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ѰԴӿɽ߳ƣͨţ̤һŽδеĴ֮·


һ ΢ĩ


1 Ѱ
׵۹ϱ
Ⱥɽçç֣ԹűСǧɽǵ֮ءĳƺš
ϼ
ԶԶأѾܹһƴ
Ѱһõͷˮһڿܾӵĵطˡ
Ѿɽˮĵط֮ã¶ޣҰΪʳһ·Ͼպĥѣüθǲɥ֮ڡ
ʱܹһƴ̣Ȼ뼫ԶɻѰһԭƣޱȵ
ǰС
ʱһƬѵҰУѰֽһȷȻôӦôһŶԡ
ƬֲȣѿҪ죬ģһ紵͵粨ˣһɲľ㡣
ֳƣȲʮոˡţԡ
ѰƷʲô·ߵǰϸ˿ȻһƬȳãȴֹۡ
ʪ֣ȱֻЩľϣֳһǰܿήļϸ۲ѷ֡
ѰγһȣжƬ̵ָ̣ıƤͫһ
ֻڲſӨ׳ӣֻɳСǲ䶯ڲʳȾ̺
ɳ߳棡
Ƭܵ˳ֺ
ѰжϣܼʱЩɳ߳棬һƬҪȱؽή˥ܣʧȥʱոҲؽʧأصĻܿա
ӦûСʦŶԣȻŽҪȳˡ
Ѱ˼ȻҡͷɽˮĵطҲκʦԸڴܾˡ
ϾѰ˽⣬ϵʦǺһˡ
ʱȻһ̾Ϣ
ѰתͷһȴڲԶĵطһƤߴһƨһԵϣ̾Ϣѡ
üչڴϾǷ֮ɫ
Ѱһǰ˵ΪƬ﷢
ǰ죬Ѿһ¶ûˣȥֵĶȿɾȫˡ
ƤƺãԵʱɧ˵
ŤͷѰòʱʱԾСһǴģ
УѰһϴĽ׵Ĵֲ£ɵϴһĨ԰ףһģ
󻹱һϾɰ߲ľ䣬ľҲ֪װʲôѹ˶Щ䡣
䣬ҲʮС
һɣȻܵƴĵͷϣʵЩ֡
Ҫ֪ⷽԲǧﷶΧڣֻһƴ壬֮⣬طԶĴɽ˼
ƤӡУʮƴûһİˡ
ȴԼǰͻȻһʮĵ꣬β֣
壬˭ҪҪҿ԰⡣
ѰЦ˵
ԱᱻԷٸʵ׷ʸ飬̫ʱˣѾÿ߲·
Ƥһվ˵ʲô
ѰЦ˵ҿ԰⣬ƬȻ÷ա
Ƥü˿Ѱɵݲ԰ףɵСһòǴţɣ
⻰һƵ˵ɾԵ̫ˡ
ѰЦЦָһɵȣ˵㿴ֲȲȱˮ࣬˳溦ֳɳ߳棬ȾΪʳǲʱǣֵһƬȿɾȫˡ
ƤȻһĿǾеӨɫɳ߳ȺҧģֲҽôˮûãԭЩĺĹǡ
ɫʱÿգͷЩֲȾڲҿɲɱǵİ취
ѰЦԣ۾Цݸɾ⡣
Ƥü̾Ϣã͵һۣʶʲôеСֵܣȻϵֺ棬ǿ϶а취ǰɣ
Ѱ˵ͷĿγдһ˿ݡ
̫ˣ
Ƥ꼤ŷ죬жѰĻѾɢ١
Ƥ⶯Ѱû˵壬ǰæܷӦһ
ƤԥֻҪܰɽæ˵һʮҶӦ㣡
˵꣬͵ط⻰˵̫ʱڨڨȻɶܰ쵽ģǰ첻ģҲûӡ
ѰЦҵܼ򵥣ڴһĵط
ɽԾ˵Ҫƴ嶨ӣ
Ѱ˵ͷĿγɾڿЦҪʱӲ¶κ٬̬Сɵϰߡ
ɽʱԥˣͷţȥ峤ʾһ£ҿҸоӦò󡣡
˵ţŤͷһ̾ͳԶĴȥһɷеģ
ѰȻʶһ⣬ɤӽе壬ǵûʱһЩԵģû㹻ɰﲻæ
ϣ
ԶԶأɽǴ
һλӵĴ尡
ѰЦЦƾľڵϣЩļתϸ۲
һвɻȱʳ̺˿˿Ƶֲȴǳ򵥡
Ӳһ̿ʼҪʱʱ̷̿ų֡֡ҪһֲأƷʾͻήͣܵȫʧ
ǰ˳溦ܽǳɱǡ
ѰԣⲢѽ
ûãɽʹԶ䷵أֻʱ߻һȺ
ϦգȾããɽɽһ˺ƺƵ
Ѱʼ磬֪бˡ


2 ׭
ɽ˵λ
С㣬ĪҪ˸ˣ
ԶԶأѾһԴнԶԵΪ˷ܺͺ档
ѰĿһɨΪһϣ뷢ףȻǼܸߴ󣬾Ͷ֮һȡ
ף
ԶŵѰǸߴ͵ֹüһĨ˷֮ɫ̣һĨɻȡƻȻû뵽ɽеġˡȻһɵꡣ
أɽ˵ĸأôֻһδɵСһվ
ѰģЩɽĴɫҲһĨɡ
ɽʱһΣæеλ˾ǰλСֵܣ
ͻãһͳʱˡ
ʲô˵СëӿȷգֱǺ֣
ɽɽԱСƭˣһʮһСޣʲôˣɱɳ߳أҿֻ㽽һ
ɽҵﶼ˻ʱô鿪Ц
вģЦģɵģŭģһƬԶʶΪɽƭˡ
ϾѰԵ̫٣ϻһĨ԰֮ɫҲѺ͡ˡʲôˡ
ɽʱˣ޴룬еλûƭǣλСֵ˵ˣܲУһԱ֪
ϧ˽Զоϵƭˣû˼͡
ҵľУѰȻΧͶĿ⣬ֱߵǸߴǰû´ӦñƴĴ峤ɣ
ǡ
ߴߵ˵ͷһԴɣĿһѰǲδ¶ʲôԵúܳȡ
ǷӦҵ
Ѱʵ
ߴǰ꿴ףȴһɺ䲻ƥĳȡ
вһͷܰ쵽˵ģҿƴ塣
˻һ˽ԶȻ׷׺ɿڣ峤òСһĻ˰ɣ
һ̣ߴ߳չֳһλ峤ֵϵ£һô֪벻ɣ
ѰЦˣ֪Ѷתɽ壬Ҫʳɴ
ɽæóһɵ˹ȥĵΪѰ׼װˮƤҡ
ѰҲϻһ﹡Ͼ̻ûΰͺͽϣζʵ
Щ񿴼ѰͶ̥ģһЦˣСһòǸƭƭȵСлӰɣ
ɽҲЩһɲ̤ʵĸоѰƭ˵ģɽҲ˶ˡ
ΨߴԴȺ͵ؿѰĿдһ˿ɫСһҪôǸƭӣҪô͡
һֵ֣ܹȵѾֵÿ϶
ûãѰһưԵֹһӸȪˮһ󳩿졣
СֵܣǲǸжˣ
ɽ̲ס
ٵȵȡ
Ѱ̧ͷ˿ɫڵ
ʱһһţԶӿһĨҹɫ
ѾҪͷʱһֱĬԵѰ򿪽űߵϵĳ¾ľ䣬شгһ磬ָĲɫ̵Ȼ̧žֱ߽С
һɲߴһУԼоѰϷ·һʶʣݡרעԵڲͬĵһѿҪȴģ䡣
ߴߵϣ˻ֹ֣סΧɧԹĴ񣺡ĪҪš
͸һɲɵϡ
һ˲гԶʧĿⶼԶѰɫأԴһ˿ɡ
䲻̸ܽһЩ˴ʹһɫϢطɢܣԷѰûܡ
ѰûвΧյ΢ֱӻһĴָϸĽɫϹǡ
ս󲿷ɫĵһؽɫϹϣ͵Ħ
һƵɫķĩӶϹƮѰУֱĸ˺һ㵭ɫĩѰŰ֣СһؽɫϹǡ
һڵϣָպǵɫĩʪϹ
룬һڴܹʲô
ֻѰԲ԰׵һƬרעĿ峺ָһԾʷ棬ڵϹճһ۷ܵȻˮĿ
ЩԶסɴ۾һգգؿѰĶԼһ¶ϢĵɫͼΣͷ֪ΪΣӿһ˿𾪡
޶۲ףҲóѰģһȫ顣
רעƶǸɾ춯ԼһҪ𽥱նĵɫͼиѰһɫʡ
еĺɲ֪˵ѱѰչֳֶ
ǿǶѰչֳֶβĿľС
ʱߴ߻ײһȷһ£⿴ڵ׭̵ģȻƣ


3 
׭ƣʦĶб־
峤ФΣҲλߴȻһ㡣
ѾܶδʦʶһѰжʱҲЩ㱣޷ȷ
ơ
ѵɻһλʦɣ
ԣ
ʦĸǸ߹֮ĴڣǸ̶ʢĳУƵǵλȻ֮
ǰŲʮ꣬ŴصԺᣬƺʹ˵еʦߡ
ФһŬƽеĲĿȥ
Ŷ죬רעݵѰһ̣ФκȻһ޷Ƶĺ棬İ꾿ǷܹһΣ
ռžΨѰ䣬ָⲻʪֵйճһܶ鶯Ĺ켣
ǡ裬пա
Щѿסеĺʧ֮ģһĪڴ
֪ĺɫˣձһĨīҹɫȡһſ˶ǳǻԣһ̸ֱ¹к¡
ҲڴʱѰָ͵һ٣һصͼһ
ˡ
һ㣬ɽɫĩնͼȻһһֱߵĽâ
ֱ񷣡
ʱһͫţħһ㣬ĿһĽâ񷡣
ҹɫУһӲӵ¹ܵٻʼˮۣһâľͷ
¹ʣԽԽ࣬Өˮţǿʥʱд
ǴӳһֱܾƴУʶֶΣ
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¡
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¹۵꣬ʥĹ⣬һâٵһƬܳ溦С
һ˲䣬ƬһƻõɫīҹɫԵͿ顣
е꣬ԡ»֮£ƾնһض˾ηʡ
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峤ФҲ⣬ĿоǾ֮ɫ
Ѱûô࣬һУŰһзһĨظ֮ɫһ¶ͷĺգС˳Ƭ
ѾˣʣµģͿЧˡ
ˣܲš
֪ʱ峤ФѰߣĿⱥ⡣
ѰЦЦǰޣֻɽıǷΪ׭̶һסơˣֵһɹ
Ѱ̹ϣФ΢΢Щ⣬Ŀһ˿ײͣ͵ͷ߰ɡ
Ѱһȥģ
ФȻȻΪ㰲һܾ֮أӽԺƴļˣסþסá
˵ţѸתȥڷı仯Ҳˡ
һзѰ΢΢λ˾еֳһǰԼľ⵹ǳѰϡ
ЦЦѰûгɣŸ˹ȥ

ƴɽԡ¹£Եƽ͡
ФδѰֱӾͷһСԺ
éݣһͥԺͥԺһ򰾢򿪱һݲҰݡ
éʧޣҳ鲼
֨ѽ
ƿţФν͵ϣٻɫĵƹ˺ڰķ䡣
ܶѾûסˣʱס£һ磬ҽһЩʰһͥԺ
Ѱ´һª齡ӦоУڴλûһɢһЩѲҳ
лǰܲ
Ѱֵ
ؿ
ФβϵѰˣҲʲôΪҪܾƴ壬ȻѾΪƴһԱȻͲˣϣԺɲҪһЩԲסƴ顣
ѰЦŵ˵ͷǰıǡ
ФѰ򣬱ת뿪
ȷФѾ뿪֮ѰŽһֱŵĳ¾ľСķڴһϣȻƿĿҹɫеǿա
֮Ѱסһ૵棬ҽ뵽׵۹Ľˡ¹飬밲İɣһԸúûȥġ
ʮһϮֲ£Ժдһ㵭¹⣬ɶԲ԰׵ϣһĨ˸֮ɫһţعƽ
ƴ⣬ԶԶشһ󻶺һľ̾
Ѱ죬ǲһĨЦ⡣
ûٵʱ䣬Ѱֹ̧ϴǰŻ谵ĵƻһδǸʮĳ¾ľ䡣
˿̣ɽԼҵУϾǿܿϲ֮ɫƤ漣漣ĳʧˣģ쿪ţ
ɲ쿪ۣλСĹͣ˺һ䡣
ԣ
ɽһĴȣе֮ǰ˵ʲôţСȻƭˣЩһȴ˼ƭӣֱ飡Ϳˣ
һڴʱһȣڨڨѡ
뵽һźᣬʮɣ¹к£Ϊֺ


4 ɽ
ªĲУ͵ҡҷ¾ɵľ䱻򿪣¶һɫĶУһƵһ֧ɫİ׭ʡ
׭ߣ̻дҲ
ν׭ʣʵһëʣʼΪ֮е£ʦ׭Ĺߡ
ʶ׭ֱƵ
Ѱ˸ϲƵƺƵгʵʵ£˭棿
о˵ܡ
ѰĿһ͡ɫ׭ʡͣãԣżΪͬѰ塣
ԼĪָƤƤüɣѾƾɣһڵѾܾãһۣȻܵһ²ãϢ
֧ɫ׭ҲΪأͨ׭Ϊͬһ氵޹⣬ӡصͼʷƽУͨɢһĺıϢֱ
ѰΪҪر
ľг˶С׭Ʒ֮⣬һЩͷƤֲﾥɡʯһĶԶģַ֮ҲԳ䵱׭īͲϡ
ЩģԶѰһʱĳ;ѼۣҲԻһʲСĲƸ
ľ䴦һֻĴָϸͨ尼͹ᾣʯļӲľϡ
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ѰСóһķٴǰ
һѰȴûд򿪣뵽˳˼
֮䣬Ѱ˼ɣ·ֻص˴ǰ

һɽѺźܶͽ
Ѱտʼµʱ򣬾һֱһɽУǺɫģʪû⡣
Ҳѹ֣ÿ춼ͽȥÿҲµͽͽ
ѰļУֱһɽ֮ǰûܹһѡ
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¹ȴϿѰӣ¹˵ⱲӶûͽܣѰֻһӵģ˶ѡ
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Ѱʱ¹һδѰ뿪һɽ
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УѰǾ޴ģģ⣬Ҳεգ׵ƶ䡣
Ժÿһʱ䣬¹ͻһΣʮ죬죬ٶȷһɽС
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ΨһѰɻǣΪʲô¹ǰյĿɽУҲԸߣ
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ɽˡ
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ߣһӶȾѪޣϳЩɻͽͰںڰ»صš
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ֻһ죬ΨһԵЩľ¹
ѰС֪¹ƢܲãûģС֪¹ƿڴٴΣҲϰ֮Գ
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סӺòײŰ£Բ
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У㲻һֱ֪˭ԭıԴӸ㣬𰸾׵۹
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Ъ˹У¹ɫѾЩѰһȫ壬ʶص˵ͷ
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䣬·׵ĴԨ¹ȴǺɣһѽѰ˿
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ҲһɲǣҰпһֻƣ˺˿ɽϿյĺڰ¡¡ٶ¡
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Ѱ֪Ͼ˭֣֮ԡ죡


5 о
죬ϻ
һɲѰ˼ȻûңǰӰ͵һסݺ߬˫֡
һĻ˾ҫۣһֻ֣ǵأΰ֮
һѰҲ𺳣֪ԭĴڷٵص
Ǽֱ紫˵е䣬ֱժǶ¡ӵлΪܡ
һ죬ҲԵģһ
ѰһеĶ־ȼգһƬĿǰΪǷȱģ

СǰյĿɽг󣬴Сͱ˸֮ڵıԴߣõѰӵһԶ˵Ŀִš
ֱãѰԻָƽһƵƤĿһĨӡ
ڱ¹һһԨĿ֮󣬰һѰʧȥʶ
ٶʱһƬ̵ĺɫƽԭϡ
Ȼʱɽˮ¶ޣգһƬ׵۹Ľ
ƴ壬ȷѾ׵۹Ľ򷶳롣
Ѱǵãٱǰ¹˵ԼԴ֣׵۹У
ָḧһƵƤ飬ѰһԼ侲
Ȼ𣬽һƤС²ؽһ¾ľС
һ֧ɫ׭ٱǰ¹æģҲζͱ¹ΪںҪ֮
Ѱǵãٱʱ¹֣ޱȵԺҪúñǣԺܷ˳оҪˣһ֧ʣвһҲδҿܣֻҪƽ¾Ǳ˱ԴҲ
Ѱһһ֧׭оʲôܣ޷ȷ¹֮ǰȥЩ

ϨеĻ͵ƣѰϴںڰϥʼ
顫
תʵϪǣһھѨתܶʼ
֮ϵٲʢɺʹУйеĵ伮Ǻ̺಻ʤ
һ;ˡ䡿麣졿֡󾳽硣
У侳Ϊ֮ʯΪҪ֮࣬ɲ˭
жһǷܹеΨһ׼ܷ̤侳УҲҪһ
侳ַأֱ׳ͨϡϴ衢ȼѪС졢䡣
ÿһؾ磬ߵȫµı仯
һǸӦΪͨѨϣӶﵽϴӷ̥֮Ŀġ
ִ˾֮ͻᱻϴˢõѪƤĤɿʯܻ
ͨ׶ԣ̤еĵһżҲ̤侳ĵһ
ܷȥǺܷΪߵΨһ־
Ͼһ޷쵽Ȼ޷УҲֻΪܿܿͨͨһԱܳΪһλӵзݵء绽֮ܵߡ
ʮ꣬ѰһοʼӴУ¹ڣΪԪԪһƶ
ʮһ꣬Ѱɹż壬ȫϴȫǣΪһߡ
Ѱʮ꣬ΪŸոͻơִؾġ׳Ρ
ν׳֮ط׳УţƳ
ѰѾڡ׳֮ꡣ
ȣѰٶ̸϶಻ҲֻƽӹݣԶԶ޷Щ츳ʾ֮ȡ
ΨѰʧȥڵġԴ֮ԼܹУѾǲеˣ
ܹ쵽һȻ벻¹İ

ڣѭʮ֮ѴﵽѰܳܵļޡ

Ѱչ³һֱİƥȥߣÿһ󲨶
ѭŴΣѿԲ
׳ҪԲزҪѭʮ˴ΣֻҪ쵽һȥؾ
Ѱȥʱ򣬾ѾԽѭѭʮ˴Σһȥˣز
ԭкܶ෽棬ȱʳﲹ裬ȱԴ֧֣ȱʦָԽ򡭡ȵȡ
ϾѰСһӤڰյĿɽܹѾ֮ңȻûȡ
ҪǣѰľɬܲסҵĳǵǿһ̶ʱѡȥƾ
ѰżСĶĥ˳Ѱĺ
ҪڰĿɽлҪѧȥͼį仰ǿɽһλãҲϵͽ˵ġ
Ѱһֱġ

һ磬컹δѰƵĴ˯
۾һɲǣŷİĻѰЩȻųѹѾԼϤĿɽ
ɵϢϰߣѰûһ˿˯⣬Ҵ𴲡
ƴ壬Ҳ׵۹һ֮أҪǣԼС
Ҫӣ͵֤Լ߱ļֵ
Ѱ׭̵һơɽеġ溦ֻҲܾô׵õ峤ФεϿˡ
Ǽֵ
ѰţһĻ֮ƴľ벻ųԼˡ
֮չһӰѰϴԺһֵ棬Ŷ
ͿߣҰݵԺ֪ʱ𣬾ѻ˲Ӱ


6 ڼ
Ѱľƴ嶫ͷһõСԺéݣһ򰴹
СԺһ໹һݲ˵أҰݡ
Ϊ׵۹֮ĵһܾ֮أѰԭѴ֮󣬾ͽһƾԺúʰһ
ֻѰû뵽ǣƿһɲǣͿӰѻԼСԺڡ
ΪѰǣЩҪôһЩոɱҰҰãҪôһЩư裬ҲæŴɨԺеӲݣмǿ׳ĺõéǽںܡ
֮ԺһƬæµĳƺĬʲô飬ѹƺΨ־ŵʲô
Ѱˣ˼ЩףһĨ޵Ц⸡ִǡ
ѰСˣ
ģͷ˵СɵãһӰѰС羪ˣ
ޣ㵹ԹˣһŸͷô˯ˣοѰС磿ѰС磬ҿɲ㰡
Ѱ֣ԺеĴʱͣжӿ˹һȿֺģƺҪռһλѰ
λ֪Ҫ
ѰҲҵһæʵ
ѰС磬ɽеĳ溦ֶʵ˵ã
һ຺߳˵
˵꣬ͱһ긾˴ϣ˵ϻûѰС綼Щͷˣ
˵ţ⸾ĿѿѰ϶ʱЦݣѰС磬ԺҲƴˣһֻºܲ㣬ǾһЩճƷ
䣬һڴͷ׷׵ͷԶԶԣ˵ǴҪ˵ġ
ѰԲ԰׵ϸֳһĨĵЦݣֵǿ͸λˡ
һڴҲûţһֽذѰʰԺ䣬üƷ
ѰԭæȴǸ˿еġסˣǴˮѰϴȻʢһһƵ⣬Ѱ䵱͡
Է̫飬Ѱ޷ֻܾһһЦɡ̸ʱѰѾıƺԷ̡ǡһüЦ
ѰԹ緹ߵСԺѾȻһ£ƽɾһʯ壬һݲ˵Ҳ¸ţһЩӡ
éɣӲӵĵϺһ㣬ڳзĹ
ư辮ȻذڷţǽϻһɵҰζ
ֱ֮ʱСԺһʺϾסϢ
ѰЦһпУʵЩжִӶȳ磬δġ
ۼһʰϣһڴʹȥѰƺʲô˵λ
˽Զ׷㣬Ѱ
ֱˬ䣬ֱʵզˣﻹȱʲôȱɶ㾡˵Ұˡ
ѰЦҡͷλһ䣬췢һĻҲˣѰıûУɶеĳ溦һֶεģǴҪæܿڡ
£ͼһĶͷЦҵһˣѰС磬ʵҼĶɽҵһ˳溦ۼЩȶҪݰήʵĻţҪհ̣
ۼſڣ˵ʱҲˣ֮컹û۰Ͱ͵ǰѰͶɨͥԺһȷΪ˺Ѱһ£Ҫʵ
ɽһЩֲҲͬ˳溦ۼһճɾҪһܲżˡ
Ѱĳ֣Щ񿴵⡣
ϾɽһĻʵ̫棬һֱӲӵ¹⣬һٽеĳ溦һжЩһǰδе𺳡
ѰС磬ǸҵľĶҲ˳溦أܰﰳæһ㵱һţ
Ҽܵĳ溦ô죬ҼĶȿɾȫˣ
ʱ֮䣬ؿڣ׷ѰһͰ͵ģ
ѰʱЩû뵽μ溦ĴȻôࡣ
һʱ֮䣬ҲЩ岻֪ȴӦ˭
Ѱͣһֻ֮׭һơѣΪؾΣĻÿܹ׭̳һơ
ĿǰȻǲܵġ
Ѿʱ䣬Լ֪ʲôʱܳؽ
ô죿
ȴӦ˭źã
һڴεĿ⣬ѰʵЩ޷
ڴʱһ𣺡Ҷ£ϷѰ֮ڰһһ
һϸߴӰ߽СԺǴ峤ФΡ
Ѱ˹֣ФãէԴ״һͷˮµȷҪһ²С
ˣһڴʱףѰѾӦͿ峤ΰˣǷ׷׸뿪
ûãͥԺֻʣФκѰ
һٶǰСԺͬҲסһλʦʱҲֻʮꡭ
Фθڱⲽһ򰾢ǰḧǴ׳ɣϵдһ˿׷䡣



7 оȭ
Фβû̸ΰֵ⣬ȴ׷̸һٶǰ顣
ѰȻЩ֣ɾš
ʱһƬߣû˾סһ죬һλԶٳǵ·˵صʱżȻһšƻͭСͿ
Фε˵һǰʱƴʮ֮һΪɽɽڣһʢƻͭһƷϼģ۸񲻷ƣзĻһӤȭͷСƻͭܶһ۹ң
ӹɣһŵһʾ޴Ƹ
Ϊ˷һٳһЩߴһץūǰڿ
ʮʱ䣬һűھһգ׷Щٳǵ߽Զض顣
Ϊ鷳ЩߴЩڿūȫƫԶɽУȥ
峤ФΣǵҴڿū֮һȫǵ걻ڿūĺ
ƴ֣Ϊƻͭ
ѰһУҲЩ꣬СһյĿɽУȻڿūĴжңݽ棬ɼ
ƴ峤Фε꾹ȻڿһūʵóϫҲЩ⣬ҲЩ
걻ĽҰУܹٳƴ֣һڿūĺϢֶκɲ˭ܹӵеġ
·𿴳Ѱ룬ФλԳҿûôͣƴ֮н֣֮ȫԵסԺڵλʦĹ͡
˵ţФЩпλʦΪǿֲȣˣƴֻ¶ѶĽҰ⡣
Ѱסʵ˵ػ˶Ӽ࣬ǴΪβ뿪
Фҡͷ˵λڵ۹ϱ֮ǧɽԹűСǵ֮ءĳƺţҪ뿪̸ףǾĳǳأаǧ֮ңԶ;ΣأķŰǿߴûܹŵִ
ѰףԼ׵۹ĽУҪִ̾ۼĳУա
ѰҲģֻҪţܹһʵֵġ
ʱФκȻЦЦѰ˵ˣ֪ǲһӴģϷԱֻ֤Ҫƴһ죬Ǳ㵱Լ˿
ѰͷФģҲѴҵԼ
ФˬЦͺá
ѰФ²˳٣ǻְһΰеĳ溦ɡ
Фͷá
죬ѰФָ£еĶڣɽĹǷΪٶ׭һơ̫֮⽵٣һڵĳ溦
һȴǽѰԭͲĵһɶ޷ټȥ
Ҳֻеȵܼеĳ溦
ʱϱ˷ʢĲȣдѰһ٣ԱԼĸм֮顣
뿪ڴС·ϵʱѰԶԶؾͿڴ봦һƽ̹ĳأʱʮͯϰ似
̫һȺͯԶͭɫļ½һ㾧Өĺˮ
ɼˣȴûһ˽пģԶרһȭ
ȭʽ򵥣ȴǴ󿪴ϣ͸վʱ籼ХʱƻͻϮЩͯԶ߰䣬ɾǰһȭΪ죬·жȡ
ѰЩȻϵôȭΪоȭ׵۹ߴΪеһֻȭ
ֻѰû뵽ƴЩͯҲ԰һȭģԲʲôȭȿɱȡ
ѰΪʱ¹һЩ似боȭ
Ƭ̣ѰһЩͬЩͯоȭȷ·жȣڷȴƺвٵȱݣӵǿʽеȴЩɢ
νɢɢоȭҲˣȭһ籼ףֳܹһɡ̤ɽӣ¡͸վϢ
ǰЩͯġоȭǷɳһЩ޷ȭһʶû׵ζ
һֱЩͯȥ˵ǿǣǶȴк档
Ѱ룬ջҡҡͷ˭˽ЩͯģȻҲǰȥ
ôоȭҲ˽⣿
֪ʱ峤Ф˹˼ؿѰ
ţʱҲϰ
Ѱ̹Ȼ˵ͷ⵹ûʲôġ
ŶЩСһΣ
ФȤȻԼǰˣ׭֮оȭҲΪʵϡ



8 ͳ
Ѱ룬˵ֻǿ壬Ҳԡ
Фһ޲ɱǿжսأ
ѰĬƬ̣˵ФʵЩͯҪĻѵ;
ФҲ֪ʲôϵ΢΢һ䣬һѰȷ
Ѱ˵ͷȫûбҪȥƭԷ
ФμˣһĬɫ粻
ҲڴʱڴڴͻȻһ涼Щ𶯣
ǻˣ
ԶԶأһ󻶺
ѰͿһӴڱڶΪ׵һƤ꣬磬òϣʯһţ͸űը
߸һͷߴ񿥵ϣĿ絶ƼΪ
ߣһӰ˵ѷһ¹һųǹŵһЩ¹ϻһѶѵƤ
һĻѰɫЩȡ
ЩǴеĻоˣΪ׵壬Ǵл죬ӵؾΪ
峤Фһ˵ţһߴѰӭȥЩȭĺͯҲţɱŹȥ
ˣ˿̴Ҳ׷߳һʱҲϲɫӭȥ
ɴ˱Կڴеε֮ߡ
Ǵΰ͡ƥƷԶҪŻŴջȣǰǧ֮ġ䡯
ƴ嵽һأҪµʱ䣬·;أһСľͿٻزҲʵǡ
һţФһ߸Ѱ⣬˵⣬ʶʲôȻɿղ̸йоȭ飬ĪҪ֪ԺٸԵɡ
Ѱᣬ˵ͷѸоФƺһ˿޵ľ衣
ɣ
ʱһͷߴ񿥵һ߿˻˵ӵ£ͣ˴Фǰ
巭ЦФ磬ǻˡ
òϣҲǰؿ࣬ɽ͸һ⺷͵ϢΪˡ
ϸȥϢƳɳĤͣǽڳӯűըȻȷؾͨϡε
ؾǡ֮֮طֹУ֮ʱת帮֮Уͨ⣬绢ɾٶ
׵۹УɵһԱƹܰİٷ򳤴ˡ
ؾͨϡͨ֫ٺ֮ϣͨѪ
ִ˾֮Ѫ̳庮ηа̤ѩ޺ۣý⮣ҹԷҲ˥
ǰ壬ǡͨϡεǿߣţԷӶԾһʱᱬɽһǿơ
ѰҲȣǼɵԷƣǸоƫƧƴоܳһλߣʵԵúϡ档
ţСһ˭
ʱҲע⵽Ѱİף΢΢üĿо֮ɫ
λѰԺҲƴˡ
ФЦŽһ
֪Ѱһѧͽʱֻ۾ྪȡ
֪Ѱ֣ɽҵ˳溦֮Щݡ
ЩϴȻҲѧͽȻñȴҪ֪࣬ѧͽҲʦһӵĽɫ
ܹ׭ƣܰ溦ѧͽɾͲˡ
Ҳ嶯ݵԭڡ
塣
ѰǰЦż
ԺǾԼˣĪҪúŬƴܹһλʦǿҫ
ЦѰԵΪȡ
ֻѰȴ忴ԼĿУܴһ˿ӺͺɵζһӾǰӵؾΪĻ죬ӦǸǸΪ֮
ѰСǰյĿɽг󣬼˱ѺеЩͽһ¹֮˵ǰЩͽȫųȥԻĺ׵۹Уֻ»һɡ
ɴ˱֪ЩͽһԶһһ׼֮թĺĵ䷶
ѰСֶ˻Ƶĺڰг󣬶ĿȾ֮£ڲԹɫֱҲһԼĵãЩͽѧ˲ٶĵֶΡ
ʶѰţԼж϶ȻӦҲǸļƵĽɫûҲۣ˲򵥡
˼ѰȥʱȻͷһЩ֮ͬ
һϮ¾ɵƤ£ȴһ鵭ɫľʹ׹Ѱûǿ鵭ľʹ׹Ӧǡ̴ľɣֵ󣬿ɵʮ۹ҡ
˽´ŵһԻ˵ĳѥ˿ʵأѰȴһۿһԳѥɡ񡱵ƶɣ滹׭һԡơսʱ࣬绢
ۼֵһԳѥҪԶԶһ̴ľ׹֮ϣ
ȤˣһƫԶƶɽде߶ѣõ˰ı
ˣԲˣ
Ѱ˼


9 ֮
˴һڻǰǧ֮任ƷһЩؽʣչԵڴнһһһ
ܿ죬Фκ£һڴ׷׳ӿȥ
ѰҲ룬ˣŵִƴ壬ַʵҲֲ

ʮ֣Ϧա
ѰԼԺһɫ£һɫУڵһ顰ʯľ
͡
ĵ紺˿һϸ徫׼ķɣˮʯľߣѩƵľм׷䣬ϸɵĶ
Ѱָ޳񡢰𪣬һɫбţƵƵƵ裬һĿС
ѧͽԣѧϰ׭֮ǰȶɣȻ벻˫ʮָĶ
ָǷǷȶ׭ʱΪؼһ
Ͼ׭Ʋ򵥵׭һͼҪԴݺƿīŨϸԼīͼϳ̶ȡ
ΪһľơԣҪ׭Ҫ׼һ֧׭ʡһľīԼһ塣
׭ʣǹƵĹߣʦƿأݺʹ׭ʣıָ;׼
ֵһǣ׭Ҳкûֵ֮ģõ׭ʶī϶ȸߣ׭֮෴
Ѱһ֧¹۶ϵ׭ʡȼ𡱣һ֧ޱȵϡֵɹ
īǹī֭īһɸɣͬīӵŲͬĶ
ľīɡľ㡱ҶѪݺᡱʮģղͬķͱʦ¯ľ
ôī׭̡ľơ϶ȣǳɹᶼ֮ѡ
ν塱Ҫ׭̡ľơĵطһԣҲһ
԰ͼ׭һϣҲ׭ڻϣҲ׭ϣݡߡȵȵȵȡ
Ѱ׭̵ġơָ׭ʣīõɽĹǷۣ䡰塱һ̺һ˿˿ȻҲǡ
׭еġơΪ̫ǳҲ߱ԴҲֻʹһΣ޷ñ
νԴԴԴΪơṩƷʯҲҲһЩı
֮׭ƣֻҪһ֧׭ʡһīһӣʵżΪϽĲ裬ǰ򵥡
ҪΪһϸʦǾ͸ӲˣҲʦݺ͵λ֮ԭڡ
֮ǰڸ¹ʼѧϰ׭ƵʱѰΪһѧͽ
ֱҲһѧͽ֮ԻˣƾѰΪ裬Ҳֻ׭Щͼѡ
Ȼ¹֮⣬Ѱ񶼲ӴκһʦҲ޷жϣԼ׭ͼˮ׼ﵽ˺εȵز
ǰѰҲֹһεʹ¹¹ĻشԶֻһҡͷ̾Ϣ
ҡͷһַ񶨡
̾Ϣһʧ
񶨼ʧ֪ЩѰ˶ٴεĴҺѰӲٹҲϰ¹Ĵ
ִ£ѰÿһζһɺݾϵغԼϾ׭ͼˮƽϵš
ʲôԽԽ£
ˡ
ʱĺɫϦٺͣСԺеɫȾһĹ
紵ǧȣɳɳ죬׶С
ѰвɫвϷ裬ܿ͵̳һͷңݺᣬ˿񣬸ֶͷ­΢΢񷣬Ŀдѱ
¹
ľÿһطԶϸ׼ƹնɣȴһ˿ƵĺۼһֻȻһĳ׾ζ
еľѰĬã̾˿ɫУľһȥ
ȻѰӰϦ£Բ԰׵ϸֳһĨᶨ
ˣܻڻС
ţҪһֱǰ
ҹĻٵʱƴһڴԶһһȡʣзء
Ѱ֣ȻȡʣЩüȴ޶ϲã˶һüͷģ
ػһԶԶشӴõķ
ѰܹƺǴ峤Фκͻܿ죬һͳȥ
ҹɫԽԽʱһ󼱴ٵӴ𣬽ʧڴߣʧããҹɫɽС
ҹɫ뿪ˡ
ѰĬĬ˼һ󣬾תԼУһʱͻȻŰݷá
飡
ܴ׵ҹɫԵЩ̶ҲԵúֱܴ


10 ս
Ѱüͷһ壬뻹߳ţͥԺš
һӣĿ֮䣬â˸͸һɻζ
ѰǵãǸһ𷵻شеһֻӦѾ뿪Ϊν
ҹͻȻǰǳںĿģ
ҽ³Ǵл˴ǰҪ㡣
ƳѰһۣڣ͸һɲɵζ
ԭ³磬һˣ
ѰЦ˵
СѧκʱȻЦݣǶԼأҲöԷʶطɾ衣
Ѿ뿪ˣĲ´аȫտӣʲôӰ˵˻ˡ
³˵ţѰͬ⣬ֱһͥԺУ̬ԵüΪǿӲ
ѰЦЦĻһеġӰ֮ˡԾԼ
ֻǣ³˴ǰָʹԼҪôģ
Ѱһ˼⣬һЦǰǲ֪³ǰҪѯ£
˵ţ³һ
³־ܾԺ̸ɣҿû˼̫á
ѰͷҲá
³üȻ֣ԼٵԺУǰʮ꾹Ǳֵó򶨣ҲһֱһĨЦݣ·ᾪƵġ
Խ³ֿ͸ˣԷһʮ꣬³вˡ
³ֱӿڣúѣǺ㣬ʲôǰƴΪ˴ﵽʲôĿģ
ѰЦЦԶĵУǰƴĿģҲܼ򵥣˳·ѡ
˳·
³ԣ۾һɣСһǰˣͷʵɱҲˣ
꣡
ǽڷһӿһɱ֮һͷŭޣΪˡ
ʮѰֻ꣬ѱסԹˡ
Ѱȴƺ޷ӦֻЦݣü³磬ԾʵɴӲѣ´峤Ҳ֪ģ㲻Ŵȥѯһ
³һ꾹һ¿ˮ̵ģɫФƥŪңΪһͷܻ㣿
ƥͷ
ͳ仰Ѱ׶϶³ͲФοС
һ뵽⣬ѰȻЦˣ³ӣģ
ô
³ʶؿڣ˵һѹ͵һĨɱͻȻһƳѰͷץȥ
Ķ㳢үֶΣǲ֪үˣ
һץͻƲӥã˵һ׼ݣһʵˣֻ·ǰѰץ鲻ɡ
Ѱһż棬ٿˣݱܿȻһأԴһ˿Ц⣬ֻЦȴԵЩ䡣
ҵĵǸеЩ⵹ȤˣĪڳıƻʲôıײˣԾ̽̽ҵĵϸ
³һСĿ˶
С˵
³һͺȣ͵رΪȭ֫һšŲ磬ȭ籼ףХХ
оȭǧ
һǺЩͯĲͬЮһȻѸ͵ȭ죬԰ǧʯһȭ飬ͽ˺
ܹ쵽һ³ӵؾ׳εΪ
ȴѰӰݰһתƮƮͱܿ͵һ
ţ
³ԼιԷܿʱҲʶǰʮ꿴ǽһѧͽǰ򵥡
СȻ˲ֶΣ˵û˴ǰƴ壬ȻĻ̥
³ɱӰһݣٶɱȥ
һ̣ɱУоȭǧжסХɽ֡Ὥ¡ԭŭɽѪսʮ
飡飡飡
ȭɳѪս꽻׺֮ɢԵÿ֮
Ȼ³αϮͻɱȴѰ½Ƕ˵˺Ѱˡ
ֻѰӰ˿ýݣŲ˸Ѹݣֻһζܣȴ֮յرܿԷɱУԵΪ˼顣
һʱ֮䣬ӰϽѰ䲻ˣԭɵøɾԺ顢ɡĿǽ塣
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ͬʱˡ
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11 ȥ
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ȭ̫ȣԭȼյҰǵأ
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³ͷһ
顫
ߵȭͷѾײһ𣬿Ƶı̶ļХȻɢ
ŵŵţ
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ʱƴȫһش
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ղһȻɹ³ȴѰһ⵹ʲôؼڣѰױڵıԴô֮ͳܲס̫ҵת
оȭȻǵ۹һΪĻȭҲص˹·ߡ
ȭ󿪴ϣ籼ף磬ʩչʱҪȫתѨ֮ڣָ֮䡣
̫ܲסҵ˹š
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վǽͥԺУѰһһսʼĩ˼
ǴлˣԲӭԼĵΪʲôҪô
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ѰҿԽ𣿡峤Фε
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ѰüФҳէԴ˽⣬ͻȻ飬ʵЩ⣬ָ֪ܷһ
ФθͥԺУصսǽ壬ɫӿһĨɫð˵Ҳû뵽徹Ȼᳯһº֣˿ѾҪͶˡ
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ѰţҲ죬֪Բ˼򵥡
ȻФκܿͽ𰸣һĺӣҪ̸ףÿյĿһʲСĲƸΪԼͿʼ˴ע⡣
Ҳ֪Ϊл죬ȫȨʹеȥһʣǰЩ꣬ƴÿһζһʶ൱ڵ۹öͭҵļֵɽЩһȴˣкüζֶ顣
Ф˵⣬ѴһĨŭ⣬Ϊе⣬˽һЩﵹҲˣҶ⣬ȴ䱾ͻԽԽ٣Ѿʼвд⣬̫ˣ
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ФκȻ̾˿ҲѹΣһЩ㲻Ҫ̫ѿֻҪв⣬Ҳȥ棬ϧѾƸɱٻزˡ
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ФεͷһصǽЩٵģѾӰ˴ڽҳ¶ʡԼòܶɹѹˡ
ϵɫ䣬ѴһĨߺʹġ
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Фָоһڰıʲôƴ岻飬óˣдֻ¶Ҫǣ
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Ф̲סʵ
Ѿ֪ЩȻӦķֻҪɱңһһǸ޷ܵĴۡ
ѰڵĿ峺ƽأ԰һĨЦ⣬ɻȴ͸һ˲ĺ塣
Ѱ޺£ųĹҲǰյĿɽǿĻ
¹̸ֶκһŲ֮ģһůЩɽͽѰʶʲôĺڰͲпᡣ
ФЩѰã˵Ĳһʮˡ
ѰЦʼҽֻʮꡣ
Фλ˻֣ЩѰѾ֪˴еǷҪҪĻζпܻܶΣա
ѰԥΪʲô׵۹һܾ֮أû׼ǰһĿĵ֮ǰҲȥ
Фμˣٶ˵Ѱ򣬵ͬ˲һҲȰʲôȻ£ƴһԱϹͷȻûͣҲᾡ㡣
˵ţФתȥ
ѰĿλ뿪òųһ૵£ɲѰԸ񡭡
һѰûǰǹһںڰг˼ãŴİǹ⣬һδһ¾ľ䡣
ȻѰһһ֧صġɫ׭ʡһǰϣһΣ
һ³Ѱ֮ʹæ뿪ƴ壬ʮ֮һСɽϡ


12 ƽر
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Ϊ׵һϣɺ磬Ŀ絶ƴ廤塣
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磬СӼ֣һС³һĨɫһŨŨĲʡ
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˶٣ֵȻ֪СֻôΪѾֵȥע
磬ǳô˻ɱСФһ³ĵѰУΪܣȻľʹ뿪ˡ
ٻһʱ䣬Ҫȳ䣬ռһϯ֮أһǾǰƴ峹ˣԺҲܾӵĵط
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Ѱ֮ǰ֪ԼʱԭӵһޱȵġԴΪ̫Ԩ񷡱һһ콾Ѫ
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Ψһֵҵǣ¹µһһʣѰǽڰһƬ·ͶһĨϣ⡣
ϣһҩһطһдС޷ı䡰ԴµĴˡ
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һҳûֻ֣һͼҲѰΪϤġľơ
ʱѰͿʼ¹ĽġϰһͼеĹ;ģȫ

Ѱ룬ַڶҳϱͬûֻ֣һͼͬѰϤġ̽ơ

ѰԲţһҳҳȥȴÿһҳ϶һͼÿһͼϤԶСͿʼӴϰģӡڹ۶׭̳
ôѵ¹ԵܣͲЩͼУ
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ЩͼһЩƷ׼ߵĴڣǵҲѰеһЩͬѰ֮
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һӡϢĹݼǻͼΨһҳϻһҶܵġͼԵЩѰˡ
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ҪƽеܣҪ֣
һɻӿѰͷ
ѰΪ龫ǣ˼ʱĿⲻһƳȻע⵽һҳɫǰЩҳȫֳͬһ֮ɫ
𣬶ŵƹһգһҲ֪ʲôƳɵıֽҳϣʱֳһЩ֮ǰѰȫûע⵽Ķ
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һ䰵Ѫɫӡ
ںܾ֮ǰȾѪָһҳϡΣʱ̫õԵʣЩѪӡԶð߲
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⣬ѰȻһ󵨵뷨ѵںܾ֮ǰһصͬʱڵĲͬ߻ùΪ˽⿪еܣþ˰취ȴԶ޽չճѪΪͼõеĴ𰸣
뵽⣬Ѱҧָ⣬һξѪһҳصֽϡ



13 ֮
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ˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ѱֻǰһ㱣һС
ɽ续һ۾ӰȻɽۣ֮˫ָڤ֮ϡ
ɽХǷ˿еֱҪ˷ȥ
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ˡ
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һǿյĴԨɲתͷųĿɲΧ˺Ť飬ޱȡ
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·񽫣Ϊ;ȻҲˣôֱʣ
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¹϶ҲЩ¹ȻܻΪʲôҲܣ
뵽⣬ѰͻȻΪʲôԼֳ֡״̬ˣһжԴԼΪ̫Ҳ̫
ʵҲѰƲǰ㣬Уÿһһһ֮ˣԶǵһһǿڣȻס
ڿһĻĻʱȻԼ̫ܵӰ졣
Ѱֻͬһؾ׳ε꣬ھѨɬһ޷Ĩȥ˺ۣĿһĻĻʱܵ𺳺ͳ֪ж
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ԼղһĻĻ棬òһͼİɣ
ѰҲԼôˣԼѱȴɱһͼǣš
һͼһԼȫ˽Ĳȱƣô˭Ƴģ
ѰԺһɽ֮۵۾ӰĿһһ֧ɫ׭ϡ
һͼʱǷõһ֧׭ʣ
Ҳ֪ѪһѰ̧ץһ֧׭ʣһǿµʹܣ̧ʷ棬һͼϡ
ʷУ޹⣬ֳҺ֮ɫǡͼʱûвκֵעĵط
Ѱ΢΢ЩʧʱͫȴȻһȴԼҳϵѪգ˿̾䶯Ϣرеһұʷ漳ȡ
ϣ
һƲԨеı֮Ȼʡ
Ѱֻһͱһ޷ֿס޷
ŵһ֧ɫ׭ʣ˿˹ضɬĹǣԼָʼһͼд


14 ѪɫŻ
ɫʷ汥պѰ֮Ѫ飬ǡͼĲȱ֮ʼ
ͣ
һڱʷ֮ʣ߱ڣˮкأʺ͸ӯϡ
һϵķһӡһҳĹͼԼһ֧ӳѹİ׭ʣͬһļµĻ档
Ѱ۾һĻȴȥʲô
类ƣ׭ʵȫʹǡͼϹա
Ѱǵһ˹飬в𺳡
ܹжϳһеԭƺԼղſȳһѪйء
ΪһѪһ֧׭ʴӳѣҲһͼòǰ򵥡
ʱ˿̳ǰĻ棬һֻδڲٿһУԹΪѪΪī׭ΪڲһŲȱܶҵġͼ
ǵȲ˼龰ѰԼ۾
ڸղţΪһԼпȥ˭뵽Ϊ֮һٶᴥصı仯
һζʲô
ѰףȻоѪҺһɴǣӿԼơ
˿̱е֧ɫ׭Ȼͷųһ֮͸Ƽ伡ϼȡѰѪ
顫
ѰܹԼѪˮӿһ֧ɫ׭С

ѰнƣѪҺĲţֻӿĽȣֹò˶ãͻʧѪ࣬е
ѰɾǸ޷һ˿֧׭粻ɺɽϼȡѪȻʷ棬ǡͼдһĹ켣
ѰɫԽԽ԰ף촽࣬ʧȥ͸һ˥ܵļ
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ѰпɬΪ¹µһһʣܹ˭뵽ͷһȴȻҪ
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պܰ
ѰѷκɫԽԽ԰ףϢԽԽ˥ʶҲԽԽģ
ֹһУֻеˡ
ֻѰû뵽Լյִ׵۹ƴ㣬׼ŬУӰȴѿʼ١

ĪģѰ˸ղһĻĻ棬Ժз·һλص۾Ӱһ̾ʱң
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ҹǻԴӴǰкԶȺɽãã塣
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ȻһɲǣⲿͻΪһĨ⣬ӿʧȥʶѰڣʧ
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ȻһعʧͬʱҹȻһȦ˰Ļвɢ
һɲǣǳܾ͵һһţָϸ۲죬ͷֲһĻ

ͬҹ׵۹
۶֮߾ǧŰٳߵĹ̨ۣ֮ҹݣХǵ۶ߵĽ︩Խ۶⾡۵ס
ʱҹɫһλ۵߶ڹ̨ϣ׷Բԣͣ·һ綼ܰߡ
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˵λ롱Ѿ˺ܾúܾãڿ۸յǻʱ˱Ѿ⡰̨Ψһˡ
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ֻǽȴûǰڤ룬Ҳûȥ󣬾ôǰԶǱҹɫµķ쳾ĬԵЩ
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ãƸӦʲôȻ̧ͷӿŲɣϢһĨĹңң˼Զҹա
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ΪΣ֮󲻼ˣѵϷݴˣ
У˰׷ƮҷְݺĲϺķһĨء
֪϶ʲôֻƾԼȴû취۲
˷Щ꼸ûз
ϣһλ룡׵۹ҶþηֵĴڣ
һ붼ԿŵⱾ嶼㹻ˡ
˼ã˺Ȼ̾һת˹̨
ϣһԹ̨롱ķگһʱͽ˹鷿ϢĵҲ
گдٵ۹ϱǧɽ֮أĪ⣬Ϸ֮޷أоر֣½Դ
ر
롱Ҳû뵽Ϊõĸ֣õ۹ϱһӽ˵۶߲ҰУӶԺһСķ粨

ѰǱһ󼦽ѵģ۾һ̣ʶһ㱡
û
Ѱ̧ſϵע⵽ʱһĨӴͶĹ⡣
ȷû
ѰһصϢڸȷԼúõĻš
æһԼѪʢͨȻûһ˿˵ĺۼ·ҹһоһζѡ
Ѱ֪ԲΣ
ǵãԼڲţѪҺܿƣǰ׭ʲϼȡȵȣ
֧׭أ
ѰȻס˿ܣֲֹ֧׭ʣǲ֪١
ѰһæѰң¹µıԼжʧ
ֱѷ㷭һ飬ҲûҳѰüͷ壬ˡ
ѵ˳ҹɫ͵ǣ
ѰЩȷҲڴʱȻע⵽ԼǿյʶУһŻ
ǵȷһţͨʺ͸ƴѪˮнݶŻ׭һܸ֮ͼ
ϸȥͼçİĹϲãϢֻͼѰԼԼһʶϤо
һӡһҳϵġͼ
͵أѰһŻ׭̵ͼȻԼһͼżơ
ֻ֮ȣһŻϵġͼѲٲȱֳһܶʼԲ֮С
һŻ;ڿյʶУ˵ء
ѰɫһӱùвƵðһͷѵ׭ʵʧһͻȻðŻй


15 Ѩ
һϵһ׭ʲˣԺȴһصѪɫŻ
ѰԼоЩ˼ѵ¹˵ľܣ
һжģôһȳԼԺеѪɫŻͳԼϣڣ
ѰһŬԼ侲Ժзɿһʼĩ
صɫ׭ʡ
Ѱûв´һʣӦþһλһ֮¡ڤ֮š۾Ӱµı
۾Ӱʱҡĳ̾翸һͭƮȻȥһʾͱӡһͭڣ֪ΪԵʣ䡣
УвٴĴﶼùһԱҲͼƽеİأնδԸЩӡһҳϵѪɫӡ֤
¹Ҳͬûваء
ȻһԱ뵽ԼС
뵽⣬ѰͻȻüͷһ壬ʶһ⣬òΪԼһϵоٶײ֮£һԱвŵܰɣ
һ뻹ֿܣʱԼţܿƣ֧ɫ׭ȴ·ӳԼľѪΪīһҳġͼϲϹ׭д
ѰǡͼǲȱģԼԺһŻ棬ͬ׭ŷܸӡػɬ֮ͼǡͼһޡ
ΨһĲͬڣŻ׭̵ͼԲģ
ǷζţԼ֮ǰɫ׭ʽͼ޸֮󣬴Ӷĳֱ仯Ӷһ׭һΪһŻԼʶУ
ѰԼԼоԼƲǺģֻԼҲȷһ㡣
˵֪һеĻȻѰϽ֮߼ɲһѰʮܹӵеǻۣ
Ҫȷ𰸣ҪһȳԼԺеѪɫŻôˡ
ѰɶԲ԰׵Ͼ˼֮ɫ
ѰС磬ûУ
ʱͥԺһѰӳ˼оѹҡҡͷʱ֮Ժ󣬾˳ȥ
СԺȺһλѰϵöԷӦֲĶȡ
ԭӦ磬õˡѰֵӦҵ溦ˡ
ٺ٣ҲС㻹ûԷɣߣҼȥӦ
ǻȥиɻȻٳҲС
ѰЦЦͷ蹤ߣӦһ뿪

ƴ忪ѳܹʮĶдӵУгֲȣ˳һԳΡ
νȣ̺һ˿˿ʳһֲɻȱƷ
֪о类䡱麣족֡󾳽硣
֮˶ԣûͻơ֮ǰԶҪȡһƷάϵ衣
ʳȵߣһԸʣǿ׳
ͨ׶ԣʵġʳƼֵ󣬵ȴɻȱ
ƴе߲࣬ڣŽֻо˶ѣҪȲ࣬ԴʮĶջȣһ󲿷ֶΪԴһʡ
죬һֽԾƵ⣬ƴһ㾲ס
ԶȺɽãã͵֣һͷ
ò˵ƴȷ̫ƫƧˣλšǧɽǵ֮ءƺŵɽҰ֮ڣֱ绯㡣
׵۹ϱɽ֮УôһС䡣
ڵִӦӵе֮ѰóЯĲɫкһɽǣ߽
ӦվǰЩŵصȴš
ãûѰѾ˳һУ׭һơ̫֮⣬г溦ɨһա
һĻӦֵͺϲ£ڸѰشе·һֱ߶ŸмĻ
ֻȻûз֣Ѱз֮ɫͱ΢΢Щ죬ƾϲ
ôУ
ѰૣʱڣһžѨתܶʼûʲô
ֻϸȥͻ֣ᷢתǻ֮ġᡱǡϹáĴѨʱЩͻữΪ֮״һµתʽ
ĴѨλ֮϶γһرֱľȫֲ˵ĴѨλġϣ϶£ǡý֮ס
ʶУ⡰ᡱǡϹáѨֲһؾֽ
ĴѨͱѨ
Ѱ޵߶ԣ⡰Ѩ̸жҪԵúͨԶԶȲͷٻѨǰͥѨѨҪôҪ
Ѱԣ⡰ѨȴżΪ壬ΪӵʱġԴԭͲ⡰Ѩ֮У
ԴӡԴߣѰڵġѨɬޱȣÿʱֻҪתͻüɬ·һ
Ҫǣ⡰ѨֹɬҼΪѰҲʱǿӲһﾭѣ֮ҲǣۣĻ֪ء
һУҲǡԴ֮Ѱһ˺ۣһ޷Ĩȥ
״һֱѰʮ꣬ϰһУֻǽ״ȴµı仯
֮ǰаӦ溦ʱѰͷЩԾʱָΪ׭ʡɽĹǷΪī׭̡ơնʱͷתڵִѨʱһֶصȫ±仯
ǰǰɬӣڽ롰ѨʱȻΪһУתһ֮󣬾ͻָԭ״šѭ롰ѨʱһηתһȦ
ܶʼֱѭġϹѨѨŻָɴǰģ
ѭķʽ̫أѰǰδȫ±仯
Ǹо·ԼġѨϣĸԨУ֮󣬾ͻתһȦȻֽһУѭֱӡѨ뿪Żָԭ
ʱֱ仯Ѱ͵һ𣬻ΪԼϳʲôأãȷֱ仯ԼûʲôʱѰİ
ڵʱѰ׭̡ơĽҪͷҲ˲˼ģֱ˳溦ڴʱشе·ϣѰŽȫ˼ϱߡ
У⾿ôγɵģ
Ѱ˼ã͵ԺһһиòԺиֳһŻйذɣ
пܣ
һصѪɫŻڽ糿ʱԼԺУֲãԼѭ롰ѨʱͲȫµĶطʽԲɺˡ
¹˵ƽܣͿѵһѾʼô
һ뵽⣬ѰӿһĨ޷Ƶļ
Ѿȴһ̫ˣ


16 ǽ
ѰŻָƽһһǿҵĳ嶯ϻؼУȥúоԺеŻ
ѰֻҪƽŻеİأ˳ϣҳѨԭ
뵽⣬Ѱӿ첽
ȻշƴУһĿ޺ԶԶش
Сӣ
Ӧɫ䣬ʧ
СӣӦž꣬ԼҶӵĿ޺Ӧ
Ƿʲô
Ӧ˲𼱻ǳ˹ȥ
ѰһҲŹȥ
һƽչĿأڴһЩͯԵʣͳ˴еġ䳡
ʱչ峿кͯһۼڴ峤Фεļල¿̿䡣
ֻǽȴͬһȺСһǣɫɷףĿһ˿֡
ǰԶ³ӶһޣݺݳϵһͯǺͯ·ѣ¶ļƤ⿪ϲҽС
ԱһںͯԱˣûѪȲҵĳ档
Ѳ£ǵϰĺͯӦĶӡӦ
ס֣Ҫʲô
ӦһĻʱʱŭڣƵĳ
ӦеĶ磬񾹱ģӦ⵱׵޶ԡ
ž
³ɨӦһۣгһ趯ݺݳӦϣ֮ӦͨһĶڵϣǻһı޺ۡ
³Ҫʲô
ӦŭȴǲðȻǰֻһͨˣĿ³֣
ʲôΪлȻ縺ָкָͯ𣬿СӽʱǵҽڵĶһ̻壬ӵоԵط
³Ц˵ʱһӳڵϵġӦϣǱֱӦڣвҽвѣɳơ
ס֣ȥСӴģ
ӦĿѣ۾ˡ
һںͯҲĿãٶŵñ۾
ҲãúýѵӣԺֻ»ǳ鷳
³ɫĮ𳤱ޣݺ¡
һ㾳ߣ֮ŷִ磬ôȥǡӦ㲻Ҳ˽ǣ˵ʲôм
ˢ
գ
Ӧ͵شһҲ˲ʲôȥӦȻ֪Լ³ֻ֣ԼӲֳͷ
ֻǺݺݳµĳڰУͱһֻץסӦҲܿ˱̢ʹࡣ
Ӧ̧ͷͿ֪ʱѰǰƾһֻƾͽǳ߬ס
ô˻ᣬӦһѱסϵӦͶܵԱߡ
С㣡
³һѰɫͳȥĿԹɲѰһȭܵĳ衣
Ҳϻ³һ󣬳͵Ѱƣڰһ˦žһͷѰš
һûпƣӿֻӿգţصƿ֮ʹĤ
죡ݣ׼
ԴѰ֣³ֱӶ֣Եƥ
Ȼ죬Ѱ죬ֻϵһһĨâһţӭĳѱһնϡ
飡
ͬʱѰݲǰţ̩ɽѹݺ³ҵܿƵصɳȥݺݵ棬ˤûͷǱ֮

³÷ζըѣһսмΪʣΪԴűԷ֡
ʶθһѰɶȫ˭Էǰѵ֮һ˲Ƶĳޣһֲŵһз
˿̵³ʹ㶼ϵҲ˲ô࣬Ҫս
ɽһɲǣͽסٲŲһ˿
һĨɫڲǰǷĵâ̼òһ㼦Ƥ
³ѰɱԼȴðգֻ۾ԹضѰҧС־ɱң
ԱߵӦסˣЩͯҲסˣԶûԤϵŸոƴ꣬Ȼһգۼͽޱȵ³ܵ
Ҫ֪³ߣӵؾ׳εΪ
ƴУ³ˣѾͨ룬ǲĴڡ
³ȴˣ
һ˲һʮУ
ճţΨ³صĴϢ
ѰȷɱģһּΪڰпĻг󣬼ΪԴʱԲһ˿ʴȡ
գסˣ³ߣɹףϾҲƴеһԱԼ¸ƴ弸죬ðȻɱֻ»ܵȫĵִˡ
ѰɫУǺȻһĨЦ⣬һѽ³ǸȻ³磬ղŶеˣҲǳںģ̼СƤ֮࣬ʶֹ¡
³һ㶣ǰǹָԼǸ꣬ƺЩӦһߣҧǰʣӵţ
˵ţȥ
Ѱ۾³ӰʧĿӹһĨ⣬һš
ѰС磬οɶ㡣
Ӧæǰм˵
Ѱס̾˿ЦûʲôֻҲû뵽³֮ݣֹףȴƺѾҺˡ
ӦȻѰС磬ղŵľٶҶУ³ҸȥǸҹȥ
һںͯȻûгͣҲղһпУֻҪǲ˵ٻ;ԲѰˡ
ѰЦȱ˵ЩϽСӿƣΣĪҪʲô֢ˡ
ӦϵʱһĨɫҲ˲Ѱ֮󣬾ʹűһϢӦҴҶȥ
Ѱȴδ뿪ԭ˼
Ȼûô峤ФξͳˣƺѾ˽һЩԵɣֱӳѰ˵㣬ϡ
ѰЦűȭФ仰ͷˡ

Фԥһ£ѹ˵ҪСһЩҹ뿪ʱǮҲˣǮؾʵ³һȣ㲻ʲô
Ǯ棿
ѰĬĬ׽һС
ӵؾ׳εΪҲֻѹס³ֻɫǺؾεǮԿɾЩвˡ
뵽⣬Ѱвһ̾ףԼ̫ˡ
ȻڣǾƲῴġФѰ򣬰ο
ѰЦЦһתФ˵һ䣬ȻǮ桢³֤֮ڣһӦòٷԲŻᰲ¼ش״
˶٣Ѱǹʱ䣬һ˷ʱ¾͡
û˵꣬ФȴһˣסƤһ𾪲ѣСһö۹⣬Ȼƾһ仰ܿôණеЩ˼顣
ѵִ˵Сǽţ



17 ֮ͨ
ѰФε̬ѲͣЩˡ
һʮ꣬ȴܹ֮Ϊ棬ɨеĻƾһ㣬㹻˶ݺء
ͨ⼸ĽӴФŷ֣꣬ųͬǺ
ܹԼһ仰УƶϳණͲѰܹ쵽ġ
ټѰսҲΪףõФζе˼ˣҲȷѰעˡ
ĬĬ˼Ƭ̣Ф̾Ϣ˵ĲǻʱƴȻһ粨ɣʶһʱڣһǰһЩ׼
˵ѴһĨȻ
ѰˣҲٶ˵ָǡ
ڴʱԱһͯȴȻڣ峤³ˣ컹𣿡
Фһа³˴Ļָ䡣
ȻǰЩѰ˵ЩͯġоȭЩ©֮ǿǵҲûʲôȴԺк档
뵽⣬ФĿ⿴ѰԥƬ̣ջ˵Ѱ㿴ܷÿһЩʱ䣬æָһЩ䣿
ৣ
ԱһںͯĿⶼˢˢѰ۵Сϴź棬Ҳһ˿ڴ
ǸղſۿѰһգۼͻ³ǵȳҲǶе𺳲ѡ
߰СĺӣȻ֪ʲôȴֱܹ˭ǿ˭
ȻѰܹ³ȻѰһЩ
ټЩͯĿӦ֮жΪ³Ͳûһϰʦء
ѰĿһɨˣͿЦФεҲֻǸ̤Уѧǳʸȥ䵱ʦ
һתֻǽоȭҵǿ԰һЩæ
ФδЦ˱㹻ˣҲװ࣬ԺһʣҲѰһݣ
ЩͯѰӦҲһ󻶺Ѱʮ꣬Ҳ˼꣬ټʵǿõЩͯԶΪڴѰС
ѰЦЦȻФһ;ȵѴڵĳ溦ɾѰ䵱еġϰʦרְָкͯС
ûٵ飬ѰҴҷңأԼǹԺеһŻҪ̽аء

ƴԭͲ󣬵Ѱؼʱд֪˽췢ڡ䳡е顣
һʱ֮䣬ԶЩŭо³ֺ̫ݣѰӦҵġСӡǱ򻵲ɡ
ͬʱҲѰһµ֪֪ѰһѧͽݣʵΪ˵ã³ҲǶ֡
õôҲ治ѡ
Ψ³ȵĲʺͷŭֱѰ޵˹˿ڼкƾơ
³棬һĻӣƤڣȴӥ
˱Ǯ棬ǴʵǿߣӵؾεΪΪ壬ֶκ
һͰĳնϣɼǰѵӦҲһǮ
³ĳޡˮļǴϰ˿ƶɣ䲻ʲôȴ쳣ͣѰԽ俳ϡ
ɴ˾жϣѰ֮Ȼ֮ͨ
ҵȻ֪Ǵ̫֮ܳôһ
³ȻһղĿ֮ܵʧܣоһѻֱ
һСС꣬ǵ׭֮һӵؾΪһѱʵЩŹ֡
ǮüɴСһ
³ҡͷФͷ˵СԼƴģ˭Ҳ֪
ǮЦ˵Ҳţ
³һҧ˵Ф϶С
ǮЦ
³ŭɫ϶û뵽Ҹı
Ǯ۾еĶߣҪǻʱٽ϶Ҳ٣֮ǣȰѰСӸĨˡ
³һ񣺡͵仰أӲȷһǱػʱ֣
Ǯ˹һƣڻ˺Ф˺棬ԷǽҪɱѰҲֻһʱС
³üǾҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
ǮЦ㻹ǵôӼҵһƬ𣿡
³˼ȻǵãھӶʮ֮ɽ±ߣһɽ
Ǯͷ˽⣬ѰͻһǰƬæ溦
³ʱˣϲ˵Ҫ춯֣
ǮЦѵһû᣿ʱȰȻҳ֣һɱ˴ӣֱӰʬ嶪ɽµķڣʱ˭֪ǸɵģФҲԱʾʲôҲ֪
³ЦǾٵ죬֮ҪְСʬúðһ

УѰһأϥ˹Ϣֱһ˿ŽʶͶԺһѪɫŻϡ
䣡
һ˲Ѱֻһ׻㣬ʶģ·Լ
ѰѹʱŷԼһƬİĿռУһƬڣž·оʱš
ڽ£һֱĴֱͨԶ˴·ƻ۶ɣԵ֮
ƴͷһѪɫŻ
Ż·𿪱֮Уʮɣͨ죬·ոմѪд̳ͨŻĿġ
İĿռ䡢ֱƴԼһеѪɫŻ
һʵԻ
ѰԼŬ侲ʶƴͷѪɫŻȻԼԺгֵһŻһģһһޡ
ԼԼأѰѾжϳԼ֮ԳԺֵһŻȻĪϵ
ô˵־ʲôܣ
ǷܹԼķ
Ѱ˼ãҡҡͷ̧ҪߵһѪɫŻǰһ̽
ֻŲһ˵һ첨ӽµƴɢ
ǲ˻ɬѰɨʧ
Ѱǰһ֮أȻӿһĻĻԲӨӨ⣬Ļڸһءͼ
Ѱһʱǰ̧۳ǹĻпȥ
Ҳڴʱһ䣬޸һƬ
֮ͨšͨƾعء֮顣
ƵһΪ񡯣˹ؿɻ֮Сڤ
ߣǷҪأ
졢տյ֪õѰһѹ
֮ͨšƾعءСڤ񷨡
ѵ¹Եġܡ
ѰмΪԼΡ



18 Сڤ
ǲ
侲֮Ѱһֱ˼⣬һжԣδ֪ġ
š֮ƵƴһвķգǴʧˣֻĺ
ȴֻҪȥܻһСڤţҾƴͷѪɫŻҲǡ֮ͨšһ

ʱҲû˸ѰôֻпԼѡ
ȵȣ
ѰͻȻû˵ĻǸղŵǴ﷢ģ
ǰ˹أҪЩʲô׼
ѰȻ̧ͷңңܹȻ֪˭ɴʱˣŵ̬ȥʲõ̬ȡ
ȻѰȴãȴӦΨǰһ֮صһĻأھӨӨ⡣
ҲֻԼˡ
Ѱ̾ϢĿȴһĨȻһհǰ˺ԥˡ
ȻԵͰǰһɾģ

Ѱ³һ֡
һѶţһһٶ𣺡ؿʼաơ㴳سɹ
ƣ
ȻǿԼ׭ƵֶΣ
ѰɻʱǰһĻȻһĨ·ӳѹ
ѰͿһܡӡɬͼڹĻӳ֣ÿһƶ⣬ۻҡ
ѰĿһӱ鲻Խǰרע
ӺСʱѰ͸¹ߣĿȾ֮£֮Ϊ˽⡣
νƣֽͼÿһͼԷӳͬúܡ
СĲͬƱ˻ƺ͸߼֡
ƣǵһͼơľơƵȵȡ
߼ƣֱͼɲͬĻ϶ɡ
һѶԣʦϲѻƺ͸߼ƽͼͼ󡱡
ֽзҲѧͽʦĵȼйϵ
нУܹʮֻͼԽѧͽʮֻͼģԽнѧͽһ֣Գ߽ѧͽ
ܹɳһͼ󡱵ģԱΪһϸġʦˡ
ȻѰЩְƻֲȴԸֻ䣬ġ
ڸ¹Щ꣬Ѱÿ벻ѧϰ׭ƣԼյͼǧ֮࣡
ЩǻƣƽѰΪҲֻ׭̻ơ
ɼˣнеʦ֪ѰʮǧֻƵ׭ֻ̣·Ǿ°Ͳɡ
ϾܹһֻƵ׭̣ԱΪ߼ѧͽˡ
˶ԱȣһӾܿѰڻһϵķǷ衣
ֻźǣ¹ûи߹ѰЩÿεѰʱҲܻܵ¹ķ񶨡
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ȻѰҲ֮࣬Ǻ̺ʤԼ˽ģòڡ
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֮䣬Ѱ·𿴼һӺҹлеİе貣еĳƥеĶ𡭡
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19 
Ѱо̾ʱһĿնٶ𡪡
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ƴһص֣˵ǶƵƿغ裬ѰѾ˳˹أˡСڤĴС
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ʱѰûüӦ͸оǰһڣһʶһޱߵĺڰ

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һһ֧׭һĻĻ棬Ѱŵǰһս
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֮󣬹Ͱ׭ʧˣѰԺȴһ֮ͨš
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ǡѨϳĸСӶһٸıѰ޷⣬ԴµĴˣӴ޷Ѱ;Ĳ
ȻѰ롰ͨؾš֮Ƶƴһأӡơл˴ССڤ
ѰӡͨؾзʱҲ类ϴһ飬һȫµɱ䣬ǿ
һеһУˣ˲˼顣
Ѱһٲ˼飬Ҳǰ¹ͣ
ұԴļһžԲ뵽ǸӤŰɣ
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¹˵ǸԴĳ˾׵۹
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20 ֮
ѰԭСڤɻж͹
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ֱʱŷɫѾȫһûԶȷܲˡ
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Ѱ˿ʶľǡѭ֮󣬵ܹ֮ʶһƬҹеǳǻգųƵǡѭԲˡ
ҹɫž¸գԶɽԡУޱȡ
УѰϥ𣬾룬Բ԰׵һƬ񾲳֮ɫ

ʱ䲻֪ţܿһҹʱ͹ȥɢīҹɫΪĵĹ⡣
ȸ䣬µһˣѰӴ´ֻȣѪͨ˵ˬ
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ʶǿףѰҲû뵽һҹѣȡԵЧɼ⡾СڤǺεȲˡ
ߵͥԺУѰչʼоȭֱѪУð֣ͣñľˮϴһֻͨ⣬껹ԶȻʢ·ʹһ㡣
ܿ죬Ѱھͱһ糱ˮļг⣬Цǿ˵ȷֵûϲ֮ģԼķҲǷϹȻûʮȫʮ顣
ҲѰᶨʱȥɽһˣƾĲ޷ӡ
ԹѰ㾶ֱţǰҼȥռƻҪҼҵ溦
ѰִҼʱǡÿұųʹ߳
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ɽһЩѪҩ˳ԡڴһ䡣
ע⵽ʻѰʱһĶͷеôˣҪѰСһȥء
ԣ
ϵ»ɣ
ѰǷһĨЦ⡣


21 ջ
ƴ⣬һǿ׳ĴҴ£ԶççȺɽȥ
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ִҪѰҲʲôҲ˵Ѱ³飬ۼսѰǱЩǿ̫ˡ
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Ҳ׷׵ͷѰĿѴһĨ壬һʮ꣬ܶնɱһͷѩ߱ǲġ
ѰЦЦǻǸϽѩ߱мֵĶߣѪ̫أò˶ãͻ޵Ŀš
ҵҲɣһֽѩ߱Ƥ⡢ǡһһʽ⿪ȻһСȲݡ˶ҶӰЩסŽƤС
ȲζǺǣѹסѪ֮һܱⱻѪȸ
ûãѰһٶǰС
˸ղŵһϮǽԶýҲٲߢʼרǰС
Ѱһǰֻ۹ѾһЩֵģѾȥߢ
ҪǣһЯƤޣҲװ̫ģҲֻһûôġ
ĬǰãҺȻüЩԾƬɭУ˵Ҳ߰˴Ұ޵Ϯһγһͷѩ߱ʲôҲûǼ˹ˡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷȷԵЩѰ
ʱѰƺʲôӿŲǰʮ֮һ߶㡣
ܿ죬Ѱʹƺ֮ǰ
ҵæϹȥʱͿǴ󷽵ĵϣһͷ棬īɫƬʬ壡



22 Ҿ
ᣡ
һϳǵȥޣһͷµĳޡ
˶Ļ֣żΪϸı׼Ұޡޡ֡
BһģֻҰޣԣѰ˱Խɱ
ָҰţһԲɱ̤·ߡ
޾ȫͬȴ޲ɽаҲٶѾ߱һǻۣޣɱһؾߣޣؾ߶ֻӡ
Ѱ֮ǰɱѩ߱һͷޡ
ǰĶһȣѩֻ߱ͨˣܹɱؾͨϡεߣ
Ҵô꣬Ŀ£⻹ǵһۿޡ
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ţīɫƬͷһ֧״ǣֻʱͷԱߣֻʣһѪܵĿ
ʺͬһӤȭͷСѪ˿ڱԵ룬ٿʱ̬Ѱ̾жϳ޿Ǳһìıһᴩʺе
뵽⣬Ѱаܹһɱһͷģսؾͨϡ֮ϣ
ѵһƬɽУһ֮⣬һλǿߣ
ܹɱ޵ģɱǴĻͳˡ
ҵ档
ǵ뿪
Ѱϣɿ˵
뿪
ҵһ㶡
Ҳ²ⲻλһǿ󣬸ܹ⣬ƬɽУһΪ˴ﵽĳĿģһԷѱᷢʲô⡣
ѰڵȻҲܶԷΪǣɰȫǻ뿪Ϊá
ҵһ룬ҲʱӦ
ǰѰչжǶʬһһʽ⣬һװƤС
ǱƬˣʺΪףȥǮҲһ˵ļǮ
֮⣬ĽǺѪǴ֮ݺͼצǶϼѲϡ
ֻǿϧмֵĶ类ߡ
ѰѾˣƾռһ߶ʬ壬һĴջ
ұߢĲҩѸûҪȥΪƾ޵Ѫ⣬ЧöЩѪĲҩҪࡣ
ûͣԭ·ء

Ѱ뿪ͬʱһƬççɭֻһһٻȼգȻ¡
һͷͨľǣΪһӰȫٱӣûʱȥܣһ·ֱײɽԵޱȡ
ѰһϳһͷҾǡ
޲ֹӵǻۣѶ֮Уܹɱؾǿߣ
ȻʱͷҾȴԵ˾ֲֻ̣·мΪֲĶ׷졣
ϣ
ͻȻһӲǻԵĲӰ֣ӿգһֲ˼ٶ˺ƿһš
𡫡
ȫٿ񱼵۽˷һޱȵ˻ͺݺڵϣɢĻ棬Բʮ֮صľٻһգ潹ڡ
ܿʧͷҾѱɱϸȥȻܿһİ׹ǳì䱳ᴩͬʬݺݶ˵ϡ
һСӰɭ߳⾹һֻСŮ
ںڳ磬ݵϹһ¾ɵƤȹһԳ񣬿·ĳҰĺᡣ
𪣬ףһڣһһ͸һ䲻Ϣ
ֱͷҾߣСݵӰӴɽҾһȣԵС
һԾͲҾǱϣӨ֣һᣬѪˮŽУͽһİ׹ǳìγ
׹ǳìͨף˿˿Ƶ⣬ǻ԰СŮƽһϢ
ȻͷҾǱСŮɱ
һĻһЩ߿Ҳ֪𾪳ʲôӡ
СŮҾǵ˿ڴһܿͳһ뵰Сͨľ塣
СŮˣǲһ˿Ц⣬һɲ¶Цݾ󻨰ţһֶᾡǦضȻ
СŮһ֮󣬱뿪ɾڴʱƺʲôһڱֱüëĿңңɭ
оǺңԶĵطһ޵ĶϢ궼еһ˿
ǲųһֿͻϲܹŹ֣СŮûָоʱ峺оȻ֮ɫ
ˣˣ
ͻȻһҡضƬϵɭֶɭָ޶ڵأɪɪ
СŮʱѣŤͷһһʮɸߵӴӰڳ
һͷΪ۾ĺܣȴһСɽƶһ·ľغԵÿɲ֮
ѽѽ
СŮʲô˫ֱȻţзһɬѶ
ͷֹȴҡҡͷƺǾܾˡ
СŮƺЩʧһҧӰһԾСݵһֱڵ㣬ͳ෴ɭгȥ
ɽڰ;СŮͱһֻ޴Уá
ѽѽ
СŮУǺȴƺᣬŤͷɭȥԽԽԶ
СŮʱʧޱȣУǾԽԽԶĵطСϾȻ

ɭзص;У͵һ׵˻ɭּѰһ˽Զһɫ䡣
Ҿǣ
죡ѵǸɱǿߣɱһͷҾǣ
λǿ߿϶ڣû취쵽һ
ܰɣ˵УûһΪġ
ķǸղҪǰеĵطǼÿûǰ
˻ȻԶޱȡ
ѰҲһңðȻǰ˵ɱֻ֮Ҳ棬ɱᡢҾǵǿߣ˭
ǻǸϽ뿪طһж̫쳣ٶˡ
Ȼᷴԡ
һ
ѰһѴççɭֻ߳ոʮ֡
ջʵС
ߣϽشУջ֮Ҳһ˸ˡ
ٺ٣ҿһȲҪȥҫ˰ɣ
ҫôˣӻڣⱲӻͷһѩ߱Ͷʬؼңɲ˭лģ
뿪Σյɭ֣ҵԽԶ˿ŸԱװƤԶ
ѰתԶһççɭ֣а﾿ʲôһλǿɱ۽ǵǿǰлˣһҪ̽Ѱһ
ҡҡͷѰٶ룬ҵһƴȥ



23 ǿ
Ѱһ˴ջ񷵻ƴ֮󣬶ʱĪĺ䶯
ѩ߱
ᣡ
д඼ûۼˣʶ˵˴£Զ׷Χ£
ҲԺô꣬Ҳɱ˲֪ٵҰޣҲǵһδ޵ʬؼңп֪жˡ
ʱѰסͥԺУ϶˸ջĿĸһء
˵ĻǴѩ߱ʽƤǡ⡢Ѫȵȡ
һڴĿⶼϱߣд˾̾Ľ
˵Ҳвߣ廹徳εǿߣɼ壬Ҳûɱһͷѩ߱ޣ˵ȱѩ߱ǿһͷˡ
˵ѩ߱ǱѰһɱʱЩѰĿⶼˡ
ʮɣնɱһͷѩ߱
һڴԣһƵģѰԾҲһݾη
ңջô౦δãͻȻʵ
·ѰǶЩռģһѰ֮⣬Ķ䵱еʣлȥԴ˻ȡʡ
ѩ߱ͷϵĶãȥһ
Ͼȱ׿Ū˭ȥ
ҿһѰԷЦͷͦţλҺѰСѾѩ߱Ͷ˵ҵȴģǽԶһֵ֮ܽãͷϵѪ⣬ȻҲдҵһݡ
ԣһڴԶһ󻶺ϲɫ뵽Ⱥ¡
Ҫ֪˵ǽΪƴ񣬿ÿһҵĲɶ˽еģѰѶóҷֵҲûУܹɱͷ޶óָҵɴûз
ȻǾͰѩ߱Ƥ;ѪԼϵƬԸһݣ
ͻȻȺƿ³˹Ŀ̰ѩ߱Ͷһɨʹڡ
³ǮҲ֪ʱ˹ۿһУĿżɨǵϵսƷʱҲȡ
ʱ֮䣬Щ䳡˽Զü
³ϵĶɶѩ߱мֵģֱӵؿҪȻ˷С
ҵɫҲѿղſ˵ĺָҵͷ޵Ѫ⣬
³ȴƻȻûע⵽Ŀ⣬ԹǰҪԼá
̲סˣס֣Щģ
³üͷһ壬֮ɫ޴ֲߣõȱҲֻУֵܷ
˵ţһѾͳһѩ߱ƤץȥԵš
ϣ
һɫ³ǰһͣռⶼ鴤һ£ֱĿԹĿŶѰ㻹붯ֲɣ
û£ͿԶԹ۵Ǯⲽɫ䡣
һʱý
ѰЦնɱޣҪöͬ𣿡
ȻЦݣǲɫȴȵָ³
ǰѰСսƷ
³ôЩˡ
˵
ΪѰæ溦飬ЩѰԼˣȻῴ³۸
³ɫʱȵ죡ǲķҲЩӺһУȥˣ񻹸Ұһңֱǻòͷˣ
ЩԶɫ䣬־ŭȴòϣЩǵȷǿ³ͻﵽ䣬Żʡ
ֻһ³ǶһԽԽ٣ôвԹص
ϧǣҲֻܰŭУϾԺҪ棬Ҫ³ǰæȥһʡ
ٷԼ³ЦֻĿ⿴Ѱʱɫֱ
Сӣʹ컰㾿Ǹ³ѴһĨв
ʱǮҲĿѰˡ
ԭڴкѰ˺ŭֻǵѩ߱Ͷʱ̰Ҳƣѹ˲ôࡣ
һѰҵӣǮҲĿ֮¸ԷһʹĽѵ
ѰȻҲǮĿеĲƣסЦһ湻ģֱ׳
Ҫ𣿺ܼ򵥣ȴ˵
ѰڵɫƽأԹһĨЦ⡣

³ЦĿⲻźۼƳһǮ棬ǮᣬһⲽѰ·
ˣԶŭĻ뵽³Ǯ˾޳ܺᡣ
еǣѰҪͷָһЩ
֮ǺúǰΪԼǣҲֻˡ
Ѱն¾ء
ã͸ˣ
ڴʱһͼ峤ФǸߴӰͥԺС
Фγ֣һڴԶһҵĹǣѰҲһĨ޵Ц⡣
ʱѰҲѡʱ̣ȻѡʱҶԷˡ
һѰϵФαȻӲʶŸҶһȥӲ³Ǯ档
Фεĳ֣³ǮҲüͻָȻвôФΡ
ФδʱɫϣĿɨ³Ǯ棬ȵôĵӣڴǿĪ㵱峤ڣ
˶٣ФɫɭȻѰĶǷҲҪ˼ҵĶ
ԣԶһǰ³ᣬԺԼУǿô죿
һʱ֮䣬³ĿжһĨ֮ͬɫ
³üвͷָФεФͷЩǿһֱ㣬Ҫ
һ仰Фɫ
һԵѰЦ³Ǹôֻд񶼷
ˣ˵ˣȷˣ߰ɡ
ͻȻǮ濪ڣקס³ĸ첲ͳȥ
ʲôѩ߱ƤҪˣƬҲҪˣǿܶһϺõĻף
³еȴǮקסˡ
ˣФɫѿ԰һԱһڴ񶼿Լһķңֵˣûˣ°ɡ
Ҳ֪ʱѲ˾׷뿪ֻܿʣѰФΡˡ
ûˣФζʱ̾ϢҲû뵽Ǿŵز
ѰЦЦʣǮǸˣֲ֪֮ʲôˡ
ФҡͷֻһʱģǴ˴ûֻ»һٶ
Ѱ˵ͷ˼Ƭ̣˵Ф˵ͻȻһ˶ʧˣô
仰е˼ǣлɱ³ˣ峤Ƿᷴԣ
Ѱ峺ƽĿ⣬ФƤ͵һðžȻʧãƴдԣ޺
ѰʱЦˣҲҪĴ𰸡


24 ֵ
ֵ磬̫ģФκѰĻȴһһ󾪼¡
ĻѰѶ³Ǯ涯ɱ
ȻЩ³ǮһڻۣͬѹδеĲǵôԹص
ɱϾǶһģҪǣЩԺҪҪȥһʣɱǣԺ˭ƴһʣ
ҲһѾˣǰŶӣȫѲЩУƾôΪȥȷ롣
˼ȥһ̾ȻǴ峤ľɡ
ֺһФαҴҶȥ
ҲĶѰһ𽫵ϵսƷһһ֮󣬾һЩǿ׳ĴһжЩսƷָиҸ
ȻΨ³Ǯ˵ķݶԴҲû˷ԣϾ˸ղŵľٶʵ̫֡

ͥԺ룬һȼգеġѩ߱Ѫ÷ð̣һƬ
ѰվԱߣɿĽһͶУѪݡ黨Ϲ
ÿһģԶǰǡѪҩϡѩ߱ľѪһƣܹҩЧӳЧ
ǡġֶΡ
Ϊһʦ߱ġī
Ѱ׸¹ѧϰԸĵҩԺЧÿνָƣģȴΪˡīΪ
һʱ
еĸѾȫѩ߱ѪںϣΪһճĽҺ
һζҩΪ㽬
ѰһˮңСһ㽬ռظЦЦ
㽬һֺöܹѪǿ׳ǣǵĴż洦
࡫
Ѱһճ㽬һ̷ȥֻһڵĺȻ֫ٺ
ô˻ᣬѰͥԺʩչоȭȭýѸݡ
ֻӰͥԺвŲתƣһ̳Ƶı
ܿ죬ѰѪڣͷһưð¯ȼգֻƤĤ޾Ȼûһ˿ƣ
һ
Ѱһšһ˦͵شǰ壬ȭŭںХХ
飡
ͥԺһ޴ʯ棬һȭᴩһɵмˮ㣬ǽϣ۵Եʮ㡣
оȭСŭɽ
ǰΪѨԵʣѰʩչһе
ڣʩչɫݣϢƳǺò
һΪġѨøΪĸУõʩչȭʱǵһ˿ɬƷʶ˲ֹһ
һǿʼɱ䣬ñǿ֮࣬ǰ̷㽬ҩѿʼʶһٽŭɽ׷ӳ
̶̼죬ͷ˴仯õѰҲϲ֮
ɣӰһȭƶȻһ䣬磬ɲǼ䣬·һλսɳʮĽ
䣡
ȭһȭư磬һɲɱܹûΪ˷ɢȥ
оȭڰСѪսʮ
Ѱԭأһȭ̺Ȼ΢΢ЩϢȴһƬ
ˣڿԽоȭȫʩչˣ
ѰһĿָ侲ʱ³һȭԽɱ
һ־ԵţҪ֪ѰΪȻؾ׳֮ãȴʵޱȣ־ĵСĴƷ˺ֹһõսҲǷ
£ٲ³ǲŽЦ
Ǯ桭
Ѱһӣ峺ĿһĨ⣬ǸؾǿߣǶѰҲҴ⡣

ҹ
Ѱһѩ߱⡱׷ӣû˷κʱ䣬طм
ӽ쿪ʼ³ǮȻԼжԼȥɱǣǶȻҲŹԼ
ԴпɲѰԸ񣬼ȻѾȻκи
Ѱյսܺ٣ԶСʱ¹ڣһоȭһֵ
оȭ׵۹йΪĻȭѰѾġ
ֵһ𡱡̡Уÿһи߰
¹ڴ˵ʱΪ˶Ѱĵٶȣû˵ⲿкϾһЩӵʱҲҪĵϡ
ѰԴ֮ͷ֣ⲿĵģһɱޱȵĹ
ֵеġ־һĶͷʮֱ֣ȵȣÿһԶԵ˵Ҫλ׼
ѰֶΣաֵÿһеİ;裬ɻûܹ͸ֻžĽ׶Ρ
ˣⲿѲС
ǰڡ䳡³һѰõġ־еġһ˶Էޣ֪
Ѱͻɣ⡰ֵӦôԲһѰϧ¹Ͳ͹һС
֮ܶоȭֵ͡ѰյսԸѰ֣Ѵ´ࡣ
ѰΪصʵΪΪǾսĸڣͺñһͯѡоȭϰٴ죬ΪҲһӣԡ
Ϊ֧ţսҲȫֳ

ϪܶʼѭѰξž
ѩ߱Ѫ̺Ϊ䣬ֱڵϪѭʮ˴֮ѰԭΪ˽һΪ±Բ
ѰԲһɽף
֤ڻáͨؾ֮Ѱ˴ǰĶˣȫµ
֮ڣΪؿͻƣ
ڵķУѰĿ͸һĨţʱͻƣôǶǮ棬Ҳ㲻ʲô
һѰ֮󣬱Сڤѭ֮ꡣ
ֱɫһҹû˯ѰȴǾȣȻûһ˿ƣۡǡࡢ⡰ʶ֮ر
΢Ҷ²Ӽ䶯¶ˮҶɳɳѷתָһĻ档
˱£ӳԺУѰľҲƽࡣ
֡ʶϸ΢صĸܣѰδġ
ҲСڤǿЧ
꣡
еıأǣԺͻ۸޷˵¶ԡ족ǿ߶ԣҲֻһȥ֪
Ѱ侳ոտеĽ׶ΣѾʼӴ֮



25 ֮
飡
ɱݺˤڵϣмɽ
³ҧǮ棬ղΪʲôҪңʱƾҵɱС練ƣ
ǮüʱФǶڣΪǻɱСӣ
³ߵЩһһУСΣһ˾ܽȫѹ
Ǯüͷһô޴ФǣԺ˭ֲ
ǮٽֱͣӵϴҸ˵ģò˼죬ѰСӾͻһǰʮ֮в溦ʱ򣬱֮ʱ
³ԲģݺݵãҾ͵ȼ졣
Ǯ΢΢һЦ˵ʱֻҪС˼ѩ߱Ͷϵıɾ˵ˡ
³һȣɫҲǱõСٶ죡

죬Ѱǲеĳ溦֮⣬ʱ䶼ϡ
СڤԪоȭֵ͡ÿһʱ䶼Ѱãûκи
ϴδԴѩ߱ͶѪ⣬˵ֳȥ˲٣ʣµҲ㹻Ѱʮˡ
ͷѪĲ䣬õѰٶҲԼӿ˲٣ʱлһٽؾֻסˡ
ΪѨĸУõˣƷȴĸΣôʵ
Ѱ뷨ȰȫزʱѡƾҲ١
ôԭҲܼ򵥣ΪԺ·ߵøԶ
ԽǻԺĵ;Խƽ̹Թ˲Ƶĵ
ֻܹ쵽һģȴٺ٣ԭڲ˭ܹѰ㣬ӵССġ
Ѱߵʣиע޷ı䣬ʶҪһĸǲܵġ
һ峿ѰӴϢƳʣʮ㡣
죬ߺͿԽˣ
Ѱһ羨ˮ㣬ΪһӿѰУ֫ٺִӱһ
ϣС¹¡֮Դĥڵ֮
ҲǼؾεס
ǿֱ֮֮࣬ӦУ֮ͨ磬תУѵڵ;һ
¹¡Ϊ׼ͨ࣬һȵȷ涼ȫµı仯
߳䣬ڳԡУѰһоȭֵʹҴϴ뿪˼ҡ
ҪһǰƴжʮаæУȡ֮ǰܹϻء
ڴе·ϣѰĴԶĴкѰҲǺЦͷ
ͨЩӵĸѰУһڴɺء
Ѱ壬ɶʱϰ䰡
·ϣһСƨʵ
ˣò˼졣
ѰЦСƨԴͺԶŵһ𳯴ȥ
ҲֻӼڵĳ溦ûнֻҪæˣѰܳʱָЩͯϰ䡣
һʵľګ꣬һ·޻
һʱһƬǰĶأﲻԶɽ
Ѱִʱ̲ס࿴ɽһۡ
ɽаɸߣ۾գɽʯ¶͸ɽĲɫͬɽֳһֳϼɫȼƵģΪĿ
һٶǰһλ׵۹ٳǵ·˵ʱɽзһСͿŷḻġƻͭ
ƴֱ˶
ֻʱǨڹ⣬ڿĴǱ뿪ֻһȺū
ܾƴеĴ񣬽Զǵ걻ūᡣ
ѰФ˵һ£ʶʱɽʱ̲סͶ࿴˼ۡ
˽⣬̺ƻֿͭĵطһǼΪصķˮ֮أ߿Ǵн
лᣬҪȥۿһǵڿЩһ飬ǿԼһˡ
Ѱͷһ
ûٵ飬Ѱȡߣ̧߽Уʼ׭̡ơ
ȺﲻԶ
СѾˣǶְɣ
ھƬﲻԶɽ£³һʯ󷽣¶֮ɫ
ٵȵȣһÿ׭ƣͻĵȫʱɱʱ
ǮɫŶ侲һˡ
³ЩƾҵΪѵԸһС
СΪá
Ǯ治Ϊ
³ҲΣøɵۣʵں⣬ΪʲôӵؾΪǮ棬ôѰС
ûãԶ˵һһֱ
ǡơʼˣǮ濴˾󣬽ס̾˿ƾСӵͣǲԣǿ£·һЩãֻǿϧˡ
ټˣ
³мһڡ
ǮЦЦΪȻֱԶȥ߰ɣʱոˡ
ˣ
³ѵȵüͣһľ޴һͷѪţ˹ȥ

ƷãƬ̣ȻԽЩ桯һ򾡡
Ѱÿ֪ת߳ֻǣȴǲˡ
ţ
ѰĿɨֵʱ򣬾ͶȻԶӰٳ
һ壬һǹһ˿࣬Ŀһ޴
ǺȻǮ³
߲ƣѰȴţ뵽³ǮԼ鷳ֻû뵽ǽ졣
һͻȻʧ٣ѰһӾףһֻҲѺ³˴ͨˡ
һˣƴԶȶܣȷɱڵĺõط
Ѱд϶Ǯﻮģ³³Բƻˡ
;ǣ³ǮԽԽɫƽأԹһĨ޵Ц⡣
λˡ
Ѱڡ
³ǮԶһԭǻΪѰͻ˱䣬лѰӵȴû뵽һ;ǣƺڵȴǵһ
װģӵҪ˭ܾȵ㣡
³ƿڴһѰƽоԽǷŭԹޡ
ǮͬЩȻѰ򶨣ͻָ򶨣ĿܶԷʲô춼ɣ
طұҲڷϢĨû뵽ȴѾԼں֮أɲ١
ЦУѰĲɫл˳һɲǣʶȻһ䡣



26 ʬ
ü絶磡
˿̵Ѱ·һˣϢɱţͲһʮꡣ
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Ѻͻƴ֮䣬ֹɱޣѪƴսҲ˵ޱȡ
ʱ˿̣ȻᱻѰͻȻĴ벻
³ҲǮ࣬³çʵսḻѰȻìͷָǮ棬סЦǸκһˣҲǮ潻ˡ
Ͼ㾳㾳֮䣬ƽֻһΣɷӳսȴر
Ȼ³ǣۼѰҪǮ潻棬ȴѰ͵һתż͵һ̤棬ͻȻı䷽򣬳ɱ
ৣ
ɫâѸ磬磬ǡֵ־еĴ
ߣҲ䲻⣬䲻
һʽ˵ľǹĪ⣬˷ʤһһɱһǰơ
³ͫȻһʱղѰֻһǹҪĸǮ棡
³һо޴𣬺ᵲǰͬʱˣֻȱرܿһ
ȻѰĻȻᣬɫ涸Ȼһ䣬ӡΪ־еġһʽ
ͼ紺˿³޴ϣ
䣡
һɵھ޴һɲһȻƥݺӿ³һ飬޴䡣
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Ѱһ֣û³һۣŲ֮յرܿ˴һɱǮ档
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Ǯɫһˮ𶯣һĶ䣬գۼɣ
ͬǮҲû뵽Ѱ˽ƻ;УҪԸĲԼ³
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Ǯ䣬ɱ磬Ŀ絶ѰǶŭ
ѰȴƻȻֻЦЦ൶ɱ
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ৣৣৣ
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ǮǹΪǹʽ񣬼ǡεǿߣսȻӹɵǿ
ԸѰ㾳ǿߣƬ̾ɱԷ
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ǮĿεһ۾ͿѰʩĵ󣬸ͲѰɱȣ
ˣҲˣƾһΪҲѹԷֻǮû뵽ѰǸѷɫԼ
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ӢܣǰһӵаǧУҲֻȼӵ츳ս
ѵѰҲһ׿ţ
ǮǿԱ侲ȴ΢΢Щˡ
ԭΪѰֻһѧͽΪǣɺΪ³ΰѰУڿʼѰ
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ȻǮתӵһ̣ѰǺɣвɫ̵͵
أ
̵ƿգ׷ļХĲ˼飬һ˲һݺǮı󣬽˶ڵϣѪ
Ǯ淢ҽУĿ־ʹ࣬ҪȴѰһ̤ڵϣγ䱳ϵĶ̵ָǮʺ
ʼգѰûκһ˿ϻɱ˵ĶҲԵ졣
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Ѱһ³ʬ壬Щɢ
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ȫ׼ʱǴ漣Ŀˡ
ѰΪ˵漣һŬֻΪɱ³Ǯ档
ֻѰԼҲû뵽Ǯ³սƺԼжеôǿ󡭡
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ѰһвЩԳԼȻΪ˽˺üʱ䣬ʵЩСˡ
ʵѰЩǮ棬͹Լˡ
ǮؾеٮٮߣҲһλսΪḻĺݽɫ
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ټЩ޿ѩ߱ѪΪʳͨҲõչ
ٸֵȶضĵɱǮҲ˳µ顣
ûٶ룬ѰĿһɨܣԶɽϡ
˵ɽػŵڿʯһȻѷȴһʬ𼣵ĺõط
ûãѰ³Ǯ˵ʬ壬ɽ£ҵһ



27 Ѫ
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ϸһѰǮ桢³ʬ˽ȥ
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ﵱ괢һС͡ƻͭѷһٶ꣬еġƻͭҲѱھһɶ
ѰΪ˴ڿнԼĪյʱ䣬ѰһӶǰֹ
˦ֽ³Ǯ˵ʬ嶪һӶ֮Ѱû뿪һ󶴼ǰȥ
ֻԽԽǳʪ䣬վԽǼžqqĻ˻ë
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أһХ𣬾ͿһĨȻӿƺڰĿ֮
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Ѱ˷ǵǷ¶һĨЦ⡣
ۣ
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ģΪţ˫Ŀ͹һʺ͸Ѫɡ
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ѰСʱ¹صһΪסĵ伮ϱ߾гѪļء
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ѪɰʵǳѪݣÿ꣬ѪͻʯҵԼһ£Ϳȫµݡ
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ʶ⡰ѪɰҲһֵּġ
ڵ֪ƴһƻͭʱѰоһǺܹƻͭĵطѪܾӣƻͭȻԸѪγһȻ
Ѱһ㣬һ̽˵ص뷨ֻȴûȷЩڿĴǷҲܡ
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⻰ţ׭Ҫ׭ʡī壬ȱһɣīΪѽǮġ
ΪīҪԽ׭ƷߵƣīҪԽߣһīʱĸĵҪҲˡ
⻹ֻī׭ʡѡͽûнǮͰ첻
׭ʱʧҲǺģʧһξ͵˷һʽǮûĸʦұ֤ĳɹʡ
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ǸΪǮյĺӵܣҲӵиԴĹкᣬһ׵۹УһףΨһܿľֻԼ

Խ·ϳĳѪԽ࣬ҺЩСȴϡѰѰɱ
ۡ
һ·ϣɱѪʱĳ֮⣬ֻʣѰһ˵ĽŲ
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һУӰѰͻȻϮĳѪʱЩǱ
˺ѰѷֱѪ뷨񣬿ʼ֪ܵΣա
ͱ۾սҲûʲô
տʼѰӦüβ㱻ЩѪҧסҪλãѾϤսʽɱҲʼӦ֡
ƾ֪սѰֶԭֵеһЩδĻɬ֮Ҳһһա
ৣৣৣ
âܣںڰٿȻէֵľ磬ͻϮĳѪһһնɱ
ʱѰѳڶԡֵĲУȻʱţп͸
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ҲѰˡСڤ֮õʹܻĸ֪Ҳ
һ㾳ǿ߸սֻѱѪҧеˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãѰֻ֪жȻһգʱѹһͼԼѾ˿ͷ
ͷһ¾޴ʯڣδ䣬Ѿ߲ͨ
һѰ΢΢һĵϾ˸ʬ׹ǣ


28 Ŀɿڴ
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Ѱжӵһ߰׹ʬϰһЩƲһͿʼѹѪɰ
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Ѱһ̰֮ˣľƴ壬Фβ飬ǱҪġ

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ллѰС磡
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ѰҲƴǣҲΪФһһ
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Фһڲˮ˳Ŀɿڴ
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29 и
֮Фоһϲһûھġƻͭζʲô
ܽƿУܸƴ˵ı仯
ƴʲôҲûУֻܿȲܶһһЩ΢ʣǿֻܹ±⡣
ǷƻͭĻһڴؽ˶ԣٲΪƶա
˳ʱ֤֮󣬴ЩͯԶ顢ʶ̤֮֡·ǰǷʢĳдٲǸֻϾƧУƶ֮࣡
ФҴ棬ȫһھƻͭʱʯõĲƸҲдҵһݡ
Ѱɿ˵
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οѰһλͨ׭̵ѧͽһλսǿߣ
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ФҲȰ裬ѰϺͿʼɿԺгﱸŸηȥھƻͭʯ
ʱѰȴͻȻڵФµҲȽ˴еһЩٰϢҲ١

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Фξһ񣬵ѰʶԸǣ㾿мɰգ
ѰûشֻЦЦФ½ҰɣΪ˲ġ
ЦݣһţԾ͸ȾФΣеԥһɨգȻǾôˣ

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ѽƣҲͣһˡͨؾ֮Ժгġ
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Ѱ֪ԼһӤԭѲҵԼĸ˭
¹һȴҵԼԴˣǷܻһЩйظĸ
ȻѰѰҸĸȤֻ֪ǸΪʲôҪԼıԴ
Ϊ£ȥж˲ܣѰɿܲޣ
ǱҪģ
û¹Ҫȥʸףʸ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôҪ߱ҵıԴ
Գ˼ãѰһĵĳ޷ĵףںڰѪȵĿɽг󣬺һҪ𣬴һ򵥵顣
ټ¹ֻƬҲ֪־׵۹Ҫף
׵۹ֵ֮˭ֳʲôģĵλΪ
Ѱͳͳ֪
żеģֻҪŬѰȥһʵ֣
ȻǰҪ׵۹лҪúǿ

Ǯ³֮󣬽죬ѰָֻƽУ˽ڴЩͯϰ䣬ʱ䶼ϡ

еȶѳ죬ϲ̵ȫʼҹոȡ
һ죬ѰҲӮһͻƣΪؾΡ
һͻƲĶΪȻȻͻˣһ豭ˮȻ˳
˳ƶΪͻƣҲӲ֤ѰиĻʵǳͣԶѰ
֮ı֮磬࣬ľƢˮֱӦ֮
ʶ˾ֱС
˾ѿת֮أϴ࣬磬ܶʼ
һ㾳תھŸѭ
ڶ㡰׳תʮ˸ѭ
㡰תʮѭ
ѭĶ٣ζǷӳսǷܹ־á
Σʱ֮ãѰΪͻˣ
һжѰϫһػϲãֻ֪ҪԼһȥһ죬ԼҲһص۾Ӱһڤ֮ţ


30 ֮
ƴ룬䳡
һںͯɫ棬һ˿оȭ죬·жȡ
֮Щкͯʩչоȭһζ󿪴ϣƴ
վԱ߼ලЩͯѰˣͷ
ЩСһġоȭɢҲɢ෢ɱԵһֱȥؽ;
ͬѰһһָЩͯѾʼƿоȭıʰ
ѰҲ޶Ʋ⣬һڻֻ¸ûĽЩͯϰ䡣
ǵῴеĴ©֮
䳡һ࣬ͯϥбӦҵĶӡӦ
ͯԶ߰СʱͯҪ߳һЩѸ֪Уԡ塱ֻԿС
ǣѰҲò˽ԼѧġԪһһڸǣóһЩѩ߱ͶѪǴ
ҲΪƴԺķչǡ
ѰгһսǽԶƴʧȥеĻ
ټѰҲһֱƴ壬£ؽǣӵİΣ
ӦˣǱѰѡеӡ
֮ǰѰԼյһЩĵþܵĶڸǣԺ󣬾ҪԼȥŬˡ
ලͯʱѰҲûţһɫľҲƾĥ¡ֵİ
ৣ
һƬϸСҶƮ䣬ֻһҶͱһء
ԭѰ߼԰쵽ϸȥܷⱻҶҲн
ΪһҶϵһ£Ǳֱ
֮Ѱһֹǿ磬Ҿ׼ޱȵҶһһ
Ҷϸ΢磬ֶõĽؽڵ԰쵽һǱһЩΪֻ֮߳Ҳ᲻͡
ǡ΢
Ҳо绮ֵģ΢׼Բĸز
оȭտʼܹʽһһʩչǡΡ
νɣܹʼʽеľ֮Գ΢Ρ
ϣԽʽ֮İӳԳ׼
ڡԲǽоȭаȫ͸ȫӳ
ִ˾һһʽˮҽǣȫӳսҲ֮
һսԶ߱Ĵ󾳽硣
Ѱѽоȭˡ׼ΣֻһܹԲز
ҲȭϾǻȭҪ󲢲ߣټ򵥵ȭҪԲزҲô׵ġ
Ҫһԡ
ϾߵԸԲͬͬʩչоȭҲͬҪԲزҵԼһַ
ߴǲһ˷ʱģ֮ǻΪޣֵö໨˼ȥĦ
ֻǶѰԣоȭΨһյȭûĿѡ£ȻҪ໨˼ȥĥ´˹
ǻȭֻҪܹԲزӳҲǳ
ߵȹһһľľ϶
ɹؼ˭У
ڸУľҲɱˣͨУٷҲ״
оȭҪԲزҪһԣҲѰ˼ĥֵϡ
ⲿȷܶأҲʱͬҲѰҪɬһЩ
ѰҲ΢롰׼ԶԲˡ
⻹ǺͳѪȺɱĥ²ģѰѰܰѡֵ΢ز
Ҳ£Ѱʶٶ࣬ҲվǺͱ쳵һΨоʵսĥ̵򵽵еľ裡
ҸᣬһҪȥһƬɽһ⣬һЩĥǾ͸ˡ
ѰԺиֳһ뷨
ʵսֹԴ似Զһ˵Ǻ;飬һսߣע޷ߵøԶ

ŬƴֲȫոϣһͳƣԼĪǧ֮ࡣ
ȻһЩɴѾ㡣
Ƕ֪˳֮󣬻ջôȣֵҵġ
ΪѰ溦йÿÿջȣָѰ٣Ҳнٽˡ
ЩջҪ䵱Ѻ͵ǧ֮һʵġ
һû˴ôԭҲףȻЩѰܷ쵽Ǵ峤ФεľҲԡ

ƽӳţ֪ɱ³˵ʱ䣬Ѿȥ˽һʱ䡣
Ѱ˽ڴЩͯϰ䣬ʱ䶼ϡ
ʱĥѰءεΪǻޱȣսֹǿһ
ʱǮ棬һɱԷ
СڤҲЧѰǿ󣬽һͿʶеһǳ
ˣǿҲѰ˼ôÿֻϢʱҲоκεĲʺƣиѰʡʱ䡣
ǿĥͲֵʱҲֱ࣬仯ΪѰϲʶСڤĲͬѰ֮
˴ΪĥѰҲû֮ÿȻһʱ䣬׭Ƶٶȡͼɡ
Ψһźǣһ֧ɫ׭ͬһһʧ֮Ѱȱһֵ֧׭ʡ
ƾѼһЩģǿһЩī׭̳һЩͼ
޷׭ͼζ޷֪Լ׭ƵˮƽҲͲ֪Լʦ֮仹Ŷپ롣
Ѱ֮ɷһһϦ֮ջ۵ϰͽûκνݾԡ
ȻΪһԶõķѰѾˡ
ֻʱƣƴһڴûѰɣǶʱһһȥһ˻ھԽԽ˵һͻƴС
õһڴҲýѹֲ٣ǳƲҵҲǰˡ
ڴˣѰҲıʲôܻҪģǿǸӦ²ǵ֮
һ峿Ѱϴ֮󣬱һŰ׹Ǵ󹭺һʸ뿪Ҿֱȥ
һѩ߱ͶѪѱԹ⣬ƾȵĲ䣬Թ
ʶΪԼӣΪԺ裬ѰѾǰһƬɽһ⡣
һΣѰһ·ûдҵһԻ
ôҲΪ˰ȫǣϴǽɽʱѰֻ¾ͻһͷδı桰ҾǡǺʵ롣
ֻѰ֪ͷֲвġҾǡѱɱһСɱ



31 ʵ

УѰӰýɣٳԶȥ
һʱ䣬Ѱøߴ࣬೤С
ɵѲٲ԰ףһѵζ
һж޿Ѳϵټʳ㽬ѩ߱Ѫ⣬õ̥ǣǰˡ
ؾѿԽɣ֧£Ƿɱһʱƣ롣
ǡ籼绢
ΡԶ԰쵽һ
Ҫһʱ·̣һӱԵִ
çç纣ĹɽٶӳҰУѰժ±ϰ׹ǳӼһ֧īɫʸӰһݣʧǺqqС

Ƭ̺
飡
һʧƵݺһͷƻϣӴɳȥ֮⣬Ѫ䣬ҽһһغ
ͬʱһӰԶһ£첽ƻʬǰüĿ磬һѾ޴׹ǹѰ
еİ׹Ǵ󹭣ѩ߱ļΪԶһΪңĴĥƶɣ˹ǿûϰٽ
Ϊ˹ѰҲ˲˼ҾͱƻͭĥƵķĩһ죬üޱȣѰԽնϡ
ǿȻҪƵļʸ
Ѱװŵ֧ͨīɫļʸȫɶȹһĥƳģǷȰֶҪӲÿһ֧а
ʱΪ֪Ѱ޷ʱս¹͸Ѱ²ʺȴѡ񹭼Ϊ
ȫ֮һɱ޷ʱս˶ԣѡ
ҲǴʱѰʼӴϲһɱļ
˵̥ǣˣѰҲᶪ⹭һ
ʱ򣬹һܹ׵Ļɱ֣ͻϮԶҲԸõıԼİȫԣתȥڱֲס
֮ѰսֶȻܼ򵥣ȴΪȫ棬ԶйеȭҲศɡ
ѰٻһӶõǾ͸ˣϧ¹ƺó˵ʶҲûнڹ
ۣ
Ѱִ̧ӰĻϰγʸֽ׼õġȲݡڰƻʬϣסѪϢ
Ȼϸ͵ġ١ŰƻʬһȦͽսƷ˸һïʢݴС
ƻҲһͷޣѩ߱һЩֻǶѰԣѲ߱κв
ڸһǺţѰûгɣɭȥ
ûãԶһضɽҡѰӰһϸһϣ乭Դ
֪һͷһڳ߱
Ȼûһͷ޴ţӰ¡¡̤Ŵسһ·ϵĹľײ׺֮
ѰһһͷɱؾĿ¼һޱȣѪӣ
Ѱͷ֣ƺЩԾţڲֻӴܣƺڿ־ʲô
ѰջǾ֣޶ԣ߱żвǱƲѣѰҲԼСЦ
Һͷţֻӱûע⵽ڴ֮ϵѰܿʧӰ١
ѰͻȻðһĪľ£ͬʱ˷ɭУһ޺
·ççɭвŵޣ˿̶ʲôʾ޺ľζ
¡¡
ؿʼ𶯣һ֦Ҷ죬ոԿɽֵÿһУһͷͷҰޡޡ޷Ӵܣγһɹɺ·Ĳײ顣
˺£
һ̣ѰҲʶ˲ԣ𹭼ӰһڶңңȥʱͿǼԶĵطһս
һͷʮɸߴĺܣһСɽ㣬˻羪ףһĳһӵз츲֮
˫һԵͨƤëڹ⣬ɷԶԶţѰһѹϢĸо
ܣ
ڡסмأ޿ɽа֮Դݶɽ˺ǿߣ
ܵĶ֣һߴͨ巺ŴĿâӰھ̫ԶĿ
ѰĲǣߴӰԴܵĹǻȻ壬ӰߣƾһȭͷͽѹƵ̧ͷŭѡ
ӰԷɶݿУܹȫѹסһͷǿߵĴܣ
ǸߴӰȻһλ麣ǿߣ
Ҳֻ麣ǿߣӵзɶݿеͣ
Ѱʶ㣬в𾪣ǧɽɽˮУôͻȻðһλ麣ǿߣ
䣡
Ѱףһ죬һ͵رײõѰһӰ׹ȥ
ѰӦν죬ڰվӰһŤż֦һ㣬ӷ㣬Ȼڵϡ
ף
ڴʱѰſԶһСŮƤȹ¶һѩźĳ㣬һͷںڳΪٱܶ¶һüĿ续ӡ
ѰСŮһ¶ѽѽƺڸѰϿӡ
ѰҲ֪˵ͷ˵һл͸оǰһСŮ嵽ǰһ־ס½󣬳Զȥ
һСŮ߻Ѱؿڣ˿ѰȴһֻСɣõѰвһ
ΪѰԾǣʼգܣͱץסˣ

ڶϼӹѰҲʶСŮƺ޶⣬Űһ
оһ󷭹ԼؾΪСŮܹɴԼۣΪѵҪԼ߳ࣿ
¡¡
ܿ죬Ѱ͹˲ö룬ҰУһ·ɭһƬһƬӣҡ
£Ҫȷþ뿪
ܿ죬СŮʹѰɭִ֣֮Ѱ̲ס˵С롭
Ȼֹ
Ϊһ̣һĨâشԶƳն
䣡
ͬʱһſɲȭ˺գݺݳСŮȥ
СŮ·ܹδ֪ӰһʹѰһԱֻ߱ܿȭϵǿ󣬽ҳһӡ
ȭɲನɢСŮһСһ򣬾ͺѰһ𵹵ڵء
ÿֲ
ѰͫһɻӦһҫ۽âȭƿն
һȭһȭ˵ѰֻؾΪӵεֻҲܲȥ
̫ˣȻϮ޷
ΣޱȵĹͷѰֻ͵ըһʿ׵۹з֪
羪ףء
ѰֻǰһͬһСŮͱһȻƥ֮յرܿһɲȭɱʮ֮Ŀյϡ
ʱѰſε֮£һɫۣͷ̵٣ӣ̤һεɫƳϣն
ƮƮȻķˣֱ·


32 ر
һ麣ǿߣ
յһλƵӣѰ֮࣬м
ղӼʱȣСŮ类ɱ
ͬʱѰҲڿˡ֡˭
һ쳣˶͵ӣⷺŵɫһʯӲըС
뷢ǹꪣĿ磬ǣӣɽΡǿ
˵٣ʵ򼫿죬ӳ֣Ҳһεƽ˵һƿն
ৣ
â磬ɱ£
һɲѰ۾һʹǽ̫ǿˣֱյգҪ¡
ͬʱҲˣһȭͷЮųʢХ
¡
ҡضƲѣײɢϯƬضʧɫ
һĻ̫ɲλӵ麣Ķǿ߶ԿǶϷ
׵۹һֱһ˵麣ǿһһϯעͿ̿޷ѣ
һԾǷ̳ܵĳУɵƻȴ÷Բ֮ڵʯľ촷ۡѣһЩӱܵҽжѪⱬ
׵һĻõѰٲҶ࿴һСŮ£ͬʱתסԼȫ
̫ˣ
ѰŽֻؾΪԡ麣ֲεĶԾ˵ӱܡֵѡ
ɲԼ
ѰҲֻһսϽ
¡¡
սңײ羪׹ҰѰĤʹѪ궼ڼݣܵĲѪ
Ҷ룬ʶתСڤġѭ֮һ롰Ⱥҫգѭ족֮ء
ܿ죬㲻ټ¶ʶҲÿ飬һи糱ˮȥڡ
ٿȻ֮䣬ѰȻ֣Լ俴Ժȴܵľֳ
֮£ԣһεɫŽ磬Хɭɭ
棬ȴԵ쳣ǱһͬʯӲļϣۣѪʣһȭͷƤɭɭ׹֡
ɼ˺ۣӾǻȻɳɱ׺ƥ
ݽ
͵أƺЩͷˣһХֻεŽƶȻһ䡣

绮ƺڰһĨ磬һš
һò˼飬ѰиԲ׽һĺۼ
ӷһƺߣһ첲ն䣬Ѫգ
ὣ
ǿʢֱһ˵еĽɣһܽ췭ظ
ԣҪô˻һɱӡ
ড
ؼʱ̣֮ϣһͷ޴ݸ£˫絶Ʋ㡣
ͨӲӣƽɣ˫һչʮɡ
ٶҲ˼Ŀ죬硢ӰٿȻ֮䣬ͽӾߣ
ͻȻıʣҲЩ⧲Ҫ׷ʱǽɫѾʧڼԶߡ
ڰֽ񣡡
Ӵһʵû뵽ʿ
ս˽
Ѱ˲ʲôʿ񣬼սʱ̲סһŸоϻĴʹһѪ죬ڸղŵսƤ֮ˡ
ýֻƤ֮࣬û˼ǡ
СŮСŮͷģû˺԰ġ
û°ɣ
Ƭش꣬սĺۼ
ѰæлӴȡ
ŷ֣ӾΪᣬͶ¶һϢ
û¾ͺãû뵽ǧɽоʿûѵҲΪ콵ر
̾·
ر
Ѱһ
ǿ߰ɡ
ƳһѰСŮų¾ɣǸסɽ񣬵ʱϨѯǵ˼
ʶлᣬն˶
Ѱ˵
ӿƽ󣬿ΪȴղŻһĪĶ顣
ң
һƸоȤҡҡͷǻǺúչԼɣҡǾ͵Ƽˮһλ·˰ˡ
˵ţӰһ̤նȥԣֱƲ㣬ò
·ˣ
Ѱкøоͨ仰Ѿ²³ӾԼȷ˳Ϊ֮δ
š
Ѱ̾
ʱԱߵСŮȴƺЩ쳣ս֮˻ǣȻһУĿԶɽ֣۶İϣһĨŨŨı
ѰˣסСǲǺ͸ĸ߶ˣ
ѽѽ
СŮҡҡͷзһѶ
Ѱһ㶣ʲôԣ
ѰûСŮҧҧ촽һ̾ٶ˵
ˣղſɶлˡ
ѰղɭбСŮӱһĻоЩ죬ɺܸлСŮĳ
ѽѽ
СŮ̧ͷʯۣɫȻƺҲѰ˵ʲô

ѰͷаֹСòɽеҰ˺ɣ
Ҳƴ˵ǧɽʲô˶У޸żʣвٲ̻ͨԭʼˡҰˡ
˿СŮ۵ѰʱеĲ²⣬ҰĿܳ
ȻСŮüһЩƣǰһڣС͵¡
ԱߵѰˣʶסСŮһ鿴ֻǻԹȥ޴󰭣Űһ
ûٵ飬СŮڱϣѰҴҳƴ巵ȥ
һ·ϣյľҲһҡͷ̾ϢΪֻһЩѪⲹʳѣ˭һ󶯵
ǿǡʿɱһͷܡһңĿˡʿӵ۷ԾԼܲС
Ҵȴһ˵СŮ
񵹺ã򵽵ҲˣҪһԵСŮؼңʵѰеЩЦԷǡ
ѰԣһλԵɺ֮£ܹĿλ麣ڵĽ棬ѰҲ֪ǿжеִҲᶨ
ԼӵԷصһҲ˱ˣ
һñøǿ
Ѱаݡ

֮⣬һ߷УһóһŻµگ鷭
һǰ۹̨롱گ飬Ψ׵۹߲Ȩӵк֪
ٵ۹ϱǧɽ֮أĪ⣬Ϸ֮޷أоر֣½Դ
ĿһƬ˼֮ɫʿĪҲΪ˶
뵽⣬һ̾ǾرҿǧɽѰ˶ʮˡ



33 
ѰСŮִƴʱͿվһȺˣԶһɲģ
ѰԶ¶ϲɫӭ
Ӵ峤Фο˽⵽ԭղŷʮ֮ս̫ǿɽХõƴһڴҲ
þԶûвƴ塣
﷢˺£
Фεʵ
ҡ
Ѱ룬û˵ʵλ麣ǿ֮ĶԾ̫ˣǲЩ֪Ϊá
˵⣬Ѱһæ峤ҷʱɭ඼ѵõջ񡣡
Фλ۾һһϢѼ㹻⣬Ժпڸˡ
ѼһЩϵëƤͽǣжһһʲƵĲƸ
ûгɣФδҴżʮǿ׳Ĵ񣬾ͻ𼱻ǳˡ
ææµµģ˭ȥѯѰϵСŮǴġ
صңѰСŮԼϣǺñӣëСŮϵĻҳ
СŮӨ֬ļԼ续͸ϢʱѰҲһ
ģ̫Ưˣ
Сѣġȴ·еһһȻʧɫ֮
Ѱǣⱻݺݾһ£ð૵Сʱôǻ˵ãֻҲǸ񼶱ľˡ
СŮأ׵۹ľ
˵ĻɬѶĻԼϴŵƤȹоܹ
ҪǣСŮֻ꣬СȴһɼΪǿ
Ѱɲˣ֮ǰɭУӦͱСŮСƵС
ѰСŮܰ쵽ģ
ټϸղһս䷢ļΪͻأѰȴԼоǡʿƺҪɱĲԼСŮ
ΪʲôһӵС麣ΪǿߣҪԸһСŮ
ͬһѰвš
֮ڴ˿ѰУ˯еСŮϱȻܣ
ˣôʲôֺԼûϵ
Ѱҡҡͷת߳䣬˳

СŮһΡ
Уڿ񱼣һ춯صɱʱʹ˻
г˱ߡ塣
֪ԼҪӵֹ֪ĻͿܻᱻߡ
˲֪ãŮƺʲôȻŤͷͿһĻ档
һͷʮɸߵĺܣȻ˴ϣҲûվ𣬶ڶ棬һŽ⣬ཡ˶֮ӡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
СŮӿһʹ̲࣬ס
ɾڴʱоһֻưԼᣬķ¶ȣĸ׵Ļ¶龹ƽ
ҪŤͷһ˭
Ҳڴʱˡ
СŮ۾һӣһ峺ĺ¶һĨϧů
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37 ìӰ
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ġ
ѰһɽпġܡԾͷʿɱޣ
ü̧۾Ѱ˵㲻ô˵
ѰæǸҿûв𾴵˼
ʵҲһ죬ȻǱһͷܴģֲõһμʱ˵Ļﶼ˸ӻɬȵȣ
ԣ
ǰ˵ĻɲǷһȫһԡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʿһһȥɱΪܲ𡣡
˵һ峺ڱʯƵоǼᶨ
˵ţڷС
һѰҲǰ˵ôѧģһġ麣ǿ߶Ծ
һ̤ۡУ׵۹ǿߣһ򱻽ʿӦò׵۹еǿߡ
ѰǵãǡʿҪɱĿɲԼǰ
˵һָİԣѰвһƲ⣬ѵʵ׵۹֮ĳط



41 ǳ
Թڴ˯ˣѰͷϣѰıӣ˯ĵȻҲѰĴ
һΪֱӣӲ˵ĻԸҲԵúر
Ψ˯ʱһСŮëһӣ΢ƳýİСϣǴ֮ɫ
Ѱ˯еǷһĨ΢ЦܹᵽСŮԼһֶеͺøУ
Ȼ޷ȷѰѾЩĴԼҲεӰֻһݴδй̤ʵͰȡ
Ҳһϵ
ѰЩѾѾ뵽ԼС

ϥڴϣѰϢ񣬿ʼ
ؾνġת࣬ɹ̱Դһ磬ǡͨϡ
νͨϣ֮ͨѨϣͨѪ㡣
˾֮Ϊٶȷɱ䣬ֹᷭҲһõ
ǰһҵս֮ѰѾԼΪõ˽һ̺ĥֻڿȥò˶þͿٴͻƣ
ʵսĺôѪϴֹսֶΡõΪҲһԹ̡
һ
ѰתѭʮΣֹͣʼڤ롰ѭ֮
ò˵СڤȷޱȣֻСѭ±䡱ҫ󾳽磬ÿһԶưԽǲԽоɲ⡣
ʱѰʶУһƬǿ֮ǿԶǵ׺ֻÿһǳԶңɼ޹⡣
˵ҲʵѰҹҹСڤֱҲû˳롰ѭ֮С
Σÿһβ򣬶Ѱõǿ׳ĺôȷԶ׼ġ

ѰƳʶУеĸ֪Уӳǿеǳ
ܹ֪ǹ족ǹΪɣһǻԴ䣬롰ѭżڡ
һҲСǳ
Ѱ󣬾룬֮䣬·񷣬ǧķɳۣ֪ƣ֪һֱܵȻǣϡ
ɵڤɵ˾֮⣬ɵǺĹǿС
ǳӳ֣ʱѰŷ֣ԭЩǳǹ̶ģŲͬĹ켣ѭ
һֻδƿһУÿһǳѭ켣ͬпգԡ
ȥǿվһ̣Щǳǵ׺ڵӣЩת켣ݺصĵط
Ѱţ֪ţʱƣһ˿Ī״ĸ
ǿΪ̣ǳΪӣ˭µ壿
ң
ѰкȻˣһеĸ֪ٿȻ糱ˮɢǿյһĨ⣬һšǳ
һɲǣǡһֻε֣һӣ
ǳӣˣӱˣʼĲĺ̡

ͬʱͼѰʶУԭ޹ĿԶǿУһģǳȻһƬԣޣʶС
ѰҲһ̶Ȼѣڶܵһ˵ʣƽȪУë׿ţò
ѭ֮
żУ
Ѱܣʱ䣬֮£ʶһǳʵѰϲ
һɲǣ֪ϸٿȻɢ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͽԼסͥԺ֡
ͥԺеһоԶ˺ֵĳԺУҹзĲҶϢУһ۵ĺ¶ӳ¹ҡҷĴ
һж顣
Ǹ֪
һַ
һУֱϣӳġ
һԣҲֻͻ侳̤롰֮󣬲ӵ֪
񣬽ֻؾѰȴѾ쵽һ
һУȻ벻Сڤ֮͡
ֻ롰ѭżӵ֪ⲿ귨ź֮΢
ȷŽ׶ΣѰ֪ܹҸ֪֮ʶһƬҹǳǻʱǡѭԲˡ
Ѱϸһ£ԼҲֻܸ֪ԲʮڵһУԶвˡ
ţ
Ѱ׭׭һͼһǿ֮󣬸Լı仯˭룬۾ʱȴ֣֪ʱСԴԼϣ˯񾲵СϾ¶һ˿
ǣĹһĨǳǳ΢Ц
Ѱ룬СİԴŲߣȴüͷ壬ֹҪȻһѱסѰȡ
ѰʱЦû취Ϊ˲СѾͷĺΣҲֻеٲˡ
ѰԵȴɿŸӭӼڲõġͨؾڶδء
Ҳ֪˶ãѰҲ˯ȥ

һ硣
ѰԺظоȭֱ罬ѪҺڣ֣ͣñľˮϴһ飬һ׸ɾ·æµ
ѰԸоԼʢ׳ʶԶһֻȻһµĸо
ŵƮɢζˣ·У˯ͳԷԶΪҪ飬κεˡ
ŷѰȻһ£ǲ幦
ȻҡͷûС
ѰָűԺӽǱ޴޴ģ
ڵİ
Ѱ
üëѰ죬˵ǲҪ壿
ѰͷҹãǡͨؾڶعΪ塱Ȼйء
Ҵ˴δشΪһ˴Σ֤صѶȼߣʧܵļҲܴ
£ѰȻҪǰ׼һ£ܰԼһȻǸˡ
Ѱźǣ֪ѪİһЩҩ֮⣬Ͳ֪ν塣
ҲרķţѰûУƴҲҵ
ʵо˵侳أʵһ
һС
ڶ׳֫ٺļ硣
㿪֮ء
ĲͨϣѨϡ
ϴ裬ľǽĤ衣
ȼѪѪҺ
߲С͵ڰ˲һǶѪ⡢Ѩϡอ֮صȫ洸
Сǳ
ǸһĴ
ֱھŲ䣬ͬڣҲдʹ֮ɱ䡣
صһдԶΪ˸ߴһʵڽʱ˳
ȻѰؾҪһ;Ļȷڼʱڰ쵽
˼Ƭ̣˵Ҫսɣ
Ѱһ㶣ս
ͷԣԴսͬǴֱӵ;֮һ
ѰȻô֪ģ
гȻ˼ҡҡͷҲ벻֪ô
ѰһҧһΣΣǾ԰ɡ


42 Ű
ԹѰͥԺһյϣһʼɡ
ƾսǴֱЧ;֮һ
ѰҪһԣСѾͷĻǷġ
ŲæѰǰһ֮վãŲæڣ¶һӨźĸ첲
ȻС峺ڱʯӿѰ
Ѱ˵ʵһ߲ŵԼؿڣŽ꣬òȴƯСʵЩ֡
ȻҲս˼ǿ󣬿ܸоô۸һСŮЩŤ
飬ѰһҧָһСХɽ֡˹ȥ

ƾȭ𵴿Ҳֳһƴͻɽζ
ɴ˿ɼѰоȭĴȷ׼ز԰ȭеľ׼ʩչ
һȭҲֱһ̧ƵָסѰǯι̡
Ѱһȴֱһ
һѰ챻Ĳ͵ؾҲݺݵ˵ϣͷɢ˼ܣ۵죬ֹ
ϵʹѰǺȻ֮һ磬Ӧѱѹأ
Ѱᵽȷûж֮ղֻһͽԼˡ
ѰЩǱĿĿûһ˿ӣض档
ȴʱҲ徫µüëɻƿؿ̫ˣɽе
ѰʱɫһڣһĻëСѾͷ˵ԼһͷȲ
ֱǳ衣
䣡
Ѱףָ£ȭһС¡ɱ˹ȥ
һУؼ汸ѰͲŻܱСѾͷˡ
ֻǰһٴαסһһʯƵģݺڵϣס
̫Ǳˣ
Ѱ³ǸվҲֻһʮ꣬ͷɣѪյʱֳ裿

ѰʲôҲˣһٶȳ
һΣ˽ѵ˫ۺȭͷ󹭿ţоȭеġὭ
ƾߣ
ȻһüͻȻǰߣŲ½ٿȻѰߣż꣬žһѰϥǡ
ѰʱоԼľʧȥ֪֮͵һ򣬲Եڵء
ͬʱٶȱסһ
ϤһĻٶȷѰٴʹһӵ涼һ£̳
Ѱʱͷ棬ף·մҳǱ˼¡
۾ʵζӳ£𾪡⡢ɻ󡢷ŭ費һ㡣
ȴƻȻüѰ񾲶İСҲɻ󣺡Ѱȷ̫ˣѵ𣿡
䣡
ԣѰֻһѪţһԵ߷߳һձȫ
Ȼ˵ԼȲһ
Ȼ˵Լ
Ѱ̣۾ɴ󣬴һٶȳȥ
飡
ƲƲ죬Щɺ̧֣һٶȰѰѹء

Ѱ룬֮󣬺ֳ˹
ǿҵĳд̼־ȼȻȴһУҲ׿ֵ
һ̵һꡣ
Ҳһ̣Ѱһʮ꣬ѪзŭҲвʣϲŭɫ
飡
ٴαſ¡

飡

飡
磬嶫ͷѰҵͥԺУһֱ˷Я}ĻţԭܾڴϵһȺȸĶӡ
峤ФѰʱͿѰƵıУݺˤ˵档
ФεʱĿɿڴݺ۾Ϊ˻þ
ɺܿ죬ȷⲻǻþǸƴˮ֮Уȫηݵ꣬ȴһСŮĿȫǣޱȣФζס㱣̫ˣôӡ
Ⱑ
ФδѰھƻͭ飬ɿһĻ֮ȻȻ뿪ˡ
ФθоԼҪ侲һ£ղſĻ̫Ķǣ˻㱡
ֱϦ£ͥԺвŻָյ
Ѱҧűܴˣ֧մҳ·׼õľͰС
ľͰõĸģ޸ǿżΪЧ

ůҩḧԼ˺ۣѰסһһ
ֻǵһʱжʱݺһ鴤ϸֳһĨʵһš
磬ѰԼѹ˶ٴΣÿһζ类̩ɽѹͷɢܡ
ֱʱľҪĴÿһ缡Ѫ⡢Ƕֳظʹ
˵Ҳˣʹ࣬ҧҧ̹ȥ
ΨһѰ޷ܵǣһ磬ֹ˺ܶΣҶǰͬһϣ
ѰʼɣѵԼı
ѰݺҡҡͷɾԲԼһͷ硣
ȥ˯ˡ
Թ߽˷䣬Ŷˣ˯ѻܶģ
ѰһòƿڴҶˣһ㶼ϧң
ѰһЦƵ̾˿ľͰͷҹɫٵ񷣬һʧָ˴ǰ峺䡣
ԺУĬĬڤսÿһϸڶһһúãسС
սַܼ򵥣һץһͰԼܡ
һץβơ
һɸɴ䡣
ϸȴѧʣһץ֮˵ǿ磬׼ȱǡƲӥãѣһУ
Ϳľٶȣ̸϶ֻ޿κ˶԰쵽
ѰݵǡһɸƵģ糱ˮ֮Լȫļݿݺ𵴱ɢͷ㱻ɢܡ
̫ˣ
νƾܰ쵽һģ
Ѱ뵽˳˼С

ҹɫ٣ǵ㣬Զ䡣
ľͰеҩѱһգѰľƣһɨգٳɣһɾ·Ϳʼ׼
սʵнѰƱޱȣɽԶƤˣû˵ǡ
ѰʱҲ޴⣬Ӧˣǲ֪˼ɵ
ãʢʱ̾ͳˡ
Ѱ΢΢һЦһ߸СѾͷʢһڵҴһЩ
Ŷһһֱ۴ϸ޹һ߾׽һ˵ô򵥵飬벻ףɾ̫ˡ
Ѱ
һѰӵвͷųĴһᶨӴ³ĸ֣
ϣܸо͸һ˿Թʣ̧ۿѰһۣԴ˼ܲ׾ȷɣҸѧҸоʺڵ㡣
ѰɫʱСѾͷѵŰԼˣ
ʲôв׾
ʲôб
УԼѵֲĿ
Է
Ѱҧһۣͷһйϣֹһ̸
ҹƽúһԺЩʱܹе


43 ֮
һ硣
ѰԹ֮󣬾˼ƣһվõж־
ûϢ֮󣬾һֱĬĬսɡ
һֽƾսĿΪ˴ǣѰĲҰ֮󣬲ͻȻһֻҪǿķɣͬԵһɱֶΣ
öսѿƿɲˡ
ʼɡ
ɫ񾲣صϹһĨҫʥϢ

ûгɣѰ̤ǰ籼Ƴء
ϸȥһ鼡ţ˷ȫУһĹƴ
Хɽ֣
ȭһζȫͬ򵥡䡢ֱӣ۰żΡ뼹߲һеļĸ˿͵һš
䣡
һȭĦһƱ
ԴɲָһٶȿסѰ󲿣ֻǻȴоѰ󲿼һּٵƵʶʱƵĻ֡
һ˲ָ
ѰһȻֻҪ˼ⷢļɣͿ԰ÿһؽںͽǴշģʹָ
ǰֻΪսʽҲǾҹһ˼ףÿһļǡƤĤؽڣԶ̺ǿֻҪܰͬһתģͿԷӳ˼
ͺñȰսÿһ缡ؽڣֲսеʿֻҪܹͳһָǣΪǿǧ
ѰˣָͻȻţָѰһѰֻһ飬ʱʧȥ֪
һٴαŸ첲һɸƵģݺˤڵ档
Ѱһҧٶȱ塣
ղһָ֮ǡôؽڣõһļϣŻʧȥ֪
Ѱ˼һ㣬ʶٶսʱѿʼСķһ㡣
֮ٶȱſ£
ǰ䲻ġϣһ˫㣬ǰƣֳֺһ෴ײֱӾͰؽж
ɴ䣬ֻһѰഹ£ֱڵأŸеһʹӿ
ͽзֽǣ
ѰؽڽӺãĿзǵûһ˿ܣ¶ʢ־
ղоͰˣɱ֮ǿ̫࣬ѰԼڿٽ

Ѱͺһٶȷֻоȭеʽܣپʽָ鶯ࡣ
飡飡飡
ʱУͥԺٶһ˷ľ
֪ʱͥԺű򿪣һȺСƨԶǴкͯǳĽ֮ġϰʦѰ˿ȴҰܣסԶŴͣ
ѣͲСƨһҪһЩɴʱȴѰֱܱ̫˼
ѰһδڵϣǶеһľǰûǹֱ롣
ûãһȺеĴ塢Ҳŷһɿֲ´ļơ
ͬѰеֳۣı뺷սȴΪ𾪡
֪Ưò˼СŮԭսȻѰҪǿ
⻹һСѾͷ
ΧţѰƤٺҲеΪգҧţһԲȫйսϡ
һģвУһһΰѰſ£飬Ҳһӡ
УһжΪѰһ飬ʲô桢ûָ
ΧãѰһδλͷĵ£ФζЩˣݺݵܴ񣬻ֵûˣǾ͸һȥɽڿȥ
ɢˣŹϣͥԺѰרд衣
ֱҹĻ٣ѰŻ˺ٴľͰУĬĬŰսϸڡ
ֱȥ˯ˡ

졣
УѰ˳ԷǺսȻҩ޸ƣĬĬսϸڣظţƿȴüΪʵ
ʱ䣬ѰϤķɣĵÿһļ⡢ؽڡ֮
Ҳ˼Ϊı仯Ѱɳֳ޳״̬£ÿһ缡ƤĤ类ǧʯ˿ÿһǣԶʯ㱻һĥͶɡ
Ѫǿʢһ
ɣĲʧܣ˾ɥɺôҲԶ׼õѰǵõ˽һĴ͸ơ
һѰܵ顣
ֻʱУдصѪ⡢ȡԼȴһ־˵ٶš
ֹÿ޸ʣѰķˮǴߡ
ڣѰһķܳԵͷѩ߱Լʮȣ
ķѰֻ߲͡
ٶȣ£еѪͻᱻԵһɶȣҲ¼ֲһ¡
ѰҲòʼһ£βʣ
ãЩƴѾʼФεĴ£һͶ뵽ھƻͭС
ջϰٽĿʯǽЩʯʣʮҵƻͭ
ȥԶһһʷƸ
Ѱȹһӣͳǰһˣ˴㷷ƻͭϻвòϵƷԶֵӦܶһܶʡ
Ҳ糿Ѱ֮ȴ֣ⷢӰֻһֽ
ϱббдһ֣Һܿͻ
Ѱĵͬʱд֣뷢ЦֱƵģĲ㶼ϲ
ЩѰЩڵģѿĺԼȴʶ֣ΪԺ룬ѰҲʼд֡
Ȼ˵ܿѰҲͲٵʲô߽пʼ׼緹
Ѱڵ緹ʢʱͥԺŴ򿪣һһͷţëޱ׽ͥԺУҵõ涼һ
Ȼһͷ
˿̱һִ͵ţҲһ͸ֻڵϷߺ˻һɺﾡǷŭ
ͬʱСӰ˽ϴϴ֣ǰʼԷ
ѰһУָȥΪץͷ
˵ͷ˵˷ȥͷɱֻѪս֪ǿʲô̶ˡ
ѰɫЩӣʧˣǲǾ֤һͷˣ
룬ΪȻȷǡ
Ѱһǰֻ˵˵ѣȻץһͷҪԼѿ
ģҿ϶һͷУ
ѰݺݵһۣǰڳԷһɱڵģ


44 
һּΪޣȼյëƤʵ֮ˡ
鱩壬ƥѪŵһؾǿ߶â
ıƢһȣѩ߱ᶼܳƵѱˡ
¡
ͥԺУ⿪ϵͷ͵طһУ̤أ̳ɽӴţһƶСɽݺݳѰ
ǷֱһУ˸ѪĹ
飡
ѰˣӰһָһȭͷ޵Ĳಿȴֻǻ˻ԴͻȻûƵģ͵תƿգѰ
ѰһУܿʵЩȣղһǴǻ侳ؾϣҲöԷԲˡ
ȴûһЧ
¡
Ϊᣬɺ۾ѰӴֱײ
Ѱһ죬ûֻܱܿܺͶԷӲƴһǣʱоһ޴ʯײϣѪһ󷭹ܿƵص˳ȥ
ǿ
Ѱɫһ˿ӰԱŲٿȻǰָ͵һǯסһֱ֧ۼţ͵һᣡ
ǧ֮صţӲ
ȻѰ۰⳱ˮ㼫ȫ󲿣Ȼݺһ
¡
ͷӴɸƵĲǶѰݺڵϣʱѿһӡ
һѰѧһ֮䣬糱ˮɢ԰ѶԷɢһЩอ
ɻѰüˣ˻Σһɺӱƥ͸ޱȵ׹⣬ٶȳѰ
Ѱʱɴ۾ǿ
һܣһ߹۲죬ȷûܵһˣײ
ɣСͥԺкֱײһ̳涼̤ѷ졣
Աѹ󣬹һײֻ¾ͻѰҵéȫٵ
󣡡
ѰѪţҲŭˣɾԲԼһͷ򲻹ĻԺǰĻ̧ͷ
飡
Ѱܣǰ壬˫һչٿȻͳײһ˫߬סԷһӲס˶Է
˻Էŭ֮㷢ŤͼſѰ˫ۡ
ɾڴʱѰ˫͵طһֻӲŤϣѪע۵˻𣬲Ѱɳȥ
ȴʱѰӰһ˫סԷȲؽڣݺһŤһǰȹؽڱж͵غȻ¡
⻹꣬Ѱץסᣬ編ƣ֮䣬ͽ֫ؽȫжõʧȥ֧ţֻڵϲҽ˻
ˣѰվ֣һ
űƷȻƣѣȴӿһĨԺ
֮ǰԼǸļһȴѾԽƾѹһͷʵؾߵޣ־޴ı仯Ѱɿܲܡ
ܹ쵽һУҹ޿֮⣬İ
ǺĲսõѰһǿ󣬻ƤĤ֣ը
ͬʱͨЩսѰսľϣѾȫÿһط
ûƺҲԺؾһˡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ
ߺ޲һӵװҪӵսǻۺ;飬һͷɱȡ
ʶҪƾһλؾߣ϶˼ˡ
˹۵Сͷһģ߶ʱ׻㣬ʹȥ
Ѱ˵ǿͷǿһЩ
Ѱԭŵһ˿ԺʱʧЩεʼ磬ЦͲܿң
ü˼ֵÿ޵ĵط𣿡
Ѱʱ

ԷʱѰһ⣺ȣֻʺϽɱǿƺҲרõǿ󡣡
ԣһ仰Ҳû˵ָ絶һ
ͣ
һĨаӳʮһش֦ն䡣
Ѱʱס
ڷС
ð죬Ѱɫӵ㡭ģ
ղſǿһһûһ˿ȫ۶
֮ʵ֤ﵽһֲֿĸ߶֮ȫԴơɱļ
Ѱ֪Ҳֻ̤֮󣬲ţɱСĵز
ɴ˶ԱȣƾͿԸշԵòˡ
ɻ쵽һѽҼµʱͻˡ
Ѱûбˣͨ⼸Ĺ۲죬̫಻˼ĵطֱʹ˵С֪֮Ҳûʲôˣ
˭һСӵ˿ֲս
Ѱ˼ãշٸʵ׵Ĵ㣬սɵ֡
սļɣٲȻͬһ㣬Ӧƾվͳֵġ
ҡͷû֡
ѰһЦǾȡ֡
ĲɵŶһ
ѰȴԵ²˼ȥɴСֽɣ
Щ죬Ѿɱļɣһ֮²֮˫۽ɱ֮֮ȵȡ
Щɣ޲Ǽ򵥡ֱӡ䣬רԵ˵ҪǡƷֽǣ˵Ǻ
Ƶĵ˵ͷȴûдѰ顣
٩٩̸ⲿдƣţƾ˵ǻۣⲿ϶ԽԽԺ˵£ʷ
·ûԹԳԷ
Ѱ˵ã˸ͣʱоȤҡҡͷˣ²Ժ˵ҲС
ʱȻ̧ͷѰ˵ǰЩ첻˵Ҫȥô
Ѱͷţ˳Ļ֮ͿԳˡ
֮ô˵ΪѰ㣬ͨؾڶδʱͻ٣ǰ֮ǰȻҪ½ˡ
ЩѰҲһЩţԴͨؾڶҲ˸ڴ
뵽⣬Ѱ͵ʶʲôʲô
Щ᲻á
û£ҺܿͻѰһůСѾͷȻЩ첻ϴԼɻġ
һ̣ҡͷ˵ֻ룬ͻȻ뿪ˣ˭ԡ
Ѱʱɫһͣԭ᲻Щ
ݺ˵ģˣҲ϶ῴ㱻
Ŷһɫ񾲣Ǿͺá
˵ţֿʼǷˡ
ͬʱھƴʮ֮һƬɽϿգٿȻһҫ硣



45 İ
ӿգѤƥ
ִһƬɽϿգȻֹΪһΧķ̺
˷̺׭ŷܵͼʣƵģʱʱ̶̿Ƿ
̺һֵΪķɶ
ʱһһŮڷ̺ϡ
ӣΪͣŮɻһϮȹ֫ϸˣһƯĹüֱüҼȴһ絶ķϢ
һ̵Ұõ壬ޡȴ̡
жٳǵĴһϳŮ˱šõ塱֮ƵĻգ
ͬʱҲǶٳǵһ̻ᡰʯիĸˡ
ʯի׵۹ָ̻֮һ鲼£׵۹ĽзֲֻᣬǸɵй
ʯիĻϰ塰ʯ񡱿һλ۹ӵеĲƸһ֣۹ȨĻҳԱֻĽ
Ļһ䡰õ塱ܹΪڶٳеʯիֶ渺ˣ֪ҲǸ֮
ɾһˣ˿ȴԴ˳ǣԴǿ֮͸һ˿ӾĽζ
ûӦǰãһսӸָ·
˰ظߴ˫ɽبؼ䣬һɳԨϢ
ǣ͸˸ɽֹѹȸУԵޱȡ
սĻһϸȥȻͷ֣·һƬɽܹµĻ¶Ŀĵսۼ
ӺĻȻ̾
ַлӵӸͲ⣬Թ˵Ҳ²ⲻǵ۶елϾųˣֻĶȴЩѰζ
лϾţ
ĻԺһظֳһۣеӰ
ʱԾǸڵ۹ȵ𣬱ΪСлҾү
лã˭ܹʩչ⡮ݺὣⲿɴŽֻһƪɼˣҲӵžأɱĿ
һ̸ѧһĨʢâֻźһǿԳô˻ʶһݺὣ
¶һĨϧ
ĻȴǲȻλСлá
׵۹Ϊ۶ġϽǡУһΪӣ
ڵ۹ֿȣӵϲŷȨ󣬼̾С
лңǵ۹һǧңһֱ̾С
ΪлҵĺᣬСлñ󣬴һһţȥɹ洫ġݺὣ֮һʱ䶯Ͻǣȵ
Ҫ֪⡰ݺὣлҴ񣬿н궼δܹˣ
ĻϽ֮ˣΪʯիһλˣȻҲ˵£ʶ˿вŻ𺳡
ô˵лҾү֮ǰѾǧɽˣ
Ļջָ侲֮󣬺ܿʶĹؼ
Ȼˡ
ӵ˵ͷϽ˭̨֪۲⵽ǧɽгһ콵󣬴˵оرлֻҲΪ˶
˵ţüֻǺ棬лþ˭ڴս
Ļ룬óһͼһϣָԶ˵˵ʮĵطһƴĴӣǿȥ̽һ
ȻȻܾ
ĻЦǳǰ̽йǧɽϢҲż֪﷢һСƻͭ
һ˵ţ·̺Զȥ
·ϣĻհƴһǴӻȻ׹
Ƭ̺˳ƴϿա
ֲЩԴԭǿӿ·һƬƬ˼
Ŀһ٣ָŴӶ˵Ӧס֮ˣߣȥ

ĺʱ֣Ѱ׼ŨһӨӨ׷
ѰͥԺµǰרĳԷ
롰ͨؾĴʱֻʣ죬ѰѲٴҪʱ䣬úΪ׼
Ѿ°ѡֽܽһ£𡯡ʡꡯϣȻֻǳԺгսܣͻⲿսһơ
Ѱһ߳ţһ߷ɿܡ
Ҳ֪ûУר־ĳԷ·Ѱ˵Ļûеķ
ѰƺҲԹԵ˵ţѧϰܽᣬѰС¹ɵһϰߡ
Ϊ¹ӲȥʲôκջҪѰԼȥѧϰܽᡣ
Ȼһͬȴһġ
˵ţͻȻͣ¿ӣСԶ񷣬ʯһĨء
ˡ
Ѱһݣһ£Ǵоǰɲ˷Ӧ
ֻ֤һ㣬ƴ壡
Է
Ѱ룬ǾԲӦ䡣
Ŷһ͵ͷԷ
㡣
Ƭ̣һظߴӰŶ룬ߣһȹŮӡǡӡĻա
ĿǽϹŵġ⡱ƤһɨͥԺʯǰСŮϡ
λǣ
Ѱʵ򰵰ԾһһŮϢԨɲ⣬ǼΪǿĴڡ
ֻǣѰܵһѹ
Ŷֻ·
˵ţʯǰͷϵ⣬ɽƻȿʵḻܾûгˣֲô㡣
Ѱ۾ȻЦȻˣ⣬ƷƷ
ҾͲˡЦЦùһ˫ӣʹȷһ㶼ģֱԼһ
һĻն΢΢һƺȻû뵽ӾЩ˸Ȥ
ݣʲôɽ亣ζûԹ
Ļղ⣬ƳһѰԷֻһӵؾ꣬
ѰȻҲһһŮǰĿģɿ˽֮󣬲û¶ʲôͼҲ԰
ûԷ֮ǰɲɾ衣
ȥ˯ˡȻԹŤͷߡ
֪ʱѾñӸסգûĻյĹע⣬ֻѰá
ΨӲƳһıӰƺʲôüͷײ壬ҡҡͷһ׽š
ѰһСϸڿ۵ףûʲôرķӦҲǰһ
СֵܣҪҪһЦѰв֪ʱóһƣ˵ľ硣
ҲˡѰЦǰ£һȻģ
ԱߵĻռˣ࿴ѰһۣһĨɫܹڴǰ򶨵Ŀ޼
ο⻹һƧеˣǾԵټˡ


46 ļ
ȻЩѰֳ򶨣ɵóľƺʱĻȴɫ΢΢һ䡣
ӡ
ĻսסüҼ両һĨ
ް
ӻֹ֣Ļ˵ƺѰһ
ֻǾƽְɫ㾧Ө͸ɢһɵӵķ㣬Ƣ
ѰⱭƣ۾þƣ
ղŰĻյı龡۵ףѲ³˾ҪôǾ綾֮ҪôǼֵ֮ϡ
ѰߵĿӦøһЩϾһһŮɱԼƾ¶ĿɲϢͲضһ١
˵ţѰٱһ۾һ
˾֮紺࣬͸ůɢȫ֫ٺ
һ֮䣬Ѱ͸о𽥷ڣ𽥱ͣת·ڻź
Ѱס̾һȻǺþƣ
Ѱ˸ɴƣȻȣõôҲȻһۣЦ˾ļ¹ѧԺ칤÷ʦƣһƴǱҹϸһ֡
˵ţΪѰһƣٳڶ
ѰҲٱֻ¡һ£Ⱥ̣ԼУջǵıҴܣõѰһ£緺죬˲ϢһƬΡ
Ǹоգ¯ĻϢͨڣÿһѨë׶籡Ȼ
ѰŴͣͷͬһƣֲһĶطζ¹ѧԺ÷ʦȷ˲õƴʦ
ԣԱߵĻнסһСӼֱ֪÷ʦεǿǵ۹һһҩʦ
һļ𡱣ڵ۶ϽжǧıǶȨò
ĻΪٳʯիĸˣҲһλˣҲһļζ
񣬴ȴô˾дһƧе꣬Ļ֮࣬ҲۣС֪֪Ǻõòˡ
Ļյ˼û֪ӹһЦѰ˵ڶǡĸһ֡
˿ѰǺͮͮգСֵܣܷµƣ
ѰȷоԴЩ£Ϊʤǽ¶ǣȻ䱩ǣСͻȻӿɽ飬ҪƲס
ȻνġļơһƣһǼΪ󺱼ƣ
ѰǿתΪΪʹڲϱǵѭŬеҩ
ͬʱЦȻļƣıƣǿɾ̫ϧˡ
СӺòҪ
ĻհԸ̣ѿѰȻᵽˡļ𡱵ĺô˵Ӧûϻ̳ϿֵƴǣϾⶫ˰󣬻˭ĺ˼ȥ
Сӵãһôߵģ
ͬѰƬ̣ʵСֵʵЩ⣬Ѱ侳ߣµһƣͻأ޷еȻЩ˲һ
Ѱ룬գڳҲúҵȷܺȾưɡ
ЦЦѰ˵ƣȻָͥԺܹŵƤЩ޶Сֵɱģ
ѰҡͷǣǰЩԶһƬɽһսЩ޴඼ʱ򱻲ǱҼһˡ
ս
ӺĻյһ
Ѱ˿̾˰㣬Թ˵λ֪һս˫ɶ麣ǿߣһ̤У罣ɡ
Ȼлã
һ仰ôӺĻȷһжϡ
Ķ˭
Ļ̲סʵ
񡭡Сʿ
Ѱü˼Ƭ̣Ҳǲˡ
˵ţµƣһξζȴˬչϪˮһ֮УƵ＾һƬɪ
䣡
緢ĻɽХڣݣ¡¡ˢ磬񱩡
¾ѨвϴԶסǵơ
̬ƽȥֻ·ɲ޸˺
Ѱһҧٶ룬һϥأǲܲ˿ʼˣ
ַٶûǴӺĻ̫ȣѰ˿̵ıֲġ
Ҫ֪⡰ļ𡱿רΪΪϵƣ̺żΪӴѰΪһؾܹ꣬ƣѾǷ˼ˡ
ʱעѰеġʿ
ȻкڰͥǿҲǧɽˣĪҲ̽йءرϢ
üüһƬɱ
ڰͥڶĵ׵۹У
Ȼл˵Ͳдֻû뵽ʱǧ꣬ڰֿͥʼˡ
Ļ죬иһĨǡ
˵ֻǺ棬лþҵԵġرûС
âܡ
Ļȴ֪̫ˣҵлñһʣһƲⶼס
ȻҲһ㣬ʱҡҡͷĿ⿴һڵ˹Ѱ
ĻĿҲ˹ȥסʵӣΪҪļȱдˣδ̫˷ˡ
ҡͷʾض˵
ˣĻɻȴʡ
յʱ
ԴѰ۾Ȼ̶ʱڣѷ仯֮һȻ֮⣬ǡƷâʡ
ڣ񾫴ѨϣӡѨšࡱ֮ѭһܣع龭С
֮һѨ֮УоâתõѪҲ֮Ӧȡ
ؾͨϡ
νͨѪ㣬ִ˾ٶȷһɱ䡣
ϲСֵ֮·һ
ЦŹ֡
Ѱæ˹Ӵ;ƣɿ»˸Ե
ӹһЦֵؿССһƶѣ
ѰȻ
һν̫żȻҲеЩ벻֣ϸȴ֪ԼѾ֪䣬Ƿ˶Էһ顣
Ѱɲ˵˭֪ԷĻģԺлỹ˾ǣûᣬǾֻû
ѰɲֹŰִ֮ˣҲΪǷһжΪԷˡ
Ѱ󷽷ݣĻյҲ߿һۣ˵ô˽ᣬ˭ܱжȵ̬
ʵҴ˴ǰǧɽΪѰһر˵ڽǰ˵콵֪Сֵ֪£
˵ţְѰ˵ıơ
ǵˡ
ѰҡͷʲôҶȻǵ˼ȥʵ벻ʲôˣҲ֤һ㡣
Ŷһ˼
ĻüλС磬ȷ
Ѱش𣬴Ѿֵˣضʣ
ĻЩݺݵѰһۣСӺļ𣬲֪жµҲˣȴһмֵ˵ʵա
ֻҲ֪ѰƧ꣬Ҳ֪йءرˡ
ڴʱͥԺűƿ峤Ф˳Ϣǽջ㡭
Ȼֹ
Ф͵ؿͥԺгѰ֮⣬İڣɫ΢΢һ䡣


47 
Фĺܲɡ
ѰһͷФһڴʱѰҲһ˿š
ΪЩԱһ޴òװŵľھƻͭʯ
ΪѰͷ۵ǣСƨҲ˹иһյƻͭʯҲβˡ
Ѱͷ˸ȴѾӭȥЦФЩ°ɡ
ФͷֽжֱӾͺͥԺһһŮİˡ
ҲЩԣɻ󣬵ȴû˶ʣСƨ˽ס˵
ѰФʹһɫᣬһڴҴҶȥ
ƻͭʯ
ĿһУĻʱſڵ˵һСͿѱ𣿡
λ֪ҲǰЩⴳһŷԭһûбֵĿ
Ѱס̹Ȼ͵
һʲСĲƸ
ĻմĿѰһۡ
ԱߵĴҲΪȻޡټƻͭʯǴҲе
ѰʼЦ֪ƴԶǧɽ䶼ǧأ˵ӵһЩʯȺҪһΪƸʵס
ЦЦһ۾ͿѰڵȾָЩƸҲƣ⵹ȷһ⡣
Ѱ̾Ϣɲ
һóһƣֶѰһ̻ʯիҪһʣŴǰ
ӣ򲻿ɣ
Ļһ֮̫أˣ
Ѱԭƴһ£ɿһĻסһָȴץơ
ҲûãͳȥοʯͳȥĶɻջصĵ
ӵȻ˵Դƽȴ͸һɰ֮
ĻأԽƣ⡭
ӻֵôˣĪҪ˵תͷѰСֵܣڴ˱ԵгһǰϽʱʯիңǡ
˵գתȥ
ĻռˣвʵƳһѰеƣȻֶݺݵѰһۣͼѰ
ѰȴȻ㣬ͲתͷһׯصسԶĴ˵ӽ֮ձб𡣡
ˣĻ֪⡰޳ܡѾҪ´ʱҧ˵СӣԺٸˣ
Ѱʱ¶ϻ̳Ͽֵη飬ȴʮ㣺λ㣬ҪʲôˣѵǸղչ˲ܣô
˻һĻհҪ㡣
ȻԶܿ˴ӵСֵĪգڸ㿪Цգ߰ɡ
Ļգû뵽ǰȻ޳ܵز
ţȴһЦȻģһﲨתε˵С磬Ҽǵ붫ٳǲԶлǿ϶ٴμӴ
˵ţȹҡҷƮȻȥ
ģлҿ϶ȥٳǿģʱһ۸ܵͷϣҳͷأ
ѰЦ˵
߳ĻӰһͣѰ޳ܼ黫ģסͺ޵
СӣȻҽҽ㣬Ժл㳢ҵֶΣ
ĻոţҴҶȥٲ뿪浣Լ̲סȥǿɶСһ١
ʵڲĻСʯһƷжأŵĲֻݣȨ
ȴʯֶһ꣬Ļβż
ɸˮգĻҲֻˡ

Ŀ뿪ѰԭãֱһĨƿնȥųһɢ˼ƵС
ղһУƽ޲ѰȴоһɱҪۡ
ǴʯǱաŮˣԶǼΪĽɫֻΪΪ£Ǻ
һѰʱʱ̶̿ңһ˿Ĵ⡣
Ȼ˿һжȥˣѰȴͬżɻ
ǴʯӦһݵǿߣĿҲܺƲ⣬ȻΪνġر
ؼѰƲⲻʯ˵ġ콵󡱷ʱ䣬ǡڽǰʱԼƽˡͨؾܵ죡
Ƿʲô
ѰԣȴԲѴ¸κˡ
ֻѰɻǣʯˣƺΪѯһóļȱĶдԼ뿪ʱ͸Լһƣ
ΪʲôҪô
Ѱɲϵڱ飬УҲԲԼͷϡ
ֻ˼ȥѰҲԴ⵽ʯ˼ֻգֻҪԷûб¶⣬㹻ˡ
ʯϻһƣǡļ𡱵ġ֮ơѰùһֻһɳǵıƵĴʺΪϸСӿȫõסһ¡
Ƶȷ˲
ͬһȴֲͬζл̲żΪֲѰΪҲֻеʣ󲿷ѹڴ
ǲǾԵĺ£һ̫죬ȣԺн
Ѱ׷ǡˮ磬Բȱ״̬иĴ
ɲϣһζ׷ٽԼ·ԽԽխǾԵľ㣬òʧˡ
ͬʱԶԶĲ֮£һ̺Ʋмۡ
ӣղΪҪô
ûˣĻ̲סʳбŵɻ
֪̲סʡ
ʯ˫ָظߴӰɽ㲻ɺ˵ֻѪ𣿡
Ļܳʵҡҡͷ
ҵȷԵ֡
ʯȻ˵Ӻܴһ䣬ѵõǣڴȴûһ˿ӵеĽǵˣĵǡǡӦҲͣѰɱȣƴСطעסġ
ĻЦҿһ޳ܼ黫С˵ô㡣
ʯЦЦĿƽԶɽ㲻ģһˣֻҪһᣬͻᱬҫƥĹԣ˵Щ磬ߣԺ֪ˡ
Ļոû뵽ӾһҰ֮ߣɫҲ
ϸ룬ͻȻѰУٵм䷢һĻĻ飬ֻѰֳȡԴǣȷһҰܹӵеġ
Ļһ뵽ʱѰ¶ġ黫ģͺѰ굱һǱĽ֮ܳ
Ļ̾ϢֻСӿɲģ̫֮ˡ
ʯǷһĨɹȻһЩһûôƶѣʲôԺǲңҲνһһҸж£
ĻպԥȻᣡ
Цʯ˭
ǡʯիĻϰ塰ʯ񡱵ϥ³ӣڵ۶ϽһУһһҫ
ҪǣʯһλԺ͡Слһµ麣ǿߣ
ʯԣղһУֻ˳ֶΪһԵְˡ
ϵ飬ǧٹ֣ټ٣ʵʵЩ࣬Ҳȷܼ򵥣ûǰ㸴ӡ


48 ս
Ѱǰϸ鿴
һƶɣ׭һܵͼгġ
Ʒ棬׭̽֡ʯի
Ѱ²ⲻͼӦһʯիĶб־
˴ǿԽ鷳
ѰСİѴ봢ָԺѿʼ˼ǰһʵ顣
ǰЩ죬ҩдִ¡ˮУѰƲ⣬ԷȻưոݡ
ӵ⡰ʯիƣҪҩеͿԴ֡
ΣվҪǰһ˵ġ
ѰĿо˼֮ɫ
䣬ǧɽо붫ٳһطմ峤Фԣ￰һĳ
Ϊ˽ƴԺ⣬ΪԼԺУѰƱҪǰһ⡣
ڴ֮ǰѰһҪͨؾƴڶعأ

ҹ˯߳䣬ѰڳæµӰĬܾò˵Ѱøǿ󡣡
Ѱһֽİ⿺õķһһ˳Ȼһ˵Ϊʲô룿
Ϊʲô
Сɫһǰǰ񾲣һڵȴֳһǰδеļᶨ
ѰĬƬ̣췢飬ԼһЩһһŮǻˡ
ҡͷҲ֪ʲôк˻ˣֻ֪ǿ˵ʱ򣬾ͻúܱҲϲֱ
Ѱͷˡ
ȷˣۻܼ򵥣һ񶴲ԼҪʲô
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ͬʱççǧɽĲͬУ޵ľ˻ҲǰѰ١رĶע⡣
лҾүСлãʯիʯȵȡ
һעƽˡ
ѰˣЩΪһرԶǧɽе߶ԣҲͬˡ
ֻѰ֪ûãѱյýľ̿ʬͱ֣һȻ󲨡
ǵ۹ʡ󶼶ĳӣ
˭ǵ۹֪һλ쾳ǿߣ۹нҲƵǺպ
һѪ£۹ʡʮ꣬պգۺޱȡ
ǧɽУΪ丸ܰݣ



52 ͭ
ֱɫʱһҹҲܲסһ̱ڵϼٴϢ
ѰһأŻ罬вһֻ˱ӣȴۻ˿ʵЩԲס
֣Բסˡ
ѰóһЩģԷھ׽ĻϲģѰ΢΢һЦ
һޣֻҪѱ֮ͻüΪѱԺƴ֮䱼Բû
ѰҲһطЪϢó㽬һڣóһϰ
һĴϲֹ׭žܵƣǶһſϸʯһݻ
ѰЩװ֮δ⻪ʵĻԲһҫֻۣ˵ǡ
ֽ򿪣ڴռʱֳֻѰǣټĿռУֻһһ߼ͭ䣬֮⣬Ʒ
Ѱ΢΢ʧ֮࣬Ŀⲻͭϡ
ֳһ³Ĺ׾֮ɫĽǷֱӡơɽˮޡͼܣһصͼϣͷųɬļµϢ
ƺһרӡͼ󡣡
ѰһĨ죬Ƶ֪Ȼ޷жϳЩͼãϢȴ¿ԿӦһַӡ
ͼֻʦ׭̳˭Ϊһͭ䣬ϧķ˴׭һרӡͼ
δ̫ˣ
ɴ˵ǿжϣͭȻΪ˷ӡһЩ֮ı졣
뵽⣬Ѱһһ֪ݲ򵥣һ˽ҹͷɫ޷׷ɱĪǾΪһͭڷӡĶŵһз
ͭоʲô
Ѱ̽Ƭ̺󲻽һͭ俪ڴһΪɲƽƣ
νƽƣǷõܹƽƵģšƴʦƺŵǿ
ƴʦǱʦҪĳȻ
һͭ䣬׭רӡͼڿڴ׭һƽƣͭļֵƵһ޷ľ֣
ʱͭڷӡıʲô
ϧѰû취ƽƵĴڣ˵ǻһƴʦǰ֪ƽеأҲ޼ƿʩ
ˣԺлٴҲ١
Ѱ˼ãηһƿأֻѧͽһЩһϸʦ˵Ϊƴʦˡ
ҪΪһʦı׼Ҳܼ򵥣׭һͼ󣬲ͼɲô׭̵ģûΪѰ쵽һ
ԭϣ侳ߵ֪֧һͼ׭̡
Ȼһ϶ԣϻһЩڵġ
Ѱ֪¹һƺ˵𣬵ؾʱͿ׭һͼΪ˵ʱʦ֮һ
Ȼ¹԰쵽ѰֻҪԼŬҲһ԰쵽һ
ҵ˼Ѱһͭ˳
䣡
Ծǣͭ侹ǳޱȣ֮һóӲڵҳһ
ԽѰ϶϶ӡĳ˲õı
ûгɣͭŲƽԼĴָУųһ
ϢһʱѻָѰһ·ٶ̸·
һ·ϵûʲôշ粨·һɽʱѰͣһ˹۽С
ѰɲѴϣǶ鱦ûжһôҲΪ˷ֹʲô󻼡
󣬿ɱϾ֮ѱϱ߲һЩеϢһ֣ǾǺ


ƽԭ
һƬֲǧɽеƽԭ滷ɽͨ׵۹ϱﶫٳǡ
һɽʶ£ƽԭڣȳһƬƬʢ
̾ƽԭϡ
׷ʷԭһɽ˲䣬ֻ׵۹뵽˵۹ڣֱѼܹ˺ᡣ
˵ǲ䣬ʵ˵һ׵۹ͬٳǺǧɽ֮һŦҪ
ǧɽʢƤëǡҩĵȻ󶼻䣬붫ٳС
ͬΪλõԣԵ۹̻ᣬԼǰǧɽð̽ߣҲѡΪŵ㡣
ˣյķ
ǰʮ֣ϼ
һƥŷ糾ǰ
Ϊ˵ɽϮܽԶ޽˶غߴĳǽϱǽԶһţԹ
ƥ߽פڳĻſϳһʮĻ꣬ϱ߻һһ˶ߵƤ
öͭҡ
һǰ
õġ
ѰЦöͭǮ˹ȥ
˵ͷͻַУѰȥ
ӣʲôɭϵ򣬾һʱ֮أÿ춼׳֣Ҳʧ
˭һϾ׵۹ķǧɽڵԶԶ磬Ե̫󣬲һΣգʱʱ̶̿Ҫɽ޵Ϯ
ܿ죬Ѱǣ߽ţʧĽֵϡ
ȥеƹƴˣѸղſһжʵ
Ѱ뿪ԭͭҵĻȻ֣һĺӣԸһ䡣
ϡ
Ǻӵ˵ͷתʹҴҶȥ
еô죬ȴֻһˣҪ֪ˮϢֻµôˡ
˼ҡҡͷЩɺ޹أֻǸͨһЩϢѡ
Ѱ֪սʱͱ˰иϣʱһĽֵȺǰС
˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֡
Ƥǿ׳๤һһЩ̷ΧڽֵඵһЩɽزҩҲƤʯһƷ
ʱܿһл̼֣޳ڽֵп񱼣ҲбߣɫҴҵĴȺС
ֵ࣬۴αȵʯݽ¥ҩ̡Сջ̻ᡢ¥廨ţӦоС
νȸСȫ䲻󣬿ʤֶ֣ɫɫȺУһľ
⻹Ѱôһν̾ۼķҲЩӣмк棬Ҳ̾һ㡣
ڿɽ󣬽׵۹ĵһطƶƫԶƴ壬ѰгǸվֻһʮַ꣬һʱҲЩ㱡
һ䶼ַ׵۹ĳУָǺεһʢ


53 ѻջ
ŽֵⲽеѰҲһ·вĿԶԼɨӹЩһ˿ڲزס̰
ѰԼһ޴Ƥڴȷ̫ۣḻ֣ƾĿܿвʲôֻñһᣬ֪ЩʲôɫֵΡ
ټԼһһƥȻסĳЩ˵Ŀš
ԶȺͻȻһ궯ΧۣѰִʱͿһƤӶܣһһԴѪˮޱȡ
ˣΧ˷ǵȲһֲ´ļơ
͵ӵĶֱǲ֪ޣ
𳤵ݺɨ˵ʬһۣʹҡ뿪
ǵɱˣ
ȴûȥֹȻϰķ
ûãͿӰҴҰͷʬߣƬ̶ѣֵָֻ֮ǰ֣·ղɱһĻû
ˣѰ۾Ѵ¿иûйؿԣҪ㣬ǿǱزȱһ
ǰûãѰ˵ɱƺΪһܿͱһλ·ַֹֹҲֱֱܴӳɱˣѪʵסˣ˲Ϣͻһִ
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ѰͻȻһѺڿɽеͽĻʱף˻塣
УǷ±ڲصһ̰Ŀ⣬Ѱ˲仰˼
ѰҲη壬һ·ǰУѾжϳЩͨˣߵĿԺ٣Ҵ඼侳ǻܹߵӰ
˵ͼıԼĻѰҲԷһĽѵ
ֻźǣѰƺһ·²˲̰ŵĿ⣬Ҳûܳ¡
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ջһ¥а˿ԵüΪ֣ӰгԷƣ죬ԵΪӡ
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ѰʱĿ¶ε̰
Ҳһ˶ʶȤջĿ⣬һʮ꣬һٽصƤڴԵúĿֻҪɵ֪ӦǸݽɫ
סꣿ
ڹ̨ߵĶ۾޺Ĳʵ
סꡣ
ѰЦŵ˵ͷ
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۾޺ƳһѰ䣬ٺЦ
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á
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룬ֲһ䣺Ǻܲǡ
ФɫãòſЦˡת뿪
۾޺۾Ф߳ջѾ˵Ƿףͺ޹ˡ
Ǿ޺Ʊɫľƽ૵ɲ̫ƽ

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Ϊһָ֮һгƵǲƴ֣䱳ϰ壬˵ǵ۹ٳеĳλ
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Ѱһ߽ڷĴ̽һ£ûʲô֮ŰŵƤ˴ָ
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ΪˮоԲưոݣ䱻ǰƴ鷳аѴ¸ˡ
ҲΪѰҡԭ򣬾ΪвǵעԼϡ
ôȻΣգѰ˴㣬ǲ˶š
Ѱ˼µʱѾҹɫ߽ѻջ


54 蹷
˽ѻջڹ̨󷽵Ķ۾޺һ۾Ŀ⿴Ϊ׵꣬ɫһĨײԹ
Ϊ˫һƤۣɢһɭȻϢ
ܣʲô
۾޺
˿̣ǴеյȻ޴棬ϵʳͺ;ƹԶ¶һĨȻΪɵܵꡣ
У蹷ܡºҲΪУ̣ɱɿ
Щеϰ֮ڣ˲֪ˣΪУңڡ
ѻջϰ۾޺һֻ۾ǰӲָ˳
һЦ϶ۣùԹԵţֻҪһˡ
˵ţŤͷһˣСĸ䣿
¥Ͻǣ
ߡ
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Ȼ򵥣ֻ蹷ֻ׶༪ˡ
Ǿ޺һƣ̾ѡ
蹷ܣӵؾΪ䲻㶥⣬УټɱĽԶһЩѰ֮ȥЩҲûô
һ¥еʳȻҲʶ蹷ƺҪԸһİ׵꣬סԶ
ҿİԵһν䣬ŵľ޴ˮ㣬ֻǿϧˣαķ蹷ϣĻлᡣ
ϧǴѰɣҸղſɿһֱֻС򣬴һᶯأ
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Фӣôֻˣ
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Ф˵ģ۾޺ɫù죬˿ɶеѪĺݽɫ
ڷ蹷ܣ˻ǲԶˡ
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Фɫһ䣺˭ôȱ£
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𣬳һӻ
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Ȼܵ£
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飡
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Ѱ˼ĿԱФһۣЦѣǣˡ
ФһͷһһƬˮգȼҲʪģסգܣֱ޲طȥ
ѰѾˣеպܿɢʱ˿Фӵ״סôЦФӾȻˣ
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ֻϣλԻΪİɡ
۾޺̾˿ѰɱܣڼӰ֮ȻϣѰиˡ
ֻǿϧ۾޺ֻѻˡ

û뵽ǾȻؽɴڽҹǰжˣҲֻܸıƻҹɫǰʯիһˡ
ѰǣҹɫеĽֵϣ㡣
ɱ˷蹷ܣѳװһг޶ۼԼϣҲѰҪġ
ԩͷծȻˮƴҪȾָƴһУôע޷ˡ
ѰɲῴΪˮһŭйƴͷϡ
ֻѰû뵽ǣԷж֮죬õѰҲֻʱıƻ
Լ뿪ѻջһ̣йط蹷ܱɱϢȻٶȴС
ԣ½һ£ΣյֻԼ



55 ɲ
ҹɫеƻͨ䲻췱ֵˡ
ʯիλռʮĶʯɵĽֺ¥ߣڸһڽȺкȺļƣԵ쳣Ŀ
ѰִʱͷʯիûдȹţΪ֣޳ͣڸܹߵӰ
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ʯիΪûʣռ伫һųİʯ̨Уǲͬ򣬷ֱҩġװȵбƷ
ߴڿм䣬̬ȱ񣬲ԡ
ҲһЩɢܣһϢƳӵص֮Ϊڴų̀󷽵һߣɷ֮磬һڣ
һԵʯիۺ֮
ѰĬĬһУҲǾ̾ѣ֪ʯի׵۹УһһĶ̻ᣬҲ֪ʯիϰšʯ֮Ƶһλ
ȴϸпʯիȷѰ̻ɱȡ
ӭһߣһѯʣͰѰһĶһУһƬԵ徲٣ֻɢɢʮӰ
ʹҪʲôƷ
һǰЦʵûΪѰС߷Ҳûж飬ֻ̬㲻䲻ȣȫ
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ΪĻտлüȻǰǧɽƱػͬѡΪʱ֮ء
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Ϣ˵۹ʡ󶼶ϥ³ɥڴ֣֮
һϢһȻ󲨡
ĻϣһҪȥһһͷ޵䡣
ȻĻǣϣʯիƹһЩ飬ȻֿǸ޵޳ܼ黫꣡
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С쵰Ҳн죿
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⣬ѰҲԼһЩ׭ͼīֱַԼһЩ·
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58 ۹
ѰʯիʱһʮöĴͷЩҩīϡ
Ҳû취еƷԶֵΪ߰ͨ˸ͳܲ
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ԺֻҪʯի䣬ֻҪѰţͲ˭һԼˡ
ңʯիɽҲԱ֤˲ȾָƴĲƸ
Ѧ԰Ѱ͵⣬һ·˲Ŀע⣬ϳʯիʱԶĬջĿ⡣
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59 龧
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Ѱһ˸·ͬʱʯիһУʯеĲ豭ЦҸһ˵Ѱһնɱ£ֵ÷зģ¿ģ


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61 ϴ˪
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Ѱ䣬Ѧһ棬һѦǰٳǵĵͼڵ뿪䣬һ·򱱡
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66 
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ѰǲİȫսһǿѰֻ֣ҪСһЩԸƽеţӦòʲôΣա
ѰԺǰóһᵶһīȫͶ뵶ơ׵С
ڽõջѰҵһ׬Ǯ֮·ΪԺõУ׬ǮվǵǰҪһ
ʱ
ϵᵶȻһӿһƴĿĻ棬۽¡¡졣
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Ѱ׵ͷ
¹ֻ֪ؾΪܹƳһ˼½һһξɣûдκεʧܣ˼ҿ϶ܸ˰ɣ
ĪģѰ¹Ҳһֻٵɽ֡
Ƭ̺ѰͻȻ׭ʣڱ׵׭һƱ־һϵ֡Ѱ
ѰԼǵã¹ÿһ׭ͼͻһ־¹˵־ʹˣһλʦĶطš
ֻҪ־֪׭ͼ˭
Ѱ׭̵һѰ֣֣ĳҲһ־ҪȥѰҵڱԴĳˣ
ҹˣûлѰϥڴϣתϢȴЩġ
ãѰʱҲ
ɴһϮɫ£ƾڸñ±ߣûʲô
Ѱϸãȷûˣ˵ԺЩ
һһϴͰ˴ϡ
ѰϨ𣬷жʱڰϡֻһЩǹӴģĹߡ
Զżһ󹷷÷еվס
ѰɱһƬһڰϴҵûסҰȫ£˹
ڰУۣ˵ŵ죬ͻһսƷȫһɽǮˣ㲻ȱǮôǰǮá
ѰСڤ꣬Ȼû˵ʲô
ȴƺѰǷԹ˵ţйϢҲȥ̽ˣ㲻֪ЩƦåȻƷУȴܽӴܶǽӴ·Ѿؿڱ֤Ϳ԰Ϣȫ̽
峺ˮϴһԺڱʯҲࡢ飬⾲׵ҹɫУڰķԵ쳣
Σڣ㵹ǲٵʲôˣΪûĻն̬ȲôŮһһݺݽѵһ٣ֻǵʱǧǰˡ
˵⣬ЩͳƺЩ䡣
ĬãһƵͲŵǳںڰ翶𣺡ҽСҵΪڰ㣬ҿһ⡭

ѰʶͬһƬڰΨϣһǡ
Сڤʶеĵһǣкɫǻԣꡣ
ǣҲлǡ
ĻԽ࣬Խкô
ֱʶҹ۳̫飬ǻơľ󣬷ϰѡСڤһ󾳽硰ѭԲ
Ѱ꾳磬ǿֻ롰ѭżУֻһŻǣԲز硣
һǻƮҷˮϢꡣ
һѰ飬˳ȾܹܵԼĸ֪ڲϻָ
ҹǽֹĵѰ֪
һʦԣһƣҪϢ죬ҪϢʮ£ܰĵĸָ֪
ӵССڤѰԣһж⣬֪Ĵֻ֮롰ѭ֮һҹܳ׻ָ
Ѱ֣֪ĲĺͻָͬҲһֶĴڸ֪ļʱСڤЧҪҪϲֹһ
ͺñ¹£õһδĺ޸еõ˲ϵĴ
˿̣ѰԲָ֪֮˱͵ĸо
ûֳֹ嶯ȻȻģ֪Ȼ緢޷֮䣬·ַɵңԶǿ֮ϡ
Ѱѹʱ̲ʶҹһŰģǳȻԶһǳңӦ
ʱ£ѰٶȵһŻǣ
ˡ
ͬʱһĲڣһ´Ѱֻ֮Ȼڽ
ܸ֪Բʮɾľ󣬶˿̣ԽʮɷΧһо˺ֵľУ
ͬʱѰۡǡࡢ⡰ʶ֮أͨ͸Χϸ΢ı䶯ڿеĸĳ޲
·һӣ綼ˣһвεĻ棬ǸоѰЩ
еġ΢֪֮ǿ󣬾ǿԿѰ˿ģѰ޷ذأѰ޷յ
Ѱʱɫ¶ǰףµһˡ
µһ죬һйؽҪһϢһ籩㣬ڶٳǵĴСѸɢֵ÷з



71 
һ硣
Ҵ߳ʯի˰ٴȥ
ЩĲɣһֱ˼ǽʲôҪһ
Ϊδǰû˵˰ٴжһнọ̃
죬Ҳ˵һֵ÷зڵϢʼֻΪĳ̸ͷȡ衣
ϸһ룬ȴоֶһЩ
һ̣ȴڶ̶һʱڣõһϢֵǽ֪Ī䶯ⱾͲ
뿴νġͷɹֳֶΣѰܹ쵽
Ҳ̲סҪǰһ̽ˡ
ʱ֣þͻ®ɽĿ뵹Ҫǽõ˾˭⡰Ƿ紫ǰ˵á
һƥװ¹ŵĻʻֵȻͣߡ
Ļ¶һòƵӣЦⲻʯի𣿡
벻䲻ֵԭǾ۱Фƹ񡣡
òƵФԶӣǶٳһһС۱ϰ壬Ϊ˾
۱ʯիǾ֣ФԶӿûٺøˡ
ִУĪҲҪȥǽüʶʶФԶЦ˵
̹Ȼͷֳô󶯾Ҷ̲סЩˡ
ФԶΪȻɲ˵ǰðģԭΪֻһС̣˭룬λϰɺܲš
˵⣬ФԶԴٳڵĸλͬУɶˣӦһǿľ֣͵ڶһͷĶǣ£֪СԴʲô
ҡͷС˼ɲܲ²ġ
ФԶŶһ͵˵ͷٶ˵ʲôЦŸǡ
ֳĶѾеľ裬ԺҪ㣬ֻ»᲻װ
˼
İ˰ٴԵøֹ֣ͨˣд߶׷׳ڵĵطӿȥ
һ·ģԶйؽǡۣǶ⴫ģһЩɵԽԽ˺ˡ
һ·ϣ˾۱ФԶ֮⣬ҲеĴԶǶٳǺպɫ
е̩ϰʯķ壬һֻϰ壬ɱȴǿ屳֧š
Щˣ뻹ߵӰһЩڶٳжŵϺŵԺϰϽݵܽϰչ
һУаԸпϰʵ˲һͷʮϢ˶עɼ˱Ȼһλͨҵмҡ
ҲǽνġʵǺɾͲˡ
ҵΪĿ֮£ƭڣԲڰ˰ٴ㣡
ûãǰ
ѱΧµˮйͨȫӰӵ˴˷
Ǻεȼ˼ؼ켶ԲǴǿ־ǿ߲ܶõϹ屦
ҿӦòǰյȼֵģ֮ԳмΪصúܡ
ߣĪҪ̫磬õ̲󣬿ȴĺܣҿƭ˵ģ
ôܣĸи鿪ЦǼٵģǿɾ͵ڳˣɲǽܹܵġ
ȺΧЩۣвˣǽƹֻ־棿
Ľãһڶ죬ڶٳ㣿־һǱȥ

ͬʱѰҲ뿪˼ңһӣ߳һƬҶƽ
ҪȥһЩīΪ̵档
õ󼫸ߣܹͨĥһѰԺΪʦкôνһõ顣
Ѱ֪һЩʦٶѡͶĳһУĿҲΪͨЩڻȡƸͬʱӶﵽĥԼһĿġ
һ·ϣѰҲһЩйؽüڽۡϢЩɻ
Ǻһտӣ׾ݣǳĿܻӵоۣ
Ѱ˼⣬˽һ׵ֻһ˼½ͨһû͡رϵ
ѰҡҡͷûȤʱ˷ȥֵϡ
οоۣѰĲֻҲ
ܿ죬Ѱ߽˽ֽһרŷС

ͬʱڡ
η壬˷ܡĽֵϣɽ˺˲ϳڣõùѪҪȼա
ݺ߬סȭͷܷһڴԼҪˣ
ֳҲֵ˷ܣƽһУ˳ģɹȻҡͷ
ͷЩ˼
Ժ㾭ˣȻʧ̬νÿоһϸޱ߱Ʒ񡣡
ƽɫ񾲣ƽӹͨϣһɴݲȵеȡ
ޣ
һԲƸȡ֮·߳ƺţ
ƺţͭζᱻ߱ĺУޣʥĵ;
ĸ׾һޣҲݵһˡ
ڹУ۹̸ܹ۵ģֻһˣǸ˾Ϊʯիˡʯ񡱣
߰ɣҪǵĿ˵ȵ̫áƽת̡߳
æȥ
ˣ
Ǿǽϰ壿һΪʲôͷۣԭֻһƽӹꡣ
쿴бŵУĪǾͲУ
ƽӵӰ߳ǽǰ߸ߵ̨ϣѵȺõȺʱ
Ҳ۾ϸǹƽȴֶ̫İϵöԷǺηʥ
ԷеȣȷѰ˿ɱȡ
벻ҲЩڴѵϰһơı
ֹ룬ФԶӵһԶٳǸеĴ˿ҲڰһС
ȴƽ˻֣ԭֵնʱƽ
ûʲôףƽԵøɴ䣬ֱӴУóһͨ巺˿˿Ƴɫ鵶
˵Ĵ磬ԼֳָĻΣºâ䣬ҫԡ
ৣ
Ŀⶼڴ˵ϣɵ˵ģԼϢʱնʱţһĨɣ˵ù죬㵣Щ۾
һ̣ȹƽڽܣѾ˷ŭеһ̣˵ľһͨı׵



72 Ƹ
ŭɤҲ󣬸һ״˳ƽҲŽ
ʲô⣡ñ׵ĳǽõǶɵӲɣٳǣ
̫þ̼ңһƷµŪˣĿ
ٳǣǶٳǲӭּ̣
ٳǣ
಻ͨˣҲŴ
ҲʧԭΪж棬˭ȴֻһϼ䳣ı׵ֹƭֱЩ˵ˣˣ
Щǰһ̽ĸϰ壬˿Ҳ죬ϰ忴ΪλɳԾĹĴ£
ЩԶǸ²˼ˣʶδ˷ŭԹ۵̬ȡ
þһƬл뿪ٳǣǵһ֡
أ
ûиǹ׶֮ǰǲΪá
ҲУֻдﲻһһѱ׵ĵһۣ˾סˡ
Ǵ˵̫棬Ǿ죬м˵
ѰͽʯիҪ۵ǰѱ׵ԲǴʱͲ˵ȷǱ׵ɣɵȴһ˿صϢõô˵Եò
ϧǣûϸ̽ܵĻյѰ˴֮⡣
ʱлһ˿ʣĻ̬ȼҲ޿κΣֻܾʹա
˭룬һ죬ѱ׵ͳ˽֮Уһǽϰ嵱һѡ
һ뵽⣬оЩѾȷƾ֮ǰޱȵĳֶΣͿԶ϶ǽϰԲͨˣҲԲ˿е̡
ȻĿ֮ó˵ȻΪ˵׵ͬżصã
ʲôأ
б֮࣬ˡ
н˷໰ѻҵʧصļ
վڸ߸ߵ̨ϣƣʱǺ죬ŭί
ЩĿļһ֪ϸͽֱ̫֣
粵ȴ׹ƽס
ֻʱĹƽɫɲƻȻûյһ˿Ӱ㡣
ֻȴ絶ӰɨȫǼ٣ǷܵϾţֻһ±ɡ
ģƽӹһھ羪װ㣬𵴶ʱѹסȫĽֻͨһѪڣʱɫ䡣
գҲ֮ð
һǿΪһλǿߣ
ڳ߶Ծ˹ƽĲһϰ壬ܹΪӵͣɺټ
һ仰ס˳棬ԱߵĹò塣
ѣμ˳ڣһߣ֣Ҳһλ
ƽ΢΢һЦʮܼ򵥣ĳ֪ڳ֮УвͬڣֻǰһۣߴΣһλͲٻɹĳˡ
˶ͷⷽȷ
ͬʱҲвĿⶼͬλÿȥֱվŸеϰ壬۱ФԶӣȵȡ
˵ȻˣǾ͹ˡվ˳
ʱ֮䣬в˶ϳݣʯիļʦѱ׵Ҳ㹫
ϷҲԸǰһۣһкһò׺͵ķ߳
۱ƹФԶӣ
ҲվȺһ궯
飬ٵУ
ҳҲԸͨһ̽ڳλһ࣡
½߳ˣԶǶٳǸպյ
һĻ˳׷ģֻأЩֹѵͨͨı׵УĲʲôܲɣ
λڴԺ󣬵ȻɸλͬΪǽ𰸣
ƽ˹˹֣ת롢ФԶһ߽˽ڡ
Źƽǰߴ·ıӰ֮⣬ФԶӵ˽ӶЦǵֻǰΣ֣
ܣ
ΪٳǸеĴФԶȻϣٶһ֣ǺȻġ
Ѵ⣬ȼѵ֮óĽ޷⣬Բûͱһóʧڶٳǣ

⣬ɽ˺˶ڵȴһ
ڽǰҲֱԼоôƺЩףЩٳͬУͲÿǽЦأĿܻæ
һֶԸ׵ĳ羴ģù˶š
ʱһһţȴһ㶯ҲûУõΧ£ڸȺԶЩͷˡ
ֻһѱ׵ѣҪôʱ
ԽԽûĵʱǽ˶߳ľǾ۱ϰФԶӡ
ֻ˿ɫ㱣˫üƵһĨ֮ɫ
ФԶ֮߳󣬾һԲڻӵ¼ȺԼıʹҴҶȥ
һĻڳȻղǽھʲô
ûãƹƹҲ½߳һ죬ɫɲ˼һ㡣
ǺФԶһһ߳þһﲻתȥ
Щ֮²⵽ʲôȴ޷϶򶼱ЩɻǼˣ
ʱ򣬾Ϳƽ벢߳ǰɫ磬̸Цʱҡͷ̾Ϣ
û뵽ջǹƹ棬һ˲õıԴź
ޣҵƽЦŹ֡

̾ϢһתȥͼȺһѣΣ
˻һĿ˹ȥ
ˣĬò˵鴫ֵϡ֡˵գתȥ
һȫԾȻ
ͨͨһѱ׵ȻĿơ֣
ɫе𾪺ȻסЦˣеķŭίһɨգжʹˡ
ƽɫȴ㵭Ȼݣ費Ҳټˡ
ϣ
һ쳹ȫͼƽó׵ӿ糱ˮĻ⣬Ѥҫۡ
һӣȫĿⶼȥƺҪһ˵к𡰾֡
˵֮һ˵ĳȴԸλ˵֮׵ҪǿɣԺ˼н׵
ƽɫţ˵
ǿɣ
һ仰סڳߣǶмңȻ֪˾ռߵһ˼½ܹɵζʲô
ؼǣ˵˼½ȴӵ˿˼н
ȷⱬ׵ǼΪͨһȴȻܹȶѵȷƵǡ
۹Уֻ¶ҲһƵ
˺ǣ˺鵶˭Ƴģ
Ѱʦ첻һƴʦƳָƷҪһͨ˼½пµֻҲѡ
ѵ鵶ǳһλʦֱʣ
ҲֻȳȻڣŻĲõĿһȻͬı׵ɣ
а˼⡣
źǣǿ¸벻׵ˣֻһԵѧͽʦƲϡ



73 
ٽʱ̵ʱһйءķ粨ڽǰĻ
ȷǰѱ׵Ĳ֮󣬵˾ֱۣҪ˰ҹ˵ȴһλҵļ۸ߡ
ҵļ۸ѾףǶһ˼½ԣ͸˼ˡ
Ͼļֵһ㶼ʮҵʮ֮䣬㹻ȥһ˼Ͻˡ
ֻҪô˵صˣ֪һĲԩΪʵ̫ˣΪֹ۹жҲڶѳ
ϡΪ󣬵һͨͻȻӵ˶һ޶֮󣬾Ѳͨ
Թƽԣ˰ҵļ۸̫ߣΣⱬ׵ҲվֻͨһѣѾ㹻
־ٶӮڳ˵ĳ޺ͺøУýõһ١
˵һ£ѵڳ״˶ٳеľ棬ҪվȽŲҪһľӪȥ
һУһͣ
ڽУƽԾѰʯիοˣԼһŤתĺñ
ףụ̀Ѻǩ˺Լ߽˵
šƽĲɵ˵ͷǾѴ򿪣鷳ҲеͬУɲǾôˡ
üϲɫ˲٣ף֮ǽô죿
ƽǵλ۱׵Ĺ𣿡
ԥȻǵá
ƽһȥλҳǰһ𡣡
һԼ˸׵뷨ͷ׷ģλӿǵľǣѴԲɡ
ƽ˵ͷȻ̾ϢһֻܴһʱҪóȥӵиıˣҲܹͬоǴ˵ףɲװ

ĻйؽǰһϢȴոտʼ͡
Ƕ̶ʱڣٳǶ֪˽ý۵ľһ׵
ɾһѰı׵ȴ۱ǡϵһڶеĴƿԣ顣
ͬһ׵ȴ߾ᣬҵľ˼Ǯ
ûˣ
쵽̶һҹʱѣ쳹˶ٳǣۺͻȻ
йһ׵Ķۣ֮ϣ˽߶Դ˸޲ڣѶصı׵һ֡鵶
ڶٳǸжԣǸĵ鵶ǳһλʦ֣֮λʦǷڽ£
ܲ̽һУ͵˽õĵϸҲͿԽòȡһЩߴѹֶˡ
ҲԻѴǮλصʦ뵽Լ£ڵõǽǣ
ڵ磬Щжɳ˸Ե̽ӣʼȫλƳ鵶ʦ俴ΣĿע⡣
һʱ֮䣬йءʦ۶Ϊ˶ٳһŻ⡣

ΪʼٸߵѰȻ֪һС
ʮֳƷīʮȻѾϰۣҲΪ˸һٶʮöҡ
Ѱ߳ʱѽֻʣ¾öңֻǮˮٶȣѰЩʹ
ϣЩƳıһüǮɡѰһŽֵƽȥ
;һֵĲʱѰǡһЩйؽǰ飬νġֻһѱ׵ʱɫ΢΢
ԼǵãԼڽó۱׵ʱûٿڶѱ׵ѵ
ѰЩ㱣Ұ
ֱصУѰ΢侲ǰѱ׵ǳԼΣѾˣôܽðѴ˵׵ļ۸ҲԼ޹ء
ãǵ鱨߳ݸѰһƤĥƶɵľᡣ
һƤڻ죬ǮײõѰĿһŲ˹ȥ
սƷܼƶöҡڵ
ѰֻЩ£ЩˣָָеƤᣬָָװҵƤЩǴģ
룬ʱӦĻȻ˵ѰģѰʱû
ֽһ顣
ѰǶ鴤һ£ȫû뵽ϳȥֹɱһڰϴ󣬲һһȺСܣֹ˴սƷɳӣ˳ԼѼй鱨
ãѰŰЩϢԺעⰲȫ
˵ͷҶˡ
ȥ
ѰתȥֻȴЩӣıһγһʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ѰڳæµӰǲһĨǳǳЦݣһš
תط䣬Ĭһ֡ǡһºţƽһƬһڰϴĴºš

Թ뿪ˡ
ѰûѸı˶Դٰ̬һС
ǰѰһƤᣬϱһй鱨
ڶٳУֱ塢Ф塢塣
ѿصС۱ǣٳΪ֮һϷ˳нһҵ
鱨ϼأӵֱϵϰ٣ǧꡢֿɽʮദΰѿóףзȵˣȫҪû
֮⣬лӵλǿ
ǿ߸׵۹вڣǸʡشһУѿǺ绽Ķˡ
嵱峤ⳬȺؾ䡱ǿߣǸı㣬һΪ
ϣɽǿߡ
ɽǿߡ
ɽǿߡ

ܿ죬Ѱѻӵе͵̣ҲЩԾ
û뵽徹ӵȹģȷƵǶٳеһλĴˡ
һƤгЩһЩйɵ鱨ûõ鱨Ѱûʲô
塭ɡ
Ѱ˼
˼ãѰΨһжϵľǣԼĴڣԶԶ޷в壬ټϼɵʯիƣõڶԸԼʱֻڰܶõޡ
жϺҪѰ˶ţһ㹻ʱͻȥ׼ӦԵֶΡ
ѰҲĻճ׺Լֽ޵Ϣ֪ʱԼΣˡ
ԼץʱˣѰһӳǷϣճһĨᶨɡ



74 ֮Թ
ͬҹʯի
Ļողμһ᷵أǸеϰϳа죬ֻжٳ̻ԲܲС
ĻձΪʲô·˭ϣĻǽá
УֵǷ꣬ǽ죬Ϊһ׵õһԶ޷򶨣׷׾£һ𣬹̶Բߡ
ٳǱͲ󣬵ѱϷֵһɶðһҪڶʳȻ޷̵ġ
źǣһϲûγһͳһĶԲߣҲǣЩжиԵ㣬û㹻棬վͳһսߣ
ҪĻǣð̫ͻأˣ̶ֳ󶯾õжȥҪֹʱѾһ
ĻնԴѹòȤС۱УʯիֻߣżΪпľϵ
ʶĻտû˼ϵ
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ֻǾڴʱѰȴͻȻ۾˵ҲƬս飬Ѿ˼ƻԲȥðա
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ۣѰãһ۾ֻȴ΢΢һ˿ѶЩʲô
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ѰüһһֻèƵģҲӳ䣬ͥԺڰС

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·ںڰУעǡ
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ʱ򣬳ֳߵĺӰ͵رһֻܾ㳯һ໬ܡ
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ڰͥԺĺ磬ʱѱɭȻֲ̹ǵĺⲻƵӡ
ڰв޾ɱһõ壡
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أһҽзڰһöڵУȻɳȥǽײͳû˶
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ɾðɾڴʱһĨɫէ֣ںڰԵ˴ۡ
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ڰУײͥԺлĽ
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Ӱڿһͷ˳ȥ΢΢һɡ
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ͬ鶼ˣôˣ
Ȼһ񾲵ڰҹɫԵÿ翡
ڹѸĳ׳ȵס


77 սͻ
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һСŮ°ڰǹ·һĨӨĹ
ѵ־һСӣ
ڹѸš
ৣ
ٿȻڹѸǰһ͸о͵һʹǯסʱʧ
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һϸ׶̣ʽܣѲƵѰʱ򲻵òѡܷ
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СŮս˿ֲ
ڹѸӿһĨԶƵȻ
⣬һԾͬ䡣
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ʮѰͬڵϢһɱɵĻᣬźǣݵɳ̽Ӵ鱨һֱڶѧԺ
ֻû뵽ѰжԷѰ಻סɳɱ֡
˭ҪĴۣ
СŮ̧ͷƴñ¶ں㷢ںз񾲶İںڰһĨɱ



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ѧʱҦѰռλãɿŶԷǽεݣ¶һĨЦݡ
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Ѱϻ£һȲ裬ȻǸڹѸ
ڶԱߣڷһΪ۹ս¼鼮ĶСϣʥϢ
ţֻǮµĴ̿ͣɱ岻󡣡ڵ
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Ѱ룬ǺΪΪȡ֮䣬ɼԡ
ʮǸˡȻ̧ͷѰһۡ
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ѰŶһͲǿһȻ¶Լ⣬ѰΥıġ
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˵ʱãѰһһλ𱬣źɫƤȹŮӳǰ
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ѰüԭˣΪ˶Ըǣһڰ죬ǿǡ
мϻ㲻ʲô˵ʮʱͻɼʺ֮һҪǮҪ֣Ҳϡ
Ѱһη֣ľƺǸϡ˫ľ̲ڰõĲֹǷսƷصĸ鱨
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80 ͻϮ
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85 Ӧ
賿Զ
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⻹Ѿǿ̫࣬Ѱ˽ֻҪ˵Ҫ޴󰭡
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ˣвһ̾СһлԹ
ϣЦƣҹƺҪѰ鷳Ǵ˴Ҵǰ֧Ԯһ·һЩӣ˵ҪǰѰ£Ҿţͳͳˡ
˵⣬ָԱŵһͷ뿴ƺмĴ
ѰʱףǰʾõģȻѲ̽Լ˫ľĹϵֵĺг⣬￪Ҳǽ֮١
Ϊʲôô
ȻһжǰЩӳ۸õǰ鵶йأֻҲѾµһЩʲô飬ʹ¾ģ˸Լʾõľ
лˡѰֵ
ⲻʲôֻҪ㰲Ȼ㹻ˡЦ
ѰɫҿȶͲ߶ţʹ˸ǡԱߵĹƽȻڵ
Ŵ
ѰȻһ£ҴҷطУٻʱѽƽһ⣬¡
ƽüһЩ֮ǾջȥɣɲΪЩ
ѰЦŴ岻򿪿
ƽ룬սӹһʱһУкȻһźâ鵶
һ뿴һĻҲ͵һ𣬹ȻȻѰֻһ鵶λʦȻй
ƽɫƳһۣͳѰͷµȷȺñų棬Ҿˣ˱棬ûһǮ
Ѱ˵ʲôͱƽЦŴϣ¾ҵİɣˣʹ˸ǡ
˵ţѴŹתȥǵطԲжȵķ緶չֳЩͬ
ޣ
ƽߣҲ̸ǣһڻҴҶȥ
ѰҲûĿȥȴصʯի֮󣬱Ȼѽһи֮Ļա
Ļ֪Լвֹһ鵶ֻθ룿
ѰЩϷʵţȻҡͷ
Ļղǵˣ˵Ƿʯիһ飬жĻ΢ʣѰҲڲһЩʲôȥĶԷˡ
֮鵶ҲѰ˷һźţȷһĻնԴԼ̬ȡ
ûٶ룬ѰͥԺţطУȻһ˿ѵļ󣬽סţ壬ֻҪɵܸûһЩɣ

塣
̻Ի͵´Уϡ
Ӻڻϻɱ֮һֱţ峤ⳬȺɽɽɽԶ
ĺǣǷҪټɱѰж
˵ˮܵ˽ǱѰõ澡ʧ뽫ӲԺϡ
Ҳ˵ЩжУڹѸɡüλ˿ȫꪣڻϻҲɱΪ˸ľ޴ȫ֮
һжѳ֤Ѱ֮֮Ǽжƶƻͼ֮
ֹ۵ȥҲûγһͳһ
ֱɫ٣һ̽һϢų׽һ
Ϣܼ򵥣˵ǽƹƽѺȻվΪѰ
ͬʱʯիҲһӻǰѰ̽ѰһжʯիҲʼִ¡
֪һУһڴﳹʶ˾Ƶأմͳһʱ̣䣡
ǲѰһ꣬ȴòʯիƣǽõƹƽҲ򵥣һλǿǿߣڶٳжǶˡ
£ٲʺͱҲɲǣֻܸıѰĲԡ
ҹɫɢӭµһ졣
µһ죬ƽҹĻҺѪȣĻ»һЩӿʱȶ
һеĲֻƽУδӰ쵽ٳҲƽÿһ궼аɸҲµİɵ¾ĸƵ֮ϰΪ
ͬһ죬ڽ峿ٴµһ鵶ʱ໩ȻĿ
߽ʯիͥԺУ׼Ļ顣
ƽʮźԺѰѴҴϴϣʼɱƻĿǽͥԺ
УھСԡ峿Уʫ续


86 
峿Ļնǰͭһ˿ױݣŮԶݵһ˿
ĻǼģ졢ģһűˮۡң롣
ǰݼʱĻױϣµ޶ˡ
ʲôҪԴȻʵ
йѰġû֪г
˵ʱȻûע⵽Ļԭ޵ϣһĨ
˵Ѱ˼ͷĿʱĻ̲סϵ˭ȥģ
ʡ
ĬƬ̣С㣬ǰЩԸҶйѰһжѲ̽ùƽ֮ǰ֪ͦʲô𣿡
Ļü͵лֱ˵
ἰѰƢĪıüûĴš
ƽΪһǿߣʱȴĳ䵱ѰˣӹҲȥ
пԭЩ⣬ʶһйؼѰϡ
Ļһͷˮü㾿˵ʲô
ĻʧȥģҲٹĨǣֱԵʵѰвֹһ鵶λصġʦȻϵ
Ļնʱһݣοģ
ȷܹǸʦٳǸжѰȫѰҴˣ
Ϊ˭ܰλʦѿԼУԺԸԼ޷ĲƸ
ʯիҴҵڵ۹жһһĶƫԶĶٳУҪչ棬ҲֻܿĻԼ
ԿѰһ鵶˹ƽҾڽ峿ƽѷųйش˵Ϣ˲ٺ䶯Сֻ̽һ£֪α
ĻճĬˣûҪƭԼֻ޷Ѱһƴոս붫ٳǵ꣬ôڲһʱ䣬ͺһλʦ˷ǱѰĹϵ
δҲ̫˼ˣ
ãĻղʵô˵ҪҵλʦͱͨѰһˣ
ͷˡ
˶٣С֪ƽİɺڻѰɱˡ
˵ϻĻ͵һѰֻһؾߣɱһǿߣ
ͷҲеܻɺһ룬ºѰʦйأܹƳ鵶ĴڣȻѰɱˣ
˽ͣҲĻҲЩҡ
ֻ˻Ȼ֪Ѿˡ
Ҳܺ⣬ĴһֱԵ޹ؽҪϾ̫СˣҼͷ¶棬ʶû˭ˣټҲûţѰ侳ܹƳ鵶ʶضΪѰȻи
һᣬ͵ƫ֡
£̽Ϣȷ˵ɱڻϳѰ뻹ֱӰˣһжѰġʦĹ͡
Ϊֻ㣬Եú
Ļһ󷭹Ǹ˵Զģһ뵽ѰǿɶһƣѵҪԼ黫޳ܵСӵͷ
ˣѰæĻպȻʵ
һ仰֪Ļ̬ѱ䣬æͷҲ̸ϰæ޷ǽ֮١
Сӿ飿Ļռ׷ʡ
һ˵ûбֳų;ܾ˼
Ļյ˵ͷӿ˼֮ɫѰ˴ǰٳǣӦΪ˲μӸԣȸԽȥǰҼһ档
ʱԥС㣬ֻ»ԡȥһˡ
Ļ˼һòһãʱȥݻ
ЩɬվǸǸСӵͷˡ
ܿ죬Ļվ񣬰СΪӮһͷǿɾ̫СĻˣ


ѰԼƻصͥԺ޸ʱһֱ״̬еҲѹ
۾˵ĵһ仰ǡҺܶ
ˣҲѰϲ֮нʣһĨҲʧʩչһʢɿڵĲȡ
ԷʱѰ֣ѹƺ΢΢Щ仯һĨ޵翳ȻϢĥ
ǿˣѰ̲סʵ
šһ߳ԷһߺսҵΪ㲻ٶԸϻˣӦòϴǰ鷳ˡ
Ѱһֹǻ㲻ֱǾף
أһ䡣
Ѱʱ죬ЩݣһѪսֻǶԡֵ˸̵ĸ򣬺ȣȷܡ̧ͷ
ҺãԳԷȤױѰҪ󣬲û׷ʡ
Ѱ˿ȻˣҾͲʲôˣҿҪȥѧԺһˣԽУѾʼˣصڶѧԺ
һǵðҴһЩ鼮ҪЩ߰С˵ߵֻɱɱû˼
ѰЦӦ

ѧԺ
徲ѧԺȴ֮ɼˣı
һЩɫѧѧ䵱ߵĽɫѧԺæָ··
ǸԱʱ䣬Ƕٳһһȵʢ£
ֻҪͨԣͿԻõ۹ϿɣֹԻһʲƵĲƸӵ˽һμԵʸ
ңֻҪͨԣӵ˱еĻᣬ˵Խ˻һɳ죬Դ
ԶԴԣȻ֪ݺܼ򵥣ȴû˸Сֵ۹ѡ˲ŵʽ
룬ܹͨ˵ߣԶһɫʮ꣬ӵΪŮӵų󼰵ǱԺ󲻳⣬ȻԳɳΪһǿߣ
ʳȺĻǰ;Ʋ
ͺñһȺнǱӣڿƲۣδעƽӹˡ
ԵһһȵĸԼʼʱٳǵĿⶼ۽ڴϣһһ˶ͨˡ
ͬʱԶٳǸԣҲһɺ˲ŵĻᣬû˭ˡ
ѰִﶫѧԺʱͿһֳɽ˺ֱϼƵġ
һЩμӿ˵ŮȫҶһǰõѰһп¸ĸİ
ȷ׵۹УӵеĵλȨͨȵġ
ֻΪ߻ԶԶܳΪ۹ϿɵߣǲŽĹҫ棬й⡣
۹ָԡԡʡԡֲѡ˲ŵĲԣҲȷƸհԶӢ˵á
ΪÿһеĿѡΣΪ۹˴Ķ֮ţ۹ѪѪҺӶõ۹ǿʢ
ѰûôԶҲ֪ѡ˲ŵƶȺܲ򵥡
ҲΪڴԼֿܹߵһԣԣʡԣ
ߡԣ



87 
μӸԵıص㣬ڶѧԺһ¶㳡ϡ
ڲ뱨˼࣬㳡ϲʮ˵ĽԶǶѧԺѧ
㰲ܵڱʵ̫࣬õÿһ߽Զϳ
ѰˣҲֻվһ󷽣ȴš
˺ܼ򵥣ֻ轻ʮöͭңͿȡһ븮Կ˵ơ
ȻһѰע⡣
˰˵˴θʱֿ˵㿤ҦغҦˣ
˭
׳գʮǰҦغ귽ʮ壬ԭȥμӸʱѾЩˣҦغȴһ֮䣬ͨԡԡʡؿˣ
ֹˣҦغڲμӹʱɾ֮ӱ
ȻҦΪһֹ֮ڹԿˣûԸ¹ѧԺУΪҦغ˱ֳڣȴõ۹ۿҦ˽۹ְ֮һʱĺ
Ҫ֪ôǵ۹ʡûгһͨԿ˵ģҦܹһѾǾγ֮ţʡУܹҦ׵ģҲִֻʡȨһĴ󶼶
죡λҦغ˼ȻΪλѡ˴ǰǶٳָԿˣȴȥʡԿˣԿʤˣ
ǰ˭Ҳ֪ҦΪҪǰҲˣĸԿ˲Ż˶߲˵еһЩߣҲϢٸҪ뵽˴θУܹҦǰ¶һ棬ܹҦ˵ʶԺɻڴָտɴ
ɶЩһﵹ
Σ˶߲Ȼ֮յ¼ȡֻһǧˣֻһЩߣҲᱻ̭ˡ
Ѱ⣬ҲԾȫû뵽˴θԻᷢ˶仯
ͬʱҦغҲһνѰҰЩйҦغĻԻ¼ҲѰʶҦغʮǰܹ۹࿴еˣһλ֮
Ϊλǰٳָԣ
бȻԭ
ѰȴЩ˸ղЩҲΪΪһҦغĵȴô˴βμӸԵͻȻбȻвʳȺ֮յ¼ȡ֪εȲҡ
ӵؾΪ仹ʮ꣬Ҳ֪Ƿͨ˴θԿˡ
Ѱԭ˿ȴЩȷˡ
Կ˵ݺܼ򵥣һҪ䲻ʮ꣬ӵΪ
˵ȻҲ뵽ԿеߣȻΪƣԸԿ˵ʱ򣬱Ȼѡţһעֻᱻ̭
ܿ죬Ѱ˱̨ǰ
̨ߣѧԺѧһһŮһȡѺһ𷢷ƣһ¼ߵĸϢ
Ѱʮö֮ͭǱ̨ŵŮѧ̧ͷʵ뱨ֺͼᡣ
ѰڵѰԶٳƴ塣
˻һרŷƵѧȻ̧ͷѰ
ѧòãһ˲ţֻɫЩղڷʱһֱԵûɣһĲɵģ
ɴʱĿ絶ӰѰԵúܼ
ܿ죬ƺʶԼʧ̬ʱջĿ⣬ָƽ
ϵңѰü
֪Ϊ񣬸ղһɲǶԷֹһĨɱɢȻԷڲصļȴ޷Ѱ
ϴˡѧҡͷЩ䵭
ѰŶһЦǿɰ
ѧޱݸѰһƣɺϵкܶ࣬ɵҲв٣㻹ǸϿ뿪Ҫסǰ
ѰĦһ󣬺Ȼڱ̨ߵѧЦɺ֮䣬ѣԺ֮仹ıĻᡣ
Դƴ⣬˵գЦתȥ
ֱĿѰӰʧѧɫ޷ƵĿоǺ⡣
ɣôˣԱߵŮѧЩԾɴ˿̵ɫ̫ѿˣڳ
û¡ѧҡͷһЦأģǼ£챨˿ɺܶ࣬ǵץʱˡ
šŮѧ˵ͷɵղһĻѾһЩ
а⣺ǾЩҪԸĵôԭһѣһΪʲôͷءɴӲϲҲ飬μȻˣĻҦؿеˣ

ɣ
߳ѧԺѰԺһֱŸղģѴжϳԷݡ
Ѱڶٳеĵ˺٣ڶѧԺеĵֻһ
ѰԷģûһ۾ϳԷȴɵλˣѰʱҲ嶯ɱˡ
ѰסˣǶѧԺɭϣѧԺл򣬲
ȻѰסģԺܿҵԷ
Ѱɺ޲ھɱɱˡѰԲĻᡣ
ķϣ֯Ħ࣬˷֡
˶ۡҦغ֣˵춫ٳĿľҦغ
ǰָԿ˵Ϣһ籩ȫ𶯣˶ڲ²ҦغĿġ
ϾҦغݣȥһԵ٣δԵ̫Сá
ЩѰδ̫࣬ҦغٸߣҲûκһϵ
ûãѰ߽̣ϤĵϰϲкͿʼ鼮ȻǸ׼ġ
뿪ʱɫ磬ѰҲѵзһ£һڴй䣬һһЩóԵ۽⡣
ǰЩΪӦвѰ񾭼һֱţץһʱ׼ŸֶΣõѽ¶̤ƽ
ЩвѾʱѰȻٰԼƵ̫ݣ֮һһڣ̫ţǼķ̲
ûãѰĿⱻֱһСáĵطԾͣ˽Ų
λҪҪһԣʯԾ׼ӵе̶ȣԺпɴа
һС۾ɿ룬ʯûרΪ׼䷿вͬͭƤܣܵ˺
ŶԴѰʱһ˿Ȥ
С˼ѰƺЩ⶯æȴЩȤ̨вֹԺд裬ǻʤӮȡƵĽ𣡡
Ѱ̨սȤȴʯ䷿Щ⶯Ҳܺ棬Լӵеﵽ˺εȳ̶ȡ
룬Ѱ׸Сöͭң˵ȴȥʶʶʯ
СǮüЦϣ룡



88 Ѫ
ãռؼ㣬ڷֳ򣬷ֱǡҡ̨͡
С˴ѰУʱܹɫɫߣһЩжѧԺ־·ѧ
ֻЩߵΪؾڣѿǿߵӰ
Ȼÿƹģ󣬵ȴ侳ߡ
ûãѰС˴½롰
һ伫ΪĴ봣һʮɸߵİɫʯһƵ
ʯǵ۹ԺеĸƳһߵ̶ȡ
ϸȥʯעžܵĿƣÿһƶŲͬ塣
Ѱע⵽ÿһƶӦһֱ֣ǰپİپپ˰پһǧȵȡ
СʱһԽ͵һԣһؾߣӵаپڵؾߣӵİپڵԴƣͬߣǳҲͬ
Ѱףνġһֺ׼
Ҫ飬ֻ轻ʮöұɡС˵
ʮöңͭңһСĿ
Ѱ룬ջóʮöңΪԺУȷҪ֪ԼΪﵽ˺εȳ̶ȡ
СùǮС£ټġѰһˣҲΪ˱˽
ϾΪغһû˭Ըⱻ˿ŵ
һ㵹ѰΪ⡣
ⲽǰϸʯãһתȫᰴʯײһС
ˣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һʯɢѰֻо·һˮͨ⣬֮⣬ûиܵκβʡ
ͬʱʯ棬ٿȻһâֱϳ壬ܿԽϱߵġپİپپ˰پơ
Ȼӡ˰پλÿʼ
ӡ˰پһǧ֮䣬ʹӵСؾ񵽺εȳ̶ȣҪһâͣڰ˰پһǧ֮ĸλá
ǡͣڰ˰پֻ˵λؾߵ̫ֻƽӹ
ͣһǧλϣ֤ڵѴﵽؾ۷ˮ׼
һԣؾߵԶ˰پһǧ֮ǻ߻͡
ֵһǣֲ׼ǰӵе֣׼龫׼ҲĻ̶ȶѣΪǿ
ܿ죬һâͳһǧ˰پλãҲζţѰӵеΪѿؾ۷ˮ׼
Ȼһвûн
ֻһâڵִһǧ˰پλ֮Ʋ
ѰҲ⡣
һǧ˰پϣǧ֮䣬ؾܹӵе̶ȣ
ѵԼӵеѾԺؾ߿ˣ
Ѱع񣬾Ϳһâ̶̼֮䣬͵ִǧλá
һûн
ûãһâͳǧǧ֮Уؾǿܹӵе
һâִ֮ٶȴ𽥱û
Ѱǿ԰еϸ
գһâǡͣǧŰپλñ㲻
λãѰȣһߣܹﵽؾ족ߵ۷ˮ׼
Ҫ֪ѰΪŽؾȼѪΣؾΣ
ɴ˾ͿԿΪ磬̶ϣѰȫԺؾ۷߱ȼ磡
Ĳһʱ֮Ѱɣʯǲǻˣ
һжģζԼ̶ȣһؾҲԼ֣
һؾǿߣ۷ǿ֮䣬ֲͬĸ
Ĭ˼ãѰֻܰһй鹦ڡѨĵϡ
ڵĵеĴþƥƷʳ̺ȻҲֲ֮
ӵǧŰپȽؾʱεȳ̶ȣ
Ѱһ˼ţһ߳ˡ
ȻһţͿǴһ󼦷ɹȻ
Ϳһ۹ʽؼףɱ֮ƵʿһЩ߶ֱ֮ӱЩʿ˳ȥ
գ֮䣬⡰áӲһʿһ·һɺ磬ߴӢ꣬˽
üĿ磬޳䣬Ͷ¶һɽӵ֮
ʯӢʵ
ڡڡǡһС˱һĻ壬ͰָѰλ˵
ԣӢָһһöӲӵǮңСˣǷãǮȫȥƣЩֵдˣ
˵ţ
ѰŲŲɫܿÿһ·ƺܴͷСܹóһöҳ䵱ҵ׿϶Ҳۺ֮
ƳѰһۣȻʲôղʯ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ͣŲʮɣεȾˣ룬ֱֱԵú񣬱Ͼֱ֮Ӵ̽ԷΪһɻ顣
ֻĿź棬ǹҲ硣
Ѱ룬̤ȼѪβãԶԶµġ
ǫ飬ȴƺûζͷ㵹֪֮ҾӵؾΪΪԺĵ;ǣҵΪ游ѹ֮ãǰɿۼٶȣȷûȡ
ѰһһҲ̫ˣһμͺԼһİ˵Щ
һԼԼģʵ⣡
ͨһĻѰ֪Լͬ䣬ֻʮꡣ
ȴƺЩż࿴ʮˣʮ˾ˡ
Ѱ˼ʱӢѾ߽ˡС
һؼ׵ʿߣô˽Զҿ˵
˶ѷ׷ȥ
ѰҲٶ̧ȥ
ԭǰǡҡһνͭƤһţټеżеҲٶය
һʿɱƣսǴʬɽѪɱľ񣬲ҿؼϵı־ƺǵ۹һ֧µѪʿ䡣
۹Ѫţ죬ѵפڵ۹߾ϣѪµһ֧Ѫ
Ѫ£˭ҴרΪѪƵؼף
˭ܹһѪʿһ·
϶򵥣˵пܺѪйϵ
ҺǣѪפڵ۹ɳʡ֮أǶٳ֮ңѪʿȴڶٳУҪʲôѵʲôҪ
û߳áţѰһвһ
Ѫ
òλսҲҪͷʬɽѪգͬߡѪɣ
Ѱ̲ס㣬Ťͷһʿ俴һۡ
Ȼͷ֣ЩʿϢһͣɱ磬һµѪ֮
Ѫʿ䣬Եˡ
Ѱ˼ҡҡͷתʧڶĽֵС
ͬʱУ͵ӢһŭȣһСƭӣӵؾ۷εȴ˵ֻؾΪɴС󣬺˸ƭңɺޣɺޣ
Ѱأͻᷢղ뿪ʱΪһֱ˼Ϊ⣬ȴȥĨʯϵĲԼ¼ˡ
ܲɵģ¼ȴλԳơɡӢᡣ
˵Ҳ벻ѰֻؾΪ


89 һƸ
ؼ֮ǰѰǰ˽һˡ
һ鵶ȫǺ䶯֮󣬽û壬ͥУ֮
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ؾѭһ˴Σһ֮ѪҺں¯ȼա
ؾǡС족Σִ˵زԳѭ죡
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ĿǰԣѰ롰С족֮磬ҪͻƣȷǶʱڿ԰쵽
ϣСڤĴõѰĸ֪Խܿ죬ò˶ãӦþͿԵʶеĵŻǡ
ⷽ棬ǸѰĵġ
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ѰΨһĽڣʱɲ̽йصԴĳ˵һϢ
ӽ붫ٳǵĵһ죬;ǰеУһЩ伮ͼҳһЩйء̫Ԩ񷡱ļء
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Ϊ̫Ԩ񷡱ǱԴһ֣νԴһ츳
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ٳֻǵ۹ʡƫԶ֮صһУҪѰйء̫Ԩ񷡱Ϣ֪ϣжã



90 ӿ
븮ֻʣ죬Ѱǰĥһ
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ȾҦغλĴѼٶٳУһְּٵĸԿˡ
ΪҦغ٣õò˴θԵһӱ࣬˻ûʼͻ˰ǧˣ
ֻһڶٳǱߣһǴиߣԶĽҦغ֮
Ϊ£õöٳһӱñո֣ͷβۣҦغôΪʲô
ͬʱ۹ѪĳԱһλִﶫٳǵϢõԭͷĶٳһƬȻ󲨡
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һжöٳǾƸһ˷ɫʣҲöٳձù

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еͭƤֻͨɫֻܽм򵥵һЩжþǲߵ

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еͭƤܹоŸֱӦ侳ÿε׼
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Ҳܺ⣬ӵΪÿԷӳ֮ƥս
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Ѱһÿһ缡ʱ˿ţż׵ȫºХ
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˵⣬°ͣ˼ʱһҪһһϷֵȫǽ֪Ժ˭Ҳû취
ѰģӺ˶ʶλ˫ľڿЦ



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˶ҲһԳɤӴУЩ˵һɵѧָʹȥƽҰģ˵ƽ˶ˣֽɱҲû˹ܣⲻǲ𣿡
˶ԷʹߵܽгõΧʼˡ
ҲʱɺҦظѧԺǰǡ仰̾ɵˣʲôʱ˵ְ׳һĻ
ɫһƾ֪Ѱⰲŵһ
ɶ񣡡
÷ζըԼʲôûʺӾͿͷϣƫƫһʱ־֪νͣνڿ𣬴žˡ
ԱҦصɫҲΪѿû뵽Ѱ˼թƻҷӦ֮죬Ⱥһ٣Ǻұ֯һӣͰ¶ֵ˶ѧԺ
Ժ֤һжƭ˵ģʱ˭ţ
Ҧض󵽣¶һȥͻᱻͼӴ׵ݵĸף
ҥԣ׽Ӱ¶Ļ˼ӹ֮󣬾ͻɢĿİ汾ԽͣǷԽҥġ
Ӻ˶ڷŭ޺ѻȥֵ֪ԽԼԽȫʩչ˻ҿʺӡ
ʱƣΧ۵ȺҲԽԽࡣ
ھ붫ѧԺ֮ĵطѰңңһУЦЦתȥ
ѾִˣսΣĺ䶯㹻ЩӸ米ͷһʱˡ
Ҳϧһд۶ԸԼ֤᳹ʵһеҥģȻЩӸ米ĴҪġ
Ӻ˶ݼǲѵõǻͻһȺ˽жթ̫ˣǶѧԺҲֻͶԺ϶ᱻ˺޵ֻûڶٳǴȥþıһ·
һţѰһ˼̬Ϊݡ
һ־ȷһ죬ȻʱǰΣգһᱻ˲Ļٿߡ
ѰѲںЩȸԽȻͻѡ뿪ٳǷ֮أǰ㿤ΪμӴµ׼



93 Ӧ
Ѱ뿪ûãѧԺǰ־ԽԽΧ۵ȺҲԽԽ࣬ۼѿ첻ܿƣһλѧԺĽϰԳ棬ſס档
λϰһλǿߣڱ̬ỹһ
Ӽþգ֪ȥԼǴһȺͷ̫ŴҴȥ
ȺһڱѺ͹竹Ӹ磬Ҳһһȣ˶ѧԺС
ȻˣйµĴȴʱڴٳǣ˲ٻȻЦ
ɺȺһˣ򳹵ΪһЦ
Ȼû˻Ե٣ʵˣɴԾǴԣЩʹ޹صȺڶԣ˭Ա˳ȥµ྿Σ

á
ƽ˵֮һ˼˲Ϣ׹ȻʧЦп޻Ѱֻϧû뵽Ѱķ˼ңԼһɧ
һһ죺±ѰʹģôЩƫˣȻӮˣԺѧԺЩѧԼǱȻѰΪж״
ƽ뵽һʵѵãѰֻȡʲô취Σ
ףǸڿԼɿ˼ţ˵ҵĻ϶ЩӸȱܿǣԺ󰤸ˡ
ƽͷȻأҲ׵ȴһ⣬ЩӸ轾ᣬ鷳Ͷܲ
˶٣ԣѰȻƫһЩȴǽǵѡֻаִֵȫǽ֪°Ѱ޵Ҳֻʱڲȥʵ˽շĴģǵΪ
Щٳ±ɾ˻£ϻǺܹ˼ڳеġ
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ƽЦѰľ뵽һ㣬˵Ѿˡ
ȴЩҡͷѰһȣⶼ㲻ʲô
ƽпѰССͣѴǽˡûȽϡ
ȻףѰ뿪ǽԺҪһЩλʦƵɾͺˡ
ƽƺ⣬̻᲻ϣȫϣڱϣҪΪһµޣͱӵԼʱ
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˶٣ȻüôѾ뿪ٳˣ
Щϧǰһ뿪ֻԺҪȥύλʦˡ
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εǣѧԺеĽϰѲȺҦصĹƻ󣬼ӵ˽췢һУ
̲סҦأȴԷɫƽƺĻܵʲô֡
Ҧػοɣ뿪һЩѰ̫񶾽ƻлһŹ
һЦԶԡ
ʱȾͷĴƿ߳һɫ۵ꡣ
ѧԺԺ٣
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Ǻɾ̫ˣ
ʶ˿̿ٳ֣Ҳ㷡
ȻǣһѧԺԡŰ࣬ЦƵԺ٣˿ȴЦ⣬߻ֵأ㸸ڵ㡣
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ȴԱߵҦط·ϵһУЦŵ˵ͷקɾͳȾͷĴȥ
ʼգһֱЦпǣκ𾪣ʶһ⡣
ԺɣƺΪҦصĸ׶𡭡
ôҦظ˭
ƴԺз˼߽ǴһɲǣһڶٳٿȻС
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94 Կʼ
Ӵ߳ʱɱ½Ѿ亹͸
ղźҦغ̸ֻж̶̲һӣȴɸܵʲôǿߵѹ֮
Ҧغòţ̬ºͣţκ֮ʱȴһȥһΡɽĸо
Ϊߵһ̶֮ѹܵͻ⡣
û°ɣҦһԹʵ
ҡͷǿЦɫأ΢΢Щףû뵽㸸׾Ҧغˣʵ⡣
ҦڵҲû㣬ֻӲʹҰˡ
ɿЦղźҦغ̸ȴֱϲѣԺȢҦأǾͿԽҦغһɳ죿
ղ˵Ŀɶ滰ҦغȻʴ
ʱͷӦɫᶨأԱɱ֮㣿
ղŵ̸УҦغֱԣ˽⵽ɺѰĳԹȷʾɳ֡
ֱӣҦغ淢ģֱ𣬵ӮҦغһ˿͡
ҦһҸ˵ֱӰ㱨𣬿ҲӦ֪ƾҦҵһԸְģĪҪ˷ȻᣬһҪȡҸ׵Ͽɡ
һׯģҲֹҪӮҦϿɣҪȢΪ޵ģ
ҦһЦٶԡ
򳩿ޱȣ־ҦغɽԺγ²ɣ
ѰֻԼǰ·һֻ϶ѣԼʱɾܰ
㿴Ǳߣƺ峤
ҦغȻֹŤͷԶ
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أ̸ˣʱҲˣЦ߹
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Դϧֻʱ䣬ҾͿ԰ƽаȫ̲ˡ
ѰһȻ
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Ͽʼʶһ˿꣬ԼֱԽѰǰ
ᷢʲôΣһҪۿţֻҪѰһ޾һС
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ѰһԶ̨ϿյϯλҲĸԿˣЩֵܶĻˣͿǸҲĿ֮ˡ
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ѰԼİΣȴЩЩ˻᲻Լ˳ͨˡ
Ͼ˴αԵоǧ֮ڣֻ¼ȡһǧˣҪԼֻҪҸɣܰԼ̭
Ǹ
ѰҲȷ
ȻѰУŤͷȥͿԶȺУһĮȻĶԼĿдڲؼõԹͱ䡣
ߣʢװҦء
ѰЦЦȥλѣּˣǰЩ˵ʲôţɺ֮䣬֮䣬ҸокܶԸԵְ
΢΢һû뵽Ѱʱ򻹸ԼǰɫͳҿɲôΪ
ԱߵҦغƵĴѰһһЦҹӡ÷ڣüֻҪùء
Ȼɸ첲ǰȥ
Ѱ۾ȥıӰ˼



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ûеȴãһ˵Ӱ½ǹ㳡̨ϣȫĿ⡣
쿴мλ϶ϣܵصҦغҦˣ
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Ѱ̧ȥͼǸ̨λãʱһӣɫ䳤ۣ룬һɷǵģ
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ĻҲڣѰֻƳһ۾ջĿ⡣

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ͬʱڹ㳡ȺУɺҦصĿҲ˹ȥɫҦشһĨѰζЦ
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Ѱʮ꣬Ϊأ
Ȼһ𣬶ʱ֮䣬پ



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࣬ϡϡ裬ֲڹ㳡ͬ
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ڳ˶ԣѰֻһİţЩ˽Ѱϸ˶ԣѰ˸еʹͳޡ
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ͬҲڴʱѧԺԺٺȻ̧ͷ˼Ŀһڳ㳡зصѰӰ峤ⳬȺĽ̸
ܿ죬췢ڶѧԺǰһ粨üë壬˼
ٲû֣ԱߵҦغĿҲһɲɨѰıӰɫƵᣬֻвһ˿ɻһؾ꣬ʲôܹԼŮɶгԿ
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ⳬȺѶɱģֻǱȴһ˿
ĻɫҪӣûǴƴһμѰʱСһֻӵؾΪҲڴʯġļ𡱰£һ̤ء
ŹȥʱѣӵؾΪˣͻͽٶȣĻж𶯲ѣŵһʶǰֻ˵øѰƽϵʧԼƺûз֣СԭϾҲӵмΪ׿Խ츳
һУѰ·ûвԹԷԭλã۹۱ǱǹģĬ
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ѰǸڸԿ
ȻѰƲ⣬ĳֲûʲôۣԿڽţһһŮżڴŵ飬вԣóɼȻ󷵻ԭء
Կ˳ɼ˻ϲ˰̾Ҳ󲻶һĻĻࡣ
ʱ俿磬ܼƾǧ˲ĲԿȫսûгڳûȥڸղŵĵȴģ˿̹㳡ϵղűýѹ
˶Ŀ⿴Զ̨֮ϣɫ価ǿš֮ɫ
տ˽Ҫ˭̭˭ܱ¼ȡһ̽
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һ֮ͨҦغɫһ࣬ԸٵѣθԽɡ
˵ţһдõľݸԱߵ١
پһ񣬺Цɵ򿪾ʱɫһӱׯأĿ硣
˴οУʮ꣬Ϊؾߣ̭
ʮ꣬Ϊؾߣ̭
ʮ꣬Ϊؾߣ̭
ʮ£Ϊؾߣȫ̭
ٲ죬羪ף㳡ؼ䣬һ̭ڳŮԶľƽ
ЩֱӱиԿʧܵŮɫף¶಻֮ɫסᡣ
ȷԵúܻ˳ЦҲӲ֤ЩŮȷֻǸӣ£꣬һϵĳˣٲʣֻҲᵱᡣ
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ٳڣʱ㳡е龰ưҰңЩʧ뿪ͨ˵ʱֻ»ʣһЩҲɡ
ܿ죬ǧʧȥʧڹ㳡ϡ
ܶ˶ϧΪǧʧܵУһЩ˵ĳɼȫϲĸԿУɾͿͨ
źǣ긮Կ˲ͬΪһҦغõò˴θԿ˵ǣеҲӿӶõþñҪΪпͿ̡
ѰԴ᲻ֻһҲЩɻ󣬶Ѿʼ˽ˣЩһѵŲ֣
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ʱĹ㳡УǧŮ֮ڽʱУҪ̭һǧˣ
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Ѱ۾ȻһָоμԶԼԣ̫ƽˡ
Ȼڼ֮ǰһһֳеߣԶǳɼ֮ƾǵı֣Ѳٽмԣֱͨԣ
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궯֮ڳ˶סϢΣԼֳУȥԡ
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ĻҲеĲףһԥͿָһ㣺ԺѰƺҲ
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ĻһԱٵı飬Īظһ˿ĸо
һɨܣʱ֣˿ⳬȺǸһЩٳǴƺԶЩԾƺַֻ·ѵȴһá
ĻһʶԼοܷǵûﵽѰܻһЩ鷳
Ȼһپɫһ࣬øȻλض棬ΪѰĿ˳ɼ㲻ΪȴûܽͨԿ˵ɣ
̨һڴԶĬͷ
λõҦغҲ¶ɫ
ڹ㳡ϣԭڵȴԵһŮԣԶһ㶣еЩɻѰôˣ
ǿɲԵɡ
ɡҦءȺ˶ףɫһӱܣĿԴɨȺеѰһȴϷļơ
Ѱа̾һȻԼϣЩֵıѾʼˣ
ĻգĻΪԼƽʱлΪã֪Է俴ԼĴǴϣĻٶѾѵá
ʱվڸ̨ϣȻʵʲȴ۵㣬ֹǵжӣֶǰμӸԿˣ
ԴǺֱ˵俴һ֣ɵ⻰ѧԺԺ˵ʱԵˡ
ȫȻ
ڳֹǰĶٳǴѧԺϰԼǧ븮Եߣٶһ˲ʱ֪ܵ𾪺ε֮
±Ȼģٵݺ͵λҪȥһꣿ
һֶ
ǰڳϲ㣬ֱ޲ô̾һһν˵Ŀ
ҦҲȻЦ⣬˵һӡ÷ڣüɷ϶дͷ
̲סҲЦޱȣǶѧԺԺĽԣѰֻܻ켣ƽСɫѵڸԿ·ϱ̣
Ѱû˵ҲûЩȻĿ⿴Ÿ̨ϣһģ٣Լ¶ɫٳǴҲɴޣЩеĽԼñӣЩϻ쵰湻񶾵ģ
һȥԺѰлٲμԣҲȻӰ죡
֮Ѱܰ飬ԺɻڴҲᱻôＥЦڿ࣬ĪеĶ
Ժ˻˿һ븮Կ˵ߣʧͳ
ѰӦĻ̲סʣղͱһ¨ӣԲٷµڶ
ȴٻֵС԰ꡣ
˵ţĿ磬ɨȫѰϣҼȻ˵ӵг֤֤һУҵݣҲȥݺһˡ
ȫȻʧǵɫó֤ݣѾ˴롣
Ӱڴ˶İѰٿǶٳ׹ĴֹǶѧԺԺǳָһλʵ麣ǿߣ
˵Ļ˭ɣ
Ѱ㣬ǲƽ˫ľ
أٴȳ羪ը졣
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ֺڵɵĶһЩϲ̨Ȼʲôˡ
ڳ˶ƽжҺͰ࣬ȻҲ֪ڵܶ࣬ɵ˵ʱζͱˡ
Ŀ֮£ѰĬƬ̣ͷ
ȫһ궯û뵽Ѱˣʵ˸ղԺһ
Ҳû뵽ѰϻĳˣʵЩ⣬Ͳٶ롣
Ѱ̫ᣬ˿̵ķӦȫǱԼ㣬ٵֿȥʶʱ
㣬ڰɿЩڵԱǰҶѧԺǰֵģҲ㣿
ٶȴȣ˫Ŀ磬ˣٲȻͬһͽ㡣
ǰ˽סһȻ춫ѧԺǰ־磬Ǵٳǣ˭뵽ⱳһʹ
ˣ˵һ־ʵһı
һ̣ѰɫңĿֱӸ̨ϵ٣
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ˣױɿģԺԼ޹صʱͱֵ޼ɵ
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һ̣˷ǧָìͷԶָѰһˡ


98 
ǧָ
ѰҲû뵽Լһ쾹
ΧЩ޲ðԼ̻Ŀ⣬ЩȺ鼤ߵӣǸ̨һȻϼһȻЦˡ
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ϣһĨЦ˴ۣ·ڳŪˡ
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أٳȣɫ
ԤУѰ֮ͬȾ£ҪôΪŭ粵Ҫôʹ㣬ȴû뵽ѰɻЦ
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ȫԭŭָ𡢳ѰȺʱһĿˢˢѰ
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ѰϵЦݣÿ˶оܲ죬ܻӿ޾ķŭӣʱ˿̾ȻܹЦó
ѰΧյģεӰֻɴʱȴ·ȻĿɨܣϣЦ飬ǷǣֺڰףƾЩҥԣΪʮ֮۹ϽУڳˣؽΪЦΪ۹Կеĳ裡
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һֱԹ۵Ҧغ˿Ҳײü
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ѰĿ⿴ⳬȺɫǵɫǷֳһĨЦλ峤ɣҵҪһʣǰЩ˭ͺڻϻϵҹɫг˶ҽΧˣ
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ʱֺ޵Ѱһ¹ˮ̵ģֱ̫ɶˣ
һ̣պıó
ѰĿ⣬һĨ״ĸӣв죬ҲʹޣоɣҲֻ壬
ѰȴƻȻѾȥˣԶԶڳЩϼһĶ֣ʵȵʶԼȥԿʵ
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ԭͱȺһһѧԺϰԣϷһĨɱ

ڴʱĻȴȻлңҲһ˿ȻҧλϢŭѰǱҼҴӿеˣԲʮ֮
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һԱܵĿ·һޱȵ£ĳһеȥռУ



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ѵҦҪԶ֣
һ뵽⣬нԶܣҦغ۹ʡǿߣʮǰڵ۹Կһսܵۿ
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ѰɫףӿһĨݣѹʹ޷Ҫܲסѹء
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һ֧صĶ鸦һһεȫѻȸ
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գϵһλ򿪳ţȻ΢΢Ǳ׼޿ޡ
߳һŮˣͷ߸һ֧ɫοշɻľб٣ȥᣬӨ׽۵Ƥ·𴵵ƣһԴεɫ˫һλ߶еĮ
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һŵ䡢šһŮˣɢһļšڰλߵĮȻϡ
ڳ֮Уȴûܹģ˵ҰУֻһԼ޳·޾ڰеӰ֮⣬ȫޱ߼ʵĺڰ
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ŮѸٿһۣǰĿ⿴Զ



101 ʥ
ʮλɫ͢³Ĭǧʴĵܣҹصĺɫԣ΢΢̬ͣ޿ޡ
޾ڰŮˣѰǰС֣Դεɫ󺣣СŮޱգ֮Ƿһ˿֮ɫ
һСͬǰŮ˵ӣڵ˫Уźεľ衣
죬о͸еһ˿ֱ꣬һ˿ңǰŮʱףԭĸԴͳǰŮϣѰ޹ء
µһŮЩ
ĬƬֻ̣һ˿о
Ůƺ⣬߳ĮҲһĨ֮ɫӽߡ
ĿƽȻȴɣΥ档
ԱߵѰһеζȷ֮κء
ѰһɷŭٶȵȼҪջǡ
ղŵҦغҪѾѰеޱȷߺޣͻȻֵŮˣҪԼߴߣʼգƺ˶Ĵڣ
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ֻǾ˸ղһĻĻ粨ڳ˶ĲɣԵùơ



102 Ȼȥ
ĺɫʱһ粨ϵĸԿĻ
ֻǹǣйص췢һз粨һϢҲûдȥͷ·һֻδڰѹסһ͸Źصɫʡ
ԲμӸԵߺͶѧԺһڽϰѧЩ鱣˳Ĭ
ֻ֪˴θԿ˾ٰĺܳɹҦغ£ѡγһǧ˲š
֮飬ٳѰǸ˽ⲻġ
ڸԿ˽֮ҦغڵϱҴ뿪ٳǣһڴҲûǰ㣬ظԽʢ磬ԶصķؼС

ʯիĻնڷ˼ã췢һи˼ĳ
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һУĻ룬һȥѰסȥһиķ֡

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ҦغһãĿԴһҲֹؼ޸㣬ǶԸǸѰҲṩ

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Ѱߴ߽գʱһЩϤӢꡣ
ͬʱӢҲѰ΢΢һʱŭȵСƭӣһȭѰݺ


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103 ߱ѪӪ
䣡
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Ӣһ㶣ȼһߣǰĿ⿴ѰҧСƭӣͷˣʰ㣡
Ѱһ˭ˣһν붫ò֮Ҫ뿪ʱһȺѪӵŵꡣ
ʱԷʹѰΪһģΪѰӡ̵ǣ꿴ģӢϳɣʵҲʮѡ
ֻѰֵǣΪһԼƭӣһŭģ
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ѰҲһڻᣬɾϲ˵һѣֱǸ롣
ѰҲӆ£ɵĻУףԭеĿĵأһ߱ѪӪĵطƺΪ˽ĳּΪпļѵ
˵ġᡱ
ѰĬĬš

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ԦһֱںȾƣģѰⵣģһʲôô죬ɸ߿֮ϣ˵侳ߣֻҲˤһ̲Ѫⲻɡ
˵Ҳһֵּ߰ͨ׭ͼԴһ¯
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ֵһǣ龧;㣬ֹΪͼṩ裬ܡҩȷ棬ŲɹãһּҪԴ
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ֻǶڶԷΪѰн٣⣬վͻġ
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ڵһ붫ٳ֮Ѱһֱڲ鼮ͼҳйؿɽλãʧܸա
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ӵԸɱҪ޷죬ȴȻ˵ȻҲòضԴ

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һ̣˶Ŀߵʮ䷿ϣ¶־ڱص֮ɫ

͵شԶһ޺춯أһͷۼ׵Ѫͫȷ棬ײ֮
Ⱥһ궯ѪͫԺǿ߶Կˣ֮
ɽһɲͷŵѪͫͱСһڵϣͨһ죬̳Ľƾõڳ˶һ𣬿СĿɵ
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˶ʱ¶Ϊ֮ɫǻѪͫײкװǿƴһƴϱﶼߣֿȭ˭ҺһͷѪͫӲƴ
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ʧˣأսʵ˷˵ʱ䡣Сƽһ䡣
ȴȻᣬĿȵĶѪͫеɣ


106 ̬֮
С̧̹ţͷѹƵѪͫͳٶ磬ݺݱӭɡ
צ೤˵Ѫɫ󣬷ƥ˺ѼӲʯ
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ǷαԹҲᴬһѧԱľС̬ȾͲҡ
ûãһͺͺɽϣСһѧԱ߳
ɽХС޳Ӱͦվںڵ̷ڷƮҷһƮݵС
Ǳ10ѵзֲ룬ҪģսСʱ
Сָɽ£һƬܴʯ̲
룡
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𿴴ֻаƴСǿȺޣһǳǧϰ٣Ѳޱȡ
ѰҲȻ뵹Ǻɱؾߣ԰쵽һ
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飬û˸ΥСѡ֮󣬽Զҧ嵽ɽһƬʯ̲С

ǵһ10ѵҲ̫Σգǲĵء
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Сɫƽڲ̭ԺҲᱻ̭ǰһЩ̭á
һƨʯϣ۾ɽ£ЩѧԱѾʼ10ѵж
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СüĬ

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ѵ10ѵĲ֣ΪѧԱĥսͳ־սˣѰңҲҵѵİȫ֮ء
ѰԺɿ˼Ȼ㣬ٱУҪСʱսʡв˷ѵ
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ܿ죬һֻֻӵ³һӲӵĻ⣬Ŀɲ
Ѱƽһսһˣڣü罣Ϣ߶ȼУͬʱ֪֮ɢܣĴ󹭡
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ѰĿǰıֺȣֻѰˮ׼
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룬㿴жɴ˴ѵ
ʮҡСڱһ֡
ʱ̾Ϣһɾ͵̭֮һѧԱѵĵһ찡˵һ£ºӪضԿУܲ
Сɫ˿ͷƽжѧԱҪҪжľѧԱ
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108 нԹ
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Сʱ̣ܶɶʱʱ̿ҪһѧԱԣʱȴԵ쳣
ÿһÿһ룬ܹ֪ġ
39ӪеŮǣΪǻصĴڡ
Ѱؾģ٣ڵ׵λС
ΪսıԴΪԽǿӵеսԽ㣬ǳԵĵ
ⷽϣѰҪԿ١
ڳ֮лֻɲ֪ѰصΪ֮£ӵžԲؾ۷ε̶ȣ
ʶѰ̫ԼǷֻ̭ҪǰսֶƽȥСʱӦòѡ
ֻûãѰɫһһȻ߿
ԷϢ΢΢ЩңһȺ׷ӰЩǱƺҪ֧Ųס
ǣ֧һ󣡡
긦һҲһȺ׷ɱõѰѹ
ΪѰüǣ·ԼƣֱӶԼһ㶼
С̹˵໥ɱѰԻԷһ
ɺȻѰһôעܳͷɾζ̭
Ҳǿһ㣬Ÿ޼ɵ
٣ƺҺܲı󲻻æҸϽ־ͳλȨأһ㱻̭ˣһ˵һһ֮ٻ󡣡
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С飬ţԺһ֪ʲôıɭȻ˵
ʮ꣬ԴǺ壬鱩Űǰ˲֪ǰ顣
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ȷԣʼڽ̸Ѱһֱ֣ͣҲ֣ͣЩ̫ˣ飬һֻ֣ͣķѰ
ıɣʶѰԱߣܵĹ٣ȻûжΣգһܼĽʡ޸
ȷ˱˭ãֻҲᱻñףɱ˵Ķˡ
ֻѰˣЦˣһΪȻģ
ͬʱѰսȴȻһս־á־
ৣৣৣ
ʱ֮䣬һУסһֻֻ룬˦һߣҲ֪⣬ǡóԱߵı棬δܵһ˿˺
ЩûʲôǻۿԣԼûֱӾͳ˾ı
ıɫһ䣬ٶܣս
ɵɱȺ룬һȺѰ˦õıѹ
Сң
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Ⱥ뷢˻ϳı󣬰̣Ŀֱ޲һѰ
ŭĹʱҲƣڱֻܲɱ޷ղǰɡ
ҪǣѰԶһһصΧʱڸ޷ɱΧ
Ҳζţıû·ѡֻӲͷƤɱС
С飬ţ˱үⱲӳˣıŭ
ʲô˵ȷԷ㳤ģѵһҵģֲ˳㸸ĸ֪˱̬Ļֻ»İɣ
ѰһȻԴȴǼ񶾣СڿɽۼֶΣֱı֪ȥˡ
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ʱ벻һѰҲܣΪΧʵ̫ˣԱЩ᧿Σ
ߵĶҲѧԱע⣬ֻüã˼һ㡣
͵ʴףޣûϢ¼ӣԶɲм˿ĭ޼ɵĴı
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ȻһеֵĪţ㡣
ͼԶһӰ˸һɫƥХɲ֮
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ݲһֳǹΡȻĿⶢѰɫо֮⣬һõڳ˷׷׽кá
ͲѰ˵ĻᣬıԶ
ѰüһУЦѣʲôƨĿӺͬ飬һȻģƫıˡ
ĺԼֽޣ
Ц
ѵԷΪԼͽɣ
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ѰݲһںһжԼĲŽĴ
ʱѰѾвٿԼĿУѴһĨ͵ӡ
ı󣬱ݲӾߺһֱԹĶԼõѰҲһĨɱ
ӪѧԱȷǸСŵĲ´ЬģѰʲô鶼ɵó
һУҰѻʵѰ̬Ǹ¶뿪¹뿪ټɵһУ
Щ˼ܿͱѰѹĵףרɱУʼգɫй仯
߱ѪӪѰֻҪùأӹأùأԱ֤ԼȻ
ȻлᣬѰԻԥɱ˶Է
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ɽϣСջĿ⣬һƽ
ղŷһжУȴδٷӦ
ִܳ߱ѪӪУӽ쿪ʼᷢܶܶƵ飬ȸղŵѪȵֻࡣ
СҪģά߱ѪӪĹֻҪΥκһ˿Ԥ
߱ѪӪԣ໥ſԣ˴˳Ҳԣͳͳӹأ


109 
Сʱ10ѵо˱̭ʣʮˡ
̭ٶȣһֱսķ궼̾ϢСʼղһü
ʱƣѰĴ룬ѲɿƵ΢΢Ϣͷϸܺˮ
ĿרעᶨٶȺ;׼ɱŸˮƽ״̬
£ɱѶѻһ߸ʬɽĿġ
ֹѰѧԱͬˡ
սʱûٷģԶŬ֧ţѾҪû˭ʱ̭֡
ԵɵֻȼˣɡʯȵȣݲӼıһսҲԵý磬ԳΪǿսˮƽ
лмؾѧԱɽϵСȻʵ
ͫУƺڸ֪ʲô˵ֻʣһˡ
С̧ͷȥͼڷ˵ͬʱٴһҽһ֧Ųס
ȻǷԵѧԱ֮һֻǿϧ˿ѱ̭֡
̾Ϣ̭Сһ츳ܹܲƾؾΪֵڣһ˿ɱȡ
СĬ˵һؾѧԱ˭
ңңָָѰ˼СһҲ򵥣㿴ĵƮһɱֻսǿ߲ףֵЧҲֲġ
СһֵȷܶأӦһֺĶؼֻСΪ̫ͣ԰ⲿӳ
ЦѾܲˣյеľ裬ֻһͿ׼硣
С룬Ȼһģ
ҡͷȥߡ
ߣС溱ĳĬƬ̣ͷԸӦԸ˵ģɱ¶һ֡
ʼ磬ʾͬ
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ھҪʼΪĺɫѪ׼
С浭Ȼֻһʱ䣬ǰ׼
Ƭ̣̾Ϣˣ뷨Ҳ֪һ֮ڣ϶ᷢܶôִ̫٣
صעζʲôζСУЩѧԱֻ˿Լֵһ꼯ѵˡֻᱻ̭֣
ͬһʱ䣬ԲܶСڼѵһôЩǡ
ڴˣСĬԣ϶飬Ӳı䡣

ѵʱִСʱʮʱ10ѵֻʣ¶ʮѧԱڼս
ǶǱѡǱģɾѰ
˿̻亹ʪɫ΢΢԰ףٴϢţҲ޷ȶЩҡڣѾҪ֧Ųס
Ѱ֪ԼΪλˣ֮ǰΪıĸţһ̶ϴսĽ࣬˷˲ҪھԲǱ
ɺޣôûб̭ԶıһֱʱʱĹ۲Ѱ޲ѰǳȺ̻ˡ
ֱڣѰǱһֱûе£ıмȵĲʡ
20ӣڵ״̬϶ֲ󡣡Աߵݲ˵Ϊһ۾ͿѰǿ֮ĩ
˾ͺã˾ͺãıЦ̭һҸһ⣬Ҹ˰ѴӸץ뿪߱ѪӪ֮ʱǸ֮գ
ԹѰѰ޵
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һ̧ͷѰһۣһüСܹƾؾΪֵڣ˲ĺܡ
ۼѵʱֻʣңһҧûѰһѣһ·ͬУһ߱ѪӪҲн飬ܼȡ
ȻʯӰ֣Ҳ֪⣬ǡõɺѰ֮·ϡ
СʲôɫһʯûκκøС
ʱȥںʯ赭д˵
֪ƨɴҿһǴֵܱ̭ڲ֮У
ŶԭֵܣΪθղıӺʱȴԹۣĪҲɵıӣʯЦż
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ʱԶȻһС
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ЩĲɣĿֱųУѰϣСӾȻûе£ϰ
СһüУȻͷ֣ѰĿ԰ףӰļ£ƫƫɻڼ֣Щ룬۶٣Ǳ֮յɱ
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һ뵽⣬кȻӿһ˵ζ󼸷ӱֻ̭»ɹĳش˵ԺӰ쵽ĵ;
ɷҲزƻС涼ȥκΰ
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ȻСƽ޲ϣ¶һĨȻ
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С浭Ȼһ仰תԶıһͷ̷ɽƮҷ裬ӰԼ͡
߱ѪӪѵĵһ죬ѰƾԵͻƣһϮûб̭֣Ϊ39ӪضʮѧԱΨһһؾѧԱ
ಣ
СһѧԱڿշɶݶȥ
糿ĵߵһЩߵ룬òʱ䡣
߱ѪӪѧԱԣɾòʱ䡣



110 츳
߱ѪӪʳá
ռ伫󣬰ǧΣΪʮ򣬶ӦʮӪò͵ĵط
ѰŽľʱסһ죬һʹʹ
СʱĲսֹѰһգǿǶһĸо
ƾһǿԳţѰԼʱ̶Թȥ
ûãͣһƨѰ棬ٺһЦȻһЩͿʵϵϹ͢ˮ׼ˡ
͵ȷܲһ࣬ĵˣԼʮͷ
һּ亱ġȡɣһſʯӨ͸˱ǣĵҲԸߡ⿣ɫζȫͷѪͫȹɣֹζ̺żΪ
ѰҲϻֱ̻Ĵһ޵׶
Ҳˣһߴʣһߺ˵ѰǰСˣͳ10ѵıֵ֣Ҷۿ
Ѱ˸ۣһĿô񣬾ëԺ϶ǳ鷳
ˣݲ飬ҶУԺһҸһڶڵ
Ѱһͣ¿ӣ濴ŶɣΪʲôҪң
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۵Ļ⣬йһЩڽ߱ѪӪ֮ǰѧԱ顣
Ҳ߱ѪӪ˴ȡѧԱԶͨǧѡһ츳ڣʲҴ䲻򵥣ܿƶӵܡ
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ѰĬüγ嶯Ҫѯһ¡Ԩ񷡱飬ջסˡ
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ʯȴԹ˵˵βֹǰϬˣͷۿҲˡ
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û취˭ҷͬһӪУܲԹۡʯʼ硣
ǳۺһӪأʯ
ʯЦЦû˵ʲôתȥ
ˣѰʵ
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ͽʱѰȶʮ39ӪصѧԱԶ֪ͨͨ10ѵѵԻ֡
ҲʱѰ֪ǵһµսѵʵӦñ19ѵУսҪװȫһЩ
10ѵʵΪڶµսѵ׼
ѰԴ˰Ųʲô飬ҪǷοС̹Ů˶ԣ㿹ֻҲûʲôá
ΣӪأѵĵһ죬39Ӫе̭ߵġ
ձʱʮˣһʱ䣬ֻʣ¶ʮˡ
Թ緹ֿʼ˽ŵѵ
С39ӪѧԱ뵽һ¶ͷգȡ
ѰҪģСʱ֮ڣ޸ָ״̬
СʱСִѰǽнɱѵѧԱһһͽɱʤһΣɻһ֣ʧһΣ۵һ֡
ֱٽʱſʼ͡
Ѱ峿ո׬֣Ѿ㣬ȫ׬ߣû취ڽɱѵУѰǩɵĳ鵽ɡ
ҲܲңΪѰΪ޷ᲢۣսҪԶԶʤɣȴԷɣѹʧܣʤΪ㡣
緹ʱ򣬿űԼñ׵ѰɽסһЦѰ޵
ѰͻȻ˵һκʯʱԷɵۡǷᡣ
ʱѰǱ߽һյķշ䣬һ̨̨Ϸһͭ餡
߾֮ͭǰͦһĳǹ沿ʯӲ䣬Ц
ĿɷУܴõ˸ҺĿԽӡ
Ҫѧϰ֪˽ˡ
Դһǰ࣬һ֣һʵͭ餣¶һصʬ


111 ڰ
ʬûʲôһ˶ֻǻλãӡһͼڣǲǴ࣬һļ
Ǻڰͥڰеһʬ壬Ӧò˶˵۹ĵ˱ǺڰͥںڰͥУΨһǵС
Ӳ絶ƽ
˵ʱʬ˳ڸ̨ϣѧԱ
Ѱڶٳǿ鼮֪ڰͥλڵ۹ԼϽĶĵϡ
һƬδ֪յĵط˵׵۹Ҫ࣬ڰͥ㽨Уڰɣֱһ塢Ԩħ»塣
ÿһȺԶʷƾ֮׷ݵǰ
׵۹ʷϣֹһκͺڰͥսʤ٣Ҳ꣬ƾ赱۵ĸȶס۹ƣڰͥΪ۹˶ݵ̫ƽ档
ȻЩֻ鼮ϵƬܣѰ޷Ժڰͥγһ֪
ǰһʬ壡
һ干Ÿ֧ÿһ֧ӵжصս츳ǰʬ壬һеĻ֧ھŴ֧λеġ
̸߲ǰǰԼࡣ
壬ӵϰսʿȵ۹ĸʡ߾ӣǵ챻ָĿֲڣ۹֮ԵģΨ־εĴǿߡ
壬˴֧ͬС졣
ǲͬūʿʿסΡǰʬ壬ǻеľżū൱ǵؾߡ
߽ܣѰһʵ磬Ƴƺͬʵƿϣ󾳽Ҳûʲô
ūӦ侳ߡ
ʿӦߡ
ʿӦ麣ߣһʿֱʿǧɽУ׷ɱľһ麣εʿ
ϣ
жһѩУһ˲ϢпʬǻĻͼڣʳѪอɼ漫֮Ѫȡ
ɫ˿䣬ֱָӲƿǻУ̳ܿһѪܵɢŻȳ
ҪɱУҪ˽˵һУǻ֮أԶǻͼڣսʱữΪһͼڻס࣬ͬʱҲҪȫΪ
ʱУһޱʽʬ壬һ߸һѧԱʬ幹㡣
ȻܶŮЩܲʬɢĶѪϢǿţϸ
ɶһָƣ˺ܻǰɱ˶ӵ˷ḻľͼʶ
ֱʱѾȥ˰ʱϴһ˫̴֣ӣÿһѧԱһ鼮
鼮м¼йһ֪ʶ
ߵҪܼ򵥣󣬻һοˣݾһ֪ʶ˺ϸߣɻһ֣˲ϸߣᱻ̭֡
γ֮Ѱ39ӪصѧԱֱһдͼĴУ־ѵ
ֱʮ֣ѰӴ߳ʱ˫ȶЩɫ΢΢ףɫأܱ򶨡
ѧԱԵòͬˣеĻ£ݲϳ鴤еħ㣬ҲеĴ˻йʲôһ㡣
Ѱܹ򶨵ģֻ˾ˣҲѰһɫ΢΢ףĿЩ㱡
ղŵ־ѵп̬ǴвõĴͼܹͷųĸ£߰ĺ䣬׵ĺ쫷ļХ϶гѹȡ
ЩѧԺҪģоһСʱҲκһ˿
ζֱ浶桤ǹɱҪʹĥˡ
ĿѹȣҲһרһĥѰֻ¸ֲ˼Ӿͳױ
ΣѰǶʮһֱûб̭һȷǺܲˡ
һѵҲ˽
֪һʱ˶ס˿Ƥûûεļһһϲĳ嶯
̫пˣ
賿ĵ㿪ʼͿʼиֲп̬ѵɱͬһӪѧԱɱŶѪ߽ʬĿγ̣־ѵ
ѵĿ࣬ÿһĿ԰ĥȥֱͬڵһ⡣
ڳѧԱԶǰҲ֮Ҫʲôʲôܹ
һױлټʡ츳ԶΪֻ¸ͼֲ
һľҲ˶߱ѪӪǸʲôطһУòпݣǱ̬

ͺܷḻһö鵤
ߣҩ֮ΨҩʦܹƳΪϡ
߱ѪӪ׼鵤ΪǴΪͨһϵȵҩ磬һŵҩֵʮҵļֵ
ɴҲԿֻҪܹÿĲпѵ̭ͬҲܵĸ
֮һѵѧԱԷؾס֮أû
ѰɴǱƺڰɽУһĲпѵƣ޲õͷ˯
ݺ˦˦ͷѰǿԳ񣬰Ѵϴ̷ʼ
39ӪصĶʮѧԱУΨһһؾߣΪϣصĶܺ
ѰҲ֪ĿǰԣԼûЩһȡ
ɡʯݲӡ㡢ĲЩѧԱһԶ񣬴ӳһ𣬾עͱ˲һ
֮ԴĹ̷ҩܵн޲䶥⣬Ͼռ˼ơ
ǶԱȣѰԵЩΪڵԵʣಡ㶼û취ʮʱΪؾУ粽ǰ
ֱͷϲûʲô
ΪͨؾԵʣѰй켣׷Ťת̶̲һʱУͻƽӵصΪ
ֽٶȵȷƾޣǺӪѧԱȣվһĲࡣ
Ѱ䱦ڳʱȴԴ˵ΪȻ˵ڴɿʱֵҩǶˣ㲻ʲô
Ѱɿ˽⵽39ӪصѧԱУʮͿһͻƽɫ
Լ֮һʯݲӡЩҲĪˡ
֮ԲѡƾΪ˰Ϊļ޵زһڽʱͻӵԶѰ˵Ŀֲ
ңԽۺ񣬶ԺоԽ洦
˸Ƿһζ׷ٶȣͬ¥пãһἫ谭ӰԺУ״
ǺӵܵнԸ竰裬ᣬĻͳѬգõעߺܶ·ԶԶƶӵܿɶԱȵġ
ʵ
ѰҪ׷ϺͳԽˣΨиŬʱ䡣
ԹͷףԶġ



112 
̺Ӵ͵ʱɻѹѰƾصΪһ鵤ʱʹ֮УҪһ
Ҳܼ򵥣ʱ̷̫ĵҩк棬Ϊǵȵҩ̺ʵ̫Ӵ󣬸Ϊǳܹ֮ܣ̷ˣҩҲɢ⣬װ˷ѵ
ѰԴ䲻⣬ʱ࣬Ҵ⡣
ֻѰȻû뵽ǣһӣͱһգʼʼգûвһ˿֮У˵ʹˡ
ҲѰ϶ɵѴˣԼԼΪĵеԵʣѾ̫̬
Ѱһǿҵĸоһ̷ʮҲû취Լܲס
ԭӵбԴԨ񷡯ѱ˶ȥͻѨϣȴĵУһУԼӵ޷ӵе츳
ѰΪı仯ס˼
ɿе֪йء츳ԡһЩ֮ѰһοʼԼ
ȷ仯ˣûǰĺ֢һԼʱúȫͬ
ѵҲһֶص츳ԣ
Ѱȴ֪ѨϳֵĵУԼвֹûкԼӵѰ󼰵
ѰӵеƷ֮ߣ˿ȣɵƷҲ
Ѱɽйɱᵽһ㣬Ȼ̶ԶԶԷΪҲԷƷϣȴȫѹ˶Է
ˣѰҲܺɲɱʱչֳѰԺǿ
ƷԽߣԽнĹʶ
ʱɶԴ˾͸еΪ𾪣˵ǰͿʼѹƾ磬һĥƷʣΪӵеƷѾǿ˭룬޷Ѱ⡣
Ҳܷѽ⣬׷Ѱΰ쵽ģѰʱɴñףȻһ
һҲӲ֤ĵеĴڣȷѰúȫͬ
ȻĿǰΪеͣѧԱһ룬ѰԼŬȥֲֻԽԽСֱճԽǣ
ѰظˡСڤĴǿô࣬Ŀǰֻø֪֮ǿ࣬ɶԺȴŲɹĺô
ʶѰǶϲΪˡСڤ
ֱڤϣ賿һңѰаһ̾ʱ仹ǲð
ѵܲпᣬҲܽţÿһһ붼ڵжȹҲһ˿лᡣ
ѰʱҲ࣬ꡭÿһҪķһʱ䡣
ҲζţѰҪһĥͲΪֻ˯ߵʱ䣡
ãѰΪټΪǿ첻˯Ҳʲô⣬ֻˡ
ôҲǳ֮ƣвһһϦܹƾʱɵģҪݽϡһһڣѵ״̬
ѰҲ֪ϧĿǰʵ̫Ƿȱʱˣ߱ѪӪеľּΪпᣬʱ̶ܱ̭֡
ΪֵܹѰҲֻѡƴˣ
ֻǽûһΪǽˡͨؾС
ÿ죬ͻһδءսǧˡĻᣬÿһսǶǵһִ
ֱѰѾдʮΣÿһȻʧܸգȴͻõһδҲһֽ

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ϤĺϣѰӰٴδǧٲĹ͸߷ϣݺķ˳ȥ
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һĽһѰľȴΪƽΪһδأѾԳ嵽һɽİɽλá
֮ڴءǧˡĵ·ϣѰѾɹһ룡
ǧˣͨؾеƴڶأܹһ˴δػᡣ
ܹڵʮĴδʱӵһĳɹᣬѰҲܣһЩϣ
ƴһأѰƵİأһСڤĽ
ôܹǧأɽۣ֮մƴڶأֿԻʲô
Ѱڴ

ʱһȥ
߱ѪӪÿܽųʵÿһʱ䶼Եһ
սѵɱѵ־ѵԼʡʷԾȡɱǱӶݵȸۿγ̣Ѱʱ伸ѹեһա
ϣѡ˯ץҹʱ䲻ҡ
ΪѧԱܳϵʱ䣬ڵڶĸѵиϳѧԱ
֮Ծ˲пᣬһû˸ı̭֣һҪԭ׬ȡ֣
ʵսѵۿγ̣ǰߣԶԻøߵĻ֡
ֵĶ٣һѧԱɼͬҲ߱ѪӪжһӦĸָ絤ҩԼԽ̹ٵָ㡣
һܺϡ
ڳ͵ʱɺȻЩ죬Ȼûб̭׬ȡĻּһֱһ֪ζʲô
ѰͷҲЩء
39ӪУΨһؾΪճĸѵУѺѧԱ֡
ڽɱĻϣÿʧһοҪ۳һֵģѰÿεսֻӮ٣׬֣׬ǮĻִȥ˲١
ۿγ̷棬Ѱıֻһ㣬ùѧϰ棬ѧԱ׶Ը۶ĿȾƲǿʶʶ㣬ɼȻˡ
ѰΪڿɽУӴ֪ʶΪۿܹõһĳɼѾܲˡ
֪ʶϵ첻ˡ
һߣֹҪսҪȥԾȡܡΣաˡű󡢼ԦƵȵ֪ʶ
ףζѰܵĸͻ٣Ҫǵ½ʱ39Ӫһͻᱻֱ̭֣
ûֻһƿ£ʮţȥã»ʱ䣬ҿɲϣһôˡ
ɺȻóһƿݸѰһ档
ѰһĬƬ̾ЦǲֵҸ㶪
ɶݺݵⲻǷϻ39Ӫ˭֪ɵֵܣ̭ĸ飿
ѰʼεˣΪƤǣҴһ£ȡ̭
һʱѰٲҲ֪39Ӫֻжʮˣȴֳ˲ͬȦӡ
ݲӡı㡢ĲĵһȦӣ߻˲ˡ
ʯ˾һҲһȦӡ
ʣɺѰˣԭҲǸܻӭѧԱѰֵ֮ϲ˵ʲôʶػǺɱ˾롣
Ϊ˶ԴӵһѰıִ֮󣬰ݲӡڵһȦӣѺѰ׻ޣΪǱڵˡ
£Ѱϵɣ䲻ڱԣҲûԸ
ЩѰУȻ֪ôʵǵڱڰԼڣֻıֻɫ̲סҪԸԼ
ʣˣøı״
Ѱаݣ̾ô̭֣



113 
39ӪУΨһѰĥ͸ֻһˡʯ
ʯһȦӵĺȴһֱ¶ʲôҰģҲжԹ˭
ںܶೡУʯѰ̸Σ̸۵ĶѵйأʲôĿġ
ѰԴҲʲô
ҲǰżȻ˵ʯǵ۹ʯϥµӣҲʯ׵ܵܣ
ѰԷǷ֪ԼѰǷʯһ飬ʶǱʶﲢⴧʯ

ʳ߳ʱѰһֱ˼θıԼĴ벻½ʱͱ̭֡
˼ȥȴҪڶ̶ʱڸıһУĺѡ
ֱڣѰҲһͷҲûС
ľʹ䡣
ĺɫʮ֣ɳĮУʱӦʱ򣬲䲻ȣϦõ죬ͿĨ׳ɫʡ
Ӫеľڣ֮39ӪصѧԱԼͬؾס֮أץʱԼ
ѰӪǰĵ·ϣء
Ȼע⵽ԶĿյϣһݵͷſڵϣڰŪһƶ¯ֶ
ͷޱȣͷң۾֮أʲôһüչģ
Ѱ̲ס˹ȥͷһȴͷ֮ȷһ¯ԼĪ߸ߣͨ巺Ű֮ɫ
¯棬ϸ˿ܸ֮¯ȫǡ
һۣѰϳһ¯һұĺĲ
ģǲԾ䱸⣬ǵ޷ӿ챦ٶȣñĶòʧ
ͷҧгݣһɥģ૵ѵҵĳˣ󡯸޷ȡԭеġ»󡯣˵¯Ĳʳ⣿
ſڵϣԲİ㣬Եʧǡ
Ѱϸ¯ã̲סϲôŰѡ󡯺͡»ں
ͷԣʱȫͬƷҲͬںϸƨ
̧ͷһһʮ꣬ˣ̲סһ䳰ȷƺҪйз㣬һСƨѣҲϷǰߣϽһ΢ʦ֮ҲԿһδɵİ׳๵ģϽ
ѰһüϼһʦԴҿⱲҲ봥һ߾ˡ
仰תȥøƢϻ쵰ƽϡ
ޣССͻ˲ڵĺ֪ͦ񰡣
ͷݺݶѰıӰһڣȻͷԼƵ¯
ֱҹɫ٣һͷҲûУסһķң͵ץס¯Ҫˡ
ɾһɲԶȻһĽЦĪôˣ²ҸʲôϢˣ
һٻӰ㣬˲Ϣͷǰֻü䣬Ǳ׼Ķ쵰һͷ㷢΢ɢ󣬱Ĵ΢΢ŹһĨҰԡ
һƤƤ㣬խСƤ¼Ҫסزλû¶һѩϸ壬ӯӯһյ֫
޳ƤڷֱһԳϣճ˾Ķǵ
һġԸСҰԵƯŮˣվţҡҷڸ
˭һŮˣֻ¶뵽ֳۡ
39ӪصѧԱһϳƯԸ֮ŮˣŴ硢֮⣬ģȴС̹һģһ
ĪĸͷһǲɫĺݺһŮǹͱزһϲСˣ˵˵¹ѧԺϼһô˵ģ
СֵĵĪһۣٸ͵飬ɱҰеȫˡ
ĪеʲôǱϷЩŻѪƳľ֮
СԺ˽Īú⣬ϼһ˵ˣӢսϸ¯˵뷨Щ쿪Ҳûа취
Īһ񣬽֣׷ʣʲô취
Ѿĥʱ䣬ѾҪû뾹ܻ˺ϢֱǷ·תȼϣ
취Էû˵ֻҸ㣬Կǰѱ»˴ںһ𡣡С˫۱أĵǰһѩװʮ㡣
ĪȴѺһ˵ķ羰֮󣬶ʱֽеϼһˣӣôںϣ
Сһ²ؼģϢѾҪǾòУҲû취
ĪɫʱòΪϣ˭룬ȴһļ裬ղǰ׳Сӵʲô
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͵أĪסˣղСҲ˵飬ѵĿںһ
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39ӪУ̧ͷ治ȥ
Աߵıһ޳ӰһϮʽװںڵ̷ĺɫķз¶һİӡ
С档
˳һƺĲɵһһںţ·ûĻ
ǽһһִ֣˰ˣӲˡջҡͷתȥ
ĺɫһĨҹɫϮСϴһĨӰԶòҽ㡣
±СӰһǰָͦ˴ǰƽ͵ȻӰܿʧںڰС
ҹɫԽԽ
Ѱץʱɫׯ
֮ǰһ̷ʮڣһȵڱڣѭڡ
СʱѰһ𣬴Ӵ۾ĿһĨҫ۵âէָ֣ƽ
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Ѱ֪ڱ仯ϲ֣˿̵ΪѾؾԶˣ
Ѱϸᣬ͵طһĨ£Ȼ̧򶴿⡣
֪ʱһԸлӰǣҹɫ俴ʵȴһ˵
С˧ţȥһˡ
һǳĵЦѰֻǰһӦͱһֻٿȻɽ



114 
ҹɫµ߱ѪӪ类ڰֵһͷԶޣ˳˯У쳣İ
Ѱľţѻָ侲
Ųںڰдֻܴ۽пԼһ޳ֱĴȣԼһСڽѩϸ֫
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һ쳣ԸǻŮˣֻ޳ȲߺŲҡҷϸ֫޾ջ롣
ֻѰû˼һУҪ˼Ů˾˭Ϊξҹе߱ѪӪڰԼ°ߡ
С˧磬㺦ô
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Ѱɿ˵ֱͬܵͣӸԼһҴУڵһʱ䱻ιȥ
ŮһЦƺоѰĻشȤСӺܽƻҲԺ󻹲֪ҪСء
Ѱһתһߴһ·ϵĻһЦô˵ɾԩˣҴӲСƢܴҲԣú壬ֻϲĴˣǣĵĺܣҪǻ֪ˡ
飡Ѱűһ£ȻŮ˳ԳЦСӣռıˣ㵨ӿɹʵġ
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ѰղŵǿӲ̬ȺɣȴĪһ䵱ѰһڴӦԼʱҲһЩ



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ĪСһʱ˲ٶ죬Ŀһֽϡ



116 ֮
ĪɫԵúܼϸ
ʱüͷ壬ʱͫţʱɦͷɫòɷǾʡ
СֻƳһۣ͸оЩͷΣһֽϾǷܶӵͼЩһϲͨ
ŤͷһŵѰС̲סܽ⣿
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СĴǷһĨƵЦݣգˮ۾С˧磬ʧˣɲŶ
вɱֵ˵ѰҲĺݺһЦŷʣǳɹأֻαң
Сҧ촽Ըʮ㡣
ʵһѰȻ˵ûбɫͷԣ֪ǰĵĴԼ
Сüһ㲻Ưôһǻ㶼ܺľܾ㻹ҪʲôѵҪץʮ߰˸Сһ㣿
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ѰûޣãڴʱĪȻ̧ͷ۾оһѪ˿üͷָֽһͼ󣬵ͼУΨ⡮ӰԸ룬кô
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Īĺ棬۾ѰĽ⣬ɫҲһĨȻ
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ֻӮ䡭ظһ飬ѪҺţɣϲָо

ۿγ̣ѧԱû֣С̹ٲˣȥϿεǷꡣ
ͬʱǿտĲֿУһ䵭
õ
ɲ죡
ٺһ㣡
̫ܲˣ

ѰڱС̹ٵѵ˵ѵ˵Ǳݺ
һһεģɳƵıݺݻɳȥˤðǣףͷҪϵ
С棬ʼվԭûһϮ۹װӳĵǱͦһ͵ɽ壬ɺ
ԶСѰĿоԸеĴȴ΢΢СӶһЩҲãԺܿǿ
ĪԼоУȻңȥѰ˿̱жҡ


118 Ӫض
һСʱѰŰòҾ徣˶Щľ֪ʹࡣ
ǵѵСҲδֶΣֻһЩɱļɣͰѰûͷ
϶ԣսֶμ򵥡ֱӡֱСսעһЩ˼ļɣءһɱ
ѰƱһδε£ֲпѵУսԼӿ졣
ջ񣬸ĴۣܻöĺôС̹ٵ£ֵ쾡¡
ǰѰΪԼܽġֽСսˮ׼߳ǿ߽ʱŷ֣Լǰ̫ˡ
ԽԽѰԸ
һСʱıŰУѰֳǿ˵ԣȻÿһζսֶȴ𽥷ı䡣
ֱ仯С澡ս۵ףû˵ʲô΢΢Щ
ѵʼĵһ죬ͲѰѰΪ̫ͣѧԱȣӵеսֶҲڡ
Ѱڵһѵûб̭֣СҲΪѰжϮĿܡ
һдܵĻֳɼоܿʼգѰ39Ӫоǵ׵ĵһ
ҲϣС°ѰʱСӡ
䵱˵ѰԺЭĪӢսĸ죬ٲμ39ӪصĸѵʱСֱӾͲӦˡ
ѰٲҲСѧԱֱܾӱҪˣ
ҹС汾ǴѰߵģֻڲֿѰСĽ̸Ÿı⡣
ƾʲôҪСѵԼѧԱ
ЩСͬ԰쵽
ǣ˽һһѵԺÿ磬ֵѵȥ
ֻСȷû뵽ѰǿҶսҲΪ£һػһ𣬲ԾԸСѰĿ
СĿԼֵ
Сٿ
ܿ죬һСʱĽɱѵСһСʱָһСʱҴȥ10ѵ
˵գתȥʼգԶС

ѰڵϼٴϢľͣΨԺ쳣ãŸղһĻĻս档
û͸ϽڵҲû˿㡣С˹ۿѰĿоֻ
Ѱ͵Ŀ𽥱૵һָо죬Ҿͻˣ
СǱ׵ӣԼһȵĿ⣬ϷһĨɫ
ףվֻǸʮ꣬˭ϵͷ䣿
СóһƿҩͿĨѰϣΪʲô˿ǿ
ѰûоܾСĺ⣬˿Ϊ˸õȥɡ
赭дһ仰ȴƴСңٶԣĬѰͿĨҩֻǶ˲١
һСʱ10ѵ
Ѱֵɱ˽ý䣬һַɡ
Ҳ֪СҩǴЧĺãһСʱѰֻ¸޷˸ǿȵĲпѵ
ɽϣСĬĬһС
Сӿɺܲó˺ѩָơ겻֪ʱ
С
£СʱǶ̫ᣬСҲû٣ʱµĴֺαһֱҪǺģɫӵ
Щһ£ע޷ԭ¡˵⣬СüӣҺ£
С治Ը£̾˿˵¶ȿ˵Ĺȷ39Ӫؽ40ӪؽжԿʧܵһᱻõӪء
Сü40ӪصĽ̹ǲǰɣ
ͷթյļһӪĿǰʮѧԱеҲвѧԱϣ39ӪѾȫˡ
С浭ȻǾʤĹؼһҺ
ȴǵС棬39ӪˣֹӪػᱻõҲӽְ̹λӦ֪ζʲô
СĬƬ̣ѵѰǻӺɱӰ˵Ҷ뿪߱ѪӪȤ
ҡͷԡ

ֱҹɫ٣ѰͻĪĲֿУһأ˾һ̲ƵС
̫ˣ
һκɱһСʱѰһȱٱԹȥ
ֽ̬ѵѰĶܵƣľ
С׼ͣѰǿԳ̻
СӣͿµ¯ˣȻǸţһԤУֻҪİ취ȥһο϶Գɹ
Īɷ߹ϲɫ
ѰĲɵһĪ¯ʱҿɰĪһжҪԼ
ĪȻ㲻֣
ѰεһһѧͽĿ׭ͼ󣿡
ѧͽ
Īɴ۾Сӣ㲻ƭҰɣŵİ취Ƴ˶෱ܵͼȻ˵ѧͽ
Ѱ̾ϢֱҪԼ𣿡
ĪȻֽһָԼӣѧͽѧͽ磿
Ѱ˵ͷʤδҲ̫ǿˡ
Ī񿴹һѰȻƾֶΣȫרĴʦ·ԺԿӵ֮ĲƸصĵλαҪ᱾ĩ߱ѪӪнѵ
ѰʣأΪʲô߱ѪӪ
ĪɫʱЩӣԴǵһϲĻ쵰һβģ㲻һ
Ѱ۾Ī߱ѪӪеλ䳬Ȼ˾Ȼᱻȶ㵽ôһλ
Ѱ˵Һȷһ߱ѪӪĿĺܼ򵥣ΪһԲ˱ȵ䵽ز
𰸿ƶĪЩĪȴһӾˣ̾Ϣӵ־Ҳ䵽زˡ
˵ʱתȥݵӰ͸Щɪį
Ī˭Ѱ̲סС
һ۹еλߵʦСڴһ䣬·Ⲣһܡ
ʦ
ѰһǱƴʦҪȻĴڣֲĪҲֻܱƶһʦǼֱȵһλ쾳ǿߵĺҪأ

ѰüΪɣҲΪͱ̬
Ī̽ͼ󣬶Ӣս¯ĸԼĽ飬ᱻС浥иֲпѵ
ϣҲôĥ꣬Ħָǿת£Ѱ޲ðʱá

ѰΪ˳ͻؾġС족Σ
һνٶȲµɱ䣬ȵķ棬ѿ۷εǿߡ
ԽʱСݣĶѰ˵һ䣺СӻǸƵĹҶǷӵĳһֻûоѵ츳ˡ



119 ֮
ڽѰһֱڱŰͱǿѭС
СĵѵԴԴϵټѰԼĲиŬѰڼʱڷɱ䡣
ΪͻƣؾġС족磬֮Ժؾ۷ǿۼƷ֮ߣй֮޲
оȭͻƣﵽеԲزȭǻȭǵԲزʱһһʽȫ̥ǵı仯ǿƥ
ؼǣѰͨоȭҵԼȭǾǳΡΡ嫺̴Ԩ
ͻƣʶе˵Żǣø֪ΧŵԲʮɾ룬һз紵ݶԶĶĿ
ͻƣС˵ƾ֮ѰѲؾǿߣ
ΪϣΪʡӰأ覡
սϣѰսֹСָ߳ǿ߶Ծмȡ;飬ʵսɱ¾УЩ;ԶΪѰսһ֡
һеı仯ѰУÿɱСŰĻͷõĽһС
ѰֱǿĸоʱţԼ񾿾׬ȡ˶ٻ֡
ĪҲûţĵŸͼ϶¯е޸ģٲȻһտҵ״̬
ԶԣСҪв٣ÿѰͿĨҩ׼ʳżҲָѰһЩսϵľϡ

ʱƣ39ӪеҲԽԽš
ѧԱΪ¶ȿ׼ÿѵʱ䶼ϡ
¶ȿ˲ֹǷֵ̭⣬ϵÿһ˵ҫ
ǶˣѪգֶΣгǸҲ򵥣Ȼ޷¶ȿУӪصѧԱѹһͷ
˵һ¶ȿˣѹϵ39ӪصһʧܣӪضᱻõ
õӪأѵҲֻʧߵݱ䵽ӪУЩѧԱԣһĪ衣
ֵһǣھ¶ȿ˽ʣʱ39ӪмѰڣֻʣ¶ʮˡ
֮ʱѵУ½Ϊѵϸٶȱ̭֡
СҪ̣ܿҲܲпᣬշĿʮӪУֻСҪߣҲ̡
һɵĽǣ39Ӫص̭һֱеһʣµѧԱҲ40Ӫٵһ
ΣգӪӪ֮ĶԿ˵עᴦУ
겻ûѹС棬СӲıԼ̬ȣ˭޿κΡ
39ӪصѧԱԣԴЩɻ󣬿ɰڶС̹ٵļɵ;ηû˭ˡ
һǽԶѹ¶ȿ˵ĹؼӪӪ֮ĶԿϣԽ٣ԵĿɾԽ

