջƺ֤ССЩҲãмǲˡ
¶һ˿Ц˵ףһջƺ֤
ţȫ׷ź䣬ʱӾڱ
绰ҶϣΰֻڴһԵЦ˵ܲηˣջƺ֤˳ѵһǸ֪ߵغСӡ
ƲƲ˵ܲǽȥң쳤ϻǳģӦûǵ̷հɣ
ɫ䣬뵽һھ쳤ϵĴţʮǰ쳤չһͽ̷ܽգƷ书һ̷ռܵڶȥ񣬽ˣһһ򾡷ϣ쳤ϵ֪˶ȥ˵һҹ֮ɱˣΪӸ֮ƮȻȥһѪ֣ѪծѪɱ߾졣


309 ·ٷ
쳤Ǵ˵һĴڣΪͽܸһŭ֮½ˣºѪ޹˼ɣҲ˵һ̵ˣ̷ʦϲҲûյͽܾȻõƺ֤ɼ쳤϶ͽܵϲʤ̷գݲùͽһǰί
һˬܲջ֤¶ҪǱ쳤֪ǳأ㲻һҲһɵϣôҲŲ͵ġ
˻ˣôҰ
ðһȺ۰ͰܲѾˣջƺ֤ǳϱΪѡ
û˵˰¶Եģܲλ㱨һ쳤ͽܵͳˣǵջ֤Ҫѵûϵղ˵ľ͵Է硣
οɥ˵ﻹҽѵղܲζ˵׼ˣó˰ɣ㵹Ǹ취ȥԴͳô
¶һĨ΢ЦָᴥŲ豭أΪѵ˵취ûУͿ벻ˡ
¶һĨϲɫǰ첲˵ǳ㵹ǿ˵ȥһݴͳô
Ц˵˵ģһݴͣȥջ֤ô
İ취ţԽŴѾӺٺЦ
ҶɴӾûȥֲǴֱӻص˺Ѿǻƻĺ˸绰Ŵٱƽ¥¼ף׻˵üԲñͷÿĳ¼һ齣׾ͻջⷨԶȶʮΪЧ
һҹȥƤС𳵣ŹתתСÿҪȥĪңҶҲֵʱһѧϰܿȥתֵ˷ѧʱ䡣
¿죬ĪϪŵ߽˽ңЦеĳҶɴ˸кٻЦ뿪֪Ϊʲôܸо˱ûףĲЩζ
ҶɵĳӾͣѧУͣǳ͵İɫ·ҲΨһûϰĳӣÿ쵽ͣȡʱżдûչŮڳǻҲ⣬ԶԶһλŮվڳͷ϶ʱ¶ŰЦݡ
ҶߵԣŮ̴ȻѾ˹Σк
Ҷɣһؼ𣿡ŮͷȻһϮɫȹϴǿЦݣȴƲסɪɪ
Ҷ˵ԲҲʶ㡣˵óӳԿųӰ˰Ѹȥ
ણ߶˸ˣŮȻüٶȴ򿪳ģͷʲô˶УŮѧźúѧϰмɫһ˼ר߽ݾΪƤٷܶʮ꣬ȴ֪˷С
Ǿð澫̫׵õĶᶮϧһͷǿ׳ޣֻܲԵĹ̲ŻԵûǰʳ͵߷ʳ֮ζ
Ǹ߶ĳٹϲܾˣŮѣ𣿡
Ůֱ˵˵Լ⣬湻ġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵У㻹³ɣﰵ¶ģޱҪҲѧУ鷳
ٹһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҷɣһ޹ʵѵҲƯ𣿡
Ҷ̾˿˵ƯҲûãڸʲôŮѣ㻹ұ˰ɣ
ٹҧҧ˵ŮҲ⣬ҿˣֻҪÿ¸ǧУұ֤ǵһΡ
ҶɳˣûȻϸģ򿪳ȥƵһ򿪳ţ˵ٹͬѧ³㲻³ҲУֻʦһΡ
ٹһҧŴ˳ۿˮ
Ҷû˿ԥϳʻͣԴõûһ·ɳ˴·Ȼʹĳʻȥ
ĳٹŪЩķңҶ뵽һԼĵطʦµԺӣǵطƧһպϹһҹȥ
Ӻܿʻ뽼·ϵĳ˽ϡˮ·ɿŢĻ·ֻܷٻǰУͻȻҶɴӺӾڿһƤԶԶڳβѳ˸һ·ʻȥû뵽ƤȻҲûб˸ٵľ飬ȷƤǸԼڶԷʲôĿʱ
ǰһʯΪǰ´Ĺϵû˿ʯڿյġùҶҧһ䣬ڲʯѸٵͷ׼ԭ·ء
ƤͻȻͳһ·ϣŴ򿪣ߵļһϸһŵȼƿ˦·


310 ηǹ
硪ȼƿըһŻ棬ס·ǰеĵ·ҶһݣƺȻ򱳺Ľȴ˸գ꽣ڼѧУûߣתͷһȦûҵֵļһаѺǯһ˳֪ļһбҲǰ״³һ١
׻˵ո˵ԴͰƺҶɶԼֵһ˽⣬ʰûǹĽٷⲻĹߴ򲻹ٿԽŵĨͣϴŲСϻıƤѥ
ҶŹǯ³ִϳţǰһƹȫˣӰ̤ʮ׾ת˲һϺеĹǯһɨһ䡣
أһУ˸κηֽһ˲䱻շɳȥԶ̱֫ڵأҶԾֹǯЮźХվŵĹˣҲûţһƷһˡ
㺧ɫѸӦһԾʰէ֣ܹҶ׵Ĺ
ҶɽŸأչ۷ǯɨ񳱱ӿݳǯһźɫˣ缲Ӱޱȣǯ·һƬ⣬˲Ϣ佫ʽ顣
һͷһͳƺǽڷһ󳴶Ӱı죬ͽȻһϵ¿޷ͻűֻʣЩϣһ׿ƺȻûб
Ҷһͣ漴ҧӶеĹǯ˹ȥܶʲôѾû·Ψȫһ
ˡǯڹ˿ĺϷ޹֮ҧסйһ˳ûӿ
üһΪ˰޵Ըˣ㳢ǯɱζҶɳһ䣬йǯ޹İ˺󱳣Ѹٴؿڹ׹г鵶ȻУűĹ˻ͻһľëǸ߲Ż¶
תֻײȭְ㵷ҶɣѱԷȵȫ
ˣҶκȻһܹȭ磬еĹǯЮһɾݺݿϥǣ˳ʺؽھĵطǯϥǾһͷ׳ţҲҪ¡
Ҳʡ͵ĵƣȻ̧ǯ˳һҶ°ͣҶɰͷһܹż⣬еĹǯٿתͻ˽ףаص鵶㻮¸һһʵϵǡô˷ʤ
ѽһԾǯȴȻһʹУСѱ鵶УʱԾֻ´еľҪĵطпϡͿд̫ʷ
Се˼ͷһʹС˺һѪӣȻӰжȴʹģ֪Լڸͻһֺëÿһëǿȶ˿һ㣬һʵޱȵĻףƾ˷ֺ˿ͷСô˵ңѲϴʲô
ಡҶǰһˣǯһٿ˲ЮżХţǽУƽͷǯʹɱһԹĳ̶ȣпסСƴֻҪ׼öƤ
˫Ŀ棬Ŀת֮ѾǸԼ˵һСͿҶУ˳ᶯ˸
ˡ˵Ĺ˲䱻ǯͱ˼ʮ£ܸܵؿ𣬿ֵǲʹ֮ºܿ뵽ԭ򣬾쳤ϽСõķҲǽȴֲͨƽͷǯͱҲԼëɰʵ˺ֻҪСǰѹŹСС
뵽ͻȻܣ˫ȭӭҶɹͳȫһƴӲļơ
ҶɽͻȻһκӰƮΧŹưתһתһ߻ӶǯŴͷá
ơԴ˸ľ㣬صĹǯõͣҶһͺͷʦķӣһ־ӵ쾡¡
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ߣһԹսĹ˳һͽȻִӺγɫСǹ˫̧տ۶˰
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ëĹ˺ݺݳ·һۣת߹ȥ˵ͬ˳ǹĹ˫ֿ۶ӵĳ֡
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311 ֮
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312 ձ
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Ҷɵ˵Ҳ輸飬ҪǾĻھͶЩǮ˵ʱȡϣװ飬׼λŮˡ
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Ǹ߶ĳٹϲܾˣŮѣôŮıԺл֮ȥĻ·ڶ߻죬ȴѾˡ


313 ̯
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314 ڴ
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ҶͻȻָųٹ뿪ķ򣬵ʵܿ뿪𣿾ܰҰԶһЩ
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ҶɴӿڴͳǮŴԵľУ˵ͣǶμ¼񿽱һݣøŮѧ뿪ʱգҽȡ
¶һĨϲɫͷ˵Ҷϴģһӱ֤ȫŪá
Ҷתס¬ѹ˵ȥˣסˣȲҪ̫ˣ֪ͺá


316 ҹӰ
¬ҶɺҵλͶСܣдͬһ󹷵ϸסַһЩ
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Ϊ˲Է֣ҶɿΧżɳ˸Ȧֿⱳ棬èŲſڽӽ
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һСƽͷݺݳ˼̣ƨɰ˵ϣ˵ҸǲˣŪһŮѧץ˸Ů죬ǿ˼ֻҪϳǹӶĲֵ
һͷ³ݣ˵ԽԽˣǸŮѧŲŪأ˻㣬ó˶Աߵ㷨ùŶиƨôҪǽŪŮǲˣŮѧûš
Сƽͷֵһ̳ڣ˵Ҳˣ취ɱ˿ҪǹӵģѰ˼Ҹطһ󣬷Ÿһĵ
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Сƽͷ˸̹ͷ˵˵ˣǽȥ˵Ի˶ֶӣŮŪҸһܡ
أֿͻȻһ죬ŵһͬʱվСƽͷһֵ֧Ѹٳķ˹ȥûʲôҲֵһȦΧӰûС
һִۣӺϰγһСͷϣűӳֿȥͣһֵͣǰһգ˵СĽ
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žž˺ͬʱһƵƺһ̱ȥСƽͷһǻҲһתֵͲһŰײҲҵŵŴ͡
ؾںһƵСƽͷϣһſſ̱ȥҪһƴ˼ͦߵģ´üһҶɵһ䰵˿첽ߵ˲ֿǰèƿһխ죬۾ŷ˹ȥ
ֿڰһŷһܴĸ̵˿ƣϺơƿ͸ߺȾƳֿ̣
ܴϰһŮˣֽŶʵάΰס˳ʴͰܴϣһĺ첼ϸһᷢһƾɵĺá
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ĸſڵľƾһ۾ϳϳ˿⻹мذ׺һ֧ǹһ֪ѾΪɥĲͽһߴһߺȾ̸Цŵ˼㡣
Ƥͷӵˡ
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Цִץ˸ơƿ˻Σѧ׳Ŀ˵Ӿۼ£֤ۻɣٺٺ٣˵ơƿЦܴȻת߻ԣǹ䣬תܴ
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顪ֿŴһ죬ľ޷סǿĳصɣһӰ˽һ㵣ץϵذףƴذ˲ͻȻһɱĲҺѪ
Ѫ죬̴Ѫ϶һ͵ĽһɵĽѵĽⶴ󣬾ᴩ֮䣬ʹҽɵڵأһˮ̹ĸ󡣬ͣ鴤
ĵ״󾪣ѸٴγǹǹָӰ۶磡ӵתˣٴο۶ʱѾˣоϴһĴʹʶͷһ˫ͫ͵һϺһһɵһ룬Ѫ˳Žʵ䣬ͫ׽ɢ
硪浹£ָþ˰ӵ䴩ݶƬ¼Ŀ
Ҷɴվܴԣɴ˫˲浹˵ϣѾ͸ɱˣһ׹˹ȵףƲԽ΢΢
ղſǹ룬һ˵ǰνʹ̣û뵽񽣾Ȼ̴˺ܶԷǲ׶񼫣ɱˣʱҶԺһƬհףһʱ䲻֪ôźá
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318 
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½Ƹղƫͷʱ಼߽ǹסǹ͵˦ͷȻǿ಼˳⿴Լľһɱ׷ʱΪɱ˵ᡣ
Ƕɱ˷񼫣ɱһҲֻҿԸ֤½Ʊܴϣֻܳ԰ο䣬ͻȻĿһݣСı󣡡
ಣһ뻡ΰ׹ⷴתҶֳһת˫۵ĺˣѪָвӿ˼ɵ
ѪĳڵϣҶɳˣ鼱ɱˣʣһϴѾȥ籼磬ֱ̼ȡҪ˱һϺת۳ʬ塣
½ƴˣ֪ǰѧָ߳ɱ˼ܣղۼͽֳذҪףɱ˾Ҫɱ޴ѡ
÷ϣſңһ֤
˰Σ½ֿʼοҶɣﰵԣҪϴԷ׼׷
Ҷҡͷ̾˿ִϰγ鵶ǰӿڴͳֻ˹ȥ
绰ɣϵµĴֿ⣬Ҳߡ
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ҶɽӹֻڴպСߵһƿơҧӹ˼ڣִϵ̺һ̵ϣ˳ڣ˫۽Ųֿš
½վһ˴ߣ飬Ҳ֪ΰοҶɣֻǵȴ
ۡԶҶɼ̵ָ˼£һؿݰɫ̻ңܿһӺǹʵĸɾ˲ֿţڶǹһ׼ԵҶɣû˵ָ伴ȼͷյһڣ³һŨŨ
˵ֻһֺϰߣҶǰ̣˵һ̣Ϊڳ˳治֪ʲô
һ꾯ٴӲֿ첽˽һԵҶɣٰĿͶϵʬ壬˺һ˲ϴһ񽣣һ񽣶ڵо̫Ѩͻͻ˼£üͷⲽߵ뷽׵λվʵɱģ
ǣǵһɱˡ
Ҷľګĵ˵ͷָͷѾȼ̵ָһͷϡ
һɱ˾ɱվһԵĳǹɾɫһ࣬סָ΢΢
꾯һ˵ץз̻С
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Ҷҧתͷ½ƣԺһƬհףһɾǰһڲͷףŤ첲Ѻųֿȥ
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۵ججҶɱƽһĿռ䣬عϣϵûժյһʹߣϵ鵶ƤڸоͷЩѡ
̧һһ죬ϱ˩һص·ֻϵģҶۣӦ˿ռĹߣһʮƽ׵ˮ෿ӣǰһխߵұһ׸ߵˮ̨ӣܿܳһխľ壬񱱷Ĵ󿻡
źܶˣȫͷˣ٣һӣͷһͷţҶɿǰ治ԶһľţŽǰ˼ͷ
ȣվá
һͻȻ洫Ҷͣ½ŲѭתͷȥͷһĶʵСӣһƤڵе죬һʱ벻
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ٺ٣ɱ˰ѹӣ˵˵ɱʲôˣ
СһϷʵĴҶɣ¶һ˿ЦݣͽֵĶ̷ǰСôɱ˵
Ҹ㲻죬˵ķҶɵĴһ䣬ͷһʹı۾


319 ̿ƻ
Сˣһ룬ȥӲӲ٣ַµĶУû˽־ͺģһֶʮˣֻҪһʮ֣СӴͣҲǶצϻԣÿźٱᣬٺӲҲҪԹԷ
ǱһĲ֣ǲѧϰίԱ󺣣̳Իʱ䶼÷ҹܡ
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ЩҲסˣļһǸͷԸкְܶ취ûòɵʱ
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Ӹɻһֱֵܳƺɽϴ罭ɻҶ˺ǺӰȥҽԺ϶ҶСӲǺףһ˴Ͳֺ飬ģгһճȥһҪҶСΪ籨벻үۣѸƻǰ˺ܶꡣ
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Ҷޱ˵ɻֵܺһˣ˶߲ˣʵûҲһҲ
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˵ҴӽôһܳȥһҪ㱨ڿģҵǲ뱨ˣɱ˷ҪģҾʱѵ㹤棬Ҷġ
Ҷվ첽ߵӸǰͲһϹǰıӴڼϣ˵ҪˣҲȰôͷΪ治𡣡˵תߵǿľ԰ѱ̺ãЬ£׸޷˯ñסӣ˫һ꣡ϡ
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ŴָЦѵĺӣصı飬ǰλİŲŽ˰Ҷɴ˿СӾǸʱըʱбըΣա
ξ۾Ķʾƿл棬ѾҶϵӽϾɽõǰ֣Ȼָת˿ߵĽѾ𿪣Ĵҽϵ
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Ҷɴͣһ˫˸˷ܵ⣬СҶͶ뿴־⣬ΪǽһʣͬʱҲĸԸļܡ
׻˵ϲѩ̿һҶѾ;쳤֤ҪȰܶǲܳɹģΪȱȨƽ޹ȥ˹ΪĸԸ뵽ӣûȨоʱѩ̿ԹԼսӡ
̴žž죬ܲܳɹȴδ֪Ϊ׼̿ĶǸ


320 л
ˣ˯еҶɸоϴһײӷ˸ŤͷȥֻһĹͷӵ˫վԼԡ
ȣԷŶȥ
ͷӵۺǳһĿⲻͷͬӴţǰż룬װżˣܿ⻹һֻռǰһ࣬ڼܳԵֻʳѾ൱
ǰųĶӣһŹͷ϶ɫʸ뾲ȴи򿪵СŵǰĹͷаеС˰Ѱ൹Уȡ˰ĹͷԾƵ󣬴Ӽֺһ˳ȥֺиʮƽ쾮ͬ˶Ҫ쾮緹
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Ҷ̳ݻȴûҪɱ˵˼֪ǰļһһָܺʹΪԼֻɱָʹĴǣѾúףСС־ǸǿʳأΪԺ۸ֻĳЩĲļʶԼʵ
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ܵĹâһѷ䳯Ҷȥץ˴ǵŶε˵شֻҪ־ζ˼ĻᣬζžػɣɶеǶĶΪԸƴ
һȳ嵽Ҷԣִγһݺ󾱣ⶫһ֧Ӳˢĩ˱ĥ׶״ֻҪҪ
ﲻκνߣ֮Ķ˽ܵ¼зˢĥһȻҶ֪ⶫû˭ҲԸ׶ɱ
Ҷзˢһȥ飡һھƶˢ۳أӿھȥδߣ̼ںؿڣټһɾƽɳ׿ײǽϣʱѾѪȥ
һֻ󹦷˵ǰ׷ֳҶץȥڴܺ·һԭʼĶԺ
ҶǰһͣסĴӴײķˣֻһ죬ײƿ˵ǰķ˲䱻αȫײ䵽µߵڣǰľճһƬ
ģҶ˫ĿԲһƽؾף˫ֽվڴżխߵϵķǣƵӰӷϹι
ģûģҶǿޱȵսòٷ˴˼վߵſϵĻˡ
Ҷҧ̧һָǽǵĺӴ˵Ǽһǰг޳ԹҪ鷳ȵԼķ˵˫ָץסһˣ˾ݺһֻÿһ죬ϵĴء
˻˻ߵһƬǲûӵɳͽδţַ˵ǿǳ׾ͷ
Ҷߵ˵һľǰִץֻռŷ󺣵ҧ˼ڣ۵һ򿪣ǹʵ侯ڶǹһ׼ҶɣǼƺֻҪٶһͻ°
ҶɿҲǰ侯ͷֻ˴еռʱ˵ǼٵģûѡܻܿᱻŪڼУţٲϡͿ
¡ͷ侯ϰԵĺ֣ɺȴٳٺڣûֻһֻһռѲɽռ
Ҷһһڿռͷһʣ˫۽ǰǹڣҶƺڵȴʲô
˿һֻèצĴһֵĲص侯ָҶɴеɱ˷ˣ
ˡһƵĽŲԶſ߽һλװˣüһۿϵҶɣͳһƤ֤ͷ侯ǰһΣ˵ǵˡ
ͷ侯ɫһ࣬ĽŶԾװ˾˸תԵ侯˸ƣǹһ̧ߡ
ߣװ˶Ҷ֣¶һĨĿЦ


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ֻͷβ˷ֱۣΧ侯ȴֲǰֻܵ꿾˿
Ҷɰϵڷϲ˲˵ѧϰίԱǰɣҴѧ˲ٶϣǻл档˵ɿ֣һ߳˼ִš
Ҷ˿һ칫ڣߵ칫£ӿڴͳһƬԿ׶ϣ˵ӣ̸
ҶǰԿ״϶ӵϣڰ칫£˫ĿŶΣƺҵЩʲô
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Ҷͷ£һƽסķӿִεĻ˵Щûõģʦڣֱ֤ˣôֻ˵
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һ࣬˵սӣҿԾܸɣǳִʱԹԼѾΧòܳλ䳤Ψһɣ
Ҷһʹҡҡͷ˵ԣһ
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Ҷ̧ͷŲҰ׵컨壬˵ҵҲܵЩʲôǳЩΣյ飬ҵܼ򵥣һǿΥĵ飬ڶһˣҪչСãӦҼ룬Ӧһηɣ
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վ¶һĨЦݣ˵ߣĶԺ
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μ˼۾Ц˵ϲһԱͽôҲҪǴһٰɣ
죬Ц˵ãҼҰķ꣬ǿԸһܵ飬ԺЦ
Ц˵û⣬һҪѪδ䣬ճһ˳ȥ
Сʱ󣬱¥Ƶᣬϰ˾ŲһĲζڣиĺôԿãã󺣣ζĺӴƮ룬·˼رζ
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ҶɶƱյһںȾʵӣ˵˵ܵɣΪʲôȡô֣
һںȹⱭоƣЦ˵һ˫֦ʵ֧ӵսɣսӵĳԱҪԹΪлΪ฽ߣսӵĳԱҪǾѵߣҲΪĸߡ


322 빦ѫ
ܷΪսӺͽսӣͬܲıϹϽսӹӣΪꡢǡۡצÿ֧սӳһֱԱˣʵǿȣսʵǿ³սʵʵԶ
սӵĺɲ֣֧սйߵռ˰˳ɣսר鱨ͲҽƲţרԻΪִּеͬһͬ㣬սִеִͨź;Ӳִе߸ǡ֣ǳзǳ¡
սӵĳԱ󲿷ߣɷΪߺͺ࣬ߴӽһ̿ʼͱӵĳܣɳ֮зԼӵڳ˵սӹӣ֮ìԯ֮ܣǰߴйܺΪܣศɺ޼䡣
һСȺ壬ߣߺ߲ͬûκ似Ҳûκܣͨһʽòѷ似ܵǿ顣ӹӵǿĸһֱڣʱھһλܳŮߣֽ槼̳˾β֮ĽճһʱҲһλ޵еĸߣԪԣ̳˽֮Ŀ񣬺ɨ޵УƳʷʦλӣҲӵǿĸߣҰʷ˵
Ȼ࣬սӵ൱ҪĵλսӶӳξ֮һõǿĳֻܽõ峬ǸǸߣһһλΪӣȻڱֳǿӵ൱Ǳʵռ伫ܽˡ
ǧƽʷԴԶʿֻ֪Ҫ˾кûƶ֣֮вӵгﱻ̰ʹΥҼ͵ĹԹ𺦣ִͨź;ӵյЧҲؽǳصĴۣܵĴڿⲿˣ֪֮ϲַ
ưӿ֮ƴûһͣЪƽսụ̂սƼսս˫໥ģϢȥûʻĹûеᤣѪϵӢĬĬߡ
ܵĳԱӵг˵ȨǸӵһڹҵģֻҪҺҪͷ­Ѫ޾޻ڣҲáҲաĸߣҶԼΪЧĽЩ޷ɵ
ҲѶȵȼ֣׿ɷΪABCDĸȼAϻѶȵȼֱSSSÿһȼμսԱǾͻһĹѫ㽱ѫԶһɸʵԽǽǮװݳƷڡֽϰֻ֮࣬ӦĹѫһ⹦ѫ㻹ǽݣ˵ѫ㷴ӳԱΪĶ٣ȻҲȺսʿǷĻر
νܵĴƿҶɺԼƣһӺ˸ɾ
Ҷɷ¾ƱЦݣһܵһܼ֯ΪЧҲǼ¡
ץźʲôǸAɣ
ҶͻȻ뵽һ飬ȻҪſھʡ
οЦŴץźBԭԱɣоѶȺܴԽϳʱ˵ˣ˳ѫƽ֡ϧһˡ
źڸ߿Ƽ˲ţרھ־̩ɽڶʱڿ¡ǧĿһǶϷܵóֲļ裬õҪϸп޷ԤƵغ
ҶɵЦ˵źΪҷãҪץ׼ô죿
εһƴں꣬Ц˵ô죬ץֻлȥٽսҲʧܵĻѶȵȼܻܿ˵A񡣡
Ц˵ֱӵʧҲǵԭ˵Ҳֵˣջ˱ȹѫҪĶָҪҶɣһ˱֮θǴӮҡ
ҶվߵԣĬĬŴĺԶиͷͣŸִСֻΪ籩ԵʣѡһҵҲ֮١
ȻһǴһˣһİ״ӿ첽ߵͷһλƤڵӼ̸̽˼䣬תشգֻвӡ
ҶͻȻתͷ˴˵ҿźˣûԶ


323 ź걻
Ǵ߳˾ź꣬û֪ΪʲôںߵǴϣҶпù
κһ嵽ǰҶ̧һָǴ˵ҸղſźǱߵǴ϶
δ˸Ҷɼ˵ͽ̤Ьٴȫѹץźһݹѫ˵ͻȻ־òףƫͷһԵ˵֧սӹͬɣ书ѫȻҲҪѯ
һνЦЦ˵ûѫƽ־УԺдѻ
Ц˵ãھ͹ȥץˣBĹѫǺܿɹ۵ġ
Ҷüͷ˵֣֪ȥ
ҡͷ˵ֻҪץ˾ȷȥ򣬴סſڣȥҽץˡ
ãҶӦһδӿڴͳһпݸ˵򵥰ɣٺúòһ١
ͷһЦȡ˿ת߳˰ᣬ̧ȡһںĵӱݸҶɣһ˵๦ֱ͸㣬Ӻʼжססţκ˽ҪʱԲȡǳֶΡ
Ҷɴϣһʱ䣬˵ףסû⡣
ת۹ȥ˿첽߳ţٶȳͷȥ
˳ǴԣִȻû壬밶ԶһҪȥѣҪ׼ЩѶˡ
Ҷһۣʵȥûɣûվȥҿ塣
ҶɵһЦû⣬ԶҲȥ˶ǿһϼװ⡣
δӺȡһǹȻҶУ˵ȥ˵참бҪԶǹСĵ㡣
Ҷɰǹ䣬ͷ˼ͽȻٳͷᡪڿԾһ˫ڼװϣһ죬һ嵽˴ԣԭºװ˵ɰȻԾ𣬽Ÿ̤ʵһԾѾ˴ա
ʲôˣͷܹӣΪͷλƤڵ꺺ӣһ۴ֵ
Ҷڲſڣְǹ׼ˣȵ참һɤӺȳǰĺͣ˽Ų۾Ŷǹڡ
꺺һᣬЦ˵ƨҲð侯죿õǹɣ
ҶɵЦ˵˭ҸȰ㲻Ҫ£Ը
꺺˫һģҸľֵǣⲻ۵С
磡һǹ꺺˵һĺݻһ͵ָյǹڣһƵƮ𣬵ǹٴתǣ˱Դ
Ҷǹָ꺺ӣʵѲӷأʵźʲôϵ
꺺æе͵٣治֪ӷǴ㷵ʱƯںϣľһ´ϵ˶֤
ҶüͷʵһƯںϣûʲô
꺺æҡͷûУ˵ԼǳģϷ˰ѴˣӦصһʱ꣬ЩǧȷҶ֤¾ˣ벻ӷ
Ҷƫƫǹڣ˵ǻʵڷ¹ϰѴӰ˴ܲϰڽ˰ѴҲʡЩ鷳
õģϿ꺺Ӧ̶첽ͷܿо򰶱ߡ
ˡڴصĽŲѺ˫ֱź˳ڰߣͷ
ļճѾͷʾҶǰ棬ԼѺź˺ӳ򼲳۶ȥ
һ·źǳ䣬ںšתͷһۣЦ˵ӣҪˣαִ¡˻ȥ
ãЦ˵ģξСͦùģɵͻȻʧأ˺ҪǴֻѾүŮ
źֳһĨɫ˵ƾʲôץңҵ׷ʲô
һ࣬˵ѾϵԱȷ֤ݣ㷸ʲôҲ֪ɷԺö
źͻȻͷһƵĿЦЦ̵˶Ĥᣬ˵ӣ졣
̧һǸɾƵϣźһ˹ȥڴһƿڵСļзС


324 ܲ
ź걻˾ֻ˲СʱͱһѺȥ˱ͬȥĻκѾɣҪػظһüճҶɣٷֱʱԼټ
ҶԺֽ֤÷ŻԶѾòˣС¥ƻؼУٽκ˵ĵ绰ÿѧֱӻؼң̴꽣ܣԶڱǰ˽ɳ̲ܷ
Ѿù죬⻹ԶԶҶҪÿһʽڻͨշģʮһСϼˣúڼ˸λϻϳ̲ȵĺߣһһ鹥ڸλļˡ
١֫Ҫϱ˺ۣʱ䣬ҶӲ׼ȷһأѾһδٷͬĴ
˰ٱ֮ÿһòʾвͬʹϣֻгĿ뽣һĬǱʵͷũ߱һʹеĹߣչߵԲַܳá
Ҷɲɵ֪սʱԸΣ񣬿ĿؾΪ˻øһЩҪеؽԼֱ۵һ֣Ա㽫ӦֲԤ֪Σա
ಡ꽣ںҹӭХӰһĹ⻡ҶɽŲɳ̲һתǳۣɳ̲ϵļ𶯣Ӱڼߴ󲻶֡첽콣֮·γһϡ
Ҷɼƹмͣ½Ų̧һϵĵӱһĨǳЦֿ룬쵽ˣӦûٿһ㡭˵˹ȥ
ʱתۼǸԼüӣҶѧУ˸٣һ翪ϴϴɭܵģж԰ԶϰǸʵˣҲɵƯﲻϴҲӪ޳ҵú
Ҷ٣ֻˣ
СϰǸʮͷˣĶʵһҶѾϴüسˣСϰĹϵ൱
ҶЦЦѵģ׼úϴϴ
Сϰǰһ³ӣ̧ͷһҶ˵λǾİɣҾβͰżϡ
Ҷ¶һ˿ɫʵô֪ǴУۼ϶żϡ
Сϰִ򿪺ţЦ˵ɭû˵ǰڲָװԱֻżϾٲŹ񿪣⳵װ˦ʲôļ֣ҪǸٸװһ£½ϻ˵ʱִӺһС⣬߹ҶɣϵĶ۴СҪԭ
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ডһֵļХ˲䴫ҶɱХ̵öĤ飬ְӴڴǳϵģҲôأȳϴٶȥС
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ͻȻ԰ſڴ󾪺ҶѭȥֻһȺοģ˴˳һܻһ߸ʲô
ƣһ޺⿪еɻͷܳ˶԰ţųһͷʨܳԱϻӡ¹աֶ˳ԭǶ԰Ұ˳ѹЩοͻŵôС
ǳ˽ֵһʱ䳵ͣ˾ɢߣӶ԰ӳĶƺ治巽򣬾ſھۼתʳĲȥʳݵģĲȥ۸СģתԴĴ·ѰʲôмСοͻŲ·ܵǰҲû⵽̱˼
԰ڳһȺˣǹʹǹĿǹѳӵĶǷŵһѣʣµĶҲ֪ܣȻվԭתȦȦѶľҲæ԰Աһ𻨴ѳӵĶȫܻ
԰ſΧóǹڵýʿ־Ųܲץж԰ؽΪý౨Ľ㡣
ҶԶԶ˼һĻÿڴֻһ죬ͳһۣһţſڵ㡣Ρ
Ҷɿ첽ߵճԣѾûȻһ£һǮˣϳֱ
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325 ͬ
Ҷ³һñ첽ſڣ֪ľװʲôκ˵ıֲѿԷͷСʲô·ȻӦܾͲҪĴǡ
װŴҶɣ۽΢΢һУӭǰƣ΢Ц˵Ҷɣ쳤ϵӣһᡣ
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װ΢Ц˵սܲı
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ЦʵûһСģҸطļ䣿
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һ۴⣬˵ȥһϤĵطһС
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǰҲ֪ʲô⾳֪ҷúȷóԣ˵Ѿˡ
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˳࡭ѵǲܴ˳ࣿѾ뵽˵ϰޱȵĴºţһܵĲܴ档
΢΢һ̾˿˵ܴվ뿪ˣƽҲһȤ˵ɣһ̾ϢȴŨŨĲᣬ˭뵽ǰǸȫͨһβܴ档
Ҷϸһſڵĵϰ壬ôҲֵģҪ˵Ǹ֣Ǿݲĸ֣Ǹ߳ݲַۼʶֹһΡ
ϴ󣬹ϰǰҲܵΪʲôܵһſڿСݣҶ̲סеĺ棬תͷһ䡣
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˳࣬ɵϵˣҲܳ䳤Ψһ쾳Ĺߣһ̫¯࣬Ϊܵһ֣սĴңܳһʱڰ˷µAɹSʮǰսսSSһѪսսҲˣ龭ϡ
ȫ¹˳ұס̤֮ţ֮˳ܣһſڿһС꣬ΪϼҾС
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ߵǰĹϰ򣬵˵࣬ˡ
˳۾תͷһԵҶʱ˫΢Уʵôһˣ
ҶɿЦ˵ǰռġ
˳վ΢Ц˵ȥݲ衣˵ִһѾբ첽߽˳
ҶݣСԲǰСþԷ˵ļ۸ԸһЩͼ徲
£˳źںĳײ˽໨ɲ豭㣬׼ȷ򱭿ڣעУ˿뵲ɢ
˳²ֶ˲豭һ˵ԶԲƣλһ
Ҷͬʱٱв裬ֻڣζ𣬲һĺò裬˵ȴͬ


326 δѶ
˳Ǻѣ˺Ȳʱǲ˵һСҶޱƣƺ«һˣ֪ڳϸλӳƨ̹
࣬Щûô
ڿڴ˳ţһھҶһƤ񣬰̵ʲôãܲϴ˵ô˵СϱʮǰľƵģ⻰ôűŤ
˳൭һЦܺãһǣÿ»н࣬·ߴҲõڱͱӣ
豭һڣ˵ʱػؿѣʱ㣬ķһֱţӡ
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˳ɫ䣬еĺڲҲ˼£˫۽˰ͻȻ̧ͷ컨壬˵ʮǰսӸĴ۲Ű񷶥ɽٴγӦòԲ˰ɣ
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˳˫ϵĲ豭˵ܲΣϿܵһͻԲ䳤ҲδܽɱΪҵҾͷȰһ䣬취Щ˳֣Ӧø𡣡
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һĨʧ֮ɫӿڴһȫµпϣ˵࣬ʮĹʣһԺʲôҪæʱҵ绰ĳЩϼᣬ뿪ǽõİ취
˳̾˿վ˵ʵͨͦõģԺٸҷʲôˣǳȥ
Ҷɸ˼˾ͽ̸ֻܸ뿪С꣬ǰ˳֣µ͸һСҶֲժƵԵ裬ƺŵԵڴ˵˼
˻صϣͻȻ죬ָһϵֱֱʾϳһ仭档
ܲΣ׳̷أҪиװˣ˵ʱ¶һ˿ı顣
֪ˡüͷһšָʧתͷ˵ȥ
ǣӦһŲ˼ʻλҶɻһλãƨȣѾٳ˳ȥ
ٶȲŴСͷ͵˻˳һɻ뿪ٱʱΰһոµ֤ҶϣӼʽΪսһԱоС챾ϳЩ׹֡
Ҷɶأͷ˼¸Ϊʲô˫Sҹ˳̣µû˫SץסһǿߣǼһʮǰս۽ףλ䳤ѾȥɱǸĹߣ׶༪١
ģղ˳̸пܲʦλͻԲϢҪ취֪ͨʦС
뵽Ҷͷ·𱻻ͼ壬·ͣͳֻͨĪүӵ绰ǵĪ˵а취ϵʦĪ죬һϣҲҪһԡ
绰ܿͨͲдͿȡ
ȿȣҶɰô
Ҷɼæʵүӣǰ˵ϵʦм
һֻΣܸ洫Ϣξի¥ϣĻڿԹ
㣬ܷ㣬Ϲ
ҶϢͷϲ̷ֱի


327 չʯ
ի¥иС̨ξ̨ϵһСڣĪүҶСǰִľСţֱ˽ȥ
ĪүֱϴŸƤףʱƤϻһֻཱུСר˷ֳΪһЩʳԼô˰ңүֱһ˻ֱվһֻӡ
ǰҶ浯٣żҲܴ֮СݣӵҲĪֱֻͨҪ׳ʵ࣬Сϲֻͣͷһ̧С֨Ľһ˶ӣһδĶĪϽ
Ī΢ЦŴӿڴȡһСֵָĻܣ˿ϣ૵ΰΣһҪ͵ϣа㵢󡭡˵ʱִӿڴһֻС쵽ǣü๵סͷʣֽ
ĪϴڴװʮֻСһֻһֻóιΣҶһĬĬţֱʮֻβżһչĪͷһȦֱʣת۹Ȼʧƶˡ
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Ҷջߣ̲סһ䣬ѾҪ˵ȫдֻҪʦյž֪飬ֻϣ̰Եܾҵʦ
ĪЦЦ˵ģһҵ棬ŲúܴϢʱĳһ١
ҶЦʵǰľ飬ƶûлţ
Īһ˼˵ҲҪ죬Զʱ仹һЩϴϪҾδѶ
ҶɵͷһЦүӣڹȦ㣬мæ
Īʵʲôֻ˵ܰһ
Ҷһ˵æʯ䣬ⶫҷǳãֻҪϢԸ⻨ؽչ
ĪһͷӦû⣬ʯⶫڹȦϳ߼ҪռҲʲô£һ෽ʯ䣬һϢ֪ͨ
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ҶɸĪ뿪իͻȻεķ̬һķӣȲȥһԡ
һ֣нֲڽУԸߵ;˽ϵɾ͡Ҷһķӣǹ̶ģǲϻģзԤ⵽һҪηԸϻĶõİ취ĽУܶλӰΣֻ޶ȵķ
Ҷʮܺͻ֣ͻȻȥװгʮģغһЩʵóװ÷ؼУֻȼӻһ̿ʼװ
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ҵģظеˣںĴǻڶݣҶɶֻȫע׼ȷ׽ÿһ˿ϸ΢ı仯ʱ۵ţʱԽʶҲһַּ
ʱת۹ȥ죬ҶյĪϴĵ绰ѾϢիһˡ
ҶɷѧȥիĪݺдһСͲһͷŰүӲû˽Կݡ
ȥǩڵֽչһţʦĪëдģ˵Ѿ֤ҶɴȥϢҿѶʾƴǰ˷˰ȫ书ù
֪ʦûҶ˼Ҳ˳ְѶŵݸԵĪϣүһϵݣ˵ףֽ˵м䲻ѿͽܳ谮мӰ
ҶɿЦ˵ͽܴŵҲңϧʦÿֻرһΣ׻˵겻ʦһ㣬ʦײβͽܵҲֻӲͷƤϹĥ
ĪڨЦ˵ÿڱʮ£ҶӡϰߴûʱԼĥҲʲô£ϴѰʯЩüĿѾҵţؼԸۣҪۼߣһҿ۰һҿʯƷ඼㲻ҿϵ
ʯҶ˫Ȼһæ˵⣬Ȼ⣬ֻҪʯܻǮҶҪ¡


328 
ſʯ֪ﾭֵĹŹʲôҶ˵ȽǮҪвƸȡаԥ
ȻĪϿʯȻϾм۵ĶϰýǮһЩļֵʯҲһʯнٿ֮࣬ҶΪʲôռʯ
ãҼ̸ؼϵǰʯף֪мλؼҲʯһᾡϵۡ
лүӣҴȻһǮֻҪʯذⶫô
ŶԭˣǮϪϵͺãһᾡܶİռʯ
ĪȻһЦ֪ҶѾݾΪʦȻʯôѾܵýǮˣԼȫҶռ
Ҷ뿪իѾ磬Ѿһʾ޿ĪϪĪϰæܶռʯȻ֪ռʯһϣֶԽԽãٻѡء
ƽʱ÷ɿ죬תǼȥѧ죬ĪϪЦӯӯ߽˽ңͬ첲һСִ
ĪϪߵԣִӴȡзҶɸǰ˵ʯүүϵ˼ңźܿͻϢ
Ҷһд򿪣һżСʯͷԲεʯɫƣϺͿһָͣһԺȻһٵ
쾧ࡣ
ʾԵúܼҲ֤ʯƷ
ҶɵһЦϸӷһԣһд򿪣һžӨ͸СʯͷȸղǿҪÿ࣬иӵСָյǰ˼룬üĵƤͻȻһ
Ůʯа֡ʾٶз·һ˿졣
ŮʯôⶫҶüͷ૵һ䣬ʯͷȻʯָоʯͷļֵʯߡ
ĪϪûֹЩʲôѹ˵ʯͷүү˳յʯǸѧңʯǴһĹеģʱʯǶһŮϲıڻϣѾղʮ꣬Ϊֶ֧ӵҵŲòʹ
öǺöĪϲյʯллүүҶ˼ʯŻغУװЦ˵ߣȥһȥʲôֻܿڡ
ĪϪգһ۾΢Ц˵Ǳ¿һϼ¥˵ķζܲɴ࿪
ٻͷ˵ĩһЩȥҲûϵҴסڳǱǿԽһȥ
Ҷɱ˵УȡҽϺϵ˵һСܳ˽ңɿҵͷⲽǰУ˵ǰһǡ
תͷһۣ¶һĨõЦݣðѰ˼ҪҪ㣬СԼˣߣ۸Ҹطȥ
ҶЦ˵СٻøһȥǱϼ¥Էʲô·˵
Цϼ¥ǵطοɲͣʲôӣ
Ҷֻ˳ǰߣƲ˵ԷҪʲôƵ𣿶Ӷ˾ҪԷ
ǺֵܣƽʱȴһرҶ󼸺ûʱ˼飬ֵܼǷݸһ̳Ͼƣʱ䵭ԽԽ㡣
ϼ¥ڷ羰ϼ£װӣģĪϪ˵ϰǸ컪ĸףλ󸻺ϼҾڱҵ鲼ǣ£һ֣¥ҵ컹ԼʣĴ쵼ȫףأϣλ󸻺ּ֧ܶ罨裬Ϊľýשʲôġ
ϼ¥ȫõؼ˵Ƴǳ״ӣζȻö˵ǮҲͨнײȴһཷ˿ȻҪٰʮ黪ңһͨĶҲٰˣϸҪλƲ˾ȻԪ֮ޣطԵĲǷˣǻ̵ĳƱ
ܷ˹ˣȻ٣ޱȡ
ҶýѾֻڴ˸λ£˵ĪϪֻ졣
Ҵͳһ̨ƽָµݵҶǰЦ˵׼ƽ̨רװƷë֮࣬ͷȱʽͶʡ
ҶЦ˵ðСӵͷԸŵùҪͶ˵
ҧҧһ˵ƽ̨ܶ࣬ҪǰʽҪ㣬Ҫ׮⣬ʵ˵ͷóʽ𣿡
Ҷü˼Ƭ̣˵ʮڰɣںֵźֵܵͷԣǮڿֻǸ֣óϻ⡣
˵٣ҼֱԼĶ䣬һ͵ҶɣʮڰҲ᲻
Ҷӣ˵˵ʮڲǻң𡣡


329 
ʮǱ֣ҶɿжǮԼҲǮøģҲͬСӾǸţȻϻһƻǮĸµֻԽԽࡣ
˿ƽһ·ӿһ˫۾˸żĹʣͻȻҶɼһȭ˵СаǮǾͲֹװ֮ôˣĵƽ̨СǴɶųɹɷģʣһҵģǰͶˣǮתҡ
ҶЦ˵û⣬Լʱ䣬ȥаǮתˣɷҲҪ̫࣬˳ɰɣ㿴Ű졣
룬ͷ˵ҲãһɹɷǮλ̿ʼǵĴ⡣
ĪϪҶһۣϵĲ΢΢һͷ޷׾̸һʮͶʣֱ̫˼ˡ
ٻüɫˣ֪кܶǮͶҴòԼҵǼ¡
ĪϪֽһԱʼˣһ㣬һܽϺһƶơ
ϪôһϲŮתͷȥֻһĸƯŮ˿첽Ů˳ⶼʶ˾ͽ硣
ԴϴĪϪܺһֱϵΪܰĻʹ˾ͽĲҶѡ
ĪϪû˾ͽ磬ԹԼˣзȡӡһʱߣƿϰɣҬ֭ͺˡ
ҶҲ˾ͽ磬ֻ˸죬û뵽˾ͽ羹Ȼ첽˹һװ˱䣬ԼôʮͣӢͦΣ˹ϵͬһ㡣
˾ͽߵǰϴźƵЦݣ˵Ϫ̫ˡ
ĪϪ̧ͷһۣ˵Ҳûʲôõģƽƽӡ
˾ͽ˸ӣɫ΢΢һ䣬˵֪˵ʲôҲûãǼ治֪ھΣһֱ㵱Ǹġ
ĪϪ²ף̾˿˵ȥ˾ˣҲѣӦöġ֪ܵ˾ͽ޹أ֮Ѳڣܸһ˵ѡ
˾ͽϳݽҧ´Ĭ˰βŵ˵Ҷģһ˵Բ𡣡
ĪϪޱ˵鲻ĴҲ˵Բ𡣡
˾ͽԵİװüͷ΢šʵ磬Ȼ˼ҲϽĵǸǻ߰ɡ
˾ͽһĪϪ˵ϪҴѾɱˣֵҲûץ˵һԲ𡣡䣬ſ˵ĸ첲ĪϪһ
ĪϪȥ˵˵ˣҲΪ鵹θڡҲԭһЩԼɥİˣҲܽ˾ͽĵǸоֵǸ
˾ͽԵİװƺܲˬ˵Ҳ֪ͽ֮䷢ʲô飬ҵŮѣҾκܰί
ҶüͷվһԵķԱ˵鷳ټһˣ㣬ô
Ա˵Բûб㣬Ӻ̼㡣
Ҷɹһ۶Ц˵ӲһͻͻտҲãû˽ҲҶҪһݣϲ˰ɣ
˹ϼҪǸļһѿԸΪǵļһﲻѾ棬ǳ
Ŀһݣ˵ϼ¥ӭǣ뿪
뿪Ҷһ㵣һֿƵŶŲ˵¥ҿô
˵ͷ˵ûҾ¥ɾҼҿģﲻӭǡ
ĪϪתͷŶ˾ͽ磬˵øĻǴǳԲٷ԰ɣ
˾ͽƺ˼תͷȥ˵֮鲻ܡ
չס˾ͽ򣬵˵磬ҵŮˣڲκ۸㡣˵ʱվһԵķԱ˵Ͻоͱ⼸뿪
ĪϪվҧ˵鷳ˣߣĵζķҲûθڡ˵ǰٻΣο첽ſȥ
Ҷվһ۶ƲƲ˵Ƶطˮã类ˮ͡˵ֹҼ߳˾¥ţ˳ٳǰʻȥӸտףһ¡¡죬תͷһ۹ȥֻϼɽһ£ʯ


330 㲻
ʯХɽڳ£̼ɽϼ¥գ۹Ͱⴱûʵľ¥û¥ܱߵĵͬӴ٣˲䱻ʯӿʯžʯľɨһУԲ֮ھԱʯ
ҶɺĪϪĳӿʯǵķΧ˳һд˼룬Ҷһҧ˵ϴ绰֪ͨ͹ҹȥܾܲȳˡ
һס첲һ˵ճʯɽֻܻܿ£ڹȥΣա
ҶתͷһִۣӿڴͳһЩȫһ˵绰˳չСãҲܼȡ˵תһѸٳϼ¥ȥ
Χһļžཬʯѻĵ쳣УҶɸܼǰУһŵһŸߵļǰУвͻǰ˰׹⾰ǰм䱻񷿣ֻ¶ݶ¹˲öŲ˹ȥ
һ΢ĺУҶԱһķŲ˹ȥû뵽µཬͻȻ䣬˲ûϥǣҧҧżǰУִһ΢ĺȣѸķ򣬾һݶ·
Ҷߵǰķȥܿһӵϸ֮²ŷⶫһ¶ཬ⣬¹˲ö룬ֿסӱֻÿһ죬һļִ̌򿪹ţһСŮֵֻĴ۾
ţҴȥȫĵطҶɵοһ䣬ִӹﱧŮȫشȥ˼Դһͺƫͷȥֻǰһմཬͷ
ҵĽšסˡ
ʹжһˣַԵʯʼղŲӡ
ҶɸϽеŮ˹ȥ˵ĸ첲ܰཬϳֻܳŰִ̽ȥܿһӲ˫һƣȻƿһǽ档
ϣҵȰʹĺһƫȥѹϵȥ
Ҷǰˣ߹ȥŮѵĳǰȥѾʻһСӣǰǾȻ;мԮ˵ˣ¼˼ӿ첽ǰȥ
侯սʿ³ѸչԮжҶɰŮ˵˴˾ȻԣҽԱ̽ߣתȥæȴάֳľ
СҶǰ̫Σգ㻹ǻȥɣ
һϤҶתͷһŴվ
壬ȥæ滹Ųˡ
ҶɻŢǼУΪЩཬеǵǡ
Ŵ̾˿ҡҡͷ˵Ѿùˣģʣµɣ
Ҷһཬæµľǣ˵ͷ˵ҾȻȥˡڵѾҪЩʲôԸʯе
Ţߵǰͣĵط˲ûԶϳȥ˺Ҷϴ軻һװɩѾһζɿڵķˣֻһգȫûƷʳ顣
ԹĪϪٻ뿪ֻʣҶɺˣĬƬ̣ҵ˵ҶӣղҲ̫ˣҵСĸλ
Ҷ̾˿˵˵ǻøл㣬ҪǸϳȥֻ¶ʯˣеԤϣЩʯˣҲ֪Ҫ١
˵Ϫ˵㣬Ǹ˾ͽŮ˹
ҶҡҡͷνˣʱһҲɺ£û类ˣˣһȥתˡ
ǿһЦҲУţӽгһ٣ЩûǼһˣҲ֪Щʲô
ҶЦЦ˵֪绰ȥ£ԼļҷУǼһзһ׼Ϲ
Ĩһѣ˵Ҷӣ㣬Ҫʵش𡣡
Ҷһĵ˵ͷʣֻҪ֪һʵش𡣡ǴС浽ĺֵܣҲûʲô˵ġ
ҵʵҺܺ棬ǮǴģʮСĿÿװҲҪװϼ󳵡
ҶЦЦʯŶĴϷԭԭһ飬ֵֻ֮䲻ܸõȥ
Ƕδ²ɵö࿴ۣͻȻʵڶ£ô֪ᱻˮͣ
Ҷ죬˵Ҿһ˵ҲУֻµһʱ׷ɱҡ


331 
ŵӻĵҹ˯йڳǱʯѵıֻж̶ӣ˵еȹģɽ廬ºʯδ͸¶ھԮ׶ΣƲʧݣԭڵУڴȻֺǰ̫ûκο֮ʱֻĬĬܡ
ʱܿȥһݣҶÿ峿򿪵Թעһ³ǱʯѵҲ⣬Ҹ˵ʱϢԶ죬Ǹ漣ĵطܵõµѶҲ̲̻
ǱʯɽٶʮɥƲʧʮڣĵط½ɵϼ¥Ƶ꣬ѾӾƵҵٰʮʬ壬ƬϢʾƵڽһǸŮˣڵʮСʱ漣ƬϿǸ˵Ů˺˾ͽ硣
ǰ׸֮ҲⳡѣʹʧӵԸϸӣȻɵйҲ޷ýǮذӵʹļ׵ƴŶӵʬ뿪˱ƺȹȫר˴
Ҷɹϵԣ׼ȥһȦ͸͸¥죬пţ첽߹ȥ򿪷ţ϶¶һĨõЦݣŴٺɭ˽Ĵر׵ĴԲװʿѥָףŵʣҲһ
ţ˿첽˷ţŴеԲʱ£ЦҶӣûȤȥɽһˣ
ȻȤҼȥõ㶫
Ҷ˫էڿҹ̯Ŵ˵ڽɽһλ֣ǰ׼СȥƣȴڸԭʱһԣŴȻҪȥģֻҪһϣҪȡ
ŴָָǰЦ˵·˳ȥϡҶӦһץ𱳰һ¥
ӺҶװһԲʷϵ꽣һڲãȻ˫Ƥѥľذ˵СװŸͼƤէЩײ࣬ϸҲǱ߷ζ
ֱɽһ·˵ЦҲ֣Ŵ۵糸ԭҪһСʱ㶱ǰС룬ͷ𣬳Ѿͣɽ£ŴҲǵһ֮ǰ׼
ĴɽСũԺװ̽ɽɽɽܵθӣɽдƬõԭʼɭ֣ݷУЩɽֵĺצӶˣɽоеߴﾭֲܿԻأҲҪСġ
ŴһŵͼעＸˮԴλãľ飬ɽеĹϲˮԴԽݣ˳һˮԴҹȥҪǰθע⣬˸ա
ɭŴҰĸ֣ҶǰʱûܣûйɽҹľŴ˵ҪҰӪ붼˷ܡ
ţŴͻȻǰִһԼ˸֦ǰ˹ȥֻһ죬ǰҶĵϵһԼУ֦˲䱻гΡ
ɭָָ̧ǰ˵ǿǱߵˣϿ϶ס
ҶѭָķȥȻ˩һӣ첽߹ȥһֻúһǰĵϵһŶӣж߹ܶԼҲѶŶֻܹԹΪϵʳ
ŴǰγһɽԼն˼˦һԣҶҲγ鵶жյĶ£ŴȥӵѶ˸ϡã˻ӻЦģҲʹһػԱЩ͵ԵļһɺޣҪǱһݺһ١
Ҷɵ˵ֻҪҰӾٲЩ·ʱҪһСĲС
Ŵ˻еĿɽЦе˵ֻҪײжپ͸Ū٣˵ܼ񵽼ֻҰ
ҶɿЦ˵ʲôģҪҰȥѦֲܹ
ŴյʣڨЦ˵£ǰҲûЩ壬κˣˣߡ˵ͳͼ˿˳ǰȥ
СʱһɽСϪԣɭֲ˼˲µ壬ˮԴĵطһޣֵطջ϶Ҫǿࡣ
Ŵ̧һָСϪ治ԶһϾɲľͷӣ˵ǰλ߾סľͷڿѾ͵ռˣ㿴Ա߻żŶƤ
Ҷɵ˵ס˭ҪȥƣҲҵһ
磡һǹ˵̸ͬʱתͷȥֻ߳ˣΪ׵ļһʨǺ⣬ϻһ֧˫ǹ


332 ë·
˶һϻǹֹһ֧ǹ϶北䶼Ե˼⨺Ұӡèһ˵ϹһֻݵĻҺףɼɽҰƷַ࣬Ҳ͵Ƶ԰
֧ͬʱ׼ˣΪ׵ĺӶ˫ǹߵŴǰվǹڳСϪƫƫ˵ǼСӻǵĶɣ
Ŵһĵ˵ͷ˵ǵģ͵ǲԵġ
ǹĺƺĻˣͷһЦ掠ҲŴЦֹһͺӴЦ˵磬˵⼸ɵƸòʲôﱣЭİɣ
Ϊ׵ĺЦͣȻŴѾͷЦĵǰņ̀߶Ŵţ˵ӲʲôЭģǵĶҪ⣬ͰɣڴжƱȫͳƣϵֱҲժ
͵ɽׯĴ񣬶һǱֵܣΪ׵ĺӴºŴëǰΣǰͷţϰؼżֵ͵ԵĶ£ǼѾɽ켣˺ܳһʱ䣬ɱĶʤԭɽͷϻм͵ŻŪòɽǼǹãֶֺݣٲȻɽһԡ
Ŵ̧һۣһϧ˵ֱܹģֵһٶأ
ë˫һ˵ͺãժøơϰٵֱⱲṵ̂⡣
ͺӲΪȻ˵磬Ϲ߶BʲôЭľǸʳģʰһ˵
ŴٺЦ˵˵ɽ˵ģǰסСϪľ
ëɫһݣϵĺҳ鴤˼£ʵϹӻˣǸˮˮǿǴȥ
Ŵ˫΢У˵ô˵֪Ϲͷס￩ܺãǳáһáֻתѸٿסǹһְǹ˹ȴëκηӦһĿӴϡ
ԹԱ𶯣ֻҪһھж㲱ϵĴѪŹʮ߾ͻģʮͻȫʧȥ֪÷ɻȥҽԺҲȲˡ
Ŵٵƽƽòɱ˵Ĺ̾ȷ룬רҵ̶˲
掠ļһһתǹŴѾƵ˴ë΢ֻ¶һֻյƣ掠ļһһͣ沈ͬǹе۶ȥһɰ˭Ҳûڲ˴ë´Сӡ
һĹҶɶˣһӰϢˣһڹٿȻֻ֣ϵͬʱһᣬͷȥ¶һִƵı飬϶˵Ѿߣֻʣ¸ͺͺľϡ
أͺӹʹĿ۶˰ˣȷе˵ӦǱˣĻǼɰɢɽǹը˸Ѫģ
ϣҵιͺѪ̱ܵڵϣ˸ʮָȫһըȥһ룬ⱲӶԵ
ʣµϽеİ北һֵǰˣһѽһѺⲻܴǸǶȿͫס
ͷŵϵҰ
Ҷת׼һҰˣһѾŵɫҰףȲͣ£˰Ҳò˵ҷţϷš
ŴӴë˳Ц˵ֵܣҷִǸĴСӾǸͷġ
ҶɵһЦҲģҪǰǹ±Ȼһ£
Ŵû˵ȻһŪˣСӴĸأ
Ұ˽⿪˩Һ׵ӣֻҺһ³գһҰͻȻµȾܣûܳһС׼ȷСȣʹֽһ˵ڵء
ɭޱվԭأһСָ׷죬ûϵССϵһģһ
ëɵˣ֪Լɷǣò˵ļһǸϹһ·ģǻϹΨһİ취ǹԹˡ
λүСϹۣ͵СǸƨСһأСаʮиѧޣ˸ͷϴ
ë˵Ĺһڵл죬ϥһͨ£˲ϻһҪŴټʱֻ̧֣ϡͿ˶
Ŵ˫΢У̧ϵĵƬ£˴죬˵һҲǲУȥǸʲôϹӣҪǸʲôָֺڣɽĺһˡ


333 ¶
̤ЬٴȫѹŴɽûҵ˾Ȼ͵ҵе㲻ƽ⣬תһȻˣԼÿɽֻǴҴҹͣЩ켣ﲶɱļһûпɱԡ
ëһۼıֵܣҧŴ˸ͷ˵үҸһŹ⼸ֵܣҴλȥϹӡ
Ŵ̧õһǣ˵УǼû⣬ʵ·С
УСʹλүȥ
ëͷ絷⣬ͷվŴߣ˼Ҳǰ׶׵ģһƤĥµӲϼ룬ǿ۵ĵǰѾġ
ŴҲ͵ˣҶɰ˰˵һˣķ˰ɡ
ҶǰӽϰҰӣֻ⨺һֻèػɣְѽջУ˵»ҪٸҴͲǿϼ֧ôˣɣ
͵˿ǰ̧Ѹ뿪Ⱥ˲һ˷͵ԣںܳһʱڻ
ɭһ۵ϵҰʣµĶЩҰҰãתͷŴ˵٣㿴ЩҰˣʰһǳһߡ
ϵûԹʲôۿ͵磬Ҫҵ㶫ӲС
ŴЦ˵ˮȥֻҰʰ˺úóһ٣˴·ģҲط
ɭӦһǰֻҰֻҰСϪϴɾҶɱɲһ𣬰ʰõҰζľ˸ڻϿţһṤƮŨ㡣
ΧŻ£ŴվһԵĴëֵҲ˳ǽϹӵ顣
ëŻϵҰζ˿ĭϹӵ顣
ϹԭϹһֻ۾ǿԿģ͵ɽǰ;סɽϣû֪֣˫ȫϹ֮ǰɽû˸͵ԣϹмַ˼Ĺϴ֦ңһʯӾܰñףǰвɽʳ͵߶ϳԹͷɽϵ飬Ӱȥ١
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ëĽŴ˵ףֻҪҵϹӾܰѺֵǰףöˣϣɺֵܵС
ҶЩʧë˵λĹϹ˫ۣ޷ϣ״̬ǲΪСȵģ˱׼͵
Ŵַת´ҰζĹӣʵ˵ϹڻסˮԴô
ëҡҡͷ˵סɽһɽǵطǰǸѣ涬ůһӣˮȫԱϣһ㶼ǰҰζɽſڣëȥһΣɽ˵ģëǸղըֵǸͺ
ɭӱȡҰζ棬һСһȵݸҶɣЦ˵˰ɣȳ
ҶҧһȣĴָ޵óԣζüˡֻͷȣɭҰмңӵļһġ
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Ҷɺܿһȣ˺һҧù죬һԵĴë˴ֻĵ˼ĭ
Ŵһⶪë˵Լ֣Ա˲·
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ԼСʱëͣ½Ųһָ˵ƣϹסɽڶ±£ǿᲱӴûУھ棬עߵҲҲ
Ŵӿ첽ߵԣĿȥֻһƬǳҲ֪ǸϹڲ棬ͷ΢΢һԶڴ˸֣˵ŴǷڵѣжͻʦš
һɼžˣŴ׼ٺһĵڣһɳƵС
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334 
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ҶɵͷӰȡһ֧ǿֵͲվŴԣ˵ǰ棬Ҹš
Ŵ̧߽ɽڰ֮ڽȥݵ˲ߣ߽ȥԼʮǰһһڣͣ½Ų֪ѡһڽȥ

еƴ˲˶ǴұߵĶڴΪʲôȴǽߵĶڣ
Ŵԥ룬һҧ̳Ӵ߽߶ڣҶɴֵͲ󣬿粽߽ʮԶǰɫȻʣһɽͻСȣл̣ɽȪʯͷɵСӣһλͷڸϴһͣһϸߣǰиɽȪˮɵСˮ̶Ҳ֪ʲô
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Ŵһ˵ڸֵܣµĶҴû
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Ŵ˵ͷѴ̳ݸһԵҶɣԼСƤͳƵƤӺһпСдĺȻǡаٱ䡷͡컨꡷пʶǰÿִ񶼻ѱſ־Ͳ֪ˡ
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336 Ȫιʳ
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վڳرԥ˼룬ҲѧŴٵźƷȪأˮȼˮ¸ոպãرߵλûһſɵڸߵ͵λλڵˮպõڳеȷһĪܡ
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337 ֮սϣ
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338 ֮ս£
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ͷԷȣҲʹӦ˫ǩ˺ͬŷһ飬ԭѾ˽չλСɶгֲٷ֮ʮĹɷݣֻҪټϰٷ֮ʮܳΪֲĴɶʱ˦ϰɨسֻǳ⡣
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339 ţ
޵ֺغХ쭷磬ԿŵٶǰɳۣҶ˫۶ǰ·棬ֻʱ͸оԺһѣΣϽͷתŴʱŴٴһּ״̬ڶڶڶüëڶƺÿһ缡ⶼѭĳĽද복֮ĳϡ
ǳ˶泵ЩѾҪŴٿڸĶʱ򶯣һܡ
ܹܣȴѽȻɽ·жʮʱϰٹĶԺ̣ܶ˵䲻ģûȾѾֳʤ
ǰһʻ˳βһ˦ס˵ڶλףֻҪǰһֱյıֱ
ŴһȣͲͷת׳ƫ֮ȥſ˲߼ȥɰβѾһλ
ǰû谭ٶ˲˼£ʸƿհյ㣬Ŀƴֱ׷ʼһλ
յĲʴŴǰ׼ٻͣ£ͷһʴӭƮתͷһۣժͷ
ʤҲʤˣһʤĲǳе·꣬ʤŴʤˣӮһܳҲҵһĶ֣ϧѾ̫ྫϣǰһƬء
ţҪȥ͸ˡ
Ҷժͷóɧﰵַ˸ݣԺҲŴһˣСֻһڡ
ŴٺһЦ򿪳ţҶɵһʱ˳治Զͣżܳҫɵվһܳԣϻһƿģ׼Ϊʤףֻϧʤ߲λ
յ˸ղŵΣֻ˵ɳһʱ嵽Ŵǰչ˫۾һֵܱÿ˻
治Ǹǵģս޲ʤ
ɳƨĹһֻƽʱҵĵĶѡ
Ŵ˫ۣһõ˵ϰ߯СҲ֪Ūƿʲôĸףһ¡
ɳ̧Լͷϣ˵ұȥ缸ȸʹ졣
ŴΪȻЦЦҲˣɡ
ɳ̻վڲԶһλ˶װ˸ƣ˵ɵʲô
˶װϳɤӴŴԾµһμӱĳǶյһݷһڶ⡣
ɳصֲϢ˱ٱʱŴٰһаٱؼҶɣ¼˼ھһֵԼд裬ͨޡ
Ŵÿ϶׼ʱŴٰż湦ȫ̸ֵܣҶҲޱİ̸˴磬ȴŻ֮ͬдϰ
书еаٱһΪһľṦаƳǧṦټаٱ䲽ҶɶṦرƫѥʹаٱ书Ч
ŴǸգϺûǮרŶ˱ܣ־ɵıһӦȫΪ˶ýǮʮѲʲͬĳ컨湦һŶⰵַΪʶʮһС𽺼ˣϱ׼СѨλͬʱ˰ϼһֿװڷŸߣר˸ʳ
Ŵټÿ춼书ҶɷѧһʱͻϢңʲһӦȫһСȥĪҲ˯
֪ʱֹȥ࣬ŴоԼѾȫϹʦھҲһ⣬ڸֵдʱӮ٣߾ȫżӮһҲоС̫ɣܻСǲǹԼ
ʵҶҲͬ⣬ǰŴдʱܴú죬໥ѧϰ˶Է书ԽԽԶˣտʼһֱΪǿֵĹϵڸдʱ٣ַָܿô¶ڹҲԶдʱѹҲ״Ϊ˲ôʧֻżϼҪòۼҲס
ֵһĩҶɸշѧͽӵһ绰绰ѦɴģЩ٣ϸȥֲһˣǿţ˵⣬ĵȼ̸
Ҷϵֲ಻ֲڴľɫ̨ͤ¥Ѿ߳ΣӾŽ¼ѦѾ¶ͷ棬׷Ե⣬Ҳδһ¡
հѳͣãѦɾܹ˳ţһ˵ˣȰȰţӣǼһ˼ңҪȥ׹


340 Тţ
ҶɺƣţִҪ뿪ȥ׹治СѧûҵôͻȻȥͷѦ˵ţ˳ԳȣģȰ˺üҲû취ţӵ˽⣬һʲôԭ
Ѧ磬ţôͻȻȥ׹ͷڵ绰˵˼ңľҽһ顣
Ѧ̾˿˵Ҷӣ㻹ǵǸʶǻҴţȥ̨׹ô
Ҷüһ£ͷ˵ǵãʱ̨㻹һǧ𣬶԰ɣ
ѦһȻ˵ǵģʱ˹ع˾Ǹмס˹ľ˵մ򻵵Ļһֱû˹ǮҲˣҲû⵵飬ɾǰ׹ҵң˵Ҫղ⵵顭
ǰ˹ع˾ԱѦϵ˵Ҫջ̨Ȼ˼ҵ⳥ӦðѻѦɵʱҲûʲô˲ŵĲֿ⣬ţΪȻҲԡ
˹ع˾˼һ²Ѧм뿪¿ţ飬ԭΪ׹˻ͻ뿪û뵽˳˵ʱţĴһ̨Ǳһȭ򻵣˵ʱƨʾݣһҪԷ
ţԳԷĵֿǸֵرλ׹ӣ˼ϵεľƵ걥һ٣׹˶ҸֽţԷҲ֪ǸţӹʲôԻһҪǹȥ׹̬ȷǳʲôԭѦҲ
ҶɴľһѦɼ˵Ѧ磬ţ
Ѧɵͷ˵˵ǹˣҲûãֻҲû˽ӣҵŴ绰㡣
Ҷüͷӿڴͳֻͨҵĵ绰ƽʱţߵʲôţҲ
绰ͨͲдҼٵҶӣţǼһﲻ֪ʲôҩҪȥ׹˵ʲôֻҪȥ˾׬Ǯܸβܰ·ӣͷţҸǮҲҪǵԼ׬
Ҷɳʵţӵ赽׵ʲôôûСӸ
ҳĬ룬˵Ѫ֢ǣţӼĻȥǮ˻ҽԺǸƭˣһúܣôҲϸǿڽǮǵȥ׹˵ѴӦֻҪȥ׹ܻһݸнһ׬𣬶ҿԤʣСҪȥ׹ˡ
Ҷɳʵӣ۸ֵܣûа׳Եͣ׹нţӹȥһ⣬ңǺ
ҵ˵ղŸҴ绰ǻҽԺҽԺȾƲڲûУ˵ĻƱ׹Ҳ׹вף׼ȥҽԺ˳ȰȰţӡ
Ҷҧҧ˵ţҲȥҽԺȰѶϿǮˣûŪ׹֮ǰҲǺ뿪
Ѧһ̾˿˵治֪ţӸĸ˰Ѫ֢ʱæûڵģѺܶ鶼ˣߣھȥҽԺ
ãȥҽԺҶɹϵ绰ȥѦɽ˳ϸҽԺ
ҽԺȾƼӻڣͦĿţŲмϣһֻ֣һֻϵİƣۿˮ
ﰡҾҪȥ׹ˣ֮ǰһǰҽҩȫ꣬һǮҺֵܺӣңǳԺ˾͸ۼҸǸ·ӣǮҲģָƭˡ
ţӣΪɶҪȥ׹ɱɵ°
ţǸʵͽºӣϰ黼һֱ򹤵Ķӣڶ֪ڴ򹤲ףڳϢˣ׬˺ܶǮڸ·ӣƫƫڹһ벡һɱĻ˽Ÿβͷƭ˶ӴǮڵʱˣ־ԲסӣֻӲͷƤ˵£ӲͽҽԺ
˵Ҫȥ׹ھ֮Ķǵġ
ţͷİˮڼϣƽʱϡҲ˲ˣϵԼޱӡ
ˣӳˣ׬ǮˣⲡһκãҪסոµĴ¥
ţֵ֪ҶɺǮȥ˽ǮҪƾԼı׬ǮβöסõĴӣֻҪȥ׹һжʵ֡
ˣͻȻ죬ү̸


341 Դ
ţ߹ȥ˷ţֻſڲվ𷢱۵ˣʶ׹ѣ߾Ľķ˹ұߵĴͷдά˹˵ֶ˹֣Ѱ˼˺ܿǱֵܣֿڵýԺȥ׹Щ϶Ҫܶ๤
ţţղѾ㸸ĸҽҩѽˣһٰʮԤҽҩѵվݣúá
ķ˹ֵݹһƤ䣬ѹһվݣղѾһԸţĸһٶʮ򻪱ҵƷѣɹλƺܳһʱ䣬Ѫ֢һֺܷǮĲ֢˻ѰƲࡣ
ţӹӣվݿһ۴˿ڴһм˵ллǣҵ׹һúù
ķ˹ϴźƵЦ˵ܺãֻҪŬ˾һģʱһ׬ٱĳƱ׬Ķ𡣡
ţͷ˵ûа׳ԵͣȻ˹˾ǮҪ˾£һǶģ˱ȽϱܳԿ࣬Ŀѧ
ķ˹ЦЦĻ˵ģ˹ع˾Ĺܼ򵥣һܹʤԼĹ
ţеƤ˵ԸɣǮѾˣڹҲûʶңʲôҶûʲôܸɻҳԱС
ķ˹Ц˵˹ع˾ϲģһȭ򻵲Ѿﵽ˹˾¼ȡ׼ǰʱ乫˾˵С״ǹ˾һԱˡ
ţЦ˵ллȥٵȵȣҪһѣܿˡ
ά˹üͷ˵㣬Ǻæġ
ţͷЦʵ׹æţ˱æɶˣСӸòæҹɣ
ά˹˵ò֪ҹʲô˼һĵͷ˵ԣǾȥҹƯĹ㲻Ҫǵʱ䡣
ţٺЦѹ˵Уȥҹ¶ҾͲŲˣҵɶҪδϱһ䣬ҹأСȾʲôëҪȸȸŶ
ǰѦɾְصЦҹЦǰѦ٩ģѧλ׹ϡ
ά˹һĨ˲ţ˵һûδǲҪʲôϱġ
˵һͱԵķ˹ֹЦŶԿţ˵˵ˣǲȥҹȥһ̵꣬¼ǵǾͺãټ˵ֹϷţԵĴά˹һ뿪
ţеƤתתֱ죬վԭСֹһת˷ţϵıʱһſվ˫۷ҶɺһɫѦɡ
ҶһۿţеƤ䣬ͻȻֺݺݵһȭСӻ뵰ӲΪɶҡ
ˣһȭڿţϣֱӺ
뵰Сûҵֵܣ
ˣһȭпţؿڣһȭأ޵ؿһƣеƤžһڵϡ
Ϊ˼Ǯȥ׹˼׹ҪƬզ죿
ˣһȭţһʹڵأؿһ㵵ҶɣСͶλ־ηΪ֪ĴãҲΪҴæԸԼķʽ⣬ȭʹ죬Լˡ
Ҷһ嵽ǰһסţȭͷһҪңҪͷţ
СɰҼţӣˡ
һӲҶȭͷȻһɣݺ˿ţһѣӵķϸڲ㣬ٴȼ£ʱ
ţʹֱͷҿҶɵ۾Ϊ˸βѡһΪԵķʽ⣬û뵽һᡣ
ҡ׬Ǯ
ţһ䣬ֻ۾ŵϵƤ䣬ƤǮҶɶԻ΢˵ҪⱲ׬һǮǮܸıܶ顣
Ҷɿ첽ߵţԣͽȻ̧һģ˵Сӱſϵӣҹ
Ŷţʹѵļ򣬵ͷҶһ˲ǰ
ţһ۰ŶӣòŰĿתҶɣʵСɰΪɶҪҼţӣ˵ʵ
Ҷ̾˿˵壬Ҳţȥ׹βǮУǸ֪׹нȥʲôȥ׹Դġ
ԴţƵ¶һĨĵǣ֪Т˳ԸӳԴ³ԴǼص顣
ţͷ˵ҶϹ˵ȥ׹Ǹ
ƨ˼ܸ㼸򣿵ûղ׹˵Ҷˣ


342 ƾͼ
׻˵֪ĪţӵСӳûܳԷҲ㳤պƾòϰĹǮ׹޶˶ϰýֺͷ뵽йŹ֣ƫƫɵ벻ھ㲡ҲԸӳԴ
ţϵõͷҲоͷ̫ף׬Ǯ˭Ԥ൱ǧ򻪱ңھҲ벻ͨΪʲô׹лѡԼ
ӣģǮ۲ҪһиôҸҲϲ۰
ţ¶ΪǮԿкˮĵȰ
ţͷҧŴĬ˰β˵Ҷӣ֪ǶΪҺãҴͰǮˣѾҽҩѡǸТӣƽʱǮͻĻؼϸûʣ࣬סԺǰһɷ˹ʣ̶̼Ѿֻʣ²ʮԪ
Ҷ̧һƣû˵˶٣㡣
ţ̧ͷӿڴͳվҧҧݸҶɣ˵ҶӣǮǷģ׬Ǯһ
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Ҷһ΢Ц˵Уھ취Ǯ
Ѧǰ˵ˣҼﻹмʮԵȻᣬھͽ
Ҷһ˼ͷ˵Ǿ鷳ѦˣһҪ֪Ҫնʮ𲢲ףֳɵȻá
Ѧߵͳֻͨһ绰Ը˼ҶϣתҶɴ˸OKơ
ˡٶȱ죬վһԵѦ˳ִţֻһ˻𼱻ǵĳ˽һܵ˲ԣ˵Ҷӣ׹⣬ղŽҸǣ˵ҪţӴȥʲôʵ壬Ҿ͸Ͻܻ֪ͨǡ
ҶҽԺ·ңһ˸ȾƲѦһ۾Ϳ˹ع˾׹վһ䲡ſڸĿţ˵ʲô
ҶɵĽ˶㵽һһ£׹Ҹ𷢱۵ļһװ·˵ЩʲôѦȽסţҲţӸ׹뿪˷ֹȻյ벻Ч
Ҽ׹뿪̳˵µһ¥һһ߳ҽԺȥһ·϶̸ſţ顣
ֱƺЩԵľ˵ɶ񣬵쵽ʵһڸղ˵һС
һһۣ˵⣬㲻Ҫƽ˵ģοҲ֪ĶΪȾгģʵǻǰһܳκ⣬Ҫ֪Ƿǳġ
˵ٺܿ죬װ·ģ䣬Ͻܻ֪ͨҶɣ˵̸пƶϳ˵ʵǿţһ˵ĻŭֱУһȥ׹϶ܵǳĳͷ
Ҷü˿ţһۣʵղ϶ֱļһﷸɾëˣں㵽׸˵Щʲô
ţվԭش˰ӹ⾰ͻȻٺɵЦЦӲİյҶɶСֹ˼䡣
ҶһͣЦţҲ̲סŴЦԭЩŵնʱЦӰ١
Ц˺һ˲ͣҶԺѾһƻҪƾͼƣĲ׹ÿţȥ׹ʲôǸ۲˹ع˾󵽵Щʲô
Ϊ˲ÿţ赣ģҶɿ˽г˲˸Ƨ˵ĽԼļƻ˽һ顣
ƻ˵Ҳ򵥣ÿţƾͼƸ׹ȡϵסԷǻɣȻһ·ҵǵŵ㣬ȻҶɳְ׹סõֶδǿʳеĿġ
ţѦ̱ʾͬ⣬Ҳһ㣬ҶڶץʱܲҪ¶Ҫ鷳
ģҸɴһö˻ɵͷϡҶ΢΢һЦִȡһǰһΡ
һڹİߣֻҪܸͷ棬֪ߺһ
˷زţ𣬳˲̰ƻ¡ţϵ׹ˣҶɽŶңҺѦɶףǿԿԶԶŸӦ
ţܿϵķ˹ԼҽԺſڼ棬ƻܷɹĵһǿţӵݼ


343 Ķƽ
ţվҽԺſڵӹ⾰ЩסˣҶڵλãʱ̧ͷӣ춯¡
ҶҽԺŶԽֵһҰǰڵİӸճζ·Ʈ˽ֶĿţǿһĭڲܶΪ׹оվţ治Զıͤ˫̵ŲԶţӡ
ţ̲סˣӿڴͳһųƱ첽߹ֵǰеĳƱǰһ죬˵ϰ壬ʮһʮԪƱɰϹӣԪ
ϰüһۣ˵ʮҪʮ
ţЦ˵ֻã˸ˡ
ϰ巭˸ۣ˵С⣬Ųˣ˵Ҳʶ㡭
øҸˡһŰԪ쵽ϰǰҶûԵĿţһۣ˵С˰ӹȥվţһͶڱͤ϶㡣
ţʶҪתͷȥҶɵͺȵͷ¶ڴͲøˡ
˵ĶԻϰ¶һĨı飬ҶɸϽִӿڴͳһ֤ڳƱ·˵참ӾС
ϰ¶һĨȵı飬æôϴװʮڵݸ˿ţǮʱָƲס
ţŰֺǺǵĻصҽԺſڣһ߿ŰӣһϻһĨеı飬׹˴ӱͤ߳ʱٺһЦ˳˹ȥְװӵϴ˹ȥЦ˵Ըӣζ治
ά˹¶һ˿Ĳм˵ϲͶԼͳԲˡ
ţһƫͷʵΪɶԲˣ׹ûô
ķ˹Ц˵׹а̵ģֻ빫˾ȽԶ˵ˣô
ţЦŵ˵ͷ˵ˣ׼ȥʰϴ·һٸһȥ
ķ˹ҡҡͷ·ͲȥˣҰ㰲žƵ꣬ȵ׹һõ·
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ķ˹صЦЦ֪ˣ˹ع˾ϰͨƵ棬Һúýһ¡˵ԵĴά˹˸ɫƺʲô׼
ά˹ӿڴͳֻͨһ룬˵ڿԹˡ䡣ӶԽֹսǴʻһɫŴ򿪣Ѹϳǰ
СʱȥͣһƵǰ³ֱӽ˾Ƶ꣬ǽƵ󲻾ãһüճͣ˾ƵſڣҶ˳̧ͷһ۾ƵϷļ֣̽̾Ƶ꣬žƵ겣濴һۣûмţ׹Ѿ˷䡣
Ѧͣ˳ͬһ˹˵̾Ƶ꣬ǰΪҲӴˣһߵյվסĿ˿ܵһرķֻҪѵǻʱǰ̨ǻʱ䣬ھƵſڳؿʿֱȥ
Ҷɵͷ˵Ҽǵ׹е֣ӦÿԴǰ̨鵽סķ䣬пܵĻǾڸڿ䣬¡
Ѧ˵̾Ƶܲͬһ¥ԣҪڵķֻеѡ
ҶɵЦ˵ԿɣԵȻᣬȥǵķš˵첽߽˾Ƶţڴļһˣè侯½ƣɾվǰ̨žƵţڸǰ̨ķԱѯʲô
Ҷվԭԥ룬ͷӿŲߵ½ԣ˵½٣ϲְˡ½Ƶļ϶һĽǻèѾ˾ˡ
½תͷϵıȻһͣűüվԭشҶɼ룬һƽһļʵ㻹ôȻסЩ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʵҺܺãڲ鰸ôԴӷ˾ɲֿǼº֮ĹϵѾ΢ĸı䡣
ţһڵ԰˵ﱻҺλͬʱ顣½ش⣬һת˵ʵ㱻ץҸž˵˵ʱҲ˵ԸΪ֤ž˵漰һܣҲҪܡ˵ۿ΢΢죬ˮڿ
ҶڨڨһЦⲻûôˣÿ԰Ҹæ


344 ؿϰ
½ѾΪ̾ӳʱΪԼץҶɣҹλأȻ£ֹһҵžֳѯҶɵɶԷԡ漰һܣѾڱѣɵûеְȨȥ飬ΪֱһĲ
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ܰʲô
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Ҷ˳ּ¼˺룬Ц˵Ǿ¸ĩɣط㶨ȥ£ˡ˵첽ߵݿתͷŷһۣѦɺҿ첽߽˾Ƶš
ңţɵվһ̨ʼǱԸǰⲻƬƣֻƲ£סɲһ˫ţ۽ĻϵĹͷϻջǵģﰵ۾飬ƵҪĨ㣬ζ̫ˣҶ˵ûǸٶǮҲȥ׹ȥ
Ļһ𷢱۵ĹͷС˷̹ܵ⣬һĴſţ׳壬˰üͷĻ˵תȥϸı
ţһ𣬵ͷ˵Ҷûʲôÿģ˿ƨһẦߵġ
վķ˹һ˵ҪõߵĹʾϰûʱ㿪Ц
ţ˵Ҳϰ߱˿׹ĹɸҪ˰ǹ˿бҪô
ķ˹˵ȻбҪ֪ûдȾ˹ع˾Ҫ׳ԱҶˣһҲûϵ
ţһεĻת֪ԼиСë빵泤˺ںľëںܺڴӦҶʲôӦڶ˶Ưˡ
ܺãǳãҷǳ⣬Ҵ˹ع˾ӭ룬һΪĺӣԴ·ˡ
ĻĹͷͻȻЦһЦһḧǰĻ·ڴſţ׳塣
ţǺѸٴ¿㣬ά˹һģ˵Գȥˣķ˹Ҫϰ㱨
ţظ˿תͷŹͷʵϰ壬ÿܸҶٹʣ
ĻĹͷЦ˵֤ܶ࣬һ꣬ȥɣҸķ˹̸̸
ţҧҧ˵ֻҪ׬Ǯһȥˣţҳȥӡ˵̧߳˷ţά˹󣬳ȥŹϡ
û֪ķ˹ϰڷ̸ЩʲôʱȥСʱͻȻţŶӴһ˵ϣ˫۷׿°ĭһ֪˼֢
ˣά˹һ䣬첽ߵţԣͷ̽̽嵽ǰ̧ŷŴ쿪ţʵˡ
ͻȻ򿪣ķ˹һ۾ͿţڵϣӲòᣬ̳ǰ׼ȡȴʩ
ˣ̨һˣһߵˣһ̨˲䷭ңӯѸݺһֻʳèһ̶ĹֽС


345 ֻսʿ
ߵ˾Ҷɣùֽĵһתͷһ̨ʼǱԣĻһͺСͷһ˫Լ΢΢⶯˼ƺҪС
Ҷһ嵽ǰֿ̧ĻתߣѾһƻбķ˹һƿף͹ϣҵķ˹벻˻͵ϮԺʱѾˣƺһװĲ˵
һ֣ιһлݺͻά˹ǰأҶûοڸʩչðΪʡ
ά˹˳ʱзû뵽ķ˹ᱻԷ˲ȵ˲˵ֻüͺһ
Ҷƽʵʵӡţľһ˳ǰͳһ졣
ά˹Ӳһƣһŭһ̧Ҷؿڣ֮ľȭͷţȴܷӳ
ҶɲŲܣŴά˹ϥ䣬ҪսپӲӲõİ취
ά˹ǵһģûĸ֣ǰ·ǺУԴԷԼӲƴͷһϲ¼˼ǰȥ
Ҷһдά˹ϥǣһܸ죬ԷϥǷ·ûаʹһŽʵʵؿڣߵõɳȥףײǽϡ
ҶֻؿںƱشУʹ˫Ÿشά˹һŭȳǰ˫ȭƷְ㽻š
ˡҶɱȭҧðƶԵУȭ˺һдά˹ļһƤ񣬰죬һ·֪ʹֻ˵ͷȭ͹ڵط̫խвͻᰤһȭʹͷҪѿƵģȥǰ취
ά˹Ŀ¶׹⣬ͳȵǴ̣ȭǽλͻȻ׶μ̣˫ȭһͺҶؿڣȭ׶ιǴɰ׹⡣
ҶĿһݣ»˿ߣܹһҪĿȭɳά˹ȭ˶ͻȻһȭʧǰһˣۣյȭͷݺݵ˺ʵɳϣȭϵĹǴ˽ȥ
һά˹תͷţȭͷվԼ󣬸ղžûԼһȭ
δ䣬վɳϵҶһȣά˹ž꣡һ죬Ƶݺ׳Ĳ˫һԵɳϡ
ҶɳһڴժߣƱõѪ˿ɳ˿ţһ۳˵СӱţƤ˰ƤȥҼӣԽʵԽá˵ִӴά˹ƤŤת˫
Լôʮӹ⾰׹бգֽųƤס⻹˼Ȧ˿󷨾һͷţҲ
ţ֣һŵҶʵҶӣ㲻ᱻץɣղǻῴ¥м졣
С۾ƺˣһ𣿡Ҷһָָۣά˹ȭϵ׶ιǴ̣ϳ鵶һ¡
鵶ɻϣ¶һƤɫˢˢһ䣬ά˹ؿڵƤһƬҰףԳһݺύ·ȥڹ긹һ㣬õᴥȻ̲ѪһӲס
ˣţ˿ĭ߹˺ά˹¿㣬ͷȫһ״ӲǣҲ⣬һЩȸС
Ҷɰ鵶Уͳֻͨһ롣
绰ͨͲдһͳҶɣ𣿡
Ҷɵ˵ڱ׹УһһӲڹǣȭͷĹǴ̣ʲô˹ع˾˱Ҵסˣ˵ô
˹ع˾˶٣ͻȻ˵ץס˱ֻսʿң
Ҷɱ߷ֱöĤ飬æѻͲӶƿߣ˵ڱ̾Ƶ꣬ͷ㻹ûشҵأ绰Ǵεģֻнܵ˹Ϊǡ
ˣԶˣһϸϹֻսʿ̸ҵƵдɣȰŪﶳסһҪ¶趨£ЩһڹģֻҪ¶Ƚ;ͻʧȥж
绰ͷ˷ܵЦһٵĽŲһڿٱܡҶɻʼ䣬绰ѾҶϣתͷһԷĿţ˵ɵţҰһȥ


346 ٳζ
ţ󣬰׹аᵽ治ɫĲҶ˾Ƶ꾭ڳ䣬ѼȷһԣԲѵ׹з˽ȥ¶ֱӴȣͨȥöþͻʱɱ
Ƶ꾭Ҷ˵ʲôλⲿŵ֤̾ӳ֤˵ﲻ𣬾ɱװʬҲֻܹԹϡ
½ƺƣôҲ벻Ҷ¥СʱͰ׹ˣһ˶˱䣬֪׹ڰʱкŽﶳıɱ޿κΡ
ͷȥҶɴ򿪱俴һΣ׹ͷüë϶һ˪һӲĺʬ壬Ҳڷֹͷ˵һҪһŽﶳţò˻ɣ
˼⣬ſڴһ󼱴ٵĽŲһӾװ˽첽ߵԣִ򿪱ϸһ׹˵壬¶һĨ˷ܵЦݣϱǶһԵҶ˸Ĵָ
ڱЩ飬̧ߡ
һ£װǰִƵ꾭̽飬ȫ˱װ̧˾Ƶ꣬ר˸ƺˡ
ֱҶɳ˾Ƶ꣬ſһţʶȤûиȥ¥ϸѦһϣʵżɻҲֻеҶʸס
ɻҶ̲סʵͷҶˣ˵˵ֻսʿʲô
Ц˵ֻսʿˣǶ
ֻսʿˣ˵һȺӵˣ죬ⲿӵ˳˵е˿ԿƵܣеƤ˲Ҳеӵǿޱȵе˿˲ı沿֯ṹⲿӵеܵһ֪ȥʹԼⲿ˶ǵȨԸ£ڡ
ܴһֱֻ˾ߣȨϣοΪãеĹҳаȨ壬˵׹Ȩ߲һȺһıֻˣǸϣƽֻ˻ԭ򣬴Ӷһۺǿսʿ
˹ع˾׹֧°Ĺ˾רоֻ˵Ļγ룬ȻĻγ봢ҵʵѡ̽һʵ飬ܾܺǰ͵õ鱨˹ع˾ȫ緶ΧѰұֻˣȻǿıֻսʿսʿӵֻϵпŵ˰ѱֻսʿκɼЩ˲ƻǷǳֲġ
ֻսʿ٣ÿһӵǿ֪ǴڵĸϣƽһЩڱֻսʿţĹҲ⣬ܾܺǰͰץֻսʿΪAץһ˾͵ͬһA񣬿ɱֻսʿû֮ǰͨû𣬶ǿΪֹһˡ
ҶһβֻսʿͬڰսAΪӳֻˣСսǵľ
˽ֻսʿҶ¶һĨȻı飬˵Ǹдά˹ļһﺰһԴͲƤñڹǻӲҪǳЩ򲻹Ҫ꽣һܿڹӡ
˵Ҳµûһǿľ飬ֻл׽ֻսʿмֵһɱ͵ͬڿԻģʽپ߱κоֵǻһԣΧ¶»һģʽȲҲ޷˷Žﶳԭ򡣡
Ҷɫ΢˵ھԱֻսʿȫûãʮưЧûУ
εЦ˵ֻսʿǿᣬھǵĿǣ߾ھǻʦ
ҶƲƲ˵ʦҲûҪ꣬Բ죬Բ֮ϻ졢ʥ󾳽磬ζû֪ͨʲôʱܳΪߡϴʯζϡͿ˹ȥҲ֪ûй֮ͨš
Ц˵ͨζ׼ߣܳ䳤ֻй˳һﵽҪǳʮֻսʿҲˡ
Ҷû˵˫ְϥű۾ڸղţͷ·ʲôͻȻһ£ȻʻľϿʼٴγζ
һɵͽȻҶɣ֪СʲôãȻ¸һĴ죬žһɰľΪ羪κ˰ɢ


347 
쭰ӿɢ޷סѿһȦȦ״ƣҶɾͷð˿ưխĳԽԽŨ˾ǰ״һз̫죬ǰ󲻵ӡ
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ȷӦһϺȣִ򿪳ȥ˾һżɲҲ˲䣬籬ѣĿڰֵЩûһ˿ƴĳƮʱѾڵӰ
ζͷϴ죬վԭصɴֻͭ۴Ŷľдź찡СӵʲôȻڳϳζǰ޹˺߰
ʱҶȫ֪ԼںηϴγζʱѾɹڹؼʱȴ˸СС⣬ôһ㱡Ĥ˲ƿͺһ鱻ĲָԭĤıѾ˺ܶСףھϸ뵤ʱھֻͨ˲֪٣ԶԶ
ղһԺĳ񾭣ھӿֱζǲ㱡ĤֵûУ˲䱻øɸɾھ麣ںƵֱ뵤ް谭ʱȫϸ·ע޾ĸٻ֮š
ͣǰĸٹ·ԣʱѾȥСʱ·ĬĬĳ̣Ѿ˺üǰѯʵĽװűֻսʿı䰲ȫͻػأڻ뿪ԭСӣڸûˮȣӶùУҲû˻һ뷹
תͷŶڵҰָͷɣһϵֱЦ賿룬СһҪúһ٣Ҳ֪ʱﻹзԣ̶ûˡ
һ쵽ǰֽӹϣͳţͷҲص˵ллûˡͻȻоʲôԣһתͷҶЦеվϻŰ̡
Ҷɵ˵ͷԷȥ·߰ܶԼͷǸжʵͷͦ˼ġ
һµӵһץҶɼʵСͨζ
Ҷɵ˵ͷЦ˵ͨˣҸоϱֻսʿһư
ͷһЦͻȻ̧һȭغҶϣˣһǿޱȵķ˼ȭͷϴһĴʹ
üһߣ
ľȭͷЦڿȷҶѾżӽսӶһߣ䳤֮Ψһߣ·𿴵չ˳սҵĻԻ͡
ҶɵЦҡҡͷʵҲûʲô˲𣬽ֻǵһ˵ЩˣһȥҲˡ
ָŶľЦ˵Ƴ˼Сʱܿô
ҶڨЦ˵ҪԲ֪ɣ߹ȥϳηӾȻܶһźХȥ
ҹһˮĴŵտ̯ͨﵩ˳ԺȣһڵĴƿϾƣ±ˣһѽĿԵòֺ
ˣںȾƣһץᵽߺ񴵿Ƶһ죬£ץһѼš
Ҷתտ̯ϰ壬һٴ⣬ҪǮһġ
ϣԵȡ
տ̯ϰЦúϲ£죬Իһ⴮ࡣ
ץƿҶһ˵Ҷӣһ⼸ȵʹһأǺͨ
ҶҲץƿ˸ӹ˼˵ͷԺȾֻɻȸʹ졣
ι˼ھƺٺЦãмҵø㽻ףͨζȱܣԺǶƣҪؼʱá
ҶɵЦ˵ãһܹЩӣֻǵһ滹кüľ磬˵Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˸СȣҪǲκСõȾﵽʥҲûá
һ㵣ʵΪСȣɵʣ˵ô¶
Ҷƿ˼ڣСôС˷Ѩλ齲һ飬䲢Ϊǿ壬ҲΪʲôЧңֻһҪκСõȣΪĿԸ⸶Ŭ


348 ɭ
ν֪ҶɰʦѧԭΪ˸оͱ߷ѨСȣ򵥵ɳɾһλߡ
Ҷӣ䳤ѾĴڣ֪Ҳ࣬Ҫﵽߵľ粻ܹ⿿书ܽһܶ࣬ÿһѶȲͬͻõȵĹѫ㽱ѫԻȡԴһЩĵر֮࣬ҲЩ԰㾡
˵ǴʵܵĹѫȷԻܶڹĵرҶܵõЩδһݾͬʱҲ˽ģӳĵλսӵкô
Ҷ˫һʵͷѫܻʯ𣿡κĵرȲʯſʯܸʾ˽̸ǶԹҲкôпȻԽԽá
ʯüͷþƿ£˼Ƭ˵ѫܻĶܶ࣬һʱҲǵûʯһȥ飬еĻϵ绰֪ͨ
ҶץƿڣЦ˵Ҿллˣ˵ʯаѾĪүȥչˣֱҲչ飬ӵʯ˲һŶղصģҪչס
εһЦ˵ĪүٹҲȲ鱨һȥȲ鹦ѫܻܲʯȻ鱨ŵѰæ飬ЩղʯһϵַϵʽЩҪչҲһЩ
鱨൱ǿĴڣ鱨Բ鵽ȫϿĶֻֻܵҪ鱨ûв鲻Ķθ鱨Ƕĺѣ㶫ڹ˽ܾ
Ҷ⻰¶һĨϲɫ鱨æʯչٶһֻҪеַϵʽͻȥչֻҪչʯǮ⡣
ǾͶлˣֻҪа취ҵַϵʽҾܰϵʯչ
׻˵ǮʹĥƵСֺǺǡʯҲǼĶҶ˵Ǯ¶ֻҪ˳չõʯٶǮҲֵá
κȵ̹Ҷɼ˵¾ҵ£ҲսӳԱ£ֻҪܰæһΪ
Ҷ⻰Īӿһжƿ˵ͷƿҾģ仰Ҿ͸о̹ҵʯãҲҲǿֻ˵Եûһƿ˵ƿڴյͷ͹࣬ܿѴƿ׾ƺ˸׳졣
Цƿյͷ͹࣬һƿƸպ꣬ǰְһǵľƿ
һֱͨڶ峿˲ŷֵγ˷ɻ׶ҶؼҲһ˯硣
һֻҶɵΣͨ绰֪ǿţѯ𵽵Ӧ
Ҷֻ˵֣ţҶϵ绰ػһԼͷ˯˯һСᣬֱһѣ߹ȥ򿪷ţվŹɩۿտ޹
ôˣ
Ҷֱһ۾һ䡣
ɩӣ˵Ҷ٣ɭ˵һ룬ˮ˳䡣
Ҷ࿩һʵɭôˣ㵹ǰѻ˵
ɩĨһˮò˵ղյϢɭ˴ˣڿˡ
ʲôҶһͣɫʱɷףôҲ벻ǰ컹úõھȻҪˣվԭش˼룬ʵ
ɩʰҽԺڸϹȥҲܼһ档
Ҷҧҧ˵ȥҴ·Ϲ˵תܵͷѸٴ¿㣬ץֻһܳš
ɩѾѳ˱ſڣϳֱʰҽԺ·ҶɸŴ˸绰绰һֱͨ״̬Ҳ֪ŴЩʲô
ʰҽԺſڵ绰ڽͨŴЩʣֻ˵̸
ʰҽԺ֢໤ֽɭڲϣǰ컹͵ĺӴʱһϢģڲ֮併٣ոű
һȻŴվڲǰ˫۴Ųϵɭ˫ȭƺҪγˮÿһѵȥʹ顣
ɩҶ˽˷˽Ųߵǰ˿ϵɭʱˮƲס
ҶץסŴļ˼£ʵ磬ɭôŪ
Ŵһʹҡҡͷ˵ɭڹ࣬ҽѾˡ


349 ϵ
ϼԷزңֱڹ˾Ԫչزռ˺ܴһֱɭʵҲԴһزľס
о÷ٷչ³ݱĽУϼͨķʽһƤ׼һ̳Ǻ;Ƶס¥ʱ㳡ڵƤһʱµСۣۣһָۣʦͽ̳֮вҵĵۡ
۹ʦ˵飬һֱ𲻶ϣģСȴҲάüãӺͽסڹУƽʱǫѷоҲؼ
ʱ㳡ҪһʢĶʽϼܲŶҺû뵽ӴͽͻȻֳ˵ʲôգõأƲƷٵֻ
ŶЩο쵼ҲΪϵʿ˵仰ոڣͷЩѻǰϵʿ˼䣬ڳ֪˭˵һ䣬ţһͻ£ԱǰҪʿ˭֪ϵʿһ˦Ӿ÷ɳȥԶ
ͥŲŶ˵ٷƶѣžʿȴ򣬺ˡ
ɭһ嵽ŶǰֵסӣϵʿһЦһ˲ûκ֫Ӵ
תߣʱһ仰һȮϧˡ
ɭʱûʽУʽվеһ룬ͻȻɫ浹˵ϣ͵ҽԺʱѾȫʧȥ֪ʰҽԺȨҽ⣬мλһ˶鷳Ǹ鲻еʲôѾȻ״̬ҽ˵ʮСʱ
ҶŴٵĽ䣬ʵȷϵʿµô
Ŵһʹҡҡͷ˵ȷֻҵƶϣֳкܶ˿ϵʿһ䣬ʱҶԶҸ˻ϵʿ֡
ɩĨһˮ˵ϵʿǸڹĹҪŲѣ˵ɭʱûбʾʹ״Ҳ˵Լ֪ЩˣѾΪʲô¶ⲻǶһ𣿡
Ҷҧ˵λˣжǹؼʱ䲻ˣھȥץסţʸף¶Ӧнҩ
Ŵɫһ࣬˵ãֵھȥֻۣҪ֤ţ¶ɭһ
ɩ˵չɭһҪӱСĶԷܹεİͨӦǼϸСĶ
ҶɷĴñͷ˵ǻСĵģ߰ɡʱ꽣ϵʿ¶顣
ſʱѾǻƻĺǶѾ뿪ٺɫϦӳ·ͿһĨѪɫΧĵ涼ѱƽ¶ɫĵ۴ʱƻɫ˳еһµúܽһִεض𣬲һʱ㳡
ҶɺŴ˳ԶԶǰһʿڵͷɨǰΧľƣɨҶ֦飬ڳ˹ڻмѾǹͺͺĻأɨֻһ೾
ߵǰʿǰסǣ˵ѾˣλʿҪ
ŴʵСʿô
ʿ̾˿˵ʦ棬˼岻ãͣλʲôô
ŴЦ˵򵤳һЩҽ֪ʶСǽȥ
ʿ˵ʦҽ˲ȥҽԺҩƿӣѾûҽˣλǻȥɣʦǲǵġ
ŴӰ˵Ȼ˽ҲüҲüʲôȱԼ
䣬ӵڴһϵλʿȻƶ鷳ľͲýˣƶ
һϵʿӵڻ˳վſޱˣ϶һֻֻȥЩӥֱӥһЩվϵʿͷƫԴŶˣһ˫Ȼɫ⣬ƺֻҪϵʿһͻ˹
ŴһЦţҲѧӥѹȻ˴Ҿʹ촰˵ѱ˶нҩͽɣֵֽܶš
ϵʿϵƤ鴤£ͻȻһ䣬ϸĺ˿ϢĴڱųֱŴ硣


350 ˭ǻ
˿ת˲Ŵͷһκ󳷰벽˿ڿմҶһ嵽˿شָӻϼ
˿ϸ緢˿ĺɫС룬ָ۶һҶź˿ߵŴԣѶ˿˵ɭӦþⶫûˡδ䣬öĵЦ˫̧ڶ˽
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СģŴһϺȣһбӿߣѾѳ˺˿ǵķΧҶɲܣ⧷ϵʿ͵һƣһɰľŭƶ˲佫˿ɨһգκηӦͱҵƷƷɣͷĴӥڵͿȦͻȻһঽ£ֻצݺݿҶͷӥצޱȣֻҪһƤ
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352 
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λϴҶҪ˸绰̴һȺСܺȥҲ˻ԲѵéûĺֻܹԹվԡ
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Ŵ߹ҶɼЦ˵Ҳˣл۵ĵġ


355 ͻ
صҽԺ˲߽ʱɩɭģɭɫ࣬˽ЦŴк
Ҷߵǰɭ˵û˰ɣ۸۲𿩣ߵϵʿ
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Ŵ°һȻ˵ģ»϶ҪǸģţǷ۸һС顣
飿ɩüͷһ΢Ц˵λү˭˵˵ϵʿôǷģ
ŴаЦŴӿڴͳֻ˻˵Ҷ͵һͿĿû˳˸͵ģһͷǿӣвĵطӭѯ˵ֻݸ˹ɩ漸¼ȫ̡
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Ҷ濼һ£һ˵Ҫ򷢰ɣӦ
󡪡·˸S䣬Щײϻʹ̵״̬ƫͷݺһ˵򷢣׼սɣһǧǹȥ׶أӵ򡣡
ҶƲƲ˵ǰÿٴ򼸰ٷһôм򷢣һǧЧ
׸һ˫תͷ濪Сʱȥʻϸ٣ʡᶫȫʻҶɽζİŪϵߣÿﶼһǹΣһԼǹҲζŴӴܴǹԶ֣ʱ÷ɿ죬ֹ˰СʱСҶǹ˲װһǹɸȻƴװһ𣬱Ͽ򵥣治ס
ણǹװϣҶͻȻֶһ˴ֻٴΰװõǹŪ˸٣ֱʻ붫
Ҷ˺һڰǹɹλһױȵĳɾ͸Ȼֳǹĳ嶯룬ǰǹǹס
쵽ˣ׾ٷȥϡ
˵һ䣬˳٣ҶתȻϰһװ·Сȡٷ˵ƵģСպ
ϱǹףѧҡһһξ٣ϧٱ꽣ԵЩײˡ


356 
ͣһԺǰתͷҶһۣ˸³ĶСҶץ꽣򿪳ȥְŹϡ
û뵽ڳĥһӲ³Ҷע⵽Ҳһ׾ٷһ㵭ױ
üһҶе꽣˵Ǵ˴εץһǧʢͨڼȭṦݿɿ鱨ͲžԺڣһλ߼٣ЩȡҲԺĳͲôˣĿ̫󡣡
Ҷһִֵҡҡͷ˵У꽣һҪߡ
ԥ룬˵ҪȥҲǲУӳЩһڰɡ
Ҷֻܴ򿪳ţȡջµĳ㣬꽣ȹסϣ˸һ
һ˵Ҹϳʢ㸺ץˣṦѣǧˣû㹻֤ǰܲҪ¶ݣһ¶ݴ˴пʧܡ
Ҷ¶һĨ˷ܵı飬ͷ˵ףǸʢʲôҲ԰æҵġ
˵ˣץסԺ׷֣ܵץˣиԵֻͨ˰ס
ףҶϵıȻһͣ˵ץҸɴһһ˴ʡ¡
ҡҡͷ˵УһҪѣǵ񲻵ץˣҪҵղĵص㣬Ҫ߲񡣡
Ҷɷ˸˵ǸԽץҸطղĵص㲻һô
һ˼⣬˵ܣڴб֤Ӧڡ˵˲糯Ժȥ֤˳Ժ
оԺǾָӲ͸ڵأԺҶɲ֪Ҫҵλ߼پǾı־ͽʢλıλȨأеľͻʹһӰȥٵȥǮȫ˽ء
漰һڱ⣬ȨصץҲòСأûȷ֤ݺܻܿϴ鷳ʢ⻹һ鷳ȡҲµԸֱЧİ취ҵ
ûиҶɣҪѶȺܴʢıƽʱ뿪Ժ˹صǻסʱӦԼסϢ
֮ǰѾϸоΣܿҵʢıסĶСԺǰվɴ˿ƶʢıڼС
ҶɴԺǰ첽߹ĿбеԺӺ󷽣Ųִͣӿڴͳһ֧Ƹֱʵб׼ǽͷһ
ಣֱʡͷһɹԺǽѸ𡰸ֱʡָϵĵӱذ£Ҷע⵽ֱĻϳһת仭棬ǸǽڵСǸ߿Ƽ
֮ɸַǳ񲢲Ϊָ߿Ƽֶαز٣սԱӵе˵ĸ߿Ƽ豸ֻҪ˳õĸ߿ƼֶҲ廨ţõСһƶ΢ͷһŻƶСԽ׽Ļ漰ʱ͵ϵĽϣ׼ȷҳĿڵλá
Ҫͷǰߡ˵һ䣬ǰȥҶһ󼱴ٵĽŲǿסתͷȥĳ嶯ӿŲǰС
ˡĽŲԽϿңȳƵĲǰУҶ̲סתͷһۣһֳָǹĴ볯ǺܹܿǰмǿĽŲԶ
ͷһֱͣת˵ҪٶȷǽԺӣʢǼƵķſһҸץˣòҪκҪ죬ܾԺľ
ҶɵһִﲻЩţ̧ͷ˿ƽһ½ŵ˵ףһٶȳץˡ
һǳǳ仡첽ߵԺǽԣѸתͷɨһܣҶɴ˸ƣСҶӽһţӺ鶯èԾǽͷͣ˲룬ѾԾǽͷ
һԾǽͷৣһ죬˳ƶ£Ȼоظʲôһ£ĵһƫͷȥҶɲ֪ʱèԼԣļһһָһ
ҿˣſڣڽˮѡ
Ҷɳ˼۾ָбǽǣѭָȥֻһӰվǽߣڡ


357 ٰ¶
ҲˣԺ⣬վҸһһŲѰԭûµҶɺһ
Ҳ˲ùܸղ˭Լظ飬ѹ˵ץʢҸξſڣһҪ죬ͷж
ţҶһĵ˵ͷ˵ȹȥ˼Ͽٶ֣ģʪͦܵġ
ݺһۣèȻǽǵľԱҶ꽣վ۳һξһӵƵķſڣһƣţƵһۣиµͷдʲôԺĿֻģˮ̹Ƥʢ
ʽľһڵģҶվڴһ˼⣬ڴһƣӴ˽ȥһǳɣһֻּ֦ԾԳ
ʢƺû뵽˻˲һӦһԾ𣬰һǽڴ죬ֻͻأĴȭͷмֵ̽Ҷɺһﲻڼȭֹ֣Ϻûаԥ
Ҷ˫ֽսî˲Ӻݺɨ˹ȥֻƮƮȭͷᣬˡžһ죬СҶӲȭȻͬһ˲䣬ʢһɨУֻüƺһ˫һ̱ڵء
߳־ôɾ䣬ʢڼȭҶȫȻƤûһ顣
Ҷʢգת߹ȥſţվЦˣõˮѡ
˷䣬ֹϷѸٴӿڴһ֧װаɫҺעߵʢ߶£ֱѸٽͷ˾ѪܣָעһͷҺ塣
Ҷüͷʵʲô
γͷ˵һ˵ʵҩˮڿˮˡ
ҶߵǰһˮʢϣһＤ˸˹̧ͷ˫컨壬ϱһľګ
ʵʢʵشЩĶ
ʢ¶һ˿ɣƬֻ֮ã˵ڰ칫ҡ
ʵж֪ڵң
ʢһãȻ˵û֪иţǡ
Ҷüʢ¶һ˿죬ΪԺֳһʹȦһֻëСβͳʮָ繳ֻ׺񱻿ˮ̹Ƥ˵Ǻϸ֮һһŸʢһģһ
ҡɽϣ׶צ缲硭ϵʾ𣬷ڸ֪Ҷ
ʢȫгѲһﱻһֻРĽëӸ飿ҶСһ䣬ϸ˵ͨûʲô
һѣ˵ʲôһûꡣ
ҶڨЦ֣ͻȻͷתʢʵûʲô֮ܵĶͨ棿
ʢ˵һֱͨͨһնƽʱȥ
ҶƫͷЦЦ˵ֻҪ칫ҾҵһܴܵȥҪľǰſнΣóʲôӡ
һͷ˵ãȥſڽˣҶְǴΣʢһʱ᲻ѣȽ˾ٹȥ
Ҷ꽣첽߳˷ţֱԺſڣԺ׼֡
ι׳ǽ
ҶɸԺںһ䣬Ҳ֪öԲԣǰϾġ
ſԱһۣ߽˽ԺԵ˫ֻžžһҪ£Ҷۼֿ죬һס£˷䡣
һӺʢŷߵ˾칫¥ǰһһŮԱվſڵ̾Ҳ񣬴Ա߽˰칫¥ûκ˻ɡ
ʢվһ칫ǰŮͳԿǰţ˼βҵԿףŮ˽ȥʢ׼ʱԱһ칫ҵſˣ߳һµˣ̧ͷʢıһۣЦŴкʢôӰడϹġ
ʢҲᣬֱ߽칫ңľԱҲ߽ţ˳ְѹϣվԭصüͷͻȻתֽԼ칫ҡ
ʱ䣬칫ǰһӺǹʵĴԼжʮˣµٴ߳˰칫ңһ֧ǹԴһӣ˵ţ칫ңעⱣʢıȫ