ھĶ˽ʣʱѰ㣬ûΪٵĿ˶һ˿ı䡣
ֻǵ޸ƵʱѰźȻʶһ⣬߱ѪӪеѧԱӵؾΪÿһʲǱˣΪѡͻ
ѰɻʱСЩ⣺ǰ߱ѪӪʱѵû˸˵
ѰһãȻײģ֪Щ
ܿ죬С͸˴𰸣֮ѹƾ磬ԶΪһ롮֮׼֮ǰ߱ѪӪһΪ˽пĵѵԴңյĿģΪͻʱпٳأ
˶٣֮ĴڣͿ԰ʵһС
Ѱһ󷭹
һȫµо磬Ȼ侳֮ϣΪ̤֮·Ŀʼ
˾֮УῪٳһأת԰
ΪС磬ֱһ磬Զġ
أҲƷʵĲͬƷһƷΪƷΪĩ
ǿߣٵؼƷأһǿߡ
һƷƷأͲ˭ܹӵеģϵʡǡлǾ׿֮ӵƷء
񿪱һƷأ֮⣬ҪһĻԵܰ쵽
߱ѪӪЩѧԱÿһ򵥣ÿһʶף֮ԷѾֶҲҪ߱ѪӪңҪĿľΪڽʱڿٳأ
߱ѪӪġܹ֮ʵԸһԵʶ˭޷Լ̭֣Ϊһ͵ڶ˽롰֮Ļᣡ
û˻֮İǽʱٳرȻࡣ
Ȼ䲢ֻС֮һԵ֮أѧԱԣ߱ѪӪȴܹһԵ
һУѰпֲѹԼΪ꣬ԭΪ߱ѪӪеġ֮
ؾѧԱ֮ԲѡͻƣֻҲˡ
С˧磬߱ѪӪҪ˰ɣؾȡһ֮صزʱ뻯֮ڽʱ̥ǵı仯
СﲨתЦѰһ䡣
Ѱ룬пҵȻϣһ֮ǰȡȲֲ̭ǵ֮
С޵Ǵ˴ν߱ѪӪѧԱһǧˣĿǰѾһ˱̭֣Žһµʱ䣬һ󣬾̭ܹģжˡ
ѰǵģҲһ㣬û취߱ѪӪ̭ʵ̫ߣߵҹȥǷܽǡ֮
С׷ҼǵУÿһ߱ѪӪѵֵܹ󣬽뻯֮ģҲûʮˡ
ѰһݣԾʮˣѵŰٶȫ̭ˣ
СԴһ˿Ϊ֮˭ȥģǴԵ׵۹УΨȼطӵȻԵ֮أ
ˡѰӿһĨѪԽǾսԵĶԽܼһ˵Ķ־

¶ȿ˿ʼǰһ죬Ѱ뿪ĪĲֿ⣬СŻص39Ӫء
Ҫʼ¶ȿˣΪ39ӪеһԱѰȻҲ뵽С
뿪ֿǰĪܿݰͰ͵ظ֤Сӣŵȥս±ſˣĪڣ֤㲻ᱻͳ߱ѪӪ
Ѱܱ֤ܲ뻯֮ʱĪʱήˣ˸ھͻ뿪
ȻĪұ֤ѰȴҲֻһܷ뻯֮ȫÿԼ
СǶѰʮ㣬ܽذһ˫۱ڹǰһĶǵչֵ쾡¡
գ۾Ц÷ֵ֣̫Ŷ͵ЩһС̹ٿ㣬Ŀɾˡ



120 Ӫ
ʮ֣ʳá
39ӪصһѧԱԳԷ켴Ļ¶ȿˡ
˵εĶ40ӪأǱ39ˣߣѰǸų򣬲ֻ24ˣĶԿУǽϾʹھˡ
̾Ϣüͷ
ߣٶ࣬սҲ״Լǵ40Ӫƺûʲô֡
Ҳ˲мΪȻ
ô˵40Ӫе¡ҿڤˣɶ֮ҿӪУҲֻݲӡʯЩѹǡ
˳һ֪֪˵ģ
һ࣬ʯҲڷǵ۹ָĶ쾳ǿҫ͢Ů׼洫׽ʵԲˣӦȡػսܶ򣬴ͼ֮
Աߵ񰵰ͷЩǼΪҪϢҲֻʯܸ㵽һϡ
ʯҿͬҲһýĺݽɫϰġ˼飬㵹ǲعڵģ⡾Ψ麣ǿУܷӳ
ĬĬס¶ȿϣ˭Ҳ֪Լʲôֵ֣׼ȫбҪġ
⹬ڤʯüһǡڤֹˣϢƳҲһʵЩͷۡ
ƺҲ֪⹬ڤЦǹڵ۹б̡壬Ԣ˭Ҳ򲻵ҿǾһȺڿڹ̫꣬ء
ʯȴɫ˲ӵģҸ˵ҵϵ͵ǻۣ˭Ըǣ޴֣Ϊһܳᣬ⹬ڤ򵥡
ɫҲʱѲº͵ҿʯ⹬ڤԸһЩ
Խ̸ȻԱ˽еҿ쿴˭ˣⲻѰų򣿡͸Ϸʵζ
ڳѧԱ뿴ȥȻͿѰӰԶ
ʱû˶ӪлѰˣѰʱǵһʱйѰĴš
ЩŽԶ벻ųСЩŲмۡ
ʱ֮䣬ɫùˡ
һڸվˣҲѵá
ߣҿҲǱƵģҪ¶ȿˣٶҲܣ
ˣС¶ȿʱͲָܷʲôãעҪֵ̭ġ
һߣıҧгݵСڳˣһΣҵҪ¶ȿУᱻжң
ݲԱ߲ЦˣðѰˣԷųСҲ䵱ݲӵĵˡ
˵öԣȻˣȻҲҪμ¶ȿˡԶ˼
ǺǣҿǺڴʯЦѰζ
ЩۺĿ⣬ѰƻȻܿɵӰֱ˹ȥڶ棬Դιôƺܲ뿴ң
˿ɵɫͷԷʼնѰһֿۣЩ
Ѱ룬ȻЦˣҲٶ˵Լһݷ˿ʼ
ʱûг֣һϤӣԼʳֵķΧʱѰһֻĸо
϶ԣʵϲĪֿеգֻҪѵͲκ顣
ѰƲƺڱﲻסˣ͵̧ͷͫŭѰų֣
ѰЦ˭˵ųģ
ɼѰǵһڵģеʧͷŭױȻϣ˭費֪㺦±̭֣һƨʦȥˣôѣֱҩɾȣ
Ĵ˸ѧԱע⣬ɵһĻʱݲӡıһȦӵѧԱԶֻ
ɺѰĹϵɲҲΪѰų׷ŭѰģʲô룿ˣ
ѰȻû뵽ɾ˵Ϊѣֻ㣬ĴŶǼٵġ
ٵģ
һ㶣ΪβһʱûֶһʮƿɶΪ׼ģ˭֪边𣬼ֱǧУ
Ѱȴһůʶ֮˴ȷǰԼѿˣˣ˭һԼ棿
˵Щ¶ȿ֮ٸ˵һСѰ룬˵
üΪʲôҪȵʱ򣿡
ѰȻЦˣĿƳһۣѹΪҵȳһ
ѴһĨɭȻ
ЩͲмӵҲûôĶ
һѰƬ̣˵Ҿ͵һ͡
ѰЦŵ˵ͷ
ֻѰû뵽ǣȴĳᣬܿˡ

緹ӪѧԱѾɢȥٽѵ
ΪҪ¶ȿˣʱѵһˣĿ˾ͺܲ
Ѱ39ӪصһѧԱȴûоʹ˷ɣֱӱС˲㣬ѵ
úܶ˶⣬оСѵ̬δ̫ˣҪ¶ȿˣʱѵ˻һˣʲôã
Сһ仰޻˵߱ѪӪѵҪһ꣬ҲζŻʮ¶ȿˣֻǵһο˶ѣбҪ˽ţ
˭˵ʲôأ
Ȼⲻ˵ģĶֿ40ӪصһȺѧԱʹƣٲӣǿɾͳ군ˡ
Сһ仰еһɨգصΪ׼˺ѩ࣬˲μӿˡ
ŷ֣С̹ٿ飬ʵзִ磬һζͿ̡
벫ѧԱ˷ǰһѵӪ˭ô
ˣ䰮ӣҲǿϲľֲƵ·ԽԽӡ
ı󣬴˿ֹ̺˷ܣֱǿʮ㣬ֱ˼ѪƵģһֱĬǩһҪ鵽ѰС飡¶ȿ֮ǰһһ٣úóһڶǾٺòˣ
Ҳ쿪ۣγǩѡʱȻõĲ˼飬ײ˴һ鵽Ѱ
ıЦĵ⣬־Ҳæ
ݲӵ˵֪һʱҲס¶һĨ죬ѰСӻǵùܲһײıС
ǿǺܣıոͻƽؾ֮սѵӪʱսѷµɱ䡣
Ѱأǰѵһʦȥˣ˳֮£ɿܻı֣
źǣǲ֪Ѱιģֻ»ʱ뷨͹۵㡣
ıǼһɵ˰ɣѰЦƵᡣ
ٹıˣ㾿вУɻ𼱻ǣѰ׽
ͬҲΪѰֻڸӻķϣĿǸսΪؾı֣
ɵɵս֪֮ʱʯھѰʱȻЦ˵һ䡣



121 Ի

ĲΪأټĳطʮ̨ÿһֻ̨ʮɷԲ
ôãҲΪ˳ֶѧԱɱ͡
Ҫ֪սУʱû·Ҳûгԣܿռ䣬ȫڷ֮ӲӲĲɱ
ֲУս˫ս£սɺһɱĺݾ
ԣÿһֻ̨ʮɷΧӰһ뿪̨ζʧܣ
һ39ӪصһѧԱ벫֮󣬸˳ǩӦ̨ϣʼвɱѵ
ͬǣһѧԱ˼ٶλλõ13̨ϡ
˵ĿϷʣȫһֵģΨüѣһĨǡ
̨ϣѰȻܹȥ߲٣ȳ޳Ƿֱͦ䣬ȣһͦƮݣ׿Ⱥķɡ
ѰģͺͿЩӵĥ£һݳɡ
һĻòŮѧԱ΢΢һƺһη֣ԭеų꣬ԭҲӢ
ʵѰԼżҲ֣˶ԽѵԽ⺷ΨԽѵʷԽƮݳٲȻһ޺ģ
С飬ҵܾˣ
棬ıɭȻһЦĿдűŰӵһѵʱѰгԿһֱǺġ
ۼѰԼıĻ̵סк⡣
ǽǩȻ˵ĳѰ֣ıо춼ڰæ
ʱѰݺŰһ飬ԲĴ

ѰЦŴӴ³һ֡
㡭
ıһ͵ѵһʱѰԳԷԼıѹõŭһӾͱ㱬ɫ

ӰһһĨһţָа㣬ݺݳѰʺȥ
¡
ܹı籼Ż棬һ˫ָһԻ浶ȿɲ
ϼƵ
ıļҴսһ֣ȴһƷʱһƴϼٿգƱŽƿ֮
ԶݲӼˣвͷı鱩һЩսʶΪ׿
ֽؾȥԸһصѰͲڻ¡
˴඼ݲһ뷨ˣס뿴ѰᱻŰжҡ
Ψüͷбıս¿39Ӫصеˮ׼⣬ҲԲ͡
ѰأǰѷѵһֱףӦı֣
ֵһǣעѰıĶԾǸҲ̨Ͻеս
ʱΪ˼ɲ㱻̨ϵĶһȭϣʱɫһһһͷߵ㣬һڶɫõöԷһҽУѵɳ̨
Ҷ䣬ݲӡıͬһȦӡ
ΪѰܱıŰԵʣһӷŭйҶϣһ֣͸Էˣò˳
Գ˿ڶҲͬʱкȻһ󾪺
һѵѰˣ
ŤͷȥȴѰԭأȴΨıɲһ
ڿıӰʱסһһ˿̵ڵأӺͷԵ쳣Ǳ
ǡʲô
ĿɿڴղŻҶ䣬ɽһУ̲Ҳͼӵ顣
ɾ⼸ڣѰǱ߾ȻҲֳʤҵµĲı
ɸоԴЩ£辿ʲô£
˿ֹ̲ɣڳѧԱҲһģΪ˼һ˿̨ϵĶֳûһٸܡ
ôԶݲĿ˸
ͬһȦӵ㡢ĲĵˣҲЩɲ
ղıһ֣ԭΪѰ޷ֵעᱻſ¡
˭룬ѰһܣһǰһоȭͨġжסʹݿƿıһıϣúֱӾͲҽŷɳ̨
һмں֮ɣĲ˼飬Ҳ˶ΪԼۻˡ
ɵȷһģ˶ɫ䣬ѰĿѱ΢΢Щͬ
ԷΪҲƺˣɾԲܳؾΪսԵǿ
û֪
СڲſڣһпУɫȻƽĲһУѰ첻һ㣬ǾͰװ˷ʱĵˣ
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ı󷢳ŭ𣬷ٶȳ̨ƺˣ˲ء
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ԲѰôǿ϶ΪԼ֮ǰˣűԷץס
ԣ϶
ıһ߰οԼһ߷ŭٶȳȥ
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˼ֱ̫ˣ
뵽⣬̲סٺЦô˵أѰȻһЩȴܶθڣ



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ŭһٶȳ̨һý࣬ٺֱײѡ˹ؼ汸ս
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ѰչֳǿսҲ˼ɵͲĿʱѾûٸΪų
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ѰΪɵڳʱ
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ΣֻӲͷƤ̨аݣҪѡأϵʱԽþͶԼԽҲԾܵļٱ۳Ļ֡
ıһ̨;ʮ㣬û˸ղŵıŰ̬Ȼһˣηηŵġ
ˣѰЦˣɲһԸˡ
䣡
Ѱòһʱ䣬̤棬֮ı
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⵱ȻѰΪ֮
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ΨˣѧԱסҪѰΪУȿǿܷѰıɣ
߱ѪӪеľܲпᣬѡʵʱչ¶ԼЩǱڵĶɵԼ
ıԣһβγ̵ѵʱ䣬Եÿһÿһ룬ĺܼ尾
һһʧܣһһβǫ̀˭еκͱ
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ڴЦѰĿȴһƬ䡣
˻һʱ˲˲ĿĲɱѵУҲнֵӷ罻ս˫ʵʱĬ»һʵƥĶ֡
صҲõСĬҪôȴõֵͬ⡣
ʶ˿ݲҪѰʱ˶ֻ֣ݲʱҪ޷ıѰˡ
뷨˶һҪһѰеӦ
Ѱܱݲֵѡ֣ĪңеʹӦ
ôһıĿ
Ҳһ仰ֻ۸ı󣬼ӮˣҲ˲ܡ
ЩݲһȦѧԱԶûѵвûй涨ǲŸ޿ֵļͼѰӦ
ֻҪѰӦֹııʱĴѰݲӽ֣עᱻŰݺݸıһڶ
ȻһжҪѰǷӦ
Ѱһˣһǿߵϣͽⳡд裬һӿ㡣Ҳڡ
ģΣɫ39ӪмܻӭŮ˿̸һڣʱ˲ٸ
ʱֻ»κһѪжֻ¶Ϊ϶ѡӦϾ¹˵Ŀ˵ĸ˻ˣ
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ͼѰȻŤͷĿһɨЩϽѧԱһŰı߷ɳ̨ŸпƵ˵˼Ҿϲһд裬ֹʲôջҸ޷ĳɾ͸УѰɲܹ֮ĺ⣿
˵ţһĳܱȭ⣬λĺˣɺ񰮣ҽԶΪܹݲӹӷͥҲǶѰʵϿɣΪݹȣԼԶкܶ಻ĵطдͲȥˣôҸеʧ
˵⣬ѰȻ΢΢һЦ˵ҲƻҲǣˣʱ䶼ܱӻŸͻأ



123 ޳֮ͽ
Ѱ£ȫž
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һ̩ȻģѰһͷĿࡣ
˶뵽ѰȻĴӦݲӵսǻ޷һﾹֱܾ׳֪ܣ
ʲôмҺ񰮣ʲô磬ȹϹӶܿƣƫƫȻ˵鲢ïûʣѵͲ֪ʲô޳ܣ
䵱Ѱһ˵ǲҲû˸Υضִʱжһǿҵĳ嶯޲òһгȥݺݱ޳ܵļһһ١
ֱ̫ˣ
ݲӿɫҧһȦӵѧԱɫѿ֮
޳ܵǼѰ޷ȡڡ޵޳֮ͽǻǵһμ
һԶʯҲҲû뵽Ѱôûڲٵһ档
һɻٺ͵ˣδҲ̫֪ˡ
̲ס۵һЦЦᶼôٵĹܱһȻģ˵ֱ͸ˣ
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ʱ۵һѱѰŰñףҵıһ֮£Ѫ˹ȥ
һӣȫȻıȻѪˣ
һ뵹Ҳ֮УǱѰһδβŰȻѰһ޳ۣ˭ֻ¶ܲסܴ衣
һʱ֮䣬˿ѰĿгŭ޺ͱġ
Ѱȴ·ûвһУıԹȥԴź̾˿ûֵܼ󣬻жҲܲɡ
ԣ˶ͷѿҪ̲סɱ˵ĳ嶯Ѱǹģ
ȴѰɲǣԹŤͷվڲſڵС棬ֵ̹٣ӻ̴ӻĿô
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Сһڣѹסȫ궯ѻȸʼգѰղŵľٶʲôۡ
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һ֣˼ɵ
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Ѱûע⵽뿪ʱС濴ıӰ˼
⾿һꣿ
Сһη֣Ӳ˽Ѱ
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ںĪһһʱȴַ·һˣɷ졢ӳⷽ٣ü価źƿһе֮
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СȻʶʮϣźܶԼĶ

Ѱһӡʲֿ⡱뿪ʱѶһսĴ磬ָͨɡɡ
ɺܲ⣬սǣ־ܶһһѣԶԶ޷ȣΪʲôѰȴƫƫѡ
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Ѱûμѵ˶֣һһŤתԼһ
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ЩпѰĸоǣÿʱ˭񣬸õ͵ʱ˺׺Ĵڡ
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ģǵˣҲòãû˵
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Ҫ
Լƾͳˣ
Īֿвϼīúһ£Ǽֱ˷Դ


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ԶСѰӰɫЩ
ٺ٣۹УһЩ츳ĺ԰쵽һġ
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һУСҲһڣԶѰӰĿУҲһĨɫô˵СԺĳɾͣעǷ֮ˣ
Īԥ˵ͷɻǣСӾǴðģˣͲӦó߱ѪӪУ
СüĪѰ飬ñй¶ȥС˶ϣԺӵ޷͵λҲעΪ˵ĸӹɼ
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һ仰Īɫ䣬Ȼɬȷû㹻ٳߵҫ͵λҲǾˮ£ֲЩڲ
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ĪԣϨĵһ˿룬ˣϷֻϧŶѣȻǲӦҲٶ˵ʲô
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һξƳɹɹʣȻһֻؾΪѧͽ֮֡
ֱף

ҹ40ӪȴĲƽ
39ѧԱȫټվӪһУ̹ٲǵķ
һɫҰףеӣǡ߮ڻԭϵһͷҪ˶ɵǡ
С̹ٺʮӪУԸ֮Կĺݽɫ֮һ
綾ŵߣѧԱֱð
Ƕ֪39Ӫ̭ߵӪأҲζţʣµ24ѧԱȻǾеľǶԿʱ⣬͵ṷְ̋ɣ
ǵķѧԱɫ
ǵҲعڼɵҲ̸ϵƣ¾ƴѧԱս40ӪҲѷɫκˣ
˵⣬Ȼָһ˽ý˵ҿͿԺ39Ӫ㡢Ĳеκһ˶Կ
ĿбһĨâֵҿý̹ʧ
ǲÿɷָһ٣ӢˬŮҲҪСɣĽԶԹһϣעսҡ
°΢΢һ̧ЩڴƵ˵̣ҵġ˻ı׾׼ҵġ׽
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˻һȫѧԱȻ궯ѡ
ڤ֮мͨõĻҲֻеȣһֱֵƽ棬˺׺Ĵڡ
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֮⣬㡢ĲҲС
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˵⣬һסĿˣֹϵǷᱻ̭Ҳϵ40ӪǷᱻϣĪҪʧ
һѧԺԶȻĿг˰ﶷ־
ʱȴ˺Ȼ̹٣˵39Ӫн֣һѰļһıѪԣ˺ܴ粨ѰǷֵӣ
Ѱ
˶Ȼһ˵֡
ǶҲ˽⣬üʮӪУ鼸춼з֡
仰˼ǣѰˣûʯɡݲЩѧԱǰӵĳ̶ȣҲû㡢ĲЩᲢۣӣ̫ӡ
¶ȿǰ̸ϼÿӪУ߱ѪӪĿжζ
Ψ39ӪؾһƬ˯˯ÿҹƺûʲô
С̹ٵѵˡ
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һұѹƲ㣬39ӪУСԼѰȶʮѧԱʧ
ͬʱһұӲͬӪɣεΪ׳ۡ
¶ȿ˵ӣ
֮߱ѪӪеʮӪأᱻõһ룬ҲζţкܶѧԱᱻ̭֣
¶ȿ˷ͬ͵ص㣬39Ӫغ40ӪصĶԿһСЫ롱Ŀ
ɳĮһĻɽҰشԼĪϰﷶΧƲʵθ᫣඾ޣΣ֮
˴¶ȿ˵ݺܼ򵥣ӪصѧԱͶڶЫĲͬطԶЫΪΧչһĲпɱ


125 ȸں
Ы롣
¶ȿѾʼһСʱ
һƧӵأһɫأУҰܵӰ죬Ī⡣
ৣ
ȻһèӰԶý䣬㡣
һ͸һɾζֻ꣬һì΢ÿһԶϢ͸ž䱸֮ɫ
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ȷܲΣգأûзһ˿裬СǰĿ˸̽ʲô
ﻷΪѣǱ֮£ֻҪ·ͿԳ䲻Ľоɱ
һ˼н߬ųìⲽȥ
һɫ裬תԱ֤ͻȻֵΣǰķ
ܿ죬ɵ˫ûУɢȳϢһУܰקУ԰Ρ
ǰ߲Σշ÷ɰһ¶ף׼£Ŵ˵ȻټֻҪ·ͿԽͻȻϮ
ڷ΢ʱȻԱȻըһĨâӱȥ

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һ֣Ůͺɣ֫һš֮㳯Զȥ
ߣƣһȣӰ壬ì磬ݺݴŮ֮֫ء
ǵٶȣ˵ǿ׼ݣ˼£Ҳµ˼£ֳΪ⺷սʶ
ŮɱӣƱػᱻһˣŮŤֿҪһԵסƱػڵ
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ţ
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ԭߵŮɱô˻ᣬһ£ڷɱһɼǵ˺ۣ㱻ƿอ
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ͻıʣԵüȻֻ˭Ҳû뵽ܵ£ɾɸðһһóˣ
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Ůɫѿ֮ӲͬҶ39Ӫض޳𣿡
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ЦɫҰף˿أԴʹ˿ȴܵ⡣
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ۣ
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ͽ벶ȸں
Ѱ뿪ûãһұ߳Ӫ̴ӣֽİʹȥŮߡ

أĪ⡣
Ѱٶȴ죬֪쳣ǿԸ֪ʮɷΧһз紵ݶ
ֻǿ߲ܰ쵽Ѱ˽ȶ侳ǿߣҲֻܸ֪ʮɷΧ
ʶѰţһ¶ȿУӦûмѧԱĸ֪ǿԼ
ȻȻģͳѰеƣ⻷ӣΣصĶЫУǿĸ֪ѰǰܿΣա
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ԿҪ֧Ųס֮ǰ̫أǳǹ׷ϣ֪ա
飡
ǹ͵һǹɷɣһǹԷѹɾڴʱ͵һɻɨ
ৣ
ûˣͼһĨӭͷͣǹʱȴȻһ䣬ǣųǹ͵һ
һ죬ǹɢӰģδվȣͱ֮ĵڲ
ǹӻһͫſһֵ꣬ཬǣֻܿһ
ȻѰһƷԷ֮һƻǳǹӡ
һ֣ѰҲп˵ʵ̫ˬˡ
Ѱ㣡
ԶɼٴϢཬѪˮ˿ҲأѪ
˵Ѱ˿̵ھȴһҲˣѰĿгŷŭͲʡ
ղŲ֣Ϊֱڲų֣ѵѴ⣬ҪҲ֧ʱˣ
ҧ˻ʡ
ѰĻһ㣬Ȼҡͷͬѧˣ෴ӦøмҲŶԣҼʱϵֻѰ˰ɣ
˵ʱѰȴЦⷽɺݲӡı˶һȦӵģԼûмȣѾˣ



126 Ⱥս
ԣƬ̣Ȼɬˣֲ㣬ܷһ£
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¶һĨ󣺡ңˣѿҪֲסֻҴ̫գ˵һЩޣһ뱻̭֡
ˣѱ˥ߣ˴ȣ³ֻһ̴ӿ̭֡
ѰŶһ͵ͷҲãҾͱһ·̡
ллˣϲ
Ѱ΢΢һЦǰɡ
ŷɣδ˿ڷУ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ߣѰѰթҲӲҵƣ
ЦŲǰһҪ֧Ųס˥ģָУһöƬѱ߬Դ
ɾѰֻһ֮ңʱԭŵѰȻ𣬱乭㣬ݺݳ󱩳塣
飡
ɶӦ˾ͱɳȥҽкݺݵȳС
һ̫ͣ÷ðǣͷɢܣ̲סڿѪѰѵҪɱͬһӪͬ飿֪С̹֪ؽ߱ѪӪ
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һӣɫ䣬Ӳ˵֮㡭ΪҪҵ
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ͬʱڶЫһƬ
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һ߿񱼣һߺܲĸ̡
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ʯӰһĨ裬棬ȫٷӣ̬ٶҲƵĿĲ˼顣
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ֻǴ˿̣ϴ˹ʯȴ֮ɫüͷһֱ壬ʮ֮⣬һӰһֱ׷š
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ʯһơ
׷ں󷽵ǼһǹڤһʯܲԸĶ֡
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ʯаһ̾ٿȻֹһĨɫ֪ʱжһͭﵡ

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ܹѧԱԶǾһ²пѵľ񣬼ûһ
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Ӫбһ39Ӫռݣһ40Ӫռݡ
СУУһµ̣̱׭ŷƣӨӨ⣬йճһĻ
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ռŲƣСȴ޸֮ɫԤڻһࡣ
ΪüǣЫеľƣһ39ӪصѧԱ
ǴѡԶ١սӵ£Ϊ˱40ӪأѾѵѧԱĿʲô
СૣһĨâӿ
40ʱӪС
Ǹ°ͣеӰ̣ǷһĨ̵ĻȣСãӦģȺеĳԱɴӲᵥж



127 ƼѪ
ȡһƣ͵ڻ300֡
ʧȥƣᱻӿ̭֡
ɱһ֣ҪĴζţһУû˸ȥɱˣǲˡ
˵ʱСʱ˽ʱÿѧԱȡջֳɼֳʤܡ
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˴οУ39Ӫغ40ӪصѧԱ63ˣֻʮˣҲζţһѧԱڿ˽֮󣬳뿪߱ѪӪ
пǱȻģû˸ı̭֡

Ѱû뿪һƬӡ
ֻصԭȲĵطʺŮѾֳսۼɻڡ
κѧԱ˵أȻЩ˿в֮ͻϮʽɱ
ѰûлȥЩۼֻǺСĵİԼĽӡͺۼһһĨȻǱ
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˴ο˵ʱСʱѹȥСʱʣĸСʱңΪ˼ֵ󣬻ǽʡһõѡ
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Ѱܹ߱ѪӪмֵڵѧԱûһʡ͵ƣЩ˶ԿĲֻսǡıԺ͵ǡ
ͬѰҲԼսΣؾΪȻԼӵԺ۷ǿȣⲢơ
ĶЫУһϵѧԱӵ۷徳ͣɡʯݲЩˣѹΪ֪꣬¡
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ȣѰԲоȭ;׼̸ֵ϶ɫҲԲ
ΨһѰռƵģǼΪǿ֪һ̲սˡ
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ѰôҲԿе·ϵһֽѾʼʶȥѡԼս͵·

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۾һת¶һĨЦݣ˭ܿѾһɱȻ˭޷ﻹһΡ
СȴѰ׽вһݣһǵҲĪѿҵ

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ǿޱȵΣոӿͷѰûκγɣбһܿ
䣡
һĿĺâ֮յĲѰļ򣬺ݺݲӣӲըһӣˮɽʮɡ
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ƼѪ
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Цеģ尫֣һ֣ȴǺѸ磬Եÿ֮
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Ѱһߣű̲սȥ
ѱʶƣͳ˶̱ӣ潻棬ƴľһºƺսɵĸߵ͡
ⷽ棬Ѱһ
飡
ɱͷȨ
ܿ죬ѰʶⰫ۷ΪսܺһС
ĵƮţޱȣһּս
40Ӫеĸˣ
ԽѰƾһȻս⣬ԴؾûȫӹԼ
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٣
ˣһŤͷӣֵ֮ܿӳʮɡ
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ѣ㵶ܲ¶ȿ֮ǿ϶мһд裡
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ѰĿɨһƬӣٶУûʲôЧԡ
ֻѰɺɻӸղžηԼģ



128 ֮
С˭
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ÿһĻԱһսе
޳Сƺע⵽ʲôָһĻȻʳ
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ߣҲˣǲҺҼС˧һܡСߣѰһĽ
ߵĿȴѾŲƿĻ˵ϬۡС
һ֮󣬵úһ£ǻϣ뻯֮ѡ
Сһ
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УϽǾŴϵŷ֮һϵĺᡭ

ÿһ֣һɫ콾һš
СȻ֪ˣȷϣ뻯֮ѡ
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Ͼ˶ؾΪѰؾ㣬ͬҲζţѰŸĽռ䣡
Ѱһѵ֮ǰӵؾΪȫֲЩ࣡
ĪǱôˣߺȻʵ
չܲɹҪһʱ䡣Сɿ
ţֻҪѰ뿪֮ǰܹѴɾͺáߵ˵ͷ
С̲סͷǾͲܰѰҲѰȲϬЩˣһϣǾţĪ˵¹ѧԺǸŮƣҲ
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40ʱӪС
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ſʱСüͷһһ𣬲չ
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39ӪѧԱѾʮһ̭֣ʣʮˣ40ӪУжʮˣ
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ݲӡ㡢ĲĵˣȻɡʯͬҲѾʶΣգʼ˴ϣ40ӪصȺսҲռ˶ơ
С뵽ɡʯǱ֮ݲƱҲΧ
ǻǲҪˣ
С΢΢Щŭ⣬¶ȿˣľѧԱΣյ͡
ΪսУûʱȥĲ֣һжҪ˵սӦԲԣǰǸӦΣգҲûʲô𣬲Ҳ޷ﵽĿĿġ
ȻǲôΪѴ˴ο˿־ڱصõһʶǰĲ֣һ˵ζıƵɫʡ
СΪܵģȴû취˵ʲôΪ˹УûⷽԼơ
ѵѧԱϸսʿ
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Сü𣿡
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СĬƬ̣ͬһ¶ȿһʧˣͲ̸ʲôսʿǿߵˡ
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ףбˡȻУĿⶢӰӳյĹĻϣɫЩȻȻСӡ
СĿҲȥʱѰӰڳӶݵķ򿿽ȥ
СܹɣЩˣԸıһЩƣ˽⣬СӲؾΪɣҲ֪Ƿܰ쵽һɿ
СһĿһֱѰӰ
ַ֣ʯ˿ӶݵķҲָͬһλá
˿Ѱɡʯڵ㣬ŲͬĹ켣ͬһλûۣнһ̡
ɰܣڴһˣ
Сиһͷ޷ȷ

ïܵĴʪѰڳǰɶݣСеһĨӰϢ
ӣֵĻҪΪӣǿԲĵطȻĴɱϮ֮ء
ѰҴ⣬Ѹ֪ӵ˼£һǰУһϸܻ̽Ψʲô
ͬʱҲѰ٣ͼҵһѵĲ֮أطǵܹģͬʱǵ˼׺Եĵط
ҪҳһطɺѣֱʱѰûʲôջ
ȻԶһһƺһͷɲڳ߿񱼣ֱײ
ѰͫһУӰವһڵԱһִĹϣŨܷ˶֦ҶѰӰȫڡ
ͬʱһѾһֲ˼ٶȿ
ֻѰȻǣǲһͷɽ񱼵ޣһ۾Ρ꣡
ôһ
Ѱһ۾ϳǺȻɡ


129 
˲䣬ѰͿɾȻڱ׷ɱ
ʮ֮⣬һŮ׷ڣҪԶ٣ɽˡ
һﲻ첻µزôʱӵһͷܾҰƵġ
ѰǷһĨЦݣǰһҫµһģȴǱֻӣѰöЦ
ɺܿ죬ѰЦһﳯ߳¡һֱײѰĴ
׳գ
ѰòƿڴԭԶڰһŮнг䲻͵ϮɱһƻʱѰƻ
ţѰȴתһڻ㣬֦Ҷϣû̱¶Ӱ
ȻµĹУý֦ϵѰױ˲
Ǵ׵ء
ȻѰѲصȵǸʱ䡣
ӰײϴһŮѳ
Ҳڴʱ
ѰӰһĨɫ磬㵹λñˮɫı̲սɱâէ֣
һŮһˣֻ׷ɣ뵽Ͼˣ
ȻϮɫ䣬ʶһܡ
һжһ۵һһڼ粿źݺݻ£˺ѿһѪܵ˺ۣͱƶǣ
һҽУӰĵɳȥ׹ڹݴУҶΪ˿̫أһͻ᳹ױʱɾĿƶˡ

ݵľһµѷӦųѰɱٶȼ죬ֳΪḻս顣
ʱ֮䣬Ѱԭأμ穣᧿Σ
£нЮſɲâ绡ÿһҿͣѰ˼в
£ҲΪ˵ãһ˳ìһ˳ֳޣϵļΪĬ
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ֳһꪣ׹ܣֱư絽˼¡
ֻ¡һǳų޵ͷһҽУɳƵıꪺݺҷ˳ȥ
֮ǰɱһ·ܣɱˣһΪѰ֣õþƶȻı䣬Ҳץס˷ʱĻ
ɱ
ɴ𣬴趯ƿ׶ɨƵºͳֽ궼ɫ䣬ܲѡ
˲䣬ͻѰѹѰҲòϣһսȷ⺷ײС
Ŀǰû쵽һ
ѰСӽˣС첻ˣڶû⣡
Уɳ¡
á
ѰЦЦĿǳֽ꣬ű̲սͳ˹ȥӿſɲɱս⡣
սǿѰɲΪʱС椣ȥԸò
ͬ飬һ㱻ƶǣһһ˹ȥԶʧȥսΪǡ
µľƣȻƶԶɶɶԣѾ֮ǰȫ˱仯
ߣ㲻ҲÿͬȲŸҳ𣿸ղ˭ӵĸһͷҰƵģ
һҧɱһ𣬻ɡ
Ůˣñң߱ѪӪӷôꪸɡ㲻ɣ
ԸղԼܵľٶҲеΪ߳ܣֱڿ࣬ŭ˼£ȻûʶǸɡֺ塣
ŮԶкҪ죬ԣһһֱ𣺡ɱⲻҪ
Ľ㶼սطһսֱһһŮλ棬â裬ƿ֮
һߣѰǳֽҲɱ
֮ǰİҶСߣֽѰѹࡣ
һҲǣ30ӪѧԱ̭ߣʣĿɶǾеľ񣬶40ӪеѧԱĿһЩۼսϣȴݬ롣
ǰֽ꣬ؾΪսֶΣսʶҪѷɫ١
ûãѰ׼һᣬһ־ʩչ̲սһĨˮкصıֱȣ۵һڶԷ߲̳һѪ۵öԷҽУ͵رܡ
ҽУɱ͵һݱãһҧԶȥ
ӣ
ɴȣҪ׷ȥȴѰסˣ׷ȥһ˭軹һȥ㣿
ɫһãշȻһ׷졣
39ӪУһֱѰѣҲΪѰĹϵõҪӽѧԱ׷׸ı̬ȣ־롣
ȷû˻Ѱǰ
ģξһ䣡
˵ʱĿɭȻѰĶ֣Ǹֽ꣬߶ʱɫһ䣬

ã
39ʱӪأ̲ס̾ѰһȻƻĲ֮أȴֱܹ仯ЧͻϮʵ˲𣡡
СƽȻϣҲķһ˿ͣѰղŵıֵȷһ߽ԷһѧԱԿŤתǬһ
־£Ÿ㹻ķʱ䡣
ܳ׸ı𣿡
СĿŲƣڹĻʯλϡ

40ӪУ̲סеĲһϸһĨ
ǰˣ
ԭʤľ棬ȴһ벻ͻȻ֣һٴһǣõȶ˷ᡣ
˭
ǵĿѰãһ̾ûʲôӡ
ûӡ󣬾ζǵһܹ˭
ûй˼⣬ĿŲƿ˹Ļһǹڤ͵ҿһ׷ɱʯս
ڤ͵ҿٰˣôƾͻ᳹Ťת40ӪС

ʵģǳֽѰɵĴѹ£˲һͿأ䡣
գѰɴҰܵ40ӪѧԱѹεơ
Ҫ飬鶼Ѱ
һ飬;ǰУʱ뿼ʱѾֻʣһСʱңԽǵʱ򣬾ͻԽпᡣ
ȻԺսƥҲɵ֪ºѰһж׵
㻹սãԴϢʵ
ҪжˡѰɿ˵ĿǰĽһ롣
ҿҪ֧ŲסˣĶС椣׷ȫӱ޶˶˲
ƿڴڱ£أЩʡ
ҪҪϢָһ£Ѱüʵ
áҡͷ
˽̸ʱڴпǰУɽƬ̣Ѱͫһʱ㡣
ôˣ
һݣѰͣˡ
ΪǰԶĵӰһȻ40ӪصѧԱ
ҸҸ㶨㶨һɷɿ˵
Ѱ̾Ϣĸӡ
˵ʱһĴһ󼱴ƿȻҲڳ
һӣɫҲ
ĸֲ£ٶĻɾ鷳ˣ



130 
40ӪѧԱѰɺһδ¶ʲôɵ֮⡣
ĶԶһƵġ
ֻǺܿҲͣ½Ų¶أһ˿ٳ
ǵѣ
Ѱɣ40ӪصѧԱԶڵȡ
ܿ죬һưƮݣ缲ɿӰٿȻ֣ǺȻʯ
ɻѰ˸ˣͿʯ󷽣ȫ׷죬ܹʯƵֻܱӣ֪˾Ѱˡ
ʱѰһ
40Ӫصˣ׷ɱʯʱɫסԶһϲǹڤ͵ҿ
λǰǱǽ̹ټĸ֣ز¶Ե۹̡ҹϣʵ֤ԼĶǿߵҿͬͷ
ˣ40ӪӵλǿߣѹԷһͷ
һɲƳʣеΣպɱҲѰ׽УϣɣҲһȥסˣ
һҧкβɣ
ȥʯץסһлȽԷһǿߣʱ򣬾ƾͻ
Ѱ侲ɿһսעѣǶԳһĴ򷨣˭ݣ˭ֵܼ󣡡
ߣҶȡĿѾˣʧ볡ҲѾû˱߱ѪӪ̭ΣգȻˣӾ͸һģ
Ŀ¶âŲݺһ̤棬۾Ӱ𣬻ŵļϣǴĿâ
䣡
գ߿裬һɽӣʮİ
ͬʱѰлһӰű̲սӭͷʯǱ߳ȥ
ĸѲ
Ѱɿʵ
Ǹѿĳ
ʯԶĹڤһָӰһ٣һͭﵣҿȥ
ʯһģҲѿѰɣԼԶĸ40ӪصĶ֡
־ƣʵ̸ϸӣȴʮ㡣
Ѱİʱһ˲ͲµѰģɰѹڤøѰ
ڤȷǿѲڤóǷעɱֶϣѹƺͻѰȴҪһʱ䣡
£ֻҪʯڹڤѰ֮ǰȽҿеľƾͻ
ɱ
ɳλ֡
ɱ
Ѱ˹ڤ
ɱ
ʯ˵ҿ
ȻǵһսȴĬΪŤת棬¸ΣգҲȫԸȥɡ
ǰɻˣѰĽֻ»ΪѰڿȻ״Ӧ
ͬǰѰˣʯҪԼԸڤֻҲɹԥ顣
һͲôˣעᱻԸץסһһѹ
νͬЭսĲֹĬԼһֹһ
ⷽ棬Ѱɡʯ˿ƴӲģҲʶЩڵı֣ȴƵĬκʮ㣡
һУͬһͷ39ӪصѧԱǵĽϣһ̳κζԾƲأ
¡¡
Ƭս漤ޱȣ㵹ʯ촷ۡѿһơ
ʢͷ׵֯ײһ𣬳澪Ķǡ
һ̣ǡСĿ⣬Ƕһ¶ȿ˵ʤܣڴһˣ

飡飡飡
Ѱֵ͹ڤսһָ߶רעâ仯޳ˮʱȣʱ࣬ʱ籩кʱϪȡ
ɼˣɸܵΪµѹ
ڤģͨѰ棬ֳĳĶ죬Ҳƽ档
ÿһҳȴµ֮Ѱڷ飬Ѫݡ
ͬķɭͭǽڣҲκһ˿Ӱһɨ׻ѰĹơ
ָоһɺĴɽƾϮԿȻ
ǹڤ洫طڤֱƵһķ֮Ī⣬˼ǿ
˶Ծȷͷʹޱȣ˲Էƴȫһս
Ѱɵǣڤ£֮ͬʯ￴ڤ˼ɵǷ
ɶѰԣڤȼĸ֣ͬСֻķ̫ۣ˺Ĺ
䣡
һ£ѰסһΣĵˡ
ˣ
أѰһĨɫϣǻȻᵱͷһеı̲սݺݴֱ̻ȡڤʺ
ڤܿһѰԴͬģѰһעԴʺ
ȫһʯ٣ܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
ƴľһɺݾֹǶԵ˺ݣԼݣ
ڤüͷһ壬Ӱһ䣬Ȼ£Ѱĵϣһȴ֤ԸѰƴһ
Ѱô˻ᣬƴɱ
ֻҪԷòѰģܵĹҪСܶ࣬ڱԷʱѹơ
ѰҪ֣֮ܶͬ
ѾѰܹȡþƣֻҪֵܼʯҿƶ֮ı䡣
ɽƬ̣ڤս͵һ䣬ǲѰбһݺ¡
ۣ
ڤ䱻һ˿ڣѪֻ˵Ƥ⣬ʲôˡ
飡
ͬʱѰʵʵһһͷֱһľʹȫ
Ҫ֪ѰɶСʡĲΣǿߣ֮ǿֱ羫ֽɡ
һ֮£㱻飬֪ڤĹ¡
Ѱ͵һҧɲסҪص͵عٶɱȥ
ѿڤȻԼģʼϧ˻˺ԼӲƴˣǸΪķ֡
Ѱѹ˲ô࣬һսǣסڤ¸޷Ĳشۡ
ѰǿùڤҲЩԾһȥѰǿֻѱ̱Ѱȴûһ
ɴ˿ɼѰȻżΪǿʱ
ʱУͿڤѰһܾ˵Ĵɱ֮
Ƭʱ䣬ѰףÿһǶһּѱľʹС
ͬڤҲһˣѪ죬δ˼Ҫʼգڤɫ仯
һ̣˳ͬһԲͬʮ㣬ٲȻͬһ侲ֿµķӡ
ѪȲпĻ棬ҲǾĶǡ
أԶɵĴ𣺡ӿҪ֧ŲסˣС辿Ҫɱʲôʱ̫˰ɣ
ѰһҪֲסˣ
㲻ûͷͿ󣬱ĸΧɣ˿ܵҪء
ʯأ
Ǳսˣ
ͬʱһХ͵ڳ𣬺һͼԶҿӰݺݺɳȥ۵һѪɫȻɷףԴһᣬͻ˹ȥ
ͬʱʯشƿһĿĵѪѪʣֻʯȴƻȻЦӵǿִᶮ
ЦУֳͭﵣǱߡ


131 ϲ
Ҫˣ
40ʱӪУɫ䣬ܿƵľҷڡ
ʯ˵һǧ˰ٵĴ򷨳ѹҿʱ֪һսƣء
С氡С棬ҵС㡭
ૣЩ˵ĸζ

ȺսҪǿʱһȻսսȴܳ
39ʱӪУ곤һ֪ʲô£ɫһĨпڰͥЩҪķӡ
Ҫ£
СüϣĿڹĻϣ䲻Ը£ɵѰʯɱһеʱܿסԼ
ߡˣͬᣬͬǴ߱ѪӪ߳Ҳͬӵ
ֻǵ¡
С͵طһĨǵʹݺҡҡͷٶ롣
֪޷ԭԼĽСΪǼ¡

ҿҰܻʣʯˣʱսɿ֮Ǳߵսļ룬սľȷʼ仯
Ƭ̺󣬶Էһ˱ɴꪺݺݲ븹ݺʮ֮⣬ɥʧʶ
ͬʱʯһͭﵺɨӲӲֶΣӲѶ˹ȥ
ȥѰʣµ˽ˣʯɣŤѰ
٣ʲôʱСҲʹˣƿڴжȴݺɱǽʣ֡
սʱѾŤתԭ׼̭սҲһ
սûɲ׷Źʣһ

һ࣬ʯʱڤѾˡ
֮ҿҰܣѾùڤʶ˱仯䵱ǱߵΣҲϣˡ
ƾѰҲȷסԷֻߡ
Сڹ굹ǻͷĺܣ
ʯЦкǲʣӴ˴ο˿ʼͱڤסһҲûõʯԼֱܴ衣
ȻȻģͶԡסڤʹ
ܿ죬ʯ͹˲ö룬ΪԱߵѰѾһһƨڵϣڴϢ
˿࣬ÿһͷʹޱȣҪѣҲ;ƿݣ״̬˼ޡ
ƾһǿţֻѻԹȥ
úϢʯڣκ˶һָʯѰĲ״յҲǸмѡ
ҰɲΪмǲԸ39ӪرõѰٴϢЦ
٣ûһﵹͦмеġʯЦҡͷ˵ţתʼѹεҿϵơ
һߣɱŭ𣺡ģСܲȹæ
ʯӴɴ٣ȻҲҪ˰æ̫ˡ
ģСһֱ޳ܣӾ㣬类̭ȥˣ
ƿڴ
ڵϵѰЩ̸ѵõķ뿼ʱʣ²ʮӣһԽˡ
ɾڴʱȻһХԶ
ףȻɱɡʯλĪһ֮
ݲӡ㡢ıĲ˵ӰǴԶг˹
ѰͫȻһУ粻ƫƫʱ˭ǡ·
ʯǷһĨЦվ塣
ŭ𣺡˭ǾˣϽ
˵ʱӽ˹ȵǽʣ40ӪѧԱ᧿Σ
ɵݲֻЦЦ㡢ıĲĵɫ
㣬ģȥæݲӷԸһ䣬ıȥѰƣ־һ¡
ʼգǻȻѰǵĿٲȻһΣѣİæͷ
ԸıһϲݲӵģҪԼûѹѰϵư
ͬĵ㡢ĲȥɣսսƷܵҪָһݰɣ
ѰǷӦѾҪˣǿæģοѰ˸ˣҲûвݲҪôҲɲǲӦ
֮ݲˣһǼͬһӪѧԱıˡ
޳
ȷɵǴŰæЩʱ¾ǱС̹֪ˣҲ˵ˡ
Ѱһ㣬к޹ޣȴѾûȥֹվյ̫أڤĹĹͷʱĻֹ
εǣ½ʣһ˾Ҫƫƫֳһʣ˭ֻ¶ѡ
ˡ
ʱʯȻվݲӵˣʲô˼ҿ˵ֱһЩˣǾʹʯʬ̤ȥ
ϣһɾȻ
ݲɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ʱҲ
ǺʯݣҲ֪ʯԸһºԣӲƽ̫࣬ȴû뵽ʯһֵ̾˺;
ʯˣɱϾ39ӪָĶ֣ʶû˸Һ̬ȡ
ݲƳһԶʱѾ׽֣вϧһᡣ
ţݲȴ˵ȻˣǾͰˣѰ˿̫أΪá
е˼ǣУǲʯɵıˣѰıǼˣ
ԣˣ
ıݺݵͷѰ಻סпϲĻ뵽űѰŰ̧ͷĥѰֱŵ
ϣֹҪѰϵƣҪûѰһǺݵģ
Ͼһ¶ȿУûй涨ɱ
ºС̹ٳͷıѲںˣѵС̹ٻԼֲ̭ɣ
ıѼ͵ĳȥ
ˣʯɫһ䣬ͬʱǶ˾ͲݲӺ㡢Ĳ˵ĿңңߣһԼ֣ݲƱػһǡ
Щһֱ
ʯдޣˣĿܻ䵽ز
ҪʯѰ꣬ǾԲܣ¾ǺݲӸһܣҲϧˣ
ɾǶ׼жʱԶĴУ͵һ̶֮ļХĳֿµƿһֲ˼ٶȱ
ڳɫһ䣬ǺϤǵ۹мΪʽƼѪ
۵һͼıûѰһʸѺݺݹᴩĴȣһѪɽա
ıѷĲҽУ˺ݺݵĵϣ֮
ģʯվλãǶʱһĨЦ⣬ͬʱдУеϮҿ㣡ڻӣ
˵ţ͵ſıϣ˵ڻȴһı̽һͽԷϵƸ˳ߡ
ıţֻ·ǱѪɡ



132 ˽
ʵʯѣڳ˶ʶܿͬʱҲ˶ֲ֮ء
ܿ죬ͼӰԶȻǰҶСߡºһİꡣ
ǵĳ֣Ӵݲӵ˼ƻõһɫԶ֮ȴû
ʱľƺ΢Ѱʯˣݲһֻò룬Ȼж޲öԷ꣬40ӪصҶСߵǰֻʱվͬһߡ
ϾǶ39ӪأɱǲŽĺͿֻöּˡ
ҶСʮ㣬ǰ
ǸղŵıֺܾʣҺǼһĵ̭֣ҶԸһС
ҶС߸пеġǼһȻָѰ
ݲӵɫЩѿףΪθղһʸᱼıȥˡ
Ѱʲôʱ򹴴40ӪصһСӣʯɫʵ
ʲôйѰûҺ޲һ𣿡
ʯȻɣСӸղſɾһϵܸӰ
Ѱ׷һʱˣ˼Ц
ٺ٣ϧʯˣԶġԶҶСҲЦ۾СһЦʱгһߡ
ٳȻˣͱˣ
ݲӼǱ˴˽̸Ȼһ˵Ĵڣõвŭѡ
ݲӣ˵ҲɴʱȴЩ˼飬㶼û֣뿼ʱֻʣ²ˣ
ҶСȻսбҪȥ
һѣԴȴŨŨĳõݲɫһǺ죬ֻʣһӣҲҪսף
˵ʱͳһ˳ǹâ䣬һѸݵ磬֮
ҶСЦ̧֣һڷѪƼѪ֣ңңָ˳ݲӡ

һɲХ˺ѿһֺ˵ٶȱɱݲӡ
৵һݲͫһóһܡ

һ䣬һƼʸЮҫ˵Ĺгľл֮У֮ĴӲͬǶݲӡ
һּٹƵݲҲòܵˣһƬ꣬ѷԭŵĵط
ˣݲɫѿĺӣ
˱ˣһο֮󣬴һΪһӪѧԱαʱ󶯸ɸ꣬˱˴˸飿
ҶСЦ˵
ֺ̬һƺ޹ĻȴƫƫһŨŨĳζҲһıˡ
˿̿һУѰʯ˵ɫԶЩ΢΢졣
СӼֱǸ޵ĸ֣ÿˣһҪһٵĳ嶯
Ȿ£ɺĺܡ
ݲǿŭ˵ʲôһΡ
ǿ˽Ѷţ
Ȼôˣһ͸λúأҲգԺᣬʹ˱
ҶС̾˿Цй˹֣ºһתȥ
ɶ񣡡
ݲӴмֱ֣͸Сӡ
ߵ㡢Ĳɫò
ԭǴûһˣû룬ǵıͻϮûܳɹݲҲͻȻðҶСߵ˺ķһ֮仯ǶЩ벻
ʱǷӦʱѾˣ
۴˿̵ѰʯˣԶظЦˣֻǿݲǵĿУԶԼĮ

Ŷпĵһ¶ȿˣĻ
˳ɼѾ
Ѱʱˣ̫أֱӱ͵39ӪеĲżеأһʯҲڡ
߱ѪӪרŵҽޣֶθ߳ЩҽչˣصƣֻҪһܾȻ
ܿ죬˽ŵÿѧԱС
ӳľһ֣40Ӫʧܣ
ѰһӮˣҲζţӽ쿪ʼ40Ӫؽڣ
ܿӪֹֻ֣ϡϡģûȡ
¶ȿ֮ǰһʱ39Ӫожʮ˱̭֣뿪߱ѪӪ
ڴ˴¶ȿУʣµĶʮѧԱУʮ˱̭֣Ϊۺϳɼ̫ͣѾڿ˽֮󣬾ͱͳ߱ѪӪ
֮39Ӫֻʣʮˡ
УѰ
ۺϳɼֻеȣ¶ȿ֮ǰĻܳɼ469֣еȡ
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ܼ򵥣ÿѧԱжɱһǿߣ
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˴μȿ֮󣬽ٴδӶʮӪвõʮӪأջ̭ѧԱҪȿ֮ĳɼˡ

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Ѱ˰æֱ׳С̲סһЦһɲǵķ飬κ˶ʲôһЦ


136 
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֪ѣĪǡ
׷µѰȻû֣ԱĪ˿綢Ͼ䱦㣬۾ǰֽϵͼϣݵϾǳԾ𺳡㱡ϲ֮ɫ
Ѱûע⵽Сע⵽ˣЩԾֲһֻţȴǲҴĪ
ܿĪѳУʱֱɱܡ
ֻСǣѰҪƵһѶ󣬾Īģ

ʱһζͽȿ˵Ļ
ʮӪУѧԱڼӽ׼ÿһӪصʲֿ⣬Ϊܻӭĵط
˶Ҫɱһߵʿ׼һЩװͲܳɹ
Ϊ˲̭֣ÿѧԱϧѻ֣ʲֿܹӿϵװɨһա
ʲôסڼס󡢻硢սѥսܡ鹭ͳͳ˷
Ƕ󣬸ǳΪŵһĶһ
Ҳܺ⣬Զɱǿ󣬸ҪķֻҪõõԶʿɼ˺
źǣÿӪеĶ࣬ҶһҪĻּΪˣʶܹӵеֻһСѧԱ
ڴˣӵƼѪҶС߰ңڵһ¶ȿʱ򣬾Ͷһ˴ȻҲظһˡ
ҶСߣӪѧԱҪƾЩ۹ʽһɱʿǲܵ顣
ʿɲǼӣӵſǿߵսѷɫսɺ;飬ʽֻܳ䲻ظԷһ˺
ҲζţͷϷҪÿѧԱʵȥɱ

ĪֿС
ĪŸոƺõķָıоɫ˵ļ
ȫûһ󣬾ӵ˶ͼӵĶľṹ
ĵ۹Уû㣬ֻ˼½ˮ׼ƽṹȴ˸ӵĶ
ȻҲעԶѰ
ͷƥģǶʮ֧˪ʸֻ糤󣬱ֳһˮϸͼǵĺâ
˪һȻûоԣĪѾεȾˡ
Ψһȱ㣬̫ˣĺīļֵֵϰ˰ң
ټһλƴʦʱѪ۸ֻߣ
ϧѰʦɵģ̫ߣȫΪ۹ÿһ֧ӶװϣĻõ۹һΣ
ĪԴźĸп
Īе֪СҲ壬ƮǴɱ
ѰĿⶼЩСԿ﾿װŶܣô֮䣬ó˾ı
ѰûнʲôĪж󣬾תȥҪʼȿˣúú׼һ¡
Сӵʦһλ˲õĸˣһϣӵʦˮ׼ʦ޷ƥ䣬¹ѧԺǸ϶ƲȶصĶ
Īп
ΪʦĴңĳ壿С
֪Īеġ϶ǵĪò߱ѪӪܻס
ͬλһλ۹кպʦĪȻ˵ѰʦλҪ֪ǺεȾˡ
޷²⣬Ҵû˭ƷҲû˭ܶӢս¯иĽ
Īüڤ˼ãҲ벻˭ܰ쵽һ
ȥͷ
ȻСʲôת뿪
ȥʲô
ĪȻ
Ҫһģ
ʱС޳Ӱʧڲֿ֮⡣

߱ѪӪӪء
ͽмȿˣʮӪصĽ̹٣ԼһЩӪеǿ߶ټ
߶룬Ŀаɨˣľţʿѡϣ
һƾĿմǰץģԱ֤һɫһʿ
ߵ˵ͷΪֹ⣬켾ȿʱ˶Դ֤ÿѧԱʿС
ͷ
룬ȻʵλΪ˴ζʮӪصѧԱУ˭пܵһɱʿ
һ仰ڳ̹ٺǿ߶¶˼֮ɫ
Ȼ7ӪصİϬһӺԥڣڳ˽Զͷ
ȷϬӵСǧ츳߱ѪӪжĿһ֮Ů
ӪصĽ̹ȴԶ¶һĨ
ϬȷۼսɱȴԲ15ӪصһЩ
ߣ֮ȷ22Ӫصĳۿɲ
ſ˵һ࣬ʱ˴˶һ첱Ӵ֡
ǱЩӪѧԱޱȵĽ̹٣˿ȴһø̬ʱҲ֪θ롣


137 ȿ
˷첱Ӵ֣ͲߣӸһˡ
ü΢΢һ壬ĿһɨȻСһֱĬԣʵС棬39ӪУܹڵһʱɱһʿѧԱ
絶ƽ꽻һѹסȫõ˵Ŀⶼ׷׿С档
˺棬Ҳ˲ΪȻԾԾԣ͵С汨һ֣ͺؽз
Сû뵽ʱ߾ѯ39Ӫص
룬Сҡͷ
39ӪУѧԱڤʯɡݲӵȵȣֻǺͰϬһȣվ΢ѷɫһ˿
ڤޱȣȴԲ⡣
ʯóػսŻѰһһɱĻᣬսµģڵһʱɱһʿֻҲ԰쵽
ɡݲ˵սǿǿǰϬ츳ԵѧԱעҪǸһЩ
˼ȥСջûдһ֡
ò׼СЩ΢΢ʧҲЦѣһѲµС˱̬ģ
ҪжϳһѧԱʱڵһɱʿȷЩѣҲֻе켾ȿ˿ʼʱܵõһȷĴ𰸡
߳ڡ
׼һ̸ʱȴһ޳ٻӰͷΪʮӪѧԱУһɱʿĿ϶39Ӫء
Сѳڳ͹߶ˣԸƯӣһ֣ڳ˶ǰһ
ǵСʱȴü궯⻰һӰѳ39Ӫ֮ѧԱųˣδ̫Сˡ
СҲüڿСʱѸһĨ⣬ʱСԼ39Ӫأ֪ԷΪԼͷСܲ
ʱ̲סЦСҿɶ֪39Ӫʲô⻰Ե̫ˡ
Ҳ׷׵ǰ㵹˵˵39ӪоĸѧԱܹ쵽һ
лٶһĨϷʺͲΪȻ
üСĪҪҡ
һ仰СԹ˲ɽȴһ̬ⲽߵǰˮӯӯһɨˣЦȻ֪ҲҴţ˵ǸѧԱ39ӪصѰ
Ѱ
ȫһţ˶һͷˮһ˭Ϊδǰû֣
СԭΪС˵˭뾹Ѱ֣⣬һŭСǹҵģ
Ȼ֪СѰϵǼϵٺãʱſڿӣ
С̹٣Ѱ˭
̲סʳ
С룬Ǿʵʵ˵Ѱȷ39ӪصѧԱӵؾΪս伫ɫ˵ʵҶܷһʱɱһʿްա
ԣɫѱù죬أΪܹ߱ѪӪмֵڣȷܲ򵥣˵һһʱڵһɱһʿȴ˭޷ŵġ
С39ӪصĽ̹٣Ѱûģ˭СĻ
СǲǸҿЦˣɹȻЦ
ٺ٣ؾСǲǿСˣôоЩԾأ
Ҳ壬ûϷСһѡ
ۼԽԽӻңһãɲڣСȻһЦλǶһѣӮˣһóһǧ֣ˣͬÿһǧ֡
˽ԶһСŮѵģ
Сɱڳʮˣ͵ҪĻ֣֪Ŀǰְɣ
˴Ц
ֻҪëҶģﱣ֤һ֣СתԴȴ͸һ˿Ȼ
ˣ
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ȫѻȸ
˶Ϊ飬һ֮Ĺϵˮ
Сһͣһ˿˵ĸӣջЦС棬ҿã£ұֵף
˵ţĿ⿴ߣȻͷԸ⣬ȻҲԲ뵽ע
ϵǣ̧Сãյͷã
һ֣ͬһּ⣬ڳÿ˶һȻɫ죬¡
ߣ
С纮˪ת뿪
ˣСзһ˿ɬȴһνӣ·ϰ˶ԴԼ
ܿ죬ӪɢȥֻʣСߡ
ΪʲôҪôʵаķӶС͸һԵѹ
Ϊ֪Ѱ϶һС̧ͷƯһƬᶨ粽á
Ҫԭ򡣡߳ӦһˣʮڣĻָ֧뿪߱ѪӪ
ԭ򡣡СԵúܾ
üЩɺֵѾǸСŮԼ飬ҪԼеĺ߰ɡ

СЦ˻֣ת뿪
ֻǰɣһֱĬĬ߶С˧磬οɻȥϱˣܷ̾ͿˣһҪӮ
߶ãȥСú̸̸ɲϣΪ£ԭ֧Ĺϵһٻٵ

ϣѰʹСе֪һУסĿɿڴòſЦС㰡濴ҡ
СԹ̾Ϣ˵ڽУģ첻Ⱳӿɾ߱ѪӪˣ㡭𣿡
СԹʮǻѰһ㼦ƤæĵУȫԸŬʧ
С۾һɣԹ֮ɫһɨգɱڣʲôȫԸһ쵽
Ѱʱô˵

һ硣
߱ѪӪ֮һƬɳĮУѱ˶ʮ޴ޱȵս
ÿһֱΪʮս̨
ȿˣͽС
ʮӪأֱӦһսÿһӪصʮѧԱԶӵһרõս̨
39ӪصһѧԱС£һս
տ޴սУʮŽս̨ÿһ̨ʮɷΧ
ѰǵִʱͿÿһ̨ϣԶѸһѺһòĻǿߣ
ЩǿһϢɷޱȣ类һͷͷֲޣҪ˶ɡ
ʿ
һɫĿΪǿߣ
ͷųѪɷϢУжЩԶսմѪȣѰɫ
һĻѧԱɫԶǵĿЩʿһԴоͲ⡣
μȿ˵Ķ֣ȷ湻̬ģ



138 ǹ
뼾ȿ˿ʼһӣӪصѧԱھĵȴţŬս״̬
ζֺܱ̬һ޷ͨˣͻᱻ߱ѪӪ̭֣£˭Ҳ˿⡣
ѰҲĬĬעԶս̨ЩеĻǿߣԺиֳйػǿߵһЩϡ
٣ԼǼһǵһɹģֱ֮
أһ̶Ц
Ѱûͷ֪еġǼһָԼ
ʱ򸽽ѧԱԼĿⶼһĨϷʺͲм
ʯɶһɲģ
һжСǸԼһҹ֮䣬ʹ߱ѪӪ֪˶ٻȻ
ѰҲ߱ѪӪܡĿѧԱɡм̸š
39ӪҲ⣬˵ѰͨŬ֤ԼԼĻֳɼϵУ˵ܹһμȿгΪһɱʿѧԱ˶ˡ
ǿԼֱǺ֣
39ӪУڤʯɡݲĸѰǿĲġҶСߵˣҲѷɫ£ŻѰ԰쵽һ
ҪǣǼȿˣʮӪ֮ĽӪпͬƣѰĲ֪ж١
ϬۡЩ߱ѪӪѧԱѰԶԶ޷ġ
˶ԱҲȷû˻Լˣȫ͸һ־һͽЦ
ʯϢʱһһէģһģץסѰѯãǲԴˮˣô뵽ȻĵĶԼС
Ѱп˵ֻܿЦ
˵һжСǸŮ˸۶ӣ
ʶʱ˿̣ܴĸĿ⣬ԼʱЦѰֻܵš
Ѱ赽вУ
ɲ֪ʱչ´Ѱһü㣬£һѵһ󣬾ûһװٿˣĸǰԼװݣ
ѰһŤͷɨӣȻͷֳ⣬39ӪеѧԱһɫס硢սѥս鹭ÿ˶һһͷλδ۵⡣
ôţѰϸ۲컹ãһϸ۲죬ʱ۾ɴЩһΪͨ˴μȿ˿湻Ѫģ
ɡʯݲҲһԼװʵʵ
һпѰһпսУֻҪЩһϵǹˣֻ¶һҹϽðһ׷ˡ
ɺȻоһڣоѰԼĿ⣬һ̶СƵġ
辿û˵ŭ
ŶûʲôӦûһЩյġѰڵ£ȷһѵһ֮⣬ʲôװҲûУʲô
Ӷģ㻹һĲɵģԽԽŭˣԼŰɣοʧܣӷ㲻ɣ
˵գŭȥ
뿪ѰһΣеķ󣬰ûҲͨ˰ɣ

ڵȴʱӪڵĿУҲйѰǸԼ
ЦġмġġϷʵġ۲ڶ
߷߲ƽΪѰ̫СӢۣʵúݺһ٣һĽѵ
԰ϬۡЩҫޱȵĶѧԱԣҲͬ˵Լֻ붼һЦȻûзϡ
־磬ҲֻСĳȥעݡ

󿼺֮⣬һʱӪأһͰϣվϣԶԶͬĿ
ںڻüջĿ⣬˵
ͷʱڵˣҵǾãһο϶ǰһͷСЦԸƯ
۾ԱȻЦСѡ˳Ĭ

һӺ𣬿˿ʼ
39ӪڿһѧԱ̨ʱ֮䣬̨ܸһĻ̨֡
һ̨ϵѧԱǿ̨ϵսģҲǱ˴˵սܵѧԱսӰ졣
Ѱɫƽһ̨ͦӰһƮȻ׿Ȼʡ
ѰŶ棬йѺŵĻǿ
С飬˻սʿͷУɱ˲֪С飬£͹Թ׳࣬һĸɴһЩûôʹġ
ԳưͷĻǿǸò꣬ͫһѪɫȼգȻͷųһѪĿϢ
ǱѺУͷϢɿ֮ȷֻս֮ӵеĶϢһЩС侳ǿߣǱŵö־ɡ
ѰȴƻȻŶԷһĺоĮȻ
ǵ۹ĵˣǲ̡ŰҰ
սУÿݵ۹һǳأͻдģʽԴ֮顣
Уļ֣౰ӵ鲻̵ߡ
£֪ѰҲʲôøˡ
С飬Īѱ˵ңûãһƨҷţֱų˼£ͷЦ˫Ĵ
ó
Ѱ룬˵飬Ͼȱۡ
һȱۣõðͷȻŭ۾ˣѡ
Ѱȷţ߽̹ǰ˵ûҪŭһǿߺܼ򵥣ȱ۾㹻ˣΪһֱͼҪϴˢȱȴһֱԸԳԭ˵ˡ
֮һѣ㲻ʲôȴǿ֮裬ȱ۲Żƽϵ飬ҲӲ֤ǿߵȷкܶȱۡ

͵أȿսʼ𣬰ѺڻǿϵԶ򿪡
¡һǸѱüİͷ򣬵һʱ˳ȻſɲĻ
С飬
ͷɱһԾն˫ſɲĿĻ棬ݺѰ
¡¡գɲŭϯоǴ̶ı
ǿǿߵսһ֣ǵƶκ侳ǿ߶Զв
ѰƤʹ۾ҲܸܵһĿֲûӲһ
ѰʼնûжһĿһֱԷӰԷĹ켣
ֱԷӰڰճʱѰٿȻ̧֣һͨͨڶģͬʱָȶ׼Ĺ˰ϡ

һɲǣһܵǳ
ڰյİͷ򴽽ǷһĨм󣿻ͼɱԼ
Ц
սϣ֪ɱ˶ͼö͵ϮԼ飬ԲὲȹС
Ƭ̣ͷͫȻһȻʶ˲ԾƺĲͬ
ΪҰкȻһ̻ŵɫǹ⣬˼£˼Ϣ
ǣ
ͷĵӿһĨǿҵΣգ궼ھҲڣޱȵǹ⣬ҪС



139 ʤ֮
¶ȿ˻ûʼʱСͷڿ⣬Ŀһս̨ϡ
Լ٣ʵȤһЩɫ΢΢Щ
飬ҲֻĳСüϸһĨŭ
ֱʱɲԭһС
Ҳô˵ˣЩѰһֱĪһ𣬻СǿĳֿܣŻ᲻һ顣
ĪС䣬ҰѰףҵһĲ
ЩͷۣСѰС޵˹̬ȼĸ޷תơ
εͶѰôûģ
СĬƬ̵Ӧÿͨ˴¶ȿˣ˵ܹһɱʿ𣿡
ϸ룬տЦЩȷ벻漣
Сüɨ˷һۣҲţȰң˵漣ҿ
û˵꣬Զ̨һȻһ
ͬʱҲһһϸС۾ȻһĨ˵ĵâ
ֻѰڵս̨ϣȻһƬλðɫ꣡
̻Ѥãǹأֺһѩ˪̿һƬĶǵ
ֱƿʧɫݣ
һɲǣСͷԶһϣ㱣Ưļâÿֲ
ǵĿ⣬ȻܿһнԶѰһò۵Ķϡ
ֻǸ޷⾿һͷųλֲֿ˵

һ첨Сͷ͵ؾѹ̧ۿȥͼһս̨ϣֵĹĻʧ¶Ѱͦ׿ȻӰ
Ѱ£ȻаͷĻǿֻ״ˣһڴѪϣҲӲƿһ⻬Ѫ˿ͷƤ顣
֮⣬ʮɫļʸӲ̨ͬλãͷųļµĺâ
һĻʱ÷𺳣૵Ӽȿ˿ʼŽȥӰɣ
롣Сɫ³֡
һʱ֮䣬˽ԶĬ룬ɱһĻǿߣ˶ζʲô
ⲻ漣𣿡
СĬԡ

ʱӪء
߿ŹĻϱӳŸ󿼺ĳĿһֱ7š15š22š31ŵӪصĿ
˵ĿһֱڰϬۡеѧԱѲ
żҲῴһ39ӪأһǸѰ꣬ɫҲһɲǱ΢΢Щ
ֱ¶ȿ˿ʼʱߺȻŤͷһԱߵС߿߻һ˲ͷ֣Сǰƽ
Сǽ߬ŵһ֣Լ΢΢ͫףʱ˿ѽŵ˼¡
вһ̾Ǻοࣿ

ȻһĻϣȻһ߲һ񣬲Ÿտʼˣ˻ɱ˶֣
ֻǵһɱʿѧԱʱɫ˲ùô
һɲСҲסˣԲƵĺݺ۾ֱȷһжģ̲סЦüɫ裬ɷͲ
ͷӮˣ򵥵һ仰С˵ʱȴһļϲãһޱȡ
ҲЩ𶯣ָỮĻʱ֮䣬ѰղŻɱǿߵһĻٶӳǰ
ɲǼļ꼤䣬ǡǹ񷣬˪ɽӣһױȵĹλ֮
Ǽʯ־һɲҲһ˿㱣С¶һĨԣƯı
ܿ죬߻ָ侲ĬƬ̵ƺӪеʽ󡣡
СͷȷǣԲĪѰףûôܹͣƳµ󡣡
˵ţСѰƷ˪һһ֮ߡ
ԣŬã˵Ī˵ĲСһʦӦһλ˲õĴڡ
˵ţ̲סƳһСȻ֪ЩΪβǰң
Сʣǰ˵ˣ˭ҶԶģ
ߵʱԣһʱЩпôˣСѾͷԸɲı䣬עһĽƫĺ
ʱСʵͷⲻװɣ
ҡͷӪвûй涨ѧԱ
Сʱ׷ɣ̧°ͣЦ룬һɱʿӪѧԱУ˭ҼС˧棿
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СŶһΪȻЦǲǸøѰΪ䴴һ漣Ƶ̹ܽٲòʱ޸ӪеĹأһ󼰵ҫ
ߵһۣ˵ʲôһĻĳλٶȷһĨ
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ѰҲЩȻ֪ԼһֳĶ̫ϬЩﶼԼѹ±ߣ˭ֻж᲻ˡ
ѰôǷΪ˰СӮԼô

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ʿգĿǰһ仰ڿһˡʱʯҲЦ߹ѰĿ΢΢Щ
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141 촽֮ӡ
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߱ѪӪҲֻѰһܹܵ
ͬʱѰҲģԼ¶Ķ̫ʱһЩҪ鷳
ʱЩȷټĪҪʲôǷԼĴӰ졣



142 ƾ֤
ɻҶɵĴׯࡣ
ҹʮ֣ߡꡢСԼ̹ȴһڵȴʲô
СĪֱִ֮ʵĪӢսĽˣ
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ߵûˣֱ޷
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ԣڳжһĿ¶âӢս޷в麣ǿߣ
ƾ֤ĽӢսǿ
ѵõǣսֻΪݣλԶμӹ۹֮սӦζʲôĪĿƣԡ
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ǸսУԻɱһп麣ǿߵġʿ
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ĪѰȻʮϣƺԼ޷֪ºܡ

ڶһ磬Ѱص39Ӫء
ȿѾӪָֻѵпᡢ̬
ֻǵѵʱȻһȺڳ39ӪУҪѰдд裬һλȿ˵һѧԱʲô͡
һȺԲͬӪУԼĪʮȻǶѰüȿ˵һ鼫Ϊ
һʱ֮䣬39ӪضͬһӪصѧԱвٴ㿴֣ҪһѰǷӦսˡ
ҪѰûκԥضȻܾЦд裿Ҳˣ



143 
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ΨУĬĬƬ̾תȥ·һָȤ͹ע

ʱֵòʱ䣬С̹ٲӪУһֲδܿɢ
ʱƣŷֵѧԱҲԽԽ࣬ܿͰ39ӪǰΧµˮйͨ
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һӣڳ˶ΪѰ˾٣ǹⲻսһӣѰĿҲ֮ġ
ҾҲңѰȻЦ
ǸҲҵ飬Ҿù֣Ҳһһǧ
Ԩŭˣ
Ѱһ׳յģһ˲Уȥ˽谡ֻҪչһǧʱ㣡
֣Ȼһﶼô˵ˣһٿЦվ
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ݲӡĲĵһ39ӪѧԱû־ҲһЩʲôȴΪһоѰҪġ
ҵҪȾ£ҲҲӦһд衣ݲЦ
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ѰĿһɨܣЦŶԨȷҪдһ
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Ԩû˵꣬ͱһ˴ϣԨ
˵ţһ߳һɫӥһ˲Ŀ
7Ӫص˵7ӪеĳɼλǰȰϬԲһ
ҲǸݽɫԹϴϣһܳٮٮ֮һ㿴һͷҷԾ洫ѧХɱȭһ򣡡
ȷ˵ǰֵһЩӪУһλҲ׾١
ǰ7Ӫظ̫ˣϬһ˭޷ԽĴɽ
ȺۣԶܲѡ
ɡʯ˲üսʿδϵģҲ˵ʵӹɵǿҲѶá
ѰԾʤ˵
Ѱ۾߳ȻҪдҲԣٶóһǧ

˲㲻Լ䣬Ѱһ𣬾һֵ
ɣԨôС
Ѱõûʼд裬ǾͻһˣֻԴһҪѣбɣ
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ԨҪ˵ЩʲôͱִϣȻӥӿѰãҴӦҪ󡣡
ѰЦʹ죡
ȻϣʱѼȿ˵һλó㲻ӵ
һ仰óȻһĨɱζ˶ʹ죬ԶȲѰһޱȵĽѵ
ѰԴˣֻ˵ͷ
һɲ㿡ϵЦǷ沿һƬƽ
ڣȺ嫵ת˯Ԩ±ߵĲ˹



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ϣصĪĲֿʱѰյǧֵ۹ңɽҵĻҲжö֮࣡
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˹Ե֮ЧȷʵԶ׼˿̣ѰȻΪ޶پԼӵеƷʣٶһЩ
ֻһ緺ɫ꣬Ө͸зһ˿˿貵Ĺ
ҲζţѰսʱͷųøǿ£
ѰʶֹԼѨϵĵаԼһ̻ľҲԴŲ˼
ȷһܿĵ飬һж֤̻ľЧҪԭġԪҪǿ̫ˡ
ΨһѰЩյǣ̻ľֱ̫ĵҩˣԭΪĵе⣬Ѱú߲ͬͬҪ䡣
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һʸٶȲ˼Ŀ죬һ͹ᴩǾżūļ򣬽ԷݺݴɳȥҽС
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Ϯ
ӪһƬңһǿߴж
ಣ
ѰӰûܣֱӴӪǰɱ룬ƾսӶ˲佫ǿնɱѪ䡣
Ѱͣ첽ǰ壬һͷڷ¶忡ӣɫ۽ڵɱ
ɱ
ͬȼգĵĺŭһѧӵ˼¡



һ̵ѰһԨӳĵ棬ǿֶΣַɱ˹ȥ
Ѫ
֫ɡ
ҽвϡ
һѰδֻһ뷨ɱЩʮ飡
ӪһƬң˭Ҳû뵽һ꾹ӵֲսֶΡ
ĵ۹ڷսʿȫ̫ͬˣ
飡
Ѱֱһ飬ƾս裬һżūֳһشɱ
ѰܣӰǰشһֻǻ˻Σͼǰ˲ϢݺݲԷȻݺһš񱩵Էֽݺݱɳȥж
ֽܾ˵ƴ򷢣òǿ߶һп־塣
꾿Ǵðģ
ÿ£
ѰʹͷѣȴƻȻֵǰ壬ͺһɱ
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һϣ
ŭĺһǿ߲ϳͼѰΧɱ
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һעͽͣ߱ѪӪѵѰһսѴﵽһںŵĵز˵ͬߣؾǿУҲѰ֡
㡢ĸ׿֮ӵ۷Ϊ㡢ԶҰܣҲκβѰ
Ҫ֪սʱѰû̻ľ
սжǿΪѰ̹ٵС涼͸
£ЩǿҪƾԸѰͺԡ
ɱ
һһǿ߱նɱѪʬܿѻһء
Ӫһ࣬ЩѺеĵ۹ʿѿס
ǸԡѪսħ꣬ǶԼֱ㣬Ե˲˼飬·һ㲻ʵ



155 ˮʥ
ӡ
ս
Ѱ϶˿ڣصľǼܵһ߱ѪӪĥ֮˶ѰԸء
ȾѪǵ˵ģЩѪ忡ӣжһĲơ
أѪѷϾǺ˵ʬԼһƬһƬѪա
һȴ޷Ѱеĺ⡣
˰
ֱ޲磡
ЩԴ۹ʿĲһĻʱѰѽԷжΪ
͵أһ˳Ļ𣬴˳ɱŵա
Щеĵ۹ʿ˿̽Զлع̲סеļ
ÿ˵ϣд˼мܵɫһ㡣
Ϊ֪һʰµ֮ڻˣ
һĻѰȴһҲ˲
ħ֮󣬵۹һսֳ˶꣬ղŷɿˣ
ڴʱ˿̣ܾͬͷÿһںһսĵط
ѰҲսעпᣬĿǰҪģȥӦȥԿ

Ƭ̺Ѱ£ЩĶʮ۹ʿ໥Я뿪Ӫء
Ѱ
⴦˲õӪУŲʣʯľӶ࣬ҲһЩ󡢵һ
ѰʼжǽɱĶʮǿϵġͼơһһߣȻֿʼõܹҩ
ֱѰһ߾ǿʬȫڼľ׮ϣ絾˰㣬¶ڷС
̣ܲȴһ;档
ţ
Ѱһ߾żūʬڼľ׮ʱȻʬеһӳ
Ӹ뵰Сͨ徧Ө͸һĨε֮ɫˮ뵷߳һƬ󺣰㣬һֺϢ
ѰУʱоһɳǵıϢڣסһ£ƺᣬһ˿ɬ
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ܹϵıӦò֮ͨ
룬ѰְصεսָԺлٺúоһ¡
ֱһУѰʰ׼õңӰ˸Ȼ뿪Ӫء

Ѱո뿪һӣ֮ǰ뿪Ӫص߸żūǿط߶һλεһߡ
ڿݣֳһĥɵĹȣ֪һˣͻῴǡͼڼ롱ĶװһֳȻĵλݡ
һ˷Ӫأһ߾߱ľ׮ϵʬʱʱŭӣһ
Ұ룬ȫˡӦǿΪһǿ߲̽һӪأɫŭޱȡ
һȺҰĿһջŸʲôȥѰͭҳ
ͭ
ǿһɫ䣬ʶʲôһжܿҵһʬӪеͷĿ
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ҰһﱬһĨޱȣǰʬǰе޹Ⱥݺݲʬಿλ
ۣ
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úҰһջعȣ˿ͷˮڿݵ΢΢Щס
ȫǷ
Ұŭ𣬡ǿ֪Ϊ˴жش˱ˮһ˶ۣò׾ͽɹȴУǡֱﲻ⣡
λūǿ¶֣ڵߵס
Ҳû뵽°أôͻȻȱʣΪ˰ȫ˻ش˱ҳ֣ѡ˵δ۸ӵħΪ·ߣΪľǱǿߵע⡣
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һǿһ
ǻϽжҰݺһٹȣ
ǿ߶ʱչжҵӪزͬ򣬳ȥ
һȺûõĴҰһ
ٷŭҲ벻õİ취ֻܵȴţϣϿҵ
ˮʥ鰡
ˮһʥѾռʱ䣬òײŶٶ
Բܣ

һǿսìӪغ󷽵һͰɽϣۼҪִɽۣȻһĨѪϢӿǶˣͫһУȻһȥ
һƬʯѣѪȾǴƮɢ
ǿâ¶СսìǰֻǣʯѺ󷽣ֻһֻѪܵĶ֡
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壡
ǿߵķӦν죬˲Ϣʶ˲ԾĵطһܿȻоһһսѾࡣ
ǿ۾͹Ҫźʺȴֻһ΢Ϣ¡
Ѱ֣鵶һĨͽԷǰġͼơߡ
ȻѰĿɨһԶӰһݣͳһȥ
ҰӪȥзĪܸоʲôõҪ
ȴҾʹ뿪ǡͼڼ롱ȻλȻóս
˿̣ûע⵽ӪزԶϿӰУһӰȻ߿

ХӪصţҰһʶܣһļʸͷƤӹݺݲһ棬һƬʯ
ҰǱڵϣһԴָͷϾѪգһղǡ
ŭͬʱԶܡ
ڲԶϿӰУѰü֪ʧˣ󹭣תȥ
ûãշɢȥѰǿ߷أҰǱģʱԶһɫ䡣
׷Ǹ鳯ǱˣҰָԶݵϾԹ
ˮҰߣԷٷ⣬ȥ׷ɱǿߡ
һò̵ӳԸ
п˴磬ľ滹ûлһס˵
ӦѾزˡ
п˵ĵĿ˸ɫоǺɫεĶֺܽƻӦþ׵۹߱ѪӪеǿߣħУҲֻЩ˲ܰ쵽һһҪСһЩ
˵գǿߣȥ
۸ۣһҪʥҰں󷽴ͷƤأѪɫԵøɭȻ


156 ҽˮ
һƬֳǰп׷⣬ٿȻֹ
ħеĴ֣µ֮һзֲʪ綾ԼֹµĶޡ
һ£ֹߣǿҲԸðȻС
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һǿ߳
ˮ󣬾ͨ׷ٴɱ֮ķſϵĶζ
׷
пԣûٳɣ˻֣ȳǵĴڡ

qqĴһյԹУʧ
ҲգͰĹľпܲŻ綾ܣĻ˲仯ΪһѪڣ·һִ٣Ҳпǹ߳װ
Ļȷ̫գǿƼӲĵ棬Ҳ˲仯Ϊһ޴ӿһУɲǿΪ
һ·׷٣п˵ǿ߷ǵûܵһʱѰټ˼գǷӦ죬޷ȫ
ɫԶؾ֮ѿʼЩڴĪĴڡ
пˣ̫أֻ᲻٣
һǿʵ
ᣡ
شˮĿԶζڣڲԶѾ׷ˣ
׷ʥԲܶʧ
пԭҲЩɣ˻ʱһҧǰС
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ˮٿȻֹԱߵп˴˸ʰȻĿ⳯ԶһִĹȥ
пᣬ߬ӿֳһĨâ
ϢǱ߿ھֻʣʮʱ
ɱ
п˵Ӱһ𱩳𣬴һִ󷽳ȥ
ֻһȴ˸գǹ󷽣ǿյһƬΨڲݴУһȾѪƲǱ˺
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ͬʱһܼ籬ļʸƿȻ쳹ԵĴǡ
п͵һš˫ϥڰףһŵĴƵģٿȻı䷽
䣡
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пӰأͷ亹ղǼʸֵʱֱ̫ǡڰб޿ɱܵһɲǣֱӰ㱻ܼʱʵ롣
͵أһҽ
п˻ȻŤͷͿԼԶһʸˮۣ­󷽹ᴩһճѪԽѪŻ
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пĿѣ޲ܰǶ̻
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ͨһɾ˳߰ɾ룬Ȼûע⵽µĵ͵һ˺ȻС
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п˴ңðЪ˹С

пŭǰɽһɲǣͱһܼļ˻
ľס
пûŭǰ壬ÿһζᱻһļʸ˻
Уֻľв³Ͼʧ
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Ƭ̺п˶ֱĸо
˵ģûпͬͱɱһζʥжҲ泹ʧܡ
п޷ܡ
±뾡Ұ룬ֻϵľսʿлؾƣ֡
пҧȻɫ
˼Ϊεûһɱ

Ѱӡ
׼һٻɱп˵ʱкȻһ˿ǿΣգɣȻпˣתȥ
صĴУѰڿ񱼣ӰһĨӰһƮĹ켣
ûͷ֪еںһֱ׺ԼΣյĸоâڱһʧ
Ѱ֪Լĸ֡
ǰħ֮ǰʯԴ˴սķ
۶Ե۹ǶһԣħʵһνҪøһǿͨѪսȥ֪˽֡
Ҳζţ߱ѪӪ237ѧԱħеĿˣпܻͬһеǿߣۼսȻҲѷɫ߱ѪӪѧԱ
ʱ׷Լ󷽵ǸһǷһеٮٮߣ
Ѱ޷ȷ
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ɱһǿפʱӪأһս֮ͲͣЪһ·ӱհп˵ǿƬ֡
ԭѰĴ㣬Ҫһȫ߶֣ȻɱһǹٶȷһӪأҰͼڵһĨ
ֻƻȴˡ
ѰһԼսĽһ룬ϻвơ
ĺƸʲôĸ֣ЩԿˡ
þ˦һӶȥֻԽԽ
ѰһԺһȫӶݡ

󷽴УһýӰǰУÿһʮɾ룬ƻʵٶȿþˡ
һӣһͭɫļȴǼӢͦ䣬üɲޣǱ絶ƬƵĴһƯĸо
ӣһԺƵģʱէһĨâε֮ɫ
ǸҰһϳӾˮһһ̳żūе콾֮һˮ
ˮһʵ޻̵ͭһͷýԱڴǰС
ȻˮͫܳһĨâ絶ĴһĨỡȣǺǣҲæ
˵ʱһ壬Ӱ㱬ȥٶ̫죬оһ
ˮӰٿȻһ٣ǰ·ϣĿӰѾֳ
һò忡Ӱͦ꣬ӵһͷִˮͰѪɱ
ˮִʱһѪԴ䳹ɱ
е㱳
ŤͷԶˮס̾
ˣȻѰ
ȷЩӶʱȴһͷײһѪߣֻܻܶӵս
һ󣬾ͱ󷽵ĵ׷ˡ
ҽˮˮһ
Ѱˮδż֣΢΢һЦ¶һѩݣҽܵǰħ룬ΨһĿľɱ߱ѪӪѧԱ
ƽȴ͸һļµζ


157 ˭˭
˵ţˮһóơ
ǰɱ߱ѪӪѧԱӦʶɣ
ˮʣӢƯϴһ˿Ц⣬ȴ˲
ѰĿһɨȷƵȷ߱ѪӪѧԱУ١
ܽ
ѰֲսϵѪգЦʵ
֮ľֻʮɣ˴ţ̸ţһֻǳȴĪѹ֡
㾲·ܲסѹ֣ٿȻɢȥ
ԽǿɱʱŻԽ˽䡣
ˮ˻еƣ絶ĴЦⰻȻǲ֪ɱʱǷܹҽһˡ
ƣָһʵ޻̵ͭһеУȻһĨɱ
һɲţһεĿɲϢˮý
ȻҪɱңϻô࣬һʣ˵Ҳȱۣ
ѰֱͦЦпʮˮƴĻɽں

ˮЦСϷἤŭЩûӵĴϣɾδ̫Цˡ
ҾòЦҿǸʮʮȱۣûӵĴҲǿ˶١
Ѱһش
ŶǾֱӶֱһȣ
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ȱۣ⻹ʣ
˵ʱѰѳֵɱ
ৣ
ĵâиһĻȣ򵥡ֱӣһǰ
ղŵĶݽ̸Ѱһֱ̽ԷͼѰһֵȷܲ򵥣ҳΨкսһ
̫ļˣĪ̫࣬ƴȫսپ
ˮ΢΢һЦǷһĨĻȡͬʱֹ͵ر塣
ˣ
̵ͭһƺǿѪͬһ򵥡ֱӵķʽɱ
۵һѰܣ˲Ϣһ磬һѪˮ
ˮ΢΢һͫһУ͵һȣʶؾҪ
ֻѰѳô˻ᣬӰ͵ײˮУƾսʩչ־һһڶԷϻһѪܵĵ̡
ȫܾ˵ĲҴ򷨣
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Ѱͬ͹ˮķӦѰˣ±ȻѡԱͼ֮
ˮûôܵѰһ֮ƺһ̵ͭһƿѰ磬Ӳ˺һѪ⣬¶һɭȻ׹ǡ
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飡
Ƭ̺ɱһŵȻֿ
ѰԡѪ˿ڱ鲼ѪʣѪˣ忡ʼһƬ磬·ûи顣
һ࣬ˮͷɢֲͬ˺ۣӢƯӱһƬͬ·ûи顣
ĿײԶһߣٴγɱһ
飡
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ͫԶ΢΢һĿ˴ײ·˵´μʱڣ
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ˮҿǵĻصܳͷɣ
ҰĬȻҲĵһԭ
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һȦȦĺɫ޹ǺŽɢٿȻ˷ɢȥ



158 ɶ˻

Ѱȫٷɱ𽥱ôأ˿أѪӱɷ׼͸
صǣѱ;ƿݵıԵҪ֧Ųס
ԴеѣоԽԽأѰٱ侲ѵʶ֪һԼһиͻ˲ضȻС
ӣ
Ѱҧ߱ѪӪп̬ѵѰһչֳ־ԡ
ͬʱóЩѼҩһ̽ڣҲ˲ֻܲһЩ
Ѱǰ͹һõӣֻҪ죬ò˶þͻԮ
ѰûôӾζ䣬ᱻ߱ѪӪ̭֣Ѱ޷Լʱʧܡ
Ÿոսħڰѣ䣿
֪䣬ѰѳƬ֣ǰҰȻһһƬߵɽ롣
ɽ˷Զݲͺͺʯų֮ɫͷųȵİɫ
ѰĿɨӣǰѿʼģԴ
һսƴ̫ˣֹأҲĴʱκһǿߣֻ¶ɱ
ŲԽԽأǦѰһӿĳɫɽ֮ȥ
ҪһȫĲ֮أֻĿǰƺҲһط
ɽϺȣȥ¯УѰϵѪˮ䣬˲ϢͱΪѪƮɢ
ѰʶԽԽģǿԼţֻǵִɽʱ͵һ䡣
һɽڣ
ɲ۽ڻɽ·ŨŨƲڣܹ
ѰɣԼǵȥԻ˲䱻ۻΪҳ
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ѰŤͷԼԼܹһ˿޵ƿɽ´
ǵ׷
ѰǷһĨԳǰ⴦·Ű
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161 治ɵ
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ǿһһеĶﰡ
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ΨˣսʱԷӳǿ


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ˮӥͫУԶ꣬ϵƽ֮ɫûһ
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ʱƽݵԼʱɱһ־ƿص̬ʱˮӥڸеһ˿Σ
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֪ͬšɱ顱֮ƺŵˮӥ˿̾˼ɵһеˣֻ·ǱЦɡ
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ԶǻıըֳѰأսû˿ķɡ
ĿǰΪֹһжƿ֮УֻѰȴһǷܳɱˮӥּǿߡ


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ˮӥһɲٶȻˮӥȸֶԣļʼ֮С
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࣬ȴˢŨѪˮսһﵽ˿ǰҵ״̬
ÿһ뿼˵߱ѪӪѧԱڽĲɱ
ħ⣬۹ڷӪУһ߱ѪӪĽ̹ѵִĿԶԡеħ룬ȴ
Ŀǰ̭˶ˣ
쳣࣬һɽĶ³ʵ
117ˣһǱ֮ѡͻƽ̭ʣµĴǷźṷ̋
Աߵɿ챨һ׼֣ĿǰΨһȷľǣжѧԱɥħС
³ü̾Ϣʧе󰡡
룬˵һ߱ѪӪѧԱıֶܲǵǿ١
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ܹӪмѵѧԱĿֻ²ᳬʮ֮ˡ³̾
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෴֧ʯ֮ЩûʯѧԱĿԶһɫӿһĨԾԾԡ
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֪ȱһһģɴʱȴʹһɼζ
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179 
츳ԣߵ츳ԡǡѪȵȷ棬ͳΪ츳ԡ
յ۹츳Եֹ츳Դ·ŵȡ
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𿴽ֻǵߵ츳ԣѾԽѰ̫࣬һҲΪ
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180 ˸ҷ
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ߵȽ̹һɫأɣţĬ
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Զн̹̲סʳõ̹ٽԶ鲻ԽĿ⿴ߡ
Ҳɻ󣬸ղѰʩչľһĵΪλӵ˷˼
˵ֱͲһ侳ܹʩչģ
û
ߵĻش̹ʧͬʱԾõǶѰӡƽһϢ
սѷֳʤȥȻˣҲûϵ
߷Ըһ¾һ̹ٳеء
ȷ֮ǣֻ˻ʱŰһֵˡ

һܣĪ𾪡
ʱڿУûʯѧԱҲ˲öп׷׿ʼж
ҪǣĲҰܣѵڱ̭û˽뻯֮Ļᡣ
һԭһʯҲճΪĿꡣ
ͬʱʯѧԱҲ¾űᡣ
ΣΪղʯ쾪һսõѧԱʶѰĿ¡
ڴʱ˿̣ǵû˸ҽѰͷϣǱߣûٿȥ
Ѱ˿ֱϥأϸ֪
ħʱѰƴһǿʽʩչΣѾļޡ
ħ뷵֮һʱ䣬Сרָ£һʵνͻͽֹΪؾԲزʶеĻҲ˵ڰ˿š
һжõںĶԾзӳ˱ǿӶһѹԷ
ȻؼĻǲʽʵ̫ǿˣ
Ҫ֪Ѱûȫղʽľ裬ӳʮ֮һûУɾ£ȴܹһѹɴ˾֪һеˡ
Ѱ޷󣬵Լղʽľ裬ܹȫʩչʱֻεȿֲĻ
⻹ǡԪеĵһУ˲ʽ֮⣬ʽʽ
ԤеԲȲʽˣй֮
һУȻǰݡͨؾ͡
һ뵽⣬Ѱвһһʱ䣬ٹһЩͿٶȽͨؾˡ
ιοɹǿƵģֹһû˽뻯֮ĿܣֶʵԵġ
ʯȻ
Ѱ֪һΪȷʣһų׷ڵôΪֶЩˣ
ʯҡͷĻᣬֻ룬ѹֻ»Ϊʱ׼Ǻ㣬֪ɣ͵۹Ҳһϵ游ǵ۵屲˼ǺϣԺ鷳ϡ
ѰüƺЩֻ
ʯЦĸңֻһ¶ѡ
Ѱ룬벻ʼû£Ժ鷳ɿ϶᲻ܵġ
ʯʱһôܺǸһ޳ܣ
ѰЦеû취ҷǲ޳һЩֻᱻɹƭ
ʯַ̾ϢѲţ
˽̸ʱеսȴڲϱΪһʯЩѧԱԶ㣬ʩչȫֶΣ
ʱƣһһѧԱҰܣ򱻴Σֱս
ʯҲɱرѡΪ֣ʯʤĻδʲô⡣
Ѱע⵽ĿǰڳеѧԱУ39ӪѧԱռı֮ࡣ
ѰԼʯɡСڤݲӡҶСߡ
ֻѰɡʯռһʯڤݲӡҶСߣأԻսС
ûãҶС߱ܡ
۾ϸСó޵֪꣬ûʲôϣ֮󣬺ѵתȥ
ҶСʧûãݲҲΣֱӱεء
䵽زѰвʲô39ӪУѰģݲӡıɡ
ıǰοоͱֻ̭֣ʣݲӣֻźǣҲûߵ
һ˽ʣһӵʱ򣬳ֻʣһѧԱûᵽʯ
з٣ѾΣأԻڼţֻǺȻʣµһڣѼûϣٸıʲô
ֵǣٲδʹ䣬⵹ò⡣
ѰٵĿ⣬ʱʱͫһС
һڣǷȥɵʯôѰԵЩȣ׷
õǸ㿴žСȻʯ͸һɹصζ
ѰһĿ⳯Զɿȥ
ͬʱǷٺȻȻֱӳɱȥȻˣټϾ뿼ʱʣ޼ѰҲʲôʶԥسˣ
ֻǾһɲѲһеɴǺȻһĨЦһ֪˵ģ
ã
Ҳѳ޻תأֻҧӲƴһɺݺȥƴȫ
ɼͬʱ͵һȣգЮſɲâٲݺݺ¡
һ죬˱ɳȥҽвѡ
ޣ浱ս˰˭᲻ԼһЩƣ飡ıġ
һĻ˽Ȼһѵһֱװ
ѰҲ鴤һ£һĻУԺԲܱǴ³çƭˣ
ʱ򣬿˽



181 ߱Ѫ
˽ռһʯʮӽԶеһɣظ
߱ѪӪоп̬һѵΪ˽񳯣
ͨˣӵ˽뻯֮ʸֻҪͻƽΪһڣ
Ǵ߱ѪӪĿġ
ģڽˡ
ͨһʯϣд˵⡣
һΣۣܳڳһڼѹжĶ
λؼңҪ˭ȥƣ
ʯ棬ƺڴʲô顣
ѰЦЦ˵߱ѪӪʱλԺʥõ˵һϯ
߱ѪӪѵҪԼйϢô
һ̣ѧԱ¡
һѵǶҪǰֿҲпҪʶԭϾҪ뿪ˡ
֪ʱУ絶ɨȫǽµʯ֮ͨͨͨᱻ򿪣֮ǰȴҪһ¡
ԣһѧԱһݣ˼Ҫһ£
߻˻֣һڽ̹ÿһѧԱ䷢һöԼĪͭҴСѪɫ¡
һ·һ֣׻߱Ѫܣ۹ս桱
񷣬ּѪ
ڻ±棬׭ŸѧԱӪеĴš
ѰĻдʮ֡
߱Ѫ£ֵֻѧԱʸԺ뿪֮ö߱ɿĺܣ
һ̣ɫǰδеࡢϣᶨ͸Ųɵ
ѧԱһ𣬽е߱Ѫս
úñ
һһ˵
ѰߣȻ֣ǷҲ̹ٵ߱ѪӪѵʱһݴţ
ԺҲԽԼʮ
Ѱҡҡͷ߱ѪСⶫĲֻ߱ѪӪһеѵġ
һƷӡԼٹ켣

䷢߱Ѫ߲֮ٷϻһ̹ٿʼѧԱǽܽ뻯֮ע
̹پǸСߵķꡣ
ѰӡֻԴĪ뿪֮Ѱͺټˡ
Ҳʱ֪걻ʮ
ȻֺһӦһš
֮һͻԵÿʮ꣬ӿിıԴ
ʮƽǶҲֺ֣ܶΨԴ
оĵģΨвʮڻصһѧԱԶϸΨִκһ˿ϸڡ


ʯϣѰʮѧԱĵȴ
һصرϣǱ׭Ƶĺɫʯ˿̾ӳѹһĿâ
ЩâʮʯϣÿһѧԱӰȫ֣ƻãǷ
¡
Ƭ̣жȻӿֳһ籩ض˺һŤޱȡ
ܹһѧԱӰԶһƾոֵУٿȻʧ
ˣз籩ʧţɫʯҲɢָƽ
ֿˣҲ֪˴ξжѧԱܹڽʱ۳һƷء
Զһڽ̹ĿôĻ˽סп
Ӧûв٣Ͼ˴ν뻯֮ѧԱĿ֮֮࣬ÿһѧԱʡ޲֮ѡһԤУڻ֮еͻƣҲܴļ¼
˳
ǱȻϬСѰЩˣҪ۳һƷأӹɵġ
ʮЦ˵
ҲȻѰԣսȫڰϬУۼ̣վһЩ򡣡
ɫ侲ǶЩѧԱУǰؾԲزΪ˽뻯֮ǿǰѹ֮á
Ѱһһǰս߱ѪӪʱӵؾΪҲǰͻƽؾ˵ٶ˳ԾڵϣδѷɫһЩ
ԣ̹ٽԶ׷׵ͷΪȻ
ѰĽȷܿ죬ֽٶǶеޣֻٶȿ첢һ£ûдʵӰͻƽʱ۳
Ͼ侳ȫͬѿʼ;Խǻ񣬽ʱܻøĺô
Ѱһ֮½ͻƣٶȿ죬ʵ˲òĵǷʵۺˡ
ĸι̣һ˿ɱȵġ
ȻС˵һ䣬ˣѰؾʱؾѧԱÿһνսͻȫµɱ䣬ǸòỳɣħǸʿѰ˹ʺ˰ɣ
ѰµԲ˴ν뻯֮Ҫ۳һһƷأӦò⡣
СҲһԸ͡
һԱ˴˹ϵӵû˿̱˼ȴһ£̹ٽԶȻ
벻УͨӰ̿һ֪ˡ
˵ţתȥ
һڽ̹æϣǶҪȥͶ֮Ӱˡ
ֻҪͨӰ̣ÿһѧԱͻʱ¶Դж۳ؾʲôƷࡣ

ѰֻԺһѣѵʱ򣬾ͷԼһǰ
ֻһĶԲ˵ΪСҲΪΨˮԵüأ͸ʯ峺ӳӰ·Ϊһ˰㡣
һӺΡ
ں룬ֱƯһʯ̨ϸһǡʮ
ǻ֮
𿴺ۣǺгصģɶԴҺ壡
ÿһΣ̺ųĿɲ
ͬ˺Ҳ֮գղʮ֮ǰĽܣ麣ǿߣһóȻ뻯֮Ҳᱻ̱ɲ˺飡
麣ܹݵأ绽ǿߣﶼᱻ֮ɱ֮ΣҲͲԶ
Ǵ˵еĻ֮
ĪĻԵ۹У֪ĻԵ֮أǼ٣Ͱǰƾߢ
һ̾ѧԱ˿Ҳڻ֮һĿȣԾԾԡ
˵֮мʱԽãͻʱõĺôԽҲ֪Ǽ١
ʯڲԶ˵ɫͬڲסϲɫɼ֮֮
ǼһԲ֪ˣ
һ࣬ɴһȵһӰһݣͳ嵽˺ϵһʯ̨
ˣѧԱҲӦ˲˷ܣһץʱжʼռʯ̨
ѰжʱȻȴס
ǰϬİŮ֪ʱѿףѰ˵Һ֮ǰ˵ؾʱ㷢սǷ񻹼ǵã
ѰʱüòҪѡսɣ



182 
ѰЩͣɲϣʱͰϬսη壬ǻ֮ǰ˭˼ʱսһ
ǰϬִˣѰ˾ܾĴ㡣
ϵǣϬҡͷս÷Ҫսҿͻʱһȡ
Ѱһʲô
ϬָŻ֮Ȼ˭мʱ䳤ʱ˭۳Ʒʸߡ
Ƕ㲻ս۰ϬǷ飬Ѱ϶ҲȫԸ
ϾһͻԵ˭ʱ
һ˼ѰͺԥӦ
ϬٶԣӰ֮ӰƮ裬˲Ϣһʯ̨ϡ
ѰҲٵ飬ֱ˻֮нʣһʯ̨ϥ
˸ղŵĽ̸δڣвѧԱʱһƽ⡣
ϬֻѡѰΪսĿ꣬ζţУѧԱѰ
ѧԱжݣǵҲҪԣ˭ܹڻ֮мֵʱ

ʯ̨Ư棬֪ɺεȲͣͨӨ񣬷һĺ⡣
ϥϣ̾͸ܵһ絶ĴӿڣѰʹѪҺƺҪᡣ

ףһּȴޱȣӵв˼á
ؼǧ֮֮࣬ɷ֮֮ľ֮ȵȡ
߶ԣܹΪԼãȴ١
⻯֮еıԴǵһıֹƷിҿ
ҲϡޱȣڿĻԵ֮
¡
ĴʹѰٳɣϢ񣬱̨飬ʼת̻ľڻžѨϱѭ

˲䣬һɹɴ͸űϢıԴڣ񵶷㿪ʼĥȫ
ѰֻǧУͨ屻̹ǺϮǱԴƴ͸ʵһּµķ֮ѰǺΪеһ糱ˮĴʹС
һ£Ѱȷţǰʮġ
߱ѪӪһѵʵҲΪ뻯֮ĥǿǺΪԵԱԴĳ
һ˷ƺ𣬴˿ϥڲͬʯ̨ϵѧԱԶɫЩ࣬£ҲѰһִʹϮ
ʹֱӴԵЩǱ
϶ԣѰıַ㲻ɫأԱųδŵ
ֻڸղţԱС࣬һȫת̻ľһϸ֪ı仯
ʱƣѰܿӦִ̹ǵĺϮ֮С
ֱɫüһɳ֮һܵ˿
£һư֣ƽһʥ翵ʡ
֮ǰѰؾеԲزͨɱ䣬Ƶġ䡱Բ
ʶͻƽѰʲôĸѱۺޱȣԶͬ
ټѨϵĵԼ̻ľĸõһǱ˼µزƷ֮ߣ֮ǿֱÿֲݡ
£ѰΨһЩ޷ȷľǣڽ֮ٵأƷܴﵽεȵزˡ
ֵ˶еģֻѰһˡ
Ϊ֪أߵı־֮ڣһΪ
صƷߵֱͣӹϵԺ⣡
ߵսǷǿӵеǷǿᣬԺܷӵиԶĵ;صƷߵϢϢء
£˭ܲں
ϬʯЩѧԱ֮Կѹƾ磬Ϊڽʱ۳أ
ڻ֮һƷͻԵ˭ܹ۳ԼأҪ˵ĸǡʡ̺츳ˡ

ʱˮҴѹȥ졣
֮ϣʮѧԱĴһǧ겻ĵܣܣԶŲͬ
ϬǳĹѷ裬Ƿ
к֮䣬ķ֮
ʯʱ糱ϫ۸һֶصɣȻ
ԵüԵ̳ƽ꽻
ѰԵþĬ粨Ĵ󺣣Եúƽʲô֮
˶죬ҲĲͬչֳͬʣֻҪϸԱȣܿණ
߱ѪӪӪУһ޴ĹĻһо˺ֵӳֳ
ߵһڽ̹ĬĬעţзÿһѧԱĲͬ֡
Ȼ˵ѧԱУ죬ͻƽƲ⣬ڽ죬һѧԱл˽ˡ
̹ٽԶͷ
ֻۿÿѧԱչֳҴѿжϳϬСڤʯաŷ׼ɵˣע۳һƷء
н̹ͬ
ֻǿϧ̭֣ƾ֮壬עҲ԰쵽һ
Ҳн̹ٶܱʾź
ƶܣֻܹԼ̫ţѰ֮
С浭Ȼ
˵ѰıֿЩƽ棬ΪǷȱԵʣûǴĻǰŰΪؾԲزɣ
вٽ̹ٺ棬Ѱ֮ǰıһһδǵԤٲС
ֻǿ˿ڻ֮еı֣ȴԵЩƽӹҲɣ϶ԣѰƺȷѧԱǷȱһЩ
Сüûж˵ʲôͬЩ׼
ѰٶȺܿ죬սҲǿһѱһδ֤ӹɡ
̺սһʡżϵҵÿջ۵ĴĥʹͣһһϦ֮
ѧԱ׾ͿʼΪ˴˴ν뻯֮ѹ֮ã֪̺Ӵ
һȣѰȷԵЩˡ
˿Ѱһģ
ȻСڣЦˡ
һϴΪȿ˴ģܸС飬Զʶҡͷ
أЩ̲ס˵СͶСôţ
СǵȻ
ΪѰܹ۳εƷأ
Сԥ϶ǵһƷ
˽ԶˣΪСЩ£ܲΪȻ
ҲٺС粵ȽˣһĿȻ
С鿴Увһƣ޲ѰھͽƾʵݺݳЩһһơ
Ȼ˽еͻƽˣ



183 ֮
һ῵꣬˿ϢĵХƽڽ
ϥŵʯ̨ϣӿһɫˮĹɷ
ɿһĻ̹ٽס̾Ϣ꣬ǵڶƷֵס
Ҳ˵ڻ֮İ£۳˵ڶƷأЩǿˡ
֪磬ֱǡ͡
߽͵ڳΪǿߡ
еأǽı־˾ĥ£Ϊ֮
Ʒ಻ͬصƷʷΪƷ
һƷرͳΪ֮ࡱԢϲԴ۳ء
أԽΪ̬ͬ۹ǧʷУֹġ֮סҡ֮֮֮顱ԶһƷء
ӵصģΪһĿţһӵее̺Ժɨ֮ͬ
ڶƷرͳΪ֮顱ֳ֮˻ۣ˿´۳ġ֮ꡱǵڶƷصһ֡
ӵصģΪǧһ׿ԳƵǡס͡
ƷΪͨأҲѰǿߣ߽ԶɹΪУҲձһء
ɴ˾жϳƷ֮ĲǺε֮
ӵвͬƷأֱӵȫͬй켣Ժĵ;ܹӵеԼܻõĳɾͣעȫͬ
Ȼϲ޾Ե飬ֻҪıֲ࣬ȴǺѺѣϣã
صҪԣ
˿ΏõĵڶƷأעԺϣӵеһƷص룬ҪȡøɾֻܸͣʮٱŬ
⣬Ҳһڽ̹̾Ϣԭ
ˮۣһ֮֮
Щ̹ٶǹˣȻһ㡣
ӵС֮ꡯأҲ㲻ˣ߳߱ѪӪԳƵ׿֮ԺŬҲͬԳΪ۹ķ
ʮ˵ǵ̫ߣ֮ߣ߱ѪӪЩѧԱѵõһ˲š
̹ٽԶϿ۵㡣
ȷ۹֮УӵжƷص߶ΪǧһѧԱӵɾͣ㼫㡣
ֻǺ߱ѪӪѧԱȵĻԵúѰˡ

´ûãʹأھһѧԱٶԱԼõĶƷأǲһĨɬ
ڻ֮İ£ûܹ۳һƷأҲơ
ûãһٿȻʯ̨ƾճ֣˾У˻֮
뿪ʱٶѧԱ½ÿһѧԱʱʱ䲢
ֻһֱעһеߵźǣУûгһ۳һƷصѧԱ
ȫһɫĶƷء
һĻǸ磬϶Ī䶯߻ȻĿ࣬е˼顣
ϾƷҲĺܣܹӵе޲ǧһʳȺ֮
ǿûʲôֵùעģϾЩѧԱͼ㣬л֮ͻԵ޷۳ڶƷطǹ¡
῵һʼٶȹȥʱ䣬ڣ½ʮѧԱɹ
ֻɲһ۳һƷصġ
̹ٶüϾҪﵽһ룬ȴûгһһƷأɲʲôͷ
ҲֳֻܱĬ
һѧԱȷͬڽ뻯֮ϣͳ̫ࡣ
ߵԤʮѧԱУܹҵѧԱһƷأѾ㹻ļ¼
ᷢ
ʱҲȷ
ʱܿٴιȥ졣
ۼӪеĽ̹ٶеЩƣĵȴѾǿҪľġ
ֱʱжʮѧԱͻƽ۵ضһɫĵڶƷ
֮֮УֻʣʮѧԱûн֮Ум۳һƷأ
˭Ҳˡ
УʱƼаյ飬಻Ԥı
ֱϣҲˡ
ˣһͷܿǣ˲ѣ׿ţҲעۡ
ֳƵУȻһ𣺡ˣˣ
ৣ
н̹ٽԶһĿˢˢӰӳľ޴Ļ
ֻĻϣϥʯ̨ϵĹڤͷϿգٿȻӿһƬ貶ĿĻϼϻۣջΪһ©ı
ϼȼգɽӣ
һƷء鱦
ߵȽ̹붯ݣĿоǾ̾鱦ֻһ֣ʵָڤ۵ƱһƱԴʱܹӵв˼ã
ǵһƷأΪ֮ࡱϲԵ
ڤš̡ƺŵĹ壬ġԪǺ۵ϣʵ˲𡣡
˾̾
ڴʱǻ֮ϣٶͻƽԸһ֮âڣ߿裬ƾ춯ء
ɣ
˿̾Ҳͻƽҽ֪۵ǵһƷء
ߵһڽ̹ٶȳԾĿܹâ罻֯һ𣬻ΪһƵ״
ǣ
̹ٶȻǿɴӲǵãһһƷأֳ
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˽Զ𺳡
ڤġ鱦ɵġ֣֮ҽԶǵһƷأȾʵ˵ġ
һвûоʹ˽ɸͻƽãʯһŷ׼꣬ԼһյŮͬһʱͻУ
ɲǼ䣬ϳȫľ
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һ͸Ļš
һͷ۾ɫӥչХ졣
󣬷ֱȫͬأҽԶǵһƷ
ϫӣ黨ڤ֮ӥ
ߵȽ̹ٳױһĻסһͫţһж̫ˣĿϾӡ
֮ǰҲһһƷس֣ɴʱãһ½
ÿһǿĵһƷء
ƾһ㣬𾪵۹ȫȻ󲨣߻Ȼ
һУɲ
ΪлѧԱУѰϬĿѧԱ
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˽ԶΪȻǿ϶ģҲֻѧԱӵеһƷأڣѾѧԱ쵽һʣµѧԱУҲעܹ쵽һġ
˵¼Ҳӹɵġ



184 
һһѧԱͻƣ½ӻ֮дߡ
ʱ񣬳ֻʣѰϬеѧԱھ
Ѿǽ뻯֮ĵ죡
ѰԼȡ˶ٱԴѳУȻҡ
̻ľչֳǿۼȡٱԴԶᱻϴȫ߲ܵļơ
Ҳ֪ãѰֻһǿҴʹдʹ궼סһڡ
ע⵽ԼѨ˿̾ڲĳ䣡
Ѩλǻ룬ֱǡᡱǡϹáĴѨѰʱĵУǴĴѨӿ
ĴѨ֮϶γһرֱľǡý֮ס
Ѱ߶ԣѨ̸϶ҪͨɶѰԣ˴ȴżΪ壬ΪӵʱġԴͲѨ֮У
˵ԴѱߣΪͨؾĹϵѰɹѨϵĵУѰӵ˳Ѱĺô
ȻʱѨȴڷ䣡
ĵб֮ÿޱȣתٶ֮죬Ǵﵽǰδеĵز
һɴʹޱȵĸоǴĵв
ѰǺûȥƣΪһֹͣתĵֻ»˲ɣ
ֻŬԼ侲Ŭơ̻ľٶȣԴ֤Լ߻ħ
ʱƣһɴʹԽԽǿһ඼Ҫ˺ѵĸо
䣡
ѰҪܲס־ʹʱһɿֲȻѨɢ
ɲǼ䣬ڿתĵУǱ˴˽һ϶µһγһȫµУ
Уب֮ϣǡᡱǡϹáѨֱһڴԨ㣬ʹ
תٶȲ죬ȴȣɢһɿɲǲϴתıԴֽͬ㣬ֱѹɷĩһգ
֮ǰĵеĴһȣֱС׼ף
Ƭ̣һ˺ľʹʧһʹĸоȫ
Ѱ˲ڸȷţԼѨϾٶȷ䣬ɱȫµã
һû˻ĵУѨϣ
Ϊ벻ǣֱ仯֮󣬾ͺ񵼡㣬ʼѰһı仯
ѰʼıԴڵ˴ںϡ
ͬʱļ⡢ǡƤĤѪڲϼȡԴϱ
ʶУԭǿϣԭģһſŻǣ𽥵
ǣ֮ǿ
ѰҪһŻǣúķѪʱ䣬Сڤѹȥһ࣬ǿ˰˿ŻǶѡ
ȻʱʶеĻȴһ־˵ٶȲϱſšʮšʮһšʮš
ڸУʼһɶͣʲôҪƿǶ
һмڱò˶ãѰͽƾ

ӪУĻ˸
Ҫˣ
߳ڣͫ棬һգգ
̹Ҳͬˡ
ҰУͷϣȻλðᣬȴһַĿĸо
أʼ£Ϊһؽ⣬ǡһâĺɫ񽣣ֱҪնƲ񷣡
߻һٶȼӿ졣
̹Ҳ¶ݣԱƽ
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һּڵһƷҲƺأһڵ۹ʷϾǧ֮ʣ
ֱʧߵŻع񣬱˴˻ܿԷͫľ
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н̹ӡ
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ǧǰĽʹˣ
Ժ븡ֳһǧǰĴ˵Ǹۿնķӡ
λӣԳơ֮ʹӡһŷйĴ˵䣬ֻûλʹˣԺʥã
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ǿ϶ģֻǡ
üԺʥһֱĴɵǵ۹ڰжһ޶ȻءѪȡᡣ
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Ϊӵеأ̫أ
ʱѧԱעŲƹȥѰҲǰϬһлƷɼ׵ѧԱ
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ڰϬС޻˵ӵСǧ츳ԵŮעܹ۳һƷأδ֪Ľֻ۳ؾʲôĿˡ
ǣֹȥ죬ѰǰϬǻȻûһ˿ƾס
˵ȴвЩʱڣϬϲ춯˾һĿˢˢӹȥ
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ĵ׽ԶƵظֳһĨ𺳣֣ӳվ죬ǺεȾһĻ
ǿɴӲ˵˭ڽƾʱ۳ܹ
ҲǸ޷϶Ϭ۳ؾкãӹɣȻǵһƷأ
ֻǶһִ·Ϭ˿۳أƺһƷظΪǿ
ͷòᡭòǳƷذɣн̹ټĭ
һ仰жǺݺһɫ΢䡣
ڴ˵УһƷ֮ϣһֳƷأΪؼĽΨб˶ϲԳлԵܹӵС
ֻ⴫˵̫翣ԹҲûܹ֤ʵ˵ʵԡ
ܣȻĴ˵ܵ棿
̹Է
ͷ˵أ
ߡ
˵ĿҲ֮
ߴʱȴƺʲôüͷ壬ĬС



185 ֮
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ܿ죬߱𰸣ʮǰǰ¹ѧԺݷһλѣ˵۱ӵгƷأʥ֮Ļꡯ۳ܣ׻ȸĴ֮Ӱ
˵꣬òٽ̹ԱƽʧģζĴڳƷأ
λһأֻǵʱȶ˾ƲŲἰ£ҪȷʱԷȴἰԳֻǴţ档
߼˵
һڽ̹ٽԶɲ
ΣϬ˴۳رȻͬСɣһƷͬǵǲضԴйƲ⡣
ߵ˵޷ɢһڽ̹еɻ
ҲǣϬܣ̫ע׷ɻ䡣
ţ
ȻСһƳע⵽Ļӳֵ龰ʱʱ۾ŵô
ߵһĿ뿴ȥͼ֮УϬȥֻʣѰһʯ̨ϴ
ֻǴʱǻ֮УˮһۿɼٶȷɿʧҲ֮³
ߵ˽Զһ⻯֮۵ģɶΪıԴ˲֪²ӵģ
ڣ̻ıԴȴһ־˵ٶʧ
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С֣սƲסǺ
СЩ̹һۣקסѰĸ첲תȥ
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нֹ̹
СѰ𣿶СԣҲ
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룬ȥһѰܵõһЩǴ𰸡
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Ӫһҡ
Ѱһ·һ˾ǣֻɫأЩЩ겻Ƶġ
ô
Ѱ֮ɻ
ȷ˳ˣҲ˳пٳһء
ֻȴ̫ر𣬾ȫһ޴ķ籩۶ɣ
з㴿͸ɫתһƾ֮
籩УζŲȶ
οǿУһֻ»˲˺ܲ޸ش
ѰĿǰǲһ㣬Ϊϸ۲죬籩аȻһֱתȴ֮ȶɽ
Ѱһִ·Լһ׵ĴԨԼؾǿڴԨ֮µһ籩УһҪûʮصϢ
ʲôأ
ѰҲ֪
е˼ǣԼת̻ľʱͻΪģһĿı仯
ʱһŲ𣬶ʱѰӷҵ˼ѡ
Ŷ룬һ۶ǵѰ;ֱڶλϣһԷ絶ӣƽκ
ѰƬ̣˵ղŷҲ˰ɣ
ѰͷҲ⡣
ߵǷйϵ
ѰĬƬ̣ЦҲ޷ȷʱڽȫ˼Լϣûע⵽֮ᷢ˾䡣
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ҪԼ䷸ɻ䣬Ͼÿ˽и֮ء
ȻҲһ㣬ʶƽ˱ܾ׼
ֻǳϵǣѰԥʹӦˣЦòҲ֪Լ۳ؾʲôˡ
Ѱһۣģܲ̽ʲôһ㱣ܡ



186 籩֮
籩ۣ֮
Ѱ߳ʱԺأ֡
һСʱϸ̽ոһ𰸡
Ѱǵøղ˵˻ʱüһĨεɻȻҲ޷϶̽Ƿȷ
Ѱʵ˴𰸣ȷԼ۳Ȼʹ˵еĵһƷط籩֮ƣȴȫһģ
Ϊʱת̻ľֹػһɿֲת֮ͬʱѨϸǵһȫУҲ֮һת֮
ȫͬУһһ£һ˳ʱתһʱתһֶضı仯
ȫ֮֮䲻ϱһһʯĥѹ㣬ֱִƾףֲ
ãѰʱֹԼȡΪӴҲĥƷΪ֮
Ǵ˴ν۳֮Ѱ仯
ڸղű߲̽ʱѰδ¶һ㣬Ϊǣ걻ߵһءԴܣǶ޷֪ġ
ϼǰʮ֡
֮߳Ѱֱ39Ӫȥ
ոͻ磬ȫµ˷츲صȫɱ䣬ѰҪϤȫµ
еĵһ磬ִ˾磬͵̤˵;侳ȫͬ
ȫµľ磬ȫµϤƿأӰԺС

Ѱ뿪һжԾá
գóһƶɵᣬֱӷһհҳϡ
ͣ
ָΪʣаϱ׭һ֣Ѱʮ꣬ӵеһƷء籩֮ۡ
д꣬ȴüƺЩ⣬סһ̾ԺĪ˸ղŲ̽Ѱ龰
ʱԸ֪֮ϸ̽ȴǸ֪Ѱһصķ籩ء
ֻǵҪظ̽ʱȴһĨ˵ļ¶ƺ̲һеɵ
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Ѱһ˵ܣܿܺͻ֮ľûҪټ̽
Ѿˣأ֤һжѰйأô
ѰԼȷԼزǡ籩֮ۡߺγֲ֪
ֻǡ
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Ϊ籩֮ۿͬǵһƷأΪ¶ûгֹˡ
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սѰʵ⣬ϬаϬ·ѰѰ·Ҫھڵ;ϷֳʤԻ֮硣

ӪأѰֱס
ͿӪ볡أһȹϹʮƸס
ȷʢޱȣɫζȫ
ˮǳ𣬷硣
ʱʯɡڤѶԡ
ѰʱɲеСӣǵôãУȷƣ
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ѰʱһҪʲô
ȰѾƺ˵ʯЦ˵
ٺ٣ȾƺȾơڤҲЦˡ
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Ѱһƾ֪ȲˣҲʹ죬ֱƣҲһƨھǰЦȾǰɣ㵽ף˭˭ӣ
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ûãѰͿһҡΣͨһſ˯ˣһЦ
Цҹɫɢ֣á



187 ط
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Ѱʱ͸оͷ۵ܣƹĺ֢
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ѰŸоһ񣬻ˬ
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Сһˮ߹ݸѰһıġ
ѰЦŲˮһ˵Сһģ
СһѰ˵УͻƽʱıȴܲѾͷ˵ˣ۳һƷط籩ۣ֮ǽĺõܵܣɵƯ
ǵѰգЦõޱȣ֪һµڰҺݺݳһڶЩΪ̲ļһ֪۳ʱһ˹һһһէģ
ѰЦСòָ˴˰ɣ
Сź̾ϢԭŴĵģЩһһϴεĶԼ˵ĻҸҶԶģ
ѰȻ
СȻʵʲôʱ뿪
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С쵰

Ӫоĵģտ徲ûյ֡
ѰţԼɽԽǰ׵۹Ŀġ
˿ɽʱ䲻¹

ҲΪ˱ȫԼߵĪ
С˵Ѱȷ̫Ųµ飬Ψ뿪Щ飡
֪ʱ߳ѰǰһָǵĽָԭ
ѰУʵ̹٣ʵǰ߱ѪӪΪˡ
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һԴӱеСһϽߣӿɲط
ǴԴ죬ŷ죬¶һɱ뺷ֺƣѩ
Ѱѩ˵ͷͿߣ̹٣һлշԺһĪģ
߲ÿɷֻóһͼԼɫεݸѰԺлϽǣ鷳ʱ򣬾ȥվӡѡ
Ѱ׼ƴǣ߲СҲԺѵټһĽ̹٣
ѰʱٳɣС֧Ρ
˵ȥɣúñأסʲôʱ򶼲Ҫ߱ѪӪǰһ仰
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Ѱ룬ֱѡ˳ʦʸƾ֤һöͭɫʻ£׭ʦı־һƬհס

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һȻģЦʦ̫ټ֪ȻٻȻôҲܱ֮٣⡣



194 ħ
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195 Ѱʦ
һ߽ܳʦ硣
ܳϼѧԺһѧȥͻ磬ϼѧԺҲ
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ԭܼ򵥣ѡ񣬿ɲǵȼԽԽãҪǷԼԼսȫӳ
ѡȼߵ󣬿ȴʱ򷴶ȫƿغͼԦսк档
˷õܳԽԽᣬ֪Ǹѡ˼нѡ˼Ͻ
ӣֻҪʱͻʦ磬ϸĦѡ
ϧҲһܳġ
˵·ݵĿаʱ䣬ܳȴһĨǣ񣬺һҪ뵽ʡԿ˵ߣԶܵԼ
ΪʡԿ˺ԡȫͬҪߵʡԣҪߵս
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ˡ
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ԭ˵һֱѰٳֵֻû룬Ҳ˴˵
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ܳıһʱȫԭ౨۵߶ò
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ӵд˵˴βʡԿˣ˳ͨ
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ܳ뿪ãЩûս߶ģ׷ѯ
ƴ˵һλʦ
ǰҼ˵׭һѰƱ־Īһλʦ
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Щѯʣոտʼ鱦ļ򲻵òԳ棬͵ʵ˵ȷɹһλʦƶɡ
˵꣬ͱһϣٷϻ˵λʦ䣬Ҫ񣬸ͬĴһѩս
һΪѣǸλѰʦոյִһȷǷ񡣡
Ѱʦ
ۣܣʦĪһλƴʦ
Ѱ಻סתѰʦ˭ȷ˵
ǧѷĻᣬܹƳһѩսʦɿѰ
ҺһĻһɵˣԺл㱼両ֳѰӰ
аԸпֲóҪܣǱЩ֪λѰʦֻһʮ꣬Ҳ֪θˡ
һ죬ʦе̶һʱͶϰٸÿһרŵҪáѰʦա
ͬʱйʦ硰ѰʦƳһѩսϢҲֶߣܿ촫ϼУһСĲ
˵ܳҲײسΪеһĿ


196 ʼϲ
ʦзһУѰ֪ҲΪ㣬о˴βС
֤˳ʦ֮Ժ׬Ǯͱ࣬Ϊ
ؼУԺ˯ѩеؾأ
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ѰЦŴӴָóһջ˹ȥ
ջС
ѩƳѰһۡ
УԺͲٶˣֻҪƺʦҼ۾С
ѰھͰѽʦеľѩ
˭룬ѩȻһЦڣǼ鼴СӣҲòһ䣬Ȼǩħ顯ضͼı󡣡
ѰͷԼҲµˣõջ񣬱ȻҪĴۣ
ѩѰףԴпƵ˵Ժͻ֪ѻģ飡
ƺʲô£ЩɺҡҡͷžƸ׵ڵϴ˯
ѰѩӰ˼Ƭ̣΢΢һЦת߽Լ䡣
¶ѧʣＴ£СʱѰ֪ν飬ںʱɽ㲻ںʱë硣
ԺĳһУһЩֵҪѰȻɵӦˡ
Ȼܼ飬ѰҲԼİⶼԺ飬ĿǰΪֹѰЩ

뷿䣬ѰһʱõȫīĺľƳһѩսһѪͭսìԼһԼսѥ
Զ˽ƷľƷҾѰƣѾȫͬԶ

ѰһΪҲֻһ
ٶΪ̡
Ѱʦܹڶ̶ʱƳûгһʧܣֱǸ漣
ʦҪ쵽һܣ
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˶Աȣ֪ѰһϵǺεֲ֮Ǳ̬
һΪ׸¹ϰһһҲΪ޵ʵ̫֮Ҳǿ֮Ϊʱṩǿ֧š
ҪԡͨŻһ˿زѰÿһ֤ĳɹʣʧܹ
˼ǣѰƳҲԵ
һۺѰһչֳһֳֶΡ
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Ѱܹ뵽ʡԿеߣһǾɸѡǧɱ
ŵ˵ʸ뵽ʡԿУѾ֤Щ߸Ѱɱȡ
£ѰԼţҲһ˿⡣
ҹ֮Ѱڴȴû˯⣬˼ԼҪ顣
ڸԿ֮ǰΪԼһװ˲̶ȵս
⣬ҪѼһЩ˴ʡԿ˵鱨һ²еս֪֪ˡ
֮ҪΪս磬յһգԼǿͲ㡭
ô˼ţдȷŬ֮Ѱų˯ȥ

һ磬Ѱ뿪
ͨ˴Ŀֵˮ֯
ء
һصĺХӰд
Ѱ̧ͷͿһ糤ʮ˽ڳġ󳵡ͨ帲Ѥ⣬гԶʻȥ
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ĳƣ¯ΪԴ龧ΪԭϣڰУֹٶȿ죬Ҽȵȫ
һ󳵣ǧˣܹڵײߺͨ˳С
ȻҪ󳵣ҪɽǮġ
ʦ֮һΪֶΣзܹߵ󣬶Ҳ˹㷺Ӱ졣
񡰴Ļ󳵡ַ俴ƶûʲôôɶԵ۹ԣɲ˾޴ӰƽͿǿʷȺӵĴ٣
ѰĿһ뿪Ҳпʦ۹ãǲɹģҲʦλݻ˳ߵҪԭ֮һ
ûãѰʦ硣
һţͱŮȸϳһʱӭӴ
һѯʣѰ֪ǳİţҲ̹Ȼ֮ʵ۵һѩսȥ
ȸĿɿһɨܣѰӣﲻ˵ĵط㡣
ѰһбҪصģ
ܿ죬ԼˣΪ鱦ʱ򣬾ͿӰǣţԵ֮
۵Ļ⣬Ȼѩսйأ
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ǰҲ֪λѰʦǺηʥ˵ϼѧԺܳСӼһˣֻһǧҾһƾ޶صѩսʵۡ
٣һǧ򰡣ܱܳ
Щ޲ΧšѰʦѩսչԵ֮
ѰĻ᲻ףԼռ۵һѩսֹȥˣһǧҵĸ߼ۣ
ҿΪѵԼˡѰʦĳƺţϼǲߵע⡣
ɾѰʼϲġ
ǣҲѰʦģȰˣ̫࣬㻹ǸϽ뿪߰ɡ
ѰӰ鱦ʱһӶʱü˵ȻΪѰĵֶһ֡
Ŷлѡ
ѰЦԷǣҡͷǰȥ
һߣ
Ӽˣ˵֪ԼߵľǡѰʦҲ֪лθ롣
Ѱʱֲһ۵Ŀͬܶ࣬ұ鱦Ǳ߸֡
ҷһѰʦƷֻҪð⣬Ǯ⣡
ģǻôһָҪѰʦļһⶼٸˣ
㿴췢һɫѰʦģ֪Ŷˣ
ЩѰɫһӱ΢΢ЩŹֱʦ㣬ȸһ׵ŵķУ̲סʵȸô
ȸڣһˬЦʹ⴫⣬ȸûش㡣
˵ţƲ޼þƯһϮµĳʩʩȻ˽һŷģ


197 
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һʼѰʱùžƽɫרע棬˶ˮ硣
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̫ˣ
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Ŀⶼ뿴ǸѰʦѡġ˶¶Ľͼ֮ɫ



198 ȵ
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ģһο˹ʺˣ
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⼫ؼʦҲǻʧܵܳʱ׼á
ݡ
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ݣЩˣѰʦĳ裬ʧӦò̫ߡ
ôһ˵Щ̤ʵǺԽǶǿʱʧʾͻԽߡ
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ֹѵЦʵѿʼ㣬׼ģָøٴۡ
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鴫˵

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ˣ

죬ѰƵһѩսһѪͭսìһԼսѥֱ1300ҡ1600Լ1000ҵۣȫ
Ϣһ籩ܿ촫뵽ϼУٶһȻ
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ΣʦλͻȻֵġѰʦͬһŻϼϿյǰ㣬̶ھ̫Ŀע⣬Ϊһɫʵ

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ѩϻֲӣ֪ܲ£֪һĴͻúΣգ
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ѰɫҲ档
ѩ⣬Ƕ⣬һЩϣֻĴ鷳
Ѱڣѩ˵ָʦ磬Ҫĵϸкܶ෽סԶҪϣڱϡ
ѰĬƬ̣ʵϽҸô죿
ѩȻٺЦָֻһģһָͷ˻Ρ
Ѱһջƣɽ
ѩҡͷԣÿһջơ
ѰҲá
ѩ˸飬Ͳòˡ
˵Ѿǽǣƹ˯
ѰʱһЦ֪ѩڻǾˣ



199 ƽ˾
ص䣬Ѱʼջ
һƷС䡱ڿռװһɴɽ˱ӵϴ꣬á
Ѱϸһȷ˽вûбֽţŷģƷŲ˽ȥ
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һ֮׬ȡ54öңѾһʼ룬൱5400ҡ
󣬾10ʦĻˣѰ˽һ֣ܶöң֮ߡ
ȻѰɲֽǮô˻ֿʦһװĵȱֻʦܵȨ
һУѰһʼ
ʦ׬ǮĿΪ˸õάϵ裬ѰɲΪ׬Ǯ᱾ĩ
ٹʮ죬ʡԿ˾ͽʼѰôʱ䣬úôһΪ

Ѱͬʱʦ㣬һУ羲ϥС
ʦ˶һǳһ˵Ľأ֮⣬׼κ̤С
Ȼʱڳ棬ȴϥһݵӰ
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һĿᶨȻƾǺʣԺԿƽƣҡϣΪܹһķ
˵⣬Ŀ⿴Ů¶һĨϧ֮ɫʱǱϣˣҲٲֻܶںڰˡ
ƺҲЩͿɬһЦ磬ʱֻ¾ͱˣȷ𣿡
ĬƬ̣ȷΣΨһĻˣٲץסԺ󡭡ǵĴֻԽԽΣա
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࣬㲻ЩһжҿΪһĴʱ¶ԣֻǾ֮Ͱˡ
ЦŰԷ
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һͳ𣺡࣬úЪϢȥ¡
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߳ҵһɲǣʱָŷģͶ¶ݷŵɡ
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ڵȺһ͵ߣһ׳꣬Լһ欣ɵŮˡ
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ʦԣԴӡѰʦ֮󣬽ʱÿ춼дĽõʦޱȡ
źǣѰÿֻ񣬲һɫ˼Ʒõ̾Ϣʧѡ
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һѰˣѩڰжˣԼ࿴ĿţԼ˷ƽ˾
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200 ϼѧԺ
ѰΪ켴ʼʡԿ˱׼ʦУϵĻ㱨
ڰ׷λʮ죬ȴǸǶһ١ϵЩɬ
ԱߵõɫҲΪ
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ϵ͸һĨأһλǿȥԼԶԶˣҪġ
ʱ𾪣ǼΪϵ˵ʵϵֻһѰͷӵ麣Ϊ
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ϵȴ˵Ѱ߻һλֲĸϵ񶼸еɵ֣̫˼ˡ
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ʮǰ̹ɳһλ麣ǿߣҪλӣȴڰ;˻ԣͻر̹ʱͬһѪ飬д֮ҲԺ
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һ磬Ѱ;ӵ߳䣬ѩһкŶ

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ǰʡԿˣܹͨһǵһҲֻˣʸ뵽ԿУʡһȸߵ͡
ǺǣÿһʡԿ˿ĿĴ£Ҳ֪˴εʡԿУӿֳҫ֮
Ѱ⣬ҲЩԾһʡԿˣгǧ߲⾺ɾ̫ˡ
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˲ɸѡܹ뵽ʡԿеȻһ˿ɱȡ
ǧϸѡߣһһٸ֪Ǻ֮пᡣ
ѰȻ߱ѪӪеһͬÿ춼սʧ߻ᱻ̭Ψʤ߲
֮ȣʡԿҲѶãֻĶ֣߱ѪӪеѧԱ۹ʡμһȺߣ
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ء
ûãͣϼѧԺˡ
ѰȺ󳵣һ۾ͿһƬϵĽȺԶһĬɽռؼ
ڽȺǰһΰ㳡ʱѻӰŮһЩѵһĿŮ֮¹ճһķ羰ߡ
ϼѧԺ۹ʡдΪƾãҲΪۺһѧԺ
ǧѧԺҫţеĳΪµĴҲеĳΪһ뢡
˵ʡ󶼶ԼܹĴʿҦغϼѧԺС
˴ʡԿ˵ıص㣬ͱϼѧԺ



201 ֮
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С㣬Ůϼһҫ۵飬ô˳Ϊѣ


202 һķ
ΧȻɻɫû̽ⲽǰа죬һտش
˵ôǿλѣ
˶ʱΣǽԶǳӵܣȻƲԳƶļһ
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зһĨЩһղŻŵھȣһӵԽԸ͡
ǺѰһȣǵȷһȺһõ


204 粨ֹ
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Ŷ;˵ͷʡԿ˿ʼʱҿɾҪʶʶˡ
ΤЦȻ˴δ󶼶Ϊ٣ҽΪ֤ˣƾ˵ԴѡγĶ

ѰʡԿ˻ûʼѾܵϼѧԺԺΤִ߶Ŷ;Ĺע
ʱųǰƾֽ֤ʮҵķãȡһŲμʡԿ˵ơ
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ѰһϳŮȻɺҦأ


205 
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Ϊ˱һдӲиеʱ䶼ʵϡ
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һʡԿ˱ڰʱͽ칲а˰߲뱨
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Ҳһ죬йԬүԬ̹ܸһѰϢֶߣϼǣȻ
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һЩϢͨߣҲע⵽һУ겻ѣһܹԬǿߣѵҪ

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212 
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ݺö
ؼ䱩кþӦ
ȴƺģǣͫһֱǱߣӲģƬѾҿԸһսᣬ㲻ϧҾֻܡ
˵꣬ԶֵķϣȻһЦ̸Ҳ䣿
ɺĴһ¶һĨҰ԰Цݣѣ㱩¶Ӵ
ৣ
һ˲ӰһӰһֲ˼ٶȳǱ߳ȥ
ڰ;ͫȻţ·𿴵ʲôɲޱȵ飬һ޵Ȼá
ৣ
ͼӰһĿĽǶȺݺһŤڰһԾӰȻθߣȥ
ɾͬʱһðģʸϢӹȶ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ͼϳӰ͵һģеĴ㣬·׹䡣
ùһ𣬺Ȼѣʲôù죡
ƾɱľ飬ùһ˲ͻָ侲Ӱ׹䣬ھȻһֻԾ˸㣬һܡ
Է̫죬Ϣ˷ʤҲ
Сġ
¸ֵһ£ϾһɬӲĴ
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Сģ
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͵һٶܣѹ˲ô࣬µ֮Ա
ͬʱһȡĴɱԭԼԤĻҪһЩ
һ˵ʵԶڵʯ֮䣬ޱȣ¶ЩϰߣЩĴɱжӦֽźյķΧ
ֻüǣڽʱУû
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һֱһִдɱжĬʮ㣬ƾڻù»˲Σ
Σͬǻڰаһæ
ֻǺͬǣһλԼ֮󣬲ûʧһ㣬ùеһ˿ס
͵ء
ԶһҽС
ɫ䣬ǻ
ৣ
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ҪأһߵиڣȴһѪ
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¶һĨݣסһңСӵȥˡ
͸ޱȵĺ⡣
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»Ҫ˵ʲôҧ£һΣεĶּƻᣬȥˣ۲ѩϴ󡣡
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ȻԶıУһС椣ĺˣɾĵĻҲûˡ
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218 һȭ֮
Уһ۾ߴӰ
ֻòü¶ŵʯӲлһ޴ľƸף죬һƹƵġ
Ȼʱ˿̣ʱȴһɽ֮䣬һ˵Ϣ챩кȴҿ֣
ˣȻѩ
ºͻĪһܵһѹȣ·Ρɽ
Ĵ̿ͣǲӦиġ
ѩĿһɨˣ֪ʲô̾˿߰ɣȥһˣǷ񻹼ǵáɽĺѪ
ºͻƬ̣һҧҴҶȥ
ѩĿ뿪ǺȻһĨɹЦžƸ׾ڱп
飡
ƾ顣
ѩ𳤳һĿٿȻңңԶ
һɲУȻһĨ˵ĵâһӿ
ͬʱǼԶĺڰУȻһһ޳Ӱⲽգۼ䣬ѿ
ֻɫ䳤ۣ룬һɷǵģͶ֮䣬Ϣ·ӣĿ⿴ƵȻɲһɨ¶ļµ
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Ԩڰ֮⣬һңң
ؼı꣬类һ޷ⷽԲ
ѩɹȻһЦ˭ҪҪҦغݣȴȻҪڽһС֣ʵ⡣
ɷǰӣҦغ
ѰڴˣһĻҲ֪лθ롣
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ҵģҦغ̽
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ҦغͫһѰģ
ѩͷӦǰɡ
ԣҦغһû뵽Ѱ߾һλȫѷɫڶ쾳ǿ߱
ҦغһȻˣҵǺܺ棬㾿ܱܲ˴ӡ
ΪһλʡԺʹ󶼶ȼĴʿҦغȻᱻһ仰ס
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Ҧغɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱӿһĿҫ۵ɫϼ⣬ֱ񷣬õ˲¡
ˡ
ͬʱָۣһӡâܣҫƥݺĴ
һɲǱȻ۾üһĨɫ
ϼѧԺԶԺΤ桢ִ߶Ŷ;ԶУͣжĿңңͬһ
¥ϥԸٵָ꣬һһײɣȴƻȻü˴Զ
֮ҹж쾳ǿϼս
ͷΤ桢Ŷ;УõԾѡ
սж쾳ǿ߲
ֻǵͼٸ֪ʲôʱȴûκһ˿֣·ղֻǴʲôҲûз
вһɡ

ͬʱ֮ϣ¡һ죬ɲĿĹϼķ籩Ȼɢ
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һܵĽı
һͷŵ뷽Բ֮صһн顢ȫ븲У
¡
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ǰһȭâأԳѹȵݣһѹ޿ƥеĿֲơ
⻹ѩղŴһȭһ촷Ҧغӡѹȵĵˣ
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¡¡
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һգҦغûֵܵסһȭӲǰ˶ʱɽѹݺݵɳȥڿѪֹ
ɫѱɷףͫд˾ɫû˸ղУɷǵģԵΪǱ

Ҳڴʱѩ𴽽ǷһĨЦݣ˫һ
ʱ֮䣬֮ĿԶĨָԭģк£·ղʲôҲûзһ
һĻƻΪ棬˼飡
ҦغһĻ԰׵ɫòԶѩĿҲһĨļɵ
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ѩ仰ת󲽶ȥ۾ӰܿʧããĻС
Ҧغһ仰ʲô˼
Щ׼г˼ãתȥ
̫ͻأҦغҲһĨ壬ðȻٶ

ڴʱһƫƧõĽѰſһͰķӰУϢƾˮˢһûʯͷ㡣
˿ɫԲ԰ףĴ룬Ϊصǣ֮һĿĵѪֻһͻᱻ࣡
¥Ĵ̿Ͳѩ
֮ǰԸºͻʱѰƾе鹭ӲƵù²òӶݣѰԱ
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ֻѰû뵽ͬʱҲһĲѩͬʱ֣Ѱܲش
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ΣգȥȵµıȻ˵Ѱ
ʶѰԥѡ˷
ѩ˭ȴһڼżµ裬֮з綼Ҫǿһ
ֶ֣ѲΣյġ
ãѰӵ鹭߱ѪӪѵһʱ䣬ҲȫѷɫĴɱǱ֮
ǾⱩҹĻУѰͲѩ֮ϢչһԵĴɱж



219 Ŀ
ѰӰʯûϢڣ̻ľת
أҲľ޴֮ǰʱ̷һƿ˿ŹתӴҩҲڲϱȱʧ
ֻܽȼü֮ؼؿһѪɵ̫أһʱܹ޸ġ
ʶ˿̶ѰԣʱϵԽþԽΣա
ƫƫأ˴εĶһλĴ̿ͣҪɱˣƴľĺ
ѰѸûʱȥ֮

͵أѰһȻϸ΢Ķȴ¶һ˿
䣡
ͬʱԶڰУȻһѩļʸݺݳ
ɲļХƿǡ
ͼѰӰһΣٿȻԶȥԭڵܣһѻΪ顣
ǣȻһǧŰɵľ롣
ѰԺһ׼жϣӰ˿ûͣ٣ڱҹĻ˸ǰС
ζֵսصԣһ֣
Ǳ٣ǳٶȺһֳѰȶʼն¶һ˿
ɣֵ˶ҲµģֻҪһ˿ĲͻᱻԷץסᣬĴ
ղһѰʱȷֿ϶һᱣһǧŰɵĳ룡
Ȼ뷶ΧڣȫöַӳĴֶΡ
ûˣѰܹ֮һ˭Ĵɱ֮ҲֻܲӶݣȻѰѵĳֻᡣ
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֮ѰԣҪɱֵĻᣬֻʣһΣ
ʧܣͳʧȥ˷

ѰܵͬʱһӰҲҹĻвǰУӰһ̣ڽ֮䴩Ϣ翣ٶȻ죬ȴһֺ㶨ɶ
˾ǲѩһλ¥Ķ⼶̿ͣӵǿΪ
ѩΪ¥ƴ̿ͣΪִеĴɱ񻹲ʧֹһΣ
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һ֧֧ʸͨī֮ɫֳҶӰ״һѩâǶһſϸСǳ֮
ٹΪѩ鹭һ˼һλƴʦƣһϡıʷ
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ѾǵĴγ֣ȴȻûɱԷòѩҲһĨء
֣ͨѩѾʶѰȷܲѰһ·׷ɱѰǱòܣʼȴûһ˿
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һ̿ͱӵеĻء
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ৣ
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ԲõյֶΣΪû˭ðϢ¶յУûʲô

ɲǼ䣬ѩϣһ֧צȻһѩ磬ĻҹɫʳĿĹ⡣

Ѱȷ⣬⧲
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ʶأҪܣɽٶⷢУͻȻһĹ󣬻һԲ壬лȼա
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ʱ򣬿Ƿʱ
һǧŰ֮⣬ѩѴʰˣϾһ֮£Ѱһ˿Ļᡣ
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ԲѩӲʯľ˿̶һĨͫţһģ
ʷ̫죬ɣǲڸԼЦ
ڲѩ㱵һɲһɼΣյϢȻȫõһɫ䣬вã


220 ֮
ΣյһɲѩѡԾȣ˫ֽͷ­ǰ
飡
һϢϮֱӽ۶֮ƿһѪ
Ѫ䣬ѩһƺߣӰĵأһľʹӿȫǰһڣʹȥ
ѩ͵ؼٴϢһֻ֧һ룬ͻᴩԼҪʱס罬
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ѩ˵ǸһǷŭһڱУɫ˵ĸӡ
Щִʱһʧ֣
һǰһ˵У
ѩȴûвʲôǿҵĳУΪһԼܻѾǽҡ
Ѱһסġ
ãѩһǿŻľʹתȥ
ֱʱҲûףղͻȻֵһС﾿ʲôȻһھͽԼǿһ̵


кѰǱУУ౲ϷĽ
ѰǷһĨЦԼŲסˣСиͣûûΡ
ѰȷŲסˡ
ղһѾڽʣֻƾӲӱ
ˣĻʹ˷Źѩһ
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һսջѰҲ⣬ʮɳߣܵش룬ԼסһѾϺܲ
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սӿʼʱѰһжԼսʱı֣ѾȫѩС
˵ʵѰչֳսǿķȫѩԭԤ
ΪѰֵܹսеһʱʱѾ㲻ˣɽʾְѰԼһҲԽЩ鷳
ȻǰǲҦغȲεǿߡ
ˣһԣܹ쵽һѾǾޱȣ
ѩ֪ĵ۹ǿУܹΪȫѹѰһȴҲһܹѰ㣬һ˾һûʤս
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Ѱ̲ס˸ۣѾɱˣսƺҲˣʣµͽ㴦ˡ
˵仰۾һգ͵ʱ˹ȥ
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Ѱǲ԰忡ӣԼŵĴǹճһĨݻȣѩĬƬ̣ĿзһĨ֮ɫ̾ˣҾٰһæ
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Ѱһ³ײˣԾ츳


223 ҹ֮
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Ѱ󱧷ŵһٶӳ˼ЧͼһĴ룬ʱɫԹЮ˲Ϣȼհ㣬ڻ



233 ʺ
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ô˵ʱǸСŮǱһʿ׷ɱ
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ȴƺ׽мֵϢͫȻһĨâһǰؾӵΪٶȿЩ˼顣
лһҲʶЩԾѵԼµӣһѵһţ
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234 
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ֻѰȴû뵽Լʱ򣬺λ绪ĴŮʵѰϡ



235 ֮Ե
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ʱŰһСӵʶࡣ
ҲЦˣЦĻǺãͰˡ
£Ѱǡ
ֻҧҧӣȻӣǡǲ⣬ܲҲһĦһ޸̣
У
źѰͬ˶һжԱ˴˵ıֺ⡣
ѰǵıʶơѰʦݡ
ǵ̵İΣһѰСӹô죿
һ·ԣ̶ʱʧ̾һʧģͬҲϧ
ʲôоˣ
ˡ



236 ̸Ц
Ǳ̣뿪СͥԺ󣬷ŶʱߵСһȰñҼС㶯ʲô˼һĲ㣡
Ѱʱ˵ţģ˲ңαҪһ٣
һӦ˵Ĳ£
ѰȻòΪһϲ̶ɣ
ϰĽҼС˶ǣһҲûʲôȰһ䣬Ϊƾܹ޸ֶΣͿԴҼС⣬ǿɾʹشˡ
Ѱһ̫̾ſǵһˣһǣ̣ʱһӵĸϻһʵ
סˡ
Ѱٶ˵ʲô
绪˵ԼΪĽ޲ռǿɾ̫СѰˡ
ߣ׾ͺãЩ۹֪жҪȡ̶ķģսԶ飬ЩпɲλΪԶԶҪ콾Ƕûʸ쵽һţҲӦú̶֮Ĳ࣬˾;Բɳ顣
˵ѴһĨȻ
һѰʱЩɫţֻΪ޸ɲǺ̶̽ĻģΪֵΣһɢ͵ղŵûзɺã
һУѰȴѰɫ̹Ȼ
գһ㲻ٶԡ
ѰҲٷܣѿΪǿٸߣû޸֮ǰҲԼô
Ѱֱӵţ޸ҪһЩϼ亱ģһӣܹ׼ȫҲʦ𾡿쿪ʼ޸
˵ţѰֽʣˢˢˢдһ֣˹ȥ
ɨһۣʱһǾþĥľ˿̶һĨŭСӣθδ̫˰ɣҲ°Լ
嵥еİɣѩǡڤƲݡˮת
ÿһϼϡģֵˣһЩϸѰٲ䱦
ڤƲݣֻڼຮ֮أ亱ܹѰٵʵֲػҪߢģҪһλ쾳ʿ
һ嵥ϣڤƲһϡľʮ֣
£˭òɣѰǲڹѣʨӴ󿪿ڡ
Ͼһ嵥ϵļֵһ𣬾һۣ
Ѱɫ̹ȻĪΪֽʧǺ׾ܹ޸ģ
Ŀ˸˵ʵЩĻֵˣƾֶΣֻ軨һЩѪҲѼȫˡ
ֻǣһ뵽ΪѼЩҪͲƸžһۡ
գһĿһ˵ɫãӦ㣬Щб˽ңһĲ㣡
ѰͷȻ
˵ţһתЦȻĵˣǾ͸˵һ˵޸ıˣϾʦ޸ҲҪķѼľʱ䣬Ҳ˼Ұæһ
ɫʱˣꣿôĻСӾȻôߣҪҪ꣡
ֱ̫
ޱŶ˵˵Ҫٱꡣ
Ѱ̰ᣬһЩǿӲֶöԷ֪һʲôʶʱΪܡ
ѰҪʦӦõıꡣ
ʱѰڸԼƤŭҪƲסŭ
ݣ¾ЩϲŷеĴԼҲǰСӵãȫһ޼ɵթԼģֱ÷Ŷˡ
ǰԼС̫ں۵С쵰ˡ
˭룬ѰĻȴ÷һ
ֻһɫȻڱ꣬뷨ǰͺãʦȥ֪ͣǰΣ
ŵȷסˣû뵽ѰؽϾȻþգߵû˼ƽϱٵ⣬ֱӱһɡ
˵ɫȴǻ˲١
ѰͷȻˣǾһΣ
һң
ŵɴ۾ԭΪѰǼþգ˭룬ԭԼϵˣΪİϷһӣԼأ
ź޵ҧ飬С쵰ȻԼֱ޷ˣ
ȴѰǰɫЩÿĪӱ̫ˣ˵ⱨѾܵˣǻʦԳ棬һҸͲС
һɱ˵ĳ嶯ˣĿ絶ƵĶѰãһһǰɣãӦ㣡
УѾݣȹ޺֮ȥСӺúһʣ
ѰȴƻȻ㣬ЦŹȻˬˣҲ
ƤЦݲЦСҲܲϴô꣬ǵһӡ̵ˡ
˵ӡʱֱмһ
ѰЦеεºܣǰޡ
øѰֱӵȥɣĺͱʦ硣
Ѱֵ͸ˡ
˵գתȥ
û˷֣ѷһ亹ղƺͷ̸ЦһɴģΨԼԷɢѹõеһֽϢС
ãնԷûж֡
ղŵһĻĻѰҲޱȣ̫СԼҲԼֶΣԼˡ
ȻΪҲûʲô𣬱Ͼʵ̫ɲ⣬һŭԷһж֣Ѱضꡣ
ѰʮնԷôܹ޸ӦûмܹѰͰ쵽һֻ¸٣ԷŶ̵۰̶ȻϸԼȥ
£Ѱղе嵥ԼҪıĿһ㶼ûпʨӴ󿪿ڶ֡
ȻһѰǾԲϵģ뿴һҲѣϾм˶ù޸֮
ͽһʳԱ졣
ֻǣѰ뿪ûȻŵСӣղŷϵ˻ƽ۵ΪֻҪͷҪһЩ
ѣһֻ
ѰһͷҲصţ޸֮ǰ϶ῴһЩɣ
˵ţЦǰȥ
󣬷ɫһͣòòѹеŭС쵰ֱ̫ɺˣȻҪԼȥƨɣ
εǣΪ˱̶֤СĹ˳޸ȷ޷ѰһЩʲô⡭
Сӣ̫磬ԺţѰнԶӰֱҧ



237 ·׻
ĿѰ뿪źȻʲôתȥ
ȻȿžһЩ̸۵ĺȻǸζԸѰΪǱϵΪĻƽ۱
һգ߽˴ʱôеȥ
˶֣ƺãһղŷŴѰ뿪ַ֮ʲô¡
ûЩĿ⣬ֱӵѰСдô˭ɱˡ
Įвζʮ㡣
ЩŷӵܽԶüΪʡ
㡢ԬһϼǺӵһǱΪѰϵƽ۵ѵڳ׿Щŷӵܣؽͷ
ȴû뵽ת۹򣬷žվѰ˴£
Ҳ̫˼飬ѰʲôҪã÷˱̬
ţٵΪǱǼһַˣѵ¾ôˣ
һŷӵܳڡ
ѰС֮ǰֻˡ
仰Ѱζˣò˶ԼƷƳһЩͬζ
ҲڴʱСлڿڣţǷֻҪ֤ӲͿˣ
һ仰ڳĿⶼ˷š
ųĬƬ̣ãһˡ
˵ţת뿪
뿪ȴΨ˳֣̲סʵţ̶С졭
һʶʲôڵŶǶɢ˰ɣСҪ£ǸҲá
ʱ˶ʧǴɶǰݷ̵ģãȴõһҲΪơ
ģѰСӺģ
˱Թʱ˲˵ķŭ
С̫ĻΪϣĿܷô飿
̶СҲΣˣ飬ĿܰǸﲻܣ
ȵŰɣžл˵ЩʲôΣǶ޷׾ƹѰСӵģ
۷׷ףѰֶһҧгݵģ
һսľǿɲپһԹˣǹûٵʹҴҸ뿪
ֻǽշ飬õǶʶбҪеĳ˵һˣѰܲ򵥣ֺЩŷӵܽԹǱø峤һȻ±Լ̬ȡ
ǸվŷӵǱߣվѰߣѡ
̬Ⱥܹؼһٷ飬עֺ߲ã߶ֺɲܹܵġ

Ѱûֱӷؼңʦ磬˵һѽó粻ٵǡ
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Ѱ룬˵ֻ޸һصǡҿ԰쵽һǾʹӦ
죺ǷŵСĪһλޣ
Ѱ̾ϸȻ˼磬һ仰³˴š
ˣ˭
ѰڵӦҲ˵Ǹ۹̡
һ¶һĨĿܼ֮ɫȻС㣬죡ȻǰϼˣҿʵӵϽһˮСϸҳױסһ֪Ͼĸ
˵⣬ĿȵؿѰϵܣļˣ˵һЩʲô
Ѱסʵ޷ΪϼʦĴ£Ϊһ߽ʦȻΪһֻ̱ģ
ѵô
Ѱаֹȴ˵Ҳûʲô̸ֻһЩ޸顣
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Ѱʱ˸ۣŤͷߣû˾Ȼһ˳ԡ
Ѱɲ֪绹ģ۹вһЩͷĴҲƳޱȣ˻Ϊ˼һ棬ɳٻƷ顣
˵ѰΪ粻ڳУ۰ݼ̻˲һµѰŽв

Ѱؼ֮󣬵һ¾ҵѩһջƣ˹ȥɶлˡ
ѩСӷˣ
ѰЦеΪҲ֪һֱڰУѴеһж˸һԲԣ
ѩȻ˵ģҿɲϸɹϲ̨顣˵Сӵģ֪ӻһ׾ơ
˵ţѾƸʹ
Ѱշڴе飬üϽ˵ҷϵһŷӵܵΪ»صĺ
ѩĵؿѰһۣˣȴʼĺˣ
ѰЦ֪ڣҿ϶ôȥһͷڹ꣬Ժˡ
ѩȻʱСӿôѪһ£ܵˣһΪƾԸûɱ϶ء
ѰЦеϽϵʱҲڳˣ˵ˣԭûɱƽۣϵΪɱɱʹࡣ
ѩƤһСӿ湻ݵģлõʱһɱô죿
Ѱʣῴɱң
ѩʱûѰһۣ𣬵ͨʡԿˣӵɾ͵ˣʱ㻹ָ˭㣿
ѰȻһʱһʱҷֵҸղ˵ڣ¾ܵٴ裬ҲסԼСЦ
ѩˣʱٶԣʵѸпǧѰȷ˲һһпõҲʱƣ·ԣֻҪܻţ޳ҲãҲãʲôɵó
Ժɳֻ˭Ҳ޷ȷһʲôˡ
ӹɣ˭ɱѰֻ¶ô׵ġ
޸飬֪ѰΪ˳Ӳթ˷һʾ޶ƸԷֻʱѩ̲סЦ
ȻҲн죬ʹ죬ʵʹ죡
ѩЦᶼ
ѰЦпѩͻȻϵ÷ţ
ѩһ㶣ʱЦ֪벻ϾͲˣ̾ϢСӵ·ͦһʼ̸ҵĻĪ浱Ҳ֪
ѰͣԹ˵ţߣʶ˶ӡһɫ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪Ҫ㶯֣ҿ϶ѡԹۣû취סֱ˰˱ùûʲô𡭡
ԽѰоԽ̤ʵһĨõԤУԼɰѷŵˣѩԣǡ
ѰݺҡҡͷȥҰοָˣӦòԼһС̫ƽϡ



238 ж
ѩϷƵĿѰһСรģѰһë
ãѩ̸£зӰͷϵһƽҲ㲻ʲô£ЩŷУȱľǺӵܣԺףΪŷӵܣʵҲùΪȨֵֵɱóɳʤ
˶٣ƽۣеߣҲֱϵӵܣɱֻҪ˳ͷԴ»СС»ˡ
Ѱ˵ͷҲ˵ԽӴŷڲԽпᣬΪ˶ȡԴӵ֮໥ɱ鲢ټ
˵㻹ǵһЩΪãЩŷӵܶԣ̫ȴϵһͬ飬ɲܹ׻ġ
ѩһ䡣
ѰЦʲôݲ޷ЩһΪάνϺӰˣҲģҲٶɱһЩˣ
ѩŶһÿɷ
ʵǺѰֺݾģʲôŷӵܣǼɱ
ȻѰһת޸֮ǰȻұɱ㹻ˡ
ѩٺЦҵǺˣ㾿ʲôʱܹ޸
ѰЦеɾ˵׼ˡ
ѩ̲סЦĴָǸӵıǹʹҲòĵǡ
Ѱһ𣿡
ѩͷװˣѵΪҲ֪СôģҶʡԿ֮ǰ㶼޸ˣ
ѰЦԼȥ˵ģҿɴûгϹ
ѩߣСǵ˼һƨɣӾ֪ʲôʺ
ף
Ѱ˸ۣһԼš

ͬʱһСԺУһЦö顣
Цü۾һû뵽û뵽λѰӣȻôթһͷһμ̫Ȥˡ
̵ȷû뵽ѰȻ˽թѷſӵöòˣ̫ˡ
ӴһӵܣҪô棬ҪôţҪôǫѷ޲콾Ĵڡ
Ψ˴Ѱ忡㣬޺һˣ˭ȴ˼黫ܹ÷Ŷһƿɲһܹ쵽ġ
ܿ죬ɫЩѿ̶ʱֹסЦͷţίˡ
ŵǲίСӸƵͷϣòһѵֻ»ʵ
̲סЦˣ٩ԣ͵øһͷԣʵ̫ˡ
ŵһۣɲǿЦСҪģСӼ黫ĺܣһͷԣɲôʵذѹ޸á
һǶѴӦô
̾˿С㣬ɿСˣ϶޺ֻʱܻЩ
ɻˣΪΣ
Цܼ򵥣СҲķϳ˻ƽ۵Ϊ֮˻鷳ֻҪû޸ùȻСӵļթ̶ȣȻһ㣬䵱ıɡСãܿ޸𣿡
ȻҲѰԱֶΣϾֺЩŷӵܲһҪ鷳Ҳְֻܲ취ˡ
ŶʱС㣬ôʼСˣǿɲŸռһ棬ѵ͡
һ죬ţ֮飬ôӡ
ŶһҾͷˡ
̺ţѰӳԿͷ
жʱһĨ⣬С;˻СһѵܿȥҲⱻһΣǿȥ͵ʵȰСĹ޺ˣ
̵ǵţɲѰ̫ѿ棬ܹǲõġ
Ŵǳһ£Сģ벻С

ԼУѰЦݣоǳ˼֮ɫ
췢ֻ̫࣬ϸһ۵Ļ޷Ǿ£һǷϵƽ֮󣬿ܻԼӰ죬ǰ޸
ڵ
أѰָԼʺСлãǵԼʺǰһ
ССϣ̫ػԼɱ֮
仰лõĸ룬һָ߸ϵĮӣһֹͷųĲм
ԳĬãѰһѻָƽ૵һ죬һҲζġ
ౡ
ʱһ󲨶ų˳ԲѰǰ
Ѱһãǿʼɻˡ
˵ţ׼õġīһһóȻǰ
ϵԽԽ࣬Ѱòץʱ䣬Լһѳֵս
ӵǽౣͽзҪã
˵ţѰóһ¯߳䡣
¯һƷһ¯¯רΪսĲ׼

Ѱ׼õϤ㵹¯ڣȻһ౵СƨɣЩⶼˡ
һȻѰ˵ʲô
ѰֱֻȻţָ˰죬׹Сһһ˷ܣ쳯¯һŽӲӵ𣬻ԼһſǳƵĹתɷ
ǽһλ켶ĺ
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ɵƯ
Ѱһ䣬Сһ˻ˣ¯˼ǽ𣬶ʱһɫ¯ڶõøͬȼ˸
ѰһæֹౣҪż򲻱̫ߣ¶һҪסһ
߶߶˵һͨҲܲ
ѩѱ˹˲Ȼʹ㿪ʼսˣ
Ѱ˵ͷʲôϽ𣬰æһܰһ¯ĸˡ
ѩȻĶЩ⣿
ѰڵսĲʣܼ򵥣Ͷ¯ըС
˵գתҴҽݣҪ׼īս֮󣬾׭ͼ
ѩͻȻ֣˿̵Ѱһˣüһ˵רע֮ɫһϣƿһеףš
ԭСӻһ桭
ѩһѰԺԼսװ飬ƽġ



239 
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ںܶǰѰ˵£ΪѰרһЩйսĹʡ
Ϊһս鼫ḻǿߣѩһսȻʤֻȴѰ΢ĩϸСⶼҪԼôҪһս
ʱž¯ڲڸɫѤâڶģרĿŻౣѩˡ
ԼܹоһѰƵսֻºԼսȫһ
˵ѰУпܵһֵ۹ǰδеս
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ʱƣ¯Ϸڣ糱ˮϯĺĿĻ籡ҫƥ
һĴʱѿʼڻɫࡢݱסˮ̡ϵȸͷõҺ壬Ĳ
ѩͷһĿĵḶ́λõһĻҲһ
ʦֶΣ
Ϊ棬񹤣֮컯ԭƲ۵ĸɫģȻֳһζ

ÿһʱ䣬౾ͻᳯ¯һǽСһ˵ǵһ£Ѿܹƿػƿ£¯ڵ¶ȣһѵ״̬
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ʦӵͼ¶ȣƷԽߵ𣬾Խƿأʦ˼ĸ
켶ҪλʦһϣȫԦӳá
౶ԣͲ鷳ǽֿƺ켶𣬾һ֣ȫԱƿء
ԱȣһӾͳг౵ĸ֮ˡ
ѩ룬Ǳ۹ԺЩϼһ֪౵ֻ·Ǽʵ۾첻ɡ
ô˼ţʱܿţ֪䣬ҹɫ١
¯ڵĸģѱڻеʶȥݼ
ʱѲ֪˶ٿǽЩˣԲϴϢ·ʱᵹһ
Сһһȴչ¶һǿ;ԲԲ۾ﾡרע֮ɫ
ѩ𿴵Ǿȣû뵽⿴ȿɰСһҲôкݾֱѰСһޡ
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䡫
͵أ¯дһ죬ȫΪ֭Һĸģ˿̱һƬͼ֣һ־˵ı仯
ѩʱɴ۾Ϳ¯Уһصս𽥳Σ뵣ܣԵҫۡ
ڴʱһֱһķű򿪣Ѱ߳һĻʱһĨ
ౣˡ
Ѱ˵һ䣬ظ㣬͵һͽ¯ڵǽȫ̻˶ӡ
ͬʱѰһУ¯ٿȻֹͣת
ѩ̲סͼѰһ࣬ʹ¯óһߴ磬ָͨڵս
ͨͨΨΪأ污ԵһĻߣڵ룬һֱѪֱֵۣ⣬ҪѪ
ѩƤһ֪ͣ˵һɱǵĻߣԼһѪۣһжΪ˸Чֱӵɱˡ
ԣ͸սȣսʲô֮Եͨ
ɵϸʱͻ֣ᷢ˵仹û׭ͼ̸һɵѳֳһֱ˵
һͷݷ˯ޣһѣҪѪ
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ѩҲ棬ֻǵҪѯʱͼѰһõսӣѴҴط䡣
飡
ŽգѩĿ⣬һȻʱʦѵһԣ
ౡ
̱һڵϴڴϢһ֧;ƿݵήģ
ѩһۣѰûģһսˣ֪һ¾ӹΰౣֱ̫ûġ
౰æĿôսӣ
Ⱦơ
ѩͷóһջƵ˹ȥ
ҡͷŴĺ۾ؿѩ
ѩһæһ龧
СһʱͰֵһٽҵĸƷ龧̽С
ڣ౴Уֵӡ
ѩҲЦˣһ뵽һԭǸѰģƫƫԼȴΪ˸һ龧ʱɫЩѿ
ౣȴ૵òᡭСƵͷ˰ɣղſԵ˵

һѩԩѰʦһһʼѰͳ׽ǰͶ뵽УԺûκһ˿˵ǻȻҲΪ
˿̣ǰ־׭ʣպ׼õīȫĿʼս׭ơ
˴ѰΪԼսһӲйĴ٣սĲʡ׭īԼҪ׭̵ͼ޲Լ˼ö
ÿһϸ΢Ĳ裬ΣΪľǷֹƹгκһ˿©
ϾսȫûоѭһжҪԼɣһ֮ǰһѪ׼֮
Ѱһһ϶ԼΪ̵ʦƷʴ¹õÿһ֮ǰȫ׼
һ仰ԣ޺׷̬ÿһʦе
ৡ
׭ʻӶʷˮճһƹ켣ŵ̻һӡս档
Ѱıʷ׾ӣΡɽȻ֮ˣȴǿ⣬嫺֮ɡ
Сʱ򾭹ĥҿ̵¹ĳָ㣬γɵһֱͷ̸϶ȴѰһּɡ
һУѰ׭ʱܹһֿǰľ׼鶯̶ܹȵķī͸֪϶ȣӶ׭̳ͼá
ֻǣһ׭ͼͬѰ׼ʮŸͼνʮʮţ˶һʮ֮ѭ֮
ΪʮŸͼ˴˺ӦϣѰԣԵޱȣԶ
ĿǰһжѰƿ֮С
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ȷأ
ѰֱʱݳĶʵʱֵҪԶԼĸӺѣ
һǼֲס֮ǰеĸΪһգ



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Ϊ׭֮ǰʮ˸ͼʱδκ⣬ƫƫһͼȴ⣿
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⣬ͰǰжɰܵһݣץסܳɹУץסעǰ
һɲѰһҧ⣬ŬԺеһз˼ʼһеƹ̡
Ҳ֪˶ãѰпһɫ΢䣬ڲ׽˹ؼڣһͼϡ
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ѩüӣѰ˵һЩص飬ƾݣΪһɣ
ͫжȻһâôԭ֪ˣô˵ǴСӳͷˣ
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ޱΪѵڣֻС̫թɶ񣬱øһѵ
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ѩҡͷڿ²УҪȼ
ЦѰĹͷϣʱܱţ
ԱߵĳҲȰţȻѾ֪˵ַҲá
Խ÷ˣԭѩ⣬Ѿ˿̼ѩΪһСһһҲԼӣ÷ԼоЩΡ
Ŀ΢УâܣƱÿɲٲȻһҪ쭵ļ
ѩпһ̾ӻǰѲһ²붯Ҳöˡ
Ҳп࣬ģǷʲôˣǶԵѰ
ҲڴʱһĵȻХֱ
ɲǼ䣬ѩ𡢷šһ



241 ͻս
⵶ӵ㣬͸һֳȻԣ̫Ѱ
ѩ𡢷šԶӵмḻһ˲жϳ鱦ˣ
ء
ƬУȻӿֶϼŹӳֳһսӰӡ
˵ĿԶ鲻Խȥɫ𺳡
һɲǣһʧ·ղŵһдûзһ
ֻѩ𡢷š˵ȴĲƽ
УһزʱܹϲԴ͸һԣ鱦ЩУҵҲμȱֻȴû뵽ԵĿһ鱦
ѩϾǸпƱɣʵξˡ
ûв´֮˶鱦ǳѰֱ֮ʣ˭ܹѰŽֻһʮʦ
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۹ԺЩһϼһ֪һУֻ·ɰɣ
Ѱʦֶ𣿹Ȼ뻯󣬽ƾܹƳһ鱦һ㣬ѾóϷ
ɫӣ𾪣ип֮ǰ˵Ѱʦ֣Ǳʶﲢûж࿴ضԷ
ҲѰ¶Ѱʦܹ޸÷Ųһ˿ȤĻǺɣȷѰʦǷܹ쵽һ
ɵʱĿһ鱦Ҳ۷ԭĺȫ
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ͣ
ѩָһʹתΪָŽսУǸоͺһıԸоսڿԼ
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ѰҲǵһеĸܵ˵ԣ˲һһץ
ϵһڵսһĨ磬Ѱָ䣬Ͷͱ㣬ѩͳ綼۾
˲ϢѰ͸ееսΪԼɷָһ֣ԼѪȫϵĹС
·ϲŭ֣ԱԼܵԼһ⣬ҲԱϤ֪
ѰͷһָоҲһĨûжΪ󣬵һ
һ粼㣬˺ѰļХͬʱһƼ˶ɵ׹⣬սһš
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ѩͳ۾һĽȲѡ



242 Լ
ѩͳһս⺷ƥǿߣһǾḻĶʦǼһ۾ͿѰս̫ͬѰˣ
ƾս˺ѿһ˵ɲսܹġ
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ѰȻ˰ɣһѺսļֵɰĺܣһˡ
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ѰҲѩѧһЩȭȴѩһ䡰ȭʺ㡱;ܾˡ
ԣѰҪѧһʺԼȭҲֻܵȻˡ

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ѺͷԼãʦȴлá
ֻǵѰִʦǰʱȴ֣ⷢѻˣѽֵΧµˮйͨ඼ߣһЩŮӸɫ˷ܣƵƵʦǰ
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Ѱ̧ۿȥͼлùһʦǰһϮۣͷ̵٣һεɫ齣ǣһҫ˫ķɡ
һȻô͵Ⱥһһö֮ļƣֲûƬ䶯
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˼ȥѰҲ벻Ȼʱҡҡͷٶ롣
ڴʱһĿٿȻɨ˲ϢѰϣͫһУ̧ۿȥͼлԶԶؿԼ
ˣѰҲٳɣȺǱȥ
߹ѰлһϻҲûУֶѰһǷĺͱꡣ
ѰŶһ
ʱ򣬸Χ۵ŷ֣ԭСл֮ԳȻڵˡ
Ŀⶼ̲סѰѰһˣΪֵлԵȺڴˣ



243 ǽ֪
һ˭ΪܹܵС
ҲʮѣĪǺСһҲһλ۹кպһɫ
ζЩŹְСѣҲذѼص㰲Ψǲ֪Ƶġ
Ⱥ۷׷ףѰһЩ˼͸֮ԼѿǰһĻԼЩεζ
ڴˣѰлãԶһ޶õģԵúƽΪ߶˴μĿġ
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лýһӡŻƵսֵݸѰתȥ
ʼգһϻҲûУһֲ䲻̬ȣ¶һ˿
Ѱ֪лչָԼ̬ȡӣ
ѰĿл뿪ͬδ¶ʲôָֻսϱֻдһ仰һսԹ
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Цɱ˰Ƶһ˼ϣȻս֮գݺˤϼѡ
ѰһлôҲ³ȻǸƽģΪƾƽֶΣսлҡ
һĴȣˣһ룬صǽǶǿϼһһľ֮أ˹սʱˣһ죬ͻᱻϼ˶֪˵лԾǰػģ̫
ѰȴЦЦȻҪǽ֪Ҿһ棬ֻںܺ棬ƽǸĶ֡
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Ѱüϸ磬Ҳһ飬ƽĵϸ֪֪ˣܰս
ʱͷѴӦ

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۹һ̳Слãȴڽյһս
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ӷſе֪Ϣʱ̽סҧҧӣĵӿһĪŭ⣬лӴ˾٣Щ۸ˡ



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245 Ŀ ۷֮һ
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ʱ̻磬Ƕɽ˺ֱޱȡ
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ƽɭȻоǱĵĻ棬ѪĹ񣬡ڿʼʧܣѲת



247 Ŀ ۷֮
ƽı仯ȫڴһû뵽սʱԭƽδɱﵡ
˶һսʵ̫ʣĿϾӣ
ʱƽٱ䣬ɱУɾϽͣȫ׷
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ѰЦҵȥˣģԷ϶ʲô
˵ţתȥ
վԭƬ̣ջûܾܾ
ͬʱʯիһɫС
ĻϣڵѾˣ
Աߵ̴æѾķԸ뺯͵ʦѰС
ĻһȴЩ㱣ǰЩӵһϽʯիܲϢ˵ʯҪѰμӵʢᣬһҪѰ׼һϯϯλĻҲԾ
Ǵʯô⣬ϾʯѰΪ͡
һβǴʯʯ
֪ʯһֻ˲ɽĴ竣ʹʯֵܣֵ˵Ĺϵôá
ȴͬѰ˿أĻոеЩ˼ˣѰС쵰ʲôʱ򣬾ȻʯĹϵ



251 
Ļ㱵ʱԱߵ̴Ҳƺ¡
һԥҧ˵ƹѰݣƺԶԶλϯλϰɣ
ĻڵΪβɣ
̴һѰϼǣ죬վһߣݲԣƲǺźᣬЩϯλãΪҪĹ裬󶼶ϼѧԺԺΤ桢ִ߶Ŷ;ȴųƵϯ
˶٣ѰӺЩﲢһɾͷ˼ɻ䣬˲ġ
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ʵĻҲʯΪҪ´һѰѵҪزˣ
ĻжЩѰһûСɻԽԽˡ

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䷻ϼһһĵҩУж۵鵤ĿƷһܹ
Ȼеҩļ۸Ҳ䰺һҲѲ
Ҫǣⵤ䷻ҩʦжŲٶһ޶ƷҩʦҲ򲻵ġ
ѰһΪǵҩֻڵ䷻йõ
ѰΪԲزļǾӵսĥ֮ΪԾ١
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ѰѾȲˣٹһ£ͽͨؾȥƴأһδֻλᣬѰɲκε
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Ӽ۸оܿһƿʮװ鵤ֵʮңһƿʮװǵҪһٽң
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Ѱ϶ҲùȵҩΪӦ˰޸Ѱһҵı꣬ʶԣǵҲ㲻ʲô
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ɲǼ䣬ڶٳʱϰƽԼΪչˣһԳ棬Լһա
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һͷĺ´Ц˵⣬һ޼ɵģͲ֮ͥ»鷳Ȼеġ
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͸һĨһֱԼΪ
ѰпоĻɶ󣿻ҿ԰æ¸ˡ
һӿһĨůѾһʱû棬ȴϼżȻط꣬ԭЩȷѰûУͨ仰֪ѰǵǸѰ



252 صǸ
˼죬ЦҡͷҳէŸյִϼǲ죬һĨڣѸ˭ڰи
ԭǰϼǣ丸׹ƽ֮УҪϼпһãԴΪݵ㣬㹻ʣԺԽõĵŵʡ
չƽĴ㣬ϼΪʡʡ֮أڴ˴򿪾棬ؿ˲ţΪýһųʵ
ֻҲû뵽ԼŸϼ㣬鷳ʵա
Ѱ֪һУҲпƽӾǲƽӹ֮һʱѣѾĿʡˣ
һ룬չƽչֳֶΣȷһλѵһ
ƺоЩƣЦˣνϼǣ˵йĲ飬֮죬Ҷ㻳ɾǲˡ
УһĨĵľ̾
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Ҫ˵ʲôͱѰһקס߳˾ҡ

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ֻʱǲǣһɽߣ˿ڵеϣɫưԱĿ
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Ҳ̫ϣԼûûأô͵˱̹
̹֣ѰжʱһĨɫһĨ޵Ļȡ
Ц˵ûǵͦйģҴɱ

Ǯǰ㻹ҷСˣ
Сӣû㣬ǮϿǱ̹еĸ֣͸Ͻл
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磬Ѱ嶯æѰһ䡣
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ȴѰЦãñ̹ѹңǿҶˣ˵ĸǮϣվʶʶ
ɽǣȴһӵģŵģõЩƦԶŭ޲һǰСӡ
һΣ֪ԼȰסѰһҲȥˣ˸ѰúһԺѡһᣬɱϼǡ
ʱһֱĿ̬ưɽߣҲǱЩƦΪǮϵļһͻȻһߡ
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أûвֻøɽֹݵǮϣ˿羪κ˰㷭ڲݣԺи׻㣬һѣ
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ԭûȥѰһһľ˭ȴһҧĺϷʱҲס
̲ס˿ѰȴԷЦһУʱԼһЩʲô𾪣û뵽Ѱӵƣ
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Ц޷ɷ½⣬Ǻɾ̫أе
ͨͨһ죬ЩƦʱ򵹣Ƕѱɣ˿Ļԥ
ûǮ϶ŵ



253 ʿ֮
ŹһصӰ
ʼգѰû˵ʲôݻͱƵЩƦлҲ̫ǿˣ
Ⲣ꣬ѰĿⶼûпЩصĵƦһۣǿһ㷲ģǮϡ
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ڣֱ¹δԵ̫˼顣
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ԹԣһЩõѰ治ʲô˭Լأ
νԹʿңұԹʿ֮
Ƭ̺󣬹ѰµĴ뻹Ǵ򿪿һۡ
һۣǣѩǡڤƲݡת
ȫ޷ѰµУʮֿƿģ
ÿһģ䵽ϣԿһۣʮļļֵֻж٣
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ãһǿ԰еĲǱᶨ
СӼȻؽѽ÷չɾĵһУζԵΣѰţԺһһ벻Ļر

ЩģȻǷ͸ѰģΪ޸ãֻѰΪ˳ҪĴȫòϣǾֶ˹
Щĵļֵܰھж఺ѰҲ˵֣񲢲ȱǮɽõҲ
ȻԺڵ۹𣬳׷չһһ̻ôչԸ񣬿϶ָԼ档
һ˵ǽûܷչ׵ˣҲνóЩģͲΪ׬Ǯġ
ףѰ֮ô̶ܴΪƽ
ڶٳʱûйƽԳ֣ͥˣпٶ
Ⱦ֮Ѱˣ
ȻԼΪѣѰҲܸܵĵȻãֻҸͷָôȻùԿ
ֱؼУѰѽ֮Ժ׼ӽ쿪ʼȫĴΪΪһºͽƴ׼
УͨؾеÿһδأԶһѵޱȵĻԵץסκʧ


254 ʢ֮ʼ
쿪ʼѰʼչأȫͶС
ʱƣǰʦ߷֣ﾭȡѰʦ˼һûгֹ
߽סʧΪѰʦѾ뿪ʦ磬ӴѰʦίѾϣã
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ȻԴҲܸˣȻϣѰԽԽǿΨԺԼʱѰһܽԼֵ鷳
ʣѰϵʼȷһ˽ģֻʱƣֱѾѰΪѡ
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ͥԺУѩһЦ⣬һʢҾƵľƱౡ
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СӺεºܣ޸ۡ
ѩֹһĿ̲סɨһѰķ䡣
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Ѱ֮޽󣬵ǲƴ֣ڸտʼչʱΪҪǵġ̻ľڡ籩ĥ̡һȫת֮£ʱ˲С׺ХͥԺܲ
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ˣСӼթƹǸ϶֪ٲĺˣȻɳԼ顣
ѩֹһҡҡͷ

ѰԣƽĲһ˿ûܵκθš
ϼУȴһʢȫĿ⣬ǾǼڲþĻʯի䣡
һ䣬ʯիνѪ˵俪ʼ֮գкĶԶԼμӣ󶼶ϼѧԺԺΤ桢ִ߶Ŷ;
ÿһӵзƸ֮ܵľ뢣ֹϼǣʡźպ
ЩμĹУܿʯիΪ˴˴˶ѪɲǹǮܰ쵽ģ
ȻΪ˽ֵڴޱȵģȻǴ˴ϣ£۹һ׷ӵССҲϯУ
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ʱ٣ҲԽԽ𱬣ͷβ¥Ǵ˴Ļ⡣
Ȼģɡ
ЧӦ֣ͬҹһǣֻҪǣͻĿ⡣
źǣһĻʢᣬٴ䶯ѰҲǻȻ
лиҪ飬Ǿӭͨؾƴصս


ǰ⻬ѩ׵֧°̬ͣ
ϣһѩ׵ֽţϱдһŵּ½Ϊһ֧д´ʣǸдһ룬δɡ
ػţ;ά裬תǧٵͷ·ΨӢڣ׷ճɿգй˭˵
ૣãüһ˿Ȼ
һ࣬ԣס𶯣ɲǼп֮·˲пᣬʱ̫Ҵң;ãѰٵϣֻ¶һգ
û뵽ԼС㾹˸п
Ϊ´ʣ
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ҡҡͷ΢΢һЦţʯիôӣֻ»Ǻܶ˲
ߵС㲻ЩԭģĻģ
ӨӣҧͷȻţѰǱ߿Ϣˣ
һᵽѰɫһСĿô׾ͽ޸õĹС𼱣ҸᣬȥݻһλѰʦ
æȰ裺ˣҲɱΪѰˣϴηڽǶ飬Һܹⲻȥ
ȷſڣͻһתţѰӻμʯի䣿
ŵʱ۾һУС㣬Сӿɲʲôö
˵꣬̾εˣֻŴ˴ѰӰҵĴæϴȴΪңòͻƽʵЩǷԾ벹һ¡
ŶһСˣ֪ʯիѾСӵʦѰʦȥ뺯ˣʱѰʦ϶Сһǰ
һӯӯǾͺãѰӼȻù϶ҲԣʱҲ֪ҵıۡ
Ŷʱ־ֻǵҪ˵ЩʲôʱͼѾʼʣʱסٶ˵ֻǽѰ˾Բ俿Сĺϡ
峿ϼӳ˯ѣ
ʯիǻֺ뻪Ľǰɽ˺ޱȣ˶ҹѵȺ
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ʯի⣬̵̺أƣַǷ
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Ƕֵģû취ǿûʸյʯի뺯ȻҲܽʯիֳ
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񡰽ɽ续ȴȻһЦӭСϼǣΨ̣֮ֻӦУ
ܿţҲԿڵ۹һеӰǺε֮ˡ
뺯ִʱͿһֹ⾰Ҳпʯիôֱʣ
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ΤǰһλĶ쾳ǿߣЩһֱϼѧԺҵǳѺ¶棬û룬˴Ҳˡ
󾪻Уͼһ¿ߣԶ·ò񳣬˵ȻҰװ㣬һʦȡ
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ͼһѼĺŴԶУޣ
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ˣͫʱһɫҲ䵭ĿײһĨ⡣
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Ψг֪ȻһݣϽǳеһλ䳤ϣܳأ
磬ͬԳ壬Ȳͬĳˣǵϵ
ʮǰΪһȨıƣױ壡
Գݣɿܻ䵽ϼУ
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ЩУԭƾʦܵݣԽύԴȳ˴󶼶ıʿ֮󣬳ͳϼųĶûԸύ
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羭ЩĴѹĥ˼Ϊ͵ľȻʹ䡣
ΪѰĳ֣Ѿĳϣ
߽ʯիܿͱ̴һޱȵĵУۼͬ򱻻˲ͬΣȻ򣬴һ㣬ˣ
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и
ʯիֱӡ
ʱĴУˣһϼĳȨ
仹ûпʼЩޱȵĴ˿̶ڱ˴˽̸ٲȻһɸЦ̵ĳ
ֻǵʱ˭Զ¶һĨ֮ɫɫ䵭ƿĿ⣬ƺ˳˵Ĵڡ
׼һ䵭Ŀʱһ
ܿ죬뿪ˣΪĿ̵ķɣ֮⣬룬ڳЩӵĿ⣬ں
ȸ߽˴һ·ܵӣвһ⣬ӵ뺯Σⲻȡʲô
ٿȣߵģдǰ̸֮Եüܻӭ
ԱȳܵĴֱ֮
Դ˺ǲмܻ֮ӭ޷ΪǴ󶼶׽ıʿӵϽǳ֧֣õϼУֱˮ
򣬵ƾһ˵ϼǸһų磡
֪䣬ѱ̴˴ǰţϯʸٵλá
һĻʱҲһôûյų䣬ԼʦܵݣƺҲûʸġ
ԼͲµѰԼһ뺯йأ
ͬʱ͵شһϷʰЦЩδ̫ʶ̧٣ǲõǵĶǸ˵ʮأ˵޴֪Ҳ̫Цˣλ˲ִ֪С󣿡
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256 ֮
ЦԱߵĲٴҲ¶ζЦݣ˾٣Щðʧˣǵϯλãʸģ
Ȳִ֪ľٶֱͬڣЦС
Ŀעţֻоâڱнסٶӿ
Щ꣬Ƶų䣬㣬ڳ˶һϷʵĳͷһ
һԵ̴ӣЩ䣺ǹģ˭ôģ
Ҫ̽һʵһ˴ξڰָʹҪԼѿ顣
̴һ㶣æǰ뺯ʾһϯΪ׼
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һĻЦţǰڳϣԼȣֱ޲ǰһ
ԱһЩҲҡͷʦܣ湻˵ġ
ߵĶԶע⣬һģ״ѣһ䣬뺯˭
翴˿ԶȣųǹǴѰǰġ
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һںŴҲסô
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ӿһĨǿҵĲʣ̲סǹ꣬üʵ
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Ŷ˵ǸϯԭΪѰ׼ǴѰǰġ
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һ֪ѣȴܹú֣֮Ϊ䱣ݻЩϽŷӵܣҲõЩŷӵֻܾʹա
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һУβ𾪣

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ǣǸϯֻվһ̷š
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ΤͶŶ;һЦԸпֻ˵Ѱʵϡ
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󶼶Ĭǣɫϣ˿ֻǵѰʱвĬĬ룬Ѿˡ
һǰЩҹɱ
ڶΣǷڽǶе۷Ծ
ڣǵΣ벻עѡ
ûãʯիʱ٣һ͵ĸ̨ϣ߳ĻһԼӰ
һϮȹüĿͶ͸һɳʣһõ㣬˵ķ飬ǰһ
˶ʶڿʼˣ

ͬʱչõѰҲǴεĴ۾
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬Ŀâ䣬Ʒеĺڰ
ʱѰϢڵ۽ڼһƽõɫ͸ʥ࣬һֳȻ֮
䣬տȻǳǷ忡ϣѰٲһ˿ɬ֮õһ־þĥӵеĴϡ
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Ѱһһز㣬һ˺ƿǽϴһ
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Ѱڣɷ籩Уľɫ֮͸صĹ󣬲תһȦȦ
ͷųϢȴͬ߸еͷƤ飬ϵУֲ


257 սؾ
αչأѰΪһеԲزսҲ֮
ʱƽѰŲòʽҲɽܣ
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ˡ
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Ҳ֪˶ãѰֻʶһҡػΣл㱣Ϥĸоӿȫ
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ÿսʧܱζ֮һʱе
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ϸһ룬ͨؾһ֮أǰֳһУȻĳؿɲܻȻˣνġ͡ӦҲǻþĲŶԣ͸
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ѰϸĦһ򣬷һٴսʧܣҲ˳ͨأЩԾˡ
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Ѱü϶򵥣ػֻΣÿһְһٴսᣬɣ˴δɲ˸ӡ
ˡ
ףѰǰҲྡͷ̨Уһ첲ò쳣ĵһ첨ʯм׷װ䣬˹


258 Ӱ
飬һ۰Ȼͻ˹
Ѱͫһ
ˣ
һȻ֮䣬һʵ޻սѰС
ʱӰһӣ̨ϣһɺѪ˲ϢѰɭȻ
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ⲻǲʽ
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ޱߵľʹϮǰһڣٶȡ

ʱѰɫǱ֮
ȻһΡˣҲһǰˣľУȴĿ־塢
ֻҪһ񣬾ͻ塢ħǿɱʱһĻĻֱͬӰ㣬ľУ޷
ѰԼ޷ӰͻΪԼħ۵Խ࣬ԼԽΣգʱԼױ߻ħһΪ֮
ͨʧӣѰԼѾףΪιлһٴսȫʧܣֻҪֵܹǴسɹˡ
ԭڣһδʧܣĳϻֻۣԼǰܲסӶ̭֡
ԣսҲԼֵ
룬־ľˣ߻ħˣʲôȥս
ǲ߻ħֻ䣡
ƴءսֲĵطƴǰغһȣֱͲֵһɹ
ô˲п̬꾿ĸ쵰ֹؿֱɥĲ񡭡
ѰʶһУɫѿ֮ǰ˳׼⡰սؾʱŷٶ׼Ե˲԰
ѰɣƴضѣĹؿһһ̬
ˡ
һ󲨶ѰսҪʼˡ
һεĶһ̤ԹꡢߣƬľˣ塱ǿߡ
һзʱѰȡǰνѵԥɱֱӶԼǿɱﵡʽ
Ȼһν棬ѰٶȱɱûأǰͬһСʽ£

ģͲͨأ
ѰʱסƿڴʵˣԭΪԲزƾԲʽգдϣƴء
˭룬ʵȴ֮пᣡ
Ѱֵǣÿһʧܣ类ɱһΣĿ־Ϣ겻ɢ㣬лۣԽԽ࣬ϲʳͳǺʶ
ħ
ÿʧܣȻԼֵ˳ͨأħôܹģ
̫ߣ·һشۣͻһ겻ľʧյΪʧȥΪΪˣֱȥ
ΪΣ
Ϊ޷սʤħ
ѰҲվֲǣܵĴֱۣ
ȻԸӰĳȴʵڵģ
ħһδεػ֪ѰɺεȿֲĴ
Ѱһˣʶ֮ǿԺһʼ˼֮
ԴУȫԸȥƴһƴ
䲻һؿ̫пᣬһУȻȥıһУ
µľûȫԸʱͱۺʧܻ壬䣬ˣɿܳΪǿߣ
ʽľħ
Ѱ䣬̨ϣҲһ˿Уڷ˼ƽ֮
ħʽ£սʤħֻܴӲʽ֣
ѰԼץĹؼǣν



259 
սʤħҪڶԲʽĲƿϣ߳һ
Ѱ˼ãܹ뵽ֱӵİ취
ֻ˵ɣҪ쵽һ̸ף
Ϊ΢׼ԲĸΣѰԲʽƿأǿ΢زʼԺͲʽ̺ɾƿػһ롣
֮ǰս֣塢ħǿߣǲǿߣʩչĲʽС׼ε
£ѰҪڶʱھͽʽƿص֮ƽĵزѣ۳Էһˡ
ĿǰΨһеİ취򡭡͵ħ֣ľױɣ
µҲһ㣬մʧܣʧȥͨؾĻᣬħظʴľ
£Ѱζƴһƴ
ûą̃ٶϤĲĳսֽʼѰʱȼս⡣
ȻսԼϤĲʽ˼·ʵɵһѵѧϰᣡ
ԷԲʽƿأԼʩչÿһζԼֱӵ
ͬʱȴͬԼֱȫᵽڲʽغ
ȡ̣з̵Ļᡣ
Ѱ롣

ѰսصͬʱʯիеҲݱؽţֱҹɫʱѿҪӽβ
һֹȴûһ˥ģ෴βڴ
ΪϣµĴ̣ͽΪѹ̨գ
ǳйΪڴġ
ʵ˵˴ϣʯի˼侫ʵĸֻڣ˵۹һָġҡǧһսϷССǧΩΩФĿܣǧһ˲ٿţսɱٲȻͬһʵս㣬̹˿Ŀԣ似
硰ҡݵġ񳯷ʦƾϰٸݣڸ̨ϷѣԸ߸裬ǵȳ뻯ֶΣҲ˳һһ䶯
֮˴֮ߣ֮ʢ󣬾Եһˮ׼¾ЩĴҲпС
Ψ˲Ӭܣʼһֱâڱڣ޲ðǰϯλϵĳ̻ˡ
Ҳֻ룬ֳ̫¡أҲΡ
ɴ˾ֵ֪ܼڣѾ˶ٵıͷŭ
أһʼͿĵؿţţһģ
䵱ȷһֱľ׮ƵɵԼһʱоʹ졣
̨̽ҪʱǷŭʵȣǸˬĳ磬Զ񣬷׷׵뽫Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
·һ̣ʱǱ˴˵ĳԹһ
ֹˣ˿˵ĴУеıͽԶֹͣжֹͣ˽̸ĿҲ֮£̨
Ϊ̾Ҫˣ
̵λ£дɫʵޣӵ̫ҫ۵Ĺ⻷ͽԼǰ˭˭ܲ
ЩǸϵĴǣ˿Ҳ¶֮ɫƺ֪̾ͽǷ鴫
еգһ̱ѻȸžޱȡ
ûãǰ͵ĸ̨ϣһƹϼƺõĹͬʱһöչϪˮ㣬žķΧж쳹
飬ɺʱµ䣬ҡҷʱ涷ʱɳĮ֮еʱ̺֮Ĵ˻
֮䣬˷һƬأֻ
ϼɢʣҡ⡣
ǧϰأȽȽ򣬺һɫԲԡ
滨ű㡣ʯͻأ̦ڸŴ޺
ʱɺণŸԶÿ裬ëɫƹ⡣
Գ¹ʨвء
ǰֱңɾõһڴﶼ𺳣ţ⾹һ֧࣡
ɶ룬ˣƾѸ𺳣õһڹԶ۷
ֱ߳ʱĿжƵشһĨƳ硣
ͼǰ͵ĸ̨ϣѤͷ׵ϼ뵣һλƵ޳Ӱ̨ϡ
ѰŮװģͬʱ̣һϮ°ȹŲ಼ЬؾĴ磬Σӵ׺һͷɫĳʣ˫Өƣһž޵ϴһɶеѩϢ
̣еġߡӵŶһ޶ɤ۹
̣
̣
̣
У͵һ󼤶ǺӵܣһҲ̬ˣдܿȡ
ȴû˺ǳǣЩĴǣû˵ʲôҲһĻ𺳣пѡ
ʢ֮ʿ̸һ࣬Ȼͬǰ㾪鴫
̳֮󣬲δ˵ʲôӯӯһɨȫջĿ⣬ûע⵽Ŀɨڵλʱײض˶٣һ˿⣬Ҳһ˿һŵʧ䡣
˵ʯի䣬ҲԱΨһףԱ֮ġ

սؾ
ɱ
һؾǿ߻ʱѰɣ¡
ʽ
һ̵Ѱɫޱȵ侲侲һɳѰĺݾȫϤһС
䡫
һ춯صײģѰٶȱɱ
ûãӰ
Ѿڶʮߴʧܣÿһʧܣޱߵʹ־壬תᣬֱҪĥˡ
ֻǣʧܴӣѰҲһЩϡ
ÿһʧܣͻвӰһ֣ϳ񣬵ֻҪתСڤѭ֮࣬벻ִͣͻѹħá
Ȼѹƣ
ֻֻÿΡ֮һӵʱڣһսСڤҲ޼¡
ˣҲѾ㹻ѰõϢĻᡣ
ͨһδεսһδεġѰ֮䣬Ҳ֮ʽİУҲ
ûгɣѰϥأתСڤʶ飬ǿ࣬ȫѹķݵħ
ʱѰ״̬أϿʼսȻӭŸתСڤѹħȻٿʼµս
һѭظţֻÿһսĶ֣òͬÿһʩչĲʽƺͷҲȫͬ
Ҳ֪˶ãʮߴսʱѰսȻüͷһ塣
ľܵӰѾ̫࣬ﵽһּޣһʧȥСڤѹƣͬɽ㳹ױҪƲס
Ѱ֮ǰƲ⵽鷢Ϊ׼
ûκγɣֱӿڣ䣬ҷ˴δػᣡ



260 ɹɹ
ҹɫˮ
ѩǽǣԺ˯
Ȼѩ͵һɲѰķУӿֳһƥĵ⣬űŰϢ
ã
ѩпһһ̣ƾʧѰȥ
ֻǡ
ѰڵķУȻӳһĨâǷһΪ
ۼâͽɱڵأƻѩ͵̽ƣкݺһ
ͼһӿ֣һĨâӲͣڰգȻʧ
¡
ΪķݣǽҪ׻ѩаѰСӷʲô裬ҹǨ
ղʱ֣ƾղһ԰һͥԺٵܲԶĽͽֵ
ʱѰӰѳֻʱɱƣоڵս⣬˾һԨгʵľҪɱ£
ѩͫһɫɲǼԾСƺħˣ
ѩ𵱽Ȼһ۾ͿѰʱͬһҩͰ־ɱΣɱⶼǿҪ߻ħף
ϣ׷ԭֻһħ
ģСӽſʼչأºˣԼҵˣ
ѩһеޱȡ
ħ翣Σȴ·ֲҵϣνħһˣΪһֱɵ
ܹħģΨԼ˸ﲻʲôæ
ɱ
Ѱŭ𣬻ɱƥս
ѩһҧ͵سǰָۣѰӦʱػ䲱ϡ
һѰһ̱ڵء
δԣҪħģˡ
ˣѩѾȷѰ˴ħ̫ص᧿Σĵز
ô죿
ѩɫ仯Ѱ֮ͣΪϣһϣԶƾš
һһǾʹһǿɾ̫ϧˡ
ƫƫأѰٵħѩ޼ƿʩﲻʲôæ
ֻܰȥǸطˡ
ѩһҧĳͽѰУ뿪ȴѰȻɳƿڣϽ𣬷ҡҡԼ
ѩһ𣬵ͷȥͼѰɫ񣬿һѴһ˿
ֻǣɱ籩ŰʱŤʱ˲ģܲסһ˿
죡
ѰɳҰ˻
ѩһ̾ɿ֣ͼѰͨһڵϣ͵ֱӱ۾תСڤ
Աߵѩ𲻸˿⣬ػһֻ࣬Ҫһ˿ԣͻ̳֣Ѱ뿪
ʱƣϥڵϵѰɻɱƣȴδ¶֮ٶѩŰһ
ѩĿͱøӣħ֮£˭׶༪١
ΣѰܷƾԼһѣ
ѩ
һʯǰѰĬ

ʯի
ҹȴһƬմﵽǰĸ߶ȡ
ǰ˶ڼ󺰣ЩŴʱҲ񼤵˼ǧ
ǰ͵ĸ̨ϣȥɴ֮УȴûһԸ뿪ƺڻζղŵһ
ɹ⣬ɹ⣬Ȱһơ
᲻ʶߣƵغ
Ψºů١
ʳʣʳݡ
ڣ̫һУ
춫ľ
Ὣն㣬⣬ʹ֮ûأҹ÷
Ȼ߲߲ޡ
Ϊƽ̰
˭ιӣ¿
֮¶͹ǣκε;飡
ɹ
̽ѹʱϹĹŵȫ̥ǰı仯ԡ
ЩһУϲȻһ䡰Ὣն㣬⣬ʹ֮ûأҹ÷
ǺεȵİݣҪն׽⣬ҹ棬ʱ⾲ֹ
ЩŴԣģǡ᲻ʶߣƵغΨºů١
һ塱֣˶ȻκͲʣ
Դ󶼶ϼѧԺԺΤ桢ִ߶Ŷ;ЩΪزĴʿԣǵģһ䣺֮¶͹ǣκε;顣
Խе߾磬Խǿ֣ãã֮£Ŀݹǣ֪ͨޣ޷ٴ֮ϣ
˲ɣ;ǷԶһ
һȴ˸УͬĹ뻯裬Ҳֻ޲ʩչ
ܶ˶ȷһסɹؽȫ䶯ϯ£Ϊڿഫֵ
ʱѶԳ뿪ʯիһԣֻһԼ̸̫ˡ
ǵ֪Ѱ뺯˱ˣȴûгʱвЩȻ
ţ˵˴ϣĶˣΨȴѰӵټĪҵ
ϣ̺Ȼڡ
ΪҪС
һ㶣һͷˮ
ϴͻƽԾֵǽ֪ΪңĿܻۣ
ĵȷһ˿ΣѰİ޸ȴΪĹϵЩŷӵܵķУһֱҸֲ
ԭţѰμ䣬Լ׳ʱ򣬾ҸһǸ˭룬Ѱȴû
̲òɣǲΪϴε飬ѾǵѰˡ
ŲΪȻС㣬ˣСӿӮ˻ƽûϼУޱȣĺء
ҡͷһһ룬ʱѰˣעɨأֺ˭е
üС㣬ôˣƺЩ¡
Ѱ̸һ̸ǸѰġ룬˵ġ
źɵûб뷨
һƵĵ˷һۣţˡ
ȴΪǣǹˣ״̬ܲԾһѰӷһЩʲô˵ͻᷢʲôأ
ϣֶǸӣΪһС£ͻһԵ
ĵģһ㡣
Ψһİǣ뵽ڣ̲δ¶ʲô̫쳣ľٶԻ̴뿪׶žѰӴĿܣ
Ц̺ڵ۹жһָޣ£֪жƳޱȣѰթƹʸ
ѾֻҪڣ;Բ·
ţΣ
Դؿŷš
⡭ѾôˣΣ
ԥ
ͽɣ£ô˻ᣬҲȥһѰʦһʲôʱ޸á
˵
˼죬̹ü֮ɫһҲá
ı䷽򣬳Ѱ֮ʻȥ



261 
ѰĬţԺӳšգѭ࣬Сڤѭ֮࣬Դ˹ңǡ
ľУһӰ˴˳ײֲϷҡ
ÿһӰʹһζսʱһĻĻ龰ͬǿߣĲʽԼͬܡ
һУħ֮ϳľ֪龰Ǻε֮տֲ
Ѱߣֻѳܲסľ߻ħ
ѰȻʱûݵһ״Ҳֹۣ᧿Σݡ
ʱͬϣƾСڤ֤ʶħʴ
һֱȥľħȫʱƾӵֶͨΣҲע췦
ô죿
ѰʶУѭ֮ӳ֣ʶžԵѩ侲
ܹľѾٱԵһӰһ𣬲ϷͱѿҪľ
ҪıһУͱ뽫һӰĨɱ
ʽʽ
ѰʶĬĬԪİأڴءսؾʱѾȷҪħͱڶԲʽĲƿϣ߳һ
Ϊħɲʽ£ڲʽƿѹƶһԽһӰ飬Լٿ־塢ʡӶճĨɱħ
ûãѰͷ˴ӡԪѰٴ𰸣Ϊطеİأô࣬ؼÿԼԺƿء
ܰЩӰһƽĨɱܽǰһˡ
ѰʶȻһͷ˼
ôΣգһŲͿܳױħʴǣٲ֮ء
ǲôԴҲûʲô
ô죿
ѰƽһΣһֽѵľС

ҹɫִѰӵͥԺǰ±ѰʦѰӾס
УλѰʦɲ򵥣ֻһͽȴԵ̫򡣡
ѰʦлΪģǰЩĿѰʦƳһ鱦
ǳǳһЦţȥɣҲʶʶλѰʦķɡ
˵ţ̧ͥԺǰȥ
ȴڴʱƲʲôͫȻһУС
৵һ£ѵǰͥԺһɱƣƺЩԾ
һ
ʱѩѳͥԺǰǷźһŮüӣҹʲô
ߣΪˣͥԺеɱô£Īڸ˶֣
ѩҡͷδ͡
ţʶλǰ
̲סʵ
һȴûи̽ѩݣ˵ѩ𣬽ݷѰʦģͨһ¡
ѩϵУѰʦûա
ɫһѩҲ̫ˣ˵ʲôʱȴȵλǰѰӿڣ
ѩһӣѾͷṆ̀
˭ܣѰСڲڣ
ѩʱԥɲʱžȥشŵԸ񣬿϶᲻Ӧ
ȻѩһǸ
˵ţת߽ͥԺ
źһۣҲ֮˽ȥսͥԺͿϥǴѰ
ף
ͫһУѰϲһŰ񱩵ɱƺЩԾ
ҲƺʲôһоǳԾ֮ɫ
ħ
ʵ
ѩͷƺʱ˲ءͳһĨء
ԭ뼥Ѱһɿѩɫʱ֪Ӧüء
˼üӲ磬ûʸӴ֮Ĵ壬ճԣܻᱻħ壬ĪĹ⣿
ѩŽҪǻۣһǷа취ѰԶʱһ񣬵ӣн֮
ǰϸѰãҡͷУСħ֣ѵ˿ıԵǰ޼ƿʩ
ѩ϶ʱһѵСӾͳˣ
˵ħԼƳǰﲻʲôæ
һֱûпڵ̺Ȼӯӯӿǻ۰Ĺƺ뵽ʲô
ѩһ𣬵ΰæ
ȴɫһ䣬С㣬Ϊɶϲʩչ
ѩ϶ǰ޵ŮƺпܰѰæ
ţԡ
ҧҧӣö͸һĨᶨʱٲ֣Ѱӿɾͳˡ
С㡭
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㶮ƨ
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һ̵ȴԵóƽ̸ֹ֮䣬һĨݵϣţԼٶ˵
ɫȻãò̾ˣˡ
ѩһͬʱֲȣͷŶеޱȵ⣬ȴƺ޷סǰŮɾ̫˼ˡ
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ȴ̴ʱͥԺһʯϣһ֧ѣڴᴵ졣
ǵ顢翡Զдԭʼ˵غͲ
ɲǼ䣬ѩͲͥԺؼ䣬ƺһݵƺȻõõգۼһ使εĻһСƺ㣬ҹҡҷѡ
ϣɫǻƮȻ䣬ͥԺ֣ƻã˵Ŀ鳬Ȼ
ѩһʲô
˿̾͸оͨһƬͨ͸ľһ͵ãһȫóγ
ٿţɫ临ӣнǣοеǣۡ
أ·һȫͥԺлҡҷǻ磬һƿ顢ĵɢ
ʯԵŮһϮ°ȹɫĳʣӨžǣһ֧ѣһ

ѰջǾעһȥƴһΣ
Ѿûʱٺȥ붼ƴˡ
ԺУ侲ѩʶʼӣСľвϳͻ͵ħ
ܵһӰƽĨ̽ζųɹǲܣζš
ľױ
ԣѰ˿⡣
ֻǣʶһֱײӰȻ֮䣬һݵĿ顢ӿľ
ǣ
Ѱͻ˱ʣʶ͵һʧȥƣֱð亹
һ̣ͳסԭײϵһӰ˿̾ͬԻһƽݷޣû˸ղǼҳͻơ
ɲǼ䣬Ѱʶˣ
ܸղһصĿ顢ǴģǧѷĻᣬѰܴ
ৣ
һʶȻӳһӰ֣



262 
ʶгһӰ֣һ˲䣬Ѱо·صˡսؾ
һ塱ǿߡ
ֻ۰һѪɫսɱ
ʽ
ϤһĻĻѰܹ𣬵ʱԼһɱʱȻʡ
Ӱһľеħ
ɱ
ǿɱ
Ѱиֳһս磬ɱƣͬһвʽɱȥ
䣡
ײꡣ
ѰӰ𣬵ⲢΪһеĳԶӰѰֻԺеһʶ顣
֮һӰѰʶ֮ĲɱûһĻĻһɱľ֡
һʶһɲѰԵ侲֮û㣬ٶȷֳһʶһӰɱһ
񣬻ѾץסһδʧܣƾǿƥҲһδɱȥֱһӰĨ
սʽ֮أѰϥأתСڤѭ֮õʶžԵ侲רעһ˿
һõѰʶӰԾʱԼʶյս顢ԼԲʽƿأԼħԾ翣ʵս֮գȫ浶ʵǹɱҪɲ
ϾӰ̫࣬òץסһᣬŽһӰƽ⣬һӰľһɱǺע׶༪١
Ѱû·עһƴһΡ
ɱ
Ϥĳٴӳ֣ǿһǰͬķʽɱ
ѰҲ֮ͬԿ
ڽµʱУѰʧܣʶ飬ƺûʤ㡣
ÿһεսԲʽһ˿ŻۣҲ֮
սĥЧֶΣͬӦڴ˿̵Ѱϡ
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ѰĬƬ̣ҺĿһڽ˵֮ǰҼһ޷еķΪ˵أ̤ϵ;
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ɣǽңԺҾ㣬ңδɵԸһһʵ֣ϻԵ˭ܸ㣿
ЦУӻȻӿǧɫԣϯѰʶǴ㽫ѰĨɱ
ޱȵľʹ˲Ϣ糱ˮϮ۵Ѱǰһڣ֧ŲסæһҧϲĶҿδ̫Щ


266 һȭ
˵ʱѰתСڤѭ֮࣬꣡
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ʶУȻӳֳ嫣ѭ֮󣬿ſǳŹͷų貵ǻԡ
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أԵЦɫ̣ͫţɫ価ǺȻ֮ɫ
ģ㡣
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һֵӰѰܣƺҪܿһǹ⡣
ʶѰģףֻͷһʱٲǹкӵӰ֣޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
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ȷû뵽ͨؾ£òѰһ˿ʱȴһѣСڤǾ޶Ŀɲ
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ѡ
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գӵӰױ촷ۣʧǳž֡ʡ󡢾Ҳ֮Ȼֹ
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ѱ亹͸أ£ղŵһĻ̫ΣգǼʱתСڤ˿̵ֻѱӰռǣ겻棬׳Ϊӡһܣ
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ѰԼо⡰ߡһƺţָľЩܹƿءơͼ
ܿ죬ѰעͱʶеһĻѱĨһƬʥëɻڣɢӨӨԣʶоƯԵüء
ѰƲⲻӾǲһƬëԼͨؾи˳
ֻǵѰʶһƬë̽ʱȴëܵһʶ޷
ѰͫһģԸְ취ʧܣѰɣССһƬëĪǻһĪ챦ɣ
ѰȻӣһȻͨؾкܾúܾãܱһƲǣĥĪǾΪƬëİ
Ѱ˼Ҳ޷ȷջǷˡ
гһգΪﵽĳֲֿĸ߶ʱƽƬëˡ
ʵ˵ѰʶУƬëһ֮ͨţԼһˮʥ顣
֮ͨԲ˵ͨؾĴڡ
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ѰҲԹأִڿտյ磬ޱ߽磬ѰǿҲ޷ȷڲжֲʲô
գѰҲֻܾʹգĿǰ˵ûʲôϾˮһʥбȻ֮ԺлٽӴˮһǿߣͿҳһЩ𰸡
Ȼ֮ǰѰǶϲκ£û취һˮһֻ֪·ɳǿ׷ɱԼɣ

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Ǵƴ֮ԼѡĽأνĴľű֮һĺӡϢϢء
ؼǣƬӡһؼСű
ܳͨؾУ˶صķʽطܼ򵥣
Ѱû˿ɣֳһʶ̽ƬС
ɲǼ䣬һƬϺĵУҰããػƣǹԭʼɽ͡
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£
޷ĿֲͽжֲһȭǬﲻ棡
ѰֻԺ˵һ׻㣬ǰȫʧͬʱУӿĴаء
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ѰҲ𺳣ȹֹǿ󣬼ֱ̺һĵϣʼ֮壡
ܿ죬Ѱ侲ڡűĴаأϤӡԺУҪȥƿأ;һһϦܹ쵽
˹ƼɬӣԶҲȻǰˡ
Ѱ㣬ȱʱ;ȱľǡűȿѧ


267 ɱ
Ѱűճ̣ÿ˴ĥ˹
źǣѰסͥԺ󣬵Ե̫СҺܴܲסĴݲС
ʶѰֻ֮ԡű˹·Ϊֻ˹أʩչ
ˣѩһĿô˹ʽҲͫһ
Ŀ⣬Ȼһ¾ͿѰطʽ֮أһһʽǧٹ֣ȴա֮ӯĻֺƣ
⻹ֻʽ
󣬵ѰԶص˹·ߣ˹֮ȫͷųʱֻεȾ˵Ļ
ʲô
һ죬ѩվûסк棬ֻʽԳ󣬾ѿһ֮ŷдеĹطҲѶãСӴõȹ
Ѱֻ˺ű֣ȴδãôҲ̽һ£ѩǷ˵˹
ѩԣʱü˼ãҡͷ۹֮УŵĶطҴŶ˽⣬лġݺὣڵ۹ҵġ¹ѧԺԺСҡȵȣĹϴУǴһȵһѧУûһСűġ
˵ѩѰĿһ˿Īǣⲿһֲľѧ
ǺܾѾ䣬пǴںܾúܾ֮ǰԶʱڣȴ³ʧ꣬ϰõľѧ
ѩ֪ҲûйѪġ˻ı׾ʱżһԶؾãǴԶʱĳƿ֮صͳ
۹ҵĲرУͲʮֺ͡˻ı׾µĹط
Ҳ
Ѱҡͷȷֻ֪⡾űӡںӡƬУ֮⣬ٲ֪
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һ죬ѰԹ緹߳ͥԺ
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ԹԣÿһʡԿֻһܹͨ㣬ʮУŽֻһܹͨˣ̭Ҳ̫ˣ
ȣʡԿ˵ľȷ̫пᣬ˵ʡһǿߣһԲ£˵һߣЩһֻ¶бֵ̭Ŀܡ
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ǰ۶ԺӵܶԣǶԺӵܶԣһı˵ĿˣͨȻԾţֱϣ
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ǧͨѡγľ֮ܳУɿûмǿĽɫ
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ߺܿ뿪ֻʣѰһˣԼʮͭƤܡ
ÿһͭƤܣԶӵսҲͬˣ߿ѡͬͭƤĿս
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ѰˣҲΪ⣬оʮҵİǮûа׻
䣡
أһͭƤѾȹȫ汬âݺݳѰʺ
ͬʱѰ͵һ֮һֶص˹ʽתʼڱڡ
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ɲǼ䣬ͼǳͭƤֽǷ˵Ȼ飬ɲ֮䣬ͻĩƮ
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ͭƤܣȭӭͷײϣ죬ͭƤܽԱ촷ۣ
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һѰʶǶԸǻƽֻ¶öԸԲ
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ʱͭƤܶɱɻѰһҴű򿪡
ʱ֮䣬ͭƤͣԭأӲΪҴſѴϵĻأⷢ⣬޹
һʲôղŷʲôˣ죡ôôֻʣͭƤˣ
Ŀе龰ĿɿڴȻǱѰղĶŴҴֻû뵽е߰ȻͭƤȴĸ
Ǹղûպ÷ִ磬ǸٵˡѰ¶ǸȻЩ˼
١ٵˣôʧˣһȻٵҲ²ȱǰɳиûа
Ŷǡ
ѰָָϲһЩĩ
ĿŲƹȥʱ׻㣬Ȼɱˣ


268 
һͭƤܣֵ˰ٽңǮߣȴǼ׿սܲסڡ
רΪĥƵĿܣۼӲǿߵȫһʶѱ𻵡
һ˵𻵣ֻʦ޲ˣѲ˶Ǯ
ڵãĸͭƤܱɱɷĩˣ
⻹޸ƨʦֻ¶޼ƿʩ
ɫãǾۣᣬðĿؿѰӣòҳӵİɣ
ѰΣ˭뵽˴ֱͲһΪѣҲһЩʧˡ
ҡͷòãѽɹãһʧȻǱ̺е
˵ţȻʵӣȻѾΪһרΪ׼ң
Ѱ룬Ҳá
ߴ£ѰһңͬʮͭƤܣʺģҪȸղŵĸ߳һء
ȻӵеĿܣ
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Ѱԥ𣿡
жڵѪȴЦӲÿܴݹټֱǱ̺ҡ
Է飬Ѱ˼ˣָбٵЩͭƤܣЩ
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žһƳϣŭ׷ԣ֪С˭ϼУĸҵǱ̺Ǳ̹Ĳҵѵû˵̹ٸСӱһ٣ƨҷţ
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ֲãֲðСӲΪٵܣȻǸ̬ƫƫͷܴˣ˭ָҵ
̾Ϣһį߳ҡ

䣡䣡䣡
רΪǿ׼Уʮ߿ϹѰһ
ѰһҲڸܵѹϲűʽһһʩչϴ
˵ĿǰԴ˹ĲֻƤëʩչѿƾף
߿ΪѰȻѿԺʮܶԿֻ·Ǿ°Ͳɡ
Խս鵹ҲɿԽսɾ̫ˣ
Ѱһ㣬ںʮĿս
ͲѰϵı̬ˡ
Ȼվǿܣֻܹ߳ƽûǻۣվмĲࡣ
ˣѰ˿չֳսҲѿݣһУȻǻޱȵ޵Լյġűֲϵ
ǿ̬Ϊټǿ̬սطǳ
Ѱͬʱڱ̺ĴУҲ֪˭й¶ѰĥϢʱڳߵĻȻ



269 ɷ
ʲôѰǼһҲ
ˣԴϴڽǶлϽǵŷӵܻƽ֮һ˼һû룬쾹̺ˣ
ѰսƺѲĥͿͨʡԿ˰ɣ
ȷʵˣ˴αμʡԿ˵ǧУѰѡΪԸĶ֡
̺У֪ѰҲڴ˵أһ߻Ȼˣ۲ݡ
֪һ𺳵Ҹղһ˵Ѱ촷ܣ֮£ֻܽΪ߰ŵң˭룬еĿܸѰ֣أջϰİ£Ѱ뵽Ϊ׼ҡ
˻һʱһһɫ䡣
˵һսԺǿ߶Կˣôܣ
ʧֽС
ҲԣǶǰЩӷڽǶ۷֮ҲѰս֮ǿԶֻͬȴû뵽ǿԺǿ߶Կĸ߶ȡ
δҲ̫ˣ
Ǽ٣
̲סʡ
м٣±̺ϰѰںɱ
˽Ļ֮϶
һʱ֮䣬еնأ֮д඼ӵʸμʡԿ˵ӵܣһ뵽˴ʡԿ˵ľлѰоͽסһ飬ʱǧһ
ߣѰҲԼ־磬֪˴βʡԿ˵УɲһЩܹѰһ۵ɫ
ЦƵա
˵ʱӦͷȷϼеڴ˴ʡԿ˵飬йزμʡԿ˵УĿĳѰ֮⣬ʮһ̳
ϼѧԺѦ١ľ֪ΡͮˣΪϼѧԺһܳĴţΪǴ˴ʡԿϣǰʮߣ
ǣһЩʡеһ̳Զбսˡ
ô˵ӿɲѰһս̫ײУֱͲˡ
˳̾˲˸ͣսǿҲ޷϶ȴܹǻƽܺܶԿѰܹǵģ

ֱʮ֣Ѱ˳ƣȴ˵Ķӡ
ͨʵսڴжϳԼԡűƿشﵽ˺εȳ̶ȣҲʶһطǺε֮Ե
ȷȫԿɽѺǡǿڡ
ڣѰʩչġűʽǰǿ󣬵࿰һط޹⣡
ƽġĸѿƥ˽Ƕһڴﾪ̾ѰҲеܴѹ
ֻˡű֮ٶԱȡĸ߾Щѷɫˡ
ûжԱȣûиߵ֣֮ͨԱȣѰѶ϶ѩԲ٣˴δƴġűȷһһһĶطУ

Ѱһ̺ȥһ·ȴ֣ߣԶһĿɨԼĿмɵо衢Ҳоη
ԼǺˮһѰ΢΢üôˣ
ɲ֪μʡԿ˵УѱϳˡԸĶ֡
ӣ
Ȼϰ첽߹ϸһĨǫЦݣһ˹ȥΪı̺⣬Цɡ
ѰȻʲô
æû˼ֻһ¶𾴣Ҳ̺ССһ⡣
ѰЦЦˣߣԺǲǣ
ʱͷ󺹣ڨڨСĿɲңֻҪ̺ĴʱΪ
Ѱֵˣס
˵գѴ󲽶ȥ
ӣЩл⻹
е
ˣǡ
ѰͷҲأӰʧڱ̺⡣
ˣ鳤һͷ亹һңڰɷˣٶΣǰԼ̺˲ɡ
ϰ壬ѾУпܶûбٵ
ûãһ
ͺãͺá
ʱһɡ
ֻǣЩûбٵȴвˣҪ޸ĻѰĿʦܰ첻ܴʦԹ㣬Ҳǧҡ
һɫ粻ðҧгݶߣܲܺú˵һ˵ܱ㣿
ñףȴѪģɷҲ̫ײˣһˣñ̺ʧǧҡ
һʾʰֵϱ̺һˣȫȥˡ
˶ˣ辿˭˭ˣΪʲôҪɷĥң

̺߳ĺɫʮ֣һϦգȾ˰ϼǡ
ֵɷ֣Ѱ׼һХ󳵷ңĿⲻһƳȻԶһϤӰ

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˺ȻǹʱڸһʲôģԲᵢʡԿеĶԾֻһСС󣬾ʤʱ԰æһ±˵ĵ̡
˵꣬ͼǰ겻ͷƿӿɶˡ˵ȥ
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276 һ֮Լ
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Ѱ߱ѪӪ߳ĺݽɫǲȡִϮսСƣѰֱͬϮɱսֻʮ˽ߣȫ
սѰߴջɫҩʮƿľľʮѣʽʮ
ڶУʮóսѲµһɱͼһɱѰ
Ȼǵսһʼʹˣ
ѩ𡢳֪ȻԸѰԻЦƶӣֻҪ˽ѰϸģԲɥĲĴ£
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һƬ֮ϣ˵˴ҪˮΧѰ
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СŮһ裬۾ģɷǿɰ
ѰĿһɨͿԶĵطһصĸ˺ЦԼ
Ѱһůܵһ־Υ飬Ƽˮ꣬ȴܱİ˵һǻѰҲд
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һУֻһСͷ֮ı䣬


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֪һУǧҲסû뵽ĸߣںƽأҪ֪Ϊû麣εΪҲϲܳʱˮ׵ģ
ƫƫأĿȴˣץסһ㣬оյرܿһɱ֡
һ㣬Ŀ֣ٵڣѾĴΧжսԶʧܸա
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ʱǧڷ鱨ɸһڸѳòɿ첱Ӵ֡
ΪþۼȫѹĿģҲΪ²ȫҲӦøıԣ֮ǰǰ㱣ء
ﻰ⣬ʵ͸¶˶ǧλ˵Ĳ
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ߣôɾ̫ˣҼǵô˴жʱǻ׼ȫͺŵӢս𣿳ô˻ᣬֱӵǲһҹȥڿֱӽĿɱǸã
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Ҳ׷׵ͷ󳵺пУһӢսĹͱ޿ɱܣ޿ɶ㣬ô˻ᣬѴ֮ܰĿɱ


293 ֮
ǧüɨˣвֹֻĿһˣ޹֮Ӣսǳе𣿡
УѴһĨʡ
ǧĺǣЩֽԶ¶ΪȻɫЦ󳵵ģԶһȺˣֻҪɱĿ꣬ʲô˵ģ

һӴʹǧģڻûн¹ѧԺ֮ǰǧγЩӵеġ񡱣
ӣԥˣɱĿѵʱЩֻҪǲ˵˭֪
Ȱ⡣
ǺǣӵĳеΣȫ԰һƵҵϣ˵ʵֻĨȥһЩѣͱ죬Ҳû˻ᡣ
ЦԴоһӡ
ǧĬˣһԵķŭ
飡
ڴʱűƿӰȣϢ絶˵ĳ߲ü˽
ǧôɣѾָһӢսɽ
߲üȻ
ǧͫһУһƽɫһڷ仯һĨ
֪ôĻɱ۹ûʲô𣡡ǧվһ˵
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һڸ¶м֮ɫԭǶǧ־⣬һδΧĿжʧܣǿʼǧͺֶΣеľҲ˲١
ֱʱ֪ǧΪһЩνġ񡱣һǵľʱǶʼɣǧǷ˵ڤ粻顣
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Щռ鱨ǧһǿҵĸоεĿôױɱģ
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ǧʱҡҡͷٶ룬ٶҲûãԭѾ׼֣ȫĿãϧѾòˡ

УһڸֻЦǧʵ͸֮ʣٲȻǧΪ˵֮
Ѿȴ˴ɱĿ֮󣬾ͺúϽһǧĲܣѣ
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Ҫ֪һȫµӢսŸոзɵ۹ԺһλĪʦƣ˲ֹһƾСսеƣ˵ɱһߣ麣ǿߣԵֵӢսȫһ

ΡΡ
ĳУȻ̶ľʾʱг˿;ţ׷Ĺˣ֪롣
󳵷ɶУĵľǷͻ¹ʣ۹УҲ׹顣
ʶʾ˶ˣҲ⣬Ϊ߿֮ϣһˤȥǶֻ·һ
ѰԭںǸС䡱СŮ죬һĻͻʱҲͫһУȻ
͸󳵵ܹڼԶУֳһƼ׶ʮɳͨ帲ڰɫеСս
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ʲôҲܲΨյľʹ糱ˮȫɻˣѰɿűסеСŮ䡣
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֮ǰѰȴǳɹƻľļɣСŮ׹ȫתƵԼϣһڲԶĲݴС
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ʹ
ޱȵľʹѰоλǰֱðǣҪʹȥ


294 ֮

ѰڼٴϢɫɷףͫӿһĨҰްĺɫ
һԱܵһ־þĥ³ǿ־
յʱ䣬ѰŸоԻָѣԴ֮ǰ
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ҵǣЩأ
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Ψһüǣܵ˲СƣѪ𵴣𣬻ἫӰսķӡ
һѰɫָ侲רעһƥ˵ĹǣʼͰ˿ڡ
߱ѪӪʱר䱸սҽѧԱˣѰòҽ׼
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ĿɨܣѰӲԶݴҵСŮ䣬СѾͷδˣֻΪܵţ뵽˻С
Ѱֲ֮࣬ȼһĨ޷Ƶŭ𣬴̼ûÿһطƺҪը
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˭Ե۹һսȴɱԭڵ۹һ
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ǵһΣΪѰԭ򣬶ǣһ޹֮ʧȥ
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Ѱֻ
Ѱ򴽣һԺõĮ䡣
䱳ڱϣô˺Ĳ̶סȻתԶȥ

ϽǣϵլۡС
󳵱ٵϢһʱ䴫ʱе˽Զüɫ衣
˵ˣֻһӢսһھ԰Ŀɱ
ҵǺ֪λսʦǧϢʱֻһֱ飬϶Ȥ
ʲôвѴ֮ˣ趯һһ䣬ֱӢսɱȥʲô¶ˣǧҪѼ鱨Ĳֱ֣Ц֮
˷̸ֶ֮ܽ࣬ǧһڿͳٲȻһʤߵģ
üĿѳǲǸðһ칦磿
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߲ü룬˵ĿǰϢУδȷĿ꾿ǻȷ֮Իʾ壬Ϊ칦
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ϾǿȫµӢս麣ֻܱâοһꣿ
̸ʹ˽ʼ˭Ҳûᵽһ𱻻ٵ޹
ӵ̬ȣ֤ЩУЩ˿͵ֵһɹ

߳ϿȣһƬߵʯ̲ء
ʱֵһֲҼԶ֮ϣѪĺ졣
Ѱִʱʱ㣬ĿпԶʯ̲УѻһЩ󳵵Ĳк
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Ϧ£Ѱ忡Ӳ԰׼͸һУȴƺһԻȼա
Ҳ֪˶ãѰӰȻһһʯ϶ӰС
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죡ﻹһ󳵵Ĳкʼȫλۼκλڣɱ⣡
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ӰУѰĮȻעһУû֪ѹֵĺɱԷڡ
󳵶ˣĻʲôڣѰҲ˷ʱ;
ЩԵúɣһѰһбԹ
ǰ֮ǰѰʱҵһЩʬѪ⣬ûһڣ˴ζԸĿĿܻдĿܣ
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ۣ
ڴʱʺȻըѪɽͬʱһֻץסɲǼϽԱ߷϶ӰС
ô˵ˣѵĨɱˣ
ԶһƲʲôһǹ߹
ͫһȻʯӰУšʬ壡

ɫ䣬뷢У͸оԴһʹǰʱһڣʧȥʶ
ߵ춯ϢĻ˲߾׷ͫһУС߿
Уһɫ
ಣ
أһӰõǼʶؾͿ۶űһ󼱴ټХһӰʱ͸ɸӡ
ЩȻǣһӰȻǵһͬ顣
ã
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ʱѰѳǰ壬ƥϯڵ⧲֮նɱˡ
ȷѪ꣡


295 ɱ¾
ѰЩϳʱû˸һġ
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ÿһնոһǼ򵥡׼Ѹݵɱ¾ֶΣһĵ
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ѰɱƬʯ̲УѪ䣬֫ɣĲҽд˷
ѪȶҵһĻĻֱƽﻯΪ

ߴӱϮһ˳ì綾ţЮںڵĹֱѰСŮ䡣

Ѱ糤۾ͼͷҲأضһľ󣬱
۵һ͵Ϯ⧲һ֧ۣͷ­ᴩһҽУȻز
һʱ֮䣬ҿɲһĻŵһ߶ٿõѰܾһӱÿյġ
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ͼЩ߶ͱһɫâᴩʱɫأԴһ˿Ȼͻ㱣ƺ޷ϾֿɲĶ
ѤǹһʧѶʮʬѪأ磬ɲǼȥ
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߱ѪӪʱѰƳһִɱС桢СǽԱ𺳡
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ѰĿǰյ裬Ҳû취ȱ

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ɼˣѰδʹֹĵķŭɱ޷̵˴Ƥߡ

һ׷ϣѰһһ󣬳׼ʱ۶һ⣬һͨһԵڵء

Ǽ̶Хؼص
ڽʱУѰһȵˣ׷ɢӵ
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301 жĥ
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ʱѰȻ̧ͷλãս㣬鷳ѾˣٲɻҺܺĵġ
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½ƶоԼ񰸰ϵ㣬ֻ׸



302 
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߲ü˿ȴԵú侲һ˼֮󣬾ϡ


303 
߲üľϣһڸֽԶһ
ߴϵŷ֮һĳ߼ҵ棬ֻеŷ½ҲùԹԣ
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305 Χ ɽӡϡ
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Ҳζţӵ׵ɱУʱڱɱ
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߲ü첻ԣ˼ʲôһâ¶ϣһĨ޵
Щ䵱ֵĺӵձЩ޷ա
ǲۣԾһشĴܡ̲סֹ
һڣͼ߲üһԱȵӻѿǸ˻һڨڨҡֻǷɧѡ
߲üɧҿûٱ£óɧ
һ仰õЩֽԶɫ
˵Ļжʧˣǡע޷õҵԭ£
˵ʱ߲üŶֻһȺִǣɵۡ

ҹű
ãҾʲôҪɱң
ڰУһʡ
ϸһʮ꣬¹ʤѩݰףһǳüĴһӡԵڲͬ
ȻСţһɫʥ⣬Եóףʥӡ
꣬ȻӵСѪĳ߲ط棡
ֻǺͬʺһĿĵѪɫָۡ
ڶ棬һȽյķţ߲ط濴һȷţüһĨŭɫ
ǰÿݷʱ²ԸԼҲųԼ
ɵһݷʱ˵ͱһ߬סʺǰҹŮʱ֣ͱŤϲӣ
߲طȷһɲȷɱԼ֮࣬Ҳŭ޷һС
ѱҹŮң߲طɲģҪҪһʣ⾿Ϊʲô
Ҳֹɱ㣬ɱ㡣
յķУһ񾲡Įû˶
㡭Ȼɱҽ㣿
߲ط泹סòŷŭ⾿Ϊʲô϶ԭҺ𣿡
Ӧ
ΨǷŭںڰлص
ã㲻ңҾԼȥ飬֪ԭһְһнˣ
ã߲طһҧŤͷ󲽶ȥ
ʼգǽյķУûдһ˿
ͬڰҹűУһλ˶һյķУḧһƹŽСĺɫ׹
˵ɫרע桢ׯ֮ɫ
ǰıһս£Ҳһǿߣ
߼Сˡ
ȻһͳŴԵ
΢΢һЦС㣬ĳ֣Ѱ鷳
ǵģǱȻᷢ顣
ţС˼ˣһǰ̨һˣȥһǱƻ򣬺˭е
˵
鷳ˡ
鷳һʱ䣬Ѱţò˶ãͻϽˣóô˻ᣬȥһϢ
ȥһѲѾ֪飬򣬲ڽɱ˳߲ط档
ǲɣзһĨӣҲֻкѰص飬Ż㷴Ӧ
˵ʱ˽׹߳䡣

֮ϡ
ɫһ
Ǳ߲üǴӣҲǸ˴жָӡ
ѾӵԳ߲üָж
ֻǣյָѾȥʱ䣬ȴûһ˿йĿϢ
ǴȷĿ겢û뿪ӣ
ǵڴ;ֻҪĿ֣һʱ䱻֣ܴĿٴ͵͵ߵĿܡ
ѾҪĲˡ
Ǵа̾ʱУ˾ʣʣµҲѿҪ֧Ųס
öǴеǣʱȥٳٲĿÿ߶ýͲ־ĥµĵط
̬ƼȥֻԽԽأ
ô죿
ǴȻһĪչ



311 ʥ֮
УǴһĪչֻܽһش;š
죬ѰһֱںӵǱޡ
ƵȷأӢսһ·ը䲻ҪǿֲನҲô׳ܵġ
ѨУѰϥһܣһʰɫ󣬿
Խ֮ϤɱΪ֮ͷųɫҲûյù󣬷ͬ裬ݼһֳζ

һƬɫʰ쵵ȺˮѲӹѨʱԶشѰ£ǵѰߡ
ǵĸ֪У˿Ѱһ˵Ϣˮ֮ĸԴ̺żȻ
ⲢѰϢʶеġˮʥ顱
ǰѰѲˮʱʶеġˮʥ顱ƺдӳѵףһɡ
ɲ£Ѱ֪еˮУƺһصġˮ֮ǣţӿԼʶеˮʥ顣
һĻѰ֮࣬ҲʶԼһֱһ¡
ˮʥҪӳȻҪܿһָ
ҪˮУ
һ㣬ڽļУѰȻͷ֣Լʱʶеġˮʥ顱Ҳͬһֶصķʽ
ֻȡģˮ̺һġˮ
ѰϲǣЩˮձˮʥȡͨԼʱȴаԼļѪ⡢ǡอ硢Ѩϵÿһطȫϴһ顣
ѰԭܵˣҲõ˼޸
ԭҪʮ²ܳ޸ĴˣУͱ޸
׻ָҪԱǿһ
һУȻǰصġˮ͡
Ѱ֮û뿪һԣܷô˻ᣬáˮʥ顱ӳлָ
ֱֻȴ죬ˮʥͷųһɾʧˣС
Ѱһ˼뵽Ӧеġˮ̫Ѱ޷ˮʥ
ҲգԺһ̽ˮʥİҲ١
һţѰӴ۾峺ĺУһ˵Ĺ
һԭΧѲѵȺܵţһӵ
ЩȥҲ֪ЩǷ뿪ˡ
ѰӰһ뿪Ѩźӵף˳ˮеķǰʮأϢȥ

һƬϿȵشշꪲգʱɽԳŭƣݹড
ӴϿȱڶǧѩף龰״ն
ڴ֮ϣʮפأֻɫԵЩ޾ɡ
ģû㹻ĵҩ䣬ӱ˵ֻΪ᲻ˣ
ⶼȺˣ˵һëҲûѵһֱ֣ǾҪһӺ
Ǻǣ˵Щɨ˵飬̫ģҸǽһ£ռأΪ˪ھŰٶǰʱ˪ӵ׳һУŻص˺֮˭ܹܵõһ֡䡯
ļٵģ
飬ֻע⣬Ϊҵȴû˵
ǰ⴫˵Ҳ̫
Ͳˣг˵ǿޱȣ˵쾳һҲᱻ˲˺ɷ飡£˭ǰ̽Ѱ
ٺ٣𳶵ˣ˵Ǵ˵۹ĻŲ֪ж٣Ҳû˭ܹʲôԵˡ
ЩģԵúɢȻûע⵽ǲԶĴУ¶һ

䣬ǿƿڸţϸֱ棬Է֡
ҳӸ⴫˵϶ģ
һظģͻȻʺȻ飬һѪˮȻ¡
ɲǼ䣬һţ
ৣ
ͬʱѰӰˮгӰһĨɫ磬ִսչһɱ¾
Ƭ̣ѵʮʬѪѪޱȡ
һУѰȴûֹͣӰһͳһվɽ塣

żɽʯһ㣬ӰȻθʮɣͬʱսʧһð׹͵Ĵȡ
鹭
ָ⹴ѪϸңĿ⣬ңңɽĳһλá
ɡ
ѰһжնɽϣȻһঽУͼһĺӰ㳯ɸ߿֮ϳȥ
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ѰӰһֽ̽ʬץסһͷýݵķƵģƮƮڵϡ
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⣬ҲѰ˴γҪĿ꣬ʮɱߣֻǸƷѡ
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ˡ
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ĻеĻ漫׳Ǵиɽӽܹ
ܿ죬ѰͿӵطһȺһȺ߰ѿţûκοӱܵĿܡ
ͬʱڼԶĵطӢս߮ѲߣƬȫء
ѰüǣвֹӢսķӰΣǷֲڲֻͬҪԼһȻᱻһʱ
ţ
󣬹ĻʱѰȻע⵽ĻһͷӰԿٳԶӶݡ
ҲڴʱĻʧ
ڻɱͷӰεͬʱһжѱһͷӰβ
Ѱһжǰѵϵʬ嶼һһѹһ飬ȻӰһԾٶ˴Уʧ
¡¡
Ƭ̣һӢսѾӿзɶݶƬѲ߮ս˸ܵƣȻԴʱԷ
ͬʱƬ򸽽Ҳʼ½һȺһȺߣֻƾҲѰٲĿټ
գɫѿ뿴ǴУһһµжϣĿǱˮˣ

һֱ̫
ǡˮв䣬˭ô
˷𣬿һȴ޲ߣޱȵľõɫ࣬Ҫ衣
ֹƬ̣ǴҲѶ֪һУҲòѪɫˮ
ͷһͷӰʬ壬ڵķӰѱȡҲ²ⲻĿѾǵв֡
СһͷӰʬɫͬѿޱȡ
ԣǴֻԴ˵һң˶ˡ
̫Ѳˣ
˴εĿдڻѵڲ֮أֻ֪ߵһв֣һȫøֻᣬûĶǽͻϮ
ıƻЩصԻᱻĿһһƷ飡



312 ǿƳ
Խ룬ǴԽĻ䡣
ڽ˴ӵڻ֮ӢսҲɲóʧȥȴɱ֮ƾߵɿĿĶ֣
ˣǰǧϰٵ߿ǱĿɱɾѪɺӣ
ʼգûܹ赲Ŀ꣡
ټϽЩļõ߶־ĥ˳֮£ʲôĿս
Ǵɣһ̾һġսʦǧǰֻ¶Ťת档
ͷǰϢʮ֮ľݵ㣬ĿͻϮķʽ٣ǵʮͬԶһ
ԶԶأ͵һУⲻһجģöǴСԼߵһ߽Զɫ䡣
ŸչȥãĿ꾹ֿʼжˣ
ɺޣ
ΪʲôûץסӢսɱ
ϻûĿͻϮ˭֪ֻúεȷʽͻϮӢսǿ󣬵Ҳ˲Ŀɣ
Ǹô죿
˽סŭйĵľͷֳ꣬ձûҳӡ
Ǵ˿жϳԼƲǰ㣬ĿǴҪ͵ϮķʽΪڻǵĲһһƣ
뵽⣬ǴһЪ˹ŭ𣺡ӱ죡ȥ֪ͨ;ֲٳ߻ۣ
£չж
ͷôĻĿֻӺӵǱУͿɰǵ׷ɱ
СѣҪô𣿡
ǴɫɬӢսͷӰμĿټɣʧ̫ˡ
С̾˿ٶ˵
ֱҹ౻ڴ;½Ǵǻۡ
ֻǵʱǴֻ춼ƺǰһѣ̲סȳһѪ
İһʮţ
ϼǿʼֱ񣬼ӢսϵһЩͬڣ߾Ȼͽֻʣİˣ
ǧӢսʺװȴȻȻ䵽ز
Ǵɬ͸˵ķһеģֻһʮꡭ˭ţ˭󣿡
СҲݣԶԡ
ٿߣһҲ־ʧǣǱ״ˣѰУٲȻѳΪһ޷սʤĶħǸеǰδе;塣
ʱ˵ǺѰսֻµѰʱǾͻᱻŵúȻɢ֮زز
ԶǴ۵ףõؿڱƵֱ
ô죿
ʵǴ˴𰸣ֻһ߲üȴԥ
ҪҪˣ

ҹѰӺϢӳһĨӰԶȥ
ûãһƬտĵش֣һаɳӢսͣ
ԶԶȥһͷڴߡ
ᡭǰ
ڵҹɫУѰһѾȺʱյȵӢսͣ
ⲢѪľٶѰӢսɶĸʱҪͣ¯бľĸߵ龧һ޷ʱһ㣬սͻʧȥû˳һӿ׹䣡
ಣ
ѰܿӢսβһԾսװϣҹɫ£飬˸ǰС
ӢսѰʵ̫ϤˣԭƣĿܻİ
ȻһӰһս߳ɻѰͱһֻŤϣϢ൹¡
һУѰٶǰʮɣһװǰͣ£һţͨҡ
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ջеľϣ練ƣѴ֮
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ѰһӰ˽ȥǱ򿪵ĲҲٴαϡ
һƬڰ߰أѰ̽һ£ֲӢսġ̡ʱԱǲһĨɹЦЩ߿湻ġ
ԭУӢսͣʱһҪģһֶط̡һ¾еǱңҲ޷ӢսҲԷֹӢս˽ʹá
ɺȻ˴μԦӢսߣϸڡ
ߣǴŸûϻܹ׾ٵش򿪲ϵĻأǱң
ٶ룬ѰȻսսĿõĮû¶ȣƿ˲һŻ
һŻͨոء
Ѱû´ԦӢսһ߾С
һյʱ
Ѱزң𣬶ڴոصÿȴһ߾ʬ壬Ѫ
ڸֵҽˡ
Ѱڡ̡ǰ䣬͸һĨ
ƵӢսȴԸɥ
ҲʱԦԼƷһˣ

С£ǲͳɡ
ĿãǴһһٵؼ仰
жŵһʯͷ˵仰֮󣬶Ǵһɡ
ҲһĪʧȻ
ͷ߻Ӣսء
Сһû뵽Ǵڴ˿ѡˣʲô
䣬ҲζŴ˴жʧܣ
Ǳ߲ü֪һĲ˵ľǶǴ
ˣЩӢսѾ˺ĸߵ龧ò˶ãͻɸΪ֮ľ棬ʱĿˣʲôã
ǴҪǣĿȻ֪ӢսĴڣðȻ
ͷ
С»Ҫ˵ʲôȴǴִϣôɣսʱѾˣȥҲֻýԽԽ
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СȻһ̾ٲʣҲֻܴӦ
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ȻڶǴС´㷢ʱԶУȻһ羪װĺ
˶̧ۿȥͼһӢսڿնںҹһգԵ˴ۡ
ѵĿˣ
ǴСµ˽Զһ
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ͷǷĿټʱ˿ɲǡ
Сʵ
Ǿ͡ٵȵȰɡ
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СָԶ˷˵
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ǹɱķ򣬾ȻеһӢսʱȫ˶סˣԭ⡢Ρȡ˷ܵɫ̣Ŀࡣ
⡭ô£


313 
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䣡
һ춯صľ죬ӢսӲһŨ̹Уһͷ
ӳڶǴСµһϣܹɫͣͫţһŵģ
Լ˴Լˣ
ֵһ
¡һӢս׹أը̻ڣ̡
ӹɣӢսϵ߱Ȼ֮٣
һҲеĶǴ˴ѹԶɫ䣬һš
ô
⾿ô£
ǿӢսһң͵ʧʮң
һ̣ǴҲЩ£㲻״
ͷ֣ԶĵطһӢսǲ˸ղŵľҶ
ˡ
ͬʱǵһҳֵӢսսڣ貵ĹӿŷܵͼԵҫۡ
ã
Ǵпһ
䣡
һںԶӢսûŪҲصޣݺݻУպȻ׹䡣
ͷԾ
Сŭ
òˣӢս϶Ŀٳˣ
Ǵɫ粻ʱ쳣ԴǿɾĴˡ
ʲôĿٳ֣
٣ǿӢս麣ǿ߶䲻ܱĿٳˣ
УҪԦӢսҪһ׶صطĿղӢսİ취
𣬱һı仯£о綼òʵ˼顣
ȷ̫˼ǶԣӢսĿǰĴɱ
񵹺ãӲٵңһҲĿƿأ˭ܹܣ
ͷڿô죿
С½١
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С´УĶڵѪ
ͼǴ۵һ³һѪɫȻɷޱȣ˫޹⡣
ˣˣٲߣǶ١
Ǵɳƣʧȥȫ֪˴ܵĴε֮
ˣϽˣ
С³ŭ
һѶ־ԣʱȻӴܣŲ·ֱɥ֮Ȯһ
ͬʱСҲǴ񷢷һԶĺҹȥ
֪һжڳ군ˣ޻תأ֮ȱģѲҪ

ϣѰԦӢսһֻɵһնĹ켣Ѳ߮
ǡ̡УѶȿԣʹָݡ
û취˭ӢսƵģ
˵ⱦÿһطĲãÿһͼ;Լ¯߱ȫѰƶڲӢսʱ֮죬֮Ŀɿڴ
ӢսƵĺѰĿмǰӣûãҰоסµĿꡣ
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ѰǣԷѲ˲ԾһԼԦӢսչ˹
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Ѱɫ侲ɿսڻܣһμԦսͶɱȴη塣
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ͼѰԦӢսֱͬһֻ裬оյرܿһܼһĹ켣
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ǵģҲǵһοܹӢսݵز
֮ԱȣǵĲֶμֱӲ֮
죡ȫ𣡡
ģӢս˭ڲٿأ
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Ӣսϵ߳׻ˣͺһԴĶߣһֱ߮ţȴһ
սϣȡʲôսʼգûиԷκ˺
ŲϹǵս˴ĸߵ龧
ûãһӢսϣһ߼еˣʣһߵ龧Ǳ̽䣬սͻʧȥӿˤȥ
һ仰ս߻һ׹ߡ
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кڻ񳤱һ㣬ںҹϣԶһߵӢսҲС
һ˲ѣӢսѱñըպȻ׹䡣
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ֻǣȫ͹ѰͣڻٵһӢսͬʱѲսлһŶյĹ켣һŲƣͳ׷ȥ
գѰѾõǿڻ𹥻£һӢսҲױٵ
һĻ⣬Լڵḷ́ѰԺкȻСŮ䣬λضĸףԼһұӢսڻ֮µ󳵡
ǵĳҰǱˣ밲Ϣɡ
Ѱૣɫž˵ĳˣı֮·Ÿոտʼ
˵˾
ܹ˳Ͻǣ

һԼΧжһʼעô׽
˱ĳ߼ҡԼ߼ұܴڵӴĻף
Ϊ˱Ϊ˲ҳҪֹԼǰϽǵ࣬Ѱע׷һγޡ
ΡΡ
УһѰһһ̾СļԦս콵档
飡
򿪲ţѰӰһͳԶĺҹȥ
Ӣսȷһ˲ıֵ޷źǣսеĸߵ龧ѱٺľıԵ޷ٳá
ѰҲֻܽ
֮ǰѽսһмֵĶȫѹߣҽսĵ¯Ҳƻ
¾ǱһȥѴʱ;ܱ޸
ড
ںҹУȻѰ㣬̧ͷȥͼһͷӰӿնȥ
ѰǷһĨЦ⣬سǷӰλ˻֣ջĿ⣬ٶȳǰȥ



314 粨
ϽǣϵլۡС
飡飡飡
յķУһƷݺʱзŭ
ڷ߻£ľӸղŴǰߵϢ֮󣬷о˺Ȼ
ǧߣֻʣ˻ţֱһȺ
ǶǴֱɱ
У˭ܸСٳһӢսȫս
ȫµӢսһҶֵʮңǮҲ򲻵ϡ񡭡شģȫˣ˭ܳе𣿡
ɺޣ
УЩ䵱ֵĺӵܷŭײ̬ղõϢ̼
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ֻҪͶãѰͲŴײһЩõĶ



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һ˵ʵżһıܹ۵ģѾѼЩǶϲܸģҲһЩСá

˵ţӰһͳǰȥ
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ܹǣԣǵʱɶõҩһ̷ֻһţٶûʲôˡ
ǰצһӣһСŵĶʮĿͱߢѰ
ѰæóһƿСĽЩװзӡСֽС
ǰûãһͷһƬܼεɫˮʱצһͭǮСͨӨ󷢹ɫʯ
ϾеʦӦûϲ˵սװʱϴóԱԣȴ޼ֵԡ
˵ţֶƵĶѰ
Ѱȴ֮ϾⱦǺֻͭǮһС飬ɼֵȴ
ΪսװʱֻӴĥһЩ۳һ죬ܴսװĳɹᣡ
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ʱѰѾ뿪һֿ״̬ʲôܱϹżѰ˿ģ
оֱ̫˳ˣ



317 Ȼ
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תˮӿɲ˺һ˲ͽѰͬһ𣬾С
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ԭһѾɱĵزˡ
ͷԺʱѰֻǰһڣ类һֻδקסʧããС


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źǣѾҲֻܵԺлʹˡ



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Ѱɫ両һĨ˲̾ŷˣʧȥ˶ʱעΪеʳ˭ҧһڣٺݺݲһţ޲ʹ˸ĻᣬЩֶԣ⣬ȻϣĽ


320 ָ췭ظ
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֮̾أҲǸ׺ĸĵطʱʮ꣬Լڻˣ
Żϴķϣͼһʮɵʯ·ƣͨ嶥
ڵ·࣬дµĹϵйɫ̨ͤ¥Ҳިݣ򰾢
ʱʱܿȪï֣ҹɫ¹Ӧ£ʢ续ɾ
ү룡
ǰ·ӼѰĵһۣ֪ԲΪѰʱľʵ̫񣬸αװ˵ġ
ѰһǰУһߴܡ
͵ҾУ˸ճʱұ㱻峤үǲ£һΣѾȥʮˡ
п
ѰĿֱܻҲҲĪҪүѰɡ
ȴһҡͷүҹ治ɸģ
ѰΣתƻϴķϣֻʣһˣ
ɫʱȻȻ¡
ѰˣҼ򣬵ҲӽԺҾͻһϴķ壬кܶһ˽⣬ܹһһ֪ҡ
Ҷʱһ񣬺ݺݵͷ·ҵĹǡ
ɽǰɣִɽ֮ʱһ󻶸ЦԶھ׵ҹɫԵ̶
ѰһͼɽһֺΡĹϽУʱȴǵƻͨǴд
֮ǰѽܹɽĴΪϴĵռʮĶΨ峤һֱϵʸڴС
ڣϴĵȴƻͨЦﲻϣطͻȣԵü֮ͻأ
үּ֧үСںǾۻᣬǰҲɡ
æͣ˵ȴֹɫ䡣
ǸͲںԲԣ
Ѱͫ΢УҼǵãʮǰּ˶ѴϴķаߣΪЩүСȴǰ
ҿɬһЦүջ״
ѰϵҲȸңЩүСʸϴĵ֣
ҺԥȻûУ
ѰǷһĨЦ⣬䣬˾ͺá˵ţ󲽳ϴĵȥ
ղ֪̽ϴĵԼĪʮŮеĸ˵ƣŮұףŪɧټϴĵ
ѰǲοƼŮȺ¥֮ء
ǰһȻѰûϵȻ֪Լ񷴸̤ϽǣϴķϣѾ˳еһе׼
ôǰ£ȻбҪȥһܣ
үҪʲô
һ£ɫ䣬ʶʲôæ׷ȥү򲻿ɣ
䣡
ȴѰϴĵǰһ߿ǽյĴš
ʹλﲻ˵Ͻǣ;Լָ췭ظ
Ȼˣȴ¿


322 
䣡
ű߿絹룬һֵŮɫһ䣬ͣж
ȻǻΪеϮ
ЦǣһſһŮǷظϿУһĻŵûһ£鲻ԽҧŮӷһҽС
ѰĿһɨǽ壬һŮԻ˵ʮ㡣
ԭֺׯһӲ
Ѱɫ˽ȥ
ʱŶȴһʮĵʱһŮ¶ŭݣ
Сӣôּϴķ壡
ɺޣĿͽ
ңӹϼһɣͷ˽ϴķ壿лûйأ
ѰɫţԱߵȴͷ󺹣æͣλүС㣬λǡ
죬ͣ
ͼһŮƺŭȳѰ˶ּңⱣл
˵ţ̧һƳѰȥ
ʲôţ
ˣԳּݣʲôˣȻôȴ˵
ž
ɻǺŮӿѰһƳȥŮһҽУɳȥˤ߻أͷɢһ˲׳ɰӡ
ɱˣɱˣ
ŮӶϼУֱøһ

һİϵһνӳͷͳѰնȥ磬Ҳʮ㡣
Ѱ˷̽ξסԷĳһӸ
ͼ͵ع𣬱߷ȻֺݺˤڵϣֻƵſڵϣ۵ɫŤֱۣزҽвѡ
ղŻŭеĴˣĿһĻʱʱѰǸɴǿֶ壬ŵû£˴룬ʶѲ١
ʶЩԾѰĿҲˣһĨɺͼɵ
˳ٶ۵ķӦѰҡͷĵɱѴܹ֮ȫˡ
ǻʲôְ
ǺŮӼУͷɢպףŭģɥʧǡ
ȴҶѰᣬ߽֮󲻷һսֶοǼǿƣ֮
ȴѰ΢΢һЦǺŮȥ
㡭Ҫʲô
ŮӼУѰЦȴеһԵĿ־塣
ҲλСǣ
Ѱδ֣ʵ
үУүý񽿡
Զæ˵
ү
ý㣿
˽ԶɻһѵҲּˣΪδ
Ŷԭý㡣
ѰЦЦ䣬ǺŮ񽿣֪йأ
񽿴ʱҲЩ£ϻΪּˣ֪ܲأ
Ѱ˼ô˵ʵͿȻˣǾͺðˡ
˵ţ̽һץСƵİ۰һ˦
˺ȻһƯĻߣű׷ɳ˴
ȫ£û뵽ѰһԲϾͶ֣
ˣҪɱ㣬ɱ㣡
⣬ļС
Ƿɱңڣùڴ⣬ãҲһʾ
ѰڣղŰƽȴӿһɿֲƥơ
·ɲǼ䣬һˣü絶磬һһֻ籩ϯɽӵơ
ɲǼ䣬ţ˽⣬Ϊ֮һϣܵһֲִ
Ǵ񽿣ԭѷŭ񣬿ɵѰǿɲʱ类һˮɷף׹ߣܵһΣա
Ȼˣ
ֱӸһ˿ԥͻȻֵ꣬ԻһʱɱԼ
ѰЩʬɽѪɱĥ³ƣѰ
˵Щ˵үС㣬ЩͨսˣҲᱻ嵽
ʱڴһң񲻽һ㱣ʶʮǰ߱ԴүǵûΪˣ෴ӵԶѰǿ
ѻȸԶѰ㡣
˵ģվ
ѰĿһɨЩŮȻ
¾Ůվ˳һݲҵɪɪͷֱѰ
˭
Ѱʡ
ɫһĨΣԥүǡ¥Ůӡ
ѰŶһֵҲ뿪ˣøıֺظǡ
ǡ
æͷӦ
ʱһ֬ϢӻվϸϸҡҲˡ
Ѱһӿ̫ˣֹ̬ŮˣͶ¶ϢŮûʲô
ѰҲһ˿񺮣òǴ˵еġסɣ
үүġг衣
ҵһ䡣
Ѱʱע⵽һ۵ɫòȻȻνġү
Ҳ뿪
Ѱ˻֣ȴһ̾ҹּӵܣһݾƣֹ¥Ů˻죬Ūг裬ֱ
ܿ죬ҾʹЩ¥ŮӺг뿪
ֻʣŮԼڴ񽿡
Ѱڴ룬һԲõձԽԽƣЩŮԶ촭
ǣҲڴߣã
գѰϣƽڡ
ʱЩŮԶɫ䣬ƺԼ䡣
㲻Ҫ̫֣ϴķ壬ּҵĵ̣峤֪ɣ
̲סУɫ
ǰʲôʸǣ
ҲŽ¡
Ѱ΢΢һЦƾʲô
ȻӰһǰƬ̣ͽһŮһһѹ׷ɳ⣬ڵϲҽвѡ
ʼգһ˿ԥݣҲǿͬΪ˵ϣѰڽʱʹɱˡ
¡
赭д֣ЩҽвѵŮʱħԣǻ£
һ﾿˭
ô˶Դǣ
ѵ治
ϴķ壡
ּҵĵ̰
ٷŭͿ־壬ѰӰӴһʱǻһ翴ڳԼԶæ򵹡
ѰֹĿЩһһɨһʧЩһĻװдЩһʲôó
ҽѰӽϴķƹܡ
Ѱƽڡ
ʲô
˻һһŮȫ¶֮ɫһ˵ʲô˵Ҫӹϴķ壿
ƣ
¾ǵּܵشֱϽУҲûĸܹȾָϴķ塣
һͻȻȴҪּҵĵ̣ܲƣ
Ѱ˵ʱɫ֮棬Ƕһǲӽˮķӣ



323 ٹ
ЩŮѰƣ䲻мЦȴҶԡ
Ѱò¾֪ЩһʲôٶͣһҲ˵ġ
һȺ˵ӵܶѣѰû˼ǰ֤ԼĴڡ
ôֻͨЩּӵܵ죬ԼϴķϢȥ
Щȫ֪£
ѰҪʱ򾿾жԼ
ûãҷһصӰɫ䲻һĨǣղδ˵ʲô
Ѿλү֮ô⣬ԲѪͷðʧ֮١
ҵһ̤ϴķ壬ҲΪǣھͷߣԺҪϴķ壬͵ȾҵͬС
Ѱ˻֣ת߽
ЩŮЩѰô׷ŹǣֱѰӰʧϴĵڸȷġ
ߣ
ЩŮһǻҴҶȥ
ҪѽгһʮСӶѣҪƹϴķ壬ֱòͷˣ
ֱϴķײȻһʵңСӾ˭
˻һҲ͵طӦǰʱǻѰݣ
Ҳǣ֮ǰѰܲʣ򵥴ֱһͨ򣬰ЩŮˣĻ˼顣
λүС㣬λҼľĸ૑ĶѰ
ҴһĨ˵
ʲô
ľĶӣʱѾˣ
ңûи
ֲҿЩ죬ܸо
ЩŮȻԱϢ𾪡
Ǽ׷ңȷϣʼնޱȿ϶ѰľĶӡ
ЩŮнԶӿһɲĸо
˵֮ǰǴȥ򳤱״Ϊ˱Ѱô˿̣ʶ̬Щأ
̽¸֮г
ܿ죬ЩŮԴҴ뿪

Уһǽ壬أǺǵľ
ѰһϣĿ룬ɫ¡
֪һ̣ԭӦø˵ģʵǣһҲ˲
̫ˣ
һѪȲҰøľɱĸ૑ʧ٣һֱϵҲһ档
֣һ׵ˣֻ֪һصĵͳͨ콣ڡ
֮⣬
ˣҲˣʵǲпģΪһѪ飬Ⱥ׵ּҾʹ⻼Ĵ
գּұඥ룬ӵеͲҵϷ֣û˥ܡ
ԭһжѰûϵ
ɵ̤Ͻһ̣Ѱ֪Լ벻룬ΪľĶӣԼȥеһЩ飡
˵ףȥʱͻᷢأǧͷѰ޴ֵĸо
Ӳ飬һӴһɽ߳꣬ϽĵϵᣬȻʸơŷ֮ɽʮ֮һϴķ壡
ϵı仯ѰҲȷʴµݡ
ͺñһͷؤͻȻһ챻ϳǻʵ۵ӣǿҵķ˭ܺܿӦ
ȻѰּƶӵܶԣֱһޱȵϮͲ÷ܶһӾͳŷӵܣǵϵѪף˭ۣܲ
û䣬ձ󣬹һŷӵܵݣܹӵеģ
૑ɫһٶùԿ˵һɵҪľһʱȴ⵽ּ˵һ·ԡ
ΪΣ
ܼ򵥣Ϊ૑ײ㺮ţϣΪʸľһ
ֻǣΨѰԼּҼ̳˵Ĵ֮ȺͲա
пܣԼˣ
ݹʣ
в֪жٵڻԼأ
λһ죿
Ц
ּЩˣֻ¶Լ˳ϴķ壬̸һ죿
˵һ˵ѰҪеѹڼϵΣҪٵΣպѾԳ
һŲͿǷǵ³
յĴصǽ壬Ѿʮ꣬¡
Ͻǣ㾡ָ췭ظ
ԺУһӡһ׻ż㣬ԼżһּȻһλʹеش
ĪأѰһ˿
ϽУкܶ˶ΪͺʥŲٹϵȻˣǾǼȥҲ޷
ܿ죬Ѱ˺ʥλ˵ĻѲⷺһĨȡ
ʲô裬ӽҾһ췭ظǿ
ѰૣԭĵͳľѱһĨȻᶨ־ȡ

ûãѷأѰԷ£Ҳ˵һйּҵ״ɡ
׼⣬һ˼⣬Ϳ渵
Ѱ֪ԭǰּҺȻҲǵ۹Ͻеһϵŷң֪ߴϵŷУ
һŷı׼ܼ򵥣ֻһǾǷ
ʱּһλֵ棬һλ۹ߡ
ֻǺֵȴսսʱ䣬˺ڰͥһλֲС
ӴԺּԪ𣬴ϵŷ֮УеŷУεǣδٵһλߡ
ˣּӵеȨƣҲһеŷɱȣǽߴϵŷĶ
꣬Ҳƽ˾ּȨ䲻ػϵŷ֮УҲδ˥ܡ
ֱʮǰּһѪ鷢ּҵ׷ı䡣
峤ַһֱϵȫѣȺ֮£ּҵϷ֣ʹ˵͹ȡ
ʱּӵеǿֻµŷУеŷˡ
Ѱ⣬Ҳʧ䣬ǰּһһϵŷȨ죬ӵ
ȴ˥û䵽ǿֻµŷĵزνһǧɣҫ档
ߴŷȣּңȷư̫ܵˡ
ܿ죬ѰʵҲּʲô
ͳڻУɫдһĨ˸֮ɫѪ鷢峤үһͼȫѣֻʣ֧ϵˡ
ԭּҹ֧ѰүүַһֱϵףһֱƿȨ
֮⣬֧ϵˣַĸܵܵᣬԼסԶ
Ǵ壬ֱ࣬ϵϵס׵ȵȵȵȣ಻ʤ
ڷѪ¼ּ֧֮ϵˣ׷״ϴķϰǨ뿪ϽжӣϻּˣʵϣѾ׷ѳĸΪ
⣬Ѱüץסһؼ⣬Ĵ֧ΪȨϧ͵˺һϷּҵĻҵѬĵļһĴϴķϰߣ
ϴķ壡
ǡŷ֮ɽʮ֮һһŷϵҫ͵λ˭ĻȱأȥѰµ֮أ
п϶ԭ


324  ؽԿ
¶һĨү֮⣬ּ˸ûʸռϴķ壡
ܿ죬ѰףԵ۹ҵչˡ
ǰּǿֵΪ۹սȴ۹ɹһֻ
ǣ۹Գ棬䲼ּ⣬ϴķȨֵһĵϵᣡ
Ѱүүֵַĳӣ丸ľֵĳ
ڱ϶ԣѰֵĵϵ
ʮǰѪ¼УֵһĵϵἸȫյһּ⣬ѰҲͳΨһʸӵϴķѡ
֧ˣΪûʣڵѪ¼֮ǲԸ⣬Ҳòϴķ塣
ճԣֵһĵϵἸȥѰеӤҲΪܴϴķӦñߵġ
ֵǣ۹Ҳδõϴķһֱ񣬲ߡ
ѵǵ֪Ҳûȥ
Ѱ
Щһֱϴķ壬Ҳ֮ɻ󣬼ѰѯʣпܣЩ꣬ʱĺȻһ죬ϴķͱߣֱүҲ飬ƶϣ۹ǱߣƺԤϵгһգؽء
ѰȻλʹĴ᲻
ܿ죬Ѱҡͷ
ĿǰҪҪǣϴķɹ壬㹻ˡ
Ҳһ¡
Ѱɫ֣ء
Ҷʱֱү޷ūص֪޲ԣ޲
Ѱ΢΢ǰ㣬䣬ң⸴壬øôӺδ֣
һɫЩɺܿ侲ɬүϴķϣֻˣҪ¼ǲܵġ
Ѱ״ѰΨһʸ̳ϴķĺᣬʵ̫ᣬʮѣҹһˣ̸ι⸴ּң
οּĸ֧ˣ϶Ĺ˳
෴ҿ϶Щϵ˵֪ѰأҪϴķȨ峤ʱȻưոݣ
̫˽ЩϵˣѪ¼һΪȨϧ˽ּͨҳڶԭӵеͲҵҲϷֵһɶ
ˣɿѰϴķ壿
οЩϷּҲҵֻҲῴѰˡ
ǣ
⻼
ټѰ٣һˣƵ֮ҪͳּңǼֱȵ컹ѣ
˲䣬Ѱ֪ҲǴԼΪԼĿǰִּ߱ҵ͡
Ѱü
ԼҲԼĿǰȱˡȱǮȱԶһۺʱҪ⸴ּңȷء
ǣȻˣɿ޶ԣ
ѣԼˣ
ּ˥ܣգٲֻҪԼһȥվתǬϣ
ǻ̾ʹϽǹ
ȻѰԸȻʹ䡣
Ҳȸңˣпܻ䣬ǲһһӣ
ѰĿᶨ
ɫòòҧˣūʮùӲдǲ峤үµϴķ屻ռݣūѸȻүҪһѣūͻϹͷһƴһΣ
ϡ
Ѱʱ΢΢һЦҼ򣬵Ҳģһˣ񣬻û˵⣡
үȰڣĿǰҪĵһ£ȫ˽ּĿǰ״
ΨȽڻǲȥԿУ
ҵĽ顣
Ѱһ˼⣬ҲͷԲ顣
ȻսϽǣһѣȽڻ
ֻҪ͵ס˸վ˽ŲȾȥ游ĸ˱Ǽֱǳ롣
Ϊ˽һ˽ּ״ҴѰ뿪ϴĵ


ϴķ壬ɽ
ؾ
߲ߵĹϽԡɫǻ¡
ּҲɵ伮ĵطĺĽأ߲ߵĽУռּҴǧй
ּңϵŷ֮һȨ죬֪䴫ее伮ֺ֮ˡ
ؾҲԳһŷĵ֮ǿ
ֻǵѰҴ½ʱȴ֣ټĲؾУһɢһأܲҳѻ
ֱһȺǿϴһ飬˵е伮һֽмҲ
үؾ¥߲㣬ּ汲Ѫصĵ伮Ǻ̺ţ䶰
ͳɫӵɨǿյҳĴ
һ㣬ͲŸе伮ǧಿսؼһǧŰಿ
ڵѪ¼Щֵĵ伮ˡ
ɬ͸ޱȵįѹ
Ѱɨãû˵ֻ˫ʶȻһ¡
˵ţҴѰϲؾ㡣
үڶһǧٲе伮Լսؼ߰ಿ
ڶ㣬ͬһܣҳĴɼЩطսĺۼѪգһǽ塣
ߣȥ㡣
ѰĬĬãһջĿ⡣
ҴѰһϣһ⣬ȫյģ䲻
ֱ߲㣬ҵɫѱįѹ֮ӿƺѿҪ
ֻȼܡ
ȴǲؾһһĽأּңǺûʸ̤У
үصּĴر߲֮⣬汲µʮĲĵãмĺĴУ
˵һλҷʧȥȫɫȻ֮
ѰǣҲǿҪ̲סһɼڳŭ
㱼䣬·𿴼һȺһȺĵˣ޾̰Ϳϲؾдӡ
ǿɶּ汲ѾѪռĵ伮ּҵ֮ȫϴһգ
꣡
Ѱ˫ֽ߬ȭָΪ죬ֱϵ֮
ȻѰԼȴƻȻӿȼſɲĻ档
ֱãѰȻջĿ⣬²ؽ
ٿȥĿƲסĵŭһּ汲ŻѪ͵б⣬ΪһѪ¼׻ˣ
¾һˣ龰ҲػϧοѰּҵϵ᣿
Ҳ֪Щ伮ģЩˣ
֪
ãһһҼܴ©һ
үģūЩͽ
߳ؾѰһʼһЩ¡
˵⣬Ȼһ£ϴٲؾģǷ֧ϵˣ
һһɫá
ʣѰѾ֪˴𰸣һӱñ䣬ȴЦãܺã
ЦݣӶ䣬޸顣
ԱߵĪһ䣬˸顣


325 Ϫ
ִѰźɽǰУһء鱦⡣
ص鱦Уԭͼ˼½׶ӦоС
аǹꪡṳȲͬҲлס硢սѥľȵװ֮
սȵɲĴɱ
ȴǿյġ
Ѱ鱦߳ʱɫ䲻仯ɻȴ͸һɿɲɱ⡣
Ʋס
һ룬һλе۹ϵŷĶص鱦ֵûεȾ
ȫϴһգ
ѰľѱĥļʯֻѪˣǱּҵڿһĻֻҲĿ
鱦뿪Ѱֱǰ¥޳ءҩԷȵּҵĺĽء
һ⣬ڵһмֵıȫɨһգɸɾ
ֱ󣬵ѰطϴĵʱǳĬһܣ˿·û
⣬ǳ貣¸⾲ס
ɴȻ꣬ľȴӿþòƽϢ
ܹԤϵּ˥֮ȴû뵽ټϴķϣᱻϴٳģ
ֻʣһѿյķݺͰ裬֮⣬ûκмֵĶ
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СüҪ˵ʲôȴѰ̹٣ɣ޺֮ǣ
˵ţ൶ߵǰ¶һĨ΢ЦģҲɱġ
˵ȴ䣬ն˳ֻƣɲǼѪȪ䡣
۵÷Уˣˣ߼ҾԲŹ㣬ҷģ
ԣСüͷЩǡ
ȴѰųŤգЦеŲ֪ǰϽǵ·ϣɱ˳߼ɳǧߣشٵ˳߼ҵӢսˣ߲طСӶܵҪɱң񻹻úúõġ
˶٣Ѱʵڣһ³߼ҵı𣿡



329 ħ
֮ǰСشǻͷ顣
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ķ䣬ѰС޵˼£˴ܹؽ˻ĥ
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ʼţǵ߲ط֣ûκѰʱʱͻˡ
ΪҲ˵죬߲طҪԸһʱƻİţձ߼Ҵ˽գ
Ѱ棬߲طҪԸģǰꣿ
뵽⣬ĳױɫҵ˫Ŀնϵƺˡ
ֲСӸ޼ɵĳ֣ԭҲһͷĺݽɫ
СѰ˵һʱҲסСǰϽ֮ǰɳô£
߼ΪҪɳԸ
Ϊλʱ̣Ͻǣûٽб
СʶбȻԭ
ȴѰ·ûвɫı仯΢Ц˵ȻҲԲţⶼҪֻҪ֪Ҷԣɱһܼ򵥵顣
ɫͿնʧǣһĻ䳹Եģ
ȻȻһ˵ô࣬Ȼûдʱɱ㡣
ϫ仰ȴСһ⡣
ǳ󶼲һ𣬿նͫһĨɡ
أԲţΪѰڹĥ˻ɳƵ滨Ҫɱɱһüͷ͸գ
Ѱ΢΢һЦڳ㵵ĿУֽؿʼơ
죬ȰֹѪȻóҩͿĨһòס
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û˵꣬类ݺһƹԴըˣ
СӲɱǺģҪҾأ
һ룬һˣ޼ֵԣ߼¾ǲϣԺʲô
ʧȥ֮עΪһͷβС󣬹Ӳд˼̤ڽ£
Խ룬оԽ־壬ǰ꾿ʲôˣĳ˶񶾣
ֱһħ
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СʱվûסѰôһŭ
ģ߼ҪҾˡ
ѰЦ㣬ʲôѳ󣺡˸㣬ԺҪңֱǰŷ֮ɽʮ֮һġϴķ塯ҾУԺҾǵˣܺҡ
ŷ֮ɽ
ϴķ壡
ǰһƬҰĶˣԭԭһﾹҲһŷӵܣ
ԣ
͵ϴķּʮǰû˥ܣǿֻһµŷѣƾʲôֵҺͳ߼ҽа壿
ޣ˵ô࣬ԭһٻƭӣ
Ц
ѰЦƭˣûа˼߰ɣӭų߼ҵǰϴķ屨𡣡
ѰţɫһãһҧǿŻǵسȥ
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һȻĴһ˿ϣΪ߼һΪﱨҲԣ˻ţ͵øԼһЩϣҲûʲô𡣡
ѰЦŸпһ䡣
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Сü両һĨΣתȥȥգһһ뿪
뿪ȥģ
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ǳô粨Ͻɻ֮أȻжԶӶԶ
Сڵ
Ѱһ˲ˣףСڵԳ߼ҵı
һ߱ѪӪʱС̹ǺεӢˬ
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ֱڣɱһȺĶѣѡҪ뿪Ͻǡ
ѰĲζҲνŷѰ˶ζʲô
С涼ָֻοˣ
̳߼ҵȨƣʵԶԶСĳ˺޼ɣ޷죿
̹٣һ취ǶϽǡ
Ѱ˵
ѾСԼ䲻Ը뿪ǳɧţҲ̰֮á
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СĿֱѰ
ѰԴεû취ҳէ¼ҹһҪЩ˲¹ͷϼһǶԿвͨ
һĿȻԣֶֻܾεκοõԴ˵סϴķˣסСѡ
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ѰЦȷʵˡ
ȻЩĻ䣬ʶһ⣬С̹ٸԼһϴķ壬ǲ̫˽ˡ
Ҫ֪һԼվͬһӪҪٵգɱɱҪհٱǧֹ
ȸ
С沢δֱӾܾǴѰ߳վӣŽ߹հ˹յǰһյʱ䣬߽һλƫƧͥԺ
ͥԺģһŨïܵĹ
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һͷҰ׳Ӳ԰׼͸ģ缲һּĸо
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УಡĲ԰ףѰһλӲĿˣ
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ŶС棬¶һĨºЦݣͳ糿ĺģһֶص
ֻǵѰʱ΢΢һü˻ɱ⣬ȾѪĪǸղɱˣ
ʶʲôһԳγտȻŲƣС棬ԴпƲⲻѾǸ󳹵˺˰ɣ
ѰһĶ
һ۶ѣжϳ˶ණûзḻǻۣɸ޷쵽
ʱѰٲ˿СģƣɵȻҲһλĴڡ


330 ϲ
Сһδ񶨡
ЦЦΪˣ㲻طϣҿûˣ飬Ҳᷢ顣
Ѱһ³ױˣʲôдǽ֮䣬ͰѸղŷ˸߰˰ˣֱˡ
ȴСתƻգѰǰ˳߱ѪӪҵѧԱ֮һ
գ
ԭվӵϰ壡
Ѱǰǰ
΢΢һЦضܹҵȻָ㣬ȻˣǱ㲻ˡ
Ѱʱпǰ棬벻С
ЦЦѷҰɡ
Ѱ߽һöɫó˹ȥ
ĦŷһĨԣ˵Դ˷ҵȻ˵˵ɣҪҰʲô
ѰڣСǰѰĴһһ֮ա
꣬վ¶һĨׯ֮ɫû뵽㾹ǵĵ׺ᣬʧˡ
ֻȻѰֵ
Ѱû뵽ǣվƶ漫Ƴ磬ǶԼҲ˼𾴡
ǰԼʶ֮һ֪Цˡ
Ѱ˵
ˣĪҪٺѣѾ˽⣬ֻĿǰ޷ȷǷаıҪ
Ŀƽһֿ̽ĵϾҲ֪㣬ؽգҪ֤Ρ
֤
Ѱʡ
ʵֻеʵδǿѣ͸ңִϴķ壬
ƽ˫տȻעţѰһĪѹȡ
С˿ҲٶԣѰ
ͬҲһ飬ѰܹͨȻõյİ
ͨ
ֻһȻ뿪
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ռʣƽһ˵ϣ
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ѰһĿǰԶԶ̸Ҫȥ岼֡
ŶһȤ˵˵
ѰɿĿǰΨһƱԼּҵϵ̳˵ݣ˳ؽϴķ壬һϣѾһ
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ĿѴһĨͣͳһѾжϳѰǿ̸֮
֪˺ף֪ңȴѡһѿ׵ģʵԼ
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ѰһԼ뷨˵˳
ʱСѾ˵ѿѰɵηȱģ෴Լ뷨ͼı
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ҲϲһöɫѰ
ֻСǣѰĻش֮ƺɲ򶯣ʵ뷨ֻǺ棬θıңɲһһϦܹ쵽ġ
ѰʱЦˣǷϺ¶һĨ֮ɫƽԱ˶ԣҪıѣҺǲһֻҪһ£ԿϽ˶֪ҵ֣
СһһĨɫǼټѰŵһ棬ˣҲ˵˾Ļ
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ϴķ֮ѰңСհ˾ס֮أңԺϴķϣ֮⣬Сŵˣõ
ѰԾǣʱȴ¶һĨ죬ϳݣʿʮǰڹԿжõϯλΪ̽ڣ
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ҪΪּļ̳ߣͱӵԼĶ̫ˣ
һֻ˰ڲĿʲô
һѰҲʶԼѾòͬˡ



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ϴĵ鷿
ݵı仯Ѱ˳Ĭ
ʮ꣬СĿһ˿ǣ̲ס˿ա
ȴ΢΢ҡͷ˵ڣسأҪӦݵı仯
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΢΢һЦ
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ڶҪйּϵĴ֧ľϣҪԴжǶԴҵķأʲô̬ȡ
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ѰһĶͷˣڵϴķһףûǮȥб
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Ѱ𣬴ǰϽʯիһ⡣
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Űɣʧ
ѰЦЦ
ҾĿԴˡ
΢΢һЦҲЩ棬һѰȥȡһʲƵĲƸ


үмū֪
뿪鷿Ѱɽ·ȥֻڰ;ϣȴȻڣɫɡ
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Ѱ㣬Ŀ⿴ҡ
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һһЩ⧲
ѰȴЦЦֵˣض˵ԺлᣬԸҴҲ١
ĿѰ뿪ɫӣòȻһ̾رͨŻſݵתȥ


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ӿиͻ֣ᷢʯիһӺ״̳ˮʣ籡⣬ҫޱȡ

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Щ̾Ϣ˱ԹҲЦһ㡣
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Ѱһ˸λ
ǡߡģǰӵսɻսƷȫһɲƸΪԼбļƻ׼



332 ǹལ
ʱһһţѰв͡
Ա˺ȻЦСһûģñڴ˵ȺΪʯիܼģ
Ѱ̧ۿȥȴһֺ꣬ɹЦԼ
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Ǻǣͳ⣬֪㻹̫ᣬҲĶǺ
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ѰʱЦˣúͶԷ
ǵȺʯѣһȳԽָԼˣ
ֺˣȴƺѰ̬ȼŭߵˣ̫ˣܲпᣬüβˣҪԴ
ԣ߲һЦ
Ϊȴ̫ģֺѵѰġ꣬Զ¶ֵϷ֮ɫ
ǣҲô˵˲ĸ۸ڶΪתģʵǰͷԼͻԼж౰΢Ϳ
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ͬʱҲʶѰ˼ֱǸͷȫһô۸ġ
Ǳţ֡
ѰأǣЦ˵ҵҪִûĵ¹ܲҧһˡ
ۣ
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Сֵܣ˵䣬пɲá
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ѰΪݵת䣬⻼Ĵ濴ûʲô£ʵҲżѹ
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ѰŶʯʱ겻һѾӵΪϢݡ
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Ѱϡǵãʯڻ֮ͻƽʱ۵һƷءϫӡ
ʱǧɫ˳ӿɷ׳ۡ
ɴƶϣʯܹΣҲ֮е顣
ڰԱߣᱡɴȹʤѩɫڵŮڵأһ裬һüۺЦΪ׼ϹСԡ
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ɴ˿ɼΪʯիʯ񡱵ϵӵʯǺ֮ݻõĲˮСԣһ㸻ӵܹġ
ȻҲдѰˣʯóЩöд
Դ߱ѪӪ뿪Ҿһֱ룬ٴμʱǴεȵز
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334 
ӰݸߵϳڣôλСѶʯիļǮ⣿
Ѱҡͷǡ
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˵ЩԳЩʵΪʯĶӣޱȣʵʯիУҲţɼʱ򡣡
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335 
ҲЩʧ̬»쾳־ȿƵ뢵߿ֻҲۺ첻ɡ
ѰûгЦЩߣͨǵķӦѰʶЩλ꺣ϹżлõıֵԳľˣ
ʱһЩʯիܲĴʦΪ֮ʧ̬ȫѰԤϡ
Ѱõһ䱦УֻѰ֮
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죬һ߳һĿƵӹɣǾ
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ԶϼˣɫøӣСóɿܻᷢô飿
Сѣ㡭ȷҪ˱ۣ
˳ЩߵĿⶼ뿴Ѱ̬Ѿú֮ǰȫͬһ˿غͺ档