358 ¿
˾Ƕ˾ԱܱʤҲʢཻѣ˼涼кɽʢΪܷҲһۣŽŵᾯԱǰҲûжʢıпǱЮ֣˵̽˾ţ׼Ȱ˾ȳ˵
ȥ͵һ߿칫ľţź뼸ǹܱʤҲǹһ˽ȥ칫ڲӰǽߵĴܱŲ¶һڡ
ܱʤ֪ҵĴڣڻĽǰһҪҾǰģһС䣬һֱ״̬ʱҲͽ˵֪Ҵڵֻʢˡ
ȥˡ
ܱʤǹһӣ첽ڣʿѾһǹ˽ȥңŲŵĲִеڵģŷԼ͸ƹ⣬̧۶ʿ˸ơ
ʿǹ嵽ǰһ˶׼һѸٴ򿪴ţƹͨǽżľܣϰڷŸֹɫֻͭɺĿĿϾӣϰڷʮţƤߵĴľ䣬мѾ˴򿪣Ķۻûнȫ棬һǼֵƵĶ
ܱʤɵЩԺжʱʲôЩԺǵð칫ҳǻҲңյʲôûУƶʢıװģЩ϶ҲѲ˹ϵһƽʱѭ浸ʵͽģ״Ū鱦
˾ĵڣڴֻͻȻͳһۣһ׶İ绰رһĩβλ
ͨ绰Ͳﴫһͳ˾սܲҲĶ˰ɣ
ܱʤͷһ𣬳˵֪ܣǵ˴ʢı
ûʢ˹ĶֵǣЩͨ;ȡĹŶ棬ϣܵ͵ھɲӰ죬ȡϣϡ
ܱʤҧҧ˵ãһȫϡ
ܺã˻һĽͣټ
ţܱʤϵ绰ʿ˸ƣ˳ȥ˵Ҵţ칫ⶼʿܰأҹ˾м¼񣬰һһŮòμ
ҹѺʢ׶Ҷɶر·ӿڴͳŵͷһʯһڵĴƿǴӵб˳ģʯֶ˾ͲŹƿȥϡƽԺеʾ˵һرĻ
֮裬֮Դ
ʲôƿӺʵĵġҶһְỵ̂һֻƿϸ꣬ƿ˿Ϸ죬һɵĶ֮赽ǸʲôֻлȥԺоˣʵڲо鵶ƿпǲǲ
صУҶкмֻСèצţʯպ̳鵶ʼƿƿһʵϰסƿλñȻһ¡
꣡ƿָ׸Ǵһ飬ȱڴһɵɫ֭ˮһŨʱƮ˳ҶӣƿӴյɫ֭ˮζʱڿƿͷ͹֭࣬ˮ𣬺з·ζٶԾϧֻһ㣬δְһ׿ˮпڹ룬ҡҡٺһڡ
ϴ˺ü飬ƿ֭ˮȫԾ鵶ƿг꣬ǿĵģҲ֪˭Ѻúȵ֭ˮƿУƿҲЩͷˣ汣֭ˮɿڣֻ³رζκһҲȲˡ
ʯĿ飬ⶫҪЯҶɰɨ룬һŨŨľϮԺ죬ǿߵߵͷ˯˹ȥ
׶һҹëѩ˺װ轵£һỤ̋˲ܶϸϸıǺٳţһ¿ͷ׳ĺë¿һľ峵ǰУõϵı졣
¿һ޿ˣлųһûһµڿ˦žһ죬ͷë¿ѵǰʮףӽڱŰһ죬ë¿ֻӿ첽ǰʮף˷¿ͣһ»ǰ
ŽգԸͤˣվӶеĳ޳һ˦һڴѩֱѩһɹͶԶ


359 
ƺѩϷӱ޾ѩţ̶̼ʱ¿ΧĻѩѾգ¶ˮ档
֨ѽһ򿪣ͬһӭ˳̧ޣͻȻڳԯһɨĻѩɿһڴѩ򣬱һѩһΣѩϱüëմ˰װ׵ѩ
ĨһϵѩЦ˵үӣþòˡ
¶һĨЦݣ˵үүȥгһ¿ͷ˸޻ͷë¿š
һ¿˸첲ʵүүôˣ
ЦеŮ˵˵ץݺỪʮصǧǲģ
Ц˵Ϣ飬ǧץһ鱨ŵĹͣһBʵץͦ򵥵ġ
ϵı΢΢һ䣬ʵǧݺʮشδʧ֣ڼȭ¯࣬ṦܵУһСôץס϶иִЭɣ˵˵еһ
ҡҡͷһץǧʢ˵ǧͲͬһˣ˵ôץûʲôڼȭṦǸ˵һ
¿ֻҲûӱȥ飬һ˫۴ŹŮ˰βüͷ˵԰ѵץĲ˵ǧʲôͽͽ
ҡҡ˸첲˵ͱˣѺģھ͹ڻȥƲô
Ц˵ҵĹŮǲǧҿ֪١˵תͷһۿ첽ΣгһִԱߵĵϾһѩ˹ȥ
үӡһٴαѩУﰵģԺ󲻹ôҲˡ
»ɽɽλһֿ⣬¿ͣڲֿڣү³һ۾ͿֿһСݣЦЦ˵캮ضҲֻܻܳݣ¿пڷ
Ц˵θģҲ۸ʵ˰
үӵһЦִӻһƿת׸Σ˵СҲҼˣẔ́Ԫú˱Ϲһصǿˡ
ƿͷϲҵĵҩڹǴδĹ˵ʥƷΪҵĵҩнЧү˵һŵҩܼһؿ϶ģ˵ѩ򣬾ǧѩҲֵ
ߵһǽԣǽһһ׼ǽһզզŲףǰľȻʣĽֵ˸Ž󣬽ֵԾĽɿгڽֵشװԲʷŮеߣ̻¡ټ̣Ͱľ֦ҶïٲȻһԴҲܻڡ
ǰǰһ͸ĲǽһиλӿڴͳһӡнɫСƵĿƬ뿨ֻۣ죬ǽϳһ˲йŶסүүĸ첲߽ڡ
лүӣ»һ
ԭصγѰعȴүѾԶһϲİѴƿ߽ڴ߽š
ܻǰһرĳƺţԯսνĴɽֻǻǵһµαװԴõ̫ܺ͵ܣѩأڲҲһůΪ˽ʡԴһůͿɱʢģسܿ⻹䱸ǿϵͳͷϵͳһҾսĸǰҪȥġĸ֣ԹԸĳɺ
үүĸ첲һ¥ǰ˵үү˵ǧ͹棬ҪҪܲ׼
׼ˣүӿصǲǵǧ
үͬʱתͷȥֻһλ۵˳˹λԼʮͷͣŵ۴Űȣͷȴû٣ʳָϴһָһ˫Ӳƾ⡣
컯źָСʿ컯ŵմӣҲΪǧ컯ʮǰ֮īƿӦøǧйء
үƫͷ˵˼䣬˼ʶ㣬һ۾Ϳ˵ݣԷҲµװס
΢Цųүүգգ۾ʵүүǲҲǧ͵˱ױ͵ʲô
үһ죬ڨЦ˵СӼҼҵıɰʵףҶĶ㡣


360 ˯ֲ
ȻûλԺյĹߣĵҩȴδĹĶ߱Ұèʱҩ߿Ծŵ壬һĽݣ׷ҲˮǴߣھ֮ϡ
ֻҪóҩһ֮ͣǰȴǧ³һһҩ¯
ҩ¯˵ҩ˼µıֻ֪˼ǧ𷽡Ϊһҽ֪һλҩɵʥ֣õ¯ͬһ㣬֮ӵнյĳɾȫҩĶһҩƪһҩ¯
ഫҩ˼״ӣ˹ҩʵҩ֮ԭȥҽͨ⻹һҩһߣǰɵĵҩҩЧĵҩǿǧٱǸҲûʲôϡ棬ֻͨʥĹ֣ĵҩֻǶͰӶĻɫҩҲֻܸпһ䣬ʱͬˣ
ǧߵҩ¯аƴС죬˵ⶫǲܵģҩ¯ȴģ壬ֻҪıŴҩ¯ҩ¯ҽһҩ¯ҲͻȻûģ¯
¯ԭͲʲôƷǧҲû˭뵽һãĳ˹ƷүϧһдѰǧ䣬һֱûнŮܻϢ̶ðѩ˹̫಻ȷҲ֪ܻǧǼ١
ͬ컯ŵߵ¥ǰЦŶүӱȭ˸˵ϣþòˡȻְڹǰõĻΪ˴˲Եݡ
үҲȭ֣˵ܲΣ˵סǧ̸ϹǵõҿǸǰܲζ¹ЭģֻҪסǧȡҩ¯ұϰö̱ԪΪл񣬲֪ûиܲ
ʵܹҵĺôܻǧϢүӵģΪûǧǧʢͬһˣȻǧͷȼȫͬһB񣬶һSпSS
ЦЦ˵ү˵ЦˣǧȥѾʽ˫SҴ򱨸ģܻǧʢҲҪϸʹȷǲͬһˡ
һЦʵܲΣǧʢǵǧĹѫô㣿뵽һܣһײ˴˾ܳԿȰѻ˵
Цݣһ˵ֻҪ֤ͬһ˿϶˫S㣬BĹѫҲȥ
¶һĨЦүүĸ첲˵ǾһȥҿյװɣҩˮҶѾ׼ˡ
΢ЦŶԵ˵ǧʱ컯żҲܲζ¹Э飬ֻҪܻǧ컯Ըһ߼ܣ֪ûи
˰ȻһЦҲôֻҪ֤ǧʢǵǧ̼ܾ޶
飿ߵǰүӽһתͷĿ´һˣʵλʮǰ𶯹컯ô
ʮǰ컯˸̥ͯһſ쾳磬漣ʱ䶯磬ܲηѾҲû˵컯λͯ룬ҲһùǽֵĻ⣬Ӹղ˵̸е֪ŲʵܲβûȰ˵һͯܣǸ컯һЭ顣
ɹȻһЦȭ˸˵ŲҵõѣǻȽȥǲӰɣ
үӹЦãǾһȥơ
һ˽С¥ֻһ¥ŲԶĹսǴ쳤ϲǸյҩΣ˸ղŵ̸Ʋסһ󼤶˫ȭͣգﲻͣһ˫S񰡣һ
ҶɽҽԺԭ֣˯ҹҽԺҩơġС䡢ݱˮֿõֶζ˸飬ɾǲܰѣ˯úܳһ˸Ϊǿ׳ǲ
һ֢״˯֢֢״Ҷɴʱ֢״ȫͬ˯úż΢ЦĥĥŸƨɶģǲʱҴңתֹȥһ졣


361 ݷ粨
ʰҽԺػˣѦѦү˹ҶΪҶɲиŬСӾڲϣǴһ˿΢ЦʱʱĥһݴС࣬ǲۡ
ѦָϣĿϸϸϣһ˫˫ε۾үӣҴ´үﲡ
һӹȥѦ˫ۣЦ˵ҶСһ㲡ûУ׳ʵúܰ
Ϊë
ǰΪë
ŴѦһдʣ˵ë˹ϵſ˯һһҹѾǼޣС˯ҹǲѣ浣ʲô״
ѦתͷһۣʵǣҶСǲǳʲô󲹵Ķ
Ŵһ˼ҡҡͷ˵ҾͲ֪ˣɩ˵ͽԼ䡣
ɩһ£˵ҼǵڽҶٷʱŵһɺرζƽʱûѬϰߣӦǳʲô
Ѧü΢˵ˣƶһǳʲô󲹵ҩҩõİ취ǵȻӪҺ֮ĶԳȥֻÿëˢЩˮɣǲõģ岻κ⡣
үǻ˶ҽʥ֣˵ĻȻŲɣҶɻ˯ѵģ̲סǡ
˫ͨٻָŴգ˵Ҿȴϣһ۾ܿҡԴӴ˯ÿ춼ڲԣҲ֪˶ᣬһϢ
ĪϪ˵ѦүӶ˵ˣ粻£ٿˡ
ٻ˵ͷһ۽ǷɳҶüģ׼׼ȥʱ򣬾ϲĿƤ»
Ҷ˸һãСʵǸʲôôҽԺӡԼ˯һȻϡͿҽԺϣ¶Ҳ̫˼ˡ
Ŵǰһȭȭͷʵһǿ׷˲ȭͷݵֱֻۣһ죬Ŵٺײǿɣ˱׿⣬վԭش˰Σ¶һĨڵĺɫ
ҶɵͷƫͷһۼڨЦ˵˭ܸһô˯ҽԺˣǵ˯Լϡ
ٻ˵磬˯ҹղѦүү˵ܳʲô󲹵Ķҩûա
󲹵ĶҶ˦˦ͷ˯ǰ飬üһԺһͷѵƿˮ˯˼죿գûзʲô
ѦүӶ˰˰˵ҶСѾûˣǴȳȥȼӣлҪ̸̸
˽ӦӶ߳˲ŴһɵҶһۣ˸ָ߳ȥŹϣֻʣһһ١
Ѧǰأ´һҶɣЦ˵ܺãҲµû칦ѾɣֻЩ棬˯ǰ׳ʲôĵرЧ
ҶڨڨһЦ˵ʵҲȷʲôһīƿװˮź㣬Ҿͳһ㣬ɾղסƿˮҺȹˡ
Ѧһ˵ϿµˮӦһûиõĴҩ˺ôòҪ̫Ҫ鷳
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵Ҽˣлүӡ
Ѧ΢΢һЦܺãϣΪСѾͷ⿪ѨλҲˣڰɣվǰȥ
үӣȥҶɵ𣬴Ь߹˹ȥҪˡ
ѦҡҡͷãϹͷܶԺʱȥ߶߶
Ҷɵͷ˵һҹȥȲ衣Ѱ˼Źȥ˳࿪СЩԵ裬үһϲ˳칦¼һͻԭ
ѦүŴҲ˳ԺҶͬСùɩؼУһСС˯粨Ȼȥ
ѧϰµĹΣֱŻѧĪϪСãɩٻؼ죬˳࿪Сݽ
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ҶѾһûСݳԷԶһұ꿪ţ߹ȥͳųƱ˹ȥ
ϰ壬пǡ
ϰЦŽӹƱóһпͬǮһ˹
ҶʵһûԷСΪɶˣ
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362 Ƶ
ϰƬͷǳϤⲻæҶɴǻУſСݱߵ顣
һǰмҽлʢʳŵĹ˾ĿԴͨ棬׼ʳһ֣СϰǲԸǨԺÿ춼гǹܡ˰ȲŹ飬˵ʲôСꡢӰݡ͵©˰ּͷüСݱȹЪҵ
˼к̨Ĵ˾ϵֶζСܱȵģСֻвѾı·ǸСûи˼ҾıǮֻܹԹҲͽͣ¯Ҹĵط
ϰĽҶĬȻüƬ¶һ˿ǳǳЦݣ뵽һ⣬ǰҪҵ˳С
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ҶЦЦ˵ƾ˴ĳյ￪Ҳһи뷨ҪҸطģ
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Ҷһĵ˵ͷ˵ǿݣ뿪һҿ꣬ԸѧУʹ˾ṩͲͷֻҪʽ˸Ͳͣڻ϶ҲԵ绰ͣѧֻҪͣ˳Էʱͻڵķ͵ϣúǿԶ࿪ҷֵ꣬Ŀ͵Сиͷˡ
˳˫΢УǳЦ˵ӵʣ˵˵ôõ̶Դ
ҶЦ˵ﲻ˵ĵطҼӣȥó˳ϺӣǼһԴ⣬Ҹطú¶֪һûѧҲˣСмңԴˡ
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ҶٶܻѧУУſң˵ֱͣ˳Сǰҹ˳࣬˭֪СſڵĽֵԣȴըεһĻ
ƷµΧŹ˳࣬һķֵİͷ̧߷ǰһ裬Ҷ
ͷһڵ𽺹ָŹ˳ݣΥռӪ㵨ӲС
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ͷȻŭ̧е𽺹˳ȥأԴӺᣬ㡣
˳ȻûֽԶͨͷһαܹ˳ǰһ카סͷһƣͷһֽУǰһ˸գֵž˵ϣ˸׼Ĺʺ
ִԱƲ̧𽺹Ҫ˳ඵͷкҶ̲סˣ³һ嵽ǰֻҿݺݳִԱգղŷһּһ͸úݺݵĳ顣
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Ҷּзִ磬Ƥ˹ǣһʹͿţſڵϵ˲ſǰǸѧڵѧҲ߯ˡ
ˡÿһǻȣߣǹʹһĴϺ㹪ӣҶҧˣʵǼ⣬ʵش𣬻ӭ𡣡
ͷʹָ̧Ҷɲ˵ΥˣһֱϣѺػȫ߻ɤѪʹУִԱɵˣ˿ĭ˭Ҳҳ
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363 
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Ҷɵһװκݺһƣʵ˵ɣ˭ֵģ
ץĳǹܶԱҡͷҡ֧ûУִδ䣬һƺݺ˦ϡ
һ˵ʵǰɣҾ취˵ҶִӵϿٳשͷǰһΣЦ˵Ҽи˵˵ʵֻҪһʯͷͻԹ˵ʵٲ˵ʵҾͰʯͷ˵ϵשͷյ˳ǹߣҪ
ǹŵûæ˵𡭡˵ˣǰﻪʢʳžջص棬Ҳû취ôġ
ҶѾõҪĴ𰸣еשͷһ£˵ɣ´ҼһһΡ
ǹܺܿӵԭ˵ǸͷҲˣǱ뿪Ƕ֪ǰװˣ»ؾǹԴҲˡ
˳ʰ˵ϵĹ裬̾˿˵߰ɣҸط̸̸͵顣֪һƬѾûԼ֮أܸҶɺһҿ͵δһ¡
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ҶϲЦտæͷ˵ɩԸæòˣһЩԼ⣬ھ͡
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ҶɵƣЦ˵Ǻһǰףһ¡˾ٱһƱ̸뿪ÿѧæڻƽ̨飬Լʱ䣬һӵԼϲҵҪһҵΪء
ֻʣ¹˳ҶɺȾģǴ̸Ʒ裬̸˱˴˵֮ƺĳĬڲ̸ܺ͹ߵκ飬ҶݷѦϵ飬⿪˳ҪЩԵ裬үϲȲ裬ԵǲмƷΪʺϡ
ʱ䲻֪ѵ˰Ҷѹ˳ͻסС̲һͨ¥λܵһ־סڶ¥¥¿Կ¥̨ϰڷ໨裬ȻѾǶеĳȻïʢ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
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ҶӣЩòˣཻһȫ˸㣬ϣЩסˣаԵ裬СĿ
䣬̨һںҶ˫һȽסǸ鲼ֳ²ʮأҲû򿪰鿴ֱϳ뿪


364 
ҶɷؼѾϾŵ㣬Ź˳͵Ĵ¥˷䣬Ѱϴ򿪣һɫ׺װ飬ƳɵıӣһԿףһСһҶ
Ҷɫףһ׹۵ռ˰ľųɣȼ¼أװ飬һǰȭڶָ̫һԪǹ˳书ؼȻȫ͡
Ǳ̫һԪһҳдż仰̳̫һԪޱʥ飻˫ΪͥУԺˣԻתԪϣԪ
һ¼ؼļһżڹ˳ѾһЩɬѶ·ע⣬ֻҪе书ӵ˾׶ҶмصڹЩ⣬ԽԽ񣬾Ȼ˲鿴
һҹߣҶɰؼϸ˼飬ȭͿңʽٶ˵ǵµȭһһ˰ǹ޵սȫװȭָһżѨΪһĹϰ֮ǰѨλŹҪۺڹ̫һԪһŸڹ
ഫ̫һԪʼΪ̫һˣ˳̫һŵ״ӣͳ̫һѾ˥ܣ츳ˣ粽ͥԭ̫һ·ȴһɢӴԵֻܼ¯̨һո߳ƽˡ
ҶɷؼмûһӴ򿪣ŵСɵСܷʽ̸鵶࣬ٴһӣŽ룬룬ⶫ˵ûʲôãʱȷһԡ
СһʲôûӦԺдһ쾧
ҶɷתСϵȻһ쾧ϲⶫʯʯõκһŸͷСȭͷСʯļֵͳ˽˴ﰵѰ˼Ժ͵꿪˾ܿ˹˴磬ȫøҲν
˼⣬ڴֻͻȻͳһۣ绰δģ̽ͨŵ˶ߡ
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˵УһͳԷأ
Ҷ˵򵥣ʲôֻ˵һҸʮ׶ԶٷӦù˰ɣ
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Ҷ˵ðֻҪ˵һ٣ǳʮҲˡ
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ҶڨЦ˵ɣӮģҪϲʱԹסһصģҹܳԹܺȡ
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ҶЦ˵ɩٻؼ죬ʣһᣬ¥·һȥԷ
ΰϵƤݸҶɣ˵ʯ棬һװϽ׼̫ɽǰϵԽ߾


365 
ʱȣҶƤ¥ӣһ״ԲʷžӨʯԲʷϷץһʯԺеʾ𣬿ɹûа㷴ӦֻܷϵĶץһʯ
쾧֮ʾξȻһ֣ҶһĨЦݣӲöǾܺú̸̸ˡ
ʾûлشҶϰⲻ䲻ĵԣպʯʼװԲʷѹ˳͵ĺϣٴԲʷоů˲٣ԴӴӦμսӵһѾʱִиΣ׼ΪЧûʲô˵ģԸһ˳ȥ顣
ѥӡ꽣ǹСֱǡʯҶĶô򵥣ʰһ·Ķ첽¥
´һ£¶һĨ΢Цãе㵱ӣһ˷ţǰɳ̲ϡ
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Ҷע⵽ڶϵĵӱ˵˵ɶʱҲⶫôܺгԹ
ԼôңͷϿһֵ̧ͷȥֻһīɫֱڿ½Լؽʮ׵λãдһݣץסȥٶȿþˣͽ˻ա
ҶɼЦ˵ϡҶӦһѧһСץסݣֽŲѸյݻε˰Ӳŵ˻տڡ
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366 ȾѪħϣ
ƷµѪŲʮƬƬбͷı߷죬սʬ壬֫۱ľ׮ϵŮһ߾ߵѪеʬ崥ĿģλĶΪڶƷпɱ֣õľֶΣֻҪΪģɱȫ⣬ҲŹ
ǵܵشСɵãҲƵĴӪµ߶٣սΪ֮ڣܱҲ߶ӣΪ˶׼֮ͽһǺֻһݣǻþֶɱֵ֣ļ˺ѡ
Ѫܵʬ߶Ӳ̬ķȺ޲Ķʮǰı߾һСɽĴʱԼ˵һ߶Աڶȫʮһ⣬׸һҹ֮䱻ȫɱȺµдŭ˻ĸ߲㣬ץƣ߶ӣA
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Ҷƫͷֱһ۾ϼжŷ㣬ִӱȡ꽣˫ϥϣһνʣһУͷһɱ·Ҳ˼֡
ֱռɣǧ·Ƭ̼Ѿ˻Խ߾һУƽУ鱨߶ӵ˻ڵضһƷﵽʮϣҪľǸ߶ӵҵǵϳȻһټ
ĽԶƷʹԷƶߴȶƷʮ˿д̣ƷĴΪвðŶķֺ˺Ĺ߶ڵضʱǳÿν״Ӳͬһص㣬һֶζϴڽصңһֶζΪڻ˳С
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ֽΪ߶ӼֽǮո˼룬ǳưԽǵҰѾ¶߶ӵҪɽĶֽ𣬶ֽ֪׷ռ󣬵߶Ӹһ޷ܾļλλڵضɾһء
鱨˵ɽĳѾƽУֻҪҵ߶ӵˣӶҵȺڱ߾ĴӪ
ΪΪʳвΪһУԼɽһֽΪ˱֤ԼİȫҲؽƸһȺҪĺݽɫøֻлŲ׬ǮʽںܳһʱڲٵĻԴ
ŷ׷ٸֻ֣ҪϵĿ꼸ûߵĿܣƽʱһִ״̬ͺͽȻ˸Ƶģ·һĹңû֮ǰᱣ״̬
Ҷɸŷһѷ۵λãǰһѷۣ˫۾ŵĲǰĴ룬ǽŴбƵǰɫǴ󶾷ɽģһװƷĳƱϸĹ۲ͿԿܶ˶ţֻҪڳ̻ͣǰѯʡ
Էۣ
ŷͻȻһȣѸٰĿ˻ҶͷʼԷۣѷζŨһζż̧ͷһſڣһһŮ첽߽۵ꡣ
ԼôʮͷͣƤܰףͷҲ˴룬ϴһϴһɫ󡾵۵ϹһСĴֵָĻƽӣĲֱһΣһ֪»ŶǶᡣ
Ů˴һ߻ñųƤڣǾɹ̫ŮԼʮ껺ϻµͣòֻһ㣬ü·һرʣ˵ĸ첲İԼǰ˹ϵƺܡ
ϰ壬ѷۣҪӷۣ˻һŹ̵ӣͷе׼Ĺ㶫


367 ȾѪħУ
һһŮѷ˸ڵλ£߳Աģ˾Ҷɺŷǰÿһ仰ס
ŷǵĴƿﵹЩף˼ϣ´ƿȻʳָڼδ֭ϻ˻ҶĿһɨϵĴ֭һ֣ĵ˵ͷ
ҵ׷óԣԿˣҪٳһ룬㻹ҪҪ
Ҷɶ˿һ䡣
ŷ˵Ҳһ룬ʡˡ
ҶɶԵϰߺһϰ壬ۣҪţģӵ
ǰһĹ㶫ɽ࣬Ůѷ۴żȻŮƽǰģʶܻһŮƽԭһΪݣΪ˻ŵ飬Ůиŵ㣬ƽ⣬˴һ־Ϊɵ״̬ʴǵİĦеĲλ˷ܵ㣬ҪڵòںŮ˸
Ůÿͷ׷ۣŤѸٰ׷۾ǰһ͵ɽߣЦ
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Ů˾ÿӾ׷ιɽУÿһζǡô׷۳Ҳ˶٣׷۳ȥλ۽θмˮ
Ҷһֱڰз۲Ů˾׷۵ĶȻٶȶյǡôóһۣŮһҪôҪôר
ŷһۣЦŴȤСӲ⸱УҪҲιԷۣ˵ʱÿӾ׷ۣϵõòȳƣһپһǿ꣬ǰʱõķȻܲɢˣȫϡ
ŷľٶҲһ֤ҶɵĲ²⣬õİ˵ģԣ˻лɣȥֵñϰǮ
ŷٺЦͷѸٰɽתͷݺݵһۣе˥̣
Ůæ˸ĶüҡҡͷɽϵŭݶʱЦŶŮ˸ǸĶѸˣŸ첲뿪׷۵ꡣ
ŷ̧ͷְת˴⣬Ů˶ɽ䣬첽߽˲Զһޡ
ɽӿڴһ̵ǣ̻ûſڴĵ绰Ѿˣͳֻͨ绰ϵı齥Ů˴ӲùҶϵ绰̸ЦųƵԵȥ
ŷɫͻȻһ䣬˵үģһѾ˶ˡ
Ҷƫͷϸ⿴˿ûзʲôףʵ˼⻹˶ô
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ŷ㿴ɽŮֽ⳵뿪żͬʱ򿪣ӾƵ߹ӣѸ˳
ŷҶٶȳ׷۵꣬˸һسƵļճѾͬһʻȥ
һǰһʻûֺβͣһֲ·ڣͻȻһߡҶɵ˵Ҹұߵġ
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ŷӶдε˵ԴֱϵĶλװãװ΢źŷҰҶӸĳ˺ɫ㣬ӵɫ㣬ֺܽƻһҪעⰲȫ𣿡
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ͬʼȫעĿ공΢źŷҲø̫ñԷ֡
ҶʻٶȲ죬תһȦͻȻʻһͣҶͣͣ³ŲɣһĨӰͣ
ͣһٶȴӳӶһᣬ˲һʱѾװϣѸʻͣڡ
ýƻļһȻ;İϷҶͷЦӵճԣ򿪳ȥӣ񳵳ʻȥ


368 ȾѪħ£
Ҷһ·ʻ뽼־벻öԷ֣˴صƺ߶ӣɽȻʰֻǸնǹؼ
񳵼ΪʱʱߵľЩݲƽĻ·ƽƽҶǿһľҲԽԽԶ·Զȴ֣һҧһ󵨵ľѳͣ·ߣܽȸ
ҶӣҸĳѾؾƵ꣬Ǯϣˡ
ߴŷ㼱ٵҶһ߱һߵףһܽƻѾǮ任һϣڸųܣģ
ʲôųܣŷȻ˰˶ȣָֻܿƽҿλãܿϡ
ǰͣһƬȴԣŴ򿪣׳ˣһתͷһۣӳǮ첽ȥ
ҶԶԶżǮˣľڻ죬Ӻأ׳һҪͣЪһ󣬾ͣͣ
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Ҷɲߵ̫죬ܱ־룬ɫǮ⣬ǸźԶҲ׼ȷĿ귽λΪ֪һﶼǮ䶪
׻˵ɽȪˡˮˮԴ͸úܽ෴Զ׳˰СʱˮԴԣһұϵٲֱµٲұ·һˮ̶ˮĴѹֻһˮúܽĴ
׳۵ͷ󺹣мӳ嵽ˮ̶ſţ̶ˮһȥ˾Ϊ֮һˬ
ͷ׳ѵ¿ˮϴˮ衣ҶɲڲԶһҰŽ󾲾עһУµû߶ӸﶾӦþѡｻףһˣһȴû¶棬δЩΡ
ʱ䲻֪ȥһͷ׳ѾָǮһΧһĺ٩
ŷѾȻҶԣſڰŽˮ̶ߵĶһû׻ܿʼ
ˮ̶дһ죬ɽһӵС˴˳첽ߵˮ̶ߣޱĶ׳Ǵ˸ơ
׳ߵСԣС˰ϵӷ´򿪣װĶںǹ֧ǹΪ֧΢ͼףȻԴûӲһﲻУֻҪ·ǹⶫڻԽ߾Ҫж١
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ˣôСİɣˮ̶дһЦ߳һŮеһ˿۾ˣԼʮµͣʱ򣬴һͨĶ׳һɫ㣬ôɣһһŮͨװƤƺðһ֪Ǿɹ̫˾ſȣϱһѲ񵶡
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ɽʱл˼ǽǮףһֽǮһ񻮴һǮ߸·
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˴ˣŮǰȡ´߹ȥŵɽǰ˿첽ߵǮԣ鿴ĳƱ
ɽߵСʹ˸ɫС̴һѺذףѸٰѴ𿪣ȫһϴװõİɫĩС˴мһذ׼һСڣʳָմһĩĨĨ̧ͷɽЦЦ˸Ĵָ
ˮ̶İЦ˵˵ˣҪл˷㣬εĻһֵˮ
ɽЦǾͶлˣĳһҪϺȥһλԴӸ߶ӴǸɽףûߵĿλһĴһֱһظУԽԽһ档
΢΢һЦǵʱһӭͣ߶ҲǷǳ͵ģ͵һСĿ
һһŮǮĳƱŮָﴵһڣ߳񵶵ˣװ˹


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װ˱˫Ƶˮ̶ԣϥϱ˺ݺһţĹȥ漴۵ĺڲ
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ں˵޷Ǿϼֳ㶯Ҳãҽ߼ǺţЩ鷳Ĵעȫе߾ϣôŻ뿪
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ӥĿھװһɨЦ˵Ϊ˱ݽĿһ㶫ⶫܲµһЩˡ˵Լʹ˸ɫ̴Ӻγ񵶾أƬ̼;ӣװ˽⿪ȫڣ˲ӣôҲû취
һ˶һƿװҺ壬ƿڵһ첣©
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ɱһȣ꽣ϢĨɽಱӣһϣһͷµµ˵ϣѪӿȪӶϾһƮ䣬˫أԴţԼͷʬˮ̶С
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ס֣ڰ
ŷһϺվֶ̧ſп۶˰
硪ǹҶɵ˻еؽѾ˰ɲϣֻҪܿλɵԴ
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Ҷʧһʬ壬һƫ뿪˰ɲӣһУųصĲߵ˵ǰһԵץһ񵶣ܿѵһװ˾˳ǵڶ
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װ˶һۣͷǶ֤ǰλһỪŲɡ
Ҷ֪εܻΪԼһʱ嶯ҹﲻڣ˵ʲô˦ƤʱһгˣĿװԼǰ˻ƤֻҪھͲֲҾ緢
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ǳ⣬ֱ֪ȫͳҩˮô棬ֻҪһ룬־ǿҲڲ֪а֪һн
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⼸ɽߵŮ˾ǴƣϧҲˣĽѾõĴ߾ȻǸŮˣǸ˯˺üŮˣ鱨ڳ˴⣬Ѿ˼Ѱҵ߾ȻƤ³֣װ˷һץĺûᡣ
ƺܽƻһżɹǰ׵Ķɽ̵ֻ࣬ʱڻ֪󶾷ûдǮҪֽεĽ׶߶Ҫ
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⣬˵һǮǿǮͻնƴ߶ᣬʱһ򾡡
һ˵취ǸܽƻĶ֣߶վҪʵʩƻһ׼һʧ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôüͷ˵ƺ߶ӽƻݶǮͻΪն޷ܾŮʲôɵļֶΣʱǺ뱻
ҧҧָŵϵİ˵ټһˣƵ״磬һ׼ãϧһдҲҪȺ档
ͷ㲻˵߶йôɵһҲûС
Ҷɲ̲һ䣬һʬ岱ϳһһӵССƣ涼֣ЩֲǻģְƶΡ
չƽסƿۣ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵ⶫƺ߶һ


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ʶ̵̩ģ̵ߵᣬһԣֵܣƾԶ϶һ뾡һа취ʬ
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һƬţŽſһϾƣҶЩƣⶼѾƽ죬߶жСöѾ绰˼أҪٴȥֻ»СѾͷӻɣְڣƺ߶Ӽ
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װҶ߽ʳԺţͷ̷ʰͷĲ;ߣǸСӺȻУһϽͰˢˢţ۽ǵһ̲Ҷɡ
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373 նж
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374 ߷
ºڷɱҹΧȦ߶עƽпǵ͵ĺ«Σڶž˺«ڣһش֮һϸʽȣΪ˷ֹѺͷȫǶ۴ֵĸֽդֻסںԣϳҲɲȥ
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Ҷһ࣬꽣ӰѽѹƣȡʤΪ߶ӹ߾ͨһżԵĵѺ񱳴󿳵·һɳ޵ŭ֮ʱעдһնɱһеƣһӳ֮ˮһкǧ˽ƲɵһӳƺֶϱλȫУöֱ޿ɱܣ
ҶɼϲѹƶͬʱҲϸϸĥֵĵ뽣湲ҲͬڽѧŰԵҲһ׮Сջ
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Ҷɲ鿴ÿһʬ壬һˣƣŮ˲ΣյĶߣβסԺ϶޷ĲпᱨֻҪŮ߶ӾͲ㸲һᶫɽ𣬳񾡣ҲŮң⡣
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Сʱȥ侯սʿ½ӣжӳ棬ϣûзƵټ
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375 ʧ
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Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵˺üѧ˰ԵĹߣǳֻΣû裬ӲԵɱ˵ĵѧǲѧ
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378 ؤ־
Ŵٵʲôʱѧ̩Ĳöֵ֪ѡԵõǽýܾеŤҶɺļǵƽһնɱ߶ӹʱɹһɺŭ𣬵˾ϰԵʱȴôҲҲָо
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ոһʱתֹ˴£ҶѾѰսù죬Ե̲صֱ仯͸һʱľﲻҲνתɽҲΪ
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ֺҶȻڴӦ͹ȥһ֧Ʊתʽ𴢱ϣΪ͵ƶһƹƻɳר˰ѿ͵ĵ绰ַƷѡƬڱѧУҪͲ͵ҵַ֮տʼⱾ׬ߺȣһʮĿƲպͿ֮࣬ⱾѾܱһݿͳȥɱ׬һǮֻҪ·ԺܲԴ
˵ҶȫУ˵ôһ㣬һ绰ѿҶ͵ŴѦɵ˵ˣŴؿ֤һ취ֵܴͷһڡ
͵ʽӪҵһ죬Ҷϰ͵˵˵ǵһȴһ˼飬Ҷ͵һкܽתһ־벻ף˵Ҳʢʳ¿ŵļҵ˶̨
л֦ԾҲ޿ɺǣοҶ͵Ĳֹһе⣬ĿҪ͵ȥһݼʳͻﱸ꣬ССĿϷУпҪ꿪ȫ
Ͷʵҵֵһᣬڱпҵϴֱʣȥ缶⣬ӦйģĴڣǰѾλܲһڶͿҵ
װõǼĻʽһͲгһٸͲԱ׼ϣֻȿӪҵıһ죬ʱ׼ǧٷݿʹȫи
ŵʮ˷֣һܼ֣šҪԢ⣬ҶͷһشϲĴװ˳ಢվڵǰŴ׼ѺϿš
ıͲ٣ŴϵϼŶ³ŶϽŶ³˽իĪүҲйֳŴֳ꣬ʤڣ۵ϵʿҲͽǰأһīϵϵ飬һ͵꿪žȻ˽λϹϵĴ¬սҲһ˴۾
žžҶɺ͹˳࿦һ¶ϲߵĳλαȷ裬дõǹ˳ƳɵԵ裬𵹲רļλݸ֣׺ֻǺò裬ݸĿ
Ƶһ¥رķ䣬һż̨ԣĿͷСһˣӿŵһͿʼոֶͷСԭΪŵһⲻ̫ãÿͷǴǴӿֶѩƬæת
һʱԤﵽλܶ໹ǴҵаϼźϽţĶﲻ׼Ĺ˳ҲѩƬĶһ̷Ըӽ׼
һǧݿ׼ͳʱĶѾﵽǧ֮࣬ڶ󲿷ԸѧУҲһУһгͲЩˣͲ͵ĳֻá𱬡ݡ
ڶǧݿͳ˳³еļα׼ʽ˼ҿɶǴģһ˾ͳӪҵٱȻҪúдαһ
ǺſͻȻһֵ죬αѭȥϵıʱùؤһȺŷؤ


379 Ѳ
ؤݣƴÿڣһʮҲܻᱻǵ̸ЦǹϰһҲסԵĿ˶תͷſؤĶǼĽɫһ֪Ⱥؤֵģľ˶׮С鷳ҺĳĬƵľûվ¶
Ҷɺ͹˳ӳ˳һۣ첽ſڣ˳ؤ˸֣˵֪λǹµģ
һӺؤǰЦ˵ûйµģҶǹµġ
˳һ˵ܹãС꿪ŵӣλҪǻԷҺܻӭͼݱſڷ⡣
ؤЦ˵·ֲҵģȺڶߣ⣬ҪҵķţĲɣбôֵǴ߰
˳൭һЦ˵ֻô㴵ˣҪһɷ紵ȥС˾Ͳˡ
ؤЦЦƵ̧ͷЦЦĿͽȻһݣ˵Ȿǵʶʶҿɰѳ˵ǰͷλҪǶֵһָҲÿˡ
˳Ҳ𻰣ſ˳ҶɲǰͽȻתͷʳָ˶ؤŴڵķʵ壬ҪûһԼɳȥˤô㲻Υ
Ŵ걻ʵһͣҲ֪Сƺ«ﵽʲôҩ˰Ҳųû֫ϵĽӴȻΥôԼˤȥ
δ䣬ؤͻȻһӵ˳ȥףһ˴·룬һɫСγ֨ѽһɲͣǰһ亹Ͻһµӵܵ·ߣҪٳܿгǿǻҪġ
ڳû˭ҶɺʱְؤɣֶҲ̫˼ˡ
ؤصղվλãָҶɴ˵㣬ղŴҡ
ƨҶһȴؤĻǰһؿڰ׵λͣ˵綼û㣬СԼˤȥġ
ѽδ䣬ؤһֽӷ·𱻸ʻĿײϰ㵹˳ȥֱɳԶһһƤԣ˼û
ΧڵſڵؤǶɵˣһʱ䲻֪룬Ҷɻ߳ţ˵粻˭ĺôϹˤôԹñˡһ仰˵꣬ͥŲؤȺֻ죬ؤײǿɰ˳ȥˤ߻أֽŴʹ
硪мؤɣˤñʹ죬ʣµؤ¶ɫĬͻȻըĴӴܣش룬кüƷֻѹ˵ִл࣬Ʊֻ࣬ؼһš
ҶСƵߵƤԣؤǰӣ˵֪ղ˵ԼˤȥΥǸǱйֳҲ˵Ҫˤ·ϱײҲˣʵ˵ɾײƫ̱ʲôģΪưֵô
ؤ⻰ˣ촽˼²ʵˡ㡭ҪôſϷŹң˵ʱĿİͰͣ¶һĨŨŨĺɫ֪һ壬ϽĲܱסԷļһ
Ҷһ˿΢Ц˸Ĵָ˵ʵ˵ɣĸ۵£Ҳ˻ı⡣
ؤ˵ǻʢʳǵﾭǵһ컹иݵģǲˣ̲ˡ
̲ˣҶüͷһšǰЩڻϿһ飬иΪĿزֶΣǮһ̲˰ǿǿ֮ĹֻҪЩ̲Яߵ֤ʲôֶζЧĭηǻټһ֧֪ǲѪҺĺˮһ˼ǧֳֹ׳Ҳ޾ɫԷнԸտŵĿ͵ɻԴ
ʢʳǵﾭʶôһҶüͷšһ䣬ͻȻ̧ؤͷһǣ˵طղ˵ظһ顣
ؤظ˿һµӵ𣬸Ҷ߽˿͵š
ҶɽϹ˳Ŵһؤ˶¥䣬ؤѸղ˵ظһ飬ؽ찬̲˵ŵ顣
ƢĹ˳Ȼ¶һĨɫҧ˵̫۸ˣֻҪ˸Ҿа취Ը


380 ;
̲ѲĽɫͨ˺ǸںҲ˾㷸±ץҲûޣﲻܹأȥҽԺͷܳԹסĹʱַ˳ɶȺļܴһäһʱ֮û취
˳˵а취ԸҶɺŴٶо⣬ֵɴ۾·ڵȴ𰸡
˳Ҷɵ˸ɫվһԵؤһۣСҶӴӿڴͳųƱ˦˹ȥ˵ߣٿ㡣
ؤ¶һ˿ϲɫƱ˾˸һ뿪˷䡣
˳̾˿˵ſŻʢʳѾǵ˶֣Ҳ֪˻ǲҡ
Ҷɼʵ˴磬ղ˵а취Ըˣʲô취
˳˫΢У˵֮˱пɺֻ֮ҪЩҾа취ԸʢʳǼȻУͱһкݵģȤĻ
ŴĻûЦʵ˴磬ͱˣʲôж˵ֵҲǼʶ
˳൭һЦ˵ǰ˵̳սû뵽͵ҲҪƣǰиͽܣڱ˾Աô졭ԼķӸֵԽһ飬ֻҪȺ̲˸һһ̽ѵ
˳Ļֵ϶ЦݣŴҶһƣһ˷ܵ˵ⷨ˵ţ˾֢Ҳ죬˴ķӾץסԣԸЩƹˤİ̲˾͸úݺô֪ܸģȥʲôʢʳһأǸĳ߱ҧζ
ҶɿЦ˵ӺҲҴȰɣʵҵǾе֣룬͵ſŰ˵ԻʢʳûӰɣԺӰҲڿŵһһл°ɣĶͷֿ˶Իʢʳʲôô˲û˼ԴǱżӦòڳֻвŶ԰ɡ
СҶӽ׳һʣ˳ͬŴüѣʢʳǿŲã˵ǳһ¿ŵĿ͵갴˵ᱻɶ֣ͶʹģȺ嶼ûпɱԣϸһЩΡ
˳üͷ˵Ҷ˵ĺеʢʳǼҴҵ󣬷Ÿһ¿ŵĿ͵ȥղǸл˵Ļȫš
ŴһЦ˵ҪҶ͵ȥǸҹȥǸͷлûԶɭȥĵס˵ͳֻͨһ绰ɭ¥£ȥؤСһ
˳վҶɼ˵ûлͷȻѡ񿪵ҲҪȥˣ¥»пҪк
Ҷһͷ˵ҪҪãݺݳЩʹļһһ¥кˣСС粨ȥһæµ
æѾϾŵ㣬Ҷɿžüշغе·Ȼһ𣬸տʼû⣬ֻΪǳʲôʯͷһĶǰ׹⾰һţ飡һ죬͵һΣ̥ˡ
ҶɰһùǰУ֪ŲԶһ޵ֻ꣬ҪѳȥܿŪá
ʻжΣҶɺһӵȥֻһɫ˫ųͳ룬򿪳ȥ
ˡ˫ųͷݺײ˼ճβ޴ĳѼճƵǰʮף˫ųͷһȻѼճֱӶ˻
ճ¡һ׹µĿտϣͷŵسһεı״Ҫ϶
˫ų¹ʴͣ˾һ˫ͨˣĴһƿ߶Ⱦšƿǣҧԥһ°ƿڴյͷ˼ڣȻµľڼʻڣӿڴһͰ͵̳һǣŻݺݳ˼ڣȴŽ顣
һƼ¹ʣճڵ˾һ׮ǱȻģ׼Ϊһиۡ
˾˰֧̣ӿڴŲϸƬһݵŮһβ˾Ƭʧ˵ְΪ㱨ˡ˵˵ţͨۿᣬָ󿪵һƬڶƬһͦ˧ˣҲǸղűײŵľüճˡ
ˡͻȻ죬˾͵תͷ˫ͫȻһһϤƬϵһģһ


381 ӿڳ
˫ųϵľҶɣڳӱײŵһѾ֪һԤıĳ˴ҪСӳ͹һĻϣڼճײŵ˲˫ųԣڳһб
ҶƣƬϵŮûаӡΪʲôŮĸ׻˵ʲô֮Ļ¶ǵŪײźãڹǧ򱳲á
˵Բ۾Ҷɣ¶һּ˹Ƶı飬˰ңͻȻҧһľٶʼӡ
Ҷͷһ̧һȭ鳵ǰһ̽ȥȶԷһ˶ʱͷʹȥһпѾޱȣһƿбε
ۡѳͨ¹ʵˣҶ룬Ű˳˿첽뿪أ߬Ƭ
Ҷɰ˱£⳵ֱʦµԺĸԺﶼûеƣһյú͵Ҳ˹˷ҸϣָһѨת
ҶɣжʱŭĻ磬һŷ˫ֱαϣҧҶģֵһɱˡ
Ҷüͷ˵ΪʲôҪɱ㣿ղΪʲôҪײңһüճˤϣƣ⣬ҪǲŪ׾ݣϧûֵҩˮǶʡ鷳´μһҪŪЩòС
˫зһ㺧˵Ѫ˿ҧ˵ֻûײΪһⱨӦġ
ϡͿ˵˳ˣҶɼֱƵҪѪִӿڴͳһʻ֤˵ҿӦýжвɣҸʶʲôԩҲҪ̵ɵ˵ɣ
ҧЦ˵ûʲô˵ģֵھɱңҾ˹Ҳÿ㡣
ҶڳƻƣԷ֪ԭ򣬾ɱ֣ѹûʲô˹˳˵һ仰֮˱пɺ֮
Ҳʮˣ˵Եģʻ֤ĵַھòﻹʲôˣȫŪٰʲôĹǻ̳ùˣ
Ҷ¶һĨ֮ɫӿڴͳֻͨһ绰˵Ҷɣڽȥһ˽ɽ·һ˺ţһжļﻹʲôˣٲһŮôģҪΪʲôȥ졭
绰Ǵ¬ģСڶ࣬Ҫ졣
¬ӦãϽȥ飬Ϣ֪ͨ
ཡ绰ҶϣѾʹͷŭŤﻹźһǰСȥˣҲİ
ȥҼˣʲô
Ҷޱ˵ûʸ˵Ϊʱ㡣˵ְѼʻ֤ڵϣֱ߽˷䡣
˵Ҳ֣ȻٺУֻǵͷĬĬᡣ
ԼôһСʱ¬˸绰ѶԽһ飬ǿ˫ųʯģڿŬҾ㲻иŮж㣬ѧҵ¿ŵϼ¥η񲿾Ǵʯɥͼֵܾ¬ңѾ˵˫ų¹ʣ֡
ҶɵԸ˼ֻ߳䣬˵ֻ˸쵽ǰͲдһϵ
ӣɣ
˵̧ͷһĴ裬𣿡
ǻáãļСӺܿ˵ѣɡ
˵Щʣʶ׼ҶʱҶ˵绰ֻڴ˵ҺͬײҲԲ׷ҪʵشҼ⣬виʹ컰
ϵƤҳ鴤£⣬۵ҶɣĬ˰Ҳҧ˵ֻҪӦΪҵļˣҾͻش⡣
Ҷɹԥüͷ˵ãҿԴӦ㣬Ҫ˵ٻͱҵֵֺڡ
ҧͷ˵ʣҰ֪ȫ㣬̳ɣԷһץסѨΪӺֻѡЭ
ҶɵһЦӿڴͳһһŵţԼһʵ˭ҺŮģ
ԥһ£˵ӦһŮˣЩʧȥ˵Ŀ˾۵һ𣬸ҿһ¼˵һ仰Ƶطˮã类ˮͣ˵ˣȻϼ¥ͱʯûһжڱ󵷹
ģҾôһ˵Ҷɵһǵžڵϡ


382 Ѫ
׻˵ӿڳҶôҲ벻ڷСᱻãӲϼ¥ʯûԵͷϣǱ·˪ܻҪԩЩ޳ͷԵļһﶼˡ
ãҶ̵ǣʵŮ˳ʲôģԼ棿
Ů˸ǼŴֺͿī˵ϼ¥ʱ˱ݣԼǼĵطڻʢʳ¥
Ҷɵ̳һڣ³СȵȦʵΪһ仰ʯ͵ϼ¥ôŮұ𣿡
Ѫ˿һ˿ãܿת˷ɫ˵ǣѡ˳ľΪ˱ṩһЩϢǴұǵһһ
Ҷ̧һڶϣʵ˵Ҫҷ㣬ֻῪײһؿ
Ļ棬˻ߵĴᣬһײһΣҪΪ𣡡
Ҷ̧׼ɵļһһǣƸվٹͷȴͣ¶һ˿ı顣
Ӵ֮ѪƻģˮӾ񡭡Ժеʾ粻죬ƫƫڹһɤӡ
ҶɲûпȦΧƵ󣬽ʾԺ˼һƺһЩͳֻͨһ绰
ɭһ£ȥŪԺǰʦµǼԺӡ
绰ͷɭڴӦȥð춫
ͷȥԺ⴫죬ҶܹȥԺţɭһ˹˵Ҷ٣һ¾ˣ㣬ҩ궼ˣЩǴٴӶ³Ūġ
ҶɵͷлĿɭ뿪̷ԺڣѾһˮ͵¹
ŴͷӲƷ˳ģԼأɫ󵭻ƣҶҲ֪ⶫô󷨣鵶˻дһ鶪˹ˮ
һƢ˳ŹϵƮ˳㽥СܿȫˮУҶҨһˮŵһԴ߽˷䡣
ƣĶϵͷ˯ҶǰȥͻȻһסſڽʹ˲ˮȫ˽ȥ
˼ڣ³һЩˮɴ󲿷ˮѾ˳źܽθ³ҲˣһŭɫҶɴʵҺʲô
ҶɲķеĿ룬˵ҩûԵĶ˻ãϳȥٸˣû֪ôġ
ͻȻʹһʼɸһɷף·ڳĳּʹࡣ
ҶŶģͷһ̣λһΪŮĸ˿Ʋִ£˵ҲͦģˮûЧһ˶ղ˵ʲôٿ˶һģɱ޹
ۣͻȻſ³ȳޱȵĺѪ۰еĺѪ˿ѸȥŶҶɣ˰βҡͷ̾˿һûڵ˵֪޹أɲ֪ôľŮ˵ģҴˡ
Ҷɰ˿ǰ⿪סӣ˵ʵǱҩ¹ֲ㡣
ҩϵıٿȻ䣬šüͷƬ̣ͻȻ̧һģ˵ˣŮ˰ǽȥʢʳ¥ǷһƵƵ˵ĸҶ˵ŮвֶƭСӶֱܷˣҶ˲裬е˳Сġ
Ҷ¶һĨȻı飬һжѾֵŮ˰ϼ¥¹ееһ˵֪¹飬ȻԤȷŹӴ֮ѪʳͲˮǳԣһ߲ŵƵ¼񣬲֪г¡Ӵ֮Ѫҩʧǣ֪гһȺΪ˸ɱ֡
˵ģǵһֵģԲһֻҵȺˮȺ˷Ҷɸ𣬷롣
öŮˣҸʲôʲôԹҪҲſģ
Ҷ̾˿һƵĶ˶ţﰵ⣬ʲôʱһݵŮˣȻԸӣҪҵЩǹһˮС
һǸ˵Һļǵȥʳǵһٶˣ϶ǱصģҵʳǵƵ¼Ӧÿȷǵݡ
Ҷһͷ˵лл㣬ӵҲ׷ˣЩȥɣü˵ȼˡ


383 Ĳ
߶ҶֻصԺУһҪҪ죬ˮһٶ˺ˡӴ֮ѪҪ˻ָҪˮԸⶫҩЧҪ˲źá
æµһҹҶ˼ˮնʮгСͲһͷСװҩˮڣҿԺ͵⻹˼򣬾ó
峿ҶɽŴͿţװҩˮͲһ԰˳ȻֳŴ겦˸绰ϵĹ¼ҪĽһ飬ɾȥʢʳƵ¼ҪЩ鷳һ̵ʱҳȺǵסַʱȣйϵɵ
Ŵƽûֹ£һ̰ȥʢʳȡյƵ¼ֻҪҶɿ˿ͻᾡæڵ֮ǰСһҲǺõġ
ŴͿţһСҶӴ绰ȥҲ˸ȫ˭鶼ƵѪ
ŴǰҶɼһ˵Ҷӣôһ仰û֮ǰһɭСã⼸۸һ𣬹˽žˡ
Ҷɵ˵˶ٵ⣬Щ˱Ҳûʲôģ治ǡ
ţ˵ҿǸµҪǸץ˾Ͱ˶ȥ
Ŵ¶һĨζЦݣڿţͱһ˵Сӹģҿ˻ССںݺݺ£ٶȥˡ
СڣţһŴ٣ʵʲôСڣҪң˻ˡ
ŴһϷʵ˵С˽Ʒˡ裬Լ𣿡˵ʱһۣ촩ǽ˶㣬Сͦԡ
ţȻ򣬳Ŵٷ˸˵ɣҶӸղŲ˵ﱻôҪ䣬ҿɲճ
Ŵٹ°ͰȻ˵ƷζˣСںˣرŮˡճ̲һ仰е㲻ԣԸĺûʲôﲡ
ţͷЦ˵СڲŮˣר˰ɣ
Ŵٱɫ࣬˵ʱҶɿڴֻˣͳһŴĵ绰Ͻͨʵ壬ǲϢˣ
绰ͷŴӦһ˵ղȥ˴ϢƵ¼ѾõŶϻһϱȶԣȡ̵ʱҳЩ˵סַʣֻԼ취ˡ
Ҷһ˿ϲɫæ˵лл壬ΰһæʣµһ˽ġ
Ŵ˵ʵҪڱҲûʲôģѾȥʡˣˣߣСҪ͵㣬ͱ¨ӡ
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ͻϢҶɺŴ⣬оֵȥʡ٣˵ӦΪŴе˲Ŷԣ˵治ʲôϢ
ŴЦ˵ȥʡǶȱԺСʱԳ棬ѾͷҲڶ飬ҲһԲˡ
ҶǿЦЦŻͲ˵Ҿ͹ϲٷˡ
Ŵ˵ٿԣƾˣʵùʾͺãˣǰһᾡס
䣬绰ҶϡҶԵһۣ˵ϳһؼһȡ㶫˳֪ͨɩӷСġ
ˮСһų̋վһˣԶ۲бһǴĪڻĹ̩ϡǳĪʲۺ񣬱Ҳ൱λİֻҪʮ׷Χڶᱻڸͷĵ԰ָ߼Ȯͽ׳ĴһĻȴ
˾˾ͽ׸գⴱűΪ˼ĪңÿԶڿĪ˳ʱҧгݣΪӱͷһֱûͣһҪ˺ӵ˸ѪĴۡ
˾ͽ׸ؽӶɱĪλߣ鲢ǰ˳дɱĪҹߵûаϢпǸƻ϶ã˾ͽ洫ѥһʶҲһֿܣ϶ѾĪҹϡ
˾ͽ׸֪ϣȫڱϣڻߺⴱĪҲԶıС˵űֻеƾǷĪ˵ĶֻҪĪһλǿԮܿͿԲȡжӣܽˡ
֣һˡ
˾ͽշеԶתŮԼϴһܲгĺɫ֡


384 Ԫж
˾ͽ绺ߵ׸ǰСȡһСݸ˸ס
˾ͽ׸սӹ˼£˸˫۽СĻϳֵĻ棬һüճ˫ųݺײúһԵĻһˣһȭ˫ųʻҲѻԲѵ˾ߡƵֻж̶ӣһޱȡ
ҶСӻˣͨҪɱһ߲ס
˾ͽ׸յ͵̾˿еݸŮѾȷĪλ书ǿĹ߲ڱҶСҲһߣṈ̀СøĪϪ鼫ã֪ĪҳµһϹԮĿ϶ҶСӣİʯߵƻܻܿṦһ
˾ͽӹַŽ˵ҶСӹߵףұ񣬹⿿ЩͨǲܵģѾҵźܿͻ鵽Щϡ
˾ͽ׸Ц˵鵽ҲûãҵЩ˻ָǵİ취Щһɺܴ鷳ֶԸʱӦþ͵ˡ
˾ͽüͷ΢ڵ촽˼лȴû˵ڣҶɸʤĪˣȻ˱ˣҶһ仰ȴİˣһУʱ˿г޵Ѿѿ룬һðĳֻ֮аҶʬγ֮Żή
˾ͽ׸ųĬŮе⻺ɢȥߵǰͷĦţ˵磬֪ίˣĪҰְһǸ϶Ϊ㱨𡣡
˾ͽһۿ⣬˵֣²ǸҶСӡ
˾ͽ׸ժŮĿ֣ϵƤС鴤˼£˾ͽΪߣϵƤƱ˹һ㣬ȫǰɫСÿһӶ㶹С촽Ҳźü毺õŮ˾ɲĹģⶼǰǴ϶͡
Ůְһ϶ܶѡ
˾ͽ׸ҧгݣָĦŮϵС絶ʣ֪ԼյɵйȲֵһᣬʹ˰ֻ֣ҪһڣŮװױ۸
˾ͽһʹҡҡͷ˵֣ⲻ²ԼܴӴӸ飬ֻΪ籨𡣡
˾ͽ׸һŭݣʵ磬˵ĴӴӵʲôͲְܸ߰ô
˾ͽ˫Ŵ⣬˵ӴһСȣΪ籨͸һϵĶȻҲȥʵ˵ˣΪӴӵҵϵĶҲһԽԽأκθ߿ƼֶҲָܻǰòǴۣĴۡ
ŮĻ˾ͽ׸ŭлͣ˵طϢɣҪˣҪȥӭӡ
˾ͽ򴽵˵ͷϵĿתԼȥ
ҶɼʶŴİ̶Сʱһϸ͵ϣбŮȥۻ˵ַˣ̾ӳ½ƣǷЭҶɵģЭʵϼӵζŨһЩžֳεͷֳʲô״
Ҷɽ¬ϵӡ˼ʮݣȡʮͲһ𽻸ҼٸСܰ£ֳһ飬ʲô취һҪͲҩˮÿߵ绰绰Ҷ͵ģ½ڵ绰Գ䵱ѽԱĽɫмûȷеַȷЩ˶ڱֻҪҾҳ
¬Ŷ̰Ű£Ҷϴ²ˬ컹Ǯ׬СǣһѸٷùҩˮÿСȡٿ·ѣʲôֶζҪͲҩˮ䵽Ŀ
Сʱȥиɳӵʮ绰˵ͬС죬˵⵽һСӽٳ֣һͲװҩˮӲԼҩˮԼһٿǮ˵ʲôлϣܽʽⶾкôб绰Ķ⵵顣
ӵɳ̳ɶԷѾ֮󼪣˺ȹϺ󲻾Ż³һЩȳޱȵѪˮоƺ˲٣мصȥҽԺһ£ûκ⣬Ҳ˰
ӵٱץո˹ҩˮС죬ΪͷĻþǲͨһ绰룬̾Ӹӳ½ƶԴ˽ͣҩˮ˶һֺصĴȾְֻ취̵ʱڰҽΣ˴жⲿŷ𣬱оȫϣ˴жΪԪж


385 ˾ʦֶ
СⲿŹӶʱУ̾ӳ͹ֳţɳľֻܹԹԷˣԪж˳С
Ҷ͵һǵķĸˣǰһ輸㣬ţθڲѣһ˺üڲų꣬Ҷɲ豭԰һֻʱ豭ǳǳһַ£ĲˮѾ͸ڵϢٺҲûƷ顣
˳һƵװ׿ýζⱾŴͷӲƷ˳ģ˵Ǵ͢Ķ뵱ͷӿǻ˴ǮģŴΪҪڻ˵ܷӳãڲƷмֱ˷ѣ׼һ˳ǣ˹˳ֻ࣬˶̶һͳɹסλĿ⣬öþҶ͵ͳĿͺԵǰʵζȡ
㣬¬˳ܽ˵ͬʱҲһĵϢٲȫҩˮҶɸ֮佱һʱͻȻһֻÅһǹ죬Ͼ¶һĨɫΨй˳ɫ糣еĲ׵˵̲ˡ
Ҷɹϵ绰վ˳ֶ̧һЦ˵ǾͲóȥ˽
ŴЦʵ˺׾սǹҲµûӦǾ˰ɣ
˳˸Ĵָ޵Ķ䣬һͽܣȺӦȥ᳡·ϡ
᳡Ҷ¶һĨ㵵ı飬üʵò˰İ̲ȫץȥ𻯰ɣ
֢Ĳַ׬Ǯȷɶ񣬵ôҲﲻ˳˰Ѳȫȥ᳡Ҳδ̫ˡ
˳Ц˵𻯲ڣǴȥ¯ǰվһվԺҲﵷˣһֻЩֶΣҲû취顣
ҶɻȻЦǰﲡ˴¯ǰһȦֻ»ųǹĻָʹٷŻȥ
˳̾˿˵˲Ҳˣ밲˱ƣΪԱֻЩֶΣҶӣ¶ɱɩ˵Ҳġ
Ҷ˵ͷظ֤ģҲ˵
ʱ䲻֪ȥһͷ߽һλĿ٣첽ߵԣɨһԼˣ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫ
˳൭һЦʲôֻ˵ûˡ
ٵ˵鶼ˣָʹﵷҵ־ڻʢʳξһӦǸΪڽ뻪ʢʳǰһ¥ĸǼ¥һصȻѣʱݼ٣ӦƸ뻪ʢʳǡ
Ҷüͷһšʵ˵Ĵ¥ϼ¥ɣ
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¬Ŀһѹ˵кü˼˸ǸĹһͲô
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ȥм׵ֵܣĹһͲҪ졣
УϽȥ졣¬Ӧһ첽ſȥ
ҶһְۣĿת˳࣬˵ʦѾ˼Щȥ˻ʢʳǣĶҲˣʲôҪԸģ
˳൭һЦ˵ԸûˣԺҲҪٽʦ㻹ѧҵǿԽһλʦ
һ˵һΪʦΪǲ书Զֵʦ
˳¶һĨοЦݣָָ̧Ҷ˵ְλҶʦ壬ᣬһҵʤָ֣Ĺһܰٳ߸ͷһ
תҶɣ˼ͻȻźһľ˸׼Ӱ˵ּҶʦ壬ʦָ㡣
ҶɱͻıŪһ£˼ڨЦ˵ǼèĹʸָˣ˴˵Цġ
Ŵͱһ£˵СɵϵĻУΣھҲǺʦ岻ײ
˳΢΢һЦ˵ڱо˾ԱΪ˼壬λϾʱָֹҲĸҶŴˣһж֮ҪλܰԼ̽ͽܣһúͽǳ
ŴҲӣЦ˵ָû⣬Ҳýһʦɶİɣһ㶼顣
˳ЦǺǵ˵֣λʦ壬ˣ񡣡
¶һĨϲɫһתŴپ˸׼񣬳˵ּʦ壬ʦָ㡣


386 ͽ
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һϣŴֵúϲ£죬˵ãȣھʹȥŵĹһԶ̸㡣
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Ҷ˼һ£תͷԹ˳˵˴磬ҲȥˣҪʲôʱҵ绰
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Ҷչסţ򣬳˼۾ʵҲѧ򣿡
ţϳһҧ´ն˵룬ζ롣ԴǴ̾ƵʶֵܵĹѧͷһ𳤴ĺֲֵ֪ôڣԺζΪ֣ϧһֻ漸
Ҷ̾˿˵С룬ѧֱ˵ͽˣҴȥʱɣҽ㡣
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һſڣֺͿţǵһ߽ʱ˫۾Ȼһռ£е뱸ʮ˰һӦȫ߽ܸܵһŨŨϢﻹϢҺϴԡ䣬ĺõط
ŴڷһƸƤˣҪѨλбעվλԱŴܣװżְķڷɵ޼ŷţŴСɵ˵࣬ȻһͺȣҪһ۾һġ
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Ŵ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ŵ컨ҪѧҿԽ㡣
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νмһ֣֪ûУһְ¯ݲΪõǷ룬ȷɵѼԦһڸŴ٣еӵģһ㹦Ҳȥѧ
ŴƲƲ죬˵Сӣó汾Ҳʦ壬˵ִӳץһѷ˦Ƥˣת߳˰ಡʮȫƤϣֶһ϶ʱ¶һĨڵϲɫзȫƤλ˫ۺؿڣÿһ¶һǶŰѧ컨ꡭ
ˡţžͰȥ£Ļȭһɳͺ䣬СȭһĴɳõǧ
ҶɱŸ첲վһԣüͷźֵܸɳϾﰵ˼⣬ţһͨҲδҪǰͰĽ˵û˼̵ʱܵЧҪôأ
ѽţ˫ĿԲȻһȣȭݺݵɳֻһ죬ɳȻһϸɳ˳Ŵ£ڵϻһСѡ
ͣҶƲƲ죬ͻȻ̧ڷĿţһǣû˵СӾǸȥöѵɨɾ˵һ룬Ժһ˴粻ǸһȭôŹֱǸţİ
ţӣһҶɣ˵Ҷһ㶼죬ܸɨصĶô
ɨƨҶͻȻһסţ첲һ˷ܵ˵ҵһʺĹ򣬰ȭ
ţŰɵźֵܣ˵ȭǸȫˣҶӣǹأ


387 ǹ
ǹ˳ͽܣ׷ǳۺһ㹦ۣȻ컨ַмڴλǹе򽻵ľ˾Ҳûп˼ϣõָ㣬ŴҲʤ֮ģŻһѹ׵Ṧаٱ䣬ֻؾޣԼѷӳаٱ֮ɺֵҶһ飬϶ʦֶ۾
ҶְֵĽֵ̺ܿţȭͷţƽʱͷԣȭȴ츳һһŬѧ̶һСʱţӾ˰ȭʽҪֻҪڼϰܿŰԵ͵ȭ
ţûκڹȫƾʹȭһȭʮ㣬ûڹҲܷӳȭ
üһװȭǸĹ򣬵ȭٰ̫һԪ̸Ҷһ˷ܵźֵܴȭﲻͣ߶䲻һ˼ϣžͷһתŴٺվ
ŴڳдȭĿţ¶һ˿ɣ޵һͷţһĹȻܰѰȭ治Сô̵ģ
Ҷǹһ˿Цݣ˵װȭţݣζͽͣ׼ʽҪ͸ٽ̫һԪԺҲǸ֡
ŴƲƲ죬˵СܵãͷڳаٱһʦֶۣܵԽԽá
Ҷ¶һ˿ı飬ʵаٱ㲻ҲôΪʲôҳͷ
ŴڨڨһЦƫͷ˵µĹС䣬úһȦĵ˷ݶ
ҶɺܿŴٵ˼΢Ц˵ȥмʮ˸ƤˣÿƤϷŵ㶫̵ʱаٱѶûͺá
Ŵ˫һЦ˵취ţҽʦֶ¶˵תְ˰˵ʶҶʦаٱҪ飬ȥѰƤ˰ἸںãȻÿƤϷŵ㶫ʲôԡ
ǣӦһ첽߽ʮƤ˰ڳһSλߣȻÿƤзһ룬ڷƤ˿ṦһѶȣһвɫλʦվ
ŴϷƵͳһҶɻ˻ΣЦ˵Ҷӣˡ
ҶɵһЦ˵ʼɣҾƤһȦˡ
Ŵ߾Це˵׼ʼ¶˲䣬ҶɻһӰƤˣ½ɲ䱻һɼ絴
һ죬ҶѾ΢ЦصԭλŴһæָĶȴѾ˰ġ
аٱġҶɵЦ˵һ䣬ȭƽָ̧չֻöһ죬ʮĴֱء
¶һĨı飬Ҷɴ־˸ʮȹ˵ҶʦаٱṦ£
ҶڨЦŰ˰˵ȽſЩѣûʲôģаٱٺҲܲסǹɨ˵ĿǴʵһֱǹеַĵη壬ӵиָ߿Ƽʱͨ书Ըǹе⣬ڶǹֻ¹ҲҪͻͻвͻᱻ©ס
һɫ˵Ҷʦǫˣʵǹеʼǽ˵ĻǹҲҪ۶ڳǹ߿۶˲ʹаٱṦȫпܱܿӵɨ䡣
ҶɲΪȻ˵ǹĸֿ۶ʱҪһ룬ͬʱ۶ɨ䣬ṦٸҲǰ״
˵Ҷǹľ֤ڿ۶ǰֱۼеĳǹǰ㣬еĳǹᷢı䣬Ҳеĳǹ촽΢΢ſֻܶ࣬Ҫ۲ҳвͬǰֲйһǹָڶֿǹǰӦǵöǰһӰкڿ͵۹вǹӰ
Ϊһ߼٣֪һЩλСʦ֪Ķǹʵڵģۼͨǹĸ֣һֲӵǹָ¹̵ӡ޷
ŴЦ˵ǰҲ˵ǹǹֿǹʵ䣬һд˺ˡ
Ҷüͷ˵ǹСԲϾͻ
Ц˵ҶʦҪǹҿԽͼӵͼרǹӵⲻǱӵлʹصᵱݿˣǹһ㶼ӵ
Ҷ˫էһ˷ܵ˵ðӵһҪһǹ


388 
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ҶɶǹŨȤ޲Ͼְǹӵùϰ˼εõһƵϢӵǹҪܵ
ţһֱʵʵȭ罬ҲͣЪһЪҶʵڿȥˣǰһͨưĵڵء
ţӣȭһգСʽûڹҲѷӳȭȫڽһڹ̫һԪֻ޲ܰȭȫӳ
ҶһĽڿţ̫һԪСӶڹƺȤȱȱ˼ʹ˹ǷҡͷԻ˯ǰȭʱľͷȻ޴棬вûСҶֻܽһһ䣬һǣ̷ǰóɷͷҲѧڹ
ֺҶѧ䣬λҶʦƺڽͷţֻ᱾ʦֽаٱҪ֪Ѿڡ
ʮ㣬¬绰ҶһϢֵǷϱڴס־һͲҩˮǼһҲѾҵһȻںСſڣҲץӲͲҩˮźǸֵŮʼûϢѾѿŮһЩϽϰ֣λϵϴ󷢺ȥˣֻҪϢ֪ͨһҪȡԴͷϡ
Ҷϵ绰첽ߵϰаٱ˸ǰ˵ʱ䲻ˣҲûؼˣ컹Ҫѧ
Ц˵Ҳˣ˳ʹһ̡
ŴĨһѶͷϵĺ˵УǴһ߰ɣҲȥ˯ͷԼ˼ȥɽ
Ҷת߹ȥϿţһ뿪ְ͵ס뿪þ˾ʹ˾ʵѵá
һҹȥѧУγԽҶѭ浸ؿ̿ѧϰɼҲ꼶ǰʮ£СٻĳɼȾ꼶һǰѧֻӵڶ
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ҶƲƲõ˵Сһȥδ䣬ѾӳУŷʻȥ
ҵĳ൱ƽȣԼô˰Сʱ⾰ͣһ¥ǰҶ³̧ͷһ۴¥кüʮ㣬Ҳ֪Сƺ«ʲôҩ
˵ݣֱʮ¥մӵųߴر죬Ÿֲʴͷ˹Ҷɵ㶵ŶԼʴŮԴһ£̧ͷȥֻݿһ׺ֵӣף޹˾Ŵ󼪡
飿ⲻǡ򡯵гôҶɻȻ򣬸Һϻ￪繫˾ʽŵӣϰĻڹ
Ҷܺã
ҶʺãȻǳμ棬˴˶ˣշǳǢ
ЦЦٴ˵ҰѶʮźʮȫ¹˾ӽʽƳÿһλITӢ־Ҫڻһҵƽ̨Ǵҵ룬һҪȫĸϽƽ̨Ѿʮҵפƽ̨ÿĽͻǧԪŲöãǻᴴһĵ칷Ҵƽ̨㶦
Ҷɲʲô񣬵֪ҵСüɫ֪϶˳˳ˮ˦ƹͺã׬ǮΣҲԼҵ
ƽ̨ʵѾһʱ䣬ҰһмľӢеһƽ̨Լ֧ʽླྀҲԼڲཱͨңд¥ΪԺ㣬ŲöãӵԼİ칫¥ҰģҪԻΪİƽ̨ӵȫ磬һֵĵ
ҽ˽һλнӹһƿľƣҲľֻܿЦŰƿӵݸԵҶɣ˵ϸ첲ϸȵĸ㲻⣬
ҶɵһЦƿһֻ鵶ӵƿ˹ȥ꣡ƿͬľһ


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һ̷ְԱҶɵƿסˣ̲סɤӴһ
Ҷ˧ˣ
һڿ۾ŮְԱ۾ƬСģźߡ
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䣬ҶģһԾڿת鵶һ׹׼ȷƿ죬ƿأƿ׸߸߾˫ء
СƽͷְԱ첽ߵǰӵϼƿһȶһ£˷ܵ⣬ܿŵĴ˵ˣƿһ
ۣҶġ
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ҶЦӯӯĸҵľƣף¹˾ɣλδѵܣһȺְԱ˾³ȺעҪڻдһƬԼա
ҿǰҶɵļ򣬹Թ˵Ҿ֪С˻ͷʧ߰ʧߡ
Ҷȡ˸߽ű˰뱭ƵݸңƤգһ۾˵иȺڴһƬô˦ƹ񡣡ȺITӢһоرãһŶӣһȺ۵һΪҵƴĻ飬ֻҪǾһͻ᲻֪һֻȾ˽סС
΢Ц˵ڶ¿ŵ¥λӣ극һȥ裬ҺúþһۣԺҸ׼һŰ칫ңҲһӡ
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ְԱһ󻶺Ѹʰö˵¥ϰٺһӿ¥Ԥȶ˼ᣬʽҲѾ׵ֻȴܴá
¥Աдҽ̵ϲˣϸĵҷһ⣬ԭĴᣬڳĴСмһ˵ĴȻˣǹ˾ŵӣԭͼĴϡͿռˣƢٺҲо
½һ⴮Ҷһ⴮ҧһڣüͷȻϣƾľھͳԳ⣬ʲôͲö֪ˣе⴮ƫͷҶߵ˼Ȼ߳˰ᣬһȦ첽߽˺
æȻ죬СʰһӻҺĶֻһСִץһֱֻһѴһ¼ͷƤצһǳɣʰֱӶһŽһλССɿ޹⣬ת۹ͰһֻŪʮС飬ǩ÷ʢϵĴͰ⴮ҡһ⴮
ҶɴǰһУԺ뵽һЦи⴮ĵ̯ԹһͷС̿ð͵Ŀ⴮ֱ޵һֻС˹ֻССʵû¹ڿ̯ǰʲô
Сĵ˵ء̿濾衣
С˸˵޸ëúõģʵ濾裬ҪҲް
ЦﶺȤ¶ʵǰ̼Ϊ˽ʡɱץϵ⣬ϸ̿𿾹ټϵζ㾫ͨ˸ֱ治Ҷǰھֱܷȱͷʱŭա
ιʲôģطлιۡһֺʦķߵҶɸǰ˵ʱƬⶶͣ
ҶɵһЦָŽװĴʵ⣬˵ططҲ湻ȱµġ
ֳʦһĥҶɸǰ˵ⶼ⣬Сӱ¡
ҶɱˣЦ˵ô˵ⶼһ԰ɣҾļƬȥЩƣԸԸ⸶Ǯ˵껹ͳֳֻʦ˻ΣָĻϻ˼׼ա
СƤǰɣӽѰƤֳʦЦͻȻеĥҶͷȥһϺмĥճ˺ϧҴˡ
Ҷɲܣ˻ŵͷµĥͻȻֳֻ̧ʦһ꣡һ׹һɱĲҽС


390 ־໤
ֳʦôҲŪΪʲôȥĥͻȻԼϣʹѪɣĥͨ˵ϣ۹ֽС
˰ᰡ
ҶɲŲæֻװӴͰ˺üƬֻڴһתߣԺһͷҲ֪˶͵Ϯ
ˣιһҽУҶתͷһۣһնڵϴиѪߦȣղҲߦƹϣѸ˸ô˵ĵԺ˵ܷ硣
Ҷһɨ¯Լư˵ĳʦһʵľ˵ƹвֻԴӲӲ䣬̧һ䣬磡ʵľһ죬һ˲ķѡ
ĳʦʱɵۣϽϵļһͷǱκ˶ŰķҪǱһȥҽԺʡˣֱ̧ȥ᳡ˣСֻһ˭ҲˮƯ
Ҷɴǳ˳˳ְֻƬ˼СַһˣϴҶ͵꿪ʱһ棬Ҳ֪¶᲻ܣ
ߵԣ洫һҵһǳϤǺֵҵ¹˲ö첽˽ȥ
һɫְҵװŮ࣬𿴺Ӹƽʱ˵ݣǰŮһģŮ˴һƣ磬ְԱϴŷɫŮ˻Ȼ壬ͦؾ͸ͷϰϾ
Ҳ֪õʲô⣬Բ⡣ҿҶɽţǺ϶ʱ¶һĨɵЦݣǰĵŮˣֵа취
һЦѵ⣿ѹģⶼ˿֪ϰ죬һ䡣
ȥѪɫֳ˵ƭߵΪҿЩʣµ⴮ȥ
Ŷ¶һĨȻı飬ʵ㶼˵Щ⴮⴮ȥѲɾͻô
㡭ǿʶҳױŮһסˣһʱ侹֪ôվſڵĳ¶һͬı飬ĹЦ
˫һ˵ҿǱ˸᲻ˬˣҲ磬Ҳ¸㣬ǰιֳбȥȥ
ιֳж£ȳ⻹ô
Ҷվſһ֣̲סһ䣬Ͼֳûߣ¾ֳѾˣ˵λ¾ֳľ¥ĳЩ֪ϵ
ɫһ䣬͵תͷſбһˣղһڽг⴮ʵϵľˣ˿ǿƽסеľ㵣ſڴ˵⣿ƿ⴮ǵƲˣÿҪ󼸰ٷݣô⣿
ҶɵЦ˵ץ򵥣ʲôվްˮ¥ֻҪ׬ǮιҲν
С£ͻȻʲôͷ˵˵ˣݷ̰Ųھͽоץ
дһвζƺҲӲ֤ҶɵĲ²⣬Ҿ¥ˡ
ҶɴӿڴͳֶֻԶ˻ΣЦ˵԰ɣǸӰߣղɽ˼Ƭ֪ûȤһأ
Ӱߣɫ䣬̤Ÿ߸ЬҴǰ˼Բ˫۽ŶֻСѾһƬһʮֻƬתһŽһװ˵ζϵĴͰѾȷǰȥЩȻĵƬֱ͸ˡ
Ҷɰֻ˿ڴЦе˵ƬҲˣð⣬ȱµóƬѾһܹµˣӦûܿɣ䣬ǹһ˿ЦݣΪһȺ˴˽ǰľƬˣʳƷҩƷලֳֵǹġ
ֳսţ˵Ĵ߳һɽװˣҶɴνйֵĲ鸱ֳžŴߺµλӡ
ֳ첽ߵֳǰĴ˸к̸ֵ˼䣬Ϊ̫ԶҶɸ˵Щʲôֵ鷢ˣֳȥ飬Ǵڴת˼ȦװǻƵļһ;ʲôģԲֳ˸ɫҪ뿪
ֳλӻûȾͰģ¥ʲôϵһƴλֳУɫٿȻһ䡣


391 
ֳƤҳ鴤˼£ͷ˼̧ͷ϶һĨƵЦݣתҶɱŰбһſڣЦЦԼֳͷһģײʲôаôҶСӣ¾ɽĽڹǧܱסʹš
뵽ֳߵֳԣͷһƫ˵¥鲻øӣ¹ɣ
ֳҲ˰ſڵҶɣҶ͵꿪ǱǰιֳŴȥģʱ²λҶĿ͵ϰ嵽Ǹʲô˲кڰ̶ҪǰףأڵſڱᵷؤŴ޵ᵽλǸд󱳾Ҳȥ˸죬ֳһ˵ʱᣬ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
ֳ΢ЦⲽҶɸǰ˵Ҷ٣þòһᡣ
ҶҲ֣˵ֳľƵҲ̧֪ͷѹˣ簡
ֳϵЦȻһü˵ҲԷŵģʲôȫ֪飬Ҷٰѻ˵ס
ҶǹһĨ仡һֳָ˵⵱ƬѾֳˣ˵ôɣ
ֳתͷѯʵֳʵô
ֳͷ˵Ƭյдʵ˵תԴļԱ˸ƣ˵Ǽȥ飬صע⡣
ԱжҴҳȥ
վڰڵĶɫ粻˼һҧߵֳǰ˵ֳð⣬
ֳһ˵û˵Ĳ㣬ҪԺ֪ƭߵϢ
ҧҧͻȻתߵץʣµĿ⴮̻ŮͽСֿͣһݿ⴮ͱ˸һҲû¡
ҶɲɫĿݣֱ⴮ȫԶƵʵʲôФģ
תͷһۣģ𣿡
ҶЦе˵û⣬һΪèģſˮˣˣǻһëأ
¶һĨɫʶһѣ͵ĻعݺݵҶһۣ֪¥ϰֳϵһ㣬Ϊһ赣ġ
ලֵĹԱ˹󻹸׵ĳʦһ̬ŮˣŮԼôʮͣò毺ãְζ¥ϰ巽֥ôϰĲ⣬ֳʱ¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
һԱߵֳǰ˵Ѿϸûɱ󣬵Ǽʦ˴ˡ
ֳ˵˵鲻ǹܵģȻʳƷûͲٲˡ˵ʱ߲һԵĲֳϷôˡ
ֳʦͻȻǰָҶɴ˵Ӳ˵ð⣬ǰۣͶִˣѾˣ
һʦҲǰǻ򣬴˲㻹һŰ˶֤вҪǣһҪץ
ҶɱŰ΢Ц˳˫ɣĿⲻɨֳӣֳһѾɫһ۲ֳ˵ֳˣе˵ߵڰʵᣬ˵˸ò᣿
ֳϵļҳ鴤£˵Ƿᣬ㲻Ҫ̫ݡδ䣬ʦͬʱһҽУѾ˺ݺݳһơ
žžžžҶ˫磬ʦһͳ飬ðѪ˫ոףײײ˼һƨ˵ϣɴ˫ŶҶɣְܿתϰ巽֥
ͣŹֳˣҲ͵ЩˣһźֵҶɣ¶һ˿ŨŨɫ
ҶȭͷʦǴһ˿Ц֪һֽţΨһİ취Ǵʦҳͻƿڣ˽һضˡ
ʦŵɫ˲ϵʹƳŵˣ˲ףһ˫ͬʱסǲӡ
Ҷɶʮָ³ͷͷǰһѹ˵ʶֳɣʵǣڰǻҲҷŸƨʶľͰ˵кܶ෨ǡ


392 ɱȻ
ʦŵû겻壬Ƕ֪ǰǲֳҲǲĺݽɫ˷Űۣ·ĳĬƵͷ
ҶָԷɣʵ˵ɣʣµ
ƵֳʦĿİͰ͵˵󡭡ڡĴ׸
Ҷ¶һЦݣתͷֳ˵ˣ鷳˹ȥҡ
ֳԵĹԱ˵ǻʲôȥҡලֹԱγѰع
ߣֳ˸ûȤһ첽¥ſȥˣֻΣ뿪õѡ
ڲֳ߳¥ŵĵڣලֹ첽أϷֱһװĴһװϵĴͰ
ֳǰϵĶ£һԱһ˵ҵˣ¥ȻðۣЩԴҲ鵽ˣǴӼǮһģÿ۵ٽ
ֳ¶һĨŭݣ˵ð⣬ֱǰϰ彡Ϸͣҵ֪ͨ飬Ҫصķ
֥ҧҧǰָŶʵ⵽ô£ô⣿
¶һĨҵɫԥ˼ҧŴ˵ЩΪ׬Աһðİ취Ҳǰ֪
һҾ¥ÿţʹ൱ɹۣرڶ˲ʳ͵۵ÿܻȡԪ棬Ա໥ᣬһõ൱ɹۣʵûѻ˵ȫĲֹ⣬вţ⣬˷һ׮ͳɱĺ¶
ֳ֥ʹļ׵˵֣Ϊϰ帺вжΣϷͣҵġ
ֳһ˵֮ǰҪó˿͵Ǹ÷һҪڲҲ֣˿ͳֲӦ븺𵽵ס
֥˵ͷҶһһϿҵ˵εҴ¥λǸԲ𡣡
Ҷüͷ˵Ū˲ԣԺҪƾġ
֥˵Բ⣬¼ÿһȫˣұ֤ԺҲ飬˵ʲôҲûãΪεþ¥ҲˣλĶҽ˹ٴθλ˵Բ𡣡
ҶӣƫͷյҶߵ˵ӣ˵¶ô
ҷ˸˵ɱ˲ͷأ˴ҲˣҲû˼£ҸطٳԹ
ҶɵһЦԷ֥˰ֵȻ˼ôˣԺȱ¡
֥ͷ˵ұ֤Ժٲ飬ȥ˶ĵ飬ʧ㡣˵ת첽̨ȥͷҲ첽˹ȥ
վһԵֳҶЦЦ˵Ҷٷģһṫ¹죬ֻҪһûĵλͲܼӪҵ
ҶɵЦŵ˵ͷ˵ǾͶлˣ̯˭᲻ˬƢãЦˡ
ֳЦ˵飬Ҳҿ㣬򻹲֪жҪ⣬ʱڶˣҾһԺʱϵ
Ҷ˵⻰ҼסˣֻҪʱ鷳ͺá
ֳϵıȻһͣ˼ٺٸЦת뿪治Ը鷳˵ϡͿԸͷ쵽λֻһԭ򣬲й޹
ҶתС߽ᣬڲԵְԱڨڨһЦ˵дұôٷûԺãỻһҸ߶˴ϵεľƵ³Թ͡
Ҷܣ㵽ʲôˣĳڱĺôһСƽͷְԱָƱϵ۾ͻȻʣɫһࡣ
ҿҶһĳȨڱûǸʲôֳèô
һ̷۾ÿӷ˷ǰҶɣ֮۾Ƭȼա
ʶֳȫвۣžֳȥʡιֳҶܣ㵽ʲô̫ˡ
ҶɸϽִϣЦ˵סҾǸ͵Сϰ壬мǮǴɿһ𳤴ĺֵܣͶɣôˣǴҶḻĻѧԴǧᴦ밡
̨꣬߹һƷŮˣһƱңʱԤĶ𣬰ϰԸȫ˻ҶһȺְԱ߳¥ŵ˲䣬󾱹һ󳹹ǵĺ硣


393 
ҶٿȻת˫ĿƵɨܣûзκ쳣ԴӲ֮ĸйҲ࣬ղ˲ֵΣǾԲģǷһ絶ɱһĲɱļһڰжԼҪӼСĲźá
ΣݷһԣŵҪ֣ͷһر˽ܵҶɴһȺְԱһԺ־ȫĺõطҹܻᣬԶѡԭһҶɽΪϤֳгкܳ裬ְԱǳͷž¬һֵܣҲܵһʱնԷĶʱ̷ȡɴࡣ
һ߽ҹܻţҶһ۾Ϳվڷ̨ԣŴԴһ۵Ůĵ𾢣Ѿǰᣬѹҹܻᵱ˵ڶңѧҲɹɼһǧɣȰ˼Ҳˣ˸־ǿá
ҶɹŲߵֻ˵ãֻҪ˴Ժ󱣹ܳĺģڹû˸Ҷһͷ˿
оõŮѾҶɣ˵磬ʵѾˣֻҪڹҲû˶һͷ
һ˵ɣ軹бȴţBĽǶ¬Ǽһ﷢û˼ŮˣѲģʽ棿
¶һĨЦݣʵ֪ʲôأ
ٺЦ˵Ͳ˰ɣ֪ʶȣŮһСһȡŮûȣŮһֻĥɲô
úܿ˼ϷһĨ죬ûһ˵ǸҶϴվ󡣡
ЦһƲ˵ɣС˼Ҳڴǰ԰ڣҶϴҪǵ˵һʱš
žһѴõð˰磬תͷߴһϤȻҪ㣬ҪҪԣ
𣡡ͷתһɬ˵ϴ治֪Ĳ˰žһǱָϣ˵һĻֱûȥء
Ҷɵһۣû˵ٺǴǹԷģСϽ˹һ£͡һ仰˵ͻȻסĴֲӹСֹ˼䣬˳Ĵ¡
ĵ˵ͷ˵Уͽ˰š˵תһܹȥԱǰŴȥòͣҶ˼ҡ
˼ҶɺʺãŶе죬һʱ벻
ЦŽܵϴҹܻҶԼֵ֣ܽҲܶ࣬¬ſڵĵ߸Ҳװ˼ȫλͷԽֵĹӶڼطΧ֮ڡ
Դϴγ˳ٹٳ¼¬ҹܻſڼװ˺üȫλͷ޼ǣбҲװͷҲ˶ԵСܣְ࣬һ̻㱨ȫžϴεĶ¼ݡ
һȾ𷢵˵ϴѾմԸſں֮ĿˣʱûֿԱֶɫǽź󲻾õģѾͣʮӣҲ³
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵úܺãļصơ
Ⱦ𷢵ߵ£ָɿû˼¼̣ĻϳһɫװĤǰѾͷҲ
Ц˵ϴҪҪ˹ȥף
Ҷҡҡͷһ˵УǶͷᾪǣ˾ͺãҲܷɣˣ֪ͨûУ
ͷ˵Ѿ֪ͨˣʱ˽˺ü³ӣæûڵصģԺ̾ͽҹˡ
˵̲ܵסü۴ЦҹܻгкݣϴǷƲ
Ҷ̾˿˵ӲͬϻվܳãȰĻ˵Ҳû˼ݽȥ̫Ժ󲻺ûͷ
ӣΪȻ˵ϴͷİɣҲʲôаŮȱ¶ڷԾС
ϴ㿴˳ˡͻȻһָɿû˼¼̣ĻϵĻ˲Ŵ
һŮףߡ֡ݣ˶ռȫˣ³ûҹܻᣬһ첽һԵ˹ȥ


394 
κ˿һ۶ǣһİˣ߲һףһĿⳬ׵ĸ߸γǿҵӾһеĵĴӣٳٹȫǺĵ䷶һݹŮˣȻݣɫ˿һ˿̬
˸һβߵӿڣǰĸ߸һӿڵĵ߸ˣ¶ݹЦ
ͣڵĵĻϵĻͻȻʧһƬѩ㡣
ģǴһͷȾ𷢵СһƵһ䣬ָɿûẓ̇е˵ڻͷ
ણָ»سĻ³һ棬Ѿߵ˷еĲͣٴʧֳһƬĿѩ㣬һͷ򻵡
ʧǰҶɲ׽һϸڣİһССĵղһõͷ
СƲƲ죬ָٴụ̂ĻϺֳܿ˻棬ѾһˣӾͳͷܼصķΧֻٴΰתҹܻſڡ
ʮӹȥ¬߽˼Ҵţʵϴ𣿡
ҶһƵҡҡͷ˵ղĸɵļһӣͷѾˡճڣͻȻ뵽һ飬ǳԣа취ҳ˵·뵽ڽСܼһģʵûа취Ѹղĸ˵ͷŴֻ
Сܵ˵ͷ˵û⡣˵ָụ̂µһŮйصƵ¼񣬰ͷηŴҶȫֻ
ҶɰֻϵƬһΣ󸽼һϢæ˵·ܿյλϢ̶֣Եȡ
ʱֹȥһӣҶֻѸٽͨ绰ͲдεͳҶӣĸһ
Ҷɵڹҹܻ￴ǡ
γ˼룬˵ĸһǹְ̾֯ͨҵɱ֣ףǳֻһĿģɱˣ˳߼ĸɱˣ֪ҪɱĿ˭
Ҷԥ˼룬ĿİͰ͵˵ơҪɱĿӦǡҡ
磡ͲдδʵΪʲôҪɱ㣿С˭ˣͬʱֵļǰλǵİ¼ߣСӿ϶Ǯˡ
ҶɿЦ˵ܿһƵļһԩûŰֻ߳ң˸Ƨ˵Ľϼ¥齲һ顣
ƣСţ˻׸׶ǻȣһǨĹɣȱţĸһóɱˣСǵùھ͸˵˵׵顭
ǧǰлƾӺ⣬綨Щ˲ûмڹڹþסҲߣڶӹ֦ɢҶҵʵĴ˰Լ似Ҳ߿ɣ͵չǧ괫γһɹɲСȱžһλȾĹ߸յĵӶһͬ㣬мȱݡ
ޣȱ࣬ǳ˶Ҳǳ̿࣬ȱŵּǰ˸֣־ᣬޱߡȱڵ书Ҳ˶죬Ϲۣȳơ湦ĶǸ֡
׶ǲмˣ˲мҲΣ˶ǹ¶Сͱȱһ湦һɷչǸʽܲɷֵģȱвмʧȥͶάϵʽҲһʷǳӴ֣һֱȥһЩƵϸɻޣʵȴڰΪṩʽĸɱ֣Ҳ˵ĳЩ˵ƹߡ
ҶεĻɵ̾˿˵ͷҲǿˣ˵¸ôɣ
γ˵֪Щϵж𣿰ʮˣаŲҰ㻹ǿĸһﶼΪѪɱ֣̾ܲ´Ȼ޿ɱܣɱԼŰ죬סһ仰ԵʴȾǶԼ̡
Ҷͷһҧ˵֪ˣ˵ϲɱԴ߳ȥǶ֡
ε˵ҸƧĵط֣ҴᷢŸһ绰룬˴绰˹ƺ󡣡˵Ҷ˵绰Ҷյһţһ绰룬ǣ֡


395 Ѫ֮ҹ
׶ãҶ֪˶ԷĵһҲȻ޿ɱΨгսһϣץסʳʹȻ϶ƣ׿ڽȷһ¸á
ҶɷؼҸ¬˸к뿪˳ӣȥ̨ԤһǮ˵޹˾ѶеٲźһиҴ˸绰ԼҪһһְԱˡ
ԳҹܻţŻŲƵߵͣҵ¬ĳӿȥڳڶңӳ˹ȥ
м٣ҶͻȻоؿһƣһֲԤӿͷͲɲͣתͷһ޳٣˿ϵĽӳǰʻȥڤڤδ֪ǣȻתͷʻˮ巽
ҹˮ·ϵĳҲ࣬Ҷɾ۾ļʻųӼǰУͻȻһ´ñŮǣŸӴӳͷܹо͵һƺʲôͲһɲֻͣͷƤ飬亹ֱð
ˣҶԺһͷϽ³鿴ñŮһſڵϣСԳͷڵ۴ޡ
ˣҶɹ˲ö룬һ嵽ŮԣһѽŮ˱𣬶ڵϵĺӴ˵ȥҽԺ
˵һ룬ؿȻһǿҵĴʹ͵ͷһֻŮһ⵶ݺݴԼؿڣѾ˼⡣
Ҷ䣬ְ̧Ů͵һף¸ͻȻһУͷһС֪ʱѾת˫ָһذݺԼһʲôСȻ֮һİ٪塣
٪ƺûϵذҶƤһͼ˼Ȼתذ˺ͷǰƽ
Ҷһȣһ٪Դһһ˹ȥһȾѪļ⵶ֱҶʺµŮ¶һĨЦ΢ͫ˷ܵ⣬ƺԿһᴩֺ
ŭҶƫͷܹĵ⣬˫ȭڣͺŮؿڣת˲ʮȭƥȭĽתۼŮ˺õɳȥ
Ů˵һֻߵֽ𰣬ڿлһɫĻ߷ɳ׿׹£žһ·Ե̻
٪ֽһ˫ذ˫ۼ㺮ֱȡҶ˫ۣͬһʱ䣬·ԳӰһ߱۳ֳһһ˫ָһ嵽ǰҶһͨ͹
ҶؿһһѪӿȪǿ̾ʹˣڼѾ˳βɱһͣй˿մ
ۡ٪˫ذڣзһֽУֳĸ߸βɱ˫ּգַɳǰҶɣ˶Ǿḻɱֺ֣ϣ㴭Ϣʱ䡣
Ҷֽסһӭĸ߸ӣƿ£ݺˮ·ϣֻ죬·汻ҳǳӡ
߸˫ֽո׹˫һָһڹͫ߾ٵͣͷôҲ޷Ķʱ·ͣ߸촽⶯˼£ƺһڿһѪۼɢ
Ҷɽ磬гֱ̰٪ţһ籼磬޿ɱܡ٪зһֽУذ浲ǰذϣĽ͸ضһѪ罦Ҷǰƺһ˿ȡ
ԵʴȾǶԼ̣ҶɶϷ·Իصεĸ룬ؿѾѪȾ죬ҲֲԼĻǶֵģޱְγֿտյɱ֣ƺ˶ԷŨŨĿ־塣
ɱҡ
ɱŻҶɣ¶һĨı飬˫䷢һ͵͵Ŀ־ƣܵѡġ
Ҷɶ룬תݺݿɱּϣ꣡ƺ˹ѵɱ˫һ̱ȥ
·ϳм·˾ѪһĻǶǵѡӿ쳵ٷɳ۶Ȼûͣ鿴
Ҷǿǰľʹһװ˳бڳͷͳֻ׼ţָⴥ˲䣬ֻĻͻȻһţС÷ģԥ˰㿪ſһۡ
磬ң
ֻ֣ȴĿģҶ䣬ڰϷָҲ˼£һҧתϳӼһˮ塣


396 Ī
ˮĪұҹһֳĴͽȺüٶȿסбԱͷͱ豸һֻ̨źڵ˱˫еһ¥зһٶɥλԱΪַͽ˺ܣѪأֻڵʹ෭ֱ
Ⱥ׼ĴͽŹ轺ߣװǹƺ֪Īҵľס󲿷˺ڱѲ飬ŮˣһĪҴСĪϪһǴСĸٻûҵǲġ
ٻĪϪͶڶ̨ĸ뷿ĪӵĵطΪ˸һ׸ߵĸ㣬ƽȻܿԣֻҪѳڵĺľϺѱ˷֡
¼ʱĪϪٻ̨϶죬ĪϪͻȻ¥»԰ĸ߼Ȯ˻̳ԣһȺ˴Ѹٳ˱
ѾйһαܾĪϪ̴ٻ뷿أٻ̸緢һȶţٴ绰ʱֻѾûźţǾڸ뷿оȴ
ˡһƵĽŲԶڸеĶŮʮָۣĪϪ˫͸ľļз۲
֨ѽ뷿űƿ轺ߵֳֵͲ˽뷿ʮֻ׸ܵ˾ţ˶򳯴ŷ˹ȥ
轺ߵļһﱻӭĸһһеĴ󿳵˼мֻùİ׸뱻ȾѪëһء
轺ߵļһֵڸ뷿һ飬ûзֲڸڵĶŮת뿪һٳǰݺһŵϵӣ˳ȥ
Ů˿˭ҲҶһٻͷĬĬϣῴȶԼĪˣֺ´򲻹ȺͽȽìܡ
ĪϪ˿̵ǽţļ˵İΣүүҲ֪ôˣ֪ĴͽڱĴѰпԼٻԸԷûҵ֮ǰ˺ˡ
Īұһɴ̱ǵѪ轺ߵĴͽʮĪˣķڡʦ˾ĪݺĪүӡ
ĪүΨһûзֵˣ̫ʦϣ˫۾ŶĴͽɫ쳣ƽȴ粨ڵԼıŮϣѾͷҪô챻ͽҵһʱһʱ
ŲĪԣҧг˫۵ŶĴͽȺһҪүӲƴȫȥҲˡ
ܿ¥һͽߵһߵĴͽǰҡҡͷɳƵ˵磬ֵҲûŮˣҲ
ž˦־һƣܣһͲڱȥֵǼңѱҲҪҳ
ǣȥֵǼҡһƵĴͽӦһ첽¥ݿȥ
ţиõİ취ˡ
ĴͽһĨ⣬ǰǹڵסһŮ˶ͷ˺ϵĽʵﻹŮˣһĪϪһٻ˵ٻֶֻҪһ۰ӵͻ䴩Դװ׵Խһ
ŮĪұķƽʱΪʵݣǹһŵɫ԰ף˫һֱȥͽĿһݣŲתǹڵסһŮ˶ͷһ˺ϵĽʵ˵Ů˲
ŮĪϪýĪգΪԭסĪұѾʱ䣬ƽǫ鶮񣬸ĪҲദǢһֱĪϪõүү谮رٻĪҾסﰵεŮΪүүŮĳ谮ҲԶԶԼϺͿ˳ĪҴС㣬ںôûŲ˵ǹԴͷһ󱯰ɺ޵֪Ů˲
治֪ǲĪò˵һʵöߴһֵۣоһʹӵϴ˸ѪһС
ĪշһޱȵʹУܵסѪĶ䣬ɵ̧ʱ͵ķԼ˫ֱסôͽ͡
죡ͽһͻȻǹĪݺݵ˵ٸһλᣬεĻشҪǲһǹԴ
ĪǿŶ䲻ϴľʹһ־ĵ˵ͷֻȴͽǹܳϴ˵ĪϪʱ˵극Ҫٻ̨ӦþͲ̨


397 
ͽņ̀ߣվ¥ݿڵĴͽ˸ƣ˵Ůȥ̨ˣҲ˾Ͱֵǵ̨Ҷзݣÿ
¥ݿڵĴͽ첽߹һѾסĪյͷ𣬹Ц˵߰ɣԹ԰˸ҳʮֵܱ׼졣
Īһ˦ͷץסͷĴ֣ͽ˵ȥ˿ԣҪҵǲܶҡ
ͽЦãҴӦ㣬СƤҳû˻ᶯһָͷ
Īү¶һĨʹı飬˵ն㲻
ĪտЦ˵үүҲĪŮ˵ҲĪүӣ첽¥ݡ
ҶѾϵˮſڣڴһͣ³ӣԾǰĵ˷һĪұʱؿڵѪѾֹסһѪ»ǲ˿Ϊã¼ٷӣǰ˿ֱ˺ѣðѪЩѾ˲ˣƴҲҪȳСá
ĪұŽգҶ˫һŸ߸Ծǽͷһֱӷ˹ȥۣŲȵһ壬ͷȻһ͵ͷ˹ȥһţӰĴ󹷣ڱճѪȻѾһʱ䡣
Ҷ꽣èǽſڸվˣ˫ָڱ󣬴ӲԿϸһλεذףһһĹ轺ߣҧһ˼Ժһ󵨵ļƻ
žһ˵ע⣬һֳۣذ׿첽ķ˹ȥ˼ͻȻιһ磬תͷֻ׼ȷ˺󾱡
Ҷɰϵ԰ƧѸٰһϵϣٴϸ轺ߣҲһͽվԭض˶ߵǰ˽ȥ
սžŵһɴ̱ǵѪζҶɹͷߵ轺ߵļһԣȻ۲Ŵڵ
ڹ轺ߵļһǹĪ˶˫ֽڴ룬ɬĪүӶϣűŰһʬ壬иѾ͸ˣһ긾ŮſڵһҲ֪ĿɨһȦΨûпСúĪϪ
Ҷͷּŭ޲ֽ̳ڵˣͷҧҧǿסķӿסһҪסûС֮ǰܶ֡ǰ˿Ѿ˺ѣǰ㣬ѪؿȣѥڣٲᱻԷ©
ˡ¥ϴһ󼱴ٵĽŲһߵļһ¥Ͽ첽ֱһǹ˸ǰЦ˵磬СƤڸӷѾץˣСƤûիĳɴ͸ֵֺֺ
ͽϴЦ˵ʮӣŪδ䣬ͻȻĲҺ
ͽϴæתͷȥֻ˶˫ֽסԼѪ˳ָ첻ӿôҲ޷סŵվԭͣ˲룬ֱͦͦѪ֮С
ǡ˭
ͽϴ¶һĨŨŨĿ־壬о󾱵Ƥһһ룬ϰһȭ˫һ͵ڵء
Īֱ̧۾ʱһѾƽһվǰһһελѪ鲻ͣ䡣
¥ˣ
˵һ䣬ڰһת¥ݣգ۹Ѿʧ
ĪЦˣмˮΡΡĴվľʵ˫ȸͣʹֻͨ£һᣬסѾϳɼأһ㵣Ͻ̧˺ϵĽסĪүӡ
Īϰ˰֣˵ҪңѴҵŪϡӦһתӵϼһذףǰһϵӡ
ѽ
ۡ
ϣ
¥ͻȻ̴ٵĲҽУ̼ûϢˡľʬ¥ϹȫһϺѪͿء
һҶڴͷӵСãʱ飬ֻܵοٻ£иڣѾѻ˶ˣûˡȾѪ꽣ڴ£Ҫһ롣
ĪϪվڴߣϵıܸӣղۼҶý˲ɱˣȻЩ˸Ƕǻ˰һϳȥ˲ӣȻƲƵ˦¥ܿ죬Ҳܲпᡣ
δٻͻȻ̧ͷ涵Ŵ磬ʵ磬ˣղ绳ʹʱŵһŨصѪζǰһƬճҺ塣


398 ʳ
Ҷ¶һĨǿЦݣҡҡͷûлشСõ⣬Ҳش𣬳ܲ࣬ŬάСе󣬽ɱ̫ˣ˫մѪȣֲС֪࣬һʱһʱɣ
ĪϪҧҧ˵¾ȥɣչٻ
ҶͶȥһмЦݣḧ˸Сͷ˵ٻȥ洦飬ܿ
磡ٻһһס䣬ǲᣬµһЩ֣·ֺͻӴԼȥ
Ҷϴһ˿ɵ΢Ц˵ٻиû˿۸ǣ籣֤
ĪϪߵǰסٻļ򣬵˵ٻûˣȥɣϪ㡣
ٻɿ֣ʼӴץǱڽ첽뿪˷䣬ϣˮģ˫ۡ
Ҷ²һ½ϵѪְѽУߵ¥ݿͳֵֻͨĵ绰ĪұҪһ飬Ȼ˵˽ƺһа취
绰ͷֳ˼룬ʵҶʦ壬ˮĪұţϹʬ壬ʱҪ֪ͨ
ţҶӦһҶϵ绰¥ȥ
ĪѾȫ⿪վĪүԣǿԡѪҶʱϾ¶һ־ηı顣
Ҷһ۵ϵʬ壬˵Ѿ˹ʬ壬ȲҪ
ĪҶڣʵ¥ϵѾͷû°ɣ¶һĨŨŨĵǣ¥ϵѾͷʲô״
Ҷɳ˵Ϫٻû£Ǳŵˣ¥ϻһŮ˿ҪЩ
е鲻ϸ˵ʵҶ¥ʱߵļһȽյķǰȥһĨϢɱˣһ俴һߵļһѰס˫ֵĪϪѹڷ䴲ϣ̽ǰȥסǼһһĨ˲˳ȥϪֵתһ䣬ײһߵļһַһŮˣǼһӶˣҲһɱΪַŮ˸ϰͳ䷿СڴһǿСһŸĶʱ
Ī̾˿˵ҿ㼰ʱϵ룬֪֪Ⱥ˵ʲô·֪ĪҵĴͽΪƣǾܲ߻רΪҪʴû˽Ҳ֪Ⱥͽʲô·
Ҷüҡҡͷ˵˸ڣŪһʾ֪ˡ˵תߵǸǹԣһѳͷϵߡ
һİˣĪϤУ˵ڸĳʶƣһʱ벻ˣֻĪϸǰϣүӶеӡ
ԭ˾ͽ׸գĪһ۾ϳǰˣ˾ͽĸ˾ͽ׸գرիˣϵ̾˿˵ΪӸˡ
ϴĪϪ¼Ļʹ߾˾ͽ׸յĶ˾ͽĲºĪҾһŭ֮ɱ˾ͽĲɥ֮ʹ˾ͽ׸϶Ī˾ɱӵԪףλ޳ͷԵҪɱĪΪᣬһж˽͡
Ҷüͷ˵үӣҽ֮ǰ߰㣬Щͱǵˣ˵ǲ˾ͽ׸ڱ󵷹
Īһ˵һˣ治ڱܱĪҵľֻһˣֻгܷſֽŰĪɱһɶ㲻㣬վǵ͹㣬߸Ķ֡
ҶɿЦ˵ĸһףɱһҲˣʬͷСĳʱӶСãʲô˲ˡ
Ī¶һ˿οЦݣ˵ɱ˺ɱ֮ЩˣɱҲ˱ӦҲ̫黳ˡ
ʵĪү֮ԻٻŮһҲǴ˽ĵģٻѩѧ֪ʶһԭ򣬻һҪԭҶɣүӲµλӵڲõĽΪһ֣гһĪԤ֪ΣһȫȣƹĪӹһɱȫһ֮
үӣ˵Ķԣ˾ͽ׸ոô
Ҷɲ֪үӵ˽ģĪһλĳߣԼСøչмӣֻҪܰĪ޷ˣҪøж˼ҵĶݲҪϣһҪμͷлҪ
Īһ˵вԱУȻ˾ͽ׸ɱˣӦܵɵϳͣ㻹ǰɣʳ
䣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲ


399 Σ
һʿĪұɨһ۵ϵʬ壬ֶ̧ʿǻ˻ӣʿǰ׼õĹʬװʬѸ̧˳ȥ˾ͽ׸ڣֽʿֽʰϵѪʮӲذ໬˵Ѫˣ޼Ҳøɸɾ
ǰ˵Ҷʦ壬Ļȥļ䡣
Ҷɻĵ˵ͷһ߳˱ţߵΧǽԣҶⷢ󹷵ʬҲӰͷ̲סһ䣬ʦֶµЧʻ治һĸߡ
ֵ˵ʦ壬ղҲ绰˵һ飬׵ʬ׶ʬǸӷ׼ƽؾ֪û
Ҷɳ˵Ǹӷ˾ͽ׸գ׾רԸҵģΪҲܾĪˣһɱĪҰԱƽûһҪС
˵ɱֻҪ֤ȷ϶Ӱǹӵ³Աʬһһ𽻸
Ҷһ˵ж񱨣ֵ̫࣬ͬ顭û˵꣬ؿڵͻȻһʹʹסؿڡ
ּʵҶʦ壬ˣ
ҶɿЦ˵ֻԴ⣬һҿû˵ͷԼȥҽԺһ¾ͺá
Ҳûж˵ʲôҶɵ˸ת뿪黹٣ֻҪһͨ
ƴɱҶɿǿסǰľʹȴо˿ʹѵؿҡҡλĪұ
Īڴڰ˵Ҷɽӭǰʵ鶼ˣ
Ҷѹ˵ˣİԱύʱ֪ͨүӣûаҩʲôģ֮ǰؿһʹҪ
ĪһҶѪؿڣ¶һĨŵı飬˵и˽ҽϴ绰˵תͷ˵ҶȥϢ
ǣӦһǰסҶɸ첲¥µĿ˷Ϣս䣬ҶֻһͷĿѣļߵȥ˫һջȻ˯˹ȥ
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãҶ˫ۣͻȻԼһİĴϣƿʶؿһ˿ѾһɴԼĪҴϣͷһۣ¿㶼˻߻һ˫Ь˫ѥӣѥӱϴڷڴͷϣһ״ñǳɫװ
Ҷ˴£Լʰ׵߳䣬ԼȻ¥ϣͷ¥ݡ
Īү̫ʦƷ裬¥¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ҽ˵ҪԴϢ˿ںҪҩҺ
ҶЦߵүӸǰһֽ˵һСˣѾʹˣүӣСٻأ
Ī¶һĨЦݣ˵ٻѾͷѾѧȥˣϷҽϪѾͷڳ׼緹пڸ
Ҷ΢΢һЦôһ˵ҲŸоеˣҾԹߡ
ĪϷתһɰһ裬Ц˵ȱ裬ϪѾͷĲζǷǳģֻΪܳʳһЩ
Ҷߵһ£豭һڣ˵Ҳ죬еóԾУ˾ͽҵ˲٣ҲҪСġ
ĪϵЦȻһ̾˿˵лѾ֪˾棬źܿͻϢ˾ͽ׸ձץ˾ͽҵһưոݣʱӦòжѾȥ취ˣܷһʱҲһ
ҶüͷеĲ豭ٳûߣͻȻԺһͳֻͨεĵ绰
ֻͨͲдһƵСӣǴɱ䰡
Ҷɳ˵ͷ㲻˵ԵʴȾǶԼôҪǲɱǾͻᱻɱҸզ죿
Ͳͷ̾˿˵û˼ִ˵ˣû°ɣ
Ҷɵ˵ҵû£ץһ˾ͽ׸ջһӰҺĪҵ˳ˣҷͷۣʲôð취
û˵ʲô취Ѳɰ˾ͽҵȫɱˣ
Ҷüͷһ壬˵취ȥһ˿³׽ˡ
ۣСӱҾôһ˵绰ͷμˣȻ˰˶ȣСӸĪҽ鲻ǳҪƼʲô¶ó
Ҷɹѹ˵˵ģ취ܲһݣնݳʦ֪ӦҲҰɣ
նݳӡնһСܲѾ֪ˣհѽйȥݺѵһ٣˾ͽҵ鲻ܣܲλᾡСǧ


400 
漱ˣһȰѽ챻ѵ˸ͲӣһԶ˵˳
ӵȨɱͽҲûʲô˵ģҶԼӳֶƵɱѾλɱʮ˵Ѿܼλ߲У֮Щǣ׶ãɱҲɱˣɴĪұĴͽͨˣһɸɱֶδЩ̫̣ɱ֮ӡ
νйȥݺѵһ٣ԼµĶԱڶԴͨʱҪһݿ֮ģڹͨ˵ֳ̫ĴͽҲȫܣֱӲȡֶθɱκֻһΣ粻ϼȷĴͽʹüֶΣס
εĻҶɲ֪ԼһɷǡĬƬ̣˵ͷˡ
ε˵ˣ֪һԼԭ˾ͽҵǣĪңǣ˾쳤ϣܲθղѾȷĸ˵ˣ˾ͽ峤ڿ˲ٶ£ҲⱨӦʱˣϢһһʱ֪ͨһ䣬嶯
Ҷ˵ͷʲô˵ˣҵϢ
ϵ绰Īү¶һ˿ɵЦݣղҶɸεĶԻѹͷĴʯͷҲ
үүԷˣ
򴫳һöЦĪϪ˳һԺȲҶʱһĨϲɣϷһĨ˵ĺΡ
ҶûлؼңĪұżȥһҲᶺܾãֱδһϢ˾ͽұɨڳרжصĿ꣬˾ͽ׺Ѿί飬˾ͽĲڱ˾ͽҵֻ˾ͽٲ漰׮ϴǮİӺһǰɱ˰Ѿ´ͨ
ӦǾϻƶͷбǲʱδ˾ͽɱ˵Ҷĸ⣬ʹ֪֮һ׮ɰʱ˾ͽ绹ϸУһλŮòѧϰɼѹһͷһλŮ˾ͽ緢˿ڽǣ֮ʧȥӰʱΪ˿ʧֱٰһ﷢һʬǣʬǾǵʧٵŮһ˾ͽشɣѾȥ
ħڼĵʹ˻ɥʧǣɶ޵ӹżʡ˾ͽǸķǳǿˣûɱֻץԺŻס
ϢҶ˿ָ˵һ飬һȵĴ伴ʼսӳս˴δ佱κһ춼Ҫ񣬳зǳɹ۵Ĺѫھɹ䵤ṩҩһööҩΪ쵤аж칤֮컯˼߷Ҳǿá
ѫֻڲȡԴԴûùҶ˵е㻭ĸоö쵤ȴŨȤĳԾΪСý⿪ϱѨλʲô죬Сվ߾Ҳǰ״ǿֻҪĻ׷Źκ˶Ҫö쵤
ҶһڴӦεҲһȥ׶ʱһҪ˱СúĪ˵İȫ˾ͽȻѾˣһ˾ͽڣһһҪ뿪֮ǰá
κˬĴӦҶɵᰲ˰бٻĪ˰ȫҶɶĻƱ׶ȥӻԴߣҲѡˣֻҪ֤һ˳
ҶȥһѧУʦһݳ٣ҵţֱӰȥĪңͷţȭѾ൱һԺһѺ֣ΨһȱܳԣĪүӼҴҵһͷţ⡣
ԭҶŴæտ죬绰֪ŴپȻһﵽ׹Ҫ²ܷرֻܴͷСý뿪һݵ͸Խ󻹶Īүǻǿء
æµһȥڶҶɴСõѧУһĻĪϪᵽ˻Ҫ鷳ѳӿȥ
ҶɰСͽ˽ңһ·ܣӦ˰бٻӦѾ˲Ŷԣûܸо̤ʵ
ҪҪ绰һΣӶȹһɨ๤ˣһɨɢһǰУߵҶʱƫͷ¶һЦѹֹȥɣսӵ硣


401 ʱŮ
Ҷһۻǰе๤ˣ¶һĨЦݣйȫ˶ʱͷһ׶ˡ
׶´ﵽ߶ȣմϷĿǳ˻žͻӣ׼紩˺ʵףҲ࣬һµ˸ע⣬¾ˣ˼׵û۵ĳǸδĻѩӳȤ
ҶɺƣǰȻ˿һ׶ɵĴ˼׳Ƕ䣬ŪΧ˶һֿɵƵעĿ
󱳰ﵹ׻ϴȫǺƯװȸ׳࣬ǵĿҲ̫ı䡣
Ҷڻ˴ͷҲεӰӣ绰ȻػﰵģǴԶİҽйźƽɣ˵׶ĺƽͦģǰڵϾųȥǳɰǧ
֡һƵĳ⳵ͣҶɸǰ˾ͷĴкϳȥĶ㣬߯䡣
Ҷ˵ˣҸط·˵뵽ǰȥ
˾ӳǰʻȥʵȥĶ
ҶЦЦ˵ǰ濪ȥ·ĵطУԱзʲôġ
ϣ˾ٺһЦӿ쳵ٳǰۡ
Ҷֲһεĵ绰Ȼڹػ״̬԰ֻڴƫͷʹѩǰڽĳֻڵ￴ѩѩ³ܹȥһĳ嶯
˾ǸʵˣһҾͰѳһ͹̳ǰҶɸǮű³·Ŀ߽̳׶ǰȡ㹻ֽ·Сһ
̳кůͣҶɱŴ䣬һƤרǰרӪŮװƤݣ۸λϡ
һλƯĵԱСӲ΢Ц˵ƤôйƤݣʲôλƤأ
Ҷͷ˵Ǯû⣬˵ƤĲûƤģѰ˼һرƤݣҪҪ˲һĶ
ƤԱСϵЦ΢΢һָֻͣܿ󷽵ģԲûƤݣƤʼӲһֻƤЬ֮࣬һƤݣнˮƤͽƤģϲҿԸܼ
Ҷ죬С˵ΪʲôҪýڵģһϲģԼҵĶ벻涵Ȧʡ
ԱСоԴЩΣûۣƤѵײƵģҲҪʱز
Ҷɣ㣡
ͻȻһϲŮҶɰͷһתһϤʽĴè䣬ӵֹģ۷ĳ½ƻ˭
Ĵϲú֪꣬ҹʱ֪϶ȸŽҪ˸ˣҶɿ½ƣ·ԱѩԻ˾Ϊ֮һˬЦѾӵ˶ѱߡ
ɲôô
ؼ̽ףó·û뵽㣬̫ˡ
½ϲЦݣԭ׶ˣǰûؼ̽ףڼ죬û뵽ͷһȻҶɣһҲ·ġ
Ҷ̧ӣЦ˵ˣ׶¶յãҲ·ģɴҲıı·
½΢Ц˵ðѵ٣ҵı·϶ǲġ
¾½ƺ˸Ƶģûÿʣ˵յȥҧһڵĳ嶯
õҶִ̧˸ָˬ˵û⣬ɴո֣ʮף㴩·ʱҡ
½Ƥգգ۾Ц˵˵ŶҾͲˡ
Ҷɲӣұ۰΢΢һЦ½٣׶ǴԵݣɴͿʹСʱʱŮѣϲʲô·ָֻһ㣬ҾˢҲֵˡ
½һۣǰסʵĸ첲Цӯӯ˵߰ɣʱѡ˺һԾñطС£ʼ̳֮á
Ҷɺܿᵽ˸Ůһ̳ĺô½ƽСͷ͸ðһůͷҲΪ֮ı䣬Ӻ˴죬ϸĵʱŮѻѡһΧһ˫ƤףڳȥѩҲܰһʱŮѵ򵥡
˼ҴҶҲСԵ˼ҸһˮҪرʮͣ·һ鱦ſʱ˽ȥһرĶ


402 Ȯ
鱦Ȼ鱦ģ鱦ĶǼֵƵĶ鱦Ҷ߽鱦ľٶ½ƺǲ죬аò鱦ɣҲ̫ˣֲŮѣ̫ضҪ
½ΪŮѵ¶ᣬҶѾ鱦̨ԣһָһŻɫʯĹҼʵ԰ô
ҼǴžͻҵǿܹҲùڲҲУֻҪ㡰ҡҪ󶼿Ա֮ΪҼҶɿ۵ĹҼʵһڰϵԲκʯͷоʯͷǳϴڲеõǿʯһ۾ͼԵٻҪȷжϡ
ԵģԵȡ̨ڵŮԱĴһתӳȡʯҼڹ̨ϣ˵ҼǼƷ۶ʮ򡣡
Ҷʳָںʯͷһ·ĴЦ˵ֲǹЩˡ
ŮԱ΢Ц˵ѰӳֻʮҾܸ㶨Ʒһۿռ䣬ҪҿԸϵӦܱ˺ܶġ
֮ȮۡԺеʾҶƣѸٴӿڴȡһпڹ̨˵ˣʮˣˢɣ
ŮԱ¶һĨõЦݣƬPOSˢһ£Ҷ룬ͻȻתͷʵŮѣʲǫ̂мܾµФƣʱһ͸½Ƶͷ
½Ʋ˼Ĵţģʲô
Ҷץ̨ϵĹҼַŽڴһָ˵ڵФƣЦ˵һФţӣһˡ
ŮԱ΢Ц˵۹⣬ȫ׽ФƣҿԸۿۣԭʮ򣬿Դۣʮ򡣡
ҶЦ˵ллˢɣ
ŮԱпPOSϻˣ÷ƱȡФƱýװͬƬһݸҶɣһɽǸ챦ʯҼ䣬һӷµ˿첽ߵ˹̨ԡ
ŮԱ΢Ц˵˼챦ʯҼղѾλˡ
ƫͷҶһۣһõĳʵɽĺ챦ʯҼˣ
Ҷպп͹ҼƱ˵ҲʶʲôɽݵɽǮԼϲСѡ
΢΢鴤£¶һĨǿЦݣ˵Сѣǿ챦ʯҲϲøΣҳʮ򡣡
ŮԱ¶һ˿죬ôҲ벻ȥĺ챦ʯʮӼǮ˽ǰǺ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵˼챦ʯҲϲҲתá
΢΢һ㵣ҧ˵̫٣ҳ˰תøң鱦ʯкر塣
ŮԱ˦˦ͷоеΣһʮĺ챦ʯǵ˰˰ֱ̫˼ˣǰѾһݣҪһݣǾ졣
Ҷûκα飬˵ӲãѰ©ƾԵ׼ȥúղء˵겻ˣת첽ߵ½ƸǰС־ֱ뿪߽һҿȵҸλ£СҶӰϵĴŵǰ΢Ц˵һС⣬͸ģлл·
½ҡҡͷӵݻظҶɣǺ˵̫أҲա
ҶɰסһƣЦ˵£ҹ̳Ҳ񲻵żֵƵӣٸ·䣬ڴֻˣͳһۣɫʱһֱӹҶϵ绰
룬ֻҶͳֻͨͷ˵Ѿ˻ȥĻƱ׼ǻˡ
绰ͷæ͵˼Ƕܲνȥᣬڸ£Ͽ㣬ȥһɫľƵӷϴ
Ҷ˵˱Сõķ¾ˣҸŮһԼ֪̳·Ҳ֪ʲôط
½һЦѵó̳ǣֿ
ˣó̳ǣֿȺȵ࿧ȵӣһȥɫʵҪҲߣʲôƣ¹㣬㴩ɽŪҰˡ
绰ͷΰһ˵С߯ˣɱ
ҶɺٺЦ˵ⰡҪģҪͬˣһͷǻʲôСͲˡ
һ˵ｭ㣬ټƿѡ
УҵùҶ̼þգһ˿΢Ц


403 
շǳ΢Ŀȣ͵֣ҶɿĵȰ˺һ½ͬǿФơ
һȺ꣬½յһţһۣɫٿȻ䣬һǸĶҶ˵⹫ಡͻҽԺˣҪϸϹȥ
Ҷɵͷ˵ȥɣ˾УʲôҪæʱң⼸Ҷ׶
õģټ½Ŵ˵ͷϵĴӿ첽뿪Ҷɿƺ࣬ǰǸ¸ҵξڸƸеСŮˡ
ֽһȿȣھͿκ˽һ۾Ϳ˶ڴڵҶɣߵǰ
һЦСӲ˵ŮôôӰ
ҶָָĿձ̾˿˵ʱŮѣղż˵飬Ѿˡ
һۿձǹһĨǳǳĻȣиǳǳĴӡҶû˵ѣⱭӷŮ˺ȹ
ҶվűڼϣЦ˵߰ɣｭ㣬ҪҰģǰڵϿóζ
οЦ˵Сң۸һùʵ˼ô
ҶƤգգ˵ڻһСʱ⣬ܵòȵİɣ
ͽȻתͷɨһۣü΢΢һ˵֣֮ìʲô
΢䣬ѹʵ֮ì
崰ŬŬ˵ڴ⣬Ǹ־ǰϺȻұۣһҵģ֪Ŀ˭
ҶƫͷȥȻбһվһСˣһ־ýζгʶ˶֪ڶңΪе־õˡ
γһۣΪȻ˵ģǳԽȥ˵չ۹סҶɼһſȥ
뿪󲻾ãԵ̧յߵ˵϶ӣĿ걻κˣҪҪȥ
˼룬ϵĺɫӱڴһ͵͵øˣնӣ
СʱΰѳͣһɫĺԺǰ³߽ԺţһСɫ˹ݣҲˡ
Ѿ˰ᣬĺԺ¥׶ĵطִĺԺļ۸ھλϣһм޻ѷݿڴĺԺǼƵѡ
ˣҶҲûʲôｭ㣬˳۵ĲʽڵʮŰѲƵǰЦ˵û㣬㼸˳
΢΢һЦ˵ҾͲˣټʮˣͣ԰ײԡ
һԵˣ˸ֵ˵˺αΪ˰
˸˵ǰװ׵ͽ㶼˰ɣǱǮһȫϯˣ˼ҶֳѪģ㵹ãͽٷСģԱûʵĽ㣿
ԱЦЦеģ㲻Ǿ˵ĲʽԲ˵ûС
΢΢һЦ˵оͺãĽɣһζûɣ
Աͷ˵Ȼû⣬ǵĴǹ͢ĺԵ⡣
˿ĭ˵ƿѣҪʮݵġԱӦһ첽˳˰š
δӿڴȡһݵҶǰ˵ҶӣǴ˴δͱʱ䣬ȿʲôĵطֻҺͳ
ҶҲȥӣЦЦ˵ͷȸ˵˵ͽ飬Ĳæϵһʶ
¶һ˿εЦݣٺЦ˵ҲǸ˵ôǹ̾ܲͨҪɱȻͽģҲںСǮҾ˶С⣬ԺֵҪǾ۸ʲôҲõϣģǮÿһֵ֪ܶҶĺá
ǮҪÿһγֵļ۸ڰλϣɱвЩ˱ɱҵ̾ܲͣ۵ͽ˾λֻסɱײܶʾ޿Ҷɽ׵Ϣ̾ܲǰ˻ȸԾ֧ͽ⻹һʷĽսӵСΪͽʱӯ֧սСܺͻҪ࣬Ҳѹġ
ԭ뷢һͽҶɵģ뵽Сķᣬȫ˶տյС⣬غڴԴ̫ͣſھͰϵ׶˳ȥ
ҶͻȻ̧һμЦе˵ͷͽ˶Сû⣬ԺҪֻʲôҪæŰ


404 ҩ쵤
۸񲻷ƣһСȻʲô󵶡ۼ۸ߴǧԪһⲻǳ㣬ֱǳԵһƱսСԣޱȣλĴ󹦳Զٴ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
Ҷɼսӵʱ̣ѾǶˣҶɵս˾֪˵սĴᡢ书ߡֶ̨ӲǸǿΪĵطǿߣǿߣҶǾ쳤ϵ״ӣѾòĽˣûмʼӺ޵ľͲ֪ˡ
ԼսμӼȫԲɣֵûӲǾģһֱ飬Ϊľڴ˴δ϶ռͷӳ̴һ谭սҲһλ컯ż顣
θҶɵһƣ̾˿˵Ҷӣ֪ǳŶ쵤ģöҩ治ð
ҶüͷһšʵΪʲôѻ˵˴׶μӴΪõ쵤ͻȻ˵ʲôͷ͵һɫʱˡ
һָ˵սӼһλߣΪ˴ζڵľС
Ҷƫͷɨһָŵʵ飿Ǹô
ε˵ͷ˵컯ż飬ʮǰ𶯹ţ경֮ŵҲµòڵľӦԲпܸ߾磬ҪӮĺѣ˵ܻͳйء
йأҶѿһģžһ죬ָԼӴ˵˼ҰʯͷԼĽţ㲻ѻ˵ⷹûˡ
ο˵СӱôҲܰò״üĻôûˣȸ㽲ܵ顭
ʵľ⣬뵱컯űǧ֮īƿ컯ǰܲζһЭ飬һץסǧҪܣЭܼ򵥣ǰҶɸסǧʢǵǧҴӵرȡ˵ʧԵ汦ҩ¯ϲ֮·һöĶ쵤Ϊл
ǧرҹʼûҵʦīƿּŭ֮¶ȥǧǼһӲޱȾǲϿڣ˼ͻȻҧԾīƿ鳹׳һ׮Э飬ֻҪסǧҪ룬οǧϣսϡͿõһߡ
īƿҶ˼£ץƱյһںȸɣץƿһôҲ벻ܵĻ־ȻԼͷǸռ͵ҲùģʲôīƿˮѾҺˣȴҪʲôƨЭܰ״򹤣϶ҪҸƣñʧ˵ˮԲ쵤ѾˣһӮĻᡣ
μҶĬĺƾƣ¶һ˿Цݣ˸ɫ쵤ҵĶҴСһа취
һŽССƷζ׹ȫӣȴڰ⣬һﲻҲû뵽սӣ˼üŪۣĳѼȥ
漱ˣڣ֪а취Ҫ뷨үһö쵤Ҷӳ
ޣ³һС̣ûĵһ˵뵽ˣͽǻôû뵽أ
ӣĴӿڴһֽ֧Ʊ˹ȥЦе˵˵ͬˣҶ׬Ǯ϶һһ룬ʵ֧ƱҶ׼ˣ͵㷢ɧŸ
ӹ֧Ʊһۣ϶ת磬΢Ц˵ҾʹĹллθˣһö쵤ڱǱҿҲ㲻ʲôҪҶϲȥøʮööĸζȵɲˡ
ģҶͷһϲϽеľƱʵŪʮööĶ쵤ô
֧ƱСպãһ˵쵤ǰһλҩԺ߶ҩң޷ܣ߶ҩֹͣЧеģҲڴˣЧĵҩҽһö˵ҩƵģ쵤
쵤ҩ˼µģͷ̲סŻһ䡣
һЦ˵˵֪٣һҿȷүүΪĶ쵤쵤ķƷүү˵ҩЧƷİٷ֮һ


405 ݵ
үӽΪƷĶ쵤ֻһƷһһ²Ʒٷ֮һҩЧʧܷƷĻһذըͷû˻ỳ˵ĻΪҲǳڶ˵Ҳ˵ܡ
쵤Ҫôܵõ쵤ҶжĿһȵĻȼգѾٶʲô쵤ϣǸڴõöҩƵ쵤õöҩĿһǽһ󲽡
ƺеĿÿһ˿Ž˫˵쵤ֻһööҩҲûүүҲûҩЧҲ˼Ʋģö쵤ǰλʱȥƷӴʧ٣ʣµֻһƿ쵤ѡ
һϣ̶̼ʱֱҶȼյϣ֮һˮ˲Ϩְѽӿ۵ϵĳ嶯̫ˣǸ˲
γ˵ŪҸûʲô쵤쵤ڸôʱ˵ʧЧˣҩҲҩӦöбڲŶ԰
һۣ˵֪ʲôĺõҩƣƷŵʱԽԽ㣬ҩҲһֻҪ淽ȷʱҩЧһǿǰķƷ쵤ҩЧ˿δҩƵ쵤ҲһܱʵЩүүҵģҴСͶûȤҲûָõҩǿ
Ҷ̾˿Ʊһڣ˵û쵤ҲãղŲ˵ҪŪʮöö쵤ҽô֪ʲôʱŪ֣ڶʲô쵤ѾϣѰ˼᱾Ūö쵤ζҲ
΢Ц˵쵤˲٣ҳʱؼһүүҪöȥ˵ǰͷҩ㲻ܶҹүүͶ쵤Ŀģһǻҩ¯飬ڶѹ档
һʵүүö쵤˵ùȥҾͲˣ˵ǿϣųô
ֳһ⣬˵쵤ֻЧ߱ȴèϡ٣Ҳһƿ쵤Ҳ˴δȻܻڲУӰ޴󣬺ܶ߶֪ҲһֿǿĵҩҼǿƣڹкǿӰֻҪ¶쵤˵һЧȫĵ߶ȥҩʱǿڴɴ׬һʡ
ҶһھƣЦ˵ϡΪ󣬾Ҷڻһƿ쵤ӦҲ۰ɣ˴·ֵǮ
Цӯӯһ˵үү˼ҲɴʱһȥһңҸүүϴܻǧ㹦󣬼ö쵤ܸ㡣
Ҷһں걭оƣһͷ˵ãҸһˣ˳ö˳۵Ķ쵤ˡ
κٺЦ̧ȰСİͷһģ˵ҶӣδҲŸģսõһȥøڶС
Ҷüͷ΢˵ͷ⻰ҿɲǸռ͵ҲöǿҹԹ԰ѵһóȥûУó汾°Ҵſ¡
¶һ˿ɫץƿһǿЦ˵Ȳ˵ˣȾƣ극ҴȥתתķѾ׼ˣʱʲôȱĸ˵һС
Ҷ΢ЦŶƱ˵ͷһ
㷹νˣһ·򱱣Լôʻһͷʻ˱һ»شţǰʻһɽĴֿ⡣
һָ³ͷ·һذӳͷһѸٰ¼ֺĸУֻòֿǽһզզкƿһ׼ȱڣһõĴţֵٿеԵ̻ڻŽأ𣬸ų·ŵһζڵҶֻΪ֮һͷ޵еܻȫһǸõط
ʻֵǽѸٻָԭ״һ߿һߵʵȥ
Ҷ˵ûпĵط¶ġ
һЦӿ쳵ǰʻȥӺʻһ˶һƬ𳡣һ򳡣ˮʩϢôڶˡ
ǻ˶ƺٺʮСʱڻָԭ״ܱ߻нӾݣ桭ͬʱҲĳأƽʱһ㲻
¡һͻȻм׷ɣһХһӰӵ³Ծ


406 
ӰԾɣڿһۣӥհ£ʱѾ˸ǰһرˣһɫ¿㣬ͷϴһرμⶥñӣһżСֻƤС۾ȥЩѾһֻ
ƫͷһΣͷڨЦʵͷôˣ
Ҷע⵽˫ϴһ˫رɫףָĹ״צݣ̤һ˫Ͳ״ЬղοնʱŵƺտɫĻ棬ͷӦרΪƵĶ
εһۣûķʵСӽҵĹѫ㻻װôô͵͵ʵˣ
˿˵װ̫ˣзݵװðɣԺҾܶɸBĹѫһỹϵġ
Ц˵ѫȲᣬҸܸˣҶɣͷӴսӲμӴ䣬輸߸á
ƫͷһҶɣ¶һĨϲɫ첽ǰ˵ҶɰöΣ䶼ˣҽ⣬ƽʱϲСʲôģߵϡ
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ҶָգЦʵ֪·ڵص´ã
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ҶЦ˵ѫû⣬ʮѣͷ㡣ѫĴͷܻһǿķ߷ǳˡ
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ҶһֱЦļ˵ʱҲˣȥӣѫӽҵĹѫ㶼ϴţߵ鷳ˡ
һĵ˵ͷ˵ˬ죬ǿڽһƳһķߣһǰģպá
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̾˿˵ܼҵģûܼҵģѫôԺͻ֪߰ɣóǹȥ
΢΢һЦ˿첽ͣķȥ
ܻסǳԣÿһλսԱԼ׼䣬վθߵ֣ͨԱܵһִסӳѡ͸ʽС¥ҶɷֵһмҾߵһӦȫִܰװ޷񣬵뻧¥»һС԰ļ紺߸ߵľ֦ͷɫϡߴߴиͣ
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ҶϷյĽ˺񱻴˼ѪƵ˷ⶫ൱ӵ֣ԸĹɶս뵽оÿһϸ˻ȲɽϷоһ档
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408 걮
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410 쵶˫
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ҶȪˮƿյߺ˼ڣöߴһ˴죬һԡ
ԣߴΰˬʵЦ磬Сӻز¶Ҽʹ׼˫һʱսģʽյӦ̨˲ɱܲҵһԵ
Ҷ¶һĨЦݣһԵ˵Ҫġ˵һ룬ߺͿȣһãã
СѣĪʲôˣ


412 һ
Ҷתվһ뷢ĻˣϵƤ⻬󣬿ƣ΢евһĨľâһ֪λΪ׵Ĺߡ
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Ҷ֪ټʶĹܴ书ʽбϳԷʦ·ǰλ˶ǴղŴʱõĽбʦţʦĪнҲ˵˵ҲǫѷһЩ
˵һЦ˵£Īͷ˸ͽܰ
ҶԼϲ¶һ˿ϲɫȴ˵ʦ˼ٲҲֻѧһЩƤë
ϵЦ֮һɫһ˫â˸Ҷһɨ˵ѧЩƤëҲŵý˫ϵҲԩ
Ҷͷһü˵ǰǼ˫ʲôˣ
Ц˵Ϸвգ꣬ʮǰĪͷϷսһ˰Уû뵽ŮְͽϣϷһ̨ȥһûòĶ
߻˵һͻȻͣվԭشӵۣΪĪĵѾƾʧ֪ȥ˺δ
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ҶϷգûʵôˣ
ƲƲ˵첻ԼҪһһôϷ¶ô
Ҷֱ̧۾ٿһϵֱʱȻѾһ죬Ѿǵڶ˵㣬ѹߴ١
˼Ҳ֪Ϸһҹȥϴͳ
δ䣬Ѿܽϴԡ䣬ˮͷϴ˸ˮһ˳ٶʰվǰ
Ц˵Ϸ൱˯һͶʡˣʵ˵Ӯ˶ٹѫ㣿
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Ҷͷ˵ѹͷңŪ컹ָ˵ʲô˰УͷţƤıߡ
üͷ΢ʵòǸһɣ
ҶЦ˵ûҰŮڵ̨ˣ׵úܣ̨ϳִӲڣ̨һˣġ
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ůȴ캮ضпյҲ䣬һ·̸Сʱһɽ£·Уֻͽɽ
˳ҶӣΧ££᫵ɽ·ǰȥ·ǻѩŲ淢رûѩСҶθѩ˸ܽӴʱץһŰѩΧľʱһѩյҧһڣ߱治ֺ
ӿ˽Ųֵһ֣ȴúܣӳμɸ󣬱ҵľ롣
һǰһԼô˴ͷƹƬïܵİ֣ԽһᾹʯСϿȣǰһŶĹӴԺǱΪһҵҡ


413 鵤
ҲзӵܶѾ뿪ɽеլԺүȴܲóеһҺĵӳסǳҵ⻹һҪԭֻɽˮڲƷʵĵҩҵ
ҶԺǰֳֻͭŻߵ˼£ŻµľͷƺЩرһߵͻᷢľһõĴľ㣬ҶɶĤһ顣
֨ѽصľű˴򿪣Ҷɿһĵ׳治ĴڵģǰҵĴBŮ޵ݣһųүǵķŨüӴֽۣɫɽͷϹˣųȥʱ¼缶ͷΡ
С㣬ˣղүӻأλġ
׳ѾЦˣ¶һڰݣް޲Ҷ׼ĺ棬˵е㺩ŴͫĴҶɣǵڶμС˵ţȻҪ࿴ۡ
ӣһõ˵ʲôҵģλסǧĴ󹦳үүҴһ档
׳ٺЦסϵΣÿſڴ˵ԭǹ͵ţ
Ҷɿ첽߽ţѹ˵үүҪ쵤ԼŰͺá
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵УҾ͸үҳ쵤ҲᡣԺķӣЩͷǳ죬ͷʫƣǧżһͷⷿӽʵס·˰֮Ĺޡ
ԺͷСʮõĵȻǺصשֹηȹԷǳסҲ̹⡣
ߵһͷǰƫͷҶһۣһƣֻһ죬Ŷʱеš
һõĴװ޷ӵţԿһȼ̿Ĵ¯ůģֲоаƣмȽյľţһλڱ¯ԣһľѵĳǥһ⿾ţ߰ŸϹӣͦרҵ
ҶɿУǥϴһ⣬Ѿ֨֨ðͣȻǸУת⣬ͣµĻ˿˿ѪˮȥƤҲ죬ˢٶҲζϹһϺõ⡣
ÿѾתͷ¶һĨЦݣкԳðүүһԿ⡣
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ҶǰĴ˸˵үүá
үһۣ΢΢һ˵סǧҶɰɣ᱾²СҶɣùɲ㡣
Ҷһǫѷ˵ү˵ûסǧҲӳڣҾǸֵġ
үӹһЦСҲǫˣмＸұ˭ףҪץǧǵèĹǷ˵򡣡
뵱ǧֶθ߸ˣר͵ɺ͹Ҫ͵Ķʧ֣оͷֵµĹҲ൱û뵽﷭Сס˲֪ǧı£Ϊʧ֮һүӿúܣסȡҩ¯ȫǰλ֮
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үӴ֣ЦһֻСèүүèʲôèץľǺè
ˣǰסүӸ첲ҡΣҡ¾үһУҡ
ҶæǰʵүӣⲻУ潹滹û죬Ҫԣ
ŶүĿһЦʵ῾⣿
ҶһĴ˵ǰģҪǿòãҡ
ү̰ǥݸҶɣЦ˵Уֻóץıúүү㼸ǶԡöҩҶɵ˼ýһرͷ鵤⣬ȥҲһμѻ
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414 ݾ
Ʈ֨֨죬ǥַתҶɿı¾רҵģԾĻѭһĽƮζյһԵүʳָ󶯣޲ǰ˺һ鿾ȳΪ죬Ҳסӣ֪СҶǰû뵽Сӿ⾹ȻүүģֻҪźүүͣҩʱҲɣ
ˣҶǥ鵶ڿϻ˼ֵݵүǰЦ˵ǳȳ⿾ζСıš
үĹ˵࣬˺һŽ⽹ۣŨڣһ¶˺һ
óԣҺܾûԹôڵĿˣȥүүľóһһƱ
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ܿȡһ̳ƺСƱҶɿ̳΢΢һ䣬̳ӸԼһ߰룬ͨīй⣬Ȼһϵīɵ̳Ѿֵƣ֪ʲôþҪ̳װ
ү̳⣬һŨľʱƮ˳ҶɺͷһסһĭƽʱҲϲһڣζ֪ƷͬѰ
үӰںƱС㵹̳һ߰ɫľˮע뱭УԼ֮λ֣ٵһŨľһ߰ɫҺƮɢںþ֮˶Լֱջ
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Ҷдк棬̲סʵүӣʲôƣ
үӶƱյǼţЦ˵ȻǺþƣԹкôһԡ
ҶֶƱǳǳһڣŨƺһɵҩζ¾ˮ˲䣬ֻһ˳ź죬ճ뵤ƺˮ̲סֺһСڣ¾ˮһһ뵤ĸо
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ҶɰѾƱյһԺͻȻһˣ֥һֱǳ֮Ϊ̫Ķ˵ֶˮ١
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Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵֪һ㣬ݾƵһΪѵõĺö
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Ҷɲ˵Ӧ֥ݾƣ׳Ƶ̫֥꣬ݲ̣ڰϡ˵˸ģϣǧ֥Ҳڰϡ
¶һĨ𾪵ı飬˰ҲĴָ޵Сӣǵһȳõˣ
ݾƵǧ֥ҳҩ¯ĵڶұഫҵһҩ˼ҩʱзֵıҩֲ֥λӸֵһС飬µ֥ҩ֮УΪǧ֥룬ҩһ¯ҩЧĵҩ˵쵤
ҶǳǳһЦ˵ʵλѾð֥ݾƣйرҩζζŨ
¶һĨȻı飬ͷ˵ѹˣ֥ƱǼѵõĶݾƵ֥ǧ꣬ǵҩıнָ׸ǴСһѾҩǷ֥ƵĹЧȶ쵤Ҫʤ֡
Ҷ˺һ鿾ݸһԵ˵Ҫȳԣ˾Ͳóˡ
ӹСҧţͷյүӶߵ˵үүҴӦ˴üö쵤ģɲС
Ц˵үүСԿ׸㣬ȥȡöˡ˵һͭԿ׵ݵŮϣֶƱϸƷ
ָסԿȦȦҶɻ˻ΣЦӯӯ˵߰ɣȥҵʶʶ
ҶվϹ־˸˵лүӣȥˡ˵һ룬ѾקŸ첲⡣
Ҷɸ첲һηǰһƬͭԿ״˷ţ߽ڣǽһשʯͷһҶɺµĵ΢΢һ𣬽Ż³ȥ


415 ۽֮Դ
³ĵһָͣԿȦһһ󶣵죬ǰʱһƬ
ҶɿһڵĴţһ̽ң֣Ǳһӣдĸ֣롣
ߵǰһСףеԿȦѻͭԿζУԿ˳ʱ뷽ŤתȦһԿʱӷŤתȦֻһ죬Ż򿪡
ңߴˡƫͷҶ˵һ䣬ְԿȡԿȦϣ˽ȥҶҲ߽ڣǰһİĴ󷿼䣬שʮ׿и̨һĹӴ¯һһ˶ߵľܣϰڷ̬Сƿޣгƿƿ«ƿҲ֪ûװŵҩ
߲žȲŵµשҶҲѧ˾Ųֱּߵұǽλñֱ߳¯ȥ
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ллҶɶֽҿƿϵķڣ㵹һö쵤ģ쵤ںĲۣյǼһɵҩζôͨĵ裬ǱƤӲģһڿǡ
Ҷҡҡƿ죬ƺװŲٵҩеĵҩŻƿУֵ˼öղŵһСȥûʲôرһöĳ嶯ְеĵҩһŻƿУҡҡٵö
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ҶɲİϵĵҩŻƿӣֵöʵĿؾĥʱ䣬Ҳû˼
Ҷϵı΢΢һ䣬ŵҩС£ϴһãã۽֮Դ
ˣ⼸öˡ
Ҷ˵΢΢ôҲ벻ԼľٶȻ˺öȻ֪۽֮ԴʲôһԿ϶ʾֳĶǺö
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ҶɽҿƿǣСİö쵤װ˽ȥϸӣ̧ͷ˵鷳øƿӹôⶫ̫أ׼ֿװ
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Ҷһĵ˵ͷ˵ģƲ¶׵ĵҶö쵤ʦҲǽ軨׷ˡ
¶һ˿Цݣ˵ТĿɼΣȻᣬȥƿӹ˵תľȥҶȵıӰĪһ
뿪ʱѾ㣬̤ѩԭ·أһ·ҶѾûʱѩĺ£һ˫۾Σ߽һƬӣϴ
Ҷ̧ͷѭȥֻӰСվ֦ͷ˫һִӺͳһѵװŸ׼֦ͷ
ಡŸ鼤һţ߸֦ͷֻһûȻ׼ޱȡҶ²߹ȥתĴǰеʵͦʵģȥһ
һֻ˵ƲƲ˵Ƿ񣬺úõĳ˫ɶԣʲô
Ҷͷֻе˹ȥ˵ҴôҪϲʹȥţ˳򣬻ȥͿҩͺá
Ŀһֽӹֻ˵ķ˵֪ܸľͺã˾ڻסҲԺû±ˡ
ҶڨڨһЦѵڰ˵ˣԺ˾ȥרǶǻ
һЦû󣬰ľͷɣϲ˵α俴úأϣܱȳóɼĹǶȥ
ҶЦ˵Ǹðģöһ顣
¶һĨõЦݣ˵͵仰ˣʱҪϧŶ˵ʱƤգ˼£ƤСҶһ·ͷ˼


416 ħŮ
˷ػѾĺɽֱӰҶ͵סլ¥£ٱʱСһ䣬쵤һֻܷһöˮͷɣҪȵܷ֮õڶöҩЧⶼүүԭҩЧҲ˵˵Էס
ǧ֥Ǵ󲹵ĶҶɺһСҲöǶصҴϴһ£һö쵤൤ҩףһ׿ɵ¿Ϸ˽ȥмȿԸֶսַɣһϹҪǿ̫࣬ٴ򼸳̨ܶǿʵս飬ʱҲ
ҶڽǰµһòһŴף緢Լվ乬⣬ѾʧЧֵ¶һһ飬ڣʡһʲСķá
첽ߵ乬ǰһһƽУҶɷһö쵤Ϸﲢûоκǻů˵ͥŲߵ޵ĽԣϴŶ˶˻Ӽǰȥ
˼Сӣ컻һˣˣøСӾݡ
Լôӹ⾰һŽǰͣ˽ȥףҶϵıȻһͣԼһƬĸ̲ϣ̤ŵĴɳмϡմ̣תͷһۣĽڣѾ˻ɫϸѱŷ
ˣطӰûУôޣҶһ䣬ǰͽȻֳһķ
ҰһƺţʤħֵʮʣೡΣսߣޣǷѡս
ҶͷаˣʱûսߣҪҪȥһأ˼䣬һ죬תͷһͷ췢Ů˳嵽ԣ̧ͷ˼룬ͽȻʧ
Ҷɷǰڵݷ˸ı䣬ʣೡαһսһжһ֣塣ղŵĺ췢Ů˽žѡս²ԥѡս
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Լʮͷģͷ̤ľ죬ͷŸ̵Сӣ˷ţ޹ǣַǵʿı־´ͷֳһնֺ̣ѸݣҪĶҶɸղŴҴҼһ棬壬ͷ췢ɢüۼɱڣʱֳһᵶҰһսһš
ᵶʿԶ̣УҪĵʤͿʹ˹Ρ
ҶɲΪʲǫ̂͸ʿսϵıѾһЩߣʿֱȡҪɱȻлȫһ޲ðѶ̻ļƣᵶȻӴȴԵӲޱȣȥöñʿ¡
ҶҪޣȻҪ׿û࿴ҰһĽǸŮ˼ͬ飬Ϸ˿ԸսһεʿҪֵϹڴ˷ѡ
Ұһĵܿ죬Ǽĵܹܴһ׽ĽǶȴ̶֣̲ʱ䣬Ѿ˼Ѫ˿ڣҧгݻӵȴ֪Լȫ·磬ɱֻǳ顣
Ǻһ죬ӰȻֿҰһƫͷеĳ䵶ʣָڵϷ紦ƺ°˼֣һϥѾ˵ϵĻɳ
εһðεԸŮˣ˭
һλ׳ȭͷһӣ·һȭյڲҰһϡ
εһŮϣֱ
֪СӴŪϷա
̨Χ۵㺭ٺҲ̲סϧֻ̨ϼ䣬˭Ҳ޷ı̨Ů˵ˡ
һǿŮˣαɱּܻޣÿһζڲҰһε¡
̨ϵ˫ۺŶĲҰһƺѾ֪ԼˣǸһĨЦȻַ̧תᵶĨԼĲӣһѪɽʧȥ浹£ѪڻɳѸٱɣֻһ̲ʪۡ
Ұһ¶һĨ죬ڵϷ΢΢˼´վӣԵɳϵŮһ촽С⶯˼ƺʲôڵϵŮҲ彥͸һϸĹƮȻɢȥ


417 Խϵ
Ŀ֣˴⣬ҰһڣһͣΪ׷εϷɱ˵ģսвܶԷŮӰ쵽ľĽնڵ£Ůס֣Ҳסִ
һ׹Ҷվʬʧĵط˻ԴϷʲôãǳתּͷǵĸо˦˲ܾս
ҰһְγҶɾһ˵εҰһָ̡Ļ˵÷ǳѷֱǵˡ
Ҷɷִӱؽ˵ָ̾ˣҵֵİε
Ұһ˫ֽյ´죬˵ʼɣ䣬һ㵶бָҶɣ·һɱɵչδȻɭɱ
ҶѾһδ޵ľ飬Ĭʼгǰݳ»˹ȥʮת˲ؽһڹɵƥ䣬ѣȫԸ
ҰһŤۻչʮݺύ֯ĹӰĽسϣǺॡҶؽ̧ηڣۼѵ˲ҰһŵںڽƷֺ󱳣ʽʹóȫ
Ұһоâ´֮ҽǲۼ佣飬һǿĳ˫΢΢һ飬֪˾С
ҶɹһЦˮ㳩ƶؽңǰοɱ޼Ѱƶ̫죬ٶҲ̫죬쵽ҰһĿ޴Ӳ׽ƶĹ켣ֻûӶгնĵ⻯һϻס㲻ȡʤҲܱһʱǣֻٶȼѰɱ
콣Ͽ쵶ᴸ裬öϿҶռϷ磬ʵѥϷ޴ӷӣֻƾ߶ŲʱһŲȻֵһ̣ҪսĲǲҰһļޣιǼޱˬ顣
̨¹սҼʶһʵĶԾ쵶콣һһ˫ãϴƫҶɣòϲҰһеĿ쵶ȷж֮Ƕ֪ħľлûą֪̃λֽܷסǰԵ׵һ
תۼùһ飬ҶͽȻսοԾ𣬾Ծ˲䣬Ұһ˫ֽյת𣬽һڵȥ׼ȷֽףһ辭һߵɱѸٳɳ׼ȷݼսҪҲֻɲǼ
Ҷڰգ壬ͷһշתͷ½ųϣ˫ֳֽȫ£һвԵ뽣дİԽ˫۽ŲҰһӣȼĻ硣
ޣҪ·ӵϳĲҰһնڽ£裬ɱˣ裬ɱǺһĤĽҶɳֽ˲ն䣬ҰһŽٶ䣬ͽȻֳҶһ˦ˡ
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ɱҶһȣؽɽӭŲҰһɱȥһ㾡ŭӳѾǽһ־һƣѪȾأնɱһС
ཻۣ渽һ˶Ĥ飬лλãҶֳؽǰƣŲѾͣɳأûǰϰ벽ϱȥһ飬˿ɼǣѪ졣
ҰһŰ빪ƣеĳѾϳأֻʣµУ¶һĨȻЦݣ϶˵áԵĽҡˡδ䣬һ˵ȥ̼仯һ׹Ʈɢ


418 鱨
ҶʤˣӮʮֵͷһ³ƺţʤħһնɱʤħҰһȻôһֵĳƺţ֮ħ뵽С˵һλ޵и֣ħܣҿĳƺǰ˸ʤñЦ
ʮֵյҶɵһЦѡ뿪̨һ׹Ѿǰϣ˵ļϴһ⣬ƫͷһ˿ѾʧϷϾϷӮһ̨޸ȫ˵ĲλҲȫԭ״̬ӭһּս
ղŸҰһսҶɻ࣬˼սŭķʹðԽоһѷԺҪ໨ʱսС
Ҷɲ뿪ӿ첽ȳǰȥ˼һ󼱴ٵĽŲתͷȥֻһ췢Ů˽ԼŮ˲ǰż塣²ͣͷȴƣŮ˸ʲôѲлҿ˲Ұһ
ǰһŽţһ̨Ҷ˽ȥǰһƬ֣һ̨̨в˹սվſڣĬޣǰ̳һ
ƿƺţ˵УֵʮʣೡΣһսһĸˣ˵ֶЩ֣ڡᡢĨڣƺҲر𣬽Ĺ
ȻпλҶȻŹѡսһѾ̨ԣԭ̨Ĵһѹֽʣһ
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еĴ޹ɣѡһĴһͬʱ޶Уǰͬ⣬Ĵһ踶ͨ˶ֵҲ˵һսֵΪ㣬ĴһҪʮ㣬Ӯ˲ܻøֵ൱ڴĳԼʵҲֻһȨϡ
Ĺս£ƿȴһüû磬վ˫ȭѵ֣Ѿ˵̨һǣӻסĹսһѾض๥٣ֻ̨ʱ⡣
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˼䣬һŮлл㡣ҶһתͷȥվԼϴһĨĺΡ
ûʲôлģҴΪ׬ȡֵ
ҶɵӦһ䣬ְĿͶ̨ƿͽȻһȣж̹ɨˣڶ̹ɨ˲סȻһɨĹͬʱһƿӹһխгһɨ֮˱ˣ˱һֱۣѪǿսսҲۿۡ
ĹˣƿзЦͳȥ̨˲תҶ̾˿ûж˵ʲôһսߣĹҲֻܹԼѧղһʿɹ۵ֵ͸
ƿгǷƷ磬һ־ӵ쾡£һǰֹʱˣغĹ˱أ׹볡ʣµ˱ȷأܱɱҲֻʱ⡣
ƿͨʮ˰ʹļȲǹҲǵצɱֻϣֳֵӥצʱ׼һսпܲӥצԸʣµĶ
Ҷÿһ仰ޱȴУ̲סתͷŮһۡ
Щʲô˼Ҷüͷһ䣬Ů˵ÿһ仰Ҫƿ书䣬Լ̨СҶ˵ЩѶϢΪҪܿܳΪ˵ʤĹؼ
嵭һЦ˵ܼ򵥣ϣӮֹƿ书·ҲҺӮøֵ
ŶҶ¶һĨȻ΢ЦѾ̨֪ҰһɱԭŮ˲ΪĥԷ书·ӶҳѹһɱѾõҪĶֻҪҵһʵ׵ߺӮȡֵǰЩͶʶֵõġ
ɷϣЩãûЩܻͬ㿴ǻкıҪô
ȻУ֪׷սĸ֣ҿ̵ʱڰ㣬ֻҪ۵ģҪֵ


419 
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Ҷ֪ѾΪĶ˵Ҹ˵ģұ֤㿴һȫµĹ硣
Ҷͷһʵô÷
΢΢һЦ򵥣ֻҪңĬˣͷϻһĺɫǣΪֻҪ綼ʱҡ
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Цݿ˵һ˵֮һҲ˵ܻʮֵսĨȥͷʮͿˣҪرСƿʹթ
ҶɵͷףҴ˸ֵδ䣬Ժа׹Ѿվ̨ϣԭղŹŸ죬ûע̨ϽĹѾȫƿ֮
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Ҷɷؽޱ˵սپóȥԸͣʼ
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ȻҪ죬ֱ˵ķӾӲӲؽ޷ɲâէֹǡ
ƿһƫתһϸĽǶȣϢŽбȥͬһ˲䣬ǰָ̽繳ҶţɭھָƥС
Ҷзεһתѵƿ󣬷һȫ󾱣һ죬ʱǡô
ƿУȫӥצɱ֣û뵽־ֱѡܣǰ֮Ʋɶֹֻǰˣ򦣬ͼֵĹơ
꣡ؽڳֱλü𣬽ֱӰƿյָȥʹһǰףתսʣ粽Լ
ҶռϷ磬мý۸һָˣ˫ȭ׼ðȭԵС
ƿŻ߽Ķ֣ͻȻһҧ˵Ӯˡ˵ܹ䣬ֻȶԷȷϡ
ȻҶһһ嵽ǰȭؿڣ飡һ죬ƿӺƶߵֽ㵹ɳȥ۶ϵعֱӴ࣬Ѫ磬ʱȻ˿
Ҷһ۵ϱƿޱ˵ֱӷҪȷϵġ
ƿ¶һ˿Ц̧Ĵָ˻ش䣬彥͸һĹɢ١
ʮֵˣҶվԭش˰ѡ볡ſʱѾˣŮϻһƿûǵİʤȪ
ҶЦЦ˵ɣǷֵˡδ䣬ǰһѡ㽻ףѡǡ
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ҶĬʱͬǰ̳һʱڣ֪Ѿϰ˵㣬ҡҡͷ˵ڲУһкҪҪ죬Ҫȵңʱ˺㡣
һĨʣЦ˵õģǳ죬ټˡ
ټҶĬ˳Ϸܿ˫ۣ򿪲ոű˅һ򿪣һƤ˽


420 ţ
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һȵĴսԱǶһֿ飬սӶ˳׼ȫһսϽе׵սӣҲǹսսӣ齨սӳ⡣
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ί䳤ϺܲεΣ˴δλϾ컯캽үӣһλܹϵ£ƽʱ붼벻ίżȻмʶĸоһҲΪ
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ԵĻλˣĳ֧ܰսϰԱ⻹иĦľоӢǣҶڴ͵ųƻǿսսӾʶԾгǿߣǿǾϧȲʣǰó۷ʵ
λίѾһ´ʺʽʼԳǩķʽսڳǩĹа֧սӾɳΪϾʾ׵ļޱݡ
Ҷսλ¾͸ȥǩط𳡶Ͻǣλеƫսܹ˾ˣСҶӳʶŷĶףҶ֪λս¶ԱǰĴкܿͳ޻̸ĺѡ
衪żֵĽ𣬴ӳڴ߽ͷţȫ׳ĴˮţĿÿһͷһǧٽ£ÿһͷˮţ϶ϵһ۴ֵĳˮţԸվһֳֳ޵ĴͷţǣλվվһһţݵĴˮţͷ쳶˵ϵݡ
һıδ󺺴ӹϯվһԾ볡УߵͷţĿλϣȵ˩ֽϡ
ֳֳ޵Ĵǰһ˩˴ֽϣ󺺶Գ߹˸ȦҾ˵սӸݵһûʲôɣֻһţ񣡡


421 ֻǱ
Ҿȴİƶĸֱ޴˸ƣ˿첽ߵţг޶ţƨȥ
žžž޽ʵʵţϣͷţʹ֮·һУӴ󲽳ǰȥڵϵʱֱͷţεǿߵĹϯϴֽŸһͷţϵıһɣǻһ˿Цݡ
žžž޲ͣ˦ţϣͷţǰ壬ɲô޷һסͷǰĴˮţûκμɣþоӢ۷֪˭һãȲһƬ
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ҶСˮţıԸ˲С𺳣һ˷ܵվƣдкá
ŷһѣ˵СӾһͦӾˣսӵͷƣֽкõ˷ݶ
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ĸϴôˮţվǣţ뿪˳ء
һݾԾ볡УԹϯ˸֣Ӱ˵սéСգΪұǹ
䣬ڴ߳ǹʵĴ̧һԼʮ׳׸߽ߵŷ£ֱܿ챻Χһ뻡Σ֧ڽ屳סһסǿײҲᵹ¡
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Ҷû£վŵȴۿݳŷҲǰվԣ˵éСյǹж֮Сۿſ죬һ˺Ѵﵽ־磬ȤҿСӽ㡣
ҶһƫͷŷʵȻȤ𣿡һֱѧϰǹ˽һ֮á
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ŴǻеĹéСһӵǰƷв֪ʱѾסذףκƹȰƮڴǰһȦд϶һĿĺߣǹҲûп۶
ذƳɵĶпͿźɫϣذףгǹѾĨ˲ӣǹ߾粻ӵڳɹܷɵͬʱɱǹ֮УϯϵľоӢǶǹм֣֪éСһĵ˾޿ǹе֪ͨлҪǹȴһջܽǹ־Ǵ
žžžҵһƬþòƽϢܴ俪ʼǰѾ˹ǵģԽĴڴ


422 ͵
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ŷͻȻ뵽ʲôüͷ˵ƽʱϸ߹ϵǵǰһȾƣС˵˲ǵһ֣Ǻ˽ｻ֣ҹϸ߿϶ˡ˵ϸ߾սӸӳ߲ƽʱϵһȾ죬͸¶ϢڱüΪҪ
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Ӧ˫أָ̧ŲҶ˵һкҪҪ졣
Ҷ΢ЦĲм򣬵˵ԶЩô㡣
һ۲ݵϵǳӣЦתǰȥܸƵ죬æתͷȥֻѾȭսһţȭż죬ƶĲҲ޴ĥϵƤ΢΢鴤£תͷӿ첽ǰȥ
ӦһԾ˫ȭƷְ㵷ҶͷȭֺֿݣȫӲӲĴ򷨣¶ֻķʽս
ҶɾǲԸ̤аٱ伲ߣֻ򵥵İƶԵУǰгӦ˴ȱ۵ͣҪʤѣҪʤ͵Щˡ
ӰֺϣɲǼݣת˲䱼ͻɽƺХؾȥһ㣬̨ϵĹ˫Բ©һ㾫ʡ


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أӦһĨŵɣκηӦѱһɰԵõɳȥҶɲӷԶһѿסף˾һֹסǰɵĹԣ̽һѾס
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תͷһ۹ȥ˵սӳ߲ΪĸʸϣϤ˶ϲϸߡ
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Ҷ΢ЦŻһ䣬ӿ첽صսλŷŶһеİŹӣа㱻˵ģ
ȻҶ˸ĴָЦӮù͵ƯȿǺúôһȥ
ҶڨЦ˵ҾͲȥˣǳҴһȥͺãԼһϷ׬ֵ
üͷ˵ϷϾֵֻĶҲҪ̫ˡ
Ҷһ˵Ϸڶʱڲʵս飬Ҹо治٣ȡ򼸳̨ʱһ
˵˵ҲеʤʧܵοҲҪ̫ˡҶϷ׳Խȥǰйӡ
ҶɵһЦִμ˵İɣзִ磬вٸ֣սǳ񫣬һˡ
οЦ˵зִͺãȥһ˰Ϸȥ
ҶͻȻֳһָһ˷ܵĴƣϳˣ촩ģǻӶֱ
ѭָķȥУ촩һ׻ɫװѸĹյð͹£ԺŸβһȼյĻڳԾ
ģô鵽꣡
ɨһĶ֣ϵıȻһͣȭһǣ·ݺһȭĶ֣սӸӳա
Լʮͷģøߴ˧һͷĳ͹ˮҲ˼ߵ֮
ܵһŮ֮ƣүӰ飬ߴӲȱ׷ߣǰĶվ֮һһôڣʼնǣû뵽ڳǩϳ˶֡
ǰվм䣬̧˵սնս׼ʼ˵һӣ˿֮ĶԾͬͨдǴ͵Ĵڡ
˫ֱƫͷŶ¶һĨ٬Цݣ˵ԵҲĶ㶯֣һӺˣȥһĵطƷΣ
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424 ɱ
׷٣ܲԸⳡ䣬Ļͷһѻ¶һĨааЦݣǰֱһơ
һݶϣ˫ӳһƬӰȻӰֱ̽ؿڣһƿףʵ֮˷ʤ
ĵղŲæ̧бٿһ¸ŸߵһͻȻòףջѾֻһҧΪߡ
ӵһתܹһţ֮Ƶ˫ٿչĶֺģֻΪսʤ֣ŮȫԸ
Ůţֱ
ҶɿУ̲סҧһ䣬ŭӰԶԶΧֻսӳԱҶĵԸһŮ˴ףûҶһ
գȱ£ײһҪݺݽѵһ١
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Ҷ¶һ˿ɫƫͷŭݵΣ˼뺮˵ͷҪⱲӾͳû̫࣬ʱɵðҶšֻҪα̬ЧͣҪǸʹеļһ̫ಢʲô¡
һ㵣ǻŭ˽һˮ˲Ϩ˵˽ѵһٿԣе㵽ֹСǧְʶҶɵֶΣëСóʱֳʲôӳǱ
Ҷ̾˿ûٶ˵ʲôȡʤƾֶΣʵҲֲº֣Ϊһаʽʦû취ȥ
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ռԼռϷͷһˬһĹͽȻǰһ̽ץؿڣ˵һ֮ʧһצΪ֮
Ϊ̨ϴһŭȣСү۳űŮŴα۸ŭˣİһվ
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հһҧΪȭݺݵͷõһĵڵϣҧŶ֣˼˵ˣвҪעʲôʽֻ˵Ҽˡ˵첽ߵίϯԣȥչȥ˶ߵ˵˼䣬ת첽뿪
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һҶֱ̧뿪ȥı䣬ûıȶûʲôͷȥս
ҶɻصѸٻ·ɽϷգͷ˫ۣʶ˼Լվ乬⡣
ֵܣ
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ΰߵǰЦ˵һôϳ޸ĹӰɣʵܼ򵥣Ľر𣬶û
ҶڨڨһЦʵô䣬ǰһѡǷѡϷеô򵥡
ΰ΢΢һЦ˵Ľͨ˿̫࣬Ҫõİ취װǶˣУһҳ
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ΰ˺ѣЦ˵Լ˼һûȤһȥһѣ
ҶЦ˵ʲôҪʱ䣿
ΰɫһ࣬˵㣬һطһͷֻҪɱһʱöսһҧˣͷʵѾﵽԲһȥˣߣˣöͷ֣ɱҪСʱңȥĻһ


425 
ɱԲİҶɶʱȤСʱãǸһЩҲᵢı䣬뵽ڴӦ
Լȣҹ㶫ҲЩҩƷãԽĬҩƷͿˣҩƷܱˣκһжˣ׬ֵޣͲͬˡ
ΰǾ켣İ֪ϷϺޱĸҶɣҪڹл÷ˮ˻ֵ⻹һݾ
һǿǵϷҲϷϷȻǿʧȥɱȤڹŸǿޱȵޣɱһʣƷֵƷǵֻһֶ书ؼޱ书ؼĶѧϰؼصĹȫʵģϷͬ
ĹΪ죬Բ֮ţԲһ쾳쾳Բ֮ʥ龳˵еĹ侳硣ҽ֢֮ҩҩЧⲻ֪ĹֶͬӦһ˵һλͬһ㾳Ĺ°빦ͻͽ֮뱾粻ĹչʮعҲֻ˴
ޱؼ׼ȷľ֣֮Բҵõһ쾳ؼͬһڼɡе书ؼǳѵãɱһͷ߾Ҳѱһؼ
ΰĶҶ˷֮иǳڴɱܱһؼ׬ˣԼѧϰ⻹תȥ׬ȡһֵȻ̫򵥣˭һؼǹеؼ˴·
ṩҩƷֻ֣һֲѪһ˵һֵּƵĻ굤ѪǲֵÿһƿԲһ㣬ÿܹоŵֵľÿһŲѪֵһǧֵ⻹˵Ķ
˵˼˵ĵҩϷ˺ܳ˺ʧѪ״̬˲ѪҲסʧѪЧ˿ʱϣмҶֽ̱ʧѪ״̬ʱһ˵ڶʱڻָ˿ڣǶֶϽ֮ҲڶʱڻָٷһŲѪûһսڻ£һ˵ǧֵ
굤ĵҩÿһۼ۸ߴֵǿʬʧǰ˲临˿ȫֵָʣһ㣬ûмʱܻܿһΣֵҩоԣÿֻһš
ҩƷ̨Ͻֹʹã¿ʹãһ񣬵ڶǸɱҲϷPKаȫڰȫɱ˲ǲУܵΪصĳͷÿһжнȫɱͷֺκɱܵͷɱһ԰ɷΧ̻ܵϷ߰ѽĹƵ쳣ǿ쾳ɱֻдﵽ˵еʥ龳⡣
ϷûгֹɱĺƷȫѣֵ㣬ϷϷĹ򣬹ͬҪعPKɱ˲ܵͷ
ΰ˶ʮŲѪ˵õõ֧źܳһʱ䣬ҶҲѧͬĵҩһһŻ굤ֵͨһ㲻ѡݳƷɱҲǸѡ
ҩƷΰҶ乬һľԣ˩ʮƥЩһ֣ʲôá¬׷硢ӰױʨӡǹŴıѡҲѡ衣
һƥţСʱɣԶȥܿ͵ҳǡ
ΰһ䣬ǰǣһƥͷȥʨӡ
Ҷ߽ȥǣһƥּǰһѡ裿ѡ裬һʱѡһСʱʮСʱȣѡСʱÿСʱһǧֵǣȥжپһˬĸоʵǵߵƨ顣
泤һ·˲ٹߵĿ⣬ҶǰҲˬ죬֪ΰ߳˳ţתͷһֳۣϷ֣ǡ
ΰսתͷЦ˵ͷ򱱣Ĭ󣬼ǵһҪ۾ͷۻϵȥֱҪһϷΧܿͻ鵽ʵҪĸо


426 жϣ
ͷ򱱣˫ۣĬҶֻ߷Хӷ·ڿշУ̶̼ͻȻһ׹У˫أǰһ߼ʵأһԴ͵ǳݲֲϣܼȽвףǰããһƬѹֽ
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ŶҶӦһſǰһʾΰ飬ѡܾ
飬Ҷɿ˵й룬ɽĽи˽з֣˵ֺر𣬷ǿһܿܳΪŮԹС
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һֳŴĺñ£ܸǿȥѰԼɣһ̾ܲ˽Ҫȫɱ
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ǰǿ͹ൺѰһֱѰ̫ɽֻԵһ˾ȥԶĵԼСʱǷһֲïʢĴ죬ɷǿǵѰܿ췢ֵ޵٣ӷͽӡϷóһϲѵĽۣȺ
һ׺ݴĶᣬȼɭϣǿľƶϣȺӵп϶һͷ޴ڣͷһȼӿ첽ʼѰ١ܿ﷢¹ȺҰټЩȺϲʳ֤ϵȺ١
ﶵ˰ͷңǿһɽ﷢Ⱥϰͷǣͷѩ׵С̣СץȥΪһܴ׬һʣʱ˲׽̵ͷȡһ˸ۣתУãץסͷ÷¹˻ڽӽȺĵطͷȽ˵¹ȫſɽ
ͷ÷¹ƴӴܣȽٶȴۿۣȺл˹ȥܿͰͷ÷¹סɱȺ׷¹ĵڣݷɽһķǿ׳һȦ׼ȷסһͷС˹һѾס̺Ƥתӣû뵽ܳʮͻȻһŭһͷ˶ǰݾʹ͸Ĳӡ


427 ʧΰ
ǿԲֻһ֮ңƶܽɱİһ죬пԲڹѾʳ˵Ĵڣɱ϶ܱöɱԺλ׼ߣ·ıһɱ
һ˳ŴٶȴǼ죬Գ˴СʱҲ¶ƣ̬Ҷɸΰһ·ģ˵һЩϷе飬ϷյķǸˣֵطһ߸룬Ϊʵ̫﷦ζѴʱ侫·ڶСѰ޵ټ뵱ת˼²׬ȡֵ·ӣݴʵ塣
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ϰµɽ˵Ұѻ˵ǰͷҪǱ书ؼҺͶ˾֣ǽȡһ롣
ΰüͷʵ˵ؼһ¼ô˾֣
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һЦȻͽĸȥɱǵȫٶֲ
ֳַԾԣһֻв֪ʱ˸С̣¶һĨЦݡ
ǣ˳ԶʳĴ㡣ΰһ۾ϳС̣ⶫǣԲλõ겢¼꼴û˴·Ҳܻҵ졣
˵ʲôԶʳˣĸɱжǣҪǲұɱȻǽϣͬҲֵܷһЩɣ
¶һĨɫ˵ÿˣߣȥ˵˴˸ƣʾϴ
Ŀһݣ˵˸ãǵϾ͵ˣҰѳ˵ǰͷ˭ҪǸڱʲôҽ顣
Ҷǰһʾ򣬸飬顭Ҳˣһ̰Ϊߣǰͬ¶̰
ǿľΰ̾˿ƫͷҶ˵ֵܣ߰ɣ´ٴ񡣡˵ǰһԾҲ˴
Ҷתͷһۣһľֳһţ֮׿⣬ٳѾԶԶ뿪˵ϵбСڵ㣬ֱʧ
ȥԼмףͻȻͷһЦڴϵķǿҲŴЦЦһ߹һ󣬰ҶɺΰЦͷˮ
ϼһǵ϶ûʲôɣ
ΰͻȻ뵽ʲô̧ͱ˷ǿһȭҲŹЦ
ͣסЦһص˵˵ûǵëûһǽٶҲ״û߾ƾĸҪԸǲˣǾҪҪϵһԣ
ǿ̧һָΰ˵ǺԲӦܿϰ£Լк͹δûлᣬһԡ
һ˵ҹҪһλ߲濸סͦܿ棬βǻлᣬҲȥ
ǿͱͱΰ˵һһˣ̬ȥȥ
һֱֳĬҶɵ˵ܿסԸһԣΪɣ


428 
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Ҷһĵ˵ͷ˵ǣѾüˡճ־Щԣʲôкüˣ˼ֲûлС
ǿͷʵҶֵܣˣ
ҶɵһЦʮˣʮš
˫ʵʮߣҶֵĪ컯ŵ֣˫߬ݣһ˿⡣
ҶҡҡͷǣȻҶѣҾ˵˰ɣʦĪ죬ܿ䳤ϡ
ΰͷЦҶɼ˵ѹıòԭ¼С鷳뵱ʦĮһСָͷ¶˵
ҶɿЦ˵˺ܼǳҪǱͦ鷳ģıһòÿЩ
תͷЦԭǾ쳤ϸͽүǽɱ˵ˣ
ĪΪ˸ȴڹѣԶλ֮ϣΪ쳤ϵĵҶҲմ˵⣬˶ֵ
ΰЦ˵䵱ŵӣϹŴţϷͷ쵱˴ֻҪҸһǸշģǽ˲֪˲Ƥܰ
ҳཻȻҪϵ׵ģΰԱʦ⻹ѵĵһ˳
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ǿһ˻Σݺݵ˵ŵĺöҪԣ
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ͻȻŻдٶȣһ˵ǰǰأֻĸˣҪúòһ²ϵֵˣ˶Ҳһ̸
ΰνİ˰˵һ¿ԣͲ̸ˣԼֵܣ̯һһݣؼ¼һݣԭҶֵܣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵û⣬ؼԭǲҪģһؼҳ¼һݰԭˣˬɴࡣ
¶һĨϲɫЦ˵Ͳ̸ˣǺúòһɱļƻϵ
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Ҷɴӱժ꽣ҿϵĲ¶ڨЦ˵꿴ôװЩ鷳
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Ҷǰһ׶Ի򣬷ǿнףϷһСƿҩˮһСëˢ̵ȷϡ
֪ҩߣǿԭϷﻹҩֻҪɼҩĲϾͿ԰һҩǿƶöм֣ϷеҩϼΪѵãΪɱѹ׵ļҵ˳
ҶĬһʹò֪ҩСƿӺëˢ̳УëˢϵЩҩˮСͿ˽кͽϡ
ͣ´˵ϵҶֵܺϷУҺҵȺϷٶû壬һ˳ǰϷķӣ÷¹ȺûץһͷСҲҪѰ壬ֻҪѰͳɹˣǼһܴ˲Ҳһ˶̻سǡ
ƷһʱЧԣʱͻԶʧҪҵǲˡ
ڹļƻ˷ΰһ㣬ʣµ˭ҪϻشǰȫͶǡ
ƻѶݳŴȥܿߣ˴Ʒԭƻ£ǿҶɲǰУٶȳǰȥ
ֲïϻһĿ֦Ҷģ߽ӲþͷһͷһѿҶԹʳĴҰҰƺʳ˴תԴһˣǿߺ˼ֵͷȥ˿Ҷѡ
˿첽ǰУܿȺɽǿ˸ƣ¹ԼУʼ壬շźԼУɽһǺ
ŶءǺ߿·˹ĳŽǣɫ䣬̳ܣǡǡǣ


429 ֮ս
ʳ㣬Ⱥﵽһǳ˵֣ÿһǶ÷ǳ׳ʵףëɫǴ˷Χסֻһ̻צѴ˺Ƭ
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Ҷɽӹ꽣Уʵô죿ҪǲѵӲȥɱô
Ц˵һϴϷץһֻ˰ľ裬Χﲼ˰ڣһ취ð
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ҧ˵ɱǣȥɱǣɱԽԽãԶˣµĲҽһɱʱҶֵܳȥɱֻҪһҪ
ãʼǿһȣֳֳһͷǣһϹһֻۻҳţȾ
ɱ
ΰͬʱһӶеıȺҶֳֳվԭزȴ֡
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ǻȻ͵Ķ½ϵȺȴǼΪµĴڣ׺ŽᣬͬʬӴܣһͷʮͷϣʮͷɱаͷηĳǰ
˵ڵϷҺȥɢŴ̱ǵѪζеĵӲǹѾУȫѪ⣬ûûаƣ̬ӶеĶ۵նɱǰͺ̵Ⱥǡ
гŨѪζճѪͣأƬضһ֬ĶɢĹ⡣
һļֵ۵Ķǳ鴤ţţǼ˵ĹѪػأϷ߰ɱ¾ĳޱʵʬҪںܳһʱŻʧиʬѻȥ
ŶŶһ߿ǺɽȺηĹͻȻͣںˣ˳˼׾ͣſŶˣƺףͬɷǵ¡
һӰӶз˶ڿŲѵ˷ǿͷκζһֻצ㰴˲ӡ
һֵǰϧһѾצĶϷǿӣŹԾΰͷ
ΰз˫̧ȾѪĹͷ󵶺һɫƥֻҪǰ˱ض͸
ڿУβȻһڣ㼰ʱݵķټڰ˲תɱܹ棬צڵһſѪҧΰͷӰȲٶ֮죬ΰԾѳ˰ģֻһҧеĲѪӲݡ
ಣһ׹˲ӭ޿ڣƺ֪ͷ䡣
ۣ׹ⴥһ⣬һͺתӿİ׹ⱻ˲䵯ɣһأһѩ
ղҶɼΰϮгմǿоͬ飬ǿһͨأ廯׹ŨҵȷƮɢ
һ޴󰭣˶ӣһ˫۽ŶҶɣ·֪ǰλ˾ǾС
Ҷɷ꽣ּ̧佣ָ˵ɣɱû˻Ϊ
ŶءͻȻͷһХֻ׳ǰצڵһ±ǽ͸ضʱݳӣɫѪˮȾذɫצ
ȺͷХ߿Ǻ˷Ƿ·һرķʽΪź
Ҷֳֳ֪һսƲ⣬ֻȫնɱǰ޲ΪһѹŵҩƴܵҲҪƤ⡣
ΰһֱֳۣҶ࣬ǰǶԸȷҶȫնɱ
Ҷɲƽûк˰벽ֻǰצŵ棬еѪ˳צزðһϸܵСݡ
Ҷߵúÿһеĺ⣬ҪΪȥķǿɱͷޣܿ췢һε飬û취ǰͷۺ⣬෴ȻоƯ籦ʯëƽз⣬һͷƯĶô޵
Խۺûɱԣֻƴһƴ


430 ؼ
𣡰һǰצԾֻצȡҶţΪ˱غﶨҪɱߡ
Ҷ̧˫צ֮䣬ֱȡͷҪ˵ǰͽȻһͷſҧҶ¸ʱһλݵߣצõ
˵Ҷһݸ߸Ծ˫ֳֽն䣬ͭͷβһҲС
ܣͽȻͷ̧צƫͷܹ棬ݺҧҶһһ˱вɱ
ŶءȺǳѾͲסҪǰΰͷһڣſڱһʱǹк궯ȺǺƽһЩǳǰͱ˻ӵնɱ
Ҷɸսݱһʱ޷κ˺ÿν漴ʱܼʱͷӵһ߲еĶ津ܻᱻʹ룬ʱҲ㹻ݵӿ
Ϸе꽣ϾǷƷƷ޷Ტۣʮغ϶˿ҶұۺǰؾצȥƤ⣬ѹŵҩһԽ¶˿˲ָԭ״
ǵʳ˵ߣδǿĵ֣Ͼоս£вЩ꣬ŭһͻȻͳҶɣŭ·˲ȼȺǵŭצ˷ҧȥ
ΰͷն̼м촦ҲûţгնɨӣλҶ࣬ȫնɱȺǣһʱѪĽ֫ҷɣнѪζֱŨ
Ѿ˵ҶɸǰһѪܵͷͽȻ£кβһڵͷΰһҶʼδŭһӽ
أһͷ׳ĴǷ˶ҶǰһֱҧУҶɰһ̧һǶӣǲҺһƤƵķ˳ȥ
ͬһ˲䣬ҧΰƫͷһ˦ܳ˳ѪӿȪ˼ٶ൤ҩҲ޼¡
ΰ¹ͷ浹أȺһӵϣצ˺˲һ׹⣬ϵҶ˫Ŀ࣬һޱߵĺӿͷеĽʼ΢΢ʱ˿̻ȾѪİѾһͷޣаƯԣ
ҧΰûͣͶãתͷҶһۣȺսĹ룬һּĶƺҶɷŭıҵȡʤķȽɱ¾ͬļһٻͷɱǿС
뱻ȺΧûע⵽˵ǰۼһŰӰֻ̧ӵնпڰͷٿȻֻצݺݿ¸
ۣצ˺Ƥ⣬Ѫܵĳӻ˳һͷǴȥһڵסͷתܣʹòҺһӵնǰİǣۣһǿķѻڣֶɣҲ֮˵
̽嵽ǰҶһȣȺ˻˫ֳֽȫնǣһŭ𣬶Ҫնڽ¡
ХܵΣ˲ܵͷԾ˲ͻȻһŤͷһŷǸƶǵļһﾹȻû͸˫ַסһȡ
ŭİ˦Ծһڹݺն˫ϣһ˫ϣֵ˲´롣
ȺǼԴ󷢣ηҶɣ˵İ˵ǰУܿ췢ֵڿʧ̶ʮֵѾס
ҶֳؽԡѪɱ̤ʬһһϢİߵǰʱͽȻ̧ͷһͺȺ˲䰲мͷǵͷڵذ
Ѳɰ֪ԼڷԸȺǷҶԺһԼҲŵͷ໽ĴͷȥҲ˼ºȻըλܱ˼
Ҷɿߵǰһ۽ǵʼղȺǣֻҪǸҳǰ̻ӽնɱ
֮֮ؼؼҶͷһ̲鿴ؼƣ쾳
쾳ؼײˡҶǿסͷĿϲսĬʹ˲Ʒһ׹ǰһʵѾ˵ĵطкЦתͷȥֻͷֳֳ󻹸һȺˣÿһֱֳһ֪ʲôƲ硣
ҶɷִγͳŵһУλɱתĬ֣


431 ɭ
ͷôҲ벻СӾȻȿϵıһͣ˽ŲһĹǸҶСѾܳȥ˰׿⣬һҧ׷˹ȥǰǴһƱڵϿѰҰټʱͻȻһϵͳʾϲҳɹɱ
Ѿɱ˻֪˭ͷ֪ɱǵĿ϶ĸһһը˷Σһ˲Ʒص˽󰶱ߣյͻȻǸҶСӳڲԶ̳ǰʸ˭֪СӶ˵ȾҲͬʱһͷСйŹ֣ˡ
Ҷ֪ʤ㣬οϴŰаʧҪǾصǸ˻ϣƥ֪ȥĬ˼Ҳûа㶯ȥָˣֵεĻԼȶ
ϷƥһʱƣĸͷʱѾȥͻصǵȴһλǧҲ
ͷַһƲѵ飬ǸҶСӽŵµĹǳ˵ãᾢ׷һӣ಻ụ̂ԽԽȥöСӾͻӵӰ٣ԻҿƨķݶҲûˡ
оű䱻ΪµһҶӦţʶ·ֻϹһϣЩһ
ҶɿǰһƬ֣ԱһϾɵʯһҲ˲ȥʯдЩʲô˽֡
ŲҴңҶɲ֪˶ԶƬַ·ûоͷƵģôҲҲڣֵҵĽŲƺѾͣˣĻ˶ӦѾ˦Ż˽Ų꽣ǰС
Ҷֵܣ
ǰһԻΰ˽ģϷͼղϢطֻҪǺѶ˽ģʽϵ
Ҵӵϻ˸ͷ֣㱻ǶϣƥôҲ
һǳʱˣҪֻ취һȥĳڶĨɱ
ɣɱ϶УϴŰĶɱզ죿
ΰĬ˼룬ʵֵܣѾյɱϵͳʾˣ֪ʲô
ҶɴһһС˵һ룬ͽȻһЦ
Сӣܵͦ죬ҿǲӣʶľͰѰĶǻῼǷһݣֻһ취ɱö
һԵﻺ˳ָڽһһ
Ҷͷһ̹˽ս۽ǵƳִһֳڸܵУҪͬʱӲƴ϶ֲȥ취ɱһͻɺܶ࣬ԺͷתȻ뵽һʤķӣвܵһԡ
ȶҶ¶һ˿Ƶı飬˵ĶϣǾɱҲһͻɴǻֵҲǰæһ
ȴ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ߣЩ۵ֵеģ˵˵ʲôöǿֵֵ
Ҷɲ˵мһһһؼ
ʲôؼ
ͬ˫ͬʱһͬһ䡣
Ҷ̾˿˵쾳ؼƣĶϣڶɱҳ˱һ˵ûؼԸֵؼҲνˣ˻ȥ˵ûؼ
ֳʵ
Ҷ̾˿˵ϷһĶ˲ӣǰô㶾Ĺһ£ϹΪ˱Ҳɱˣ˶ҲſˣҶϵ˲û뵽˶Ǹײˡ˵˫һ̯ڳһɱιеļơ
һĨ˲ţЦ˳˵һ쾳ؼֵҲ㣬ؼˣװɣʵһɱҶСӣڽǰʯϵּƬӽСɭ֡ʯʱǰһƲѵʾκƷ֪ΪʲôһʾһףɱСϵĶҲ
Ҷɱȸ̶֣ڿƺеԺһ뵽һȶָõķӣǰһнף
ֵڽ·ҶͷһϲԼͲˣֲøˡٶȷһŲѪȷϽףֵˡ


432 ƴ
ǰйθ˽׵ľ飬û˻ᵨƭһλߣǽֵܣͬʱλζʲôȻǰûȥԣһֱȥһֵһŲѪԭء
ȸ쭣ǰһĨɭ䳹ǵڹ⣬ײشĵһƣһ߼չʬ͵һԴһɻŭӵı顣
ַӦ˰ģһչĴҶţһȥ缲磬ȴǻ
ҶɨȰ㵴ھ潣ӿ쭺̼Ѵĳת˳б򷮶ֲӣֱҪ޻οԡ
ֽϹʮأת޷洦Ҷתý˽ھݺᣬʮ˸
˶ݱ֮ʣﴫһõ۵ĶӺò׵нһĻӽ鲻һ̡
䣬һӰбų֮ӹǰҶֻؿһŴһʹʧɳ㵹£㱼ƺҲؿ泯쵹ȥ
ʹܿȥһƬ޾ĺڰ¶ȴԼּĹ컷в֪˶ãҶڸоƮԶʶֻصԺУĸо֮Ĳɱһλֻ֣һоͰɱλλǰֻСϣһָͷ
죬ˡҶ֪˹ĸִڣ;סƬͻȻоǰһƬĿİ׹⣬ͷĿѣʮӾŽָ͵ķԼֻص걮Ĺ㳡
Ҷ̧ͷ걮ʯǰվһĸߴˣٶǷŨüС󵶣źүƽ˼ƣСվһ󣬾Ȼʯ
壬Ҷɴһ䣬һ˵ḧʯȻûָʯϵ֣ƺ૵
Ҷɿ첽ߵԣһ˵ˣô걮ѵʯϵʧô˵ʱҲ걮ʯһǿƥֱӵףЩһƨڵϡ
תͷһۣһ˿죬ֻһ˲ָֻ˳̬ǰߵҶɸǰЦеʵû°ɣ
ҶڨЦҡҡͷ˵û£Ҳǵһرˣѵ޻ġ
ЦЦҶɣʵʮФ޻˵
ҶɿЦ˵ѵ޻Ǹ걮аúܣһεһΣԽԽݣ´Ҳˡ
˵һЦ˵е˼Ǹ߲ðɣ
Ҷ̾˿˵ǸߣϡͿɱ˸ջϸϵùˡ
֣¶һĨааЦݣʵ˵˵ɱʲô֣
Ҷ¶һĨɬ˰˵ˣûģ˵һӦøлһصҪһˬɱˣֻƬﶵҹҲ˵ĶǴʵϡͿλɱɱ˷Ҳô
ֵùЦûرɣͿɱ˻Ҫлɱˣ̫رˣرЩɰ
Ҷɴ˸˵壬һмѵţͲˣ´͡
Ҳ˸֣ЦʵСѣȻ˾Եݣ֪ôҪ֪
ҶЦЦ˵ҽҶɣʮҶɻķɡһİʵȷе㲻ϰߣԷҲӦûʲôģ԰˳
˵һЦܺãƣԺƴͿˣӸѰɣμ棬㼸ССļɣ
Ҷɵ˵ͷӺѿԣʲôͲˣ˵ģ˾Եݣ۲Щġ
䣬ǰһССʾƴΪѣѡܾͬѡͬ⣬ֳһ׿ƴ㽻ףƷϷһؼַһһƷϳֵؼҶɸоЩ·Ŷһ죬·˺ܳһֵ֣һλǸˣ㣬˸㣬ڣ
ؼֵǰλƴ嵽ʲôˣϷô


433 ɱĲֹ
Ҷˣǧһزŵõһؼɱ׬ֵʮ򣬶ֵܵĹѫԻһײɵ˫SҲѫ㣬ǰƴССǰֵɹѫһ൱ֲ֡
ԥ˼룬Ҷɹѡ˾ܾƴļ̫أֲա
ƴ¶һ˿ı飬ʵΪʲô£ô
Ҷҡҡͷҧ˵壬̫ˣҺգֲգϹȥŰɣ
ŶƴʣЦ˵һСѣ˵ԵݣСӺǰһλֵܣȻ㲻ȫҲǿһؼɣ͵һС⣬ƾû˼ˡ
Ҷһͷ˵ãһؼҿ£վͽˡͷλƴ϶ǸܿҪռ͵ı䣬ʱŶѧŹҲ
ƴ㽻ףƷϷһؼҶȷϽףǰһʾؼһȼһǸʺʺš
壬ʲô
Ҷʶ̧ͷһ䣬˵һ͵ķֹ㳡ѿտҲλصƴѲ֪ȥ򡭡
ߵ죡Ҷҡҡͷ첽ߵ㳡һ£Ǳؼ
ݺ޵֣һ趯ݡ
򿪽ӳľԴ󵽼Ĵ󻰣Ҷ˼£˿ףһֻһһȳ𡭡
׽бҳҶֻһҳͷȥˣҳз·̲һεûÿһĺ֮ǰȥȻֻһноȵѧϰҪࡣ
ˣµһҳݳȥԺĳ¼ЩŵȰĶ˵
Ҷһ䣬Ĭ½׵һҳվ첽߳˹㳡߳㳡ϰ˽Ϣһ˳Ҳΰģǿ͹Ҳ˼ʮ˽Ϣߵ乬ǰһվʼϵΰ
磬ˣ乬ſڡ
ΰ̻ظҸϷϹһϹ
Լô˲ӣΰϷϹһ˹˾۵һ
ҶɵһЦ˽ףѰжһ˽ϣΰһۣȡ˽ףģʽȫ˽ȥ
ΰʵҶֵܣ䶫æ˵˵ղŵ׷ʲôˣ
ǿ˵ǰͷһڸ׷ɱ㣬ˡ
ҶɵһЦľһ飬òѪ׬˸ֵԼϡͿɱ顣
ЦˣѹСӲ˵ԭֻ˵ʲôɱĶĹƨã
ǿЦԹԣֵСӼҵ׶׬ˣˬ죬ҾͽڸɢϢ¶׵ͱȥҪĶô˵
ΰЦ˵иƨãҶֵֻҪģܽŵûȥ
ҶЦЦ˵һǽǴˣؼûüϸ˭¼һݸҾС
˵Ҷֵܣɱǵ鷳ҲСи⣬ھȥ¼ؼȻԭĶȫѩŷȥȤ߾ۣʱСֻиɵ۵ķݶ
ҶЦ˵ⷨӲȰ磬ؼ¼ٽǴؼô¼ȥֽأ
ǿЦҶֵܣ¼ؼԼ֣ҴȥԱӾͳ¼ˣ¼õؼֻܱȡɵ佻ס
Ҷ˵ðԭ¼ԭ紦ˣԱ
ΰ˵ԱԵھ͹ȥ¼һҪֵ˾飬һԵԱ¼ؼ
ԱǸܺͰˣ಼ͷƤСñϻһСԲƬ۾һ֪װҡͷС
ֻѰʥͣ飬飬лƽݣ񡭡
Ҷ̲סƫͷһΰʵǳ¼ؼԱ
ΰشǰһԻ뽫¼ؼƷֵ֧ҶȡƷȥֵȷϳ¼
۹ؼصƷУ¼ؼϳһС֣ؼɽףɵ䡣汾׸ΰְƴ͸һȥ¼ֵⱾؼŲƷ˼Ҳֻܷ
ԱЧʺܸߣ¼ıؼ˲ʮӣҶɰĶȫ룬ſӿһȺˣΪ׵Ǹͷ֡
˼Ҷɺ޵ֱҧǰνʹ̣ҶɽһƵԱһͬʱԱš


434 
ԱĸͷͬʱһҪٴҶɣȻԱЦеװͽȻһγһذףּһ˲ţؿѪէ֣гһء
Աһȥذףװİģ뵱Ҳǽʿлƽݣ񡭡
ʬ͵Ȼ¼ҶһϵǰּʾðʤսۡϼðٹѥòͷȻļƷ
˭߳Ƕˣڳ﹥NPC൱Լҿ۶ײˬһЩ
ΰһӳ˵ˣ·ֱûײͺãԱǳصġҶɻĵ˵ͷ󲽳ſȥŵ߱ײƫƫֻܹԹóһ·
˻صȫҶɿһˣ壬첽ߵǰ˵ڳˣɱһνͼͿԵõʮֵ
ҶЦŴȤʮֵˣҪףȥҸƧĵطҸɱΣֵƽ֡
巭˸˵˰ɣŶʮֵҵһλߣԴ¿˲࣬Ǻ㶼׬ûʱһΣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ǹ²ˣɣһҲЩˣȥϢ
¶һĨʧı飬˵ðɣЩϢסˣҵġ
ҶЦЦ˵õģҼסˡ˵Եΰ˹ָǣ첽㳡ȥʱ׼ߣ׼Ҹ徻ضǱƣ˳һҳдĶ
СʱҶ˳ϷϷԣȡֽʿʼĬдƺһҳ
ĬдѾ㣬Ʒʽȴֽڹ̶ʽְ̫иᲢμ޵ľ裬ɽʳǧ˿棬˺һƷɡ
ҶĬдһѾԵƷеζǰİҪǿ˲ֹһǰ㣬֪ʶˣȱľʵս飬а⣬ıһҪƷһֻˡ
ˡ屻˰죬Ҷվһֽ߹ȥ˷ţվκλҲ̫˰ɣ
϶һһڵĶһۣ¶һĨĵ΢Ц
Ҷͷ˵Լ˰ɣԸõŰ˼ô
׶óԵĹŰҪȳԲźáЦŴһ䣬粽ߵԾҪ
ţѹҵؼ
Ҷһӵԣɿİѳ¼ؼĸֽյһǺöԺõš
ηеĸֽʵС˵ʲôؼòϷŪؼɣ
Ҷɴ˸ָеĸֽЩ˵ƣ쾳ؼȤô
쾳ؼΰϵĪһ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ˵죬øơ
ҶƲƲ죬еĸֽ˹ȥҿץ˸ڵİӿһڣ˵Ͱӵķϱˣؼҿǻ˴Ūֵģ治ڵĹҧŨڣȵˮˮǽһˬ졣
һķеĸֽ˫ԽԽϽеĶӣյԾ۾Ŀؼ
ҶһӣһƿǴһڣιԲԣ
˫۾Ÿֽϵּû˴
һؼֲʲôǲҳ˰
Ҷɷ˸ۣץӴڳ׻˵Ǹ֣һٲԶûţϷӪҺٺҲϡˮοỹҪ˶˵
İһ٣Ķһƿƿգʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ã³һתͷеĸֽʵؼģ
Ҷɲĺһڶ˸÷ʵɱģʲôô
˫һģ˵мֵĶ书ؼⲻʲôܣ֧ܰսÿʮСʱϣܵõһؼλ䳤ҲѰؼ䣬֪һж˵õؼô
ҶʩʩȻ˵ôãʮ˱ӦеİɣƵ˰ֵؼҪǱλӳ֪ûθ룿
̾˿һص˵һؼɱϢѾڲˣû뵽㡣


435 ǿ֮ϣ
ֵߵľ书ؼΪϷؼϼص书ȫõʵҵȼϷеؼÿһı
Ϸؼı趨üͣһߵȼؼļֵ޿ɹҶɵõΪֹϷ߼ؼϷʼڣ쾳ؼλս֪Ҷһ쾳ؼ϶ɺӣһϷеݿ϶ᱩ¶
ɱϢ˵ؼͼߣ߷ų׷ɱһҶˣ˵ǸҶĶ˱ǵؼϢκͬʱһҶģ˴ͰӶ¶
βɵ˭ؼļֵؼֵߵĻҶɣСӾǸ˼ʮ첻ɵ¶ɸ㶨ζܰѴϷõؼ˵ȥ
ЦеʵҶӣⱾؼŮҲģôһֱڻаĶҪϧһд۾´δһѩǰܣڴõĻͰǰаװ׷Źĵ
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󹫼ȻҶֳֳأϴһֻѪİ׺ֻһĺ걻˸͸ѾĲβͽɣûմϰѪǡ
ʤ첽ǰϸһ½ϵİ׺üͷ˵ֻǱǿ۾
Ҷһͣתһͷֻ׺˫ڣðѪʲôһ˼ͨԭ򣬰׹ǷؼȻбڣҲ֣˼ĵڣ󹫼ͻȻһ̶ľС


441 ֮β
һֻ׺˵󹫼סԾ𣬵Ȼû뵽ϵһʵ˿ߣһ֮¾Ȼûгϣһ١
Ҷ˦ϵӲǰһ׺ͣһ͸ֻ׺ȫ˽ӵһĴ󹫼⼸³ڷذϣһ־ţȻ
ʤߵҶԣһ۽ϵİ׺ҡҡͷ˵ԣһֻ۵ġ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôæ˵磬Ľıãаû󶨵Ķ̽ȶԸá
Ҷ˦ϵְѽУɱֻ꽣ͿҩˮѾմֻʣ½ϲɱֻͨϱѷҩЧͨӦһµȷǸð취뵽ߵǰ˳һ߳Ķ̽ȷϽװѽϣпͦǷ̫ᣬƮƮġ
Ҿ֣ΪʲôôԶҲûˣѲֻܽô
䣬߷ذϵéһ죬ֻ̽ͷǶֻ󹫼޲һ٣ֶҶɵ˴żּɵֻѪİ׺ǰ
˵Ҳһܽӣ׹ǷصطС϶ѰұҲһͨꡣ
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôֱƴ˽ģһ仰ȥܿ˻ظ
ҶСѣ𣿡ƴĻظˮ
Ҷʵ˵һɱ֪жȡ񣿡
Ϸ趨˿Կж˽Ҳյʾ
ƴ˼ʮ룬ĿǰΪֹһʮȡһҲûУֻһͷҼΪҪҵףҲȤ𣿡
Ҷ˵иѽˣҰһֵ
ƴЦСӾǸƢֵؼʲôֻҪ㿪Ҿа취Ūֺ֣αطڣ
Ҷ˵׬ֵٸŬٶҲõİá
ƴ˵ܺãҾϲӾ󾢣ֻҪ˳õβһؽ
Ҷ˵ؽˣֻžɵֻ꣬ˣٺúġ
ƴֻһ־ϢȻҶ˵Ҫƾ¸ɵĿԴϣСܴԼϲ
ֵȻǣŴ󹫼ǰ̽·һ·ϷַذʮֻǶԵ󹫼ֲǰ壬ǴʱҲǷǳìܵġ
Ҷֳֵֶֻ̽Ҫз紵ݶܵһʱȥоЩԣΪֹҲ֪ǸʲôģҪϲԼأ
̧һָǰ˵ǿǱߺΧʲô
˶ѭָķȥȻָķΧһȦˣԺжͬһͷȺһΧɱεˣ漣֡
ʱһӰӰΧȦӳֱ˹Ҷɸϸ룬̽Ӱ˹ȥ
Ӱһ׳ĳ׺һ˾͵ʤͷ˦β˲õɳȥʱֱͦͦڵϣֵ˲㣬һ߾ϡͿƨ
ֵܣһǰ׺˫ǰһ̽ס׺βͣд
׺˫̹תһںݺҧסӣ˦ͷһ˺Ͱټɳȥϱ˺һȭͷĻڣۼͲܻˡ
ʱҶ̽ɱһ׺ۣ׺ͷһͣһͷëӹ׺βͽȻ˦˲һȻҶеĶ̽
׺˦β¶̽תɴܣҶ̧һȭ׺ӣ׺һŤܹȭ磬ȭʵʵһĹϣֻú¡һ죬ĹķѣһСɽʯ鲻ƫڰ׺ۿϣʹһУٶҲΪ֮һ
˲䣬Ҷɷؽݺն׺꣡кβȻѰ׺Ĵβϣ׺ʹǰһܣϷذԾʧӰ٣Ҫ׷Ѿˡ
ҶɷְѽУǰϵĺβתǰһʾϲ֮βƷɽףɵ䡣
Ȼûնɱˣƴ巢нúȷҪľ֮ββߣϵĶҩֱǰֻմҲþ
βͣҽ顣һҶϵı΢΢һͣƺеϤ


442 ֮
Ҷתһ嵽ԣ˵֮βƷ˭õȻ˭ģǰѵǿôǸˣ͸շĴһĸñӣϣԷԳݴͷ
ҶûתѾľ˭߷֣аԩ·խû뵽϶ͷӲȣոӦþڸһղûϳӸһºݵġ
Ц˵Ѿ˱ץסֻǳ⣬ǼСһ־ǲãʶľ͹ԹСӽβֻͣýȡ
ҶɸϽö˵֮βƷɽײɵ䣬ɱҲ˵ʱߵذԣǱ̽
嵭һЦ˵ֶΣΪֵȻҪԼֻ֣ϧ֮βƷɽײɵ䣬ȫɱҲҸ㣬ղλѶɱѾ˳ҴƵ¼ֻҪкһǾͻ޹ɱ˵ֳƵǣʱ㷮ɾʹˡ
ϷƵ¼ܣֻҪƵܼ¼µǰһУҺѺͶ֮仹ԼʱƵ乬ǰƵϴֻ轻һֵʹһʱ䣬㳡еĹһܣһõúֶ־൱ԻʵǿĶο֮βǲɵƷòʧ
Ȼ⻰ɫٿȻ䣬һ˵СӺֶΣϷջҪͲƽϣԺĪҽ顣˵תߣɵӣֵֻòô
ЦӯӯĴ˸˵ͷ
һ˦ֺһһȺ뿪Ҷ˽Ķ˵һ治ҪĳʲôϷһ
΢Ц˵ϷԵòô֪͸ѮͷӣһϷҲûʲô߰ɣֵ쵽ֲ
ҶƲƲ˵ʮǸߣͷҲģϷﻹۣɳܣ
嵭һЦ߰ɣֵܶȼˡ˵ת׹ǷسڷȥҶûٶ˵ʲô첽ϡ
һǣ³ǣƴԼýĵطлиɫǹеóĳУСƼһָ̯۸ƷɫкܶƷʵͨ
Ϸ򵽵ƷʵõϷһĴ£ҲҪǿʵ֧֡߳۵ĶǷǱѰǿԸʵͨƷϵͳָ֧һֵƷǣ˫öһΪмˣ˫ѶһƷǮм˱ܣмɶһס
ͷʽʱеףͬΪмҪмΪǿʵϷ߲ǴһϷӪϷŶҲһȺǳصĹߣΪֹûгֹϷйƷòϷӪŶа취˳ɽףҽ˫ݾԱܡ
ĵص³棬񷢲ͬҪͨһָϵͳƽ̨񷢲߿ʱ鿴ȺĿǰһϵͳ̻֪ͨƴӢ¥ڵ
徭Ե·ǳϤҶɺܿҵӢ¥¥ҵָ˽ȥ
ƴһŴԲԣжһƷ΢΢һЦ˸ơ
Ҷߵ£̽нף֮βƴ壬Ҳõһְֵʮֵ׸壬˳ɡ
ƴһƱϾƣЦ˵Ǵһ
ҡҡͷ˵ҾͲǺȾˣһһҪֵָң´ٺɣ
ҶɵЦ˵ƴǰʶ
¶һĨʣͷ˵Ǻãģʱȥһ䣬вٺöټˡ˵ת뿪˰䣬ҪֵֵָܣǾõˡ
ƴһƵҶɸǰЦе˵δֵ꣬Ҫ׬ôһ㹻ô
ҶɶƱһڣ˫۶ʱһװĸѾƣһּΪϣζʶĸо
ƴϵЦȻһ˵ҶСѣǸֵεˣһϷ֮飬֪ԸԸæ


443 ռ
һڹߵϷϷ˵ˣܶ˶ԸϷб¶ʵеݣΪ¶ݺܻܿԼ鷳пܻɱ֮
ҶɺƴĻ˼£˵Ұʵе飿
ƴһɫĵ˵ͷ˵ûʵе飬ܻ޷Ԥ֪ѺΣգֻҪһı꣬Ϸеıꡣ
Ҷ¶һ˿죬ʵҲµûĻӦһλ֣书϶ҸߣԸΪµĹӦúܶ࣬Ϊʲôأ
ƴ̾˿һص˵书߲ܵģг޷ĿԣʶһԵݣǸֵεСѣԼ۹ⲻ
Ҷü˼Ƭ̧̣ͷƴ˵ðɣæû⣬ޣ˵˵ôҲиסﰵţƴʲôΥԭһȻܾٶ౨Ҳɡ
ƴ¶һ˿ϲɫ˵ˣŮˣӦһ㽲һС¡
ԭ˰ҶͷȻһɣͷ˵û⣬һᾡƴ˻а취ģ˽鱨ŰæŮӦòѡ
ƴЦ˵лˣҪҵ˲ôףⶼǰµĻ£ҵĸŮһҪúòǡƱһںȾеϣĿƽһѰĹ¡
ֻ֪ǲ׺һڣĿռ䲢ΨһĿռ䣬粻ԶĵطҲŶֲͬĿռ䣬ҲռѾ˷ɻڣһռеǻڹŵֵԭʼռѾĶֲҲһռֵĽţƽпռ䣬԰һ飬ÿһҳ鶼Ƕģϸһ£ÿһҳеﶼһȴŲͬĹ¡
ҳҲһҲǺܶЩ߾ҳŦƽпռͬŦ԰֮Ϊռͨռͨûй̶С̬еС糾еĴ纣еֻڼʧегſ񱩵ȶͨëǣҲһռֻһҲûУͨ˸޷Щͨǽ߶˿ƼҲ磬һּǱܵĳԽͨһƽпռ䣬ڶռΡ
Լһܵ͵ĳνռߣǻȥҴңͣʧվصĿռ䣬Ҷ˾˶ҪؼңΪ᲻µĶ
࣬Ҳĳ߾֮һȻÿһ߶ɴȶĿռ֮ͨ䣬ֻмǱǿ߲ÿռ߾绮ֲͬҲһŶۡ
еƽпռ˴˸߶ƣ˵ڿռĶֲһжôƣֿռ䱻ΪӰӿռ䣬һ˵ӰӣȻͬӵһϤһλڿռͨдĿռҵһӰӿռ˵ģƴһλռߣҵӰӿռ֮һʮǰҲ
Ҷˣƴ˵һȫ߸֪Ĺ£һһȫͬ磬ƽпռ䡢ڶռߡ塢Ӱӿռ䡭һжңɼĴڡ
壬ǿռߣںη
Ҷ˵еʣһλռͬһϷѾǵԵôˣ˻ƴ嵱һͷԲķӣһǷú֡
ƴƱת˵Ժȷĸ㣬Ҳռ䣬ϷĴʶһķϷֻڼӰӿռϷڣϵӰӿռĺܶԼڸϷյķһЩҪĶպͣÿһӰӿռ䶼Ͳʿ
ҶʵղŲ˵ֻгܳΪռôôռϷ
ƴ岻Ĵ˵ӰӿռܶණǸ߶Ƶģ⻹һߵ粨ƵʵĶȫһµģ԰ĶҲֻкͲʿӰӿռĺͲʿ֪Ҿ֪һģĸЩҶͨϷڸӰӿռѰŮˣΪҲ֪ǵĸռ䣬ֻҵ˲ȷ
ҶϵıٿȻһ䣬ʵ˼ȷǾռ䣿


444 
ƴҶɵ˵ͷ˸Ů֮оһλռߣĿռ಻ʤӰӿռ԰ټƣƽпռ䲻һ˵һ뿪ٴλصĳռ䶼൱ѵģΪռ䴩ûһ˵ֻͼȻһռﱻԭռ䣬Ҳļҡ
ƴҪҵŮ˶ͬһӰӿռʶģһݣĸһع书Ϊɲ⡣뵱ƴǸӢ˧ķ٣һżԵһ㺣һ;һ뿪ţһɽˮСɽһСԺ͵С
ܲܳãԼôС꣬ݸѰ˾סСɽ壬˵ҪŮţƴһԲս˴Ӵڴ򵽶ĸɽۣ֮Ȼ˸൱һɽͷƽԾһɽͷӲϵĴɽƽͷӦһܾˣƴһУƯ˲֪ñһ·Ĺ͵һҽԺ
ƴҽԺҹλĹҲ²չҹƽתȴΪ˶ʧһμ䣬˸˰޵ݣҲԼݡĹãһҿ˾ܲã˳Ϧ԰㺣ߵһ
ʱ׾Թ϶ת۾꣬念ƴٽø׹˾Ҳ֪ļұǿó˾ʵҲӪĳƫ⣬ƾǿޱȵ书Ϊļɻ˼δΣҲĸĬڸ˲˻á
괺ů˰ĽᾧﻳǸŮޣںӼ׹ǰȴͻȻһ׮£ҵƴ٣ƴٸһʱңȻԾͷҿ׼ʱϵѰ̼Ů
󸸰һжƴϣĹߵļʦɱʮˣƴ󸸼һսĹսذܵ籬һ֣Ϊ޹ƴ󸸼һ̵ĺϼսֶ˼ʱƴվ֣ٴˣΣͷȻָ˼䣬һͨѶߣ
ƴһλͷݰѵĺֵµģΣʱ̿໥ϵλֵһᴩռͨǰԮ
Ȼ󸸸Ҫƴʹɱ֮ʱĺֵƿն̽ɱߣ󸸣ƴٲʹɱ֣󸸷¶ĽߣԼҲ˻ԡպʱȴԼѱֵܴԭռ䣬صǸǣƵӰӿռŷͬ롣
źͲʿ˹ϷգɸӰӿռͨһϷϵһҲñɴƴȼϣͲʿһ̨ɴڸռϷеĳϷգϷлƴ壬㲼ѰǷŮˣδıŮ
ͽܣѣؼֵ񡭡һжΪѡʵѡѰˣֻҪһ˿ϣҲѰʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬Ҷɾռҵĺѡ֮һ
ҶƴĹ£һĹ£οԽʱյоΪǰŵһӣܱ£ǷӣҲԸŷһء
壬ҴӦѰˣһңҪʱһᶯ鱨ŵѰǣ˲׸˳ŵΪŵ˵Ҫȥǰ˵ˣҪţˣҪš
ƴ¶һĨ飬һѰסҶֱ˵Ҷֵܣлл㣬ҵ̫Ŀռ䣬Ҳ̫ˣеرģ˵Ǹֵܡ
Ҷƴ۾ʵ˵ĺֵܾǸȥô书һܸ߰ɣ
ƴ˵ͷ˵ĿռǵһǿߣȻҸ㲻ͬһռ䣬ΪԱһᾡøǿΪһܻ޷ǿ֣ϣܺúûȥ
Ҷ¶һĨЦ˵˵ˣеҲͻһǿĶ֣˼ҶʮǰߣѾѲƤ׼뵽ıĪһͷʹ˵о̹ࡣ
ƴĿһݣ˵ҶֵܣһСС߲÷ϣֻҪ˵֣Ҿа취ֻϰĶ̫
ʱƴ˫һĨ˵ɱֱͦһʾâ֣ɱȻڵ¶ȷ·˲併˱֮¡


445 ǿ
ǿҲԼһСƬ֮أƽʱҲصüãǷ·ЦԿʱֻҪ˴ǵĽͬӭĽŭֶΡƴһλڹ۷ŮĴΣĲϧһд۶ҪѰŮ˺δıŮ赲ںݺݴƬ֮أ˭ƱҪŭ
ҶɸоƴץסֱһĴʹϽһֱѾָӡ˦˦˵壬𼤶Ұѻ˵ҪμܴҲܵˣҪ뷨ӰŪͷͦǰһɼ죬ҲҶ֡
ƴüͷ˵ԭҲߣΪʲôҪ־Լ磿δսӣѾһ롣
ҶɿЦ˵ΪҺôҽһһ٣춼һսȻƴԼҲ׼ʲôѽյľԽһ飬а֪ĸǺѵ¶
ƴ徲ĻһĨǳǳЦݣ˵С̫ڣ˼Ҳԭһٶ԰ɣ
ҶڨڨһЦ˵˵û䰤ҲˣҪǱԭһĺûӣܲܰ취ӮֻҪС
ƴü˼Ƭ̣˵ȫİ취һ޷գȡʤİ취ҲһҪһĴۣ֪ĸ
Ҷ˫һ˼Ȼȫİ취ˡ
ƴ¶һĨɸֵı飬̾˿˵ȫİ취ܼ򵥣ϳֱװû˻һ޻˰ɣ
Ҷɷ˸ۣ˵취вͨװԺûˣҪԸȥһ٣˵ȡʤİ취ɣһЩҲˡ
ƴɫһ࣬˵пүֻҪ˾Խ֣ܶ׵եеֻһλᣬй֧ңڼʱָܻҪˣ죬ʮ£Լ
үҶԳƵ⣬о׽һֵ֣˵ѧСǿģԼĻָģװֲ밤ᣬԾƴһѡ
ƴ¶һĨοЦݣļ˵ǧ壬׿үԴڵҪ뷢ӳһҪ÷ǳӶʱڼǱҾͰ㡣
ţ
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ƴ˵߰ɣڸȥһطû˻
Ҷվͷ˵ãʱ䲻ˣһѧ
ƴ嵭һЦһ̽ץסҶɼһѻһĨӰʧԭء
սʵǿսӣסҲǻԽģͨԱסĶǸʽС¥ӳסĴԴӼսӺ󸱶ӳԼıøλߣֻҪʲôȱ뾡һа취롣
ϲ㣬㣬վŪһף취һ󺱼İ׽㡣ϲվͰѻ԰ֲȫһλպյ˹У˷ǲľͶҲλ߳Ψһ˵ϼ仰ѡ
ʦһԼܣûдǧȡʦīƿԭĴ治죬ÿ춼Դסͬӵ˽ӴսӶӳҲ￴ɫ˺üζӣȻı˼ָм֮飬ⲻܳƵ飬˶֪ѣǾǿѰɣλѱˣӦȥ̽һ¡
ҽƲȫȽҽ豸¶ԱǳʱصֻҪﶼܴаܵ˲أܲңΪһѾòΣڴ˴룬мѣҪȫָҲҪʱ䣬춼ҪҽƲ۲ơ
˲վڲϣһѾף̣ŲǿתͷһۣϵƤ΢΢鴤ֳ
ߵǰ£üϵˣʵң˭˳
죬ȴһ͵©̥Ĭ˼żѵ˵սӣҶɡ