ǶѰĿ࿴ֻҲ棬ѰˣǴõĴ˱ֱ̫˼ˡ
λǰ԰ֻ꣬Ҫ۵ı֮һ
Ѱһóһ꾥ΣʮҶ黨
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Ѱ˵ͷó黨ݸʯ
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ʯʱ״̬۾ֱģû뵽Ѱֻ⶯֣óȫѷɫھ黨ı
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336 ʯ
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֪ʯĵϵӣʯիպүʯ˿ȴᱻһЩ𺳵ҡΣҲ֪θ롣
գʯסûЩ䱦ÿ˶иԵܣðȻѯʣס
ѣЩҲǲַġ
˵ѣҲֵ᷸ͼ
ɵˣȰһսƷǮңҵץʱȥһЩ顣
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ʯûڲƱǰӿװزסߡ
ѰŶһ̾ϢЩʯүزסߣԵ̫ˣȻҲųϹۣôϵѡ

ʯЦһ
˵ǴѰһ߳Ը̴ӽǧҽѰ
ǽһʵǮ
ѰµһЩ䱦Ժ֮󣬲Ż֪˶Ǯ
ⷽ棬ѰʯΪˡ


ѰҴ뿪ˣʯصʱأЩ㱡
һ겻Ѱı仯Ѿ󣬲һҡּΨһ̳ߣӵΪ֮ϡ䱦̫˼飡
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ЦЦٶԡ
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Ȼʯ
ӹɣӴֵ꣬ʯիִߣһλµĴʯ
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ƨš
ʯбʯһۡ
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ʯһֹ϶Ǵ鷳С綯ˣĻġ˵˵ɣʲô鷳
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˭
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337 һһ

ʯĿ⿴ͼ˽˶࣬뷢ң¶ĹͭɫʯţըС
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ԭѰ游ֵľˣ
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ɵʱʧõһǻ޴йգĻ䣬ʹ֪ζիУһĳӡ
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ʯżҲǸܹ֮õ׵ͬͣɲô׵飡


ϴķ塣
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Ѱּڻ֧ϵˣܰˣּҼ̳վʵ
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үһλԳǰݷã˵ġ
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⡭
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죬Ȼһ̾ջĿ⡣


˵ңʵֱһйûʲô
ͭŻһ̣ѰͿһֺ롢ׯࡢЩտĵӳҰС
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ȻڣǻޱȵĸƺЩԲˣ
ѾѰһƺߣ͵һҧȫת̻ľ
ͬʱڵķ籩ĥ̷ת



339 
Ҳ֪˶ãѰӴ

һһƥƵâУһ˺գ
һײʮǽϣ졣
ھУ
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ѰʱסԼЩţһѩӤεĸ룬ȻԼΪȻǣѴﵽԲزʱƾ
ѰԲţǱ
ͼ֮׳󣬱ڼϢ͸ųƥİζ
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ɫ両һĨּ֧ϵˣɳһڽʱǰϴķݼ
ѰüëһЦҲŸշϴķѣסˣ



340 ͵
ϪϣִФ㡣
ƺϣִ³Ӻ㡣
ɷϣִʯչ
ϣִִ衣
ҵһŰϱдŴ˴ǰϴķݷõ֡
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ʣҲô
ɫأ߲ơ
ѰһһĨ⣬ҲȥЩÿ͡µģǡÿԳô˻ῴһж͡
һ͵˵ͷȥ

ϴĵһ㡣
ʱѵ
ϣѰţȴ˼һ¡
ѴС뿪ȴѵǿߵʱʲôأ
үѾʱ
Աߵһ䡣
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ѰһŤͷһ
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شӰ۾࣬뷢ʲݣ΢أǣһܰĬ
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ˣĬٶҲûȤ
ʱƣʱѾȥãѰɫԱߵüͷȴ
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ѰǣĿ⿴ִ裬
ִȴû£ǲȭγʵǲӦãԭļҪһģ˭룬ҵĴҪ±ˣҵȲǣǰ
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ڼڡĸϵĴУΨִΨһּˣѰжԱϵ̬ҲĹ۲١
Ҫ±飿ҿǹǻƣҪ˻һˡ
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ִֻЦţ

Ѱִһۣٴ
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˸λ£ĿⲻźۼشϵѰ
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ǣͲԣѰҲƺԸȿڣõôԵúܳơ
ûãһ̸
ʮˣûϴķѾ߳ģʵʹİ
ܹ˭ҵûдϴķߣĿϴķȾرӣ
ʯֲ̾Ϣò˶ãҾͿ°ϴķ壡
Щ̸޼ɵžԵú̶ܴ
Щ̸ִĿһʱ䳯ѰȥƺҪһѰķӦ
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˼
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һǾ̸ֹͣĿ뿴ϵѰֻһòĵ꣬Ŀкε¶һĨ
Ů˾ֱӿڣǸ֪ðҰСӣ
ȹ٣̬ţԴȴ̱ͱˡ
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ŮˣϪϵĿִФ㡣
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ɲڣͼһЦſڣ㣬ȱһǴǰµġ
Ӱݳһ۾˸ʯչԷɷϡ
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һҲͷͣɫᣬ綾ƵģӺ㣬ƺϡ
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ǽ֮ʼնѰУ˵ҲѯѰѰвĻᡣ
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ѰЦʣҸϣ
ФüѰʱЦĪһջ
ܼ򵥣ļѾ𣬱ϴķ壬ͬʱϴķһҲļȫȨ𡣡
ФֱӰʵͼ˵
һ־ԵǿƣͲϻ벻ѾҪģǷӣ
ȻּˣֻҪĽһаţļҲΪ㣬ϴķϣҸһĺⱲӲԺȡ
Ф̧°̬ͣ߰ڷŮѾźˣҲж£ֻϣסϴķ壬ݲëûСһȾָ
û£һֹǲֱǳв裡
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ְֱּϵѪʲôˣ
ɶǣЩ֮ܵĻȴһ˵ֱ̫ˣ
ѰʱҲ۾
ִΪѰ͵׼ʱȴѰȻ΢΢һЦĿ⾹߿
㣬ҲôΪģ
Ѱһ仰ִ͵һɫ΢䡣


341 ɱ֮
ִɫ仯Ѱ׽УԼ˴𰸡
ٱʣҪִھͱȻһܵ顣
෴ִĿǰ̬ȣԶѾˣּңҲûγͳһ
ˣҪٵʱ䣬ҵȿûĸȥ
Фߡ
ӦҵȿѾ㹻źȰɱʲôɵ¡
ʯչޱ顣
СѣӦԼǩֻѺɡ
һ࣬ӺָһһҳԼ鶪Ѱ£ץһǮлһζ

ĿѣҲ̲סǳǡʲô̬ȣ
ͷһŹѣҲ㷢ʸ񣿡
Ф㲻м
ˣΪּҿϴķķݶϣļҰʱ˵׼͸һЩͷ
ӺЦ
ʯչֱɱڵūٸҷϻСȡĹ
ѰͫһУ̲סңȴɫãͷǺ졣
ɳϵģȴδߣֻɫðޱȣ˵įͿɬ
Ѱһ̾ʮǰϽǵİ̽ڡΪλӣ
һĻФ㡢Ӻ㡢ʯչ˵ɫ⡣
٣û뵽ūŻ̡
һϸĿŹ
ЩޱȵԴǣԶִȴһ鴤ɫü졣
ϧǷ߿
Сӣһ䣬ӦǲӦ
͵أФƺͷˣͱˡ
ʯչͳӺҲĿ⿴ȥ
ճţѰ£һҳԼ飬ƺֻҪһͷһ粨ͻ
ͷףѰӦ
ִһҲһѰ
ʱ䣬·һֹ̾
ϣʮѰһֱԵúƽǴ˿̣ͬû¶һ˿
Ƿϣһݺ䲻ĳȺ侲
ФУֳȺ侲ѾƵ;ĩ·֮ԴУ
Ѿĵ뵽ѰͬǩԼ飬͵ǴһǷʱȻཱͣ
ԽǾԽԽ͡
ѰٳûФסСӣ㡭
û˵꣬ʾһɲ
ͼѰȻ̧ͷǷһĨ΢ЦȻ˻֡
ͷĶܼ򵥡
ֵĶͬ򵥡
ߴ˼ȴȫһġ
Ф㡢ʯչӺ˶һѰֵĶʲô˼
Ǿͻһܵһɿֲƥıɱ˲Ϣ֡
ɱ˿ֲƿֱǻѪҺ綳ڣһǰδеľź;ҪϢ
䣬ע⵽һֱվѰ࣬۾һɽӣ֪ʱһ΢ص
ԭĬܣ˺׾ͺԣɵһɲӳ˯ѵԶޣЮɱ
ǿֲɱǧʬɽѪӳձ
⡭
쾳ǿߣ
ÿֲɱ
Ф㡢ʯչӺʧУ̽鱨УϴķϿֻѰˣ뵽ǸһֱĬʯ۾ӣһλֲޱȵĶ쾳ڣ
䣡
ɱŰ׺ݺݳײФϡ
һ˲Ǿ͸оʹ类εɽѹ
ͨͨһ죬Фˣ뱻ǿɲɱѹ¹
ʼգǣ˿ֻͷųһɱѣ
˻
һĿһеִסһͷƤ飬ƾɱͽλ麣ѹȹأ
ֱֲ̫
ִҲûмʶ쾳ǿߵֶΣǺǰһȣԵ̫ˡ
ʵʵɱãշģڶ쾳Уܹ쵽
Ѱһ֣
ִкȻ
ѰʱҲЩ⣬ԭǰȷ̽һж͡
ȴû뵽ƾɱѹȵФ˹ڵأʼضûУ
㾪׵ֶΣѰܲ𶯣
Ͼ
һһλսɳϣʬɽѪɱĶϾǿߣ
һУѰ֪ĵǺɲ
ͬʱѰҲͷɱһɲߵײһһͷʨΣʱһʱıܷӦ
ƺھ
ɱֻФϣѰδܵʱԷɲ٣ɽš
սĥļ֮ḻѰȻܹ׽һ˿ײϸڡ
ɶС㾹Һԣ㲻ˣ
Ϊһ쾳ǿܹ߰޷ˣ𣡡
ϣФ㡢ʯչӺɫŭ˱ȹأ߷ޱȣɫѿޱȡ
иѰɱǣҲɴ̣´˿̱¹̬ɽ֮
ѰЦڷԸҿˣ˭͵һɱ˭پҵͬ⡣
Ĭͷ
Фɫһ䣬һѵɱ֣
ľɲʱѰⲽǰ
΢΢ŹڵϵˣԼʱǰݷãȴ٣Դսҵģǵһ
֪ݼȴΪԶԴңʼգǵڶ
Ѱϸ֮ǰĹڣФ˷һЦǸɵˣѵǶﲻɣ
Ц
ǿּ֧ǳͷҲֲһëͷСͷ
ǿѰԽЩƨ˵£Խ֤Ѱ޼ɵĶǳ֣
Թ뵽ԺлᣬһҪСһĽѵ
ȴѰԹ˵Ϊϴķ֮ϵϵΨһ̳ˣȴ·ϣóȨǩһݱڵЭ飬˵
Ҳ̬ȶӣֹŰ裬Ϊ
Ϊ֧䣬ȴƵƵƼ̤֮ϣΪ
˵⣬ѰǵЦʧһһĨĮ֮â
һһٵһҶгɽȫ
ФѾѹأѰȴûгûͷҲûòпֶαһҪذµ侲ģӲһԵúܷ
ɵĿһУԱߵִȴܵһǰδеѹȸС
޼ɵķӣ侲ĮȻı̬
Ȼ˿̵Ѱִо
Фûʶһ㣬һУ϶Ѱ϶ɱǣҪôɣ
ͼФЦСӣϻ࣬ɱǣң͸ϽԹԷǣ



342 ǿƻ
Ͷ֣
ԱߵʯչͳӺҲЦĿоԹ
麣ߣȴ˱Ƶùڵأ߷ߵ˼¡
ȴѰȻ΢΢һЦǲµĲоôɣȷ̾ɱǡ
ԣФ˽޿֡
Ѱһ仰ȴ׻ɫ䡣
⣬ӣΪʾͽ͹ˡ
˻һִҲݺݳ鴤̫ˣǳͽ䣬ֱɱǶʮٱ
ʧȥΪֹΪǰ򵥣ʧȥӵеһеλ
µĴ
һ룬ФǵΪϣּ֧УĻ֮أ
ԽǴڵľԽпᣬΪִ£ȷƷޱȣһΪϣݡλԼеĴ׷ױᣡ
ʱĸȥˣ
ФȻҲʶһ㣬˿̶һֽӣðģ˷ִ硣
㲻ô͵ڳ׺ΪУʱĺҲòȥ
ФС
ѰҵȴҲǹҪΪѣɼ㡭ǧ㵽ͷϡ
ʯչ򳹵׻ˣ
ǳӺѱŵɫ԰ף˵
ǴʱģٶԱ֮ǰ̬ȣִ趼һĨңãԼһֱԹۣδֱӲϵһ˻ˮУĻ
ִ˸ȥ
Ѱ΢΢ЦţŵɥĳªзһĨ˵
ְɡ
Ѱ˻֡
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Ф˳ױˣ㣬ҪѰΪҪЮͶ
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¡һֻͷϵ˱ݺѹſڵϣ˵һָͷˡ
һֱʯĬڶˣһӣɫϼϯ˲ϢûФڡ
ۣۣۣ
ͼФ͵ɫףѪͬʱϵƾ񱻴ƵƤڷɿš
գʱ䣬ѱĿⰵնʧȥ󣬱øɱ񣬷һӲϰꡣ
Ϊϵ³
ĿһĻִҲǣ𶯣Ѱ֮ǰֶΣһֱԵò²˶ûƢһ
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Ф㡢ʯչӺ˴˿̾ʧȥ̯ڵϣɫǷϰ˼¡
һλ߸ϵߣΪһˣִǸ޷ܡ
Ψʧȥʱӵʱ
ϧҲˡ
ȴѰ΢Цţ˵ȥǵӣҲѡ񡣡
һңϴķѹߵıȫ³ҿķݶϣ̡
ڶǲԸҽΪ֮ͽԵ֮ݴ֮ΪŻ
ѰһƽҸʱ俼£֮޷ǾǾɣ
˵գ˻֣Ҳ뿪
ҵ̱̽ڵƵˣ뿪ϴĵ
ѰλĿЦִ裺壬һУ֪ʲô뷨ûУ
ˣ
ִһһŬסиֻ룬ôɾͳ׺˺Ƥˣ޻أƺЩ̫˰ɣ
Ѱʼû취ǱƵģҹ¼ҹһѾյ˼£Ҳˣһһ͵
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Ĵȷգڵ裬ٵĲֹصǣжڰеġ⻼
ƾһּҼ̳˵ݣ޷ıѰĴ
οѰ̫ᣬʮѡ
£ּҼ̳˵ݶԣǵһƣĸʱܰѹ壡
ȻѾôΪҪĿʱ䣿
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оѰ˻ֱڸ߱ˣѰĿǰޱȣҪʱۣӵзҪԸѰ͸Ͻ֮ڵʱְɣ
ž˼ִоѰ⻰ܡǣ
Ȼȷʱ䣬ǵ̬ȣҲעҼѳϴķˡ
ѰЦˣǣѰֻҪŹ꣬ʱ򣬾͸ûǣҪҪּһ汲ȥŻˡ
˵ѴһĨȻ
꣡
Ѱӵһͳּҵʱ
ꡭ
ִૣ֪ѰţɴǰϣȴһѵһĴǣ
Ȼ֮ڣҵĴ϶ɲܸı٣ܻøգҲʲô
ѰһתЦζϾΨһӵм̳ϴķʸּˣϴķɾͽּг׶ʧҲļҾԲԸĽ
ִɫ΢΢һ䣬һʱԶԡ
ȷϴķʮ꣬߳ģҲһֱߣԭڣ۹Ǳߵ̬һֱȷϴķ壬ֵֻĵϵӵм̳еʸ
ʮǰּ֧ϵĿܻĴϴķϰߣ
Ѱˣֵһϵ͵ڳײڡ
ʱּĸ֧ҪᣬҲҪ۹ҴӦӦ
Ѱֱۣ̽ץϵһҳԼ飬ǸղФ¡
ϱгٲƽҲûӴң෴Ϊܹϴķ壬ִּҴȨΨһģǰ᲻ϧһдۣȥ
ѰСԼƽУΨһļֵһμסһеġ
Դƽȴִʶ̬ȣѾѰǺģ
гһѰӵһͳּҵôӾԲùˣ
뵽⣬ִʱɫһ࣬Ҵ˴δ϶ĿĵǺҲͬ
ѰǷһĨζЦݣ˵
ִ̹ȻʵҴĿģҪۿһѰһȻһľ
ѰͷܽҲǡ
ִҲû취ȻѾȷֱּϵɣڲȷһʱǱҲܸһȷ̬ȡ
ѰĵȻˡ
ʵǴ˴εġԼִ֮ǰֱУѰѿ϶ԴԼȷҲͬ
ûȷ̬Ҳûǰ㣬ֱӾʹͨȨķʽϵԼ
㹻ˣ
ѰţֻҪϸԼһᣬôԼ;ԿԸһǲò𸴣



343 
Ѱʵǲ֪ҵĿǷ⣿
ִʱЦ˵Ҳȷ˵⣬ǿ϶Υ֮
Ѱ˼кδ㣿
ִ̹ԣӹɣ֮ǰı֣ѾһأЩҲ㡣
˶٣ɫ֣أ˵ĿǰıУ󲿷˶Գּ̳ҴȨԭҲ̫ᣬʱôŷ
Ѱͷ⡣
ִɫͲ٣գ㱱棬һᣡ
棡
νǱϵ桪ֱ⣬Ѱ游ַܣѰ֮ľ塣
ıУֱȻӲȨֻԶִƣֻҪ濪ڣ˸ҷԣ
Ѱ֪ЩҲЩ⣬û뵽Լı棬Լȡһλᡣ
ʶ֧ϵУҲȫԼִϴķ壬̳Ȩ
ⱱ¶̬ȣֵԼȥӺȡ
ʲô᣿
Ѱ
ִһܼ򵥣һºǰһˣѩһս
ӮˣԼһ档
ˡ
˵⣬ִЩԥ
ѰУЦ˵ˣѰʧȥ˱Ͽɵʸ񣬶Է񣿡
ִЦͷѾǱܹȡý˼λȨأܲܲΪ˿ǡ
Ѱ˼ȻҺųֿ飬ҸΪҼ̳ϴķʸҪϿɣȻİţܾԵ̫֪ô
ִܵô˵ѾӦˣ
Ѱ˵ͷҴûҪϵ˳ΪУͨ;˴˵ìܣȻ֮
˵⣬Ѱѩ˭
ִ赱ѩݽһ顣
ԭѩ壬ǱϵִֻԶĶӣձ֣Ѱ֡
귽ʮˣʴӱԲףʮʱ۳һƷء꽭ɽһʱ䶯ϣΪһҫ۵콾ӵܣ
ѩ壬ӵΪʵɲ⡣
ʮ꣬ӵһƷأʮ꣬ѽΪΡ˿ѩȷǾɾޣ֮߱ѪӪЩ˳ҵѧԱѷɫ
Ѱ˼
֮ǰ룬ȻϸԼһΡᡱȻôԼͨˡ
ȴû뵽ɳѩһǿߡ
Ѱԣеɲ٣ϾУɲκˣ
ȴִ˵Ȱ㻹ǲҪ⣬ʱѩһֱڱչس麣ƶϣ죬˳ʱ򡭡
Ѱʱһ
ԭԷġơ
һͻ麣һԸԼζɾЩ۸ˡ
麣͵֮䣬ɲֻô򵥣ǲһ󾳽磡
Ҫǣ麣߿ӵжݿշС绯ǿֶΣֹԸˣشƣ
ߣϾһأ
ѰĬȻִпһڨڨζԾȷЩǿѣ˵Ҫ̳Ȩǰ򵥵飿ҲǹΪ㣬ֻҪܼϰУͨˡ
ѰŶһ˿ľʲô
ִ㷡
ʣִԼҲоοЩǿѣû취Ǳϵ̬ȡ
ȴѰȻ΢΢һЦҴѾˣֻһʡ
ִаһæ˵
ѰΪҪһ²ſʼһԾ
ִĽͣٹʮ죬ѩͽμӹԿˣʶֻӳٵһ֮󡣡
Կˣ
Ѱһ͵Щæڽ飬ھˣԿѾʣ¶ʮʱˡ
ֱִߣѰһ˶ǣأ˼йعԿ˵顣
ԭ뿪ϼʱĴ㣬ҪڽϽ֮󣬾ͲμӹԿ˵ġ
ֱϽ֮ŷ֣ƻԶϲϱ仯̤ϴķϵһ̣ĸ飬鲻ʱȥϢ˵ȥĹԿˡ
ûãҷأѰӳ˼ѹ
Ҳһһˡ
Ѱ˵
ү˵
ҵ
ѰóֽʣˢˢˢдһҳּȻݸңⶫʯիʯ˵ʲôֶΣҲҪֽݴȥ
ýֽУĿⲻһƳʱ
ϱдʲô׵ܣһЩйѰԼĽܡ
ĿľǡΪʡʡԿ˵һһּ
ʡѲʲôܣɶҶԣֱһ磬޾ĳ
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һѲݶѣôѪʧ̬Ȼ֤Ѱġ⡱֮㣡
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˵ţ̬ǰδеׯء
ڱϿɺͳ


348  绪
ѪͶϣϵƺҲЩ⶯
һʦҡ
迪ˡ
˵꣬ѰЦϴķϣͬרĵطȻȻʦʦҶԣλȴԵҪҪһЩ
˶٣ɣҿӦѪһһ󡣡
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Ѱ˵ͷȻʲô౴ٻСһҵޣʦӵλ켶ġǽ𡯣Ժʱ򣬿౰æ
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349 
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֪Ѱ⣬ʯİ壬ѰʮңҸѰһʯիơ
ԺѰƾƣʯիͻܵߴһбҲż۹á
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߱ѪӪżĸ飬ܺ͵ʱЩһۻı棬ȻǼõġ


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ȻķɣֱӴ˵߳ˣ


350 ݼ
źǣսδѽ
չֳڶ쾳ĿɲΪ֮ԭõ˺ԥϳˡ
ѰЩʧ
뿴һʮǰһժùԵϽǣΪ̽ھжǿ
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351 Լ
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ʲôʱҲǿᵽزˣȥԼǱЦɣ



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ǹϵļ̳бϵΨһѡ
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үĳ֣һĨ⡣



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ԶֻԶٶȳɫѻָϡ
Ѱʱ֪ζԾʤѾӵ˰ݼֱĻᣡ


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358 Ե
Ѱ׼Ǳʱȴֱֱס
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ֻԶȴЦˣһȻЦݣȷķִİѰ
ѩһ׸׸ղԣΪ̽Լ⣬סףʧˡ
ֻԶֵ㲻ˣ㣬ҲȻ˾ϣѾĺܺãҺοϣֻ֧㡣
ѩһ𣬼л׳ȫ
ⲢǱϻһѰͶϣ游ѾԼԵ游־
ֻԶ
ס
ѩͷ
ȥɡ
ֻԶ֣ĿԼ뿪Ȼһ̾
һ仰ֻԶû˵ѩȫѰʱǱѾѰͶˣʲôʱ򳹵׹˳ֻʱˡ
Ѱһѵõ˲ţںͻǵĶԾʤ֧ϵԣδһ;档
ֻԶǣ˼
ͨѩĻѾʶܹύʯɡϬЩһѰӵеǱԲСˣ


Ϫϡ
ҹ´Уȴǵƻͨ
ϪϵִջõϢסЦúúãӲˣҵֱǻ޺ۣǧһЦ¥ŷӵܣһӿɾ͵ڵߴϵŷе
ǣ֪Ӧ˺ͻǵԼսǻǿһ޼ɵŮɲ¹ѧԺҲ֮ӦսֱԼ
һ࣬ƺϵִɽҲЦѡ
ͽбӦˣҲ㲻ŮɲĺѰˣҲñϵʱǿԳûһٽϴķȨȡ
ɷִƽĿɭȻ
ЩӣǹĺƣԭƶüƻҪڰѰٻᣬѰƿأΪǵĿܡ
˭ѰҪôϴķ岻ҪôһʹѰ쾳֣õҲǿûֵĻᡣ
ֱڣǶеʱһϢβܣ
ӵǲСϢϿ˵˴ǰǧһЦ¥μӵϯϣʯɡϬһٮٮߣվͷȵγ׺ΆǱȥɺܲ򵥰
ڡ
˻һɽƽе˷˲٣ǻָ侲
Ŀǰ޷ȷӾЩ˹ϵжǲ̫ǣϾЩ˱жǿЩҲȻΪЩ˵һЩ뷨һߵȥ֧Ѱ
ɽ侲ʯʯӣҪʯիȫ֧ѰҲǲܵġ
Ҳ˵ЩƾѰϡӵܣ㹻ôٲ֮أ
ƽȻҪģǿѣȻץסᣬһٽƣ
һǰ侺һһԾΣ
Ȼ顣
⡣
ɽƽȽȻӦ


һҹֹּ֧ϵϽԶյһЩϢ
Ͼӵֱܱӵܱ˵ʵ̫ˣؼǣһеģͬһˣһĹע
Ѱ˭
ǵһĺᣬ;סϴķϡ
ǺǣȤԴʮǰһѪ¼󣬿һֱ˵йּҵϢˡ

ӵǰԵһҹ֮ϵŷӵܣ治֪ĵ
ǰͽŮɲ侺Ծ̫˾ˡ
Ҳ֪ҺμֻηӦˡ
磬ʱҲһȥ
ҲãĵһλµĴ۶Ƴ粻ѣҲ棬λᣬʲô֮ˡ

˭ǸϽŷ֮
ԣ
Сӿ湻ģŮħͷǣ̫ͷ϶òͷˡ
ٺ٣һԤУ֮ϽǱȻΪ¶һ䶯
ǿ϶ģѰһӵϵŷӵܵģѾܾòֹˡ

ۣҹɫµϽУһֲ˼ٶȴţ໩Ȼ
ڵڶһ硣
λϽľ޴ĻϣͿʼһϢ
λʶׯԼƯŮˣһɵҹǧһЦ¥е渵
ʱֳһȻ󲨣䶯ѡ
ѰΪβμӹԿˣ
ϻǰЩӲд˵˼²ûоμӣ򣬴˴ιԿУȻһϯ֮أ
ߣҲȻҵﻨϺϣע·һһսϴķˣһ²ֹԼˣֻϴķ塭ҲҪ任ˡ
٣˵Ѱٲã˼Ҹұϵŷӵܣ𣿲ҾٱƱơ
ǺǣɿŮɲǵĶ֣ŰɣѰעԲҰճɨأ
ˣйѰһЩۣǳΪĿĽ㡣
⵹֮УѰһֻò˶ãԴϽǣ֪
йѰͻǼչһԾ˵ڴͺ档
˶ڵ֪Ϣһ̣ȫٸ侺ȴȻ֣ľƱȻȫˣ
ɴ˾Ϳ֪һԾܵĹעǺε֮ߡ
¹ѧԺУвѧעһԾϾǻǿǡԺһѧΪ
ݵˣҪԼսԾ벻ע⵽ѡ
һʱ֮䣬ѧҲʼ׷״йѰϢ֪Էֻһʮ꣬һμӹԿʱЩ
ˣҲͻǶԾ
ԽԽ˺ˣһЩѧҲʱҪֳȥһѰ꾿кˣϣҪʧ
һУѰȻ֪
ϴķ壬ͻָ˴ǰ֮󣬴ȻƺͻԼսУȲһ˿
ֱԼս٣Ѱĳ⣬һС׼ķʢͣȻһ΢ЦźС桢մǱ˵һʱһȥҺȻһ׬Ǯľ⡣
˵գҺͬ£ƮȻ뿪ϴķ塣
СǲЩҪսˣ˼׬Ǯ
Сÿüۼ両һĨȻ
ͻϸǾޱԽˣԽ֤ڴսӦա
ݸγо֮ɫ
Ŷϣ˰ɡ
С˼



371 侺
߳ϴķ壬ѰȻ֣˵Ⱥǡ
һϮۣѵʯΡȴɣڤҶСҲڡ
ǣ
ѰȻ
ϻ缸һһ⣬ñСֵܵ棡
ʯЦ
ԣϽǶԣΡңؽ裬Ԯ٣ⲻǴֵǵ
ɲм
ѰһůʯʱܹͦվһߣҪܴ
ٺ٣ֵġ
ҶСҲˡ
š
ڤ˵ͷҶСһ
֮ĽʽˣƵ٩ЦĻʵĳ̬ȡ
˵ʵѰĺ⣬߱ѪӪʱҶСߡڤֻ㷺֮˴˻Եйû뵽Ҳַʽ֧Լ
ѰɹȻЦǡ湻еġ
𳶵ˣߣϽǰ侺
Щͣµ
£һϱԶʻȥ
Ѱмҵø˵һ¡
ϣʯרҵѰڣҡɡڤҶС߶ѾøԼһЩаһЩ
ѰӦʯͷɿ֪ͣϴķλãͱȽڻνڻ޷ǾϪƺ⡢ɷ塢ּ֧ϵ
϶Ըǣ˵ЩѣǰиһЩͷȴ׾ٵ顣
ͺñϪϣϽӵʮദҵȻģ󣬵ȴϪľȫԽԼеϪЩҵдѹ
ͬԸּ֧ϵҲԶôֶΡ
ʯЦսѴܸ֮Щش
һԴ޷أοʧȥ˲Ƹ֧ŵһ
ˣؿԸЩԳشʱԽ˻ᣬӿͳһǵĲ
꣬Ѱһ±øӣܹ󵽣Ȼʯ⣬ҲֻŻ˱Ѫеĺı
һ룬ʯɡڤҶС߸Զñһ֣ȷƿ£
Ͼּ֧ϵǿֻµŷбǮʯիҡҡҶЩһһĴ
ʯܹõļֻһС֣Ҳ㹻ּ֧ϵͷˣ
Σ
ʯѰ
ҪȷѰ̬ȣϾ϶ɡڤҶСվˣҪּҵ飬վЩɻ䡣
ȴ˴ζԾپ°ɡ
Ѱ
Ҳá
ʯ˵ͷ
¸ϵش󣬻ѰҲȻضԴ
ˣ˴ͻǵĶԾϽǵĿ⣬Ȩпܻ侺ۿһԾ
ʯȻѵ
ѰŶһɹЦ⻨ǻҴ˴ΰˣһӾȫϽ˶֪ˣɾ̫ˣ˵ҲΪ
ʯҲЦˣ԰ɲ䣬ˣЩһǰļһֻ¶ñ˳Ц
ЦǸʲô
ѰȻ
ЦǽѲг˸ѡ
ʯЦ
Ѱû˸ֱۣ͸һ֡

侺
Ϲʱ˵һƬսӢ꣬׵۹޽һģľ֮ء
ʱ侺ɽ˺ʮϯλȫӰԵû֮
ھܵĶ㡢¥ᣬҲѱϽͷĴռݡ
˵ѰͻһԾûпʼȫǵĿ⣡
Ӵ󣬶Ϊ˵ݶΪ⡣
һߴϵŷеĹӵܣ¹ѧԺԺҲʢһŷӵУս֮ǿǰһٵС
һϺᣬּư˥䣬ɵϾԻ͹ǡֵµĴ
ΪֵĵϵᣬѰʮ䣬ȴһҹ֮Ρϵŷӵܣ벻עⶼѡ
һЩ˽ּĴԣѰĳֵ֣̫עĵط
Ϊʵ̫⣬ʮǰһѪ¼ǣྪܡ
ѰطϽǣ޿ն񴦾£ԸҵΡϵŷԵ̫ǿˣҲԵúܲ
ѰйΧжĳ߼ңͬҲڹע£Ѱƾʲô˵Ϊ
󣬾վŶٲˮȻ
עĽǶȲ̬ͬҲһ
ʱȫ߿ɶûпǵЩ
ȤģѰͻһս
׳۵ľ棬˭󣬽ΪǺѰĶԾ侺˻𱬣
ǰɼѰֳĶж󣬾ҵΡϵŷ⵨ӿ湻ġ
ѰβӦսǿɾ̫ʧˡ
ᣡѾϢյѰȻ֣Ǿ͵ſְɡ
ٺ٣˵Ѱ湻ģǿǺպŮɲѰǰֻ²Ҳñϵ
ȷʵŮ̫ǿˣѰҪսʤֻϣã
ټľܣۣ֮䡣
˶Ѱ˾٣Ϊ츳ٳڣɱϾŸս麣ǻһ磬עذɡ
Ҳ˷ΪѰȻӦսȻҲ̡
ֻǳֹ۵Ҫٺܶࡣ
𣬳д˶ѰӣǰԼҶòĵ
һУϪִЦ
ػᱻϽܣΪһЦԺ̧ͷԣ֪ذܣҲֻӲͷƤǰ
ɽ˵ںǣԻǵԸǷᵱɱѰ
ϣҪˣѰˣضϴķĿȨɾЩˡ
ƽü
ȷʵϵӾͺãѰ汻ɱֻ̲ϣǻʴȣܹѰһ·ɡ

ʱ򣬾͵رһ󻶺ʱȫ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
ͼλľ޴̨ϣһٻӰƮȻ
ݽޣɫȴ˪֮䣬һǿƴݵϢһͷĻˣѲ߮ɽӡ
ǣ
к䶯Ŀⶼˢˢڻϣо̾мɵĽҲгĽ
һУ粻վ̨ϣ˿ƮȻɸ
Щˣһ֪ǳ֮ǣһ֮ŮĴڡ
԰ıǮҲȻɲıˣ벻˹עѡ
Żǵִ𱬣˶ۣǶѾˣѰֻʲôʱ֣
˼ţͼ̨һطһͦȻӰ֪ʱѳ֣ⲽ̨


372 껨
Ѱ
ȫ˶û뵽ѰȻеǰӦս
һʱ֮䣬вЩ壬ڵϣѰֵء
ɴ˶Ѱĵ¶ֻɫΪ͸ȡûʲô
ЦмζϷʵĿ⣬һŴѰϡ
Ŀ֮£ѰɫȻ̨
Ӱͦ㣬һϮ°ɫڷԺ󣬾Ͷ֮䣬һͥŲĴơ
о˶ǵһμѰĿԷ٣ȵΪЩ⡣
׹ҲԣǵĶ̫һԾҲԵ̫ûͷˡ
ѰֵԽǿսôҶʶǵı졣
Ȼţɱд˶ѰֻϣҪֵ̫ˡ
һУʯɡҶСߺ͹ڤѻǣĿ˳Ѱĳ֡
˵ʵҿЩǡ
ʯһ̾
Ҳǡ
ɾҲûзɫأɺޣսĺǿ
ڤҶС䲻ڣɫʯһȻҲЩΪѰš
ʱһ߽䣬үѾˣ˴ǰ侺ϵŷУء֮⣬Ҷдǰ
⣬еŷµŷ̫࣬Ѻͳ
Կ϶ǣϬҲˣ¹ѧԺҲһЩɫִ
ǰս̫࣬۸ӣʶжϳǾǱרΪѰӶ
ʱʯɫԤϵ𰸣Ͼ˴侺е̫࣬ȨŷӵҲв٣жǰĿģȷԵúѡ
߽һ仰ȴʯһ
ֵһǣ˵Ҳһλǰ
ʯһ𣬾ҵעˣ
Ҿ֪²򵥣
ʯĿƣһһĶԾѣٺ䶯Ŀõ˶һб󣬱ȻѰйأ
˻
̲סʣʱȻ˳
˶ΪѰһҹ֮ΡңΪ죬֪ʵǲ֪ǣѰϽ֮ǰѾͳ߼ҽԹ
ʯĿԭһ֣ѰϽ֮Ϊγ߼ͻȻ֮ͲٶѰ֣ǿһ֪֮һб󣬱Ȼ޷֪顣
Щ飬ȻѰйأϾǻҫۣɲôע
ʯķɡڤҶСҲЩɲһԼսı󣬾ô࿴İ

ʱ̨ϣѰӰھ뻨ʮ֮㡣
ӦսȷЩ⣬ٵĲֹԼӵеһУһϿһǵѡ񡣡
ǵĮ
棬纮âңңѰ͸һɿɲ
ߣֻ±Ŀһɨͱŵõսľ־
ѰȴûܵκӰ죬ԼսڴˣΪ˵Щϻ
Եúܲ
һЩĿʱ࣬ѰǴȥҪˣ˵ѵ¼ŭǣװϵ
ʱ򣬾еѳüž˶עѰͻǵһһ
ȴɫ䣬ĮóѾñ׼֤㲢޴ʵϣҵȷ뿪
һ仰ȫ˵̫ˣǸô˵Ըô
ʯɵҲһɫ΢䣬ɱѰɾ鷳ˣ
һеɽƽˣɫһǿɲϣѰɱˣϴķעܲ
ϾѰˣϴķĿȨͻᱻ۹ջأʱЩϵҲطϴķˡ
ԣһԾ֮սҪôҪô
ĮʼգѰĿ⣬Ͳһ˿鲨綢ŵһˡ
ս
ѰȷЩ⣬оͲɹЦ⻨ѵΪԶԼˣ
òΪҴ۵ԼսڴˣΪ˱һٰɣ
ɷҪٱһҵˣûһܹٻϣΨΨһʽ
ˣڳȷǶڴ˴Լսȷɱģ
һʱ֮䣬࿴ѰĿѲͬ飬ǿ
á
ϵǣѰȴȻһЦһȻģ
˶ɣе֪ѳ׷ſˡ
ѰҲн죡
һУ޺ԹЦѰֱ澡ʧɱѰԺ̧ͷ
˴ΣлͷɱѰٲǸ⡣
Űɣɱ֮һҪٵѩ壬йͷ֮ޣ
޺ҧгݣɫ
Īٷϻʼɡ
̨ϣѰӿֵɫԣԣƶȻһ䣬һǡ
ǰһϢɲһ麣ܹӵУС֪ɵȻҲǲ
ȻżѰұȫ㡣
ĮУǻӰһƾնϸذ׵ָһ

һƬѪĻ꣬ٿȻƾո֣Ʈҡ£ƺȾһѪɫ
껨崫֮һ
ȫ𺳣û뵽Ǿ˸ɴ࣬һ֣ѶɱС
컨꿴ᣬֻҪմȾͻɲ޸ش
Ȼôǲ˷ʱ䣬ҲٸѰĻᡣ
ϾĿѰһ֣ԻǶԾһֳ裡
¡
컨ƮѪȾ쳤գޣȴɱ
ͼѰܣ͵رӿǧɫϼ⣬Ϥӿָȭͷһ
Ѻ
ȭɽХ¡¡ѹգ粻ƥУ˲Ϣѣͽ컨Ϊĩ
˶ʱ죬ʲôȭǿƵػ⡰껨
˿ѰҲЩֶΡ
ߣ
кâէ֣˿裬üɱ֣ϸذ׵ҡ
һ使εѪգҫۣƿȡǣľĶǡ
߽㱣һţξ
Ѱʶ߰ٶʮŻǣǿᵽ֪εȳ̶ȣᱻţ
ͼɫһСɱ
䣡
˭룬ȭһ使޹ѪжȻըһƬѪɫϼϯ
龰ֱһƬѪմӱڶҪû䣡
ǡѪ껨ɱ֮һþɱ
˲䣬Ѱ͸оһ𣬱һȿɲľݺײĵ˲ֹ
˾ѵѰҪܣ
ʯɵ˽Զһ



373 
ۼѰ˾ҪһƬѪƵĹϼǣһѰз

¡һɿֲƥȭӿ֣ѹ˲ϢѣһƬѪɫϼ򱬡
Ȼ
ͬʱѰӰӿգһХݺݳɱȥ
ȫȻС˲ðڻǵɱлΪģѳ
û
üͷһ壬ЩѰǿ
ӿɲѰɱһ
䣡
ǵһһѪâնգ˲ѹѰͷ
Ѱɫ䣬ӰջӰһСХԶŴ˺ҧա
飡飡飡
˲Ϣ֮䣬߽ʮΣͼâ̻ټ̨ϱŽϯ
Ƭն𶯣ӿƺˡ
ĲԶݲѣΪѰػת˲ͱѹ˭룬ܺͻǶԿˣ
ƾһ㣬֤ѰεȲ
ৣ
أǽ̤Ʈ裬Ӱ貳ɫһѪɫգǿƳ
һƬѪɫӿ䶷ţգɲĻ
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һ֮£ɺɽͣնգ
⻨Ǻþ˵츳滨ŷѧ
һҲԾ
ȴѰȻ壬ɽУֲָ

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ͼѰһȭǰͬɣ󣬺¡¡ѹȥ
꣡꣡
УһľӣѿĿĵѷ죬ҪûһС
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ৣ
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жڣֱðȭͷŵƣȻһĴƣ
⣬
űһҲǿһ
ͼһը죬̨ңâϯ𵴣ǫܸ̃һƬһƬƷš
Ȼһײǫܷ̃ҲתǵನȻ̨ߣأ
ͼ޳ӰһҡΣձ˺ϸһĨ쳱
ٿ棬ѰͬˣӰģѪɫ΢΢Щס
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ȫһ˷ĵɫ𺳣һνҲֲ̫
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Ϊŵǣ麣ڶѣܺ麣ڵĻǶԿˣȫ˴
ǿ
ӹɣѰһŵĽɫʮ䣬һϽǣֻ¶Ҳ
٣겻СԽԽ̬ˣ
̲סֿڣ֮ǰѰǣ˭룬Ѱչֳ˾޵ܡ
ʯڤҶСҲһΪȻģѰСӵȷ²꣬Ŵ߱ѪӪе漣ġ̬
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һᣬɽƽɫ粻֮ǰǻᣬΨִһСİѰɱˡ
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ǻסˣսûнʲô֮硣
ɶ񣡿ɶѰԲ
޺۷ŭУڰлصݣѰı֣ܵǿҵв
˵֮ǰɱѰΪ˳һôʱ;Բֻǳһǰ򵥡
ҪһǱڵĪв
һɣʮѰɱԺԻΪһĸ󻼣
һ̣ΪѰչֵǿ̣ڹսԼһٮٮߣԶ˼죬ֲͬ뷨
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һɫѪȼյ齣ƾӳ뻨ǽУɫһӱޱȡ
ͬʱһԵȻ޳кȻϯա
ƣܿ

һԻĹ
˲Ϣž˶ͫһʶѳ׶ŭڽؽʩչǿѹֶΣ



374 絶
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ͬһʱ䣬ֲѹõĻɽѰȻ
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˵֮ǰѰһŰ񱩵Ԩ籩ôʱյѰƷóȻ
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ֵʱƣƽȻ֮ƮȻһڲͬϢȴ˸ļ¡
䣡
Ѱһ֣Ӱ裬ӿ֮Ƶ֮Ǻӣ˲ϢͽӰ÷飬١
̬˶ţųƻѧġӰལᱻ׾ͻ⡣
η
һп
ǻǣѰսʼڣʩչԶѰĿɲսһһޣ
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ͼѰһ֣˳ɣ̨֮ϣâ翿飬ҽǣ޼Ѱ
䣡䣡䣡
ͼǹӰ꣬ûκģһƬһƬ飬貵㣬̨ϡ
ѰӰⲽУǡͥŲâ֮أһоݿĨ
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ڣѰǰȴ粻һƵģȫֵһᣡ
תҲȷ̫죬ĿϾӡ
֮ǰսУѰܹͻ࿹⣬һֱһֱѹĴС
ڣһнŤת
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콣긦һ֣ͱһĨĨâ飬Եǿƣ龰֮ˡ
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ѰǿƱ֣ٶȴǵԤڣ
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һ룬һŭɱУȻһӰ죬оȷʹ찡

Цǣһ̣ȴɫ䣬ԸǱɱһĻ
㣡
޺ðбɫ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һнԶͬһʱ̷صʱ̣ͫҲһ˿ãȻ
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һϮۣ뷢ף䣬˸еâ
嶴쾳ǿ߻ǧˣ
йһƬȻȫɵˣȫû뵽ҵǿ߾˲棬ԳС֮ľ



375 ۹ͻ
ۣ
ѰѪʹ
ղͻϮڶ쾳ĿɲѹȣҲܵ˲Сơ
ڹؼʱ̣յܣһҪ
쾳ɴ˿ɼһߣ
ǧ˵ͻȻɱ룬ȫ⣬ǻսȴǻƻҲ̫Ҫ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ǣǧ˸һ̨δʱȥλǣӰһһƸճѰȥ
ֱ̫֣
޳ܣ
һЩһǿߣҲŭˣҪ˻ᣬһɱѰ
ɶ񣡡
ʯɵ˻һ䣬׹ߣǧ˵޳ܺͺҲʼϲ

һЩ֮ǰѰĹڣĿһĻʱҲü⻨ңҲ̫޼ɵˣ
䣡
ɴʱ˵ʲôˣͼһƬɲĹϼ۳һֻںڴ֣¡¡ѹգĴ¡
Ϊֻ麣ڵѰʱӲѪ类·һΡɽѹ
޷ܣ
һĿֲѰеֿͷ
ȻͻѰɫȴ䲻Ȼʡ
ӰԭأӿֳһĨǵָв֪ʱѶһںӨӡ
ݡ
ڿգת뵳һطܶɲĽƣһɻɬֲĲҲ֮
䣡
һ춯ذը촫̨ɽХһŰֲĹգ
̨ڴ˿̲𵴣ظļ
һĻֱֲ̫һ۷嶴쾳ǿ߷ҪǬŭɽӣ
ǳĻȫ߷ּУȻѡ
һЩﶼݣ𵴡
顫
̳УͼǧǿݵӰײɣŭƵʹ
ͨһһλ쾳ʿǱصڵأ͵һѪˮ
˻
ȫԴǣĿࡣ
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ϹżУΪ˴ĶƵ汦ǧ£ŲƳſŶѣ֮ǿش쾳ǿߣ
뿪ϹżʱܴȵѰţһֱѰϣлᶯá
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СС󱲣˺ұǲϣҲҪɱЧȣ
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ǻǧ˿һ쾳ʿ֮ǿ󣬿λ۾Уȴ߹Ƶģһѹء
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Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ʱѰȴȻߣף




376 ߲÷
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ѰСѵˣ
˲ɲʹ˷֣ѵҪʱͻŷƴһһ
Ҳ̫ˣ
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СӣҪ
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СҪ
ͼػȻֹӺݵɫѷһĨεɱ
䣡
ͬʱûκγɣɱȥ
·ͲںһУȫֻѰԸѰҪȥһüͷ
һ̣侺̩֮Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬ǡ
ǵģû뵽Ѱˣ˺ٲȻһһеļƣȫԤڡ
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ɲȻغһһ
һѽ
ۣһ֦÷ͨ尵ᾣ߲ͭ⡣

䣬б̨룬ǡڻغ֮䡣
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Ѱͬûϳ˽²⵽ʲô䣬˼С
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ȥͬǵСĴ
Ҳ˰ˣվߴϵŷ֮һ޷Ȼ˵õЩ޷Ǵʵʴ


Сӣˣ
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ٽϽһУԼ̩Ǻ̬ȣѰԼоһУֻ¶λʹеĴйϵ
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߲üҡͷ˻ƫģŲط棬οط֮ڿ̤㶴쾳ѵУѰ粽
˵⣬һ෴һԤУƾѰ֣֮ʱ֮ڣϽν콾ֻ¶޷ڸĹâ
ڴʱԶֵϣһĻȻ
߲ü˼ϣüͷһ壬Ŀ⿴ȥԭǴĻϣڲйѰͻһսϢ


377 Ͻ
ҹĻǰɻӰͷܶʱĻȻ
Щߣ඼ûƱֳĦѰͻǶԾʶȺڴˣĻϢ
߲üȻЩ棬Щ߻һԾεۡ
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Ҳ֪Ѱģǿ᣿ս¾ǲμӹԣǰ֮˰ɣ
ĻдѰѹǵϢʱһƬȻһ˷ڣζѰľ̾Ƴ硣
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Ѱ΢ĩ֮ݣϮ㽫ǻʱ벻˾嶼ѡ
ܿ죬Ļдǧʱ̣ӹ򣬶ѰºʱеĻȻѾáȡ
⻨ֱ̫֣֮ǲҪˣ
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յ˵ͷȷ֤һϵ츳Ǳ
˵⣬¶һĨԳɱ˵Ҵ㣬սװ鱦Ҳǲһġ
Ѱ˵һˣҲЩҾ㣬νһٶʲô˼
Ѱ룬˵Ժˣ˵Щվǿ̸Ƴսװʱܹһ
ЦãҿɾĿԴˡ
ͨѰ̸Ҳӿһ˿ڴҪһǰܷĸԼһϲľϲ


ѰԼÿƻʱȫŲоºĥһ
ƣѰӴϤһŵ;
ڸ¹ߵѧϰУѰʵޱȵƻԼֶΡ
ڽƴʱƾһ溦˳ƴ塣
߱ѪӪʱĪȫµӢսƳ˷ɱӴܵСС桢ԼĪȫע
ĪֹһθпѰһϵǱԺ¹ѧԺеŮơȼ磬й֮
ʱҲΪѰչ¶裬ϧ֮⣬ûѰߡ
ĪѰеһЩҪķ粨Ӱ졣
ϼʱѰֶͨΣͨʦĿˣ˳ꡣ
۹һָ̣ҲѰ޸˳޸ɹ
ҲʱѰƳġ鱦սѩͷŵ𾪣ΪѰһϵʵǾ
ֻǵ뿪ϼǣֱϽѰõҲûоȥһ
ڣΪ˽ƾ⣬Ϊ˰սħɢ֮ѰΨһ뵽İ취һ
ֻҪܹƳսװϣͻǰ


׭ʡī塣
ÿһ죬Ѱɮ
ǰȵ֪Ϊ׭īΪý飬ƤʯҶֽš֮׭ͼ
ϴķϵһ飬һ·ѾѰ޹ء
ֻƣֻĹ켣ԺУһĪͼӯ
ʮ
ѰٿУֿյŲϴķϣڷˮ֮ǰڲľ֮У֮ϣ̻ɽ֮䡣
ָΪ׭ʣԸ֪ΪƣΪԴȪɽʯϡСҶ׭һƹ켣
ʼơ١ϼ׭̡
ƵģڱѰħˣϴķܣһЩû˶ƣΪԵúǹŹ֡
Ȼ֣ûȥֹΪյķԸҲֻ֪Ѱʲô


λƣһ¹ȥ
ȥϴķݼţҶԿݣΨһЩ滨ݣںҡš
Ѱ㲻ʧйѲ֮ǰ֡
ϾϽΪ۹֮ÿ춼ʺ䶯Ĵ·Ҫʱʱ̵̿ţǲܵ顣
Щʱ䶯Īһеˮһɳһ֧ӴʹţǰϽǰݷá
۹һ֮䣬Ų֮𣬳սѪϡ
һ֧ˮһʹͻȻǰãȻ˸עϽҲһȻ󲨡
ڴ⣬ˮһʹǰĿģֵǣԴһ֧ʹŵִϽ֮󣬾פڳһɵ۹רṩĹϽУȲãҲ¶ԼǰϽǵĿġ
ⷴľٶõϽһͷˮ
ΣΪ۹һ֮ĳޣõѪ꣬ܵۡ£ҪɱЩڰ飬Ϊսɳϵĵ۹ʿ
⡰ۡˮһʹŵľס֮أͨ־֪۹Դʹߵ̬ȡ
£һ֧ˮʹžǲðͷһǳ㳤Ͻ̻ļơ
۹ҵ̬ҲΪ֣һ֧ʹŲܲʣ·͵ǲһ
Ե̫Ѱˡ
źǣȴû֪Եɣʱƣһ֧ˮһʹŲʲôٶõϽǸҲȥע
ˣЩϪƺ⡢ɷּ֧ҵϵҲ鷳ϣ粨
ӵеĲҵڽЩƵƵֵܾĴѹѹۣӰ쵽ǵĲƸ롣
һ졣
Ϫϵִһ»㱨Ϣ
峤ƿصġѪʱ⣬ǰЩһѪȫҷ񶨣Ըչ˵ǵѪƷ̫ˣҪʮһļǮۣǿɾͿˣ˵׬Ǯܡ
ˣǳӡϵ䵤ҩҲҵʽ򡣡
ͳƣһ£ǾͿʮң̬Ƴȥһ꣬Щҵֻ¡ֻ¾άϵȥˡ
ɬ档
ɫҲ࣬溮˪޵ݶҧ飬̫һ˰ǣ
ѲЩԾֱڣڸҿ϶һıĶ
峤ֹϪϣƺ⡢ɷӵеĲҵҲһܵش
ѵΨǱӵеĲҵûܵ˿Ӱ죬ǰˣͲԾˣ˵ⱳ᲻ǱϺϴķСһĹ
ϻ㲻ģҲضйأ
ŭѿҪƲסŭͬʱҲЩɲܹͨյֶǣɲһܹ쵽ġ
ѰСӵͣб֧֣ҲԲһ
ʱһɫ
˻ûѾɿ峤ѾˣЩڰǵĻ֣ʯիʯҡ۹ѪҡԼ̡͡Ҷҵ
һֻ֣Դ˵һ׻Ӳǣ˶ˡ


382 ֮
Ҳ֪˶ãŴһɼ𾪷ŭ״̬лָɫǱޱȡ
̫̫
գվûס˻Ұް㣬ͨͨڵء
ֱӰ취ϪҲ룡
飡
һ£ǰ빺ըը飬ĩ
ʱϢŰ񱻱Ƽޣ۾ͨ죬Ѫ㣬
ֻãȴȻУ˫Ŀʧü価Ȼ
һʯիѾ㹻ˣֶѪҡ̹ԼǡҶңȫ˲ȥԿͷ
̫ǿˣ
֪ǣҲ֪ƾϪϵĵ̣¾ƺ⡢ɷң˼ҵĶ֣
Ψһҵǣ̵ֻϵʧԷûб¶ҪԸϪϵļ
һֱ־Ƴȥһ죬Ϫϳ׼ֲס
һ壬ҲҪӵԴ֧ŵģûԴǾֱҲԶˡ
Ѱ
Ѱ
ԴĶϴķ壬ûһͣɱѽͷ֮ޣ
һΣһ˺޵ȵزʵվǲпģѰϴķ壬и໤޴֡
ô죿
飬˼С
ֹϪϣͬ龰Ҳƺ⡢ɷּ֧ϵš
Ѱı
ʯ飬ɡڤҶСߣ붯ԱϪƺ⡢ɷּ֧ϵı
ͲսͿԲޱȵĴ
ƻѰ֪ģһжʯȥͳﰲţʶѰ˿̲Ϫƺ⡢ɷѾһ粨Уܴѹ֮ࡣ


ʱ󣬾ѰһѾȥʱ䡣
ϴķϣյͳﰲ£һһ־Ȼ̬Ʒչ٣ȻѾһȽȽļ
ÿ˶æµţҲߣǰ䵱ˡʦĽɫ
һУĿǰѰ޹ء
ʱ磬ïʢʲݣԵݣΨһԺ
ѰһƬϣɫרעմָڵϹա
ͼһƵɫıʷ棬ȵ֪Ԧţ׭̳һ켣
ǹ켣ˮȾһ˿̻Ϣ·ȻʹȻȻ
ûãѰָ̧׼뿪Ȼһ˿ԤףӰͣ٣ĿһƬء
ͼ׭µһͼϣһĨǳɫѿƿǶȻһ־˵ٶɡҶѿ
գ֮䣬һһ߶೤֦Ҷ̵ķβѳ죬ڷҡҷ涡
ڿϣһͼʧ
һĨЦ⣬ȻѰǡ
ЦԵ쳣ãΪһĻһϣ顱ز
ν飬֮ԣ
ͺñȸղһβݣǱһľơ˶صԣ㣬գۼٳɳ
ͺñȡʯɽ𡱰㣬΢СۣȴŻΪ
һϾͱ顱
ڵϣΨġƴʦʸȥա顱İ
ܹա顱ƴʦ޼ڷëǰĴڡ
Ϊһ̫ˣ㣬ƵֶΣĳƷԡԡӵ̫ɬ
һЩƴʦĹһӣ츳Ҳ顱ż
Ѱ֪Ī裬ա顱Ҳһߡ
һ֮ɾͺñһȵǰŻһ磬⣬һƬأ
ȫͬ硣
ڵ۹Уϵֻա顱ֶεƴʦӵгΪʦǱ
ҲΨһսװʱ
˶ԱȣͿѰᣬƿء顱ֶΣǺ֮޺ͳȻһ¡
ȥֻ¶û˸ţһ꣬һλӵС顱ƴʦ
һжѰԣֻһ£ȴ̸һ˲顣
ΪСʱ¹չʾࡰ顱ֶΡ
¹ҲһĵĿ˵һ仰飿ߣ㲻ʲôֻ֤ѾһϸʦˣԺ·ء
仰Ѱ񶼼¡
׵ʱΪܹ顱ܹԼһѧͽɳΪһ𾴵ʦ
ѾˣȻ¹ԣ顱㲻ʲôɶʦԣһǵܰ쵽ģ
Կʼ׼ˡ
Ѱһ૳
ĿᶨһԵɣٲǰЩǰտħ
УЩһйһĸ򣬽ԳѰ衣
ѰǣЩĥڵΪԲزʱͻ麣ڵļ
ؼǣǻȵתշģʹָƿظоû˵ΪΪǣļԦסļ
Ǵһõô
ÿһ׭ƣҪ׼ƿغͼԦͺñǧٴδȻƿշ硣



迴ŰǰʮƺõӣϲһĨЦݡ
ʮӣеǹҲиṳ棬ʽȫͬ
ѰԸæƵģÿһĲʣԱʦƳĵؽ
ֻɻǣѰҪЩʲô
ûãѰӰ׼ӣҲΪ⡣
ڶһϣȷһλѵõ˲ţЩƵѿƾƷ
ʱѰεһɶͦ㣬ɳȻ
ʮ𣬷ԸʱУͰҼӣԶԵؽı׼ƣһרȡġ
˵գѰѴҴҶȥ
һ㶣һͷˮѵλСүԼȥ
ǰҲ˵ѰҲһλʦ۹һӢսѰơ
ֻ軹벻ףѰΪϴķ֮һλϵţΪη²ȴƫƫȥĵЩ⡣
ֹǲҵֱѾһ˿ɥ־ļ
ջûס뷨ϵϵҲһģѰҪʲô
ϵָ˴Ѫ
ûãϴķ˶֪ѰλִϴķּҵСү²ɣȴȥˣ
˶ʾǣϴķϣѰλִ߲ҵȴϣǿô졣
ΨСһѰǲҵСԭһ츳Ȼޱȵʦòã
ȻСҲܺ棬Ѱµ׼Ҫʲô
֪һЩԵɣȴû취˵ϾսװԵ̫ˣ˵ȥһȻ󲨲ɡ
ȻջǿԿ϶ѰĿǰҪƵģ϶սװΪսװҲǿһЩӾƳġ
ôѰʱҪʲô
Ҳ档


383 ҵж
ڴУʱܿȥ졣
Ѱһֱչϴĵ㣬㲻¶棬Ҳ޷֪ʲô
ܿ죬˶ʧȥģΨС桢ȼһֱעš
һ죬Ҵϴĵ߳
СĿ뿴ȥУһֱȺϴĵ
߳ѵѰѳˣ
Сֵǣʱɫ˵Ĺ죬üһɻ֮ɫ·ʲô𾪶޷顣
ôˣ
С̲סʳ
ȴγѰ㣬һŻָѣסһЦп󰡡
˵ţСմһط䣬һӣʮϼֶ
ʱ֮䣬бһƬ貵ĹѤĿ
ǹꪡᡢ桭ʮȴʮȫͬϢ
һ鵶ϣɫϼƻãͨ飬ͷųһ˵Ϣ
ܿ˺ѵڰ
ͲҽͣСɫԸһĨ𾪣Ӳ
ʮؽƷ
ãСһ
ӹɣѰֻû뵽ǣʱ䣬ѰƳʮؽ
Ҳ˵ÿһ춼Ƴؽٶȼֱ̫ˡ
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ȼΨ麣߲ƿأӳȫܣȴ֮鷳
һԣһλƴʦҲҪʱ䣬Ƴһؽ
˶ԱȣͿ֪Ѱٶȵı̬ˡ
СԾǣǵãѰϴδʮӣͬʮؽǰζʲô
ζѰʱﵽĳɹʣһʧܹ
̬ٶȣĳɹʡһȴѰһʦϣСҲ𺳡
֪Ѱ輫䲻޷ΰ쵽һģֱ̫˼飡
С𵴲ݵʱҲˣγоɫһǡؽ鱦
鱦
ǿıӵųܣ类ϲԴ͸֮
۹УһЩ¯ƴʦܹƳ鱦ģɾָˣ
ѰУֹƳʮһ鱦Ҳ޷ֵ
ϸ˼ּ
ڵϣʮʦȻϡ٣ҲûУܹѰ㣬൱һƳؽлһ鱦ģȴҲһ
ʱСҲףΪθղżʱɫ֮ˡ
˭һĻֻ¶޷ƽɣ
ϾһԵҲ
ү˵鵶ԽãԳ䵱Ʒй֮ˡ
죬Ҳſڡ
ľƷǶϲܳġ
ΪȻ
ƷǴֻ迪չһЩ˻ЩѡγһЩ˲š
С˼ͳ߱ѪӪνĿ˺ͽ򣬿νһ
ЩΪԺҪϴķѡγһЩ֮ģֱ׾ٵ顣
ûãҾ뿪ǰȡʮƺõӣͷϴĵ㣬ЩӽѰ


ȥ
һδϴĵ߳
Сն죬ԭΪѰһʮʱ䣬һҪʮҪķѵʱӦûġ
ɺȻǲ´ˡ
ΪǣҲ˵ĽɫҲһѾʶѰĲ
һ߳ϴĵʱɫɻ㱡𾪲ѣԵòѰˡ
ܿ죬Ҿ˵˴𰸣ʱ䣬Ѱ˳ʮؽûһʧܡ
һβͬǣһε鱦
˻
⣬Сһ𵴡
鱦ǿĴڣһλʦܹƳһ鱦԰
ɶѰԣ鱦·Ѳһ޷⣡
ϴʱ䣬ʮؽֻһ鱦
ճһпͬ죬ʮؽ鱦һϵĽٶȿ湻ģ
СһʱҲԡ
һƳ鱦ͬѰ£ֱһͭﵣһļס
ҽգ
ʱƣֹ졣
ѰһƳʮżؽһ鱦ͬûͻơ
ɼˣҲСվʧ̬ѡ
ãһ֮ѰһҵжСս԰һ
˵ʵѰǶԼܲܳסǽ𾪡
ͨЩĹ۲죬Ѿղ֮ǰǰ㻳ѰǷܹսװ
ҲڴĿǰѰӵе裬֤ܹսװǱܣ
ʦⱲֻ¶ӵʸˡ


ϴĵС
Ѱڵϣͷ顣
о׽һѩӤΣȾӴҩԶԶϵزڽһյ
ЩУ˴ǷϴԼһ
ָǿȵĶЧҲǾ˵ģֹƳ˴ľƷؽһƳ鱦
֮⣬Բز麣ΪҲ˳ͻƣ̤麣ڣ
սٶϻǣԿɽ壬֮ǰǰۼѡ
ͬʱΪҲԽһʶУѵŰٿŻǣ
λðǹʶԡУֳһޱȵĻ档
ЧҲǼģѰ׭ͼʱܹɾ׼ȥƿغͲ׭ʺī
Щٶ֮˿죬ΪΪ֮Ľһǿʹһз
ܿ죬ѩӤνʣһؾɳױһա
ѰڸɺԵ»ָĵɫӯ½ӳǴ籩кب캣֮䣬Ļֺ
Ѱ𣬺տȻͦ㣬Ͷ֮䣬ȻԨsţȻ֮ơ
ûٵ飬Ѱ߳ңֱϴĵҵҡ
ҲЩ鱦׼ô
Ѱʡ
ү׼ˡ
ţ˰ǷֱȥʯɡҶСߡڤ
ѰԸһ˵֮һҳһ˰ɡ
үҪȥģ
һ
ӺͻǶԾ֮ѹȥ֮ãѰһֱǱϴķϣһҪȥʲô
Ѱ룬Ҳûʦܲ


384 ʦ
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ʯŶȣЩüؿŶѩͤ
ѩͤ΢Цţɫ
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ѩֻͤȣĿɾͲˣпһڵܿһЩʲô
ʯʱЦˣɫ両һĨʯիȱʲôߣȥѰ´ٸ˼⣬Ժͱˡ
ѩͤȴЦ£»ȥû취
ʯߣӴѰƢ湻ģ
ѩͤæҡͷˣѰõܾ޴⣬㲻£Ҳһۣ޷⣬ٴȥҲԽˡ
ʯЩͷˣ򿪰ɣҾͿѰСӸʲô
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ͼһͭﵰУͭﵳĴ磬棬ͨӡŷܵĻɬƣǵ䰵ɫ⡣
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ЩӣʯǰƲϪƺ⡢ɷּ֧ϵһδ̵ѹõ֧ϵ鷳У粨ϡ
ȶ飬Ѱȴ
ʶʱҲרΪһһһ鱦ΪԼ⡣
ȻѰҲΪԼһսؽ鱦ϻꡱ
ڡս鱦վֻ˽Ʒ鱦޷ӵ麣ΪѰ


һʻϴķ壬Ѱʦܲȥ
ûãϪִյϢ
͵һҧСðͷˣȥƺ⡢ɷҼǰд̣
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£ܲޣ
ʱǶѲϣȥϴķ壬ֻŸɱѰ׽ǰ
λӽ뿪ϴķ壬Ƕԣһɱѻᡣ
ɫɱ磬һֱ໤Ӳƴϣ֪λӦ֮ߣ

֣ɽƽȵĿܶʱʧ룬һޱȵĺˣѹǧˣں͵۹廢֮һĻԿѰɱȣ
ңһϴķūţɱҲһλ쾳ڣ
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ܹ붯κһλӭж⡣
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У
ʱ񶨣Ҫ壬һһʲô飬ϣ˼̫ðգϲô
ǡһЩ쾳ݽɫһ
ƽȳڡ
У̫ðգ⻹ǺѰƴһʯٵʱ򡣡
ٴη񶨡
ʱɽƽȽĬȻˣȴżսҲ֪Ǻá
ڴʱһ˵Ѱǰʦܲ
ԣһ㶣СȥʲôѵһЩʦΪЧ
ȴɽƺʲôЦڣа취ˣ
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ǺǣһһǸұ֤ģʦܲҿɾ޷סСˣֻҪǽаȥλֿһ
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£λȻˡ
ɽ΢΢һЦһӡ
ʱİ壺ô²˳٣ھͿʼжɣ


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Ѿˣܻóʦ֤Ȼһϵ츳ΪԸȴ̫ˣƴʦ֤ͨģ
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385 žű
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387 ܲ׾
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ڣȴðһ죬ҫۣ꣬һϣһ˿ܡ

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ҲڴʱͨһУʧǡ˫Ŀһ겻ģ
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˿Ҳ˵ͷ˵ˡ

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գʯͳͳܾƴǵ£ϵѰԺǰֲ̣ã



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399 һɳ

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ϣѰڣƽ䣬䡣
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ЩԼûע⵽ɵõѰѣԼȥʱȻͷ֣ЩԾ
Ѱѡÿһ󣬶׼ÿһƹ켣ϣ·һȱ©޷ӿĻ۽𾦣
ϣصѰɵһѧɲ
俴׾ֻ֪ǲϱ任֪ѰĻԲǿ̸еķʸһѪָ㣡
ֽ֡ϰҡҡ
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⣬ЩС󣬲֮ǰ˵ڰŷһϵȱͳ
Ѱ⡣
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֪һ¶һĨ˳
Ҳ档
ȱв٣Եıʷȱݡ
ѰĿһƳ֪˫֣ǰıʷʺ㣬ҽĻԡϸ壬ƽֱΪıʷ
ʷ⣿
֪ȻɴûԼɵһЩ󣬾׫дʱıʷɡ
һС⣬ױԵ
˿̱Ѱѣ֪вһ˼
ȴѰŵ㣬ҲͬԣǾٶȿ죬֪ĿȽϳɫӦһطܲú÷ŵ㣬ԺŲɹĺô
֪һȻû뵽ͨһͼѰһ¾ͿƣԼһصܣ
׫дƵٶ֮֮죬͵һ洫ط
ȥɣڶ˹
Ѱ˻֡
ȴ֪һɫӿһĨĵ壬һлϰָ㣡
ҲǴ𾴡
ĿһУѧɲ
ѵѰܴһͼУͿϵȱ©ͳ
ܿ죬ڶѧѰǰ


404 ۷
ƺȷѧȱ㣿
Զһϰ졣
ǡ
ϰҲɣģǾԵ̫𺳡
ͨһСתƣжϳһѧ裬ҿԷһѧ׫дʱȱ㣬Ȿš
ߣŪ飬ѧֻǳʦټϱ壬ֱܷٺû
мߡ
ǾͼȥһʲôߣѧϣԷֱ١
سڡ
ϰ԰ͷ
ʱҲ棬ѰֲԷ̫رˣ֪
˷УǿɾζţڲԳʦķϣͽٶһ֣һִ١

ʲô֣

úͼˣʮƹ켣ǳһһٶʮĵƹ켣֮ȱʧƽ⡭
ϣѰɿ죬ɡ
棬ŮѧɫãȻҲû뵽Լ׫дͼУ˶΢СĴ
˵ʮŮ۾ӿ⣬СϾǺ֮ɫ
С죬
ѧ̣оѰ̫飬ܵһС棬ҿôëֱϧ񰡡
ѰҲ˼Լǲ̫ˣȴһ濴Ѱֽϰָҡ
࣬ᶨ
ȻҲһҪǿŮ
ѰҲٳɣйϵȱŵ㣬һһ˳
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֮һѧʶǰλѰϰһд£汾Ľɫ
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ֻأԺ棬ѰͨһСơ쵽һģ
ѵУҲעİأ
ЩϰƱԺеʦһƴʦһȻǳִŲѣѰʶصһֶΣȻҲĶ治ѣһ̽⿪аء
ΨмһڵӣƵģһȲʵģ
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ԽֽŵݹȥѰĿһɨ͵ݻ
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Ѱ֪ʲô𣿾Ǵﵽµı׼ˮƽ˭һ˿ȱ©
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ˣǳǿߵġ
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СҺڿξ飬ȴһֶصķһѧ۷ѾֵóƵ
𡰾֮ƴʦֶΣȻǷͬ죡
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˶٣˵ڣұΪСתƵİأ¿֮ÿ˶ҪȫĲմƣԺнʦעҪá
˵ʱѰͷҲأȴڱĺڰϣԷ۱ʿٹ
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Ƭ̣Ѱ۱ʣǺڰϣѶһСתͼ
ס´ϿǰҪǶԴƽƿأ˳ɼǵĻֹҹ
Ѱ˵һ䣬ת߳˿á
ЩѧһһźڰϵƣĿУǾ֮ѻȸ


405 ҵ
ʱ䣿
ʮ롣
⡭
ԶĿѰͷҲأһ͵Сתƣһڽϰʱɵֶ֪һЩʱ䣬ѰһܸӵʱнԲһĨ⡣
ǣ˶̵ʱа쵽һ
ٶȿ죬ʱҲԴӲ֤һʦ裬Ѱ̬ģǾ޽Уȴ֮٣
ƱԺУҲֻܰ쵽һ
Ѱѧ߳·Щɫ΢ĽϰʱЦ˵ͷ;ֱȥ
ѧϿʱע⵽ߵĶҲغͷмִ֮
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ΪѰرûоԼȥһ߽ʦƽϣδԵ̫ˡ
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ǴһٸһԣѰ֮ǰǿ̬Щѧһÿθûϣ
淢ǵ飬Ŀɾĳˡ

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ǺڰӡһСתħǵ
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ߣŮЩ޼ŲһƱԺеһſ϶Ѱʦעġ
㣿ǺǣҿʯŲࡣ
һŮţĿȴһԼͬس־źſøȥɫһĨ˷ܡ档
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ʶһ¿ΣʹҴұ־źѧãҪһѰɡ
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صһƴʦҲڣֻǵЩѧʱԾת뿪
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֪ĽֻΪհѰķʱЩѧĪһԺ
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ʱţܿʮֽϣдּ
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Сֽϰ
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ѰȻǣЩѧõѧδ뿪ڴλãһҪѰڿεļơ



406 
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ڣһѧɫ棬ż¶˼ϲáɻ֮ɫ
⣬ڡǰԱѧõѧռݣһ˽
վ׶ׯࡣ
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ѰƽȴһѻյЩѧж־ӿ



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ԭСֽ̹УЩѧǿõһģ


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һʱϰѧѰĿԱøӣ뵽һֱ׵ı־źŰ࣬ȡҫ۵ĳɼѰƺɺܲ⡣
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һߺڣָɽӡ



410 ͼذ
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ѰƲյı仯Цݱã˵յĽҲԣڳԺȷҪַҡ¶һ֣


411 
Ѱ˻ζʮ㣡
óΪЦĳΪӣƳɽӣ͸ûʲô
ϾɽҲǳˣձ㣬ǳ岮
ȫѰĵӿδ߯ˣ
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Ϊ⡰̫֮ǵۺеʹĪ
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Ѱһ޸ʧܣעٵ֮ʱֹɨأֻ»ܵһԵ۹ҵֻ
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ƱԺĽϰѧҲвǴ¹ѧԺԺֵʦΪ׳ۡ
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ⱨֶΣ湻ݵģ
ûгɽӹҪֺƴѰôȻҲܱѰлɳˡ
һӣɽɫޱȣ޷ĵķŭָѰѰ֪ЩΪθղŲңҪڿѿ
Ѱ˸ۣԺ֮޸ҲûѹҰ
㡪
ɽĿѣʺһ𣬲ͿȳѪ
ôãû뵽ͷѰݺݿһѣҪƲסԼ
ôˣһóԺˣ
Ѱһģ˵ˣҿǰѧԺ޸֮νǴһΪԺӦҸ˲ŶԣΪΡΪֻᱻӣɵ𣿡
ɵƶ֣ɽ̲סŭ𣺡СӣҪ̫
ŭݣɫЩԵЩɲõڳһʦɫ΢䡣
̫Ժ˭֣Ӧø
ѰȻЦҲѹңӦ¹ѧԺģңƨ˾ǡ
˻һصһڽϰ𵴣û뵽Ѱһ˻ĳȥ
Ѱˣʧɾ޷ˣ
ϾѰѲֹһ׿ƴʦǰ򵥣޸սװ
һƴʦ޲ߵܱ֮Ѱٶ̶̼޸˲ţҳ
ԣѰ˺ݻЩϰ޷򶨣׷Թɽ̫֣ѰƱԺҲǳΪϽһЦɡ
Сӡݣ
յı仯õóɽӱ÷ζըҧгݵصѰһۣתȥ
ȻѰвҲұֵֻ̫ݱܷâѡ˱ܡ
Ѿڵͷ
ɽʵȨԺѰֵûͷ߷Ǳȥһп
˭һѰĴжᷢ˾˵ת䣿


415 ۺ뺯
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ֻһּƯķʽ߽һԳɽӵıΨѰԼ̶У˶ٵѪ;
⻹һȥ޸һսװһһ˿أͻ١
д˾Ϳ֪Ѱ޸ʱѶˡ
˵ǰʱУͲйһ˿Ϣһֱڽʾ֭뾡һа취ȥŬ
գɹˣ
Ĵ۾ǣ۵ٲ붯һ£˯˯һ찵ء

Ѱ˯ͬʱйһ޸֮ĶҲܿɢһʱ¹ѧԺһȻ󲨡
ֱҹɫʱϢһ籩ʼϽвɢ˲֪ٵĺ䶯ͻȻ
ѰֱҪ찡
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ⱾԵúܲ˼顣
ʶҹѰٴһŰɢϽÿط˸ۡ
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ϴķܻ֮ǵš֮ʮƴʦ޸֮¹ѧԺһȽϰ
Ѱϣһһҫ۹⻷ÿһҫ󣬶һ䶯
һʱѰŽϽǲһʱ䣡

п֣пŵ
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һܹƳսװƴʦǿɾԲǺ飡
ҪǣѰ޸ģǵۺеһۺɿܲע⵽Ѱһ꿡ܵĴڣ
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ԭѰǿ𣬾Ѿ֧ϵƮҡĶС
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Ѱƾ޸ֶ֮Σһһȫ¸߶ȣӮ
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Ѱӳ˯ǰϻ㱼·ٴһĿյ
۾Ѱһһ˼֮ɫգǿס嶯ʱҲȥء
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εǣѰûоʱȥء
ҪڿΡҪĥҪϰơҪȥעϴķϵһˣҪҵĴ
£ѰĻ˼ȥأ
οѰͨؾƴĹأȻΪ򡱣˼Ͽ֪˹ؾˡ
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չһѰֱ߳˷䡣
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˵̸֮飬˱黹۹֮ҲѰܵʶ
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ؿЦãһӡ׻뺯ǵۺ뺯ġ
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ؼˣ̲סۣòĽ͵Ѱ֪һ뺯жٴԴòĪܹμģһҲһλһ
Ѱɸоû˼μӵĴ˵ãǺʲôϵ
㰡˵ʲôãֻҪǰμ磬ƾ޸֮ĹϵĿܲܵۺʹͣ
Ҳίֱ׵ظѰһЩμʵʺô
ȻѰЦЦУҰæһ
ؽסһЦСӻأ˶һٵۺĻᣬСƫƫں˵һЩôʱ򣬲ĺӡ
뵱ۺ磬аʱ䣬ѰҲû̫⣬һÿڿΣǾ
ΨһĸıǣÿһڿʱԺǬĴУ𱬣ÿζϯ
ǰεģֹѧҲƱԺһЩϰƴʦ
ǳ棬ȫɽ˺ݡ
һУŶǰѰɹ޸֮ͣʦԣѰӵе裬㹻òƴʦ۷
ʱƣйصۺϢҲʼܵϽǵĹע
Ϊһ磬б֮꣬ʢ󣬿ƿǰ



416 
һ죬ۺٳˡ
ѰִڳǣԸȥһڳǡ
ڳǣڵ۹֮̾أ˵ѰһЩҲԽ롣
߽У߽һ磬ȥΡֺĹϽ峿ϼʥĹԡ
УƾС֮Уԭǽʵֺ̫룬ޱȡ
ʹλúܺңλڳߵ룬һ۾ܿһʮɵİֱͨʹǰ
࣬פɭϵĻʹһִɫɱˡ
ѰִʱҲѵִǹһЩϢĴʿѰҲľ
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ѰⲽǰУһǰڳǣȥ֣ܹϽһ˵ĻͻϢ
׵۹֮Ͻֺ֮ʢΪλϽ֮صڳǣȻѰɱȡ
һ·ϣѰҲϳĿԴɫ۲ѡ
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ǰ߱ѪӪʱұΪ۵ƷϣӦʤһڲŷ֣㵱ʱ۵أӦòֻǵһƷǰ򵥡
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ѰһУЦЦҲûʲô𡣡
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˶٣ü䷺һ˿ɫοǰƾ麣Ϊܻ麣ڵĻǣɲ˭ܹ쵽ġ
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㲻ػشңֻҵƲ⡣
ϬĿŲƣңңԶΡĻʹǰЩӣ֪һЩ飬׵۹֮⣬һƬΪصĵطŹϵĵͳɾĸءԼԴ
Ѱ𶯣ĪأʮǰһѪɱ¾ǸɱԼĸ˵ף
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е˵ΨеִѰٵĵ;ʥͬ٣ֻǣ˭ʸǰ
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ѰЩ¿жϣϬص򾳣Ȼ֮أ
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ʱ꣬Ҳ֪ǿ˺εȵز롭Ҳ麣Բزɣ
ӰϳݣǵһλպүԾط
һλ衢ᡢ콾µǣҲ֮ǿ
ǰԾطʮ꣬ӹ壬Ϊ¥һŮӣ͵ɱʮߣֹǿжŮӣһѻ¥ϽĪ𶯡
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ۣѰף֮ԸϿ񱼣ԭӺգ޿֡
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ɣ
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ʱ𾪺
һĻ̫ͻȻһ߶ԣܶ
˵ʵѰҲȷЩֲֻǶսĥıܣʶӰһ̤һȥ



417 쭵
ī˫̤գˡ
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һԵĿֲƣȻѰΪıϯ
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һ壬ڱ߽սպ콾һĹйӸ硣
ɵ֣ڳһУ¶ɵ֮ɫȻжǿƤ£ӵһħĳ

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ᣬǽƵӣһֶصʡ
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˵գ˾㵵Ŀע£ת󲽶ȥٲѰһۡ
βɱ㣬⣬ӣ˵޸֮ȻˣӽȥҵĸۡΪЧʮأҿԼ̣֮ʱڣԼú˼ɣ
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ȴԵúܲһֱҪƺѹѰԵü֮Ե
ʱѰҲ׹˼죬ɹȻҡͷϬ˵Ҳ߰ɡ
˵ţҲѪ߰ߵīʬ壬Զʹȥ
㲻ģ
Ϭ̲סʡ
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Ѱʼ޶˶˱۸лᣬҲλһԾһȾ˭ĵӴ󡣡
ϬһͲٶԡ
뿪ûãǸ˾
û뵽һ͸Ѱˣ̫˳Ծ
ǺǣǰѰʱʱϽиɳһЩ䶯飬Ե÷ޱȣһºˣֺ˶ϣעҪù
ùģѰ֮ݺ͵λ׺ᣬҪѰֻҲѡ
Ȥۺ绹ûʼͷѪȳͻעˡ
򶼻ˣѰˣ
߰ɣȥʹпһ֪ˡ


418 
ʹǰһˮء
ˮУһͷ״ţȴһϽǵޣſУ˫պϣڴ
ÿһ·˳صӰԻŻŲ¶ɵ֮ɫСһʹ־Ǻ˯еޡ
ѰִͫҲһ޿ûʲô˵ĵطɻȴһޱȵϢ
ͷ·ʱͻữԽҷƵ
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΢΢֮ѰŲƿĿ⣬Ϭһ߽˻ʹš
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ϵĽУֺ֮أмĶ¯רΪ޽ҲΪ͢سĸ·ڻҵϡ
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ȥѡ
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㳡ϷֲһЩšʯ񣬽ԾףܿѰע⡣
ΪѰǣЩϣŷܵͼл㡢ǳҲ˼롢ʥоĻ棬һĹϢ
оãѰ˼ѿǹš񡢻ʯǸϣ̵ͼǹγ˱˴˺Ӧϵ
ƲⲻƬ㳡Զ۹ʵԱһƺƴĹǣ
Ȼһ̸Ѱüͷһ塣
ٺ٣Ѱ鷳ˣλˣע٣
СҲһʱ䣬ҲɱһɱˣԺϽĻݵ
ŰɣСӵ˿̫࣬ⱨӦ
˲ѰЩ⣬̧ۿȥͼԶĵطһЩŮԼָָ㡣
УȻлǺͻ޺۽ˡ
һӣѰˣԭϡѡ
ǷһĨȣֱ̧˹ȥһߣһЦⲻǻͻ𣬶ղǵɻúѰ
ǽɫʱǰ侺УǲѰУѰԼĿܻ᲻ŭˡ


ԱҲɫãѰֱˣֱ̫š

ѰЦֻһʣʲôʱһԾ
󵨣
޺۱ŭԾơ
ղ˵ҵӲȴ˵ҵӴҪҲһҵӾǴС
Ѱб˻޺һۡ
߰ɡ
һקס޺ۣŤͷߣ¿ƲסѰսӰ̫ˡ
Ҳ׷ŭѰһۣתȥ
ôЩһĵӶСˣ
ѰԭأƺЩʧ䡣
ʵеȷʧ䣬ǱƣЩ˶ڿ䣬Ѱûŭ
ȻƳһطвֻЦſԼоȻˣȻŷγ׺Ά
ɺ
Ҳ㣬ϾǻǣγǣɶϵŷеӵܣζǱгʶġ
ǣǵϴǧһЦ¥ʱʯѹδ޿Ǳһ͵͵̣ˣȻһñҲ̫˰ɣ
ѰǰЦΆ˵
仰һֱǵ˰ֹ̣Άɫѿ֮γ׶ɫࡣ
㡭Ҫ̫֣
Άҧ
Ǻ㣬ȴ飬һˣӶ͵ˣԾԺɴñӰɡ
ѰЦúܲãԴȴܶ񶾡
ۼҪΆγñߣʩʩȻתȥ
ַйѰԭܵŭ٣ЩδĿĴɨӴͼһЩϡˡ
־ٶԵúţĴѰһ
ǻʹأɭׯ࣬ЩȨﶼڴΣҲǻǣԼΆǸŭҳֵԭ
ƫƫأѰȴɵǶޱȣֱ޲ðѰ̻ҡ
ʵѰǲ֪ЩϣԼͲ˭ƫƫвţǾ̫ίԼˡ
οۺе֮޸ѰҲۺ飬Ƕϲ˶ͷԼ
ȻЩҪ
Ҫǣִ˵أԶ۹ѰȻʶһ⣬ŵԼϽһ췭ظĴǷҲ
Ѱǵãϴ侺ʱλûг֣ȴһ÷Žֹͻ֮Ķš
÷ŽǻһͷһĻҳԱܶá
ЩǣѰһ֣ܷλơ
ôĴţڣѰֿһλˡ
ֻ˳ʱȴѰЩ⣬ôҲˣ
ͼԶطӰǹ°ӵһ޳Ӱ㳡߿



419 Ż
Ůǹ°Χơ
ģ̸ǣȴͬһҡҫۣ˺ͬʱֲ¡
Ƿ绪
Ȼ£׷̣
ĵ۹Уֱ̼һȻĴڣֹһſϲһЩȨҲΪʶ
Уֱ̼ͬһҫۣ
ֻѰû뵽ڵۺϣˡ
ϸϸһ㣬ϴηֱ񣬲ҲһʱûԷط꣬𵱳ϼʱʶһЩӣѰҲЩп
̵ĸйҲܲоԷ񣬸ɾ˺׾øС
ҵѰڴƴءսؾʱħʴ߻ħ
Ҳ̵һĸο£Ż˽٣תΣΪ˳սؾ
ʶѰԣҲľˡ
СҲˡ
ξܹڵۺϼ˵е̹֮ϲ
ţСרдһ֧Ϊۺأǽһˡ
̵ʱ˲Сĺ䶯ĹӸǶԼİĽ
һЩȨϣҲֳһĨϲɫ
д˾̵ܿӰε֮󣬱ֻһޣܹܵȴģ۹ָ
Ѱԭǰкһ˶Χ£ȥѣܶӵ£ա
ѰҲ
˭룬ʱȺеȴһӷѰϸֳһĨϲ֮ɫЦųȸѰʾ
ȫȻɴ۾ƶţǰϲ̣ʱѰѣҲ̫ƽˣ
ѵǰʶ
һԵЩ졣
ô˻ᣬȴƲȺߵѰߣϲӯӯ˵ּ
һͷں㷢ľбԺ󣬶ͷӨ׹࣬鶯΢Цʱѩױ΢¶ոֳǳǳУϲԵ÷㽿
Ҳû뵽㡣
ѰЦпǰŮǰһ崺硣
ЦЦ̫࣬ߣȥǱߣһ໰Ҫ
˵ţȻѰ䣬Զȥ
һĻ˽¶֮ɫɸû˭׽
Ѱεºܣܹ˴
Ҳ̫ƽˣ
һЩȨˣѰʲôʱ򾹻̵
Ҳڳ˷Ӧǿңʵ̫йһһᱻĿע
£ѰͻȻֵ׽Ȼ˲뷨
ɺޣѰС㣬ҵһĲ
ԣСεһּүܹӽģ
أΪβ˼ҳ֣˼ڣ϶鷢
Щ˷߷߲ƽǶģĽͼʵ

ԶѰҲЩΣҿʲôкջˮˣڣȷпܻɱҡ
һЦ˵ǵģˡ
ѰӣʼҲֻˡ
̸ûһ˿ñط֮ĸңһѣ̸
̺Ѱ뿪ϼ֮飬ѰҲûʲôһ顣
ȴýζ˵û뵽һоȻô飬㰾ͷˣϽпɵйĴš
Ѱڵ³׳ҵ˿Ҳ١
˵ţԶȻһ󾪺
ףλĹԿ״ԪҲˣ
˵һ¹ѧԺǰɱءΪµ𣿡
ȻûȥҸо֮ԲȥֻרžΪμӴ˴ϾݣɺпܻЩǰĴʿʶ
Уͼһۣٷ꣬һȺĿע£˹㳡ϡ
ȻǽԿ˵ĵһףһλڳ߲ط桢Ϭ֮ϵ콾
ѰҲüΪףҲʯѾǰɱءһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ˡ
Ѱ˼̼ʱһ󾪺
߲ط棡
⿰ƽŵĳ߼ȻҲˣ
ѰͫһУͼԶطһͷ߹ڣü価꣬ڹ㳡ϡ
һʵâ¶
һӣѰ˸յִϽʱ·ɱ
ʱĳ߲ط棬Ѿ麣ΪѹȵֻΪѰ᧿ΣǺʥλ˳֣ѰͶá顱ȥº֡
뵽⣬ѰҲӿһ˿ɱɲһγޣǿס
ǻʹĽأ˵ɱ߲ط棬ǸҶ֣ҲȻܵԼΪΪ
ס߲طִһӱ࣬⻹꣬ûãѳ콾֣ܳעۡ
һЩ콾ס߲ط桢ϬЩ˸ҫֻۣЩ֣ѰǵһԵúİ
ƸǰĹԵһ¹ѧԺԺһλ̳λ麣ھ
ξǵ۹һҫ۵ĺ֮㣬ɱսϣֻʮ꣬Ϊ麣Բزս̬֮
񡭡
֮Щ޲һЩ޾׵ĴڣＸٻһ𣬿ڣȴǳԵúܺ䶯ˡ
ѰЩԾԭѾϬ˵յϻѳõ콾
ֻȴû뵽ô࣡
ӦöΪһ롮Ż硯ĻԵϾȻԵ̫٣󣬴һΣһӾѰٲǰŻ硯Ļᡣ
Ҳע⵽ֻƺȣھ͸Ѱһ䡣
Ż磿
Ѱһ
ԣУͳֲиأӵԴҲΨѰٵ;

Ѱʱݣ²ⲻԵ⡰Ż硱ͰϬ˵֮ؾͬһط
˵ڵصͳͨ콣ڡҲпܾڡŻ硱
㣬ʮǰּҷѪ¼֣ȻҲԹŻ硣
ݵ֮Ѱ̵ĿѲһ˿Ϭ֪֣ȴһڵơ
д˾ͿԿֻ̾һµǰˣ
㡭ԹŻ˽𣿡
Ѱһʵ
ܴйش˵صϢǴ̽ͨ콣ھǺεһڣɽԺȥΪĸ˱ṩ


420 ۺ
ҡҡͷҲֻżš
ѰвЩʧ
ޥģһۿѰЩԣֹӣϣԹŻĸˣƾʵֻҪúñ֣ץסһλõԼ֪Ķ
ѰЦЦɡ

ʱƣ㳡ϻ۵ıԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ֣Ȩ֮һԶĴһе̳ܡ
ѰĴڣҲܵ˲ٹעٶ̸һЩйĻ⡣
һЩǣ̸ϴķ壬̸Ѱֵпûּңֳһֵùעĺ֮㡣
տߣѰͻǵһԾѰϵͳɾ͡
һЩͨһĴѰܹ޸֮е棬۲ѡ
ҲһЩӺųѰģ̸۵ľһЩѰ顣
ԴӽϽǣȺ̫⵽Ӧʹ
֮ǰǱͣһ֤ѰѲֻѰдλϽϲһЩǣҲע⵽Ĵڡ
ȻѰĴڣֻǹ㳡ϵĻ֮һĿĽ
Ҳ˴ǰμģЩλߵȨЩ콾֮԰ʱ
Ѱͷͣվȱ̵ĳҲܻĹע
ס߲ط桢Ƹξȵ콾֮ӣͱѰܵĹעҪĶࡣ
ܵĹעҲԳѰһ
ǵ̵ˡ
ʳȺӵֵþֶ̾ΣɱȴûּңۼλݣҪԶԶһЩӵܡ
ǰּһϽǵһϵŷʱѰܵĹעͽȻͬˡ
ЩѰĺܵ·ڳ˶һȻעһЩν

ûãһϵ쳹㳡˶ͣжӵҲ֮ʧ
㳡ϵһʱׯࡢѻȸ
еĿⶼ뿴Զ۹
ʱѵλ
Ƭؼ䣬һĺİ죬һֱĵ
ͼ۹յĴţ쿪ĹŮͨ۹̨ࡣ
ۺ翪ʼˣ
£㳡һڱͣڹŮĴ£۹ȥ
ȥ׼ˣϣһҪúдܹ˳ɣ
գգ۾ЦŸѰУ콫Ϊۺ׳Ҫȥ׼
ң
ѰĿ̵ٻӰ뿪вһ˿棬ôԼйˣ
һ˼ţѾһŮ죬žʮŵ̨ף߽ǵ۹Ϊʥĵá۹
ֺ룡
壡
磡
Ѱս۹ʱĸ룬ͼһС㣬ͷǳ֮󣬽ɽ֮ΣУĹˣԵø֮С
֮Уһʯ͵ʯӡơ⡢׻ȵȻͼʣʥǷ
ԶԶһһʯͨ죬˲֮
ѰȻһ𺳣гӯһԵʥϢ꣬˭ڴˣֻ¶Ρ
ȷֹѰ͵ִݺε죬˿̽Զ¶ׯ֮ɫҸ
۹
ûãѰٹŮ£ڵ۹һİǰ
ϣʢһƣһ衢һܼ򵥣ʢ
еģЩʱһ¶ɫϲüңһ̾
һƣǹ͢𡰾𡱣˵ʮλ⼶ƴʦߢϰ䣬µĳƶɣһͼֵ
ŵ˵ܲ
һ裬ɫǳϣ뵣ȣҶ֮״ˮڱתһ䴼ķ㣬ֱ
˲裬顯ͬڻʹ֮Ʒ
һֱһö˿桢һöҡԼžӨڱʯƵӡ
԰ϡ֮ÿһֶƿ
Щܿ˴εۺ磬Ǻε֮ߣܹڵ۹֮ڣƷ˵磬Ǻε֮ҫһ¡
һ£Ѱòп۹ҵĲƴ֣Ҳֻе۹ң˴ֱˡ
һڱͽͷһɫ͢׷ԲԵ߿ڣۺ٣
糿ĺģֳɲΪ
ܹܵΪտˣֻ־ĸز
һ
Ȼλ׷ԲԵߣҲǹ͢һλǿĴڡ
ɺܿ죬ѰעͱͷһƬþ󣬽ϼ籡
ԼԼأܹһŮӰϣεڣݡ
ɽһۣѰη·ԵĲһӰһλʮص߸ϣ
֮һȣλ׷ԲԵġܹܡʱͱð·֮飬֮ȫû
кεȿֲΪܹӵƣ
Ѱ𶯣޷ƽ
ӹɣǶ֮ϵģǵۺˣ
˵Уһλߣ۵ǻϰ¡
ڻУ˵ۣۺΪ죡
һ̣Ե쳣ׯ࣬б
ۺ󣡡
صڻͻ͵۹һׯơ
λɡ
ϣϼۺº͡ƽʲôƣȴ˲¡
ֱܹܿʼһƪףĴǣٴ졣
ֱܹóһ뺣ʼ
ףٵ̣һڱͣ׳񣬵˴ʽʼˡ
ѰھμʱҲ׼һίҡ
ܹܡڣһ
߲ʨһǧỨһꡢϼ齃һö
Ԩɺͼһ¶һƿһԣ

һһˣһһ񣬵ʱʱڴһȻ
ʲôǧѩߡҶĵ˱ɢһıƾ䣬УԵΪͨ
˵ЩȨΪ˸ۺף٣Ի˲˼óȶضϡԢ⼪飬ֵҲ޷
ѰЩҲпЩϲȨǼҵۺóı֮ϡأ˵û˵
Ѱ겻ѵʱ򣬡ܹܡȻ˶٣ϴķϣһ֧
ȫʱȻһ֧
ѰôҲһλƴʦˣȻóһ֧׸ۺ
⡭̫˰ɣ
һӣĿⶼѰɫٶЩ΢



421 ֮
ձ΢ɫҲ΢ٶ¶һ˿ζ
һЩһӵܣ̲ס͵һЦȻΪѰ׳̫ˡ
һ֧
ʲô
ܹʱ֧ûһܣʲôúûУԲʲôѾõϡ
⣬͸СﻹУۺ񣬾̫ˣ
۹ֹۺҲ߾֮ϣõЩ˲Ρ
ǵƢ飬ֻѳͺЦ
ѰֲɵȻܲյı仯ֻԴ˲⡣
ͳȷûʲôԼƣɲֻǰ򵥣ŵۺʶ϶ʧ
Ѱܹ֮񵥣ɫҲһ˿ײ
ȻѰͳҲ֪飬ֻ֪һ֧ѡ
ΪʹеˣȻؾѰֵвһ̾뵱ε£Ҳ۹Ƴǡ
ּȴû䵽㾽ȵزϵ磬òһЩꡣ
£˼ܹܲٶ룬Ѿϣ͸ʽʼˡ
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ͣ
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˶Ķ棬ʼ䣬ղŵϣ˭ܹõȡ١
һЩͳܹǰеĴѿʼڴڴһݡʹܹ͡Լͷϡ
ܹܶЩ⣬֮ǰûᷢûǰȥ׼ʹ֮
ܹѯʣͼһĨɫϼϷɳ
һ˲䣬Ŀ֮£Ѱڵİϡ
⡭
ȫĿɫ΢΢ͣôܣ
УѰͳһ֧ΪᣬصۺȴҪʹͣ
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֮ǰǻΪѰ׳ۣһתۣۺһʹͣѰͷϣ˭ᷢ飿
ѵǰ򵥣
ͼ֮ϣۺģܲ𡮾֮ƴʦƿһ鵤͵һлɡ
˻
˵
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֮ǰܹ֮ʱûнúͺܺˡ
ѰƵıȻ͸ۺȻԽ޴ңΪ˱
ͨЩ˿ѰĿⶼøӣƴʦֶΣ벻С
ֻأԺܺ棬һȻܹõۺͻģ
ѵö󲻳ɣ
źǣǵۺ󣬻ѰǶʲôġ
Ϊܼ򵥣ϡ֮ʹãһã
˵֮͡ȫԱ˴˸ǿ
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лۺʹͣ
Ѱ񣬱л
ɡ
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ֹѰڳﶼ֪ۺʹ͵ĵҩɿѰ֮
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ҲΣ뿴һƿоװǺε鵤ʧǣѰûпֱӾͰѵƿ
Сһζܹٴγ翪ʼ
ͼ۹⣬һȺʢװáࡢٵȸŮʦ롣
Ϊ׵ĺȻ̡
ֻǺͬǣ˴ξһױݣںڳ٣һ۹ʽװɢһɸζ
СỤ̊λʦݼۺ£СŮӲţԸ׸һףۺǧų࣬룡
̺һʦ
ɣţ۹֮УΪף֪˴֮ʲôã
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ۺһ֪
ǳǳһЦ
ãǾͿʼɡ
ʱڴ룬ڳһƬյأ̶룬Դͷ֮ϣһʦ
һɲɫ񾲣ϣׯ֮ɫһϮװƽһɱ˵Ӣ
˶ڴӵ¶֮ɫȻܹõҲѡ
ѰҲǵһֳܹȥĻᣬҲӿһĨ档
λ۹Ĵޣһλ˿׷Ůӵнɾ͵ģ
£һ

һ󼤰Ķ쳹һϵİȻŭ
һ˲ѣ˻֮䣬߽ɳ۹жΪѪս
ɱ̣ʬɽѪ
ʼ½룬֧ӱԲø崡б仯
ѪսϣԴԴϵе۹ж֣ȥηĳƾײУη塣
׳Ѫӿ类εĴֲݣɽ㲻ϷҪ
ЩȨ׷£ɱϵѪͺͬһͬĸεա
Щˣһɺ飬޲ǻѪ񷣬޲ս棡
Ѱһ㼦Ƥ̫̫Ѫ̫磬˶޷ݡ
ﵽһ۷壬ѿҪʱӣ
ճ⡣
峺һֱٿȻ쳹ԭͼȵ޵ٴΰθߣ
Ȱ˸ֶѣȴһȫµ
ֻͷƤ飬ڵ糹ױȼǻըȫĶУ޷԰Ρ

ޣ޵֮ΪһһָޣɵƿأѴﵽһֳʥĵز
˿̣ںϣһּȵĵڴлصššÿ˵
һЩΪĥüʯĴʱݣʷ׳ʡ



422 콾֮
ԭ֮ٻϣľܻ֮ͣᱻӰ쵽
һд̫رһϣӵС֮裬ɰ亱
Ҫ֪ڴ˵УϹʱдһźɽӡǳ
д˾Ϳ֪֮İҲѰɱˡ
οһǰһʦǽ֮ĴʦҲԷѰ
һ£һ֧Ե˵ĳõ˶Ϊ֮𺳣ж԰Ρ
Уü䣬з֮ɣ촽ĸһֶصûʴǡƽڣ
ӳһк
ǱԨצ
黢Хȣ̡
ӥ糾š
滨̥ʻʣ
ԣơ
ǧţа˻ġ
ǰ;ƺշ
һһ䣬׼ɽӹô˷·𿴼Ѫսϣǧ۹սʿԡų̤ŵ֮ʬ߸迭
·𿴼ͻ͵۹ɽӵ֮ǡԡ꣬ǿǰķе
ǳʢȼյǼ£˻򼤶򿺷ܡ㽡ꡭ
ѰҲ׸Ⱦһθܵһ𺳣ľȼѪǿҵĹ
ɣûʴ
޷죬ӳ
͵أȻһ٣ɲǼ䣬ֻռţֻ͵رݺѹ֣һּȴƫƫйĸо
ҲڴʱһԵƣӴгʡ
գ۹첻ϣ
׳գҵ۹꣬޽
ʾһߵŵľףȫǱѹֵױ
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緢Ļɽйɽӣ
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Ѱͬ⣬ڽ۹֮ǰ̾˵Լ콾Ѱ벻Լʲôʱﵽ̡
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̰Ե渵ɫԲù죬ҲУ
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Ѱڵ֪һʱҲЩȻЩЦԷǣȷ̫ɺˡ
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УΪۺ󾴾ƵģҲרŰŵĸݣձΪ֡
ѰǣƷһ顱裬ɫĴˮζɢһȻůӿڡ
˲ϢѣѰ͸оԼƿٳٲΪʱԼдļ
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ѰһĨڽ¹ѧԺνǰΪ麣Բزƾϣ޷ͻơ
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Ѱ̲סɨˣȴƺԼûá顱ʱϢ仯
˼Ƭ̣Ѱ׹ԼΪѾ۵һּްۺ̶ȣֻͱһ㴰ֽͻơ
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뵽⣬ѰвˮһȻɣʼĵϢڹңڽеҲˡ
˶бϵĻᣬһʧ´Ҳ֪ʲôʱ
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˵ţܹܴǰϵɨӴˣڣ˭ԽȤԿվȥսԼϣ֮дĶֻ֣ʤɻý



423 Ʋ
ǰμӵۺ֮ǰϢ
˵˴֮ϣйŻĸǰܻǵʶпܻᱻŻУ
Ż磡
߶ԣ˵֡
ЩŷӵܶԣȴһƬͳĺ磬޷ӵųԴ
ܽУֱ͵ƽƣԾţ
ʶѳ콾ﶼˣξס߲ط桢ϬƸ
ǵģһ͹ŻйصĻԵ
֮ǰۺѾ֮뿪˵ҪӴλѡ
˶²ܹõۺԽӴѣ϶ԹŻĸˣ
ԣܹۺóҪһ콾ӵܽʹʱŻǿҵĹע
ΪҲ̫ײ²ˣνĽΪһ콾ӵܺúñ֣
ֻҪֵ㹻㣬ֹԻԵۺļνԻԹŻ
˵ĵط
һӣһһ콾Ľӿ־ü֮䣬ԾԾ֮⡣
λضѲ³ٰ˴ζԾ壬һǵλһ䡣
ܹ񣬻صǽжԾʱһбֽԻᱻۺǿС
˵⣬ܹɫһ࣬ǧѷ꣬ĪҪʧλҸ
˵ţ߳۹
ʱһڱ

۹Ĺ㳡ϣ֪ʱѱһ޴䳡ſɲ󣬲ݵı顣
ˣЩȨҲԾȻ˴ڵۺϯϾٰĶԾȷ򵥡
Ŀ۹֮ǰӲٳһ䳡
棬˴ǴӹŻĸˣ˴μӵۺ磬Ҳѡεӵ˼ǿУɾ͵ڻһԵ
Ѳ³ʲôĿ΢䡣
ǿʼԼӵܣһҪץס˴λᣡ
ΪֻҪܹУǰǹŻУҲǱЩŷĺô
ЩȨҪŻĵϸɲֻһʥǰ򵥡
еһЩֲĵͳԶ׵۹Ӱ죡
£ĸŷӵܱУܹǰŻУڵŷҲȻܵ۹Ӻշ
ЩȨﶯĵĵط
˵һԾȷѱòͬЩһ콾ǰŻС
ЩȨǣԼӵܱУܴٺô
Ѱԣĺܼ򵥣ûеͷû취±УҲھ뿪
Ϊϴķ壬ȥּصĿܾôһвܾ뿪
ΨһѰǣܹЩӹŻǰĸ˿У˽һЩйͨ콣ڵѾܹˡ
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Ѱ˴γлµ콾Ҳ뿴Щν콾ӵ˺εǿΪȻٿǷҪ
Σһ԰ס˴λġ
΢΢һЦ
˿أȻһ˸˵飬̻һڵŮ͸˸ˡ
ѰҲ⣬ЩԼεȺܰ
Ѱ
ȻһĮ
ͼԶͷ߹ڣü価֮ɫĳ߲ط棬䳯Ѱ
׼һһɱ㣡
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˵գŤͷȥ
ѰʱüԼȥһﱨһﷴ湻ġ
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зһĨǡ
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Կ˵ڶĳɼǶʵ֤
гҸǰϽʱҪɱңֻûԸֻû뵽š
Ѱڽһ䣬ʵζԾУɱ𣿡
һҡͷ϶Уǵۺ磬Ŀ˵顣
ѰʱЦˣô˵СӸղ˵Ҫɱңڴţඣ
ţ⻰ԵúܴףһߵŮҲһ죬һƵĵѰһۣ⣬ս㣬㲻ɱ㣬Ҳġ
ѰЦ˵ͷ
ʵ̸֪ɱʱзʧпܣ治ʹ֮ɱ˳߲ط棡
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أһޱȣȴһϮѪۣò쿡Ծط
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ĿͣӮˣΪЧʮٰ̹꣬øң
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ҿ̫¼ֵܲǮöģͺñһ߹Ҫ;ĴײȺ£
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424 ڳ
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߹ޱ
һ˶۾Ѱһ￴ͦ޺ģû뵽˺ݡ
Ҫ֪Ͻгİ裬ƥһеٮٮߣѰȴ⣬ǿƻֱ̫ˡ
һЩŮʣһҽѵӵܵ갡Ȼǰǿᣬ̬Ƕ̼
죬Ц֮ʱҵҪʲô˵
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ҪѰΪԼЧѲ͡
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һŮСʣС˵ģоղŷһʵ̫̼ˡ
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ˣҲŭЩӵ￴ģû뵽ԭҲ˼̱
ȰѰȴѰӰһƮƮ䳡ϡ
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ѰЦ˵Ļȴܲóв˶ɫ䣬ŭӡ
СҲ̫ţ۹֮ǰһڵ۹Ȩǰ޼ɵֱɱ
սҵûУֻͼ˺ҶԾһЩģⲻʲô
ѰԴõһȨﶼüǻʹأ˵˻ɺͳ
ѰעԴǡ
ܹܳѡ
ѰʱǸȻһЦʣһ仰˵ҾӦս
˶һʲô˰Ҳ̫֪ˣ
ͼѰһĿܣ忡ϸֳһĨ΢ЦᶨһһٵλģҲЩʧģ


425 ʲôǿ
Ѱһһغȳ⣬ǡ޺Щһӵɫ쳣ѿ
ӡֱɱ
ҲжѰģһµŮ͸оڵѰֱ̫һʵĴ̼С
Ψ̰ԿЦѰһ£ɰЩ˳׵ˡ
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ܹܳѣѴŲɵζܵۺλŻ˹עĶԾһ۹֮ǰȥοϣ
߲ط棬ղ˵ҵҪǷͰ쵽һ
ѰЦȴԶĳ߲ط棬һ˲䣬䣬һڴԨתһ֮ƣԵ쳣ǿơ
ߣ
߲طɫһ৵һӰ˸䳡ϡ
Ѱѵ˺ҵĶԼ
ˣȴɫһȳ
ΪѰη壬ҺԼԾʶѡ˳߲طΪ֡
ģȽ˳߲ط棬ʰҲ١
Ѱɫϼ⣬ںڳǿʢȻ֮⡣
жʱȻ𺧡
Ѱֱ֪ҪԾ֮⣬ԾΪ߲ط֣
һֵĿɹģѵҲЩĸע⣿
Ϭüһ˼

ʣǵһμѰ˰ԵǿƵһ棬ǷɣЦ˵ˣԵ˲ͬ
٣Ҿ͵ˣסˣһԼڣˣ
Ц
ѰĿ⿴ĳ߲ط档
ȴӵСϺѪ꣬˿ɫޱȣоŭ֮⡣
ȻѰղŵĻŭҪȥԾûУ
ѰֻҪлɱ㣬Ҿκ顣
߲ط佾ᣬ͸޾⡣
Ŷȥţƣ첻ɾ̫ˣ
ѰЦ

߲ط治ٳɣһһ貵ĹţһɱգնѰ
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Բزʱһʩչб󤿪·أѲ߮ʮƾס
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𶯣ѿһӲӲĽУѰռϷ硣
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ӣǿ
֮ǰСܡ
Ծʱʵûǿᣡ
Ѱı֣ϡ
Щ֮ǰѰһӣ˿ҲԾʶѰĲ
߲ط棬㻹ʲôֶΣ;ʹҷʱɾûлʩչˡ
ѰȻԴһ֮ơ
֮ǰĹ۲̽ѰѾȷĳ߲ط棬ǲֶΣѸԼ֣
ߣ
߲طЩɣѰ仯̫ˣͬϡ



426 ʲô
Ѱһ̤Ͻ֮ǰһɶݶߣһֻϵϣ׸
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Ѱ֪ʱһֺĴУۺ֮ϣںλԹŻĴʿ̸
ѰȷܲڹŻУҲƵǲɶõһֻδЩȱݣ̫޼ɣִ֪磬Ժı䣬١
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һ࣬һɫڣɫĮڣ¬ԹŻ硰ڡ
λҵǸо飬Ϊʺҡڡʮ㣬һУԽΪǰ;
ǸӳԴǼ価͡
｣裬ڡ
λѽԳƶѰΪ⶯ۺȴҡҡͷֻҪλʧˣڳκһӵܣԿԺһ뿪ӡС
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ѰףЩ£Ҳһ˽⣬ô乶ӲдҸһ


Ѱӻʹ뿪ϴķʱѾǱĺʮ֡
֪һ䳡ϵĶԾУַ˶ٳʾ׵ĶԾ
Ҳ֪ۺһϣʲô粨
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Ҳȥ¹ѧԺ٣˵Ҫһʱ䡣
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ҲڵϣйصۺϢ˳һ㣬ҹɫдϽǣһĪĺ䶯
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ǰΨһһõۺʹ͵ģ˼ʡ
ۣпѰ˹ʺˣ׳һ֧ȴۺʹ̫ͣˡ

ʲô߲ط涼ˣѰһƴʦսͣ
ֹǳ߲ط棬ˣһѰ¹Ǹ㶼֪ʱ˶䶯һЩ棬ûסѰ
٣Ѱôͣ
ʲôͣҿǲ֪һȻ˷ͷͬʱɾͰѵ۹Ҷˣ
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ȷʵ
ҲѰ䳡ϵı֣г޵ģҲֻġ

콾ȻѰдģ죬Ҳ̫ƽˣ
òᡭòСϲѰ˰ɣˣӵĿɾҪˡ
Ҳһ֧콾ķ죬ɱأѰ

һѰ־һܲĹؿϽÿһÿһÿһ߿дš
˵һڵۺϣĿľѰ
һ֧õۺʹ͡
µдһ֧ƿġ콾
콾۵䳡ϣӵнѪ콾߲ط棬ްܱܣصǸ
һ飬һװϽǣÿһߵ
ڵۺ翪ʼ֮ǰ˭ûԤϵ顣



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Ϊͻ麣ʱѰѾ߱˽ͨؾȥսƴĹءʸ
Ϊ֮ǰмõѰֱڣ¶Ŀʼء
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Ѱ裬忡ӵĮһԺԨ籩ӳǬɽӡ
û֪еɽ㱬ŰţţҪű
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441 ޶ȥ
Ψսйɽ
ǲֻǵۺ͵ҩѰ۵Ӵ̣
Ҫƿأӵ֮ƥֶΡ
ǣѨӿֵһȫͳѰȥƿһеΨһᡣ
ǣսУÿһαܣÿһαѹͺһִϴԭԼԼ޵һϱʵ
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ܵ˳ױŭһ䵶֮£䶷ţɱʮ֣ÿһײХؼ䡣
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䵶ɢһƽâգѰͷ­ɹնһƷ˿Զһɽɨϡ
ȫȻܵԶɱУƿ죡
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űǿʽ֮Ա˴˵ӣͷųҲ֮ǡ
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ԶһǿѲԶԶܿɼˣĿһУҲǺ𵴣ɫס
۵һͼѰӰɣݺ棬̳
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ܵ˸ѾûлɱѰ꣬սвϱǿֱڣɱﵶκβöԷ֪սȥҲûԡ
ܵ˵ĵǣսѰһֱϱǿĻпܻŤת棬ʼв
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˾ĶǵһսȴһַʽĻܵ˶ԣһ衣
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Զ֮ϣԡѪͷɢֵ꣬һǿ𺳣þƽϢ
Ⱥ󷽣һ궯
Τ㡭ҪɱĿꣿȥߣˡ㣬ǡ
Τʦܣһųᵤһö߽龧Ǻһ̬ɱ湻Եġ
һЩŮɫãɫ½ȥ
ǻڵӣҲ˴μս֪Ǻܵ˼ս꣬ΤѶҪ׷ɱĿʱһȻɫ䣬ŭ֮
ܹͶ쾳ǿ߶ԿļһĿܹԸģ
ΤԾڿǣ
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ܿ죬ֻʣΤȹŮӡ
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ղҲѰչֵս𺳣ԽԽȷǮѰУ
һʦֵܶѡ˱ܣΤ⣬ȴ޷һУ


442 䱦Ѫԭ
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Ȼ̧ͷ˲ͿԶУѰӲ֪ʱңң
䡢䡢Ԩӿƿû
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ȹŮһû뵽ѰӦʹ죬е⡣
ֻǸ˼ʱ䣬һ̣˾ͱ𣬳Զããҹȥ


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Ѱһ֪Լ⣬ĵرܹģҪԼȥƴսмܳɱ䣬ˣûõİ취
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ȹŮҲʱ䣬ʱյʹӴ䲻ȫָѾ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ˣѰ׼ǰУɾڴʱԶϣͻȻӿһĨްŨѪ⣬Եüˣ



443 ȺӢ
ѪŨڤȾ죡
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Ե̫˼ˣͨؾĵĹء򡱣Լ͵УѵͨؾĴڣҲ͹Żйأ
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ѰЦһսҲ֣ͲһЩ۵ļһú֡
ٴ̣ӿֵѪɫԽԽŨˣ;ĸҲԽԽ࣬Ҳ֡
ҪһƬѪ⵮֮ʱͼ貵ĶݹХ񷣬ݺύ飬Ǳ߷ɶݣ콾֮ʼȺ֡
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ߣʹƼ߳ȺǵȺƵƣҲһŵӿɱȡ
ѰһִҲָָ㣬˶¼ȺӣȾѪһˣһˣԵüر
٣СģңҲ֪Ǵĸðɢޡ
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ѰߵģͷüǰУԶȺڿʯѪĵطͣ¡
ܿ죬ٹעѰԱһע
쿴ɽĴҲˣ
澪ͼԶУ컨׹ӿֳһƬλ硣
ϣһŮʥϢֱ·


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һɵո㣬һɫϼХһͷԳӰ쳤ХХĶǡ
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ʲô֣߳λԵµ콾һ·磿ȫ𶯡
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ȴ֣߳ɫ࣬һʮ꣬˴Լ


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˴ꪲ͵ϵ֮ˡ
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465 һȭɱ
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գоձܿȭȴԱһʯ飬м䣬һЩʯϣһִʹĸо

˴Уȴһһ꣬Ѱȭƿ򣬲ҽŵɳȥ
Զ֥˶һɫ䣬ѰҲ̫ǿˣλһǿ߳ѹƲסֱ˼
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৵һӰһѰƮ裬Ԩֳʢ⣬ٶȳһɱȥ

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471 ·
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ͥʦγأΪԱøɲˣ麣֮ǰҪضһ
ǰչʧ꣬ճעҪŹʣ
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ٺ٣ֿˣѰһﲻҲҪעҪͥʦȫѹƣ
½½Ժѧ˿̽Զۣ˷ܣΧŹͥչ
дҲԿͥڵԺеĵλ䳬ȻһĿĴڡ
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ʯɡҶСߡڤǽԶü
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ЩֲڽЩԾ͸
űϹĳϵͳУµ걻Ų¹ѧԺǧʱ䣬Ҳûܹʯȫܣ



483 ³ ˻Ծ콾
һֲ¹ѧԺݷһϹ
֮ǰڹͥ麣ܰʱ;ǣȴû룬ûãϵʯٴβ
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Ѱ˿̵״̬أϣһƬ³С
һ˻ƸŹʷĪĹ켣δ֪Զ
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484 ɱ
أأأ
ܿ죬ѰʲôҲ˲ãս̫ɲ硢ѨϡǡѪ񲻿ػı
һһѪըһһؾѣľʹѰʹȥ
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һж̫ͻȻѰǼʯ˿̶ЩʧѵҪĪȥ
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ûüȥսװûȥɱЩּҳУûΪĸѪױ𡭡
ܾȥ
Ѱʣ
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Ѱתű֮սɫԣͦӰɺŲ˸Ǭ֮䡣
Ƭ̣𺣱飬һлΪ꣬Ʈؼ䣬Уǻ֮⾳Ϣ
ѰǱĲ򣬵ܿüǻ֮⾳ǰȴпգ޼Ѱ
գ֮⾳ʧһлš
ͻƶ쾳֮ȷѲյ⾳֮
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ҪԼһ𣿡
ѰɹȻҡͷû־˼η壬ԸϷġ
ᵽݿˡİ֮ѰкȻһǿҵҰҪ麣Уִһ⾳֮
ںܾ֮ǰʩչԪʱԡʽ͡ʽУʩչһشƣ̺⾳Ϣ
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֮ϣܲۼܹܻĴУѵõĻԵѰȻʹ˴
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յʱ֮Ѱƾصȭľ֮⾳״򱬣ͷ׹ꡣ
ϢնԺĲ
ֻźǣоһѾץסľ֮򾳵У˸գһ㣬ֻֻܼܿȴ޷
Ѱδ٣Թ񣬼ܹ麣ƿش⾳֮УҲʹ˵һ޷֤ʵΪ档
ɴ˾Ϳ֪Ҫ麣а쵽һֻô򵥣Ǽûϣ
ͺһϵıݣ޶쾳֮ʣͺѴһϵıݡ
˵һϣ·֪жپɾ޵ʿԹնʧܸա
Ѱ֪ЩȻĲ̣ʱ֮ٶĽ֪η
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éǰʯϣб۾Զ˵⡣
ʦܣ㿴СһΣ
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ԣҲܻὫ飬иϡ
ԺڵֻĿȴһֱԶɽһͦӰϣһ˿޵ĸӡ


489 ɽ
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ǳƲۣȫͥĺ󶯾ڸǣѰգȴòһ㲨ƣɢ


490 
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˵׼˵شʦҲˣ⽫ھŲ㹩Ѱһʹá
ҲΪѰ֮һӵų츳˴лܹƳսװ
֮¹ѧԺ׺䶯ˣ۽ϰѧԶһϢչ˼ҵۡ
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֪ͬѰҪսװϢϽǼ˶Դ˱ʾɣΪѰͣҪ쵽һǳ˵ΣͽЦ
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ηںͻȻʱѰھŲУɫ棬һ˿ġ


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499 ϵ׽
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ˣ׽ĻΨһ˳ǹǣǹɶӨ͸ƱѩȻͼӳͨ֡
һĻ̫ޣһǹȴһԵƣ꣬һִķ֮
˶¶֮ɫҡҷǺεһرʳϢ˵Ϊ֮ڣ

ɫĳǹڱ仯淺糱ˮϼ⣬ӲӵĹһڲãİɫһֹȻ֮ȴľˡ
ܹգڴݣϰƳܲסԵѹ
һǹ׽ٶԻӳ䣡
ȫѻȸԾ
ʱѰȻתۣ֮·һڴĿڳɽϡ
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ء㱱̭ZЩƴʦ۷⣬ѰĿ⣬񿴵ϡ䱦һȵܰڻ
ҪѰǱжֲʮ꣬һʱ䣬һˣƳһսװ
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˵սҰεݣ˿ȴС㣬ⶼңд˾еԺƿֲˡ
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ʱɽӡ⡢ر͵ʶӲձ
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502 Ժ֮
սҰѰƳıԺѹǵԺԺְ񶼱ᣬȫ
˶ʶԺ˴ȻΪѰ
ɡʯǸеʹޱȣѪ鶼ݣԸпѰ󣬾ܹõԺշɲ˭ܹܵĴ
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Ժǰڱ¹»ϣ˵ȴܹϢݣ
ڣдŵӣһ
ɱˣҺϳͣҵȶϲܴӦ

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ѰЦúˬʣ˵ڻʹһ֪ܷѽһʱ䣿
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ǿǻʹأҪﶼûʸУһܹȥ𣿡
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һʱͷȷһ⣬麣٣쾳٣޷ƾƾΪͨ죬ҲվҪ޵;Уһǡ
ѰΪȻпǰģϧ˽ʹУʵڲ֪;ܹѽˡ
Աߵ̩ûҪЩˣǿǻʹذ
ѰŶһֻȥұ˰æˣҾͲƾܹսװĶֶΣˣ
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壬ô˰ɣֻһνеĻˣܰѰѽ֮⣬Ҳֵ
Ц񣬴ݰףЦһ峺ϪһԵʡ
һ̣ѰҲȷ˵ݣڻҲȻ֮ȻֻҲҾӦд¡
ߣС㻹Ͻʾʾ
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Ѱɫһ࣬湰ִ֣ĳûԺص𡣡
ؿǷһĨ΢Ц
뱨𻹲򵥣ΰæƳһҲͬ׽ٶսװˡ
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صȫΪ
ѰӦĺʹ죬һת˼ֻǲ֪ǰҪƺεսװΪ˭ƣ
һ𶦡
شһ̵һˣ棬һԵϢ

ϸ˵оѾȫѰܰæƳұԷǰŻС
˻һѰȷԭ̩ǰһжΪǰ
á
һ˼⣬ѰӦƾԷͬУѰپܾ
ʱԱߵ̩Ҳ˿ɣЦ
ֻǣ̩ΪһжԽԴϲķʽԲʱȴȻĿ⿴Ѱ΢Цڣ
˵ѰҲţ麣һ֮λô˻ᣬдһΣ


507 Ů
ѰҲЩ⣬û뵽һ
ɣһԣдѡ
΢΢һЦƮ裬ָţһĹ켣ժ顣
ˡ
ȻΪݣɿɲıҪѰѹС
мһ֣֪ûУһץѣȻֳݡĿɲӹɣһڿµĵز
ѰҲ룬̤󤲽˷ָȭɱ򵥡ɾֱӣһץ֮ı֮
صһ䣬ϯܡ
Ȼ
һͳӰһ磬̤ɲǼ䣬ָѺѰʺ
ѰҲһݣ˼ƵתŲմأ˶ϡ
ֻѰǣȿӰ͵һչԨָӡߵѰȭͷϡ
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ײѰֻͷⴸ֮УͫʱһУǿƥԲˡ
һ֮׻ԣԵ̫Ѱˡ
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ѰԴ˸оİֻ֪˹һŮ
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ѰЦеǰҲҼҿ͸ĸˣҪھ˵˵ɣξѵǰң⣬ǻʹλ⣿
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Ѱʱͷۣ̲ס˶Էһۣϼһ̫ͻˣеõһȷĴ𸴣ֱȵ컹ѡ
Ǿɣȹ죬ʯիķ֮ұƾĺͼ׸
ʱǧܵӣ˵ûʲôǵþѵ죬ҿҲٰﲻʲôæˡ
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⾰ѹڵ۹еĵλǳȻ˫˹ܺȡ
Ѱ˼
֪϶̩˵ġ
Ѱҡͷٶ룬ѾҡǼһ档
һǽƾ⣬ǽһƳսװңΪʯիٿķ׼


508 Լ
ڵϣһ¹ѧԺ
ѰѾû׼ԼУĬԵҲݣ¶һĨޱȵļ㱡֮ɫ
лˡ
ָ侲Ӵз֡
һθлԴԵЩӲȴѰΪο
һֱøУΪ˱һУΪгŵԲ
ˣҲֵͽύ
ûã̩ǰߣʧ¹ѧԺ
ѰѺ̩ԼõģѰţֻҪܹץס˴λᣬӦ㹻ϣƾ
һֹԽԪݽߵ⣬ΪҲͻͽһȫµľ磬Ϊһ־ʿ
ʱϴķոϪƺ⡢ɷ֧ϵʱ𵽼á
үû뵽ȻƳսװϴķϣһҪΪء
ҸпɫʵҲΪ
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˵գͺһ𣬽һר׼С

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ϽзӿϽǵںܶһʱʱȻ˼
ʯիǵ۹ʯիܲϽйģΪ֮һ
ֻлµһЩҵʤʯիܲһһʱ䣬ȴʯիܲɧ
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죬ѰƴʦݣƳһսװ׽ٽ٣һʱ˷䶯
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ŵ˵ϵŷ⣬һЩѷŷУûսװ
ϡͺд˿ɼһߣӵһսװܸıһĸ֣ҲԲǿŵ˵
ʦ֣ҲҪһʱƳһսװҳɹʲߡ
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ƶѣ֪ҪһսװǺε֮ˡ
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ʶ˵Ѱһ˶ѣڲһʱƳһսװ¶Ȼ󲨡
ֹǺŴʦҲҪ֪ܣ磬Ѱΰ쵽ģһսװӵźεȾܡȵ⡣
ʯիܲȻΪʮעĽ㡣
ΪѰսװᣬͽʯիܲĻ
ѰʯիܲսװᡭЩؼۣһְֻ㣬ǣϽǵķƣȫµע⣬Ϊ˵ŵۻ⣬ڵ۹ϣҲʢЩϢ
ַӿķΧĻʱԼ


509 Ļ
ʯիܲǰ
컹δټĳϣѼӰѹѹһƬ
ܹͨƬأʯիܲˣҪôһŷҪôһĴ
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ߣһżԼ羲ˣֹˮȻơ
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ݸϾһλƴʦķᣬҶܺ档
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ڵۼ˲֪
ʱԶȻһ궯ͼ㱱̭ZһƴʦڳС
Ƿֱʦܲ۹Ժһϵ̩һʱȻ
ֻǣ㱱ǿߵʱԶһ¶֮ɫ׷ǰ
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΢΢һЦ
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Īһ̾˵ʲôȴԶȻһЦԭλѾˡ
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ӴЦ˳ʯիܲȥ

ǱǱˣƱԺı־ͬʱҲһλʦݳȻޱȣֻʮһֱӣһȴû뵽Ҳˡ
ʦܲһŲ㽨ûʣֺʱǵھŲһȴ󷽣ڵڡ
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ڵеһΪ޻ڡսװǳԱ˵ֱʣ
Īʲôϵ
ԱߣѰĪķֻͬҲע⵽ĪʱԵúľнͼЩ졣
ǵĪԸǺܹ°ġ
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޷壬۹Ժ˶ʦ֮һ£ʦϽжԣһϵ裬뻯ĵز֮ȼ硣
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ҲͷԴҲ˽⡣
Ѱ˵ͷ
߱ѪӪʱĪæĪĺ޷гҲӲˡ

޷ʦ˵ĵִܿʹֳ
λһϵʦֳܹѵһ顣
ǰμӷģһɫһĴʶҲûĺ䶯
ʱݰٷֳĴϽеŷ֮е۹еȨе۹ʵȨ죬Ҳе۹صľ뢺ǿ˵ÿһĲƺȨ
Щһãֹ񣬶ʢǰ
᳡ϽῪʼʱ䵽ˡ
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˵⣬谲ס֣ʱһλŮһװͭС
λ֮䣬ǰͭС
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Ŀ⣬ˢˢػ谲ǰڷŵͭϣ˶鲻Խ쳤ӣ۾â䣬ƺܹͭڵĶһ
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ӣ谲߶߶˵һѡ
谲֮ܽעһսװͬĹ屦һԾµľС
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һЩƢ𱬵ĴѾ̲סˣƨĹӣǼŸģ
һЩǸ֮Ҳڴ֮ɫ
谲һȻһĨ죬λļҿԸεظλķᣬעһ漣
һ˿ǿŵĲͼ˶õڴˡ
˶ڴţǷ꣬սװȹ׽һ㣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
һЩһﶼüо谲Щˡ
漣
Ҳսװ˭ҳ漣
ڵˣǳסƳһսװȴһ˸䣬δЩȡˡ
Ȼ˵ȻȴԵ۹Ժʦ޷壬˲˲Ŀ
ڳ֪޷ݣ˵˻ЩϣҲû˻ȥһλʦۡ


510 ǹ췥
ֻǳϵǣʦ޷廰ûãЦ
ɽ˲ųɧ꣬ҵһʣʲôлȡ裿
ڵĪԴֱӣʣȫ⣬ȥ޷壬ɲ
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Ī
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޷ޱһ׽ٶսװܼǿ󣬵ҺܻɣڵǷѾ׽бĨɱĻνսװҲֻһտǣȻһǺѿЩġ
ͻأ˵һԾڱʾѰƳսװŲͬĿ
˲¶˼֮ɫ޷ǵ۹Ժ˶һλʦ£ʦƳ磬ƽȨ
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ĪڣȳȻǵȥ
ˣСĻ
ҲСõȫڴˣѰƵսװûʼչʾƽ̩﷢ִǴû顣
±ðĿⶼ۽ڸ̨ϡ
谲Ҳٷϻ΢΢һЦʱ䱦󣬽λһ֤һѰʦĿ
˵գת¸̨
ͬʱһӰڸ̨ϣ˱ͦ絶ģԵЩϣü֮価ǲɣ
ڹϯϣȴһɧסˣԾ
⡭ƺǵİ̽ڣ
찡ڣ궼ûϢû룬˲ϡ
Ȼ˵׷ּһ峤ЧʹȻڴˣȻǴѰҪʾǡ֮䡯
̽ڣ
ںܶǰһλϽǵķһ콾۶мӡ
ʱɾһǣӮ˲֪̾ǰ;
˭ôȥİ̽䣿
ֻǼ󣬾һп絶ϣںΣȴ˪֮ɫճĺβ̾
һ콾ֻҪ䣬ѳΪһ뢣£ȴΨһ˻ͣͽꡣ
лȻп̨ϵȴƻȻĬλãĬһͭСʼգһòͣ˭޷Ͻǣɽӡ
ˣ
һ쳹ʱȫ˵Ŀ⡣
ͼһĨãɫ󣬳УҲһɲƶ䣬ͬһˣ
˵֮ǰһ˪ͣôڵͬһѳʵıâˣ
۾һϢѻȸռžĿ¡
̨ϣûʾǵüĿĬɽƺڵңţһεɢ
һЩнһĨʣܹܵҵڲݷڵһͷг˯ѹ
Ѱ۾
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˻
൹һǹ֣һĵĻϯǻƤʹ
ͷ·ǳǹݷһӵоâ꣡
ﶼ۾ɢָ֪ȥ׽һ˳ǹϢŹκһϸڡ
ҲڴʱҶˣĿ罣üɣ۷塣
㱼䣬İ̽·ˣִǹȻһˣݺɽӣľɡ
䣡
̨ϣһͭƤܣʯիϳ˵ķͿܣɵֵס쾳ǿһֵޱȡ
ɵҽǹңңָȥһͭƤ˲Ϣͱ𣬻ĩ׷Ʈ
ƾһǹ̺Ϣ촷һ߿ɵֵ쾳ȫһĿܣ
ϯ϶ʱ䶯ﶼ鲻ԽʧΪ֮ݣһǹƼֱֲ̫
޷ͫҲһߣˣҲֻһɱǿսװѡ
ɽƬ̣ɫӲǣݺݳ鴤һ¡
ͼ̨ϣɫĳǹȻڳһһܻɬͼԼţ˻¸
һĻ񼣣ȫĿɿڴ
һЩΪһ˿ɫ΢΢Ϊ֪һΣյϢӣڣҲһ˿¶
ʱҲͬɫ㱣СϾǾ֮ɫȻ૿ڣʦɿǱб׭˶󣿡
ûӦʮ󡭡
ԱߵıҲʣʮʮţȥһȴһǹáǷɣƵģ
޷֤򶨣𶯣
ʦ˵ʲôһͷˮ
һ̵ıȴħᣬԹૣֲ׽٣Ϊϲݣȥһ֮ȫӡڴǹҪ췥ģȻǹӴ䡭
ֹǱˣ޷Ҳһ㣬ʶɫýӲޱȣͫţһԲŵģ
㱱̭ZĪǣԼֻܲȴ޷϶ʵ񲻽ɲѡ
ǽʦƽ̩עģƴǹһЩطͼ
ڳЩӵиĴԣǹʱֵȴǶеһεΣϢ
ϣ
̨ϣãϢһ⣬ܻΪһɫҰսװǣһϢгǹϣֱ˴ˣӳĵҵɲǼһβɱ䣡


511 ֮
ִǹȻֱɬҰͼ˵֮ǰӵоâô˿̵һļµĲãϢ
⣬սװ֣
鱦Բͬһǹ֣ܻսװߵƲ츲صɱ䣡
սװ֣ɴ˶
ȫѻȸǵĿⶼȣɫдޣЩʦҲ𶯣޷ƽ
ӹɣȷһսװǶеϢ쾡µڹͳʲôй񹤡
ಣ
һӰڸ̨ϣִһ齣ɱȥ
һɫĺӣӵжϾΪʯիⰲųʵսװܡ
е齣ɫʺȼգһƷױֵͬʯիֱʡ

һ֣Ӱ˸齣Ȼ꣬к¡
ÿһ꣬һ޿ƥеĻ֮⾳
ǧܼкǵأǵ֮ʢֱҪջɱѣٻһա
ڣ꽣
дﾪϳݣҲϳһãһ԰ԵƵĽ
ֻǾ˿ɲ˼һĻˡ
ɫкҪȫʱͼһƬãҰԳ˲Ϣ֮䣬콣걻Ĩһգ
һŻϵգˮ׵Եǰɡ
˶ʱĿ࣬ǿĹûͱɨһգʼգҶûж֡
Ȼսװ

ɫҲһ䣬Хֽŭն£һĽ⣬ն֡
һҪ£ȫ۷һһﶼͷ޲ѡ
Ҳڴʱִǹһ㡣
һжֹˣͷ·һ̣ʱͣ٣һ˲
һĽ⣬ҲƱһֻεĴ߬סͣǣ޷¡
꣡꣡
ľȻ𣬾ͼΪģͬӰ㣬ը˷
⡭
鶼ǽնˣжֲһ
¡¡
ձԽԽѸͣըһ䳱ϫ˻ֻ˻ܻ
ûκ⣬һĽ⣬κеһҶۣ˲ϢͱϢû߽⡢һա
дɫٴ䣬ѪʯһĿֲڣݡ
һĻֱﵽһַ˼ĳ̶ȣ
䣡
գе齣Ҳ飬׷ɡ
𾪺˶סΪǱըγɵϯ̨ۼҪûҪ̨
ɾڴʱгǹһһεĲãϢӿ֣ɢȥĻıըʱţϢʧ
ֻĿɲһĻͻȻôʧоܵüѪ
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˵˴ǱųϲսװģɾڸղһɲܵһϢе̫ɲˡ
ÿ˶壬޷塢˵һʦҲЩӵеǷ켫Ĵǡ
ֳһƬţ϶
ϣ
սװ·ͭС
ͬʱ谲ܼʱسڸ̨ϣڣǹ֮䣬ܣܡ
һݽ򵥣ȴ
֮䣡
һղŷһĻĻ棬糱ϫ㱬գͷƤĻϢ˶òϣȷһڲͬսװ
̫أһ֮Уһ٣һг䣡
ݵĳ֮󣬹ϯϱҵһƬҡ
ÿĿ֮Ĵ˿ҲƽˣһսװȴչֳĻȷ̫
ǶȷղչֵܣֻһС֣͵ֻ̣Ѱ֪
ɼˣ˱ҲƵϾ֮۹һЩʢսװѷɫ
ԴԺ󣬵۹нֶһر
ӹɣ֮ĳ֣עǻ㣬ڡ
˲ãʵ˲ãѰһ󱲣ȴӵƳսװ裬ǰ;
ۡ
˴ʱƽǣ˼ϵƽȣʵ޷ƽ˲ͬΪһʦɸ˽⡰֮䡱Ķء
Ϊ̫ɲֱַѵ췥ɶɶһ˿컯֮
޷ѰƵģ˭ڸطģȴ֮УеһϤϢ
˼
֮
󣬱ͫȻһ֮Ϣ͵ۺһ֮żƵϢ
ʦ֮ѱѰ޸ˣѵǿʲôô
Աߵķƺ棬оʦЩ쳣
ԭˡ
Լ³Ѱʦ˭ɫ䲻һĨӡ
ƣ벻Ѱѧϰ
˺Ȼʵ
ƶʱһ㶣Ĵ۾󣬵ʦҸȥѧϰ
һĲɵԿһµġ
ҧӨĴЩƲ֣ѰԼСѧϰֱˣ
Ҳ֪ѰԼܱģĵĽȴѰͷ
ϣȴûһλʹ뿪ΪǶηŸտʼѰʱͷϷ
ǵݣڵ۹һ߳ƣݺĴڣ˴Ϊһڴˣ
Ҫۼ֤һµսװҪҪ˻ᣬȥһԵ
ھʲôԵ֪
ղŲ˵ѰȡڣҵҪһʣѰȡ裬ĳϣ
أĪڣĿڳ˶˸ղŷһЩִ
Ȼ˻޷ɫʱһҲסɫɣԳ˱ĶغͲĪô˵Ե̫Сˡ
˶٣ολ֪սװ˵ģһѰܹɹɲԺƳƵı
⻰ɽ¶ˮϸһƷȴ޷϶ѰܹƳ֮䣬ȫһʹȻԺֻ¾ûôˡ
޷˵Ҳ٣ΪУȷкܶƵӣԭڣսװʧ̫ߣʦƵƵʧܹ
ˣսװĿϡȱˡ
ֻ޷˿˵ĻԴ˲ͬζֻҪɵó
ĪɫҲһ޷˻̫ˣѰ
ֻǲĪڷһƽȻ𡪡
ô˵޷ʦ϶ԺٳɹƳսװˣ



512 Թ
һ°ɫͦ㣬ɫԺ¶һӣ峺䡣
Ѱڸ̨ϣȫĿһ˲;۽ȥۿѰʱЩš
̫ˡ
һڼƵģ㣬У˶Ŭкңţ䳯Ҫո¶ͷվҪʱȥ
Ѱͬɵĳɾͣѳͬˣ¶Ϊ֮𾪡
˭һ꣬һ̤㳬Ȼ֮һƴʦĪ
˭ǰĥѣȴ
ʲô콾
ˣ
Ȼˣʾޣͬ
һ̣ڳжһͷһ꣬ʱԺųĹԣ
Ψ޷üӿһĨ֮ɫѰղųʱһɾԵЩ
ǺǣϷ˵ʵԹĸʦսװʱ˭޷֤㹻İճɹС㾪ɾޣϷҲϧ֮⣬վ̫ᣬսװһЩ飬Ҳǿġ
޷ЦԴƵᣬһλʦķ緶ֻǺ仰ôѰζ
֮ǣȷܾޣǻ̫ᣬҪѧϰĵطأ
̨ϣѰȻһЦ¶һѩݣҼǵøղ˵ĪʸʲôôҲ˵ᣬѾƳսװָңʸô
ϯɫù죬û뵽Ѱһȸ޷Ǻˡ
޷˭
ǵ۹Ժ˶һλʦʦƳ磬λȻߡ
Ѱȴ˲֮ԣȷ⡣
һ룬ҲȻϽУ˭֪Ѱһ޼ɡ֪ηǺˣ
߼ҡҡؼҡ۹ЩȻﶼҲУȻҲȥɵ޷ˡ
޷ɫһһ󱲵ʣһȨϡ
ѰʢĸǿģΪƳһսװͿ޷죬£ǿɾʹشˣ
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޷壬⻰ʲô˼Ѱʱ޷ˣɱҿñӣ±ȣôѰֻǷһ䣬߳ŭˣ
Īŭǳ⡣
ɺʱҲܹٵһ˵ģ޷ڵ۹ƽеݼߣһ֮ȥȻԷ಻ʦѰС
ĻѰһصĴ
Īעݣڵ۹Ժְ·ϣ浱Ҳҳ㣿
޷ߣɫϡ
ȷˣһĴȴѰĪƣҲЩ鲻ס
вң
Īɫ粻
ʱѰȻЦųҲˣҲüڣʽĪּϴķ壡
ɫ֣档
飬ڼȻ޷ôҪЮĪѰȻҲˡ
˻һȫȻһѣȴǣйĪһԹ˶ûԤϵġ
Ī˿̼ôǶ£ѾܵѰ֮Ըһ֣ͺ޷ԣԶΪ˰Լ
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ԴǹͲѰᣡ
ҲԵͷ۹Ժǿǵ۹Ҫĵطֱܵ۹Һ;ִơ
ѰҪĪߣȷѶȺܴ
ȴѰɫ˵ˣӢսҺĪһзڵ꣬ĪҲǱǿץߣĸԸΪЧĪʱȫңֻҲѱץߣʱûˣѾʴˣ
˻һȫԾ
û뵽ԭڵ۹ȻӢսѰĹͣ
˾ǣ۹ԺѰĪ֡ģ̫ľˡ
һʱ֮䣬ȫžλɫ졣
ԣ
޷ôȣŭڡ
Ǽ٣Ҳú粵ԺԻҪһ˵
Ѱɫƽӿźâѹж꣬ȻѾ˺ˣȻٿ
Ϊ˱Īı֮Ѱô
ս۹Ժ
޷ɫᣬоŭ
۹ԺΪ۹ģ޷һ˵ĵ̣Ҳûʸ۹Ժ
Ѱɫƽˣôֻ뾾ڰе֣Īһ
ЦʵǿЦ
޷ȻһſڴƻƣΪܹĪӵ۹Ժдߣ
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Ȼһ̾ŵϷһĨȻ
һʶԭһű󣬾޷֪顣
˶ѰҲĪҪ֣ԼĪ˰뱲ӣ˶һԹҲĿ
ĪҧնѰĿимҲһĨ֮ɫѰжһ
һ̾ûٶ˵
ߣ
޷ɫ仯ãһߣȥ
һλ۹Ժ˶ʦڽ챻ˣʵ˭û뵽ġ
Ī֮便ĶԹ
û֪
Ѱһ֪⡣
ӹɣΪѰĲϣõ֮ĶԹ±ʰֻò˶ãͻһ˶ˡ
ĪΣֻҪҪԶվߣҵҪ޷
ѰĪúɫҲǸǸм̾Ϣ
Сܿ͹ȥ
ʱȻ֮ǰ֣ɵѰ׿˭ṩħɢķͻΪ֮һսװʱʱֺ䶯
ʵϢ˶˵ֻõѰ׿֤ʵڸȷѰڿЦ
ħɢ
һּ亱ĶҩأǴӺڰǱһд˶ΪͻᱻͬϣҪʱʱ̳̿ħϮ֮ࡣ
һڴﶼʼ˼Ծȴ˴η֮󣬾ȫƳħɢĽҩ
ȻսװʱҪԱҿɳеû취֮ĺ
Ѱʼ
һЦ
ûãѰ¸̨齻谲֡
λʯիѾѰʦͬ⣬ҲΪ˸λıȡһڴʱһ
谲һڣʱȫע
ĵѣõѰʦΪսװĻᣡ
ȫ׷ˣﶼһһֱڴġԵˣ
ǵģѰһǶԣͬһԵ
ΪǺսװйأ


513 ޱȵľ
λΪǣشһ仰˵ǰߡ
̨ϣ谲ɫׯ࣬ͳ߼ҡҡؼϵ˵ȣò뾺ġ
ȫʱһҪζ̫ˣȷˣѰǶϲΪϵŷṩκģ
ͬھĽ֮ʯիͳ߼ҡҡؼϵУȨջش
谲һ仰һͬʯի̬ȣóдһɧ
ȻʯիѾվѰߣϧΪȥŷ
ò˶ԸпѰȷѽȣ֮ƣѿʼʯիȻ̬֧֣һֱ仯
ûãʼ׼ңһȫӢսļ۸񣬿ƾˣʶ֮Ķֻ֮Ȼ
򣡡
˳һ۾˵һ
۹Һ֮ߣһԣҲһСĿˡ
ֻΪ˾һսװѣͲ˷ľۣԭһЩԶЩˡ
򣡡
۵Ѫ飬ԱߵĶҶʱüֹƥϹʲô֣
Ǵ͵ɫзһ˿޵թ֮ɫͱޱ飬ҶϹ㶮ëڰѰСһ׬ңвٴ򣬲ô˻թһʣ̫ϧˡ
ҶٺһЦҲմ֡
ֻǣҶ쿪ڱۣѾ˱һۣʮң
ֳﶼɫһüѣ˶ԣʮһֵ̫ֻȥһԵ൱ˡ
ϾϲֻѰܹƳսװ
һִ˳˾ģΪǶѿǱʮĴȻߴϵŷ֮һлң
ӹɣľģȻЩ۷Ȼﾺ̨ѷһЩͲֲ
ҶɹȻЦԭ뵱һжȻƵĿٱ仯Ѿòˡ
ʮһ򡣡
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۹õǾ仰˵ģʦʮָʵģԴԴϵĽɳ
λΪﵽĳһֲ֮ϵĽǮѾûмֵǮٶܻ࣬һ崫ܻһγĻ𣿲ܣ
п฽
ԣ־ڱصá
ȻһЦһۣʮ򣡡

٣кϷˣ۹ҵĴﶼסˡ
һƬ˽
Ծһǰ顢ʯЩҲ֣Ǿ¼ɵһء
룬ҡҡͷ˳˾ģʮңѾһĿ
ۺҲȨ⿼Ǿֵֵá
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λӲͷƤһҧһֲĿѾȥˣߴŷУΨǻȱսװλǲ
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лң
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ĿĶһһֶǡҲǰŻУΪԵһֵı
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˶ƽʶյľģѾʼòѪȣĳ棬Ҳǵһ̫Ŀˡ
ʮ򣡡
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лҴն
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һһֳ֣ȫﶼЩ£ҲǲǮΪһѪƴ˲ҵزģȴ
գһʮ£֪ȫţ̨ϵ谲ǣûܻع

һ죬Ѱһĳһʮ۵ϢһγΪϽǵͷϢ
ģǵضйء֮䡱ۣҶۣ׽ٶսװкεȾħһڴﲻϧһдҪһ
֮ܣûбչֳֻҪ뷢Ĵﶼһ϶һһ޶ر֮Ѿڵսװй֮޲
ˣҲ֮䣬Ծһʮҵ۶õֵֵã
ֵ
˵¹ѧԺ˶µۣ򵥵һ֣ȴһĵ˵
Ѱƾ˴ηᣬõҲһʱ޶ΪĿһΨһһλʦ
ܹһƳսװƴʦѾٽ֤˳ӵСʦͷΣ
Ĵ֮䡱ҲΪ˵۹һƾ޵رʦΪ֮

ѰЩھĸտʼʱѾһʯիİ£һص뿪
ʶûۿһޱȵᣬҲȻֻ֪һһӻȡһʮҡ
ʱѰڱϣҵ³ϴķȥ
Ѿһʱ䲻ϴķ壬Щ飬Ҫһ¡
ѾǰʹУӦò˶ãƾϡ˴ηϣҲѰ١ħɢҩϢֻҪܹýҩ԰սϵʹ࣬»ԭӵе
Ѱһ·϶˼飬üͷѡ
ҿԱǷкȻӿһĨϧүʮֻ꣬һ棬˭֪ı˶ٵѹգ
䣡
ȻһֲսԶڱг˼еѰҡ
˺£ʡ
в۵ĶǣλͲصģʯիѾɳ㹻֤λȫʹϴķ塣
Ԧһλͷ׵ߣʯիʯһ·Ѱҡ
ΪɱңѾסˡ
ѰɫȻ˼


514 
߲֪ʱƮϸ꣬ʲ࣬ʪ⡣
һѰңһֲٶȣĽֵʻ
һ·ϣżܹһҽҲ羪𵴰սɢ
Ƭ̣ţһжûз
УѰɫز²⣬֪·ϵĵˣȻԳ߼ҡҡؼеһ
Ҳһ֡
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ͬʱһѰϲĴҲǰݷãѰЩܳ



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ûܿģΪǵҰУһĨԡںڰеһĨӰӣֺڰƺﶼ٣
Ѱ¶԰ҹŮ䲻ðȴ޷ϣŮ̫غǿֻҪһ𣬾̻йÿһϸڣ
һλصŮȴ˸ţƻ˶ɽٳĻᣬȥֻ¶һС
Ȼ˼ɵѰһѣͼ˲֪ʱгһĺɫʯ
һۿȥһڹײģɫҹһļšϢ
ȻЩѲҪѰĿֱӱǺɫʯڲľ
һСŮźɫۣñڸǴգ¶һСϸӨ׵°͡
˫ֽСλãһӡǣĳУ񾲰ꡣ

Ѱһͫţ뵽ʱַ̣ʽı棿
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СŮҹŮ֮󣬾ȫʧ
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ɱ䣿
ԣɱ䡣
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ǰЩӣ־Σʼ˵һεļת֮ǰһһǱǡԼ츳ȫµɱ䡣
ֻ˴֮󣬾ͽ¿ʼУҲ˵ת֮ǰĵкΪѲڣǻһǱΪеһֵ̡
Ѱ𶯣ʲô죡
һΣնеУͷʼУͺñһδתһ㣬̫ġ
ѰЩţӵعֱ˼
˴μ֮ǰ˵ɱ֮󣬱ҪУҲϧ
ɫЩӡ
ѰӿһĨůΣСѾͷԭһֱڵԼ
֪ЩѰأЩ⣬ʵΪҪ
ΪÿһμնĲֹǵкΪļ䣬㡣
˵ԭ
ѰͫȻһʧ䣡
һ뵽֮ټǲԼ޷飬ѰкȻһ˵ķŭ
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Ȼ˹죬ܲ˼飬ȴÿһμ𣬾Ͷļ䣬̣֮
ѰɫЩѿ֪ˣǰҹŮߣ
üһĨǸȻҪ˵ʲôȴһܼ
ͼһĺɫʯڴ˿̲ѣ
ɱѾˣ
ѰкȻһȻЩԣʱѾУԼΪİˡ



518 Ҽ
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գһѾУɫʯȻмкͬʱг߰վ
һᣬƺıһϮɫձñڣǣɢһ޵ļŰҹϢ
һʱ䣬Ҳˡ˴ϸֳһĨοԼһĨڵļ
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Ѱ˿סҪ֣ȴֵĶԷϵԼһֳʹޱȵĴ
Ѱɫ粻ʧ䣬ǰԼϤ
®Уһʱš
һ̾ƺҲѰ˿̵ľЩ̣㲻ؾɥѹ֪Ŵμ֮󣬹ļ䣬ͻᱻ´򿪣־͸򣬱»á
ѰɫŴμҪȵʲôʱ
µǣһ;ʧأܼǵԼ
ȻѰһԶĿͶԼȻ˵ѰҶˡ
ࡢ񾲡飬һǰ
ɾһ仰ȴһɲǾѰ˶ǣһԼģȻгѰ֣
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ѰԭķꡢɥͷŭһȫһĨ;ϲȡ㻹ǵң
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ѰЦˣЦ쳣ãȫһɿϲȡһѱЦ㻹ǵң쿪۰Ϲһ
ȴЩɲɫأѵʧˣΪŶѰļ䣿
Ѱǿϲ׳հЦݣüëɻˣѰôôɣ
ɡ
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ѰҶˡٴοڣ㶯
Ѱʱˣ˳ȥ㿾ԣ
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˳Өϸ˫ֻϥǣѰԱߣʱĺɫʮ֣ϼȾɽٺ͡
峺Ϫϣڣ㽹ͣɢ˵ζѰǣá
®ǰһĻȻһЦѰУҲһȫͬɡ
Ҫˣ֪ʱԺڲ®ǰ
˵ͷСǰһ˿ףԤеشѾʼ仯ò˶ãһ֮ͻĻȤҲ׼׵۹վҪġ
ż֮磬ƬطڹŻСޱȣɲǰ򵥣С֮ǰҲڴ̻ôꡣ
ԺԴ⣬
Ҳɣ֮ǰһ֮룬ĪҪĵСĿ⿴Ե
ǰҹʥþ̫࣬ȻðȻȥϡԺʹʹӦ
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գҡҡͷһ̾Ϣ
ֹѰĵ;Ҳ׸棬Դ麣ܰмʶѰĶ֪֮ӵԼ·ϲá
ܹģ¹ѧԺУһıϾѰĿǰվ¹ѧԺŲɷָĹϵӶ

ԶӺһһֲζⲢٶ
ͼС˺žӨѩ⣬Сરા׽ÿһʱȻѰһʱ̣ʱļ侫׼
СӾһ޵׶ʮȫ꣬ŶϸزһͣѰζЩƫˣ´μǵҪЩΰ͡
ѰʱȻ˵ֱӡ
һĶͷһ¡
ҹĻ١
У̩䲻ֹҶȵҪСӻҲ̫ˣ
ԾѵǴ΢Ц壬ﻹܵ
̩ʱΣ۵֣໰ô𣿡
ԾЦȻ֪㻹ҵ˵໰ͲҸ߸ף
ҲڴʱѰˣ̩ʱתƻ⣬ջСӣЩͲܲˣ
ⲻԺôĸҵλѰʼ硣
̩ʱۣѰԺţ޻˵ѵȥ¹ѧԺԺɣ
Ǽֱûʲô
ѰѣʱѾˣҾͳ˵ǵ㶼֪ʱʼ֣
Ծ΢Ц˵ٷ磬׿ȺŮװҲһ
Ѱɴɣôʱ䣬Ҫú׼ĥһ¡
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ԾзһĨ͡
Ψ̩оֵֹģʲôʱƻޱȵСӾ˺˵ˣ


519 촫
գ̩һһͼ׽Ѱ
ƾĸģһǧ֣ϰֽԿǿĹ屦ġ
һͼףƾƷͼ׵ѾܾԶѷƳ¾ɣ³Ϣ
̩Ľܣ۵Ҳӵһϧһսбٵˡ
Ժ󣬵۹һֱϣܹٴƳһεǣƴ˶Ҫ̫ɬѣʱ񣬶˭ܹƳ
Ѱͼ״򿪷ģܿһ𣬱ڵ˼
ãŻع񣬳һ̾˶ƹ˼Ҽһ֣ɶ칤ѵһҲѧ˲ٶ
˵⣬Ȼ̩ԾѣλͲĴͼױй¶ȥ
̩ʱЦˣһıģһСӿǳ֪ģ
ԾҲݸ͵ͼ׾УҲֻһֽôһΪʦûȥƴ˶Ϊƴ˶̫ϡԻҵǧ£ǿġ
ѰŻȻаԸпҲԣһƾսװ֮󣬼Ͼȥ쵽
£ͼ׶ʧҲӰ첻
Ѱֽͼ׷ϸоһյͷҵǶƴ˶ܸȤֻֻҪѲʱ䡣
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ţɣ˶ãֶҪ뿪۹عŻˡ̩
Ӧû⡣Ѱ룬Ӧ
ѰѣǾˡԾѹֵ
ѰͺáѰȻһЦԾѵĸйһֱܶԷŮۼؽͷɣɻȻڵκӡ
ԾһѰȻٵһЦ¶һھӨѩ׵ıݣ˵֪ѿҵݣ㻹ǳƺɡ
㣬Ůװ˿չղЦʱӨʺ죬ѩףһֶᾡǦĶϢ
áѰҲЦˡ
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˵գԾѵ䣬ͷҲصشҴ뿪
ѰҾ;ˡԾѻִǱ
Ѱ΢ЦͷĿ뿪૵ԭλҲƯ
ͺȻҡͷԾѵ̫磬統£丸˵ۣĸ˵ۺ󣬾ʦţǹŻһȻĹϾ
һЩ뷨ֻ·ڵһʱ䱻۹ȫ׷ɱɡ

Ѱ߶һֻصƴӣһ˵ľ׺̤ʵ
ңѰٴαչأѡھŲ㣬ֻϴβͬҲڡ
ۺͷ粨·Զȥ޷Ӱ쵽Ѱľ
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ΪѱնȥѰȴܲÿʱỵ̈һֺ㶨ٶţ
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һʱ䣬ϽоͺȻһڡŻ硱۷粨ϯȫǡ
˵¹ѧԺаͥڵĶʮԺӣѱŻˣ
ֹǣߴϵŷԼһЩȨĴУҲһЩһ̳ﶼѶ뿪˵۹
ΪΣ
˵Ϊǵ۹еĴȱԺԽԽ⣬Ӱ쵽ߵ֮·
Ҳ˵ˣ˵Ƕ쾳ǿٲ뿪ⱲӼƾ־ˣʺ͵޹أΪܵ˴ȱӰ졣
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ۣܿռϽŵĻ⣬ټ٣˭Ҳ޷ȷα
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ⲻò˻ɣǷģ
Ϊһ粨ɢõ۹Ķһ˿ҡջǵ۹ҳ棬ѹһ粨
ڰУйشµȴһֱţĳһʱ̵ʱͻ׵ı
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Щϲǣֻר£̤ʵеƽ
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ֻǺܿ죬ͳţʧû̫Ĺעۡ
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գӰڱУͷʧùӡׯࡢ
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ѰҲһĨԣǾ۹ùĴսװ
ɽ٣ɢƣɺذޱȣһֺŰϡ
Ѱ˶߱۵֮ϣԻ֮Ԧӵв˼ܡ
Ҳž񾲿飬ʺ㣬ñ谭ĵ;
ѰһȻСѾͷЩ



520 ر
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ȫΪʵͣҲΨԾֵᣬܽƿء
ѰۣҲ֪ȱԼĵ;壬ʺԼ
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ȻѰһڶУָжʱӿֳ貵ǻԣһ׻ѹƿɲ
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һ˲·棬һһУ˴໥ѹȣһʱ֮䣬ǻϯ׼ھŲм档
ѰһգգһĽ档
䣡
һʱκβǾ类ŭֲãǹ⣬˷ѹһС
㱼䣬ͷ·ǶչһѹǾ
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ۼͻңҪھŲûѰԥֹ֣һС
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ѰȵĻУӹ䱦ѪԭлãĪ⣬ӹɵ졣
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ΨһȱݾڣֻһűܻսװΪṩȫ
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˵ʱѰԸ⣬ʱ̤붴쾳ż
ֻǺΪһԵɺϣѰ֮ɽһ˿ˮ֮⾳
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ˮ֮⾳һ˿ƿʱųƵԲ
Ǳ֪Ƿɡ
麣ߣ޲þƾ쾳ѰãΪԲزͬꡢѱ˼ز
Ҫȥƿһ˿ˮ֮⾳֮󣬲ѡȥƾβ𺧣
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ȷһȫ漣Ĵ٣Ǵȥнһ䶯ɡ
ȻĿǰѰ⾳飬ϵҲֻһ֪һ˵ܡ

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ԭǰ̩ˣû뿪һֱڵѰĺϢ
ѰѷӡžһӶʱ̩ü
ɹˣ
¶ѰģɵȷĳɹƳʱ̩һԵļ𺳡
ǧʦ޼ƿʩһرȻڽ񳯱Ƴ̩ò
֪ʱʱ֮ѰһγɹƳ˵ڶսװҲֻ֪εȴĺ䶯ˡ
ȻѰ̩й¶µģǣ̫ǻ۵֮Ȼй¶Ļ֪Ŀ⡣
ããã
̩ôУͲ㵸ˣⶼڶݺĴѰ򣬡Сο˴󹦣
ãҼȻ˴󹦣ǷһЩѰЦʵ
̩ʱɿȵģ۹ҿ϶סģˣȻȥˣò˶ãѵ»ǰл
û˵꣬ӾͽŵĨͣһˣʧñ˭졣
ѰһаӼֱ黫ƹռһ˿˼ֱȵ컹ѡ



521 ط
̩뿪ûãҲѶȻҲһֱڹעѰĶ
һ֡ӡְɡ
ǰѰɺִܵ
ɹˣ
ҲһѰչصԭ򣬲ȻҲ֪һֻܣܹѯʡ
Ѱ˵ͷҲδ
ˣ׼ɲⱻǣɫͣòŸпǡһ漣
ǰ˭󣬲ʱѣѰһγɹƳһսװҲʧܣ
Ҫ֪֮ķϣƽ̩ʦ޷˵ѰܹƳ֮䣬ȫһʹȻԺͲˡ
ʱһִ粨
޷֪յѰһγɹһֻҲоշ̣޹
ظпãŻعǰѰǽֻ㷢пģ档
ԭѰչصʱ߷ڡħɢҩϢ
ֻǿϧһһЩϢ棬ΨһɿϢҲԵ̫ʵʡ
˵ҪħɢֻǰڰͥΪħɢǴġ
ֱһȷķϻ֪Ϣ϶٣ڵ䣬۹ͺڰͥУ˵ˣֻһͻ⵽޾ɱ
һУѰҲȻʶҪħɢԼлҪࡣ
ѵû취ˣѰ̲סʡ
ϵǣȴ˵У˵λ꺣һΪ껨ҩܹ¸涾ֻվһţ˭Ҳ޷ȷα
˶٣λ꺣мΣգ֮ǰǺڰͥҲѶãڷֲֶѣֲ־ʿҲײС
֪ЩѰһΣʶҪʱڰսϵħɢ֮ǲˡ
УǼסˡ껨֡
ˣǰЩ컹һ˵һλ뽻Բġ
˵ţóһźӡü
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ֽݵĵһۣѰͫһУüȻһĨ֮ɫ
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סԼһǰҷа֣ԺͱټƴЩˣ
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ѰЩǱڰеĵ˭ðգҲȷûоκˣԲǸҳ


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ⳬȺһɫ࿪ڣһ̣Ѱʱǲ֪ʲôп־;
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ǣȴһҳ¾ͨıһֱȺǣѰɽִڿն
ƾͨ˿ȴһֲ˼ٶȣٿȻʧߣ


525 Ѫնϡġ
ƾͨڲȴװݻռ伫˵ǣڱֲ࣬ʮ͵սڣ
Բһͨǰ򵥡
ڣĻЩпƵĿŶ꣬ĺ촽¶һھӨݣڵ۹еĵλϾᷢ顣
ѰҲڴġˡĻһŮˣ졢ġױݾƯһűˮۡң֡
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Ѱαϣ˫ֻԺЦÿоҾǱֵú࣬ĿǰҲ޲
Ļɫ䷺һĨɫ̫ģ⣬㿤ǱѾʼжˡ
˶٣ȻһЦҦغɥĲΪһҦңΪΪˣʡԺ绽꣬ĴУҲֻһϹˣԸֻʯիԽţ
ѰҦغ𣿡
ѵǣĻշʡ
Ѱ䣬ͳһֱ룬ʲôԭ򣬲ŻҦغѡʱҹȥԾһ޴ޱȵľ˶˵ҦغҦҼܺһ˿һƫƫôˣ˵ͼıʲô
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ˣֻϼһ̫ɣҺڳ˴ƣ
Ѱϻ˵Щˣ̽ҦҵҲˡ

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ΪҦˣҲΪľΣǶϲͬԷģ
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ѰкâӿУҦȫ˼ҲЩһ˵ı󣡡
ҦغɫĮޱ飬úѰ粵
£˫ʼʣ̲޾գֻҦǱһĿѣоһ衣
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ѰʯիҡҶҡҵȻǿߣ˿ҲԴ
εɱ̣ͬƬطƱãһɽţһĻҩζ
ҦǱߣһɫأҧгݣǶ֪עһսɱ⡣
غҦҵ
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ǱۣǶִ˴γ̫ǿˣһȺ쾳ڰ
ڵ۹ʡˣ
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֮ѰһֱڻɣҦغ󣬻һǿڲһС
ʱҦغ˻ѰһӾͶ϶ԼһֱĻɼпģ

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һ׹͵ޱȵıϢӿѪɫɷܻɷӰ
ԭҦغӳҪѰ־ܵһֻǺһıʣ˶Եһ
ȻһɲȴƵĶˣ㣬Ȼֱһ׹ǳǹٿȻ
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һλ쾳ǿ֣߳Էɽ󺣣һء
ʱһȺ쾳ǿֱ߳һѽ٣ӵĻƻ֮
ԶҦ˻ǱһȺǿ߳Уֻɺεȿµѡ
ΨҦغĮȻ˫ָǣͫâ䣬ҲһĨ˷ڡ
ڣ˽ʱˣ
ǺǣЩСӣҲҺͱа壿
Ǹɬһأһλڷ
¡һͼһ׹УȻһΰӰأһӣʮ
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˲ѣһȺ쾳ǿֽͬݺɳȥпѪĵأԵޱǱ
̫𺳣˭һȺԺе۹ʡĶ쾳ʿ˿ȴ˲
Ҧ˵ɴ۾翴һĻ漣㣬ͣ٣̫ǿˣ֮䣬һڶ쾳ڣ˷𶯣⡭ѵһλߣ
Ǿͱ⿺ޱȣһλǿ򣬹ֲ峤
ٿҦغ˿Ҳ¶Ц⣬һ˳ᢣһо֮е̬
ĵƣ
Ҧغݺ꣬᲻֪ҪɱѰܵನۣ
²Ѱ콾Ȼһǰ
ҦغƫƫôΪ޿֣壡

ΰӰһ֣һɿְֲ˷Ƭȫǡ
Լ֮䣬ض·ڰݱܹΰӰܣϵĴ⾳ӿ֣ضɲƿҪѹһ
ǳ쾳־ǿ˲֪ٱԶԶһ͸еС
ͷ·һλɽ֮۵ֻܸ׳Ƴϲ£
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ߣ
ǵȻܹжϳΰӰҲˣǸеš
˭㿤Ҧ֮Уһ۹֮۵
Ѱֲ߰Ҧغ޿֡
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ߵƿȺףҪֿ֮ͬһĴڡ
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ۼһ־ͽĻ˭һȴɱһѪ飬һþƷת
Ҧغܽܵˣ
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һڶ쾳ǿߺŭһɱһ𹥴ҦңһѪȷ籩
ҦԲԴУҲķһƴΪǶһս޷⡣
ҪôҪô
һʱ֮䣬ƬŭšϼŰɲıѹգطͷţ̻Ѥá
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ȾѪ֮ɫɱҽŭ˻̹Ѫ衣
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һѪȶҵĻ棬ΪĶ̫㿤ߡ
ȴû˸ҿΪɱ̫ɲײҲ̫ǿʢ˵һˣ߿ܻᱻв
찡ҪҦ𣿡
㿤һ𶯡
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УѰһӣһ磬Ҧغ
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Ǻǣƾ㣿˵ղܵˣȫʢʱڣҶԣҲֻһֻϣ
ҦغЦУʼһһϲΪþ֮УֻѰһˣԣвС
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ǺǣСһ湻ģΪһսװܻңȻǾͰС°ɣ
ҦغЦҲǺȻ
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˿̣뷢ɫϣϼǣֱһƽȻвƥ֮ɲơ
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ҦغЦΪﵽ£ƣҪѰȫѹ
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ˣ
âһ⣬Ѱ˽ȥڡ
󣬱תƴСҦغС

ҦغŽɫ˽Ǳ̲סЦ˵ãǱսҵıУ
ⱦһűҦغڰٶǰѾ˼һϹżѰõ̺⣬һɨϯﲻգǶ쾳ǿߣҲѡ
˼ǣⱦŲ㣬ÿһнԷӡŲͬɲ⣬Ҳ˼ǿ
Ҧغǿֻܶñһзӡġ⡱ɼˣѷͬ죬һöãܽκαѹе黯һ̲ŧѪ
ȰС֮ͽУʱ˭赲ҵĲ
ҦغЦ
ΪעҪһսһȴû뵽ѰɵҪþжԾ
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ˣ
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ͫһжһѵⶼѹסС
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Ѱãڵսװֳֳǹ˳ûжķϻնǹʹɱȥ
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Ҫ֪㲻սװڹʱѰ羳սնɱ쾳ڡ
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ʽϣʰ˽״Ȼƽͣϸȥʵһֹӵɫֻ뵳ĹֳһֹĽɫԵûֺ
ֻаƴСɲѿ֮˽ǣ˰˸֣ÿһԳһأɽӡ쾭γϹȵ
һϹĺۼ˸֣ӡ֮ϣһŵۻϡ
˲ѣѰҲһ˿㱣·𿴼֮ǰǿպ嫣һſһ˼վݣ
ϧǣλãԭӦ׭ģȴֻʣ²ȱĺۼ
Լֻܿһޡ֣
ֱּϲԵϻۣ̺һһ֮ڣȱȴһĵϣѰһС֮⣬еԵѹ֮С
һȱּѣȴѰʶ˴Ĳ
ʵҲȷˣ֮ǰһ˲ϯУǱһڣڳӯ⣬ͷųޱȣѰĥС
ҵǣûбҦغƿأѰ˿ɳ֮ƴȫ֮ȫܣǿܿѹȣг
Ļ룡
ӹɣֱȻһϹűҦغȫƿء
Ѱ˱Ժú̽һܽƿأɵֶһŵơ
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ûٵ飬ѰƬþ
սѲβټҦң˿̼֮أǽ壬
ƬأܵƻɼʬȾѪѵĵ棬Ŀġ
һҲǣһȺ쾳ǿߺŭɱһֻ㿤ưԵҦֿܵ
Զ޺ޱȣѰ̧ۿȥȴһȺס
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ѰһĻɫϲžɻԹ˭
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ѰһԶЩʹ޵ҦҸ棬ʵЩ˻δã
Ļڵܼ򵥣۹þˣҦҴ˴ιڰ壬֤ȷ䣬嶼û⡣
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ѰһʶǷھ֮ϵ֮սԭĻֻǲ֪˭ʤ˭ˡ
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ֻߵ;ֶס׿ԶҦңΪ棬ĿѪȵĴϻص
ȻѰջĿ⣬ٲͷ
ֻһǰδеľģԺֻҪѰţ;Բּֽ֮ͷϣ

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ֻǣ˭޷һλµʦȻӵ˿ɲƣһһϦ֮䣬һţ
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εϣһұ׷˸ѩ׵Ʋѹ飬ٶȼ죬۹λ꺣ʻȥ
ڱж죬繬㣬ͬķ䡣
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ѰƳʼĴѱ򵽵һ˿ˮ֮⾳
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ңԹҲи֣ȻԾѡƳǷǾסɱѽѷ֣ޱȡ

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ѰͷֱתŽӲӵ⣬ɢϯԹȥɷȫȡѹڱС
ղѰע⵽ɷϢʴ꣬Ȼ鷢Լϡ
ֱڴ˿ֳ䲻ѰȴԱݣϯ£ЩɷѰͱϯһա
ৣ
͵أһɫٶɱȻǸղͷȶ쾳Թ飬һֱѰ׷ԹУʱʱѰͻȻ͵Ϯ
ȻӵеǻۺʶԹԶԶ޷ȵġ
ֻǣ͵ϮעҪʧܣѰѲٱʵ֮ԶԶ뿪ǱҪĿľնɱͷԹ飡
ʶͷԹѰǶʱһĨͻȣ˷͵ػӶС
أ
һĨɫ飬ͬʱѰ̤󤲽ɲǼѣͷԹǰǻɱ¡
ԹһƸû뵽εĶ־һӱͿֲ
ʶҪӱܡ
ֻѾһ۵һԹ鱻һ룡
ȴûȥǷУɬǣԵüɬ죬ƺںȳѰԹͷŭζ
˵
Ѱһ𣬵ֱϯԹ˲;ߣѹڡ
˵Թ飬һӵǻۺͶ쾳ʵλҼ񵽱ˡ
ѰȣɼǵãԹеһѵҲһؿµı
¡
ֻǣѰǱͼԹУɲǼµӰ˻ţһǰΧɱѰ
ȻѰղɱͷԹ飬ԹУҲһ㣬ͱѣ˸Թɱ
𣡡
ʵҲȷˣʱԹУһսǿף
ңɱѰʱзɬڷŭҪѰղͷԹ顣
ѵղԹԼĻҪ󣿡
ѰţȴͷֱϯȻĿ⡣
Уλðǻԣɱ˷
һ̵ѰֱһɣϹžȴǿƣкƾʮأǬļơ
ۣ
Ƭ̣ѰٴɱһͷԹ֣ͬʱֱԹɷȫȡѹ
ɱ
ѰԹϣ½նɱһͷһͷԹ֣ЩͨԹ飬ͱмĵâݿ顣
ǳҲˡ
ϾԹѰ˷Թ飬ΧС
ߣֻѸе;壬ϣɱΧطǱ
ѰãԽսԽ£ɱ𣬷ʱȥˣԵǿ֮
Ѱ麣ԲУ⾡һսʹ죬ѹңҲϽǰ˼ɣֻд⼤սⱼӿ
ԹǱԶȻԾǽԶڼսעⲻߡ
ĻѰһ麣ӡȴչֳ̬սֻ»Щ鱦ʥصĵӶе𾪡
ϾǡԹ֡һȶ쾳ڣѰ£ȴ²һһһո
Եúܷ˼ɶѰԣģϾڹʱɱ쾳ڡ
ΪꡢϽԲزһˮ֮⾳šֱǻԶСɱɱ쾳ڣǲŽЦ
ɱ
ѰڷӨӨӲӣɫԣ麣ת֮صıԴҲʥϢһڴԨѣ֮
һ̵ݺأâǺӣ̬ɽӣֱһħ
ԹΧУȴһ޿ƥУҵţ
ѰѪڷڣտȻ䡣Ͻʱۺ˭ԾҪ˼Ϳ̫飬ţԾʩչ
λ꺣ԹذΧ£ȴѰ޼ɵս׵һеļ͹ǣָоֹʹ죬ֱ̫ʹˣ
սУѰɱԹֱܶ࣬ѹҲ١
ѰѾЩͨԹ飬ѹģԶӵʶǻ۵Թ֡
ֱʱѾʮԹֱѹڱڣȻǳѰĶ¡
ţ
ȻѰоüľʹ˷һһնҪ꣡
ε깥ȴƹ£ͻȻϮ֮£
䣡
Ѱ͵һҧתСڤܻ֮ѭ֮࣬ѹʶ
ˣüλãһѪ£㲻ʲôƣȴ֮ա
ССڤѹʶϮԻὫشɢ
˭
Ѱ̤󤲽ԶԶܣͬʱĿɨܣȴԹããһƬİĻɫɷ֣ͿղŵϮ
ѰеɣȻʶԹУиΪǿĴڣ
侲ٶʼȫԶı

ѰҪߣһɭȻɲ깥ٶϢһɽҪնѰĻ꣡
ңһεĹһƬĺڹ⣬һѰƮ
ѰȻë׵ʶһǿޱȵΣգһƴСѣȴ޷˵ĹֲƺֻҪմȾͻ˲Ϣήһ
䣡
ѰκγɣתСڤͬʱԥӶУһСʽɱ



544 äɮŮ
ʽ
һɲбӿǺӰλùԣչâ£ǺȽȽ
⾳ʣɸһӿ֣һԹ˲ɢѩˮУ澪Ķǡ
ĿǰѰʩչǿֶ֮һƣʽﵽһȫ¸߶ȡ
ʥ飬ȴﲻ
Ȼһɫ㣬һ˶ϡ
ᡢһ˵Ϣ
ѰֻһоһɽѹڶϣǿɲޱȵѹȵǷظĦѪܵòѪ
䣡
ĺɫڶţ꾧Өҹҹɫڰ䣬ͷųϢҪС
ѰͫгһĨ㱣Ҫʧأ̫ǿڶѰֿѡ
л֮䣬ѰԹһźɫͷġ
˺ȻǣͷϣȻһӰϣƵѪɫģնѰ߲İ׹飬һӣȴԵùɭȻޱȡ
ǹͷӡһŵĺɫ㣬
պϣȻѪɫĲƣѾԲţȴһֲֿ׵ơ
˭
Ѱоκˣʶл㱣Ϊ˻þ
ԹУȴһλӰĿֲӰȾѪģհ׹飬ͷӡϥһߺɫͷϣ
⻭̫ˣ˹ɭȻϢ
ѰоԼҪ٣Ҫ֧Ųסϵĺɫɢ类ѹȣڲ
ô
Թгһλͷڵ֮⣬ỹһķӣ
˭
ѵҲһλߣ
˿ֲ˾޷ȥֿ
ѰоԼʶԽԽģҰãǿҵΣϢ̼ڲڡ
ˣ
ڴʱж͵طһĵ貵ǻڣ㣬һճڶϵĺɫȼȼ
ʱѰһ𣬸о˽ļججʶȻѹ
ſжϣֳһƬǰδĵƷţȻܣԲȱģ
ɼˣһƬƷų֣öӵһ˵Ķ˲Ϣͽһٻ
ͻȻһ
ͼԹϥںɫͷϵķӰ֪ʱ˽յƤ
ȻɲǣۿпնһƬûһͨԨأԻѪ
ǻ棬캧˵˼£ѰһϣͷƤ飬ûͫɵʱѰоԶŵħס亹͸һָͷˡ
еĶϣصĲȱʧУҲﲻѰʲôæ
ѰһλˮһߡˮǧɽŹʱҲͬˣܵһǰδеĴֲ
ܹ֪ˮǧɽһɭȻϢķӰҪԵøֲ

һɬͳ𣬷·ܾúܾö˵õģɬ
ѰľǷӰ˵
ֻǣ˭
ѰԿǷӿնԨۿڿԼԼеĶУ
ѵǡ˵ǶУ
¹ȥѾˡ
Ȼһ䣬һִ̹ǵĺ⣬ѰĤը类͵һѪ
һһѰȴѰܴˣ
Լ䣬ѰһĨԼӰоһ˿ϤϢ͵ǰõ·;ϣһƯںʬ
ʬϹǿߣϾԹ飬Ѱڲ֮䣬ƳһԼӰ֣ɲǼʧ
ʱѰΪǻþɴʱٴοһԼӰվǷӰԱߣ
ֻǣӰһɬĻҰУð㣬޷ģ

ӰЩʣ͸һŭ⡣
ԼӰĬò˵߰ɣʵˡ
оһ޵Ȼį
ˣ
Ӱһ̾ǿնۿ١ѰĶУ±պϡ
һٻӰǷӰһ˲䣬ûӰһʧ
Ѱֻһɣͬ㣬ϵѹֺѹȣȫʧ
ٿԹʲôҲ·ղžһʣǷӰʹԼӰͲڹһ
Ѱɫ԰ף亹͸ȷղžԲǻþʵģ
ֱʱǹķӰնûۿɫͷȾѪģ߲İ׹飬Լͷһĺͼ
һĨԼӰҪأҰ֮ȫ޷ա
˭
Ϊγ֮ʧ
ѰĻ㱡
ɱ
ֻǺܿ죬͹˲ЩԹǵصɱڣƥ
ѰʧȥսӰ˸ʼǱ߿
һж̫Ī⣬Ҫ侲һ¡


Ƭڣɱŷơ
ȻƳǷ硢Ծǣսޱȡ
ء
ֻûãһͳɭȻĺŽһ㣬ͼǵصԹʼ糱ˮȥ
Ȼˣ
ԾǶһظսʱҲٶѸˣһü䶼ƣ
Щӣ˾Щأһ붼䣬ڸղŵսС
ЩûȥģҲܵˣһѪ˱
ʦãǸƺˡȻǷ翪ڣɫһ˿ζƳۿԾѡ
Ҳһû뵽ʱǷ羹ȥԾߵһˡ
Ǿ¶˼֮ɫƺ³ʲô
ʦ֣ڿЦ𣿡
ԾüһĨŭûյĴݺѡ
ĽƣղŵսУۿѰһͷǿԹ͵ϮֻǵʱҲ˲סȥ
û룬תۼ䣬ͲѰټ
ֱʱ˴ѳˣȴΨѰԾܲǣ
ѰΪӣɺѰݼ⣬ӿɱȣˣԾѾԻھһӡ
ˣǶȷر֮ǵȺϻ
ȻºͿڣûƣȴҷ
ϣжһղŵսУֳ¯һλԹ߶ԾҲ֪һսУǷܰȻ
óأããλ꺣ϣɱأûиȼĸǿɾ鷳ˡ
ףʦ㣬㿴ӻš
أָͯԶ
Ծѻһȥͼɫĺϣһ޳ͦӰϸȥǲѰ
һӣԾϲãĵĵǺھһɨա
Ƿһ£üͷײ壬ݵ˴½СʿܻŻ



545 ־Ƭ
ѰİȻأ˽Щ
ԹŷأǶûаܹ쵽ȻڣѰһ½ȴ쵽ˣ
Ե̫Ѱˡ
һӣǿѰĿвһĨɫ˼
Ƕǵһе콾ȻȱǻۺԼĥԾӣֻ²ǰ򵥡
Ѱһأ΢գ·˶Լĳ֣Щ⡣
Ѱһģλ꺣УԾæǰϱ
ܵˣԾѹʵ
ûû¡Ѱɫ԰͸ƺҪ֤Լû£վջûס͵ؿȳһѪˮɫήҲ
ܵˣ˵û£Ծѹһ䡣
û¡ѰһЦֻǸ˵꣬һҿԣҰˡ
ǿˣŵҩˡԾóһƵɫ鵤ݸѰ
лС㡣Ѱмع
û뵽ʦ湻ģܴԹΧɱ˲˲𡣡Ƿɫ͸һ˿޵ļ
ԾüëһŭǷɲѰһˣЩ̲סˡ
ֻǣڣͼȻºһЦʱҲʵһ֣ˣֻҪܻǺ£Īٶ˵ˡ
һڣԾѣǷ磬Ĭˡ
ȻȻĵλ⣬ҲҲ𾴡
Сû˹עѰˣѰҲһɲΪֵ̫ۣ˵ǡ
ѰҪȻطϢһ£Ծѵ
ãû£ղֻǹµѪǿһѰҲɿ촫
ʱԾĿùƵбѰһۣô˵ûˣ
ѰһЦĬˡ
һ̫ˣϹһԾӯӯӨĴ΢̡
Ҳû취ѾǷˣΪֵ̫ۣҲϣǿɾͲˣ⡭Ҳܱɣ
Ѱʼ硣
ԾȻΪȻĲ֮䵱ӣǵ㱻ǵϣϾʦ֪ʵݣעᷢܶϲ顣
ڴʱԶһӰƮȻڱϣɷǣ뷢ѩǸϣ
ϣˣ
ϣɱԹ𣿡
ȻǷ׷ʳأǳ˿ٵִ֡
ûɱǼһȴɹڵһ־Ƭ
ЦڣʱЩǱȾ˲ѪգɫȴһĨڵϲú˷ܡ
дĿҲһλߵ־ƬϵĹ屦̺һλ߶еĸ;飬ܽбȻ޷ĺô
ֲøܡ
˻Ȼ֮࣬ۡ
ҶԾǼһϹһλǿߵĲӵߵʵɴ˾ͿϹλǿǺǿˣɣһλʥߡ
Ϸһпһ𶯣һ¶̤У⡭ֲ
ѰԺвԽֳλԹߵӰؼ䣬ͷһɽ͵ڣִصİ׹ȣ䣬ƾţ
ɾһλڣȴϹһλǿĲҲ̫˼顣
ѰԾǣһ־Բ۷زǿߣںλԹߵĶԾУǵûܣȡ˶Էһ־ƬԵ̫ף
Ѱϸ˼⣬Ȼ˸һ¯Լжϳܹ쵽һֻǺʹ˱йء
Ͼ鱦ʥصһر
ԸϵΪҪ羳һλߣǲܵ顣
ʲôߣ
ʼԸߴڣ
ȾĿֲͬ޵Уܱ־ʿ
ϣҲһ־Ƭһۡ
ȻȻĸֳһţӨӨӲӣصĵϣ徿
ʱĿⶼȥ
Ȼ͵ǸղսУӱһɱһͷԹڻá
һ̾ȷһλϹǿߵĲ־ӡ̺λǿߵһЩ͸Ψһϧǣ̫ģͲȱ
ԣЩʧ
ҪСϹǿߵĲ־ӡ
Ľָ㡣
ϹУǿߺܹ֮࣬²һ㶼Ǿǵ㹻ǿһЩӡۼ־֮ʴӴ
ЩԵɳ־УǾͳ˽Թ顣
ȻһԹֻԹһЩԹ֣ӵš־ʶܱøǿ
λԹߣĴ
ȻܹѼһ顰־ƬȻԵģͲȱɱϾϹһλʶҲһ屦ˣԼҲ档
һͣ˽ԻȻнܣΪڸղŵĲɱУֹȻˡ־ƬҲԶ
֪ˣҾרȥɱЩԹ֣ڵ־Ƭ
ͯ̾ϢŻ顰־ƬΪʡ
˵ջҲˣ̸һԵһЩڡ
Ϲǿ߲־ƬԸ֪Ϲʱ֮·ѵޱȵı飡
ѰɫʵҲΪ˷ܣڸղŵսУֱѹʮԹǿߣ
ȻǾԲй¶ġ
λ꺣ɱķΣأȴ޷ĻԵ־ƬŻжܹѰٵ
ϸпػģȽʥؾиĻԵȴȥȡ
Ŀнӿâ
˸ղŵսɱǶףλ꺣еĻԵƾȫͬ
ҲǶǼıġʥؾڴˡ

嫶صĺָŰ״̬İضδ֪
˶ѷشУղһսǶĴҪеϢͻָ
иҲݳʲôΣա
ȻǣǸϣǶûвǹطӺӰֹ
ѰҲԼķ䣬ղŵĽ̸вЩɡ
ǹطӺӰӵǿߵҪֲǵĳ֣ȴ˲ΨѰԼŹԵ̫ˡ
ѵ
ǶǱԼģ
ԣ
ǶУ
Ѱϵһ¼Уǰϸ
űӹ䱦ѪԭлãضǿӵпܣȻǲȱģ֮֮䡢ѷɫ
ɾ˽յ飬ȴѰʶеƺҪиغǿ


546 
ڣһ࣬Ͽڹ⻬룬ںĳӲƴʱϵġ
ֻҪתоͻᱬλðǻԣ貳ʢһС
Ѱϸӣ֪ȴǶڲһƬ飬յһ޾ĿԶϢ
ͷ·𣬶ڲһƬ޵磬ֻһгʡա飬ʲôҲ֪
Ź֣ЩϵĲȱȥˡ
Ѱüૡ
ǵãʱһĺɫ£㽫Լɱڹؼʱ̣в䣬ӿֳһƬܵĹϵƣɲǼ䣬ͽһɫٻһա
Ҳһ䣬Ѱһ
ֻǣ˿Ѱƾ̽Ѱ޷ѰٵйЩƵһ˿ۼ
ԽѰо˶Ī⡣

¹ȥѾȥ
ʵˡ
ˣ
ĪأѰԺֻصǹطӺӰĽ̸һӿնɲۿ
ʱڡУϳʲôŻӰֻգҲ֪ʲôԵʣӰʧ
ѵǿеġָѶеԭˣ
Ѱ˼
գѰһ̾˶У˼ȥҲһֻܽɻĵס
гһգʵǿһ̶ʱܿƶеܰɡ
ˣ
ֱѰգŽӲӵĹ⣬ʥֺ롣
Ҳ֪˴Լö־ƬϣԼʧ
ѰзȣƿУв̽
ţ
ֻǣ屦һڵ龰Ѱ۾ʱùԲɫЩһģ
ͼһڣƥ㣬תͣǵĹ⣬ƻá
ֻǣ˿ȴһ꣬ڵǣڱ֮籡һϼһͷԹϵɷ
ܹԹӰ𽥱ģܿʧȫһա
ͣɺͷһδ̾Ϣ
һ˭
Ϊλֱһ㣿
ѰľɣղһĻ̫㤣ڱǺ֮䣬һͷԹ֣ޱȡ
Ҫ֪Թϵɷ£޷޸ʴΨֶ֮ȴԴΪʳ
ѵԼץʮԹ֣Ǳһˣ
ѰӿһԵĻһ˿̿յģֻһˣĿ˸ղž㤵ɻ棬ѰһӾͶ϶ף
ģ
ǿһ־ӡ񡭡Ȼ˳ˣ
ѰҲ޷򶨣ܻΪԼ˴ջ֮󣬻ҪЩ鱦ʥصĵ֮ϣ룬һתȴȡ¡
ߣ࣬Ȼˣݱ
͵أƲʲôȻ˫ָϵĴȣĿӲ硣
ò信ݰףüëŨī罣һֱһԲȻͫͬ䵶̣һаϢ
ǷѾ㹻ӢƯˣ꾹ҲѶãһֶеа֮
˿̣΢ͫ磬͸һĨ°ҲѰĿҲ

ԷΪ
Ѱоɣע⵽ϣһѵȾѪĲƣء
ͷԹ飿
Ѱѿڶ
ˣʱԼɱǸӵǻۣսթԼй͵ϮԹ飬Լһ֮ȴûȥǱԼѹⱦС
ʱΪԹ飬ͱһԹΧѰҪȻһ
ҲѰжϳӵй쵶ļһע򵥡
ֻѰȴʵû취һǰһ̫һˡ
ǣǹĵȴУȴѰòһݡ
󵨣֮ǰԱ񣬱ˣ㾹ҽԹǵɫֱǸɱ
ȳ⣬ɫ°ϣԳɱһһеİ̬
һ£ѰȷǸյԹ飡
ǰϣָҷ㲻֪飬Ҳƽϣȥ㲻
ȣ̬źͰ
ŶȻΪβԼҪ
Ѱޱ飬Ͳһס
ԼļһԼץʮԹֳˣŵԼѰҲǻðɣòᡣ
ߣǸһᣬȻ㲻ϧͱֱʩչϵһٻⱦ
ɫᣬаĿϾв֮⣬ʱɾûкڵĻˣ
ѰŭЦѾ϶һƣյģ˳ô࡮־Ƭвң
һ㶣жʱһ˿
Ҳ򶨣ɿһС޺йʵѵãñҲϧ֮⣬ˣͲΪ㣬ԸһԵֻҪ㡭
ˡ
ѰƤЦⲻЦ¶һѩ׵ݣҾһԼĴ
ɫ΢䣬Щˣǿ򶨵Ǻ⣿Ҫ֪ѧذ壬ƹŽ㷨һţ֤Ҳֵ顭
˵꣬ҽУһϣһͨһڵϣǱ
ӴǶ㷨ߣ
ѰЦúܲãжɲ⣬ɱ
ˣЩš־ӡԹֶԵĶڵѪúһ꣬ԲЩȥġ־ӡ
ৡ
һƮҷ䣬һӲӵޣ£ҫۣɲ
ͼҽţѾӷܣһͷܵǱģ
࣡Ѱ·
ϣҸѵģ㾹˲̣ţȥʱǽң
ˣǸ𣿡
ҽͷ飬ϾѪܵ˺ۡ
ղŵ°аȡһڵȴ޵ģ仯̫ˡ
ѰĻ׷ŹƾģҲΪֿ̳ͷ
ֻѰҲȵǣȻƣϲţȴԵ쳣ᣬߣֻ˴֧Ųס
һɻģһ
̫ˣ㾹˺ģҪ˱֪˭֪ԹΪҲöԱ֣
УҲˣаȵϾǱͷŭ֮ɫ
вûãѰˡ
գӲӵͫѪŭڣһХֻ˵ĻȴѰһӵɴ۾
ͣͣͣүҰɣ
갧˺ѷΣ˱룬ɼ˿̵Ƕκͱߡ
ѰҲһһ£Ц㣿ҵ־Ƭ㣿룡
˵ʱһ䣬ʵʵϡ
ۣ
ѰȻǣһƬ˸֮겻ˣȴһֻӲӵ󡣬һȵġ



547 
۹нһƤȵĸ󡲻ңȵʿضǡ
ڣѰͼһֻȵĸ󡣡
һӣĿͱù죬ԭһֻ󡾫õ
ͼͭ裬ͨӲƽƵģϼͫǡһԽǮſڵأ֣һʥıȫԵúر
ɣ
ʱԵܻĶçƵ羪𵴡
ԭ㲻Թ飬һֻ󡣿Ѱʡ
仰һѵݺݴʹ˸һ߸ߣŭǽ󸣡Ϲźպһ޶˶󸣡޼˱ҲſǣϹʥͼ˱Ҳðѱ㡭СӶ򣡡
ɽţף͸űͷŭ
󸣿
Ѱ͵𣬴˵еϹУȷһֶ飬ͨ飬ʶа֣ΪӵŲ˼
ͬʱҲһֲֿ֣£ǬսҲ졣
ֻǣվֻǴ˵Ѱɲţǰֻա޳ܡϲ͵Ϯʹţļһӵжྪˡ
࣬Ҳʶˣ˵ʱ޷ƾ⣬ɱ̸һʽףָһԵ컯˱Σ
һĿǿڣȻǱúˣٳ硣
ν£òͷҲֻ˰οԼ
Ѱ̾˿㻹ûԼĴ

˵ʱתŵһ£е㾿ŷң
ȻشҼ⡣ѰЦ
˵ԥ
ȷˣͬʱޱίǿߣʶʱһ޲ð䱦ѰӲԣֶᣬֱɥĲ
ʲô֣
һϵ¶һ޶ȵȣ֣лú˵
ҵЩ־ƬǲǱˣ
ʲô־Ƭ
ʵ
Ȼһҽֱһñͷܣ޵
˵˵𣿡ɥͷɥ³ʮţӨӨӲӣŵϡ
Ȼ־Ƭ
Ѱʱһϲԭֻ̽һ£û룬ЩȻڣûб
ɫһЦǼͷݺݳ㣬Ͳʲôϣ
ճ鴤ĬȻѰò̵ͷ
ѰѯһЩ⣬ȻϣͲʲô
ԭȷнһԴʶһֱƬڣˡ
νġڣѰڵƬ򣬴Ϲش֮أڣ˲֪Ϲǿˡ
Ѱ֪ţҲһ
ڣ
⴫棬̫ˡ
һʶȴ飬ֻǵԼ֣֮⣬ʲôҲǵá
һֱѰ·뿪ڣѰԼǰļ䡣
ֻεǣûҵ·ͱ˸ˣ
ˣԹߣΪ
δֻǽ뿪
Ȼ󣬽һͰԼһͷԹ飬˻ߣû취Ҳֻ߲
һֱ죬ԭ˼ս׼˻ߣû룬ȴѰץ
Ѱ֪ЩҲһЩ飬νġǺ͸ϼսԹߣ
ȻʣΪβɱ㣬ǰߣ
һʱ¶һ°ϵɫ˭ϵ¶һ޶󸣡ǻһٸӣҲҶԱ
һֿʼɪˡ
ѰѾúƽϣ˼Ƭ̣ͺȻüɵȻҪûܣΪλҪ͵Ϯɱң
һɿһëˣһЩѵһı͹ܲסԼˡ
ʲô˼Ѱü
һĿɨűһܣͻȻŭΪʲôʱ򲻳֣ƫƫʱ֣ǹ⹴𣿿ɺޣʵǿɺޣӳ죬ң£Ļᱻ
ѰȻðףԭһǱֱˡ
Ѱ֪
֪һشĺܸɴࡣ
ƺµѰĽ͵䲻֪ȴԶ϶һ˲õĹűϢ̫رˣˣĿܻע⣿
ѰЩʧ
ô˵˱ܹͷ󸶼ۺ죬ɷĻҲҪ֣ȻͬСˡ
ãԺ׻ǲҪ˱עɱ֮
һȻѣ̫Ѱһͨʶ䣬ȴرͨġ컯ͣƫƫȴһֻɬõöضȻ̫Źˡ
컯
Ѱԭûô⣬ɵ컯֣жʱݺһ𣬵Ϊʦ̫컯ļֵˣԳģ
³У
¾ϹʱڣֻҪĴָСһ飬һңǿԴѪɺӣ
ŵ˵ƾ컯֣ߵĿźᣡ
ֱͨаƴСоŴ磬ȫɡ컯ͣ
Ҳ˵ƾģȥ֪ٿźۺĿ⡣
һӣѰУֱòһˣһɫʡ
ʽϣʰ˽״ʵһֹӵɫֻ뵳ĹֳһֹĽɫԵûֺ
Ȼǡ컯ɫ뵹ֺϣ
ֻаƴСȴ˰˸֣ÿһԳһأɽӡ쾭γϹȵ
һϹĺۼ˸֣ӡ֮ϣһŵۻϡ
֮䣬Ѱ·ֿһϵľ󡪡
֮ǰǿպ嫣һſһ˼վݣ
о㹻ˣֱҲĪ⡭ʵ󡭡
Ѱип
Ŀ⿴һȱġޡ֣һһϲԵϻУ䲻ȴһĵѹ֮С
ʱ򣬱һУ۵һһ»ģаȡ°ͫӲ硣
˵ı˵ˣܸ÷ű뿪˰ɣ
һһʵ
뿪˭˵Ҫˣ
Ѱһģʵڵ֪һ֮ûߣ
Ц
󸰡˵еϹ֣ӵв˼ܹףа֣ͨʶ䡣
ֱţԼߣ



548 Ϲ
㡭Ҳ̫޳˰ɣӶûһСˣһŭû£ƿڴ
ʵˣԭѰ򣬾ܾ˱òͷ
룬ϵ˵һУѰɲߣһӾܲˡ
ڷ㣬һй¶ⱦϢô죿
ȽһڣѰͼɣ㲻뿪ڣ뿪ʱҲӴ㣬͵Ĳˡ
޳ܣһУ䲻ʡ
ȱҾ㣬ѵһӱѰЦʵ
޳ܣģӾȻղŵĹֱϹӵۣһɿѡ
ѰգĿɨŽһ°Ȼϸĵأòᡭ˰ɣ
ĿڽһɲɫϷʹ졣
һǿڵһ±Ǻޱȣ˫ʶסɲһ߷ץޱȵģ
ҧгݣף㡭ˣ̬Ҫȥǽι
ѰЦϸʶʱΪܣú侲һ£ʲôʱˣٺú̸һ̸
˵գѰܽһáֱֱ
ϣԺ󲻵Ҫʱ򣬾Բ¶ر
лãֻҪЩصĵƣҲֻһ侪޵жѣ̫ע⡣
ֱͲͬˣͨȻɡ컯ͣһʶƣǾԻһԤֻ

УʮŸ֣ӨӨӲӣʵϡ
־Ƭ£ʮ飬ǴӽһӲġ
ÿһ־ƬУ̺Ϲǿߵо飬ȻģͲȱɼֵͻò
ȻԾЩ鱦ʥصĴˣҲŻ־Ƭѡ
˵۴˴κԹսУ˭ջ󣬳˸֮⣬Ѱɣ

ѰһԺȡһ־ƬȻʣȫӡ
ϥɢһƸ֪һ־ƬʶʼĲ
Ϲǿ߲־ƬʴȻģȱȴλǿߵ;飡
ֻҪգ˵ԿŵϹʱڵ֮·Ժע档

λ꺣ž;İչ¡
ϣǷķ䡣
ʦ֣ҲʦӲ򵥡
ۣͯ࣬һÿɰͯ˿ȴԵú
˵ģ
ǷһϮۣǣƯһƬ
Ǻǣʦ֣ҲڣҴϣ˭֪ǸС
Цɱ˵ֻΪӣ˴ˡ
Ƿü˵Ϊʲô
ɫһ࣬ʦ֣ʱ򣬺αڣʵҺһҲСеı
ǷжȻһĨɲĻâ飬㡭Ҳˣ
΢΢һЦҲ²ⲻеıǺܲӦɡ컯ͣɫʲӽֶصϢ˼٣
ǷӿĬ
컯ȿ屦ڹŻУﴹѣһ޷ԤȻ󲨣˭½һСУӵȱֱǷ˼
ʱǷҲڲٳĬɨ飬㡭СӶ֣
ЦҵȻ룬ֻǾ͵ʦ㲻Ӧ
ߣ
Ƿߣޱ˵ĲҵȷҲ˴˱ȴ޷ȷǾǷ컯
˵⣬ǷһĨмĻȣοΪ֮⣬ûб˵˱ˣ
ˣ
һͫ΢΢УЦԣҲʦһһ¸ν
ҿԸ㣬ȻƳ϶ڹʦܣҲܿһЩΪˣȻᡣ
ǷĮȻԣ˱ע⣬ȥȻƳ
ȻʦԳһ
ȻǷһĨɵЦôѵΪȻһʳ˼̻ˣûеֶκͳǸȻɿн֮λ
Ŀ˸ô˵ȻʦҲ˵⣿
Ƿɫ룬һˣЩУȻΨһһҿ͸ģԽԵɲ⡣
ǲ֪ʦִôȻʵ
Ƚʥؾ˵ɣעӲģǸÿǵǣȹȻƳһء
Ƿƽ
ǣʱЦˣͷǾԤףǺˡ
ʦܣҼǵǰɴû컯Ϊ˿϶Сеıɴ˱
ȻǷʵ磬顣
ǡ
˵ȻʶףʱڨڨЦʦ֣ҵñܣģԲӰǵĺ
ǷɫֻŶһ


һȥиһ·ϵоգδٷ̫Σյ顣
һЩսҲǱⲻ˵ġ
Ƭ̫죬ֹǱԹ飬һЩϡŹֵ飬еʬеǴӺ׳еǴ׵ܻ
̸̫գһ˾Ĩɱ
ֱԽһ׹Ƕѻĺе֮󣬸ϸһܵϢ
죬ִܵʥؾڣ
ҹ
ѰӴɫ㱡
һ־ƬѾˣֻǡȴأԲһЩѵĻ棬ܵӰ졣
Щ죬ѰһѪȵΡ
еϹʱһλǿߡ
ÿ춼ڰ桢СսжɹʶççۻĹϾ޳ǣɳĮϹ֮ɽĿùʮһյ
ҲµĵˣħУŰ岢ӵŲͬĴ߳أХƣһһս֪˻
ЩʵϣѰʧУȴԼ˭
ҵǣЩģ϶ھһƬΣѰʶݡ
Ϲ¡ԭǰɲ
Ѱ̾־Ƭľ̫ѵãŵϹŵһǾᵽϹĻԻͺͿɲ
־һֱ;飬Увʲô־ĳȴѰСһȫ֪ͬ
ˣ
ȻڰУȻһƼϸ΢ͬʱһ㺮âէ֣ӱֱѰͷ­
̫ͻȻˣ
ⱦÿһ䣬Ըƣиȼǿ˭󣬾ϢǱѰ䣬ͻȻչɱ

䲻ݷ֮ʣѰһŤͬʱһȭһ㺮âϡ
һĨâһµ˿ڣѪʣ



549 ֮̿

âէ֣һĨ⣬һްӰӰ㲻ʵ
ʵ̫ˣһĨٴγ嵽ǰֱȡѰͷ­ƾ֣˼ͻأ
һƾϮҲɲһУǱУȻĵ

ʱûһĨ⻹δִѰһƺڷͱնϣ̹ǵĽ׹ߡ
ǧһʱ̣ѰһƺȻŤԭܡ
Ǳ󤲽һּã
⻹ͻƼٶȣȻ㲻ɱһǽⶼѴƤˡ
ִɱֶΣƿֲһǣ˫ƾܣ
һɲѰǰδеΣǶúűǶԪѾˡ
֮̿ѡĴɱʱ̫׼ӱϮϥصѰȥӲ
䣡
ʱ羶ֱͼѰܣһɲıһͷ㣬ױڣݺݵ
ײ
űڶ֮ط
ȫ֮ڴ˿̶ȻŷͼѰһͷӰ֣סβצʯ͵Ƭ
Ϲ£һײ֮£
ʱطѰǧһһ͵ʩչ񱳺һͷײǽϡ
䣡
ֲײ𣬸Ӱ飬ȴѰޱȵıܿһˣѰˣͷ­һ˿ڣҪͷǣ
ѪҺʣ˿Ⱦ졣
Ѱʵ죬ͷ­Ҳұܿһɱ٣ȴѰ޵
ӲԹ˴˴̴Դ
ϣ
ӿգŭȥ
ֻʱһ̾Щź󣬷оͲһðӰ
䣡
ѰĻģ䣬Ĺˣȴλ꺣ããžĻе˵Ӱӣ
ѰɫĿ£ʼգ˶ûֱǳ裡
Ѱ˺£
Ķ䲻󣬵ϾǷڱϣܿ;ԾѣӰһͳѰߡ
Ѱͷ­ͲѪ϶ȻһĨŨɱ˴ɱ㣿
Ѱһ
ʱȻƳǷ硢˶׷ˡ
֪ѰڷܵɱЩ鱦ʥصĴ˽Զ¶ݣЩ⡣
ⱦǵĵ̣ƿţĸϢǱ
Ѱһǿ԰еķŭĿ⿪ʼźۼشȻһһɨ
ܹ̿ϢֱϣǱķУѰҲòɣǲЩ鱦ʥصĵҪԼ
ȻԾҲʶһ㣬ɨȻǣû뵽˾ݲߵһӣ
ʦãǺ⣿ѵ㻳֮˶СӶ֣Ƿ粻õԾѵĿһֱܲ
ѵΪǱ뱦Ծѷʡ
ǿ˵׼ǷɫĮ
ʦ㣬ԩʦˣղһ۵лܳȥɱˣ˵
ߣԾ˵׼һֵģ
ʱԩһί
Ƿһ䣬ʦãɾЩſڴƻˣɱСӣǿɲضزأ£
ˣҪִˣ¼ȻԵ׷Ļ֣֮ǰλɲҪ˶ɹԩˡ
Ȼˣº͵Ȼ
Եˣоִ̿ͣǶԣҲһ棬ܵġ
ͷ͡
գ²֮ԭڣѰĿǰֻһӣݱ΢ֵ̫ӡ
һҲΪûκκۼҲֻա

УѰСĴƣֻƤˣأһ뵽ղĴɱȴѰ޷
ⱦϣ˭ɱԼ
ѰȻǷ磬ΪҲֻ
ϾǷѾһ¶Լĵˡ
ԾȻҲ뵽һ㣬䣬ݽҧ϶Ƿ磡ļһֿ湻ݵģ

ȴѰȻҡͷ㶼ܲ³ҲȻҲܲµǷֲɵӣӦǴɱң϶ĳӡ
Ծһֻ˭ڱϣҲֻƳʦڽ϶һģƿɱ˵᲻
ѰԼɱĵεΣɱҵˣȷһſɲĽطȻұ¶϶ǲй¶Լݣ롭ӦҲƳ
Ǿ˭Ծü
˭ȻҪɱңȻΪ˴ĳĿģǿĳֶҲǲߣһֿܣǶӾˡ
һ̣Ѱ뿪ˣûȷ֮ǰⱦ˶ɡ
ˣҲϣԾһ
Ѱͷ䡣

̿;˭
û֪ǴϿʼϵȻ΢ͽ
Щ鱦ʥصĵ֮䣬ҲǸ˼
治㣿
УǷüʶ顣
εҵĻСûˣĿܻܳ
ǾȻƳеһˡǷ˼
˸Ƿ绳кγûлǷ磿
Ƕ֪ѰһѰرȻ˭뽫С
鷳ãǷ̾Ϣ
ҪҪȥ̽һȻƳʵ
Ƿҡͷãǿɲϵģ̽ҲûãǰҪģǽСӣֻҪסͲһϢضˡ
ʱͷһǴ̿ٴʱҲܵһʱʶݡ
˵ʱĿƳһǷ磬ȴޱ飬Ϳһ˿
λ꺣йžİģֲδ֪µպɱ١
Ȿ˾裬񱦴ϾֶһûĴ̿ͣõͷЩء
ֳصճʱڱơ
ΪʱʻƬŵĺǰľȻһ䡣
̿ϴԶޱߣɫĺӿŲˣһϢ
֮ǰˮţɭɭϢͻգԲͬˡ
ĿһĻ˶еһɡ
쵽ˡ
߳գĿԶɫһ˿ϲɫ
˾ҲΪ֮һ񣬿쵽Ǵ˵еġʥؾˣ
ʱѰڻ·ĺİɭɭԵùͲ顣
Ӧ뿪ˡڣڵ˰ɡ
Ѱૡ
쿴죡òһɣ
͵أͯ龪ָԶɫ
Ŀ⿴ȥͼԶĺϣһ貶ĿͷųʢĹ⣬ض
ԶԶȥͺһӺˮԾװβҡ֮ϣһ



550 洫˵
һ磬Ժ嵽֮⣬ͷųĹ⻪
ֱͬ񼣡
˶𺳣ȥ
ںԨ
ϴ³֣ɫڼ㾪Ȼڡ
ߣ
һӣ⣬˷ˣٳǱ߿
·ϣϵͳͣһ磬ʵһǴӺ״ԨͶ
ǴҪ̽ѰġʥؾͲǺ״ԨУ
һӣȫ
ӽλ꺣Ѿȥʱ䣬ֶգҪִĿĵأҲƽ㽡
¡¡
ȿһװĺؼ䣬ͼԶλãֳһڴԨ
֮Ԩ
ۿȥ˷ĺˮڣ¡¡ӿԨֲĺ
Ǿ쳣׳һڳеĴԨûʮˮɲ⣬ͨڣ𺳡
Ԩȣ¶·ԵСȥһɳԵòˡ
⡭⻹һڴԨҲ̫ˣ
Ծ۾ɴ
Ҳˣ𾪣ǻӲ˴ĺԨûذ㣡
͵𶯣һε˺ţݺݳǴԨȥ
򣡡
Ϸȣ⣬ʩչطӲסһε˺
ˣɲ⾪һ亹ǱұǺԨУ˵Ҳ٣
˶һ¶أʶǴԨֹģֲޱȡ
ϣʥؾĲ⺣Ԩ֮£
Ծ̲סʡ
ϵ˵ͷǲصģ˴ЯһرԽǰȻС
ԣŰһԼȥԨǼֱ͸ûʲô
ѰһֱԾߣĬʵҲ𾪲ѣ˭λ꺣һڡĺԨڣ
˭ǡʥؾ⺣Ԩ
ªţʲôԨһʶҲûУǡ桯Ϲʱڣÿһ֮ˮضԭʼĹ֮ڣ
ȻһЦѰС
ǽһһѾˣνѰӦúѰֻѰʲôʱˣ뿪
棿
Ѱɫ
ѵû˵ϹĴ棬ֱΪ桢֮桢컯֮֮棿ǱΪ֮صĴطϹʥͶ޷ء
Ѱһɫŵȷ̫ףŵġ
Ѱ壬һʱɪ˵Ϲʱ򣬹ܣֱɽֱޡߡԱὡ
ÿһɽɽɣͨǺ½ӾģΨʥܣⲽϣĦһ޵ߣ˵ϣ
ϧҲ֪Ϲŷʲôֻɽˣֻʣˡ
ЩϹŴ˵ѰƽѾ㹻ˣɽ
ֻʥߣܵɽ
Ե̫ˡ
ʥܰǿڳ·֮ϵĿֲڣȴֻӵеɽʸ񡭡
ϸ֪оʲô𣿡
Ѱֽ̣Ȼ֣һһļһֹʶͨ䣬֪Ϲߣѹեô
֪
һشĺܸɴ࣬ȷǣѾϹʱͬĳ־䣬Ǹͼ
ѰŶһˣһʥؾڹ֮ڣ̫Ѱˡ
ء
ʱȻһĺŽؼѰ͵ؾѣ̧ۿȥ
ˣ
һУҲ
ͼԶĺϣֳһͷǧɳľ޾Ưںϵһ½أΣ
Ǿ޾ϣӰŮһȲģᣬȴ쾳ڣ
Ŀģһλ׷ѩӰִͣһȣһ̨ϣһŮţݲ
Ѱɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ûʥؾѾһȺ˳˾޾
ȴЦԭǱεĵѣʿɲţ
졣
ʱ޾ϵĿⶼ׷׿
ʵǣ
׷ӣңңͫ׳֮ɫɳëȻ
û˿ƣѰǸһȥ񿴼һָؼıգ۾ʹ¶סһľ
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˸鱦ʥء΢Ц
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ѰҲɲ˭Ҳû뵽ƻᷢչһԽ࣬ɾԽգ
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551 ؾ֮
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ϼϣһȺӰͬҲ޵ߣŮ
ΨһӰںţϣһòϵ꣬һϮ£ͷڣտȻڸ
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ϳˣţϵ꣬ţХգһλǿġţħЩ꣬ڹŻдǿߣպգ
ϼһǿߵִ䲻˵ʲôȴɵԭ򶼳šţħƺŵţХϡ
λ꺣ЩԭסУţХҲһλ춯ذľ졣
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ǰҸһرǴɳ֮á
ԶϣһȺӰһŮһߣڡ
ǰǷжˣұ֤һͼûǺͱһɳȻʥؾйأ
һ࣬һЩؽɴ
ѰڴˣһϳŮ꣬ȻҦغɣ
һ˼⣬¶ģҲã
Ȼ̧ͷһӨ׵޹ǣһƬʥĹϼҦءɺ͸ЩߣһԶŻ
ˮһġʥ˹ǡԶﱻĿ׷׳߿
ǣĬƻȻ



552 ɫС
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ڴܾƬ߲Ծޱȣÿһ궼Ҫ߰˲ܺϱƤѣۡ
ϣǺҶԳ꣬ʴϢŨ
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ܿ죬Ǿע⵽Ѱʱ죬ٶԣҿٷɢ˴˷
Ϊʥؾ֮ǾǶ֣ѰٻԵʱ򣬱˴˳
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ѰʯﻹһЩѪʨǿߣԳűУһ⡣
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ҲʯЦһӣ;һ»ݡ
ףѹҿȻʯһѰġ鹭ϡ
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554 Ѫɫͭ
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αɹƬնʱһյյС̫ƵĵͷųʢԻ͵⣬׷ɣ꼸ٵҩ㣡
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һ͵طһҽУһ߸ߣצŭѵģСʲôû𣿡
ӴˣңѰЦ

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عⷵգ
Ѱ˵ʱһٶȽ٣ѹڽһǰҪһԣ
Žߵ⣬һɫã侫ʣ鴤ˣҲѪˡ
ãһ޿įޱȵģ૵ģ黫ƹļһһöѰ


564 Ƽ
գѰЦų⡣
ϸҲװˣӵʱӺ󣬽ͫӲӣüִһĨеĿаϢĻһ˿ļ
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ȻԺˣû֪ǡСӡʲôʱʱԼֻ
ʥؾУǿȿǣδʥŮжһֵ

νʥɱѪʨһǿߣѰջܴ
ֹ˱κ걻һΪҩĹ屦һȱʥ˵
ˣѩ֥»ݵʮϡҩ纱ͬǿ䡣
У󲿷ֶǴѪʨ塢ЩǿѹεսƷҲһСѰֲߢ
ЩһЩСҩʯһ
ѰԣеĴ󲿷Ʒֵ󣬵Ȼȥ׵۹ж۵һ۵ġ
һЩϡеĿʯģԳ䵱սװĲϣֵĸߣѰղ

Ѱʼչ
ڶУʶĬ洫ġĲżĲá
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ѾεĲУľǹˮ֮⾳У޾ࡣ

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һܾעĻƠʥӡ㡱ʥӡӡ鱦ʥشˡǷ硱ȵȡ
Щ죬ǽʥؾУսɱɱ˱׿ս졣
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Ͼ֪鱦ʥЩУۼսĻȻһˣͲѷɫǷ磡
ΨùһڴֵǣڽʥؾһʹʵǸꡱЩзû˹һ˿Ϣ
˲ɣСǲ̫࣬Ѿڰгˡ


565 ش ӭ֮

ѰӴһɲԭüĵһ̫һˮһͻһĨͷ׵Ĺ⣬ѰʶС
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ͬʱѰ޳ָһ㣬һˮӿ֣ڣϢ
Ѱһһˮ⿪ʼ仯ʱԲˮΣ׹䡣
ʱϸ꣬Ʈ
ʱֻһƬٲļ
ֱֻȵȾ󣬽ŵϣ֣ӯϢ

һˮȻ죬һѽˮڣλã
Ѱţɫžס
ãһˮһ䣬𽥹ճһֻȸ״ֻǵҪʱȴȻ飬ˮƮ
ˣѰȻϽ׶Σ۳ԣ޷ܻ
֮䣬ǧ
ÿһӡؼıԴУ߲˵Ѱ;
쾳֮ġ족ǶԴһֳƺ
ҲζţΨеִﶴ쾳ȥźͲ磬ֱġ޵֮·㣡
ȻѰһӣĿǰ̤㶴쾳ȴѾƿˮ֮İأ
ò˵һŽ漣ݹУѰٵӴڡ

ѰѾ˽֮Ĵ޾вͬСסⰵȵȡ
ǺִԸʶ޸ߵ֮֡
ΨʱŻݸԶԴƿصǳͬʩչͬܡ
Դ֪һϸı׼˵ϡ⡢׶Ρ
ϣƿĳִĳ׶Σִ˾磬ѾܹƿغʩչڴɺϢ
⣬ǵҵһ׶Σڵϣ߿ʼڤ̺⡣
֣һֵǷ켫Ľ׶Σִ˾磬Ѿʼȥ̽մıʣ
ϹʱڵĴһ϶֣ٵ֣֮Դ֮
ν־磬ָѾʼ׷ݴԴͷ塣
۵֣͵һĴԼĴӣԼԴʵ͸ֱѿٴνɱ
ĿǰѰˮ֮ƿأڳסϡ׶ΣѾܹʩչˮ֮ɺϢսУܲ츲صı仯

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Ĳܹƿˮ֮ϣһȭУԷʵɱ䣬ȫͬˡ
ȫתˮ֮Уֻǿܣ
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쾳ĽҪˣ
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ΪԲԲԲҲԲ
һּǰԲ;ȫͬȥֻ·𶯲ɣ
Ϊȷ̫ߣֻµΪԲʱͻῼȥ쾳ˡ
˭ֻѰ㣬Űǡ궼Բز麣ƿ˵ϵ
עһͬĵ;
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˫ָ񷣬ĺԨӿ
֪ʱƬɫͻȻ䰵ӿǦƵĹƣڴˣۻ㾲ѹֱֵ
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̣֮ӦкԭΪѰҵѰɱ
˵ĵˣԼѣ˻Բ١
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Ȼǰǣ黹һ鱦磬ʥŮҲӦѰһȱø
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֮ԼɱѰ֮Ǳ˴ǷУǾͲö֪ˡ
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ȻԶһ̸ŵľ裬߱˴˶һۣϢز
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ٺ٣湻ģѪʨǿɱһɶ湻ġ
Ѫʨοɶ˶ˣǵûʲôԵһɱƨЦˡ
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ѪģɲĻƻţѰߺΣֻԼ׹䡣
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УѰѾȥʱ
ڴʱУһǿҡҷɲʱʱ̶̿ڷɢ
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Ǳǿôŭŭһһĳһĥ̰ӡ֣͵ĵϣԽһɽ顣
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ǰλǿ߽ԴУɫֶȻǵز촷ۣȸ飬Ѫ졣
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ǸϹУҲ亱ɴ˾ͿƶϣһĵǺֲ֮ͱ̬ˡ
콾һɳܾţŽҫ棡
ȻѰԽҫۣЩԽкͼɵΪв˶ѰնɱĿѰ
ѣ鱦ʥصһλ˲ľܷ˵˵˭
λ꺣ȺеĿ䣬ϣɫ͸Ųơ
ţħġţħţХգ˿ҲĿͶȻҲЩѰݡ
ϸܵһɱԼһԵѹʶһЩɱģǡꡱŴƬ뿪
ֻǣҲüԴҲ벻꾿˭
Ϊ鱦ʥصЩУһƳ֮⣬û麣Ĵڡ
ѵЩеĳˣ
ȻһԺȻֳһףܿ죬뵽һˡ
ǸԾߵɡ
֮Ի뵽ҲΪڱʱҲ˵׻ǷߵӣǷҲǺġ
ңںԹļսУıҲرվһˣԹŷأԵúܲˡ
᲻
ЩȷϾǡꡱ̫ײУѰѡ⡰ꡱϵһ
ҲȷλҪˣ鱦ʥصĴˣɾԲñ۸ģ
գϸһ𰸣ԣ̬ȳ͸һǿơ
Ȼ޷⣬ͬҲ޿κΡ
ΪʥؾежڳҲ޷Уֻȴ
һ죬ʥؾڽۣһƬڣԼͬضסصġꡱ
ߣȥ׷ɱӣ
ʥؾУඥǿϣǸĴ֪ԼһЩѰɱŭԵҲ̽Ѱˣȥ׷ɱѰ
обʥӡľʥŮˮԳʥӵȵҫƥһ
Ҳ֪Ѱϴʥ컯һʥ˵õҲ˺󣬴˷Ҫô˻ᣬȡ컯
עҪһѪȷ磬һƻ۵ǿ棬Ƭʥؾˡ

Ҫȥ
һɫ汼ӿĻɽڣԾѳƮ裬һĨײɫ
һ࣬ȻϥԸ٣ȻףһĨ翵ƣĶţǷ
ֻǵ֪ԾѵľЩȻ˼ʦãѵΪֵ÷꣬Ǹ
ұȥһ
Ծɫᶨ
ʦ㣬ò˶ã⡮ϼɽеһʥԵͻˣ뿪ɺпܴ
һ࣬ƳӴ۾ѣ㣬ʺ⡣
Ѿ
˵գԾƮȻȥ
Ŀ뿪Ƴ°ͣǸݾһǰ򵥡
Ȼ΢΢һЦÿ˶ԼܣҲ֮С
Ȼʦ֣˵Ƿ硢͹λʦ֣Դӽʥؾֻ˵һЩйǷʦֵϢλʦ־ʧһûһϢ
ƳȻʵ
ǻѰٸԵĻԵɣŵ⡮ϼɽеĻԵʱǿ϶ǰ
Ȼ˵ţʼ٣ԵôݵȻκ飬Ӱ쵽ľ
ƳŶһûٶʡ
ǲԶȼɫĻɽڸͬдţħ壬壬Ơ塢һǿߡ
Щɶλ꺣ȺĴڣ
ЩȺǿ߽Իڴˣ֪ҪĻԵε֮
ȻǴ鱦ʥأȻҲҪ뵽һУֻǻõȴȥΪڻһԵʱ
ԤһԵ֣ƬɫĻɽעҲһս


573 
գѰһֱжȹһ·ϲ֪ܵ˶ٵΧССļսʮΡ
ΪصļΣŵּлѣȴˡ
ĺǣʱǰ׷ɱǿԽԽ࣬Ѱûʱͣ޸
ʮ죬ѰƣѪհ߲·ʱᵹ£һΣѾľ
Ǿҩ߶Ѳѵ䣬ȴڲϵбľ֪һ·ϵļսǺεա
ûˣһݣѰĵǣ˿ϣ̨ϵȴ᧿Σ
һ̫£ߵĹƾѰλ⣬κβʴĥ̨ҡ
һ죬ӹһ׷ɱѰɽһѨڣĬĬˣʱޣһ˿и
Щ죬һֱ˼⣬Լɽٶ쾳Ϊλ˹ѣȴʼ벻ףľҲһĨӰ
ǵˣ
ѰȥѯһȴõһޱȵĴ𰸡
ǱϲݰǵãϹʱڣֻнɰŻ˿µĽ
һȻҲΪ𺳣û뵽һﾹȻҲһ㾿ʲô
ˣ
ѰɫľȻˣԼġ̻ľյġСڤԪűȫǴͨؾлá
۶ġԴͨؾܲɷֵĹ
㣬˴ζɽ֮˹죬Լ֮ܵˣǷǡͨؾйأ
Ѱ޷ȷ
߶ԣµģ˺Ǵܵĵ˸ر֮Ҫ⣬ûϣ
һûпЦѰ˿̵Ĵ֮أҲû˼Ц
Թ񣬲֪жپ֮ΪܵˣӴһ겻Ȼˣֹڵ;ϣ޶
ûлĿ𡭡
ѰɫľȻãһ̾ٶ룬һ̣ǾԲġ
ֹ죬Ѱ׷ɱصԸӵĵزһ·ʱѪ
ΪǶ̨ҡԽԽˣʼðĴܵشǺ֪ж⡣
⹷յ졭Ѱ̾Ϣ
ֱһ̣ҲûԼ׷ɱУĥλڵ˵顣
߰ɡ
һ죬һսѰѾʼ񻯣ƣ·һ紵ȥ
Žһ뿪
Ӧûܼһʱ䣬һʲô⣬϶ҲۣܵԣھͿˡ
Ѱѡ
һվһ࣬ǰѪϵ꣬Щ⣬аȵϸһĨӡ
գֻŶһ˻֣㻹Щģˣһڣһ¡
˵ţŤͷߣܿʧ
ѰĿ뿪԰ѪɫĴǷһĨԳҡͷ

䣡
һսˮԳʥӺľʥŮһǿ׷
ѰƴУԡѪսһѡ
ֻһߺվǼֲסˣһƬ¡
¾ǴĿĵѺۣɫ԰з֮ɫ޹⡣
޷𣿡
ѰӿǿҵĲʣ׷ſˣ޾ηȥǷе˿˿ޱȡ
ƣ񼸺ľڶ찵ԭĵ̨ϣȾſɲĻҰ󣬿Ҫ
ֻһˣһһһһģ˽٣Դͷȥ̽Ѱ
գѰһҧľһȥ֪ʶһص֮ͨš
һ̣һ߿տǣȥ
䣡
ͻȻʱһɰϢӿ֣֮صıԴͷţɢ
ǲޱȵУڲȴһɰһɢõƿٵϡ
һУѰȻ
ͬһʶ뵽ͨؾУϤĳ
һֱƴֱչУľͷһصŻǣ·Ѿܾò
쾳磬ӵٶȽͨؾȥƴصĻᡣ
Ѱٶ˵أĹˣвͬĸпζ
һϤĻɬȻɨѰȫ
Ƭһ
ߣƴΪڵǷڿʼأ
Ѱҡͷ˿Ļ˼أ
ûκγɣѯʣҴֻһʣ֮͵ˣǷʹ˵йأ
ǵãϴδʱԷشԼһ⣬ȷԷ϶ڣӵͨǻۣ
ȻʱȴãȴӦؼһƬž
ѰЩĻʱ䲻˿鲨𣺡˹أΪ׼
һ仰ʯ쾪
Ѱ͵ؾһ񣺡ȻһĽԴͷ
ߣǷ񴳹أ
һѯʡ
Ѱһ˲ö룬أ
շ壬ͨء
һ£һƬ껯صĹϷŵƣѰӰ֡
ʶأѰϥأ۾
ͬʱһɺĵ쳹ɬĴаظֶ

֮һΪ׼רطţ
췥ٷڵ棬ʮ֣Ըⲿ;
ԭҵһοʼؿʼͨؾĵߣԤϵ˽֮һУʶŻв֣ƴعΪ飬һָʹС
ԣ
Ϊ׼һˣ˭ӵͨؾؿ飬ִһʱƵĽʶŻзĴڣ
췥ͨؾǺ٣
Ѱܿ͹˲˼⣬ڸУʼչڷְ
Ҳ֪˶ãѰ͵ٴ
ؽͨؾΪ񡯣´δʱյ֮
ʧѰʶ뿪ͨؾػڡ

֮ǰ׽٣Լһ·ϵѪ׷ɱٵͨؾѰٻ֮Ѱжһ
һʶؼصڵġ
޶ؾҲûѰĽգͬҲΪͨؾ֮·úȫͬ벻Ľգ
ûٶ룬ѰתʼȥԻⶴ̨ϵ֮
ĳξ룬ŷת֮ڣһεĻɬϢһ֡
˲ѣ쿪ʼ籡ϼ
Ҳ֪˶ãһҵս𣬺¡¡Ұ쳣ˣȫѰҲ



574 ƴ
սңƬ򳹵ײƽ
˭ɱ
ѰУȻڲϣûлָԭ֮ǰ̫ܵء
˿Ƥ
ټȫתȥһ˿ҲҷĹע
ˣѰʶĴǰδев޷ָܻʹѣ
Ѱ˿ȫͶ뵽С
һΣĺأԸӵĵز±ɣͲл·
ɾ;ƿݵʱ̣Դȴɢһɰһзת
˿̰תѰϼڣ磬صĹϼһһϵ̨һȫǣ
˿̣ѰǱھѣȫ渴գɺԵĺӴȵˮš
ǹѲƵ޸˿ڽֺϣʼȻôš
¡¡
ڶеĶǿʢˣۿԿһڱһΪһѰ߲ĵ̨ϡ
һͷܱʣµϢ΢ӵв˼
ⱻԶ뵽˵̨Уǫ̃õһֿǰʹ
ֱڶȡ֮컯
˭֮Ա붴֮ڣȥʹҵ̨
Ƿ֮֮бԴںϴ֮Умɱ䣡
ϣѰԭĶ죬˿ʣţϼ
һ̨ҲȹǰǰȴһɹӹϢڶ죬ĥѶ࣬棡
һУ̩
زһתǡƽһϵ
Ǿ֮·俰Ƶǿ;ļ尾ܺĥҲĿɲ
㾪ѰҲɵڽµ׷ɱĥУͦ˹
·׵۹УǰδУŽż϶Ҳأɣ
ѵģ֪ô׷ɱ㣬Ͳˡ
ϺȻϸһ͸ܻеѰʱϲȻˣ
һʶɢѰʱͿԼߣһϮ۵ĽһѪŴŭ
ϰ۰أСӣסˣ㿳˱ҪСӳˣ
һ£һһߵǵؿߵѰֹɧѣСӸò͸˰ɣô֪ˣͲˡ
ѰţȴӿůһȻƷզͳ彲һ㣬Ǻֵÿ϶
ͬʱѰһϸڸղŵսܵشôȻΪ˱Լ
С椵ǲһ˺һǿ߶Ծ治֪СʲôʺˣȻҵôƯС椡
һп
Ѱкݺһ𣬻ڰԼ
ʶɢ˲ע⵽ԶڱһޱȵĶս
ʥѪʨʥŮšԼʥӡħʥӡľʥŮȵһȻսУ
Ǵ˿̣ȴΧһˡ
ԣΧǱһǣ˭ҪԼߣͻᱻ˲һеȥ
ˡ
Ծѣ
ѾȾѪһƬ԰ף㷢ңӰģܵش
ɼˣڿͼ֣оǼᶨ;Ȼйһ˿ԥ
ѰһһԵĸжӿȫ
뵽Ծõ۹֮鱦ʥصĴˣȴΪ˱Լǲɱս
Ů˿湻ģΪѴ꣬Ҫ𣿡
ȣɭȻɱ¶ɫ価ǲͷ
һ˶ѣ޷סǣǸϽÿĪҪٸ翹Ҳ٣
ǿ߷вԾѵǿǵϣҲеЩѲ
ãԾѾҪֲסò˶ãעᱻɱ
һУԾѻţɫᶨоǾȻ
ѪģѰһ־ĵʹͺޣ޲ɱȥԾǰ
һ۹֮Ů۵ĵϵᣬݺε͸߹Ȼ˿̣ȴһƫִķӣһУϧһдۣҪֹһпѰĵˡ
ֳ棬ԵøĲҺ𺳡
û⣬Ϊһֵ꣬ø˴
ҲˣõԾѵΪЩԵɶЦɶ˻ƵģԵú޴
ⱲһŮ飬㲻Ҳֵˡһп
Ҳ𺳣޷ѰԾеĵλжҪ
Сӣеģ͸ϽɣһѫעҪ
һૡ
·˽һĻѰе͵һ˿ڲϣڽ
䣡
һǿĲ쫷ѰɢϯƬƬضһ𶯣ڲ
ֻǣѰϥǣӱպϣû˽һ
ܹһƬ貵ϼڶóʢͻͣٲ㣬ǿӿ
һɲ类Ѱȥ˹⻪ð
ʣѰһڽһϴӨӨӲӣҫۡ
ˣһˣȻĻ˵ˣ죡һһ
͵أһЦ
ڲԶŵһǿ߽Զɫһ䣬ʶЩ
Ծԭѿ֧ŲסȻ˿̣ѰϱȻһૣǶҼֵ塭
ɱɱŮˣ
СӾȻҪ𣬾Բóѣ죬ǿֶΣ
ЩǿߴУչǿ
ɲǼѣͽԾһشϱ˺һ˺ۣƤѪ죬˼ȸ
ɱ
ͬʱץסᣬǴꪣѰͷɱ
¡һը飬֪һֲǿһ
бڣóѣ
͵أһУܵشɴʱҲȻ𣬰Ѱסһ
ֻһ̣ͱɣУͷƶѣһϢ
С飬ο㻹ܻܣ
ɫᣬ˵ʱһ㲻Ӷꪣɱ£ɲĵϹ⻪
ң
ԶԾ䣬ŭµĴУһУͳ߳
Ѿһ
ͼһǴꪴ䣬Ѱͷ­

ϢٵĽһ˻ĿѣһѵȴҪɱ
˶ǣһѰͷ­֮ǰȴֹͣǣ޷¡
Ϊ֪ʱһֻ޳֣߬סһǴꪵķУ


575 ɨͬ
أ
һ죬ӰͬеǴꪣһɿֲɳȥ
Ӱģ㵹˳ʮɲͣס䲻˺ɫǴһĨɡ
˸𶯣޷ؼʱ̣Ѱƾƣǿһ
Ծԭѽŵ£һĻʱŵڷŻأϸһĨظЦ⡣
СӣɱЩɥޱȵ˵
һҲ໴УϢ٣˼أ˿ȴԵúܾ񣬺ܿܡ
ֻǣѰϥǣӨӨ⣬ûѺۣ˰̣
ڶУ罭ӿ貵籡һӵ̨ϴ貵ʥ⣬һԵûֺ嫣ͻͲࡣ
׻ָˣ˾⣬һĥ飬̨УΪ̺ʹ̨ϡ
ˣ״̬̤㶴۷壬ñǿ󣬳˫ųƾۣ
һ̣û˸ǰðΪѰʳϢ̫ǿƺѹƵƬеķ޶ڣڵض²ֹ
ৣ
Ѱɽ˺գƬжһƬã˾ġ
ֱһ̣ѰŸоԼ͹ȥȫһˣķȺۡ
ֲϢ糱ˮѰڣƬиַֹͣ˲ڣӶݶȥǽһ㡣
Ѱ˳Ȼӳγ䣬ƽͶ̣ͨһ˿̻Ŀɨȫһַ豹ĵϡ
ˡ
ԶԾڣһĨЦڲ԰͸ţѰ͵һ
û£ԾҲ֧ŲסѪе䡣
֮ǰսУһ˺ʥӼԿȫǹעһͬҪ㣬ܹѾǽҡ
վΪ̫أֱסˡ
ѰӰһͽԾѱڻУһ֣߾ͻᶪʧһ
Ծüһץˡ
һֱԵ㣬Ѱ۰Уȴ¶һ˿ζ
Ѱǲ԰׵ӣԭкܶ໰Ҫ˵գֻ˵һ䣺úϢʣµĽҰɡ
һ仰ʵƽ񲻾̸ȴԾסĪͣգֻһ
ԶһУջֹһɫļһûҲҵôƿɱСضˣ
·˽һѰŤͷ˵ϸ򣬶лˡ
һµҪǸȥɱЩ飡
ã
ѰͷӦĺʹ졣
ֻս֮ǰȽԾֱһˣʽһҪҪҲˣȴ߶Ȼܾ˵ҪۿЩһġ
УǽԹۣڹ۲ѰϢû׶֡
ʵϣղűһ̿ʼǾʶҪѰָ֮ǰɱѾǲˡ
ѰͷųϢҲǸеľѹ֣Ҳж
ֻǵһǹ飬ҪۿѰɱǣ̲סˡ
٣㻹浱ǾЦָΣҵǰվһ
ʥӿڣͫɭȻɱڡ
λɷϣӺܼ֣ҪǣҪȡϵ컯Ǳ˸֮ǰɱ
Ҳɫᣬԣһ֣ȫĨٹϷϵĻԵΣ
˻һòǿͬ⣬Ѱղչ¶Ϣ̫ǿʢʵΪɵǾٺòˡ
һ仰λԸʱɲղŶԸŮһʵˡ
䣬ѡ
ղڶԸԾʱǸΪսһȥɱѰȡ컯Ծɳ֮ɥʧ˲پʱ
һҪԸ»ָѰſɲϣٷƵ顣
ʥӼǿ߶ĬȻϿ顣
˵Ǿ·
ѰɫȻһУֱʱڷ
ȻʵϣϢɲǼһּ¿ֲ۷״̬һ鸴հ㣬𺳡
ذɫ䣬ɲϢŰ궼¶ѡ
ÿֲϢ
һʥɫء
Ժûѹһ
ɱ䡣
ɱ
һǿȳˣħʥӣɽ޴ͨɲħ
Уһ׹Ǿ޹¡һգԶѰͷȥ
ǵȫɽӣǬ̫񱩺͡
ѰΧһƬ貵ϣϼʣʥ嫣·Ѳ߮䡣
赭дһȭͶԷӲ
ˣ
Ѱһȭȴǰ׹Ǿ޹ҲħʥһƬȭ֣ܵɽѹݺݻɣ
ƣʱˣһȭѣħʥӣ޷Ѱ棡
찡ԶĽһɴ۾ɫܵ
ʲôһ֣
ŭϵһӶǴꪣХնɱȥ
ǿȻҵһʶǰĿֲͱ̬
ɵӡ
ȫˣ
ˣ
ֺϵ쳹ҰѪɫͭӵ֣︡ʥŮţȥɱѰ
ͣ
ʥӴȣһӲӵߣֳصĵƣһֽ̻ΰ
ɣһҲһֹϵرʥ

һƬ̵һϵսףľʥŮϣսӡصͼڣһֲãĺϢ
ȻսҲͬСɣ
ЩʥӼȫɲǼ䣬ƬزĲĩֽ٣쳣¡
һƬУѰڷɢһĳȻɣ̤󤲽һʥ߳
ʩչűȭ׾Ⱦ̳ȴ߱˼֮ݿգ˸رһз
޷ѹƣ
±һͬΧ±ྪرǣ޷ѹķɺ
¡¡
غѣʥӼǿ߳ε֮ˣ
磬ȿԾҲޱȣĿȻ󲨣

սУʥŭ𣬾ӲӵߣץסᳯѰݺȥ
һһͷӰѰ֣¡һֱӾͰѱʥײɳȥпѪ
ն
һ࣬Ӷꪣɱ¡
ѰҲһȭʥȭŷҲɣӰġ
ͬʱһͷӰѰ¸֣һ˦βžһݺݳħʥϣ߷һƺߣ粿ͷݣѪʡ
ɲǼ䣬λʥӱˣһλǱˣ
Ⱦֱ޿ƥУӳĵѰһλߣںɨͬһеС
ԶĽһͣĳ׷ڣ
Ѱָ֮עǿȴû뵽ǿȵز



576 ȫ
𵴣һƬݣعѣĿꡣ
ѰⲽգӰ⣬ڷһͷӰƣҰ
һˣȴսͬ޿ƥ֮ǡ
Уϼ籡һӵ̨뵣ɢֵĴʥ
ûܹ󣬴˿̵Ѱ̺֮£̤ĵ;Ǻε֮ǿᣡ
䣡
Ƭ̶ѣʥŮűˣһѪɫͭ໤ƾһԽش
ˣǽסѪɫء
ɱ
ȣ¸ǴڵƣѰսɱ糱ˮк
ֻǺܿ죬ҲŲסò˱ܣԭڣѰȭ̫ǿˣ赭д̻ʵȴصܣҲâ
ôôǿ
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һֹ̣ţһЩʥӺʥŮˣһ֣εǿ󣬿ȴ޷ѹѰԷƴѹҲеĺ
һ
ս쾳ѣ֮ǰ׷ɱУѾ㱻ɱʣһˡ
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ԶԶȥ˿̵ɽУȻֱһڰɽ
˽ԲĿݲѣһƣʵ̫Ķǡ
䣡
ѰӲָĳֱӽһɽ飬ǰ֮ҽ档
ɲǼ䣬죬Ծһɽȫ촷ۣ걬顣
ѹ׵һƺҪƿˣ
Щʥӽһҵ˷ɱȫٲһ˿
һʱ֮䣬ƬӰڣԲ֮أǻս
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˿һȫʩչɱﵣʱսַתѰΧѹƣսҵ˼¡
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Ļ֮ǰһиҲ͸ûˡ
ѣֻҪ㽻ϵ컯תߣٺΪУΣ
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Ѱɫƽ͵Ȼֻ˭Ҳ֪ѱɱ⡣
ڶ׽ʱͱΧɱڳʮ·ϣǱƵƵ׷ɱ˲֪ٵպΣüβɥ
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ԶһֹʵҲЩţսʱҺͿɲҲƽ
ϣ
ȻսеѰĶУɲǼ䣬һ䣬絶ɣžâ
ͬʱħʥӿѰı仯ɫ͵һ䣬ͷƤһ飬ʶؾͳһܿ
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ɲǼѣһһǳӵ׹䣬ҹ٣ǰ˷ҪĨһС
ʽ
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ħʥӷŭ˻𣬻ӶһӲӵߣǹעһ㣬һȫͷţ֮Ӳ
ɰһ춯صĺ֮ӰɲûҽС
ǽпһɫ䣬ҪԮʱѾ
ͼɲǼ䣬ħʥӻǧУѪɣӰƣһӲӵߣֻѱɱ
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ѰԸִУ׷ϡ
ֹ
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ѰâһԥʩչʽһִڿգȼգͷųֲĻٻ
Ƭر٣Ťһжȼ̫ɲֱҪء
һŭޱȵŭУǽԱһˣҪôǱܣҪôпѪܵˣˡ
һѣһʥӵΧͱƿ
ʲôзâ
ˣ
ִеѰԵ֮ǵ
Ψһźǣô˻ᣬȴħʥˣұסһ
ƾܵشʥؾУʱҲٻָ
⻹ô
һ̣һɫ࣬г˼ɵѰĿⶼˡ
ǵĶ־ڶҡħʥӵĲ״ǳʶѰĿɲʼɵ͵
ɱ
ѰٶɱûͣҲԷκλᣬкգһӣǳ籡
Ƭزڣҵսڼ
ֻǺ֮ǰͬǶʶѾͬѰʢ޿ƥУ޷ѹơ
ǣǵĶ־ѾҡϾͬһӪ˴Ǻɵ˭᲻һеƴ
䣡
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ϱۿǱɱǺ̫ˣ
ǿһ䣬ľʥŮսףε˫ȴɱѰնһۣĶӣ
ߣ
һ̣ţԼʥӾǲԼͬأսгԶӶݶȥޱȡ
ýʣµˮԳʥӶʱɵۣŭ۾ˣһȺС֮ӺǺֱϹ۾
ǣѰһȴûһӣ¡һͽԶС
ͬʱиֳ鹭һһϢգԶȥ
Ӽٵ춯鹭һǳɣò˼顣
Ƕ֮죬ˮԳʥӶסԺиֳһĪͷ
òᣬһԤϵᷢһĻʶǰ˾ɱ׼ɣ



577 սನ
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һױҲǹű;򵥣ȴܹܻþС
ǰӪȣһյʱڣҲԺ
ۣ
һ࣬ӿգѰӴ£˲䶴ıը飬Ѫɡ
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Ѱ벹һʱԷӵӰ١
ѰüŽĿ⿴˲ԶˮԳʥӡ
ɫ࣬гɵҧǷɱҵģһΣ
ȷˣղһʥһΧѰɱöжף仨ˮ
ֻʣһˣĻеѰԾ
Ѱڣ̽һиһҽʥؾ֮ѼһЩҩ䣬ֻҪһηŹңЩȫԸ㡣
Ѱҡͷ
ˮԳʥɫһջ̣㾿ҪʲôܷŹң
˵ˮԳһӵһΪĹϴУܽԻһС
ʱϸ֪ʱˣһԽͫضˮԳʥӣúֱë
УߴУҲ⴫
ˮԳʥӺԥܾˡ
ǾͰһ׹ǰܸÿ˰ɣ
ϸ۾䶾һѡ
ˮԳʥˣʥӼǰ
Ҫ˵ʹˣ
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ˮԳʥֶȻܾˡ
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ˮԳʥЦϸΨɵѰ
ɡ
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ѰԭѶɱģϸ˵ȴʱԹۡ
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һΣˮԳʥһԥջǴӦϵı

ѰüˮԳʥѾ뿪ˣȫ׷ϣ׷ϵġ
߰ɡ
ϸɫЩӣð˵ˮԳһ棬ʵϹ⨺һеһλᣬ˵ˮԳһ壬Ѻ⨺һûʲôϵǣûǱǡ
ѰһΪΣ
ϸԼԴü벻ˣֱ֮ңһӦǣһñմϹϵۺΪУΪѣעһ鷳

Ѱ˼
ϸʼˮԳʥѹεսƷһĿģƵġ
ѰӰһ뵽ĻþС
þУʥŮڴ߶Ѫɫͭӣȫȥͼƿþϧעͽ͵ġ
Ѱ֣ûκԥȫ֣ʼѹԷ
Ů˺ֹûкøУֱʹ޵˼£
ʥʱ˾Ϊһʥ˵ԹЩУкüβŮС
ԾѡϸܵشҲŮ˵һݣѰĿܲޣ
þУʥŮԹޱȵļУ˿־ŭһ˵Ļ̿֡
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ʼѰ˿顣
գʥŮűɱͷ­
ѰεǣԷеǷЮһŲƶȥҲס
ѰǣһѪɫͭӣҲ޷ѹȡӵԣʧв
Ī⣬Ѱ޿κΡ
ҺãʥŮŵ٣Яע޷Ųƴߵġ
ܿ죬ѰѳһָڱӲӣѻСɽĸҩģԳƵƷֵɹۻҡ
ѰпȻЩʥӼϵˮḻġ
գѰĿһȱϣӲӷ⣬͸࣬صʥϢ
Ȼһʥ˵
Ǵ˴ջ񣬵ԺлʥġСӡжһȱܿŵصˣ
ӻþ߳ʱѰͿϸڵϣüЦЦ춼ֵˡ
ȻˮԳʥµЩϸҲջķᡣ
㶼˵ôأ˼
Ѱ̲סʡ
ȴϸȻұʿͷɶϣѪﲻܶ
˵ţһشԭϵƷˣЩܲס
Ѱ㷭ۣղѹαʱҲûһŲסȴһ˰ģɼһж̰ƣΪ˱Ȼƶˡ
ִŶҵ̰ƾѰС
գѰϸҲֱӰһ뿪Ƭ
˴ξֱǾĶǣջáѰ»ָǺֱ롣
ȻջŵˣȴԾѡϸܵشòר޸ƣʱֻºѻָ
Щ쾭һУѰоһ˵ĺ⡣
Ÿնɹ׽٣ͱԸǿ׷ɱüβ䣬ȻָҲʱһˣ

ʱ˿̣һЩޱȺ۲𣬸Ⱥ½ҪɱѰȡ컯
ʥؾУڹ⣬һƬڣеĿ⣬һ׷ɱѰжС
ֱǸ׷ɱҪŲסȴɱӵɱ
϶Ųסˣ⣬⼸֮ɣûʥӶѸǰ߶ˣ
Ѱɹؾ׽ٶһ·ɱǿߣø߽Ըеľ͵ʶ˭ϣȥ
ǼֱһѣԺû赲Ĳ
ߣɰܾ⼸죬һȥɱ
ǿɱڣ׷ѰѰټһ·׷죬ҪӽƬˡ
һֻһɱξԲˣɱҺˣ
һ£ͫεǺʥӡ
Ǻǣϴһ֣ջˣò˵ȷǸ
ԱһɫսµЦú䣬ͬһλʥӼ塣
̸һ·׷Ѱӿ˲
˭֪˴;ƿݣһͷ޶Ҫɱʱ
ԶȺǿжǿѰѾǴᣬΪǣҪǵǣ˭ȶѰϵĻԵ
ʶ˭Ѹжûи
ֻû֪˿ֻԴеѰѱúͬ



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ããּ䣬ڱУΪƹأõɫɷޱȡ
С飬һ죬һԱѩܣ
ҧԹ˴Ѱһ̴ʱΪԼҪˣ
£ҲʹѰ
ţ
Ȼע⵽Զɽ䣬ӰûԲͬһԲͬȺ
ܿ죬ʶЩ׷ɱѰһǷһĨЦ
ûѣĸȥ
Щһ湻ģ֪Ѿ»ָұǿޱȣҲ֪θ롭
кȻһŤԹޣ嶼ǼһɱüȫûҲЩ쵰Ҳһͷˣ
׳գȥǱߣҸտС
͵أԶһȣȻǱʥӣڸһЩǿָ·
һ㶣׹һҲޱȣĶ񶾣ѰѾǿ󣬶Ҫˮ赶ɱˣ
һɱҺݰЦ
ǱУ׺ں󷽡
ûãַ˼ˣֱħʥӣľʥŮԼˮԳʥӡ
Ǹ̥Ѱ±ǿֲֻᣬҲǴԹۣЩǿȥ
ǺǣԽԽȤˡ
Цһ̣оһɱĿУ޲ѰȺǿȫˡ

ҪƬʱʱǿ߽ټȿֺƬطɶݶȥҪһѰѰ
սȥţȻڸ
ǿ߿ϲһЩսۼʼźţȥԼһˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭݹ꣬裬һſ貵ǺХ쳣ҡ
עҪˣ

ۼ⣬ѰӰʱ¶֮ɫΪζһ컯ܶһʥ˵
Уʮ׷ɱѰ;ƿݣϻвʱ
ңƬУдƬѪգЩǿΪѰʧѪ࣬ס
ΨɫŹָ֣֮࣬оܻЦЩѪģЩʥӼ
ܿ죬һȺǿѸٷֿƬѰһѡ
ʥӡʥЩҲѳҪǿƲһһ
Сӣλӣ
ʥӵЦˣĿǳ޼ɵһ˲̵ζ
ҲЦˣѰɵǣûˣ֪ջʱѾ١
һЩȺǿ߳ЦʹޣΪǰЩУѰɱǲˣΪܡ
ѰȷվûŲȾѪϢ޷ʲôߡ
ʱŲϸһЩǿߣȴ㣬ʲôʱ֡
Ѱ΢΢һʥӡľʥŮ˵ټ
ֻǣЩһԶ͵֮ҿǰ
ѵûԼ飿
ѰǷһĨײĹŹֻȣʱǵ˼
ѰҲпЩһ￴һģģû룬Ҳպ͸ڡ
ǶѾ׼ˡ
ѰţȴһƵᣬҲãʡһȥˡ
˽Էһѵ˰ɣ֪Ӵ˽٣;ĩ·֮£ɥĲ񣬷
ߣװǻƣٹҲã˴˵ʲôҲٸĿܣ
ʥЦ
ٺ٣һȤʱ򣬻װʲô⣿Ϊǲ֪Ѿ;ƿݣ
ǿҲЦĿоǳŪ
ԶǺݺݳ鴤ĿҲ¶һЩЩһɵ
ǶˣΪβ֣ѵһҲڵ˶ˣŻῪʼս
ѰһȻ
̬ʱЦˣһ֮ˣǣֱЦ֮
һȺǿ߰಻סǰȥֻڰ;ϣȴһȺǿ໥䱬ͻһɱѰȡϵ컯
ѣȷϵģܵýһ󵽰ɣ
Щǿɫ
гҪɱҲ嶯ֲŶԣ
ʥӲó
ɲǼ䣬սţ˫ţ˭Ҳ˭ҩζʮ㡣
УѰͬһûвķ⣬˭һУݱȾָ
ɫŹˣЩĿȥˣЩ굱֮ˣ
ѰͬЩȻĿһ˿
һĻǿ߿УʱһӺơ
ʲô
ôͳЦһ㶼ţԵ̫źͿˡ
С飬װ⣬Ȼ㣡
һǿߴȣ˵ʱ粽գһ޸Ѱɱȥ
ûģעĺԩġ
Ѱ̾һһӣϼһǿ߻ûüڰб飬Ѫ׹䡣
ʲô
ڳǿߴһСӲǶ;ƿݣΪλôǿƣ
ŵǿ֮ĩŲȥˣûϴα׷ɱʱı㱻飬ûʲôµġ
ʥѡ
û뵽㿴ˣ
Ѱһľ
ģôоһҲǹġ
ԶѰǾģֱ޲óǰſɶ飬̫ˣ
ٷϻϵ컯һʹ죡
ʥӴȡ
ʲôʹ첻ʹ죬ɱ˵
һȺǿѰ಻סʼˣԽԽ࣬ʱ鲻
ͬһʱ䣬ǿҲ˺󣬺ȻˣϼڣطƬǰֶȥ
ȻǾȰһ·
ڴʱѰЦݣȻһʢͻ͵ĹԣϢһӿֲ˼£𺳡
¶ëȻһΣʱıܷӦ
ô£˵Ѿ;ƿݣǿ߼С
䣡
ѰΧܲһƬ򳡣ͷɫĹΣʥȻ
ۣ
һ˲䣬ǿȫըķѣڿɲĵϹУѪ꣬ûͱ
־âʱȫÿһǿ߶ͷƤ飬ðֱš
ǵصطȫͷ׵ĹѤƥ
׷УѰⲽӰã̤һͷ󤣬һơ
ΪʲôǼ
˻£ëĿ־嵽˼£Ⱦȥ⣿
죬һ֣һﲻװ⣬һֱڰԻ·ǿŭĿѡ
ֱʱʶϵˣ
ȻѾˣѰʢգֱǰɲǼѣһѪȷ籩



579 ôˣ
ɲǼ䣬ƬҽвϣǿӦͱɱѪ٣Ⱦա
̫£
ҪһˣɱһеУ
ǵģ˭Ҳû뵽ѰǹŪ飬ҲװǻƣʼնûԼͼ
ЦһֱѰ֮⣬ûвѰչ¶ǾʱǶʱˣֶŭ
¡¡
Ѱ󿪴ϣȭʮƥ֮Ѫڷɣ޿ƥС
ʮǱЩһһ·β׷ɱǣüβ١
Ѱѳ׻ָս̤ͬеľۣ԰һеУȻ̡
ʼϮԴйĵĺ⡣
ɱ
ʥӳХһ齣һƬ󣬵ųѰǡ
ֻǣѰҲӰһͱܿһӰһչȥ׷ɱǿߡ
Ƭ̣ʮǿ߷ѪˮضȾ죬Ŀġ
ʥĿѣü
ƵƵεǣѰǽ棬̤󤲽Ȱ˸ȥɱʥЩˡ
ų򣡿ɸһս
ʥ
ѰͲС
ֱǽʣµĺǿ߲ֵضںʥߣѰתĿ꣬ȥɱڳǿߡ
˿̵Ѱȷ̫ǿˣһѾУȫݺܹâ
һʱ֮䣬ƬоǲҽŭźɺѪˮʬһ˾ĶǵѪȻ档
ս
ɱ
һһֱǸħԶҲľ
ֹľʥŮʥӡħʥӵȾһĺ׹ߡ
ԭţǷҪ˻ᣬѰٶ֡
ôĻԸҲûʲô̫ײˣ
ϣѵֻҶ֣
ʥ˫Ŀֱ𣬶̶ƬʱѣǺһǿ߱ɱβŭ
ץǣʼգѰһֱͲ潻棬Ѫ
ʱܵӣûа
ث֣ų˰棬ȱ֮ǿҲֻһӲķ
ʥ
ϧѰɲȫŹκεˣӰƮƬнɱ¾

գǿ߱ˣʶѰˣ;ƿݣǻָ۷ս
ټĿѰѪɱ¾һǿ߹㱻еһð־У˷ȥɢӡ
ΪǶˣˣ䣬ѰƸ赲ĻȥԿ
ˣ𣿡
ѰȻȴһɱ⣬óЩǿˡ
䣡
ѰΪģԱѤǺӣʢ˼£޾Ļɽײը
ǿֲԲǵأϯʮƬ򶼸ǡ
ۣ
һɲǼѣ֪жǿͱĥ𣬻һ̲Ѫ⣬ڲͬĵطѪɺӣȾء
ǲҿֲѪһĻԶϢûκγɣҲˡ
ͬʱ塢ħ塢ľľҲѡݱܷâԶԶȥ
ʱѰΪУǼֱǸѰûʲô
УһƬǽ壬ղһɱʮλǿߣֻʣɢɢʮǿߡ
ǣЩǿ߻ˣѪУʬѻ׹ɭɭ
⡭
ʥɫã粻Ҳ壬ǰѪȵһĻ̼ŭѹ
ҲǴʱʶ֮ǰѰ֮Բ潻棬η壬Ҫץһʱ䣬ȥɱЩǿߣ
ڣôˣ
ѰĺңңϬúʥӶһֱʹĸо
ҪⱣɱôǿߣܹʥؾл뿪Σ
ʥһȺЩɾŹ˫մѪȵĹ֣
Ժˣģҵʣôˣ
ѰɫƵᣬȴһѵƵģʥһӡ
㡭
ɫ࣬ż޵ݿҧ顣
ɣ㲻ҶԾѾûˣóʱ档
Ѱ˵ţ͸ǰ
ɳѰϵǣǺʥӾͷҲصˣ
һĳŲƱ˲ʧ
ѰҲĿһղŽлôףΪ˭룬ûأȴһ̾ˣ
ڳʣʮǿѱŵɲʥ˲ڵӴܶȥǶʱ;ˣоĵ֧һӺȻһ
Ѱû飬ȫߡ
ҲһۣͨŲȻԣǰǰǰټ
׷ɱôãҪչһϮ


Ӱ
쿪ʼѰ֮أӵû취赲ѰĲ̫ˡ
һħ㣬̤ʬɽѪУһ˶ѣȴ׷ɱøȺ۶жףɢ
Ҳǵùԭһ·׷ɱεȵĿܺ͵⡣
ȴû룬Ѱɱһǹʼ׷ɱǣ֮޳ʱֵ쾡¡
ǿܣ׷Ӵܣһһʬƽǰһ̬ǳߣȴɥ֮Ȯ̻̲ա
ѰԵú飬ݶ򶨣һ·Ϻƣ󤲽ӵױȵٶȣϵǿߣûһܻ
Ϣĺܿ죬ûʥؾ䶯ˣ֪һʱǿ߶ðħô˿£
ͬһ磬ȴֱͬ𣬺ɨ˷֣˸
޷սʤ̤۵;˳֣˭޷ѰĲ
߰ɣ׷ɱأ㲻֪ж𣿡
ǼһһħƥУ
ɳȥպ˭ƺ⣿ǵ̤ʥʱֻȫ¶Ҫɣ
ǿ߶ûѡ
һЩԵ߼ˣһĿɿڴ䵱֪Ѱһ·ϵѪսʱǾŤͷӣҶය
ʥؾ£ֻҪСһЩܱܿɰΣգ꣬Ǿ
ܣôǿ߳սһˣ
Ҳ˲ţܲа
ȴûȥʲôæأ˭˼ȥ磿벻ˣ
ڣɱƬȺɽʱѰֹˡ
Ϊδ֪ĪգҲ
ɲǣһƬɳĮĽ˫ߣǿɶʥؾеĿֲڣ
һΣǿʧأҲ֪ɱ˶١
ӳǿߣһֽٺңһɨֱһʣ̫Ӱ
ͬʱ⣬Ҳһ粨



580 ּɱ
ɽѪɼȱʬѪˮȾ棬ʱ̾ڸޣ̳ʬǡ
һս˶ǿߣ
޷ͳƣ
Ѱһ·񣬴ݿɱ¾ȴʣǿһӶ
ˣûɱǿߣ
̫ˣֱһħ˫ȾѪȣ޷սʤ
⣬׳۵ĺϣŭֻŵĽ
һʱ֮䣬Ⱥڹ渽ĸȺȫˣ㲻Լ۾
һ׽ٶ꣬һ·׷ɱҪȥôȴˣ
Ͼʲô飬һ˺Ⱥۣһ·ǿϮ
Щˣ
һλ͵طŭĿѣһѪʡ
ѪʨɷţѪʨʥؾǿߣԭѵͬȫûֻʣʥŮһ
˭룬˴ʥŮҲ٣ֻʣһ걻Ųƻʥ϶õ컯Ҳʧ䣬ɷβŭ
ɺޣС̫Ᵽ˭Բ뿪
һλ漶һѪʨûʲôҲɱüȫû
ֱ޲ɱʥؾȥɥ꣡
ɺޣʲôʱܹȳ裿һȫߣֱ޷ԭ£
У˷ŭأøľȻ
һײе꣬ǵûбɱֻһˣɨȺۣ޾Ѫȷ磡
Ϣһֱ񹲷ߣڳƽȻѡ
˭ţ
ս쾳˿£ǿᣬ˭ָȥţ
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Ϊڵ죬ڸ͵̳ϣÿʱÿ̶תŲƳһһ꣬ԶǱѰһɱĸ
ǵʥŮųʱȫ𶯣ΪζţѰսѾ߱ѹƺͻɱʥӼܣ
Ƭ򶼲ƽˣһڴñףҲһЩﾪɲƲ⣬һƬȫһѪȷ籩
Ӷؾ׽ٶѿبź˴£չϮɨȺֻۣ̤˴˵еĵ;
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ϹŴ˵еǿ֮·𣿲ܣ·췥֪жٸ콾·ϣһѣһ
ﲻš
Ǿ֮·վŸոս쾳Ҳ޷ӵǿսбȻйŹ֣
һЩϹŶ쳣
̫ײУӾ֮ϣһЩƶϾǿߣɱֱبĹ֪Ե̫
޵ʲô񹲷ߵĻ̥뽫Ĩ
ǵȺǿʧ̫أܴ裬ѪĿѰȥ
ΨиԵúܳĬʼղһ
˴νʥؾǿߣֻ鱦ʥصЩ˺һЩӡ
øϺȷֵŭԹġꡱ϶Լһ
кܻ⡰ꡱǸӣ
ֻǣȷţΪҲЩ£ս̫ײк죬ֱǲ˼顣
ϾɲǹŻʿֻ׵۹ѣһ½ƶ֮سɳꡣ
һ꣬ӵ츳͵̣ܻ̤һǿľ۵;
ܿ죬Ͼ޷ٶ룬ΪﶼŭìͷתƵϣ׷вѯʡꡱ
ǻɱرʾšꡱ뿪λ꺣
øͷ֮࣬оһֹԺС
Σ壬һȴܺȺǿߣһ˲飡
ŻУΪ֮Ȳʺͽ
ϾŻһƬĺ磬ǿУȴҲֻͨһЩֲȺȣкܴġ
ãʥؾһʱŻʧֻϣСӵ͵һЩٸ񹲷ˣ򡭡鱦ʥص壬ֻ¶סˡ
ૣɫĬȻдŸӡ

ʥؾ
ѰֹƬȾѪɽǰûټ׷ɱ
һΪ˿Ҳ̫һǶһļɵ
ʥؾ̫δ֪ա
϶ԣƬȾѪɽ԰ȫһЩ˵ˡ
գѰת³Ƭɽзء
սټָոջһ֮ǺһԴ͹Ϊ硣
ͬʱҲҪһȥ˼Լĵ;Ͼ˴νƾʹ̫࣬ü뾲̽ѰԼĵ;ˡ
ৣ
ǽһƬɽУѰӰ˸Ѱٰȫľ֮ء
ֻǣƬ֮ѰٿȻһ̮ɽǰפ㣬һԺ磬ٿȻգɨԶ
ڸղһɲܵһ޵ɱ⣬ɵϸ̽Ѱʱȴһ
Ѱü
ûж룬ǰУһͣһƬ峺ĺǰ죬ɫˮڡ
Ѱִ˵أӰһԾУʼϴϵѪգ֮ǰսУԡѪմȾ̫˵Ѫ

ڱĺУѰѵõɲ٣·ɱ¾ѪϢҲϴӵƽ顣
ûãӺ߳һ׸ɾֳһҰݣɲһͷڷԺ
һ̵һϮ°ɫ㣬γ䣬ȵĺǰɢһɳȻ飬Ϣ
ϸֻ˭Ҳ޷ǸһѪȷ籩ײһ
ûãѰӺ˶Ľ㣬ʼ
ܿˣɢ˵ζ
Ѱһ߰ͳŽ۵⣬һԶĺ˵⣬һҰƵġ
ֱĺɫ٣Ѱչһ
Ǵ̿뿪ˡ
Ѱ˼׼뿪ˡ
ৣ
ҲĸոͷУϢӳһĨâһֲ˼ٶȣٿȻӱѰͷ­
һĨ⣡
ͻȻէ֣ϢֿĲ˼飬ߣֻ¸ͲҲӦ
ΪһĨ⣬ʵڿǾޣ׼ɾֱӣµ˼£
ϢȴȫȥǣԵϢӰ䣬ѽ֡
ۣ
Ѱͷ­ֱӱ̴ɹǣӰĭƵģ˲ɢ
ȻֻһӰѣԭѰ̫죬һĨϮ֮ǰܶȥ
ã
͵أԶУһС
ҲͬʱѰˣһȭƬкݺȥ



581 ǧ
һȭձ
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ͼƬֽݺ飬ҿ񱩵Űˡ
ಣ
ֻǣ֮أһģӰӳ֮յرܿһ
ɼˣɱȭɨУӰһģա
ҲڴʱѰڿԷһȫںɫ·еĴ̿ͣӰ޳޷ģ
һɻɬϢܹڱһи֪Ͳ̽ԶԶȥͷ·ֻһӰģ
ϵ㣬ϴڱʱɱңϧܲɣʱʧˡ
Ѱɫƽоâ
ȷǵöԷϢϴνֻһߣͱԷɱһ̹ĵļ䣬Ѱǣ
˵˵ɣ㾿˭鱦ʥصĴУǷȻңҲûҪزصضԸҡ
Ѱ磬Է˵Ҫҽ£ԽҿĿ
˵ʱȳʢԣת£ֻҪԷ¶һ˿Ӷݵͼͻܵȫ
ϵʥ˵һ컯͵ıңҿԸһĴ𰸡
Ǻ˿ڣɬһΡ
Ѱʱˣӿâڱʱ֮ҪҶֻ֣¾Ϊеıɡ

Եú̹Ȼ޼ɵƺ±Ѱ֪ͼԵ޿֡
ʱ䣿ѰȻ
γҲˣ˷ʡ
ѰʱЦˣ͵̤ǰϵһӳһвʽɱȥ
ѰѾԪУǿ֮֡
ʽ䲻⡢ꡢһУͻ֮ܵ֡
ʽһʥ嫵ȻޣմȾͻһ־Ŀɲɱ
ڷʽܼ򵥣ǾǰԵͻȼͷųĻһּİԵɱ֮
˿ѰòʽԶҪ䲻ػɱԷԷ޷Ӷݡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬Ⱥ䣬ҹ٣Ĳ˼飬ǡһȻϮ
ȻǣǺ˵ӰȻɰǧ飬ɫ磬еĳѰе˷ȥ
ԶԶȥǵأǺ˵Ӱ龰֮
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ҲһЩܿһѰɱ
ܵǣһֺˣѳԶӶݶȥһӻޱȡ
ԭһˣȴǧٸ⻹ȥս
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ʲôط
Ѱһͷһμ˾޵طȥ޷ֱ澿һĺˡ
νټ١ûã˵Ī⣬
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ԭЩ޵ģ߱һս
Ѱ֮࣬ɢȫϸȥ֪ͱϣյóĽȴľ
ǷǱ𣬽Ϣ϶ԣ޷ϳ٣
´ʱڣ
ؼ䣬صźǼɬ·ǧٸ˷޷жԴ
Ѱü䷺һĨֱкȫɱŷ֣ЩȫǷı֮ززˡ
⾿ʲôطôغѰüͷ壬Щʡ
Ǻ˴ɱΣζȻֵǣԷһܹǧطɱǺѰ쵽
ܹһ۾Ϳ
һУҲѰ˾ӣʶ֮ͬҲع򲻿ɵˡ
ৣ
ܿ죬ѰĿƿһ࣬ǷһĨѰζĻȡ
λôãҲ˰ɣ
Ѱڡ
һͰѰɽŨŨİκϢ
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صǣǱԺڣѰϢԲ
ѰѲͬ쾳֮Ҳɱ䣬ѾʼСڤڶ硰±䡱֮ࡣ
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ҲˣӰʱȻؾͰǺǺ˵һġ
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һпǵͰɽУ߳һͯӣӲӵȦɰ
Ȼ鱦ʥصĴ飡
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˫ָ̬°һͫƳһ棬ɳڣǷ磡
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ѰЦЦҲ²£Ϊ˶ȡΪνʥ˵
ڱʱΪиڣѰ˼ɵѣڣûҪȥǡ
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£һԩģ
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⵹ڣҲ˵һ걻׷ɱʶ̾͸֧Ԯֻû룬㣬û뵽ǣȻɱǿɾ
Цڣһľ֪̾ôǿ϶㵱ӿ
ѰɲһﵱһСƨ
ԷСΪһСѪطŻͯУʵһǸ޵ţۼĻǻۣЩϺꡣ
ԭˣҿɾͶлλĺˡ
ѰƵᣬûйȥ𴩡
ϾҲԡ鱦ʥءŽʥؾټԾѵĹϵޱҪѰҲͶԷ˺
ˣ֪λϳղǺ˭
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ૣзһĨɫ
ʼգǷһֱûпڣĮ˿̿ѰӰʧ˵ղţԭ붯ֵġ



582 ̿͵
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ʱݣ˵̤һ·˵Уĵ;
֮һǰδеĴֱͽһ֮£۵;Ҳǲܵ顣
Ƿɫдһ˿أֻȴû뵽һ½Сʿȴܴ;ʵЩ˼顣
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ܹ̤ϴ·ɾԵ̫ºˡ
Ȼˣʦ֣ǷҪȡһļƻˣ
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һʦִô
ǷϳղŴɱĺˣҲ²ⲻǼһȻȻʦɣ
͵һɫ᲻Ҳпǹʦ֣֪ȻʦǡϼɽϣȺһʥԵ֣֮ӦáֻΪ˶Ըɣ
𣿺Ǻǣɲ᡾򻯵徭
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򻯵徭
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鱦ʥصƽԳ棬һ粨ƽϢȥ
ǲڣⲿѧ̫һ¶ע鷳Щһ¾ϢΪľǱȻϣΪһѧ˵Ŀźʹѡ
Ƿ˸Ĺ⣬ԭҲڻɣ޷ȷʶ˸ղǺʩչط֮ұ㳹ȷţǾǡ򻯵徭
ҲֻȾѧǧѰ˵Ī⣬˫
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ʦ֣Ǻʩչǡ򻯵徭Ҳƺ޷֤Ȼʦְɣ
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ʵ

ǷشĺֱӣȥȻһΪ˶ȡϵ컯϶Ҳܾ
ȻʦҲҪô죿
ûĺȻȥһԵ
ǺǣѰϿɲֹʥϵһ컯ȻǺȻܲһ˳Զʳɣ
ǷЦοǲӦҾͲݣ߾ʦã𾴺Ȼʦ֣ǸŴȥɱ֣
˻һƻ湻ݵģ


һɽѰһһڱϢ
Ƿ飬ǾȻƳеһˡ
ƳɱȻս£վ麣ΣҲԼһ쾳ΣҲϲӵǧľطˡ
ųֻʣȻ͹ôĸˣ
ѰϥǣԺأá
½δɱһԷӶݶȥѰҲ
ӡУȻһư翵ĴڣȻףһֵԶĸо
һλĺᣬš߹󡢽
Ծѵ˵𽾰£ʵһŴģİ
ôȻ͹𶼲ֹضĴ̫̿ͣԶˣ˰Ѵ̿ͺһ
ԽѰԽǲҵΪαװԼĶ֣ΣպͿµģ
˭ٴʱһΣ
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ԾڴһȻϣѰȴɲֹۡ
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ѰǸжΡ
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ΣӽԺǾԲԾٱ۸
ͬʱҲѰҲʹЩˣаԷݣǣ
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ѰϵһתȻҩС椵ҲӴ㲻һ˼Ϊ㣬ɲĲȡһЩж
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ҩеϰҩԿǺ֮⵹ʲôɺ޵ǣЩҩǡѰ϶У
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ȻҲܽԸȴ̫Ƿᣬʱ޿̲ռˣѹα
ȻҵԼϵҩˣѰЩ޷ˡ


583 ҩֱ
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ٿ¯УӨӨӲӡ磬ѩƽٵȵȱҩ籡ϼö¯Ⱦһ貵Ĺ⣬ҩŨʵʣҪ𻯷ĸо
Ѱݳ޵һҩõҩ޲ѾƷΨʥؾвѰٵõһԵͶ¯Уƣһ׳ˡ
Ȼ¯еҩͬƳıҩעҲһΪǷֱΪԾѡϸѰԼ׼ġ
ǰΪˣѰΪ˹Ϊ磬ƵıҩȻҲһ
ò˵ϸȷʵһҩмңԸҩ䣬Ųٶصõڴ䱦ҩʱȫޱȡ
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Сӣˣϲ͵ɫ񣿡
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ȷݳޣޱȵľˣЩ￴ֻҲ࣬ȱҩҲֻܸĳ޵Ĵṩó
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¯Уȴҩ⣬һЩģȭͷľԪƴǳ棬ͨ羫
һУõ¯еҩ֭ԺڣһƬɣתŨĻ
ѰУҩϳˢϴҩΪӣ⣬ʹ
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˼ģڵ̨ϵĶ챦ˣ
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Ѱ䲻챦⾿кãԤǣмһ죬ͿԿŵ̲ص
֮ѰĿǰӵеһУڶԵڲͬͬ
ʶ˿еĴ͹̣ҲΪ˾Ϥȫͬľ


һڰĺѰٿȻ۾¯ѸɺԣеҩոɾֻʣЩҩ
û뵽ι̾磬ҽҩһԲز
Ѱૣͨ覣ӨӲӣÿһ缡һϢĵϹ˵ʥͳ
̽ѰԵĺô˴ûнʥؾҲ˶ĥѵͬʱҲӵ˶ջ񡣡
ѰĲһ˿
֮ԻִѰٻԵԭ򣬻գıֻҪһżȻļһβĥѣͻ߲ȫͬɱ䣬úͬ
һֱϽб쳵Ƕ޷ӵ˸ıġ
Ѱ¯߳һ̵ܹܵԼǰǿˣΪױȹ̺ƿأһ˿ɬ
ĹˣԨĺתģһֱּҪû
һ̵ѰͶ㶼һֵϣһ޵еһ˭ľɣ
Щȥһ⣬һڣдӡ֤һԼʵ
⿴ʲôأ
͵أѰһƳϸ¯̽ͷͷԵسһ¯еԾѿȥ
žһ£Ѱһƾʹϸϣ߳ʹشеģôıɱ
ٸҿ㿾ˣѰɫơ
ϸɫһͣջϵԹİΣһʱ俴һƾûУô𣿡
㵱Ȼˣ󡣬û˵󡻹⣿ѰЦ
豾ǸΪһϣһѪƴףϸһϡ
аȥҸ֣û뵽㵹ˡѰĦȭƣԾԾԡ
ϸɫһ䣬òŷһ̾ˣдɲԸԴСһСƨƽϡ
꣡
ȻһЦӵһ¯ö˵ĺԾѴӴˡ
ʱѰĿ⿴˹ȥ
ֻһЩˣǶȣǡÿԾ¶һӨ׼壬桭컣ޣ



584 һƳ
¯УԾѼӨ࣬һͷ㷢ٴ䣬Ѱ¶һıźѩ޳ѩ׵Ķ쾱˸˵Ĺ
ֻһüıӰѣһ־ޱȵĸо
ԾѣһֱŮװ̬ɢ¶ľȻԵøг
ѰһɲŲƿĿ⣬ʵأԲһĨޡ
ޣñСӿÿˮˣҪǲҪֱ¹ޣ
Աߵϸץסᣬؽ
Ѱʱ߳ŭĿⶢϸ򣬵Сү˵ôѪˣ㣡
ϸ˸ۣмզأҴ޳ܵĿҪɱڣ
ʱ¯еԾҲκ죬дһ˿գҧҧӨĺ촽ĿһƳ˶Լæץʱ䣬¯Ҫ
ǣҲͬʱѰתͷɿؽԹɱ󡡭
û˵꣬ǣһӰˮܽأ¯߳˫޳֬ޱȵĶˣ֫ḻйӯӯһգ£ӵž˻ȵԲġ
㣡
͵أѰһ⣬羪ףһæŲĿ⡣
ͬʱֱղŲһƳľ󣬼ֱ̫Ķǣκһ˶ҪѪš
Ѱ˿ȴͷƤ飬кһɱԼޱȣò£϶Ծѡ
СӴͷˣ
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ԾѴ˿ҲЩ΢һұʿؾϸڣԺ󲻱ˡ
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ѰǺݺһ鴤صһϸֱӱһ߷˳ȥ
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ѰЦΪұ岻ݴǡ
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űףڵҽеϸѰ̲סЦ
ԾѼˣҲݸЦȻ
Ψϸ棬аģһҪɢԷ򳪸ıŮԺϸעҪһƬڰˣ

һչУԾѺϸƽԳϣҸԵĵн
ԾѣΪѹڶʮ֮ãԭĵ̣ѿȥ־磡
һĥѣһͻƽоȻֻһС磬ȴ̥ǰı仯
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Ѱ͵һ£ڽʥؾ֮ǰԾѾ˵Ļĺ־ǿ߶Կ
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ʲôûϹʱĺˣǲŽı̬еճʥ֮УΪʥˡ
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ϸôУǱʧǰ䣬ĵٴۣ֮֮ˣĻᱻһ޳ĺڵ۸
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ϣһǽھڹŻжѰٲټ
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󡻹⣿ѰЦ
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ѰһĨâս߰
ڵ죬һأ뿪ƬɽԾָ£һصϼɽȥ


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ʥؾ󣬷ֲɳĮɽȵȾһС㡣
Ѱһ·УС衣
ʮգδ֪ɱһЩ۵һ̾ͻữһɲ飬·
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ЩԼ£ǳΣգһ̤ǵأͿ֮ܵ֡
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ãҪԵˡ
ѰԾѽȻ
˵ʵǾԵȥҲΪʣܲ²ΣǰȥһʵҲ١

֮ǼǰУ⴦ؾأֺҩġＫ࣬綼Ǽıֵˡ
Ѱһ·ǰУ·;ϵҲߢٺö
ȻһЩޱȵʱǻرܿˣҿð
ֱҪӽһϼɽʱѰĴָУҩɶѣޱȣĶѻ⻹иֿʯ䣬ֵɹ
Ƭؾ̫պδ֪Ѱһֱȥ
һ·ϣԾѺϸҲնҲΪпƬؾֱһȻı⣬еĸأϧ̫ˣһŲɵ
ûãһɫľɽҰУ֮ΰΡ룬ֱ֮ϣͨɫڣϼ磬ϲ࣬嫡
ȷһɽ񼣣һۿȥ𺳣޷ڶˡ
̡ࡢų棡
ϸǣһԽͫȻʢӿ𺳵Ĺ󣬡ʥԲĻԵ
ȷܲ
ѰҲľϼɽһΡߵϢȻһɾη
߰ɣǱߵȺ򡣡
Ծѵȴ·ӰƮҷԶϼɽȥ˵ء
ֱʱѰ͵زУʱʱǿӰû飬Ŀ궼һ£Զϼɽȥ
һԵû˶ĹעɼԵʱϼɽעһ粨ɱҲעɱ⣡



586 Եǰ
Ծ˵طĳ䣡
Ȼǰ·Ծֹɫ΢䡣
ϼɽΪĵĸУӿһضʥĽ޷ݿնС
УӣӵмٵҲ޷ݿնУֻڵ汼ǰ
ϴԾѴӴ˵뿪ʱǸڵġ
޷ݿˡ
ѰҲע⵽һĻоɣ縲ǽƣѹߵķɶ
ܼ򵥣һԵͽһߵĿҲĻ
ϸƣ㽡
ɱ
ԶɱŨҵѪϢ
ȴϼɽɽŴеǿ߻ۣ飬ԶʵǣҪһʱɽۣǱ˿ɲĳͻͼս
ѪɺӣѪȡ
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ЩŸԶÿ·ͷļ̳򡣡
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ѰԭǲȥЩ˵ģϾǷ硢飬ȻƳֻ¶ԼһͻֻԾΪѡ
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ɱ
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죬ǸħҲˣ
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ѰŭˣħʥЩһϴαˣǷһǰðѰ޷̵ġ
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䣡
ӿգһ貵ǺӣգŴĿԣһ˶ѣȥӲһʥӼ
Ⱦ𸽽ǿƵƵĿеĳԾħֱ̫ײкţ浱һ˾ܶռȺۣ

λһɱȶߴϵ컯ǲ֪λ𣿾ΪʥϵĻԵ
ХѰǿԭ򣬹ʥĻԵϣĿνն֮
ȻЩʥӼﶼۺˣһгɱƬɽ𵴣Ű
⻹ϼɽһصĽأ޷𻵣磬һսĲܻһɽӣ
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ѰХϢɢӰһͷ󤣬ƿһʥӵǣƣɱȥ
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ѰһӣһƬڹ⼤ֹһˣһЩʥӼҲ
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츳ˣǼʶϹʱһֲʶС
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Ѱȣ̤󤲽ͻǰȶԷҪ౶
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һһͷ­գѪȪӿɱ
ܵǣһǷЮҪŲʧڳС
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587 ȫ
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ǷһȣҲˣ곹ױɣûٸĿܣ
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һӲӵߣͬʬҲѰߡ
ۼѰת˲ɱλʥӣԷϵıﶼѹΣõȫɫ䲻ѡ
̫ˣ
һħ񣬼ֱһëĶħֹɱˣҪᱦ

ûٸҵ飬ЩʥӼȫȻӴܣԭʱ֣עͬЭ
ĿͱʥȫõҲëһԱǹѡ˳ˡ
ߣôף
ѰԲޣɽ·׷ִУգ۹ѣħʥӶ룡
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ƬΪѰһˣֹͣɱȻǱѰղײеֶθˡ
ȷ˭뵽һʥڶȴת˲䣬ͱѰһɱܣ
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һУת̤ϵھɽ·ȻһƮȻȥ
ʼգ࣬˳Ⱦ˵ĳȻ
Ŀ뿪Ⱥ۲ԼͬسһԲ亹ħֱ̫̬ˣ
ܿ죬Ǿ͹˲Щɽ·ϳȥû˸ѡھ·
û취Ѱڣֱͬһħǣ˭ǰ᣿ӻŲ

СӻǸ
ɽ·ϣԾѺϸδȥһֱעųУѰһ㣬սƮȻأϸ̲סһֹ
ٷϻϽ߰ɡ
Ѱбϸһۣÿοһһĳ嶯Ҳ֪ʲôԵʡ
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ϣصϹʱʥԱߵϢ
ɱ
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һ·ϣ½ʮǿ߱лһʥӣϧǣıǷڣӹ³

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һԵǧСӵõ򣬺Щֻ¶Ҫꡭ
д
Ѿͷ֣ôÿζ񹲷ߣѵһɷǣ

ʥؾϼɽϡ
Ѱһ·ԡѪУܿͿɽλá
ﾹҲڱսһȺǿҪռƬںȻƳǷ硢顢˼ս
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Ծ΢΢һѰôģһзһĨɫӨĴҲǲײ΢΢һĨ˵뵶
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ǷһߣͫȼգӰΧҲȵĻ棬Űᡣ
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֮ɽƭ֣
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һǿߣһͷӲӵڿգ磬˲Ϣͳ˹ȥ
ȻȻһĻˣûü޾ĹûϢ֮䣬ͱٻһգʼգҽж
һλ޶˶˵ȥˣµǣǷûü
˻
ȫ˷ĵһǿ类ˮĵļͿʲ١
ʶһԵͬҲһɱ٣òСģ
Ҳڴʱ貹ʼ仯۳һƻõ
ֻڴСͣʥ嫵ϢŹ
ŭУһյƣֻڴСȴأɽӣ
ʥڴ˿ڣ



591  ֽ
һʢǬ
ʥһĻȫǿ߽𺳣ɫݣܵһĳ
񼣣ڴ˿䣬
ԼԼһɷ翣ţʥྻϢϴһۻࡣ
ͬʱһһһдʼãţ˺ȴ𽥱ú
ǧһоڵ쳹죬ꡣ
ǿֽסˣһ̫ʥ粻ӵУܶУһ컯
ƺһеȷϹʱķʥйءѰૡ
ƣʥ䣬쳹أһжԵʢͻͣ
СģһҪСģ
ϸ˿ؽˣƲʲôѣϹʱһʥУȺͺ¿ѲЩһӵйλݴʥľǼͺ
ֱ˵һȺƫִһǱ϶Ķһа취ҲḶʵ˭޷ı־
ʥˣѰҲϸľ֮һƺԷ޺гɼ
ţһԵǺͷһأǾԲô׻õģЩͺ¿ľԵҲͷ۵ġ
ϸй棬ᵱһԵֳͻˡ
ɽ룬ڴʥ͸ҡҷǬĹ
翣ƬһׯࡢʥķΧС
ɽ£Բɱһڸǿߣ˿Ա壬ֹͣжһһɱǣɫ両һĨ֮ɫ
ɽۣҲͬˣһڸǿ߽Ըо㱣һΰ񣬷·ҪȻһ
Сģ
ǷڵĶɶҲһֿµ֮һʴһӶˣ
ѵһԵĺͷйأȵͳϹʱʧȥ洫
ҲһЩɫ䣬׷״ȳԼߵǿߡ
Ȥ
ȻųȻƵϢ˳ȾȻҲδܵӰ죬෴ƺھڷڵ
ƳǷ硢ǣһҲɫһݣԪһܵӰ졣
ѰֱתСڤʶ貣µգ㷨֣˲ɢеĲ
ÿ£֪٣
ѰȻʶϸĻƺһԵʥׯ࣬ʵԤıա
ԾѺϸ򣬷Ҳڵ⣬ʱ

ʱƣһȻţʮƬ꣬ÿһƬ籡⣬ɫѤʥ࣬˵Ĺ׳ۡ
ͬʱʮ̳ϣӿһŻգʥϢ
Ż⣬ǺһֱͨͨһŵʮƬϣ
ԶԶȥ̳һţΪţŵͷֱ֮ͨġ
̳ΪţΪ֮ͨأѵһԵͲڣ
ǿƲ⣬Ŀ˸
Ҳڴʱһްĺ쳹ؼ䡪
һɳǧ磬һֻͬһ˲컯ֻԵˣ
һʣɬ෴ö䵱һ䡮컯ֻԵˡʱȫ䶯ˡ
һǿߺ٣ĿȣĦȭƣ
Եˣ
֪ʱؼʥţ٣Ψʮϵļ̳
̳֮ϣŻһͨŻһ֮䣬ǡһͨԵ֮صĵ;
ֻڴСɴ˿̣һеļ󶼱棬һԵͲ֮ڣǿ߶Ȼ
˿Ѿ룬Ѿǿ֣߳
䣡
ɽԶһƬһ۾ޱȵӰ֣ڹ⣬ֲĿ
ͫ罣â뷢ꪣһɸİ̬һϼ̳ŻС
Сţħţ죡
λԴţħʥӣһλӵг츳սĶ콾ڴ˿̵һչж
ԽʥؾǽֻѰһ˶ɧͬĵطҲоսɱ
ţһһ·ɱλڶʳ᲻֪ٻԵеǿߣϰ֮
ৣ
ţͬʱһУһڲȻеٻӰҲվ˼̳
ӰңӲӹƮƻã˿ݡ
˶һʱϳǽʥŮ䣡
һˣս֧ȺʥӼһٴܶԷΪҲǾ޾ףڸһ
ţ䣬˿һЩԳƠʥӿ㣬ʥӵȵȡ
Щʥؾϣɱ˱׿ս죬һâɣһʥӿɱȡ
˿̣ǼǲԼͬչжȻҪڵһʱȥһԵ
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ȻҲǷǽԽϡ
ֻǣѰҪչжȴϸסԵֻԵˣǵñղ˵𣿷ͺ¿Եһչжģþܻôˡ
Ѱһ˵ٵȵȣ
ʶƴģʮ̳ϣɶģȽһһ֮жҲ١
ϸͷԵش͸ſܣԤУ̳֣Բ򵥣ҪҪһԣ
⡭
ѰҲĶЩԥ
ôߣ
̳ϣǷüѯʡ
ȥЩΣգٵȵȡ
Ѱڸһ͡
ˣҲе£
Ƿ紽Ƿм
ˣһ
ȻףѰһۣûٶ˵ʲôȳ̳Żȥ
ǿҪץʱ䣬Ϊж̫Եʱʱûкҩ
Ƿһ䣬һ𣬸Ȼȥ
ʲô
Ծ̲סѯʡ
ѰһͣԾѶʱȻһ˼⣬һĨȻҲѡ
˿̵ɽϣﶼչж̤̳֮ϵŻ磬ʥ֮سȥ
ֻǣ̤ϣһжˣǶתƣ±ǨǵСյһʱѱһƵģӰ
ɽ۵һЩǿ߲
ɽӣǴ˵еܻͨʱ֮һҶһܳһ磬һжòͬ
˾
Ⲣûоˣȿֺ󣬳ŻС
˿ףеֻڴСʵһжѱȫͬɽӣһƬ嫵ĻԵ֮أ
֮ǰȥǿӰ֮ԻСˣĿռ䣬һı仯
ֶΣֻҲֻʥӵС
ֱɽʮ̳֮ؿյûӰʱѼ͵ϸ¶һЦݣѰԾһչ̽Ѱĵж


592 ֮
ѰԾѡϸչжʱ򣬾ϼɽԶУͻȻӿһɿֲϢ
һͷƽɣȻ纣Ŀֲ⣬һߣһĽͫңԶɽ
죡ǡϹʱĴ񣿡
ɽ£ǿ߾
䣡
һ̣һ޿ƥеĿֲϯ˲佫ʮλǿ߹Юߣ˸С
꣡꣡
ؾ׽ţѪĮȻڳԿθСƵģ赭дһǿΪʳ
龰̫𺳣ǿðֵļУϼɽȥ

Ȼ񷱻ӰڱΣһɽ޴ͷ֣ѪɫͫһԺ³Ѫɫٲ
˲ѣʮλǿ߱߿ڣ
ֻǣǾҪϼɽʱȴһʥ赲ѹȣõҲȻһһ˻˲ѡ
˫ߣ
ѵĳɽ룬ɫƬؼ䣬ԸϢֲޱȡ
⾿ʲôôϢ߻ֲ
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ĮȻԶգɫ䡣
ֻǵĿ⿴ԶϼɽʱһĨ˵ļɵԼһ˿޷εĿ
һ࣬˫߰ףɺͷͬҲڽعעϼɽϵĶ
ԭӦ޵Уɴ˿ȴƷԹˮˮĿ궢ϼɽϡ
ûãһֻȰСĺƾո֣ͷ׶ʣɫΡ
һִֻƳ˽˫һۣѡһ򣬳ĬԶϼɽ
ۼϢߡ
ಣ
һէ֣һ֣һͷƤë˳⻬ͬƵģޱȡ
գͫɣǻ۰㣬ĿͷֲһһɨҲֹԶϼɽ
ͷܾʥؾͬеĿֲڣڴ˿̲ԼͬĿ⿴ϼɽƺڵȴʲô
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ֵҵǣϼɽſɲĽƣʥϢڣǿޱȣԽǵܵ˼ѹƣ޷ȥ
ȻĻԸǿ߶ԣһѡ
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Եúܿ񱩣һ֣ͳϼɽ̹Ȼڣƿֲס
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һĻý˫ߡһ
ܿ죬ɫͻָĮȻƽ
Ϊһͷ򼻹ûпϼɽͱһʥϢѹϣݣļУ㱻飡
ÿ죬ȫܣŶһ٣ֻٿϼɽʱĿѾǼɵ;£һĨʡ
գ̣ȺԶĬĬע

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Ϣȫ䶯Ծܣ־
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ͨǵȫһɫޱȣʶء
Щֲ飬ԽΪһϼɽеĻԵ޷Уغ⣬ҲζţһӵܶûԵҪ뿪ʱͻܵǵĻɱ
джϣ޵ҧгݡ
ôֲһۣһԵԲ򵥣ɺ޵ǣֻܵȺ⣬޷Ԯ
Ҳдʹļףࡣ
˭뵽Եû֣һȺֲ죿
鲻򵥻أЩֲȻ޷ϼɽͱĻᡣ
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͵أһװĴȴǴţħġţħţХգɱڣʮ㡣
Ҳֻˣվ磬޷УٷŭҲֻܸɵۣϣкýǧҪʲôӡ

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ƭ֣֣ѵģôһûõԣЩͺ¿ôϹ
ϸƿڴԵЩܻ
ѰԾѣһ̽Ѱļ̳ΪûжڣõǺܿ̽Ѱ˾̳
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һ޷֣οɾʧˣǵʧ˵һʱȡԵʱһ˷˴ʱ䣡
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һֱڶǡ
ԾЩڣָϼɽԶ̾Žһڿֲ顣
֮ǰǾѷ𾪣ʶЩȻҲǱһԵ
жϳ޷ɽʱѰҲˡ
ǣһȺûõķɽֻܸɵӣĽǡ
ϸԵúţ󿪿ڣ˵һȺѰ޲һƳϡ
Щ߶˵Ƿﶼ磿
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ϸ򽫼̳һдķѰԾѽһ˹ؼڡ
֮أ
ԭνķ֮ɽб֮أصǡ֮ء



593 
ôоԽԽˡϸǡ
ѰԾҲд˸С
ûнʥؾ֮ǰǱΪһλϹʥĴС
յ̽Ѱַ֣֮ʥؾӦһƬʥ֮أһλʥߴһʥˣһ𿪱ٳ
ĿΪ˸ǸԵĺ컯ϣЩʱԳڴ֮·ϵµĴ档
ֱִϼɽһ̽Ѱַ֣֮˵ƺϹŷʥйأ
˾ɵǣʮ̳ϣСɽƭ֡бǡȵĪۣͷ
طҲ̫غδ֪ˣ֮ǰĹڼ򵥡Ծ̾
ʥؾʥءͷʥйصϼɽһеȷԵ÷˼šѰͬС
ȷƬؾȻʥɣ
ϸ˼ãжϣϼɽֻһʥĴ֮أʥ˾Ϲʱһλ޴ܣ
νʥ˭Ѱʡ
ֻԶﴫ˵λʥԭҲһλޣϸƶϡ
Ѱһһλеʥ͵Ϊӱϸһ룬Ҳ
ԣʮ̳ϣĴľԲһ˵ֱʡԾѺȻڣָһ֮
ܼ򵥣Ӧ֪ʥؾϹʱѾȥ£УȻྪž֮̽Ѱ
ϸ˼𽥱ͫӲӡ
ǣ˵ǰҲǿǰΪǻڼ̳ЩĪĻԾʵ
ʱѰȻһУһ뷨ǿһϼɽһԵ
ǰУЩǰ˵صǿߣѴɽˡɽͼѰٵνġ֮ء
ԣ
ϸ͵ͱ뷨һνϼɽǰʱ򣬻ǱЩʥɽΪ֮ءͲУգȴһΪһƭ֣Ϊνķɽ֮أͲڣ
ⷬһѰԾЩˣǣϸʱȴв©
˵﾿ǷǷɽ̳ϵĴ˵һֻƭ֣Ծ̲סʡ
̳ԣǴģϹʱģΨзʥ˲գ˵Уʥ˶ǰɽ̽Ѱ
ѰҲˣĿ⿴ϸ򣬡ˣϼɽصĻԵ˭ָȷľͺĳλϹŵķʥйأ
ϸһ㶣˿Ծѣֿ˿ѰЩ߳ŭȡԵģɲ̽ϹʱµһЩƨµġʲôɽֱҪȥں
ҲѰԾѽԺɡ
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ңԶģ֮籡һ磬繰ţͨһŻ
һĻѰԾѺϸнһ𣬹ȻǴӼ̳ҵĳְغʹ𰸣
϶ǸղǾ仰̺ĳֽƣõһ˳
ϸ緢üЦʮʮţ̳֮Ŀǡ֮ӦǲֵġһҲǸˣŻǡȥһ
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ߣʱǴչ֣һԵͳͳˣ
ϸ˵ţһԾ̤һŻУѰȥֹ
ˣҲϽжɡ
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Ѱʼ磺Ҳֻˡ
˵ҲչжһصŻ̤һ磬ڶת֮䡣
˲ϢѣӰСʧС
Ҳʧ֮һŻͬҲ֮ʧ·ղŵһиͲ


ɽһƬʥϼεһʢɽ룬תǬ
ʮ̳ϣŻڣʮ֮ͨϡ
һǿ߿ԽŻʧĻԵ֮غ½ǿ̤ɽۣŻС
ЩǿԭɽɱȴΪһڿֲĳ֣ŵǲֻӴܣǰɽ۱ѡ
û룬ǰԵ֮صŻԴڣ붼룬Ҳų˽ȥ
ѾʧȥȻɳԲ⣬̵һЩˮȰɣ
ǱͷҲչж

ֱһһŮһȺǿߣѰԭ뿪ʱһ̳ǰ
ŮòֳһĹϾᣬĿⶢǼ̳ϵĴĽжԱȡ
Щźڴ
ѰһϳһŮȻҦغɣ
ȷҸµͼûг
ûãҦɫһ
ô˵ԼһͼǴӴ˵ȥģ
Ҳ˷
ǵȻҸ׻Եɺ֮£ǰ棬ûнʥؾһһͼŽײ˴컯ȫǣðŸ̽Ѱ
ҦЩпҲЩ˸УϧѾѣҦҲһ
أģǻеĴ컯ͷص۹ΪǱ𣡡
æа˵ǵģѰѪ飬һ죬ұд˶ˣǵѪҦˣ
Ҧһһٶ룬ԱеͼʼһһȥǼ̳ϵġ
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Щǿ߽ˮһҦܹ֮ʥؾҲˮһһλ
Щǿߵ̬ȣȴͷУӰǲضûС
ɸ磬жȽ˻Ե֮أ컯ٽɱЩһйޣ
ҦشҲź⡣
ɵ˵ͷûٳɣǸֶŻС


594 ʥ ԵԵ
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ӰѾ£˵;㲻һ־ŵζ
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˲ѣһ״ʣѰԾѽ£ѡ
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ѰԾȻʥʬ̫ǿˣȥ£Ҳޱȣͬһѹһַ
ģԾȻģʥ֮£Ǵ򣬳ӵͬ򣬸ʹ
ϸӵľɥͲʣǻ˿ƶɵĵ°ȴ޷ߡ
ѰԾ
ϸҲ̫̰ˣղſǲ㶪Сȴһ㶼ںڰ޷Ǽֱһ⡣
ϸѵ
ȻѰĿⶢϸУڵһμϸʱѰͼ⵶
ڹžɣһȾѪĲһȾѪĲо֮档
ȴܵסʥʬϢԵڲͬˡ
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ӹɣʨҲϹʱһλ̤ʥĿֲ飡
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˭룬Ե֮أһʥʬԵ̫պĪ⡣
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Ψһҵǣֱ˿̣δʲôա
Ȼһ·ûϸеһصһ߾ߵʥʬ;Ǵ粽У
ΪЩʬϢ̫ǿֲ£˶ɿȥɱһС
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ԵȴԵڴˣʱͽκΣ


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ȻͬҲ䣬Բڴˡ
ǰһּ͸һɲΡζ˶ݡ
һ뷨
ϸȻڣĿⶢŲԶյʯţϹʱʥǰ̽ѰԵҺһҲִһʯǰϧȴΪʱ޷ʯţõڴˡ
ʥ˺ųͬ٣ȴ㲻Ǳڴˣû˭ȥϣȴȥһȵſϧʱͽκΡ
˵ϸҲԵԵģǵȴҲȲ
оʲôһʥڴ˵صȺһֱȵԪݽ߶ҲԸȥ
Ծӯӯǽյʯš
ʥ˾
ε߿ֲĴڡ
ȴΪһʯźһԵһڿȴжȥ̵飬Īڴˡ
һԵǺεأΪλһʥִţڴ˵ȺţҲԸȥ
ǵȷģڴ˵صȴãҲһֿܣǾǣѾû·ֻڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
Ѱ˵ʱһƬڰʱ·类Ĩȥʧ
ԾһȻǡ
˵ˣϢϥأʬģ
ϸȻɿѡ
˵ʱһƨǰɮߣеϵϢһݼŲܵģ
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ٰʬҲһΣɣǰһյʯţܵĵطûУҲֻܱˡ
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ѰнЩɣҲЩغ;裬ս׼
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Ϊ׵һһŮòӢɫЩţŮֳһľᡣ
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Щˮһǿ߻ֻͣǸһʥؾɥ޷ѪȲпޱȵϼɽС
ôʥ˶ˣأǡòҲ
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ΪǱʶ֪õҦǣֱӾͱͷʯûע⵽˵صĲͬ
ԵȴԵڴˣʱͽκΣ
˾ǣҦеؾᣬһһֶԱţϳ˰ɮµһдġ
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ҿҪġ
ѰбϸһۣһȥȫϢϢ߽ʯš
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߽һ۵УӲɣѾܶѾûѻһҡ
󣬷ʮأÿһͨоŲ̨
˻ֺĴϣ˻֮䣬ִһܾ֮أһĵׯΧ
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ѰԾͷƤ飬ϸԣǵϺһҳ񲻵һһڴ˵ǿߵĹǻң
Ҫ
ԶҦɫأ档
ⲽǰԱеһؾᣬϸǵϵһš
ǶԴ
ȻҦһһһ٣ǧ򻯲ڣǆˣ
ˣ
һ仰һԿƵģ˲ڴ˵صĽƣͼȻһĨ⣬ɲǼ䣬



596 컯
һʶѣȴӵĳصǴͷŲ仯ͷųһĨ⣡
ǵʥ࣬һɨ
ҰУԭյĴ类ҿһɴ¶ݡ
ǽϣһЩϵĿͼ类֮丫̹˲ɣС
ЩͼأͼϹɽӣ¹ױߣ಻顣
ʮĹڣÿһǽϣԸصͼ޾¹ȥɢһɿֲĴϢ
ڴͷŷ⣬ȻΪһƬϼ۳һߵ̨
̨ӨӨӲӣҡҷһ顢ͭľ㡢з飬Ŀʣ貵ԡ
Ǵ˵֮컯
죬ö౦һǷˣ
Ϲʱµʥصľ飬ı
Ҧءǻǣٴأ۾죬ɫ価ǳȿ֮ɫ
˵ˣֻ¾ǹĴˣֻҲ𾪷£ϲ
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ǿѡһʣµľȫˣ
Ȼһˮǿ俪ڣ˲ý
ܣûҺأĿҵ˵ػԵ
ɫһ㱻衣
ǺòѰٵһ컯ȴֻܵõһ˭ֻ¶Ӧˡ
̫ˡ
ҦɫҲѿԼѰٵԵñ˫һһ룬ѵǻԼ
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󵨣
СӣҲ˲Ᵽ
Щˮǿߴŭϸģ̫Ͱ裬Ƕ޷ԼñӲˡ
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ˮǿ߳ϸΧɱڣһ֣ȫ
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۵һ˲ѣһˮǿܣͱâǣʬ׷룬е
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ЩˮǿܹʥؾлڣҲˣϧѰһ޷ó
Ƭ̣ЩǰҪԸϸˮǿߣͱɱѪС
һĻԶɡҦغʣһˮǿ߽ĺɫ䡣
̫ǿˣͲѴ֮ɱͬ飬ѪһĻĿģͷƤ顣
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͵أɴгһţӲ͹޷ôѰˡ
ֱ̫ˣ
ô
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˵ˣ֮ǰɺҦصʱѰҲһû뵽ĸо
νۺ죬ȷѰݣɺҦе³ɺӿɫޱȣѰ޲ý̻Ƶġ
λþòˡ
ȴѰ΢΢һЦ˸к
ȷܾòˡ
ɺҦؽԺ޵ݶҧ顣
ɴӵ֪Ѱɱһ̿ʼͱˣΨһ֧š
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ǣ֪ҦҶΪڶԸѰʱɱһգɸǾ˼¡
κҦһǰʥؾ̽ѰԵҲҪǿԺȥѰ
˭룬ѰٵһԵʱѰ˾Ȼǰ
ǣԷһƵģһкʺ˺޵öƲסԼ
СӣкҲˣʱһ·˰ɣ
ϸ𼱻ǵؿڣһԽͫضߵ̨ϵһڱɫ価ǴѣЩȲˡ
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Ѱͷ
ɱ
ЩˮǿҲʶأ֪ɱѰϸ򣬴˴α˵ЩԵǱѡ
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ɲǿһӲӵľգԾֲԣĵˡ
ͬʱԾ޳ԼӰҲ֣֮òƮҷͷתԣ˾
а֣
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컯ǰֿɵãƫƫؼʱ̷ʣǶ
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䣡
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˲Ų麣ΣѵסԼһ
ԾǣҦƾһصľᣬͷųƵԣǵסһй
ϸ˵Ķԣܹһ·Ȼִҷִ˵صܣȻŮеıйء
ԾлȻͬʱҲ֮ȫ֣ѹסԷ
һʱ޷ʤԷҪҲעǲܵġ
һӣɺҦɫѿ˼£ĸһ޷Ƶľ



597 ˼ĵ
мսݣѪϡ
˿̵Ѱһɱ񣬸һѶȫǻ磬ݺᣬҡ
Щˮǿ߽Ե־˻ƴֿ
ֻǣһעͽͣ뵱Ѱһ·׷ɱȺۣӲɱһ޿ƥеѪ֮·ʥӶâ޲ŷӡ
ЩΪڶ쾳ˮ׼ˮǿߣĿѰ֣
һʱ֮䣬оǲҽѪ١
ϸ򶼿һ£ԭŰæţ˭룬Ͳ岻֡
аѰֱ̬̫۸ˣЩѰУ񿳹вƵģȫͲһĴڡ
Ƭ̣Щˮǿ߽ԱѰɱһغ˵ĲȱʬѪȾ档
Ѱ˳Ⱦ÷һϮ°ɫɾ࣬ϣȾһ˿Ѫȡ
ʬѪ֮УʳȻ˭ⴥĿѪɱһɾйأ
ѵģͷСӸˣȥȥҴڸУ
ϸ̾ϢһʱӢ֮صģ
ϸ㻹˼ɧϽæ
ԶԾû
ԾԸҦغɣȴһʱκβһصľᣬЩż
СӲѾȥǷ򳪸飬ȥæ񲻾ͳ˵߲㣿
ϸٺЦһſаޱȵƫƫЦøǷᣬǺϸйˡ
Ѱ˿̵ȷȥæˣɵϸĻɫһڣ߲㣿
ǷⰡ
ѰҧгݵðϷֱʱҲ㣬Сүȣ
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Ȼ󣬲ϸ쭣ֱɵ֮Ծһ죬ݺѰһۣҲòˡ
ѰʱоԩˣΪϸ򱾾󸰡д
ƣƣ컯ǻΣüȥñ¼ҹԿ
ϸһķ߿
ôһ֣ԭ;ޱȵҦغɫѿˡ
Щʲô˰ԹԵ̸Цǵһˣ
ֱǡ̫
˴˿̶֪ʲôζˣŭʣǳ衢ߣ
ѰҪɱɱαˣ
գܲסˣŭĿѡ
ŶԲ𰡣ûǵǵĸܣҵǲˣǿУöˡ
Ѱ⣬ɫƵᣬһѪɫˡ
ǰһô˲⣿
ѵУԼĳ˶ûʸ
Һƴˣ
ŭ֮£ɷŭѰ
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Ҧؾûݲҵ֮ǰеͼõԹʱܵͿ⡣
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֮ĳޣҲʱ˶һˡ
ѰһĨȵľᣬгɲǼѣһѪܵͷ­ɳȥ
дŭͲʵĿ
Ҳ̫ɴˣΪ㻹īһᣬĥһСӣйеĳޣϾǱԵعһ´ǰĶԹ㷢һĵ̺͸пСȴѰ·һɱˣȤ
ϸЦѰıֶνе
˵ʵҶ˻һˡ
Ѱʼ磬һ޹
ԴӽϽǣպͼĥ֮Ѱڵɽ飬ѿúܵûж˼ȥ
˭룬ԷȴһֱΪУв֣ҪҦغҦԸ
ѾֳҦҸˣҦغҲˣλˮһߡˮǧɽҲѪܣǱӡ
ɺҦ©֮㣬ѰȻٸǻ·Ҫ󻼡
Ѱĺɱ񣬶Ǵ˴εɺҦؾʥؾƾһͼŻԵشʱѰȷЩľ
֪˶һ컯ԺǱǿʱԻһԼб
ҺãһҲҦغɵùѰѰ˳˶һ޵Ļᡣ
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ĿɱҦطޱȵļУݶŤˣǡͳͳ
Թͼһͼ˿̾ǳڵ⣬Լһʥ˵ӿƺҪ
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ߵš
ԡ
Եˡ
Ļͻͣʥ⣬ӡգһĵʥϢ
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ֹܻԵĵģôıϵĹͼֶһƬУһ׵ʣ
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һѪգ˵ʶϾɵڵء
ϸǰ̽ҡͷûˣҲȲ
Ů˵Ҳݣϧ̫޴ˣ˵ҲܹƲһͼȻѰܲɷֵϵңӦöǴȥ
Ծ˼



598 컯 ͽӰ
ҦصûѰ̫пɱͷҲᱻɱע
ѰǣֱһͼǷǴصĴȥģ
ɵ˭Ǵߵģ
ǷıʣղŻᱻҦغã
ղҦԣΨһȷǣҦغҲûֱ̽һͼأ
һͼʧһƪʣӡУᣬʥϢԵĪ⡣
컯Ե
ϸȻпɫغׯֻ࣬һͼ޷ŵǰһĻͬеֱҲֱֳܳ仯
˶٣Ŀɨؼǣӵֱһͼûеִ˵أҲ޷ıϵĹͼ̶֣Ҳܷȷ˼ı
Ҳ˵ֱһͼ֮棬˴Կ׺ĹϵΨһʱܿǰһĻ
ԣѰԾΪȻ
ǽĿԿһƪӲӵĵʣÿһֶʥϢͷŴ壬˵
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˼ǣһ仰ǺͽǺ·ǰ֮йأ
ѰԾѽԾǻͷһϹ
ʮа˾ˣˣȻǺ·ΪһֻЬģأƾִǾܿ˵ΪǺεֲ֮ˡ
ϸдһĨ֮꣬氡ϹĴ֮һ֮صɫʣź;йأϹʥͣҲûмһ֮ݣ
ڶǺν⣿
ѰĲƽ̲ס׷
£ơ
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ѰԾϸԣȾֲ̫ͳȻˣ޷ȥƲͶ
һ仰϶ǰ򵥡
ϸͷܸоһƪָĳִܣֻƾڵ޷ȥһݺ򡣡
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ҸղźŮ˶Ծƾһͼ͵סҵĹΪһ˲ʥ˭룬ȴûһƪʣһ㣬ܿһƪʺεȲˡ
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ѰƵķţϸ򲢲գΪܿתĿ⣬ڴͷһߵ̨ϡ
Ǵ˵صġ컯ڣ
̨ϱתͷѤãһͭࡢľ㡢ߡơ
飬Ŀʣԣۻҡ
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֮ǰ֮ҪֹҦȥȡ̨ϵĻԵ񣬾Ѿ棬һ컯Ҳֿɵã
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̽òײѰٵһصĵ;һʥʬִ
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ѰԾѣҲޱź컯֮أȴʲôҲòûбʧͲʵˣʹļס
죡𣡡
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ϸ½˶Σһ󲻸ʵˣһľɥͷߺޡ
ѵģȻƭ֣ʲôϼɽɽʲôбǣʲô֮أʲôԵˣȫ趼ڣⲻƭʲô
ϸڵϣֲۣʮ̳϶Ƶ֣ԶǱƭˣЦǣϻһصʥʬ֪һȴĻԵһЩڵӰֻ֪θˡ
ѰԾ
ԡ
ԾҲģһǰ̽һֻذϸƣ̨ץȥ

Щ屦ĭˣϸ뷢ЦŪ䣬Ծѳġ
˭룬һ̣ȴһźʯ鲢δʧԾ߬ġ
ţ
ϸӲеܣôһ֣ץˣ̫ƽˣ죬ñɶ
˵ţҪȥ
ȴѰһƴںף侲òãһҲ̫סˣ
˵ĿҲȥԾġ


599 лԵ
ԾҲЩ⣬û뵽ϸ˶Σһ񣬷Լһ̵֣һ
ֻǺܿüϵֱ
ƶʯͨɫģûһʣһʯڵϹƶû˻⡣
ԾѺܿ㲻ʧ¶ϲΪôٴ˿
òһİɣ
ʯʯ̲࣬ƽ棬ȴһַ豵Ĺ׾֮С
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ϸɫһ˿죬˵һöѣһʯ̥ߡΪһԭʼĸΪ֣ԳɳΪһ걦ҩΪѣܷΪһֻޣΪʯ̥ߣ˵׼
˵׼ʲô
ѰԾʡ
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ϹʱֱﱻԴʯԢĳֲɲ
ϸһ۾ģԾеĺʯֻǿϧΪ֣Ҫطȥ࣬ΪѣͬҪĳطȥΪ̥ߣҪȴʱ
ϸ㾿˵ʲôԾü
ȿȣֻ˵ⱦУҲɱ䣬͸Σ
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䣡
ɳϵһĻˣѰ˾٣ǵûߵ̨ǵ̨ȻһӨӨӲӵĵ⡣
ৣ
һɨѰֻһǰתƣӽһƬʱУӴʧ


ڣɽֺӴ󣬰׳
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ıĻԵߡ
ϸأԲĵ
Ծ΢΢֮󣬲ѰһۣԹղ̫³çһӴ˵̨ĽƣõĪر䡱ˡ
ѰƤٺ񣬴˿ҲоЩڨڨǸղֻ⣬ѡ
ƨǧҵһԵСӸƻˣ
ϸ죬޲óȥҧѰ
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˿ƶɵĵ¡ʥϢ⡭ȵȵȵȣǿɶǻԵ
񡭡
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ѰʵܲϸԹʮģȻϸ㿴˵أоʥɽĻԵ֮أ
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ˣһܻУ
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ѰȻ˵ͬҲһԵ֮أ
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һ룬ǵִϼɽʱһ·ƺϹʱķйأһһ׷ʣԼ̳ķ޴ģȫƺ˵ϼɽĻԵעһλʥ
ɵǽһشʱһоֱòͬǴʮأÿһԾŲ̨ͷһţܻΪһߵ̨
ϸĭɣݺͲһУϹŵҵֶΣ
˵⣬Ŀ⿴Ѱؼõһƪʣͷȫͬڵҵһ
ѰԾϸţҲĲƽһ·Уһеȷϸǰ㡣
ۺһУǴ¾ͿƶϳϼɽԷ޵в֣ڱɼģ˽ԿɿơصһԵǿģΨǣſŵࡣ
ϸɫ価Ǿ̾ԷΪԵ̣汸һ壬ϹʱƵͨ뢣
ȷ̫˼治󣬵һеλϹʱĺηʥ
Ѱ𺳣ȻһɾηһƳ磬һ㽡
ô˵ڵĵطͬҲŻԵ
ԾһԶľɽɫҲһĨڵ𺳡
һԵ֮أȴ˶ֶΣֱǶᾡ컯ֻ

ϸ۷⣬Ħȭƣͽз·ת֮ǰûܻһôһΣɾҪһƱˣ



600 ֶ
ɽУֺ硣
ϸһϵ֣
ӹɣȻͬһԵصأ
ԭѰһصĴУ˻һƪдܵĵ֮⣬ҲһȻЩʡ
ɴʱ֪ǰһ컯֣ľȻҲһеĲһɨա
ԣθƱģ
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沨һӰͬ㣬ĵӳ
ɺޣǾʲôطɱһߴҪʧྫ񣡡
ڵͺ¿Ȼÿһö»Եôɱֶο̫ˡ
ȺӰȻԴţħǿߣ
ֻǴ˿̽ԺǱͷɢҲ˻ԡѪܵơ
һ֣Ǿ֣һ긦ܻģ˲ɣ֮ǰĵ·ϾܵĿɱŻģ
ΨһģΪ׵ġСţħţˡ
Ӱ۾Ӣ˲磬һָ֮硣
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ʱţԱߵǿҲѰǣһĿ⿴ɫо裬Ҳɱ
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ʮ̳ϵͨҲǰȫг˸պɱŻЩһץ񣬿϶ʧ˲֡
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ѰɫҺλ֮̿ĶԹҲýһˣǹȥ
ԾѶʱٳɣӲһûŮˣֻѰǰȥѰĸܺ;
ϸԱ߽һпУвԸпһдǻ۵Ůˣ汻СӣֻСһӶɲָɽˡ
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˭
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Ȼ΢Цϣ֮ԿϾǧȻ
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ԭеĸ֣鱦ʥ˵ҿû˵һȻ
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Ȼ㣬ȻˣںţƶԿУһ
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ԭȻҲǽ˻ᣬչ¶ԼЩǿߣһڽԵʱһЩ֪Ķ֣Ȼǰð
Ѱ˼вȻţǿɱȻ෴ڽţŵ̬
ȻôǷζţȥţ쿹⣿
ȻţЦȫƺɱܴϧӿû㳶ȻһԵҶԸŹǾ͸ƾֶΰɣ
òˡ
Ȼ΢ЦȻɣֳȻķɣһ޷ӵ
һ򵥰
ϸԴп
ѰͬУ鱦ʥһдУȻ͸һ



601 ԭ
ûκ⣬Եսˡ
ǿ߽ڵһʱ䶯֣ӵԶľɽ
һʱ֮䣬ݹ꣬ѤöĿǿϢŰƬö
ɱ
һȺѻǿ߳ͬһֺɫգǰȥ
ͷһλʥӼӿյŤ˺գȵһɽ

һƬɫէ֣ǵأʥӣִһӲӵ齣ء
λѻǿ߱նѪ׹䡣
ͷĻѻʥĿŭʩչطչ˻Ⱥ֮˲䱬ս
ɱ죬ѪȾգޱȡ
䣡
Զһͷ޴ѩӥڿգУ籩Ơʥӿɱȥ
ߣ͵طһʵʰ㣬֯ſɲĵϹ쾪𵴣ɢն顣
ɲǼѣͷ޴ѩӥһ˿Ѫ㱻С

һɽǰʥŮ䷢һ⣬ҲϮ
Ǿǿߣߴ󣬻ۣȰĴһԺɫ޸
ᣬ޸ӿգ󿪴ϣɽ̤ƽԭ
䣡
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ǹŵƿƲۣУȴһ˲䱬꣬һԾ޸Ӳˡ
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ֳһƵĳìˣʵϣǰɱ
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Ѫһ·Žҽ
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ѰԾѡϸԼȻһ鱦ʥشһһ·ɱҲδеʲôѹ
ң˿̵ȻֵҲҫۣǷͷ
ڣȻݣǰߴ·֮Ǻƣ޿ƥС
ټԾѡǷ硢顢ƳһһƵģƽһɽ
ȻѰҲ˺ܴãֺۣǵǿϳʱûսŵ˱ˡ

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һ࣬ƳϸԶȻǣϸԷϸ֡
Ǹɱεˡԭ㣡
ѰĿ䣬ڹϡ
ȫû뵽šᣬǸӰȥٵش̿ͣ
֮ǰԾѻ˵Щ鱦ʥشУļ͸ɾ
˭һӵоտɱֶεĴ̿ͣ



602 ħķ
ڲ֪̫𣿡
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ף鱦ʥصĴˣԭֻһȺ޳֮ͽˡ
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һĽǵأݺύڱصĽܷ꣬ԳѰɱ
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604 ֮
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ģȻֱǶֹҪɱѰͬЩʦֵҲһѣлԵˣ
ϸƿڴɫѿޱȡ
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Ծ̾յĴɫ䷺һĨȻԵߣҲΪʡ
һ
ѰҲһԣ䲻ⲿӹɣܹڴ˵صľ飬ȻͬСɣ
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ѰȻһԭȥȡһʯɵ˿ֱ̼ʱȴԲһͬı仯
ľһȱġޡ֣һûеԺϣһһϲԵϣһԵѹ֮У
ѵΪȡһƪصĵ֮õôĳ΢ı仯
Ѱһһƪصĵʡ
̤Ǻģء
£ơ
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һƪʣд⣡ÿһ֣Բص
ϴڵʮشУһƪʳʱǴıϵĸֹͼȡһգ
һж֤ƪʵأźǣڽֱ֮󣬾ʧѰٲһ˿ټ
Ѱȴû뵽˿̵ֱʱ֪£Ѿһ΢ı仯
ѰԾǣֱ仯ԵɣǰͷһĻ˼ı仯
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605 һԼ ƾ컯
һӵʯѰǽԴһ
ѵһֱģ
ףʯ㣬صڿտϵĵҡ֮
䣡
һֹ̣Ǵ˵أɽۣ֮ÿһֺΰĹϴУһʯ֮𶯡
һĻͻȻı仯øǿ߽Դֲڡ
֮䣬ÿһеĸǿߣ·صϹʱڣһС
һӰʮ֮ϣ縩ףԲ΢ʥ˵
ϹŴߵĴӡڴ˿ˣ쾲Ĵڤ򣡡
ܣжߡ
ܹģǸ峬֮ǵһʱ׹ԥϥأʼĸ
ǴӡΪͺֻһΣע
ܹ٣Ϳ컯ˣ
ȻǸ쵰ΪŲߣȡлԵĿ֪ŵ֮УĪĴлԵ󵽣֪һʱһųжѿˣ
ϸЦܡ
ѰԾҲЦˡ
һ̣ҲϸʥĵĴܴ
л㱣ϹţһλӵͨĴߣڵʮ֮ϣΪӵܴڿΣ΢
Ӱ̫ңԶΰ֮ϵףرȼ磬ģɼβ
ǲŹӹģĪ⣬˷ÿ˶Уȴֳȫͬİ
ڷĴ֮ڵŵľ΢Ҳ˷Ƿǵ֮С
а壬󣬺ǰټңڻȫһֵ֮ϣӯĪ
ǿԲͬ;ͬ͸򵽵УҲ֮òͬ
ȴ֮ǡһԼ򷨣ƾ컯

ɽɽ۸оϵ
һĪ⴫֮ǾɽҲһֺӿֳһݵ
ЩڰɽԵִɽ۵ĸǿߣԸоһ𣬾ͱһεߣŲƵ˴ɽ¡
ЩԭҪϴɽĸǿߣ˿ȴ֣ǾɽɲĽƸǣ޷
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ҲкݽɫģҪǿеɽȴǿɲĽͷѪ粽Уֻܷ
ˣǿ߽ףǵȷѾ̭ˣ
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Ƿҧ
˻һ顢ƳһĿ˸ѡ
ҲԣһԵĻʱ򣬵뿪ʱֻ֣֮ɱǼһ
ΨȻĬȻ˭Ҳ֪˿ʲô

⡣
Ⱥǰһ̳Ϻת½Ųƻһꡣ
ЩԵɱбֵ̭ǿߡ
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̳ʱʱ̶̿ڲҲζţһԵѪȳͻ֮ҡ
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ҲһЩϲЦտɷţħ塢塢Ơ塢ȵȣǿ߶ѵٴɽۣ֮ڶȡԵβϲã
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ͬĸ˲ѣ鱦ʥشˣͬ˾ɽеһ
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˵ѪʨһǿߣҲȫûѰС
ʶ˿˵Ҳһ㶼
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޼ɵޱȣŭԹɱҵȾݡ
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ǵȷˣһѣȴɱǸеǿɾܽܵˣ
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ҲڴʱһϢ
ħ鱦ʥصĴɱˣ
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һʯǧˣƬʱ䶯ԶȻ㲻Լ䣬ħ鱦ʥ֮ͬôɱˣ
ԭʦɲŵһڴ˿ҲЩȻЩ£
ɫһԼ˴ˣӦð
ûã½оϢʥؾд
鱦ʥشһΧħҪֹȡԵ˭룬Ƿħܣ
̫ˣħһشˣǵһˣ
֪ЩϢǻȻϣȫڣϻٶһĨֻ
껹ײеһ˼ɵĳ̶ȣ鱦ʥصĴ˶ɱֱ̫ˣ
ɲŵһڴɫü֮죬֮ǰʦ˭룬գۼ䣬ײ꾹ֱӺ鱦ʥش˿ɱˣ
Ǻǣѣ鱦ʥسһλ˲õﰡֶο湻ġ
ѣ㻹ʲô˵ģ˵ȴ治֮ͽ͵У򣬳Ầ鱦ʥء
û뵽飬ԼͬŶɱףɫôôѿ
ЩسԴǾǳϷʡ
ϵѽӲǣ뷢ŭţɫ࣬ͷһ˵ķŭ
ꡭ˴治
ֱ
ԭѰʥؾиɳһϵС¼֮󣬸Ѷϧ֮ģһжĻʱɸһЩۣҲҪסǡꡱܽɽ鱦ʥأǾ͸ˡ
ֻһ̣ȥνײ꾿˭ˣҲܾʲôԵɣһɱ鷢
ֻ֪ԷȻҺ鱦ʥصĴˣǾ;޷ˡ
֮ڸУʱѰѾ̣


606 ܵ;
ϵĵУ翣ضʥ
ѰϥأεĸУһƵɫϡ
Ժ󣬸ֳı⣬ܻԲ̣Ͳãͬ㣬ӳĵʿ
翣ʮ֮ϴϹŵϴ߲΢
ѰϸڶԴܴУл㱣״
ν֮ԣȴԱ򣬱Ħӡ֤
ѰʱԺһƵ͸졣
գԺתȻӳճһ죡
ǶԺϼ籡뵣֮Σһӵ̨УƵıƵ̨ܣʥ
֮;
һӳֵģѰӵеľ۵;ڶͱԴ̨
ҿԾѺϸ˿ҲڸδһĻĻҲǱﲻɡ
ΪѰ۳ڶ̫ȻͶأڶͿһ̨Ե̫ףͬ
Ҫ֪һ߶ԣΨϾʱпȥһԼĶ̨
ԾѡȻ콾֮Ҳڶҵ̨
ܹѰ㣬̨ϻ⡱ģȴǼѰٲ
һУѰȻ
УθУкҵ;ӡ֤ʱԵһЩϸں󣬽һһ֣͸Ȼġ
ֱѰپڲ򣬿ʼ˻ᣬڸ֮·
󾳣䡢麣졢֣
ַ֮׳ͨϡϴ衢ȼѪС졢ء
ÿһؾ磬Ըߵȫµı仯Ƽ򵥣ȴͱҴһʯ
νͲǧСԳɽ
޵Ҳͬˡ
Ѱ꣬ΪԴڣزۣ޷С
˵ǣ¹֮·ΪԵʣõ֮·ȡõĳɾҲޡ
ҲΪͨؾĳ֣ḁ̇̄ͬǵı仯
ɱ֮ǰڵ;ϵĳɾޣվȱݣߵĲĵ;
һУƶδʲôӰ죬ɵгһճ֮ʱͻ֣ᷢʱµһ˿ײȱݣȴ޷ԤӰ죡
Ѱ򣬽˴θҵ;޲ȱݣһҵС

̤ĵһ侳ĵһ㣬ΪͨѨϣӶﵽϴӷ̥֮Ŀġ
Ѱ²⶯ĹĦе΢㱼䣬ϴĵҲ֮ı䣬רŲ֮塣
Ѱһָո̤ϵ;ʱӱͻϲ֮УлȻʣඥ֮
׳
׳Уţ

֮֮࣬ͨ磬¹¡
ͨϣ
ϴ裡

ŲѰҵ;ġǰϡ׳ͨϡһ̨ס
ÿһܣջ͸
ֱľֱ̫ѵãǽ˴εĸܴһϵеı仯
ӣ翣Ϲʥ˿̳ҵ
ⲻѰ˵һѵޱȵıԵǿҲһαϴ
ϹŴߵĵһԼ򷨣εȳȻ
¾ˣֻҲϲ
ָԾ粻ͬ򵽵İҲͬ
ҲעѰЩǿߣҲֻܲ򵽺ϢϢصУ޷ŵ־ȸ߾ĸ

ʱƣȻһУһС
һԽǿߣһεߣ˵ŲƵɽ¡
ԭȺɽµĸǿ߶ʱѵһлԵͽˣ
ɺޣԲ򵽵ѾﵽޣֻһطջǱ͡˳
ǽǿһľɥͲʡ
˻һȫ𺳣඼۵Ŀ⣬ԲܻһطУһ컯Ҳ̫ˡ
ʵǺεط
̲סʡ
ǽǿһʱ裬Ǳˣ˵طֻģ޷ȡʹڣϾϹŴߵϴ
˵ü¶һ˿βסϲá
Ȼ±̭ոڸõġطʵҲޱȡ
֪һУԭһЩҪֶȡԵǿߣʱϨ˼ȻԵ޷ȡ
ʧ
Ƿ硢顢Ƴ˸ѣɫѿӬƵܡ
Ե޷ȡ
ζţ¾ɱҲòǴɽ֮õ컯
ؾɥпɲֻЩԵʥжȡһʥ˵лһ컯͵ı
Ƿһɫ䡣
Ƴźܲ١
ȻһֱڳĬ
ಣ
ûãһλǿ߱ɽ۹ŵͳ
ΪʲôҾֻһܻһĵɾˡ
һţħǿߣɫ˲ʣҪٴγɽۡ
ϧǾɽ֣粽ѿ
ĿһĻɽЩͲĸǿۺͼˡ
ǹŵ֮УʲôϻԵ
ͬʱҲʶһԵУԽõĺôԾͻԽ٣ֵ̭ʱҲԽ硣
ǽʹţħǿߣѾǶܹǹŵеģûһѰ֮
֮Աǰ̭ȻΪ츳ԶԣЩ
ಡ
ȻڽʱУ½һһǿߣǾŵбͳ
˴ض㣬˾ɥգ̾Ҳ˶Լջ⣬ϲЦտ
˭ջֻջٵˡ
ڼ䣬һͻ
һλ̤ɽ۵ǿߣͻȻ͵ϮҪȥɱһջûԵǿߡ
˳Ծǣǿ߶ûл֣͵Ϯ֮˾ͱɱ
ֵģڳЩߣʥɽϵһɽܻһ˲촷͵Ϯ֮˵ǿֲޱߣ
컯ƾȡԵǿߣ
һصĽ۳һĮնûи鲨ȴȫɫ䣬ëȻ
ǿʶصĻԵ֮أȲɼĿɲɱ٣
ͬʱҲǿɺĻ䣬֮ԵȺڴˣţܷû٣ɱȡһԵ
ڣĿ͵Ϯߵ˭ô
һ̣һֱĬȻҲ޷ƽˣһ̾ɫ両һ˿ƲסĲʡ
ԭҲڴ˵ȴܷضһЩ컯ڣȴƺòˡ
Ȼһ˵ıоƺڴΪѣѵ⣿



607 ־Ϸ ɹ
ʱƣɽۣ֮ͳĸǿԽԽ࣬໩Ȼ
Щ̤ɽ۵ǿߣĽĶѪЩ컯ǿߣһ緢
ǿ߶е𺳵ǣЩӸйǿߣõ컯ȫͬ
еΪͻһΡ
еĳִ֮ϡ
еɱ䡣
ҲеĻĳ֮ϵϹط
˼ǣЩǿϹطҲԲͬ󣬺з֮شеŸҲһЩص
ңÿһطԺͻߵ츳ϣڳЩṳ̂ɽ۹ŵеǿʺۺˡ
û˸ҶȥǿᣬɽϸǵĽƿֲޱߣ˭ȥǿԵһʱ䱻Ĩɱ
Եһ򷨴⼴ϹʱȿԵע
ǿ߶̾Ϣ޷һۣвʡ
ģ鱦ʥЩˣΪѰĶԾҲΪȻĴ⣬ȫʧһѵõĻԵ
񣬳иǿ߿ǵĿⶼˣһĨϷʺֻ
ͽѲ⣡
Ƿ硢顢Ƴǵɫ֮ȻüҲһĨ
͵ʴףһǵȷǿˡ
Ѱٵһ˿䣬Ѫде츳طԺָ̤ۣ֮տɴ
͵أһЦһϮ۵ϸ򱻴͵ɽ£ݹ˵ĳ־
ֻһ̣ͻһܵһɹɱɱǶë
ŤͷͿǷһɫˮоɭȻɱ
ѵģôù
ϸ򾪵һ߸ߣæҪӴܣĵĵͿҲɡ
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ɵǣԷɱ¶ͱˣȴδ֣ԵЩˡ
ƣ鱦ʥصĴڶЩһＵۺ죬Ҫв꽻
ԶһŪĴЦʱ֮һôЦɫϷʡ
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͵أ֣һӲӵȦջɱһԴЦǿߣѪ
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кβң֮У붼ûлûԵҳЦҵȣ浱û취
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ʶ˵ظǵĽƣĽֻЩûԵ˲˺
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ʱ裬ȴΪôҵȿԿǸһ·
·
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ԾѶǼغĽȴ˱仯ΪУȻһʱҲЩü
ϵǣԾѴ˿ȴֹϸ򣺡ϸסְɣȥҲɱǣñ˿Ц
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Ȼ
ǷͻȻ͵ϮΧѰԼ͵Ϯ顣
޷ԭһУ


608 ;Բ
ϸ׷Щֵĸǿ߽ɨˣԾǾ̬ȣҲȻɫ仯
գһ־ĻԾѣȻǣ֮ͬĹϵѲѣ
ʱƣȽŵеĸǿߣѾ½ͳ
һУֻʣţһˣ
УҲֻʣһˡ
Уֻʣһˡ

ǿ߽ڵȴǶ֪ܹǹϵмֵԽãõ컯Խ
֪ţ졢䡢Щ˿̶ڼʱв̾
֮УʥӼһʥӼУ׿ģţ졢Щ
Ѿһս֤Լǿ󣬶ǹϵиôã֪츳Ǻ֮ޡ
Уֻʣһˡ
ھСֻʣħ񣡡
ʲôħҲһֱڸ򣬲ͳ
һȻײƥɲòϣҲֻܺţ졢һߵͰɣ
֪Ѱ̭иǿɫԱøӣʹ޺ͳӣҲ塣
ΨǷɫҧѡ
ǵȷû뵽ѰֵܹڣϣҲǼɵ
Ѱֵܹڣ֤ӵų츳ԣһײеļһ˴λĳǿĴУԺǻøɲ
ӣԲ
ǷаݣΨһ̣ǵ뿪ʱϵȥѰˡ
ȻЩصֻҪĨɱѰȡϵıҲϧˣ
λɽϵĹϵѾˡ
֤ϵеĴУûȫȥ̳У̫ϧˣ
ǰ̫ϧˡ
һһ̾
ǿ߶֣ѰţռݵĹϵУûǿߡ
ζţеĴУʹܹȥˣò˶̾Ϣ
ǲʰ
Ȼૣ޷ƽ̫ನѹƣ԰쵽
һУǰ뿪Ǵɽۣ֮
һ뵽⣬Ȼƣû˱뿪Լȥ˭룬ȴ˶һ컯
ͺñ뱦ɽֶ飬˭ֻ¶޷ˡ
ȻǹŵУԲѰţ졢κ˲
ϧԵһȫͬĽ

Թʲô
ϸʣĺϲãȻûֵܼ󣬵ӸղŵĲУǰһЩģ䡣
ѵõǣ˻Ѫе츳طһһؾ
ϸԣɵѰٵԼĵ;Ժֻڼ޷ڴϷҡϡ
һһϹطΪ
ԾԼ࣬ȴҲ͸¶һ˿ϲȻⲿжһѵõľϲ
Ϲ£󻮷磬ʮˣһޣϹȸ׻϶ļ˹Ϊһ˲õĴУ
ϸʱȴѲѣ֪ⲿطԷͬѰ
ջҲС
ԾƳһۡ
ϸʱЦȻ϶
֮ѰΣ
Ծգգ۾
ϸʱ٣ûܲñȸһ᣿ôСһϲˣǸëøģ
˵⣬Խ°ͣͷɽۣ֮૵˵棬һվܻʲô컯ˡ
ԾҲͬУɽۡ
ֹˣ˿ȫעĽ㣬Ѱţ졢䡢㡢λǿϡ
Ϊֱ˿̣Ψ˲ͻأһֱڸУԵ̫ˡ
Ƿζţռõ컯עͬСɣ

ϵС
ѰԺһת⻪ӳֳ̨ƣϼڣϢơ
Ҳ֪˶ãѰȻ۾ֱ˿̣ҵ;Ѿͨ͸һƬ￪ʡ
ָܳоԼĵ;ֱˣ
ǰڽ쾳ʱֻļɱ䣬̤بǿ۵;
񣬾һУڸߵ;Ҿ磬õӵеľ磬Բȫµɱ䡣
ɱ䣬һ;ļ仯һֻޣõѰյĵ;©ȱݣü
ֲ˽ԣ½ȱǽõ컯Ҳȫȱ©ֻ¸޷ҵĵ;˼ɱ䡭
Ѱжһ
ǰ֪½ȱȴ֪ȱ
һ̵ĴڿһݡȱʧĵҲ˻ᣬһңõ;ɱ䵽˼֮أ
˿̣飬ϢԲϢһһԴһεɣأȻ
ΪڶԲزѰȴܵԼƿأԴ⣬ȫͬɱ䣡
ĺȻһսҪӡ֤ңһ־۷ɣţһζ
ˣѰȴһʯڴ˿̸ֳһƬ꣬ӿ֡
һ˲ʧڴС

һС
ϥţ͵س
ǰص۾ɽӿſֲ糱ˮڹ⣬ü価İӼâϵΨɡ
𣡡
췢һХ裬״ħ
ӹɣһţøǿˣ

֮ڣ̤־ߵ;
У޳ٻӰƮȻ𣬻ӲӣƽתʢĿ
ԼԼأ·ܹһͷӰڤз裬ȸߣ

˵ұǳ
УƠʥӿâ֯ޱȡ
һͷ˳ĺɫϣһݵɫ绡ӳĵԡ׵ӡ

˴ʵ˼顭
ŵУʥ˼
һͷεɫĳ޳ƻõɫȴǷâ¶һìҪͱƲ񷣡

һ̣Ѱţ졢䡢㡢ӼͬһʱԾ
һɲѾ翲ϹŰĶشϢҲ١
ʶڸ
ȻǺѰһԲеʯ꣬ǣʧڸԵС
䣡
ͬʱھɽۣ֮͵زһʥĲʱȫɽǿߵĿⶼ˹ȥ


609 뺽
һ½ĿˣѾ޸ġ

ɽȫĿ
ʯ븡ֶ
ǿ߾
Ǿɽۣ֮ÿһϵϿգ˿ֳ̾һʯգ籡꣡
Ǽʲô𣿡
ȫ𺳣Ŀⱻʶ־仯Ȼζʲô
ȻһĻڳǿ߶ǣͫţһš
ͼǸֳľʯ˿̾־Ź֮йһֺϵĵ
ǵӯ⣬ϹӴڽ䣬ɣϢ
Ŀǣڵλãһţڷһ뺣ɫ⣡
Ϣ̫ʥɢĽɫ⣬šնȾɽӲӵɫ
ʢͻͣϢ࣡
뺽飡
ʶһĻɽ¸ǿ඼أĿоǳԺ𺳡
һ뺽飬ĵȴɽӣʥϢҪ٣
ӹɣⲿ뺽飬ȻǴ˵ءߡҲһ컯
𺳣š
Ҫ֪֮ǰЩ̤Ͼɽ֮۵ߣٶѻһ컯
˭󣬾Ϊһмʱиһ컯䣿
ɺޣ
뺽ʥ϶ǹʥߴУɺޣҵԵ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ǿߴض㣬֮
ЩڹϵлûԵǿߣ˿Ҳ䲻ʣľǿɬ
񱻽ɽ£ֻһԵ֣ûлȥȡ
Ǹоֱ̫ĥˣ
ǷǶԣǰһĻֱһƹԴ£ıÿѪ
֪Ǵɽۣ֮뺽ȿԵĻѡȥԸѰ
ϧûкҩǴ˿Ҳֻ۾ؿţȴûȥȡˡ
ȻĬˣɫ˫ȭգָУֱ͹ԡ
ȻӿĲѹֱʡȻյ
쿴Сӳˣ
Զϸ۾һܼոߴĵУֳһӰкȻѰ
ڸмֵ󣬵ڻĳϿɣӶ̤ǵУȥһ뺽顣
ԾૣϷһĨʣѰı֣е˼ˡ
ʥţ죡һ컯עҪҴţħˣ
𻶺Ǵţħǿһޱȡ
ǿţ۾ӰǵУ
ʥŮҲڣ˵ȻԵ˭ңһأ
ߣҪ壡
Ǻǣ컯֣ƠʥȻܴ
ʱ֮䣬еĽ塢塢ƠǿߣҲ˴˶ӣš
ǿ߼ˣжģɬΡ
ɽۣ֮еĹϵڣ˿ֳ̹ӰֱѰţ졢䡢ӺͿ㡣
λڸղŵѾϿɣӶ˽ǹϵеʸ
֮һ뺽飬עᱻ˵еһã
ˣʸûУҲֻţ֪оǺεץˡ
ٺ٣ˣǵڻħǴţħţ졢䣬Ơ㡢ӣҪȡһ뺽飿ȹħһ˵ɣ
Ⱥǿ߿ȥˣЦ
˻һʱóһƬȻ
Ϊħڣսײޱȣ˭עᵹù
ţħ塢塢Ơ塢Ĳˣ׷׷ȳ⡣
ʲôҲʥţᲢۣ
ߣʲôħͽûҽʥŮĻѱĻܻڣ
ĿԴҺƠʥᣬԻĺѿ
ʥӳ񣬻һɿһĶ֣ǾһƣֱǶʥӵ裬Ǳ̵Ǹ
гֲɷ֡
ЩѰ˴Եжʤ㣿
Ծüһ˿ɫ
ϸ°ͣһֻҪǲ֣˭Ӧö޷˺Сӡ
ϻ
ԾûһۣҲ֪ڸʲôߣʶҲ޷мֵжϡ
ΨһԿ϶ǣһԵսһעղޱȣ
һ뺽ջ˭֣֮˭˿ֻ¶޷һ𰸡
Ͼ˿̤ǹϵеλǿߣԿһеľ츳սպա
ʶ˭Ҳ޷ԤϣǶԾʱʤ븺


ɽŸǿ߻Ȼϵʱ򣬴ɽۣ֮иֵĹϵڣѰţ졢䡢㡢ˣҲڱ˴˶š
϶ɣȾɽɫԻͶׯء
ԼͬأǵĿԵһʱ˵ϣһ뺽飬ɫ⣬ʥޱȡ
Ƕ⶯֮ɫʶעһ컯־ڱصã
ֻǣͬ;裬֪Ҫȡһ컯ȵù˶һء
ֻһĸУ˭սһ˭ô컯
ţ쿪ˣףڹ⣬ˡ
ȻŤͷӶѰ㣬һѣûʸᣬ͹ԹԴǿţ
ϣɱһ仰ֱӾͰѰ߳ˣΪʸǾ
λΪΣ
ͲѰǷԸ⣬һ仰ţͽĿ⿴ˡ
ӶԵ̬ȣѰҲС
Ҳã˶Ծƾᡣ
˫ָһͷεɫĳƮҷа㣬â¶
ҲͬҲˡ
һ࣬ʼ磬һͫâӿޱȡ
ΪλѻԹϣ
ȴʥŮȻڣĿ⿴Ѱ
Ͼɱˡ
ţɫԴ˲ΪȻ
ҿȽλѣٽнΣ
ԣ΢΢һЦ赭д⣬ʢѤãϢǿ
һȻţ졢ӽ⶯ѰĿҲñ
һ̣ѰȻˣֱ뿿
ԹԴţ㻹ҶȻھ·
ţȣɢĿĮ飬ӰһͳѰɱȥ
䣡
Ӷһ˽Ӳӵꪣƴɲ
ৣ
ѰӰƾʧһ̾ͳڵһ࣬Ŀţ죬ţ㣡
ɲǫʱٵ͵Ҳвͨ
ڸ˵
ţһͷһһྐྵ˺˵㣬Լ䡣
ƨ
Ѱתһγš



610 컯
ƨ
˲ѵ⣬ţˣڱ̣񣬺ܹ裿
˷ָǣѰʼնӹ仰ֱֳǵš
ȻͲв
ɱ㣡
ţȣŭˡ
䣡
ڹ磬۾ɽϣǿֲ˵ĲھǿϢԵɲ̰˻ġ
ɽźܶǿͷ¶
ѼʶţĿɲɵ˿ٴĿã˸е궯㡣
Сţħ̫ǿˣһЩǿߵüңԶҲǸеһ𺳡
ৣ
ڹܣŲƶȥٶʵ̫죬գ۾Ѱһ࣬һ˽Ӳӵɱ¡

ţ챩ȣԵ˫գ⡣
䣡
ƬձӿԭȴѰӰ
ȥˣǿ߻Ȼ
ͼѰӰԶ磬ԲͨȻڣһ˿һ
Ȼ䡢㡢ˣ˿ҲЩȻʶħҲͽ
ţͣҲҽ
ѰЦȴ
ţ
ǿΣħҲ̫ˣǿǴţħʥӣųơСţħȴһѵ⡣
ʥӣһҪɱ
Щţħǿ߶ŭˣ۾ͨ죬ŭС
䣡
Уţ뷢ŭţֳꪣңңָѰӲӵзĿĹ⣬ɭ
գұɱ㣬Чȣ
ϻ࣬ϴɾӣ㡣
ѰԶɫ˫䣬תŵɫԣȻ
âֶˣ
һǴţħʥӣųѹͬʥ̧ͷԵ
һħһ˺ƸȺۣɱһ޿ƥеѪ֮·
ɲǼ䣬ȫĿⶼ۽
˭Ҳû뵽ûᵽǡ뺽顱Ѱţλǿ߷һʱ˳ͻ
սѹ֣ĶţԳƵϾǣȫ
֮УֵĵǺټҸ˵˶Ѿˡ
ţɫ䣬ɢ˿̵һ˿ŭ⣬еֻһ͵Į
ԽԵɲԸĥ³޵еǡ
˵һûгԹţħ⣬㣬׿ڳѰԴ⡣
ǿ߽ȻħҲ̫ײˣСţħΪʳѵ治ˣ˵ɥĲĻ
ΨϸЦΪѰַɣͬǿʮ㡣
䣡
վҲţɫ֮һꪣûٳɣǰɱһӲӵ磬ҫǬ
ѰڷƮҷγһ̿ޱȣϣƵ۷塣
ˣ
ֳȭȭͷӨӲӣϣͶԷӲһ
Уһըңɢ
˼սһ
ɱɱ飡
ţħǿź
ǿߣҲڽŹעһ۷Ծ
ɱҵȺ֪ǿߣţ죬ƾ׺ᣬҲעҪ٣
ǿҧЩѰ׷ɱȺǿߣľ塢ħ塢ȵȡ
Ȼ޲Ѱɱ
ߣţǿħҲˣеʥӼɲֹһ
ҲǿΪѰ֮ţɱҲô׵顣
䣡
յУѰţɱ߽Կƾսһɱ÷ɫ䣬޹⣬ɲ֮
óʱʱ󾪺ипţɲģҲоѰʵǿġ
ΨǷǵɫѿѰֵԽҫۣԽŭͼɵпܣѰţС
սʼʱ䡢㡢ӽ˱ܣΪÿ㹻սռ䡣
˿̣â뵣ʤѩ̬ڡ
ϼһԾɫ価˼⡣
һߣͨâܣ绡ƣ޳ԡ׵ļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ĬȻεɫĳƮҷһ˹ĳì籡źεķâ
ǻ񣬽ţʱ֣ȥϵ뺽顣
ৣ
ڣӵһ̲סӰһһ֣һĨ⣬Ĳ˼顣
ħţԾ֮ʣȥȡ뺽飬ǧѷľѻᣡ
ɳϣжͬʱȹƮ裬ٿȻӳ
֣
ȣȥ뺽飬Ҫӣ

һƬ貵Ľɫ磬һ񽣣ǵأӸǡ
ѵˣ
һȻͷ֣һλãҲչж

ӲҳɣɫĳìʶͿȻѾڰнˣҪն֣
䣡
һĿĹϼͬ쾪ף
ǣȻȴûгԼɱԼ佻ʱȥ
ʲô
һ
㣬㾹ƭң
ͼ䷢һŭ⣬â裬ֱӣգɱȥ
һ£ˣ
Ȼ֮ǰڰкˣҪһԸԼֻĿģƭȡΣǣԼ
һţħ˴ǣƣԼֱ˴ǣƣ£ͿԳô˻ᣬȥһ뺽飡
һ㣡
Щͷһ׹ɫһҲɱ¶
ûгɣֳɫìҲɱȥ
ϧ䡢ӣһģǷӦʱѳ嵽ǵ롣
̽־ͳϵġ뺽顱ץȥɫ価ڵϲɫһΣѴ֮Ͷһ컯
ˣ
һ̣ɫ䣬ָһɲǡ뺽顱ȴӰ㣬ʧˣ
⡭
кݺһ鴤˲ô£Եʧ
䣡
ɺܿ죬룬ΪѾɱ˽Էŭޱȣֿεȿɲ
ǿ㣬ҲӲòܣȻдУλϢŭƭ֣νԵͲڣ뺽ֻһǶƭˣ
˻һӽɫ΢䣬Ȼ֣λðڷŵϣ뺽鲢δߡ
ʱԥˡ
ԡ
ȻӰһһӣȥȡ뺽顣
ߣ
ͬʱҲˡ
ʧһĻˣ뺽ȻԣɫĹʧӰƵġ
⡭
ʱɫ粻ıһʧͲȡѵһ컯Ͳڣһƭ֣
ôܣ
һ̣ԶԺѰսţ죬Ҳŭ
ȻںѰսҲһֱעһУ˲
ΨѰǲײس鴤һ£һصʮصԼͷһ屦ĵ̨



611 սͼ
ȫɵۡ
һ뺽飬ɢʥ⣬ǬΪһĻԵ
˭룬һоһ
ɽ£ǿǣ˭ûϵġ

ϸԾѶһۣ˴˶һΡ
УţѰͣսһԵȴܻΪӰҲû˼ɱҪѰٵ𰸡
ԣ
ţǰ̽ȥץһ뺽飬ʱӰ꣬ʧ޷á
ֻǺܿ죬뺽ֳȻȾɽɫʥޱȡ
ɫ粻ô
˴ĸ֣ԾʯյӳֳȾԵѵͷֻһˮ£
ǿҵĲʡʧӿÿУõƵüѪ
Ѱ̧ȥ
ţע⣬ղûǶѾԹȻţѰ·֡
ȻǣѰδ֣һϥϣ
ţ
ţͫһԴǸղҲע⵽ǿţȫһ뺽ںϸڡ
񣬼Ѱʱǲ裬˶ֵ׼
Ų֪ɺεȲʱƶɣԳ¾ɣɢһ˿⡣
ֻǣѰϥϵһɲ͸оһ޷ݵĵ֮ϢԼȫǣ
㱼䣬һ뺽鸡֣ǰһҳڲ֣һϵͼ
ϹսһӰأӾ֮أһ·սھ֮ϣʬҰѪ죡
һ·ԡѪȴ˺һһˣΪУΪУΪУɱǬת
䣡
ѰоѪȼգһ˵ǿսı䣬ӿ޲ȥս
һִս⣬һ޷ѰѪƺȼա
һУһϵĶսͼѣ
ѵ뺽صĴУ
Ѱսӿǿų嶯ҪȥĦǸֶ뺽顣
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¡
Ƭ򱻸ֹǣԳʢ
֪ղѰǼʱܣһҪ
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ѾʶһԵĻ󣬼пܺйأ
жϣǺԥͶˣѰκһ˿ռԵĻᡣ
ߣȻû󣡡
ţߡ
ѣ˵˵ɣһԵǷУ
䣬ӶѰ
ǻĿѰܸղͿ֮ìܣɴ˿Ϊ˶ȡԵǶʱ̡
֪Լȥԡ
ѰһսȼգѾȷźܲ뺽ϢϢأڲŵĴмɲ;
Ѱ˻һţǽԳɣȴûҶ
ǰƺ΢Ǳ˴˹˼ɺͶţ˭ҵһȻܵΧγһ˴ǣƵĸ֡
ɽ£ǿ߽ڹעҲʶƺ仯ձýźѹ֡
˭һ̻ᷢʲô
ǺǣôԵǰǷǰˣֵҲڴˣ
͵أѰ磬ɨˣһɿҪƲסսӿ
ƣ
䡣
СС࣬ʲôʸʴʣ
ţȣѰνʹޱȣӲţ㱻裬ܴ衣
ЦܲмѰΪ뼤ŭǱ˴˶սˮ㣿
붼룡
ⲻֹǿ˵뷨Ҳţ뷨ΪѰǹƣն
ν·ʤǱ˴˼ɵɥʧͽȡ֮ģʲôʸ
Ѱ磬üһǰδеԴƽȴףġ
һ˰ɣ
ɽ¸ǿߵѰ˿̾һˣһˣλʥӣǿƵһͿԵ̫
СҪ
ϸҲЩ£ɲѰķֱ̫ӴֱˣһȥԿλǿߣֱ
ˡ
Ծӯӯʣ棬Ϊȣη޾壬Ѱ˿̣ӦǷĳǻԵصһЩߣ
ˣһԷˡ
֪УԱҪעһˡ
ʲôħҲˣȻԵǰסԺڵ;ȡʲôɾͣ
ƨ;һ֪ΪѰ·ûʲô𡣡
ֳͼЦԴţħ塢塢塢Ơǿ߿С
ΪѰѾţ˷ִ磬עҪꡣ
ϾǿλʥӻһĿǶ֣
ţǶԣѰ˿̵ı֣ȷ̫Ƶֱ̫ӣǶЩɣһǷѾˡ
һȺ
Ѱˣ³仰ٲţһۡ
ǰſǿơֱӡɴ࣬һж֤Դ˴λԵ־ڱصá
ĿһĻʶѰȷˣûпЦҪڵлŵ£ȥǿԵ

ţ췢Хٰ಻סӶꪣѰɱȥ
ѰŲƣܿ⾪һꪲ飬â𶯴˵ء
ˣ
Ѱɳֿȭ䣬ⲽգǿƶֱӣꪳ˹ȥһȭţȥ
ţ͵һڹ䣬ұײѰһɿ֮
䣡
ײһ𣬱ԣŤɲ
Ҳɫ䣬ΪǺȻ֣һĶԿУţ쾹ҡΣ
ţħ壬ֲľӵΰѪ֮ǿڸǸ壬Ϊţħʥӣţһ콾ߵǿʥ֮·
ӲӲУǵûܴ֣ܶ꺳ˣ
β𾪣
ߣ
ţɫһǿʢղһ֮УѰǿҲеЩ⡣
Ҳ˰ˡ
ûжȫ
䣡
ӶꪣٶȳӰɽŲƣˣʢڹ⣬Ѱ
ٵʱ䣬һ֣Ƚ˴ӣ
ͬʱ䷢ֽɫԣⲽɱսţһ𹥻Ѱ
ӱ˴˶ӣЩɣգǻǲԼ֣ͬȥɱѰ
ǰ£ܹȽһ֣õġ
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Ʊ֮죬ɽŸǿ߽ԾȻѡ
˭Ҳû뵽һͻ֮죬֮ҡ
Ѱһܵλ﹥ͬҲǿϡ
ԸһѣȴλһҲ̫˰ɣ


612 ֮ս ӡ֤ҵ
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ǡϼƿӿĹ꣬飬һմȾͿٲ
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ʶ˿̣ǷȻޱȣɫҲ̸Ϻÿ
Ժɾ˺ܶȤ
һֱĬȻȻ̾ѰĸоΪӣͣмɵҲһ˵
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Ѱʱ״̬ء
һսȼգѪҺ۽㣬һַڡըǿҸо
һɹϵս⣬Եң
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һ̵ѰڷƮ䣬Ӱ˸źԵϡ
ȫѹƣֹǣȴǱһֽ磬ζ
ڵɽ裬Ĺ˽գԳѶ
޾壡
ҲΨд֣Ѱ˿̵״̬ڹϵս⣬Ŀϡ
ȻһޱȵսУȴһսһĥԴӡ֤ҵ;
䣡
ͷţڱҵĵֺ
ȵɹؾ׽٣ɱĶ֮·
ϴǦڹϵڸҵ;
һеĻۺɱ䣬ľǿ;Բ©
֮ǰبźĵ̺
ʱλʥӵΧõѰ˳ͷţӡ֤ҵĻᣡ
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ȻૣЩʧ̬ĵĽһ̲һ˿ҡ
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ڣȻȴ֣֪жϳһ˿أصȵԺڵѰӵкԵеʸ
ԭһС
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ܿͱƽɫžΪĽ͵ģǲ˶ġ



613 սʥ
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ϸ򿺷ܣ໴Уĭɡ
ͬҲѰǿļҲе޷ƽ
Ծ첻ȴʡ
ڵѰɴգȴһ˿ϣܺСվȾҪһЩ
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614 ¸
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лȻ𺳲ϣǹϵУΪӱһȭˣҲţɫ䣬ܵһ˵ѹ
ħɱˣ
˿̵һصս񣬷Ѫȼǣ͸һѹ˼Ϣ
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Գ֮ʣѰѳ𣬿ѯʡ
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ȻǸ
ϣϲԵ˴α뽫ɱܱȺ
Ƿҧݡ
ʦҲǱɱԺһĸ󻼡
ƳҲ׷׿ڡ
ģѷɣ
ɫᣬоɱ
λȴӳʱֻһǾһ֣£ϵ컯Ǵȫߣ
ʱɲſڡ
ʥӣԼһʥؾǿߣѰɱ޵ÿҪ
̫ţ˵˭󰡣
ʥؾڣȻһĺȳ⡣
ţ
ɲбâɲǼͿѰԾǵӰʥؾ߳
˵ôźģȻϸ
Ǹħ
죬Ȼĸҳʵ̫ˡ
⣬һӷˣǿߵĿⶼȥΪ˸еͻȻ
С飬ʱǻţ
ǿŭûɱڣħǶ棬޲̳ȥ֮նɱ
ˣѪʨ塢ħ塢ľ塢塢ˮԳȺǿҲɫɭȻѰҪ̻С
ţħ塢塢ƠЩ۰һĴҲĿⲻƣɱ
˵Ѱһվһһޣ˸Ⱥע⣬ȫ޺ŭӡ
˵λڻӭ𣿹ôưֻΪɶôúɱȫƵġ
ϸЦһָ㽭ɽ̸Цļơ
һǿ߶ʱɫһڣ޵ҧ
Сˣͷ
ɲɭȻ
ߣ
Ҳɫһ䡣
¸ëһ㣡
ϸб۾ָɲźȳ⡣
ɲûһ꾹ֱǸǧУ
ȥɱ
ģ
ǿ̲סˣ壬̫ˡ
ǷҲȣѰͷ֪ڣԲⱣע
λô˵վ鱦ʥйأɱ˳֣ɱΣ
ҲˣɱڣĿ磬Ѱ
ѰһֱԹֱۣϳʱʱЦˣʶ汻Լ¶ԣǸǿߣ鱦ʥأԶѲŹԼ
ǰֻ鷳ˡѰĿ⿴һԳ
Сһ׮
ԳƵᣬվǣ̬ӣɫɣۣܲʼգȴƸͲκ˷С
鱦ʥشһӦ
ɲЦã˿޷ɱ͵سָ̽ճѰץȥ
䣡
һֻգƿɲԣֲ졣
нȻû뵽ΪһλߣɲŴ˿̾ѲݣҪѰһС֣
ɴ˿ɼѷŭ˺εȳ̶ȡ
ӲⱣɱѪʨһݣ
һ򣬰һȣѪʨ棬Ҳͬһʱ̳ˡ
ߣ
ɫһȻ޷̱ȣԥ¯ճѰֶȥ
ˣһЩҲ֣ͬһʱ䷢
һĻɿƾס
һߣȴһȿֺҪһʱɱѰȫǿ߶㤣ҪϢ
ֻҪϸһ룬ҲѰд컯׿޲̸Ϊ˶ȡȴ컯˭Ҳ˺ˡ
¡
Ƭرһ֣ǵԷɽһɽӡ
񣬿һ߳ͼձңԳֲĴֱ֯Ƶģ˵˼¡
ɱһҪɱСӣ
һɲ鱦ʥصǷˣţħţ졢䡢ƠĿȵѰܵǿߣҧгݣɫܣעš
ûţѰʱҴ棬ǿ߹ĵǣ˭ܵһɱѰϵĻԵߣ
ϧǶѰλԳ
䣡
һֵ߳ͬʱһֱɽ¶ˮ̬ӵԳ͵ͦ˼ĹˣɣУ⣬˺գ
꣡
ɲŸջĴ֣Ȼ飬ֽ㡣
ˣ
Ѫʨһ齣޹⣬һ㣬׹뺣ˮС
ͬһʱ䣬Ǵ˷Ŀֲ˿̾粻һȫ飬񱩵ĹƮ
һеģֻͷԳб⣡
Ҳ˵ƾһĿԳһߵĹ
Ե̫˼飬ȴʵطǰ
Ȼһɫ΢䣬ӿ˸âĿⶼԳ
Сߣȿֲڣ
ѻȸǿ߶ˣӲһС
ǿһߵĴͻˣ
ֲ̫ˣ
˿̣Ƿǡţ졢ǣĵĿҲ类ˮʧԴ£ôô



620 ;ȥ
ѰҲˣԤԳǿȴû뵽ǿȵز
һߵĹ׾ͻ⣬Գֻʥ֮ˡ
ȫž׺ţħţХգ˿ҲɣɫأЩ͸Գǳ
øǿ߲˼ǣ֮ǰԳǺѰһ𣬴ʥؾ߳ġ
ȿֲڣȻܵؾѹƣѵһλŵʥ
ԵȡС֮棬λȴ޳֣ԴСɾ̫ûжˡ
һƬžУԳȻڣȴȫһ˵ơ
ɫ䣬ѵǣ
ĺ̫࣬ɱ岻֪ˣѵԳͷ
ɲɫѿĿѡ
̫ţ죬Ե֮սעѵֻɱˣɱǣֱ񣡡
ϸȳ⡣

ɲɫ࣬һӣʱǧϼϸȥ
ߣ
Գüһ߷ȴըףǧϼ飬촷һա
ɲŸ׻Ƶģʹ͵һҡΣǿȳһѪ
ƤֱȻʥ𣿷˿ֲƣ
ϸ˿Ҳŭˣ𣺡ֹǲҪֱ̫ĲҪˣû޳ܵ϶
㡭
ɷŻֱ£ݿҧ飬Ŀ֮£棬һλڣȴϸͷһܴ裬
ʲô㣿ƿˣ
ϸ
˶ˣԳѰǲŸ޿ֵس֣ʹ֮࣬Ҳеޱȼɵ
ѣֻ㲢֪ΪˣʶŻӡ
ʱϳɫׯ࣬ǺһǰȴԵʱ޺ͬ飬ֶβ̣Զӣ׶񼫣˼ĪҪΪӡ
ѰɫһʵЩû뵽ˣҲߵڰףǷǡ
Ǻˣ
ԳĿ⿴ȥ
鱦ʥصʮˣ
ڴ
ʶ
ԳջĿ⣬ٲһۡ
ɫʱѿޱȣֻҪ鱦ʥصţƾ˭Ҳ֡
ڣֱӾͱˣ
ѰˣЦԳƵᣬ湻ֱӺǿƵġ
ѣĪҪΪ˴ӣڳ
ҧʵ
һӣȫĿⶼ۽Գϡ
һҺ㲻죬ΪѣǵͬΪı
Գüڶҿҵǣǵҵĺֻء
˻һȫţʶͷԳǱѰǣ
ǵɫѿޱȣеޱȵĲʺͷŭ
ЩνĴҲˣǿ۸һºԺ󣬵֮ʱ磬עһģǣֻ³ҪΪ˸ۣ
ԳĿЩһһɨõú߽ɫ֮ӡ
Գûǣһʥؾڣʱ䲻ˣڱ뿪ɡ
ǰԵȡ
ȻԾѿڣѰΣĿǰվ鱦ʥشˣԡ
Ҫһ𷵻أ
Ѱʱˣüһǡ
ǲңҪعŻ磬ͱɵ۹еصصһֱƿҸУٺңҸڣҲô
Ծѽ͵
ѰһʱҲЩĬȻˣԾԼĿǺͼأԸ˱ʦţѰ⡣
ǵǣڳѿԾѺԼΪ飬һڹ;Уʲô⣬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ŴΣʱֻѪϣɱǡ
ȻԳˣһöҶӵݸԾѡ
лǰ
Ѱʱܣ
͸ԹģлʲôԼ˼ҵˣ
ϸһ䡣
Ѱһƾͳϸס
ûٵ飬Գһӣվһӱ˺ѳһʱѰϸ򣬽˶˽ȥ
أ
ԳԼࡣ

͵أԶʶŭĴȴԭɲţնֳߺɱ
Ҫ
Ȼ޷ѰôȻ뿪
ߣ
ԳƱŭһĨâ̽һץ۵һ죬Ƭ𵴡
ɲŻһٰը꣬е
˻
ȫһλߣĨɱˣֱɱ׺ﶼɣ
ԳʲôҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ȻЩ˿̶۾ֱкݺݳ鴤ܵǰδеĺ䡣
ʶԳһλʥˣĿܻӵ˿ֲֶΣ
ˣ
շ𲨶źѰϸʧ
ء
Ŀ뿪ԾзһĨ⣬кȻһĪĿյ֮С
ȥɡ
ԳһӣͽԾŲƵԶڵıϡ
Գ˫ָת߽ʥؾڣʧ
ʼգû˸ȥ


Գ뿪ˣʥؾҲ֮ʧ
Ͽգ׻ָƽ
ֻǣڳǿ߽ɫ࣬ӿǿҵĲʺʹܸС
Щ䣬ղűһͷԳ壬޹⣬ǾȻÿѪ
֮£̫ˣעסò˶ãͻᴫλ꺣֪Ϥ
ħƸ壬ȨȴȻȥԸԣһܴ衣
Ŵӽ𣬹ħҲΪĿĽ㣬ø޷ǣ


ʱ֮أӡպʱ߷򣬴Уڶת֮
ⲢζŰȫ෴Գֿ٣ڳʱ˺Ѱϸ
ߣ
Ѱϸ񱼣ռŤ䣬ʰ쵣ȹ̣ȴ̫ɲѷҵһ飬ͻᱻ顣
͵أѰĿⲻһƳһУһǧɳʬƯʯ֮䣬Ƶս£֪˶¡
𿴣ʱеֶǲ飬ϹŴţʱʱɻľֶ
ϸɫţѰ񱼡
ϸ˵ʱշΪأɣУڻа棬δ֪ɲ
УɻľֹͲľصʬûһеĺڶҲɼĹ꣬һЩĸ
֣Ϊ飡
˽ЩѰҲݣʱ飬Ǿʮأδ֪ɡ
ǽ̤УѰ޷Уôļš
·ϣṳ̂ⷢԳֿ٣Ϊȹ̣;оգ͵ִﾡͷ
ˣ
ܿ죬ղǰһѰϸһռڵԾȥⲿ硣



621 ۷
տ͸Ⱦһ˿ʣϰϰˬϢԶ
Ƭˮʳγ㣬˻䣬һ޼ʣ嫶ԶɾƵġ
һСƮҷںϣ쳯ʻȥ
СУʱϸеĺٺЦʥؾеջͶЦֿ
ջ̫ˣ
ĺҩģҲдӵʬѹεĸɫĿת
ϸĵõ㡣
ϲǣɽ۹ŵеĸУѰٵһ츳У
սһֱۣǱ׷ɱúǱƤǿ֪ɱٴˡ
ͬѿʼԼһ츳йսǿҲָտɴ
ģҲ̫ƽˣ
ϸ򿴵һҲսƷѰʱʱס۾ֱĵĵʧüۺ졣
ͼѰǰϣжѳСɽϡҩġ
ҲжѳСɽĸɫǹһĸżʣϡǣű
֮⣬ʮֵṦƿƿ޹޵鵤ҩһһϡȱƷ龧
̫ˣ
ȥӨӨӲӣͷ׶Ŀնۻҡ
˵ϸˣ߼ֻҲۺ쵽񲻿ɡ
ЩȻѰսƷ
һԼߢѰõǴӵϻá
ν޺Ʋҹݲʡ
ҲֲʥؾУǿ߶ϲɱ˶ᱦˣֱȡԵķʽֱǻ۲ƸֱЧֶΡ
أ
ϸû˹һҪһģ

ѰһƴףһŽ߷˳ȥ
һ·Ϊ㰰ǰûйҲпͰɣСѵջ񣿡
ϸɫԹ
ѰһսƷֲȱҲ˷ѡ
ϸҧû뵽㾹ѳԶʳ˵Ȼֱ̫Ҫˣû㻹޳ĺڵģ
Ѱ˸ֱۣ
ʵ˴νʥؾջ񣬶ֱһС
ΪвŵģǴһʥӼϻõսƷ
ѪʨʥŮšʥ
ʥӺ͹𣬸Ǳ׻ɱµıȻѰɱȡ
ͬţ졢㡢ǵҲѰܣߣϵıڵ
ЩؾȫѰһ˵սƷ
ʱѰЩֵҪʤһսƷ
УҲЩĿġ֮Уѡ
̫ˣҽǾƷһͨɫѣ
ǣлµһǴꪣʥµһӲӵߡ
ǸȺеر
Ǵսꪡ
ɫ֮ߡ
ǱѹֱУر޷Ե֮
ѰɣһóƾԼ޷ѹסǣӶݶȥ
ҲҺֱΪȫʱڣֻǸ޷Ѱá
ӵгرͣȻڵѰԶԶС
ˣЩʥӼϣľǸ鵤͹ˡ
Ѫʨġ澭ġţħġڤ屦Ơġ׷ħȵȵȵȡ
ÿһԸڸش̴Уֵ
й¶ȥԻңɱ
Щش伮ԳѰ֮
ҲֹĴ÷񣬺޲ɱѰ
˭ֻ¶޷ԼȺش˵ȥ
ϧЩ伮ޱȣȴֻܽʹĦܹʺԼģȴ֮١
ѰԸп
࣬ǺԼʱҲעΪԼƿء
ȻⲢ˵Щشֵ󣬶ʲʺϵˡ
¾ǲʣҲԴĦͽаȫĵ;


ҵˣ
ûãѰ۾һܲѡ
һ䴿͸ð黨ӳҰУƬÿһƬ뵵ϣʥһƵ֮㡣
껨
ΪѰٵõ˻ջϵġħɢѰŴӦԾѣǰʥؾһ̽
ֻʥؾ֮󣬷̫۵崵飬õѰһ·̽ѰҲһ
ҲҺã˴λȡսƷ࣬ϸһѰ٣Ȼҵֺ滨
˴վͿԻָΪ
ѰԶ׵۹գҲϴķϵҡСǡ
ǰʥؾֱڣѾȥʱ䡣
ʱ䲻ȴѰһֻĴ
Сӣ㲻ãʵ˴ջ񣬾
ʱϸȻڣѰӳ˼оѡ
ͼϸ۹ȵضֱɫȴԵúׯࡣ
ŻһƪصġʡҲΪͷԳ̬ΪֹûмӺ㣬Ħһʥ󣬻ǰȻ뿪
˵⣬ϸɫׯˣһһٵʶԶ϶֮󣬾Գ󡣡
ѰͷҲôģƲ⣬ֱޱȵġŵءȻżϵ
ҪˣԽ˶ǣҲԽɲ
ϸѡ
ѰȻĿǰֻģ֪
Ԥǣļ䳬ôгһգԼһЩ޷Ԥˡ
Ѱʶеġͨؾ֮أγҲֱһ
˼ãѰȻһЦʧѰ֮;һζִڴˣҵľ
ˣϸ졣
ƨѰû˵鶼ˣԺǸǻ
ϸʱˣٺֱЦԶԶԣұʿ͵ˡ

ˮεƽͣʱԾһ˻ϣѣɳŸ䣬Զơ
СѰϸһ·УٶȲ죬Ϊ˽Ի޷϶ںδ
ֱĺɫʱһֺ׹ٺɫĹϼεĺˮȾһĺ죬ϼۻ׳
Ư
ѰڴͷڷƮ裬°ɫں졣
˫ָԶĺɫϦ棬ҲпȻ֮档
ߣûʶϹʱһʥأȡнݻգ̾УͷӳϼǵȾ󣬲ſۣ֮컯֮㡣
Աߣϸһıġ
ȣȻϹʱʥأֺҲֻ˵ѡ
Ѱžƺ«⳩һҰУѾԿǳӳ֣ҹĻˡ
ƻ裬ҹ֮ʣǻ֮ʱľ仯ҲǾĶǡ
˿̣ˮϼڣϦңңб׹ĺɫǳ֣ǡǰ罫ţҹ֮ʱ
㺣СϣӭźԶҰããտ֮䣬ʣһҶۡ
־׶Զ⾳Ѱ˶һ֮С
㱼䣬ΪʼǿѹƲסҪƾϣ


622 ҹ
ʥؾʱѰΪԲز
ǹϵУҵ;ǽΪļԲ
ֱһλʥӵĶԾսասʥʰء
õѰʵɵֽһ
С֮ϣľ׷ɣ컯֮ʱ񣬵õ˹
ǣƾ֮Ȼ١
ϰϰĺɫƻ裬ǻ֣ˮ񷷱֣ۻԶ
ѰȻƮȻֱҪ˷ȥ
˿̵ľ˳Ⱦ͸Զ񷣬ʣ
Աߵϸһ㶣˿Ѱûвƴڻ
ҿ⡮ǰ󺣣Թڡ
룬ϸ˵ˡϦԶ׹ҹӳ磬ѭܶʼ
Ѱҡͷңƽ˺գֺδ棿
ϸɴ۾Сӣ㿴ñ֮𣿡
ѰʱЦˣ֮ڣ롮ա
˵˵ϸܲ
Ѱԣһ
ʱһεѰֱƲ㣡
Զϣ˻ÿһˮ飬ӳصĹãǧˮλ˻˷ӿѡ
һȺһȺɫʰ쵵˻ԾлһĹ켣
ûãƬˣӳл˻䣬ȺѲ߮Ϧõɫĺ죬λá
񷷱˸һһ
˾һ˵Ļ̺شС
Ѱǡˡ壬ǡīӺȾ˹һ
Ծʱ˰죡
ǵ
ѰŤͷϸ򣬺峺
ϸǰѰԶ续أ綼ıһԵ𺳡
ǡҵġ
ѰתĿԶ˿̣ϦʧߣҹĻ٣񷷱ǲӲӣʯ
һֱԣںһƬ
Ƭ׺ͿԶˡ
ϸã̲סģСӾȻȻȻؽˣ
һ仰ʱƻ⾳ɷ羰
Ѱһǲײس鴤һ¡
ȻʧЦ󣬾̲סЦ˿οͻ쳹Ƭء
ȷʵˣһ桰Ծʱ˰족续̤붴о
һУȻȻǡӯˮ硣
Ѱĵ;Ǽ֮ľ֮·
Уǽעͬ


¹ˮ亣棬
С֮ϣѰһǰһƷſĽƠ⣬һơ
ϸ⣬̵ĺ˷ܣʥӵȴֱӿԡ
ԭѰǾܾģоڳˡ
ϸԴǵؽѵ˵⡰ǺޣһζϹʱʥ˶Ե޲ڡ
ѰһԥǿƷһڡ
Ȼ󡭡
һй˼ɣԵȫͣ
ԭϸԣ̫óˣޱȣнͷ䱸κϣͳƵζ
ٳԵ㣬Ҳ㣡
Ѱ̫죬ϸʱˣųԣһ߳ԣһ̾´ҲͷţͷƠҲ˰ɣ̫˷ˡ
Ѱ˵ԹԴá
ϸԽ˵Խ˷ܣ˵Ϲʥ˻Ʒζη裬ݴǿǾƷȣ󶼻ᴹѣһ죬Ҳ׿ڳɡ
λӣҪҪūҲƷƷ
ȻһƵЦඣˣޱȣ
ҹɫϣͼһƬ䣬һٻӰ̤Ų˶
ϸһʱ׺ݽеηŮðȻŲű㣡
Ϳס
һٻӰѿ¹ʣӳֳһȹŮ
Өףü䣬°ͼ⣬Ө鶯һĨƤƵЦ⣬һоƵġ
Ѱ˿ҲЩ֮С
ߣɲֹףҲף
ϸߣܾ衣
ѽԵαأūҶڣλѵū뿪
ȹŮ׾Ưޱȣ˵䣬СһȹƮ裬ѩӳĵԼ
ûִϵŮˣƤ湻ġ
ϸз̡
ȹŮһЦΪȻǰūλӡ
һֺرʿ飬ʳ˼̻ӣȴСӯӯһգˣԵüջ
ǳЦʱ鶯촽Ө޵Ϣ
ˣӵʣħŮģһֶ鶯Ķط顣
ϸȴ飬۾һɣҪǳ⣬ȴѰסˡ
ԭǰ֪ǰΪ£
ѰЦʵ
һƳԣҲƷһƷ⡣
鶯ЦӯӯྻϾĹһֳ
ѰҲЦˣ롣
оȤ
δ֪ҹɫϣȴͻȻһضŮ̫Ȥˡ
ҲûһŮӦеֱ֣һԽ׾Ө˫ƺԼһ
ͬʱ˺⣬ֱӳʺСȥһ߳⣬һƣԵúȻٲȻԼˡ
ѰоŮȤˣϸҧһƨһԣҲųԣƺܲζȱŮˡ
̫óˣζһ
Ե͹Өĺ촽գһԴ鶯֮ܺɫ
ԻĳԵ򰡣ϸ̡
¡
Цúǣԡ»һ֮
λҪǰδ
һ˸ֲӨĺ촽ʵ
׵۹Ѱڵ
ѽǿɺңԶ·;գߴ·ؽһ
ѰƳһۣҲ֪׵۹
ͷǳЦ˵
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κִǷһĨɭȻĻȣһﾹҺӲȲҪѰ
һ˲ѣạ̊́ͫȻһ˵Σոо͵ӿ׹ߡ
⡭
κֶû׹͸оұһʹѵĴ죬ѪͽǾһ˲ͱ׷ɣ

ĲҽдзʶҪ˱ܣȴһֻ޳Ѿϡ
أ
ֱһɽѹϣκֶͱѹڵϣϥǹǷ飬鴤նΪʹŤҾ御
һж̫죡
һƣͽκұ۷ϵѹڵϣ
˽𺧣ԭܶϷʵɫȫǣĿࡣ
ӶЩ޷ת
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֪Ѱݵ˿̶ˣѰħǿȴû뵽׵ĳ̶ȡ
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ž
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Ŷ˵㿴ˣһҲ˶ѡ
Ƶ̬ôǿ߽ŭ;ɣ꾿˭Ϊδû
ΨӣӵкѰһȻҲ̺η塣
ⲻʵǿ̬⡣Ѱһۣƿ˼
ˡͷ
ʼգѰһֱڶĳָ㣬ӴһΡ
ܹصκ֣ƺֻһӣ֤
أĿһе̬ðڵ˶һɱӺĸо



631 ǿ߷緶
󵨣˭Ұҵ޷ˣ
˰಻סȻȳѰ
ɫҲƣ˸
ѰƲĿ⿴һǿߣһֻӬĽ𣿡
䶯˵ǼһɲǲӬ꣬ʵ̸Ͽɲĳ壬ȴ麣Ⱥеһ˭ǡ
ɵѰƽĿעӣȴһҧûж˵ЩֱԵᣡ
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˽¶һĨЦ⣬ǿʸô˵Ϊǻĺᣡ
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Сˣ
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ǹصǸУκ֣ҵȣԿ̹ĵĳͷйҵͷ֮ޡ
ߣҲ֪ðҰСӣʵǿΣΪӵһЩͿ޷ˣ
Ҳ׷Ц
ѰκһĻļºͳԾǿѰҲվһûʲô̵ѡ
ܹȽɫΪѣܿһЩߣϾĶе˭Ϊѣ
ǻжϣǲŻ޿֣ԽС
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ЩԴǣǴһǸ˵ȫЩ㵣š
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һᣬڹ£ǵǸҿԵʲôû򡭡
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ڣ꼸ûʲôϻͲЩֱӽѹء
裡
ȥⱲӱ̧ͷˣ
ͷƤǣѰٶ̫ˣ赭дȴֲƥ
֮ǰκ֣ڵ꣬ǱѰ̧һƾѹֿûС
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ȻһҲǸһе̳轾һЩȷûһߣұһǿ߶ҪǿһЩ
Ҳǵĵڡ
ȴ޷󣬾кεȿֲ㣬֮䣬ͶǬ
ֳȻڵ̬ҲֻھʥӼϲӵУڣȴһϣβ𺧣
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ͺñˣ֮ǰεֺڣѰλħǰܿЦСʲô

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Уһλʵ麣һǰʮĶǿߡ
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ȻѰп
һǹԿƾޣͬпưμ⣬ߣֻ¸֮Ӳ
ѰķӦٶȳϡ
վ˿ͦӰһΡɽֻ̽һֻ޳֣ץסǻɱĽǹ
촷ɽɱһǹεȿֲɵѰץסһɲ޷
ǵˣǹЩܲסһȫɫ䣬궼ŵ÷ɳ
µȫһѹˣ
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ѰһɲǼ䣬ͽǹУǹ˺ɨһ˱ҷɳȥʮǽҳһ̳
һ
λеĶ֣ͷ֪ѶٸҰܵһͿ
Ѱԭأҡһ֣Ψжһ˵ŵĽǹӰȻ䣬ȫ


632 ӵ
µڵأͷɢѪֹ
鴤ʹȴţʹ࣬еĿ־Ҫǿҡ
ͬ޷뵽Լκ֡һ޷סһ
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ӿʧأܵһǰδеĴܣǼһǺηʥ
ˣЩһ̳һڸܵһǰδеѹ
ԶȻ꣬ǵɫԱضɣѴһĨļɵ
κְˡ
ˡ
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Եֲ̫ˣ쾳֮У¿ǶһеĴڣӲ¶ԷһУôԷսֲֿ˺εȳ̶ȣ
˭ô˻ᣬվ
Ѱƽȴһ־Եźڳ˶һ
֮ǰǣԸߣΪѰȻΪѣȻǸֵһɹĽɫ
ʶһֱͱѰ
ڣǻ̿ˣе˿־вʶСֵһɹĽɫһλز¶ľ
ˣ̤㶴۷壬ƿܹ;ʥӼﲢĴڡ
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ȫžþýԲԣ
һпУҲǼѣʲôǿߣ
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ڤҡ֮ϣ
ԶԣЩνĸ̳ֻǵ϶ѣֻ;η
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ͬзʥӵȫһƽˣ
ȻǸղŰܵòԩһѾ߱˺;ʥƽɫ


633 ԰һȭ
һǿ
ܹΪʥӼսȻḻ֮һʶ˴εĶЩѲ
ֻԴҲ벻麣ȺУʲôʱһ
Ϊǰû
Ѿ룬ڵڶʱԼһӲâ绡ս
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ݣһȭȫûٿһУܵһǿҵϢ
Ҫ֪ǿֻԹۣһȭĿ꣬ǣ͸˴Ӱ졣
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һӣǰһƬҰ
˭ΪΡΪλǿ󣿡
֮Ŭţ̧ȥѰȴ֣ѿյѲ֪ʱ뿪ˡ
ֶ֪ܵġҡ
ԳૣʧȻ
ĬȻɫ粻еأ޷ƽǿ棬һĸо
һλʥӣε֮ҫۣڣȴǿ˶ݣ
һУ԰һȭͣ
꣬˭



634 Ʊ
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ȷˣ̬Ѿǰͬһɼᶨִŵ
νǿǿʶϢ
ӵ̬ȻԼڵĵ;ϳ˷ˡ
ѰһжУԵͷʱ
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Ѱϸ򷴵żˡ
һû뵽ߣΪ˶Ըһ쾳ߣһ𣬻ǿѰ
Ѱ˫ָ̾
֮ǰЩһ̳һҪԸѰԴ˲֣ûôϡ
ͬˣһȺϹ￪ʼˣϵĴ컯뿪麣
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ѵֱӺλ꺣Ѱ˼
ﷵϽǣҪ粻֪ٺһ·ϾĪֺΣա
ߴţǾһ
񵱳ѰԾһǰʱǸ׼֣һ·ΪģȻִ֮⡣
ֻͬʣѰϸˣƾĿǰʵҪȥλ꺣Ǽֱûʲô
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ϸҧݡ
˵ҪŪ˭
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Ѱϸһ۾ϳ˺Ȼǰ
һϮȹѣ貨ڱϣǣ鶯һʥ޲ݾƥ

һ̣ԱߵҲɫ΢䣬¶һĨ֮ɫʹޣҲпɬѹ
Ѱ𣬵˵ǰرǧᦡʶǲŻһ·ȥ׷ɱ
ֻѰȴû뵽һǿ̾ĵϣ
С椿湻ġ
ѰƳһȴϵķ֣Է˿̾ƽδʲôж
ֻǣǿ򶼷ŭɱڣĿˢˢڰϡ
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ڡ
徫µüëЦԭҲʹȥֻΣһ²ò
£
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ϸһ㶣׹ŭԭŮǵĺۣ
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ʱѰˣأͬصŮòרΪİɣ
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Ҳ̫˷ʱ䣬ֱӸߣ·ԻǺú̸һ̸
ЦãӨѩף޳һλðĹòɷ
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ϸһĲм
ЦݣγкۣϾҪͷߣǻбѡô
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ǸһߣʲôµģѰʡ
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ҲڴʱһֱȻڣ˵λŵùңҵǽ飬ǿԺһߡ
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ЦЦûٶ˵
գѰϸһ𣬸氢һƮȻȥ
ǰѰһ£˵һ仰ߵĶ֮ͻٵɣϣ԰ﵽ㡣



635 ɱ
ֱĿѰ뿪ջĿ⡣
һУһ㱣ԭǾֵ麣зħ
죬Ļָƽǰδеļᶨ
Ѱϣǿ֮·ʶԼı֣̫ĲͲ㡣
һʥӣ˭룬ֻһֻ֮ܰˣӽԺҵǿһУרעڱҴ
һտȻľı仯˵ʶԵòͬ
һ̴Ҳǵʥӷ·һˣʳݣõǶ档
ˣҲ֪Ѱʲô
һ߽Ǿ¥УСĴѰĴ
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еĶܼ򵥣飬Ѫʨġ澭ġţħġڤ屦Ơġ׷ħġ
ÿһ鶼ƿӵڸеش̴Уֵ֮󣬳
ȥ麣Уˣ
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ܹЩİأôԺǺѪʨ塢塢ţħ塭ЩȺǿߵսĻԿռƣ
ΪıܣԶѱ졣
ҲѰЩ͸ҵĿİɡ
ĳգĿ⴩Զε󺣣૵ѰлˣĴʱһһ𲢼磬֮ϣ

¥ھŲ㡣
ټĵУǽ塣
桢µһڸһ̳ɫǡ
ѰȻ뿪Щȴûһܹƽȥһ뵽ղŷһУĶڲںͿ־壬һԵĳ衣
麣һĶ쾳ʥУƺûһɣ˵Ǽһ﾿˭
µͳŵķΧ

Ҳ²ⲻӦѾ̤˴˵еǿ۵;
գ濪ˣһɫ粻־磬ֱ֮ͬеߣɽۣ֮ųͬ޵У
ܹ֮ԿģҲΨִ֮ͬľˣһߣԲС
ߣһϹʱΪ콾ѹһ磬ɨȺף
ϹʱƵǾ
һԴǣλʥӼ˵ֱͬһףȫѻȸ𺳡
ղλ꣬һλڶ쾳еߣѹһ磬ɨͬһеУ
ֱһ翵Ĵ񻰣˲˼ɫʣ˶š
ϡ𣿡˲
У
شһĨ׷䣬ǰгǰŻʥءݷã˵һЩؾ콾Ĵš
ȷǣŻЩϹʱĴУӵľ
Ż򣬱Ϊһһ޵ͨ콣ڴףڶ쾳ʱͺųͬ޵еߡ
ף
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һƬУɫ䣬ʧѵղһλߣ
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ܹһģ麣ֻ¶Ҳһ
ôǴðģӵ쾳ߵʵΪǰӲ
ˣԭҲڴʱ˴УǸħ񣡡
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ҲԣҲֻħӵɲʵϾڴУţλʥһ֣һĶ֣֪ж׺ˡ
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һӣȫӦ⵽Ѱݣһɫøޱȡ
֮ǰһֱ飬ҪһȥѰħټûһ׺ƥļһһֱƤ£
һ뵽⣬ǻֱð²ѣǸղħɱ䣬Ǻֱ롣
ʲôȥ֪ͨλǰȥɱħ񣡡

һ仰ȫ͵طӦǰħ񾹳УǧѷĻᣡ
ߣ
Σˣ
죬ȥ֪ͨ棡һ컯ǰ
ȻУЩŮƵģ¥ȥ𼱻ǣȿֺΨһ
ǿħϲʥؾеĴ컯˭ɱ˭ܻһ컯

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Ը߽ԺȻ֣һλλ֣ɱڣǿֲضɫ䡣
˺£
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һļһУ˭ܲ𾪣Ȼ
Ҫ֪ħײƥϿɲкʥйصĴ컯һ㣬κһλߴ֣ᣡ
ѣ
ڵߣҲҪҳ
˭ṩħʯһǧ򣡡
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˵һǿߣһ߶ˣԶͷʶȫѰ
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⣬˫ָü両һĨء
췢ɱתƣطɱ½˷ɱ췭ظ
Բ֮أԱɲɱǣһ߳ɱѰȡ컯
ȿֲɱ٣һ쾳ԣԵֲ̫ˡ
ϵܣϣ뿪Ĳ̫
Ŀ⿴Զı̺



636 
ಣ
һӲӣƼͨŷܹͼС˺ѿһֱĹ켣һ˸ͺɰ֮ء
ʧʱһХɢУƶ䶼˿״
ٶ̫ˣ
˲ư㣬Բ׽ĺۼ
ǺۣϹʱǧڡʥ˲ߢġվʯƶɣϸһǧŰͼƣһųƿԡһ˲ǧ١֮Ų֮Ҳ޼
СУ𰢺Ƶ
һϮȹѣ㷢ɢӨ׾ޣڴǰԼ޳һʥ
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Ȼ´˱вǳһٶȣҲԶԶܹġ
̧ؾдζСϸһĨЦ⣬ҪǣķҲλ꺣ʱԻϮ
ϸߣܷסߵĹ
һֱ԰ΪǸˮȻþĶǣȴһʮʮŮ
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ΪȻЦƾ˱ǱܿߵĹ
˻һϸԶԣһѡ
ܹܿߵĴⱦѾˣӶ
ǲ״̬ôǿҲ֪˱ʱӵжô˼ˡ
ѰҲ֮ɫ
ʦӽۣͱܸǵĹͼȻѿдͼĥͲƣʧȥܡ
ɼˣҲѰԾ̾Щͼ޲̺ŹڴĺۼĪ⡣
˱ʱ򣬿һʥƵʥѰЦ͡
ѰʱȻЩͼ̺ƵҲ̸϶ɬͼӡĴۼ
ʥҲĿǰѰܹȥͲġ
ĪҲҪǰ׵۹ѰȻʡ
ѾӦͰͬУֱڣѰҲûп͸Ůͼ
΢΢һЦӨ׾ӨӣǵĴȫʱԻ档
ߣڵģ϶Ĵ治졣ϸЩ߰ˣоŮ˳Ǹ̫
䣡
ڴʱ䶸Ȼ
һεǵأ񷴹䣬Ƭն飬ɲĺ
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һ˵ţƿźۣʼܡ

糱ˮĹͼ⣬ӯںܣʢĿɲǼѣٶȶȻ˲ֹһ
ͼУ˱һ⣬˸Ʈ磬ܿʹǿֲȥ
ҲͬʱѰϸڼԶطһΰޱȵӰϢأɽӣף˼䣡
һλ꣬뷢īͫؼ䣬ǳи
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ղһҲȻǳֱ֮ʡ
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룬׷ɱҵʱ䡣
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߿޷̵ֵﱻȾָˣ

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Уϸɫ䣬ֽ޷ĿǰΪֹ뷢λ߳֡
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һ֣̬ӺݣԴͰ
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ʱɫأĶͷһЩˮ޳Ӱϼ⡣
תȫڲݺۣһ˿Ĵ⡣
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һȺֲϹһ֪ǵ龰ε֮ˣԾ
ͼ;һ·ϣҡˣһЩֲ·ϵ鶼ܣͱ˲ɱѪˮȾ̺ÿνǱԩ֮
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ϸĵһӦҲòϣһкʵʵĽ顣
һסġѰ䣬ɫƽ
ټһӣǾˣ
һƺʲôӨʺĴǷһĨϲɫ


637 һ
һʱ䣬ָš
ڣѰǶԣȴԵøͼ尾
ʮλһʩչɱУ췭ظҪǽɱ
Уȫ޷ֲֿ˾ĸо
ԭŭвֹϸ򣬶سĬˣɫʳˮ¶ľǵǣ޾ķŭͺ⡣
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ѰҲڳĬĿ£޵Ԩ
ףڶ쾳ѿҪѹһеУǵʱվ̫ˣ
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Щ԰ףɫ侲΢΢Ͷͷĺˮȴ¶ǿ֧ţﵽޡ
һӡ
ԣͬԵüѶڵǰ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣʲôʱ١
һĻѰüʣΪ֪ɱ٣㻹Ҫǡ
գѰûʳڡ
ʱҲ̸ʱӰ쵽Ӱ쵽˵
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䣡
Ĺʱʱ̶̿ڼɫ䣬ڣ;֪жٵĽʯ챻һա
֪жٵ޹飬һͻأɱС
һУЩ׷ɱȴ޶á
УֻһҺۣ
вĴ컯˭޷̴ʧǧѷʱ
ֻǣϣһҺۼֱһĨ⣬ֹٶ죬ŲƣƮǵĽɱÿζݣ
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һұѣżֵһɹСһӵǼֱǶ˶ˡ
麣УΪһЦɡ
׷
ÿϹﶼŭˣȫ֡

վûܼһӣڰ;ϣ͵ƺһѱò԰׵ĴǣһʺѪա
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ҲһһģӣӿһĨʡ
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ô죿ɱȥСϵĴ컯ϹʥйأȻԵܴʧ
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ѡֹʣµЩϹҲûѡ뿪ڹϾʹ˷
ֻҪһ߻֣Ǿͻԥ֣



638 Ϸʼ
ϷҪʼˡ
УһĪĹƺҲЩ˷ܡ
ɫƬޱȣ׵Ŀ£ںУҲѰܵһֹķΧ
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ϸɫ粻Դӷڣǵͱúܷ겻
ܿ죬ѰͲλߵӰһ磬һ
죬ʴϣâɣ
ڵִƬƾǿʢȴ޷ɢںϣ֮Ļɫ
ɫء
ڣڴ˵УϹʱһսʥ
ʥ
̤ʥۣ֮ųʥ֮ĴߣһΪͬ٣ͬԡ
Ҳڴˣ֪һսսǺεǿֲ;
£ȻЩߣþٴУҴ
˵ĺϷ
Ѱһ̫ˣٲ뿪գۼĹЩ߾ͻᷢǡ
ż;ſϷɡзصɫʡ
üĿ续ޣ˿̵ЩߵִǵûоͼɵƺЩʧ
ôôϹﶼû𡭡ૣҲ㹻ˡ
Ѱһ̲סƳһ۰ƺ֪Ὣʲô
ڴʱЩ߷˺ۣһԼͬأ߿
£λֻʱ̣ȴδ̾Ͷ֣˴˾裬жŵļ
ԭҲ򵥣һΪ˵ڣ̫Ͳ飬õǽԽСģðȻж
һΪǵȷڱ˴˶ź͹˼ɣ
Ѱд컯ȷģɲһλߣֻ¶һ컯˶ߡ
ǶѰ£µǣһ컯ʱǱ˴˼ܻᱬͻѪս
Щǻ˲֪µϹŶȻһ㣬ʶĬûðȻ֡
СһôˣǷѾ֧Ųסˣ
棬ǸЦڣ޿֣оâƿǺۣеѰ
Ѱû˵ĬȻ
Ҳ֪ڣϹʱӴĴ֮أҴˡ
һλĿڣȻѾ־ܣ뿪˵Σϵķϣҵ˵׼һ·
˻һʱĶ
ϾڣڹȥУʵԽߵǿԽԸս
Ϊǵ֮Ĵ֮أֲ飬һǿߴ룬ͻܵǵķ񹥻
УһЩڳЩϹһǰһڴˣ
ǱҪûԸΪѰϵ컯ѡ˴ɱ
ѰڳĬڵȣȰνġϷ
ϸɫѿ֮ѹŮ㾿ʲôϷһʧܣǿɶ㵹ùˣ
ӣЦʾϸ԰ꡣ
СϽǱҵȳ֣㵱ɱһλ治ͷˣɱѰΪ֮⣬ƾ׸
лթ
һλһ䣬ΪѰǳ۶ȴͻأͣǣһԵЩ
ˣŽֻڣıԵشΣգҵҲԵһʱ뿪
ĺ߲ΪȻοǵİΧ£ƾСӣĻ𣿡
ôһ˵Ȼˣ¶Цݡ
СһҵޣȰ㻹ǹԹϣھͳ򣬵ǳʱȴע³һͷ̷һտ俪ڡ
ѰסֳĬϸȴ̲סˣŴķϻడ־Ͷ֣û־͸Ͻ
˵ʲô
͵أһϹɫһ˸ʱ򣬶Էɸƣǵϡ
λһ飬뽫˵ͷ­ժ£ûȥΪƱ˭Ҳ
ͷ̷͸ɭȻɱ
һͷ­ѣֺηҵȸģСϵ컯
һ浭Įоǲ̺Ͳм
ƨ죬ҿĸ˭ȶ֣
ϸ򳹵׻ȥˣ䳰ȷ
λǽΪԵɱԵĹ⣬Σ
ɫ׼ŭˣΪһλߣȴűһƣֱǳ衣
Ҳá
Ŀһ˸յͷӦ
ϳɾȻᱻϸǹ˼ɵģֻԵˡ
֮ѰУѾûʲô
ֵӵģֻڣΣպͱ˴Եʱܱĳͻˡ
䣡
ûκγɣ߶ˣһ۶ɵĴ֣ճۺݺץȥ
ˣϸһĶɤۣڸߵɱҲ޷š
ѰӿҲ
ΨӨӨӲӣϷˡ
죬ۣʢѤãնٻƿֲ
ߵ˵Ǿ
ˣ԰ͷ֪ȹ£ȻԷԦǺۣҲûһ˿ӶݵĿܣ
Ѿʼ˼ץסС֮󣬸ιϷһ컯ˡ
ֻǣͬһʱ䣬ǳֵĺߣ棬ȫһоëȻ
ۣ
ҝУ֪ʱֳһֵٻӰһﶼڵĿֲϢ
꣡
ֻ֣ûȸǺۣͺȻ飬ĨУֽƵġ
ǡǡ̲סУ׹УоͷţͷƤ顣
Ҳ־ŭɫҰѿһʱ䣬ǾͲ˼ȵΣգ˲ɭ޵С
һеģǲ֪ʱ𣬾ѸڻҝеһٻӰ
ǸŮˣ˴Լ֣ããɫ֣ӿһɻɬε޷ա
ЩϹУŮһؼףһԻϢֲ̫͹졣
Ƕڣһ󣬲̶ֻ־޷ƣȫ
˭
ѵڣеĳλͷ

һɲѰҲһϳһٻӰȻԹλֲ
ʱǺһλķӰһֵģѰ˲ĥӡ
ֻѰû뵽ڴ˵ʱٴγˣ
ѵνġ̡λ



639 Ե
ˣһλͺ
ö˵ÿһϹﶼܵǡŮĿֲǵĲͷƤ顣
ǣѾˡ
Ů֮󣬲һض˿־塣
˻֡
ԿһεɢƬ췭ظڱ١
棬׵壬ͱһû
󣬾˵һĻˣߵӰ۵ķ죬һֻݡ
Ҳ֮СϴСƮƮ뵽ŮС
ҲǴʱһϹſŮУһȱһǵɫۣڻ֣ļ¡
Ļ񣬾ͱѹɫУûһ˿촫
⡭
ΧϹﵹһӲ԰ףһ棬ǵеһλ߾ͱѹˣ
ԣǱȡ񽵷һֻһ뵽˶ԷıУѹ
ɣκһλ߶ԣ˱ܣǼֱɱǻܣ
ϾѾߵĶλã嫣һܾĿ
ڣȴ˵ȡܴ衣
ͬʱŮǸĪֶΣҲЩϹﵨսľ־嵽˼¡
߶ͬϰ㣬һصŮֲֿ˺εȵز
˭
ͬһʱ䣬ѰϸҲ𺳣ͫĲһ˵ľ⡣
ŮĪֶΣ뵽ͷԳͬҲ˿ֲǿϣһֹڸأǬơ
ѵҲһλʥˣ
ҝϣصŮδ֣һεٶȴɢ
ӣ
ЩϹﳹױ˵ĿѣһʩչȫӶݡ
˲ѣǾͷ֣类һõǾ޷ͻƣ

ǻŷɣɫãֲ̫ˣڣ֮
ۣ
һλ٣ӰһͷСϰСŮеɫС
ⳡˣһλزɲŮӳֿʼһԲζ֣ȴ׾ͽλߣ
ֳȻֱֲ̬˵ܵ󣬿Ժɨ䡣

Ϲŭ𣬷Ӷݣʩչȫѹױȹϵϰ㡣
ѡɴ˴β̤Ͳڣ
ϧںѾˡ

硣
λϹڹǲľʹȥн˼⣬ҪѰٻᣬһ
ǶԣѰһŵĴ컯ϲ̫ۺ촹ѵĶ
ʥʥ˵
ϼɽһ뺽顣
һ֣ǣʥ֮أκһΪ֮ɱ
ο֮⣬ѰϻɱʥõıͬҲޱȡ
£˭ľʹ˷뿪
λһΣ˭ܻһ컯ڣзأ̶ֽɱһ컯ǵˡ
һλ飬ԴΪĶ

ɾڴʱһҽдǻҝڣ͸޾Ŀ־塣
ڳһϹһ£ɫ䣬ǻ棡ѵʲô⣿
зɲаҵʱûѡǰڣ
ǹط̫ˣ֮У֪жС

ûãһŭĴдܾҰźоǿ־塣
ʱЩϹһڣУ϶ʲôֲ֮鷢
ô죿
߻
ľ֮ʣɵڣȴûһ˿
ԽԽзë
УʲôЩһǰϼһǷѾˣ
һ컯͸λˣһҪ£һ
ȥˣܵĪѹֺͿֻţŤͷߡ
ϹˣɫãԵúܳɣɽƬ̣ǾͲǴԼƺһٻӰ֡
ǣ
ǻһͷƤ飬һۣǸܵһǰδеΣӿȫ
ߣ
ĻаֳɣɲǼɢӵı˭졣
ҲʱЩȺϹʶЩڣͬ飬ֻ¶Ѿٳˡ
һ뵽һֵٻӰǻͶ£׹ߣ̫ˣǾڣصġס

ڣžһƬ
Ѱϸǣþ޷ƽ
Ƥ£һһϰ㣬صŮһһѹɫڣʼգκһ˿ĵֿԵ֮
ҲѰ𺳣ڸ̫ǿˣѹͬɱ׺жֲΪܹ쵽һ
޷
գνڣڵλϹȫûûһܹӳ졣
⣬ǰԵġϷ
ѵ֪ᷢһУʶŻԦۣȫ뵽ڣУ
һӣѰǿ򰢺ĿⶼˣصŮֹ֮ӣԴ׽͸
ϸ򶼳ĬˣԴӾʶڣԹеߣҲͲ顣
ȴ֪صУһλŮֲƥĴڣ
ƫƫȴƺҪ˽ڣԵ̫˼ˡ
Ϸˣ񣿡ȴһЦӨ׾޵Ͼɡ
㾿˭ϸ̲סʣɫء
ѰĿҲ˹ȥʱΣѾҾصŮҲʧ
ҲʱλЦٻ⣬εŮ̸һ̸ˡ
˭ҪҪǣֻѪǽһԵˡ
ЦһŮģҲһʥʣԵúìܣȴںһϡ
Ե
ԣԵ
ͷ˵翣ƺԴ˿úأü亱شһ˿ׯζ
ǣֻΪһԵϸ͸оܻסЦ
ⲢЦȻ
ӣѰȴЩˣ˼ԵЩˣֻԺֳˡ
΢΢һЦӣʺ죬Өף˾ˣνԵ£㹻ˣл֮ʱԵϲ֮ҲΪ˶ûڡ
˵գ˻ӾӨСȭͷЦˣҲˣףλһ·˳磬ڴгһգܹٶطꡣ
ӰƮҷٿȻȥλõĹӰȥֹ
ιұ㲻ҪˣѰæе
ⱾΪ׼ģЦɣؿԶУ𰢺ö
ܿ죬ʧ
ŮǷ˴һ飬һͼı󣡡ϸҧгݡ
Ѱ˼˵ǵһκɺϡ
ʱʼΪ׼һݡԵˡ
˭վһæҲʲôͼԺܹн⿪ŵһ죡


640 ̵۹·
׷ɱħʮλУλڣ٣֪
λżȻƳһλװӰŵĶӣ
һϢȥֱһ籩һֲ˼ٶϯڤ
̾ڸȺ޲Ȼɫ䣬䶯
һʱ䣬λ漶ʧ٣ٻزУ˿ֲ飡
̫¡
Ҳ麣ԡڣ̺ͼɵˣΪ׽̸ɫ䡣
ͬʱڡħ񡱵ϢҲǰһ䶯ɢȻ
˭޷һ쾳ѣȴɱ㣬ÿһζܹɱٶֱ漣
ʥؾ֮⣬ԻΧ˷ջǱˡ
ʮλߵ׷ɱһӳ죬ЩӵӣĿࡣ
һУԵ̫˼Ҳ麣е޹⣬߷ѵ
һ꣬ȴ麣֪ٵķˣգȴȻȥ
һУҲԵ麣̫ˣ

һ粨εȺ䶯;˶ٵĻȻ𺳣֣ױȺסˡ
ΪִһΪħ񡱵꣬麣һδ档
ֻǶԸԣһħĴ棬ȴһѿĳ衣

ǿ߷緶
֪Ϣʱ̹⵺֮̾أһη˸п
Ҳһ죬أʼչء
ʱ˲ʶľֱʼߣ
˫ָտȻһ߲˵Ǿ͵ƣϵܣڴ֮ʱעҪŹʵģ

麣һȻ󲨵ʱѰѲźۣϸһ׵۹ء
صŮ˭Ͱʲôϵ
λۿնɫʵķӣǷҲڣڵĳط
ڣ桢ʥؾλ꺣Ȼ̫ؿɲɫʡ
һ죬һٻݡ顯
ಣ
ѰĲ£һĨ⣬ŷܹϵͼӲ꣬˸ǰУٶ졣
ȱĹűٶȿĲ˼飬ߵҲš
ѰĿǰΪҲֻܼʱ
֮⣬ҹűҪĸ߽龧ͼͬһ־޶
ѰʥؾջķᣬģеԲס
ǿűı׶ˣȻޱȣͬҲ֮һ˸ʹá
Щ֦ĩڣֻҪܰȫ׵۹һеĶֵá
Ѱǣһ·ϴ̫պ֣շ籩ʱɲ硢Լзֲ׶顭Σտν޴ڣһ˿Ĵ⡣
Ưϲ֪µĹʬпܾͲɱһеա
ǹ翵Уʱܳһͷ߶ǿ顣
ˣĹȺгȺӵԹ飬ҲвбѪĹŹʬһЩϡŹֵ飬߮λ꺣ĸ
ֱɭ޵㣬ֲ֮κ߸еԽ׳һ
ȻѰǼԦۣһ·ҲСΨǵʲôΣˡ
ã۵֮⺷ߵĴܱܿѰǵоյػһһա
Ѱϸ򽻻ŲݺۣҲĬûгʲôء
һ·ϣѰδУֻҪпУǱĦ
λ꺣ϵĵ졣
Ѱű䡿䡰ӡ
һʩչ˫ֿһӲӹӡƵϣͷųһͷӰɱɽǬ
Ѱ·һȺԹ飬һӡ֮£ձ飬ʵȶ쾳Թͳʮĸ൱麣ΪԹʿȫ촷ĥһգ

λ꺣ϵĵھ졣
Ѱ͵ϮһȺΧǼԦһαΧס
ԭڣЩĿ̫࣬糱ˮǵأٶȿȣ˷ʤ
ҲһαΧУѰս򡾽ű䡿ı䡰½
£һϹޣɿ죬ķ
⡰½һʩչһ´ب䣬ֲ֮£ɷѹһ顣
֮һУһּԵķ֮
ƾУ糱ˮ飬˲ͱ޷ٶʧȥٶϵƣձѰҡȥ

ʮ졣
Ѱһͻأʱշ籩òʱ˱ܣԶԶͣðȻǰС
ȴ֮ãһʱշ籩ʧ
УѰͻƣű䡿ĵС

ʮ졣
ϸͻ򣬾ֱһչأҸ֮Ѱ˴αչأһ꣬ꡣ
ڽѰֻһ˲ݺۣããλ꺣С
ͣͣһ·գҲ಻˼ۺ͹쾰
ľҲ֮һδεõĥ£Դ硢֪ˡ
С
쳵һ·
£ͬҲһ·
ʶ顢򡭡ԻУõȫµɱ䡣
ɱ䣬ƶΪûʲôʵʵȴڴ֮·ߵĸԶ
ڽʱҲصĳľȣ㣬߻ħķա
ʮ졣
ڲݺ۵ѰȻһĨؼϢˡ
֮ǰǰ񱩺ҲûֹѹֵķΧɽˮУһɽˮ硣
׵۹ӦѾԶˡ
Ѱ˿һظĸо
ʱ䣬Ŵǹյλ꺣أѰҲЩп
һΣƵǾһ
ѰƯںϣͲᣬƾ沨С
ǣͷ˫ϣƣ񷡣
մȾϴԶ󣬺ˮγһ޼ʣȻ£ںˮзĵĹ
żгȺӵĺӹ䡣
羰续ȤȻ
ƾѰǿƥĸ֪ѲĺУѾܹвΣա
׷ɣϢݷڣ˭ҲֵãƮݵ꣬Ǹ麣Ⱥͷ۶ŭġħ񡱡
˿̵ٲȻһƯںϵÿͣж⡣
Ѿܾûˣָо˵ľ׺ʣľҲøͿ顣
ӽλ꺣ٵ񷵻أһ·Ϸ̫ನۺգѰƣڱһֱڽ״̬С
ֱڣлѵõһ
ţ
ֻǣѰǣûãһݰͱһͻȻļƿơ



641 ӿ
ɶǺ˺𣿾ɳһλϾĴʿ׷ɱǣ
һҧгݣɫ価Ƿŭ
Ҷ£һǹֱʹͭɫ֭ͭɣһ⺷ζ
ҶºһŮӣԼһڱ׷ɱǽԾַŭԽܡ
׷ɱǵģһλպĴʿԵ۹֮һĺҡ
ңͷ
Ǳ˴˵жԵ˫ҲðȻͻܾˡ
ɴ˴Σ˫Ϊᶫеһȴʦڣɱڣֱºˣ
Ҷһ˽ʼϲ
ϾĴʿˣ϶ҪɱڣֹǰϢ壬ƻǰռж
ԱߵŮ񻣬޳ڣһϮɫȹѣΪζˡ
ҶͮҶһǶҶҵˡ
ֻǴ˿̵Ҷͮȴ˪ͬŭޱȣñݽҧоŭ
һҪʮ֮𣡡
Ҷɫˮ
л𣿡
ҶͮǷһĨɬǺ󷽣һλϾĴʿȫ
ֻò˶ãͻὫס
£ɿܻĻ᣿
һΣҿ湻ݵģȻɳһλ쾳ʿ֣ûдǻ뿪
ҶҲĬˣһĨͲʣѵ
һӸѱŵɫףֲ̿
̻ɥ֮Ȯ𣬻Ƿ̡ҶԳ
Σһ̣ǾԲģ
ৣ
֮ϣȫӶݣӰ磬ĿҫۣʱֻҲټ
ţ
ȻҶͮһǰĺϣƯһұһ°ɫ꣬ڼװɹ̫
յģҶͮ飬ɬ˿ԼǱ;Ա⣬ֱú͵
ã
ߣҲڴʱȴ·ҶͫһһǿϢѾͬ籩ϯ
һ׹ߣɫ䣬ĺÿ죡
ǶϾĿ
ǺǣһȺ϶ѣҺƳ綢ϵһ̿ʼǵѾƿأ
һ͸ЦŰľףƬء
һƵĶݹ⣬৵һӼԶм
ˣ
ҶºҶͮǵɫһףӿֳһĨ޷Ƶľ
Ƴ磬һλĸʢĶϾʿһΪƵϾտۺݺᶫʮ֪ɱ˶ǿУһһǿĴڡ
ҶҸ߲ǿڴˣҲ庫ƳףڳĶ麣ߣںƳȼĴʿǰֱͬһϰ㡣
£ܲ
Ƴ磬ΪҪϾɱǱҶֺֻ֪Ҳ޷ܵģ
Ҷºڡ
ߣͷвң
ƳߣɭȻģֻҪȫɱ˭֪ģ
˵⣬ȻһĿƳ˲ԶѰֻһϢƽʱʱΪȻ
һĻҶͮɫһ䣬ɿ쿪ڣѣȥһ֣ƱҪɱڣؽܲ
ȻѰ
ԭѵõ˭룬ȴǰ飬ʱͱƻˡ
Ҳһ׷ɱԼǸ⣬ʶһֱԹۣԸС
ҶͮʱȴѰһ˿øУƼˮѣԷȴѣʵѵá
Ƴ̲סˣСѾͷ㲻ÿЦڣС뿪𣿡
͸ŨŨӡ
һȺ֪С֪쾳ֲԼƤ£ȥȰȥ湻ɵģ
Ƴ磬ҪԸǶѣºλ޹أΪҪ˾
Ҷͮŭ㻹Ƕպһλʿֶȴ˺̣˲ݡ
ϻ˵Ϊ˶žй¶ϢС޹Ҳһֻ̫ùԹñˡ
Ƴޱ飬ᡣ
Ҷͮݶҧ飬ͨ죬գס
ִҲͽͣҲ޷ı享Ƴɱ˵ľġ
ֻǿϧ꣬վײһ£޹
ѣԲסˣǺ㡣ҶͮһǸȻѰ˵
СѾͷϻ࣬Ǿȴ㿪ʼɣ
ƳЩͷˣһӣһƬ貵Ľɫչ
¡
ձǽɫʢֲƣҶµ˳׾
ֲ̫ˣڶ쾳˭ֿܵ
׵Ҷͮɷףı־ûûһ̣о֮
ġҪ
ҶͮԺհףǶȥ
ʲôҲǰɱˣ
͵أһȻڶҶͮһȴȻ֣Լû
֪ʱһͦӰѾԼǰ
Ǹ꣡
Ҷͮ𶯣ʶؽеѣ㿪㲻Ҫˣ
ɻһڣȴЩԣҶǣǺƳ磬˿̾һɵ飬Ŀϡ
⡭
͵أҶͮղźƳʩչĽɫ磬òǱǰ껯˰ɣ
ûСһﵹӣܵסҵһҲһеɫˡ
Ƴ翪ڣЩü
УѰϢƽر֮ƫƫأһ꣬ȴסԼһԵúܲһˡ
ȻԼһ١ҶͮȷˣȴЩš
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Ѱ룬ԼһЩǺֱ̫ˣʱϴķ嶼ѸĳѰ벹ȣΪʱ
ѰɱӿЩƲסļ󣬿ɼһ֮󣬸ɵĳε֮



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˵꣬˾㵵Ŀע£ϵĳɫӥȻˣһĨɫ磬ɲǼ䱩


654 Ѫɫ
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һĻ̫ˣһЩ;òгԭֺϲõҲǵȻ޴棬һɾ㤺ȡ
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ۼսλ꺣һʥӼﶼ磬Ѱԣ߹ҲûʲôȻκ壡

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ףҪ
УһΣǴˣѾˣǧҪٶˣ
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ΣȷǣСӦõȷŻˡ
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㡭ǲǲ³ʲôˣ̲סʳ
ѰʱЦˣ۷УŸջǰƨһң̣ٿһЩߣǿɾԵ̫ˡ
ֻС꣡
̩ЦҲпŰ겻ǰСȴԽԽúŪˡ
ɫһ࣬˴Ŀġ
ԭ̩˴˵ۺ͵ۺλУֱѰһ仰
Сӣֳһ췭ظĴ󶯾ΣѴӦ㣬ǣ
ǵ֮̩ԭⲻת
仰ʱѰһʧԭλʹĴǡۣ
ò𾪣һνϽʱյһܺϽǣֵ췭ظ
ʱ֣˭ô˵ʮ㣬Ļ
ڣˣԭλʹĴǵĴۣ׵۹ߵͳߣ
ǣΪʲô
Ѱ׵Ϊλշ
ܼ򵥣ΪǡĵϵᣬҲΪ¹µ״ѧһݣ㱾ǸҲշһ
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ɡᰡҸѹûʲôġ
Ѱһ״
᣿Ǻǣаȥۺ͵ۺͣŲš
̩бһۣһСӱ˱˻Եģ
ȥ
ѰȻܾЦԽԽȥλִ۹Ȩķˡ
˭֪ǻοԼ
ֻԼΪŮĻļһ
ԽѰԽеͷ󣬲ŸԾѷֿãôһӾͱˣ
ѰյǣԾѾǰŻ磬ʱνֻͣ¶û˻Ǹᡱˣ
һ̩һĵģѰףԽԽڣԽԽ鷳
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飿
Ƿ᣿
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ͼֻԶҴǵж谭ЩأҪԶᣡ
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ֻԶæ˵ּҵһҵؼһ˸ռˣǽԸˣʲôȴǵ۹һλүĺᣬӶǵط⡭Ѱˡ
۹ҳԱ
ֲҲǻе֣Ϊҡؼҵ飬ٵ۹ңȷǸܴ鷳

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663 ӿΣ
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ȻκβѰһԹջйͷϡ
ǰǣұģƾְƵƣ簡
ѰЦ˸ƨ
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ǰǰ׺ǿƣܹԴԼѾܲˡ
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һֻʹµϺ꣬˲¹ͷĺݽɫɵĵ㡣Ѱڵ
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СϹҾǸȸӻĿˣĳ˲¹ͷˣ̩˸ۡ
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˭Ҫ𣿲˵ˡ̩Եúܰһӣ;ֻܾԶĺ⡣
λǰȻǣֻԶ̾
һˣ˿ȴһ̬ԾӣƨԵúϺ棬緢һһ㿴αܵĳɷ֡
һԵѰôֱ鴤
ȻһĽɫûһ򵥵ģ֪ʲôʱðףҲ֪ʲôʱ÷ŵ̬
Ҳֻ֪ԶڰɲϣֻԶ˶̩ˡ
ΣֻԶչּˣ
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Уɫüͷ塣
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ܲ⣬ԴҲ벻ףƾһѰϴķּҸҺؼҡҽа壬ҲԵ̫֪ˡ
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Ҳ֪оʲôôڻһ㷴ӦѵּСű
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ԣû֮ǰǰֱӶ֣ڵȴȴѰԴһȷľ
ڲðȻ֣᲻ҡ
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ʱϲüչǿǵ۹ӺһλϲеĹдӣ
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ҡؼȻ֮ƣּһ벻ĳش
Ψˣϴ̳裬ܺϵŷϣ



664 Ϸ
ĴϣˣʵϽǸ̽ӣѷֲڰУעһС
ѰϽǣֱҹɫйһˣɱּϵٵȻϵŷ˺ϽǱ˲֪ٵĺ䶯
һ籩Űǣÿ񾭣ÿ˶ڹעѰҪֵʲôز
ѰΪ׵ϴķּҵƺͽа壬ҺؼֻȡʲôӦӦж
鷢չڣѾ쵽˽𰸵ʱ
Ϊڽ죬ϴķּҷư㣬ǿӲѪֶΣҺؼжһһԭּҵĲҵ
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⴦طҲּҶȡôһУҺؼҵϣѵ⵽ش
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ΪϽߴϵŷеȻȻȳ鷢
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һЩУѰһִ󵨡ĳƺţ
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ѰʱҡС涼Щ⣬û뵽Ѱˡ

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Ѱ
ͬʱ֥ҲѰЩ뷺һĨ˷ܣСӾˣ
ѰôĵӰ浱Ͻǰ裬ƾˣף
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ѰЦˣЦƵᣬĿȴǿ̩ǰŮڻʲôɫôо˹磿
ĸоû̩ͷ
ѰʱЦˡ
һǴϷζЦݣֱһѵƵģݺݲ֥У޷Щܻ
㡭㵽ʱ򻹸ֱòͷˣ
֥üУţĵʱ򣡡
ѰŻּ֪ҽһУѾ׼ŭؼҺңɳǰʱˣ㻹ʲôŵʱ
üҲǰڣвԵúֱܴˣֱ̫ˡ
һУðвһ̽Ӿһʶǲ²ⲢûҹȻѰһ
ҡֻԶǣ˿̶һʶƱ
ΨѰԵúƽ˵ʼնһȻģ˵ˣǾ͸ˣҵֶΡ

ԣ֥ǰеһ̽ӣ̲סֳһͷѰȻ紫ǰͲⱣ
ƾҵֶΣ
ǻ˰
ѰûвһУԹ˵֮ǰҵּңջԭּҵĶ
䣬֥ܲˣеңʲôʱּҵˣҶһһԣ
Ҫʼˣ
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665 ̩
ѰǱ֥ĺ廰ŵˣȻ֣֥ƺϵ̩
Ļұֵ˰
ߣôˣѵѰҲеӵʱ򣿡
ѰȻ֥ǲһĨмԭѰж׺ᣬԭҲˡ
ʹݣһϽǶͷ۵콾ȴ壬ȥĻҲһܹʵ顣
촽ؿѰȻˣ͸Ͻڣһ㡭
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˵꣬һζͺݺݳǰϣһƨɵڵأź׵ӼʹС
һţҲû뵽ͻȻر˺ݺһƳڵϡ
ֵĲѰ̩
ҡͷ̾Ϣۣʵڿȥˡ
Ѱ̲סЦˣ̩ΪеĴ֥̬϶ܡ
ĿһĻڳ˽ȻҡֻǶЩ⣬֥ȻɺһЩɱϾСҳԱݡ
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ϵ֥УĿ֮£һλĺᣬȴ˳һƣֱܴ衣
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֥Ҳ׻ˣͷɢؼУĻһ˿ղŵӺݺͰܻøƵġ
󵨣бڣ˭Ұ
Ҳڴʱһ羪ףƬء
һͷϽڣۣ̤ŵ꣬˫ָԶ
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666 ҵĴ
̩Բֻ侺ϰǰ򵥣
˵һ¹۵㡣
ӺϲдеĺݽɫǰӰ˳ͷӣѰܹӵеƣ
ӹɣ̩ȻǻʹеĴѵ۹ҲҪ֣һȥּ֧ң
Щ̽һĲԤеб䡣
ԭּƵµŷ磬ãΪּҺϵŷа壬ֱǳ˪ӻòͷˡ
ּе۹ҵ֧֣Ͳһˣ
б䣬ٴϢ
죬֮˵˴¼Уе۹ҵӰӳ֣Ŀǰƽ
Щ̽׷ײȡжڵдϢ
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ǰǻѰǡִ󵨡ʲôҲ˵ؾȥϵŷа壬ûʲô
ǲʶǶСѰǱڵͺ͵̣

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ͨһߵڵأܣһɥܴģ

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ٲȻΪѰһɱ̨һһǹݺУս
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һλһԲϣɱϵŷеλ־ʿ
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ԷŭԴʧ״̬ʶһϤӰСǰʱҲţһʱЩ¡
ûע⵽ЩֻǸϰСӣղž
СӣϽ˭ˣȲС飡
УӰһһƳͷȥɱƣ˺֡
֮ǰ¹ѧԺ֮ͬ޵֣Щϰŭԣεȵ
ڣȴһ쾳ǵСӵɱˣϺδ棿
䣡
ձɲƷڹ⣬ǵأµ˼£ڳʦʱӷ㶵״̬оѹ
ȻǾͿһĻ
ʮ𼱵ʱ̣СǰѰһĳصһһֻӬƵģݺݳɳȥ


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һƣܳƣһƴɳϣҲɳһವһµɳȥ
Сˡ
ڳһڽϰҲˡ
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Դ̬ڳһڽϰԷŭ˼¡
ڣһļһȴӬƵģһƾ͸շɳȥԵ̫ˡ
ѰȴͷҲ̧СԼ򣺡վҴ򲻳ɣϽȥ
Сֽϰ㣡Լŷ졣
СӻīѰЦЦһ࣬ͽ׳䳡
Сֽϰ
ʱڳһڽϰԴ𺳷µ״̬ѣ׸ţѰˣ
Сӣˣ
ͬʱһŭ쳹ȴɳȥѱ
ڹ磬ɫ࣬оŭԲţղԼᱻһƾͻ
䣡
ӰףƼˣָһƺɫϼϣȻѰĻȥ
𵴣Ľɲ
ܹ֮ݣ֮¹ѧԺкɨһѧ֣ȷһĺݽɫ
ֻǡ
صһ죬ֱɳȥݺݵڵأðǣ鴤ѪܵòѪ
Ѱԭأ粽δֻĳһƶѡ
Ҳ̬еˣȫʱһ
СֽϰҲ̫ǿˣ
һЩѧʧǶѰӵžԵţͬģǿҲһѰɫ
ԭΪѰ֣ҲҪһЩۣ˭룬СֽϰǰǸղŽ᲻һ࣬Ե֮
̫ˣ
ʲô̫ǿСֽϰһֱǿ
ڸţҽеģ
һЩŮѧ磬Ǽð⣬ΣѰĿֱĽ˳տز
ЩѧԺϰҲһϲЦտѰֵԽǿ¹ѧԺصӾԽ
ֻǣȻǣĿѰҲһĲȻҲֻܹһɱλ־ʿɣ
гŵձûȣȲ˷Ѱĵڳһʦˡ
㡭Ѱ
ӵɫѿһĨɺء
αѰ赭дٴҲʶӲˡ
ѰԣȻƽⲽǰĻɫҲ¹ѧԺҰ
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ԹŻ磬ʥ洫Ϲߵʹӣţ½УҲû˭ô
Ҳдд衣
ѰǰĴݣɫȻȴһɽӵơ
㡭
ྪŭսгһ֣͸оǰһͱ߬ס˾ͱѣ˵˵ˡ
̫ǿˣ
п־壬֮ǰ˵һЩѰĴʱлţΪǹţԶﴫ
ڣʶԼ´ˡ
ϧ˿СƵı߬Ųľ׮һݺڵϡ
أ
촫Ѫҳ鴤ĲҽС
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˵ţһ̧
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ྪֶŭױˣ뵽ѰôݣȻҪ
ס֣
һ̣ڸ̨ϹҲ޷Թֹۣ
꣡
ȴѰͲᣬһȥһۻ͸żɢһٻٵڶ죡
㡭
ͫţԲƵģŲڡ֡ŭζ
Ϊϣǿɱɱܣ
»ţӽԺҲעһˣһˣעûκμֵģ
˻
ڳʦҲѰֶ塣
ʹӣɱϾԹŻ磬ʥ洫Ϲߵʹӡ
ѰɾطϵӾͽеˣ
Զ̨ϣϹΪ׵һʥشˣ½Ŀ⿴䳡Ѱϡ
֮ǰǣˣ죬̬⣬ȴһֽԸ֣Ȼڳһʦ¡
ڣѰ֣طϵΪԹ۶ѡ
򹷻ҪˣʹӣɱϾһǰϹߵʹӣ౻ϵǵʲô
Ѱ½вֹƢҲܴ󰡣
ϹԱߣһ멣ģӢ°俪ڡ
ȽϹһʥص洫ӡ
ܹΪʥ洫ӵģһǿƾͷɵ콾ֹȽϹԱŮ
ʣѰƻȻһŽϵ߷ɳȥȻһӣϵѪһ£˵Ѫ¹ѧԺĵأʩͷܽƢ󣿡
Ŀ⿴Ƚôѵ
ڳʦдʶѰڸղܵӥֹȻʥشˣ̬ҲһҲ
ȽɫһڣͱѰֱӴϣҲţҿû˭˭⡣
һӣȽˣʥشˣȻڹŻУҲһǵķ
½磬ȴڣƣܲŭ
ǲ֪
ǺǣȤ½֮УеǣʵϧǣһˣҲ졣
һᣬǵǸֻҪƽϢǵŭ𣬽շһҲ޷
ԱߵǼʥشҲ½ڣԴǾ⣬ȴ͸һɸ߸ϵĸζ
ֻȽȴЩһǿ̫ˣɱˣԺ㣿
ԶһʦˣǷŭǵǡ
Σʥؾ֮̾ȻȻ¹ѧԺ޷֮ԿҲȥǡ
񣬼ϹǽìͷָѰﻰⶼ׷ŹѰ˼Щʦβǣ
ȴѰûһ˫ָǣڳ˼ʲôҲʼգҲ¶õ˼
ˣνϾֻǸˣֻǣվˣֻһ㹫Եܡ
ʱϹ𿪿ˣһϮۣһͷ𷢣Ӳԣǣһֽҫۡ
ֻ˿ɫȴԵõĮᣬһֱ˵ѹơ
ڣҿԸһĻᣬͶң䵱ߵʹӣΪЧ£ɼ̡
ϹԴƽĿɫѰһζ
һʦɫѿѰ䵱ʹӣʲô
ǺǣϹʦֻˣҲ̫˵Сӣ㻹Ͻ׸мܹϹʦЧǱ˶ı컯
ϹߣһһͫЦ


678 ƨɿ
ѰԳƵϵ۹֮콾һһ֦㣬˿ɱȡ
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ǶѰһּ̤裬˭ֻ¶ŭ
˷ָǣ껹Բѵ˵ѰϹͶϣǻǸǱҲò컯
̫ˣ
ڳʦɫˣЩʥصļһǿ˼¡
ȴһ޹һģΪѾȺˣǰƾϵһ㣬ͱ
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Ψصɫƽһ˿ǺȻڵۺʱҲ˵ƵĻҪѰΪЧ

ô¹Ǹһڹдﶼס
ڣѰѾúȫͬնλ־ʿԷȴأƵһָ߸ϵ̬ѰͶϣǽ
뵽⣬ɫˡ
ѰԸ񣬿ɾԲɵʲôŻ磬ʥأֻҲ޷Ѱʲôˡ
Ȼͼ䳡ѰȻ΢΢һЦĿɨϹȽˣǺܲһ̳ɹҵһ˿ŭ𡣡
ֻǡ
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һЦ꣬Ƚˣ̲סЦ
Ϲ𴽽ҲǷһĨζȣŶҵǺܺ棬һ˿ŭ𾿾жܷ𣿡
˻һЦ޼ɵˡ
񷲻ʵȫΪҽȴ׾֮£ţھԣ
Ѱˣž
аñȸ棡½ףʲô͵ϵ𣡡
ЦӰһͳ䳡У٬һָѰ˵˰ŭ޷⣬ɱҽ˺ˣ
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Ѱˬͷ
ӦʦƢе㼱꣬һֻϵĽѣαغһʶƽûԼݡ
ȽҡͷʵԭҲ붯֣ݺһѰϧȴȡ
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䣡
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ڳʦĶŲѡ
ʥص洫ӳ֣ѰɱȣȻǶѰţ˿Ҳ޷š
죡
Ĳ˼飬긦һ֣֮죬;ȫٿȻѰǰ
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Щ־ĽϰòϣʥصĴˣȷ̫ǿˣϽУ԰һ
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ֻǵ¶мʱͳԾ֣ѰǱеӰĭʧ
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ֱ񱻴ţײһ£ƨ񿪻һ۵죬ŤǰڵƵģͨһʮĵϣ˸ʺ͡
һɲ߷ߵöŸճ֣Լóٶϣʼգȴֶûͱһƨϣ˸ѿޱȵ̬
Ե̫ˣ
ͬһɲһʦŴͣĿֻ࣬ǰһзӦ񹷿ʺһڵˡ
⡭
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ǣûѰӰ̫ˣԵò˼֮
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߷Ҫ͸оѾʹ̵ƨϣһֻźݺ̤ϱߣͨһڵϣƨݺУ۵һɤӽ
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Ѱǣŵװзһ죬ǺѪⶼ飬Ѫʶ
㡭Ҫɱ㣡
̫ˣĿ֮£ƨɱ̤عŻ磬עΪЦԺ̧ͷ
أ
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䣡
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һƵϺͿͣ͵ϮζΪ˭뵽ʱʥصĴ˻ͻȻ
ۼһҪѰϣͼһͷ޵Ӱ͵شѰڿն
䣡
һɿֲĽɢͼĵ綨񣬱ھѰͷһ֮ء
뷢ڵӣӰɬ񱻶ڱеһּ뺷͵ĳɱ̬ȴܣԵЩ
ҲͬʱѰͷһͶԷսһѽԷסݺڵϡ
򲻹ͽй֣ôƫƫ
Ѱ˵ʱһ̤ڶԷƨϣһ󳴶Ƶ죬뷢ڵӵƨҲƤ۹ǶϣѪʡ
ܴ裬ֱӣֱ۾һʹȥ̫ˣ
ʥصĴˣȴ½类һо£ߵƨɿѵӰ⣬ֳ
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ȴˡ
ߵˣ
ɫԱޱȣҲŹѰһЩţֻǱʶΪƶ½УĿʲôˣ϶ǿˡ
ڣǲŷԼˡ
ѰһǶ쾳ڣɶȴЩʥش˶ǿ˲ֹһ㣡
Щʥش˵ĿⶼϹҪóһע⡣
ղŵǣһָ㽭ɽȻ֮ϵ̬Ǹı̬ȣʵЩĨ
ϹҲĬˣʵҲ֮뵽½Уһ
֪ˣǸղſ϶̬ڵ˸ߡ
ϧҲˡ
û뵽¹ѧԺУܼ׿
ϹһջظղŵĻȷλʦܡ
һϮۣ𷢲Ӳӣһ˵ľɣɴ˿̿ڣѵϿѰ̬Ϸת䡣
ڳʦܺԺʥص洫ͷɲ˭ܰ쵽ģ
ЩʥشɫЩѿ˲ӬһܣкܱǶѽðȻѰ֡
Ѱ飬üҵһ˿ŭûйǾʹ
ⲻϹԱߵȽС
ŶǾͼѰɫ⡣
һ仰ĪȽʱŷ࣬ݶҧ顣
ǰ۸ˣҲᱻ۸
ҲᵽֱŭζˣôܲܰɡѰ
仰ڳһʦж֪Ѱڰǽлѩܡ
֮ǰֻ࣬ʹӶѣҫ۸¹ѧԺˣӺڿ࣬Ǳܱͷŭ
ڣѰֻǰһл˻ȥ
ѣʿɶֹĪҪΪʥش㡣Ϲɫ䡣
Ǿս
ѰԥղſҪΪʹӵģǾôˣǻ˿ġ
ѾˣҪȥϹͫбâѰԴǱƵöһֱٱס
кβɣ
Ѱ˵ʱ̤󤲽һ˸ͳԶ̨Եǿֱ֮
ʲôʥشˣҲλ꺣ЩһʥӼĴڣ֮ţ졢һʥӣҪԲһߡ
ֽɫѰ֪ɱ˶١
鱦ʥص洫ӹҲѰɱˣ£ɵϹǣ
ʹ˷ŹǣԵѰܣ



679 ϷŪ
ڳһʦ۾ֱˣ
Ƕû뵽Ϲѱ¶õ£Ѱ޶ãˣ
ϸһ룬ַоʹ졣
ЩԹŻʥصĴ֮ǰ̫ˣҲ̫۸ˣ¹ѧԺڿڮ١
Ҳֱܴݲеζˣ
ϣִɡ
һ̣Щüִ޷ճϾԷţҲʥصĴˣݲһ
ѰƢһ飬ע˭Ҳס
ԣغܾᡣ
䣡
Զ̨ϣսѾԳʢϼܣһŭĴк˻
һʦ𾪵Ŀע£ͼ˿̵Ѱ绢ȺӰݺǸ̨֮ϣ޿ƥС
أ
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ûãһŮҲ߷ɣ䳡Уͷɢ毺ϣŤһƬ
֮ǰԵúˣò£ϽӰ㣬һָ߲ʵֽ֮С
ڣҲƨɿ˸ʺѿƣȻѰûΪŮ˶Դ
ŮڼУһ߷ߣץޱȣʥУһ£ǹš
ڣȴһֱ߷ɣǱƨϣ⡭Ķˡ
⡭ִݻɣ
һЩѧЩ̿ȥ
ʱŮѧˣƨŮʲôֵͬҿǲʶôСֽϰŽп𣬴ģ
Щѧʱ죬
ŮǶѰ˵ʱ˭磬ǾԻΪ¹ѧԺŮѧͬӵĶ󡭡
һЩϰԭҲЩв̣һĻ󣬺ǵѡ޶ãš
أ
һʥش˱߷ɣҽŹڽǶС
һĻĻֱһǼǾƵģÿһΣڳʦܵһǰδеĳ
ϾǸʥش˰
һƶ쾳еľڳϫУȴ񲻿һżƵģݺ
⼫ص߸ڳ˵֪ΪЩʥش̫ʶѰ̫ǿˣ
ѰĴŷзɫɫվǴţȫûĿô𺳡
ԺӦòѰȻ̤Ϲǿľ۵;
һϵĽϰп
ǰЩ죬йѰɱλ־ʿϢʱ¹ѧԺԺҲֻһ
ӣѳ̤ۣͬߣڶ쾳Уɳ޵У
ĿһĻЩϰʶʲôо֮·ʲôһе
ƾ츳ڣյطྪޣж಻ǰҲעһ
ϷŪЩһôнϰɫ졣
Ѱֵڣ䳡ſʥشˣÿ˶Ǳһ߷ɣƨɿ
ⲻϷŪʲô
ܹ쵽һĲ򵥣ϾһǿߵƨףŴζ쵽һɾ̫ˡ
ƫƫأѰؾͰ쵽ˣ⵹ǴӲֳѰʵкεֲ֮
Ҫʥؽ𣿡
̨ϣϹɫֻ࣬ʣһˣѰʱŭ֮࣬Ҳ㷡
ǣߵͬһߵƨɿһѿ̬ſڵϡ
ϹҲΨԼȺ󳾣Ǽֱɱܡ
в
Ѱһ̤
һ⣬ȴϹƵȼӽֻʶػסβ
ȫʱЦ
һ֮ǰӲӵģ罾ҫۣεȵİͽڣȴŵȼӽ˫ֻΣ̫ⷴˡ
ѰҲЦˣЦúζ
ϹѲףųѪƵǺޱȣݶҧ顣
񣬻Ӳ裡
㡭̫
Ϲ𳹵ŭˣʧȥǣŭҪѰƴ
Ͳһˡ
ѰȵľʱͬҲԥ֡
ס֣
ɾʱһϵĴ쳹һӰ䳡һ
һ»ҷߣһ֣ͱϰϳʥһλ
˶ɫ䣬ʶֵЩˣʥصĴﶼҪֹһС
ʱŭͷϹһʶԼڵþˣغͶǸһļһƴҲܡƨɿ֮衭
أ
ϹĿѣðǣѰǲܲˣɳɲǼ䣬Ϲ͸оƨһʹܿƵط
ɶ񣡡
ԸܵһĻǷˣϹǰһ󷢺ڣĶˣ˻ûڵأͻ˹ȥ
Сӣ
ۻҷѾִһĻɫһޱȣӰͲֱͣӳѰɱȥ
ڣϲ㣬ӵƣһĳֳǧƣҪѰ֣
һɲȫ𺧣ʦɫ䡣
һж̫ˣû뵽Ѱ᲻˼һУϹ֡
ͬҲû뵽λʥصĴҲմ˹ϣһִֱӶѰ֣
ҪֹѾ
䣡
ȴ̨ϣѰͫҲȻУܵһǰδеѹ
Ȼ塣
ڶһɲȫת籡񱻴߷˼£ӨӨӲӣʳðĵɫΡ
ƣԨݷѾõĴ
䣡
һӡѰ۶覵ɣһֲãΡĴǴϡ
ӡ
һ̣ײȻ쳹䳡ÿһ򣬿ֲನɨһѷ졣
һ̱飬м䣬̳
һЩʵѧɫ԰ףѪҿһЩϰʱסֻ»ܵصĴ
һֲ֮˹
̳УͼѰӰһΣܿƵص˳ÿһ̤£ǵһΣѵı
˳ѹѳϸѷ죬Ӷ
ʱѰɫֻ΢΢ף۽ӿĶս֮⣬ǵûˣƺͶ־ǿʢ
ٿ棬ۻҷҲǻ˻Σû˲ȻһУռơ
ֻǣɫȴԵһ˿ɵζȻû뵽һ쾳ܹ꣬סĺŭһ
ǳеһʦѿˡ
ۻҷ߿ʥصĴѰȴȻܹסԷһ
Ե̫ˣ
ȥĻֻ¶û˸š
ֲø˲Ᵽԭ̣ǾٽϷһԣ
ۻҷɫӿ亮â˵ʱӰһһγ
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680 
һ־е۷
ѰԤУɱȡӯλ־ʿ˽⡣
ʶڸղһУѰʶۻҷߺܲ򵥣һλ־еĶ
⵹µģµǣۻҷϵԲԶԶȵ˿ɱȡ
ǡȱɵӰ졣
½гɾ֮׵۹԰һĴУǵĵ;Եȱݣ֮ӵ;־ߣԲһ
ǰѰ˽һ㣬Ҳλ꺣־̤۵;ʶȱ֮£ʿӰε֮
ҲֲһֻҪ׷콾֮ԻȻ뿪ǰŻС
׷ģǺ½粻һĵ
һ㣬ؼġ
Ҳۻҷ֮ǿԶԶȵ˿ɱȵĸڡ

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Ѱûü룬ۻҷѾչڶιǿʢ
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Ѱ˵㣬ԺҲмӡ
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Ѱȱ½У̤۵;֪Ǳ츳ε֮ˡ
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ԾҲ޵ĲֱͣԵǰӦҲ˵װɣ
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С壿㡭ôҲˣ
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ǷܸһˣѰǰֱ̩ӵʳ



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ӤӤڣӵһλеһ츳ԵıԴ
ҲӦò³ˣֱԴдԨ񷣡
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ֻǣϹʱһЩ˶ʥӡ塢ԼһЩµȣȴԲôһ˿
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һֱĬѰڵǣĿⶢҡ
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ϢһϽǶΪ֮𾪡
ˣϳӵ飬ڵ۹еһηŻӾʲôŻõŭ
û֪
Ȼ¹ѧԺЩԾһʦҲѰѾŻӵıϣѰһ
ϾԾѰ˿Ҳڻõŭ
ΨѰ࣬Բԡ
ֻѰ֪ϢʱҲпŻӹȻ̩ԣֻһˡ

̩Լ׼׵ѰǱϴķˣ̩һ뿪
߱Ѫս
⾿Ǹʲôط
·ϵʱѰһֱ롣



683 ߱Ѫս 
źˣ·ϣ̩ʡ
Ѱͷ˴뿪ϵıֻһѹһУˣһҡ
װŴĸ߽龧һҩ
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ֱ䡢װһѪ«ԼЩõһЩĵȱϴķ塣
Ϊ̩Ľ߱Ѫսλһλ棬һд౦޷á
ؼǣ߱ѪսУǲģ
߱Ѫսǵ۹һսɱǰߣͬҲǵ۹ܹһսϣػ۹ǧ֮á
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ܼ򵥣ǵ۵İţֻҪ»ͻ;۹Ϳ˳ظּȫıӡ
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Ѱһ㶣У
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˵ţͷ֣жɣ֮ǰ߱Ѫս԰ȫһЩһҹСӿɾ͵Ѱɣ
ѰĬƬ̣ǰҲϣ뿪ʱ䣬ٷǰʱˡ
˵Ǵλ꺣ϴķּΣ顣
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СӣһҪһЩǱ¾ϡšķǮɲûˡ
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һӶǰԻӺдֱ֣Ӣһ˵ΰˡ
·ˣˣ
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У̩ⲽͷߣ֮ǰӦÿԸϵӪء
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ֱҪ뿪ʱ̩̲סʵ֣һЩףΪִҪ߱Ѫս
Уɲ㣬ңң֮񷣬̾Ϣǧҵ۹һֱĴݲкƻÿһ꣬սϵĵ۹ж̫ʹۣŻ̫֮ƽ
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СͷЦİɣѰͷ⣬ûܸԸʱѰЩڻء
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һض˼СŮڳ˯УҲ֪ʱ
ֱУϸҲͬһֱڱչش

أ
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ѰУ鹭һңƬİС
̧ĹˣͼػҰҰããȺɽ֮Ǵݲ߶Ļ档
ϣѵʬûڻҳʯУһɻѪȸζ
أݼšѹĵĻɫɫʡ

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߱Ѫսҿһ㾿пѪȰɣ
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෴֮ճ֮ڣΪҵ۹֮Ӫء
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ڶ仰ǡ
Ϊɶϣسʸ֮ģ
ԣѰѡڴϼС



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ؼû۷Ҫץκһ˿ʱ
ѪϢ͸Ϣò֤һʱ䣬ƬУ˲ֹһѪս

һǰУѰһ߹۲һ·ĬĬԼķʽȥ֪Ƭֲɫʵ߱Ѫս
У߬һ߽龧ʱ̲Լ·ĵĺۣܲѰȴ֪һսԲһ˿ͿܵĽ
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ѰСǰУûãһƬ鲼ʬ
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׼ÿ죬ϳˣսѪȣȻʶϹʵǸӲ硣

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ʱֻʣֻ麣ΪġʿֻǴ˿̵һɫɸ

ѰûзϻоһӲӵǺӣһָɾķʽնһͷ­һͻȻʼת˲Ļս
ֻǣѰЩƣݶͷ
߱Ѫս
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685 Ӱ֮
ٴǰʱѰұùࡣ
װսƷн˵ݣˮ˵۾˵ǻ˵ı۰򡭡
ЩλԴнǸԵͼڡ
ǿ߶ԣͼĺ֮أͺñߵĵбԴ
ҲΨиЩ֣ȷһĴС

һӺ
ѰһȺǿߵ
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һɱת˲Ļ϶һƬһƬѪʬѰУֶһѪܵľ
ڽʱУѰ½򱻶ʮˡ
̸϶սΪһܹвѰĶ֣ʶԱưѹɨһ⡣
еսƷԽԽ࣬ѻСɽˣѰľȴ𽥱Щء
ʶЩ
ǰ۹Ӫص·;ϣһ·ģǵ˵ټĵ۹ߵӰҲȫǱɱʬ
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˽ƣ޷Դ⣬һ·ϵУѾʶпѪȵսϣ۹ߵĴȻˡ
Ѱ֪֮ƾԼһݵظıһС
ΨһܹģǾܶɱУ̶ȵԼȻ󡭡


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ڻߵĴɨصĻҳߵ졣
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ǰеѰȻͣ½ŲӰһͳһǳǳĹС
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Ѱ磬һ鹭ȫţһƬ꣬ǲͬ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭ̶ıըر俪ѷ죬ʯ顢ձ˺ѳһ϶
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ѰҰУȴһĨӰƬ˸ٶȿȣȻ鹭ѽ
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ѰӰʧɽնڵ棬Ȼƿһɲľ޴ѷ죬Ŀġ
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ͻȻ䣬һɽֳ֣ѰӰҪӺն䲱
һڻɫͷĥɵķɽɫʵ֣͸ȴɲƿ޼᲻ݣò˼顣

ѰӰûȴ۾һ׼ޱȵǷɽϣʱײ
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ڵ۹ǧУڰ̿еĴԲϰ֮С
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ս֮ʱѰôһ˲䣬ΪԷԼһҲ̤˳ǿ;
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ۣ
ǻӰӵİӰֱ֮ըһ䱬ϧǣɲһ˿ûܽɱֻһֱۡ
ȻˣҲǻӰӾ㤣̶ֻŭһβһִܸС
ʵڲţ۹֮Уʲôʱ򾹶һ꣬Ҳ̫ˣǰû˵
ӣ
Ӱҧʶ˵׼пܳΣա
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Ӱ֮ǿȷ̬ңطսҲѰ׺͹ܡ
Ѱ̽ɱ֪֮УкεӺյˡ
߱ѪսУţֻ۹ӪһԤ
ΪԷһλͨɱ̿ͣ
Ѱ׻ȥˣ֪ޱȵ߱ѪսϣҲϧ

һ磬翲ɲ⣬ת˲䣬ԷըѪɽ
ӰӲҽУʹǰڣȥ
Գɲ׷ɱҲǱյ
÷ֿ־òڣʱʶνǿ;Ŀ¡
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ৣ
ѰӰ˸ǰ壬ԷѾҪ֧Ųסˣʱǻɱʱ
ڰ;ϣѰȴ͵ȻֹЩɵԶ
ģ
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䣡
ҲѰ뿪һɿֲޱȵϢƬһ׼٣ɫ䣬ɲľ硣

һһӰݣɫڣŹҰߣٿȻ֡
ŰըޱȵĻӰӣɫ࣬бһԺ˵Ĺ
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ֻɫȴǲҰޱȣ͸ϢҲ;ƿݵĵزʱᵹһ
Сҵң˭Ҳ
Ӱҧ͸źɫ
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ڣȴˣ֮ܵңɥ֮Σβ
ذһһ𲻿ɣ
ȻǱȺ֪ҲΪ֮𺧣
ǰǾ֮еλȻصģǰ츳Ļȴ㱻ɱ˭ܲ𺧣
һ뵽ԼһЩ߾;һ亹ɫҲѿ޲̳ȥǵ˸ɱˡ
ţ֪߱ѪսĿģ޷Ҫɱ¾̤ľ۵;
Ӱһ˵ڽ죬ҿˣҲ˾۵;ǵԳһ֮޵ڴ˾У
˵бȵɣҪģĶ֣Ψлɱһ̤۵
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סֻϢҶ֣ҵĴ£ҾԲ㣡
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˵ţһӣԸˣȥɻСļϸϸ飡



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ͨͨһЩԹ򵹣Ǻ죬˫ϥϷ꿦졣
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˵ţЩǸȻؿѰֵֻֻ飬ȴѯǰ


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¬ͥһܺݹȥ߱Ѫ˵ױƼţ뽫Ŀ
ùһ΢΢һһīüëʱ
ֻܺһ仰ƽ£չˡ



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¬ͥҲһͷ󣬳ɵܲ򵥣ԲŻᱻ߱Ѫս
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Ѱеͷ۵ǣΪоԲزҪͻƶϾҲֻһ֮ң
Ѱ޺ĸ߽龧֧ţһ֮ңעȵ컹ѡ
ˣһʱĥΪ׬ȡ㹻龧ٿǽͻƵҲ١
Ѱһϡ
ϣСڤĵڶ󾳽硰±䡱֮ͻƻвپ롣
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ӵ䵽ھűطУƿء
ˣԪеġʽʽʽܶѱѰȫƿأѰֻǡԪϰ벿طаˣ
֮ԪƪлиǿĴУ
źǣѰڡͨؾҲƪھʲôʱܹƪԼȷ
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дƲ⣬̻ľƪУȻŹ
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ҽˮ֮ͻ֮ʱͿٶǰͨؾдأϣʱ򣬿ԽԪƪ̻͡ľƪȫõɡ
ѰૣԼ޷֤һ㣬ͨؾ̫أǶ쾳ߣٲǰʲôҲĳ
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ֱڣѰû˵һֱӵСͨؾޱȵãԿ֮ڣ
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ӵСɫ沿絶丫̰㣬һҰԶ
˿һ΢΢ţӿžâѰտƬ̣Ȼϸָ⣬Ѱ°ͣ˵Сİɣҽа̣Ժ㣬ʲô鷳Ա֡
˵գתȥýһͷǳɫ̷ڳзһ˵Ķطɡ



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Ѱע⵽ЩУе۹Զսе۹ӥսҲСӢս
ǷɶڵͿգһƯĴ½ԶããսкХȥԵ쳣׳ۡ
ͬʱӪҲɢڻۣȺͬ飬Ÿʽңװ
ǾһһˣλĿҲܴ⣬ΪɱˣȡսƷԴ˶һĲƸ
ν󣬸߱ѪսðյģǵѪĺݽɫûһѰɫ
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¬ͥ˵ţָָԱߵѰԴƽȴһɲݾܾζ
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ѰĬĿȴ¬ͥ·˵Ұŵ
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ʶ˿̵ѰʱҲС
ѰɫһڣŮô׼ԼСˣ
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̣ȰԺˣֹǸСһѧ竣ֻƾԼݣȥȡռ˵ľˣǵ۹Ѫ棬
̸֪ʶѰˣԴǶһĨεıġ
Ѱ¬ͥһ𣬲ҪǵжУʶΪ϶ĳŷӵܣȡģ̫ѿ



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ӻ䣬оһЦ
Щ˪ӶŵĳԱǵɽĥĽɫ߱Ѫսƾһ»ڣȻʲôŷӵܡ
ȻҲֽ̫ɫϾǻҪ¬ͥԷ
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¬ͥһųͨ˵סӦĻҿɲϣʲôء
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Ѱż̬֮֮ͷ


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ұúᣬȴȵڵͿƽأٶ̸϶죬Ҳ
߱Ѫսжɶϣɲķա
ֻǵͿշɶݣҲʲôв
Ѱһ·϶ھĬܸо˰̣˶Լļ붼ЩųԶ
⵹ûʲô֮Ըж޷뿴һΪ߱Ѫսˣͨսɱġ
һܹؼ
Ѱէ߱Ѫս˽ֻһ֪⣬ͨǿɶǾḻˣֵѧϰĵط
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еڶңе׼սǰʣеڷͰŴ˴жľϸڡ
ͨͳԦһУһǶȵָӹ١
ͨǵ̸ԼԴвй¶ϢѰҲ˽⵽߱Ѫս顣
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ѰԼĿǰҪģ߱Ѫսһ;飬ΨЩԼ߱ѪսлøԶһЩ
ΨѰüǣԴӼ֧飬ĵ̬һֱԵúܶӡ
ģӣоΪΪᣬڵ۹Уһ׿ˡ
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Ѱֹ˵һЩ̵Ļʲô۹Ѫ桱ѿĶ桱ȵȵȵȡ
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ȻԱߵİ̿ˣֻҪ̲סƾͳɹˣȻͻô˻ݺһ١
̣ʲôôҷɻˣԵЩŭ
֤Լǻˣͱͣ俴ȥȻġ
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ԱЩ׷׿ȰֻǿѰĿųˡ
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Ѱ̾˿ҿɲôҸҿ϶ǸĻᣬԻ᲻һǺݵġ
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ΪҪôͲıۣ˶ѰȤ
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С˳졣
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ģעԴǡͨüǳһ䡣
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һʮʮ竣Ҳһͷǿ竣
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ͨƺҲЩŭˣҵȷܿˣǲӦ͵ڵ¬ͥĻԺߺӪУܵ𣿡
˵¬ͥһ仰ȡκʱ˭Ҳٻȡˣ
ͨͷһЩԱԳĬˡ
ΨԷѵҲʹѰΪһеģȫѧ競棡
סжУʧܲҪҪ֤λֹӰȫӪأ
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ĵķŭԼƲסȥǿɺ޵С
ڷУںͰѰȻ֪УѾһ˷ָġӵܡ



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ѰҲһɣܹȫع۲쵽սı仯
ͨЩ˪ӶųԱսϸڣҲѰһ˿ؾ۵ס

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ͨһ֧Զľ飬ĬսֶһƵǺݲӡ
ǺͨΪһ־ʿս֮ǿᣬ֮ȡӯЩҪǿ˲ֹһ㡣
ΨһȲǵģеϵװˣֻͨɫ޷úͨӳȫܡ
Ҳܺ⣬ǳϵŷȱıװ
ͨͲˣֻһ֧Ӷŵ죬߱ѪսУӵеĵ̺ͲվޣҲԶԶ޷ȥϵŷе߱ƴ̺Ͳ
ͨǸ˲ĸ֡Ѱпһ䣬ž˵֮
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ϸһĨĵĳĽ֮ɫ
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ܿ죬սͨʤֻԱˣཻڴˣǵջǲ
ȫߵ֮󣬻õսƷѿԶһĸȾ

ۡǽ¶ϲɫ
ֻһ̺ȻʵͷεľǷҲ÷λֹһݣ
һ仰ԭϲõյȻ޴棬Щ˪ԱɫԱЩĿ⿴ͨ



694 Ͽ֮
ȺͨڣѾλֹӲǰϿȡ·;ϼ񵽵ľĿķݶ
Ϊ˱ðػõһЩľٷָһݣҵһ
ԱҲ׷׿ڣԼ̬ȡ
ڳ԰ʳģһַԱܵų⡣
ͨüɱУɴ˿ҲеͷۣһǸԼͬ飬һĹӸ磬мҲ
Ƿľǣ޹»õԼ־ǡ
ѰԹۣʱҲЩŭˣһ·ϣųͱĵҲˡ
ڣһЩƨԼ浱Ѱռ˵ˣ
ֹӣϢŭ
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ͨǵһ亹ʶղ뿪ƱػᱻһλӰеİǿͻϮǺɾͲˣ
ѰܹһУҲúͨǾΪˣоѰ˼ˡ
߰ɣ
һ̣ڣǿ߽ɫ࣬ƳˣԸٶɸꡣ

شǵģѰһĹҡ
㡭
ɫ䣬ŭ˼£Сѵˣǲݣ
Ǻǣţһ¶ѡ
ȴѰȻһЦи˹ҡ
ʱǱˣòƲסɱ˵ĳ嶯СҲ̫ɶˣŴϷˣǣ
ѰȴƮȻȥźͨǣԶϿڴȥ
ҪҪ֣ԶԶؿţǽһͲʣɱơ
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Сƾһѹɱһͬ飬ش׳ˣ˾ôﳤȥǼֱһܴ裬ȥΪЦ̧ͷɣ
ǰѹһ˲õıһǿĿڡ
һ仰ʣ찴಻סˡ
λˣֲµġѪ󡯻ڣͿܷ߳ȥˡâ˸
ǿ߽һ
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ôɣѾ뿪ĻᣬǱСǺǣǾֻܹԼá
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ǿҲ¶΢ЦǶѰе鹭ޱȵļɵܲ־ѰˣȻ֮
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ʱǿ߽Ŀ˸գİ˭˭ģ
һ仰Щǿ߽Ȳˡ
ֻǣԤеһĻûг֡
䣡
ͼѰǵִﻢϿڵĴǰʱһĺǱǸŵѪ󣬾ֽͬ㣬ѰһƸĳһ޴Ŀ
Ǿ͹ԣǶݺݳ鴤ҧסԼͷ
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ǹһƴʦֲõĴǿ߶ƿһ쾳꣬ܰ쵽һ
Ŀ࣬Ϊۻˡ
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λڣ
ϿڣѰŤͷ΢Ц֡ͺͨһƮƮȻȥ
ʲôѪ󣬾ϵһྶͥɲıʰȴǻͨģѰʦУֱٳֶƵ
ɶ񣡡
ףǿҵĲӿͷǲ㶼̲ס׷ȥ˺Ѱ
ؿŵȥǸоʵǡĥˣ

ֱӻϿ뿪ͨһֻĸоǸоã̤ܲʵ
ǿѰĿ⣬Ѻͬû˴ǰͱģһ𺧺;η
ǵȷ޷һ竵ĹӸ磬һգۣһˡ
һ뵽ѰڻϿУһˣƾһѹȫĸǣĶڲڣ㱲ѡ
ӹɣ֮ǰѰ֪ȫˣһ¾һ竣Ҳһӵս竣ǱѰ
С
ֹüΣڹҪʱȴֲףʱ졣
ȻѾǰǰ㣬٩ƵĳƺѰΪСˡ
ѰЦЦû˵
˿ûڻϿʱȺеɣüͷɫЩһ·ɶݣͣ
ƲⲻЩһȻԣò˶ãֻ¾ͻ׷ɱѰȻڡ
ͨһȻɫ䡣
ǳôĿɿܻңǻڻϿУΪ˾ȡеĳֲ֪ıȻй¶
ͨһ侲ҹƲǼȻʦڵػڻϿȣô󣬿϶ӦԮΪɱڣǱȻټ׷ɱǡ
ͨս߱Ѫսˣһ֮ḻҲѰɱȣһУܿܶ侲˼
˽ɫ䡣
˵ؾӪ·;ңԶʱڸ޷Ǳǿ׷ɱǺȴ̫ء
ͨü̾Ϣ鷳ˣϿȷԲǧ֮أûһȫ֮أܶʱڳΧ򡭡
û˵꣬˼Ѿ¶š
һӣԭϲõ鲻ɣ±óء
ô죿
顣
˵˪Ӷ߱ѪսѪսǶСģɱ޷ǰһնӲȡ
ǶΨг۹ʽߴܺЩͥ
ߣȥǣǡ
ѰĬƬ̣Ȼڣһ仰ȫΪ֮Ȼ
УҪһߣ
ͨԥ֮ǰ·;ϣǶѾԲסѰ飬ܹҲѰͦһ
ʱѰһȥƴ
Ȼ㣬սǿɴ˹Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ѰѾһսӮǵأңһε˼ȻѰһȥðա
ΨԵúܳĬ˵뿪Ͽʱһ·һֱܳĬ
ԭҲ򵥣ѰչֳľսĴʵ̫ˣֱڶ޷ܡ
ѰĿһһɨеҲΪοܹǸıԴԼ̬ȣҲԼһ
ֻǡ
жᣬٸı⡣
ôˣһжһЩҪģץһʱ䷵Ӫء
ѰһԴ岻ݴǣƾͨȰ裬Ҳ޷ı䡣
գֻܽܡ
ˣȥ¬ˣ˵Ѽ㹻ľȻ᷵Ӫؼ
ѰһӰһƮȻȥߵĸɾ䣬ˮ

Ƿֹһ
ĿѰ뿪ͨһᶨ飬ֵȥ
˽Եͷɫׯ֪࣬ûѰ˪Ӷſɾͳ׸ˡ
Ψвͬһ·ϳĬ̫ã˿̵ĿѰ뿪̲סǷһҿûң
ɲǼ䣬Щţͨɫñ֮кâ䣬ģ㻹
ӲŲӣҳϣȷɽƾЩıҶĿܣ
ͨŶһջĿ⣬ٶ˵ֻѾȷӪأͽĽˡ
壬֪ôƫִǸ
ģȥͷǸղŵĻɾ̫ˣֹӣ˭лĻ᣿
ǰȰοֹڰȡߵĻᣬĶ飬޶ã
ҪǸȥĿðͽʲôƨֹӣߡ
㡭
첱Ӵ֣ԱҲüΪ̬ЩֺͲ֪ôˡ
ߣʱһģڻϿʱвʱ˭ŵɫ࣬űˣ
Ȼߣʱ㱻ɱҲһɲɫ࣬һҪĳªģ
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һ仰úͨǽɫ΢䣬ĵĿⶼһˣһĨɡ
Ͷ
Ǳѵ۹ͷ
Ҫ˵㡭Ѫˣŭڣű죬ҧгݴȡ
ˣӪ֮ǰЩҪᣡͨȣɫ࣬ʱסˡ

ͬʱѰӰ˸ǰвãĿɨܣͣһ߿ݽߵɽϡ
ӰվȣɫͱЩ԰ü両ֳһĨײ
գβȥ
Ѱһƨڵϣ˫ָ߬סһ߽龧һʼȫ
֮ǰڻϿȣպգƾһѹȫΨԼÿһʱĺķжྪˡ
Ҳܲǵȿֲܣ
ʱǾǿӲһЩѰҲֻͻ᳹;ƿݵĵز
ƾ鹭ܣѰսþҲһͻɱһս龳ǿߡ
һУ³
ʱ鹭ڲƺĳ־Ѻ͹ǰδеܱñǿһء
ѵͻϿһصıйأ
һץʱ䲹Ѱһ˼


699 ־粨
Ѱϸ䵱ʱ龰
ʱ鹭ĹʱܵһֺͬϢ
Ѵӳоѣħŭƣ׼ʮء
ˣ׹ɵĹܣӿֳ׹ڤѪ̺Ŀɲֺ뾰
ԣ
뵽⣬Ѱ͵ע⵽Լһϸڡ
ǾԼ鹭ͬʱһΰӰԶż֣Լһ乭
ʱƺһĹ϶ƲڣϸܵĻȴԼǴǻϿĿڴ
Ѱӿǻ۰Ĺ
ȻˣǻϿǼ֪ıº鹭ûйϵҲȻ߱ĳ鹭ı仯
֮ǰѰ֮ԾҪһ˶ϺȥǣһǱпֵܳ׷ɱаͨǻֶ뷨
ҪԭǣٻػϿȿ
һУ鹭ر仯ֲϵ
Ҳ˵Щֻƾܹô龳ǿ߻һ㣬ǻϿֵı϶ˣ
Ѱʶпݽߵ߱ѪսУ벻ܡ
ǻϿȣ˭ʢǸֺ֡Ŀʯ֮⣬ĳδ֪صı
ݽߣ棬ŵصı£Ƿ񻹲಻ɻ֪ܣ

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ԶϣһӰٶȼ죬һĨĿĽâ˸С
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ŶôоѾֲסˣʶŲò£أƤһ鴤¶ɣĿɨܣ뷢ʲô
ѰЦģⷽԲ֮أֻһˣοԸЩҰ𣿡

εʻ㣬أɫʱһĿѣС黹޿ְ
һ뵽ѰڻϿȴһĻĻһڣɵ
С飬̫ˣΪһǿ鹭ͿĿˣ¸㣬һѶ˵㣬Щͬ飬Ҳ޻֮ᣡ
أɫɭȻޱȣȻЩһԸָһ·Ϳϲˡ
ŶѰüëһϣ
򵥣ǰѹתߣΪ㡣أ̹ȻڣԼ鹭̰
ǺǡѰЦˡ
Цʲôͷһѣ㻹úܿЦ
أɫˣʳˮȳ⣬㲻ӦҲԣɾ޻֮ˣ

Ѱֱ鹭ңӸ£ңңأƾһͷҲвң
ɲǼ䣬أɫ䣬˲üƽѰӰһͳԶԶȥ
ѹ̫ɲˣش׳еλǿߣˮһǿҲֱӻɱ
£أоɵ֮ģɲұ֤ԼܵסѰһԣԥˡ
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̫ˣ
һ쾳ѣȴƾһѹǿǰҫַϣֱôң
С飬ҵţ
أһʵŭ𣬾Ťͷԭ·ˣѰһ£
Щϼһﶼ˵ӣ⵹Ǻ顭
Ѱ鹭ǷһĨζĻȡ
ʵղ㶯鹭ҲٲܷӳڻϿʱơ
ΪҲܼ򵥣ȱ־Ѻ͹
ʵҲѰᶨطϿһ˵ͷ
ৣ
ѰӰһͳأӶݵķ׷ȥŲæһλˡ
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УأԽ߬Ÿ߽龧һ׷ϣһ߼ȡȻ޷Ѿ㹻
ʣǧŰٿ߽龧㹻һӲˡ
ѰĬĬ㡣
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ʶʱص龧õ⡣
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ԶأһŤͷѰԶԶ׺ںߣһӾͷƤ飬㲻š
Ϊʲô׷
ѰЦúܲãҲܷϷʡ

أ÷ζըˣǿߣڽһҲһ쵱Ĵ۳߱Ѫս꣬ɱ˲֪ٵ۹ߣºպ
ڣȴһ쾳깷һ׷ţ˿ǼֱǶˣ
ǼɵѰе鹭Ѳһзȥɱˡ
˵ˣҾΪƫƫҪӣСүվסһԡ
Ѱȳ⣬ʵЦأĵҲ̫СˣԼһµûС
̽һ£ҲᷢԼ鹭Ѳ߱Ŀֲ
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أÿˣȴȴ˵ɵĻԵЩ
վס
ѰС
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ڽһ׷һУһһٱ˴˺ȳвһغ׷ɱȴƫƫϲС
˿ȻĿɿڴпһڵĺݽɫһһ桭
ܿ죬أԼҲԾ࣬߷ԼεݣȴһСȥԼĸ飿
أ޲óԼһͣԼôˣҲ̫סˣȻһС÷ҡ
ҲڴʱԶȻһأôֻˣɫѿ
أһ̧ͷͿһ۾ߴ󣬻һʯͶɵ׳˶꣬ԶһؿԼ
һǿ߷
أʱϲšɽ򡱳ƺŵĴ֮ȡѪҪ֣
С飬ˣϵûܾȵˣ
أ̲סЦһ·ܵıͷŭһȫõͷš
ֻǵعͷʱЦȴʱ̣ЦҲȻֹȵȡСأʲôʱ򲻼ˣ
ͬʱӰɽ˵ķ¶һĨŹ֣̲סʵأôЦˣ
أǺݺݳ鴤Ƥ࣬ͷһ͹ŤЦЦ谡


700 طϿ
أƵѪ
һ·һ쾳׷ɱѾ㹻ۣڷǰܣһЩ鲻סˡ
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üӰɽ㣬ʯĹƼѹ
أһ֮ǰѰ˵ˣȻû˵Լηӵϸڡ
ˣȴѲ³߰˰ˣɫʱùŹ֣̲סЦ
أģЦƨûʶСеĴ󹭣ʶˣ֤Ц㣬ʵǿ˰ɣȴСһش㵱ڻڻϿ
Ŷһɫô˵С̵ģǱصİ׹Ǵˣ
أҧгݣѹҵĿǱòԮ
һѹǹȴһ쾳ӵ֮ǶشѹǹȻ
ƣСӳֵĵص·ߣȥɱ
ȻҲģҪ׷ɱѰȡ鹭
أܾᣬȺ޲÷ȥɱѰֲԸѰеİ׹Ǵ󹭡
ղŻڸӦ뿪ĲԶأջǾһжǰѴС
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Ƴһۣҵһ䣬˴ֹ֣ң⻢ϿܣҲ˶ٵļһҲѰЩټʵңǰѴ󹭿ɾͺпܱ˶ߡ
أһݣģҺ޲ýСǧУԲ
жɣݹһһλϼһ㣬ϿǼ಻죬ͻ֣ȡɱ꣬ڱ֮ǰء
ü䷺һĨɱ
أҲٳɣ֮ǰ·ַȥʼѰѰټ

಻Ҫ𣿡
ڷͽأ뿪ûãԭλǧ֮һƬʯУֳ˿˿ƻõϼ
ϼɫȫΧΪһ壬ϸԷֱ档
ѰӰ֮𽥴ϼиֶ
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⥣Ϲޣ³ϼڱһ磬һ࣬Ȼ޵ߣԿ
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˷һʩչӰƾʧϢ棬ΧͬΪһ壬ȻǹһԿڣ
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ȻͨƲ⣬Ϊ˷ֹϿей¶ѳ֣Ҫ׷ɱЩ۹ߡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣׼˻ϿȵķӰһͿȥ
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˺ܶ࣬Ѱһעȥһһ
ѰԣʵĿģҲûа취ǾȥֻϿȣ
Ͽбｫǿߵ﷢ңЩǰ׷ɱͨǵĵˣȻһУػϿȽԮ
һҲ͵ڼ߽һ׷ɱͨȡطӪصʱͻᣡ

ϿУЦһΣ£ʮλ龳ǿһһʵԲңСܻţǲŽЦ
áѪһλĺݽɫ˿ȴɫ԰ףü͸֮ɫ
֮ǰһһۣһغȻǴ˿̣ܵشҲûϡ
Աߵ׳ɫͬ࣬ҧгݣңֱӱһñ飬ֻʣ°
ܻ޸ȴԪˣʱڸܳ׻ָ
İɣ˴Ӫг˶Ȼ۹е־ҲԺɨοһ쾳С飿
һ࣬λ龳ǿ߷Թ
ˣʵҵģûһļһǺѪѣܹŶԵúܲ˼顣
ܴ谡߿ƽ
ǿǿߣݺ۳߱Ѫս꣬ȴһ쾳شȥĻΪһЦɡ
עѻҲΪ񡣡һԵ׳к˽Գο
䣡
ڴʱϿڴ޴ı𣬰Ųҽ⻢Ͽõ
˺£ڵܵشһɿµơ
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Ǹոձ֧ԮģʶϵѰҲ֪ǰ֮꣬ǰ顣
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ѰɫĮһһУһӲӵǺǰС
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ˣһŵòڣ˻ħһ˶ѣȴԵ̫ɲ
ѰִﻢϿʱԭҲСޱȣɾ̽ȴ֣ⷢפصĸּڣֻʣһ֧֧࣬ɶѰԣȴв
ѰһжϳԷĸӦöǰ׷ɱͨǣңԷҲԵû뵽Լɱһǹ
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죬ѪУ
һĻĻѪݣЩŵñͷܣѪС
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찡ħͷֻˣ


701 ֮ϲ
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˵ģֻƾѰһ̤ƴʩʩȻ뻢ϿһĻǵ
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в׼ǿߣ߱ѪսҲǿɫˣѰǰȴ߹һ
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Ƭ̺
ϿǽһƬʬ鲼ѪȾ죬ϰʬС
һĻĿģ̫ˣ߱ѪսУƵһСģս
һУȴѰһΪ
Ȼߵȥĸ࣬ѰʼնûҪĵ˰ɢϢȥЩ׷ɱͨ˵ǿߡ
ѰʼɨսƷ
ַܿ죬ѶװľңнսƷԶһľ
ֻǣܿѰͷˣ̫󣬲һ֮࣬޷ôﱦ߱ѪսУҪ˳ЩսƷӪأͬһСĿ顣
룬ѰӣҴһȻУϿĿȥ
׳С񻹶УңѰɲ˴˴طϿȵĿġ
һδ֪

󶴼䣬ʪ·쵽صǡһԹ
һ룬Ѱܵһ˵Ĵ̹ɱ֣ȴڣ
Ѱë׵ȻҲȻԳһÿµɱ
ңǰУӴɢ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ͳ׽һ˿Ϣ
ɫǰС
;ۣݺύһУע·
Ѱ룬ܵһƴ̹ɱҲԽԽɲ̵Ѱʹ
Ѱͫ΢УطȻ򵥡
ۣ
ûãѰȻ磬һѴ;һұϣһҽзһѪˮһӰ׹ڵأɱ
һǿߣѰٲϢȴѰǿ̽
ǡСڤһãѰԿһ׽ʵ
䣡
ǰûãгһ׹ǳìݺݴѰʺޱȣϢɲ
ѰҲӰһʧԭء
ۣ
׹ǳì̿գڲԶһѪܵͷ­ն䣬һͷʬȻ׹ء
ѰӰʧ
ʪĵԹδ֪Ĵ̹ɱҲǱе
ֻѰȴƽأһ·ǰУĴɱԱδ֪һ֣󽫶ֺС
ţ
Ҳ֪ɱ˶ٶ֣ѰȻŲһ٣б
ǰУȻӳֳһǹ⣬ҫۣʪ磬һغ嫵
߽˾ܷ֣һ貵ǹ⣬Ȼǽϵĺɫʯ
꣡
ѰöһУһʯСĺɫʯУͼҫ۵ǹ⣬һĽʸУģǧ֮ء
Ǹ֣
ǻϿزʯһֺģǶ׶ⱦĲ֮һ
ͬʱҲԳ䵱սװý飬ֵҲǼ֮ˡ
һС飬ڵ۹Զһң
ڣұϣǸֿʯǶǳͷųԣƻá
ֲҪɳפش˵أǸֿضֵô
Ѱ˼ʱȻͫһע⵽д˿̾طһĨɬĲᵽζʳڼȡһǸ̺
꣡
գ۹򣬶ʯСǸ־ͱɵһĩ飬Ʈ
ͬʱб淺˸һǹ⣬š
ѰͷһĨлǵһβ˱仯ȥȡ
ѵǸڻ̺ĳܹʹɱ
ϣ
Ѱһж㣬ٿȻһұϡ
ʱܹвһƵǳǻɢɬĲ
ұǸֿʯʼĹҲʼٱðڷɿʧл۶ȥ
Ȼˣ
Ѱһֿν֮ϲû뵽
Ҳ֪мȡЩǸֵֻ֮ʲôɱˡ
Ѱһ˼⣬ϣڴ˴鹭ǰ
ִ˴һĨֵĴ̹ɱʵʣѰʶѰٵĵطѾҪˣ


702 ֮
ǰУûãһޱȵĵ¿ռǰ
һ磬տ
ھѰɾ֮أһӴɽʬһ
һͷضɲʬİɫۼף¶һֱ۶ɳִʯ͡
ͷ­ֱһƵģľˡ
һͷѰûޣͷ­֮бһڵļʸ϶ԣʸֻۣж߳Ӥֱʣ޵ʬһȣֱԵϸС
ȴһ֧ͷ­У
Ѱͫһִףһ·֪һĨ̹ɱǴʬ
ëȻ
ɱ̫£ʵʣȻȷӴޱȵȥѰأľһּµΣա
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ţ
˼⣬Ѱ֪У˲ͷһ˿ΣλҶˣǻȥ
ߣС飬Ϊ;ĩ·ֻ׸˲ɣߣ׳к˴ʬ߳
ǿߣͱͱҪ͸ߴһЩɴʱվɽʬԱߣȴԵúС
޿ְѰһС
شǿߣ˿̺޾֮ɫԵú򶨣Щˡ
˵ʱѰ鹭
ǺǣЦ
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׳кҲһԹޣһ龳ȴѰһ嶴쾳Ƶزܴ衣
ϻ࣡
ѰüɱһԷ̫ˣоԾҪսپ
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ɱ
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ûгɣѰתСڤʶиֳڤǻ
ܿ죬һɱͱȹࡣѰЩСڤⲿķĪ֮ˣҲᱻ޸
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ѰкȻ
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Сڤ˿ԳȹѰ꣬ƾҲ޷ٱ
С飬ζǲǺܲܣƾ׺ᣬһɱͻ֣֮ȫû뵽İɣԶЦ⡣
Сӵˣڣѿ֧Ųס׳кҲЦɫԹ⡣
֮ԶΪǰһĻ
һǿ߷ִ˵ʱҲ䶯Ϊ˵ߣֻҪһ¶һ˿ɱͻܵµķɺʹѹ
Ȼ龳ǿߣԳִ
ˣѰѴ˵صʬʬбһ֧ʸˣ
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ҧгݣ޲óȥѰ
䣡
һɿɲɱӿ֣ɫ䣬ղŲ⶯һ˿ɱ˴˵صķɡ
Ӧ죬̾ɱоյػһٵɱ١
Сĵ㣡Աߵ׳к˻£ŵòŭ
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ԭ֮ӵҪ̴˵صɱԸҡֲǴ˿̻޿֡
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һĻͫһ㲻ţɱεȿ°ԵǶ
ڣСȴȥ
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ѰûЩһԺͷ­бһ֧ɫʸһ˿Ĺ
ΨԼܵе鹭˿񱻴̼һһڣһصϢѡ
ܿ죬Ѱڿˡ
һͷ޻ۼ׸ǣһͷʨȴף֫ʮɵմѸɺԵѪա
ͷ­ɫʸ޻бţΨмᴦ˿˿Ƶİɫ
һصϢǺɫʸӿ鹭һ˿޵Ĺ
һɲǲתСڤѰҲȷǵضɱѾ޷Լκһ˿в
ôѵѾǿزԶɫ䣬С
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ԭԤУһ֧ɫʸһǿ󵽲˼ĹűҪȡߣõȴһʱ䣬ֱţſԽ併
ҲЩôפػϿȵԭ
˭룬Ѱĵȴһв̧֣һУ׾ٵضһ֧ɫʸ
Ƿʶŭֱ˷۱ûʲô
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ҲڴʱѰૣϳɫʸϣӡϹʱеĶġ
˼䣡
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λϷýˡ
Ѱ̧ͷȥеĺɫʸһεɱɢ
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬𡢻׳кˣûüӦըһĨ̹ǵɱ飬ѪƮʬǶû¡



703 һ
ߺӪء
¬ͥɫ࣬˫Ŀֱأģ˵ģζҪֹӣȴԼӻˣ浱¬ͥɱˣ
ףҪƷݶһڻŵö²ѣǻͷһμ¬ͥ˿ŭ
Уͨɫѿͷɫ֮ɫ
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¬ͥҲ֪һζǰ취֮ǸϽ˽ȡ
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Ѱ󹭣½شλ龳ǿߣȫʱ¬ͥҲһ
֪Ϊ˸ͨȡʱ䣬ѰȻѡ£ȥǣЩ׷ɱǿʱ¬ͥɫһ䣬Ķ
ֲôصˣȻܻӪС
¬ͥб˺ͨһۣͷ֣ͨǷʱһˣԡѪܻŷӪؼֱһ漣
֪еԵɺ¬ͥʶܹͨһȫΪѰսǣƵˣ
ͨһһҧڵأֹӸģλ¬ԮҪǲ֣ȥֹӣսϣⱲӶκУ
˵Щûõģֹӳ£˵ңｫҪǣۣ
¬ͥһҴҶȥ
ļ٣֪¾Բܵ飬һѰʲôأ߱ѪһؿɾͲùˡ
ｫҪǣۣ
ͨľʶλֹӵƺҪ¡
Ƭ̺ߺӪعߵĽӪУһŭװ¬ͥСĵһ죬͸ͱһ¨ӣǲǵٵɰ׳ˣ˭Сȥսɱģ
ߺӪǵУ۹߽ͣжЩĲｫôˣ֮ᷢŭ
ˣһԶսһǰϿȣ˭ҵʱ䣬ӱǣ
ûãž۾ͦӰһƵģŷơ
ʱӪض䶯۹߱ٵ̤ϵ۹ԶսͳһɱڳӪء
ĿһĻĿ࣬˭ôӣóｫ𼱻ǵظǰȥӪȣ

Ͽȣͷ

Ѱȥ֪֧ɫʱʱһڣ絶ըĴʹ
ͬʱһɲĻӳԺС
ǿһ֧ɫһ¡һһǳը飬촳ɷĩ
һɲĻѰֽű䣬ͷƤ顣
䱬ǳ
ֻʥӵưɣ
ѰӦһĻ֣ͼǿֳһͷһͭӴޡ
޺գǿУ䱳ϵͭ
ɽһĻѰһ˵𺳣ֱϹʱеĴ˵񻰣Եò˼顣
ǿգε׳۹Ž˭ܵϣ
ڣȴޱͭУãã֪ȥ͹̣
䣡
һ֧ɫٶȳ֣ٿȻҪޱϵͭ
գȴһȻصӲʱֲޱߵԣոǳ
浽ʱʱʧ
ѰȴѾһ亹ͷëǸӵкεܰ쵽һ
ǲȻص⣬˭֣֮
ͭǷ񱻻٣
Ѱ֪Ψһ֪ǣһ֧ǿգﲻƣ޼᲻ݵĺɫ˿̾ԼС
С䡱
ֻǣͻеĺɫȣ˿̵ı֮ȴԵù޻һŰϢ
鹭֮֮Ȼĳֹ֮ǰܻ־Ѻ͹ĺӦ
Ѱ
鹭ͨɰ׹ͣѪ֧֮ҹɫΨмͼ֮ɫӶ޻
һһڣѪɫ׺УԵùء
ڻ鹭ʱѰں棬˹Ӧӵ֮׵ļʸܷӳ
ڣ֮ĳ֣ѰȷԼĲ²⣬ЩȲһԣ鹭֮ʱֻᷢӳεȿɲܣ
գѰסֳ嶯㲻Ͽз飬ֻǿ߸ʱȣѲٵȥ
Ѱԭ·أ;ϣұڵĶаγ
֮ǰʱУнұڸǸȫȡեɡ
ֻѰЩʧǣвδԵɱ䣬ҲֻǱǰһɡʸУǻһЩ
Ψһֵóģڶб棬ԼԼظֳһЩصĵƣ˿˿ƣ֣ģϸ۲죬Բ
Ѱȥ֪ЩصʱͬУ̫ģɬˣΪ
ǵȶмȡ㹻Ҫʱһоͻúͬɡ
Ѱ˼

ѰװսƷң鹭ű֮ؿʱʱһС
һʱ䣬ͲǿϢڴ˷ϿΣͲϸ֪ܲ
ৣ
ѰӰһ̤󤲽һĨӰӣٿȻʧԭأϿȥ
죡
ֱ죬ɱξĲ
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һֵڻϿ𣬺ܿ죬һӰͳѪС
кȻнأͷλ龳ǿߣߣһЩǿߣϢԲˡ
ȻЩӦԮǿ
߽Ͽڣͼǽ壬ʬѪǲҾһĻ̼ǽŭŭ䲻ѡ
ֻǻȻûз֣̤뻢ϿȵͬʱҲһ޵ӰһѪ뿪Ͽ⡣
һӰѰ
գͲһҪˡѰ˿
ֻǣӶݣɫ΢䣬˲ӰһͲڸһͰɽײӰУȫתȫϢͬϵңһ˲ͱ䣬ƾһ
ৣ
ͬʱһӰ֣һӰݣڵߣȰ㣬Ѱԭλá

ѰͫȻһϳԷݡ
ڵִ߱ѪսʱɱһӵаѪġӰӡһ̣ȴһɿֲϢƻ
ڣѰһθֲֿܵϢͻȻٵϣ
һλ벽߼ĴڡѶ񣬿ϧǷѾ˼Ҫõı֮С
ѰŬԼƽ֪Σûн
ţ
ǿԭأЩɣĿɨһƲһЩʲô
ֻգҡҡͷֱ߽˻Ͽȡ


704 ʥ
ȥоա
Ѱȴ֣ʱԼ뿪ˡ
ΪƬ򸽽һ֧һ֧糱ˮ㳯Ͽȿ
鷳ˣ
Ѱапࡣ
˿áϢݱ˷֣һжȻᱩ¶ټ

˼Ƭ̣Ѱһҧʱ£Ż
ôʱ䣬Ҳûţó߽龧ĬĬȡղսĵ

Ͽڣ𺧺;ŭ֮󣬳ѱŶѹ֡
λŵİ벽ߣԼأһ龳ǿߣԲߡ
ǸС飬˭ɱֱǹ죡
龳ǿ߷ŭ
ɫҲޱȣѾ֣һ˼ؼʸʧˣȻΪ
ɺޣһ߱Ѫսս꣬Թô׳С˶ɱȥһ󶯵ɣ
֮ǱץסС飡
ԣӽ쾳Ϊѣȴƾһѿޱȵİ׹Ǵ󹭣õҷʧأ޷ˡģǼ
չһһλϹƲ⣬һ֧֪Ϲһλʥµľʥ֮ɲɱߣǱ۹ƿأһԤѣ
һ׷׳Ǻ͸Ѱı˼£޷ȥ
εģ
һֱĬźȻڡ
ԼĪʮ꣬쾳ΪģΪ㡭أڣѰģһ顣
͵أбһĨ硣
ԲĿЩѵǰϵôӣ
ţһλһİ벽ʵɲ֮ڣ
ȴϵһ꣬Եˡ
Ĭãջʵ棬δ죬㺦жϣӡӦ̤㴫˵еľǿ;
ʲô
ȫһ
ǿ;ȻϹʱǾĿߵ;ߣѹһһж֣
ֵ;Ĵ̫ˣ˲˼Ĵɫʡ
ֻǣ˭Ҳ޷׵۹Уᵮһ
ɴӲֹ
֪㱻ѰɱʱЩԡ
ӮȸһλΪһľ뿴ãΪֻҪ̤۵;У㼫ϣΪһλʣ
ɾһλҫޱȵȴ㱻ɱˣβ𺧣

һڴ֮ʣ̽ﷶΧڶһ飬ֵ˵һ˿ټϢ׽
һ̽ӣɰ˳䵱Ĵ̿ͣΪóľ׷Ѱ
ڣЩ̽ӶټڳЩɫѿˡ
һˣԵ޹ʵʧüҪôʩչĳڱϢطߣҪôǻ⸽ţ
ԴնΪһİ벽ߣĻɾкܴ˵
ѣǰ⻢ϿƽڵߣҲҪҾ

ǰΪӻûߣǶ⸽
Щһ
ҹ۲սۼʱƶϣԶˣ֮أȴûһ˿һĺۼֻ֤һ㣬ڸ
âܣԵ֮
ʱһڴܣ¶εɱͺ⣬ǽ챻ˡ
һ꣬ȴǻͷأһԭǶŵı̣
ѣ
ɽƽˣ
ǱߵĿ󶴣Ҳȫˣ
һ֧һ֧糱ˮչжñֶѰϿȸٲȻһڵߵĺݾ̬ȡ
һֱעһеѰüʶѾ㲻ˡ
ǣ
һǿ߷һȺֻǣչжһĨǻ԰էֵĵâƾն
ۣ
ʱ߰˸Ѫܵͷ­׿ա
˶
Զһǿ߲һĻ仯ʱĿѣһ˻
ɲǼ䣬˷𣬾Ϳһ龳ǿ߳߳һɱڡ
ȻС飡
ӷ
ҰУǿѰӰڳԶȫɶݣ˷ǿϲޱȡ
׷
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ಣ
Ѱȫʩչ󤲽ɲǼתǰ۷ĵزһĨõ⣬Ĳ˼顣
赲ǰĵˣɲǼͱ˺ѣȻ飬ֽƵġ
ˣǡһ׶ڵ˴˺ѳһѪ·ȫȫ塣
ӣ
ѰװսƷҶҪˣƴһпӡ
û취ֹһȺ龳ǿߣµǻһλ벽ߴڣ
ѰȻԼʵţҲûпȥһλ벽߶Կĵز
ЦϴߣΪԸ׷ɱ㣬죬ˣϷк԰Ծӣ
űϵӰһƬѹѹƲ㣬¡¡ѹգֱ
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һ֣ԶӶݵѰʱâڱë׵ܵһǰδеΣա

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ţ
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䣡
Ƶĺɫ棬ֱһħͷֲѹ쫷㣬˲ϢǷԲ֮ء
ָܹ⣬һƻҝĻ棬΢ȴΣյĻϢ
֮ףһƣܷپɽӣ
ֻǣų͵һ޷ƵزһĨ¶
⡭
ҰУһʱ俴ԶӶݵѰȴڴʱȻ㡢תһ׹Ǵ󹭡
ֻǣһָ䣬ȴһ֧޻ĺɫʸѪɫļ棬˿ңң׼Լ
һɲͷƤ飬ϣ궼ǿޱȵĲںͿ־塣
ѵǱСߵ֧ʥ



705 һ֮
֮鹭һɲѰе类ˮ㣬ӿ빭֮С
Ѱһ˲յĸо
ڶ쾳Уۼ֮ۺԹڸǵ־ʿμ࣬硣
ڣֻһͳѰҲкȻ
ֻǣңܲ
ѰҧƴУڣ֧Ųסһ˲鹭ױ

֮˲䣬һƽХ쳹ؼ䣬ֳǺӱ顢Ŀɲ
ڹܣճ٣Ѫ澪ˣ
ءաʯ˲𣬻񱩵ҪһһУ
ǳ̫ɲ
һ
رᣡ

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¬ͥʱҲȷˣǰһİ벽ţǱѰһɱ
Ѱ뿪Ӫǰսðգǿɻ̫Ԥϲպ⡣
¬ͥɲٵˡ
ͬҲܿ϶ҽҲȻӦ
ֹӣͱͷΪˡ¬ͥһģѰ
ĥӲݣѰЭʾлʱ򣬱̤ս
¬ͥһֻҪӦͺãѰһС
⣬ȻھӪУҲûѰȻȥе
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¬ͥһиղϲöʱɣɫ粻λСүͲܰһЩôȥе
¬ͥʱͷ
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¬ͥһҧմӦɿ㣬øѰһְ񣬼֣ܲŵе
һ죬һѰǰе䵱ʦְϢ֮󣬶ʱһ
߶еһλɱ벽ߵ콾ͻȻһգۣһλʦ֣
⵹ǴСãǸͲ
߶ţΪϢǼٵģ̫ˣеһʦ֪ϢҲһ
¬ͥϼһҪ
ΣѰӰھеʱһϢڱ֤ģ
һӣߺӪ߶ˣȻģ



709 С
СӵϷ֣Ǻǣܣ
Ѱһеܵԡ
˵ӥʦߺӪе¸أһԾŶеһʦӥʦհ
ͬҲǾеĸˡ
˿̣ӥʦ빺󷽣һ΢ţޱؿеͷҲ̧վǵѰ
һʦԱű۰֣һζıѰϷʡ
ھе⣬ѶҲﲻѣӥʦֱ̫ˣûһ˿ί˵ǣֱӾ;ܾˡ
ֹӿһɱ벽ߵ콾ȴӥʦڣ˭û뵽ġ
ϸһ룬ЩߵҲ⣬ӥʦһλƴʦפߺӪأЩ˲֪еװӵ
ӥʦݺ͵λȷҪѰӡ
һʱԵúܽӲ
Ѱǰ¬ͥ˿ԵúΣҲû뵽ӥʦܾ˼򵥴ֱЩҲס
¬ͥɿһӥʦְֻλѣұֹ֤ӵܹͣʤΣңŵеС
ߣӥʦӱһ̧ͷᡣ
ôĿⶢţȴ˦ɫ¬ͥҲЩ߳ŭϻġ
ѰһϾģ˫ָȤشžеܻһк޹һԵƽ֮ͣ
ֻȴԵúܳƺͽӲ
е⣬ѶԽԽ࣬ǺѰ콾еְһǳ䵱ӥʦ֣ԵúܻҲ˵ĺġ
ֻǣѰһִһӻң֮⣬Щ߽ɹЦѡ
ߺӪУҲֻӥʦֵ¸ص˸޿ˡ
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¬ͥƺˣֱ¸ϵشǵõｫϿɵģôǲЩˣ
ӥʦ̧ͷޱ飬¬ͥҸãһëûСӸϷ֣ҲϹأ
ʲôϹ֣¬ͥЩܻоϼһֱβĸ¿Ƶġ
ӥʦƽ𳶵ϷӦҲУǾ֣Ϸ뿪еˣ
ڳʦԴʧɫеȱӥʦǿɵʧȥ꣡
򲻿ɣǷ׷Ȱ衣
⿴ֵһ߶Щţӥʦ뿪ˣԺ˭Щװ
һ£¬ͥҲˣɫ粻˵ʵǼ䷴Ѱǰеְġ
ֻǣѾӦȴӥʦ沵أⷴЩŭѿ
ʶŻڸղΪѰȡᣬֻǣӥʦ¶̬֮¬ͥʱҲˡ
ΪһѰӥʦǿɵòʧ
Ҫǻְ񣿡¬ͥѯѰ
ȴѰЦЦһʦְ񶼵ˣԺûص۹ˡ
Цõ۹ʦƳսװǱ֪һʦְ񶼱˾ܾǿɾͳЦˡ
ֻǣ˻˶УȴԵúܿʹ̶ʦ߳
Ǻǣ浱ɱһ벽ߣͿΪΪˣ㶮ʲô𣿡
ˣսˣ츳ɲܹʤְ񣬻أ
ĪҪִԲ뿪ɡ
еһЩҲ̲ס׷׿ڣеֹӣоˣóսɱУȷʵʺϵְ񡣡
ӥʦۿһյģѰ
ѰӿһɹĸоһĻǱ۹ϽЩʦֻθ룿
ǽԼô뿪Ժ´ȥǿɾͳһĨȥ۵㡣
̣еҡѰĿһƳվھеİ֡

Щ£ѰҪʲôһֶѵ֧֣֮󣬻ͦһؽݹȥ
ѰҲһ£𣬰ԭӵеһ޴ڻϿսбٵ
ҲգҾͰ㽫˽һ
Ѱؽһоˡ
ʲô㡭˵Ҫ¼˽һʦеΪˡ
ҲȻ¼ʦԣƵһѵ顣
ϾѾͣڲͼҲѳȹ̣Ҫ¼ҪķѵѪ;ҪһﻹҪѡ
ʦһ֪ĳʶ
ʶѰԣЩʦķӦŻ˴㵣㶼ΪѰˡ
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ٺ٣ûн껹ʢܲסʦЦ
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һҲϺͼƽȴһʯǧˣõȻ

̫ˣ
֮УΨӥʦһƴʦһȴ˵ֵʸ񶼲ɾԵ̫ˡ
Ȼӥʦ˿Ҳɫһ޷ԭƽ俴ѰСһһȫͬ˵ɾ͵ˣ
Ѱǧ嶯¬ͥ󼱣ӥʦǾǳｫ棬޼¡
ƴʦԣƾյֶΣ߶֡
ο߱ѪսУƴʦϡȱһˣλԵüͳȻºð
ѰЦЦҲý̧ͣеһȼյͭ¯ԱһŰ빣ϳ׭ʡīԼġ
ǾеһλʦĵطֻڿţѰҲֱռ
㡭Щʦɫ࣬ǶѾ㹻ѰӣһﾹִԲһζҪôǶЩˡ
ʲôвʶ̧٣
ˡ
˭ҲȥϷҪСһʲôƴʦʸ֣ǺǣϷһЦ
ӥʦҲˣɫһĨЦȻΪѰǲҪĿ֮³һ
¬ͥа̾ˣֲʰоˣｫǱߣֻҲҪŭˡ
Сôô֣ȥսǰеǵһ²Ÿģ
¬ͥͷˡ
ڸΧ۵ߣҲλֹӻһζǿװ
ͲֳһЦΪЦ
һУѰȻᣬվǰǰһ˼оһƽϣչж


710 ʦ緶
ţ
ѰչжԭջͲмһʦȻ΢΢һ
ǺȻ֣Ѱ¼Ǳؽʱַޱȣˮ硣

һУ鲻Խͱ
⡭
һʦԲΣ̲סϢ񣬼ȥ
Ѱûչ¶ʲôɬֶΣֻ¼һƷؽѣԣҲҪ¡
죬ʮָ飬üɫһɴݳ֮
УһؽͶ¯׭ͼųжȣˡ
ֹЩʦЩΧ߶۾αѰĶ
ǲһҲܹѰ˿չ¶ֶΣһֶصɣһʦɱȣ
ѵһλʦɣ
𶯣ԭǱʶΪѰ٣ӵų󼰵츳ȴûܻһλʦ
ʶ֪ѰȻҪǰеӥʦ䵱ʱŻô໩Ȼͺ档
ڣѰһжȴƺֻ֤һ쾳콾ǰ򵥣
ף
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¬ͥҲĿ࣬оԴˡ
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ӥʦԵüе鼮ѰִԲмջ˵ǣѰһ̣̽ߣ
ѰǸԸһʲôҲе֡
ӥʦ쿴ɡԱߣһʦѵĭѡ
Ŷ֪ѶôҲǺǣҿһı顭
˵ʱӥʦ̧ͷӿԶѰ
һۣǣɫһ䣺⡭
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һĻʱ˸ʦһߵע⣬ԲĿѣɶֳԾ
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һ仰ȫõѪɫʾò԰ףҲҡҡ׹
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ȫѻȸһƷ齣һɱΪ׼Ʒɲֹһ
һУԷյʱ䣬ȫ˶һʧֱͻΪûʲô
ѵһλʦ
Сӥпգ֮ǰͻðʦʦˡ
һƬžУͼӥʦȻһǰһͻ̿֡
һӣȫžˣпѰĿⶼˣʦȻʦ
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һ꣬ȴ̤һʦ֮ʵԵ̫ˡ
ʦʦæǰɫͬ㷲
֮ǰѰǳʹǴ˿ǺǺ£Ĳ֮
Χ۵߳״ǣԭֵģ룬龹ᷢ˴һתǸԼɱ벽ߵ꣬һתֳΪһλʦ
Ƚʼϲġ
񵽱ˣģĲ񰡣¬ͥźܵû
һλʦߺӪصľеǺô֮󣬾޷
ֻǣ¬ͥһ뵽Լ֮ǰѰǰеְͺ޲óԼһƣĽ鰡
˵Ҫ¼ģ㿴ѽǷ⡣
Ѱؽݻ̣΢Цڡ

̴ӴоѣлȻһµؽ˶ˣһ˵ļ;ϲ
ߣ򶼷׷۵Ŀ⿴˰̣С椿Ǻ

ѰеӹĺæµҲܳʵ
Դǡʦݴȥ֮ÿ춼Ľ
еΪ˽ѰҲеǿѰ֣Ǽ
еҲ˱ˣÿһŶӣϣܹѰĻᡣ
ʼѰҲ߲ܣɺܿ죬ͳԲˣǰ̫࣬˲
գ¹أÿֻ񣬲ңֻʦ޷
һҲѰɲ١
ǰеմΪżϾһЩһ죬˽һЩ߱ѪսеĸϢ
ֵһǣϽҵ֪ѰΪʦϢʱʼһһƴһŰ빡
ɫʼòŭ߱ѪǸϻˣҪϢҲ档
Ȼ̲סЦЦɽХ㣬쳹ߺӪأ߽ԲȻΪҽ߻ħˡ
ϡ
Ѱǰҹ£һոսӪصĻϻֺˣ߶߶˵ЩԼľƻ
̺ȵκ췢̣룬أҪѰƴƣѰС
¬ͥԺߺسСǽս׳ʿ飬ͳ
գҸɢȥΪ컹Ҫ߱ѪսУ˲ɱ¾ֹΪ۹ߣÿҪ飬ɱйء
ҹĻ֮ǰûܷӪأӦҲزˡǰͨһ仰̸˸УԵúƽ
ѰһĬĬоơ


711 вر
ͻţ߱ѪսĻ⡣
ЩѰÿȻھеҲ˽⵽ÿ춼ĵ۹սɳϣҲزˡ
ͱġ
Ŵơų⡢ӹѰǿߣԺٲˡ
ˣ
ѰЩȻԭЩպ޴ˣɵ֪˿ܾʧʱѰȴЩյġ
ֹ졣
ϾۻʱͨһЩ׳֣˪Ӷŵʧλ
ȾƣҸܣļĳԱͨûнʲô
ܳĬۿףܵ䣬һֱڿ
ѰףЩ˪ӶŵϳԱֻҲٻزˡ
߱Ѫսÿ춼лϤʧҲˣǵĹս֮ϣʬǶ޷Ҵ棬̸һyڣ
Ż׻ŵҪԡ¬ͥľƺ֮
Ѱ룬ҪսһУֻһֶΡȫˣ
ֻǣĿǰԣ뷨Եúܲʵʡ
۹սǧ£һǲ
ǰ첻
ѰҲ̾Ϣ۹֮ٺȶγЩǰɱѪģ

Ըô໻ֻʦ԰Ҽһ
һ죬еѰԼ񣬴뿪ʱһͻȻǰݷá
ǸӰݵ꣬㣬һβסѪɱ
Է磬ߺӪؼһλߣӵ־Ϊڵ˵Ѫͨλеʮλ
ȻαѰͲ٣ǲһģԷƾսΣյ
ѰΪһɱһλ벽߶ߵĲͬڴˡ
ԷУһ˵ʯͷԼĪȭͷСϸȥʯͷһ˿˿ֵĽɫԵúء
ǽʯһʦչЩؿڡ
ǺñǶսװϡȱģֵɹ֮ټ
ԷûֻĿⶢѰ
ҽѾˣɡѰڵѾ¬ͥͨԼãҪƾۻᡣ
ȴԷ絲·ϣɫʦмãһΣһ᳥ġ
ѰüӦ˾ԻִŲݡ
ߣÿ첻֪жߺһǰʦѵΪƾһʯͿʦΪȥĪҪŵʦｫ֪ٲĿͷԣ
ԱߵʦվǳԷ磬Է伫ԺգЩʦɶ¡
ԷʱĬˣһĨʧһҲգȥ߶ţ
˵⣬¶һĨһҧһʯݸѰҲãʦˡ
˵ɣתȥ
ѰһʵҪȥ
ս
ɫϾҪˡ
ұȥҵֵܻڵҾԮСҪչˣ
ѰһУıҿ
ԶԷӰһЩš
ʲôɣ𵢸ʱ䣬ʦĵһΪһ
Աߵʦѡ
лˣ
ԷתѰ̬һĨڵļ͸м
ԷҪɵıһǹƷأʵںţһλ־λѪͨǰһٵĺݽɫеȴ֮ᡣ
Ѱûгɣһж
ңһѰԵú棬ٶҲ࣬øһʦ۾ˣ
һӣǹȻһ£ֹȫ޸Ʒ׶һء
ԷҲݣϲ⣬Ѱлѡ
Ҫ
Ѱڵοһһ˲õıǹҲֵá
ֻһʯѡԷ
˼򵥡Ѱ䡣
˻һʱ𸽽һʦ棬ѵﻹн
꣡
ͼѰһʯʱѣʯм׹䣬ͬʱһĨӲƵĹ
ǡһʦ۾ѰģֻʣһŸ뵰С͸ʯӲǳƵģĿ
ԷҲס뵽ʯڲһصıʯ
꣡
ϣѰзֽһӲӵıʯҲ飬׷УһƬϸݾҶӳҰС
ҶͭǮֻйӿǴСȴʳ̵ĹϼնȾɫѤõ˶۾
ͬʱһȻΧ˽ԾһĿɲǼ䣬һƮȻɵĸо
⡭ЩʦɵۣһʯȴԵأֻ˭󲻳ģһƬεҶӡ
бעԷҲеʶﲻ򵥡
ڣҿԻ㡣ѰԷ硣
Էֵ˱ʦ֣޹ء
ܷңѰʵ
ɣֵء
Է˵գ㱧ȭǣҪҹɫǰٶǱսУȥһն޵顣
ܻ
ڡ
۹ߣˣ
Ѱип֪ΪΪ֮ΪɷҲ

ԼݣѰһʱȡһƬΣѤϼҶӡ
ɲǼ䣬ԭ谵ķ䶼ˡ
Ũҵ
Ѱĸ֪һݣ֮оŴغĪ⡣
ݽߣ֮ص߱ѪսУᵮŨص
ϣ
ѰУͼб΢΢ڣĵǳƼ͡
֮ǰڷƬڽʯڵҶ֮ǰҲΪеһ춯ѰʯĲ
Ȼ˿̶ĲͿϢѰҲȷһ㡣
⾿ǺӵдŨң
ҶӲӿǴС֮ȻѰľ

գѰ̽ŽҶӵݵǰͼзɬĲ˲ϢͽƬҶûȡ
ѰҲע⵽ڶб棬ԭģĵƿʼһȻֻһŵֻҪ״ȥЩصĵƳֳ᳹
бǲȱģ֮һֱţĪǾΪȱ޸
Ѱһ뷨
źǣֱһƬҶ̺ȡһգбĵƲδ׸ֻ֣ǱǰһЩֻ޷ױ͸Ͳ
ǰɣֵһˣ˵׼Գô˻öгʵһɱ䣡
ѰһϣһѵõĻԵ̫ϧˡ
Ѿھе˽һʱ䣬Ȼÿ춼æµѸо̫Ϳݼš
һ硣
ʲôҪȥɣֵǹط֪գ߶̸ɫ䣡У¾ԲܴӦ㣡
ѰҪǰɣֵأʱ⵽¬ͥǿҷԣЩŵ
ɣֵأǿ߱ѪսжպĴǧе߶


712
ɣֵأһλ߱ѪսеĴ֮ء
۵۹壬ɱս׺ݣҲðȻƬ
ﱻȾѪħضɲǧһЩﶼУ޷أ
֪ЩѰΪ¬ͥǿҵطԼǰ
ȥ治УȻðȻ롣
һѰǴȥ
¬ͥüĥƤҲȰסղòȥʾ
СѵҲ˵ʲô
֪£ҵһӦǾ
֪ϢɣֵǱߣ֣ܻرϹʱеʥҲĳϡҩ
񣬵۹˴ӪУһЩﶼѴڹעһС
Ǳߣ֪жٴҲŷǰɣֵأ
¬̲ͥסʡ
ҶðȻǰһ쾳꣬ȥϹʲô֣ӻòͷˣ
ҶȻܾ
ɣֵٲȻΪ߱Ѫսķ籩ۣ֪֮ϹǰѰǾԸûʲô

ڴʱһͷˣֹӸոھ账оһΪ߽龧ֱ뿪Ӫء
ʲô¬ͥһ
죡Ҳ̡
ôס¬ͥͷ
ǡĸҰһί
Ѱֹһλɱ벽ߵ콾һλʦߺӪݼ֮Ȼ
ʱ˭
СӴҪ°öţȵ죡ȥ׷Ҫס
ֻһӺǲĶ飬ѰٲѰټ޹
óҺ¬ͥͷ綷
Сӵӿ̫ˣֻ»֪ΪʦݣǱߣѽѪͨϵʮλ˵ʮλ
ң֮ߣǰĽɫᲢۣʱȥɣֵأ𣡣
ͷ۵
¬ͥҲܻ
ն޿κΣѰѾ뿪Ѳܡ

ɣֵλھߺӪǧ֮ĵطңԶ
Ѱ˴峿һ··;ϸһɹǿΧ£Աһ·ɱȥ
սƷҲѼˣû취߱Ѫս޷ʹôﱦƾװսƷռޣҲãӰж
ˣѰɺװŽǧ߽龧Щӻ۵ľһ
ҽֻһ֣󲿷ֶӪס
һΣѰѱսսյĴ㣬ҹɫе߱Ѫս£Ϊһ̽ɣֵеİأҲֻˡ
ԭڣɣֵʵЩңԶһ˳ҹɫʱҲطӪС

ĸʱ
ػڱ񷣬еѪȺ͸ϢŨޱȣЩǺǣ˼Ż
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Է磿
ѰȻȥһУЩط֣սĵ۹УһȻߺӪصĶ־ʿԷ磡
ҲԷһʯѰһƬҶӣǾǰɣֵ̽ա
Էʱֹۣڱӵ龳ʵǿΧ
һߣõȫѹƵվأ᧿Σѳ˿ڣѪ

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ۣ
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˭֮˹ֲ֮
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žģ
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ΪΣ
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ѰüЩ鷳ˡ
Ե֮սʥؾѾɱ¾֣Ѫɺӡ
Է˵ɣֵУȻߣ˴ζܻԤΣա
ңΪ˶ȡԵ컯Щ۹ߺǿ߱˲֪ٳѪȳͻѻʬ壬ضȾ죬ɱ졣
Ѱţ˽һУǰԤϵģȻˣҲܰ;飬ܵǰһ̽
Ŀǰ֪ǣǱռϷ磬λѳڡ
ֱǻˣ޷ͳƵİ벽ߡ龳ϹҲѵִ
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ѰִҪǰԷҲȰ費סֻܰԼ֪һһһ֮Ѱ
Է˵һʱ䣬սԽңвٰ벽߶ˣڲ߸ǲ
ң⼸죬ͻһս۹ϽĺҪͻһߵ͡
ڴ֮ǰЩ֮ѾֹΣһֱֳʤһɣֵеԵߴԾҲؽĻ
һԵʲôΪλ߶ϧѪսѰˡ
ţһԵŹʥĴܣҲд˵һԵ٣ɣֵڽ಻˼ı컯
Է֮顣



713 ͽ
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ǵ۹ϽлҲƲɣֵŹϵĹϧ޷ȷиӦλãΪ̫嫶ء

˵⣬Է羹ֹ
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֮ķģ˵ɣֵУһֻײֻӤƴСȴзɹתһԲ֮صһȫ𣡡
ԷɫһĨ˵Ĺ죬ϽĺΪ棬ôֻײ֤ʥ
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Է˵ȷǣɣֵĻдԵ֣Щӣ֮ɱޱȣΪɣֵУǿ߷һЩñ
ȾħѪؿʯٶĺڰɫӡƵĲͭ顭
ȻҲвٺͽʯƵı
⣬ѰһͷȣǰɣֵأΪѰٸĽʯ
вص̺ıҶӣԴʹн޸ɱ䣬ޱȡ
ǱԷ֮ѰǰС
ͨԷĻѰ϶ɣֵز򵥣ʥؾˣ

ʱ
ԶĵƽϣȻһޱȵѪ⣬񷶼ȾɲѪɫ
ͬʱĿжһɴ̹ǵѪɱ֮ŨҵĲһƬħ޾ղС
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ѰʱֹѪ֮أдԨУڱͨšȾѪħ֮Ƶɣֵء

Ѱһûżȥڸѡһطת䣬ʼĬĬָ
һ·ѰĲ󣬿ɴ˴ǰıȽɣֵأɱ¾֣ѪɺӣõҲһ˿⡣
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ֻǵѰҪչжʱȴȻһУʱݷ
ܿ죬Զĵطһͷ޴ĽɫĴ߷ɶݶ
ڽϣǿߣȻҲҪǰԶɣֵС
Ϣȷʮô󵨣Լһɣֵأ
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Ϣȷɣʮ뿪ߺӪأǳҶûܼʱ
һ
ȻѰ֮򶨣ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬вƵӿһĨŭ𣬺ޱȡ

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Ϊģ
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ѰٶȺܿ죬ңŶУ鹭ͱ֮ʩչ󤲽Ԩȥ
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У;ά裬˭Դ㲻𣿡
ѰһǰУϣһ·ϵûʲôΣա
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Ѱһ쾳ȴڴˣȻĿ
һѣһ߸˵ΪԵ۵۹ߣǱߣԶѳɣֵȥ
ĳֻԵû˭ڰ;ϵʱ䣬̫˷
Ѱ֪ЩŻȻǱЩߺ󣬱ǰС
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ӦþûôŰ׹Ǵ󹭺ͼʸʹһɱ벽ߵ콾ʮһޣ
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Ͼɣֵأһ˳ڴˣͲıеĶɱˣ
Ҳ磬ΪѰǡ



714 ҹֲ֮
;ѰӰе۹ߣҲ塣
־ȶҲǳȺӳûһ̽Ѱġ
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Ѱ򴽣һǰУⲻգɺܿ鵨ǺͶ־
һߣֻη;
ǰУûãؼ俪ʼһѪ죬ŴĿɷ
Ѫܹ죬赲֪ͻ⣬ͻڣʴߵľ
ৣ
Ѱ鹭ִ֮裬޷ȥ֪գֻܿսȥס
ʱҲֳ鹭ãӵСʵ족ܣԿ
ȻɲǼ䣬ѰҰÿЩѪţԿǧ֮Ρ
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ܿ죬һҺɫǰϡѰۣɵִвˡ
Ѱ㣬ֱöڵϿڣɣܿǰͱڳһض

ڵʱ򣬶赲꽻ײͬʱһĨ͵׹âӿ֣ӳѰҰ
һʯѰһ񣬽óв۴СͨӲӣϼˮ
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ѰģɣֵأʲôԵҲĲ뵽Щ߲ϧսĶᱦжС
ܹöһ޸ɱ䣬ѾѰˡ

ҹɫˣȻɣֵУܹܵҹɫ糱ˮ㣬Ҫû
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ǲУȻˣǰŭ𣺡һʥѣ罵㣡
ҲǴѰĪһʥбͬһλ֣ɱòˡ
һܲƽһԾĻֲϢӿֲ֣ڲͬС
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飬һſŴȭͷѻǣıʵʣҫƥ
Ѱòһ˭룬ȴһӳô࣡


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ûκγɣѰвһʵʯС
ͼڻɬϢʼȡеȻ
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ⰵǿͫһϳѰݣɫ䣬͵طһХͳһܡ
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лڼȡ뵻ɬĹΣѰƲ⣬յʱ䣬ܽЩʯڵһա
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иʯҲһЩȾѪ顢ѵͭƬԼһЩ˵õĶ
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ѰбˣӯëƺȴԱһأ
ѰǿŲһ¶ĳ嶯һתȥ˵Ѳٶ뾡뿪
ৣ
ҲѰ뿪ãһһӰХһϢֲɢƣͽѪȫ飬ɢȥľҲޱȡ



716 벽ߵ׷
ӸӲã˵ػһ˿Ϣ
Ϊһźɫ꿪ڣһӲӵգǡ
ľ壬һһλ벽ߣλе۹߼ͰʮλʵǱѰɱŻҪɲ
Ѿ˴αӣԺؽΪ۹һɹĿֲ
Աһ뷢Ȼ𣬻֭ͭ߳ڡ
ǽһ벽ߣн档
ɱ򵥣ˣһԻɱ벽ߵĹ
һˮһ벽߲ѩڣһݳˣһͷѩ׷ˮڱΣضԼ
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зһ⣬üҲһĨϲɫ
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ԭڣѾǶϾͻɱʱΪȫͬ
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ʯԴԴϵزѰصָ⡣

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ܿ죬ǿһ䲻мвԣͬ޴䶯
һʱ֮䣬ɣֵеΪ֮һ䡣

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ŭ龪ŭǱı֮ʱŵľʩչжܡ
䣡
Ǹ汻俪һ׵Ĵӣѵʯ䣬ҳõǻͷ
ɶ񣡡
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ԶѰζʮ㣬ľǶ÷
һһ浱ǲɱˣ
׷׷
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ȻѰղŵһ̫ĳֲڵע⣡
СӸղһĿģò赶ɱ˰ɣ
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׷עҲҪΣգȥǸСĨˣ
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ʱͶڲԶѰһǵһǰģȴΪ𺳺;裬ûзһʥۣ֮ȴԵ
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Ȼܡ
ȴִҪȥðһԣɼһ컯ǵջε֮


719 ʥԾ
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⣬ԵüҫۣеѰҲ۾ֱʶһλ벽ߵĵ̣ȻͬѰ
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۹Ͻĺƶϣ棬ôֻײ̤ʥ
һ뵽⣬ľȻ֣ǰײܣƮλðĹ꣬ʱĹϼ
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ʥ·Ŀľ忿һʥһֱھͽ䱸ĽͲѩҲ߬˫֣ļڴ
ֻǣܿǾͲԾľѾ֣ȴӲǣ类һ㣬һƣһ
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Ͳѩð׹ߣʧгô
һĻԵ̫;㤣õ˼ʶصһʱѡ
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ĿǰǱѩʥԱߣȫϢԼӳһֻ̣ѱˣ

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һֻѪɫɶͻأ֣СѪϣʺʥѣĴʱȴݳ٣ڶ
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ৣ
ֻǣȷӦѰͲһĮĿԼϡ
һɲеֺ
ֻǺܿ죬һĿʧ֮Ѿһ亹ѰҰУһֻײ
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ˡ
ײһһֱ仹δ٣붯֣
ŵϹţڽ񳯣鶼ǲˣһЩѵ飬ȴ޷ǡ
ԶѪɫɶƮ裬ӨӨӲӣۼƣȻһֻײ
ֲֻʥ飡
Ѱһ²³Ѫɫɶĳ֣ǰײ˲öԸԼԼұܿһ١
ĻԼֻҲһľһģһ³
ܺ£һƣ
ײ䣬һֶصɣڻصؼ䶼ӯһʥ
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ѪɫɶҲýͣᵭԵúѺԸ
Ը
䣡
ײһٿȻִ֮ϡ
ͬʱѪɫɶ𶯳һѪɫ籩֮񷡣
ҵɱ˴ӣ
͵أײ䣬Ʊŭ
ѰһȻһʶڸղһɲǣǰײҪֽԼֻǲ֪ںεԵʣȴѪɫɶ赲
ôܻˣ
Ѫɫɶ귢һĨȻЦ
䣡
֮ϣսʥܣҹն·򱬣춼Ǿ׵Ŀֲ档
һ̣ɣֵظݷǿߣ۵۹ߣǿߣΪߵͣͬһʱ־壬Ŀ뿴ҹ֮ϡ
ʥϢײ貳ʢҹɫ˺ѡ
Լ䣬д㡢ħѪڲ
ʥԾ
ϽĺлЩߣһľ
ʥ
겻ȼˣ
ɣֵоٶ֣Ե̫ˣȥע𵴣
ѩʥǰѰ亹͸أ£̫ˣֱڹŹǰһ⡣
ӣ
ûκγɣѰ̾Ҫ뿪ô˻ߣһǰײأǿɾҪˡ
ǱѩʥϵĹʵѰͲһ˿֮ģȷԼðȻȥսеİײԻ᲻ϧһдۣɱԼ
ѣȻˣΪҪߣսǰһʱעֲʤиҲ˵رѣνעעԵβô˻죿
ɾѰҪȥǱѩ֮ϣһº͵͸⣬Ѱ롣
Ѱȴһëһ߷Ӵܣһ߽еˣұȥɣˣԵټԵҲ


720 һҹ 
Ѱкܹ죬ë׵
һֹļһλصʥ֮ϣȴ룬˵ԼԵⱾԵ÷˼
ƣįѩòԵΪҪ˵߾أֻѡ
º͵п
ȻѰȻ֣һεԼ֣˲ϢѣͰԼʥ֮ϣ
һţǧأƻãѰԼһһľӨϣʼգ޷ƺͷ
ѣ㡭ЩǿˣﻹԵ֣
ѰѵĭͷƤЩ飬Ψһҵǣ˿̲δΣյϢ
ʥ֮ϣһʥıϼԡ
ԵãտҲĶãһζִԣ³ˣҵ塣
º͵ѰſԱߵһűУһ͵ţһֻſϱߣ̬ƽ
ǽֻӤƴСͨ巺͵Ľ⣬һ峺͸ƿӳܡ
ʥ࣬ɢһɻ۹⣬һֻѣѰһֱׯϣңϡ
һӣѰɴ۾û뵽ѩʥϳһֻײһֻ
ѵ
Ҳһֻ̤ʥĿֲ飿
Ѱһ
ʥܿҿҲˣֻǵ;ϵһţ⣬͸ʶηгһƿ߽ȥҲ֣ᷢ˶
ȻٶȳƿѰ룬һľ
ˣѰһֻĸоʥԹ񣬲֪Ե̤Уֻ
УȴԵúѰ
ԣˡ
ҺһԸһ죬һ飬ԿɳʥԿϲ֮ѡ
ѰһһôĿ
ԿΪʥ
Թ˭ҷڿ
ǲŵˣûϵ벻ţչҵ顣Եúº͡
Ѱƽֻ죿
ԣ졣
֪Ϲ֮ǰ鿪ʼѻ۸һʶʱʲô
ʲôѰ̲סʣûƵ⡣
졣
һѰĴ𰸡
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ʱߣһĵһ¾죬Ƕ֪͸򣬱˴˽ĵᣬǣʱˣеĵ;Ҳһ̽Ѱ
ԭ졣
Ѱ˼ⷬڡ족ĲһֶĿһµĸо
̤ʥʱҪѧȥ졣ȻʱĶҵԽ̻Թغ׷Ѱʥ֮·
ʥ˽ѰԾͱˡ
ʥȻߣ޷أΪȾ̫ߣųƿͬ٣ͬԣ˼֮
ܹصĽ˽һЩʥļţѰԣһѵõѧϰᡣ
ʥ˵Ҳѣ˵ֲ򵥣вдֻ֪νʥߣֻͽˣߵĻе·ɾעޣֻαʥ
ʥߣصԼȥһǰδеĵ;
һѰľʥ桢α֮
ʥ֮ʥʥ޵֮˼ȥԷգ䡣
Ȼʲô
ѰҲʥ̫ңԶˣȻһЩʥܣʵ򣬶Ĵ
Ѱ˿ֻ룬һ족رԵûĵ档
ããյɣֵأѪϣλ̤ʥĿֲڼս춯ء
ϣڱѩʥۣ֮ԱһֻſڱϵĽ졣
ʵԵúܹŹ֡
ˣһŽߵʥ
Ѱ͵ʶһѩ̫ʥԼͷԶ
ֻȭͷС׵ıѩɣƥʥԣǧλðء
ƮɢƿԽƮƮɡ
ԼԼһصڹʵ˸֣ҲһƵĵڻص
Ѱ㱼䣬оůĵԡ飬ûһ˿ͷ

ѪתԲڶ籡ϼ
һ̣ѰһС
ϵĿԾ߻һֻصĽڸпҲȥͷ
˿̵״̬ڸһĻ״̬տҲ

֪ʱҹɫϵսĻָƽˣݷɣֵظǿ¡
һʥԾ̫ˣЩ߶ѡ
˭ʤ˭
û֪
սλʥ˭
ͬҲûܹ
ҲˣһսƬ嫵ɣֵԵغˡ
Ϊβɱ
ײڱѩʥϣԡʥԶѰһͫжʱһĨɱ
峺ѰƵòһΣôȤһ꣬Եбɱ⣬ܶȡ
Ȥ
ײмһ쾳ˣԹ̤Ͼ۵;ģֲֹһ鹭ͱܱ֮ӻãһԱҲʧȥ֮ܣͽȤ
㲻
ҡͷ㿴ЩǱѣϣŸȤĵط
ŶҪҽɱˣƿǣ̽Ѱһײ͵һЦ
˹ôұһʥԪΪǡ
ңײһӱñ䡣
Ҳҵ飿ˣ֮ѡڴ˳ţֻȴһʱȥ֤һ뷨ˣʥԪҶҲֻһп޵ĶΨֻŻںˡ
ºͶƽ
ɰײȴĬˣã˵㾿Ҫʲô
뿴ߵʥһ⾰
شĺ⣬ͺñһӣֻ뿴һܽĻ䡣
ͷ㻹νϣ㣬ϸĵ;
ײЦ䣬ţ͵ƣ
Ǿ͵ơ
ɡ

ҹɫȥʱѰһһ
һѩʥˣ˿һʯͷϣѪƣ·һУֻһΡ
⡭
ѰȻĿɨܣȷˣֻҲʧڹ
ԣⲻΣ
Ѱܿͷ֣Լ̥ǣÿһ缡ӯһȻڵۺȻŨڶ춼ȾһʥϢ
ΪѵִﶴϾеԲز
һҹ


721 Ѩ
ȻһʥĹЧ
˼Ƭ̣Ѱжϣе𾪡
ҹֻǾǣԡһʥɢжѣȴΪһҹ䲽붴ϾеԲز̫ˡ
ǽһʥ̷ֻεĹЧ
ܿ죬Ѱһٶ롣
һУƻĵʵξһ㣬ɱϾԼܿһ٣
ľˣͲѩҲˣøֹ˹ʥһЩ֮£Ϊ˽һɱ䣡
Ҳ֪ǽʲôΪλݷɣֵУѪɫɶͰײͬΪ̤ʥĴڣȴΪҲҪ̾ڴˣ
ѰȷĳʱʱЩݷʥ飬Ȼճ
ûãѰӰ˸뿪Ƭûٶ
һ·ϣһϸѰ;ϣʯʲôԵѾײ
ɣֵвֹ߼٣ݷʥεĿֲ飬ʲôĻԵҲܹȥǵġ
飬ԽԽˣΪɣֵУѾռϷ˲ɣ
ֻ˵ǵ۹ߵĴֹۣܲλӵĿ죬ֻҲᱻץȥ䵱ڻңȸЩھ
ɺޣǵ۹У༸ʮĺݽɫҲˡ
ȻԶѪɫУһŭѰע⡣
λǰ˺£
Ѱȥ۹ߣӱһŭĲӣʳ
ʲô£ǰһȻضУбȴռˣĴץǵ۹߳䵱ڻңȥ̽պھֱ̫
һ߿
ˣϽӰɣǧ𿿽ȥѾĸְѿأлһ벽򣬹ȥҲҲ׷׿ڣѰ
ŶԭлˡѰͷȥ
֮ǰľ׷ɱѣѱһӻʱ飬Ѱʱҵһй;
ȻȰ𣿡
Щ߽סѰǰеķ֮ǰӶ뿪
ԣûôƺʹеʮ񣡡ʶʲô͵һ
ʲôû
찡ǴϢλ벽׷ɱܹҲ̫ǿˣ
Щ߽ԻȻܲѣϸһ룬оղʮ
Ϊһİ׹Ǵ󹭣ѹѳʮĶű־ӡ̣
ǷҪȥ
飬ʱĶѡ
ߣ
ʱ˴ͷһҧͳԭ·أҲæϡ

ǰŨǺǵѪȣϻвʬǵ۹ߣĿġ
һλʯ͵ǣɱڼƬ
һں֮ǰɱ˲ٵ۹ߣҲץһЩ۹ߡ
ʱʹЩ۹ߣھ򸽽һȻѨбڣҲĪɱ
һЩǿڶҡ
ţˡ
ںǷһĨɭȻȣСһﵨӲСһĻҿ
ǿҲЦˣɫζϷʡ
ϵ˶ɱģѰĿӵϵĲʬɨԵúƽ
ٱū۵ĵ۹߶Ŀ⿴
ʲôɣڣ
ںȳ⣬ɱơ
Щ۹ɫ׽ӣֻܱ̣ͷǵ¶Ѩھ
СһɱΣɵţ͸Ͻȥһɻ
ں¶һĨɫ
ףԾϣСƺǡԱߣһǿƷʲôɫ䣬ѡ

˵꣬Ѱ鹭֮һı׳ʣֲĻϢ˲ȫ

ںӲɳϳѰݣɫһӱòһŭ𣬳
ò˵Ϊ벽ߣںķӦν죬Ͼ⧲֮µĶܣѾһ
ۣ
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ͺڿգըһѪɫ̻ļ¡
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һ֮紫һɲ
Щ۹߽ԲԼͬͬһ֣ʮ
Ҳֻӵļ
ڳЩǿߣɵˣ뵽ͻȻðһ꣬ȴһɱߵİ벽ߣ
̫ˣ
һսԵøõЩǿ߶Ժհס
ô˻ᣬѰɣУչɱ¾
ҽ֮𣬾еĵ۹ߣγѰ㣬ųǰѰһ𲢼ս
ɱ
ɱЩյ飡
Щ۹߱ץūۣѱÿҪ裬һǻŭйЩǿϡ
Ƭ̹򣬳ʮǿ߱¾һգѪ
е۹߶ܣ׷ǰѰлĿдźεľ𾴡
۹ʮ鴫
ҪǣǽջǱʮȣĿһɱ벽ߵ磡
ѰʱЩס˵飬ԸץʱɨսƷһȻѨǰ
ⶴѨֻ߷Χͨ£һѨȴӨӨ⣬ԡ
ӹɣȻʲô
ͬʱѰҲע⵽ѨһΣյϢ̹ǰ㺮䣬ѰҲһݡ
ʲôѰһʡ
æ֮ǰһİ벽߷еı̺ż侪˵һոմӳоѹľҩ
Ѱһüҩ
Ϊһ־µĸоǶѨ·ʱںһֻһ
ѰһԸ뿪һԣס˵ԽԶԽá
۹ԣȻҵ׷׳Զܿ
ѰУһҧ׼ȫһڶѨʱȻ֮һ̵Ĺ
һɲѰǶѨһĮſɲı̹⣬ͫ䣬ֳ½ӳ¸ȿɲ
ಣ
Ѱ𶯲Ļҳɣȫʩչ󤲽ɲǼʧԭء
ֱӳ֮أѰͷأ£̫ˣ
ǱȻҲݷ֮µһͷֲ飬ܺѪɫɶꡢײһ̤ʥ֮У
ƨľҩ
Ѱаһ亹ɣֵ̫аˣֱŲԤɱ
ûãЩ۹Ҳ׷׸Ѱû£԰һ֮ǰҲܵһɿֲޱȵϢżԶҲеսľ
Щ߽սƷеһָѰвʯҲһЩϡȱĺƷ
ѰҪʯȻҲѰһ뷨
ԳȥɱЩǿߣѼɱʯ


722 ȡ
ٱǰЩ۹߸ѰЩĲôţõõ۹ߣΪ䵣ǡ
ǱߣĵΪλ벽׷ɱעɡ
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
쵽ڣѰǣŵ۹ÿߵģѰٳٲϢõõ۹ҲԽԽǺͳء
£ǿԵ쳣Ծ
ʲôʮͷʱҲվһգǿ߷Ļ
˷ָǣһĻӮȸټǿߣԣڰƲѰѷֱӵֶδ۹ߵʿ
ò˵ֶ޳һЩȴЧõõ۹߽ԷŭʿΪ֮һ졣
Ҳ˵Ǳߣǵ۹ߣΪˣѰӿĪĹ
Щߵͷ
Ӯȸ
Ѱˣѵ۹ģɱһλɷһæ
ֹӵ޷Щ߷׷׿ڡ
ҴϢһ仰Щеİ벽߶ϴɾӵţ
˻
˵ͷ

ɣֵһС
ѾһûʮϢˣȻѾʵźһϲھ۵;İأڡȴֻա
Ӯȸ̾˿
ЦûϵɣֵеŲɹĻԵֻҪ̽ѰҷȻᡣ
˵⣬ȻӾ񣬳λʮ֮ӰԳֹһ̤۵;콾۹еʦע۹ǱߵߴصĴ
ǿ߽ԵͷԴ˺ͬ
ʮ߱Ѫս֮½ɱһλ벽ߣԼ龳ɵĺ䶯ӪһӰõ־¡
ˣٲȻΪ˵۹Ӫһҫޱȵǣ߱Ѫս
һͷˣôԵ۹Ǳ߶ԣֱһ޷ܵʧ
ôæʣԵúܻ
ĵɣøЩǿ߶񣬸оһ̫޳ܡ
Ĳںֻ֪ԼԺҪӪվȽŲͱкӮȸλ
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Ǿô죡
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֮Ի˻ҪѰĴڣ֮ǰһӰʹõǽԷѱһӻ
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Ѱλ벽׷ɱûϢǳ׶϶ѰѷʶŻ˴
ʮˣǵ۹ͣһ콾ȫʵɱ
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Ǻǣǵ۹콾Ҳ
Ͻɣ򣬲ֹʮǵ۹ЩȫҪ
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Ǳ˺ܾãڳһڶоر𳩿졣
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̫
֪ЩϢʱϽĺХ뷢ŭţʮأĲ
ȴǱˣͲмֻ룬Եúܣ
ӿѵʱһϢ
ֹûһɱһ벽ں
һӣԭӵʹȻֹ
ЩǿߣɵˣУĿࡣ
Ŀ磬⧲
Ȼǵ۹ǱߣЩ£ʮûɱ˰벽ں
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ǿУһЩ﷢ŭȫϢα
ڰƲӮȸɫһ粻ôСôӲ
ܿ죬Ϣȷںȷɱˣһᴩ̻һըޱȡ
ʱɣֵǷ˴вԸϢǿߣʯˣ
ô
֪ϢǿߣˣһɥѪģ
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ǰһ̣ǻѰѶԵ۹߼ڿͳҪ˻ݺݴ۹ʿ
룬ܿˣȷһεĶݺݳϣۡ
۹Ǳߣ𺳶ϲûʮȻû
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ٺ٣Һܺ棬֮ǰЩ黹ֺ⣬ֻһ飿
۹ߣ׷ˣ˷ܣʿ
ע⵽ֹӻֻ֣ɱһ벽ߣ֮ǰ׷ɱֹӵ벽ߣȴһֱûϢǷζţǶѱֹɱˣ
Ʋʱһֺ䶯õ۹һЩﶼݣ𺳵ˡ
һǱߣһͷƤ飬ֽű䡣
ǰʮţ׷ɱľ塢桢ѩλ벽ǡ
Ƕȥ
˭ʮûһδħɱ벽ںľҲ֣
ϸһ㣬һʮеİ벽ߣ֮ˣ
һֲ֣Ͼ벽߿ɲǴײˣȻӪУǶεϡ٣ߡ
ȴ½λ벽٣һһ쾳УһĴֱصԸӵĵز
һʱ֮䣬ۺͻȻɽХ۹ǱߣϽĺĵ̾Цѡ
֮ǰ°򺱼سĬˣֲͬ
Ӯȸһǿ߶ɵǣȥܳʱ䶼˵
ԭһжڰƲƣ뵽ǿʿΪǵʱȴ䲻һתֱۣñ
̫ƶҪѪԼƣȴһǱͱܴ˭ܵˣ
˵ǰʯͷԼĽŶЩᣬⴿͽԼҳ飬ȡ谡

գӮȸ̲סˣŭû£ĿѣʮһҪ㣡


723
ȷʵ̫ɱ
һϵеƺͺУ󷴵չֳѰͱսӮȸ
һЩǿߵɫҲܲỵ̈޴йĵĿⶼһĨԹ
û취ڳֻһǵ۹塣
ɫֱ࣬ձܣ֮ͬѰк⣬޲Ѱ类ɱʵȴԵ˲пᣡ
պ޵ǣЩȻĪغԼȻǷ࣬ı
ΣһѰų֣ƾսһŤתƣշһʿܴһǧɡ
ǿ߶ǣʮɻţⲻֹǴʿô򵥣ԺܻᷢƵĲ飡
ȻǵĵӦˣڵ죬е۹ߴѰ
ֹ˵ˣЩеİ벽ϴɾӵţ
һʯǧˣ
Щǿ߶סһҪף
Щ벽߸Ĳ־ŭ趼вͷˣֱ޷ˣ
ȴû취ɵû취Ѱеİ벽̫ˣһλǽңɳֶʱǿɾ;޽ҿˡ
λ֪Ϣʱŭڣɫࡣ
һ쾳꣬ɣֵȴţ浱Щϼһǰ費ɣ
ֹӺģ
ʲô绢ˣ
ۣҵ۹ֹ콾ǵ۹֮ҡ
۹Ǳߣ׺䶯ˣѰƳֱﵽʷǰĵز
һ쾳꣬ȴɱ벽ˮ˭ܲ̾Ƴ磿

죬ɣֵ̽ѰʯѰҲЩ粨Ϣֻû뵽»ֵ˷зڣȫԤ
ڽ·;ϣһЩѰЦԷǵ飬һЩ·ǿߣԼ֣羪֮㣬ŵɫףֻӴܡ
һЩ۹ߣ׷ǰѣһĿⷢѰЩڡ
֪ѰѰһЩʯʱЩ߸ǿңԼЩѼʯֳһ͸Ѱ
޹»ѰܽܣֻǼܲסԷ̫飬һԼܣǿԷļơ
գѰֺֻܽ⡣
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ͬʱڵ۹ߺӪУǰߴһЩɣֵеϢʱһȻ󲨡


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Ѫأ֮ǰһƬѪϵǿߺ͵۹չѪս
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֧ǿ߶һԻһĺɫ׾Ÿ裬ʶ㣬ḻһ۾ͿԾ
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ڣȴͷһ䣬һĻ
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ڣôһ𣬷ǵû嵽֣ԷƤɻɱǵһͬ飬ܲŭ
˵ǲУƫƫҪֵܹ˭
ɽۣ֮Ѱ̾˫ָӰͦ㣬һϮڷ죬ȻһƮȻ֮
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Сһ˵Ӫʵں棬˭ĵӣҹǰð
һ벽̤ɫľء
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Ѱбһۣϼһ㻹°ɣƾ㣬ʸʻ
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ԵúܽСģΪѰǹȻк֡
ʶʱȻǶԸѰһ쾳꣬ǷǵԵúܽһٳλ벽ߣ
ȥԻᾢһȥһ쾳꣬˭飿
ɽϣѰؿţдһĨɫȴЩôʱ򣬻е
Ѱ뵽⣬һؼ󶯵
ڼħŭǿֲƣȫǿɫ䡣
Ȼı
غλһİ벽߼ͬʱֹЦ汻ǲ¶ˣСӸڹǰȻк֣
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ҰУһɫĹУһֲ˼ٶȻ䡣
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ƬأһֱĴ󶯵УһӣһĨɫĹݺݵض顢Ҫͱ顣
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֮䣬ܿԶĵطֳһΰƥӰ̤ǳ乭Ǭ
ӹɣһĨɫһֲֻ֧̫Ϣ֣
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ܾʱ⣬ʱյıϣǺӶΪ֮ͳ٣
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ǿɲ׵ٶȺֻǻЩǿðǣֻѿһѪڡ
ǹ˲Щ
ԼͬأǽŤͷ
˾޵һҪ˭
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ЩǿиոͷͼԶĵطһֲı
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һ׵ıըУȴһӰ˻쳹ء
һǰУ͸޾ķŭֺͲʣһ˵Ȼ
Ƹû뵽ɱ
𵴣ҴܣɳʯԶľ룬Щǿɾôǣʧǣɲױ

ͲȥƲ⣬Щǿ߾ϳȥӰǻһϹ
ɣֵʱˣϾһҾһʱѾϴ롣
ֻû룬ɣֵеɱ٣ȴûùֲ׵һһĨɱ
Σվһλ߰ˣ
ȫѻȸǡ
ѰҲ𶯣񣬵Ҳĳÿһμ޷ƽ
Ͼֲֿڣڵ۹һ壬ɶǶľ뢴ڣĿϡ٣ɱһһ
Ѱ㣬ȥɣֵеĽ̸һʱУߣߣ
Ǳһɱ
ˮǰǱҰɱ
һߣӪԣһʼϲĳش
ҲΨܻ۹Ӫصǰٵվưɡ
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739 ĵͷ
ŰУҰǴԼͦӰֶ
䣬ɨȫһݵѹҲ֮ɢ
ѪŮ
ϳҰݣصһǿߵĳ׳͹ȣɫ
ΪѰ޿ˣҲףһΪӵ㾪޵Ŀֲܡ
һУΪŮˣ
һǿ߼ɵǧ֮õΣŮˣ
ȷţȻԿֻ¶Ů˵Ķ֡
ȥ߹ڽһʱ䣬߸ǰ۹ӪҰҲ
ϣҰδչɱ¾仰֮󣬾ʹѰתȥ
һɱߣһ仰ˣ
ǿҰѰ뿪нԶȴûһǰ˵Ե쳣źͳĬ

ڵ죬Ӫء
һУһλƤӰͣͷϡ裬ԵòޱȵߣҰľʱͬԵúܳĬ
ãһ̾ɳƶͳһĹһҰ
ڣһһֶεĶа벽Ϊ߾ϹҲ
ֻǣǴʱɫԺ
䵱ǿߵ̾ʱǵɫˣʳˮ
һ֮ڣ߽ˮɱɱҽͬһŮУֳصĴǰɴӲ
ұΪֱ֮ǰԳô˻ᣬһ۹Ӫǧ겻ɵ飬˭룬ȴȱ
ɫϲһŻĲɣ֮ɫʵЩϧˡ
һλüȻͻȻðʮеĹĿܻᷢȱ
һڴʮ֣ҲüһĨɱ
һѣȴ߱Ѫս֮󣬽꣬õǽͷöƵƵʹۣҲԵ̫˼飬Ҳ̫ߡ
ڱԹкã
׵ƺˣԵ쳣ƽԴɣֵнٴԵʧλߣȥˡ
ѵҪҰЭһ
Ůԭɱԣվ֮ٺŸɣƴȫҲֻܾ˵Ľ
߲ΡΡվӳӪȥԸȥԽϢģս
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ֻǣѾ뿪µһƮƮĻȴǧأѹӪÿһͷľܽƺͷޱȣȴòܡ
ΪλߣǡһλӪ׼Ϲ
Ļּ⣬û˭Υ棡

һ죬ѪŮҰǿƳɱλߣȹòӦս
Ϣص۹˸Ӫأʱ䶯õÿ۹߽ޱȣϲá
һʱ䣬ƵƵõõ۹Ӫƽѹ֣Σ
˭òģһȫսʣµǷܹõ۹Ӫؼֵ
ڣһжˣ
βܺϲã۹ӪѹҲһɨգ±
Խ̫˲ˣһŭնߣȹҲòͷͬԣ
۹߶ΪҰĳĽ˿ޱȵĵز
֪Խ˴ܹ쿪ʤҲʮӵĶ
£
¸ǣԽɱʱƾľֹеһԹ
ǰ̽Ӵص鱨ǹƺҲɵһԹŲòͣսľ
ԭˣô˵Ļ˴֮ͣҲֹһݣ
ͬģѰҲֶߣһʱΪ̸
۹߷׷ʢѰһΪմұ֮ģ۹ʿ֮䷶
سϢʱöѪ
ҲҪáѰ֮ɵʱѰɺԥľ;ܾˣһΪˣ
մ۹ʿ֮䷶
ޣ
ܵ
سԽԽƣ뵽Լ豦ɣҰݺһѣˡ
ǣαĵ۹ӪУѰ־Կ죬Ƴʢޡ
سҲ֪˭й¶ǿӲáѰ飬õﱻ˸Ѫͷǽ塣
سñӶˣ޲ɱЩڱͷļһ

ߺӪصĵϡ
һУҰרŽѰеǰ鹭ͱ֮óɫ棬һԱд⣬ԺΣʱ̣ñٶã򣬱ؽ䷴ɣ


740 ʥ֮صĴ
Щĸ֪̽鹭Ӧ䲻򵥣޷֪˭֣֮ȷǣ˹߱ɱʥˣ
Ұܿ͸һ𰸡
ֻȴѰһ߱ɱʥˣԵ̫ˡ
ʥˣѰӡм޵аĴڣժǶ£飬ͬ٣ͬԡ
ڣȴ˵鹭߱ʥˣǵ֪жǿˡ
ȷһҰ˿̵ɫҲ΢΢Щȷ̫ףЩ޷ѹӵѪȺҫ۵Ĺȥ
߱ɱʥˣ
ƾһ㣬Ϊ֮𺧡
Ұе˼ǣѹ߱ɱֹһʥˡ
˹ȾʥѪĨɱʥ֮꣬ϹʱҲƵǾױֻǣĥأ̻ԺѪ̫࣬᳹ױ
ҰɫأѰһ飬ƾʵע䷴ɣǺҲע޷ܵģ
ѰͫһУ֮ǰɴӲԤϵ鹭֡
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ҰһɨѰһ£ڵɱ߽ˮʱ˹ݷһԲһƶѣȴܳ㱻־
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Ұ߾еĶڣɾܵ鹭ķɣһαһգ
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Ұϸ޳İָ鹭ϣһſӨ׵ͣ쳣ƫƫأȴļ£һʥζ
Ұ̲סпЩ׹ãҶɣѹһſʥͷͣ
²Ѱһʥͷǰѹʮ˿ӨͷҰƲ棬ζţѹʮλʥ˵ͷǣ
̫ˣ
Ұ鹭ؽѰóǱ֮ڴ˼ҵϵãϹŴಿľ֧֮һ
ֱ֧Ϊ䡢ȪаĪ롢⡢Ƭ𡢻⡢޴ݣ
ÿһ֧ԸӵųĿֲ
֪ϹŴಿеˣһ֣ӵżԻ͵ĹϹţ֧ܹΪȻ򵥡
ϧǣͻȪһศɵ˫ӼǺ͡ǣ깭һʹãܹӳܡ
⣬ѰȻԭΪ鹭ͱ֮֮ȻĳֺӦϵô߱Ȼศɵġ
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Ұһλ׿߼ڣһͳ˿ƲѰ֪ĶѰ벻С
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ҹѰǱʱҰһνѣѰȻ
νƥﻳѰȻҲ

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ƬԶһҰնߵľȻսѾû˵ˣɲֺΣա
ѰѾϤһУҲ񵱳һǰʱǰźĵ
ҲмھɣֵʱѰ̲סԶһһֺΡıѩʥһֻӵšԸԿɳʥԸĽ
ҲһֻȴȻѪɫɶ꣬Լһֻһİײ
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Ѱңһڵ۹ǰȺš
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Զ۹ʿУһԺܲᡣ
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ԺĴ֮;ϣעֵһϯ֮أֻϣǻĻᡣ
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ѰĿ˵һһɨůģЩˣԺԼͬʹȼս
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Ѱȭܹ֣һںһص۹һ̤ڡ
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վҪֱˣһҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬻ԺҲûĻᡣ
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⣬ԶԶشͱصݣðЩˣ
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̱ҧŴպݺһţһһ˷ݡ
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һ죬߱Ѫսͨ۹ͨ۹ӪУڽһĻĻ
ͬҲµףµĵ۹ʿԴԴϵͽ߱ѪսС
һ˻ˣפڵ۹ǰߵսϣ˲սֹ
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һݰ񵥣ϵǸӦףÿһ󣬽԰޾Ѫᣡ
һϱһĵ۹ߣڹۿӪеľ񵥡
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һһ˽ԱҲȻЩš
Ǿǰһߣһɫ־
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һڲϵľ㵱飬ϱ͵һЦЩ±ûʶ
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һߴһ±ǰУϱһߴЦȻ޶⣬Ϊһε֪ЩʱģЩ±
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ϵ飬ͬ漣˴ɫʣҪĨµӰܰ쵽ġ
һжѰ޹ˡ

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ΪϽǵĸǳ֮һڳǳפŵ۹Ĵɵ۹ֱӹϽͳԦ
ڳפһռǧĶ֮صľӪ
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ͨ׿Żɬĺһ۹ߵӰͨ߳
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ط۹УصϤؼ䣬˭ֻ¶޷пˡ
ˣ
ѰһӿһĨǿҵĳ嶯ؼңϴķ塣
ȥ꣬ȴһ¸УϴķЩѹÿɺã
ԶһϤӰûѾЦӭ


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ЦǰѰ˸ȳӵЦѾ˵ˣ߱ѪսɵúƯ¾ӵĶ˵ˣǮึˡ
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ѰһĻȻᰵǰ̩뿪ˣּƣӦĳλϽ£޷뿪һ
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ڣѾ֮ԶԶ߱Ѫսһ嶼Ϊ֮

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һ仰ѰͫȻһС
ͨ콣ڣ
̫ϤˣΪɱּҵϵһĳףͨ콣ڡ
˵Ѱִ֮ҪǰŻ磬ΪĸѱҪһԭ
ˣף
ʲôѰĬƬʵ
ϣĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˱صľŻӶҪŻǰŻС
̩ĽͣҲ֪Żӵ⹫ͨ콣һλʵȨϣ˵˾ŻӵȻӲܡ
Ѱͷ
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ʮǰΪŻԾĸй¶Ϣͨ콣ڴ֪ոճõѰڣӵСԨ񷡱츳
ȻΪ׷νġһˣٵ۹ɱּңһҹ֮ɱּҵϵˣеѰڵһرԴ
𵱽ŭصĹ֮λϵͨ콣ڵƣҲֻһ
ձ丸ףҲλͨ콣ڵĳϴߣ뿪˵۹
ھŻԾ飬Ҳܵ䣬ֱǰһʱ䣬ΪһѰйصĶԹŻֱӱأѺڻʹΪĹһӱ㣬
ֻѰȴû뵽ͨ콣ھǰҪľŻҲߡ
ȻⱳȻǾŻӵ⹫ʹ
Ѱ˼죬ʵȻϵĿģôҪʲô
̩һۣӦúйء
Ѿ֪һţѰʱȻ
̩˵ͷڵ۹УˣҲοβû㵹ǲصʲô
ѰĬˡ
ףһŻĵһޣų֮޵аĴڡ
УǸ߾츳ɱ޼ɣ񣬲йһܡ
ͷһĿĹ⻷֮ӣŻɵͳĽ
һˣѰܺ޲̾ɱȥʵվǲпģȷţԼף¾ǽ鹭ͱ֮ҲֻкСĻܻɱԷ
ʲô֮޵У
Ǿ벽߶׷У
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ңѰһǣ˽ϢѾʱף˵׼ѱñǿˣ
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ѰɫϲҲ˵Ȼ֪ҵĴڣֻҲϡ
̩ȴѰ˿̵ľܲԾ̲ס˵棬ȺƾͣǲԷƱ
ѰҡͷģֻڲһʵôҰͲҵĴڣĻгһȥʱŻøһЩ
ȷϽ֮ȴϴķһʱ䣬̽һ̽Щͨ콣ڵ˾Ҫʲô׼Ҳ١
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á
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Ѱϴķ֮ǰϤɽţбǰδеļᶨ
Ϊ˽ּ֮ңֻҪѰţ;Բ飬Ժٶݣ
ϴķۣ֮ϴĴС
һսּһڴټͰŸĸˡ
ҡС桢ֻԶ˶ڡ
֮⣬ӥͦأڴϣһëȼյ棬񿥷Ƿ
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ȻС滳̽һԲԲԲ۾ԲԲıӡԲԲĶ䣬ҲԲɷǿɰ
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զˣౣǲǶˣСһΪСһǶˡ
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СһƲʲôԲ͵СĻ
ƺܼСзٵವһ£ͻһߣ˴֮⡣
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743 Ϣ
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Զūƣ֣Сźš
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ԴϽԼеĸƴΪǰһУ
ּϽУһǿƵ̬ͷ޿赲
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ипǿѰϽһӵнɾ͵ġ
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Сһ˿ɫ߱ѪӪʱѰֻǸʮɡ
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ĬԵ£ʵЩ𶯣ѰҪıӺշ
ڣ޷͸Ѱʵɱ棬ѰӵепѾԽ
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ֹֻԶϪƺ⡢ֱЩһ־ǿߣ˿̶Եúܾн
ѰϣǸܵһּɲѪɱǶеľ
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ѰûйʩչԼƣȫ߱Ѫսɱĥһʡ
˿̵һϮ°ɫڴ䣬һԨǷһƬƽ͵Ȼǣһ־ĳȻ֮
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Ҵ˴ιò˶þͻᶯǰŻ磬һΪ˸ּЩĵϵѸ𣬶Ϊ֤ҵ;
ׯžУѰˣƽ峺ڴлصݡ
˽һǲԤϵһ
ǰϣּܹѡγһ²ż汸ˣִּ֮Ȩ½Ҳλ˵
Ѱ˵⣬Ŀ⵭ɨӴˡ
ãһƬžû˱¶κһ˿Եļ
ˣѰֱİ壺Ǿôˡ

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󣬵ϴķּҵһЩ״ʱѰЩ⡣
Ϊҵ˵Уּҵ̬ƿν˳˳ˮڽ
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ˣʦ硢¹ѧԺƱԺ۹ԺʦҲּ֮Ƶչ
ҪǣϽǣ˶ϴķּܵۻױдһϷ־Ѱ
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һԺ
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Ѱ̾ԼڶٳʱύΨһһѾǹ
ĸƽ˽ƹΪ˾ǻۣѰշ
ҲӳиҵȶѰƵ޻˵ĺѡ
أԹԵ˵ţүҴˣǽõƹ˵ֻǵ۹ʡһ̻ᣬҲǰЩ죬ŽչϽǡ
ѰʵҲ
ϽǶһ̻ᣬ⣬λӱȻ
˲жϳԳүĹʽѣӦûѡ
Ҷ˽⣬ңȻȷǷϴķϣǰЩȴֱˣ¿ЩԾ⣬Ȼʲôֵ鷳
Ѱ𣬵Ҳһ£Ҫȥһ

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˵ؼ䷱Уÿ춼Ե۹˷С
ʮǰһƬУ¿һΪõС
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˶ܿڡҳӡ
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ֵ磬һֵʱ˴ƬУˮӺꡣ
ֻΨڽôǰȴһǽһڼ侫ߣµˮйͨ˿
ڽôڣһĹѼɤڴУС֣ˣôûϴķּҵ˳㣬ǳּҵĻƤŻ˰
еһۣŰֺ꣬ĭɣָͷڶĹϣԵüš
ޣֱһԣѧԣ⹷ƨĽÿϽУ룡
ֺһıĺͲм˵㲻ϵּҵļϵãҲı䲻Ĵסǹżҵĳ裬ǱϽǵӣֻҪǹżϽǵһ죬Ǿͱٻ
棬ɫѿָ߬ģǻбһɼըķŭͺ⡣
ֺ꣬йӹձ㣬ǹ壬ɹ֪λ塱ûԼˣڵ֪ԼϽʱ㡰Ͼɱ
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ԽӹԽǵ⣬ЦԸС飬ǲ飿
ЩڴҽõĹżҲЦѡ
Ѿóŭɫ˵òֻҺҸ׵ģôͲּ֮ͷǣʱֻǹżһϣܲס
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Ե̫ˡ
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СŮȻڽеڶΡ𡱵
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үЩͨ콣ڵĴݾˣȺϴķɽ֮⣡
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ԱߣʹӳţΪʹӣģ㣬ͬܳڣԶһߡ
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Ҳ˵17ôɱ䣬룬һᾡŬȥȥŬ֣Ƿµĸȫ
ףԪںóԺúȺ棬ıģǷģ㡣


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ο̩˵Ҳûһͨ콣ڵĴ˶ԼǰսһζزᣬС

ϴķɽǰ
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Զ˶ͤһĻ뺬ЦдһĨ͡
˶ͤǴ˴ǰ׵۹ͨ콣ڳϣһλߣʵɲ⣬λҲǳȻޱȡ
ݸɾ࣬뷢˪ѩȴӨ׾Ӥִһǣ͸˸ɽֹΡơ
λСѲͨ콣ڵ洫ͽʣ·ˣˡ
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ֻһĶȴɲǼ䣬ȫüžеĿⶼͶע
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Ҳһչ־Ϊѳ쾳룬ͨ콣ڵ洫ӣӵҲ֮С
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ȫ𺧣ɫ粻ѹѰƽһս
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𣬶Ծ֮ǰҵǺܺ棬ͲĽѪڴˣѰʵ

֪
ԶҵĴﶼ㱻ЦˣʲôʱˣһﾹǰǰѵΪô׶Ըģ
˵Ĳӵȷܿ񡣡
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ȻըӡӲѹһպۼֱҪһɽ顣
һЩ쾳ڴˣȻסһᱻһ򱬣ʬ޴棡


749 
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ʱݣȷƵΣ֮һӲӵͫױһ˵Ĺ

Ӱһʧԭأһ̣ͳѰǰ
䣡
˫ΪϵĴӡɫ绡УֲֿϢ־ʿеͷƤ顣
Ѱ޾壬ϢͿ飬һԲζã͸
ķ˿ڷ⣬ӿ˵Ĺ档
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ѹ˾磬ûʩչȫңλˣǿֶǽֱڣɲùĿȥʧܵģȻˡ
˶ͤһ仰õҵĴԾһ¾
ʵϣ˶ͤĻﲢ٣ݺ˽⣬λӵźƥʵͨ콣жƵ̳ܣּ֮ס
֮ǰĸˣֻǴѡ
˶ͤȷţʼʱһעŤת͸ı䣡


750 ֮
̫ǿˣͨ콣ڵ洫ӶܣֹӼֱ˫
֮ǰ˭ڿսģҿֹȣҲˣ
Զĵ۹߽ܣеʹ졣
Щ죬ݵĴţ۹߶бƣһŵӣȴڻϯϣѹ۹һڴ˭ʹˣ
񣬼ѰչӲ£ȻݣΪ۹ߣȻܲѡ
ֻǣ˷ܲûгãȻֹ±źͽš
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˿̵ݣȼŷڵɫ棬ɫƮӲٲһͫױ˵â
˵֮ǰݣһУô˿̵һڷڵĻɽ̻ŻػٰĿɲϢҪ
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ֻǺܲ⣬֮ǰ㻹Ҫѹƾ磬ƽһսƲȴ󷴻ڣȳĪҲͨ콣һģ
ѰĻ⣬ȴһĨ޵ļõõ۹߽ЦЦúܡ
ʵȷˣ֮ǰݣǺԸرʾҪѹ磬Ѱƽһս
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ৣ
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751 ʹ
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ѰлӨ͸磬ԽĵӶ
֮ͬѰԪõõԪ۵ؽ
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ȻҲһ㣬ʶһζ֣һɫ齣
ৣ
սһα磬Σ͸׽ԷĹ⡣

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ͼսе͵طƺߣڲѡ
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Ҫѹ֣ûκεıҪһһԾ
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󵹷ɣԨһ̣ԳԼƣ̬ȫ
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飡
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̤־еļǿ֮Уսڣ޳ȻڹŻһУƵ콾һ־ԲǿߣС
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һսעҪϽǵĺ䶯²ڣһۣܹѰģֻǹŻľ
ԤС



752 
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ѰһôͻȻˣ
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̩ɹЦԺ˭˵׼ֱ䣬ʥ˶޷ƾԺ顭˭ʲô
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Ѱԭ߱ѪսнȫĥԲزԸΥʱһЩȱ©Բȫ
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Ȼױһλʳѵ޵ţ콾
ûһءԴҲϲ˿̤ϱһǿ;
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˶ͤͫһУƲµʲô㡭òҲ롭
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ͨ콣ڴݣѰǿƻˣ
ϽǣΪϢĪĺ䶯УȻ֮
Ű֮ãѰٶһˣϽǸ𶯣סˡ
һЩּԹ޲Ϊ˵ǣеܴĲѰɳ̫ˣҲ̫ɲٲǴǰƵɣѾ߱˼в
һЩּҽύ򶼰Ѻ˱ԺֻҪѰڴ֮·ߵԽԶУͻЩ洦
ҲڵϣѰԡʮ߱Ѫսս¼ҹɫѸٴ



753 컯Ū
ҹɫµϽǣƻ財
ؼҡ
ءҵĴѵõĻһá
ֻǺֵķΧȣеȴѹ֣Щһÿ͡
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˶Դ˱ʾۣ̾
ҴʮǰһЩϴķּҲ顣
ֻǣǸû뵽ԭûּңΪһѰͻȻͻµ
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ǽ죬Ѱݵһ̣õҵĴﶼʶһ⡪
ԺҪٶƺʹѹּңûʲôϣˣ
Ѱ
һλ޵ֱӣһѣ̶̼һ˳һּңԽԽ߱вʹޡ
λǲؾţܹ񣬿ɲһССܹӲġ
ϣؼִһڣʱ޷κδӣͬģҲ޷κǡ
˶٣λضӴӳ֮ʱͺͨ콣֮˳УԤԺȻŻ磬Ϊ丸ĸѱ𣬵ʱǲģͨ콣ڣôӾٲά裬˶
һҲкʵʣõٴĸͣ˲١
ȷʵѰ죬ƾ޷ϵŷ
ټڶֻ࣬ҪŻ磬עܵͨ콣ڵĴѹ
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ʱ֮䣬һЩ׷׿ڣѰ
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Ϣ̴ɫ罬ɪɪе̫źѹ֣һҪϢĸо
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һڴĬȻͷʱ˿̣Ҳֻ˰ο
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ϼ˾ͷһ棬Һߵ;ͬʶ̸УǺ¹µģֻǿϧߵĵ;̫նҪ鷳

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Ѱͷ֪ۻԼ뿪ɵһʱɲⷺһ˿
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˵ʲôѰ̲סʣʵںܺ棬ԾѻԼ
˵㣬Ĺܵ˱ô˵գ̲סɹȻЦ
ѰʼһϸһƷҲٵһЦһֱ泩о
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Ѱȴûע⵽˿̵ı龡ԱߵĴۿ۵ףߵɫҲײظһ˿ӡ
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ѰȻоһڣ̧ͷȥʱͼѻָõͷֲһ˿ߡ
˵ҿ˵ĶЩ޹ؽҪһվǻģ֮·ϣÿǰһͻñ֮ľĳֱ仯
ѰΪȻǰǺϲЦģΪΪЦõ
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Ż򣬺Ȼ̤ʥҲ޷Ʋ콾֮ǳʤҪȷʺ̨
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ŻעҪΪǿ¹֮أҲؽһǰĶ֮У
˵⣬ۻȻת׵ӿһĨâȥŻֻסһֱ㹻ˡ
ĸ֣Ѱһ

۴³һ֣ϣظֳһĨİƥ
֮һ󣬴Ϳ̤ۣ֮
ѰμסˣͶãֻǴ˿̵ӵۿ˵ʱȴĸо
Ҫ⼴ĻĴһ컯ƾģ޷֡
˵⣬Ѱ£нıֻ֮СҪסھԵǰƾǻͨ죬ıԾҲעᱻ÷顣
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Ѱૡ
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ԣţֻһЩеĸ򣬺ǳԣѰԣȴԵ
ͬһֻҪᡣ
ǧţֶ֮ͬΣֻҪƿء
Ȼյ֪ʶ顢γһڵЩһ˽еС
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۴˷ۣѰҲĲƽȫĬĬˣһֿĽ̻֮ѰҲܴ
֮ɰܵľӵ֮˴δֲ֮ԤĴ컯УͰһΪߵĻᣡ
ߣѰͫһС
۵;Ϊǿĵ;ɼϹʱֵ;Ҳ̫翣ʵ֣ڴ˴δ֮Уһ˵Ĵ֮·Ȼ䣡
Ѱܹ̤˾ȴֻǳžΨгΪġߡŻ;壬Բǰ򵥡
ߣǶӵʵʿơ
ߣȻ̤۵;Ŀֲڡ
մ۵˵УɴûгһߣȻϹʱھߵĴţҲԵú翺ͲʵȾļأѰٺͿ
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ָмȷǷԷθģǵ۵Ѻ͵㲦Ͳ֪ԭνĴ֮˶ི
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ЦЦ˵λ꺣ϹĴ֮һġ桯۹߱ѪսУϹʥΪ֮ɣֵأã⡮½硯ǰƶͼ򵥣


758 ǰ;ƺ շ
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ѰڹеġʥؾݷʥеԳһλʥˡ
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ͬѰҲڣм಻͹죬ƯںϵϹʬǧɳһ½ذ޴
ҲһλϢɲޱȵäɮԼһλӰģڻɫеŮӡ
ѰƲⲻλȻҲ̤ʥ֮Ŀֲڡ
ѰصĻŮλ꺣ʱһ׷ɱڰİ£Žӹһ٣
ʱѰȴ֣ǹ桢ʥؾڣصܾԳ󣬶Լ˽̽ѰģֻеƤëˡ
λ߱Ѫսеɣֵؾ͸򵥣Ѫݷʥֲ飬һʥĵʥﶼϧΪ֮Ѫսᣡ
ȷ½಻˼֮أЩŻ֮˵ǰƶ񤡣
ѰĬãŸп
Ϊ½硱غͲ
յ۵˵⡰½硱صĴܣΨеѰ̤߾ʱȥ˽̽Ѱ̫ľˡ
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á
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ৣ
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·ᴩʱգͷ׶Ʈ貹꣬У³С
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ѰһͷпʼƣͨŻ֮ͨ䣬һֻ˲䣬ͽĨɱûĻᡣ

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ӴһȣǳһſŲ۵Ƶġ
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ŷ֣ԼڸղŵˣҲ;ƿݵıԵ
ãҲˡѰҧҧϥǣ޸ơ
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ѰһĨԼѾܵһĪؼֲʣȴڡ
Ĵ򣬶׵۹дȱʹ˵ȫͬ
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ѰԸпݣ¾ǷڹŻУؼҲȻ٣ǿ׳㣬Ȼ̤֮·Ҳ׾ٵ顣
½ͬƶϡõ󲿷ͨһҲ޷̤еĵ;
ңŻ½Ĳͬڣشȱ
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ѰľֲùŻ߳½ʱǿΪǲܵ͡ѹơԳͷų鵽һ޼ɵĸо
ȻѰһУʶ˲ϢӦڼԶĵطһӰس߿
һԼĪʮŮһɫȹɫĳ̳˫٣ü䣬ڣģ崿ˣһֽζ
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СһԲ۾С΢ţֱؿѰͻȻֵ֮ͣһɵ۵ģ
ƷӦеɱңԵøˣҲҪˣټ
˵ţܾСƵģһ̾ͳԭ·ȥ
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ѰԼԵúͰһЩ׷ȥ
ʦ˵ˣҸİ˵ҷǻɱ˵ģ
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ѰһΡ
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СŤͷҧݣڳһ׶ģֻģ崿ôڰƵģһûС
䵱ѰӰѾʱ۴Уתӡ
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ৣ
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ѰһΣԩ޳زʶΪʲôҪɱ㣿

Сһͷ˵ĺе
һϮɫȹѣɫĳ̳˫٣ģ崿ˣֻǺԣеԺûûΣͨµСһ
·ˣ
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ʲô԰𣿡Сʣƺپͺ£һܹĵģ
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㵱Ȼ԰ﵽҡ
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Сգգ۾ţɽѽ㲻֪𣿿ôܵģ
Լһ䣬Ѿͷͻؾ˺ü䣬Ѱͷֱðߣ˵ʣͺá
СȻʹãʰɡ
ţɽĳǳ
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ѰһŮҲ̫Ժ˰ɣ
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Ҳ̫ˣֹ·ˣԴˡС峺Ĵ۾ﾡҪ߰ɣҴȥʦʦ㿴
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ѰͻȻ֣ԼСѾͷʱһҪץĳ嶯
ʣ𣡡Ѱһ
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գѰЭˣСѾߣȥ⣬ΪѾͷĻشôˡ
ι߰ɣҰе˻ʹһȥʦ
ŮһϮȹŲӯǰߴ·һͷɫķ˿ڷƮҷֻǣС
С档
ѰִŻ磬ĵһߣһԺֽĵ״崿Ů



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ľ֣ϵĲľިïʢɢŲȥһçԭʼϢ
СһǹŲӯڲݴ֮䣬ö崿ˡ
飿
·ϣѰ档

СһһɫӣСӨӨ͸Ĺ
ʱƾ޵ǣĿﵽһ̶ʱͻɱ䣬񣬿ҩҲű
С࣬߿߿飬ֻнˮ׼ֻ麣εǣҴ˴ε񣬾ǽǣɱΪнȻͿԻʦŸʦ
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ңĴУɢɢطֲһЩС磬嫺͹
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׵۹ʱѰŹڹŻһЩʱҲ𺳲ѡ
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Сҡͷ̫ңԶˣСʱʦ˵ʤɲ˭ǰĵطȥҪݺͽ棬·;֮ңԶ֮˵춼ûʲô𡣡
ѰһңԶ
ʶڣԭӵ۹뿪ʱͨľͷӦǶʤŶԡ
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ԴǼ価ǵ٩
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ȻҪ˵ʲôȴĪѻִϵ˵ˣжҪ˴УΨһҪɵĶ־ǧõڵһǱΪݵһ콾ʵǿ˴ǧõڵĵӣȻǱһȥġ
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˵һիһλʥԳƴ֮ѾʼŻ򣡡
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763 ɴ
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Ҫһ׳ŵӣҧʵ
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˵⣬ȻһüֹסˮɻѽһСǾͳ˲ĵŮˣУҲܳϴˣʦ˵ˣŮ˴деˣ

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СҲ̧СԴؿǴ󺺡
󺺱ĵбѰһۣ¶һĨ΢ЦСӣضֹ󣬾籾ģ׶һЩԸȴǺģԲСӣʳܣֻ۸㽿εεСӣֱߵ
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Ϲֳ֣ǿɱһЩޣѪȾ˵أһٽ˷ռ
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772 
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λ꺣Ѱ̴˱صŮһһߵ׷ɱ£оյӽڣ
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ȷ˵ǿϹְ벽ߣˣֻҲ޹
Ѱ֮ʣѾˣѣǷЯ棿
˻һѰʱ죬ԭΪԷ鹭ͱ֮Ĳ֮ŻԼ̸룬ȴΪ棡

Ѱûʲôģʶһֱӡžֻ档
껳ĬƬ̣棬ĵػ棬ϧΪҪǨ㣬Ѷºᣬû룬ڵܹ֮ҲӴĺۼʵο
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˵ţһӲӵķųΪһᣬں֮ǰ
ѰУ۾һϹ֡
һѰ֪ⲿطȷԣأԺͻйء
ѣԸ˳һԡѰ껵ľٶҲ⣬Щ
ˣȫͬ¸ǨֱĵҲֻʣһ˴ҵնȥ֮·ǰ֮ˣܹڴʱǰ̤Ĵ֮;
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ѰԣҲһп򽾣ţݷѾĥȴ˵һ£Ժʹ֮йأ
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Ѱвһǿҵֱ껽̸ʱ̣ɶԷ̸ºؽһֱ۷ļ
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ͬʱѰҲܵһֳѹ
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ǹεȿɲƫƫĹСӣ
Ҳ̫аˣ