446 ˿񵶿
Ҷɣмһ֣Ȼûۿʱ龰˲ѿʱûл֮ҶɵĵǸʲô
յ˵˵Ҷɣǿ䳤Ī״ӣΪ²űսӣ˺ᣬ书ߵף볡Ǹ
üͷԺлǩʱ龰ϡǵ볡һͭɫˣӦþˡ
ô˵Ӧ쵤ѡˣʱҲ̫ףúˣûдʱȥһɣ˻аˡ
鵭˵һվȥǸҶɵĸۣΪǿѡ
żȥıӰ˫ֽץסѪ˿˫⣬˵һȥСô
ҶƫƫƴһϤĵطɭ֣ҲһƷζľλ塣
ƴǸ֣֣۶һСһľһֵĴ̼仯ˡүүľһһҶϵ⣬ʵĶ۵ӸⰡ
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סˣʹ׼ǱܵĶҪʹۣµܳܵļҲҪţ𣿻ʹ࣬ԽԽá
ಣһӹҶɸ첲ϱȥָ׸ǴСһƤ⣬ѪܵڵϣһС˸ǻʹ飬Ѿ֪˶ٵʹһţĺβͶ
ү˿첻ۣأǻģҲģ˿Ҳ񣬿񵶼ȳ˭ܵ
ƴеľ·ѭĳֹ켣ÿһҶϴȥһָ׸ǴСƤ⣬һ֣һ֡
ҶɸоԼһֻʸɾëĹڼƾƴƤУʹһַֻۣȴʵʵһŴϣźβͣԺһƬհףʹ࣬ʹ࡭
ಡƴľһĨɫĹҶɻһɣϵȥϵĺβҲߣδκηӦͻȻһϺȣүӵ
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ƴ˫ֱƥĵɨûжӲһ
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ҶɴŵµĴ̯ƿһۣղõһľôܷӳǿүĵ
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ƴٵһ䣬תۡ
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ƴӣһָԶ֮βʵҧס
Ҷɰ˰֣һĴҧ𣡡
ƴһĨааĻȣ˵ҵĲܸҧ
ҶһͣԶԡ
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ಣľ򦣬һ⶯һСƬѪʱҶ˫ȭ߸ͷǿסʹʹһۣһһһʹһֲľʹۣһۣǻз·һ˿εʹۡ


447 ˺Ȳ
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ȻƴӰӿռ䶼ַӽ̹ˣǵһμҶܰʮȥûһǿı飬ݸ־עȻǸ
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Ҷͷƺһ˿ԼץסһЩʲôôһ㣬ǰ·һʪˮıֻֽҪһѡ
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Ҷŵҩˣ˵ðˣֿҶܰסֻɣ˵Ѽϡ
ƴֳһľ΢һתбҶۣͣһճõٴҳߡ
磬ѪɽһżҪʹҪ˱ѵͷԣƴǹ߶һʦҲüá
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ҶڨЦʵͷȥˣôңţԿ׿ֱӽš
ƫͷ˸˵ҲҪܻǰҹ׼ʱȥμӱ䣬ΪͺãҪǿԼ
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448 Ӯ
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սӳս֮£Ԫͷһѻÿտ书ΪľҪµһ㲻㣬սһ飬˼ҿǶʮǰͻ쾳ߣԪٿʮҲǰ״ĿǱסڶ
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ϯϽ֧սӣԯ֮ܣִͬһֻܴⳡʵǿϯҲˣװ˶˺һװˣ˾սǰԶۿڵλ԰żƿһЩʳƷ֮࣬߳ԱС
ǿһһĳ˳ҲһǼսˣҶʱ䵱ڣսӹϯֳԶˣ˸ߵλ£ժ꽣ԡ
װ΢Цų˵Сӣļ䣬
ҶЦЦץԵߵװԼ˸λ£˵ݹһƿƣЦʵ֧սӵģ
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Ҷɰƿڴյӹ˼ڣƲƲ˵ûɶ˼˵ץƿֺ˼ڣǲȽŨڣöһŨҵζ
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Ҷں˵û¶һһӮߣڰѾƺ꣬˷ˡ
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ֳֳǰһָޱ˵һУĵ
˾͵һһץסŷ֮Ƶŵڿзɿķһӵն磬ͬһʱ䣬еĶȾѪԲܸתš


449 ʤ
˵ĵܿ죬Ƹ죬뷢ɵ鶨µ֮Լöֿһ˿ȡʤϣܿͻİ˿ϣ
ΡȻ̧һ̳һƼʵ򼫿죬ֻһֱ䵴ԲܣƵ⣬ڱɢֻһʹѾɿ⣬ͨؿһݣҲ
ܣӮúǸֵĴʣһƫͷϯɨһۣƮȻȥõȴЩĶ绹һﰵϣǸҶСܳΪĶ֡
ҶͷһںȹƿеĲоƣ¾ƿװ˵ллľƣҪϳˡ
װ˫סϣЦʵСӣ֪ϼܷȡʤ
ҶֽӽվЦŷʵʤҺȺþôǰΪᣬѾ˴𰸡
װ˹ЦֻҪʤҸѾ͹ȥ
Ҷɵת˴˸֣˵лұʤ䣬Ծڿббһȥ
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ԪһЦ¶Ļ˵ҵļһأҲռˣȳаɣ˵˫ģһ졣
Ҷ̧СָͶ䣬Ц˵ҾͲˣƺáδ䣬ѻһĨӰ֣Ӷ֮ڽԪţ־ء
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캽ޱ˵ҪȡʤһѶȣҪʤҲ֮󡣡
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컯źɽһɽȣ֣ˮʸ컯ŶϲڹָϡҩģӱֲҩҲв٣ľǼڣϵǧ꣬ݵҲꡣүӶԸҩϤޱȣȻҲ֪컯źɽݵĺڴڣھ˵һԼ
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ۣͻȻһ죬һ𴸷գۣһ죬ԪֿտգǰĽⷢӳʵĶۡ
ˣ
ҶɷսʣһƮڣһòϢ


450 ³
ԪǸιеĺö֣Ҷһ¸ĿүȻֻһУЧȴĺãԷе޹ͽ𴸱죬һüģܺĸܵһ˲ıеؽ·𱻸˵ʲô˽һһүĸо΢ˬ졣
ҶɷֿүԽһͬ㣬һү񣬰Խһޣ;ͬ飬һٽ˲䱬ֽʹҪ󼫸ߣսǿԲ湦Ҫһսүõѡ
ջصж½ʣεĵ绰͵ˣĽѾִ֪д绰ĿؾΪȰһȰҶɣһУҪԸġ
һ⣬ҶɴŹڴӦȴѰ˼ôµһʱһϲ
Ҷϵ绰űõ죬߹ȥţſ㶥ϣ̧ͷһۣøߴһŮˣĿһ㣬ְģͦ㣬Ժһ͹ˮĴӣŮ˶࿴۶оѹɽ
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СҶͷ¶һĨı飬һ˵Ĺƫƫôһзĺ壬СʱʲôöӪҲ̫ʣˡ
СϷһĨΣͷܿԷţһ壬˼ֱ飬Ϊģҧҧ˵˵ˣȥפس緹³
ʲô³Ҷͷָﳶ̷ԥ˼ŵʵС㣬ɶĲܳô绹г䣬ҪǳԻ˶Ӳ̫ðɣ
Сüͷ˵ģĲ˺ܺóԣԻӡ
ҶɿЦ˵϶극ֱȥ䳡ˡ˵תߵԣץʱϣСĴ³פȥ
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ʱ˿̣ڳæתүڻ԰ʯյƷ裬һԵ֦վֻֻһҲˣԹ֦ͷͷĥ
Ĳ̫ˣ涼ŵζ
үһ裬Ӵһ䣬ʵһڻرûг̴̻Ӵһð
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ˣɣӱڴΪ׼緹Ǿˣǲ֪˵ζϲ˵Ŀζ
һһԣһƿƣѸٵƣϵĲһϧ˵ϧûڸҪҪһЩԵʱһȾˡãѵ³ȻһƷζ
Ҷץ˫ӣһƺĶԥ˰βŶǿŵıѾĴ㡣
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ԲղųԵĸ⣬Ĵ


451 ǿ֮ս
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ϳԵͦʵԼڲ˾ҪǩҪЦݺαĿ޼䣬·Ʒеζ
֪֮Ǻ˵үүͱˣǵһˣ֪óԡ
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ţҸӵϡ
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ҶָöɫҩʵүӣǱʲôò˷ܼɣ
ϵЦ˵ִҩҵǱᲢۣһöڶʱڽǱûκζãֻ֧һҡ
ҶɶЦЦ˵ööǱţԺ˵ϴóûװҩƿӣһ£
üͷ˵Ǳǰ£ʹսʱҩֻڷ£ȱ俪ʼպϡ
ǱһżȻĵҩ߷ºҩͬݷǱһʹҩ¶ǿĵҲһս֮һڶʱʹ񾭣˵һΪս浤ҩ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵䲻ҪõֵҩһżȻĻõнС
˫էʵֵõؼˣңʲôؼ̲µҶִϷõ书ؼ˶ʱ˷
ҶɿЦ˵ûؼϷһλ֣пүҰѵĳнҲ˽ү治ʺ㡣
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ҶɿЦ˵нҪûʹķλľϵһƬƬŶܽУǰһټʮ๻ˣһټʮնһ첲ɵֱһأиͻ졣
˸һֿƵҶɣòŵʵϵĲƭӰɣ
ɫһ࣬˵ˣҶСϵλ֣Ҳһżĵһ˵˱飬λֲŻ뵽ּ˵ķڷǳڴʶүǱҲá˵ӿڴͳǸװǱСƿݸҶɣ滹мŵҩ
ҶɽӹСƿװöǱƿӴڴЦվ˵ʱ䲻ˣȥ䳡ɣ治ʲôţ⣬Զֶӵġ
Ҳվ˸˵Աˣ߰ɣһһٽ߳˱ʰꡣ
ǱһԪͱڶͷϷҶߵϢѾɢˣҸڴ֮ĶԾ
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Ⱦֻܶ
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װ˿첽ߵҶɸǰЦе˵ߣܺãܳ䳤һѾܾû߿
װľЦ˵³˫һξߣ֪˭ǿһЩ
װЦ˵ܿͻнҸλȾƵСѡ
ҶڨЦ˵ҴСϲڣǲᶯġ
װ˴˸˵׳Ӣ۵ϲֻ֣ܶһҪǴ۸źá
һ󿶿ӱ䳡𣬴ͷϷĻ


452 ǿ߶԰
ԪԱˣ˶֪֪׵ˣƽʱ˽ǳ䳡ϾˮڶԱ˴˵ضҪսһ
Ԫ޹ͽ໥һģһĴ죬Цϱϱ۸˽˲°׻أҪõö汾²а
ֳֶǰ˸Ц˵ֵǵ类ĥ͸ˣСҲ̫⣬ӱ֤һľϲ
˺ƹŴǰɱսȻϼ׽ԶɱҲ񫡣
Ԫ۴дǰ̽ӺƷְ㼱תǰ壬һС硱ɱﵣдʱֻҪʹоռϷ硣
˹һЦһԾߣһתӵֱԪսʱͱһȥ˳֪֪׵Ķǰ϶ҪԿģһ˸ѧѧ
ԪΪ˻һضܣû뵽һȻ˸ԹԹڹʹתѾһһʹһֶһԽһû˵ǡ
һе֣ͷһϲг˳ǰ̣һǴӼ齣ģֻٶԶԶ
Ԫֻʣֻ̧֣Ӵֵȴ˰ģ۳ŵѾ̵ǰѾ룬ƫת࣬Ȼܹ˵һ
һڿմͷһһܻԪؿڣԪԸһմңʱõõʤ
ԪûӲһŵƵ󣬷һ룬⧲˸ţǰһ빵ӻʹ
ԪƼ˵Ľ𴸣§ͷһͨңղҪҶɵֻѾ˶ȥǰ٣νϷɾ棬ͬùһξͺЧˣֻƾ汾¾ʤ
𴸿裬ʤѩڳжѷѽ⣬ת۾Ͱм൱֪˭ʤ˭ǿĿת񫣬ƺȲһ߹һ
Ҷɴʱλһ飬˽ζĹۿеļսʱϼھƣָųз䣬һ϶ԪһҲռ˴ƣʤֻʱ⡣
Ԫһף˫˳ֻ۵һ죬ַɳڿлһĻͶίϯ
Ҫֽӵһ⣬ƿնµĳ̼ϳأίϯǰĵϡ
캽һ£һƵᣬϯϴһĺȲͷطŸղųµͿԿ캽̧֣һƶѳء
ϲ캽˸ĴָЦ˵øͷĸ˫õԽԽ˳￩ûп캽ʲôϳ֪Ǽͷıĸﻷ
캽һЦ˵ȻǱһƿƿ޹ޣ׼ö쵤ɣ
ʤѷ֣ԪһķɶֵʤȻ½һλҲ㶪ˡ
˷ְѶƹǰһԪ˵ˣŪ㡣
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캽üͷ˵Ҷõнȷһ㣬ΪʦûĽԺźɣ˵һ飬ѵʱϸ˵Ϊʦ
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Ǹ취ҲΨһİ취λþԮѶϢɹգ̽Ԯж
ȣҶɫ䣬λϹ֪ʦĪ湦£һǣҪͷǾܽ˾Ԯģɴ˿ƶλһ˼鷳
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Ҷҧ˵û£ʰһϾܶʦϢļ٣תһ嵽ԣһץ꽣ٳ嵽󱳰ǰȡ鵶ڲϣӵǰ
ϴӿڴͳСƿ˵öһƿⶾԱʱ֮衣
ҶɽӹСƿڴ˵ллүֱһģûٶ˵ʲô
˵ȥӰ֧սѾҹϸԮص㣬װڷϣ˵ת򿪷ſ첽˳ȥ֮ǰѾ׼һУʮȫװսԱѾһµص㣬ҶɵǵڶĻӰսԱҪ죬пͬʱ
ӺҶڻĹ㳡Ͽ˻Ӱ⿴ȥһڵڵϵľʹͨ˶ԳƵλøһ뻡״
߽Կ·һ֧ܣһбĽݣ˿첽ߵǰվ˵ӳȥѩɽθӣҪעⰲȫסˣһҪλϰȫҵǵĺϢ
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ͦž˸ӰӦһ䣬˵˷
ӰŰȫװսԱŷȡװֱ𽻸ˡ
̧һѹ˵£ϵϰȫӰܿͻա£ϵðȫ
һ·ҸŮ˵ѩɽθӣ¶ʮңλսҴԽһսĹܺװҪ󡭡
䷢սΪŰٿˣԶ¶ȹܣ¼ʮȵϿỷҲܽ±ʮ߶ңսӵзˮ̡ͨѶһϵйܣʺڸּ˻ʹá
սԴ£ȫôģΪսģսĳλʵйϣ¼ʮȵĵڼȫõĻᶳССãֱһӾС
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νܵú棬ţ⣬ı顣
ҸŮ£ϵðȫҶְ꽣£չһѹסβӴյǰѹ˵򼱣ûв
εһۣû˵ûȻӰȥջսȻֱ򵽿


459 ѩɽɱ
ѩɽλڻļ֮أѩվѶɣһͷѩѩܳһͷðͷѩѩصͬǿʳ
ѩ֨֨Ťͷͳѩ꣬ѩ÷⵽ʳͷѩһſҧסӲק˳һڵݾͽѩӡ
ıѩ˲ȴʹ̧࣬һ͵ѩӣôҲ벻λḻֻͻȻɿƫͷһҧסĺȣѪʱȾϵƤë
̾ʹѩѾʧȥ˷ֻȴٽѩһֻǰצס֫ſſҧﲱӣѾˣȲһȵľѪ
䡪ͻȻд죬һľ޴ӿ콵䣬׳ޱȵĽܴ·չһֻצ׼ʳѩһطɱһٵѩŴѩ̧ͷһϽµĹֶŤͷѩأֻһС
ľ޴ȽѩϣӽչһбݣһȺֵĺ˳ѸٳܹʮˣϿųǹһ̽ѩ̽Ѱʲô
˵Ҳ֣վѩϲӹ⾰ϵĺ¾ͱ˰ɫҲŸıɫøΧѩһס
һֳ̽İͣ˽Ųߵ˴˸ƣȡСѩܿһںһŵӱѾһ͸ıԿԺĿӱϵʱ
ͷˣɽӦþڸ
˰ֱݸ˶һĿˣѾҿһ֣¶һӣΣû뵽ӰٶޱȣȻȳսԱǿһĿĵأһҵ˺µĶ๦ܵӱ
ȡһֻףѵӱ˽ȥóʱϵıѾȫڻָѸٰ˼µӱǹһĨǳǳĻȣָ̧Ϸ˵ɽȾǸ򣬴׼
Ҷְֽҿһ룬ֱһϸ첽ָķȥ
˵Ҷӣ̫죬ע¡ڴѩɽ˵Ҫܷŵͣѩսͨ豸ֻҪһҶ÷ǳ
Ҷɵ˵֪ˣҲ̫졣ھ뾡ҵʦѩΪٸߵĹҲ֧źܾãһҵʦͻһΣա
ѩɽ˼ܶطѩûϥǣеĵطѩǳŲȥѵûţһŵһŸߵȥ֪ʱҵλϣҶһаٱ䣬˫üٶѩϻУһʮףִ򲻱䣬ӿٶȳϷȥ
μҶԽԽԶæתŷ˸ƣ˵ʲôʱ㱨
ժһ󱳰򿪣Ѹȡ۵ѩĦУŷһһܷĦѭҶѩϵĻ׷˹ȥ
սӴ˴ѩɽЯмʺѩشĸ߿ƼߣѩĦоһ֣Ҷɸ֪սӻЩԹѩаٱ伲УܿͰԶԶ˶飬ѩѶҲûʲôҪһ˳µĺۼ֮ҵסλ䳤ϵľȡ
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Ҷǰӳ˼ףͻȻüͷͣת˵ִѶϢֱĵطס䳤ϵľӦԶȻѾ뿪ֱĵطԽԽԶǲζߴ·ô
˼䣬ҶԶѩز£¶µĶ۾˫۾һֱ󱳣һ˵ѩ¶һĽˣȻ󣬵ڳҫ
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ɫ䣬ϽͣĦгŷһĶҶɳ˵Сʲô
ҶɵһЦ˵еҪΪԼʧ󸶳ۡδ䣬㷴ǰͣ٣һ꽣бѩء
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һѩȻ𣬴ѩһˣһѩ׳ۣϴһɫ֣нһ׶αⶫȥ˹ϳõĸǥޱȣһѪۣⶫо㵱ҲᵼѸʧѪһı
Ҷ̧ýָŰˣ˵Ǳѩﻹһֻ󣬽һ


460 ѩ
ֳ׶αְ빪վԭأ׶⻺ƣҶƵ˺ƺʱ׼֡
Ҷֱϵϸƫͷһ°ˣЦ˵ԭǸŮˣǴĲѩʲô
Ҳ𻰣һǰӳ׶һ߰׹Ҷ磬еĽǶȲѿɱˣֻ˵ͷ
ҶɵһЦ̧һбӶһ죬Ůе׶أ滯һĻŮ˾ϡ
أѩִܳһӰڿУһƶֱҶüģ˳־ҪȱܵŮ˺̫ࡣ
úáҶз̧Ȱĳƫ⣬»ӵӰǰָ̽źһס˶ԷӾһˡ
˱˫Ϸ᲻۳žҪȥ
ſʦ磡İŮһҪ˹һ쵶˹ȼڲϡ
ŮԹԵı𶯣ƯҾ󿩣
ŷһЦյתŮ˹ȻҶּһſġ
ҶŰתָɰѽϣʵ˵סλϵľ
˾ҿ˼㻺˹ͷҶɴ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ҶһЦͻȻһѳ֣¶һӢףǰԼôʮͣϹһղһ·׹Ӵ˳һСӣһΡѩɽ
һ飬סλϵľ˵ʵҾıӣٰϵһһһһֱĻشΪֹ
Ҷɵѩɽ겻ĺǿɫ϶һһŮϱһйϵ˲ѩͻȻϮ˵ǾֻвȡЩֶˡ
治֪ʲôϣѩġаͣܿ췢κνͶûõģΪڲϵĳѾŲϣȷе˵Ų˱·
ұӣ治֪㡭
ŵ˫ȷֻܴģںܺΪֺʦܳѩһɷǡ
ŷõסӵŮ˼Ȼ˫һ˵ʦ磬֪Ҫҵ
ҶɽһƫӰӹּϣƫͷŮˣʵ˵
Ůѹ˵ѩȣҿԴǹȥˣҪʦ硣
Ҷüͷ˵˿ԣô֪˵Ǽ٣
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Ů¶һĨı飬ҧŴ˵ѩﲻԶʦɱҲǹȥҵ˻ѩҲûãûҴ·ǷǵҲ˻ᱻ棬ʦ硣
Ҷҧҧְ̧ѽУ̽ץסˣַɿ̽뻳һ£סѸٰһöɫҩ˽ȥ̧һģҩѾǡ
˾û޲˫ź˵ҳʲôܸоһöҩ裬һŨҩζ
ҶһЦ˵ööҩ쵤׶ƵĺöҪ˳ȳλϽҩȻύĺʦãҪǳһûͻóһѳˮһ仰˵꣬ߵŮԣϵϸ˩ϣ۽ڡ
߰ɣҵʱ䡣
ŮתͷһѩϷʦ磬ϳһҧ´عͷһѸٳǰȥ
Ҷɽ¼ŮԣֱϸϸȴƳɵĶ˵һССɵʮصĶͨ޷жϣֻҪǣҲŮ˰·ʲô
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ѩɽɣҶ¶һ˿ı飬


461 ֮
ҶĿɽ棬ǰһ޴ɽȣ߸ͷɽкХϵĻѩڹƮƮȴֲڻγһĻļƮѩ澰Ȼ漣Ĵߣ˼ɽֻ漣֮һ
ѩɽɵӣа취ѩҵλô
Ҷɵһ䣬ҪȳʦλΨһľǰŮˣѩɽɵӣһа취ѩȾˡ
Уѩѩɽɵʽŵ֮أǰȥΣûзѩģֻҪտھ߾Ͳᱻѩסҿ˰λкû೤ʱͶܳ뿪ˡ
Ů¶һ˿ίı飬ƫͷˣʦݷѩΪԲһֺѩѩǳƻԼߣѩй̶·ߣֻҪоžͻԶԶӿʦݷĵطѩѲԶѾѩݷ˺üСʱû뵽һͻȻܹ˵ļƻ˵ץ˻ѩȡ
Ҷüͷʵʲôھ˵ڼȷʦλϱλѩɽɵ޹أǸȵļһһѩɽĳϵǼһ֪߳ѩȵĿھ
Ůҧҧ˵ãã̤ߣѩƫңѩĲңĪͷ
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Ů̾˿˵ѩǰҪȷȷֻܴ߽ȥϷ紵һŵѩҪߣֱѩΪֹǰ粻ҪͷֻӭŷȥˣеſϢǲ̶ģһʱԺѩᵽʱźܻܿ桭
ҶϸŮ˵ÿһ仰ÿһͶμ⼸ھѩоȫˡ
ŷҲվһŮ˵ÿһ仰Ů˵ŷŰյҶɶߵ˵Ѿ﷢֪ͨͷǺһЩ鷳
κսԱǵȷ鷳ڸղ⵽˲͵ϮûгԴȫԸԭشսӽ͵ϮĹ̸ѩȻϡ
ҶŷĻݺҧҧ˵ԭصǹȴŮ˽ѩλϡ
ŷ¶һĨΪ֮ɫ˵ͷ˵ˣԭشٽȥ
Ҷɰ˰˵Ƕൢһ˾Ͷһ࣬ϻ˵ôˣ˭ָһ
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Ҷֽӹָ뿴һۣӻͳһСҩƿ˵ҽȥûͰƿĽҩȫˣҲϸ汳ġʵѹûʲôҩŮʦȥǰү͵ĽⶾҲƿⶾ׻˵ĸƤĸƤؼʱһҪۡ
ŮһСҩƿ̾˿˵ģһҵλϣҪӦһ飬ҵǻ㶼Ҫҽҩѩѩɽɵʽŵ֮أѩӣϺǣƽʱѩɽɵ˭Ҳ̤˵أȷλܲϿĻ°ϼ죬õʱʦ
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Ӱڷѩпϵ类ѩˮ͸ΪֻѾӲıʬ䳤ԶһΪȴգҲܷѩĵطȻľ֮С
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ѽѽֱһҼȥ춼ð
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462 
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ˣͻɶĴѩŽĪԺʹһҲǰͻȻоѩŶѾʧҲͣͷһ˲仯ϲת϶
ͨۡλǱߵ˳ĪæǰϻƷԼȴ̲סһȣȳѪѪѩϣ䲻Ĵ컨
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Ī̾˿˵ѩ֮ҲԶˣǹͽ֪ܷܲյǰλ̸ͽͻһ˿ԵھΣյһͽһָȴһʦ
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Ҷĵһ¹˲ö룬ְԼս׼ָʦʪµ˲ͻȻ뵽һ£תͷȵСתȥ
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λͬʱƣкһɰҶɼϵʪһ˸ᣬǰĪǰ˵ʦȥ
ĪȫʧûаֻſͽܱţӲ϶һ˿οЦݡ
Ҷתλ˵λôϴǳȡ
λһۣǿɬԭű֮ľȫΪĪû뵽ͽȻ·תʱ˿˶;ƿݵıԵʱѾѵãﻹа߳ȥ
Īһ۾ͿλѵĴ˵ͽλʦѾ߲ˣһô
ãһϡҶҧӦһ䣬첽ߵѩɽŮӸǰ˵ҸæӰĸһǣǳȡ
ѩɽŮԥһ£˵ͷҶֱ̰ϵȦȫԼߵλʦǰԵ˱ϣѩɽŮǰӰΰһ𣬺ӹȻڶʱѶȵ顣
ҶλˣѩɽŮͶȥһм񣬵˵ˣǳȰɣ
ѩɽŮһϵӣ˵ˣȣ


463 ȿڶ
ѩƮ죬˪У˵ҶѾȫʧȥ˷УֻѩɽŮǣԼǰУС߬˼ϣĳĬ
ѩұߣǳߡ
ѩɽŮǣϸקתͷһҶ̱λ˼ӿ첽ȥ
ǰţϢһ߰ɣ
ѩɽŮקӿ첽ǰ߳ʮͣһڣǰ⿪ӲλվãȡһƤݸҶɣ˵¹Ѫƿȶˣƺҵġ
лҶֽӹƤҿǺһڣֻһůӺ븹У˾Ϊ֮һˬٺһڰƤݸĪ죬˵治Ҳڡ
ĪҲץƤڣĨһϵĲоЦ˵þƣг˼Ʒ¹Ѫ⻹˲ҩģĺö
ǰһƤٺЦŵζҶľƳѾĳֻҪҺһھܱá˵ȥ̵Ĺڣ˫էֹڡ
Ůޣ˰ϵѩʵƷ¹ס¹Ѫ쾰죬Ҳϵȸƣʮϣ֪˵öҲԣ
˺ųƳƣһͷƷҩתתҲƷҩƵҲð㲻
ѩɽŮ˵ǰƷƵмңҶƲǺ˽⣬ѩɽŵÿ¶зɣãװµķݶ׼ץѩõġ˵סҶһۣһ˿ĵԹ⡣
Ҷ¶һ˿ɫ˵ˣȳ˹һץֻѩ
ѩɽŮӿЦ˵ˣҪץѩƽĶѩɽϽֻ书ٸ߲ѩϰҲץһ취ˡ
ֺھƣİƤݸˣ޵Ǻþƣϼ̩ͨ
˽ӹƤ˼ھƣѾˣֻδİƤݸҶɣЦ˵СӣպǷһݴ飬ձһ
Ī̧һƣü˵϶ֵཻ˵⻰ͼ˰ɣ
ҶɽӹƤݻظѩɽŮӣڨЦ˵лľƣҲϢˣ鷳ٰǰϣ㡣ָݸѩɽŮӣҪǾλɽȣֻг˹ȲŽΣա
ѩɽŮӽӹָ룬ǰٰΰһһӣһָ볯ǰ˹ȥ
ѩȿȺ˶ţһ֧սʮԱκҸŮһѩɽɵӽˣһš
ԴʮֳԶǹĶԱǹڶ˷ǹڶ׼˲ѩɽˣһȺ󹷣ޱȵȮֻҪȮѩɽɵһ£Щ͵Ķͻԥսӣǲв
Ҷ뿪󲻾ãʮսԱҲ˴ѩɽڴ׼ȥҶɵ˻ϵĵڣͻȻ⵽ݲĹ͵ϮΪߣֽսԱ¼ʱֲŸսƽ֡
˫ϰУ֪ȡʤ͹ͻȻѩʧ÷գ˸ȥѩȷأϧκδҲҪסȿڣҶɾȻλṩϡ
սԱǸյѩſڣ͵ϮĹһȺɱԭѩɽλϣ˵ҪΪһ޹ʱܵŮָ
֪ҶסһλѩɽɵӴ·ѩѰˣоЩΣλѩɽɳ͵ϮսԱʱӦøҶסѩɽɵӵʱһ£Ѳλδ֪һбʲôԭ򣬲սԱǶסȿڣϧһдۡ
ѩɽһŮˣհ÷ѩɽԽڹҲͷĴɣѩɽһλ̫ϰңഫǰѾͻֱ쾳ɽбչǱޣΪֻɲݡ
һ쾳˭᷸ǲǳ˪ôټѩɽŹɭϣԼµӣż᷸һЩ֮Сڿ̵ķΧ֮ڡ
ܹ֮սԱ٣ǿĹһ֧ţʵǿҪȻܽаҲõһأ˫ѾŽ˺һ˭Ҳûȶ֣ﶼ֪һҲûлء
ǰѩɽŴ˸˵ţĳ֮ܲǰԮ֮ˣ˼뿪Źޡ
װ÷һЦ˵£׹Ǿѩɽʲô


464 ֮ŭ
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װ÷Ҳ𻰣תͷ˵ִ齲һҧסʲôᡣ
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θҧ˵ܣֵǶˣסȿڣ˭ҶԹ˲һɸɱۡ˴ξԮ֧սȫָӣ˵Ļ
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սԱսˣʤԼĵ˺޾ɫȿھ£ȭȷɣúҡ
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ת͵Ϯ֮˾Ȼǰװ÷Ϊһ֮ȻɳֳҪĹͷͷһŭȣΪһȺں֮ھ˵ģǼʶһʲô֮ŭ
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465 ңʦ
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ѩɽɵ˰ˣоһȺѽѽѧСƨֱһյһƬ̧ɨַ߼ż͵Ȯǿ˺ҧҲƲһƤʱһܿսһ֮С
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Ի̣һ壬һͷ̶ԵսԱ˵죬Ҵѩɽɵѩʵҩ裬ǵðҩȷһپˡ
սԱжס򵹵ѩɽɵһͨᣬܿõҩ裬̸ȷϹιͬǿС
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סǰսԱ˵סȿھˣȥңˡ
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ড
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쾳ߣ
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ѩɽɵʮŴŰװ÷ӭңʦ档װ÷첽ߵ˸ǰϹϾ˸վŵѩɽɵϥһˢˢдӭңʦ棡
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466 һ
һ֮£СңôҲ벻Լ쾳ǰһбƣвҲֻܽʵվԭزΪԷֻһ;ȡ
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Ҷɵ˵ƣ㶼ѾµˣѵҶô
ң䣬ͷ˵һҡ
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ң˵һ˵ת԰װ÷˵̴е뿪ΥŹ洦á
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ңĿɷŰװ÷ǿǰķȥѾˡ
װ÷룬תѩɽ˺ȵ˻غǣΥŹ洦ã


467 л
װ÷һ£ѩɽɵӳתۼ˸ɾתϻ̳ϿֵŰңƲס
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ɫһ˵УȥȲ衣˵˸ƣ첽칫ҷȥ
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ݲַٸվˮҶˮòǸ
ݲַȻȲϹ˳࣬Ҳͨ販ʿҪǿϲֹһ֮νȻעˮ߷֣˵ʲôϡƽǫˡ
Ҷɶ豭һڣ˫۶ʱһһڰѱв˸丵βʣȽŨڣ򣬺һٺһǼƷò衣
ָֺһ΢Ц˵ôúȰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ܺúȣӴѩɽھͺھƣɤ۶ðˣȥͲˡ
豭һڣ˵˵ɣôʶѩɽɰң˵ƴӣϣܸһĽ͡
Ҷɶ豭һںȹ⣬Ц˵Ⱳͷһȥѩɽʶң飬²ʶң˸ӣﰵѰ˼ҪҪƴԼ˵
еĲ豭΢΢һ٣˵ʶѵϷգ


468 ֮
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˲˲ɣѾսԱ㱨˴ѩɽûлҶɣֻǸо֣бҪʸ
ҶɰѿձϣԹһ裬Щ˵˱ҾϷҲʶ˼ѣǰɱһͷһ쾳书ؼͷ֪˸ȡ֮β񣬸һĸѣңλֵС࣬հ׵ϷеֽһòҲ࣬ҲǸ˲ϳ
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Ҷ΢Ц˵ʵҲûɶŵ㣬ʵϷн˼ѣһŵùĺ飬֮βǸɵģλҲʶ˵ʱһۣеĺ塣
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Ҷɹʵô֪үȷ̵ģ⽣һҲɡ
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ҶɽүĹͬʱˣι˵ģͷһ˵ģϷʹҲһܳܵסģɴ˿ɼСʤ֮ĺεǿҡ
̾˿˵СǸ۲۵ķӣҲѹǰңϳ֮ԹԷôһŷӡ
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Ҷһ˵ûҵȷթңĵľλмּɵʱհ׵׮⣬թһ»Ǹķӡ
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õİ˰˵ȥɣԺҲѡ
Ȳֲ⣬һǻȥ׿̹Ҷɾ͵仰ڹһһܳܲΰ칫ҡ
ҶԶȥıӰЦ˵СӶĥԺɾͱȻھ쳤֮ϣԺָܾˡ
¶豭һڣ˵־᳦Īү˸Ľĺͽܰ
Ц˵Īһ񣬲ϲԼҲָܰڻشЩɿռɳø졣
΢΢һЦ˵ǿ֮ĲӦԭϵҰǣֻڲпĻǱ㹻ԣͣʵҲһҶСֳļǺӦǷȱģ´ڻЩʧȥҲֻøòʧճ
Ц˵п乩ϯλϯλӵ޶ȵɣ֪ûȤΣ
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쾳ؼ˫һʵ⻰ô


469 ʿԼ
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λѾƣһ׿ɲŷڷģҶɹֺκ׼ȴĪһסЦ˵Сãѩɽϵ˵
ҶͳһСƿʦУ˵ʰңɣҸղѾܲνˣʹϷʶģٽһ˰ɣΪ˴ʦеǣѲǰ˵Ķظһ顣
λüɫ裬ֻ̾һûԵĪҿСƿһƿڹöԲĵ裬һµʵʲôҩ
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κЦ˵ҵĵҩһϸ缸ҲûζҶСӵĸ˵ʱһ˫۾Īĵĵҩ˿ĭ
ĪüͷҶ˵쵤ޱȣǼͷӷҲ˷ѣТʦˣҩջȥ˵ҪĵĵҩװƿȻ쵤λϴָ̻ʱ䣬Ҳȴȡ߹ͽı
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Ҷɴӻһֽʦ뿪˲
߳ҽƲŲŷ޴ȥҶֻܻصϷ˽ȥϷһʱҲá
߳㳡Ҷյһ˽Ϣΰģ巢ģһһľͲʿ
˽Ŀһ飬ΰǸѩɽɵĽɣ׼ջûʱޣͲʿֻж̶̵֣ٸ
ҶߵǰѸٸͲʿ֣ˣô򵥡
󣬺ͲʿһϢܺãмǱӹ㡣
Ҷ˵ԼλãӹһȺԣͷһѩɽʦң
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һ˵ˣʿǴȥɭ֡
ҶɵͷЦ˵ԺýʲôˣŹֱŤģϷͽҶ磬ȥһ˲ɭֶѣõôô
һ˵ǶȫףǽҶٰɣȥǵʱԻ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵õģҲȥһƥȥȥ졣˵첽﷽ȥֵൽ꣬һƥԺȥʲôط浽
䣬ǱԱǶһƥͷҶǰֱһƥȥǱӰ˰˵߰ɣ
һ˫۾뿪û
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Ҷɿ첽ߵǰЦ˵ʿң
Ͳʿת¶һ˿Цݣָ˵ǵģмǹȥǱ̸˵ʱƫͷһߣҶɿڲԶʯպһʯϰڷżˮ;㡣
ҶɸͲʿһߵʯ£˿㶪ϷʳȻܱǣȥζȴǷǳģֻҪ㹻ֵϷ鵽ܶʵûеĶ
Ͳʿ΢Ц˵ҶϵܣλƴռѰ˰ɣ
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ҶһʵΪʲôѰѵʲôӰôͲʿĻЩͷԣôҲ벻׶ԷΪʲôֵҪ
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Ӱƺ֪ǰ˵ȻбɱܹһҶֻǰ׹һϴһɾӰͷӹһذϡǱһԲڰ׹ǷУҶɶʱβ֮ζҪ˺Ƭ
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ڴǹ˼£·ƷŶԷѪζëѾ͵ļޡ
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471 
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պһڹķӲȥСʱ߱һеףҲýʩչȿүһøΪͰԵһ֮ȻֻһУȴžֱ仯õýֻҪеİܷӳ޿ƥе
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ȶҶؼ첽߳㳡乬ǰһˣ壬椶ݺݵһòŪһʺӲ˵ǣۣƬ촽ƵģڹûгǹְҵԿ϶طû˹ߡ
ҶɸǺѣֻҪ˵һΧͻʾڳһ˵ļƴߵǰֱӽ乬
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473 ߱
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ѪɣǰһɼڰɫҽϷţûе壬ֻ۴ֵף֣һŶַΪֵѾޱȣץȥݡ
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Ҷɵ˵ѧˣúϢ˵ӿڴͳֻͨСõĵ绰ȥִ֪ʱܻĲµľСٻȴ绰ȥƽ
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Ҷǿסͷļˮѯʣ֪еԼ͵ģȴ绰һҪȥл
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Ҷɵ˵ͷƽȥͬһͷԶ۵ͷϣܿһְ˯ѵ״̬ܸоİϢԺУ·һ±óӯʹáжܡݡĦгʻֱִͧս̹ˡоԼһɺԵĺ࣬ԴԴϵŸ֪ʶɵϸ˷ܡ
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ο˵û취յб䣬Сʱ׼һȥ


481 Խ֮
Ҷֻ֪б䣬Ҳ֪Ѹʰöһ˳ϸ׶ͬл֧սʮԱӳֵܾУǻѾףȫܳԱܶ˷ɻ֪һܷŰ͵ĺࡣ
Űͣһĵĵܶ־ͻ뵽ѩѡȡķƣɭ˹һСϣųȫڰɭϵļ׹˽Ѻ࿰֮׺ġ̵ġеġȨƵġһرصĹµ֮ϣҲԽһɵ
Ѻǰɭ˹ΪãһŴַĸ磬ǿﾡʧȥĶɣʿǶǾϸѵľӢŸһ־ȫȽİϵͳӽɵֻһ˳ɹԽ˵ֽɭһΪɵ֡
ɭиºţԽ֮˵ûκһܳɹѺϣֻҪʱһͻȻѣɭ˹ǿĶܣɭΨһܴƶƵì
ɻգ迪ʼλԱǽ˴˴ı仯鱨ŽõԽ֮ȷеַڹŰͣҲϤɭ˹֮һֻҪҵЭĳɹʽߣսԱǸϸŰ;Ϊ֮ǰҵλԽ֮
ֵܶЩģȻߵҶ£ӿڴȡһ˿ƣÿյúϼѡ
ЦŰһոµ˿ƷСϣ˵漸ѹ񫡣ֵǲ۲۵ĶĹץһʱ䶼Ҫϼѡ
Ҷ¶һ˿΢ı飬ʵˣô棬Һԩͷô
Ц˵ͱǫˣ֪ǶҲҶɣƨͷɲǰ׽еġ
¶һ˿΢Ц˵ʵ۸żʯϵƵǶ˺ܶ飬С¶һ۸۰ɣ
ҶɵһЦѹ˵аɣǾ𻨣˭ϴƣ
ƺд򿪣˿ƣĴָһзһ˿ƷΪ˫ָһСϿϴȣһǸҶѵһƷҶɣ˳ʱ뷽ƣܿ˿Ʒϡ
Ц˵Ĺѫɣÿһٵף߽һ㣬Ҳƣٵ㡣
ʣµƷǣЦ˵һٵ̫٣һǧ㣬ޣʮ㿪ơ
Ҷʳָû棬Ц˵Ҿһɣȼˣ˻ȥһˡ
˸Ĵָ˵Ƕҿơ˵ץǰ˿һۣKѾ󵽶ˣ˵ƣϸ㡣
Ҳƿ˿ȻǺͬ˳Ц˵֪ͲˣҸСƣֵһˡչȥһ۽ϵĵƣ̾˿ϵ˿ƿ۷ϡ
ֵҶɽƣҲϵ˿ƣֱһ㣬ֵûƼԣղѾİ˵ȫһ飬еĵȴ
죬Ц˵ǶһǸ㿪ưɣ
ҶָһƽǣAͬʱתֵϵıͬʱһ㵣ָܿ˼ǶǶҪӮǱ̳ץڹ򵥡
żż񣬷ˣ
ֵͬĴָͬʱҶǰֵһĬһµ
ҶЦЦ˵Сһʱ䣬ǻ
Ȼ
ֵͬòץǶƵĻᣬ֪Ҳֵˡ
ʥǸǹŰ͵ڶУձȺĳǺϮҪĿ꣬񺣵伣սݲеӢ֮ǳȫʤء
ƻĺʥǸ籱һ˽Сũʻɫճũһаɭķˣ߱۾Ȼѵ꣬Ȼʵʱè㽶԰դԾĶżճϽһ£ⶫ㽶԰ͻǼ
ճˣǰһĸߴĺ˾٣˰ɭʶϵ˹޾٣żҲһϼķƣ黹㲻ԲȾƵģΪϵһǹǹܱ°ڣ¶ǹһǣСðɭΪת㽶԰һȥܶٶȼ죬ȴû졣
˹̧һָĴľӣе˼䣬̳ӣٶ֮ͷȫʳԱ


482 
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ʵİũ˲仯һλǹе̶֣ͽѻǹװϣ£սףǹذ룬ѵˮָԭ״ϣѻǹ첽㽶԰ȥ
˹޾վڼճԣһε˳˷ӣɭѣڴ˳ѼͷһھΣԸɭڼҡ
顪һǹ죬ڴһѵһǹ죬ƺﵹص顪ǹ죬˹޸оЩȻҺ壬ߺͨһ죬תͷȥֻǹļһѾ˵ϣϱӵһѪӳײˡ
Ŷϵۣ
˹޴һ΢΢һΣܣֲŲŲֲֿ֪ĴһǾѻǹµģֻҪܲڰɱֶһҪӵ֪ܼܲϵ۵ģ
ɱңұ֤ʲôû˹޾پ˫֣ȾҲţֻװɵģϣɱܷ뿪
飡һǹ˹޾ϣǱӵƷɣԽɢɽӵǿĹ԰ʬǰ˵
һžѻǹӰľӲԾ˼ճԣ򿪳ŰʬѸ̧Ϻٿ˷ſڣִܿӷʬ壬һȫװϳũ
һСʱ󣬰ɭŸΰԻصũԶԶҰڵʲôŲȥһۣڳŵϲԽǣûжͣ첽š
һȺοʹĻ˵Ц߳ʥǸ簲»һʿСʱʿͣһҺƵǰ³˻һԽҰֱʻȥ
ʻԽҰǸˣҶɸβںϣԻһɫˣܿ乩£ǾҪȥ롱ɭΪˡ롱λԽ֮λ֣Ҫһʧ
ǰţתͷܵλ鱨ıޣҵɭҽһλԽ֮
ݳİҲͷĻ˵ϵƤϺһƬɭɭڱһ˽ũڣΪ˾Լߣǵ˲̫ӽֻԶԶӣСʱǰɱ׹عһ˾٣ҲµûĻӦûῼ뿪ũǱϲȡжؾƵ꣬Ҫλˡ
ҶִӺһɫƤȡϺƬƬϵòͨʵ㽶԰æµ˰Խ֮ϵһҲͽ˲ò࣬𲻿ɳ
δҶùһѸٿһ飬̲ס˵һﻹǸˣȻɹɭ˹ΣҴ󷽾סʥǸ磬Ͳ±ץȥô
ɭڶ̶ڴɭ˹ӳɹѹΣһʮһ£ڶν죬Ҳ˵뵽æӪͱü˺ܶ࣬ΪȻа취Ӽӳζڲֵ´ȥ
޵˵оϻΣյĵطȫĵطɭ䣬һλǹеĸ֣ڶʱɱĿꡭ
ʱ˿̣ɭڷʰ֪⴦صѾ¶ȥܻܿٸΣգֻ뿪ֵܱܳ顣ǳԼֱ뾡뿪
˵ߣɭʥǸ崦׼ǰһҪһ˻ٻʱٰѷתԼ¾һ˳ƤḶ́ϲʥǸ½ͨĺõطҲŷһΣյĵطȫ
ʰɭͻȻһ˶ʱһԾ˴ͷѸ´ͷһصİť
ͷתһƴСҺʾũΧ΢ֻҪ峬һͻᱨԱڵһʱ估ʱӦֵĻϲûгκ˻
ãɭɫ䣬ִһСǹһҪ봲ףɶһͽȻһӱһɾӲ˳ͷһ־Ҫ۶Ȼȴһѿס޷۶ԷſǹԹ־ܡ
ɭýţ̸һ׮Ľס
һͳɭ¶һ˿ı飬˵ֽ׷ʽҲδ̫û˰ɣ


483 ˮ֮
ɭһɣתǰվһŮĸˣһСǹתȦ
ǰӢ˵Խ֮ɭˡ
ɭһˣʵǻսӣһĻҲһ̽˼ڡ
΢΢ͷ˵ר̸һ׮׵ġ
ɭһЦ˵ҰǾȳŷɣڿԺȷĸǣΪűȳ˸Ϊ˼άȷݺ̲µ˶Է⡣
ЦЦ˵Ҫھ;ǧ֮⣬ǽǴ㹻ģﲻ˵ĵطƲһ˰ɣ
ɭ˵ãҪʰ㶫ĵӡ˵첽ߵõԣ־Ҫӣưǵ˲䣬һֻͻߣһ֧Сǹݵǰ
ǿͣãǹ㡣
Ҷɵ䣬ǹɭУ΢Ц
ɭһĨ˲ţսǹֱǹȻһ̧׼üģ˵˷뿪һǹԴ
Ц˵ǹûӵˣԿһǹԡ
վһԵҶ̯ƻбŻƲӲӵӵڵذϡɭ̾˿ǹ䣬˵ܹȻҸߡδ䣬һĵѾȡߡ
Ҷɻ˻УЦ˵㻻еٶȲ죬ʱ
ɭٺٸЦ˵ǰ˵ܸǸ֣ʶλҵңҸߡѾ׾˷ͷ֪ĸǰԼǵСǲġ
Ҷӿ첽߳ţɭε˿첽ϣһ߳ţߵũһԽҰѸ뿪
Ͱ˹ؾƵסһȺĿˣȺ˶˾Ƶ߲пͷԲд뷿䶼ǿŵģƵ귽ֻҪǮ׬Ҳ˵ʲôܻ˻½ס
ҶɰɭͻؾƵָͻص˸Լŵķ䣬򿪴͵ĺɳ̲вٱȻŮڴԡչԡ˰Լɳֻ¶һԴҲһܡ
ˡ屻˰죬Ҷ߹ȥ˷ţվһԡĺ췢Ů壬͸ԡмļ϶ȥһĹ֣椶Ǯ൱ۺ
岢ԷĿ⣬ظǰͦͦЦ˵Ҷӣȥɳ̲ӾɣԺʡ
ҶӣЦ˵ȥɣûӾ㣬˵Ҳεġ
̧еϴ˻Σ˵ӾҸ׼ˣղʾӣڿɻȥɣֲ㡣
ҶڨЦŵ˵ͷ˵УǾȥɣӾңҼӡ˵һùϴת첽߽ԡҡ
ʮӺ˾Ƶǰɳ̲ϣҶҲѧһԡһ˫Ƶ䱸ɳ̲ЬС˰ĸ첲ȥһεС¡
ɳ̲˸ĴƷ̯ЯһЩƷĴã첽εĴ󺣣Ȼ֪˫۾Ρ
ͨһ𼸸ˮҶЦЦҲ߽ˮϲںӾԾ屣־롣
ˮҲǳһӾһӾòֺȻ֪ӰԼӾʵ̫࣬һжܺõڸ˹ȥҶҲûע⵽ССı
ĸ˶ˣһ˶ŸСͷˮһİСòͺͷ϶һʪë˴ιŵһɴ̱ǵҩζһĸߴ˹εҶ࣬üסߡ
һС˼ӿٶεӾԣ˫ͻ´𼸸ˮ⧲֮±һֱĨһϵˮ顣
ʱεͺͻȻִͷץëֱǰһסڱǣ巴һݺݻͺϣʹƺһ
ǰһ˶ʱûͷѪͺһסĸǵˣųˮ֮켣ڸ󺣱һЩ¶ֻҪǶϵͻҩˮӰһƵʵʩթǲϹԹԾͷǻƵϣɹһɹս
ҶһʹȻתͷֻһļ˫ֿ컮ҪԽס߸ߴˣȴǼһͻȻ˫һƿס˫糯ˮͰ


484 Ϸ
Ҷĵһ˳һǱˮУȭݺݵ˸˵׻³ˮеҶɵŽһ壬Դ˲ðˮ棬ǰԶΧס˫Ŀյ壬һס°ͺѾˮϴĹЦ
һҶԺȻһ죬˫ۿ컮֮ͳ˹ȥѾ˿תΣɻ˰ġ
Ҷɵۻˮס壬ȭˮȫ˺󱳣ֻֽУһͬʱǰˮУǸסļһ̳ǱҶǰȥһźݺϣоǼһȥˮðѪ˿
Ҷֻס峯ǳˮȥղȭһᣬҲ֪ĸļһûеҵѾ˲ˣεǳˮߵɳ̲ϣһԡס壬תͷȥ
ӾǾԼͣȻûע⵽ղŷ飬εûˮ֮ȴˮ³ʬûҲᱻˮʱپһЩͻḡ
СʱȥתҶͷȻһʵңճ־úɵĪһ̡
Ҷɵ˵û£Ǽһﶼˮˣһʱϲ
¶һ˿飬ӡ͵ϮԼֻһܿҶɻеĲԣüʵ˵Ƕˮˣ
˲㣬ˮζ忴Ҷɵжһ˿
Ҷ̾˿ѹ˵һĸץ㣬һңʱֻдǾˣҲû취ô
һ˼̵˵ͷ˵лл㣬ˮﲻͬڰϣסҲȥġ
ҶɿЦ˵ˣǻǻؾƵ귿䣬Ұ¶˵˵طڣҪͱ¨Ҫǰи׼
򴽵˵ͷԡҶһȡ˶صƵ꣬˳˵˶¥Ŵ򿪾Ϳվһͷˣͷһͷֻ
γ˵Сӻ·һ˷䡣һ仰˵תߣˡ
һӺ󣬴Ҷ˾һ˷ſڣû壬ű˴ڴ򿪣վſڳ˵ɣĴӢۡ
Ҷ̽ͷһۣ¡衢һɭ⼸λһ鲻֪«ʲôҩ߽ţϹһĨЦݣѾˣҪҲˡ
תͷɭ˵λսӵһ֣ҶɣڸղĸˣӦôﵽ˽ɭ˹ı׼ɣ
ɭһ˫۾´һҶɣЦ˵׼㹻ˣҪɭ˹Ҫ֤ǿ糿ʬӦþͻᱻ˷֣ʱȥףŭЩ죬þ֪߳Ӧúܿͻȥɭ˹ֻҪԵ࣬ǰȥͱݺ˼٣ڶθĵ˹У߶߹ǡ
Ҷϸ˵̸֪˵˼һɭ˹Ӧ¶Ҳ̫ûˡ
ʵһҪͨϷܼŷôֱӰɼڵĹԱǸô
ɭ΢Цҡҡͷ˵ܵģ̫СˣȻΣӵеȨܴɭ˹ٷ֮ʮϵĿȫά֣ڼӵоԵɺȨκһ̷ɣԼ
üͷ˵˵ŷڼеȷӵзǳȨҪݳѺɭ˹ڵϢҲܼ򵥣Ϊʲôôʱ䶼ûκϢѵǡ˵ʣŶɭڵȴĻش
ɭʼ˵ûҹϢһ취ģ治ɭ˹ˡ
˫΢У˵²ô򵥰ɣкܶҵǿ߾ۼڴˣΪĶҪȳŷɭ˹һǿ䱸˻ȥ
ɭҡҡͷ˵һֱɭ˹ڵĹԱκνӴҲ˵ֻǿ߲ܻȥϷ͵˹УͬϷҲ൱µľ֮ĶԿͨȫܶඥ⸻ۿⳡϷÿעܴﵽʮϣ˹УÿζҪ뾡취Ѱ߸µ߶ԿҲΨһĻᡣ
ʵҶɾȥҲǵ˹УˣôܺŷӴ
ɭЦ˵ܼ򵥣Ϊ䣬ǾһӴܺͼκιԱӴ˳⡣


485 Ҷɱץ
ֵѾлɭ˹ǸܸŷӴΨһܺӴľǵ˹У˳⡣
ȻҶûֱɱĸˣҲɱɭ˹ϣӴŷҲкܴգŷǸˣڲ֪ͼ֮ǰ֧սӶóȻжҶɵͼȷж
Ҷܲˬ֪ɭ˹ԵһΣյ񣬶һһеļӦǸΪϿսвܴܿСû˽ȥ̽·֧սȫɺţֵʱԽԽױ¶еҲ˭˼ֻ˼
ҲҶɱ̬ƵƵʹɫҲΪѰҶɿսӵıְѱƵҲġ
Ҷɵ˵үǾͱüŪˣŶİģȥú˯һȥס˵ֱת˳ȥҪǺú˯һһɭ˹֪ûл̤ʵ˯һ
ص䣬Ҷɴ򿪱ȡһСƿƿöҩһöǶ쵤һöܿ쵤ԥ˼룬ҿƿǰöҩһУͷһʹ˸ȥ¿ڴϱ˯˹ȥ
ʱ䲻֪˶ã˯еҶɺ¸ǿҵʹУӴϹֻо˻ƵḶ́վߵһǰҿһͷ˽ȥžһϡ
˳˵ɲ飬ǲǰ˷һλϲʵĹ˿ǿҪƵģΪ˻֧һʷãߺûüߣɳҶɽµĺõطûⶫᱻȼյڻ
Ҷµöҩһöҩ˼Ƶ쵤ö浤ҩң̷ʱ轫ˮ̶֮Уֻܳҩͻھٶڤڤעһö쵤ɾһλ˸Ž
ʱת۹ȥһ죬ûҶϢλӳѾѷҶɵľ㱨ܲؿͬλӳľҲ´һһб䲻ϧһдҪҶɴɭ˹
ľˮ֮ʬ㱻˷֣һɳ̲˵ʬ屻ҧĿȫǣһʱҲҪȴʬжϡ
ʱֹȥһ죬ҶѾԼڷҹû¶棬տʼκжһھΣûйȥϢ˵ڶڷ˲ԣܹȥһû춯Ŷ뷢ַһƬңСҶӵƷڣȴӰ
˵һʱ俪ʼڷϸѰң˴ǰ򿪱ӶʱʧɫװŴˮɫ԰׵Ҷɾڱˮд̽̽ƽȣ˿ƫͷθ磬ôˣ
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Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ӦˣҲڻɭ˹ǰһΪû뵽ϡͿ˯졣
γһڴ˵û£鲻ĸһʬѾҵʱû˻ɵͷϡ
Ҷɲ´Ц˵˼ڻʱ䣬ȥúóһ٣ȥװɣ
Ц˵ã㱥һ٣¥²ĺʲϲʲôܵ㣬͡
Ҷɴ¿㣬һװ뱳Σֻ»պһСЦ˵ҷźãһȥ
𱳰ϼ磬Ц˵û⣬ȥźö˵첽߹ȥ˷ţϵıȻһͣſվĸߴĻѪ졣


486 ɵĴ
Ѫ߽ţͬʱγǹ׼Ҷɣһ첽ߵǰһϡ
һɱһˡ
Ѫ챣㹻ľ裬۽ǵʼնԵһһŮرΣһһ࣬ͷһͻͻ
Ҷɹһ£ӢʵһûܲҳԵ㶫ߣ
Ѫϵı΢΢һ㵣ҡҡͷ˵˾һ㰲ţϣϡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵߰ɣϣסԼ˵ĻǹĪһţָֻܿƽվҪԱץ߸û
ѺҶ߳˷ţƽץסӣû뵽Чʾû׼ʱ䡣
СʱѺҶ߽˰Ͱ˹ؾѶңһѪָָһŹ̶ڵϵĽ˵
Ҷߵ£̧ͷ˫۶컨壬ͷбϷһͨڣƺܿзҶת
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Ҷüͷ˵ûɱˣԩŶûС
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Ҷ˫۽ź˾٣˵ûɱǣȻңĸЩʲôҲֻ֪ͦ
˾˫һĴ˵Цûֱɱǣһʲô˾ͺãʡ˲
Ҷɵ˵ɵϣֻ۾ɱˣǼǹۣΪǳˣȭͷˮͬʱĸ˴ɹ𣿡
˾ͻȻŭеĲϺݺˤһ嵽Ҷԣȵ˵˭ɵϣ
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ҶǹһĨζЦݣ˵ʯ٣㲻˰׽ʯɣģúడ
˾޽˹˦˦ʹѵȭͷ¶һ˿ЦݣŴŷǿԽˡ
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ôҾ˵һû취סɣԸǿҪõһЩСһɱšĲӡ
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˷˳ǹ΢Ц˵Խҵ˹УɱطʦҲû취㣬ΨһֻܰԼ
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˹Уƺڵ״̬˵ʱ¶һĨ˷ܵı飬Ҫǿߣɱ˵ǿߣĸҡ
Ҷ˵ôѵ𣿡֪λ˹Уɭ˹ĵû뵽һ죬Щ⡣
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487 Ǳ
ҶͻȻЦЦȻʱҪǹڣҪ˿۶һ°úԩ
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ӸЦȻֹҶ̧ͷŵ˹У˵Ҳ·˹У˵ףҪô֤ԼǿſϷŸ磿
⻰˹УͷĪһϲȴɫ˵㷸ɱɵİ취ֻһһɭ˹ǵֻҪ֤Լǿߣұ֤Ըɡ
Ҷɵͷһ˼⣬ҧ˵ãǻ˵Ļ˵ͷһͷҲһи
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Ҷֻ˳Էһۿֱ˴룬۽ǵƳĴӰɫ΢䣬߾۽ԼĳһнеĽŲ
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ʦҶԶԶżӰߵͷǰͷһ࣬ѵǸҲļһѵ˼ǼһȻͷԹ뿪˹㳡ղŵŰˡ
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ˣͿȣҶתͷǸ־ٳԼԻǹʵİʿ
־ߵҶɸǰͣ½Ų̧һӳȵߡʿǰһһҼסҶɸ첲˹㳡
Ҷûʿײһſڣ־ٴ򿪷˵һԣʿ̰˽ȥصķ۵һϡ
ڰһңҶɵ˫۽ӦΧ谵Ĺߣһʮƽ׵խСһǽڣǺĽ壬ȭͷȥˣһĤ飬ǽ˿îȭǽ϶˼ǳǳȭѣͷԣһƨ˵ϣ̧ͷ컨巢
־ټķѾ˼ң˹Уи߾ƱҺʾϴһ˿΢Ц
棬Ѿؽ˽ҡ
˹Уָʾ˵Һ뿴Ӱдһֲߵ̫侲һ£֪˭ǿƿˡ
ķǰʵУ׼죿
˹УͷƬָ̣ܿȥһ˵죬ȻңϷͿʼˣ˰ֱȥҲ˸õʳ
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ķزž˸ת뿪
һһȵϷɭ˹ھеһѪʢᣬȫصĳǻ˽ֱųȫڰļΪһйϵ˫ܡ
ͨȻ֪Ϸڣһƺ̫ңԶǶ֪ÿϷͻһˣû˭׷Щʧٵȥܶ˶֪ʧٵԶٳ֡
μϷɼƣṩĳغӲ֧֣滷ˮһƬԭʼɭ֣ɭָδװͷڵλһƹǶĹŽ˵ܾǰһ壬λᰮǶؽڵϽǶһǶʿ
λƴ󣬽ǶɺÿڵѪȽǶػ˽ǶʿĹǴϽǶȵǼ˽Ƕʿ֮ѪƣԵȥǶʿĸκͼ⣬ΪŽǶʿѪǶΪ߽Ƕ
ǧȥ͸֮ѪĽǶԭʼɭڲԺܺõı棬Դɭ˹ɺ»ʵѪҺȾƬأȫص¹Ϊȥ񻶺Ȳʡ
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һŻͨ˶Сһ׮߿ƼͨѶʱżýϢȡɭ˹һֵȥݳƷΪŻᱣ֤ĵУˡѡ˻У췽ᱣ֤͵
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ϷûлĻᣬÿζ˼ǿĻŵ˵ģǾ͸¶Ϸ飬ֻҪ͸¶һͻᱻɱ˵ҲҪǵʬԶ޷ιм㡣


493 ɱ¾
ϷеݱҶɱڽѾ죬ÿ춼ʳˮܵľǳԺȫխСڰķ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ˵˹У˰صҵԭСǴô֪˭һĶֵϵϴ
ˣصĽŷһ죬ҶѭȥһĨ۵̧ס۾иӰ˼ſǸ־١
Գˡ
־ٳҶ֣õһԡ
Ҷҧҧ˳ȥһԲ־һļǰһϴݵϡ
Ļϴ·ʮӡ
ҶɽӹϴӿڴͳԿ״򿪼˽ȥһ٣ʵʲô֣
ķء
һرգڡ
ʮӺ󣬼ٴδ򿪣Ҷɴ˳һɫϻǴԼƤѥǱ֮һѽ󣬸۲ߣֻҪ˳־С
վſڵļķصһЦ˵ɣһٷʢ͵ã׼һ
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ķ˶¥Լһӹ⾰һŽǰͣһʮǹʵʿжվԡ
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Ҷֵ˵ͷ첽ߵǰʿǰ򿪳ţһ粽ϳ˸λ£۵һغϣһ
ܹŰˣŮǰˣһĺ˴󺺣ҶˣҶ
˴󺺾ҶԣϥϷһĿڴѩͷϣͳԹԳ
ֵܣڵĹβѩѣҪҪһڣ
˴һһҶҫеѩͷѾǵڶβμϷ̬˸ɡ
ҶɵЦҡҡͷ˵ãҺٳ̡
˴³һȦЦкóԵľͳԣгͳ飬ȻϷҲҪ˵ģǰѾȥһѾˡ
ҶɿЦ˵ҳ鲻ѩѣκϳһݻȥĻᡣ
˴󺺺ǺЦˣҳҵģϣǲǶ֣ҿԴ˼ˡ˵ʱѾñ䣬гŨŨĵ⡣
Ҷüͷ˫ۣԵĺ˴󺺡
һ·ǰУԼôʻ˰Сʱ⾰ͣű˴򿪣ǹǹڶųϵ˵³
Ҷ복λãһ˳ʿǰֽϸⶫƮƮļоС㣬һһҲ֪ʲô
ϵ½ʿ˽һʿѺŰߵһΡӵĽǰҶ̧ͷһٲȻһССĳǳأкصĳţеźͳǽ
Ѿ£ʿѺŰ߽СǣҶɿǰƻͨǰһ¶쾺յưյ磬ʱѾõֱֳԡѪƴɱ޴Ĵ̨εŮֳԶۿеɱۼ˹УҲװڿ̨ϣжһƷơ
ߣǿԿ
ʿǴߴžͲǽǰУֱ˴һװŽդŵĴ󷿼ͣդ˳ȥ
䷿ǧƽףڷżŴϰڷŸʳ;ˮһʮǹʵʿأ˲һƻĴ
ڴ󺺵һߵԣʿ쵽һľӹ˲ϣǰץһֻڴʯϿ
ҶɺҲǰһӹڲϣȥȡʳмߵդԹۿ˲ɱҶֻߵդԣ˫ڡ
֮ĲɱѾβһֳֳİӰѵ˶ֲϣ̧ͷĿ̨
סӵһ۾ӵˣϲ̲һĵˣƤⷭѪ죬ұһѪģ˿ڣܿɭɭĹͷѾսֻ׸
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Ӻõĳֵһգѩĵ˲˶ֲӣѪӿȪ̧ڿץ͵ڵء
ʤֳȾѪ߾ٹͷһһʹѪĶǡ


494 սŮ
ģÿֻһΣȴɱ¾Ϊ֣Ĵָת֮һ˲пĴַƬֵ쾡¡
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뵽Ҷͷһ˫ԶĴ̨ɭ˹ҲкüˣΪֹûǸŷµûӦڿ̨ϡ
ĿڳˣҶ̨ܿϴ˵Ŀǰڹ㳡ͷһͷ֦ڵİͷҲģһ˫۾
ҶϸͷĵڣͷͲһ˹˵Ŀ˲һֻж̶һҶɿͷü΢΢ƶ£ƫͷλСʲô
Ҷͷ⣬ѵŷ򣿿ȥֵ֪ͨڲڵĻϳӦϳӦû취ϵ
˧磬ܿ𣿡
һ𣬴Ҷɵ˼תͷһվһĸİƤŮˣҶͬһģû˵仰
Ҷȡ²ϵľƵݵŮ˸ǰ˵ʲôÿģľϳ˿һʲôҲûУϿ̵ʮ
Ů˿˿֣ЦͬһľƣŮѹ˵ϵ־ֵ֣ͬ֡
ҶһŮĵľƣʮһţ˲Ƕ֣ͷְӹ˲ϣֵ淭ת
Ůע⵽С΢΢һЦһˣͬѯľϵֱ֣취ҵԼĶ֣ҵôͲ֪ˡ
ҶߵԷ¿ȣһƿӾƣҿƿǺڣһԣһѣû뵽ָȥһѱһץߣƫͷһ۹ȥֻǸڴѶ˵ϣ̧źݺݲȳһ̲ࡣ
Ҷһۣɨǰľƣʮš
ڴҲĿ⣬תͷһԵʿôûлʳ
һʿ˵Уӵмߡ
ڴ󺺺ٺһЦףܿһװлӣӴץһֻС̲ԡ
СƺȤ̵ͣͷʳҶüźڴֵľٶ¶һ˿ɫ

СͻȻһֽ˵ϣ˫ȳ鴤˼´ͷȥڴ󺺳ҶЦЦ¶һڰݡ
жҶͷһ£˫۽ŵϵղǴѣ룬ɺڴô֪жأ
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סڣŲھɱ㣿
һŭвζŮ˺ڴ󺺻ҶתͷȥղǸҪӵİŮ˾վԼԶһ˫ӽźڴ󺺣ģ޲Ҫ̻
ڴ󺺺ٺЦô˵ˣҲʲôˣǼֲֶɱˣбϳƴ
ŮһĨ˪˵ֻ۾¶ˣʳ¶ˡ
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Ҷɷ¾ƿǰԺڴ󺺴˸˵лˣŮҲ顣
ڴ̾˿˵ʵҲ˽ģΪһѾϣŮ˽кɪ˵һŮף¶⻹ͽҪֻɱҲΪλѱˡ
Ҷ˵ͷӿڴ̵ݸڴһԼһϣƽʱٳ̣һ
ڴͳ̣ڴʯذϵʬѾ̧ߣһ飬һһŮеĻˣĴʹ֮һļӰУŮһǳǿ׳ĻѪ
ǵ֪Ů˴὿ǿ׳۴ϱߣǰŮ˾һ̷࣬Ƶļ߸ƽƤѥҲȶļӰиһͷͷһѳͷ˫ս


495 Ů
ܶ˶֪սŮӰвһĶ֣ټʮսҲ˲ʹһëۿⳡĸߣҶ뿴սŮô
ӰУսŮ˲Ķ֣ƳŲ˼С
ԸҲҪʹеκһ
ϵľǸҿɲô
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ҶɴյդǰӰһͥŲȥսŮ˫ֽոֻȶǰͻһ
ӰսŮԼԶλͻȻͣгָ̧üģ·ֻҪֱǰһ;ͻһԡ
սŮ֪ǼӰж֣ûаɫսŵĵطֻҪǰ벽ͻʱȻ֡
Ӱжˣǰһгû꣬˲ԣսŮһսһһƽɨȥһɫƥۻҡ
ۡ
̴ٵսȦд·̥СףѸ©ӰеĽԽԽ죬ŮеսȴΪѾལһϸСδⲴðѪ
鶯ʮ¶ݵսŮһһССĴڣѪͿȫӰеյǡôÿһƤ磬Ȼȴ˿ѪֹȥöսŮͻʧѪ
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һ׼ȷڸϣǿĳ˲䴫սŮƣսַɳɱҲһ¡
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ǿµģ˷ëǣսŮԥͽȻ۰Ѳײ򽣼⣬ַʽԼ
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սŮ̧ͷſ̨ն˫ᣬͻȻſڷһĲҺ˫ۡ
ӰתͷҶڵդһۣǹһĨЦȻ̧г˲սŮ󱳣ĳ̴Ů˺ֱ͸࣬ŮؿѪ˳ν£һѪߡ
սŮҳ鴤ƫͷ͵ڵأ˫۶դҶ˫ֽ߬סŶļӰУһƣһҪúýѵһ١
ӰͽȻתЦ̧гָդҶָԼһЦԲԶðʹָ

ΧդԵǺĳĬѸ˵һԣڴڣҶԼӰָ˲ɵӾǷӣߵԽԽ졣
Ӱ¶һĨŭݣְѽУһת뿪״Ӵֵӿ첽볡Уһжһɫ̣һѷСһһʬ
˲̵ߵսŮʬԣٵѣֽĴʬȡһѪܵװ뿪һѸùʬʬװߡ
ҶɿУװһѪܵĸ࣬ڲͣð˿˿а˼⣬Ⱥһ˵ĸʲôѲȥֲô
źųս
һߺԭʿǿ첽ܵդԣҶ˵һԣȡԵǰդһл˿첽볡УʿǶդǰǹڶ׼ˣڳһٴеļơ
ꡪդ£ʿ˵һԣϳİһ񶷣нڶ
ҶѾٿѪȵıתߵһ£ȱʼ
դſֹأȥҲ˵ʬ޴棬ŵĽ˳رߵһդš
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դǰһͺȣҶվɪһվǰֻդһ˳ȥӯúһֻҰè
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496 ɵ
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ҶһЦ˵Ҫɱҵ˶ˣͿûб¡δ䣬ͻȻһ˿΢Уʲôڻײһ£Ŀ⳯һɨһϸС̹⣬ϸ̹ϢƮȻϸ룬ɨ˲佫̹ȫϸһַٶȰڻ¡
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СĺĴʹʳһʵ⣬оǰλ˲һ䡣
Ҷḧʣ˵ɱˣûһ䵽ⲽأΪ˻ȥһҪɱˣɱһ¶Ůˣɱľҡ
¶ŮˣСһĨɣͽȻ˵㲻ɱ˺ɪɣ
Ҷ̧ͷС°һ㣬˵ûɱľǺɪҪһҲͱˣôʶ
СһĨɫ˵Ůû˲ʶɪŮףǸħÿ춼ϣŮȤɱˣɱӦá


498 Ĳ
ɪŮ־ħͷ˲С͵Ѱ·ûҲпܻᱻɱϲŭ޳ɱ˴ҪʲôɣŮֻҪħͷ˳۾ͻ뾡һа취ɱֲǼ֪Ҳҵȷ֤ݡ
СŮѾһ£ٹںɪ¼õİ취ǱܿκνӴһֻԶԶŮħͷΣÿζŵҪҸ棬λ˵ԼɱŮħͷ֮Īϲá
Ҷɷ³˵Щ˯ɣ˯ϣҴ̾Ϳˡ
С¶һĨм֮ɫҡͷ˵ⴲǸ˯һ߾ͺãⲻȥҪǲԸҴҲС
Ҷԥ룬˵ãҽˣ˯ˡ
С˵ͷ˵˯ɣҿӡ
ҶɽҰѳԣͷ˯һˡ
һҹ˯ڶ峿Ҷ𴲣С˯һͷ˯̫ԵСŮ˼˴߱ϣֻҪ΢Ųһ¾е´Σա
Ҷͷһѣץ𳤽߽ʱȣֻܶ༸ʤİա
СʱȥҶϴȥһ˴ű죬ǰţķξվſڣ˲̵ʿ
Ҷͣͻɣ
ķЦʿͽ֡
ҶɵһЦ˵⣬һиССҪϣξܸ˹Уһᡣ
ķ΢Ц˵֪ʲôҪ󣿡
Ҷ̧ӣڨЦ˵ѷŮͷ˹У˵һ¡
ķعЦû⣬ֻҪֳܱʤҿԱ֤˭Ҳᶯ㷿ŮˡСҪʾ˹Уȫ
ҶɿЦ˵ûŮҲȫԸΪһ־͵ԼСû˸ʲôŮˡ
ķ΢ЦŵͷǸˣÿʤһУһССľϲҲлѺϣһУʧúϢټ
ϷտʼڣѾвٸѺעɭ˹ԱͬѺעȨķξѾѽµȫѺҶϣһսʹ׬һʣλҶ̬ҲȻ˸ı䡣
һ仰˵꣬ķ̴ʿ뿪ҶɹϲתСӷ˳Ȧ죬տ޹
Ҷߵǰʵôˣ
СͻȻһ˽˵лл㣬ΪⱲǻˣлл
Ҷ̾˿˵ʵҲûʲôҲ͹ԹԴڲһû͹һ̹Ӱɣ
Сһ̧ͷ涵Ҷɣ˼ͻȻҧŴ˵ˣɴҲҲҪĥ˸ɾ
ҶɵһЦ˵𰡣׻˵ţҪǸһ˼һΪѳˣҿԩûš
Сһۣ˵ԩôǾ̸һͷҸһСܡ
ʲôܣҶɲһͷСڶ˵ʵһǵһΡ
ҶɴһһֿƵŻСʵô񰡣
СһĨ˵ĺϼ˵ǰǸСլŮЩڵѧġ
Ҷ¶һĨȻ΢Ц˵û뵽ѧͦǿģϴڳͰɣ˾ͲóԿа˼⣬ŮҲûʲôʮĴɾ˳ȳȥҲΪЩܹһ¡
Ͱ˹ؾƵͷڣλսӳͿ乩ڲ輸ԣһ鱨ڲ輸ϣ˵ֵѾɹҶȡϵԤƵһֵܸû취ĿȡϵֻеҶϷʤлᡣ
üͷš˵ҿĿû뿪пһ֡
ҡҡͷ˵ӦòǣĿȷ뿪ֻϿ򵥣ݳֵܴ鱨ʾ˷⻹ʲôֻе˹У֪ǺβƵԭ򡣡
˵ڳѼ鱨ֹĵȴȥҲǰ취
һǵ˵ĵĻҶӣֻѡ񣬳ɱ˾Ǳɱּ˻дԺܿܵӰ졭
µЦҡҡͷ˵¶棬Ҳڼ˻ĥԺ־ֻҪסĲƱ壬ЩȰɣ


499 ˶
յĽڽǶϣյѪʧϸĻɳط·ڵȴѪҺĽ󣬽Ƕդʮúڲסķ壬ÿһ׼ҪǴդ߹ͻŵһɴ̱ȳζŨҵŻ
̨ϵ˶һֹǹ磬λͷ֦ڵİƤ˳üƺʲô£һ˫ŽǶʱļɽ㶳
εĵ˹Уƺߵ״Ц˵ҵѣҿ뾡취ЩޱȵҰޣһôҿ÷ǳġ
̧һָеļɽ˵ͷҰ޶˵ʲôҲµûĻΣյĶӦþͲڼɽ°ɣ
˹Уһ˿죬ֱͷ˹ȥĴָ΢Ц˵һ۾ͿɽŶҪܲµɽʲôҾ㡣
ǹһ˿ϷʵЦݣ˵ҪǲµȥŰ͹һСʱô
˹УڨڨһЦܣ뵺һж
һЦ˵һͷ˹ع˾оĹϳ˶ץİɣǴǶڳô
˹У̧Ǽ⣬΢Ц˵ʲôûЩ˶ߣһϷǵĿһǳϲġÿĶоͣƫƫֲɱ϶Ϊһɭ˹Ҳʧȥ˾󲿷ִ壬ҲܵĴ˵˵ϢϢأκìܶڿ̵ķΧ֮ڡ
ЦʵЩ˸㲻ߣиССҪ󣬲֪᲻Ӧأ
˹УѿڴֻҪ뿪Χ֮ڵҪ󶼿ԴӦ㣬˭أ
ЦЦŵ˹У˵Ҫܼ򵥣˵ҵߣѡһλλμӽǶǵļĽǶø˼
˹Уɫ䣬ֲͣץűӣܿϱָӳԵѪۣȥֻ»Ѫ
ӹȥ˹УϵС鴤£˵ҴӦҲиҵܻ˵עʷ
΢΢һЦ˵û⣬̫ˣҿԸǷ㣬װѡ
˹Уתļķش˸ƣ˹ƫͷߵԸ˼䣬ڰֲ˵
ʱ˿̣ҶһդŷڣһƿĺţڵڶһͳǶĿ˶ޣûϵҲȥһۣͬһ䷿ֻһǱųĵˣһǿʳĶܣͷ߱ǣؿ֫ëһȱСҶΧ֣ƿֲСҶӻһȥһʺܻץʳ￪ԣҲ˲ʳԭ
դǰһϤӰķأſڵʿ˸ƣʾǴդ
ķߵҶɸǰѹ˵Ҷϻμһ˶ޣУҸԶɽһҪô
Ҷüͷ΢°һ˵ס
ķص˵ͷߵųĵ˸ǰ˼䣬˵ת뿪˷䣬ͷ̰ԵĴȻͷʳϸĵҶɿֻ˼£ϸ˵̸
ʱȥһӹ⾰դԵʿһĺȵҶɡУս
ͬʱվֱֳлդȥĴֹͣ˿ʳĨһϵˮվһ˫ɫС۾עդ⡣
볡ڵͬһʱ䣬Ƕդͬʱ򿪣ȺֱֳжƵˣаźĽףҲ㲻ʲôϡ⣬ʱмʿҶѡ׶ƣȫܾδѵ˴ⶫֻӰжɱɻø졣
Ⱥ˺ܿӪ˭ҲûȥҶɺͳУǵĿǳļɽв˼ɽҲвèڼɽĿⶢδդš
ꡪդŷƵ죬һʿúڲסķ岢Ƶդſڣҿڲ¶һͷͽ˶ĶʿͬʱӺĻϵͷ볡ڡ
гݻԶʱѾľèƶﾹȻ˽Ƕڣͷгݻ˫ͨ죬аӳ˸ɰ׹⣬ԾͣצɽԵȺ˹ȥ


500 ޵н
ֻгݻʿŲƹӣҿסӵĺڲͷǣǲͬеκһȮƶ;޴׶ݱִκһȮҪ׳ǸгݻͬһʱĶǣһͷǿɱһͷ׳Ұţͷ˫ͨ죬˸Ѫ⡣
գŵͷͬʱܳţԼٶɽԵȺȥʿǶŲٰƵſڡ
˿̼ɽԵѾбͷޱȵгݻսһţͷԶ޷·רΪɱ¾˿ϵıҧצ˺ת۾ͽ׳ɱÿһǳ״ңЩ˶ǸӪŷľӢֵµĹΪף˶ƺܿͷгݻΧʱǼ˶˲ѱİΧȦ˺һѪӡ
ͷгݻδǣųֻצצľ˵Ҳ֣Щ۵ԶֱӺԵվڽǶߵҶɺͳУֻɽԵȺ
˻˻һʮ׵ĺ̩̹˳ɽ޴һھסһ׵ӣǿٹ̶̲ʮ룬˿Ѫ磬
դڷųԶѾﵽʮͷǶٲȻɱ¾ԳӢƴɱѪ׵ĺ۵ҶɺͳУѾõֳֵɱ˹ȥ
Ҷһ˫ֳֽݺݴͷǰйɱľ飬֪۾ֻҪһۿ­ԣܰɱ
֪ͷһƫܹҪƾݺڼӲޱȵԴϣۣӲƤͷǲ磬Ҷɰν㽫ƶĥ̰͵һת˦˳ȥҲ˴Դϡ
ҶļѾſѪǰСһҧ£øСҶӣҪͷֺңһо°ͣһǿײŵľ޿˲ϣһְγݺۡ
ۣĽ۾ֱ͸­ԣҶս˳һѾԽ˸ϡãôײҲһ
ɱվϵҶɳһڴתͷ򳤹УŲζƵƵϣȻԶŵƤƤڻӲޱȵĹǰ壬ֻҪû˵Ҫ̶ֳȵĹһ㣬ֻſڰβ׷ҧ
۾
Ҷ̲סӢһ䣬п쵶ת˸̴ۣۣۣʹ÷һҽУһ׼ԣſļһݺҧȥ
вӹ֣һ׺ޱȵĵԶҶ򶨣һˣȴϱ嵽ǰĵһҧס˿ȣ͵һ٣һ˦ϵڵأ鼱ֻܻ֮ӵͿϧûһҪ
ſ죬ǰһų֫ݺҧ£ŶǿҧҧϾģصĳѾ޷˵Ҫֻ׶ݼٳԼ
ۣһбһѾ׼ȷ˵ۿֻ÷һİĺУ޴鴤·ȥ
ҶɰγƫͷɽȥӢԶ޵Χ˴룬ʮͷҲ׵˰ͷʣһ̩̹һͷгݻںη˳壬ͷԶ޻˺ۣɱֻʱ⡣
гݻҧˣӱì̴ͷԶ޵Ѫ֮УʣµľӢǾһ飬׼ЭԸ̩̹Ǹûע⵽ļɽ΢΢
ۡͬʱ̩̹˫ۣպյĴ߿ʼڻɳϲͣתܿûϢʣµľӢǶǴˣҶ֪̩̹ѾˣҲ֮ɳ
Сļɽ
Ҷɵһʱ䷢˼ɽ״ſڴһʾӢתͷɽֻɽϵʯѿһ״ƣСȵʯ׷£κηӦͻȻһ죬ļɽһ춯صŭ
մʯ۵ľޱȻӼɽ̽һץס׵ֻ֫ͭĴ۾Ѫ⣬ձ۰˺ݺǽڡ
žžûаʪƲްײǽϣεĿбŽѪʱѾ͸
¡ڼɽڵĶһ޴ĽŵװӢ̤£һͷ׸ߵľԳͷڼɽеԶž޲ɱ֣޵нԼ𺳵ķʽ֣ѹһеǿóͷһ


501 ɱԳ
ԳǹʱӴİʳʨʮǰΪԭͷԳʲô·ö֪һȷڽǶϾǳ˵جΡ
ɱֻɱǲܻһȫ˴һӶеĿԳҴγѰعеź˹ȥϣʱȴĿ־壬Ҷһ飬ֻɱǰľԳܼȥ
໺
ԳſڷһĿ𣬹ͳҴߣͻȻ𣬺ĲӬѻ󿳵շɳȥϵײûбסڿзɳʱѳһѪģʬ塣
ƫͷһվϵҶɣӢĹ߸£һɱǶҪ
Ҷҧ˵ͷ˵ãҪӲƴһϹ۾
סеͷӦһеĳбڵʹ⿰Ӵ˵棬ǰһ㳯Գȥ
ҶҲҵֳֳԾ𣬼ѵ˾ԳͷԳ͸ߴվԴϸСȣҪ۾̸ף
񱩵ľԳƺɨģתۼм£һձ̺ĳëټһƤֻͦ˵һƤ
ǶõĶھԳϵЧ廨ţӲ࣬׼ԣϳкҶɳϵĻ˽ֳֳļһһѪҲûմһ֪ܱĻɫ
ҶվھԳ󣬸ղŴȥûԳɰ˺ޱȵֻ֮ļƤѲʷǰһʱ벻κΰ취
𣡾Գһתкһ̧Ҷɵͷ£ҶɽһףṲ̋£ˣһɳСҶӻзֵãܱܿһɳ
Գƺ׼ҶɣޱɨźҪץУҶɽŲɣžԳ˰ȦһԾߣгǰȥֻһܸԳһ˺
ۣ
һӾԳ빵·룬Ľ̽һ壬Ҷɶһϵı΢΢һ㵣˾Գ빵һСⶫǾԳĴѴ
ϳ֮ý߼£˳ƻԳѴźԲ״ɳϣҶûаɣˡ
໺ԳȻһޱȵĲҺתһֻɲҲûãõѾ˵ϡ
κζﶼ㣬ԳҲ⣬ʹһһȥ˫ʹʤٱʹధŶǰһץסһӵǰˣſѪڰ˶˽ȥͽ˸Գ֮¡
˫ֳֵ߸Ծ𣬲ϳ֮ý߽ھԳϥһиԾԳųª˲ӵ̳һ׹ԳѪͫʡ
ͣԳУʹֽһиεٴֻ̣ܷһ
شľԳ׷ˣͷ̹˰ʣµļˣνӢŵûɢѾӰȾܣܳ׾ͱԳϣظ°˸Ҷɾ˲׵ĵطžԳͷݺҧˡ
죡ɱ
һȣӵҶҲҵǰһԾڵԳɱľѻᣬһ̧ͷҪɱˣ
һһĿİ׹⣬価ûԳ˫ۣһȫۿ͸ԳУɼ
Զž׺ҲѪ֮ģԳֻ̧˫ۣѾһȥԳİڵϣְĽȥ磬СκȻ¡
ãҶɺͳвŵԳûа㶯ҶԳͷϣסγһɰ׻ԽԳȻûа㶯Ѿ͸ˡ
̨ϵα͵һĶǵ޶ͷ𺳾þòƽϢּܿ˲пĽǶܻǮҲֵá
ųеˣ˰β̾ߣε˹ҵ˱
˹У˳ı֣̾һˬЦʵϷһʣҲ֪Ǹµʹ˭ǿһЩ
ޱ˵֪


502 
ŷ뵤˹ԭӦǶ˫һһǵ˾˩һϵֻƣ˵Ĺϵ΢Եģȴǹͬġ
ƿڲƸŷ׹һ󱦲أ㲻ܵõҲʾƸ䣬˫ȵԣʱ䣬뵱ʾƸĻ־׹ĳλȨߣȻƾԼ׿ľòܰһ޵ʽѩ㼲׳ճһȫ򾭼õĴѩ
ǰ׹Աл룬ͷһһε޳ƭмŶƿǱʿ˶ҾõľƸֻѾ˲֪ٻˣĻһͷʵǸʧ͸
ʵϷ⣬лȡ߶ǵ˹УǸ̰׺ݵļһڵϽɭ˹ʱĽǶƹߣҪͲΪԼĿġ
ͷԶȵ˹еĸ֧־ٰϷǾϵĻϵģ̶ʱͳɹϷȨɭ˹󲿷־ԴѺܶ˵Լһ𣬰˹Уˡ
ɭ˹ûκûе˹УûŷУΪϼľ
߽ľʱõ˹˷ܲѣ˲ҡǮϷƿȨĹؼֻҪܽµĴʹпܶȡϷƿȨʱûҲܿϷ׬ȡĸ߶֧ľá
˹УˬλߵĴҲˮǴߣУһ˽˼䱸һԸϵĺöԣһ̨Ҫܵصĵԡ
ԶԳ岻󣬵Ҷ˵ȫͬˣһ缶Ķڿͣνļͬ裬Ͼͬһӵ˳ֵֻҪҶĶͨɣ뿪
ȻҶ֪Сı£λ缶ڿͰԼϵܵˣ뵽һ취СѰҹϷһϡ
СܿҵһǳرĶϷֱͶעվںϵɱ¾Ϸȫ԰ƵĴС׷ͶעֶĲʽĲƸٶǼΪ˵ģׯһ´мҼţעٶõ⸶⡣
һҶľ⣬ܿµһ飬վĻƿһŷͷڼ׬Ǯ⻹һݶΪ֤ݣгһعȥһ׮Ĵš
СĿҲ뵽һЩͽȻվֹסҶɲӣյ˵֪ﰲװ˺ܶ豸˵ҿм豸ʱʧЧҪһʱ䣬и뷨׬ܶܶǮȻЩѸ໨ʱҲ뵽취ģǵԼпô
Ҷüͷѹ˵һȫͨõĺڽ𿨣źҶǵá
С¶һĨڵϲɫҧ˵̫ˣкڽҿȫǮĴ֮һ˳ѵһȺǮļһ쿪ʼһעӮӮǮڽ˻
ҶɿЦŵ˵ҪǮʲôã
СҧŴ˵ԤУһ뿪ôһҪ뿪һһССҪϣܴӦ
Ҷ̾˿쵽˵ôһ뿪طһ㣬ұ֤
Сۿ죬ˮۿתͲתͷİ괽һһмǣݼһ˿ζ
ã֡СС˰ҶɻУʵ˵лл㣬ģҵϣôһ뿪һúøл㡣
ҶڴһƣǹһĨЦݣ˵лʲôľͲˣôһ죬һΡ
˵һ룬ֱʪʪķϣǷꡣ
ҹ˯ߡ
СڵָɣָʾϳһŹַǽŶӶ룬ÿһַһƸÿһʻеƸֶǼΪ˵ģЩĲƸָԴԴϵתһڽ˻۵һִ֮˻һԼǿͶעվ
ٱʡڡΪλתͶעȫѺһϷ£Ҷɣȫʤ̶֣һҹͶעվͶעܺ


503 ע
ʱ֣깦Ҷɽ˰緹͵˷䣬׼Էķؾţ˼ڲԱò͵ĵط
Ϊ㣬װţ¥Ǵ¥ϰڸнƸ缶ʽ࣬ԷһܣϵʹκҲ벻ǺųȫɭϺڰļ
ֹǼڲԱòͣͬʳŷµ˾ͿʱòͣһҶɣһǳУܵò͵ġ
ƼȣרΪ׼˾ҲרΪҶ׼±տСţź͸ֺʱߣóΪ׼͵˹УǻһЩ˼ģȻҲûа׳ԵͣΪдλضĿء
ҶɸкĳĬֻܴԴȣ˹û˭Ҳ˵䣬УθڣǸƾ٣ϲ¡
ƹѲ˹ζ˹УȡһѩѸ˸һ֧Ц˵һʹ֮һ¾Ҫ飬ĻԼ𣿡
ף
Ҷɺͳͬʱ˵ͷ˶ֿʼϵζȣЩ˲ǶģζȼڵĻʳǿ˲ֹһǰ㣬ѾܾûԹζˡ
˹У˵극һ˰ʹһݸǣϷսƵܴʹ֮һϣڣʱһسŵ
ζػɣǵ˹У˵ĳŵ֮·һѪ֮·ھֻһҲ˵ҶɺͳдʹҲֻһܻɡ
зеĴתͷһҶɣ˵ҶǻĹߣҲĶ֡
Ĺߣ˹У˫΢ųУƺڵȵ˵ȥ
һ˵ʦľ˵һضǿĹߣӵйŴ似񻰴˵еǿߵӰҲµûĻҶһλߡ
Ŷ˹УĿһƫͷҶɣЦ˵ҶǲǳȾ˵ĻĹأ
Ҷ̾˿˵ûҵȷǹߣʱ룬ûһҲͲ䵽ز
˹Уһתͷϸ˵Ҷǿﶼǻܵ𾴵ģֻҪϷھػ⻹ܵõһǮȫԹϷǳʵ
ҶһĨ⣬һץǰľƿ͹˼ڰѾƿضϣ˵ģһᾡȫ¹ھ
˹ùһƿ˵һѾƣƱ΢Ц˵Ҿλһףλ¹ھػɡ
ҶɺͳжƱֻƱ죬һ룬վƾ
ҹǶǶԵĿֶ̨ʮλεĹڣѪȽǶЩǴ񫣬м߶ԾѪˣҲùǸΪڴ
̨һλüĻߣҶһһǸйһνӰɽ
ɽѾƹׯҾӪ⣬ʯŶĴϷһ缶ģΪǵ¶̳ƶ֮һׯ춼вУԭɽǲϹۿģۿƵֱһϤӰרΪҿɻͬĻļƶ磬˽Ҳį
һߴƤֽдŽǶɽȡһв鿴ȻһϤֳУжҶɡ
ָеƤ˵ˣСôᱻץɭ˹ƾĶȫԹúŶ԰
ɽ̾˿һȻ˵ҲΪѾ˴ˣҲֻпܵĻһ棬ҲǸǱһ
Цҡҡͷ˵ϧˣҴ˴εҲһһҲǸҼѾͷи
ɽ˵ҿҶСӽǶƵСֵµĹΪ˵ãϷµĹض߿Ի֮мӮġ
ͷ˵ҲСڳϵı֣һңпܳΪڴš
ɽ˫΢У˵Ѿע񡣡
üͷ˵ǰעǸĺֺڵĽɫҶСӸֻ׶༪ٰ
ɽҧҧ˵ΪҲŻעԸܺעס


504 ʬֵ
עǶĳϵһ˵ָǱһѺעӶͽעӶγһ׷ƣһעܴɱķҲвòͷ˼ɽ֪ҶһǱѺעܲȡעҲвһѵ˼ԸСٴһ漣
Ҳλ̳֣ɽ˵עĸʱᵽе˼̧кһģˣӢ˵һ£ҪѺע
ߺòǷǷӣ΢Ц˵ΪţԵȡ˵깪뿪꣬һԵ߹Ѻעˡ
Ƥֽ̨֣ϵĳǷ׷ѺעλæòֺǶդ򿪣һǶʽʼ
ϳһĿİ˺һʿĵˣеرһ߳ӴһԲܣһ׼ʿ
ϳûκηϻ̰εմֲɱǳУеĳһ˴εĶǸպյ׹ǰսӶӳսĴŵһжִصսۺ֢ɱ¾Ԩ޷԰ΣعȻ½ɱʮԱʮΧľ죬Ǹͷβɱ˿
ŵһͷޣ˹У֪սףҲҸ˶򽻵ΪԶ֪ʲôʱԴ󷢣ʱ׬ǮС´һżΪǿĻָֻҪû˶ڶʱڻָǿĶ֣ѲĶ֡
еĻһ鶯ߣŤššڵͿշ裬ֺĥнĹ켣ŵһζʹͳ壬Ѷһ߳˿ڣתƤӿһɹѪƺʹֻӴңСĴͷڻɳϣ·̵שҲҳ˼ǳӣְƬ½ǡ
нƶĲеĳһĪ⣬̶̲ʮӾŵʮ˺ۣаɼǣմˮ̳ƵģʪĿﲻʳѪûкˣӴյú磬дǰ壬ڳһηļơ
ǹһĨЦ鲽Ų̧бֲӣһоǰսĶʵ̫ûаսԡ
ȥŵһԿò˼ٶȲǰԾÿļӲסһȳջسӴ缲סĲӣһ
꣡һĹ˫۹ĳۿ϶һĨŵı顣
ŵͷЦųʬ״յǰʬδȴĴϰһڣ˦ʬ壬ӼͷγǱǶеĳ˿ðһ˿Ѫ㲻ѪֻҪֹͣ˶ʱ˿ڶʼ衣
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еŵ·˹̧ǫ̃̄һָſ̨ˡ
һǶһʱиĴۣҶϥդԣ˫ŲԶֺĿŵһǸʵսмңԶ˵ĻָöռʵڵıˣֻҪΪȡʤӮ˴룬ǶϱȵĲֻǴսսǻۡ
ʵĸͷԷеҶܽ飬þѪѪȡ飬μͷΪҪȥ
Ƕеʬ屻ʿߣŵļƷһѵʿ
ꡪդŴ򿪵ĻһᣬǶϳ׵ˣиһ̽һģһҲһģһһ˫ֵ̥ҪڽǶಫͬͺŵѪҺҪڽǶ罦
УֵܽǶһпĽǶֵԥˣΪǶֵֻ֪ܴһ˭Ӯ˶ھһӣΪɱԼֵܡ
˫ֵ̥ܴʱϵͨλиСֹ޵ĴºţʬֵܣǰһϻݳƯŮ֫һ顣


505 ʹVS
ʬֳֵֶ̽ߵǶ룬ϴŵ΢Цûһϳɱվһͨ˶ĴϷʯͷ
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ҵѣۿϷģ㿴ʲô˷Ѵҵʱ𣿡
ЦеķʵװĦֵܣҪԼֵܻӶǺѵģѪȵɱ¾һֵ֮ѵ𣿡
Ħĸü˼룬¶һĨЦݣֻƻϺ꣬˵ɴҡ
˵ҲϺ꣬ǸˣҸϲмңֵ֪еһλأ
Ħҡͷ˵ʵҴһʼûеκһڸˣ׼ǮһΪ֪лΪӮǮġ
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ĦЦ˵ںǮˣӮһھͷţ߹һȦְһСƨë
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һդѴ򿪣ȴٳûгС˫۽դŷС΢΢ſĺȲȫɤ
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Ҷɲʹĸо˫ƽǰԲԶǹ޶ãһвܸκӰ죬нŤϿ̬֡
еֳǹźϵľںһģʹĺǰ񱼣űǰ֮ͻȻһǹ;ҶţһǹƼ򵥣ʵ̽ǹɱУһǹٶ˲˶㡣
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ѧһ֣Ҷͼֻ֣Ҫ׽һɲ֮ĸоܴһͨһѧĴţȴѾһϸ죬ֻҪǰƽ־ͿɴһʺĽ
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Ħһʧ̾˿˵Ϻ꣬滳ȥģһλǿ׵ĻСӸû𣬷ǲʲôʹˣǶǻСӵĶ֡˼ٸжЩ죬ɧҲ֮С
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ЦЦĦ˵ллĹģŵЧӦϣеĶ֣κҲòߡ
һ˫أĦɫ΢΢һ䣬ǳԼ˵Էŷ׹ͳҲᱻѪͷ
ʿǰеĲʬҶ𳤽˦˦ѪУǵĳڷȥ
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Ҷ׼˵ű죬߹ȥţſվһλİ˾٣վһӺǹʵʿӶǹſڡ
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䣬ʿǰҶֽŴԽǰİ˾ǽٰģ֪ǳһ


508 ɱ
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509 ʢ磨ϣ
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ȶԡߡ֣ʲô֮ġ֮Ρ֮֮ޡǶ߶ֵһ£ȴִ˲ƣǸȥ⡰ߡֵ壬ҲǶܰѡߡԽʵڵġ
Ҷɱ˴һ󷿼ûߴǰһ׽ͷһģͷһ¶ţôŤ
ڻʮǶʿȫ˱ŤףֽϴŽӰǼһУĸߴվһ˶һرƬףϻ֧Ƭ̵ĽʹƵķΣϧһʹͷһ齫ղ룬ⶼǰݷĳ͡
ӰĿʼû뿪ҶɣдŷŭԹ˰Ӳҧҧ˵λ磬дǱǸҶĻСɱġ
һλĿ࣬ӵ꺺ӵһ۲ԶҶɣ˵ڽǶϣ˭ɱĺҪôʹ֮һգҲǿġ
Ĵʹڶֻɱ˾Ǳɱ֮ԹñˣҪԹֻԹˡ
Ӱѹ˵ûпƵֻһͰ˴ն룬СӶͬҲǸв˭Ҳûյסһ
һλƤ׾üͷ˵ûյסһҿƵһ⣬óһһڣֻҪһһɱΪб𣬶Ϊ˻šʹǻ۵쳶ʲôǿж侲ԴսǿģǻۿֲսĲ㡣
Ũü΢šѹ˵ҪɱѣҪʹǿбһ˻ڽ£˭
ʹҶɱеƵ֪ûֵܵסǿһ˭ҲԸǸģⱾһìܡ
쳶Ц˵ѵһĹôʹǿе˲һɱһеһˡ
ӰкһЦ¶һĨڵϲɫһǾʤĹؼҹ򳡵ضᷢı䣬ֻҪһɱҶСӡ
Ҷɲ֪ʹѾ˱ɱľУھϿףⶫǽѵûţ·Ӳֱǻﰡ
һ˾߽䣬һС˵λߣпѡò벻ҪܾΪǻ֧һʷãǿ԰Ǯתĸ˺ѣҪȡһѣȻҲѡԼܡ
ڳܶ˶ǵһβμϷҲǵһβμᣬбҪѹؽεǲȡʳ߶ҲУҪվһŵȺѡѡе˿ԺͿһò죬ʱްСʱǻΪ֧һʰķãǮת߼˻УҲתĸԶŮѡкܻܿᱻҪŮ֮飬Ůź̹˵õĻرΪ
ǧǰĽǶʿǾǹǻūǻԼǿ˵κҪҲŮ˺ЩԸ֧һ͵ĹСǣڹнǶʿĻƷǵһжˣţ̫ĳ̶ֳϳϮ˹֮磬ÿһλߡʱ䶼ۣǻƷͬǵõı󲿷Ҳǣ˰֮Ϊʢ硣


510 ʢ磨£
һȺսȺˡߡνڹŽǶɱΪȡһɵĻƴԼǽǶʿΪС
ϵУһ׳ͣǲɱֻҪͦذںѡͺã˳źİСʱҲ׬ܶһҲ׬ĲƸ
վһţ뺷ͣʢεĴ󸻺ѡƵץץֱӰ߿ɣǮˬҪһġ
һ̬ӷ׵İŮҶɸǰֺ̧ĴһץСҶץȥȴоƱһε𣬷תسϣʹֽһһּ˹ƵҲתȥץӰеСӣһץ˸ʵڣ¶һĨЦݡ
ҶƲƲ죬ûֶرױ͵ϮĹؼλаö⣬㲻κζվһҲץСҶ
ʱһλƤ˵ͷߵǰͷһ̧˵Ҷɷͷӹͣ
Ҷɫ΢ǰ˾Ȼɽվһˣ磬λôҲˣԥͷͬ⣬һεİͷͷĿŷ
ԲûȤ
ҶɫһݣĿܾɽͷתһԣһΪأֻеٳʱλ͡
ɽüͷ΢һ˵ȻҶûȤҲǿѣٻᡣ˵ת羶ֱ뿪ѾµһЩûҪơ
ŷͥŲߵҶɸǰ˵Ҷ֪ûȤҹأһͷͷǰڷŷ㳡һ棬Ҷɻ硣
Ҷԥһ£ͷ˵ԣԷҲ顣
ŷ򵭵һЦ˵ȻǳԷ죬˵תߣҶ󲽽һС䣬һŷβͼӡ
ŷ£վһԵĻͷ˵Ͽ࣬˰ѾƲ͹Ҷǻˣջ˿ζſˡ
ǣͷͷӦһת첽뿪˷䣬˳ְѷŹϡ
ŷ̧ͷһ۶ƣЦ˵Ҷûκμ豸ûʲôǲ˵ġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ʵҲûʲô˵ģһֻƴɱýǮƴɱʶࡣ
Ŷŷ˫΢УЦʵ֪˭
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ŷϷĴߣһ֪ǮĴʹ£һᱻһӡ
ŷϵЦȻһʵ֪Ķ٣Ҳ֪һЩ飬ǶһĪͽܣҲǮǮ򲻵ɡ
Ҷɵ˵ǮǲɣֻҪӮϷھϣ뿪𣿡
ŷǹһĨǳǳĻȣ˵˹һϣӮϷھһϣ뿪ҲȫܵģҪǳĴۡ
ҶЦ˵ֻҪ뿪ܸĴҲֵá
ŷ΢Ц˵Ҫ㸶Ĵأ֪ɵڣܴһҲûУҲ
Ҷüͷһšʵ˼ǵ˹һֱƭң
ŷ΢Ц˵᲻ƭҲֻ֪ܱ֤Լ˵ĶʵӮüιھ˵˹ῼһ¡
ҶɰȻһЦӮιھѣԼܹ
ʱͷ˽߶Ʋ˰ϣǷ˳ȥ
ͷŷԣͷߵ˵˼䣬˵ת뿪˷䣬ϡ
ŷЦ˵Ҷ㲻˽ⵤ˹һǳ̰ļһ뿪ɣſƤúóһ١
ҶҲץӼһ£Լ˼ڶԷûȷ¶ͼ֮ǰ˵⣬ͷӲʵ¶
ŷЦЦҶɴãƵ˵ӰС쳶գ׼ɱ㣬аʹǿ֮ͬʱԸ𣿡
ҶеĿȻһ̧ͣͷŶ򣬶˼ŵʵôΪʲôЩ飿
ŷ¶һ˿Ц˵ҵ£ǲǲμϷģӦҺһ飬㲻Ϊʲôɷǳ򵥣Ҷɡ
ҶһĨ⣬˵ԣҪϷھ˵ļһһúѿԷɣ˷ǳ


511 ֻս
ֱҶҲû̸κιں飬ĵĶһЩ޹ʹĻ⣬շǳǢ̸ĳߣ֪ʶܹ㣬ֻҪСҶⶼܸĽԹڹߵܸȤĵ÷Ͷ
ҶɳԱ㣬ûļɫ˴˼֣Сڵûẓ̇ͣ΢Цӭ˹
ǸɫˣȺԵ㣬ȥϴ衣
ҶɰϵĴӵݸС첽߽ϴԡ䣬Ѱһ¿صļ豸ڶ·ҵһͷ˹УģղŽָһֽҲֻȥȥ鿴ˡ
ͷҶɴϴͷϴ˰ҳȥ¿˱ѣϿסֽһù͸ʼ鿴ֽϵݡ
ʹĦ壬˹˷ռ壬쿪ʼֻսҴ߰ȡΣСġ
ִǰҶﱻ֪ʶой׹֪ʶʵϿ׹˵ǹĻƿ߲ݡŷſ˶κγĲƸȻҲĶ˭õյĲƸ͵ͬȫ羭
ƸҲԸʲƸԷУƶ˶ҪŷúûţʱʹԹԾͷܲ鵽ʹĦ壬ƾŷǻۿ϶֪ˣΪɳʹμϷпĻǴϷĿؾΪһЩݷԼߵĲأ֮԰ʹıҶԭܼ򵥣һ켺Ŀ쵶ѵС
ҶֽϲĹֽм˳ˮͰҪǺúϢȫӦĴֻս
һҹȥڶҶɾ𴲿ʼСʱչòű죬߹ȥ򿪷ţſվŵ˹Уͽװİ˾١
˹¶һ˿΢Ц˵ϲ㰡ϱУ֧һʺܷĳ֪ͣǮȥ
Ҷüͷʵҿ֪жǮô
˹Ц˵ȻԣܹһǧԵõһǧֻҪдһַǾͻĹȥһҾյ
Ҷ¶һĨڵ˷ܣ˵ллϾд˵תܵԣֽдһַϵʽַϵʽŴģرעԼŴյǮ֮һתСáдַһֽ˵ԼҪܻСһ벻õĨ˲ӡ
ַߵ˹УǰϵĶ˹ȥ
ǵַϵʽǮȫĸͺˣлл
˹ӹַЦ˵Һ֪ŷ˵Щʲô
ҶЦЦŷԼ˵Ķ˸ͲӣһԶ˵˹Уеϵͦ໥õĹϵûҪΪֻϺ걣ܡ
˹¶һ˿Цݣ˵ʵ̸֪ˣûм豸ͽȥĶϰװһС⣬ܳʵҪŷ˵Ķû˿԰ɡ
Ҷ˵Ҳ˵κλһ˵ʲôԸǶǷƨôΪʲôԼûӳȥֱҵ̡
˹һģ΢Ц˵˵ûһûʸɵģŷҲУǻ˵Ļ˵ʲôӣʲôѱ
Ҷǹһ˿仡˵ѱҳŷǸа취ˣֻһа취
⻰˹ϵЦãִҶɼ˵ģĳŵһȫ֣˵ĶҲȫţ˵ʹҪɱ飬ٶҪӱСġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ãȻ˵һر⣬ҪԸʲô¡
˹Ц˵ѾУ׼رĶڴֻսжھȥɣҺڴı֡
ֻսͬڽǶеĶսǻЯ뵺ϵԭʼ֣ïܵĴнһΪʮСʱɱĿֻһʱھܶɱֲȡöԷڲϵƣʮСʱΡ
ԭʼΣķҪԵĳԶֵϮɱ⻹дϿȻЩʵĴ󷿼ͨĻԵ龰ǻһرķʽУӶǵ


512 ֿħ
˹УѾõĴ𰸣ڴ˼뿪ҶɽУôҲ벻ǰǸðƻ
δҶ˶¥һ칫ң򿪳ȡϣ˵ǰֲͬ濴ʮжĿԼλǿʱҪرע⣬̫ԣһѹܣĿһʮھͻ΢𶯣˵ùˡ
Ҷϣ̾˿˵ҲɱˣҪϷھֱɱˣľᡣ⻰ǹ˵ģһܲɱܻùھķӡ
εһЦ˵μӴֻսļһﶼ׶񼫵ĽɫҿԸһϼḺУ治ɱֻҸĵδŵűɱУʱ˴ɱõơ䣬ӳȡһϷϣƵҶɸǰ
ҶϷһݲμӴֻսļÿһµУⷭÿһҳ϶ѪܵģܲμӴֻսһ϶ֻɱɱٶѡ
ģٵĶɱλⶼЩʲô˰
ҶɷһμӴֻսܹʮһˣ϶ѪծɱٵһʮˣĴﵽˣȺ˲ɱ˿
εһЦ˵ɱٵ㣬μӴֻսѪծۣɱǸκθС
Ҷɷһڴ˵Ⱥ˱ؽɭ˹һ㶼ԩΪһɵһȫԸ
ε˵ԭʼָװͷ˵һһڼ֮ڣһҰĸߵأϷһɽԲһռߵأϢסһ㣬еҪˡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ףһռߵغúϢȰһ˵
̧һֱ˵ʱˣȥ
ҶɵЦ˵һ̺һ׼ʳˮ
ҡҡͷ˵̺ʹԸ㣬ʳˮֻԼ취ߵɽȪˮҰܶ࣬ıҪҵʳѣ߰ɣʱ䡣
Ҷɵ˵ͷż뿪˰칫ңһ·첽ǰ˼ǰſѾ˱ȺӺǹʵʿվԣһٴеģ
ζҶɽϴ˵ס˵ĻҪκˡ˵ӿڴͳһ̺һ֥
סҶɵӦһ̻״ڴ첽ȥ
һװӭǰְһסƵݸҶɣ˵
װҶߵһԣʿǰ򿪳š
ҶɰƹϲӣǰѾˣлиףǸһĺ˴󺺣Ҹλ£ŰӱĿ
˴ҶԣһЦ˵ֵܣּˡ
Ҷ۾һЦ˵ϣǲΪˡ
˴󺺾ƺٺЦĸ׷ģҺ͸ԸΪˡ
͸񣿡Ҷź˴󺺣ԺзɿѰֵϣܿ˽
ɱ׿ħ͸׹ˣݻɱԼĸ͵˶ͯͬ£øԱһҹ֮䱻ɱ͸֪٣ʮ׹صĺڰûᣬֶβսܿ˸ðɱ֣ݲȫͳϵ˳һʮˣоŲҰ
Ǹ׺ݽƻļһĸ类ɱˣһҲûСҶ˾ȴɫ
͸ѹ˵ҵֺܺüǵģĴֻս֣йξ飬֪иõطֻҪռطܺúϢȻǱ໥Ρ
һҶ΢΢һЦ˵ǵһβμӴֻսܸһоҲʲô£˵˵ǸõطʳˮԴ𣿡
͸ԥһ£ƫͷߵ˵ǵطǸɽгˮԴʳҲõģǿȥɽ·һͷҰ㹻ǳͿˡ
Ҷ°΢΢һ㣬˵ã³֣ʳͽˣȡһһ롣
͸¶һĨϲɫ˵û⣬ʳϡ
ţҶӦһѹ˵ǺúϢһȫѰʣµˣŵʱѾռ˲ơ
͸һЦ˵ҵʣµļʹϵӦġ