773 ĺ
ѰȻÿϹָ˱ӣݶҧ飬һͳա
ӣûɱ㣬ɱ·
ɭȻִˮͰƵ壬ſֲֿ
ձǰ벽ߵһʩչ˷ƶϢǵء
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ǿ߾׷׶ܣԸ
ѰΣˣ
Сֽű䣬崿Сд˵ǡ
ˣϹַŭˣ˭ҲȲСӣСӣǿһӰɣ
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ɾڴʱһȻУӰɣñ׷ϡ
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ӣҸղֻǿЦĿܸɳǵȱ壬飬ǧٷģⱻǿϹ˵
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һǿ߶ľϹ̫ǿˣȻڰ벽Уƶ⡣
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ֻǡ
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û취Ѱˣ׷Ҳ׷ϣÿϹһǻ⣬޴йˡ
С飬ñټ㣡
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774 ӡ
ͬʱϣѰȴһҲˣЩϧͲʡ
ԭɽѿϹһƫƧĵط鹭ɱˡ
ȴû뵽ʢŭ֮µĿϹ־᲻׹ϵĻԵû׷ɱ
˫ȫͨ죬ҽǴ۽磬֮һݣ
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˵ţһϣؿС档
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⻹һͷ־
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С㻹еһԱ֪Ҫɱǵֹ侮ʯֱ̫޳ˣ
һȻӣ˵ʲôֱӱѰһ߳˴գЩܲһˣʵǡ̫Ҫˣ

ҹɫȥµһ١
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һƬɽϪУСһǹںϪˮ̾ʮͷͷɱ
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ϪԱߵһͰɽۣѰ泯նͦӰԡڳعϼУ
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Ѱϣġ
ΪߵǾ֮;ΪԲϣأһЩȱݡ
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껣ѰͲһص׹塣
ʥĴ֮ѡԼһλеĵ
һжԵ̫죬⡣
Ѱһٶ룬ʼС
֪ʱȥ
ʮֵʱѰؾأӿһĨ𺳺;֮̾ɫ
ռأǼ֮ˣ롰Ϲ񡱵֮λ
һɱ䵽Լȡ֮֮꣬˵׺ޱȣ
ϹʱһͷХأݺ˻ģ̳˲֪ٿֲ꣬ǿ߶̸ɫ䣬ŷɥ
ֻǣһ弫ϡ٣ԭĵĻ棬ȴ٣һգõùĴţҲ±ǨУΪ֪
Ѱеľֻ棬ҲǵڹŷһΪ䱦Ѫԭ׵Ѱٵõ
ֻǣȴ֪֮٣֪λá
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ЩѰɱ˲ٵǿУڡʥؾʱһЩʥӼǱ꣬ܵش
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ˡһж⡣
ΪʳҪγɱ䣬̤׶Ρÿһɱ䣬ͻᷢȫµı仯
ѰĬĬ˼׽šİԭһֱӡǲԵģǣ˲ܴʹɱͳɳ
Ѱһͽֻӡȡ˫ֽӡһľѪӡǸС
ǡӡΨˣʹָ棡
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ܿ죬Ѱ׽һƱüëһóһн
ԭСģѰǰˣ޵ǡ
䵱ʳٺʲˡ
꣡
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׽һƾ񲨶ʱѰһɹȻһЦԱ˯ܺ
ѰҲ֪ɱأ˯һǿĹ̡
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ֻǣضԶ
ѰܿҡͷҪΪʳɱ䣬ÿһνɱ䣬ҪɵҲӴ֮
ѰЩɣԺƾԼͣǷĽ
ãĿǰԣѰصһ㡣


ɱСѾһн鱻ɱΪһн
ѰҲûţСţɽѲѰټȡ
ô˻ᣬҲѰн飬ǡԳ䵱ʳ
ѰѾУǿԹģֻǼ۸䰺٣޷ڻˡ
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ϾȻ˹Ż磬Щһֱɽд󣬻ʶߵĳǳء
˵Ż½粻ͬͳ岢棬ʢ֮Ϲʱŷ
ѰҲȻ
ûٵ飬ţɽˣǰݣ



775 ׶
ٴţɽ뿪ʱܲᣬһįӣҪСһӵΪ
չ˫ʱͱѰһ߷ɳȥһҽУƨɣҲһʱ˵ӡ
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䣬ͼŵĨƵģһӵӰ٣ٶ֮죬ѰС涼Щ㶡
Сűӣֻ͸ˣȲҪ̰ɫһڲٶûУʦ϶ֱˣΪʦ޵ľɫӡ
ۣѰΪȻֻǵʱѰסһЩԥǷҪȥݼСʦˡ

ݡ
ޱȣһ磬侳ɽڶࡢǳǧǧƵ顣
ġ塱ߴڻȺ
һ֮أͱ½һ׵۹Ľ򶼴࣡
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ѰɺֻܽһݵĽ򶼱׵۹࣬ۼĶ׵۹޷ĵط
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ڵ۹Уۺ͵ۺ󡢹̨ϵϼ˾¹ѧԺеԺɶӵи귭ֶεĿֲڡ
ҲЩߴϵŷУߣ
һͿԿ׵۹λ½磬неƶ֮ء
ƬУȴ˲ö֪Ŀɲ̡

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ݵ֮أǻݾʥأÿ춼ߣӻط
ԭܼ򵥣ݵĴǧõڡɽšɡɣԼ¡壬̾ڴˡ
ֵ磬׶ޱȣˮ֯
ѰСڿĽֵϡ
׶һĻɫ񷸩ǳһ޴ޱȵĻ澧ʯ
ںܾ֮ǰ׶һһͷһõնȥΪ񡱡
Ȼֻһִ˵˭Ҳ޷жαҲΪ˵׶жһĨصɫʡ
Ѫ˦ѩɽϵжһȪһڣĶҩһ飬ֻҪǧƷ裡
شϲѶԼʮ֮ڣƸɵʮߴǰڿν󣬱ֻһٿƷ裡
һƣһȸ洫طƵġⱦ衯ֻҪŰپʮ˿Ʒ裡ʲôλû˵ɾ͹ªˣϹʱ塮ⱦ衯Ƿµ鵤ҩһţഺפϣλѣżߣҪҲֺ֪ĻģǮ⣬ġ
ߺ˷쳹쳹ڽֵϿգ֣Ѱ۽硣
֣Щ̷УһЩȺ飡
Ŷǣͷ巢˿ĺᣬȴһִ̼磬Це߶۸ҩ
ֻаƴСһͷ׳ƯСŮһͭҴСľСȺӵطڽֵϣڷزġۡ
Զһɵͳһãϵ
һȺͼ塱ʦǴͼƤ£ͭɫģªɫϺƽ͡
нġߡ㼣鲼£Ƕе֮·
ˣóȸˡó֯µ˵ȵȣģǧٹ֣ѰҲǴ۽硣
Żųɾǿš
ǣϵǰЩѰһ춯صĺñһλ־ǿһءǴ󲹣ϡ˫޷šãԻ˼ЧҪͱ㡣
һü۵Сӹչһ׿ǣ̶ֺۣһֶصʡ
ǹᣬױϣȺнҲǶϲľǾĹѨнĵĹ
壿

Ѱͷֱðߡ
ֻǻѰ˵ʲôǹӾ͹ֽһһ̾ʹܽ˺УӵӰ١
ûã𶯣һȺɣСɽ㣬ͨŲӲӽĴ󺺾ͳõôһ󼦷ɹ
ŭ壬Ѱʲô
ģǵĹˣүүĹүүŸˣֱ
Ϊһ۾ڷ졣
Ѱæܿɫȴù죬ϳȺƥľ޺Ȼĺᣡ
ȻҪץľǸղǹӡ
ֻѰж񺮵ǣǹ֮ǰҪԼġڵǿߵķĹ
Ѱ磬Ҫȥʦˣһȥ𣿡ԱߣС溬ڣڳһӳ̷Ŀѩ⣬ӹĹĵģС͡
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Сʦĸ߲һ£ѰԸðȻݷá
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ޣҲáСͷ
Լһص㣬СȥѰһ׶й
Ż磬ҪϤһУУ¶ѧʣˡ
˵ţɽĻԵ֮أѾԽԽǿע⣬ڴݾ
󣬲ɽ۵ƻҪʼˣ˵εƻʢǰඥ콾룬ϧԶԶʸμӵġ
ɺޣڸղţˮݡ˼֡Ĵ˷ٺһ׶лʮʤһǻһУûпɿһս֣֮۸ǻ˰
һ·ϣѰй䣬ȴҲ˵Ϣʹţڻ䶯Ĵ¡
ѰҲζֱʱԭ·أ߽һջС
СԼĵط
ֻǣѰ߽ջһӵĴ
ʲô˼ִˣСһһߣٺھͳͱһս


776 ͻȻս
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼջһ룬һɫ齣˰صꡣ
긽һӡ
ӵĴһӡ
ǵĿ⣬뿴ջһյķţȻ԰˼ֵķٺӦþС
һģսٺˣ
ջһȻϳǱɫ齣ݡ
ң˻ݡ塱֮һƾùϣݾźܴӰ
˱ǿƼģһеĶɫ׶жϺ֮еķ
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Χ۵ߺ˷ܡ
Ѱ֮ǰڽйʱһ·Ҳ˵ٹǰ˼ִ˷ٺϢ
ˮݣᣬս׿ʺ͵̽Կƾޡ
һǰٺ׶̨սԾ
ǿ̬һ·նСԾٳԻݲͬһٸйһܣ
ºܿͺ䶯׶ֵ÷зõûһǿ߼֪˷ٺ֡
˼֣һˮݲţȴΪһǿķٺһӱ֪
ֻǣڻһ߶ԣٺվһߡ
ٺȡõսԽҫۣɾԵǻһߺܡ
»һĳ裡
ѰĹڷٺϢƫ͵ӡ
ԽˣѰоⷽٺ򵥣ڹһǰݣΪʢ׶֮أ̨սڻݵһ֣һǣͲһܹӵеġ
ٺ𣿿
ô֪Ҽҹǰ㷴Ӧսˣ
㲻Ǻܿ𣬽ǻһУûܹһսôȴŶҳˣ
Щҵӻڽζʮ㡣
ãǽյķвŴһһȺèҲǰҽϽĪҪޡ
˻ȻȻѡ
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㾹ǰèЩôС
һֱȴģ˿ҲüɫһĨ⡣
˻ֹ֣סǵĻ̌ͷǽյķţٺˣھߣҽսھ͸ҳҪ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣
£
УٺĴЦˬһɿҰζ׶֮ò㣬ҷĳԷΪ
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صˣڴʱҾԷΪ
У̽ץסɫ齣ӰһٿȻϿջ㣬һĨĿâ⣬ǽյķȥ
Ҫȷٺһս
ڳ˷׷׺ȲΪĴ˾٣й⣬û׹ǻн硣
ݺЦ
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ͬʱһĨâէ֣ƽףɲ׹⣬ڶ
һɲ۾ʹΪ֮޷ʵ
䣡
ײľмɣ˱飬ֲâŰɢÿջһЩ趼촷ۡ
ջвзͼȴ޷ͻһƻ˴Ŀˡ
Ȼ˾ͼĵӰȥĿ죬ĸ죬һֱɣ¡һڵϣذұ¶һӡ
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ϵһǱɫ齣ʱŷбǰѡ
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ȻѰֻǸ·˽ɫɲΪĸе֪
ЩȵǣǷٺʵȷһеĿš
쾳Ϊѣȴӵżɲĵ󣬰Եʮ㣬Ȼһ˲õطС
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ѰһУԸпǰЩǧõڴеޡ
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һ͵һ棬ұͽһȴҲ֪֮ȣ֪
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ȻٺĿƳȺеѰʱƲʲô絶ĴһĨȻȡ
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бһĨʢɣһѰٵֵϲ̬֮ΣԵúֱӡ
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ڣȴˣ
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˺棬ϴѰ
ѰԼû뵽ⷽٺֱӣôһܣ΢΢һ
ҡͷл˵ɡ
Ѿ˷䣬˵ʱֱ𲽣Լȥոյִ׶ʲôĿܻʲôȤȥһλˡԾдˡ
̫ˣڳЩ߽Է㶲ѣһؾ;ܾˣ޿֣ηˣ
ûϵҵ㡣
ٺ΢΢һЦ΢̣ʣһаȸо
ֻòʣⷽٺȷǸڵӡ
ȻǰȺ޷âĿһ
ֻǣܾ˿ΪȻ֮ǰſַ̬Ӧˡ



777 ƽͷ
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ջһʶܱٺսȻѰˣ
ѰղԷٺʱִݵȻ̬ʱЩָ߽Īĸо
һ飬һ﾿Ǻηʥ
ܿ죬ջЩߴҴҶȥһҪ̽Ѱ
ʵڲԸٴȥˣٺ̫ſ񣬸ղѻޱȣҲûʲô
ٺûЩȥߣǽĿ⿴Ѱڵķ䡣
˼ˣгֳһɿ۵Ķ֡
ӿâջĿ⣬¶һ΢Цת߽Լ䡣

꣡꣡
ѰУһϸֻСͨڵڻؽʳ
Ƭ̹Ѱнʣнͱʳһա

ֻûԱɢһƾ񲨶
ѰʱͷۣЩСһֻСҲ̫ܳˣżѣѳԵн
Ҫ֪һн񣬿̺ٵǣ
Ҳζţɱٵͷ麣ΪϵĿܻһн
ɶԣԵһн񣬽ֻҪƬʱ䣬һԲ
Ѱܲͷ
׶йʱҲ½粻ͬŻڽʱΪС
ʮ߽龧൱һƷ衣
һٿƷ裬൱һƷ衣
һٿƷ裬൱һƷ衣
ϣһ½񣬴ҪһٿƷ裬ҲһƷļֵ
۸񲢲ߣǻΪ߽龧һ½൱һǧ߽龧
һǧ߽龧㹻ѰˣŻȴֻܶһһٿƷ裬߶һһ½񡭡
˶ԱȣͿ֪ŻУļֵǺε֮;ˡ
⻹ֻ½ļֵ
һнҪʮн裡
൱һǧƷ裡
һ뵽ֻ棬ʱ䣬ͳԵнҲǧƷʱѰЩڡ
ͶҲֲ̫һЩ
ֲϹʱ֮ϡ٣ǻҪĴۣͲ˭ܳܵġ
Ѱһ̾
˴ǰŻ磬ֱеҲЯ˴ĸ߽龧
ǶһΪƷ裬ܹܶһ飬൱н衭
ҵףŽֻ򵽰н
Խ룬ѰԽƣ棬һȺ˲¹ͷѪ棡
ץʱ׬Ǯ
ãѰһҧϡ
ֹΪ˻棬ԺڹŻʱûгĲҲעǴ粽С
Ҫǣɲֻǻҡ
һȻ̺ż洿߽֮龧̫ˣһȫܹ㶴졢־ʿճеıرƷ

һ磬ѰӴջһ㣬Ҫһˮ
Щɻ󣬰ʱ㣬ʱٰѾĻ
ֱڣСȴûԼѵǷʲô⣿
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ѰЦЦԼࣺѰ
˵ʱѰע⵽ڿջһУŲߣĿڴԼ
ԭֹӡ
пֱһֹ࣬ӣҲҴ˴ҲǷǰҪһʣǷȤͷٺԾһ
ѰһΪλͻȻҵң
пĿһɨܣѹӣ췢ڿջе飬Ƕ֪ˣ˵ٺսȴܾˡ
ѰжʱȻͷȷд¡
пճȴӣȤͷٺԾһʤԸóһǧƷΪܹսʤٺ
˵⣬˱ֱָóһٿн裬Ϊı꣡
ѰȲѣѾ֪ļֵһٿн裬һʼıˣ
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пջһתЦֻһССӦ£壬ȥͷٺԾ
ѰˣҪԼǹʹȥԸٺ
Ǹһ£ˡѴӦ
ѰֱӾܾˣȻĿǰȱǮҲԸ䵱еĵ
пһ㶣Щû뵽Ѱֱܾӡ
̲סҪٿǿǣӱ̫٣ȫǿԼģعҲǻݡ塯֮һۺޱȣ귽棬Ƕϲùʧġ
ѰЦҡͷǮʤĻᣬֻ²ֹ壬ôˡ
пռˣ̾Ϣһ㳤𣬸Ƕȥ
ֻǣѰüǣпոߣʱ½½һЩǰ̸
ǽԺпһԴŻݲͬҪȥͷٺԾҶŵ֮
Ѱ붼룬ȫƴˡ
ҪҪһȻһ޳Ӱ֣žƺ;ƱѰһλϡ
һϮۣŨܵĺڷɢ絶ĴһŴŶаϢӣǰ˼ִ˷ٺ
лˡѰٱһ
÷ٺ΢΢һЦΪѰһƣ㿴ͱûʲô𣬿Уͱ˶һʲôʱȤˣ׶д衣
˵գ㳤һƺͳջȥ˰أлһſϡ
ˣ໹ﶺ¡ȻٺͷѰһ䡣
ѰŶһӦˡ
ٺЦЦת߳ջ⣬Ӱʧãã˺С
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ջһЩסˣ׷׸뿪
ЩߵĽ̸УѰ֪ٺӽ׶֮ÿ峿ǰ׶ͻһǿ߶Ծֱĺɫʮ֣Ż᷵
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Ѱ˼
ֵʱɲСӰ֣Ѱüôȴȥɲǰ취
ȥ
ֻǣ߳ջţϴһ󾪺·˵Ŀ⼸ˢˢ񷡣
ͼУȻͶһƬӰư㣬ʵһͷ޵̫Ӵڱ⣡
оſףɽ޴󣬸ŲӲӽ⣬ƽɡ
ƽͷԣ
һͷֲ飬Ϲʱźպ
ſͷ­ֱƿһ츳طɲ׵꣬ɷݵأͨ죡
ڣһƽͷԣȴֻһߣΪ䱳ϣһ͵Ĺ
ǹԣѤóʢаɸߣԵûֺʥޱȡ
ʱһȺŮʥ֮ǰƾ̸ЦһпŮֱһȺ


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Ϲֻƽͷԣһʥҡڤ֮£
龰õ׶߽Աɫ𺳣ȳ棬ʵ̫ˡ
ǿǻƽͷ԰Ŀֲ飬ƣֻ±Ȱ벽߶Ѷãڣȴֻܳ䵱ߡ
߾̾е˼飬ͬĿһ񼣡
ЩŮ˭һֱٳɾѣһͲѰ֮
Ҳע⵽һʥǰһŮһ󲻷Ӳǳҫۡ
ܹԦƽͷԣĸԸԷһйɲһܹ쵽ģĸϵͳΪǰӲ˵绹ڣ
ߺɻȻ
ǰǵȷ龰˵ƽͷȿֲ̫֣Ϊ˳䵱ߡ
Ե̫ף
زˣǲߣҲ²ⲻӦһʮµĹϵͳ
һλ߸п˸ȺĻȻ
ѰͫһУȵͳԡΪԵ̫Ѱˡ
ƽͷԣӵǱʥĿֲ飬ܹģУΨȼϵͳܹ쵽ⳤ֮һ
λĿд׷֮ɫпǿŵй߾ʮɣ̫ͨͣдʥ֮ʥ屦Ҳֻôһ
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ڣһͷƽͷԣһʥʥ֮ǰƾһŮǵɣֻ¾߼ˣҲ޷ƽ
ϧǣͷƽͷԺܿʧڤԶ޷Ҳֱ˿ֵ̣ϵ˲Ŵѹ
ˣǰЩӣһλϢ˵һλҪǰݷáիʥŮƲ⣬λòԳɣ
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ѰҲ޷ƽ½磬Ƕ޷ʶȳġ
пǣŻĵ̵ȷ̫ˣ㶼ܼʶһЩʥɫʵ˺Ҳ½޷ġ
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ղڹǻƽͷŵĳʱԼ֮䣬ЩƾһŮУƺһϤӰ
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ԭѰȥѰѾͷû룬Ÿ뿪ջţˡ
Ѱ磬ղͷҲ𣿺ְȻžſԴһƯϵɾһҲȥһⱲӻҲֵˡ
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СȷǸŮûѰеĲȻصͷѽȻˣʦôΪģ˵һ֮أɲǰ򵥵顣
Ѱüǰʤ磬ѵлʲôɣ
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С۾ؿѰһϣ
£ѰҲʹӦСʱȸԾĺӡ
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СָͷඣˣѰţɴˣǰһֱȾǰһУǼڵ׵λá
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Сܱģţ㵱ʦǳصģ㵱ˮʦǳصģ㵱ʦҲǳصģ˵Һһʳܣҿǣ
˱ģѰᡣ
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һ뵽ǰЩţɽʱСȳݵģһԼѰˡ
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779 Ӳ
ֵ֯Ϸˮ
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ѣ֮٣ǷѸ𣬳Ϊ£Ŀ콾ɣΪṩ̨
ϢԻݱСǵѩѾʤʮųսۻǧŰٿƷ裡
˵ѩľޱ֣ѾɽŵһλϿУ⣬ܿѩͽΪɽŵĴˣӹɣǰĬĬѾҪǿˣ
ѣĶжֻҪͳͳ㣡

һ۳ջɿɫʣһȺһȺŮӵһΪĽУԵü֡
ѰקСĸ첲Ҳˡ
һս̨ĵطԵ̨ս߱ս
޵߶ԣ뵽ֶԿУֹԺǿдĥ¼ֻҪӮˣԻһ轱
Խ˶
Ǳֵ㹻ޣпܻᱻŴУ¼Ϊͽˡ
һЩȴпı˵˶ԣɾ߱żջ
Ͼϣɲ˭ʸЩŴеġ
ѰǰĿĺܼ򵥣һСĽ棬ףʲô۲ʶ̩ɽˮɶ
Ҫ׬Ǯ
ʶԼ涼Ҫ֮ѰеľͲòת׬Ǯϡ
ĴڣɸѰһϲ
ֹĥ׬ȡǮƣֱרΪ׼ģ
ӣս̨Ծ
տţһС˾ӭ׶ȧݣķƨϻðһ޵ɫβ
Ȼᡣ
ҲϹһ֣һֻӲӵĴ󹫼һսƽӹȴ̵ľ츳
̨Ծ
ѰڴһС۾ȳѰ߽ڡ
ڱж죬տޱȣڲһ̨ÿһ̨Բз׿ͼ
ܣǹϯ
ѰСսһ˾Եޱȡ
ͼУһ̨ݼҶԾܣط糱Ѥͷס
ڹϯϣɽ˺ѹѹͷߣŮ˷ܴСźΪԼֵ֧ѡֺȲʣΪĳλѡֵʧܶϧ
һЩֻ֮Ҳܻƿڴһࡣ
ѽС澪̾
ǣ߹սۼģ׶оԳƵһˮ׼
С˺ܽ˵ʱѴѰĵǼǴ
ӣĶԾ̨֡
һͬԾʤ߿Ի˫
ڶǿ羳̨Ծ̨ս˫УΪͣȴԻʤߣԻıʤΪΪߣӱ
޹Ծ̨䡢ΪֶΡ֮ûй򡣡
ֶԾʤ߿Ի屶ǰǩԼһḺ𡣡
˵⣬Сʵ֪ҪѡһֶԾʽ
һ֡ѰҲͻش
羳ԾԵúۣѰɲͷģν³׳ǵ͵ȽϺá
޹Ծ־߱һΣԣһһƵϹսû취С
Ѱĥ׬ȡģͬðա
С˶ʱ¶һĨʧصĶԾʽҲζܹȡ沢ࡣ
С˻ǺܾĵذѰǼһ䷢һơ
ƾƣͿڶԾ֮ȡꡣ
ӣھҪ̨Ծ𣿡Сʡ
Ѱͷ
СȳڣǺãһٿƷ裬һƷ衣
ҪѣѰ졣
С˲㷭ۣһ˲жϳǰȻǵһβμԾһʲô
˵׼һﻹǵһ׶
Ͼе̨ԾĹأǳʶ׶еСƨһ
ӣҪ䵱ѺսˣͻΪĶֵĽͬгȡһɵĳͣԼڳйĦĦپǷ̨Ծ
СĺʧоѰǲ׬ȡٳˣ̬ҲͱЩܡ
ҪɣѰ
Сԣ̬䵭ˣص˵ͷ
ѰĻῴ㣬ҲúͶԷƽϣóһѶһõƷݸ˶Է
ƺСһ뿪̨Ծȥ
ֻǣûԶʹС˳мɧߣһ֪ĸƧܳļһʲôҲ͸̨Ծȱʱ޵ʱ򣡡
Ѱɫһڣ⻹ûʼԾأȱС˸ˣ
Ѱ磬Ǽһ￴㰥СûûεЦ
Ѱޱ飺ģڵʱ򣡡

ʮźͬԾ̨
Ѱȴţܿ͸ֵˡ
ͬԾ̨ߵԵú壬ཻڴˣ羳Ծ̨޹Ծ̨Ǳߵȴޱȣ
ϯϵĿ⣬󲿷ֶעǱߡ
ϾЩԸĹǻǮֵģͬԾԵúйоأԶûֶԾĴ̼
ûãֵѰ̨Ծˡ
СҲˣӴѰչҪ鵽ףֻ̬ȴ⣬վǣһĲɵģ
ѾָѰ׬ȡɣͲѰϽܣȻڳʱ䣬ȥӴȥ
ף
ȻС۾һ˼ѰԾĶģҲϳ˶Էݡ
ʱֻţͷƢļһȻˣСӿɾͲˣ
СЩλӵĶţ壬ţģԸ뺷ֱսҲбѪȣԾǿߣˣǴȱ첲ȵĸżʡ
СһתԱߵС˵һЩôһܰæţ˵һһЩϾλģҲǿ㣬Ǳݣ߱˲зϣǺ̫ˡ
ǳûҪôˡ
ϧС䵥һЩҲɵգգ峺Ĵ۾ǿ̫ˣѰ̫˵ĳ治۲ʶ̩ɽý˻ᣬѡ
С˶ʱһжѰȻһĨͬ飬һﲻֹûʶܲŮӻӭ
ţģſֽţúúλһ棡
С˴УһûģԸ˷ʱ䣬ͲѰϽܣ
̨ϣһ׳¶һѩ׵ݣɭȻŶѰһЦģӲСУͲ̨
ţģţ壬ӵжϾΪֹɤҲܴһɷģ޼ɵشѰʮ㡣
ѰЦЦǾһ棿
ӾϲӲͷʹ죬ϣһҪӲףǧӻûˬأͳˣ
ţĴЦɤ
Ѱǳ鴤ͷֱðߣʲôӲףʲôлûˬˣ
ô˵
ΧһЩԣҲЦϷʶ죬Ѱһڡ
ģȻˣ
ѰǣʱС澹Ӷŷ۵СȭͷеѰ磬һҪӲװ
Ѿͷʱʲô֣
ѰƣţĵɫҲòԾһĽѵ
ս
ԥֱӿڡ
٣СȲҲãҲ̲סˬһˬˣ
ţĴЦһŲһ̨̤һ׳ͻһӰѰȥ



780 
䣡
ţ׳⣬ӳֳһͷţӰǿգ̤ɽӣܺǬ
ţ壬츳طһְ׺ƣ侪ˡ
СҪ꣡СĿо
ţҲġˡˣһһǿߣս׺ᡣ
ΪĶ֣һֲңΪֹᱻܣᱻ˴ȱ첲ȣ³ҡ
С˺ȷͬԾ̨ϲɱˣţЩֻһغˡ
ڣöŮϲ꣬עΪţһ°ܽҪ
СЩֵǣߵ崿ŮȴԼһһĨ֮ɫƺ̿ȥ
ֻȴ̨ϵţĶȥ
С椿ƯƯģɸòȱ۰ɣ
С˺ܺɡ
䣡
ڴʱһ춯صײС˶죬ǰֱðǣһ򣬲Եڵء
ģţôһ͸ô󶯾òһɣ
СԹѹ˲Щһֿܶڴ飬һʱ佫Ŀ⿴̨ϡ
뿴Ҳ̶õ³
ǡǡ
̨龰һ˲ѣСӲ첱Ӵ֣סѼӣһĿӡ
̨ϣţ׳˶˿ȴǱع̨Եʹĵ
ؿλãӡһӡѣףָ̺ɼպݺӡһ¡
ȫɵˡ
֮ǰǻЦɫϷʹ죬ΪѰҪ룬˿ȴţıɳȥˡ
ңǱƮƮһƸշɵģ
Ե̫𺳣ղţĺε׺ɽѹġ
ڣȴǱڵأ۳ʹУ˶㲻Լ۾
ԭѰǽģڿҪˣô졭
С̾üֻͷţ֮ǰţģڿҲ̫ˡ
СԣѪ
ԭѾͷղ¶֮ɫ֪ţĲа
ʹ죡˸ӲĶ֣Źˬ
̨ϣţһƨɷ𣬲ɥŭһϲúͿܵӣЦѡ
Ӳ
ĴţȻԼ
ѰֲԾ鴤ԨĺһΣյ
䣡
ţһγһƵСɽͣڹ磬ڳֲˡ
ڱ飬̨һƬзڣƬܵƻɡ
ȻˣԶһЩ߿õսľ̫ǿˣţţģԵǿ֮
飡
ֻǣֻǰһһײڵţģһαѰƮƮһշɳȥ
ؿڶòݣһͨһſڵϣڱѪ̨òһ¡
ֻţ˸о۵ûš
𺧣ʶǺţĶԾ꣬һز¶ĸ֣
ţƺε֮ʢõţĹϴط쾳ǿߣֻ͹ˡ
ǰţȴԵ̫ˡ
ΣǱƮƮһƸշɳȥƾţĶǿƣһ֮Ե̫ˣ
һʱ䣬˿ѰĿⶼˣһĨɫ
𣿡
Ѱͦ㣬ǣ̨̤ڶŲһ
ţĲѪգ
䣡
ٴγ˱һͭ޲棬λδ۾һɨǧԣٲ¡¡ѹա
ѰЩȻ쾳ǿߣ֮עҪ˲𣬿ţȴأԵúͣԵúܲ
Ѱһһʵ޷ͷţ״ˣֻ·ǱСЦɡ
飡飡飡
ʱУţһһγÿһζѰֱӲӲķʽɳȥΧһ߽Ŀɿڴ
ϵǿײɾ̫޷ƽ
ţ飬жദˣǱ֮һȴս¯ȼա
Ʊ׺ᣬ类ŭϹţһͭ޲ȫ
ٿѰƮҷ̬ݶƽһ־֮
˶Ծ̨֮ϣǿҵĶԱȡ

̨ϣţһαſ£ڳ鴤˶Ŀã˿̵ģ̫ˡ
ȻˣЦӺòһ֣Ŀ䣿
Ѱòһ˿һսڶ쾳лģⰤĹȴһ
գţĻǰˣûһõĵطܵˡ
첻ˣ˺
ţĴϢڣɶ־ȷûս֮Իսȥ
𣿡Ѱʡ
ţļѵشӵҡͷ
˵ţһȳһյ̨һĻΧһУҲȻһɾ
ô˵ţǽսĶ־ȷټ˶ݡ
ˡ
Ȼ̨ţĻͷĿƵؿѰȻҲȴò˵ȷӲģ
Ѱɫһڣ̲סȥ˺ͷţͣú˵𣡣
̨һ࣬С˳ɵۣɫ粻һսĻˣȴȫϡ
ǿţ͵ţģ
ȴȻˣ
군ˡ
Сһ뵽Լ֮ǰԴѰķ̬ȣͺڵú޲øԼӣᡣ
Ĳϲ꣬һ֣
֮塱еĴ˶һҲѷɫ
̨һЩҲ˽һսط֣ģİ꣬һλнԲ𶯡
ӣղС飬˲С˹С˳嵽̨ǰЦݱŭŵľջãŨŨζڲȹʧϣõѰԭ¡
ޣһ̫ûˣղɲô˵ġСܱģһڡ
ڵ̨ԾԺ˵ѰбСһۣ̬Ⱥܲ
СЦݷĶڵѪʶǰλСүǲԭ
һ̬ȱǫһа취ӣչ̨սڴ֮ǰһӵϢʱ䡭
˵꣬ͱѰϣЪϢˣŶְɣҸʱ䡣
ʱ䣿
Сһ£ͷһ˱һĶԾɡ
ɲɣͷøСһæȥѰһԾߡ
ѰȻǸʱ䣬ֻ޵ʱڶ׬ȡһЩˡ
ţģѾ˫ҲǶٿƷ裬ȥȡһɷãһٰʮƷ衣
ץʱ䣬ĶʵԺţĲĻһʱսʮңֻҪ˳ղܹһǧ˰ٿҵƷ衭
ѰĬĬ㣬óĽ⣬۾
Ȼһõطֹĥ׬ȡһʷĽ
ΨһѰģȡķʵ̫ˣȻʮ̾ż飡


781 С
ڽʱС̬ȱޱȳ
ӣǼһͩһǿߣ̫ҾսȺһʱ䣬ѾӮʮų
ӣҪģԾʨеĸ֣ӵʤʮҫս
ӣ
ÿµĶֵ̨С˾ͻѰһ̬Ҳǫ飬΢
֮ԻˣΪСȫŵˡ
Ѱֱ̨̤ڣѾԾʮ߳Ҳʤʮ߳һܼ
СĲǣѰͲЪϢһΣÿһζӮøɾ䣬ֱ񲻿ɵ
Ҫ֪ںѰԾǿУɲһЩսĺݽɫһ⣬ԱѰȫѹ
Ҳ̫ˣλСүǺηʥΪδ˵ţ
СԴ£𺳵㱣Դ벻ټĻУʲôʱһλ콾
һһǿҲˣѾõĵڶʮ˳ʤ
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֮ǰ߹עͬԾ̨սɰѰһ·նǿƻһһ֣ܿԽԽĿע⡣
ֱڣʮź̨ٲȻ˳Ŀ̨֮һ˺ܴĺ䶯
˭
ĪĳŴĴˣ
䣬Բʮ꣬Ѿڶ쾳ӵɲһ콾
𣬽ԱѰıޣ׷״
ĸ߲㶼ʼעѰսɳֿʼ̽ѰһС
պܻ𱬣õʮź̨ϵѰҲǳΪһƥĽɫǿɱ˵ҰС
ΨСƲ֣ѰʤԽ࣬Խơ
ˮɶĳ治ⲻ֤Ҿֻĳ桯𣿡
СߵǣƫƫأֻС棬ֻһ־ͳġĳ桱
ȻձЩžһ߽һԵӡ
Ϊڴ˿̣ʮź̨ϣѰѻõڶʮųʤ
Ұе꣬һ׶мһܣ
ݣѾӮʮΪѩҫ۽ɫ
ѩ񱣳ӮʮųԾһܼ߼¼
ţѩѱ֮һɽſУΪ䴫ˣ
һƫƧС߳ԣֱԾţݴӴһױòͬˡ
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β𺳣
νʤָһ̨ʤܵĴ;˳ʶѶȲһĴ
ѰѾʤʮųһһҫ۽ɫϯϵǿ𺳿֪жˡ
˿ͻȻüžһ֤
̫ˣ̫ˣ
С߬ȭͷ򼤶£ŷ졣
Сˣ̲סôһѵûһܺѰԴ𣿡
󣬿žУȴԵΪʱùϯһߵɫù
Ůʲô˼
ڰƺս
һЩ뵽̨ԾеǿԣһɫһʶΪǶǵһӺƣҺֱӣ
һʱ֮䣬Щǿ߿ѰĿⶼòƣ˻ҩζ
̨ϣѰԭϲ̵ʤʮԾԼܻöٽɵ˻ʱһǶ鴤
С棡
ѰתܻسѾͷֱ޵һѺ֣һ仰Ϊʸ֮ģ
Ҫ֪֮Բ뵽ԾУֻΪĥ˳׬ȡһЩѣɲѰ϶£ӺȺ۵ģ
Ѱ磬ѵ˵д𣿡
Сһ¶޹ӡ
ѰַƵѪȱ۵ŮǸͽͲģ
ֱӴ̨Сĸ첲ͳߡ
ͬʱѰԸСˣ˭͵ˣȥҵĽȡһ£Ҫ죡
ӣСĲС˭СжˡСæǰĽ͡
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ѰƣԭӮȡһЩ裬ڿֻһ뿪ˣ򣬷ǳΪСɡ
ϣԵȡæӦУһ̾ȥˡ
ѣټսǰһƬãϾǳѩļ¼ʱˣ̫ϧˣ
ϯϣѰҪһЩ߶ʱ̲סˣ
ӣƼ¼ܹʮһԶһٿн裡ȷҪˣ
ԣѰǰڣʮһٿн裿ȻԼˣ
꣬ʹߣǲˣ
һЩΪѰӵѡֶܷŭ̺ڿࡣ
ôһжԭҲˣֻڣ
ӽǸһĽѵɣ
Ѱƣ˵ҧЩһﻹ湻ģ浱Լη
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СѾͷղ˵ĻȻЩֱ̫ӣѰеͬԾ̨ϣ̤ͬ۵;ǿˣ˿޷Ѱеκв
ѰĵźǣǸ˵ֻⷬ»ͷŭЩŷˡ
ʵտƾ˭ţ
ǰһſ£֤һУĻԵֳ̫ۣĶҲ̫ɲѰҪġ
գѰǱһǻƣ뿪һܷͷ
ӣ𣿡
ǰС˶еĽݸѰѰ˲١
Ѱڵ
ߣҲû˼ûܺѰԴģҲ̫
СӨС죬ܲ
ֻǻû˵꣬ͱɫҪڵѰһʱסͣҴ뿪
ӣϰ˵ˣ̨ԾȡĳɷֱӼ룡
ںߴѡ

ջ
֮ѰŰɿɫƵؿСףС氡ô˴ң
Сǰ˫崿СƲֵֻǲΪĳ档
ĳ棿Ѱһʲôɣ
֮ǰɶ˵ˣĳ治
С˵ҽС棬ĳ棡
ѰǴ˴ֲ֧Цĳ棿С棿õľ䣡
ôЦ𣿡СĹĵģ峺Ĵ۾ݺݶѰݾӨѩףҧѰһڡ
ֻǾãȡ治Ѱ˵ţ̲סЦˡ
Ѿͷľֽĳ̶ֳ϶ԣȷʵͲĳżơ
ȻΪǻѰǵزٶ˵ˡ
ѣǷҲԳĵʥգ
Ȼһѵ𣬿ջ⣬ٺ޳Ӱ˽Ŀ⿴Ѱ



782 ʱ
ѰһͷӦ
ٺ˵ӦþǽԻƽͷΪݣʥΪйĳˡ
ֻǣѰʱֻһЩɰŮ֪˭ǳĵʥˡ
գ
һܶضӡ̵֡
պѰʡ
ٺѰһλã絶ĴǷһĨлȣһľ콾һ磬ȻѰɫ
һ磡
Ѱٸв죬Щˡ
磬ųǧݾһ֮أһС硣
֮ȣĽֻ֮ҲѶá
ⳤĵʥգȴ磬֪Ǻε֮ҫۺ;
壬ϹʱǼĴ壬ܹ޾±ǨӴ񣬿ֲ֪̺֮
գ壬ǵϵᣬһλʥˣ
ٺظпԭԵ֮ʱһĳ츳Ϊغ;ڰ볤֮󣬸չ¶˸Ǳ͵̡
ʱѲֻǳʥӣһ콾еĶԺիĵʥŮ
˵⣬ٺбһĨȻâųƵľ콾֮գԶһ磬ȻŻҲֻһСˡ
ѰüЩԾ
ٺһλһľȴⳤ޲ڣ֮ʣһͿԿյĵλǺε֮Ȼˡ
ٺһתȻŻ̫嫣˭Ҳ޷ȷжٸΪ޵콾ȷǣڵϣѾ֪ľ콾УȻյһϯ֮ء
ѰԴ˵ΪȻͬǰЩţɽ׹ġĵ塱껣һľ֮
ϣԼ񼸺û֪ڣǹŻĵˡ
˭ԣϾж츳죬ȴĬĬݷеš
һȷǾǰŴ֮٣ŻעԽԽ֮ճ
իĵʥŮ֮Σ
Ѱ̲סʵ
̫أԼҪڴ̤֮Ǵ˵еġ۷߾;ע᲻ɱغաĶ֣
ٺŮأ֪Ϊ񵽺εȳ̶ȣֹң߶Ʋ⣬Ů֮ۺ֮ǿʢԲգ
˵⣬¶һĨɹЦ֪߽ΪѾ㹻ʸΪһеһʢޣ֤䲻򵥡
ѰͷȴпŻĵֱ̼̫̬Ի콾ƼԽ˽Խ˾ġ
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Ѱ磬컹ȥ𣿡
ССરવĳԹӣ峺Ĵ۾գѽգǵӣܿϾͶ˹ӿǡ
Ѱڵ컻طѾȥˡ
׶壬ֻǳУϰټֲڲͬС
йģģǡ׶
ɡ塱һֿ裬ǵ֮ĻݵһӰԶԶ޷ġ
˼ֵĴ˷ٺһһֱ׶սݸܡ
սҫۣйһܣν׶Ŀһ
֮ȣѰĺ䶯ԶԶûͷٺȡ
˵Ѱ緽ٺΪ׶Ӱʵ̫ˣзսܵݵĹע
Ҫѷɫ̫࣬Уȴֻ׶֮ڶѡ
ģ׶ҳʮ֮࣡
Ϊȡ飬ѰѾԹȻǰ̨Ծ
ԣѰҪĥ׬ȡ裬ֻѡС
СûûΣеԵɣ̫ˣһܴĶûУͲȥˡ
ȻܻѰһѰĽ棡
Ǻǡ
ѰֻЦЦԵúƽС˴ΣѾһĵֿ

ʱ򣬷ٺǾӰһԡϦؿջÿѰķš
˵ûУһ꣬ʤʮԾóѩս;䡣
ٺ˫۱أбŲ࣬һζҲȥھӴƵģѰġ
šѰ˵ͷ
С棬ַٺֺྐྵӶˣ˫С峺۾ֱ˹ȥһģ
һ㶼޼ɵֱӣͲʲô
ѰСգ˼⣬ٺôȻԼ£
ѺĶ֣ȥǷ紫ǰ
ٺҪҪһȥ
ȥ
СȻгѰһɫһڣСѵԼղ˵Ļ
Ҫطģ
ֻǣСѽѰĴڣ崿СһƬԡ
УٺεӰбſڣԵô׿ȺһŴаζӣڲüһĨϦһðĹӰʣĵز
ѰСӨ۵Ĵǣһϸ˿ľӨˮ
λǣٺҲһ
һĻգʱ䲻ˣпġѰûһ䣬һţѷٺ⡣
С棬ҧҲٲһЩ˿һˮСֱûû꣬û߳ˣ
ֻǿûб뷨Ҳд𣿡Сֲ̧ˮһĲΪȻ
ѰһͷߣѾͷֱֱû˵ˣ
ѣȥ𣿡⣬ٺ
ȥûգѰԥܾ
ŶʵԸҶԾһȥȥҲνٺ˵
ûաѰЩͷۣСҲˣϾǸûûεĻգɷٺôҲڤ粻飿Ϊ˴һܣҪһֱԼ
ȴٺˬʵĴЦǺãҾ͵пյʱ
Ѱһûˣ
СһĿѣģ૵ֻЦҶЦݶˡ
Ѱڻ̲סֳ鴤ˡ

ҹ׶ˣƻһΣˮЦ
С˯ˣƺۣܲצһڴϣ崿Сرú񾲡
ѰӴʱͿһĻаѾͷÿ춼˰öá
СҴҴ죬һ˾ǰ۹۱Ǳǹģɮ붨
⣬ҹɫˮĽֵС
ڣž谵ΨһյͭҡҷƵĹӰӳյѰǾӰ𲻶
ʱ䲻֪ţ賿
ѾϡţռţϵƻȥֻһµңѩĹ⡣
ֻǺܿ죬ӿͬһҲڱΣ׶ȫҹС
Ҳʱ붨ѰһƺâͫȻӿ֣һĨ˺Ѻڰ硣
ৣ
һ̣ѰӰʧڷ䡣

ջ⣬ҹĻڱ񷣬տǺƣƺҪˡ
ԶһͰ£Ӱϸ޷ڡ
ʶ
ʲôʱж
ٵȵȡ
ֻɱһ쾳ѣΪҪ˽־ߣҲסǵĴɱ
ջвֹ꣬һ˼ֵķٺǾˣֻ»𲻱Ҫᡣ
ٺߣһˮݵˣһʱȴ׶˷ˣӻһǿߣ̫ⱺͿô˻ᣬͬһɱˡ
˴ȥɱ꣬ǷٺҪһ٣ٺ񣬿̫һȥƱػ̫עꡭֻһߣɣ޿Ҳʲôˡ
˽ԶʶڤĹ꣬ڵҹɫԵúˡ
ֻǣǻȻûвһǸӰͬϢ㣬Ӵֶ߹
λõˡ
ѰͻȻռŵ˶ʱŵò
ŷ֣˴ҪɱĿ꣬ǲ֪£վھǲ֮أ
ƾճһõ˾ͷƤ飬Щ۾
㡭ʱˣ
һ˷ëȻѣĿѾ֣ȴȻûһ죬ֲ̫
ŶҸ
ѰڵһԨĺȤشŶˣˣϿɴ裿
һֵ⣬˷£ڣоԼ񱻶ϵһ

λвڣ쾳ֵ̫죬ᵽһΣա


787 ֮ͫ
ˣǺ⣿
һʵǿװ򶨣Ե޹ʣΪҪǷ裿
ѰɹЦװˣʲôʱˣбҪװȥ𣿡
ҹɫУѰЦݺܲãУȴ̤ʵ
֣ǿɶ־еĺݽɫ˫ȾѪȣҲ׶ǺڰеһѺ֡
ڣȴΪһ쾳ʶҪԸĿܲԾ
Ҳ²£ҪôҪôɱ֣Ŀ޷ΪɱңԲԣ
Ѱⲽڿ
˱ҴĿģּѰоŭֲ֮࣬ǿҵĲ
̫Ծˣ
С޿֣
ৣ
˲䣬˼Ĭ㣬һʱѡˡӶݣ
ٶȼ죬ֱͬȥ
ΨѰһ̽ܣֻ뿴һԼȡʲôӦˡ
Σգǻ᳹ȥ
ԼƣǾͻڵһʱɱ
ò˵侯ֽĺݽɫս֮ḻѰɱȡ
ֻǣΨһ㣬Ѱڽһֱȴڴ˿ѡ˱ܷâĿֻܻǼ򵥵Żǣ
ಣ
жͬʱѰҲˣٶȸ죬ʩչ󤲽ٿȻһȥ
䣡
ҹɫУǺ˻͵һ䣬ʶ̧ͷͿһ貶ĿĹϴӡ˺Ѻڰ
ӡ
ֻǺͬ˿̵ӡ֣ŭĿԲ죡
һ𣬶ûüӦͱݺڵϣһ죬Ѫ
䣡
汻ҳӣǺ˻鴤ǴУұһ޷վ
־壬Ͼǿߣݺ꣬Ļ뵽һԼͱſˣ

ȫͨԣҪͱһ̤鼹ǣ̲סҽУǰֱðǡ
ֲ̫ˣţһ쾳ܹӵУ
ױŻԤе˴жһеĹ
ʵţ
ѰָһţԴ飬ʱ۾һʹȥ
һϣ˵ͬӶݣͬʱаǲ겢û׷ɱȥ
ֻǣ׿Լͬﱻһڵվûɳ
䣡
κγɣʼӴܣʵڱŵˡ
Լͬʵεǿ󣬿ȴһ̵Ҳֲ̫
ģ
С﾿Ǵðģ
ºڷɱҹ˾ɾ̫ϧˡ
ͻȻһڶ쳹Ǻ˻ǰˣҲ׷
СѣֻУˣ󷢴ȱһ·
˳׻ˣг
ֻǣΪȴǡ෴˵ʱ͵شһĿѪ⣬׶ֱȡѰʺ
ˣ
Ѫӿգǰޱȡ
ѰüԸͬʱʩչ½ӡ
ͼһĨѪǱͻȻգͱɲӡҵñ飬׷ɡ
ͬʱѰ̤ű󤲽ǰһȭ
һǺ˱ɣֱԵʮĵϣһʺͣͷѪݶϡ
׿־ˣ⻹һ쾳ӵ˿ֲǵľ콾Ҳ˰ɣ
һͽͬѹһҲ̵ױֽű
ѰתأһߣֽؿʼѹսƷ
ֻƬ̺ѰɫЩѿλӵ־ΪϼһϳһЩӰ˵ģȻûһ裡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ѱڽϵ˶ʱϵԷ϶ưոݡ
Ϊˣרڽȴȴû뵽ϣȴһˮûУ
ѰܲĿҲòƣҲҪ֪ԭֻҪȷǷģ

Ƭ̺Ѱʬ壬뿪ƬֵӰʧԶããҹɫС
ৣ
Ѱ뿪һ޳ӰƮȻǣսһſѰȥķ
̶Ƭ̣־ʿУСӵʵɱԤлҪǿһЩ
ӱӲԣ絶Ĵһǰδеķս⡣
ˣȻǰ˼ִ˷ٺ
Сӵţ㲻ԸҲǵúúսһɣ

һӺ
Ȼ𣬻ҹɫɢһɧҡ
һͷֱͣҹűֻµǽ壬ƻء
Ѱѷ˿ջ
յĻ𣬵ȷֱۡ
νҲ֮ǰѾñϵĶйѺ;棬ɶԷȻڽɱ
£ѰĻ̣
ѻ𣬾Ľѵ
Է£ɲʹ˰֣ôѰһֻĸݡ

һ磬ѰӴûһСͳȥ
ҪȥһһЩн˳һĥ׬ȡ衣
֮ŭİѾȫҳ͸һǲűĵڰ˱䡪֮ͫ
ڷĽֵϣѰĬĬ˼⡣
ڶԸ־ʱͶˡ֮ŭս˲䱬ŴݿѹԸ
򣬻ǰҪ쵽һҲҪУ鹭С
ֻǣѰǣҹ򣬷ֽűĵڰ˱䡰֮ͫȴһУһֶء̽ѨѰ
ˮֻ֮ƾ衰֮ͫԼֱ۵ؿ쵽ɽ֮ڲصġء
νأ
֮ڣ
ͬһЩ侪鱦ԵĵطͬҲƵǱء
Դȵȡ
Ͼ衢񣬿ͬǴھġ
򵥶ԣ֮ͫһרΪ̽ѨѰ׼
Ѱͷ۵ǣͲطİأҪǰɽ֮вУֱ۵ظܵʲô֮ͫİأӶﵽ̽ѨѰĿġ
ֻȴűˡ
׶ǣѰֻҽű¡
ϢϢҹͻ𣬲㱻˸ɸɾⷿտգݳƣ⼫ĳҵı
ֵϣԷڴϢ·һȻ
壬ΪŻϢΪͨȺ
⣬ͫݣֵɫһĳǿ
ӵԶѰĶ츳óѼ鱨Ȱ̽ʹźŵϢ
ڹŻһƤ˵д鷢ĵطȻٲ˷ǿߵӰϢܵı˭죡



788 ǿ
Ƿ壬ܶصһȺҪ̽ʲôϢȥҷû
ͬ봫ʲôϢͬʤΣǵĴŻɶǳġ
ȻֻѼʹϢϢαǿɲȥ
ʱֳһЩٴţҲáΪ꣬ɢҥԣԻڡ
󲿷ʱ򣬷崫ϢǺܿɿġ
ˣʱһʾ׵ĶԾõһǿһٴڳѩļ¼䶯ȫôҹˣ
˴Ϣ߽Բ졣
ٺ٣һЩָ£Ͼͬԩң׶ʮͶԿҲ⡣
ƶϣֻ
ЩѰɫЩ죬뵽飬һκڹ
ҲãԼ޵ֻҲȡܴ衱
Ǿ͸Լûʲô𣬶˵ֻ
ŪѽԭûȥƫŻˡ
СһЦˣⵥŮ벻֪һʵߵѰΪ
ȷŪˡѰҲЦˣ˫ֻԺֵĴϣЦѰζ

ǧ
Ծľ飬ִʱѰ·ؽб̨Ծ
ɱвͬҪĿɿԾǿдͶԿӶսУĥء
Ҳ׳ƵġιС
һЩϵͳУרŵĴϣ͵дԾϤָ㣬Ӷܹʱõĳطľ衣
ȻѰעġ
׶е࣬ҲһǿߣܹѰжԿģȴ֮١
֮£Ѱֻѹĥ
ңеĽѵαúܵ͵ÿӮһЪϢһ
ӮʮʱֱӾȡȻˣٻһе̨Ծ
ȻܵĹע࣬ȡʱҲܵѡ
ʱѰ׶ǸжɹҲúܳʵ
ڼ䣬䲻еѹĶ֣ȴʶ˸ʽսط
ңͬȺǿóսʽҲͬ廨ţеѰ۽磬ǳ
۽ǿߣһսͻữ۽糱εأٻգ䱩ҰԵ
֯ǿߣó깥ʩչطܹ֯һʵĻþʵʵƻãȴܹɱΡ
ľǿߣѲӵŹڸǵһָܹѪ
Ҳ˵¾ɱֻʣһѪֻҪᣬͻǣ
ˣóö໨塢ܹǱٵӰ塢Բս塭ȵȵȵȡ
ǶԾѰҰõѧණ
ҲѰпŻȷܴ󣬹嫣ÿһȺ츳ܹڲпľӴ

ϵܣ治棿ջУٺЦʡ
Щ죬ֻҪ׶ͻѰҪѰдԾһõѰͷޱȡ
ٺƺҲ֪ѰܾӦһתȻˣһϢ˵ţɽ׹壬˾ԾϹֲ㱻ɱˣĶӡ
˵⣬зһĨɫ֪˭ģ
Ѱһ˭
ٺɫˣһ˵ζ壬
죬˵իʥŮ
Ѱһ𣺡
ȷʵ޷ƽիΪһͳΪ䵱ʥŮļ֪ǺεȾ޵һŮӡ
Ѿһķɡ
ֻǣѰû뵽ͬһѾܹ벽ˣ
ǿϹֵѰԼʶȻڰ벽߾Уǿ֮Ľɫ
ȴںͼĶԾвĶˣ
ΪεȵزѰ̲סʡ
ٺ̾Ϣֻ֪һǰʱ򣬻ϢڴԶ쾳Ϊիڻһλ־洫ӣ䶯ի
λ־洫ӿɲѰɫӦƳ壬Ӧһ壬츳綼ɼȴԶ쾳֮ˣһ󾳽ӦƳ壬֪Ůֲ̺
ѰҲݣΪӵͣʶһɱУҪۺĵ̡
û뵽Ͼ
Ѱип㣬糤ʥգֻҲԲǼˡ
ٺֲһ䣺˵˴μܹ֮ܿϹ֣һΪĵ̵ȷ㹻ǿ󣬵Ҫǣһƾòȱʥ
ԭˡ
Ѱʱɲ١
е鹭ͱܹ֮ͬɱ벽ߣҲƱȡʤǵҲ̸̫ס
ȻˣǸѰһǾӣʶŻ򣬿ɲֻӵɱﵡ
֮ľ콾ֻͬҲŲΪ֪Ľɱ
ѰʵˣȳȻ֮ΪλȻݾڣĪҲΪ׹ϵĻԵ
ٺʼֲǷˣ֪ЩϢҵ֪Ǽξܻ˿Ϲ֣Ҳһ޹
˶٣ң׹Ϸʣɽͻأʧһ˿ټѰٲƾհһԵ֮
Ѱһֻºݷڡ֮ѡڵйأ
һ뵽껣Ѱһ˵ĸоǿҵԤУĵ껲ݷճʱâעȼѷɫˣ

ԼʱֻʣһˣʦٲҿɾҪ뿪ˡ
峿ѰһСһ뿪ջǰе
С࣬İɣʦƾ޵ľˬԼԼ϶ôġ
Ǿͺá
ѰͷЩ죬׶֮⣬Ѱȥһ顣
Ҳֻʣȼû㼣
źǣֱڣɲһѰеѹĶ֡
ңѰѲ׶ǶǰŻһҪԭǰʤ磬̽ͨ콣ڴ׵ϢΪ׼
£û˼ھ붫ʤ粻֪жңԶĻС

ѰС沢˽ȥ
ף
˵ӰʧԶֵϣȴһӷȻһ


789 ̰
ģΪӢֻǵϳѰʱüȴֳһĨӿһ˵Ƿŭǿ־
ӲǱˣɴĪ硣
ţɽʱΪһǸ⣬õһ˱ѰϷŪƷŭòѪ
գǻˣұΪѰʶмӣ£Ļеȥ
ֻǣĪȴû뵽׶ٶѰ
ϵôӣ
Աߵ߿ڣһϮɫۣͷ٣ӨӤһɷǵģ
кȱһϾϣͬʱҲĪҵʦ
šĪͷ
룬ɬ˵ʦǰЩŴȣɵ֮Եף;Уܵ˴˵ĸš
˵⣬ĪӿһĨΣ˵Ҳдȣ˶ԷǳȻ¡
ԭǱţͺˡ
ȱɫһĨɫҲһ˵ζ
ĪһԭΪȱȻᶯŭѵû룬ȴһַӦ
ĪȻǣһ̺ȱ̧οǰвӵսɼɲײУûжº֣Ѿܲˡ
ĪЩ£ʲôޱȵʦ˺˵
һĵضԼаο
Ī綼ĳ嶯ˣһֱԼҪʦ㰲Լˣ
ȱ˿ҲǸޱȡ
Ѱ׹£ۿѰδǿƵ׹ģ;˸裡
˼ǣϹֳûɱ꣬ұƾһʥıˣ
£֪ԼĵѰϷŪȻ⣬ΪĪͲĶ֡
ţ
Ȼȱ͵һ£еıһɲıƴ˵еʥԱܿ׹ʥѹƣ
һ뵽⣬ȱоƲסӿһḬ̃ԸζŴӣм£ȷһš
Ҫȥɵĸ߲̣ץס˴λΪŶȡһʥǾԲڻȡһ컯
ʥӵֲ֮ͨޱߣӵУԿڡ塱ӱΪݵ
ץʱ䣬ʧ
Խе̰ԽʢЩƲסļ󣬶޲̳֡
ס֪¼ǲãܵĳﻮ
Ͼ꿴ֻǶ쾳ȴӹԿϹֵĻɱ޷һ£ɾʵˡ
ʦҪʲô
Ī粢ɵܹΪһе̳ۼ츳ǣһԶԶ޷ġ
һʱͲʦ˿̵ľֻǺ͸ղŽ̵Ѱйأ
Щ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ꣬ʱټˣмǣ򲻿ɴݾߣ
ȱһʹҴҶȥ
ˣĪпһ£ӿһĨõԤУʦƺҪԮ֣Ըꣿ
һǿѹеľ⣬͵һҧҲ߽

̵
ϢһλӰԼŮڽ䴦źɫȹһѩ߽ϰ벿ڣֻ¶һĨĺ촽°ͼ⣬ѩ׾Ө
ǣԵأһӨ͸ʯ㣬ˮ㾲ס
С㣬Ҳǰ취ŵĸλϿɶ۰Ͱ͵ȥءԱߣһ̾ЩΡ
˵ڴ֮ǰκˣƫƫȻͷȥɡ
ŮĿڣѩԴ⣬ȴһ˲Υζ
ƽһ˵ƣǣҲһ˲µĹ֮С
ˣֻǣƼǰŮֹΣղٶȰ
Һ
ȻŮֱǳ峺ӲӵбһĨɫͲôһ㣬ܾ׹ʥݷһ֣ջǱˣ
űĺ촽ɢһǵϢһͷһʧ֣ҲǼһ˭ʹһٲɡ
ЩţæС㣬׹Ѿʧ¹ȥˣǧţǼ⡣
ŮŶһ㳤
һ˲һˮԼȫ¶˫ȱֱ޳֫ӯӯһգһϮȹҲ޷俰
ϣǿƾվܱڸһ룬ɽ侧Ө֬ļ̵ͦıԼ߱ĺ촽оܿŮһԾ
һѩ׶Ȼϣ֮غĿֻԶԶһ۾ͻԲλ࣬һ˿¡
С㣬Ҫʲôһ
Ȼǵ̨һ档ȹŮڵ
Ҫ߶Ծ
Ŀ࣬һ̫Ůӵеĵֲ̺
˵ССҲʲôݣǷһУܹʸ䵱Ůֵģָ
ڣȴҪ׶һģֻһе̨д裬ЩЦˡ
ѣпɾ̫ˣܵͷһ²С
ȹŮ˵ţƮȻԶȥӰһĨº裬ȻȺһֳȻ֮⡣
Ҳãйƣлת⣬ŵĿܡ

䣡
̨ϣѰһλһ֣ѾõĵʮʤʼնӮúƽ
ǵģƽ
ӵ̨֮ѹרԴΪĿģʤѾܵ
̸ϾʺˣĽֻĥˡ
ڶʮĶԾѾҪʼѰһԽ˼⣬Щ׬ȡ裬ܹһн
ţ
ȻУѰ̧ͷĿ⿴̨һ࣬һӰԼһߵŮ
һϮȹƾһ峺ͫǳ㾲ס
̨ǮóһɫһͷںڳԺ¶һذ޳Ķ쾱Ķ죬ȴһдɺУʴݣĿ
ԼڶʮҪԾĶ֣Ѱֱ񣬵һʱжϳѩľĺȹŮӦһĶ֡
Ѱڲһ˿ȤƷ֪֣Щڴ
ЩһֱһɿԾ֮ΪȹŮĳ֣ɻԵúܲͬ
ϣʧɡ
Ѱૡ
ף
ȹŲ̊ʱ˿ӰȻһˬ֮ˡ
Ҳע⵽ѰʼΪȻܿ͸оһܲһļһ
ϢƽȴԲͨһַ豵ζһҲܺˣԳƵ콾
úȹŮЩȻԭֻ磽̨棬û룬ȴƺһĶ֡
ϣܲɡ
ȹŮӨ˵ĴǹһĨ޵Ļȡ


790 սȹŮ
ѰͺȹŮԲ֪Է룬Լȫһ¡
ûãսʼˡ
ֻǣѰȻǣԷһŵӣҪԼ
ǽѰɹЦ
ͬʱĺȹŮҲüһ￴޿ְҪԼ
ɹؼǣȷܵסԼĹƣ
Դ󰡡
ȹŮǷһĨȣȤǵһֽɫ
ǰսʱЩֽһٴУޱȣɸûǼһһԴġ
ǣ̨ϳֳһĻսѾ죬һһŮȴԭأ˴˶ţȴ˿
һЩעߵ߽һʲôʱˣװŪڵˣԽԽˣ
Ѱ磬ѽҪΪŮ˾ͱַȣ
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λС㣬㵹ǶְѰͲܹأ
СֽһΨ²ҵӡ
죡
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ȹŮŭСѾͷ϶˵ΪûܻλѰ硱
λѣٲ֣ɱҲˡ
ȹŮ俪ڣȪˮöһֹͱѩζ
ȷЩˣԾһҪһЩͷԣҲԴ
á
ѰòһܲĶ֣ȻͲöԷȫԸس֡
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ȹŮĥѰһۣܺãɱģ
ʺȻˣһεƴɢ
ܵȹŮϢı仯Ѱһ֣ԵͬеĶ
ϲڴˣЦģǺǣ⻰Լɡ
ԶϢɫù죬һĨ˿ǹеģҸС˵
ͼȹŮϢ䣬˵ĹǱˡ
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ȹŮ䣬ȻݺݽѵѰΪ˱Ѱ;䣬Ŷط
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⻰ȻɶǺȹŮԣֱͳûʲô
ԭˣϾȥ۸һİ꣬վԵ̫ûȡ
ڣѰЩ֮ԺΨһ뷨ǣݺݴһ٣
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ӰԼⲽУָһݿ࣬һƬùϼУһУɽѰһ⣬ĥС
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ûѹƺͱӲӵԣ̤󤲽ǰȥ
仯ˣǰһ̻ԵƽȻɽ¶ˮھһħȫͬˡ
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ȭͷţ춯أգһ޿ƥСɨǬ֮ƣǿ֮
ȹŮݣеһĨջɣʶԶԼҪǿһЩ
ʲôʱ򣬻оһţ
ȹŮ˼ɣȴӰƮҷһӳֳһ齣ӰʵʣȻĿųķ⣬ɫ䡣

һ齣ƮգƿԽɱУɱ֮ȫ
Ѱȭ촷ۣɢ
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ѰҲڶݣӽսڣǰŲɺȹŮչֳƺֶΣȴγԾ⣬Ԥڡ
һѰǿһͬˣܵһѹ֮
Ҫ֪̤㶴쾳еľ۵;ߣԸһĶ֣ͬ޵С
ڣһȹŮȴܺԣǷζţԷҲ̤֮
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Զϯϣ߽ԱĿˢˢ󣬽ĪУĿࡣ
̫ˣȶԾضֳһҵļ󣬷ɫ䣬𵴾֮ϡ
֮ȣ̨ϵĶԾʱԵòۣө֮㣬޷ԣ
ֱ̨ϣжԾȫֹͣڽսߣĿ뿴ȥ
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һԾ̫ҫۣһһŮϣ̧㣬ͷųɽ󺣰ܣ־֮ɣһЩϱǿ߶磬
ӹɣһǰ۷̫֮ټ׶Уս
һ̣ѰͺȹŮΪĿĽ㣬һ𾪵ķΧС
˭Ҳ޷󣬽ͻȻһսҲ޷֪һһŮǺηʥΪλ֮ǿᡣ
˶һս˭ʤ˭ĻʱעҪ䶯£

ϯϣɫأб˵Ĺ⣬̨Ͻս˫
˿̣ѲѰʶԼղŵ뷨дڵ͹ˡ
ʲôʱоȻһܹС㽻ֵСһ˭ӵܣ
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һעѰϣһǿҵĺ棬ӣ˭

СҲסͷһɵˣð૵һΣѰ᲻ܣ

䣡
̨ϣѰͶʦ緶Ȼһ꣬ȴɽ֮ǣȶǿƣߡ
ȹŮܵһĪѹȴңӦԡ
ΨһˣصʥͬҲٱ
Ϊ֪Լ֮£һǿУ


791 ֮
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̤۵;ͷһǿͬˣһһŮ
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Ǻű
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ȹŮ˸âû뵽ݾڣȻѾڶ쾳г־緶ʵƸ
ң٣ʵ̫
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ȹŮһҪ̼ѰҪһļ޺Ǳںδ
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һֲֿĴطѹǬ֮
ͼһУ飬̺ȸȼ񷣬׳ʣֲޱߡ
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УΨս
Ѿ罬ķڶ־ӯ
˲ãͬ޵֮ѵѴ۵;֮żһ˿У
ȹŮ磬Ҳ𶯲ѣҪ֪񣬿Ѿܾöս
Ծǿߣ㣬ֵܼȳ̶ȵģһ·磡
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Ѱ磬Сŷ۵СȭͷУܼ۾ġ
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Ǿ̫ɲͼϣƲңкֲײ羪ը죬𵴾ʮء
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ƾǼһֻͣѱ˹ȥҶһ١
ٺѰɱ־˵飬ʱҡͷԹԳԶȥ


Īڣ˫ȭ߬۾ϣԼԼܹһ״ħǿƣ¶ֲޱߵ
ֻǣĪȴǻֺ̿Ȼ
ԭлҪǿֻ֣Ҳ˰ɡ
ʦǷҲʶ˴ӵĿɲŻ᷵Ԯ֣ҪԸ
Ī˵ĶΪУǷһȷѡ
֪

Ȼˣһ⣬Ʈǧܻ꣬һĻƬڱΡ
һӣ񷲻ٶսʱɢನһεˡ
ˣ˿ս̫ңսನǼɢֻὫƬٵ
׶ǣ̳ܣһ飬Ʊػ޷Ԥ
Сһ֣Ҳֶ֪ܼˡ
Եú򶨣ԺȹŮĵһʶŻžԵš
ϣѰǿʢˣͶߵķ緶սѪ纣ǿ
ΪѾڶ쾳̫ãЩ֮ԲĥҲ뾡ֲȱ©üԲӶһ־֮;У
˿̺ȹŮĶԾѰһĥǧѷĻᣬɲ״ʧ
ͬʱȹŮҲܵѰսı仯ľҲⷺ޷ƽ
һ˵ã˭ΪǰӲ˵


792 ײ
䣡
ѰǿƶԵ̤󤲽ͨ巢⣬һħͶ֮䣬ֲ졣
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ȹŮǾձɫڣɫľ֮ɫȴڲزסġ
ܴǧݾޱȣϵͳҲһҫ콾֮
ȹŮ˸ʽĿ콾ҲһЩ츳֮Ծ
ǵһڶ쾳ǿˣһᣬ䣬ԼҪСꡣ
úȹŮܾû뵽ײ֮£һݷڻڵġ
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ȹŮƮ裬Өļ巢⣬ɣѰսƾѰαǿʼղ·硣
ͷȴһ˿һΣ˶ŵز޷ȡƣԵúܼѡ
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һ˵ǿ߷ӿͷúȹŮľңñݶҧ飬ץ


793 ĸϻƨ
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ǰΪӣ粻ʳ̻𣬵λ߸ϣĵλޱȳȻ˸ºð
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Ļ쵰޳ܣ
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ͬʱѰҲһ˿ɻ󣬴ﵽΪ֪ε֮˲ͲЩԾ
ղšо񡭡ܵòǡ
Ѱпһʶãûͷ֪˿һ峺絶Ӱ쬵ضԼǿɲɱҲë
군
ѰʶһעˣɹؼҲû͡
ৣ
ʶأѰת󤲽ŵĨһٿȻʧС
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ɫķϣͷںڳ޳ԼӰͷų춯صɱϯ˷
оɱǻ쵰ֱ̫ɺޣԼ֮󣬾ӣֱǲԼа
һ̵ֱһ̫ŻɽֲƣõϵȫȻ㷲
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һŭٻӰʱٺһ㶣ҡͷУɰŮӣȻףĿܻŮ˰㱬˵ŭԸ̫һˡ
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⵹÷ٺһĿɲȻߣҲ޼ˣ
ϧʧȿԾٺ̾ܲʣɿԾĶֱ֣ڻơ

ͻأȴͻأһԾһĿĿעĻˡ
ɺܿ죬һսϢ쫷ϯ׶ǣ˲òɣǷò˶ãǧǳضᴫڴսϢ
Ͼһսʵ̫𺳡
һħǿƵ꣬һʥԼӰĺȹŮԿǾ콾Ծ׶ϿգܵĿɵӰ֪ж
һսƿ˸񣬱Ͼ׶У治㾪֮սˡ
Ǿ콾ķɣյѳͬﵽͬ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣ
˶ڸп˽һبδеĴ֮ͽˣӹɣע콾̨֮
ʱ򽾲Ⱥ¹棬һעûлС
ҲΨһŮǰĽܳڴ֮ӵн»Եʸɣ
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̫ˣһսעҪ䶯ģֻǣһһŮ˭ֱַԺηУ
߶ڴѰͺȹŮݣֻǿϧѰ̫İ޷ֱݡ
ȹŮһߣڵ˴գͬ޷ϳ
ⷴһбˡ
Ԥϵǣ֮սĴɢ˽ʱһŮݻͻᱻϳӶ𰸣

ҹ׶һǰ㷱
ֻǺͬŮӽһѩߣһصӡ
һЩҲߡ
ڽϸ䣬໨̷ڶۡ໨
һصĻ䣬ƴС꣬ɫΣֻҪϣػûʽͬߡ
һԾУȹŮľɡ໨۵ߡ
ֻǣҲΪձ̫ҫۣȻ޷֪ݣȴһӻ
һЩԺȹŮƳŮһٲȻΪ٣׶һȫµķ糱
ǿ߳ݲӰʢ໨໨ɳӮңô˻׬˸
Ʒ򵽵һ䡰໨һҹ֮۱ǣʮƷһۣ
ֵ̣ϣѰֹһ䣬ϴ˿Ҳһͬʽɫߡ
ߣԸ⣬ժҡС˵ţ̽צӣѰȥ崿СҲͬһߣֻȴǴ֮ɫɫǡ෴
֣ѰִСצӣȻƵĳһۣѹΪ±ʶݣ
ǹģ
СЦˣֻ˼ҵƨɣĿܻ飬±ϳ
ѰɫһС棬¿ɹϵǵΣɴӦҵģԲκй¶¡
İɣ϶ģС˵һԾŶСĲɵ
ѰЩģ֣ضУصջǷٺһҪٷգⲻС˵©졣
СһԺ˷ٺһаӣʱû
ͷֱðߣ˵ʲôʲôѾͷֱյûˡ
ԾСʦٲ֣Լ뿪
ѽűȫس׳͸գʣ½űĴˡ
Ҫڰ˱䡰֮ͫҪɽҰУȥ۲ɽӴƣԴݺͲһطİ
ڵھű䣬ǵҪյڰ˱䳰֮ͫİ֮󣬲ȥ
ˣҪѰһ㣬ѽˮ֮ԲͲһܽɱ䣬ˮ֮ˮ֮ĵز
Ҳֻ⡱ز¶Ƴ
һЩһ־ʿΪλǿ
Ҫһԭǣѿʼôս
Ȼһ־ʿҲѰ࣬翨ڵϵز޷ͻơ
ԭҲ򵥣ʺԵԭˣʺԺѰһֹڴˡ
ϵܣˣһսɹۿˣշؿջͼٺѵȴǣѰڡ
ѰЩǵƳߵСһۣΨˣСİһж˵
˭룬С˿۾ջһǰϲеʦ


794 ֮
ʦ
Ѱһ̲ס̧ͷȥʱͫ΢У޵ˡ
һƻŮӣ˿٣ģüīһԵﲨת䣬֣͸һִĸо
Ĵź⣬β£װأȴӯӨ֬˸͸Ĺ
Ȼʱ羲ţͶ֮䣬ȴһֱ¶˵ķ顣
ʲôо
ˣ
ˮ绪˲Ծһ仰мˣһ˳ǣٹ˹
ȻѰɫɫŮÿһŮӽԸвͬķϺͷ
ɴ˿ɲⱻ޵ˣû뵽СʦһλŮӡ
ңѰע⵽ջպܹ죬ʳ͵ĿԲԼͬؾ£λĶཿŮϣɫг֮ɫʱһ̿ˮ𡭡
ŮɫٱƷĴɫĹɱ΢΢һ򣬱΢¶ǻ澹Ҳ˵ľ޺ˡ
·κһѰĶŮϣͶһָȻͷ顣
Ѱʵ޷崿򵥵С棬ʦȴһ񼶵ˡ
̫ˣ
ͼԭںѰķٺ˿Ҳ΢΢һЦѰһ񣬵ǲǸоޱȣ
ѰΪȻص˵ͷ
ҵġ
ٺԭѰʲôɴ˿ȴȻı⣬һʹŮǰ
ܲһ࣬аȶӢ¶һ˵Цݣһֵͳһ̫ģﹲһΣ
Ŀϣûһ󵨶ݣ棬һаȵĿӣʵκŮ˶Ѻľܾİʱ
ѰĿ࣬аͷһ֣ⷢļһ˲Ҫ
СҲһ£ЩţһֱܳԷٺգڣһȴȻҪʦ⣡
崿Сд˷ŭŭֹٺٺû뵽㾹ˣ
ȴСʦ²豭ĴһĨƳЦĻȣһԵбٺˣ䣬Ҳ´࣬ݣСҼˣʵ㿴ҲֻˣȴȻеңɫ죬֪η
һ˿ɳƵζͳڳЦ;棬ƫƫȴһֹζ
ѰðСʦ˵湻ֱӵģˣֻذ
ƫƫأٺȴΪЦɲöֿؿŮˣ˵һУһһڲͬһ޶İ֮ģдԣУؼʵĴ
˵ͳ棬һϵζοаװĴԿգ
ҲУѰɴ۾Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
ޣһ޳֮ͽû뵽㷽ٺˣ
һЩʳͰԱģʵĽٺܹ󷽵غŮ˽̸
һЩڼΪֵ۽磬ȫٺֶ۷ʲôʥĸ֣ˣ
αĻҲֿܱݵ̬˵ƫƫ䳲񽣬˾̾
ȴŮ΢΢һЦĺ촽һĨȣŶҿɿҪҪڳҿ
һˮӯӯĵУͬһƬ֮ɫǿЦֲָмζ
ƺ˵ֻˣƫƫСﻹУǰ治
ûٺͼһȻһЦԸ⣬ҿߣһӣͳĻɾʹɷ羰ˡ
㲻ңŮ˺ֱӡ
ٺɫģ̹ȻЦҡ
˶ʱĺʧһٲҪҲվˡ
ŮҲЦˣСһ̫ǳ빴ҿ̫Щȥٺúɡ
ȴٺ̾Ϣˣ֮ԲңֻΪһôˣһʲôȥ㣿һ뵽Ĳ棬ȱʧ˰ıܣȻǻţʬʲô𣿡
˵һ̾૵ϰ˫ȫ䣿
ԴǳϿңһ֮ӡ
һ̣ѰȻ𾴣ҲһʵΣһ¯ĲҪ򣬶ʰ·磬硣
ٺ㲻Ҫ
СҲ̲סˣĹĵشУת¥ȥ
һ仰ʱƻԭӪգ÷ٺɫ΢΢һͣҲЩֲæһˮΡ
ѰЦС治С棬һ仰򵥴ֱֱҪʲôкֶΣһ֮ٲȻСһʮᡱͼƣ
ƣͽмܲסңˣеøԶˡ
Ů΢΢һЦȻӰ֣ⲽ׷СĲȥ
ֻڰ;ϣ׿Ѱﲨת޾ף˶죬Ҳȼˣڷ㡣
˵գתȥ
һֺѰ飬ɵǺ촽Ĵ˵ȴһĨζ˸档
Ѱʱע⵽һߵɫԱĿҲžۡʵĹ
ٺһʶѰģã̾һóϷϵܣղϸ׳㿴Цˣû뵽ز¶鳡֣ϸʵֲ壬޵ݰ
Ѱǲײس鴤һ£Ȼ쵰ˣҶԼᣡ
ֻǣѰͣٺ򣬸пؽͣϸҶֱۣȥɣĪ˶õȣʱ⡣
ѰһįӣȻһǿҵĴ˳嶯뵽ȥˣ
һ쵰תȥ
ȴٺǣƸп޳̫Сǣ̾ڴãã
Ѱһ򣬲ԵǿŻͷĳ嶯Լһͷ̲סȥɱ֮Ļ쵰
ѰıӰʧڷУջһߺȻ𣬸̾ҽշ֪Ϊʥɫѱ˹飬˷ȥعǡƴǱҹϸӡ
ʱڳ߽ΪȻ
һ񼶵ľȴһ겻Բ˷䣬벻ѡ
֮ȣղŷٺһòٶԵÿۼ̫أ³ˡ
ʲôʥ֣ˣ

Ѱս䣬ͼŮǰһ֧ѩź۳ӣĵĵ۴˼Ҳ²£ֻ»һ鳡ĳ飬ˡ
һ仰ͽҴѰϸջЩֻ·治ɡ
Ǹɽֹʥɫһ
̫۱ˣ
ѰҲһΣ֮ǰٺᣬ嶯ɱˣڱŮ˵ϵףʱЩ鲻סֳ嶯ˤŶȥ
ȻǺջˮ
ΪŮˣٺһˣģҲΪŮˣԼʧأ



795 
ŮӴǵЦȥûмѰΣˣɣҵʱ䲻࣬ô˹Ǻúġ
ʱϢȻһ䣬֮ǰǵľ֣
ʥϢü۳ׯϣһֿƺ쳾Ȼڳ֮ϵĿʡ
Ѱ𶯣ʶСλʦȻһλʵɲĽɫ
Ѱûпһ࣬ĿⲻһƳŷСڴ˯ˡ
ľһ֮ǰΪһЩ鵢飬ԲŻ˿
ľҽһ˵С˵Ҫȥʤ磿
Ѱͷ
Ҫǰʤ磬ҪһĹϣΨƿؿռ䷨ʥɴС
ľƽ˵һҪǰʤ磬ֻ;
һԼж֮Ķѽ·ǰУ·նȻʥУҲգνǾһ
ѰͷЩҲνġ·֮֮ͨգŲԤֺͽѣһԣ֮ͽû˻ѡַʽһ硣
ڶַǽ͹Դ簲ȻִﶫʤС
ľƼ򵥣һȴûʸô͹󣬱ϾȹʥãתһΣҪķѺƷ衣
ֹˣǰʤĴ͹ֻʮѣеĴ󲿷ֱѿЩϵͳУɲ˭ܹõġ
֪ЩѰüͷʱһ壬Ȼǰʤ粢ǰ򵥡
֮Ҫô͹󣬵һõĳһϵͳͬ⣬ҪһʲƵķá
ľ˵⣬һԵѰӦˣɷֻС£ʵֻһǾǻĳһϵͳϿɡ
Ѱͷˣһ֪ǰǷָܸһ·
СʦԼȴô죬ܸòֻ˵һЩʹĶ
ȻľǷһĨȣ̸ָϣȴô죬ʵ뿴һ㾿ǷֵôǿѾˡ
Ѱа亹ҲҪп飿Ů˰¿ĥ͸
Ӧһ£Сǰݵ֮ɽȵȻ˻㰲ǰʤˡ
ľ˵⣬Ȼֱɫׯ࣬ǰδе棬Σ
ݡ֮ɽ
Ѱɸû˵طǿľׯɫȴʶԼܾԷȻἫʧ
ȻܾҲ޷ֻǡ
ľȻһ̾ü𣬿ƾ޵һ˵ȻΣκ˼ģֻ¶ϧ
죬ɫʵû취ˣԭΪЩѰٵ취û룬նҵһѡ·ˣΪ֮ƣֻг²ˡ
ˣ
·ˣ
ѰľĴѾɽˮĳ̶ȣŻ֮£ѡСиԼһİˡ
һѰʹӦСĵһѣȻǰиԵ岻ݴǡ
ֹΪ˻ǰʤİҪǣǣС棬Ѱ޷Ӳܡ
ѰӦʹ죬ľЩ⣬зһĨοһ˵˵꣬ϰɣգԲ㡣
Ϲʱڣһ޵С칷壡
칷Ⱥͬˮ𣬱˴ɱ޾£Ѫۻһһ޷⡣
ֻǵһѾû䣬˵ϡ٣ǰûϹʱĻԻ͡
Ϊ棬һ岻òһ޷ļն
ۺ칷壬ȫͬ
ӴӴ󣬵ۺʢ˲żüãƣŻ綼һĴ
£Ϊ޵Уû͵洦֪жѡ
ľ壬ԭһݣǾڵƽ̣ɲ֪ôй¶ϢݱʶƣӶ޵к칷ע⡣
ʮǰľ칷ɳĸΧѱܡ
˰ɣҵĵǺ칷һ壬һȻ֮ɲѱ鲼ŻĴ磬Ӧ£ܻܵǣۣ칷屨
ľ˵գѰϣȻѰӦҲһǰˡ
Сţɽе˵ˣѰСܻ಻ԤΣա
ѰĿڴ˯ŵС棬ӵһǰŻ֮󣬸Сһ·־ǲһĨĵЦ⡣
һ崿áɰŮɾֽ
ҪǣСڽŻ֮ĵһѣ
עʲôѰҲԲԹˡ
ԣջĿʱͺƽӦ´£еգں
Ż磬ǹ¼ҹһȻκˣοĳͨ콣ڡʥء鱦ʥءȵȵȵȡ
νʭӶ˲ŵĲ´ЬģѰȥһνĴ
ȷ
ľ˱ѰܾĴ㣬ʵû뵽Ѱڵ֪һеԵ֮ɻƽؾʹӦ
ѰЦˣǰڿЦ
ΪʲôľʶѰһ
иý
ѰһĪɣ˵Ļ棬СҲģԵ֣עôһܾǹ⣿
ľһԵ¶Ȼﲨת޲ɷƺܴ˵СҺãһֵиˣҡҲա
ʲô׵¡
Ѱ̲סЦʲôֵи
һ룬ѰΪСϲʦĻͷԼˡ
ľǰ϶ܹܴˣ
¡
ȻľһԥͽһóݸѰҪܾ壬Ҳûбⱦ͵ҵһɡ
֬ĥɣƴСһƵĵɫΣһ赡
ԼԼܹڲ뵣ɣһʥζԵúغͲ

ѰһһƣԡɡҲ̫Ѱˣ
һ˲䣬Ͷ϶ƾԼֵ侪ˣ
ȻһľԴķʽ˵һҪƱܴĪҪй¶ȥ洫µرǣϹĴ֮һ桯еĴܣʥ˼Ҳػɱ˶ᱦ̰



796 Ϯ
Ȼйأ
Ѱ𶯣޷ƽһ˲Ժоͻһƪӷ֮ɽлõĵʡ
̤Ǻģأ£ƣԺ쳾ߵšԣԵˡ
ϸ˵һƪصĵʣԲžĴܣϸʵĵһ䣬ܾͺйأ
棬ϹصĴ֮һֱ棬Уأ뾭һب֮ϵġǺŵ
ǵʵˣȴǺŵΪһֻЬģأƾִǾ֮ܿ˵ΪǺεֲ֮ˡ
Ѱǵãʱϸһпӣ˵֮֮Ϊأź;йأϹʥͣҲûмܹһ֮ݣ
֮Уõ֮غ񼣰㲻ɵü
ֻǣѰȴû뵽ľóһȻ֮йأ̫𾪡
ȻѰһʱ̶޷ƽ
ľԣǴһһĻôӹɣһ屦ֵɹ
Ҳľ˵ʥ˼Ҳۺ죬ɱ˶ᱦǺ֮йصıֻҲᶯĲɣ
֪Ӧоſһ飬칷Ҳһ飬ʤС֮ƵĹϵͳҲһ顣Ŀ飬ȴ֪˭֮֡
ľɫһ˿ӣϹʱһͺ칷һĳޣ𣡡
Ѱǰ̫أֻ²װɣ
ȷĶҪֱ֪лһصġʡ֮ܺйأ
ܵõԺֻҪлӽ֮棬һ֮ݣ
ͬصƺ֣̫غͲǽܣǷµֿɾ̫ˡ
ľɹЦѾȥ޾£ֱڣһҪҲܣȻУҲûʲôãܻᱻ칷ߣǣˡ
˵գҹɫһü͵𣬵Ѱ²˳٣ʹС߰ɣҵġò˶ãЩĺڹͻ׷
Ѱһݣٺ˼룬ǰǿһ뿪ġ
ľҡͷֻ£ܸǴ뿪ʱ䣬ֻ¶Ҫ߲
˵⣬תѰ߰ɣߵԽԶԽãȵִ֮ɽǾͰȫˣסһҪС棬ΣҲԲЩڹУ
йһѰЩء
ʵ޷ľһӵи绪֮ƻŮˣ䴦ȴ֮պ;ȡ
Ҳû뵽ΪС棬ѡ
Ȼ׼

ҹɫϷǰƻ
ջбһɫĲУĪٴλãɫвˮ䣬ȴȻ֪
Ϊʼգһڡ
أ˵ľĪ˿̵״̬
˭Ǽһʵֲȵز
ԺУʱһĻĻԾĪеһǰδе𺳡
ʲôǾ콾
ǰĪҲ˵٣ֱ죬ۼʶľ콾ķɣ
Уߣ۹ڽյһԾ׷״ŹѰͺȹŮݡ
Īһ̲ס뵽ھ˵۵꣬бĿջУǷһԤĺ䶯
ǿջᱻȺ̤ƽɣ
Խ룬ĪԽʧ䣬ԭҲһе̳۵ݺ͵λ绨ƽĴǰ̡
ǡ
һУȴĪ͵ʶǰԼֻһֻľ֮ܰˣ
ȻһӰ˶棬Īһ͵شӷҵ˼оѹ
һϮ£ϻһɫߣԵúصӣǽ׶еװ磬ЧǺȹŮ
ֻߴǶĺϣȴĪеЩͻʦôѧЩˣ
ǺˣȻĪʦȱ
ݰˡȱڵ
ĪһһȻΪʲôҪݣ̫ˣ϶ҪĳΪ֪ж
ж϶бջейأ
ȻĪ¶ˣһ̺ȱ˵˴ƽ̺λϻһ֣ң̫Ԫϻ򣬿˵¾㱸ֻǷˣˣΣ
̫ԪҲҪ֣
Īɵ̫ԪֻһǾ綼պİ벽ߡﻸ
жźպһϹֻһ߾̤߾
ͬﻸҲɵĶ룬ڣõܹС
ֻǣĪû뵽Ϊ˶Ը꣬Ȼﻸ̫Ԫ϶ˣ
ȥķ˲ɡ
Ī磡ȱЩüĪЩá
Ī簡һѣǿ԰סе𺳣ʦ𣬴ǲԶĿջС
ȱɫͣͷĲ
ֻǡĪЩɡ
ֻʲôȱüôձһ䣬ԼͽֱѶϣҲ̫ͳ
ĪһҧڽһսϢߺȱ
ȱֲɵڷ׶ʱ˵˴սϾӰ̫ˣۣ벻֪ѡ
ʱлڸпһŮȻǾɵĴǸöá
ôˣȱЩɻ
Ǵӣ
Ī࣬õúȱһв豭׳ȥһκˡ
죬ɫԭ׹ʱչֳȫͬʵôû뵽ء
Īԥһ£ʦҾôӼȻ˳ͲȻѰ֮޷֪Ȼˣǡ
·֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵꣬ͱȱϣ˵ˣ㻹ᣬʲôдƺͻᡣ
ƣ
᣿
Īֹһ̾ѿʦѾٲɸı䡣
ֻ벻ףټôų͸֣̫ԪҲ붯ΪνĴƺͻ᣿
ȱૣɱӻһЩҪ鷳ܵõһʥıǸһЩҲֵã
ΪһܹıһŴƣǿƵǶݵı
̫Ԫᱻ붯
ֻһΣץסˣ
ʲô콾ϾֻǸˣŶ쾳ΪԺ־ʿ⣬ֻҪ벽֣߳ҲעҪ١
ϹֿɾͲһɱ˴ӣ
Ī磬㲻Ǻйν취Ѵ׶ǣ
ȱһѹ˵ʵûʲô͸Ųݾܾζ
Īһпɬ



797 
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գĪѵͷӦʦΥľܺܿܣȴòˡ
ʱʮ֮˾ţ
ֻǣĪʱ͵ע⵽бĿջſڣ߳һϤӰȻ꣡
ߣһŮС棬ĪϤ֮
ҹҪȥ
ĪȻ
Ҫ뿪
ԱߣȱҲվɫڲƵĵƹҫ£һɹζ
ûˣϢɡ
˵ţȱⲽ뿪˲ŽֵȻ׺һŮ
ͨ
ˣĪǣɫȻܸӣ˵ǸøˣǸñ
ԼҪٵ

ҹƻδ롣
ҴڽֵϣѰЩأٱǰľǺЦľģоһ̾Ϣ
Ѱ磬˵ûɣʦ϶ǲˬԼġ
СЦڣ崿СһƬãҹɫԵĿ
ŮǵӣȻ֪һߣܻ޷ʦˡ
ѰзһĨ˵ϧ
ּŹ£Ǳ¹ִ󣬵Ҳ¹飬ʶܹᵽֿʹ
С棬ҴһȥĵطòãѰ˵
СɵؿѰһۣСɵıӣѰ磬ôоЩֵֹģòܵʲô˰ɣѵڵĸϻƨɵ飿
ѰȻʧЦ̧һСţûߣ̫Сˣ´ټ㿴ôʰ
˵һļơ
СЦаҾ͵ƨɴ򿪻໽У
ѰЦ
˲ҹɫеĽֵϣнԶɺƻԶǳ۴αȵĹϽѶһ·ϣŮһЦ
һֱ΢ЦſԶһԺȴҹɫ

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Ц޼ɵû࣬ѵûƣֱŵ˲֪ĵز
ﻸɫĮʵҲŭһνľ콾ѣվֻһ쾳ˣȴͺ͵ûʲô
ﻸһ̾ҲգȻ㲻ԸѡϷ򵥵ķʽһ̣
䣬ۻӶ紫˵еǬƵģͷųֲĵ⣬ܻΪʢĺǵذ㳯Ѱϯȥ



801 
ﻸĹ򵥡ֱӡֱ
һϵľţ־֮ϣƾǧ㷨ţһ֮
ͬҲڰ벽ߵĵ̺ǣһֻСӶѣָĨɱش󶯸ɸꡣ
¡
ϣ˳Ŀգ貵˼£Ҳֲ˼£ضյһƬѩ
ǵ龰ûǽϢҲͷһμ֡
Ⱥ嫶ֲǺɣ¾־Բʿֻ޷ֵ˻
СҪĨɱˣ
ܡ
ֻǣǸˣһҰгһĻĻ桪
Ѱ乭ͦӰȻΰħһɿֲԵϢй緢
䣡
飬ֳ׹ڤѪڱ̺Ŀֲ׼Ϲħŭ
Ϊ̫õƬضֳһĩհĺƽټ
䣡
ܹһڵļʸӳ˺ҹĵһ⡣
ʸջѵʱ类ǰͷųһƬֱֽ¡һͱ˺飬
ʱ䣬һɲͺͶ
ԭɫĮᣬһָ߸װƣɵѰ乭ʱͫȴȻһɫ΢䡣
ѰһĨʺѪҺнݳĹʱĪһëȻһּΣա
죬š
ֱһһɲ޷ɫ䣬ʧгһ˿߸ϵķ緶ܾӣһ¡
ð˿ֲʶԼδˣǵ͹˶֣ǵ͹еı
ͺñȣϵȻ֣СУһľ
ӣ
һλ벽еϹսܺͷḻһʱӦ
ֻǣվǴ⣬ССһǰƲʲôڴ˿̣ȴ
Ϊ鹭ͱ֮һĪ⹭߱Ѫս¾벽ߣ߶޶
ƾһԹѪŮҰɱӪͣս
ѰڹŻеһζһԹɱ˶֣ǿɾ̫ԲסһԱˡ
䣡
ףʢĻԳҹĻɢɢ˷ʮء
˲ͱɱѪ飬ڻĹâУ
λ߾ֻһߵϹҽжûüʧˣʬ޴棡
ɲನɢԶɽͳ壬ľɭ˲仯ҽظѿһ繵Ԩѷ죬һУĿģĿĩ񼣽١
ͨͨ
۵һɴݽ棬ֲನݺݵʮ⣬пѪ䣬Ǳޱȡ
ֻཻڴˣһǰδеĿ־õǾˡ
ΪΨһһλ̫ϳϣһλݵİ벽߾ϹȴƤ±һɱǵ𺳺ͳǱ
ˣ
޷пʵ
ͬʱѰɫҲһ󷢰ףһ;ƿݵļ󣬻㶼ա
ǷɣϤʶţѰ׼裬ȫȡ伺
ֻǣͬһȴһ˿޵ϳľ꣬Щ޷ܡ
ѪŮ˵Ĳ鹭׶ãڲ֮ͻᱻɲԤĺ󻼡
ѰӿâתСڤȫͻڳ֮
Ұѣ˵˹ȾʥѪĨɱʥ֮꣬ϹʱҲƵǾױ
ֻǣĥ̫أ̻Ѫ̫࣬᳹ױ
ҰڻɱʱһʥǰԹӹһƶѣͲҰλ߾еĶѣ
֪֮εȿֲס
ѰҲᵽһ㣬ֻֻܵһ޵֮
ɼˣԾӰ죬ұԵÿɲޱȡ
Ҳһ̣Ѱųᵽ鹭ĿֲֹǶԵˣʹ߶ԤӰ죡
лᣬһҪǰšʥ֮ء֮Ƶȣҵ鹭ʧ飬׽˹
ѰһҰָ㡣
鹭ͨʥһʥһԭһ飬ѹڲѪȡ
ֻ޾±ǨУ鹭ĥأҲ֪䵽˺δ
һ飬ǰȣѰٵ
ԶһʹѰ˼ѣĿԶ
۵һɴǱңɶš
Ѱ˹ⲽգǱ߿
󣬿ƴһѰŻԽЩһɱ
أ
ֻǣѰǰ׶ǵķϣȻһɭȻĹǺҹɫԵúˡ
ѰɫЩ粻˿ԶĻ۵ˣǿסɱеĳ嶯ȥ
²ⲻ칷ǿѱȫٸ
ϾղֳĶ̫ˣ׶־߲Զ˱ȻᱻӶǰһ̽
Ѱ񲢷Լһˣ߻һС棬ΪŮİȫѰҲðˡ
ղŷ飬Ǹй¶ȥұţ
Ѱ䣬кâ˻һۡ
һ˲ۻ׹ߣѱ־ûѰв֮
֪Ȼô˵;Ըô
ৣ
ûгɣһ仰ѰӰ˸ʧԶããҹɫµȺɽС
Źˣ
ȱţʧһۣһѪѶദͷɢģģҡ
ҲȻѰΪλʱ󷢴ȱĹǵ
Ψл۲µʲôɫɭȻλղŵĻǶˣΪɵ⣬ҲϣʲôⷢԽ֮¡͵ûɣ
û
ɫãĿ־塢Ȼŭʧ̫ϳ϶ˣҪû
ʵҪǸʹ֪࣬ôԺʱŵΣգ
£ֻˣֻǿۣһõꡭ
˫Ŀʧ૵ʲôһľ콾һ޷óˣ򣬽֮Ҳֻԣ
˵ɫһӱüᶨ֮Υ档
ǵģԣ
ɻڻһ磬ҲֻһССɰˣûʸȥһעҪڹŻǿ
³עԣҪŵģ
ߣ
ԶҹɫУһɭȻصĻ۵ˣ̧ۿȥ
ͼһ֧ԡںɫеĺϢشԶ
ҹɫī
ڤһȺħ



802 Ѫ
﷢˺£
һȺ칷ǿߣ߸֮ϣͫɭȻƬΧˮйͨ
ҹѹ֡
ԶһЩǵͬ飬Ŀսв̽Ѱ
˵ǹŻϢͨһȺô칷򿰳ƶ£ǶϵĵˣܹӶݡ
ڵһɫ꣬ɫ𪣬Ӣͫˣű̵ζ
йһ֧졣
۵ɫòû뵽ħߣһ׶Ľɫ
칷壡
һŻǿ̸߽ɫӴȺֶѪݣɱ¾޼ɣǶӯĺ
һЩϵͳԸȺ
ۣ
Ӧ𣬹΢΢һЦһ̾ͻأвݵѪ
ѪâһһѪܵͷ­׿ն
һλ־ʿڸղŵɱشϢ٣ֱֵӾͱɱ
Ѫ٣ɺ̣û۵˾Уŭû£û뵽ԷһԲϾɱˣ
칷Ѫȣɴ˾Ϳɼһߡ
ǵʱܱϣһЩ
ͳһĨζȻֻһˡ
Ŀѣŭ˼£Ȼһ̾ղǱڴһĿ꣬ȴû룬һλظ֣ʧأһλ̫ϳҲ١
ɫŭֻǣȴûἰѰֻǰѻɱ̫ϳﻸ֣Ϊһظ֡
ۣ
꣬ޱ飬ֻȴӵٴһͷ­Ҫʵ
һˣ
ûǶܵǰδеľͷŭڻҲŴɡ
ڣɵĳȴݽ㣬նԴǶӺͼ̤
ɱɣ̫ϳʧأϷͲˣۻȻŭĿŹ
УЦҲԣңҲʱȥӵˡ
˵ţһ֣Զսв̽һ´Ҵ
ôʵ
·ɿݴ˵˿ȷǣղŴ˵ȴһλ벽ߣӦúܶĳֿɲıһɱС
ЩݣкâӿֲøղֳĶ˴ԭа벽֮ĶԾǷȷݣ
ҡͷ̫٣޷϶
ڴʱԶսһ칷ǿƷʲôеˣСѾͷµһ˿Ϣ
ʱһϵĺ칷ǿһ궯ֲɱ
ڵһʱ䶢ϻۣóһչϼһɼŮ
ϣġһŮ۾峺ˡ
۵˽һоɻţѵ칷ǿ߳Ϊ׷ɱһŮ
ΨкȱɫЩȻϳС棡
ͬʱеһɭȻ˲Լϣһвá
ͼޱ˵ɡ
֣ȴһϢѹȸУúȱʶС棬ڣǰЩǻݵУһΡ
Ӻȱ죬ջĿ⣬̷ԸѶĿûкľһ
ಣ
ûãһĿѪɫ̻ҹɫޱȡ
ǡѶѪǺ칷еһֱӵǧﴫѶá
Ƭ̣һɫĽӱλ칷ǿ߿ţն

ʱڵͣж񣬳澹ׯ֮
СѾͷˣ
ɫУһȻŵ
Ӧˣ
ǺǣľŮ˹ȻǲģΪֻҪСѾͷţлһ֮𣿿ϧһѾעǻ췦
ɫУΪȻɹЦСˡ֣ľȻ޻·
ǷѾͷӦ߲ԶҸղŴ˵սһλư벽ߵ֡
˵ǻɣλѾͷ
벽ߣ
ɫУȻû뵽ľ˾ȣ붯һλ벽ߡ
עͽͰˣ˵벽ߣһλߣǵжҲҪĴۣ
һ⣬ȴ¶һεƣĲ
ΣѾͷվǡѪ֮ʼΪһУҲֻȼӵʣһעӵвɹĿֲܡ
˵ãѾͷ̸϶вվһα뽫Ĩ
˵⣬ûгɣԸʼжɣѾͷѾЩϹĲǿɶ۰Ͱ͵ǵĺϢء
䣡
һ̣һں칷ǿ߶㣬ǺɫĽڿն𣬳Զããɽȥ
ԭأֻʣ»ˣĿһУԭսľΪעҪѡ
û룬ʼգǾһȫˣ
û뵽ֻܹΪԷӲǷСۿɬݿ¡
Ҳն
նǶԣֱһجΰ㣬̫пͳأֱڶԽܡ
һеԵɣȴֻеһ̰
Ƕ֪úڣǸʹޣ̰ҪĴۣδҲ̫ˣ

ɽӣſգçç嫣вɽˮıأɽˮһԭʼ
ڳǳأҰɽΣյģݷܾӣЩδֻ֪Уն
Ѱϥһɽϣ´ָ
ɽߣȴףɲԴ䣬ȪɫڣбƵġ
ԭһͷռѰֵʱû֣ϢͷѿǵĴգ̶ֻӡ
Ѱׯϣڱ籡Ӳӹϼڵϱëţͨ
УһһƷ軯촷ۣȴȻ
һ̵飬ϣӨӨ⣬һֿ֮ϡ
ڣǱѽݽߵһ־˵ٶȻָţĳˮ㣬ĵ¡
ڸ߽龧Ʒ̺ҪӴҲӿѰȡٶȡ
ҪʱָܻȫһʱУ
Ʒãɼֵڰ󣬶Ѱԣݳ֮ؼʱûá
䵱ճ֮Ѱļҵ׿϶Բ
ͻȻеѰȻһƾףԶĵطڰпţһʱ䲶׽



803 ɽ
ѰӴ񳬺
ɲǼ䣬֪ԼĪǧһƬïʢݴУһӰС
ͫ䣬ǿ׺ܴطſеĸϢգĿңңѰɽ͡
ȻȫƾжϳѰټ
Ѱ΢УɲǼ˹ں칷Ĵţһ
ǹӣ
ѰȻֹͣ˹Щü
ʶ֮ǰ˵ɱɾ˺칷ǿߣ
Ѱ֪ԶǼһӻһڷѪɫ򡭡
ǣ
Ѱϲȴܵز
ৣ
һ̣Ӱʧԭأһȫת󤲽ٿȻ˹ȥδϢ
¡
ǧɾѣѰԣת˲͵
Ǻ칷ƱӦҲ̱𣬳ԶӶݡ
Ѿһģ৵һӳһ䱳ƿһѪҽĵء
ͬʱѰӰƮȻ䣬һһﱳϣ˵ɣԶ֡
С飬㾹ҡһ꣬ǿ׺ܴԹضѰ
ֻǲ˵꣬ͱѰһƴͷϣðǣͷǲ
ѰҲϻô߱ѪӪѪĿ̣ʼһ
󣬺ڵϻ鴤ɫɷףͷ亹ٲʣݶҧ飬ͫնȻֳһʹൽ¶ļ
һ̣ǰδеĿΪ֮ǰĥֱڵм尾ޱߵʹĥ
û⣬ܿѰõԼҪ֪һС
ۣ
һֻӳϢڣһգױ
ȻԭΣȻһСţĺɫ󹷣ͫͭ壬ɺޱȣƤëỬǿһгѩɭȻ
Ǻ칷ģ
ಣ
Ѱڹʧԭء

һɽȪǰȼգϴſ⣬Ʈһָ˵㡣
Ǻ칷⣬Ҳǹе֣̺ȻѪ;ӿˣһѵõζ
ǰѰ˼
ѾõҪ֪ģֻȴЩ
˴κ칷ǰ׶ǣһλƾĶλ벽ߺһλߣ
ˣ칷еһλϵҲ˵˴ж죬ϵᡣ
йУӴ󵽱鲼Żĺ칷УҲһеĶ콾
кܲ򵥣պ칷ڲۣԳƵǡǧն콾
νǧն
ָľǣƾֻ֮ɱǧΪǿĵˣ
Ϊսʵ
ɹܹ쵽һ֤һԿ羳ɱֵ׺ɫѪܵľսõ֤
ҲˣеĵλΪȻΪУ߱еһ档
ݴں칷һУС˵Сƺŵľ콾ֻ˵֪ˡ
ȻЩϢѰ̫ľľǣһ˵ĿģҪԸľҪɱľߵС棡
ΪСͬһᣬѪͳΪġѪ֮
ѰѪ츳ж಻˼飬˽⵽һСѪͻӵпֲޱߵԺ칷ľ޴в
ҲˣСΪǵжҪ䳹ĨԾ󻼣
Ǵ˴֮ʦڣϧλ벽ߺһλߣԺͻɱСйأ
Ѿͷԭ˲򵥡
Ѱһ˼⣬һѾĹζ֮Ѱݲѡ
ȷʵ̫óˣ
⽹ۣ̺ŷľ㣬Һнͷƾζ
ˣڵ֪ЩϢֻѰʳ֪ζ
Ѱȴûһ峺Ϫˮ̻ʣʱϼھƣһտյģ
ûãһڹⱻѰӣֻʣһѹͷ
𣬳һϢʹƵġ
ڹҲԳ䵱дҩˣζ
ѰδҰһ죬ЦЦҲã·ϣ뻹Զһںڹ⣬Ҳ㡭
ûٵ飬Ѱתȥ
ľУýСݾڵ֮ɽ
ʱѰѵ֪ݾݼ֮ңԶмʮݾϰ֮ңԶ
Ȼƾ۵ٶȣҲҪʮʱ䡣
Ѱδôд㡣

ʱ
һ峺Ϫˮ֮ϣһں칷ǿߡ
һѱеøɸɾѩ׹ͷǶʱˣһǺĺУøеһľ
ɺޣǿΪʳ˭˵Ᵽֱˣ
Щ칷ǿߺйˣѪȵ¾֣뵽Ͼ˸ҽǳ䵱ʳ￾˳ԣ
ƣ޷ԭ£
Ҵס򣬷һʲôɫ䣬ɫޱȡ
ҪѴ¸һŭˣ˭ܲ𡣡
һѴ˵һ£Ѱ˵ټ˭ҺǺ칷ԣͱ
ǣ
칷ǿɱڳ
ǶϵĶ֣ɴӲӹӵ׷ɱ˴ΣֵϢò˶ãܻɱԷ

ˣϼѤãɽһƬɫ
䣬˻ٲǧɸߵк£ĺ졣
һɽۣѰֶͦӰһɣԶɽӣͼϼεȺɽꪣԶã
ֻǴ˿ѰУȴһ
ͫиֳ»ɬƣâҰУȺɽ֮Уֳһ
еīգɭȻļ¡
еȻԻðĹֺ룬ϼƮС
ģֳһɻҝɫʣϡѰ
īߣΪɽ֮زо綾֮ݷ֮ޡ
ߣΪϼ֮һɽ֮ڱ󡭡
Ѱ
ɫ쵵ɽ֮һصƣȻߣҲϸϸ֪
ѰУȴܹһ˲Ϳ䱾ʣǡ֮ͫá
Ȼֻ򵥴ǳһá
֮ͫĵİ壬̽ѨѰ
ţ
ѰͫȻһУһֱʹĸоԶɽϣһֻͻͰһ̩̻֮ƣ䲻
ѵһ˲õıأѰһӰٿȻһʧ



804 Һ
һۻ֮ɽ
ȥѰǰһҲЩȣççҰ֮Уһɽ
ͼɽǧɣԴΡ룬ԡУҫѤ
̸涣֥籡ϼʱаԳ¹Уټ翣֡
ˣйƣţۿȥһ˵ֱɼҸء
Ѱת֮ͫĬĬ۲졣
̣ݷڣһ֮󰡡
죬Ѱо̾㣬ڴɽϿɣ´࣬Ϊȫһиأ
ֻǺܿ죬ѰоһݣԾڴɽԵøİš
ʶȥ֪Ѱٲһһֻ϶Ѱٲ
̣ԶܣҿɽĪǲʲô
ѰһתǣӰһȻǱɽС
ԡ̣ѿڱϢжһ߾٣޷Ѱټ
Ѱְֻܼӣ֮ͻɢ޷ƿء
ɽһ󣬹䣬滨Ĵɼϼ·ŽӲӵĹ
̶Ƭ̣Ѱ뷢ʮҩ
ж۴֣ߵӤѪ֥йʵ챥СƵ֦ͷĻڱ̶УƯˮĽѩ
ֻǣѰ֮࣬
ɽϣӵ˶ҩ鿿̫ˡ
ѰûȥߢʵǣȻǰС
ܿ죬һ𣬿һɽϵĶſ̦ѻƣѾ˿
ӹɣһǱٳȻ
òǺܾǰĳλ޵֮ɡ
Ѱǣԡ֮ͫͼǶڵľʱһƬһƬ貣ֱһִգ̵Ѱ۾ۣæŲĿ⡣
֮ζţǶвԾı̫ˣʥζ
ԥѰһһֻ滽ѣ˳
ܷҵȫˡ
Ѱһһʶϣ棬Ƕȥ
ԡ֮ͫ̽ǶѨȫǺڰһƬۣžޱȡ
ֻСӰãȻɶУѰһֻ۾;һнԱѰ֪
Ѱǣⶴ̫ˣһֱͨ£֮أͨµһͨ
ǧɾ֮һ¡¡𣬻ص
ѰʱһʹǰУûãҰÿһƬʥĹϼŨޱȡ
ͬʱһݵĿֲѹ涼һݳ
󣬶ѰҲǻһ˻һ
ͨϵʶ˲䲶׽һ棬ǹʥĹϼһ޴ˮأˮоǲӲҺ籡ƿֲȻŨƥ
Ѱ²ûˮеĽɫҺӦǽڴ˵ġҺ
šذ䡱֮һʢľҩһΣ˶׹ǣŲɹЧ
ȹ屦ȻЩϵͳУƵϡΨľá
ڣɽĶѨУһӵĽҺǴȥƱػۺ죬ϧһдҲҪ֣
ѰֱһԵ
ֻһ̣Ѱһɫ䣬ʧг
ΪڴʱҺľ޴УȻһ̽һף
ͭ壬Ʈҷ۸ǣͷһǣͷųóʢĽ⣬ҫƥ
˳أݷһ
Ѱɵۡ
ܿ죬ʶˣͼˮطףһ¹Ľ˶Ӳƽɣ޳ҡҷһβ
ʲô飿
Ҳ̫˵еˣ
Ѱһ㱣죬Ŵѣϸжϣջɣ飬ӦϹʱеһ
ǽޣ
УΪͽ֣֮ժǶ£绽꣬۳֮ϣӵв˼츳ͨ
Ϲʱ򣬾дţ˵һλʥһͷǽΪշ޸Ե
ȻǴţпŵɫʣӹɣǽ޾һֲֿޱȵ顣
ֲôɽ㣬ȴҿԭ̾һͷֲһ
Ѱˡ
һǶǽƲʲôһԲӲհͫףٿȻڵĵطɨȥ
ӣ
Ѱԥ´ԼҲ͵سԦۣԶȫȥ
𣡡
һУһװ޺𣬰˷ƱɽΪģպȻը飬ɢ
ֲ̫ˣѣȴɢǷԲ֮أɽʯ顢ľ촷ۣһƬҡ
䣡
۾ٶȼ죬ܳ͵رݺײɣҲеѰӰģɫΪ֮һ䡣
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ѰҲ֪ˣԷ˽һ뾫һλ벽߲һλشѳƵǳء
ֻǿϧЩҺ
Ѱ˼ȥջǵͷȥ֪ѾûлȥȡҺ
һԼҿȥƱػǶǽֲĴ
Ͼ֮ǰǶˮǰǺܲؽѵСǽޡ
Ȼ̣˼ҿĺᣡ
֪Сһƨɣ˼βͣͷµʹΣΪĽ³ЩҺλǽñץ񲻿ɡ

ԣ
շӳϰ֮أѰȻʶһ⣬ֹͣ˼
ղŵļսУЩڹеܵشɱϹʱǴǾ̫ϧˡ
ѰӿԷμסԼڽ·ϣȻз׷ɱ
Ѱ䲻壬˱վನ۷Σա
ˣһԳ׽
ƾ鹭ͱ֮ǿԳŽУֻԹķֻ»ԽԽء
Ѱһɣ¶ģˣԺԹӡѹֱУΣʱ̣Ժٶþˡ
ಣ
Ӱһԭ·ʼȥѰڹе˵ټ䡣
ץʱ䣡
Ѱһλ칷е߻ָƣûлɱԷĻᡣ
С桭
ȫЩ̫ˣСжҲ㡣
Ѱ㵱ִݡ֮ɽʱٽСųȫʡġ

ܴ裡
һݲɽϣԣɫ࣬ݶҧ顣
ѾͳƳ˴νһɽϣǾʧλ벽ߣԼʮǿˡ
ʧ̫أһѵ빶УĶѪ
Щˣɶ׷ߵÿһһСʧ
λ벽߹ɽ͹ǿΪŵıߣ˿ɸܲ
ڡ
ȫˣ
ж룬˴μܹ˳жʱҲȻܵɡЦʹ
ⲻֹӰе˶ʧȥչ˺͹עʧƣλһǧɣ
Խ룬оԽޣɫѿ˼£ÿʳˮ
ǿҲŭޱȣΪ칷ˣԹô
ɿĿģ
ȻһϵԵе㣬ش˵Ĺ
˿޸ƣõǹġҺҲĻº֢
ֻҪ׻ָɲһʱܹ쵽ġ
ƣҲҪʱܹϣ⻹нҺͶ鵤ҩָֻ
Ǽһ
ϸ䣬òüҵʱԼƺһ꣬ƶϵİ벽ߡ
˵⣬ͫ͵رһĨ˵ıâնԣһ޷ж䣬ȴܹϵϢȷǰ벽ߣ־ǣǶ쾳Ϊ
ϢһĶ쾳ǿ߸ǿѪȼգ¯ڣ⣬СӦҲһе׿
Ѱ֪жϳΪݣʱҲ֪θˡ
һǿȫɵۣĻ뵽ǿӵҵĶֻ֣һƶ쾳꣡


809 ƺ׷ɱ
һ쾳ꣿ
Ҳһû£һϰĶȴǵΪʳ
󣬸һӣأ
߾ڣҳ꣬Ȼһ߾С
ڣȴӵش٣
һ߷ӿͷùֱ޲ھ;Ѱ̻
ģϷƻָһһʱ´ӣҪãܣ
ɭȻպյһλߣһ쾳ֵûͷȥǳΪŻЦɣ
ҲޱȣɫʵԶ֣ʳ
šǧնƺŵһȴһͬƺͿӺܴ衣
Ǻǡ
ڴʱԶպȻһЦһƮȻƲ֮ϡ
ϣһͦӰԣڷƮѰ
㣡нһ۾ϳˣȻǴ˴ҪԸĿꡣ
ôĵӣ֣ŭЦȼգӱ֮
Ǹû뵽Էǵûӣǰҫ
ǲ֪
ųˣѾͷһϢҪԸĿ꣡
칷ǿҲУѰݡ
һʱ֮䣬Ļܵŭ𳹵ױˣС飬һͬ飬ǿӵĺܲңأ
ǳư

ֱӣжϳѰݵһɲʹӴһƺݺĳ
䣡
һƬֲĴĿѪЮԣձƲը飬ѰǶȥ
ֻǣ֮ǰѰͼԦ֮ززٶޱȣ׾ͱܿߵһ
ùһЩš
Ȼ˿ƺأֻܷӳһɵҲһ쾳ܹ㵲ģ
ߣ£
һ˵ķŭһֻСӣҳƣˣδ棿
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ߵţ֮ϣ֮¾Ϣ٣Ҳ˭ܹºַģ
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Ҳʶһ㣬̫ˣǼһճ־ߣﻹ֪ʲôˮ
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ô죿ʡ
׷
ɫ価ɱۿӱǾԲĵģ
˵ʱƼХնȥ
ǿ߼ˣҲҵæϡ

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ͷǽٶȳ֣򣬹벻һ쾳ˡ
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ͫѪɫѩ׷ͷų糱ˮѪɷɫ䡣
칷
Ϲʱ򣬺칷һ˻𣬶񷣬ǳ׹䣡
񣬹ֳ壬ϢΪֲſѪڣֱһƬ棬īǵء
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УһܹĿֲ棬Ǻ칷һǿ츳С
ವһѰԦܣԭڵձճһƬĿĵĿ
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ʱУһ׷һӣХããҰУ;֪ɽľһƬһƬ
ѰĬĬʱ䣬ݵǣϹȻشԵúܿɲֱҲ˥ļˡ
ԭ̽һԷʣ¶鹭ͱ֮оɱ˲ȷһʧ
û룬Ϲɺǿӣ
ѰʱʶԼЩ͹߾ĿɲˣԶԶЩ벽ܹᲢۡ
߷緶
Ѱǰʶǿߣ̩ҰȵȣǱϾֻǼʶȥԿᡣ
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ԼһǶǽͬҲ᲻һԸԼ
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ʱѰͣϣԶԶ׷Ĺ鹭ͱ֮
ѾϹһȦܸ֮ΣվǸ÷ֳʤˣ



810 ԸҶ
С飬ôˣٿȻΣⲽնɫᣬѪɫѹǵء
˿ܷɣԭһ·׷ɱѰʱҲܾ裬Ѱػģͼ
ڿѰνͼ޷ҪʼʩƾǶǽѹеܿЦ
Ѿӹһˣٱӵڶ
Сǭ¿ˣ
ӣΪʲôҪӣ
ѰҲЦˣѩףԣܲã㲻ˮܲ𣿡
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üоСӺܷڽûż֣ͷʼ𣿡
ϹҿɲǿЦΪ׼ǵءѰЦ
ɫһ⿪ؼ䣬ɱ䣬Ǭʱˣӻƣֱ̣
ˣ
Ҳڴ˿̣Ѱˣ
Ѿõ˲ﵽǰ۷壬õڳƻðĲӲϼ
ˣ
鹭֮ͳ
һ̵Ѱ绯Ϲ֣ΰţһεľɱֱ̰嶷ţ
̫ˣ
ͬѰ˴ת˶սʥ֮ŭִľǵ˿ǰֲز
ս֮ڣõ˵ƶͬˣսʮصĶսһǻսѪȼڤ
ӹɣѰޱǿһһת˼
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䣡
Ӵĺ칷̤գŲư㣬ٶȿ쵽˾׵ĵز
ÿֲϢˣΪһ̼˵ɱɱң
УʲôҶֲѵһʥɣ
С˶౦֪ˣ͸֣׻
ӶУɫ粻޵ݿҧ飬ߣֻǻɱһ쾳СӶѣȴ׷һ·֣ܵⱾ͹˵ġ
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ȴҲӣǿֲΣմ̼κһ˿ɡ
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ðͷƤը뵽Ӷ֮·ϾͻȻӳɱ
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֮ɲǼ䣬ڹһ޴ĿըѪɡ
ߣܵ˴ֻѻɢױ
Ȼµǣأں壬ڿֲĻϢذ
ԶѰɫ԰ףһֻ˿ȴɫأҲЩֲ
ΪһԻɱĹ룬ϹӲ
ߣоɽ߿С
ߣɽ֮ϣԽ徳䣬ƿصѿ֮ϣʼѰٳ֮
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С飬
Ŀѣ׷ͱߣһŭɽ׸ģѪƯ֣οǹǰķˣǿֲ
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ѰȫܵϢΣѹȡ
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վһ˿һצӺݺںϡ
䣡
ֱ棬̳죬Ѱ˲ش͵ؿȳһѪǶ顣
̫ɲˣ
Ǻ㹻̣ǲȱ֮ʥ޷סһеѰȻҲܴ
ΪҪǣղŵһѰõشֱѩϼ˪

ϣֻʣ²ȱĹŭ
˿̵ħĲһɫֲͷųֲĺ֮֮ϳѰǶȥ
ಣ
˸֮ձܿ
ѰڳеҺҲȥˣþһӶݡ
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һҧݺۻλƼӶݡ
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Ѿȫˣû뵽Ǻ۾Ȼ˼̣ξѰ

ŭ
ֻǾڴ˿̣һؿڴԭȱ֮ᴩ˿ڣڴ˿̱ˡ
ԭͱ˰ղŵĹֻƴ˶ѣվѹƲסˡ
ͼʣİҲʼֱļ

ٵһɲڸе˿־壬ʼҺͲߣѿʼ֮̽;Ļľʹȥ
Ҫȴ֮ʱ̽Ѱʥ֮գҪ
̫Ĳʳͷùľһֱļ֪ԼҪˡ
ֻǣһ뵽ԼǱһ쾳ģһּıС
ң̫ģ
䣡
żĲȱп񱼣ҪǰѰͬھ
ֻǣȻûз֣񱼵;УѪڿٵѣ׹䡣
ֱ׷ϺۣҪʯʱȻ֣Լʹһ˿
ֲˣҲˣֻʣͷ­أŭĿԲ
⾰̫ˣԼţ׻
ߵ£ǰһڣû֪
飡
ͷ­׹أҳһӣѪ˫ͫأԶź۵λãһĿӡ
һߣ߳ƶ꣬˻ģȴڴ˿̱УɱСӵĶ֣һyйǣûڳУ
УѰѪ£૵Ϲˡ⣬߾𣿡


811 ţ֮
ѰȣԾ˵ٶȻָš
֮ǰ̷ĽҺɢЧ޸ǡ
Һذ֮һ̶Ƭ̣ѰƵõһ̶ȵ޸Ҳָ١
ѰۣӰһսѰ
ܿ죬ѰѰٵһɫӽָʶ̽һɨȴЩʧ
ǹĴָֻһЩƷ衢ʮϡȱҩԼһЩƷġ
ˣöط򣬷ֱǡʷ龭͡С໯ٷ
һ߶ԣطԿǵһĴУ󾳺İأֵ֮󣬲ɹ
ɶ̤۵;Ѱԣǰطĵ;壬ûټֵ
Ҳ͡С໯ٷѰĶ
ⲿطӦǡСмŹڡŽ١һЩԼζɶİ
Ȼ񻹲ʺѰУɵгһ̤߾ʼ;ʱȫʹĦ
ֻǣջվѰЩʧ
Ϊһλɽۣ֮ʼѰٳ;ߣЯ֮ȴ˺ᣬѰҲһ
ѰѰѰ٣ҵһ޴ĺڹȣеĲŻⲻ١
̤ĺڹ⣬֮Ҳ֪ζˡ

뿪ǰѰһԶɽдһĨɫ
֮ǰļҴսУ콵ɫڹؼʱ̰ԼĴæ
գѰعȭһ񣬱תȥ

ãɽۣ֮һԼŮӰŽɫϼ£ڴУ󣬷绪
ŮߣһüĿ㣬ݰ׵СкͫӲӣ̡
ףղΪҪǸ쵰
СкһҧгݵģǸ쵰ҵĽҺƨɣ̫޳ܺͱˣ
ŮңңѰ뿪ķ򣬰˵ӣɼǵһĳ˭
壡Ск˼
ŮӵͷԣҪסղǸꡣ
Скһ㶣ѵǽ᣿
ŮҡͷǸһĨĪĻȣһгһգǱȻͽ忪սġ
ѵҲͽг𣿡
ڻ޳𣬵Ժ˵׼ˡ
ףΪΣ
ΪǰѹϹʱ߱ɱֹһλʥˣ֧Ǵಿġ֧֮һͬȾǿߵѪ
ŮӵȻעһͽ޳ԹɵӵһԹһ𣬾ѱһԺһҪԵġ
ף
㻹СԺǻ׵ģһмסǶǽһĺᣬĸ׾ǱɱҲǡ
СкͷüĿϸһĨᶨף
У򰵵Σҳ󣬻ҪȥʹղǸ쵰һ٣ǵһҴ̫ƨɵˣܴ裬Բ̣
ںСк̫𡱣һսʮأѹݡ
ȴû֪̫׵ʱ򣬻˺شƨɣһӹڻ۵㡭
ȻԺˡ

ˣ
һ󣬹һ˵ӰƬ򣬵ȷѲʱǶʱ׻ˡ
Ϣɡ
ãвɫس
֪ˣһλ䣬鲼Żĺ칷ԣҲһش
һҫۣٲʣҲûеجģ
λ벽ѣ
뾫ѣ
Ҳѡ
ɻţ
˴ж˵ǳʧˣܵһͿ
Լڷ壬ȴģЩ߲ŭʹ
һҪɱ㡭һ
ૣԺиֳѰӰδ˿˷ߺ޹

ϼڡֲԲԣԶȺɽ֣׳续
ѰһǰС
죬ɽ̽ѨѰʹĦ֮ͫİ
ϣĴ֮
һ·ϣʲôΣգҲ·֪Ѷˣûٳֹ

һڵɫɽۣ֮Ѱһӣɽʱɢ¶ɽݡ

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ߣӨӨӲӣ貵Ϲ⣬ٹ
ͭ
һָ߽ģֵĴָСһ飬ϵֻʮƷ衣
ǰһִ֮ͭ࣬ɫƵġ
ѰֽսָУתƮȻȥ
ʱƾ衰֮ͫãһ·Ϸ˲ٱأŸʽͿء
̫׾𡢱ɷȿ
ҲһЩɢɢŸ߽龧ȱƷиеͣϡһЩ
ƾ衰֮ͫѰһЩơ츣ءɽˮ
ջҲΣա
һЩķˮأʵŴɱ١
Ѱֹһβգʱһ⣬ְͨɫŨޱȵɽǰѰƶϣ˵Ӧһǽ
ֻǵʱɽ֮µĵУȴӿһɿֲޱȵĵɷѪ
Ƭ̣ǷԲ֮صһвľʯɽ͡ȫʴ𣬻ٽ
ѰܼʱҲѡ
ɷѪؼµһֹӵ޷ĸʴ
ȻǶ쾳ߣ΢մȾһ˿Ҳʬ޴棡
Ѱһ·Ρ
һǵһǣѧٶԡ֮ͫͲҲ̡
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ҹ貣ӳҹ֮ϣȺɽţΨɽХؼ䡣
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գСˣë׵ԴѰУ˲ǣСצţ˯
ϢأԶҹɫгһԱ͵ͫһͷý޳Ѫ
Ϣؿˣ̵ͫѰҲֻС
ˡ
С˯СƤһһ˯ú㣬ȻûвΣյ١
ԭݼŲʯѰһ˱ŵһ˲ҹɫ绮硣
ͨ
Ѫڵأɪɪܵ˼Ŀ־壬˻ѡ
Ѱ峺üӯһĨϢѪһ˲䣬иֳĸ֪
һͷ˶ѪͬʱһȺ̵ĸףʳΪһȺѶһϢ
ڣе˿־;кܲʣΪȴЩ޷
ѪȴѰһ˲ȫ׽ġ
ǽűھű䴫Сţ֮ġá



812 ţͼ
ţϹͨޣӵоģɱľ֮ͨӵĪ֮츳
ţԹͨش֮⣡
ţ֮ġⲿطУһԸ飬Ȼ컯ڵط
طľڤϣ˼ӳʱȻȻظ򵽴ĺۼ
ͼ侪ˡ

Ȼ־ʿҲ˭ܹƿء⡱
ϾΡ̫࣬翺ͻɬܹغͱʵģһǧ־ʿУҲûһǧһëǡ
ӵСţ֮ġܹ߸Ȼȥ֪֮ۼ
ɴ˾Ϳ֪ⲿطεȾ

к֮£ʱңҲһ׮Ե㡣
Ѱ͸óһ޴ĺڹȣѪ
ȥɡ
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ãѰһӡͭڵġţͼ𣬳ͷѪ˵ͷתƮȻȥ


Ѱһ̾ᣬۻΡĴɽǰ
֮ͨͫĹ۲죬һ˲жϳɽ̲һĵ
ֻǣ׼ھʱȴ˵ִڿɽڿ
һȺߣɽһڡ
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ˣѰͱҪȥֻǣʱȴһ
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˵ʱǱĻ¶һӡ
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Ů˺ĸ֪ôԶܹҵĴڣӦĳط
ѰЩȣҡҡͷʾԼֻ·תȥ
󵨣ҽ㻰˭ߵģĪй
ԱߣһģΪΣԼĪʮʱȳ
Щ¶֮ɫ
⴦żֵ˵裬ҲǰЩձǷ֣ھȻĻᱻ죬ᡣ
Ѱͻأ֣ǲòɣΪĳɳ̽ӣǰ̽Ϣˡ



813 𻯽
ѰתǷһĨȣǺȳԼĿ꣬ȻСһСĻӿڳ
ǿŭָѰӿڳ㾹вң˵˭ģʵˣ
ϣϣϣ
ڿ긽һڻӱ䶢ѰһԴļơ
ѰһĨ䣬֪Էˡ
ȻᣬҲ˰Եɣ
£е𣿡
ѰԴ⣬֮İȻȻתдһɿֲ
ǿһ׻Ƶģһģͨһڵأڡ
Щһ궯ѣЩţһĻ̫죬һ仰ѣǵСүѹ
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ǿ귢УŭޱȣǻŸʲôȥɱĻˣ
Ѱüߣȴ֮󣬱ȻᾯͽٶԼ
ȴͬԣǸļһ轾ˣûгԹʲô
죡
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ŮӾĬʱԼһŭȴһɶеϣǿɫò̲ԡ
ͬʱŮӽһӿѰǸȻ׵ܱ軵ˣڳײ˹ӣӺ
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ѩǾ޴ĳѾܽ·Ӱ˿̽Ա̲ס̧ͷȥ
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Ѱ˿̸յִǳǰ׼룬ͿһĻĿҲȥ
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ܿ죬ѰĿܿͱ׿һһ
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ݣѰͷ𶯣Щţû뵽ˡ



814 Ϣ
ͷ̵٣ݿһεŽɫһĨ֮⡣
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ѰǸʮʱƴĹУлйһ֮Ե
ʱѰֻ侳Ϊлã̤麣磬Уɡ
ڵ۹ʡϼڣѰһκʱһμлá
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Ѱ񻹼ǵõʱл˵һ
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ǰŻѰ𻯽Уҿӡ
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Ѱл̸ϺøУҲ̸񣬵ԷԽֺвڸ֮ǰлҲżȻ֮¾ȹһΡ
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ѰһɫȻ
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ԭлúѰ̸ǻѰЩ棬Ϊĸŵӵܡ
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лҲֳһ߸ϣʩ̬ѰоһЦͻ
ҡҡͷܿͽС֮Ժⲽ߽ѩǻֺߴĹϳš

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ҲˣϢҲǷġҡǮ

ѩ롣
һߴ󣬹϶ԾϢڴˣ֦죬ϱ߹Ҷӡ
ҶӨѩɣȣӨӨ⣬ڲŸʽǿߴ̽Ϣ
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ѩһһڻӵ£˳ִϢǰѩһ
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815 ȵڽ
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ڣһԾϵϢϣһƬȴСӨѩҶӡ
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ϵڷϢ߽ȫע
˶ûע⵽ȺΧλãһͦ㣬ɫñڰӵ꣬ʱתȻȥ


816 ʦ
нֵˮӨ͸ѩĴɼ
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ѩǶеľɫ
Ϲʱ򣬴˵һѩ֤ʥ֮գҶƬѩ裬һѩǣҶۡ
ѰȴԶñڸգҴڽֵϴС
廹ǵĴͣϢñ˭죡ѰԸ̡
ѩ˸ǣҲִϢǰ
뿴ʲô·˭룬ĺ䶯ϢȴԼйء
ۼֿ죬æԶڸգͱϳ
칷湻ģͨԼ浱ԼǺ۸Ĳɣ
ѰһղоƲסӿɱ
׶뿪֮׷ɱһ·ϣ˲֪ա
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Ůһ㶣̲סʣҪۺεģж٣١
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ŮЦú֣Ӵ֪ѩ¥ǳеһУѩУûѩ¥ԲµĻ
ѰŶһЦ˾ٺòˣȥһʦȻ׼óԣ裬ͿԽнס
ץʱ䣬ѩǶѣǾ֮أˣһٱ¶עǳٷ粨
ѰţŮҲٵһ׵УʹҴ뿪
ûãŮ߷أ߶һһŮ
С㣬λҪġŮߵܡ
ֻǣȴȻ֣СĿ⿴Ѱĵһۣʱħһһ𾪴͵ģ
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ͬʱѰҲһˣȻһԽ
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лɣǲǾֹҳӵġ
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һ뵽Ϣǰŵĺ䶯Ϣһֲʵĸо
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ȥһĺ䶯
Ѱӱñڵ˴룬ѩһ۾ϳѰݣ
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㣬ûϳǡԱߣѩ̲סѡ
СܣϴˣҪٶ˵һԿžˡѩڵ
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Ѱһ˿ͣòϣѩһϻ۵Ůˡ
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ѰͷͰ˵ļ۸񡣡
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ѩ΢΢һЦͺãȥΪ׼衣
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ѩʱһ˵ʵʮƷĽףѾڴˣҺټʮ¿ҲһΡ
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ѰһӣһϼƹĿӳֻĴָϸȴ೤Ƴһѡ
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ڵϣҪ޽츣ءھ᲻ϧؽʦ֣
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ݾڣǧĳǳУҲֻвλʦλ𻯽ڣ
ɴ˾Ϳ֪ʦݺ䳬Ȼˣ;ͨƴʦҲûʲô
ǡѰҡͷҲ֪ʦĴڣɲʦյ
˴۵ЩҰççɽѰٵõңƾǡ֮ͫá
ѩɫЩӣаʦĿѰٵ˶ϡȱ֮
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ѰҲЩߣҪһǸ߽ƷʣнҲԣԽԽã֪ѩ¥ܹṩ٣
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꣬ͽ޷ˣ¶Ծ֮ɫһŵģ
ѻ̫½Ÿ裡ʧС
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Ҳñڸǣģ϶ʲôö˵׼Ҫʲôأ
ߣ˵ֱ̫ף¼ŭеĺ칷ǿߣɶѰָԵ޼ɵˡ
˵ڸղŵʱ򣬳ϢǰһƺǺ칷Ҫͨһħһòǰͨ籨ţȡİɣ
пܣ
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˻һͶʱסˣһɫȻһǸ࣡Ϊ˻ýϧ칷ͨ籨ţֱ޳֮
ڵ˰ǻ裬ΪһЩǮƣ϶ԲҪˣ
ЩͲԣֻܱڿͳѰ
𣡱죡
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ѵ
꽫һϣ˵ڣ԰˵ˡ


818 ʹһ
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üѪɫͫбһƺâû뵽һǰ͵ļһҵʨӴ󿪿ڡ
вӿһĨɱ
磬λѺаհֻҪܹṩСҲ޷
ԱһѩΪ޵ŮӿڣУ촽ɺ죬ǰӿӨ׻壬κǻ
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ŮҲЦڣˣҪ֪֮ڹԹϣܹõҺ칷ĺøС
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ʱŮӿˣ磬λ˵ĶԣǿʧˣȻ㱨۰ɡ
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һԲ
ҲǧƷɣѰЦ
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ʱȫ˽Ȼʲô
㡭Ѱ
˿ƺ׹ʱг
ŮҲɫã⵽׻Ƶġ
뵽ҪͨĿ꣬ǰҺݺթһ裿


819 ħȺ
ǹ룬Ůǣ˿̽ƵòѪ
һҪͨ׷ɱĿ꣬ͻǰ֣ȴûϳԷӲթһʾ޶裬ֱڲԵ̫ˡ
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𻯽ڴҲ׷׳
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ֱŻУ˳𻯽УѰʱȻһɸ߸ϵԽС
ɽշ飬ȴѿ
͵ط֣벻еһ꣬ѳɳ˿Ҫĵزһ򽾰ܽܣ
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Щ׿½Ÿ衢л͵ʶһ¡
½ǰ꣬ԭľʼ磬ȵǸѰħ
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ʱлɫֱˣоһεĶϣܡ


820 ºʹ
л˫Ȼ߬ӿԵĳͲޡ
һӲе꣬ȴ𺳺ͻȻġħ񡱣޷ܣ
˿̣׿ҲĬƬ̣Цһ˵ҵҲдһʶʶˣϣл뵽۵ƻаɡ
һ𻯽ڴ
һ½ǰ꣬ȴֳ˴ĺ䶯ֹ˻ѻ̫½ŸȤ𻯽洫֮һ׿ҲƺʼӴӣǶһֲִĸо
ҳ۵ƻϣһֻ㣡лӿһɺ⣬ݶҧ顣

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ϣתߣҪһʱǰϢϢ
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λǿߺܲͷֻǣĿ⿴ס˵ģʱʱһ߸ߣʧ֡֡
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ͬһʱ̣ħ񷢳ͺ칷ΪУ칷ɲ֣гһգԵºʹ
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һʱ֮䣬Ѱƾһϵе¼ǰ㣬ʽҰС
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ҲѰ㣬ѪɱӲɱ
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ȻֻӰĲ𣬶սԱȡ

ϢϣƬȰСıӨҶӣﲻͬĻ档
һƬҶϣѰħŮԾ֮ϣͻ͡
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ڷƮͦӰ罣㣬ƥǵƣøһ
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겻֮죿
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޵߶ԣһ飬ǼֱһѣظУʹڵ;ֹǰ
ֻǣлôԴûһ죬һе꣬ȴܹӰ쵽񡭡
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ҲڵʱѩУʼ½½һȺһȺĺһ֧һ֧ں칷ǿߣɱڵس֣һѩǳ˷Ľѹա
˶ʶΪħһΪõú칷峹ױŭˣ


821 ˮ
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Ѱһ˴йԭʼɽУϼͶµĹ󣬽ͦӰĺܳ
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컯ȻѰ١ѰȽƮ裬ɽ
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ĥյˮ֮ϡ
ͻ־Σֻˮ֮ͻˮ֮زƾϡ

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Ѱ֮ϣӰͦ㣬һ绯һߵܡ
ֱĺɫȥҹĻ٣תƮȻȥ
ˮУ޼䣬ڣ޾
ҹѰһϪ֮ϣĽԳڲС
ĪˮǿĪ֮ʤν֮գߵü档
һ磬ѰӴ۵ɲǣһҶϣǡһ¶ˮ䣬ӨԲлһߣ׹ڵأѳһƵˮۣУʧ
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ҹɫīɽԭڰžޱȣɴ˿ȴһ죬ʲô׹ء
ͬʱѰӰڴ˵أʬ壬֮ؽ¶һѪأѪ۾һ㵵ı顣
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ԽԽΣˡ
ѰвǿҵľʶԼʱѾ࣬ò˶ã벽ߣߴͻ

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Ⱥɽ֮䣬һҵɱ
ѰһˣսλԺ칷־ʿЩϼһһսḻóϻݺ֮ط֮Ѳ
ѰȻ塣
Բ͸ĵϣɫڵϼݺ֮ϣͻգɽӡ
ײ羪ףƬУɽݣľɻңоŰԺط鱦Х˷Ʋ㶼ɢ
Բǧ֮أȺްߣݲֻӴܣֲսҪﻯ֮ء
ɱ
תȫʩչѹ׵ֶΣƿɲ
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֪ʼգһ˵ѰǵûбѹƣһֱλϷ磬ֲ֪ˡ
ۣ
һڿգ֣ѩͣһβһλ־ʿɨɣǱ飬е
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䣡
ӡ֣ӨӨӿˮ⣬չֳ֮գӲһλ־ʿ棬ұ⣬ѪȾء
ͬʱѰȭǰɱֲĵˮ֣к춯أ޼᲻֮š
飡
ﰧɡ
飡
籩ĺϣƺƵȭû߽⣬Ѫ
֮Ѱĺͬˣһǰδеǣ֮ƺǵأ޼᲻ݡ
֮ǿ˲ֹһ
Ƭ̣λ־ʿȫһ
Ѱ˳ȾͦӰգһɝƣ֮ɡ
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ʹĦѰڴȻ֮Уˮ̣֮
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仯ǧ޶ͣڣɰٴ֮ɲ̡֮

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ˮ֮⣬ˮ֮ϲͬһ̵ִ֪Ͷ죬Ƕһȫƿء
˵֮յֻǴ֮ۼô֮Ǵ֮ڣ
һ֮ȴ֮
˿̵Ѱͨ⣬֮УΪˮ֮֮󣬱ȫͬˡ


822 һ֮
֮֮;ڶ׶Σڵ֮ϡ
ִ˾߷õ֮УսС
һԣȻ־εĴʿҲֻһСֲܹ컯вĥ
ѰԶ쾳̣֮ȴܿˮ֮⣬Եúܶأͬһࡣ
Ϧգϼȼ
ѰӰһƽĺǰ
峺һ͸ľӣӳվһţɽ֮󣬽ͶӰں֮ϣϸš
ѰľҲֹˮƽͣȻȻظ֪ͶϤӲ֪֮
дԣʱ飬е۶˵Ψоᣬ̣
ˮ֮ľֳһã羲ˮմǧ
ѰϣȭƣϢﺳűİ
ûжΪȭУȴӯһӨ͸ˮ̣֮ˮƣӣȾһ˿̻Ϣԡ

ԶУƽĺһǱεȭǣ˹
Ƭ̺󣬺ˮӿˣףɸߵˮһˮȭǣţбںХ
ֱؼ䣬ǧˮӯããˮⱼǬһְ޾֮
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˿̵ѰͦӰˮƣһõĲʵУȻ
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ֻǺͬˮ֮Ľű䣬˷츲صȫɱ䣬֮ǿһ࣡
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ѰбӲԣ˺Ѻڰ˻һԲĶϡ
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ϹһѺҪôڱչز֮أҪôΪɽٳ׼Ѱ֮£޷붯ǡ
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Ѱɱζټĺ칷壬һ쾳궼κβˣ⻹㣿
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ȫǱСӸӵģԾСֻһɱġ
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ͨɫĮУϴηµĴ̫أ游飬ϣٸһνĻᣬѽ֮λᣬϳ͡
˶٣ٲץס˴λᣬ֮أ˵ҲӦġ
һɫףղţѾɳλ벽һڽԿժ´ͷ­
ͨϣ˰ɣ㲻Уֻǳˣֻʱֻ¾޷ˡ
һɫˡ
˴ɳ͹ͨλǰҪЭһɱѰʵϿɾ˼򵥣


823 ޼᲻
칷弫Ӵ鲼Żӵʮ֮ڣ侪ˡ
ӵСǧնͷεϵᣬҲ
˻ףɹȴڲľǺ֮пѪȡ
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侲ϴʧܵԭյóһֻۣҪϴǰ㱻Ӻơλ벽һչɱѰ֮أ
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ҹҵŤתǬЩ侮ʯĻ쵰ҲҵĽڣ
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ˣһͷ׵Ľɱֱ쾪״䣬ɱ֮Ű
ֳ׵𴸵һӰŮӣȴ쳣⺷ˣϱŴĿâԡ׵ʥ㡣
Χһ㣬ɫĮһյơ
ƹӶأоҡҷƮǧϸĻ𻨣һɫĻ泤Ƭ֡
񷸩ʢǧյɫĵƻ貶ҫۣȴǼˡ
ֽƵ󣬷ֹѰߡ
Χɱ֣ѰҲѹɫǰδе档
ǰҲɱ벽ߣֻȴǽ鹭ͱ֮
߱Ѫսɱһİ벽ߣǰЩӻɱ̫ϳ㡣
Ͱ벽Ӳ
죬ŲΪ쾳еļԲز֮ѰʼͰ벽߶Ծ
ңǹһλ벽ߵΧ
ѹȷܴս˿̣ѰһֱһֱѹĴУ˵ɱУͻΧԵЩѡ
Ǳ󤲽ںˮ֮֮˽һɱ䣬ܿѰش
ɲΣѰվǵסִѹ
ңڼսУѰڽĥ£ͼ֮ԪִСˮ֮ںϣԴȫµġ֮öҲʼһչֳڡ

֮رȻߣҲܹӵУϹʱڡ̫಻˼Ŀֲš
һЩϹŴߣ֮ʱȫնءǬֲޱߣ
ܶ𣬿ɱϾһǰΪѰͲе׷ӳ
һжڸı䣬ˮ֮⣬þԳõѰԶƿأҲʼòͬˡ
¡
ֳѪɫìգƿջɱƾ
һзӨõʥ󣬾ܱˣȴһɱл⡣
üЩš
벽һ֣ȴһʱ޷һ쾳ɱԵúܲ˼顣
ȥֻû˻ˣ
ֹλ벽ҲƽѰĿⶼòͬˡ
һ̥
٣ΪҲŶ쾳ѣȴܹλ벽Χ¼ֵڣֱҲûʲô
ŻĴһȻǺųƾ콾ĽɫǶرֻҲѰ쵽һ
ڣһȴˣ
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ɱ
ֳǳߴȣ˴ξôӴ򣬲ֹܵǣԺܻһев
¡
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ͬʱλ벽߽Ȼʶء
մչֳĿֲ̺ʵȫػɣһɳһľУ
ɱ
ǽԷݣѹ׵ֶΣһʱ֮䣬貣鱦ڿգƬضˡ
ֻǣ˿ѰâһȻһЦڻɱң
ˣ
УѰɫɢһɫգɽӡ
ڣȼգﵽǰԲ۷״̬Ԫڴ˿ȴѩ侲Ϳ
һּƣսʥ֮͡ŭڴ˿̺ȻתõѰһǿһء
㡭
ֳֻͫһ׶ݣжһû뵽ʱ꾹ͻȻ˾ơ
ৣ
ӨѩöĶӳͬбϣһƻɬصĵơ
ǿֲϢضȻ밧С
ɫһ䣬һãֵ

еǺӻ㱻˺ѳ롣
Ȼ۵һֻһͷ­ֱ׿ն𣬶ȥӦ
ǵ̫
ߵԪ񣬶ͬһʱ̱նɲǼΪϸǵĵֲ̫Ϳﲻ
һж̫죬˭Ҳû뵽һӵ˾֮
ʲô޼᲻ݣ
ˡ
벽߶Եֵ⧲֮޵֮£



824 ˣ
Ѱһ̫â磬һ㽫һλ벽Ĩɱڵ
Ѱɲǣ߶ţһܻһ쾳У
ϧ룬걻𣬳׷ﵱ
λ벽߽Ծгͬ޷ᷢһĻ
һ
ֱﲻƣﲻ޿ƥУ޼᲻ݣ
¡
Ʋձпһѷ죬ֱɢһɽǰɽֱӱĨƽȻ
һͷѰǰʱѰͨ巢⣬Ӳգ޷ֱӡ
ƵģһӨѩĶ꣬ɽӡ
ৣ
ûгɣսʥ֮ŭȫתһźĵƣݶУ̤ǰ塣
죡һ֣
ŭ𣬳Ѫɫìɱ
һ࣬ԡ׵ŮӰ˸һ׵𴸻Ӷָأ׺ǿᡣ
ವһһͬȣѪ⣬һļ׶ϢضѰϮ
ΧҲˡ
ˣ
޳ָһĵһյƵڿն绯¯кֲĽɫѰǡ
ɫ纣ٹӵо˵ķٻնյݣڿ
Ѫì
״
׶
ơ
챦ͷףкƬƥļսذɳʯĺ
һУλ벽ߵ쾡£ߣֻѱĨ
ֻǺ͸ղŲͬѰҲ񳹵ױһˣԺǿʢ
ӿգز֮磬ƺХ֮磬ޱȣַâ
ڻɬĵƷţӿֳħڵĿֱֲƿɱ
һߵųƾǿ;ѰԶսʥ֮ŭת˿ǰز
˵ҲѰһ˺ޱȫѪţսȼһ޾һУԺƾʮصľźǡ
飡
Ƭ̺һ׶飬ӷУֻܣֻӰȴͻأسһ˿ɬ
ǰ½ԲεĽãǰ޷԰벽߲á
ֻںˮ֮֮󣬰½Ҳɱ䣬һʩչʱ˶Էһֲ
½ֻöԷӰһ˿ɬȼҵɱУȴ
ۣ
û⣬ѰץסᣬһͽԷնϣѪ٣ڲҽбе
ճԣ벽ǺѱɱģǵԪԣƿصĴӳ֣Ԫ𣬾Ļᡣ
ɶеֲ̫ǾĻɬܹ˲ϢĨɱԪ
Ҳ˵лɱȻҲȲˣע޸֮ܡ
һλ벽߱ն
ѪȵһĻ̼ʣµλ벽ɫ䣬ŭ˼¡
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Ĳڣ޷ƽɫҲǱսԵؿ񱩺Ϳɲˡ
ֻǣһжԵͽ͡
Ѱ˿һĥУĥȫµ𽥽ͼ֮ԪִСˮ֮ںϣеҲһ
бˣƵģչ¶ķâ̫ҫۣ޷ӡ
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Ƕƣ
ѰʶһбȻƿصйأΪŻ˶еܣ
䣡
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ӰᣬϢȴ⺷ͰԵŮɷףӰĵˣзС
ڸе˾źͿֲë׵
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꣡
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ӻһɱĶŭĿԲգӰѪ꣬ŶѵĳìȻ׹ء
ˣ
һĺӿ֣ȫŮ׹ߣð
ಣ
ûаɣתӣ˷һ
ղŵһĻĻԵô˼ͲʵҲ̫ѪȺͿɲȰ벽߶е־Ͳ
޷;Ŀֲ̣ŻԵ֮;
ͬ޷һĨõĶǺεȼıܹӵ޼᲻ݣƥеơ
ֻ֪
ٲӣûлˣ
Ӣ㾹Ҷӣ󣬴ֳֽӵŭޱȵʧ
ӢŮҧԣӣ£ñȻˣΪβӣ
䣡
ӳȥǧ֮أӢ͵Զĵطֲ
Ȼתʶɢ˲ϢͲ׽ԶսڣɫĻ׷䣬أѤá
ֻǣȴûӵӰ
ˡ
ӢĿɬ룬޷λ벽һֻҪԸһ쾳ѣȴһ֡
ͬʱֲңӵĿ죬һΣֻҲҪ٣Ǿͺȫûûʲôˡ
ţ
Ӣ˸ʶ֪Уͦ꣬ңңԼߡ
Ӱͦ㣬Ʈ裬һͷڷĹվɫУӳĵӰһĨض˵ϣһϹʱ߳صħ
ǧ֮ңӢȴ·𿴼һԨѾңңԼо顣
ӣ
ӢܵȾһٳɣŤͷӡ
һλԺ칷İ벽ߣȴǧ֮ⱻųǴȥһȻ󲨲ɡ
ӵĿ졣
ɫУеѰջĿ⣬û׷죬ӰһͿʼɨս
Ƭ̣ĸﱦԼһյӽƮȻȥʧããҹɫС
սָƽֻǣؽ̺ǽ壬ѵĴأɽӣĲľɻҽ顭
һж·˵ŸղһԾǺεֲ֮;
һʱ䣬ҲӦϢˡ
Ͽ̲УüЩͲֻɫƽͳȡ
УٵȥҲͽʱ䣬ǿû̫ྫȺڴˡĮЩˡ
ߣǶ˳֣ѽСĨɱһֱȺڴˣͨҲߡ
ŭ֪ϼһûģͲÿԼܣ侮ʯԼ̧ͷ
ٵȵȡҲڣӲģɲϼһҶԼô
˼ˣüպȻһЦٶԣǵҲԸѹбƵ̫
ˣ
͵أԶһ͸ſɬȻ
ӢӰ֣ɷףͫдκͲʣЩҿе۾
ʱɫ䣬ǿĵľţôˣôֻһ˷أأ
ˡӢͷѵ³һ仰
֣ȴһõùлһ״
ˣ



825 ٷ
гʧء
ɫ粻ǻһ˿ƽ򶨡
λ벽߳ȴֻʣһλֻӻأλȫѣùи޷ܡ
ϴʧܣΪһͷǽ֣ôأ
Сѵ붯һλ
ܿ죬Ӣͽ֮ǰһսгұѰһ콾ǰ򵥡
սԼõطͱƿֲ죬޷Գ
Ȼ
е֪࣬һҪĸоо̫ˡ
һ쾳갡λ벽ߵΧ£ǵûбһٻȡʤ
Ǵȥ˭ֻţ
ԭ͹ͨкܿοЩֻ̬⿴ܴܡ
ɵ˹ӢѰսʵķɫҲȻ˸ݡ
ӣȻ̤۵;֮УңյطҲصޱȡ
ڣˣ޷ܹһ󾳽磬ȥɱ벽ߡ
ؼӦþõǼϣͨҲڣǵӿ˵â
۵ȻǡҲϲһͻɱһλ벽ߣ㣬˱ǡ
˵⣬͹ͨλ߽ƤһԼͬʥ
һк͹Ӣɫ䲻ѣ޷ƽ
ʥ
ĺ壬һҪϢĸо
ΪȱӵųĿֲܣУʥֻϢѹȵ̧ͷ
üҲһˣǿɱʥΪ
ͣΨϹʱܹüڵϣߣӵȱ
ʥֲȴΪһЩԭʥ
Ͼֻһͳĳƺָܹ֮ٿصر䡣
һЩӵв˼õʥͬ߱ܡ
һƲȱʥıһƾĶСӵҲ˿ֲ̤۵;Уػɣд컯
ͨȻƣһԹƺҹ
ҲʱǶˡ
һ࣬Ҳڡ
ߣ
λûһ˿ɣӰһƾʧ
ʼգʹеٲȻѵڽӡ
ȻȷѰд컯һѰĴڣѳɹǵȤ
ҪǣΪߣҲʥһּȵĿ

ɫһӱѿޱȣݶҧ顣
֪ϼһһ̿ʼûлᡰȴģעϳͣԼ
侮ʯĴͼ̤
һӣ̧ͷ
ôΪʲôΪʲô
ԽԽʣ˶һֱļʧǡ
ǰ㱯ۣȻϼһﶯ֣˭ܱ֤ǲʧ֣
ӢȻڣùһ
룬һϼһҲʧˣأҲֵܹͷϣϾ߶κβСӣο
ӢĻħԭɥޱȵĹжʱָһ˿侲
˵ϼһҲ飿ԥ
黹ûг֮ǰ˭޷֤
Ӣ˸ˣϴιԳ֣Ҳ
û˵꣬˼ѱ¶š
г侲ֻɸеǱǽˣ١
ΣλϹһ֣СĿܻĻ᣿
˵ҲǱһ̣оһֲԸѰͷ
Ϊ˱סԼеĵλȴ޷Լô룬ìܵ綾ҩ㣬ıĥ
ϣ˰ɡ
ãвһ̾ҹɫ£ɫ粻ԵЩɭȻˡ


ҹɫ£ɽڷɶǱеѰȻ㣬磬ٿȻԶ
ٲɱ㡣ѰһĨȡ
ϢŭϢŭ
ʱǺڰеɽ·شܳһӰͷ󺹵ҾٷȺڴˣֻһЩ顣
һߣӰݣڣһʵģ
ʵһλ־ʿһ¶Ѱʶϼһɲǰ㺩
ѰŶһЦЦҪʲô
ٷ
ֿʵ
ȴٷЦʹǰӣԶĺٲȻѳΪһܹעľ֮һЩӣ֪жٳǳ
ٷϻ̸¡Ѱϵ
ٷڨڨһЦʵܼ򵥣Է壬ֻ˽һЩͺ칷ĶԹңҲ˽һ£һ·ͺ칷֮ս
ѰһϼһһܵĽҰ⣬Ϊ˴̽Щ
ѰЩˣһ岻ǹŻϢͨȺһ̽Ϣܵı˭졣
Ѱû˼ϼһġʡֱӾܾתȥ
Ц׷ɱĿй¶ԼϢˡ
Ѱܾ˸ɾ䣬ٷʱɵֹۣῡܣһǷ̽ǵϢͲðԼƽȫ˵Ƿǵɢȥһﵹãһ㶼ϡǲ
оЩɰٷǲòþ˼ȥ̽ѰϢ
û취һʱʮݾУʢڡħ񡱴ս칷Ϣ
Ϣ䶯ֳķ粨Ҳֱ̫񻹶һ־˵ٶڴݾɢ
ϾһУħǵһ˽а칷һܣѪܵսֻ֤Ǵꡣ
һ䡰ºʹǳΪ۵Ļ⡣
߶֪ħ뿪ѩǺ󣬾˺칷ɳǿ׷ɱ
ҲЩ߽Կʼйע£׷ڴ⣬ħ˴ξ٣ǷɱһѪ·ﳤȥ
һֱԴϢΪεķ壬Ȼܺ£ɳ˴̽ȫĴ̽
ٷʸϵһλ̽ḻšͨ
ϧò׵ȵСӣƫƫСȴϡֻԼȥ̽ˡ
ٷ̾˿ͶӾѰ·Ѱٹȥûȥ׷Ѱ
ɵľ飬ֱѰһ·ȻѪս
ȻսͱȻսѰԸй¶ЩֻҪѰٵսѰٳսʵ
ȻûãðٷѰٵһƬصս
ֻǵսһɲϴʶľ飬һһ



826 
սǧ֮أɽӱعѣľҽĿǴǽ塣
Ϊһķ̽ӣٷһʱʶ˵ݾѪս
ߣС䲻Ըй¶ϢϷҲǳصģǰսйĴϢڣ
ٷ¶Цݣһ뵽ԼһϢľͽסһְ಻סļͿܡ
ৣ
ûгɣӰһʼսѲ̽
һ̵İٷԵרעһ˿һϵζ
ҵר߻սޡֲ
ɶǷԣʹϢӵеı죡
ܿ죬ٷͷһսֻǣŷֵԽԽ࣬ȴ޷ֵ侲ˡ
죡ڰ벽ߵĲͬϢζţλ벽һ֣
սǧ֮أɽر򱬣ȷһս֮ңһʱ䡭٣λ벽һ֣ȻûɱСӣҪ찡
ףĲƬѵѪɫì˺ѵĻľ޴кǡٵˣ
Բԣֻҵλ벽µĲʬǣӦ֤һλ벽ˡ
ҹɫ£һϼһһսбȥСУԵúܹͻ
ֻǣٷԼȴȻ˿ɫòıԽԽ⣬Ҫ޷Լ
ã㣬һЩʧ૵ҪǰһսϢȥǱΪӷ˲ɡģҲ̫˼ˣ
ֹãٷԻָһЩ侲ѾҪϢȥ
Ϊһְҵء
ֻǣδϢŻ˵أ
ٷ˼գһҧӻһƬӲȰҶӡ
ǻƽϢһƬһҶӣ֮ϡ٣ڷУҲֻһСܹӵС
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һ̣ͿʼʩչƽҶӲӲӷ⣬ʳĻʼһսеһЩϸڡ
ڰٷΨˣ֤ԼϢ鹹Ҳܹһ䲻˼ľѪս
һУٷֻӣ㽡
ѾܹԤеԼһϢȥעһɽХĴ䶯
һ쾳ħȴһӲλ칷İ벽ߣ̬֮ɱˣһˣ
⣬һľ콾У˭ܰ쵽
ţ
͵أȳеİٷ͵һðһɼµΣϢëȻ
ͿԶĵطλ۵ⲽն
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ٷֱð亹Ļֵ̿˼£Щϴһĥöޱȣһ۾ͿλԺ칷Ϲ
군
ٷһ뵽ԼҪϢܻԺ칷䲻ĸӰ죬һҪ˵ĸо
ߣЩĲӬֱ޿ײ룬ﶼǵټ
֮ϣͨߣըװ㣬ðٷ£һƨڵء
ֻǣ͵ٷΪԼҪ군ʱȴһĮڶ𡪡
ﱾһæ㲻ǹ
ٷһͷǰԸ
һϢ˵ڮҺ칷֮ˣص
˵գ͹ͨһⲽնȥɲǼʧӰ١
˻
ٷɫ䣬ǷζţλϹҪһȥɱħ
ֻһ̣Цüɫ裺찡Ϸ̫ˣܹ֤˴ϢϷԺγ޷ƽƣ
ԽԽǼͿܣͲ㵸ˡ
ʮ֣ٷȫ뿪Ұ֮⣬һǳС
Ҳڵ죬ٷһƬƽϢҶӣ˳һϵϢϡ
䣡
鷢ˣǧ޾ƵĳǳУÿһϢԲϸֳһƬӲӵҶӰ
һʱ֮䣬У߱Ŀá
ΪǶĻƽϢҶһ֣Ȼζżش鷢
ϢѾȥˣӵЦ·Ʊã
¼ʼٸ߰ٷϢһ̣̲סһЦ


ӥޣˮǡ
ϢǰͷܶƼʱһһ󾪺ÿ϶д𾪡
ٺУ߳аϢĿϣȴһֱֳһ粻ɫ
ãŷ߷߲ƽֹϵܰϵܣϸҵѣȴûң㾹Ȼǡħ񡯣
ֲ¶֮ɫ˶˵ҷٺޱߣǹˣǺһһȣëҿûôźͱ̬
ԶԽԽڸԵú׳ۡ
ٺˣɫȴǺرࡣ
ʶ巢һϢֱͱûʲôһӾͰѰƵ˷ͷ˼֮ϣ
һҪס۵ƻʱû룬עҪʧȥɫʡ
ٺૡ

ݣǡ
ƣ̬üĿһ֮ϣΪĿ
ֻǣûЩ˼ǰɽμӡ۵ƻᡱˡ
Ȼһ䶯ޱȵĻȻע⡣
ϢĻƽҶֳˣݴһѰħйأ
ʱͿ߳ȥݹ꣬ѤöĿԵü׳ۡ
Ѱ
òɣ
һƮȻ
ϢǰãҲ𵴲ݣþ޷ƽ
Ȼ
ֻ޷ǣţɽżһ꣬ӵƣ
ħ񡭡һħ񣡵ҹȻûпˣֻǣ⾪ϲɾδ̫һЩ
ипǧѽμ۵ƻ㣬ͿǷˡ

ݣǡ
֮أǣֱġʥǡΪǸϵͳ
Укųһͳ֮Ƶġի
һò۵ɫУһö߷˺£
ԦһԣһʹϢϣһƬƽҶӣӦмش鷢ˡ
ȥ
á
ûãɫͣϢǰ߳һȹӰԼŶɴŮӡ
ô
ĿϢҵһƬƽҶ۳ĹĻʱȹŮӴԼӰײ΢΢һ


827 Ŀ׷ɱ
˿ɫҲΪ졣
ͬϳħǵ׶СйԾꡣ
ֻȴû뵽ʱµʱ䣬Ѵ˳ǣ
ǰеġʥǡǧݾߵĿ
Ȼ۾ǳһƱ仯ип
ڿܹСʱ֪ע䣬ĺ
ֻǡ
ٶȵȷ̫һЩ
ħ񡭡Ǻǡħ񡭡ǺǡԱߣȹŮһƳʹޣƺܲ޵ЦȻЦö
ɫˡ
С˿̵ľ־͹ֵС̫һЩȻսС˽λõСҲǳסǡǸǻϡ
С㣬˲ðλ벽ߵΧңأɱһѪ·˲˼顣
ߣսµĺۼֻ֤쵰ƾһǿıʤģˣƾܺλ벽߿⣡
ȹŮߣΪȻ
˻ʲôΪһľȻһ۾ͿһսĹؼڡ
ͷСԼǣսвһЩٵ⣬ӦһʥεıΨˣǿɱλ벽ߡ
˶٣ԽԽ֤ӵǿ󣬲ֹΪӦһ˵ꡣ
ȹŮЩûһޱȵĻ쵰ֵ˰ޣħҿӦý޳ܲŶԣ
˵գתȥٶ࿴һۣͻƲסĵķŭƵġ
һΣԭ̽С㻯еĽ٣Ҹᣬɽڵĵͳ
Ͼ꣬Ǹϵͳ£ľӣȻǲˡ
ȻһС㣬Ϣ˵ڱ칷λϹ׷ɱ㿴
ʲô£˸ãȹŮͷҲأһɫ
һ̾ϧһƾꡭ
йעһ´£֪һУȹŮ
һ̲סʵС㣬˴βǷ񡭡
ܣȹŮҪ˵ʲôֱӴϣһҲѹ
ԣ΢΢һЦ֪СǲԸ걻칷ɱġ
㹻ˡ

ջݣīƳǡ
ӣ֮֮
Ϣǰѻ̫½Ÿɫأһâӿޱȡ
ͬһˣֹΪͬԻɱ벽ߵرԺˣԵԱԴ
һ࣬׿罣ɢһơ
ѩʱǾѰҲĿλɱЩ칷ǿߵġ
ҲʱѰϿɣͬһڣֻǣ̣Ѱӣȴ޶ټɵ
ڣǵ̬ȱˣΪֲֹĴɱħҲͬӵУ
ҿ棬һ½ļһӵۺĵֻ̣Ҫڴ˴׷ɱвһ죬һһĵף
½ŸзŴĿľâĻȼա
ħһлζӳ£ŷߺޡŭͲ
ͬ½磬һϵŷڣۼƺȴһѰȲ޷ܣ
߰ɣɽѾԶ£ǱԵִҿǺʶʶһξжš콾ʥӡʥŮһ֡
½Ÿ
½֣˵ħ˴Ƿٶ
׿ѯתԶȥ
ͨȣɣλһ֣ӵʥҲ졣
½Ÿڵ
׿̾˿ֻԵ뵽۵ƻˣʵЩϧ
Ѱ½磬ڹŻ޿ġ¼ҹˡܻ˾
Ͼ׷ɱĿǺ칷壬Ȼǹϵͳò˼ɺͺ칷ͻķգ
һ̸лоĪرò٣Щֻζ
ɫ΢䣬ʶѰԼġħԽԽˣ

һ죬ֹǷٺȹŮ½Ÿ衢׿лǹעѰϢ
ǧݾ硢ƵĳǳУҲ֪һС
ħ
һڻݵ꣬׽ҰУߣʶһֶһλƾ
Ȼо̾Ȼ𺧵ҲвмͲõ
ʲôħһ֪Ŀ꣬ҽºʹˣλ׷ɱ
ͽвͲ칷һ˿Եģǻòͷˡ
Űɣ˶ãͻᴫħѶŵĴۡ
һЩԺ칷ǿߣǷԣڮߣصѰһвľվ
һﾪǧˣӵѰ߽ԷŭЩڹ̫ˣвȫ
οѰɻû
ҲΪѰǣΪλ칷׷ɱֻҴ֮ϣ
˵ѰٲȻѾĹעǣ˲֪ߵġ
ڴʱ̣ΪһѰϢİٷվ˳һηһƽϢħȫעڵһʱй
ٷܵ⣬Ϊ̽ӣܹԼһϢ˴ķˣһǰδеͽС
ңҲ򷢲ѰϢͼνеĵλҲˮǴߣ˷ͷɧ˿ɼ
ϹʱһλǰԡϢ֮ĳƺţţڽ񳯣ҰٷҲԴΪĿ꣬ȡյϡϢ֮ı
ٷ־ɡ

ӿֵ÷зʱ򣬱׷ӵѰǱӡ
ϦѪ
ççȺɽУһұе⣬һţٶȿ쵽˲˼ĵز
󷽣ƿֲĺӰ׷һǧ֮أŲƵģٶͬ쵽˼¡
¡¡
ֱǵӰʧؼһƿ
ͼձѳһޱȵѷ죬ɢɽӶòڣݷе޽־Ȼ˺¡
֪׷ٶѾ쵽˺εȵز
ۣ
ڣѰ͵ؿȳһѪɫЩ԰ס
Щջһûеκʱ䣬óҺ޸ơ



828 
һѰɱλ벽ߣƮȻȥӮüƯʵҲ
ֻǣָͱ͹ͨλϹ׷ɱչ
۱߷˼£ʥҪĺ裬ȴһһ
һ·ϣƾۣѰܿ˲֪ٴɱ٣ԳƵǾһ
ܽӶݵڣѰȴܵشңбļ
ϹĿɲǾһʱ޷ɱѰÿһγ֣ȴѰ˺
к۽з֪ٴˡ
˿̣ѰѪ弡ֹѵļɷףأѪģҡ
ҲƾҺİֵڣأӵͱǮ
ৣ
ٶ죬ɶãã߿֮ϣѰƴһ˿и
ԣ񣬻ûôҹҪõ
䣡
ֲĲһν٣ݺѹ
Ѱܲźۼܣܵұ类ɽУĺ
ѰҿȳһѪǰڣѪͷ֪ٸֱӻʹȥ
๾࡫
ƿеĽҺ࣬һҧ㣬ȫԦۿ񱼣ٶȱ֮ղֿ˲١
׷ɱڣȥʮʱѰԼ֪ӳȥԶ
һȴԼҪֲס
ƴˣ
ѰŬԼѣٹ˼ƣȫתޡ
䣡
ڶһӵ̨ҵӿϢһࡣ
ֻϣѵļ籬ѪȴǱ
Ѱ˿ѹ˲Щٲı䣬ò˶ãͻ᳹ױ
ʱص˶֣Լ군ˡ

ƻõѰɢ֡


ţ
͵أͫһʶӦУͻȻʧȥ˺۵һټϢ޷
ƾһ
ô£
һ࣬ͨҲһݣЩֲ
ৣ
Ƭ̺λϹںʼʧУϸӦ
գȴһ
ǵɫ
ʼǾ׷ɱѰֱھû֣ܵǵҲЩҲס
Ϊڣ˵ɱһ쾳꣬ȥɱ벽ߣҲɱ׺ûʲô
ڣλһȴһʱ޷Ѱȥ˻οǣ
ԭǵȥɱѰԵúܲ棬Ҳŭգ޹⡣
Զ϶СӵеıȻʥ
ͨĿƣһḬ̃̾
ϱֻôһɱҽ֮컯Ϸ־ˡ
һɫɭȻ֮ǾҳټԲˣ
ಣ
λϹٶȳѰ

˿̵ѰȼңϢǿʢ״̬ȴˡ
ԭĴ㣬ڲˮ֮󣬾ͿʼΪƾ־׼
ͻأ׷ɱȴһаţ
ͨ
һӺѰ׼ֲסˣǿۣݿն£ӰĵǱһɽͨһɵǡ
ŬԼѣ޸ƣ׳
ʶȴûģһս̫ƣľ˵̣飬һ;ƿݵ״̬С
˯ϸֱоޣ
С桭
ȥ׸𡭡
Ҫȥ;
ϴķϣҲڵȴԼء
С
ѰૣһһԼ
֪Լһ˯ţܾѲˡ
ԣ˯
˯ΣԼ˿֮״̬ʱڸ޷ָ⣬Ϲò˶þͻ׷ƺע޷ıˡ

ţ
¹֪Ҿʹɿܻң
̩Ϻ֪ͷǷЦҰװǰ߱Ѫսһˣ
ǰ߱ѪսУҼ˻ŵ壬˿̡Է
οˣȥºʹ
ȥ
Σ
ѰǿŻľʹѪ͸һǰδеĺɫ
䣬ͨ
Ѱ˲ϻһЩضصƷ
«һϹĳλͷѪ̲ĳֵдС
ֻǶԴ˿̶ԣȴɲó
޲TǣѰӹŷлãϹµ޲T£ڲһصᱦͼ
ͬڴ˿ɲó
Һ˱׹ǣɶشѰԣֻ޸ã޷ǰһ׷ɱ
־Ƭ˴λ꺣ڣڻõӡϹʱһЩֻкͿ;۽硣
棿
У
ǻ׳棬սޣϹĶ֡
ֱ
С
鹭
С

Щ꣬ѰķѼ˲챦ֻһ̣ܹǰΣģ֮١
գѰעʶеġ֮ͨšϣ
ʥؾʱӭһبźľ׽١
ڶɽ֮󣬸ܵ˼ɲĵˣ֮·ϱ·Ⱥ׷ɱòһغ
ʱҲǴ֮ͨлõһѰڵĵ˽׻ָ
ҪǣѰǵãǰŷʱԼֱӱͨŻŲʱ뿪׵۹
ϴ뿪֮ͨʱһصԣ´δأҪյ
ǰ֮Σһԣ
գѰһҧҽ̬Ϣʶ֪֮ͨš
ˣ
ϤĳǰռУһֱƴչ֮С
ľͷһͨŻǣѾ²
ֻһڴˣѰȴûСʵΡĸп
һϤĻɬȻɨѰȫһĿն
ߣƴΪ񡯣Ƿڿʼأ
Ѱһʼɣ
ɰܾڴһ٣Ըһԡ
ϣСվϣǾ
ֻǡ
˹Ϊ񡱣ǷԪйأ
ˣԱһԪȵվҲС
ǰѰҲ˵УҲ޵߽б⣬ԪѿǷɶݣؼ䣬ֻǴ˷̫գв³
ɶǰѰԣȻ˷գҲܱȱɱܹܡ
ȻѰȻǣȴãؾǳٳٲʼ
ѵΪԼ̫أûʸдأ
Ѱü
ڴʱһֻ˵Ļȴʹ޹أѰ㶼ΪԼˣ


829 绪 ʮ
磬֮ǷѾˣ
쳹һ˿鲨ȴѰ㵣š
ûмǴǶԷһѯ
֤ǰĲ²ǶԵģһӦһӵǻ۵Ĵڣ
ûУҲѾˡѰʵʵ˵
ˡһĬ
տأƴֱչص֮ͨһжϤ
ɵһʼúͬõһУҲòͬˡ
ѰȻʶΪζԷҲڹע֮
ѵںܾ֮ǰԷѾ֪Ƭ»ڵӭһǰδеĴ֣
ѰԳһЦΣ֪һеԵΣ
Ҫȥһ
͵أһ˵ĻõѰһȥ
ѵ
Ѱ֮ʣƴͷٿȻһģʵӰԼ翣УΪвӲɰĹ꣬Ǳûʢ֮
ӹɣһŮӣ
ҰĴأȥȥͻء
翶УһƵĴԼӰٿȻ꣬ʧ
ȥȥͻأ
Ѱ𵴣ԴЩ£û뵽һνͨؾУᷢȱʡ
䣡
Ѱ˼⣬ǰҰȻһ䡣
δؿʼ

ĺɫ
̽ˣӵϢڴ˳֣
УֳӰǿݶĮϣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڼֲס𣿡
һ࣬ͨһĨɭȻһ쾳꣬ȴܹ׷ɱ£ֵڣҲȷѵˣҲվ˰ˣǿҲǿ
ץӣȲҪɱҪʬڴݳ֮⣬ʬգ߽Կһڵ壬³ô֮ң
赭дԴȴ˲
ɱӺֳķ粨𣬱صԴ˿̳ͷЧȡ
ͨΪȻ
̸֮ʣλϹӰһεɽ֮ǰϡ

˲䣬ǵĿŲƣڴɽײһɽλá
ѶǷһĨỡȡ
ְɡ
ͨЦЦľӿһĨ˵Ŀο
ܲӦãϾߣֻǻɱһ쾳꣬ӦеŶԣȴʵںܲӦá
ɴҲԿһ·׷ɱùͨǺε֮ƣҲҵйͷŵʱ
Ҳãסǧżɱ˴ӡһ䣬Ѱˣ޷йĻܵŭ
Ȼ
ͨȻһЦ
޼ɵ̸һȲʤȯļơ
ֻǣͨʱǵЦȴȻ̣ͫţǡ
ţ
ͬʱҲһܵһּµĲë׵
ͼɽײɽڣ֪ʱ߳һģʵӰԼ翡
ֻǣڹУһ
Ϲ֮ϣ䣬ڵ£ʥ˲Ϊ
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һλڣ
֮ϣһ貵зɹƮг뵣ֹϼ̻š
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ǣһָʮأʱⶼֻܸ׳Ƴơ
һԾĿֲ
ʲôվ֮ϣ
ˣ
͹ͨλϹڼߴˣԶԶؼʶһλʥ˵ķɡ
ǰһӰȣʥ˶ѷɫ֣޷֮ԣ
ͷƤ飬ɫ䡣
뵽ջʱ̣ͻȻȱʣ
˭
Ϊֳ
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䣡
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ֲ͸֮һ˲ϯ˷ɢ
һ̣ڣ룬粻֪ж߸еļºѹ֣һּĤݵĸо
֮ǰ˻һȲʤȯޱȵ̬򳹵׸е־壬ǿǵϹɴ˿ȴһСϵĲ̸ֻУ
ǶһҪתӵǿҳ嶯
ȻһԼӰƵʮϢԱѹƣõǾǲҰѽŲһ˿һ
·ˣһ£Ϊݣ
˿̣ǧݾУ֪жǿޱȵĴڱѣ˼ͬһ
ֻǣǵȴֻܸܵһԲڵѹ
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ȻǵʥˣҲ˰ɣ
ôᡭ֮٣һЩɰҪɣ
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˿̣ǵϢͨ죬¾ģԳ֮־
ʮѹ֣޾ĲһЩѰ֮Ϊ֣ߵףĤݣ
ֻˣֻǡŻȴٲϤĵطˡૣ޾Ȼһ̾ضΪ֮
£ǳϢ糱ˮ£ӰԼŮϡ
ʱԶߣȻ𾪺ѹѣղһ˲һʣǰĲʵ
һЩϹϹŶһжģ
Ĳ׷׽ݣΪʵڲ嫹Ľڣݷ˿ֲϢһףɸʮأ
վǲһˣ¸սʤһеУ޵֮˥
ЩϤģѲ棬֮·ԭһֱˣעҪ¶һС
ƺȻȻ
Ѱˣע᲻ţһնĮȻӵ֮в
Ҳգ꣬ڹ¼̤ãã;ִעһ
ϢŮǣԡ貵ĹԣӦγһҪĤݵĳȻơ
һתϣȻݺ޷ĿעӣҪ㡣
ͨͨ
͹ֱͨӹأӲͷƤڣҶ·˵أðڮ֮ǰˡһ
λ칷Ϲ߳ƶ꣬һ㣡
ڣȴ̻ɥ֮Ȯֱӹˣ
Ǳ˿ֻ¸޷š
ǣû뵽¹ȥ칷һӴ˿
ŮӷһпѱûвһּĮȻƽ
ֻҪԸ⣬κܹ֮
£һƵĹָӳû˹˵üġ
ʼգ˵ֿӦ
һ̣Ǿ͸оԼ䱻һϵ־ȡԺһҵĴʹ
ͬʱŮȻһУɺ޸顣
ĬƬ̣һ̾Ҳգ˶һԹֻϣһտƿš
ʱһɳǵĺϹͷǶʱʶ



830 ʥ˳
˶϶Թ
Ǻ⣿
͹֮ͨǰǱ𺳶ʧأ˿һƷζʱӦˡ
𺧣СӵϢʧɽ֮ڣλӵϵŮӣ֮ǰҲǴɽ߳
ҪΪСӳͷ
һ뵽⣬˶һּıƸУ뵽ֻ׷ɱһ쾳ѣǳһܣ
ǰᣡ
ͷ󺹣̿ġ
ৣ
ֱͨӾˣѿҲûãϾǿ׷ɱСһ·
£Ļлأ
ԣͨӵļϣƴȫӰһڹڣȻһͷаɳĺ칷ն飬һӵļơ
㡭ŭɵˣ޷󣬶ԷԼȥ
ŮӻһԣѤĿɫĮȻĿùͨߣɫҲǲ
ӵĺΣվһġ
УŮ̽һֻ޳Ө֣һ顣
Ȼ
ǧ֮⣬Կ񱼵ĹͨȴȻ֣Լںˣ
ԽӵĿ죬˵ľԽ죡

ͨûɳ־嵽˼£˻
Ȼǣڣ˿̾С֮ϣ͵ֿ
ֻԼˡˡ
ڹУ򿴵һ
ͨǰɳӴǲСֱϴСŮӵָ֮䣡
˻
ˣǺεϷţӵ˿ֲ˼
ϣ
һĻɲǱǻˣ

ȹӦͬܿƵرץס̲סֶ
һ̣ѡĻᣬǸһٸӣҲԲȥ׷ɱѰ
ϧѾˡ
գʱ䣬ʧλϹ
ŮģֻϰСĺڹͣȴ̫С
һĻʵ̫ģ
λ徳֮ϵߣȴݽ㱻ϰ޷Ůӵָ⣡
ǡƴ˵еϹطָǬ
һĻȥעҪ
ôȥ˴ôֶֻۣһͽƤҡ
ŮȻļУ֮ɷɽХǬǿӦġ
ŻģȻòͬˣ¸ûĲֹǴУʧ
Ůһָ̾ʵ⣬ٿȻֻƵĺڹĥһա
λ䣡
̫Ѱˣ񲻾ֻϣԵ̫ס
ֻء򷨽ԿգڣȴѲɼˡ
૰УŮһɽ𶯣Ʊãϼ籡
ү⻹𣿡
Զĵطһ̱ͨڵأ˫Ŀʧ
һȻһҪΪŻϢ֮İٷ
ֻǣ˿ȴħʧء
ҰУͼУڿգɻƣ俪·һϼ⻯磬һͻͲɱӵĴ֮ϡ
ŮӰⲽУһŮ۳У
ɲǣŮӰʧΨһƬƬ˸񷣬ƻá
źۣĴ˵Уйļأ
亹͸ȫʪܣɰٷ˲Щ𼱻ǵشӻһƬƽҶӡ
֮ǰڰн̣Ҫǰһм¼
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ѵѵһλһλŮʥˣ
ٷʧгǷ漮Уʥ죬£
ȻǻƽϢҶӣʥǰҲ޼£
£ҪͱĴ·ˡ
ٷвһǿҵֱ
Ȼûȷ֤ݣȴоλơŮʥϴڣܺħйأ
칷¿ߵһ壬ǷҪù
ٷһһֲĴη̬һҧʹҴ뿪
Ҫȥ̽λơŮʥж

һ죬𣬸߽ļ£жϢѹȣԤеֻд·
һЩϹӱչ߳һ̽Ϣ֮ǰҲ壬塣
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ʥڳ𣿡
죡
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ɼˣЩϹĲһּĤݵľη
ãŮһΡϵɽǰ֮ͣϣ¡
ɽۻ룬ڣϼУԡһֵɫʥ
ƬĹϽɢУͶɼҸأȻ쳾֮ϡ
ɽᣡ
һͳիϣ



831 ޹˲
ǰիˣ
һ·ϣвϹ׷棬һλơʥˡĴڽճΪʲô
Ǻ棬ֻǣӰɽǰЩϹ𺳣¡

Ҫʲô
ɽΡʥ뵣פеիߵ˿̽Ժëܵ˼ѹȣȻɫ䡣
ܿ죬իƽҲһŸ߲֡
ֻǵһ֮ϵĴԼӰʱҲǴ䣬޷ֵһס
Ƚ£ʱɽصĺɽУһϵĪ͸
澹Ҳˣ
ɲǼ䣬ի£𺧵Ըӵĵز
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ֻǣѾǧ²ˣȴּ⣬Ȼ֣ҲʶͻأһԼӰȻɲ
ܻᾪʥˣ
ŮǣȴƶһлȻһɨɽɫ両ֳһĨ˸С
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գһֻзߣӰͦСˣԭģҲӲӣٿ㣬ȻѰģ
Сϥʶʥ飬ׯϣͷ֮ϣǶбңնգͻͶ嫣Сӳĵһװ㣬ޱȡ
ˣħӰȻɢ١
ѰСڤҲԲںһԪʵּɱ䣬ɡԪ񡱶顱
飬Ԫ֮Ҳ
䣬ͨ飬ʵָӵСԪ֮顱Ĵʿ
ϾڷУԷݵأݷ֮޵ߣѺʹ˵еûʲô
ৣ
ͨؾУѰͬʱʶУߵԪ֮Ҳ
һ˲һܴѰĵȻԼδأһֶصɱ



835 ¹ɽҰ
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˵زѿǶαĺ࣬ңڤ֮£½ɣ
ԴߣҲֻ벽߾ʱܹԪ֮顣
ȻһҲֹֻڴˡ
һȥɷҡؼ䣬;Ҳֻڴֹ
ֻǣ߽ԲͬѰ񻹲̤־У۳Ԫ֮飬ӵϣǬͣ
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ѰǵãԼ֮ǰصŮ˵Ҫȥһȥȥͻء
ֻȴû뵽֮󣬾ʧǳǣɻ䱻Լ
ֱ仯ǰûйġ
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˲䣬Ѱ͸֪ǹоӡطֱǡ̻ľ͡Ԫ°벿
ֻѰûżȥȡУΪ֣صĴԼӰǣδȥ
лǰѰл
Ůǣԣƻã˲ʵĸо·һ̾ͻ𻯶ȥ
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䣬صƬްؼ䡣
Ѱͷ𶯣ζţԼһأƴľͷ
ͷͨŻ֮أҲŮ֮
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ǰҵӵкεΪһǰأѰһʵ
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翶䣬ȴѰ˼С
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ζţԼֻʣλˣ
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ʺѪɫ˺գͷųڵĿֲϢնҷ顣
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һӣЩǿ޺Ҳˣеޱȵľ壬ð⾿Ǻηʥڶɽ٣˾֮ף
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Զһ޺޵ͷƤ飬һ˭Ҳ̫̬˰ɣҪȥӭս



836 ִ
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ѰӰ⣬ӭϣ׽֮£ͦӰײϺɱŽĿҫ۵Ѫɫ׻
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ֻǣѰɫȴǰδеĳӰХΪȫתͷţϺɱͿ⡣
ԶԶȥ貵Ĺϼڷֱ紫˵е㣬һ־֮ɡ
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Ԫ֮ٿȻһ

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Ԫ֮ͷԣ籡ϼ⣬չƽ
ֻԪ֮类ǧĥ˷âһַ豹ĳ֮С
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ԶһԻһÿ˶о·ѰĿɨУеܶ
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ϪˮľʯԱֲķ˺֮С
һգ۹ԭľԭʼϵɽ֣ȫĨƬأ׻ڷŰ֮أ
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ڿա䡭
бơײ
һ֮󣬽ʵʣںˮ֮УѰܣȫƿغ
һĻ紫˵еݷʾ


837 
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ɫķХǧǬǣħ˻֮䡣
ѰƬһнﲻ棬նĨ㱻˺á
ػɣ˿߿Ȼ˲䱻ĨɱڵΪȽʵֲ̫
ء
ԽԽɲˣضɫķ糱ӿǵأĩ֮
ֱѰӰҲûУ޷Ѱٵ

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˿̣ѪᰳУ߽ԱԼͬڿնĿˢˢԶĻҰ֮⡣
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ֻǣǵûЩߣˣبź٣Ǻηʥģ
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ΰӰչ壬ȭ󺣣飬Ǭ
гâӳֳǳ䣬Ǭնյȵȿֲ
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䣡
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ԶԶȥ˼һλ˵е
꣡
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һߵ㶼Լ۾
ǵ֪У߶ɽ٣Լң޾գܽҴǾһѡ
ǰǶɽȴԵøǿƣһ֣ǰѸ˺ɨˣ
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Ϫˮ֮ϣһͷ¹ڻ׷¹
Ѱ΢ЦһУãָһ㣬һĨӡ¹ԺС
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ѰڼԶɽۣ¹һһ۵ףҲЩп
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ѰӰڳŵһɲע⵽ΧˣԼĿ΢΢һɫ졣
Ѱ̲סӣΪɻʲô
ֱѪᰳǣѰоһ·ϵע⵽ԼߣɫԶһ㶣ͫһȴвҿ϶ӡ
ңѰע⵽Լ󣬰ڸ棬һҪ̽Լϸļơ
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⾿ô£ΪǺϵԼ
Ѱǿеɻ󣬲ɫǰУֻǼӿٶȣգۣʧڴϢֵֽϡ
ûãһЩйءħѪᰳǡСϢֶߣʼڳӡ



838 ǰ
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Ů֣ƹ֮ʥ
ɽܾеĺ칷ǿȫһ⣬һУŮΪ

һп꣬ѰˣԭͨؾеŮӣ˵ǡȥߡʵ򣬾ɳ˶䶯ޱȵĴ£
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Сʱɴ۾ûûεشЦ
ѰһΣĬؾһɣֻɺܹ죬̫ϸ֦֮ϣһԴԵúˡ
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гһգ̤ʥʱһͨͨȫ԰ѴİȫתС
ҲãԺԱܿЩĿˡѰ


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841 벽

ѪŽ̫Уһܵش˾ŹȣһͷԵϡ
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ɲǼ䣬̫ɫһ䣬ǿķǰ˵ֹҪҪ죬ҿҲͣʵ


842 ƻ۴
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һӰХɽ֮䣬ٶޱȣһѩױڿգΪ䱣ݻ
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ߣɽ֮۵Ĵڣ󾳵ķ룬ٳڵľ뢼
ʥΪ
ѰΪֳԼĴ֡
һ־ʿ̤֮ͬ·Ԫ飬Ϊڶ쾳ʱز
һ֮ʵǿɱ벽Ȼȫ޾κͬߣ
Ѱ׷Բ֮;Ϊڴ̤֮߾еľۣȻܾʹˡ
̻ľ°벿İأȴţ˿ҪҪ̤һԼĵ;ΨˣͬŲͬΪľ
һ߸·ѰһʹĦ
ϴͨؾдأõĽֱǡ̻ľ͡Ԫ°벿
ֻǣ̻ľصģһİأ˵һ־͸
Ѱʶߵĵ;УôԼߵĵ;עʺȥ·ҪԼһ·
̹ŶݽԽΪ·֮
עһŽԲͬĵ;
νɽ˲ųɧ꣬ĵ;ֻǴУԼ̳Уȴؾɣˣͺ߹·ûʲô
ɾٴҲվ޷͹֮ʥһߵ͡
ǰδеһ֮٣עҲϹʱйһ
һжδ֪·ɿ̤紫˵翵ľ֮·
Ѱѷɱȣֱ̤־ʶڹ֮е;ֻ¶עҪ;߾Ե
ԣҪģһԼģǰδеĵ;
⣬ŽһŲͬԺϹʥԵĴ֮·
ȻһлԵЩ翣ǧ֮ʼ£ֻҪִг֮ա


ҰУѰգ֮磬ٿȻնǧɽ
ֻǣһжž
ֱӰ뿪ãһɽǴмϿ¡¡
ÿһɽԶ˿ƽ룬类ϲ֮Ĩƽһһĵ
ſն
Ԫ°벿еĵһУ󣬿նǬɽһ˲񲻾
ѰѾġԪʵӦýԪն
նֱΪǡ¡ſա޳
ÿһնӵо춯֮Ī⣬ֲޱߣ˸ŽϾѧ
ǰѰֻԪϰ벿޷ⲿеİء
ȫͬ
ĵȫµİ̺кѰľѣҲʶͨؾĲ
ΪⲿУǼ̳ͨؾС
Ѱԣֻǿſնİأն޳ն̫ɬ£һʱݲȫ塣
ͲòѰ̾ˡ
·;УѰҲûţԪ֮ʶרն޳նİء
㣬ڣԽնİȫ͸


ѰããɽҰ߳
ԭ罣ɢâǧĽ棬ɫĹԡ
ֻһ߳Ϣʼһ糱ˮ£գеķâȫڡ
ٿȥһϮ°ɫڷⴹϣϢƽֹˮֳָ֮ϡ
ĥѰڳ͹磬Ϊһ
ѿշĵƿÿһͽأм׶ƽ
Ƴǣ
ԶԶأһ޴ĳǳӳҰУֵϼ𣬽ǳضһĽɫ
˳ǣ͵ڽݾˣ۵ƻῪʼңҲ֪Уж콾֮ѻ۸
Ѱһ뵽⣬Ͳɱǧõڵ˼ֵķٺ
ҲǴбΪһիʥŮԼ糤ľա
𻯽ڵ洫֮һ׿лõˣͻѻ̫½Ÿ裬ѵִݾˡ
޼ɡʥŮһҲ֪ûС
Ѱһ뵽⣬оһĨ
ɲǣһε֮棬ӺʯԴǵġ
ৣ
ûжѰӰһѳԶƳȥ
Ϣݲһ콾延洫ӵһ£Ѿִɽǰ³ǣ
ͳƣʱգǧݾڵ콾Ѿִϣ
СϢݴ˴۵ƻᣬܻԶʤɫ룡
һƳǣĽֵϣ۵ľ¥Уۺͽ̸۵ƻϢ
ǻޱȵĳ棬ѰԾòп۵ƻӰȻһĴ
ߵУܿһЩߡ
٣ħѪᰳǣҲ֪Ǽ١
ѰɫЩǣЩ׷У
ǺǣҸǣħ񾿾Ҳμ۵ƻᣬ񣬿ɲֹ޼ɡЩһЩ콾ɶħҪ۵ƻϣħһ
Ҳ˵ˣԭڣħ֮ǰֳķͷ̫ڸ콾Ȼ˺ܲ˵ںܶͳΪħпʵ˵ǰ
Σħ϶дֿɿ
ѰЩۣɫˡ
ػɣһ۵ıǷзЩڱɿ
ϾֳĶҲ̫ˣٲȻ˰Լ˰һ


843 ŵ
ѰƳǶ˰գǰ³ǡ
³λڴݸأһϵĳǳأϹʱ³ǾѴڡ
³缫Ϊÿͻٰһε۵ƻַλ³Ĳɽϡ

պ³⣬Ѱ𱦴ӰƮȻ˳С
ʦ𣬼Ȼɽڳ⣬ΪǲһʱϹȥҪ˳ǵȺ򣿡
Ǻǣһβμ۵ƻᣬȻףɽϹʱҲһɽڴ˿ٵڵҵνһ񼣸֮ء
ɽȻڿȥʱҲ̤ϡ
ԭˡ
³Уˮ쳹Ľ̸
ֺϵĳǳأ˴һķ֮أ˿Ҳ֪ޱȡ
۵ƻἴʼʱԽԽ³ҲΪĿĵط
ÿ첻֪жǿߴ˷ϵͳĴˡƾõӵܡȺĺ顭Է
ȻֵģϾ۵ƻɲ˭ܹеġ
ѰУһ˲ѣоһĨȻ
öǿߣ
Ӵ֪£ͼǽֵȺУϢǿ֮еۼƺͷɣѷɫѰһЩ콾֮
һЩϹӰҲУĳһͳĳϣĳһеĴ
ߣԸŮ
һЩϢ׿½ŸȵȻϢ˵³ǣٲȻѾΪһ콾֮ء
Ѱп
ŸսУڽϼ˶࿡ܣ֪˴۵ƻᣬжٵķǰ
׿½Ÿȶ콾ֻǧУҲֻȶ
ɼˣҲ㹻ˡ
Ͼ׿ǹϵͳ𻯽ڵ洫֮һЩϵͳУҲֻôһСֶѡ
ѰȺ봦ȥ
ǧݾƵĳǳУϢУ³ȻҲ⡣
۵ƻῪʼʱֻʣ²죬Ƿͳƣ³Уǧλط콾
ңֻԾ˵ٶӣȷ۵ƻʽʼʱעݡԡĿ棡
ʷ֮٣ȹؼʱ̣˴۵ƻҲǱ÷ͬѰվһλ콾ܹӱһժõƻһͷΣĿԴ

ϢǰӰͷܶϢҶһ·Ϣ
ѰǣϢʩչ˴ѷ˷츲صı仯Ҳݱϳ
ѰѾ֪ڲɽϣһ꼫ͨͭɣԾϣ߿졣
ϹӴǨ棬𺳵ĹϹ
ǣÿ꣬ǹͺͺ֦ϣͻһͭ٣ÿһţһͭƵģ֦ͷƮǧͷѤõ꣬񷶼ʥޱȡ
һͭŵƻ
һ϶ʥͭ˳ŵ
νÿһεġ۵ƻᡱͽһŵĻ
ڹŵƻû֮ǰʥͰ㣬䡣
ȻǰִɽҲ޷Ѱټ
۵ƻᡱ֮ܵעֻ۵ǰ򵥣ؼڡƻᡱϡ
ǡŵУоԵΨ׿콾֮лܹã
ţիƽĽѩʱ۵ƻ϶һ컯;ҡϣ˲ʮ
µǣĽѩΪе۷񻰣ϵͳΪò˶꣬ƳŽ٣֤ʥ֮;Ϊիһλʥˣ
Ľѩ㣬۵ƻϻȡԵӣǲ٣Լ;һȫµ컯ɱ䡣
Ҳǡ۵ƻᡱ޵ߵĵط۵оȡ컯κһλ߽顣
ܹ۵ƻģҲΨһ콾ʸȻǹŵ֣Ҳ޷ȥ
ÿ
أϢһըװ㣬һЩ߻һ£ڵء
ͼԶһߣΡ룬Ϣ⺷ľ޺ȰĴֺݺһȺʱֿ
һЩ߶Ʒأ׼ƿڴɵǾ޺ģʱʱɫ䣬
ɷħǿߣ߾
ʱ߽ɫ䣬ɷħǵطɲһ㣬̹ϵϹźܾС
⺣壬ɷħеһ
Ǿ޺һԵüᣬתõһλãԵǫ֮
ҲڴʱǲſǾ޺󷽣һŮ
Ϊ׵һۣ˰أһͷεӣһ³Уޱȡ
Ůǹ°ӵϢ
⡭Ǻ嵱ʥӣΪɷħʮ콾֮һɳ
һЩߴ󾪣ɫɵ;η
壬ɲΪ嵱ʥӵɳһҲƵӺա
Ŵӵл۸ǴеصϹŷطͨʵɲ⡣
ɳһɫһ˿еưûܵļɵηĿ⣬ֱϢǰ
ôûħϢ
Ƭ̺ɳüҴ˴ǰ³ǵ·ϣ˵˲ٹڴ˵¼˻ᣬһǷ紫ǰȴڻû
аԾλʥӣɷħʮ콾֮һȻҲҪԸħ
Ϊʲô˵ҲҪ
򵥣ڵ³У콾ƼŻۣ˿ɶħҪ۵ƻῪʼʱ򣬸ħһ
Ѳʲô£ǰЩ춼Ѵˡ
񣬿кܶҲڵȴǱħ񣬴˴ξǷμ۵ƻᡣ
ȺУѰɫʹްٷϰˣҪǰһֱعԼ¼ĿԼᱻô˸ϣ
񵹺ˣһЩʶʶģȫһҪԼļƣѰͷһ
Ȼη壬ֻǸо鷳
ν³׳˲ϲۣ
ڿʼ˭ܹһʱ䷢ħ³ǵǰͣ
ɳɫ°һĨ˵ǿζȻȻħֻҪԼʵңԲ̫ܵѿ
˵գתһŮ뿪˴˵ء
Уһ߽ԵɳҪѧ޼ɡһ֮棬ȥѹħ
ѰҲЩˣô˭ԼӺˣ



844 
ûԵ޹ʵĵӡ
Ѱɳ޼ɡûʲô޷ԼΪʯҪԼλԴˡ
ţ
Ѱת뿪ϢʱͿһϤӰʱüëһǷһĨȣδ갡
һ͵ߣ۾ģ˿𼱻ǵشյɳǰеɳӣԷ壬ܷڴ˿̸һЩħ⣿
ԭסȥ·ɳЩãɵħ֣ʱ㣬б˰ٷһֵۣͷʲôҪʵģ˵ɣħҿûʲôüɻġ
ԴǺǿƺֱӡ
ɷħľ콾ɳ֮ɣұ벻Ѱ
ٷϰһȻȴ޳ܵһƨʵɳӣ֪ܷһʣħĿ͸йۣ
ɳԥ޷һ֮ˣϹĴţҿ棬ֻԶﴫ֮ԣҳ֣ҶҴϸѣ£
ԴǵĮϣޱȣֱӾͰѰΪˡ
ðĿһеѰҲЦһ￴ҪԼȥˡ
ٷܿܣǵһϢ
ֱɳһȥٷأԻԺĥþϢ³һ䶯
ɳҲǸħλ쿪
ŸͷϾǾ콾֮ײԿ˹ע
Էѣʱһģӵ꿿
ٷĲɵصͷզأСһ
ͷܾسܿ˿ѹħ
˵꣬ٷ۾͵һȷ
겻õ㲻ţҰϢ˾ˡ
˵գתҪߣȴٷæסһǸȻС磬Ҳǲ㣬Ǵ¸ϵشƭңǺɾͺء
أԷ߷ߵҿԴȥҵ㱨ȡ
ٷˣʱд󶨣ʶӦû˵ѡ
ܺóһݸ꣺һٿƷ裬ħЩˣ
кЦЦ
ٷæϡ
ֻһյʱ󣬰ٷȴоЩԾһ·ڳд߹հ˹յأԽԽƫƧˡ
˵С磬ϢǲҲ̫ƫƧ˰ɡɵ
ܣҿ˵ħȻ˶ĵط϶òصЩڵ
ٷٺһЦкʲ٣С磬ͲˣԽԽֳħĲνľ֣شֵ֮ԽףħʱŻԽ˵Ŀ⡭
Խ˵Խĭɣһ£ħ֣콾棬ǵȳǺεȾʣػɣԿĺ䶯
ȻҲһʱϢͳȥʱҲԽ˻ᣬųһͷ
겻Ϊ˳ͷ
ٷָС磬һͲʱħһ·նעǻһõɢģһ͵ģҫɲ˭ܹӵеģ
Ŷһʣħұĳλô죿
ٷЦһӳⷽ٣ָ㽭ɽļƣ㰡̫ˣħˣҺθɣֻǸ𴫲Ϣˣ˿ɲħʧܣͷˣʱȥھһħһĺӣͷƾˡ
˼ô˵ħɰܣ㶼޺˰
ٷ΢΢һЦ͵ӿɽҲ
ɽүڴʱȻֹһƾڰٷϡ
ž
ٷһ򣬲ǰֱðǣû£еģСôˣ
û䣬ͱ갴ڵϣžһٱᣬȭȭ⣬ðٷɱĲҽС
ɱɱ
ٷףͷɢؼС
УҵҪƫƧĵط˭㣡
Цٷǿݵһٱᡣ
֪ˣҲˣٷͷڵϰġ
ղŵڣһ˳ᢣָ㽭ɽļƣȴƤƵģģǰ󷴲ܴԵúû
ҲԣӽԺֹ֣ͣ̽ɢħϢ̷ߡ
֣
ϵģȲⱩ£ٷӦȴǺܼңȻܣҷΪϢˣֱɱң
浱Ҳɱ㣿üɱ䡣
ٷߣȻɱҲûãһңиͬվν㣬ӢҵصᱻǺʹ˵ǧţΪ廳
һϰȻһ⣡
վл㡣
ûϼһղ˵ĴȻʵµҪһֱԼȲ֡
㲻ɱˣٷʡ
ɱ㣬ˣ̵
ٷڨڨŻʹվҪ˵ʲôɵģʱʱɴ۾һģǡ
죬һ߸ߣʧħ񣿡
ѰֻǴʱָԼԭȵģˡ
ô㲻Ҫҳˣôе㲻ӭҰѰЦ
ٷɵۣ׵վǣģܿһ̸һַҵ±֮С
뵽ղֻԴޣû룬
̫ˣ
ٷ޲óԼһ͡
㣬ǧõڵĴִ³ǣѰʵϰٷĿġ
Ͼһμ۵ƻƣҪУȻˣȻüԷһ档
Ҫ̽䣬ҷû

ٷһ㶣˼Ƭ̣ʮǰѾ³ˣ콾ֻڻݳۣĻɾЩˡ
ϰ鳵Ϣȷֻͨȴܼûһѡ
֪Ѱʡ
󣡡
ٷλشĺԥӵв۵ƻʸ콾Իǰ̻ˣҲЩ콾֮ǰнȿԸ֣Ҳѵ֪ʵԴʱƣ۵ƻῪʼʱǰзﲻõˡ
ѰжʱȻתҪȥȴٷæ׷ŨŨ֮ɫֹӣӦǸյִ³ǰɣΪ˱ǽ֮ģΪ·ɺã



845 ֪ңΩ
ʲôдϣ
ٷ˿̵ľֹˡ
Ѱһղǰϼһݺݱһ٣ûһתۣһһ㶼ƽϣˡ
¯ͺ޳ܵɣѰһ־Ϊ˵̾С
㻹ģѰʡ
ٷֹ֣ǧᣬ˸񵣱Բй¶³ǵϢ
˸
Ѱģϰ鳻̸˸
ٷƤܺ񣬺ٺЦʵֻҪȷμ۵ƻ㹻ˣϾ콾ۣ۵ʢᣬӵеľɣҲΪ֪
ٳ㣬Ŀô֣֮Ѱ˵ţг嶯ˡ
ȴٷпֹӣǴ棬Ҫһ콾ӱĿܲһЩƣﵽȵزľȻǲ£콾֮ҲΪ֣ץסͻὫڽ£Դ˲ȡ
ѰŶһЩ⣬ٷ˻Ǻ޼
ٵı£¸һĽӽƺͷҪڴ֮;Ͼȡ̤۵컯
£ͶԿɱͶţעǲɱġ
ͺñǧɶľţ˭ܵһɱΧӱ˭ܶȡ컯


λ³룬аɣͨͣԡһλðѤõĹ
Ƶ³һʤżϹʱһλʥ·˵أڸ¥֮ݹŽ˥֮£ǰһ˸ŵʥԡ
֪ңΩ
Ȱ֣һֻͻĴǣУʷԻһۣ
ʥ˷ɡ
Ҳ˰ʥԶΪ޵еһŵأ֪жǿǰհ
ÿ۵ƻἴ٣ͳһذĴڡ
Ψӵвμ۵ʸ콾ܹ֮ϣǿǲҿġ
ǲĵĹء
Ҳ߲Ϊ˹֮ʥ֮ż˭ʸС
ɻûǿͱһЩ콾֮ѹǱˣö֮ؾϮ
봺һξ룬ͼǿĽֵϣޱڣչᣬޱȣɴ˿̶䵱ˡ
ֵߣ޲׷ױܿҵ
Ϊܹʹȿֲߣͷһһ󣬱˵ǣñһ־η
ԹԣǿһͷޣǴ˵еͨɫ棬ϼϢ
ֵϣʱ𾪺
ഫ˹ϵͳ۵Ļޣӵ벽˵ǶϵŮȻе콾֮ˣ
ˣ϶۵洫һ彣ˣҲֻȾ콾ʸ񱻱໤
ѰͰٷԶʱǡҲһĻҲпЩԹϵͳĴˣеͷһһﶼǰ벽ġ
Щ죬ƻ³ǣⴺ󣬸Ŀĺ֮أ콾Իڴˡ
ٷһԽͣҲˣ߽ԱҪһòͬ콾ķɣõô󸽽УҲٲȻΪ𱬵ĵط
ԭˡ˵ʱѰ˰ٷһѣ·ߡ
ʱɢһɿֲĲһͷʮɳɽͣޣƥݺն
һЩֱӱƷɳȥˤ˸߻ء
ȸ̫ѪͳݣǿϢҲֻһ֮ңˣ
һ󾪺
ߵĿˢˢȸϣһȺӰŮ
޹ˣһɲٷҲ¶ݡ
ͣѰ֪޹ҲһϵͳֻλһСػʽ硱СؾС
磬ǧݾ֮⣬С磬ػʽмһ
հٷ˵޹ĵͳ֮ƾãȫ׷ݵϹʱ̹ޱȡ
ֻǣ˵ͳĴѾǧ²Уȴû룬ʱ䣡
ӹɣ޹ˣҲΪ˴۵ƻ
Żȷ̫ˡ
ѰҲһпԽ˽⣬ԽֹŻغ͹ŽֻѣŽĵؽ磬ԼδŵСλ档
֪ӵĴ֮ĹŻǺε֮嫣
䣡
͵أִ𶯣ҡβһĺǬ
Զһͷԡâеľ޴ʨ֣Ʈ裬âųĿɫ׵硣
죬ʨϹְ˵
Ǵǿˣ
ǰʨϣһԼԿһЩӰ̾УŮƲ
壬ǰĴ壬к̺֮ıѪ츳ݣսֲҲ²ⲻǰμ۵ƻģȻǴһšС׺ŵǧ
ٷһԴǺܿ϶˽С׺Ϣһλս츳¡
ѰһʱЩԣ⻹·ϣͼôҫޱȵǿɫ˭ֻ¶ƽˡ
һ·ǰ;ԽԽ࣬ȫֲ߽Ĳѡ
ѰԵúֻۣܲһϰ鳣ݶûУȻҲʲôע
ֹӣĵλȴԵ̫͵ˣɲãֵ͵ױӺͿġٷп
ѰǷ岻һҪҪչ¶ҷһ̣Ҳߵһѡ
ٷɫһͣæתƻ⣬ħ쿪Ϲͷһ̣߿Ƕɡ
ȻѰһɫ΢ԶֵϣһϤӰ
һŮ񾲣㷢ںڣ촽Ө󣬼徧Ө֬ƴӻ߳Ƶģʳ˼̻
Ϭ
Ȼ
ѰЩƽ
׶ʱһͷƽͷһĪĳն
ʱѰԼǳڣһϤӰϧ̫Զղҽп϶
ڣ³ٶȼԷѰһӾ͸ȷȻǰϬɣ
Ȼڴ׵۹Ż֮󣬰Ϭ磬˹ϵͳС
Ѱԭǰкȴע⵽ϬߣһЩŮһȻǳĴˡ
ѰЩԥ
ֹӣòǿС˰ɣǾͷſȥ׷˲꣡
Աߣٷ۾ٺٵЦϾ
Ѱһƾͳĺϣʹѡ
ڴʱԶϬƲʲôһٿȻ˹Ѱʱ΢΢һͳ
Ѱ⣬ڿʩչ˴ıϢģɲ˭ܹϳġ


846 ָɣ
ŮһϮ£˿ٲ£ϸ֫䣬ճһĨ޳Ķߡ
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⡭ڣһϮɫ멵ϼɴ۾һŵģ
ЩҲˣɫ粻Դ¡
ڸղţǻڳŪͼЦѰΪͽ꣬˺
һգۼ䣬һжˣ
ĵħ񣬾ڤ֮£λս񣬱ֳԶͬǿս
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ʱڴǰһϮʤѩµİϬͷҲأ³ĸ֣С֡
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ӵһμѰʱϬ˵ȼʶѰֶֻΣǧС֡
ֻǣǸΪȻΪܿЦǿɶǳˣĻ˲
ڣŷԼΪ˿Ц֮ˡ
ЩҲס˲ӬƵܣ޷ȥ粵ɫһʱúܾʡ
Ϭüǣ˿ϵսˣע⵽

䣡
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ɳս֮ǿѵõһĹϣΪ콾ʩչǾͨɱħӲлζţħʵɳҪʤһ
ڳ콾ľ
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ЩĴˣһĿɿڴӣоһ̵ѰŶʦֵķɣ
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ֹǣϬɣʵ˿һ԰Ҳһ£Ĳǰƽ
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һʩչ¹񷣬ԽǬɱħֲ֮
ң֮һϹ챦ƹ⵶֮ܶѶá
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ӹɣʶѰɳһĻҲ𶯣ʶһ̶ɱС
Ѱ޾壬ϵһһѩꪣͬɱ˳ȥ
ɱɳ³֮󣬴жõһ

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ɲǼѣѽٴΣâܣãã貣ҪѰû
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꣡
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ΪڴꪱͬʱѰüļ䣬ȻһӨѩĵâٿȻէ֡
һ˲һĨϹŵ⣬ب³Ӷһ־ŵĹԵ̫ʵ
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ΨһЩע⵽ѰӳһĨâһͽش
Ҳֻǲ׽棬û̽һ̺Ŀֲء

ϣ˵˰֮⣬һѪܵ˺۴λãֱ쵽ҲูѪˮһ㣬ͽƶǣ
죡һĻڳͷƤ飬ûǣ٣
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𺳵ʱѰûͣǰҪô˻ᣬһٻɱ
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ѾܹˣȻѾ֣ǾҪɱףΨˣɱӺЩӺļһһ壡
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㾽ȵն񾳵ء
ѰĶң
ؼһ̣ɳǳ֮ǰѪɫȭһ˺գѰɱȥ

Ѱżɱʱ͵ؽȫת۷弫ޣ͵طһκ
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κȷԵƥһ꣬Զش⧲֮£ֱʹը
Уͷɢһ̸Ť
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Щ콾֮ɫһ䣬ʶ᧿Σ٣
ֻǣؼʱ̣Ȼ䷢
ͼһǹӰͻȻг֣ǰһƻӳ
飡
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Ѱüͷһ壬ɫЩ
ʱ̣ƻɱһѰҲŭ
̧ۿȥͼһϮۣ׿ƥɫ䣬һͫУֳƽɵƷţޱȡ
ۣϷͫŽɫţһԵ꼫غͲ
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ȳʽɺעĿҲӳĵ֮ͷһӾ͸ǹɳ
磬ɣ޼һ֣а߸п
ڳЩ콾֮ɫа裬Ļῴ޼ɷѵִһֱڰУ͵ʱųأ
Ϊô
̫ˣ
һѹɳķͷԴӳĲ
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һЩüǿû뵽޼ɻڰվƣԵúܿ¡
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ԴƽȴָѵζǸ߸ϵ̬糤ѵһ
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ͷ
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Щ콾֮ɫù죬˵ʵеҲͬѰĻֻǱϣǿɲ¶
Ϭʦãλѿ湻ģҶҪ̲סҪˡһ˸п
䲻ڣɫҲЩӣĿ˸ղһսҲ֤Ѱǿƴܾ콾ġ
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޼ɵԴǣģˡ
ħħԭǷõ̬ȵģҲ˳ЩһǾֻܰȾøߴһЩˣԺ㼴֪϶Ҳҵ顭
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һ£ħճ֣ǿƻɱ嶥ǿɳ³֮䣬ѹһ콾ƴ
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Դƽɵʮ㣬һ־š
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֮ǰħܣЩҲסѻ޼ɴ˿ȴͷһļƣҲų
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ͬʱҲһ£ӻǸ̥ȵ׶ʱ֪ǿ˶٣


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ƨеվһսѰܲαĶ֡
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ˣĪҪиɸ֮¡
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˵ţζؿһѰ
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ԭܼ򵥣ⰵУŲ֪ٵĴڹעȻԼɱ֮¡
ȴ޼΢΢һЦǰ˵Ĳ֮ǰ˵ֻǿϧЩȴסϴС˿Ц
ֳѰֱӵס˵Ļ۵ƻῪʼʱն㣡
޼ɹЦǾͿǷˣ

һսĻѰûн봺ֱӺͰٷһ뿪ˡ
ɱ嶯Ҫ۵ƻῪʼ֮ǰϸ˽һ¹ڴ˴ʢ顣
ħ鴫
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һ½ǰ꣬ӵ緶ʣһУ˭һԺ˭˵ħͽǿɲŽ֪
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ԵúܲףҲЩϵͳ˿ɱȵġ
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˵ħʵﵽ˺εȵزҲ̫̬ˣ
˷


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콾֮Ҳиߵ֣֮˿̵Ĵڵһ̾콾֮ԶԶ޷͸ھŲϵľ콾ȵġ
ǲࡣ
ٸ򵥵ӣڻУҲһҫ۵ķ֮
ڵִﴺ֮ȴֻڵһУɳ³һӽɫҽ̸;콾֮Ĳࡣ
ֹغʵеλݵĲͬ
ͺñȰϬһˣ仹̸Ǿ콾ǳ糤
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ߣǿΣɳ޼Щ۵ƻῪʼʱصǰδеĴ˵׼ܾʹ٣
Ҳ콾кܲ
һֱѰΪ˵֮֮ͽѰֵԽҫۣоԽǱơ
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Խ̸֮ʣȻЦЩһģҲֻ﷢ɧˣȥħֻ»̾ˡ
˭
ʱ콾ɫһĿ볯ĵطȥ
һУһϮɫɮۣųǣһݲˮ
üʣͷ࣬տȻǣӿŻ۹⣬һһ޳޹ϡ
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Ͼ콾֮Ц֪λĸɲĴˣô˵֮һ㶼ûг˵ķȣ
΢΢һЦһ裬һƷƣһڵ˲ڿʲô˵ʲôλȥħһԣǲˣˡ
ɫԺпƽͣϬ֮
ν˲˲Ҷ̣ɺȻкó˰̣˽ԺųͷС
ֻǣǿڣͼ۽ྻţһѩƵģ˳Ⱦ
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̾һЩɺȥ
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콾
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Ҳ糤һڴˣԼһЩʮˡ
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λǿ˵콾񣿡˿ڣƳĬ
˽ҡͷҲͷһ˵¡
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λǷ񿴳ղλԷŵѣǺηʥ˼ʵ
һʱ֮䣬ֳĬˣУڷڵǿɲ˵һУʱһеӵܡ
Ҳ²ⲻʥ֮شµĴˡ
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ʱһھ

һͳիĵʥŮΪһ˾̾ҫͷΡ
ѰУֱʹ˵еҲûʲô𣬵λȻ
һھ֮ӭҲǼɵ;ηֻǳһòء
ɣǶԼݵһϿɡ
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߽һҡҷ˫޳ֱ֫ӯӯһգһϮɫȹҲ޷ڸ俰
ȷһԾĳȻ֮ѩӨ֬㣬ӨӨԣٳӣԶԶһͲԲλ֮࣬ġ
ȻһЩҲޣի߳Ĵˣ˾
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λǷ棬Ϊʥ֮شµĴˣͻȻڴ˵أ
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ǽһݣѡ
ʥ֮أ
һƣָЩȻΪ֪صط
ڹŻĴУ֪ʥ֮أֻһǼص򣬸ڻ̾ŴƾޱȵĵͳܾĳȺ
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ˣǱɳȻҲ޷ܴ˴ΰܼܻ۵ƻῪʼʱٶȶ֡
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ѰǶײس鴤һ£֪ǽ֮С椾ǼԾԶ֮
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Ԥ⣬˴۵ƻᣬעȺ貣ʢǰҲƱػ֪ᷢٿƾĶԾ;
Ҳ۵ƻῪʼǰһ죬һ䶯ޱȵϢ³дȻ󲨡
֮䷢ħӵ컯һʥƾһ½꣬һԾɱΪսֲܹѹͬľ
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һѰϢɿ˵ģѰһƵ˷ͷ˼ϣһƱػĿĿź졣
һ˰಻סע£
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νƥﻳԡʥֿƾıʱ˵һˣϹﶼ̲סᣡ
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˽ΪȻΨаϬиһĨǣնϿɣ֪һϢƱػѰһ޷ԤӰ죬ǻǸ

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˵һеȷЧһѰСӿ鷳ˣҪΪ˽ͷö
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ɽ֮ϣźεܣ
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콾չжǺɳѪնȥ
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ˡ
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һĻ֣ͼɳ켱СվϰСһƵЮִǲɽҲˡ
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һܻͨʱ֮һҶһԿɳһ磬һнԱòͬ
ڽǹеġʥؾ֮ѰĪ֮ⷽɽϼʶֶΡ
ʱһʢǬڣϹż֮ɽ
ֻǣѰȴû뵽ɽǰһĿȿֶͨΣ
ɽ֮ϣܾʥܡ
Ѱип
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У˿ǻһƬһһ콾ȿֺҪһʱɽ
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ѰһƳһϤӰȻǰ˼ִ˷ٺ
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ܿ죬ȫ䶯컩ȻѰһ̧ۿȥͼǼߣһӰ
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糤գȻ
˵廹һλʥ򣬶ҲܶأĽӣ츳ڸǵеĵλͼҲûʲô𡣡
ƣͼӼֱһԣҲֻľϼʥŮ
ھ̾мĽ͸п
գѰͫһУòϣһӣòʡֹ޿ޡ
ңżıݳȻΪϾеĶڡ
ҫ۵ĽɫҲֲûôעĿ⡣
ѰӵǣУһʥ
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Ѱɣǧ彣ЩУֻ¶ǿĵƺɱˡ
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Ѱ̧ͷͼһȺŮգеĿΣŮԼ䲻
ΪȹŮ̸϶ྪޣȴ֮֬񣬷žӨĹһؾţ̵ĶʣһչƵģ㡣
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ѰҲ𶯲ѣɻˣ紫˵һȺϹʱҲӺޱȣֲ֮
Ӧȣ޹ĴˣԳΪʦ㡯޹еĵλҲȻߡ
޹أ̾ڡػʽ硯УǵϢǵĴ˴˴ȴ۵ƻϣԤ⣬ֻרΪеĳ컯
ٷɿؽзϰȻ޳һЩɲòϣϢһϣԿһѰ벻С
ѰҲжˡ
ԱߵЩ಻סˡ
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ħҲжˣ
ͬʱѰжҲڳ߹ע
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ٺ٣µҪħλһˣҶɣǷлŴӲɽ߳
ô˵ħ۵ƻϣҪùˣ
⻹𣿡
۲ݡ
ٷжʱһһѰķ籩վɱҪˡ


ˣ
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৵һӰѱŲߣʧ
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һͷ޴ıѩ޵˫չʮɳצУͨ帲ıѩһͫҲѩɣĿĺâ

գ˫絶иգצһһѩâƿնѤôĿɢƥϢ
Ѱת󤲽ٶԶԶܿ
Ƭϣ˺ѿһǧɵıֱѷ죬ж㣬ǷϢ̫¡
Ѱ죬޴ıѩ޵ֱһλʦͷųĽѸݣȻһпյζ
ңע⵽ͷƲûҲûһ˿ܰ㡣
ƫƫսܼͿֲѣչֳΨս֮ӵеĿսֶΡ
ৣ
ٶȳĴ򣬱ǧѩ⣬ǵأѵش
龰̫ɲѰһ԰벽ߵĴ
䣡
תΪȭ磬ﺳűãȭƥ춯ء
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һͷݣһŽشĶ֣
ѰͫҵХӰڿն𣬽̤󤲽ȫڵ

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꣡
˾һĻˣǱƵģѳѵıм
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ˡ
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ѰУһƿر㣬ȥ
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Ҳ֪˴۵콾м˺һؽ硣
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֮ǰѴӰٷ˽۵ƻϹؿ飬ÿһؿ飬ǹĪ⣬ֹգҳɲգһŲͿܻᱻ̭֣
հٷ˵۵ƻУ۵콾֮Уоųɶ඼ؿбֵ̭ġ
Ҳ˵ܹյִǹŵ֮ǰ콾ֻ֮һСˣ
֪Ȼǲ޷ͨعؿĿ飬Ҳ޷ȡǹŵϵ컯
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һѩ۶ɵڿն𣬺粻ͬЩűѩܹڿշɶݣޱȡ
ѰͫһУڸղţǸǧɷΧûвκףڣرѣһȺѩ㣡
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Ѳգںгΰ㴽һţͱһĿѩ׵磬ǵذ㳯Ѱֶȥ
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ڣѩڿգ糱ˮ裬ѩ׵ҲѶ಻ʤؼ䣬ͷƤ顣
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Ѱɫ΢䣬ûκγתӣٶ졣
䲻Щ㣬ȴеͷۺ鷳̫ˣȻȥɱҲҪķ̫
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ֻǣ˦ЩĹûǰжãٶ䷢
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ԶԶһŮؼ䣬ӰѣˣԵ̫죬ëȻ
һȺѩŮ
Ѱһĵһʱ䣬Ϊ֮һ𣬱޾ıˡϢҪ޾Ԩʹ˳١
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𣡡
ѰзһɬһͷҪ֣ʮء
ʵʵĺɫؼȻϯ
飡
ɲǼ䣬һЩѩŮ⧲Ȼ飬ǿֲġ֮ѹ
ôʱѰת󤲽ɲǼʧԭء

һ
Ѱɫˣһ·ϣ˱ѩ޵񡢱ѩ㡢ѩŮѩ
һ־ڣŲͬĴУн׵֮ȵȣ󣬿ֲ֮
ؼǣǵĿ̫ˣɱһֳһֱԶɱһ
鷳
Ѱü
տֻڴתؽмʱܣ˳ͨһؿˡ
Ѱܻɣֻһؿ飬Ϳ콾֮ʹֹ̭֣


863 
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һȺŮԦѤöݹ⣬ããıѩкۣѰЩȻ
ǰôãĵһ콾
ЩŮڿһڷѩеѰʱҲͬЩ⣬¶ɫ
һﵨӿ湻ģһ˺ᴩѩԭûжܺΣֱǰУѵһλΪ֮ǰӲǵһ
ʲôһǵ̲㣬ûѵĿһˣתؽ磬ȻǾҲýУСģĻ³çʹ󵨣ǲ֪
ЩŮ̸
ƲˣǸûиţҲûѵĴֻܶһжԲ֪⴦ؽĿ£Ҫꡣ
ϾҪɽ·ϻպͿ£øڴ˺ߣΪ̽·һʲôգҲԼʱܿ
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Ѱ΢΢̧ƳһЩŮɫƽδʲôǰС
ڽƬѩؽʱѰʩչòʽиı䣬ʱˣֻҲݡ
Ѱʱ˰ƲųһԼϢԼΪʸ֮ģڷ˼֮ϣ콾֮ϣ׼ͻһЩͷ࣬Ϊ˶ȡν컯ʥԼ֡
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Ѱ΢УʶΣտʼ𽥳ˡ
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ӰһԶԶܿһƹ
ӴûҲ֪ס
ԽּһԽϾܹ뵽۵ƻУҲͦ׵ġ
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תؽ硭תѵνתǰ־󣿡
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ѰüɨһۣҪȥԼȥߺȡ
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νˮݣⱾؼĹ
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ЩŮɫһЩˣǿһˣνƵҺİ˴β뵽۵ƻеκһλ
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Ѱ˼

Ѱ޶ԣһʱЦ̧һĳװҲûãȥҲȥ
䣡
ȻĿƷӿ֣ݿգХһԨҪȥѰǰ̽顣
֪
ѰâһâһɲǣЩŮһ
飡
ͼѰתǰһ̤һͷѩױڿո֣˲佫һƷ顣
Ʋһβ¡һӴӰȳֲĺ⣬ЩŮ֡
Щܹ뵽۵ƻᣬȻһеĽ䲻ǿ󣬿ϧѰǶ֡
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ֻǣѸвˣѩ׵ıڿհβױȣֲޱߣգ۹Ǿͱѹأҽ
ħֹӣҵȲ֪飬Ϣŭˡҵȡ
ЩŮݴɪɪղŵźͲмˣ෴һ뵽Ѱִ˵ͿƲסĵĻֺ̿;塣
һλ˰
Щ콾һҲ˸һķħǰ治ģ
ðңֻһԭǣ
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ĺֶ֮Ҳһ۸һ·һֱЩӬļһƫƫԷôߣڸҪֱͷ
Ѱ޷̵ģ
飡
Ѱһ߳һ걻߷ҽС
ֻǣѰҪºʱͼһ󲨶꾹ֱӱŲ뿪ƾʧˣ
ѰһüȻɽؿУһܵвͻᱻŲ뿪³Ҳֻ̭֣ԵڻȡԵ
֮ǰѰѾ˽ؿ飬ִǹŵǰʱûһ㡰
Ҳ˵ҲֻеʱΪ˶ȡ컯Żᷢ
Ҫ㣬ǧҪ
ЩŮ׻ˣɫ䣬Ըʹ˱̭֣ǲŸս컯Ļľʹȥ
飡
ѰΪһһ߷ɣŲƳѩؽ硣
ûãоֻʣһꡣ
ǸղŵһѰֵļһ
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꾪ûɳ
ֻǣҪʱѾѰһ߳ȥԶ۽׹ȥ
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ֻǣ׹䣬Ǻ͵ط۽ˣĿȼ񷡣
ৣ
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УϹʱһͷΟΪ£ʩչ˷һҹ֮䣬նʮɽӣٵ飬Ƭس׻Ϊ֮أֲ֮
ڣһؾطٶˣ
Ѱĸҵʩչȫ֮Ӳ
ܿΪһ۽ͷΟڡ𡱣ȴѩУһ֡ת֣Ȼ
䣡
УѰӰŲƣƣȭ貣춯أͷΟɱһ
һʱ䣬غףң糱ˮȭͻŰɢһƬ
꿴ûڷݿ죬ŷ֣ħԼֱ̫ˡ
ǻΟֱھ콾־ʿܹ⡣
ħȴܹ֮սͽԵúܱ̬
ৣ
Ƭ̺Ө׵ĵһ۵һͷΟͱնΪء
ǶеѰĿǰյǿսֶ֮һǲԸͷΟȥѰҲᶯá
һ
пǰЩʱʥŮǱһش㱻նɱ
ΟҲ޷ܿնˣ
飡
ѰУ֣ⷢǻΟնٿȻȼ
ͬʱһָ׸ǴСĻɫʯ׹䣬˱ѩϣʯ˸ŴĿ͸Ĺ⡣
Ѱһӣͽ𣬷Ķꡣ
ʯͷСȴޱȣʺ͸뵳һƻðԹ
ԾԴ̺ĴԴΪɿҲȣϹʱӵе󡣡
Ȼн͡
ѰŶһһ۾Ϳ֮ϣ޷ҲʶԼ֮Բɱѯʶܴʼˡ
һѰֻҪ㲻֣߳ұ֤յһ֮㡣
Ѱ½磬ǹ¼ҹһ˽⵽һЩ۵ƻ
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ǵ֮
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ʶ֪ЩϢѰҲһΪĻԵҪǹŵȥȡ
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Ѱ¼ҹһһֻܿԼһȥ̽ѰУЩͳˣҪԿ١
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Ŀģϣ۵ؿУȡеĻԵ컯
ԾԴҩҲĶ
õطڴ˴أԺͬ棬ܻȡڵĻԵΪҲƵһбء
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ĿǰֳٶȣҪͻһ׶ΣҪ֮á
⻹ǿˣ;ƿҲܹͻΪ
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Ϊ֮ǰҪþһֶҵĸԭ
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һţ˵һε۵ƻУһǰδеĴ컯һ޶һͨʥ
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Ϊе鹭һͨʥɼˣ֮ǳ󣬿졣
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ȷϣϸѯʣͺг
ԭ˴۵ƻᣬô಻Ϊ֪
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꼱æѰܲܡҲң
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ڨڨ˵֪һطŲٺöһߣҿΪ·
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۵ƻϣ콾֮ɽϻȡԵ֪ɽλõģȴ֮٣Ϊһصġת֮ء
˵꣬Ѱʹϵɺܲ·ɡ
ʱһϲòѡ
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ֱ컯֮ż棬ܹȡĻǿʱͻƵһ磿
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жһľ֡
һЩɽλõ콾֮ԾٴУǺִܹƬģûһѰɫ
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ͬʱЩ£֮ǰǵǼһﶯ֣Ǻɲ룡
Ͼܹ׾ɽʵǵļһЩ˿ȥǵģ



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Ѱһϥ£һ߾ɽӿĹս⣬һߵȴһ֮֡



868 սӡ
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صǣѰܻɣȾ£ЩһĴĿ꣬ȻԼһϡ
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ֻǸշֿãѰüʲôԭ·ȥ

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˵ϹʱһЩԲݷ׵ػ壬ʵǿò˼顣
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бףѰ̽Ѱɵ򣬿Դ󵨵䣬ѰʺԼĵ;
ЩϵͳĴ˵ʦųָ㣬ָ㣬Ҳһֻܼ̳кϮʦų֮·
·һӵŬҲվֻܴﵽӵеĳɾͰˣɲѰҪġ
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871 ڳԺ
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Ѱֽ̽ӹս˴ָС
ͣ㣬۽ӼǰУһϮ°ɫڷѩ죬Ʈݳ

ʱѰշתƬѩؽ磬һ·Σգоջ⡣
ѾѼʮſԾԴˣֻҪӦԼΪͻо
ѰһǰУһ˼⡣
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Щ죬ѰҲһֱѰҩһ·ȴһ
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ѰʶνԵҲжޱ֮ϡȱ˭ܹõ
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һϣһŮǡÿɼһĻͷƤ飬ҪУ͸оһʹǰڣͨһ׹䵹ء
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Ҳ˾ѰõĻԵĽۺ첻ѡ

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һ͸ϡȱˣУҲΨЩ̼ƾõĹϵͳȺӵȼĵС
ħ񵹺ã۵һؿУԼһ˾ͻһУ˭֪ܲĽͼʣ
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֪ЩڳЩﶼˣɫ죬ú΢
ˣ
ٷ͵ǣһĻĻ۵ףʱʶһϢֽѰٷ粨
ΨһҵǣڲɽڣĻЩۺʹѵߣȻ̲ס֡
ģøϽɢһעڳЩߵĿȫħһϡ
ٷ°ͣ˼⣬һҧ汳ģѰֵӰ졣
ȻЩ𣬿ɰٷѾ˲ˡ
ڵ֪Ѱ˶ಿ֮󣬰ٷ͵ϴ£۰Ͱ͵ѰһЩԵأ
ûãٷͿʼɢϢ
ʥŮľؽżȻһسʥϢİ׹ǣʥ˵Źǣ

ϢһʱС
֮ԱǣΪǼٵģҲ˺⼫档
һǿߵɫһӱѿòнͣԽǽͣһЩ߻ˡ
ҥԣǣҥԻܾ壬ϸڣ֪飬ܾܿͻᱻɱΡ
һӣǿɱ˵Ķˣ˭ôȱ£յֶǣֱɱ
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Ӧģ˵彣˴б֮ǧɡܹ޷ֵܣ
ûҲˣǧɡһͨ챦Ī⣬ƾ˱彣̽ѰԵ
Ϣһ䶯˶Ľ
۵ЩߣʱɫԱأִżֱ̫ɶ񣬵ڰƵ˷˼ϣ
鲢δٷϰ鳾һΨ²ҵûãһҧֱӰիҲˮ
ţһҪڲɽжȡһ׮Ϊ֪Ĵ컯ǣľܣ
Ϣһг׷ˡ
˭֪糤գ˴רΪݷիʥŮ
վΪʲôȴΪ֪
Ҫǣһǿߣȴμӽ۵ƻУⱾòߺܲ
£һϢ˭ֻ¶޷ˡ
Ҫˮ밡ŵ֪ЩвһĨ˵硣
һʱ֮䣬Ϣ׷ף۲ڶУȷ˲ٶѰĹע
ˣΪɢҥԵĻ֣ٷһЦۼɢϢǷǵ̳֮
ϵܰϵܣΪ˰㣬ҿΪ˵Ĳغ͵߶ͻˣģһҪϸӴһ컯
ٷֹ

ɽ
ˣ
ղѰӰŲֳ
۾ͼһƬҝӳҰУֻʣԼȻһˡ
۵ڶؿ֮أ
ѰиոͷȻ¡һ죬һڶϵʯεضԱߵϡ
ϱ׭ԼĪٸ֣ÿֽŤ򾣬Ϲʱǵһֵġ
֮
뿼˵ĵӣƴȫɱ˾˰
ʱΪһ㣬;ߣ̭δһڵִߣ̭
мǣʵͬҲͬΨȫԸͻƼޣ
׿ǰɻòͬĽ
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873 ֮
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ڲμ۵ƻǰѰٷ˵һš
Ϲʱɽһɽһֲ̿ĵͳ̾ᣬʥڴ˴ҵ´ʮơ
ɺ֪ʲôԵʣһϵͳһҹ֮ʧʷС
ԭѰҲΪǴţȻЩѰ
ŵһ괫֮һʯֳӡ֡
Ʋ⣬Ϲʱһͳôν۵عأʵͳ´õĿ顣
ֻʱǸͳΨɽϵĲֱÿ꣬ͽһν۵飬Ϊ˵Եĵط
ѰΪ˽Ͳź
ȻԶǻҝУʼı仯һƵĻɫۣݱΪһ
Ѱһݡ
ЩûӣһƬģǵȴ޵ߣе齣
е;ףݷס
дԼɣֳȵŮ
һƳӳһ̣ŹʣضȾùѤá
գ۹ѣ˸۳ɰǧߴѹ֮
Ѱһʶǿ˲жϳһȻһɫӵֳΪϢԿԺ͵һ콾
ɰǧһ콾
κͷƤ飬е
мǣʵͬҲͬΨȫԸͻƼޡѰĿһƳֿһϹŵġ
ףڶ۵ԲͬߣĶʵҲòͬ
һȷ̸ϹƽҲζţѰӵѹ־ľȿҲռһơ
෴Ŀ鷴ȱ˶ҪѺͱ̬
֮һڡɱ˰Լý߾ȫӦˡ
Ѱһɫ両ֳһĨ磬ɨؼ䣬֪һظ޷þȫ
ɱ
ɱ
Уǧϰٵġ޵ߡɱǵأԦŶݹ⳯Ѱ
ǿзΪɬϹŵģȴƾɫ䣬ֲޱߡ

һƬȼյǺչǧ֮ء
һſǳ˲䱬ըҫƥĻɢ
Ǻӣ
ⲿƷ̺Ż֮ϵİʺȺ֮С

ҰԭЩ޵ߡһҽУһЩشһЩֱӱٻһգʧ
ԭǻۣ⵹׻ɱѰ˼
ͷƤǣԶɲ۳ԽԽġ޵ߡ
ɱ
Ѱҵԥʩչ󤲽ǰȥ
ʱֻһ㣬νġ֮˰ںεأ֮ƴһУȫɱȥ
䣡
ĻǺչӿĻȼأɢԵԷ
;ϣһЩ޵ߡûпͱٻ
ţֻǣɱȥԶѰüɫЩء
ǰɱЩ޵ߡҲ֮𽥱ǿٶȸ죬յսֶҲǿᣬʵ
Ƭ̶ѣǺӵɱ¾Աó


ҝؼ䣬С޵ߡӰ۳޾ɱ֮ꡣ
ǺӵֲܿƬ̼ɱ¾޵ߡ
ʢĻżµķٻϢǣˡ
ǰֵġ޵ߡʵҲǺѾյЧ
Ѱüǣ󤲽ٶ죬ܵͻǵصġ޵ߡ
Ҳζţ⼫֮ڣܺǸûõģ
ɱ
ѰٳɣֱɱҲκλãңǺӵʼʩչű
¡¡
貵ȭŷڿգƴɽХк춯֮ܡ
ʱ䣬;ġ޵ߡֽһ㣬Ȼ飬Ѱһ·Ϻƣҡ
϶ԣǺӵǿ󣬿ɱϾѰֻŻ֮ϣǻ֮⣬޷ⲿƷ׷ӳ
ںűϽ꣬Ѻˮ֮ںϣͷų֮ǺҪǿ˲ֹһ
ԲܱסֻΧУʱ˵ִ˾˰ˣֻ»ᱻӲḽ̌֡
һ̵Ѱ磬ڷѪɽţһת۷ز
ԡһʢɫԣ糱âɣɽӣ֮ơ
䣡
ѩ׵ıڿհβΪ俪
½Ϊ֣
ӡ۳ݺһңʯ쾪һ˲ɱʮ޵ߡ
֮Ľɫɢ˲ҷ𡭡
űͺűѰޱʩչϣƸ
ǰҲֻڶԸɳȾʱѰŻӦԡ
֪ڶؿε֮Ѻա


ѰܵڶؿͬʱͬĵطƵһĻĻҲ۵ǿϡ
ֻϸԱȣѷ֣ÿ콾Ŀˣѳ̶ȫͬ
ȻȷһƽĿ顣

ҲģŸտʼܾôˣ
ģ̫̬ˣȿ˭ܴȥ
Ҳ
ʱƣͬļ֮У½һһ콾ֲ֮ס̭֣ŭ򾪺򲻸ʵĴ
ͬʱҲһЩ˱ֵüۺ׿ڼ֮гɱһ·
իǧ彣ȵȾ
ֻǣǺܿҲѰƵǾǰųɱġ޵ߡʵҲ𽥱ǿõǰĲҲܵ谭û١
˵Թ񣬵ܹͨ⼫֮Ŀ飬ʵɵڽһǧĥܹ벻ĺô
ǧૣ񣬲ݴĿ׵ڵ˴кֱײ
ҵҪ˴οܷƳҵļޣ
彣ӿһնɱһʬǶѻѪ·ƥ
ʹ죡þûȫͷŹˣ
ɳ췢Ц
ȤΨڴ˴οб׿ǰܹýҵǺڴ
޼ɴǰб亮â

һһڷǰչ¶ԼȫܣǸ磬ֻߵľ̾𺳡
⼫֮ڣǽһսҲ˵עͲĿ
ƶϵûҪˣһεĲɽ֮Ҳúͬġ٣ɴӲй飡
ƶϣһֻ¾ͲһοյĽС
һΣһҪȡߣڵԸ
һ֮УջɢԣѤ֮һ֮Ӱ㣬һ·ǰ壬޿ƥУٶޱȣ


874 ֮

磬Щ֪۵ڶؿУǿ߾ܹõһĽʱȫݲѡ
۵ƻУɴӲй
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Щ˼⣬ɫ졣
ɽΪϹɽÿųһΣйŵͭƻоԵ
۵ڶعĻ⽱٣ԷͬСˡ
֮Ψн߾ȫͨĻᣬɾ˭ֵ죿
дʳ
򵥣˹ʱƣζţ˭ʱͨ飬俼ɼԽߡ
һͿ˵
⼫֮ɱĶ٣ͬӰ쵽ɼ
ң˴۵ƻȫֻͬ»ΣҪ⽱ɾԲˡ
һڴΪȻ
ҿ˵⽱Ȼйɴ˼һݡдȻڡ
ɫȻȻԵ˭Ҳ˵׼Ứ˭ңλѿɲҪҲ²⡣
һľ档
ǹͷɲü̫˶ϡ
ȻΪիˣʲô鷳ǿɲηˡ

ҝؼ䲻۳һ޵ߡǾĳϵͳˣŲͬսɲ֮
ǻۣȴη齣ꪡìս񶦡ӡȱؼ䣬䲻ͬˡ
ȭŷ
Ѱűﵽ£磬ħں졣
ۡһһ޵ߡɱӰ籬Ĺ꣬ҝ
ͬʱѰ̤ű󤲽ǰ塣
ֻǣʱƣѰ𽥸еǰٶҲ֮ܵӰ졣
űͽűҲ޷ЧˡѰü両ֳ֮ɫ
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Ѱ뵽⣬ֲһĨΡ
Ҳܹ˭ֻܹʵ̫ͬǿܵĿҲ֮
Ѱɣڴ˴βڶ۵ǿУԼһȱ̬ģ޼
һʼʩչǺӵܴݿɨһƬ
ɺǺӵֻɱ߰˸֡
ʩչűͽű䣬̬Ʋŷı䣬õѰһչǿѹ
ڡֲͬˣ
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Ⲣʵ³ֵĶʵڲ

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ֻǣҝֻ֮ġ޵ߡʵǿ
飡
ûãѰȭֻش֣޷һٺɱɺη
ˡ
ЩһʵѺɳȲεĸҲûʲô𣬵ƾűͽűѾɱ
ѰԤϵˣıսʽϵһС
ৣ
Өѩ͸ĶһɨɲǼնʮ޵ߡ
ףޱȣһУѰͼԪִСĲ£ͷųǡ
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Ѱǰ塣

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۵ڶؿУȴԵ쳣ÿһÿһ붼˱ܼ尾
ɽ⣬в۵콾ﱻŲƳ̭ˣ̾Ϣ
ÿһλ콾ɶ粻ͬеķ֮ܵĿӺա
ڣŽ۵ڶؿжѣѾô콾ﱻ̭֣ʵľ
ȷһֻ̭ʶκһ۵ƻɱȡ
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ѾȥˣһʱѾȥһ룬Ҳ֪Ƿ֮ͨ
ڽŹעнѣҪ֪𰸡
աɳ޼ɡ彣延ЩܵǰδеĹע
˭ܹһ飿
ڴ

һ
Ψеһͨ飬ܻĽһֱһ϶ڴ˴οн١
֮ջԡԣһֽ޳ٿ㣬ֱɰ㣬о֮ɡ
սҲ£һ·壬ŶʵǿսҲ֮ǿ侪ˡ
˭סңһעҵģ
磬¶ƥš

⽱ҵһݡ
һ֮һϮɫȹѣƥϴһĨе񾲺ʹݡ
ٶͬܿ죬սֶοƲһ˿̻ϢȴֲޱȣӲӽâɨΪڶնһֱ;

ǰܻý²ܶõһҲȥǰ֮λ
Ҳ֪ʲôӹɣ϶ͬѰˣһҪȡõ
⣬˵ĿҲѶҾͲǣ
ڲͬļ֮Уǧ彣延ЩʩչȫյĽ־ڱصá
ⲻֹһԵһ֮εľͽ
˭ҲԸ˺ˣ

ৣ
кգز磬貵ĵâҫ۳ʢ˼£ǵȾâ޼᲻ݡ
Ѱ˿ѾԼļתǰǶԸ벽̫ʱƴ
ۡЩ޵ߡһһرնɱУ޷赲Ѱֻ
ֲðٷϰ˵۵ڶصĿܱ󣬶ߵʵŲ˼ĥã˳ͨʵԿԲĳ̶ֳȵɱ䡭
Ѱ
һ·ɱõһֱһּս״̬УʵǱױȳһѵõĴ
˿̣սԽԽңҲѰԶеƿ;ȻʹָԲ֮С
֮ͬǰսУǻǺӡǺűű䣬Եõ˽һϴ
һУѰܹܵԼ⣬ڷԵı仯
ɱ
ֱѰ׵һ񳹵׳սУ
ն
ն
ն
ſն
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ǰѰɼʩչ
ɳԾʱѰһֱáԪնİ塣
ȻѰҲֻǰնСն͡޳նİأõ
ɼˣһͨؾеĵҲ㿰˸
ţ
͵أսвǰѰ͵ѹĿ⿴ܡ
һƬûеˣҝؼ䣬ֻʣһˡ
ûˣѰһʶԼòѾִνļ֮˰˰ɣ


875 ް
ۣ
һǰ·һ޵ߡĨ
մǷһĨ΢Ц
ɹˣ
ǧ֮⣬յ㣡
˿Ϣ΢һ·ȫɱҲļ󣬲ϣǰоһжֵá
ڣڿԵóԸˡ
ૣûκͣǰǾĹͷΪκһ˿κģ
ˣ
ȻӰֻɵִյʱҝؼ䣬Ȼ쳹һ糿ĺİɢʮأ
⡭
һǵ΢Ц̣ͫţд֮ɫ
ⲻܣܻһִ
׻ıһǰδеķŭͲʳ⣬̲ס˻
ɾ룡
κʱɲǼԵִûκ
ڣɲǼľУȴȵִյ㣡
ִ̫ˣٺõƢ˿ҲòѪк޲ɱˡ
ôܣ
ɢֲƣֱ񷣬һͷ裬类ŭ㣬ɫ࣬Ϣɲ

⼫֮ȷһ·ɱ񣬾ҵļȫĥѵˡ
һ֮ӯӯ˸ðĹ
ܵһĥҲǻǳϸһ
ţûͣһ˿ӰһĨ磬ǰȥ
յǰߣ
Լʵžţ۵ڶؿУǰĽصԼһݡ
ժõһ־ڱصá
ⲢǽԴԼʵġ
ˣ
ֻǣӽյһɲǣؼ䣬һ쳹Խ
ɲǼ䣬һâѵǼһܣ䲻Ծ۵̣ҿһ㶼ѷɫ
룬лһ˿ƲסʧӿͷüҲ޷ƽ

ӦǼ
彣üһ̾իʥŮʵȷ̫ޣ˲С

ܣŸչһʱ䣬˵һִյ㣿
ɳŭʵĴ

գ
塰С׺ǧսӿԽԽȤûмĶ֣ɾ̫Ȥˡ

ڲͬļ֮Уһͬһʱ쳹ڲ۵콾
һɲǵķӦҲǸͬɫ죬̾ʡȻ죬һ㡣
ʱڲɽ⣬һڵȺǵҲһһʱ֮䣬ȫȻ
˵һִյˣ
϶ǼҲֻⲻһʱڣһ콾ȵǣ
ʵ۵ڶؿһģϣѡ
ǲҪ֮磬۵ڶؿǹƽʵĲͬѳ̶ҲòͬҿһЩҲܰ쵽һ˵ħ񡣡
ħ񣿹òῪЦɣͼףֱǶԼӵһֲ
ǰһ˵¼ûܰ쵽һʸ쵽һҲħ彣延ǧ޼Щɶħǿ
۷׷ףΪִòɿࡣ
ЩԵֻ࣬ҲЩ󲻶̸ʱԵЩ
Ǵ»϶ܰ쵽һѡ֮һ
һʱ֮䣬вٴ׷׿ڣűʾףء
źЦֻɲʱʾʲô
Ͼսûȷһ̫磬ȴ˲أǶɾͶˡ
λ۵ӵܹ۵ڶؿս
һʱҪˣʱף
˶ڴ

һϵʯ֣ͬ׭Ϲŵġ
һĻѰȷԼѾִﵽ˼֮յ㣡
ֻǣˣ
ѰأЩţ̧ۿʯϵϹŵġ
˾аް
һ仰ȴʡ
ȷѾյˡѰЩδ
ڵִյ֮ǰĥУԡԪնǰնҲһ¯ĵزǰͽͻƣȴִյˡ
ⲻϲµζЩܡ
ԣ
ȻѰʶһ⣬ȻԼѾִյ㣬۵ڶؿ˻ûн
һʱ䣬ҲĻ
һ뵽⣬ѰӰһԭ·أҪһԡ

ȻûѰʧҝؼ䣬һһ޵ߡˣ
Һ֮ǰͬ˴γֵġ޵ߡŮǷһ˵ĳɣɼӵܰ㡣
ңǵģģϡѾܹϳǻ۰Ĺӿ֣֮ǰֻ֪ηɱģȫͬˡ
Ѱǣڴʱһģվƫƫϡ
˫ֱȭЦҾһ񣬵ϲʦ򡮴ް֮˾յ㣬Ȼұ;ֹڴˣʦִպصɴ
ºͣ쳹ؼ䡣
ͬʱֵһڡ޵ߡŮԺЦȭѰףء
Ѱ򶨣˿ҲЩ¡
ΪЩ޵ߡϹʱ︴գǻһҪǣԷƺԼΪʦܡ
һ߲ѣݣЦȻŮ˵λʦܿЩԻǵһβμŵ۵⵹μ۵龰ˡ
˽ݸԽԸпѣ׷Լμ۵һĻĻ
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Ѱв̲סʵλѣ⾿ô£
ʦܣҵ뿪Ŷ꣬˴ξѵֻڴ˵صһ־ӡ
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뿪ţ֤ʥ
ѰһѵЩŮ뿪νġšʱȫѾӵ֤ʥĵ̺Ϊ
ʦܣ۵ڶտҪʼˣҵ־ӡһ֣Բκα־۷ҪýҪþ֮
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ʦ֣ɱŻλʦܣܹһִＫ֮յ㣬ܹܿ򡮴ް֮ȵ̺ʣ֮ǣҪǿ١
߲ѵŮЦ˵
Ȼ˵л˵ǵʱ䲻࣬ʼɡ
ȡ
Ѱнһӵɻ׼ѯʣʱȥʲôտˡ
ֻǣ˵һӣһƴΡ롢ۻޱȵĽ֣ͷųƣѰһܵһǰδеѹ
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Ѱɫ΢䣬˲ת˿ǰ£ޱתսʥ
֮ǰսУѰɲʩչ
֪һѰѹε֮˵ǿһ⣡



876 ս֮
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һ֣񳹵ױһˣü価Ȼ֮⣬âɱ顣
֮ǰ¶һ糹ײˡ
Ѱܵǰδеѹɻأѹ˲Щȫ
ϣ
кնһӲӵǺϯǧɵӲȥ
ײֲĺԱŽ
ѰһѪڣһУ㱻˵

һҧս⣬Զսʥתףһ˲ﵽǰز
ն
֮أһſǳ׹䣬ҹ٣һžŵĻϢɢ
ৣ
գɣָһɨƴĽ䣬赭дʵֲ֮
תۼѣ߼ѾϰٴΣ
һֻһ־ӡҶõĻֻ־۷徳ȴѾɳҪǿһأδҲ̫̬ˡ
Ѱ𵴲ѡ
ǰħΪͱ̬Ѱȴоı̬
ֻһ־ӡѣʵ޷־ʱӵźεȾսˡ

͵أԶһλ߲ѵŮҲˣӰ磬ذ׵лӶһޣһɨմըѣֽ㲻
¡
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һĻͺһλλƾ־ʿһֳףĿֲ
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⼫֮˭Ҳ֪һִյѰȴ۵ڶؿ˻û׽ʱϾս

жã
һӡ
磬۴ԸߣԶڽȴ
ްҲһϵʯϵϹŵġ
΢΢һüתԭ·

ܿ죬һλһλ޵ߡֶÿһϢԱ֮ǰǿһأ
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ã˻ûг׷ֳʤһлᣡ
б˵â»ָ־ԥͳȥչɱ
ֻǣѰһвͬЩ޵ߡδֳǻ۵һ棬ʵǿ࣬ȴûһ㡣
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յһִ˵һִտ˳ɼʱŤתǬĻᣡ
ᶨΪһҲ֮ԸȻ޷۵ƻϱѹһͷ
ֹա½ִյһЩһʯϷʱҲһͶ뵽սС
Ϊ콾˭Ҳܸľ˺ˡ
У½Ҳ콾֮յ㶼ûеִ;б̭֡
ͬҲһЩ콾ִյ󣬳иΪͿ˳ͨڶؿ飬ڸûע⵽˴ο黹
Ǵ
һиͿһ
־ţɵ̤ϴ֮·ڣһ콾ԣζڵľҪΪпͼҡ

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УѰһαѹƣĵˣпѪоҪ
ʮƾ־۷ɱܵ˸޷ġ
̫ɲˣÿһλ֣վ֮սֶγʥǸ磬Ǿˡ
ڣһΧϣѰĴһӱ᧿Σʱбѹ̭Σա
䣡
һƴɨͻ貣ΡˣƼֱӣȴɱǬһɨƽǬϵơ
ҵҪǾܷұˣ
ѰҧѹƵ̧ͷıһ̲סױˡ
ɲǼ䣬ȼգ绯¯Ʊ֮ղžǿһأ
֮ŭİ壬ܹ̼ǱܣԶѰǿս
ৣ
з쳹أ貣ð㣬渡ֳһƻɬĵͼһεĻϢ
ɱ
Ѱ壬һڡ޵ߡսһţõƬضϯ˷龰ˡ
֮ŭսʥϡͼִСƿصĶУһѰս˿ǰز
նննſնĴطİ壬ҲȲٿ£õǰδеͷţ
ʱѰһɳȾ
ֻǡ
ɲУ
̿ԼսǱѹƵ״̬ǿֻܻܳ׻ɱ֡
ԭֲֹ˶࣬һǿޱȣǱ̬֮
Ǽ֮Լտ飿
ողԣӦΨþ֮кǶԿͣǡ
Ѿü֮˰
ѰнѹƵȳ̶ȣʶԼս
ľʹ˱̭
۵ڶعأܾʹ䣿
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սİ壬սУǶսʥʵİأհǰ˺󣬻ûʧ÷ң
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һս۳ɰܣ
һּ׵ͷţѰŻ֮󣬵һκޱս

ȿǰĶս״̬УѰ֮أѾõıԴڴ˿̲һɢȫ伡Ѫ⡢ȸھҲǡ
һУѰԲע⣬˿ͷޣΨ涷ս֮⣬졢ءˣ

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һ֮ɫЩףˮ͸ǰǿģȣԵúǱ
ɴ˿ĳϲúڴ
ΪĶѾױɱ¾һա
˵ڸղŵִյʱѷһ˿տϣ˭棿
һذ˷ϵ˭ź

Ӧÿ˰ɣ
ͬʱ૳ǰѾûһ֣Զѱɱһա
ƥϹźˮһͷ˿ЩңϢһּҵĵز
Ȼһսܲù
ҵҪյĿΣ˭ѹһͷ
ĴǸһĨ

ʱƣ½оһ彣ǧ延޼ɡɳȵȡ
ǵǲܹʶһнԶǰڴ
ʱһʱʣˡ



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ͬļ֮Ƽھȴճɼ
һѵִյľظûб̭֣ʵ̤ʵ١
Щڼ֮гɱȴִյ콾򲻽Ըеһ
ܻûб̭ʱѾʣ޼ʶһעԵڽһֿˡ

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սУһĨ貵µĶųԡ
ϣն
£ɨϡ
ɲǼ䣬ҝ羲ֹʱ̣ΨһĨҫ۵ĵâƥ
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ۣۣۣۣۣ
һλһλ޵ߡӰ˲Ϣѩˮ׷ʧ޷赲͵ֿ
ϲʦͻƼޡ
߲ѵŮӺȻ¶һĨЦݣһοϲ֮УӰҲӰʧ
ţ۳ףΪֵܽãʦܣһ죬ǻڴ·ء
Ϊ׵꿪ڣʵ쳹
һתֻһεӰҲӰʧҝؼ䡣
ϣѰս۽ţֻǵһĻ״һɴĶս״̬ѡ
лλָ֮гһգѰ𣡡
Ѱʧĵطૡ
һս£ȫɱ䣬һһޱȱĶս
Ǻűű䡢ǻǺӡԪնУԳ׺յˮ֮ںϣȫһˡ
ǣһͻƼޣѰʶľ۵;ǽһȫںϣһǰȫɱ䣡
ˣҲɱ䡭
ô̫ˡ
ֻһսõĸ򣬾ѰڽвϽĥ
ͨ
ѰһΣ׹ڵء
һƣӿȫһսƴУ֮һ̸һиʱֲסˡ

ѰڴϢ忡Ӳ԰׽͸亹͸ÿһѪ⡢Ƕֳһ״̬ɵڵϣ̧һָͷѾ
ӽŻӲ֡ζһּͷźĿա֮С
տҲ
޸
Ѱȴһǰδе㣬峺ƽͣǻҝ񷣬Сʱݶؿҹǳ˸ǣĿ顣

տյУӿϳһɹȪˮɢ֫ٺ
ɲǼ䣬Ѿ;ƿݵľ괺ɺԵĺӭ꣬һһ־˵ٶȻָš
Ѱᡣ
ͻƼ֮ɱޱȣҲǰӲһɱ䡣
Ƽɵ
ˣ
Ҳڴʱһʱ䵽ҝؼ䣬һƵب֮ǰ
ڶؿ˽ˡ

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ϵڲɽ쳹ơ
һ߽Գ˿ˣڶؿ˵ĽҲ¯
λ콾˴˴ο⽱
˭ӱʶ˴ο˵ĵһ
˶ڴ
죬ȥͳƴ˴α̭콾Ŀ
ЩߣԵһʱ޷ŵеϸڡ
ͨͳ̭жϳж콾֮ͨڶؿ飡

ڲͬļ֮УһǵĹʯڿ˽һɲԿʼ
գһʯٿȻһӵĵÿһͨ˵콾С
ӵֻаƴС׭Ϲŵģÿһͨ˵ǿߵĳɼ
ͬʱƾ˵ܹ뵽ؿС
ৣ
ճ־̧һץͽС
ڣһΣһԸһġţ
ƳۿϵּԭĻ͵׻
ͫǲּѪĳ嶯ˡ

ͫ产˵âеԲƵġ
ôܣ
գûסһŭʵͷɫɲ˼¡
ڶǣֻǵ
һ򽾰ɿܽܵˣ
ǰһֱҫ۵ľ֮һ̡ΪԿһ̳ҫƥĹ⻷
ڲμ۵ƻʱһ֮⣬˸ͲС
ڣ۵ڶؿУȴֻõ
ɼ콾֮ԣѾƵϾޣκΪ֮
ɶնԣһ̵ĳ裡
һ˭
յһЩƲסɫñޱȣǰΣ·ˣ̬׿
ɴʱЩʧ̬ˡ
˭裬һҪһ
ջɢһɿֲϢ⿪ؼ䣬һ硣
ڴʱһ貵ĹθֶӳǰԼһѽӲӵļһԽһĽɫƵġ
һ⽱Ψл۵ڶؿ˵ĵ֮˲ܹá
Լͫһ𶯣ѵһϹʱźպʥ
ֻǺܿ죬оʧֻһƷƲϣȴޱȣܹ
ıһص챦Ī⣬ԲһѽԼƷˡ
˭õһҪû
һĨ⡣

ڶѵһ
һ֮üϴһĨ⣬֪ˣҡ
գһ̾ټƽϡ
һʱĳɰܶѣؿ֮󣬲ֳʤʱ򣬵ʱһκⷢ
һһĨᶨ
û֪ڶؿУһֱĵơ
Ҳ˵ΪһԼȫΪԼڱأ͵һʧۣ֮

ͬļ֮Ƶ½
һ֪Լʱ⣬Ҳ˷ߺ޺Ͳʡ
ֻǣǰ˭ȴ˵ó

ʱϡͿõһѰ˿Щ
һƵĹŸǰڸһǴ˴ζõһõ⽱
ֻǣȴԵ̫СһЩ
һƿȴֻĴָСͨ֬ĥɣֳһ㵭ɫ͸
ѰûСɵƿֱСаƵġ
ǽ
Ѱ죬ŽУһϢ뵶
ƿȷ̫СˣƿԲƿŵɫΣ˷ֱ治ⱦ﾿ʲôõġ
Ѱһʶ̽УԺжʱֳڴƿֻ֣һ̣ɫͱЩ
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˱Сɵƿȴһ֮磬޷̽⵽ײ
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磬ʩչűһȭ۵ȫڴƿڡ
ʱֻʶһܽеͷųԼʩչҪǿһ
˽ЩѰһɱȽƻľת̫֮ˡ
ৣ
Ѱ̲סгԣУԼǿʩչſն
ˡ
ͬʱʶݴƿƿһȣȻ籡貵ĺ⣬ƻã֮״
˵һĻ֣ſնһʩչͱһ貵Ϣû
ȷû
ſնܡ̺һа丵βʣȫǴƿˣ
䣡
Ѱһƿ͵緢һſնӳɲǼ䣬һâ䣬նһֱɵѷ졣
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ѰкݺһһſնȻԼʩչǿ̫࣡
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Ѱ۾ƿһӵжõĿ챦˼֮
Եǰ䲻ضԵ˽лɱ䵱ɱʹá
ͬսʱҲԼƿֵɱУ֮֮Ҿɴƿӳ֮㷭һ
˲ѣѰ˴ƿսеãսǰ䵱ɱﵡ
սУҲ˵ɱУƻľ֮ǿ
Ҳ֪ƿǷϹɱˣǿԣǺô͸ˡ
Ѱһ뵽⣬Ҳһ
ȻʶԺٱϹ׷ɱȫƾƿԷɱУӶΪԼΣ
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һ룬ϹȫһСƿʩչʱȴһǷһٽϹﶼɱˣ
ѰԽ룬Խо˱죬̫
ǿҵֱ⻹ֻԼһЩãСƿȫþԲֹˣ
һжѰĴ⣬СƿǷ̵ܹϹɱУҪԲԲС
Σڴ˴εڶ۵УܹһĽѰҲеΪϲ
ˡ
أеĵɬһ̣ѰͱŲȥʧҝļ֮

ৣ
ѰٴγʱһƬޱȵǰˮӿģһͷ

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˺죬鿪ʼʱϻһ̤֮ϣڸչɣִﺣ֮˰ͨˡ
ǰĺѻӰȺһۡ
ħ񣡡
Ҳ֪˴۵ڶؿУ˺εΡ
ϧħ̫࣬ĻҵǺؿУһڸж
ѰӰʱʱһĿ
ڴˣѰɫĿһɨȫ˲жϳԼĪǧǿ߷ֲƬ
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Ѱ˼ʱ̧ѾһƫƧλãԶĸ
˼壬̤˺иֻΪۣУϲɷ죬²뺣
ңһʧ׹亣ˮһʱ䱻̭֣
۵ƻϣ⡰ɡĿ̸գ̭ȴߡ
һЩ˴гǿߣλᣬչʹããϣֻ֮ǰУһսʧ׹Ŀ̫ˡ
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ܿ죬ѰջĿ⡣
ע⵽Щѵִ˿̻һԵ̸ʲô
ˣ彣ǧ޼ɡɳ延ЩߣҲԶΧ£һȺˡ
Ѱ˰ϬһϮ£üĿ续˿٣ףվһࡣ
ע⵽ѰĿ⣬΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ѰЦЦֻǺܿɫһͣһɨԼ
һϮɫȹѣԼͰӨһŰĹƥǣһֿʥ֮ӻ߳ӡ
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һ̣ѰĿƽȴһ˿εɱƵ쬵ġ
ͬʱѰϴһҰѵ֮˵ȥұ֤ĺѿ
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ѰһУСƢ湻ģȥˣô
ǷһĨ΢ЦȻԶļ˻֣֤İɣ֮ܣ˭˵
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ֱ̫ˣ
ûѰ޳ܵļһ
ҵţ
ʮ㣬Ȼֻ֣ҪѰԼͿƲסĵ޷򶨡
Ѱ΢΢һЦޱȣаֻвңͲҷֱ
һǿ߼Ļһ󷭹ħͼڡüĿ顱
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оȥǱѰⲻҪĻץ񲻿ɣһתͷȥ·ٶ࿴Ѱһۣͻױߡ
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㷢˳ü䣬ǳ貣һһŶеĳȻ֮ѩӡ
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ʵϣһ磬ǧɽˮ˲μ۵ƻᣬҪĿľǽӽ
ڣĿѰͼ֮ġüĿ顱õоӬһܡ
͹˳ԲѷǷҪҰæտڣѰ΢Ц˫䵭ؿѰ
ʲôħһ㶼ںˣ
һǿ߽ľû뵽ûбʾʲôλľﷴվˡ
ԭͺ޵ǿ԰ųȥ˺Ѱĳ嶯ɵմȴһݣЩˡ
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֪նԼ˼ȴһȤûУ򵱳Ҳ͵͵ﵽ׶ǣԸǰݷõռ档
˵Ѱ֮ȷûʲôͬҲΪųʱڣкܲ
Ѱɫ΢΢Щüλѣ˵עִ磬ʲôгԲѷҺͼ͹˵飬һʲôվ죬ǲ̫ʶȤˣ
ȫǿߵħ湻ǿƵģֱӺǳղʶȤ

Сӣô˵ģ
ȥʦֵǸ
Щһĳˣ˿̽ԴŭѰѵ⣬ΪðڮյϣǴ󲻾
ѰбЩһһۣǵãǰЩͰϬطʱЩһһ۸ڶ߸ϵ̬ԼΪ
ʱѰüƽϣڣԷɵôߣ浱Ѱۣ
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ۼֵúܽϬнǣվҪȰ⡣
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ѰЦЦ⻰˵Ĳ׹㲻ΪѣҲ֪Ѱ񣬿ɲǱŴġ
Ϭüһ̾ȥ
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ħεºܣܱλݽԿƳڣɸʤ
ܶӶ̲סĽ
Ȼɳ޼ȾԹۣʵаͲѰշͻܾˣȫ̭֣

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Ⱥ۽Ծħս֤ԼǿѾ˸ۡ
ڣղ˵ˣǵħ˵ģɱ¶ոͲħУ
۵ƻУҲΪ㣬ڸһᣬҺͼ͹Ǹұһ
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ѰŶһ˵ʲôȴԶļһϹۣ㿴ֵľģ
һл˶Ϊ⽾Сģƫƫ˿ȴҪ⣬Ⱥ£
Ѱһ뵽⣬͸ıע⣬̾Ϣ㲻һôɶں֮ܣ޶ԣҲֻܰǵܸ
˵꣬һһɣң
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Ѱڱңһ磬ɱڡ
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顱ۣҲŭޱȣɱƲסزϴܡ
ϵˣһ̳綼ƾһ硣
ȴ顱Ƕϵһ裡

ճŵϸֳɱ䣬һεǿ߽һ̫ǿˣ
һ̵գֱһλŭӣŷơ
ô߳ŭ붯֣㲻ɣ
ѰɹЦ
磬ҲһԣվＸҲԼ
ңڵڶ۵ͻƼޣսȫɱ䣬ҲȷҪһǿĶ
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ǰؿ黹ûпʼʱ˭Ҳû뵽ΪĹϵħ֮侹ͻȻìܡ
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һǿԹۣ˼졣
˰Ͳһսչħ̭ձ̭ǽּɡ
ɳǣԶ뷨
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ޱȣĹЧߵΪҲӰͶҡ߸ȱ޷ѰٵڿĹ屦
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ʱƣѰܹܵΪڲÿһбǵĺˮƵġ
ԾԴ
ǰʵͻͽѰᵣǻɸȣӰ쵽Ժĵ;
صģԾԴۺԴԴԴĹУǵӰصãԵһʹ
յʱ䣬Ѱע⵽ԼҪƾˣʱлжʮԾԴ㹻ˡ
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Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ǹ⻹⣬⻰ǿߣ붯֣ʱǴħʱ̡
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˲ѣ಻Ŀ⣬˷Ѱ߿
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üһҧƴṷ̋³ҲҪȫΪѰ߻ħ֮Σ
ֻǣ׼ϾѰĴ֣𶯣ҵҪ˭ʱҶ֣
ƽһĨɱ


884 
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Ѱѡʱƾѵǹģ
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延ƽ˵ˣʱɲȥˡ
ɫãʶأ̲סѵΪǳ֣Ҳòħ񣿡
延Ĭã˵ǾҪѰУǷӵʥˡ



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˵һͦħ񣬼ȲǹϵͳˣҲ޿̵ıȴܹһɱټһͷһͳһ㣬ǿ
һܸо延һζܹ֡
֣ҲͬԲڵľ̲ס˵
延̾ԣҲŸħĲͬ

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ͼһӣ˫ֱͷŤ״ޱʹ࣬˻𣺡룡ħúݣ

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һ·ǿ߲ұֵ̭֣ܹǿߣֻʣ²ǧˣ



887 
۵ƻῪʼʱλ粻ͬ콾롣
۵ؿ鼴֮ʣȴֻʣǧˣ̭ɹڴĿġ
Ѱ쵽ˡ˿
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ѰЦ
˽Ѱ⻰޷
ɳ÷ζը뵽ħȴպĺڣ
Ϊ˿ǣڲٺ͵߶Ҫˣ
˵ˣĳ治ĳ涼磬ֻһȺС󣬿Ц
Ѱ⣬ȴ絶ɳǶ޲óȥѰƴ
˵ʵʼնǣȴűûȤǾǵĹۼţ
˻䣬˽һ𣬶ѾƣħҪʲô
ɳǶһ㶡
ˣ
ڴʱ֮ϣԪ֮ⲽһյǰһɨ
գ⣡
˻
ȫɵۣУȼһյ족εĻƣ㹻
ڣħ̸Ц֮䣬ֵȼһյƣͬ죡
̫ţ˭ҲûؿУܵյƣҽԳֳ˸
⡭Ⱥԡ
ȻǼաǣҲˣ׷׽ʶɨӹȥĿôĻҲЩ𵴡
յ족εĻƣǰδ֮£Ž
һ϶ǹģ֮ǰЩֻ뿴Ѱʰ档
һת۶ѣһָ˴󶯾ǹʹ
ҵǿˡţӿĪһ˿Ʋסɱ
һ̣Ѱϸܵһвܲ
һӲеļһȴչ¶ҲܵвЩԽܡ
һħ˼

ɳǻڣɫһһףޱȣѪĳ嶯
˵Ѱһյʱǻеŭһֱӵıôڵǣеһǰδе߷ߡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
һ뵽ղǶѰĳƣǶ޲طȥ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ
ħ񣬷ֿ񡭡ǿૡ
ֿ
Ⱥһƺɵȷǡ֣ɫȻɣпգΣڵ
ɳǣ˿̶ôˣֿͬЦ

ҹĻϣ˿յƣң貳ʢӳ
мաȸռһΨѰһ˶ռ
ϣһв
ڽʱУͼѰʢ󣬵һյһյơ
ÿһյӳգǬ
ֹɳɵۣǿ߶壬һĿÿ漣ڷĲʵС
ȷ޷Ϊɸӷ飡
ħǿᵽεȵزˣ
աЩͬ޷ˣһֳѹ
ӹɣؿУҪԱȣҲѷɫ٣
˿̵ѰٲȻһ
ܿ죬ϾյհĻƣǱѰһѵյơ
ȥעҪº䶯Ͼÿһ۵ƻϣɶݹƵ顣
ɻǣһ̵Ѱɲͣ֡
˵Ȼ˶յƣȴѡκһӡ괫С
ʲô

ѰѰ١
ѰʺԼĻƣüǣԶΣܿԵƣȴҲԼġ
ʱѾռߴѾ޷ٸ֪
ոߴѰٲκһյƣҹĻһƬޡ
Ѱģϳ塣
أȥ׽Ѱ̫ңԶˡ
ֻ۳Ԫ֮飬򣬸ܳ˸ߵա
һ̣ʶѰΪһֿǰ߶ȣ򣬶ȻѰ쵽һ
Ԫ֮飡
־мֻڴϹϲܵü
ɺȻħѾ쵽һ
ƣռԪ࣬ƳǿĹؼ
һ֤Ѱ߱ԶѰĳǱܣ
üǽԳӣٰѰ֮
ԽԽߡ
ѰȻеһǰδеƣ֪߶ѾﵽԼļޡ
Ĺˣīտյһѹĵζ
ûˡѰһΣ족ĲΣѾƷĻơ
ֻǣ͵Ѱ׼۷ʱȻһʶһ⣬ҹĻ񷣬γһֹ⣿
·һյյƻŹǳԣƾҫۣȴ޷ɢҹĻڰ֮⣡
ѰУٳȥѰٻƣԪ֮ȥ֪ҹĻ񷡣
Ҳ֪˶ãѰԪ֮һܵһƽޣȴϳޱȵϢ
ȻԼˣ
˲䣬ѰһԪ֮ȫתһƳŶϵϢѰٶȥ
㱼䣬Ѱо޾ĺڰΧһ궼еѹֵĹϲɣϢ
ҹڰռš
ҲڴʱѰһյƣֻӤƴСͨɺɫɽɣһĳ֮Уҹеһڰ֮ơ
ڰԭѹֺ;
ɴ˵ȴ෴Ե̫أһֺֻ롢ׯϵ
ˣ
ѰѰãһǿҸܵԼҪһյҹĹĺڰ֮ƣ
ಣ
ѰԪ֮һԾȥһյڰ֮С

һ룬һɹޱȵĺ嫴Ϣ糶ɽХ㱼ӿԪ֮û
ͬʱؼ串ǵҹɫǷһȦһȦɢɬĲգһյյƣҲ֮ҡҷҡҷˡ
ҡҷӳĵðҹɫͿռˡ



892 񻨾۶
һ˵ĻɬµлصϹʱоӯ
һ괫иӴ⡣
˲ѣѰ͸оԼɱ䣬׳һεĸС
ৣ
Ҳ֪ãѰԪ֮ͷ籡һλðľϼӲӳʢڡ
գΪһðĻ١
ûãˣĵ⡣
žžž
ÿһƬţͷĵ꣬Ԫ֮һֱϴӣĸܡ
գٳţ籡꣬ѩããƵģǷ
ƮҷԪ֮ͷƮһҹٲƵϼ⣬Ԫ֮һƬͨ͸
һɲǣѰܵԼһɱ䣬ӵһ۹⣬ѱҼ䣬ԳÿһĻ;еÿһξһ˺ֵӳͷ
񻨾۶ü棡
Ѱһֶĸо֪Ԫ֮һ񻨣ǰײһˡ
죬һյҹ֮ĺڰ֮ƶѣӡĹ괫иȴһٽݵһȫ¸߶ȣԵ̫˼飡
˻Դ꣬ҡȥ֮Уڴ˶գѰ
ףԭϹʱУͬҲž֮֡
ֱǡ֪ʶ顱񻨾۶⡱ʥ󾳽磡
֪Ǿѣʼ֪صĳʼ׶Ρ
ʶΨ麣ϴʿյڴˣԶ֮󣬹֮ۡ
飬ָԪ֮飬ʶһĶãӿ۹⡣
֮ǰѰʹڴ˾
񻨾۶Ǹɬһ꾳磬ˡȥδС硣
ÿִһ磬Ԫ֮ͷͻ۳һ񻨣ռӵİ
ڡ⡱͡ʥʥ꾳磬̫ңԶѰֻһָ޷ÿС
޻꣬ǿٳ֮ƣԪ࣬糤Ԫңϲ޷
޵߶ԣԽǿܲյذԽ࣬Ѱٵ;֮Ųɹá
ǣ֮أĹؼԺ̤㳤·֤Ϊʥʱ޷ã
һӿѰͷඥȻ֮С


һƵؿ˽
еƣڽ괫иǿ߽Իһ걻ӻг룬ؼ
̫ˣôоŹȥգʱѣͽˣ
ɫأûдӸгѡ
˲ð˸ҿŵ顯İò˶ãԳԪ֮飡
ܣü両ϲ֮ɫȻڸջࡣ
ϧʱ̫ˣҿ϶ܹ򵽸İ
Ҳδ
ʱաȵҲӲһɫ죬üһĨβסϲɫ
ǻõĻƷһõĸҲڴ˴θУԵɱ䣬ǳ
ˣħأѡһյƣȻʳ
ǰҹ۲죬֮ǰյƣûһѡСʱǿҲ
֮ǰѰյƣռߴõ˭Ҳ޷ǷµĻơ
϶ʧˣƣȻ֮󣬿ʼգҿûһ˿
ɳЦ
ɫʱù죬һ֮ǰħӵûʱ򾹻ȥħ
ôˣΪ㿴ңѵ˵д
ɳһڣɫЩѿ
⵹ʵ졯εĻƣѱԴִոߴûһ˿ƶϣֻһ񡣡
ϵǣһվǳп϶
˽Ȼħ죬һ
Ӧõȷ֮ǰ̽ռߴκһյơҲ
ʱûѰҲеֺͲ⡣
Ѱһ񣬱Ӧ÷أѰһյͱĻƣܴеġ
ƫƫأյƽԱҲֻΪ֮Ѱռݡ
̫ˡ
˵ǿ߽Щ޷ˣħȻڵؿһ
Ǽ֥鶪ϣ뻹С֥顱ɵãԭܹõһԵģƫƫΪҪ̫̣ʲôҲûõ
һ磡
ɳˣд󶨣ȷѰ磬̲סղţյƱԳ֮󣬺εҫۺͿ˭뵽һﾹȻȫʧˡ
ô˵ҲħҪܸߣмڶȡ컯޼ԴϷʣ͸ųŪ
ҲЦڣͽ컯Ūˣȥǻֻ֮˭뵽ħ񾹻䵽ز
ȺҲЦԷǣ֪˵ʲôá
ĻϬü
϶ܼš
ڴʱϥصѰԨͫһĹ
ôǻ
ѰĿ⵭Ȼɨɳһۡ
˲ѣнһڣͨܣѰһ۾Ϳ
ͬʱǿҲħһһˣһֿ޹֮С
ף
˾죬ô£
ɵϸȥ֪ʱȴѰǿƽ£һԨɲϣ޷ųǳ
ɳɫһ䣬֮ǰѰӺһĻĻһ󷭹ò
һֽ;裬ֻЦȴٶԡ
ˣ̲סʡ
ѰЦأ
üһѰֿɶЦݣһΪǣŪӣһ
գҲû֪ѰǷٵơ
˶Ѱ̫ˣûһɥԵúܷҲװ򶨡
Ѱζˡ

أеŷ⣬ĲЮǣ˲ʧ
ؿҪʼˡ

ͬʱҲ䶯
ʲôħһˣյ졯ƷĻƣ軹𣿡
ﰡ
ԭעҪŹʣµģȴĳһħһӸס˵ķͷ
Ȼ̾ڶ
ЩҲݣһεƿˣǺȫһǰδеĴ
˵ѰǴ½ǰɣϷǶ˰֮ģԸƸ¼Ϊͽ
һλ΢Ц
ˣħ类ſУ۵ƻʱɽš

һڴԿڣѰ˼
λǱˣѰΨнիַܳǱܡ
ҲˣһĻĻõ߽𺳣ɵˣħҲ̫ܻӭ˰ɣ



893 ħҹ
һڴվвͬϵͳ־
˵ֻҪѡУ¾һ޶֮ҲԾţݡλԻᷢ츲صı仯
οħɲ޶֮෴콾жǾ硣
ټ½磬ɣ¼ҹһ£ĸϵͳֻ¶֦ȥ£Ѱһ콾ˡ
ϷĻ⣬۸ĴۣҲҪѰУ
Ǻǣ˭̺ݻ
λαأΪһħôִȥ˺
Щ࣬ɿͲߣӴˡ
߽Ľ۾죬ħ˲ãõЩϵͳᡣ
Ҫ֪УϵͳĴڣٲȻͬΡ벻ʵĴɽѡεӵ̱̬֮ÿ겻֪жһ߱Щϵͳ֮⡣
ڵãЩԹϵͳĴﾹΪħһˣִǰδţδϡ飡
˵ħȷʸӣڴ˴۵ƻϣı־ͿƳڣȦɵ㡣
߸п˹
۵һعأѰһ˳ϻɽһ콾ĵ£ɶһŰƮȻȥ
ڶعؼ֮Уƶõһ⽱Ȼֻƣ޷϶ɸݸϢƶϣõһָѰ
ڵعУڸƾһлɳú߲òâ̶ֻȥ
عУǵһǰδе漣һˣյƣ죬ǵķͷȥһ֦㣡
ս̡ǱϽԿƾ޵һĸͳܲģ
ҲֳЩ᲻̬ؽִ˭ֻҲ޷ˡ
ߣλѵͲӿǱ칷嶢ϵĳˣҴ񣬵˲֪ˣȷҪΪͽ
ߣǺһλ
λ˼ǲŹӵĻᣡ
һλŮɭȻ
Ҫǣλɶˣڸ֮ʱա޼ɡ׿ɳЩһľɶȷʾҪڵִŵǰʱȥɱӡ
˵⣬Ů¶һĨм˵ǷܹŴӲɽ߳˵
ʱճŲ٣һĿ˸ɫ죬ʼ˼ѰΪͽס
ʵ
߼ˣн԰̾ħǿǿ󣬿Ҳ̫ˡ
ҪΪͽЩϵͳú˼ĺ
أЦߣҪΪͽֲ鷳ܸⲻҪ׼Ⱥ£
˻һһԲͬͳĴɫԱ˭ôӣڿͳǣ
һӣȫžѻȸҲԳԾⷬɼ֮˭ô˵
Ѱ٣һ۾Ϳˡ
һ꣬һϮۣڷ˿⻬Ө⣬ͦһ˳ǹƿͱ񷡣
һɽۣ֮˫ָȫһоӿ򽣱Ŀɲޱȡ
ˣСĻӿڳһߺȳ⡣
ôǵʹ𣿡
ȻӲ罣бһĨâϼһҲ㣬ٸвС

߲ȻŭһϵͳҲһպĴȴһСѵвʱЩҲס
ʮ
һȻ
ͼԶһͳ֣ᾣһͷҷɫ쳣ĵĮ
ۣ
ֻǰһߵͷٿȻն䣬׷ɿС
ʼգ˿γֵġ
ȫȻޱȡ
ȻǽЩһҲһоɫޱȡ
ɫĮ˳ˣԹתǺߣ˫ִ䣬ĬȻ㡣
ϢݼޣᾣԵúͨĿ˶֪һλԹϵͳĴǱɱ
Ķɾ䣬һ֮£ͷأȴûܹΰ쵽ġ
̫ˣ
˭
국ȻžؼƮ
Ӧ
ȼĸˣ˿̶ѡ˳Ĭ
ˣЩʧɺҽҹ巣Ա磬˭뱨𣬾ȥҡ
תȥȴʲôħܹŴӲɽ߳תӭ确ޱɽͣ
˵գﳤȥ
͸׷
ʼգ˸
ޱɽҹϡһ׿Ľҹ巣
ŵգȻһơ
ʱȫ𶯡
ҹϣǱ缫ʥңϹʱӴʷλʥˡ
񣬻һλŵʥޱɽ
ҲˣҹӦǱһšޱħ֮ƵǸţ
ɫӡ
ҹ巵һ㲻ȼй֮
ֻתս磬һ⺮ǧݣ
ţ죡
Ǳҹ巵ۣҵõϵͳϿɣһĴڡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һɽ֮⡣
ѵΪħΪλԣӭħǰޱɽͣ
𶯣ҹǰµһ仰Ǹ档

үûؼˡ·ϣ͵ѡ
ʮͲ֪Ϊôҹʵ
ºһЦүô϶ԭġ
ҹ巵ͷԴҽ磬ʢħ֣֮ģҲڮٺͳЦǣЩħĳйء
½磬޿εӰֻ̫죬벻鶼ѡ˺Ц˵
ҿ˳ۡ
ҹüɽΪ˿һħ񾿾һˣѾ˴𰸣ȷһ׿ҫ۵ɾһλǿߣȴܵͷ飬ʵջ𡣡
˵⣬ҹ巴ǷһĨмʮղҲЩνħΪͽֲԸ鷳̫ѿˣ
ԣүʹħ
ǰҿ˳ۡ
ҹ巻ɢһĨ罣ƣ޵˳⣬ҿ˳ۣⲻ˳ⲻ˳һʲôʲô
кܶ޷˳顣͵
Ǿһն֮
ҹ巺ԥԴϣǡˡ佣

ͬʱɽڣѰ˵ӰһƬϵıС
һؿˣͽһƬչ


894 ݵ
ֹϣռؼԼĪǧ֮
ÿһʯԲ٣̦ܲһֳ°߲Ϣ
ؿԶϵıׯž
ǵؿ飬Ϊݵ
ÿһʯϣӡһ·ܵʯͼÿһʯͼɴۼܻ
Ҫͨ˹أѡһʯʯͼӡĴ
Ψܹȫߣſͨ顣
֮һؿ߶ԴԺ⣡

ʱִﱮǰǿֻʣ²ˣֻռ˴βμ۵ƻİɡ
һɶ
ųɰߣǰ۵б̭֣̭ʵȷ̫ˡ
ӹɣִܹⱮǰǿߣԳƵ콾еĶڣûһˡ
ݵ֣ɲĴԵ
ÿһʯϵʯͼӡһִֹͬСһƷһ
۵ƻϣݳ࡯֮⣬ܹԼ档
ҲݳѪֻ֮ǵƷսУȴѪУԶΪս
л춴ϫȵȴԸܣŲͬá
һ콾ϵıǰȣ綢һء
һο飬˳ֹͨԵִŵǰһܹúһִ
ɲѰĻԵǡԵ
ȻʧܣʲôҲˣᱻֱ̭֡
۵ƻУһءݵĿ飬ûκΣտԣ̭ʿߵģ
ͲڲͬʯУɲ˭ܹݳƿġ
෴·ɬѵһ£ס˲֪ߡ
ȺйأҲͻԵйء

Ϲʥ֮ˣʦ˵ĻԵȻУ
һ̣һŵȣȴЩ
Եػʽ޹ͻأز뵽۵ƻУĿͺ棬ΪҲΪ˹ŵϵĴ컯
ΨԼΪһƬֶ
һΣһҪѰٵлԵΨˣܾҵѪ츳
һиһĨᶨ

ƽ˵Ƭֲ򵥣ͨ졮ԵҲ֪Ǽ١˼
ȻɽϹʱһɽλˡտȻԼâӿ
ֹǣһЩҲ
Բͬǰμ۵ƻʱ˽ƬֵȻеĵԵ侪ˡ
ڲμ۵ƻ֮ǰǾƬеĳһʯ
ǵͳ˵ĵ̣ʦųָ㣬ܹǰ׼ҲΪʧĻԵ
ѰɵСˣͨ˹أͽִǹŵǰʱЩһ϶ǧټԸ㡣Ѱ
ѰһЩĲɡ
ΪһִƬ֣͸ܵһ޵ĺӦ֮صıԴһ˿˿Ҫһ
Ѱ𵴣һעȥ
ıԴšԨ񷡱ĳƺţ׵۹ʱͱΪһ츳
ǣиѰ˲ɹĺô֮⣬Դһֱֳһֳ״̬
ǱصİغѰԼԿŵ
ӹɣԨ񷡱⣬򣬵ͨ콣ڵľףҲһɱ½磬ϧΪ˶ȡıԴɱһˣ
Ѱ˽⣬ҲƾȡԼġԴͻͽѱΪŻһޣų֮µһˣ
ѰģһȫµıԴףӨӨӲӣһֱֳŵ״̬
ֻѰ;ƿݣֳ֮״̬ʱŻɢһɹصѰɼ
֮ǰ۵ڶعؼ֮УѰһڡ޵ߡ־ӡսʱƴж޷ȡʤյĹͷǱԴİڼͷźͻҼ޼һսʤ˶֣ջڵһ⽱ƿ
ڣֻǵִⱮǰԴ޶˶˵زһ춯类ĳѰβԾ
ѵⱮĳһʯϲŵĴܹԴĳ̶ֳȵľѣ
ѰȻĶ
Ѱû°ɣԱߣѰһ겻ģЩǣΪڵʲô
ѰȻҡͷû¡
û£ҿڵĵִŵʱѱɣԶɳߡ
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼɳ޼ɡЩˣ¶һĨЦ
Ȼͨ˹أҪִŵǰѾЩˡ
һΣѰЩһˡ
Ӳμ۵һ·ϣЩһӬһ˽иͣѰѾֹܹǵȵòͷȵЩɱˡ

ǹƵٶ쳹Ʈڹϵı֮䡣
ˡ
ͼǧܲ²װ߲ϢʯϣƵ٣̦ڴ˿ȫҷ׹䡣
ÿһʯµĳѣųһɬĴϢأˡ
ЩϢ̫ˣ飬Բͬеĳȼеı̹ǣȶ嫡
е϶͸â
һڴĻɬһĻĻ٣ʱȫǿߵȥ
Ⱦ콾֮˿ɫڴ֮ɫ
˿ԣԵֿɵã
ʱѰǻ֮Ȼȷ̣һѨϣһӨ׵ıԴɢ첨ʳʥĹϼڻͿʲô
ѰʶһܰջᣬԼҿԴɴŵеıʣ
ৣ
һӰǿѾ̲סˣǹϵı֡
ߣ
죬ռˣ
ǿҲͬʱһȿֺ󣬳ʱûҡ
һ۵ֹͬսһԼеʯܱ˽ȵǡ
ʶЩҲһ˿ʱչж
ಣ
ͬʱѰҲѽ̤󤲽ӰһĨ˳ȥٶ֮죬ǿ߶һȻ
ֻǺܿ죬ѰֹɫЩ
ܵˣԴӳоѵһƲǱԵһʯϣԵüۡ
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෴ԽʯصĴԽǿƷԽ׿ͳ
ʶȺۼһѷ˱
ѰҲӰٷ˽ƬֵҲеֲĵط
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ǱʶΪѰȾӦһʱȥͼЩԵġ
ڣƲôҪⱮΧѰһʯݵͺܷˡ
ħѵΪ֪Բ𣿡
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һ˵⡣
ȴѰҲЦˣЦݺ䣬в֪ʱһʽϣȻƽɵİ˽Ǳ


902 дд
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أԭĵϰ鳱ˣһƦ̬ƿڴ
仯̫죬Ѱ΢΢һû뵽ϰ鳾ס
䣡
شϰ鳵ģһѹµ⣬Ƶĺݺݳϣ໴У໰ǲ
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գϰ鳱ѹᶼϢ٣ˡ
أԺܲһݲӲåӣҧгݵţүš
ֱͦͦǣһˡ
ʱһҩӨӨɢŨҩ㡣
ǲʱˣѰһ鳢
һͨ飬ӵǻۣ˲֪£˵׼֪һЩڲɽǲ
һ˼Ѱջʶֱ
ʱ֮ǹŵ֦߳ƶˣɫƣռˡ
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Ϊ컯˭˲Щˣɱ
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أԶɫУҵɱ
Ѱʶɢ˲ע⵽彣ǧλڶԾ
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ӹɣȻһĪĹϴУ
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Ҳڴʱſ͵ϮԼǿߡ
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ѰͷӿԶƵɱղŻȥԸϣΪԩ޳𣬷Ϊ컯Թ
һգۣԷȴһԼˣҺޱȣҪһԼ
ħ񣬽ȷӦ֮˾̾彣̾һϮۣͷ̵٣ٷ硣
ȷʵ⡣ǧӰ۾ߴ뷢ţһ˵š
ΪʲôѰ䡣
д衣彣΢Цڡ
д衣ǧ硣
һ̬Ѱ֪ܴõ𰸣׷ʣԷҲ϶˵
ԽѰɱǿҡ
һ·ϣһֱڽ䱸աɳ޼ɡ׿Щˣû뵽彣λͬƾ콾ͬҲìͷָԼ
ܴʲôԭ˸ղŵľٶѾѰĵߣ
д裿
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彣ǧͫһѰƵı仯˶һۣĬ㣬
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һ࣬ǧǷһĨͻȣ粽գɽͻϢ



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Ѱ̤ǰȭƥѹգһնµƵӲĺ
ԱУƵǿƻ⡣
ǿ
彣һ
ͬʱѰӿһͷӰʮɸߣ¶Уݺײһɱϡ
䣡
ֱɽײǧڷ飬Ѫһڡ
ͬЩԾѰԾŷֶԷʵԶԼԤĻҪǿʢ
ɱ
彣۹ĵ罣£һƵһնֺڰ׶ɫ̩֮󣬿ֲޱߡ
ৣৣৣৣ
ɲǼѣܼĺڰ׽ݺύһƬ貵Ľķ˼
ǾֶΣ־۷壬Զͬҫޱȡ
Ѱ޾壬Ӱǰ壬ãһͷڷתűͽűİ壬֮Ӳ
һʱ֮䣬ձ飬̫ɽڶײŷװĺ
ֲ糱ˮ֣貵Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
Ƭ̣߾ͽʮغϡ
գ彣ͱһȭڿգײɣܵĲѪ
һôǿ
彣Щɡ
ڴʱ͹עѰսֱʼμ۵ؿˣͬѰҪ֣Ҵ⡣
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ֻǣûãͬѰȭˣɫ΢䣬ء
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ħǷʲô£ǵλڴʱԸĳҲ̫˰ɣ
ҲǿȻš
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Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ߣħĳϵͳĴˣЩ۸ʲôħǵĻҿЩһȡħϵ컯ʥ
ҲѰ߷߲ƽ

ʱŵϵһЩ컯еıȡҲе֮ͨززʧ
Ⱥ۲Ϊǹŵɽϻͭٲš
Ƕڵȡ
ֻȴû뵽ʱĿһƿĴս
ԽԽǿ߱ע⵽һԾ

䣡
սңѰڣǿƺȻλļлѲãѡӲӲ
һ̵ٲȻͬһħӰ̤ӳֳ貵Ĺ⣬һִŲơ
彣ǧҲѷɫ߽չֳԶͬսչϵһ罣ߣһһ䲻ͬȴƿֲ

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һǧһһα⣬ʱѰѳɱһ彣ǿ֮
ǧĿ䣬ü両֮սʱǵ޷ɱѰѹƶԸУеصͬʱһ˵ķŭ
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ɣǿֲޱȵһӡط壬Ҳ׵ƻ
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ȴѰǷһĨȣ֮ƣűľȭһȭУŷ
ϣһȭԵÿ͹׾һ˿̻ϢɸһնȻݣѷӿ޷һȭ̺
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Ѱȴûһô˻ᣬȥҪô˻һѹǧ
ħҪ찡
ǿĿࡣ
λлȴѹƣչϮǿƻǧҪɱ
Եùںţ޷

ֻǣѰɱȥ彣ѴһһƹŽڰ׶ļµĹ
ն
䣡
ƥɣ˺ѿһĿĵķ϶ֱնѰͷ­
Ѱתһӡ콵ɽϣ䡣
꣡꣡
һڰ׽εȷ;˿ȴӡѹһϵ
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Ѱһ˶ܺһ־м޵֡
ڣһȴˣ
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һ࣬ǧҲòģųĻڷ飬ղ彣ʱס֣Ǻ롣
˵ɫԱأǴжϳħ񡭡ֻ̤㴫˵еľ۵;򣬶ϲӵ֮ܣ
䣡
ûиǴϢĻᣬѰǰɫԺƳأһģǿƥļơ
ħ񡭡ħ񡭡ĿôĻǿʧૣ𾪵ò֪ˡ



904 
ϣսֻǾѷת䡣
Ѱբͻǿƺƣ彣ǧλѹ̧ͷ
Ⱥ𺳣һĻ֮ǰûԤϵģǿޱȵӾǼ޷
ǵ𣬵ڴǰħҲ˺ɳ˶Ծ
ǿ߸пʱˣɳ޼֣ܳ˵ĺ롣
ҲˣԱǰһԾֵȷЩƵĵط
ֻɳȻͬҲǾۼսѷɫ彣һ
ɾˣ彣ɱѰǿѹƣ
ʱħչ¶ķ緶Ժʱȫͬˡ
۵һؿʱһŰһȫµĴһƾƷĵС
۵ڶؿʱڼ֮жõһһ⽱ӹɣսڼ֮ĥ£ҲȻ˷츲صɱ䣡
ڸϣմѡƾܱӣ˳о
λӦħΪÿһ̨ףսͻᷢʵɱ򣬵ʱɳܻһ֮УͱѰŵòòâĶӡ
һλǿ߽зԵü侲ǣ˿㽫Ѱսǿ
ͬڵƿʱħһ񣬿չֳȴھͬλ֪ǿĹؼħǿȻζӵųĳǱܣ
ڵؿУħĴɾԲǡдǰ򵥣һʯΪλԻ٣ǰδ֮¡
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˵⣬һǿ߽һֲƼգȻ֮С
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λǿƣ£ҶȻǼӡȾ콾е伶֣ܿ޷ѹסħ񣡡
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жϣһǿͷħ񡭡ǿᵽز
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֮ȣ彣ǧԵðѹƶ˱ܣҪ̧ͷ
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ȺиӣĪ˿̵һսԣѰһֶһ޶գ

ۣ
һα彣ջûסпѪ
ɫ࣬ˮһ˵ı;ŭѰǿһһδԤܴ
һ࣬ǧأڿֿ
Ѱʼնñһ˫ȭͷȴȾﶼ£ɽХ磬޼᲻ݣſֲѹкһеļơ
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ҲЩǿϲ֣ʱŵʣµЩͭûκҪŵĺۼĻǿɲΪ˿־Ҫ컯

ŵ죬ԽϾԽǴ׳֦ƲһԹ
ɫ翣Ͻ紩а㡣
彣ǧӵļ죬ȴӲѰʶۼٶȣȫת󤲽Ѱٶȸ죡
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彣˺޵֮ǰѰѹƣǱһеͷŭֱѰЩҲס
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ȻҪΪУǾǵ׼ɣ
Ѱ쳹Ұֹ˵彣ģҲ˵ǿġ
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ǺǣΪҪӣѰɹЦɫˡ
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ֻǣ׷ˣȻ䷢
ͼ˷Уֳһһᦣ飬£һ֮ĺϡ
ɲǼ䣬Ѱ
ͫȻһƴ

ҡҷͷų糱ˮܼƣɬ£Ƭ
˲ѣѰǰȻһ䣬˷һƬããʲôҲûˣҲκγ·ʶҲ޷֪硣
һ󣡡
Ѱ˲ʶһλʦϽ꣬жϳһ˸ᦣѵһġ󱦡
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͸£ôҪһӵ֮Ĺ󱦡
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ǴֱʣΪ˶Ըң󶼱óˡ
Ѱ䣬ɫĿ¡
ʶһǰ׼õ壬͵Լ
ͬʱѰҲףΪ彣Ҫˣ֮ԲõƣҪ䵱նԼյнɱ
˵ǵĵƣ
úݵĻ
һУѰҲһΪ˶ԸԼЩõֶξԿǺ֮
ѰҲƾ⣬ɱƲס
ֻǺܿ죬Ѱƽʶɢʼȫ֪
ǿߣѾֻϧ彣ֻ¾û뵽ҪԸѰһλʵʦ


905 ֮
ܻɬ糱ˮڣ˸˵ԡ
⣬彣ǧüأԳ֮ɫ
סѰһ֮ǰսأԸе;ŭ
ǺǣħҲˡ
һЦУ߳һȺӰȻɳ޼ɡˡ
ɫԴһ˿ڵĵ⣬иԳһ̣ͬ׭ŲͬͼɢɬڿƲԶ
ܹħУλ޼ɱȭ彣˵
ؿ彣ȻǸȡѡ
޼ȻַģҵֻΪɱѰѰϵ컯ʥԵλС
彣ǧɫŻࡣ
Ȼ֮Ԥıнк޼ҪɱѰ彣ǧѰϵ컯ʥ
󲻻ʲôɣ
ԱߵɳüʵЩǣʵǱѰսˣѰһ˵ļɵ
ģ֮󡯣Ƴһ˸ս϶ɣһУȻϹˣ
նдһĨ⣬һܿһ
д󶨡
٣һħɾڽˡɳԹ⣬һָĳС
Ϊץʱ죬ͷҷַӾܽˣ
޼ɫ°
⻰һ彣ǧһĺջħôɿѹƵ̧ͷ
޼ȴ˵Ȼ˶Աȣӳĵ޼ɶȲ
彣ͷϻˣϽɱʱȡ
ŵʣµЩͭò˶þͻţɲʱ˷ʱ䡣
Լǡ
޼˵ţѾɳһչжתһ̡
䣡
Ʒ
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ɲǼ䣬Ͽļ֮أа׻Ѳ߮ȸ裬̾ᣬ䰺ףغɢǿߵĽƲ

죡ǺεȾϢ̫ɲˣħУܻ𣿡
ԶѾǿ߸ϹĿһУԾڣɫ䡣
һ壬һھһ𲼾֣Ҫһٻɱħ񣡡
ע⵽Ǵ֮⣬޼ɵ˺彣ǧǻһѾԱһС
ħҪ군ˡ
Ҳǿ̾Ϣ
ħεȸһλܣһ˴½ɱ޿ƾԼһ֮ͽƣǿһС
ȴҪѪڹŵϣⲻòͬϧ

Уһ
Ŵתͼкµӣûеһڣˮϯʯ䣬һƬĩֽٵľ
ߣֻѾΪ޷ܣްֻܵȴ
ѰУһеĹֻɲͬͼɬ£ֲޱȣɲû
ৣ
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ʱǵصױ类ѨȻ
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ʱУɱɱĴУѰȴͥɢһɱٻ⡣
ΪɱѰ
Ѱ磬ɨ񷣬ããɬڸǣ֪ԷڴԼĶ
ϴɾӵţ֮ʱȡ׼ѩޣѰԴƽȴ͸űƥɱ
ѰջĿ⣬ӰٿȻһλõʧ

޼ɻһͫղһ˲·оѰĿңңԼ
һĿ⣿
ƽĮɫԨ͸ɱ

һ࣬ɳҲɫһ䣬޼һһֱѰĿĸо
⣿˵ϹҲᱻɱ𣿡ɳ̲סʡ
һƣĿܻ©һӦҲͨһʶſԻΪġ
üʵҲЩɣ˵һ־ߣһϹֵܱѰɡ
Ψһܹ͵ģѰҲžտ裡
λǵöȫˣ
һҧӿֺɫ˵ĵѾѡ񣡡
λǻ޼Ŀ⿴彣ˣ߽ԵͷӦʡ
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ڣ龰Ȼһ䣬ɲ
裡
һƬɫããɽڣһͷɽ

һƬɫƵУһͷɳİ׻ɢĿ罣Ľ⣬ɱֲޱߡ

ϷһƬ۽УһͷȸչڿգѤǧʺĻ棬ȼգٻǬ
ˣ
ããϣһͷ֮֫ÿһ£ôݣ㡣
Լ䣬ɢһɹϵĻɬ٣ѹһ磬ɨ˻ϡ
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䣬ɱ䣬λǧ˿иֻ»ᱻԷץסᣬһ񣡡
޼ȻԲҷġ
彣ǧЩɻɱһ־߱һֻ϶ףΪħʱȴ⣿
ѵ
Էлеƣ
˲ѣԺðͬһͷʥ
ҲΨʥܹѰһ־мֵڣ
֮ǰڸϢڴѰ컯ӵʥϢʱ˻ЩŽɡ
ڣȴ¶϶Ϣģ
һ뵽⣬оƲסӿһĨҵ̰
ڹŵϵ컯ħص컯ҲСˣй֮޲



906 һȭ
УѰӰ绯͸Ϣ
ˡ
УһĴָϸӨ֬Сƿ籡Ĺϼӿ첨
˷ӿĽͱСƿϢûޱȡ
ƿ
ѰɫЩԭֻһ̽ȴû뵽СƿȻ
ܹܵĹ֮ͼ̺İԱСƿԭⲻƿڡ
ȻǼñֹûܣ֮ʵ̫ˡ
Ѱо̾ƿ۵ڶؿлõ⽱Ҳһͬ챦
ֱֻڣѰҲȫھ
ţ
ѰȻע⵽СƿûԽԽ࣬Ө͸ƿԼԼֳһЩɬơ
ͬʱСƿʼ̣˲ڱ͵ƣƿˮҪ
ѰԼʶȥƿأСƿʱٲȶƿֳӲӵɫ
֮øǿƿ˷ӿĽƹԱư
Ѱӿһ
ƿǲҪƣ෴ҪܣĲǹؼ

ûУ
⣬ɳЩͷֲޱȣͬģƿȴΪķ
ʦǿ߲ݣȻӦ֡
ɳһеľɱϾֻ־ΪѣȻֲٿش󣬿ʱˣضԲ
ûС
ҲЩѿϢ΢ɫЩ԰ףҲЩԲ
ô
޼ɫһֲԤС
һ
ΪֱȴȻɱһ־ꣿ
ǲڿǣΪҸоҵԽԽˣɳ
죡ʲôʱˣΪҺħһգüܲá
ȥҪһӣ˭֧Ųס;ƿݵĴУ޼һŬԼ侲
١һ°ɡ˿ҲҴƱˣջһҧ
Ǿƴһ¡޼ɳ
֮ǰǣѰʱνϲ񣬿һȴɫѿɲﻢ¡
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ܼ򵥣Ψǿߺʦܹȫӳ޼ǲƣʵǿҲ̫ԶһЩ©ʧҲ
彣ɫƽнͣοħʥǰױɱģ

ʲô
ԶȺҲʶԾճԣһת˲ֳܷ
ڶȥһյʱ䣬ȴٳٲһԵúܷ
òƷɣ
ǿߺɣ˵ĻȴѪƷһƵĹűӴ񶼲֪ж£
ֳô󶯾ȴһڣ⡭ǲЩΣϷʡ
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ǺǣôȴԸħһˣǺǡǺǺǡ
Цһ˵ĳŪϷʡ̡ڿζ
һӣ޼Ҳܲˣбɱһ˵ĳ嶯
彣ǧҲüѣЩɿˣԤħǶ˿ɾͶˡ
λҪæ彣ʵ
ɲ뿴˴õĻᱻ˷ѵĻɲֹǶ˵⣬ܻħķ
ֻǣ˻һ޼ˣΪǲ
ˣҵԿԽ޼ǰԷݣתޡ

ҪŲסˡ
Ѱע⵽ȻԼȫתҲ޷ƴƿֿʼˡ
ಣ
Ѱɣ˴ƿ𣬾ʼ

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ɳ۵ͷ󺹣ϢֻǺܿͿϲѰټ
죬ȫΧ
޼ҲϲѰǱʶΪѰҪ֧Ųסˡ
¡
ɲԺء
彣ԼԶǿҲһʱ䷢˾Ʋ仯Ѿ뼴ֳʤʱ
һӣ˵Ķ

ҪֳʤˡԶĵطմǷһĨ΢ЦڵԱߵļ̸
һھ֣Ҷ֣ȻӮҲʣᱻЦɫ񾲣ѩ
ܷ֮ϣͱҲһǿľЦ
Ҫ̤֮ϣֻܿԼһˡȻ޷ͬյĹ۵㡣
͹ƺЩ̿ӱüͷײ塣
Ȼңȡ۸˵ķɱУ֮ʤ֮䡣
ո̾͹ǡ
ֻʱ򣬼ȴɫһԶһӿֳһĨɫ
ӣиһ˿䣬ɵ˳żĿ⿴ȥʱɫҲһб˵Ĺ

䣡
Ĳֲˣһ¯Ҫ
޼ɫɭȻĿޱȣħѾ˽ýʱ
彣ǧ׼ԴֻȻɱѰ֮󣬾͵һʱȥȡ컯ʥ
ħҪֲס𣿡ԶһЩǿɫãӡ
ܹмֵѾƾˣȻӢҲػ쳹硣
ţǣ
ܿ죬ǿ߾ͳԾ֣ڷڰתɲ֪ʱѰӰȴѳڴ⡭

ħˣɳЦ˴룬˿ȴеǰδеϲúͿܡ
Ѱһɵϴ֮ǰֳܵ裡
𣿡
Ȼܻժͷ­
˵⣬ɳһ㶣͵ʶԾһ߸ߣĿؾУ㡭ʲôʱģ
ҡҸոճԱߣѰЦúܲã˫ָŲӲӵԣƻá
ɳɫһӱþޱȣд㵣зŭգҲһ˵ľš
ԴҲû뵽Ѱôؾʹ߳ˡ
㡪Զ޼ɺҲɵۣо˻þ
Ե̫棬ǿᷢ飿
ֹǣԶһֱǿ߶ǣĿɿڴʲô
䣡
ǷӦѰѺȻӰ壬ɲǳɳǰָ£Ϊȭ콵ɽݺѹ
飡
⧲֮£ɳȻݣ걬飬ѪŽȻ


907 ħ֮
֮ǰѰУǿ߶ΪѰվҪֻʱ⡣
Ͼǿһھֲٿص󣬿ֲκǿ߾
£˭̬ᷢת
˼ǣתԲƻѰȴȻش߳ˣ
̫ͻأ⧲£˭û̷Ӧ
ֱɳһȭɱеǿ͵ѡ
Ѫˮ䣡
ɳһλȴסѰһȭɱѪȵһĻȫȻױѹ
޿飬ħûбɱ֪ػ߳ˣ
㡭󵨣
޼ɾŭӣͬʱֺȻκβħ⻹ô
󵨣˵𣿡Ѱ˵ʱѳдޣһӻ޷̡
ڴʱһͽҪڵִŵǰʱһնԼ˿֣ҪɱԼ޷ܡ
䣡
Ѱɱħ£ȫȻ
ߣ޼ͫɭȻԥԼɱﵡ
ϣ
齵ħӳ磬ƮĿֲ
ৣ
ͬʱһĨӨѩķдѰӳѰѷһϴǰ㱻һֲ

ײֱڽ棬λڽֲԣ
ɲǼ䣬޼ɻһޱȣѪŭǣĺ齵ħһڣ㱻նϣѡ
еһ䲻ȴԶڣֻǳν棬ȴش
ӣ
޼תӣ֮ǰ˴ɱﵶˣĻеȥѰ
ֻǣһģڼʱѰѱռȻһư¡
Уӡ£貵Ĺ⡣
飡
޼ɸһתɲǣϾͱӡݺУʱһ˱ķɣڿѪǰڣʹ֮²ʹȥ
Σ֮ʱ̣һӣ˵һһѺڹƵͭɡſεأԳǬá
ͬҲ޼ɵɱﵣǬɡޱȣɡ渲ƣܹһй֡
ѰҪϾɱͲĵ߳ɽʱܵϵȫ޼ɫ࣬вʵѻ֮
ʵ޷ħ˿ֲɱսҲֲ
Ѱ˫ŭڣǶԷһҪأһҪɱͷһܺߵģһſвֱ̡

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޼ɫ䣬ûɳʲô˱̬׺᣿
ΣޱȵĹͷʱӶһ๣ɫսն
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ʱѰ׷ᣬ޼ɣ
Ц滢ļһʹޣɴ˴βֳӺ⣬޼ɵֱʡ

ϲϣǧѿѰƿصһм䲻һ
͵ޱȣɲһЩǿŲѷɫʥܣ
ٵȵȡ彣ȴЩסѰ𺳣еޱȵļɵ
ȻԼһЩƣܿ޷κѰ

ѪսݣѰ߳󣬾ʹ⧲֮һȭɱɳ
˿̣ɱ޼ɺɾǰɣõԶսȺ۽Ա壬㱡
꣡
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ΪɴӲǱĳ;֣˶һֱٱļ
Ҳܣɱﵣ˴컯̣ȴûܻɱѰ˳ޱȵĴ
ֱ˿̣ζߣݱܷâսȴܰ첻Ϊ¶ӶݵͷͻᱻѰǿأ
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䣡
Ƭ̣ǬɡͱãȻ飬һޱȵĹű١
֣Ǵʱ֣ʱ
޼ɾִУѾƵٱҪŲסˣһϣ彣ǧϡ
ĺǣԼȣȴɫĮȻ޶ԣ
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Ⱥۿ۾ֱˣ޼ɣɳǱɶվһĹϴħ˵ɱɱˣѵһ˼ɶûУ
޷
Уˣе֮ǰһֱѰĶȴûһ½磬޿꣬˺͹
ˣ
ѰĿ⿴ȥĺԨ׹ߣɷס
һˣ

һħ
Ȼ˿̶еˣЩڵѰһ޼ɣɵĻħ
Ī£ڣħ
ڴʱԶ彣ˣһХɱսһƹŽ⣬ͻͽ⼤ʮء
䣡
ͬʱǧһƥ
ʲô°ܽѣɱ˭ס𣿣ѰϺȣâʢȭɱ
޵ʺͶԷûжԹȴԷ͵ϮЩУոǱԷƭһĲõУͨһһξԻᱻĨɱС
һվҪͷǵôߣϧ
ৣ
ӿգɱ彣ͬʱӿһͷѩױӰײǧ
Լɱ
һˣ˿ȴλȥƱ󶯵
磬Ż˭ôд˭ǿƣ
䣡
ҡضըǧɾѣѰֱӾɱǰ
彣ɫ࣬ȵң
ǧ
ͬʱתӣ־ױѰ޿ƥУû˻ָ֮彣ܹԼˮ֮С
ϧӵ죬һ˿ѰԺȭϣ޳Ľ˲䱬飬Ѫɡ
ͬʱ彣ǧҲɱȴѰһͷӰ֣ߵĹȫӲ
¡
﷢ֲײ磬ԶȺ۶Ѵǣԡ
ʲôħ֮
˿̵Ѱڹͳƣ


908 ͫ
彣ǧվûܾѰɱѪɣѪޱȡ
Զսǿ߽ڣ̫ǿˣ˵ɱɱλﶼ޷赲
ϵǣɱԪٿȻһֻӰԶӶȥ
ȻĹͷ壬ŽұסԪ
ͼѰз֮İͷţɫɢȥ
䣡
ԪشޱȵļУֱ߽
գֻʣһƲлߡ
Ѱ飬ڴʱ̣彣ǧɱ͡
ѰѰ·彣ŭǧһʩȣһͳоûӡ
ѱԣ浱κβǣѰתĿ£ԥ彣ˡ
ߣŭ׺彣ˣһƻ飬޷̡
ҪµˣҲ彣ͬɫ࣬ɢֲϢ
ٳѰֱɱȭ貵Ĺâѹղɫ䣬ֲ̫
ңɢɫԣÿһ缡ԲĵϢһɫհҫۡ
䣡
彣ǧδܣһƿصƹŽһӶѰɱ
֮ǰʾֻҪ㣬ĪΪ㲻ɣ
彣ͳȻ̧ͷӢϲɱ˫̹ǡ
ӰɾΣһسɴ磬һƹŽƮһܼĵƷţӲ꣬ɲ֮

ʹĤײ쳹߽ûܣӲһ
һʱ䣬ֳѡճ»ٵĳ񺿣Ŀϯ

ôһ˲䣬˼棬ײʮΣ۷֮춯ء
òϣ֮ǰһκѰս彣ȷʵǿ࣬һƹŽչ¶ǰδеƣõսҲˮǴߡ
գûҲѪˣɫһӱѿޱȡ
ǿѰǿ
ؼǣУѰںǧսһ˶Զ£أǿƥ彣ܲŭ

ãӨ貣һǾâɨ彣Ĳ
һƳն䣬Ʈ󱻽飬ҷ
彣ȻһٲҺ˼룬̫ǿ󣬳ļ֡
ѰӰã貵ڣ˸ŲգʶٿضжԾ彣ںǧɱ
ȭȻѷɫ֮͡񱩣춯أ޼᲻ݣһͷԶħ
䣡
ûãǧҲˣĶˣоǾºͺȻѰ̫ǿòѡܡ
֪ˣղž͸һֽɱ
ǧޣԽԽڣʱѰ޼ǶԾʱӦù϶֣ӦѡԹۣװ״ʧһûᡣ
ʱ֣Ҳһ
ѰЦһﻹ˵ȻúԼռ˴Ƶġ
ڣ͵תսʥƶȻһ䣬һη޵
¡
Ӱ壬ʩչűֻǴʱȭѱòֻͬƶѣԶһǿߵֱӱ壬еͿ־塣
ض𵴣ֲĶս㱼䣬Ѱһħں죬ң
⡭Զ𶯣ƵƵӿ˸
ֱǿˣļ𡭡ɫƽʵҲǲԱ򶨡
飡飡飡
ǧ߾ȫֿȴһһȭһ·ĺˡ
ǿѪһƬɫɷޱȣ嶼ںݺݳ鴤
ܵشѰѹƵȫڱУ㱻ҵ
飡
ֱӵɳȥߵķƵġ
ͬʱ彣ĴҲ᧿ΣѰתսʥеҲһأâɱ֮Ǭ
һƹŽҲϣһѵӡ彣򳤷ɢ飬¶ļϾһѪۣѪ
Ǳͷųĵˣ
Զǿ߶ѳ״ǡ
ɳһȭɱ޼ɱšϲӣֻʣһƲлӡ
ڣ彣ǧҲȫѹƣܲصһаѰӳĶ޵Уֲޱߣ
һ̤־еľ֮·ֲø˺޼ɡͫɱһʵ޷ƽˡ
ĬȻ׶ǵһκѰսĳʱԼԷ̤˾ǿ;ֻȴҿ϶
ڣֻǽһȷĲ²⡣
ʱз䡪
ͼȫѹƵǧطһŭ𣺡ܾˣȥɣ
ৣ
ͷĴٿȻһֻĿһ¶âīֲѰ
ͫԶպͼɫ΢䡣
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ǣһɫâ̺𷨵˲ѣͳѰɢҪĨɱڵı֣
ǿ֮ٵѰ˾͵ڷˡ
ѰڵˣǧЦ
𣿡
һߣͼѰ绯һڶɬ֮

ɲǼѣѰڵ쳣һգ丵βʣ򴦵˿ڶڿϡ
⡭ǧһ׻Щ¡
˿ֳ̳һּ״̬һ˵ƣ˥աͫҲƴвǿʩչ
ΪɷϵѰ˭룬գۼѣѰûһ׻ָ˹
ֹԶպͼһľħЧ
ôܣ
ʱǧѾ׷޷ʵҪٴʩչͫɻʩչѿѪûԸ
;ƿݣʩչڶ

ʱѰɫѱ
֣
Σͷǧð彣ȣ룬ȴŭޱȵһĻ
вϴѹ彣ڴ˿̳ӣʼգйκҪļ
һӣǧڱͱһĶˣŭʵ޷Լѻʱ
䣡
ȭǧңܣ˲ţɳƵĵɳȥ
ŭĿԲԶԶӶݵ彣ɼ޳ʲôˡ
ͨһڰϣؿڴһĿĵѪѪȪӿ
ǧѵŤͷſѰ¶Թޱȵɫ϶Ѱ㡭ɱҵģҡ㱨
û˵꣬ѱе


909 컯
ǧˡ
ǰ˲ʺ;彣һ̵ıѣңܶûüͱѰһȭš
Ⱥ۴ǣԣ޷һսһ
֮ǰ彣ǧ˺޼֣ǰ壬ѰһС
˶ΪѰϣעҪɱʱǿ߻̾ϢѰеֵ
ɺһУȴ˼һзת
˭Ҳû뵽һɱϹĴȴѰɾ߳𣬳˼ζ
󡪡
ɳһȭɱ޼ɱšϲӣشֻʣһƲлߡ
һжԵþףӳĶѰˣսʤ
ֱʱǧɱ彣̶ֻӣȺǳױ壬ԴЩ£ǡ
ǿһھһиɧҫޱȣ
ȴһһ٣أǱѰһԵ̫ס
ǴȥעҪ𵴣

ţ
УѰȥ׷彣ȴע⵽ǧɱоǸֳһֻĿɢɫ׵⻷ޱȡ
ͫ
ѰͫһֻǲӦͼһֻĿͨ㣬ٿȻʢ׹⣬ЮǧʬٿȻʧС
ٶ֮죬Ѱ赲
ɫһǧǰһ仰
Ѱɱҵģһ㱨𣡡
ΪֻĿԵ𡭡Ѱа̾ЩȻǰɱģϲ̫ౣĵƣ߿ɱȡ
Ѱǿȷ¾ǧĿܣҪָȴǶʱܹ쵽
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սޱȣջҲܴɳ޼ǱɱϵıҲͳѰսƷ
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µһ׹̣ܲһ
ˣЩ֮ǰһЩ컯ҲѰ֮
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֮ǰѰɱһھһĻĻǰ˭ıӵʱսƷ
Զͫâӿƴջûвȡκж
Ϊβ֣ȻĿ⿴գɱӿ׽
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΢΢һЦɫָһʱ䣬ҵġ
ĻɱѰһ˿ɫ
մ΢̣һĨζĻȣಫ͹Ҳ԰쵽һɣ
ÿɷתȥ
Ҳ⣬̧ңңԶѰһۣҲת뿪

ˣһΪǻ̲ס֣Ҳʼý䱸;ˡ
ɨսƷѰ̧ͷɨһԶüͷײ塣
֮ǰں彣ǶԾʱע⵽ڰлһЩǿϢעһС
ˣѶֶΣɴػɱ֣ѡ彣
֮ͬû뿪Ҳڵȴ뿴һ˭
ɳѰϣҲûվȻղŵһսѾͽ䱸Զ֡
Щ鷳ˡ
Ѱ˼⣬һСľֻΣգ
ѰǲʲôһЩƣΣգҲκα
ৣ
ûãѰӰһսƷʧڳС
ħ񰡡̬ƣԺһУ˭֮棿
ҲֱѰ뿪ԶսȺŸҳۣһ֮
Ҳֻмӡǵܹħɣ
ɱ˵Ѱоʲôʥܹ쵽һ
ҲڼЦħοͱ죬˴鷳Щǰɱģܹ뿪ɵ߳ɽһ̣ͻᱻϹﶢϣɱ
ѣѣСĻӿڳԺĪҪڱħǷǣһ޼ɵˣŲʲôݺɱ󣡡
ûãȺ۽Ըȥ
ղŵս𺳣϶ԣǸĹŵϵ컯ͻԵ

ʱ򣬴˴εִŵϵһǿߣ룬ǿ֮ǰļɱ䣬ڴˡ
ҲһЩǿʶΪ˱Ƿᵽ컯Թѡ˱ܣعŵ£ٲ뾺
ʱڹŵ̻ǿߣҲֻʣһСǿߣЩԶ콾еľ
աȵȵȡ
ֻ˶еǣڵһֵ컯֮󣬹ŵϽʣµЩͭٳٳٲš
һʱ֮䣬Ⱥ۽ݷھȺսɱҲʧ
ʱһһţŵϵҲԽԽžѻȸ
ɫڹһյյͭ籡⣬ƻãʥࡣ
Ϊλ컯٣ǿ߾ɣ̫ˣ۵ƻԲһ
һԤУ˴컯ʱעͬѰһǰδеĴ컯ǡһ컯Ҳܻʹ˵
Ҳڴ㽡
ʱѰѴӴѻָ۷״̬ΪԱ֮ǰ˾
Ҳ˹ŵķʶִ֮ڸ
£ѰʼһһսƷ
˴̤Ϲŵջķᡣ
ǻһ󺱼ϡۻѪʯѹһͨľҩ
һѪսõսƷǾˣĹűҩĵȵȣʮ֮ࡣ
жõһ๣ɫ䵶С顯崫Ĺű
ǧжõһˣСħǴһλʥƵĹ屦
ˣɳġڤꪡ޼ɵġ⡱ȵȡ
ÿһޱȣȴ֮
ջ鵤ҩ͸ɫģĿ͸ˣ߱ãĿֵɹ
ɴˣͿԿЩĵ̺侪ˣǳڹϵͳУյԴ֮ҲԶԶһߡ
ĴҪأ·أڵһλ֪ǺεȹؼҪ
˶Դ֧£ֻ¾һͷܿǣһͷͨˣ
Ѱԣ˴ջĶģһƤһ
ƤɫģǴǧжõġ컯
ǣƤһɫĵѰ޷򿪣
Ѱǵãʱ彣ǧڼװһƤԼ⣬͵Ϯ
˵ǿжϳȻŵһ컯


910 һ컯
Ƥһɫ˿һ޷򿪡
ȴɫԣԼԼһƵƤƮʥж
ĺ죡
Ѱǿ񻨾۶ĲΣɾ޷̽Уеİء
ѵƤмصİ̫ɬߣԶԶԲģ
Ѱ
ʶƤĹؼϱߵһ˿ߵĽɫϡ
ϸĦ֮ȴһΪɫƵϢһĵʥζ
Ʈɢ쳹ԽɫơƤصİؾԲͬѰ
ãѰŽСսֱȻĿһϡ
һ˸˰ɣС֮󡱣ּһ
һԹ֮֮ͨĽƲɱǿߣ
˵һ״ɱ
ҲΨʦǿߣܽİغȫͷų
֮ǰǲ´ʱһô󣬿ɷӳɱȴȫܵɣ
ϸĦһһаغѰҲһ£ҿ϶ղǻһλʦ֣Լֻ»˲ͱɱ
ϧôֹķҪƷΪ֮ԴĴ̫ˡ
Ѱһ̾
ΨвޱȵϣԴԴϵؽתܹá
ϾƷĴۣ˵һߣЩϵͳĴˣֻ¶ѳܵ
һʺ裬ȥһˣ
ܹɱϹָҲܻ㡭ѰԾɱﵣײᶯá
ҵǣĴУѹγ˽Ʒ衣
ȻҲ֪תҪĴۣʶǰ׼á
ԵǣȲǿߣҲǾͨһʦ׼ٳ㣬Ҳ޷ӳһ׽Ƶܡ
ˣ
أžõĹŵڴ˿¾ѣɢһɾ˵Ļɬ
ɲǼ䣬貵ɫԴͭ˵
ֹѰ˿̷ֲ֮ڸǿߣڵһʱ䱻컯Ҫ

ɽ⣬Ҳڵȴнƣɻ󣬹ŵ̫ˣⶼȥʱأһ˿ҲûС
òʲôɡдü
Ҳڴʱ¡һͼԶɽɽȻޱȵɫԣֱ񷣬Ʋ㶼ɢ
һʱ֮䣬ءɽӡԱȾһٶʥɫ޷ͻͺ嫡
⡭
߱壬۾󳹵׷ˡ
϶Ǵ컯Ҫˣ
һӣȴĶǶѵȴãǰݵʥһĻǽʶһμٵ컯עǰδУͬ

Ĵ컯Ҫˡŵ£ͬΧ£ǿߣΪ˱ǰӹ£Ըٲϡ
ɵĿһĻʱ̲סˣԾԾԡ
һЩǿ߸һҧٶȶ˹ŵǲľôţԸѷĴԵ
Σգܶ컯һиֵã
ֻǣڰ;ǾɵۣǣΪǵҰУʣµЩͭٻûţһһл
ô£
˴㵣أԲԼ۾
һƬƬл֦ϰ䣬ʧȥƮУͻҷʧ١
һյյͭ٣ɶһ컯
ڣڵлͿήǼֱһ컯ԼǰʧһȺĶڲԽܡ
ô
쿴Щͭŵӿ֮ǿߴС
һﾪˣǿҲһ̷ΣЩ֮ͭԵлΪ̺ʧ
һεɣǣţ֮ڵλû۶ȥ
򣬴˿һɫ̫ڷ⣬â貣Ʋߴҫ۵˼¡
ڹײڲɽ֮⣬ؿ
죬ǡ
Ȼڲͬǿ߶¶ݣΪǲһ̫һ京ŵͭ١
ֻΪĹ̫貺ʹĿضһִտյĴ
һ컯Ǿǵһ컯ǰδСŽ񺱼עͬ
һλϹʧૣ¡
ҲˣǶһεĵһ컯Ե̫ͬˣ۵ƻȫһ
ΪɴӲ飬ͭ컯ڰ㣬ӿΨһһͭ٣̫졣
ֱһȺӣһλ߽

ˣ
ջȻ䣬ޱȣӰһʧԭء
Ҳ֪˴εĵһ컯ǺǴУһʥĳ䣿
һ˼ţҲⲽӰ翣Զȥ
֮٣ǰδеĴ컯ҲһΣͿ˭ͽˡ
˼޳ӨӨ⣬һֻɻ˰ʥҫۡ
å˵ʲô
Ѱ׼жʱȴزǱѹֱеһײΣֹһ䣺컯ƾҲȾָҲ룡
֪ߺߣҾ͸㣡ϼһ˵һҩȴһå
䣡
Ѱһ㶼ֱѹåĥҽУԻ
գˣһģǲɽĸڣʥѪᾧӸظ˵ƾЩν콾޸ܣ֣֮
Ѱһݣå֪һЩʲô
˵㣡ѰʣɭȻһѹǣƴ
ԸåͱԱƱԲܸκκ
ʲô֪åŭС
Ѱһåȴ˵Ȼ
ƼˣºݻСӣھɱң֮գһŪ㣡
һŪֱҧгݼåֵ쾡¡
ʵ޷һӵǻ۵ľҩӵһֶӵåԸ
գѰ˱ʣһ˼⣬תڴȥ
˵åûо˵ʲôݣȴѰ˽⵽һ̺ͭģһʥķѱѪĴ컯ɽĸ
ɺܾˣʥйأ֪컯εȲ
ŵ֮ڣɫϼӲˣһͭٺţ籡ޱȵĵ⡣
¡¡
һһĵͭдӴ𵴣ع
ѰִƬʱաȵȾԼһЩǿ߶Ѿˡ
еĿ⣬ˢˢһͭϣɫ졣



911 
ۣ֮ƶˣ˵ϼ翣Ͻ硣
ִʮ˺ϱĹŵɵĶһͭչһĻ
ֻȭͷСȴų⣬һյ֮ƣǬɽӡ
翶ĵ쳹ĺģ
ϸȥǺŵĻǡʮƬ꣬ÿһչֳͬϢۼӡϣޱȡ
ʮʮţȥһ㡣
˻֮һۣ֮ǡǶȥ֮һһԪΪ֮ʼ
˻֮컯طͬСɣ
ǿૣɫ価𺳺Ϳȡ
УաȵȾǿ߽ԶѵִĿȿ˸޷ƽ
ӹɣǵһ컯
ѰҲһ̾Ψһһͭʵ̫첻
컯Ϲһʥ˺ķѱѪǵҲˡ
ѰҪСģѾɱģǧҪţأѰϴһö
Ѱɫȴ˲жϳ԰Ϭ˿վߡ
һĻˡ
Ѱǵãڲμ۵ʱʮĴ˲
ɺȻд붼ڿбֻ̭֣ʣ°ϬǺһִ˵ء
֪ѰӦ⣬ղҲȥգ
⣬ձ̤Ͼǿ;лʥǳеһ֮ӵпֲޱȵɱȰ㡭
ϬԵúܽǺ͵ǣѺȰѰ
ѰţӿһĨů˵ڶ࣬ͬҲвѡ
Ϭɾ֮һ
ϬӦһ¡ѰҺշͻһҪϽ
ϬһһĨ֮ɫһ̾ʶһԾѺٸı䡣
ΪգѰǵΪˣעԲһ

ಣ
أǿ߰಻סȳҪǰһ̽
ɻȿͱһɫɨɳȥݺݵʮ⣬ɫ粻
ǿ߼ˣжʱһݣѹ̰ͳ嶯Ҷ
Ц컯٣Ҫȶ֣ǻòͷˡ
ʱƣһͭ貣޷ӣһһĵ궼ڡ

Ȼ䣬һͭˣ籡ǧ⣬صն
ֻǰȻһƬٿȻһɾ
һ죬֦ҶԴỤ̃ҡҷ涣£һӹϵĵ
ؿ翣лϹʱһϢ
룬ʮӰֱϥϣŮ٣ģ䲻һһʥͨ죬һزΪ֮ηĴϡ
ƺ۵гӯŻʡº͡򼤰ڶһζڻصһֱĵ
һʱ֮䣬˶ǣɫ㱡
УһƵʶԶԺͷޣһƬʶϥڵϡ
ѰҲ⣬һ̵һŴ¶ӣججл㱣֪𣬲֪գȴȻȻᵽһֵϡ
һƵ⣬ӨӨ⣬תݡ
㱼䣬·𿴼ƣչᣬһ廨׹һƽѵضӿ
һʥ۵ؼһɺׯľ
ֻǺܿ죬һʧ˽͵شӸղֻ㱵״̬ѹ
Ǿͷ֣Щ䲻ɵڣֻǿյģ۵һʥӰԼһϲԴĴʧ
⡭
ͫһѵǵһ컯
ǿ͸
̫ˣղŵһĻĻԺвԲΡ
ζţ컯Ѿ٣ǰȴҪ̽Ѱ٣
ˡ
ϢأһɻɬĲɢʱ䣬˾ͿԼ³һš
һϥ£ʱ䣬ͼ⣬ؼ쳹һƵ֡
ѵܴУ
ǿ߼ˣԺԥϥϡ
ʱؼ糱ӿк£ÿһǿ߽ԡУֱ˴ˣԵúܹƽ
ҡ֮Ѱжʱֳһ
ʥУǾĴУǹеľĵá
ɣĵø
ѰǱĲԪ֮ھܣĻʱǿ͵Ϯ
ϸתţ֮ġط򣬹ĦЩ΢УĴܴ
㱼䣬ݵϹʱ֤һλһλʥ˴ӳ̤ϴٵؼ䣬սķһ·߸ͽ·
ÿһ·Ըͬ
˳΢ĩȴԱ΢֤̤֮ϴң֮ʥ·
츳գ;崣һԴ֤Ϊʥ
˽ƫ棬֮·ؽѣ̤۰׹ǣʬɽѪӲɱһҵ;

ͬĵ;ͬȫͬľһĻĻѰͷչ
УϸϸƷζ˵;ӡ֤֮·ʱһЩҲһһҿлȻ֮Уջ޴
ۣ
أԶһλǿ߻ҶȳһѪ
ͬʱһĮĵؼ쳹ǲᣬܻڴУȴʧ֮ģҵݣ컯Եˣ
λѪǿ߶ӦͱһղЮʧԭء
ʱԸе˽𵴣ˡ
ѵһͽʹĿ飿˭Щõϣ˭ӵȡ컯ʸ񣿡˵һ˿ߡ
ֵܹʱǿߣһӵзǷǻۣȻҲЩʱȻһ˿
ѰҲˣûе飬
Ϊ֣ЩӡŲͬĵ;ܽнӡ֤ĵ;Ųɹĺô
ֻǺܿ죬Ԫ֮һɱʱѣͼһӰԼ
׿
˿̵һ֮ȫһһ齣һֲ˼ٶն
ɾж;һ齣ͱϢĨƾʧһ˿Ϣû¡
׻һɱĶУɫֶȻ
ڸɱģħ죬ˣؼ䣬ĮĶٶ쳹
׿ŭ͸żȵĲʣҲû뵽ᷢ飬֪ˣ϶ж
ɺѾˣƾ˲ͱӵŲߣʧ
һӣȺһԾա彣ˣһĿ˸ɫһ˿֮ȥľɡ



912 ;
ڵниʱȷвǿĴһЩͷΪһ͵Ϯֵʱ̡
ɵĿ׿Щǿ߽Ծһ亹ûвȡж
һ֮װ׶һĻԵԸп
Ƕ׿𻯽ڵһλһɲ⡣
һ컯ͽߣȴһ̭֣֮Ȼͳһ硣
˵Ѱʵ޳ޣ֮Զ֣ҲΪлõԵʡ
лͬ𻯽ڣȴڸ֮ϱѰѹⱻ׿裬ʾҪлֻع
źǣûüѰɱͱ̭֣ȷǵϡ
ɻ
ڴˣѰв
Ȼ׿ûб̭֣͵ϮҲעܳɹᱻн䱸Լɱ

žɰ߲תµϢһǿ߸֮ϣؼŸֻɬµĴ
ʥо
ⲻѰ˵Ǳľ飬ǿҲѵޱȵһ컯
ʥĸ;ĵãκһƪȥ޼֮ѷ꣬Ϲﶼۺʹѡ
ʱƣڵоǿ߶¶ϲɫҲջ񼫴
һʱ䣬һͭӳֳĵˣһ־ׯϢ
˽ֶͲǴϹŵʥƪ¡
ѰӨӨ⣬᲻ͬĳɵ֮·
ÿһֵ;ޱȣļɬأѰĳУ;ӡ֤
νǿ;ֻһ֣
˰Ѫ֮·Ѫ壬Ǽɱ䣬ﵽǰ֮Ӷ̤ۡ
˵Ϊʥ֮;
˾̹֮ܽǧڻͨ߳һ֮·̤֮ϡ
˵Ϊʥ֮;
Ҳ已̥ר֮񡢻񡭡һ̤ۡ
˵Ϊʥ֮;
ֲͬзʽֱ;ÿһֽ԰󣬻ɬ΢
Թ֮֮·Աڡ;֮ڣ
嵽ÿһ޵ߣľ۵;вͬһŶۡ
ѰĿǰ̤ľ۵;ڡ;еһ֡

Ѱû뵽ĵУھ۵;һЩء
ǰԼһú֤ӵ˽֮ɾ͡
ɾˣأŲ޷⿪ԭھ۵;ļ̫ˣҲע޷ѰܹȥպʹĦ
ͬиʱһֲͬľ۵;ӳ֣ͬľĵӿͷжĵƪ£ǾķźʹУȴջ
ֻǺܿ죬Ѱü侳ʼһֱ־ĸ򶼺˳ԣ˳ͽҿһţɸҲ־ʱȻֹûˡ
ԣǿ߶ڸ򡭡ô˵ӦΪһܸ֪һľĵá
̤۵;ڲʱȻȻԸ򵽹ھ۵;ĵú;顣
ֱ̫ˣȻϹʥĴеأ
Ѱ˼⣬ип
ִм޾ķţҲ޾ĵһеĵú;飬ȻϹʥôǲհǵĵ;ǵ·
ṩһֿɹմĦľ飬ָ޵ȥӡ֤֮;ûдﵽǸ磬Ҳע޷Ǹľ顣
޳־ĸƪ£ѰҲǿľʼϸо硣
ˡ
ʱƣղϸ֣һһǿߴߣʧڵС
еʧڸУľʧض̭
еڸѴﵽܵļޣأҪ֣̲롰ִϡб̭
ڸвþΪ֤Բľ۵;׹ħж̭
Ǵ֮·ǻԵɲ˭ܹܡ
ֱټĵУֻʣʮˡ
ѰǵһѹѾ͸һи;ڣȫϤ˾֮УȥҲ岻
𣬲
˷ı֣¶ݡ
ΪѰǵһڲ̭֮ǿߣ˵ʲô
ħһ·־;ϵѾԺϹʥеĵбȼ
ʵϣѰڹеġʥؾʱÿһо磬ڼȷٻѴȥ;
֮ǰеĲӡ֤Ͳգͨʴ˺ܿͳͨ͸ˡ
ǿ߲ٶ̤۵;Ǳزȱ©ڲʱҪķѸ˼ȥĦݡ

ɽ⡣
ڵб̭ǿ½߳Ҳ˲СĲͺ䶯ڶ
ͬʱѰɱɳ޼ɡǧ˵ϢҲһЩǿߴ󶯵
һͷʨޱ飬̾ǣޱȡ
ǣ˶еһɺ⣬ʹͬһеڱϣֱðƤ
ʨǧͬʱҲĻߣӵΪ񴫳ǧѶͷŭ
һЩﶼ¶ɫתϢļ¡
ħ񣬵ޱɫ棬ȼգ彣Ļߡ
Ȼ彣̭֣½βҰѰУȴ޷ܡ
ǽŵȴҲвһħȴڹŵϴɱ䣬λ䣬Ҳ޷򶨡
ȻţվҪġ
һͷ󷢳𵴾ʮأ߻ڣ޼ɵĻߡ
ɱƬ߽ʶħͱ죬鷳
ŵϵɱۣѵΪħɱһЩҪӺʹѹ
ҲѰ߷߲ƽΪЩ̫Ե۸Ѱûб
Աޱħҹ巻ڣЩֻҲ̣Ҷˡ
ף޷ǿѰ۸ˣ
ȺۣΣʱעҪ磬ħѰҲؽ¡

Уׯֻ࣬ʣʮλǿߣھ޴ȫָС
ѰڵתƣڹĦеһһľ
µİ߲Ϣϡ
Ѱʵ޷ΨһһͭʱͻܻһĹϵ
ӦģɽϣȻһʥ۵Ĺϵͳ۵عأŵԴ˵һֿ顣
ҲֻͨĴˣǹϵͳӣɼ̳²
ֻǣͳмȻʥۣΪλʷУ֪Ŷһ˿ʧδ̫ͻأˡ
УͳϹʱڹʲô
Ѱɽ֮һĻĻо˵زѰصɫʡ

Ѱ˼֮ʣؼ쳹һ翵



913 ̳
ƣɢ
ɲǼ䣬Դһǿ߽ԱѣɫأԻٶһ˿
Ȼڸл࣬ϧȴڴ˿ֹˡ
ͬʱ˶ע⵽֮صĹϵӰʧ
ӳҰеģһаٳߵĵ̳̳žɰ߲䶥һŰ빣ϱֻڷһͭӣͭ󣬴֮ӡޱȡ
һӣ˵ݺһĿޱȡ
һ컯
һͭӣǹŵ컯Ͳ룬֪עˣ
Ҳڴʱ˲ףղ͸һ飬Ψмֵǿߣʸȥյһ컯
䣡
ǿ̲סʼʵǵֻ̳Ǹһһɿֲѹӿ֣ѹ˼ҪϢ
ûҧݣΪת¡
̳žɰ߲صɫͣ޷ɶݣֻһʰ׶ϡ
ֻаٳ߾룬ɾƱȵ춼ѣӿſֲĽֹѹΪѹ֮
ɼ˼գ޷赲ʵ֮ģ෴˿̵һǿߣԲκα
ѰҲˣһһ̨ףſµѹϡ
Ӳԣתٶ̸Ҳ̸Ͽ죬ʤһȽ
˳Ծǣһϣǽµĵ̳ڲϱԽԽۻ롢ԽԽΡ롭
ֱ̳죬ۻɽſǬׯൽ˼¡
ʵʱ־̳֮ԽԽԶ
̫ˣһٳߵ̳ȴ֮ͨϣڵ죬𺳡
ҲҺýʣµʮλǿߣǾеҫֵܹڣ֤ǵǿ
ʵǵ̳ʱûгֱ̭顣
ʱƣ˶ޱѹڿ̳ĶҲؿλڵ̳ϵһͭӡ
ޱȣ߸ߣͭתӡĻɬƣ֮ϡ
ԶԶһһֿѹǬɽӣҡ쾭γƣ
ӹɣ˱֮ɾ죡
ҲʱնȻýɱΪѾҪ̳ۣ֮Ϊ˶ȡһͭӣעвҵѪս
ȻܿΣձһЩ΢ǿļ֮£ֱӳ֣Ҫǰߵǿߡ
䣡
޹ȣһͷϳһ貵ıƿͷųԣ延ײһ߼Ա
延ȽΪȾǰһ¼ʵǽڣ赲סȡ컯·;
ɱ
պһݼս
̼ףһ壬Ҳһɧľ
˭û뵽ǣȻȼ̼׵ıһҲѷɫԵ쳣ǿ
Ǿһز¶֮ǰΪһ컯ԱԼ͡
ۣ
ɲǼѣռ򴦵½˺ѿһϸ߰Ѫۣˣ̼еһ˻ƽսìɨС
еһѵ϶ͬһʱ̱ƽսì̼׻ѿѪ䣬׹ɭȻ
һƲʤ϶ԣ̼ȴҪԿһЩ
ɼˣľһ̼ף֮ǰչʲôҫ֮ȴսʵ̫˼顣
սˣǼҲںһɫġҹħ塱ǿ߶ս
ҹħ壬һصȺǴϹʱһħԨ壬չص츳ҹħ̡֮֮
ںͼԾҹħǿƣٿʣɫŰɫͫ͵ģħȼգһ˵ħϢ
ƺ̼һڴǰһֱֵòĿڴʱչ¶˵սܡ
ѰҲľʶֹԼһ·ڲ׾ЩͬǸ
ৣ
Ѱһɺͷϯһݣԥʩչײ֮Կ
ǰľɽˮģΪ㣬ֻʽȴ񶾶ģһƥϱɺҺ壬̺綾һУܵظʴѲ
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Ҵס㣬ͷѰɨ˰ɽˮһۣȷû׷졣
̳ۻΡ룬ͨʯֻһһǿ߳ϣעɱػᱬͻΪ˭Ըˣͬ˭Ҳ޷̱ȡ
ܿ죬ѰͼһɣӨıݽҧ˦־һӡ

ʥĽֻ磬Ϊӡ籡âƿԹᴩ£ɱ顣
ӡ
ǹڸǹŽľشնȥδ֮ҵϣһнһӡǬ֮
׶ʱѰ̹ȾѧĿ£ȴû뵽һ棬Էºˡ
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ƥ϶ʱ¶һ˿ģӨѩ׵°΢̧һλ߸ϵӡ
ѰУһƵ̬
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ҿɲǱŴġѰߡ
˵ʱ˽ọ̈̄δκʱ䡣
ܿ죬ѰһĴһŮӣһϮ멡
ѰǵãڴǰͰϬʱŮӾԼͳЦ
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ۼ쵽̳֮ϣսͳͻˣһҪſµѹϳ壬һ߻ҪֶԾ֮
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սʵ̫ˣȻǾﶼգ˸Ѹˡ
ȻһĿĽɫâ֣ѰͫȻһһĴʹС
ʶһǿĶ֣


914 ս
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Ѱ⧲֮յԱ󤲽ܿɱɨм򼡷Ѫ䡣
ſ壬̼ףս⼤һ˻ƽսìһսˡ
У̼Գʱ츳ݣһصĽɫƣеĻƽսìɴ˵ܻųﲻƣƥ
֮ǰնԾУ̼׾չֳǷʵڣìͷָѰ
£ѰɱһͻȻɱԼһƤҲŭ
⣬˴۵ƻףΪҵӣɱ㣬ǡԵƸҵĳ⡣
̼׵Ļشܼ򵥣Įᡣ
ԭΪѰ
˺ܿһչԾ
䣡
ҵսֻƬ̺̼׾Ѫл˼򣬲㽫һ첲ն䡣
˲䣬̼׵ƾָչֲֳޱȵĻָ
Ѱ䣬ʶһص͹Ķ֣֮ǿ֮彣޼ɡɳЩй֮޲
ֻЩֶΣն㣡
̼ûսѡߣһ೯̳ʵǣȻʶʱڲɱѰʶԸʱ򵢸ʱ䡣
ǿ񰡡ѰĿǿ׷ĳ嶯ԷԸͬҲ뱻顣
һ컯ڵ̳ۣ֮֮ȣһжС¡
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彣
ע⵽Ѱ彣ɫ䣬ѰѣԶԶ˺ܿ
ȻϴβҰѰУӰɵޱȣͲٺѰš
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ʣһͨһ컯Ѫ·һھɱѪս
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λã빹žɣϰһͭӣӡܵĴת貵ԡ
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и飬ɱѰȥһͭӣλΪΣ
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ˣ˲ҪĽ飿ѰԼıġ
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˵ʵܾˣƣ浱Լ޵𣬿ΪΪ
Ѱɫͬƽ̬֮ȻţҾͳȫ㣬·
ৣ
վҲղٶԣһڹⰻȻĵǰɱ
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Уը̳ҡΣ죬ֲĽ͵âϯ
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һ࣬ȾĬͨɻ˰ʥϢͷһڱƿԣԡУ˾η
ˣ츳ݣɫƵ̼סҹħơ延彣˽ڻĿ硣
ֻǣǹĸǲԶϵĵһ컯
ʱպѰԾ߽Ͼˣɸṩһ컯ĺûᡣ
䣡
սڱѰǿƶħб߷Өλãɱǵء
ձ֮ǿƣʥͶ֮䣬â䣬ҫ۵˼¡
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ಣ
ͬʱҲˣƮҷһ˿̻Ϣٶȱ֮Ƹ졣
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彣延ûȥ컯ǴӲͬλл
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ڣһֱĬӰһһֻɻڿգŲգƣ
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ֽϵ仯κĿ࣬˭ЩﾹԼͬѡ֣
ɴˣҲԿƺεĪ⣬һŲܾǷǣɵ³


915 ֮
䣡
ȼһƿ籡Ŀɫԣк£ֲ֮ɫһ䣬ò컯
ৣ
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ҵģѰ֮ĶԾ
˽ɱնɱԷһսͶɱС
ǿڻսɵʶһʱע޷ȡǵһ컯ʱʱ̵ְ鷢
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¡
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䣡
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һɫƵӳԶֲӿ˵ĵ⡣
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Ȼһײ˭ûռˡ
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Ϲ⵶ɱˣԷһΣȴѰӲ⣬ȷ˾ġ
۶ѰǶնԣһνǽԾɣɱŨˡ
ৣ
УͶл棬ȶˣӰ֮ɫԵ⣬ָȭ͵»
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䣡
ݣɢջϹ뵣ȭŴִӨĵ绡âɱѰ
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͡

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ΪǶʩչɱУȴȻǲµĽǽԱ棬˴˶ӣɱɲ
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飡
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ս֮ĶԿһֱƾУ£Ȼڴ˿̣ȴħȴƽ⣬գ
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š
գʥңʦױˣâɣ񣬲һܣ޵е񻰡
ħȴƶ񤲻½磬޿ɣ¼ҹһۼݡλԶԶ޷ȣνһһ¡
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β𾪣
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㾹ҼѪˣ
ЩţɫĮȻˣԶŭͷڷ췢Хըף
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䣡
ֳɫʯӡŤĽɫƣһ֣һѹصĿֲϢ
Ϸħ
һһµűϣųƿɱ顣
ǿҲһľ궼еѹ֣䲻֪ϷħȴжϳԳĿ£


916 ʥӰ
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ռϷħɲǣѰϺȣͼУӨ׵ĶбʢĹ⣬ʩչնİ塣
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ˡֲĲӿ֣ͷֳһӵͭ׭صʥӳֳ롢սȵͼ
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㱦ѿԳǿ⡰ʥһҲƶ⣬ӵв˼ܡ
Ѱ㻹ʲôҶ
ɫһ䣬ͷ˵ƿǰǿȫ



917 ʥԿ
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µʥֲ̫ߣ˶ļ£ҪϢ
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˽ӣ¶ޱȵļɵǳһɫʵʥϹʱӵ
˵У˱ʥУһϢܻǬ
˭Ҳû뵽ղֹ̤۵;Ʒлôơ
֮ǰһڳ¾ľܾѳĿֲһʥ˵ϢܻΪһʥӰǿ֮
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ͷʥϢ˿ҪϢ⻹ô
ħעҪˣ

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죬ҲעҪ꣡ĴֵղżѰʥӰʱʵһ
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վҪˡ彣延Ŀɭδ˿̶ʱ
ڼȵڰԱȺͺǽ϶ѰҪ̣޽⣡

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߸ϵб磬ĮһִǬľš
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ϵǣһ̵Ѱɫƽһ˿ңΨһԺˡ
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Ҫǣ߽̤۵;վƷӵ֮սҲͬӵʥ
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ɶһصĿ湻ģλĴ˺޵ҧûɱѰ޷ܡ
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˼죬˼֮ʣеĴսڴʱһδʡ


918 
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ʺѪˮﴨһɵˣǣ۾ֱģһŵģ
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919 ŭħ
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޷Ͷ콾ȣЩᲢۡ
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ѰԭأŭѪأԲˣԻɱպϲá
ת磬ԶǱ˹ﴨʵ˭ģ
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貵ʥƥ㣬ӴʥӳɱѰ
Ҫ˵ѰҲûϵᷢȱʣѰɵʱ̣һ֮ͻأ١
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ĴˣѰҲû뵽ᷢ顣
ˡ
ѰӦǳٶɱʥ纣죡



920 ǲ۸
ֹӵͭɫֺׯ࣬һߵʥϢתֲޱߡ
ӳѣ˿̱ƱлҪǿ
˽ԶԶţ˲ֵͷ
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Ҫ֪ѰӵС񻨾۶ε
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ѰĿǰΨһܹģȫȥתֱϣ԰Żǰ
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ڻͬʱ̳밸ϵһͭӣȻһ

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ˣɸһ־Ķǵӣ򣬱ͦ֬׾覣ƣɫñţضޣһжԵð

ڴӼѣֻǺȣԳ߲٣ӰֱͦɫĶ޷ڸǽף¶һ㣬ƵģžӨĹ
˵ǰһɶСŮô˿̵ѳͤͤɱΪ˵ƸŮ
ÿһμ㣬㶼Ǳǲ۸㣿峺񾲵ζ졣
˵ʱַñܣжһìһɡ
Ұ㡣
һ統ƴʱҲ˵ڱʯһ峺У֮ɫ
ȴǰȻ͵һģһӲйκα仯


921 ìɡ
åǡ
ժñܣ¶˱ڵӣϲԵĽһּµ
üī峺Ө֬ͦ㣬˷·еһһﶼȻʧɫ
续
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ҵĹԹ԰ǴɽٳŮ𡭡åʧૡ
Ƴһۣ峺һּĮåһһֱļ֮С
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彣ֽɱɫɭȻᣬ޼ѰۼѰһ˵Ŀ⡣
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延һɱܽСģһУˣֻҪض֮
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ţʶŸеһԵ𺳺;⡣
ԶѰ׷ɣһƨɶڵϣһưײθҶУȫ
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ÿһɱ䣬֮תǰһһǱܣ塢Լ츳ȫµɱ䡣
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ֻǣվ޷ѣìֱ뱳һɺ̵ͷѪ
㡭延۾ɴţԼܵһͿ

һʣӳˣ12ǰ۵ҪshiָͷۣͯЬǱ׽ܲģ


922 ŮĿֲʵ
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Уɱÿһգۼ䣬ػɱһ֣Ѫ̻Ƶڲţ˾
սһȫһߵɱ
磬һǰķ籩Ծ

Ѱš
ѳ־ķ룬չֳϢȴ־Ρ
Ѱҿ϶ӵеսԼֻ¶޷֮⡣
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Ѱ⣬Ψһܶ϶ǣ̤ۣյǿ󣬲ӳԵǰǿ
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һŮһھɱ׺ɱһĻĻѪȻֱһصʣǰ㲻ʵ

֪ʱһ컯ļȡƵ˶ͣ֡
ǱΪץסʱԳô˻ǰϵһͭӣû룬Ǳ˴˻սľƣ˭ռˡ
ڼҵɱУǻٶˡ
ֱͻأ֣һ־̬ȫʱͬҲ𺳣Ĳӿ
֮ǰѰɱʱչֳװܡ
ڣͻȻֵŮƺҪֲһЩʼգһ˿赲ɱ
һֱܵļɵͽ䱸Լͬأǽ֣ͣòͻľơ

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ڴʱѰŰϬʹҴҳ̳ȥ
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ѰͻأȥͬҲü⣬ɱգòײżصʱˣ
ɱ
ᱻǳشҪ
˴Ĵۣ˷

ѰȻģʧȥʸ񣬶ԼδϬҲԼۣȥͼ컯עϣã
ʶѰϾͷˡ
ȻиҪһԭǾǽ̫ǸԱĴɶȺһһ컯Ļ߳ɽʱȻ벻ıʹ
ԣǰ뿪
һ۵ƻĻʱߣǾѾˡ
ǵһ컯ޱȣҲȥȡѰɲԼС

ϣ챣ױ4һͶڣƵŬͶУһԤƻ磬ͯЬǣʱˣ㻹ںԼںšxiaojinyu233Լ


923 ּۻ
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ϧǣ̳Ͻƻɬڿֲõ޷ֻڴԹۡ
ննˣһл赲ħĲ𣿡
ֲ̫ˣǳʥղһħ٣
Ů˭ǿ󣿡
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𣬾޷̳ۣ֮ЩǿȴܹԼؿϱ߷Ѫɱ
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Ůǿ󣬾ȻȻûһ컯ʸ¿ɱˡ
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Ԥ˴۵ƻĻ󣬵ħ߳ɽʱעҪһԤϵɱ٣
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߲ˣ۵ƻ᲻Ļ˭޷뿪


Ǳ뾡뿪
·ϣѰüͷͬʶء
Ӱᣬ񣬲Ѱһ࣬޳гһѺɡһֶصϢ
ֻǣ۵ƻľ飬һ컯֮ĻЩִŵǰ˭뿪
Ϭü΢ȾѪϾǲ԰ףЩ
֮ǰɱҲۣѰֹۡ
˵ʱϬ΢΢һѰߵǸصŮڴ
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һҹУһֶеĮȻһ˿
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Ժ˲һǰ񾲡򵥡ֱӵʳðϬһ
ѡ
ݸƺںѰԲŻʳ㻰ʻķʽֱ̫ˡ
ѣīüײ塣
ԣѡϬоЩ֣ѰŮʲôϵΪЩ⣿
ȴͷѾͺá
ջĿ⣬ٶ࿴Ϭһۣȷ𰸣Ѿ԰ϬʧȥκιעȤ
Ϭоˣ˼ȥҲֻܴжϳѰŮĹϵȻһ㡣
ȤѰ߶һЩĺ֪Ůֻ»һӦɣ
ϬиһĨŹֵͷ

ѰȻһڶУѼֲ֣Ϊͺ˲ͬ
ǰڣһֱ
ȻҲЩʳôĪ⣬Ѱʱû˼ʡ
˼뿪˵صİ취
ϼһң㲻֪߳˵ص·ܿ죬Ѱֱһͨҩ
åһȻЦһмĿǣϻڲɽ˲֪£϶סӵķۣοһ·
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åԥȴӦ뿪뿪͸㣬ɱңҲ뿪ˣ
ȻǳûڸѰ̸ҵʮ㡣
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˵һưײθҶӡ
ѰһһͨľҩȴƦåƵģҲ̫ˡ
ڴʱåȻһתȻҲ֪޷ҵ
ɫǱúׯ࣬һֱׯϵϢ꣬ڲɽĿһʥ˴Ҳ޵߲΢֤һλλ̤۵;ģȷ㣬һôˣⱲӱָ̤߾еľ۵ز
֮;ӡ֤ܿٳԼľ·
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ģ
Сôˣ

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ģӾûݵСӣ̫صˣ
åֵģۣҩݼıԴһΣܵصƣҲ˲ָ
ͬһҩӣҲƹ屦֮ѾѰٲ
ס˱˶ġϱΡϵ¶һ޶ӱΨһᣬһҪ
åһϣȥһЩɫϢȥ֮ȡһЩʥˮȥ컯֮ߢһЩ֮裬ȥ֮桭֮·Ѷˡ
ɫϢʥˮ֮ذΨһĻгһգҲԺһ֮ģӵгʥΪǱܡ
꣬Ѱɱ˵ĳ嶯ˣɫϢʥˮ֮裿ǿǴ˵е
ʥ˶üåſڿӣڸԼأ

ŵϣåָ£Ѱһ֦⽥߽Զƶ
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ѰͻȻЩˣå֪ܣˣǿɺܲ㡣
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˵⣬ʲô૵˵˴γֵ컯һڴ޾ӣʵ⡭



924 ʥ֮
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Ѱ֣һľԼõһƿ
ڵ̳֮۰һͭӡ
һ޾ӡ
һƿ
ԶԡĪй
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åૣɫһĨ˺꣬αװ¡
˱˵ġѪ֮ᾧѰ̲סʡ
֦ǰУִƶǰ·ããδѰٵͨĳڡ

åͷڵ̳֮һӣǴ޾ӣڶʥһķѱѪͣһ죬ۣ֮Ǭ׸ģ˱ܣ֮˭ƿأ˭ƿ֮
ϧˡѰЩΣǴ˴δɾ컯
ϧСӵ˱˻ԣ
ȴåһͱģǴ޾Ӵ֮ʥڼɹ֮ʱΪ˱ɣǰδ֮ǴܹõһʱҲ޷á
ѰһΪΣ
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Ѱһ𣬴Уʥ˲£̻ڤڤȻõ֮Ӷ۳һصԸ
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Ϊˣеʥѡ̻ԼԸõŷܻͬԴԴϵԸ
ͬеʥѡ֮Ըӡ֤ٳµ֮;߿µĵܹͬԸ
ԸֱԸ
ǳʥ֮·עԸǷֲϵġ
Ѱǵã߱ѪսɣֵУһֻصĽһԾף˸ŵĺԸ
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⣬ͬһִԸ
ֻѰû뵽һڴ޾Ӿ죬ֻãҪ֮ΪԴȪ
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СӾװˣڴ޾ӣõһƿĺñ
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ȸң㾿˭䲻أѰͻȻʵ䡣
ңåһӣ˵вգ˱˶һϱΡ
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ֱִһ̳ǰһصؼ쳹̭һһԵ컯ǿ
˵⣬ѰһĨĹ⣬ҪɱʱһһԴ޾ӵӲȶˡ
һνĴ壬û˲һ컯ʸ񡣡
ãѰһһ١
ʲôϵåһȻӣҿһֱѹУɸ֪˵Щ
ѰһĨζϣҷỳ˵ѣȴȫ񶨣֤й
㲻˵ɽû㲻֪飿Ϊȴһ飬ֱӾͷˣ
åһԩģûǶˣɹɲá
ģѰϼһ
ȴåȻһ̾һįȻ㿴Ҳ㣬µҲʱ򹫲ݵʱˡ
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Ҳգʵұɽ֮Ϲʱ˳ʥ֮ʦ龴Ƴ硭
һƤͨҩ˿ȴڳһ˷緶һֲɣ˵̬Լɽ֮šʥ֮ʦĳƺţѰǶݺݳ鴤嶯ˡ
ٷϰ޳֮ϸһǵɪ֮åԳƵ޳ܡɪҪ֮
Ѱּһ̸ҲͰˣɾȻԼΪʥ֮ʦ̫޳̫Ҫˡ
Сʲô񣿸Ϲʱʥ˼ңҲñϹϾʺãСȴһòûС
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ʥ֮
Ѱܲˣϲļһ˳ҲåԼԸ˵еõκмֵϢ
ؼգåϲ䵱Ѱߵʱ۾⣬һֿȵζ
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һ뵽ıȴѰѹǣеޱȵĳͱ
˵ǿĶˣеޱȵķߺ޺;

һȻĲҽȴǰ׷ױ屻𺣷գٽû¡
ûã¾ʿҲ֧ŲסӰһƳɣֱը飬Ѫ׷ɡ
ĿһĻĻҾǿ߶ð
ǿʼģѰŹһ߻ģٺѰΪѡ
һ̵ѰԵ쳣ᣬһ
ڲɽʱͱЩеһԣܵѹơ
㹻ǿ֪ٴΣ
ЩһгƵǴļһȴһ㶼ݣʦ׷ɱҪʥ˭̣
ûãʨˣ׻ӰնϣѪģ
ţҲˣӰһצֱı⣬ѿ
Ϊ֮󡱵һ̷ӳԾĿֲܣ

ɽԶлɵˣ׻зһ˻Уôܣôܣ
ʦڶȴֱӱһ˵Ҳ̫ˣ޷ܡ
һ࣬׿ǰҲһ󷢺ڣüѪҲûɱѰԷûӵüȫû㶼
ܴصĵ
ӵɴûڶ£еҲ̫޳ܱӣ洫֮ɳ飬ҡҡۣ
˵󣬼ŭ֮£ǿȳһѪԭޱȵҡҡ׹ϸǶһɻҰ֮ɫ
ۼ֤Ѱɱģʶδ뵽жУɵԶԶͿһĻȴԳܵĴ
λ·
ڴʱϬǴԼӰֳУʤѩһ˪ĵ
͵أлǴŭͷߺ޵ŭоѹ
ϬǿɶԵ۹ǰ׼ҺлһвٹϵѵҪΪŰл÷ŭ
ΪŰڰлҲԺлҴ
Ϭ˵ʱӰһֱӶ֡
Ѱˣһ˼֣ɾƾһˣҲ˵ȴ󻰣һ׿ӰлһȥԸϬ
ɱѰϹʱ߶ˣ

ֻǣ䣬ϾͶȻһӨѩõĶУһֲ˼ٶն
ۣ
ޱȵܣͷ­ͱն䣬Ѫ
ĿһĻԺͰϬԾлú׿ʧɫòʧء


929 ʥ֮Ĵ
гɱ֮
ȻѰֶΣѿһĶããɱȫ顣
Ѱԣ޵ľлá׿ЩˣǱ˴ѽԹô˻ὫȫɱԺ󻹲֪Լ鷳
ۣ
ûκ⣬Ƭ̺׿λ𻯽ڵĴ˾ͱնɱе
лãѰ룬ջûɱ
ԭѾлһ۾ʱѰŹ
ѰǵȻ۵ƻʱ˵Ļ
㡭
л˲䱩ŭɫ׽ӡ
ˣѰ֮Բɱķ֣Ŀģ
һۿţŻһڴ֮ϣ㣬עһֻĳӣһֻܻҵӰУ
һлǣ
ԣӣ
һ˲䣬лдԹͿ־壬Ժհףǡ
ϬЩΣҡҡͷлҲ۹ߴϵŷ֮һлҲǺεȰ˭룬Ż֮Ѳǵˡ
˵ţתȥٿлһۡ

ţ
Ѱһ̾˿
ͬʱɽϵǲɢ˲һǧɣ⻪ɢ
գۼ䣬̰һա
ԭܼ򵥣ɽ̲صѱȡһգϣ޷Ϊṩ
¶ɽĿһŨѪȵϢ˲ɢǺ֮
ɽÿһвʬɺѪѵıνѪȺǽ塣
ɽ嶼ֳļµѪȺɫ
֮ǰ֮ĳɹһǿֱӻҽһ˿ۼûϡ
ʱɽХʣʮǿ߻ţ㲻ͬϻٽȾѪϢϾǾ긦֮ɫ
ӹһ٣ǶЩţΪΣŸȷʵģ
Ѱ
һӣǽĿˢˢɽϴѰһԾ֮£ͦ㣬ݶȻ
֮ǰͬЩǿ߿ѰĿԹޡŭȴһַĵļɵ
ղţ޺꣬Ĳһ󣬿ɱʮλ벽
̫˺Ϳֲκǿ߲ںͿ־壬ȥȻ綯ϵͳֻ¶ס
ֻǣѰΪĹͷǣ
Ҫʲô
һһɻӿЩǿͷղųôһŸõǶѰ˼ɵͽ䱸ðȻȥٱˡ
ϣѰʲôҲû˵һʾûУתͺͰϬһȥ
ಣ
һͺƿԶʧ
⡭
ôˣ
Ȼܻš
Щǿ߷㶣Լ۾
ɺܿ죬Ǿˣ
ಣ
ԶУȻ̶ޱȵƿһݹӿգѤãڳȫٸ
һȺ޵ߣʮλڣɱڡ
ĿһĻнʣµЩǿĻ᲻ףħ񲢷Ĵǰһдǿпˣ
ħ϶ڴ˸
Զ˿ܴС
ףǡ
ɵɽʱЩǿ߽ͫһ뵹ɽȾѪʬ鲼Էޱȵɱ
֪еȥԭɱȺǿһɫ䣬ͷֱð亹
Ҳ̫ˣһִ˵أҲɱ٣
ûãһĸ߿УһȺǿߣĿҲһΪ׷ɱѰ
ɺܿ죬Ҳĺѡ
˭ħƾһ󣬾Ӳɱʮλ벽ڣ
һУħѿɳƵǵһˡ
дпɫӡ
½ǰŲһʱ䰡ѽƣԺ󡭡˭Ƶ
ɺޣ˴۵ƻϾˣڴһɱʱ
ۣܺ˶ӽ˭Ҫȥɱħ񣬾͵õԼˣ
һ۵ƻѣе콾Ѳɳ޼ɡա
ÿһɶվһӴħɱ󣬺޼ɣúη
ֱڣʮλ벽ڶһ˵ԺУг˭ȥǣ


·ϣӦþͻ̫ƽһЩˡƲϣڣѰڿ
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Ϭ̲סѵɱôϵͳĴˣֻҪ磬ͻ벻ĳ
ɱ͹Щϵͳ̾䲻֪£䣬֮ۺ֮Ӵڶɵ
ѰͷЩ
ϵͳ֮Կ£һԭڣǿ򣬲һֹһ
һЩϵͳУʥ
һͳիڣһλŵʥ˴ڡ
ǵ̣Ҳǹϵͳ֮һ
Եҽͷϵ֮󣬾ͻ뿪磬ǲѵһ㲻𣿡ѰЦ
̣ȥϬ档
ʤ硣
ѰûҪΪ׼ˣȥ̽ͨ콣ڵĵϸҪһ˽һ׾һˣ
ǿǹŻԻͺͶʢһ磬áͳҲΪ
ϬȻ˽ʤһЩ飬˵磬ΨիȼͳУʥ򡣡
ڶʤ磬իĹϵͳʮ֮࣡
Ѱһ𣬵û뵽ֻһ֮Ͷʤͻ˴
Ϭңʤ类Ż򡯵ıԴ֮أԹšʥ֮硯ʥ֮ȵ֮ƾú͹ϣԶ硣
˵ľ콾У߳ɶڶʤУʣµɣᡢռһɴ˾Ϳ󣬶ʤε֮ʢͻԻͣ
˵⣬Ʋסشһ˿㽺
ѰҲ⶯ݣʥ֮磡ʥֻ֮Щ֪ǶʤǺεȲˡ
ǰʱվ˵ȴ˴ηʱǰʤ磬ΪϹʱ˸ġ콾֣ҲؽڶʤС
ҲӦԹһϣΨܹԼ˰ϣųƵ콾Ҳӵڴоʸ񣡡
⣬Ѱ˼ˣĽһеľǶڴ֮ǰʤӿȥ
ˡϬͷ
˵⣬͵һ£ü両һĨأһҪ㡣
ʲô
û
ѰȻһţտǱɱܻţ
ϬΪһѱʥУǽһĨûܳ׽ɱ
ѰЩ޷ƽüô˵ɱһ꣬ӵܹȫǳѹ
ˡϬ̾ǳ壬ɶձɱ鷢Ϊձһ¿ãΪϣڴ̤ۣ֮
ѰĬƬ̣ȻһЦɱһΣɱڶΣΣΣ


930 Լ粨
Ϭ̲ס̧ͷȥͼѰ䣬ü価֮ɫ
һҲԣǳҲעѰĶ֣ȷõʲô
Ϭ͵ʶΪѰǵѰȴһ顣
һУѰͨһսԼ޵ܹ֮ߣҲ

ʱ
ڵִһǳصʱ򣬰Ϭˡ
ҪǰիһλĴѵȺǡ
ǰϬ뵽۵ƻĳˣҪǰϣ̷š
޷һ緵ġ
ҲѰ͵ʶԼҪ뿪磬ǰʤ磬ͬҪһ⣬κһ磿
֮ǰѰϣһԼ⣬ΪһͻϨ뷨
Ѱ˼òȰʬͻ̿ʼ⡣


ݣ׶ǡ
Ѱһ߽ľ޳ǣǰһεִŻʱĵһǳؾǴ˳ǡ
ΣѰСǸԺ崿ŮҲţɽ׹ݷһλ껡
ĵ壬Ǵݷ֮ޱȣСʥ󡱷С֮ѡޡ
ʱѰһǿҵԤУ껴ݷгʱעƣŹʣ
Ϊ̫ˣӵдǡؽ󡢴־أѲ֪˶£͵Ŵʱ
껻ѰһרŻһطνѰȼü֮
껡ڹ桮ʥһλԳӦһˣʱǿ϶
Ѱ˼ʱ֪Ϣǰ
˵ɺʹǰһֺΧ£Ӱ
˵ħǴ׶ǿʼģʱŸոչ¶ɣ˭磬һ߰㣬޿ƥУ
ͽʱ˲ʶľֱʼߡϧǣħ֮·̫ѪȣѲ֪˲֪ٹϵͳǰ;Ȼպɱ٣
ߣŽлΪħ½磬޿ֻЩϵͳ۸ˣͲħ񷴻Ҳ̫ƽ
ϢϵϢܶ࣬д붼Ǻ۵ƻйأ۵ƻйصϢעƲѰ
˵۵ƻĻһʱ䶯鼸Ѱйء
ʶҲȻȻسŵĻ⡣
ѰôıպʣĻȻᱻһʱϳ
ѰĿϢѲãתȥ
ԼԽ󣬾עԽΣգЩϵͳעưոݡ
ԣٲȻѾһڲܣķУ˾
뿪Ҳ뾡ճˡ
һ°ٷ˵컯׶
ûãѰҵһǿߣԼͼ˶ԷһٿƷ裬ƮȻȥ

ݣǧǡ
һƫƧСǣģ󣬺׶ȣƧ㡣
֣ǧǿΪߵһλԪϼֻ־Ϊˡ
һѰӰǧǡ
ҵȻ֪ǧǵĽһУҫۣ˵Ѵݾڡ
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ѰЩ˸УԷ֪Ѿȥֻθ룿
Ѱ͵ʶѶƺƫƧСС
֪ںεأ
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лˡ
ߣѰܿҵĿĵء
һĺˮα̣һԾ̵ǧ裬ӨӨģȶˡ
Ҿλں֮أһӶլۡ
ǰ·ϣѰѴ̽ʱĸ缲زȥ丸Ĺ֮£һҹ׷ʱ꣬Ҳ徣Ȼš
ңֻʣһ˫̥ĵܵɡ
ѣһˡ
ɣѣһɳ졣
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ֻѰǣʳף׿ǷʺУʮʱͱǧõڵĸ˿УƸΪ˵ӡ
෴׾ಡȱݣͳմɵһֱڶָ
»ǧеһ̸콾龳ȴȱݣմɵ벻עѡ
Դǧõ֮ǧУû˸Цܵɵġ
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Ѱǰߵ֮ҽյķű򿪣һص߳һɻ󣺡˭
ɡѰֵЩط֣ǰ;˱ף·ϻӡǱ
͵ɫһ䣬ŭ֣İɣҼҶͱץˣǻҪ
֣ң
Ѱһü˼ңˣѣǰ

һϲ㡭ǽѣô˵Ҳǧõڵĸͽˣ̫ˣ¶үоˣ㲻ҶԼȥǧõˣ
˵ţۺᣬһϲģ
ɱץˣѰһУֲõԤУֱʵ⾿ô£˼ϸ˵˵
ãããĨᣬͷӦ

һյʱѰô¡
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ڵʱ˼䶯Ϊ˭֪ɿһմɵӣ֣ôҪķʽȥĹϵ
ϾʱѰǧõڣǰ;νܺΪ׼ң֣ǧǵĵλɻȹ̡
ȻҲ֪һ㣬ջǴӦ˴£ΪǰǧõУע޷չ˵ܵܡ
Ϊȱݵĵܵܲ۸˾ϣΪҲõܹ֣ܵҵı£ʳǵ
һֱ꣬䣬֣ҼŮ֣Ѿʮˣ˸û޵ʱ
ɾ죬֣ȴͻȻڣܲй£ԣ֣ҵǧС㣬Ǹܼ޸һɵӵģ
ֻʣһչֱͣʣʱֽţŭȴֲ֪ô졣
һȱݵˣҲܰκæ
ԭͻϣǧõеֹܹ
˭룬ڽʱ֣ͻȻɳһȺˣֱӴңڳԷɸֱץˣ
ѰִʱдţҪǧõڵԮ
ȻѰȻܹʹǧõڣҲעٻˡ
֪һУѰȻһĨвƵӿһĨŭ
Ϊ˸вѣ˵İܾ裬Ѱܲŭ


931 ̤֣
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˵Եɣ;ڵأݺ᣺ӣ֣һҪһҼҶү
Ѱæ𣬵˼ģҹѣĵܾܵҵܵܣ
˵ţһĨ
ǰǧǵ·ϣѰ˽֣ǧһɽ㣬ѹǧ֮ϣܹ
ֻѰ֣һûһв
֣ǿҲŲ־ΪԳоԣѾ˲õĴ
ϧѰУֽɫ߹Ҳûʲô
Ⲣ󣬶һֶսɵɣ
Ҫ֪ӽŻڣѰе־ǿ߲дľ콾
֣ν־ʿʸЩ콾Ь
ᣬѰеİ벽ͬڲ
£ѰǣǲŽЦ
˼ңΪҴ·
Ӹ壬һûõϹͷҲԸΪӰǰǣ

֣ҡ
ûʵĴУԵú΢
֣Ҽ֣ǬϣɫĮȻһӵʹһ˿ӵζ봦һϣĿвһ˿
࣬ΪţֻǴ˿ȴίڵϣظһ仰ҶҶ
ɡ
֣࣬ҵĸ߲Ů٣˿̽ԺԼıġмͳŪ
Ϊ֪ǰ¹ڳһ˲ŵļһʵһɵӡ
ɵӶѣֱܷʲôû
ʱڴĵϣһĿ⸩ţȴһԾûУֻŶ˶ˣֱǴˡ
ֶԱҲԣĻó˻飬Ҿһ뷹ԡ
֣ǬˣɫĮûгȥһɵӼƽϣǲŽʧݡ
֣˻ʲôܳ𣿡һȻ
֣ǬɫһЩͷɣѻˡ
ɶֽлӦÿԳ԰ɣɼʣһ㶼û֣ǬеĲͣԵúͺ档
˽һǸɵӣ
磬һɵӷϻôʲôֱɱ˲ˣһ֣Ҹ߲ܲͷ
ɱһɵӵûʲôɵվĵܵܣҪעһӰźá֣Ǭޱ

һ긾͵һЦԴǼ̱λݵ콾ǰΪһɱ¾ɿħ񣬰ԼȥˣĿ湻׳ҵġ
ĺܼʱţ֪֣ҵĹϵǻ˵ã
һ׷ź룬˵ħѣħѱϵͳϣ˵öֱ֮һ˭մ˭ùûԺֻ֣¶ǣۣ
긾˺ǺЦ˵ǧõѾˣ𣬷ڸֽޣǾȡӦãǧõ޹ء
ǧõڶ֣ҿɾܱһǣˣԣɵӣ
Уһһ̸ЦΣͲ±
Ҷĺöؼҡһֱ˵Իдί
ɣȳԷһ񻣬Ů߽˴ڵķˡ
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ףɡ֣˵ţѶˣ˵ݸɡ
ŷ̻أԺɶҺãҸˣһҪ԰ǲٰ¡
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֣ɣȻҶãܸܲңǵĻ
ȻɣʲôôǶҪ
֣ͣȴͷɣҳԱ˵òã
֣ϵ֮ɫʱʧ֮ɫѹõպҲƲסһƾʹеꡣ
꣡
飬ŽƬУɵգһѪۡ
һӣɴסˣ۾лŷˣһɵµӣɣҡʲô𣿡
⸱ӣ֣ûֱ£ȳԳԳԣ֪ԣܹ׳ˣЩΪ磬Ϊһһɵӣ
ɣ㲻ϲɵԭһֱƭҡ
֣Ǻ죺ס죡׳ղϲɵӣ㣬ѾˣҾʣһɵӣãƾַҲҳɻ飿룡
ɽӲǣȱݣҲѪˣҲͬи飬ܵͬҲĺѹ
㡭㡭ƭˣҸ粻ģ
ɴУڶ£۾ˣɣƭҶ𣿡
бҪƭһɵӣ֣Ц
⡭ⲻܵģҸ˵ԺҪβҲԺһеģôƭˡ
ۿᣬڵϣյ˺Ѫϵķ֭ɢ䣬Ե쳣Ǳ
ֻǣһ֣˽ĮһɵӰˣͬ顣
㾿˵˵
֣ɳײˣ֪Ѷһ̣ѹֶԹ޺ͷŭ޷ơ
ۣٲظһɵӳɻˣ
ɻڵϣճմ˵Ҹ粻ģƭҵġ϶ҵġ
һӣ֣ɵĻƵسԺ̧һƾҪϡ
ɵӣ
ΪһֽѺ޲ðɱǧٱ飡
Ŀ֣ɵľٶһ֣ҴԺ⣬ûֹǵ뷨һһɵӰˣɱΣ
Ҷ֣ãܣ
˵ʱʱ죬֣ƵͬʱһٿȻڴС
һ̹Ǻıѩϯ¶ȶհһ˼Ϣѹ
֣ɻһܸΪǿңһ׶ݺݵֻ࣬Ҫٶһ˿ͻܵ޷ĺ
һɲоˣ
ͬʱ֣һڸ߲һһ£ɫ䣬뽫Ŀ⿴⡣
ͼ֪ʱһ°ɫǣͷ䣬¶һ忡ӡ
Ԩӿ궼Ϊ֮ڵĺâ
꣬Ա߻һͣǱ֣һڸ߲һ۾ϳΨһͣūŰĽɫֵһɹ
Ψ꣬ȴǿ͸ǾɣȲǼɵǷŭ
һͣһ͸ֱӴ֣ңδҲ̫
Ϊǧǵһ֣Щ߲ˣҺܶҲû˸ǣҲõһɰԵ֮
ͺñǧһֱһһֻĪ֣һ


932 £
һͿԿ֣ǧǺεȰ衣
ʶȻϢܲʱһ֣Ҹ߲ĵһӦǼɵǷŭ
ү
ͷһ˹ȥ
û뵽ɾڵϣѪۣǰɢķˣܹ衣
ǺúݵİĿѡ
Ĳ˵˵Ҹٻزˣƭˣ𣿡ץ˾ݣ߬ס͵ĸ첲ϣ
ʲôүزˣ׻ʧܣԲܣүǧõڵĴˣɿܻز
٣ģϼһ¸㣬Ѿˣָٻǳͷ
긾ЦУǧõҲǾȡǧõ޹ϵҲζţǧõҲ׳նүˡ
԰˴Ѱسô˻ȥͣԴǶ񶾡
ǰڣо춼ҪˣҪ
үܻ
һͬ޷جġ
⣬Ѱһ̾ɵһĨӣߺһ˫̥òһģһ
ѰԾǰ˵Ǿ仰
ѣԲв
һ̵Ȼƽ϶ǸȻ֮ɫ
һ뵽⣬ѰоͶµûţǻ˿ݣૣѰΪѣĵܵ衭
϶ãʶ˵һݻȥѲˣڵҲûҵһݻɵʲôҲ˵ǲ㽫ˣ
긾ɭȻȳͣ㣬ǴҲûã֣ңǧǣû˸֣Σ
ԭ֪үˣŻңˣǾһİǣ
ͶͷŭҽˣҲὫҪ֣һӶ

긾һй˵̤ǰһƳȥҪ͵ѵ
ͬʱѰε˼ѣһĻʱеʱһɺ˵â
չ¶ѹԷ˰ţɼǰ֣ǧǺεȰԵˡ
ৣ
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936 ͨһ
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Ѱһ˽ˮʱǡþ˵һڽղŸոմĺ䶯Ϣ



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ܿ죬Ǿͱ𶯣ŷ֣θһжλĵʦڴ˿̴ɱ֣֮
СӾһز¶ĸ֣һĵһһ˿ɫ
ãһЩ̽ߴУѰ̶Ƭʱ䣬;вˣܺ;ϲ
ǣѰ˾ȴͱѣĹ꿪ʼۣһѰҪ
䣡
Ѱ̽һģһƬչһſȼյǳը֮İͷš
ǻǺӵ֮Ľϡ
ͿУչ֮ɰǧĹ˲ͱٻɱޱȡ
Ա˶ԣ깥ֲ֮ɶѽ񻨾۶εѰԣͺв
֮𣬻ǶУЩɻϹ顣
£Ѱ˾һ⵶޼᲻ݣ޿ƥУǿƶһͿ
ѱһͨ̽ѨѰʦһλ֣
֮ǰǣɶСĵ꣡
һɲںһͷԾֹҲ¶һĨȡ
ɺܿ죬͹˲ö룬һͷֲ̫Ҳеޱȵѹзġ
ͬʱԳɱѰҲײüУЩĿ̫࣬һʱ̸ɱ꣬ȥעǰ취
뵽⣬Ŀ⿴Զһͷںֹսġ



940 Ľ׺;
ӲӵģԵڲͬơ
طͷųܹܻͬ侪ˡ
ֹеһɫרſֻѼֲס
ˣ˿̵ĴҲֹܲۡ
Ƕ̫ɲˣ糱ǵأӲӵĹԣƬն顣
Ϳǵˣܰסǽһ׶ΣһѵõĻԵ
Ѱ
ͬʱһֻֻѰԡʶеӳ˯ѣѰЩС쳣˷ܣĲ
ಣ
˲ѣӳϢشգ˼ԶֻںֹԾĶ
һɲѰʶУע⵽ǶƱ˻
棡ɶǡǲ𣡣ɢһɻɬŭΨܹ׽
ƼɵǺԥֹĴɫӴܶȥ
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ͬʱѰͬЩԾû뵽Ŵڵһ׶е棬ֻ׳ѣȴһֻ˼ɵûͲսˣ
ȻǹУ
ѰЩƾֻȥ׷ɱǶжȥɱꡣ
ʱоԿʼ仯Ŷߣǵضʼûңһ֧ʧȥƿƵġ
ÿǵѹʱ٣ͬԭڵĹôˣ

ʱֹѾطϣʩչɫѰһȥɱЩꡣ
һʼֳ̬ܵƣȺȺرո
ǵһ̽߻ܣԭǶѸе룬ƾת·ת֮£ǿϣ
ѰҲһֹ֪ˣֱӾȥɱֻˣ鷳
ͬʱֹصɫҲͲ٣һ˼Ƴһ۲ԶѰȻ˵û뵽ϾϹ棬οɶǲܻΪġ
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Ϲʱǰʮ棬ɹʥֲ֮꣬ޱȣ֪ܲ
ֹ֪ϹĵĻ棬Ϲʱȴû룬ܹڽջܼǵӰ
ѰгԾ⿴ƲŮ֪ĵ֪Ե̫Ѱˡ
ʲôݣ
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Ѱ̹Ȼ֪ЩסԷķۣڷöԷԼɡ
ԭˡֹ˵ͷδܴϻۣһ۾ͿѰԸ̸⡣
ӣ˳ޱȣ䷴ɣСġһ䡣
Ӵ˾ͿԿλֹǰ䲻棬ȴĵϸָƣ
лˡѰ϶Ůˡ
ѰƽλֹʶʲôԳЦҶˣӿĵĹϵͬѰ˻˳ķš
Ѱɸû뵽ԷĶԼ˵ʲôͱԷ³һЩ
ֱڣȴһ㶼ûŮ˵ѰвЩ䱸
ӣǰ䲻ʲôȴͬһϣһԵ֣ҶԹҲκζ⣬ĪҪʲô
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ѰЦЦͷӦ
Է̹ϣȴѰòϣϻ۵һŮˡ

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գȺ׵Ĺɢʧãã
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һѰλֹڣȫҪ٣
˴ܹΪģɶλ˵Ⱦҵȱزǹ֣мл
ҲˣǿѰĿ⣬ȫ֮ǰͬˡ
֮ǰսУѰ޿ƥе̬ɸ˼𺳺ͳ
Ƕǳ굶ѪĺݲӣḻѰ϶һʦǰ򵥣ǲδȥҴѯʡ
ףѰ֮ݣŲΪ֪飬Ȼȥ׷ԾͲˡ
ӣǷҶһûãֹѰ롣
֮ѰЦŴӦͬܺ棬Ůһˡ
˽˱еһ䡣
ǼˣʶȤظæȥˡ
вȻѾ⣬ޱȵĽϣ˭ҲҴˡ
һ·ֻԽԽɲ

ھ뱦֮⣬ˮӿɫڣضûԵùˡ
ɫһƷ䳲İ׹Ƕѣʱޱȵ˻Ӱ׹Ƕ쳹
һͷӲӵĶֻǴ˿ȴֻסһʳ塣
Уƾ޷˦ѣԵñ֣
Ƭ̣һͷͱʳһա
ֻڷ⣬Ƶĺɫԣ徹һѿ
꣡꣡
գǲɱ䣬ʵԭǣһɫǰСˣ֥Ʋۡ
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ĵڶ׶Σ
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һֻ棬ٿȻһͬ飬һǿƶԵ̬Է˲͸ɵ
ͬʱһ궯ƺеҪߡ
չһֻ淢һкһǣٲҶ
һֻһֻ汻ɵֻʣΨһһֻ棡
֥Сûʲô仯ɫȴ࣬ɫıƵģһϣһֻСĳ㣬¶ɣ
գԥʲôǻ
ͬʱڷУ׼ֹｻ̸ѰɫһʶʱͻȻһ󲨶˲˷Ǿֻϵ顣
ʶ´ǿӲ
ֻԥЩ꣬ϡ
ˣ˭ɱ䵽ֽ׶Σӵ˳ΪǱܣȥһ㣬ʲôбѵĴۣѰо档


941 Сܷŭ
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ʵԶǰ侲û뵽һֻ֮󣬾ֻ治ֻǲһɱ䡣
һڻԵɺ֮£һֻӵгǱʵ棡
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棬ֱ桱һֻ׶ʱŻ֡
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ңѿʼѶʶԼϺͽִٱ˻á
Ϲʱӡ
ԭѰҲģΪмרſƺķš
Ѱȴû뵽׼ʱ䣬Žֻǽڶ׶ζѣЩо͵һֻ
ѰʼϲҲЩֲвţԼòһֻǿɵһǻѪˡ

ˡ
һֻԵˣ֥СİɫɢһȦȦɬĲ
һ۵Ѱʶ쳹ˣҷ壬֮պб𣬶ѾѳǱܣѰٳ֮·Ǳѡ
Ѱм˵˵ȥһֻǡ
ˣʿɱ裬ðҵϣ߿￹顣
Ѱһ˲Ʒζˣһֻ佾ļһԸԼ԰ʳʶȥ
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СˣҲ̫һ񺮣Щܲˡ
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Ѱü̾ҪҲԣԺͱٻˣҴӽԺһ˿ϵҾ͵ȫһԲĳ֮Ρ
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Ѱ̾߰ɣ㲻ĲҲظеκͿǷ
һܲβǷ
ˣҡһ׼ʲôϡ
ͼѰȵʱ仹磬ҲżϣŸսɱ䣬αżھ뿪úÿһ⣬㳹ˣҲ١
ԴǳϿҶºͣ񳤱ڶ΢Ķ̡
һ㶣Щˣ㲻Ѱ«﾿ʲôҩ˵ĻҲ̫˾ˣ
ˣǡоԼԴһţŸովѵʶúͿˡ
С°ɣ㿼ˣһҪɡѰϣ
ԣգһҧӦˡ
ѰһϲǲڣȻһҪ󣺡һ
˵
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Ѱһ㶣ȻȻû⣡
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ѰЩȣʶԼղֻšĥӲݡҪȰ
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Ҳáֹһӡ
ֻǣѰ߳ţֹƺѹѾõЦ
ѰЩΣ֪Լղŵı仯϶Է˺ܡ̡ӡ
ܴˣ
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ˣΪνҽڴˣС㯣һأͱѰֱӹؽʶáѹ
ѰЦеģ˵㲻侲˼һЩ𣿱ȥ⡣
ǡôоˣС
Ѱа̾ɵӣֱǸȱۣȻڻûӦŵȥѰٴƾ̣˿˵ˡ
СΪãҵʱȥҲˡѰһΪʦ׻׻̻ģ
ˣСŭˣӦٽĵֵģȻ
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СڷӦˣȻŭΪһֻӵгǱܵ棬Ȼɵֻǲն񣬹ʶӦŻԵúܳٶۡ
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СǸޱȵ棬ϺҫüأܴƭƵöҪѪ
û뵽Ȼһ·Ƶĺˣ˷ָ
㻹ֻǸӣҲΪð
Ѱ뷨СһＸ죬öԷú侲ʡһ¡
ô˵ɹСѰлǺܳɵġ
ȥֹġ

ֹƺѰ뿪ûþͷأǣ֣̽һɫʾƺϵƱЦʵǲ淢һЩʣ
㣬һ˿˿صĸζڷ
ֹϢ䲡ģһһһһЦȴһʵζĿ
Ѱ棬ʲô鶼㡣
ֹٱѰһ£һɫ꣬͸ӨƣЦ˵ˣֻǡ˽һЩ飬ҪϹ棬ɲǼ򵥵顣
һѣѰֹ̹̽Ȼ˵غܺ棬ΪҪȡɽӵķʽǰʤ磬ܼ򵥣ڱѣ⣬׷ɱҵ˺ܿͻ׷
ѰŶһԭˡ
Ѳ³һЩҲ֡
Ŀǰܹ߹ӵǣԶʤһʥ֮أ׷ɱҵԶʤеһŹ
ֹƽдһ˿棬Ѱ˵Ҳ˵Һ͹ͬһϣҶ㲢κε⣬ԹҲضоͽ䱸
˵⣬ԳһЦοƾ״̬ȻԹӲҲǳ˵Ρ
ʥ֮أ
Ѱһ⻹Żһĵһʥ֮صĽɫ
֮ǰҲֻ˵ʥ֮šС족֮ƵĴ´ӣ档
ֹðһ䣬ƺܵһĳ᣿Ѱ˼Ǵһ˿΢Цɫͬƽ
Ů̫ϻˣǽƾ޷еľ衣


942 Ǳ
ֹӭѰĿ⣬̹Ȼͷ
ΪΣѰ⡣
ֹ΢΢һЦݾӨӣһĨζĻȣû´ӴźһҲΪĳԭĸţòѡɽӡ
Ѱ΢΢һУЦ
˵⣬ֹ־ƱѰһ£һԭ԰׵ϸһĨ̺죬ƽһݾ֮ɫ
תͬˣԲԸ͹ӲĳֲҪᡣ
Ѱпޥģϸ緢ʵҲò塣
ɣԷֻѲ³ԼݣԷȻƣҲֵˡ
ֹΣһ˿ųʣʵ˴κ͹ӽ̸ҲһЩ˽ģϣܹ͹Ӻһ

ԣѾ֪ڱ׷ɱƾЩ˵ԶԶǵ˵Ķ֡
ֹԣ빫Ӱæ
ѰȻǷڿˣ
ֹӯӯѰӲǫ飬ϻкܶ˻С㣬Բң෴ҿƾ蹫ӵͣڶʤҲԴһء
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ȻƼˮ꣬ǳκΪ⣬ԸŹӿ϶⡣
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һ£ͬԳš֮ӿ֣涷ޡ
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Ȼ󣬾ˡǱĵѰһתҲ̫ˣһʱЩӦ
ȴֹ͵ǱһΪԼͳ콾ӵֶΣܹ콾ߣֻҪƾ˽ʥ֮ڵĳͳеĻᡣ
ѰŻȻҲԾ
ʥ֮ؿǵصڣָĳһطǶЩ֮ĵͳͳơ
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Ͱһ£һӣͬĽĳߵλ
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ֻѰһЩǳ֪Żожʥ֮أʥ֮ݷ˶ٹϵͳҲһĨڡ
˵ֻҪܹ콾ϣȻƾ⡰Ǳӵ˽ʥ֮ĳͳеĻʱѰЩԾ
֪ʥ֮ؿǴͽģǵˣʥ֮سЩ顣

ݵѰ̲סпû뵽ʥ֮մ˵湻̵ġ
ֹݸԽǹϵĵͳͽԽ̣νйᴫˡ
ڵĵͳڴ²ʱҪжϸɸѡͿ飬ƷԡԡԡԵģҲ츳ѪǵģһЩĿ顭
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Ѱô˵ɸѡܹôеĵӣֻһһ̬ɣ
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ʥ֮أʲôεĽɫѰȻʵȷܺ档
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Ȼ֮󲿷ִˣѿǶˣͿ˭ȥԱˡ
˵⣬ֹüõʵ˽ҲƬ棬ÿһʥ֮أŲΪ֪Ŀֲ̣һǿȷģʥ֮ؽǴϹʱӴ±Ǩܹ֮ۺ񣬾κС
ʥ֮أȻ鴫Ѱп
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ӣҿĵ̣ɲڵκˣΨһǷȱģǴˡ
˵ʱֹｫеġǱƽ档
ƾӾ˽ʥ֮еĳͳеĻᣬһùԺʱһЩҲصıԷ޼ɵر
Ѱˣֹ˵ô࣬ʵ޷ǽ˵ӵˡǱһԼıһǿɽĻᣡ
ȻֻǻᣬǷץסؼÿԼǷȥȡˡ
ȷѰΪĶ
֮ǰ絽׷ɱϵͳԣΪΣ
ԭ򣬾Ϊǹ¼ҹһ޿ûпɽŻᱻ޼ɵĴѹ
ܹʥ֮еĳͳУݾͱˣǹ¼ҹˣԺ˭Ҫõͳ³
ǱһıݡĻᣡ
ֹҲһ㣬Żóνʮ㣬κ޵ߣֻ¶ܾˡ
ѰҲ˼⣬޷ġ
ͬףһֳ⣬ܻӰ쵽ԼҪߵĵ;ıԼԺеĹ켣
ʶòؿǡ


943 ɻ˾ž
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ǵʶ;·;ϾܳգȴѲǣһһ֮յرܿ
УֹΣƣãھĵȴ
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˵ţݸѰӿɲҪپܾˣ͵ѡ
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һһ죬Ҳ̸ֱһѰȥ

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пܣǿԽһԵ
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ͬʱѰҲпдһ˿͡
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ֹﲻͬѽâ˽紺绯꣬˸˲һ˿С
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ڰУԹڡʥ̡ͳԦʦڹеĴʥ̵ͽ
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Ϊλᱻʥ׷ɱֹﵱʱĻشܼ򵥣ʥ̾һаħɹΪ£˵ö֮
ѰȻɣɵʱֹɫȴ࣬ѰһʱҲ׷ȥ
ѰҶˡ˯ˣһ仰ͽѰӳ˼оѡ

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˴һ۾ϳһֱѪڻ˵ıޱȣֵʥϡ
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ܵõұԻáڻ
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ȵͷɫƽҲûʲôġ
˴ʱˡ
ɻ˾žɾŲ˵ϾɣϹʱҲƵ֮У˵
ÿһƵشġɻ˾ž͸˼ˣӵͨء
ɻ˾žϹʱͲֹ˾Ųɢ£񶼲˽ںϡ
̬ǣֵɬߣΨƿɻ˴Ļᣬȥƿء
ֵ֮Ǳ޵߻ãҲֻܹĦ޷ȥС
Ȼӵ˲ѧϰɻ˾žʸ
˴Ծĵط
ʱľɱ֮һġ̫š֮Ƶ
ĹȪʣ˵ɻ˴
˴ӿһ˿ϧ̾ϢɶλСͨϵĴϧȴȾѻԵ
Ϲʱʥ´ΪǧΨоʮԳͨ족
޵߽ʮִһˡͨС
˴ϧԭĵλݣҲΨСܹ֮ͨġ
ˣħʲô壿˴Ȼʵ
дȴֲһءüҲеɻ޷֪ȷд𰸡
˴һ㶣Ҳ
һһ˿죺ǰ˭ûΪһʯϢͱٵ
֡˴Ȼ
ԣȰ㻹ǲҪע⣬Ų֮Ҳ͸ȳô˻ᣬһ䡣
ֻǳϣ仰˴Ķ־²ԽĶ֣ԽȤ̫ˣҲᡣ
һ
ڴʱһƿӼԶƺƴ
ţ
Ⱥ˴ڵһʱ䱻˱˴˶һۡ
ৣ
һ̣˾ͼԦԶԶȥȥټ
ûãһаɳͨѪɫʯĥɵĴѹգХ
Ǵ棬ܵڣһʥͼڣһĵ
ϣλ벽һۣɱ֮
λ룬Ů˵Ϣѱ⣬֮ǾͿ׷ϡ
һڵأڡ
ս׼һΣβˣΪ׷ͯգɫߵĮ

ҴҶȥ
ܿ죬һ͸ɭȻɱϢѪɫһٶȴնȥ
ʥ̵ļͽЩ
˴ԦֳɫЩȡ
ʥ̣һ̾ڰеĹϴ̣ʷ׷ݵϹʱԴԶ
˽̵ƺá
˴Ҳ֪ЩΪȻҲڶʤ磬ȴһֱ̾ں嫴йŹϢ
ߣҲȥʥ̿ǺأǾȻ϶ǴһЩɸ˵Ĺ
ͬ⣬˴ѼԦˡ
һͷۣһһ¾Ҫȥˡ


944 ޿赲һȭ
ѪɫаɣبԶ
ϣһϢɱ޵ɫĮȻĿˢˢ˹
Ϊףλ벽ڣۣ侲Ĭ㣬ɢȴǵأ֮
ǡ桢ɫأ㷲
еգǻƾḻľȥ⣬һ֧ǿĶ飬ȴ޲ߣе
ʵ̫ˣ
һ֧Ǹոճǵǰ·ʣȻΪλֹ
鷳ˡ
ֹﵹԵú򶨣ЩƵ̾һ
Ŀ⿴һѰƣǰʥ̵ͽΪϼһʥ̵ϼ룬һɱ飬͹Ϊʥ̵ĹҲΪ
ѰһڴԷ
λ벽ʮλ־ʿȷǾӴˣκµǿ߸е
Ѱ
ֻǸеЩ֣ʥͽϣǰ벽־Դһ˿޶ɭȻĶϢ˺ܲ
ֹּˣֻҪ㽻ʥԴʯǻῪһʹ
ԶѪɫϣΪǺ׷ͯգɫߵĮòҪнһΣ˭ҲȲ㡣
ʥԴʯ
Ѱһ漴Ͼֹʥ̵ʥڻЩӰϼȡġԸǼĳħҪá
ͬʱֹ΢΢һЦԶѪɫ˵ʥԴʯĴڣ캦Ϊа֮ԴݣеȴҪɱңɺû
ҪƱ磡һ벽ȣըף쳹ء
طϻˣŮִԲɱ˾ǣЩͬ飬ΪŰҲ벽Ҳ俪ڡ
ҲáΪ׵ߵͷɫᡣ
ʼգǶֹ֮κˡ
ȻѰǿǣԶˣС
ְ̬ÿǷŭָ֮࣬еޱȵľɥҲòϣԷǵıǮ
ѰҲüʥ̿湻ŵģʹȫɱˣȻǰ˲顣
䣡
ɲѰ룬ԷѶ֣һλӵа벽Ϊĺ̤ն̽һһɫӡɱ£ǵأѰڵı֡
ԵúܵĮᣬ߸ϣִס
ѱٱȻҪܺһλ벽Ĵѹȴ˲κεֿͷ
̫ǿˣ
ͲһĴڣСϲ
ȻֹʱҲЩţҲû뵽ʥ̴˴ξλ벽
¶Ѱܿã˿ҲЩҡü両һĨײɫ
Ѱԭ˼⣬ǷҪȡһֻ͵ķʽһͻȻ
Ͼʥ̲޳ޣֻΪ˰ֹѣҲ̫顣
ڣıˣ
Էһʼֱ֣ǣǲڣ⵹ҲˣǾֱҪ֣ȫĨɱĮȻᣬɱ̬Ѱ̣
ԩ޳˺֣֪Էε֮Եˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ԷһɲѰѳ̤󤲽Ӱһȭ
ţ
Щ⣬ʱ򣬾һŶԲվǲ֪
ˣĮϸֳһĨмѰϢ˲Ӷ쾳ִо
ԭһʵļһ
ǣվԼĵ
Ҳδ̫ˣ
ɫĮ񿴵һֻɶ˻ûҲûͬ飬޷Ȥ
Ϊ벽ڣӵ˸ӡ󾳡޵ߵЩ꣬Ҳ֪ɱ˶־ߣķˡ
ԶѪɫսϣһʥ̼ͽҲͬɫĮȻͷǼˣÿһǿǰΨһ飬Ѽֲ֡
⡭ɵۣû뵽ʱλĹӾйԸԴС
䣡
һ£ǵأûһ˿ı䡣
䣡
ͬʱѰһȭҲ׾ƽһ˿̻Ϣ
˶û뵽һĻˡ
Ѱȭݿ࣬׾ٺһĺɫӡ
䣡
ĺ쳹ɢƾ춯ء
ԣԶѪɫսϣͫһ
⡭Ŀ࣬ǿһλ벽һ׾ٻˣ
ǽƵħ񣡡ֹаޡ
ǺͫȻһ͵ʶһȭ֮ǰԤеȫͬ
Ͼǰ벽ΣңɴݶᣬС⣬޷š
䣡
һȭŷ貵Ĺ⣬ѹպХ
ܻһҲ㲻ҿԸһϵ
ɫɸ߸ϣʩᡣ
˵ʱǰһưնȻݣذһɿֲƾӿ
ԨǬ
ǰ벽ƣߣڡ󾳡֮ϣӵиӵܡ
ֻǡ
ƾѰȭâײһɲǣʶԼˣ
ԭĮɫʧˣһĨȡţüһ˿ײĻҡ
ȥʲô
¡
ֲȭɽХ޿ƥУ޼᲻ݵİŷ˲佫
ŵĿע£һȭݺϡ
䣡
ؼʱ̣Ѷڰ벽ȫȥɸоһʹǻ͵رϣ꿦ı
˶ɳȥߵķݣУڱѪŤŶݣĴϺһ乭
գ껹ûסһҽУ쳹
һ˵ʵڵʯ֮ɣʼգѰֻһȭǺһӡһƾպ˺ϡ
һ·ݿ࣬޿赲
ȫžѻȸ
Ѫɫսϵʥˣǿǣʱһ׻ͫţһ޷Լ۾Ĵģ
̫ˣ
Ҳ̫ϣ
һɶ˻꣬ȴһȭһλ벽ҵƣ
ΨֹǺȫԼѰΪСݡ
ȴ֪Ѱɲݣħ
ǺԴܵ˿죬ƫƫأԵǰԸʹ⣬ⲻԼʲô
ȻҪԭ򣬵ͬģҲΪѰս̫죬ԶͬڸսŻʱܻһ̫棬ͬһλ벽ǿߡ
Ѱս͵Ѳͬնˡ


945 ս벽
ΣѰıֹ֣ﰵһ֮࣬Ҳ⾪
ȻǺԴˣɲĸ־ʿܰ쵽һ
ڲҽУŭӣݣһˣڶš
Ѫɫϣʥ궯ͬš
䣡
ѰûЩûзϻһ֣Էʼնһ۸ڶ̬Ϊ⡣
˿ͬҲö˵һ֣ڻԷͬʱѱȥӰ磬쵽˼¡
ʲô벽Ѱֲûɱ
ϣѰ
ۼѰ귢ŭĿѣɫɭɲһɿֲϢ糱ˮӶ
ǰ벽ƣһ̣ѲСҲٴ⣬ҪɱѰϴ̳衣
ƿغڻͷųٵصϢƾˣѰȥ
ʥٿգ
ŭָ鰴ĺɫӿ֣ʢƥƬնû
䣡
Ѱ磬ˣӰڿգʩչűİ壬ȭ貣ӳ֣޿ƥеš
ת˲䣬һοѪĹ飬ǵ޷˵Ѱһκɡ
ۣ
ҽУѪֹڳ鴤
ȫһǰ벽ɴʱȴȫֳһ֮ƣֵ޷쵽
㡭㾿˭󺧣ʶ˶ֵĿ£Ȼûд⣬һ޷Կĸо
̫˼飡
Ѱû֮ǰԷһ߸ϣһе̬˿Ļ˼Է
ɱ
ٶȳڷͦӰ貵ɫԡһ̰˻ģǬơ
˶סˣǲΪԼֻþȥš
ʱ˭˵λĹһʦǷĭɣ
ߣû뵽ﾹһ̤۵;콾⣬ΪûƵˣ
ۼǺҪ꣬һĮȻ쳹
Ѫɫϣһһ벽ӰǰɱѰ
Ȼ޷ͬԼƤ±ɱ
ͬʱһʥͽҲϵֹǳȥ
˶ڵƣڴ˿Ե쾡¡
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ֹҲһ
ֻһѰܶսһ˫ȭѵ֣£ָѰһ
ѣ
˵ûϣԭڣԷռžƣ
ΣޱȵĹͷֹһҧݣһĨɫʲôϡ
ֻǣǰȻֳһĨ貵ѩ׵â
һĨӿնᴩʱգһ۲ɼĲӰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ȳһЩʥͽ˻зɶݣѱһâնϣ
ɺѪһһ̻նĽϿըĿˡ
Щʥͽɶ־ʿھǿڡ
ȴֽ
ɲǼ䣬һƿ֣
ǸҷģһӶע޷ȴǰһĻһնȺݽ棡
Ȼֹ𺳣ԭ׼нϧƴ
ڣòˡ
гֶݵţŭϵ
ˣ
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Щʥ̼ͽԱ̼÷޷һС
Ҳ޷ڱһڰ벽Χ£꾹ƿضУȥˡ
ն
һ벽һڽɱ£𣬽âǧɳննơ

ͬʱλ벽ҲӲͬ
ˣ
һĺɫ޼ӿգнƿԽضǬ
䣡
һ׵Ƶľ޴£Ŀ

һʰ쵵ĳӿգһȦȦͷ׵ıӰֶ¡
ɲǼ䣬ֱط籩꣬Ƭݺύ󣬳ֲ֮
Բǧ֮صĺ涼ݣ飬֮У¶һĿĵѷ졣
ػ谵ףһƬ
սίʵھһλλ벽ж׻ٵһǳأһƬɽӣ
Χ£κһλ޵ߣֻ¶еεѣ˲ֿͷ
Ѱȴ⡣
ϵǣ˿ڳǺɱȥֻ֮ǰͬǣѶȫ
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ѩ׵ıڿաӶصӡѹ½ɬĽƲӿ֡һȦȦ֮Ľɫɢײ
ɲǼ䣬űذ壬Ѱͬһʱʩչ
ȥͼֳһͷһͷӰŹһ㣬澪
⻹꣬Ѱڣ֮ŭİתѪУŭ
Уűİ屻ȫתֳѣĿֲơ
ʶԪ֮ͷ񻨣ׯϣݶУʩչԪնİ壬ڱ֮ǰΪǵ꣬ɱȺС
һ̵Ѱֱ绯ͷۣһͬһʱȫʩչһħ񣬺ʮأ

¡¡
ɲǼ䣬з춯صײ쾪ڼʢĵӿϯһжԵöҡ
ֹǣҲ޷еɱ̫貺ʹĿˣľ޷ӡ
ǲòǣΧѰܷס
ৣ
ӨѩĶ˸˺գնһƥĵâ
Щʥͽҿ벽޷ͻƶеķߣȵǱˡ
ĿôĻֹ԰Ǿ𾪣ѰһˣסһʥǿߵĹ
ȥһ䶯ɣ
ˣЩʥǿ߸ǾŭǶꡣ
һˣסһڰ벽ΧһȥЩͬ鱣ݻ
˭ţ
ɱ
Щ벽ŭɫ࣬׶ɱġ
öԷǶǶԣһϴ̵ܴ裬עΪһЦЦ

һ̵Ѱܵǰδеѹ
սòתսʥǿס˷Ŀֲ
ڴͬʱѰҲܵһѵޱȵĳ죬ᵽһɱܹġĶǡ֮С
սܹʱڲɱ䡣
ɱԴȪڡĶǡ֣Ѫսܹᵽĸо
һдͽֳ֪Ȼ޷ָܡ
Ψѹ֮£ǱܲŻᱻ׼ӳԶѰ
ȻΣգһŲͿ
һ̣ѰѪȼ־Уľȴ͸˳ȾսİأţսвϼǱܣԽսԽ¡
ֱǱԴʼ̣ӳѣڻȻУתİ塭
ڷ仯綷ս֮ħȴƽһûļµϢ


946 

Ѱȭ⣬һƿ׵޴ӲâŽĺ
ͬһʱ䣬һȦȦͷ׵ıӰֶ£նƣƾˣҪѰӰ
Ѱ˷зɫɢӰ飬ɢ
ӡﺳűİ壬ֱʹİ벽ս
¡¡
Ƭնݣ类򱬡
ѰһˣʩչͬͬһʱԿλ벽Χǿ˼¡
µǣУԪ֮黹ٿŶУһս֡
ЩУͬλ벽
ǶѴͣԣԭǻæɺܿͷ֣ûǲֵĻᡣ
Ψֹһɫ֮սж죬ѰĶȥһ˳ɱ
ˣֹҲһпܹƶϳѰǿ󣬲ڵκһλ
ȴû뵽ǿᵽ̶ֳȣ
ŻһУֻ¶Ҳܹ쵽һġ
Ͼǿʥ̵λϼ룬һǰ벽ڣˣһ־ʿһ
Ѱȴ־Ϊڴ˿ӲȺУ

ɱ
ʥ˽ɱ۾ˣʦڶȴһס̫ˡ
ͬʱѰչֳսҲľʶһӵ֮˵ܵȳ֮
޷̵ǣսʱǾһ˶ûռ޷ѹס֣
ˣ㾿˭Ϊ׵ߴȣеļ£ɶԷĳֲͳеľˡ
벽Ҳɫ࣬ľɡ
Ƕɣһֳֻ¶޷꿹⣡
ǿڵϣҲֻЩڹϵͳеľŻӵսܹ羳ս̬֮
ѰԣսתӰħ£˭š
սգѹҲһĴ󣬿ɾ᧿ΣĴУѰǱܳױսĥһּͷţǰơ
۵ƻʱѽĥܹ֮ѹȺۣǿɱգȻھ۵;ĶϣҲԻһееܡ
ⲢζԲ
Ϊ־еԲز
ͬǾƷǺӣԪնҲ׳͸侫衣
ˣԻ֮ƿأҲֻڵϵز֮һ֮ң
Щȱ©ǱΨн䳹ھԲųƵľԲ
˿һκ˾̾ĸ߶ϣɶѰԣ⻹ԶԶ
룬ĳȣԶԶ
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Ϊо֮ƣȴ޾ģ
ͱ˿̣Ϊо̤۵;֮ϣɶƿغͷӣÿһζھȫµǱܡ
Ǳܣϰĵ뷨壬ܷӳǿ
ͬģսطͬܵõȫµ
֮Ϊ֮Դǿ
طĴ壬ܹӳǿܣ
ͺñѰΪоĻǺӣԪնֻҪƿأעսԵ
ͬԻ֮ĽһƿأͬսˮǴߡ
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ৣ
ͬʱʥΪ׵ǸͻȻһɫ챦
һ֣ɫ棬貶ĿѸ󣬽ƬС
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꣬˱һʥñã˲֪ٵϹŴߣ
֮һͨʥϹţǸʱͨ
ֹʶʥ̼Ĵ˱ӦֻһƷֲȴûѹһ磬ڵܡ
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Ѱ䲻ϵô˱ȴڵһʱΣգëȻ
ܹϷ˱Ҳ޺ˡߵĮޱȡ
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벽˱ܣԸ룬˽ֵĿֲǱУҲ١
¡
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Ц
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벽ȴֻ̱ѹȷԵúܿЦѰǸе
Ц
ҲѰսһһοڣֺεĳͲмЩʥǿɫһѿ
һ־꣬ͷ֪£ǣ涼ЩҲסˡ
ˣҪ˵㻹ûгɳɳʥҲԵģ
죬ûг֮ǰҲվϡ
֣ϻȫɣ
Щ벽Ŀ綢һˣɫɱѰ޷ϴĵĳ衣
ʵǳʱѰѱָǵУкµɫ湥
ֹͿǵĶŵ˼¡
ͬʱǻϾģΪǶĵҲûҵĹ
ǶڿգȫЩֻ٣
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ɣ
Ϊ׵ƽоᣬ߶֣ɫٲ㴹䣬貶ҫۣնյݡ
ҵҪ˭
ҲͬʱѰ̽һһֻߵ֬ƿٿȻƾӳƾɢһƬɬĹԡ
ƿ
۵ƻʱƿоˡ֮󡱽ܣԭѰǴɱ彣ʱŶõģΪɱĹϵõôƿһֱչ¶ܡ
ڣѰѹ˲ָɵв̫ٱ
ˣ
ƿ⣬ɢܱԭǿһ
ɲǼ䣬ؽԾƬΪ֮һ䣡


947 ն
ǷƷȴʥ˼ֲ֮֮ͬҪǿһء
Ѱ֮ǰֳս죬ʥΪ׵߶ϲὫһ־ϡ
ۼַ꼴ʥ˽¶Ц
֮ǰԣľ콾ûг֮ǰҲվϰ㣬ɱᡣ
ɺܿ죬Ͼͱˣ
ؽҽ꣬ڼһСƿ֮õһжת
䣡
ɲĽ̵ĺˮǵذСƿк˲ȫ
ܶʢͼ˸ɬ˵ܣƬؼɢ
¡¡ͷųɫ棬˿̶ȫûɢϨ
Щʥǿ߻һ㶼Լ۾
ʲôӵֲܣ
ˣ
УҲܲҲѣͱǿֲĽƲû
ֹﶼסΪѰһ۵ƻϴıΪ綼ڴǱܹǣסעҲһޱȵʥ
ȴû뵽ʱѰһ֬Сƿܷӳȿֲơ
ɣǿߵһҲˣ
졭
ĹҲ̫ˣ
ǵͬе𺳡
䣡
ҡҡ׹ҵƿҪ֧Ųסˡ
ֹˣ糱ˮĽɢ÷ֲܵЩʥǿҲܵ
һʱ֮䣬һţҽŭ˻ڶ
ɶʲôƣɲ
һλ벽⧲ƺУɽѹǶѣпѪ
ԱߣʥͽĲҽУֱӱƲûת˲Ǳе
ˣ벽ҲܣǱܺ͵ֿһŭֺȻ޷һС
һбȷʵͻأ˭Ҳû뵽Ѿ֣ɵȴǶֵһת
ҵĵǸ֮꣬ǰѱѰˣһغ
ܵƲĳʱͼֲסëջ٣񱻻¯һһ֮ء
ƴǿѽ֣سԶӴܡ
ֻûüӣͱѳѰס
㡭꾪ûɳֱӱѰһȭ飬ѪŽܸߡ
һλ벽
ǼˣӶɳ̫ǿˣ췥ħ벽ǿɱš
õ
ʥ벽Ŀѣɫ࣬߳ɱ
Ϊ׵ߣƴд߶֣棬ѸѹҪѰ
֮ˣڴƿͷųѰһٴڵдֲվǲѰܿɢˣõЩ벽˴ϢĻᡣ
Ѱͻһߣ¸ֳһ󤣬Юڿա
Уƿ߷׵ĺڶ㣬
ţãΪ׵𾪣û뵽Сƿ͹Ź֣ûֵⲻ
ǴƿãֹԹûԷĹƿ֮ڣ˵˫
ô˻ᣬѰǿƳ
䣡
һӡڿգ޼᲻ݣ޿ɺƣ¡¡ѹգɱ
һһ벽ķɣҲҽУֻĲҽɲǼȻֹ
ΪһͷӨѩ޴ɽһƣͽ˽ɱѪ׹䡣
һ벽
̫ǿˣ˿̵ѰֱԨħսݿ࣬ɱ֡
𺳣ȫоֱð
Ϊ׵ŭ񣬴߷֣ӳǰδеܡ
ڣ׵ġڵġġġ꣬գͷ׹һƬ𺣡
Ϲʱʥ˱ܣĨɱ˲֪پ춯صĴȻ㾪֮
ǰǷƷɲСϹﲻâ
ڣ˭û뵽ֳִƿѰֱ򷨲֣ɾͽû
ʼգûһʯ޷󣬻ûŹֵ顣
СƿǺεı
ͬʱѰ߷űͽűİ壬ƿֲڻɱ֡
꣡
ѣһ벽٣ѰһײɳȥڰգȻ飬Ѫͷţɺˡ
ʥ̵ǿ߽ĺŭ־㤣ʶѰǴδ־ʧЧ޷κδӡ
ã
Ϊ׵߱ˣѰɱһֲӲѹָС
ͬʱԭڹɱֹͿǵһʥͽλ벽ԲƲ˲׷׳߳ȥΧѰ
˵ҲǱһսǱΪ̤һұֹǻɱ
룬һжѣͽǵĹϣλ벽޷ȥ
ǶɣѰרսֹˣǷ񷢻ӳսǿ
ǿ϶ģ
ΪǳͬʱѰû˹͹˼ɣһٻضУǿƳ
ն
ն
ն
ɲǼ䣬бֲޱȵܣӨѩĵ貵˼£ڡԪն塣
ۡ
ЩΪֻ־ʥͽ˲꣬ͷ­ն룬ݺύĵ˲и⡭
ǽʣµλ벽еľץ񣬸޷̬ᷢز
һ־꣬ɱɾ
Ǵ磬˭ָţ
̫˼ʰ㲻ʵ
һ̣Ѱǿֵ쾡£ȻպյĴɱ赲Ĳ
ߣ
һλ벽ҪߣΪ֪Ѿ᧿ΣΪսȥʧأܻȫû
ϧһѰһĨ磬֮ת˼£ɱ
ſն
۵һ£пǰ벽ķһͭҲ飬նͷ­Ѫӿ
ѰһҲΪ׵߼ɱȥ
䣡
ַ⣬Ļ꣬ݺݳѰһҪʯٵļơ
Ѱޱܻ䣬ƿתƿ籡ӲӻɬĹϼû
ৣ
бӶȥ߾øεѣתӣ־ױٲҳˡ
ȻȣŲն׷ɱ߾ƴȥ⣬ɱвм򣬴ֱ۶
̫ˣһжգۼ䡣
Ѱǻɱһʥͽֳûһλ벽Ϊ׵Ҳش


948 ʥ־
Ƕѱǡ
û뵽ٷǸϰһλ꣬һλز¶ľ
һսڻûпʼʱǶѸеΪֵʵ̫ǿ
λ벽һ־ʿƣ˭ܲ
ǳе̽ߣǵѪĺݲӣȴԼķǰͲģ
ɽ飬ȴһһλԼ۾һһα𺳶ʧء
λĹһˣͿסʥһǿߵĴѹֱһ޿ƥеħ
µǣսʱѾλ벽ǿɱһϵʥͽͱ¾Ѫ
ֻû˸ˡ
ʱڿУѰٲȻ޿ƥеħѹһееľɣ
ֹҲ޷ƽڴ˿˺ܶࡣ
λʥ֮еıϷʥӡ
ʱмһһԴ꣬ʱ򣬼ų֣мӡ
ˡ
ҵ˼ӳ֣һֹӡľڴ˿̶ֳǰѰԱȡ
գóһԼЩȻĽۣʼգҲһѹסѰĽɫ
һѵѾԺʥ֮Щȼ𡭡ֹ˼Ʈ裬Щ㱡

Уսݡ
ֻǴ˿ѾֳһߵʹѰתУڼɱ֡
ʥǱֻʣλ벽ֻǴʱǶѱɱõ־Ҫ
ǴԴţռݾƵ£ȴһУҰܵһͿ
ʥͽǲһɲ˵Ķӣ̻ɥ֮Ȯ֮ǰɱģȣֱˡ
飡
أײһλ벽ǰһ¯ն飬Ȼըܲ뷢ȼ
վǼһ֮࣬ҲҸС
ֻǻˣһ貵ȭѾᴩն
䣡
ͫȻţҰУȭͷޱ󣬳ӯضڵĿֲ⣬ƿѹɽӣǬ
⣬һ־ǿܹӵе˭
λ벽ǰһͷ
˾ͱڳʢȭУ籬ѪȻɢ
һλ벽
˿̵ѰڷƮ裬忡ϵĮɣɱȾѪ
Ƕǵ˵ѪĿɺԣӳĵ˶һĲƣħ߱Ѫ
㡭
ɶ񣡣
Ϊ׵ߺһ벽Ŀѣ۽ǶѪÿҪ־ñ
ǻǱǣֲŽֻһˣһŽֻо꣡
ˡѰ̤ѩ׵ı󤸡ֽ£Ϊ俪
ѾɱɲĹһ
ʼսʱΪ˽սĥǱܣʶųٳûº֡
˵Էûôؼ֣һսѸٵسֳǰ־
֮Ѱ֮ǰֻΪĥʯˡ
ԣ벽ǿ󣬵ֻҪּ̬ĴڣѰ޷κ塣
Ҫ֪ڶԲʱй칷İ벽
ˡ
Ϊ׵ɫˢף߾ȫӣʼն޷ѣʶռҪˡ
һ־갡
ǿ

ˣ
ڴʱͻȻ֮䣬ٿصдһ˵־ԨǬ£
ʥ˼ӳڴ˱еһ־ӡֹɫ΢䡣
ֹ
ѰҲɫһƿת£籡ɬѤõĹԡ
ɱ֮󣬳оʶѰܵش
ڣоͬʥ˵һ˿־ѰҲеּɵ
ֻǳϣûѡɱܻ꣬Щʥ̵ǿתȥ
Ϊ׵߿ϲǾ
Ѱɫܸ鷢ݶоɱ˹ȥ
֪ϣУһĵĮᣬװ㣬ġ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬գǰδеĳʢͿֲһꡣ
ľ桢˸桢ˮ桢桢ճ桭籩꣬ƬضڱΡ
ֲ̫ǿ˲֪٣
ֹǽԻ˭û뵽ۼѰȫ£ᷢȱʡ
ʥ˵һ־Կֲޱߡ
һ֮£ֻ¾ϹﶼӲ
˶ŵǣΣ֮£Ѱǲ˷˹ȥ
⡭
ֹס
ҰУѰӰ˲ͱޱ޾ûҲ
ɺܿ죬Ǿע⵽ޱߵԾ˵ٶʧ类һڴԨϢûƵġ
ѰӰ֣ð㣬ζΰУһֻ֬ƿ籡ɬĵ⣬ûǴ˷кɫ桭
ϣ
ͬʱкգǿɲ棬ݺնϡ
쳹Ϊ֮һַҵģ㱻䡣
Сն㣡зŭϺ
Щʥǿߣ͵һһ˺գʧ
Ȼһʥ˵־ӡѰУЩʥǿҲˣֱӶߣ
ٶ̫죬ѰҪʱѾһġ

ʥǳɵۣԭΪʹ룬·ת֮£ֱ

Ѱһʶǲеһʥ־ʥ̽
ûٶ룬Щʥǿߡ
㡭㡭Ϊߴ󺧣ö˵˼һţԽһ־κβһ꣬˶ˡ
Ѱûзϻʩչ½ɢƬ򣬶չɱ¾
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ûκѰǿɲʵͶѹ£ʥһǿƾȫҲ½ɱ
ˣ˭ƾΪպؽܵҽ̵Ѫȱ
ˡѡʦšѣ
Ϊ׵߷Թ䣬ţȡ
û˵꣬ɨͷ­ն䣬ͷʬȻ׹䣬ûڷݵĽС
ƬһƬţȫסˣ֮ǰһĻĻ̫ˣ
һ԰ʥ̵ǿߣȴѰɱһգüͷһ£̫ǿˡ
ֹҲ޷ƽӿ
ʥ̵ĵ̶ǿȴû뵽Ϲŵ֣κβѰɱƬײ
ħķ


949 ĶҪ
ֹ֪Ѱӵһ޵еĴƣ֮ͬп޵УҿԿ羳ɱС
ڵ£ܹ֮ԿģҲΨЩֲ̤ۣͬ̿ڣ
ֹʥ֮أϻ۹ˣʶȻɵжϳѰ߱ʱҲеһѹ
붫ʤ磬ָ˭У
ע޽⣬Ϊ䳣湫ϵķʽѾ޷ȥѰս
֮һϯ֮أЦǣЩͳȴһ޲ýĨɱֱǺͿͷ
ֹһѰܵųʹо͸еһͿЦ
Ҳ⣬콾֮ע޾Ĵ͵жԡ
οѰ½磬¼ҹһٵĵжԺʹѹע࣬ⲻɱ⣡
½붫ʤ磬ǿΪ̣ѰҪҲƱػĴѹ

뿪ѰˣȡʤɫȴԵñ֮ǰء
ֹâһȫ
Ǽˣоɻȴ˿æԦԶȥ
ôˣֹǰʡ
ڰпţҸղŵսĶֻ̫˽ĳЩֲڵע⡣
Ѱɫأ֮ǰԭɨսЩʥǿѹһЩô
ȴǿҵļ¶еսĥֱ˳ľ
ǽӣϹ̸ɫĴ˵Ī⣬أϹ׶̤롣
Ľڷ䣬ǰǰˣʼǿ߽ðպ̽Ѱ
ɱϾ̫Σգ
ֹʶأ̲סڸо
СѰڵ
ʵһսҲļǶôƿԿʱ㶼Щܲס
ⱦޱȣʱȴҪΪ֧֮š
ãһδƿһֵܣ¾Ǵ˿ˣֻͷųԲĿֲɱ

ѰǸ뿪һҽӲӵı֮
ȣܸøǼһ˭˰ɣϣ˴磬ɨһƬս
֮ǰǶڰУĿһƾĴս˴ҲеԾ޷ƽ
ʵû뵽Уһġͬˡɱ벽翳вƵģԵúܱ̬
ǣѰеĶкʹƿܸȤʶǿ֮
ڳĬϸζղһĻĻóһۣ֮۵ƻʱⱻħøǿˣ
òᣬǸħ񣿡˴ɡ
˭սȻָƽƮ裬ףֹˮ
˴Ȼ˵һ컯͵ر𣿡
̾ûͿסһʥ־Եø£𣿡
˴һƷζͻعЦ˵ħʵܲ˵ǲ֪ǷϽеı衯ˡ
˵⣬ӿâˣɢһεƣһٳӣ
һü͵𣬵ѾʶĿ£ѵȥ
ǣ
˴ɹЦ¶һѩݣ֣ͣдһȻܰеıһǾ͸ˡ
˵⣬ЩȲˣ߶ͳѰʧķȥղײգߣھȥ棡
һͷۣ˴һѺ֣ҵϣ˭Ȱס
ڵʥеһУ˴λϵᣬһħĳƺţĿӣ޷죡
ǶԷڵϵǶϲһԼæġ
ǴеĿģȴȰһ¡
ˣȺǼһһ֮ҾͰȥһͷѪڻ˵Ĳл꣡˴Ц˵ɷ
ʥ
УγţҲһ洫ɱȥǰѪڻ˲л꣬ÿⱦء
㲻±᣿
ȣħһ˴ü価֮ɫ
ˣϨȰһ뷨ֻѰܰһʹһ٣ɱһɱ絹Ҳ

УѰڴָ
Աߣ˶ڰǰѰΪ׼ʳذİСϣһǰǰ񾲡
ɱоɱУΪҪĥ㵱ʱרһЩһսһ߳Էһߵ峺ȪˮƵڷлصš
һСŮӣѰЩҲסɱֻǴҪģĿǰǷȱսҪġ
սķкܶ࣬÷ǵˡ
һյ÷͵һ߾׽һߺ˵˵ҹӻҪеĴμˣڴ֮ǰϣӦһ¡
Ѱһô죿
һڳԡ
ʲô£ģͳͳӦѰһشĺʹ죬⻹һܻܾˡ
ܼ򵥡
˵⣬̧꣬续Сһ峺ǳۣŶѰ˵Ҽʱ㲻黨ǲݣŮˣǱͶͱҲ
Ѱ
ǽסݺݳ鴤ͷֱðߣǧ㣬û㵽ˡ֡һҪ
ջǰҲûôôҲ̫ҵĸ˰ɣ
Ȼڷ΢ŽǰûԺ󲻻
ǰһѾһ׵زŮ飬üĿ£޳ԼǴǰСŮģ
Ҫֻû˭ܺľܾ
Ѱȴоָͷһ㣬Լ϶ҪʮˣȴûŮ֮飬ڻҪ˽ֹôҪ¶һӣ
ҪҲ̫޷̣
СѰȻܾҪ󣬲̰һˣԺûˡ
ܼ򵥣˵ǵ´ʱһ
ѰȻģ
Ƶص˵ͷ
ѰյǴ췴Ķʹ𣿡
µüë˵ɣһʱܴңҿԽķԣǲܴңͱܡ
Ѱԥɽ
Ͳаˣ
ѰϣҲֻһá˵
峺ɾŮСϵ֮ɫѰĪزһ˿
ʱһҵ궯ӷѰһַʲô£
ҲЩãһīڵüײ塣


950 ʧꣿ
ǰǵĺˮ죬ѩ˳
˴ԣУǷһĨͻȣȻڣȥħгҪ֮һս
ϣǽȻ
Ÿոջʥһǿߣܳһ꣬ʵЩ⡣
ϴβͬѾλĹӡݣʲôʦħ
Ϊߣǿ̫ħͷǺεǿ̸ɫ䣬Եǿ
ңղĿѰλɱһʥǿߵģ£˴ҪսѰɫԱù
ѵǸɵȱ
԰ģģΪȴԵ㲻֪
кɣɫ䲻һĨһȱ۵Ķӡ
˴һЩԾЩһﶼʲôҲ̫ˣ
ȳʲôȥ˱ӣСĴͷ
ֻǣԣǵɫȴˣǴðɵӣ֪ѰڣԲѵĽǻòͷ˰
òᣬΪ˲ȡˣϾھǰѰУ˵ȥҲһʵ顣üʵ
ӦˣᣬΪ˳һڲٶҪˣнķǱ˸ܻˡԼıġ
£Ĳţһˡһ࣬ؽ
˴۾㲻Լ䣬ЩһȻȻָԼ
òһѪħ˼£˸ڮ١
ڣȴҪڲ٣ҪС
Щһǲˣ
˴ɫ
ԶһĻҲ¶Ź֣ǿûЦû뵽ûѰأ˴ȱָһ
Ŀ϶ץ˰ɣ
Ⱥ˴ȻܰͿȴ䲻мȥΪЩеĽɫҲ˴ˡ
죡˴ȣӿһ˵ĿֲϢһƽɫâӿ֣ӳĵûӲӣ˰㡣
ǻһȴ£ֻȴΪȻȱۿҲˢӣŸܵսѰӡ
ѣȰһ䣬ǸϽ뿪ɣܹķʽкܶ࣬÷Ҫȡȡķʽ
ǿȰ
㡭˵ȡ裿˴ָԼţûֱð⣬嶯ɱˡ
ȻЩҩڣҲΪãһȰ㻹ᣬΪ˳ɥʧΪǿĵߺͽڲ٣ȻҲԳȴᱻ˴ǵġ
ʶΪ˴֮ǱԼҴ˼߳ŭˡ
впڵˣԽԽͱˣһ㶼ס
ѣϽ߰ɣֹӱǺɾˡ
㻹ᣬɵ£һʧɻΪǧźޣǧҪѳסʱʧˡ
ͳҲȰ̬ȳϿҡ
ʧ㡭ʧ㡭˴Դ£ˣֽŶ£ɢֲޱȵɱ
ڮ٣˴ɱģ̫ˣȻ˴ʧ꣬ȥǱЦɣ
ȶʱ˲ÿ֣һʶ˴Ҫߣһһ裬עҪѪģ
һֱԹ۵ֹҲһݣ䱸;衣
Ѱӷ߳ʱ򣬾ͿһĻ
ʱ΢΢һͽĿ⿴˴ź粻ҪѪɫҲеЦ
ȻΪһﲻԼĶ֣ŻġȰ
˭ϣȴһֱըëˡ
˵ʵ˴չ¶Ϣ֮ǿҲеЩ֮նȫѶá
ɣһ֪ðľҿ̬һԸļһ
ৣ
˲䣬˴Ŀ㣬ѰϣаˣҧгݵǸħֵĺܼʱһᣬЩֻͬ¾Ҫˣ
Ѱüô˵µģ
˵ʱƳһȣԵػʽ޹Ľʥˣ˼̵ӡ
ֻǴʱȴЩ󲻶ԷΪҲ
ȼӡԶȴдһ˿Σȥ֮Ѱ
ѰŻȻԭ˴ļһﾹǶԼıǰǿˡ
ӣһԵҲе֮һ̾
Ѱǰ˽ͣҲЩơ
ڴˣѰֻЦЦÿɷ񣬶ԷԼ˱ˣ濪սɾԲ
ħҴĿĺܼ򵥣˵սͣдһӮˣеʥһ棬ˣ㴦ãΣ
һ̵˴ֵúûģֱӱ⣬ΪѿƲסԼŭ
ڮٺѵ⣬ͳʧ꣬ˡ
Ҫй
Ѱɾһܲй
ӦأѰüʵһ湻ģƶ˿ֱ׳
ӦҲôӦɲ㣡˴õȻˣҲս˵
ǶȻɵӿ湻ȱ۵ģһȳ̶ȣҲû˭ˡ
Ǳ˴֪ǵ뷨񲻿ɣ棬ûܹڮ٣
˴ĺʲôʱ˹ˣأֹ￪ڣдһ˿⡣
ҵĳ˵£Ҷԣһ׸ҪҲգ˴ȣԵޱȵĿҲ֪Ƿùײİ嶼ѹס
ֹﶼһӡе˴ǿ߿ɾԲ˵ǻ˶һֿˡ
ȿЦΪֻ˴˵Ĳ٣ȷǸ޷죬޼ɵĻħЩ˶ͷ۲ѣЩΪ֪˶ٴƨɡ
Ѱ㾿򲻴㲻ǺųħóħĹһս˴磬ˡ
ȻҪսҪȵѰָɣʤ֮䡣ֹҲһһЩƢ
˴һŭ˵ãҾ͵ţһʱ乻
˻һ˶ӡĹ۲٣һȴзǣмˡ
ϣʱ򣬺Ȼһĺڳ쳹
ô鷳档һϮɫµڳУɢһļŵĺڰ
ѰвãղűϺԼ̸Ѿͷеܲ죬ڣȻ˴е£վˡ
ͬʱһ𶯣
˲ѣ۵ƻһ̳ϷѪ龰ʱŮֱԺڰеһɱɱ׺ƵĽ彣延Щеޱȼɵ
˵𿴶ԷֻһӰŮһħΣյĿֲɫ



951 Ѫڻ
ֻǣ˴ϵһŮվʱֱüͷֵ˵飬һСʲô֣
õؿѰ㻹Գħ񣬲ӶһСվ
ѰɫЩ
ѿȥ̲סҪѡ
ɾڴʱѾˣӰⲽһڰе⣬ٿȻȥ
˵Ҷսܶˣ
һɳǵĺ⣬Ѿ˴ǰĲ˼顣
ôˣ۸СѾͷϽ
˴Եúܲͷֻǻ˵һ룬ͫȻһ͵طһֽУӰˡ
ϣ
һɫ׾ì֪ʱѴɱܼʱͱ̴š
㡭˴ŭʶЩԾ
˾ֻ֪˱ܣⲽǰʼգڰһļµϢ
ৣ
ìӳ򵥵ȴ˴ɫһ䣬ܵһĿɲѹȣ̲סַһֽУòܡ
ɫʱ࣬αˣҲסȵº֣
Σ
ǰìûɾػƽȴһ˵ơ
浱ʰ㣡
˴ŭɶһ˽Ӳӵսì֮Ӳ
飡
ײԺ
˴һģıƷɳȥ
һӣͫţԼ۾Ůӵ˿ֲ
Ӧٶɱ
ì磬ƮҷŮڰ߳һļűơ
ûκ⣬˴ɣֽУһŭǱģÿѪ
ôܣ
˴һֱźͿһУҲΨʥ֮еһСǿԼۣˣǿ߽ԲĿ
ʵϣҲȷпʱֹ츳Ѫ͵̶ǿƥ˴š
ڣһŮȴѹȵ̧ͷһһνɣЩʼԼˣ

Զɫ価ȱ۵ɵӣǿһŮ򲻹ȥѰӣⲻȡ
˴֪ǵ뷨治ɡ
˴ľţʧ겻˵˿ȡ裬Ҳ̫ˡ
ֹѿ˴һǿ֮Ľɫ֮ǰҲԷ̣˵˿սѰʤ֮䡣
ֻǣû뵽̬ᷢתһͻأֵŮ˴ǱˣͲͷˣ
ȻɲΪ˴ʵһֻܱŮ˴ǿ
ѵ۵ƻϣѰɱһھǸŮأֹҲӦˣ𶯡
£ֵ÷з˶ڴŮݣȴһֱǸգ˵֪
ۼȥѹ˴ֹʶԹȻûпŮȷʵǿˣ
̾ԭ˴ǺȻãһﱻݺݽѵһҲ
ΨһЩĵǣ˴ɱǺɾˡ
ҲڴʱѰĴȹﲻصģҪ
̧ۿȥѰЦԼһԼ˼ģĪеһơ
˴ԼڻᱻѰ˶ԴԼ̫ò顣
Զ˴ڹֽУǺһ㣬͸ŷŭ㵡ߵȵĻƻŮƵġ
˿ȷʵ߷ڶûħԾһŮмܣȥһӢɾȫˣ
ɲЩѰжԸ񣬿ǴֱɱƻѰ̸ļһġ
ž
ìӿգݺݳ˴ϣһɳȥзҽУһſεնŤ
Ҳ˵ãӲӵֱðԣʩչĵͱҲƾȻѹɲش
ɼˣ˴еޱȵĳ裬̸ɫĻħȴһС֪ǷǳΪһЦɡ
żҪĴۣһʧͳǧźް겻ѡ
ȰˣƫƫһĶӣҲֽܵѵ
Ҷûȱۣ
ͳҲһ̾ģ
ǵĽ̸ѰһЦ˴Ҳȷùģ˭ãƫƫëⲻҿͷ
ˣλ˴ǰҪʲôѰ棬ȡ
Ϊһ׮ԵҲڰѪڻ˵г
Ѱаһ֮ǰЩģҲΪ׷ɱ
Ѫڻˣԭžģ˿ѾѪ츳ֹһ˼
ȵͷĿ⿴Ѱһ˿ѯЩֹ
λֹλȹѰ˵˴˼򵥽һ
֪ЩŮӾĳʥ֮ʱ΢΢һͻָ糣
֪ʱֹ¶һĨȻ֮ɫƺѲ²ˡ
ⰵѪڻ˵飬ҵ˽һЩݴǱһλŷһʥ˸ɵ³ʣµһƲл꣬ҲӡһսżС
ֹұΪǴ˵Ӧġ
ЩԾû뵽λֹﾹ˽
ĳԾѰ⣬ΪѾλֹǻۺ͵ǺεȾˡ
ȹڰѪڻ˵飬һ仰ֹ֪˵
޷Ҳܺ棬ֹ﾿֪ٹڰѪڻ˵顣
˴κ˴һжǷҪ˴𢶦ѹưѪڻ˵Ĳл
ֹ棬񣬾鶼֪оɫ
ܺò£𢶦˴ʥϽ̫ѪԿưѪڻ˵ٺʲ
ֹ΢΢һЦɫָ棬ҿôĻܿʵ䷴Ūɳ׾
һü˻
Ҹıԣһ߽࣬죬أΨ𢶦ȥѹƣܿƶԷĲлֻ꣬ҲԸԳˡ
ֹ˻һֱǣݱã˼
ѰˣҲԸпλֹﻹ˲ã벻С
лָ㡣ãȳһм֣л
ȹﲻ⣬ҵһţ԰ƽ⣬ȡһ׮컯
ֹ˻һһ𣬵Ըꡣ
ˣѰãϾ̫˽ǣһ׮컯Եӡ
ɳϣֹȴסȡһ׮컯æ
ңѰһ
ҲЩ⣬ôֺѰǣˣ
ԡֹͷԲǿЦ
ʱһǺĲҽ
ͨһ˴˱װϣ֫ſأƨɳ죬ƱǱ߳ܡ



952  ز
ʱ̸жϣѰǵĿ뿴˴
λʥң֮ľţ˿ȴͷɢ飬Ͼ˺ۡ
֫ſأڳ鴤Ƶģ͸ղĿӣһ̬̫ˡ
ʱֻ¾Ϥ˴ˣȥϡ
ʵ̫ˣ
ȱվʧˡ
̾
˻һ˴鴤ˡ
泯װ壬޷飬˶֪˿̵ֻ߷ռˡ
ֹɫ
˴壬һӵŻԻʷĹϴ壬Ϲʱֹ߳һλʥˡ
ŻĴ磬˴Ҳһԣ˻ģ֮ĹϵͳѶá
Ϊ˴ĺᣬħţ˴ȴģʵꡣ
ɫͬЩŹ֡
Ǳ֪һ̸ɫĻħȴһŮģҲ֪θ롣
𣡡
˴ŭŮҲͰˣ˿̻ڿͼңҪˡ
ɾڴʱˣӰƮƮڼװϣһεļźڰϢ
˴һֱӾڵװû취ʵǱÿˡ
ѰһЦˡ
Ȼ˴ѾӰˣ˿̼èƵģֱӾˡ


Ѫڻ˵Ĳл겻ܱȴԽй֮ͨǰһҪ
ʲô
ƽӡ
ϣУѰֹϯض갵Ѫڻ˵顣
ӡȵҴ˴ǰʱЯħ콣ӦӦԡ
ֹҡͷϹŷʥķӡƾ޷Ƶġ
ħ콣ҲУü
Сֹնƽ֮καﶼ޷ӡƳʥҲС
ʱѰȽȻû뵽ֻһӡ㲻˼顣
ֹøƽӡʡ
Ҫֹӵֶˡֹӿ۹⣬ЦһѰ
ֹȣѰԼҲһ
ѯʣֹ˵ţ۵ƻϣ֮󣬶޷סһ˿һһϱȻż衣
ѰͷҲûʲôġ
ǿ󣬾޷ȫܣҲܱƽģ⣬ֻӵʦ˰ɣֹ΢Ц
ѰٴεͷȴпŮ˻ǻ棬һЩ˿жܿ࣬ʵ˲á
ˣЩ𶯣͵ʶħԭһʦݣ
˾ͺðˣϹŷʥķӡһ֣ҲΨʦʥִڲܿеİء
ֹ߿߿ʱֻɹӳƽ˷ӡȹһͷѪڻ˵Ĳлꡣ
˵⣬ѳˣҲпǴ˴ֹԼ˴ѰٻԵжֻעҪܴ졣
ѰЩ⣬ȿûκν飬ǰæҲøһɰɣ
ֹЦӿɲҪܾλȹΪ˻áɻ˾ž֮һġڻһӡ֮ؿɲֻһ׮Ե
δڣҲûôԵú̹Ȼ˽Ƿӡ֮أһ׮ڷʥ˵컯
һ棬Ը컯ãλĴл
ֹﺬЦǾȶлˣһ׮컯ãܹãǶֹԺŲɹ洦
Ѱ㿴ֹ֮ԶԴģȫҪԼһ컯
Щ죬ϸһͷӦԼ֮ǰһʥ̵ΣԷôȻͶұ

·ϣȵָ£˸ıǰз򣬱Žһȥ
һ·ϣȻյֻоյرܿ
صһգһƯڽеĻȪݡ
һԤſֲĲ֮ϹʱŹִ˵
ݴǣֻصıԴأһ֣ʥ˶ֻ˱ܣΨֱϢմȾ
ʱѰһȪʱֹＰʱѣͱͷųһɻƹմȾϡ
Ȼ֮յرܿǳұȴɲǼͻҷʧӰ٣
һĻѰëϢٵģֻһϢˣ˸޷
£ҲѰʶ˽ӵĿ£ͲĶ̫ˡ

ڳһѰΪ׼ʳ󣬾˯УʼеĴμޡ
ѰСļķֱС
Щ죬˴λޱȣһĴ竣һֱԵúܳĬԼڷڣ㲻
Ȼһٱᣬ˼ӰڻûӰ߳
ʱƣʱȥ
ѰǴӽӵڣѾʮҡ
ʥ̵׷ɱûгֹ֣￴Ҳƺɲ١
ˡ
һ죬ȵѰһϼװʱͿԶĽϣֳһ޴УģתɢնŤݡ
ƬһֹŷΧӿĺˮֹΨһ޴ԨתͬϢ
ѰǽԸеһȻǾ޴ĺˮʲôֲһ
꣬λ̤ʥİѪڻǿߣڴˣл걻ӡ˴˴
дһ˿пУһ֧ȼĻƮʵĹ꣬ϢԶһھ޴ңӦ
Ȼͨһ֧ѪڻѰٵ˴˴ĻããյĽϣҪҵ˵ؼֱʹûʲô
ţˣ
ڴʱѰͫһٿȻɢУɲǼ䣬ƾʧƵġ
ͬʱȡֹҲǾ޴ˮеһ෽ϣȻһ֧صĶ顣
һȺɮˣԼĪʮˣģԺᣬȴźɫģϹźɫ飬һ˫ֺʮɫžƱׯϣȴһֵĮŵϢ
ǳһɫϣʮİ꣬һұźɫڻǵĺˮϸƮҷ
ۣһȺɮˣͻأ֮ϣһֹصӾ
ǡ硯زµĴˣ
ֹͫһѵ棬ɱѪڻ˵λϹŷޣһλزʥ𣿡
ƺܳԾЩʧ̬
ز£
磿
ѰȽԸеİɵֹʧ̬Ҳƺб䣡
ѵһȺɮҲΪ˵صĻԵ



953 ȶ
ɫƻõڼžĽϸһȺɮ˱ׯϣüһ˿еĵĮš
龰ܹ죬һоֱð
ͣ
ִһ޴ĺˮǰһɮ߳һɬ
䣡
һɫĲڿգƮڰԣܻһһӰհ˷
ԼԼ䣬һƹϵ쳹
ʱԭڻתĺˮУ类㣬ֹһ
زµġҮȻǡֹ粻עƽˡ
Ƭ̺һصĺɮ˽ʧǺˮС
˭Ѱ̲סʡ
ʱѳӰͱֳ
ǿɲ򵥣ÿһγ֣ذɱ¾Ѫȡ
ֹһ˵һη⳾ϵ

磬һϹʱķ޾̾һͬķΪز¡
زºϵķԲͬغ͹ϡ
زµɮˣɫɮתɫ顢ִɫ뺡ţز֮
ϹʱزһεĴҲ˭ϺԸһپʮأʥ𶯡
ڵʱزеķޣֱȶߡ
Ϊÿؼ伴ִֻ󶯵ǵӰͻ䣡
ȻȻأγһʶǾǵزµĴ˳֣Ȼζţֻʹ󶯵ϯ䡣
ֹ˵⣬סһ֮̾زºأԴӹŻ򱻴飬Ĵ֮䴫˾Ͳ䣬˶ʷС
û룬ʱ֮֮ʣزµĴ˾ٴγˡ
ζţһǰδеĴʱҲؽǰδеֻͶȳԾ
ˡ
ֹͷⱾǿԤ飬ǣزصķţ
һϢЩϵͳ֪עҲס
ԭܼ򵥣ز´ԡȶΪΣаħĽɫԻᱻǡȡ
ǿɲ˭ҲĸĴˣֻҪǶϣǾ͵űȡɡ
µǣزµĵֲ̻֮ͲκȻսҲǰ̵ȥȡˡĽɫ
Ϲʱ֪жٴӵܱزµĴ˶ϣˡ
һЩ̤ʥ˾Ŀֲڣλزȹ֪εȱ̬
η޲زУȶΪΣ˭ֹૡ
ѰӦٳٶҲᵽֹƺزޱȵļɵ
ôоزºаԣǷһȺšȶ򡯵Ļӽг֮µƫִѰЦ
ǧЦǶϣħֻҲᱻ׷ųˡֹ
ѰɹȻôȳȥˡ
ֹҲЦˣǶѰֵǺ͡
ô˵ӡڴ˵λѪڻˣǱزеһλʥ˸ɱģһ
϶ˡ
ֹ˵⣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲøϽжˣЩز´˿϶ҲźһĿģ
ˣ
䣬ԱߵȾչж
һڽλŴչԣĿߣȴһͨ죬½ڤơ
һ޷ݵʥ֮ɢƬնڰڸ׳Ƴ
ħ콣
ʦ޽ʥ轣յ佣һӵо춯֮ʥ֮
ৣ
һεʥϢӽɢһ޴ĺˮ˲䱻
ߣ
˹ȥ
ѰֹʼһԲ˴һȥ
ڿǣڰеȴʵԶЩ֮Σ


У׹䣬ҰããʲôҲϾǻ
Ҳ֪˶ãѰǰһĨ⣬ʶͿҪִһƬӡѪڻ˲лż
ֻǣ͵׼жʱ䶸
һ˽ħƺ˵ڹ⣬ƴ̶Х
һɮˣϴһĨе䵭紫˵еη޺

ϵ鷢ˣѰ֣Ѿȷѣһ˽Ӳӵսìͱɱ֮
Ȼ˴
ѵһ͵Ϯĺɮ˾ǱݺˣеĽħֶɡ
˴ƲˣӲӵģȿɲԣһսìкɨǬļƣƼˡ
䣡
ת˲䣬Ǻɮ˾ͿѪƺߣݺڵϡ
ҲڴʱѰڿˮеĵײһƬưܶߵż磬ؾ
ػһǧ²Ѫɱ֮Ĳ
һͺͷѧãѧ˼͵Ϯô޳ܣϣ˴սͨɫԡ
˿̵ȷ͵һͿǱħţһ˻ƽսìûǧìӰҵǺɮ˶̧ͷϱɣѪֹ
ѰǶһȻɫ
ԴӱһŮݺݱһٺһ·˴һֱܳƣһһ־ģ
˭룬ʱȴˣйѹõһǻί衢ߺ޶й˶ͷϡ

˴̬ſһ˽ɫսì۵һֱӶǺɮ˵ţԷڰգѪ
Ѫȴ˴ıĻѹ̫ˣҪˡ
ʱ˵ŮڣõҲڸ޼ɵطйˡ
ģزµĺɮƫƫײУ³עͱˡ
ѰҲ˴ɱɮ֮ǰ䰵УͻأϮǣʼգһ仰˵̫ˡ
ಣ
Զƿλɮ
ɫĮţûƵģȻͬ鱻ɱǲκһ˿
ϣ

߸һ֣ԲһһһѪɫȣһӶһɫ
ɱ
ᡣ
òˮ
һ㶼ЩԴȱΪķޣɱУ֮
˴һǻйˣһúãִսìɱȥ
һʱ䣬Ƭػңձ֮
ܿ죬һսĻ˴չֳԶͬľɣԵ֮Ӳһսìɮ˵ăȸ飬е
ǻѪ֮Ѱп˴治һȫյı̬ʱ֣ԼҪ÷һЩ
ޣһûһܴģ˴ƺܲһδģ
ţʱ򣬿ߡЩļǱЩز´ȶ컯



954 ƹɲ
˵ʱȼѪڻ˵һ֧һҡ
ˣ
ƬУлɬĵӦӼԶĵطͬʱһۻء
ɲǼ䣬˾ͿԶߣкɫȼգ񷶼Ⱦһĺɫҹһǡ

糿ĺģ֮ϴ˵ģѰǽһĸо
˲ãѰľ
ûгɣԶȥܿͿһڷϵĹɲ
ɲԫǽ伣󣬴°߲ĺۼϷȼյĺɫ档

ִ˵أۻˣӵѰǻѪҪϴӺ;
ɲŽգȴʥķӣһƬׯϣ羻㡣
ﲻǷӡ֮أΪλһ±ɲ˴Ȼ
ӦλزµϹʥ޽ǰѪڻ˵һƲлͱӡСֹҲЩ׼ˡ
˽ȴԼ֤ҲǵһεִƬصż
ҸӦˣѪڻ˲лУȴ˿Եúܼ
ɲǷӡͬʱѰɢҲ֪һЩͬѰ֮
ɲšơ߲ʱȴһεĽС
ǽϢܾˣѰľµΣա
ֹԼһɫһҡһɫɢǹɲ֮ͥʱʱʢķ⡣
Ƿʥࡢ͡嫶ȴֳһĺɫ˲İеޱȵļ¡

ֹü価أţƽ£ᴥֲɱ٣롣
ʱĿⶼѰΪǳΨһһ֮ͨʦ
԰ɡ
ѰһתԪ֮ʼȥһ̽͸Ӧصɲ
˲ѣͷ˲ͬ
ӦУɲױˣ貵ķֲڹɲÿһطϢԨʥ󣬿ȴſֲޱȵɱ١
һƽƵĲһΪһźɫķ⡣
ѰԾǣÿһŷУһķӰ黨ЦüׯأŭĿ䡭
ɲǼ䣬ѰоͲڣܵһѹޱȵϢ궼һҪĸо
򣡡
ѰתСڤ࣬ɢеѹֺͲʡ
ʱȥӦʱɲֲͬˣÿһϣӡŷܵɫƣ飬ʤǹصĽơ
ȻɲͱȿЩƵİأ
λһ
Ѱһ˽֮ɲģ֮ɬѽ⣬ʱ˿ġ
ģڣ˭Ҳܴ˿ȴ˿չֳǰδеľȻ磬¶һǰδеϡ
Ѱܽ˵أʶⷢ
ߡ˴ƺܲˬһɵĿ⣬ջ̾ϢУҾΪѰһﻤһΡ
ҪСЩز´ˡֹһǻѽɲȫ롣
ҰͲ˴ԣЩսȣĵĻɻûй
̸֮ʣѰϥأʼݡ
һһ㶼İֻǵһȥƽһʥĽƣҲѹ
ʱƣԺͷޣȫڹɲǵĽƲС
ƣ߶ԣضɲǣ֮Ϊ棬Ī⡣
ѰʦУҲɵһ
ԽԹ˵ĽƣʦԣԽһѵޱȵıѧϰᡣ
ֻҪƽ⣬͵ڽ⿪һ𰸣ܹصͰأΪãӶõ

ʱƣ֪ѹȥһʱ
УѰϣֱɫžһֳ֮κζ
һܵķ񣬶ϵķɲǰ
ֹеһɫ˿ͣԵúʺʹݡ
һֱڽ䱸;衣
Ƭػɲ䣬ƺܼžͰ꣬ȴ˸еһ˵ѹΣϢ
˴ЩˣһֱڴЩز´ɶȵʱȴһ㶯ûУ׽
Щͺ¿Ǻųƶȶôң˴ܲ
˴ӣ⻰ɲ˵زµɲ⣬Ǳˣֻ¶ٱȵΣաֹѵ
ߣҿɲŴģ֮٣ʲôز»£ҵ;ͳͳ˾ǡ
˴һĹ°ͲмǿڣʹȻԱġ
ֹҲ֪⻹⣬̼Է㣬֮ǰ㲻ҪѰıһôȴͻȻıˣ
Ȼ˴Ʊʹԭ°ɫ͵һͣ΢΢鴤ޱ㲻ؼ˵飬ûı⣬ֻڲʰˡ
Ǻǡֹ¶һѰζЦݡ
ЦʲôôЦ˴һըëˣоֹЦ̫ɶ񣬷ڳ
ЦǱһŮ𣬺ڲԣѵˣֹ˵
㡭˴ɫޱȣ̡
Ҳڴʱֹﴫ׼ˣ
ͬʱ˴͸оԼ£͵ر飬һĨâէ֣羪
˴ϲõͬʱнɫսìݺݲȥ
̶ײ쳹һâսì顣
䣡
սìأӲƿһɲĿгһ³ѷ죬ɡ
৵һһɫӰӳȴǳ˴ǳѰȥ
һɮˣж磬Ѹ磬һɫٶȿĲ˼顣
ǻ˱죡
նԴȸһ֣ó˱ħ콣ͨǵصĻͻͽն£޿ƥеʥơ
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ƾһ
ħ콣ʥİԵɴ˿ɼһߣ
ಣ
ͬʱӰӲͬλõĵ³еɱֹеɱѰ
ɱУ˴ѸеЩ޹⣬˿̺ò״סȻᵡˡ
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965 Ǻʯ
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ѰʱȻ䣬ֹһңңԶһСĽʯϡ



966 ѹȫ
ԶʯϣһȺ޵߽һŮΧ
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󵨣Ѿͷǵ˭Ҷ˭ǺѪΪУΪߴȡ
˵ʱ˶֡
Ϊ˲ŮеǺʯߡ
䣡
ЩѪŵǿʮˣһƼ֮׳ۺ;ˣʱע⡣
ǿߣŮѿڶ
ѰֹЩ⣬һۣн˾ϡ

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תȥ͸ܵһεĿֲѹϮɽ
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ֱӱѹȵأǶѣѪҽУֱ˹ȥ
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Ĳ˼飬ԶԶȥͺǰѹϢ͵زˣ֮
ӱѹʱѪǿҲѶֲ֣һĻǽɫ䡣
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ͼѰȻͷųһɿֲѹԨ񷣬ǵأƬն
ͨͨһ죬Ϊ׵ڵһѪǿߣͬһʱ̱ѹأһڱѪҽвѡ
ɲǼ䣬ƬضֵĴԶ߽ɫ䲻ѡ
ţѰĿⶼˣһޱȵļɵ
Щһȷɶ񣬷ֹУ꣡ǽԸеʹ졣
Ůѿסֱ۾һǰ㲻ʵ
ֹˣһ̾ü両ֳһĨ˸У̫ºͻ䡣
ҲһڵײĹŮÿԱѣΪ˴Ҫ˻ڽͷϵؤʳ
Ϊ˸ıȥŬҲŮһΪƾһıܲࡣ
գҲˣĺˡ
ΪҲǰŮһģһ顣
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ҲãǰŮˣپĴ
뵽⣬ֹ￴ŮĿУֳһĨοϧ֮ɫ
λӣѪźԩ޳𡭡ϣڿధɫʹࡣ
ѰĿ⿴ֹ
ֹĿ⿴Ů
Ů죬ͫдޣգҡͷ磬㣬ڲɱǡ
ΪΣֹʡ
ҡԺԱ𡣡Ůͷȴ֮ᶨ
ӽ޷ıô죿ֹʡ
ŮһûЩӼұһУҲȥġ
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ֹĿˣǸֳһĨο֮ɫ
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Ҳ仰ʦԼ
㣬ʯ͸ǰɡʱŮһ˾ϣֹ̯߬ǰ
ɲǼ䣬һĨ貵ɫԴŮӿ֣Σ͸һ˳ԾĻɬ
ϸȥһ鼦С͸ӨĺɫǺʯԵüڲͬޱȡ


967 ǿ
ѰĿҲƾо֪һѵһǺʯ
ܲڵʵ͸Өʳλõ⣬ܾˡ
ҲѪЩ߻ᶯ̰ֻ¶̲סջ
㱦ŮУɾǡܵ޹֮ꡣ
֮ǰƴҲϽΪڷҪ͸ǣֹ̲סʡ
£ûŮϵѪգһ
ͲǾҲΪ˴ֹȤ
ͺáŮ
ֹЦˣŮƺϧ
İ
ѰһŮϣҲһѵõƷʣмأΪ
գѰҲûҪŮеǺʯǽţһ뿪Ƭ
ѪЩ޵ȴһ˿ϲá
Ϊ֪ղŮʹ˸ıˣԺģ
Ǽһ˭ÿֲƣͲ֣ͽѪǿȫѹڵأòĳϵͳ߳ľɣ
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٣ҲʧŻĴ罫ºϲһ𣬻ָϹʱģԺ󡭡¿ɾˣ
һЩʯϣĿ˸ղѰһĻĻһЩ߽Բп
һЩҲң֮ǰȳѰˣѰǿΪֱһҲҿԷûкǼƽϡ

̲ܴ󣬽ʯ鲼ҝƬ֣Ե֮
ϣֹѾŮţÿǽĽѡ
ǶӽԺ⿴¿ƶŮעԾţ׺ͬ
СɣǴѰʯ
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УһȺһȺǹҡҷƮ裬ɢԣҝԵ쳣財
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СһЩ˵Щ졣Ѱѡ
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ǺȻһͷƴɽ׵ޣӲӵۼףצĹӣͫɺ䣬ɢ䱩ɱϢ
Ǽһ˳ìɱȥ

Ľ⴩ɽ׵ƤƬȷӲӿֳɫԣǵĳì𿪡
ͬʱХѪһ׹⣬¡һ˶ɳȥ
˳Ծǿһλ־ǿߣȴסԷһ
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ת˲ѣǾһˣܵòѪһɫˡ
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ڴʱѰˣָһһӿ֣۵һͽһ׹⻯
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ӹɣһѰЩȫĴɽ׼ֱǱ̬־ʿײУ
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Ѱ̤ű󤲽ǰʱǴɽ׵ע;裬ɺͫӿɱĺɫ
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͵أβһӲӵıӣһܻһĹС
ѰǣܣԨӿһĹиտͱûһա
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ͬʱѰһȭҳǴɽȫƬݶѵ嶼һֱұĺۼ
Զ࣬ǿһͷ޾мֹ֮治ħﰡ
ɳϣǴɽ׾ǿޱȣصʱ̳׷ˣȼհ㣬ڳĿԣٲȻһҪʯٵļơ
ѰȴǿҲһڶԷͷ­ϣͷǶ飬ױе
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Ӧһܾǿ֮ϵ顣ֹ֮ǰһֱ˼⣬յóһۡ
ǿ֮ϣѰ졣
Ӧˣ̲ϹʱһսżķħʥһնǶǺ˵ء
ֹһɣǰǺƬ׹ڴˡ
ңżҲȷмأǿУҲܾŲΪ֪һЩǿͻƱϣڹŻУֻ֮ϡ٣ǧҲһΡ
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˵ǿܾӣȻͬѰ˵׼Ƿ򵽼ϡǺʯֹӯӯ
һ仰˽Ķѡ
ҲڴʱԶǻкȻһӰɢ֮ۡ


968 Ϣ
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ǿߣڶʤҲһһ塣ֹһ۾ϳԷ͸Ѱ
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˵ʱâΪ٣ȴѾ߱һ˵ϣΪڡ
˵ľģҪδЩְɣѰü
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Ҹ㣬ˣ˵㣬ҴˣҲȰҡѰ
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ûǲӭ㣬Ͻ뿪Ǵȡ
Ǻǣ̫ʴˣΪȰԽ£˭룬ȴһȺҰˡЦԸԴдźε⡣
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ѰҲЦˣ¶һѩ׵ݡ
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Ѱ̤գǰȥҵǺܺ棬˭Ŀˣ
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֪ЦҲѶһɫ׵󹭡
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һ죬ɫȻը飬ҴܣشпѪһͷԽǽС
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ѰЩȻǣ굹Ҳ˵ãһ־ʿɱȣһ׵˸ٶޱȣӽ˲ˡ
ϧһѰһƣͽɱ벽ħվǲУ˲㼸ͱѰһѹ˱װϡ
ڱѪŭвգ˿ͷѰݺһ٣ĥòһغ
˵ɣΪҪȡһͷʬ壬⸽ҪʲôѰʵ
Ϣ٣ĿԹҧزһ
ѰҲʩչ̣ձʵ
ԭƬǹһƺĵطӲӵˮޱȡ
Ǻһʱųֳ֣ص˲ǿע⡣
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ǺʯԱߣһͷȻ￴أ˿ͻᱻɱ
Щˣ֪жǿڴޣһͷС
ǲǿޣΪ˳䵱նһͷ޸ߣóûһǺʯ걻ĥˣʹһʵ档
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ۣ
Ѱָ˶˶Է
һʹӶǿеġֻ¾һ졯ˡԱߣֹ˼
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ֹͷҲ츳ݣ׸һλϹУҵõһλʥ˵ָ㣬ν¸ڶʤһ
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ҲֻһЩ飬˽Ⲣ࣬ʢ֮ʿҪСһЩһ־ߣȻи໤
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ʱ
Ȼ䣬һӵĴԶ
ͼԶһȺǿ׷һͷɫܡ
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һϣǧˣһǺʯȴСǼƷץʱɱŭ
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һĻĺɫӰһΣǻɸߣһɫɽ㣡
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ֱҲֻ߰˸ǿȫûʬ档

û˶֣ɫӰһͻһ˸ߣſһɫǺʯ
ߣһȺԵĶⲻԼɫһĲмй治ѡ
һ￴ᣬûȴթԶֹЩȣû뵽׾ܻ㸹ڣղŷǹʾ˴Ƭǿߡ
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˭׾ܾ裬ֽһǺʯ̽ӣɴ۾׺ݵضſѰ
ǿޣǴ˽飿ѰȤشԷ
ܻƤë⻬˳ѩ׷Ǽ˶ǣһϢ

׾ܸҪشһת͸Ŀˣߵܵ𣿡
ǿޣǾͲᱻɱѰڵ
׾һ㶣ǰأ
ͬҲ
Ѱ°ͣһԷʺƣһûƷƣҲ֪ζˡ
˵˵ȥܹҪ׾ܴŭڡ
ǾͿϲˡѰЦ磬Ǻʯ
û˵꣬ѰסΪһɲ׾ܾһˣ
׳գΪһǸоеΣգүүһˣ
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Ҫ׷ʱԷӵӰ٣ӰʧããС
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ٿԶֹǶڱЦ⣬ɫŹ֣˭׺ƥħ񣬾һͷǰԱ



969 Դ
ѰˣҲߣһͷܸӵȷЩ̫Ӧˡ
ֻǣϸһ룬Ѱһ˵ĸо
ͷܿƲۣȴѰеһ˿޵Σոо
·ݷżֲһͻͷųԤĻܡ
аţ
Ѱҡҡͷٶ롣
һ˼ǰһ·ԽԽţоҡҷ翵ɫǻԣޱȡ

ûãһͷ޳һֻ޴룬ͨ徧Ө磬ʮɴСĴȣ֫絶ѩ
ǿɢһɾ˵ƶʱһȻ裬һѩĳ趯иһѷ졣
սرѰȥ֮ԾԾǣƾȭ֮޷ƿɫķ
ңĽ֫絶ѩ޼᲻ݣɱ¡
Ѱ㣬ƾսۣͷɫѲڵЩ
ͺܲ˼ˣҲԵƬغͿɲ
գѰУŽɫնɱʬ
һвδڽ·ϣʱޣɫĻᡢߡɽϬȵȡ
ЩԲڹŻӦóǿ޲ŶԣʵһһǿĶȵһ־ǿ
Ѱһͷӵǧľ޴ߣʵڰ벽ˮ׼ŭʱӿѣޱȡ
ɱԷʱѰҲ˲ۡ
ֱʱѰնʮͷƵǿޣֻЩɻǣȴҲûмһͷ׾һһ˿ΣϢĶ֡
ڣѰǼǸ˵ġɫ
ǵȷһĺһΧ£ţˮֳһʥɫ
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ղǼһﲻ˵˺֮£һ鿰ƿǺʯ𣬻˵СɽСҲ֪Ǽ١ĿȣǺˮ·
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Ѱʶɢ˲Ͳ׽ϣǿϢ
ԾǣвһЩ벽ǿߣĿܶ࣬־ǿߺ١
Ҳܹһ·ִڴ˵ģѰˣһ򣬽ƾǵͣˡ
Ź֣ȻЩһﶼˣΪȴжҲеЩΡ
ܼ򵥣Ƕڵȴѵʱû˭Ըһȥ
ֹӯӯ˸Ż۹⣬ɴ˿ƶϳɫбȻŴգõЩ벽òСĽж
ǣһ᲼´󣬽ǱҵȥһеĹŹ֡
ѰȻڣһ˿ײĹŹ֡
ΪڴʱһֱѺʶ˼ġСǼޱȣԵúܷ
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ףΣգҲǻк𣿡ѰЦ˵ʱһӣһͭƬС
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ͬʱѰ̺һװƷĴݸֹĹؼڡ
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ͬʱѰѵչжһɫȥ
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С㲻ڿ̸һ̸ˣѰʶƿڡ
ԴӵִƬɫĺǰСԵ쳣ļɵѰĻʱ侲ˣʲô⣿İɣҲ㵱ˣҵĽϲٱ̤¾ҲУ
Ѱ㱻仰ҭЩܻСһô˵أ췴ɣ㷴˼ô죬ͷ˼һ
ˣûˣϴβǰƭңǸǲԭġСִ֣ƫִһӡ
Ѱһû˽ƨ棬һһ˵ؽţȴһ㶼
УҸǸϴεҵȷЩǷǣǲҲΪӦҵģѡҶԿѰ̾˿Сһ׻׻̻塣
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㡭Ѱ׼ŭúʰһⲻСͼСһתԭˡ
ʱѰһ⻹ࡣҲ֮ˡ
Сȷӣ˵ԭ֮󣬾񳹵״Ľᣬ˷ܵ˵ˣطһǿĻԴܽõȫҽһףɳ׶ΣʱұɻΣ
ԴѰһС
ԣܴǿһֻԴͲɫ±ߡ
Сдһ˿ϣˣѵ뿴ҽɻΣʱұԾѪ츳ϰĴطˣ
ѰһʶԼƺԶԶ͹СǱܣϹǰʮ棬ӵгǱܣܾ츳طעøǿ
𣿡Ѱк泩ռȨ
ˣӦþ񡣡С˵
ѰͷֱðߣСһҲֱ̫ˣֳܱһԼʾһ£
ˣӲЩ޳ܶĵ飬ԺһЩСɫȻ
ѰǳױСһˣ޵嶯ʰСһһ٣ջסˡ
Σ˼վ棬һһλ׳棬Ϲʱ£ػҪġ
ҽָ·ܷȡһɻԴͿˡѰ˵
ţСݺݵͷ
ѰźοаֹѰҲǸöá
ûٵ飬Ѱ׼жˡ
ӰһڿնСسɫλȥ
С̲סˣ
Ҳ֪˭ӵܣͷҲ֪̫³çͳ嶯ˡ
Ǹãͷ޿ǿֲޱȣЩ첻̵֪˶ǿߣܽͷסǵǿԳô˻ᣬһǺʯˣ
Ǻǣ֪
ɫĵУǿߡ
ĿѰжʱɫŪζֻһ㡣
ͬʱ֮еֹˣ򶼲ѰӰΨᷢʲôʧ



970 Ͷ
ѰСٸ߿գʶɢ˷
Ӵָпʼʬ塣
һͷɽ޵ʬȥԭƽĺŽһɫ˻
СӵҲ֪ǿ޵Ѫ䵱նȥ޵ע⡣УٴﰵԵ
Ǵɽս䱩ײУһ־Ƕ֣û뵹ûɱˣ
ƶϣС֮޿֣Ҳеģϧ̫ˣ֪Ǻ׵Ǻεȿֲ
ڰ
Ѱı֣Щ⣬ȴΪѰɡ
ףСӺͰɱһͷޣҲһͷµǿޣ
ܿ죬˽һѰһͷʮɴɫ֩ʬ壬˺ˮС
ͷҼɱ˲ǿߣѪ̬Ȼ־еһ֣ҲҺͷţ
Īĳ״ӣ
ʱǿ߿ѰĿֲһˣʶһеһλ
Уǵ˲ٲмӵ˼
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׾ܴ˻һԭհʳ̽ܵһһ㱻ҭιȥ


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Ѱ̽һץͽ˼߬ס˼ϿɲĶ
ͬʱѰҲ͵Ϯߣһԡɫ׵еĽӣԶĺˮ
һ׹Ǵ󹭣Ϣޱȡ
ѣ˵رռˣһᣬھʹǰʧɫԵ
˵ʱһɨһƽߣԼǿҵռ
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޳ģһԲɫ绡ķ׳ᣬһƬʢһ顣
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죡
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ܼ֮ô˼Ϊڱһʥһöصӡǣڣӡȴˣ

Ѱԥɱ
ɻȿͼ϶ȻһƬֲĽ⣬һ˾ƾʧ

Ѱüͷһ塣
֮ףɱȴѣֹһ̾
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983 ɽ
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984 ʯ
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ܿ죬ѰͲÿһǺʯڲӿһֻɬܹʶ̽޷֪ڲź
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ڳ֮ͫصת£Ѱ˫Կһıʡ
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һֿģҩҲԶ
̸ϺѰǵһ¥Уг۴˱ģֵ˰Ʒ衣
ڣӡŻԴʯǺʯȴעƷļ۸ҲƷ衣
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989 
ȫžЩԹ۵޵߽һ̾еֱҪˡ
ղǧƷǿ鱦ϹˮҪ⸶ǾǧƷ裡
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룬ȴתҪݺݸһ⣡
Ѱһģ̫˼ˣֻ踶ƷˣҲСɮһ⡣
ģģһֶٵĸ㣡Ϲˮɫһп
ɶ
ǸԴճӦƷ裬Ѱ
ѰҲп֮ͫ治һŶض㣬ͰԼ׬Ʒ裡
УǼģϹˮԷݣôһܰˡ
ģѰԵúܲԸ
ôӮߣô˵飬첻ҪģҪĵף˭мҵףϹˮɫ
֮ǰѰȫϹè˹ʺˣԲһֱ֡
ףʯĵĻǸԵͺ͵У
ⷽ棬Ϲˮſ԰ѰӮõ׳졣
ҲѰĿ⿴Щˡ
ģֻҪвˣǾԷ㵽ףЩҲҧܲĳôһ
ԭ׷򣬷ˣȥǶ˲ɡ
Χ˶Цˣʶнѳȥ³Բưոˡ
汣ӡ
ѰһţɫȻˣλִԲСɮҲֻἺˣ䵱λĳˡ
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ϹˮԵúأϸѡһѡһĥ̴СǺʯ
ѰֿʼȴڸпϷȫݼ׷ҲǼ
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ģѰü
˵ˣȻľҪĵףУɲ˰Щ˷׷׽е
Ѱ̾ܲԸؽ˵Զġ
ˡ
ɲֻ࣬ǧ顣
ϹˮǶЦúܲãΪ̬ȥܰиӮ
Ѱɥ̾
ʵһоûУֻ׳ȥնˣӮ̫֣Ⱥˡ
Ȼ󣬵ĳԶġ峡ԶġԶġѰȫˡ
ԭӮƷ裬Ҳԭ
ַıľƣԹ߶òģ̫ˣȥշǰѵ׿Ҳɣ
ʱѰͷǺˮɫѿһǿŵ̬
ϹˮӮĻ泩Ļʹ˰֣ǿҪԶȥ
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ЦһˣˣҪ⸶˵顣˲ˡ
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һ֣һķƿԽ߽¶֮ɫ
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ڳ߽ԿڸĿȣû뵽оܹӵһˡ
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Ϊʹ׶ԷҲȥˡ
Ϲˮǽ⶯ҩϡȱ屦üֵмУ򲻵Ϊû
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УȷϹˮ
Ϲ֣һƣΪǣлȥɾԲԸˡЩ˷׷׽ҲۺˣѰҩѲѡ
ң֮ͨǰĶԶģѾγһʶиͲʲôмʯ
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Ҳ۲ɰϹˮƣҲֻ롣
£Сɮһ򲻿Щ֮ܻˣѰߡ
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أѰĿ⿴Щˡ
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һʱ䣬ٲȻΪ˼ֵĵط
䵱˵ѰһҩʱȻǲڶ䶯ѡ
ʼɣ
Ϲˮչжֳǰδеغ棬ҪӮƯƯڱ˵ǿӵһҩ
Ѱţһֻ̣̫ۣӮԷһ㹻ˡ
ȫ˶
оͨʯмҲڹ۲죬û˻ȥˣǹء
Ϲˮѡһ鲻СƶϵǺʯʱǽԲԵͷ
ƬУɢϰٿǺʯмУϹˮѡģǵƷѵһ顣
ǺҪ군
ΪʯۼƷ࣬޷Ϲˮѡȣ
һʱ䣬ǿѰĿҲζа̾ϧһҩ
ͬʱѰҲһڳ֮ͫĲ̽£ȻҲ
ֻȴû뵽ϹˮҲ˵ã׼ѡһƷѵǺʯ
ʯڲϢӿһֻͨڵĲӼ֮
Ѱ²ⲻӦһֻħӵв˼ǱܣϹʱ򣬾̤ʥһȳ򣬾жһֲܿޱߡ
ʯеħȲΪһҲֻһֻӰˡ
УˣϹˮأޱȡ
ѰǰװģԥãѡһǺʯͷأĬ
ĿһĻЩʯмҽ¶ʧ֮ɫѿѰѡʯУעܵʲô䱦
Ѷ
ϹˮҲѰѡʯĵϸǲ¶һĨԸĻȣ˵ʼʯɣΪλľķڷԴʯʼ
ǿɲáѰȴΪͽ͵
ܿ죬ѰʯпֻһݣǬǴľҩҲ󣬵ֵҲ߰Ʒҡ
Щ˺Ц˲𰡺УξȻгñˡ
Թ۵޵̾עҪˣֹҪƷ裬Ҫһҩ


990 Ū
ȴѰ̾ϢҪˣСɮвʣСɮĦһϹѡʯгεȾı
ǺǣͽвײǽͷЩЦ
˵ˣξһķڷϹˮ¶޾ţԵú
ܿ죬ʯ˼ʼжеҲ֮üžĿⶼ˹ȥ
Ҳ棬ϹˮѡǺʯУгεȱˡ
ѰҲעʯ
ֻ˭Ҳûע⵽ѰʯĿУһ˿ײĹŹ֡
ʯм׷ɣԵüأҲС֮ΪҲͬǺʯܲһ㡣
ˣˣ
ʯûбʽ⿪һнɶʹд
ǿʼͲţԽԽ޹İ㡣
ܼһּȻ֮߶ǰ⡣
ѵʯ֮Уһͷ飿
˶ڸУҲ˴Ǻʯгص顣
ǧǰһĮɮˣгһβ㡱ǱϹʥ㡱飬
ǧǰһҶ֪꣬Եɺ֮£гһơ顱ܻŮӣƿϽô굱ߵݴ˽Ϊʦ
ֱλҶ֪Żһλʥˣʤѩɽ֮۵ĽͤΪĽʥ
㴫ţ
ڣϹˮѡǺʯоͷų˵ɶȻǸе𾪡
Ϲˮ˿̶Ŀȣҡҷ֮ǰܼʯȴû뵽֮
Χ۹޵ԽԽˣϢĿһǺʯϣڴ
߶鲻Խ
ʯ˸ܵһǰδеѹСģΨֲС˵ʯ̲ص顣
ΨѰƽ֪
꣡
ʯʿһƬɫٿȻնȾҹĿ֮ɫ
죡
У
һֻӼ
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޹İȵɶϢǴӴ˲ϼͷų
˶һֻ㱵ĸо·ǲϼڵ飬ħԨһļµ
Ϲˮϲг
˴ԭǴݺѰһһҩӮ֣룬Եɺ֮£гһļӼ
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޵ҲɫӣۼޱȣۼֵӼ޷ģǧ𲻻
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УǷģӡϹˮˣһĨܣ־緢
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ͼǺɫļӼϣɫȻɢԭ޹İǿɶҲ֮Ȼ˥
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ȴ֣ӼɼӲʯģһ˿
ͷ·ʧȥֻʣ˱ʬ壡
⡭޵Ҳע⵽һĻɵˣô
̫ͻȻ⧲
ԭӦһĻԵۣ룬תۼѷת
飬ǿɾһĲֵˣ
žѻȸֱʾˡ
ΨѰȻ̾˼Ӽɱʱ򣬱ôʱ˭Ūˣ̥Уʹ
⻰žΧкͻأɶϹˮԣ⻰ɲֹͻأǴ̶
񶾣
ٿѰһ˵ģϹˮ͵ػһ£ƵüѪ
̫ɶˣô
Ϲˮץˣ̣ͷѪʲôȸջһԵִǰ޶˶ʧʹ
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Ϲѣһ֣ԭѾӮˣڡСɮȴĪӮˣ컯Ū˰
Ѱһꡣ
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գסˣǼʯᣬ˶ӣڶ࣬ʾ䲻̬ԺڹŲ̧ͷˡ
ž
йƵģӼݺˤȥһУٵ⣬Ʒ裿Ϲˮ䲻𣡡
˵ţһ˳ȥŤͷߡ
ٲߣ¿Ʋסĵķŭȥɱˣ
Ի裬ͷǰϹõ𣬷ŵ£ұģƷСɮЦˡѰЦڡ
ͼԶϹˮһ򣬲Եÿˡ
治Ƕʲôʱ˵ֶ˵Ļ
λǿɶͷôߣǼᣬߣǷԵúܶ
أѰɫׯ࿪ڣЩŮ͵͵ߵļ󣬵ֹ
ЩŮᣬԭҪһɱģǣ˭뵽ͷʱ̾Ϯˣ
Ŀ֮£ˣڣһӵɱˡ
գֻˡ
һЩûд裬ȫҵ˳
ҲеļȫֵǮĶֳҲղƷ裬ԭΪΪˣǰоؽϣŹһ
˭룬ֱҪûǮҲԣǩǷΪ²Ϣ෬һ
軹ǴȱΪĺ
ǳ˲¹ͷˣ
գǻǵǩɥܴǷ
Χ۵һ޵߽һп۵ףԲпжԼʯһϲͨҲʱʱƫƫһһĶǬҲ̫аˣ
ѵⲻɣ
ףǿӼȥˣ˺Ȼ֣ǺɫӼˡ
类ϹˮⶼѾʧȥûʲôˣǸʲôɹЦ
ͬʱѰսǿӼѱ˲עʱ
ֻǣ׼뿪ʱȴ˲źۼסȥ·


991 Ӹɱ
·һ꣬üĿݰף̬Ϊڡ
ѰûǴԷӦǸǳһǰʯʥش֮һ
УҼҴʦ룬ɡԴƽͣȴһ޵Ը
Ҵʦ˭Ѱʵ
΢΢üǷһĨȣ
֣ȴħøע⵽ߵ߽ͫһƶû뵽λʥһڴ˿С
ѵΪղŶʯ飿
һ
ˣСɮ£ˡѴԺлᣬСɮȥ԰ݷҲ١Ѱԥܾˡ
ͳȫʶɶԷȴڴ˿̷룬ͺܷˡ
ңϹˮϹʥش˽ҲʵڲʱͶԷı档
㾹Ҿܾһǳʦֵ룬һĸǹԹԵظ
ǺǣСɮΪβܾܾѰЦˣһ仰Է̬Ǻ֮
㶼ʳʦΪģЩãоԼԳ棬ȴһӶǲʶ̧١
ǸСɮҪˡ
˵ʱѰŤͷߣߵǽһɴ䣬һ㶼ˮ
ԽԽѰиоԾ
㡭궼һץĸоδ̫ˣ˵߾ߣԼ
ɵҪȥסԷʱȴԾ̶֣һգۼ䣬Ǻоȫټ
ԣһ飡һУתҴҷأҪһʱ

԰̨ͤ¥鿣
ߵһ¥̨ϣλɫ뵣ͦţɸһ̻ᣬ֮С
Ϲ𡢹ͥһʥش˻ܶٶЩн
˵ҲһеҫڹŲӺɴʱڳǰȴò֡
ɴ˿ɼ֮ƺ֮ǿʢ
ʦ֣ǺֻðˣΪҪϹһϮۣɡ
пɲ򵥡彻ͳдһ˿ֱĵ
ϹˮʦܵĶԶĵ̸ʲôҸȤǣˣȥðز´ˡ
˵⣬һտȻǳȻĵâɫĽ潻ޱȡ
ðز´ˣ˽һ
زһصķʥأ̿ƿֲ֮ʥضѶá
Դƽȴȫ񣬡ԭһΪеز´Ҳ뵽˴˴μʯᣬɺܿͷ֣Ǿݼٰġ
˭ôӣϹǲ졣
ҲҺĵطʩչ֮ӦǴһġա֮ͫҲ㶼ɻ졣
˵⣬΢΢һЦɴұԶ϶ӦҲһĽɫʶһϾ֮٣ʶһЩȤҲ
˽ԻȻ׹
ʱǻҴʦ֣ЩԾ֮Ǻֱӿˣ
˽һһҲ̫˰ɣѵ֪ʦ־ڴ˵ص
ΪȻЦЦ˼ǲԸ¶ݡ
ԣôо飬ʦ֪п޺ȴܲʶ̧٣Ŀɱ˭죡أԹڻΪѰľܾʧ
ŶһһӣһƬ貵ĹƮٿȻһ
ϣһӰͦˣģ忡һϮ°ɫۣΪ
ǿϵôˣʡ
䣬Ϲ;סһôЩ죿
ͬʱԱߵĹͥҲɫ΢䣬˸
ʦ壬ȴһеǵ̯۵һ顮ʯǱã
ʲôһҲɫһȷ
ȷն
˷ӦͬԶϵˣһУ˭
Ѱ
ϹڸȷˣϸһĨ˵½ʱ¹ѧԺڣѰһߵƨɿĳѷõһγҲ֮ӿͷ
ͥҲͷɫ΢΢Щӣʱ꣬û뵽Է
ǶϵôˣԼʶЩԾˡ
ɻҶϵãϹҧгݣͽѰݽһ
ͬʱͥҲڣ˵һЩѰ½ϽɳһЩ¼
ô˵ӻǵ죬½綼ôŻ֮󣬷ǵ֪Ҽٰز´ˣҲԳƵ޼ɵˡһУһۡ
Ѱ
ܿ죬˾Уʦ֣Ӹɱ



992 粨
һ멣㷢ٵŮɿ˵մϢڲúŵīϬϹ֣ǱһѰɱŵ֪Ϣ󣬶´Ҫͨˣ
ʱȫΪ֮һ䡣
īϬϹֿһλڣһɱˣ
Ϣ̫ˣ
ݴһѾ׼󣬿ӺīϬϹ֣ʵʵǿˡŮһ䡣
ԭնʱͲЩʥش˻Ҳ˿
ɫѴһĨ⣬ԭֻǶݴΪز´˵ļһѡ
˭룬侹ǽ¶һѰļһ
½ʱӾϹ˽
ȶԭʥصһ顰ʯ
ڸղŶԶʱӵؿϹˮһ衣
Щ̸ʲôɵ֪īϬϹҲǱѰɱһѾͨó޷ˡ
ʦ֣ٵˣ̽жϹе
ʯУʯͷʥѪͬСɣܲߵƴУҲסˡ
ѦʥһλʦȻһʯļֵ
˵ҲǰޱȣһοʯʱۣΪֻѰ֮Ҳ뿪֮͵Ѱޱȵʯͷż䲻Ѱ
ɵȥʱȴѾһ
īϬϹֵҲһŵľǲԹۡŮҲˡ
ҲãӴʱӦûвй¶ʶӦòӵ̫Զͥʦܣ˴ж㰲Űɡ
һϡ
ңͥһ
ʹͬһطҲ˽⣬Ҳġ
ɡ
ͥЩԥ
˵ʵΪѰͬһط֪˴жҪȥ׷ɱѰʱһʱˡ
ȻǰȷѰͻìܣǶǰ飬Ѿȥˣѿ
֯ȥԸѰЩġ
ϾôǶ½磬һ֡ͬ硱
ôʣտȻͥƽɫȴͥ޾ѹ
ãͥӲͷƤӦ
Ϲʦܣ˴жͥʦܣסӺܲ򵥣ʵעҲͬСɣǧܴ⣬Ҫеİ벽ǰ֡
һ׼ʹӸղŵУѾʶѰһޱȵ
Ѱߣɵضˡ
ãϹԥӦЩȲѩܣ걻Ѱߵƨɿ֮󣬺ܳһʱ䶼̧ͷ
ڣץסʱˣ
֪ţͥһ֪̾ôԲȫԼ򣬺αһϹԼ
˵Ǹ˵ǡල
⣬ռһݹڴӵϣҶܸȤǴ˴ж裬һڼʯȥһðز´˵ļһ
˵⣬ӿֳһɿֲƣһɫڴ˿̳˷ơ

뿪ʯᣬѰԽԽоԾ
˴ΪݣⱻͥϹϳ˵ز´ľģ
֮ǰĶԶУδչ¶̫ΪƫƫأǳȴͻأظԼ룬ͺܷˡ
ֵϣ֡
Ѱһ˼⣬һ߳ǳضȥ
Ѿ̽ͨ콣λڶʤв򣬺͹Ųʮݾ·;֮ңԶ
Ȼ۷ɶݣҲҪһҵʱ䡣
ڵѰԣʱܶ˷·;ϡ
վѴǮݾݾ֮ǰĹŴǰͨ콣֮أ
һνջҲС
һ뵽ϵջѰǲһĨЦ⡣
ȣӵ̯ϼ©һ鼫ܲƴеʯͷ
ֽòϵıһʮƷ衣
ڸղŵļʯϣȻ;ȥͨһģȴ׬˶ʮҵƷ裬ԼǷ
źǣЩǷֻòˡ
ˣһջǾһšħļӼ
뵽⣬ѰвЩǲ㱻ԼϹˮӼûбϵǱϢŵӼ
ЦǣʱܻϹˮȴѴ˱ӵǱѰ
һʯȻܼȴǳע⣬ϧǰ
ӵСͫ츳ܹѰ޷ƵԶ쵽һʯеİء
ȻֵߵĶԻѰע⡣
ͫ
Ѱһɫ΢䣬ʶﲻԾˡ
֮ǰڼʯϣǳǿԼαװ
һֻҪԼĿ¶Ȼһʱ䱻Ϲ𡢹ͥʶԼݣ
е鷳ˡѰһ̾ǧ㣬û㵽ԼΪ¶ݡ
뾡뿪
Ѱһʶء
ɲֹϹоɳ𣬲һɱīϬϹ֣类ʥص֪ѰڳУעһ׷ɱˣ
ಣ
Ӱ˸ӿ˽Ųȥ



993 ֪η
ಣ
һӰزõ磬ԦѤĶݹ⣬ХзС
ʥشϹ𣡡
ʥش˹ͥ
죬ôʥصĴˣҪʲôôƣ
ֵıǽֵϣǵע⵽糱ˮӿѤݹʱԱ嵽ˡ
϶дҪ
ȻʶܲѰ
죬ȥ֪ͨǿߣЩһϢͨ϶ܲ̽ʲô£
ʥǹŲݵһͳ̹ۺ
һͳеഫȴһֳ˴ƣ벻Ŀѡ
ˣ
ͬʱϹУһͭӻԲѩī
һϹ챦ֻ貶׽ֵһϢע˱Уͻᱻ
ƾĻòټҲᱻβ׽
ڶʯʱ²ϢճʦƶϣȻʩչҲ޷ǵ׷
Ϲܵ⣬ǹһĨЦŲݿʥصĵ̣ˣϹضУ
˱ãԱߵĹͥʡ
ϹЦʦܣֻæ׷Ӿ㹻ˡ
һ仰ùͥʶֹǳϹҲԼ
֪Ѱɲ򵥣ϹʦСһЩ½ϽʱҲġͥȻ
ʲô˼ϹɫһͥĻ˱ѰһƨϵĳһĻ
ûʲôжҸʦСһЩĪΪ⣬ǳʲôʧοɲܹġͥ䲻
ߣģҲѰƵãܣȥʦϹҧгݷݡ
ˣ
ڴʱǰĹͭһܻһɬķš
׽ϢˣǱߣ׷Ϲһâ䣬´

һʥش㣬ϹǳǶȥ
˴γʥشˣ洫ʮλŵʮλ
ˣЩߵӡߣϰ֮һ֧ޱȵ
ŲڣѾԺˣ
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ǹϵͳƣнеĵۻʣͳԦһиҲߡ

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ŲݾڹŴһλʥأһλɳƳǣһλڸľǡ
УɳƳǾŰʱִܹ
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ѰҲûżӶݣܺ棬Ϊ˶ԸԼ˴ʥؾɳ˶ɫ
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Ѱ㡣ͥЩӣ겻Ǹӵ۹Ұ֮߳꣬Ҳ˺ܴı仯
ΪǿϢҲӳȺʹݣһڲͬĳɣ͵ȫһˡ
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ѰְɣĺˣͷһᾡΪ飬ϾҲǴ¹ѧԺ̺߳ʵԿ֮ѡţֻҪһϧŵĳʦֶ̫Ϊ㡣
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ɣϹɫɭȻ֪ΪγʦҪƿش˴жҪһǷģһɺ⣡
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衭ǲɵϹһĴ㵡
Ǵ˴ʦڣǿ֣£ѰȴȻɺǰһ治֪ôдģ
΢һЩߣʱֻҲ֣ҪôҪô֣̿һһһ¹ˮ̵ӡ
ʥشҲڹŲݣֻݣŵô
ǰȴܷǻͷһμ˲֪Ľɫ
Ҳԣһ½߳ӣ֪ߵغҲҵǸ߹ˡϹЦһȻģ
;ͺˣ֪η˵Ĳˣ
ˣʦѹѰɲһˣΪ֪ͥüԱѡ
ʵЩȥˣһɱīϬϹֵǿߣ֪֮ͽ
ͽʱˣС˵ϽɣϹɫȳ
ͬʱϹһӣλһ֪־Ǹܵģְɣ


994 ɲǷ

ϹĻ䣬һޱȵѳ
ͭɣýбըӥˡ
䣡
ӲӰ˺ѿ̶ĺ
һ˲һͷԶ񱪳⺷ƣһͷһĵͳ˿ɱȡ
Ф
ʥ洫֮һ־е콾սսѪǿ
һҪˡϹǼˣ¶֮ɫ
ʥص洫УФǿģ츳Ҳģȴսһӣ
ֵĽɫѾݹǣ
ѰʦԣҪС㣬ΪһҵǺڴ㾿жǿ
Фˣ꽻͸̹ǵɱն
óǿֶΣͷ­šΪ֮ǷһĨҰĻȣѰ綢һ
ѰɫŶһ˹ԸĻ治ʸҶǿֶΡ
Ф磬ЦϣʱҲ񣡡
䣡
˵ʱ̤գӰһѸѰɱȥ
˻ûһ⺷ѪȵŨɱѾ羪κ˰ѹȶ˼Ϣ
һˣһʬɽѪгɱ
ФʦܵɱԽԽˣϹǽо̾
ˣ
Ф˻ܼ򵥣ָУ£Եúֱܴ
ֻҪܿФһһֶǬĴƣְ˻ϣƾһ޿ӣ޿ɱܵС
ѰȻФ͵Ķһܿӵſƾ޵衣
ϧѰԣһȴɲ
ͬһư赭дͿѻƽ档
䣡
ײҡض
󣬾ͼФĥʢĹꡣ
һܵԼһƾһڴԨ֣Ҫû
սӡ
Ф𣬽ý⺷ŷʢԣ⺷ڶ˫ۣ̤Ѱһ
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ȥ߳ҲʥعȥֻһСͷҪΪУǾһ룬סҵŭɡ
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֪Ф֮Ϲˮգضһ汻ʦ˵ˣ
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Ҳʥһϵͳ֪Ϊ׷ɱһħ񣬾ϧ޵ֻ»ᱻ˳Цɡ
ǲӵļֵϲд컯˵ǣǱ֪Ҳ᲻ϧһд۽¡
ƷɫĮҲΪԭ򣬴ӲŻᱻ׷ɱȲ֮£Żӵⶫʤѡ
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˽ԻȻ
²˳٣ʼжɣ

ͬʱѰüͷ
֮ǰ֮뿪ɲǺʹȻԭ֣Щ׷ɱļһһˡ
˭룬ȴиΪǿϢٿһֽŹѡȥ
֮ǰǲϹЩɫ׷ɱԼûԼʵ͵ơ
ڡֻѾͬˣ
ѰԼ¼ֻҪȥ϶ܹ˽⵽
ƾݺֶΣҪȡЩϢҲǶƤӵ顣
ԤҪ鷳ˡѰһԤУ·ϣעһ޷ķ籩ϯ
ǰѰȻΪ˷Ǻͽǣȥʾ֭ȥ˼֮
ڣѾͬϹҲеǸԷһ
ΨһѰеֵǣʥȫԸԼע̫಻Ҫ鷳ɱ١


995 ɳĮ
ಣ
ѰԥۣȫٳɳƳǷȥ
Էżǿ׷֮һŲݾڵİһȶԷİţҪ뿪ŲݾЩˡ
֮ѰвȴԸʱ˷ֹ鷳ϡ
иҪҪ
磬ȥһͨ콣ڣ

ɳƳǡ
λڹŲһƬ嫵ɳĮԵش
ţƬɳĮԭһɸأɽˮ㣬뵣ȴ٣Ϲһλʥеһħ٣
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ɳĮŲҵɱ֮粻ħ㲻޵߳ɳĮ
ɳƳǣɳĮ
ಣ
һӰԶһģƮȻأɳƳȥ
Ѱݴ硣
ţ
ֻǣյִ⣬ѰͿǳϷһͨ񣬻һ忡ˡ
·עͨݣѰºħ׶񼫣ĺṩߣһƷ裡
ʱ޵Թָָۣͨ㡣
Ӿʥͨ϶һ޶ħͷ
Ҳ֪ɳʲôŭԹ飬Żᱻͨ
۷׷ס
ѰȻû뵽ʥصĶ졣
ɣֹǰɳƳǣֻ¹ŲǳУҲѾʼƵͨ
ֻΪ˱𣬶ϲܻһϵͳʦڣôȻͼı
Ѱһ˼ʱһ߳ȥ
룬һϳ¾ɣӡ°߲Ϣļ̳ŻɬĽƲϢ
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Ψ߿ռʥˣܲȴ󷨣õ߿ת˲գǧ֮⡣
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һȺһȺ߶ͭǽڣפڴ͹ܣոߴ
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һ֪ħѣҪ͹ǲԺ󵫷һħͷҪ
һЩҲ¡
ȻЩߺѰһҲ͹Уȴ֮⣬Ȼܲ
ʥصּ⣬ȥʥۣٹ룬ŲŽͳͳץϣһߴȣ羪ף˷
ʱЩʱƻ
ʥҲԵһᣬ󣡡Ѱڣⲽǰǰ뿪Ψһᣬʥص׷ɱһжˡ
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䣡
Ѱ̤գӰٿȻɲ֮ǰ̽һץָԨ貵ԣֶ¡
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Ͼǹ֮ʥϽֹǣڿռŲƵİ壬ܹȥƽġ
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㣬׺ᣬֻò˶ҲҪϾʥصɲһܹԿġ
ಣ
ûãһȺʥصǿ߼Ԧݹ⣬ǵصĻȳƵģѹƲ
գƾǬ
˽⵽Ϲʱ꣺豻ˣ
ˣ
ʾѾɳĮС
ɳĮ
֧ƺƵĴûκε飬һγɳƳϿӹɳĮȥ
һ죬Ų𶯣ʥصһͨ߱˲֪ٻȻ
ħ˭
ǾߵɻΪڴ֮ǰǼ˵ϻһ
ӹɣ˽쿪ʼħ񡱵ˣѾʼǵҰ
жʥصĺڹŲչһһصķ
һʱ䣬ŲݸĳǳУһɽϢ
ֳĶ̫ҲԽʶ˴ʥ˾Ҫħ
ããɳĮУѰڷɶݡ
һֽûжúۣһǴ˱Ĵ衣
̫ˣϾһʥأһ¶˵׼Ϲ죡


996 һնŲ
ΣʱֵܷھͶãԵ̫˷ˡ
֮ǰǰɳƳǣѰΪ˸ʱ䣬Ŷúۡ
ڣ͹Ѿ޷á
ѰĿǰҪǵģǸθȫشʥزµ޵Ӷﵽ뿪ŲݵĿģ

ֻǣѰȴû뵽ŸսɳĮһСʱ
㣬վסһȺߺгţǰ·ϣһɫɱ
ѰӰһȣԹ½̲飬ӣɱ⣡
ɱ⣿
Ѱһ۾ͿЩ޵߲ʥ֮ˣӦʥ
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ѰŶһͼǰУЩٲȻһҪȥļơ
ǿ֣һ󱩺ȳ
ৣৣৣ
ԴһڿգȥΧѰ
ǵҲѰ֮ǵѪĺݽɫ
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䣡
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Щֻǰһ˺ķ籩ϯݺݵ׷ɳȥ
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׹ߵ䣡
ݶסӨ׹ļϷһ㼦Ƥ񣬾ҲǱɷޱȡ
⾿һֲ֣
ħ
Ϊλǿ
ˡѰĿ⿴ɫͫһ˿в
Щֹ׷ɱѻһӵŭ𣬶ڱˡ
ɱսϣֻǸտʼѡ
չҪʥףѰһˣ޿Ҳǰ۵ģ
ӣ
ûκγɣתӡ
Ķ֣˵Ǻĵеˣܽ
µǣ˴׷ɱѰУҲһܹƺߵģ
ʶһʱ뵽ľߣѹѰϢţųǿɱӡ
ֻǰһǰ·ϾͱѰӰס
ҪϾɱҪ֪ĵÿһϵͳĽڣʧһһԻ᲻ϧһдҲҪ
ɫɷףݺ˵
Ҽ㲻ɱǣǳҲҪɱңȻˣЩвң
Ѱ˵ʱѾ֣ûκεĳɡ
ʲôĵӣȻҪԼ͵Ϊ˳еӦĺ
ûκ⣬Ƭ̺Ѱǿѹ̱˵ϡ
ѰĿ⿴Щµʥشˡ
Ӱ
һǶħ̫ˣ
Щ˲ֻӴܣһƷһ־ѱѰûС
ս϶ˣѹˣʲôħ񶷣
ѰѾȻӵ˻ȥͨ籨ţй¶ԼϢ
ʩչ󤲽ݶУչ׷ɱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ҹɫУһһѪ䣬һȴԵˡ
Ѱɱ˲գ۵ҲǱ׷ɱóŭˣʺͶԷûжޣȴ겻ɢ׷ɱ˭˭ܲŭ
գֻʥشߡ
ѰѾȥ׷ˣΪСѾ⣬һĸҡ
ֺڵȻǿ󡭡ֻΪһ㣬ȴսǣԺ󼴱ͬҲɲκˣ
ѰŸղսһĻĻȻһ֮һ޵зɣǾþɱĥǿ־
Ѱˡ
Ͽдʱ䣬ѹƵµΪ˳־ڡ
Ϊս֮俴ֻһ㣬ȴѰս̥ǵı仯
ҲǸղܹǿƻɱսϵĹؼڣ


1001 ǹ
ֺ̤ڣҲζţֻһˣ
ϣ󾳷룬;һȫµĵزߣ
˾̤֮֮;
񣬴֮٣˵ѰֻһΪԲزڴʱȥǽ˵ľ
ڰ벽
ѰѾν벽ڳʱһֻżȴδǿߡ
֮޷ǾһЩʧܵǿߣ
ǿʵǿͻ󾳵ļȴ֮ǰάȣڴϵĴ΢
ڹŻУ벽Ŀ֮ڣһ뵽Щڳʱʧܵǿߣ֤ǰ׵飡
ǧ־ǿУҲõһλڡ
Ҫ֮أҪʹ֮˶̺ʵż̵Ҫ󣬹ؼˣ
ˣ
Թ߲ƵĹʶ
ѰЩһľľ;ҲΪ翺ͼɬ
ϾϹʱǴ˵顣
ݹ۹Ž񣬾ɾ޵ĸﲻ֪µ콾Ҳʤ
ܹ̤ģȴ޼
޷ٳһɹ֤˵ӣ
ԭܼ򵥣̤Ҫ컯˵ġ
ʱӵ쾪޵ĵ̺츳ҲעԵ˾
ͬ
һǰδеĴ٣ϵͳжϳڴ˵ȴ֮Уؽľߣ
ৣ
һӲӵӰʼޣ֮۳һֻƸߵ͵ġСˡ
С˽üĿֱǹһϮǹûɣƮһĻ
ϲԵĽֳһּµӢУüīǳֱͦһ絶Ļȡ
һͷںڵķ˿Ժҹһֳ֮
΢Сһˣȴν˶Ǿˣֻ¶޷ӵ㾫µˡ
ֻǣԵᣬͦǹ塢ᶨԼ󱳸ŵһһɱĹ°֮С
ˣҲС˳峺ƽ͸һʽС
ޣ
㲻ǵһοСѰǱСһΡ֮ģݺݾ޵
Щʣ̲סСһΣ㾿ǹĻĸģ
СһԽüˣʿɱ裡ѵҪڮҵ𣿡
ϴ̲ĺСһ̺ŴġǺˡ˳ɱ䣬ĵ׶Ρ
ֹǾһѪ츳ɻΣٱԭĳ
С˵ɻ֮󣬲ϵġ桱ӵԼĵк
ֻǸоģҲ̫Ưˣ㡭кӣѰСһĺ档
ˣ۾ڿСɫһڣŭޱȣΪѰĿڴ˽λƺҪȷʲô
ŶûʲôѽͦĹѰæջĿ⣬˸СѾٱıԵˡ
СǷһĨĻȣ˽ԭӡĺԻ񣡡
ܷ񿴿ѰԣЦ֮ģСһϢܲһ㡣
ܡСȻܾɱ˵ģǱģˣѵ
ѰٸкûӣҲ֪СֱԣΪڮ١
ʵʲô
ɱС³֣ӢƥСһޱȵģ
ӿ湻ƨġѰֹ
ˣҪˡ
С˵ţԹѰʶУˣԺҪʲôèҳֽɫҵĽ¡
Ѱǳ鴤һ£˶˵ħСҪŰ
˵С֮սɱ־ߣҲ׾ٵ顣
ңսʽأϢר꣬ͻȻ֮£ȫԻа벽
һĿɲ֮
ȻطӵرĶ֣Ǿһˡ
ֵĸʼ֮С
ѰرɲѰ֮ϡ٣ܹӵرĽɫ붼ա˴ȸ

ҹɫī
ӻһ۾ͿվѰ
ʱ޳Ľ޾˲ɷޱȡ
УѰٲȻѳΪ˺ˮްĴڡ
ֻǣ־֮࣬ȴɻԼţ
ܿ죬ԭˡ
Ȼ׷ɱȻ˸ж֮Բɱ㣬ֻ˽һЩϢϣһһѰڣ
ռ֮ɻͲġ
У˾ǵˣŮ
ԭΪЩлȻãһ𣿡
йǺ͵ģѾ½ƣȻɱҲܡ
ѰԴƽ
ˣҲҾͻӡҲƽдžȻ֮ɫ
ȻǾͱˡѰ
Цмһԣһӡ
һĿ̣㣬Ұ·ǹ⣬ĳǳصĳǰΣѰЦԴǺ⡣
ȴһ䣺ң
ѱб֮ģһ뵽Լر޵޼ɵɨԼ壬͸еһ˵Ϳֻš
һ˵ѰȻţھͿһԡ
ɣû뵽ħĵ޳֮ͽֱ𣬱ݶҧ顣
ұɣ
ѰӿһĨâʥ겻ɢ׷ɱһˣͲɣǿЦˣѵֻɱңͲҷ
ŭǷҲ˵ֶΣɱң
Ѱ÷ϻʼˡ

ͷѱ˺ѣ¶ѩԲͷһƬӨϸǰҹɫ·žӨ֬Ĺ
Ѱ㱰޳ܣ֮Уû뵽ѰҪǣ˵ָͷˡ

һƬѱ˺¶һԲ׵Ĵȼ
׻ˣ࣬ĿѣѰҲһλ̤۵һܶҪͲ±ʥر±ȫ޵

ѰΪ첻ϵѺܿͱ˺Ѷ޳Ҳ֮һ¶
һκѪĻ棬ΪʥصĴ󡰽Ů֮һܹ׷ͰĽȻһ޿ľɫˡ
ޣʤѩϸ֫ӯӯһգ޳ʥŮĽɫ˾
ߣ˵ǹ·ˣֻ¶κ֮ġ
ɺȻһѰǰͳͳûá


1002 Ⱥͱ
üһ£پ£һͷںٵ˿ɢ䣬д޾ŭһھӨҧø졣
޿ɣȷǸѵһˣȻǷŭޱȵʱҲ˭޷һ㡣
ֻʱѲһλ߸ϵʥؽŮһֻ׵ᡣ
һᱻǧеģһ޵Ѿޱȣоǿ̹ǵĺ⡣
һ죬϶Ҳһǰ档Ѱջûвȡһ
һѽԷУ˼ϡ
ŶԷӨļȻѰ˲ʶŮĲδױأڼ
ȰñˣҲûãǱ˿ģζ϶ܡѰЦųԶȥ
߷޵һڳѰҧȥ
ֻǣһͲҽУѰͷΪһѩݶ
ž
Ѱ̧һƴڶԷƨϣʵ㣡
ϻʹҪˣίַŭпܣֱ޲ðѰ̻ˡ
ֱ̫ɶ
ʥغĵӣ绪ݾף°㣬һֱֻбӵغͰĽķݶȴ裿
쵰ԺԲú
Ѱţɫ˵Ҳı䲻ĴûһЩˣֻء
۾ɴһƥںХһֹ޳ܣֱһʮåðǧУ
δǳ֪£͵űɣʵڱƼˣв
Ŷ
ʦʥһλ̤㳤پߣ
Ŷ
ҡ
Ŷ
˵ʲôѰһֱһĲɵģһ㶼еɵҪˡ
ʵǶʥģ֮һЩϢΣף㻹ˡѰȻ
Ҷ£㣿м
Ѱһֱڼϣãһֻƾ׸һ㡣
ɼˣ߷֮ģ·һһЩ˸ô졣
ǰ֮أһǳأھҲֻʣʱҸһᣬ濼һ°ɡ
Ѱ仰ٲ˵һ֡
ƽ̬ȴʶһģ˵
һʱ䣬ķݣìܵ˼£ܵһǰδеļ尾
߳ܵζ񶼲ģĨɱܣֻһ

ԽԽˣԶɽɭҲϡ١
ԼҲжϳò˶ãǼԶĵƽϣȻһǳء
һ뵽Լܽڳϱ˲ιۣһ˿Ҳױˡ
ľǣ˴жǡ
նľУվǵͷԼ֪һЩϢ˵˳
˵ʧ˻ǣ񰵵ɫҰܡ
ѰԼһ·óϣŶԷģ̲ס̾Ϣ֪ˣαص
Ĭ
ģ֮£ֻ֪֪ȻҴӦһȻ˵
Ѱ˵գ仰ӰһʧԶããҹɫУͽһԭء
ҹϰϰԭãָһЩʶԭɢ»ָһĨ
ܵˣԼѾ𽥻ָ
һ죬Ҫɱħ
ҧ㣬һѽϵקݺյ
һ£һѣ¶ļڣһָֻ̣˴ǰĽģ
ϧ黫ƹҲ뵽ҸϢȫǼٵģЦ˱ĳС
ûͣԶȥ
ৣ
뿪ûãѰӰƾԭڵλá
ôͻָ˷ɣŮ˸ղȻûľ㣬ղãֻ²ǼװģҲȻмװĳɷ֡
Ѱ˼ӰһȻȥ
һˣĴҪĵһʲô
ȣ

ߣ߼֮
ѰֻѾԼ֮ǣȻȲһʱ䱨Լ
ҪͱȻԮ
ѰҪô
֮ǰ˵ЩϢģǼٵģѾҪ
ΪʼգѰûӶԷ׳Ϣ

ܽСģʱǰзżƼȦǰС
ýѰ϶Ůй
ֱɫҹɫȥһ޳ǵ˵ƽϡ
ִ˵֮˿תͷĿ·޶ϣֳһĨ̹ǵĺ⡣
ţȻ߬ѩ׵ȭͷתһϵľ޳ȥ
ʼߵѰҲһΪԼ¶ˣԷ֡
ȻǶˣղŵľٶԴһйζ
ǡѵ˴׷ɱԼЩʥشˣɴ˵ɳģ
Ѱһ˼⣬һ߳ȥ

һֺޱȵĹϽУ˿һ˪۵ʥشˡ
Ϲ𡢹ͥȻҲС
ڶ࣬ȴԵĿÿߣӵһŮǹ¡
һŮ˪ϣӡʥغĵӲӵеĽɫǳ־
ӹɣǺսϡһǴ˴ǰɱѰľ
ô£Ŀ꾹ڳǿѵսϺȥһĿһˣ
أһĵü
һӵһͷɫߴӣѩǧۣںĵУҲǰ׿
ԭϹִƵġ
ʲô˽һ׷׽Ŀ⿴
ȤսһҲʧ֣⡣һЦڡ
ʲݣޱ߷Եúܱ⣬ΰͬһλĵӡ
Ӧ̸ʧ֣սϺһжԸһѾ´֮࣬ˣֻѩǧʦԣĿǲһˡ
һŻݾŮڣ彿С磬ɢһɾ˵⣬һһǵȻȻϢ
񱦱
ǺǣĿҲʧ֣ҳħѱˣԴ⣬ȴһ޷εİ⡣
ʹţɡ񱦱Ц
ʥش˽ԳĬ
ΪλĵӵĽ̸Ǹʸ졣
Ҳ˵ЩҲǣĿᳯ߿ˣ⣬ģѩǧü
򵥣϶ãŲ·ӹˣ֪һٸӣҲЦ
˶̲סЦˣǱʶҲΪ῵˵
ֻҪӺͿˣĸɵܵ˵ĵϣⲻ
ͽʱҲҲôӵù
չǣԭɫ䣬Ȼŷһ˵ƣһαսϺȳʵ֤̫ĿˣһΣĿȻͶ˭Ҫϳˣ
Դϣһɾ˵ɱ֮ڴӶ˻һ


1003 ɼ飿
Ͷ𣬲ãǵ׷ɱУܹڣɲһܹ쵽ġ
·ûвɱѩǧԹԳΪ̤۵ûһʱǰܴںεĿģǶܴˡ
˻һ˰Եͷ
ڱ׷ɱʼֱѾȥʱ䡣
УŲݵĴСǰɱħ
ֱڣԷɻȻ
ʥߣ˲ٴˣȶ⼶İ벽ʦԷˡ
£ֻҪЩ;û˸Сħ
ôѩʦĪΪɱǵģЦǵ̣ħǿҹһ˺ǽа壿
˶٣һ촽ˣǾͽӽҴþͺáͬΪҸɱ
ֻѴңҪ⡣ѩǧСʻ괬ĵܸò᲻ɣ
ǿԵ޵̬֮ʲôˣһն֮ӣȻ
һλϹ㻹һն֮ѩǧ۵Ȼ
ѩʦ̧֣ˣϹԵâǱצʱƣףտȻ֮ԡ
ۼѩǧۺҪִԱߵ񱦱æȰ⡣
ˣҶΪɱħαΪ˶˺
ӽˣ
ҲڴʱѩǧбһƺâϣѰϢ˱ڡ
λʦܣɱĿʱˣǡѩǧɫ֣أҪ´
ȴ˵꣬ͺȻɹЦһӰٿȻһɫ磬һɣ
ʱѩǧɫһһεĿֲϢҲ֮Ӷһѹֵ˼¡
Ȼصŭˡ
ѩʦ֣Ҳ޷Ҳ֪֮ǰǲսϺܲˡ񱦱
Ȼżȥѩǧ䡣

ԶԶأһ޴ϵĽѾҰС
ִ˴޶ȴЩ粻Եúԥ
˴θɱħʥʱ̾ԶĹϽڡ
ȴ֪ȥ͡
֮ǰжνһͿأ̫裬սϱһʥشҲȫû
ԼҲ޳ܵء¡͡衱
֪οڣ
ʥغĵӣһз绪ĽŮȴﷵأʧߵݽȣ⡭
һ򽾰ݣ
ֵˮ֡
·ǣӰ޳ʱԶ֮Уޱȡ
ò˵㼫ŮӣĿĿ
ৣ
ɾڴʱһӰϣɢ貵ԣɫ䡣
Ƽʢһʵľƥɢõýֵ϶ʱһ󼦷ɹҳһš
ʦܣʲôˣؿϵһӰ
ʦ㣿Ǻǣڴ˴жйȻʧˡ
ϣЦʲҵĳ⿪ؼ䣬ӿ˿˿ɫ绡âˡ
ô֪һ䣬ΪԼ鱻й¶ȥˡ
ħѾˣס˭
ɹЦʦ㣬жʧܣ֪вʹ죬ûϵһħΪ棡
ħˣ
㲻Լ䡣
Ҫѯʣͼ͵طһХħ񣬼Ȼˣһս·
羪ף쳹ڱϿգƲ㶼顣
ʲôħ񣿡
죡ħͷǱˣ
ֵϣȻϣҲԭֵֽϣܿͱ

ͬʱʶɢ糱ˮ㳯˷Ӷȥ
ѰӵֻҪԷӣ;Ӳķۣ
㱡
ͬʱ͵ز˿ӦϾͱһֻΰס
һɵǴֵʱֱƵģɷףС
Ҳû뵽޳ܵĶħ
һϮ°ɫ忡Ӱͦ㣬ףһ·Ѱ
ʱվһһִֻԲļϣԵúǡ
Ψֻ֪ɢεȿֲ˲ͱ޷
ͬʱոߴҲĿ⸩£˲סһӰ
Ȼ㣬֣Գսɫӿս⡣
Һķ㣬ȴƭңҺѰ΢Ц˵
ھǣе³ֱõú߶ˡ
ѰеĺζȴӲ׹ߡ
̫ǰжֲˣȭܻɱսϣսھ۵;϶̬
ң˼ɣ޼ɵΪĿģʲô޳ܺͱӵʽʩչ
һαԷסһֱĸо
ǡϣһЩɣôôоѰԵ̫ˡ
οɶл·ˣ㣬ҲֲˣﾹôȲɱҵĻ˶ѰЦ
ʲôʦ㡭
ͫһֲħǣԭԭ㾹ɼˣ
Ϣ̫һʱЩ
Ѿ߷޵࣬е˵ҡ
˵꣬ͱѰס˺촽ǵ£͸ǳˣҲܲסǣοҿһֱڰ㱣ܣѵñ֪
ɴһ̣£ħǹҪ䣡
ʦ㣬𣿳ʦֿδôԵ𣿡
ϣɫ䣬ŭ񣬸û뵽Ϊʥغĵӣȴᱳʦţ͵˹һֱ֮ܣ
ȥʥص϶ⲻɣ
ѾҪˣ뵽ᷢ飿
ƫƫأ˿̱ѰסҪʱͳ
ѰһʮĶħźлᣬֱ޲ýǰѰ˺ˡ
ǴӣأһɫٿȻѩǧ۵Ӱ
ʦã㡭ͬʱ񱦱ҲˣӿգҡҷˣվȻ
ܿ죬ϹϹˮͥЩʥص洫Ҳ֡
ǵӰ鸲ƬܣӴƣѹȵ˶
ֵϣȥ¥գյˣɱ
ֻǣѰܱȼʱѩǧۡ񱦱ҲȻ
ĽͺǿĿⶼһˡ


1004 Ѫħ
ɼ飿
ѩǧۡ񱦱Ϲ𡢹ͥǣЩţζţѱţ
Ǿ޷ԭº̵ģ
һʱ䣬ǿĿⶼˡ
粻ãôɵĿעţļֱ类㣬ǰڣҪʡ
¿ģѩǧԲš
Ͼʥصĺĵӣ̤۵;ӵŹޱȵǰ;ѡ͵˽ͨ
ûħǱģ֪̾ⱱУ
ۼһΪʵл飬ǲһġ񱦱üо¹ͻأͻ޷ܡ
ôѵΪƭǲɣãɫ䡣
ִһţѰЦˣһһƭңҲƭǣˣڻίһ¡
壿
ܣ
òѪĿܻͬѰĻ
ֻǣӦͱѰֱӶֱУ
λ𣿡Ѱʵ
˵ʱϢȻһ䣬ԭȻӰһڵ֮ɫ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ĿⶼѰɫоͲ⣬û뵽ΧסˣѰ˵ûһ
֪˲м
Ѱͷҽ浱ҵȲɱ㣿ϹеףѰǺ֮ǡ
Ѱȷʦã˵ϣҵȻһ棬һ·񱦱һڣǾᱳŵġ
ʦ˵Ĳǿ޼ɵħ֮緶ǣֻ޷ˣΨһǣ˭ҹһ
ѩǧҲڣӿâ
۲£ѰʼԵҲ̫ʹݣоЩԾ
ѰɹЦУǷֻܱܣ

ԭ򣬲ʥش˶һһ׳յģѰ
һǷ˻ɵˣ
һˣҪʥأʥˣ˵ִ󻰰ɣ
֪
Цмڶ
֪ʱڱǼԶĵط£ߣԶԶһС
ɵѰνġʱҲΪˡ
Уʥ˶ڣѩǧȺľӣߣ˭˵ȴ󻰣
οŲݿʥصĵ̣
ħһˣѾΧԲѣǶɣһǷ֪ʶʼ˵ˡ
ʼգѰɫƽһ˿
˵ɱīϬϹʱһѵ㻹ʼʩɣ
ѩǧۼѰ򶨣о̤ʵ̽
˻һвһݣǿͬҲ˵¡
ѩǧһ仰ȴǶһ
¸㣬ּãǼȻɱ㣬ȻѾȫ׼ٸκλᡣѩǧУ쬵ɨѰ
ȴѰԸǣòһӡ
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ԾģħУʥѩǧͫһ
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ҲڴʱѰɱ֮ŭתһ־Եǿ̬ƿ񱦱зһ߬ס˶Էѩ׵Ķ쾱



1006 Ψɱ¾İ
򵥣ֱѸ
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ĽȴܵһͿأ
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飡
һ̣ǰһڣʱʧȥʶ
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䣡
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ټıǣĩպƽ٣췭ظ㣬ǵȻκ޵ߵ
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ͨ컯ͣĹԻ֮УϣƮǧԡԼ䣬ʥоĵƮ
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ȴû뵽ʧȥѩǧۿƺһѿƾսìܾǱǰδеǿ԰㣬һƿֱĽ

һ˲ͻһɫ磬˺գٿȻȥʧӰ١
Ѱüһ֪̾ʥ֮¾˲ٿأҲ˭ܽġ
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Ѱ𣬵ϾйأҲΡ
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ʶ˿׷ɱЩʥشʱѰü֮ᣬΨˣİ
СҲˣƸܵѰ쳣Сһִʱû˿ˮ
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أʥش˵ĿԽԽ١
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ѰȥıӰͥסɫ㱣ţԼлĻᡭ
㲻ѣҲŵġ
ͥɫӣô˶ˣȴȻػţ֪ѱģ


1007 ºԸ
ĺɫ
Ѱ⣬ȥټıǣһݣ̮ܷ档
ʥܵȷڿֲѰԼУֱҲֻܷӳ֮һܡ
ɼܣȴɿǾ춯ˡ
ݷХ̺Ѫȵζ
Сأһ򽾰ͷ­ȴ΢΢£Щѻˣ
Ѱһ㹻ˡ
Ҷԣȴǳ裡СӢƥϸһĨʣ߬ȭͷԺҲ鷢
˵ţѻһ⣬ʶС
Сһ°ޱȣִűѰΪ̵Ҫ
Ѱид֮࣬Ҳⵣģ֪СֱȥУǺǻ
һѰٶ룬ĿһƬƬɨзԸ
гһգѰ̤֮ϣڴˣ˵޹̫֮꣬ƽ
ֺԸһѰȻһĸܣľеαһɴᶨüᶨ޳޹
һ˿ڤڤеԸ̤ʥʥͣ´ԸΨˣͲ಻ʥ
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⣬߶ڼԶĿһѰϡ
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λǵұʥرһǰУͬȥԿʥأѰ㣬תʵ
˻һ޵ɫ䣬ǿɲ뱻ˮʥΪǺħһġ
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סֻгһ˿ҷгʵĴڳһһʱɱǡѰȻ
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С飬ţվ޷ƿԼˣһϵͳҲԲֵܹ۷ݵ
ǺǡѰЦгһ̤ʱ㻹˵
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ͬʱҲʵЩľ
ѰǱ̫ɲˣ־ΪӵѹͬԺʥǻ˵ã
뽫¾ţʶأٲһ˿תȥ
ಣ
һϣѰۣȫɳƳǷȥ
ڵһʱִһ͹ǰԷﱻ˲޵
ֻҪ쵽һ뿪ŲҲʲôˡ
ɱôʥشˣһϵͳֻ·񷢷費ɡ
أѰһҲûУֻҪ뿪Ųݣʥصвע١
ңѰȷ棬ԷҲֻϹԸԼ
ʥˡ
ʥػ޴ȼĴڶ֡
̫ˣʤͳ֪£ʥעɨء
Ͼһʥȥɱһ־ǿߣⱾͺܻƣԵʥˣ
ʶѰ˴ǰɳƳǣʲô¶ԸϹɱҲӦ֮
ǰǣԷô


1008 ƹ
Ǳ٣㡣
ħѹʥһڴˡ
ʥԾ춯ء
һҹ֮䣬ЩϢ糤˳һ־˵ٶȴŲݣһȻ󲨡
Ųݷӿ߻Ȼеľ
ţʥƽ̵֪ЩϢڴˤв豭ɫ˵ĸ֡
ӵ
ܿ죬Ϣʥ½ŭλϹڱչ߳Ȼ뿪š
˼ڱǼʯ̻ĳϳ˱Ƿ֮ǰ
ʥһ⻷֣ߵﶼܵĿ
Ϊ˶ԸħٱǣȻľ
ܿ˴ħǰɳƳǣñµλʥغĵӣȡ뿪ŲݵĻᡣ
һʱ䣬ŲݾڷӿʮԶ
ڲͬȫ⡰ħ񡱡
˶ħʱȴһ˲ð
ӹɣħ̤۵;ľһˣ׷ɱô죬أϮ֮٣ɱʥɾɣ㵣ħ֮ƣ
ܿ죬ѰΪҲ̽ӵһʱ׳һ𶯣ǸӳԾоš
޿һ˾ܽƣӡǿ£
һʵʥס糤Ҳסʥʥսìɱ
ʥҲøϵͳۺ죬ƥﻳȻûʥس֣Ҳᱻ졣
ǲ֪ʥŭ֮£Ƿܹ뿪
ЩϧħʲôȱΨȱһ˵ݺ
ĳϵͳĴˣ䴦עȫͬ
ԹҲħһµҫƾʵܽƣһ⣬͹ϵͳģûһк³
ԭڴһλ𣬿ħֻҲ޷ѱɱˡ
ʲôһ
ˣѰЩ쾡ܱ׷ɱȴѪȵս֤ԼŲݺ䶯̶ʱҲɢΪ֪
бףѰĴȴд޵߲
ףֻһԭѰǿվɳһпԺ绽꣬ɶʥȹϵͳԣȴκв
ң¼ҹһ޿ӵʥ۴ķ濴ɱ
˴ΣֳĶ󣬿ȴʥضŭǷܻ뿪Ųݶ

ЩϢ֮ǰѰѵִɳƳǡ
͹ǰɺѰһεִʱһһ޵߲ܡ
ңͬһˡ
죡һﾹֻˡɳƳǳɲɴӣһģ
ѰһѹĻ᲻˵ĿֲΪһҰܣ˲ĨȥӰ
޵ҲȻɫ䡣
Ǵʱ֪ѰڱǴ飬Ļֻ»塣
߰ɣｫ̫ƽѰûжķϻֱЩ޵ߡ

ƽƽһ仰ȴɲǻɱƨһȻɢŲ·ˡ
ⷴѰһԳҾ𣿡
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͹ǰѰˡ֮󡱽Уʼĵȴ
˵ʥΪѩǧ۵ˣȻűӱȽԼѰȴҴ⡣
һϵͳܹ̾ԳĿ¡
˴γ׵ǣѱǲȡһЩֶԸԼ
ʱһһơ
ҹɫ٣ɳƳԵޱȣﷱĽֵϣûˡ
ճţһѹֵϢ
УԴѰȻüͷһ壬ʶһص⡣
ԷϲѱڰвһЩֶԼ
ϣʥ˻᲻ԸԼڰг֣˭֪
һ뵽⣬ѰһݣʶԼЩǷˡ
пӵʥʥ˶ѣ
ֻܸıˡ
һ־裬Ѱٵȥˡ
ˣ
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һ̣ͼ͹󸽽ɲĽƲԣҹɫ񷶼ɷ׳ۡ
ܿ죬һʧ
ͬʱѰǱصϣ飬ɫ԰ףüһĨ޷εƣ
Ŀ⿴еĴƿʱȴһĨɡ
һ֮ҪķƷ裬񣬴Ѿƿȡ
ԵУƿļӳ֮ԷӳĽ
Ѱǳ
Ϲĵ֮һ֮󱾾ͼ£ɱǿߡ
ƿȡɴ˱ӳֺٴͷųʱᷭǣ
ԵУ䲻֮£ԿԷӳ˼Ļܡ
ƿڼȡֿɲʱҲѰļ󣬲㶼֧Ųס
Ҳ˵ĿǰԣѰƴȫҲֻԴƿ൱εٸߵĻ֧Ųסˣܵɡ
СĽƿѰһڴ͹󸽽һԻý
ֽɱȣٵĻϹﶼ޷ʵ
˲ģֻ˷һƷˡѰһ̾
ҲҪķĺģ䲻ȱЩƷһ뵽ֻΪͺķôƸҲЩۡ

ûãԻý˲Ϣ͹󸽽ȫڱУֹ赲Ŀ̽ʶ޷ʵ

ҹɫ賿
㾲ɳƳճǣĵģûС
ԽԽѹ֣֪ʱӿһƣǹⶼڱΡ
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Хãؼ䣬Ǻ㣬ޱȡ
Ȼһ貵Ӱڳſ֣ͨâǸҹɫɢ
ͷڣ£·ˣͶ֮䣬һ־ɣʥһ
˫ָⲽںڳĽֵϣգۣǳĴ͹֮ǰ
ǹԻý΢΢һǷһĨζĻȡ
ѰԸˡʵҹɫлصѡ
ֻǣüǣԻýȴ˻Ӧ

ЦЦȡһƷگԼĪƴСӡŷܶµͼ
ѩǧǣگġɫƽʼգԵúܴݺ侲
˻Ӧ
磬ԶԻýüôѵ㻹İɣУȻѩǧǣھɱҪ
ѴһĨмΪѰڽ͵С
ҹɫУֻзХ絶ȴɢǽе
þòõӦ𣬳ظֳһĨõԤС


1009 

ٿȻֳͫӲӵĻ棬һĨ˺ҹɫĵâԶԻýȥ
ͫ
һ츳Կ챾档
ֻǺܿ죬üԻýأԱƣȴ޷ѰӰ
ѵԷͲڴУ
һݣĿɨܣټɳƳǣѿյģûһ顣
ңɨ£ҲδܹöԷӰĵط
Ѱٲǿ˴󣡡޳ϱŷһɿֲƣٳ
ӣٳٵòӦҲЩˡ
䣡
һɫᣬ˱һ֣ڳɫԣѤóʢĪ⡣
ֻǣȳ֣һۻؼ쳹
£թɱīϬϹ֣Ϸƽɣ
һΰߴӰֳУ˰ɽ͸ֲƣ˷Ʊհ
ȻһλϹ
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Щ׷ɱ˽⵽ħֹ޼ɵĻòģǰԻýлɱ
䣡
Τ֣ۣһֻ֣ݺĴ¡
ɲǼѣԻý󷢳ֽȻҵĹ
ɾƽΤͳԶЩ⣬ɵĿ⿴ȥʱɫ
ͼԭ󸲸ǵĴ͹ǰһּϱдͣһлԵڰݷá
𲻶ؿһʯͷеһĪķƣѪ
𡭡һħ񣡡һһ٣ɫĿ£ɢɱ⡣
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һ뵽ղԼԹԵ˵ͶԷ̸оһƲסܸ߳С
ӸɱϹΤɫҲѿǱһСϷˣһȥǶ˲ɡ
ಣಣಣ
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ϣѰ̿һͼо
֮ǰΪõӵĸ򣬲ʱȻᱻס
ҲõѰҽӶݣΨְ;ϱԷɳϹء
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ǲãѰٶȥѴ̽ϢԼĪǧ֮һСˮĳǳڣͬһ͹
󣬱ݾڵһһššƿء
Ѱ뿪ãɻմųΤһ˵ִ˳ǡ
˳ĿɶϹλһ֣ʱ˴˳Ǻ䶯ͻȻ
뿪ˣ䷽򣬱ȻҪǰˮǣô͹뿪׷
Ƭ̺󣬳ɻҲһ㣬Хȥ
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˳Ϊأ޽һӴɽ֮ϣԶԶһɽǣһǳؾһƬɽйƵġ
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ֻҪִԲٵı׷ɱķˡ
λ͹ϾͽڿʼɷãһǧƷ裡һɽߴڡ
ǳŵǿߣѿŴ͹󣬵ô󣬶Ҫǽһʷá
ֻǵǧƷļ۸ʱѰһԾ۸֮󣬻治һ޵ܹܵġ
ֱȡÿ޵ߵķãɽóƷگ˴͹󣬶λףһ·˳磡
ϰ½봫͹󣬼ա
ˣѰŰһֻҪ뿪˵أԺɣʥǿֻҲ׷ɱԼ
Ͼʤ置󣬵ϵͳƿأʥٿڲĵ޼ɵ¡
ţֻǾڴʱһһȺӰ
¡
Ϊ֮ˣûִ̽һץǼתĴ͹֣ȡǶڹϵĽƷگ
˽Դ㵣䲻ɵһȺӰʱɫ䡣
ŵǿ߶һ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ΪǺȻλϹһˣ
ԺɨˮǣǳŵƽˣҲ֡
Ѱͫһ˳
ǣΪ׵ߣϢռţ󺣰䣬ɴ⡣
Ѱǿߣһ˲жϳ߾һϹɱȣѾ̤ϳ;ˣ
ˣ߸λϹһ棬ݾ̫ɲˡ
֮ȣԵв
Ѱһ̾һȴ飬Ҳ̫ˡ
ųһ˵ִƬʱţѻȸȺ㷲˺¡
ͬʱһԻͫ˲Ѱϣǲ¶һĨȣѰǿּˣ


1010 ֮
䣬Ũҵĳɱ
ѰҲ֪ԼʩչĴ޷ķۣԭΡ
޵ʶһ֧һϹĶ飬ר׷˶
Ȼ˼һ־˶ѣεºֵܾԴ
ңһЩ۹ⶾ֮Ѵװϳʥصǿߣ
ǹŲݵĹϵͳ֮ʢʤж
ͬʱɻաΤЩϹҲڴѰħ
Ҳˣ
ѩǧǽҿһЩ䣬ɫ顣
ʵһ·׷ɱһŭ
ǱѰϷˣɳƳ˸գһ·ӹŲ׷ɱݵˮǣֻһ͸Ŀꡣ
óǸҲƲסĵĻ
£ƷگԻǡѰԵú򶨣ڳ
С㻹ּۻۣΤȣȫ궼еޱѹ֡
һЩ޵߼ƲԶԶ˱ܣΨֱ
һŭѪƯ֣̫ɲ
ѰҲǱһûѪڣҲòϣԼȣվ̫ࡣ
壬㻹ʥأλȨأôô
Τɫһпɲױתޱȡ
ʲôʱ򣬸ˣ
ǻòͷˣ
䣡
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ΪͽƷگһģһֻǵصĴ֣жȻ̽צʱţֲޱߵΰ޷ܣ
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䣡
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˲䣬һƬѤãԳ˻֮ţܵӿƬء
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ã
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ңܣͱ޾ĽƲûʱҽУȼգ
ͬʱΤϹƲӶݣȴѾҲ֡
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ң·ͻȻǴԴֻ¶޷Ѱл˼ıˣˡ
̾ǳɻգΪ̤㳤һپߣûͱֲĽ֣ǿޱȵĲҽС
ȫȼһ缡Ƥⶼնϡ
ΤҲ࣬ӰûڿɲĽƲУƾɱƤǱޱȡ
Զ߾Ȼ̫ˣתۼ䣬λϹﾹѣ˶޷š
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ϵǣܿˡ
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ǳؼʱ̣Ǽһĺɫʯ룬ɢɫĹ󣬾ǵֵסһйӰٿȻԭشߣ֮⣬˲Ҳûʲô
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ˣǾһ亹ɫʯ룬ڼʯϵһǺʯлãһĪ챦С롱
һΣǴ˱Ի˲䱻Ĩ
ϾǿϹﶼס˵һˡ
ɶ񣡡ɫ࣬Ŀѡ
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˭룬ʥûԷ˲һƬ޷ݵĿֲ
һӣʹһֲ
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Ѱѹ˲Щ߶ƿȫɻյһϹ
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ˮϿգһװĴȣǳŵƽ̱ˣͬһλڡ
ѰһУбһ۳УѾһϹ屻ɱأѵĽ̿ƵģϢϨ
ɻҲùܻҲؽԪˣش
ûгɣѰӰһ봫͹ڣץеĽƷگǶ̳ϡ
ˣ
͹תŷĲ
˲䣬ѰӰʧ
ѰӵһҪɱ㣬һŭڣ췢ХÿҪ
СϷ㲻죡ɻҲŭ
λǿҴɶǱޱȣشģ֮һغ
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ʵϵȷˣһ죬Ϣһֲ˼ٶȴ˹Ųݾڣһˡ
̶̲ʱ䣬׷ɱѰʥУһഫˣλҲشһλֱ䣡
⣬˭ţ
һеħȴհȻ͹ȥҲ޵Ӳ
֮ǰǿɸѰΪʥأȻӵ֮ˣҲһ
ʵȴɸǵͷһ



1011 ն
ľݣǡ
ʣнֵԹɫ㣬ʫ续
ˡ
룬͹ֳһ˵Ӱ
˲ǣ˸һЦֹƵģܵ޵ָָ㡣
ѰҲע⵽һĻᣬ뾡ۣ
ǹݵģΪ˻ɱңǲλϹϧվһ
ѰкܿЩһɨա
ʥ׷ɱ·µţ񲻵ȻҸ˶Է벻شѰܲˡ
ǣһλϹҲɱѰЩţңλϹҲ˴һʵΡ
ΪƿķƷ裬ȴЧһ
ѰᶨƿǸɱܱãȻϹҲԲ壡
ûе飬ѰȥתۼټȻ͹ʱᱻ˵ز˾
ľݣλڶʤ籱ƫԶشߣʮݣһبڶʤͱ֮Ľӡ
ϵĻֻͨ߸ݾִܵͨ콣ڵġ񾩡
ʣгֳһ翡顢ĵʫ续
еΪŨʺС
ϧԴ˳ǶԣѰֻǸ͡

뿪ǣҰɽУһ·ȥ
Ǿ˼ǺĽѰжϣʥأԲģȻΪԼ͹Ӷݡ
ңʤ˽⻹Ƭ棬Ҳô˻ᣬһ˵ݣڴ˽һ
飬·жԣͬˡ
ʤšʥ֮硱ĳƺţ˹Ż϶Ի͵һ磬ͳ岢棬̫ˡ
Եȥ˽Ӧ

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УçģɼɽʯȪԳ仢ХȺ޳۳ҡ
ܾӵĳȣҰҪΪͲã
峿Ѱճ̤գɽ֮䣬ۣ֮֮š
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ҹɫУѰԡǹ⡢㾲д
ľ׷ɣеǰδе
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ȻһˣǰС򷨡ǰС

ҰⲢԴͬҲĪ֮ա
һϡ
еѰȻָһһĨէ֡

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ѷ쾡ͷһԱߵĺӰ͵ֳԵЩǱŭ
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˵һ룬ѰѳָһնɲǼ䣬һĨ貵âӳ
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ͷ̤벽ĺڤǶӴٿȻ
̫죬ûвҽУûбɱѪĲ״ûһ˿Ϣ
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ɲǿɷ֣⣬ʵԣնĿǰɱһ
ѰĬ±պ۾
㾲ҹɫտȻͷǳ綷Ρ


ݣɽǡ
룬һƽϢ
ޱɽҹϡһţšޱħ֮Ƶҹգִﶫʤ磬֮ڣϵͳһ콾
糤գμӡᡯһ˶ʮλܣ
¸նѪߡ˰Ѫ飬ﳤȥ
ϢǰһһذϢȻ̾
ܹڻƽϢϵ飬ȻԺ䶯ʤĴ£һϢ
ȺУѰĬ㡣
쳾ģΪеһ֡
ڴ֮𣬾עҪ򽾵棬һζҲ޴̸
Ҳһ죬Ѱֹ֪Լ硢еľ½ִﶫʤ磬ųԼĶعʣ¡
ޱħҹ
ա
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Ҳ֪ӵ˺εսѰ˼
ħҲʱͽҷƣյִﶫʤ磬ͺʥضԿһλǿ߶У
˸пѰע⡣
ӵȷǸɫ˵ǽɱλܹΧӲɱһѪ·ɲ򵥡

Ѱ˽⵽ڹŲ飬Ѿڶʤɢ
ս˶е˼飬Ȼ𾪡
һ½ˣȴ磬ڶʤжʥص׷ɱ벻עⶼѡ
ǣӵʥѾܣ¼￪
ѰԣϢɺ⡣
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еֱʥۺĹ屦ʵһڻԴע졣
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һʱ䣬ʮһȵġĽǰȡҪĻʱⶫʤעҪӿ
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֮٣˴ǰȣעҲȫͬ־ڴľȻУʱȻһ콾ԣ
ǰ֮עΪ콾Ľ̵棬ֻҪǰǰ٣ӦѾ߱˳콾ʸ񣡡
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ĽǰȣϹʱڹŻĴһǿߵʢᡣ
ÿʮ꣬ǰȾͻһΡ
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лᣬһ֮Ҫȥ
Ѱһ˼⣬һ뿪˸ɽǡ
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ͨ콣ڣλڴݣ


1012 ϰ ʮ¥
ϰ񾩣ʮ¥ǡ
˸Ҷᷢܳ
ݣԹ˼񻰴˵УҲĴ뢡
Ĵ˵ͨ콣ڿʦͬҲһλ
ͨ콣ڿʦΪͨ콣桱ʱһͯżûԵ̤޽֮;
շתսǧأ¾ʮУһͨ콣ɱ죬նڤ罣ٳĹš
ͨ콣ɱڰн®ӣ֤ͨ콣һͳ
Ӵͨ콣ʤһϵͳۺޱȡ
Ҳд˵ͨ콣ڴ˿ʱ񾩱ĺ޵أд컯
Ҳ˵زϻԵõͨ콣󳹴򣬴Ӷһٵٴۣ֮
ΣĴ˵ðƽɫʡ
ڶʤݸ޽У񾩿λǰʮ޵ʥء

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ߣһɽն㣡
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бս׵Ĺ߳رսУбսԱһ߸п
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̸ϣսԼĹԼʾԽϣսԽ
߻˵Ȼֻ׶Խ֪
ô˵һ·Щбս޵ߣģףӰ湻ģŮ̾
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ִϼǵĵһ죬Ѱ˽⵽Գչ¶ͬһǣͨ콣ƽԱŸ
ʱ̤ؾʮŲ壬ͨ콣£Ϊ겻Ľͯ
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ʮʱ֮У׶֣
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ʮʱ̤־Ϊͨ콣һ䣬ͨ콣̫ϳϡӡС
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ҲǴһ꿪ʼ׵ϢһƬհף˭Ҳ֪ȥ
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Ҳһ꣬һһնϰλ벽ǿߣȫ𾪡
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ҲһոյϲõӤڵıԴ

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죬㼣ڰ񾩵ĲͬУҲԽԽ׵Ϣ
ȥεĲ֣ҲѰУ˸֪
罣Ҳ罣׷ҲǼԲ֮;
У׾һ֮ӣҫϽǬ
ţ֤Ĵż̵Ҫ
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ϿճǣĽֵϣѰⲽǰС
˽Խ࣬Ѱʶ׾һ޷ĵˣ̿ɲ⡣
ƾ˽⵽Ϣ޷ȥ
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¥ǰ񾩺պġʮ¥֮һԽ¥
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ǰ֮ǰѾ˽⵽ͨ콣ڽʮɽţһ洫ӡ
洫ӵı׼ܼ򵥣ͬҲ̡֮
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̾еɥ
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Ҳ׷׸͡
ҲвĵģڵȺǰԽ¥һһɹأ
ѰЩţѾҪһԽ¥ȴҪͨ콣С
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1013 Խ¥
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һһعأ޵ߵսսԽǿͨؿٶȾԽ졣
֮Ȼ
һԣͨǰ㿼飬Ҫӵ麣Ϊ
ͨĵĿ飬Ҫ쾳Ϊ
ͨߵŲĿ飬Ҫ־Ϊ
Ƽ򵥣ʵÿһعؿĿԼ̺֮վһе׿֮˳ͨء
ھŲ㣬ԹҲֻʮλ־ﴳسɹ
Ϊ˲㼫̬֮־еĶʮ֮˾Ŷ
ܹģһ־һľ콾
ʮǰ־Ϊڽһʱڣһ·Խ¥ھŲ㣬֪սǺεֲ֮
¼ҲΪԽ¥һ¼񻹲˴ƣ
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λѣȰ㻹ǵ͵Щʡÿ̫󣬵ȴ²̨ǿɾͶˡ

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1014 
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߲㿪ʼһλ־ǿʵʱ
֮ǰͨĹ۲죬ѰģİϢȴܲһ㣬޷һۿ͸ǳ
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䣡
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ѰҲ̽

һһǺչصĿֲܡ
֮ǰһʱġУѰѽյĻ֮СΡ
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ͬʱԽ¥Ų
ǰһѰͱŲƵһƬĵط˵ֻһ޴赡
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һϵҫ
ȥ޵Ƴ硣


1015 ¥
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ʱҲһϿɺƣңԹഫԽߣܹõ˾Խࡣ
ѰֻƳһ֧ǰıʣתȥߵҴݡ
Ϊʮǰ棬ԴƲԼʮ֮Ĳࡣ
ѰҪġ

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ڰ񾩣Ż׾һܵ񻰴棬ʮǰѿá£һ֦㡱ݣ
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ҷǴ̽˭ɣӱǿҵĺģתҴҶȥ

Һģֻʱ䣡
ֵϣѰǰУ˼⡣
ʮǰӵ־Ϊݺ۳ҹŻУնλ벽Դӵˡ֮µһˡĳƺš
ҲǵʱԽ¥еһҫ۵һ¼ֱǰơ
ʮĽ죬Ѱһٴ¼ͨʱϱһ롣
֤֮Ѱսʤʮǰף
Ҫ֪ʮǰ¼ʱʮꡣ
ʮĽ죬¼ʱѰʮꡣ
ϣսϣѰҪף
ʮչأֻ۳ĵȴɹġѰ֮ġ
֮ǰƵļ¼վʮǰ졣
Ѿȥʮң׵սǿ˺εȵز
Ѱǵãױչǰԣ֮󼫾֮·ѹţ죬ڣʱ
һһ˶ݵĴǣǾ֮ϲҷ˺ԡ
˶ڴ⣬׾ʲôʱܹ
Ѱȴܲ³ױչʮ꣬ҪͻΪȴһʱȫ֮׼
ʲôʱ
ܼ򵥣ʱŻήٵĳΪ߾ʱ
Ψˣܹʵ֡ѹţ족Ը
־ԲʮʱĻۺʹΪҲվд
ȻὫΪΪľΪΪĥԲزΨˣܹǰ㣬ѹƵϵһ֮ͬУ
Ѱ䲻ףȴܹƶϳЩʲô
ΪףƵĵطͬ׷һǰδеĵ;ͬѼŽʥ֮ϵ
Ψһͬģڣһ;ϣױǰ˺ܶ꣡
ʱ䣬ǵ̣
׺ɣջݹǣҲֵ˵ɱ䡣
ʱ䣡Ѱָ߬ؽڡ
ʱ
ѰӰһӰ߲ʯ¥ǰ
¥߰ٳߣġ
Խ¥һ¥ͬڡʮ¥ǡ֮һһؾ
ԲͬΪߣؾͬĥͿ顣
֮¥ĥµ޵֮ľ
Խ¥ͬ¥֮ڣ˭ʸȥ
Ȼ¥ʸҲܼ򵥣ͨ콣ڴˣǧƷ衣
ǧƷ裬κ޵߶ԣһʲСĿ
ʶ¥伫ʢѰʱȴ޵ǰĿ顣
Ѱں˵أ뿴һʮǰףӵжǿľ
ʱ¥ǰͬ壬ֻ޵ߣοͣհ¥ķɡ

һӣǧƷ軯һ¥ǰһ޵С
һ̣¥յʯһ첨л
Ѱûе飬ӰһͽС
һﾹ߽¥
ӵӰȻ֣ʧ¥ڵѰĲ⸡ֳһ󵨵Ĵ⣬ѵľΪϣʮǰļ¼ɣ
һ뵽⣬еĪһ˿˷ܣ˰Ҳ֪ܷɹˡ
ؾĿ飬ľ
ףƾǿľʮĽƵĿ飬ļ¼ͬԽŽ
ľԽǿԴԽᶨҲԽΪ󣬿ƺܻɬصһڴ֮;ӵдɾͣľǷᶨ˺Ҫá
ڵţʥᵽľǣľں̶ܴϣʥɾ͵ĸߵͣ
Թ񣬵ؾߣػĵӵĥʱĵӲŻһΣʮؿʱڶΡ
ԴƣĵĴԽ࣬ľԽǿ󡣡
ɲ򵥣ܹ𵽡ӵģ񡯵ã
һοĭɵؽ¥飬˲޵
棿˺ɡ

ڴʱһĺİ¥ڴ


1016 絶 նع
Ҳȴһ˿ֱĵ
ЩοͽԻһԸܵľһݺݴһ£ʼܣܿСáͨ֮С
ϧֻһƣܿʧ
ЩοȻʧܺͺ棬ĵ֮ԡ
Щľôʹؾǰˣ
ͬʱѰһƬããУУȴֻһˣӰֹ¶
ǰĿ飬ֻһЩûɵķ׵ػľУĥ֮ǿѰʯҡһ˿
ĵӵȴѰඥ֮С
ϸ꣬ϴ̴˲ӷ֮ľҲǱ͸
䣡
׼ƣк꣬ٲ䣬ظǡ
ÿһˮȴʪ͸絶ƽɱѰľڡ
ѵˮǧѵ򽣱ŷ֮ɲɱ
ɱģ
ѰɫǰУһ˿ҡɫһ˿ı䡣
˷ϮԿȻ
ûã磬ոա
ֻǣÿһȴմ̹֮ˮΪɲҪ˵񶼷ٻ
ѰӰͦ㣬ֱǰɡ

ղλ¥ĵѣӦһλˣ򣬶ϲڶ̶Ƭ̾ʹǰĿ顣
λοϲҿҲֵֻܼʮؿ顣
һϮòݣӰֱ˫ָһɸģ
˻˺档
ΪʮعأֽС˻֡һ룬׹֮Уֻһ˿иͻᱻϮƾֶ֮ͨΣҲ޷
һָ㽭ɽļƣЩ֪жڼ콾ǿǰأܹ˹صȴӰˡ
˳Ծ
ֱֹǱ̬Թഫľжϣ˵һ콾ǵľҪ˹أҲֻвɵĻᣡ
߰ȻҸҿ϶ղˣעҲ޷ڶˡ

䣬һУ
ɫȻù죬̲סĵߣɫΡ
Ҳ̫ˣ۶Ͼͱ߸Ҳ̫ѸһЩ
ȿȣ޾ԣҲģҿղλԾһ⡣
һƤͦ񣬺ܿͻָֿʼˡ
ͬʱؾڣѰзâһ絶նع֮գ
ǰС
ĵӵڶ类ǧĥ³һ˿ķâ
籦ĥ³

ǰأľѿɳ羫֡
ǰʮأľɳȻɽ
ڴǰʮء
ɫׯ࣬ૣչഫߣľɳ⡯ֱ֮ͨ
ף־֮ΪӵСͨġؾʮأĵ
Ҳ֪ӣܷ˵زкڴ
˵˵Ƿܴؾʮأ˽Ŀ⿴ߡ
͵һЦԹ񣬽¥Ӣۺܹ֮꣬಻ʤȴΨֻһ״ؾʮأڸǹŽЦ¡
˵⣬ԥһ£ողűξþղҪ׵֮ɣ˵ûϣֻ˵ϣãӽޣ漣
漣զ죿Цʡ
ȴϵһֲΪȻĿǷܵǾǹڶؾʮصĸඡ

ĵӵˡ

ɫ䣬ϻۣǹΪѰôż
οǣڶ
漣淢ˣ
ѹ˲ÿߵЦΪʵ𺳣ȥĻ񾩺䶯
ˡҲ⵹һɫ΢䡣
жϣУҲֻдʦľܹ쵽һ
Լ롰ͨһЩ
ڣȴĿһ漣
Ǽһ﾿˭
ˡ
ؾѰڿ˵ڴ˵صġͨӡ
һʯ罣أһ罣˵ּ罣ͨ¡
־УܹӵС֮ͨľȷʵƹڸǹŽ֮ͬˡ
ȻһԼĵעҪı䣡
ѰĿһʯŲԶ
ؾֻʮĥǰĥ
ûгɣѰᶨǰȥ
֮ǰĥδľͷų
ңĥΡĵӡϴľҲ֮š
ԤУľƺͻƵļ
䡫
һʮĥԭž˲һƬĩֽٰľ
ң˺ѿĿĵĴѷ죬̵ĶǧɳҪضС
ǰ·Ѷϣ
޷н
״һƬޣ޿ˡ
Ѱһɾͬʱһֱ̾
ǰ·Ѷϣ޿ˣ޵޵Ĳһգ
Ȼʡ翣ȴͷѰľ㱣鲻Խǡ
гһգ֪ĵ;ֻһգǷ񻹻̤·
֮ǰһŬǷֻģ
ߵʵģ
һĥ޵߶ԣµġ

ʱƣ¥⣬˶Щ͡
Ϊλ֣
ѵڼĥ飿ˣǿɾ;ˣ
ɶôãΪγٳٲһ˿
Ҳ΢΢Щţܹʮؾ飬ҲֻǺʮǰײˡ
ܴĥأ
־ˣڴִֵìܡ
һһڽƵĵȴУ¥ƮȻ߳һӰȻѰ
δǷζţվʧܣֹʮĥ֮
˶ԼͬһͬʱЩʧип׵ļ¼ȻǰױƵģ
ˣǿѰĿɴһĨĵľ壬ܹľΪϣ͵ױȼ磬ԿǾ޾ˡ
Ψüʧˣ
ţ̲סǰѣߵһأ
Ѱҡͷתȥ
Ӽˣ棬׷Ÿ󣬵ӣ֪մ
䣬¥УȻ쳹һ
֮ǰͬһεֱƲ㶼飬ãɢ
ͬʱ¥⣬ɢʥĲ
ɲǼ䣬Щȥοʹǣ壬ܵһԵʥϢ
ȻŤͷĿһĻɫȻ䡣


1017 ϵ
ĵ죬¥ʥ֮⣡
󣬵ڴʮؾĥʱҲֹ
ٶȳˣ
͵겻ͬĵӵĴ
͵ײͬղ˱Ȼͨʮؾĥ顣
ɫԭ
ͨһ磬ǡͨ񡯣ľѵӵˣ

ͨͨ͸֮⡣
˵ľִģģִڵڵ
ӺȷУܹľһ־ˡ
ûһ
ʦ֣˾Ҳһߡ
˵ڴ֮ǰľĥ֮ͨⱾ˵滹˾
ʤһʮ۾ͷ֮һ
쵽飬ȴһ˰쵽ӶһͷƤĸо
ӾǸĹӱһ佾Ըľɴʱȴһ㶼ˡ

ͨ񡭡
ֵϣѰૡ
ھߵġĥʱǰ·Ͼ·
ǡάȡ
ϣһɬʵ̾Ϣľܰٱ尾ҡ
ҲʼԼҵ;
ͷһľӰһּµΣС
һ٣ҡʧһУ
ҲΣնؼʱ̣Ѱǰһ
ǰ·ϾǶѵĿռѷ죬ռڶûһС
Ѱȴԡٳһ·
һض䣬ϵľ·ӳֳһն磬ǰ;
һת
ִڹǰֻ̣ԸǰУն𡢶
;·Ҫôڵ£Ҫôǰ
ģִڵɼر
ѰһУľŹͨ͸Ƴϡ
ǰؾһĥҲ֮ɢĳˮΪУķһƬ֮
һʯӳ֣Ͽհס
һΣѰָΪʣʯϿһ֣ͨม
ɱѪףİ񣿡
ʮǰ㣬վһ
Ѱƽ
¥ѰںʮǰڡľϽһ
ֽѰһ֪˵׵ġľջܴ
׷
£Ѱ˼ü
Щζ罾񷣬ߵﶼ׷ӵء
ڵããȴִˣ
δ¶ʲôǰĹǰԼ֡
ʵѿҪǰ¥ӵѿԷԸй¶ݣа취
ѰͷϿճУšʮ¥еֱԽ¥¥¥
Էܲ³һ㣬֡
ǵǷӵн¥ƣӼʡ
Ѱһȥһһ顣
֪ϿճУרŶһ¥Ƶĵط
һѰ飬ӾͲ³ˣЦ֪¥Ѿⷢţֻͨ콣ڵŵӲӵС
Ѱʱüûϵᷢ顣
һ飬Ҳãˡ˵ţóһƣܺصݸѰ
Ѱȴӣ޹»ʢҿ֮𡣡
Цѱᣬֻ뽻ѣҲʶһ£Ƿٴһ漣
ǧƷ轫ƹΣѰ
һһﻹǾù֣Լˣ˽䱸ǰȥ
ڣҲֻܿЦһԡ
һס
˵ƣȴ϶ͨνףѾԼһľ롣
ֻҪ̸ȥ̽һĵϸ

¥߾ʮɣʮ㣬¥ۻɽ
ѣ¥ʮ꿼飬ÿһؿ飬ͻһյơ
ɫΪǽࡢࡢֲͬɫ
ɫŴسɼĸߵ͡
ףһٴʮ꿼飬ǰʮĻƽΪɫΪɫ
ϽӳһʱΪѻ¼ǹŽһҲŽǰ֮С
һִ¥ǰڽܣӣѰ⡣
˽⣬ӿˣͬҲһλҫ֮
ڣһﾹһƵģظԼܣѰһ˿֮ܳС
ɲ֪֤Խ¥¥еı֣ĵĽԸ
̸ϱѰķ۷϶Ѱӵеʵֵ
ѣ¥ɲ򵥣Ҳ֪ƣռԪ࣬糤
ӻ٩٩̸
ұĹؼϣԺ̤㳤·֤Ϊʥʱ޷á
ɻ˵꣬ͿѰѳ¥ȥæеѣҪȥأ¥ĺܲ򵥣鼫֮ѣ㲻ٶ˽һ¡
û£ѰӰʧ¥
Ӵжţ٣ͬѼ֮Уһա
ֹܿͷʱͻ¥ֲˣʱϣñڣ
ˣ
Ƭ̣Ӿ͹˲ú˼룬ΪԾ¥һ㿪ʼۿɼٶȣһյһյơ
ÿһյԳֳԲʥɫ
ʱ䣬ǰʮ˲¥ϣ͸һյƣϹһߣֱһϺ磡
ӵɵùԲһģҲ̫ײ˰ɣ
ǺĿ飬սľĸΪ̺ͱ̬
Ϊ޵߶ԣ֮û꣬ʥҲ
¥Ҳв޵ߣԴͨ콣ڴ˵ɫϱӡšͨ콣ͼ
ע⵽һĻǽԻȻ
λ洫ʦڴأ
洫ҿӦǺĴ˲Ŷԣ̶Ƭ̣ѵʮյɫƣǺĵУټ
ǲ֪ܷƵʦֵļ¼ˡ
ЩȻһЦһɲͨ콣ڵġ
֪֮ǰ½Ƶ׵ļ¼ֻ·Ƿɣ
һ뵽⣬оһĪĳС
ΪˣӶͨ콣ڿûʲôøУҲ̸̫ĶУһֹϵͳ֮ľϵˡ
ֻǺܿ죬ȻȻֹС
˶ɴ۾Ŀ类סһ¥ϻƶš
ӣҲ˲óЦЩͨ콣ڴˣĿⶼȥһҡҷͷ
Ϊӵʮ˲㿪ʼѰصٶ٣ȴһּᶨ̬ϳ塣
УҲһյһյƱ
ÿһյ


1018  
ʮҲֳɫʱڵ˵鲻Խ
꣬׵ʮյɫƣ֮Уȴֻܵյɫơ
ˣ¼ŽӺķ
˿̣¼ƺѾ˱ԽĿܣκ޵ߵĹע
ѰǵķӦʱ䲢ࡣ
˵Ķɤۣڴ򿹾ܵڴĽʱ仯Ѳ
ʮĲ㣬ɫơ
ʮ㣬ɫơ
ʮ㡭
ͬɫƣ
ɲǼ䣬¥£һյյɫƱֱ¹ͨŹ
Щͨ콣ڴ˶Ѵǣ𺳵ʧ
Ӵǳ鴤пУ̬ıֱֱ̬ûˡ
ļ¼λйŽ
֪λйŽڶıͨ콣ڿʦͨ콣桱
Ϲʱͨ콣־ΪʱҲڴ˴أʮյɫƺһյɫƣ
¹֪һ棬ļ¼Ҳ֮Բһ
¥Žһ¼
Ҳû֪˭
д˵¼ɡ¥ĵһλͨ콣ͨϴڡ
Ҳд˵˼¼һλ̤㡰ʥĴʱ졣
Ϊʥһ̣ͱɰĴڣΪ˵֪
ΣŽһ¼ڽ֮ǰԽ
ڡ
ˣ
ӻӲпɬ⾿һһֱճǿ

¥㡣
ѰϥԺһԲ֣Ź
ʶԪ֮ͬϥͷſһʥ񻨣ҡҷƮǧʹ꣬һƬͨ͸
ͬʱһɫԽ֯磬˷ӿѰ֮С
ˡ
СڤתõѰԡɫԣϵõ׳ޱȡ
ãһʧ
ѰȻõɱĿͳأһװߣԨļ¡
ܿ죬еʶһַ豰ƽС
񻨾۶һ㳹ԲˡѰૡ
ܸܵԼʶñͨ͸ǿһǧͷ
ԼһоĿ˺ֵӳͷÿһξ͸һ֮֡ࡱ
ü棬һĥѡʧ衢ޡΪۣ֮һ۸
˲ѣѰһֱ֮ԽԺ޷֮;
෴ΪһѵޱȵıԼͳɳڴ֮;ߵᶨʹݣ
ǡ񻨾۶һ㡰ȥԲز
Σˡ֪ʶ顱񻨾۶⡱ʥ󾳽硣
У񻨾۶ȥδС硣
һԣ񻨾۶ֻǿ߲յɺȻһ״Ѱ
־У˵һ޶Գѷˡ
ҲѰܹ¥ʮ㣬ʮյɫƵڡ
֮ǰұСڤ۵ƻϵһյͬŵĶػƣõܹһ̤񻨾۶֮С
ΪƣռĹؼʱѲҵ
ѰտȻһǰδеš
䣡
һʯͻأ֣УȻɽ
ϣӡһһ֡
ڵλϣ׵֡
ڵڶλϣһðĽӰϸӸ֪Ҳ޷ŵݡ
ͨ콣Ӱ
ͨ콣浱
ڵһλϡ
ţ
ѰȻһԾ֣ǵһλϣһƬհס
˼ѵҲһԸڴ˵ر¶𡭡Ѱ˼⡣
ʯϵʼ䶯
ǵһĿհŲһλͬʱһ֧ɽ۳ɵıʳѰǰ
ɴѰѴм¼һڴԼ䡣
ѰȻҲԸڴˣֻǣȥʱע⵽ǱڵڶλõĿհϣǸֳһ֡
񾩣
Ѱһ𣬾Ī
񾩣һ֮ϹʱѴڣữһڴˣ
ѵ˰񾩷Ǳ˰񾩣
£
أһһѵĴЦСѣʥ֮գ֮ʱ
ʼܿͽͲţʧ
һʧģС񾩡ص֡
ʥ

ѰһȻ񾩾˭
ĪأԺиֳԹഫһʫ
ϰ񾩣ʮ¥ǡ
˸Ҷᷢܳ
񾩣еʥأʮ¥ǣ̾ͨ콣һϵͳ
ڣѰȴ֣ԭϻһС񾩡ˡ
˭

ղźˣοһҪһͨ콣ڵλʦڴ˴ء
ʮյɫƣɱʦү־ʱļ¼Ҫǿһ
ˣ
¥⣬ѰӰ߳жʱһƬ䶯
еĿⶼˢˢ˹ȥɫźε𺳡桢֮ɫ
ɺܿ죬Щͨ콣ڴ˾ס͵ط֣һǽԸеİˡ
ߣЩһȷ㲻ͨ콣ڴˣǷ費ɡ
Ӳźۼǰ˻ûӦ֮ѰʹҴȥ
ȻѰǲԸߣҲߡ
ȻǸ뿪¥һ˺ѷεĽ
ɶǼһﾹͨ콣ڵĴˣ
˭¥Ѳ⿪ţֻŵĴ˽ĥôȴܽȥ
谡һˣȴʦүʦһֵļ¼ȥδ棿
죬ȥ̽һǼһ﾿˭
ֻǣЩͨ콣ڴ˷ӦʱѰʧ

ģҾ֪ͨ콣ڴ˿϶᲻ǱǶס϶鷳
ֵϣȺУЦ
ѰƳһۣˣ鷳
ʼ磬ε񾩿ͨ콣ڵĵ̣Щһ罣ɱϣһԲϾ͸ɼܣǶʤѲһˣȻ壬ҲմȾ鷳
罣ɱϡѰףҲòϣ۵Ǻܾ׼
˵ˣȻʵ
ˣ
һɫŹ֣Ϲ񣬿ɶǴݵ֣Ŀܻ˻ý֣·ɻ𣿡
˵⣬ˣ˸ֻ֣类ͨ콣׷ɱˣһ˾񾩣ǲͨ콣ڷа
Ѱ˼˵Ϲʱͨ콣ڿͨ콣ʱʮ¥ǵİ񾩾ѴڣǰĳλϹŴģ


1019 ϼ
һ֮أ
Ӳ죬ûǹ⡣
ѰѵͲ֣ΪζʤôݾΨȴ԰Ϊ
˼ôһ˵ҵڰ񾩵һ˵
Ѱһ񣺡ʲô˵
Ϲʱ˵ټ֣һֵʮ¥ǡ
Ǽ٣˭Ҳ˵׼⡮ʮ¥Ҳһա
ͨ콣ڴ֤ɽ֮ǰʮ¥Ѵڣ֪ͨ콣־ΪʱҲʮ¥нĥ
˵⣬һ󵨵Ʋ⣬˵а񾩵شڣλˣ
Ѱüëһܡ
մ¥֤߳λ񾩡ļ¼λ˵еˣĿȥ¥дأ
ǻλ˵Ĵˣӵ
ѰһһѾõʫ
˸Ҷᷢܳ
ôͻȻˣѵ¥ڣ񾩡µĺۼ
ò˵ӵķӦ˲Ͳ²ʲôвһĨɫ
ûУֻǺ档Ѱҡͷ
ѰԸ˵ȴа¡
Ժ󷵻ŵʱ򣬾ȥһЩżһ⡰񾩡ʲô飡
ȵȣòỹȥϼǡ¥ɣȻע⵽ѰϿճȥӶʱе
кβףѰʡ
һ㶼ģ
ɫ죬ڴ֮ǰƵԽ¥¥¥߼¼ò˶ãԺ䶯񾩡
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ΣԼȻ츳йأǱȻҲܵԨ񷡱ԴӰ졣
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һХٿݵ¥ǰӰϰ֮ࡣ
һӣԭߵݵ¥ǰǱֲ١
һǰ뿪¥⣬ʱӦݵ¥ڣ
˳ڡ
ߣӿ湻ŵģΪʦֵһЩ¼Ϳݵ¥мˣ
˼䲻ɫȻ
ҵҪӾǺηʥ
˴һɵ⿪ڡ
λʦʦϢŭûиʱȱ£ⱻͬЦͨ콣֮
գΪһ뷢ī罣ӳڣѹס˳еۻȻ
Ŀ⿴˹ݵ¥һϡ