513 ֮
һͣ£ű˴򿪣ϵٶţŸ̳ͬһ񱼣ֻȣǱһȺֵҰ
Ҷ³룬ǰԭʼɭȥ͸³վԣ̧һָǰԭʼɭ֣˵ɭаСʱƽʱ䣬ǶȥռΣܡ
Ҷ̧ͷһе̫Աһ·򣬵ͷ˵·ɣܶҶܸϡ
ˡ͸һһǰȥȳܵٶȱȳȥǿ˲ֹһǰ㣬̶ʮѾ׷˺üô٣۽ǵܿҶԼͷ
͸ҧҧٶȼƱڴзɴܣתۼְеԶԶ˦ȫǰɱԼʮӹ⾰Ųʶƫͷһۣ϶¶һ˿֮ɫҶɲĸţ治ɫ˫ֱнİڶ˼ҸͲܣǾߡ
Ҷ㡭Ϊʲôɱʹˣ˼ֱѡ
͸ͣ½Ų˫ϥǴŴʵĶﻹҶ䡣
ҶҲͣ˽ŲЦ˵˾ϢӣûСʱ˵ʱһϵĽǰĸСٶǰƶܿʧٶȿ˲٣ǺܿܶŸ͸ͬ뷨
͸ֱҡҡͷ˵ܣ֪ɽڵмҪȡںƽʱڸϹȥ
ҶνЦЦ˵û⣬߰ɡ
͸̧ͷһգ˵ܣٶܹȥδ䣬ѾȳǰȥҶע⵽ܵķǳпǸɽڲǰԼ˵ĸߵϡ
ǰܳһͷܾⶫԾŴӺ͸ǰɿӹڴ̽ǰһץָβͲֻԾ
ಣԵҶɻһӰӶڼѾԣȭͷϣǷɱҲûһƫڵϡ
ҶһѳӶأȳվԭط͸£΢˵ʳˣܰɣ
͸һͷǰȥǰʮӹ⾰һҺʯγɵĴɽ£ɽԼʮɸߣұڶֱ֣ҪȥȷҪݻһвͻǶϽۣһ϶ͬռգɽµǿȥ쳣ѡ
ɽ棬ʳңϿȥ
͸̧ͷһɽִһΪռ⴦Ѿ׼
Ҷɰеݸ͸񣬿мұǰ̧ͷһͽȻŽŰ˫ǰһ̽סұͻأʯ飬һֻɽԳѸȥת۹Ѿɽ
͸ץסĲһ֣ѻԵ򳹵ɱΰںϣߵұǰ̧ͷ̧ͷ˲䣬ɫȻ䣬ɤӴ󺰵Сģɽˡ
ҶѾϢɽ׵λã·һ̧ͷȥֻɽðһͷһ
죬ʯͷǣ
Ҷ࿩һҧȥϷ׵λһͻĵδʯֻҪʯŷĵطƴһݾɽ
죡׼ȥ
ҶƼ⹴סʯ˲ͷһУһĥ̴ʯͷХ£ƽʯأ̧ƾҪµʯ顣
ʯҶ󻮳һ£¡һڵϡ
Ҷɹ˲ö룬Ͻƴסʯأ˫۷ʯ̤ʵתͷһۣ͸Ѿһԣܿ˵µĴʯ顣
ļһ
ɽͽȻһҶͷһʱ˹ղǿʯͷûԼɽµĺ͸񡭡ûᣬܷŹ
ת͵ʯԾ𣬷ְγɽ
Ÿʵһ׹⣬Ҷ룬һӽӭ˹ȥ
Ǻॣһסһ󿳵ǰվһͷˣҧгݽյѹվһ־ٴʯͷİӣһ˫ҶɣƺھҪҪʯͷ
ɱͷһȻһ̧İеĴʯͷִӺγذ׹˹

ͷϵıȻһͣ󿳵ݺ˵ϣǰĶѾʧȥӰһ˲䣬ͻȻоһɾӲʹɽ·ȥ


514 ħ
ҶһŰѰͷɽֳ˫ذİѾ嵽˽ǰһ죬ذ׼˫ߣ֪Ƕ֣Ϊ⴦ҲҪƴһ
ҶԭûҪϾɱʹȴͷŭ𣬽һܹ˫ذףǰ̽һѾסӺ󾱣һڵϡ
أ
ڵϵ£ѪȥҶɺжһһƾȻǴӰӲϳµƣһа¶ķ
ҶҲû룬ƴڴߵɽԣվɽͷĺ͸˸ƣʾ
͸ǰֹһұڣֽ̱Ųý˼Ӿɽһ۵ϻԲѵİӣҶĴָ޵Ҷĸ֣ʲôʹǰȫǹƨĶ
Ҷüͷ˵ѹֻкסɽͷǰЩʯͷźãõʱæҡ
͸¶һ˿Ϊѵı飬˵ʯͷǸð취ЩɽϵʯͷѾ˰òˣҼʯͷҲҪʱ䡣
ҶһͻȻְѳ´ȥ֮һ죬ȫûʯУֻתӲʯ۶㱻ʿֳʮĳ壬ֱ񣬰ʯһԣһӡ
ôŪЩʯ顣
͸˿ĭæ˵㹻ˣҾôʯͷҡ
Ҷɳ˵õһʯң书ٸҲܡ
͸Цǰôû뵽У
ҶߵұԳɽһۣ˵ţȥɽ￴ʲô״ʹҡ
͸ظ˵ģû⡣
Ҷɵͷ˵ܺãһ˳Щɲ˵ų첽ɽȥںг˳ֵκˣɱ׿ħ֮Ƶĺ͸
ɽڱԼʮ״һֱʮ׵ͻأʯ·ľ񣬼éס˶ڣϸѷֶڵĴڡ
Ҷ̧һۣè˶ڣɽڸˬͨ磬ǹİվʮӦ
иӿɽȪˮͣӵصðγһСҶ߹ȥˮڣȪˮģ̲ס˼
ɽϽмž̺ӣҶߵǰץһ̺ӣ̺ϻһĻҳѾкܳһʱûùˣĻҳպŻá
ҶɽһȦ˳ڶڼһѸɲéݷɽ͸ѾذװƤʰ˼飬ֻɲ׼⡣
͸ҰǿӹҶĸɲ̶⡣
ҶͻȻһ飬üͷʵεļһ
͸һЦ˵ղмһȥǼһԹԹ
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ҶתĻԣ͸ȷڻϷﻹŲ֪С֡
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ҶտмңӺ͸Ķϲѿֹһ顣
͸̧ͷգ˵˾ղҰݣǿӳʮΣÿζϲ⣬ÿҿȵ֬ӿʱͻر˷ܡ
ҶüͷʵҲ˷ܣ˵Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
͸Ц˵֪ҵһοõʲô𣿡
ҶڴţɣǶϲִѪţ⡣
͸ҡҡͷ˵⣬˵⣬˻ҵĸҳ˯ڽϣȻڴ·һѴۿڻҽϵ֬͵ֱ֡
ҶһᣬϼƤ˷̧һӴϺ͸Ļ˵˵ˣԼ̲סһɱ㡣
͸һЦ˵ȻɱԼĸҲΪҵĸ˳ұûʲôģСҸţ˯һ𣬶һ͵ĹҼǵø˯һĵһͱСջ
ʲôҶɫһݣ˵ѻ˵Ȥȥˡ
͸ϵļҳ鴤˼£˵ҵĸħǱȹͼ֮ȫΪڸԼУҴӱһͷҪ𡭡


515 ʳʬ
͸׹һ˶Աͥĳְҵз棬ְҵҫ۵Ա൱ĸһλĺ˸ŮڼҲٳּһ㣬꣬ͼ̳˸׵ĺͳǿ˶츳ѾСһͷļ
һŶӺ͸ĸǳˣɱǻϣһŶܹͷأյ죬һ׮£ǹͽֳɱںĸĽҲŹͽһеõĳʿ˶ӡ
һҸļͥһҹ֮С͸̳һŲǮûκθʾ޶Ųһֿɽ໤֧䣬Ǹǰľ˼ѣҲһαװüõߣޱ޺ˣ϶Ժ˼Ϊƣ͸ĸס
׵ĺ͸ӱĵһ쿪ʼ͹˷˵Űҳ㷹ԷǰòȻ˺ȴƤĶħĬĬţֱк˵һܣԭӾǶǰɱ͸ĸףĻں͸Сѿ룬һ
ں͸꣬˸𣬳Զħ˯ʱס͵ȼ˻ۿһȵ֬ͣڻУ죬ֱճɽ̿ԺͰ˿⣬ر
һĿ׵ĺСҪ沢£ӵһŲд󲿷ĸģһǶȥĶħޣΪ͸ӷϽΨһĶӣŲȻȫ˵ӣɱ˲ѣرɱһ֮
׵ĺ͸һִŵͷ˭۸ɱ˭ֻҪΪɱ˾ͻ뾡һа취ɱɱ׿ħĶҲϧ
Ҷɾں͸Ĺ£а²ʵԣӺ͸񱥺˫пʹһֱܵĸоһжġ˵֮˱пɺ֮ɺ֮ͬҲп֮
͸ͣתеȣ֬ϵһ֮Уûٶ˵ʲô濾ζȲĵ顣
ҶɳڳʵĸɱɱԺҲ𣿡
͸˵ɱ˺ܶˣЩͳͳЩʲôصüãҲ֤ݣҵֻ˵Ǹ춼ڽҵɱǡ
δ䣬ɽ´һźɽϵţաӰк쳶˿ԸʮƻϢĵط֤ܰȫ뿪ͬλһɱǡ
ƨʹʮƾ뻻ǵĵطҵҪƨʹôɽɱˡ
͸¶һĨŭݣеĿߵұ԰һʯͷҪңܿ췢ɽ¸ûˣҲǸˤѪģˡ
Ҷץȷڻϼţ˵˷ˣǰ첻ҷϮ궫ֻźú˯һ˾ԸǼðʹ֪ðʹѾ׼ԼͲɽҪҲһᰲϣɽ´󺰴мпơ
͸ŤͷһҶɣеĴʯͷתصԣЦ˵ģ궫ȥϢСʱţʲôͻ㡣
ҶҲƴǣͷ˵ãô죬˯Ѿ͹㡣
ȿ⽹ۣٶ˶ӣҶȥϢº͸۲ɽµĶΪӦֵܳҶִӵ˼ʮʯͷһ붯֣ʯͷᵽұԣʱֻһƾЧǿС
Ҷɶɽ̺ϵĻҳڵϣȥ˯ˣ²ӹ⾰һṤʹСࡣ
ʱȥ֪ĺƻ衣
͸ȫעɽ£ֻҪְ紵ݶ̲ȡӦʩðʹ׺ݽƻҲ֪ʲôʱŻᷢϮ֮ǰ˿иͻᶪ

һιɽµдܳ޴жںɫƤӰĳüٶȳ嵽ɽǾʬԣſݵĴͬʱҧסʬʬ徹أ޸һѪܵʬѸת֣ܿʧ
ĦôŪⶫ
͸죬˫۽ſĦʧķÿϷ϶ǰһΪϷѶȣвЩצ޿֮£ŪһªײеĿĦ


516 ҹѪ
ĦƵĶ̲ĶҺʹֳؿɴٽǿʳ֮һҧһڼûбҲᱻȾҩɾȡ͸֪ⶫкܶ༢ĴһĴܶ˶ɥڴצ֮¡
ʱӰٶȴһê˿첽ߵɽԣѸٽеê˦˼Ȧɽ
ᡪ죬êɽұڣֱһ˿һСУֻһ죬˵Լٶת۹͵˰ɽ
⣡͸ͷһ̰һʯͷһȥˣļһ⧲֮±˸ԽѣҽһҲûϢ
ɽµͬʱȡ󣬶ɽһ䣬ʸƿ򺺰͸ţͷһͷְγ󵶳êȥ

êĩ˵ϣųǣûежϣֻһۣ͸ҧӶֳȥֻҪͬλþܰնϡ
һ֧ʸп棬һƫЩк͸򣬲κηӦһ֧ʸշɹļͷһƤ⣬ʹŤͷһҶæ
䣬һӰԾɽһĽ˶ľˣһִĿһֻжһѾֶ󣬶׼͸۶
ಡ֧ʸǰ򺺰͸ţɽľ¶ֳһп쵶ǰһɱȥ
͸һܹʸд󿳵׳˽ȥ֪ԷΪɽͷ׼ʱ˾͵ֻҪŵҶɸŤתս֡
˵ùһп쵶бк͸񲱾ԭĿסɽˣڼֻһɱ˶Ƶ˼
ɽһеʬԣֹȥʬϵļťѪܵʬ˲们ȥִӼץһ׶αУ̶Ѿɽұڣ׼Ծĵڣһ˲һն

ʵɽļһֻüһ̴ٵĹֽУʧص弲׹䣬鼱֮е׶αұڣһһ׹ʱͣ׶αԵɺϴұڼķ϶
͸նҶɣͷһϲеĴ󿳵û磬ӲѶ˼д󺰵Ǳ߻һ
Ҷɻһӣγһêԣһ͵һ˦ʮɵһɾ˦ɽ
͸񼤶İһͣ˲䣬һ󿳵бͷϣԴڵأһֻۣվԭش浹ء
͸ǰһѳϵƣһŰʬɽöüĿĦͻŵѪζʬ
Ҷеӣߵұ¿һۣ̽ͷ֧ʸӭһʸüһɽ£һһұϵǧ˶󹭶׼ɽ˭ҲûмװΪǶ֪û޿ܵɽ
͸ߵҶԣĨһϵѪ˵ٲߺܿͻŵѪζĿĦ˳ʱ߶ˡ
ҶüʵôпĦ֪ĦֻӡȺϣֿᰮʳĶ쳣䶾ޱȣҧһ粻ܵõʱƾͻڶʱǼΣյʳߡ
͸˵ΪϷѶÿ굺϶һ͵Ķȥʳ˿Ħղҿʬ塣
䣬׵ĿĦſѪ̴ҧֳֶӣʳĶޱȣһӱҧסСȣҽöſĦͷȥ
ȻҧסĿĦޱȣԴ͵һ˦Ͱ˺ȥʣһصѪСȣĦ˹ȥ˺ҧӷֳѪܵʬ飬пͷƤ顣
һӷӦ죬ſĦ޿֧ʸȾܣתۼʧڴ䴩ǵĿĦڵʹ෭޴Ť˼·ȥ
ʣµĦ˵ǰſʳʬ飬ܿѵϵʬ˸ɾͬʬ˴֡
Ҷ̧ͷһ۽գ˵ֶҲѹǻƴɽȥɽϢҹ
͸˵ͷ˵ǱвٸɲҪԣ´һʱ
Ҷɰ˰˵ȥɣļһһʰ


517 ɱʿ
ҶûұϵļһߵǶδϨԣЩɲȥѻһʰõ⣬ץһľڻϢ˺üͷЩˣڴƴɱ˵ģʱ̫ѪȺɱ¾
ʱȥһ⿾߷죬ұһˣҶƫͷһۣһƤڵĸ߱ˣǲǰϵȥļһ
һ׶ζ̹ߵվеĹֶһԣ˫۽ǿð͵⣬Ҷע⵽˫ʮָѾĥѪ죬ҪɽҲ˲ٿͷ
߱˰ĿջأҶɾһִӲժƹУò˵Ҷ֪Ķ֣ƸһĻᡣ˵Ǳ׼ӢҲǼͨõԡ
ҶҲרĿ⣬˵ΪʲôȥҪ֪ɱһõơ
߱˻Ҳ£ҧ˵ھͿ԰Ƹռɽ֣һᾡȫɱǣûκʧȡӦһССҪ󡣡
Ҷɷתе⣬ʵҺҪҺģ˵Ҫɣ
߱˵˵ƻԼƣ黻һ飬һߵĻᡣ
Ҷüͷһ˵е˼˵ɣʲô֣ĸҵˣ
߱˵˵ҽнɱˡ
ҶɱϲɫԺȴѾѽǷе϶˺ţɱˣȾݣ񶷸֣ҽͨǹе綥ɱ֯ɱʿŵɱ֣ӹɱ񣬴ʧּ¼
ɱи˷ָϰߣɱĿøɱĿˣ˵ɱĳ˵ɷ򣬾ͻӶŮĸһɱɺܼ򵥣ûɷӻѹŮûи˻˹Щɳɱ˿ӶĽڣϵﵽǸ۲۵ɱħ
⣬Ҷȴ˷üͷԥ˰Ҳŵ˵ãҴӦ㣬һߡ
ƵݸҶɣؾһԣҸλͻΪҶһɱʱڽǶһդԿţһľղɽҲҵڴɱĿ꣬ѡһѵɽ֮·ΪľһǿӲĿɽ
⿾ãҶɺĴãͣſˮֱһ꣬˵ҶܸܲһС⣬ҿԼ
ҶĨһϵˮһⶪ˹ȥ˵Ա˲ƣ˳˵˵ɱʿŵ顣
һȻûнס⣬ǰһѪۣ˫۽Ҷɣ˼ʵ֪ɱʿţ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ҿ˵ϡʲôں棬֪綥ɱ֯ʲô·
ץ⣬һԼǸ׶ζ̹ڻϷ˵ɱʿڶɱ֯һϵڽ֯ʿɱֶʿʿĻɱΪʿմƷӡط˼䣬ʿط˼ս٣ɵ罫Ƕ
Ҷɵ˵ʿսɱ¾ɱʿŻǸа̰λѧϰڱ֪ʶܶ࣬ʥϸŹʿĵʡ
¶һĨܵ飬Ŷ̹ھҲͷգ˵ɱʿŲа̣ԳΪʥ̣ÿһʿʿĻǰеΪ׼ƷﵽһʿͻƷӡ˼䣬ռǶΪ繱Լ
סҶɰִĻ˵СӾǸϴԵɱҲʿҲգؽʲôҲǣҪľǻţŬøһЩ
˶ͷһˮܵʱͷ˵ǱʿʧˣܻҲҲܻɱʿš˵ۿӯỨڻӳ
һϺõⱻ￾˰뽹״Ĩϵˮʼ⣬뽹·ζʳ̻ʵģ޲ðͷҲ¶ȥ
ȻҶץԵĳʵڽͷ˵ˣֵʱˡ


518 
Ҳץ׶̹һ嵽ұԣ·һƬڣӰǸḻɱ֣һװ취ֻѸٷڵϣѶڵܿڵķ򣬼è˼ʱһ侲֣ȴðͷ
ɽӸʯõİ취ѡ͵ϮΪҪƸҪҪȡҶΡ
Ҷɷгľ˿ڻϲĿǺöвûκϣζûУֻһԭ̬һ߾ȺϷ
һͷȻұ·̽˳ǸĺӣðͷְԴ˻ȥֵľٶݷԵĽͷ˼£ǿסֵĳ嶯ڵϣ̹׶׼˺ðͷλá
ʱȥ˰ӹ⾰Դð˳ĲֹһԴдӣԾɽ˲䣬ݷԵĽȻ̹׶ź˺ʹ̹ȥһѾãһѸ硣
ƺϵ͵ϮǰһԾɽӲԶһ׶⿰󱳣꣡һ촫ӼǾ׶͸ʹֽһǰ˵˳ɿƣǰһԾڶ̹ĩˣ׶ƱǹӺǰð˵ϣŤɥ
ִӺӱϰγ̹Ϲҵ̷£˼վɽа㶯ǸǸеɽҸط䣬û뵽ϰݷɱ
Ҷתͷ˵ʬ嶪ȥĦʰ
ö̹ʬɽתߵҶɸǰ£еƹĵ˹
ҶֽӹƷŽڴץЩɲŽѣѿõ˺ݣһݶ˽˵˶Ӳܺúûȥ
ӹͷ˵ллҶһúûȥ
Ҷûٶ˵ʲôͷֻ˿ʳеĿ⣬κˣЩ׶񼫵Ҫʱ̱һĮ뾯衣
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãɽ׵ʬֱĦߣĺ͸һɲ˹ԵĽʱһ˿죬ָֻܿ˳̬¸ɲҶԣץһľ˷ڻϿţ˵Ҷȥɽ˯СʱҺͽžͿˡ
Ҷһۣ˵ʶ
͸ЦȻʶҸڼ֣ǰֵµĹҲ˶١ﶼǼϴʶʱҲ̣μӼϷûҲûΪĲĶ֡
Ц˵㵹ǴҵҶǿϼ˽͸ļһ
Ҷִӿڴһ׽ﻳУЦ˵úĶ˯ᣬʲô״ҾС˵ѳڻк£ۺ˯
ӻȡǸҶɵƣȻѾԭ͵ϿݣСеһԱ
ƺѾûٵɽ鱣֮أҶ˯ú㣬ʱᷭ򼸸С࣬Ļʼձųûһ̷ɡ
͸ͽڻԳģһͷС޳һͷӣ˶ǵһβμϷ֪ʱ仹ǳԣõȥʳҽһĻҵƴɽͷΪԭʼΨһʱΣյڣҲƴɱһҹϢء
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͸ĵ˵ͷè첽棬ͽȻ̽ͷ·һۣһ̽ͷ֧ʸ֮ˣд˺öˣʯͷҡ
ﷴӦ죬һ嵽ұ԰𼸿ʯͷȥ߶ȾҶһСʯͷˣʮһĴʯͷȥЧԶ
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ಡ
ʸЮƿռХҶͷ˫⧷ʯ˹ȥʸʯϼʯң뱻м֧뻤һû˵Ƥ
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519 ŵĴ
ҶɿУԺͷתɽ׵йаˣɽռ˲μӴֻս룬ڿĦУѾﵽʮˣټʹߵһˡʮһȫλʹ
˼䣬Ҷɺ󴫳һʹŤͷȥֻ͸ŭĿᵶԼȻһ̹ѪȾ˰ӡ
һĽ˫ֽն̹ǰͳ壬͸ֽ߬סȻӵնԴ˫Ǻ⡣
ֹһ̹һ˿鼱ֶֻ̹֮ܳˣһѸӺ͸̼͸š
һҺؿ˰벽һ󿳵ͷն䣬ֻһ죬ټͷ­롣
Ҷɵֲס͸ҡҡ׹ӣ۳˵סϢ
͸ɬһЦҡҡͷ˵ҶһжʹĻָʹҲֻǲɱ㣬ϷŸոտʼ
δ䣬Ӷɽ򻺲Ŀ׵ˣա쳶ӰУеıһģһ󽣣εۻ
ҶһЦſ͸粽ǰֽӲʯУ鰴ڽϷ˵͸㸺סɽµˣһԸ
ʹҶվӰǰ벽ЦЦŲԶ֮ʵһɱ𣿡
ҶɰȻһЦһɨ˵˵ϻԡ˵ʱھĵϵ޷ƮֻҪʹǰ벽Ľնڽ¡
Ӱ̧гһָҶӣ˵ɱ㣬ϷŸոտʼ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һšӰеĻ˼£ȻԺһХҼ类һɾݺײϣһʹȻһ
㡭Ҷǿ̾ʹתͷֻ͸еĴ󿳵ݺԼҼϣǱסұѾն
ȥ
Ҷһȣʹץ𳤽ɨ͸Ѿˣ˲䱻նεɳȥͻɲǣҡҷ߰ʹŹݼŵսӽֱȡҶɺ󱳣Ҫ͸
ҶɺХ֪޷ܿɱУһǰԾڽ󱳵˲ɽȥ
ʹɲסǰ֮ƣͬʱ̿գǰ벽Ҫʮɸߵ£ͷȥֻҶɵڿлһ仡׹հ䵽˰ǰһڵϹ˼ͻȻת̽ɱС
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Ҷֳֽͷɽ߸̧ۣһȾѪƣѪڳصӳ¶һĨ۵Ľɫʱ·ͣ룬ʹҶɰƴڴһݵ߽çç֡
˻˻ȺĦųͷԶŵѪζѸʬѪʳ͡
쳶ʧſĦʬ壬ͷðһϸܵĺ飬Ѹ󣬱һˮߴϲ¡
ӰȻعҧ˵ѾˣһɱһܡβظͬһʶҲӲ͸ʱ飬ַֻӰοԼ
ջӶһеĳ˵ѣѾȫˣղſɱ˵Ķ˵𣿡
Ӱбһ£һʱ䲻֪ôشǼһղɱ˵Ķ׿磬а˵ӣ͸һǼһҼ磬̫಻ȷһƬհף֪ôشյ⡣
쳶ڻع˵ҾüӰ˵Ĳ˵ҲҪڰǰֻ·һǺɱڶǶϷʱ
Ӱҡͷ˵ҶСѾ˴󲿷ƣǶҲֻǰɽȥɱֻܶơ
Ŀһݣ˵ͬɽɱҶСӣֻܶƣҸҶ϶СӺпˣһɱɽѡ뿪
쳶ԥ˼룬ҧ˵ûɽлɱҶģҪǵָľǡ
ʹ̵Ľ̸Ѿ˹ʶֻɱҶĲлӮϷҪܱס˵ȶûаԥɽȥ
ʹ뿪ɽ󲻾ãһƣӰײײ߽˱éڱεɽ


520 
ɽȥҶɣ˺͸һҼʹѵҪлֵֻѾһ첲˸Ҳٴӡ֤˽˵Ļﲻκˡ
Ҷ֮ѡ񷵻ɽǾһؿľðʹǰ뿪žͻһƲ뵽ֶ˻ԭʼΣķԶɽ̹ϵѾõһûҪŸðƻģȺúϢ˿˵
ɽһȪҶɿ첽ߵǰȪˮϴ˿ڣ˿ںҺûŹͷǱһ⵶ܻܿжһ첲
СʱȥѾ硣ϢһҶɸоϵ˿Ѿٳʹɽêĳ̶ɽ󷽵ʯɽȥɽǳ㣬˰ȦɽףһϣĦߵֻʬ壬ЩõĶȤ
ʰɢڵصȻ˼ʮ֧Щ㹻ðʹһҶд⣬ɽϿպʱ䲻һöʺ׷͵ϮҪԸðƻҵһöҺĦĶоĶҺѶҺͿĨͷϻ𵽷ǳЧ
Ҷʱ̲һֻԱʱðƻλãڵҪҵһĦ
˻˻дϤҶתһôӸĦڿʳһͷѾгһͷӣĦѾԹǼʧȥȤȥʣһĦڽζĿͷϵƤ⡣
Ҷ̰У׼˿Ħ۾һλָ۶ಣһ֧ʸǰпĦۿ
˵ĿĦûеȥʼǰԲͲ״ڵϲͣ׳ĳβҺɨܵС鵹˲֪٣ȥ϶ͬҶɶ飬׼ĿĦһ
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ʱ˿̣Ƕ˵ĿⶼڼҺϣ˵ǵ˹Уһιɽ飬ʹ£һϮɱҶʱ޵ҧгݣӱӳ˼ѪۣĦֲҷֻĵȴվļҲҶ˰Ѻ
Ҷɱֳǿս𾪲ѣλĻƾһ֮ɱ˴󲿷ߣһŵĴתɽ˵ľٶֳ˹˵ǻۣҿɱĦʱ֪ᷢʲôҪʹչѪȱ
˹УˣվŤƨһλĲȹ裬֪Ҷһöҵڴеʹֻʱ⡣
ĦתͷԵ˹У˵ҶҶɵ˺Ȥɱλʹܲܰ͸أ
˹ӱͷ˵𾴵ĦҶһΣյطıڿ϶ʣҿɲļΣ֮С
ĦͷһЦ˵˹Һᱻ˾ܾܿҪѡͳˣһ׷ӵӦòܾССҪ󡣡
˼ףĦֵ֧ĲѡһпܳΪ׹ͳĦڷȰ˹ҪԼ·ввĳɷڡ
˹˵ĦһˣǾ˵ְ׷ӵͬҶ͸һ£ĵȴɵϣĦв𲻵ã˭Ϊ׷ӵҲֻƵҲкְܶ취Ӧ
Ħ˸ӣһ˵ҶܲɱλʹǸδ֪Ҳ뿪ҾѾ֡
˹ûд𻰣ĿͶĴĻĻϵҶèڴп첽ǰУûһͻüͷԵľϻһǺţٲظ·
ʹҲҵһϢһԶĦˮ̶ԣﲻгĵˮзḻʳˮĴǵͣӰó㣬쳶ˮ̶ѾڴѰ˺ܾãʼûҶɵټ׼ټѰǸ鷳ļһ
ո𾯽䣬վˮ̶һͻأĴʯͷϣһԶ۲ΧĶȻ֪һ̲ñӰѾȻǱеˮ̶һ࣬е׼ڿ쳶


521 ɱ¾֮
쳶Ķǳ죬ЯһССΰεʳûεʳζȫһġ
ݷڰ˲ſ۶Ѱһᣬһ־ĻᣬԷˣҪɱһǳ򵥣Ҫɱһͬʱ־Ҫĺǻۡ
ݷңҶһ˷ѽľٶȻ˴֣ʱ֣ܳҪһϷĦ
һͷɢŨҸζ·żȻģʱͷһ֦ϣҲ֪ʲôȥģ¾ۼһȺĦʮЩĶᰮ⣬һͷɢζǴǧǶֻ¸ɵȣҶɷһĻʱʵһһȦűܹȺ͵ļһ
ҶһʮСϣȥ֦ҶĩҰ˸Ľʵ٣ٽһһϣ˹ĴǹŨҵĸζ㱻Ѭ˩ϣԳԾһڴֵϡ
ԭµŸĿĦ͵̧ͷųҶڵСʱζַתƣѭζ˹ȥ
һһãҶԭʼķӵһȺĦڴпƶܿˮ̶һϣطǾѡģܱܿյߣٶȽ⿪ס٣ˮУ˼һѣ˳ˮƯʹķװһ֧Ⱦ˶Һļͷ׼쳶
ĿĦҲˮУǶӾ֣Źĸ⣬Ħε÷ɿ죬ٻſҧס򳶳룬һһüٶȳ򰶱ߣĦԲ⣬ǿʻĴ⡣
ʮĦһ㻮ˮʹͬһʱ䣬һ֧ʸ˲ʹעڿĦϣȻ֪ڰ͵ϮĦ޴Ļˮס˾ʸƿյļХһ룬쳶С϶һˣʹҽһϥء
Ҷļнʹ϶źףѡûпڵСȣֻҪмͷϵĶҺܿѪҺɢҪȺꤵĿĦ
ӰкձĦ׼ת룬ôҲ벻쳶ͻȻҽһˣӦһһֲס쳶
ಡһ֧ʸƿնСȣзһӽֻöһ죬ľʸأһؼͷδСϲȻһѪۡ
СģҶڰż
һ쳶ֱͻȻһŤͷȥֻ쳶촽ϣͷ˹ȥ
ж
ӰзӦ죬ſһһջһʶĵͷСϵ˿ڡ
ͼĿĦǳԾʱ䣬ʮһϰſѪڶʹһҧ˺
ӰкռŸԲѵ쳶ƽʱ˲ֹһ㣬ʮĦ̼ѰΧ˸ʵ
˶˽ģҪʱ˽ĸˮް㷺ĿӰкһľٶϰѻԲѵ쳶ĦżĦ˺ҧѪʳĵڵԾͳοİΧȦ
ಡ֧ʸ䵽ڿе뵽һŰзӰзӦҪ˼֣һʸվûôˣŽµļˣҲ˰ģʵʵһʹһŵһĦϣֻһͨڵϡ
պһȺĦǰųݵľҧס֫ק̼ͰѪܼ顣
ѳΧȦļӰоɫ˲öȾܣֻһͷܽ֡
ಡ֧龢ʸӰ˫ȺԣҵĴʹֻüƫͷܿԺһСȸһ֧ʸ䴩ŵѪζĿĦһӵϣתۼͰλ۸ڶʹһʬ飬ʳ˸ɾֻʣһȾѪס
λðʹûѡú͵ȫ˿ĦӣǲϵƣҶɺӮϷھвμӴֻսȫ˸ʬ޴³ҽϷûеģǰûУԺҲС
Ļǰĸ͵һѪϷɴ۾˭Ҳûгֳһļžмסһ֣ҶɣһѪɱ¾ϵȺŵ֡


522 
Ѫɱ¾ϷǰĻӮֻһȫĽ⣬Ҷֳǿս볬ȺӦгȻĶв˶˽µͷȺŷһκʻĶļ룬ֻ֤ļǮ߶ѡ
˹У˵ˣֻҪӮϷʤںΪöֻи׶񼫵ԴԴҪԸԳϷĿȨ
ҶѾص˴ڣһȾѪƺһ𽻸غʱľ٣ժֽϵĽ׼õɭ˹
ŷǹһĨǳǳЦݣתͷԵ˹Уʵϲ㣬ڵõһֱҪĶֳŵҶô
˹¶һ˿΢Ц˵ŵֲһķΧڸ㹻ĺô
ŷ򵭵һЦѹ˵ǮҶ֪᲻ῼǣмԷģӽҾٲϷѰĿҲֵС
˹ü˼˼룬ѹ˵Ȥһж֪ʲôǮ֪ҶɺǿǿҲֻǸҴĳ˵ҶɵĴҲ谭ϷУûϷҲζû˿ˣø߼۰ҶҲǼ¡
ŷ˵ǮȲҪֲ䡣
˹¶һĨڵϲɫ°һ˵û⣬ǮһҪǿǣһ𸴡
ŷ΢΢һЦ˵ҶѣῪһǳʵļǮ
һЦûٶ˵ʲôվУļǹһ˿ԲЦݡ
̸һ׮˿ĽףĻڹҶɻص̳ԡҺݺϴ˸裬õһûɾ
ص䣬СڵԣϷעվֱͬóžܿҶЩʲôദ˼Ǹɱ֣ȻЩɱ׼طϾǼʮڶ̶첻ʱֱӻҶرĦҧʹҵģŵûֱ£˺ü׿Ž侲
Ҷɼ˿ëͷкЩûˣͷͳѾ˼ÿϴ趼ҪëϺһ󣬺ܲ㣬ҪʱüʦЩС
Сϳҧ´˺һ˲ŵʵϷѾӮˣǰ˵Ļô
Ҷɺܿ뵽ָʲôһĵͷ˵Ȼȵ˹УҾ͸˵İųȥطһҲֵˡ
С˼һ˲䶼˸мۿᣬվһߵҶɸǰò͵˵ܽļһô
Ҷ΢΢һЦſ˫ۣ˵ɣ̫ˣԼ̲סδ䣬СѾ˽˻޵ϡﻩ粻С⼷ؿϲͣĥ䣬һѪյİСȻ˷ӦССҶɵıʮȽơ
˵˵ļŮ˵ĸ壬ҶɵĸвСʱͺˮģап࣬Сܿްǿˬˣջ·ˮ￩
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СΪЦ˵·Ұϴ
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˼룬ҶͻȻһֵĹֽУι·ˣҿʲôûʪ
СһִֵİĿͷԼɣʪˡ
ҶɵͷһۣȻССҶͷλôһˮգǸղŸСˣܿܳԵССҶһˮ
ֵĵڣű죬ҶɸϽҴ˼ܹȥţſվһķİ˾٣һ˵Ҷã˹Уȥ
Ҷָһգ˵Եȣһ˫ЬӡղŸ˾ֵ˲Ķһһ۵õֽ⴫ŵַһޣҲҪȿ˵


523 ħ
ҶɽŻЬĹҸελȻֽ̯һۣдһ̻ϲ㱻ĿʵʩӪȼƻǽɫߵϴԡ䣬ֽͰߣתִ߳ţװɵİ˾һ뿪
˾Ҷһ·ǰУԼʮӹ⾰һ칫ǰ칫ɭ˹㣬Ҫǽװİ˾ҲҪƵƵʾƬͨҶע⵽ʾĿƬȻͬһţʿǵ͵Ͽˡ
˾壬һ򿪣ҶɿһҲûУһǽǽ߰ڷһɳһ輸輸һڵĺڿȡ
ȥ
˾ٳ˵һ䣬ʾҶɽ뷿䣬߽̹ϡ
Ҷԭַʽ㽻̸Ҫϲô˴Ϸһ
˹Уӽǽ󴫳񾭹ĳЧӹӲޱȡ
Ҷߵɳ£¶һ˿еı飬ʵȻѾӮ˲֪ʲôʱ뿪ȻѾ֪˹Լ뿪ճҲӦһ䡣
˹ƺѾµ⣬Ĭ˼˵ҶмҲ㣬϶ǲ뿪ɭ˹ˣҿ԰㷿СϻػĵĿͻҲǴһ֮ĳŵ㻹ɣ
Ҷ֪ԼС̸֮Ѿ˹ľҲԤ֮Уһȫ򶥼ڿɭ˹ں޼ֵҲ޹ʹ
ֻеٳȥˣͷСɣиССϣܴӦ
Ҷҧҧ輸ϵĿȺһڣ⿧ȿúܣȵһˢˮζȲϷ
˹ʵ˵ɣʲô
Ҷɷ¿ȱԥ˵ϷɻһʲôĶϣҲõһܵ
˹˵ԲҪҲܴӦҿԱ֤ع֮ͨ绰
ҶѾϵĽƵķеĿȱվ̧ͷǽ˵ðɣǾͰ˵İ죬ûʲôҾȻȥˡ
ߣҽһҪҪϵԺĺ
˹Удһ˿٣ƺŮ˵ĴϢ
ҶüŶĽǽ˵ǵ̸֮ʲôЦʲôֱ˵ùĨǡǽʲô¶ҲܲµһЩ˹϶ڸĳŮʲô¶
˹ҲеԹٺЦ˵ỻ֣ڵļָԽʹɱȱڣԺ͸ߣֻҪһʱ䣬һʲôľٶҪһʱһ㱨Ϊ꣬Ҿͻ׼һŷĵĻƱһǮǸˣӦ֪ôѡ񡣡
Ҷ̧ͷŽǽ˵ȫԼֶʮСʱ϶֣ĵ̣һһӲ۾ıö𣿡
˹ٺٸЦ˵Щ⣬Ժͻֻ֪ҪӦıڣһκηٶ㱨ҾͿˣһᰲš
Ҷԥ˼룬һƵҡҡͷ˵ǸҲڣҲұ˰ɣ֪˹Ǹթɵļһ׾ʹӦԷĻɣһھܾ
ߴߴǽ󴫳һֵˮŮ˼ٵĴϢ˰Ӻõ˹һڴ˵ֻҪӦһһıϣ㲻ӦĻһڵģԿǽ
䣬ǽһ棬Сڵָûẓ̇ӦҶɺͬסļ֣Ҳ֪˹«ʲôƤҩ
أ
ͻȻƿĿĺ˳˽һ̿ЦСκηͱڹץס˸첲˿ЦŰڵϣһ˰Ѻצͷ޺ȣһжͽͣһڹѾǿгĳ㡭
ס֣ӴӦ㡣
Ҷ˫Ŀ࣬һȭݺݵڽǽϣһǿĵȭ洫ȫʹһ͵ߣ˫ϥһ˵ϡ
ס֣
Ҷǿסľʹ̧ͷǽϵĻ棬ֻӼ߽һǹİ˾٣ֶ̧׼ڹ˰
硪ǹ촫СԺڹüĸһƱСѪԽɢɽвͿ԰׵ϡ
Ӧ˾ͺã̸̸ɣ˹ͳ𣬺Եħૡ


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СʱҶųصĲߵſڣſվһ˾٣ǽװļΡ
Ҷɺݺݵһۣ򿪷˽ȥѪ۵Сϥڵϣɸţ˫۴͵ŵذ壬߾۽ĵطһС̯ԽԽ״һССıǣûӸղŵľѹ
Ҷ̾˿ΪСõϵѪָۣյ˲䣬СһѸȥϥǽǡ
Ҷ̧ȭͷһ±ӣŵһӽζǰһȭͨĽǽϣȭͷڻʹʹʲôСģоͷһʹӦ˵˹Ϊرϼ޻УӦС˿ͻػģЩǸϼ޻ļһֵΡ
һСʱȥСӵת߽ϴԡ䣬ʱ洫һ󻩻ˮҶɻһ½Ӳ߽֫ң밲οСȴֲ֪˵Щʲô
һҹȥת۵˵ڶ峿ű죬Ҷɴ˯оѣʶһԿտҲ̴¿㷴ץ𳤽˫ͨСڵԣָͣûẓ̇ڵæµһҹҲ֪æЩʲô
Ҷǰְϣ˵ʰһ¶ȥ

СָͣתͷҶɣŵı顣
Ҷһĵ˵ͷ˵ҴӦ˵ӦϷɻܰȫعҪӦһ¡
СƺѾлعòʵ㡭˵ʲôҶӦ
ҶĿһݣһһٵ˵ˡҡ˵̧ƿ첽ţ֪ԼʲôܸԼŮһϣ
򿪷ţվ˾ٺһʿǰһ˵ʰһ¶֡
ҶͻȻżΣɤӴǵðӵŮ˰ȫȥ˭ٶһͷӷĶǸ϶һɢ
ŭƾ׹ԶԶɢű죬ԶĽҲ÷һҶ˴Ϸѧһ湦պΪľҪõ˹϶ֵܰװɵİ˾ٺʿǵù㶼˸߻ͷǡ
Ҷתͷһ۵ԵС첽߳˼ִţѾˣԸɰŮܰȫػģԼ
λ˾һۣ¶һ˿Ц
ҶѾûǣͦظһȺʿ̤Žذ첽ǰУʱӽ𲻹˭Ҳͷ
һ·Լʮӹ⾰һǰͣΰһԿ׽ҶУ˵Ժķˣȥ
Ҷתͷһۣ˵һǰСеġ˵겻ΣԿ״򿪼˽ȥһعϡ
ӣСֹһ䣬תʿǴ˸ƣѸ뿪ǹĵط
¼ֺܴĸּ֣ʲһӦȫͷһʽףֻϳǴ̵꣬ƽʱеҲܰ׽ˣ
Ҷɰе֮ɳϣߵ¹ǰţڷżոµȻмװϴ㹻ˡ
¹Ҷߵˮ׼ˮȣȴĿˮԵıڹڷżͰҶһͰţϺõ̲裬Դָ˵Ҷ뱭УԼһȲ裬űߵɳ£ŽƷ衣
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һɤӺȥȻֹҶɲķ²豭ߵſڣִ˷ţſվ΢ЦͷһǱϿͷһŷ
ҶɼȲҲӭͣתߵɳ£ԹԶ豭ȣλȻ˾ȿǻҲ̫ݶ
Ͽüͷһõ˵ʮڵģʲô̬ȣ
Ҷ˿ڲ裬ķʵǻҲûëǮϵһGڴô
Ͽһͣȴ֪ôҶ˵ĶǴʵٶǮҲǽ˵˹ڴϵҲûС
ŷ˫΢У΢Ц˵ܺãҷǳϲֱˬ˴򽻵رҶǿߡ


525 Ҫζ
Ҷɲ䲻ȵ̬Ҳ΢ЦʩʩȻߵɳ£˫΢еĲ豭ƺԱеȲŨȤ
ҶҲȥԹԵͷȲ裬ǹףղڿ﷢ͷûǰûҪ׽
˰Ȳ裬˵ҺϿǰϲȲ裬ϲȵһݲ裬Ͽ˵ҶҪÿˮϴҵõһݵĲζݶ༸βζ͵ˣ׿ˮû𡣡
ҶɰѲ豭յһСڣҡҡͷ˵ҺȲûʲôвҶһܱȺˮζ
򵭵˵ϷÿֻһΣѾ˹õ˵һϷȨҲץ˵ҲʧȥãΪ̫ǿμôϷҲûȤζ˼ιˮĲҶɵԸ𣿡
Ҷɺ˿ڲ裬ͻȻ̧ͷûлشȲ⣬Ϊ۽ĵطǴ𰸣һˮĲҶ϶ɵȶˮˮĲ裬ǰǺȶˮġ
˫΢Уͷ˵Ǯ˵Ǹ֣˵ǿԱĻҰġ
ҶɷеĲ豭̲˵㰲ûãĶô뿪ļҲܰģһиʲôǰϹһʳƱ
ûʲôվһԵϿ⻰;ô̶ˣ˵Ҷɣ㲻Ҫһù˵ûû£ǮйֻѾЩǻ쵽һˣڵĴЩͷһҲܲġ
ҶϿ࣬˵ٺҲΣ˳Թ˿࣬ϵ帣㶼ǻ񵽲Ӹˣôǳ
Ͽ౻һ仰࣬촽⶯ȴʲô˵ƾĶҶ˵ûЩôԽϸ𣬶Σܶ˽˺ζһΡ
ǳǳһЦ˵ѵῴ͸ʵҵıڲöʮСʱ㣬ҪʱŻ֪ͨȻҺϿл뿪ļҪһ뿪ĻҲ̫ѣ㡣
Ҷ˫һʵ˵취뿪¶ϲڴı飬ܲžͲ˵ˡ
һ˵취ܼ򵥣Ǿ㹻Ǯȥ˹Ǹ̰ļһܾκλýǮĻᡣ
Ҷԥ˼룬˵ͷ˵ҿԴӦıڣֻҪһžͻᾡȫİȫܸһޣҲֹĵȥ
¶һĨЦݣ˵ڲܻش㣬ʵж֤ԼǸְıڣ˵ôҲöˣһȥͰɣ
Ҷץ𳤽վ˵߰ɣҲˡ
Ͽǰ򿪼ţҶɿڼſվİӣһ˳˹ȥ
ŷ֮ҶҲԼƣԴԼ뿪ɭ˹Ϣųȥ֮ûͣһ죬ÿ춼ȵĸӢ뾡취ϵӪȻ˹У׼ľӢǾɱֻм˻ȥ޿ײľӢҲϵؾ˲С鷳ϵѾǳϾɭϵĺһ©
ϵӪĸӢʧأвյͬܳɹ˾취ɱñõôŷ֪˹УǰҲӵͬһɭ˹ƵһʱɱϣҲûϵὥ޷ƵķչҶɵҪþΪ˹ؼʱλǿ߱İ١
ҶҲ²͸еĵѰ˼ʮԼڲǮյûţͷ϶ԼС̣ҪľǱ򣬵ȳֵŹ
˷иĺôûаװκμ豸ãʮĲȣƿ߶Ȱ׾ƣϿ˵ڻģ֮õĵڼֻҪϼƣѶܳΪѡ
İҲıڣֻشŵķݶûʸһò͡ϿƿŵĿձеƣյһͱҶץȥһںȸɣѸٰѱӷŵձ档
ʦѾֵĺȫҪζ
΢ЦŸҶɽһʳһҪζ


526 
ҶǰҲԹۣƼΪΪƤѪҺжأвͻʳжжĲ־һѵõζΪƷζɥӲ٣ʳһ˵ôҲû뵽ҲƺЩڴ
ţ˽Ƕ˽ȥͿˡ
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Ҷͣ˽ŲһסǰĽ˵ûа취Ƿųȥ
ԥһ£ҡҡͷû취ЩŶõ豸ƣںе豸ȫʧ飬޷򿪡
Ҷɿһ۲ϵĵ̧еǹڿ°ͣһ׹˲ſڵų˳
죬ȥǹвţֻдҾ۵һлĻᡭ
ҶɳŻӶеļǹԳŵǴ˼첽ߵһǰǹֶԲڵɤӣٶȽмִţŸһ𳯰ʮ˺żڵķȥ
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532 
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˭֪ؽɭ˹ζһʧȥɣһΪϵ⣬ֻҪһ߻ɵĻܶƴȥȡ
ʮ˺żλŮ쾮·һ֣ŮڵȻʮֹĶмֲһأͷײŵĴڣŮŰڼ֣˼˹˵Կ޺Ŵȡ
ûֱͣߵʮ˺żǰҶ׼Ͷǹòһ죬Ŵһխ죬Žһԡ
Ŵ򿪣߳ǹʿת䱸ϸһƵ彫δ֮ʣһӰţվſڵĽ͵̾˿ǹСĽ䱸еͽȥ
ҶɳţһŨȳζȻһ٣ǰһԼʮ׵ȣԱָԵС䣬ÿ䶼һźƤţ컨ǶŻ谵ٺƣŴ͵͵ĳ
飡Ҷ̧߿һţ˫ͫȻһһʮƽ׵խС䣬һܴǽ߰ڷһļӣҰڷŸֹߣǯӡ˿־⡢ܴһͷɢŮˣŮ˻ƬƣϲѪģ˿ڣ˫űôڴϣС鴤˼¼ѵתͷһֻնĶſڵˣһֻѳ˸ϺɫͿԭӿȥɲ
Ҷվſڣ˫۴ܴϱŮˣԺһƬհףɱ˲٣ûֲ״ǰŮﱻؽѾܵ˳ͷӦַ˵ĥԺл𽪷˵Ļʮ˺żصרٺϵĿֵŮ
֣÷˵ֱ֣޲磡ҶԺͻȻһתһݳţһ߿淿š
ŵ˲䣬ߴһϺȣվסҿǹˡ
Ҷɽһ٣վһմѪİͷһ֧ǹ׼ſڣɫܴһ˫۴Ůˣȷе˵ӦһŮʬŮ˶ѾʿѪ̯ܵڴ£ֲǴͷһ̣ڷŵĲʲôʳһӤһճεӤ
ʸȡӤ޲磡Ҷؿڷ·ѹһǧʯѹһŭޱȵѹȼա
ͷһ˫͵ӴҶɣѪ۵¶һ˿ı飬˼ͻȻ˵Թ԰ǹڵϣһһǹԴ
δ䣬ҶɽһƵͷͷһ㵣̿۶ͻȻָʹһ룬Ÿоǹֱ۴һʹʶֱ̧һƱжϣѪӿȪ˳
ͷȻһҺðѪ󳯺ȥ˫Ŷֳˣв˵ɱңĦһܶܶǮ
ಡһĦϳһߣһ룬߼չѪӺĻڴͷ˫һܴϣʬһ
Ҷһת첽뿪䣬ӿһֲԤУ˦˦ͷĸоƺ˼֣أһűߵǰֵһĻüѡ
һİܴ׸һݵĺŮˣһ˫˫۴ű컨壬ҧ˫ƾϵķ
ŷľ쾪ܴϵˣתͷҶɣܿǱѪĳϵķҳ鶯뷭´ҶǰһԾչһӺܣְ̧νжŮ˽ϵתѸ뿪
һŽһű߿ҶɸоԼ·վڰǵ̷ǰÿ߿һžܿһҵŮˣˡˡˡѪŮڰ㱻ڷУеܷ˵ĥĥǵкڵľ٣ҲдϵĹܷͣ˭ҲʲôݣҶײ³ֻһ
ӺҶȾѪվһǰԥ룬Ȼ̧˹ȥ


533 ָ
磡ű߷ɣҶ̽뷿䣬ճ嵽һȻһ٣˫ŶǽڣۿнˮӯСںϦŮ˴ʱ˿̾ͶĽǽϡ
СѪ˫̶ֱǽϣɢĳס߲԰׵գӺ֫һŽ̶岻ᵹ£һ̤壬Ѫϴ£γ˼ĿѪۣѪȾ죬ǰðƤ̻һͼȷе˵һûɵĻҮͼ
ƤһĻ滭ָ÷СƤϵ̻滭Ƥһϸ°룬ε񼼷εڽʯϵ̣ƤڶƤϵ̣ƤȥƤϣΪŶﲻסз֮ʹĺȻڻʹðƤֱ̣ɥĲ
ǽ߷һӣڷŻʡϻһװм֧עӺһƿھע
˶ʱڸоʹ࣬ʹ಻ڰƤǣڻʹðƤǶĵ˫شݲУ
ҶߵǽԣСఴ˰ܸоҩδѣҲʹ˹ȥ̻ӽжϽ˷¸ϣڴʱŮʮָָ׾ȥСŮ˼е׾˵ʹࡣ
С߳ʮ˺ż֣һĽӭԲѵСʱ̲סһľε˵ԲûֹЩںп̫£ûֹҲûֹǿͷĺ˰װ޲
Ҷ̧ͷһۣʵң˭ϰƤ
ƤɫȻ䣬Сдξ㵣˰βҡҡͷ˵治˹У˵һ䣬һû
˹Ҷͨŭ棬һһٵ˵һҪ
һҡҡͷ˵ڲУҪȥǶʱ䲻ˡ
Ҷؽҧתͷһ۱ϵŮˣбĳһ֣ߣ
̶ǹҶɳǰȥָ֪һֱͨȥͣڼһƬңǶõѡ
˿첽ǰУŮֶĻֱָͨһ·ϲɢߵûзͻԭм۵˵ǹͣǿҶеѪĳѡͷƵмвٷ˶λɱû˭ԸԼСЦ
աͨǰܼǹ˽Ȼһ٣˵չָ϶ԤӰء
ԤжˣҶһ̧ͷǰȥһȺӶǹ̯żʬ壬ȺҲָȴ⵽͵ֿ
ԥ˼룬˵֧Ԥܹϰˣÿ֧ԤӶʮˣӦм֧ȥطǹͦʣһ֧ԤӣԤԱǾоӢֻһ֧ƾЩҲ岻ȥ
Ҷҧҧ˵ǹȥͬȥϴ𣿡
ִժŸ߱׵˹ȥ˵ǴӸղʿ˳ġ
Ҷɽӹ˵æˣȳȥٰҡ˵𳤽Сת˽ϣͶǹ󲽳ǰȥ
ָҲҶɣȻֹͣ˼˵ĿⶼϵļǹϣΪֹּǹǲŪѣԶǹǿ˲ֹһ㣬Ѽǹͨļʽɱ
ߵǰһ־Զǹĺ˴Цˣ־ǹһֻĴ˳Ҷɣ׵ʹҶɡ
ҶҲûȥգ˵ûҲֹʹɱҵȫˣҪȥ
˴¶һĨ˷ܵЦݣ˵ǿߣͨܵͣܰǳȥõĳġһֵԣѾںй˺ЩͷÿϷرעҶȥʱ˷ڴҵĿضһ뾡뿪Ĺط
Ҷޱĵ˵ͷ˻׳˵ױըϳͨǹһȥ
˴̵ͷӦҶѾüٶȰ׳ͨǰ˦ȥ˦׵˲䣬һԾ˫ֽ컨壬ƽ컨ϡ
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ҶʮָƼ⵶벢ʵĽ컨壬ǹڸסн죬ͣǰУܿʿװʿǸѪĴѹס͵Ľǹֱϡ
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ɱ¾ûҪҶʳָ۽ոʿǵ̶룬ͨǿʿǳһð̵ʬ飬Ҷûаԥǹָţֻһ죬ᴩ˳ǰһ߿š
ָվһֳֶǹľ٣Ŵ̿۶ҶзһԵֳǹѾľپǵ˹ۺ죬Ҫײ޳ܵϼһΪС
˹ҶĵҲһڿ۶ͬʱİɫֱ͡ĹƫֱӴ˲佫ճ˰ʹֽһܵ˳ǹأһɱҶֳּǹָ߽ţǹڶǽڷ
˹һĨɣǿ̾ʹͷָ̨ʣֱֻҪƶֱͻ˲ҷһֱԥѾ˲òʱ򡭡
žƴһӲ˹þȫǰƣܿ췢ָƺԣ̧ͷһĮвķת˲˾

Ҷ̧ڵ˹ǰϻߵõɳȥ󱳺ݺײǽϷһ죬ʱѾѪˡ
ȿȣǸϧ֮ǰûҮͼҳǸ⻹ǸܳңϲŮϸƤٰƤ֪ҵһƷ˭ƤҿԸ㣬ǺڿС㣬ԶҲҵ
˹ǽ壬ŶҶɻγĲƷ֮ŽȴҪ˵ѪЦˣЦø
Ҷֳֳߵ˹ǰ˵ģѾҵˣ׼ϵʹʮֻ
䣬һ׹ӹ˹ۣƥ֮ϢնۣѪ˿вӿǿҵľʹЩʹιȥ
ھɱҡ˹˫۶֮λȨʱϵ⣬ֻһ£ʹࡣ
Ҷɲõ˹̫죬еĶҪϻʳڰʮ˺żַģһҪϼһΪС
˻˻˻Ȼֵĺ俪ʮߣ˹Ȼһһʹӵʹÿһ缡ⶼڲſںʹһоͷĴڣֻܷذС
ȺҲָǰұǿо㶼ŵһŨصѪζ˲ָ߽֮ţǰѪȵһĻ˽ԭأ̲סŻ
Сƺŵ˴̱ǵĹζһ˫ۣ˲䶨һŶħʱѾŤΣҧǿסϴľʹƶ¶һĨŨŨľɫ
˹ͷⲱѪһƬȫһѪˣϵƤⱻ޵ٵطѾ¶ɭɭ׹ǣվһֳֳˣתɵ죬ɢһѶѺСƬ
Ҷɣ
СѵĽгһ֣оСʹ岻СŤ
Ҷһתְѽп첽ߵǰ¶һ˿Ӳ΢Ц˵ˣʹ뿪ط̡
СֳŽ󱳣ò˵ҡ̡
ҡҡͷ˵еģ״̬޷ʹʱסѨ˯ȥͲʹˡ
Ҷüͷ˵ְɣ
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535 
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ҶֱһԽҰͳԿ׷ӳʻȥ뿪󲻾ãͣһܼǹΪˮ½óչ˼ս
ǶڣԶԶֱͣڽǶ룬һȺսԱֶͶǹڳ߾䣬˹£
Ҷ³СֱԣһŮˣ˵Ϸɻȡһعĺࡣ
ҶɱС˻գκͼսԱҲѸϻֱգתͷŲڵĺҰнһСڵֱʧ
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ըˣһ𳹵׳뺣ף˭ԻװóһţҲĳһʱҲĳʱʿײҲڽĵ˹عⷵգһжźĳ׻ʧһʧĻеͺǱǱͧޱߵĴ󺣽ڸһࡣ
ʱȥʮСʱ׶ʻǰһ֧رĳӣʮɣͣһȺǹʵʿ³ڳԣʱһȺ糾͵ÿͿ첽˳ϳȥ
Ⱥ˾Բعսӣ˴ӪսԱˣһˣˣȻϻһԱһŮˣһˣǴ˴ӪĹ
ҶִҪСػƣΪõҽҪŬŮ˻ָ
ܻǰͼλ߲ԱվǰӭӿսԱǣûʻʴûнȲʣֻм֪һ֧ڣǵĹѫʷᣬǵ֮Ӣۡ
һ˻Ӵ˽һȣ񣡡ͬһ˲˾ƣһ˶Ӣеľ⡣
ӳ粽ߵǰ̧ƾ񣬼˵
ԯܱ֮Բ񡣡
Բ񡣡
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ӳӦһŶԱǴ󲽳ǰȥҶɺͽ̧ŵڶ󣬵·ʱȴһִֻ˼ͷ
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ҶĬĬ˵ͷɫһɳأСһֱڻ״̬ĵ˹ðƤ̵ͬʱͿ˴ʴԵϣΪûʱƣֹۡ
˵ȥҽƲɣźָܻܿ
Ҷûж˵ʲôͷ̧ŵܳҽƲȥ
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Ҷڲ鵶ƻֻһͰѹƤȫȦƻһͻ䡣
ɣԸƻ
СӹƻҧһСڣһ˫ҶɨɨȥڴİˣƤһ󷢾¡
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Сҡҡͷ˵㵽ʲôˣѾ˺ܾãڹ˳ҲһθҶ̸
ҶƤĳգգ۾΢Ц˵ҵȻǺˡ
Сü΢ʵǻع𣿡
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ˣ׶ƻؼҡ˵ͷĪһ¶þûؼˣСϻرļҡ
Сۿ΢죬ûٶʲôڴڵĿƻˣڻؼ֮ǰԵƻ
һƻˣҶɰһºŮʽ˫ڴͷʶȤ߳˲ѾͣҽƲſڡ
ӹȥС·߳ţҶҽƲſϳһ·ʻء
һ·Сĺͯų·ϤĽʹźµʱ̲סޣںо̫࿲ĥʱ޿̲ŻصǸůļңֻ֪һؼȻоС
Ҷɷ˳٣ִӳͷֽﳶ˼ֽݸСʵ
ˮͬʮšֲȥˡ


536 й
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·Ϲ˸S̻ͣԣҶƫͷС˼ŵʵΪʲôؼң
СһЦ˵˵ĲؼǲظĸңҿȥӹңҵڶңˮͬԶˮͬҺͻһĺԺƽʱסһҲ֪ûаߡ
ˮͬˮ֮ͬһ·ͬϸһˮһˮдˮһˮеˮ̿ͬ˶ЦȴǴȻ漣ССչ֣˼ͬ಻һȴ֮
ˮͬķ۱ˮͬ˽ʮ˵ŵģǰļ۸൱ں׺סլһǴȫ׺װ֡Ҷɲ֪Щ￴СڣҪؼҡ
Сʱ󣬳ͣˮͬһĺԺǰС³ߵԺţѾ򿪣һȺŮŴԺ˳
ϴˡһڿ۾Բֶնһ嵽Сǰչ۾ҪһܱվһԵҶʱϵıٿȻһ䣬չ˫۽§ԼϣٺЦ֡ôҲˣ
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ֽ򣿡ҶüͷŪԼʲôʱôºţ
ֽۣôӳġ
һ糤ݸ߸˳嵽Ҷɸǰѻ˵СѾһסͣԹҽСĽ㡣
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һŮ󴫳ҶɿһŮȴһ˪°׿㣬һͷĳҲȾɫҲͿһİ״࣬ҹƮȥױ˵ɹ»Ұ
ҶɼһŮһѹ˵լǲģλӺڿ;ʻӡ
СסҶɸ첲߽Ժţ˵ӭ֮ңҸһ½ŶӵĳԱ
ܣԼ¶ףҽнҶҶ֣ȫڿаʮ
ԲֶնظԱţԼΪĺڿҲһ˳ģҲͶʮɵ꣬ȴѾȫ򶥼ڿС
ݸ߸ԺţһмƲƲ˵Ѿʮǰ׼ģǰʮһת˺ôҲֲ
һͷƨһûתҲܰŪȥ
ݸ߸Ҳø죬ߵҶɸǰȻ˵ҽȫڿа
ȫڿаǺڿȦȨİ񵥣ȫڿͲ֪ںڿаռһϯ֮λĽרҵʵдĳۣǿ׻ø˾ĸнƸ룬ǿƽκγ߻ܣٹҰȫŶкڿʹڣǰԼ߻ħ飬ָⵯħʸܹκαݡ
Ҷɲ֪ȫڿаʲôòָգ΢ЦʵԺʲôҪǱ˾Ū
һͣЦ˵û⣬ҳ˿԰˺Ū⻹԰ѵŪ֡
Ҷɹ˵ãֻҪеַҾͱȥֻ֣Ժٲȱ¡
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һ˵ǰŮĽܾô򵥡
Ҷ΢ЦָָԴ˵֡סˣҽҶɣҶɵҶҶɵķɣ绰롭
ܣڴֻˣͳһۣȻŴ̽ͨ
ͲдŴͳҶӣС
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Ŵ˵һ£ÿͻкɳ̲вĴ˽оҪıֵţþ
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Ŵ˵ûЩĪĳǰ˽ɳֽ̲ɳ̲һͱײƣѾСȥĪסţ˵
˵ˣڶƱܻ
ҶɰֻڴתԺȥ


537 ޾
Ҷԭ͸Ŷûйͬԣ˹תߣ׶Ѿ꣬Ҳûؼˡ
ػʰü򵥵δ˸к̸ϸ㣬ƼҶɵ⳵ֱ
˺ű˱˾֪ĵطΪǰ˽ɳ̲ϳһ£ÿͻиֺɳ̲СϺз󵽾㡭Щ·ĳȺӵĳɳ̲вٺѧרо⣬Ҳǲ෹̸ʡ
ʲôԭºɳ̲רѧǽʾ֭о˺üҲûнҪﵽƬ˽ɳ̲ףԽϰҳɳ̲ĽֻһΪʲôѡƬɳ̲Ѱû˭Ľ͡
һ飬Ϊ˷оð˺űĳǲձҪⶰм۾Ѿ˰λסľֻһȽŲСúͱķڱھס
˴оͱĻӸЭˣʵýϵ͵ļ۸չⶰþּϣڵıķͻȻ쭣һͨȭѼϲļһèһŲ춪˱š
мĵļһþץķ˶Էʩѹû뵽ᣬֻһ仰˽լáڶһʿԱƲȫΪ˰˺űΧٽв˵ļһҹʿĸѱ棬¿װŶ˽Щ
ͷĽѵǰЩռ˵ļһﳹˣ˺ű˲Ǯ񱳾ǲ
еȻϳɳ̲ԭ꣬ҲŮ˼ţˣټıֻ˱ķһڹʿȻڱԣҲЭѧǰѳɳ̲ĺͻˮУҲϰԭվǸͷʹޱȵ⡣
ĵ㣬һ⳵ͣ˰˺űǰӳһĽ˶ˣһӭ˹ȥЦ˵Ҷʦ壬ˡ
Ҷָգ΢Ц˵⼸ˣѾ˵ˣûвʲôԭЩͺѶſڳأ
ֿЦҡҡͷ˵ʱûв鵽ԭ˵˵ɳ̲ʲôЩＯɱ˵Ǳˮ⣬߰ģСνЩ֮ĴһɶصĶĳǷҲ𲻵á
ʵڼǰе쵼Ϊ˱ЩѾ뿪ɳ̲ʮĺôҹɶصľͳ˲ѷ˺һӣѧþַϲϳɳ̲ĺʲô뷨ζ뷨ˮ뷨ѧ뷨
취þ𲻵ãЩȻϳƬɳ̲տʼвˮͰװʣҺһƬ˾Ͳزſס;޴ĺһɳ̲ҪͻغҪķѴҲǸ취
ҶüͷʵˣڼʱҲֹ£ûжҹȥơ
δ䣬ɳ̲ϴһź쿴ʲô
ѭȥֻһʿָźԶĺźӰٳɳ̲źӰȻĳִͺζ޴˻ǰԶӰȥϵı齥
㣬ͷ
Ҷ˵ԶҡְеԶһУ첽ɳ̲д
뿪ɳ̲Ҫ졭
ͷȫٳɲģǼʮصɳ̲һϻ˻ѹɳ̲ϻͷ׵ѧͷٿڣȻ֪Σս١
ХֵĴɤƺûѧǵע⣬۹ͷǰʮףȻһļܣںԾ޴Ծˮʮףɳ̲ǳ롣
ҶüͷһšԶͱɳ̲ԾȥѾѧҸǰɷ˵չһס֫ȥ
ͷ޴ͷѾ嵽ɳ̲ĺֻúˮһ죬ͷǰٶȶһ٣ײˮ·ͷȻûͣ٣ӿٶɳ̲Ǵ׵˲䣬ͻȻԾչȳǰɳ̲


538 ֧
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޾ɳ̲ԶǱˮŤͣǺеİˮʱھͻǵںˮ¿棬ǳ̲ͻʧȥ֧ţܿ챻Լػѹ˵޾ǳĲ޵
ľ޾سʮ֣ʿͺѧҲֻܸɵۣΪǸû취ްͻغֻȥ
Ҷߵľ޾ǰѣ޾СɽƵģʪıƤ֣ƾٴҲ޷ֻҡҡͷ˵һԣϧˣֻܿž޾ȥпĵڣԺͻȻȻһ죬һʹȦ˸ȦվһֻԳ˫۽˸ڰɭɭֻڹȦм֣ץʱʱġ
ȦеĽԳQ£Ȧ̱䵭ɢȥҲӰ
ˮ֧뺣ΥĲʾ𣬷·ڶϻصֺԺƣҶɾȻ鲻Խĸ
ˮ֧뺣ʲô˼ѵһжһ֧ļһڱ󵷹ôΪëͺʶſҶ૵ﰵĦ˼黹汻ĥ˼˼˵ѾԺеʾ֮ĳĬֻҪʾܺܿĥ˼
Ҷʦôʶ
˵֣վҶѾһʱˣλСʦֻ˶Ŵ߶ûд˼Сʦ³һϤ̲סſһ䡣
Ҷתͷʵ˭
λСʦʶͷһСʦѾʵֲܲԥ˼˵ƼűֲܾĶӣϸתѧ˱һУ˵㻹ͬѧ
ƼţҶŬһ£ǰû֣һ֣ƺһ˿Ϊ֮ɫ
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ͷһæ˵ƼǹڰǿĴ˾ֹ˾ʱ̣ܶתһвþһִ顣
Ҷ˫΢Уʵôһ˾Աܲȥ۸һѧɣ
ҡͷЦңʦ壬ѧþͿʼ׷С㣬С㷳˾Ͱ¸ʦ壬Ҳ֪ʦƢѧУСӺݺݽѵһ٣һ˰ˡ
Ҷüͷһš˵۸СôȻҪͷѵұͻСȱȱš
ֿЦ˵ʦҲӲǴСһ첲һҲûģоֲֳҪʦ壬Һżʡλе⣬һҽҩѲŰĨƽ
ҶͷԾƾŴڱı㱻˴ĺ̨򵥰ǲ֪ʾ֧ǲͬһˣʵҪȷҲѣֻҪǸĽӴһһжס
׼ô
һתҶѾѻתƵ˾ϣ޾ʱѾֹͣѾûˣҪʬɲǼ׵顣
ֵ˵ʬҪиˣϻسһҲģҵƽʱ£ɽʰʬģϴεľǷָֻᣬһǮʿǸ
ҶЦ˵㣬ҪָĸᣬҲŪ㺣ʳ
̾˿˵ϧ㣬ҲǳϰԭԺֻ»иຣҪ
Ҷǰ㣬˵ǿϧˣһҳԭ޷ܣҪ˻һˡ
ָоǰλСʦ˲٣Ͷ䶼Ȼ¶һѪɱƣڼֱϸܹЩִйģմλǵƱǰСʦ˲ֹһǰ
˵ҵźܿǳֳĻһߣǳϢҲܿ챻ɢȥҵŵھ⡢һߣʬзָһʱɳ̲ѪɺӣŨҵζڿ˵䲻ŵģСŵһɴ̱ǵѪζ
ҶûȥԼſڽʾ¶һλҵ쵼ǰ֤ǹλ쵼ɫףʾһֳøɸɾΪ˱ʾǸڼ뿪󲻾üϴкõƷͽ˱
Ҷùɩϴװ˼ϳҪ⼸ӺˣҪ͡ѦҪ͡ĪүȻˣҪ취һ֧ĵϸ컹кһæ


539 Ѱ
ҶɵһʱĪұܾûСˣ˼ˮ̰ӿͷ޲̳ĪұСӵ뻳Укܶܶ໰Ҫ˵
ʵҶɰѳͣĪұդǰܵſȴû壬ԥˣСõ׸˵ЩʲôأܸܲԼȥ˹ɱ˼ʮٰѸ˻ɣеĶ治ֱ˵
ꡪ
źդͻȻͬʱ򿪣ܳһλµŮݣӯٻ˭첽ţһ˵ҶɻУ˫۽ס粱ӡ
磬㣬˵ΪǶҵģûˣ硭ˣˡ
ٻһߵһָŴգˣɹ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ׳ˣһӲ⣬Ҳ֪ЩȥôˣվԼǰѾˡ
Ҷֱͦ˼иһζ˱ǵᣬСһԼӣѻ˵˲˵ˣӦûڼܳһʱ䡣
ٻ̧ͷŴ磬ͨı־һᣬ˵磬ٻڲؼҡʱɳ̲ĺԽԽ࣬ǹŵζӰ˵飬ʵؼңֲһؼҡ
ҶɵһЦ˵Ѿ֪ˣĪҴţ籣֤ۼŪøɸɾģʱȥ
ٻΪЦһָڴʵؿϻŴСȦȦ˵ٻ֪б£ٻ·ˡ
ȿȣڴſվʲôɣ
һ϶Ϥӱſڴֹͣ˵΢Цȥ
²ĪүӾȻ˶賶Ҷһġ
˵ùãʱ䳤˾͸оڣת۴ͷȥҶͷ뿪ͷʱڴֻ
ҶүͶȥһǸֻ
Ҷ٣ɭ
ɭЩҶͷһݣʵ˵ôˣ
˳˻ҽԺȡ
Ҷĵһʵ绹ͨ绰ô˵ļҽԺ
ĳӵ˺ҿƴλ˰ߣʰҽԺ¥ſڡ
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䣬Ҷ̹ϵ绰⣬ųƳŴ˳ϢغĿڣʲô˲ˣԺֻһͷȥҽԺ
𼱻ǸϵʰҽԺſڣҶɿ˺ܶˣŴĸСãѦɡţɭмвֵģϷĴ۵ĺţڽ
Ҷǰ˴˸кְɭһԣʵĳô˵ô
ɭһص˵ԭҪȴӱϰȷȫദۣѪҴӴһֻЬһ
ʲôøơҶɼ͵ץɭְǰϽ˼֡
ɭӿڴͳһƴԲҶ˵ⶫڴЬϵģѾоϹӦ̣ǱΧûֹô㡣
ڴĴŷеıΪԭ֪ͣӵмߵǻۣ֪ĴὬϺʹܸĨ㾨ֹ֣Ĩ㾨ֲֹֻͬʱҲĨ㾨ϲʳ
Ҷ̳ĬԺлת˵Ǿ֮ĶϮ˴磬ôºܸܿɳ̲ͺйأΪСóͷ̧ҲûܰôѪˣļпǸߡ
˴𰸣ͷŭܣҶɺ޲ھȥǸľݺһ٣̧ͷһϷĿĺְͷǿѹڻ˵ʱһжҪȴҳ˵
ɭҶɫأѹ˵ľ㲻Ե޹ܵҾ¸ǳһϵʶҹ㣬᲻ڿЩĶ֣
Ҷ¶һ˿죬˵֮治УҪǵȴҳȷû
ɭ̾˿˵ӹӲʣһƤû£Ѫ鷳
Ҷ뿪ڣȻϷĺˣſڵ˶ʱ
Ŵ򿪣߳һֵҽֽ¿֣һŶǰѯʣŽڣСôˣ
Žһص˵ѪѾֹסˣֻҪḴȻȹΣھûˡ


540 ӳ
ŴڵܳϱʿƳңҶ̸һΧȥŽüͷֵˣһ˵λҿ⣬ûΣڣҪϢܿȻȥϢ𣿡
ŶҲǰȰλСúϢȹΣһ֪ͨҡ
ȻѾѻ˵ϣҲûҪŴϢʱ뿪õѡ
ܳػҶߵŶǰ˵Ųڲ㴴硣
Ŷԥ룬̾˿˵Ҳá
ûϵŴͻȻҲ˼£ڱӿѪƵܵĻʿ
ˣ˴Ѫ
Žڡ
Žڿ첽ߵԣɫٿȻ䣬˵죬Ѳͻң
ʿתŵܳȥҶһ嵽ǰƽŴѨϣһھ͹ӿѨ룬ڹ˲ö룬ڹס˵
Žɫһ࣬ʵʲô쳷֡
ҶĿһݣ˵ڹסȷûȻ᳷֡
Žһ㵣üͷ˵ʲôڹС˵˰ɣ
ҶҲöͣһǽڣǽڷһ죬ǽϵİ״שķѣˮǽϳһޱȵӡ
ҸӦѪĲλƢ࣬ƢѣѾȲˣȰֹѪȻٰѪų⡭
ǰҶɸû˹ˣڲͬˣλѧϰұĴ֪ʶ˹Žҽѧ֪ʶƪ˹˷ţʱΣֻðȫʩȡ
ŶŽ¶һĨŵı飬Ҷҽѧ֪ʶϵıһٱ䣬ҧһͷ˵˵û˴Ѫֻᵼ¸صĺҶɢԡ
Ҷư˴ƢϷۻ೤ھһסƢѪĲλٴзֳһھС£Ѫϳ壬Ϊ粩ȡһ
꣬վһԵ˿ҶͷðڰǰʼͷߴԽԽŨ뵲ɢ
СʱȥҶɶͷðһϸܵĺ飬ĺ˳ղͣ£ѾھֹסƢ˿ڼѪҪǰѴѪȥ˵ףȴô򵥣Ҫʮ־ȫԸ
ۡŴͻȻڴѪ³ѪвٰɫСţѪ꾹˫ۣ촽΢΢⶯ƺлҪ˵
Ҷɳ˵Ҫ˵۾úϢ
Ŵ˫ۣ˾վһԵĶŽ˫۽Ҷƣ߶棬ֱ̫ˡ
Ҷɳһڴ̧˫ƣĨһϵĺԵĶŽڵ˵ˣ˿ڷסѪҲ˳ȥһ£ͼա
Žڵ˵ͷĻʿ˵죬Ͳȥ顣
ʿγѰع𵣼ܳǰȥŽڿ첽ϣһʶڹ˵Ч
ŶǰذҶɼͷ˵Сֵĸлл˵ЩеļѵԸӵĵزƽʱٹӣԶעĸ٣ֻҪܺԸ⸶һС
Ҷһ˵Ŵһȼһڹһ¶ľָ
Ŷ򣬵Ц˵ǾˣȥػȼƺҶʮԴȾŷҵپ࣬򻺲ػȥ
ƼŷֲפеʱѾһ࣬ʯϼ¥ǼŲҵǴȻֺüŶ³ʹʧӣŷֲڱһͣ״ֱ̬ǰ˾ίɸҵ񣬲ӴͶȣӪóף漰ҵ
֪Ƽŷֲ˵סλĸƫסںűʱͶ̨Ʒ̸ġ
С㻻Ѿ˰ˣ쿪ʼȥһϿΣһɵ˿ıڣƢҲҪʵһЩ
ӵһ裬е䣬һݰˣΨһĶ磬ʮŵôӣС飬»Ѷʮ꣬עȫѪ
豭һڣҡͷ˵Ҳ뻻࣬ǰ鶼ȥˣҲϡƵᣬ΢е˫һĨ˲š


541 ֹ֮
ı仯ûӹĿ⣬׻˵֪Īӵĸԣǿǳ𣬴Ӳ䣬ڱ˸ͷһܣ׵ֺγһէ˿Ҳֻһʱ֮δػᶮеĶֻ̡
Сżڱٹ̣ԭΪʡǵϵ벻ǻйϵ֪ﲻܣڹϷ¶Ҫһʱ֮ΪһϽѾͷֵãżҴӦһѾò
˫۷ңԶĺ棬˵ģƯŮ˺ܶ࣬ѾǸϽѾͷûȤˡ
¶һ˿οЦݣ˵׾ͺãһżҵа취Ըģ¸㣬ֲܵĿأһչϼţֻҪʱͻչϼŵȫչʱҲˡ
һ˿Ц˵ԵĲϼţǸŴļһｫܱҶʮٱʹ࣬а취æ
üͷ˵ܵίȻֻҪǰѧϰƾĳɼҪһصѧѡ
ΪȻ˵ʵϴѧ˵岻ֻ˷ʱѡ
סڣ¶һĨɫ˵ѧʲôƽʱôϹҶ㣬һߣϴѧ
Ŵ󺣣˵ǵСʱϲ˵Ļôˮ񡣡
ŭݸʢ˵ҪҾǻ֢Ҫѧʵ
̾˿ĿʼԶĴ󺣣һֱţˮĵطȥϴѧΪ˲ϵģȥѧҼҲҪ취ǸװȵСŪ֡
ʱת۹ȥ죬Ŵٵļõ⣬Ƣ˿ѾѪѪȫ󲻵СʱɹΣڣƾǿǱعֻʮܿԺ
Žڼ֤һ漣Ҳʶһλ漣ĴߣҶɣһͨҽڹˡ
Ҷ춼ҽԺŴ٣ѧѾȤƾԴ֪ʶκһѧ⣬ÿڹͨһ¾ٶǰһ롣
ʦˡ
űƿŽһذٺϻ˽ԴۼʶҶڹ֮˰ʦѧͷÿ춼ҸֽڸСҶ׽ŲߣƤĺֱ׷ﳤǹ䴦
ҶˣһһʦеȰͰ͵ģСҶӲ˽ϸ첲ȵĽҲѧɰ
ŴбڴͷЦЦҶɴȤСҲǸ鳣Ϊ˼ҶŽÿͺзͻģͽ£Ǵ㣬붮ʦص
ŽЦ˵˵ѧڹ϶¿࣬ʦصģڵŰݣ䲻⣬ѧȺ󣬴Ϊʦ
ŴٺЦҶʦĹڱǶһݶҪǰԺҵĳƺҲøһĿ
Ž΢㵣ʵ٣ôķ
ŴҪ˵űƿһװҵά˽΢Ц˵ʦãҶʦá
Žָ˸°ϵɽӣЦе˵ˣֻҪܰҶʦ´پͳʦ壬ȻҪϵġ
ҶɿЦ˵Ҳ˽Ҳ˵ܳԿ࣬ѧ书ɾͣرڹһ֣ҪǴӻʵ̫ˡ
Žü˼һ󣬸оҶ˵Ҳе֪ǹͲ׳ڹ϶°빦ʱѧ򷴵Թʦַֺõ黻ԼҲ״Ӧ
ߵǰά˵һͷͺʳɳ̲ʮصĴһɳ̲ϻǰʮףǲ²ʲô
Ҷɲ˼Ĵ㣬ҪôǴĶ
һ㵣Ĵָ޵Ҷʦ壬ˣһ¾Уһ
ŴĿһݣҧ˵ǱǼһºģְ˴ǼһмҪտˣһؿڵ
һָάЦ˵ҲʲôҵŽ̧ؾµıǴ˼Ҷʦ壬ˡ
ŴһµأʹִһάһŨζӴƮ˳һ̣϶һرȻֵ֡
ҶֹȥӴһ̣ٴ򿪲Եĳȡһɭɭ̣˫ָһ鲢һȣС޼ϮŴĴֹ֡


542 ɱ
ŴһѴҶץ̣ҧһ̱Ƭ˦ְƬ£ƽǰյ顣
֮ܳɹϮŴʵһ˶еĶģɳ̲ĹǣŴٵģΪ˰ȫСסĪңԼÿ춼ȥƣµõҶ緵صϢȥ˵ͷԹ緹۾̨ͻϴһˮ졣
ŴѭȥһɫӰ߸ˮ棬뺣вָ۾̨˹۾̨רΪǹͺһ̨һͷ泤ԼʮףˮԼң˰ѽŴΧ϶ȥܴˮ棬ҹ۾̨һַǷʱȴֻ̨ӱҡ
࣬׺࣡
һ·˺ϵĶָ
ŴƲסеĺ棬ѳ˹۾̨شͣסߵĶһ׺ֶ࣬ǰںˮݵǼأںϻͷһμͰ׺ĵڣͻȻӺ޴Ĵ֣Ͳס˲뺣С
ʱجΰһĻŴԲ£ȭ˳⣬һ޴κηӦǿĴֲϣ첲ãôҲ޷ѴֲֵϽоĹͷѾյôѣ鼱֮ͷҧ֣ͻȻоϵĴС鴤˼£һ첲ָ繳Ϳ۾
ʹɿ˴֣Ŵǿ̾ʹƴ棬ԺȻһʧȥֻʱ͵⡣
ŴĽ¶һ˿ɫ˵ɳ̲ĴϹһֻ۾տʼһΪǱ״Ϲģû뵽ʦٵġ
ҶüͷšתͷԶŽڵ˵һĬһƪڹķϰʲôңûʲôæȥ
Ž¶һĨϲı飬˫ϥһͨ£д˵ʦϣСͽһݡ˵һҪͷʦصƿȰʲô
Ҷһס첲˵ҽ˹ÿͷһææٰڹķĬ㣬ȥɣҸҪ̸
Ž̻⣬˸ȦҾϲ̵뿪˲˳ְѷŹϡ
ŴһǳǳȣҶ˵СôķˣʵնŽͽǼ񵽱
ҶƲƲ˵ѾѧͣҿϽҲ̫ɾͣĳķϽ̵ڹܲҲƱ
ŴЦ˵Ҳûˣʲôֱ˵ɣȻܲµֵͽһ˼ԤУղСһҵʲô
Ҷɵʵ磬ǰΪСһļһ԰ɣ
ŴЦŵ˵ͷ˵ûСӸᣬ׷СҲˣСô˵Сþܾ˾ˣܲô
Ҷüͷ˵㻹ǵøôһһλߣȭŹУӵпƺʳɳ̲㱻º鶼ڱ󵷹
Ŵɫ䣬Ц˵ӦûǰЩ㲻ڼңҺСò˳۵ҲֻһҶӣҪӦһ飬ʱСӣȸ˺ҪСӡ
üͷ˵ҶʦҾҹϵһƼŶ³˽м°ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǼŵĴɶƼűΪ˵ж涼һĹɷݣû֤ݶֻ鷳
Ŵ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵ʲô鷳㱻СŪӣѵôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ǾôˣҲ鵽ǰǱзֹ˾ڱһоͶǰ߶Ǳˮɱ˺飬ں߱ϰĺҧø棬ǶǱˮ࣬ȫǱһеѧǰìܣܿˮЩ˺ܿܶɱġ
ҶһĨ⣬˵СҲ湻ġ
ŴͻȻתͷʵʱ䣬СҲʲôصģʵ˵γȥմ˶
ҶͲסˣԥһ²ڨЦ˵ִܹɱʮġ
ʲôɱʮ
ŴϵıͬʱһͣһֿƵĳˣԺһʶ


543 Ҫ˺
Ҷɼ񲻶ԣֻܳ˵ڹִһ飬ᣬҲʵȥһЩ
ͬʱһڴΣأʱɱ뱻ɱ֮ǻҲֻҶֲɵ񣬻ֻѾ˺üأɱ˶Ҳ֮٣򳶲Ϲϵ
Ŵ̾˿˵Ҷӣԭæ˵˵Ҳܹ񫣬ڿˣҿɲԴڿϹӡ
ֵʵӪļ϶ͣҲҿҶʦٳӦˣųɾŶʧܡ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵Ӫ˫S˳кܴһɷڣεһ٣ԺûҲ֪ͨһ֪ͨ˴Ѿ񼫣ԽǿֻɸΣ
ŴƲ˵˭Ȱѻ˵ǰͷС֮ǰøúһٳСӷ粻ٵס
ҶƳƳ˵׾ˣһû⣬Ҫץ֤ݣֻҪ֤пˮܷɵƲą̃ӲҲ״
Ŵüͷʵ׼ôҪ֤ݲסҲǸߣ֪Ҫץסչʾ֤ݺѣϼѡ
ҶɵһЦ˵ܼ򵥣һһѧУϿΣҵҪλߡ

һҶѧУûнңǵ˸ѩڽѧ¥ǰĻ̳Ծȴ˲ĵϸһѾ˸һ࣬иϰߣÿѧú磬һɫʱܳ˸磬ΪľǸһ档
Ҷƽʱٳ̣ɽ첻ֻͬǸСߣΪҪһɫһѧΪ˰ݺɫȥ˸ȹͷԳķͣһ齫׽Ϲҵ鵶Ƥ㣬ţжװͷƤϻһָƤףһꡣ
ѩȼ˰أУ԰ѧҶ˵Ŀ⣬鷢ˣ˰ҲǸļһˣ¬һﲻ֪ëȻѧװѧУ
ϴ󣡣
һ۾ͿҶɣĻһϽֱͲ˼ۿٿƣѰ˼Լܿϴˡ
¬ͷһǣû˵ƨǾϴϰ׽ӣϵĹŰѩѣһСƨô
ҶаƣûȵһѲаˣ
¶һĨϲЦݣſ˫ۿ첽ܵҶɸǰɷ˵һܱ§ת˺üȦŷ¡
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ҶڨڨһЦʵˣôѧķͶôһѧܼλֵܶǼֵø˵飬֪ǻѧֺαطİʲôѧ
ٺЦúѧϰڣҺͻˣѧڿʼúѧϰȡ϶ѧ̫СҪֵȥʡǷչдȫ椶ֵȥ
Ҷüͷʵѧҹܻô죿
¬ǰЦ˵ð˽տţĩȥһ˾УҺָٶڶ񲹹Σ뿼϶ѧ̫СҵһĿǳưʡǣϴͦţģûҰ׻
ҶڨڨһЦ˵ã¡˵һѹ߷Ը˼䣬¬ĿƵƵͷ
׻˵һúһ׮λֵţҶɵҲоûôΣ˳ŹŰѩڻ̳Ͼȴ
ˣҶһ߾۽ʻͣһɫܳϣʱܳѧһͷһݶݳİ˾
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¬һЦõÿôξ˸ˣѶ˹צ·óأҲǲзϡ
Ҷ̧ͷϸһǣ˵ˣǲˣҪǣرңô
¬һۣƶǶĵ˵ͷͣӰһһĸߴˣĻһȸ󡾵


544 û
뻻࣬ڼǸТӣΪչϵžЭ뵽ܼǸ˵ļ椶ǲԽһĨǳǳĻȡ
үǰ滨̳ѧʶ
ıڵһ䣬΢΢һ̧ͷǰһۣȻվڽѧ¥ǰĻ̳ԣһǰͬѧ׷椶ǻӻɷµľһΣʱûзϣ׼ˡ
ʶǸӣ鷳֡
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Ҷƫͷ˵˵һ˱ڣסˣĿؾңֱ̫ˡ
һۣЦŵ˵ͷǿм֣ͷϴޡ
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žણһ˵ڵأˤ˸׼ĹʺıһŭȣСӣȭ͵ҶţղſУСӰԼүѾˣֻкݺСһΪү
ҶзƫͷùȭͷֵڶԷǰһ岻ǰȥҲǸӣ˳źһپҪסΣƨϱ˺ݺһţһǰſϣһʹʲôҲ֪ˡ
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Ҷһ̤ڱڱϣ۴˵ʲô⣬⼸èҲȻðᡭ
˵һ룬һ˴첽˹ߵǰһ۱̤סıڣ̧ͷһҶɣ˵ôĵӣڽѧ¥ǰܶŹĸģ
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¬̧첲˻ֻЦ˵ˣ֤ݣֵҲ¡˵첽ߵθǰֻ쵽°λͣס˲ż
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˫΢УʵԤֻƵѲ֪ᰤô
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һЦ˵һ֪һλʲô֣ǰʡĳصеĽ̵Σһ̵βһ£ǰѧûӡ󣬲ѧİӦǸǮ˼ҵĺӡ
վԵıϵҶɣȻ䣬ƫͷѹ˵ǸҶɣ
һŮѧɱİѾڽϵͳڴˣӹִϢɱŮѧֱУһλɱѧУӦöԸУΪȻɼΣȴ˲ܸ蹫λ־ͽҶɡ
Ϣ˺ܶ汾˵ҶӢۣ书ǿΪŮͬѧɱ֣˵ҶɸȥŮѧŮѣһŭΪգ³ͷˣҲ˵ҶУ԰ڰϴһǲӣ¿Դ˵硣ŶȲ֪мɣҶȴһе֪Ҳ˱ϵͳе֪
ʲôҶɣ¶һĨı飬תͷһҶɣ֪һôһλ֪û뵽ϡ
ҶɵһЦ˵ûҾҶɣҶɵҶҶɵķɣ¶ûꡣ


545 Ĳ
һ䡰¶ûꡱ״˽еͷҶɵ˽Ⲣڴţڱйиѣԭ̾ӳܹⶨһְ͵õλѵҸ棬һǧһҶĸѧϴ鷳
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ҶһЦ˵ʲôƨͬѧҲȵһҧ˵Ĺζ԰ɣ㴦Ǳղ¼Ƶõ֤ݡ
ο˵ҶͬѧУ԰ѧ֮ìӦýУðɣ
õĽ̵һѧǰֹǰûйϿλһʱ䣬ѧΧ֡
ѹڵϵ˫ð˵̸Ѿ֪סԼ˭ҶɵľǼ椶磬еһжˣһǹҲ硣
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Ҷɽŵװ̧䣬ԲѵıԴһģײ̧ϣײðǱѪϵĽȻֹԭԲѵıڱһײȻʹ˹ֿʼôͽͣ޷Ĵš
ΣղŶˣҲȵģҪûɲԲԣ
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ӵһµһ˫۾ݺݵĶҶɣ˵Ҷģҵţûꡭ
ҶĿһݣֱԷ˫Ŀһ籡Χ¶ȷ·˲併˼ȣ˵䣬һֻǿĴֱסӣֱ̧ߣһУеĺɫȫ˾壬Ҳ
ģʲôֶֻʹַ㣬ڡ
䣬һɾ˦ڵϣԺͷ˲䱻ʹͬķ·˲䱻ˤ֧飬ڵϰζ۽ˮ
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ٻһ΢ۿ⣬Ϥнģİ⻹Ǹ۰ԼĴô
ҶкСãͷĪһʹеĻڻ˵Ҳͣ̾˿ǰִСüͷ
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֧һܿˮĸߣһǳֱʣɳ̲ɱҲڱݣһرҲǿҶɺԼʲôܶԷǿֻҪΣ׺ѾҪصĴۡ
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Ҷɴ򿪷Уһأ˸ɰ̧ͷɨһۣټĽֻʣˣһ·ˣ˵ٻû䣬һжԭģǰͲϡ


546 ħֻ
ٻĻһеĿӵ˷֪Ŵ˵飬Ͳ
Ҷһɰҧһڣ˵е˵Ҳţһֺرܿˮ类ƵĴ˴Ͻ˺ƴٵһֻ۾ֻѾǶˣӵһ͵ҽԺȣѪǸڹֹѪǸҪǿˣرұЩ¸Īˣһ̲ס
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ٻĵ˵磬Ȼشҵ⡣Ѿ˼ȣ˵ʱϸһĨĺΡ
Ҷֻܵͷ˵ûҪעֻҪץˮ֤Ҿа취ܵɵƲãûǰѧͬ㣬ǰйìܣ򶼸ˮйء
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ܸ߲УˮһַǳǿӺеˮﶼԳΪеѺܳ٣ܿǰžӦþΪʲôɱʱõԭˡ
磬һСͼװ䳵ͣŴ⣬ӼʻһͷͺΣ˴ηץ˳̨Ϸ͸Ҷɣǰ绰Լ档
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ҶɵЦ˵βܹңһ֮ǰǼһͿʼˣҵƢɴһһٱԩ
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Сʱȥ̨ϷհװϣҶֹסμ˵ͷһлҰˡ
Ц˵Ҳûʡˣ˵ɣ׼ȥ︯ܣ
Ҷһգգ˵Ժʰɣ֪һ¿ʾ¥˵ζȴȥһ١
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Ҷɽӹ绰˿ƲƲ˵ħֻҲûУڣ㶺ءָ˼ֻȻԤһ룬ԥҧ˹ȥ


547 
ħֻĺܿͨͲдһϲҶǵ𣿡
ҶЦˣ˵Ȼǵãڹú𣿡ԭֻǴŷ˽˵绰룬ѹλ˵ȫħֻ
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Ҷ΢Ц˵ֻҪҾ͸ˣлỶӭͣһд
ллҸԼȡһܰĻ֣ׯϷú𣿡
װBҶɱһ£˵֣ܺǳݣԺҾͽׯ̫вˣļȡôһƷζֱ֣Ͷء
˵иԣиԵ˲ŻȡиԵ֣ǵµĳŵ˺ŸңǹУҿ϶ֵĳŵ
ҶƫͷһԵΣ˺ڽ˺ţ¶һĨЦݣĴָʳָһ궯ǹͨƱơ
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٣Բ٣ǹþ˺šһֽУ֮ڱһ˺ţظһ顣
ҶɵһЦ˵˺żˣתȥʱ䲻ˣȴҺúôһ٣ε㣬ƹ
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Ҷɫ䣬ѹ˵ͷСսҲǻ˵˰ɣҴŴ㶪ҴӦ˴ҪСӴȥһٳæﻹǲ
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548 Ѱɱ
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Ůʳо綾̧ĽȻ£һ̱ڵأ˲룬Ѿȥ治ǶԣȫǱεġ
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һССĶݷ粨Ҷɵľ裬תͷܣûпӰӣվԭش˼߳¥š
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Ҷ˳ֹϰתͷЦЦ˵еԽǿֻɸΣ˾Ҳǻ
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ͺһСڿȣ¶һĨޱܵı飬ƺ˵ĸܡ
ڶ˾̧ͷʹޱȵ̫ѨһĨ⣬˵ǣҽ˵ģɱҶСӣҾͰҵδֻ֪ҵҵ˴ϵĶһһ롣
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һ˿Ц˵ʵöһҲ㲻ʲôڹĵʲôʱ֣뵽ܶһҶܲ
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549 ɱ֪m؅
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Ӱƺ֪һŰڰݰת˫Ҷͷת۲ɲѾ߳ʮȣȫ·
Ҷûˣ˫һſӭźӰһȣ˹ӿŭĿһ𣬰񾪡
ӰתȻһ٣ȥɨĶֽ𰣬ײǽڡ
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Լʮͷģϵͷϡϡ裬˼϶γɵк˫ëצࡣ
ٺ٣Ե޻˵ְɣ
һЦͷ𣬺˽ϣļƾƤʱѪע
Ǫm؅ߣ
ҶɲҪشüʳ˵ڶ⡣


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ҶɵһЦ˵е˼m؅г֣˵ɣδʲôö
˿ĭеõһδµĳλͼע˴ûĴλã˵װдҤЩȻֵǵģϲµİƿװѰİϹ壬гλͼҲһҵֻܽ
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ɫһݣ˵ȥ壬ȰϵĿ˵ֻҪϵͲҶ嶯֡
üͷ˵ⷨӲף޹أҲӸ֪Ǹߡ
һ˵ڹزôֻ࣬ҪܾȳʲôʲôһеŮΪ˾ȳŮһУֻҪŮƽҪʲôС
תͷսԱ˵ǰʬϳȥ塣ж縸ŮսԱԭΪץһ㹻ˣû뵽һһץһ´ʱ⣬ȴΪҪҸʱϼ㱨С
װϷյļװ󳵣СʱͣұԶĿյϣ̴ͣ򿪳ұȥԾѾʧ
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һҹҴҹȥڶ峿Ҷûȥѯץ²ؼģһץӦ̳ץڹ꣬ʮþȣѧûȤ׼úһװϷա
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Ҷ̾˿˵ڹʶһλУָ˼ڵֵⶫҲûãҽϷڡ
Ŵ̧һĶͷҶɾϷߣ˵ˣȰֵ˵ˣģ뱲ûô
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552 
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ҶֱʵǲǱץˣ
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Ҷɵ˵ûץ飬˵ҹ˽𣬸ղյһţת㣬ܾܲȵ˿ǵı¡һ̹Ҷϵ绰ѲǰյĶת˹ȥ
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ϲվͷоһЩɻ롰ͰšԶġš˯ţôû춯˵⴬ĿҪϴҪϵȻͷʮԶѲӾȥģˣлӣôûл
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һ󺰴ϲתͷѭ˹ȥһѼñ˹һδ֪Ҫġ
⴬ĿҲ٣ǽڼսһ˴ȥһʵҲʲô㣬ϲ򼸰ٽļǮ⴬㴿ڣе˶װڰһĺԺϹģĺܲ⣬ʹõһ𰸣ǸӣЩ⴬Ϊ˸ϵ
ϲˣӡֻ˺Ů˽иϵ⴬ӹϵŪ˰컹ͷˮ쿴ѼñӦģһ˲ܸϵٵ
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ǰͷϲһǱõһԣһίͷ˵ͷôɵ˭㿴
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553 º
ϲƫͷŶˣӴ˼룬¶һĨϲɫ˵Ҷ磿ôˣԻ̶̼ͼ˶Է˭ҶţB¼¹̵ӡһ˴򷭼ʮüһĻӣţⱲӶǡ
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554 
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ҶɸоϲķӿУ̷Ըȥ̹ʬ̲ͨε绰
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ʻżɽмһصĴϢ
Ҷ˵ѾˣҲҵ壬ǶһҽбͰŵ洬ϣи˵ļƻҪϡ
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ҶɰѾ˼ƻԽһ飬κµ˼ڴӦֻҪܰ˰ȫȳһȫϡ
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ڴһ죬һ˴Ӳ˳һԶڴڵҶɿУ߳յ
ϲĿתеʵʲôѾˣ˵ϲҪɨ
ϲǰ˼һŭĴʲôһӣڱͰϣɱһߵ˫۴һȥۿż⡣
ƺͻŪˣ˵һƤ𣿴һ˵ɣǮ
ϲ˫ĿᣬеͻȻ̧ͷŶһĴʵмǮ˲𣿻ѣ֪õѡ˵һֻŭı˫Ȼ췭ؿڡ
ء
һɴƷɳȥڿлһ뺣Уˮǰֻһ̴ٵľУôҲ벻ԷȻһ¾ͰƳ˼װ塣
ˮ˲䣬ҶɴӴѾ˴գϲ룬Ѹתأ˫һŴȥ
Ҷɳ봬տ屻סֽһСϣһţ¹˲öһѽתš
ϲշ棬һ죬תͷһֻҶɱһŮվ
쿪ȥͷ
Ҷһͺȣְγ鵶ֽһˢˢϿѾٳͷʻȥ
͡ˮϴһ죬ҶתͷȥֻѾ˺棬˫̤һž޴ĺӰš׷˹
ҶģҪ
˫ĿԲҧгݴкŤһʪ¿ڷ·ʲôѸʹ¿Ƶĸ߸߹𣬶̶̼룬ƣ¶һ߸ļ⣬Ƥϳһ㳤İë
ӿٶȣǧҪͷ
ҶһϺȣִһԵΰץһְγ첽嵽ߣΧĺ¶һ㣬ϰ׵ĳ˽вٰͷˮ棬ſѪڳšͳ


555 ѧе
Ǻɱ֣Ѫĺ֮ǣȫ׷ʱٿԴﵽÿСʱʮ洬ٶԶԶϵģͷԶĽǾ޴޷ת磬ٶҲӰ졣
ϲݴһʱȻûȺΧϣ۳ͷֻвʮףʮ嵽˴ͷǾ޴ѡšΧסܱߵ洬ȺӲһտĺ档
ϲûô㣬ŵûֱ£ôȥײ㣬洬ȺΧ´תת
ͷһЦָ̧Ҷɴ˵ҶģҺϧܿҪˣһߵ˺⡣̤һ;޴ħ㣬ⶫˮ֧ͬվںһ㡣
ҶƽϿ˵ģΪ漸ж˲𣬴Ͱĺһˣһȴƽ˵ʱȻ۽ǵɨͷԶһƤٳʻ
Ц⣬˵ͷ˵󻰣ڹңҲһῼһ
Ҷ¶һ˿ϷʵЦݣ˵ⱲӹعĸҪҹֻۺ붼룬ˮ֧Ļ˶㻹ԼˡѾƤͣͷϣӳһڶǹڡ
һнָҶɴʵҶģô֪ˮ֧
Ҷɵ˵Ҳ֪ˮ֧֪һ飬벻
ҧҧɭȻ˵˵ʱ䣬ֻҪһָ˺⡣
Ҷں˵СҲ̵ʴʶôʲô˺⣬㵱ǰôĺˣҪǡ˵һ˶٣ȻߣҪˣ
ʲôŵһ͵һƫΣͬһʱ䣬ͷһǹ죬ͷһڴѪҽһԽˮ
ӿѪ˴Ѫԣʮ͵Ĵͳҧħ㣬ܿ콫˺飬ѪȾ˴Ƭ档
һӴͷշҶչһȥӻһѣʯȫˮУôߡ
ǹˮʧȥƵĴҲ޷ǰĹ״̬ǷִǳˮʱֿʼѪˮҴܣмײˡš洬ϡ
ͷϵβϰʯҴ洬Ҷ³˫ֽסʯҴ£һԵ庰죬Ұʯҵ
ǰץһӣקڶź㵹ʯ뺣ɢ£ܵǰ׷˱ܡ
ҶѾʯҴѸټ뵹ʯҵУתͷվԭطϲѴȥͷ
ϲγѰعϼݴͷʻȥˮеĴ費ҽӴʯˮҲûײšҴһ½ֻ´ƬѪˮþòɢ
ͣͷϰ˸׻ӿ½ӵסŮеο壬ǵãܿˡ
̧ͷ涵Ÿףһҹ޽ȫףĨȥˮ˵û¡
סŮĨ֣мպۣæôƸס꣬һʹʵǱӰһҹɣʹô
Ŵҡҡͷ˵ѾʹˣҶüʱҪһᡭ˵һͻȻͣϷһĨĺΡ
̴ӰŮ̬ϲµһЩŲԶ洬̾һ˵ǷҶСһݴ飬Ժһ
ʵϴǰѹ£׼ݺŪһأϴϲӻ˺£ȻҸŮ֪һҶɵ⣬Ᵽ׵ĹȻҲͷϡ
Ҷϲ˵ϲӣҪлˣҸ绰ڱʲôΪѵֻңܰæһ
ϲһ˷ܵ˵Ҷ磬֪йѧô
ҶЦЦ˵ѧҪԿģܲܳԿࣿ
ϲһظ˵û⣬ұıûУܳԿֻ࣬ҪѧʲôС
ҶɵһЦ˵ҽ͵ɱ˷Żô
ϲһͣԥҡҡͷ˵ЩȱҲѧˡ
ҶЦЦ˵ģҪѧ򵥣ҵ绰סˣѧ˹ҲҪʲôȱ顣


556 ǮС
ѧһһ¡֣һѧĿزۣһҪ£߲ǿ£ϲģȱΪ˲ȱɷѧĻᣬⱾһܿɹƷ£ӵƷµϰ佫һ¡
ҶɶԹ˽ǳƷϲǸʵˣȡʲôɾͲ˵ֻҪѧͽһЩҲҪʲôʦͽݡ
ϲ˫ϥһҶɸǰͷһϲõĴ˵ʦϣͽݡ
ȿͷϷģͷʮ㣬ͷͰѶͷĳһ
ҶǰһѷϲЦ˵ﲻһǵôҵ绰
ϲͷСףӿڴͳСһǦͷ˵ʦ˵绰룬Ҽ
ҶɱԼĵ绰ϲ˵磬ھŵǰˡ
ϲ˷ܵĵ˵ͷ˵ʦģҲġ
ҶЦЦתͷӭ˵ҪСӴһ£ղһǹܱͷˣˮҲӲѪڣЩѪ˵ġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵һϸˮ壬Щܿܲ
γ˵費һǹ˳ҲǰڱѾȷ֤ݣҲʵ˰ɱ˷үʲôö
ҶɵһЦ˵
˵ʱѺڱеһ챱Ǳ߻˽ӹȥ
Ҷ̧һָԶƤʵ⳵ҽģûŪɣ
γ˵ûŪСʲôʱôСˣ
Ҷޱ˵ԤУûôŲ㣬ûˡһ䣬ѾƤӺȥ
϶ûμж飬һʱ˳ˡ
վԭؿЦҡҡͷʵ黻˭᲻ˬҲӳڡ
ŮߵԣʵӣҶСѻΪμץж鹢ڻô
̾˿˵϶еģʵҶû˵׼ļһܹϢ
¶һ˿εı飬˵ҴˣȰ˵ܲʲôͷ
ҡҡͷ˵Ϊ˲ţ̸ϴҶӸղ˵ԤУû֪ʲô
һ˵ΪҶС˵ûںѽ븽״̬ǿȱȻһӵпѾѡ
ϵС鴤˼£˵ҲǻϱҪ׷䣬ҪˣҪʬ
ɫһݣ˵һղұһղ

ҶֱӷˮʧһǿҵΣУһѿ϶ΣļˣһҪǿУõİ취С԰һڡ
صѾϦĺҶɰѳԿ׽ɭ̳ɽϷգΰ͹룬Լ乬ſڼ档
Ҷ乬ǰ˻ûȴյһȡ
żСС٣չ书ؼۣ嵽ǧһֻҪã粻Ǯ治Ǯ
һǮżССٰ컹ö죬һûһֵһ첻㷭ƶ̿ʼȣֱչ书ؼŻֵĹ߶ڰ²⣬λżССٵʲôʲô취Ĵֵˡ
Ҷֵܣˡ
һϲҶɵĳ˼תͷһΰ͹վԼæк
λ磬þòˡ
ΰǰһЦ˵˾ͺã鶼ˣ
ҶЦ˵ˣһԺᾭλ档
Ц˵ҶֵܣȻǾ͸ϽѶĹȥϰţѩūܵ㸮ϡ
ҶЦеĴ˸˵ǾͶлˡ
˵Լֵܣ˵ЩͼˣѩɽǵĶѾյûжȱѩɽɵ˰ҶɵĶ׼׵ֻҪѶϢȥǱ̻ᰲŽԤõĶʹ򵥿ݡ
ҶЦʵλղŶյôиǮ书ؼ
һм˵书ؼмУжֵҲյһ֤һ飬ǾкֵܶƳȥ˲١


557 ˫ʥ
żССٺƣֵǹΨһĻңԭΪ㹻ֵڹлˮҪʲôʲôżȻеؼʵ֮ʵ˷һѣ̿ʼû뵽Ⱥ˼СʱҲղһִڨƨһѣһЩܸУһӢ¥һǺƾơ
ľװ߽Ӣ¥ţһĺӴߵżССٸǰһ۳˵书ؼ
żССתתеľƱ˵лˡġӵһˬô
üͷ΢˵УǮ
żССٲһھƣ˵ǰһ׿򣬺´ͷнףϷһؼ֡ؼ
żСС£׿Ѿرգ´ͷȡס
Թ£˵ؼȤǿ̸̸
żССǳǳһЦ˵Ȥ˵
ӵ˵˫ʥţؼֻҪһֵ
˫ʥţżССظһĻ¾Ʊ˵ؼ߰ǧֵⱾؼǹ˵㣬˫ʥʲôģʲôôҪЩʲô
ӰȻһЦ˵书ؼмУǧֵ򲻵õ书ؼһֵѾǺܱˣ˫ʥƴĹţй߰ˣ߾ˣƲǹǰʮɣֵ֧ĹǺѻõģ˫ʥõѡ˿һһؼ
żССһ˵ѣֻûʱϷ㻹û˵˫ʥҪʲô˲а׳Ե͡
¶һ˿Цݣ˵˫ʥźɻڹи㹻ıӻ˶ҪԴֵύר˹û⣬Ȼ㹺ؼ˽ƷҪʹֵʱʱ֧ȡ
żССٵһЦʵ˼˫ʥžҪֵ԰ɣ֪ÿ֧ȡֵ
ԥ˵Ƚ⣬ÿδſ֧ȡܶİٷ֮ʮҡ
żССҡҡͷ˵ؼͦܳǧֵҲ˫ʥţоͽףо㡣
ɫ䣬˵˫ʥŲϲܾӽ쿪ʼǱŵˣ˭Ҹ㽻ҲΪŵ׷ɱĿ꣬Ȱ㻹ǿ𸴡
żСС˫һɣվָӱǼʲô⣬үСϵŴôƨ˫ʥţ粻ˣбڶһָͷԣַ㣬⣬ؼӣø˫Ż¡
ǰһ̻˹˹ĵССҲɤŴ㣬Ъһһ׵ģʳͶԼͬתͷ˹
ӱûͷ˫ʥҲһԳݣûӮƫƫӢ¥ﻹ֣ܶɫһһԭط
żССٲӭ˽λòͣʮ뿪򱾾¥ȡǿֶΣʾϣʱʼ
еľ¥ϵͳ裬Ӣ¥Ҳ֮һһλʳͶλһòͣҲȨѲʶİλżССзȤĹܣòǰⶩλᱻİ˴
ŵʱ벻ϵݼסˣһ˵ɽˮ˫ʥĵˣκڹи㽻׾˫ʥΪУ
żССϲӬƵڱǼ˻ӣǻֵĴ˵˭ڷƨóóźܿͻҽףҪǱ˷ƨѬ˿ɲ㡣
Ц˵³˫ʥŵĵ̣˸Ҹ㽻ס
δ䣬ӴŷһԵƨ˭˵û˸Ҹףⲻˣ
ϵЦȻһתͷѭȥĸ˰ǰһƤڵˣղһӦþġ
˴ߵżССٸǰЦеʵؼżСС٣
żСС΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ûҾؼģؼô
ȻУǮˣͯۡ
ЦӦһ䣬ִӻһ书ؼ󷽷ϣպ𡷣쾳ؼֲһؼϣ߱쾳ؼ