1023 һ
ͨ콣һڴ˵ִڣε⡣
ͨ콣ڵĽӵĳĽ
У׾ͬºڮٵ
׵ڡʮ¥еļ¼һһƣЩͨ콣ס
ʲô
ӵĿ⣬ӶʱߣԴǺˡ
ܲԸ鷳ɲͨ콣Щһ
һ΢Ŵһӣ»棬˭
棬ͨ콣ںĵ֮һ
ͨ콣Сʮֱʮλ̤۵ĺĴˡ
⻪棬λеھŵġնǽ
ֹڰУʤ磬ͨ콣ڡʮҲȻҫƥ
֪Ӿǡնǽ棬ӵ֮ģӡ
˻һжʱһ궯
֮ǰЩͨ콣ڴ˵ִ˵ʱֱӺͺӵĴڡ
ӳȳ⻪ʱע⣬ʢ˵̬ȶܲˬ
ڣ֪ݣʶǰһ˭ˡ
һϵĵͳۼ̣Բͨ콣֮¡
ͨ콣Сʮĺͬʮλ߾սġԶ
ӣλеߡľ
һʱЩž˭Ҳû뵽һλڰ񾩣ݵ¥ǰ
ǻ棬иӿ˵â˴½ơʮ¥¼ߣĴˣ
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ˣͲͬˣͳһ֮ĳͻ
飬бҪ𣿡
ɫ䵭°ȴڰ̾Ǳ̬Ĵ˵Ҳˡ
üȴһĨ⣬˵Ҳ޷˴ݵ¥߳ʱҵԻúøֽ̡һ¡
̶ֽ֣˵ĺء
ͫ΢΢һȻЦʮ¥λڰ񾩣Ҳͨ콣ӵУôڴ˵¼ͲƵļ¼̫Ե˰ɣ
һֲмͳ֣õû˽ɫһӵĿҲࡣ
ֻ˽һ˵ݶѣڼˡ䡣
ðɣǼһĿǰΪֹѾĸ¼ס֣Ц
ǾͿλϲˡޱ顣
һʶֻ֣֮ºˡ
Ǳ̬㹻ǿ󣬻ûЩһɵ֡
Ǳ̬Լ˵ǰ㣬һɡ޵ߣǿɾ鷳ˣ
ճŶѹ֣
߶ݵ¥ǰһͨ콣ڴϢɱɢϢⷽһѹĵķΧС
Զ޵߱
Ͼһ֮ǰƿնԦĽܼ꣬ϼע⡣
Щ޵ߣȴֻԶԶǧĵطҿ
ӣʲôϵȰ㻹ȥҪִ¡
һƬžУȻһչ¶˵ķâϡ
ǺǡЦˣЦȴޱȣôҪָ㣿
ƲԳԷƣ
ִҪˡ
ɻɣ˼һģ˴ν񾩣ֻǰػģŲɸ˵ܣ
Щͨ콣ڴɫͱˣǰ񾩣ǵĵ̣Σ
Ҳõͷ
ͨ콣ڵɣȻԵţҵҪǸҺΣ
ŭЦ죬һε֮ɢŷơ
ɫ䣬ǿǽޣľ罣ɱƣҲŭѡ
ˣһߡˣüβ͸Ͻʧڰ񾩣
󲽶Ӱ罣ʣķâһϮɫƮˡ
ɲǼ䣬˵طӿհò˺Ϊ֮һϡ
ϣ
һ߳ͨ巺ʺѪɫ齣ӳڻͷɢɭѪɱ
նǽ
Զ޵߽ĲһױϹŴ񣬲֪ǿߵѪ
ߣԲѣӼˣһһսìӳգӲӽɫԡ
¡
սɢѹѾݺݵײһͬɽײ֮㱬
Щͨ콣ڴҲݣʶ񣬿ɲλеߵġƶԶһ콾ɱȡ
Թԣһͨ콣ʮ֮һһʮ֮һ߾Ҫڴ˵ؽ棡
Ǿ۽ӵĶײѵһ´Ҷ۸ˣ
ԶΧ۵޵ԽԽ࣬飬˿̶¶ܼ֮ɫһԾҪݣҲѪڡ
ȰһΣھ뿪һнԿԼֻ̣·ˣ
ӰͦƮͷնǽѪƲһ
ٷϻҪսվߣսìңָȥһɱƥս糱ˮӿ֣ǵء
ʶô
治ԥ̤ɱƲ㶼ơ
ɻ֣ǰһͼһӰǰԼݡ
ȻˣΪλߣ˺ȻѰ
ҡӵɴ۾û֣Ѱʲôʱݵ¥߳ġ
߰ɡѰ
ιСĸУϽսЩͨ콣ڴ˴ȳ⡣
սϱȴһͻأֵ˽֣Ƿеˬ
ÿ
ģǾ۶ԾѵһСǳԱ˳ŵģ֣ܳ
Զڹ޵Ҳˣ׼սȴжϣʱìͷָѰߡ
ϣȴǺս⣬ԥŤͷʹߡ
ѰѾˣĻɵظЩͨ콣ڴƴ
Ͼǰ񾩣ͨ콣ڵĵ̣Сģϵģսʤ棬ҲҪꡣ
ôߣ룡ɫ䣬Ϣɲ
֮ǰѾ׼֣ȴѰңõһǣҡ
ˡǣѰʼն˵߾ߣûУ
ৣ
ûκԥʱѳʺնǽӳܻĿѪɫ⡣
һ硢ɱ˫ǿʢġѪϢֱѰıĶȥ
ԶԶȥһ֮䣬ƿͨĴţɭȻֲ
Сġһ
ֻǣ仰ûгͿѰͷҲأ赭дһġ
飡
Ǿ޾׵һĿע£ֽƵģը顣
׷ɣһʢŵɷ


1024 ѽ
ʼ˶ΪѰһ֪صľˣ򲻿ðʧɵһһľ֮С
ʶͨ콣ڴˣԶ޵ߣԺضȳ⡣
ɴʱȴɵˡ
Ϊʮеĵ߽һѰҲһ޵ֵܹ
ʱ˶ǱʶظֳһĻѪȻ棬˷֪ôġ
ʵȴྶͥ
һͱ㷴һ飡
ǰ⣬ɢһֻεóɡ
ԽԵԽģ
ΨϵˣɵѰɵػһɱĽʱͬЩ˭ϲ
ʲôϽߣѰһۣȳԶȥ
Щδ
ʵЩѰͻԾһԴúÿһļһսж̬
ɺȻѰʼնû˼Ừ棬ż뿪
ߣ
󣬻ɫһγ
֮ǰһ飬ͬͳԾҲǴ˿̲ʶ˾Լǰ򵥡
ԭһȥ̽Ѱһ¶ԷǷ֡
ѰͲᣬ˵߾ߣʼն㲻ڣ
û޷ˡ
ˣ
糱
նǽӿգһⰵ貽⡣
Ѫȼ
ã
һͨ콣ڴǰһһƺݺݾ޵
һѪͨ콣ɱĽ֮һ
һλʥŻѪޱȡ
һʩչѪ⣬ɻɽ
ɣ涯
غձңһӳ죬ɽӡ
ɫ䣬һּϢĴ
֮ڴ˿Ե쾡¡
ԶѰӴҴǰС
һӱâڱסȻת
һսܣڲһΣպʶķӦ
ѰǰУףƻȻ
ͫ΢У̬㽾ѵǴԼ֣һ
һоԼѰȫְˣ֮ǰͻţҪǺͷ䰲Σֱ
ɲθ̣һӲκδ⣡
ͬΪ̫һĿˣԴ
䣡
ֻǣӶ֣ͿƿնĽ⣬һڰ;б顣
ܴ׹ѪŷɲĢƣǧɷΧû
Զ޵У鴤ƺߣв߸Ƿһ£̱ء
Щͨ콣ڴˣɫס
ǿʢһһαˣ
һβͬζԷ֣
ǳڹܺͲ˼飬һֻδǣ׾ĥһѪ
ͫȻһɫǰδеء
ǿĵ
ΪˣһǱһεĻɬ
۸֣
ɲǼ䣬ѰӰĿУѴһĨͼɵ֮ɫֻǣ˾˭
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ѣôˣǷ̫ͨ콣ڷˣ
ȡ
ʱԭء
ʱѳǧ⣬նǽն

һѪӴ䣬ǵأǳʢĴ⣬
а׹Ǹʬɽѻ֮й޺߱˻֮
ɲǼ䣬һ𣬽еһˣȻʩչͨ콣ڵ󽣵澭֮һġѽ
ѽͨ콣Ͻ֮һҲͨ콣ɾѧ֮һ
˽֡֡⡮֡ѡѡѡѡѡ⡰ѡ֮ɡ
ѣɬ£ڽУһʩչйĪ⣬֮
ʱʩչģǡ־Ľأһ˾ĩ֮
޵߶һֱٱĴ𶯣ëȻȫһ塣
Щͨ콣ڴҲ⣡
һһէģе˵ķȺòã
ͬʱӶȴѰûץ
Ǵѽ
۶ʤ磬λϽķУ
ɱ˭ܲţ

͵أӺȻѣ԰̬ĿǣƺûһĽš
ͬʱѰˣͷҲأֻǻӶ֣һ
磬һ˿̻Ϣ
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ԶԶȥεأȴһڶưûգۼʧһɶ
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ڣȴԷһ赭дƵ
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룬Ϊһûصĺڶһӡѹȶ
һΣᵽʲôдͷ
һֲֳ̫޿赲һеܣиܵٵϢ
ð̲סһУֻܣԵޱȵǱͲû֮ǰ˵ķȡ
ֻǣεǣҲնܵһɲһڶӡٿȻˣƾƵġ
һӣűǺ죬ĳ߳ܣԼϷŪ;Լ
ʩչ˽Ҽɵ֣㡭ԶԶʸҶԾʿɶֹһξڡ
ϣһĮ
Զûлͷɻ֪һžζĻԶԷ
Ȼ߬˫ȭɫ࣬ĲһǰδеĴܸС
кüΣǰƴգסˣԼȥģ
ѻȸš
ͨ콣ڴ˽Դǣܵ巢
ԶĹսߣһִмĸо亹ʪֽű
ղһν棬ֱ̫ˣ
ֻǣֽٵһǺɨǬĺڶҪԵøļºͿ־塣
˾˭
ǡʮ֮һӵоҫ֮սܶͷӹһۣ
ɣǳ׵ˡ
һսνһͿأ
ৣ
һƬһļžУһͷѤɫȸնƮȻٴ˼䡣


1025 γ
ˣΪŵƽһĨɫ
ѩԼӣһϮɫѣһԲλĸ߹Ȼʡ
ʦ㣡
һɫ粻
ողҰܣЩԿᡣ
佣ᣡ
Զ޵ǽԶݣľηһλٳѩ߽࣬¡
ͨ콣Сʮλе
ִ佣绪̳ɫȸһ츳һ֮Ů
ټϣòڣŮӰϣҪԶԶ߹նǽ档
£ܲеպܹ΢ȴûᡣ
һִֱݵ¥ǰ
˵ģһ½Ƶ׼¼ˣ
֮⣬޷Ȥ
һٶ˽һʶʲôɫ΢䡣
ղǼһòǡ
䣡
ڴʱһɺĲݵ¥ɢĺ
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ԼճһģʵӰ
ǧȴ£
㱼䣬˷ƶһѵЦ
ɵϸʱȴ޺ۼ١
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Զ˶סͷһĨõԤС
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Ϊβһʱң
ҡɫ粻˵ܵľ̫ˡ
²㣬࣡˵ʱӰһһֻѤ߽ɫȸȥ
ҳ²㣿ҵҪʦǷǼһĶ֣ɫѿ
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ˡ
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Ҳ˵ԭѰҪ˵Բزƾĵ̺ԣҲҪ֮á
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ȻǾˣѰһʱ̶Գƽ
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˽һɳ죬¡
Ҳ˽һ̤о硣
ҲΪ޵ǶԡԵ컯֮͵ĸԭ
һƻԵ˵׼ܸıˣ˭ֵܵջ
Ѱ̤۵һ־ʿԣٵĴҲһѷ꣬ǰδеġ컯

ֱ̬ˣ
õѰ϶Ĵ𸴣Ķһֵĳ嶯
˱ˣȷˣ
֤ѰԽ¥¥¥¥ݵ¥е־֡
ԸӣҲһֱĸо
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ʲôԸʲô̺̣ͳͳȫѹ˭ܵˣ
˵ʱͬһǿ߽Ϊ״ͬһʱעһҡ
ʱӻԴ֮ԱǣڼʶѰֱ֣һЩ֡ҡζ
ô˵㲻ˣ
͵أʶһ⡣
ˡ
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⡰¥Ψǿ߲ܽĵط
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ԾԺ󷵻ţһҪѰһϢ֮ʦ֣
ΪУڵ̡츳ϣսϣΨһһܹѰһϸߵ͵Ĵˡ
ڡʮе֮ǷܹѰԿһҲûС
ͬʱѰҲ˼⡣
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ȣԽ¥ϣȷʮǰףעԼĶ֡
¥ϣȷԼľΪѵִ֮ͨԶŽͬ
¥ϣΪ񻨾۶һԲز
ֵһǣǡ֮ͨľǡ񻨾۶һΨϹϲܵü
һϹﻹӵ
¥ϣһ񣬵ȴѰжϳϣԼѲ䵱κˡ
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ŸƷ಻ͬĴţͻͽΪԲڻһѵޱȵĻԵˡ
¥ѰģֻƷ裬Ȼһʾ޶ƸջѾ΢
ɲҪСף˵ɲ⣬ʮǰ֮µһˣֱչؽʮ֮ã
ӺȻƾԺ츳ʮʱ䣬㹻ս츲صı仯
һλʥ˵עҪһҪѱ죡
ѰҲһݣһλʥ˵жϣ˭޷Ӻ͵͹
ԲСҲὫ̫ء
ѰĬƬ̣˵ζŴһнпܣǷܶɧͬҲű
һѰ˵ʱһ˿ײ⡣
ֻǣӦѰЦο־վ־¾һֻ꣬ҪΪ䣬սվ޵ġ
ڵȴ٣ʤ콾ͬҲڵȴҡ
γˣ
ѰЦݵȻɫϼ֮ȴһ޷ӵš
ĪһѪӿ˵ĲұʿϦֻֻ˭ĵ;ߵøԶ
ֻǾڴʱȴһͻأ𣺡ߣҿھ߲̫Զ
һѤʢӿնٶȽ˲ƣĲ˼顣
ٿȻ֮䣬ѿ
ٿȥʱһȻһѻһλԼɰŮӡ
佣ᣡ


1026 ɫ
ɫȻء
Ůӣȴͨ콣ĴҪ¡
Ů齾߽࣬츳ޱȣΨһһָܹľʶ
ЩҪҪǣϽɱ
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ҲУҸմݵ¥߳Ͳ㱻˶סֻ뿪ֲ׷ⲻ鷳
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⻰ͺˡ
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ӣҲѣ̬Уֻ¶ʲôϧ˼׺һͿ
ȻҲЩֲ˪һͽҾȽѵѵ㣬ʻ
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ɫ䣬Ѱ
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ʱһնӳ񷣬ֲޱߡ
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ৣ
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ƣÿһѹޱȣвƵ־
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̰Ǵ˽֮ϣ׵Ķսۼ
ܶô˽Ѱһ˽׵һЩϸ
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ͬʱսҲԶԶܵһּѹ¶
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ڣڿŵһ˿ߣ
Ѱǰ壬һֻ۶Ǭ˼֮󣬽Ḳ¡
ϣϣ
Թ佣ҹɱƾͨ죬޷ֶµĴ˿
ৣ
ңڴ˹Уһ޿ɵֵӿ֣ҹ类ΰǣٿȻֶѰߡ
ã
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͵ҧ⣬ʩչ츳طӿɫ⣬ٿȻһֻѤĿȸһչС
һǽƿһ
ɫ֮Ȼֲ
ӳ׶ˣսѰɾƾ츳طҲǰױɱġ
ڴͬʱѰҲһʵû뵽ɫ⾹˵ã򷨵Ŀܡ
˭֮ձر
䣬͸ޱȺ⣬Ѥһչ˲ư㣬Զȥ
֪ԼѰ֣ʶϳˡ
Ѱջסû׷
񾩱Ͼͨ콣ڵ̣׷ȥһԷʦеϹǺͲˡ
ߣѰҹԥ෴ȥ
ȵҡ
Ҳæ׷ϡ
ҲʶأܱСԭ׵ҹᣬǿɾǲԤش£
յʱ
˳ڡľǡ
һƷ裬˳λڳĴ͹ڡ
ˡ
͹ӰʧǰһɲԶԶأһƥĽ⻮ƳգľС
Ϊ׵ģ纣ͻգȻһλϹ
ǡãһĻǰѰӲ׽
ѰûеʲôǾһ亹ղߵһǺɾ͡


1027 Ϊ
죬һ˴¥Ž¼Ϣ籩㴫񾩡
һʱ֮䣬֪ٻȻ
˭
޵ľ洳¥֮˵ݡ

һ֮ڣ¼ǰδ֮£
׿粻񻰰ĴڣĵλҪ𣿡
ˣһϢ𺳵

ֻʮǰļ¼ȻǼ¼עпܱƵģα˳Ծ
ʮǰļ¼ѣעܺ׵ĵλ
Ҳ޵߶Դ˲ΪȻ

ͨ콣ڣüɹ궯Ȼݡ
Ϊ˸еߺޣΪ˸еǣҲ޷ܣҪȥɱѰ
Ȼʱǻ֪Ѱ˭
εҲˣһ˶ѣƵ׵¼˵ֱΪ񾩰ǣûܸԷݣȥֳЦɡ

ɫ䣬üһĨ֮
ʱڷˮĽֵϣһ޷ݵʹ޺ͳ衣
ڽգײŸոսҹ
Ҳڵ죬˽ͱ˶ߣÿᶼץ
Ϊͨ콣λСʮľ԰ıǮ
˾սصĹɫȸһķ棬ƾޡ
ɾڽգȴǱڰһ죡
֪˭
ӿŭ𣬺޵ñݽҧ
˭Ȼħ񣡡
һԶŭеĿ͵ѣ̧ۿ˹ȥ
֪䣬һݵ¥
ֻǴ˵غ߲ͬۼ޵ߵӰ
ղŷģһ䣬ݣɢһѪϢĺӡ
ĸħ񣿡ʡ
ȻǸðǧеļһǰӣֵùŲ췭ظʥ𶯣ܲ᲻֪ɣ

ȷ˴Ƶ׼¼ľ
ɲš
ЦǻңҶϵãŲţҿᡣ
˵ţ߳Ⱥ
ֻǻû߶Զͱס
ǣͫһ¶ļɵ
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ģʣ俴ƽȴһѹĵơ
ӻ£һֱļ
ʵԺ칷壬йУħŲ֮𣡡
ҧгݣ֪ڶʤ磬ҵһʱǰǹŲݣȫ̽ڳȷӹħ񡭡
˵꣬ͱϣٷϻֻ㣬ȷ¥¼˾ħ񣿡
ɫһͣŻ׷֮Ǻ칷ԳƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
Ҹͷ­˴¥¼֮ˣѰħɣҸղѾ̽ݵ¥µζԲ
ԴǼᶨԵʮ㡣
Ѱħ񡭡ԭĺݽɫ
𲻶޲ھͽϢš
мˣû˵ӵʱҲҲѶҼǶԴҲʹ֮硭һԸΣ
ҿǹ죬룡зһĨε
ͨ콣ڴˣɫȸһĵϵᣬ齾߽࣬Żĺ칷
ʶԴҲǺ
дŭȴֻģݣ治ʸҰ
ҼסˣƭңժĹͷ
˵գƮȻȥ
ģһ죬ӷѹﲻɣаԷݡ
ڵʱ򣬹Ѱ¥¼֮˵Ϣʼӡ
ħ
һҹעҪ޵֪

ͨ콣ڣ塣
ƹڡ
ǿ󡭡ôᡭԾʧǣһܴģٲ֮ǰĽ
ʱѾ˽˹ѰŻ֮Ϣ
ѰҷƵ¼ԼǰѰڹŲеΪ
һУһش㣬׷ԾĵḶ̌
겻ǸҰزˣ
ԣҪֻܴӳ飬ԲĴκһ˿Ӻ͵֮ģ
Աߣɫ侲ָ㣬ҪסĿǰΨһƾڣ⹫ң㶦֧֣⻹ԶԶؼҪٳɳ
Ծԥǡ̤ۣս־ǿƥҡ
ⲻǽڣضȻ
أҪٿˣڣһˡأһ
ף
һ

ƹ㣬һľ֮ء
ʱһ뷢ϥһϣӿǿ߶еĿɲơ
֮߱ﾻ
ͬʱһݣһλȨصͨ콣ųϣ
ףҺ£ˣ
¥¼Ҳ˵˰ɣﾻȻ
˵ˡ
֪˭ģ
˭һЩ⣬һֱæڱչأΪپ׼ͻȻˣ
Ѱ
ﾻ֣ؼֱ׻ǡ
ʧô
ﾻȻΪʲôϢѾõȷдҽɲǿʧ̬ġ
һݣæһе𶯣ף˵
ӣ걻߱ԴܻҲעǸˣڣȴᣬӵнҫ۳ɾ͡жϣӦ˱Դ
ˣϲܻ˲˼ɱ䡣
ﾻɫһĨâ꣬׽½飬УֻҺ͹˶ͤϵ֪
Ҳ飬׻һ컯Ӷȫ;һ̤ۣһ˸ͨ
֮µһ˵ĳƺţȻҪƳꡣ
Ĳƽ
꣬ͨ籨ţ嵮һԴӤϢ˸ﾻ
󣬸ﾻϢ֮ףȻһѪ¼
һ˽飬ͨ콣УҲֻ֪һҿԻɲԤķ粨
ʱǣ۵ĿɲֹףעᲨĸף
ʶǱҪǾԸἰµģֻȴû뵽ʱһν
ڴʱϥصﾻȻΰӰߴռŵĴͶһӰ
֮˵Щֻ㣬ڹŻעΪ
Įصֱġ
ɫһ䣬


1028 ı컯

ػһڡ
ϸ˽ѰԽŻ֮Ϊ걾ӦӤѱúε֮¡
ħ񣬽ơ
ֱ붫ʤ磬ֹŲݣɱ˲֪ʥشˣһλϹﶼ֣
ҴУһǿʥġʥصġսìκβá
һۺִʥˣǰģǾһݺӵκʳ

طУʧأԽԽеں
ڿռŵĵлصﾻδȥ𣬵ͷ˵Ĳӣ
ףǷѾ˼ƻ
͵زﾻԶԼҪƽ򶨡
ﾻͨ콣ڣڣ಻֪ӻš
ףҲû뵽ǸӤ漣
̲ס׻֪
ʮǰͱչأɿ֪
ﾻȻ꣬ڶȡһ컯ʱӤʲôڡǺǣҶѰվǰֻϲˡ
˸⡭ǷҪ֪ͨһ֣ɱӾ練ƣ

ﾻȻܾɫĪض·ǵܸףҾܸκ𣡡
ΪΣһ
Ϊһ׮컯ﾻ͵رһĨ˵ԣһԴȼա
֪ױһλʳǳ޵ţѵһ콾
˵⣬ﾻһתɫһĨζ
ûе걻ߵһءԴҲϲ˿̤ľǿ;
ػһԼµʲôĲƵӿһĨ𺧣ףѵǴ㡭
ﾻ΢΢һЦضҲ־УҪ̤۵;վһߣãлܰǰһӵо֮㡭Ըһԣ
ҡһڸ
û뵽ףҲ統һѰϵġ컯
ţӲ̤δɣҼɵ
ﾻ䣬ңҿԸ㣬ǲ˶ͤͻ
ųϹ˶ͤ
ϼһǰ½磬ۼʶѰĲѶ˼
̤㳤پߣȾָ˵ȡ컯
Ϊ׼ġ
˵⣬ﾻдһĨڽϼһӦݶȡ컯ΪڵһὫеʥؿţ˶ͤжɳ١
֮һʽװˣˣ˶ͤɿʱڣһٶɹγ٣
ףѰģй˶ͤݣ
ôǾҪ͹˶ͤü
ﾻȻɱѰȡ컯֮ǰ˫к
ɱ֮˭ܶȡ컯Ȩύ
ν
򵥵ķʽ
ս
һżǰŵ洫ӣ츳׿֪ӵʮеսþ֮Կ
ﾻɫһõضһݶսʤˣ̸ʲôڴоʲôʸȥԣ
ΪﾻԾһضˣҿⱲӻǱѩˣ
Դ͸ŭ䲻ζ
ɫ粻òһҧף¾ôˣһþһа취þ龡ս
ϣ
ﾻһӣһöӳ罣Х
ĥŷ׼ĥĸǺ츳ֻҪֵʮŲ㣬Ժһϸߵͣ
ĥ
ͨ콣Ϲʱֵһʥء
һԣΨΪ׵洫Ӳʸ
ȻΪԾɱ䣬ﾻҲѪ
ؽŷģףζԸѰ
ʮһεġĽǰȡͽһĻѰҪڴ֮к׶ԿȻ뵽˴δУ
ΪҷӺȣǷȱģʱˣֻǰϣлֲ̰塣
⣬ҲǶԸѻᡣ
ﾻԵгȻѾ˼ǡ
һ󣿡صǲ̫һЩ
ļɰ첻ɴ£ǾҪȥԸӣҲʹûʲôһ޷һɱעݾߣͽ䱸
ﾻڵˣʥصΧ£أӳ죬ɲ˭ġ
ʶҪԸѣһ֣ͱ֮һĨ
˵ѲƵһɱһֲִķΧС
֮һɫ䣡
ؼ˸׼жʱ󶨣ٳɡ
ѲƵزڴ
Ҳǰ㣬ӵֲġԴԺγ޷ۣ֮

ݡ
ǡ
ҹɫ£еƻ貶
ѰӲĽֵϡ
ǰɫƽ
¡
ģɳһ𽣵߳ͨ콣ڼֱˣǶ׵һ彣𣿺ʦڣ
Щ߷߲ƽ
˵⣬ʲôǷһĨŹ֣ǣ㵱ʱòѿֻСȸҲ˰ɣ
ȷʵ뷨Ѱڵ
ɫأ֮ɫЦ˵ʵСȷʵǹɫ㣬ǣܰˣɷӢ
Ѱ˸ۣ˼ôֻǸоȱһѡ
㡭Ҫ
˻һһݣ˿⽾ޱȵĹ佣ᣬȻڿ£ۺ췢費ɣ
Ѱɫһڣһ￴Ǳã˼ȴ湻ġ
ˣѾ뿪񾩣ݾڣǲǸöŵˣ
ӻһתƵضѰ

Ѱ룬һ뿪ǡ
һ
һççɽУҹɫīѰӵӰƮȻ
ӴܣЦҹڷɱҹòΪݣɱڰɣ
ˮѣҲ
Ѱɨһۡ
һһէЦһҲЦ
ͱٷϻˣ
Ѱȴû뵽Ӿһ룬һ·߶߶˵û꣬ѰЩܲˡ
ãҴӦ㣬
ۼҪƪ۵˵ʲôѰ۾һɣ죡
ȻһӣͨͨӰڵϡ



1029 ΪΪ
Ӱأʹƺߣӻ
ħ㾹ҽѹ񣡣
ɶ񣡡
ˣǵڹŲݱѰµʥغĵѩǧۺ
ǰѰ߽ɫ䣬ƿڴоǳ֮ɫ
Աߵסħ񣿾Ȼ
һʶ̬ļһǺηʥˡ
ΪʤһľȻû˵Ѱ
ӻû뵽ǰ⿴忡ˣ͡ħŹ
ѰҪɱҪУ㾡ַܷͨʽǣȴ룡
ɫ࣬ҧгݳ
˭ѹһʱ䣬Ҳһ
ѩǧ仰ﲻ࣬ɫͬޱȣʥصĺĵӣȴΪζɼܡ
ѩǧۣʶ϶Ѱɱǡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǵݰһɱǣѰⱲעѲ˱ʥ׷ɱ³
ֻҪǴ˾֪ѡ
ѰܽѹڣҲٳٲҶҪǵ
λǵ˼˽⣬޷ΪʥΪɽҲ̫ǡ
ѰɫȻƽˣϧǲ´ˣ֮ǰɱǣΪǻãϾһŵĴ׷ҲԽǳ䵱һЩֵ
˶٣ɺȻֵҲûˣѾȴһ£ҲûŵĴ׷ǣһ
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赭дҹɫɽ͵شƮȴһɺѩǧۺԻһɫ䡣
㡭ѵҪϵѪɫʾɷޱȡ
֪ôĺѩǧǿ԰סеļ¶м
вĻʱҾΣǾãµˣܱ˳ԡħ񡯳ƺ
Ѱûһ˿
סʥȶҲΪ׷ɱңŲݶǷʱУǺֻΣ
ѩǧëȻѰԽƽԽǸеͿ־塣
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ȻʥˣʱҲע޶ԣ
οǲʥˣǻᣬдѵǰ̣ڼٵĴܸľ㡭䣿
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е׸еηˡ
ѩǧҲͷɱǣֻ¸ĻˣǣҲΪ㻯һɱ١
ѰǷһĨζЦݣͷȻҾһһ
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⣬ӣһԣվҪһЩۡ
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죬˶Ӧ֮أͱ򱬣ĴҲ߽֮⣬һΪʹ˳׸ϵ
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ѩǧۺһ̣һֱĸоΪϣֱɱǶܣ
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˵ʵҲһĻˣ
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Ѱ̾һӣһεɢɣϣ߳Ƭķɽ
¡
ѩǧۺ类쫷ɨеҶ˲ͱ͵Ƭããɽ
һʱžֹ
Ѱʲô˵
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Уӵɴ顣
ѰûĿ⿴˹ȥӰ񱦱
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ֻѩǧ۶ˣǵ侲࣬ѰĿ⾡ܴļɵͺ⣬ȴûг
㡭òҲҪŮºְɣ̲ס˵
˻һ񱦱ɫԶһ䣬ʲôҲСҲ
ѵѩǧۺѾˣ
ѹֶŵУѰˣһλ
񱦱нһ
ѰĬƬ̣תȥ߰ɡ
ߣ
סˣ񱦱Ҳסˡ
ѰȴԶʼղٻͷ񳹵¡
ӺȻٵһЦҾ˵ħܻŮ֡
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˵գæѰ뿪ķ׷ȥ
񱦱ɫӣԸеޱȵ⣬ͬʱҲһҸС
û뵽ħҲʱ򡣡񱦱˵پģĹǣһμˡ

ҲɫɬڹŲʱһɺݺݰһұϡ˽ͨС
ᣬɵӲš񱦱ο
һãǰȻĻȥŻʲôӦ
񱦱һɫһ䣬ʶء
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˵ħϧ񣬲ɱŮˣ
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Ʊػֲ²⣡
ᱻΪѾħЭĳֽŻỻһȻĽ
ǸӺ΢ʥѽѰ֮ǣ£Ǽ㷵ţעʺɣ಻Ҫ鷳ͷ粨
ѵ֮ԷŹǣѾ²⵽Ǽ㷵ţҲòֹۣ
񱦱Ȼһ
һǸĿڴô֮󣬻ܻڣ
͸ź⣬ҧгݣûǣѰ·ǹĳ辭
˵ħ񡭡Ҳ̫ˣ񱦱˫Ŀʧ񣬱
߰ɣΣܹ취¡һվ
ȥѰѾû˼ֻŸȥŽ͡

û뵽̸ɫħ񣬻ϧŮˣʵ
ҹɫ£ããУһ
ڹŲʱѾӦԹ壬ȻΪ
ѰȻ񱦱˴ηʥأֻҲֹˣγһֳͷ
һɻ󣬰͵׹еҲ̫
գ
Ѱ˵ˣɫƽɣҲգֻɱɱ֮ˣΪ˱ɱһͨħͷ
סѰĿҲһĨͬζ
ΪΪ
⣬Ǵ˵еħ
һ˵Ѱĺ桢𾪣תһغ塣
֮ǰⱲҲֻĵһˣǾĵһ档
ڣֶһѰ



1030 ɽĴ
˵㶼Ѿ֪ʲôѰƳһӡ
Ӵӳ˼оѣʶʵʲô
Ѱֱָһ㣬׿Щϵͳ̸ֻⶫʤ磬ʥغͨ콣ΪУһ𣬾Ͳıҵͬ
Ц㶼£ʲô
ɫһĨ⣬Ϊʮλ֮һ治ʲô鷳
ʹңѰü
һ˵ӣ֣ǿǹͬѹҡ
סѰȻҲУܸøңΪʲôɣ
ɫȻ֣ˣͬУʦֺ֮⣬ƽûˡ
˶٣õΪѣһǰɽμһºġСͷ֮
Ѱѯʣͽ⡰Сͷ񡱽һ顣
ڶʤ磬ÿ꣬ͻһСͷ֮
ʱӵ־Ϊһ콾Իڡɽϣչ
գΨǰʮλǿߣܹһˣ
ˣѰһ
ԣҲ֪ˣ
ȣҪڴٺ̤߾ʵУȥͻˣԽǿĻԽ󣡡
¸ϵͳĹʶ
ǲɽһϹʱͿơ졯ؾ񶼲̽Ѱ
ഫɽ˶ӵبŲ֮ʣܹӴ棬𡣡
ҲдţɽΪŻԭʼĴԴ֮һеڻеܾϡ
Ӹп֮ⲻɽĴ̫ˣ¹ȥֱҲûܸһȷ𰸡
ɽѰʵ
ҲĶˣ
۾һҿƾӵеսܹڡСͷ֮Уɱʮǿ֮С
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ӺԥμӣҿΪ·
Ƕʤ确ء֮һΨйϵͳŽеġ·ͼ޵Ȼ֮սҪУҲĳϵͳ
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Ѱˡ
вһ̾ʵڹŻУЩϵͳһִصףѿһԴ
ǹϵͳĴˣ츳սξޣҲûʸ뵽Сͷ񡱵У
ϵͳĴøԴֻԽԽǿ
޵ߣҪԽԽѣ

գѰ뵽˴ΡСͷ֮
˵˴ξһ󼴽ٵġĽǰ񡱴Ųٹϵ
߾ĵطλڡءڡ
СͷǰʮСͷǿߡ
ǰǰʮġͷ

Сͷ֮ҪһºĻ֮ǰѰǰ鱦ʥһˡ
鱦ʥλīݣѰڵ֮䣬ֻݾңԶ
Ȼ˶ʤ磬ѰԵǰȥһԾѡ
ѵŮӣѰǲһĨЦ⡣
ӵڹֱ֮֮Ѿ겻ˣҲ֪ڴ֮ߵһ
һ
Ѱӽ͹īݾڣշתɶ˰֮ãˡǡ
鱦ʥڵġɽλǧ֮ԶããɽС
һ¥С
ӿŶѰԥã̲סʵѰ鱦ʥؾҪʲô
Ҳ˵𣬰ݷһλˡѰڵ
ΪλҪݣӺܲ⡣
ʱѰһĴ磬ϲ
鱦ʥشϳҵݣܻǳ鷳
Ѱ˻һһĶͷеҾ֪϶⣡
̲סʵ㡭鱦ʥж𣿡
ɱһ洫ӣǵһЩ洫ѿˣһиϼһҲ֮ǡ
Ѱ˼ԺвԽ귢ڹ桰ʥؾеһĻĻ
꣬ԾѴһ𣬺鱦ʥصһ֧ǰ̽ѰԵ
ɺȴЩ鱦ʥ֮䷢Ѫͻ
ѰǵãԼУȻǷ硢顢Ƴˣӹһ١
ҲõöԷԼǡ
£Ѱɲ̫ҡ鱦ʥʶԼˣֻһԾѰˡ
ɴʱЩѾסѰĿ⣬һ˵ĸӡ
ս붫ʤ磬ֵʥؼɹܻ׷ɱ㡣
ȥ񾩣¼ͨ콣Ҳ󶯸λ޹⡣
鱦ʥضгⱲû˭ھͷħһ
Ӹп꣬Ѱֱ̫ˡ
ɣ½磬ȴһ˽ƣ񼴱붫ʤ磬Ҳţֳһһ󶯾治ħĴڣ
ˣˣµġ콾ưѾ¯巢˻ƽϢϣ
أ¥һܵĴС
ԭ˱͵ľ¥һ£ɿس˳ȥĻƽϢȥ
Ѱһʲô콾ư񣿡
һƳİ񵥣ÿ·һΣһηʮ͹Żһ콾йصŵĺ䶯Ϣ
ڵѾ½ʱ䣬ѾγһӰȫ¹ע
Ҳ֪֮Ҫˣһ콾ΪҲȻ˵Ĺע
ʶư񣬸һܵ޵ߵ׷
˵ܹϣʹһܵȫ¹ע
ȻֻʮϢҲζţΨ䶯ŵ콾ϡ
Ѱ׹ЦΪɢϢĿɷѿģ伫
ҲˣϹʱǺųơϢ֮Ϊ˴̽Ϣܵı˭죬ݴţʥ˴Ŀɫܴ̽
Ѱľˮ̿˰ٷϰ鳣һֱڽҪΪϢ֮ġ
ߣҲȥε콾ưϣЩ콾ɳ˺䶯ޱȵĴ¡
²
Ҳá
Ѱͷ
룬һԾ貵ĻƽϢ֦ƽ⡣
ʱ⸽ӵ޵ӰΧ˸ˮйͨ
ң˷޵ڸ
ƺΪ콾ưķǶ䶯ˣɴ˿ɼ񵥵ӰǺε֮ˡ
ѰҲˣɽ˺һĻҲһп
٣ţõ½ӵһһҲ޵߹עĿ⡣
ѰǵִʱǻƽϢϣոֳλ콾ưϢ
Դ̴ҶĦڭƹضǰ֮һġħء



1031 ·ұ
ҶĦڭ
һ
Ѱע⵽ҲЩԾɫײر˱䡣
һΪ˻ԵǲҪˣħؿϹʱպĹսгŴֲ˵־ߣڣ׶̤У
ૡ
ȻҶĦڭ⡰ħء޷ƽ
ʲôԵѰ档
Ľһ
ԭ⡰ħءΪŻء֮һϹӴһֲսؾĪ⣬ꡣ
ͬʱҲ಻Ϊ֪컯ͻԵ
⡰ħءǿߣǾһ⴦أ̸ɫ䣬˸Խ׳һ
Ĺżأħؼ䲻򵥣ܺʹ˵еħ֮սйء
ӳҶĦڭǰУֻΪĥġ޻桯
޻ʮ֮ͨһ˸񣬴˰һֱαԴƿء
ԴУҲ˭ܹƿش˵С
˵ͨ죬Գ츳֮ܲ˵
ȻҶĦڭ⡣
޻תǬаĪ⣬̵ġҲѶãҶĦڭܽ˵ĥеزսעÿֲޱȡ
дһĨɵ;裬սλжʤʮ۾ͷеĵλܹŴħ߳ע仯
ѰĬҲид
Զȱ֮ҶĦڭܹλʮ۾ͷ֮УȻһҫ۵
ʱ򣬻ƽϢϣӳֳλС콾ư񡱵Ϣ
һͳĽիʥŮǰս̫һźĵӵһ㣡
źǣչأӦսһܰλ̫һźĴˣﳤȥ
һȻ
עҪһҹ֮䣬Ϊʤͳ֪
⽾СҲˡѰɫЩͼһЩڡ
Ҳ磬ж̲סʵ
Ӧǿ˲ֹһ㡣Ѱڵ
һ㵵ģЦֻʶѣҰɣ
ֻʵʵ˵Ůǿޱȵġӡ۵ƻʱ˱Ϊľɱ֮һ̫սɲһɱȡ
Ѱһ
ƲƲ죬Ȼȣ˭ǿһЩ
Ѱһ˼ɲ˵ʱԾһΣûзֳʤ
Σ׷ʡ
˵ѰҡͷڱǿɶԷȻҲڱǿսһҲӮԷ
Ȼ޷⣬ϸһ룬Ҳ⣬ﵽħȼǿߣ޷óˡ
ƽϢ½ֳλС콾񡱵ġڶϢ
ÿһϢػһȻ
ѰҲýζ
λеĵϢͺһЦĵйأԱ磬ͽħҹ˱һеġ˫ս졣
λеϢˡ桱йأ˵Ч¹֮ʥͣǰ֮һġ·
ϢʱǾ̾ǵǡ
Ϊ棬һͬˡ
Ҳǡ·͡ħءһɲ˭ȥģ
λеڶϢȴѰ㵣ǺһĪŮйء
Ϣϵ˵Ůһضͼڣսʹӣֱһͷ׾ܺһͷѪ
һڽ֮ϣǱеŮټʥһλϹע⣬Ҫȡıס
ɽȴ˲Ůű֮ǣһ֮䣬ͽλϹɱ
ݷƲ⣬һڱףӦһضֲʥ
ҲˣõڱеŮӣһޱȵɫʡ
һײĸһλϹŮӲ򵥰ࡣ
Ѱ𣬵̲صĺʱ׾ܣҲһͷԨڱϵһڱס
ʱľƹ죬׾ܣԼ󣬾һ㣬ŵĶӡ
ֱѰûԭ
ʱһܡѪϢףԭһӡһͼıףһŮܾڣ
˭
ѵҲǺĵ껡ʥλСүһشڣ
Ѱ˼ɡ
Ҳڴʱ͵һĻȻ춯أƼ׳ۡ
һѰϣ˷ܴҵָ磬˵ʲôţƾڰеһϵ׳٣Ժ䶯ˣ
Ѱ˼ѣ̧ۿȥλС콾ư񡱵һϢ֪ʱѾֳȫ𶯡


1032
ħһչ䡮ħ񡯷ɣ֮ǰһƵʮ¥е¥¼
ʮǰ֮¼˱һᡢ˴ƣ
Щ޵ʣ֮µһ˵ףǷܱԽ
ڣħĺճΪǽ˴𰸣
ħһɵˣȴƣɱʥصΧһڰдŹʣĴ֮·Ƿܼ
һڴ
ǡ콾ưλеһϢһּȵ۳ƪһ
УǺ䶯ޱȣ޵Ϊ֮Ȼ
Ϣԣһ޿ˣȴ򽾲Ⱥ貵ĹŻһУŴε촫棬дԼĹԣֱǲ飡
ŵǣϵͳĴѹ£ħأǿ𣬲ʹ˰ͳţ̫˾ˡ
ԽԺֻħ񣡡
޵߼¶Ƴ֮ɫ
ߣľ֣ش֮ħҫۣҲվûɳ˵׼ʲôʱزˣ
Ҳߣġ
ģҾϲħɣһˣںϵͳԣǣ£˭˿ɱȣ
ϡ
ѰһͷϢһʥءͨ콣ڣԼгЩֻ¶ԼΪж֮졣
ͬǹͷڿԼͷעĿĹע
ЩĿУܶģ
ףΪ޵߻Է˰޽֯ˡѰЦ
١콾ư񡱵һȷһΪ֪
һ
ͬģУҲ಻Ĺע
ԽԺ˭˲ʶһЦúܲá
ѰûٳϽߡ
ô㲻ˣ޵ߣֻ֮Ѹ˷ˣ㵹ãһĲ鲻ԸӣǵΪʢۣ
Ц
Ѱȴû˼Цü޿ˮϸƼһоκˣƱػᱻϯУĿǰҶԣ״
˵գȥ
һﲢûбĿǰȡõĳɾɱ۾콾縡ƣֻרע֮;
һ˼ţһ׷ѰŲ

⣬ȺɽһƬԭʼçĵľ
鱦ʥڵġɽλƬççȺɽ
ʹôȥݷùˣ
·ϣ̲סʡ
鱦ʥؿҲһϵͳѰپֻҪɽ϶ᱻ鱦ʥصϹʶơ
ԣҴæѰЦ
ңһ㶡
ԣҲֻܰǰ鱦ʥһˡ
ǡ
ԥȥҲУܵ˵һλ˭ɣ
鱦ʥشԾѡ
Ѱ˻һɫ͵رù죬еԭ
һ£Ѱˣôϵ
ɫԽˣѰ˵ܲȸң㡭Ůʲôϵ
ѡѰԥ
ֻѣӽһȷ
ѰѯԵЩԾ˼Ƭ̣ԣѡ
Щ飬û취˵׵ġ
Ǿͺá
ưһ˵ԾѣҵҲ֪ȴΪҫۣΪһˡ
˭Ѱü
նһһٵ
ħõ˵ʱɫǱضׯࡣ
˭Ѱ̲ס
ʤ粻ã֪նҲ⣬ɶԶʤ籾޵߶ԣնһľ콾
ģ·ն֣ܸѹ
鱦ʥصʥӣϹʥϣλжʤʮ۾ͷ
˳ʱһ۵ͼա˲鱦ʥ񣬲Ųʮ£ӵˡĳƺš
һλϹŶ˵նšѪĸ弫ܺϹһйأ
Ѱ⣬ҲЩȡ
նﲻֹսȺƿֲ֮ʥϣĸ򼫿ܺ͡һйء
ԼҲ鱦ʥһϵͳĵʥӣԿϴν콾ﰵ
ǰʦնһս˵֪Ҳ˵֪һսʦ̾˵նˣȷò
ɫӣҵһμʦֻһͬ˸ߵۡ
Ѱ⣬ɻ˻Ƶһ콾Ծʲôϵ
ɫʱֱùܼ򵥣ǰһʥ֮صĴǰ鱦ʥףӭȢԾΪ£֪Σ
ȻشԹԴʱڱչеն֪Ϣƹضһ鱦ʥشҲκԵɣֱӳ֣Ǽһ
ѰһԼ³һЩԵɡ
ʱնº󣬷ºݻԺ˭ҴԾѵ⣬ȹնһأˣҲմ󣡡
˵⣬Ӳпڵֳټķ粨õԭ֪ԾѴŮ޵ߣҲʱס֡
Ѱ˲ףղΪλһѯԼԾʲôϵˡ
ԭΪԾߣնʹߡ
ǣնԾʲôϵѰüʵԼһִ⡣
Ͳ˵ˣ˵ն޵ǣҺϲľԾѡ
Ҳ˵նԾΪδİ£Ⱦָ
֮¿ȷǣնԾѵĹϵ϶һ㣬նľͷܻԾѣ
˵⣬ѵԣһȰñŮ뷨ǵѣҲעһ·ִ磬ǳնǿС
ѰŶһĪЩ΢ɬĸо
겻û뵽Ծ߾նһʹˡ
ѡе
ߣնѾһ
Ѱ˼ЩңЩԥǷҪȥһԾλˡ
ԼðǰͽһЩҪķգ
У겻ǷѾˣǵԼ֪Ǹˣ
鲻ԽأѰԺиֳһŮװЦŮ
УЩ΢ɬԥˡ
Ѱ㡭òԾеʲôɣ
ۼѰĬɫ𲻶Ӳһɳ
ٺߣѰһۣǰһסе
ǷҪȥݼλˣʡ
ҪΪʲôҪѵΪһն͵øıҴݷõ⣿ѰɹЦ
Ȼ֣ղԼˡ
ûȷԾѺնĹϵ֮ǰôԵúû壬ûʲô
ο侲һ룬Ծ֮ȷûʲôȽĹϵҲֻܳͬѣ˴͵ĹѰˡ
ֹϵǷܸһ
ѰҲ֪
˵Щûǹ⣬ԼҲԾŮ֮ϲһЩ֮ϲһ㡣
ΣһΣһҪһԷģ
Ҳԣ
һĴȣЦҵˣǰĿħ֮ǰ˵ȫϹġ
˵⣬Ȼ˷ܵ˵⣬ҷڴܰԾѴն߶Ҳܳô˻ᣬһն棡
ѰһһȫΨ²ң
ûã˵ӰһƬ۵ɽУɽҰããƵ
Ϣ
Ѱ㣬Զǧ֮أ鱦ʥڵġɽˡ
Ϣ
ӺʹشӦ
ƾ˵ݣֻȥݷһԾѣöԷѰɶѣ̸ʲô¡

һʯ᾵ɽۣ֮ѰһʯϣԶƺ
ԺУ鲻ԽػӵһʶԾѣٵһδνӴʱĹ⾰
ԾѺһ󷽵һһЦһһ͸һ崺ϡ
һѰһȫ̸޾ɸо
˵ѰʶŮУ˾̣续Ϭϻֲޱ
Ըииʺͷ绪
ΨԾѣѰ֮Ӵʱܹеޱȵڡ
ÿŮ˶Ƕһ޶ģɺȻԾѰԣڲͬ

Ѱ뵽⣬Īһ¶һĨЦΣƳ硣
겻ÿ˶Լı仯ֻǡҲ֪ԹǷѱúͬˡ
Ѱૡ
ԶƺڣݣڽϦҫ£ʵɫ
ǡ˿֮ѰУʵƾ˼Ʊǰƽ
ţ
ѰӴʶ֪£ǧ֮ĵطֳһѤĶݹ⡣
ѰȻڷƮһϮ°ɫɽХ졣
ԶƺڣϦ



1033 ħ
ಣ
һѤĶݹӿգǧ֮⽥ֳ
ֻǣѰɫȴһԭЩڴ΢ײɡ
ԶĶݹУӣҲӻƵ۵鱦ʥ޵ߣΨûԾѵӰ
ңЩӰֹĿ࣬ʮˣлλ벽ڡ
ͺܷˣ
ѰЩɱĥһ۾ͲΣԥתӰ
Ƭ̺Ӻһ鱦ʥ޵ߺХն
λˣȻԹѾǰɽΪμСͷ֮׼ԺݷҲС
գֵ
̫ˡ
ΪһӰݣɽߺЦڣǰðһ䣬һģ
˻һɫԱЩ΢
Ŀɨˣһôѵһڰݷ𣿡
ɽ߹һЦû⣬ֻǡ
˶٣ȥϵЦݣжһĨѶζ֪ɲһġ
üǬǰ⻰ʲô˼
װˣ˭֪ǰЩӣħһڰµģ
һȳ
Ǿˣػģͼ죬ɱǲ
˵˵ɣħǲǺһģ
鱦ʥشҲ׷׿ڣһӵĿУһĨ⡣
Уƺնһɱ
˼Ƭ̣ȻЦʦڹ뿪ʱҾͲԾһȻˡ
һˣһ鱦ʥ޵ΧסˣȴһҲη壬¶м֮ɫ
ϴ̽ħϢֱ룡ȰǻǸϽ
˵գӾֱǰ
ৣ
ɽ߹Ǭһ֮ǰɫǱõĮᣬѣһУҵȿɾֻܶһЩֶˡ
˵ʱǿ߽Χ£ϢӿһһԲϱҪֵļơ
ɫһҲֻһ䣬Ҫս𣿡
ǬƤһȻûôţֻõ˵һЩʵˣõ𰸣ҵԻṧ͵뿪Բκ
ϣ
ĸһսìӲӵԣ˲¡
賶־Ͷ֣ȣ硣
Ѻαڤ粻飿ʱΪʱδǬ̾ȴǱɭȻ֮⡣
ϼһҲ¸㣬ǾɱңҲҿеõһϢǾԣ
ϢףӲӵģսìƺУһ򵱹Ī֮ơ
Ǭ˸Ȼ΢΢һЦ˵Ƕ㶯֣ħȣ
ɫ΢䣬ʲô˼
ѣˣǬһݵ͵ֱ̤ͦգһƳȥ
䣡
һƣ콵ɽɫԣնѹ飬ƴֲޱߡ
Ӻɨսì֮ӲڿɲĺУǬһ׾ٻ⡣
ƾ㣿ҲҶԾ
Ӳмü価ǹ°һ벽ȷʵ޷̫в
أ
ʱ½ĵӰӳŮһɫİ벽
ͬʱ鱦ʥ޵ҲԱܣԴ
Զ٣鱦ʥصľﶼ𣿡
ӳ
ѣСĻӿڳ
Ǭ̤ݵ屬ܣһ񱩵ı磬ɱȥ
ͬʱλ벽ҲӲͬ֡
ˣ
һŮӼһƤսģһģħź춯ء

һӻӶһӲӵأԵ
ն
һִһŽɱ

ת˲䣬Ӱ˷ܵУֹ֡
Ȼ־鱦ʥЩ벽ûκӣ򣬶ϲܻһӵϡ
ɫضıŭԾ¼ҹһ
ֻǣ֣һӰƾճǰ
˺ȻѰ
Ŀ֮ǰһĻĻ˽Ҳӿ𲻿Ƶɱ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬˷Ĺֶ
Ӱ޲ǿʢɲ԰벽ǿɱ֮һƬضƼ
ټƺ˲Ȼ촷ۣ
Ѱۼֿ죬ɲǼĳǧٵӲӵӡÿһӡʵӡ⡣
ıһйԱ⣡
ɶԴˣǬǲϲ
ħˣǬЦ
鱦ʥشҲЦһ֪˵ģ
ǰ׳֪ҪΪλҪôΪǸɱҲɣ
ȴܻŭѰ
֮ǰ֮ԺͶԷίߵؽн̸Ϊ˸߰еѰб䣬ûȥ
룬һȴɵˣ
׳գ
ѰǸһĨȣΪѣ׳ܱȱҪһЩ˵أ
ѣһкشѡ
ħ񣬵ڹ֮ڣɱֶ㻹ǵ𣡣
ԶǬɫԹˣѾȴܾˣˣ
ħǺôĵӣڹ֮У鱦ʥص𣬽ջ̤鱦ʥأֱǲ֪ôдģ
ɫҲǱޱȡ
ϻ湻ģҸɱ𣬽վ͸Ұˣ
˵ʱѰˣɱĻᵢʱ䡣
飡
һѩ׵ıڿգΪ֮һ䣬绯һħ񣬱ǰ
ǬһУ͵תȫΪ߶һսɱһ֣˴ⲣ
ֻǣû£Ѱѱ̫ˣѸŲƣԵһȭ
һǬսҰֶ
ͬʱǳʢֲȭֶ£ݺӡڹϡ
꣡
ǬǻȻݱ飬ݵ乭ĴϺݺݵɳȥ
ѪҽУ˴
ʼգŲգ۹
ȫΪ֮һš
һȭ
ǬȰ벽ڣ޷ֵ
ҲǴʱ͵ʶǰˣڶʤһħ
ӣҲײس鴤һ£ۼײкͱ̬Ѱе޽һ
һ궯һ鱦ʥ޵ɫ䡣
ʱѰѺޱؼ
վ鱦ʥصĵ̣ڵɽŲǧ֮أսپʱԾãػԤķ
䣡
ѰӰãֳɫİӳȥ
ڰ;һĹ쳹ʵʵĹɢǿޱȡ
ѰһȣһͷӰڿգһӲǹ
֮ƲõֳƤĵŮҲ׻شĲҽС
ʱѰӰɱǰǰһƥӡɱ¡


1034 
벽ǳʧߣһֻŵżսԶ޵ߡ
Ƕεİ벽սǿ֮
ɶѰ־ԣǿİ벽Ҳ߹ûʲô
䣡
հӡɱ֮£ֳɫİƾƴУջǻɱֵ屻Ӳ飬Ѫɡ
ԶֳƤŮӵĲҽȻֹ֡
ɱĻߵֹ
鱦ʥش˽ͫľš
Ÿտսͱɽ
֮ǰϵġ
ɱ벽նݽ棬ֻҲҪѷ֣̾
ˣ
ۼѰһγһı
һֻ־Ϊʥشϣڴ˿̾ǱֲƣŰ˷ơ
֮
ѰͫһͿӣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ѻһ뷢Ұףݸ㣬ƥ
ȣ糯ϼһؼ䣬ǧתУâӿƥ
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گ֮ϣӡŤʥƣдŹʣõһɫ̫ӳ죡
飡
ֽ֮ƣɫگ赲סײ
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¡¡
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ŭ𣬽߾ȫ߷ɫگ
Ѱһǿ԰еɱԦۣٿȻԶȥ
ǸҪ׷ȴԾ֣۵ٶ֮죬ȫգۼѣǿټˡ
û뵽оһʥб˵â
鱦ʥشסû뵽߳û¶Է
һʱ䣬ǽԺܲġ
ղŶԾУһλ벽ɱλ벽˴
ʧƲ󣬿ȥվԵ̫ˣ鱦ʥص
ȥţȫͨħ񣡡
һϣӰһѰӶݵķȥ

ͨ
ں۸շɶݳȥãһģͨڵأڿѪʹƺ
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ӲѪգЦֻϧǣһگ˷һϹϣ̫費ֵˡ
ѰĬƬ̣Ұʮֻ
֮ǰӺηذԼ֣סǵһѰҲе⣬дѡ
˵֮ǰֻǵѰѣôڣȫͲһˡ
ѽ顣
˻ףȴԹ˲Ƶ
ҲˣۼأõѰҲһƲסŭ⡣
Լ˴ΣֻݷԾѵģΪ˱鷳ټ
鱦ʥȻôΪֹʦڵضԸӣԴԼһλ̤㳤پߣԼɱ
޷ˣ
ұ𣿡
ӷһֽУҧгݵУҷȥ˲ɣģ񣬻ûǱ
һתЦֻڣһ治Ķ֣ԣվδɣĴУپɾޣҲûʲô𡣡
ǰһ̫ˣΪƾݣδ֮ǰû˭ңڲŷ֣νͳͳǹƨףʵ㹻ǿУ
˵üһĨɫȻεľҲǴܴ
ţ׷ˣ
أѰһУں󷽣һֲϢڿٿ
ˣ
ûгɣѰȫ߷ۣһնȥ硣
ֻǣѰû뵽ǣ׷ɱһֱ֮ã
ÿһΣӸսһǳأһʱһӣǾͻ׷ɱ
ѰҲȥϢɸûã
һ·ϣķѰƷ費˵ڲٿغʱҲе١
ΪҲܵͬʱţƹ֮õûлָĻᡣ
ӾѾָ߰˰ˡ
겻ɢôǣ
һ죬ӼѰִۣһǳǰȻʵ
һɣڶͨ籨š
ѰЩ죬ǹʮǳأÿһΣǲΣ಻һӣͻᱻϹﾫ׼ѰҵⱾ⡣
ΪתڱϢȻϹԲ
һȴƵƵʧ֣ѰòɣǷڰǡ
ߣĳǿ׷
һݣ㣿
һΣһ׷ɱǷڰѰһĨɱ


1035 Ѫ
ɳǡ
һλīݱСǡ
ʮ֡
ѰһҾ¥ٴλãҪһ磬
ڣǽʮǣÿһζܱ׼ҵ˰ͨ籨ţעһΪ
ӳ
ʵѾ˴𰸡
ѰһƣȰɣ𰸻ܿͻ
Ӳٶʡ
ʱһһš
ۼʮӹȥڴʱѰȻƲʲôоƱʹһɫ
Ӱʧھ¥С

ɳֿڡ
˵һӵУ̾ﶼУɫɫ
һǽһӣһϮƾɵۣǰһ̯λϱһ
س㾡¡
аԣϳ¼ס
Ӷǣɫׯһ˷緶
ֻǣȴ壬ʽ򣬲ҲţС
Եģô㣿
Ӿֱ߹۾бŵӣǴһĨζĻȡ
ɫ΢䣬ɿһƲʲô
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˸Цǣ˺˲ѧǳɶϲ
ܡӱñ䣬ŵӣƤЦⲻЦ룬Ҿ֪
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칷ġѪ顯ֲҵǣԭЩڹڰæ
ɫ䣬ɱ¶
ʵû뵽鱦ʥصһλǿߣǾкǿáĺĺ칷年һ
㡭Ҫʲô
Ӽݰ¶׻ˣȻ֪ҵݣӦ֪ĺذɣ
ž
Ӷ÷ϻƣֱӽԷ˹ȥһһٿȻʧԭء

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һһޱȵҽʱһصĹ֮ëȻ
ҺСݱƸǣϣ򣬷עɡ
Ѱַƹ£ӱĥûþͱˣͲƵĽһ˵
ԭ˴κǵĺɺ칷𣬺ֲīݵĺ칷ǿһжѰټػһʱԡѪ顱Ϣ֮ǡ
ˣѰ㳹ˣк칷֮ǰһδξ׼׷پͺˡ
ѰҲһпεȴ޷ЩڹĹӣЩˡ
ͬʱҲ⹶˭ˣǵ磬һ·׷ɱСǸ칷
Ȼ칷鲼Ż⹶ֻ֮һˡ
Ѱȴû뵽칷Ѷˣ⹶оԲģ׷˶ʤԼⱨҲ̫ˡ
Ҳ޵ĺ޺칷壬ȴûٸȺģ±Ⱥ蹷ҧһˡ
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Ѱ΢΢һЦƷ𣿡
Ӷʱ¶ĵ飬ҲԣҶԣ
ѰڵԹ֮󣬿϶˵
˽̸ʱǵ¶ֺ;СݵĽɪɪ

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뷢ҰףӰͣǧױӿУ̤㳤پǡ
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ٷϻѪң
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غֿڸȻ飬ݣ޵߾ò̶ֻӣһƬҡ
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ֻǣò˵پϹȷֲ̫Ų˼Ĵ
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ѽֱѰ֮յصסһǿѰߵķƵĵɳȥؿڷƣȳѪ
ɫһ䣬Ԧź۾Ӷݶȥ
ͬʱ͵ӰԸѳһ˻𣺡С飬Ϸǽǧвɣ
ըף¡¡쳹֮ϣɳǶ
ʱǣ뷢üëյþ⣬ڣڹѣλã˺ѿ˿ڣѪģĿġ
ģʵҺǱһλپڣȴֵ˻ͷòѪĪĳ衣
䣡
ûκγɣһŭĿѰӶݵķ׷ɱȥ
ɳǣ޵߾긦һĻ㱸С
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ȴֻܴˣѰòϣ볤ٵߣʵ̫ǿˡ
ǺǣҲǣ˿ֻ¶ˡ
̲סЦһͻϮܳɹûɱԷȴҲöԷǱ澡ʧʹ졣



1036 
ǵȷˡ
һΣԳк칷ԭΪȲʤȯʱ䣬ȴԷŴӹ׷ɱЩ
ֱһΣԷƣݺݿһѣش˵棬̣
ȷһ죬Լ˵Ϣͻᴫīݡ
С飬ˣ
˵֮ǰԸѰǳһΪ˼ô˿̣ﻢ£ΨɱѰ棡
ȻҪǣ˿ѿȷѰϣֹӵһʥ
ջ󣬱˵һߣʥֻҲˡ
ֻǣ׷ɱУȴѷ仯
Ѱһ·ӶݣƵƵ벻ͬĳǳأÿһνǳأصһʱɱеĺ칷ǿߡ
һõǶʱʧȥ˶Ŀ׷Ҳ裬ûþͳѰٲѰټˡ
ö㷢
ͬʱīݾڣ鱦ʥͨħϢҲһȻ󲨣֪顣
Ҫ֪ǰʱ򣬷Ÿոշһ֡콾ư񡱣ħְ񾩵Ϣλа񵥵һһܵʤĹע
ڣħīݣ鱦ʥزԹβ𾪣
ħҪڹŲʥغͰͨ콣ڴһҪīҲһƣ
޵࣬ΪѰֱ̫ײˣ·϶ûҵ
λɳشϢīݳ׺䶯ˡ
ǣһλپߣһɱȣȴȻˣκ޵߶޷
ǶһˣΪԭȥɱħԵЩԴСǣڵã͵ʴףħˣ
Ҳ鱦ʥһλˣȴڲţ
ЩۣĲѪԣûбȡڲָ񶾵ˡ
Ҳᶨ˻ɱѰ˼һѰѰټ
鱦ʥص֪ЩϢʱҲһգоЩҲסг˲֪ڰһѰѰټ
ֻǣǴŸû뵽Ѱ˿ںһõسԹ⣬һǾɽǧ֮صһɽϿС
ڣϴһ޴ĺڹȣյýͣŨ㣬̲ס̿ˮ
ߣѶһصıеһɶͷ
ʱɸоܴٻغϣ
ڹֱ̫óˣʾͿĨһЩζõϺΰͣζһ
㵱ʱ˵㶼Ժڹ⣿ѰרĿźڹȣڴһ䡣

ƵЦⲻǻû˵ʵڹϲ̨棬ζԡ
˵Ʒһͣ򿾼Ͻ͵ĺڹȵĿҲЩȲˡ
ûãѰĺڹȷֿݸһݣ˽Բٶԣͷ
ֱԵóŲʱŶӣƣĸпұ޵кڹ飬Ҳ
ֻҪ㲻±칷׷ɱʱʵԸѰƳһۣû뵽ҲǸԻ
˵ǻҪʲôʱ򣿡ʵ
ż鱦ʥزҪͨҲǰҲøһݡ񡯡
Ѱ䣬ңң˼Զķ
񡭡
һһĨʡ
ˣ
ҲڴʱѰӰƾһʧ

ԶգһȺӻƵ۵鱦ʥشӿգǵķȥ
Ϊ׵ģһ˰صĿӣһͷڷɢ̤īѥӦһĵ⣬תݣ
ֻǣʱ⿡ӵɫȴÿ£øߵ˽
˺ȻǷ磡
Ȼ顢Ƴһ鱦ʥųϸĴ£ٵ½硣
ʦ֣ħթޱȣʵǿԲ渺ˣжϣ϶Ǳħһǡ
һ˵Ȱο
ȻΪҴһ㶼ǷüһĨƲסŭ⡣
ɫڨڨ
߰ɣҵҪ겻Ѱǿ˺εȵزǷһֱǰɶݡ
ǣ棬˴֮ԳԸѰҲаǷ籨˼
ڣǷǵû֣ܵһǷ֮࣬Ҳޡ
˴γҪȥɱѰҪȥʱ֮Ľ죬ڹʥؾԼɨءĶӵ꣬ɳ˺εȵز
ţ
ֻǣǰûãǷһ۾棬ôˣ
ǰգӳһӰ뷢Ұףɢһ˵ơ
ͬʱǷ˽񣬡棡
ĿһɨˣǷϣǷ磬Ҫʲô
ǷҧгݵҪȥۿѰ飬ʱѣһ½Ĵֱܱ꣬ǿ󣿡
У͸žǺͲʡ
Ŷһǲıӱȥߣ޷ñǿʵ
Ƿɫ΢΢һŵͷ˵ĲҲȷ뷨
⵹ûʲôġ
УȵʵԼͣǷԺֻѳ򰡡
̾
棬ҡ
Ƿ⣬ͼɫһһεɢ͵شȵҪƱ磬ҿǱģϴ
ƽףǷˣҡΣʶС
ͲԾһԼշмӣ˵ҲӲôˣ
̲ס̧ͷȥһʱԵĵط
ǰ⡰桱ģ̬ԺԼӡһޣϢȴ̫࣬һڳĶơ
ңԼĿҲԾһ˿޵Ϸζ
㲻棡Ƿŭ
Ҳһ㶣һͷˮ
ȴǡһЦҵүүҿɲ㵱
ʱǡֳݣһ忡ģѰ
ѰǴųζĴЦǷһſһӱǺ죬ͷɣ̡
ŭڣָѰѰ龹ң
ʵÿץ񣬸ղԼġˡǰǱɱˣվ̫裬ֳȥⱲӷ̧ͷɡ
ħôĵӣ
ɶ񣡡
鱦ʥشҲӦɫޱȡ
ѰЦݲãƾԷáѲٶԣӰһ̤ǰ壬Ȼ


1037 ˪ԭ
ǰڹʥؾʱΪѰһ£Ƿ񹢹ڻ
Ƿ˳鱦ʥغĵУΪϴǰ衣
޷ܵǣѰһħ
ޣԸһαѰڸǷâ
ʶ˴ε֪ѰīݵϢʱһ̽һʹĳˣǿ˺εȵز
ʱǷҲᵽħĿ£
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ǰѰֱһˣսֶ֮ǿ֮Ƿ綼еһ
Ҫ֪ͬҲ̤۵;ѰʱǱѹ³
ҲǴʱǷʱԼڱǿѰͬҲڱǿǿף
ɣ鱦ʥУֻҲֻնԳ֣ӵѹѰĻᡣ
ֻǣǷ룬ͱѰ˹ȥ
Ƭ̺󣬳ʮ鱦ʥش˽Աѹһ⣬һܹӶݡ

ǡ
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һ糾͵޵߸յִ⣬׼ǣɲ̧һʱĿࡣ
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ϣдһĿѪɫ֡
һЩڼŴɵĴˣȴܣڹ飬оӣ˷ָݣ
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вڡ
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칷ˣЩһ湻޳ܵģ˭֪Щڹ޵޵һȺ
Ҳ˾̾һѪ͸¶Ϣʵˣ֤ʵģ鱦ʥصעմ۵㡣
϶ħɵģҲֻһôȳ飡
Щ죬鱦ʥزһֱͨȻǰһоԴӵһ
޵߽ڵһʱ䣬Լͬز²ͬһ֣ҲǷݣ޷
֮ǰ鱦ʥͨѰϢʱв޵ߴ㿴֣Ϊ˴ħֻҪѡ
˭룬ڽħչ˷
ңַڣԵ֮
һ鱦ʥؾưոݣ⣬īݽ˽ҹʼһ籩ˡ
˸пԤеҹ֮£עҪ𲻿Ԥķ粨
ԶѰջĿ⣬˴˶һۣϢЦˡ
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Ц˵
˽Щϵͳ磬ΪϺѡͺ칷򣬷Ǳɡ
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˵ѾǰɽǡҲҪȥμӡСͷ֮ʱټҲ޷
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鱦ʥ֮ĳޣǰѽ£½ղͻҲעᱬ
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ѰͷȻҹĺ

󣬶ʤ𶯡
ԭΪ콾ư񡱵һܾעѰһ޵߾̾
һʱ䣬ħ붫ʤ񣬲Ų¶ѣ½˹Ųݵʥء񾩵ͨ콣ڡīݵ鱦ʥأ
һӺգۺޱȵĹϵͳ
ħһɵ꣬ȴں͹ϵͳа壬ÿһζֳټķ粨ﳤȥʵ޵߸е𾪣̫˼顣
ֲڶʤĹϵͳϾǹŻϵġʥ֮硱ʥ֮ء
ԭһЩϵͳħĺճֲ⣬ΪֻһСС֡
ڣЩϵͳҲˣʼĿעǰǿϡ
½磬ɣûиţֻǹһˣȴϵͳŴΰȻԵúܲһ㣡
޼ɡ޷죬һעҪΪ¡ٵͳۡ
Ѱһ΢ĩˣȴŴսϵͳͳҲе裬ᵽһ˿вϢ
٣һǰδеıּڹŻݣֵ¾ɽ֮ʣܹħ콾⡣
ĵͳԹ۵̬ȣԶȱ콾ͿܣѰһʱ䣬ֵüۣɹףҲվֻһˡ
ͬ׿ͬҲɾ޵ҲûС
Ƿܹڴ̤߾ĵǳ͵;̣
ΪʱѰѳһƬ̵ĺѩԭϡ
ȥҰǱѩ˪زãһƬס
ɽλһؽ֮ڣУȺɹƬ˪ԭ
ӹһɢͱɱӣ׹һء
˵شϹϳ̹ǣݷڶ࣬ҪȻɹɲס
һ߽ţһߺѰǰɶݡ
ٶȼ죬Ҳ󣬷ǱҪѰɲԦһʥҡС
ʱ롮Сͷ֮ʱ䣬ӵжϣĻӦǰǲɽС
ããѩУ˵ӰܿͱûʧڼԶ
Ƭ̺һҵɱӼԶѰٿȻ㣬ʶɢȥ
Զطһͷǧɳִ緿ݵĺڿգںһӰӼս
ƥͷһǣȻл֮գ׵硢˪֮Ƭ붯졣
Ժŵ˵ǰ벽ˣҲעҪɥڴ޿У
ֻǣѰϣ˿̺ȴȫ뱻ѹƵĴУ
Ӱӣһͷ𳤷һĳ߳ͨѪɫս̬
սأ羪ףѸͶԵһĵ쾪ۣݺύؼ䣬ſɲĻϢձɢ
ԶԶһ͸һ˵Ծ֮
飡
ѰȥʱսѽӽβͼһӰ͵سһն£һѪɫ񷽵١
һž޴ͷ­Ȼ飡
׹⣬ӳǳֵӰϣ絶󣬷ɾ


1038 Ц
ѰҲһĨ֮С
Щˣһ֪ǳ֮עҪ𺳷ƣֱϡ
նֵ֮Ӱɾˣ
Ц죡
ӳԾҲˣ
˲䣬ѰҲ˭ˡ
ڱһֻתս磬һ㺮ʮݡĽħҹ巡
ҲһЦᵶ͡ĵЦ죡
ߣ˫˫ǰ㣬ﱱ磬ҫա
ȻԶһӰǵЦɡ
ৣ
ͬʱԶЦ׿
絶üӢˣһ絶財
׵һ˲һռ
ײؽӿ޷Զ졣
һϵν档
ܽһ˲ЦĿŲƣɨѰ
ǵ񣡡
ѰɫȻδȴԾȡ
ΪԸĲͬߴ֮;Ĳͬÿ콾չֳʺҲͬ
еϢϢңеϢᡣ
ЦϢĴգâ¶âɣҫޱȡ
ִڣ֮ͬһЩľǿˣ˲ͻᱻ壬û취ֵͷ
ȻѰҲֻԾȡ
Цƣһǿ֮һ
𺳺ͼɵ̸ϡ
ͬʱԶЦҲЩ죬ܸѰһ䲻һĽɫ
˵һգӳ񷣬ѰӡһڴԨ
ɲ⣡
˼Сͷ֮Ӧ̫ʧˡ
ЦĿ⣬ЦЦ¶ѩݣ󣬱תȥ
ѰܲеЩ⣬ֻʵһֶѡ
һǿǷ̫ˣǿսԽǿ
ЦӰ෢һϮۣѩȥֻǱӰԵǰҫۡ
̾Ҳ
Ҫһ̤۵ĽϲˣҪġ
Ѱ򣺡Щѣǰֻһʱ֮֮·һ֮
ʼ磬ЦģڰʱҶȴһ֣ĥƤĻٱ
˼ǰУһ·Ц·Ҳƽ˾ռ˲ٱˡ
Ϊһ·ϵޣѱЦһһɱ˸⣬ѰʱֻʣһѵĲʬ
˪ԭԶѰлҪһ·ϣѩҰããӡ
һ޵ߣܲסִ̹ǵĺ
Ѱӣ룬ҲòתΪкХ絶ĺ

أһԶϯķ籩˪ѩ
һͷӲӵ˫չаɳɶУƾˡ
ɫϣһȺŮпŮһȲһ֪
ҲѰӣδᣬܿͳƽȥ
һڵĴҲˡ
΢УҲ֪طûУǼһһ̬ǰʱֻһСͷС
ӽͣѰ֪ط壬ǹһһսǿᡣ
Źһһȥ·ϣ½޵ߵӰֳ
ǹϵͳĴˣȺӳУֹԶʤģ㡢Ĺϵͳˡ
һЩĴˣӶϲⲢԷǿ
ϾŻĴ磬ΪԱ˴״˽Ҳ
⻹֮⣬Сͷ֮ľǶʤһĶɴ˴Ȼܲһ㡣
ԭ򲻱ؽͣѰҲ֪
ˣ
Ϊ콾֮ϣΪ˶ȡеĴ컯ֲ㡢һ콾עʼį뵽һԵС
ͺñȴ˴ΡСͷ֮Ҳעúȫͬ
һΣעҪҺͲпᣬԭһĳһǰʮΣڡ
̾ҺȻоЩˡ
־ƴ֪
Ѱڵ˲ްǣҲԷƱ
ҡͷԼ֪Լ¡
ȻĴˣλʮУͬҲһʢľ
ͬʤϵͳУɫԲˡ
ң˴βСͷ֮ģ˶ʤ޵ߣǿߡ
ӵҲûġ
ΪһǡСͷ֮ǡĽǰȡġͷ֮
ǲɽϵĹƣ䳬ʮǿߣ츳׿ޣҲ޷У
һƣԵסĲ
ͬʱڡСͷеǿߣҲ޷ڶβ뵽С
סն桢㡢ҶĦڭֽɫȻܲ
ɸѡѹԻСࡣ
Ļסնһ콾ûʲôˡ
ϣ˴ξУ̫һһı̬ǿûʲôϣˡ
бѰһۣȷƾѰսСͷ֮ӦȲʤȯ
ھܹڵڼͲ˵ˡ
Ͼٵı£뵽Сͷ֮ԲѱûһЩѰ̬ĺˡ
ʱ
ѰڴƬ˪ԭһƬޱȵǰ
ԶԶأܹǺϣһ죬飬岼ʤ
ԶʲôˣŨŨ֡
庣ؾλƬı˰
ָԶ˵˺ɲ򵥣һ̣ܲĵͺñӣ۸ӡ
˺С·ͼƾͨͣҲעʧУûϣ
֮ǰһλʥǰ̽ѰԵȴΪûС·ͼУֱ񶼲طʶһ£û˸Խ˺һ
ѰͷѾУʶһɢԶĺϣţ뺣ʧ٣޷𵽰á
ȻһƬ嫵庣ϣĳǣعתĽʶҲʧȥá
Ѱ˵ִﺣǰʱǡÿһЩ޵庣ȥ
ǵӰһֺϣƾʧ糹һ
Ѱһ庣Ȼͬ죬ŷ˼
Ҳ߰ɣȵִﲻأ֪뵽˴Сͷ֮ɫЩˡ
һʹ
ɾڴʱһ͵ӰشӼԶһ޴ʯ󷽱Ӷ
С飬ˣϷѾڴ˵Ⱥʱ
ʱӰһɱһɿֲޱȵҲ糱ˮǵֶ
ߣǳپǣ


1039 ³
г˱ĿС
ǰīݣѰ͵Ϯش˵˹칷
Ϊܴ裬޷ԼһʱͿʼѰѰټ
Ѱڶʤмܻ뵽˴Сͷ֮С
ʶ͵ִ˵أݷ
һ̤㳤پߣȴΪ˶Ըһϧɼʲôˡ
򲻸ˣѰˣѾãѩܵĻκԥ
ҳϴεĲʹѵһһ֣Ͷȫ
ֲѹɽХѹȶǬѹȵѰжѡ
𵴣û뵽ڼ庣һ̣
Ҹһ֣ȫһ
һߵɱκߡ
οǻһλɹγٵߡ
һͻһλâ
ȻΣޱȵĹͷ벻һĻˡ
һڵ͵غձһ֣֮գɢذʥ
¡
ӿգ򵥴ֱغݺһҡ
ԭؼͬư㣬Ȼ飬˻
ͬʱɭȻЦ͵һ㶣͹ԣ㾪ûɢ
ӦѺݺɨϡ
飡
ѰӾ㵵ע£ǾһֻɳƵģವһ±ҷ˳ȥ
Ƕܼܹޱȵ徹ҳĻΣǶϵ
ֵĲҽУ˷ߣ׹뵽ããѩ
Ҳ١Ŀࡣ
ѰҲЩΣһĻɹģһ̤㳤پߣһҵʯһɵòټˣ
庣ϣһЩûչж޵Ҳһģ
䣡
һӰɽĸߴӰУʧ
ɲǼ䣬еѹĵʥϢҲ֮ʧ
ߴӰһ꣬ʹͭɫݴŨüīһ
صǣһƤŨܵĳģ¶ı۰򼡷һʯš
վǣԭʼçеҰƵģ͸һĲĿϢ
ʱеĿⶼƤϣɫžɡ桢֮ɫ
ѰȻҲ⡣
ܻΪģƤĳְ
ֻǣǱʾлӰߴ󣬻ɢҰϢƤڵҽа³ȥμСͷ֮·ͼʹһûоˡ
¡¡ԴֱֱԵúܸɴࡣ
ҲҪμСͷ֮
۾ţһһӶҷɳپߣ֣
³ͷɻҽʮţΪɶܲμӣ
ʮ꣡
һ˵ʵ֮ǰΪòļһһλǰĻ뵽ȴᣡ
ʱѰָ侲ŷ֣Ⱒ³Ϣǿƥ־ķ룬ҲڡĶơ
ղôһӾʹˡоӶЩˡ
˵꣬³˸ۣЦһ湻׳յģҵġǹɲҸս
Ӷͷֱðߣƣһʮɵ׳գζܲˬ
ڶԷԼһεķݶϣˡ
ǹӦһǿƥʥŶԡѰղǱɵһĻһжϡ
³ղžǣǴһǲأ̲סʵ
³ַ˸ۣһûǰģղų֣ȫǿϼһﲻ˳ۣ̤ˣҪԣҲ߯Ҫˣðᡣ
ʵЩܲһİۣ·Ƶģ˿Ʋסֱð
ҧ˵Ϊ˳ۣ
³Ȼص˵ͷõҾܴܲһߣôϻֱһֻĳѻһᣬ鲻ʱһˡ
ӴǺݺݳ鴤ҧ̫ˣҰ˵ÿһ仰ֱܰ˻
ãһߡѰڣֱİ壬оⰢ³˼
ôӦˣ
ջֹͲıͷԼ򵥡֫˵ϲ۵Ұ˸
ѰЦˣӼûж˵ʲô
գֲѰŰ³һ𣬳庣ȥ

һִﺣϣһĻˡ
طתƣǰľٿȻһ䣬һӲӵǹǺϴĵϡ
ĵ죬ڴ˿ӳѣʳλðǹ⡣
ȥǿ嫣ɫǹתؼ䣬һֲʵĹ֮С
ӵɫȴǱׯ֮һʯĥɣӡŷܻɬͼϸԱȷ
죬Ȼ̧ͷԶһȥ
ѰͰ³Ҳæϡ
庣һ֣һҴȻʥˣҪʧС
·ǰ·;ϣҲûз⡣
Ѱע⵽룬;ĺеԽԽ࣬飬岼亣ϵһſӣƻõǻԡ
ĹˣһƬǿ޷϶ϱ·ҲѰٲ
Ѱһ㱣·𿴼һλӰ֮ϣǶͷۡѭӲӵǹ⡣
壬һںڶԨкµǹû𡭡ԴԴܶʼ
һɲؼȣֻʣΨһӰ˵ׯࡢϡߣبһλףؼ䣬Ƕ
ĪѰؿһ̣ԴϢͷŻɬĴӿʶ
˲ѣѰԺиֳһɬ΢ͼ
ǶΪʮǶͼһǧ˰ٷСǶͼɡ
ϸƷͼһǿǳ財಻ʤŲͬĹ켣ѭܸӵ˼¡
Ƕʥ
Ȼһضʥ󴫳УػʶһǶͼ
һĻѰһΰĻ֮С
庣ѵһǶ
һڴ˵أǶߵӰƾһʥӰ
ԴԨ񷡢庣Ƕ󡭡һϵͺӦ
ԴҲ۵ƻϣŵһλʥ˿ľ
ҲΪԴ庣ϣˡǶ󡯵Ĵаء
뵽⣬ѰвƵһĨɻԼǴԨ츳ŶٻԼ֪ܣ
Ѱ
أӵĺѰ͵شֻ㱰˼оѡ
̧ۿȥͼӺͰ³һֿĿⶢԼ



1040 Ƕͼ
ӺͰ³δʲôԾ
ɺ庣ǽԷ֣Ǵϴһǹ⣬볯ѰӿӰӳĵûӲӵģƻá
ʶЩԾ
ǹã磬Ѱƽһɳ֮
׵ĺڶӿǹ⣬Իᱻûһɶ
ֱѰһһǶƺ֮һһģµǻ󽭳ӿ˷ƬնңһƬӲӣҫƥ
㾰ȫá춯ءݣ
ǣһǰеĵ;ϣԱǹڸǣȻӵ·ͼҲ޷·
֮£ҲòѰļ
ѰѹĿһɨǹӿŨʱҲôˡ
һʶеġǶͼʶһӡ

ǹԭӿķ򣬳˷أܿʧӰ١
ԶԶһһˣһ䣬ǹ񷣬׳һĻ۾ֱˡ
ҲУ
³ķӦܼ򵥣ƯгһգһҪپ֮ϣץһǳʯ档
ץһǳ棬ʹЦ
ܹ죬³˸ۣһģ
Ӷʱܻܲ˵ľǰ³İۡ
һļһȴϲֱۣ޷̣
Ҿ㣬ΪȹһξͿΪΪˣջ
ֻ߲ųвǿֱӾͶˡ
³ִʯ˫۱ǰӰߴ󣬱Ӹ߳һͷȻһɸӵζ
㡭жֵĳ嶯ˣⰢ³;һ޵Ĵɱ˲
ˣǸϽ߰ɡѰæȰ͡
ߣѰȰƴʲôҲˣҲҪһߡ
˵ɲУֻһ֣ɣ³۾ƵĶӡ
Ѱһͷۣŷ֣ӺⰢ³ֱ˵ԩƵģһ㶼ͣ
֮£ֻȳǰȥ
һ¶ʱӣæǰе庣ܣ
һСȥ˼ǰС
ֻǣѰɫȴЩ
ǰУһаؽ˺ֵظʶУõܹһ˲жϳÿһ·
աϣ޲ơ
Ȼ庣һǶ
Ѱһ񣬴вƼգȻ֮С
жϳǰеλڴĶ޹ŷλ
˵ʮǶͼ֮һķ룬ڲʮСÿһ󷨺ģǡӦǺϵһ졣
ڴת£ÿһ죬ԸŲͬܣϽơûơɱ¾Ƶȵȡ
һҴƱػᴥƣ
Ҫ֪һصʥǣһȫʱƾֶͨΣҲעԤգ
Ѱϸж϶Աȣ·ȷƬλġ·֮һ
뵽⣬ѰǲһĨЦ⡣
庣޵߶ԣһԽľء
ɶӵСǶ󡱴еԼԣƬƽأ
ңֻҪԼԸ⣬ȫԽΪá
ʶУǶͼѰ֪һԼײһ컯
ƾ󴫳У㹻Լ
һ·ǰУѰһ߶ԱȺͲգԴĦǶͼеĴаء
Խ˽⣬Խ֮̾ǿȫ
ȫתܹһǧ˰ٿǳ֮٣Իٵһأ
źǣΪʥҪʥýƣȻܹŵаأҲڵѰܹƿء
꣬òλ֮ϵʥˣֶ֮ڴ˲Ƕ󣬴ӶûƬ庣ɣ
Ѱип
Ժⲻɱ٣ǿǱ˵أһʥˣֻҲκβԼ
ȻѰķ庣һ޷Ĵʥ֮һԸϹֻѾ´ˣ
һ·ϣѰҲżͰ³̸
ܿ죬˽⵽³䲻򵥣
ǴһϹؾ߳Ѿ۲˶ʤ硣
ǰʤ֮ǰ³ƬؾڵĴɽһ׸һϻˡС
ἰǡϻˡ³ҲһԹѰ󵹿ˮ˵꿪ʼͱźħԳ̱_ĺȷɶٶȣ˭ɤŴ󣬺ƴ˭ʵ
ֱʮ꣬ڸֱаᶼȥ֮󣬰³Ϊڽˣ룬ǡϻˡһ̬Ҫ
ɽ
ÿ춼ҪᶯһǧɵĴɽܣ峿ܵĺĺܵ峿
³ܹǧɴɽʯӵʱ򣬡ϻˡ˸ֵҪ

³ܹƸ꣬ںɺ˷籩ʱأ˸ߵҪ󡭡
ֱʤ֮ǰڸһȺֲĺԾɱÿһΣɱƣŰݡ
ϻѾӦⶫʤ̤߾磬ͲٶҪˣʱҲĽѡ
³˵һ仰ʱҰд㽺ͿɼǰŵǺεȺڰˡ
Ѱ꣬Ҳһ꣬޷ƽ
Ѿȷǰİ³ߵԹѺͼһ;ʥ
³еǡϻˡȻһλ˲õĸˡ
ңͨ³ĻѰҲʶ³һɽСʵСԲˡ
ħԳᡢ_ᡢᡢᡭ
һӣһϹ֮̾أ
һ룬³еġǹһܹ׻ϹʥܹƲɳһؾ硱ǺεȲˡ
һк󣬶ʱһа̬
Ϊħ㹻̬룬Ⱒ³һҲѷɫ

ˡ
庣д˰ʱ䣬ִһϺ󣬰һĲѰ˲䱻ŲƵһƬտޱȵС
εϴϲľҷӿͶ
죬εĲľܣ̺Ļ䣬Դһԣྻ覡
һִѰ봫˵еأڱǼ価Ǵ͵Ҳ֮һĿ
ɣǱʤ֮һġء
һ۾ܿԶطһɽͨںīʮɽ壬ʢ꣬ſƬ񷡣
Ǳǲɽ˶ӵв֮ʣبӴ㲻𡣡
ţҲǹŻԭʼĴԴ֮һܾŵڻе󡭡
¶һĨȣ洫˵̫ˣ񣬶ܿȫء
ǶԣЩҪҪǣ˴Сͷ֮ͽǲɽ֮Ļ


1041 
ɽһ֣Ϻɽȴ֮෴
ɽΡ㣬ѣͨīںڣаε֮ͨƣ֮ˣͨ£ŲʥϢ
λãʮɽʢۻ롣
˭ˣֻҪɽԻһ֡ת㲻𡱵ĺ
̫ʥͲӰƬءطô˵뵣ء
ǲɽ𣿡
ѰҲ𺳣ǿ˲ܲ׽ɽ࣬ب棬ӯŲ
УÿһСͷ֮ǰʮǿ߽ܹòɽһɴˡ
Խߣ˾Խࡣ
ˣ˿翣Ķ
һĻԵ޵ʵͻͽ
ǴˣȴӰһ޵ߵĵ;Ӱ쵽
߾ˣȻۺ츳پޣҲעԵڴ˾
ͨ׵˵Խǿ;ʱ˵׼ŻԵ
ֶҲܻΪġ
ǲٶٿ죬;زۣһҲעһա
һˮ֮˶ַ֪֮ĺ׼ĵ
Աߣɤӣܵ˴Сͷ֮ͬǺһ·׶Ρ
һ׶ǡɽڶ׶ǡɽ׶ǡˡҲ֮
ɽǵһأ˴Сͷ֮Ļһǿ߽Իڵһʱ䳯ɽ֮ϳȥľһ֣˭ܰεͷڡɽռơ
³ںкѣʮʱܰһǧɽаˡ
׳գ
Ӻܲоҵ˴³Ļᡣ
ЦǿǲɽبŲܴ࣬ٳһʯͷ䡣
Ȱ³ͼڵɽУעսѡ·ߺҪ
Ҳˣɽ֮ϣʮɽ壬Ҳζţֻʮܹʤ
ԣһһЩ̬ѡͬһ·ߣƱػᱬԤĳͻǺˡ
Сͷ֮УһȺ󶼲ڵɽʱѡͬһ·ߣΪܾˣòʧ
ѰͷЦȾѡͬһɽȥʵǣ룬һ־ͻᱻ̭ˡ
ʱȻλСͷսҲ޲ˡ
ʶڵɽ֮ǰڵɽ·߾ͱһú˼ܡõĽ
延ȻҲһ㡣
ԭܼ򵥣˴Сͷ֮ȫ̫ͬȺľֻʮɽ壬Ͳֵġ
Ҳעɽ֮·ϣпѣ
ɽϿʲôΣպƣѰʵ
ҡͷΣյûУֻһƣõɽʱ޷ɶݣҪֿһѹֻƾʵʵǡ
ˣ䳬ʮ꣬Ϊ־ΣԻᱻ⣬޷С
ҪǣڵϲɽʱʥεԼһЩֲĽֶΡǴޱȵرͻᱻѹƣ޷ã
ˣѰ˵ɽ
Ȼֻǵһ׶Σ̫߸ĳЩŽⲻĳޣһ㶼Եɽ塣
Ŀǵڶ׶Ρɽ
˵⣬ɫϾ٣ʮɽ壬ֻᱻʮλռݣռһɽ壬ɻܵǿߵᣬվͿܷסˣ
ʱҲʼƴսʱ򡣡
мǣɽʱֻһʧܵĻᣬһʧܣͻᱻ̭֡
ңӵɽʼٵɽֻһʱ䣬һһ˭ֻҪɽλãѵСͷ֮ϣģ֮ˡ
˵⣬ӺȻ֣ԼЩࡣ
Ѱǰ³ɶı̬һ
ƾǵʵһϵİܹɽɹ
ءˡʲôãѰʵ
ЦʱԼˡ
ûٵ飬˳ԶĲɽȥ

ɽ£ѻ޵ߵӰ
ŮԺᣬÿһܲɢԶͬϢͷɣɸ졣
ЩԹŻͳһеĶĶڡ洫ӡ
ĹϵͳĵӡҲһ㣬ǹ°ӵŲӰ
ˣһЩӡŮһĽɫ̷ŸԵӣеЩϵͳ
һȺǿڳܣɫ˷ܣϢҶ¼ųеһĻĻ
ЩǿߵμСͷ֮ģֺͲɼϢġ
˴Сͷ֮Ĵһҫһһ겻ſܣһЩһľ
˵ѵһ콾ⲻɽ֮ǰȴһץһѣȺ貣콾Ƽ
ͬΪһ٣˴Сͷ֮ҲúȫͬĿ⣬Ҳڹע
£Ľ콾ۣЩ˶ܹСͷϣ
ϵͳͬҲڽע
˵ȿǰʢᣬϲֵķǿܻ
ѰǵִʱͿֵһĻ
ѵģβ뾺һӵһ
һ۶ѣϳ˲ϤӰǺ޼ľ
ȷܶࡣѰҲһ
Ŀ⿴ȥЩŮУϢڳȻкȺ߳Ƶʡ
ˣŮͬҲҫۣͬһеĶиķâϡ
ѰҲòпһҫ۵Ŀܣһ붼˴˵أ
ʵϸһ룬Ҳ
ŻĴ磬ÿһԿƹӵ֮ĳǳء޵ߡԼɫɫ
¾ʮǿвֻѡһĴУҲѡһȺƵľˣ
οիͨ콣ڡ鱦ʥЩϵͳУɴȱĸ
Щν콾ҿûаǴ帽_ǿпд򡣡
³ɴ۾ɨһȦЩʧ̲סֹһ䡣
شһס˰³ͣҧгݵʲôطܽȺŭΪʸ֮𣿡
ûϢ
³һƿӵ֣˸ֻۣҪȭͷ㹻󣬻¸ѣ
ɫ粻ͷˣֱǸͣﶼԵһƬˣ
³䲻󣬿ɳпɶǶĿ޵ߣ˲ѣһĿ⳯߿
Ȼ鷳ˣ
ע⵽һĻв̾Ҳ£ǲ˶Ҫ鷳
µã³һڣȺɹһƬĿע⡣



1042 ħ
ڳҶһ콾ȴΪпд򡱣ǲ
³òһɽҰ߳ҰʱһЩ˲ݸҡͷᡣ
һһͺֱܴɵļһ
ƽûԼݡ
Ҳ˲ˬЦӣʲôˣżªƤԴҲֱɺֱ֪ǶۣҲҵȣֱǿЦ
һ˿۵꣬ҲһϵͳĴˣߴӵһȺӣԵü
³һŤͷӣң
æɱвɱһ֣ͻᱻ˵شȥʱɾͲμӲСͷ֮ˡ
˵꣬ǽ˿Цϵԭһɵӣʲô
³һЦ¶ѩ׵ݣϴŨŨĲмݺݳķһĭӣɽʱүүǰѵ򱬲ɣ
һ湻׵ģ
˽üǲɽڳ˽ҫĻ뵽˻˴ֱɵ̵
һЩŮ³⺷ĻҲ۾˸ҵǵ棬˵ǲĻ
㡭
Ӳᣬղʱ㱻һĭճϣһ붼˶ġ
³˸ۣмүү˵õҾͲүү
һһҲ̫ռˣ۴ԷԶԷүүԾӣͿ湻ġ
ۼ걻öҪץѰæһжѰ³קԶһƬ
³ЩΪɶңᶼҶ֣Ҳ֪һж̬춼ܺɽӣ²ڣңҲֻаܵķݶ
˵ֲȻԼΪ
ʱҲףΪʲôÿԼܱ³ˣԭһȻǸڣ
ɽµ콾ڶ࣬ԲͬĹϵͳʶȺؾۼţռһƬطҲˮˮ
ѰߵУ壬ֻʮˡ
ԭѰΪ徲һᣬ˭룬һŮ͵طһУ
ţ㣬ħ㾹ҲˣܲѯһЩ⣬ģ㲻ԸشģҾԲǿ
촽ƻòˣʱȴһܹȵģ
ʲôǸħ񣿡
Ȼ
ɣҰ˾ħ̸Ҳֱ̫ˣ
׳գħҰԱߵˡ
궯һĿˢˢش˷۹ѰϣĿдź桢ȡ֮ɫ
֮ǰ³ֿۣǱûܵһʱϳѰݣֱŷӦ
ħ
羡ڶʤмֱáֿȡݣ˲֪ٵĲܾע
ɴʱһȴѰò忡оѰʹ׺ƥħġħϵһ
̫ˣ
ħ񣿡
³ҲȣĿѰֻǡôС
ѰͷֱðߣǷŮ˵徲һᣬ뿪
ĵŮ߲٣෴Ƥ൱֮ЦѰֻ⣬Ҿߡ
ѰüЩͷۣʵ޷⣬ôڴ̽Ϣ
ͲµңѰޱ
£ⲻǲսģţҲƽ޹ʾͶԸһŮӰɣ
Ůһģ
Ѱ̾˿׼˵ʲôͼ³ǰ㻹ħǶ㲻ҵġ
˵ţ̽ʯĹͭɫ۰һסŮӯӯһյСǺӵմյŮǰ͵һ¶һޱȵЦݣϿ㣬ʲôҰɣ⡣
Ůһ󷢳һУһ޳ವһ¾ˡ
³Ц°ͣƨɿǰǿشϱ϶
ѰӶһۣԺ븡ֳһͷͽжжĥɣ
һǿ߱ϾһҫʼľȺͲ󣬾ջĿ⣬ٹעѰ
ֻǣȴ޷ʹӡ
ϾħһܹơڶʤҲͬȵľ
ǿѱʵ֤˭ӣ
ҲɵħǿǿɶԼڶԷˣ
ڲ뵽˴Сͷ֤֮ǶԼʵǺεš
ԭħ񡣡
أһ˿ڣϥһʯϣһϮۣ෢
ԭ۾ϢݼʯһҲĿ
ɵ۾Ѱһɲһֹâɵպնȫɫһ䡣
Ц죡
ǳһЩԸ֮ľ˿̶¶һĨ֮ɫУЦһµľߡ
ѰԶԶЦӹһۣٴྪȡ
ޱܻӭ϶ԷĿ⣬ʼ磬ǱģҲ϶С
㲻ԸħͬԸϵ񣬱ϾЩұԣֻǸưˡҵǺڴܹһ
ЦȻһЦһͷ෢Ʈһˡ
һְƵƣͶ֮䣬βסľâȷܳȺͶء
˵գ㲻Ѱ۾˵ϢţһֽݷҹС
вǿ߽鲻ԽһղЦ¶̫ʢҲܵѹ
ͬʱǿѰĿһ˿֮ɫ
ЦԵִ˵أԹ̾һأκȤΨѰȴ
֤ЦУħһɿһսĶ֣
ǳƨ
³бЦһֹۣһ䣬УԵúۡ
˶һ㵣Ұ˿湻ģ
ֻǣʧǣЦţۣҲᰢ³ǴζĻ
³ƺҲЩʧƲƲ죬ûٶ˵
ҪȶòſʼѰĿ˸Ĳɽ
໹õ죬󣬴ɽϵĴƲŻʧҵǰɽӴ
ѰŶһȥɻ󣬲˵ԾΪγвټ
ʥصˡ
֪˭˵һ䡣
ԣ˿ԶͼһһŮӵ£
㣬޳ԡ⣬Ѫˣ֮ʱԼХ֮
ִݻʣò콾̾硣

ѰҲע⵽ˣ˲ϳ˶ԷݣǲһĨ͵Ļȡ


1043 Ľ
Ѱʥ֮ĶԹ׵۹¹ѧԺʱѽ¡
ϵĳޣʥڵĹŲݾ
ͳڳϣ
ڱǼʯϣΪһչһ׷ɱѰжԽԽ
ʶĻıѰҲǲƵӿһĨɱ
ħ㾹Ҳڴˣ
ڴͬʱҲѰ͵رĽɫâңңѰ
Բͬϵͳ콾ˣ¶ɫ
Ƕ˽Ѱʥ֮ĶԹȻ׳ַܹӦ֮С
Ϊʲô
ѰȻڣһԺԨ˵ӦøеңڹŲʱûԶҶ֣򣬽ֻѾˡ
ԣô˵նȻѹ
ٷϻȻˣעһҵĻ
ɫԴĵԡ貵ĽɫС
ѰڹŲɱ˲֪ʥشˣһλϹﱻɱ
ѩǧλĵӶ׷ϵΪޣ̣
˽Եʶ˴Сͷ֮ϣעҪƽ
ȴ³ЦΨ²ңһ˭ôĿħɱˣҿɿ㣡
üѵƣڲпɸֲһȻô˵϶Ҫ뿪ʱ֡
һɣʱ򣬿ɲֹǳһ˳ܻʥصϼһҲ
Ѱͷɫ
ԽŻ˲֪׷ɱϰ֮Գң˴θд̣вϡ
ߣջĿ⣬Ѱǡ
ڻɱѰСͷ֮
ʱУ½һһ콾
ԶʤϵͳʥҵĴˣҲ㡢׿
УҲ֮˲궯
һЩƾķʱȫע
񱱶ޱɽʥҹĺҹ巣Ϊħ긦һ˷ע
һϮۣڷ˿⻬ӨͦӰһƿԴƲ񷣡
һԺؼ䣬ӳֳ򽣱ŷĿֲ󣬵ɨеǿߣһ걻иĸо
ħҹ巵ĳ֣ͬЦע⣬Ŀڰжײһǡ絶棬ơ
㲻
Ц쿪ڣԴֱӣԵ
ѹһͷӡ˫ķг
ҹ巻ƽȴһȻ֮⣬罣ˡ
ЦǵһЦԣӡ
ħҹʼ磬ΪȻ
ȻһĿ⿴һѰǷһĨζȣħ񣬵۵ƻ֮⣬ҹȻû㣬μСͷ֮Һڴ
Ѱһ۵ƻʱң
ħҹ΢ЦⲻҪҪǣҺΪлᣬһһսӮҶƣһ˳⣬ڶ˳⣬˳⡣
ѰüȻǺȾƣΪλҪһս
ҹ巴ЦʵȾƣܲսʹ죿
˵գϯض˫պϣԹǾٲɫĿעӡ
ˣоϯضܲŹۣһһľݡ
ҹȻЩΨԼ⣬˳ĶĶС
Ľˡ

һӣȫѰĿֲһˡ
֮ǰѰյִ˵أһֱԵúѰɽ¶ˮҲĿ
ɵ˽ʱóҲ궯
ʱ򣬲콾ѰĴڣȴΪԼѰʶܿƽ
ֻǣŵЦ쿪ڣѰ̸콾е˲Ѱ֮Ѱ֡
ʱħҹҲζѰӺͣЩԲͬͳ콾޷ˡ
Ƿζţڡ˫λҫ۵ĸУħѾܹƽƽĴڣ
̫ˣ
Դˣ˰³ֹһƨļһ
˽ͷߣҰ˼ֱǷᵽ˼£ûǷģ
ʱƣɽ£ǰ콾ĿԽԽ࣬óҲǱԽԽѹ֡
̸ཻԾСࡣ
˶Ԥϵ˴ΡСͷ֮ȷ̫һˣֹǲĿڶ࣬콾ƣǿ֣
Ц졢ҹѹڸһľ
ò콾ͷģѹ
Ҫ֪Сͷ֮ϣɼٻ˶ľͬʱ
ͨ콣ڵˡ
Ѱִĵڶ峿һ궯Ŀ⿴ͬһط
ԶգһѤ磬Х貳ʢˡ
ЩٿȻһ٣ֳһȺŮӰ
Ϊ׵ģһӰͷڡµӣӢ͸Եһۣ类â˲֮С
Ľƣ
ͨ콣ڡʮ֮ףִͨ콣ںĵе
˵ͨ콣һھȺףôĽƣͨ콣һɾ޵һޣۼ츳͸ǣ֮ײѷɫ١
Ľƺᣬʮ꣬һɽȻХơ
ۺ϶ԱȵĻ֮ڵЦ졢ħҹȳ֮
кѽͨ콣ڵĵڶף
궯ĿⶼĽһĽţ˲òӵķɺ͵̡
϶ԣߵһͨ콣Ů԰ͷȫĽһڸסˡ
ѰҲע⵽˴ˣңӴʱѾĽƵ
ȷǸɫ
Ѱеһ䣬ջĿ⣬Ľǿ󣬿վס
ֻǣѰϣҲڳ⣬ĽƸһִɨȫħˣ
罣罣Ұ˶Ĥʹڡ
ʶأĿⶼѰڵλãɫٴһ˿ɫ
ѰǰЩӶ񾩡ʮ¥飬Ѻ䶯£ֵöʤ֪
ͨ콣ڶԣעܻѰκκøˡ
ֻǣû뵽ĽƸһִڵһʱ佫ìͷָѰ
ħ񣿡
ĽϢԵѰôĵӣʦֵġҹעˡ
𶯣ǰгнĽƣħɱģ
ңĽƱֵҪΪǿƺֱӣ
Ȼǣħ񾹻׵ĵ彣ǿһնϰٰ벽ͷ­ľ
ͱˣԵĽĽƣѰվûס˸ۣ򵥣ż˳·



1044 
Ѱ˻һóɫ͵һѰͳ˻һĺѿ
Ľб罣âѰ˻һӣԲС
Ҫ۵ģʱһѪ¾ƣҽ棡
Ľһһ٣ɱ䣬˶һְԾǬƣɫ΢䡣
ѰƻȻʵ˵ǵڶף㣬ܹ׵ļ¼
Ľ΢Уü䲻ײظһĨӰ
˵ɫùŹ֡
ʵز£Ľƹʮ¥еļ¼ֻѺ䶯񾩣Ϊ֪
ɺȻûС
Ƶ¼ģѰ
ֻʦʮǰļ¼ʲôɽģĽ
̸ϣֻ룬ʮǰļ¼ƲˣʲôʸԲѣ
˵ѰѴһĨεƣһףݺڽĽƶϣ಻ײس鴤һ£ɫ𲻶
ҪⱣ
ѰòΪƵʦʮǰļ¼Ϳ޷˰ɣ
󣬲֪
Ľߣһͨ콣콾Ѱ
ѰŤͷ԰³˵æ
ʲôæ³һ㶡
ǡѰ㲻϶һŷɥʱǡܷس
³ǳ鴤еħүģҵʲôˣø𣿸οǿЩһɲʸģҲǵĵԣǶҵ졣
Ѱ̲סˣ³ȻʺϴڵѡһھʹﵽȺЧ칦˵á
ͨ콣ǱߣĽ˵ɫҰ˵ļһﾹ˵Ƕʸģ
ֱ̫
³æͣǱᣬҲǣǲʸ𣿡
ͣ
в˶̲סЦ
ĽƵˣԭΪѰǵ뵽һ첻߰Ұ˸Ƕңǻֱ̫ˡ
һǾˣǺͱǣûǵ飬Ͼ˭ʸģܸ˰ɣ
³ĵؽн͡
ԽеЦͿƲסѰӶпʲôߣ
³ˣ
Ҳ˷£һģҰ˾Ǹ˲⣬˶໰ƵӰġ
ˣ
ĽҲŭˣɫףȫӿſɲɱնȻѹ
Ǹҵţӿ˵ķâƥȻǶŭ
³Ҫ˵ʲôͱѰסʱ˵档
ôأ³̾
ΪǷӴ
ȻܵļѰֻܾеͣæĲɿ
־ת˲͹ΣĽһ˵ĵִҲõóи콾ʶħ˴ڴˣֻҪһˣ
ֻǣѰͣһᣬʱзһĻĻȴҲüѡ
Ϊв١ˡˡ
һϮۣͷڣӰƾӨ⣬ƻã˳У궯
߻ųһЩ콾һִȫע
յĿȴֻѰһˣɫĮᣬһɱڵĻ
Ѱϴεĳεʮ𣡡
һﾪȫ
ѰŶһ
ڴҲˣΪ׵һƽӣѰĴڣֻһ仰ҵܵ延Ƿɱ
Ѱͷ
ƽ˵á¶ɱ⣬ǿëȻ
ûãһ֣ɢŴ̹ǵ亮
ѰһۣǷһĨɭȻȣڵҽй棬Ҵ˴ɱ㣬ȻЩԸбϾҺ칷һᣬңеǿ߲ҲֻΪѴӦˡ
棬նĺ칷ǿߣһ޵̸ɫɱħͷ
֣ͳǿ߽¶ɵ顣
ɵ潫ìͷָѰʱɫ΢칷嶢ϣ³ɾԺò
ڴˣѰֻЦЦãǡȱ󲹵ĺڹԡ
ɭȻһЦѰȻһն׵ƣͲѰ
ʱ࿴ѰĿ⣬Ѵϸ֮ɫֻҲ
ȻǰЩӵĶʤһУĿģѰһɡ
ͬģȴķ粨鷳
£һСͷ֮Ⱥ˳ĽơƽաһڸĵӣرʾҪڴ˴Ѱ꣡
˭һĻע뷨
ԭôˡ³ܾ
Ϊħĳƺǰ׽еģû
ʵ䵣ǣ̬չһͬϣۼѰԣ뵭ѡ
ΨѰΪȻЦЦһЩ϶ֶѣǻֻ֤һ£ǻûгԣǰĲʹѵ
⣬ȴһĨ⡣
ԣɿܲŭˣڲĽصԲ
ѰԾ뿪˵غһЩһͳͳһˣ
ҪҪæȻħҹ巴ӴȻĿ⣬ֱѰ
һ䣬աĽЩǿߵɫҲ֮˱仯
ħҹ已ִ£ɾЩ鷳ˡ
ϣѰڵãȽǣȾƣҲһ
ҹҲһû뵽Ѱ˸ɴ;ܾԼǷһĨЦ⣬ֱ̲סЦǬ
ãһǰɵȻҹ巵
׼˺þƵžǡѰ΢Ц
ߡ
ĽơҲЦǿɲţѰпܻ
鱦ʥصˡ
ʱ˳ʱĿⶼŹ֡
ΪǰЩ죬ѰŸոմīݣֹλ̤㳤ٵشֵûͷһ鱦ʥش˸ǽͷ֮ʾ
ɵڴ鱦ʥصϵͳ޲ðѰƤҡ
鱦ʥصĴҲμСͷ񣬿֪עѰʲôɫˡ
ѰЩһ̣ͬĿ⿴˹ȥкطһ˿ĪĽš
ܿ죬һϤ޳ٻӰӳҰС
һϮȹݣüĿ续һͷں˿һ֧ľԺ¶һϲӡ
˴ԼͶ֮䣬һˬ֮ףͬ
Ծѣ
һ۶ѣѰԺȴǲƵظֳԾѽӴһĻĻһƬҲ֮Ӷ
˷ɣݸʤ
ֻǣһ꣬ط꣬ԷǷǵԼϤǸ


1045 ¹ʤѩն
ԾǺһ鱦ʥشһġ
ѰĿԾʱиͳ콾Ŀ⣬Ծߵ
¹ʤѩüĿӰ°ɣʱƮ裬лһĸɡ
տȻƽͣǹ߳һĨ޵Ц⣬崺磬ʵȴһָ߲ʵľС
Եü䲻Ц졢ҹЩﶼģʱжһĨɫ
ȾУһɡ
ӰУʵ̲һ
һ˭ƣһһеľţͷ·һλѲ߮Լأвַ֮
ն
ԼͬԺ븡ֳһ֡
¹ʤѩɳȺӣһ档
鱦ʥصʥӣʥ壬ĸ崫źϹһйء
һ۵ͼա˲ԡĳƺš
λжʤʮ۾ͷλľ
һ̡ǡսԿưμľ۾ͷ˭Һӣ
³ȻһĨײĳս⣬ҵһǿ˷ܵĶ֡
ͷƤ飬аû뵽նһﾹˡ
ΨѰնǹ⣬˿̵Ŀ˼Ծϡ
ͬʱԾҲע⵽Ѱ΢΢һһﲨתӨĴҲʶطһĨЦ⡣
īü𣬴΢ţһﵨҲ̫󣬴ǵôܵ
峺Ϫˮö
ѰЦˣϤĻУһǰǣ֮⣬ԭԽŵľĪ滺
㶼֪īˣѰʡ
Բ˵㵨̫󣬵ǸʤꡣԾ٩һ䡣
ѰҲݸ׵۹ʱ֮ͽƺΪִ󵨡
ˣɵСģʦҲ˵飬ʹҹһЩ顣
ԾѺȻѵ˵ʱû¶ʲô֪϶Ѿϡ
˵üѲƵشһĨɫ涣̣ҪСġ
ѰʱҲע⵽նòϣһǿĴڣҲܵһ˵ѹ
⻹ִⲻɽº󣬵һθܵʵʵѹʱʶնȷһľɱȡ
˵ѰĿǰ̤۵;ǿУΪǿһ
Ѱܿ˼û£ʲôκû뿪֮󣬱һϹ׷ɱɣջǱһˣǰƿŲҡ
Ծһڣϲҵû֣겻ҲɪˣǲǱϸޱȵļһˣ
ϸ򡭡
ѰͷߣɪͲҪԶԶϸһɪ񹲷ߣ
ȻϸڻֱбչأĻѰŸѰɼܲɡ
̸ʱնԾ˲ɽ£ٹϵͳĴ˽ǰնʺãõΪ֡
նﵹҲܿǫͣһһ֮
ˬЦ˴Сͷ֮Ⱥͣ콾֣ʢǰ룬ҵμСͷ֮ʱͲ˶
˴฽ЦǶնλʵһϿɡ
ϧĳѹʮѲμӹȾԵٴβĻǺĴĸλͬдһ
ն˻һɡ
˶ŷӦնѾλжʤʮ۾ͷ֮һȻٲ뵽˴εСͷ֮С
һ룬ǲԼͬһ
ʦ֣ǼһѰ
͵أһͻأ𣬴Ũҵĺ⣬Ϊ֮һ䡣
˵һ꣬Ƿ磬˿ɫԹضԶѰ޲ý̻
ǰǱѰΣֱ˳ǽʾڣνǶ棬ɨء
Ȼˣ
ɫ죬ԤϵᷢһĻ
նŶһĿ⿴Ѱ
ʤѩüĿƽͣĿ⿴Ѱһ˲ȴһεĿɲƴӰӿ֡
գ͵طظİͷϿգɫ䡣
ɲǼ䣬˻㱼оնƱһˣû֮ǰƽͺǫѷչ¶һԺơǬİǵƣѹȵòǿߺѣ
Ѱ׵壬ѹľϣ弡ʶؽԨĺ΢΢
ɫһƽӰ졣
һҲǣЩУ֪ͶϹŹҲ֪ٹٴοֲޱߵѹնǿǿĿǿϹˡ
ʶȻѰ嵽
ţ綳ᣬѹġ
ն侲ĿѰεƣȴ˲ðȻ
Ծҧӣдһ˿ײĵǣɺնսǺε֮˵á
ѰһֲɫϣǺʵ롣
;ʦǾʶƬ̺նڿڣֻȴʳһ˴㵵⡣
Ѱͷ̹ȻӭնĿ⡣
ϵΣնȤ
ܺáѰڵ
жãն׷ʡ
ĸáѰ룬ش
һһһЩ˽նԾѹϵˣ¶һĨŹ֡
ǿɲǣһ꣬һλʥ֮صĴǰ鱦ʥףӭȢԾѣȴչеնƹض
һڸ߲ķԣӲλʥ֮صĴ˴ðɽɽţ
ʱնԣԺ˭ҴԾѵ⣬ҪһأˣҲմ󣡡
ڣѰȴն棬ֱԺԾѵĹϵͬѰĲֱڳնǹײ
ħ񣬿ɫ찡ҰնŮͷϣӻòͷˣ
ǿ߰ࡣ
ԾѿһĻһײһĨ֮ɫжһ˿ֵζѰֱӺʹ󵨣ǵôܻĺ
ʦã˵Ŀģ
նɫɺƽͣһտȻˮ㲨
ɢȴؿɲˣߵմݡ
ԼԼܹһƻɬɲݵո֡
ֹֻɢһϢͷƤ飬εѡ
ӹɣնϵϢǿΣգ˵ķӦ
˿̣Ц졢ҹ巵ȳһȺҲ޷򶨡
һĻܿնǺ֮ǿ
նȴƶЩɢвȻɾѰ
ڵȴԾһ𸴡


1046 ѵ ɽ֮·
ţΨնܵʱһư֮ڻص
ѰĿ⿴Ծѡ
ʱ򣬳дĿҲԾѣڵȴһ𸴡
𸴣ܻնĳжϣӶѰ̬ȣ
ǣ
ԾϸҶüһ֣һ˿Ѱֿ˿¹ʤѩն
ܹϣЩɡЩ⡢ЩΡ
գһƺĳ־
գҲڴʱ˼¡
ɳϣԾѿڣնȻ֣żشң㳹Ҳ١
˴㵣˲Щʧ
ѰҲüЩն
֮ǰҲЩǸܵѹȣǲԾѾһ𸴡
նֹһзʱѰЩãЩɡ
ʱ֪ҲһĽ
Ŀ⿴ԾѣߵһҲһ˿ɣҲһĨ˵ɫ
Ѱɱ롣ϣԾö
ҶʲôѰգգ۾
װɣԾһУݺѰһۣд⡣
ѰӣȻֲ֣شжϱ˴˹ϵĸоҲ
ʦãǹСͷ֮ҪĻЩҪǡ
նûѰջĿ⣬Ը
ˣ
ʧԭΪնΪԾѣΪΪűѩܣػѰ̬Ⱥ
˭룬ʼգֻһЩʹ⣬καʾ
ĽơƽЩҲü²͸ն˼
˵ʵǰͲնҲܹһվһԸѰӪУ
ţ
ȻѰע⵽֪ʱ𣬼ҲѾС
һϮɫȹѣӰ㣬ʿʥ࣬¶ϲԵĽһֽðӻ߳ӡ
ȻһˣƫƧ䣬ټ֮ǰעնܹעĿ⣬ȴֻһС֡
⽾Сʲôʱ˵͵ˣ
Ѱ졣
˲֪ǺλիʥŮǺε֮ǿ
ͬʱҲע⵽ѰĿ⣬һƻðжȻһĨ⣬ݺݵһۡ
Ī
Ѱаֹǵײһƨ𣿺ڵڶڻ
ڰĥԼôˣÿμɶ޳ܵļһǿƲסһ٣ֱ̫ˣ

зƹܣʱƣ˵˼ڼٵСͷ֮ϡ
ཻһЩ׺ĦЩĴϵͳе콾ɸش˴μڲɽϵľ
ʱʸ뵽˴ξ콾ĶѾˡ
Ц졢ҹ巡ա
һǰǹ°ÿһǳӲӷ⡣
۹ŻĴһУڳЩŮԴе;ϵˮ׼
ߣɽ˲ųһΣĹǷѳעǷʱ
Ц
Ϊ콾һǽԸ޵еЦ졢ҹﲻȻڡ
ѵȴ꣬һΣǲɽʮɽУעҵһ
Ѫ־
Ҫ٣Ψұܽ·ƣЩϼһǣעҪлĻģ
⣬ǵĴ
Ҳ˰սȭͷ
һСͷ֮ѣ콾ۣȺ貣˾ȷ㽺ڴ
ĿóһҫǿߣѰҲȻһȰ֮Ѿܾòڴսˣ
ףѰվһˣĴԿյĺУҲȾʥˡ
УҲж־
˶ͬеĶڳõѪս⣬Ҳӡϻе㣬ˡ
ͬ԰벽սǱʶսУûѪŵڴС
Ϊ֪ԼӮ
Σһ
ֹѰĵսͶ־ѣ콾ҲĪˡ
Сͷ֮Ǵˣǳʱ
οǰʮעԼִŻĴ磬ΪĿ
·ƣŽ磡
Ȼ˴β뾺ǿﲻҪϣ֮ѡ
ֻҪܹ쵽һעԼһУǴ٣ҲչֳԼķâ
һһ֮콾㲻ʲô
һһ֮콾Ժʸȥʶ£ִǬХ䣡
˭ܳΪٺʱķ˭Ҳ˵룬ȽŲСͷУ
ĿôĻնﲻԼμСͷ֮һĻĻҲпѡ
һľס㡢桢ҶĦڭЩͬࡣ
ͬҲ緢䲻֮ǿ󣬿ɶԳСͷȴ־ڱصá
ã̫
նﰵᣬЩҲһֱѹ磬ͬҲڵȴ١
ң컯ĵ;ϣǰЩ˶ԣһľռ˼ƣ
Ϊǻۺͳ˸ʱУҲȡԶĴˣ
նͬԼһСͷϵĽɫв̲סջͻ磬ҪôΪ˰벽ҪôΪߡ
ȻսѴﵽԸ󾳵ĲΣͬģЩȴʧȥڴгΪߵʸ
Ҳãվˣնﰵૡ
䣡
һ콾˼죬˼ʱʱ䲻֪š
أΡĲɽ͵طһ³˹
һλðĽʮɽչ£һֱɽš
ÿһԲӲ⣬ɢʥׯĴϢͻͣġ
ƵϢ̺ŹبŲ
Сͷ֮ʼˣ
ߣ
Դ콾ǿǣڵһʱӦ˲ͬĽ
ڴ֮ǰǽȨףѡԼɽ壬ʶһʼɽ˳ɲ
ಡ
콾ԦѤĶݹ⣬Ƶģɽȥ
ɽɽֻһʱ䣡
˶ɽ֮Ρ͸Զץʱ䣬˵ɽˣȥѣ
ңһʱȥɽͲؼɵǿӺº֣Բһеصɽ
һɽǾͲһˣһһЩоɳĶ֣ƱػᱬһЩغʹ
²̭֣Ҳܻ˷Ѵʱ;롣
ʱ򣬿ɲٷƵ飬һЩ﷢ͻûܵǶ类̭֣


1047 ָ
ȻԼʵžŵľԲ˻𼱻ǡ
෴Ǵ󶼲ڵɽǻȵȴЩʱ䣬жϳԼĶѡĵ;پȥɽ塣
һͿԾܵرܿһЩﵽĿġ
ڸж˭ǲǵġÿ콾Լĺͱ׼һŶۡ
ͺñһЩ콾ǿУЩ϶ǲǵġ
ھУԱ˴˵սΪвͬжϡ
Ѱһ
жϣѰ˻֣תһȥ
ģһ;һ𣿡
³˵ţҲߴɽӰֱɽ·ȥԵúܼ򵥴ֱ
Ѱɵţ˴θϵͳǰμӾǿ࣬ÿһͳֻнϣĳһǿĴϡ
ѰԾѵĴѡ
ˣҲӵв뵽ʸ񣬵ֻˡ
Ѱʡ
ԣɱСЩļһĿģһΪ˷Լŵǿ߱Χӡ
ΪȥΧŵǿߣ
Ծѵ˵Сͷ֮Ǳƴսǰ򵥡
ϵͳΪܵر֤ŴܹСͷǰʮλɳڶĺĵһ룬Ϊĳһǿ߻
һڵɽɽľУͲݳֱΧ鷢
ͬϵͳ֮Ҳھ͵жԹϵڣɱֱ˴ԣ˴ºֵ顣
ƵǾ
֮һСͷ֮ǸսľҲһڶʵ֮ν档
Ѱ¼ҹһڶͳ˽ԾжϣɽʱעᱻͼĿⶢϣ
ʶŻһʱѣѰ⣬﷭
ģҰͲǸô
ѰǷһĨȣĿӻûչжĳĽơƽաһһɨ
Ŀѡһͨɽ۵ĽƮ裬ȥ
һҪˣ֮ǰһδԣҲܲʹ죬ŭ𡣡
ԾϷһĨΡ
겻ɳֻû˱˽Ѱıԣһɴһ

жˣ
ĿѰȥӰһĨŨɱ
Աߵλʥش˿ʼжѰѡеɽ·ȥ

סϧһдӴӣ
ƽĮԸߵĲڴˡ
ɽϣ·ͻֳҲġΪǲɽ
¾屻򱬣걻ɱҲֻǡᱻɽĹ򡰾Ȼء
֮ϲɽ޵ߣ볹ܣ
Ȼ֮ǻᱻֵ̭ġ

һɵ½ҲҵСͷ񣬼ֱǳ룡
Ǹôɣ
һĨ̹ǵĺ⣬۵ƻʱѰԼĳ衣
Աߣһڳ

ҲҪǰһҲҪǰҶԸҪģȥֹС飡һɽɹ
ԣɺͫоɭȻ֮ɫ
磬ڶʤ磬Ѱеĺ칷ǿߣ
´˴ξǹвҲӲܣ

𣬴˴Ըӵڶ࣬ͨ콣ҲˣҲȥɣʱħһʹѵˣ
Ľϣɱ

ͳĴ½ѡɽ·Ѱһģһóǿɫù졣
֮ǰʱǾѲ³Ѱ˴εɽƱػ벻Ĵ
ȴû뵽ŸտʼѣЩϵͳչ¶˷
ֻһʱ䣬ԺʹѹħлСͷ֮𣿡
һЩ̬ȵĵͳǿ߼ˣҲⰵ̾ܲѰС
δ̫ˣǹϵͳķ緶
ԾҲĿһĻĻīüӿһĨŭ֮ɫ
һһģĪǰôԹǰЩҲóܵĶ
Աߣն˫ָӰ°ʤѩɫȻƽ
ԾѸ׼˵ʲôͿ鱦ʥصһڴˣҲڴ˿̿ʼж
ѡɽ·ͬѰһ
ʦ֣⣿Ծһκˡ
նָܶԶһɽ·ʦã˴εɽֻһʱ䣬鲻ˣѾѡһʵĵ·㿴
Ծ𲻶նͫһԻȼա
Һʧ
գֻƽ˵һ䣬һˮûҲû˸鲨
˵գԾתȥٿնһۡ
Լ޳ٻӰһ˿ǿζ
նĬĬĿٻӰʧڽӲӵɽ·ڣƬ֮󣬺Ȼһ̾ҡͷ
ֻǣĿ⿴Ѱ֮ǰѡɽ·ʱѻָ˴ǰеƽ͵Ȼ
վЩ򡣡
նܿջĿ⡣
ǰʱ˽Ѱ֪֮ŻΪģ̵޷
һ
ʥ
ⲻɽϣڹƣ˭޷󣬸޷ʥ
͵նѰ̡
£ɽף롰ɽɹעϣã

ɽСͷ֮ĵһء
ʮɫϼ̾͵ɽ·ֱͨɽʮɽ֮ۡ
˶Ƕ֣һ·û谭ʹѹҲˣһ谭ǰһǰ·һˡ
ɣʣ̤ϣ̤ϡ
;࣬ǹ϶᫵ɽʯɬĽǣû˸ҿ
Ѱѡĵھɽ·ɽʱ̫磬Ҳ̫
ʱҲǵɽģɿĽɫֱͨϣһ͵Ĵ
Ӱȿֺȥ
䣡
һεѹ˷ӿѰһ̤ɽ·ӰΪ֮һ
ȻɽҲнѰһת˲Ϣͽһѹ⡣
ֻǣѰǰûãǰɽ·ϾͱսǣͨɱᱻС
Ѱüûֱֹӱһεƣһ⵶ֱ룡
飡
ڽսǿߣҲǹϵͳеĿܣһеţɵѰͷųѹȹʱ类ɽݺײϣصɳȥ
˵ģˤһࡣ
ģֱӾͱײɳɫ֮⣬ڲĵļУɽḼֱ́
ѰҲûֱǰС
Եǵɽ֮·һȻ뵽˭óܱ̭ķգԹ˭
һĻĻ˿ʮɫͨƵƵݡ
ˣһչڴ֮ǰСͷ֮ʹĻ



1048 
Ѱأɽʱȴһ˳
䣡
Ƭ̣ͬһϵͳ콾֣ǿֻɿɽ·ϷΧ̩ɽѹ֮ƣ޿ɱܡ
Ѱһ۾ͿЩһǹҲ硣
ܣԷУԼʹº֣ߣǲԸԼԽ
ϧЩ콾ǿ̤۵;ļûУֻǡ洫Ӽ𣬶ѰԸ
Ѱö֣±һͷѩױ󤣬գһβ׾ٽԷһѹ
ǹͷ飬Ѫɣ׹ɽ·ɽϣʧ
ħ湻̬ģ
ע⵽һĻԲ赲ǰʶÿɽ·
ѰҲûкΪѣһӶǰ
ħּˣֻǣûã˰಻סһͭӡݺɱ
һ죡
ţ̤۵;׵طսǿ͡
󷽣ʥءͨ콣ڡ칷ȵȹϵͳĴˣԿһĻɫЩֻζ
ħ̫ˣĵɽ֮·עɱأ
սȷܲףȻӣҲ˶١
ϧ̲ʱͱѰǿѹֹһغҶΪ̵ġĪ
ڣʵ֮һأѰսͬѷ츲صı仯
ৣ
Ѱ̤󤲽Ӱ˲ʧԭء
ٴγʱǰһư

ɫ䣬͵תȫ巢һӰֶ֣˴׵ܻžӨļµâ
Ǹ崫طﵽ£½ɱ֮춯ء
飡
ѰȻըֽƵġ
һëȻѰֻѰµһӰ
֮ԻˣȻΪԷٶ֮죬ѾԼķӦ
սɽ۵㡣
ѰǵĮƽȻ̧ͷͿʱѰʮɽ·ǰ
һӣɫ粻
ݵĽ֣ʶԼħĲѾԽԽ󣬶Էڵ;ߵһǰ߶ȣ
һʱ䣬Щԥͺڣɽ·ϣħڣ˭֮ԵУ
ѣħǿڶ࣬˫ȭѵ֣ο˴ҪԸĿɲһɽɺã
ʥصһ˿ڣǵһĵͳҲĿ˸ղŵһĻҲѰֶ𾪲ѡ
ʱܶ£һЩһԸħȻٺò
ߣʲôзִ硣
ߣ֪Ը˼ɲͻᱻá
ʥش˲ٶȰɽ
죬ﻢ£޿ˣħ񣬴ɽۣ֮Ʊػᱻħռģ
ͨ콣ڴҲˣˡѡ
ԥ
ţ鱦ʥء칷塢ڡѰгԹĵͳˣԳˡ
ˣһҧɽ
һλ˴ֳ֮ܽħôڽľУҲкܴϣɽɹ

Ƶ鷢ڵھɽ·ϡ
Щͳһ·ϣ£ǿߣγˣһԸѰ
һʤİֻ
ɴҲԿ˶ڣУԶѰżļɵΪͷŴУû˭ҵӡ
Ѱ¼ҹһҽŻʱ仹̣վγ
Щϵͳһۺˣ£콾֮߰棬߼ɵЩͳƣ󲿷ֶӦΧѰĶС
һ֧ɲͬϵͳɵ˶鵹ѩƵģԽԽ׳ˡ
еһЩ޵߾ܾҲš벶ȸں󡱵˼׷ţ
һʱ䣬ɽ·ϣսƵƵʱǿ̭߱ھɽ·ȴ֮෴
ɱʧһ룬һжΪѰˡͷвԴ
мٻᷢ
ΪÿϵͳΪ˱֤뾺ġǿˡСͷϣԻڶлͷ
źǣѰ¼ҹһûбͿɽڶԸʱЩϵͳ˲Ÿ޼ɵص޽ˡ
ѰҲĳϵͳˣֹעܻᷢ

ƺϾ
Ѱѽһп۵ףг˷ŭһֿƲסıɱ
˶ϵͳ콾ȴγ֮ƣҪԸԼһˣֶȫ޳ܡݣ
Щ˿湻ҵģȻˣⲻɽϣҾͷ㵽ף˭ȿޣ
ѰԷݡ
֮ǰ֮Բɱ죬˲Ը˷ʱ䣬Լĵɽж⣬һҪԭ
ǾǣֻҪܵɽۣռɽ֮λӵ˻ȡ˵Ļᣡ
ʱÿһ֣ܾȡһ˿ˡ
۵ĴԽ࣬ڽġˡõƾԽ
ˡ֮ԽߣôȻԽ

ৣ
ʱУѰûٱת󤲽Ӱһ㣬һۿɼľٶȣֱɽ۳̡
;ɽͷųѹ󣬿ȴ޷ѰٶȻ
;ǿʵڸߴûãͻᱻѰ׷ϣԶԶ˦ںߡ
;֪˶پ㵵ĿͻȻȴ޷Ѱһ˿Ӱ졣
ɽ£նһʯϣǡĿһĻһԽü΢΢һ˼ǱҲˣܹʮǰļ¼ҲȷѰɱȡ
¶һĨζɫֻǣԽˣľԽ󣬵ɽʱҪٵĿǰ̵ΧɾͺܲˣѾˡ
ҡҡͷնｫĿ⿴ɽ·עֻһСˡ
УнĽơҹ巡Ц죬Ҳաȵȡ
Ȼעֻһˡ
Ծѡ

ӣѰڵһʱ䣬ϵھɽ·֮ۡ
Ҳǵھɽľͷ
һ޴ĵ̳ϣ̳ӣʥ翵ĲãϢһʢһΪڣһΪףǡ֣档
ɽס˵̳
ӵɽɽһ󣬷ɷֳɰܡ
ৣ
ûκγɣѰӰƮȻڵ̳ϡ
ͬʱ̳ĺڰӳѣɢһޱȵ˲
ˣ翣ɴʱȴ棬ʵʰ̳֮ϡ
ѰҲһⲻɽĪ⣬Թ֮һ
䣡
ûã̳룬ֳһʯɸߣ׳죬̾ᡣ
۾롢צۡ˺֣ɢ϶ϵϢη
ֻǣʯ˵ģȱһ˵

뾺콾ǿڡɽջĴԻϣ



1049 ڵ

һλ콾ܻõĴĶѡ
ɽѣɽѡ
̳ϣζţʱܻᱻ콾ս
ңսֻһΣһʱ䲻ĻսͲֹ
ѰĿϸãܵɱ־ŭ𡢺顭ۺһеսҲ֮ڣ
ŽֻСͷѡ
ԼȻˣĿעֻһ
ף
ΪСͷ֮İףܹøĴˣܹһν롰ؾĽ
ؾúܼ򵥣ʱ
һֻ꣬ȥһ죬ֶΣ̤ʥʥˣֻ޷
Ϊʱ䷨ߵķ̫ԶͲ˼飬ȻʥˣҲֻܷ˹޿ɸı䡱ĸп
ѰԣʱҪġ
ΪѾ֮Ĳ࣬ʱĳϣ
һҪˣ
Ѱૣüƽͷ޾Ȼ֮⡣
󡪡
Ŀ⿴·ɽ·ϡ
ԶԶأѾܹһӰһߣڳɽۿٿ
ܶ࣬ɿĽɫ⣬ǳĬûоûɱ
ΪǶѽˣǽҪĿ꣬Ѱһϣ
Ѱ˫ָĬһϮ°ɫڷ죬ƣӰеóȻ
һԺУǵĮ֮ɫ
ħ񣬸һᣬӴɽȥҵȱ㲻Ϊ㣬ʡƤ֮࣡
ʥصˣŹڵ̳ϵѰɫд˼ڽɭȻ
ѩǧۺϣûǳ𣿡ѰȻ
һ仰öԷɫһޱȡ
ȥ̫ˣ˵ڲɽϣȻɱҲܳǣһһˣ
Ƭ̣ͨ콣ڵĴҲˣ˵ǡ佣ᣬ˿ȸһᣬһϮȹѣд⡣
׵ҹǴбѰߣŭѵΪܡ
°ܽҲҽὫһëǹˣѰЦɫݣˡ
˫Ŀֱ
ħ¾Ѿ̫ܵѿ͸Ͻӵ̳Ϲ

ʱ鱦ʥءڡ칷һ콾֮½
ǣѰָָ㣬ѣɫǴź⡢Ǵɱ
˶ڣΪηˣһνĹϵͳˣֱǶۣ
Ѱһ쳹ۣû˼ǳ˭ǣ
˾ȺۣԴƽȴ֮⣬¡¡ھɽ£ƣ
ɽ£ѹעһսķǿǰһ׼õĻƽϢҶӼһĻ˿ؼ¼
ɽۣȺŭɫΪڶħüɵ֣룬߾޼ɵ죡
Ǻǣһ֪ĿͽƾһˣҲ˵󻰣һЦɫм
䣡
̳ϣѰָһиһӡɱȥ
ֻǰһӡճҫ۵˼£ٶҲױȡ
˴УҲ赲ƴжܣɶûá
һӵ־Բ콾һһϵͳ洫ӣʱݽ㱻ӡɱ
ۣ
屬飬Ѫɡ
ѰһԿưԵףѸƥת˲䱬һϵͳţ
ѪȵһĻסˣ
ʱѰڵ̳֮ϣƮ裬Ϣ飬ǴӲ֡
ɫòоŭҲк¡
λһɱⲣ
ۼѰˣӰ쵽ʿʥصһ˺ԥվ
һ³꣬û£ڿն𣬼һߣһ磬㡣
ϢͣһµܲɽĹơ
ϣ
ͨ콣ڵĿҲ佣籡ɳѩĿҫۡ
꣬ǿᣬ̤۵ķڴ˿̳֣Եǿƥ
ˣԭЩɵǿҲˣ˷ɱ̳Ѱ
ɲ̨ս޹ƽԣ̳֮ϣעܵΧ˺Ⱥ

Ѱ޾ɫԣһƬӿƬգһߵס
ͬʱһӡۣ֣ɱǬӭһѩ
ɱ
սһɲ׵ȼĻ
һԲͬϵͳ콾ǿɱ̳ƾ죬ֲޱߡ
Ѱû˺벽ӭȥǴս
Խ벻أһ·ϣʹԣһҪϾɱļơ
ֱɽùϵͳˣȴ޳ܵһҪԸԼһˣ
Ѱ̣
һȺСŴðǵ泹״ѹȥԺ󣬻̸ʲôʵ
Ծ֮ǰ²⣬ѰһҪɱһˣй֮ŭ
ɱ
Ѱ磬Ӱ⣬ҫۣһӲӵĴںƣɽӡ
䣡
űתһȭŷħӶȭͷ񷡣
һĹ佣ɣҲ̳
һ࣬߱ѰһŲڽ£ƾ޼¡
ۣ
ʱѰԺ춯صĿɲȭŷһ콾Ӱܣŭŵ̻㱬ըһѪкȾա
ɽţ궯ͻȻ
СͷĻһʸ뾺콾չжֻʣһЩޡӡһĽɫɽš
ע⵽һĻʱԾɫ䡣
ЩϵͳˣһɶͬеĶڣķһ𣬽ֱѰһ˶ȥǵεȿɲ
ɽѰסˣҴޱȣɱ䣬ǿħڵ̳ݺأ

ѰָţһȼյǺչٵأҶˡ
ƷǺӣ
ԵвεĻ֮£ⲿһʩչ̳֮ϣһſȼյĴը
ǿֲĻͽʮ콾УޱȵĲҽС
ϸҶ걩ŭһߴŹʣǧâ绡ֶ
ڳɱѰͷҲأһӰ䱳ӿ֣ڿײȥ
ɲǼ䣬е뱻ײɣзڱѪЩѡ
䣡
ʱѰȭХǬӭ˳Ĵˣȭ޼᲻ݣ˷У
ɽţͳ޺ʹǽĲǴǵһμѰ֣ΪһȻǿڱΧ˵£Ҳעһ١
˭룬ħԶȴлҪǿ£
ֻһ˶ѣȴǬװǵ̳֮ϣһеУ


1050 ޿赲Ӱ
䣡
ٶȱɣϡ
Ѱһħ㣬ּ̧䣬ȭգǿһȭ
ҽС
λʥλǰéľۺĵӣν棬վУѰ˴ڿѪ
ɫɼݣԹ𣺡ħⲻɽϣǶǲģǿҲվ˥ݽ֮ʱ
䣡
ȭɨ嶼ѣѰκԥһȭɱ
ձУըֱӴԭʧ
˶ڣвҲ콾֣Ѱɫ䣬о֮ɫ
תϿᡣ
죡һ֣ɱħͷᷢУѰǿеĺ־ܳ
սʼ֮󣬵һ̭ľ
⵹ûʲô˾ǣͬǾѰĶ֣
ͳ콾ľҲܵսʱŲƬ̹򣬾Ѿжʮλ콾ɱܲʧɿƴĿģ
̤ϴɽ忪ʼ·ˣħѵҪһһˣ
һ鱦ʥش˷ŭ
ʱħǿҲֻ־Ϊˣ
ɱܹ鲻㱻̭ܽˮҲֵˣ
һʱ䣬Ⱥ۶־һαȼ
ǲⲻɽϣͲ֡Ŀܣ
ಡ
һӰڳɱŷϢɲŲõѤõ⡣
һֵط꣬ǵأ̳֮ϸǡ
һͷ׵ĹʣͬܣѰһˡ
ǵȾ춯صĳκһλ벽
˿̣ûƽϢҶӼ¼һĻĻķǿߣߵͷƤ顣
Сͷ֮ϣɴӲ˲Ҷֲ飡
Ǵ磬ʤ硭Żֻ¶ҪΪ˺䶯ɡ
ͬʱħǡһ򵱹أĪҲǿĿѣѪҲ֮ڡ
һˣսһ콾˵ǣɶǬ£ţ
¡¡
սңѰӰˣλá
һڴ¯㳹ȼաڣۺƥĵиȫת
˿̵ÿһμŵ⣬ÿһ˿Ө˸˵Ĺ
Ͷ֮䣬ǣչÿһͷųԳ޿ƥеĻ֮
ϣ
佣ĺâ˸ƥɱ
ۣ
ͬʱѰָһ쵶ڤ貶ϬᷢУܣжʺɺѪ
ͷʬ廯һͷѤĿȸѰԻǺ֮յɻңͺͺĽޱȡ
ëķ˲缦ëĿȸ͸пˡ
źǣգۣʬƾʧĻѰƷһ¿ȸĳ嶯ˡ
̳ϣѪڷɣҽϡ
ѰӰշתŲͨ巢⣬ȭƴϵͳ콾Ҳ֮һһըȫɱ
Ժ׼ѪѰһ˳ɱϣ˷ܵУȴĪ֮£
̳ϣѪˮ۳ɲɺĿ򲨶ӿ֣ЩѪˮʬʧˡ
ΨǹϵϣһðĹһѵϸС򾣬ڲϻš
ϡɼʯϣ˵Ƭ΢Ĺ󣬶һԡ
Ǵ˵
ڵ̳ɽÿһ֣ܹӲɽлȡһƴˣ֮ϡ
ѰɱĶĿԽԽ࣬۵ĴҲ֮ࡣ
ͬʱʮɽۣ֮ͬҲڱųͻֻԶԣȴޱȣûй˭ͬÿɽ֮ˣҪܱսķա
Ȼۼҳ̶ȣɽϵľԶԶ޷Ѱڵ̳ȵġ
䣡
ײҷɡ
ɱ¾ڳ
Ѱûиܵѹֻǣְ˷ܵеѹԶֹס
ؼһڣսʱһЩۼսӡ
ЩֻҶںߵż𣿡
أѰһЩϢǿľԻԶǰ塣
Ǵ֣֮ĥԼԼ˥ʱЩһͻԥ
һЩڳ콾ɫѿջޱȣ˭ڻңֻ¶ʹˡ
ҪԻڣ
һͷڵĳ˳лɲǼϵ̳Ӷһ˴ꪣɱ¡
һڵ̤ۣ꣬Ƿһ֣;Ե֮
ɽƬ̣ͱѰһȭϣֽ㱬飬ѪȵһĻó˵궼ڲڡ
ʲôʱ򣬾ɱˣ
ɽ£ͳޡҲ𶯣ħȻھ콾Уѿƶˣսǿᣡ
ѰɨȺۣĮڴˣĸϵͳ˭Խһɱ⣡
ʱ̳Ͽյȳȥ콾ѱɱ⣬ΨѰһϡ
£ǲȥѪ
գŨǺǵѪζ
һȾӰףһħڸʮǵƣ˶
һˣһ´ɽ̳ϣҪͳˣڴѹһеУ
Ҳ̫ˣ
֮ͬǰҲû˿Ԥϵġ
˭ţһˣͬ־Ϊȴܺһڹϵͳ콾
Щ콾УһһеĿܣһܾĿ
ħǰȴԵǰ㲻һ˶̶ӣ
һֻ֤ھ۵;ϣħսѴﵽǰز˵һ콾ͬΪĴڣҲ˭ʸȥħģ
Ҳãڲɽϣƣڳ򣬸ͳעܲסȲʧ
ң֪᳹Щ콾ںηķ
ʱնҲ޷עһսѰıҲеЩ⣬ӿɫ
һٶ˥ߣսʱֻ󣬾Ͳֵ֪ܼʱˡ
նҡͷûʲôùעģÿһܹСͷеľԿ԰쵽һ
ѰԣƾչֳսСͷӦò⡣
ϧĴֹۣ
ӦնĲ²⣬ɽ֮ϣѰ಻ס
ħսڣ˭ĵӣҵĹϵͳ
˵ĲֹһˣһȺǾĿ䡣
սʱжϣѰӦ˴עֲ̫á
ʶ׼ѣ
ϧûѰĵǺ֮ӴƴУûܹȼ磡
ǺܾˣѰˡ
ħ̫ˣΪԼǲսʤģһŮЦȻľ̲סеŭ
ΪΪϵͳˣһ߸ϣѰ޿֮һԽС
ȴɱƵƵܴ죬Եúܶ벻ջѡ
ۣ
ֻǣŮӻ䣬һӨѩķâѰӳŮӵͷ­һն䣡



1051 ɱ
ϣ
ðѩ׹󣬷ѰС
ԶŮʬأе
ֱȥ֮ǰЦﻹڳлصţΪһĪķ̡
ȺŭԲԴУȻ
սˡ
һκ֮ǰһһЩ伬ǿߡ
ڵһΰӣֶһͭޣָأƥҵ÷顣
һŮҲۣ߶һյƣŹɲľ
һ࣬칷һӣִһѪɫ׶һɨѪⱼڣѹա
ˣ鱦ʥءͨ콣ڵȾսȺ
ԭͲĵ̳ϣһʱǵ⽣Ӱ͵ײ쾪ףƬɽۡ
ҲǴʱѰڸܵһֳѹ
ǵûɵս⣬˵Ҳ֮
ǿѰսֶҲ֮һ䣬гԪնԵС
ϣϣϣ
ӿأ쳹Ѫź
ӨѩãһĪܲɽĹơ
ϣɬصĵͼ˸ƥơ
ѰϢǱ£
ԭս㲻öУҲ֮Կ
Ѱ뱻ʱ䣬ԣܹʱڣɱĶ֣ܳйĵŭ
¡
ΰӳͭ˫һ֮£׼͸ذܡ
ҲڴʱѰâһ
ն
һƬҹ٣׹УһҹϯǶ䡣
꿦꣡
ͭ˫ޱնϣһԱϣΪڵĴйű
ȴӲӲնϣ
ΰӱŭĶѪʹԸӣⲻɽϣȷǱﱻٵɾٲָܻˡ
Ͼվ
ۼѰɱΰȻٺޣҲֻܡ
䣡
һƬϼֶɢڰʥ;ͻա
ǳĻŮӳˡ
ѰԶгǿӡ
ɫ䣬תȫ֮ӲȴѰһȭɳ̳ͨһڵأѪ
ӵ̳׹䣬ζʧܣ
ÿΰһʱ޷ܣ̲סŭޱȵ˻һγ̳
Ӱոյ;ͱεĹ֣˲ʧ
ȻѾױ̭ˣ
ʱ̳ϵĶԾڼҵ˿ǰز
ɱ磬עԤѣ˾źͻȻ
ͬƵľ۶ԾҲƱػ޵߹ע䶯
Ͼ۶ԾͺѰ㣬һһ֮ԿһھĶԾԵټˡ

ûãĻŮӷҽУһѩ׵ź۱ն䣬۵ɷףʧȥһյƵĿơ
Ⱥ۾壬ͫţսʱħǵû˥󣬷ԽսԽ£ħ죬ǿˣ
һЩ޵߶־ܵɲѡ
֪ȥһ뵽ȥƴҲûϣǸеͱơ
飡
ܿ죬ǻŮӾͼֲסѰǿѹкɨնӯӯһյ֫Ѫ١
ɽ£һڹϵͳޡ̴ӽսȭͷϢɲɫ̭࣬ЩɶǵͳĴˣǸеıջ
һЩϱףεɱеĴͬǾ۴ڣȴܣҲѽܡ
ȻĹս˷ܣһƬڣ²ؼȻֵÿ֣Ͳˡ
Ƕδ֮ˣһûиŵˣȴӲɱЩϵͳɾĳ
ҵС͡նüѰı֣ٶȳԤҲе⡣
վǷȱ򣬾۵;ɲ򵥡
նΪλжʤʮ۾ͷĴڣѽھ۵;϶ꡣ
ѰıŴ⣬ȴ޶𺳣޷ɵ
Ѿ۵;žҡǷ켫ΣôնжУѰսӦڡҡΣǷ켫֮Ƿȱپ롣
Żϵͳ֮һϣǾǳžľ콾Ѿ߱˳Сͷʸ
ӵСҡľ콾⣬ȿСͷ֮ϡ
ڡǷ켫εľ콾ÿһͬеľͷӵнָʮ۾ͷеǱܣ
ǵǷ켫εۿϧն˼⵽⣬һҡͷ飬ûʲôϧģ
ͬʱɽۣ֮սѾԽԽʺ
Ц졢ҹ巡ĽơƽաЩ︦һϵ̳ȷԼİλ
ңսǵǿ䲻ȴû˸ɵؽȺ
Ϊϵͳ˵ƣ˭ҲƽԴǣô˼͵ű˰ɣ
һɽʱܵвһֱڣѰԣһϣһڵ¡
ͬҲ⣬³ûбȺ֮ܵĴȴѰࡣ
Ϊû֪Ұ˵ļһǺηʥڶԸʱȻԴϵͳǰɵ
ǣ³Եϵ̳ȴƵƵƣַڵس
̫ˣν콾Ǵһͷǿ
ޣˣν콾һЩĴûһܴģ
ս˭˭ӣ
ЩޱȵĻ֪³ƵЩǿߵɫжѿˡ
òϵǣ³ȷʵܱ̬۾ص粻ɺɽ֮Ծǿߣֻбķݶ
۵ı֣ȻҲעĿ⡣
ԾѡͬҲԵϵ̳ںͶּҶԾֲֻۣʤȴϡ
ãֱڣ˶̭
ʱһʱѾȥһ룬ÿһɽϣսҲԽԽҡ
ΪСͷϣ˭ƴеսɱΨֱ̭ˡ
ֻѰڵĵھɽ壬һ⡣
ٴɽ콾ԻѰΪĿꡣ
ңսһʼѰͰռ̳۳ʲô˼ȥѰܴԸĻᡣ

ӨѩĶкѪɫ׶ײĺ
ǱִǺ칷еѪɫ׶һը飬ꡣ
ͬʱѰӰչһɲǼȭһȭһȭѸͣ羪صŭ˶ӿ
飡
һȭ׻һұ߼ݣǱ顣
ͨ
ڶȭ˫ϥأѪ˺ѷΰĲҽУǶѡ
ۣ
ȭͷ­飬ͷʬ廯ڹԭΣѪڵϡ
ȭһǳɣһ˲Ļ硣
Ժ칷ǿ߱ѰһְԾǿ̬ɱ



1052 ֪
һգºʹ
Ѱɲˣʱ˵Ļ
ڴ壬Ѱ˼£Ҳ޵˼£ֹĺڶ࣬ɥݶΪ
ʶɱʱѰչ¶ֶҲǸ֮ԵѪȡ
һ궯콾¶һĻ嵽
ʵڱ̬ȻǾҲǿɣ˲
սʱѰе콾ʮ֮࣬ҾУ߰˸Ѱɱ
Ѱʼգˣ
̳ϣѰûֵͣĴ㣬֡
ң
һ꾪УѰ
ѰɫȻƮ裬ڷ˫ĿԨˡ
䣡
ʱһư
걩ˣ˸Ųƣͬʱŭȳ⣺ΪԼ֣Ȼ޵Уɵ磬һҪ
۵һ£ͱͻĶпһѪܵͷ­׿ն
ɶ񣡡
ɫ࣬оŭͺ⣬ӦΧ˶֣룬ȴԷһ½ɱ
˭ԤϣҲڳء
ħ֪ʲôԹԵͷ׺Уֻڷʱĸѿ
Ƿв
Щͳ˲ӶһҲκβңһ֪ηвƾǣҲ콾֣
Ѱһ˵ڵ̳ϣͬħףѹȵ˿ҪϢ
ǵ̳Զǿߣɽµޡһɫ쳣ѿһɵѵ⣬ǴӲĽԷŭޱȡ
ѰڴˣС󱲣һҲռݴ˵أѰԴȻħɡ
Բѣɱ
ŭ𣬺һ档
ﻢ£Ѿû·ȻѰǿǾͲֻܹעһȥƴ

ܺľѰδһʤ
ֻǿϧ콾עǶ֣ѰɱѪɺӣͷ䡣
ǿϰˣѾǴ˴εɽģҲ˶ڡ
ɽûзתѰе¾£ʱѪˮɽҽ쳹
ϣһϸСĴڷɿػۺͱ࣬ϸܵ˸ڴ˵Ķع
ֱβ֮̾ȻһǳֳӲӵʥðԡ
Ǵ˻ۻ۵һ̶Ȳ󣬼侪ˡ
ֱǸ漣ɽоβԣɴӲ
ɽţһŽϳԾݲѡ
ҲȻĿ࣬š
ԣϷβצס롢ǡ߸
õĴ˻۵һ̶ȣһλʥԹ⣡
ڡˡ֮սУĸߵͣ
Խ࣬ʥԹλԽ࣬עҲԽǰ֮Ȼ
УֹһѰ㣬ڡɽоһλʥԹģ
ѿǿʷ֮ȺӣŽˣ
Ⲣ⣬κһھ۾ӵСҡǿߣͬĴУͬҲ԰쵽һ
Ҳ˺侲ֻ˵ħһڣ̫⣬˵漣Ļᡣ
նﰵͷԵǲ١
Ѱˣǵȷλʮɽеĵһ
վֻǡɽ
ˡ֮սѰӵеԽ࣬ܵԽң˾Խ࣡
գܻΪ¡
ţ
뵽⣬նһȻʶԼּƲ⣬Ѿڲ֪Ѿ϶Ѱܹɽɹˡ
üͷʱһ塣
⣬һ⣡

㡭
ھɽ̳ϣһǿ߾ŵö־ѰͷС
ಣ
һǿ߸ֱӣתӴܣ˵ֻ̳ȮʵǱѰǴݿħ֮ŵˡ
˾㵣Ҳвڡ
ʣµˣһĻҲױܲ˵ؿʼӴܣ֪Ҳħˡ
Էبڵ̳ϵɽֻбѹķݣûбĿܣ
裡
ۣ
ɽţϱס
˭޷ܣùϵͳĴˣһӺգλߡ
ȴɱö־߽⣬ֻӴܣ϶ҪˣǴȥЩϵͳԣһ۵㣬ΪһЦ
̳ϣյֻʣѰһˣǣԶȺۣɫɡ
𣿡ڡ
ƽһ콾ɫ࣬ǻıͱ
ɵѰǵĮĿ⣬ȴһ˸ǰսʵǱŵˡ
ǿ뿪˵ʱܻţҧݡ
ۣ
ѰиնȥѪŽ룬Ѫˮк
ȥ޷һЩвѰ̤Żսɱ֪ȴЩƨв
Ѱü価Դƽ޵֮緶
ɫס
ϣ
ӿգѰ̳֮ϣɱЩ콾
Ѿ׵ˣĻĵ޷öԷڣѰֻɱʹ죡
ѪŽ⧲նɱ
ӰʣµȺ˳׻ңȻɢɽ··ȥ̻ɥ֮Ȯ
һЩ˸ֱӣɽ壬ɽĹ˲̭֡
ɽЩϵͳϱɫ֮࣬ܣѪԿԲ˵Ϊһϴ̵ĳ裡
ʵҲѰѳɣԱܣд˾ɢȴԵ̫ˡ
пܣѰǺ޲ðЩһȫһ򾡵ģϧǣ˿̵áɽ뿪̳ͽǰ
һѰٶ룬ͷ˿Զһʱ䣬㼴ϥأ޸
˴սӿʼʱ䲢ȴԿƲңȻѰĶֶԡ
֮ǰ˷׷״⣬ֲ˶ãɽȴǡ෴
ʱѰȷ˲һɱĵ߳ɵ
Ⲣ⣬֮սʼǰɽήһꡱܹɽɹ޵˲ָȫ
۵ƻǰʥ֮شµ˵ĹȻϣ˭ʸ콾ֵġ
Ѱ˼֮ɫ
һս۵ͬ
Ҫ֪֮ǰɱУܼޱȣʼգûж֮ŭҲûжöսʥ
ſննɱУҲʩչ
ɾ£һ콾ȴɲ⻹콾
Ц
ͬʱѰԾ۵;֪Ҳ˲֪ͬ⡣
ǰԾ۵;֪һֱԡǿ;֮ȻϹʱټ
Ȼ֪ϵ
ˣʱѾͬ¹ȥֱ˶ԡۡ;Ķ壬Ҳ֮òͬ


1053 ԭ
ۣǿ;
Ѱ۵;ʱ˵ңɼ㽵
Ž񺱼Ϲʱ˵˵翣֪ſ̾
˻ɣ˵Ƿڡ
ѰŽ֣±Ǩ޵߶Ծ۵;Ķ壬ѷı䡣
У۵;بǿ֮·˾һ֮ɺһж֡
޵УƿᡢǷ硢ѩǧϵͳĺĴˣǾ
Уעڣ
֮ǰսУѰɱνʮѰУЩֻ㷽֮·żУ
һЩżûڼΪ콾ѰоܻͿЦ
Լ֪ڿ̣˶Ծ۵ĶѾüΪݣ
Ѱ֪
Щƽħҹ巡ЦҪ϶Ծ۵Ķ塣
һ۵;ΣղЩԼɱļһҲײ㣬žѡ
ҹ巡Цڳž֮ϣھжǿȴԹ
סն㡢桢ҶĦڭЩһ۾ͷӦѾھ۵;ż侪˵裬³ƲǿҲӦ˶ˡ
Ѱ
٣ҲζУصӿֳʤľȺǰڴ
ڴ֮ǰܶͬеľһ̶׼֪޺
Σҵǰ֮;Ϊ֮;
ãѰɻʣĿᶨ
Թ̳˼þ֮أɽۣ֮սš
ͬɽЩԲͬͳĹۿͣҲעžơ
ѰѶעժСͷʮеһ£Ϳɽ֮۵ܹ˭ˡ
ÿһɽϵɱԿƲңͬԣǿ߶Ծκһս磬䶯
ⲻɽϣȴżʡ
Щǿ߶æˣȦɵս̫࣬дŹʵľҲʤöҸиԵص㣬ʵۻңȡᡣ
ͬѰҲĿ⿴ɽۣ֮Ӵʶɢڹս
Ц죬磬о춯֮ݿ֮ƣԵϵ̳ûֵܹ׳ŹʮС
ħҹͬʣһޱŽ͸嫽⣬֮м֮ħңâߡ
֮෴Ľͬһ۽ޣĽ⣬ȴ籼ףǵءǿɱ
ƽսֶԵùܺĪ⣬һ֧ԵУ֮֮
ա桭
Щһľ⣬עСͷС
ΪѰעǹ棬սò̱̬ݡ
սĶ֣ػᱻ˫Ӳ˺壬ö֫飬Ѫٷ
öڱ̭֮ǰܵĥʹݲС
бֶΣҲϵͳϱķŭ޲öȥֱеڹӡ
ɹֶβ̹̣ȴĿѪһĻǿߣྪòǰսΨҲ˺ˡ
ѰĿ⿴ȥʱǡÿ潫һģεŮ߬Уһ֣һŮӵı۰粼㱻˺ѿʺѪٲ̳
¶һѪЦݣɺͷһƮѪˮ͵һɫޱ
ৣ
ͬʱҲע⵽ѰͶĿ⣬һЦѩ׵ɭȻ˵һ仰
ħҲ㽫˺ˣһѪˮǷħϢ
ʺ綢˵Ц޼ɵ
Ѱ˶ԷһۣɫջĿ⡣
ڡˡԾ棬⽫ڹһĥ
Ѱӡ
ܹڵ̳ϳսڣѰҲеһ⡣
֪Уǿ󣬿ɾľǿɲ˲پ롣
ȴܹɽڣֻ֤һǱ֮Զֳʵ
Ѱü
ӴЩ
ĶһϢ꣬ɫ𪣬ӿŮӰ㣬һĶ
ѰûмǴһʥӡ
Լеá
ʱӰƵģ׽͸ֹǿ죬Ҽ
ƾγǶһ˿
ɣϣռžơ
ԭ£ûлʤϣȴżܶԷèϷӰ㣬Ūڹ֮䡣
Ůӣޱȣ޳һĨϸĽ롣
廨Ϊÿһγ֣ͻϴ̴һϸܵۿ
Գżʹ࣬ɫ࣬ŭޱȣȴ޷׽ܵҲԽԽࡣ
ܹµļԱƳϸܵѪһѪˮ͸ճһ䡰ǾޱĳΡ
ȷ廨
ĶһпաУһλĴʦڻӺī
ֻӶΪѪΪīԽΪʷȴ޷еһ˿УԵޱˣ
˭һĻֻ¶ͷƤ飬־塣
Ӻʹ࣬ڲڣĿѣƴþһȥɱ
һжԵͽ͡
ɫնݣн䣬ӵķŭӶ
裡
ôҲʮλ֮һݡλսԿƵһ콾еһˮ׼
ɴʱȴڲǶϺ͵ĵؼ̤裡
ѰúҲƵӿһĨ⣬ŲƵɱ
ֶ䲻繶бۼ̬й֮޲
ţ
ڴʱѰɫһ䣬˫ȭȻ߬еɱʵʰ㣬˵â
ͼԶɽۣ֮ӰȻһͣڰգʩ˶
ҲڴʱⲽǰϸĽ룬ӵ֮ء
Ӱһ˻ԭء
ӵȴ类˿ݺύиȻը
ѪڣӳգһŨ޵ѪɫǾޱͼʺۡ
ע⵽һĻǿ߶־壬ֶΣֱ̬˼£
ȴƻȻ°ͣŭŵѪɫǾޱϾ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ⲻɽϣӲȥѰ޾ŭ𣬺ÿ¡
ɱ˲ͷأȴ˱̬ѪȵֶĥӣԲԭ£



1054 ֮Ļ
ӱһ̵ּķʽ̭ˡ
Ѱŭ⡣
ܲʲôɱ˱̬ܣȴѰ޷ܣ
ѰǲǺͶˣɱʱͬ
ϣһɳƵ綾š
Ѱ֪ʱѽĿңңԼڵɽ塣
һϮ£𪣬ӿ죬Ĵɺպĵ档
ңΪҪ֣Ѱɫ䡣
ΪҲһζѽ
Ц˵޿ģڹŻһҲûУ뱨ͷۣãҵһӡ
Ȼڴ֮ǰڰд̽ѰϢѰ׽֮¶֣
㲻ıѰüоһ￴ݣʵȴ̬һ
ˣôô
˹˵ӵ³ҲˣҲ¸㣬ھ͹ԹԵعң򣬵йϵˣһһȫһѪ
˵΢ЦϣһɷϢ
ѰĬƬ̣ҲЦˣҵҪܷеҵŭˣôҾ͸ȫ壬ţһ˭Ц󡣡
ˣ㡣
ƽȴоȻ֮⡣
˵գջĿ⣬ٿԷһۡ
Ѵۣ޿̣˱ɱľġ
ͬʱȻʰ㷢ЦоǷ֮ɫǾһԣ

ѵ
һɽϣ³粻ƣĶսޣǳֿȭͺ˶ֵıһŽԷ߷ɳ̳
սķָŲԶѾòǰһ콾ôˣǲǲΪһ㹷ƨ콾
ζʮ㣬Щ콾÷ζը޲ýҰ˵һų˺á
գȴ˸ǰ
û취Ұ˵սĳһǿףսʱﶼǿѹ˭ǰ
Ѱ⣬ջĿ⣬һɽϵԾѡ
겻ԾѵʵͬͻͽǿѰҲе޵ĵز
һϮȹ޳ԼӰ裬սڵ̳֮ϣһλͥŲ
һãӰգŲХ졢ͻ١
֮ԵеһɽʮغϣӲУԾѹ
лʵ־ʥصĴоѧ˳ɾͣҲ֮С
ѰжϣԾѲ⣬ɽСͷϡ
ʦ۵;еġҡز롮Ƿ켫ѾԶˡ
ͬʱһֱעԾѵնҲͷдһĨĵ͡
ˣ
أɽϣϣߵĴʮɽ֮λãŹʡ
ܹÿһ̳ϵսһ뱻ֹ
ͬһʱ䣬սɹǿߣε˵ֻ̳ʣʮӰֱϡ
һʱ䵽ɽˣ
ɲǼ䣬ɽŵȴˣ뿴ÿһɽ֮۵Ӱϡ
Ц졢ҹ巡Ľơƽա桢Ծѡ
ȻѰ
ʮλ콾ɽɹ
Щɽȴϵ̳콾һĻ޲¶ɥʧɫ
ɽɽһ֮ȴ֮
ɽɹߣѵλСͷ֮ϣΪһеСͷ
һĪҫҲһֶʵڹͣ
콾ֻΪģ̭֣ԺҲעܻ̫ע
Ǵ֮һܾ֮

͸ýġˡսˣʮλСͷҲ֪˭ܲͷռͷ
ɽţ۷׷ףϵͳ޵߽ڹ
ȣһɽ֮ԿƿǰһЩ콾СͷʵڣȴΪʧߣ˶̾Ϣ
ǲǿһβ뾺콾˹ŻĴΪҫ۵ľǵİܣս֮
ÿ٣ػ¹أڴ֮ϣһδ䲻٣ЩϣѾԸܵ˴δעǰδУſǰ
Щϱп
Ψһ⣬ħ񣡡
ôϵͳ콾Ժʹˣֻѱɱˣһȴصʵܾˡ
ǺǣŰɣֵԽۣ뿪ʱͻԽң
עѰҲ
֮ǰ˭û뵽ܹСͷ֮ϣΪϵͳ콾Ĵ£עҪ̭ġ
ɽȴϡ
ѰӮˣ
һˣܾھɽϵ콾
Ҳɽ֮Сͷϵǿע⡣
ˣ˼Ц絶УһĨ
һħҸڴһˣħҹƮ裬һЦ
ħӡ³Ц
Ľơաƽǵɫһһѿ
֮ǰǿɶɳȥѹѰȴû뵽£Ѱܻʤ˲ӬһӦ
ˣħС硣Ծգգ۾Ƥص٩һ䡣
ʤΣġˡУ޳ܵļһܳƨʲôʱ򣡡кܲˬ
һЩȺѰ޳ҲѰʶͬСͷϵ콾ҲעѰһЩ
˾ɣҲ壬Ҳ;衣
Ҫ֮ѰĴڣһǲòӡ
ЩעѰ벻⣬Σ֮ͬУ䲻ҿӵоԻʤգҲԲκζ֣
ˣҲ֪ҪôС
ѰĿ⿴ͬɽϵĵ̳ɽϿûʲôУѰҲ֪չ¾㹻ˡ
¡
Ѱ˼ʱʮɽϣÿһ̳Բһڶɽнһ𣬱ʥ
Խ֯һ޴ޱȵս
սʺڰ׶ɫ޴ƥ֮ϣ˸Ų󣬸һ֣˵Ŀ⡣
ʮӲͬɽۣ֮ͨս
ս
СͷսͽĻ
սĻɽĽƹ򣬻תͬǿŲƵսϽжԾ
ʤߣֹǰһܶȡһֵĴˣ
Ҫʼˣ
ɽ£ĿĿˢˢڸ߿մս
ǿߣ׼˺һƽϢҶӣ¼սϵһ棡
ڴѰңԶȻӿһĨƵս⡣


1055 ֵϳ
ڴͬʱɽ۵СͷսĿҲǰδеĿȡ
츳ٳҲ۳Ǹ˴ܹСͷϵģ䲻ʮˡ
ʱ̣˭޶ԣ
Ϊ̤ۣԶͬ콾аǣ˴֮˭ȻȫԸ
û˭Ͼ£
һʯ쾪

ˣ
Ȼһ𣬼Ǭ
Ŀע֮£ʮУڴ˿̲糱ˮĲ
һ̣֮ǰСͷͱŲƵսϡ
ֱһһŮ
Ӱѩɢ̹ǵĺ⡣
Զʤ硰Դ̡
Ůͤͤеһɣü㣬һƵɫ⣬ÿ顣
ԡ̫һšƼ
ߣѰʶľܹռһɽۣ֮ΪʮСͷ֮һ֤ǵǿˡ
ܿ죬սرսݺᣬ⽻һʼͳֳļս
ɽ£ϡ
ɽۣѰһСͷҲڽע
ûãսĻֳʤ
Ƽ΢ƣ˴
ͬʱԭϣһðĴӿ뵽˹Ƽӵеϡ
ңɽཱһ˸Ƽʤߡ
֮ˣ
ֹܶȡֵĴˣŻܻԲɽĽ
ûʥͽΪɱﵣƴľǸԵսҲǿ󣬵ƿصĴȴѷǹƼһ˿
Ѱ˼
СͷҲϹƼս˼ԼŮӣӦԺȡʤ
ܿ죬ڶԾʼǹ档
Ķһиɽӣ硰Ƶڡսǿ
䣡
սһʼɽͼȫԸȻΪĿ¡
ЦһѪɫޣʮڣһѪɫ׵һ֮£սжʱ̶ޱȵĺ
ӰѪڿգͷų˵Ĵʮغϣͽɽѹơ
ʮغʱɽǱ̢ñˣǶѡ
ʮغʱɽͷ­嶼ѪӲ򱬡

Ѫ׷ɣӰԡУӳĵѪĶħޱȡ
̫ǿˣ
ڹӾˡޡλͨϵĺܹܺ
칷ɲòϣ̵ȷ̫ۺ⹶СնεĺĽɫ
ɽţϣԱǲб͵ս̬
ҪһλԼһͬΪСͷǿ߿ɼס
ɱԷϼѡ
ȴܰ쵽һ֤ӵеսڴ˴֮У
ֲøôбԭ̡
Ѱӿսϸھ۵ףҲ˹ʵ
ѰӦ֪ɱľ㣬øϴɾӵţ
أ淢һȣɺ˸Ų̵Ĺ
Ųƻɽ۵̳ߵϣͬ˽
Ҹղ˵ʲôţħ񼴱СͷҲᱻԺʹѹ
ɽţǿֻ
ѰɫΪ
˴֮ɱˣһڶ⹶棡
ճսУʮغϺ󣬻ܶ֡
ȵ۵ƻϵʱɱǿˡ
Ѱ⣬յ츳̱ͼ䳬Ⱥֳʥң볤У벻ǿ󶼺ѡ
ĳЦʤ
峡ƽʤ

һԾ½С
УҲһЩ˭޷ӵĺݽɫһЩ̫Ϥģ硰󡱴չ棬綫ʤ硰Ϸ塱϶ȵȡ
ʵʱСͷʮģܿ¡
ʮĳԾѶԶʤʥذϺذ
ذǱȽҫ۵һսáȣѸסݣùսμס
ǡ
ԾʱȴһͿ
Ƭ̣ͱε䣬ԭܼ򵥣Ծʩչ鱦ʥصɾѧ򻯵
˷һԾǧսУӰÿһʵ
ذ̾죬һĻʱץϹƾγ޷Ծѵ
գֻ䡣
ˣѰ˵Լɱʱһͬ򻯵ϧԾȣʱĹѷɫ̫ࡣ
ʮ峡
ɷ컯Ūˣ˽ħҹ巡
һսܹעսǰң۳ҹ巣Ǿеķ֮һս֮
ֻǣһغϺ󣬳վУҹһأò䡣
ҿлѰԾעҲĶ֡
ֳʤҹ巺Ȼһ仰һ࣬ɫ͵һŭѵ
ҹ΢΢һЦȴתȥ
ߣһǻķŭͲҲ뿪
ҪѰĸΣ
ʮĽƵĶ䡣
ʮ߳
ѰǰĽ͵һ󷭹
ڵˡ
ѰֻӰһ𣬾ͱһϯһ̾ͳսϡ
̧Ѱ棬һ
ͬʱѰһŲƵսϵһӰͬһطһЦǾмӣڵһֶԾУ㣬֮ң
ЦУһɷĿ⡣
һϮ£ò죬ŮӶƯ֣Ĵպĵ棬ɺޡ
һʥ
кϷˡ
ֶα̬ޱȣսȺСͷеɵ˭룬ƫƫѰˣ湻ùġ
ô˵Ǳ̬Ѱħ񣬱̬ħһԾעܾʣ
ҺڴܰħҲһѪɫǾޱ龰϶ᾪ䡣
ɽţս߳׺䶯ˣı̬ͿУѰǿҲͬ⡣
ȴһԭ͵жѰϵͳǿߣֻЦ
ûʲôǰһսڴˣ
ͬʱСͷҲ¶ͬɫζڴгŪҲֻͿЦ
һ־һ湻ġ
ԾҲһ̾ǲѰ˵׵۹ʱͲΪѰ鵣ǹ
⵹äĿţţκε͹ѰĶ֣ޱȵĴۣ
ͬκβֹ۵ľƣѰϣȱתΣΪֶΡ
ԾΨһĵǣһսѰܻᱻǰ¶ȫĵơ
ƾǵƣǳʤĹؼ¶ˣͱȻǿߵľͷ
Ѱ֮ǰ˵ĻֻҪģ˵£ͲȥйصЩѡ
սϣɺĴʰ㿩ЦῡϾǷ֮ɫ


1056 Ͳ
Ļ䣬˲ѣѰ˱ܲĥܵӣѻܵɱƵӿǻ
˲Ҳֻ֪֪û⣬ͱ뿪ս
Ѱ䣬һһ٣һεɱɢ糱ˮǵأΪ֮һ䡣
ЦˣϾǷ֮ɫħһΪ㻭һ޻⣡
䣡
˵ʱͬһʱ䶯ˣӰ磬ǰһ𣬱Ŀԣ羪׵졣
սڴ˿̱
У¯ײҲ
սϣȫϼȵ⣬־ĳײΪ֮ɫ䡣
ǿ
϶ԣսĿǰΪֹҵģ֮ƾˣ
ɽţйս߽Զݡ
ɽ۵СͷҲڽעǶ֪ħ֮ǿ󣬿жǿ˭Ҳ޷һ׼Ĵ𰸡
һսУܹһߣ
䣡
սϣս˫ٿȻֿƬ̣ŻָԵʧ
Ӱңңţվһ
ħ˵ǰЩʮǰһЩ¼ҽɱǷζţʮǰףҲյң
ӿвӲӵС
˻һͨ콣ڵǿ߽ɫѿԱȣֱǲ
ĽҲߣŲ֮ɫ
Ŀ湻ġѰɫ
ʱ˶ڽ̸ǵȴѸɲ
Ѱԣڷһħھѣ
һ࣬ë׿ţһ籡лƣնŤȼƾ졣
գҲǱѹ֣Զɽ²޵߸еһϢѹȸС
䣡
ȳݣ̤գ񷣬ĸֳһƬƣ籡ϼ⣬ǰֲޱߡ
һ̣ϢŰ죬Уȫ
ĴоѧϱΪ֮ݡ
ͬʱѰǱӿִƬɫԣӰð㣬飬ȴױȵ
䣡
Ϊȭűİ壬˲䣬ݣȭᴩبʱգŷս֮ϡ
ײɽ
߼ҶԾһѸ磬ɽչֳսֶΣʱİѿ۷壬չֳǿ
ɽѻȸս߽ԿϢ񶯵
ǶͬɽϵһСͷ˿̶¶֮ɫ۾һգգΨִκϸڡ
䣡
ָһԷĵУƳɫ棬նи˺ѣȼգȥսƷ绯𺣡
жýݣ񷣬ӵۻҵļٶȣϢֲԡе顣
Ѱ̤󤲽ͬԼٶ֮Ӳȭ׾Ȼһ˿̻Ϣÿһȭк춯֮˿á
һ˲ؼ䣬¡¡ŭ䣬ħź쳹
߼Ҳɱһ𣬳ɫɫڣ⣬ս֮ض֡

˿Եúܿܣϸֳ̬ĳɫЦϢǿʢˡ
ֳһϵӰ籡Ǵط֡
ǿĴܣ𣬿񷣡
ֻǣǿѰҲѶãͶ㣬ȭãѵأա
֮ĶԾʵ̫ˣŸտʼѣѾֳԶһ۵ܣƵϼ졣
ĿѣҡҷԵֹ
֮ȣ֮ǰСͷϵЩԵ̫
֤ھ۵;ϣѰѴﵽĿĸ߶ȡ
ʵҲȷˣս֮ǿʮСͷеϵˮ׼
֮ǰЩսʤһЩСͷðľ
ңڵһ֮ûˣ򡭡Ǻ˵ˣ
䣡
һײ쳹սʱѽϰٻغϣսҶѸͣȫӲӲ쵽˲޵޷׽սϸڡ

أһöȻϼĽ룬һֲ˼ٶȳѰȥ
в룡
룬ǿɱֶΡ

У磬â꣬ɲǼѣ봩գǧĽɫߣҪѰи
һ˲ȻЦ졢ҹ巡ĽЩСͷݣʶĿ¡
ǿ󣬿ϳ˶ʤ磬лвֵùעĽɫ
Ȼն˿ҲЩԾ֮ǰۣɱϾ磬ڶʤԡ
ڿһ۾вСĴڣ
ѰЩնаŵһ֮ò˵Եúܲҡ
ֻǺܿ죬ն͹˲ö룬»۵սڡ

âƮɫ˿иգһּ³̶ȣﲻơ
ϣɱѰɳֿȭֻȭð֮ŭο
һȭѹһɫ˿߱ϣɢ
ȫɵ
Ҿ˵ǣѰɹѹסⲹĹ
ս߶ݣֳ̬սħй֮޲
ù£սеЩˣطͺ𣬺ݺһ˦֡

еĽٿȻӳһֲ˼ٶȴ̴ѰȭȭͷһɺѪˮ
ͬʱһƱƥĴ̹˿ӣһ磬Ѱʶݺݴȥ
ǲ깥˽޵ߣڳ䲻֮±ػԴ
ȻѰҲˡ
ʲôħˣԶ𾪡
˶ĿһĻһЩѰֵǿߣ֪ѰǶôɲ
ڣȴ˵
Ĳ룬˿ɲ
˵طϹʱʧµֻǲƪ
һЩϱҲ޷ƽ
ɽЩСͷɫһЩѰгԹСͷҲЩɡ
ǿͬǵϡ
ʱ¶һĨ̬ܲЦݣԥݽ룬ȥô˻Ὺʼ
ҪѰѰΪѪΪīһѪɫޣ
һѪȳһ˵ļ֮С
ڲĴɱ£ѰעҪشģϾҪ֮ǰԸһΪԼĻƷ
ֻǣһն׼Ѱ͵һܵһǿҵĲͼ¶
ҲͬʱӭѰһԨӣĿڶһˣ


1057 ϲ
ѵû˵
ôܣ
룬һűʧ˱ɱ֮Ī⣬
ߣȻӵ걦Ҳش
ҲΪ޿ֿѰ̺͵
ֻǡ
˿̵ѰĿ⣬ȴʶγˣ
ԥӰˣ֮ƾޡ
ԴѰǰˣձ˵һɲȳ֡
䣡
Ѱȫһȭ϶Ȼŷ⣬ֹǿ죬ҲױȵĿɲ
һ˱ݺڵϣը飬Ѫɣ涼òһ¡
սɫ㵶𾪡
֮ǰΪѰܸˣҪѹƣɽգۣȴչϮ
Ǳһȭʵʵڵϵ˶еһۣһֱ̫ˡ
ò˵ķӦ֮֮ˣҵϺ˲ƣһʱͱˡ
ͬʱһɳ棬赲Ѱɱ
¡
ֻǣѰռסȻĻٵ飬Ӱǰ壬ٲȻвƥ֮ƣȭϣԵ
ۣ
ܿ죬һα䵽͵һѪ
ŭӣ˻УͲȫת
ϧȻһʧȥ뱻ѰȲεĴڶԣԲѹֵĻᡣ
һʱ䣬ͼսϣϱܣҴܣԵޱ֮Ǳ
Ѱ򲽲ƣһ׷ʹļƣɱҲ˲ѡ
˶ˣĿࡣ
һת̫죡
֮ǰ߻ɱ൱¡
ڣԭռһϷȴħ׷ŴǱģòǿ߶Щš
һԴ
ҹǳǷһĨ΢ЦԿ
Ҳ֪λⲹġ
ں棬Ѱתġ
ԭҲ򵥣ڲصС޷֣ѰʶУȴһӰ졣
ǿƥһСȫС׼ףѴ֮ͽ
ѰȻܵκӰ졣
ϧ֪һ㣬Ҳ˵ԲţűѰһռȻ
˼ʣϾ֮ɫ޵÷Ҳ÷
һСʧȴת䣬޲ԼͣʱôôСģ
飡
Ѱɱȭɨϡ
ħΪӮң棡
ٰ಻ס˻һ˲ͨ죬Ϣֲɽ㣬ɢ貵档
ָᣬ趯棬ֱҪ顣
飡
ѰԭڱصõһǱסˣһʶһҪƴˡ
¡
ͬʱٿȻһ䣬һͷ̣ƥ𽣬צڳ档
ݣգ߸ϣˡ
ԭԸǲмɱﵵģڣʶһѧ
䣬˫չһնȼҫۡ
ৣ
£գѸݵһֺ˵ĵز
Ѱܿԭλã͵زɲıըޱȣһʯ׹ǣˣ
һЩСͷƤֱʱǿ˲٣ʩչĳطĪ⡣
˾һϱԾЩš
ı֣˶һʶĴ
㣿ħҲ㣿ղ㲻׷ɱҺˬ𣿡
Ц
ѸͣÿһĪĻ꣬ٻգڱս
ѰˣʶٱѲܣľǰױѹ
䣡
ûгɣѰϢҲ͵رǣ֮ŭİ屻ޱת
ţ
ǿɫ΢䣬ħҲ
ңֱʱɲһĶУ
ΪΣ
ǲмͼı
˾֮ʣѰӰѱ𣬱󤲽Ųգһ䣬ͺӲһ
䣡
춯صײУŭޱȵļУôսǿ󣿡
ҲڴʱڿԺУ𽣬Ǳĵɣбͣ
ȫѻȸ
ɽŹսߣɽ۵һСͷһģŷ֣Ѱ֮ǰսУһֱ
˿չֳϢȸղǿһ࣡
ֲ˾ŭ˭һĻֻ¶ᾪŲɡ
ΪеƣҾûУ˵⣬뿪ս
Ѱǰڷ
˿̵иĺ̶ţħţӲӵĵ֡
ԭöУҲԻɱԷѰɲͷ̵̬ˡ
䣡
սϣսңֻǣսһηת
ѰռȨ׷ʹ򣬻ȭңúëҷɣŭС
ǡ⡣Ц춼סѰչֳЩ֪˵ʲôá
ɫҲܸ࣬ӣħÿÿϣҲ⡣
㹻̬˭룬ɲħǿѹƣ͵һͿ
Ǹ
Ľơƽ˼ˣкܲʹ죬ѰԽǿ衣
ԭֽ̭֮ܽҲ˭룬Ҳˡ
֪ˡԾʼ磬һֲֵģ
Ҳֻ˽Ѱս
ܲõƣ;ԲãԻĵ͵ﵽ쾡µĵز
ǹˣԭһּսԡһ۾ͱ˿ʵǿɾͲˡ
ͨ
սУѰְԵĹ£𽱻ݺڵϣȾѪ³Ѫգ嶼ڲڡ
ͱѰһڱϣزڵϣ޷
ˡ̾Ϣ
ʣνǿ֮ǰջʤһЩСͷҪһЩ
ȴ˲ƵħҰܡ
ɽŹս߽֮࣬Ϊ֮ϧһ־ͱѹСͷϵעҪΡ
Щǿһɫѿ˫ĿֱԭǿɼϣܹСͷǰʮģ
ڡ
ڣ̧ͷܣһطʽѹѰĽ£á
ϲϲᡣ
Ѱڣ˵һ˶еĪĻʲôʱˣ˵ֳĻ
ǾˣͼѰһ𽣬˫ֲãͽԷһëǹ⡣
ڴ˹УòѪŭѣעͽ͡
ëͱι⣬һӨѩʮɳ
ʳġѰ̾



1058 
߷ˡ
һĵʥӣ磬̤ۣδܹ裿
Ŀ֮£ͬ콾ǰȴ˽̤ϣǹ𣬻ͺͺģֱѡɱ
ǵģɱ
ڲɽϣǲģ䱻ĥԡķʽ˳
ʲôˡʲôû˼ˡ
֮裬һȥԺţҲעΪ۵㣬ΪЦ̧ͷ
ֻǣ׼жȴ͵ط֣±һɻɬ˵ɱһָͷ̧
ǰ½
֮ǰǱĥܣΣѰˣ
¾ɱҲУ
ħҪҳΪУڲɽǷֲģ̫ԺͲʮ
дŤв
飡
Ժ͵رһǣǰֱðǣӻķۡ
Ѱƽ
һûԹᣬһһԡ
һÿѪ̬Ҳֻĥ֣ħ񡭡
ҪΪʳ
Ѱûаɣ˵ɾ͸ɣŶУͽ֧ʮɾ޴
һԳͺͺģӨѩףʺܷ
ѰǴ߷ˮ֮۳ˮϵѪϴһ飬Ӵָһͭì
ڴ˹У۵òȥཻڴˣĵ߳ܺͷߺ
һħʲôò㿾԰ɣ
ͷԷ£оܲʵ
䣡
һھĿע£Ѱ籡棬õ֣ؿʱתһͭìպˡ
찡һʥӣʳˣ谡
ɽţһЩ۾ˣ޲óȥѰƴ裬Ҳ̡
ͷƤ飬۾ֱˣϿֲΪһʥӣ磬ȴȻΪʳ
Ѱܿ죬ԾƷǺӡտЧԿƾˡ
Ƭ̣һͱյýŨ֬ڻУ͵
ǣϻ籡ϼԣһ˵սɢ
ʻǲһ㣡
ѰһҲЩ⣬㾹ǳϵ
ԷӶԣһڶ٣ڴ󲹵Ĺ屦
޵߶ԣܳһڴѪ⣬ҲԺͿʳ鵤ҩûʲô
޵֮ɾøݡ޵ѪǺ͸
Ũ磬ϻвȻϼ磬޵߶̲סʿˮ
֡ʳġĵرĴ֮
ʱôڿѪץˣĶҪŭ
ѰȴȻᣬԹԿ⡣
տֽ꣬ضһצϴ̸ɾֿʼˡ
ħ㲻ú
ɽţǿ߶ôУҲҪץˡ
ԸϵͳĹս߶һһԾȴΪһտ硣
Ҿͷսϣ˭ˣֻ¶Ŀɿڴ
Ǹֶεħ񣡡
Ѱ޵ߣһľëȻһλ̤۵콾ʳ°Լ
ЩСͷǣҲɫ죬һĻ
ʵ̫ˣΪħһң˭룬ħ񣬲ĵù
磬ȻܻţԺĻ̧ͷ˭һ뵽Ϊħʳǳɱ߳ˡ
ۣ
ŭģܵĥ̲סһѪ۾һֱ˹ȥ
þ콾ľ֮ǿȴֻû˸ˡ

һɹӿ֣ս
ǸձѰצҲߣԭһٵѰһ㶣ź̾ôҪʳҿһڶûƷء
˶ħѵһԻ
ʵѰȷûгԵ˼ֶֻͨΣӸˡ
ৣ
Ѱɽ۵̳ϣڵϣڴ˿̶ɴ
һϡ
һԲصĽ
ܹϣֻצڴ˿ֳðĽɫ󣬺βλӳ
˿̣ɽϵСͷѰĿУһĨɵ
֮ǰչֳǿսСͷжҵһֶԾûˡ
мСͷȷƴȫҲܾˣҪȡʤѡ
ҿħѹס
̭ˣµȴǸɲħ
вɺѰӲӲӦ֮˵̡֮
ħĿǰʩչˮִȭƷҲܳսʤ롭
µǣûжһУĵƣĽ𣿡
ЩСͷи˼ͣĬĬŸղһԾϸڣԴӡ֤ͶԱȡ
ν֪֪ˣſ԰ս
Ѱǿ󣬿ͬҲӵиԵֶκ͵ƣǰҪǵǣѰЧѹ
һսʷħ񻯽ⲹһϣˣʵܵӰ졣
Ц졢ҹ巡ĽơЩСͷǵĸࡣ
ʵ൱£Ӱʤؾͻ档
һ뵽ʱʩչ˾ռƵ£ɱѰϮѹǾЩĥ͸ˡ
ʱѰս˲һǰĵز֮ǰⱣʵʹĳּǱܵط
ӣԻеƣգǵóһۣǿѰĿ΢ˡ
ǿ󲻿£µǿ͸ǳ
ɣЩСͷУѰ֮ǰչ¶ʵǵľͼɵ
Ȼ⵹η壬ҲԼ̺͵ƣԾʱ޷ѹѰ

ʮ˳Ծʼսǰ³
յ蹦Ķ־ͱѹûͷѵò䡣
³ǿǿƺƶֵսֶΣҲǾһص°͡
˭Ҳû뵽֪ĸɽܳҰˣһߡʥ;ײ
ѾǵһֵһԾ
ʮλСͷϵľһֵԾʤΪʮˣ̭ͬҲʮˡ
̭ߵϻõĴ˵Ķ٣Լսеı
ʤߣҪʼеڶֶԾ

ڵڶֶԾʼ֮ǰѰʮλСͷͷϿգƮһƬɫͷףӨˮӰԡС
ǲɽеġꡱ


1059 Ϭ
ܹ꣬޵˲佫ƺĻָ۷״̬
֮ǰڵһֶԾʼǰ꽵٣Ļȥ׿콾Ҳס
ѰΪĻָҲпⲻɽĹίʵ죬Ʒ˼
һѰʼ˼ĶԾ
һֶԾʮλ콾ѾСͷǰʮ
֮ĶԾľǰʮλá
Ⱦɻպͼ
ϾСͷϣѾ֮ףܹӵһֶԾӱĽɫǶޱȵĴڣ
ȻҲ⣬ͼ䵹ù˽ħҹ巣ܱͬѰ
˵սЩСͷǰʮӦûġ
棬Ҳʵһ֣
һ콾ǿҲⲻɽϣΪ˶ƴһˡ
οˣܳ
ڶֶԾÿСͷսĻᡣ
սʤߣעǰéԽնԾ
ʤһߣͨڶֶԾҲ̫ǰ
һʤߣ̭ķעܴ󡣡
ս԰ߣעᱻ̭
Ѱ˼ŵڶֶԾĹ
˸ߣɽĹѰѹڶԾĹӡϣһ֪ᵽ
մ˹Ծ˭עֻܹӮĶս
ÿ˶ԾĻֻΣֻһѡֵĻᣬʣΣᱻȥܱ˵սһʹˡ
Ѱૡ
ȷܴ󣬾ͺñѰȻȥѡս
ͬ˳ҲѡѰս
ͺȥжϣԼĸˡ
ȻҲԾܾ˵ս
ܾҪ۵ģÿܾһΣԼϵĴˣͻᱻԷȡһ֣
ǱҪ˭עѡܾϾ֮ף˭ó
Ѱ˼ʱСͷҲķ
ڶֶԾȷ̫󣬱Ҳ̫˭ҵӡ
Ѱ
Ѱ
Ѱ

ԽĽơƽա˶ԣ׹Ժ뵽ĵһս־Ѱ
ǳڲͬԭ򣬽ѰΪУ޲ýɱ
侲֮ȴЩԥ
ĿѰɽʱıּ֣֤ѹһսõҲѰսɺͼɵѡ
ڵڶֶԾУսĻֻһΣζԾ˱
ΪֹĽǵǣѡܹʤĿ
ô죿
ڶֶԾĹؿ湻ġ
ˣʱӦˡ
лȥսħǾ͡ս
Ľĸ˼죬˲ͬľʱƣܹߵһĽɫûһˡ
գ˭ҲûһȫĴ㡣
Ѱ
ΪڶֶԾĹ򣬱ʵ̫˭Ҳ֪˭һҲ֪˭ս˭
£̶ֻܴӦ䣡
Ľˣô˻ѹѰɵڶֵĶԾֻΣһѰϵġ
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ܶûкѰԾĻᡣ
ɽ£һڹսҲڷգҲͷ۲ѡ
̫

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ˣĽɫ΢䣬ħһעѡеһԾͲ룡
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˱ܿĿ⣬ΨֱѰѡС
ѰĿ⿴ĽʱߣбɭȻĽâ
Ŀ⿴ʱɫ䣬ӿֳ˵ĳ֮ɫ
ƽʱԷɫĮǷһĨưĻȡ
Ѱ΢ͣһ£ջŲƿĿ⣬ڹϡ
ӣ֣¶΢ЦٻԼĳƵġ
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ѰѡУкܲѵУԼһӣ
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֮ǰġɽУ֪콾˺ǲбѪȵսֶΣս߼̡
䣡
һ̤սͳѰ಻סɱһҡ
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ն
У֪ʱһѪɫ⵶գһڤѪӣϯ
¡¡
ѪʢϣɭԵɱŰ˷ơ
ǿ
Ǳ޴Ȼֲޱߣ
ϢĿž⣬渦һѶǿֶΣȻ˽Ѱս̽ͱá
ʩչһЩֶˡ
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ĻҪ֮ŭİͺűİת²ɣ̫ס
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1060 ն֮
ޣѪȼѪȡ
֮Уֳһޡҹ桢ħӰأǡ
㱼䣬绯ڤףٹս߶Ĳѡ
ѰӰ飬ױǻԣһҹǺٲϯ£Ե޼᲻ݡ
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ħһпĪ⣬Ѿˮ֮еزÿһа޼᲻֮ҿӦЦ󡣡
ʵܾãħֺγ˷У
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ѰʼԶжԵУ伫ͰԵսֶȴƺԵùڵһ
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ˣҲҪ汳
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սϣ޾Ѫ⸲ǣҡΣĺ
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ǹԱЩСͷ𶯣ֹ
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1061 
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ĿһĻҲ͵һһϸ鲻Խ߬սϡ
ȻѰģһȴ޷ǡ
ֶιڱӣ֮һСͷ񣬼ֱұ衣ҹüȻһĨ
ֻСͷ֮Ҹƾֶξǣɹȴ飬ҹ巿úܲ˳ۡ
޼ɵ޵ߣչĹȻûһöϧħҲ̭ĶԾɾЩζЦһ̾
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칷ǽ塢ĺƫƫܹڹŻԭкܶࡣ
Ҫһڣ֮޲ر׶񼫣ֹԵ˺ݣԼݣ
ս㹶ˣѾԺֻҪһշ飬ֻ¶ûԸָĲбɫȥˡ
쿴ħ񾹻ţ
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1062
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б˲ռǲŽа׳գ
ʵԴԵˣ˭ὫõĻṰã
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ƽһλս¾Ǻʹ۷״̬ħԾҲܼɱһʱ̡
ΣȴϡͿؾͱɱˣ



1063 ħǸƭ
ƽܵĵȷͦԩ
һʼսûеǱʶѾѰһ֮˿
֮ص͹
ڵɱʱһַµ״̬С

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϶Ǳشûбһնɱһգױŭˣ˻еħǸƭӣһֱڿң



1064 ǰ
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Ѱһ߷ɽۣһ˵ˣУˣֻûôضѣսֲҹģܽп𣿡
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ȥ̭Ĺ桢սܵƽͬλСͷȫ̽䡣
ܹսʤֻˣֱѰЦ졢ҹ巡Ľơ
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ѰںĶԾУʤֶȴ˷飬ʶܵ˺ܶ಻ΪʸһеľУ



1065 춯
һʧ䡢ŭͻȥǨˡ
޵Ҳ⡣
ѰĴڣЩͶӵҵйڣ׷׳ָ
ӵСͷǰĵʸȴܲҫô顣
ף޷ǿѰ۰ˣɣһˣûЩϵͳɵķ
ɴҲɼɸϵͳѿصĹŻУһҪǺε֮ѣ
ѰĿһĻȻЦˡ
ɽ۵̳ϣˣһ̬رüǿƣ˶ӹţ˳ϲۣѰһ·̤ʬɽѪ̶Ѩҽӵ֮һУؿɼ¿ѣ
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ԾЦģݾӨ촽Өԡ
ѰһУʡ
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ʱҲһ˿˽֪ħ˫Զ
˭֪һ½߳ˣΪˣ˶Ѫ
ⱣߣѰ˳ˡ
Ľڴ˿͵ڣѰִ㻹ǲҪ˵ˣԾʱСı
ƾҲ䣿
ѰɫĮˣҲ˵

Ľɫһ
ͬʱɽͨ콣ڵ޵ɫҲһӣףֱɱ
ѰǷһĨͻȣᣬܵסУ䣡
ȫ𶯡
У
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ȻЦ졢ҹ巶ü
ããã
ĽŭЦŷͨ⣬кâ䣬ҵţ
湻ŵģװһų޵еʱֻҲ˵ȴ󻰡
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֮ǰѰı֣У䲻Ը⣬ȴòϣ͹Ѱ
ƽĲҰܣһ˿
ǳԾѰħսȻ֣Ѱǳһֱ׿͸
սħ֮磬Ǹ繵֣ȴ㵨죬Ŀ⣬𣬱ذ޾ˡ֪Ҫǳ¶ˡ
뵽⣬նǰδеļᶨʦáܺմϹϵ

һ֣չСͷ嵽ʮ֮ĶԾ
ܼ򵥣һһԾ֮ʧܵλСͷձ˴˵Ĵ˶٣ԴλеڰˡšʮΡ
ʤλСͷֱҪ˽жԾճɼг塢ߵΡ

ԾܿͿʼȫע
ֻǶѰЦ졢ҹ巡Ľƶԣѿ̨ڹۿԾʱľԺܳȻ
Ц졢ҹ巽Գôʱ䣬޴緢һС
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¶ֱá츳ߡǼѣռƵĶ֣ڷܺŬ
Ҳˣǲܹڵ;ӵɣѰ˼
һһεĻۣ޷ıʲô
ɵ۵һ̶ȣעжʯɽٴɺ֮ʱ
˴Сͷ֮ԾҲСѰףΪЦҹ巻˿Լ
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ͬʱɽ֮ϣԴ޵Ц졢ҹ巽ӦѰ߿
Ѱϵս⣬Ц絶ȻһĨ
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ĽҲע⵽һĻΪͬʸ񾺶ǰľȻѰϢ仯һʵս⡣
ĽƺܲмѰ֮ǰԣҪ֮ڽܣ̬Ľ裬̣
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Ҳסɫ粻ıܴ
ԭѰѹһͷг裬ȴֻӵڰλĸܽܣ
Ѱˣ΢΢һ֮࣬ںɽʱ˴һۣմˣֻʥøԴҳһ콾ˣ
Уһ˿м
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죬ʲô
˶һͫţ˼ؿһĻڲڡ
ʥĹϢίʵھˣ


1066 
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˴ͣĿ࣬Сͷ֮ϣɴӲ˾˵
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Ц죬һսջ֮󣬵˫ţעΪȥ
ҹӰһѳսУӰͦ罣һϮ죬ɢһɳĳʢ⡣
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ЦЦһӰһ磬սҹңңš
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ħҹ巣ֻתս磬һ⺮ǧݣһλĽţҫսޱɽҹδࡣ
Ц죬Цᵶءĺ֮֮ħҹ已Ѷá
߱ġ˫;˫Ҳûʲô
⣬ҲߵһչԾ
۳ɰܣһս֮עҪֳһߵͣȫ¹ע
˭˭Ӯ
Ѱڴ
ƶĹҪڵڶġ̨Ծʶô˻ᣬǿԿһЦҹ巵ĵ̾жǿ


1067 鵶
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ĵˡѩããһǺٲգϯǬԾ˫
顱ȡ֮⣬ֻ־𺳣Ҳ䵶Ե˼£û˱֮

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ȷСͷеڣҫۡʵһԾǡĺ˻ģ
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Ȼϱݺݾһѣһʱпǧ⵱ʱ򣬶ǰ̫࣡
羹λţǡ˫ǣʤԺ֮УҲע˵һϯ֮ء
꣬๲
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ѰૣҲ
սֽ棬ҲеѪڣţƾһɿսĳ嶯
Ц֮аԾǬ֮֮ƣ䣬ǿľô򣬾ͻᱻ塣
Ѱӿ˼ĹעսϸڣԺڷɿݣԼ˶ԾָõΡ
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Ϊ˵ƾǳߵͣѾﵽ¯ࡢշĵĵز
Ҫǣȥսһ
ƾݺͶԱȣע޷óһȷеĴ𰸡
뵽⣬ѰһԺҲ֮óγž̺͸޳
ٿսϵĶԾʱѰľѴһֳȻ
Ц졢ҹǿĿĵزɡӰ
С
С
ŰС

̨ϣսңֱɱذѽѷ֣Ǭ֮䣬ǵݺײ
羪ڤĵʮ
ԡ󡭡㾪֣ӳĵڶݾ֮ս
һƾеĶԾ˭ȡʤԵ쳣֮ѣ
УѻȸĿⶼ
һЩʵ֮Ϊ崣ܵⳡԾĸţ̲סѪɡ
Ҳ޵ڹսж򣬻ǳ֮Уϲ
һԾȴ˶鷢ȷԵúܷ˼
ҲɼһԾǺε֮ͳ
磬עŻĴĴ䶯
ֱսһǧغʱЦҹ巶Щϸиˡ
˶ս־ɼ£ɱ˥󣬷ǿʢ
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ְֹɣսȥҲܾ˵Ľ֡
Գ棬£еЦҹ巾ͱֿŲƳսظԵɽۡ
˴㵣
ö˶һԾȴӲֹ̫˲ʹˡ
һЩ޵вʱȴǸŭԡ
ѰȴԵͷҲսȥҲעֲʤΪ˵սһˮ׼вҲֻǼϸ΢Ĳ𣬸޷Ӱʤ
ѵãѱӣС
ɽţնҲпһˣʵ̫ˣЦ졢ҹϣܵһּϵĽȸС
Ц죬վֻСͷ֮޷ʹһսеȳȥ֮ѡһأپʤΣ
ɽۣҹڣ쳹
а㵽ʱ򲻸ҸԼЦЦ
ҹüɹЦŶѹʱϣ㻹ſ񣡡
˾һе޵Уԣ˭Ҳ˭࣬˸п

һӣͷ׵ҹ巡ЦԡС
ΨоǰСͷܹܵĴΪǲӰĶԾ

ڶѰˡ
Ķ֣ͨ콣ʮ֮׵ġĽƣ
˶Ծս߽Էˡ
ħ֮ǰҪ֮ڻܽĽƣǧʳԣ
˴Уֲ´
ԣ˵ˣвӮ䣬ҵȵҪħƾʲô˵˴󻰡
УϣΨ²ңſѰЦ
ϾղĿ˵˫֮ĽλﶼɱԷֳʤͬʸǰĽĽƣᱻоʹܣ
ӣɾͰʯͷҵԼĽˡ
ϱǿߵɫ
³УɤըףЩѻҽлиɷЩѻ
ԾѲ̲סۣҰ˵Ҳ̫ˣڹ̼Ѱ
³Ҳ˵Ծѵ˼Щһ²ѰҲܲζ޲ѰֱӻܽĽƣȥЩֵļһ
ѰЩЦ¡ڿƻȻԹƮȻսϣɫƽ
ͬʱĽҲˣֻɫȴԵø䣬罣ѰǲǸоܺڣ
Ѱ֮ԼƣǶһ裬ȻſѰֵ˼ȴȴôҲ˲
ΪҪڣѰʡ
ߣڤ粻飬ܻңұ֤Ժ󵫷ѰֵĵطҾжԶ뿪Զ
ĽԴͱˣֹҪ䣬ҪҵǸΪĳԲѷ
ãѰӦĲ˼⡣
̬ȣ򱻽Ľһֿҧһǵ˲֪ĵز
ϣ
һȼɢֲƵ齣֣ĽС

ͨ콣ڹű֮һʤպ֮һ
һ֣ĽΪ֮һ䣬һľڴ˿̳ʣâƲ㣡
ɣҼʶʶħĵƣ
ĽԴնУӿ˵Ľ⡣
һϮۣڷƮƥһҫۡ
ǰһǽĽƣٸһЩʱɳܻΪڶף޵֮£
ȶ֣ħ˵оܻܵĴ󻰣˶еܻ
⣬


1068 һȭ
ĽƮ裬ڷ
ڻ棬ӳĵһɱĽٳƥƣϱǿ߶ݡ
ӽŶʮɣӵ裬ףҲˣ
ħҪˣ˵УһСһǧУֻ¶ܻܽĽơ
ӣͨ콣ʮ֮ף
̾ԱĽչֳƾ޵
ô
ҹЦ졢Ծѡ³
աƽ϶
һСͷҲڽע
˰ͲѰԼԼ
Ҳɻ£Ѱĵ֮ھȡʤ
Ŀ֮£ѰֽһͷԺ󣬶ɣɫƽȻ
ֻǣһԨĺУȴѾŨҽŷս⡣
ţ
⡭
Ѱ֮Ķϣȴһǿ֮Ϣӿ֡
㱼䣬Ѱһˣ֮ǰƽͳ
ͦӰϣһɽΡİԵ֮ƣ˫ؼ䣬âӿ
ңϵϢ
ɲĴԨڴ˿̾ѣȻת
죡
ĲԸоѡ
һ̵ѰԵùڲͬ
˵֮ǰĶԾУһ󿪴ϵļ⵶Եǿƣҡ
ôʱϵΨ֮ƣųʢɫ⣬Եÿֲޱߡ
һħ񣬾̵ʱŷ¶Լ̣
Цҹһ̾
һ֮ǰһֱʵ
һЩս߼ѵĭɫ쳣ʡ
ǰħȫ֮ǰˣ˭֮ܿǰ϶һֱڱս
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աЩСͷҲɴ۾ɫ粻һŭӣŵӡ
ӣ湻̵ģ
ɽţٹϵͳǿ߶ݡ
Ծˮǳ
գһ湻ڵģڲչ¶̣³ֽС
ĽɫҲ΢䣬ת˵Ľâֲֻǣýڻң
˻һԭ𾪵˲١
ȷħǿ󣬿վҲֻ־ľСͷΪͬˣĽĿжס
뵽⣬ɡ
ͨ콣ڵЩǿߣ¶Цſ֡
ܡѰͷƽݣ˵һѰ顣
˿̵Ͷ㣬ӿ֣뵣ףִɽӣ򽮵Ĵǡ
ıòһˣ
ɫһ̵Ѱħ֮ƣԶԶһеѹ֡
ĽŭЦнңңָѰһһٵһԼԼ
ϣ
̲סˣȻ潣⣬ѹգĻ
һֹǰҡһȻĴ֮ƣ籬Ҫƿ֮ħϣն鷮㣬ɢֱĵ
ӹɣĽڽһֳޱȵĵزһԳһλ޵޵зɡ
ͬҲԿܸѰܹлԼڶʱûκα
һҫǬȫ
˾޵һһЩСͷеļ£𶯲ѡ
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ߣֵֻܳɣ
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䣡
ֻǣһȭԵ̫죡
һ֣˲ѣػɽѡշٻԨ䡭
ֳݡ١ĩۡ
صͰ壬һ˲һȭ֮ڣʱõһȭӯһ
ƿɺ죬ѣ
һȭ
ںϺűһȭˮ֮еǣƽ޼᲻ݵĴǡ
¡
һȭգ֮ղɵ缤ýĽ̸ܵһϢоѣ궼ܵӰ졣
ɫ䣬һȭһֲ֪εֵĴһֻϣ֪ζ֮ܲצĸǡ
͵ҧ⣬ʱѹ͵ʶԼĵľԷȭ㣡
һУԷ˲䡣
Ľıʽʱ
䣡
ͼټսϣһһȭǿԵײһ֮䣬ֽ¡¡ݡ
ԡŷɢֲ˼£Ҳҵ˼¡
֮ǰĶԾԲͬ
ս˫Ҫ֮ڶʤʶһʩչĽǸԵɱﵣǵƺͻעҲòͬ
УһЩ޵ûսϸڣ۾ʹܵˣ
ŵŵš
̳УĽƵ岻ܿƵˣֻоһȭڣҰںֱײ㷴תÿһѪ⣬ʹ
ɲǼѣһתҪʵĸо
ȫɵۣǣһĻ塣
֮ǰǻ˼⣬ѰǷܵסĽ⾪һתۼ䣬Ѱһȭʹݿ࣬˽Ľƣ
ת̫죬һ˲ô˶ΪۻˣһС
ۣ
УĽãվûסпѪɫ΢΢԰ס
ѰӰԨsţȻΨ°ɫƮҷ
˶궯ɫȻڸȷһǽĽˣ
⡭ôܣ
۾ɵùԲĿࡣ
ǿһȭҹ己۾Ժзɿղŵϸڣɫࡣ
춯أ޿ƥУȭ̺İǿˡЦૣԼͬأҲʼݴϸڡ
һЩϱǿҲݣǵĿ⣬ȻһȡɿԣȫӲӲ
Ľȴˣ֤ħҪǿһ
һε͹𣿡նɫ䷺һĨ
֮ǰŴ֪ѰսѾ㹻߹˭룬ʵǳϣ
սϣĽɫɣһŵģ
һа
ȫԸȴǷζţħھ۵;ϵĳɾͣǿһ
ǵĹۿʲôħɣ֮ǰͷ̣ǲǱˣ
Զ³Цڣ˻ᣬвӵĵ
ɽţɫѿ
ͨ콣ڵǿߣ޲˺Ұ˵졣
ֻһжѣΪͿԻʤ
ͨ콣һ߱俪ڣд裬©˵ħܹڻʤǲŽЦ
˻һ˲ٷϣǳѰĹϵͳǿߣȻվѰһߡ
ײĲᣬǣԼԼˣ³Ц
ˣ
ĽƱȣɫÿ£ΪĽޣԲ鷢
ȻѰǿȷҵϣעӮң



1069 齣
ĽƵĻѰɫΨеսңҪٻٲ񷣡
֮ǰһԾУΪ˲Сͷ͸ԼǳȷһЩɱﵺ͵ơ
ղŻ˽ĽƵĺһȭ
ɲյǿƣ
ʶβã޷ӰѰľ
֮֮ͨڣ޲ն
糱ˮĽУĽƶȻӿգ
˽¯
һȣ֮շٻ¯Ž۳һĽ֮Ѱնɱȥ
齣
ʧС
˶ϳͨ콣Ͻ֮һʹѽеĴ齣
˽ϽĺĴУÿһϣɱ
⡰¯ǰ쾭γ̻֮һУƾ
Ϲʱͨ콣ƾ˽¾˲֪ٸǿߣӮá桱ƺţͨ졣
Ľһ仹δﵽͨ콣ǰֲزɷ۵һľСͷУ㿰ƾƥ
Ȼǽħҹ巣ɶ컯һҲһУܵĿֲ
¡
һδսȴ绯һڻ¯ȼյ⣬ɱ޾
ֲ
Ű
Ծ
ڶУĽѶǿֶΣǿ
У˽Ժһϡ
Ծѡ³ɫ΢䣬ܵ˻Ŀ¡
աƽЩҲһ嵽òϣĽȷʵޱȵǿ
ͬʱҲڴħ񣬻ȭͷһ
ͨ콣ǿи¶ܡڴ֮ɫ
Žٹһ죡
ͬʱѰͦܣֳһһӰ
ѩ׵ı󤰺ס͵ĸײա̤ɽӶϵ⥡
ţ硢Ρ£
ޣѰգ죬Կ죬ɢӳĵѰһ
һĻ̫صϹʱ͸ɫĿֲ֮
˺Ȼһ亹ʲô̬֮
ն͵бŭ֮ɫӣսű䣿
ԣű䣬̫Ƿ壡
Ľᣡ
أأأأأ
ͬʱսϣߵĹײһ𣬲ҡء𵴰˻ĵĿɲ
ܹ¯Ľ顢ը貵Ĺ׷ɣķ
ս֮Ӳϵĵ淺ܼĹֳ
⣬һֱɫĮͣ˿Ҳݣ˹Ļǲɽһ־Ȼܹܵ˻ܵĿ֮
¡
Ӱչָתۼ䣬Ѿ¯иƳĽƸǶ¡
ĽëȻɫ䣬ôܣ
˼ʣһֱе֮У޿ӣ޿ɱܣ

ŭ𣬼еĺݾȫת˲±ŷ޾
䣡
ײڱֻǰʹ޷ӣͬʱһɿֲޱȵĺ֮֮ɢȫ
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һӣɢνսನɢ֮ܵꡣ
ɴ˿ɼ˴ײܺεȱ̬

˲ž긦ĿսֻѰӰԭز棬Ľͬ˿
һѵƽɫ
꣡
ͷոͷһϸܵĹнĽдžķΧԵ쳣̶
·ڲܵƻ
󡪡
һںȻĿע£Ľƻ͵һʮѪ
ÿȳһѪһ£ëʳһѪȾ
ʮѪ֮ѻһѪˣ죬Ŀģ
Ѱɫ
⡭
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̫˼ˣ֮ǰĶԾУĽƺǿʩչĸŻĴ齣塣
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һ뵽ѰղʩչķţǾͷĿֲһĻ޵߽Ǳ
ʲôУ
˿ֲ
ҹ巰Եͷ˵֮ǰֻǶѰͣô˿̣ٲȻѾѰӵĶ֡
ƺһĴУѵһﻹһʲôԨԴЦ츧°ͣ˼⡣
ѽű嶼ˣնеŭ֮ɫŨңٲ֮ǰ򶨺
ƣѰմط޷Ƶġ
ܣ
ɽţͨ콣ڵǿ߽ܻ޷һĻɫԵ쳣֮ѿ
֮ǰǻڴĽƷѰ˭룬ڶеĶԾУĽɱˣܵش
žžžžžž湻۵ġ
³ֿʼȺˣɽЩǿ߱ףɱ˵ĳ嶯ˡ
ԾӨĴǹһĨĵЦ⣬ڣһ˿ɵĽ
ͲնޱȵĿ⣬һü͵ʶʲô
ҡͷԸᡣ
ű䣬׵۹Ͻʦڣǵ¹˭ܶѰ˵ʲôǣ
ֻǣԾҲû뵽ѰĽ㴫еİظˡ

սϣһɳɳĦӽĽƴ³
̧ͷԭŭӴ˿ʢȼյһǳ
ȾѪɫ԰ףһ̣ڳ˽Դϸܵһľơ
ǵѣԴ˿̵ĽĽƣԲòϣһ佾ǿҫ۵ľ콾
ִŶᶨǣ˭޷ݡ
ͬԽˣԽеѰĿ£Ľƶ˾ޣȴнԵúܿɲ
ƾǺ־Ľǰ֮УȻ
һ̣ЦҹҲͬ˽ĽƵǿ
ȴýĽһ㶼˲
ʣ
޷ܣ
ܲϧ㲻סѰҲڣ˵ĻȴԵЩĪ
޵𶯣ƲµʲôѵܵĶף
ÿħ
ҲýĽɫŭĽⶼȼհ㣬ӱˡ
ֻǣڣѰѷһΣҲһУ
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ӨõĶӳƻɬڳǧ貵ɫǻԡ
ȫеĶڴ˿̣Ծֹ
ܹܵѰƷӣϣǬ֮Ψһ𣬸һƣͷƤ顣
Уڴ˿Ϣš
ûзһ·еȫһĨâϣõһֳһＫطļžУ
˻ӳжжǿ



1070 նһŴͷ­
ܵѰһɢƣսеͬ콾еһͷƤ飬Ȼʧɫ
ϱǿҲ𶯣򶨡
׾
ϣ
⾲ûһ˿һȫ
ѰĽĽƸҪֱۺǿңһ˲жһֿյС
һ˲ʹѣǱǰδе侲
һҪ
ĽһԤУֻҪܵסһֹǿѰ˴ζԾҪǣٴͻƣ
һɲĽɫ쳣֮ׯ棬ĵ̰գԹޡ
ڣյİ壬ȻȻת˼¡
뵽һľء
ɱ֮ǰȻ
ţһﵹ˲ãȻҪڴʱ˿̽ͻƣ
һɲвǿע⵽˽ĽϢı仯¶ݣԽԽ֤ĽƵ츳Ǻε죡
һ죬ӿ̫֮Ҫҫ̫࣬Ľƣ죬Կȶһռͷ
һλ˲½ڴ˲˶Сͷ֮½ӣɻûһ죬ܹǰһᲢۡ
ͬʱѰҲһ˿ɫ
ĿһѪħ־ڴ˿̽ڻۣս⡣
УԴĶУڴ˿ӳ
ҲͬʱĽҲˣ̿գ⣬ܻһ޵Ӱ֮ڣԶ֡
ǣնĶУһУͬ裡

̶ıУһ֮ƽԱ飬зâֱĽƵͷն¡
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ҲͬʱĽƸܵͻƵͽգ߾ȫֵ
ԶԶȥһ⣬һͨĽ⣡
۾ʹ¶һĻ𺳡
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ȽĽһͨ콣⳹ȴڰ;Ȼر飬׷ɣһƬҡ
һԶڶǰ㼤ңȴԵ쳣ֱӡ͡ģ
ս߶ûնģʶҲ޷֪ĽƾǷסһ
ԭֻһ֣죡
ױȵĿ죡
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Ӯˣ
ħ֮ԼѹϽڣ
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ͻһĻóеȻֹһӱš
ˣ
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⡭
ԭԿϲͨ콣ǿߣ٣˿̶һֱƹĸоǰڣôܣ
޷ܡ
Ľ֮ǿͨ콣֪ڶĵУһֱھȺۣռһ
ڣȴڵˣ
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ĽܹӵоǰʸҲòڣĽȴ֮ھͱɱ
һĻ̫гǶǣɫ𲻶
Ȼ˶֪ⲻɽϣ͵Լ֤£Ľǲܳȥġ
ȴ޷ģǷ磬Ǻֱ룡
ʹ죡ɽЩѻǣһ˵һ
³ЦˣַӳһڵܣɽЩѰĸͳǿ߽ԼѪҪץ
³˵öԡԾѺغͬȻ⻰Ҳֻڶ˵˵ɲ뷸ŭ
ϣ
Ѱջ˶Уת뿪ս;У⸩ɽɨһȦǷһĨļڽȡ
䲻ڣȴһǶݺݳЩѰڵǿϣǻܡ
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߷߶ŭ
֮ǰ˭ѰܹڻܽĽƣʵǣѰֹܶԷնԷ׼
ɺԼԼûʲôˡ

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ɣʵȴĵ룬õҲһַ֮С
ѰҲòϣĽƵȷܼ֣һΣѶ֮ŭͶսʥսѹˣ֮ڣעѻʤ

һƬ貵ѰԡУĵڼ֮ͱָط۷״̬
ͬʱһɽۣĽҲԡ꣬Ҳ
ֻǣüȴһĨ֮ȥ𺣬䵱Ŀ⿴ѰʱгӡзŭвʣҲȻ
ȻϣľȴûдӸղŵĴлָ
Ͼ͵ڡһΣ̶ʱڣ˴˭Ҳ޹Ұ
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ĽƵĶЦ죬ߴʱѾսУڣĽƣҪҪһЩʱȹ񣿡
ˣ
Ľɫ䣬һԺս
֮ǰڴ˱ɱŲƬ̣һεϣľЩȹ̵ļ
ȷ
Цüµ㣬ӰħϣһսӰ쵽սӣעҵĶ֡
˻һȫ̾ѡ
ˣҲνɽĽȴնܵˡĴӰʱڣܻ⡣
£ȷ˿ǡ
Ц̹ķȣҲۣ룬û֮ǰƽѰûǰ㣬ҲԽĽƳû١
˵ˣˣ
Ľб⣬ңóȫʵҶԾ򣬾˵ϻ
ЦǵŭЦãͳ仰ұ֤顣
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ųԺЦԾĽĽƣѰвⰵһ̾׿в̸һﵹҲв֮ǣֻǿϧƫƫͬһɡ



1071 Уұص
͹ͣԷִԲһζҪԼΪУԺʱѰɲˣԽĽʴȡ
ѰϥأһԶսϵսһ֮ܽǰս顣
֮ǰСͷʼһֱ
ǵɽɽʱĳɱڵһ֡ڶеһԾԲѰ׷Ӽ
С治Сƽͱ϶ҲͬУ
Щǵһһľ콾
ɶѰԣ߱в
ΨиղںͽĽƶԾʱױֹ֮ŭսʥҲϡ
ңűű峹׷ӣ
ǰѰʩչ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҳһʱ䣬ƾ衰Ԫ֮顱طľ賹ײ
űͨؾɲ⣬ȭƵİһ𣬾ռܡ
һȭ
ȻΪһȭѼǿ󣬿Уһȭܺ˷ɱ˺ɡ
ڽű䣬Ǵ׵۹ʦеľűϲá
˹Уһġ١֣һֱѰʶС
ʱ˹꣬Ҳǿű֮ȫա
ҲʱѰŷ֣ű䡱֮һãܹܡ
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1072 Ծħ
ѰһҹһЦ
罣ء
ħ˵Ҳ㣬ܽһܣԺ󵫷գֻҪһкҹ己Ϊͷ
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˵ˣʱ򡣡
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һΣѰӿգǧ貹꣬ǻԡ͸
սʱڵһǻѪսգÿһ缡͸ŶսĿ
⻹ǲμСͷԾԺ󣬵һѰ˾˵ؽ
ԭܼ򵥣ҹһɫ˲Ķ֣
ҲΨкǿ߶Ծӵսȼհķ֮У
ԶԶȥѰӰħǳʢڵս⣬ȫս߸еľ



1073 续ɽ ֮
þ˵ս⣡
ȻЦ֮Ҳ𶯲ѡ
˿֮Ѱ綷սħ񣬽ֻս⣬̣֮ƣҡǺ
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кâһ
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ΨһĨУӶһն¡
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ȫ𺳵һƬ
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1074 
мžֹ
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ֻǣȴʱ̣ħתĹͻأ˶Щš
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ԾûصѰһۣԼ̲סЦȻоֵֹġ

ٴλ֣ö
ǲǱ̫ˣ˵߾ߣǰЩΪ˼㣬ǰ鱦ʥضˡ
Ѱ̲סе
ԾɽϣͷҲء
һָڱ󣬲ӯ죬ںҺܷģִ׳գŻⲻѣ϶ףø㡣
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ʱԾЦ۾гӨĴ͸һɺܵζ
׳գһ㶼飡ɰġ
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Ѱ⡰ɰݴʣֻ·Ǳɡ
ħܺͿɰйأ
ĳһУֻҪͶԵˣٴľҲú˳һЩɰһЩ

ԾѽнԶպ鱦ʥص˻һ
ѰջĿ⣬ղŵһĻĻɫ𲻶ջֹôˣ
ǰֽС椶ҵϷһ㶼ӳ
ҲԺֲޱޥʵŮ̸Цࡣ
ΨԾѽ̸ʱһľִ֮УŲֽţȷԵúܱ׾е׳ա
Ѱջˣ´ʱһسӲɣԾСҲʶһ£ʲôдɷţ
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ݺܴףһԡʥϢԵޱȵ־˵Եù졣
Ѱ㱻ҭס̲סǰû뵽ûͦǲΪ
⻰һ˿٩ζû룬ȴɫһ࣬㵱֪֮һ֣ѽ⣬޽⡣
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ټĲɽ»ָţΨв಻Ϣÿһɽ±Ǩ֤¸

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뿪ص·ϣȻȼų޵Ļ棬ΣҲҪɱˡ
˱ѰʱĳչˣΪɫȸһĺᣬʱ߷ߵö
żӣڽӡ
Ϊ׵һɫĮԪ壬һλϹ
˵ʱĿɨǰ㿴ЩϵͳУͬвٺһ޲ýѰɱ
ǰһȺһȺĹϵͳ޵ȥӰ飬鱦ʥءʥЩʤϵͳ
ҲгЩ
ҵǲɱѰֻģ˶һ֣һô죿
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˵ʥܱǿעвΪ֪ܣ⡭
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˵⣬Ԫ˼
⣬庣˺Ī⣬жʶҪɱѰעҪѡ庣˰֮϶֡
Խ庣˪ԭֻҪѿ庣ߣԷκγ·ӶԽѰɱ
ԪҲϵͳֻҲ˼
ңħҲǰɱġ
֮ǰƾʥɱǿߣ鱦ʥλ̤㳤پǳϣҲش
һҪԸħ񣬱ȡ׵
ȻԪ岢ĶԲѰϵͳҲͨ콣һ˼Գǿ
£Ӧÿǵľǣ˭Ȼɱħ񣬴Ӷȡ֮컯
ʱԶһԹޱȵԪ˼
ұСͷ֮һҪѰúѿ
أɱ
ȥĸϵͳԱ̧ۿȥȻǺ칷Ĺ棡
Ԫ崽ǲһĨڽȣùԼԱˣ˼ħ
Ҳã칷ֻҪǳȻޱ֮񣬴˴Ρħעڽˣ
ԪһĨɫԤеһħķ籩庣˰۶ɡ


1079 ʱ
ѰˣɱģôעΪǻˣ
أĽ俪ڣɨſԪˣĿˡ
Ŀ⣬˾һֲҶӵĸо
Ľƣ˵ʲô
Ԫüǳһ䣬֮ǰĶԾʱСն׼
ʦ֣ħǿҲֻǹ¼ҹһôϵͳһעġ
һҲԷ
ֻ˵һ仰ǰ
Ľһ̾ȻЩɺҡҡͷתȥ
ϵͳͿ޷ˣ
٣һж䣬ħ֮ɣδעҪʥģ
ڣЩħΪݽ棬ΪۣĿ⣡
ħǰɱʱֻ¶ѱĿܻн֮ɾͣ
Խ룬ĽԽʧ䡣
Ż֮ѵݲһħ
Щ֮Եеĵͳ֪һħţԺ󼴽ٵģһֲĶ֣
ϧЩעûġ
Ľһ̾ٶ룬ֻϽ뿪ԽԶԽãʡñЩܻ顣
ʦôˣѵѰܺӰ
ߣҿˣ
Ҫ˵ʦֻǵĵЩࡣ
ĿͽĽȥԪ塢ǽЩ󶼲ΪȻ
ѰɱҲֻһֻɽûʲô

ಡಡ
һƬޣؾУҹĺɫ׶տ
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̫ˣͷ׵Ĺϼһţȴƾ֮С
Ѱִ˵ʱһӱ
ñȥ֪Щʱ⡯֮ʥ˶
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һ仰Ѱֱð亹ֹ
˭һëתĹ⣬ʱ
ʥ֮ΪʥΪſռ֮壬ԺǬ飬ܣ
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Ѱϥγ飬
Ϊ˵֮սǿĸһȰԲز

һɫԴѰת̻ľתڣһԲʣĥ̰㲻ϴΪ
ʱƣѰ˶ڷ⣬һɽײĴŶؽĺ
󾳣ѰظйΡ
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ѵޱȵľи֮ʵ֮ͬУ˿ɱȣ
⣬Ҳܹҹ巡Ц졢ĽƵȾ۸ԿȡʤĹؼڡ
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һۣѰֱð⣬Ļ¶ܵޱȵΣա
ڳν벻ؾʱ޷ʱ֮ı࣬Ϊͷ׵⡭
ţ֮ĵı仯ȫѰ



1080 ǿ᲻컯

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ڣֵաкҲһɨա

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ţ֮ĵġ屻Ѱת˲ͺϣУݺͲаء
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һ˲䣬Ů绯ףϢѹʮ

Ĳؾڴ˿͵ҡ糱ˮ㻩

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ڲؾչصĵʮ£ϥصѰ͵ݣı类һ㡣
ʱѰһڴԨƾɲƣֲޱߡ
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һʱԽԽˣһ죬Ѱĥʱط֣֪ʱʶоֶһöŤĺɫţ
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⡭
Ѱһѵǲ壿
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Ѱ𺳣ң͵Ļ˼˰аæΪԼǿᵽȳ
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ѰһͨؾǸŮӡ
˼ȥҲֻܹӵ˲˼ֶΣ
ʱѾˣˡûж˵ʲôֻǸ֮Ѱһչٽ



1081 籩꽫
Ѿһˣ
Ѱ߳ؾ֮ǰıչؾЩ㱡
ɽ޼ӣ겻֪ꡣ
޵߶ԣʱܹɹʸ㣬ǲ׺ɣ
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УΨ̾Ϣڻص

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ҵܵǱɱΣҪ𡣡
ƽɫңڲɽʱӻԱӵֶΣȻ٣ڴʧǰʮĻᣬ˳ͬò
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ˣʥء鱦ʥصȹϵͳУҲƵһĻĻ
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ˣնɫ𲻶ղٶԡ
һѰķ籩ѾԴֻȱ
庣Ӳӵǹ⣬һӰĵ֡
ѰѾˣĬһϣǺϵһĻĻ۵ס
ЩϵͳεĽ̸
ĺһɲƵɱ۽ֱײ
ӽŻһֱһֱ׷ɱľУӲı
ЩΧ庣֮ǰҪ
һҪһʱȻɱԼļƣǡԼʲôˣ


1082 ڴ˺ Ⱥ
ǣԼΪʲôˣ
ݽ棿

̤ϣ
Ѱ޴ʵ
Щ߸ϵĹϵͳУһɵĹ¼ҹˣȻҫۣҲվ̫߱塣
УҲûһЩɾ֮ڳı΢ϵͳ̤ʹѹ
˷ɴ඼޶ա
ƾ͹ϵͳԣ̫ѣ
ⲢѰͻͷ
ˣҲѰˡ
˿̣һСϣɨԶ˰ˣ뵽ԼŻһ׷ɱеŭͺȼհ㣬ҪƲס
ѰһջĿ⡣
庣֣翴ֻܼǻȺľ
ѰУУƲǣǸ޷ŵӰ
ಣ
ûе飬Ѱչж
̤Ӱ˸ڲ֮ͬ䴩
Уʱ

˵һĻ֣庣УǻתȻɬĽƲҲ֮糱ˮ㣬ѰΪӱڡ
ãѰͣжһµϣͷǱˮ͸ļ
Ƕֲ̫ƴУҲǿòǧ֮һܣ
Ѱϥأһ䣬㹻ˣ
ԺУһǶͼתɢĲѰĵڡ

ף
֮ϣ˾г쿴庣ϵĽڷɿˣ
˻һѵȺǵĸϵͳǿߣҲһʱһĻĿһ
ͼ庣ϣΰǻ糱䣬һ־˵ٶɢ¶Ӳӵĺ棬һι״ĵ졣
ûǻڱΣټ庣ú嫶
һļºѹֵĽҲʧˣ
Ԫ徫һ񣬻еޱȵɡ
ȷʧˡ
£
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ⲻҪҪǣ庣Ľҵ޷в
Ľڵӡ鱦ʥص衢칷Ĺޡ
һϹԵһʱ庣Ʋľ䣬¶ϲ֮ɫ
֮ǰ֮ԵȺڴˣҽ庣ڴ˺ֲϽ
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ң
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칷УһλѪЦ˵ʱӰһѪɫ庣бڶȥ
жˣ
ߣ
˴庣䣬Ȼˣѱʲôա
һλһλǿ߳庣ڡ
ңڰȫǣÿͳĽҲһˣ˶ڵȴϢ
Σħˣ
ǿᡢաƽ棬Ժźʹݣš
зʥֶΣɱѰҲɱ׹ɣصʲô
£ΨһҪȷǣĸܹһʱɱѰ
һһǱڵĻӴ˿ɸǡ
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Թ񣬻иҹһ͹ϵͳԵˣȻУҲɱǰˣҲˣѰ
˫ָɫĮ
ѰֻҪΪʷСͷһˣ콾Σҵȶԣֱ
Ľͣ˹ȴһɸ߸ϵζ

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Ѱվһµϣɫƽ䡣
Ȼһˣڴ˺ȺУ
ˡ
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С飬Ȼڴ˵أ
ӰӶֲѹǵأװ㣬߸߸ԶѰ
㣿˵ˣڵǡ
ѰȻԣǣͦӰֱɣǵѹ
ұһʱ֣Ѱɱⱻ˸ᡣ
ɵˣеЩɡ
Ѱ̫ˣԴУڵȺ
ǣʲô˼ѵΪƾеʥ󣬾ͿΪˣ
䣬ż嶯ɱ̽Ѱ¸㣬һͳͳã
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Ѱƽ˵һⲻ顣

վûܰסһӣմһƥ⣬Ѱɱȥ
ߣҪҲڱУ
ͬʱһװĴ쳹һѪɫָץݺƥ⣬ƲѰ֡
ֻǣ;Ѫɫ־ͱһֲƥĽն飬¡һ걬顣
Ҳʱ򣬲ͬϣԸֳһӰ
һѪ꣬йԶղŵѪɫ
һҷµ꣬ᣬʵһϹͨ콣ڣ
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λôӽɡ
ɫ°Դ⣬ȴ͸Ųɵζ
ɲͨ콣ڣȰ㻹һЩ
ԶɫɭȻޱȣЦʲôҲ˵󻰣ӣҹԶɱˣ
ԣѹ˴˳ײƬһֲֿѹֵķΧС
Ѱӡ
ΪУѰбһҪģ˭ܵһʱɱӡ
ܿ죬λϹ֣뵽˭Ҳ˭˴ɲš
Ѱһֱš
ǰһĻһȺ˹ͬɱȨ˭Ҳò
Ѿǣ޿ӡ
λͱҴˣ޷ǶϵʥˣҿȽɱˣƾʵΣ
ͨ콣ڵ˵
ԡһЩߵͷ
ߣʥɱɲףҿֱӿսɣ˭ɱ˴ӣ컯˭ģ

˵ûУڰΧеѰʱڿڣ䣬ɨȺ
һֱԵúƽȻӣɫйһ˿仯
ֻǣû֪Ʋסĺ⣬ѳǻʱᱬ
Щ߽üһͷֻԴеҲҲ죬Ǻܲ졣
С飬żӾͳȫ㣡
̽һץһƬ׵ϼۣɢֲϢѰɱ
ѸͶԵ
߼ˣԲ̺ȻɱѰԥҲ֡
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ȺʩչֶΣޱпֲޱߵĵܾıӲͬѰɱ
ǣһȫһ
Ϊҵĳ֣ʱ˶Ž֣һսʹ˱


1083 Ļ
жǿ
Ƕһ֪̾ˣһװ㣬һǬѹɽ֮
ʱѰֵģǰλлλ̤㳤;
µǣһ־裬ڶʱνޱ
ΪѰвʥ
䣡
µܣңоطԣֲѹȥ
ɭȻꪡսìͭơ齣ӿգɱ¡
ʱȻǻκһλǵصĴֻҲעҪ
Ѱɫƽ
ԣµһʯϣ䣬˷Ĺɱ
ʼգӰ˿
ֻǣڹµܺˮУȴӿưǻԣһơһƻá
ͬʱԹµΪĵǧرԵԭγɫ棬ӿֳɬĽƲǹ⣬γһǧﷶΧǽڡ
ǽǻܻϽ񷣬󺣡
񷸩һǧﺣ棬׸硣
飡
һ׵ϼҪӽµʱһƴӺӿֳǻԵס󣬺Ȼ顣
ͫһɫ΢䡣
һѾãɷɽ󺣣ֲ֮ޱߡ
ȴһ˲䣬ֽ㱬ˣ޷嵽µ
飡
Զһɫ齣һǻԲƣ˲䱻ĥʴ߰㣬ͨһ׹뺣ˮ
һѪһĨɫ
˽һȴϵš
飡
ͬһʱ䣬ϹʩչĵڿµʱܵǻԵֵ׷ɢ
羪ףƬء
ԶԶһһ貵ڹµըɣޡ
ʼգѰ㿴ţƽĿ£
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Ҳãһֱھ裬³ѰҵȴڴˣֻѲ
ǿ󣿹ֲø޿ֻ֣ǡ
ҴǷһĨڽΪΪ˶Ը㣬ûпǵһ㣿
ԻָƽѰĿ⡣
ǣȷϵˡ
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һüɱڣһ־ˣϰĴڣǼɵеʥѱĨɱ֪ٴˣ
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ұ
߼ˣȻû
䣡
ҼһƹףԲͭһڿգڳǧܵƷţޱȡ
Ʋ̣
һרűϹŰ֮ƣֻתܿκ̲صİء
߼ˣд󶨣ΪƲ̵ܣԿκ
ƣ
Ҵ̬ͣƱŷ
˲䣬Ʋ̷ȻŷǧƷţ糱ˮ㣬µӿȥ

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Դֻ֮ʱ͵һʱȥɱѰ
ͬʱҲ׼
ǽԴ㵵ǣײУƲ̾ʧЧǵûƿһǻ֡
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⡭
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ⲻ֮󣡡
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磬ٲ̣Ӱӹµʯƾն磬ңȻ˵Ҫһ·
䡪
¡¡
ӳֳǳ޾ԡ
žĺ棬ڴ˿̺Ȼڷǻڶ𣬻ɬ
Ǿǳֲ˲䣬˵ûǹ⸲ǣ캣ŷޱ߽ơ
նѰָһ
ؼ䣬ǻԻһաѩԣӳ죬ն¡
⡭庣Ͻ
ðھ䷢ʱоͿһõԤС
աƵһնԼʱǾʶƴԿ߾ܣ
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һն
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Զ˵
һնۿֲޱߵĽϲ֮ǶëȻ
ʱѰͨ巢⣬ͷ񷴹޾ǻԣӰǣ쳣貣ѹƬأף޷ֱӡ
ܹƿ庣⡭Ǹ壡Զһˡ
ֲô޿֣ݱȺΧԭǰںһӣ
Զתӣɫ࣬㷲Դû뵽ᷢ˲˼顣
庣ϹӴʥҲʧһֱһɰ
˭뵽庣Ľڽգһ־ƿأ
Խ룬ԶԽ
ĹΪ׼ãΪҪߣɣ
ϣѰĮԶŭӣ̤㳤ߣȴһСӣɹڳ衣
̲סͷ׼̺ݻͫʱ͵ţҰУһѩĴ󵶣üޣ
ۣ
󣬹Զֿɱ֮£廯ҽƮ档
һλ
ʣµˣɲƤӶ£񶼱ٱԵ
ǹԶǺңɶǳѾõϹڣȴ粻һ߹ת˲ɱ
ѪһĻ̫Ŀģ
ӣ
ٲҳɣҲˣӵñʱ죬ɥ֮Ȯ̿ޱȡ
ȷ̫ˣ
Ĩ˭ҳɣ
֮ǰǣ߸ϣָʹѰӣڣȴһ޲õȣģжֻ̺
Ⱥں֮ϵЩϵͳǿ߿ֻ·Ǿ򲻿ɡ
Ѱû׷죬ΪⷽԲǧ֮أѱ·ӡ
ǧ֮أף
ʹʥ٣Բ壡
ն
ǻڣ쵶Ȼ֮ɱ¡
ǧ֮⣬һ𱦶ӲնΪ룬򷢳һҽУٽƮ󺣡
Ѱ㣬ƬϣĻ


1084 ʥ
ն
һ֣ϲּ⣬Գ棡
ұնԶնն
λϹУԶ̤㳤ٵߣһ⣬Է
һա֮£Ϊͨ죬Ҳ˲ҷ
Ƕ
ǶΪʮǶͼһǧ˰ٷСǶͼɡ
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ɼˣɱںɱ׹Ҳûʲôˡ
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ѰµϿգǧ֮أԱʶǣָһһ쵶ӳ
һλճ嵽ǧԵͺȻ֣ǰ·һǻ͵ġǽڡ赲ӣ󺣣޷Խ
תѰ·ѩããĵնɱ
ϲԵĳͷ˲䣬Ȼ飬ҽ
Ѱԣһ·ҷģԺΪѣ
鱦ʥһλϸгѳ׿־壬ΡѰͷġ
ն
Ѱţһֳ쵶٣۵һϸ֮ûС
һ㵣š
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һ࣬һ׷ŭĿѡ
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ն
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һҲæ
˿̣ǲλ绽ߣĵĽ档
֮ǰǰɱʱĻ᣿
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ݡǶ󡱣ҲἫģɱλһӺĵһ
ǵһҲ֪ڶʲôʱ
Ѱһߴһߵȴ

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أЩϹҲü͡
ֻѲһ־ˣķ˶ʱ䣿
û֪庣ڷڣǰλϹ𣬱֮ڡ
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ǱʶﶼΪ֮ԳٳûϢҪôǻûѰٵѰ
Ҫô;ĳֱʣ
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أ칷Уһڡ
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Ŀ⿴һɫڣɫʯꡣ
йףһλ̤㳤һپĴڣԣûж˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷ
Ѫӡ
һԥջһҧһöѪâĴӡݸ˹ס
ʱһɿֲޱȵʥѹѪɫӡɢ𸽽޵һ궯
Ѫӡ칷ʥϹʱȾѪֲܿ졣
𣿡׿ڣоЩС
ɱСףˣͬҲڳһʥͶһЩͰա
޴Դζ
׵ͷٳɣڿնȥ

Ҳͨ콣һԷâˡ
һ࣬Ԫһ̾һڳ¾ɵĽϻóݸߵһߡ
ԶʦܣĪ׹ͨ콣ڵ磡ɫׯࡣ
һϮ£뷢ҰףݣԶ
ԣ֣ؽӹϻ
ಣ
ϻӰ羪磬ȥ

ߣЩϼһͲסҪʥˣˣҵҲˡ
ĽһһȭͷСͭƺСȴɢѹɽӵĿֲϢ

Īʦã˴ξһ˰ɣסǵĿɱѰӣӣҲӳˣ
Ľ˵ţԱһòŮһϮˮȹѵŮӡ
˵ţĽһɨǴһĨЦ
ȻʥĿģΪ˸׵ػɱѰӡ
ҪԭֻΪǣ

ߣȻˣǾҲʶʶ鱦ʥصġ౦ɡ
ʥصġߡ
ͬʱҲڲȡж
аоζͬҲΪǣƶ֣ԷɱѰʱƾʥ֮һ



1085 ˵ڣ ˺
Ϊʼʥ
üʡ
ΪѰʸ񣡡
Ԫ嵭Ȼ˽֪ʥƾ˻ɱǿߣֻǳ䲻Ľ˷ǸʮʥҲɱһߣ
ʥãҲӵ֮ƥܷȫܣǵֻʥǧ֮һӲ
˶٣ζʥҲΪ˻ɱӣĿĺܼ򵥣ǣˡ
ŻȻ

ɫĺˮµӣǶС
ϥʯϵѰ۾ɫƽ
ѲڶѴԶ
ಣಣಣಣಣಣ
ΣλϹһ죬նһµܡ
ʼѰڴˣӲܣͬ΢΢һüͷ⡣
ǽΪһ߻ѰٵѰĳֱʣŻ֧Ԯ
˭룬ս庣͵һʱ䷢Ѱ
ˡ
С磬ˣ
ԳĪ꿪ڣЦٻ⣬εεģòŮһϮˮȹġ
Ѱڵ
ڳ߽һ
Īתأ
ѰָǰɫˮҪҰˡ
ȺɫӿâоΡ
һ־ˣȻǾ콾ɴʱȴֵ̫򶨣ڵһֱڵǣ
Ⱥǣ˴˶ӣ˵һʱ䶯ֵĳ嶯Ūԭί
ʵϸѰĻΪſڴƻƣ
С磬ɱЦˣɲãܸܲú˵
Ī񣬳ӯһȻ󣬵ǡ
ȷһһЦһһȻζ߶Ŀѣаⳤǿɧġ
Ѱü̫ţ㶼ˣԳƽ㣬ܲҲҺú˵֪ʲôϲ𣿡
Īɫһ䣬̫ţС;񶾣
Сӣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣΪʥԲҵȷˣ
Īɫ˪ԴǶȻһ䣬Ȼڣһֱĵɱȡ
˵֮ǰɧɣ˿̵绯Ůޣ
ת֮죬߽ȻʶŮܹΪԲС
ȴѰƻȻ䣬һɨλߣƾ꣬Ǿġ
ٴָԶ󺣣˵ڣ˺ףǧٸҲǴ´࣬ڣҾ·
ʱƾն
䣡
ϣ֣кǻԣѰӰԡ貳ʢһɿֲޱߵɱ֮Ӷ
ĪЦԵú򶨣ûоš
ѲµѰ޿ֵصȺڴˣ޷̣̣޷ʥ
ǰһĻ⡣
ֻǽ˲䣬ǾһͫȻһƬӿĽƲԶԶܹȡ
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˽زôĿ޷ӣֲܣͨ콣һһ
˲䣬Զޱţپš
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Īһףڿ֣ϵ̻ͭܿŻɬƣǳɽӾγȵȺͼ
ˣ
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䣡
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Ѫӡ
Ҳ֮һ䡣
꣡
һѲĿ׵߸ָֻ֣߳ȴͷĸͰԵ
ߣ
ʥ֮˿̱һλֽա
ǱߣһʿУһɫתһӲӵ棬ٻա
һУԷͬһʱ䣬ʥƬأǸɢϢɫ䣬ݰ
һĻüһʥֶѣڣȴ
С㻹ǹԹ־ܰɣʱ̣ʲôǶ
Īɫ䣬Դоǲм
ԭʥǱǣƾã˿̣ҲԴ˵ȱѰ
Ѱ΢΢һУָƽ
ʥ
֮У
Уʥ˽˵أƾЩϹΪһЩͿ޼ˣ
Ѱȴ͸޾ɱ
ն
ѰϺȣȶˣ޾ǻۣһѩĳա
󣬶׼Ī꣬һ¡
¡
˵أˮһ֮£һϲԵ췣
ӣ庣
Īɫ΢䣬Ȼ⣬ͭϼһΰӰ͵سһȭȥ
䣡
ȻӰֵס췣ȭͷƿ壬ǧꡣ
գ£նڳϣŷײ
ҡҡ׹ϼҶĪܷɣ׻ݺһҡΣɷףһѪ
ֲĪ꺧ȻС
Ҳޱ𾪣ԭΪʥ֣޾һУɱѰһֻϡ
˭룬աϽίʵڿֲԤϣǴֲһ㼦Ƥ
ɱһϣ˴ⲣ
˴һۣһǰȥ
ΪĪʶ庣ĿɲнԸе¡
ңѹ˲˼ΪѰһ־ˣܹ庣
ն
Զͨ콣磬ŷʥһնȥ
䣡
ѪӡڿգħӰصݺѹն¡

ϱɡ͵һתձ飬˫һһХǬ
ͬʱ𡢽ɫ뺳
ɲǼ䣬Ǭ֮䣬ʥӳ޾ԣƬȾɹͷ׵ɫʡ
޾ĻֲϢĩֽٽ٣ߣֻ˲ͻᱻ
Ϊ̫ףȻЩ޷ʥܳ׷ӣǵƣԶĿ£
ʱѰҲж
̤ǻԸʢң֮ΪԴԴϵṩƲ
ԡǻԣë׶ſƬϣ˴˽һӰ財
䣡
ѰӰһΣɢʮһܶɬתŷ
ǳɱʥܣ˲ͱơ顢
ôܣ
Щ߾Ӳĳ
Ѱһ˲ƣĪǰָȭЮݺҳ
䣡
ǻѵأ貳ʢ
ĪԳ赲ȴϣһʥһײӲҷɳȥ˺ѶĤĿֲ
ۣ
ͬʱĪһοѪѪתܵòԵ
⣬Ѱһȭ֮


1086 ѹʥ
ĪҽУ޷뵽ԼѰһȭס
ġ
䣡
貵ǻȭ棬һɱ
ȭͷ󷽣ѰĮס
ΣޱȵĹͷĪ괽طһޱȵ˻
ͷȻڳһͷëƤڣͫ͵Ĵèڿ̽צݺݳѰȭͷץ
Īıͨ˾βèһᣬ˿Ϊ˱ѲϧѪ
ȻעͽͣѰȭɱ£ǴèӰ˲ͱɱȻѪꡣ
Īȴô˻ᣬԶԶݿ
ɷףںڵķ˿һҰ֮ɫɫд˾ŭš
һ˵ʵһ˲ɡ
ĿѰĪһĻ߶ɫ䣬ʶΣա
һϵˣȴӳ˿ֲߵ˭Ҳ޷ݡ
죬һ֣ܹ庣ϽЭ˭뿪
Ī귢ԹĴС
˵ʱѰûа㵢飬ʤ׷ȽĪꡣ
䣡
ֻǣһͨĽâնŷʥ޿ƥУâǬ
ѰӰ͵һ٣ȭ֮Ӳ
⽣âͨ콣ԶУӳһ赲ѰͬʱѷХ
Ī˵ĲҵЯʥ˴βⲣкڹŻ㣿
¡¡Ұ
Ī߶ԶĹһ೯Ѱɱ
ٶ̫죬߾˭Ķ֣ղվǸ󻼣
ʥӵд컯˴ܽɱԸϵʥͻԵã
սʱԶĪûţһ֡
λˣ˸ѣգһҧ뵽սС
Ѱǿܹ庣ͬҲÿһִ̤ʥ
ңĵ޷ܣһ־ܹЩԿ
¾ǽ庣ϽҲԲܼ̫ã
Ͼʥʥһ֮ƥ;磬ȻܹãӳҲޡ
ʱһãԤľ޴ģ
Ѱ־Ϊǿȷģڽ庣ϽԵУֶܼã
֪ЩԶˣ

˵ʵսѱ
ĿλָʥɱѰϲ
䣡
ѰʶУǶͼвǧ֮һİرѰա󣬱庣Ƕϡ
˲ѣǻкѰ֣õȻ
һֱ
ΪⲻǽƲܣֻƿء
ɱ
ѰӰǹ貵˼£Ҳʢ˼££ŻɬֲĽƲ
һˣλִһʥȴ˷ɱǴȥ䡣
˭д
ĸ־ǿ߸ǿƣ
䣡
һʱ䣬ƬУǻԼȭǧأ˷ŷ
һȭﲻƣͨ콣âƿ֡˳ԡ
Ѱȭߣݺء
ƬضھҶʥɡϼꡢֲĶսϯ죬ҵ˼¡
ŭڲ
ײĺڼ
սһͣҵԸӵĵز
ɳϣλʥΧ֮ƶԸѰһˣȴռκơ
޷ǣסѰĹ
ĪꡢԶǽ𵴣ɫҲԽԽأ粻
ʥ֮޷ѹסһ־ˣ˭ţ
ľǣ庣Ͻʥ˶Խ׳һΪηᱻѰã
飡
ڴʱѰӶȭͷӲɣĪһβܵˣڱѪ
һ̣Ѱ͵һץɽƲܻһֻǻԴ߬סĪ壬ݺݷ
ۣ
Īһλ̤㳤һپʱȴ类߬ĵϣûУͱ󱬣
ֱӱѪ
ǿսĵһ
ܣ֮ǰĪͱѰˣɴʱޱȵ״ͷ𶯡
޷ס
ôܣ
Īһ载ȺͷϵˮǳĲеѹ
ٿѰʱ˾ŭţɫѴľźͼɵ
ȷţһǰɱѰİλֻµȷѰǰ㣬ѱ˺У
䣡
⣬ʥԣһ⣬Ҫߡ
ʥͨ飬˲ʱ䱦е־ͻתԭС
۵ƻϵһλɱʱѰһΣʱҲǳձסһ
ƵһĻƺҪһݡ
򣡡
Ѱ޷һĻڶηȣ̤գ޾ƲǺѹȥ
飡
ɲײ𣬳תʥϻ˷Ľ
ɺԣû֧ͨһǾҷɫˮ
󣬾ʹ˳š
ûٷɳ
żˣͣйĶͷƤ飬׹ߡ
ǿʥ
ǳΪպ
ܾʹ˱
ʵֲ̫Ҫ֪ÿһʥӡʥ飬ӵʥ˵ܡ
ʥߣ޿
Ȼڣȴѹɫĺףټβ
ʱѰӰһô˻ɱԶ
û˻ԴУܹǿߣûһսḻ֮Ĵڡ
ѰɱԶԥ߷ͨ콣һ˺Ļͻͽâ
飡
һ쵶ӳ׾ݿһУѰһȭԶ
߱ˣͨ콣ʢĽ⣬ݺɱ
ֻǣԻɱڵĹ˿ȴѰȭƲͱѹðϡ
䣡
գͨ콣ֶɣѰȭԶ
ԶôУգǱ貵ȭ䱬塣
ԪӳֻӣȴѰһץסݺ󱬡
Ԫ׷ɣΣӳĵѰһ޿ƥеħ񣬿ֲޱߡ
飡
ɾͬʱѰܵɲĳӲӵߺݺݴڱϡ
ʥص߽ϮԶɱĿ϶һٵ֣Ѱ
ɻλ߸ˣͼѰϣ͵ڳһͷޣͨſɲĽƲһצ̽һɵǧ֮ĸ߿ա
Ҳ׻㣬۵һѪܷɡ
ޱȣֻ˱ܡ
ֻǣѰûܵϮûͷһۣѹͨ콣
¡¡
캣֮䣬ɲĽƲǻ磬ǵء
ͨ콣Ϊͨ콣ڵ֮֮ɱ֮Ҫǿһ
ɽգۼ䣬ͨ콣ҲסˣǴУ粻ʰİ
󣬺ͳһҲû˶
ڶʥ



1087 ̤
£
Ψһܹݹ׵λߵĸܡ
𺳣ڳ֮ǵǿҲⱻ֮ǰһĻĻҡ
һ־ڽ庣ȴһֻɱΪϲɱɱ˺޿ƥУ˭ţ
µǣʥڱѹ
ʱѰԡǻԣħ㣬ΪؼΨһףƿֲޱߡ
˭ָţ⣬ŽֻǸ־ߣ
ӣ
˺ԥ˾ϡ
ĪˡԶҲˣٲߣעҲ٣
ΪߣִʥȴɱȴòĶӣһĪ衣
ɴʱΪ˱˭ֹ˵Щ
ӣǵ·ֻй˵أ
ĮУѰ
䣡
ӡŽܣϲ֮ӡ
Կӣ͵زΣգ͵طһѪӡӲ
ȴͽͣ˲ϱӡһ飬Ѫӡоһζ˰졣
գѪӡҲסˣͨһѹȽ
ʱѰɱһ
⺣ǧ֮أִƴ˵ؽѰ޿Ψһס
ӣҲÿӦӦ
Ȼʥˣ
ⲢǿţУʥ庣ʧҲ;١
£ȻѰܹõǶǧ֮һֻǶԸڣѾ´ˡ
ΪЩʥӣսֻѽ

ˣ
һǻԴ䣬౦ɡϣ޴ĵ
鱦ʥص߻һ£ǧ̤ޱߵľʹ̲סƺ߳
׼ʱѰѱɱ
ۣ
һȭѣλͱԪûüߣͳ޶


һɫ뺺˷ӿĽƲ⣬ϷײĽ
Ƭ̺󣬽ɫ뺱ѹ뺣
ͬʱڵ߲ģֻɥ֮ȮգѰԥɱ

ʣʥصˣһǻ͵ǽڵǰ·߳
ֻǣһųƿʥ˿ȴһνǽڶƲ
˾
߲ǿ󣬶ƾλߵԷܡ
գҲ޾Ĳʡ

ӿĺˮݵ񷡢ؼǻԡ
һйƽʱֻʣѰһӰ
µ֮ϣ°ɫ죬ͷڷڷзĺɨǰĴ
һɱ˰λ
ڶλ
Ѿһ㾪µıսԻѤ֮
Ѱκϲúͽ
Ϊֻ֤ǶǿͿֲԼûٹϵ
ֻǡˡ
ܹɱһߣѰдʹ죬еĺŭҲõһ̶ϵй
ϧˡ
ѰƬ̣͵óһжϡ
ͨ콣Ѫӡ౦ɡߡɫ뺣Աѹںףȴ޷
ףǶĺĽأ̺ϵİأɬӣӯҲǿֲ֮
ѰáǶͼУڵɸҽ⺣ס
ʥͱУϺֱײͼ
ϧͺñУ˺עӣ
ѰϧľڴˣΪ˻ᣬһЩʥɺȻעǲܵ顣
Ҳã룬ʧһʥԸЩϵͳɳصĴ
Ѱ˼⡣
ϥأʼĴ޸֮ǰĵ

庣֮ϡ
ʱƣԭڵȴϢĸͳǿߣʱЩˡ
ô£ûϢ
ѱĥ⣬ջңʥɱһ־С飡
ͳУҲüԴ˸еܷѽ⡣
һ˰λߣٳٲѶ
ڶֳλߣһЯʥȴڣš
˭ܵ
ʦòᷢʲôɣ
üʵ
죡
أһŵԪ˿ȴɫһƺܲ
ȻھþòϢԪҲЩɲ޷֮ǰǰ򶨡
ֹͨ콣ߣͳҲ࣬ԶԴ˸еɣͷһӰ
Թ庣أ̲شֲʥҲԽ׳һ
ǺϽƲȥӦǺвԲŶԣƫƫǰеڣ񻹲һ˷أ
϶ˣ򣬼ѰٲѰӣҲӦϢء
ૣɫء
ѾȥʱˣѵҪһֱȴȥ
Ҳ˸еͣ޷ֱޱȵľ档
ɶֻǻɱһѰȴҲ޷֣ѵɱĲɣ
˷ߺޣҧ顣
һʱ䣬ϾǸӵ˵ġ
˵ǹ桢աƽЩˣЩϹɫҲǱѿ
庣ʲô
ϹｫĿ⿴庣ܲһ˿ƲϢԽƽľ󣬷ԽǸеһ˵ѹ֡
ţ
أ칷ϹﹶͫһѰܻţ
ҲǼԶϣһȻӰ̤ź沨˶УԣƮݳ
Ȼ
޵ҧгݣѰɻңᵽһɿɶޱȵζ
߻أȳˣôܣ
Ҳ˶ݣɲ
֮ǰһ߽庣ѵûһִӵģ
Եúܲ˼顣
ܿ죬һе궯ĿѰƬʱԻ˲Ƶɱ
ΪɱѰѵȴ̫ã
һֱڣǵıĥһգΪ˱һӻ
С飬㾹·㲻ߣ
淢ɫɲ
Ѱ㵨ӿ湻ģڴˣһΪⱲӻڴ˺вðͷ
ɫȻ䷢
ʦ춯ɱ˴ˣ
Ȳ޲̾ͽѰ˺ˡ
ԶѰھ뺣ǧ֮㣬䡣
ɨӺϵˣǻܵȺڴˣҲɼΣᣬҲϣܹȴȥ
˻һüѰеĺЩѰζ
ţɱ֮ҵֺٵȥ
ɭȻȡ
롣
Ѱ³֣Ҳһӡ
һޱȵǺƾէֵա
ۣ
أЦӦȻ飬ûһ׼
̫ͻȻ
˲䣬ѻȸͫţĿ֮£ǴͬҲûüӦͱɱˣ
ǳԾǣѰʩչȫһ־޵ܹӵУ


1088 ǰѪȷ
С飬
УĿѣŭޱȣɢŰޱȵѪֲϢ
һ汻ɱʱ;һɾ롣
ɾ룬ȴȥ
Ǻ칷ľӵСͷεǱԺʱעҪȡġ
ڣȴͷӶʣ
ù޳ױŭ
䣡
ûκγɣɺ죬ɭȻɱӿֲ
سɴ磬գۼ䣬庣ϣݺһƳѰ¡
һλŭǿɲġ
һĻͳǿ߽ԵϹԶŭһͶɱУ
ֻǣһһѩããĳգ貵ǻ۶ɡ
飡
ơײһ𣬴˵ضʱѣǺ
򶼱ĿĵܣޱȿֲನɢõŤݡҪڻ㡣
ֻǣ˶ȻһĻˡ
ֻ־ΪѰ𣬷ǹλ̤㳤ߣұۣһ嶼㱻ƿѪٷ
ⲻ
޼Уʼıŭÿ־Ĳ
һش˭ţ
ΣϢù޺ԥתˡ
ۣ
УѰ͵ȭȭ貣ǻѵأɲǼ佫Ӱ֣Ȼը
ѪһھޱȵĿע£λսֲߣһȭ䱬
ȫѻȸޱȡ
˵֮ǰ⧲ģʹ㵡
ô޵һףͷƤ飬¶ëȻ
ôܣ׵ɱһλ
աƽ˳޷ɫ䡣
ǵȺڴˣȲҪɱѰĨĴС
뵽̬˵߸ת
ǿߣ
赭д֮ͱɱˣ
ֹǣͳϹҲ͹ԣš
ⲻܣ
ƽȣʧأ޷ܡ
ۣ
ԶѰָһ㣬һâ۴䣬ƽըе
һӣȫ˲
˿̵Ѱȫ󣬾һףִͶ֮䣬ܶȡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ҲڼУɷףأԲš
һĻĻʣ̫죬˭ֻ¶ʧȥǡ
ߣ
ԱߵԪɫһ䣬һӣʹſһ˳˪ԭȥ
ѿѰսɱ䵽˿ֲޱߵĵزǽ庣еϽ
ߣ
뿪
ӽ庣ڴ˷أ޵еģ˭Ҳ֣
ͬһʱ̣ͳϹҲڿŵ࣬Ļҳɣԥѡ˱ܣҪԶ庣
ǻ޷֪Ѱôõ庣ǲòˡ
ѡɺܱ
֮ǰǿȺڴˣʦڣƼѰΪɱڵ˭ܹһɱѰ
룬һת̫ˣ
ﲻΪ޿ƥаףɱɱ㣬˭ûԤϵġ
ʱѰȻЩȥ
ڶԷѡӶʱչ
¡
ԭ庣Ȼӿӿǻԣϣǳ֡
ѰԡУǳף
䣬˵ǶĽõ¡
ͼУһǻƥӳǵص磬Ϊǹꪵȵ̬Ӷ
ۣ
ʱ䣬һλλǿ߱ĨӴܵٶȺܿ죬ֻǣܿùɱ
ѪƮ
ҽ쳹
ؼ䣬绯
ͨ콣ڡʥء鱦ʥءڡ칷ȵȹϵͳǿߣ˿̽Ի̻ɥ֮Ȯŭ£Ҳ־嵽£
ÿʱỵ̈ǿ䣬е
ȻϹ˿Ҳݽ㣬ƴҲ޷赲ɱո
һĻɹڿֲ
⺣򣬾Ѫȵ޳ҽСŭؼصɫ䡣
ᱻȻԪ屣Ҳûӹһ޷ţԼڴˡ
УһԽȴһ
ӹһ٣ǱĽֵסɱ٣ĽλߣȴĨɱ
һĻĻƵѪȻ棬š
˵ʵڼ
գͳ˴ǿߣֻٲߣʧãã˪ԭ
û˸һͷ
ԶԶأѰ֡
Ȼͬһ˿ʣεǣ庣Ľֻܾⷽأ޷һȥ׷ɱˡ
򣬽ЩϵͳǿעһҲӲ
ϣعѣĿ꣬ѪĿģѪϢŨңþ޷ɢ
սȫһɱϵͳν۽Ĳֹһ콾жλڣ
ϰϰѰ˼Ƭ̣ûн˻ȥ庣
ǻԣֺʹǰһ庣ؼ䣬ضļ£ء
Ѱ˴ɱʹ죬עһ籩ϯŻ
˳شЩϵͳעưոݣ
ʱ뿪庣ѰͲ֪ȴԼעһ޷Ĵ籩
Ѱ庣ݷһʱ䣬һܷͷ
Ƕ໤ѰžʥˣκβԼ

µϣѰӰƮȻ䣬ϥһʯϡ
ͨؾеŮƶϣֻʣһʱ䣬ͻ١
ʱ콾ȻҲ䡣
ڴ֮ǰһĽǰȡܹǰʮģԿԳġ۾ͷ
ѰһϥԺ˼Ժ֮·
ն㡢桢ҶĦڭһ콾ƾ۾ͷսעǿޱȣҪǾĿǰսӦѲ١
ӱѹЩѳΪ۾ͷһͺ˵ˡ
ѰȻû֣˴Сͷ֮ڲؾбչһĿ⣬ѳͬ
УϣҲΨն㡢ЩƾֵԼӡ
ȻҲף
Ѱ׾ҪնЩ˸ǿһЩ
廹Ҳ򡭡
ԪնҲڻͨ
ҪűܣΨٶͻơ
ѰĬĬ˼ãŬ
Ѿڴݷڶ粨ͬʱһԼӵеս
ãѰܵʯϣ׽С
Զǻؼ䡣
ѰƲ⣬ڵ죬庣еѪɱ¾Ϣһ˲С𶯡
ңһ־˵ٶȴӶʤ糯Żɢȥ


1089 ¶ Ŀ
Сͷĵ죬Ѿڲе鴫˳ȥ
ò˵ƽϢҶӺǿ󣬽һ죬ڹŻĴеĲͬݾڣСͷϢѸٴ
УСͷ޵ĵġ
ֻǣ֪һѰ½ʱȻ
ϵͳľ룬ȴһɵ˶յĵһ
ɴӲ飡
ƾʲôħǰǿЩϵͳľﶼ
޵ߵĵһӦ
ֻǣ彫ѰڲеıһһչֳʱеľɺͲ⣬Եõ˴𰸡
ɽɽʱѰǹӲһ콾ĳһع⣬˼ĺ䶯޵Ŀࡣ
˶ܿϵͳ޵ߣѰɽʱĴΪնġ
ж˭γ
գŭնһ콾һ򵱹Ī̬סһɽ壬Сͷǰʮ
Ӷ˲ڶ־ʸ
Ѱڵڶ־еı֣ҫƥȦɵ㣬͹桢ƽ϶֮ĶԾع⣬¶Ϊ֮䶯
̫ǿˣ
޵ߵ֪Աħֱ̭һ漣
ֱһֵĶԾ
ǺͽĽƵжԶģǺͽħҹ巵ĿԾһսʱ͵Ц֮һжʤԲ֪˶ٻȻ̾𺧵
Ż֮󣬷Ĵݾͬһ죬ⲻͬ硢ͬݾУѰ֣ǰ㣬ǿƽ޵ҰУ
ħ񣡡
ħ񣡡
ħ񣡡
ĿѰСͷϵֱֺеɺ;㵣Ի塢Ƴ硢̾
һ½ˣȴһ̤֮콾֮ҡϣһժСͷĹڣ˭ܲ̾
ȻһЩϵͳΪ𶯣׼סѰˡ
Խ˭˲ʶ
һ죬֪޵߷˸п
ܿ죬Ϣ
ħϵͳ˴μ뿪غѣ
һħĴ籩ݣͳӵħ񣬽ܻΪʷСͷһˣ
ݿɿϢͨ콣ڡʥء鱦ʥء칷塢ڵһڵͳѳ
ħδһǰˣʹزۣ
彫ЩϢŻ򳹵׺䶯ˣ˲֪ٵĻȻ
ɣЩϵͳ̫
ײ޵߷߷߲ƽΪѰģе
ϵˣľ֣ش֮ħԽҫۣԽܵ벻Ĵѹ
һЩϱҲпѣΪѰϧ
ףΪħΪ¼ҹˣޱΪۣ
Σôϵͳħֻڽӡ
ϧˡ
һ죬ѰǷ䣬Ҳǣÿ޵ߵġ
Ϊеֵеϧ
Ż򶼲ƽˣ޵ߣڽصȴµϢĵͳҲڽйע
СͷһӰ·Ϊ֮䶯
ǰѰأҲֻͶʤУ޷ɢŻ
ڣȫһˣ

ѰȻû
庣һսУʮλϹȴСֵǿߣ˽Ա
ǾĴ飬ڵڶͱ˳ȥһʯǧˣڽע޵߽Ա𺳡
ħû
ңûߣûиˣֻǿɱ
Ϊؼǣۻɱ˶λ̤㳤;ߣħҡ
ͳõʥûκħ
ȻԻսһʱ粨һЩϵͳΪ֮𶯣ͨ˻֪һЩϢͨѾ
˭ܸңħ񾿾ΰ쵽һģ
޵߶һ־ˣȴǿѪϴҲ̫˼顣
һΣЩϵͳأ˵庣ѪˮȾ˺ɫ
ϢԾ˵ٶȴʱƣŻĴ綼С
˴Ѱս֮ҫֱۣˣ
ò˵ǣǿʵ˲ûƽϢҶ˷庣Ѫɱ
Щ洫ȥ֮󣬶ʱΪȫ¹עĽ㣡
죡ħ찡һˣɱЩ޷ֵ
־Ϊֻһˣӭսǿ󣿡
ɲӭսɱħһݺأɱɱ׺
УѰԡǻԣף쳣貣Ͷ֮䣬ȷѪꡣ
һˣɱңǵ֮ˣֱ
Ҫ˵Ѱ޵ߣǿ߿һĻĻҲһ亹¶
пһȺȴ赲ɱһ򱬣
һ̵Ѱħնݰ㣬ոЩϵͳǿߵ
׽ĻУ¼һУе߱Ѱһɱһжס
ѪȵĻ棬ֱҪϢ
һУʵڷ˼漣
ЩϵͳôȻ;籩ݣ
жϡ
ʱ䣬庣Ѫ¼ϢҲǽһɢ͵ԽԽŻ򴫲
Ѱ֮ڻСͷһ֮󣬽һõǰĵز޵֪
ûܹ뵽֮ǰҪΪʷϵһСͷһѰǵ漣ԹһˣƸͳն
첨ƵǾĿ
ͬһʱ䣬ͳʼ׷ǰ˪ԭĵط̽Ϣ
찡
ĸͳִ庣֮ϣеĿ¾󣬶ʧסˣ
ܹȥ죬ɴ˵Ѫϱ۲֫عѣһɽ붼ݻ𣬻֣Ŀꡣ
Щ汻ȥ¸綼𺳡
⣬Ѱ
Ҿ֪ħ񲻻ܵģЩ۸ĵͳ⵽Ѫȱ
Σħƾһ֮Ҳɱһͨ
˺ϲõЩƳѰ޵ߣѰкøУ岻ѣ֪ЩϢԸӵĵز
з£ͨ콣ڡ鱦ʥءʥصһڹϵͳȫŭС
ΨԼʧĲֹڣʥ
ܴ裬Ѫ
˿ͨ콣ܶ
һ죬ͨ콣ڽУһζĵĮϢ
ͬʱһɿֲޱߵʥѹɢͨ콣𶯡
Ҳڵ죬һλ³㡢òߣ̤գգۼŲնȥ
⣬һλʥˣ
ҲΨʥˣŲգ


1090 ʥ
ͨ콣ʥ˳У
Ϣˣͨ콣Ҳ
Ϊ˴ܵĴʵ̫ܵӰ죬Ҫϴ̳裬һ֡
ǧǰʥĽʥ˷࣡
ܿ죬ȷϢ𾪡
࣬һҫƥʥˣǧǰʥʱĪ䶯ڵʱ˲֪ٹϵͳϹǰͨ콣ڹ
ˣʥѲ£û룬Ϊһħ÷˳
޵Ĳ
ʥ˳УǺ䶯ޱȵĴ£
ݴһнͨ콣ʥͨ콣ڿʦʧʥȴƱħѹ庣
ߣҲȥ庣һˣټʥԳУΣҲ֪εȴķ粨
ʥ˳Уȫ¹עڷۣһʱҲΪܹעĻ⡣
ûжãо֮Ϣ
ʥءʥˡأݱ뿪˹Ųݣǰ庣
һλǧǰ;µŮʥˣ
һӣ¶Ϊ˺䶯Ȼ󲨣޵Ŀࡣ
һʥ˳У
ħ񾿾˶£Żʥ˶סˣ
ɻ˴зӦ½һһϢһǰδУʼϲĴ籩
鱦ʥءʥˡŭʥԣҪնħЧȣ
칷塮Ѫʥˡ߳չصء

ڡ
һλһλ̤ʥϹ£ƣ޵ޱȣħʥ֮ŭ
ʥ²
һʥһìͷָħһˣ⣬ǰδеĴ£
ƾһ㣬ħ񼴱˴ٶҲ޺ˣϾһУ˭㣬ʥ֣
˸п
ʥ֮ȴȥԸһȫ۸ˣ
һ˶̫ˣħ񣬺εȾҫۣȴҪʥԣɻл֮᣿
ҲΪѰǡ
·Ƽʥħһ˶ϵͳ޷Ŀⱻ

ɣ
֪Ϣշû£侲ָ֮еޱȵ
ʥȻæҲ޼£
¾ų֣ɡĸͳΪһˣȥЩʥ˶ţ
ӸеһĪıһη֣߱㹻ǿȥѶѺ

ǣҪ⵽Ӧģ
Ծѵ֪ϢĶһĪľʹɷס
ԼעȥֹģǺԥҪ뿪ţ½磬ҪȥѰĸ
ɻ뿪ţͱŸ߲롱˺ɽչأ׶Ͼϵ
Ծѳĺ

ѵ
ޱɽҹ壬֮ء
ҹһ߿˽յĴ֮š
ڣٶңŲҰܾ֮ظˣ
ҹ巴Уڡ
ԶһҹҸ߲Цѡ
㲻Ϊҹ巻Ϊһħŭģ
ڣ㲻ǰɣҾЩݣ
žҶ
⣬ҹҸ߲㶼һͷȥȴΪ׵ס޵˳⣬ⲻ˳˭ˡ
Ҽǵ衮⸡޲ݡʱĶ֮ɣȻ㲻Ҿ
ڣҹ
ס֣⣬һҹҸ߲һӶˡ
Ҳڴʱһŭڴ𣺡ӣ۸ͷǰɣ
һɿֲޱߵʥѹӴɢ
ڣ
һҹҸ߲ˣ԰һղ뿪ˡ
ڣһ뷢ʲݡӰ°ɵߣҹǰôӵۡ
ҹȴ£ڣ˵æﲻɣ
ûæ˭ҲﲻˣֻСԼȥ⡣
Ҿ
ҹ巾еĻ裬Ҫң
߾һѶ裬Ϊһħڶˣ
ҹ巺Ȼ̾˿ɫį޵˳⣬ⲻ˳ػҴǸħѵҪҵĵ;ֹڴ𡭡
ƨħľ۸ͷӣ
Ŵ
ҹ̾˿ɫĻ䣬תҪ뿪
ˣߴǺݺһ鴤ûҾôˣæͷҿɾͳ׾Ͳˣ
ҹ۾һʱֹһݹ߹һ񣬵лڣ֪Ϊ壬ŵȳݲвƽ鷢
һڣٳ̸£
˵ţɫһ࣬˲һˣׯضϣֻ޸ߴ֮С
巶ŵùڣ£ƾͺá
䣬ӿֳ˵âɫһĨĪζƶϣѰɲǶ֮ˣ
ҹüοɲһһʥһһûļһûκᣡ
ҡͷǹңѰΪ֮ҲӣӲط֮ʱһԡСޱΪռһԡ

ҹɫ͵һ䣬ʧг
Сޱ
˺һֽ֮ÿʩչһΣͻʩһ˵;򼫿Ǵ
֣߰ҹ巵ĻЦеҿųģû˿عĸ֮ͬˣǣѰӵİΣ˵ѽѶԴˣΪһʲô
ҹ𶯷һʱٸнӿԵĸԣȴ֪˵ʲôźá
򣬵˳ĶУˣҲ˳⣬ȴһݶڣδ˳ģЩһֱֹʥ
㲻һϣܳΪҹҵһ˳̤ʥǿߣ
ҹɫ֣أͷұزʧ
߹Ц˵Щ֪ƶϳĹѰӵʲô
ҹ巿ڣԹԴӴ³˸֣ǱԨٶ
һһ٣ҹ巶еͷ֮УеǺͽҲһɨա
ҹ巻̲סʵô˵˴βˣ
ҡͷǱ֮ƣҲܱ֣֮һж˵ɱһͷǱԨ֮Ҳǰ׵飬ܡ
ҹ̲סʣʲô
ɫȻù죬巶ŵùͷӣӿˣ
˵գҹ巸ʲôӰٿȻʧ
ҲپڵĻУ͸¶ͬѰζ
ƺһɱ٣ܱһģ
ֻҪѰʲôǱˡ
ҹһҧ˵Ҿ췭ظ
˵ţ߳


1091 ƻ庣
ʥУŻ𶯡
ֹޱɽҹ壬һؾУЦҲڿվһǰ
ѩ˪ȴ⻬Ӥ壬ʮ㡣
ǣиǬʮ֮ơ
ĸҲ֪ҶѰǼģСͷ֮ϣҾΪһ֮ӵڶ̣
磬Ц˫ɴʱȴڳһſڴ¿ˮ
֮Ŀࡣ
ѰɱˣԺɾ޷һˣġ
ƺЩܲˣæִϣˣˣСӲҰæ𣿡
Цæͷ˼ҹȻ棬ʲô鶼ķۡ
ߣƨҸ㣬ղޱɽǸݵϼһѾϢ£ֻͿˡ
ݵϼһ
Ц˲ĸ˵ӦޱɽλڣһλʯϹŶ
ʲô̲סʡ
ǱԨٶ
ӿζĹ󣬡λѡ뱻ɱɲô׵顣
ѣʲôѣҿɲϣЦе
бһۣѣϹͷȥЩʥƴ
ЦʱڨڨЩΡ
Уȴһޱɽλڶڹע£ѰǼһȻٶӣһ˿
С죬㣬ѶΣȻʵ
Цһɫ𲻶ã˵һܲʹ죡
ʹֻ
˭Ҳʹ죬Ҿ˭ʹ죡
Цشն
ǷһĨЦ⡣

ŻĴ綼䶯ʱ庣֮ϣԭžȻ
ʱһЩ޵߻һȻ񷡣
Щ޵ߣЩѶΪǹĦͲ̽ƬĴսż
䣡
ڶĿע£У͵ر飬ӳһӲӵ¡
ϣһԡʥԵӰض·𰵵ڸ׳Ƴ
һѹֵ£ԶԶȥӰΰɽһֶǡնѹϢ
Ƿ֮أ£
¡¡ըװ쳹ؼ䣬ʥӰһӣݾܾͽ˾һƬУ˴˵ء
ʥˣӰƮȻأѻһ³㡢òߡ
ڱԶ庣ӿ¸ɽӱǨȿֲ󣬺ޱȡ
ߣȻͨ콣ڵķ࣬һλǧǰ̤㽣ʥĿֲڡ
Ҹܵˣͨ콣ͱУڵȴűҾȻأ
ૣϣһɾĽϣ˺Ʋ㣬ն񷣬ʥ֣ɾ񣬿ѹʮ
˺ʥ󣬴ϹʱһλͨĴ죬Ѱʥ󣬲֪ѿӦ֮
һͷݴ϶һ멡òڵŮӣӲӵģһС̫
ʥأʥˣ
£ƮȻǰԶ庣ȥ
ǶϹͨǣºƣԹ˿ơ
һۺؼ쳹
һս¡¡ѹնŲĹ⣬гɱ⣬һӰƸǬ
鱦ʥأʥˣ
ս߳һɲضһƿҪܲסϵѹ
˿ƣ޿Ӧԡ
һλʥˣһ꣬ʬɽѪ֮ʱؼ񺿣ӳѪɫĿɲ档
칷壬Ѫʥˣ
ֳһѪɫսѪɱ񣬽ɢѪϢ;Ǭ˼Ϣ
ͬʱࡢײüƶѪĵִղδ˵ʲô
û뵽ΪһֻССϣҵһڴˣȥҲ֪οҵȡ
һ̾
ӹµ֪֮֮Ŀ⣬ǳ΢Ӱҵȣ
Į
Ǻǡ
ЦˣɱһɹȻʥڴ˺ҵٲֻ¡ͻᱻͬˡ
˸׵к塣
ʥԿơɡ֣۶ʧһԱŶԣһޱȵʧ
ΪЩʥ˽Գˣ
ԭڴˣʥͳǿᣡ
ɱѰС£ʱ˳ֽĨ㹻ˣһֻϰĽɫֵʦڣ
˭
̤ʥĴڣȻУҲֻǲһĲݽ棬οһ־ˣ
⻰湻αģҿֻ²ֹջʥǰ򵥰ɣ
ʱһЦ𣬰һλͷڣϽۣӰƾն
ݿ£磬ȴһλִǬɽӣ
ڤʥˣ
˵˵Ϊζ
ڤ˫ָⲽУȻʥֱһ컯֮һ֬ƿͬʱĪһѣȤñϽ
ʥɫ졣
ǶԴˣȻҲ֪
ޱƥɱʥôˣȡеһЩ컯Ϊ쾭֮£ڤֹֻϱǿɾʹشˡ
ڤЦ
λѵʱ򣬲򿪴˵
ɫĮǱɱģϴҵȸͳ֮衣
ڴʥҵȸƾֶζȡ
С
á
ʥһ˼⣬Ӧ
ʱ򣬷һУ㻹ҪĬεʱ򣿡
ʥҲȥ
ͼУ͵һ䶯ٿͻһӰģģǳ鵭·𲻴䡣
ϢȴǼ侪ˣڳκһλʥˣ
ˣǲڵһʥˣŸ

䣬Ʈؼ䣬˲
ˣλʥۣ
ڴ֮ǰһѯ
ڣ翶ɭͳͬҲϽֵΣ
Ǿҵȹ֮ͬУ
ɫĮ䲻ڣȻĬϡ
ãˣǣԿʼˣ
ͷ
ৣ
˲ѣλʥˣ뽫Ŀ⿴Զ庣
庣ϣã翣Եضļ¡
ϸǵĽȻʥ˵ķۡ
޷󣬵ֻջʥ˳ƻɱһֻϣȴѲǡ
ֻǣǶ֣һ𣺡ǻǵʥˣȴŸţҪȡһеʥֱ޳֮ҪҪˣ
ࡢѪڤλʥˣüͷһ壬Щ죬Ŀ뿴ͬһط
֪ʱһƤòҰһꡣ


1092 ʥ
꣬ǰ³
ֻǣԼģһ־ʱЩʥ˶Щ⡣
ϣвϣ
ңЩǣ֮ǰǾûܵһʱ˵ټͷˡ
ܿ죬ǾĿڰ³еһڵ޹ϡ
һʥ
֮ǰ֮ûܲԴһʥϢίʵЩ
һʥ˶ţ³һڣأԽôţǻҵıˣҪ𣡣
䣡
һʥѹӷɢ˲Ϣ³ɽѹ¹
űǺ죬ըƾ޷˵ˡ
ۼҪأأеŷһɿֲڹ⣬¡һһӰСݣϵ
ţ
λʥһ
ͼϵֺڳеһתһƴڰ³ͷϣ˵˲С쵰£ǲӻòͷ𣿸Ͻߣ
˵ţһӣһƬڹס³תߡ
ͬʱϵµλǼ£ղֻᣬ͵ɶҲûͺá
û£ϵӰһ̲ټٶ֮죬Ŀࡣ
һʥ־ֲôӸղŸ˽üϳϵֻһ־
Ҳʲôɻô죿
ʥ˽ԲΪȻ
Сܿ͹ȥǴ㶯ʱⷢ
ͬˡ
ʥü˪ԭ
ʥҲ
ǵʶУ˪ԭһǿƥϢֲ֣ڲͬ
һ̤ʥĴڣ
ĴͳͬһֳĶ̫Ҳˡ
Ѫʥɫ䣬ɭȻ
ãһҵȵͳʧڴ˵ʥֻ¾Ҫһˡ
ʥ˵
ڴʱ˪ԭԶһº͵λѲĴǣҵֻǰս޲ֵ˼
һɫ꣬Цеģһ޺ģվڱѩǧ֮ء
Ƿеһλʥˣǧ
òˡ

ߣսԣ˭Ĵ˼ȵܷмסҵ˵ŭ𡣡
ڤʥߡ
ѪҲɫơ
һʱžҲ˭ٿڼԶطƺȷֻΪս
÷λʥн԰١
жɣսپ
һֲĽ⣬˺գңңԶ庣ɢȥ
¡¡
庣ϣԭļžƣǻӿɲĽƲεأ赲һɽ⡣
׼һӣʥӳ񱩵Ľ꣬ǵأХȥ
ͬʱʥҲ֡
ˡ
ʥһףһӲӵһͷزõĻƽʥΣ뺣
ৣ
ʥ̽һץָӡٻĿֲܡ
ϣ
Ѫʥսһ˲ұѿһķ϶ɢ庣
ͬһʱ䣬ڤʥˡʥҲ̶֡
ؼ䣬ɫ䣬ɳʯ
Ƭȫ߶ֲʥ⣬ֲֳľԶԶһеϢ;
庣ϵĽȷܿɲ
λʥ˲δ̤УҽֻΪջرѹеʥ˳ɱѰѵȷѲǡ
ܿ죬ʩչͳ庣һֱӡ

ţ
еѰٿȻһΣյϢѣ۾
¡¡
ڵĹµ֮ǰˮӿˣı
ʥˣ

ƾŶǶĸӦ˲ѣѰԺоֳǰľɫñ
֮ǰѾԤϵɱ󣬱ȻһԤķ籩
ֻȴû뵽ŹȥʱѣһɱѱϮ
λʥһ濴ѰѰ
ͬʱһ̾ƻϲϱ仯ԭݷڴ˵أȫΪ
˭룬ЩϵͳΪ˶Ըǲϧʥˣңλ
ֹ̫ǴϾɱ
䣡
ףһâӳ⣬Ǭ
ͨ콣
˽ԭѹ޷ʱȴ죬ȥ
Ѱ֪ͨ콣ڵʥ˳ˡ
ûΪҲ޷ס

ܿ죬Ҳӳһɽ㣬ͭʢ⣬գͨ콣ȥ
ز²⣬Գʥ˳ˡ
Ѱһûκγɣ庣ȥ
ʥ˵߿ֲԶɱȡ
У޵ϡ
ʥУϣ
ǲ࣡
ܹ˿߱ʥУܿЩʥ˵Ƕôֲ
ѰҲֻܼϣ庣Ƕˡ
ѰжûãУ౦ɡߡѪӡɫ뺵ʥλںϵʥߡ
֮Ѹ٣ʵܼ򵥡
ЩʥǸԵͳʥͨ飬ϢԻᱻЩʥ˵һʱ䲶׽ٽӦϵȡȻ֮
ֻǣջʥʥȴϲ֮ɫɫһӱ
ӣ庣ѹҵʥʥ𣡡
ŭڣһʱͲͨ콣䲻أ޸ȴҪĴۡ
ɱˣʥӱ븶شۣ
ʥҲűѹѣЩʥ̶ܵͬȵˣʹĶڵѪ
ǿΪϣȴ޷ںʥ
ΪУʥҪҪһЩغһͳӴĳ֮ƣ
˵ȱ
ˣӲģһᣬԹ־ܣһһʹ죡
෢һХ⿪أ˲ѣס庣ɿӶݵѰ
ˣƾʥ֮ȻѹѰ
ڣȴѰܣӺ͸߸ϵ̬һ仰ֵ쾡¡
ѰһһɿɲסԼƾζ޷˦ѣâڱǡ
ɫ΢䣬ʶʥʥ˵Ŀֲ
ǰɴûʥ˶ŹΪԼѾ㹻߹û룬Сȴڡ
ôԶһǶȴɱԷɺܿɲ
䣡
ѰһҧԥǶʱ䣬ѣӳǳкӲӵǻԡ
ϣǻӿڣѰӰԡУޱ貣绯һס
ף˼Ȼܹô˺ֲǰЩŵɱô
һУȴţϸɫĮһ־ԵţһͷȤ
ȻԣҲֻȤվֻˣעӲɱ³