558 
쾳ؼŰϣϷһر趨Ʒӵ߿ܱĹڳչʾԼƷؼ֮һ¥ܱĹڳϣչʾƷʱջأƷӵ߿趨Ʒضչʾ˿ţ׿֮ͬ
żССٿ쾳ؼһ˫۾ɵԲ쾳ؼղǱʲôؼǸӵĻֻҪؼֻٶֵУֵҪЩ
˵ɣ쾳ؼҪֵ
żССһؼļ۸˸۹û˵ؼֻ˵ؼľ硣
쾳ؼ
´ͷ¶һĨ֮ɫǻŭ̼仯ΪУΪ֪ó쾳ؼ۵˾ͨ
ûлش𣬷һżССٿЦˣҶΪѣѡܾͬ
ϷòԵ趼ϲ򵥵żССپŴҶ뵽˺ֵҶɣǰؼ԰ڵļһСҶӡ
żССѡͬ⣬ٶȷȥһ˽ģҶӣŲŸ߳㣿ؼҪ
Ҷ̱ݣ˽ĵû⣬ҰؼĬ㣬ԺͱˣϷؼ٣ĵؼ϶Ҫ鷳
鷳Ѿˣ˫ʥţһ￴ϸֵˣ˵ôɣ
ֱ鷳һȤΪϾϷٴ鷳ҲʵߣϷٴΣҲ⡣
Ҷ˵кܶӰ쵽ʵĶۼ߱ɱʵжֲˣϷÿһʵжǴڵģȫϷеĶԹɱ뵽ʵȥǿᵽ޷ڣҪ͵
Ŵ¶һ˿ɫʵǸк´ͷļһ˵˫ʥϰߣ߾ĸ׷Ÿɱզ죿ֲ𣿡
Ҷ˵ɢɱһԭظȻɱһΣͬһ˿ɱΣ뿪ϷֻҪ־ֲܰˡ
Ŵ˵СӱŸ磬ζ⵵£а취𣿡
ҶЦЦ˵취϶У˸ƴмѣֻҪǽԸ˫ʥӦûʲô⣬ϵǡܾûϵǱˣҲ֪ڲڣ뵽ʼ˽ϵӳһֻҪǱȡϵһ鷳ӭж⡣
ŴЦ˵а취УȰһؼ׸ңͻ㡣
Ҷɲ֪«ʲôҩܿѡպؼ׸Ŵ٣˽ϵһһ˽Źȥܿ˻ظ
ŴһؼϣվһԷĺ´ͷ˸ָ˵۾ƣؼܸô
´ͷǰ˫ϵؼƤϼ̵ִͫ׷ᣬպ𡷣쾳ؼ汻ֵյ쾳ؼ
á˶ֵ
ĭĿİͰ͵ʳһܰ׳յ⣬ԺһͷϱϧһдҲҪⱾؼ
ϵؼһʧ˻ȥ´ͷץ£һĨʧ֮ɫҧҧݺݵżССһת뿪
ŴٰؼҶɣЦù˵ҶӣҲҽһλѣк£ҺȾơ
ҶЦк˸ģʽѴһ飬ЦŽܵλΰ磬䵱ŵӣλǹ빴磬ŴţʣλǷǿ磬ŴӣϷǹĽ顣
Ŵٶ˴˸֣Ц˵ŴţҸҶʵеĺֵܡ
һ˵ղǸ˫ʥŻ´ͷɣ˫ʥǰһܵ͵ĹţҶֵܳµ˫ʥһ̬ǿһٰΧ³Ǿ֮һڶм˫ʥгĿȡֵвٹ߿ɱ˺üأ˫ʥŶĿڶ࣬Щ˫ʥŵĹֻܱ뿪ǡ
ǿ¶һ˿ɫ˵˫ʥŷͷպµĵҲûʲô˫ʥţ˵˫ʥصϷӪйϵڳʲôֻҪ̫ҲõĬһǰۿ˫ʥ³׷ɱһߡ
ҶɲΪȻ˵ģϷӪܸ˫ʥųϹϵֻҪ˫ʥŲֵҲȥΪС·Ǹֵܹȥһǳԡ


559 ɱ¾
ҶɴλϷеĺӢ¥Ϊ˴ҸŴ棬ԺϷҲиӦͬʱҲߴ粻÷ʲôؼû뵽ߵؼΪ˶ͷ˫ʥλͷǰһ߷ߵģһưոݣȻ̯鷳¶ԾͰһˣԺϷ̹
ŴֽԱþƺò˵һѣؼҲˣֵҲֻЩط
Ӣ¥ľƲζѣȴһݳ죬̶̲һʱھ¥½˺üߣ󶼻᲻Լͬˣгɫ
ˡһ߽˾¥Ϊ׵һɴŮˣŮһ˾ȥ˫ʥŻ´ͷ
ö˵ɴŮ˾˫ʥֻ֪ƽʱɴû˿òҲ֪
˫ʥߵԵλ£´ͷǰһŴ˵żСС١
ţ˫ʥһƫͷ˵СС٣֪쾳ؼ˶ֵ
Ŵ˵ڣһ쾳ؼǮֵá
˫ʥɴᶶ£˵һؼǹеĴֱˣ㹲ؼ֪᲻ӦȻûֵʵеĶ
Ŵüͷ΢ҡͷ˵Ҳ׼˹ؼһֵҲˣԺ󶼲ˡ
˫ʥͷƫҶɣʵؼˣҶ磬ǰڰ׹ǷɱߵĶ֣ʲź»еҶҪ֡
ҶɻζһеľƱ˵˫ʥòҲ֪ؼҲֹһǮһж̸
˫ʥ˵˫ʥʵл֪Ҷô̸
ҶɵһЦ˵򵥣һ쾳ؼ˫ʥҪ൱ֵĶ⿴һʺͿˣǰҲؼ㿪гļʵĻһ㣬Ұѳ˵ǰͷҪᣬ׹Ƿ߾ǰ֮
һ仰˵꣬ǰͻȻһѡΪѣѡܾͬһԥѡͬ⣬Ϸкܶ˶ʵΪǳƣ˫ʥܿյر
˫ʥɴҶ˼£˽˵첻ҿҶҪᣬӢ¥쾳ؼϢѾ˴˫ʥˡ
Ҷüͷ˽˵ҪĴͷˣҺ
˵˫ʥڶ࣬ݬ룬лҶѣһἰʱ٣Ҫһ쾳ؼȫ
ҶɵһЦ˵ؼһύҴ繴룬ȥ̸ԺҲ˫ʥΪżССٵϢǴˣӦöġ
ͷ˵ףһ˵˸֣˫ʥ뿪һߣҲС룬µĶǾϲ֮
ҶЦЦһƣö˵λ磬СһպؼλԸ¼һݣȻϴһˣԸ˫ʥ̸̸ļʾˣ۲
պ𣿺öСð
ǿȻһֽУõǶģһһɧ
ΰһ˵ҶֵܣҼˣҳ¼һؼͺãؼҾҪ
˵Ҷֵܣ㵽ҪҶپϲҸһؼԸǼؼǲҪġ
ŴƲƲ˵ǸֵؼûȾͳ˼ҵģһ𰡺ؼܻöҲ
ҶɵЦվ˵类Ⱥˣؼ֮ǰ۵ļһԵͷһأԺҲЩ鷳缸šһ仰˵˫ֱƵĳ¥ȥ벻Χڶۡ
ʣ˶һۣͬʱ˹ȥǲҶҪʲôȥ
˴۾ҶɲŲڳй䵴ӽֵţȲҲƵ߳³ǣ˸λ绹һȺˣһȺؼĹߡ
˳ǾͲǰȫһƬַΣҪʱΣɱ¾Ҵ쾳ؼڳйֻˣһǷƵķӣһӵоŵǿߡ
Ҷһ˵ľҪλ³ͽߵǣϴһۺ쾳ؼ紵ľɱ¾


560 ī
ֵǳ֮ĿտߣһȺߣвѾ˱УеǰռݷֻһĿģɱ˶ᱦ
ƥﻳбǸǿʳ磬ͨϷﶼбͬһͷǵõ̶ͬȵǱøǿ书ؼǹеΪ˵õǸԸա
ҶɲǷӣҲ㲻Ϲеľǿߣ֮ѡǿлӵ·ԭģҪһЩĲļһչʾһԼʵ˫ʥڡ
λ綼Ѿ˱һĻܣǲ֪ҶĿصʲôһǺֻҪ˶ҶɲǾͻƴಫ
λ˱ɣǿʵ߿Щжǧ
Ҷö˵һ䣬ӿŲǰȥһۣ˹ȥ
ǰһƬϡ֣ǱңңҶߵӱʱͳʮڽߣӶеĵ͹Ҫѣֱȡ
ҶɲܣȻһǱӣɱ𣬴ӽȺмӰбҡҷӰ׼Ѹ磬תۼ͸ߡ
ۡ
˶ʮ˺޾ɫӰ֮дѪ̶룬߱ɱøɸɾɵúƿвһ㣬ɱޱվҶԣɢһصҲȥơ
ҶתͷλԭشЦЦö˵ǱɵվţƵʲôö
γѰع첽ܵδʧʬԼ˶
ʮʬ廯ƮɢڵصƷȫȸСҲ⣬ܱ˺ǰĲߡ
ǱӵֶμЩĴĹǣ𿴸ҶϰֱֳеĹߣ󲿷˶ڱֹȴȶֺղһĻһ£ҶһǿؼͽΪ
ǱӴӵ߽֣мĹߵһԼķȻȥвĴҵ߽
ಡƿХէ죬֧ʸм޲ˣǱԱӶб̼佫ʸ䳾ĹæӶ񵲣ʵݬ룬˱ʸл׹⣬Ҳм˱һʱδڵϷ
Ҷޱ̧һӣ˵ôЩͷβĶǱӣǰ
ǱԱͬʱ˶ס˿첽ǰУ䵽ľʸ赲£˲һͷ
ߣѹǵĻ޿֣
˵Ҷ籾Ҳߣߡһˣһû˼
ΪãҶҲǸҲˣˮ
ҲˣԼ飬ɵϲŸ档

ǱûסʸһĻβĹ߶ùģ׻˵úãӲְûԸȥģβĹߺ˴룬ֻʣ²ʮ˻ڽ档
ֵ˽Ӻ󲻾ľʸͣ͵ϮҲ֪壬ͣ취
ڲûܵκϮֱ߳Ӳſǰվһˣһ˫ֱˣݺ˿ͷһϮ׳޷ԶҲϴκαǰһīȡ
ɢվԵĿյϣ˫գƺƣϡܿһΡųǣֻҪǰһ⾰ܵš
Ҷͣ½ŲŶˣʵǰҲҵô
ͷ죬˵Ҳ䣬ֻҶС쾳ؼһۣʱԭ֪ɷ񣿡
Ҷޱ˵ǰҪó㹻Ķ쾳ؼ㣬ƤһҪҶĳԹԷؼδҲ̫Цˡ
ͽȻһЦЦ糱ӿϵĳƱ輤īҲݡ
ǱԱûֵӲԽԺҶ˱ۻЦöĤ飬̲ס̧ס˶˼βĹҲвˣܾ
ҶҧҧһŴȵһ֣羪էԶԶȻ˵Ц嵭࣬߷ſҲܡ
ЦͣŶҶɣһĨ⣬ʵ쾳ؼмص湦ô
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵㡣δ䣬һӰۼӵǰ


561 ˫ر
ƺû뵽˻ͻȻѣ¶һ˿ɫչ۲ָƺһʹֺᣬӦףѰ߸Ͱ
ȻӰһʽв׽һ˿϶ƫͷܹһȭѰ϶ӿȵھƾ˰ȭˣһīС
쾳ߣ㵽˭
ɫȫ˾ɫ̧īһһһ䡣
һִγһһȰƮǰּ̧һĽȰ㼲չа㻮ƿ˻˻죬мش˵ʣ־ȫ
̧īâǣӭŶֳѹ˹ȥ̶תӰݺᴩľȥ˺һ㣬ĳ̹˵ӰڸУԶԶһһŲͣλ˸ҲӰ
Ҷֵܣһ쾳ߣ
ΰöһ䣬ϵıЩ죬ǰۿҶɽϷཻһû뵽Ŷ̶ʱλСֵѾϷӵʵԣҶֵܺˡ
ûǱӹоˣаߣӳһ쾳ߣֻ֧ڹвܶãԺҲᾭϷΪ˴Ժ·ǳ¶
ҶöĴһ䣬Ҳת˵Լ⡣
˵ҲµûĻīȵӦ̫ƽеīȾһĵͣͷǰǰĳû뵽Ҳؼˡ
Ҷ˵һģӦǰ
ǿ˵̫ŵͷǰʦǸѲĽɫǸһӦҲǳѾõǰҹҲ˶á
ŴٿýζǿĻ̲סΪë˶ã쾳ĲϼͷϹ򡣡
ǿ˵쾳ֲǴײˣЩܽгŵĲһƣ˵ǴŴž֪˶ԷݣҪǰʶ϶򲻳ˡ
䣬̫ѾԾɣȵѩ϶ҪΪһСΪô
һһڣʵģһ쾳ؼֵಫ
̫̾˿˵ǱؼҲˣⱾؼǽպ𣬸ҵĺХ֮ͬֺαң
һǹһ˿Ц⣬˵ǿһսϹС»ɽؼһģٳ߸ͷһҲȫ޿ܡ
̫¶һ˿ɫͷƬ̲˵˾վţп˽ġ
Ҷյһһ˽ţˣ̫ƽཻѣԸǱΪЧɷպؼһģʱ͹ˣһԸΪ
Ҷԥһ£𸴵ȻѼǱȻû⣬ڽؼͲˣΪҰһ£һֳ¼쾳ؼ͸պֻһ
쾳ؼһ̲סһ˵ˣؼ˵һ£ʮټҲڴӦ쾳ؼΪ쾳ߵĪһ˿⣬˵¾䵽ͷϡ
ҶɵһЦ˵εҪһģһᰲźһУһ˼ʲôΪѾˡ
˼룬Զ̫ͻȻͷһЦīҶɣǱԱ䣬ѸٻҶɸǰֱֳڳ˹״̬
̫ӵ˸ǰվȭ˸֣˵ƽݼˣӽԸ˷Ը˹ģʽڳ˶˵ÿһ仰
ҶֲǱԱǰЦ˵ܺãӽǱһԱˡ˵ʱѾƽѣϵʽһ飬춯˵ؼ̷ϡ
ƽڴӦһѾʧԭأȻˡ
ҶɵһЦ󲽳ǷȥβĹֻʣˣĶѾȫ뿪һۣ첽߽ǱӣҲǱԱֻղβ֮УѾ߹ҲûصıҪ
һҶһ飬ǰļһѾƽɱ
ν˲˲ɣҶҲûмƽЩСڣǺſڰؼ˹룬齻ȫȨ
Ҳ˽꣬ܿؼ¼ݣԭֿ⣬ҶɷԸǱɢȥ乬ſߣҪ¼ؼܾ
һѩūԱСã̫Űػ͵ڼһرգͷĴʯڿ԰Ȼ¡


562 ѩū
ϷպҶɭֽʺС͸ӡ֮ĶʼĬдؼһĬдǡպ𡷣ƽ
ɭڵҹơƣһĬдһӡЧʼߣֻСʱͰѡպĬдϣӡݣҪĬдǡơⱾ쾳ؼԭѾ۸ѩɽɣҶӡĶҲǣý軨׷
֪СʱơĬдϣɭѾӡݣ̵ݣʣһݼԭȫҶɡ
Ҷֻһԭ壬ʣµһݸӡظɭ˵쾳ؼʺϣİǱĶá
ɭ˵ͷ˵֪Ȱؼϵ书Ҿһѻˣ̰ãһֲɾ͡
ҶЦЦ˵ϷͰؼһݣˣ컹һ̯Ҫ졣
ɭ˵ȥɣҾͲˣ·Сĵ㡣
Ҷ΢΢ͷת뿪ǰųţϷŴ۾Ǵһ˿ааЦݣոϷλһʺ⡣
峿ҶɻſڴϺ˯һֻоѣԺͷץֻͲдһŮˣѩūҵ˱л
ѩūҶֱӴӴϱʵ
õ绰ͤҲʶ·
ԭزܿ㡣
СʱҶɰѳ˻ڵ·ԣ֪кüõ绰ͤղѩūǸŮˣǲ֪ô෵ЩûνǱˣ治һ˻ѩɽɵʦүСһ
һַŷУһֻͨǰĺ롣
ǰ治ԶҶĿһһ绰ͤվһŮˣϵıȻ䣬ͷһιʲôѩūѩ򰡣
ŮĿԼһңٳ٣λӦǹȫǸ״ǴŸűһҧԵǽһ㣬ͺǿѩɽɵӣǱѩɽɵģСҶֻһͷ˻˻
ŮֱһӵĴվڵ绰ͤԣһҧűһڵˣͳ⳵϶ء
Ҷ̾˿ѳ˵绰ͤԣͷʵѩɽɵģ
ŮһЦʵС˧磬ѩɽʲôɣó𣿡
ҶɿЦҡҡͷ˵֪һǳʹѩɽɡū˻˭ﶼܣǰŮ˷ڻʹΪʳ
Ů˿һЦ˵С˧磬ڨķʽر𣬼ȻǶʹѩɽɣǾȥˣŶ
ҶɸоЩ£ôѩūˣֲſǿҳ嶯ָʹֻϵز
绰Ҷ¶һĨı飬æתͷȥֻԶһõ绰ͤվһ۵Ů绰
ѩū
Ҷֻһ͹˵绰̵绰ͤԣʶŮٰѩɽɵӷϼϴæλ϶ڻѩУû뵽ѩū
ϼҲ˰ͷ̽Ҷɣ¶һĨɫʵô
Ҷɴ򿪳ţ˵ģϳ
ϼҧҧϵİɫ򿪳ȥСڴѩɽͷһسԶţڵѾʲôѩɽ״ӣѩūѾԼǸδִ֪ơ
Ϊѩūѩɽɵıϼ֮ǰֹһ뵽Լи᲻µĶΨһ׵ܻܵѩɽɣѰܵҲѩɽɱҲȥµĸĸջѡû뵽ľȻҶɣҰȼһ˿ϣ
ҶǰУתͷʵô
ϼҡҡͷ쿪ʼûκζجج˷ɻ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ҴȥԵ㶫ȻҸطúϢʲô룬û˻㵱ѩū
ϼһ˿죬ʵѵѩūˣ
ҶڨڨһЦ˵Ӧôʯһ쾳ؼģ治֪ѩū㡣
ϼ¶һĨϲı飬˵Ҿѩūϴ˽Դ˽ѩȴŹ棬Ŷҵĳͷ
ҶͻȻͣ³ӣתͷһ˵˵û˻㵱ѩūӵоԵɣô


563 ٳؾ
ѩūǷϼҶ֮ھΣԷԼѩȾҲ³ֵҵԼٻᾡڱñĴѩɽ֡
Ҷһ͵ǰͣ£תͷ΢Ц˵ǰϰ߳ʲô
ϼѩɽɵ׵ѩ꣬ҲһСơ
ҶЦЦ˵ѩиߴϵĶûУˣѩɽɵӳô
ϼ˵ͷ˵żЩɣţΪ
Ҷɵͷ˵³ɣͲԺףҽһϵĽƽˣҲѩɽɿơ
ϼȻһЦ˵ҲҪʲôƣΨһĵܵѩɽɣʲôΥ˵ΪǾͻʮٱļҵܵϡ
ҶüͷģѩɽƤҲ̫ˣİɣһһ취ܵͳʱҲʲôѩɽɵӣڱ
ϼһ˿⣬ʵ֪˵һ˭
Ҷɵ˵һǰңҺѣƤҪӦûɣ
ϼ̾˿˵ңʦҪ˿϶û⣬ҸܵܵĹϵЩӣܰҪҲԸһ˳Ȼɣ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷ˵Ҫ˵Ժ˵³͡
³߽͵˸Ƨλ£һŴķԱ΢ЦǰָڵϵĲײһ뷭תĺ㵹һܿһ߷̧֣㣬ڶ߷֡
ԱʵλԵʲô
ҶɶһڣЦ˵𻨸ţһݣƵĿϣչ˷ݾС͵ǰŴΣҲģ´ĵ
ϣԵȡ
ԱӦһת뿪ϼǳǳһڣ¶һ˿Цݣ޵ǰûȹֲ裬㡣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵費ãҼиõԵ裬ҪϲԾȡ
ϼ̾˿˵ǰ˵ѩū󶼷ǳңܶ඼ĥǹúõҲһ
Ҷüͷʵĥ⣬ΪʲôúҲһأ
ϼеĲС£ۿ˵һλѩɽ˵ʮǰһλѩūദǢվ˷ޣȡҩŷѾУһŭ֮°ѽҩһöʬƵʬƵһִϹŶʬȡĶ棬طѱ˷º֮ڶﷱֳԹ˵
Ҷɫ΢䣬ҧ˵ôƤѩɽϴ˸䵭Ǽñ˺ãģڱѩɽɵ˲֪
ϼҡҡͷ˵һ£Ȼûб½ƣÿҪһδѩɽ仹дѩɽ˲ڲ鿴ϣܸҰЩʲô鶼ԣǱš
Ҷԥ˼룬˵ǺðɣмԽʱΣաȻ˵ҲûҪϵ鷳ҪĽһ顣
ϼϸҶɵĻ⣬˵ҪСöô
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ûһᰲһ쾳߰бǸͷеĳϲ̫㣬ֻҪץסһˡ
ϼ˵û⣬һСãǴʬ̤ȥҪһǳ
ҶɵһЦ˵⣬Ҽһ֮˵ʲôҲһȳͣҴȡ
䣬ԱŲͳ˹ϰ˸ŸɺҶСڵĵƮ˿˿ŵһ˿ʳָ󶯡
ҶָһŴԱЦ˵ٵҪֲҶһ򵥡
ԱպóƱ̵˵ȳţϸݲ裬һôĲҶ
͸Сѵ˺٣ǰŴپһÿͶٸԱСѣĻ˵ں˸СѵĵطСܵõķЩСѳϰߵĵطҲ״һҶɼϣһųƱܻõķ񣬺ֶΪ
Ѿʮ㣬Ҷɴϼؼȡ֮׼ȥĪұʱӵһİ绰
ͨ绰ͲдһҶ𣿡
Ҷüͷ˵Ҷɣλ
ǱйֵĲܹⶨλ̵ѶǸͺܴͷ
ţû
оԺһѽٳʮؾ


564 
ƽƣΪ쾳ؼҹ˷ɻϵ˱УҲ̫æȻҶɵϵʽֻǵһ֣Ҷ磬ԭһ̫ϳϼе͵ҲֳƫƫӼߣſڱտھһ䣬֮֮󾡿ȥãͬС
ŵӸͷȲջƱ͵˵ǻڣλ۸ڶ쾳߶İĳУƽԵӲƷʹýϷգණһŲãֻϡͿ˻ʱһĨڣ˼ʮǰϰ취·
ƽ˾Ҷ磬һԳҶˣĵǰ䣬֪Եȣȥͣȡ˳Ӿһȥλ쾳·ɵ˼Сʱƭӡ
˼Сʱ賿޷ĵƽֻ뿪˻Ŀڴε·һλˡָһϢĵطоվ
쾳ھվһҹڶ峿ֿʼҶϢվԱ޷ļ⣬ֳʲôұ˸ѻ˵ȥҶ磬ƭ˱оԺƭƽһŭ֮´ֵþԺɹѼϵ
޼ƿʩҽԱѡ˱̾һͱƽ׽˫һԶѨλൽ˾Ժʮ¥̨ϳؾӣʮؾԱֱ̨׽˫ȫѨλ̨أֻҪһƾͻݲκαʩĿзˡ
ûˣ̸רҸλƾ̸УõĴ𸴺ܼ򵥣ҵҶͷˣҲһ̸
¥µľԱȹϵϣͬץҽԱ̨ϱ߱Ѿվ˶ʮˣʱܱͷ̫ڻѻָ޷׼ͷ̸ר˵ҶʮңУ߲飬ز֪绰ûУֻһй
ȫлϣҶĸ䲻һܹ꣬ⶨת÷ɿ죬뵽һˣһҶģйˣ˵йֺв֪λСүģƱѲһԵҵһ绰˹ȥ
֪ҶɾҶ磬ܹⶨûȴģλСү˻Ըܽ⵵鷳Ҫ鷳źá
ܹⶨϵ绰ֳ̱ԼǧҵҶ磬⹦ͿɲС˵ָܻ۵̾ӳְӦһҲΰΡ
ʮӹȥһγͣоԺסԺ¥ǰŴ򿪣һһŮеĸߴӢŮˣŮһŽ
ܹⶨǰкɲֳѾһǰǺˮİƣǿЦ˵Ҷ٣ˣȰȰλѣֻҪһжȻʱϢһֳҲͷˣ˵Ǽٵġ
Ҷûи̧֣ͷܣͻȻüͷָһ¥˵ȰѶ¥ϵľѻֳˣȥ˴ߣκ˲Ҫţʲô̸
ֳԥһ£ͷ˵ãͰ졣˵תѻ֣֪ΪʲôԭҵҲƽԤУҶһ˳⵵鷳
ҶƫͷԵŮ˵ţȥ˴˵˦󲽾ֱ߽¥ݿڣֱӳ˵˶¥¥̨
յ̨ڣߴһͺȣվסǰ߰벽ҾͰһȥ
Ҷͣ½Ųӣаͷʲôɻֳô󶯾òɣ˼ſڳ˵ƽҪô
ʲôɲҪң
һʮ̨ƺһ˿á
Ҷ̾˿˵ǵýպô
Ҷ磿
ͽȻ˼ȣƽѾȷ˶Էݣ˷ܡ
Ҷҡҡͷ̨ǰﲻɵգһ۾̨վһȦˣд״ӵģдģж˳ǹͷģмɫģǰӡšоվЩϵıͬвðȺ
һͷҷͷϥȦ룬ϵİ׳ۼ߰ߣһֻϴŲЬһֻ´ľȻһֻͷƤЬ˫ϥϺһڹȣԺҶŸǹע˿ࡢBRA
Ҷ磿
ͷŶˣü΢΢ǰ˸ϷеҶò̫ʵɡ
ҶִӿڴһֽͷЦе˵ٲ


565 ϵа
ƽ˿ˣ̶̲һʱͱ˿˺üأϰ걻ӵĴ࣬ǰ˸ϷпҶò̫󣬲òһСġ
ҶɰеĸֽͲ״ƽŸ첲վһԾȡ
ƽչƽӹֽͲɨһۣ϶ʱ¶һĨڵϲɫǽպؼǰ˾Ҷ硣
ҶɵһЦ˵ؼģǣ߰ɣ
ƽСİؼպãȻץϥϵȷ㣬ֻһ죬סѨλͬлȻһɣвٺ񱻳ȥֱ̱ڵأųǹؾԱҲ̧ǹڣΪ֪еĸǹ˸ɰв
ҶЦЦת¥ȥƽһʱʧ
˳˵¥¥ݿڵľʶľǹֳæ̧һѹһĴȵҰǹ¡ԣŮгʣԼ춯ͻϲӡ
ҶɵһЦ˰˰˵ţһᣬû¡˵ƽߵԣ򿪳ȥϳ̷ﳤȥ
ƽڸʻλϣζĿеؼʱ˿бӶ˻ر
ҶƫͷһЦ˵ϣſؼ˵˵ʲôʱ򵽵ģô˾Ժ
ƽؼ̾˿˵һѾûԭԭһ顣
ҶƽĽһпҲҪעʱӹ찡һ湦ҲᱻӵҪ취ϱƭһ
ȻվԺãҲ߻ӣҪһƽƭ侯ָˣҶ뵽¬Сʶ˶࣬Ҳ뵽취
ͷˣ̸жһ绰ֱӲ¬취һ䣬յԸСܵȻڴӦʲô취ͲҶȥĵ飬ֻҪЧͺá
ҶֱĪұһСøϼ˴һ£ƽһͷ̫Ϲȥ⻹ױ˵ؤ
Īұ˼£԰СͻȻ˳ǧˮΣˣЩСϢҧԭڳʮռҿ๤ʱֱĪϣү̽˼ǧʯȫͶˮأƽˮصͬʱҲˮΡ
ڶ·ڱϴּ䣬ϴǧָֻ״СʬС׺ޱȣ˾ҧĪұķҧ˫ֻ֣ʬֱ룬ѾȥҽԺơ
Īҽ£ԭĪϪ׼ҶɵģĪүϹܼҸ˵а֣ԭܿǴĪұڷѪ¼òϢЩʬˮ֣ĪүѾϹܼȥϵʿǰаլƽ
Īүվڱǰ׵ȴԶԶһʻ¶һ˿е飬ڶʮǰЩԩ˵Ƕ֮ԱǣҲһЩǼ٣ǧĶĿȡ֮
ͣڱǰӳһλ۵ϵʿһСʿһװŻƷֽľл֮ķϹܼҸӸʻλ첽ߵĪүӸǰ
үλӵֻҪһ¾аףԺٲЩණֿ
ϹܼҸʮͽĪңʵݣ˼ҿνĹȰݷְ棬ÿҪȥ׼ǷĪүλҲһЩӱӻֻ
Īүǰֶ̧ϵʿ˸˵ͷˡ
ӷһڣ˸˵ĪʿأұаǷ֮£ͷһ˵֮ԵΪ
ĪүЦ˵֪׼Ҫ׼ЩʲôϽȥð졣
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ǰ˵еģͽȥᣬȽȥȿڲϢһ£׼
ӵЦҡҡͷ˵Ϣںûˮ
Ц˵򵥣ҽ̧ȥ
꣬ʯҵˮ԰һʵľСʿֽϰϸȼ¯ڵ֧㣬һֻڴ󹫼ס˫ȷԣֻ۾ƫͷˣƺ֪
ֳľ첽ߵԣ̧һƽһƷֽϣ˵Ҳ̧֣ʱѾ˼ŷֽϵʿչ۽ֽţдʣͻȻְѽյǰһڴһһӾһ߿⣬ֻĪеаҲһ


566 ˿
аЧҲȥ˵⿴ƾԳƵɡţĪүӺ͸˫۷ڵĪϪٻҲվ̨Ͽýζ
ҲϹߣ˵ϡƽʲôҲˣͨչʾһжʵʵ湦򣬹ƾ־ܴǿŶȣֽƮƮϵʿٲȻħĴʶܶҲ壬Լ֪ǡϡ͡䡱ȥ飬ͻȻһץ󹫼
ܾĴ󹫼޴УмģӿɲǲģὣڼһĨͣһѪð˳ľɱҲһ£ֻ㹻㡣
ĹƴϲͣѪʢ˴ˮУʱѪˮʧѪĹ˷ƤȥӶֶһѪˮдˮ׵ʯңѪˮȥֹ֮
֡ԶһڱʻܿͣĪұǰŴ򿪣Ҷ΢Ц˳һĻһͷһλŮͷһҵĴϴ֫һȣŮһ
Ҷֱߵ԰ˮԣһϵʿͷתĪүӣʵүӣʲô
Īү΢΢һЦ˵˵£ҽиа
аҶֿһ۵ӣʵţваǰһأϵʿͱǿˡ
æ˸Ķ˵ԣửаץʦúܣ֪
ŶҶ¶һĨȻı飬ͻȻתͷĵ˵ţӣʶô
רһ٩¶һ˿ɫתͷϤʱϵɫ˲仯˴磬æľǰĴ˸ס
Ҷʿƶˡ
ҶɵЦŴ˸˵ĸ㲻þûúܰû뵽㻹ửץ֪ץʲôأ
һ죬˵ץǴţа׵ķһǻἸģҶʿͨʲôаҪ˱ᡣ
Ҷüͷ˵Ҳ𣬿˵˵ﵽ׳ʲô¶
˵ĪʿˮгˮΣгʬˣ˵ǰﴳͽȫڼУΪ֣ϵһаױլ
ˮΣʬˮɣҶɵһ䣬ĿɨԶˮأˮѾʯסˮӦѾˣ˵֣ǼһӦþͲڸ
ӵͷ˵ˮξͲö˵ʬⶫˮ½ضߣżܼرĹѨʬϲʳʬȻͷһȺǳٵĹ߾ЩС¡
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ʵ촳ͽǱɱģɣͷ׬ǮҲףȥȥҲá
лҶʿӭʱСƷ㣡
¶һĨ𾪵ı飬Ҷɴ˸׹תȻѾѻ˵ҲйǣȰѸꡣ
ڸеλܸߣôҲ벻λȻҶٹУĪЩʧ䣬֪ʲô£ҶٹЧܸá
ĪүӵһЦ˵վţҲѵһˣѽȥ
Ҷҡͷ˵ˣҽǽСûؼҵģҲ˹¾ͣˣԽ˰ˮʯڵеԺ͡ԭĪҴһӣĪ췢ĹͷԤУڲԶţֻдС뿪Īһָ
Īү˫΢Уͷ˵ðɣȥɣ֮䲻̫͡
Ҷ̧ͷ̨ϵС֣ٻؼңʰöϿ
ˣϾٻӦһת˷䣬˲ʱŸվ˴ǰѾʰ˶Ͼ뿪
ҶְС䣬΢Ц˵Ҫˣүӵɣ
ٻǰЦӯӯ˵үүҸؼˣ
ĪүЦŻ˻˵ȥɣչҲģʱƣүүкö㡣
Ҷ˴˸ƣ˵ϳδ䣬ƽһסб̶ͷ˲չĽڣһϸ˿ǽǽȻһ̴ٵļС


567 溣
ƽ̧һӣǽһУӼб˲ҽУеĺѾһϸĵͣǰ˹Σͼһֱ˿ߣĸͼ֤ϵһˡ
𣡡
һȣеȻ̧ߣֻһ죬һӰΧǽ˹ͨһʯҳС
һϸϸĵͣһ˿ߣȻһ˦ΧǽȱֻС˵Ӱпʵмֱ似
Ī˴ˣµĵˣȼյķֽ˼ѪϼҲ¶ŵı飬Ψһܱ򶨵ľҶɣ첽ߵʯҳԣһץſŵļһ˹
ô㣿
ҶɿһǣǪm؅ߣǰͱԼһأû뵽̵ֱһأһĪұǽ͵϶йŹ֡
ءɲô
Ǳˤ߻أϹһ㹳˿һȦ˸ۣöǶУѾʹľˣ˵ͷһ
Ҷתͷһ̧̣һ
ƽһ˿һأ㹳ȥЩƤ⣬ʹһ
Ҷһվ𣬳ʵ˵ɣǽʲô
ˮԭʯңݹˮ󶼳ʯңˤʯҳвûˣֻǳ˳ʯҵζϵ㹳ȥʹҲ˲٣ƽһ½ŵ飬ɥ˵û뵽˸èǽǾͱסˡ
Ҷʵô֪ˣۣҰλѾ˵ʱһָؿڴ˴˼ףֻҪ˵ٻͰѲĪm؅֮Ū
Ǽ˸£˵ñŵģǽǾζ뿪Ӧûá
Ҷɳʵʲô
¶һ˿εı飬˵ҳҡ᲻ôϵĶ
ҶһЦ˵иıӣҲ׷ˣѣҲҲǿԺ䣬Ȼ̧Ǿֱȥ
·Ҷɸڱβ˸绰ǣһﳤŸȹĺñӣԸץṩ
еһ꾯٣˳ʾ֤һ˱йӴӳһǱйֳָҪһҪˣ
׽Դǰˣڵļ֣˳˳λ޵Ƽܴʱ㱣һȦһ׳Ѫ߰ߣڼڳ˲ٿͷ
ٸ˿ϳֱͷͱǺУˮ·ֻʱ䣬Զ½·Ҫݡ
ʼһԲֵ÷ǳ˳ӣһǰеĿ֣ȴʮӹ⾰ʻۿͷããȥ
ǰ˵⣬ҲˣվѵҷȰһ䣬ýͶףΨһĳ·
̧ͷգһľɵ˵ֻһӣ׾͵ͬڰϾ·ɵΪһô
˵ϵɱ˶ǼĶ磬ǵͬͥѣ㷸˰һûҵҪڿڶһ죬ϣܿ
˵ֻҪƽͺãҲԹ޻ڡ
ȻѾѻ˵ôȰ˵Ҳôҡҡͷǰ׼Ѳưֻٰ˴
أ
һ촫һζ˼£װϵҲƫ˼£м㲻ȵˤڵأаڣɷû뵽һͨˤ򿪵ؿڶͷϣһӣʱѪע
ˡ״һ죬͵бϵ˴֪Ҫˣмܹȥץס˼þȦհѾȦͷϴһǱˮĴ㵹۹һȫ뺣С
Ҳſַת뺣УǺ˼ڿɬĺˮӲ彥ʧȥ֪ͻȻо屻һѸǰȥĵһʶģ塣
ʻеһҿغѣйطнԮȻһ£ʮҾԮ·ѰСʱɳǱˮԱºѰûҵһʬ壬·ԮӵСʱºҲûһλҴټ˷·˼ʧãã֮С


568 
ɫϴ̾Ԯڼ˩ϸ򰶱ߣ¼ҾԮബֻ½溣¹ʺܿ෽ӣϳ˿ʧ¼ڶ²⣬˵˿ǶͺԵҲ˵˿Ǳĳߡ˵硣ûҵʬ֮ǰһжֻ޸ݲ²⡣
ҶɰѻԲѵƽܳԱص˼УСĹڷϼƽ飬ֻ˵λıڣһλһλбһһศɣҪҲ֡
ƽǸ͵գؼ¥ϿͷҹڳһؼԲȲϴļƣҶҲûж˵ʲôڼұСãõİȫ⡣
ϼ̲ͬ·Ѿٻѣݺݺһģܿһֿͷݰӵĳ嶯һ͸Ҷɴ˵ӻŶȿš
һ㣬һҴӱʻ򱱵еĿڱγXXȶXXȺûʮ˿ͼʮԱʧ٣¹ԭڵСһݴϳ˿
ҶɿһϤ֣֪ϵΪɱ˵бץҪͻرУƫƫڰ;˺ѣ˲²Եɣܵ˶ͺͷϵʭӣš
Ϊȳ跨Ū˿֣ôʧ˵ֻСһǿǽʮʻֶײ˷ָ˻Ͼǻ
ҶüŵĻа˼⣬Īұ鿴Ŀ϶׷ŹԼСãܾվǸܵһ뷽跨ץģǰЧʵ̫ԼҪʲôС
ü˼ĵڣһСӱһֻ׾С쵽ǰ
ϼ˵öʯպá
ʯ
Ҷֽӹ˺ӣȻһ뵽һ飬ֻҪſʯԺǸʾ˾ͻ˾̸ѾյţҲʾҪһҵķӡ
ٻͻȻִӴ˺ӣָľİ棬΢Ц˵磬ռʯʲô
Ҷɹƣ˵ʯԸаù
ٻƤͷʯһģԹ֪ҪٲѧУϿ϶Ҫˣɹ
ҶѾСõԹϸԺдʯֵһ̲ϵ𣺰ٽҰٽˮȻռʯ֮ղԶӡ
һ仰˵죬ҶɰʯһѴڴƫͷԷϼ˵Сãҳȥһˡ䣬Ѿӳ⡣
һٽټһٽʽˮʯֹȻõʾָ㣬Ҷ̳ȥðʻС뵽һ⣬ѾϣˮгѾţȥһٽҺһٽˮ
ʱڴֻһ죬ֻһۣ绰¬ģӦ̵䡣
ͨ绰Ͳд¬˷ܵϴ󣬶ˣ͹
Ҷɵ˵ãɣ˵
¬˵ڻĻ֣͵ļһסڻָϱŰ˴ڡ
Ҷ˵ڻֵţҺܿ͵˵Ҷϵ绰ֱ
һҹӪ֣ｻͨǱתվҲв˽Ӫ˹˾µĲֿ⣬ÿ󣬻߻ӣôһ˾ר͵Ĺڻƭƽ˴ºмרڻЩƭթĹ
мƭƽҲûʲô棬صԼѶ˿ȴһһոµĳƱεۻңȻʮ򣬻п֤ͼ׻ϴ
һʺƵм˷ܵһҹû˯Ϊף˼ƿͷｴţԺһ˸ʡ£˯ϡͿͻȻо˱ߣ˼һŷԼ˰סֽŻһͰˮǰվһѧװĶ̷ˣű߷ֻװкƵ䡣
¬ҵмʵһйϵ˵ļ¼صĻˣѰмѶȡ֣ǰϵֵܰ׸ĵ̣ڽһƤ´²ù˼̫࣬ʹֺСܣʰһСӴ´ࡣ
мб䣬ͻȻſڷһƹĸ߿ม


569 
ž¬˦һǶмϣ߿Ľֱӳ˻ȥ˵ٽŲ㣿˵иСϰߣѡŪɸ֣ۡмơ
мշգɶһ۵ϵ䣬һĴУม
žžسмϣһɶǷ˳ȥٲҽˣΪҧͷ
ӣ˹ˡ
һͺЩ١
¬ΪȻ˵˾ˣƤĵ̣ĸƨϴͿˣֵܱ˷ݶ
һʲô˵ڴϵмƫͷ³һѪݺݵ˵СӣƤҲе𣿡
¬һסЦ˵ôţСӸƤе㽻飿
м˵ϲø磬ʶľ͹Թ԰ҷˣұ֤߲ϲ֡
¬Ҳøϻǰһư´ϣ⴫һæ첽߳š
ѾһӸˣԷдʮ϶żһΪ׵Ǹͷӣųż޺һţƤϽɱϲºƤǰ׸£ڰϴڰ״̬Ȳֿܲ飬ҲϽ룬Ƥ¾ۼϰٺƴɱĻӣٲȻѳһ˹
¬ǰƤ˵磬ô˼ǰʶϲ˵ȻҲ
Ƥһ¬¶һ˿ı飬˵٣ʲôˣ
¬ϵ˻˵һѵӱ۵İˣҹûȥϰð͵֣Щ͵թƭĹƲۡ
Ƥһ۶ķţ˵˰ǵģ
¬һĵ˵ͷ˵ûƢҪ㶫鲻ˡ
ƤȻϰٺֵܣҲλǰˣᣬ˼Ǳϡͷһ¬ϴĶӣܽһѾǸԼӡ
뵽¶һĨŭɫݺݵ˵Ϲ۵ĶǸó飬ҪǳҴỹҪ˦Ϲƣǻġ
˵ģڸôǾһˡ
¬ЦЦ˵ҾллˣʱҲˣҾһҪ͸λѡ
ƤЦ˵٣ҪҪɳǡ
¬Ц˵ãǵĳͣڲֿ档˵˸ƣ׼뿪
ϴ󣬲ߣϰĺ
һеӷڴмŴӷڹ˳
ϰ
ƤϵıٿȻһ䣬˫۽¬е䣬ϰһèڻֵĻͷĿ˵һ˵Ĵ⣬һ磬ƫͷʹ˸ɫ
ǰ⿪мϵӣƤǰ
¬ǹһ˿ЦӾҪ뿪˭֪ͱһȺüһĻӵסȥ·Ʋģ֪װϰӲĲŹˡ
磬ĶϴһλѵģҲҴǮҪɱ𷸻롣
¬ҲתͷȥƤ˵Ѿһ˿вζдʮˣѹû
ƤٺٸЦ˵٣ϵĹز˵Ҳּзݣϰĺֵǿֵܵ̾Ǯɣ
¬ͷһЦͻȻתƤ˵Ƥ˰ɣ˵˶ҴģСôأ
Ƥ¶һ˿ɫƴĵϣ˵٣ҲңʱֿĶˮֵǺþöûˣҶ˽̾ǮҲҪġᵽҶƤ￩һ£ԽһԵСܲ΢ϰλҶٴ˵ҲֻǸʮ겻Сᣬ׻˵˫ȭѵ֣СҲûʲôµġ
˵ҲͷϴˣֵҪ̾Ǯȥ
˵ѾǰһڱʻǰϴݣϴЩٶҲġ
Ƥһͣתͷ濪ıһ˿ңûλ˵еҶ٣֪ҶɶԱܶϴоĶ飬ֻҪԷһӷȥַӾСܡ
뵽ͷһûڣ֪ҶٻͲҪʲô̾Ǯˣѳﻢµľ棬ΪһʺֻӲͷƤˡ


570 ϲ
ʻǰҶɴ򿪳˳ôæϴһӡſͨ͹˯£»һ˫Ьģ˭ϵһ
¬һ㶣нٺüһĻӣϴôס棿
ƤҲ㶣ȴڰЦԭϴҶپģͷСģģ⼸СҲϰĺӾҲҪһݡ
Ҷ˫ִ˯´ﲻߵ¬ǰͷһűߵ䣬üͷʵĶڰɣر֤
¬ҡҡͷ˵ûӣӦöڣ˿ϰĶҪյ̾Ǯ
ŶҶüĿɨĻӣ·ŷǵĴڣĿɨһȦվ۽ƤͷϣһЦиӣ֪̾Ǯ˭
ƤǲԼһѻ𣬵˫۴˵Ҷ٣۵ϵõֵģϹôҲҪһɣ
ƨҶĿһݣ˵ڻ͵ߵģʧֶĵ
Ƥ÷˸ۣٺЦҶ٣⻰˵þͲˣҶǵϻģĺȻҲҪյϵĹطɣ˵Ҳģƾʲô
ҶһЦҲʲô·ϣѶģھҪȥбԡ˵겻Ƥת¬˸ƣ˦󲽳ȥ
ƤƫͷСܵ˵ֵǰûСıŪˡ
Сܻĵ˵ͷкһȺӳȥҶɵΧסϴѾ˵ˣֻҪŪоУĬ⼸ŵСӺݺһ١
Ҷͣ½Ųתͷһ¬˵˸ң·ʰ˵ڴ󲽳ǰȥĻӰͲסͷĻӶеĽˮͷ˹
Ҷɲܣƾˮ¼ϣžžصˮͷһճϣʹͬʱһҽˮסѪָвðȾǰ
˶ӶеļһҶɵ͹ӵ¬ҪĿ꣬˫Ѿȭף׼ﻪӵưڿȴһ£ЩһǰǺݺײǿɣѱݺݵɳȥ
ѧԭڴʱõ˳ӡ֤ڷЩîĻͻᱻԶԶɳȥˤڵϲҺ죬Ҳ֮ЩĻֻǱٳǱ
Ҷûºֻ֣ûϰǰĻǵֻ֪ѶˣȺвٺݻһδαһδ˵ǲȥתͷȥͷͻһŭ𣬺Ȼһת˫ƵĳƷ쭰תۼʮӱķɳȥ
ͨˡصĻûһ𣬶Ѿ˫ĿջȥҶûκͣ٣Ľ֮кͱڵأ˴γѾ˽ѵ˼ֻҪ¶ʱڲ𡭡
Ҷݿ࣬ʮڱĹ¾һȺ쳤Ӵ׵ĸзͽͣҶǿƥսȫ߸ͨ˵ֲֿ֪Ĵڻǵˣɵˣмɴඪеļһ˫ϥһ
¬һۣ˴г˾ϲӵɣҶϴ󰡣ܴʲôģ޷սʤĿֲڣԼԹñˡ
Ƥˣ͵˫ŲɵڵصСܣǰϴ˵һ仰˭УǧҶ١ԭΪλҶͷþһƱϴ磬Ƿӣڲ⻰˼Ѿˡ
ҶѾ˼ʮվƤǰʵӣ벻ֺ
Ƥ˿ĭҡҡͷ˵ˣԡȻ°ڰϵɱסᡣ
Ҷ˫΢УĿⲻɨһûһĨ⣬Ͳʵˮ
Ƥһ㵣ͷУǿˮˮࡣ
Ҷ¶һĨϲɫʵûӣң
ƤҶôͻȻʵңС߬˼ģλүʲôʹʲô
Уܶ࣬ҼŲֿһȥ
ܺãʲôھ͸ŪٽҺٽˮסˣҪϲԵġ


571 ˮͷ
׻˵úã̤ЬٴȫѹҶôҲû뵽ҹܳһ˻汻ҵҺˮǲ֪ٽˮܲ
ƤˣԭΪҶٲҲѲƤҲСһڵأû뵽Ľȫ֮⣬Ҷٲûһָͷˬĸ˼󳮣취İٽˮƾڻֵҪС·ǳ򵥣СǵҽҩѾȻе׬ͷڻɳĸо
ٽңٽˮǺϲԵģʵƤҲ֪ӵϲʲôֻܽʾ֭ۺ֪ʶŲˡ
¬һƤװİٽˮװ˳һǰһʻ֣·ȥ
һ·ҶɶڿôİٽʹϹĥ˰뵽һ⣬ҲһֱһС֣ҪʵҲ̫Զڼſڵɳ̲϶Уе˵˼ǰʹƤȻѳͣŵζĵط
ȻҶԺһľסں壬նڵſڲԶĵطֻҪڸһһῴԼļңǾץʱ뵽һ绰ڼʻƤ¬
ӣѳȥҼҳ⣬Ҹ㻻죬Ϳڱ
ϴôѰ˼ôڱ񫣬ٺ٣
ʿ¬Ҷɵĺ棬֪ôϴԼ˳ް˯ͷЦһƤٳ巽ʻȥ
峿Ҷɱһ߿ĺоѣ𴲴򿪴ȥֻƽվɳ̲ϣͷԺ淢һ߿𣬺䣡ըһ޴ˮĽպû뵽һʱ䣬λ쾳߾ܽѧէĽպ𷢻ӳСҶһĽ
ſڴ̨ϿһҶͻȻ뵽һ⣬̲ӦȥбСôźʲô뵽̴¿һ¥ɩڿɨǰʵɩСѧȥô
ɩ̧ͷһۣ˵죬С㲻ѧ͸ȥ
ҶͷڨЦ˵Ҷ˽죬æø׼ˣҴȥԵС˵̧߳ţֱɳ̲
ҶߵǰƽѾתһҾ˵պȻԴĺХҪ˲ֹһƽл˺
Ҷ΢Ц˵˵ҶԼˣԺʲôͦŤɴҽ̣ҶӣзҲݡ
ƽһҡҡͷ˵ҼȼǱӾ;ΪñŤҲһҶپǡ
Ҷ˵Ǻðɣһ£ܿͻȥˣǰһؼ㡣
ƽͦ˵ҶٷԸ˵ʱͷƲס󼤶һպѾǳ޲ϰǱõϣ˵һ£ʮټҲԥĴӦ
Ҷתͷɳ̲ܣûпκˮЦе߹ȥ̵˼䣬ƽ¶һ˿ı飬˵ͷ
ʱ֣űǰԶ·Գһñİ׺ͷý֧ܺͷһһƤϰҵĴӴ㵹װȫƮˮдĴӣһϺ⨺ҵȶˮͷںˮִӳһΣòñס˺ࡣ
ڱС̯㲻ϡ棬ֻҪҵɾУñͷȻЩ˯ͦͦżһ԰Ѷű졣
в·ˮ̯ҵһˮļ۸񣬿ͷǰˮļ۸Ҳߵˣ۽۸һһٿ飬һҲһ٣˹һѵļǮͷҲһʳָҡҡһٿ飬ۡ
һٿһˮֻԴ¿żе˲Żͷ翪ʼ̯̫ɽһˮҲûȥ
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ʱȥͷ֧򣬴ӻȡһֽϸ¿űߺһȣƺܷˮһ˳Ȼ
һֻľзŰɫݿˮ̯ԣǯһֻϼһСȻȥú˵ڶֻôǯ϶һңɲôҲû취϶˼ֻܻȥ


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ˮͷϸеĸֽʱգһ۾ȷֽ̫ϵӬͷСֵȷЩ
ડһỺĽŲԶͻȻͣˮ̯ǰһɫµˣ˫ƺȵˮʪĽӡ
ϰ塭ô
˵ɴ˫۽ǰң˿ĭ˵Ҳü
˲İѸֽô۴һ¶ˣһָҡҡ˵һٿһ
һĨ˲ţѸٴӿڴͳһСƱ£˿ĭ˵һǧ飬Ҫʮ
ǳǳһЦƱڴ˵Լɣû׼ϴ
ϵҳ鴤˼£˵Ҫӣԡδ䣬ѾһſھͿУһӿ£ץһУܿʮҶе˶˵ĺ⣬˵ϣһٿһңԷǴ˷ѡ
¶һ˿Цݣְһңָ⼴ҵ˲䣬һϸĺͻġ
ʮѾˣٳԾ͵üǮ
ͷһ࣬˷νǮԵҡ
¶һĨŭɫֲȣ̧ͷͷҧгݵ˵ҳңҶ㲻
ͷûջغȵ˼˵ҵҪôǾ仰ǮҵĶ
нִժһֱݸͷ˵鲮ֱֵϰˮˡ˵߼ǲһ鲮ˮģⲻı⣬ȫһ޷ܵıܣֱʹ׷ˡ
ͷӹֱ߹˿ڲһ±濴˿Це˵ſƤ԰ɣԱ˲·
ѾʧȥǣץǰҴĴ죬Ѹͣļű¿㣬¶һ鲼ɫëļͻأ˫ָ׶ָףѾ֣ΪצΪС
˻˻˻Զɳ̲ϴ죬ȺӺˮ˳ž޴ɳ̲ǰƶ¹ӳ˸İ׹⣬Ⱥԭں䱱ľĳʹɺڰеɱ¾
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ԱˮѾָǣֻ˸֪ͷͨɫһжǾƵƭ֣ûп־壬ֻȼյŭ
ͷƺû棬ʵԱô׼·ɣ±Ͷ̥ˡ䣬кȻƱǹ㼲üģɱмȳ顣
з˫һ̧滤סţȺһѰ϶ߴָ͸룬һ˫ü֮䡣
ףͷһһ˿ɫպȵǰһͣȼȴһֱ֣һȻܵݽֺ

ͽȻ̧ƣ£ָǯסȼ⣬һֻצݺݿͷǰأȾҪצء
ͷܣһϺȣһǿھƴƾĽ棬֮಻ߣ񱻾޴Уֽһɳȥ
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һӰӶűӳ޷ٶڵͿշе׹˲䣬ӰѾһӵ£ֱ̧һĨڹ˲ᴩ󾱡
꣡һԴ벱Ѿ˼ңͷĲѪӿͬʱء
ҶһֳֽһֻнһСû뿪˫ǰûԴʬ塣
ۣʬϾбųһŰ׹⣬֮ͣͷʬؿڣҶһת׹һֻССԳ̶С˫۽͸
ӵǰƽԳ˵ԭֻϣѹּˮԲҪ
Ҷɷְ꽣УֳСʬ壬ԺлصһԶ
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չۻӳһ߰׹ԳʣСԳ͸һΪ˿Ʈɢ


573 ͽ
һ뿪ͻ֧֮ܿҲ⣬鵶Ŀ֮һնɱȻСһ𣬻̳
Ҷһնɱ֧֮飬ԭѾ嵽ˮ̯ǰĺȺʱɲͣҡͷĴߣһ֮ڱܵʹ³ȥȺĺ޼ܻصҲҪһμޱȵọ́ϣһ·ƽ
ƽһװˮĴάѵϵʬͷ­װ˽ȥڷһԣʵҶ٣ʬҪҪ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ãʬŽĿձȻ˹ǰѾǱűѲһ飬Ҵͷҵһڱڵġ
ǣƽӦһŴӿ첽űҶɴӿڴͳֻͨε绰
꣬绰ͨͲдεͳ
ҶӣǲϢ
ҶЦ˵ԼѾðˣ˹һ£
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׼ȷ׽˻еĲԣ̲סһ䡣
ҶʩʩȻ˵ûʲô˼һСİԼԴŪˣҺĽôӰװ÷˶ű
ˣϽ˹ʬˣûмϵ壿
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һ仰˵꣬ҶͲһ͵͵̾ϢԿ϶ⲻΣ£Ҳ֪λϧʲô
Ҷϵ绰ƽѾӱгҲûȥҵˮֱ̯뿪ֳ
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Ҹ¼ƼųϹϵܲһλֹ˾ְϳ¼Ҳ˳λڳºԶһ裬ʿӴ˲ʬкһθҺʴǮǮһ֤һλ˿͵Ķ
ʬкͨDNA֤ʵǮˣɴ˿ɼϳ˿ͼп˴Ⱥˮ˿ں̵ܶʱڱ̽˶ӣ˲ŻҲʬ塣
ȻǣǿϾ˽⳥ڵĶ½еúܿ죬߼Ҳʵ
ҶնɱͰؼƽͷһϲ̱ؼȥ¥ϿͷŲֱſȵĴ¥ϻֵͷƣ̬
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ɳϵҶǷǷӣЦ˵þͺãؼǸѧģһмҪ鷳㡣
ƽɫһ࣬˵ƾҶɷԸƽȫԸ
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Ҷɵ˵һԾͺãǧҪǿ
ƽɫһ࣬˵Ҷ٣ҲµûӦѾԲߣס˫Ѩλ֮˱Ȼ쾳֮ϣ֮ƣң̤쾳֮а꣬Բа벽֮ң벽Եľȱһɣǿ󲻵á
Ҷüͷʵ֪жʥߣϵһôƽⲻСñѨλǶԷܿ쾳Բ߸߾ߣֻҪܵõһᾡȫȥѰ
ƽЦҡҡͷ˵ʥ߶ҶǸ߷쾳вϰĴڣֲܴģмͻýѵô
ҶƲƲ˵ʲôܴģʥ߲ҲôѲɻ೤һԴ
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Ҷ̾˿˵ΪɣЩ̫ңԶ
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屻죬Ҷ߹ȥ˷ţվһͷˣѾЦ
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ͷϲԭǰҪҶѧ򣬼ͻȻ˵㼱»ȥһˣ˾زТϣʦܽ湦


574 ʯ
Ҷ΢ЦкϲݣվſŤŤǲϽǰûָ߼ӣ²ʦҵĵذ壬ҪʦʲôʦžͲˡ
ϲеͷ˵ʦһǲȥˣմ¹϶͡
ҶɵͷһϵЬӣȻմһĺ࣬΢΢һЦ˵û£˫Ьͺá
ϲϷһ˿ΣڨЦ˵ЬҲУҽͲЬ٣һվˣȥţɤŴ飬˵ʲô
Ҷüͷϵ£Ŷ˵ת첽¥ݣϲͷС߽˷š
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ϲŴŲ˷ţתŹϣһ죬תȥȻһ㶣ʦ֪ʱѾƽڶɳϣվԭش˼ͻȻ´ӿ첽ߵɳǰ˫ϥһ˸ͷ
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Ҷǹһ˿Ц⣬˵ѧû⣬ǵʦڽҹǰһףҳ˼飬Ȱѽϵȫ˲ſʼҹҲͷһͽܣɴ«ưá˵һһļгϲ˻Σǰ¼Ľףøͽȥ¼
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ҶɿҲְѲǰһƣü˵˵ﲻЩҼȻӦͽܾһ㹦򡭡
ƴǵĻ˵һ룬ͻȻֽץסһ˻ָѸٲ𿪻¶龧Ө͸壬ʯղƿ˲ԺͻȻһ쾧
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ϲͷ˵ϵ£˵ʯͷϵǻɽϷţģʯͷ˼Ͳ˼ʮ꣬ϵôˣϲĶΪǺõģȥĴľʲô̶ʯͷţǡݡʯͷΪõĶ
Ҷɻ˻еĲ˵鲻ͨʯͷȷǺöʯͷôСðǸң
ϲЦ˵Ҽҳ˼ţҲûɶöʯͷʲô᲻õģϵ˵ˣղƷʯͷҲֻҪѧ湦֧֡
ҶɵһЦ˵ҿܻܾʯͷû취ܾҶлϵɣʯļ۸ߣ˵ȴҪʯֻһ֪ԺʾܣʯļǮǲýǮġ
ϲЦտʼϵʯͷһͦ⣬ҾⶫȲĴһȥʹ绰ϵĶϲ
һԵƽͽȻʵҶ٣õĿʯ
Ҷüͷ΢ͷ˵ûʯʵһֱռʯⶫ˵Ҫ
ƽһЦ˵кѣҲиղʯãʯʮöҪҼȫ͹ǡ
ļٵģ
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575 Ҷ
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ʯһʯֵԶȲϼƷ֮࣬ƽռʯֻһʱȤʾȥͳѹ׶ȻҶϲͶá
ҶҲͳֻϵƽͽͽϵֻ̣֮˵ʯ͹зöҵġ
ƽӹֻʯĲشϸһ飬ԸȥҲҪʯԸֱӰֻݸҶɣҵ绰ġ
ҶɽӹֻڴվЦ˵ˣҴҸطúôһ٣극ϲӻȥ¼ؼҽС÷ѧ
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Ǳе֮ĵһȻǱˣҵĵطƼŴѾжʮ꣬һֱǱͷ˰󻧣λ󸻺;סڱɽׯһռĶĴ԰ʽɽׯҲһҵ˽סֻеĹͲᵽʲôмݻ
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ƾסƹɽׯ棬ɽׯеߵĵطվڹɽׯȫòʵڻıе˺ܶ࣬ûǮ˲ᳬһƣǮⶫߣҲпϵһ޹ʹֶѡ
ƹ㣬Ʊ˫ңԶһˣ˾Ͳǰһκ¼еΨһҴߣ
ܣˣΨһĶӰ
յѶڽһʱ䣬Ѿͷ׷ܶʲô׵ﶼǿԭµģѶһ˶ˣֻһͷ֧ȥҪΪӱ
̾˿˵ΨһĶӺγڱһĳУ治ȥġ
ҧ˵ǱɱģҲܸ£һҪΪ𡣡
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һʹҡҡͷ˵֪ҿȷɱõѾȥе飬źܿн
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һĨ⣬˵ѾˣһŵΨһĿľΪ𣬲ϧһдۡ
Ƽͷ΢΢һ˵ӵгҶ֪ɱزͨˣ
վɹʱ̫˫Ѿľʣ˼¾Ȼʱһֻ׾Сִӱзתͷһ֪ʱһɴֵŮˡ
Ů˷վӣǰ˵ҲѾ˽˵һͣתͷ֪˵Ĺϵе鲻˵
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Ů˵˵˱оһλԱеõһϢʬⲿȥо֣оͻ𻯣оһⲿŵˣҶ¸Ѳ˸ϵ
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Ůɴ˼£˵ѾҶɸѧУͷͻλԱ˵ⲿڱˣ˵ʬڱл᳡𻯣ݻ᳡˵˻ǰѾһ߸ʬʬϻˮΣҲµûӦǱܶˮѪַǰڱеһޡ
ϵĳ컡ƽʧһվڶ˵մ٣óɱⲿŵˣҲѹֻɱ֮һ䣬Ҫ𣬹һ˰ˮ·뿪ģܰľôˡ
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576 ˭
ƻ˫۽ŶͫʱͨҪһȦԵø񣬵˿ʱȻȻɢһֵϣñ˲ıýžִ
ǸηĸƶӣѪ˿ᶨ⣬˽ƣҲ֪λ޸Ҫʲôλӵ޶ƸĸԼ޲ͬǶʹʧӵĸס
Ƹٶ˲ıʧȥ̳˵ĸӵһͬĳˣǻȥĿضһΪӸ
ãĿ飬ʵҪ𣿡
ϴνҧ´һ촽ðһѪѾоʹҲشֻ˵ͷ
ƶվһԵŮ֣Ů˻ǰ䲻һֻͻһѳɴ¶һųªޱȵĺһϲŧĳŮˣƫƫӵħ˵ġ
Ů˱ܵĺסǰһ̽žһƺݺݳŮϣŧ˼Ѫ˿ĻŧˮһƵȳζڿƮɢ
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Ůȥϵŧˮ˵ѾϵˣļǮܸߣ³֮һ
һ۶˵Ǯ⣬ֻҪҿҾ͸Ҹ˵
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ҶҲǲǰŴӻɽе̵֪һЩ¼λ̫ŸңһǵλȻ̫ϳϼӵŸΪԺգûɽ̫ϳڻ͵ƭ˾ԺֱѸִ°
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ҶȻ忪ģȷһǸ壬ĸ߲٣嶼ԸĳЩָоԼ˭֪ļһһҪûһЩС
ȦĿŲһ壬˵ȱȫתǬıѴһᲹȫ飬޳ɿ湦
ҶƲƲ˵˵ЩǿϵűŤ粻ſͷ֧ƱҲ֪ͼ˵ҲҲ٣Ҷ˵ɣܰʲôռʯô
̾˿˵ᡭȿȣǵ㱻Ҹʱ龰ôΪѸıһ˵ķʽʱҶ˵
Ҷ˵ȻǵãҿºˣС˽ȥӦþºġ
˵ûʵҺܾǰʧȥһؼ壬ɲ֪ʲôʱ򱻷ָ˼ݣֻӵкһּӦ˼ĶͷüɢŲ·ӽ˺Ϊҳ˵Ļḽȫ㣬ʶнҶһ١
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ѹԺҵٱø죬ҲþˣֻҪƽӴһЩرĶͻյʾǰһǸţB
˵ҲΪֻӵкСһǰļ䣬һԿ϶ڱǰЩ֮Ķˣܿһλߡ
ߣҶֻ֪йߺ͸ߣʲôˣ
˵߳Զڹ֮ǰϹʮ׽Ϊߣ۽âաףڡǿݱȡ⡢ȡڤдף졢ࡢ丸ŷ粮ʦ޷Ľзޣ޵ĽеޣĽޣߴбȹ߸ΪأֻǼΪ֪ѡ
˵ΪĹżǰ¶ǷΪ߾Ϲʱ߱ѾڣĹ߾Ϊ龳ĳ˵ǹ֮ת䣬ǧ;ͬ顣
Ҷͷһ´ʶ챨һʱƲסһЩ񻰴˵оֵϹŴ֣ھܽʣŭɽ丸աաû뵽Щ񻰴˵еﶼߣ̫ˣֱﰡ
ˣҲ˵ЩֵֹģղŲ˵Ұ㲹ȫôҸô
Ҷ˦˦ͷ·ЩӰ˵ͷ˦˲٣˵ôҲ״һԼôĶ֪壬Ǹ塣
̾˿˵ȫ鲢ǳϦ֮Ҳ֪屻ָ˼ݣԿ϶ÿһݲ鶼ӵ˶ʶҼ̳Ĳͼ䣬ǿвͬȫֱӵİ취ɣɵһֲһͼ䣬˵ҲĪĺô
Ҷɷ˸˵˵ص㣬ôҵ飿
̾˿˵ҲһܿѾ˲ͬϣִʱȻӦ
ҶѾץıԵ˵˵˵û˵ܲҼ˾ȥһ£һͷأ
һ˵Ǿֻȥˣ鸽϶һͷǳر


578 
֮໥ɣǿɵС֮ǿﾺ棬ʤ̭ĴַͬãһҪҪ׳󣬶Ҫʱֱҷ
ǸָĲ飬һССĲмзмСɫ㲻ǿҲܿʧȥԶȴˣⲻʲô漣ӵǿޱȵҪ󲻿ռʯֻһЧİ취壬һָĲ鶼ӵǿûбָֻĴڣ
Ҷɲɵڿ˵ۺ󲻾뵽һֿܣԼ￪첹ȫûпܽ⿪С˫ȱѨλ
˼룬ĥҶɵõĴǿ϶ģ첹ȫضĴڣǲܽ⿪СñѨλҲпܰԼĹ
Ͽ㸽ϵҲжʱˣӦʱЩ˽⣬һᾡȫ㲹ȫ飬ҲҪЧʸߵ취а
϶ҪңҶɲıȥңſһ취Ѱ飬ɺܼ򵥣в鶼һģ취һС
Ĭӣò˵취һͷնӦÿ̵ʱ顣
ʲôҶɼֱԼĶ䣬˵˵һ飿
˵˵ÿһָĲ鶼ӵжʶпѾҵ벹ȫ飬ҲһȫֱЧķǻɣȻʧȥ˲ǰļ䣬һϴҵľһָĲ顣
Ҷü˼˼룬ͷ˵пܣǰͲ˼Ҷ֣ô
˵Ȼеģһұ㣬һϾͲ뿪
ҶɳʵҪϴļһ͵ڰҵСҲ˽ȥ԰ɣ
Ĭ˼˵ûҾͷ֮ǰҪܶռ쾧ҪһķֻҪɹϴҵĲҲ塣
Ҷüͷ˵鷳һΰѻ˵ô˵һһࡣ˵Ѿûǰ֮Ҳ˵һһϰһʱĲбҪһ¡
첻˵鵶СȴһɱЩҪԸϼԴһɹΪһշĵķȻûҼ̳֪ʶǻۣа˶ִķ
ҶЦЦ˵ˣֱ˵ôܰ鵶ɷ
˶٣˵һЩڷ֪ʶʹ鵶ķ
õǱΪĹ߿Խھʹõıϣһ֦ҲܱΪͬϴ̬һķ߸ԣߣգ񻰹жշɽ«֣֮ЩԿɷ
߷ԱȹߵıҪǿ˲ֹһΣ鵶ϴĶԶһ˺㷨ȻҲﲻİٷ֮һ´һܱһķ
һͨķ򵥵İ취ӵ˵ӡǣҲǴĵһѪ̵ʱڷӡǣǰҶҪÿ鵶ϵѪô˵ɱ壬ȻŨĵطһֳ鵶λã뵶һ΢ϡ
һҶܸӦ鵶Ͼܿʼڶȡ쾻ɳ¯īǡľ֮ϣ鵶¯ԱԴҹԳ¶𡭡鵶пܳΪһķȻ⻹ԶԶģҪƷʺһݵķɱ塣
ɱϿһΪп飬鵶ƷʺЧķͬƶ֣֮пԱȫõɱ⡣
塢顢ߡҶɴʱ˿̱һȫͬĴţ֪ʱҲ뿪Ľ̸Ȼš
鵶һķ첹ȫ飬м޷󣬵ҶбһͷûеļûнԼ˵һˮʮͣҪ֪ͼܶԷ˻顣


579 Ҳ
ҶɾԺһҹϿ֪ĵʶħ֣СҶӴ󱥶һһ캣صţٲȻѳһ޻̸ѣʱţ֪ѵʱ֡
Ҷӣһҹ˲ʱҶռƷʯ⼸鵶ʱһҴȥߡ
һҹ˵Ѿִ˵ҲʼӭҶɵϰߣһһ齻޽١
ҶЦЦ˵ģһȫռʯƷʸߵͶƣϢɡ
ؽʯ飬ʯԴʯ̲гԣԲ̶ͬȱתգʱڵʯĴȺĶֳٰĸƷף䡢ۣƷʯͨģƷÿһ̲صʮʱҶռʯоһƷΪʯÿٻָ˴󲿷
Ҷ˫ۣͷһʯִ󲿷ʯѾ޹⣬вٱ沼ȦȦ״ƣЩʯѾϿͨʯδʯպã뿪Ժȡ鵶ָ⣬ѪڵϣٰѵУԺÿ춼Ҫַ鵶ֻϣܿЩϵĸо
õˮĥһʱҲܳЧҶҪǾܶռʯͼִ鵶ϡвϣ뵽һ취ȥǱͬͲʿæҲջ
Ŵÿ춼ϷУ첻ԲȣʱһԵɭȲϻѹܣȻϷд첻Ǳʺ
ʱŴÿΰ˻һҲ鵽Ϸÿ̨񣬼һȥصͼ̽մ֣Ϸһλ˴ûȣ޵椴ʩչѼԵ߻ض˼Ϸʵĵز
Ϸʵеһ˵ָϷеŮҾһչ˳ϵϷед뵽ʵҼ棬Լɶο˼֮࣬ͨεҲνҴʲôˬ㣬粻ͬÿһҶǹߣϷյĶһеһá
ΰ˶˵Ŵǻȴִ˲ƣżΣ˫˫ɣĻ˵ϷĲĶˣʵмҲֻϰ
ԴϴҶһͽǵĺϷ󣬹оͶһ쵱ͷǱҶײβԾڹ֮У˵һֲ֧ǱӣԱȫߣ쾳ߡ
ڹѾǶ֣쾳߸Ǵ˵ӵǱڹбĿͬʱҲ˲һ־η֮ģΪҲһЩϷȤǱ֮һμֱ̨̨ĨͷüΣƲѣֵǲȱȱдĻᡣ
ǱһսǱͷŴϷл⣬ù˼κ˵Ŀ⣬ܸߵĸʶõŮһ
ŴٵŮϷеǳƽԼһСŵŮúܺÿȫŴϲͣһ飬Ů˶Ŵٿνǰ˳ֵҲΰ˽ȰΣȫ˶Դ硣
ΰ˸ŴٵĽԶҶɣȰҲˣŮ֮Ҳö˵ҲֻЦµķչˡ
ҶɽϷǰһòϷϵͲʿϢȥҲûлӦֻϵǱӳһ˵ԼҪչʯͼϵ飬ԼӢ¥̸
ҶһӢ¥նðϺþһ͵ˣһĻһλͭǮ۵ˣðװ׾ͷȥ̡
к̹Աš
ɽׯŸҶһȻ鴫
ҶЦЦҲ˵ǰѹûʲôɽׯţһȻ˴һ⣬ܸܿʯͬ鵶Ĳйء
һ˵Ҷ٣ŸɽׯˣҪʯͲУҸ֮ǰʶͨǲӵġ
ŸЦ˵ϰ˵Цˣ˵ԲӣҶٵġ
Ҷͷϲȴû¶ϲɫ˵ϰ壬ҪĶ㶼ô
Ÿ΢΢һЦ˵Ҷ٣ɽׯȻ⣬ûĵҪĶЩҲĺö


580 ̸
ҲĺöҶ˫΢УȤŶŸȷλɽׯԼҪĶڲ׶ԷҪʲô֮ǰǲ״
һԵһƺŸӵ˵˵϶ţҽģӻ棿
ŸЦ˵ҶҪĶɽׯУͬĶƷϴв𣬱ȷ˵ʯͷΪ䡢ĸƷףһƷ֮ļ۸ʮٱҲƷ֣֮֮ǰҰѻ˵˱ȽϺá
Ҷϵľƿ˸һЦ˵ϰ壬ȻҷųҪЩͲ㿪ۣҲ̫ῪʵļǮ
ŸЦ˵ɽׯǧأղصĻƷķᣬĶľ֮ⱾׯУҽ̸⻹ѡ
ҶɵһЦƱԶŸ˾˵ⱭҸϰԺˣʲôֱֱȥҲ
Ÿ̶Ʊ˱һ˸ɾһЦƺѡ
Ҷ٣ɽׯƷʯʮöƷʯöƷʯһöṩһöƷʯ䣬쾻ɳʲôׯǧ£īʮöڲľ֮鱾ׯûУҿʼλѣ취
ҶɵͷһЦƿŸƣ޵ɽׯö治٣˵ɣҪȫô׷
ŸƱζ˼£Це˵ȻѾҾͿżɽɣɽׯȱǮ쾳ؼÿһĶҿԸȡ裬쾳ؼж͵ϡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵쾳ؼеˣҲͷϰ쾻ɳһ¯ӣߴ翴
Ÿü۴Ц˵û뵽ҶٶҲȤ쾻ɳ¯û⣬ʱϿҪһЩҪ£͵ϣׯһСС
ҶüͷһЦеʵʰɣ
Ÿ΢΢һͣЦȻʣר͵ϡ
ҶɶƱһ˵ؼһڻʱϷеԭͲˣҸֳ
Ÿ¶һĨڵϲɫЦ˵ˬ죬Ǻ졣˵ٱǰ죬ҶɾٱһںȾоơ
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Ҷɸһ˱ƣ΢Ц˵˳յҪĶлˡ
һٱһһõ˵Ҷ٣ɽׯǣ϶һҲʨӴ󿪿ˣô㶫Ҫ쾳ؼ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵书ѧ쾳ؼҲ㲻ʲôҪѧҿ԰ؼӡһݸĹȥ
ģһϲ֮ɫһɨգ֮ϲɫԭ쾳ߣ쾳ؼҪ
ҶЦ˵Ȼģ˵ַҸĹȥ
һվǰһϥҪҶۼֿ죬һѲסһ첲˵ʲô˵
һһ£һɫ˵Ҷ٣Ҳ֪еߴΪؼĹŻ֮أ쾳ؼǿıֺŻ֮߷ëңһ¡
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һЦЦ˵ҶٻǰѵַңҼ̶һȡؼҲܺͶŸһ棬СӾúܣڶ˼ɡ
Ҷüͷʵʲô˼ɣѲɶϰ廹ڻô
һ˵ͷ˵ɽׯԴʱڣǷǳ⣬̲ѷκһɣŸҲ̸жĽ飬ǰλͨ޵ѣĲܾţ˴򽻵һСΪϡ
Ҷüͷ˵ղŶϰ˵ֵε˹ȡؼӦòɣ
һŵЦЦ˵ҿԶ϶һȡؼ쾳ؼɽׯԾһ׮⣬һĲ£룬ֵε˲Լô
Ҷ̧һģЦ˵˵һûֵε˿϶Լ϶㡣˵ʵַϵʽһǳ˼뿪ߡ
뿪󲻾Ӣ¥һһŮеżСС٣ŮĿΣòû̫ǸˮŮССٵŮѣ


581 ǿԧ
һνżСС٣ڤڤעԵݣֻǰӴ̫٣Ϸ·ħԵСм㱻
ζģָⲦңʳֻб˴Ϸһǣ˳˵ַֻ֣·һֵȴ޷ܣϷеһνǣ֪룬Ҳ֪һ£ԭǲСġ̫һΣˡ
ŴоԼˣϷҵֵ䰮һŮˣκ˵ĿǸʹŮˣһҪԼŮˡ
һλ£ŴֽһԱЦе˵Ϲء
ԱЦЦ˵Եȡ˵ȴû뿪Ϊλÿ춼ŮӢ¥ͺͣÿζһ൱ֵΪСѣϷNPCϷңֵⶫȻǶơ
꣬СѵˣԱл뿪ܿŲ˵衣
豭һڣü΢˵磬ײͬҳԶţԲ𡣡
ŴһЦסһֻ裬˵еĻȥ㣬Ҹַϵʽ
¶һĨݣ˵ԲҲܸ㣬һΣա
ŴΪȻ˵µĶܶ࣬롢ޣǲΣա
һ˿⣬˵һʱ䣬һȥ㡣˵гС֣飬֪νͣΪԼİ˴Σա
Ŵɫһ࣬˵ûµģҵַһ㹻ĳ˵㸸ףͬһ𡣡
ͻȻ¶һĨʧı飬еĲ豭סϣˮϻȻ˫۽ŴһϤӰǸףôˣ
ŴһʱŮɫ죬תͷȥһ۵ˣǷĹŨü絶·ܿ죬ÿһһֳĸо
˾ĸ౱飬ŮͻȻҪԶξͲ˻ɣ֪ŮӼ˽ӴΪñŮĥʱ˹һϷգһڹߵϷҲһ
ǰ౱ʹùϷգҲ֪ڹ飬ֲõԤУŮԶһейأʱ˳ѾõϷգΪľ˽õĽȴЩը˷ΣһɵŮȻһϷĹˣߵ·˽֪ĳ̶ȡ
౱һŵƶߣ޷̣аö⣬һҪҵǸϷиŮĹߣʬΡ
Ŵƫͷһߵǰ౱飬ѵ¶һĨǫѷЦݣ˵ɵϣѾӶ˵òϿһЩǰλŭݵ˺пܾδɸӡ
౱һʵżСС٣
Ŵʵĵ˵ͷ˵ûҸమģ벮ͬһ𡣡
౱鵭һЦ˵ͬһû⣬ҪشҼ⡣
ŴͷϲЦݿ˵ֻҪͬһ𣬱˵⣬ǼټǧҲᾡش𡣡
౱Ц˵ܺãھͿʼˣʲôס
Ŵ˼ĴŴסʡС뵱ȻΪɸЩ׼ͬԼ̸ֻҪԷ
౱˺ü⣬ԷٶﰵҪĻ˶ԼԹñˡ
ܿµ˸׵⣬һʱɷףֹȴѾһŴѾʵ͵ַ˸ס
ŹమģʲôҲһȥ
һ˸׸ǰֻ󣬻βвĳɷݣԼвס
౱ҲسŮŴ˵ҿһⱲǲˣһǲܸŮκζġһ仰˵Ҳʧԭأˡ
ŴôҲû뵽һμɸӻôһƵ˼㣬һԹسͷĪһʹæȥ
ҡҡͷ˵磬ҪˣϷﻹʵ㶼ΨһˡԶ
ݣ˽ȥŴָƺѣǰȴһƬգֹŵ뿪Ϸ


582 
أϷոǵŴ˳ǳ䣬һԲĴߵϹԣ򿪹Ӵƿװͷһƿͷ͹ࡣ
ࡪ
һƿͷܿ챻˸׳죬Ŵ¿ƿִ򿪵ڶƿ࣬䲻̽һֱֻ֣ӰѾƿ˹ȥ
ôϷҲҪĸ۵ǵ۴ˣֵַܷӰ
߾ƿҶɣ뿪ϷϿʼĬдؼĬһСײôһ˵ϷҪǮǮҪˣ治׵׻ʲô벻ģ
Ŵ۵Ҷɣӷó
ҶüͷѾƿǰһ˵ѻ˵ôɶˣ
Ŵץƿ˼ڣ˦˦ͷ˵Ϸ˸ŮѣӲһˣ˻ųҪøС˵𣿡
Ҷһֵӣһͷ˵ƣھ֪˭ڲ֪Ϸ˺ᵶᰮ飬ѹֻƵúƿͷ
Ŵ˸˵֪˭ҲûãǼһŮϵܶҶҪҵ
ҶһͣĴָ˵磬Ҳţģ˼ϷҵŮѣҲˣо仰˵úãں쳤ؾãֻҪӵУٱҲһϷ
Ŵһںƿľƣ˵ƨģֵܾͰ취һ
Ҷ̧ͷʵŮѼɴȥ˴ˡ
ŴһƵҡҡͷ˵֪Ҿ֪ⱲŮˡ
Ҷ˵ˣȰ㻹ôԸɸɱֲҲǿЦ
ŴΪȻ˵£ϴɾӵţ۸ϣһһһ˫ɸһ̵νΡ
Ҷüͷ˵׻˵߲߲ҲϷʱʱ״Ҳһս֮
Ϸ˵Թ棬Ŵʳ淨度棬ֵܵȻҪȰ䡣
Ŵ˵ˣϷҲûʲô˼ӽҾСӵ
Ҷɵͷ˵û⣬ҪĬдؼ
Ŵ˦˦ͷ˵еˣȥ˯һ˯˵Ϣң۵Ĳֹ壬һƣġ
ɽׯܹ߶ͷȫǹʽձȡеȨһдĿˣȨסһλرĿˡ
ȨڴⲯžžŮ˶Ľšٿ㡭˶ҪˡŮ˵ĽͻȻü٣мһͷʱĳƵͺ
ͣ˼룬Ȩ㴰ƮһŮ˵ĽЦ
װģǿ׳û˿Σǵһָо̫ˣ
ŮΣʲôֻ¥Լ
һӥռЦͻȻ𣬽Ŵһ벻Զסĸо
Ů˽Ц˵Ȼ롭㡭
꣡
һŮ˵ĻģӶ㴰ڷɳһ׻壬ڿлһžأһ˫۴ŮˣſŵģȴգΪǱšϣֻʣһ㾱Ƥ֪Ľֿ϶˵ʲôסо֮Ļ
ʲô˵Ҳı䣬ΪȨŮһⶼʬ塣
ν߳ˣװ˿첽ǰ׼õĳѸװŮ˵ʬ̧ȥʣһް߰׵ڹǰƬ̣Ȩţɽׯˣơ
ȨңĺľһƬƵˣɫƤϹһĨЦ⣬ĳɢԺ󣬽ʵһͷ΢΢ͷз·Ż
һƤǰƤ˳ԣ˵ҪĶһᰲȥͷ³֮л
ֲŪһӣһϷʵʵҶСô
üͷ΢΢һš˵ǣ
ָỮӲƤһĻָۣ⾹СҪ
סӣһװһͷ㣬УԺ˾ɷŮ˸ңһšĲӡ
ƺûвϣ˵ãұ֤


583 һ
תһȥڶң绰ϵҶɣѾ˱˵˻ڡ
Ϊ˲ϴεĴҶһѾڻڵȴԶԶͿң˫ֲ˳ˡ
ңһ۾ͿҶɣΣһǰ
Ҷ΢ЦŶ԰ң˵ͷ˵ϰףּˡ治֪ýаңʲôһ˸ϰס
ңǳǳһЦ˵Ҷ٣Υˡ
ҶЦЦ˵ϳѾ˷꣬Ϊӷϴ
ңѹ˵ҶٿλǱԱžɽţŻ۷壬ҽģɽׯ˽׶ӼǺõġ
Ҷ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ܺãһϳ߳Աġ
ǱԱʵ䶼үүģǶߣѾȫϱ֣߼һ쾳ߣųǹˣڶϰپҲʲô۶ӡ
Ҷľǰź˵ĳס˼˶մȣǵ͵ʳߣѼͺͳͳֻԵʱ߲˺ˮһƣƣʳĺþơ
ΪˣҶȻҪ³Ա㣬˴Ҷ͵꣬ù˳³һزˣرԸһҪֲͣõõʳƣˮƱյȵòֺ
һ˼ˮܹٿ飬˺ȵľֱλأ͵ӿŵڻͷһ顣
˳˵ı±ȶãȻز˲ٻ˿ʽζҲ֮ðңߴ񫡣
ƹѲ˹ζҶЦеʵϰףм鲻̫ףǸŸģΪʲôĵҲ㣿
ңһھƣЦ˵Ҷ٣ҪĲ϶йصĶҪһǳ鷳֪ɽׯһղд󲿷ֲϣŸһ۶࣬ٸ׹Ĺ߶ưͿЦǰ׾ᡭ
ŶҶ˫΢УȤʵҲûˣ˵˵㵱ôŸӵ¶
ңһںȸɱоƣ˵ǶγưͿľ
ʮǰңһżȻĻõһѹŽѽϧȱȫ跨ŽһλѸ֪ɽׯ޸бĹֻöԷбܼõĲϣ԰Ѳб޸ҪӦĴۡ
ʹ߶һǿģңҵɽׯŸ޸ŽһǼϣֻмŽõĽɷݲ޸λӼߵ쾳Ȼͬ⣬ѹŽڶϰ壬һƺǳ˳
ŽĲϺܿһĲϼΪѵãɽׯһ飬ʱŸ˵һ飬ֻ޸һŽң֪թʾҪ޸ŽһЭ֮ϰͬʼ޸Ž
ԭⳡײûʲôףңõ޸õĹŽɽׯһʿɹ۵ĳͣԴϲһݺתۣңһλҲõһŲб˪ͬҲҵɽׯ޸õĴ˪ĲϳɷҲ޸Žʱ˵һģһɽׯղһΨһͬ޸ͬ
ңʶԼˣܹȥҶŸۣõĴ𸴺ܼ򵥣޸˪õǲǰģֻһ飬ʱûˣܿܲúյһ˽⣬ң֪һ£ɽׯղصһ飬ʱõʮְ˶֣ΪνǾ̸֣Ŵ̸ּѣִСһ
˵ɽɽׯðңһǰ֮˴Ҷɸɽׯ÷ǳأնŵĻʲôСֶΡ
ϴͲܶ˶ô
˵ǰŻ۷壬ΪǱӵһԱ̲סΪӳ쾳߱ˣˣɽׯʵɶ
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˵ǵžǵĶԶȻ۷ܵɽׯȻթ֮ӣңʱûпԣưͿǳԶˡ
ҶɵһЦ˵ϰȷ˵˼¢⣬֪͵ˣҲҪԹԽܣϰ׵Ҳ˸ѣϰ彻ҪһֲС˵ִȡļд򿪣ļڸһӡõĸֽһļĸֽȡְһļĸֽȡֳݣñڸֽһҳϷдϣպϲᣬ²ᣬִļиһҳֽ


584 ɱէ
պ𡷱ֳ²ᣬϿؼ˵õĽֻؼм仹һţؼеע⣬ϲӰ쵽ĶԣûעؼûɬѶѧ֮ĥĳЩʻ˼Ÿʱʲô۶ӿ϶͵ʴף쾻ɳ¯û֮ǰҲѵؼȥ
ңλǱԱһ¶һ˿΢ЦҶٵκǶ֧֡
㷹Ҷ͵ԭһԱŴ٣ŸҲ࣬кüרϢķ䣬ס˺ѹ
ңǱԱס޼ûҪȫסһ䣬ң˯˳һɾܺ˯
ɽׯúܿ죬ʵǱ˵󲻾ǾѾˣ쾳ؼĽ׷ͬСɣׯŸȻҪԵһĻߣһĴֺУһݵʿһСͷòͨڶ˶ܿ첻Ӱ֣⻹˻׳
Ÿ˱ûмŸҶϵ˼һǼƵ¼ͷŴס£Ȼɳ¾ܶĴҶɵһУƣ֪֪˰սʤսУⳡҲͬá
Ϣ˺ܿҲЩ£ȻڶʱڰҶڱµļ׮һׯŸ㱨
ƴ󣬱ǶׯҶۣλϷͬʱ쾳ߺΪЧ˺أпƾеؼΪĹϷΪãӰϷңӼߵﲻĸԸһСʹСռָֻʹδ˽ӡ
ŸѾ˼ƽϣϵҶ׵ص㣬ܿȷ˽׵ص㣬ɽׯкܶ࣬ڼĵʹۻȡߵĻر
ҶѡĽ׵صһһƬأǰĳز˾ľȡõأմõػ˾ʽͳ˴⣬ڻǷһ񹤵ѪǮúؾͻջ¾꣬ƽʱǸ׵ĺõط
һС꣬ƤŢݵĵ·ϻʻ¼ĳӡӣо˲Ѳµװ
Ƥͣ˹ڴӳˣһֺУһݵʿһͭǹСͷ
Ÿ򿪳Ż³һۿյĹüͷѾѻˣջ˻ûֻӵȥ
ת۴ͷȥȻҶɵӰӣŸüѾšһĴ֣ɽׯڹλȻׯͻŴջӭϱɵȵĵ
ֺƺЩͷˣ̧һ٣˵ׯڹɽׯѿ׮ⲻҲա
Ÿҡҡͷ˵һҲǽ·ϵˣҴ绰ȥʡһֱûд绰ȥѯʣЩˣԥһ´ӿڴͳֻͨҶɵ绰
ͲдһӺϳŮԲûѹػ
ػˣŸеˣôҲ벻ԷȻػа˼⣬ѵǸҶСӲ׼ô
˼䣬һתͷȥһɫ󿨳ٳʻӿһͣƤԣŴ򿪣һ๫İˣҶɣղ治ػֵֻܹزɽׯ˵һǹģΪǸԷһѶϢöԷ֪ϲš
ݳӰԾʱ뾪˵һ£˫վһĺߣϵıһࡣ
ŸһͣѩɽʦүңλѾõ쾳߸վһȻʻҵʸûУҲһ˿ɫ
Ҷɿ첽ߵŸǰЦеĴ˸˵˼·϶³øλõˡ
ŸǳǳһЦ˵Ҷ٣˱ϷмģᣬҲǸյá
Ҷ΢Ц˵ϰ壬ؼҶˣɣ˻еĹİǿһؼ
ŸûеﲡƶƤһЦ˵ˬ죬ڳϣҽ˰ҿԱ֤Щ϶Ƕһ޶ĺö
ҶɵһЦ˵ǲǺö֪˰Ѷơ
ಡ
ƿХȻ㺮Ҷ˫Ŀ


585 ħ
ɱͻ֣ҶĿһݽ¼ܹ㺮⣬ȻյĺߴתЮƾ˲ϢŸһ̫죬ϰ岻ܣֺȻָ̧ź֮侹Ϯĺץڡ
Ҷע⵽ϰϲ֪ʱһֻ˿ףϵķⲻͣסİɡ
һͭǹͻ̹ͷڶŸǰ𣬶ϰţҶɺĿǰŲ̴̵ĽСÿһСһϸϸ˿ǹ˿һλòͨСͷν˲ò࣬񲻿ɳòΪ֡
ͷޱ̧ǹһԣ˿߶ʱϳأͬһ˲䣬һɮһͬʱһʱǿȷ͵Ϯ߾Ͳ档
¡˵ǰﶥһ죬һӰڰһ۾ӥհ㼲ӶУٿȻڣ˫ָһ䵶Ҷɶš
ؽĶɱ֣ħҪɱ˴ӲںжֹҶɵԴֻǼĴڲϣҪȡʱȡ
Ҷûܣ̧ͷ۶Ͽ־ɫһԿһȣ
һǿ׵ھƴƽؾ׹ڣֶ˫öһ٣Ⱪ䣬һ£ħ²֪ʹ˶ѪҲ⣬ۿܰҶСնڵ¡

˫һȼסǣңͦ񣬽ͣͷ𣬳ӳǧѤ⣬ഩ̣ݺ¾ӲѶȿɡ
ֻأǱԱֱϣеȫɱңгˡһ̼仯һӵƥٿȻţһ·нвϱ任Ƕȣ޴ĥ֮һѩ蹴ꡣ
˫ɨûһƬâͺϼۣǺ̵صĳ񿪣ȴϴӽϴһ˫һ飬书ңֻڲ֮䣬ŶɱҲҪǧܾ֮ʤ߼˫ʵƽбȥֻʱ⡣
ħôӣŸһڽг˶Էҧ̧һָսȦȵϣңⲻ֪Ķ
СͷҲӦǹһϣ̹ͷѨȻǰ¶书ȴǲ۲۵쾳ߣԶһʱȵֻм֮ûл֮
ҶüͷһšƫͷŶŸʵ
ŸһͷϵķҲŶһһ϶˵ûǿħһʦͽҲţΪô
δ䣬ԵҶѾսȦв֪ʱһͨڵƴ󿪴вҪѹſţǸݣԭѾƣӦˣ类ңһУʱѪעûӽ˵ʹлϥǺ׶Ѩͷ̹УʹһֽħƷְ迪ģĻǧ·гɰǧħͬʱ˷ݺᴩֵ̣ӰЮźХǰɱһͨ·һӳ졣
εģ߲ˡ
ҶѾһƵ棬ʹƺѾ˵棬ϸ֮²Żᷢһ׵Ŀ϶
һүɱ߱ʱ˿̵ҶֻһͷɱɱɱɱһĨĺڽ·ΧĿҲ֮ٽ¡
ƺ֪ҶСѾ˼ɱеԼûʱԥûӳȥпٶȱΧû˿ԥǰһ壬ħ쭷ҶɨҶɣȥΨһİ취նɱҶСٽӶݡ
ɱһףҶɲѪ˿˫۶ͫףǳǳ߱þûˣ֪û
ۼѾ嵽ǰħְ뻡ɨҶͷﻹһͷһܴ˵ͷ
߱ꡭ
һһ٣꽣̧ӳ۵ɱ·˲ҵйڣ̼仯һצͳǰ
Ǻॡ
֮𵴶ĤҶɲ˺üſסӣʱѾȫоֱ۵Ĵڣ֪꽣УӲ쾳ûȱѪѾ൱ˡ
߱ȥǸҶСӣն쾳ǰһ͹ǱԱҲϴЭһɮһҲڶϰʾ˶ߣսȦ̰ѹôֻʱ⡣
ǿ˼غϣһƣһӿѪӥһĨ֮ɫҪ뱣סֻԲ湦ˡ


586 ħĩ·
˻ң񽣶һ磬֮仯ٵ彻˿Ϣ䣬ʱͷһûͭǹȵæң۴һʹƺһӵ񵲣ȴ˸գͷȥ䱻ͳһѴСĿʱѪעȥŲ˰оͻɥ
ȻſڷһҺ̧죬ֻÿһ죬۾ǰɳվһĴУֱ۷΢΢һͣ֫ǰߴͻȻһһѪɢ䡣
⧲֮´մ⣬ͣһƽ̴ðϺƱǿʴҺУ˲ʴĴָССӣʹһֽߡ
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ֻüһϵСӼת۹Ѿʴ˰ƴһ飬¶ɭɭǡ
Ѹٷתڶϱü£һԾ𣬷һƮɵӰնеϢ׵ĳȥ
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ҶսȦ⿴Уħϱ۳ɶֶľħӴ̽׷׷ʮ׶ͻȻһǹ죬磡һӵٿпħ󱳣ͷһġ
ѽ
һʹ׹£Ѫģһƴ˲ᣬټӶϱ֮˻Ѽɣӵ׼ȷ˼ǣô׺Ҳ֧ţͨһ˼Ҳ޷վ
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ҶɳֽƫƫϸһѪۣ˵ҲԷֺ֣ܶҲ˷ˣ˵ٿʹ㡣
ϵƤҳ鴤˼£ҧ˵˵Щûõģбھɱӡ
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¶һ˿Ц˵϶ƾݰҲʦôɣүүһʹ졣
ͷͭǹһ̧һԾص˶Ÿԣ˼䣬Ҷɸ̫Զ˵ЩʲôǸжĴѾ˵ϣӳ鴤˼¼Ȼ
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һȾն䣬ѪӿȪ˿ð˳ʿָ˿Χ˼£ѪʱûˣСͷóһӵǰѸٰʿ˿ڡ
Ц˵һҲûãѪҺɢȫͻȫá˵һͻȻһҽУһ첲ѾնϣӿѪȾµĵ档
Ҷ̧꽣˵Ϊ˷ֹʲô󷨣ɴһ첲ˣʶľ͸˭ģһͻ䣬ֱһ꽣ɲⶫȻںڰҲͻ
˫ʧ˿ڲܼʱֹѪܿҪ治ǰɡ޼ˡ
ãҸ㣬ҪӦһ
ҶᶯѾϣֻλõ쾳Զʧȥ˵
ƣ˺ܷıɱ㣬ҴӦյԴ
ѾͷֱӽĻʹܿҪˣûҪΪκܡ
ҶɵһЦת԰ңִ˵ϰףֹѪ÷书
ǣңӦһӵԣָ˿Χص˼£ָ£˲
žһ죬Ҳ˼£ԹŰңò˵հ׵ģүүˣһ
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Ҷɷתһģϣʱιȥ׷ҪһԻա
Ÿ󻺲ߵǰһ˵Ҷ٣˴ɽׯʧأи֮룬֪ɷֽҴȥã


587 
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Ҷɲ˵ϰ壬ҶԹׯʧźҲܽߣһҪڳĻʹǸ
Ÿ¶һ˿ɫ˵Ҷ٣ׯΪ˰ʧ֣ǶԱׯԼֵԶڴ˴ν֮ϡ
Ҷüͷʵϰ壬ղŵҲˣҪɱĲֹһڳ˶ϮɱĿ꣬ѵ㲻ץĻʹô
Ÿһ˼⣬˵ħ⣬´ڣҶҪҳĻʹҲ֮У˿£ҵĻʹصһʱ֪ͨĳɽׯҪֻġ֪ҶɲϽħҲֻ᱾Σһ뵽ħֵĻʹֵҲǷǳɹ۵ġ
Ҷһĵͷ˵һΪջɣ
Ÿûٶ˵ʲôҶƤԱߣԸ˰ѲϰڷźãվһԵȶԷ
лﶼôľװţĸ䣬ʯīöӨǡ׵û۵
Ҷǰץһī˵࣬ԺеϿ
īֻͨɫ̫֮࣬ʮһ鵶㹻
ϿڶҶͷϲϿҲ¶ϰʲô۶ӡüͷīŻУ˵ī̫࣬ʮֻʣʮ֮һɣ
Ÿɫ΢΢һ䣬ָֻܿ˳̬ڨڨһЦ˵ҶмңЩīǱׯ˺ܾõĶٶҲûˡ
Ҷҡҡͷߵһԣץ׻ϸϸ鿴
ִһҲˡ
ϿܸʾŸȻͨдɵȻӦǾ׻̲顣
žžžҶɰֱӶڵϣļУͰ˳תͷԶŸǳǳһЦ˵ϰ壬ͷӲֵǮˣЩȥׯС޴ȦȦʲôģܺǿġ
ŸϵЦȻһ˵߼٣ׯҲǴģеġ
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ҶüͷǷŻУվŶŸּ̾õ˺öҲֵܱ̫ԣԼ뱻
Ÿ¶һ˿ŵ飬ʵҶ٣öǿǴǧɣʵ֪֮٣ҲԲ׼ϴǲƷ
Ҷҡͷ̾˿˵˵ɽׯ࣬ⶫٵļٴεĴΣϰ壬òǹŪҰɣ
ŸЦ˵Ҷ˵ЦˣҪЩίʵףҿ˵ɽׯһóϣȿʯ
Ҷüͷǰߵһľǰ˫ʯ滺ʯʮöƷʯöƷʯһöףôмʯͷ˵ʱѾָʯһԣתͷŶŸ¶һĨɫ
ŸͷѾðһϸܵĺ飬еϹӳԲʯͷַŽȥģģȶʯͬС죬ԭΪλҶٶЩϵʶǸͰˮû뵽м֡
Ҷ٣ʯƷʲӲ룬ʵҪֱ沢ס
ôҽ쵹ǧɽׯʲôѴ
Ҷվýżðʯϴһ˿ϷʵЦݡ
Ÿ̧ĨһѶͷϵĺ飬˵ǧյĶҲ̫࣬յһЩĶʵ뵽ܻ׼һЩС֤ɽׯĳ⡣
Ҷüͷ˵˵Сǲг͵Ĵͷô
ĲгиĵĹأⷷǰ˵ҪһͻһСͣȻ˲ϲ鶫Ҳֻܽܣͽдͷ
ŸٺһЦԳһʹ˸ɫתӳһСľҶɸǰһȷƮܿע˹
ľװһȭͷСĹŲٹſСֺͼΪԶĹϵѾԱϣƷ໹ûȱ
ҶƲסͷĺָմͻȻϿ壡Ǿ塭


588 ɱֵ
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һ˲Żߵ죬ʱⶫѾ˼ߣŸ֪ҶҪĲ϶йأΪ˻쾳ؼС˴ͷ
Ҷҡ˼£Ȼû죬תһ۲ŷû촸û촸ҡֳҲܷ졣
ǸһҡҶɵ˵һ䣬Żľ䣬ƫͷŶŸ˵ĵ쾻ɳ¯ӣؼȸ㣬ϣ¯Ӳ͵ϡ
Ÿ¶һĨϲɫ˷ܵĴ˵ģ¯һԼලȡ͹
ҶֱȡؼֳݸŸ󣬵˵һ٣ȻѶҰϳ
Ÿ˫ֽӹؼͷʹ˸ɫ̰ؼ˹ȥ쾳鿴ؼΪס
ͷӹؼϸ˫۶ʱҳٶȷǳǺ޲ðӲ
ҶɵһЦ˵㷭㣬ƻ˶ˡ
ŸڨڨһЦ˵ԷһͿˣ˻ȥ
ǣͷӦһҳٶȼӿֽŻ죬ͷü٣ܿؼԷһ飬ؼһ˵ׯ쾳ؼûżѧЩɬѶĵطҪЩʱϸĥ
ŸüͷʵҶ٣˵ؼôԺΪĸؼӦѧͷ˵ֻѧһơ
ҶɵһЦ˵һؼΪᣬȻҲҪֳ˵ʵؼЩһое㲻㣬Ҫǲ뻻ˣ׻˵
ŸһתæЦ˵ǰˣ˰ѲϸϳƷϡĲҲʧȥãؼͬһ쾳ؼԴȥɽׯʵûвĵ
Ҷ̧ӣŸ˵ðɣ쾻ɳ¯һҪ͹졣
Ÿ˴˸ƣ̰вװ˿
Ҷһץ˻˵Ҹ촸ڴͷʱ仹ôô򡣡
ŸЦ˵ģɽׯһȫԸ쾻ɳ¯깤
Ҷɴ˸֣Ц˵Ҿȸˣлһ˵ת뿪Ѿװ˿ҲûҪ
صŴŸκӴӳĺһNɪ˵Һøһ֧ѣҪȻ͸Ǽһˡ
һǹǵľŴ٣֧ǲǰǮ˽װѿǴ׵С
ҶһץӴ򿪣ȡ飬Ц˵öȥҰȥ
ŴƳһ۰ңǱԱѹ˵Ҷӣ顣
ҶɷѳЦЦ˵ҴǱӰŮ԰ɣѾµԼʲôֵһ϶ҪæģڻиҪҪ죬֮ǰѿħΣܳĻʹ
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Ҷһۣûʵſڱտھˣ֪ô
ŴһãȻҡҡͷ˵֪ѵа취ӶǾˣνңѾʧȥӦежϡ
ҶɿЦ˵취ģãɸɱ㣬ʱסɱһʾ֪ˡ
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ǱԱſڣһͻȻһԾ⣬Ҷһӳ⡣
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593 Ѱ
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ءͷɸ㶶ҶɺĿڹһѪǣ˿ڵϡ


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Ҷɻ͵һ𣬻ڳӲ෭˲䱧ײƳ˳˫תͷһ۳ͷرεĺγת巽ȥѾ˲飬Ժֻһͷϻȥϻȥ
Ƶ磬ɣ̶̲һ·ȴ·һľ룬ǰǱǰɳ̲еҶͻȻɲͣ˽Ų·ִ꽣ƺŵһ˿Ѫζ
Ҿǰ棬ȴڵģҶսҧҧ첽߽˷š
Ҳɳ輸ƷӻиȭͷСĿȻﲻǰйһذ̲ĿѪõ֤
ٻɩҶɳɤӴ첽¥ݣСţķžȻ淴˵һ߿š
ҶɷҲƵĳ뷿䣬ס߹šϴּ䡭嵽Ʈǰ˲ʯ˫ֱŴ򿪵ĺϽ𴰣̨ϴһȣһɫеȡ
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Ҷһ嵽ƮǰһץеȣԾ⣬ǻ԰вҵĽӡ˳Žӡһ·׷ȥ˻԰һǱʧȥټ
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ҶɸҧʵңҪҵƣ
ϿҪҵ㣬ץסļĿҲΪֻбһӦ
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ϿУȡԣ쾧öþָܻ
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캬סʯƣ˫Ȼһܸܵʯϲϴ͵һ˶վ
ҶԺһḧȮͷ˵棬ܰһһҵٻ԰ɣ
ﺬʯؽҡųǰſӻûָ
Ҷ̾˿ִӹҼϿٳʯŵԣ˵ſʯˣȥٻ˵귴ֽ꽣ʣ׼뿪

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Ҷ¶һĨԵϲɫӿ첽׷ȥ
Ŀʯƺָ˲ܼͻͷ鼸±ӣǰϼܶҶɶɸϣһһȮܿܳ˺壬ɳ̲һ·ǰУ֪˶Զ̫ǰһֵĴ͸ۿڡ
ҶüͷǱĶó׸ۿڣҹܻ᲻ԶǰΣҲвԱȥҹܻ֣ѲСͬϼ˴
ͣͷڵᣬͻȻƫͷҶɵͷȳһͣڸۿڵĴȥҶ룬Ҳ˹ȥ
ءڴ󴬶ͣˣ̧ͷԴֽлۿʮԶš
ҶȮһ۶Ļ֣˵ٻڴϣ
˵Ļ̧ͷ͵ͷͽҶɲٳɣ˼һܰοնӺ׷ɵĵͶ֣һ̣˫Ѿڼװϡ
˼£ͷڼװһᣬȻͷһ̧ǰһżװȥ
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595 Ʊ
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һȺֵİˣԼʮвٴĺʵһĿİˣĻЩ
Ҷûİˣֱװ䣬Ŵ򿪵˲䣬һȷһͫмٷŴ󣬾ˣһӰֱš

Ҷֱ̧꽣תȼסͬһʱ䣬͵Ϯߵ͵ϮһӢʽ۾װľỪˡ
һ񣬻óݺύ˿ҡҷ֮Ѹֲӣֿףֱֽ䣬˿ͷ·ͽü۰򣬸֪һ
ҶĿһݲ˷βɨ̼佫˿ɨһգһѾ˾࣬꽣ƥ䣬ʱУɱе顣
ƺ֪Ƚѳˣֻһ죬ѱɨУĻ𻨡
Ҷһе֣꽣һ켲𣬽ЮһƿХ򦣬һѾܹõһݣƱѸ硣
ɱһͻȻӼװڴͬһʱ׳һֳ˫д󸫴ɨҶ˫ϥһ˶һذףֱȡš
Ҷɽһ˲ǰߣذ״󸫾˿մ꽣ȥƲ䣬Ľ˾°͡
˷Ӧν죬ڹͷһܹ棬ϧԳһ꽣°һƤȥһ顣
ſһҽУѪע°ͳˣ֪Ѿ˵װأһ̤ȥ
ֳ˫д󸫵ĺ˫۷죬һ˫ֻӶһذ׵ĺӽһҧͻȻתװ䣬ʵ̫ǿֲֻöԷ˼ɡ
ҶɽһκӰƹָ׳Ʈװ䣬ת۹Ѿ׷ϰǰĺӣֱһ񽣷ֱָԷ󱳡
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꽣͸׳󱳴ǰ͸һ̴Ļ࣬׳̼Ѿ͸
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ʱҶɿŮ˵Ȼǹɩװڳ˹ɩûˡ
ȥһȴҶɵ˼ԺһɷͷҲطһӭֻǺһһɱʹС
Ҷɻתָ׳ڼװϣһͺͺĸͷѱϣʱƫűϣѹֻʹСС
˵
꽣ֱӼ׳ϣת󣬷ƥĽֲһѪۡ
׳˫ѪĽѾӣ˵Ҳ֪ץģֻء
վڼװϵİȫˣǶһϵˮִԱϼװװżˣȻ֪ʲô飬ǶԼӦòͽȥǸĿİȻȡֻͨ˱绰
Ҷʵ˭
׳ֻǮµС˼ȻʲôؿƿĴ£˿ĭ˵ֻڵģ˵ҪӦɱҡ
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˵ȰѽŲ˵˰ɣ
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׳ӣ֪Ķ˸Ͳӣа
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596 ѩū
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ɩ˵Ҷɲڣͣת˲ûжĨѯҶɵȥⷴľٶþԼߵĹɩɣʲôû˵׼Ϸţû뵽ͻȻֵסţɩת¥ϵٻͷϼ
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ҶɩľƽаǸƱļһ֧ӱƣܵ϶ұ𣬷ϼɩʾٻߣп鼱֮¶һеȣѾȥ˼Сʱûбץأûбץȥ
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ɩͷһ󲻰һʬ壬̲סһ䡣
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ܹⶨٹŲŸȥӳ㡣
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ֿܹⶨһȺ̾˼װ壬ҶɲŹɩӼװ˳һҡͷβĴڹ
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Ҷתͷһۼװ䣬һ˵һҴе˽˽⻹Ӱܺıɱи˺һӵĻˣӦÿԴӻʵһЩõĶ
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ܹⶨ̴ӿڴͳԿ׵˹Ц˵ƺβĶߣֻȥã绰ҹȥȡͺá˵걨һ绰롣
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Ҷɿѹɩ͵ʰҽԺֱҵŽڰסԺˣհźһнӵһϲѵĵ绰
绰ĪϪģһϢٻͷϼڵĪұе绰˵ʱϹȥһˡ
Ҷ̿ϾϸĪұ֪СڵҲ࣬ץסƱ֮ǰһҪȫСá
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ϼһƽҡҡͷ˵û£ûҶ֮ǰҲκζҲ뿪ҵ֮⣬ֻ˵Ǹ


597 ı
ڱӷϼúܿģҶһ㣬ҶûаԼѩūݸκˣϣǶ飬ֵȥ
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ſſڣǰצһʯͷҧѾȫָø칤ʹһȦǻҲͻͽȻһλС˲δȿʯͻ뿪Ҫļһ︶ۡ


598 Ȯʨ
ꡪһʯĥĥצվԾ⣬ܿʧããҹĻ֮С
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ƱûпƣֻһǰסķһǰʶԺƺиƬϵףʲҪѪԵϵҪ棬еĶܾúܾǰעˣ׺ֵܡ
ױɱӵһҪΪױ쾭顣ƱŸǰƬ쳣ƽĸף֧ֽбƣǸ׵ĵӣƢ绸ڶѾҵȴѶ
еĶڤڤƺעƱ֪Լһ壬º󲻾þ֪ˣ˵ǻۣӵнĳɾͣԭΪԼһ壬ֱ˴ˣӵеһжӦԼˣԼļ䣬ӡĥĶضʱͻѣγɲΥ־
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ܣҶСѾصʮ˺űʲôʱȥ
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Ʊһ˼˵ɣͨ˯ʱ򣬶ˣǶڰɣǶڣֲ鲻׼롣
Ц˵¥£ƺΪʲôҪԸһ޹صİˣѾ˵ȥҾòָһ֡
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ǱʲôҧģһҧϺܣٶȷǳ졭
Ʊܿʬҳɵ㣬ǶǱҧָвĶëӦǰ˫ֺץһЩɫë
˵Ҳµҧ˵Ķʲôܿǽ챻Ƕ߷ɵĺڹһĳطǡ
Ʊվ˵ǶҲãܸʡȥЩֽţⶫܿǳģҪС
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ĲҽһѪڵأӺƱǹȰŤ¼ȻѾʹ˹ȥ
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599 Ʒ
˫ذƱΪױɱﵣԭΪֵһذ׾ܺɱҶСΪû뵽һĴڹͻȻ˲÷飬ȷڹ϶ǱǶһ߳пݡ
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ãҲڹϮƱ̾һֵܣҲĿ˵ӣӿڴͳһ֧װīҺָᵯ˼£ͷ˺󴦡
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ʱܿȥ˰ͷ漣㳤һֻƣƤۺ죬ָûָףֻԴڻ״̬
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ӤѪޱ𡢱ƳݡŭʯذƷ鵶һܴƷʡ
Ҷɻ˻ذףû˵ʲôƷܰ뷨ôԸ׼ܺӡ
˵ⷨǱִղѾһ˷ҲռϷ硣
ʲôҶһͣһѾס澱Ƥֱʵղǲҵˣļһ
֫ؽлͷɱžƤû취Ѷȶ
Ҷ̰£˵Сܳȥͷ˻ǲĵطӦﲻԶŶԡ
ؽ˵ͷ̧һֻǰצᴥһеذףؽ


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ҶɿЦȮͷ̾һ˵С˻ҹȥûչСãľᡣ
ﲻԶƷһƵ£һҪӱСġ
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ƤԾӺͷӹ˫һ쵲ǰת˵϶ΪױҪǸ⻹һߣԶλֵ֮ϡ
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ƫͷźǰצһ﷢ɸҶ类㼲ʹ󣬶̶̼ͱһͷ߳׵;ޣƤ죬Ƭ޳ᡣ
ˣղŵĺݾʱɢ֫Ҳûսʤǰľޣοڶһ첲
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Ƥһŵŵߣ̵һӨĹкҶͷɱУ֣˫֣귶ΧһнǸ֣ȴۿֻۣס֣һá
ҶɵһЦһ˲һƥڹӭŵͷкĹȥԽһԵ˫ϯأ꾡ɢµһѪꡣ

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ҶȻһƺĨƤָһıС鵶
ʯ˲䣬һﺮƤ䣬ֻöһ죬Ҫĵ浲
ףҶһ˿ɫһյذ׵ס鵶ذûգȴ·йεǣշС
ಣذһ鵶Կ쵽ŵٶȷҶɺᣬһ룬ذһͣ᲻紦
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Ʊ˵ģˡδ䣬ذ׷·԰һתɲǼѾƵҶذ΢΢һֱۣ
ҶĿһݣճƱݣֻҪɱذʧȥá
ƱĵҲһ÷ͽ޹һҧѪָȫ߶ಡذһذ·˲ͿһĨѪ죬缲ӰҶɺ󱳣һѾ߶˼£һǧʯҲ˲䶴
Ҷ죬һӿߣ۷ǰһ˦鵶һ貺ֱƱüġ
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602 ϣ
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ƤһƱϣ׼ֵɢǧһ벻طվҪȪڽʯеĺ˫ĿԲͫ׽Ŵ
Ҷذǿʹֽǰȥʬʹ޵ĳƤͻȻתͷһ˫Թ۾ʵ㵽˭
Ҷǰ˼̧ýסƤ˵ɱ֧
ƤϵıٿȻһ䣬˵Ҷɣ
Ҷûлشֱٿǰ죬͸ƤᣬһںһԵʴȾǶԼ̣Ĵ

Զһ״̬ʯеʬԣҶɻʣִƱʬüİγ鵶ȫû­ǣȻûմѪ
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ҥڻűûҪլõĴҲûɣΪû˸ҽȥ
ʱ֣ɳֱȥͣʬ䣬ʬ˾ɱС˶طǻˣ֪ͨ߼ǰǻңжΪԻ͵
ҶɸûʱٹעЩ飬յһĴһ¯¯쾻ɳɣʵϣֻҪյ̲زľ֮ĺɾͿԶִ鵶Դζ鵶һķָһƵ磬в鵶̫С꽣ֻܲŽȥǲһţBֱСĸţţB졣
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603 
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¯ʱ˳⣬ҶɸСһȥѧУ˵鴿ĥʱ䣬ڷϼ֮ǰСôһ
ʱܿȥһݣŹɩͬϼȺ󿵸ԺҶҲ˸ʱ䣬һգ˹˾ԣ
һ˶ߣװţȻճ;ɿȥʻҶյȲĳ嵽ǰȥڣģ˷ָصط꣬޲ϴȥúһ
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ٹɽ߶嵱һսҫԵ˺ܶ࣬϶ȴ֮٣߷鶥ѩأʯҲһ㲻ʵշвͻᶪСʵһֻź
֮ɽһ֧ԶӣԶõɽµ⣬Ͳ󣬹ȴ쳣׳ıİصĶѱԶǰ׼Ԧ
ƥһʵľ峵ɽ·ϻǰУƥżҶɺͼԷһУɽ·巽ԼôСʱ⾰ǰһƬʯ̲ǰٶȶʱ
һĶʵԷ˵ҶǿƬʯ̲Ϣһ³Ե㶫ҪˣҪǰӡ֧ԶӵͷɽǳϤԶ򵼶ʡˡ
Ҷɵʵʲôر𣿡
˵ӲرΣգ澭Ұ޶߳ûܶ˵϶ҽӣȥͳˡ
ҶҲû⣬ͷ˵û⣬ġ
תԴҴ˸ƣͣιԶиĵĹأιٳԷֻչ˺ǲɻ
֮Ҷ˳ֵ׼ֵɽߺҰƷ׼˲٣ڱѩҲܳһʱ䣬Ū˼һЩ߿Ƽ湤ߣоһͶǹһ̫ܵ
ҰûʲôϢСͷݲݳԵ㶫ּ·ɽԷطηмӣһȣһǺӣҶɸĳͷ޷ܾҲѡ·
ԶӴʯ̲ӱأ̧ԶͣתȡֻõĨ˼ӰѪ׮ϣȻòϵ׮ϣдʡ
Զ߹ȥһ׮Ȼ󷵻ԭλҶҲѧǰ׮׼ص˲䣬ϴϿԭ֣׽סԵ
ҶüͷʵʲôҪôץס
Ͽ˵ģԼҪץи򵥵İ취һ鶯ֻͣҪŵζͻʱ鵶ͷмǾͻԹڲ
ҶʶгһʹȦȦվһͷСޣģɽͷȴֻǣͷһֻǣǱ沼һȦȦϸܵơӡеһС棬׳ӣû뵽ͷСɽҲи򲻴ߵ֡
͵ǴһƿǸ⡭Ҷ䣬Ӻǣצһͷ˹ȥ
ԷǳһæЯϻǣܾһ궯Ҫܡ
磡ǹ죬ѪҽһȥתͷһۣҶ˫ָһ֧ɫǹǹһưƮɢ


604 ʱ
ɽԹžϢ֮أҲޣԷǾǹ͵䵴Ҹ߸·ˣȻҶóǹҲû˻ǹǾ͵ھͷǴһ췹Եڣҧ˾ͷˡ
˸Ĵָ޵ҶǹɰǴæлˡ
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Ц˵ͷҲֵǮʲôǧ飬ƤҲһʲĽ
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ɳɳ紵Ҷౡ֦ͷУણʲôʲôˮ˵ϣ
Ҷ۹·˷׷ŹκοɵϸСˮβصͬһ򣬺ңǰͣ½ŲζеǸΣԱζõĴȥ
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ԶѾ˹ۼԶԶҶץסһͷҰޣͷҰ޺һͷɽⱲӴûôɽ򣬶ͷ޴ɽһֻǣȷе˵ӦֻΪһֻҶţҲ֪ʲôã
ҶţЦ˵һͷδɽ˵׸Ĵ䡣Ļϵ̧ͷƺ˵㿴Ҿһֻ
˴ܿعæ˵мҽһԤУǶһͷͨλҶҲͨˡ
Զٴߣкһ˰͵ҶǰҶҲϣ̧һģЦе˵ſøȥ
ѾԹſ˵ϣԵĶԲ֡
Ҷ󱳣ֻǱ䣬˫һվ󲽳ȥ
ﺦ˵޾˵Ҫ̫ɽŻûԾͰǸεζ̫ջҲҶϵһž飬վ»۶ɵı׷Ҳܷʧȥ͵ͬʧȥԴȪһ޺ܿΪѪʳ
Զ˳߳˺ӣǰɫѾｨԭشҹһȥ塣
Զӵ˶Ұ¶Ӫм֣ʵĴɲȼ𣬻ϼţ࣬ٴ⣬ŷת飬ܿ֨֨ð֬͡


605 ѩԴ
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Ҷ˯ú磬һʵĴ񣬵ϲúƽůë˯˯ʱûаѸ첲Уһηڡ
ҹɽ粻ͣ
Զһֵҹһ֧ҩĶ北ֻҪ쳣Ϳ۶ɵ°ҹҲˣڻԴ
ſԵٿȻվüٶܵҶǰ˼ͷ˽ȥ
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ʵ˵ȫСһһѨɽɽ·κ򵼻ҪϤٱϱĶ˿ܶɸܵǲȡؾ顣
ҶϴʽůڱѩҲо䣬±һʵĳ̶ȣҪĸ߿ƼװǱȽˬġ
ӿʵٶȣҶͥŲϣһһڱѩɿ챼ߣͻɽڽƽء
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˫۽ĵʯ﷢תУСƵģȻҶһ㼦Ƥ
һĴͷ˲ʯУĲʵǣҶɵһЦ˵ģһһʯȽſ˲ֹһ㰡
Ͽ˵ȻּһĻԵҵʯ˵һʯֵɰʮվ»϶ȥԣĺõطסˣδǧܰǸ
ҶЦЦ˵ףûǾûпĶ·ҾͿ޲
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һɽеСȣѩغ糹ǣȴů紺һɽȪˮγɵСϪʣϪˮоԴĸо
ǰ˼תͷҶ·ڴߴߣҶ̿мȥҵһõطֱһܣܱڱѩɽǿˡ
ǰһ߳ʯ̨վסתͷֳлҶߵʯ̨ԣһޱȵ΢ʯͷ·һڣȻһ񣬸о˴Ҫˬٱ


606 й
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һۣϧ緢ʱĥʺ԰¯Ϸżе֮ע΢Ʒʡ
ʶ㲩Ͽܿ˺Ľͣʯͷ·ѹһʱ緢ۡ
֪ɵҪ͸ֶɣ̲м飬һ֣رԴ̲صıԴ֮ɢ֮䣬еĵطȾأмû˼ɽпеŨҪŨ࣬һ̲طḻڣصףʱص̲صķḻżĳЩ϶籡γ˵ۡ
ʯ̨һۣҲأٲһһʱЧԣʺ϶¯֮ϻܱеķһЩܶԷƷ΢׬ˡ
Ҷȡ¯ʯ̨ϣϿʾ°Ѹֲϰһ¯Уȼ¯¯зòͷƷ˫ذҲ˲鵶ƷЩֻҪ֤¯𲻶Ͼˡ
ϺľķһԣҶʹãִɽвֻ˶ѩòȶȷŵҶԣȻԹſʯ̨ͷǿʯʱ졣
ҶҪľס¯ʱʱӵԭΪڱѩһ࣬ôҲû뵽ϾȻһݵڣҲţɽһȦ
ȶҶСϪǰȥ˼˹ûпֻǸżԶš
һβŷɽǸ«Σ߹ȥײŷǰһֻ˲е׼̧ǰе˲һ嵽ڣסȥ·
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ҿŻȥ͸͸
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607 Ѱɽ
ϰѩвٵط̤ȥѩûϥǣǴ˵ĸٰҴĵطҲ֪λɻ᲻һ߳Ժһߴ£
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ֻѩḩ壬˫צͿܵѩãֻѩͻȻһתҶΪǰǹԶеѩΣա
Ҷǹ˫ƺֻ̽Ų·ѩñһץס˿յѩֽһգһȦԶ
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ٺһЦ˵УҪѿңв˵绰
Ҷֻ̲ԼĿװȥŹȥܿͨˣԹԵͷ
ߵһƥǰִӰȡֻǰҶɣԶ뿪һשͷ˼ʮǮҵһ׬Ǯ·ӡ
ҶҲĵɽ飬ԹԴĵ绰绰ҪȥһˣŪҰζȥ
ԶԶɽȴûж˶Ŵ绰Ҷг裬Ψһľǳϰ壬ʱ̧ͷǿа׸ߵĴʯ൱ڴ¥ֱ绰˲򵥡
һλŮɽԱ̲סˣ첽ߵҶɸǰһ˵λҪ绰ԶЩǵɽ
ҶùҶϵ绰ƫͷһǰŮˣûʵǵɽ绰аëǮͻôֲܹȥקβ͡
Ůһͣ쵰ϷһĨŭݣǰҲֿ˵˶һͷ


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Ҷ΢΢һ㵣ʵҪȥСôǰֵ˵ͷͷһϲæ첽˹ȥ


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Ҷɸ߽У˫ȻһԼˣǰɽԶɽҪö࣬Ǹ«ûֻڵɽǺ«ϰأ°أɽҲһСϪʳݶڹɱܣӡҰҰ¿
üһҰҾǳһҲԲ֪꣬ͲóȥԿ
Ҷɸпһ䣬еҰˣһͷҰ¿ܹͷӣһɶʱڣһԽ顣

ŭһתͷһҧסҰ¿ӣҰ¿ûüκηغգƬСߣȻѾܶûˣȨһͷСҰ¿ơ
Ҷǰͷ¿˵ԣĴ䡣һ仰˵̧꣬ǰȥ
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Ҷͣһʯţϸûз϶ŲֱƵģϣŲȻŲ˷š
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һҲۣ£˫Ŀգ˫ִϥϣסƣղζƺǴƮģվſڵҶϸһϵˣһ߸ʬϻһĻҳǸˣ֪˶ꡣ
Ҷɼ˲٣Ȼᱻһ߸ʬŵ̧߽䣬ʬϥϷһƿӣԷ򣬲ʲôҲһºġ
ߵʬǰ£ߵ˸ͷ˵λǰˡ˵ƿָʬ˲䣬ʬϵĻ۾Իĩ£¶һ˵ϻ壬мɱĻβһȻо
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Ͽ˵뵽һ鵶Ʒʵİ취½֮뵶ڣ꽣һ϶
Ҷһ˵񲻴Ҿ½֮ӦûöΪһܲӦɣ
Ͽ˵ҲһḻУ˵һ񡣡
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ҶʵΪʲôҪ½֮⵽ƿܳȥҸ𣿡
Ͽ˵ʱѾ˱ҲܴᣬǳҲѰΪ帽ͨϣɱСֻƿɽ֮ɣƿпȴԵƿܸȥ벻һȾǼǧꡣ
Ҷ˼ĵ˵ͷʵղŲ˵һرôûмرʲôһ
Ͽ˵ֻ˵رһڲ֮յıû˵ɴ½ҵĲ֮һ
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ҶɳһôҲ벻»ϿֱӹϵͬʱҲ뵽һ⣬Ͽһ鶼ܰ½ܣǰʲôţB
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610 ¯
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ͷȥ˵ֱӹ⾰ƫͷվһԵҶסʬϣǰ㲻ͣٵض
ҶɵʵҪҰ̧ȥڸô
˵ͷۿʬ⣬Ҷɰæˡ
Ҷ̾˿˵ðɣϧûйײģֻŪľͷպһڡ˵ǰץסűأһʬȥ
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ҶְѾӴڴ½ʬ߳ţ˸Ƨطʬ˿˺ϱĴͿһ˿ڹײģڸӰʬ£һľýϼ֣½֮Ĺ
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֪ϣҶϴһֻѩÿ𾢣ù⴫һǹ죬һ¡ԶԶ·ڣ涼΢΢ֹһѩղһǹһѩ㿪ǹļһ׶༪١
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ʱ÷ɿ죬ľ֮в϶Ѻľ˫ذѱһپϾȫΪ鵶գѾҪĹͷ顣
ͬڱ֮ڷͨ鵶ǰһڱ뷨֮ڶϴ֮ѳƷܷƷٶȫ飬νǣľ֮Ϊ鵶ǵļƷϣһܷɹҪ
׼òľ֮飬ӿʱ¯ͶУסһҪ졭
Ͽ͸һ֮⣬˵Ȼ˰˶ȡ
Ҷһסɣһֻϴһֻĸȷףֻķڶʱڳסٶȸ£ʱ䲻ܳʮ롣
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ÿĹѾգʱ򿳷ͷһ㣬ʱ̣۳žͿˡ

һӵ籡󲿷ֱӹ¯ڣʱҶһѽҿ¯ǣѸײڶٶȰ̲زľ֮ĺͶ˽ȥ
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ѪҪͣ
Ͽѣ͸һֵĽţҶܷԦɷ鵶Ҫ˸ƷʷֲпԿ
Ѫ鲻ϵ䣬鵶ѪˮߣݵĵƽҶɳһڴ̯ƣһ糤ıСĵת


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Ҷɲҵְ鵶ҧڿУץ׼õƿһѽҿƿǡ
ࣣǧصƿǽҿ鵶ֱͶƿڣϸӣƿҶ˫ΰסƿŲ
ꡪƿܼ죬ƿֳһȦ״ƣۿҪըѿ
½֮飬Ȼ鵶ֻһ취̰ƿͶ¯Уӻ𣬲鵶ҷ𡣡
Ͽƺ˺ݣͽȻñ䣬ƿ¯ʹ½֮鵶ǸƿеҲϲĽ֣֮ȻСԵ֮һΪأһ֮ǧҲ׾ͷ
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ҲˣҲˣ鵶һҶһγ꽣¯Ӳ鵶˳
鵶ƺֻǰôһ㣬гһأҪһˡ
ϿΪëҲ鵶Ѳˣ
ҶƵһѪأֻܶϿɧղN鵶ѹûӦ
Ͽ˵ֹˣ½֮Ѿ˵飬ս뵶вõڿܹʹ˲޷鵶
Ҷɷ˸˵˵½֮鵽鵶治ˣǼʮĹ򶼰׷ǰɣ
ԭΪ½֮뵶Ʒʣû뵽ȥһƫƫԼûޣֵģֱҶײĳ嶯
ϿĬ˰Σ˵½֮貹ֱӵİ취鵶նɱֻ壬鵶Ϊá
ҶһƵ˵˼鵶նɱι½֮飬Ա˾ͻҸɻ԰ɣ
ҪԦ鵶ֻ취ȡĺøкΣƾڵѿ鵶
Ͽ˵÷ǳϿңҲûСҶ̫ء
Ҷĥʵû취ô鵶»¯һ飬һʲôġϻһߣԵĻϣ治½֮顣
Ͽ˵´ĲϣҪϵʱ䣬Ҳֻвһܽٻ
Ҷд¯̾˿˵ǻˣպðɡ
䣬ȿڴһ¡죬ⲻѩŲסȿڵľʯ
ô֪иɽȣ
һϲŮӹȿڷҶɿȷѾˣһˣӦϴɽʱϵĵɽӣû뵽ǻ壬Ȼҵ
Ȼ֪һһľҼУеĶǡ
һͳҶѾ˹ȿӰȻȵҲһʱ俴ʯ̨Եһһޣϵı̱þ̶еǹеڶǹڶ׼ʯ̨Եһһޡ
Ҷע⵽ȺѾԶ統¼ʱʣһͷǱ󶼱ŹҵĴŵɽƺװŲٶ
ȿڳһһŮǳϰŮС˼ʯ̨Եһһ΢΢һ䣬ϰ˫Ŷ¶һĨɣ̧һӣ˵ǹ˳ȥ
ɽԱԥһ£ǹתɽȥ
ôˣ
СŮ˽סһ䡣
Ҳȥϰ۳ŮһС΢΢һ㵣ҧҧת⡣
ϰͻȻͷЦ½磬ǵСܳô


612 ս
Ҷɱϰһеô룬ܿ뵽һֿܣ˳ǰ½֮ôԷ㡣
뵽˫ֱ˵Ӯĸ֮ɽ֮ʲô
ϰɫʵ½磬ǹǵĵطô
᣿Ҷɱ˫ϷǰȻɽ᣿ѵǴ˵еѣ
ϰ첽ǰһĴסҶɼ򣬴˵ѩƣʯΪ壬Ҷľҹѵ㶼ô
Ҷ΢΢һͣͷԭ尡ȴ˵˼ǰҶǵˡ
ϰ̾˿˵ܼǵɽȣܼǵǳ˹ˡ
Ҷüͷһõʵ֪ʲô
ϰ˸ڨڨһЦ˵СܴȡЩ˳㵽ϢˣҲ֪ЩôСܿһ͸硣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҲҪЩҪѾףҲ뿪ˡ鵶Ѿɣ뾡뿪ڳϰȡʲôûҪʣȱľǮ
ϰһʯ̨ϵ¯˲ţʵ磬Ϊô
ҶҲûҪͷ˵ûҾΪ
ϰ̾һ˵Ϊ˶ر鶼Ѿȥֺαعڻ
Ҷ˫΢У˵ʲô֪Ҷر˵˭
ϰ¶һ˿Цݣ˵һСдٴΣ䶼иһرϹŴ֮һϹŴڶ࣬ڵλСҲ֪
Ҷ¶һ˿ʧı飬˵ˣԼңһҵ㡣˵ת¯ŵϵΣԹʰȥԵĳϰ塣
աȿͻȻܼǹһۻ߿أվҶԵɸ˼ϥ£
ϰɫ䣬е˫ͷ½Сܸ񡣡
Ҷüͷʵʲô˫ͷˡδ䣬ϴϿͳ
˫ͷţͷβ粪ʣһǴ˲õĶ˫ͷ׷
ϰ巴ִӺһ̵˵˫ͷػصޣֵһܸ
Ҷƫͷһۣ˵һʲôõĶȻ˫ͷѾͰѲõĶˡ
δ䣬ȿڷޱȵĲҽУİŮĳϰҲ˲ö룬ն̵ȿڳȥ
ҶվԴ˵ԹԵţҹȥ˫ͷ񵽵Ǹʲô˵귴ִӱ꽣ȿȥ
ɽѩϺɵʮѪܵʬ壬һͷ׵˫ͷĳϰ嶷ݱ
һͷԴĺ۰ţ;޴жȴ쳣ֻСԴҴζֻҪǶϽ۰м򳦴غգѩŵʬ붼֮¡
ϰ̵ֳֶͬţɱмεţͷţһĳëһӲޱȵף̵ֺԶվŲ֪İŮС˫ֽһɽ
Сɽ½
ϰж̵һƬ⣬Ѹţͷžţͷ˵ĵתͷ԰Ůһɤӣӵдм֪½˫ͷͬ飬ȻְԼϾţţҲԿ
ţкͽȻֽһͷͳϰ壬޴һǰеװ׳Ȼӭͷɱķ̵
ϰͷп࣬µŵԾһŭȻӵݺţͷţȻ̧ͷ˦ֻǻ˹ȥ
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̵ţǣûţͷϰһʯھţϣѪ˳ŵӿ˲Ⱦţͷ
ŭľţ˦ͷǰͳ壬ŽСŮ˳˹ȥţϵĳϰ弱ôУžţ˲䴩͸ŮţСݺݶɽұϡ
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ಣ
һ׹ӹ˫ͷ֮鱻ϣϳص廯˿ưɫͶһС֮У֮棬ҷ
ϰ屻ֻţһʱδһ͵ŶҶɣеСȫɫò˵㲻½ᡭ˵һѪ磬֮ɫͫ׽Ŵ
Ҷȥĳϰ壬˵Ҵû˵½ᣬһԸҴ硣
䣬ʬڱһɰɫ֮˳ӶһضֱΣ鵶ա
նɱ鵶ƺҶһ˿΢ϵԺжһ˿Ī˷ܣоԵ飬صȴٴʧܣֵҵĿ˼£ǰȻĴģҲСгɾˡ
յʣҶߵһʬһɽ򿪣Ƶİ׵Ļεһۻһٴһĸ̡èʯɺ顭򿪼ӣĶͬС죬޷Щ鱦Ŷ֮ĶȻЩֵƣ˿ģ治ȱǮЩûȥҲҪѴʱ֣ɽеԺҪʱȡ
СŮңӼײ˸ϡãһ˫۾أԴţȴǰľ壬ʬ岻ԶһȾѪ׻ɫɽ
Ҷ߹ȥɽ򿪣Ө͸Ӻһ߸ߵ֬ƿҪȥƿһ̶ľ׽תͷȥֻһͷͿһʬ壬һԭǳޣŵʳвõĵ
ιųԣȰʬȫϽô㡣
Ҷɶһ󺰣ٶռɽǹе߽ɽȣЩ׼ߣȫŽڹȵʯͷӣֻ˼Ϊװߡ
ƺ֪Ҫ뿪ֵøɣʬȫϽɽȣͷţҲЩѩסһԹվҶ󣬰ڳһʱģ
ҶԴ˵ˣɽ˵첽ȥ󲻾ã˶ëѩƮµķѩܿѹȿڵѪӡڸǵøɸɾ
ɽҶϵԶӸԼȥ׼ʯ̲պһҹֻܰ˯ͷ
峿˯ҶɱһѣѸٴ¿˳һ֧ԶӳΪͷŶʮ׳Է
ҶɶſԵ˵ˣúûţлټˡ
Ļվתɱȥ
΢ЦߵҶɸǰԷǴ˸ƣԷǰ¯װϼǶԶӵˣֻҪϴһɫ׸ʲô
ҶɽϣӿڴȡһƱݸ˵ܾûԹﶫˣϽȥһúóһ١
΢ЦƱ˵лҶԷͲˣһһ׮˶ǮĻҪҪǸʱȥ
Ҷԥһ˵Ҳã㰲żȥ˳ǰҰ¯ӷˡ
ͷЦû⣬Եȣȥš
ӹԶһΪԷҶɷسУ˸һ巽ǲ֪¼ҸŮһѾѩ壬ٹͳͳеѪʳ
¹أഫǻʼԯƵȴս˿ڵ񻰴˵ϹڴˣʬѪսǧ꣬ഫÿسĿҰս˻ɱ졣
˵¹صҴǿǶǴʲôز֮ԳΪһ汲е׳ƵĹ
¹ԹžǱұ֮أȡԭ֮أ¹˱ˡ¹ԭսҪˣ˶࣬ȻҲ࣬ūᵽ⽨ᣬǶŷٻ£ƷһֱǲɻȱĶǰ˶Ǯе
ҴʮŵеҲô˹ͬʱҲٻ£תתǧ꣬ﵹΪҵѾˣдҲ˵ִᵹǷģץס֤ݶ׸ʮκûץסһ˵
ᾭù˧ҴŹսͷҲʼչβҵر죬ＸùݶǿΪͷԻҲԼҿճķȥ׬졣
磬һ¿Ѵ˴ͨ¿ѲͬϵĴŵɽϺһһ


614 
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˵вϹ飬նɱ壬һ鵶ƷʣʵϿҲȷ鵶һȷԼƷƷ֮䣬ȷߵľλãֻҶȥ׼ҸطţߵϢ
֮ǰҶѾҴΪ˻һСǮȻһЩǳõϢͷиڣʮ˴ǵӣҲǵĹˣʱûڴеҴΧĹŷذû˭ϤҵϷ⡣
ҶɾҵڣлܴߵϢ
ͷп˵˰꣬żἸСɬӣѾóˣڼҵԺӾ׵ĵط汲տżˮʩʣҪֻҪҵͲˡ
ҶѾԺǰ̧ţ꣬ԺŴ򿪣һվſڣƫͷһվǰҶɣʵⷿլӣ
ҶЦЦ˵ⷿģլʲô˼һʴʶɵһ䡣
˵һЦ˵լӾչŶʲôģҴȥ䡣
Ҷɵ˵ͷ̧߽Ժӣһϵ˫΢΢һУԺＸƽȥ
֨ѽ
ƿһŷţЦŽܵ䷿ɹãɾж䣬ȫû⣬ԺȫõĹܼҡβ;񣬱Ҵõ򵼣ս̵ҿԴ·
ҴиοǵĿս̵ֻҪѴ˾ͻȥսĵطһĽϵʣӳĹ仨
ҶɶԷȽ⣬߽ȥһȦû˵Ķ䣬ͷɵһƣתͷʵղŲ˵жϴ軻·
ڨڨһЦָָǽ˵ǾǶ䣬ϴû⣬תСпȪˮͰưУҲûŮˣƨܲû˿
ҶѭָķȥǽòסһϾɺͰǶˣҲû˻Ͱ
ͦɾģʴȥսҪǮ
ЦЦһָƺ˵㣬һָ˸֡
٣ұ֤Ϲͷ˶֪á
Ҷͷ⣬ԭڣҪҸߵ飬ס˵뵽̵˵ͷ˵û⣬ս໨ǮҲֵ
Ц˵ֵһֵһȫ㡭δ䣬Ժ⴫һڷƬԿһܳȥԺţվһһ٣һڹȣһ䣬Ҳⷿס͡
˽ţǰŵҶɸڵķ䣬ŲʵǽԼڵ̸ٺܿ죬Ҳ˵Щʲô
Ҷɴ򿪵ɽȡһ¿㣬ųȪСȥЩһ·ĺܲϴˮɷ˵
СʱҶһˬ߳С䣬ഫһأһͳ
۵ĹⷿĿˣ
Ҷͣ½ŲתͷȥקǰĴƹЦԺĿմһСƬ̲Ҷ
קŴ󹷳ǰ˼Ц˵ģ·ţϾͶ㾴񡣡
Ҷǰѻ¿յӸǰƹվֻ̧ǰצ˾Ķǻģ̿
ڰѹקקЦʵסʲôƨ֤ҲҪǮУ֪׼סأ
Ҷһ˼˵ʮ°ɣˣ﷿ÿ٣
˵ÿʮ飬ܷÿ٣׼Сʺʳܱ
Ҷ˫΢Уʵ򵼲֪Ǹʲôλ
Ŷǹһ˿Цݣʵ¹ϵ»ûڲĵطǲ֪ܳʲôλ֪ⷿĶǲ֪ܲܳǮ
ҶɵһЦ˵ͨ򵼴·ٿ飬Ҫ򵼲ͨͿɣ
򣿡׼ҲǮһﲻɵôСģʲôֵѵСҲǸô


615 ڣ
˲ϲ˽еĹΪеǴԾӣϡӡ秵˼
ĹѨ͵ĺö٣ֵǮȴ࣬մĹѨͳĶһﷷӶͼչֺ۸ٱʳǣ󸻴֮١
˵һĵļ룬ǰʲô·һ򵼣ҪһءӡҲֵ
뵽ɫȻһ࣬˵λС磬ҪóĸʬɽѪﴳһҲֵˣۿɰѳ˵ǰͷڰϷǰҪ˵ƱӣҪȸһ롣
ҶɵһЦ˵û⣬Ҽӣȥõ㶫˵˦ֱ򷿼䣬ںƹԭء
ӹȥҶɱŵɽӷ˳æӭȥѹ˵ﲻ˵ĵط
ҶνЦЦ߽ԺӶһƽſͳԿ״һľţֱ̧˽ȥ
ߵǰſб£·ڵͳС磬ҹϹš
Ҷֹ̨ľſ첽̨·ȥ
һʮƽҵĵңһķľŸ߱ľΣһ⼣߰ߵĽڷǽߣǽϹżرֻӣһ֪ʲôצӣ߳ľǥһģŹֵͲ״ӡ
Ҷб˺֪ʶһ۾ϳǽϹҵĶӳõ¿ӡľǡǲ֪Щʲô
һڣЦ˵ݺò衣
ݲͲˣȰѶˡҶɵһЦ򿪰ѵɽһֻûһ죬϶һѳƱ
¶һĨϲ֮ɫһƱǣЦǺǵ˵ˬ죬֪Сôƺ
Ҷɴ£Ц˵ҶͽҶСˡ
Ц£ʵҶСˬˣҲʲôֱ˵ǡ
Ҷɫһ࣬˵һߵĵطӦþڸеĶ岻İ߾ĵط
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Ҷüͷ΢ʵڣʲôط
üͷšһĴ֣˵ڣҴӵĽɣûԸ˶ҲԲ˵ġ
ڣҴⲻʮصĹɽ£ܹϷĹǧЩƽѵĹŷظǲ˵Ǵʬǲˣ˵Ҵ汲е͸ɽµķسֱӵĹϵ
׻˵ɽɽˮˮҴ汲ƬسҲɽµķسѾ˼ǧ꣬ͳõĶǳѣǿʼڹɽΧѰңϣҵмֵĹᣬɽһӣвӻȥ鿴ȥ޻ء
˵ƮײģˮƮ˽ȥͻᱻ긽ʬڰεֱãҲд˵ӾͷгȺġӡȥ˶Ե˵һλ¹֮սĵĹǰ¶ԸΪѳᣬʮˣʮ֮һ¶ˡӡˣһ֣ڣ
ǵǻĽǰһ󼢻꣬ʮҾſգҰҴΪϰٺ˴˷ӡļʲڣ̽ĹѰȥϰٺˣӳһʧһҴĴڵ̫үү
ԺҴһĵĹأⲻ׼ڣκ飬˶Ҳ˴Ľɡ
ԭҲڣ飬λҶСļǮȷ޷ܾһջһ޷ֵرȱǮˡ
Ҷɾڽڣ飬ͷӿһֺǿҵĸоڣߣ밵ӵǿ϶ǱŪˣ˵˽ȥӦܸȥҵ뿪Ϊʲôǻﲻ뿪
ҶС磬Ȱ㲻ҪȥڣҲ֪̫үүΨһųģǰһţǧҪڣĹ⣬ֲĲӣǹ꣬ҴȥӲצ£ͬϡ
̾˿ϵıһȻ˫۽ϵĳƱͫ˸ŵ⡣
һȥڣ㲻ýȥȵ̫ɽˣ׼ʳ


616 Ѱ
ҶѾҪȥڣһ⣬̫үү˵ûڣֲĵȷӣˣȷе˵Ǳ帽ˣЩĿ²ɱ޷ͬ飬˶ϡ
̾˿˵ҶС磬֪㲻ͨҪȥڣҲԴ·һҪȰһ䣬ǵطаŵúܣñȥ̫Զ
Ҷɵ˵ͷ˵ףҲԼСЦ
ڵ˵ҶС磬мҪ㣬һһҲȥڣǺǵʿǳǮûκ˻Ǵ·ҡʵʿѾ˵⣬Ҳ׼·ȥڣǳļǮֻλﲻĵĳ̶ȣ֪ȥڣǿǷɵ飬Ѿһڻؾ
ʿҶüͷһһʿȥڣʲôѲץꣿ
ڵͷ˵ûҿǴŵۺͷֽɰ֮⣬ǲܴȥڣģûԸ·Ͳ֪ˡ
Ҷһ˼˵취Ūʮƿɱ׼ƿȪˮ
ЦЦ˵ȻҪģɱɶãѲ㻹°ҧô
Ҷվһ˵հɣҲ˼ǮöŪó⣬Ȼط˯ˣһҡ
һƱָǹ˹ΣЦ˵û⣬ˡ
峿ڽҶɳ˴ӣһƧ·ϣһ¿峵Ͽһ壬ײͩˢһ飬ľһҵ
Ҷǰ򿪴ӣֵͲɱȪˮмӣóЩ
˵Ҹ˸¿ӣʮϺ¿ҪϴҲӦһ¡
ҶɴӵɽһԽݸڣ˵ԶԶĿţҽȥԺ˽ǵ֪ͨһҺи׼
ڵͷ˵ģҶ׼ˣȥһҪСġ˵ҿ½¶һ߱Զ
Ҷ¶һ˿΢Ц˵ģзִ磬ȹ»ʣµǮ㡣
һЦʿˣϷһٿ飬Ӧҵ˴·ˡ˵ǰǣ¿ͷϵ첽ǰȥ
뿪󲻾ã߳ˣĵʿ߸һƤڵˣǸͷ߼ͻ̧Կһӣ¶һ˿ܵı飬ⶫеʱûֵζ
ͷߵúܿ죬ĵʿ˦һأߵ山һСͣ˽Ųִӵץһ⼣߲ƤС˱ϣƤأˮҲˡ
Ҵһǧٿ飬˭
ͷƤתһ˫ţŶĵʿǴһ죬汲Ҳǵм֣ڵѾ˸ɾ͵ѧɲţ׼áŪڹ깷û뵽ʿʿסҵƷӣһ׮ҩõĲ£·
ֻҪʿȥڣܵõǧͣöͻȻײôһ׮ǮĺòȻûзŹĵڴӦǴ·һƤܹ˲ٿ飬ת־׬
ϵʿԵʿ˸ɫʿ̴ӿڴͳһƱʮŽ˵򴬵Ǯȵ˵طٰʣµǮ㡣
ӹƱڴ¶һ˿΢ЦƤ첽ɽ
·У˵ǰ߸һ·ܿӣͻȻϳë¿һʹйѽŸŤˡ
ͣ½Ųߵë¿ǰ鿴һ£תͷҶɴ˵Ťȹǣͷ¿ˣСæšһ仰˵꣬Ѿߵë¿ǰִ¿ȡ幰ͷҶɳɽȥ
ʮӺ屻˰ڣҶֻľ壬һǰѵİӣͷЩš
ڰѴͷ˹˵ƿۻҩƣ߳棬ϺõĹȾơ
лҶЦЦִһƿҿǹ˼ڣҾƴӺ븹УΪ֮һ񣬷¾ƿ˫建ȥ
С彥ʧڰִӿڴͳһͰ͵̵ǣڣ˵ҶС磬һҪ


617 
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ֵ岻ͬ뿪ʬ壬ʱһڣҶǰնɱһⶼڣȻһ˵֪ǵ׻ͳʲôģ
鵶ֻ岻Ϊ壬鵶Իľ浶
ڶҶͷȻһ´ƿӺ˼ۻƾƣ׼ĵڣ͵һ𣬾æ¾ƿȥˮһ޴ĺӰιⶫԼ׿⣬ڣӴܿһԴϿһ㡣
ƺײ壬Ҳûзҡͷβǰȥתۼ䲻Ӱ
Ҷɶ˶𴬽ſǰ˲֪ףǰһխĺӵ˶ʯĺӰԼխӵˮƯɫ壬Զȥ񱻶İɫ֯ˮ޲ЩҲûƶ
ǰ˰ףҶڿˮƯĲʲô֯һ߾ݷʬ壬вʬѾֻҪһͻˮһɢ
ҶҲʬɽѪﴳصĽɫʬ٣ЩˮиʬҲоͷƤ飬ôߵסͷĸʬӵǰȥ
ջȥףһˮ죬ŤͷȥҶϵıȻһͣһ˶ͷˮ棬ſҧһ߸ʬĸʬһҧأҧҧһʬˮʧ
ҶӦöѰӣ˵ӦֲŶԣô鵶һ㷴ӦҲûУ
䣬鵶Ҳ£Ҷұֵ̧Ʒ·һ˿εǣͷȻһѸٻӵ˸뻡
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һƺ˿մյ˲䣬ͻȻһ˿Ͽͳղնһֻ飬鵶ɢ
ߣҶһ鵶˻һȫԺԲơ
ʲôյɢˡ
Ͽдһ˿죬޷ҶΪʲô鵶ɢ
Ҷ˵鵶е̫ҾͲɵ鵶Բܱʹȫ֣ýúõһ²飬˭鵶ˡ
ϿĬ˵úãǧвǿ׶壬鵶ʹգý踡֣õ鳼
ҶɵһЦ˵ûǸҾõԲ䣬鵶һ·һεǰ
ಣһǰ̶·һűƣ˿ưͶڰ˲䣬鵶ֱ˻ȥҶԺðһЩֵĸԥʧУⶼ鵶鴫ݹֽ֮˼֡
ҶԷ´һֳֵһ־ƿ徲Ưˮ档
ϿĲͬôǣ
ϿƴǰĶܸϵǿ壬̲صȸ˰ٱֹֻڱնɱʱŻɢһӦÿԿ
ҶɰѾƿյ߹ڣ˸õ鵶ˣôֱ渡飿
Ͽ˵鴥Ҿͻ̸ʾģ̫Сɰв
Ҷһƿۻƾƣ˦ְѿƿ𴬽ǰȥ
խӵˮϵĸʬżܿľףҶɿһľϺںжŲѴǰһۣɵһľһ׿С棬ʬʳʬļ׳һĹѨУˮ֪Ϊʲô˺ƯĹľϣ

ʬǺŵ˻˵ζһѷӹľˮУüٶȳ˹
ҶͷһãֻӰȥʬˮٶԶеҪ죬̶ϰֻʬ˴ڣ˶ֶȫһֳֽһַֻ鵶ץһƿɱϴʬ硣
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ɱɢ̱ŵζԸʬЧĺãϴʬֻҪ̷תȥԭ׼ʬҲˮУĵԺˮһͨԭˮϵʬȻȥ
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һ촫ҶɶУϿС˵ֻ顣
Ҷ΢΢һЦһץ鵶ָ棬˵ԹһմҲûҪðոƷʣɴȥ


618 ʬ
鵶ѾӦҶֻ飬ʼݣûն飬ֻܲͣݸλϿɵˣѵѪе½֮Դһ˿Ѿ鵶Ϊһ壬ȴûľڷǳնɱ飬ո
սʤҶʶͻȻЭͷӣˣһ鵶Ϊһ壬ѡͬһˡ
ಣ
һҶ˫磬ֻ鱻˲նɱ˿Ͷ뵶Ҷܸо鵶˷㣬ȻܵΪĸоȴޱȡ
һѳΪ鵶ˣҴһƪҪ򡣡
Ͽжһ˿ϲãҶͽȻоЩ̫һƪͬ书ؼĶżʹƷķЩѾԺУֻҪ«ư
鵶𣡡
Ҷתյɿ鵶·һεϷһ룬ת
ף鵶һˮк㶮ġ
ϿͲҶһͰˮϽ鵶ץˮֻһºȥ̣һ̵ǾȽʵڡ
ʣһСʱҲͷˮϵĸʬľ洦ɼտʼ˸оëȻöҲ˵ֿǿһЩ޺ϰƹȥͺãǰƯһɰܼȽ࣬ǿܿߵĺӰ
ˮණ̫࣬ϰɱһЩȥ
Ҷɵһ仮߿ܼ̫ͣҲ׼ˮϼƯһ·նɱĸϰ٣ڰҲǿԭ·أһ
ͣڰߣҶɱϵɽϺӰ̶ڰߵĴʯͷϣǰȥߵò죬·±ǣÿ߰ӿڴͳһŦƵСڵϣһ΢źŷڵϻԶţʱֻҪһ֪׼ȷ·ߣЩСⲻ߶Զ·
ͨ£̦޺κֲСȵʯͷ洦ɼԲͻĵš

һ紵Ҷͣ½Ųӣƺŵһ˿ĸζطߣһ·û壬Щʵ
ˡ
ͽȻƵĹһ󼱴ٵ·΢΢һֹһƥҪϰƥͬʱֶܲ
Ҷüͷְγ꽣Ȼ鵶նɱȴȡ꽣λؽоޱ̤ʵ
¡¡ٵԶҶֳվԭأ˫۽ķǰһ֧ӣϰƥͷ߷ɱע⵽˫һƬҰףϵĶǵëƤʵϵƤá֣áݸΪС
ϵǵƤϵ䣬סؼλűЩòģĵìмλŹͺͺľͷֱҶ滳ЩܲƿԼĻ˵׼õͱһ
ӽˣҶɽսŷɱӣŵһɴ̱ǵʬζЩǻˣµġӡʬ
ϰͷʬֻ۾ܿģЩԶ޹ĵĿ϶ҲǴɣһʬս
NNNŻϰٽʬͣҶɲʮ⣬ʬվţһŸɱ·Ǵһģ̳ģ˶࿴۶оڡ
Ҷ꽣鵶ܸоָСھҲȺʬƵĶѹ鵶˷ܵ
ʬûзƺڵȴʲôҶɿɲȣֳֵ㳯ʬɱ˹ȥߵĿؾɱ壬ǰһûɷŹ
ۣ
꽣һĨںӹһʬӣֻһ죬ɱͷ­ɹ£ڹ£תۼʮʬ촦
պյĽʬ޿ƥеĴڣͨŶ̱ˣﻹеǰƴɱڽʬĹѰŹɱѪʳ˵Ľɫƺת׾ĽʬҶɽϲ˰㱻ո
ӶϾƮ۳һ˿Ͷ鵶ʱ鵶һɺԵľͺ࣬ܶյȫգʬƱйݰ͵ֻʣһƥƥʬȻ
ءĺŽѾһӵĽʬתԭתȦȦ


619 ű
ѿ˷ĵĿ־壬ʬͨ޷սʤĴڣҶɿһȺ帽ʬ壬׾ӲɱѹΨһˬľǹζȷš
ϰٽʬתۼ䱻˸ɾɱͷһأֻʣ°ƥûʿĽʬԭתȦ鵶ͷʬϷƮɢ뵶Ҷܸо鵶˷ܣŵյӣ岽鵶ʹ
鵶Ȼɣʹиܴȱ㣬ʵ̫СˣڽʬĨһҲ˲䶴նɱʬ꽣ҶиǿҵͷҪ취ϣ꽣ҲɷΪֻҪһС
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ҶɽߵһɫһۣһƣźܶŤŤ֣һţͷ
ţͼڹƣȴֵܡԡµʿ¹֮սӦǸѳᣬɴ˿ƶܿšԡ
ϿʶԨҶɰѹõϵ˲ͽⶫкܿȴ۰ʮһλֵеһҲпֹܲһ
Ҷɵ˵¹֮ս֪˵ȴⳡսսܱܣ󱻹ɱ°ʮһֵеıɱеĹ齵û뵽ﻹһӡ
Ͽ˵ڶ࣬ЩʬϵӦֻǺСһ֣ǰܻܿǿ塣
Ҷɷ˷еĹƣʵ˵ܸʬϵҪڻӦòѰɣΪʲôû뿪
Ͽ˵ЩڽʬϵѾʧȥҪĶʶ˵˼룬һܿһǿĴڣܿǰˡ
ɳɳҶĳƵԽһȡԽյߡ
ҶС硭㻹𣿡
ͲдȷλҶСǲǻš
Ҷɵ˵ţڵģҪСʱŻȥ
ղŰȥһˣҴƤͧЩӦòӣӣһҪСġ
ڵһ˿ϲܿתͳղһȺ˴װڣȺ˵ƣҾԼߣҪСЩ֡
Ҷüͷʵܹжˣ
˵ܹжʮŮģͦƯһŮǺͷ඼ˡ
ͷŮˣҶͷһݣʵûпһͷ׳Ŷ
ڳ˼˵ûУкüͷñӣҲǲǹͷ
úܺãš
Ҷ׼ͨͲͷִڵʿҲˣдˣˤñ׵ġ
ڲµûʿˣߵɽµķصͻȻ˴ݵӣϴŴӿƤҲΣ޺ô˺üСʱ
Ҷɵ˵˾ˣҸģţʱϵ
һ仰˵̽ͨͳֻͨε绰ָоܵҲߡ
绰ܿͨͲдεͳҶӣô
ҶɵʵҲûʲôҾ֪
һ˵ִһһ¹һڣĵط
Ҷ΢΢һЦʵִʲôܸ˵ô
ԥ˼룬˵ǰЩܵõһƿܿһŴµķ繩ڣѰһ˵ϹսȴµĶʲôҲ֪ô
ҶЦЦ˵ûˣˣһСġ
ƿһǴӱĳȡģԭҶҲõ˳صĵͼûʱȥѰҪѰʲôµĶҲûҪŲͣԼɷڲ̫֪
ϵ绰Ҷѭһ·µźŷغӰߣˮϰغã׼Ҹطܵ˹ȥ뿪ɱѾˣȥúϢ
ҶںӰ߲Զҵһ˶ߵľ޴ʯʯһӣɽȥһſΣܿϵϵ˺ѷ˶۵ĵط
ȴǿģҶɵ˺һԶ죬ִѭȥƤͧҰУ˿ҸŮһЩսԱ⻹Ŀһˣ飬һƺ̫ȺƤͧһǣĿ
ΪѰǼȴµĶ˱Ǯɴ˿ɼǼһǳҪ׻ʲôأҶɳŵĺֿʼ˼䣬ǰһƤͧ򣬳ڵĺӰʻ˹


620 ٵ
ҲڤڤעѰűܳԱǾȻҶɲĺӰƤͧ˼һһϾƤͼ˼ۣ˴˸ƣҺֳܿĸСӳΨмһ˲Ⱥų
Ҷѡ񣬵һ뿪ڶȥԥ˼룬ѡ˺ߡ
˴´ӣͼܲģѰű˵ڼ֮ǰһڣʱһλ֮һζҩѪ֥˵Ѫ֥ɵΪ̣Ҫ㼸Ҫ
Ѫֽ֥жԿھڹŹ֮ϣԹײʬͣײʬǰǴ󸻹󣬳ɽ亣ζǰҪ˻УУǰѪڹװϷҹײҪϵľƳɣ̴ľǧѪ֥ԽҩԽãѪ֥ҩļˮưٲΪ֢Ĺǰ첡֮ࡣ
λ֪ڣѪ֥ĹŹףֻ꣬æȻæǰװλѿĶıꡣ
û˭¸˽ڣ˴ɡ֪ڣգԭҲƳ٣һƿȡűĻ࣬ƲȻ˴˴ε
ͣ
ֳ̧һѾ˲ǰҶɱʬĵطϰپͷʬ壬ʧȥ˵Ľʬһεȹ쾰о˲ס
˵ڵϵʬһⶼնԴͷڲǰܿϰٽʬԴһ򵥣ҲҲΪűСĽȷһʧ
δߵʬԣϸ飬תͷ˵ǶǱԴ˿ϵĺۼϿʹõַɾӦǹߡ
Ҳǰһڵϵʬ嵭˵õǽһıնͷֻһ佣λþǡôλý֡
µͷ˵ȺʬǰһأΪҪѰѪ֥ûи潻棬ȡѪ֥Ҳûжͣ뿪ڣ
γ˵Ҳ֪ȡʲôпλҲǳҪҵĶġ
˵ҪҵĶűഫȴµıΪǵλնɱʬĹӦò֪ǵڣǰעⲻҪ̫Զ
˫һʽӵͭƿǰƿ˵µķƿַԲһڵĹ嶼ҪԶԶܿͻᱻƿУһ·¶ŮѰƿУְȫ
µĴ¼ǰУԼôһӹ⾰һƬʯĿشƮһɵкѿ˴˵ҲͨȴĹѨıؾ֮·С
ҶԶԶ·رСģ¾ǰǡĶǾӢвͻᱻ˷֣ʱֹôˡ
ˡ
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˷·ĳĬԾվһ𣬰ƿΧУҶ֪ƿװ꣬ԽԽȫ
ϣһսԱͻȻſڷһʹУ˵жҧң
䣬սԱʹУһڽһֻںɫС棬ʬСٲΪ壬һγɹģɱǳǿ󣬳ǧʬۼһγһĺ赲ǵһлﶼû
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ȡ׼õİɫĩΧŨпʬЧ۸ǵܹ㣬մϷĩʬȥ޷ٸ˺
ǰڣûиʬԺԿֵܳͻ״һЩ׼ֻ֮һ
ˡ
ƹӸ˷巽µ˵Ҳ͹ֱȥϷꡣ
ûлӦֱӸжӵǰˣŴҳϷȥ
ʬûµģҶɴһֻȺⵥֻۣ׼ȷ׽˵ĶֻҪһѺӰ߾Ͳ
µѾһտشоĹÿһĹǰһƤģ޹ĵĲǻˣǾŸͭ׵ĽʬϸһùͷɵĹĴûŴģ˹Ҳ̧ͷ
ĹϿ۴СʽһģһҲˣ֪һǲлǵꣿ


621 ̰֮Ĺ
ǰĽʬ޹ĲͣڵʯĹŻ򿪣صĽŲĹдĹͬʱӿһӶͭ׵ʬЩʬ͸ߴɫƣеͬѾ⼣߰ߣһӿʬ̼Χ˸ܲ͸磬߰ߵǰһŵʬڿ
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һʬͻȻֱͦͦ͵ڵϣڱ˿ự̷·ĳεڿ΢΢һƮеƿӣתʧƿС
ɫһ࣬˵ú֣ϰƿ
סִؽһСͺֿڿڱϣϺ֣ӿڴȡһͿɰӰƿϣΧס˵ʬ̧ͷ˼ȻȥЩʬûʶƾֱ˵ζ˼̧ͣͷ
¶һ˿죬˵λնɱʬĹ߾͸󣬴ұ־衣
ҶСĸ󣬴ʱͲصһʯΪûֵĹϵȻʬᵽζӦ죬ԶԶʬ̧ͷס˺Ҳȡһֿϣûб¶١
ϿǰоĹʬ㿴ȴµĶ᲻һĹ棿
ĹĳְҶɵĺ˶㣬ĥ˰Ҳͷ뵽Ͽһ֪Ķܶ࣬Ҳܿŵ
Ͽ˵Ǿ죬ͬĸֵܾ˾ΪգȻֻ̰ҪҵĹֵĹĹͶˡ
ҶЦ˵ʶ㣬ʬúܣ˶࣬ϻаƿҪõȴµıӦòѡ
Ͽ˵Ϊ˽Ϊۣ֮ĹоҲǶ֣οµһ
Ҷüͷ˵Ͽ˵֮һǳƾ˽ȥֻӴ򹷣˵һԿ֣»ôûߵıͷʹ
ǲǣʵҪҲûа취ֻмա
Ͽƿһ䣬дһ˿΢
ҶĿһʵҸô
Ͽ˵ȡµĶעתƵϣ˾ͲΣˣǲһҵ̰Ĺ
Ҷüʵô֪Ҳ̰Ĺҵأ
Ͽ˵ҵĹʬȺ֮ҪǼĹͻǽȥϸ۲ͻ֪ʬǱʶĶأǵĶڹĹΧ
Ҷһͷ˵ףҪҳǸʬļһ˲˳̰Ĺ
ʬΧµͼϸһ󣬳˵ҲҪʬոСӷֱĹңһӣŴ׺ͺڹѪȥʯţұϵ˳ڣ׼ٶԸʬļһ˶׼˺ڹѪŴסľ·յЧ
֧СжӱȡװڹѪڹĹԵʬһ硣
ڹѪеʬð̣ŵʬζڿҺ˶ź֣ýܱζǺιȥ
ʬ֮ڹѪˣڹĹԵʬѪһ񱻻յȰ˿¶ͨĹҵĴš
ûаԥٶȳĹңҸŮҲһĹңʯź¡ϡ
˽ĹңͷڽߵҶɴӴʯ˳ִ꽣ʬղѾϸ۲ʬĶܿʬļһǾŸ֣ºսԱǴĹʱԵ·ʬڹѪʬǱڹѪвŻ˿ĸȴһ˵˰ȫشۿ˽Ĺң֤ӵʶ
Թ壬ֻ˴˽ĹѰȴҪĶҶֱ֣̽˽ĹҺŸһ£һ飬ʱɱʱ
Ҷɽһ٣λһӰ֣һ룬Ѿ˹ԣ꽣һں־ֻ꣡ü˷ƤԴꤹ˵ϡ
꽣һ񣬽Ӱƾʧһ³촦ʣµ˲䷴ӦŽһʬ󣬲޵촽ȻſһһֿУһַһֽС
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̶Ľ紵˽ŽǣǧʬӶıҶ˹ҶصĽŲôΪ֮


622 ͭ׶ʬ
ǧʬ糱ˮӿŨʬŻҶɴʱĳĹֻвףмһʬһϹֽеĹ֣˾ҪǧʬΨնɱֳĹҲ
ȶҶɲػһǰʬͷ­˳ǰȥŹֺͷʬһĹҴţ鵶ӵعֿмһ߰׹һüġ
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գֵͲ򿪣ҶɿǰһԼ˿ߵʯǽ⻬ӦǱĥŻԥҪҪȥĹ̽ϴϿͳṵ֮̂ĹղնɱľӦþͳ죬Ĺг˯Ųѿʵҡ
ҶӦһ꽣鵶֣Ųǰȥ
һĹµѾ߽һյķĹңɢƤвëͿףǰһŶӦͨһĹҡ
һë궯˼£̾˿˵ǶڻʬĳղŴĹڳȥʬƽʱ;ۼǰΪɱı䣬ĹײҲûС
üͷһõ˵ͱΪ̾ˣҶҪطһҲˡ
һ˵壬ڴ򿪰ƿ
ۼŮ򿪰ƿµͷŶȥ߽Ŷ˲ϵı΢΢һ䣬ĹҵһĹǺ˹ǡ޹ǡĹͷĹڷһľ޴ͭףײϿӼ򵥵ͼ׸ϷһɿݵĻ
ʻѿήȴȻһĨ۵ĺɫ׹ǡ̹ס컨ɫ֯һĻ档
ҸŮսԱߵͭ׸ǰ˫ưڹһƣ׸Ƿһ첢ûƶһսԱ˵ɣԪһսӿŵϺŵģŲײĸСһ
µ˵ͷ˵Сġ
Ԫ䣬ưס׸Ǳǰһƣͭ׾һζ¹׸˿˫͵һټӰһƣͭһΣ׸ϵĻڵأɿݵĻؼ飬һѺɫĩ
ꡪ׸Ƿһ죬ƿԪϵı΢΢һͣͷƣѾֹͣ׸ôˣ
Сģ
±һǰ̽һѿסԪϿ˲䣬һֻ׾ֱ۴ָͭ繳ͿԪǰ
ۣžણ
Ԫ屻ϵúɴ˫סǰƣֻ߾ٵϿһʺ࣬뿪ಢûֹͣļأᲪ
Ѫָвϵ䣬Ԫʬ浹£ն˫ĹҶ߾ٵץѪܵ˹ײģһžĹһ̶ľ׽Ȼײ龰ʣµ˶֪ײڿʳࡣ
壬ը
һϺȣԵ̴ץһ׶ײģ׼ڵ˲ͽȻڿлһ߷Ĺҳڡ
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·ִץһѰ˦Ͷͭףֻžžžһ󳴶Ӱı죬ͭð˿˿̶̣ͣľ׽ٶ𣬹ײĶƺ᲻õѪʳвͲ¶˼
úڹѪѹײĵĶƳ
һȣһսԱ̴ȡ׼õѪƿҸ׿ڣڹѪóɲǣһӰͭбѪõ˿մ
ӰĹҶžһסͬʱ̧ͷȥһɫƤŮˣٲʬɱݣƤҰûǰǸŮˣһѪʬ
ŮʬֻצĹҶֻ۾·ˣƺѡ˭֡
߾аƿƿڶ׼Ůʬ֪ΪʲôŮʬûʬ㵹£ƺ԰ƿΪɵ󻺻ߣͽȻſһںڵѪ
߾ٰƿˣѪžһ£׹ðһƺ̣ŮʬѪоо綾


623 ŮӦ
ۡŮʬĹҶѪĿֻһ壬ƿʶĶʬܵв

һȣ̧һɢŮѪλ鼱֮ô˴ʶŮʬǧ꣬һ˵
Ůʬ﷢ֽУǰһһսԱһϣ˫ƴĳԾſհʬ󱳡
ŮʬͻȻֽ˫ŵŵصԾߣͷӹצ´Ϳͷ
ãͷһתֻŮͷһֻצοסѪ˲ʪ˰ӣŮʬͷҧ岱
壡һʹҲƵȭʬȻȴ˰벽ʬɭɭѾ졣
ࣣ˲䣬һƿͻȻ֣һƿֱŮʬŮʬ·˲̱ȥ
ַſƿӣ΢΢һξҪ£嵽ǰۼֿ죬һѱסŮӣȻܿ췢ְŮͷ˿ѪϺɫѾȥ
ʬʬ
һϽŰŮ£һŮʬɱؿϣѾ˲ö룬ץŴװ˰ŮͷʲôħʲôƨȲñŮҪ
ʱ˿̣ĹеҶߵһʯԣʯţȻû춯ֳסʯʹŲʯűŲһխ죬ȥһۣڹ¡˵ʲôҲһƺŷдԽ˸¡
ģʲôҲˣȥ˵
ҶɵһŲʯţֵĹɨһ飬Ĺߵǽϸյƣ;ƿݣĹһʯ̨ڷŵĲǹײģһͭķϻӣ֮
ǰִͭϻϣϵ
Ͽϻװʲô
˼룬Ͽ˵ͷŷӡͷ
Ҷüͷʵ廹ܱͷô˭ͷ
Ͽ˵ϹطԽӡͷ­ڣǰ㹻ǿ󣬷޷֧̫ãȻҲ֪˭ͷ­ȷһ㣬ͷ­һǲѷ½
Ҷ˵ô˵Դ鵶նɱӡôɲǰʲôĵͷ­зӡܱܲ鵶նɱա
Ͽ˰˵鵶ֻǽƷ֮ķƿϹµķӡõµĶмϣʵڲоֻȰͷȥ취
Ҷ˿ĭʵ˼Ҵͷȥɲʲô鱦ϻ鷳ġ
ȻҪߣ㲻֪ͷ­ļֵ鵶նɱӡ岢пΪƷƷٲȡ׼ֻ֮䣬һΣ鵶ʻô
Ͽø߿Ҷ˫аͷǷòˣϿһ϶缱ۣ˷ѵӼӹԺ˿ҲǳҪ鷳
ˣ˵ˣû𣿡
ҶһƵ˫ȥϻǣû뵽ǳʵ˼Ҳûҧҧֳ꽣ͭϻӲһ飬Ÿɱͷǰ
Ǻॡ
꽣ͽȻһ·һεһͷ­ƶ
սҶܸܵס΢΢һɣ꽣һʯ̨ϣ෭£ǿŸɱͷ­ϡ
ˣ꽣ôˣ
Ҷüһ䣬ƴǿͷ­꽣·ĳָӦȻһֱ׼ƣƺҪնȥ
ԭŮɵͷ­ѹӦ֮˲ᡣ
Ͽ̾˿Ѿ֪ͷ­˭ԯƵ֮ŮȴУŮɡ
Ůɣ˵ǽŮɵԴ˵˵⵽զ£
ҶˣڸоЩû뵽ʬ֮Դᱻװôһͭϻ꽣вӦ֮飬ӦŮʲôϵҾ죬Ͽ
Ͽ˵ŮɲǽǺ񣬵Ӧһսȣһˮݵˣ¹֮սʤ߾ͲԯƵۡ
꽣һԽ·˵һϹų飬ˮİҪȵرݣĲ»ҫұ۵Ĺ¼ӰȵһɱɢΪԶİ


624 ع
ֻ֪ԯƵ¹֮սȣӴһͳĸΪĹ֪ⳡսĹһԿ£ӦŮɡ
ӦˮŮǺ˱Ӧˮݣȴƫƫ£ͨˮ𲢼ãͽƣȫˮ¡
޵ĲԯƵۣӦŮɣͭϻеŮͷ­֪Ӻδ˵Ůɺ裬Ҫӡͷ­Уǧز÷
Ӧ֮ڽкӡͷ­еŮ֮ӦϿ˻ϻӣˮµ¡
˵ӦΪϹ˫ȴѱ۱֮£ÿеģˮһֶ¶֡
ֱһ죬Ӧһ֣һĸһŮˣͲڸУΪɬ¶
ԺӦһλ֪ˣһһи質תۼȥһԴδŮ֮˳Խ֪ĸ飬ĳľԯƵ۵ŮŮɣ޿ɾҩİ˱ӦֲȷӦԼĸ飬ոһգ긴һꡣ
ֱһ죬ԯƵͬ׵֮ȿսҲΪɣһսؼĻ
˫ͽƣһ·ԯƵ۽ڽڰˣΪתַܾųӦսλʵǿϹ
ӦΣս׳ԯƵ֮Ůһսնȣܹ齵ӴһͳĹ
칦ϣԯƵ۵ڽҪŮ󹦳ӦΪޣȻӦҲһڻؾűʱԼŮˣȻ˴δ棬Ƿݰ裬ǸŮȢκŮӡ
ԯƵʧӦ֮ŮһԣϲɫͷȴĪݣȴһսо綾ֶս٣Ծ䣬Ϊİѡ
Ӧ֪ŮɾǣƵİˣ칦ܾٻѡصĵطһСݣȴ˳֡
Ȼо綾ŮɲΪѾһªޱȵĹ֮ǧͿ̿ԯƵʹɱŮȥ콫Ůɶ֣޼ƿʩ֮ʱ뵽ӵӦֻɱŮɣա
ӦһһˮڻȪذ޹⣬ӦѳŮһŮɻָò˵ĸҥ
ʱ˿Ӧ֪һУŮɾȵİˣں޽ӱŰ˵ʬڻȪ֮ߣꡢǧꡭֱ廯ϸҡ
Ͽ˴˵е£ݵ꽣ȻŮͷ­˯ڰ˻
Ҷ̾˿˵ܴ˵ǼҶٴŮ֮⣬ϣôһƿӡɡ
Ͽ˵ҲãȻӦ֮ʧȥ˴󲿷ʶǵŮɣ˸жպͷ­߰ɡ
Ҷ꽣ϸ˵ƣڰ취⿪ӡʱǷŵһ顣
꽣΢΢һģָֻ£ס
Ҷ꽣ͷ­װ̧һʯȥһĹﵽʲôö֪ĸоڽĹҵһ̾һ˫۾ڰһһ˫۾֮¡
ʯŴ򿪣һĹңҶǰȻһ·ɲǼǧյƣǰֵѾĹңһټĵعڵλǵعڣǰһʯţĲˮˮźֻ»ᵱӷڿеˮ
ʷǰͷ򻯹ҲˮشǰһЩĹõ˴ȻˮҺ̬þԤĹӷĹеˮһءഫսеĲ䣬û뵽ʱѾȻˮ
ʯŲǹΣǱֱǰʯſխһ£عž޴ҹ飬ʷϼأ׵ʱھͳֹҹ飬֮Ϊҹ󡱣ش֮ǰҹѳᣬĹСԴ򡱣عеȷд
ҶѾԶԶλʯžͷһʯ̨ΪŽףߴһʯΣһȫ׵Ŀˣͷϴһţǿ˫ֽסһʾ޵ֱǰ·ڵͷ˼š˫üĴһĨɢᡣ
оô
ҶԺбĳһֵͷλ߸ϵпλ˵۰µĴ


625 նʬᵶ
عҶڵλþ棬ʱ˫۾ͻῴλİߡ
ҶĿѸɨܣûз壬̨¶һز״ƵβͣµûĻӦһβ
Ͽǰи״ţͷļһһͷϻҲ֪ǲǽʬڸô
ѵعеʵ֪ϿϿʶ㣬ȡԸ
Ͽ˵ܼ򵥣ǲǽʬǰ
䣬ҶѾν̨̨ϵиһεѹǰǸ⡣
̨ϵͻȻ˫ۺһվֳִʾ޵ɨһ罫嵽ǰҶ岽е¶˲ﵽ㡣
Ҷɳϵأǰһʹ̨ڿһбնУûԳԷǳ֮ǰ׺ˣҲֻһ߽ʬ
Ǻ
Ľ𶯶Ĥ꽣ؿڵϱĿĻ𻨣ֳִʾ޵һٿµҶɶߡ
ҶɽŸվȣǰ̨һͷ׶ͻͷҲǽʬǰսܣǰצǰһ˾͵СҶͷſѪҧͷ­
Ҷɲܣס鵶һɣһ뽩ʬŵ
໣ʬһͺһ˵ڵأһǿ˲ͶҶɲϵĵ׹û
Ҷ̧Űѽʬ߽ˮأϴϿ͵͵ȣӦǡԡҲµûõǻǵ
ǵʲôر𣿡
ҶѾ鵶ʲôǵȤȱȱϿһ䡣
ǵñһ˫һħ𡭡
Ͽжһ˿صζƽ˻ǵ
ഫԯƵභ꣬ս书ڲ֮䣬ʤԯƵ۵þŮԯ񽣣֮ʵƽб
ܼȷҪѰһԯƵۿ⣬¿丸٣ʳ׺ޱȣභʿʬ޴³ǵıҲɡ
֮ŭϲһȥһսһУ˿סؾ塣
ϹŴףػдʮ죬ձһӲޱȵĽһǴ̵֮鱻׷뵶гΪ顣
ôȴϲҹ࣬Ψս겻ͷսϹĲ֪ޱȣΪãŻƵ˻ǡ
ߣսڴ齱ߣҹ˾жȻǣսĻһڽ븹Уñѹ顣
ҹȥתսѪڴߣȴ֮ĴѰңȥսҵ
սΪѹ뵶ڵдһ΢ƽ⣬ӵɷսģΪȥȽΪǡ
ǵԯಮ٣ԯƵۺȵʵص˵ƽ״̬Ȼʤ
ǵǵһ˫Ҳпһѣγ˫Ҫʱ˺ͣҪһҪһԸ뵶飬Թ޻ڡ
ϿĽҶͷһѹΪսϧͬʱָпսĲпᣬǵʵսĲûǳսҲͲڡ
еԵļһôõǵ
֪֪һ㣬ԸʹѾǵܻǵӦΪ˵ȴ߹ϧһȾǧꡣ
ϿһĴ𸴣ԾǸߣŻǵȴȻع飬ʿս£ʱǨתǧأ;ʿǶ˽ʬǵȴ֪ںη
ҶƲƲ˵ԶʹõĻǵҪҲûãɴ಻ҪʡЩֽš
Ͽ˵ǵȻ޷ֱʹãõĲƷʶ鵶ǿǧٱ꽣ɷҲʲô¡
ļٵģ˼԰ڻɲ꽣
Ҷ¶һĨڵ˷ܣܰ꽣ɷһĶĺ£ΪҲҪ취ѵ
Ȼģа취Ĩɱǵ飬¯ԭĲϣֲϷǳѾҲˡ
Ͽĸпյһ룬ҶѾֳ㳯̨ȥޱƶҪõǵҪǿ̨ϵǧʬ


626 
СʱҶִһʵ߳ĹҴţǰһʬڵϿҧʲôʬɢѾ˹в
أ
һǿ׳ʬϳһѪ״壬ܵһͷУۼҶɿһȣϵıȻһӵ˽ǰȺʬڿҧ߲ʬɢһصĵƬѲ³ʬԵʿ
˵Ҳ֣ԭڷѪʳʬͻȻеѪʳ˿߲ʬǰֻʣҶһˣȺʬ·ĳӦԹ԰ѵѪʳ˳
ҶƳһ˿ʬϵı΢΢һ㵣ָܿ򶨣һ뿪Ƭʬе֮ء
̧ͷգֵͷһϵʽֱҡͷ͵̾˿ҶС˳ǳˣһԤϵ˻Ľ뵽һ̲סеϧʰöӳش·ȥ
߳һˮŤͷһ϶¶һĨŵı飬ֱ̧һ˫ۣٿȷǻþҶС峯ӳ񹤷Ѿ
һѣ
Ҷ΢Ц巢ڴ˸к˺ӰٰѴϰ
ߵǰվסֽĺ¿ӣʵҶС磬ѲһЩơǰﳤ˵ҧҧ羱ҧһ
Ҷ죬ְѲһһõ˵Լ˸ϽѴȥҸط
ߵǰϸ˿Ҷɼ羱λʲôЦˣϽǰ塣
˰̧һշضغãҴʱѾȫڱȴֲ֪ôԹ༸ۻϾȫڶ
Ҷɻص䣬һˬѣóֻͨε绰꣬Ͳдεͳô
ҶͷȻһ˵Ҳûʲô£ôˡ
̾˿˵ˣʧˣʧС㣬ôСرεأ
Ҷɵ˵ûҾҴ壬ʱ棬ñ̫֪
Ͳͷδһڴ֮ǰ֪ҴȻû뵽ҶɾҴ壬С̫ˡ
ţʱϵˡ
˸βҴҹҶϵ绰ȷһ취Ҷȡϵ
Ҷպõ绰һԵĻǵĹնʬᵶһĻȻ£ʬֵǿףƴűĺһų䲻鵶üģֻ˭»Ǹδ֪ؿڻʹ
˷ȡǵޱȣҲ׮ֵã鵶ǿ꽣ֻչϾܴɷɹ󼴱쾳Ҳһս
Ͽдһ˿ڵ˷ܣջʢЩ⣬Ҳ̲סСҶӸˡ
ҶɵһЦ˵ʬԵҲҰγǵ治֪ⶫʲôŹ֣
Ͽ˵ǵศδػøҰܱɱ³ϧһֱ໥ѹƵ״̬ۿۣʵʬԿʹûǵֻǰһΪĸǵˣҲΪã˲Żеõ
ҶְסͷֱһΣֻǺһԽһĨ̵˫΢Уˮһ⻪ɭȻתʱΧĿ¶ȷ·𼱾½һϸܵļƤ
ŨҵɱȻһ׵
ҶԸпһ䣬ֵỮǣľһǣо˿̶ȸ鵶еһƴ
ˡű죬Ҷüͷʣʵ˭
ҶС磬ڰ֪ĸӰȥڣͱ˳ȥ˵˱Ѿˡ
ڵе㼱٣еͷɽУξĹĶ֮Ϊ𡱣Щ˾ͽнедС֣֮СļǮͣǮҲˮͱ񣬳ֺˬֻ˿ϵĶһ᲻ֶŪ֣УξǶ־ηڵﲻ
Ҷһõ˵ڣӳɶѣҸûҵʲôֵǮĶǻȥ
С磬ҪǱĽҶܴˣλͷ̫Ҫǲ˵Ƕˡ
ſǻﰵݣҪǱ֪ĸͱ˽ڣ飬һǻʺ
Удġ
Ҷͷ΢΢һû˼֣еĹ˳Ķһ˵͡


627 
꣬űƿ˽˶ʮµͣ΢֣һЩ΢ͺһŲЦţһ廨Ǯ¶һЦŽεۻ
ҶɶԣָһСţһһƬƮڵϣûпƣȴõܿϵӣŶѴҹ飬԰һ鷺ƵĹơ
ڶϵҹ˰Σ˦˦ͷع빪ǰЦŽܵҶС磬ϰϰ壬Ȧ쵱Ĵ˵ת˽ܣλϰ壬λҶС磬ܴڣţˡ
λһۣǰ˸˵ҶСñ£ĳ˵ʱ۽ǵⲻϵĹƺӣ΢΢ƶϾеģ۾ֱܷš
ҶɵһЦ˵λϰ嶼ǴҲģƴģλȿ۵Ļ̸ѻǵͷóʾˣҹӵع˳ģ飬ʬصĶӿ˳ּ𴧽˿ڴóո
ϰǰϰ첽˹ȥϸ˰¶һĨϲɫ˵ȻǾµĶӵӦǾʮһλͳ֮һԡ
ϰ汲еˣرʶַΪóһƾϳ֣;ǹרҲҪ̾硣
ϰһҹ飬˰޵öҹ鶼÷ĹөʯƷ۸ڰϡ
Ҷ˸ĴָЦ˵λеˣһ㶼ϴݡ
ϰڨЦ˵ֻǸܴʵʼ۸ǻһļ۸񡣡
Ҷһ˵ã㶫ƴŪģȻϣϸߵļǮ
ϰ˵ģ۸治㣬ҹţҺƻһ˳һţҲȥ
δ䣬Ҷһҹһ࣬Ц˵ϡΪֻʣһˡ˵ָһĵҹ鷢һ걬죬תȭͷɿָҹ黯һĩ¡
λ¶һĨ𾪵ı飬ٿҶʱѾһ˿ηǰλԴڣͳ˲ǿޱȵʵӦܵء
ϰٺЦƽ֣˵ҶСֶΣҸֻܼ۸ߵˣ㿪۰ɣ
ҶϵʯĩЦ˵۲æ֪˭λҴڣϢʵԼ㹤Ҳܲ͵Ƿλ飬Ժ͵öһʱ֪ͨλ
ϰ嵭˵ҶС磬Ҳһ⣬Ϊһ˵Ϣ˵֡
ҶɵͷһЦãʰɡ
ϰɫһ࣬ʵ֪ѻϵͽôˣǽһڣ
Ҷһ˼˵ʿȥڣҲ֪ҴĹʱѾһȺӿеֻʣ¼ͷ
ϰ̾˿˵ϧˣһǰѻϵұ֤˵һܴڣ͵öû뵽ô³Ϣ˽ʿڣ
ϰ˵ΪΪʳѻϵûʲôֵÿģ̸ǵ⡣
ҶƷҹһ𣬵˵ҲҪ࣬Ψһһҹǧ򣬹ͷ˭Ȥֻ֧ܿƱˣֻһ۸ߵáҹ˵ҲʲôϡعǽϴССмٿţȫڳֻӶֻһţһƸ֡
ϰ˫һɣ˵ǧ򲻹ҳǧ򡣡
ϰüͷ˵СӿҪˣҳǧ򡣡
ϰϷһĨ죬ɤӽеǧҪˡ
ϰ嵭˵ף֪㿴ŵǧ˵㣬ҳǧб¼̧ӡ
ϰһ˵ǧ򣬽ʯǮˡ
ǧ򣡡
ϰޱĺһǮһž޴Ľʯǧֵ
ǧ˰򡭡
ǧ򣡡

ҶЦеıŰӿ̧ۣʵ֪ҹһܷĴʯղӾ¶ˣٴҲû취һʯǾǰλ˼©Ȥ


628 ڳԺ
һżֵǵĽʯҹλ̧ۣ۸ǧʼǧ򣬰ڿ˸Ŀɿڴﰵ˼⣬ѹҶС־ôѣ֪ڣڲбһҹͼֵǧڵҲ׬һͷ󣬵ҲҪȥڣݺһʡ
һڣֽ֧Ʊϰһһ۸񣬵ֻѪ˿ӺǮѾóļޣŶϰҲóһֽҪ
ϰҡͷ̾˿Ĵָ޺˵ݣҲˡ
ҶɵһЦϰϲΨһҹˣ֧Ʊ뿪ţһžǧ˰һ򡣡ǿΨһ֣ʵعҹǴ·ѵˣ׼ټŻȥˡ
ϰһЦõĹͷָ˵лϿ֧ƱһֽǮһֽ˵̴ӿڴͳ֧Ʊͱʣǩֽ֧Ʊ˹
Ҷɽӹ֧Ʊɨһ۰һŴڴҹ͹ƽϰ壬ʣµһ֧ƱݸڣЦ˵ĳͣ鷳λȥ
ϲ̵֧Ʊλ뿪ǰϰݸҶһƬ˵ҶС磬ԺкöֱӸϵǮ
ϰҲʾȡһƬ˹ȥЦе˵ҵƬкöңһܸļǮ
ڹİλͳţҶɹϷϢһ쵹ͷ˯ȥ
գҶ˯Ȼѣ첻׼ȥڣܵ뿪ȥ٣ϴϱϴţյھͿӭʻ
ǰʻҶͣ£סȥ·ͬʱһȺǹ죬ڶǹһ׼·ߵСҶӣΪͷһ꾯٣һ֧תǹ˻Σ˵˫ֱͷڵϣ
ҶɨһۣͽȻһԾɿӵһ󣬳ǹһͣһʱԭأץ˵ģǹɲҿ
꾯ٴʲôȥץˣϺܿЯΣƷܲԿǹ
γѰعһѷǳ嵽ȴӰȫޣϿĸ֣һȺ
꾯ߵǰϵĴִ룬˵ɵվţңһڸ
ǷɢѰңѰҵķΧʮף꾯̲סһȺδ䣬ͷһ磬ʶ̧ͷȥֻһźӰֶ£һ룬ϴһ˿⡣
˵ɣ˭ģ
Ҷ鵶ס꾯ٲӣһַֻɿԷڴͳһ֤󹫣ſй̾ӳ
󹫴˵ӷǷĹ
žϰһǶ⣬ߴһʣش⡣
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ᾯ֤򿪿һۣ¶һĨɫæǹԵľǴ죬ǹ
ԥ˼Űǹᾯǰ֤ݸҶɣ˵ſй̾ӳű֤
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629 ׵
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630 ʳħ
˫΢Ҷе꽣ǹһĨǳǳ仡˵ү濴ˣϵĺڽ뿪Σ
Ҷ˫ס΢΢һͷЦ˵˸ܾãƾţӺߺһҪߣû˯Ѱɣ
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631 鵤
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632 ѪΪҩ
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Ȳƿţüͷ΢΢һšŵһɵѪһ嵽ԣŮڵ͵ͳҶȴӰϴּڴˮ죬Ӧ档
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633 ͷ
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Ҷɳ״ȥڣ鵶Ʒʵͷ˻𳵷ر𳵱ȷɻɷԴѹ
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ŴǣŮѻߵŮǰЦе˵ٻأҪҪ㼸У
ٻ˻еĳ΢Ц˵ðţϽٻ֮á
ŴٲŹκŮǰ԰ڵĻᣬǰƣ㼸žѧ
ʲôľţҶɳһս
һŴٵĻѭȥԶɳ̲һӰ
ǽߵҶҲİˣϵı΢΢һ㵣ͷ죬Ǹܵһ׶ôʲô
Ǽ飬Ǹľɴ磬׿㣬ѥȽ̤ɳ޺ۡ
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Ŵֽӹȴһ£תͷȥŮ
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Ŵüͷ˵һǳҶģҶӲȻҪ鿸ҴӦ㣬ܲ־ˡ
һӰӶǽǵ˳伸Ծ˼ǰŴĿէ˵ģôûǽһ룬ϵıٿȻһ䣬ִǽǱĳļһõаٱ䡣
Ҹ磡
ٻһ۾ϳҶɵıӰϵĴŵɽ
Ҷɱժñӣƫͷһ۶ļ飬Ц˵ǰŸյ͸ˣ˵ɣҸɶ
ޱ˵д裬ǰˣںˡ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷ˵дû壬˵Ҳ򲻹ҡ
üͷ΢΢һš˵֪ҵɣһ
Ҷɷ˸˵ƨҪҲԣӦһͷˮôҲ벻׼ΪʲôǧԼд裬ͷʹ
˵ͷ˵ֻҪҴʲôҶӦ
Ҷһ˼⣬ͷ˵ҪҸû˵ĵطʹʹһҵܼ򵥣ܽ˭˭ӮдĹ̺ͽܸߵ֪ͬĻϾߡ
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635 ۶
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ڣͷͻƾӦһʱ֪ʦ캽ʦָԽ
캽ϲ֮һƾķӣһʵ൱Ķȫһսʤܶпܳɹƾ˼ҵһʵѡҶɣ˲սһĻ
Ҷɲ֪дΪƾ뵱ȻΪһﻹŲ´¶дΪһسӡ
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ҶǹһĨǳǳĻȣȻ˵ܺãʼһֻڿתȻһڹ⳸հ¼ٷ䣬ѣ־顣
һԾڿзɿ췭һΥѧķʽֱ߰ҶһգͷҲ̧һϣܼӺδأӭ鶯˸Ľ⡣
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ڰٿȻתͷ³ֱֽ䣬һ׹գЮһױȵϳĽɨһգֱҶͷ䡣

ҶɱһȻ̧˫սۻնϡĽڶµĳƫšһۣȻ׹Ťתһ򣬾һŤ˲䣬˫ţ߸Ĺ˷ʤ
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Ҷɽºܳ׿⣬ָ̧ż˵Сд裬ֱ
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Ҷ˫սһڣϵأͷ˵ϴһһӮ˵ʱϵƤʼ΢΢鴤εʹüٶȻţֱܳܵٽ㣬ֻҪٶһ֣үһ֡
һͷܺãǾϴһһӮ
䣬չһƽݶҲƶŲȴڿǰнһҫ۰׹ʱ龰Ϊƣһ룬ϵİ׹ޱȳһûʢСֻһû۵İɫֱǰ
ҶûжϵʹȫȻʧһǳǳĻȣЦˣЦޱɣ꽣һƽ飬Ƶú·ƶһɽ
ॡ
һ𷢳죬˫˸ǰϵıޱأһ룬·һ͵ȻӰͬʱοնһһ⳸գ¡ͻȻһľ죬ӰȻɣֻֽ㻯¡
Ҷͨһ˺ˮĸ˴󲿷׹ʱĳоǰһڣԴĺɳʵʵһɳӣֵҵθӲƺϻغöˣûιȥ
µɳϸ棬ԼȻ밶ʮףŰ꽣Уþ乷ʽ˹ȥ
صߣҶɸоͷɢ˼ƵģؿڻʹûͣǿŴɳղȫӲƴһżСҲֲȥɱڽʯϡͿˤˣôҲҪȰҵ˵
վֱתͷܣԶԶһһ˶ߵĴʯһˣһԴð̵ļһͷİ뵲ɢȻ۳ڴİ׻


636 ɽ
ʯǼ飬ŸҶƴһֱӳǲɶϣһ쾳ͥ澭ͨ裬Ũ罺ھбڰٻᣬ칬գ֮뵤ʵһ㶹ĵ衣
һ߾磬Ӵ˻Ķжһ֣顣
ҶŲߵʯǰ̧ͷڽʯϷļ飬Σ¶һĨȻı飬ҸǴ˼ģҪͻˡǰҲйƾľһѾ֪ƾĹͷʪ¿ڽʯɹ̫˳СͻʲôģмŵģԻ
ߵǳȣһСʱͰʪ¿ɹɣҶɻ¿㣬ʯϵļƤ˼»Ծ½ʯһĴ˸˵ܳɹͻ쾳㣬лл
Ҷ˵СӲʵҴΪƾɣ
ͷ˵û뿪ڣҾƾĸӦʦҪƾõİ취һλ൱Ķȫһսʤܶпܳɹƾ
ҶɵһЦ˵ȫҿûȫ쾳ʶüҲûôûдţǰֻɱһõ쾳ߡ
΢΢һЦ֪ĿһһսڶǸ㽻ѣѡ
Ҷؿ£һƵ˵ҷСͦƻģһƸ棬㽻ҪԿġ
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СͰҪû⣬Ѻܶ࣬㲻Ψһѡ
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¶һЦݣ˵û⣬ҲԳΪҵѡ
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Ҷ⣬˵ܶһְСκãҪ˸ۡ
ٻְסֱ˵磬ͦõģǿԼԷɣٲԲ˶ˡ
Ҷһͷļ飬һϷʵ˵˲ٲԻᱻ˳Թ⵹ģ˵ˣҳԷ
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ɽһɫװӰӥǵһԾϼһĥʯ飬һһ鲻Сʯ飬ӯԾѾ˶԰һֱͶɽ֣꣬Ѿվһ³̦ĸʯڸǰ̧ʯô˾£ʯһ۵Ŀ϶»ɽҪľʦ𣡡
꣬ӿ϶дһͳʲô£
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637 
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Сôſһ䣬дһ˿˵ʱĺӶڶ
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Сʯ̳ɵĵ·첽ǰУʱһڱεĹʽǰһ̽ң֣ĵͣ½ŲṬŹ˵
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¶Ի˸Ҿ߽Ṭš
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һͷ˵ӽʦԸ
˰˰˵ܺãͼԿԻȥȡʱҲˣһ綯٣ȥɣ
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Ҷסһڶ峿뿪˴α֮ƾɹѡһζ¶Ӯҡ
ҶɰѼ͵ٱʱյһСһָֻ˽ָ붼ñŤϡͿ˴ڴ£ڷغ·ӵһ绰һĵ绰
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ãͣʫ˵Ҷӣһ˾ưô
Ҷɵ˵ãϾ˵̹Ҷϵ绰ֱưɡ
һ𽫾ư˸ɾڻѾ𣬻ԭڵ飬ưеһжյøɸɾʫӢȳ˻𺣣ǰĽ棬ͳ绰ͨһ룬Ȼʼŵ绰ޡ
ʫ绰Ҷɵԭܼ򵥣ҸԼޣư˶˵ûжʧⳡյһѾϰÿưɣȺȾƣ֣ڱȫˣģһʱ뵽ҪС˷


638 ԰
ʫ绰ȶԵİӢΪưɣ¶һĨɫѹ˵㣬һ˹Ż𡣡
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Ӣ˵㻹ǵǰǸļһôӵʱһݻ˵Ҫһѻյưôһɾġ
ʫüͷ˵˵İɣгĶӣгĶӦò֪ɣ
αгܽĶӣƽʱѧиʵȨϵӦаԵǰһ﹫ӸưɺȾƣһžƾռʫıˣһ˫צϿ̣
ʫƽʱֻɫӦ࣬Ķ˴ӣûϾư˸ͷԣȻѵֻʣ˸ֹ裬̬¶˶ѼңǰָЩǣҧųݻҪһѻյưɡ
߳ŭʱ˵棬ʫֻǸЦû뵽Ź쾣ưɾͱ֮һ棬òɣǻûҵȷʵ֤Ҳǰ״
빫ԱڻֳѰңԱڰ̨ڼһžˮľҵһսʬ壬Աܿʬȡ֤ݵ֤һֵĽơ
׻˵»ֵĽƸ˼ҵĺӳѾ£ЯףͬʱҲΪṩһ֤
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Ҷɻߵʫԣ˵ʫ㣬ˡ
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һִ˵ܳСһֻһΣԼڼľϸ質ȵսᣬҲȻֹʫ¬׼ھþΪưһʹһʶһưĳֲɿ˾Ͳؿȥľĸ質
Ҷɲ֪еԭɣһ˵ʫ㣬Ҳ᲻þưɣ¿ʱϰ壬˵һ̯
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ҶɿЦ˵㣬ư˸޼ҿɹһëǮϵôֱֱֱۣ̫һӲϴϣֻͣ§Ÿ첲
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Ҷæ˵һʱҲ꣬ɴǳԷɣ֪Ϊʲôʫţ˩סҪѺѡ
Ҷ٣ˣ涨ưɸ˺ԱҪܵ顣
һҶתͷȥ˵ǲܹⶨһƬͨ죬ձ𿾹
Ҷüͷʵ˶ٸ
ܹⶨǺǰѹ˵һߵЩ⣬гСġ֪еѾסˣԳ˵
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ʫϵı΢΢һ䣬ҡͷ˵ҸӢյϢϹѾˣ֪гĶӽ˾ưɡ


639 Ů
ʫû˵ѣͰӢвڳ֤ݣֻԷѵ㹤ܲ鵽λԱҲһ֪֪ʲôʱľưɣжѸ֮һ棬Ҫҵưɵ֤ݲףûҵ֤֮ǰưκ˶ųɡ
ҶɻһܣԲܹⶨ˵ҹȥʬ壬Ҳⷢ֡
ܹⶨͷ˵ʬûƶҴȥֳʶҶɵİܰλǲҲǼ£Ȳ˵ưаҲ˿鵲ơ
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Ҷ٣ס
ܹⶨʱݹһףҶûƳ٣ӹ̴ϣʬ壬һ˵˿ڱǶлңǱɱʬͲ֣ͬʱҲ֤һıɱ
ǻǻûлҽӦ˴ֿ϶ǿȥľưɺ͵Ƶ¼˵ҵЩõ
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ܹⶨһ۾ͱϳ˶ñ˵ݣģưһֶǻŵģΪʲô뾣ưû˷֣ʲôʱɱ
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Ҷ鿴Ŵƺҵϸ΢ã̧ͷְ˰̫Ѩ˵ڵп͵͵Ǳ뾣ưɷŻԶжץҲгֲڳ֤ݣѹֻ޿֡
ܹⶨҶ˵ÿһ֣ǲΪʲôԶĵطһ˵ж
ҶɴŲµֵַ֮ԴñӺ͸󡾵ԭܼ򵥣Ϊưһ֮ǰѾˣֿʬݻ裬ϿƺЩ˼ʵϲ⡣
ɱˡʬݻгֵʱѼڳ֤ݣ㹫ҲӦ
Ͽ˭ڱʬ壿
Ҷ뵽˿죬һﵽҲûƺЩˡ
Ů󣬾ڱʬ塣
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Ůʲôô
ҶüͷоϿ˵߯ɴ࣬ƺеصζ
Ͽ˵ŮϹʱһλŮףӵжԿѱз۰һӵп˺Ͷʬŭɳʮ伤սɷԱɽϣɽˮŮѱз޷սʮڻɽ֮ۡ
ҶϿƺһɺ⣬ƲƲʵϿǲͦ屻ʮŮ󣿡
ûҲ죬Щα¶Ķ侴ǻңǴսһŮѣ̸Ͼ
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ҶϿ֮Ľ̸ܹⶨһֱҶϵı飬Ļ˲ԹɫΪҪ
Ҷ٣Ҫһ𣿡
ܹⶨѯʵҶɣ˳š
ҶҡҡͷٿˣӸưɵ޹أ漰һЩĶһЭư
ܹⶨظ㳤һڴ˵ãЩִֻͨܰͨӣгСӣưѹܴ󣬻æ
Ҷһĵ˵ͷ˵û⣬иΪѾưɵˡ
ܹⶨ˵ҲΪѾưɵˣйѯһ¼Ҫģֻܾư
ҶĿⲻɨػ棬ϵıٿȻһ䣬ڻѾлʵʱأÿԿưſڵưɷԱŤ˫ְס⼸ΧʫͰӢҪ˶֡
һĲֳվһǰָֻţƺ˵ʲô׼ѶŮԶͣһɫСγ뿪ĳһ˫۾עһС
ģղĻˡ
ҶһͺȺվܹⶨҪȰ˵䣬ǰһѾӰ
Ӣ빪ӵʫǰŶľ죬ԷҶǿԥĳ֡
ֳֶ̧Լһӣ˵ǻʲô˴ȥ˰˶ȣϵ͹ҪڽγԼ˵ÿһ仰
첽ŮӢ˫һ׼֣ʫִͷ˵֣˸ȥһ˹֡
һ쭷ͻȻǰֻǰһڣӷ·ײһ󵯻ɣһ˼ףͬײ˸浹һؿڲֳűϣʹһ˫ֱǰ
ҶŤͷʫһЦ˵ʫ㣬Ҹһȥ֡
ֳ˼룬촽˵ô㣿
ҶתͷЦ˵ɲôһΪЭưڶʫҽ㣬ľưҲܲܡ
ֳ˵Ҷ٣ǻȥ˽һҲû˼Ͳøȥ˰ɣ
Ҷһҡҡͷ˵Уǹȥ
ֳһĺڽγֳѾϣһͷ˵ãǹȥ
Ҷ̧һָסԱЦ˵ҵĳúܣĸû⡣
ֳϵ鴤£˸ƣ̷ſ˷Ա
Ҷ˫΢΢һУ˵ʫ㣬ҼӣеҪ졣䣬һӵڽγԣ̧ڳ¡
£¶һŲЦĹһް߰׵ˣ˵һƤֱ֤쵽ǰ
һгɣ
Ҷܴϸоһɲͬڳ˵ƣֻھþӸλϲܸܵԶ϶ϵ˺ܿĵĸס
ֽӹ֤ɨ۵ݻҶУ˵ܽ
Ҷɵʵ˽һӵûиһŮ߽ʲô椵Ů˷ͻҲ˵ЦǳҪľ鸽һ㶼ȡһԭֻ֣ҪҵŮ֮Ȼ˽
ܽüͷ˵ƽʱٹ飬Ҳ֪ʲô˽Ӵ绰СʱҸ𸴡
Ҷɰ֤ڴһ绰룬ܽµ绰˵ͷк˾뿪
ҶɿźڱѾư͵й֣ʫ¼ȫͬɿ¼Ĳܾ٣ʻҪůҪ˲赹ˮһСĵλү̾ӳñӿɾͱˡ
¼ʱպùȥСʱҶɽӵܽĵ绰λг˰Чʺܸߣ汻ҵһŮйصŮˡ
Ů˽椣ĵǰŮѣҾסưһָҶľǸ椾ȻʰҽԺĻʿ
ҶɼԿ϶椾Ů֮Ŀ϶ʲôɱ֮ΪʲôҪʬվưأʵ˷ѽ⡣
ܹⶨϱ¼΢Ц˵Сڿˣһϵʽϣѯʡ
ʫԼĵ绰룬ܹⶨ̶ʼ¼дһԵҶɿ˵ܾ٣鷳ȥᣬҸʫлҪ̸ǵùš


641 ϮɱŮ
ܹⶨʶȤ߳˰칫ңŹϣҶߵʫԣһʵʫ㣬ϲʶһ椵ģĵǰŮѡ
ʫü˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ˵ʶǰưɡ˵һͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ǰھưɺ˸иŮ˹ݺţŮʲôš
ҶĿһ˵ڰѵʱҽĴŮǶΣǳҪղ¼ȫͬҲʫ˵ɲûĴŮ˵顣
ʫ˵ͷ˵顣
ĵȵƣ࣬ϡﻩʦӢڸʱˣ˵СֶΣʧ̬ѵֻʣֹ̨裬һ·ѸֹܵˣͦСһڸֹĥ䣬ƺѸֹܴ
ӢƵľһʱЧԣ֮ɨأ޲Ҹضȥƫƫʱ߽һŮˣŮǰ˵˼ʲôܵͻȻ󶯸λ𣬰ڵغݺڶţвͣܵ˼ﳤȥʱתͷһݻ˵ʲôҪյưɡ
ŮŴӵʧһ۾ų̛ת뿪̵ƺ죬ûŮˡ
ҶʫĽѾ˵ףָоƣܵȻǸҲﲻ򰮳ɺɱҲˣΪʲôҪʬջپưɣ
ֻм椲ܽ⿪ҶɾȥʰҽԺһλʿʲôԭɱ˾ҪܷɵƲá
ʫҶɸ첲ʵҶӣǲǸߵŮɱ˷Ż𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ֻǻɣʱȷ
ʫԥһ˵Ů˿źӣӦ顣
ҶɿЦ˵˲ò࣬ŮҲ񲻵ķ񣬲˵Щˣؼҡ
ʫ˵ͷҶ߳칫ңʱӢԱѾ¼Ҳһ˹֡
ҶԱȻ˽ԷСʫһ·ϾŴֱⷢͣڼſڲŻع
Ҷӣȥô
ʫҶȥС˵ԵĲɡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ͲȥˣЩȥϢ
ʫǿһЦ˵ǺðɣҲˣܴӦһô
Ҷͷһʵɶ£
ʫĵһۣ˵Ǹ椵ǸŮˣ㲻ҪΪһСưɽ㻹𡣡
Ҷԥһ£ҡҡͷ˵һưһôȥ㣿Ŀ϶ҪΪԼ鸶ۡ
ʫû˵ʲôתȥ֪СҶѾӵ˳˵ʵҲΪԼһ仰ıСĳˡ
ʰҽԺһȺ֮ͣҽԺǹҺſΪһˣʿ椣ɻʿ˼٣˸ֻȥ
и椹ϵĻʿȺĿĸ˼ε绰绰Ѿػλƽʱǫѷʿƺ鷳
椵ļ·ưһֲףԭҾԣСķزˣǧвƣʮ길ĸϳ׵һ־ĸ׺һӣѡѧҽĳԾΪչĸףȥĸײֻʣһˣʧʱġ
տʼĶ椸ɹһҪοķģڵõӺȴ¶ӵܵıĿ嶾ȫ˵Ҳ߰㣬޳ܵһλѵŮѽʧ͸˷֣ȴⷢѾУֻڵӰгֵĹѪʵݡ
椽һǮµŲֺҲỹǮ飬ʧ٣ɿȥ˾ưһ֣ΪֻǱǮھưɽѰңôҲ벻ҵ֮ȴ⵽Է
صʱͷֶĺӵˣ뵽Ѱվ¥׼ԼʱѣϹŮ֮Ǹ˱ɱĵĹ̺ܼ򵥣ָֻͰյ˻ʹǼԼʧȥӵľưɣʬշһѻ𣬰ưճ˽
椾̨أжһζԼϲ̨ĸоϲһߴһߺȾƣͷҲѸߵڸѾˣ֪ԼһӦʲô
磡һǹĳ˼еĺƱƬ׹䡭


642 Ǹ籪
Ʊ˲СŤתߣһӵӲܹ˳һȥ
¥ǽǳӰԼٶŴ׼С¥ţ˲һʱ䣬ǹ˳̨ǹֵǲûпӰ꣡һ˽²ȵ˲Ƭһ죬̵תǹڶ׼ţͬ飬׼ƫתǹڡ
ǹƫת˲䣬һȻһһƬǣסָͬʱ
ડ
вĺѪʬ浹£˫أԴһ˿㵣ҲŪͬΪʲôԼǹѵ˲ô
ǹɱͬûֹͣתͬ˰
ડǹ³⣬ؿѪէ֣һ룬ʬ˵ڵأɱͬĺ˱ƴվԭأǹڻָ°˼ͬʱأϸһƤⷭתѪԽѪĿ
̨λûֳһģӰӰݽ椣ʧŵϵʬ壬ò̾˿૵ΪʲôҪɱңһ仰˵꣬Ųߵһʬԣʬܿ챻ҵһȾѪɫơ
椷һӣһСС㣬ֻĴָΩΩФһƬۣ·һ֡
壬ʮ
椵֣һĨãɫѧδ˽ԹԵǹΪʲôҪɱԼ
žžž
һתͷȥԶվһˣЦǰɬĻ˵ĸߣɱ˻λǹ֣Ҫʲô𣿡
վŶͷʵǵʲôˣ
˹ЦԹ˵ѡ񣬵һЧ˻ᣬǰһпԼ̣ڶѡǰɱȻѸϵҵһԸЧҵ
ȻһЦ˵Ҳʶʲô˻ᣬΪʲôң
һ˫۴Ŷ椣˵ɱһɱˣ˻ҪҷΪֻҪӦЧ˻ᣬǿԲɱ㡣
¶һĨʹı飬˵ԭһֱΪ˻£ҪɱɱɣҲΪ¡˵ʱŮ֮֮һղ¥ݳλãȴǹ໥ɱ
ûõģҾ۾Ҳҵλá
椸շͻȻһϷʵŤͷһԶˮΧվһͷŮˣ˰ߵƣֻë׵ļ䳤ͷȥһֱٶһĶԱ
ãһȣ˭ץ˭ӮҪӦӮһҪ󣬲ܾܾ
һɳƵͻȻŤͷһɵó˿治״վһëˣȥһͷǣһͷ˵˻ľǡ
ó峤գգ۾˵Ǹ磬ҪǸ˼ϴ
Ǹ˺ٺٸЦ˵µһûҵҪҷһҹһ֪ʲôˡ
٬һЦ˵ðϲǿ׳ˣڴϵıֲ⡣
ۣ椹Ϸʹ֪һսһεɢͶڵϵʬ壬ʩչһϹ䣬ֻҪٸһӣϵʬͻ˻Ĺһ
Ц˵ٸһλᣬѡЧ˻ỹ
̧ͷŶһ˵İɣҪЧʲô˻ԸȥǻˣΪԷûӪвͱԼ
ƺ˶ߣͽȻ̧һֻݵָŶ˵춯֣
ſһأͷͬһʱǸҲצ˹ȥʯ˲䣬ڵϵʬнյĳǹͻȻ⣬ӵƷɻȰˡ
Ǹ籪ڰգ˶ѡͬһְ취Ըĵ꣬Ӳۡӵ޲ϣöĽ֮ϵ·зܣϸǿȳʼα˺ȫԺԲơ
Ǹ֮ѵͷֻ˫צһܰסȻ˲䣬һ˲š


643 Ů
Ǹ׳Ĳ϶һĺߣһ룬߼ɢѪӿȪ籡ʶȥ£ɲôҲͽͣڹԵǰɳֱӹˮ໤ϡ
ǰ˵ı÷ԣӲɲͣ£ŵ״أһ⼲ƫдüģֻһָѪۣһֻպϵۣǰ˵ڵء
Ϲϴαضˣظ翴ӣ
˼϶һĲӡ
ҶɸյײһĻ˵鵶ɱǸ籪ã˳꽣ϻϡ
ϻѵ˿ĭ˵ɱߵ˶ᱻ˻׷ɱ
ͣ
꽣ֱпϻӣвĻ˲ضϣҶɳ˵ߵвңʲô˻˻ᣬ˻һˣһĶֲֵСˣᡣ
ϻ˫ֽðѪĲӣ˫ֱҶɣ˵ڲͣ©֮©Ļ
椴ŵصϻӻ˿ڴðһɰ̣ʬؿƣ۳һֵ״һֻСಣһͻɶСͷһͣ۳εС˲Σٴλ̡
ͣʬϷһС˿ưͶ뵶С˲աγѰĿͶҶɣдһ˿֡
ણ߱صʬͬʱǹڶ׼Ҷɣ椵ͷ˵ʶ㣬Ҷɣٵѡ
Ҷɷְ꽣ʣ˵ûһǾưϰѣɱ޻˵ΪʲôҪʬջپưɣ
椵͵̾˿˵ûĺӣľߵҵĺӣҪɱҾͶְɣ˵ֱӱ۾ڳһ¾ģǹʬ·˲ſſ̱ڵء
Ҷüͷ˵Ҳû˵Ҫɱ㣬ɱĵȷе鷳϶ǲܴˣɴҸҸȥǰвĶ¿ʼ
͵˫ۣҶɣ˰Ҳŵʵа취¿ʼ
Ҷüԥ룬ͷ˵취һԺܻóΣգɣһصӷǿˡ椵ץ˹鰸ͷǰҲɱˣҪϴһ򵥵İ취ܣսӻһλӵǿĸߡ
һ˼һɬ˵˵ɣҪô
Ҷǰִӿڴͳһֱ֤ӵݸ椣˵ǰҲɱˣܺǰһʹܾһЩΣ񣬲ôҲΪЧ㿼һ¡
椽ӹ֤һ£⣬˵ÿˣҴӦܡ
Ҷɵ˵ǲסˣϽʰһ¶׼뿪ʬһ˹
ͷ˵ллʰ˵Ҷһ̨ȥѾܣԼȡһػĻᡣ
Ҷɲ˸绰椵Խһ飬Ů֮ǳǿһȫսһս
ûаԥڴӦҶϰȥ׶ķɻ׶ԻᰲźһС
Ҷɹϵ绰ֿʼѯȥ׶ķɻܿյϢɻȥƱҲܸԣ
椺ܿʰ˶ҶɶһŻƱһֱ˰ȫϷɻ
ʬɾ˴Ҷɶغ壬Ӵ˱ʰҽԺһλְĻʿսӶһĸֻ֣Ϊӳ
ƽ˾ֱһҶɽӵһ绰绰ģ˱ʾлҶһϢץӣλľ޸Ѿȫס۾ŻһҪӱСġ
λĻĵһѰѶԭ̵ҶϣҪΪӱ𣬼ʧܲû٣෴ᶨΪӱʧܶٴΣ
ҶôϢҲˣʯ¼ûаëǮϵʱͷԷȣҲôһ˵û뵽ϡͿ϶˳ˣֵ˲ݵĵز
ˡ
Ҷɵ˼˦˦ͷƲЩҵͷ߹ȥ˷ţǰվһְҵװŮݣѩ˶ĵĴ򼸺ϣԽ˰벽ʵλ
ŮһЦ·𴺻ţƮС
ô


644 С
ҶɼԲܿ뵽ſŮ˭ĺ磬һŮǰһŮģû뵽΢һ¾Ϳȫ߸ǰ
ʲô
ŮͻȻҶɴ⣬̲סһ䡣
ĺһ۷ڣϸһĨΣ˵㸰Լ
ԼҶһʵҶˣԼ
ļ́ͷ˵ǶԼǶǵ¶̳ᡣ
Ҷüͷ˵ҲˣΪʲô˿ʲô᣿ĺͻȻãûͷûԵμʲôᣬ治Ůƺ«ʲôƤҩ
ĺɫЩΣҧҧ˵˵ɣѵμᣬ³֮һһǮΪ͡
Ҷüҡҡͷ˵˼ҲǮֺ㻹ұ˰ɣ
ԭŮʱǼҵ飬ºܻһʳͣȫĺ°˵˻ܾκ¶СҶӾ
ĺ֮ǰԤϵ˼ֽҶһھܾϵı΢΢һ㵣ָܿ˳̬˵򻪱ңֻҪȥ졣
Ҷ˵Ҷ˵˲ǮͲұô緶ա
ĺҡͷ˵֮˶УΪΨһӮҵˣȥ˰Ĳֹңĺֵܹ֡
Ҷüͷʵعʲô£˵ҲкܾûСֵܹˣͲĺɵöһ䡣
ĺ˵ׯ̫֢ҪׯҼ̳˹ޣĺֵܾׯָ̫ļ̳ˣ֪ׯ˲׼ڼɱȡ̳˵λӣܿ뵽λ磬һȥ᲻԰бĺֵܣ޳ļ֧֣һá
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ӧһãһܴõ򻪱ңҾŪףһôҪǮʱѣܵõʲôô
ĺ˵ܵõĺôӮһԼҸ˴ģֻҪڶӮŮľͽΪãеľѣľֵӮҷǳҪ
Ҷɲãһ˵̸֪ڹֵ顣
ļ́˷ţɳ£֪һЩ
ǵ¶̳ׯġƿأ֦ͬÿͻһᣬƶ˺ͼҪμӣ໥ȷδشҲҪڻ˵̳˱̳ż˽ܵĶϼⶥñǫ̀棬干ͬо֮
ׯ̫֢Ѽƶ˵λӽС﹨֣һڼڼȻ󲨣һСë̳ׯϼ壬ЩΪм̳ʸӵǷƽ˾ؽƸɱ֣ׯ̫ͷѾׯڽׯ֣Ϊ˱ﰲȫׯ̫ɽɷѿģؽƸ뵽һҪڴ˴˳õϿɡ
ᶨںУص̫ƽһСʤ˽˵ϣ֮һƼҵĲҵϸʩһӦȫʩһƼ˾ʲôٷְٰȫĳŵҲĳŵׯִ˴εʤ֮Σأܸʽʼǰɱׯ̫ɽпĶ֮
ĺһ֪ĶһƽҶɣƺڵȴľ
Ҷʳָûɳ֣˵ֵѾ֪ˣ˵˵飬һѵɣ̸Ǯ
⹫ųţȫʱû⣬׼ְæĺΪҶɴƣȵĸ󡲻ңȵʱ治٣Ϊʲôƫƫˣʲôԭ򣬷ΪƷ
ļַ́ڶǰ˵ɺܼ򵥣ֻڶӮҵ˲ʸҵѣʱҲһ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ⲻɣҪٲҴһỻһݲμᣬ˵ׯֵڡ
ĺ΢΢һЦ˵ļиأŮ̳˱ǽģΪֻԸ񶼳Ů˲ΪȷľҪ崫һѶϢѾҵһͬѣļеһнƿء
ҶҪ˵ڴֻˣͳɨһۣȻׯִĵ绰⻹˵ܲٲܲٵ˼룬̽ͨ绰
Ǵǹ֡
ֵдһ˿νԱҶ˻е
ûҶɣСӽô绰
Ҷɹⷴһ䣬ڲԼ֪һж
磬Ҫɱҡ
СеĲˣƺһ˿ʡ


645 ȸ
ָͨ绰⹫˼ɽ֪ٵϢⱧԿ̬ϵݴ磬ܵõҶɳڶһʵޱȵİȫϣǰѾӺع
Ҷֵĺͷһ󾾽ʵߴ磬˭Ҫɱ㣿
ֵ˵Ҳȷ˭ѾյţرǽյĿлһֻѪܵ򡭡
СԴӱŶΪׯҼ̳˺ͳΪܶ˵жд̣Щþַȥţżׯ̫ȥڵ˴󲿷֣мⱻյĿԲμᣬпֶɱһֻѪܵСϴװţĩż˿˿񾭣յŲã˷ڶӳ֦ϴּ䣬һֻ۱ȥ
СֹڣһŮׯ̫ؽĸ֣ӳ֦йõģԼߣҪׯ̫Ĺ֢ׯ̫𾪲ѣͬʱҲΪİȫģɽؽһλֽαڶӳְһҪ֤˳μᡣ
Ҷ깨ֵ̲סƿڴˣҿϺͿˣһׯʲôģղ㻹ڻϿСģʲôƨ̳ˣԺҲ㷳ġ
ͲƺٵĴֵ˵磬Ѿˣ㶪ҲҪȥμᣬñɱ˾ֵֻܣ˵ˣټ
ҶͲдһСѾҶ˵绰ôְæһ
Сӣҵ绰ûġҶһƵҡҡͷֻڴתͷĺ˵򻪱̫٣ûȤ
ĺҧҧ˵˰һ·зöҵģʱ䡣
ҶһʵҪһ·ûɣ
û⣬˵ļһָôĺüʵǴӺϳ乤ȥʤЯǹ֧Ӧû⡣
Ҷɵ˵ͷִɳץһƤʵ˻˵һС
ĺһɨͷ˵һԴϣ϶ᰲŶľ֣ϳǮ˰ĲҪԼ򵥡
ҶƲƲ˵СҶԶĲȤʲôҶĵĽƷ
ĺ絭һЦ˵öǶԶĲȤͬμΪ˰бׯְɣ
Ҷһ˵ҸСǿĹͷֵܣ֪ҪɱԹۣҲᰵбֵܣ˭Ҫ鷳Ĵ𲻴Ӧ
ĺ¶һĨΣ˵ļһ޳֧㱣ׯ֣Ҳиʱѵ鲻ܸߵߣǰѣסޣǿ˯һ䡭
˯һ䣿ǲһŴֵҶɳԾˣʱҲòôװɣ
ĺһ˻ƣݺһ˵˯˯ɳ
ҶڨڨһЦ˵ף׼ʲôʱҺ׼׻ϴ·
ĺһɳվ𣬵˵϶·ʲôһ׼֤С
ʮӡ
Ҷԥһ£꽣һܽ˳ɩһ˶¥Ҵ¥һ״ñз⻹һͷʪɢһϴˮζʱϴ˸ս衣
ĺüͷ˵߰ɣȡ
Ҷǰһץ꽣ϣ˱Це˵ҪҪһʱѵζ
áĺĴһ䣬ùɿſڡ
Сʱ󣬳⳵ͣڱһƫƧСͷĺ縶Ǯ³ͷȥҶɽ󣬸һ׼õ洬
洬ʻͷԶʻȥҶվڼװϸŴ˸绰Ҫȥ죬ﻹ鷳æտ
洬ʻһСʱңʻ˹ٿʼĺߵҶԣ˵׼´ˡ
Ҷһ㵣ָŶһĺ˵´ûհɣ
䣬ĺϳһ壬ȻһɫǱͧǱͧϷĲոǴ򿪣߳һɫɽװ껪ˣ洬˸ƣʾ洬
洬ʻǱͧԣһ˵Ǳͧ껪˶ЦЦ˵ӭλȸţ
˽Ǳͧ󸻺ϲʱ֮һ۲ƣҿȸǱͧƼҵ˵˽Ʒ۳һ𣬴˴䵱͹֮ãҲӡ


646 ׶ľ
ȸǱͧڲװ꼫ݻȻӾءӳƽѡɣáҡٲȻһߵ˽˻ҶڼҲ棬ҲǱͧеСһ·ס̾
һ·㣬΢ЦΪ˽Ÿʩöǰλ̾һӵ顣
λǹ۾ңλͨ۾ۿľҲͨǱۿϵľλҪҪȥ۾
ҶЦʵ֪Ǳͧû䱸ף
΢ЦҡҡͷûеģǱͧû䱸ϵͳм֧ǹ
Ҷ¶һĨʧı飬˵ûôУҪʲôͻǺ鷳ô
΢Ц˵Ǳͧˮ£һѱ֣ͻҲнӦԴʩ԰ȫȫõģλúܾˡ
ĺʵǴҪòܵʤ
ЦܵѾλ˷䣬λ˿ȥϢ
ĺ絭Ц˵ȥ䣬ϢϢٺú档
Ц˵λ˵سһ·ǰУܿһͷǰƿš
һһĺͷҶɺԼ˯ɳĺתͷǳǳһЦ˵ҶȽȥϴϢһᣬɻ˵߽ϣˡ
Ҷתͷ˵ҵЩˣȥԵ㶫ɣ
΢Цŵͷ˵˵Ҷһ·ǰ͸Ĳǰʾȥ
Ҷ̧߽ţһû֣ʳͣðڲλðżŶԵĺɹ̴ĿƳ˹ѾǼʳĶǰ
ҶڿȸòиأҪòͱһѣӮ˾ܻöӦĲ˵˵вƷṩȻ֮ǰҪȥ̨һ롭
˿ʼܲĹأƼǵ¶̳ƿ֮һҪһġ֣òҲҪĵģŶϳ˰ڷŶľ⻹һס
ʳ㡢ˮҪӶӮֵģʳҪһʽڷ̨ȡ룬ȻӮȡףÿһ϶жֲʽֻҪõ־ȥһİòͣǰֻһҪӮ
ҶԭģˣΪֻ̨ܵǧҳ룬ųߵһŶԣһǰڷһףдָǴСĽ֣ʳ
ԵĺɹپӣЦе˵ҶûȤӣ
Ҷ̧ͷһºɹ٣Цʵʶң
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ҶҡҡЦ˵ô淨ҶӶˡ
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㣬һ㣬ʮߵ㡣
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Ҷ°ƣЦе޵ܲҪӮҲ̫ףôҲҪԡ˵Ҳҡ
աագ
ҡٶȺֻҡ¾ͰѿϣҶСĽҿѣ̾˿˵ϧˣһţʳѾˡ


647 
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ҶɽӹͲףЦ˵öѣʳˣЩˮͿԿˡ˵꾶ֱһŶԣһϵĲףȻǸˮҡҡͷ׼̧һŶ
Ҷ٣ﲻֹиˮṩζƣҪҪԣ
ԵɹټҪæк´ԶĵĻᡣ
ƣҶƺȤͣ½ŲƫͷʵɱŪңоζô
ɹӶ·ȡһƿɫƷ棬ֱϷƵóһ߽űҿƿһЦеĶ˸Ҷɡ
ȳ˵ĹƣĲиָ㣬ǲݴζ
Ҷɶ˹ƱһСڣ˫Ȼһֺһڣ޵ζ㴼ɿڣҪˣ˵ɣôķ
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Ҷζеĸ߽űǰһ죬Ц˵û⣬ϴƣٸҵһơ
ɹϸһƣȡһոµ˿Ʋϴƣৡ˿еתɣַֻĿϾӡ
ҶѹûϴƣרƷűйƣϲֹƣһҪȼƿ
žɹٰ˿ϣưƷɿĻһ仡ȡһԣ˵Կʼ𣿡
ҶɶƱһڣЦŵ˵ͷ˵Կʼˡ
ɹٵְסüͷ˵ѵҪһֻץƣ
Ҷһڹƣ˵һֻ㹻ˣ쿪ʼ
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ҶɵЦ˵ҿɣ˳ٸҵһ
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ҶɶƱһڣ΢Ц˵ʮľթĳûгʤڿȸϳԶٷֲ׵ġ
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Ҷɽ׺ͳ룬ͷЦסˣֺܿ졣
Ц˵죬ܸһǼ顣
ҶЦЦ˵ллĹƣټ˵תСȥףԶٷˡ
ʱܿȥһСʱҶɳԱСмŶԶѾտҲЩɹҲ֪ȥҲûƽЩ첽߳˲š
еĴҶɷֿȸǱͧϵĿٵÿöûһˣԱǼ٣ǰһӳӰǸѡ
̧߽ӳҶɿڹۿӰĻϷŵղڲ˿ʱͷطţղŲмɹȫǰţϸۿĻÿһ档
ȿȣ
ҶɵͿ˵ûʲôÿģֿѣ뿴Ӱ
ɹתͷǿҶʱ¶һ˿ΣϾ˼ҶƵóͷǼʵ顣
΢ЦվҶɴ˸˵ҶͷҲû취׼ȷԭʱľһ̣
ҶɵһЦ˵һƱоƵ㲻ͨɹٰ
ɲ֪ɷЦЦ˵ǸϲĵˣѾĶ۷
Ҷһ۴ĻЦ˵һɣ˾ͲһоƵˣô
ɶԺɹǰ˰֣˳˷ӳҶ˸ƣЦе˵ҶļҺõѣׯСܵĴ磬ҲܾƵĽѰɣ
Ҷɴ£˳ִӲ輸ȥһƿƸԼһЦе˵ʵǺǰˣô֪


648 ϵĿ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ϥ£ͷ˵߰ݼҶ١
ҶɵһЦַɣ˵СӲصùģҺø繻
ЦʵҶ٣ô֪ǱԱ
ҶֶƱһڣ΢Ц˵ʵܼ򵥣ǰûȻھͽҶٶʲôҶֻʶҵ˺ǱӲŻôУҲµܿǱһԱ
ڨЦ˵еĸҳ߻ƼμҪϲҿȸţҿ԰͸ССļ񡣡
ҶƲƲ˵ҿɲҪҪİ͸Ҳ࣬˵ҪԸֵܣӦ֪°ɣ
ɵͷ֪ׯڲìܣҲ֣ȻƼһȫ֧֡
Ҷɫһ࣬˵ܺã취ϵׯ֣ܰǱͧǵ߷Χ֮ڼɱҲ治ʲô
΢΢һЦ˵һӺǾܸʯŻϣʱׯ˶Ͽȸţɱֲ⣬ؼҳĻָʹׯֵĹϵ˽֪ɱֺܻܿĿꡣ
ҶɲΪȻ˵Ҹãʡ˲ٹ򡣡
üͷ˵ҳĻָʹͲִ̫ܳݣԸɱһϣɹļֻҲܸҳĻָʹһݡ
Ҷһ˼˵ûҳĻָʹԺ鷳ϣҾŵ㣬ǾһһݳϷ³֮һһֳ쾳ؼΪҲæһ
쾳ؼ˫է˸Ҿһ˵лˣ߶߾ȫĻָʹȫ֧ׯִׯҡ
ҶɶƱ΢Ц˵ܺãȥֽʹʱؼĬд
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Ҷɽӹֽڲ輸Ĭдؼ״̬Ĭд˱ɣֻ˲һСʱͰؼĬ˳
պøֽ߳ӳţɴվԣѾվſڵ˺ܾãڴ鶼дϡ
ҶɰѽʺʣµĸֽһУʵׯֵô
ɵͷӦˣׯƺ񲻼ѣѾȥ˷ϢҪҪڴȥ
Ҷɵͷ˵и˴ҹȥͺãڿʼñ־롣
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Ҷɹ˼ȣŴźС֣絽ˡ
ſڵƺûõ˼˵Բûй֡
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ҶЦЦ粽ǰչ۵˸ǰ
ǰһڼϣ߿Ҵ硣
ڽΡȻһ˵Բҽӵκ˽ӽׯү
Ҷüͷ΢ş̌˾һһɾһԣײǽϣһ졣
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ҶɵһЦ̧ڹּͷ˵ܾòˣСӺ񳤸˲ٰ
ӣǿסۿдתˮ£Ҷ߽˷ţɽڿɳϣһɰһڡ
þòˣ֪ҶСѼʱɭ˹ȥˡ֣ΪǲС֪̫ࡣ
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ɽ¶һ˿ȵı飬˵ҶСͷһСѳְæ
ҶŹߵɳ£̲˵æʲôľˣǸĺһμᣬûȤĺܷׯ̫ɽСǶˣͣƫƫҪǿһʲô̳˵ñӣϵͿˡ
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649 ʤ
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֦ͬׯһõͬΪׯҼ̳˾͵ڶرգļҺƼһȫȫټׯԭΪׯЩϲҲвׯֵİȫȻƴˣׯЩ˾ϧʹɱ֣Ҫʱɱׯ֡
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ҶɽĽȥλ˴ĻȷСׯְȫȴΣ֮Уһ֣ѾܣΨһİ취ǱׯֳɹμᣬϿɡ
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ׯתͷŴ磬˵磬⹫Ŷ׵ˣѾׯҼ̳ˣʧ
Ҷ̾˿˵֪Т˳ҪСǻ֪Է˭Ϊ˽⵵鷳Ժ·ҪԼȥ
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Ҷվ˵һҲˣȻطϢ쵽˵ʤһӡ˵ֱ̧ȥˣҪ㾫ʱ׼Ӧֵܳĸͻ
ص䣬ĺڿɳ˿ƣһ׺ܿɵĿ˯£Щָ˿Ʒ·㲻ͣԾڳСһµĻΡ
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һϴ˦Ҷգ̧һֱץסƾоװһ·򿪴ӿһۣȻ·
ĺ˵ϴ£һҾ͵ʤˡ
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ҶȸѾĿĵأʤλʰƷҵǵ
Ҷϵı΢΢һ䣬ʵׯѾϵô
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650 Ϧĺ
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ҶվͷԶĺַһֱסı䣬ĺһѾɫ˿˿ʵ𣿡
ţðݣ
ҶɵĻشɷ羰Ե˶÷˷ۣôĻɫʵΡ
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Ҷ̧һǣû˵СӼҼҵ֪ʲôһɳȥ
ׯֱͷŵʹһһԹ˵磬˼ҶˣɩǰҲô
ˣ
һǱׯͷϣ᲻أպʹҶû˵ӣǸӡ
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䣬ӺԵС·ʻһɫʿʿ˾Ǹ׳ĺˣԺĿһ̣üбǣֻҪƫܷϵһֻۣҲ֪λ˾ǰʲô
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ȤĽŵʤ£뵱̾ʮɺвٳǿߣĹƼһλ棬λƼһսü͵Ĵ˹ͬӪｨ˼סء
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ͳͣһʽǰЦ˵Ҷ٣С㣬Ϊλ׼ģʲôҪʱ֪ͨӶˡ
Ҷ̧ͷһ۶ı˵ģׯҲһסɣҲиӦ
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УҪİȫһס㡣
ڣ֪λҶϹǳڹȫ⿼ͬ˺ס
Ҷ˸˵Ǽڿ죬ׯžͺá
һҡҡͷ˵УҳǺǿߣ㲻ܶʮСʱׯߣǿԡ
ҶüͷŤͷһԲɽׯԼ̫Զһʲôͻ״ҲܼʱԮ
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ͺһ˵ɽģȻҪӹ
ЦЦ˵ⶰ㹻ķɹҾסһలӶ˹λʲôҪһᾡ㡣˵ʱĿͶĺ磬ƺλļҴС
ĺüͷ˵ûҶׯסһȻһɣȻκ顣
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ʱ֣ׯ̫˱ϣŮӶŻǰУŮǿ˱ʹĥ㲣԰׵ݣһ֪ѵ;ƿݵıԵ
Ҷɺׯͬʱӭȥׯ˫ϥһŸǰͷϥϣۿǿûˮΪŲ뿴ᡣ
ׯ̫ḧŹͷ԰׵¶һ˿Цݣѵ̧ͷŶҶɣ͵˵ˣĺܺá


651 ڤǴ
Ҷ㲲ׯ̫ѾѰǰλĺ˸ʯλݹ̫̫ϵһǰᰴׯ̫Ʊ˵ˣû˿˵ӣġ֪ΪʲôĳŵֻΪ˰οһǰˡ
ׯ̫ЦˣЦúɣ̧Ҷֱۣò˵Сиô磬仰Ҿͷˡɽ˵Ҷںе¼ڶһǿϣ˳ΪׯҼ̳ˡ
̫һ֮Ԫ˳ｻ㡣
õĿͻȻ˵һ䣬Ҷһ˶ʵϿԺ˵ȴкôղ˵ʲô֮Ԫѻ˵
Ͽ˵֢ϴһѾˣҪֻһ취֮鸽ϸıʣĻȥֱޡ
Ҷ죬ͻȻת첽ߵɽԣƫͷȥߵ˵а취Ϊڽ˳ȥʲôܽҪԱܡ
ɽ¶һĨϲ֮ɫһ˫â˸۾ֱҶɣ˼ʵȷ
Ҷһ˵Ҳ¿ЦŲ㡣
ɽҧҧһͷ˵ã㡣˵תԼڴ˸ƣָŮӶ˵ǼϳȥҲȥ
һۣǰŮӶ˳ȥɽ첽ߵׯԣ򣬳˵Ҳһȥ
ׯһ⹫ͷվ⹫һȥ
ټĿֻʣˣҶɶĺգգ۾һƤ˵Ůѣ鷳Ҳȥǵ˳ֹš
ĺüͷ߳⣬ϡ
Ҷɴͳһʯͷߵׯǰѹ˵۾ʲô۾ֻҪ֪һ㣬ڸ
ׯ԰׵¶һĨ𾪵ı飬ؿڼ˼»˫ۣ˫۱պϵ˲һ·˰ǵ
Ҷ治ԸؿζӸׯ̫û취ϿһָḶ́һǿ鸽֮쾧ֲׯ̫Ƥ¡
ͣлׯ̫ͷƤʹҽһҧǿסʹоƤڱһʹԺһѣΡ
쾧˳ֲׯ̫Ƥ£Ҷɿ쾧ðһự֮Ҫ쾧ڳϽ鵶ѹڰ֮ϣ˵֣ԹԸϣұ֤ԺҺܶ쾧գȴǿˡ
˵Ҳ֣֮Ȼͣסڣ̻ׯ̫ͷ˿ں£һȭͷС֮ѾԹԸϣҲ֪鵶֮ǱҶһƳɹǰߵĿԱȽϴ
ׯѾʹûƵĶͷ亹죬ҧǿһԣݸ־һԵСҶӰ̾
Ҷּϵѣöһ죬´ڵһͨƵ˳ּ˵࣬ʶеʵϿ˵ⶫе㡣
ʿ滹ж
ϿƺЩ٣Ҷ鵶ϸʿɫ壬ⶫ㣬ŵɢһ㣬ܿܵ⴫һ˿ƺʲôӲ塣
𼱣Ķϸ
ϿϸѾ֪ʲôҶ˵ⶫļֵԶ֮߳ǧ򱶡
ҶϸµڿƴС鵶뿪ǣڿһö׶ⶫֻСĴָϸͨҰ޹⣬Ҳ֪ʲôö
خǿǴ̣ƳŮ֮ķӡ練ơ
Ͽ⿪еɻخǿΪϹ֮һһ壬ִƱһ֣ڤخǿǴڸ֮Уǣ׶һзӡ
ҶǴСպãҪϿ䣬öׯ̫һе䡣
ҶɸϽϵѸׯ̫ϣ˵ڿ۾ˣղŷϣҪκ𣬳ʱҸֵεҽȫɣ
ׯƤ»̧ͷ׿飬ֵͷһϵѣһĨ޷εľϲû˻˽巢΢仯
лݻĶӼˡ
ׯڽűߵë̺ɫĸ˫ϥϣԭ԰׵Ѿһ˿Ѫɫ


652 ҹ
ҶɾֱǰţƳһ⽹ɽׯ֣˵ǰӽٵȻᡣ
ү첽߽һعϡ
ɽ첽ߵׯǰһʵоô
ׯ¶һ˿ǿЦݣ˵öˣҶСֻش
ɽȻתҶһһ˵ҶСѴĳ
Ҷæһѷɽ˵ǰˣõķЩңǱסˣׯܻһЩ֢ȫҪһʱ䡣
ɽͷ˵ܱסͺã֪˵ĺ֢ʲô
Ҷüͷ˵ܻЩϲЩѼ֮ʳҪ취ܶռʯסҪʯ
ɽͷӦû⣬ʯǰҲ˵ʯ念Ҷ취ռʯ
Ҷ˵ׯѾֻҪϢȥҲʲô̳ˣҲõ˻ٶ֡
ׯ˵ѾϢڲɢȥֻЩϲļһﹷǽСׯҼ̳ǳ飬Ѽ̳˵ȷҺɽׯ񣬵ٽ֡
Ҷüͷ˵˼һվɣЩڰļһ
ڰļһǼ֪ׯ̫ϢҲׯֿĵˣǲڰʱΣСׯεĻ߳һٽֻׯֲ̳˵λӡ
ׯһĨ⣬˵߲亦ҾҪεĻΪСֳɨϰ»Ҫ鷳ҶСְæ
ҶһԥͷðɣǾһվɣеˣ¥Ϣ˵겻ˣ첽¥ȥ
ׯҶʧӰ˵ţˡ
ׯ̾˿˵ӣǸˣΪôСģŵģ첻Ҫ̫Զ
ׯ˵ͷ˵ס
ɽ˵С֣ȥŰ˽н
ׯӦһܹȥ򿪷Ű˽˽һƣ̬ׯŮӶԼطϢɽԡ
ׯ𿵸ϢɹϸĵĺڵϷһСѽɫ𼸿յǼţȻϺõ㣬вСռһһ־պã¥ȥ
ҹ̵ƺ죬˫ɶԵƫƫ裬һһĶǶǵ¶̳徫Ӣֳ˾ռߣ֮꣬˵˾Ǹϵ֮Ĺϵ
Ҷڴׯֺĺ磬Ժб˸ֽ֪ʶһξ˹Ŀ࿴ȾƱʵڡ
С㣬֧𣿡
һԵӶ洫Ҷ̧ͷѭһۣ˵ׯ䣬촩һװװ߿ڴһ֧õ塣
ĺҡҡͷ˵ԲҶ費Ȥ
ׯһӻҲû΢Ц˵ûϵҿԽô
ĺԱȥٴׯ䣬μĿľҪ֪Ѿˡ
ׯһҶɣһĨɫ˲ţת׼뿪ʱߴһ
С磬衣
˵Ҷɣһ仰˵ĺ羶ֱء
ׯȤĿ裬ܿ췢ִ裬̶ӾͲţںĺ磬ŶҲû˦뿪
ҶĲɵţԼǵõײĺ缸ţŮӲҧסҲûһ
ž
ĺֱһţβȵúأ̲ס˵ˡ
˰ɣȥҸȥҽԺʯˡ
ҶڨڨһЦͣ˵˼ղˣڿʼһר衣
䣬ĺо֫Ȼһ岻תо¸úķѰз衭
Ҷר˲˵Ŀ⣬ӯ鶯貽ְҵ߸Ϊ죬׼ȷֽзɿУÿһǡôһӾϵܣһ裬˽ͣ
赸Ķְչ֫壬һ޷Ͷ֮䶼ڴһֺĵľһԵ˿շ
ʱ˿ŵĺ컨еŮ˱Ǻ컨ɫҶУΪΨһĽ㡣


653 ľ
һˣҶĺ֫ƮȻصλ¶һ˿Цݣ֮ǰһֱϸ۲ׯߵĶĲɲȶŮűҺһ赸һӡ
ׯָҶɵһƣЦ˵磬˭ѧģ
ҶɶƱһںȸɣ˵ѧģϡͿͽ״̬ûаɣ
ׯĴָ޵ֹаֱһȦ˶ˣǿɵˡ
ĺһۣһԹ˵ǰ񣬺γ񣬽Ŷ챻ȶˡ
ҶڨЦ˵ǰˣ´βˣҪȥŪҩࣿ
ĺһۣ˵ˣҵù
ʱͻȻֹͣһȵŮŤ֫ߵ룬жһСĺľײġ
ײİٷƵͷǸھƻóԵЩʱˡڳоصСײҲüҲ֪Ƽƺ«ʲôҩ
ŮЦӯӯ˵λ𾴵ĿϺạ̃ҴƼһӭʤƻ;ΪҰһСĿҲ⣬ΪҴһصıľף
üһƼҲãүӵıóͷ
˵ھľף˵򿪹׸ɢֲͬһſ١
Ҳ˵ľףഫµıǳŻ˰˰ꡣ
ԽԽⶫҪ˳ƼôóƻĲͷ
Ὺʼǰоƻᣬ֪һ쿪ʼƻϰһĿɾٰ췽óһ򼸼ΪƷͷظˡ
Ƽóޱȵľľò˴⣬֪ľ˶֪ⶫƼҵĴұóͷδе󷽹ͷˡ
΢Цֽҿ׸ǣһ˿Ʈ˱ǿףǹ㡭һʱڳĴ˶̧ͷϣܸĲ׽һ˿ٵƼ⡣
ľ׿ɢζˬ˵ٵ湦Чҽһ»Ϸ򡭡
̽Ϸʵܼ򵥣в֣Ҫþľ׾Ҫһѣʤ߾ܻ汦ÿɳһҸʮ룬ֶʤ߻ʤ
ľԢ⼪ĹЧĶԾԾԣޣÿһֻɳһ˲Ҫúúϼƣʱʮӡ
ʮӺܿȥֽ̧̻һŷڷڴ룬ӡ
ʱ䵽ƼҾСŮשˣ֪ļҺׯһ˭ϳأ
̰ĿͶϯλƶˣվЦ˵ļСŮĺϳ漸ѡ
ĺտ֪ļϳ˵Ȳʤȯ˵ĿⶼͶϵׯ̫а²ׯһ˭۶ׯļСƥֻһˣׯ̫Ӱɽ
ׯ̫˵Ů޶ᣬׯȻҲҪһϳĴֶҶɴׯϳ漸ѡ
ڶ治ԶҶüһԵׯ֣˵ƾһ˲ʲô̫ԵˣҲ˵һ
ׯƿһڨЦ˵磬ǧȥһɣ͵ҳôϳ漸ѡ
Ҷһ۶ĺ磬Ц˵ҪΪ˰ͲˣøϱûӣӮҲǸ°³
ĺһۣ˵ãӮƾ¡
ҷֶׯϳ
һͳͻأѭȥׯӪԵһλް߰׵ĹˣѾվʶˣׯҴܹׯ
Ҳԣƾʲôһ˴ׯҳѵׯûô
ׯӪվһˣҶɵϵãʯϱׯ̫Ϲȵׯ䣬Ǹ˰۵
ׯ̫˫΢Уתͷɽʹ˸ɫɽ̻⣬ܿȡһС͵ׯ̫ߡ
ûãѾˡ
ׯ̫ͨÿһ䣬Ҷͷʲôׯ̫ĿؾҪĳЩԼվ
ׯ˵УֶܴׯңΪׯ˵һľٶֱ뿪λߵ£˼ףҪԲμӶľ֡
ׯ̫ûٶ˵ʲôׯʸһЩҪҲׯ


654 ǽ
ׯҶԵׯֺһվͻȻִץһƿ˦
ಣƿڿлһׯţԵۼֿ죬һѽƿȽס΢Цׯգգ˵СֵܵȾĵȵľֽô
ׯŭˣ̸̨ף˳ץһƿһɫָׯϲҪĶׯʲôʱֵˣƤѪڶǰŲСүþƿ㡣
СׯͻȻ쭣һȴ˵÷ǳƯׯ϶вؼţ˿ǳףСׯֵͻȻǰһԺͬʱðһͷׯһϣ
ׯһһ󣬵ƫƫ޴ӷüרУСׯһٴ˲֪Լ̫Ƿǡ
ӣҲˣѹϳ
Ҷɲϰ˶ԼעĿѹȰһ䡣
ׯתͷһЦָŶׯ˵϶̫ׯһֲҵҪ᲻Ƥȥ
ĺǹһĨǳǳ仡˵ܺã϶ȥҾͲϳϷҲһɻøׯһһͣҪׯԹ̨
ڣҺȾƣҶɷ˸ۣץƿתȥڳһʶһģ
ׯһվ˵øǼСƽϣȥҲֲһׯҡ˵һ˦ֱ߻ԭλ
ׯַ¾ƿҶ˵磬ɩһȥ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûȤᱻ˱ţ¶ĻСӦðա
ׯһ˼ƫͷĺգһ۾˵ɩӣҪҵ㣬̫ѿС
ĺѹ˵û⣬õһҡ
ׯ¶һĨϲɫ˵ͷ˵ллɩӣҲû⡣
ͬʱ첽ߵ£İ飬
Ҷûзɾ裬ڰй۲ׯӪرׯׯ䣬ϣСϸҳһЩ
ׯŭδһ˫۽ŶԵׯ֣Сڴͥɨӣеƿ֪вöдϣ˵˲ס
ׯ΢ЦƺȤĹۿϵƾ֣Ҷע⵽һСϸڣżĿͶߣźܶˣ֪ڿ˭ٿȷһ㣬й
ƾּû̫ʼĺɱгһׯ֣ľױСС
һ֪ĺˮҲӲ˵ļҺׯѾĬһлҪ鹦һˣҶɣһϵŦׯҼ̳˽ͬˡ
ׯֺĺһ𷵻λѾľַϣǰһƣ˵ɩӣġ
ĺҪȥȡ䲻һֻƺ߾ľףŰƵˣ
ҶСײĽҿţĻ˻Դ˵һӳζ
ǽţȶ鳣ٺ档
ϿڶҶϵıȻһͣʵھľŶ飿
Ͽ˵û׵ýŹƳɣɢ㣬֮鱻УڤǴƿӡ鵶նɱ飬ն档
ҶûʣְСײķŻϣѹ˵ƼҴŪôаǸ
ĺץסľ뻳У˵ǳԲ˵ɣҾҪͷߡ
ҶɿЦҡҡͷ˵㣬һȥٸ˵˵ⶫ
ĺ籧ľվʵƻҲòˣھͻȥô
Ҷһׯ֣˵߰ɣЩȥϢ
˴ż뿪һ·˵ЦصסսҶɾŵһ˿ѪζɫٿȻһ䣬˫չסˡ
İĹҶɿǰɳſһֻĴèһֻ˶ɽҧù죬ֽһɽһܵڣתۼ䲻ټ
ԭèѹһѪζҶһ䣬Ȼһɣоֱһ˰ʮ㡭
һʹֱϴʹƺһתͷŷֱĺؿڣָ⾾ֱһСƤҧгݵתʮȡ
Ҷɴ˦£û˵ʲôֲǹġ
ĺһҧÿ죬˵צҾͰˡ
ҶֱһôɶֶԹô


655 è
һֻɽĺèҶɺܲСĵĳһĺ۶˺ݺݾһ䣬ȴΪȻڴȤһ¥ҡ
硪
ڵűһ߿ǰһĻԭأϺҶżڹųԭڹ꽣ɡ
һ嵽ڹǰ飬Ҳû꽣ټ꽣͵ˣ˽ʧ߰㣬Ҷɴ˼룬ͳֻͨɵ绰
꣬ͲдһͳҶ٣£
Ҷû˵ˣ͵ҵ꽣˵¸ôɣ
绰ͷɳĬ˼룬˵꽣ʲô߷ʲô쳣
Ҷɳ˵ν꽣ҶԺҪ˵쳣ǻصʱһֻĺè
̾˿˵Сʱ֤ԭѾ֪꽣˭ȡضȴҪЩ
Ҷ˵ҵ㡣˵ֱӹϵ绰ʼѸʰϵ
ʰĺ˽ϻǿڷӡн֮Сľףվſڵ͵˵Ҫʱȥһˡ
Ҷɰڴͷü˵ûʱ䣬˵ȥ˭
ĺ¶һĨɫ˿˵ҵкҪ̸Ͳܳʱô
Ҷɿмߵĺǰһָϵľ˵ײණŲ㡣
ණĺ˫΢΢һЩСľڵϡ
Ҷһ˵ľɢζĽŹǣⶫ߶ûкô
ĺɫٿȻһ䣬Сľ£Ҷۼֿ죬һѽľУ˵ţ㿴һϷ˵ľ׷һԵϷתִӿڴȡڤǴ̰ڹ׵룬ָһ
ۣǴ̴͸ľ壬һɺ̴ӹ׵籡תۼγһ۴ֵĺɫ¶ȷ·˲併˱㣬ĺ̲סӣѷŹϡ
ڹ׵ϷߴչĿעγһģͷһͷɢŮˣͷγɵĲܳסͷΧĺɫзԶëȻ
Ҷɺ˼վĺԣִӾϵĹҼϳ鵶˵ǽ֮飬ҪǱҲ֪ᷢʲô飬ⶫ㻹ҪҪ
ĺһס첲˵Ҫˣ취Ūߣ
ҶɵһЦ˵취ֻһǾ䣬е鵶Ϣγɵͷһ룬ͷ⴩͸鵶ڿһ۽ͷгΣγɼתС©û뵶̶кСһɻС
ĺ糹׿ˣβеСʵôģħ𣿡ԲһСʲô֮飬ղŷһѾȫ߸֪
Ҷɰ鵶պãǰСľװγڤǴ̣ľĺУ˵СʱһȥϵԻطϢҹȥ㡣˵ʱִ򿪷ţʾĺ뿪
ĺСľ߳˷ţʶӣСľѾûζ
СʱܿȥҶɽӵɵĵ绰꽣Ѿ͵ſڣ˻͡
Ҷɹϵ绰ٶ¥ţһŮ˻꽣վſڣŮ˲ǰһ棬̡
Ҷı
΢Ц˫ְ꽣ݸҶɣ֪һıޱȣʺŮʹá
Ҷȡ꽣˵࣬һνʣ꽣Ȼʣûаʣ˵л㡣
̿Цҡҡͷ˵ˣҿԸƼҵλȻǰڱѾԭҪϡ
ҶĿһɨ⣬Цʵ˵λǰϲèɣǺèֻèڲԶһ갫Ѿϣ̵ֻ۾Լĳβ£һĺڹҰڶ
תͷһۺè¶һ˿εı飬˵˵ûֻèģ˼һ᲻ѱ
Ҷ˫΢У˵Ҳ꽣˭ûˡ
¶һ˿ǿЦݣ˵ԸɣٶҴûʱ䲻ˣЩϢ
ţټ
ҶҲţת߽˱Ѿʮһ㣬Ҫ죬ӦĺҪȥϵҲҪһˡ
ĺͷϲסͷķٲϵĽŲҶɿ첽ǰֿ̧˸ָ¡

ڴĲһèС


656 
أҶЧķʽһ߿ţɳſһֻèֻèͷһɫζëȥЩ죬ȷֻè˵ģΪèϴһήĲݻһ˫۾ӨӨ̹⣬źڰ˸̱ʯ
ĺ罩ɳϣһ˫Żңƺڽߵشӣèβᵯ
ҶĿһݣȻγ꽣һ뷿Уһ̴һ͹ܿܲˣèˡ
ͣڽ봰˲䣬͹ͻȻŲͬһɲǣһͷҶɣֿ죬ܹޱȵ˲䣬һХɴ̱ɨᵴȥ
ѽ
дһֽУһӰԾ˫ڽһ̤ɳԭſɳϵĺèһ𣬾ȻֱӴܵ˻С
һҶѾ˵ģһ鲼Сͷͷɳϣһֻݵĺͷһֱֻźè
Ҷ̧ýָСͷŭȵſֵĸȥһץһСŮʲô£˵ʱǰ鵶Сʱ׼Ϯ
СͷƫͷһҶе꽣Ƭֺ˼Це˵ýһѺý˼ҽͽܹҲҪСӹô
ͽܣҶϵȻһͣǰ鵶˲䰲
СͷҲ𻰣ָһĺָ̻жתͷԵ˵ʦ˵黨Ѩôôֶ˼ҵĽˡ
СͷٺЦ˵ҲѾ㱳Ѩλʩչ黨Ѩ֣˵λСӣղҪ˼Ҷÿ죬ֻѾؿ
Ҷսʣüͷ˵˭ܸҵʲô
ĺḧСͷеĺè˵λʦٱ۶ҴҲɵ幫˽黨Ѩ⻹ҷľס
ٱ۶ҴʮǰƾһĶɨȫĳ뵱ƽӲͨλһӮȡʮֻƽļ¼ҲĳΪƽĲƸ죬ټѱܾĳĳҲ˲ˡ
Ҵ˶뻯⻹һߣ뾡취ҪأÿζΪģŴλĻ䣬Ӵ˹һ츳ǳŮӣһҴڣλӾĺ磬ΨһźλӲûѧһ
Ҷ˫΢У˵ľණѾˣҲνҲһŶ
Ҵ¶һ˿ɫʵѻ˵ľʲôණ
Ƽ˲֪ľзӡŽ֮飬µıഫͲҶ˵ʲôණλƼҳͷʡ
Ҷɵ˵ȸΪʲôľס
Ҵ̾˿˵ⶫƼµģɢζƼмλŮ˶ϲڷǶ⣬ΪⶫǼ֮СƼһλͶɱŮ˾ɵĸס
Ҷɿڣĺ׵˵ľʲô֮飬ҿˣһͷɢŮˡ
֮飡Ҵ¶һ˿ŵı飬ҡͷ˵ڽǰҴӲ֪ľֶǰϲľ׵ŮӦöܵ˽֮Ӱ죬̽Ͷһ⣬ˡ
Ҷɵ˵԰ѽ֮һ壬иЩҿԱ֤ڵľһȫĹŶ
Ҵһ˵ܺãСλĸ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ѣӦòҵĽ˰ɣ
Ҵҡҡͷ˵ˣǸ˿͸Сӡ
ĺվ˵ҸԼһȥҵһѧ黨Ѩֺô
ҴҶеĳĺգգ۾˵ԣѽ棬ǻһԭ
Ҷǰְ꽣Ҵ˵⣬Ҳʱæտһ¸ڵڵˣ¥µıڶǷ뿪Ĳµľׯ֣λĶæӦǸİ취
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Ҷɵͷлĺһ뿪˷䣬֪Լеһиøڵׯֱܹһɱ֮


657 Ӱ
׻˵ŮǸ׵СްҪΪһ˵Ůʱ׶оʹ־ĵʹʹֻ֮ΪףһָӶìܵ顣
û˯ڿɳϵŮǸҶСӣȫпŮҵ޵ĸһҲֱȥľʹһʱʹǾǼ档
ҶСׯҼ̳ׯֵĽݴ磬֪ׯֶλƴӣζļͨϵͬׯҽȹ̵ͬˣһļ˵ǳҪ
ļ˶ҲԶ˴ļҽˣļҸŮ⻹һλϹܼȨ
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屻죬ɳվȥ˵Ȩ壬ȥš
ϹܼȨǰ˷ţſվĺҶɣЦݣһ֪Ѿչһ̶ȡ
ĺЦŽܵλȨ壬ļҵϹܼҡ
Ҷ΢ЦųȨͷʺãȻ˼ҳǮϷôҲиϷģ
ȨóſڣЦ˵С㣬үүǺܾˡ߽ɳϣһʲôװ鿴ýζƺ˽Ųġ
ĺҶֱߵɳǰ˵ˡ
ˣȨݲ衣еװ飬˵˵ͷ˵վţ
Ҷһɳϵװ飬¶һ˿ζЦݣ翴ľȻǡ
Ȩ˸һȥһᴵ˴ϵĸĭ˵ᣬļҼȨֻˣ˴ϵׯҼ̳˹⣬Ҫǳء
ĺʵļѾ֧ׯˣƼӦҲᷴԣСѵͬʱôׯֳΪׯҼ̳˺ǰ֮ǰܱ֤İȫҶɺƼӦò⡣
¶һ˿ԥ˵ׯ֢ողƻϵѾŲ˶ãׯ̫СܳΪׯҼ̳Ҳڼ年Ķ֧ȥվڼҸϣһڵĺ顣
Ҷɶ豭һڣ˵ģׯֻǹҸ̳˵ͷׯ̫ҲϿʮĲ⡣
Ŷ˫΢Уʵ˼ׯ̫ûô
Ҷҡҡͷ˵вѾκˣĻھָܻλЩСΪĹɨƽ·ŵʮׯֳٽׯҲκ
ϵĲ豭һΣβˮ¶һĨڵЦ⣬˵ܺãǰʱׯ̫¶Ĵĺˣһ¾͵ˣ׼¶ĴСȫȨʱǿһĴׯ̫һ֧֡
ļҺׯ֮Ҫĺ¶ĴһұʯŸĶĴҹͬʴһĶĴҪĽǮͿԴׯҾӪĴľҪԭҵĺƻѾ̸׶ΣȴΪׯ̫֢ͣׯ̫ʣоͶ뵽˼̳ϣϾ飬нȴ޿κΣڳ˾ϲת
Ҷͷ˵壬ҶԴĴûȤһׯ̫һҺ飬ڽ˼̳˵̸ܿ⣬ҿٸһ£ƼҲ֧ׯ֡
΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵Ƽûв֧ׯֵɣǰúûţׯЩСǲŹκɱĻᣬرǽϡ
Ҷ񱻺ݺݾһѣһλվ˵ԲҪȻȥһˡ䣬Ѿ⣬ĻһΣУ뾡ϻתׯߡ
ʱׯϥһǣ治׵ķλһʬ壬Ƥڣֻ۾أԴţն컨壬ᲿλһƱСĿðŻǵѪݡ
αڶӳˣɾһʬֽ䣬һѳһľذסڸûг䣬Ҳ棬ׯ绰ԼֻûаźţԷڷǰѾ˳ֵ׼жͨѶΨһֻеȴʬ嵹뷿ŵһӹһСӰһڵĳסɱ֡
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658 ׹ǰ
ׯذϣس飬ذ׽߬ģذϴıʸƺͷ԰Ųűƫͷȥľʬ壬ȫɱ¥ݿһλֳֳ¥ֵ˲ɱеĳһϣܺγɱҲ޷Խ׳ذ벽
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Ҵʱһס뷵Ԯȴֻź˷ȣǧһ˲䣬׼뷿źȻһгһ£ºͻ֢˵ڵأҲûϢ
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ҶɵԾʬԣִʬ԰γ鵶УʬһһССĺݿǣݿǱĦù񣬱߽ϿżС֣ΪĦԵʣСѾģ壬ϳʵҪһ
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Ҷһ۵ϵʬ壬̾˿˵ˣҿǰ򣬷롣
ҴеݿǣЦ˵Ǳ֣ҲͬʱԸɱ֣˴ǮҪȡСֿС˲¡ľʯǰǵļһգӦǾĶɱ֡
ʯһѾĺ޼µĻʯ˵ݵȣвٻʯӨнϸߵĹͼֵþʯΪһգΪݵҪﶼҴǰ־ʯһգһ۾˳
Ҷüͷ΢šýżһʿд˼룬̾˿˵ϧû»ڣҪɱӵ˸ʲôϵǽϮɱʧܻ᲻˹
Ҵҡҡͷ˵ڵ´ĻʱڣʿϰˣǽóףﾭӪĳ¶ĳȫɾ尵пƣһֱ彨ͬˣѼĳչǵÿζƶ߾ܾׯ˽˽顣
ҶʿһĨâ˵Ҳʲôջֻһ취һɱһɱһ˫ɱΪֹ
дһȻɱ⣬غɭ䳹ǣҴҲƲס˸ͻͻжһ˿죬̲סʵСɱˣ
Ҷ˫΢У˵ܶ࣬ҶûȷǵԼɱˣļǵԼûɱѾ㹻ˡ
Ҵһֿİ˵۹⾲ŶҶɣ˰Ҳ̾˿˵Сʰһ¶ܿ˹ȥӡ˵еһҶУת첽뿪
ʮӺһȫװƼֵһıһжµģҪڱٴаСĽ䱸κ˿벽
Ҷɺׯ˯ͬһ䣬ʵ꽣ͷڴֿɼλãȷͻڵһʱսɱ
һҹΣȻɹ
ڶ峿Ƽ˿ɿڵͣţ̣ʿڵһ뺣ֵſƤúóһ٣ƺһж̽˶Էڴֿɼλá
Сʱ󣬳Ա㣬ƼӴֵ뿪ſͣһرĴ󳵣̹װ׳ͷһʮ׻ڣһͦʮĵػǹɱɱֶᱻ˲һӣǮĳ˵
ֵװ׳խСյĿռ˲ʮֱ˳Ŀĵصˣĳһɫⶥⴱ׹ͳۡ׹ƼҲۺǮڡ
Ҷվڡ׹ǰĲƺͣ룬ϵıͻȻùŹһС̳ԣѸתͷһۣȻ˿ˮͺ̫ຣʵڱﲻסˡ


659 Խ
׹һŷʽűڲװȴĹŵͭ¯ľ硢ľľΡǽϹҵֻϹᵯֶĿһµĸоҲ֪ƼĵһǿҵĽǺ⣿
㲻֣ܼƵʮˣҪׯңռһ룬ƼҵˣļˣаܼȨҶڡ
ׯ̫ɫƺ࣬һ˿Ѫɫϣ̧סɽԼͷƣ̳߳ϷУ벻
ׯֹɵվڶԣ۽ǵⲻʱļӪ
Ҷɸĺһֱ۱סͳٯٯֳܾҲû˻ỳʱնԶ
λϣĿɨܣ˻ԺͿԿʼ
һƼֶľ룬зɰͲ豭ÿһһͷϲ豭һĲٰϼСģʹߣ˲ˮ߷ζ
ɶ豭΢Ц˵ҶˣҲؾСڣһұߺȱ̸
Ҷɶ豭һСڣ˫Ȼһֺһڣ跼ظʣζǰȹԵ裬ζƺҪŨ֡
һֵֶһƷ̧һӣֶһƽվЦӯӯ˵һ㱨һƼ״Լҵ
Ϊǵ¶̳ƶߣÿҪһᣬ嶼Ҫ㱨ԵĲ״ҵ¿˶ٶĳĿشߵһЩΪľϵȹ̣һͳѾ꣬һһֱȥ
ҶɲˣЩðϵĲ͵ĲŨȤ̽ĲԼҵһѾȵøɸɾϵĵҲȫ˶ӡ
һƼֶһ͵ģ߿յĺȡһʼǱվ˵һļҽĲԼҵ
ǰƼҽҵڰٷ֮ʮ壬ļҽаٷ֮壬ĺᵽһׯҵĺƻ¶ĴƻһƻʵʩļҵһķԾ
˰СʱһݣҶùǷ죬軹ǻ˯
ׯ޶ׯֵ˵ͷСׯ΢Цվ۵˵һׯҽĲ״ҵ
СׯּȲƽԣҲҪʼǱ֮Ķƽһɵı˳ݳ˵ļƵƵͷ
ׯҵʴﵽ˾˵İٷ֮ʮܺͻҪ࣬ׯҶĴר߸߶˿ͻ·ߣӯǳɹۣⶼ鹦ׯ̫ĴµׯҵѾʮ걣Ȳ൱ܺ͡
ׯѾļҹͬһĴԤƹģ൱ʯŵʱȫĿͻϴ飬гѽӽͣ¶Ĵ᳢ԿµгһҶĴǸʼδ嶼ӵԼĶĴһ˹ά˹
Сׯ˵ͽȻ˼ȣĿͶƼң˼ȷļҵĺǸʼδ껹ƼҺͬµĺг
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Ҫ棬ׯֵĻм棬һ̬ȣׯҲļҺڲõĽƼҺһ׬ȡ档
ƽϢϵׯ޶ͿɽĲվ
֦ͬѾ˰꣬һжѾ˰Ͱ⣬ҪҵµͱѰıͻƣһׯҵҪܻܿӰ쵽δʮ棬ˣҲǰׯҪһµļ̳ˣҵӣׯ֣֧֡
˵ʱׯָ̫ׯ֣ڸڳˣׯδļ̳ˡ
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ҷԣׯҪһǿļ̳ˣׯ̫С֪øҲûִׯң
ׯλվһĳĻԭϣ̳ׯҵѡ֮һľ̳ʸ
ׯһۣдһ˿мʵûִׯңѵô
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660 
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ׯһŻͷֿڴɤͳ㽶ĭ̧ͷһ˫Թ۾ɨܣ۽Ҷϡ
ҶץһƤĴ㽶һרעСţ㽶ܿһ󸹱ĿͨСģС˶磬·Ц
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㽶С˰ϣҶɻתͷׯһۣЦеʵղɣ벻һ
ׯһһͻȻָ̧ͣҶɴ㽶˵һȻͣ£Χ˶ԼͬġĵġֻġɵƵġ֪ˣԵҶϡ
ׯһԲȻ£ͷľʵ棬ڸضһͷȥĳ嶯ϧצ
ҲЦƫͷһߵҶɣ˵ù
ҶڨڨһЦ˵Ѿܵ͵ˣǼһ˵һʱûס
ļҸŮͬʱ컨巭˷Ƥһİס
ׯ޶Բ԰׵¶һ˿ײЦ⣬̧ͷ˵ӽׯ־ׯΨһļ̳ˣϣܵõ֧֣ͬļѾ̬֪Ƽҵ̬ȡ
վ΢Ц˵ƼȻû⣬ׯǸܳɫˣһΪһļ̳ˡ
ׯЦЦûж˵ʲô֪Լ̳˵λѾȣҪľǻŵʯš
Ҷһֱڰׯˣرׯϻֳ˷侲ϵıƽ޲·ϵĽ̫ĶģƺһЩΪ֪Ķ
ׯ̫ľׯ飬ƶ˾̬֧֣ׯֳΪׯҼ̳ѳɶ֣Ե˺ܻܿᱻϡͿ㽶
У忪ʼܽȥչδҶɺһӲˮСͣȻſȥ׻˵ʺǧ粽ҪҸطһ¸⡣
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Ҷɷ˸ۣû˵򼱣ҲҪô
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Ҷø˵һ̳ȷȥ漱ˣ²֪ȫ١
ǰ˰׵Ⱦͷûϴּ䣬Ҷͷһѻ׼ԭ·أشŵĻ˶ȸһҪúһ١
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Ȼ˸оͻȻһᣬеǿɣκηӦ˶ͷϵıȻһ͡
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ʱ˿̣˱һӴĺ˿ƣȺԼнˣų϶ǿ󣬼ͷ׼᳡еÿһˣֻҪ춯ͻ۶

ֳĬõׯͻȻһʰЦ˻᳡룬ЦȻֹ
ׯҪʲôʵӰɽʵѾµׯĿأСȻΪ̳鹢ڻ
ׯ˫΢УЦ˵ʲôΪׯ¶ӽҲûʲô壬úǵ¶̳ΪׯҵĲҵ
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ׯ˵ˣҼȻг׼Ҳɱˣ׼һЩõ˱ɿܣǹԹ԰յһнңϧ㿴ˣΪ


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Ŷׯ㹻İܽԴɵ£ûŪ׼֮ǰᾡ̡
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ĺתͷɨܣѰ;뿪ҶɣǼһͻȻƵģ᳡ӰӣͷʹͬʱҲܴһֽаȫеĶԱļͷĻҡ
ׯ޶ϣֽŹƱ̾һ˵û뵽ׯҾôɥĲĶ˿Цˡ
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ׯתͷһݵĺ˵˵ǻиҹζְ࣬ɣ
оĺޱĴȡһ״СƿҿƿǵһźɫҩУӥɨӻ᳡ˣӲĻ˵ȸ˭ԣ
ׯЦһָ˵ׯҽǳʹļҿʼɣ
˵ͷҩ辶ֱ磬ߵǰʱһŮչ۵ǰ
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Ҷɺһ˲˽ĺϵˣʦҴ᳡ľװƼӣϸֳֹĺ£һΡ
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Ҵ΢΢ƶ£˵ƼԱˣ˭ϻɱۡ
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Ҵޱıһ֣һ򵥵ȴشݺںؿڡ

ڶִҴбųһž죬к˶еĹǹȷѡ

Ҵһ֣᳡дǹԥĺ˶ͷʬ͵ڵء
Ҷɼǹ˲ӵĺǰǹԱűԾơ
ĺһҶɣò΢ʵղȥˣ
ҶڨЦ˵ԭȥϲģû뵽һЩ顣
ĺûм׷ʣ˵СĵˣĺҩйŹ֡
Ҷ¶һЦݣ˵ģƾС㷭ʲô˻
䣬ľâ̧Ҷɺ󾱣һףպóʱöԷ޿ɱܡ
Ȼвʱ
ҶûתҲκܶ۳ƵҪӡ
ѽͻȻһɱʹУѪܵĺˣҶɵǾ壬еĺɫҩڵأҩ˼Բơ
ҶɻתŶľ˵壬ǴĻǰׯֻһĻ̫Կˣʵǲ̲ļһɣˣʱٰׯɵһ߿Ǻƣϧе˱˻ڰǮ
˵ƣһ˫ӥ۾Ҷɵܻʸ˴ʱѳ˸©ɸ¶Ѫֻϧʵû˿ɱѾԷֱӡ
һжֻ޸ݵĲ²⣬ׯǺ飬ǲ޳ΪṩΪ˻þΪǵ¶̳ƿ֮һ⻹ʯŶĴ͸ǡ
ɬĻСţȴԵõ㣬ֻһС֣һɹԱһʱͻɱׯյ³


662 ݱʬ浤
ƼѾȫȡû᳡ڵĿȨһж鹦ҶɣǰƼӳֻԱס׹ţԱϣ˵ҪţҲթ̸ϵϵص㣬ϵԱǽ뷿ŵһɵ̴ζʱ̻ԡ
ҴϾʱϰ䣬˵ԱǶĵӣеĸŶԱһҲе£ǿſڣ˾ţ֮򿪷˳ȥϴȼӹСҶӣƨһš
Ҷɲ֪ƼʲộƴҴʱϿ˴𰸣һֽҶĲݵֲƳɵ̣Ҫ̺ܼ򵥣ֻˮɡ
ˮԱҶɸһװ롰׹˲佫ת䲻鵶ھϴ˸
ׯƳһɫҰ׵ľͷȻ˵ԹųܿܣҲֻõĹ߶ѣƻʧ޻˵бǾҡ
ɵ˵ᵺƼҵʤ񣬽ҶֻﶼҪһС֮ͽҪġ
䣬׳ƼǰҪְׯ򣬲һ˦Ͱ׿⣬˫һס̵תԾš
Ҵۼֿ죬ºŲһſڣ˫ƺƷְĳӰӢ׷ɣһδׯͷ䡣
ׯβͣö̵ŵɫһǰֱţ֮ʣѾٲ˽˲չֳߵǿʵ
Ҵ׮ΡȻһ࣬ĳײ²ƿࣱ죬ۿׯ転嵽ǰΨƴȫһ
˲䣬һ˲Ϣׯݺ뼹׶ʴǰľʹ˲䴫ݵʹֽһ˫ȻһͣӭƷأֻ죬ĵõɳȥڿУѪӿڱǼ
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ׯԴݺײʯǽϣǿĹ˲۶ϣλؼװ׿Ĵڵϣ۶ڱѪֱֻʣһ˿ϢۿͲܻˡ
һׯɳϢͶҶؿڵĵ֮û
ԭ봹ľĿׯĲ״ͷһ£̴ͷѹ˵ǶǱׯãΪֲεĹʧҿþóһʷĳ𣬻λŹǡ˵ʱϰСƿ룬ó
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һҪСƿݵУȴҶһץ˹Це˵ʲôöƿǴ浹һźɫҩ裬յǰš
ݱʬ棬ⶫܿǣʬֻʱסǵжֻܰճɻҽ
Ͽܵͳƺһ˿
Ҷеĺɫҩ裬ʵʬʲôʬô
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Ҷʵݱʬʲô
ϿݱϹʬ겻ഫݱ֮غʬΧܽ꽣Ȳľ֮ǿʤǧٱҪƾݱʬ治ѣѪʬϼɣٰҩԷ£ʬ־ƶԷ
ҶеͷһۣȻ»һźҩ裬תеҩŻƿУϵҩ裬Ȼγ鵶ָһ㣬һѪð˳Ϳҩ档
һж￴ڣ촽⶯Ҫ˵ȴҶͻȻסѸٰѲоݱʬĺҩ赯˽ȥ
ҩֱӵʳθңϵıȻ䣬ͷһŻҩѾ˶ӣôŻû취³
Ҷɰ˵ĻԹ˰ѾݱʬҲΪ㣬ô˵ʱоʶƺʲôǾ븹еʬá
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663 ˯粨
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Ҷ˵ͷʬžһʬؿڣĿⲻӹǿľףͻȻһϸСǰľף

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ոңһᣬҶɿΰ乬ſ˳
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ΰϵı΢΢һͣٺٸЦ˵㲻ӦңҿԸһ£Ҫɺִб
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ҶɵһЦ˵߰ɣȥϹޣ˵һ쾳ؼ
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Ҷգգ۾˵ٵҼӣҪ졣˵ߣͷˮΰԭء
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ҶЦЦ˵Ϸ̨ǣ֪вУ
ΰһ˼⣬ҡҡͷ˵˵ϹϷ˼ޣ̨϶ǲеģ̨ϵͳƣܸϷӪͨʱ㴫̨֪
Ϸ̨ϳϵͳƣܳĿ飬òı䣬ID϶ǲɸƵĶΰ˵ģܸϷӪĬп͵Ŀǰ⼸ǲܵġ
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ƺãסìƼ̧Уìͷ·ճ˵ϣôҲ޷̧磬ֻܱһƵ̨Ե

ſһȣ˫͵һ̧еìƶɣڿлһ̻һб̨·ɳϣͬһʱ䣬ؾһŰײԲԵͷ­𣬲ѪӿʬѾ׹Ʈɢ
Ҷɿ֣ãа˼⣬һչأõǴصòضʲôϵɣ˼䣬һᣬѾվ̨ϣֳֹصڶ档
Ƴһ۶氫꺺ӣйصᱧأӰ˵Ƴã̸ֽ¸С
Ҷͷְγ̵һЦ˵ŷǿʲôֻʹ
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䣬͸еѾʤ֪һ輼һһƽʵʵӡ϶ţӻ˲飬屻ۻޱȵķɳȥѪ磬ѳɶ֡


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ԼϢһԵϵͳ̨Ͽ

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֪һ̧һĺâɨֻöҶ˫ͽȻһ𣬵һǿƥķͷһݽ̤аٱ们ӳԼٶΧŶֵת

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ҶԽתԽ죬˫ԿĲ˼ٶնӡɲǼӳٵÿһЮױȵ֪һȵֻм֮޻֮
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Ц˵յ鱨ҶΪϷλṩ˲ٰϷеõ书ؼҲóҹܶ༸ְա
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߶ȥִᣬֻʣҶһ˿ɱ֣ÿѰĿǰر죬õؼٴ򿪡
մ˽ľյʮԣԿ˿ϵıٿȻһ䣬ٶȻسǡ


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ͽܣܾƺΪѣǵץһϲˣڱھҲ벻ǸľګɵСӻҶٵͽܡ
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Ҷɵһϵ绰ϰѾϰӿ첽˹ȥڴѾԼҪһȥʧٵϲƣܴҵһЩ
ϲҾʵס嶫ͷһŶĴԺûйԺţţ粻ҲûЩûٵһжԭģ
Ҷôϰѷ磬Լ˽ȥڴԺԼôһԺ˳˳ְԺŹϣһһ\ľӣһһСС㣬һǳҪ֤˵ϲʧٵһ˻ĵ֯йء
˻ڱһˣҶɲ֪Ⱥ˵ʲôɸ˵ܣһԿ϶һòڰ˻ᣬֻ˵ⲻһͨİϡ
ҶûлؼңֱӴ򳵸ϵйǰ³ͿĲܹⶨЦӭ²ߣܾϸܵĺ顣
ܹⶨ첽ߵǰЦŴкҶ٣ˡ
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˹ĵСͷŵ˲ˣǸյڷصĲʽǲҲܱ˳ϵϵվһԵȴŮԱҲѧ˲֪ʶ
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绰ǲܹⶨģЧʼߣܿ鵽һЩ˾ʯ룬Ǳˣǰմӵѧ˲һݣû뵽ȥɴ
˾ѱ̾УѶõһϢ˾Լԩģڼݳ嵽ѧУſǰ˴Ƶģ֪Ϊʲôݳײɲһ
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681 
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ҶûаͣһӿֻһţԶּٶץңûǰһСذɭɭĶϹǴ̴Ƥ˶Ѫ˿ڴȾǰء
ˣܽˣҶиźֻҪǰܴ֡ҳһŷ˲䣬һķٶۺηľУ˫ȭְ㼲ڣ§ͷ˹ȥ
ҿԸһĿ飬ù¯ỳУºҾͻпķɱ
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ҶɿЦ˵ڸоԼ˶Ĳޣ񵽵İôŪС
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ûж˵ʲôҲſ첽뿪ټĲֻʣҶһˣ˫ۿʼϵϿҲյش𡣾׼ĵڣͻȻͿȣһϤ
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684 ¹
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ԭȿǿٱʧȥһּ״̬ľɽƫƫѾõϿƬʶ˼ҵռʱһɹϿɲҹڵѾǿͬʱҲ̳ڲǷݼ䣬ڵҲһս֮
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685 
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ǰϵ鱨ǰƳ˵ǽ鱨漰һصţɱŵӣõĽԿҲűǰߣҷϼѾɳ֧սǰܶɽѰʥأܿ˴ŭš
Ҷüͷʵ˼˵ŻᱨܣţBĹڹǰСϰɣһȥʲô涼ˡ
Ц˵Ŵǧ꣬޷ҵȷλã˵йƣȷѪֻͨӣͷʹŸֲڰֻܱвͿ˲أⶼǲԸ⿴ģⶫҪֵøʱ򡭡
ŴǧأǻصĹ֮һʵǿ῰ƹһǿĹֻͨݰĴڣǿףҲûʲôƶ֣֮һͽܱΪ˫Sطɱۣȴţһж㲻ʲôиԭ򣬷ŹĵֻܱܽƲá
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692 
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵һٸҲ״ҹ߻쿳Դ
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Ҷɲ֪Ͳʿ밵أһԾӵ룬꽣ԵУ˫ȭһƣЦе˵ɣֵýֻʨͷ㹻ˡ
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ǿս۴˵أܸܵжеĲֹҶһˣһ࣬ĿⲻԼͬļе˵ϡ
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ѾԺΧܲأҪ·Ҳר˸أһֿԱ̲ȡӦʩԭΪڵһʱ߶򣬽һȨץУڸղţһֻóֵ˲ݺݾ֪ѾˣҾͲڸֱҲ޷յԷϢ
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695 ޾
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Ҷɷְγ꽣ʬ浹£ǰն˫أԴţ·޷ŸղŷһС
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Ҷֽ̧޷洦ڼͷ˦߳ţֻ㵵ŵϵͷʬ㶳
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µ߷ڹ̨ܣޱſеҶɣоʣһսȻĽ㡣
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üͷš˵ѾΪȡ˱ʱ䣬ȥԭ
ҶḧǰС׹¶һĨı飬˵Ҿȥһ˾ԭΪŪһЩ飬οҲһ䡣
üƬִ̣ӻ·һҶУ˵ȻҲԣȥʵڲбӲţ
ҶɵƿһۣһѽԿףɫ΢΢һ㶣ⶫǽ֧սȥܶɽȡʥô


697 Ʈ
ҹϡԭϵţȻߣ紵ǳǳݣɳɳ죬ڶĥ
Ҷһƥؽڲԭʱģԭڲԭϲ۳һޱȵ飬ȴûκˬĸо˫ɨܣСÿһϸ΢ĶѾڲԭ˴ͷҲûݵӰҲʲôʱ

һ󼲷ιмһ˿ѪζҶӭӣ׼ȷ׽һ˿ζսĿǰһĻ⣬˹ȥ
ԡ
ǰ̧˻һͣҶɵս˫۽ǰĻѣԱ೤ľ׮ľ׮˴ѪܵͷͷһһŮǰľֻӡϣá
ԻһŮˣһ֦ĵĲŪŲнԷƿ
ҶɷȻ˽˵ΪʲôҪɱǣ
ŮҲתͷ˵һ¶͵ĹŮɱҲɱˣѵΪָô
ͷ­һԭ¶Ӫ£鲪ҰսĵŮɷǣϡͿԴ
ԴӾҲ֮䣬ڼŮ֮ңһֶϽţЩϵ²°ˣ˷ԵԴºƬԭϺܳһʱڲ˸ðŵԴķҰս
Ҷüͷ˵ƴѣʵһֱ㣬ǰʱ䶼㡣
е֦£˵ô͵ǸŮˣôˣҲҡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵˵ǸĵŮ˰ɣʵƴ㣬ռ䣬һȷڵĿռܿͻȻһжҪҰæŲ㡣
ͷһЦͻȻһѳɴ¶һǿݵɫӳ·ɲ
ΣֻһΣ˶ϲƯŮˣ⸱ģǰͣ˶Ǹĺ
ҶƿЦֻһಷڽϵðһϸ֪Ȱ˵Ůˣ²Խ
ݺһվһӽͷ­ɨѣʵңƹ
Ҷüͷ΢˵Ѿ˵ռ䣬Ψһϵˣҿ԰ϵҪش⡣
ݺ˵Ҳ˵Լռ䣬ҪܰҵжҶԻش˵⣬š
ҶԶ룬˵ƴĵŮһŮӤʱͱ߷ס˫Ѩλ֪ǲġ
ϵƤҳ鴤˼£ӷ·һ㣬˲˫۽Ҷɣ˵ҺĵŮˣһΪһӤҾһСѾˣ⡣
Ҷüͷ΢šʵ֪˭ס˫ȵѨλʲôĹߣ
һЦ˵޷ס˫ѨλҸڽù߾ӦʥԲ龳а벽֮ң
ģѹ쾳ҲⲻСñѨλԭϹº֡Ҷͷȴ˵ҿ԰ϵƴ壬ΪҲҪһ£㸸׳ֽ⿪СŮѨλ
һ˿âʵСʲôϵ
Ҷҧҧ˵СŮ󣬵걻ϵؼҸҴӦܶѶҪκȣҵܼ򵥣취ڽֽ⿪ϵѨλ㲻ͬһ̸
ݺ˵ǵһʱСô죬ҸװѨ޿ܡ
ҶĿһݣ˵ֻһ취ס㣬ڽԹԶֽѨδ䣬һڹľ㳯ϵ;ȥѣֱ㾡ȫ
ݵ߳һȻƣ˫ƺƻ㵴һһ֮תΪҶʮơ
ҶٿȻջؽؼһڴֵڹ˲չţչĽЮһ䳹ĺ⣬һ˿⻪
֪˿ߣܹ⼴ǰ˫ƽҶ㹥ҾܣӰƮŲǿƥ쭷罫мͬǻȼյĲнһգƮɵĻƹɢƮ䡭


698 ܲεĵ
ԭףȸһŵĹкף˰Сʱ⾰ûֻʣޱߵĺڰ¡¡ͻȻһ̶ХݵԾӰ˶üٶȳһûλóȥ
ҶɾеĳѾȼݼͷ漸ϵƤֻҪһ촦
õʲô
ҧгݣԹ֮ɫùλһѴСѪǱĳˣĹ߱ùҲᵱʧȥ
ҶȻջ鵶˵ʲô㲻Ҫ֪һ취֪ͨڽ𡣡
䣬һӰǰңƽ϶ţһ۶ȴٳٲǰ
ಡ
λϣλͼսӳҲһϵǰңƽһǰʧȥݽʵʵ
˵ǶǿȺϽ˿ţȲʥ۷ҲѣˣԵһʹëͷСϣģȴֻһ˫۾ԼСӣ޲ܻʸǧٸ͸
̧һӣ˵˴ȥֽϸһ
ȡһĽ͸ݴϣȡһϣֻһ¡죬ӲԶһװ˱һѺϳҹɫ뿪ԭ
ҶɶڻأŲŲÿ춼ϷڣƴȻûϢκͲʿȻҲȥϵÿλֵй䣬ʱѼ쾳ؼһԶĬд˳ȨǴʱ䡣
һգҶɴϷ׼һȦ򿪷ǰһųĿǼ顣
ιСվſʲôô
Ҷ˰˶ȣЦЦż飬а¶ŶԷ⡣
ڨڨһЦͷ˵֪Ƕ֣д衣
ҶȻʧЦҿСӲд裬Ƥ԰ɣ
¶һĨı飬˵д裬طҶҺˣȾơ
Ҷ΢Ц˵СҺȾ˵бôõĽڳô
ĳҡͷ˵ǽڣдٺȾƣ׼̳𣬻Ϻõ¹ɣ˵ˣҪó汾붼롣
Ҷɻ˻βӣЦ˵УҴ꽣Сķڷ˵ת߽˷䣬꽣һ뿪
ʮӹվϣҶûаν꽣ǰЦе˵ְɣС
üͷһšһĽһ쳤Ҷţֵܣд飬ֻȫԸǶԱ˴˵ء
ҶԻΣɱܹһĽ⣬ϵЦݰֲ˵ͣС
ĿһݣӹĽȻתŰҶţһףаֱ仯ֻһС
ҶְͻȻߣڵϻһĺۼʼսڽ֮ϣէһۿȥδƶһ㣬в٩ڶУһУ
̾˿ֽʣҡͷ˵ˣСҲ֪ʲôԵƵıǣ֪֮ٴȥҲȡ裬Ⱦȥ
ҶɹЦִڴץ쾳ؼУСؼʱúĥ
鿴һеؼ¶һĨڵϲɫЦ˵üһֹ£ѹ˵ǹӮҡ
Ҷգգ۾Ц˵֪ĸԱ˳ŵҽͷҾ˼쾳ؼѣʲôƨӮңˣȾȥ
˵ͷ˵Ⱦȥ첻޹顣
˺ȵȴΪŵͷʹСҶƾһ֮Ǵһʥһ׮湦ûʱȥʲô۹ͣҪһغĴ¡
һʥñڶǿߣǧ֮ɲ⣬һλڽ֪ŮܵϢƱչ񱨸ʱСҶҲδܵУܻصش֮׶һɵӰʧ޷صѹܲμ
ϵĵ绰壬ץͲ绰ͷһԴϲ
ܲΣλ˵߾Ȼˣ˵ԸṩŵľλãҪǴӦһ
ãֻҪṩλãʲôӦ
⣬·ܿĻϿջ۳һĢ״Ʋʡ


699 
߱ҶɿŪһδҪӲҽƲӹŹһҲŵΪֶνŴӻĵͼϳĨȥ
δʥݺ޵˼㣬ͬһΪ˻ڵλø֪ܣһܱӻȫ
򵥵ڴӦܿλ߿е֪ŵľλãϣһټš
ִѴﵽ׼κι̶Ŀĳ̶ȣҪ˰һλõ֮ڣܱ֤׼Ŀ꣬˼ȥһѡСҶ
Ҷɲ֪ܲ׼ԼȥʲôλʱߺȰƱ߽¹⣬ֻ̳ûÿ̳Ӷа˸ߣװϰٽƣҲ֪ʲôӰ̳ƴ䣬˵Ǻȣ趼ˡ
ƲƾųǱںþ֮˵ǾġҶɺͼƴǾÿ˺ңѾ˼⡣
һƣǳһ۸һ
Ҷ϶һƱ˵ͷЩᣬ϶žƱﲻ˵ʲôԷܲµ˼
˵ˣʵ߲ˣٺһ϶䣬ҶѾȹ˱оƣòҲֻܺ°뱭뱭Ƹ¶ǣһֱӵ¡
ҶɺٺЦִӴ̳Ҩһƣ˻Դ˵þƣѵһأɣһںȾоƣ淿ſˣ߽һӰԴؿڣ
ͨҶһͷԵڵأ߽¶һ˿ЦǰζСҶת˳ȥ
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãҶɸоԼһıߣһ˫ۣһͰˮԼϵͷһѻ̧һưˮͰķɣ߳ȵʲô
Ĩһϵˮ飬û˵㶼˯һһҹˣܲ취񡣡
Ҷɷ˸һƵ˵ʲôƨ˯˰ȥܲΣҸݵսˣڻûұȥ֪ʱɴ©٣ڳһŲļơ
üͷ˵ȥܲΣѾˡ
Ҷ죬תͷɨһܣŷֲԼ䣬һװ꿼İſ߽һװˣܲ
˫ֲߵǰʵȻŵͲȥˣһɳȥִд˴񡣡
Ҷͷ˵ϴܱκǿһѣǵȥԸô֪׼ʲôֶζԸţסЩģһڽ汻˭Сý⿪ϵѨλѲҪǸ֪ںηĸϵô
ͷ˵˴ҪͻѶλŵָλֳִ̳ԽԽãԼܵһҪԸΣյľǻ߾ȫ񡣡
ɫһ࣬Ьһľ˸񣬴˵֤񡣡
ҶͷһƲƲ˵֤ˣҸһȥһһҲ˼ģȥ̼ر˵ɣҪЩʲô
˫΢Цǹһ˿̵ĻȣʵȷҪȥ˲ôʵ㵽Ҷɻӧ˴ɹļʽ
Ҷһµӵ˵˲»ߣ˵ɣʱ
һЦ˵̶Ѿ׼սȰʪĻˡ䣬һ˽ϻ꽣
Ҷ¶һ˿Ȼı飬һץӣû˵Ƕƺ˵ģҿɰѳ˵ǰͷûȷﰲȫ֮ǰҪȡκжĵĲ޵ҪʰϡͿԼҽȥ
Ц˵һɷģ´һȷǵﰲȫ֮ŷ
˴жõ˻Ȩ߲׿ϣ׳ָʾһҪɱų񾡣ٳκв׶ȫ
Ҷɵ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôŴһܽϴԡ䣬ʱϴԡڴˮĥɰŶܿˮڣСҶ˳ϴˮ衣
Сʱһװֱգܿ컯һɫСʧңԶʡ


700 ÿ
ƻĺֱһƬϿ꣬ӻڴһһŮѸ£ֱȥ
ȡһӵͼֳֻ̧ۣϷһָ˵ͼʾžǰ治һǾڸҸطϢȫж
˵һﲻԶڹȥҲ˶ʱ䣬Ҫھ͹ȥ
ҡҡͷ˵УϳڵرضжĿֱѾǵע⣬뿪
Ҷѭָķһ̧ۣͷԶһ˵ҵطϢ뿪ǰĨϵĺۼȥơδ䣬ѾֻޱȵԳ˴ܿ콫Ũ֮ܵС
κһۣѸĨϵĺۼ뿪˲뿪ӣӰڵϸһûκοɺۼһ뷢׵ͷ̧ͷɨһĴ¶һ˿ɻ˵ѵղŵֱֻ·
ƾʥõĹԸ߻ֵ̫ˡ
ͷԵ¶һ˿м֮ɫ߶һԼİ׼вֵһɹ
ͷɫһ࣬˵Сʻ괬׼ǿޱȣУǼǿ䱸е
˵ͷһڴ˵ƾָտɴʱܵ˼ָѧϱͻƣҲһ⡣
ͷһЦ˵ʲôõģ滨ֽаٺһ㲻ǵżôƨô
˿˼ɫ΢䣬æͷɿ˵̸ЩΪʱ磬һеƾ֮ǡ
ͷͷ˵ذɣδ䣬ѻȻת̸ϣӰ缲磬Ѱ֮
һжϵҶֻ뿪Ѹϸ֦һԾһֻ鶯Գһ갫ԾϢĳ˱Ӱ׷˹ȥ
λڳɽ֮ɱӣԼôʮӹ⾰һˮļӥǵԣԾǵˮԾ㵽˶԰
ҶҲӥǵԣһļǵˮʮСȵʯͷÿһ鶼Ը߳ˮ棬ղλ߾ǲʯͷɹǵҲû룬Ծ˶԰Աһ·׷ȥ
λԷ˽Ųïܴѭĳر·СǰУҶɶһСģ̫¶ٺܻܿǰ
ӼߣԴ󽵵ͣػУһӹ⾰һ³̦ĸʯǰ
ͷǰ벽̧ʯô˾£ʯһ۵Ŀ϶ɽԶ˼룬ʯڷһ죬ƿ߼һ飬¶һŶһ˽ȥʯڻ£Χɽһ޶
Ҷɿ첽ߵǰһʯڣ˵һ̧˵ͷѾҵϳһɽأЩӡ̻㱨һ飬ڲʲôģö֪ܷװλǽξ
Եȣ㱨
Ҳ޷㱨֮һнܲζᡣ
ʱȥܿȥһӣҲҲûԤϵŲڴɽأǷҲһܽһѱȻȡΪıʱ򽫻󻼣߲亦
ִг⣬Ψһİ취߲쵼㱨ȴʾ𸴡
Ҷֻӵȴֵ˰ͷȻûѶһʱǺнˣѾʱ뿪ͷ
Ҷӣϴλǣڰһŵſڣһŵɽһŵɽβ
εϴҶɵӦһ̿ʼжλǽĴָǴС滹пճǿƬҪʯɼ򵥣Ŷ͵ʯɽҪЩֽŲ˶ʮҲûﰵԾɽСͨҲ޷Դɽʵƻѹܲλͷۡ
ʮңҶڵɽִǰȥ߾Ȼ޷ɽͷɽʵ̫󣬿ϺҲѽɽȫƽһٲƽѶȲСһ˼Ჽӳǰȥ
Ҷߵúһ·϶ڵͷϸдɽΪȻϣеӲղ⣬һ쾮֮ͨĿλڣֻҪҵɽĿλпܷ׼ҪʱϸѰңȡһÿ


701 ᱦ
ͻȻ꣬ˮưͰ£ҶһûֶˮȻ޷߱ģ壬ˮˢŢĵ·ҲΪѰҿλ˲Ѷȡ
ǰ׹⾰Ҷɺ񿴵ǰˮڳͬһۣӿŲߵǰһƣͷһϲǰ׵ĵطһ쾮ⳡ껹ѷλã´ӿڴͳһλߵ쾮ԣֱ˾ڡ
󹦸ɣðԭ·أӥǵʱȴѣӿǵǵˮڵľˣʯȫûǿȥްգԥһҸط꣬˳ҵ쾮Ρ
˳ŰǰһҶҵһĺõطһïܵľɡڵס꣬·һƬδˮʪĸ첽߹ȥɢȡϵ
СӸϽǻϣܲѾ˾ͣʮӺ´﹥ڵλòȫ
дһ˿٣ܴϲ鿴ҶڵλãΣ
ҶһƵ˵´꣬ǰǵţڸͣ˵ɽһ쾮֪ͨܲΣܲܰըʲôͶŶλλã쾮ڡ
˵û⣬ϵСӱʱ䣬ͣϸϹϡ
Ҷϲ鿴һڵλãԼףʮӸϹȥʱԣ°˰˵ģһܸϹȥ
жϵҶɺǰһ󼱴ٵĽŲ̧ͷһͷڣһȥѡݱһʱƻȫ̼ƻ
ŲеҶɿǰһŮȻϵһһǱͨĴ󸻺ƣŮһɴѾˮ͸ʪϡ
֣ʲô
Ҷͷһ磬סץ˵ĳ嶯ȴ
һ±꣬أҲ˲Ͻ⿪һƨ˵ϣһ
˽ҵñ¶һŲ̺۵ĳѮû̫Ѩ߸߹һ֪һߣҹ򲻵͡
뱾ŲԶҿԴŶȻȥͣλȥ
ûϢ˼˫ɨ󱳰װһϹ汦ȥһġ
̧ͷһգ˵ֱ²˶ãͣһȥݻһֽ
¶һ˿ɫͷɿ˵ⶫͬСɣûпֱܳҿǾ·Ϊá
վһԵŮ˲̲˵ŵؽ绹ʲôòöȥɣ
Ŀһݣƺ̽һסŮ˲ӣ۽ϾģһֻСаɡ
ŮôҲϲԷΪһ仰ǨŭԼѿסӵƣȻƺǯѸե
ƺһУп㽹ûаŮ˵Ǻ޹ϵ
ಣ
һâѸ˶ţеҶ̲ס֣ðճֲΪ˾ŮˣǿҵԤУƱĶ䵽ڽУҪȡȳλߡ
էͷͷȻһˣץסŮ˵Ƽ̧𣬾Ů˵嵱ɶͼסֶϮδ֪
Ůþȫָһֻһ죬Ů˾Ǳֶϣʬ岢ûеסâڿһۣ˲üģһĿ졣
ָɣŮ˵ʬڵϣѵ̧ͷһïܵڣ浹ȥ
Ů˵ɴһߣ¶һŲŧĳ˾ͽ磬ԭΪܽΪֱ𣬲뵽ͷȴϣ޾һҵȼյԼ
ƷӦ죬һժ±ȳǵȥĶҲΨһ룬ƴȫǰɱԺιһ󼲷磬ȻһеıѾʧ
ҪˣԼܡ
һϷʵƻתվһڽߵˣ¶ߵĲֿжϳԷᣬһϤı
ɱҰɣ
̾˿¶һĨȻ֮ɫҪ֪Է˭ԷȻŸɱ˾ǳűĶ»ڡ


702 ˵
˶ԼֱͲ²⣬ƾǸ뵱ȻΪΪᱦδˣһȫżȻ
Ҷִ򿪱ͳһʲôмиӡеϴϿؾСӺôĻԵҸطѾװȥ
ʱͻȻͣҶһ۱Ŀƣתӥǵȥͣʮܲξͻᷢһʱϵȫ
վһСɽϣ˫۽СиڳԼڵλüƶǷɱҶɣСƶٶޱȣֻҪǰҾܽ밲ȫ
ˣһʮףһסʮסͻȻͣϵıȻһ䣬Ŀ⳯ڵλüɨȥֵûзҶɵӰ
Ҷɵĺ˰ҼƶηֺȻӹԼڵλóͶȥ̶ƶ˼ףȫ˰ȫ򡭡
¡¡
һľ̼ŶĤŵ׵ĵ漱οǰһŻ˷ɢһǵĻҰɫĢȽȽա
ƨİȫӶ䶼ˡѸٸܸоһȷűι̧һۣҶɵĺѾͣСӾȻ˰ȫһ⣬ͻȻʧرʾ
ҶҲϿκûѡ˻ϣǳһرʾֳǰܳף˸εɽͣ
ؾǴ˵ϹŴĸִƵıҶѾ;£һƴֱҪҸ˵ȥΪϿҲ֪ؾϲ֮ʲô״
Ҷž棬žУϵıһƬأʶе͵ʵϿȷؾ治Сô
Ͽ˵ӦòᣬؾϹ֮󣬵ʲôҲ֪벻ȫһ֮䡣
ҶһƵ˦˦ͷ˵˵˵û˵ˣͶһѣϣ
䣬۽ؾһ£ʱ·˲侲ֹҶɽ˫۾ȴ֪еؾȻһȦʹ֡
ҶԺȻһ죬ʶгһֵĻ棬һΡĴɽɽվˣʵҲȫˣСҰޣ޻˺û˵ɽ鶼ͬһգȷе˵ӦһƯеŮˡ
Ů˳ƮɢһıβƸ߸߾нһ澵ӣؾ
ؾ˸ϼ⣬ھϷһȳĹţһľ״׹⣬·ͨһ硣
ȺһλĿΰ׳οն˫ָ߾ٻͶţ˫еһҰɫԣ׳û˿ԥټͶ˲û

һ߳ڿǰУһƥͶȥͷһŮˣ۶ü˫ˮӴһ˿Թ˶࿴һ۶Ϊ֮Ȼȷ꼻һ֣ɲǼûڹ֮С
һһŮͷɽϵ·õĳѶţڿͶţת۹ɽֻʣ׵ʿ˼һ쳣ߴͷʬ塣
ͷʬС߸нһ޸ұһǾ޶ܣʬеҡζ䣬һ㡣
еıβŮһΣʵսڣ
һʿ̧ͷӦɢһʱ޷롣
βŮ̾һ˵ˣ߰ɣǧƣ񣡡
ʿͷʬοն˲Ͷ֮УβŮ̧׿ӣϳʧڣʧ˲źľѳƬʧ
Ҷɺ˫͹룬ֱϴ³뵤˫ۣؾûκ״񱻿ˮ̹ƵĺһƬ
һǧƣԭĸ󶼴ȥһ磬һ硭
Ͽдһ˿źѾ֪ԭǧǰ󶼱ĸؾȥһ磬Ҳս
ܾǰûֻʣһЩ壬һ쵱ٴγָǿʱĸٴλعؾǴȥһ硣
ؾչʾĻڲ֪ǧǰҶɿһغ㶨ɣʱѾ޷̫ǿĸڣβŮ˲ŴһͨһĴţЩٶ̫ңԶٸʵףҲȥ̫࣬һ˳Ȼ


703 ɨս
ؾǴ֮ͨŵԿף뾵кϲͷųһºԵɺϱҶգϢΪ硣
ĻŮˣݣںвҲѻ۷塣
Ͽ̾һгΡ
Ҷͷһ𣬳ʵ㲻ǿô죿
Ͽ˵Ҿ죬ɵһƲһ֪
ϹŴĴ˵֪˵׵µһսԯƵȴսʱսȴ׵۾ܾսܱɱԯΪۣӴϵΨҶ
һͳģΨвһɱͥ׷ǰȴɱôܣս֮һֱɱͥԯҲǶֻ֣û֮סս˫Լȥ½һսѡɽ
ԯ֪֣öǰаսûνն¶ͷ­
ͷ첢ûȥǰ˫ΪۣΪ죬ƾһɲ־Ӷսսһݣ־̳ڵս˵
˵еĹҶɺжôҲ벻ս֮ḽԼϣ켴죬ûϹս
ϿѾ֪ͱβŮ˴ߣʲô㣿
Ҷɲ⿪ǰݣϿһλʶĳߣûϿûԼյĳɾͣϿҪʲô߾ȫ
ϿĬã˵ֻҪҵָܻҵһؾͨһĴţҵĹޣǰһΪһˣ⿪СѨλ⡣
Ҷɵ˵Ƚ⵵һᾡȫѰҲ䡭
˵һ룬Ȼһ𣬴εͳҶӣн񡣡
нͨѶģʽǶԷжͨѶҲǿпͨѶ
ţϹ
ҶӦһϵ곯λȥ
κվһСɽϣ˫۾ϿƶС㡣
ÿ죬治֪Сӵôģоһʱ䲻ͻ׽͸ɳٶʵ̫ˣ
ζСϼƶĺ㣬¶һ˿Цݡ
˵ҵһμʱֺرĸоôҲ벻нĳɾͣйϼֻҲ֣ڵʲô磿
ҡҡͷ˵²Ӧõʥ쾳¾ţԲϲ
ˣҾǸʥ˵ɣɶ񣿡
һĲͷ˵̸Ҷɲ֪ʱѾվ
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ҶüͷʵŶըɰ׵ˣǹȥɨսô
һ˵ŸƣղһܲûɱߣǹȥһҪӱСģױ¶
Ҷɵͷ˵ף˵ˣ߰ɡ
ʮӺӥǵԣǰһҶͷһ£ղŵıըȻӥǵʯľԻ촷ۣҲȥһ㣬ַǳ߼Ҵ档
ҶӥǵҵһŤĽۣӦƻµĶλڶѾʬ޴棬ΪԼĶ¸Ĵۡ
̤ð̵Ľһ·ǰУڵλãɽѾֻ´ѲʯʯпҵһЩкĿģǧŻҷǿĹҲѳִɵĻԵĴ
ûҪʲôˣһֿըܻлڡ
Ҷ̾˿ӵϼһνⶫǰӦһѵڳһ
ҡҡͷ˵ܴ⣬ǻΧɨһɨ©ʲô˵ȡ±ȡֱСַһԼһʼžַɨ̽
ҶɺһΧɨ̽߿Ƽ׼ȷʮκϸ΢࣬С򾣬ֻҪֻᷢ
κϸͷСɨ̽߹ÿһأǼѾðһϸܵĺ飬֮Ҷɺˣߵü죬ڵϹȫһۻļơ
ŲΡɽ䱻ըһʯʵ̫ϸ̽ȥûʱɨͷԶܣɨһʡʡ
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ͻȻҶеǷһֱСҺϳ۵ĺ㡣


704 ֶ
Ҷͣ½Ų˫۽סҺƶĺ㣬λڵʮףϷбƶ
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ҶһϺȣһԾ˺Ϸ꽣䣬תɴƬ¶һĥ̴СĶڣڲ֪ڲͣð˿˿
һ嵽ǰѸŸ߱ӽڣ˵䣬д죬˼ߡ
ʱдתļ́ͷȥֻ˱ͣ½Ų̧˵ˣ
δ䣬ڵĶһ⣬֮Уֻÿһ죬һ˱䴩ľһͷ䡣
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죬ף˱˲һ򣬹Ũ̳ӼŨĿζ˱ϵԱȫѡ
еû˿ͣ٣֮һ˱꣡һ죬˱תһʧĻڿƫתһͷ䣬ڻ˲䣬ӻӳӰЩҲýɡ£սӾӢµ˺ȻС
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վڵϵҶɿУͷͼǣ¹˲ö룬꽣ಡһԨīצֻǺһڿмײɽĻǻһ貵ĹɢؾûڿС
Ҷȫ߶꽣ն̡̲ת鶯īǯƣʮغϣ꽣𿪳תݺն򵶱
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һ˵ε꽣ն䣬ʧĵƿ£ŵأ꽣׹հ㼲ն£Ѷϱնء
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ʮŸ߱ը̽ϸ̽Ҳڣڻζղභ龰ĿⲻԼͬתҶɣλСʥȣ޷ٲȻһλޱصм˷ܳݣɻ²⣬ȴֲ֪οڣֻŬš
ҶֲԤУ߲ûбһͨըĳ̽޷⵽Ľ䣬һּпһпѪս
Ҷ꽣۽ɨܣ˴ιķߣܵĹǣһ׸ô߻Ҫλܲε˼
ע⣬ִ̳Bƻ
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BƻܲƶĵڶӦŲǹв̳Σ򣬷ڶдôҲ֪
Ҷҡҡͷ˵аãըһΣֵֻĵը
һ˵ϧܷɻʮһ޷ɱμܼҲҪǳصĴۡ
Ҷüͷ˵ҲܲΪʲôҪôҶֻڽҲûȡʤԽԽá
½ɣ˵ܲҲпԣ˵˸ϧһд۽ţȫڼ磬ȫԸ
ҶɽڼԣƲ˵ҹֻˣɵԭص
Ŀ˸ѸһСťѹ˵ܲԭصİ취һŮˡ
Ůˣ˵ݣҶת÷ɿ죬ܿ뵽ܲοʵʩļƻڽȻһټ𣬰취ǲе㲻ֶΡ


705 ڽ
߲亦½Ҫ񾡣ʲôֶΣҪܴﵽĿأһղؽ
ҶﲢͬܲȷǳֶΣվڹҰȫĽǶϿܲε޿ɺǣֻΪֱЧķ
ܿ˰ȫҶһִﳯžַлһźӰԿһֱ·ŮˣֱɵúܸߣֻܿСڵ㡣
ϵŵŮͷɢȻӦǱܵݣȻʥնڽ
ʱȥֱڿݽżѾ˵ϣʼյͷƺѾ˹ȥȴǿģڽ᲻ŮǸδֻ֪ܲȡʲôǳֶԸһλʥԲߣһȴ
ͻȻһϳأһӰ·չסӣ˲䣬еݺȻһųĻ˲չû˷Բ׵ء
ҶɱųĹ⻪εͷĿѣ̱˫ۣؿںƴֻӰֶļµͬʱЩܣֶεȷʡ
꣬ϴͳҶӣղնǵӷˣߣղǳըһ󳹵ʧ˻װ룬λפԭأһҹԮʱٰһ򾡡
ҶɾĻ̧û⣬ݽУϹ
˵һһ׷ߣһҪϣעⰲȫһ仰˵жϵҶԾ£Ѿ룬ֻʣºͼվ£Էشž÷
ҶͷڨЦ˵ǳ죬ˣܲôû
鵭һЦһ¶һ˫ֱŮˣǻԲѵʥݣͷҶһۣ˵ķһҸط񡣡
ҶЦЦǰ𷫲Ƶ󣬴򿪴ȡ߻ϣӻص˸ǰƫƫͷ˵һ죬ЩˣҸطŪʳ˵
̧һָǰ˵ǽǰĿյ¶Ӫ׼ʳˮ
ҶɺͼһۣͬʱͷһӳǰĿյȥ
ҹˮɽ
ڿյϴһҶɴӴȡˮѻָǵݴӴ˳⿪ֽϵ𼸿ɺһƿˮǰ
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̧ͷӣŤͷɨһۣһ˿죬ָֻܿ˳̬ͻȻһɳ
ҶĴָ޵ţ⼤õò
ҶɲΪȻ˵ʲôǿǵẉ̂˶ӿô˵䱣֤ηԶûθô
ҡҡͷ˵ţ˵ԣҲĶ³
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵Ķ³ڣҪ֪ɽͷѾըһƬ׵أŸְĵضҲըˣڵþǸ©֮ն˵ܿͻᱻԽ
˵ʲôϵıٿȻһ䣬еͨأָ̧ҶЦ˵ЦƾǼСëҲܺŸƭ˵ڼֱǰΡ
ҶûдеͳݸǰžַмģһεĻƽСơһƹŴС⡣
ݵͷһ۵ϵС̺۵ڻӳ±ŤۣͻȻſ³õӣƻץϵ
ǡǡۣ
λʥý˵ǡſһѪʹ֮ɫһţȴֲòš
֪СͷҴʴʣбŲ𣡡
һ絶ȻƼԶƼ


706 ۷֮ս
תͷ¶һĨֵϲɫλɫȻһ࣬ͬʱĿƵɨλһλ˱˫վѲ״վţȴܸһַǳȻĸоͺһʼӦվǸλãƶҲƻĳĺг
߾ΧһϣͶ֮䶼Уȷ豹ʤһǰĻԭվѾﵽ˵е߾磬λΪ곤ʶҲҪ㣬ӹһĿ־壬ס΢΢ð
СģǾ֣
ϳһҧ´һ䣬еıƲס
Ҷ̽أ粽ǰʵڽȣ
Ҳתͷ˵ȣСֺαΪӥȮ
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ʱŹӤ
䣬һ޷ԶλʥѾʢŭıԵ
Ҷ̽ǰ˵㻹ǵǸס˫ѨλŮӤôʥһӤ¶֣Ƥȳǽ񣬺ŮӤþ˾£ʮֻⶼ
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ߣǵ걾һ֮ʣСϻڣСʲôϵ
˫ü΢һĨ˪ǰ߳ɹڼŭһȻɱӿ˲串סԲ׵Ŀռ䣬еһһӲƿأʥеġ򡱡
ҶɺƱһεӲǣе꽣·˼֣һֱͦˣȻ̧ǣ죬ϵĸ׹ȻһɣҲ˳ࡣ
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Ҷһ仡ָֽ̧˵һСҿһСϣҿǸ۲۵ϹҾͿȣҲεζ

һϺȣͷӽǰһҶţһƮ裬нԼŷ֮
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ղһƲûҶɰ˺ɳ꽣вȴϴһĨӰڽ֪ȥ˺η
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ôĿһݣ¼ϴһµȻƫת̼ۡ
ת˲䣬Ҷ͵̧ͷһ˫Ѫ˿סͫף׹հֱ׹䡣ಡһƲ˿ϷѸüģͬһ˲䣬˫źȻء


707 ˽ս
䣡
תﳾҶ˫ϥУߴ죬ȹѾ۶ϣҵʹղסֻܵɴסߵȣֻ׵ʼͣ뽣ⲻλãüϷͣһС
һҪƴֵͷƣһҪתüĹ֮γһݵĽ֣֮˫۵ҶҪ·磬鵶ǣƶֿѾɥ¡
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ݺЦһ˵һΪʲôûӥצԮְɣѾʩС˾ԻУһ
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Ҷ˫潣ϾٷһһѪյ鵶ϣٿȻת׶ƻ˲ѡ
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ҵＦ࣬ˮݻյǡô˼ζҩģϣָ
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ȻҶɴڻ״̬ʹܣһܿ챻ι˴룬űƿκͼ鵽ˣǼÿ춼̽Ҷ˵Ϣʱˣϣ漣
ο첽ߵǰ˵Ҷӣȥһ˱Сţ߿Ū˸ȫһСҲȫ˵üУųȥ˶ˣС˵һ첻ȵȥһ첻ȥϴѧ
ҲߵǰסҶɰƣüͷ˵ֵܣҸһϢŴǶӳϣֶΰսӣѾ˽ﾯǼһû뵽ȥܲҵĺ״СӿѹһúǼһһ١
Ҷӣܲ˵ˣν˴󹦣ֻҪСӺܻܿΪĽһδʮнţBһͿɣ
Ҷһֻһģ׼
С룬˸ϵҶɽŸַҵϢ۽һ󷺳


708 òƸ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת۾͹ȥͷҶɾڲϣƾ˵ɿˮ޶ԣڲдһ뿪ֻʣһˡ
ҹڲҶ΢΢˼»ͫӳһյƣֱ̧һ۾ԼѾȬ˼ѾӺã·û⡣
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ʶлһûϿӦҶߵڹǰִ򿪹ӣ꽣£һҵľñ򿪱˿ԼĶڣؾգԼһȦϵƤ׵ܿѪܡ
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Ҷһ䣬Ħ˼¾棬⾵ӲҲ֪ʲôƳɵĶ
Ҷֵܣлѳɹв飬Բ֮ҹֱֵܷ֮ʱ
Ͽڶƺһ˿ꡣ
Ҷͷһ𣬼ʵ׼뿪ôСϵѨλô죿Ͽв飬ĵСõȡ
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Ͽ˵ΪʤǲһҪ⿪СñѨλѡ
Ҷ¶һĨϲɫ˵УҪϸϻرһҪ֮ǰκСõȡ˵̻²ŷʰö⡣
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Īɿƣ˳ͽͷ£˵ʧ֪ǸۺʱεѴʦ
Ҷ΢΢ݣصͷ˵һΪʦΪۺʱεʦеĶš
Ī¶һĨοЦݣ˵ܺãΪʦ߾ָ
ǰΪȻ˵ûΣүѵˣķ֣¼ܵУ
Īͷһ͵Ļع¶һĨϲ֮ɫĶͷЦôˣСӻһ񽣣ûΣͽܵһ֡
Ҷ죬ͷ̲סļ飬СӴĲ̨ǰɣôʰ㡭ȴ˵꽣߶ҲҪ֧ţܴ߶꽣ԵУʱۿۣԱӦû⡣
ĪЦһ˵ҪǼѿҲ˻һ񽣣ܵһ֡
Ҷɺݺݵ˼һۣеԹ˼֣֪зҲֹһ鲻˵ܲµܵһֵͷˡ
ʱεͳҶӣֱ׼ˣϹҸһر
ҶɶĪЦЦ˵ʦҪȥһˣСõȼˡδ䣬һֱۣٳȾͷȥ


709 Ů
н˼챩꣬ҹĺˬ¡
ٻÿ춼ɳ̲ңԶڴǺӵĵطܳһϤӰһȴ峿ƻ裬ֻʧһ첻һ첻ӦκУ롣
ϼߵ󣬵˵ȥɣʱˡ
ٻִֵҡҡͷ˵ᣬ˵ؼҡ
ϼ̾һĬĬվͷһѴɡꡣ
ʵٻѾ˶෽ϢһֱûѶֲõԤУȴֲԸţΨһľǵȴ
ˡ
дһ죬ϼתͷѭȥֻҹһѸٳ߷һֱҲֻǻն
ֱڱϿ½Լʮ״·һݣӰϷѸ½
磬Ҹ磡
ٻһȳݴķ˹ȥ
մҶҲ˷ɱСãЦſ˫ۣʱٻһ˵ɳ̲ϣеɳء
Ҷһ嵽ǰֵ˲䣬ָ£С˫ϣ˳ֽ
ϣ
ٻʹ˰룬ۿӯˮо˫ȺƱ׶аʹҧҧǿ԰׵Сһ˿Цݡ
磬Щȥÿ춼򼸰ٸ绰ϵϣҼˡ
˵ĴۿеˮƲס˳£˿˿ڴֱϡ
Ҷ΢ЦŽ͵ԲִʱСİֻˣҲûüµģһȥ
ٻվ˫ȴһĸоеȻǰһܸоЩŤͻͷһۡ
ҶʱСõı仯Ťģͷһϲ治ɫʵٻǻеȳëô
ٻҡҡͷ˵ҲǣܾýЩֵֹģһʱ˵
ҶչӵסСü򣬰ͷյߵ˵ٻѻеȶԡ
ٻһ㵣¶һĨŵı飬һ˫ˮӯӯӺŴ磬Ϊʲôеȣг˹
ҶС΢ɳ̲£ȡµһеȣܸоСƫͷյߵ˵ţиڡ
ٻҧŴ˵ͷò˵ٻš˵Сȡһеȣͷ˰ΣڴĲ»վʼûһ
Ҷɵ۲Сã΢Ц˵£͸װеǻ·һ
ٻûж˵ʲô̧˵һʧһΣȼסûгɣ߳ڶѾȫƽ⣬һ˫·ĸоһһȫƿأһ֣ÿһˮ߻䣬ɳ֮С
ˣְκȡٻеļϲöԸӵĵز֪Ѿߵ˱ſڣƫͷһۣ粻֪ʱվ˱׿⡣
磬㿴ˡء
˵һ룬ٻѾǸ˵ˮ
ҶɿмߵСԣ뿪˵һȣСģи֡תͷѭȥصķϼվںߣֽս˫Ŀź棬߾۽ĵطһ۵Ӱ̤˶Уۼѵ밶ʮס
ƴ壿ôˣ
ҶѾòͷһ£˺ǹʶƴ壬ٻδ
ƴ̤漲ߣŸղɳأķϼһ߳˽ɳ̲뿪
ٻ׵
Ҷɸߺһֹϼ³çδ䣬ԶƴһΣһĨӰӷϼӹһ룬ѵǰ
ƴһ˫´ǰٻһʵٻ
ٻղѾ˴纰ͷƿӿǰİ˵ʻһʱ侹֪شҧŴ˵ͷ
ƴ˫ǰһ죬Ͳһѽ֪ٻ§ڻУ˵úӣҵˣЩܿˡ
ҵʧɢŮеļԶ˵߶߶ûûˣٻӲ§ڻһ˫ŶĴ硣
Ҷ̾˿˵ٻ׵󲻾ñΧˣ˾߲żһЩһʱҲ˵ǽȥģš
ƴͻȻתͷ˵л˵ٻ첽߽ţŮطǧ˵˶ȴ֪Ҫȵʱ


710 ˣ
ҹҶɺɳ̲ģϼ͹ɩտ¯ߺ;ˮʳģɳ̲ϱ߳Աߵȡ
ҶȻûտʲȴû£ʳкܿ춼ܳΪ˴ߵζԵδ񫣬ɩͷϼҲ˲տʳ
ʱ䲻֪賿㣬ɳ̲ϵ˶ѾԱ㡣
ʱٻӱ˳Ϲۣһ˿ĵ΢ЦߵҶɸǰ˵磬Ѿڿͷ˯ˣдҽȥɣ
Ҷɰ˰˵ʱ䲻ˣҶϢûɶþģͶ˸ԶĿˡ
һɩΰһͷס£ҶɱСִ˹뷿
ٻŴڴ£˵磬֪׵ô
Ҷ̧ͷ˵ǵģ⣬ûȫȷ֮ǰҲ㣬ϲҪ鷳
ٻ̧ͷһ˵տʼʲôƽпռ֮ĶҲţָоҵһεϵ
ƴпҶϷеԣٶϵͲʿҵŮڿռ伱ҴҸ˹ҶᵽڱеַƴҵѰŮû뵽СҶӡ
ѪˮŮһ̱˴оһ΢ĸӦСʱ̸ʤǧƴ嵱뿪вѵĿԣӱٻһºʾ⣬ǰλ˧׵ǲݷϵʵȥĶѾȥûҪȥᣬϧݵ׵顣
Ůûбͷʹޣ̸ձ÷ǳǢ̸ȴ˶ݵķ磬ԭٻϴѧҪ޸Ҷɣ¸տʼ⵽ϵķԣлҶŮĶ飬Ͱ£ΪŮһҸ
ٻ̬쳣ʾͬҶһͲȿռϵƴ⣬ѯ֮ȷŮҶСǶ飬˼ǰǿͬ⣬ҲҪռ䶺꣬ŮȥϴѧѧУС⣬ֻÿܺŮһ档
磬ǵĳɼѾﵽУ¼ȡ׼׼ѧУ
ٻһĸУˣɼ죬Уֻ֦ҪԸȫȥڶĸߵѧͶ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ѡͺãν
ٻ¶һĨϲɫ˵ǰȥѧڿ׶ѧҪһЩǰ׶ѧУ̸˺ܾãֻҪͬȥ׶ѧͶṩźȥ׶ѧ
Ҷ̯̯˵׶ѧҲУͺãҪ죬ҪܻѧȫȨ
ٻ΢Ц˵û⣬¾˵ˣҪӦһ£ȥֻһ绰Ҫҡ
ҶָһΣЦ˵Ӧ㣬һ绰㣬ʱ䲻ˣһط˯ˡ
ٻͻȻסҶɲӣͷϺѵˮһǣ˵
ҶɵԼ䣬ԸһóͷһϿСȥ׶ϴѧúùͨ˵
ڶһҶɾԼļ磬λڱһӵСɽ壬ͣóӣƷŢС·ǰУԼôСʱ⾰һԣĸķأ˼ݷͷϳҰݡ
ҶɷеĴӣְγĸͷϵҰݣӿһھελ˼˫⻹һҪ죬ǾϿڴ山ɽƽʱ˼ɽԲȰ˫ĹΪӾТǱݡ
ܿҰݱι⣬ϼƷҶɹ˫׷ǰ˼ͷ͵˵ˡһ仰ڣۿˮ˫ţӽճͷأߣ·һ˫˼Ļһһžһһᡣ
ʱȥȼֽɻңһ£ԲҹҲʱ
Ҷ˫׷ǰŲѭżе·ɽԽ룬ܿɽ壬ͣ½Ųе֣һ¹ӳھ俪ӷ·һ¡
Ͽ᲻ߣѡ񣬲ȥ㶼õʦҲõѣ
䣬ҶɸоͷٻѨһʹ·ʲôͷԺȻһգеؾƱһεǣҪƷ̧ͷſָһΰ̹ؾȽȽա
̹ؾʮͣ˿УϷĿˮƾճһȹţΰƮڣһҹչ֫
أӹзɳһӰܣֳָ׳ͦΣȴûͷ­˵еͷս񣬴졣


711 豹棨֣

Хƾգͷսͣڿе£סؾİ̺һ鶯ߴ룬ؾ׹㱻ܾһ׽ס
̾û꣬ؾϷĹźһżĴڵȴʳϣͷսо޸
һۻ׹䡣
Ҷֵܣʶһҹһ֪ʱټѽעؾУгһñسΪһǿߡ
ҶƲƲ죬̧ͷд˵ϿӦ֪ҲʲôһǿߣһĶ࣬źȿͷ˹ӣӵǿ˶ʲô˼
еսס޸Ĵֻζ˼£һЦЦ쳹գþûصݡ
ֵܣ˸־ǿ棬µ㹻ؾôһѴֻ迪ؾлϿʹ֮ػ
ҶƫͷСĴָͶ䣬˵Ҫ߾ߣĥĥߴߴʲôʱҽӻȾƳ⣬ô
սСɽƵһΣЩӿе£ûͷȾƳѶȡ
ٺ٣㶷Ҫ٣ỹѰĸȥأ
䣬սչƽؾһףοն˲ϢͶţеɲǣˮݣתۼʧ
ҶչƽµؾУɨһççȺɽӶȥ
µգ貣ɽٴλָƽ
º׶ѧб¿һҡȸƵꡱװʽҵһſڹҳһƬرӣдд֣ŮϵɿķƱ״ѧӵţƾѧ֤һɰۡ
һλϵΪϴѧŮܳζ˳ѧУ濪һҺƵ꣬óʵݵļ۸ӲУп͵꣬һʱǽֵĻ⣬Ǯԣһֱꡣ
ȸƵ꿪ź󲻾ã׶ѧŮʦһĺ磬һ˵Ůʦһλ˧Умӣ˸λ˫ԣУ԰Ľʺ޵
׶ѧһѧȵú쭷ϯУƸɼ񵥣ռݰ꣬ѧڹѧлһʱͷøУ쵼Ƕ̾ϢҪó㹻ĳ⽫ѧУݻԻͺ䣿
ȥľһλλ˵ѹȫ´ھ˵Ϣ׹ͳǩ뻪Ĺ˹һ϶ɷīС֣һߣԶӲʤö٣ȫǳλֱʡ
λأڹ¶ʱһڽߣϹĽǣȥλû֪ʵݣΪһԶʤݱԱܡжΪЧ⹳˷
ѧ񣬾û˰غϣ֪ԭһˣ˵ĸͷѧҵһкֹ
ᴵɣһֻȸƵڴ̴ľͷſ˼С죬·ڷ質ĸ衭һưǰܣưɵ־ͽо
ưⲢ𣬵ĴڴһƷζرƣλֵŮϰ壬ķ羰
¬׼Ѵһ˶վںߣĿźͷȽȽĳǸѪζرҹʱѳΪһɱ֯Ӱޡһҹ߽֮⣬ֻΪһʱѬĽһ׮ɱľ߼ĸ߼
ºڷߣһڽߵ̽ɱ롰Ӱޡܲ֯жɱǱǵĺڽݣոѴ֮ޣÿһĽ⻮һ߻򼸾ʬ壬˲һӹ򣬰Ӱްɱȫûʬ壬Ҳ⣬һףѪ죬Ϊ޴Ĵۡ
Ӱܲɱֱ¾һգҵ¬׼һˣлǱѪڽת첽뿪һͳڶƻ졣
ӽˣɱ֣ʵҾʺ
ֱ¬׼Ҳ벻˻е˼һûģˣȷѪȥԼ
ʲôأЬʪˡ
ʫ첽ܵԣЦеָָˮʪ˶Ь
¬׼γѰعڨڨһЦ˵ûʲôڿճذɣ
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