1093 ;ĩ·
ʥ֮֮٣㻹˵˹ʳܵĻ
Ѱǻȼյþŭ
ЭҲ־ܣΪͷעǸĳԼ
ЩϼһˣɱԼĿܸģ
ǺǣһֻСϣΪý޵𣬻Զ
ʱѪʥȲȳˣңԶ룬һͬڽѵФ㣬ͷ޾ζ
ѣ㣬Сϻ컯żŪæƺģʵĸΪ
䣡
ѰƿؽжԿ
һ˲䣬ǻ糱ֹϼ벨𣬵סһ
ϣһĻȴʥ뷢ӹԶ庣˵ץסܹƿ庣Ƶķţ
庣Ƕ󸲸ǣԹ˿ƣʥðȻУҲѡ
ܹǶİءǿɾ൱һϽ
ʥȻĶԽԽϲһϽļֵǺε֮
°ɣߣݲϵĴչѰѹһƶɽѰѹȹء

Ѱȣ޾ǻԴӺӿ֣ڷա
һѰǰϣɲڱ˴ײڽƲ£Իᱻһѹء
ѣôֱһСĴô죿ҿɲϣϾˣ䱰ϵ컯ɺܱ󡣡
УʥĿڣӰģûã粻ȴ
Ѱŭգ̲סЦʲôƨʥˣҿһȺǧе
Ͼϣ֪ߵغ񡣡
һʥ˽ɫĮΪ
䣡
ڤʥ˶ˣָһ㡣
ʱ䣬һָۣʥһָѰüĳȥ
¡
ɲһĻ庣Ľ޷ֵһָݿƿ
ѰɣֱǰʽӲӵԣֺͻ͡
գһָ䱻£ѰȴܳѪܵòѪ
аֻ̾ܽǶǧ֮һעܺλʥ˵Կ
ңЩʥ˼թ庣һѰƾ󷴻Եв
ףǸ߹Щϵͳĵߣжϴ󣬸û뵽Ϊ˶ԸԼԷ᲻ϧλʥˣ

ǰһʥ۾
˲ãȻ컯ȻϹţƵһһֵ
ããã˴εԲУ
˽ԸеϲѰ˼Ѱеı컯ϡ
һĪӣʥУȻѰѳΪСͷһȴԶԶѰеı컯⡣
𵢸ˣһ֣ѹӣ
ʥȣЩȲҹζ࣬޲̽Ѱ
䣡
һ˲ʥԶ֣ãã庣һִ䣬Ѱѹ·
ǶںӿֿɲǻԲѿգԿЩ֡
ۣ
һ˲ѰͱôڿѪ㵱顣
Ƕ󳬷ĿܵסλʥһȻֱҲѰܵش
ৣ
Ѱһ⣬ٳ庣ȥ
עͽͣգۼ䣬ǰ·ͱضϣѰ޿ˣ
ϣһʥ˽ԺܵɫĮȻͲѰߣΪǵ

Զڰйսһǿ߽԰̫̾ˣħעҪˡ
ʥһŻ˭棿
עֻѤһʱͽĻ
ϧˣԴ֮ʣܵȴ٣עҪɾͷǷ;ģȴҪѪڴˣӢŰ̾
ͳ磬һѣꡣ
³ûбϵߣǲ˰УһĻʱʱŭеϻˣϵĴ磬ʲôʱˣﵽ׾Ȳȣ
ϵһƴڰ³ϣϴ磿ͬûϢٵۣ㣬һͿϷˣ
³ŭţȰƾҲһǣﶼ˵ˡ
ȻϵҲ³һʱͷס͡
ô£ƶϣ庣ߵĲڣӦŴӱɱοܹǶӦ͵һϷйأΪΡתûг֣
ϵüڷɿݣ¾֮գЩˡ

䣡
սݣһֺֻѹȶʥ˳֣ѩ׵Ʒ棬ѰɣڿѪ
͵ˣαؿ¸㣬ҵɱ㣬˷Ѿ֮ˣ޷ͷ컯ֽԴˡ
ʥòׯȴʥ˸ͰԴоӣڼ̤Ѱϡ
򣡡
ʥ˴ȣһ£ѡ
ֱˡۼѰͽѹͼУسһ֬ƿƿ籡ʢĹϼ
¡
ɽХ˲ҡ
ƾһѰȴ֮յػһѹңֵĵʥܵ͵һΡ
ʲô
˶һʺͻأһֻ϶ѣȻзʥ˵͡
λʥ˵Ŀˡ
һ֬Сƿ
ʥԶԶһƿ̺֮ҶеĲ
Ƕ֮ǰѰһе֬ƿ
⣬Ҳһʥ
λҲҪˣֻҪ֬ƿһ˿Ŀܡ
˶ƿ죬ֵƾ˱һֻתΣΪһԷ˼
ߣǸƾֶΰɣ
˵ʱڤʥѳԱȸղŸɲ
ͬʱҲȿֺû˵
ѹѰǶİء
ȥӶֱ
Ҳƿ
Ѱһվ
һλʥ˵ѿֲ޷⣬ολʥ˵һѹ
飡
ѰشɣѪȾ壬ͷѣ嶼ǹѵĺۼ
ƣ֮
йսǿ߼ˣʶһսֻ¾ͽڴĻ
ħپ׿ʥ֮£Ҳϰ㲻һעҪģ
Ϊ˸Ĵۣϵı컯
ϣ˴֮ʣѰأԲϵͷԡѪӿޱ߷ŭĻ棬ɳƣ϶Щ֮衭ԺѰءʮ
͸޾֮ޣأ
ȫһţλʥ˽ЦǵĮ޻·ɿܻԺ󱨸Ļ᣿㣬˭ˣҲעȲ㣡
𣿡һ翵ȴٿȻ쳹˷ʮأ
У֪ʱһⴹ䡣


1094 ʥ
һ⣬֪ʱ𣬴񷽵٣ƮУǬ
һ˲˱ɫܵһĪѹ֡
ࡢѪڤλʥˣƤҲ͵һ΢С
ΪʥڣȻһ˲Ͳڲ
йսǿУҲʥˣ˿̶һݣ磬뿴庣
أƶһ̼ž
ڴװŪȣüɱ֮ŷ
Ǻǣλִ£˲ǣΪ˴컯ҵȶԵУ
ɫҲΪͳʥǰԤ£ǽջ
УһӨ͸貶вϻۡ
ؼգҲԽԽѹֱ֣
ߣ˭˭ңҾɱ˭
ѪɭȻΪʥڣ㵱ۣǬһɱ˿衣
˵ʱ̽һץһֲѪɫ籩ƾո֣ɢ񺿵ͨĴţѰֶȥ
꣡
ʱһӨ
̫ˣ
˲ʹ͸Ѫɫ籩Ѫʥ˽ǰ
Ѫſڼ䣬Ѫɫۣʥʱһط촷ۿռ䣬Ǭ
ǣãѪɫѪʥϡ
飡
ɲĺУѪʥ˺˳ȥݺԶɽУѹ˲֪ٱѩʯ
˶סԶ̳Ѫʥ˵ʹС
һĻסˣ
ɽ뱻Ҷϣһλʥ˰һķɣײһƬɽ壬ѿձϡ
ɹڿֲ
⡭

Ҹղſʲôһλ߸ϣԸʥ˱ˣ
أԲţԺЩ¡
йսǿ߿ڸò˼飬ֳʵġ
庣ѰԡѪɫĳĺе⣬ƽ
䣡
ϣֲʥǬ䡣
֮ǰһĻҲ𵴣ʶһλǿĶ֣ǲٵ
ǺηѴݹ٣
෢¡¡쳹أһȻƥĽӿȺףҡǺ
ղŶԸѰʱǸʧɱѰʧԵ
ڣʶһλУǽȻʼ¶ʥܡ
˭Ҫ
¡ԶɽУһӴӰվѹϵɽ壬أ˫ͫͬɺѪ£ɲޱȡ
֮ǰѪʥˣ
ֻǣ˿̱ȫͬɱƬؾһζմݱ
йսǿ߽Ȼ׷׺ˣһЩʵ֮Ⱦ˵ʥѹ£ڷء
һ־ηܿƣԴԱܣ
ʥ֮ɽӣʥ֮µ޵һϣ޷Կȫᱻ
ֻǣһλ߸ϵʥˣղȴһķɣһ붼š
ɸһս
Ѫʥ˷ŭҰй׺𣬱Ʋ㡣
һЩ˴Уס̱ڵأһЩ˱Ѫǰֱðǡ
ʥʵڿֲ
¹ȥȻˣһȺαʥѣȴ޷죬ʵ⡣
ؼ䣬һ̾
ͼ콵ϼ罻УһԼʵӰڽۣҪֳ
αʥ
в˻˭˵㻰ӷΪαʥ
Ļȴ˵Ȼ
ʥ죬˵ģ
ɫ䣬Ƭնɲʥ⣬Բ֮أʯ顢عѡﶼֳļ
ʥҲɫơ
̤ʥɾǰèѳѳ;̤ʥ;ɸղ¶ζȴŲм
תϻˣ֪ʲôαʥУ³һɴ۾
žһְһƣϵٷϻúÿϷ
˵ʱҲܲƽƲʲôš
䣡
庣УȻкһ꣬Ĥһλͻͣ
գһԼʵӰ۶ɢʥĳȻϢ񷡣
ǣиʮأ鶼ֻܸ׳Ƴơ
һ־Ŀֲ
ʲô֮ϣ
ˣ
ڳʥҲǼߴ˵ĴڣǵһӰʱҲоܵһԵѹȡ
˭
ΪŻж
ֹǷλʥˣ˿̣Щʥ˶ɲǵϢʥϣǶеһֳѹ
䣡
ڶһԼӰֶڣʮѹ֣
ǰˡѰҲΪ
꣬ŮᣬѾǵڶˣǱȵɽˮĵزǶϲѰġ
һܹ֮ڣѾˣڣһԹսɡ
Ů䣬ϣһ貵зɹƮгʢ뵣ֹϼ˸ݡ
ߣδ̫д˰ɣ˵ʲôˣ
ϣӿӳ򽣳ۡ
ͬʱаŮӵĻǺѰСϵӶԵģϣ
ΣԶŮ⡣
һ仰ȫ𶯣λʥΪ⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
˽ŭ
֮ǰѼɹȴŮֶһ񣬱ջ𣬶ֱ裬˭̣
ְɣ
Ѫȣսѣ񺿣ͨĴţն˹ȥ
ʥ죬ַѣ㴥ˣ
ͬʱڤʥҲһ֡
ɲǼ䣬ƬʥԽ֯ϣ쳣ˣλʥһʥɱŮӡ
һĻֲ̫
йսǿУҲΨʥ˲εĴڣܳסսͷųѹ۾ʹ޷ȥ졣
ৣ
ͬʱ庣ϣŮ貨ȣҲչж
־Өʥ磬֯һѭһһ磬ֲľ󸡳Уճ䡢±Ǩ
ԼԼ˼¡¡ڶĤݡ
飡
һնĽڰд飬Ȼɢ
ͬһʱ䣬һӨסѪʥ˵սһͽսϡ
Ѫʥ˴УһΣѹòѪ
һ࣬ʥָӡĻ硣
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬ӡֱӱ۰򶼱俪Ѫ˲䱬飬ұ۱١
һĻˡ

ʥеĽɫزõĻƽ籡ɲʥ򣬳ô˻ѵŮӽǰ
ȴŮָ̽һ飬һƬƵģνɫסߵߴ磡
󣬽ɫıУըѣɫĹ꣬ƬնȾɽɫ
ӳĵŮǴԼӰһ



1095 ʥ
ʥ˼Уﱻ٣Ѫ
йսʥ˽۾Ķڲڡ
䣡
ʥʩչһطʣޱȣһУʥ˶ش
ֻǣȿŮȻһķţ˻ĥ
ۣ
Ӱģĸʥ˿пѪӰо䶯
ͬʱ۵һһͭӱķɣڤʥһģŵŵŵ˳
ȫţ
庣ϣԼʵӰƮ裬绪
ͨؾλصŮӣһ֣չֳɣգۼ䣬ƵʥΧˣ
ʥ޿ɺŮӾ˭
У˫Ŀиֳε𾪡
ν棬һѣͳֳݿĳ棬˭ܲ𶯺ļ£
˭
ԶŮһ˰գ£һֳ֮ص
ÿһ磬ܻ֮Ϊһ磬Լ䣬ޣĤݵ
ϰ󣬶˸ţ죡
ϣλʥɫ𲻶
˭
ǵѳʥڣŻ߷壬ȴڴȴܣŸһ־ͱˡ
ԣֱĵ飬һֺܾòᵽĳ衣
ΪѾܾò˻ˣ
ûˣȻαʥҲϹЩһ̫ԶŮ䣬̾Щꡣ
Ǻηʥ˵˴󻰣
ɫľŭһһαʥؽţеޱȿܡ
˭
Ů죬˵ǻʸ֪
һ仰
ǿλʥˣȴֵ֪ʸûУһֽԸ
йսǿ߶Ϊˡ
ѵΪҵκβ㣿
ѪЦͫѪ£ɭȻˣλöɱˣֻ»ᱻΪǺۣ
Ů䵭۸Σ˭ˣ߳˵أ
ǺǣΪʲôط˸ҵȵͳǿ㣬Ҫ£Ҳ䣡
罣ɱ硣
ЩǵԣǾٵ飬˶ϰɡ
ŮӺƽɻеζȴĺ
ǡҪʥ
Ѱ𶯲ѣŮԭֻֻ
Ͼǿλʥˣֲޱߣߴ˭ɱ֮
ڣŮչֳ̬ȴǰǿƣʥѰɿƽ
ʶһʼ͵͹λŮӵǿ
ɱ
ڤʥ˺ֱӣȻ
˲䣬ͭǰδеܣһӿգݡҰ֪ٵʯľ˲촷ֲۣס
ԱϹǿ̫̫࣡
Ҳֻʥˣܳ״߷ʥܡ
¡
⣬ѣ̳ϯ߿գɢƲ㣬庣Ůɱ
ȹƣԱȸղǿ౶
Ҫ֪庣пɲǶ󣬿ڣȴ޷Դ˱赲
ĳϧϹʱҲһӢȴû䵽αʥƿصĵز
ڤڤƮأͼŮ̽һֻ֣һġ
ˣ
ɽĳ׻͵ҡ
ɢ籡ǹϵͭϣֳͼвľ㡢ޡǳȣֳĳ֮
ǿȴڴ˿̱ĵҲ
Ӳʥǵȳ֮еĸ·ʥ˶ͷĿ࣬ʶŮӵĿ¡
λǻҪȵʱ֣
ڤʥ˴Ҳǳ֮ãսǡ
ڣȴɱŮӾ֮Ӳ
ϣ
ͨ콣ӳ绯һ޵нʥϣҷƣɱ
ͬʱӡ౦ɡѪѪӡ˽ɫ뺡
¡¡
ʥλʥˣڴ˿ȫһʥսڴĻױ
һʱ䣬ѣУݡļ󣬵貾ʥ⣬˵˼£
⣬ȷһϵʥ֮ͻ˸Ž񣬾·ơ
죡
ˣ
Уսǿ߶ڵһʱɫ䣬׷˱ܡ
ⷽԲ֮أѱֲʥ⣬һȻʥˣעҪǱ
ʥ֮£֮ܣ
ҲҺ庣һأ磬עɲɹĻֻ
¡¡
ʥԲٲҴţôǿͨ
庣췭ظˮִ֮ǶֲУ˵ֻѱˣ
̫ã֪˭ˡ
ŮȴƲһתƣǧӳٿȻС
䣡
ͬʱ̧һӳӨӲӣһѪʥ֮ǰ
򣡡
Ѫʥ˱ȣѪӡХܻһѪɫǵأҪƬǬ
ǣһȴԵɲ֮ﲻƣѪɫУ̴һ赲
¡
ǰѪɫһݺ˺ѿһѪӡҲ
ĩˣֱսì͸Ѫʥ˵壬Ӳ˰У
̫ˣһжޱȵѸ
սŸȫ汬ǿѪʥˣһʥΪֽᴩգӬǽϣ޷һ˿һ
ΨУޱȵʹ
ˣͻأ

һӳӨ͸ʥ󣬳գٿȻ䣬߽
ৣ
ͬʱŮӰƾʧٳʱʥǰ̧һ
ܣ˶ѹأǴ籬飬̱ཬ
ֻǣڴʱ౦ɡɫ뺡ͨ콣ɱŮӶ޿ɶ㡣
ɲŲæԵ쳣򶨺ʹݡ
Ψɢǧ磬裬ʳضΪֲ֮ܡ
飡
Ͻɡ

ͨ콣ڷÿһնǳͨ죬ȴ޷Щ磬ֻܼޱȵײĽ
գͨ콣Ҳϡ
ĵǽɫ뺣ǶȻһƬɫǧŮֶ¡
ףԭǴ˱
Ů¶һ˿ȻзҪХɻƵġ
ʱһŽɫ͵һͣٿ֮䣬ǻһͷӲӵݣչգʳϼضȾɽ֮ɫ
Ů̽ƣǻƽݶʱɵȥһ䡣
ޱȵһĻڳˣ


1096 ѹʥ
ǿѪʥˣŻǧ£ƿѪӡȴɱ壬Ӭ㶤ա
ʥˣΪһŮʥȴӦͱѹأ̱࣡
ˣͨ콣౦ɡߵʥչ¶һһ
һĻĻۻȴʵطת˲֮䣬ľ𺧣
Զսʥ˶𶯣׷Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
ȷ˼ס
ǿɶǰ֮۵ʥˣһܾĤݣ±Ǩڽգ֪˶Ѫĥǵ֮뢡
ǣŮǰȴԵúܲ
սűãʥͱ񡢴ݿ
Ůʼգˣӣ赭дȴ͸˵ܡ
Ʈ裬ŮȻѭӳ죬Ȼ˫
ģһͷƽ䣬ʳĻƽӳĵŮƻá
ܣҲڵ뺣ΪΣΪλ˳㣡
Զʥɫ粻š
ûи㣬˱ǺŮڤ
ӣ
ڵĿʦϹʱһλͨߣνš
Ϊ߳ʥˣĿ֪ܲӣ
֪ľŮˡ˭֪һЩ޷֪飿
ʥҲɲ֣ŮӾʲôͷ
ϻʲôɱ˭ˣ
Զȡ
䣡
ͨ콣⣬ͷնŮӡ
ɱ
Ҳ֣޷뺱ᡣ
αʥվαʥϹţڵעʥһ̾ǾأִԲ򡣡
ŮһףǻƽݷߣȻת޳ԼӰһ˲伷Ǭ޸ߴ
ৣ
һӳٴסͨ콣
ŮΪǣͨ콣ͨ콣ڵ֮նâ˸˸ϯķ
ۣ
౻նһۡ
㾪ûɳ뵽ԼŵʥãҪ
¡
Ҳڤʥãɱ
˵ͭԣһɹ֮ޱȵĻֺͿɲ
飡
Ůһ𣬾ӨʢȼյĴƵģǵأݺݳڳϡ
ɽĳֱӱɣգҵĺ
ڤʥ͵شѪʹУܵ˷ɡ
ɱ
ͬʱҲɱӰģƵģĲ˼飬ٿŮӱ
ϧעͽͣһ粻֪ʱѺӳסνǡ
ָͲһ߾룬ҪŮӵıϣɾ룬ȴҲٰ첻
ҿ
ŭʥֲɼһȴ͵òɺ屻ԽԽ
꿦꣡
󣬸ǶնϣڱѪҽУҡ
һʥˣ˿ȴԵ
ʼգŮӸͷ֪ĸ޾֮ʹࡣ
Զսʥ˳ĺʶŮӼһʥʥ
ĿھͶ֮䣬λʥһһģκʥ塣
ಣ
һɲԥѡӶݡ
򲻹
Էȫһ־ѹУʥ޷Է⻹ô
һ뵽˴ʦڶȴɱöжףǱȥ඼һĸо
˭˵ʥ޾壿
ֻûǸǿĴڰˣ
ʱ֮֮࣬ǰԸʥڵķǿԣֻɥ֮Ȯ
򲻹Ҫӣû
Ůӿʱԣÿһ³Ƭؾ縲һ
ʱƬؼ䣬绯һ
飡
Ųжӵķ࣬ڰ;վըǱ
ԭӶݣҲߵڤʥ˳ŲգȴȻ֣ƬصĿռȫˣ
һӣڤɫ
ʱѪա̱ࡢұ۱նڤӶţ
һУƬ̼䷢
ʼգŮӶʩչʲôܣ޷ǼвУҲеɲ⣬绪
ڵǣûнҲûӶݣһܵģˡ
֮ǰһĻĻ̫𺳣ȻΪʥˣȴֻܸܵһǰδеĿ־塣
ֿ־壬Ѿܾûˣ
Զսʥˣ˿Ҳ
֮ǰΪѰϾλʥ˳˭棿
Ůӵĺ֣ȴһзת
ʥƳУ޿赲޿ƥУǵϷɣֱ
˭
ɻһθÿͷÿһΣ޾𺳺Ͳڡ
ԶѰҲѪţ֮ǰսһĻĻУҲǷڲѡ
ʲôѹʥ
ˣ
ŮֳķɣѰ㽣ʲôʱԼҲӵƣ
һգŻУ˭֮ǰǰԴԼ

Ѱظ֣ᶨ
֪ԼֻҪص;һֱȥһ죬Ҳ㣬Ⱥۣ

мžսĻ
˭֪ٴȥҲע
ʥɫޣһη֣Ϊһϵˣȴ˴鷳֮ˡ
˵ʲôˡ
ΪʥаǺ͵Ըʹ˵ͷ
ѣҵȳϼˣѾͲģΪ֮£ͳս
һڡ
Ǹҿս𣿡Ůƽ쳹ؼ䣬һȺαʥкʸһͳ濪ս㵽ס
ͷһŮֻһˣԴ֮УƸ嵱κεͳ
˻˭ҽӣΪĵͳ֮սܻᶯҡͳ
С棬ָԤѾ˲ݣʥҲöˣ
Ůӿƻõ磬˾
ԴƽȴһĨ⣬ȫԾ塣
ҵȴֻΪջʥⲢˡ
һһοɱҵͳôˣҵԳͷûдɣ
꣡
Ů̧һָ׻ڲ֪˶ٹͷʹƺա
һλʥˣȴ޷֮ȥ˭ţ
ڣͻǰ
ԴСбȻˣҲϣҶǳͷǷд
ŮˣοΪҲɱˣ
⣬˶Уȴ羪ֱ񣬷ɱ
ȫëǾ㤣



1097 ʥΪ
ţΨŮƮ
ࡢڤʥɫޣбƶ衣
ΪʥˣѾòһ¹עⱾһܾĿж
룬ʦز۲˵䵽زȳ裬ʥϣһֻҪһ
ȥԺ˻οǣ
һ룬÷ǱƵѪ
ѣǴưոˣ
ڤʥ˳ʡ
Ȼ
Ůӻشĺ⣬С֮ѣȴԴСһΣԵ浱޿Ϳⱻ裿
һԶսʥ˽һӦȻˣ
ĸͳѰΪ޸ƼһȻʳڣȺףûĸͳϡ
ˡ
ڶʤҲͬˣ
ݹЩѰɱĵͳһڴѹѰʱͼɵ
ûУ
ԭΪΣ
޷ΪѰ̣Ϊһˣδɣƾ׸
Ůӵǿ֣ƱҪΪѰЩԺʹѹѰĵͳֻ¾Ҫסˡ
ҵȵͳΪУô˾Щ֣
˽Ծŭ
֣ҪֵĻѴɱ䣬¶һ
Ůӻ䣬˵⣬ٿȻһεƣɢȫ
ԼһһһǰȵͳݷãĸͳѰҾȥԴСҲᣡ
һ̣ӰԼϢͨʮأ˻ϣɢ
Ҫ£ҪΪħͷ
˴һ
Զ׼Խħ޸Ƽ󣬻վһλͨŮӣ˭ٶ֣͵ȵ
ת䣬עº䶯
Ͼ֮ǰѰɵһɢޣһҫۣȴ粨ϡ
תۼ䣬ͳһͨͷ
ⱳֹ֮ˣֱùϵͳס
ԶѰй̷ȣһǰδе𺳣ȴǸж
ԴӽŻѪɱն٣ÿһζΪģͬҲͷŭ֮ʱ
׷ɱʱֻӣ
ÿһߣԴŲʡŷŭ衣
УŴ֮ҫޱȣⱳĸ˭֪
ӵоǿ˭ֻѡӶݣ
˭ָ׷ɱԼ
ΣѰվһˣããẒֻ̇Լǿ󣬵ȴгһձ
ζû޷˽⡣
ŮӺճֹΣѣδͷ£Ѱܲж
Ȼ䣬Ѱսȭͷ
֪Ůô޷Ϊɨ赲;ܹƽز뵽֮УӶȡɾ;߾
ǰҲʧġѰૣһ֮ģڴ˿̱üᶨޱȡ

㡭㾿ʲô
ͬʱɫ䣬㲻Լ䣬ǰǵĵͳһһݷãԾ߲ƣ
û𣿡
ŮӵҾ˵һ飬ԴС
һһ٣عɽӲڡ
䣬ŮӲٳɣһӣһ貵ӳֱλʥˡ
飡
оĿע£λʥˣٿȻ֮䣬һͷ
㡫
ྪִȴֻеұģһʥΪȫ޷ʩչ
ȥܻЦ
Զʥˣûֱð⣬죬ʲôֶΣܻʥΪ
ȻѰһ㲻Լ۾ֶΣѿƶ֮컯Ϊˣ

ڤʥ˼ˣܵĪľţһͷɾ޷ܣԸΪ
ɲһ֡
һҲһͷҽУ裬һģ
Զʥ˳ɵۣ֮ǰŮԣӷΪ
룬˻ڴ˿Ӧˣ
ң
ʥĿѣջͽͣҲűһͷ
ţ̱ڵصʥˡĸʥҲԻһͷ
Цĵʥˡ
ѣͽУȴԼһӾͱˣͷأҪһͷײڵϡ
ɽе̫Ӳ涼ٳӣȴȻɱС
յѪʥˣˣûб
ֱӱԭΣһͷ칷ȴǺһСƤëں˳һҲûʲô
ˣλʥˣһԭΣΪһͷڹԶԶȥԵûĵ档
ֻû˸ţһλ֮ϵʥˡ
йսʥˣˡ
ֶΣֱδţδȫ
õǿŮӵĿ⣬һ˵ļɵ
³ûסЦӶЦۡ
֮ǰһֱѰΣŭţŹսȴ־ƲתҲϲ񣬵ʱͰԸпϵĴ磬ɽԵ
ֱڣʥ˻ĻһĻʱֲ֧
ž
ֻǺþ³ϾͰһƣϵҧгݴСЦƨܷЦģϽӱ죬ǳˣӿɲƨɣ
˵ţһЦԶңң֣֪֪͵컻ա֮Ī֡
ŮƳһۣϵô˷
ϵæҡͷֻ˵˵ûʶϾ֮ͨλϹžŽٺ٣Ϲ²⣬ѱЦҲǧᣡ
Ŀ˸Цúܼ٣ڵģ³ܿϻһֲϵģԵúα
ǣαֵúܳ㡣
ҲᣬҲñˡ
Ůһֱĵ
òˡ
ϵæӦС
ĿһĻйʥˣȻϵֻҲһǷ֮
Ѱ
Ůӻ˻֣ʱ䣬ѰӰ类ŲƣŮӽǰ
ǰ
Ѱ񣬼߾룬Ѱ޷Ůģ
žӨ磬ʥ೬Ȼ޷ŵա
ˣȴƾ
뼫ȴѰһԶߣңɼĴ£ֻɴ
Ըһȥ򣿡
Ůʡ

ѰһʱҪ򣬷Ҫʥ
Ը⡣ԥʹӦ򼤵ѣ۹Ž˭һʥΪ󣬷У
ֶΣνͨ죡
ǣ˸ţ
ȺͺڹһʥˣԺ󣬶÷֮͹֮ؼͣͷ蹷



1098 ̤Ϻɽ
ʥ
йһʥ˽ԵһɺӼӿǣֱðߡ
ԭΪʥ˱֮״Ѿ㹻衣
Ůӻ㣬ʥУ⡭ֱǽЩʥ˵ϼ̤˼ޣ
ԺȻţҲעɨأ̧ͷ
˭
йʥɵˡ
ҲڴʱزԶŮӻȻתһɨӹЩʥ˽Իһ
գѸ£Ժ󵫷˭ԴСҲҲǰȵͳһ⡣
ˣЩʥɫ𲻶
ͬҾַֺ
仰˴֮࣬ʱˡ
С棬ŮӸᣬ˭ٸԹϵͳԾӣݣѰôһԵţԱ
һλֲޱߵŮˣҪĸͳֻ¶صغ
߰ɡ
Ůһɽ𶯣Ʊãϼ籡ľ
ʱһӲӵչ峤գ޾
㱼䣬˷ƶŮǰУڿգɻ俪·
һϼƮ裬ʥĹ꣬ΪŮӱݻ
˾ֱƴ˵еŮ۳У
⡭
Ȼʥֻ¶ӵʥɣ
Զʥź˵ۣǶеޱȵľ޺𺳡
ɲǼ䣬ŮӰʧΨһƬƬ˸񷣬ƻá
ŮһʧģѰԼһȺһ
Ȼȥʥˣ

عţ庣֮ϻָƽ
ֻǣйʥĬþò
ŬһС
λʥ˳֣Ѿ·ƣλʥȴѣ֮
һĻĻעҪŻڣ
Խµͳ˭ǰԴѰӣ
ȷʵѰӱ츳׿ӵо֮Ǳܣһɽɹ̣֮ƣע޿赲
ֻǺ棬Ůӡ˭
ЩԲͬͳʥۣղŵһսǶܵ
Ԥ¸޷ȻҪ󶯵
ϻˣҲȥɡ
³һڴ򰡣һȺʥⳡԺܴ̼
ϵɫӣ̾¡ûǱϣŮ˵ͷɺܲ򵥣ұΪϹѾ˭롭˵Ҳա
³һԵɣ̲סţϻˣﵽ˵ʲô
ž
ϵһƴڰ³ϣżƨ˽飿̤߾˵
˵ţһקס³תնȥ
ϻˣҪʲôҿɲشˣҪȥҴ磡³۴С
νлǱˡ
庣ϣȺ뿪ƬӰָ

ڵһʱ䣬ϢʹŻ𶯣
һιսʥУһλԷʥˣϢٶ벻춼ѡ
ŻĴ磬ϢĵطȻ󲨡
ʥУ˽Ϊħ˭룬ȴ˾ת
죡ŮӾ˭ѹʥ
ں䶯ըÿһ޷ƽ
Ϊһսǣʥ֮벻Ŀѣ
ʥУ⡭ֱţ
һЩϵͳõϢʱˣеĿġ
죡ٴ̽̽ϢΣҪǺճŮӾ˭
ż
ħʲôʱһɽѵĳʥ֮еϹŶ
ۡ⡢ڲͬĵطݡ
£ӿ
һ粨ϯ֮ǰŮӺѰѾһȺһڹһΡϵɽǰ
ٶȷʵܿ죬Ѱԣֻʮ֮䣬ѺŲǧ֮ңԶ
ƾΪô͹еմŲƣѰҲ֮
Ǻɽ칷ķԴأƾȺ࣬од塣
Ůڵ

ǰѪʥĺڹܻͣﾡ߷֮ɫ
ɵŮĿ⿴ȥڹһ£ʵڵɪɪ
ѰЩ㱣⻹ʥ𣿵Ǳ
ǵץʱˡŮƲʲôȻ̧ͷңң˿񷡣
һ˲ѰŮ¶һ˿˵ĺ⣬ʲôΪųĶ
䣡
ѰףŮ̽һֻ֣һġ
ͼԶΡɽܣ͵ӿֳһֲޱߵѪɫ赲һơ
ɽ˲䣬ͺȻݳһ׷ɡ
ѰһûɽϵĴӦһʥ䲻ǶǰֲҲ
ڣȴһƾʹ飡
˭
ĸͽ£
ɽȻһ䣬ɽϳĹϽȺ۴αȣһ۾ͷ
ʱһȺ޵ߵӰɱڣԾŭޱȡ
û뵽ϻ˸ҵǺ칷ܾ֮Ұ
ɵɽһһŮԼһȺһڹʱЩ޵߽Ժܴ㵡
⻭Ҳ̫ˣǺɽˣһȮ
ȵȣ
ֻǣϸһһڹЩ޵۾ֱˣȮǵһˣ
һӣɫޱȣѰŮӵĿⶼŨҵɱ
ֻǣŮƳһۣЩɱڵĺ칷ǿһһʹǰڣͨͨȫһأһԻ˹ȥ
ҽж
Ѱһ˿ЩڹŹˣע޷뵽ǰλһλֲĴڡ
ǲǺȤŮʡ
ѰҡͷЦʹ죡
ŮӵҲʹ죬ԴСҲһЩзļһ۸
ɽǽȥ
˵ţһȺһǰȥ
֪˺칷ܾ֮أһϵͳĴӪŮȴ֮˵ͽ¶ĴǣѰҲһѪڡ
¡
ŮǰУɽƴȻȫȴֽ㣬ݱ޷赲Ĳ
ڴ˹Ук칷ǿ߳飬糱ˮɻȿͷ׷׵ز
ûһվţܹ赲
Ѱһα𺳵ˣԼҲӵͨΪ֮󣬺δȥ
Ȼ̶ѨҲƽأ
ɽ󣬼ʣɽ뵣ȣɼȪ٣ɲ⣬ȫһɼұص
ɰŮӺѰ룬칷ܾ֮أԭƽƣױö



1099 Դ
ɽһֺڡ
һλڵΪ׵һ߿ࡣ
ǹĸס
Ǻ칷峤һλ̤㳤Žپֻһž̤ʥĿֲڡ
峤ųģȴ庣֮ϣҡҺúް
õѪ˶ѾѰСؽ⻹ĵģ
˵ʵŹѶҲŭޱȣһľ콾Ǽϣڴ̤߾Ĳѡ
ڣȴɱˣ
庣Ͻ֣СУѪأԲġ
ֻǣ˵꣬ͱüϣڻѪ˵ʥ죬ܴȵģ
˻һŵˡ
ŻİɣοɲѪˣλʥһѰСĿܣ
䣡
ʱɽ´ҵĺɽҡҲ
ʱ䣬ڵΡ衢յﶼҲʱ׹أȻѡ
˺£ɫһб˵Ѫâ
峤ˣɱǺɽ⣬һǿ߻Žе
ôĵӣ֪ĸͳֱˣŭ
Ǻ칷鲼ŻӴֻȥַ˵ķݶʱɱŹ
ϵͳ
ֻһһŮˣһȺ򣡡λǿ档
һȺ򣿡
⧲£㲻Ŷ䣬ѵһǿߣ
ǣǡǾһȺͨͨλǿҲһ±ƣ֪νˡ
˭ҺɽҰ˭뿪
ɫ䣬ɱڣȥ
䣡
ɽھһζɽľ顢Ȫٶҽ
Ůⲽ̬ȻžӨ硣
ǰһȺһ
ɽϷһ
ɰǰУһ·ϳĺ칷ǿ߻ûп׻׷׵ز
ԴˣŮӿҲӰԼԹԵɽ
Ѱ͸һԣһĻĻУҲʹ첻ѡ
ʱͱ칷׷ɱֱִﶫʤ磬Էɲݣ겻ɢ
ڣһжתһֱӵ˺칷Ĵţһ·ǰУ֮
޿赲
˭죬֪Һ칷ĵ̣Զһ̤ǿ߱ȡ
ֻǣĿŮʱȴ׻ûɳǡʥ
δ䣬Ȼʹɵڵء
󣬻ʮλǿߣһĻɵˣҲͨͨһء
ŮӿһǰУʵÿһسɴ磬ٶȼ졣
ִɽʱĵ;ϣ˺˵壬ǶûüӦͱʹȥ
ҲеֱӱеѪȾɽ壬ԭڣԲѷֱӶ
ǽ壬ǳɲ
찡ӣԶһĻĺ칷ǿߣŵŤͷɽϡ
Ƕѿûлأ̫ˡ
һȺ£
أޱȵ쳹ںɽ¡¡ص
ͬʱṲ̊ɽ·Ӱɽ
ɽۣ֮ƽϵĽƺڣϼȣһ
һŮϣ˶ȾһƻðϢ
ʥˣ
һ۶ѣԭŭĹ类˽ˮ侲ü䲻ƵشϾ֮ɫ
ʥˣ
֣ԭ궯ҵĺ칷ǿ߽񱻶ԭأ
УһƬš
еĿ⣬ͬһط
һһŮһȺһڹ
⻭棬ôôͻ
һΣһλʥɱţȴһȺһô͸ŹŹ֡
С
أһһԹضŮߵѰһҧ˵ӡ
ͷһҲϳѰˣ֮ǰŮ壬ûϳ˭
û
ζѪǰ庣ж
뵽⣬һɫ粻Щš
峤ɱɱΪҶ𣡡
˵ļУɫ΢䣬س֣һ˸ˣⴿʶĶ
Ϊһλʥǰ˽Ǻ̫أ
ôȥɽӣ͸һɰ෢Ϣ
ŮӿڣһܣЩʧ
ƽȴ͸ϵϣؼ䣬ڳ˻ܵһԵѹȡ
֪ѴΪ£
һֱŮӻе
ֻǾڴʱһޱȵ𣺡°ɣʥ˼٣ֻϷԽӴ
һӰݣۣƵߣƾ֣˳С
ѪǴˣ
ڳ칷ǿ߽Ծһеѹֺ;һɨա
ѪʥˣһλѾչؽǧϹ
ԹǶԣһλĴڣǰǡ
һȺǰΪ˺£
ѪʥϣɫƽؿŮӣѰֱӾͱˡ
һǰӳǸ
Ůڵ
ѪʥŽĿ⿴Ѱ
һ˲Ѱܵһǰδеѹ궼ڲڣƽһĿ⣬ԽԼĨɱ
۾ãҿ԰ȡҲáŮӴ˻һѰٸȫѹͲȫʧ
ͬʱѪʥҲջĿ⣬ЦѿĪҪЦֻǺ棬ʲôԭΪһСϧɱҺɽ
ܼ򵥣ԴСҲֻһˡŮڵ
Ѫʥһˣæһ
˲䣬Ѫʥɫ΢䣬ӿſɲâѣܷ֪庣֮Ϸʲô
ŮӵȻ֪ˡ
˵ţ̧һָǣԴڵϣһ޲طȥĺڹ˵ˡ
ڹȻѪʥˣɽϳʥˣȴϵԼ壬ңҪԼˣ̫裬߷ˡ
û⡭֮ˡ
ѪʥüҲգ˵ɣѴννף
ʮԴɡŮӵ
Դ
ȫ˲Ȼɫ䣬Ǻһ¼һ޶ϡ
£ҲֻԴ֮زϣ
ңԴÿǧһڣޣ˵ˣԼ嶼ֵģ
ŮһҪʮԴ񣬷ʨӴ󿪿ڣ



1100 ȥ
˷߷߲ƽΪŮʨӴ󿪿ڣΪһۣ
ֻڹƤëں˳жˣӳֵһֱڵأź޲ط
ҵĻɫҲֵʮԴ
õϵѪʥ֮ǵ˼Ѫ񲻿ɣң
ֱ̣
ѣҺ칷ƵĺᣬһͿҪʮԴ⡭ǲЩˣ
Ѫʥ˻ڣޱȣһӣȴһεϡ
ô˵ΪֵǮˣŮʵ
ֵһ㶼ֵ
Ѫʥ˵࡭ҲֵԴ⻹ǿڵϣĻǺǡ
û˵꣬˼ѱ¶š
ɼˣڳ칷ǿɫѿ
̤ɽţһ·˲֪ˣ񷴵ҪԷֱ̫
Ѱ̲סЦɫŹ֣ϼһ֪ݣֻ·ǳԼͲɡ
ȻˣҾͲˡŮӵ

ʱ򣬵ϻڹѪʥ˼ˣ̧ͷѪʥ˿ͣһŭޱȵģ
󵨣Ҷ񣡡ԱߵĹѱһˣԥһž˹ȥ
飡
ڹֱӵɣʮʯϣ̳Ǳ֮
ѰһҪ并ĴָǺڹһ峤һӲ߷һλʥˣ
ȴڹһ˻ˣַ˷蹷
ۼһ˲ϣɫ࣬ݺʰһ٣ͼѪʥƲʲô͵ʧס֣
һȣףأùһ򣬲ϡ
Ҳľɫ䣬ԡ
㡭ѪѪб˵âǿ͵ĺڹ
һ̣ѰڹۿˮĺۼҲ֪ϲʲô
ȫžȫɵۣ㶿ŵϵĺڹԼǲˡ
Ѫˣ
ڹѪˣ
ǹղſǺݺڹһţһݺʰһ룬ȴת
һӣɫס
ѰվûסЦˣǰһĻֱ̫˼ȫζܶΡ
գѪʥȷʵɫһӱޱȣŮӣѣҺһˣ
Ҳŭѵеޱȳ裬һλʥˣȴʹ˭̣
ŮӲ裿̸ϣֻǶĳͷˣһս
赭дԴǣȴ¶һ޷ݵضΪ֮һڸ׳Ƴ
ڳЩʥµǿߣֻԺ˵һǰֱðǣܵޱȵѹȣϢ
һ̣Ů绯ףϰƣѪʥ˶ɫһ䡣
ڹֽޱȽ
Ѫʥ֮֮ͨҲ֪˵ʲôѪʥɫ𲻶
̧ͷŮʱѴһĨľɣš
Ѱܲ³ѪʥֻѾ˽⵽˷庣֮ϵһĻĻ
ãԣ
գѪʥһϣȡһľʺӣڣڷʮӡ
ͨӨѩÿһڽԱ澹ӡƣ˿˿緢˿âϣŷŨޱȵ
⣬Ǳں칷رԴеǧһڣǿġ
ŮƳһۣͷԸѰ¡
ѪʥжһۣʮԴɾ͵Ļһӷˣ
ڿˣѪʥ˳
ˡ
ŮӵͷһɨڳˣֻŰݷã´ٷԴС飬ǾͲֹǰݷǰˡ
в
˭óѪʥջǿסĵɱȻˣѿԷ˰ɣ
գŮѪʥˣѰһһȺ뿪ˡ
ʱɽŶϣһ·֮ȵѪʥҲòͷ
ȥʱͬ˸裬˸
ɣѰҲǴ۽磬ֶΣȻǹһˣ޿Ҳע˸ۣ

ˣΪҪӦѵƾһʥˣ
ãҧгݵ
֮£ȺԣһޱȵĴһܴ裡
ע⵽Ⱥ򣿡Ѫʥޱ
һӿһɲõԤУѵ
ͳʥˣʥΪ֮Ůɱˣ˴εɽʱжܹҴ
Ѫʥ
ԽԽǾ¡
Ϊ峤ȴûУֲΪһֱڳŽ֮ٳ޷̤ʥ
һָ࣬ѪʥԴǱ䡣
ͷƤһ飬ȥɲѪʥ˵Ŀ⣬Ҫ֪ڸղţһ߷Ѫʥˡ
ȻģѪʥ׷Բõ
ɡѵ¾ôˣ
б
Ȼܣ
Ѫʥ˺ԥϵɭȻ䣬ɺͫɲѪ⣬˭壬øʮٱĴۣ
һ飡۸ۣҲҪŮ˵ĵϸȻ޷ԺҲҪģ
˵ĺޱȣ˶ûŮӵϸ֮ǰע̾ͱġ
ζˡ

˱ӦýС񡯣ڻгɳÿǧɽһΣÿһνԿɴ׽лȡһɡԪҺ
Һȿ׹ǣֿԶŲɹ棬һζҩġ
ӲӵչᴩգṲ̊ϣָѰ֮ڡԴ񡱵
Ѱʮļֵ
ܵˣֻͲڵġԪҺ˲ָ۷״̬
ңʱܹ𵽴ꡢϴȵã
˵˱ڿ䣬ҲԲˡ
û뵽칷廹һӡѰ˼
ѴߣŮӺȻʡ
Ѱһҡͷʱû뷨
ǾǴԺôˡ
ŮӵȰûгΪʥ֮ǰǱ˱ˡ
ʥ
Ѱһ
ԣϵʥˣα֣֮ʥ֮·ϣŲͬľΡ
ŮӵͷѰָ㡣
αʥ֡
һڳΪʱ޷͡ҵ֡ò衰֡Ĵڡ
ˣҲӵе֣ܹ֮ɳ֮٣ΪֱԼܹʥѾ;ľͷ
жαʥһ򵥵İ취ǿܷʥ
ʥǱαʥʥ˾Ĵڡ
Ȼֲʥԣʥ޵߶ԣȻαʥҲֻĴڡ
ʥ죬ɾǿŵı


1101 ʥ֮
֮һαʥӳʱһѾ
Ǳҵֺͼٽ֮
ҵ֣һĵУƷԽߣڳ;ߵԽԶԽǿԽߣ
ٽĵ֣һ֣ǽкͲԼĵϡ
ϣԼվٽҲͬˡ
ڶαʥн
Ůӵ˵̤ʥǿУߵе;ģԿɳ֮Ϊαʥ
ʥҲԲʥ򣬿ʥ֮Ϊߵ߹ĵ;ɾ֮ߵͶע
ŮҲ˵ˣУڶαʥʥȫͬڵһαʥԲʥͨ
۽Ĳͬˡ
ŮУһαʥ͵ڶαʥ𣬿վʰǰۣǰ·ɾעޡ
УעΪ
ʥ֮ʥʥ޵֮ѰȻૣһ쾭
߱Ѫսɣֵڣһѩ֮̾һֻһֻײ
̤ʥĿֲڡ
Եɺ֮£Ѱͽйһصġ족ʱ˵仰
ף˻˭ģ
ŮһЩȻ
ѰҲͽľ˵˳
ŮʲôĬ˼С
һƫִķӣʥԸҪĳһ죬һ飬Կɳʥ
ŮЩпдһ˿׷䣬˶֪ǲܵģȴһֱ˵ˣ˵ˡ
ҡͷƲԸڻУ·䣬ǲ׵ġ
Ѱԭһһֻˣʱס֪Լֻ¾ˣҲò𰸡
Ļǲʥ֮ʥʥ޵֮ʥߣҪԼȥһǰδеĵ;
Ů˵⣬̾Ҫڿˣ̤ʥ֮ʮ֮˾ŶܿԼʥ֮·
ʶʥУҲ඼ڴˣ޷һ̫ѣ
ǰ̤˵;Ѱ̲סʡ
ŮһŵǰɣԺ̤ʥʱȻס
ּ򵥶Ҫزһʥ˾硣
ʥ֮ϣΪʥȡ֮⡣
ʥ֮ϣΪʥΪʥֱʥ
ʥ֮Ƿи߾磬Ůû˵ѰҲûʡ
ʥαʥֲʥεĸߵͣĿǰѰԣվЩңԶ
Ͼ̤룬øԶ֮ɡ
꣡
أһѵ
ŮӻȻ̧ͷɫˡ
ͼտȻϣ֪ʱһĿĵѷ죬Ļѿһӡ
ԼԿһϵìӰѿ޷϶֡
ѰëܵһǰδеѹֺϢõꡢġһĵжֳһּļ

Ůһӣһ罫Ѱ֣ŲƵ˼Զѿڤ֮£ɫֻǻϢˡ
ԶһȺɪɪһƵǣдֲƻȻû뵽ͻأ֮䣬˿ֲ顣
ϣ
ìӰƬؼ䣬ȻһɱϢ⡣
췭ظǬã˷أ췣
ǰˡŮûжܣǣֳǧ磬Ө貣ӳĵӰȻƻá
꣡꣡
ѷУìӰۣһӱӳն顣
ìӰֲ̫֯ŵ뷨ϲԵ֮ì
һŮûжܣҲûá
Ϊն֮ì־ĻĪ⣬ζŲ
䣡
սìڳ֣貺ͳʢֲޱߵɱ֮ɱ¡
һ˲λʥȺһֻɢľУֱӾʹȥ
ɺˣһսìɢϢѣλʥ뱻Σ
ȥ˭ţ
ͬʱŮӲ㲻ܣָһ㣬ƵǧٿȻӳָ⡣
أָսìײ
䣡
ѣʢһ˲䱬ϯǬ֮䡣
Ǻε߶ֲƿϯѹϴҹŽ񣬲ԾĻϢ
ѰǰȻʹ궼ɸܵһޱߵĿ־塣
ʲôҲˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãѰҰָʱͼ֮䣬ѻָ
컹죬ĺۼϣɽڣľ
·𣬸ղһĻĻֻһʣ
ɵŮʱѰȴȻһΪλãһڴСĿ
ңӰģˣƵģʱɢ
ԹŻеն̤֮ʥеĽɵ;Իᱻ䶢ϡŮڵתѰʱ紦˿Ѿʧ
ն֮
Ѱڽһز¶ɼʥɮĹУʶһĻ
ʱͨһ̨Ҽɼʥɮͺڻʥһʱĳţתǧ
λʥȴˡ
ɱǵģһΰƥĽɫӰ
ԭΪλʥһһؼžĳֽն֮١
ǽɫӰǺն֮ͬһط
һ뵽⣬Ѱо𶯲ѡ
գĿһ٣Ůܹն֮лԵüɲˡ
ǰû°ɣ
ѰԺǰѯʡ
ްܶһ󡣡
ŮɫƽʱѾֻܸ࣬ıһгˡ
˵ţӰһٿȻ֮䣬ܻÿһԺһޣϢҲͬľˡ
ͷһֱȥͬĵͳǴȥһˣȥĳͳһ⣿
Ůʵ
ԭĴ㣬ҪѰȥһһݷʣµͳƺΪն֮ĳ֣ȴı뷨
ӣ
Ѱһ
ΨڽӣƶϳٵʱҲԿһһδж಻ͬ
ŮӵĻ£ѰͺԥҸһȥӡ
治ȥͨ콣ڡ鱦ʥؿһѵõĻᣬȻֻǷҲ˿ˡ
Ůָ
ȥˡ
ѰźҲ֪ȻȥˣҲ֮ǰǰ칷ûʲô
Ȼеʹ죬վ岻
ܸŮһȥһٵףһΪѵñľ
ҲáŮӵͷ
жʹһͷ򣬼Ԧ磬Ųǰͳ
Ѱȥ



1102 
鱦ʥء
ƺ
һڸ߲һãŮ٣ʵΡ
Ϊ׵һλ۲ꡣ
Ӣ䣬üĿ㣬ǣɢϢȴѹȵһڴֱ
ңЩһΣɫԴһĨ£Ǿη
ѷˣһλǧǰ̤ʥϹһΪɲ⡣
裡
ڣ˴ţ˽һɫò
鱦ʥϹ񣬻ܹܴ裡
Į羪ף͸һĴϣ¡¡ڡ

һתͣ⵹Ҳֲ˭˭뵽һֻССߣվһλ˲õͨ
˶һɫӡ
ˣǸô죿Ůӵšݷã̲סʵ
˵ȣʲô취
̾ʥ˻Уٷŭͳ裬˴Ҳֻš
ԣнһ󱯷߽ӡ
ΪһָĹϵͳǺȶԴ
ˣƲŮ˾Ǻηʥѵ鱦ʥ̣֮Ҳǲ𣿡ʵ
ǾҪȼһԷܿŵһЩߡ
˵⣬͵һȻŮˣһȥһ
˵գ߳
ƺٿȻֳһ͵ĴһԼʵӰƮȻ߳
ǰһͷ
Ȼѵ֪˷庣֮ϵϢɵһĻʱһ鱦ʥصĴɸеޱȵĳͷŭ
ʥΪ
Ůˣŵʥһֻˣһһˣһ޿ֵ̬
һԼӰŮӵĻҲ
ʱĿһɨԶˣƺ
ҡޱ
䣡
Ůӳǰһ
ɲǼ䣬һɿֲޱߵƴǴԼӰɢⷽغ
ͨͨͨ
в֪жٸ߲һ˲ѹأ˵عһţûС
ѣǺ⣿
ɫһҲɢһʥȥŮϵĿֲϢ
ľǣƶԿϣѹһͱݺѹȻ
䣡
˲䣬ҲһΣ类纣ꡢѹ
ֽϵɫһ䣬ʶŮӿ¡
ڳ˿̶ѹڵأ־ŭǱޱȣ˸Ҷԡ
ʥܹܵģ
ͬʱŮƣԴСû𣿡
ɫһӱ
ֹԴСֱǸû鱦ʥطУ
ŭһŮߵֻջסˡ

ƵһĻĻͬһʱ䷢ͨ콣ڡʥءںͳ
ƾЩͳеŭͱջ
ŮֻǵŰݷãǴɱ䣬л߬λʥЩͳҲֻ̣
գŮȥʱӲͬͳ֮УһЩͳΪ֮ʹġǮ
鱦ʥصһƿ¶ֻоŵΣÿһεļֵƲɹȫѷɫһ̺ġԪҺ
ͨ콣ڵһɢͬҲǵһһ䣬
֮˴ŮУνض顣
չֳĿֲҲЩͳΪ֮𶯺ͼɵ˭ٺޣҲֻġ
ΨһЩͳĵǣڹ黹ЩץʥʱŮҲǸԵͳʥͻ
Ļע˳ؽ

ȸ޷ŮӴӸͳ뿪ãЩϢ˳һ㣬ŻĴ粻ͬɢ
һʱ֮䣬֪˶𾪺ͻȻ
ŮݵĴ⣬ҲΪͳ޵עĻ⡣
˭
ֺħʲôϵ
£Ϊ˶һȻ󲨡
޿ɵʵǣһ£ͨ콣ڵһڹϵͳν𣬱ֵûͷ޹⡣
ԽԺ˭Ըħ񣬶עõ
һ粨ֵúܴһЩʥ֮ضʼע

ޱɽҹ塣
ҹʹƣһյģ
ӵ֪Ѱһ̣ͿʼȾƣֱڣѾһصĿվ̳
үٺȥɾҪˡԱһŮѡ
㲻үҹ죬˵
ɶ
ȻҪǼһﳹ̷
ѵǼһľү
˵⣬Ůʱͷ֣үѾˣбУһģأڹ棺ʹ졭ʹ졭
Ǽһ˭
ŮһԺ

С죬ܿ԰˰ɣ
Цʵ
ĸ˵һ飬ѡ
ЦţҵȻģΪϴ̳裬棬ͱ
Ŷһлİ𣿡
ЦԥûУԺУȻ֮ǰһȴҹһһ̫װҴСͿ˳ۣ
Դǿһ̬
־
Цеһ䣬֪ĵ˫СʱʶֱڣҲ˭Ҳûз˭

ԾѶڰǰдż㣬кһСɻ䡣
ּһŮӲͬپѡ½͸ֽ硣
ʦãߵʲôӣ⣬ն
Ǻɽأ䱻ʱڴˣɲԾ˽ⲻϢ
ǰնԾѾᣬ˿̣ĺãھʹ콾
ܲնһͷ˵
Ȼ֧ܲ˵Ѱйء
Ծѻ䣬ڷնüʦãܷңӾεõű䴫еģ
ԾеĻʱڣоЩɨˣЩ䵭ңô֪
ն̾˿ҲգԺлᣬһһ
㻹ΪУԾһ䡣
նʼ˶ֻ֪ҪԴС˭ȥѰд裬ҺΪ൱дĻᣬҲ̸ԴС
ԾѳĬƬ̣ȻЦˣҾףʦֺˡ
㡭նվûסͲɱˣ
ġԾѻشĺԥ
նкȻӿһ˵ŭһٶԣתȥ
УԾԹдõż㣬СķҸʱ䣬ͽż۹С
żм¼һЩѰ飬ϸѡ
ͬʱ֮ϣŮУӰԼƮҷɡ
ԶãȻ˵˴δܻǰ٣


1103 
һҵĽӡ
Ѱ֮ǰҲɽӵִﶫʤ磬ҲʶеĿɲ
ֻȴԶԶ޷ǰĽȡ
һӣˮǣӿ׵Упɲ⡢ŰСѵѷС
ԼԼħŭƵ쳹ڽ
ԶԶţѰĵֱð⡣
Ϲʱ˵֮սǧƵĸʥڴˡ
Ůɫһ˿㱣ҲΪһսΪ˹ŻĻԴ
֮ս
ѰһУΪλᷢս£
ŮӵǾ֮˭ҲܲˣЩֽ磬ֿŻ类ĵͳͳΡ
Ѱڲ˵򡱵һЩƬȴû뵽Ϲʱġ֮ս֮͡йأ
ҲڴʱѰڸȷڹŻ֮⣬磡
ǰܷ˵һ˵飿
Ѱʵںܺ棬羿Ϊ˵
򣬺͹Żһһ磬ûʲôͬ
Ůڵ϶ԣŻһ磬λڡеײ㡣
˵⣬ǷһĨͻȣ֪οŻģ
Ѱҡͷ
ŮӴ³֡

Ѱһƺдһָ߸ϵıζ
Ůӽ͵ڹŻУ½ƶĵطУŻ͡½硯һķû䣬粻֮ء
ѰŸȷԼĸоûд֣Ȼһֱͺͱĵĳƺ
ϹʱŻֹһܹ֣ÿһ֣԰´ңͿ̿Ѫɺӵĳ
ŮͳصһΣǼ֮սһ֣ȫֹŻ򣬵ʱĩ٣ŻˣʥҲݽ㣬˲֪ٸ
һսŻ򱻴飬Ĵ磬һսĸĿ޷ͳơ
Ըǣһ֮սŻ򲻻ᱻѿĹϵͳҲԲֻЩ
ϵĴУʱϧ
Խ˵ŮԽǵͳһ˿Ȼ˸С
ѰĲƽ
һ˵֮һ˵֮ս
Ҳһ֪Ż飬йأ
ΪΡֵᷢ飿
Ѱ̲סʡ
ǣ֮Żλھײ㣬ʱҲԻѤùƶ֮ϣʥ֮أ
˵⣬Ůʶһˣһ˿ױȵİȻ
ɺܿ죬̾˿˵ҲգЩ¶ѹȥԻͲ棬Ѥòڣվлֻ֮ʣݰܡ
Ѱӡ
ʱһУǣҲǣŻЩǰӴ˽
ҵ֪ȴĪЩء
Щʱ޹أҲΪ˷ǣҪģץסٵĻᣬͼı֮
Ůɫ࣬ʧԺֻ¾ûȻˡ
ѰȻͷ
һ̫˶ڵȴֹǵ֮ˣ³еһЩҲؽӳоѣݷ߳
ŮӵԣҪ׼
ѰԣһݷʥеλСӡҲ˳֮еĵ껡
Щһɶڵ
ӹɣǳʱע·ƣ
㿴֮УƵһɺƽپ󣬵޾֮ȴһƴޱȵ
һǶ֪ȫ֣˴ˣŻطҲˡ
Ǵٵס
ŮԶӣָѰ
νＫط̩ŻԼ֮սѾû̫ãǱصĵ̣עҪڴʱȫ
Ѱϸȥȴֻܿ޾պֻνġ
ԭҲףԼ̫ͣ޷֮ơ
Ůӵƶϣ˴δܻǰ٣Ӧᳬʱ䡣
Ѿֻʣ²ˣ
ѰʵһЩ⧲
֮ףǣ۸ӣҴ˴δԲͬǰδУ֮ע˭޷ŵȫ
ŮӵԽˣζŻԽ࣬ܶȡ컯Խ󣡡
ѰһȻ㽡
ûãŮӴѰ뿪
·ϣͨ콣ڵͳ׬ġǮȫѰ
鱦ʥصġ¶ͨ콣ڵġɢʥصġϴ󻹵ġȪˮڵġ衱
ϵԺ칷ġԪҺ£䣬ÿһֶǿй屦
ֵ֮κ޵ۺ졣
ŮڵЩӦ㹻ʱˣڴ֮ǰҽ㽫İգȻ֮գƾ˴Ҳô׵顣
Ѱһͷ亹ûйȴȿػڲͬ
գŮӺѰһη庣
ռˣսĺۼڣ̮ɽӣ˵ǰһʥԾǺε֮ɲ
ǰûĸϵͳ㣬ѱһЩͽԼҪСģҿΪͷһʱܰһףÿԼ
˵գŮӰɢƾʧصͨؾС
ѰȻʧ
֮ǰһĻĻӱʥΧŮӳ֣һ֮ѹȫ
ʥ󣬵ٺɽ֮ٵ֮ϵһ̸
һУһ½ΣȴӡԺĿ
Ѱ庣Ĺµϣãһ±üᶨ
һεľʶʲôֶ֮ͨΣʲô£
ҲףԼӵоʱȻȻһҲ޾κεͳ
һ̣ѰͻȻǿҿ٣ȥȥȡǳɾ;߾Ĵ컯
쿪ʼѰ庣ʼչء
磬ɷӿŮѹʥǰͳһһݷá¼ڷͣɢ
ͳ˴ον澡ʧ
ͳҲΪ𶯣ȫ죬û뵽һǰκιϵͳеˣȴ˾һλڡ
޵ߣۣͬΪ˷ڡ
Ѱ
ͨ콣ںɽأһޱȵ֮£һٿȻ硣
һ˲ǰϢͯӻ亹ͷߡ
ԭڣɢϢֲ̫ӿؼ䣬һɲа㣬˿˿罣âĵ绡ܿи˵꣡



1104 
һһƴϢȻϥţȴһɣâˡ
ͯӻڣ趯ŭӶϲĶ֡
ͯӱģСʵһǧ֣Ϊһǿߣӵа벽Ϊ
ǰȴʹԾӡ
Ϊ꣬ף
ʮǰͺųƹŻ֮µһ˵ľ
֪Ѱϸ
Ϣɫָƽ
ֻ֪½磬Ǹţԭǰ½̽ϢΪĳԵʣͨ½ͨѶѣ񻹲ӵľ
ͯæ
½磿
˼
˵£Ǹֵ塭
ѵ
üͷײ
ڴʱͯ˵Ŵ̽ϢһּµĴܺʹյĳִơ
˵꣬׶Ȼܣ
һĨ⣬ɱ֮磬ͯӻһ̱ء
׼ˣҲ֪ԼղЩʧ̬סԳһЦԼôˣѵԵ֮Ĵִ
һһŵ罣տȻͨ͸ٲκͲӰ졣
˵˴иŮΪѰһ̤ɽţŽһɢʵ
ǡͯӵͷ
˵֮ͬϲѰ飿
ǡ
ȷʱ׻Ȼڹϵ£ĿԶ٣콾Ҳ֣Ѱ˭ҵ˶ϴ֮裡
ͯӾһ˷ܵд˳ħɣ
ѱչؽʮ꣬Ҳ֪Ƿף˵ܶΪѲеУԺһЩŴ̥ȣ˴γأԵһϲ
Ӱͣʤѩ˫ָǣг֮ɡ
䣬ȹ֮ʥӣʮǰͬ޵УһעԺɨһеУ
ͯдһĨȵĳĽ֮ɫ
ɫȻԴš
ĵѾĥԲزʮչأ躹ޣȫȱ©޵ǡ
ǿѸҪϿɣ
ȥѼһЩڹŴ̥ϣ֮Ѳ壬ΨЩݷУȴڴгĹֵ⡣
ڷԸ
ҪͯһԤеʲô
ӿƵĹ󣬡˲ǶΪ޷һЩŴ̥𣬵٣콾ʱһһʱնƵĽɫ
ͯһĽ
һζУǺ̫ǿˣʮչأֻǿ
ȻǵǸѰ
ҲѪĪأıˣʶ˷Ը
ͯӵͷȥ


˻ΪŮѹλʥ˵۲ʱʥ֮󷢲Ϣ
٣
ʱĴԷڣŻȻ󲨡
һѱȴУվҪˣϢ羪㣬һӳΪ޵߹עĽ㡣
һ֮ԣҲҪĻˣҲ֪˴Σж˶ܶȡ컯һ;֮·
޵ڼ
ˣһλԵǰδУʶעǰ󣬱ץסˣ
ϵͳУԿʼΪ׼ˡ
ϧˣǰˣζţĽǰȲڽˣ
Ҳϧ
ԭаʱ䣬ĽǰȾͽĻ콾Ϊ׼ϣΪ۾ͷ
Ȼעٷˡ
һǰ٣һмƻ
㲻ʲôĽǰȣ콾ɱڴ
Ψܹ콾ϣܳƵ콾ν콾ע
콾֮ӣ֣ȷ˭ӵеġ
ڹŻͬ𣬷з
ңʱƣ֮ƣ
ǴӰغŻδƺ͸֣ǹϵͳߣעܵӰ졣
˭ܹڴ˭֮ɧҲÿ޵Ϊעģ

ħء
Żء֮һ
һƬѪޱȵսУŰԩ壬ɲˡ
һƬȴǿտյɸɾԲǧ֮أκޡԩ꣬ԲԽ׳һ
һϥڵϴһͷ˪ѩ׷䣬¶һǷĿӡ
ಣ
һնȻ磬ץס쿪ʱһʵ
飬жʱƮһޱȵ٣Ħڭûˡ

곤εȻɢһɳĺɫ⣬ҹڱƬս
սϵ޺ԩյţ԰еɪɪеĿ
ȻǰˣãħĥЩ죬ѽҵĴ޻о磬˴δ棬޾壡
ৣ
ԥ̤նȥ
һ죬ԴҶĦڭλо۾ͷϵƾ߳ħء

·
Ż֮һ
ããУǳܼ֮ӣɢ֮У˸ճһ·
һؾеǿգǹպĴ׽ء
ʱһϣڣˣ쳣Ǳҡ
ɫȴǼʯһ˿ҡ
ͬǿʢƥþĽ档
ˣ
أϵһɢһºʹ棬ˣʱ򷵻ˡ
һ૵ѾҪʼҲãѵȴ̫ˡ

ϣ˿һ־˵ٶϣʵһƤ¶Ө
˲䣬һΡȻɽƣɢƬǿա
һ죬棬·ء

ͬһ죬ڲͬĵͳУƵһĻĻ
һЩݷչءĥеľ׷ͣ飬ʼΪ׼
̫һţչض
һϮɫۣģ㣬ȴԵúܱŹǷӱչش߳ʱһ·Ƶģۡ
һ·ߣŵӣͣжɫ޿޵ĳ羴

鱦ʥأնɽۣ֮ƺƮ裬ƣһɡ
٣۾ʦùҲὫˣű䣬ע֣֮
ૣɫһƬĮ
իļػʽ޹ʥȡʥҺ˴
ڹŻͬ򣬲ͬĵͳ
˸ͳʥ֮أһЩΪ֪ؾУͬҲ춯
Ŵ٣һЩгݷĹŴ̥Ҳʼˣ


1105 
ʤ磬һƵ۾ɽ
ʱһɸߵɽ壬ǰεض𣬶һҵôضʯ顣
֮ص޺鶼֪١
ء
ڴɽĵײȻһͬްһ
ӰأѪƮüһֻĿԵޱȡ
ӱӡһ갡˭֪ҵĿƣãˣ
ԿĳӣȴͻȻֿЦͷ෢ͬȼգһֻĿʱصѪâͬħ
һ̫ãֻϦ
ѳ̫ãһδҲֵҵǳ
ɲа̤֮߾һĳţҲֵã
ϲأ
һƮȻһߣɴʱȴԳӹмӡ
ߣһˣһΪ嶼Ѿˣ
ߣȻΪߣȴһ㶼
彫һȫѹϣɼǺεӣĪҪԹ
ͽн͡
ӲͷãѾܾò˽£˵˵Щһлѹ̫׼﷢йһ¡
˶٣񷣬ǷһĨĻȣͬʱҲҪˣҳˣ

ҲƵ飬½йŴ̥Ͳųء
һɫĻɽײŲ֪۽ӿ֣ʼڡ
䣡
͵أɽ죬ȼƬһݾ
޵Ŀ⿴
ӿУȴһԡڷѩеŮӰڿն𣬱޾ѩ⣬Щ涼Ϩ
Ůһͷͫε纣񷸩ɽһٳıѩŮɰ㡣
Ϣǿֻ־ΪȴԵĿֲð벽

УŮⲽգÿһ£վͶΪһ;һֱԶ
żصĴ˵ģ
ǧǰоʥŮڴ˳ţֻΪȴһѵĳʱû룬Ӧˣ
ʲô֣ʲô
żֻСѩ֣
һĻһЩ̲ס̾
̶죬ٻţŻУ֪жصš̥֣
һĿĴҪˣ
Щ죬Ҳ֪жٹϵͳ˸п

庣
µϣѰϥʯϣԶɫˮ̰ǻԣ׶顣
׷죬»Ȼ𶯡
ЩȴѰ޹ء
һֱھ糹ƣҲעܾŵ庣İ
Ĳ
Ϊͼǽ
š̥׷׳ʱѰݷС
ʱơ
һº󣬴еѰ
ϣӿֳһƻɬȻĲϡ
˵粻¯ȫ֮ԴԴϽѭ
Ѱĸšϡ
գʱ䣬ȴٶȲһͨİ壡
ٶȾԿˡ
ԭҲ򵥣ⲻ壬ǱŮȡӡѰʶУõܽв
һ棬ԡţ֮ġɱ䣬ӵˡúѰʱٶȣԱ̫ࡣ
һ˶ʱڽϡزҲ˳µ顣
ϣ
ĬеѰóУڸ첲ϻһ˿ڣѪʳѰûᡣ
˵һĻˣ˿ѷԾ˵ٶ䶯ܿϣһ˿˺۶Ҳ
ζϣ
һ޸Ĵ
ľ֮ҲӵİͲȣȴģʧ
ȫһ޸֮
飡
ѰݣӡԼϣԵԻɱһ콾
û⣬ҲÿѪܵһ̶ȵˡ
Ȼ˵ʹܿʧ᲻
ңѰתʱЧǾˣգ۹ѣ˾ѳײ棬һ󻼶û¡
ȿƱ̬޸̫ˣ
Ѱϲã޸ãսУнʱӵ˼̬ķ֮
ѰֽжβԣյóۣƤˣʱڽ޸
֮Ҳֹ޸
ܵˣҪתķһ
ϾҲҪתΪȥãעġ
΢΢Զ̷õ鵤ҩЧ
̷ҩҪһᣬתҪ˷¡
ǣУڱ˴˶۵ĶԾϣȫռݾơ
ֻǵϵزĲ⡢ǵеزָжǿ󣿡
ѰԾԺҪѸľ
ӵֱͶ˼ҲûʲôΣգҲӵ㹻Ļᣡ
һˣҲ֪緢˶顭
ѰĿԶ
ţ
ܿ죬ע⵽庣֮ϣвӰ̻
Դǿе֪һЩϢ
ѰţӰһͳ庣֮ȥ

庣֮ϣв޵ѲŮԲͬĵͳƺڵȴʲô
һǰһ춯صʥԾڴ˵ݣλʥ˳ȴѹŮӵֶΣԿͨ
˸п
лʥԾµưܺۼΪ޵ۿĽ㡣
ҵǰɶ˵һЩƾ콾˵أħս
ħ庣նȺɱ콾Сͷһˣһ䶯Ҳ˵òɫɶܲ
޵۲ѡ
Ǵ˵һЩͳУ߳˲ٱչضľ˻ῴһħ񾿾Ρ
˵һʱ¼䲻֪жپ۾ͷһЩŴ̥ͲţȺͣɧ
֮ȣһħȴͬţϢâпɱѹǲ١
Ǻǣħǿվ̫ǳĿܺЩƾ۾ͷȣȥЩŴ̥ˡ
˶ɣħͲ庣Ǿ͵ŰɣҵõϢܿһЩ
һ޵߶Ʋ⣬ޱڴ
Ѱ庣֮ʱЩȫһ˿С
ɫȻھ뺣һϣԴжһʱ䣬Ŵٽ緢˶ٺ䶯ޱȵĴ¡
뿪庣ǰ紳Ѱʱû㡣



1106 
庣֮ϣʱƣ½в޵Ѷ
˴˶ۺ͵ȴ
Ϣȷˣʥ߳һλţг죡
úٴ˵أѹħ񣡡
ܿ죬¶ɿϢȫ𶯡
ǸǧγνԶǰȵһ

ǧǰͱ콾һɧÿһγ羪Ԩ·ƣ
ϣȻ
ݷǧ֮ãֻΪһ֮湻̵ģ
˸п
ϣ콾ĸսɲʱֵġȷ˲𣬿ľ۾ͷ˽֪γʱ򣬾ϣ
ȻЦ
һ͵ȷд¡
γʱҲ׷ͷʱ򣬲ʮѣѱŻµһˡ
ĳδ֪Եɣһս׺ԥʹӦ
ϣ˶õĳ죬վףǿѹ
ʱ˵һµĻ
սҪʱۣôһͷܹϰǷȫ޵У
ԴеĲмΡ
쵱Ȼ֮ԲƾֻΪ˵ȴ٣ʱռơ
ɲΣվǰˣ֮ʧУһνչС
һΣڵ˴ȴû뵽һҪѹģͻħ񡣡
УҲϾܹλǰȵһûһѰ֮
ħΣˣֻСͷһʮ꣬϶ԣǵ̣Ǹ̫Զ
ǵҲãǾ仰־УսӲʱġҿħ񲻼ûѷɫ졣
У۲ϣ顣
ɺȻ˻Ǽ俴ó죬Ѱֻˡ
ѰֳƣǺ͵ĳȣȴҪѷɫ١
һֻСͷһһζǰȵһϵĲ̫ˡ
ô޵ȫսʢ֮ʿ֮ǿ˽Ŀã
ԶѰЩڶУȴǲ
ǹŴ̥ǵ۾ͷΪվ־Ρ
Ϊս֮
һϣѰɲŽκˣ
սĸߵͣǾҪھ۵;ӵеĳɾˣһϣѰͬžԵš
ţ˵Ŀ϶УǾþĥɵһ޵ǡ
ѰüǣŮʥصϵͳ;档
ɺȻЩͳסûзԼ˼
ԴСǾͳ˳ֽɫҪԴѹԼ棡
Ԥ˴ǳ죬ԺܻܳƵĽɫ
˵УѰҲ˽⵽һʱ䣬Żһ½½һźճ
Ϊ֮𶯡
ͬʱϸͳȺչжΪٵĴ׼ӿֳǰĴ䶯
һЩԭѰ۵Уѩص̥Ŀ
ӢҲעȺҫ
䣡
Զ񷣬װĺڳ˹ע
ͼһϽɼͷţѹƲ㣬¡¡ʻߡ
գۼ䣬Ѵн١
˻
˵ǼԦϽģȻλǿߣ
˭ôӣ߳䵱
̧ۿȥͼһͦµϽ
ɲǼ䣬۾һʹ
ΪϢ̫ʢӲӵԽ֣һؼ䣬дոУǡ
죡
â죡
Ψƺεˣһֳʢ̫˳С
žʧѻȸ˽Ծÿ˵·
ͬʱһ˵ڴͿͷӿ𣬴˴γƺǿˣ޿ƥ֮ƣһ֮
˴ѹħ񣬺ߡӦս
ޱڴ
ƻȻûвб仯ӰӲӣⲽ庣֮ϣԶһ⣬ͥŲڹ;
ԶĬϽǰԳ֮ƲŲʡ
ϥھ뺣ԶµϵѰҲע⵽˳죬ҲֻһջĿ⣬ľžһ˿
Ѱɸһս
أ쿪ڣȴ¡¡ؼ䣬庣ɢ
Ѱ̲סЦˣһﵹҲֱӸɴࡣ
ϧȺڴˣɲΪ˵ǰսġ
ܿҪˣѰʱ֣η壬Ϊû塣
𣬾ʹ㷵庣
ɾڴʱȻ֪ˣһսһΪеʥش˱𣬶Ϊѩܡ
صؼ䣬Įд޾ɱ
ǿƣ
н𵴣Ͳ⣬ֱӣȴ¶һ
߰ɣǰҲ֡
Ѱڵ
һԿϲħȻͲ庣С
֮ǰǿҲֻǻɣȷˣоûаһˡ
ҼȻˣͲȥηһսעӲ
͸Ųɵζ·´ּ⡣
ѰУޱɱ㣬ֱɰ쵽ȰñִԲ򡣡
Цˣһ˿޼ɵζ˵庣նɱο϶ô
Ŷ
ѰüһҲ̫źͿ˭ĵ
˻֣ͼԶطĬһϹϽоһˡ
һӣԱ˽ƣãʱɫ価;ŭȴһֶ˵
˽Ծ궯
ͥ
ⱻ꣬ѰһвƵӿһĨ⡣
ʥ̾ĹŲݾ͹ͥѱǰӡ
ѹͥ뿪ʥأܵԼۡ
Ѱȴû뵽쾹Ὣͥˣ
ֲţԼһսԭץʣ
ݣ˱ӵ飬ù֣Ѱñ
ڹŲݣ㲻Ҳѩǧۡ񱦱ˣ
ɫ̹Ȼ̸ֻ֮֮Ϲֲ֡
Ҳڿˣбȵħ벻ӦսУ
һսѰûзϻ
˵ʱ庣Ŀڳϡ
ã
΢΢һЦԥӦ˻ֱ֣Ӿͷ˹ͥƺͲѰ



1107 ֹڴˣ
Ѱ̤գϡ
ѰԲҡͥҿ˽˿ЩѰ
ҰɣҶ𣬾͵Ҷϡ
Ѱ򣬶󣬿Զĳ졣
һ˲һˣԼɱӿԨһε֮Ƭء
ǿ
ĲǵһۼѰ
㲻λŮʥΪҲעƲʲôˡ
ȻɫԣܻǧٵɭȻתӲϼˡ
˵ˣѰ񣬷֮ͬ鷳Ը㣬Ҳͬˡ
Ѱ˻һڳ˽ΪȻ
˻Ժ٣
˽ħģ˭˵˹
ûУ
һ֮Կһƴɱսˮ֣˭ڮ١
ϴλʥһ֣̫۸ˣλŮֻҲΪħˡ
񣬳ȴ˵Ȼڮ֮⡣
ãҲԸ㣬һսһԽѹҲķڷ
һɱӳϯͬ죬ɨƬǣʢ財
ǧ֮ã׶򲻹Ҳ˵˴󻰣
ѰɹЦ
ϣ
ɭȻ϶
Ӱδ˲䣬ȴٵɫɨͬһƬٲϼޱȣɱ
ѰΪȭűİϣ͵ȭâ׾飬ŷС
һȭһȭܣͲСͷ֮ǰѱòͬ
䣡
ȭײһ˵ݣԱ
ɲǼ䣬߼սһ
˽Է׷˱ܣ˵ȶԾǿ֮սƻ̫ˣ˭ҲԸ
ϣ
ݺᣬӰգգĽɫȫӲӵɭȻâ
󣬾˵һĻ֣ЩܻһԵâǵء
ٶȸ죬ϢɲɱʱնâɰǧɨɱǬ֮䡣
ǵȵ⣬ն
ѰӰã̤󤲽ﺳűÿһȭŷֳ޼᲻ݡ춯صĴơ
Ⱦ磬һһʽѳӯܹ֮ǣشƣɽﹲͬն
ײ׶Ժ䣬ȴϵǿյȭХֲޱߵĲ
˲ϢӴϰٴν棬âңƬ
˽¶ɫ
ǵǳԾѰԶԤǰ㡣
ѰЩ죬ͨݽӴ˲жϳԷھ۵;ϣӦǷ켫ż
ѾǾ۵;ߵһ磬˾ѿԳƵϾ۰ˡ
Ҳִζǰȵһ˰Եֱӣԭ̡
ৣ
һֻݺ죬ٴγ˶Ƹɲˡ
һܼᣬ˿Ȼױ绡Ŀ˼Ϣ
ױ
˴Уʥز֮أǳɲ
ֵһɣٶȱǣսܽأתɽӣɱ֮֮ﲻն
ѰȴŲæת֮󤲽˲ʵɱ䣬Ѱ绯һͷ󤣬زŲѹȲ񷡣
¡
һμսһ𣬵ȭ
ɲսӿƬضûֻܿߵӰײ
Ƭ̺߽Եˡ
ɫ䣬򴦱ȭɨУѪ䣬ֻһ㣬ɨͷ­
Ѱת뵵⣬Ϣǣɽӵħ֮ơ
ħ񣬺ǿĲ
˭ѰԲʮݣСͷһڵһѿƵһˡ
Ҫҫۣǧγζǰһ·ƣš
˰ܸףѽ޵С
ڣԵȴκβħһˣ
ζţھ۵;ľϣħѳѵһӵ˺ƾ۾ͷаܣ
ˣ̫ˣ
ʱҲƽΪ˴γأԺƵһж֣ܹԼģҲֻкԼһһ
ڣȴ˶֣
Щš
ܸʱԷѺų֮µһˣǰħɱȵ׸ᣡ
ڶȴֲͣõУע顣
Ѱü
Ƿ̣ǾĽ棬ѳжϳԷĵ̺ǳ
ȷǿȴѰ߹ˣΪһչǧ꣬·ƵľӦżֲս
ڿȴѰЩʧ
ʵ򣬲ǳ첻ǿվھ۵;Ŀǰزڲؾеһ꣬вȫԲز
սֻܿڵ;ϣ޿أ
Բѣ
ͳһ飬Ѱ
ұϵһһ׵ͭսì
ն㣡
Ӷսìâ䣬󵶷һչ͸ɱѰĻʹ
ͰӵܹڴԵǿ֮һ
Ψһİܼǰܸףһ۵㣬һԻͣﵽεȸ߶ȣע޷ϴ۵㡣
ǡ
԰Уȴ޷̱Ѱһ˷̺ڮ٣
꣡
Ѱɫ̧һָһӡӳϣͶԷսì档
ͭսì˲õĹű񣬲Ի촷
ֻǣѰɲӡ
䣡
ɳֿȭħƣʼű䣬һַŸ֣ӡУĲãҰ
޵߶˫ǰֱðǣѪܵÿҪѪ
ϣǳһѹȣ
ǺȻٴη׷˱ܡ
ɱ
챩ȣɱ֮ϣ˺ҧɱ糱ˮͷţ֮伤γɿֲĻ
Ǿ֮ս
Թս߶ԣѰǳ죬ѳƵϵеľ뢡
ǿӹɣ˾޵ģħ񣡡
ƾչֳսȥμǰȣҲӵʶʸ񣬿ϧ٣ǰҲע޷ˡ
Զ޵߾̾вУۼʶһ֮
ֻǣзı仯ǵȻֹ
ۣ
֮ϣɣһ١ֺݺӡŴƤݡ
һΣ˶һ潻Уħǿƻ˶֣չ¶֮
жһѵҪܣ
ͬʱѰ̤գǰȥȻ׶򲻹ңҲˣ
¡¡쳹Ǭ
˽Դס⻰˼ɾ̫ˣֻдףʸսħ
Ҳа


1108 
Ѱһ仰ȫ
ʱɱ˹ȥ
ңܣ
ȣ⣬ϢһǿһأѪڣһͷԶھѡ
˶һôͻȻǿˣ
ڷӡһڴ˿̱ҿˡһλߵ
ӡ
˵ǳĵƣ
䣡
սìӿգϼϣգѰĹ˲ͻ
ֲ̫ˣ
ͷƤ飬ֹǱǿˣǱ̫ǿ֮ǰˡ
ѰҲܴܵѹɫ޾壬ӭȥ֮Ծ
˵ضʱ죬񱩾˵ĲûâĿ
ԭڴвű¶ֶΣھͱҶã޺ˣ
ÿһ缡籡ɫԣӳգױĴսìŷ绡Ǭ
Ѹƥ
쿴ħܣӲ쳹ױȻ¸񲻿ɵ
𾪣š
ѰȷܣǲУǲϢйŹ֣ǿƥƺѳ־á
ͷ·𼤷ǱƴɱǱľע˥ܡ
֮ŭЩƣ֮ŭļ󣬵ȴԳ־սҪʤһ
Ȼʱƣ쿴ǿʢ֮Ѱʼ˥ˣ
䣡
ҲڴʱѰһ߲̬ͬġ١֣ÿһнɣӲӴŹ嫣쳹ʮء
󣬳ɱȥ
˷ëطٽ٣зɱһ赲ߣ̫ʢֲ
ããԱּϣҪ
Ӷսìȫ⣬ɫȴڱãҲڲڣƳ˾޴ѹ
飡
һöдĽ֣ײӲû˺ѣսì˵һֶɡ
飡
һöШ۵Ľֽ٣ӡܣļҵ÷飬Ѫˮ嶼Ϊ֮һ
һӲӵս׸֣廤סֻ¶ñá
ˣҲѪģش
𣬳裬۾ˡ
ԽһУ
ŸճأϿڴΪ룬ֻǶԸһСͷһȴش죬̫ˡ
ն
Ѱʱѻһ쳤磬̽һץԻٳ˹ͷ¡
һνޱעѰһľɱ֮ǣʩչն֮壡
òϣ켫ǿΣѹͷҲڱǱܳױȼգֵһ
վͽͣ۵ĵ棬֮⣬һƿϵı׶ѡ
˾Ķɤۣޱȡ
ࣣ
üѿһĨ̺졣
ͫȻһŭ𣬽߾ȫԿѸٳˡ
ֻǣѰһǣȣǶбѵĺۼѱƣѪһԵø
⵶޼᲻ݣҪͷ­նԪ
䣡
ֻǣ֮ʣһ貵ĵӳЮŲƵԶعһ١
⡭
˽Դ㵣⧲
Ҿ֪Ϲִܲ¡
Ѱȴϵ磬ϽԱߵλߡ
ˣ̫ʢɲãȱٷȺĳɳ
һ⣬վǣ俴ѰɫĮȻ
һߣ򽫳ϽСı
ˣԶս˽üаϼһ£䲻
϶Ϊƾ㣬Ҳʸѵң㣬֮ǰɱ죬صȵڣ޷ΪϹ̫ۣҲò
ѰЦȴһҵСĲû֮ͬȴ֣Ӷ
ûѣ֮ǰöУɱ˳죬֮޷ھλ
ˣۣǾ㱳λŮʥˣɲǾ㡣
߻ɢź⣬䣬ҪֶԸ㣬ûվŸ˵
ޣҪˣ˾ˣǴȫ˶ʥ𣿡
أһĴ
󣬰³۾ߴӰ֣һ޹һĵбǿߡ
ѰһһôҲˡ
磬Ϊţڳͬ϶Ҳֱо
³ַڵ츳ӳⷽ٣ĭɡ
˶Ĭû˻ӦȻԸ˿ʥء
Уȴо³úʹ죬˴ʥذȷʵ̫صˡ
ߵһЦûᰢ³ǿѰˣȰһ䣬СһЩãѾҪ٣ʱֻ㱳λŮʥҲ޷ٸ㱣
вңѰ䣬űĺ⡣
ֻ㣬ҪСκεͳܹϹʱӴ֮ۺ񣬸ܹȣɱ㣬Ҳ練ƣ
ߵ
ȻҲֻô˵˵ҶѰ֣ΪǳŮˣҪǸҲعأǺעء
֪ܣֻвϼһܲܲôҪԶİ³С
죡
ٺõƢҲ³ëˣɫһɢһεѹȶȥ
˭֪³һЦڼϵ޹͵ػӰһ
ʼ߻мɵһɫʱˣ͵̧ȫĳ
䣡
ĿһĻ֣߾һҵõɳȥͨһʮ⣬ˤǱ
³
ȫ˶ʱ𺳣ҰҲ̫뺷˰ɣ
ΨѰƽҲڴ˵أ鱦ʥص͵Ϯȴ³һɡ
Ҫ֪ǿһλ̤㳤ߣ
ǰߣǿ󣬻ȥǰ³Ҳù
ҪϹۣ³ѵ⡣
ʥ
ɫѿޱȣѿ³еľ޹һɲʥ
ĸͳĵӣǴΪԼ𣿡͸ɱ
ү㣡
³ʱˣ໽ţ趯޹ͳ˹ȥһƵģ񱩡ײС͡
ߣ
һ࣬һλ߼ԦϽڿն𣬺һϣȻʶƲ
´ɱС
߱һӣݺݵһ۳İ³һݻȥ
𣿡
ɾڴʱѰҰоͳһƬƻõǻԣ콵١
ã
һǳ׻ˣ庣Ľûɳ
Ļ᲻֪Ѱƾ˵ڴնɱģ
䣡
ǽ߾ȫΪƵ˼ޣԶձ壬ͬʱǼһ齣ȥ赲ֶǻԡ


1109 ֮Ĵ
˲䣬齣ǻ֣ܸʴ
ͬʱһǻĳӳաƵģ׾նڿϡ
ۣ
Ȼ顣
ԪȴһѿǶܿһ٣ɲǼӵӰ١
УأԻصŭޱȵ˻
˼Ļëޱȣһǿƥߣ㱻׻ٵ
ǼʱӶݣ
˶ǵһμѰ庣ʶ𺳿֪ж
󣬳ȫˣѰĿⶼòͬ
һħ
ǿ죬У
һλĸӺͲм޾ɫǿӲֶνлɱöԷԪѿǶӣ
˶̾һʱ䣬ħǸħǿơ޿ƥУ
磬֪͸ȻٶԸǳ죬ԿһˣӮƯƯġ
³޹أ˵
һˣ
Ѱǳ鴤һ£û뵽һԼĺڡ
˵ЩôˣѰʡ
ѣֵܵܲǰ³ɫȻ
Ѱ̾˿³ɱҴˡ
һģϣһĴ˭һʮꣿ
˿Լ磬ΪԼ󲻿ɡ
Уҵĸ磬ϻ˵ˣԺҸ죬˵ĻٺֵģԺɨ콾ưԣң
³ɤźֱܴƵġ
ѰƳһԶˣæס³庣ȥ
һһЩԿ̸ĻȥҲ֪ᱻʲôӡ
һսѰϣǴȥˣзͳһʱ䣬֪Ŀע⡣
ǿ֪ģȴɰˣħɱͺ˳Ծˡ
ͳʼѰսΪӦѾ߱۾ͷսǿ
˺вٺճľԣǰ庣ѹѰԴ֤Լǿ
ЩϢܿͱڸǣΪŴ٣Żÿ̫䶯Ĵ鷢
˵һг꣬ĳһ壬֮ã䣬ƿѪɱ¾
һΣĳһϵͳĴֳּ̧䱬
󣬰һĵһǿ߱ѹƤﳤȥ
ţ½λﱻɱ
޾𶯣ΪһΪɱ񣬺жʤڣһ·˲֪ͬҫ
ڱˣ˹أǬɱ֮û룬ʱ£ٴ䣡
Ϣһº䶯
һĹŴ̥ӳ߳ȻΪ֮
ңʮ㣬£֮ͬУѵ޿ɶԾ𣿡
²
йϵͳϹлɱŴζ޷óѣɱ
ԭڣʥ죡
ִɱ֮£̫ˡ
һʵĹϳǳУһ¼ⲽͷ˳Ⱦ
ѩ׾䣬һ°ɽԲλࡣ
ѩʥŮˣ
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ѩʥŮǧǰһ£콾ľˡ
пʼÿһԿԲŮ㣬ĵ̡
ΪУ಻С
ѩʥŮĻƽȴ¶һ־ţ˸
ˣһЩ̥ŵϢҲƵƵ
һЩ֮ѩʥŮ޵Ľɫ
ཻڴˣѰܳϢҲֻڶϢеһ޷ٶռ˵Ŀ⡣

ЩѰ޹ء
Ǵ˴Ϊ˾ȻعͥȥǳԾ
庣µϡ
Ѱ׼˿ƣд³͹ͥ
㲻֪緢飿
ѰԭӰ³˽һЩϢ룬һﾹһ֪
ЩŴ̥šʥŮʲôëϵûУֵңһˣ
³˵ڿкڹ⣬Եͣòʹ죬·еƺͿЩ콾Ҫ
ûûΡѰаֹһ䡣
Ѿ˽⵽³εȷרԼģһŲˣ˵Ҫһ𴳴컯
ѰҲͦ˵ģΪǰ³Լһκ
˭룬ʵԭȴǣ³ʦҲǸϵ˵ħһպֻ֮ҪŲˣܲڴгԿ
˵պҲˣҪŲԼˡ
Ѱòϣ⻹һϻˣ
ҵ˵һ£ŴԽԽЩϵͳеľΪһС֮򡯵ĵط׼
ͥȻ˵ΪϢӦѰа
ȻѰʱ¡
˵֮󣬹Ż䣬ֳһصĹ򾳣Уܶȡɾ;߾컯
ʶ򣬾ͱ֮򡣡
Ϲʱ֮䣬˲֪콾Ž
˵⣬ֲͥһ䣬ˣ콾Ҳھ֮֡
ǵط˭Խ𣿡
Ѱ̲סʣܹؼ
ͥ£л롣
Ѱһ˾ٺòˣûƣϹʥֻҲ̲סһ̽
ֻǣѰ˽֮ʱͥȴҡͷ֪ΪҲֻţл˽⡣
ˣѰжϳɾ;߾ÿһ콾ԣĿȻھ֮ڣ
Ҳζţʱ򽾱ȻᾺУչһǰδеĴ档
ңעܲң
Ͼ߾ɲ˭ܹﵽġ
㣬׵ʱҲȻҲ˵ء
Ѱа
Ʊ㣬³ܲ˴ط˯Ѱ֮󣬾Ϳʲô鶼һԵúܲ⡣
ԭѰ㽫ͥ£ɶԷȥ̽ѰϢǾȴĿꡣ
⵹Ѱһ˿⣬ִ֮ͥģֻҪֲиУԺɾͿ϶ԽԽߡ
ͥ뿪ˣѰͰ³˹µϡ
쿪ʼѰһνУյ˷κʱ䡣
ż򡾴ؼžеİأԱ;дͨһ֮УѰǳ
Ƕɼʥɮͺڻʥһĵ䣬µŻѪ롣
ڲֹŴزºͻһĵ뷨λʥ˶Դ;飬󣬼ֵ֮󣬻ҪһЩϵͳɹž֮ϣ
ѰȷǷޣҲǻᣬȴܹϰ˵е壬ɴˣͿԿ˵εȳͲ
֪䣬ǰʱȥ
һ죬Բ޳նѰȻһ


1110 Աȸ
оѣѰɫЩ
һֱֶ
䣡
һװĺ쳹һƬڶֱ
Ժ˯İ³ŵûһ£޹ģη
ʱ貵Ľۣ𽥹ճһӰ˫ָգ̧ͷ񷣬꿪ڡ
ϹΪ
˻ơ
񳯾Ѵǰ
Աȸߣ
ͳŴԵؼƮͷ嫣ĽɫֳӰݡ
һϮۣɫ𪣬񣬼信ΣһԽӲӵͫʱڱ񷣬ǹһĨаȶĻȣԵ쳣ۡ
³Ŀ࣬λɣ
Ѱ鴤겻˷ɸʤɧҪˡ
ˣȻϸһĺһ
ϸŤͷɫϣѵСӣϽߵݣ
³һ˭ҳƺԼСӣ
ȴѰƤЦݲЦߵݣ
ϸõ޶ۣСòΪǰһɣ㣬Ѿ츳Ѫϵ¶һ޶ط˴ƱҪ̤򽾣ɨǶ֮
˵⣬ѰȻԣ㻹ǸϽߵݰɣ˵׼һῴϣڳ֮ʱһЩԵ㹻
³һɵۣô
ȴѰ΢΢һЦȷҪô
ϸбѰɲǸ㿪Ц
ž
䣬Ѱͳ֣һƳϸϣһ򣬶ʱգȵСӣҡ
ž
Ѱ磬һףСӣ

ϸУܻӲӵԣ˫ؼ䣬ֲޱߵĻ棬ͫȼա
ƣһӱÿɲ֮

Ѱһü
ϸȷüǿ󣬲ͬնȴɵסѰİƣһγȥһһʺ͡
Ҳ٣ôܱǿ󣿡
ϸˣԸܻ֮źףһ׵ģ
ۼѰ̧ƣϸæУֵ򣬻ǲһֵͬˣ
ѰЦڲ
ž
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ϸ򶼲棬˴αչ꣬˳Ѫ츳Ϊ̥ǰı仯Ѻͬ
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Сӣ
Ѱһ͵طӦϸǽһ
ֻǣһԳСôôġ
һ費ҪߵݣѰʵ
ϸæҡͷڨڨЦЦѡ
ȴޱȣ꣬ΪԺ޼ɣѰһͷ룬ȴ䵽ز
Ұ
а
Ѱһʣ㲻
ϸ򶼲æҽˣвô۸˵ģ
һԭһпõĲݰģղŲ㻣סˡ
Աߵİ³޼ɵЦϸݺݱġ
ۼһҰ˰ļһҲҳЦԼϸʱˣӣ˭ҳЦŲ㣡
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䣡
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գݰΪ㣿
䣡
³ӰһչӰ۾֮ɽƵģѪڣһ񣬻ӶȭͷʱնƳܲסǵǿ̶ıҡ
ӴûӻǸʥ;ĺܽɫǱûǡۼɣ
ϸЩ죬ţϹһʲôϵ
ٷϻǽһĺᶼôô£
³ӰΰͣգԼɼëţֳһͷͷӰΪ̤ǿգѹ
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߶սǿ֮£ϡƼһ˵ս
ѰûֹͷսȴЩƽ
ѿϸ򾭹ıչѺˣ־۵;֮ϣ
ܾˡ
Ҫ֪ڹʱϸս֮ԣѪ츳ѷӳսܡ
ڣײһˣ仯Ҳ̫󣬾һ̤ۣɱԿƾס
ңյĵҲɲ£ŲǶǣƣ˵Ī⣬ֲޱߡ
ܹͰ³ս·Уܿߡ
Ҫ֪³СͷǰʮСͷ
ҽʮ꣬һؾߵĻʥ;ɼϸȴܹ֮սʵѰЩԾ
ͬ³չֳսҲѰ޷
ǵã³Сͷ֮ϣԶûǿ󣬷·𣬶̶̲ʱ䣬ڰ³Ҳĳ־һ
ۼϹһϸ˵Ƿ棿
Ѱŷ֣֮ǰûô˽³Ұ˵ļһʵӦż侪˵
䣡
أϵİ³Ӷ޹һ֮չ¶ֲޱߵĻ
ӹȻһйأϸƴһ
ûеü֮أȻһλðĽ⡣
ϸȥǺȻһöͭǮıԲڷŽɫɳᣬлɬĵϣӲһöС̫Ƶġ

һѣ³޹ǱþܿƵҪֶɡ
䱦ͭǮ⣿
³۴У͵طţסеľ޹ûбѡ
¡
һμһն򱬣ǬңƬھҷڡ
Ѱǰס˺ĽսԻǶѹ
ֻǣ˿û˼ЩȫϸͰ³ս޷
ǰ³ϸսңչ¶սֶҲԽԽˣѰǰûܵˡ
һúúһһѰԾ


1111 ӡ컯
ͨͨ
գϸͰ³Ѱֿ˵ϡ
ٴȥ˷Ǵ𲻿ɣɲѰ뿴ġ
ϸף񿪻һǱޱȣڵ
³Ҳֱ鴤ÿһ缡ڶ£ţ
˸ŵĵۼѹǿգܵü˹ϲ
ϸһ겻ѡ
ֻǣԴͷһ㶼ܻ
ˣһġ¾̶ţ֮ƣ컯֮ΪϹž湦ұ̾簡
³Ҳпѣֻ鴤ƺʹģܴ
Ҳ㲻ʶˡ
ǰʹһս
漴Ե磬ɣ
⣡
ϸͰ³Խ˵ԽϲһϧģͲѱԻٱˡ
ˣ
ѰǿеӦѻവ˸ˡ
磬ҾСԵܡ
³ֿؿѰ
ϸһ㶣Цֻ²װɣҿѰֵˣǺģǵıֿɲңҵɡ
³ҡͷУ
ϸüĲУ쾭尡
³ŭҪŵ϶ǰɣ
ϸɫһ㻹ᣬ϶ɲôõģΪã
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µǣһȻŵ϶
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Ѱɫ죬̲ס϶ҶУαҪأ
ϸͰ³һ㶣ɫˣһԵӬģ
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ҲУɡ³Ҳʼá
ҲһӦղֻѹԷһͷȴû룬϶ʶɲʲôôʡ
ÿѶĴжɲԼ϶
˭Ը⵱⣿
Խ룬оԽģڵóӶˣ֪ӦʹشӦԷ
ѰȴˣЦúܷ

ϸˣѰܸˡ
ѰҲ˽⵽ϸչЩ꣬˳һ츳ӡѪеĴ
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˶٣ɪͭǮɲ򵥣һһƻֻҪ޷ʥһЩȴǴ´࣡
һΣ³ûзΪղϸ֣֪ͭǮ
󣬰³Ҳ̹ϣĵȷǡۼǷϹһйϵҲ
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ϸ˵һֻǺȴʧˣҲ䡣
αչأѪ츳ͬʱҲŷӡĻ䡣
˵⣬ϸ̲סб˰³һۡ
³̹ȻңҲ֪
֪ʲôϸЩ
ֻ֪һϹžͶϾû룬кӴңӡѪеĴС
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ϸޱ飬㶮ƨ
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Ѱæתƻ⣬һȫâ׾Ħս
Ѱ٣һǰδеĴҲעһʱһεļѤã󣬾ͽʹ˵㡣
ϸȻ񷣬ұ߸ͽҡϵʱ򣬹壬ɾûˣ
Ѱ㣬ʲô𣿡
Ѱһ̤߾㲻㣿
ϸһĴȣұˣľ˾磬֮٣ұ֮ʱ
Ҳ֪֮򣿡
Ѱ졣
ϻϹʱֹֹһΣ֪ܲ
ϸܱģһԾͻɪš
ѰһƾͳԺףʱѹס棬ŹԹԵذѹھ֮Ѱ
֮£ԿԽ֮Ϲʱ֮ÿһν٣Ȼȫ޵Ŀ⣬˭ֻҪΪԻԴȡУ֪ΪΣ
ܼ򵥣֮е컯ͻԵ̫ˣൽκεͳκιۺ죡
ϸĭɣһָ㽭ɽģ
ұΪ˶ȡ߾컯޵Ϊ˶ȡԵ컯֮Ǹȡ衣
Ѱ̲סʣ߾ʲô컯ͻԵ
Сűϡ䡭ĵġ̥ȣʥ˶񣡡
ϸӲӵģȣзɻ˿ߣĻԵԳ󣡡
ѰҲļٵģ
м١
ϸ֪ϹʱһŽֻ侳Ϊķţޣھ֮żȻ̷һöڶ̶̰֮䣬һٳ
Ѱ̫˼ϻޱȵĵط
֪ΪҪڽžѣ
ϸ
ѰʣԼΪϹʱֹ֮ΣһЩ컯ȴڷӡ֮УϹЩƶϣΨһѤõĴʱЩӡ컯Żܱ̽Ѱã
˵⣬ϸ򲻽̾Щ컯ӡ޷ƣϹʱעᵮپ߾
Ѱ͵ô˵һΪ˵ȴ٣֮򣿡
ϸͷǰһ磬ʲôҲ벻ΪѪӡڼȱͬˣ˽֪Ҫʲô
ѰϸȷԼξѣϵĶ֪
Ѱһ¡
һʱ䣬Żв֪жٹŴ̥ճº䶯
еǳǧĲš
еǳϵĹ̥
гʱõģ磬ʥϵλСӣ֮еĵ껣ӦϹʱѽߣ
ʱѰط֣ߵϸ򣬺γҲһŴ̥ɿֱžѪ˽
һӣѰϸĿⶼһˣһ￴һۿ꣬˭뵽һϹŵϹ
㡭㿴ëϸ򱻶ûڡ
ѰҵһɹʵĵҺ֪Ŵ̥ʲôӣ͵ʲôͬ硭ʹ㿪ʼ


1112 Ŵ̥ĵϸ
ϸһ£зëæŴ̥ûʲôģ֮޷ǳŵʱһЩĵ̸ֲһЩյĴտһЩѡ
ѰĿģϸ򣬵δ޿ɳϹų˲֪£ƫƫܹ䱣״̬ѵ⣿
ϸҾ㣬ҵע⣬Ҿӣ
³ȿڣһڣֲʥŮ۾Ϲ˲Ŵע⣬˵ģȷʵͦεģһЩ֦չǶÿ
˵ٺٵЦݡ
ϸòҰƴ޵ľǰòŮȽϣ
̾˿֮Ԫʱ֮ūۣ˭޷ı䣬ܴʱϣ㳤棬⼸ǲܵ飬ʥ˶Ѱʱ֮
Ŵ̥ܱ֮ǱܣȴжܹµʴǽǱѩصӣ
ӣѰ
ԣϽֶΣǱܡȫӡɱܿʴӱѩأֻӡ£ܷɿسɳ
ϸıѰʺоԼ֪ĹڹŴ̥һһ֮
ӿɲ˭ܵģ
˵ϸɫϾ¸¸ת֮ǿϵͳǰҲǲ׺һڡ
ܿʴѩӣٴξѳĻᣬֹҪķѲɹԴңҪˣ
ãӱ¿֮ܡ
ѩؾζ
£ҲΨеֲ̿ޱߵĴ̺ʹͳǰ֣ӵ͡
⣬ѰһݣǷζţÿһܹڽѣճĹŴ̥ѶӮˣһЩĹŴ̥ٲܻ
ϸͷȷˡ
Ѱ˼ƶϣÿһڽĹŴ̥Ƿĳһϴǿ콾
ϸٴεͷӣҪļԴ֪һЩϹΪܹĳ콾δоѣľһ֮㾡һѪһˣ
£صӣӹ֮˵ÿһصӣԾ̤߱ĵ̺ʣ۵̡츳ǣԲѷɫڵκξ콾ǷȱģֻһĻᣡ
Ѱˣֲûᱻ̥ȫһȺϹŴ̺ľһѡĳǿߣ
ϹʱгΪ߾Ĵ컯ԤЩŴ̥ϲܻѡź͵ȴֻѳˡ
µĳź͵ȴֻΪ˵ȴ˴δ
ѰҲЩ𺳡
һη֣֮;֮пᣡ
ʱ֮ˣɣҲֻΪһգ
ãԵԣ˵ģΪڵʱӭһ
ңѰҲжϳνŴ̥Ҳġ
еĳʱ䳤Ϲʱѱѩأʼš
еĳʱ̣ǧǰѳĳ졣
ҲζţϹУͬʱڣбѩصĹ̥
ĿԲ̫࣡
ϸԣѩӣҪĴ̫һҪģѩأҲѲ
Ŵ̥սΣѰĵġ
ϸʱ񷣬Ȼ۵̣ŶҲ࣬սǿĽɫҲעֻôһ
һǶ٣Ѱʵ
ϸɿһ֪ܺܶ࣬Ͼĺ
³ʱģǷôĿ
ϸҰϲŸɣֱ̫ˡ
ֿʼˣѰû˼ᡣ
ŮƶϵĲʱ٣ֻʣһµʱ䡣
ʱ֮ؽ֣
ǵͳеľʥ֮صľѩźճĹŴ̥Ϊ˳ɾ;֮ע֮
һһ򽾵ԣעܱ⣡
ҲעԤипᣬɲ
ʱǰһˡ
Ѱһ˽ڴϢԼڷľ䡣
ţ
أѰһӿϲɫ
̽һֱֶ
һĺһᡢ޳Ӱ߳
ڰҹĹǴԼӰӳĵǴҹ߳һλ

ѰԺеȫɣĿ۹ȥ
ǰһ˴ɴһɫ£ñڸǰգֻ¶ƬԷ԰׵ӣһӨ׾µ°͡
ֻǣǰͬǣֱˣӰԼ޳ǣͷѾѰĸ߶ȡ
˵½ʱһɶСŮ
ô۵ƻʱѳͤͤ綹ޢŮδǣȴչ¶Ů绪
ʱֲֵһˡ
֫ϸӯӯһգñڸգɽֻǼߣչ¶һ޵
࡫࡫
ԱߣϸͰ³Լѵĭ۾ֱ
ȴԭĺɫ·ǰģԭСߣϾԵúܽġ
°ֻڵȲλ¶һԱֱѩס޳ȣ֬Ƶģú覴ãɢ͸ӨĹ
ѰҲооһ⻭ȴ̫г
ֻǣϸͰ³ǳģʱѰɫʱһڣ̧Žһ߷˳ȥ
óԼһ·ֽذ֫ϡ
УѰ⣬ƴʱ򣬰˯Ǳһûһ㲻Ȼ
ƻȻûʶСŮѲǵСŮ֮龰ҲѲǵˡ
ʼգҲƽ峺͸ñܾѰæµҲ͵ҲһȻûпܺͷԡ
ܿ죬֫ϵ·ǿסһɢջȡ
Ѱ⣬˵պţȳҰ㹺һЩ·
ʵ·֫ϣδЩײ࣬ǴԼļϣƽһĨķ顣
˵ͷ
Ѱһţˣҿû˵ĻһѺóԵġ
˵ţͿʼȡп⡢иɫСԡҲ滨һĳʳܣܶࡣ
һæµѰһߵξѹҲΪ𣿡
һȻضϣ˫ֻ˫ȣ۾һֱѰϡ
Ҿ֪¿ɳ˲ٹŴֵ̥ĺܣϸҲˣ֡
ˣξѣҪҪһȥ֮򣿾˵ӡŲ컯ĸҰȡ
µžҰӲӵ
Ѱһæһ߶߶˵ţԵЩ¡
Ҳɿ˿֮á
һУȻΪˡ


1113 
ֻǣѰæ꣬ȡɫʳȴһû̾á
ѰƺСУֻʣѰ
ǬԼǰʳ粻ڡ
Ѱһôˣ
ͣжȴһ˿˵ĸоͷ·ҪܽԤ顣
ҡͷû˵ʲôһ鿾
Ѱ֣Զʱٶڼӿ죬ƾֹݣȴĲɣֻΪ˳Զԡ
ѰĬţڰ⣬ѵϴμʱĳֱʣԵáЩԾˣ
ʱѾһɨգ̧续ӣһǳһѰҪ뿪һʱ䡣
顢峺ᡣ
ѰУȴƽһף͵һɫ΢䣺뿪
ͷü£μ޺һҪսںڰɱ䡣
Ѱһʣȥ
̧ף񷡣
֪ʱӿһҹĺĻŨī֭ڱ⣬͸ѹֵϢ
ԶϸͰ³Ҳ뿴ȥ
ҹһĻڰĩ٣һּžϢ
ȥǡ
ͳһضΪ֮ľϣ侲ɣȴһ־Ȼ
ѰҹĻɫЩأʲôطܺһȥ𣿡
ҡͷһ˵սң˭Ҳȥ
һѹޱȵļžУҹĻϣֳһصŻûںڰУ
ʱ䲻ˡ
УȻֳһ˳ìͨףһλðԡ
ͬʱһȻޱȵɱ֮ҲɢԣԼӰ飬˷ȥɱϾ죡
Ѱɫ𲻶
ԭϲȫģǻ¿ݡ
Ǵ½ƴһ˵Ҫ뿪
ǰȻҹŮߣѰ֪аҹŮչˣݳΣա
ɴ˴Ρ
Բһ
ȥսһˡ
һʱ䣬Ѱ飬ֹȴֲ̣ΪѾ˵ˣĵޣҪս
ĵ;Ѱֹ
ȻѰֻ屻סһĽӿ뻳Уͷȥȴ
һһ
峺͸Ųݾܾζ
Ѱʶͷ
˺󼸲Ѱһۣת̤նϡ
Ʈ裬ųìһоӿֳһڰ۶ɵĵ;ֱͨ񷡣
ûٻͷַ
û飬ַһȥء
ˣᶨնϣӰԽԽԶԽԽʣܿͱڰҹ֡
ѰµһٻӰʧķ·Ϳһһǰδеĳ嶯һߣ
䣡
ƬصǶתǻ𣬻꣬ȥ
ֻǣ̫ԶڰҹԶԶ޷
ҲڴʱѾ񷼫һȺڰŻǰ˶ٽŲ
һҪأһһֱ㡪
һХ쳹
ǷһĨĵЦݣľչ¶ǰδеĹʣһ˲·ҹΪ֮
һڣʹʧ
֮һʧģĻҹͺڰ±տȻһſǳ˸
µϣѰڷ졣
֮һ֣Ǻš
ϸǴ̶̾Ϣ
Ҳ
³죬ϻϲ󡲻ɣаˡ
ҷŪӲɣϸܻȥ͸³
ֻǣƾڣѰȴţǣһ겻ģ
ϸͰ³ܵǣһòΪ벻˰ɣ
Ѱɶ벻ģ´ȱ绪ʥŮӣԺҶץůļį
ϸµ
ԣϲĸﾡ˵˭ܰ㴲ȥ
³ҲȰοֻǷʽ뺷
ѰʱŤͷƳһۣϹ£Ƕƨ
ϸֽеģǺĺ⣬Ȼ顣
³ɵ˵òˣ䣬ڶŮӶȤ˰ɣ
ϸһ㶣ˣǿɾ鷳ˣϾҪչ֮ʱ죿
ԣ֮ʣֻæˡ³˵
ңϸָԼӣһ㵡
³ԣ㳤ôƯȥһԣһǷϲˣĻܲԳǷ䣬ȻϲˣݣҲ´ˡ
㡭Ū㲻ɣ
ϸףһˣ첱Ӵ֣һ͸³ƴҪŪ³
ȻѰһ񺮣ϸǰȥƴ̲ס뱩Ұˡ
һ֣Ѱ磽ⲻ١
գѰٶ뿪庣磡
Լĵ;ҪҲͬҪΪĵ׼

ҽһˣҵ֣ע˸񷣡
庣֮ϣϸ˷ܵôС
Ѿչض꣬ճ޲úɨ䣬úóһͷ
ôģԴޣ
³ܱġ
Ѱ֮Ϣˣ
庣֮ϣ˪ԭԭ˵ػߺޱȣޣ
ڣǱȫͬѩҲУĲľֲ۵ĻںУҡҷˡ
У絶ĺ⣬һŨ֮Уڣ
꣡
Ѱ£һѿѰע£һֲڽ䣬̵ҶӺһ侧Ө͸
Ѱ˻ժ£һ֪һɲ
⻹ֻѰĻҩܴȻҲᷢ˵ı仯
Ҫˡ
Ѱૣءڲž䣬ͬ
ңֱ仯ڳţ
ףּڴˡԶϸһǰ
Ѱǰͼұ棬׭һּ
ԭʮǰ庣ȴֵѰչʱûܼѰֻڴˡ
ѰμӼڡǧɽٰһһľۻᡣ
ۻһλ¶ƾеĵλ䳬Ȼ
ۻĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊһڴٵı£һɹĻᡣ
ңһǿҵĿǸ֮Ѱ޽Ҫ֮£һҪǰμӡ
ѰˣжʱףξۻĿģӦֻǽǰ򵥡
ʱ䲻ϱ˵ۻὫһºʼŹȥʮѣҪҪȥ
ϸĦȭƣڴ
ϲľǴ֣ǣܹμӵĶǵĶ
Ȳͷˡ
³бϸһۣһ˼ȻȥμӾۻᣬһῴģ¡
Ѱ̲סۣһڵļһԼ¶Ѿ漣Ȼŵı¡
߰ɣ
Ѱû
˵ţӰһããѩС
庣׶嫣һǰ



1114 ǧۻ
Ѱϸ򡢰³һ뿪˪ԭ硣
һ·ڸݾ֮䣬·;ϼʶ̫ûеġ䡱
ȣǺبĴ֮Ľ³ʧٶȼ졣
ƶϣһ£Ĵ置ͻ»Ϊһ嫴½ָϹʱķò
ͬʱڲ仯һЩѰѰɽȻ䣬ɽθһأӿֳŨ츣ء
һЩɱٶҲڼӿ죬ǰ޷ƿбϣԿˮɡ
һЩ³еҩ俪ʼ֣˲֪ٵͳ޵
ͬʱ޵ʸߵͣʱٶҲڼӿ죬ʱܹײƿش
ʤġ䡱Ĵÿһõ˷츲صѤã
Щ仯ɶڽʱڲŷ
̫ף
޵߽֪һǰδеĴע٣ȴû뵽ֻǴǰԤף˵ľ졣
йϵĵͳݷóۣ˴ξ䣬У
ҲƱ仯ؼ䣬ûһ㣬˾ˡ
ͬʱ±ö
Ŵ̥ƵƵ䣬ѹ콾
ѰϢͺ͹Ŵ̥йء
һЩŴ̥һʱڣɳ˲֪پ춯صĴ֪ܶˣ¶
ЩŲ֪õĹһǿһͿķɣɶǱȥˣ
ҲûȣÿһŴ̥ž֮ţгã͵ȴ˴δ٣ǿӹɵġ
һ·ϣƵ̾Ҳżʡ
Ѱϸ򡢰³Ժܾȣʱѣ羹ֳ˶粨
ھ񣬾֮ʱעΪʸ֮ġϸܲмڵЩŴֳ̥Ķ
ȷʵ
ԴˣѰᣬľ֣ش֮Խҫۣζű˶ϵĿܾԽ
磬ûһЩŴ̥Ҫս㣬ؽѹ
³Ц˵
Ѱһ·ȻҲ˵һЩƴš
ԭڣǰĿһѰһˣ
£˶Ҳ֮С
Ͼ͵ڻСͷһҲ͵ڻ˵еķĿ䣡
ʢ֮ۡ
иֵģһЩŴ̥ǽǴסħ񣬾ҪΪū̷ͣߣԴҫ
ϸҲ㣬̣
ϸ˵ĵǼٻѰҲƴš
˵ЩƺͽЩһѰԲһĽѵ
һЩèҲԼλˣ
ʲô⣡
Ҳ˽⵽һЩСͷϵľе̧ͷΪںһЩŴ̥ʱˣ
һЩ۾ͷҲѡܱԸʱЩŴ̥ͻ
߰ɣǵ֪Ϣվ̫٣ǰǧɽ˽ϢѰ
Ŵ٣¸طӿ콾׷Ȼиֽдʢᡣ
ǧɽչһʢᣬ淢𣬾ǰμӵģǵ̳뵽֮еĽɫ

ǧɽλݾڡ
ѰǽŴǰִݾڣһ·̽Ѱǧڡ
һǣ·;Ͼܶ
˴ǧʢᣬӰ켫Զʸģ̤۵۾ͷ
ţڴ˴ʢϣһЩͬһ̴¡
ϧҵȽʸɽС
ѰǶ̽Ѱо˽⵽һЩǧʢϢλȥ
һ¾ɽ룬ع㣬ǧɸߡ
Ϸǧֳǧ뱼ӵۡ
ǧɽ䲻
ڴɽһƬޱȵв¥Ҳжҩ鱦ĵ̡
Ѱǵִʱ⸽ѻ޵ߣ۹ǧɽۻĻ⡣
߰ɡ
ûе飬ѰϸͰ³һ𣬳ɽȥ
ò޵߶¶Ľ;η֮ɫ
ǧɽɲǰϵģϸĪĴڵɽʱܵų⡣
ңΪﵽ־ΣŲҲˣ޵ֹֻڴˡ
ףǼһ￴ƺЩħ񣿡
ע⵽ѰıӰ¶ɫеʶ
𣿡
˳Ծ
£Ѱһֱţʧһ㣬ͳһսûйϢ
ң˴Ŀ⣬ش۽ЩŴ̥ϡ
ȷ𣿡
޵궯ʮּش֮ǰħǵ֮һܾĿ
ʱ£ڴˣԻ䶯
޵߶ȥϸϣȷѰݣϧǵԵɽ
ңѰʼղͷ
ɽλą̃ͤ¥󣬽Ժܹžɲɣʱ޵̻У
ڸߴɽۣһ̳ϼƣԼҲԿһЩӰϡ
ѰǸյִɽͷֳ˲ˣԶμӾۻġ
ҴһƳ֮䣬ѰͷЩȫǿߣνǸƼ
һҲԣﲻ־Σܵϴɽ
ѰѰٰ죬ֲӵӰһ˼⣬һƫƧˣһ˵̸ۡ
ֱֵĹŴ̥УǾ۾ͷεĿֲڣǺ䣬˵֪ٸ֣ǳ衣
̾
Ŵ̥ճѹƵõ콾̧ͷȻơ
˵Ŵ̥ǲƥе𣿲ȻĻһܹսʤ
硣
ƥУߣⲻܣ֮УЩŴ̥ֻǻְˣס㡢ҶĦڭնħȵȣһǿף
ħ˵ˣ˲ãһǰĴγһʱǰ庣ѹħ˭ȴѹϹ໤һغ
Щ̸ۣ˵Ķ·ơ
ɽɽ۵̳֮ϣҲвڽ̸Щ˸ǿȻޱȵĽɫ
ֺαǫСͷ֮ǹնһ콾ǰʮ֮УսȻɽ۵̳һŮӿڣžζ
̳ϣһϣɫƽҲֻǵʮûʲô
˶¶֮̾ɫϳݣĴ嶷ԶΪһľСͷ
ͬʱɽλõһЩ޵߽¶֮ɫ龴η˵ҲС٣Ȼɽ۵̳Щǿߵݺܲһ㡣
ѰȥֻЩ죬ܿҲ嶷ˣӵʦ֣СͷϵıֵҲȦɵ㡣
ʶǼһ𣿡ϸʵ
棬Ѱڵ
ԱߣһЩǵĶԻʱ̲סЦֻǼѣֵҫ𣿻Բ˵ڣЦ



1115 ͥ
ǶѰķ̣
˭óֻǣϸͰ³ȴŭϲ͵һѪ˰㡣
ѰвãǺϸ򣬻ǰ³ɶʡ͵ƣ
һһڣһѺ֡һ·ԼѹţͲֳ֪ˡ
ע㣬¡ѰƳһۣ͸в
˶ʱ˪Ƶˣ޾ɡ
Ҳ֪֮ǰ˼ˣֵ΢΢һЦһ䡣
һ˻ûʸɽ۵̳Щ˽Сͷεĺݽɫǿɲͬһˡ
ҵҲμСͷ֮ҲֻԶԶЩˣʵɽǲȥ
˶׷׿ڣﻰ⣬͸һ԰Ҳжɽ۵̳Щ˵ľηĽ
³ԣʵ̲סˣЦҲμСͷ֮ʧˡ
ɫӣʲôʧԾǳ
ҰˣȰǻɽɣ˴ܹۻģһǵ̳˱ģһΪģ
Ѱ̲סЦˣҡҡͷ֮ǹལһȺ֮ˡ
߰ɣﲻӭǣ˳
ϸɻŤͷѰ˭˵ѣȻμӹСͷ֮ΪɶǶϵ㣿
Ѱʼ磬ʾ֪
³Цܼ򵥣ڴ꣬ûμӹСͷ֮𡣡
ʱ޵ɫЩȻ
뿪ŭȳ⡣
Ķʱɽ޵ע⣬ɽ۵̳Ҳ˲Ŀ˹
ףƺǡ
˾ѰʱɫȻһ䡣
ͬʱɽ֮ϣ嶷ԾȻǡ
嶷һλСͷǰʮķ˳Ծɽ۵̳Ҳ
󣬵Ѱģʱ¶ݣ
ħ񣡡
Ҳˣ
̳ϵӰЩû뵽ºħ񾹻ڴˡ
ִݹ٣ʧԶӭʱ嶷ѴҴҳɽ
֣룡
̳ϵҲ׷ױȭž
ħ
ɽϣЩ޵߽Ŀ࣬˾ȻǰЩµѰ
ǰͳѰǵˣȫɫһһףԴҲû뵽Ӻģһλֲڡ
Ѱȷúɽ۵̳ϵн飬С̫ǿˣ
ͬҲÿ˶ʶѰ
죡ħСͷһ
ǰѹ죬߲
Ƭ򳹵ײƽˣеĿⶼѰ
䵱˿³Ұ˵ļһҲ嶷мʱ˶
Ⱥ֣ԤܹħһģҲԲѰ֮ˣ
Ѱ³֡λѣϵ̳һ𡣡嶷롣
лˡѰЦŹ֣ûȥΪǰЩ֮ˡ
ϸͰ³ͬЩһ
ѰЩȣһʲôʱ˴ˣ
һȺܶѣǼƽƽûǵݣϸһİ⡣
Դơ³ΪȻ
Ѱһ̾ʶѾѰɫˣ£ҲҪ˵ģ
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ʮ޵ϣṲ̊۵
ٻѰϤףСͷǰʮҫ
ѰִʱͳĿĽ㡣
ڳ֮УѰСͷһĴڣڳһ֮⣡
˵˴ξۻɹѷΪȴˣѰʵ
嶷һ㲻ֵ֪Сʱǰʦֽӵһս飬ֻ˶Ծ
˻һҲһ£Ȼ֮ǰҲ˽⵽
˶ս˭
ѰȤǰ˵ǿƾ۾ͷе׿ѳ꣬Ϊһߡ
һˣѿƵеǿ֮һȴ˸ҷս֮ԾȻ˺档
һаͥĹŴ̥˰ǧ֮ãǰһĺᣬֱ̫ӡ
嶷ɫ˼˿£ǰųеĵѾʮ
ձóأ޵߽ɫ΢䣬ȻҲ֪ͥĿ¡
ǷаգѰʵ
嶷Цʦ˵еûбʤİգԲŻӦһսսʦֿ϶ᡣ
Ѱͷжϳܹͥ˿أӦȷһǿĽɫ
һ
ϸȻ
˷׷׽Ŀ⿴Ϊϸ˽ʲô
˭룬͵һЦҡͷֻ֪ǡΟߡԵȺû˵ʲôһȻֻ֮Ҳ㲻ʲô
˶һĿ湻ġ
ǿϸѰ֮࣬˽вˡ
Ŵ̥ǿ󣿡ѰʣЩļͿ
֣ܹϡŴֵ̥ģ붼Ǿ۾ͷεĶսȷǿףҲźͱչأҲֻܳƵţʸ񱻳Ŵ̥
嶷ĽͣѴһжϣǾǣŴ̥ھ۵;ϵ裬Ӧѿˡžҡ׶ΣˡǷ켫֮ز
ѰжʱȻΪڴ˵;ߣʶҲǷ켫֮ľж
֣չһʱ䣬вٹŴ̥Ҫһսء˵
˽Ҫ㣬䵱ǰū̬ͣţ˷Ȼ
ѰЦˣһȺèĽѣλᡣ
һӼžԣ仰ˣҲ̫ǿƺ׺ӹŴ̥Ϊè
۵Ҳֻħ˵㻰ˡ
˵Ҳ֪ѰĳһսǺ޼ɵĵˣΪΪ
֣ԣһЩŴ̥ܻ˵أңעƣ嶷̾һ
Ǵ˴ξٰǧʢᣬϢ˼죬֪жͬڹעš
ʱǰڴ˵̳дͬͻأؽӵ԰ͥһֽս飬ֻǰӦս
ɶһͲñĳŴ̥ءϸΪȻԸͽ
˶һһ˭Ҳ̫˰ɣȻٿŴ̥˳ۣЩҲ˵򣬺ܾܿ鷳
ҲڴʱɽͻȻһȻ궯һĮ
ʲôǧۻᣬһж˲ԭҲֻһȺ߹ѣʧ
羪ףϣԶš
ɣйŴ̥鷳
˶һɫ䣬ɽ¡


1116 ƺս
ɽ·ϣǰһ
ģԲͬϢ쳣ǿմʬɽѪ߳ޣȽɽ·ƽء
¡¡ǰУž˵ԣ֮ѿͷף쳣ˡ
ѣһѵִɽλá
ɽһ޵߽ԵǰӣһɢϢǿ֮ѹȵò˺ѡ
˵һ߲ͣת⣬ɽϵĴɢ޷赲
һıϹŰͼصľ
һִնڹѣһһɫѷ죬ֲ
̫ǿʢһ٣ڳ޵߽Ȼɫá
嶷Ҳһɫء
ǱǻƽһĺХݣϳԷݣˡ
ʱ嶷һ䣬ХһŴ̥ڽһʱ伫ֳ֪ٵķ粨
Ȼ˴ǧۻᴫȥ˹Ŵ̥߲ƣ
ʵϣؾ䣬ʱĳؾٰһǿ߾ۻᣬͻйŴ̥٣ơ
ҲˣĴῡ֪ܲжٱŴ̥ѹ衣
ŵ˵һʱ콾漸Ҫ鲻סҪŴ̥ѹ̧ͷ
ʱХ˽ǱЯλս͵ɽע۵ġ
λǰ£һʣԵޱȾнͼɵ
˵ǧʢٰ죬ڿȴʧҲˣֻһȺ߹ľۻˡ
һĮӱ𣬱Ļڣ޷ŵ˵ݡ
һӼžѯ֪߲ƣǹµġ
ܶɫѰҲЩȻǹŴ̥ɣ湻ġ
أҡ
УĮٶ
ʦʱڣûб黹뿪˴ξۻᣬӭˡ
嶷һ´
ԣҵȲӭǣ߰ɣ
Ҳ׷׿ڣɫޱȵļɵҲкεų⡣
룡
͵أǵĮȣ羪ף¡¡ɢֹѹס˳ò޵˫ˣѪ
ôȻײɣ
嶷ɫһ
ףֻһЩڼǿߵļһмＸ
У˵
䣬վ絶棬ɨȫɢһɿֲɷ
Ҳ۸ǣǾѡ˳ʹһжԾӦξۻɾͰ첻ȥˡ
УĮ͸һӡ
һ̣嶷ڳ޵ɫһѿ֮вСͷϵľСͷʱȴӡ
ȻҪʹӳ֣
ɶ񣡡ҧ
һ裬ʹнǶڳЩӡ
𣿡һƾǵݺɸҼд裬ԸǣҵȰѴ´࣡
⻰̫ʢˣһսͣڳˣ˭ܲŭ
ɫޱȡ
ϸͰ³ЩȥˣֻǣȴѰסʱ򣬿ɲ֮Ҫ嶷ľϡ
ľվȿɶڼٮٮߣòһսûаɣ
Ϊ׵ĺЦӰߴɢһŨޱȵɷˡ
ڳ˶ĲޣޱȣһսҲҫ
̲סһ
һֳ꣬һɫꪣһλҫޱȵ콾
˾һ񣬷׷׺޲úɱһɱԷ硣
㲻СӲм⡣
ϣ
ɫ䣬ϻӶɫꪣѿգɲɱ
䣡
һһɲѪ磬ϣչҶԾ
ֻǣʮغϣһɫꪱҷɣ
򱻺߬סһŤͷ­ͱšһ£ѪȪ
湻ģ
ɫᣬֶӵʬ壬Ҳһۡ
ţ˶ѪȵһĻ̼һɫ䣬񶯵û뵽һսͶѣǿ
ʵ˷ŭ;壬޷ƽ
ɱˣ嶷ŭ
ôҲһսӵȻ

ܲˣһ꣬СͷǰʮĽɫ۵;С
䣡
һֳ֣սһӳգɱ
ͬޱǿ쳣ǿ󣬺ԥͳȥ֮Ծһ
䣬˾ѽϰٴΣһƺУ۵һӲһ첲
ৣ
˲òܣ뿪սɫǱѿޱȡ
𣿹ȻǸЦ
Ⱥ۽ԾŭСͷľﶼǶ֣ϣĶˡ
һʱ䣬˶嶷ֿ˿Ѱ
嶷һɫ䷺һĨȻ治ڣڳ֮УǴ˴ǧʢĶ˾ƣԵվ
ֻǣжͱѰסȻʤҲֻӮһսͣ𡣡
嶷һ
ҲڴʱǺս͵Ŀ⿴Ѱ¶һɭȻЦݣһսұ֤úѿ
˶Ŀ뿴Ѱ
ħڳ֮Уսǿͷ˵׼ܻǰһ֡
ȴѰ΢΢һЦŤͷϸ֣ȥˡ
ϸɴ۾ŵȥһūͶԾҿɶˣҪȥҲҰȥ
˵ţĿ⿴³³æҡͷвУ㶼ԸЩūսȥˣҵ
˶㵣ͷߣʲôʱˣҪִЩ
ϸֻɫʺ֣ȥˣԾ۸ǡ³Ȱ
ϸŭеֻɫҲҳսǶϵ裡
˵ִǺӶ㵣ɫһ۾ҪȼˣԷ
һϰɣȡ
죡
룡
ϸͰ³ܲǺӺȳ⣬õúɫѿˡ
ۼҪִѰвϸ㾿ȥȥ
ϸһĲԸջЭˣûУ͸һӣ
󣬵ŤͷǺʱһζģͷ˵ɣԼĨɱԸգѡ
ԴǺܿ
ЩӺ˶
˶ɴ۾ɲλС羿˭ƺ˲ð
ϸĺڹɱ磬ҧ˵ٷϻ
ٺ٣ûȥء³ЦΨ²ҡ
ϸ鱾ͺܲֱ³˵٩ʱŭڣӰһͳ˹ȥ


1117 
Ӱߴսͣʵȴ쳣ǿ
Ҳ֮ǰɾܻλСͷϵľ
ۼϸ¶һЦݣģƯƵģǾȻ
䣡
̤գȻɢֲɱƬնΪ֮ҡ
󷽣ѰŲæ˵ϸ˵ǣɲ˰
ֱǻϽͣ´
Ҫ֪ϸޱŮ˶Աȣ
ģҷŪⲻ۵󣡡
ϸŭڣӲӵģһХͱɱȥ
ڳ˶ɫ죬һʼͺſֻǡвУ
ûףսѾ
䣡
ϸָӶ£ǣֲ
ʼӻЩΪȻɵһĻɫʱʶ
Ѫգ
ȣָаѪŷ糱ӿƬسɽХĻ֮
飡
ײ쳹
ӻ׻Ƶģһ鴤ĵ˳ɫ䣬ɫء
ͣҲңɱ㶼֣ϸһĲм
ڳʶܴԸܿ꣬һǿĸ֣
ߣ
ɫ䣬һѪɫ޽˲£ϢһѪޡ
ն
ϳ壬ƬضΪ֮һѪɫٲϯ£Լħ޺쳹ˡ
䣡
ͬʱϸɱ
һϮۣӿаȣӲӵģּѣճ»١Ƕĺ˾
ת˲ѣѺͺӼɱһš
λѺǿս嶷ȡ
ҲһŴ̥Ѱڵ
嶷һһһŴ̥ȻħߣһһΪհɣ̫ˣ
أбһ󻶺
嶷ȥȴŸտʼսѣǺѾѹסм֮
ϸȴ磬Ӳӵģһҫ۵Ĵս㣬ָأ
ۣ
Уӱ̲סѪɫѿû뵽һӲӡ
˭£
ϸɫ°ֿǼ֮籩㣬ηԷ·ԷѹƵö̧ͷ
л֮ң׷ΪϸȲʡ
ϸ⣬սʱҲӾʮ㣬ת˲ѣͽñףӡƺۣڣ֮
ϹӶܿӸ޷̵Ļᡣ
˽̲ס̾С翴һЩ˼пıǮ
ϸ³ЩȥˣµһèĽɫѣô󾢣ϸ㲻úܶˣ
ϸʱһģо³ڼֱ̫ɨˣ
ˣҾҰ˼ʶһ´үͣ
أϸ򷢳ȣָ͵һɬӡɲǼ䣬ŷ貶ĿĹ⣬У£
һݵĿֲϢ֮ϸɢֻǰһʹ޷ˡ
ã
߸һֱڹսĺӼˣɫ΢䡣
ͬʱӻëȻ֮ǰڿǿţѹƵü˿̼ϸҪɱУٹ˲һʹӴܡ
ֻǣѾһ
䣡
ƥ´ӡУӶͱʢĵ⸲û
ӳֹ֣һз
ͬʱ³Ҳ۾Ӱ峡Уҡض
һ˶ѣȴס֮⺷ǿƣòҲΪ֮Ŀࡣ
գ貹Ǹߴĺӳױɱʬ£˽ٽ
˭֪ϸȴܲ⣬˭Ұ˲ֵģһȺѣΪ˵ң
飬ҿɲǾ㣬ֻ˶ѡ³Ц
Զһںӽɫѿ
嶷ڳ޵ߣܲѣϸͰ³ɹܶԷѹסԷ棬ǽԺʹ졣
λȱˣҽЩһһ˵
ϸܴ۾߸ӡ
ɡ
³һһȥǼƣҪһȥս߸ӣ
ͰһŮӼС
ҰҲ̫Ҫ˭ˣϸܻԥҲΨֱϸԼͷĻᡣ
޵߶𶯣Ŀ࣬ǰһĻ
֮ǰһǰڣڳԴоǲмǴ˼衣
ڣȴһӷˣ
ڰ³ϸУЩս;һȺ㣬ҪϷ֣ʵײһЩ
λѿǡ찡嶷һΣԴ¡
֮ǰڵĴ˴ǧʢὫΣ˼̤ƻڣƺһжıˣ
û취һ·Ͽﻵˣò״סᣬ϶úúйһ¡Ѱʼ硣
嶷һаֲֹܸħΪѣԭһҲǻħĺݽɫ
֮ǰΪζԸ֣嶷̲סʡ
ǲԸǲмѰһȻƢһЩҲǺҪġ
嶷ʱԡ
ٿʱһݣϸͰ³绢ȺݺأǺ߸սͶԾȴǻȻ·硣
ó޵߽ܣ׷Ϊ˺ȲŮӿ˵Ŀⶼϳ֮ɫ
ۣ
ûã³Ȼɱһս̲ͣס̾Ϣ̫ˣɱ׺Ҳˡ
˵ȴһüɫı顣
ϸȴҧгݣղѣˡ
ۣ
ܿ죬ϸҲɱһսͣ˵ָһּį̬ڲףʲôиߴʤ
Ѱǳ鴤ЩװǻƵ̬ˡ
ɳأ޵ȴһȵģ˼侴Ȳˡ
ۣ
³ûȻɱһ
ɽţϸҲһ֡
˾ھʱȣ˭˭˴ż䣬õԭһѪȶɲսȴֹζ
ˣ
͵أһֱŵĽǱУһĮ󣬱ܱŷɫ磬ɢС
ţ
ϸͰ³һݣԥѡ˱ܡ
ۣۣ
ɫӳУȴһٽʣµսͻɱѪУ
սͶһĴ㵺ȻɱԼģǵˡ
ͬʱеĺȲҲȻֹ˶ɫ䣬ֱð⣬ѪȵһĻ
ȷ˭Ҳû뵽ǱˣԼս˺֣
ѰУ嶷ɫҲ֮
һȺҷͰһС¶ãҲá
ĮУڱĻϢؾ
󣬴߳һӰ
һ꣬һϮѪۣһͷɫ̫貹ɢں󱳡
ɫһֹĲҰɫݣһͫ˵̹⡣
һ֣ɢϢһɫ䣡



1118 ̫
Ѫۡ𷢡ͫ
ǹĲҰɫɢһϢ
ǿ
һ֣Ƭѹ֣ƼԨ䡣
ڳ޵߸оѣвȻѪɫˡ
˾ǻƽһĹŴ̥ХԴӺճѹʮްܼ
嶷ɫأɿ콫˵ϸ֮Ѱ
Ѱ˵ͷɫƽҲХƼ䲻һֶصľͷ֮ơ

ŽХóѹֶһƬ
޵߶Ǽɵޱȡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǰѪսͣһǿޱȣѹСͷεľڳ޵߶Ҫǿ
ɾǿߣȴХ˵ɱɱΪҷͰ
ѪȶбֶΣɹġ
ڳһ˼Ķ֡
³гʢսⱼڡ
һҵģ
ϸУɫܡ
ߣ֪ߵغ񡣡
ˣХߣɫĮᣬؽһһһ·
Ŀ⿴Ѱħ񣿡
ԴϣһĨɱ
жһֻǸܵһޱȵѹֺɱ
Ѱͷ
ХָϸͰ³ʵսͣ
ʱϸͰ³ˣеô˵ģֵܣ
Хޱûʲô𣬷ҪģֻʸҶԾ
˵⣬һνǱ͵ͫѰһᣬΪֻҪĹҿԿǴһ֮һȥȡ컯
˻һȫѹֺš
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ңֱԲ䣬ҪħΪūͣ
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ϸͰ³Ҳɴ۾ƲԼ䣬ģûģ
˭һ
ΪǹŴ̥Ϳ޷죿
ģǵһμһģϸɫܲÿΪһѹԼͷȲˬ
ǿ񣬶ǺǷᡣ³磬۽
С
Ѱ˵ʱѾƮȻ£ڰ³ǰ˵ɡ
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ѹĵûһ֧ŹʮУ
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Хף̽һץһֲѷ֣Ծ˵ٶѰ
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¡
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ϧ̫ˡѰӦͫԨƽһҲ֪һС
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ХЦͷ𷢷̤ǰչɱ
һɱصĹŴֶ̥ǿӲԵ
䣡
һ˷ֿ˵ձ飬ؾɳʯ
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Хսֶͬ׺ƥ̧㣬ϼ죬Ǭ
תۼ䣬ϣǳʢԣնŤλڶսˡ
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ĿǰеĿԾ
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ûã͵أѰȭŷ貵Ĺ˲佫ɱĽХɳȥģܵѪ
ͬʱѰһõģͣǲǹŴ̥
ԣ˶òҧסͷħڱﲻ̫



1119 ѹŴ̥
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Хɫʱ֮ζҪըΪƽһľںܾ֮ǰѽ;Ƿ켫Σ԰ĵ̡
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ͰͥĶԾʤİ
Хĵִǧɽһƣ˶һ
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Ѱһףϱ۾׵ǧɽϣͨһ׼׹밢³һڴС
һ࣬ХŤͷϾǺˮ˺һۣеʹ֮࣬һǰδеľ塣
˵صˣɴӲش졣
ȫˣ𶯲ѣ
ֱգһŴ̥Ҫˣ
˶ʶעһ䶯ޱȵĴϢХԳйһܡ
֮ǰ֪жپС
ڽգȴתֱۣ߸˸йۺ֪˶ʶŴ̥ǲ޷սʤģ

ХХĿѣҪ޷һС
ϧѰɲŹô˻ᣬѽƹȥն
գХǿűߺ裬ԦױӶݡ
컯ͻԵ񣬵壬ɽȴȻŴθˣ֮࣬Ҳе塣
ʶٲߣֻҪ
ѰӵȫԸϡ
飡
Х𣬴ƬѪ䣬شЩϲ嶼ѡ
գӹһ٣ţղ̶ֻȥ
Ѱ׷Ѿǰ˵֣׷ˣ׷ϣҲɱ
ѰҲǰΪʥХ뿪ȷȥء
ֻǣȴЩ⣺Ϊ׷Ҳɱ
ǹŴ̥оԵıֶΣȻϹҲɱǡ
Ľʥ͵ıگԼһЩıֶΡ
˶٣ϾÿһŴ̥ԱһͳһȺϣֽɫɱġ
ѰЩʣҲ档
֮ǰѾϸ˽Ŵ̥类ѩصӣͶעһѪ
޲һţǱɱһȺеĸŬ֮ϣ
ʶΪ˷ֹⷢЩŴ̥ϣԲвΪ֪ıƣ
ûãѰһ𷵻أǧɽ
ʱɽɽ£ǷһƬĻȻ;̾糱ˮ˷
Х
һλĹŴֹ̥ѹҲش죬ղ̶ֻӣ
֮ǰ˭û뵽һ֡
ܽХѰҲһӳΪĿĽ㡣
ս޲ʤħ񣡡
пһµĹ
ħսٶԱȽ֮ʤ˶֣ħ񴳵ͬ˵ĶԾУйİܼ
˸е˼顣
Խ𣬹Ŵ̥޷սʤѱˣһУ԰ħͣ
˶ü֮С
ʵǽʱµ޵߱ЩŴ̥ѹö̧ͷнһ
ڿͷˡ
ǧɽϣ˿Ҳֲѡ
嶷һĹǡ
ѰشХһսòμӴ˴ξۻ޵߽ܺͼɣ
ֻǣܿ˾ͱһ˵񣬲޵߶ס̿ˮĿ뿴һڴ
ֵҲһӱƫˡ
³ڰ߸һӨ׾Өڷڣðݣ磬ζܽ͸Ƶģ˸Ͱѳֲס
Ѱźۼز˲ˮζƺȺʹⶼʤһ
һɫ͵ǰλħ񣬿һԹ칷ˣ


1123 Ѩ
ǧɽϣ˵жһ˴ѵķϢ
ƽȷʵޱȣϣӨѩʱŲӲ⣬̾˵ݼ
ϾһŴ̥⣬ѰɸͳԲ
ϸͰ³Եһһ죬ﶼðϼ⡣
ѰҲһƣһ߳⣬ա
ԭ޵߻ЩŲĴɵΪȥҲ˽Х⣬ǺɾЩˡ
ʵܲסʳջ󣬷׷Ҳ˳ĶУһƷζȻԣʱ˲ʧ̬̻
һЩׯֵŮӣ˿̶ˡ
ХһĻֻ·ɣûƽһĺᣬȴʳɺܳ衣
ʦ֣Ͱͥһսʤ븺
嶷̲סʳ
ʱעȥ
ͥǰһĹŴ̥䣬ս죬ۼȽХй֮޲
˼һսú࣬ʱҲûзֳʤܵˣɰͥҲùһսֻƽ֡
˵⣬ЦЦȻҺսΪвͬһսңǰͥԲĵƣˣպܿʯٵĽ
˵ɣȴһսȻޱȣ
Ͼ棬ǰͥľǿߣƽֶǶԣѾ
лʤգ˭ܻһƽֵĽ
֮ĿǰѾЩŴ̥жǿ󣿡Ѱʵ
ɫã˵ǿܹ֮ԿߣΨ̤Ƿ켫֮ľ۾ͷͬѷ֡
һ鶼
ݣϲܻ˵Լ磬־ĻȻƶϣ֤ЩŴ̥εȿ£
ĽΧŹŴ̥Уһ޵۵¾ƣѰҲǵ֪Ϣ
磬£ľ·֡
һǵ۾ͷ桢㡢ҶĦڭնȵȡ
һʥ֮صвһЩźֻ̥Ի
Ψе֮ʱЩŻᡰ
⵹Ѱʥ̵ֲ֮ޱҲ˴ز´ľ
֣һʱƵƵĹŴ̥ˡ
ױ֮ЩΣ
ѰȻʵ
˻һȫžħ㡣
ҲУԴƳѰһۣڵҲμĽǰʱѾ֮µһˣǿ󣬷£Ҳ˿ɡ
չʮֻ꣬˵ױǿҲɲˣ
Ϊϵͳͨ콣ҲϹŴĴǰãһСľ¡ĹŴ̥ͨ콣гͷֱӸǹס
˵⣬ɫ΢üһ˿˵Ǿ壬Ǿ̾ζ֪Σ
˽˶䡣
ǻͷһš
ڶľ³ĵڶ죬ǰܾ֮ذݷãƣ
һȫԼš
һλŴ̥ȴݷú;ƣζ̫˳Ծˡ
ľӮ׵İգע𣬶ȴǰڳ˵͵ֻ̬֤ҪôϲףҪôǲԸ׽񡣡
һ֣֤סѾǿŴ̥Ϊ֮ɵĵز
˵⣬סһ̾ףԶ޷֪жǿ󡣡
ѰɫȻǿҲ޷־Σ޷ܵġ
ЦϻҲֻħ˵˻ˣˣ˭ң

渺ˣԭҪٰ֮õǧʢᣬҲֻǰ
ϣ浥ҵѰżɽ֣֮ܿͽ٣һͼغ֮еһ컯֪ǷȤ
Ѱһɷϸ˵˵
Ҳ֪Ϲʱ֮ѾٶΣеһЩ컯ʹԵȴڷӡ״̬У޷á
һδԲͬ˼Ѥֻ֮֮Ҫ٣ڷӡһЩ컯пܱȡ
ѰͷѾϸ˵Щ
еһͼͺ;֮еġѨйأҲֻһݲͼȡ컯ƾԶԶԣһ롣
̹ϣδҴš
ȻҲмķգ֪֪⡮ѨֻҲζţ컯Ȼ﷢ͻ
ѰԣѨĴڣ
ͨӦ棬Ҳ˵ϾǴطһֱӡţԹ
ѰһʱЩԥ
ЦӦ񣬲żֿȿǺһҲ١
ΨһܹǣܶѨе컯һپ̤֮
Ѱһڶݡ
ֿ˵Իһʱϵ潫һö׭ͼĵ˹
ѰʹС
ڵ嶷һ뿪ǧɽ޵Ҳ½½뿪
Ѱϸ򡢰³һҲͬʱ뿪ˡ
Ǿǰīһˣܷϵ鱦ʥصԾѣھ֮ٺԾһж
ѰѾ֮µ޵ߣн֮ĻᣬҲζţȹϵͳˣעǵж
ϸ˽Ѩ
ҹǰī·;ϣѰԼһ̽ѰѨ֮ϸͰ³
ϸһüǵӿ湻ģǵط⣬ѵ֪Ϲʱ֪жپͼǿ룬ڱУ
һתĦȭƵһδͬѨķӡܻ߽ܿܽһ̽ҲһѵޱȵĻᡣ
ѰüΣգ
ΣգޱȵΣգϸ˵컯веյģ
ô˵ǽȥѰЩ⶯ˡ
ϸڤãջҡͷȱϣ»࿼ǣɲ֪Ѩλھ֮еġϾžڣ컯Ҳɱ٣֮е컯ô࣬÷ǵԼȥðա
Ѱ֮򣿡
ϸ̾˿˫ָ񷣬һ˵Ĳɣģµ񣬱ҲˣϹʱǾ֮ӡ±㼣ȹ¼ֻ¶û˼ǵˡ
ѰͰ³뷭˸ֿۣʼԴˡ
ɶ飿
ϸˣյ¸ǣǰ֮ģǶȡ컯ȲԷһ⣬򣬾ƾǳʶ˵ȡ컯ˣˮȲ

³һġ

ѰЦ
ϸٸ޹⣬ŵǿ֪֮еġǧ硯ֿ֪Ͼž


1124 ԳС
ǧ֮еǧ򣡡
ÿһ򣬽вͬ컯
ΨܹÿһǰʮǿߣʸϾž֪𣿡
ϸĭӷɽΪϴ̳裬ѰͰ³̬ȣҲҴˣԼ֪˵
ΨнϾž콾Ļᣬ֪𣿡
֪ɣǣΨϾžŷӡ컯ǿɶ
ɣǿ֪ϾžѪ֮أھжգ
ɣ֪ģͲ֪ߵغľʲô𣿡
ϸԽ˵Խһӳⷽٵ̬
ѰͰ³ĬˣϸȻ̬һЩ˵Ļʵϵġ
ԣ֪ǴǸ֪Լ֪ˣϸ⣬ĭӶϡ
磬ô³Щ飬ϸˡ
ѰĻشܼ򵥣һƴϸףͷѵȻ֪ô࣬Ϊǰ˵˵ˣǻԴ㣿
ϸһףöͷֱðߣ֪Ϳˣ
ۼѰɫƣϸæתƻ⣬ˣұ֤ǰ֮ʱΪǳ䵱ָ;ƻɣ
³ɹЦ·ʹ·ɶƣ˵һԼ𣿡
ŪҰˣ
ϸһ˰³
ԩֿˡ
ѰԾһҪúʰһϸ˶ԲŲٻڵģֱ̫ʵˡ
Ҳ֪ѻ᲻ӦһжȻѰԶ鱦ʥصԾѣ˼⡣

繳߹ҹա
ϣһݺύؼ佣ХΪҹɫƽһĨɱ
ɣ
һͷѻԶ
ֻǣ带һƬأͱһڿеĽ飬۵һѪ
ϣʯͨţþżѵء̧ͷ
Ŀ⿴ԶһʤѩӰʱɫ䲻ƵشһĨļɵȻ
ˣǿ
ʯͨʨһĹŴ̥ǰòźճʱʮºպһ
츳ݣʨһġɽڹŴ̥Ҳһݽɫ
ɽգȴˡ
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Ҳ˵£ͳױѹ
ʱʯͨۡ
һλţԲ쵽꣬˺һ磬ƤѪ졣
һλڱǺгһ˺ۣһ磬ֺ
˵һۣλʺֻһ磬Ǳһ̳Ľۣ
һЩԿһ
ƣЩƶأȴʯͨԸӵĳشı
Ϊ̫ԷɱȫֻһܽУ
ҲˣŻеȻͿ־塣
ΪһŴ̥ʯͨɴû֮ͬУԷսֲ֮
ˡ
ʯͨȻıܴ־֪һսܣѸ޷ĨȥӰ
ǣԶȥӰȻף£
޵߿ֻ¸޷һλһʱպյĹŴ̥
ң繳Ĺ⡣
ĿͶԷ뿪ȴһ̾Щˣ߸оЩȻζ
̧һףйŽӳ
һݰףĽ֣ͯ˫ֽӹŽСĲڱĽϻС
󣬽ͯ˵ϲ쿪ʤڽͥɨѨ֮ƣһŴ̥ǽʱһѹŴ̥ĵ콾
ʣ͸žĽͳݡ
ԺֻҪ˵ˣһһĶ֣ûʲôֵùصġ
ƽ˫ָƮҷתԶȥ
ˣͯĽԼоͽиּį֮ϣɿԵ޼
һһͣ峿ʮֳһǳС
һ˭
ʡ
ƽڵһŴ̥
Ƚͯ˵꣬ѴϵĲ˵ˣ
Ͽȡ
ͯæһ
׵ͷѱչʮ꣬Ҳʮꡣ
ڵ޵ΪеУٲʮǰ֮޵дڡ
ΪԺһЩŴ̥ȣ
ûзֱѡŴ̥Խ
֪䣬룬˵һϢ峿ʮ֣˵Χ޵Ӱ
ȻǾޱȵĴϢħһǿѹХɱĶӣʵʹ죡
ХùŴ̥ȴסħһ߸ˣ³ɺܲҡ
˭󣬵һѹŴ̥ģħ񣿡
ȺȻ۲ѡ
׶㣬ɫƽĿ⿴Ϣ
һ·ϢصѰǧۻϻܽХ顣
ɺޣԱߣͯȻ
׵ǵһѹŴ̥ģڣȴһħ˷ͷһʱЩԽܡ
׺ȻɻǵҵĻ
ͯһ͵򣬵ͷǵã˵Ѱ˭Ե˶ϴܵĳ衣
׵ͷͰһټ
ͯʱһʶѴѰˣ
Ԭ̣һڳˣ
أһ
̧ȥͼǿڵһ꣬ýüĿڣǣȺ
ֻǣ˿üɱɢһɱϢ˻ʲôȴ˲ܲѰ
ʲô
أŤͷһаѩɨһۣ˶ɡ
ͯɫһʲôʱ˾͹˵ֱǲ֪
ֻǣȽͯڣ׾ջĿ⣬߰ɡ
˵ţתȥ
ͯһ㶣ţɻΪλס
գûȥʣֻǶ࿴ǽһۣμס˶Էģתȥ
Ҳߡ
СӣԺھ֮ǰӣ˾ˣעΪУȫԸκһ˿
һԳԱߣͳɣ
ΪΣü
ۼ֮أط֮в̫󡣡
Գ䣬ѵ֮뿪޷ǲ࣬ηս
üͷšɫ𲻶òŻָƽĿ⿴ԶϢ˵Ԭ̣ҲˣѰļһˣ
Գһһ˿пʥʱҾѲӲȴû뵽ھ۵;ӵȲ裬ȻǺη
ʱԬ̣һǳ֮أǿߵʥӣһʱͽĨΪλ


1125 ϼ֮
ԳСӣ˵ˣĴеɴԼãңֻǸһλˡ
һ㶣ΪҪô
ԳɫĪΪСӽһԵ
Ե
ΪˣЦƾ̣֮ˣҿɲôֻ֪࣬ҵĶչҪֻģ
Գһ̾ˣСܷӦһ£
˵
ѱԳȴΪء
ΪУ顣
Գɫ֣
ˣкܲʹ죬ɫգҧ˵УҽվʹӦԺ󱨳ʱԬ챣֤
Գüͷײ壬ǰԸ꣬ûٶ˵¡
һ££ʥ̳ͻή䣬ǧֲڹŻͬǸǰһЩ׼ˡ
ԳԬĽһ֪ʥ̳ǽ֮ͨڵ㣡

ӣ֮ǰΪҪ̣
ͯûסʳ
ǽ겻壬ȴһλʥ棬֣ϡ
״˻һͯһòҧסͷǼһ﾿Ǻηʥ߾һλʥڱ
Խ룬ͯԽ¡
ʥַ仰ɲ˵˵ģ
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ͯʶͷ
ɹЦֻ֪ʥַȴ֪ʥҲΪݽ֮ʱ
˵գٶԣƮҷӰ°ȻԶȥ
ͯһһһڹУʥҲ

īݡ
ѰͰ³һ¥ơ
ûãϸ糾͵س֣žƺһ˵û취ϵԾС椣ҷѾ˼Ŵڱչأ˵Ϊ֮׼
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ԭǺϣܹԾһжġ
Ѳܡ
߰ɣ֮󣬻Ļᡣϸ˵
ߣȥģ
³һ
ϸһЦȥһ֮ȫͨûǴ롮ȡԶ
죬Ѱһ뿪īݣϸţããɽӡǳ֮䣬Ǵ£һ·ϲͣЪ
һƬçԭʼɽС
ϸȻͷĹˣؾٶԽԽˣɽ֮˱ϹʱҪŨ
ѰͰ³Ҳͷ
ʱããɽɳĮ֮ϣһ·˸֡䡱
еĻԭϣͻȻѿ޴ĹԨйĺɫҹ
еɽϣױ磬ױһ٣Ǭ
һЩȫ񱩵˺ѣռبؼ䣬η
ͬʱɱٶҲڼӿ죬ѰǾۿԭһݲĿݽɽ壬ڶ̶һʱ䣬ͻޱȵϼƣľ賤ۿɼٶȻһɽ
һŻľ䡣
žһģпֲɱ¾
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ɽ޽Ϊ츣أΪɵɽš
ҩ䡢һıǱޱȵԴ
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Żе͸֣עҪƣϴơ
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ǰ߻˵úܿףһ仰ʱ¶Դ޵ð³ֱӷ˸ۣݺ
Ѱ˵ʲô͵һ
ڼԶطȺɽãã͵֣ȴһĴЩɽ嶼Ҫߴ
ڳ֮ɡ֦Ҷ֮ƣϼȼƵġ
ɽ壬ɶס
ģһϼľϹʱټ
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Թԣ
³ɴ۾
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Ѱͨ飬ӵ㣬ڼɱ䣬Լ
¡
ֻǣۼϼҪ񷣬Ȼ䣬һִƥ¡
췣
˲ѣϼش֦ѣ׻ٽǱȺɽߴɣýڣڽоһζ
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꣡
գϼɽʧܣɱһеΪ롣
ǣǶѵɣһήڣһ׽һȻޱȵ買⡣
һһ٣ת֮ϧͲһܶɽٳɹһλ
Ѱһ̾
ʲô춯֣׻ľڻһƴֵ
ϸ۾죬أವһ¾ͱ˹ȥ
ѰͰ³Ҳæϡ
һƬϿȣԭϼľ̸УֻϿѱ׽ٻٵؾǽڵĻ
ϼɺ֦ⶼ׽лҽֻһЩɢ֦Ҷɢڵء
Ѱǵִһ۾ͿصĻҽУȴһľӨӨ⣬ֻһ߳۴ϸ
ȴʺһȻޱȵ
һڽɻĴԴʥ˼ۺ찡
ϸĿˮһʶͨŽ䣬Ȼһ۾ֵܿԴ󵽿Ծ
ֻǣ͵׼֣ͱѰΰסСģ
ϸһ
ҲڴʱͼһʺɣٿȻ貵ԣϼתУһŮ
ݣЦٻ⣬һͷ˳Ļ쳤һ֦һƬ޴ĻҶ¶һط۾ӨСȺѩ׳㡣
ֻʮӣഺģѩ֬ļһƻϼü֮أһơ
λС磬ҪʲôС֣ǣգգˮĴ۾Цʵ


1126 
ĽҰ룬һϼ˺ɽٶ㹻ס
ڣһڻɻԴ׻ľҡһ䣬һŮ͸Ŀࡣ
ܹ죡
³͵شȣ߾η
ѰУ¶֮ɫŮģЦӯӯޱȵഺϢɺܲѰ
ڴʱϸɿһЦеλС㣬ɶĽҰģ±˹𣿡
һϮۣӿаȣ༫ѣѰŮӣֻѱԵ߻굹
ȴŮ鶯ҧԳЦСôΣȴҪңĪһЩߵ飿
ѩףЦдһɱջ
ϸɴ۾ôֱӣС𣿡
ŮС磬Īɫûɫ
ҡ
ϸת
ϲˡ
³죬ڡ

Ůס
ϸ޲³ҰˣæͣС㣬ɱᣬҶǺȤؿ֤¿ɼ
ŮһЦ峿ģˣҲ֪˼ôץסңҵĸԵԲԣ
ϸһ㶣ʶŮǰúŪģĴָС棬Σ
һĺᶼ޳𣿡ŮҲգȤؿϸ
ʲô޳ܣСɲ˵ϸɫһЩȣС˲ðܿ
Ҳ㣬ҵ⣬ɲ˭ܳܵġŮЦ˵
ಣ
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ԭղŵĳϼǶɽ٣ǽ׽֮˺˼ӳ
ɣ֮ǰǶˣഺŮʵһŲ֪µĹŴ̥
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㾿˭ҿɸϼ塣ϸüӲӵģڴ
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Ҳ汲£
ϸϵԽԽľϵɲŤĵƣӡϡ
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գѰǾܾóһͬС
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Ѱʱµüëһĺ𣿲ԣ壬ǴѪΪξһϢ
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ΣһϿ϶һľǾܹն֮ľ
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Щ޵߽һһСˣǶٸ޹⡣
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䣡
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ɲǼѣͻҽƮ˼ʬ¡
һȻģԹɽ֮䣬һͷ쳤Ʈһλ߳顣
Щ޵߽ԱɵֱðŮ˭Ϳֲ

ಣ
ۺС
ش䣬·;ƵƵշϹĶսõѰҲ˲ѡԺ۸·
ܾĺܶԣС椻͸ŹŹ֣ƽζˣճé®ĳʵܲ򵥣
ϣϸ򺱼ɫϼУͷһ˿԰쵽ʱ׽Ƴ͸ˡ
˶٣˵ؼǣӦһµʥͷܴ󣡡
³һΪ㱻Եˡ
ϸûûǰģ
ȴǺܲһ㡣ѰЩп
һμŴ̥Ρģǵȳȷ̫ˣҲܴ
ĹŴ̥жٸ
ֻ˭
ӹɣ϶ˣ

ѰǵִһƬս
˵񻹲սĺۼǷԫĿ꣬ϣżܹʬǺͲļк
ŭţػż׵˺գ²Ұ׵Ĺ⣬Ŀˡ
ûǴƬսǰ֮أǽһ̾ȣϹʱͱʥ֮أҶԽһɼ䷴УҲ֪ЩѻûС
ϸѰͰ³һ𣬳սȥƶԴ˵غϤ
Ѱһ𵱳߱ѪսʱѪŮҰ˵Ļ
鹭һµʥ죬Ѱٵ飬ô˹ָܡ
ҰжϣѰ鹭ܾͲУ
ϸȥȣѰʵ
ϸҡͷǿǽһĵ̣һϹʱԲбƣŲٺֲܿ϶˭ðȻǰ
䣬ԶУȻŹһֽɫڿƶ
ϸʱһôɣ˽ѻһļһ


1127 ֮
ںգƽɵ買⣬֮ưĴʱȳڵĻ棬նٻɽӶ
ԶԶһǡһִպƣ
¡
һЩ洹ϣض۵ǧٿףˡ
ڣܾӷɣ֮ڼΪ̫ĺᣬϹǿ֮һսֲ֮
Զһͷڣշɶݣת˲ʧԶ
ģЩѻû⣬һĺҲҪ֮򡣡
ϸɫ𲻶
֮Сǧ硱ÿһһÿһ򣬽һרŵͨ롣
ͨʥ̳
ҲζţӲͬʥ̳룬ͻִ֮ͬУ˴˷ɢ
ϸѡ·λƬսУһȣ޶ٵͳֲӦһΪȫ·
ڣϸЩȷˡ
ܾеĽһҲϽȻԽ֮Ҳػͬһ򣬳ͻעǲɱģ
֮֮һֻ֣Ҫ֮򣬺ξ棿
Ѱϸ
ϣԲ֮ܽ㹻ˣֻҪ֮ͬѰɲκˡ
սܴ󣬹ԽؾԽ谵Ͼս桢ϱڲԫ
ǰеĹУѰ½һЩˣػɣЩҲǰȴʥ̳ٵġ
𡪡
͵أһ˻𣬼ڹս쳹Ƭصա
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ѰǷŻǰвһ·⣬ʱƣ޵ӰҲԽԽࡣ
ǳȺӳû
ңԲͬͳĴˡ
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һ·ϣѼɰǧ޵ˡ
֪
ϸҲľϹʱɺȻµıǨѾ˺ܶ仯

𶯣һװıһѪɫݰĴ󴬣ѹƲ
˴ͨѪ죬˵ĵƣڱǰϹһűС
ÿһͷУצ󤣬ͨ죬죬ɽӡ
ʱն̤顣
βȸ绽꣬дİߣԶĺᡣ
Ѫɫ󴬣Ϲ֣ѹХǬǿֲѹƬսڡ
ϣһ߹ڹŷ˫ָʲһ֧̳ѣӰ°ӥǹˣӿؼ䣬âӲӣ̫Ŀ
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ۼѰǰȺϹ֣Ѫɫϵˣûͣµĺۼ
ϸͰ³ԴŭֻȴѰΰסܵһ࣬ÿ·
ƬңѪɫѹδͣװԶȥһɢ
ϡһЩЦͲмѰǣϷʵζ
ϸͰ³գɫܲղһ˷ǹģ֮ôطƫƫҪߺУ̫ˡ
ѰüһĨ⡣
ʲôаУ
ˣ
棬һˣˣλ־ѱ壬ǷذɣߴעԵ
ʱһ޹ǳӢ˲ĻҷӾڵһ䣬һ˿ӡ
һµҶɿǰУգۼԶ
һֻӥӹһͷŮӣִǰУó䵱ʯ׼ɣ֮£н֮Ļᣬ˿ԳעҪΪ·˽̤С
ϸͰ³ɫޱȣֻǱõ·ȴųı֣ջ
λǲΪ٣ղѪɫϣǹϵͳɽ޵ߣǱҺͰ衣
һɫ꿿ѣģǷһᡣ
濴Ѱģʱסʧħ񣿡
ȻϵѰ
һ뵽ԼղŻԲѵħҪ٣ֱð亹
æǸȻղҲ֪ѰӣЩѵĻҪ֡
ѰĻƽϣ˻֣ȥ
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ʱϸҧгݿڣһ˺ȳѻޱȣ½䣬ֱǻϽ̡ͣ
ǸСӣӥǣҲסˣģΪʯӷýѾӰǲڵϲɡ
³ǽڶž졣
Ѱ΢΢һЦ峺ûж˵ʲôҲûٵ飬ǰС

ǰսϣһΰޱȵľ޳ǣǧبǬ֮䣬ŲĲɣϢ
ʱ޵߻ۣͣǰԶʹ޳ǡ
˳ǺܹϣǽŰ߲ѪۣڹսУ޾ȴȻܵƻͻԵޱء
ֻʮﷶΧǽȴΡ֮ɽһͷԶ̾ǣƲʴ಻˻
֮ǣ
˶¶Ⱥ㽡
٣ǧʥ̳²ͬУΨͨʥ̳ܹ֮
νġ֮ǡʥ̳ٵĵص㣡
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޳ܣ˻ͬ޵ռһڵȺš
˺ܶ࣡
ȥ֮ǣ糱ˮ޵ӰΧ£ţ飬ɽ˺
٣ʥ̳ͻήٴ˳ǣʱ˳Ƿ֮Żᱻ򿪣޵߽Сϸѡ
Ѱͷ޷һĹսһصĹųǡ
Ҳ̫ˣ֮ڣ³ЩԾܡ
޳ܣ޵ڶ࣬ϸֱܷ֣ǽԳȺӣڲͬӪҲμ
ѰҲע⵽еľܶ࣬۰ԲͬȺۡ
һͷڰӲӵհҫۡ
һŮܣǸճһƬ˸ҿͶһҲûʲô
ͬʱɽ޵ҲڣһĿľ߹ڹŷбһ֧̳ѣӰ°ӡ
ѪɽճһŴ̥ʵĪ⣬ĳܹ֮ͨ
ۣǸ߹ڹŷӵݡ
ˣѰҲע⵽Ǳ޹ǳһͷҷ꣬ںһȺ˽̸
ע⵽ѰĿ⣬ҷҲ߿һۣĿζһĨƵĻȡ
أһ䴫һͷӥ
һͷ࣬ɫŮӣɫҲףϢǿһͲѰ
֮ǰ·ʱѰǾŮˣԷＥ˵ִǰУעҪΪʯ


1128 Ϊ
ӥʮɳͨ帲ӲӵۼףͶʱʯɽ
Χ˶˱ܲѣܵһֿɲѹȣɶɫ䡣
ɫŮӻ֣ļ£ѹһ޵ߵơ
ѰҲƬ򣬲δ˱ܡ
˭
ɣڵ黪Ӷʶ
黪ӣòλǰӲŴӳ߳һλ۽Ůɣ

ۣӥϵŮӵĿԶһĨη֮ɫ
ÿһŴ̥κ޵߲òɵĵ̡
ǰ黪ӣȻһˣڳ֮ȴ˸С

黪ƳѰһۣ˵Ҳ鷳ôǰʧ
⣬ȴ¶߸ϵζ
Ҫһ˰ռƬ򣿡ϸüŭŮ˿湻ŵġ
ǰռǲмΪ飬𣿡
黪Դƽ͸⡣
ʵʱԲʮ֮أѰǣû˸ҿ黪ӵ㡣
ڣֱӿڣҪѰǣָʹ̬ȣ˶ľѡ
ò˵ŮӺǿɢƣķ޵߶ܲסˡ
µӥҲѱȺۣʵ绡â˺գޱǿơ
Ƭ޵߽˵úԶΨѰǻڣĻţ˵ֱˡ
黪һӱñޱȣµӥ͵سͨɢĿâ̽צ˸ŷĺâݺץѰ
ӥã˺ѣ
ϸͰ³ŭɶѰţ綯ˣڣԷģ˳̲סˡ
ֻǣԭһѰȴȶˣ̽͵һץ
̫ˣɲǼ䣬߬סӥצúƾ޷ѣ
ţ
黪һ
ڴʱѰֱ۷͵ؽӥȥ
У黪Ӱһ򣬲㱻˦ɳȥʶӰһС
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𵴣ҿһӣӥҵòϵٶ˻һ۶ϡ
ģǱһ˹ȥ
ѪʣĿģѰǣ˿ƵĽͷʵݶ˳ȥ
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黪ܿһɫȴһӱÿ£ɢǵصɱҪɱ
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ߵһͷëѣҲַħⲻ
Զ޹ǳĻҷɫòȻ֮ǰӹѰǵĻ
ѪɫϣɽĴ˶û뵽ǰ·ϵ޵Уһħ
һӣüҲ˲ΪȻ
ΨΪ׵ѪɫģĮԶԡ
Ѱҵۣûж˲á
ʱ黪ڣɫģ˭ҵǷЩˣ
ϸŭǣ֮ǰ·ʱԴǿ̱ִ˵غҵȣƽϣ㷴űҪҪ
³ֱӣ۾ŵʵӥ磬ӥ⡣
֮ǰѰѡ̣ΪԸڽ֮ǰ̫ĿϾʱͷԲǺ£ᱻ˶ϡ
̲£ԷðʾΪǺˣ
⣿򵥣
Ѱָһ۵һжӥĲѪ˲Ȫˮ
ĲǸħһԲϣԷﶼɱˣһԵ

黪УŭƤ£ﱻնܴ衣
䣡
ֻǣ㶯֮ʣһ뷢ٿȻƾճ֣黪ǰС㣬ڽ֮ǰ˺˶֡
ϹеĿֲƣһ֣˶ɫ䡣
Ҳкܶ˲塣
ΪǸߣҲдڰб
Ʋɱҵ̣黪˪о˵ɱ
һֻëѣ;֮е컯ȣ㲻ʲô߻Ƶᡣ
һĻ֣һλ߼٣ʼգȴ黪֣ûһ˿ͷ˼
˽Ķڵϣ˭ԴСԸѰ˭͵õһôĺ
Ҫ֪λŮӶһɱϵͳȵͳòͷ飬񻹶ţ
ãҼסˣ
黪һĿ䣬ѰúϧǰʱɣȽ˾֮һúøһˣ
䣬ź⣬Ƭ綳ᣬ޵߶ֱð⡣
黪ת뿪Ƭ
ˣ֮ɲǰôģΪ֮
뷢԰׵ƳѰһۣɭȻ磬пܣ޲̻ɱѰգס
˴⣬ǲ룬ǲң
ȻɵĲѰѰλŮӡ
϶ھ֮֮ʱҪ㻹Ҳ˵󻰣ϸЦ
һתȥ
һ־ʹĻ
ɸѲ֮ǰǰԴѰǣ˸ٿƬ
ԭϳѰݺ󣬻в˶˼Ѱ̸ύһ¡
Ͼ֮²һжҲԱⷢһЩͻ
ɵĿѰ黪һĻЩ˽Ϩ˼
ħǿĳҲ٣ύҲҪҪеķյģ
һõѰڵƬˡ
ѰҲֵУԸϸͰ³ʼһͷӥ㽫俾˳ԡ
Ҳš
ˣԶһЩ޵߶ħҲ̫󣬲֪һ̼黪ӣ
˶黪Ȼͼһˮɢֲޱߵɱ
ѰȴƻȻ
ϸڴ⣬³Ѱ׼ϣ˷ֹȷܿͿʼ
黪ջĿ⣬ٿȥԼƲסԼֱɱȥ
ҲڴʱһǿȻ黪С㣬Ҽҹ롣
黪һ̧ۿ֮ǵ
һбһƽɵϡ



1129 ̫ӵ
ܿˣɫͣϱͿĨϣ˵ζһʱƮɢȫ
޵߶̿ˮģҲ̫ˣ
۵һԿʮɳܱأɴĿš
ѰϸͰ³ϯضԱסһֻӥ򣬳Եͣʱһƣա
˶ǽ֮ǰʮܣΪ֮Զ׼
ħǵãֱӿʼҰˣ
ڹųζƽ߰ѣӥԲζ
Ѱ
ϸͰ³һ̻ʣһߺݺݵͷ
޵ߵħθԽԽˣԳ˾磬һζļƣ
޵ߵﶼ޺ݣ˿̶ëаģһҪħԶһ㣡
һһӰݸߵָϯضѰѰҼ̫룬һ˰ɡ
ƽȴζɡ
ɫϳݸӣǽһһλǿߣں⡣
ںеġ̫ӡǽ֮ĳǰɣһľ
ǹŴ̥ȴǽһĻᣬѪ츳ݣսҲ졣
𣿡
Ѱ׽ſ⣬һʵͷҲû̧
ںɫһּظһ飬Ҽ̫룡
ûա
Ѱ붼;ܾˡ
ںһƸû뵽ѱ̫ӵţ˸Ҳᡣ
յǣʼգѰϯضֻų⣬Ȼûһľ
ȷ
ںһٸѰһǵĻᡣ
ϸ̲ס˸ۣûһȵģȻܾˣʲôȥʲô̫ӣûգ
⻰ͺܲˡ
ںڳ֮У޵ڶ࣬ȴȵĽһΪ
ڣȻεؾܾ룬̬Ȼ㣬޷ˡ
ߣˣϧȴգΪ֮
ںһݻתȥ
˽һĻĻ۵ףж࣬治µħ񣬹ݵǣͷǳ˿ɼ
ǿǽһɳʹߣɾ㱻ˣ

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ѰһͷΪǸҲҵһ⡣
˹ڣͷ˿Ө貣һҽɫٲ絶丫̰㣬Ƿһɱ˵
δɣҿɲܵǸһ࣬黪䵭ڣüһĨ⡣
Ȼ黪½֪ħսףǿȽ£ΪǳȵȡԵʱţ㶮ġ
黪һʶɴ˾٣ѰѰ
ЦЦѣҺòҲ˼ɣ
ɹЦֱɫȻҿýһ巢ģ֤ԹӲŵ顣
黪Ŷһÿɷ
ҲڴʱȻŵһ˵㣬Щʳָ󶯡
˳ȥ黪ɫʱޱȣݶҧ飬ɶħ񣬾İ￾ˣ
Ҳһ£һĨɫοŭСҴıȽ˾֮еǶԸӵĻᣡ
黪̹ǣҲԣһɱ˴ӣھʹӦ㡣
˼
ڴʱںҴҷأɫ̫ӣħʶôǵ̬Ҳ֮ӡ
֮ǰһĻĻ˵ˡ
黪ԣǲһĨЦĿ⿴ɣҪʲôϡ
ҲĬƬ̣ȷû뵽Լ룬ԷֱӾ;ܾˣ
ǲԼ
һĨײ⡣
΢΢һЦˣɣħӴһЩҲ⡣
ںкܲޣҪ˵ʲôȴĿһɨһ飬޾⣬ٲҶԡ
Ѱ½һɣִԵڴܷһ𣿡
أƬؼ䣬ʵǣȫ޵߽һ궯
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ֻ£Ҳֻħŵ˶Դˡ
ܶ޵߲ԣΪɶѰĿأⶼЩĽ͸п
Ե޹ʵ룬ͺûʲôɵŵ㣬һϵ٣ûһöϸѡ
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ѰҲڣңң˹ȥ
ʱһɫ٣ǵ̫Ӷ룬һڤ粻飬ûһľ
Ҳմָ㵹̸ϣֻƼݣǰ黪ﻯһᣬϾʥ̳ʱЩ˿ɶҪһУһܱȶһҪһЩ
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ɫȻһ˿ŭ΢΢ЦǾףǺ죡
黪һ
֪֮Ժ޷Ҳ˽ģν֮ԴӦγҲǴöԷ
˴ðˣ黪֪
ˣ
͵أؼ䣬ݺһޱȵҡ飬ƺ𵴡
ڳ޵߽Ӱһо¡
ͬǰδеĴ
ͬʱŻĴ硢ҲƵ𵴡


1130 ˣ
ˣ
һƵĲ
ʱֲڹŻĴ֮ĽӸԲɲֻĳǳءɽʯľ
ȫ촷ۣ
Ϊڴʱʧˣ
Ĵ֮ĸңʹƳĸ޴ޱȵ½ذ飬һ̺ݺݳײһ
ǵǣ硢顢صıԴײʱĿֲʥ˶Ϊ֮
ˣ
һ̣ڶʤ㡢ĴУ֪жλڱչеʥˣͣжС
Ҫˣ

ϵͳʥ֮ءŻÿһÿһһ̲һǵȴѾõĴһ𲢴棬ѤõʱͽڽĻ
һ̫ãֻϦ
۴˴ǴǰδУŲͬ
һ죬ˣ
ʥ֮أʥ֪̾ϲǱ
ʲôѤҲζżգֻʢһʱҫۣȴ֪ҽ٣
гŲ֪µϹŶȻдꡣ
עźʹѣ֮սѾԶˡ
дµʥԤС
ϹʱϮ֮սʥ꣬ϵͳսŻһΪģΪĽ磡
֮Բͬսȼʥ͡ϣ޷⣡
һ̣֪жɲϵͳ޵ľëȻеĪľΪǵһϢ
ŻӴ֣֮עڴ˴δбܣ˶𣬻Ѥл˿֪
һУԱ˿ɶϡ
壬˾ϣ
ڼСɰɣ
Ӳͬʥ˿˵첨Եͳ޵߶еһԼ¶


˭˿ɸһ𰸣
˽Ȼ˾֣޽⣡

Żڱ仯
ϵķӣڻ֣̿Ϊ˴ҡػΣǶľ
ÿ˶ӣڶܣȴ֪ӣܣΪǶڡ
ɽȺ޿񱼡ݾ˻
У˷沨
ͨˣ޵ߣˣ֤ʥˣһǰδеġ䡱ǰ޷
ȻʥˣһۿŻڷľ䡣
ʶҲû֪һУ֪жٵĴɽεض𣬳
֪жٵҩ䡢㣬ÿһ
֪жٵľ֡ڴ˿
Ҳ֪жٱû³еĹż桢֮䣡
Ż򣬶ھһ䡣
羪һֱ仯һֲ˼ٶţıԭеľ͸֡
쾭γˡҲڸıţһѤõķƽ

ˣ
սϿգ̺꣬
񷣬˹ѤõĲϼƬһɨ֮𽥱ʥ
ԭ桢ưܡࡢĹսϣһεĳʣȾء
ľڷɽһöɡ
ľ¡Ҷ̣žӨĹսӿݰиһֱ
һҶ֪
ս˾䣬֪ŻУھһɱ䣡
֮Ļˣ
֮ǰѰǣڳ޵ߣľ㤺ɫڴ˿̽Աü¶㽡
ܵؼһȻͬ峺Ȫˮϴһ飬ʡ
صĸ֪Դ򡢶Ե;ƿأƺúˣ
Ϊڷ仯
һԣ貵ġѤõģĳȵģ
٣벻컯ͻԵܹ̤ľ߾κһ޵߽޷ܵջ
ЩŴ̥¸֮ȣڽžѳ
һУΪһ
ˣ
Ѱ죬
뿪½Żν
һΪ
Ϊ֤
ѾüĿ
֤֮У
ѰǵãԼ뿪ǰ׵۹˵һ
ŻעҪΪǿ¹֮أҲؽһǰĶ֮У
ȥŻֻסһֱ㹻ˡ

֮һ󣬴Ϳ̤ۣ֮
Ҫ⼴ĻĴһ컯ƾģ޷֡
£нıֻ֮СҪסھԵǰƾǻͨ죬ıԾҲעᱻ÷顣
Ǵ
ľ֮ɱ䣬Ϊ֮֮׳֮ǿ棬ף޷ǽյ仯֮С
Ϊ𡢿ԶԿ١ʥ
ͬһֻҪᡣ
ǧţֶ֮ͬΣҪƿء
Ȼյ֪ʶ顢γһڵЩһ˽еС
򵥵ֻǶӵһֲ

ѰѾ̤־֮۵˵Щ֮У
ԺУԽֳһӵӰһϮ¡̤âЬһɰΡ
һλ²Ϊ֮ηǿ߸׳Ƴǿ
һλ¡ƿǬס۷壡
ҲһɲѰʶλжǿʮǰԤе٣Լ׻׻ѡ
˿ֹ̣Ѱߵİ³ϸҲ죬ػĿ뿴񷣬˼ɡ
ڳ޵ߣҲͬˣ
һҪǰҿصɴľϵı仯ʵ޷

һŻĶʮ֮á
ʮĴѳֺϹһֹŻϹʱķò;
ʮݾĳǳءããĽ⣬Բ˷츲صı仯
Ũ
ɽҲΪ֮Դ
쾭γˡҲвǰδеɱ䡣
񼫶̩
Ϲż֮ս󣬷ѿĹŻѳ̫̫ãڱ˽֮֮
ΪǰδеļѤã಻ţ
ʮֲڹŻͬǧ֮ءӭ޵ߡ
šܡ콾Ŵ̥Ӳͬӿǧ֮ء
ΪĻ֮ͽ٣
ΨеȺڽ֮أܹʥ̳Ӷ޵ľ֮

ӿ
µĿ⣬Ҳʼ۽һ֮ϣ



1131 ʥ̳
٣´䡣
ֲڹŻͬеǧ֮أܿΪ·ƻ֮أ
ϵͳ콾ţȺʥҵĵϵᡢһ뢣糱ˮ㣬ӿͬĽ֮ء
޵ߣڹע
һ죬עҪʷᣬѤ֮٣Ϊһ޷ĨȥӡΪμǡ
ڡ
ͨ콣ڣɫƽʡ
ֻ罣ü䣬ŷһĨǰδе֮ƿԴƲ񷡣
ʮĥһԵڴУ
ӽͯнӹžɵĽϻÿһ޽һϻ֣ޱȵرϡ
˽֪״Ӳ潣УĽ
죬׶һɽ
óˣ
һ죬㡢桢ҶĦڭնȸϵͳķųͬ£ǰͬĽ֮ء
һЩŴ̥ĳǧǰ콾ľʥŮѩһİͥ
Ҳչж
򽾡ŽţڴпʼۣڲͬĽ֮أΪ֮Ŀ
ͬʱжģʥ֮е
¡󡢵ز¡̡
ЩһֱĹڴٺҲڿʼ
ǵҪѰС
ʥأд˷Ը
ǵѰСŵĳǸ׽֮ˡ
Σϳ
棬һҪ컯ڶѰӡ
ƵĽ̸ڳ鱦ʥءͨ콣ڡڡ칷ȴС
ŮӹһˣʥΪУ̤Щϵͳܴ裬̣˭Ҳˣ
񣬾֮򼴽٣֮ϣԲܽ룬ҲͳѵĸѩܵĻᡣ
ңЩͳ˴μ֮ĴˣֹĿڶ࣬һйŴ̥
⣬ĵ̺͵ƣ

ڱ仯
սϿգһɨգտȻȻڷţؼͶʥࡣ
ʱƣ֮ǰ޵Ӱ糱ˮ㣬Բ֮û
ʱ䣬˵ѱԭȶ
ǵͳˣҲһЩ콾͹Ŵ̥
£ǽһɽԶԵúܿƣԸڴ˿ͻ
Ѱϸ򡢰³һͳڶУԵáƵ
Щͳʮˣɰǧ˵Ƶ϶ľﲢ࣬ɺ˾ġ
ãִƬ޵ߣ½ϤѰݣ俴٣Ҳû鷳
ԽԽˡ
ϸ̾ѾǴٵĵ죬Щֹز䣬ǰ֮ǵ޵Ҳǡ
Ԥ֮󣬾εȴ
³ں˯Ѱϥƶš
ϸһһûûΰ
ϢϢ
ԶһǿĴ޵ע
Щ죬ִ֮ǰ޵ߣ˽Ϣֻͨǿ
ʥƶϣ֮ڣʥ̳
䣡
ȫڡ
޵߶סˣ
ȴʱѰģǣÿʱÿ̶޵ڸõѹ
ͳƣڹŻǧ֮ǰ޵ĿѾͻǧˣ
һϢȫɫ΢䣬з
ôôˣ
˳Ծ
ܿ죬˸𰸡
Ż򣬱͹ޱȣֲݾͳǳأ޵Ŀڼƣ
֪ܼ֮򵥣֮£ԿԽ롣
Ҳζţ޵ߣǷһľʸ֮ģ
Ϊ˶ȡ컯ɾ;֮
޵ߣûôǽֻ֮ΪѰһЩԵ컯ˡ
һЩϵͳΪλɳôഫˣ
ܼ򵥣Ϊ˾ܵؾȡ֮е컯²ܳΪ߾ڣҲкܴϣΪ
ٲãҲѰٵһЩҩ䡣
һЩʵС֮ȻҲ˴㣬֪֮գΪͱǿĿܲеգ
һ֪˴ξ֮ʱ»жٷ޵߻һѷˡ
λ֪սǰĽ֮ǻõˣһЩֲڷĽ֮أ԰޵߻ۣǹģˣ
ǿҲпѡ
ԽԽпˣ
硣
ߣٶҲֻڻңֻѪʬ̾˵ĳ֮·
˰ȻԴ˲м
С֮Ҳֻƴ˵ϣãץס֮еһ߻ԵԾʹֱϣ
ϧϣ̫ãһ컯ǿҵġ
۲ݡ
ʥ̳ǰһЩҵøǡ
ϸĿ⿴ѰͰ³ѡ·ִǧеġɽ硯
ֻҪ룬ÿһ޵߽Իᱻֿ͵ɽĲͬ򡣡
ΪڵطͬһЩõĴŷʽòϣֵϣͱִɹųǡ
ɹųǣѰü
ԣǷɽ֮أֱǡÿһнһƵĹųǡ
˵⣬ϸѵʱǿҪСģ֮֮컯ͬҲգ
ѰͰ³ͷ
ȻҪҪһʱǰɹųǣʱҴȥһ˲õ컯֮ء
˵ϸĹӶľ
ͬʱڳ޵Ҳڰнš
һЩϵͳ޷֪Ծ֮˽⣬ϸ򣬴ʱҲڶ´˽ж

ʱƣŻǧ֮ǰ޵ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽѹ֡
䣡
һ죬սϣһʥ貵Ĺޱҫۺʥ࣬Ĳ
˶뽫Ŀ⿴˹ȥ򼤶ڣȴѾõʥ̳
Ҫˣ
ʥĹǵܻϹʱΣգһνˣʥࡣ
Ҫ˵־ǿߣڳһЩϹԼڰеʥˣ˿̶۾ȫעӡ
ߵĴԭΣ˿ȴֳܲ;
ƮӨ͸ؼ䣬˿̣˶ܵˡϢɫׯأĬĬᡣ
ϧǣ̫ߣܱ֪ʱȴʣ羵ˮ¡
¡
貵Ĺ֮ǣʱ䣬ӿֳ޾ĵ⣬ضȾʥ֮
ǵתǺƮҷٲкѤö飬֮Դ
գ޾ĵ۳һϵĵ̳
ͬʱǷ˲֪µĽ֮Ǵţڴ˿Ȼ



1132 ˼ķɽ
̳ܸߣоʮɣһΡ֮ɽͨԡǺƮҷʥС
ǣ°߲Ϣϡ
ϸȥʱȴԵúͨƽ档
ֻǣʥ˿̳ȴֲһһԭʼ֮ӡŵĹǶеѹֺĲ
䣡
ͬһʱ̣Żǧ֮أԷͬһĻʥ֮ⴹ䣬ʥ̳䡣
ʱ·ڡ
ʥ˶Ŀȣźǣһ컯Ե
ʥ̳֮ͨͨڵ㣬ֻ̤ϵ̳ͻᱻŲƵӦУ
ߣ
޵ӿĳˮʥ̳ӿȥ
һЩˣԸпѣһǰδеĴѤãǾ֮УעҪʷҵԣ
˭̤ܽͬ
Щ˶ܹɾ;֮
һУǾ֮ڽ𰸣

尡
ս޵߶ȿֺسʥ̳ȥ
Ź̥һ޷ԥչж
˭ҵ·
ǱߣһȺǿǰ壬Ӳʻ⣬ƿһ·
ɱһ̤ʥ̳
¡
ɽǱߣһȺϹֺ壬ײ·ϵ޵ߣҲһʱʥ̳
ǿƺͰԵȴᣬΪеڷ顣
Ϊ˵һʱ֮ЩϵͳĴ˿ɲ˭赲ǰͻᱻֱӺɣ
Ҳжɡ
Ѱ˵ţϸ򡢰³һ𣬼ںƵȺǰС
ˡ
ʥ̳ƵƵ˸⣬̤ϵ޵ƾŲƵģ˲ʧ

ҽȴԭһλϹﱻɣڱѪ㱻ɱ
ԭرΪѹƵ־Σһиãֹر٣˶
һЩϹԭҲɵĿһĻʱĶˣٲǰ
ȴ˲а
䣡
ضһһλʥ˳ˣã޾貵Ľɫԣ񷸩壬̳
ȻȻʥˣ޷ܾ֮ջΪ˽Уϧðһԡ
ֻǣļ£ɲǼѣλʥ˱һ壬ԡѪʹ̶ֻӡ
мһĻǿߣͷƤ飬ûڡ
ǿһλʥˣ
ʥ̳ǰȴԵòһת˲ͱˣֲ֮
ˣʥ˶Ϩ̽˼ʶǰδеĴ컯עѲܹ
ܻңе޵Ŀ̫࣬Էӵϣõʥ̳Եӵ
Ѱǵû̫谭³ǰһ㣬͵Ϣͱȵ;޵߷׷˱ܡ
ܿ죬³һȥϸҲ֮һʧ
ɾѰյִʥ̳һ˲䶸

һϸţëķâէ֣Ѱüġ
һƷâΣ̫ϸСٶޱȣѱ׽ַҵУ˼Բ
ѰȻһֻʩչ½壬ȥֹһ
ֻҪֹһ˲㹻ˣ
Ѱǣ˲һλǿߵİ½˿ȴͬ裬û𵽰ãͱһƷâƣüġ
Ѱȴˡ
ΪѲ깥
ն
ʶУϥС͵۾৵һնһεĽ⡣
һƷâʵһöϸĵɫ룬һܺͶر亱
޵ߣһĨԪ
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С̽һץЩƬУо׽һ͵ظŻɫѳԣ
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ͬʱԶһԾ˲ͱѰĿ
սΣͷ࣬ɫȻڵĹŴ̥黪
˿̣¶ݣš
ǵɫ룬һرֵɱˣΪ˱Ѱɲöá
ڣ˱ٲ˵Ѱ
ϣ
ʱѰѺԥ֣ӳٿȻն黪
Ůĳֱ̫ûн֮򣬾ѡ˵ؽ͵ϮԼһ벻ûҪԼ
ʶһѰûκα
黪һУԲвһӴܣʥ̳
޵̫࣬һʵˣȻˣѰֻУֻɫǱ֮
ǣץ㣡
黪ףɫͬŲʣҧЦҵ㡣
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д
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һЩҴææ޵߼ˣ׻㣬ض㣬򲻸ʴУᡣ
ߣƳܲסֱӺ
ֻһȴʧ˽֮Ļᣬ̫أЩ޵߽ԿҪ
޵֮·ˡ
ƴʧһν֮Ļᣬʵ򣬴ļһԸı˺͵;Ļˣ

ççȺɽľβ
Уӿųʪһԭʼϵķò
ǣȺɽǲľԳֳ֮ɫϼѤãȼŵѪ⡣
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ĹˣȺɽس죬һƬȼյ硣
ಣ
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ҲŨ̫࣬Ҷϵ¶飬ȻԣԳ¶ˣУ裬ҲΪͻͽı仯
ɽ֮䣬ع㣬һЩδţδġҩ̫ˣֱȻһأ
Ѱϸ۲졣
ʩչ֮ͫؾγɽӺ̲֮ص
ŲƵƬغѰδţҲûеʱ䣬չжȫ֪һУݺͶԱȡ
գòϣ֮򣬵ȷ̫ͳˣһ龻紫˵е֮Ȱ㡣
ؼĴɽǱصԶԶܹ⡣
Ժŵ˵һطֵ綴츣еЧ
⻹ֻѰ̽ѰעԷ벻ջ
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أԶһɽѰע⡣
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һ±ʯ϶ҡҷ˵Ļ黨ǻ使ޡʺ졢һȼյѪɫ¡


1133 껨
һҩ
һۣѰжϡ
ңݵǣһҩҪҩҪһЩ֦ҡҷʱƮһƳľϼһҹСٲӻ
ѰӰһͿȥ
ɽ´䣬±ϣһɣϣ̾ǡ
һʺµҩһҷУȡɢ㡣
Ѱ⾪̾˵̫ŨˣŨƵģһ£ȪаʣĿ
˹ȥֻӰȴǳһҩԶĳɫɡ
꣡
ҵ۶쳹һɾһʹĲҽУѸٻһӡ
Ӽ࣬ӡͼڣ޳˶һԡľ塱ǿߡ
±ڸԱһҩȡ޷ľѣ۷̫ˡ
ѰȻ
䣡
ȴԣֱӶ֣ӳһӲӵ齣ͷѰնȥ
һ𣬿ɲĽŭΣգѹȶ£ֲ֮
ֻǣѰҲһָһⱬ飬齣߰㱻ɡ
׻ڱѪ
ӶݣͱѰָһԭأɱ㣬һʱûˡ
ɫãҪ֪ʲô
Ǹˣ
ѰҲڣѵִΪβҩȥҪȺڴˣ
˵ˣͷŹңʡ
Ѱͷ
㿴
ָҷϵҩ
ϼ貣ҫ֮ϸһܷһſɳƵ͸ӣſҩҩľϼ
ѰһУЩԼĪʮֻϸСޱȣֱϼڣ޵ߵǱҩ׾ͺЩӣ
֮ǰ˷һҩɵֲߢʱȴؾĲҽУֻʱ䣬Ǽһͳױɵû¡
˵ʱɫһĨɵء
Ҳٳٲֵԭ
ֻǣǣ֪һУѰȴɫ糣仯
Ѱڵ֪ˣˡ
⣬㡭Ժ󱨸㣿
쵣ıʲôѰƳһۡ
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䣡
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ħ񣬽˷ɽ磬ǹ¼ҹһλŮҲܾ㣬һȰǵ͵һЩȽϺã֮֮ء
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㻹Ϊܹȡ컯ģΨҵԹϵͳĴˣ
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͵أǰһɱȻľʹȥһҩ죬һ׮СԵ
ͨ
ֻǣվͱѰһɳȥݺݵʮĵϣпѪֹ
˽ɵۣû뵽֮ͬ־ͱˣֵûС

ѰѾĥˣ´ͨ뺡
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ѰɹЦᣬĿ¿һҩ̲סһֹ̾Ҳ֪ãСһ̫á
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Ѱǳ鴤һ£СӻǺһ
һָһҩϲҾˡ
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ɼˣҲǿ֮
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СĿɨܣˣ֮УһнпܣҵļҲйھ֮ӡϧȴΨнܿ
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˵֮£Կɽ֮򣬵ھ֮ȴǿԳģ
Ѱ䲻κͬһ̤²Ǿ߾ҲԻв



1134 ͷ
½֮޵ߣǧ㡣
䶼޵ߣ˭κиΪʱ̣ͻڵ
֪ΨһЩ콾֮
ЩϵͳΪλôഫˣ
ԭܺò²⣬ЩУ޷ΪߣȴӵнΪʸ
Ԥ˶ãһġŸ߾ѹ֣
ʱܽȣ
ܣ֮ʮĻ˭иΪΣڣҲעпޱȡ
Ѱ֮ͬΪ
Ǿ߾ߵĵ;ͬҪעô׵顣

޵߶ԣ͵ڳ󾳣Ӱ֮ԶԽغδڳ;ϵĳɾ͸ߵ͡
Ѱ;ǰ֮·̤һԼĴŽʥ档
ңŮӵ˵Ժĳʥ֮·
һ߲ãԺɾעޡ
Ѱɽ磬֮ǰϸ򡢰³ϣѰ컯Ϊ׼

ಣ
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ɽǾ֮ǧ硱֮һһ޴С磬һ·ϣѰҲ޵ߣɫҴҡ
ȻץʱѰ컯ͻԵ
ԶһҵɱһȺ޵ɱɽʧɫһƬ財
һڹžɵʯʯв籡貵Ļϼתԣ侪ˡ
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ѰֻƳһۣԶԶܿǰС
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ΪԼ˶ɼʥ˺ͺڻġؼžʶŻᱻز¶ϣ
ǡŷӡ˭



1135 һͼı
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ʲôŷӣ֮ԼΪУѰɱ
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ҲζţΨнɹųǣЩ˲ܹһ𣬶չж
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廮֣ɽУҽһռݾƣλǰ֮У
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ΪʲôҪҹȥѰü
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Ѱ
Уɱơ
̫ԼΪеҲˣƫƫأȴ⻹ϸͰ³ϣѴѰۣ
ûãѰһͷʬ˴ָ뿪Ͽȡ


һ·޵ӰԽԽˣУѤöĿĶݹ硣
ͬ˴˵ĳͻɱҲԽԽƵ
֮ٲȻʵΪΪԵ컯˭᲻ֶΡ
ڳԺֹԶž
һЩΪС֮»ûԵ컯ֻҪϣҲֻܱȽעû
·ϣѰҲ˽⵽ƬУҩڶ࣬ߢҩҲϡ棬㹻죬һЩơ䣬һ̤ǲܣ
ɽ磬ͻ޵ߣ˴˼ҲнҪҩɲģԼһЩص
ĵص㣬ڷɹųǣ
֮˳Ǿһݵ㣬ɹ޵߽н
ˡ
ʱԶԶأѰƽϣһǳصبؼ䡣



1136 ô
ųΡ룬ռؼ㣬ǽֻ֮ɫֺޱȡ
ϸ˵Ϲʱ֮ʱÿһеĹųǾѾڣѾ׷ݡ
ÿһųǣݵ㣬֣֮ǳҲܿͻһ֮޵ߣڴ˽н
˵ǽʵǽԻȡ컯ͻԵ
Ͼÿ޵컯ͬ˭ܻõԼǵ컯
ȴڴ˳ǳнн
ৡ
Ѱҡһ䣬һòڵͨӣԶķɹųǿ
δִܿǹųԼǿϢƣơ
Ȼǿ߻ڳУɢǿϢ
ಡ
Ѱһʱ˷У޵Ӱڷɿسӿ
˵𣬾죬˳һöľԪʮע
·ϣۡ
죬д˵Ǵ˵
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ѰҲһԪ̺ŴԴ̷һţò򣬾ֱƿһִ
⡰ľԪ̺ıľ֮壬ֻҪ̷޵߱һľ֮
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ЦǣѰֱȥЩŶӵ޵߶ˣ׷׶ȳ⡣
󼱣Ҳں󷽽еѣӵĿɶûк³
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飡
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ԣһ⵹һͷĺð취ܱŶӸðͷ
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Ѱƺ⡣
˵꣬Ѿӡ
˻һЩŶӵ޵߽ʣ̾ϢѣԼôû뵽ôأ
Ҳסɴ۾ô



1137 ˼
ѰҲ΢΢һɫЩ
ʲôĹƷӥü
˶棬쳤ӣ㿴һѰġƷʲôɫ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣󷽷һؽӲӵצӣһƵģӲӵģצźâӿŻ档
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Ŷӵ޵߾ʧУ׷ܣֻӴܡ
ɹųǽֹɱģǹأ˭ҴؽС
Ѱڼ̤򣬸ڽһĵֱɱˣ̫ˡ
ֻҪܿһݲ磡
ɱˣ㻹ϽӣԶС
ΪҪӣ
Ѱڵָ߬ӥӲӲѣѡ
һ䣬𣿡
ѰеԨɢһ˵
ӥֻѣҪٰ㣬ʶص˵ͷ
ѰһѵѾ֣ϸͰ³
棬ǾǻϢ
ɲӥӻشǻֺޱȵĵѳʮӰŮȻˡ
ôĵӣҽһ£˱ȡ
ʱӥӾѣѣһͱѰŤˣֱӶ

ЩŮǽһĺᣬͬжǰμ⼶ۼƤףʱǱŭ
ˣôͽˣ
ѰɫȻֽؽеĽʬһζƷʳġ
ٶòɫѿɱǵˣʬ嶼Źֱɱ
֪ʲôط¶ԼС𣿡
ΪһΣֹסˣûеһʱ䶯֡
չ涨ɹųڽֹɱȻǾײôΪһڵͳ
ڣһȴһǰضɱˣҪôǷˣҪôǸƻأ
ֻңǶ
Ѱ˵ţָ⹴ճϸͰ³ĹĻٴѯʡ
ʱ˽ɫһ䣬еħ񣿡
ȻǶϸͰ³ʶһ˲Ͳ³Ѱݡ
Զѻ˲޵ߣͳǿߣϾֳĶ̫ˡ
ħʱ˶ɫ䣬ѡ
Ȼ֪ңǾӦΪζɹһ˵Ҳɱ䡣
Ѱ˵ʱģѻָ
Ȼ
ȫĿֻǣ޷ħΪθ޼ɵڳչɱͲ³ΪĹУ
ɫòҲû뵽Ѱһַʽֱ֣һ˾ɱˣ
Ѱ㣬ǽһɲ壬¸㣬Ҽ̫Ͼͽأɱɱƣ
һ߰ͷ­ɨѰ
ǽһĵ̣вٸ֣Ѱ
飡
ѰķӦٶȳϣû˵̽־ͽץ˹ƾžžž
Χ˶һÿٶȣ۾һѣһλһĶˣ
㡭걩ȣպף߶ȫ޷ѡ
ž
Ѱһ⣬죬ڱѪ
ڴ˹Уһǿ߶ѳ֣ȴȻ֣κιһѰţ뺣ɵ
Ҫɱ㣬ҽһ˭곹ץˣŭ
Ƚɫ棬תطѰƴ
ϧѰǰѾǺǿľǿ߸ûһƣ޷ѰĽ
һƨǾ֮򣬿ɲȣοԺ˵׼һһ⡣
Ѱһͳ顣
žžž
ܼĹĵ㣬˲ѣݰ䣬ðǣбͷ
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ֻǣݰ䣬©磬ﶼˡ
Ѱһ£ŷӦԷǡְɱ
ԱߣһȺһǿ߽п಻ǶѾˣǵڶûܴЧκιᱻûΡ
ıᱻɳȥ
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飡
Ѱִ̧꣬䵱ʡ
أ֪˵𣿡ѰɨЩΧԼĽǿߡ
İɣҵȾ֪ҲԲ㣡̫ӻһһʱ㣡
ЩǿҧгݣɫԹ
ۣ
ѰӰһǰת˲ѣͽ׵һӻɱ
˽Ծ֣еǷɹųǣôֻ⵽ѹ
䣡
ѰӰȻŷֲԣһɨ޾ת޼᲻ݵĴƣЩһǿ߽ԿѪˡ
ԶΧ۵Ⱥ۽ĲֱðħҲ̫ǿˣܵһ쭣Ե˼¡
Ϳɵˣû뵽Լһλѣȴһλ׺ޱȵĺˣ


1138 ϴٱ
ֵúܴƬ޵߶
ң޵ڴӲͬ
Ѱǣֵȵز̫ȴһֱ
ңЩǿߣֻȼ˶ֻ־ˮ׼
ԶԶ޷вѰ
ȥˣ
Ѱ磬ɨЩǿߡ
ħ̫Щɫߣȴ˸ҳΪʵ̫
Ѱ÷ϻǰʱѣͽЩǿȫѹ˵ɵһء
Ѱǵһ̽ʱԶ͵һ
ħ񣬳ڽֹɱڼ̤򣡡
һȺˣԴɽ˵ķΣ˵һ˫ް߰׵ꡣ
һæԶƬ
ȻħƻйɽȹϵͳķС
ѰȻתǷ͵ĻȣһûˣǷԼˣôһͷ
ɲǣǰ֮ǵ·ϣɽһ˺εȰ裬һ·ײͰ³ϸΪסߣ̤ǶУ
˵ˣֻںйھֹ֣ǿԸһڹĻᣬȻֻ³޵߶ȥ
޷߰׵俪ڣ¬һ콾Ѿá
˵ʱѾ߹ƺƵʮˣϢԼǿͲס
ؾǹأǾ۾ͷҲƻ
һһȺ޵߳ڣѰĿⲻơ
ڵĴˣ
Ⱥ궯ϳݣͷݸ꣬иһľ
Ǻ黪Ǵһɵģ
Ѱʡ
ɫһ黪ӣǿŵһŴ̥ȴǽŭ
ħȫ޵Ϊ𣿡

ѰЦ˭ǵĵӣҲҴȫ޵ߣҲ䣿֣ǵһԣ
˵ţתǵȥ
ˮʼոδ¶κһ˿⡣
ɽڵ޵ɫޱȣ޵ҧħ񣬼ֱ̫ˣ
Զ˶࣬ǰ֪ħʮ㣬ȴû뵽ز
ʲôˣ
ˣ
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ãΪ̫Ѽĵرڵڣ
أһſµĽǿ߼Уһڳȥ
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Զ޵߼һĻһ£ǼɵڽһҲ޲óȥѹһ
¾ħ⣬ǺҲУ
Ҫ֪Щ죬һֶͨοѼ˴ıƷһĺƷҩȫΪ̫׼֮
κ˵ĴѺۺ죡
ħҪˡ޵ֹ
ɽڵ޵߶ĶѣǷҪȥֹħġС
գǶס
ǵǽһĵ̣ðȻ룬ַһҲûʲô
ȥȴԴħ֣
һ̣ɽ¬ڵĸԺвԼͬظֳͬһ뷨

ڣ̻Ի͡
֮Ѱŷ֣һĴӪǿյģֻһЩһĽɫһֶûС
ɵȷǲڡ
Ѱжϡ
ֱȥ
һ·ϣʱнһӣɶѰּ̧ѹ޿ƥС
գѰһǰ
űӡƣǿƻܻܿƻڵı
ס֣
ħҪȥ𣡡
Щǿ߳˹Ծŭӣܻ
ͨͨһ죬Щ˸ճͱѰһѹ̱ڵأʹ
Ѱָһ꣬
רΪ̫׼ı˭ˣ˭͵ǻ
˶ĸоֱһجΣýһɹųУ˭ǣ
ɽǵ˵ű򣬲ҶԷϴǣ
ȥ˭ţ
ϣǶԻϣҾͻⱦ⣬Ȼȫˡ
Ѱڵ
Ӱͦ㣬ɫƽȴӿ⣬һεħ֮ѹȵֱ
ҡƺΪ̫һϲһֱͦͦ˹ȥ
װʣ
ѰһҲһˣ
Ѳ̧꣬һٶȥֱӾͰˡ
ףڳˡ
䣡
ܿ챻һŨҩ˳
ڶѻŸġ䱦Ŀ̸Ϻܶ࣬һĹ屦
һҲǣЩɶרŸλ̫׼ıƷԲˡ
Ѱһȥͷҩɢԣķ翣Ӳҫۣ⡣
⣬һӡͭУ򿪺¶һ֬ƿƿһɫķگӡԵޱء
㲻ܶһǿ߼УƵĳȻ֬ƿеıɺҪ
ѰһŽ߷ɣҲû֬ƿ·Žͭڣ
ߵı϶ܾˣ򣬲˲ܷ⡣
ѰеƷһ˵ѹεЩĶѪ
ЩɶǧѼ컯ȴˣ
ѰпϴٹȻռƸֶΣ򵥡ֱѰʲôԵ컯ֱϴٳоˡ
㲻ܴߣ̫֪עҪŭɱ䣬ʱ˭޷ŭ𣡡
Щǿ߶ˡ
˵ɣ˭ܸңѰʵ
һħɥ飬ȥ̫ӣ
ĺѿ
ڴʱ͵һıȡ
ħ㾹Ҵףֱǲ֪
汩ȣĵӲӵӰ
ڳЩ˶öĸоϲޱȡ
λλҶǽһҫսǿޱȣѹ۾ͷ

⡣
ڹս޵߶궯Ŀ˽һλɱһһǿĲ
ǽһľ۶λһ𷵻أħҪˣ
ɽڵ޵ǣ԰һ
ͬʱҲЩʧ䣬ԭǻ㣬Ѱϴ˽һĲƱҲڳԺڣѰҲϴˡ
ڿ϶вͨˡ
޵ҲڽŹעħǷѲѷɣ
̫һˣڸղžͲӦýһĵ̣ºˣֱӱ˸סˡ̾ǲѡ
ѰǺкøеģ˴١
ɽƬ̺ĿһĻˡ



1139 
Ŀ֮£ǽһĵУһεӰʩʩȻ˳
һϮ°Ȼо׳Ȼ֮
ħ
ȫͣ޷š
ղţнһλôħƮƮ߳ˣ
λھǿأ
ɽ¬ˡͳ˴ʱнӿ𲻺õԤУòᡭ
һ뵽ǵȽɫˣСȶֱѰĿⶼϾ
ѰûǣתҴȥ

ڳ˶֮ǰѰǿһ̣мɱΪƻ˷ɹųǵĹ
£˭ָ䲻ԣ
˭ָԳͷ
йŴ̥ͷѹסħ棬˭ֻԵ޹ʵȥħԹ
һЩǿΪأֻԼߵֶΣǿߣڹ֮ϣ
ȥ
һЩ޵߶Ŀ⿴ǽһ̾Ļֺ
ܲԽ룬ƾʶ̽ѰһЩġ
죡
ܿ죬޵߾Ͷ£ͷƤ飬һĻѪȳ
֮ǰλڳľǿߣλﳡУʬ嶼򱬣Ѫ졣
һ֪١
ڳУȱѰѹЩһǿһѣɶһճմģǱˡ
ûã˶֪һУȫ£̫׺ˣλǽһĺϣ̤߾ĿܣȫħɱˣʬУ
ħ񾿾жǿ
˻ǵһμѰ
ˣѹƽһĹŴ̥ХսɽУλǰé
̾
һսܿͬ籩ϯɹųǣȻ󲨣޵𾪡
Ÿս֮ʱ䣬ħʹӳйأɱ˽һĵ̣
Ե̫˼ţ
һսҲ춨Ѱħ޵߼ɵЩϵͳʼ衣

ɹų⣬Ѱȫٷɶݡ
Ͷ
ѰУһǿߣʱɫ࣬ѰĿ⾡Թ֮ɫ
ֻ·߾ͿˡѰɫ䵭
֮ǰڽһĵϣɱͻȻֵλѰŵǿߡ
˳ǽһһĺĺ֮һ̤֮ҫۡ
ͬʱҲǽ̫ɵĵɽ֮һ
ڷȡ
˳شĺʹ죬ΪħȥҲûʲô
ȣ
λѺܾ裬Ǻ󣬲ǰһ뿪ɹųǡϧѱ̫Ӷϣˡ
˳˵ʱϸͰ³ѾɹųǣȴΣգִӹųг
Ѷǣǳ׷
˶һСȡɽС
ж˶֣Ѱʡ
˳ɭȻЦֹ̫ܶܶ࣬ӣڵ黪ӡɽĹŴ̥Ѫ
˶٣ˣľһЩݽɫ
Ѱüкܲ⣬ϸͰ³޷ԴвԼͷΪҲҪϽ
ңδҲ̫ʦˡ
ǲˣħҲкµ飿
˳ЦűĿУϧѽȻȥˣҲעȲλѣֻǰ
ž
ѰһƳȥˣǰֱðǣѪ
ɼˣ˳ȴɴЦƣˣ϶ܰɣħҲн죿㣬˭ǽһȥģȫûк³ħ񣡡
⡣
ýһΪ˶Ըҵѣȴϧôˣ㲻öѰȻ
˳ߵߣ֪ʲô¸㣬̫ӸûʹڣλѾȻоյӽ˷ȣ
˻
ڲд컯ҲдգλȴܹȻ룬Ȼע⣡
˳˶ɣλУӦܹ컯֮صı˶ϲŽв
˵⣬һ̾ʵǿϧҲ֪˭©ôǿߵĿţĻһ컯϶ҽһУ
Ѱɫ𲻶
ˣΪһ컯ϸͰ³˱еģ
Ѱǵãڽ֮ǰϸԣȽɽ󣬻Ͱ³һȥһ컯֮ء
Ǵ컯֮ؾ˳еġȡ
Ȼ˴α׷ɱΪ˱ֻӽǷȣȴ룬ȴ˶ܵ죬Ϊ
ǲǸеΪѣңһ̫飬ֻҪ˳̫ӣΪ䰰ǰ˵׼ܱסλһ
˳Цúܵ⡣
飡
Ѱֱһƽ˹ȥ

ȣλһƬۻɽһȼյɽȣӿֻƺ
ɽȺأһȼյĻ𻨣ֻǼ޴䣬һͷ
ɽеʯľԳֳεĳɫԶԶһɽ緢棬Ƭ񷶼ա
ৣ
ѰӰ䡣
ĿɽʵǾߣ
˳ͷô㿼ûУʵͶ̫£עᱻûңҲ˶λѵνһ˫ãԴϲֶΪ
˵ȥɻӦ𣿡Ѱʡ
˳һЦܣ̫£ᣬᱻв
һãѰ
˳ɫһ䣬ʶʱˣˣָ˵صġ
꣡
û˵꣬ͱѰŤ˲ԪҲɴ۾޷źͽһС
Ѱֽ̧ʬս˴ָһԶķȥ
УεӰɢһѹиſҪѹƲסɱӿ
Ÿյִ֮죬ϸͰ³ΣգѰ̣
浱Ѱۣ
Ǿʹشˣ
߽ȣһ󣬲ʱҫ۵Ļʯϡľǻھ˵֡
ȣķΣܽ˺ʱʻ̿Ƶġ
ѲסѰ
ǰɽһᾹ͵Ļɽǧɸߣȼյ
ڻɽײһȻĶڡ
վס˵ѱֹ룡
Ѱ˳֣赲ڶڣɫԺ絶Ӱˡ
ˡѰ
˭
ǲʸֻ֪ÿС
Ѱһ˵ţһѳɽȥɫݶƽֻû֪ĵɱѿҪƲס
˵ضڶɼϸͰ³ǵĴ֮գ
Ѱ룬һѣҲԼʲôӡ


1140 

ۼѰ󲽶һ޵ɫһ̧һ
ৣ
ѩããڡ
ֻǣȿƥһʹϣ걬׷ɡ
ã
ͫһҪУپһɽХĿɲѹһϣѣɽѹͨһڵأѪ
ʼգѰ֣
ӰΣ磬ɫĿ£Ӳӵĵ⽫
ȽħǰУ
޵߼ˣɫһ䣬˻Ϯתͳɽڳȥ
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ֻǣǸתһͷѩױ󤰺գһβЩ˽ԺɣڿѪײұϣǱ顣
û֣
֪ϸͰ³ΣգѰѶɱ˳κ⣬ˡ
ɽڣǬУһؾУس죬ȼյĻ¯
һƹĻϼؼ䣬һ֮ȡ
Ѱ룬ͿԶһֺޱȵĹʺͣŹϼҫ۶
ڹǰͭһͷ¹һͷ׺ס
¹ףгϡ
ٿܣ˸λÿһλϣаյͭյ籡ϼ˷
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챬ڶ²˰㣬ȭɨеǿ߽ԱѿѪʮˣȫ
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ѰȴָȭƮƮҳ
һ赭дһ˿̻ϢǵʹײʱȭϣȻŷһɴݿΰ

Ŀֲײ쳹ֻƮƮһɫĴȴ͵Ƴܲסײ
һմꪵӰ׻õɳȥ
ϸȥǴꪵˣȻһɽĴˣڷüУ侫
ֻǣ˿ȴ¶ݣɫһһףԼѾõһնᱻ׵رƳ
ңǶܼʱͲ㱻ˣ
һħ񣬲̤ۼǿߡüɫ䡣
ѰûᣬĿʶ˲͸ȫ
ڲ󣬻ֺһСأݶĻԶǶһſŻӣһſŵǳ
һ޴ͭһÿһϣ׭Źϵͼл㡢ɽӡ롢ͼڡ
ͭǰϰС
ɼεֺ֮룬紫˵е칬Ƶģ
ʱڴǰʮӰռһԲͬлģʵģҲɫġ
ͬÿһƽԾޱȣͬһƵģǣֻɢƣϢ
һ۶ѣѰͿ˽һ̫ɡڵĹŴ̥黪ӡɽѪ
ˣһͷҷ޹ǳ꣬ԼһЩŮƽԲڳˡ
ħ񣬺Ǻǣ㾹еԼһǰЦúºͣâ
ˣûʲôϡġһ죬һͷϷЦһϮɫսۣ˫ָĮɨѰ
Ѱûᡣ
Ŀ⣬˿̿ط
ϸԡѪͷɢҡҡ׹ѾҪ֧Ųס
³۾ɽϸǰֻǣģҲܲңʯǿϣѪܵ˿ڣѪʣ»۳һƬѪ
һ˲Ѱ̣ÿһ缡ƺŭȼգ뵽˴ա
ȴû뵽Ƕ˳
һǰδеķŭӿţѰɫȴƽˣѳŭ
ģѰٲɾһغˡϸУֻ̫أһڣ;ҿǿƥգʹ鴤
磡³Ҳޱȣܲܰһæ
˵
Ѱһǿ԰סĵķŭֻǣ˫΢΢ЩǿҪƲסɱס
ǣ
³һһ٣ҧгݣ͸޾ĺޡ



1141 ɱ
ϸͰ³ߣ෴սǿž˵Ĵѷɫڵκξ۾ͷ
ڣȴشپ
Ѱһ۾ͿԼһЩ˺Բ롣
ΧǶ˵ģʮԲͬͳĶиɡ黪ѪȹŴ̥
˵ֵܹڣѾ֮ס
ǣ
ĸ֣صֺޱȵĵС
͸Ųʡŭ޾ĺ⣡
Ѱ룬ð³޳ɼ֮ǰĴεȱ
ã
Ѱ³һ֣һըװ㣬쳹ģһ޷Ƶɱ
ˮɢհ
˲䣬ɫ΢䣬УѰһˣӴԨ߳ħɢ˵
ǺǣΪһħ񣬾ǵ
һ뵣б齣ӿڣдһ˿Ϸʡ
Ѱȱ˵ݻ¾ҲˣΪұ֤һĻᡣ
һϮۣЦºͣԴ⡣
ɣôǰ½ͬ𣿡һϲӲӣɫӱ俪ڡ
½̣
ʥ֮еһصͳ̼ϡ
ƺǴ˽̵һŲڹŴ̥ս
˵ôʲôԵģ˭žɱ˭һͼڵŮ˵ᣬ
˵ħֻѿɺܲʧ
һͷ̷üӡƵ˵ҪλȿţҸλħһ棿
һ۾ͷǿ֮ǰսУչֳ˵ʵ
Ц³Ȼ𣬡ǲҪΧֻɫһһȺ
ͷ̷Ц°ܽҲ£ҲԶǶ֡
ڳʮԲͬǿ߽ԺԸ࿪ڣѰ
ѰûᣬϸӦ
ʱȷֻжʮ֣ûذС
ˣħһ
½̵ƺ츳ݣǿսѪսµа
ħ񣡡
ͼڵȶˣӰһһն˺ѣϢޱͬһХ
Ҫ𣬲żһһһǡѰӿļµĺâ
Ѳѹӿɱ
䣡
ѳſɲ⣬޾Ĵɱ
ƣ
֮ѧһձѣĿҫۡ
һΪ֮ǰսУδչ¶ǿڣڶԸħʱսȴȻͬȻ֮ǰʵ
ʵʮˣΪԲͬ˴˽Ĵɵ֮ǰΧ³ϸʱ˴˲ǣƣȫԸⱻ˳롣
⣬Ҳ˰³ϸϢĻᣬˣôǿΧ£˺ֵܹڡ
˵ʱʱ죬һѰ̧־һȭȭ֮嫺ݿࡣ
䣡
ƬղХȵײϯƬطû
ǣһͭ⣬ɬĽ⵽ƻ
򣬽һѹɽӡ
ɢȥѰԭأ˿
壬Ѫͳ߹ޱȵĿ죬˵ĸ죬Ӱĵ˳ɣһ۶΢΢Ѫָʳ
ħǲС˶һսĿãȴڳνгС⡣
ܺãĶɱŹ񫣬ҷϣҿɲм֣
ɻȴˣʱӲӣ⡣
ϣ
һ䵶˵ʱѱ
ϧ㻹ʸ赲ңע
Ѱޱͺܾãĵķߺ籬ĻɽҪй
¡
߼ɱһʮζײѰָ͵һһеսɡ
ң类ɽƣɳȥӣѪһȻɷޱȡ
λãݣѪģһ۶㱻ϵֻһ㣬˼䲱Ҫ
ʲô
˶ݣĿ˸
֮ǰǣԸѰΪͬȵĽɫʶɵ
ڣǽʶԾħսԶԤиǿ
㡣
͵أХͷ̷һ޸ս
ŭϯÿһձ飬һ޸ŴĿĵ⣬Ƽ֮ɲ
ɽʮغϣͱѰԸײˣпѪߵķƵģݺһͭϣǰֱðǡ
ɫһ䣬ѰĿ綢һ㡣
ڳÿˣƵ޵еĹǿĲ˼顣
ڣѰչֳ֮ǿǶһĸо
λҹζ࣬ǻһϰɣħ֮սҪɱͬЭС̫ɫء
֮ǰԣѰΪͣڣѲˡ
̫˵Ĳħɺܼ֣ǸΪս˵׼ᱻƣزǴԸġ
黪Ҳ䣬͸ԹûȴѰĳ衣
磬ðæ𣡡³УƲнǡ
ɣȥֻңñˣ
ϸҿţҧг˵ȳͷĻøˣ汻ſ£Ҳֻˣ
ɱ
УһӰìͷָѰһˡ
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³ϸǾͿθǵģ
Ѱһ¯ȼգ׷ˣ֮ŭսʥű䡭һаϤת
˴ΣѡõĴˣһûκαض
ǺǣԲѣ˵㣬κˣҲɣ
Ц
⵹Ǵ꣬һԣȻǹŴ̥ҲܵסôͬΧ
Ҫ֪пɲŴ̥;ھ֮⣬ΪһĽɫ
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䣡
սìӲѰսìһɨƺֱӱԼսìҷ˳ȥ
ɱ
Ѱǻɱͷߺ޻һ缤ľףѪȥ
ڷɫÿ£ȻһΧҲһ˿ɫչɱ



1142 ˼ն
䣡
˲䣬ѰεӰ绯һڴԨڳɬޱȵԼ䣬ǳ

⻹Ѱմ˵һստʼʩչңޱ
һΪ˴ζʮˣŴ̥ǿڡ
򣬰³ϸѰױߣĻѹɱͷߺ籬Ļɽй˼
ɱ
ǰħ
һҵΪУ֪
ƺȣ֮ǰѰһܣսìѰȥŭѡ
ৣ
Ӱ磬磬ӰٿȻ绯һɫ£ٳѰ
ǰ½̵ߴط쳣ֲ̫֮Խֱ顣
ҲҴ⣬ҪɱѰ

ϣɱѰģһӲӵԡ
б齣뵵ӳˡ
Ѱ磬󤲽ŲƣڷŲƣֱȭӲӵӲ
飡
ֲĽϣȭ޼᲻ݡ
΢䣬ǺεҳֿȭԿ񽣣Ͷ䣬޿ƥ֮У

̶ӽ貣ǿʢĽ⣬һٷϵѰһұۡ
˭룬һȴţ뺣û𣬱˵ϵѰ첲ȭԵֵס
䣡
һ̣ӾͱɣӰĵˣɫһһס
ͬʱƺһɱ
ɲȿѰȻֳŸӲɵġ١֣һ½塣
ʱһɫպƵƺ֮УӰɬ
飡
һ죬ƺѰȭɨУӰһαɣݺһͭϣǻѡ
ǿ
ɫһ䣬ɫء
ת˲ѣλǿ߾ͱǶ㲻š
Ҫ֪ӣƺɶ֮εĴڣ
λⲣԺسĸ󻼣
ɴȣȻ֣ȻӿһԽӲӵ糱Ļ棬ٻա
ͬʱ˶ȫ˷Ҵ⣬ʶԲ١
ħʵھ֮гǿ̬ͬ޵֮ˣǽľ
ڣѰֻҪ֣һԾģҲΨЩֲſԿ⡣
˭Ҳû֣
¡
ټĹڣҵսһʱ䣬Ѥãкϡ
ɲս磬գϯ˷
Ƿ磬ɵĻԲ롣

սУѰܵޱȵѹȴη塣
෴ԽսԽ£һڴԨУûǬɽ֮ƣǶ֮
Ĳ
һˣʮλԿͬͷĴڣи͹̥ʤΣԾףȥ𶯡
ɱ
һɫеӳӶһͭ
ֻǲȿͱһַ֣һͭͬӵ嶼ѹýǷڵء
ѰһеһƬӲӵĻֶǵأ֮նٻ
̫
һյ츳طŴ˵𣬾ϹһմȾһ˿˲ͻ𣬻ҽ֮Եʹ
Զ³ϸɫ䣬һ̫ͻȻѰִΧ֮Уܵס
Ѱ΢Уţתǿպڶ㣬նŤ
¡¡
ڴĿע£̫Ѱ֣ڵ򶼱û
ֻǣ˸ˣͼǰԵޱȵ̫ƵģѰû丵βʣ
ôܣ
˵ɴ۾
̫֮ɲ½֪ڶûüˣ
飡
ͬʱѰһַŻӡһԶɱȥ
֣ɱȣһԽɫܣ𶯣û
ֻҪ̫κζֶñâӲɽȴ˾׻ˣ
Ѱ׷ᣬȽɣ˴֮ˣǴѰ֮ǡ
ֻǣڰ;˵ĹɱȵѰò׷ɱɡ
ѰǿΣΧ£¾ǺҲܰԶ黪Ц
ʮλֻҪЭͲܸѰκθƵĻᣡ
𣿡
ѰˣӲӣȼյغ¯͵ǰһڹһȭ黪ɱȥ
䣡
һȭ춯أ֮֮ն类ûˣ˺ѿɲķ϶
黪УһȭһԨĴţҪ塢ꡢȫûȥ
ã
䣬͵ش߷ȫϧطһھѪȼձԴȫӲ
ɲײԨ֣ûһ֮˶ͷƤ顣
ۼ黪ӰҪ̽ȥգһļУ͵رӿɲԣ֮յƿһӰĵӹһ١
ò˰һҲ˾㤣ѰһȭڹͳĿֲ
ֲ̫ˣ
һȭ˶Կ˼
ʱ黪ܵĪ̼ͷɢ˻ЦѰ˵ˣǿҲܡ
Ȼֹ
Ϊڵһ˲һӨѩĶӳһն
һնֻһ֡
죡
˼Ŀ죬ʱͿռļƾŲƣϢһš
黪ʺһѪۡ
̫죬һѪ۳ʱ黪أ˻Ц˵ֱ˵ܡ֣
ɴ˫͵سȥ
ֻǣָ⸦һһ˲ͷ­ٿȻ䣬ѪȪӿա
һĻ̫Ͳ˼飬һλڵĹŴ̥ն㿪һɱ٣ΪΣΪ
˭룬ѱնף
ע⵽һĻǿߣ۾޲Ȼһкݺ𵴣Щ
黪ӣڵĽһλĸȴӦʹ˱ն
ֻʣȻһ޷ݵĴ־壬ͫɴĿ
˶ͷƤ飬ѽܡ
ʮλ۶Χɱħȴ澳Ϯڴ˿ͻأɱһˣεȿ£
һλŴ̥ҪɾߵģһϵͳĽ
һʧɲֹһǰ򵥣ԱĴɳޱȵĴ
ԭѰԸ黪ʱ䱳ԺʩչطȻ֣еһ޸׼Ѱ
ɾ͵׼ʱ黪ͷ­׹һĻʱһг
飡
ҲͬʱѰһֻ޸ݺײ˹ȥ
ɽƣɳݺڼԶĹǽϡ
䣡
ǽڶһ£ɼһײ֮Ѫÿһ缡˺Ѱľʹ̲סʹС



1143 ܾȵĹŴ̥
ĲҽУ˽Դѡ
ٸˣ
УһӰֳһѪɫһ˺գޱߡ
Ƭ򶼱֣Ϣ
һӣɫҰףݿ£һԾѪڵš
ɱ
Ҳʶأԥ
ңܵ黪Ĵ̼ǼʩչɱﵣƱ¶ѰͷŴжԴ
һ˲䣬ѤöĿÿһǿ߽һɽſֲƣ˴˻ӳô˵صǹ͵
֮ǰɱǳ˽⵽ѰսǿᣬȫǵԤ
黪ᵽΣգܵв
ԭǽ޿֣ΪѰֻһˣȻǿҲעЩ˵Ķ֣ؿԽնɱ
ڣѰչ¶ĿֲսȴȻϾ
һУδӰѰ˿Լſն黪ͣȴܱ͵ϮӰ
һģжС
ৣ
һĨâ˲է֡
Ŀ꣬ɣ
Ᵽ
ɫĴ򣬺¡һ޾ɫܣܻһ𽣡
һ̫۶ɵ񽣣
飡
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ٿɣնһѪۣһ亹֮ǰǶܼʱҲ黪ĺ󳾣
֤¾ǵԵɱҲܲѰĶ֣
ҿ
һüһֻĿӱȣĿٿȻûһƬĹƻãɹƵġ
ǡ֮ͫ
һѪУһżµĻ޵ߵꡣ
˷һʩչͬһξ԰ѶֵУӶʧҡ
ϧһȴѰá
նѰʶСԴ˺˫һץһ֮ն
꣡
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ҽУܵд뵽һѣǵûܴЧٵǿ츳ش
ۣ
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ڶ֣
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λٲ˽ǿɶΣˣɫ࣬ŭѣû֮ǰӺݶķȡ
ΪΣյĴƣ
˲ڣһӰصӣ˿ɫ䣬һŵģ
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Ϊ۶ÿһױȵĵ̺ͽʮ˶Ըһħ񣬶Ѿ棬ʱ޷ѹƣǽԱŭе衣
棬ƴľһߵͣ
˭ҲԼˡ
޷ɱѰһܼһ޷ϴ̵۵㣬ԺС
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УĻɬľףԶħо
츳һɶɽӣ
ѰΧ޷ۼҪͼҲ͵طһХ
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ѰֳƺȻͬɢ֮ա
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ۿɼɫţһ𣬾С׼ף¡¡ѹɢ
䣡
ɫţʱ֮Ѫɽ񱻷籩ϯһҷɳȥ
۽ϣشֱӿ°ĭ˹ȥ
һƵУ

ֻǣѰͻȻ䣬ը飬ӿֳһɫſѪڰ㡣
Ѱоյرܿȴһɱѹȣһģұһա
һѪ۳֡
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⾪ޱȵһĻϸͰ³һľ
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з⣬渡ֳضĵͼõð㣬նɱȥ
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ۼѰɫ䣬ޱȣŭ¡
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ӷһޱȵĲҽУ춯أֱͦͦغȻأе
λǿ߽͵Ϯô˻ѹѰ
˭룬Ѱͨ巢⣬߷£һû˻ĵĴԨȻ
һйڴӳĵѰ򷨲֣
ۣۣۣ
ô˻ᣬеתɱ֣ܵÿ죬ҲעҪ١
һĻģһ˲ѣӱ͵ϮѰ͵ʴףնɱ
һж̫ˣͼɺ̵ѪˮŨصѪϢ
ףһ£
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Ѱʯͨħ˱׻ܵһĻĻԭͶҡĶ־ױ
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ɳܣ
ˣ
ǿ߼ˣ־ŭ
˵ʵʯͨһλŴ̥ŵĶʱѰҲЩ⡣
ֻǣʯͨ׶ԱʱȴѰӹһĨ޷ݵų⡣
ҲսߵֻͣһӣʲôʸԼȣ
ҲڴʱѰ͵ע⵽ɺǿߣǳô˻ᣬϸͰ³ɱȥ

Ѱб˵â


1144 תɱ
䣡
ըѣѰӰԨٶȿ쵽˼£ɵɱȥ
ۿԿ֮أ类û𡢳٣лųʢĵ⡣
;ǿ߽һ⣬Ա˲Ӱķɳȥ
˾ţ
ԶѰһ
߰˸ǿһϿ졢׼֮裬һɱ³һɱϸ
Σգ
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ΣޱȵĹͷѰó侲һǻĺȫɱ
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вޱȵһš
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ѰŽһ˿С
ɼˣһնҲĿǰǿһ
ʱһն˹ɱ³Щǿߡ
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ΧϸǿߣˣȻϸȥѰϡ
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ǰ½̴ƺһΪԻϸͷ­ȴһ˿ء
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ģ
پޣϸ򷢳˻һư¡
̫ˣһ䵲ס޸ɱȴô͵شһѪɫûҰ
֮ⷴȴԱȸղŸٶȣѰǱ߳ȥ

ֻǣϸǣһսŷĿĽâ˹
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ϸ̴޸ˣٵʱսϮɱһ˲䡣
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Ѱִ㣬ȫתڱ󤲽ϣٶ͵һء
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ѰǽӲӵսţ˺ѿһĿĵ˺ۣƤ׹֡
⻹ֵ򣬽һԽ룡
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䣡
Ѱһƺݺսϣһ౩ˣ֮յرܿһɱ١
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ͬʱ³Ǳͬоա
֮ǰѰ޳նɱһ˲䣬ͺڰ³ǰɵ˵Ĺ⡣
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һ˿أһֽǾĶǣ
֮䣬дֲ
֮ǰһĻĻγˣ

⡣
Ѱ˲䱬ĳǶеļº͵
ɺܿ죬ǶЦˣеǰδеɡ
ԭڣ֮ǰѰǿ󣬿ڣѾش
ǰѪܵĵ˴ĿģƤ׹֣أԳѪ
ңһԻɼش
֪ˣҵȾȶԸзˡ
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УѰͰ³ֱˣϸһߣѶע
ղǴ⣬ΪԽɱֻ˭û뵽ħһ˻ǿҶò
½̵ƺޱ˵ѰĿȴǺεɱ⡣
Σħ嵨ΪɺֵͣλҽһúõһԺȻΪһĹūͣΪҵЧȮ֮͡
Ȼһ߸ϣȲʤȯ̬
ܺε˵ǣ͸һֿܡһ⡢һݵͱĿС
ʵǣ֮ǰѰ̫ǿƣǾŭƵƵܣ߷ߡ
ۼѰƽȻ˵ĳ͵⡣
˵ʱжɲ볯Ѱǳȥ
Ϊ˭䲡Ҫĵħ֣һϢĻᣬܻʣ
䣡
˿̣һӰȿֺ󣬽Ժ޲õһɱѰΪ׸Ķ
жѰͬҲж
Ͱ³һ𣬿ٳ˱ܣһأֻ̬֮ܶܵǰǿơ
ֻǣ˭Ҳûע⵽ѰĺʼնԵø侲ȻܵˣҲһ˿
䣡
ֹѤõ磬
Ѱһֱˡ
֮ݶ񷣬ֻÿһͭߴУС֮ϡ
ҲҿˣҲŸѰŲܵĻᡣ
ѰС㡭ԼӰɣɲ롭Ϊ㡭׸
ϸޱȡ
Ƶ󸣬ѣѪۡ
磬ϸ˵ĶԣӰɣƴҲɱһѪ·ֻҪǵãԺ𣬸ЩӼһˣ
³һĺ;ȻҰǰڣܲŵɴ˿̣ȴԵǰȻԴеζ˶ݡ
Ѱǳһ£й̷ȣȴЦûôףȫøһɱУ
㡭ɶˣϸƺֻܼǣû˵꣬;ͱһӨѩӵס
ϸһ;һɴȵĻӿʺ
ͬʱ³Ҳһӡ
ɴ۾ܲ⣬ʲôʱˣ绹˵ˣӶǵ죬ǡţ
ʱ³Ҳһȵӿȫ
̺ġԪҺ
ܵˣֻԪҺʱڻָ۷״̬һһ
ȹ屦ǵλŮɱϺ칷壬Ӳǿ⳥
û֪Ѱ֮ĵһʱ䣬̷Һ
䣡
ڴ˹УǵĹɱѽƶƼ֮ͣиϾɱ֮ơ
֮ˣһΪ˱ܻɱѰȥҲһ˽Ծҫս
ħ㻹ʱ
أ½̵ƺһɫɭȻдſܺͲ̡
ͬʱѰٿȻ㣬ٺˣͷ­΢̧һɱƺϡ


1145 նȺ
ϣ
Юսìӿһ̣죬ɱ졣
֮ǰλ½̴ҲôУ̴ϸļ򣬲һͽϸͷ­顣
ʱ編ƣ͸Ѱͷ­
ֻǣһڱƽѰü֮ʱȴٿȻֹס޷ǰһ˿
ţ
ƺȻһԭڴǵһĨܺͲ̣Ҳһ˲̡
սìѱһֻ޳Ĵ߬ס
ңսì̻ɱϤ⣡
ã
ƺкݺһ͵ط˷ƽսìɱüġ
䣡
ѰѶ֣߬סսìķһȰŷ
һ̣ƺĻ˺ѣԶţѹһɳȥ
ۣ
ͬʱѰһսìһִ㣬ƺŶһڴСѪ

Ѫ䣬ƺУǵһɴʱڹԵĳ£ȴݺݵɳȥ
һڵһ
⡭
ã
ɵ˽ɫ䣬ԺеĿȺͿˣ㲻֮۾
ƺ½̵ľ㱻ɱˣ
˿ڡ
أУԾ֣Ѱϵһɲ˺ۣ֪ʱֺϣ˲Ѫգһ˿˵ĺۼ

Ҳһ󷭹
֮ǰѰش㱻ƶǣűлɳˣһޱȣȿֺҪɱѰԴϴ̳裬б
룬ŶãԷƾָˣ
Ϣ֮ǰǿˣ
ĲѰƻԡѪɢƣǱȸղŻҪ˺ǿʢ
ʣһ
䣡
Ѱϻɱƺ֮һϯصķ籩Ӳӵģӿ
ȭŷ羪Ԩ
һǿ߸ձƺ̼е⧲ֱȭ֣̲סУ߾ȫֿ
飡
屬飬ƴУѰ⺳춯صһȭҲֽ㣬ɱ
һȭɴ䣬Եޱߣ
춯֣
˾УԤеƲԡ
ʾڳɶͬеľûһߣѺȻ
ֻǣأԲڣħָ죿
¡
ս
ȲεĽɼɲ˵Ĵײһս
ֻǣѾת
֮ǰˣΪҪȰ³ϸ
ڣ̷ԪҺټϲľ޸Ѱָ۷״̬
һӷߺ޵ѰڴʱԲκˡ
ױ
飡
׷Уһ̶ޱȵĺ
һޱȵ˻쳹
ɱңҲ
ǺѰȭýǶѣѪĿࡣ
ƾ㣬ʯ٣
ͬʱѰɱ
δ£ҰУȾѪѰӿɲĴԨϢ͵һ̤գҲͬʱ
ۣ
ǿһƹ⣬𣬻ûޣһͷ­
ͷ­ɵúܸߣϴž֡ʡȻš
ĿУѰһ޿ƥеɱǰǿơʹݡ
ͨ
ͷʬ׹أѪѡ
һλŴ̥ն
һĻٴδʹ˵񾭣ɫԱѿޱȣľɡ
֮ǰǣ޲õһɱѰԴϴĵĳͺ⡣
ڣԻָ۷״̬ѰȴֻеĲ𺧺Ͳ⡣
޷󣬾ͻأ˲ңת̫ˣ
û˸Ҵ⣬ȫƴ˿̵Ѱоһͷˮޣ͸в
ȻһˣݺΧУȴѹƣһڿ񱩵ĴԨŲƣû˻ģ֮ƣȫӨӨӲӣһ𲻿ƥеħԵ
ǵǿ̬˶ĺ
ۣ
ܿ죬Ѱץסᣬϣ͵ײһӻС
ꡭܼǻӵÿһ缶ڃȸ;ȫըҽС
徹ӲըѪٷɽ
ಣ
֮ǰɺѳ³ԴʼʩǣѰ
ֻǣѰȴûٳĴ㡣
³Ҳͬûжܣļһ˿һЦ͵طһĴ𡪡
ӸȺ˵
䣡
ʯļϣֳһͷͷӰѹӳֳǿޱߵѪ
һ޹ɨնңХֱҪ˺ѶĤ
һһ⧲ӲҷɳȥɳƵģǧͭϣ˶Ƕͭϡ
ãҲָսɫһеЩˡ
ߣ
ֱӣԥͳˣȥ
Ѱǿޱȣڸ֮ǰչֳսڸлָ˭ѹƣ
³ͬǿˣѰ֮ǰͱΧɱˡ
ڣ³Ҳ׻ָսѰ绢Ҳصתûսȥ
ߣʹүү𣡣
أϸҲˣӲӵģһ𣬾ͳ޾ɱ⡣
֮ǰѰȣһغڽԪҺİ׻ָĿܻᱣ
ֱӾͱˣ
¡¡
Уսˣײڡ
ֻǣƵȷ֮ǰȫͬ
Ѱϸ򡢰³֣磬һǿгɱһչֳ̬ս
ѰõǿɱƳС
ϸͰ³ҲѷɫǰһᣬʵĹŴ̥˸ŵľѧ¹
³ƺϹսһйأյۼߵʥ֮·֮ǿ󿰳Ʊ̬
һֱݿ࣬ȫ֮ǰһˡ
ۣ
Ƭ̼䣬߰˸ǿöܲңǰǣһţɰһ
һжɢΪС
ٿУӿսڣжʮǿߣԲͬĵͳܹ𹬵֪ǵĲ
ɴʱлվŵѽʣ°ˣ
Ҳ˵һǿߣ˿ҪôȥҪôɥʧս˴
˿̣Ҳתӡ
ǿҲѱ˵ӣҲԥˡ
ԭһħ񣬾Ѿ㹻ˣֶ֣ûսȥ
ߣ
ѰȣУϸ򡢰³һֱӾ׷ȥ
ۣ
ֳѪɫӱΪ롣
ͬʱ³ϸɱһǿߡ
ֱ׷ɱǹǰɺǿ߾ǣǽյĹţ޷򿪣
ƾι򣬶޷˿

ô
ŭ˻ǶҪˣĿѡ
ԴҲû뵽صĹһֻܽܳĸ֣
ԶѰϸͰ³Ѿɱˡ



1146 ʥ
ڣʬأѪˮĿ
أ˵ɱŨǺǵѪϢ
ѪܵһĻĻһŨīزʵ
Ѱϸ򡢰³ˣеɱ񣬹ЮѪȺɱ˵
Ϊʲô⾿ʲôط
ɺλǿأڷŭ˻𣬿ǹŽգ޷˿
Ƿɽ컯֮أƺһλԳơɡйأӦøеҲŶԡ
ϸЦģһԽͫȴǱޱȡ
ɲ֮ǰһߵ
ɣ
˭˸ԡɡԳƣ
ɫãĶڲڡ
ѰͰ³΢΢һɣ
ƺɺܰԵĵ
λԣԸó㹻ĲŹҵһΣ
һŵɫӡһڡ
ľеһλ
ܣ
ϸȻܾ
֪Ľϸն̬ȣɵһ
ˣǾưɣ
ľ͵һ֮Уֳһٱ֯ɵĵ
һ֣һĻٵʥϢУʥ뵣У
ʥ
ѰͰ³һ
ϸȴЦˣǷĪĻȣǰʱĳûи㣬ʥھ֮򣿡
˫ָܴݣǻٵоһ˿ʹϧ̾Ϣ
֮ʥ棡
һɡ
ڳǿߣԸͳǰʱĿû˵һ߰ġɡ
Ҫˣƴһƴθģ
ľǿɫȻ
ƴɡ
ϸԴ⣬һ˿
ĿľǿһӾܲˣȣһ¡
Уƴ󶦵ĻٵȻŹ
䣡
ʥڣһȴҪ顣
Ƿ׷˱ܣɫ𲻶
Զϸ̩ȻֻǴдѰͰ³֮ʥ棬Ⲣһ黰ʥϢйصĶʱԻĨϹʱɷֹһΡ
˵ʱľǿѳٵŷһʥӳĵɫҲԹ
ȻҲ֪ʥɣѾͶʥսȴڡ
ʱ;ĩ·ϣʥϣдڽҡ
һԻɱأ
Ƽ˻ǽοˣ
䣡
ֻǣʺܿͷˡ
һʥһ֣չʥһεȻӿ֡
һ˲˺һϣкȻйĤݵĳ嶯
ԭڣȹߺϣǰδеĿֲͷ·

һʥϨ
ľǿɫ䣬˻ȫ߶ٵ
ֻǣһھĿע£һͨܵʥֽ㣬Ϣ顣
ʥꡣ
գһֻδһĨһƬʥ궼˲٣
ûо춯صļҽ棬ҲûκĿܡ
һεǰһʥ㱻Ĩˣ
˻ֱð⣬׹ߡ
Ǻε϶ɲһ
ǿʥ
ĨһɶһϢͺۼ£

ľǿ߷˺ѷΰĴ׻һʥ٣ܲסȴ͵ؿȳѪգҡҡ׹
ʥ
ǼֱѰ
ĳ˱֮򣬱Ȼ㣬ֻԴ˱ռһЩĺͻԵֻǳ䵱﷨ãɺȻ޴ʥٵˣ
ϸҲһʹģϳǻٵۼʥ٣Ҳһϧ
ۣ
ľǿߴڿѪɫ񶼰޹⡣
֪ˣΪβҺʹ磿³ŭ
ϸûڽ֮ǰҿɶѾ߹ǣΣܶʥ
ѰͷҲǵһ㡣
ǵãϸԣ֮У˻Яʥ롣
ΪһˣʥҲᱻĨ
ʱѰнֱƿ۲Ĵ㡣
ɺһ룬ûô
Ͼھ֮ЩʥҪôᱻûҪôᱻ޵߷ֶƿأװױ˱ˡ
ʱĿûٵ٣ҲѰʶˡʥ桱ɵĿɲ
ǣľǿƳܲסȴڴʱ׷߻ħ
ۣ
һѪɵùԲͷأ׶
ԼԼˣ³㵡
ıˣһҲǣپͼ״񣬶ʥֱٵ٣ֻǡҲû뵽һҲ̫ܲסˡ
ϸ˵̬ȻţҲעھ֮г
ٳˣȽЩһ˵
ǽ̸Ѱûзɾ裬ԽʱԽΣգҪԷ֮ǰķˡ
䣡
ƺӦѰ²⣬ﻹ£ѺȻ
һͷڣĽɫ棬Ѱɱ
ڵĻ棬ֱҪٻһУ
ԶԶȥһֽɫ̫ڴȼա
ɣǿһʯٵľͺһС
ϧǣѰԲԸ
ৣ
ƵĶ޳նӳ٣翣ĥ

ת˲ѣɱĽڣͱնһֻѪ
һİ³Ӷ޹ô˻ᣬֱ˽ڵԴ
һ̫ӣһλƾĹŴ̥ʹ˱У
ɱ
Ѿ˭ԴУȳ
ֻǣעͽ͡
ۣ
һϮ۵ӱѰնɱ屻նΪ룬ˤڵϣѪʡ
䱾ֳһͷɫ
ͬʱһϣϸͰ³ڷ֣кһеļơ
ûãһֱ嶼򱬣Ѫɡ
ѰϸͰ³ע顣
֮ǰǱΧ֮ǻѻһӵĺ⣬Ŀܻˡ
Ƭ̣ʣµ˾ͱѰǺɱѪһأ޾Ĳʡ
Ⲣûн
֮ǰսУвٶֱΣɥʧսȴûȥ
ѰԸ³ϸѾչжսɱЩĶ֡
ѰɫƽؿһУûв֡
֪³ϸҪй֮ǰ˱پĻ̫ŭͺޡ
صѪȣѰҲ΢΢Щ
ܹ𹬵ǿߣ̤۵;Աϣɾ;߾ġ
磬޲һҫȥǰһжע档
Ǵ֮ܲпᣡ
ѰǽձɱǰӵٶϣҲעɢ
Ƶ飬Ժ󻹻


1147 ɱӰ
ʮλȫУ
һ̫ɡͳ黪ɽѪ
һЩǿߵʬ嶼¶࣬о޴ɽʨա˫֦ľȾѪ˴Ŀġ
ȸ֣ÿʧһ
𹬵Уȴһأ˭˶עҪĺΪ֮
ѪУѰɣܣпвϼѵʳİ
⻰޵߶УԻ᲻
ɰ³ϸ۾һ֮ЩսƷԲ˷ˣ
ȻսƷˡ
ЩɶǸеĶŲٺö
ģǱǺñ۱ҵʱá
̫ݳˣȻװһĵԪϴ꽬
ȵȣҩ
Уʱϸ˷ܵĴС
һᣬؼıν䣬һ۾ֱܷû͸ߵ͡
ܿ죬ͱһѱʣں⣬
ҩġ鵤䡭νĿ磬ÿһۺ촹ѡ
ʲô𣿡³һشۣж߳ıһ棬㿾һԡ
ϸһ˹һѶʲôȣǹ֥֮ôԴֵɹ
³棬̲סûõģ
ȻУһȥСƻ˱ϸһۡ
죬ϸŽսƷռϣһģ¿ɷˣѰи飬ԺרŴٰɣ룬ЩļһĸǷһԲϲ͵Ļᣡ
³°ͣΪȻͬ
Ѱǳ鴤кɻ󣬾ԼǴˣǵıڣ

⽨ǲ
ѰҲ⶯ˣ֮ǿУ˺޲ɱԼ
лԷšȫԵ

սƷϣԱѰ
ϸ򻹲ʰ³սƷɶ㲻ܹ֣
³һЦҾô϶ҡ
ϸ˸ۣǹģһ־ûС
ž
䣬Ժ׾ͱѰһǣ۵죬ٲҽˡ
³Ǹ޹ҿвУϸȻ
Ѱһһ֮ǰǶΪ³е޹һǿʥ
Բǡ
⡰ʥ桱£ⱦֻҲѱĨˣܱ³á
ϸǿһ㣬Ż档
³ƵģУ
˵ţ˱
һƹӶѣ˭ϡƵġϸ򳰷
ϡ㻹뿴Ƿ³༥
ѰȴЩüĿŹܣϸ⹬ʲôط
ϸʱ˷ܵ컯֮أղŽʱҲӦÿ⣬¹Ͱ׺ͭϹʱǺнġ
¹ףϡ
ϣغķ֮ά
ͬʱ˹˷Ű˼֮⡣
ϸ˵һ֡ϵ£Ψ𡱵ĸ֣ȻʥˣҲײҲƵĵ
Ϊ̫죬ɣ
Ϲʱ˵أʱڷӡУ޷롣
ϸȣŹеһͭڣȫһˣӡѾʧһ컯עֵģ
ʲô컯
³̲סʡ
ƺһλԳơɡйأȻҲֻҵƲ⣬Ͼ̫֮ˣ˿֪Ҳֻжϳ´˵صˣһǿڵĴڣ
ϸЩȲˣǸ
˵ţѰͰ³ͷ
յģֻһǽڵǰǽڻʯͣ貵Ĺ
ϸɫͫײӲӷ⣬ɫ㱣Ʋⲻǽڣ컯֮أ
ѰͰ³һǶϸӦδִǽʲô֮
ֻǣϸְ̽ǽʱ˵һĻˡ
һȦǽڱɢֳһ޴ޱȵŻ
Żϣֻ׭һӰΰ°ƶ֮ϵ
ˣɽˣѰǸܵһĿֲѹƣסڡ
̫ǿˣ
ֻһӰͼѣȴ缷Ǭ϶ߡ
˵ķɣ
³˫ȶڶ£Ʋסһ־Եѹƣ޷ֵ
Ӧþǡ
ϸһҲˣֻһͼǵϢȴʥ˶ƺҪǿ󣡿֪һŻڣ϶˲õĴ컯
ѰԴ˺ͬ
ʶʥ˵жֲҲ׷Ůߣʶʥ˷ֶΡ
ǺǰһӰϢȣЩʥƶԵЩ
ǺŮȣȴЩ޷Աȳߵˡ
Ϊ߶һ֡ɲ⡱ζ޷
Щˣƿſ˵
˵ţϸ֣̽Żϰȥ
ڰ;ȴסɫ𲻶һŻڣǴ컯Ҳ˵׼գ˵ҪҪƿ
ѰͰ³ʱĬ˼⡣
ԽǴ컯Խǰ׵õܰŲԤգгʶ
һŻڣŻԵգ
û˸ȷ
ڴʱһȻ𡪡
Եɼ̳лԵԵţ
ƶ֮ϴ翶Į͸ֱĵѰǻһɫ䡣
ŻϵıӰڴ˿˵ˣϣ
ǰԵӺδ𣿡ϸѵĭСѯʣ̽
Ϲʱһλ׷һսʮأǵĺᣬԵ
翵ٴ
ֲеһͭһ渡ֳһһͼ
еĺᵶ˻žſͷ­ྪ
е󤣬޴ӰǿУÿһƬǳС˸⡣
еһϮۣȴźףɢɱϢ¶
еġ
ÿһλԲͬȺģǧٹ֣һ⣬ƽħɲ
һλȻеġһλ񽫡ˣ
ȥ³ʧиû壬Ǵڵ컯Ե
Ѱ֮࣬ҲüЩ񽫣һͼˡ
Ѱ֣ͬƲ壡
⡭棿
͵أϸУĿճմһͭӣһŵģ
˲䣬ѰͰ³Ŀ뱻˹ȥ


1148 ɳٿ
ϸմǣޱȡ
ĻͭϣֳĻһλģӣ׷ͫӲӣǺЦ
£޳ϣһöԲڷųĽɫͭǮ
һȥӿƥ˾֮С
ϸ֪һصİ⣬Σޱȣ
棡Բд
ϸڣš
ѰͰ³Ҳ޷ƽ
Ǿ֮еһعƺһλɡйأһ֮ȴڴ˵أζʲô
Զǽϣһ°ΰӰԣһλ񽫣һսʮء
ɣһ棬ҲλһУ
Ʋ⣬񽫡ҲԲСˣܽÿһȺеȱ
ҲˣеǽλӰˡ
˭
ܣһλԲͬȺ棬Ըһս
Խ룬Խľ
ϸ򣬻ʲô컯Ե³һƴϸϣһĽ
ϸѣȴûټϲãɫӵҼУһֱţѪӡУûйļأû룬ȴҷһЩ
ͳϲƱ
Ѱϴ֮ʱͷ˴˵أһڤڤƶעԵ
ϸ̾ʲôԵҲֻմĹ⣬λսĿڽӵлȡ컯Ļ᣿
˶٣ƳѰͰ³һۣǿɱĽƴֻƴˣã滹㲻
˵ֿʼɪˣ⡣
³˸ۣݺݱġ
Ѱ뱩˵ĳ嶯ˣղŻһ˵ģת۾ͱˣֱĿ
С󡵹Ȥ
ȻһƶƮ
һðӰٿȻ֡
Ӱ꽻֯ɣƻãģҲԵģֻܿ˼ͦһͳɽ塣
Ψһܹģһͫؼ䣬ǳл𡢷ڣӳֳһĻĻĺ
ĿɨУѰ궼¶ëȻͨȫһͨ͸
ܿ죬ԷĿ⣬гֳһּµľףһ˿һžƿӳ졣
žѰǵӰԽӲǣеһޱȵѹֺ壬š
ֻҵһƹǵšðӰڡ
ɲǼ䣬еѹһɨգгֳһζ˲İ崺С
ֱ仯Ѱһ󷭹·ֻҪӰԸ⣬ﶼϲŭֶͬı仯
⣬ֱף
ˡ
ĿɨеѪȺۼ̾һĿ⿴ϸ򣬵꣬һ뿪ŻʱҵĴȥգܳ⣬Ǳ㽫²컯ڴ˵أΪнഫȻҵ磬ҲڶϾ
һţҸεգҲ£Ȼǹ֮컯ԵС
ϸ̲סʣǰ
ҡͷ㲻ʣԺл뿪ŻʱȻ׵Щȥ
ȥɣѾˣΪĻҲѿǣҲ̤˾ϣǡߵñǸԶ
˵ţһӣϸӰͱһЮţһǽϵŻ֮ڣʧ
ʼգϸܾĻᶼûУ
ˣѰͰ³ж𶯲ѣ˶ϸ컯Ӧա
ǰΣ³ʵ
ЦЦǵۼԵпܣҵǽǰŵءһˣջ񡣡
ŵء³ૣμס֡
һ£ѰҲˣ֮򣬿ͬҲΪ˳Ϊ
̫֮󣬻ǧϾžֲŲ֪ٵĻԵ컯
ָ㣬ѰٵԼϵ컯ʹûʲô
㡭
Ŀ⿴Ѱ
Ѱ͵ڴ
ĵ;
ԭ׵͵ӿֳһĨޱȵĹѰǳٳٲˡ
⡣
˼С
ѰţڣҲ
Ҳüž³ҲЩԾֹȴס
ֱãӲ˵ĵ;ֻԼߣԵҲ޷ָ㡣
Уһ˿ײɫ
ԭڴѰ͹ֵлǰ
ΪлңȻ
Ѿһָ㡣Ѱ
˵ٻӺ磬һֱɱĵ;ͬĵ
ӺȻЦսۣȻսǲһģĵ;ҲעһҵǺڴ̤һ;
Ѱ΢΢һЦҵһֻҲ죬˵ƵĻ
һĬ죿
Ѱͷ
ֻ˵Ļ죬ĵȻ֮£Ĵڣ߲֮ɴԶɵִ
ҪԼĵ;ͱ˽̽
ֻû˵߹ŽΨ֮;踶Ĵۣʵ
Ѱ˼ֻ˵ԵãտҲĶãһζִԣ³ˡ
ɹȻ֪ˡ
Ŀ¿ѰԹ񣬲֪жٺһĿܣ辶ڵ;϶һģܰ쵽ģȴ޼Ϊȵ;޷ԤĴ߻ħɵҪˡ
Ѱɫƽ˵޾޻ڡ
һ޾޻ڣ
ӴЦҵС˵ϵˣϽʤˣϨڣСѣɷ֣֮
Ѱ
ӵͷ˳Ϊɣȴ֪ҵ䣬Ժлǿչŵ鷳Աҵ֡
סٿգ
˵գЦӰƮʧ
ٿգ
֣һεİ쳹һͭ˲֮
ɣٿգ
ѰĬĬס֣Ҳסǿչŵ
Ϊǵãϸ˵ϹĴ֮һ֮棬ƺҪǿչŵ
գ
ͬʱ³ץôϻ˵ƺһϵϣô룬ȴ벻ˡ
Ѱ̲סһ
³ҡͷҲֻϻżᵽɣûôղλɿɾճ¡
˽̸ʱкȻһεЮˣ⡣
ǽյĴţҲڴ˿Ϣؿˡ



1149 һ¥һԾ
ɳǡ
һħϴٵ黹ֵ÷зʱһޱȵϢ
ħһɱȣͳľУ
һʯǧˣǳضˡ
ߣȥ
Ž֮ãħҪ𣿡
ܿ죬һЩ˽Գǰȣһ̽
ִʱȴ֣һԾǷһصĹУ޷֪ħ񾿾Ƿ
ǣ¸޵߶òȺ⡣
жʮλлн̫ɡɽѪͳȳħֻ޷߳ˡ
֪ǹе޵߽ľ
˶ǿ߻ۣ˵ħ񣬻콾ֻҲмܣ
ħҲ嵨ΪѣգΪѣһ¡
˸пٹ
̶֪ѨϣֻΪˮ֮Уٶκ˶ݡ
ΪѣͬҲһֲңˣһĵ˶಻ʤ˭մϹϵɶҪܱǣ۵ĺ
ЦѰ
ǽһǿߣҧгݣ֮ǰѰϴǵĵ̣Ǻ޵÷
Σע
ɽ¬ͳĸҲˣ˿̽ڴԸ
ħ̫˼ɵ
޼ɣս죬ӹأƣڷɹųдɱ䣬˷
ţ޼ȥǼֱ
ԣǶͲѰ
ףſˣ죬ǡǡ
أ˾У궯
˶𹬵Ų֪ʱϢؿ󣬴߳Ӱ
һӰ۾ɽҰˣȻǰ³
֮ǰ˶ǵã³ǺϸһħǰӪȡ
ֻǣ˭û뵽߳ˣ
ħ񣡣
ͬʱʧУò
ڰ³ߣһˣһϮ°ɫӰͦ㣬ڷǱ϶Ѱ
ǹ𣿡
Ůϴ䡣
ܣ
һɽͳһĴˣ˿̶һ׻ģӶ
ħ񻹻ţǡأ
һ뵽⣬ڳ޵߶Ĳ쳤ӣһǹеľ
ϧǣϢرպϡ
ֵѣأ
׳ŵӽѯʡ
ѰĿɨȫһۣ˵컯أҼˣֻгˡ
˵ɫȴһ㶼ûоɥʧ䡣
޵ߺɣǵ֪УɵȶʮλǶϲܾͷѰ뿪ģ
һλأò
˹ʺˣҲ컯³
ŷ
һЩǿɫòȫǵϣǶ⧲֮С
磬ûõ컯ܣйһ¡³˵ţĿ޼ɵشЩһǿߣǲ
ˣϸ׼óԵģϸܲĴѰҡͷ޵Ŀڶ࣬ѷֱ澿жǵˡ
ϡ³
˵ţ˾ͳɽȥ
վס
ɽ¬վҪ𣿡
ͬʱͳĸҲɫƵؿ
ǽԤЩԾ
аҺһȥڳеĵϺúýһ£
ѰЦʡ
һ仰¬ɫ䣬Ѱϴٽһ龰
Ѱ̬Ⱥܲԣҵֻһʹе飬ȴвɽͬȥ𣿡
һݸ߳һͷ̷ԺѰеһԺ塣
ʲôһ仰ܴˣ͹
Ѱһ仰㲻ᣬֱŰ³һ𣬳ɽȥ
㡭
ݸӲȻŭһ뵽ѰǿɲսзЩԥ
ĺǣУû˸ȥѰɾ͵ڵˡͷ񡱣

³мЦ̼ݸӷζըˣջס
ֱ뿪ڳȺ۾һ˸ҳ
ɱƣ
֮ǰѰڷɹųУӹأǿ̤Ͻһĵ̣ɱһϴ١
£˭òͷ˸ԣ
ֻ£ҲֻгѩʥŮסŷȾǴѹסħˡ
̾
һͳɽЩһɫޱȣѵ
̫ڣţ
һǿ߷ߺ޷
ǹоʲôΪħܹȻش߳
ɻľɡ
ȥ
һԡɫеӰ߳ƮȻԶ𹬵ȥ
ƣ
ͫһϳӵݣʥ֮ءǻö족еһλ
ھǰһ¹׵ʱҲ赲һֽŲͨ
һĻԭȾ͵Ⱥڴ˵޵߿жһ󷭹
ΪԱħ񾭹һʱλʥ֮صľƺҪѷɫһЩ
ŻϢؿˡ
һεĿע£ϵǣȴδС
ΪУһصѪȺͲ֫ѪܵģһĻ
˻
Ƶɫ䡣
ףΪֻħͰ³߳ˣΪ˶ѾУ
ҿкۼ֮ǰһޱȵĶս
ʮﰡл̫ɡǱħɱ𡭡
Ķӿһ㺮⣬ֽű
ͬʱ޵߽˻ᣬҲڿǹеһĻĻѪȻ档
Ǳޱţѻȸ󳹵׺䶯ˣը˹֪жټСȻ
ǽһͳɽȵЩԶܲסȴ˻
ˡ
ȫˣ
̫ǰڣ
һЩ޵߼ˣͬĳþ޷ƽһУħֱ

ѰͰ³طɹųʱһ䶯ѰˣһһƵı顣
ѰûЩҸ֮ء
ǽʱϸ˵һ¥һԾ
ǰϾž뾭֮¥Ŀ顣
֮¥һһͨʱΨǰһǧǿߣܹͨϾžС
ǧеҪ֮ϿɣӵнѰٻԵʸ񡣡
·ϣ³һҪ飬Ѱ
Ѱ죬ͷһ˵֮¥;֮Ϣ
ô˵ǧУÿһӦһ¥һˣѰ˼
ˡ
³˵⣬ָԶ㿴ǱǾ֮¥
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼλãһ¥
֮Ρͻֺ룬ͨŹϲɣϢ£¸



1150 Լ֤
֮¥
Ρֺޱȡ
ÿһ磬Ƶһ¥Ŷս顣
Ψǰһǧľʸһ֮ͨ¥ٳͨϾž̽Ѱ컯ͻԵ
Ҳζţһ֮ڣ־ڽϾžǿߣԻ¥ܿ顣
ȻϾžһ;
Ǿһ֮ڣ˳
ԶԶأѾܹ޵߽֮¥Ҳ޵ߴӾ֮¥߳
ÿ춼ڷ仯ܹһǰһ֮УܹǰһǧУʱ̶бĿܡ
ۣн̸
úŬɣ컯ڶֻ࣬ҪܹյʵͻͽҲǲܡ
ֻ̫ˣ˴ν޵ߣ֮࣬ȴֻһǧʸϾž⾺п᣿
ǲϣˣֻҪܶȡһЩԵ˳ΪѾˡ
ΪǺǣҲֻһ˭ܹ쵽ģ
ϲ벽⣬ɹףǽʧߣܹ̤ģȻ콾УҲǧһ
Ǿ֮򣬻Ե컯ڶ࣬ΪҲעס
ԶѰͰ³ڴ֮Щۺ󣬶ҡ־
ǺͿԽг
ǵĿ겻ڴˡ
ҲҪɾ֮
֮¥ǰһǧУѰͰ³аܹ쵽ġ
磬ҪҪȥһ棿³Ц
Ժɡ
Ѱ㣬ѰҸطͬʱҲһ;Ϊͱҵ׼
˷ɳٿյĻѰʶԼĵ;ֻԼ
֮ĸ֣Ī
ھ֮¥һ֮ڣеǻȥ
Ǿ֮ѰĸȤ
ֻҪôϿɣܽǧеѰ컯
ṩһ·÷ֲǧе޵֮䣬Խпж
Ҳ֪ѹһС
ѰȻԾѣҡҡͷͰ³һ뿪

ɳһƫƧ䡣
ѰĻòһҩĴۣһ޵һͥԺ
ɴˣͿԿɹųǵļֵ֮
ȻҲֻѰóһҩһһͥԺˣ޵ߣڳ⣬ֻҲԸһҩ˷ϱߡ
סڳУҲкô̽Ϣ޵йҩĵȵȡ
ʱҲܹȡΪۺ
Ϊųǣһ޴ޱȵľ˷Ի۶
˵ڳУͺڶ츣ûʲôЧҪá
Ѱ֮ԸĻòҲǲԸš
ͷһ¶ݣע಻Ҫ飬Ҳܻ鷳
ͥԺžɰ߲طʤ徲Ƨ
ѰͥԺܺŸеɣһҲһķ֮
磬ȥ̽һ¹ŵصϢ
һ׵³ͷɿ˵
շɳٿյָ㣬³컯ܺ͡ŵءйء
ҪҪ㣿
Ѱ
ãֻǴ̽Ϣѣһ˾С
³˵
죬³ʹҴ뿪
ʧǣټķɹųǣȴûһ޵˵ŵءġ
գ֮ǰǧн̽Ѱܷ̽ŵء
Ѱһȥģ³ȴܾˡ
˵Լĵ;ҪԼȥҪæǻڵġ
ѰҲûǿֻǽϵһЩҩͱָ˰³һЩлһ
һ죬³Ҵ뿪ˡ
ѰҲģ³սͼǿᣬƴʵ򲢲ޱ֪ʱơ
Ҳһ죬Ѱʼޡ
һξޣͬΪս;̽ѰԺ·
ѣ
ѰӶ쾳ʱ̤֮·Щ꣬ѻ˷ޱȵľ֪
֪ԼҪʲô
һʱ䣬ɹųе޵ߺȻ֣ħһ£ûһĶ
ĳ컯֮ѰԵ𣿡
Ҳ˼ֵ鷳Ͼһսеľ̫ˣ
˵һЩɳ֮ͨǰѰǿԮħб
Ҳ˵زµĴҲѰħ˵ħˣ䳬ȣ
ֲħ񲻼ټô鷳ҿ϶Ҳ
ۺܶࡣ
ʱƣأѰҲˡ
˴νɽ޵ߣ԰㣬һӴޱȵĿв콾Ŵ̥ûС
ÿһ죬к䶯Ĵ·
ײԵ֮أ벻컯Ȼ󲨡
Ҳвޱȵɱڷɽ粻ͬĵطݣһЩﶼ˶䣬޵Ĳ
Ҳҫƥǿ˶𣬳ΪעĶ
ʼʱѰսҫۣţûϢȻҲʽ򣬽

֪ʱȥ
ɽзӿ䣬˻ϲ˰
һУѾѰ޹ء
׵СԺУѰһڤ뾲ޣ;Щеľ顢ĵáԽµܽᡣ
Խ󣬾ͻᷢԼɺ͵
УҲˡ
ԽվڸߴԽǰԼ֮;᫵·̹;
ǰΪǶԵģþĶԡ
ǰΪģſɹĦ
һ·Уɽˮߡ
ǰɽɽˮˮ
Ȼ󣬿ɽɽˮˮ
ŻףɽɽˮƬˮ
ֻǣʱľ򵽵УѾȫͬ
Ѱӡ֤ȥ;ԱȲգԴΪ̽Ѱ۵;
µʱ䣬ܶ࣬ǳ
ʱע⵽ϸڣµ͸дٽйɺӡ֤һȱţһ֮
ҵĵͬ뵱ͬΨ󼺣ܶȼˡȷ޷ָ㣡
µľ޺Ѱͼᶨˡ
֮Ե컯ɶԣ߲֮ͬ۵;ؼÿԼ
˵ָ㣬Լյľĵ䣬ֻΪһֲοͽԼĵ;Լߣ֤
֤
Լ֤
ϸĵ;ͷɳٿԵͬҲһ;Ҳϣ̤Ͼ
עʺѰ
̸кûֻ֣֮ĵ;һˡ
һ¹ȥ
óȥˡ
һ죬еѰ۾Ӱ
޵ʱ̺ȻٲȥҲͽ͡
Ҫģȥ̽Ѱ۱ҵֵ;Ϊ֤߾׼



1151 տ
ɹųԽԽˡ
ĸǰѰյִʱȣе޵㷭ʮ౶֮࣡
ͳˡǿߡȺᡭ
һЩ飬ڳҲżʡ
米߲ʼ׿ǵġ塱ǿߣžβ͵ġѩ١ǿߡ
мټġ֯塱ᣬƶʱƯƣһţƵͻһ˿˿ƵӴܵӺС
ˣŴ̥콾û
ѰĽֵϣ㱼䣬ֻص쳾У̬
˿̻ûһòѰ꣬һͣһԹߵ̬й䡣
ӣǻϼ¶Ҫô
һŮһմɹޣһƹͷ׵ĻϼðӳĵŮСκ죬οɰ
ζһ
ѰЩȻϼ¶ɲòߢϼУҪķѪȥһƵز׽˿Ƶġ
ֻҪģʲôԡ
Ů˵Եúɬǰֶ۹
Ѱ룬óһСƿݸŮⵤ𣿡
ԣ
Ů۾һܾϲӡ
ѰЦһչ޵Ļϼ¶ȥǰŮصһһ
ѰһΪϮ
˭룬ЩȴΪֻ֣Ѱ˹˵лӣˣ
ѰȻʶղŮһ֯ĺᡣ
ӣҽвɲɣԺռĻϼ¶Ը㽻ôɲɺڴ
ȻԡѰЦ

û۳Ļ꣬ƮϣɲɵҲ֮͸Ż죬̫ˣǵһԸģлл̫ллˡ
ЩƮţá
Ѱ֪ǲɲһķʽл⡣
Ůһ⣬üɱ¾ѪȵѰҲܴ
գɲɻһƣʧڷĽֵϡ
Ѱ²⣬ӦȥƲϲߢϼ¶ˡ
Ϣʥ֮ءǻö졯ľ̤֮¥һھʮ
Ѿʮλǰһľ콾ˣ
ֵϣֲѡ
Ѱһһ߳ȥ
ûãżȻ֪һشϢĸʱ½ǿ߽
һеĶԲͬĵͳϵġ
֮ȣ޵ڽʱʧĻõģ˰벽ߡ
õģֱӾ߻ħɵ
䲻˳ûһ̤ľ߾
Ȼֻڷɽ磬ǧУͺ˵ˡ
˵𣬽һڷѰħ񣬾ݴнһǿˣһֹһ
ֹǽһһЩͳҲѰħǾ֮¥;֮˶ţֻҪħ϶ᱻһʱ䷢֡

ֻǣѾĸ¶ûħϢˣ˵᲻ʶѽ֮뿪˷ɽ磿
пܡ

ûãѰһЩۣһĬҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
ĸµʱ䣬ɽԷ̫飬ЩӰ첻Ѱ
ûã뿪˳УҰףããؼߡ
ɽܴȺɽççһƬ죬һС磬ֲĻԵ컯֮ء
Ѱ׷ſңĶ
ɽУʱһ˶֮ϣת
һܿҹһʯһ
ʱҹԺ֮ϣˮ֮ǹߡ
ʱˣһԻС
ʱ䣬ͿɽҰ䣬һ쫷磬طй
˺ʲôͷûˣһؼ顢ơ˯ߡ
ء
Բˡ
ŵ¡Ժеļ䡢е
Ҳʧˡ
ججտҡ
ȥˡ
ɽ޵ߣڴԣһһˣճմҰ˰㴩ɽּ䣬ΪһЦ̸
һ¹ȥˡ
ڷɽ粻ͬ̽ѰԵ컯޵ߣһӡټ
֡
ɽɲ̫ƽ෴Ϊ컯ͻԵ춼ѪȵɱͳͻڲͬС
һӡ㼣̤ɽÿһУȴܰȻػڣȷ˺ţһ漣Ƶġ
˭
˿֪
һ죬һϣһĻֻĳߣڴϸƤѵۡ
֦ͷʢһӲӵĻ٣֭ͭҺɣŽĹ
ǰʮ֣ϼ
һȺ޵ѻ֮ǰĿһĻ֦ͷϣһ仨һš
ÿһƬ꣬籡һĻ磬һŻƢ㣬ˡ
ֻǣЩ޵ȴһ˸ҿ
һΪһ仨ٻδš
һ껨һӲӵߣֻпӴϸϸܵĻۣͷ­͹ƿҪͷǣ
Ϣ䣬ϸСȴһɽа
ͬûھȴš
ѽ㰡
أͷƲУһĽ
˲䣬޵ͫһһӲӵߣ嶼ٿȻһһļơ
ƲеӰʱЩ޵ߣһߣԷˣûвȡһж
ƲУһεŮһ߹ޣղڲߢϼеһҺ
֯Ůɲɡ
ֻǣϵ龰ʱʱʶԾʹȥ
վסС
һ޵ߴȣһһϮ۵ꡣ
ʲô
ɲɺܽţӨ׵Ķͷ亹ˡ
ֻҪǰһ£ͷ뿪
˵ţһָԶһ껨һ仨ȥ
Ǵòɲȥ
Ԥȥ˵ɻˣһʱͻܵһߵĻɱ
ҲģֻҪ߱ǱԳ룬һٶһޱȵͭ
޵߽Թۣûֹ
ҡɲˣɷס
ӽ֮򣬾ͲִһֱƲвߢϼҺľơ
죡
ȣھɱ㣡
޳ܣǿһŮȥֶκͱӡ
û˵ʲô
Ϊ컯ͻԵ˭޵߽ԻĺֶΣ
ɲŵᶼˣڣû뵽ΪԼһ仰ǳ
ҰѡҰѲߢĻϼҺǣɲԷŹңſǻίŽеչг
Ѫ
ޣϼҺʲô⣬˭ϡ
ɫһСһᣬ춯֣
ɲŵûһеչ޶׹䣬޿бۼߵĻϼҺҪ
Ѫ˰²Ųߢô࣬һ̣ˡ
Ҳڴʱһֻƾճ֣չס



1152 
б׹չޱס
ɲ۾š
Ŀֻƶһǻҳ๸ı۰ϣſǰ֮ˡ
ͷɢʲݣڣģΨһ˫峺
ֻǣƺ峺͸ɾûеĲֳһֿնĸо
ɲסоǰһ˿ʶϤУȴֲ֪
Ǹӣ
Զϣһ޵ϳˣϷʳ
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1153 ųɱ
ѰĬ
ԺУһľ糱ˮӿ˺ֵһһ֡
󣬽Իһָ򣬳ͷ
ѾҵһԼĵ;
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ϼҺУϴ˵ģԺѼϼҺ׵ġ
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ֻǣ͵Ѱ׼ǰʱ͵زǳŸ̾ǿߵǿϢ
һֹһ
ɲɣһʱ䷢ʲô𣿡Ѱֹʵ
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֪Ϊγǰǿ򣿡Ѱʡ
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ʥĴڣֻҪ߷ܣȻܴ֮Ĺ򣬲ֱٵ
һУѰųԶķɹųȥ



1154 ɱһ
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˽֮ȻΪڵ;ٽһҲֻܳ䵱ְѹԴĽɫ
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Ѱ˿Ҳһ亹



1155 ƽ
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پ;ĩ·绳ƥһЩĻ֮죡

ѰٶȲ졣
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·ʱ̷һеԪҺѾת޸
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Ϊһ̴Ĳֹţ̺˵ăȸΪ
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ԣʱҵҲῴͬķݶϣΪռʬǣ·ڣ벻ʬҰ
Ҳ׷׿ڣһĵӡ
ֻǣ˵ĹûʣʵªȫҪû٣Ѱϵı
һᣬھʧ
Ѱʧȥģɱӿ´ͨ뺡
ˣҲǺܿµġ
ѰһЩ޵ɫһ䡣
գǻûֵܵס̰ں׺ţֱᵽѪȵĲӬƵġ
ֵѣҵȺĺ⣬ɱ𾴾ƲԳԷƣ

ۣ
䣬ԪȻնͨһ׹ڵأɴ۾ǡ
˽ԷëܵţȻѡ
ֻɫҲҵ⣿ٸǰһնɱˣ
ԶѰǱ䵭Į
Щ޵߽粻ԥѡ
ǳɵʱѰӰԶȥ
ǲ׷޵߲׷νΪΪʳѰǿߣ˭ֿϴȾѻ᣿
ħվס
˴ȣһȺ޵ߴ綢ͺգֱӾͶˡ
ۣۣۣ
ֻǣѰͷҲûأЩ޵ȴһԵ棬С
ÿһԪ񣬽ԱնɱĨ
ûѪȣҲ˿ڣԵúܿɲ

һЩ޵ڰпһĻԾͷƤ飬ëȻ
ħ񣬴˳֮У׶֮أ£һ飬ָһ·
ûãһλǿ߳ˣһλ꣬ԸѰǰ·

ѰĻشֻһ֡
ңٶȲһ˿
Ǿ·ɣ
ɫһһ齣ɱ¡
ûд⣬һ֣ɱﵣ
һһǻٲڿնҫ۹
ţ˴ħעѵֵһ
ֻ㵵ǣʼգѰ֣Ȼ̸ϵֵ
ҲͬʱԪһ˺Ѱľʹǰڡ
飡
ɲǼ䣬Ԫܵ걦ףһĨҲڴʱնԪ

귢ޱȵĲҽУ˲
ͨһڵأ̱ûϢ
ಣ
ͬʱһƽ޵ӰʶУԶѰ׷ȥ
ӰȻС



1156 ֮

Ѱüٴ
ÿһκǣƣΰľʹɫҲ԰ס
Ψһҵǣؿڵ˺۶ѳ޸
ۣ
Զ·һ޵ߵӰ׹ڵأϢС
ûãһֵϳӰɲǶ֣Ҳһһأж
ʼգѰŲͣ˿ûȥһۡ
ֻ֪ҪСڣȻһľҲ˺Լ
ûãԶֵƫƧ䣬һͥԺ
Ѱ֮ǰµס
ˣЩԾԶСѣ͸ء
ѰҲע⵽һ̣һѤĶݹ⣬糱ˮ˷
ԲͬĴȺӣڡ
ȥ޵ߵӰȳƵģ˵
ϣǼٵĶݹƿǡ
Ȼ̾ڳеĸϵͳˣѾѶһʱҪô˻һٻɱѰ
Сɣ㶯ˡ
Ѱ䣬һּµĵĮ
ˡ
С㵡
ô㻹Ų𣿡
Ѱ˵ʱһҲûͣЪԼͥԺǰ
һ̣СȴܾǿɫȻˣս಻Ըһ𲢼ս
ѰȻЦˣٶԡ
¡
շٻɫŰһȺǿˣ棬ĿڵһʱѰ綢һˡ
λѣܷ񽫴ⲽɽã
ͬʱɽ¬ҲһȺ޵ˣڣһ
Уħ뽻ͳã
λħޣóҺм
ߣڷȻɱҰ½̴ˣȰλǲҪϣħɱˣ
˷ؼ쳹
Բͬͳǿߣ׷׳ڳУѰڵ
ڣɱгѹĵɱϢ
ѰţУĬǳڳеĵͳ֡
ڸԶ޵ڹ
һĻʱħڵĴȫʮ˷ܵݣ
˴ע׶༪٣
ĲǣǸ˴ִӣѰΪûж֣޷Ȩ
ħԵúܱ
ǰ緢ʮɽУ˸֮Կ
ʱǨȥˣһЩ޵ѳһ󾳵ķ룬ߵɽۡ
ħȻ죬ĿǿߵĶ֣
ȻһܵǿߵĴţҲ֮
񣬸Уӣѵһֱ
һ̣֪жٹս̾ƽȮ۴žǰдˡ
ٷϻħɱˣ
УһǿɫԸţֱӶˡ
䣡
ĽɫӳҫۣٻգһӣǿƺͰԵ


ԲģҲͬһʱ䶯֣ɱѰ
һʱ䣬Ƭ򶼱Ѥõı⡢޾ĵǣض밧ɫ䡣
ֲ̫ˣ
Զ޵߽ԾúһϣȻѡ
Χ£ħζܣ
ٶѰĴĽ޵߶̿ȥб룬ΪѰϧ
ɺܿ죬䶸
ѰڵͥԺڴ˿̶ȻӿֳӿĽƲһͼ˸Ĺͱȫû
ˡ
󷢹⣬ֲֺ
ٿУûѰӰȻѶ

ʲôʱ򣬴˵ضһ󣿡
Уͳ޵һɫһɫࡣ
һĻȫϡ
Զս޵ߣ˿ҲһĿࡣ
Ȼħ֮ǰڴ˲½󣬵ֻ¾Ϊ˷һĻ
˾̾Ѱδѵֶ۷
䣡
˲ģһͥԺкɱ
ǱȴͬͶеһʯͷֻһƬʧӰ١
û󣬻ʧһ
ǳ֮òѪ

һǿߴĴŽӲӵ糱ˮ㣬¡¡ͥԺλк
ûã
Ϊ̫õǿߴڴϢѡ
ڳͳǿߵɫѿˡ
ǰħκ˼ɵڵ˴ƫƫӽһУ
⻹ô
ԣ
һɽǿ߳һͫȻɹĵɫɫĹС
Ƭ̺λǿɫҧг˵һɱߣǰƳģ
˻һڳ˵ɫˣޱȣ˭뵽ħôһ֣
ɶ񣡡
̲ס˻
һɱħľʱȴֻһȴľ棬˭ܲ
˵еѹ𣿡
ʡ
󷨣ȫһ£𣿡
˷
ˣʲôֻҪȥԽĴʱ򣬾֮ʱ
һǿߴȣڳ˽ԳĬ
İ취ҲǵǰΨһİ취ˡ
⣬ȥһЩʦץʱоİأҾͲƲ
ܿ죬ͳչж
˭ҵʱ䣬ΪʱϵԽãͻħṩԽʱ޸
һָ۷״̬Ǻһ붼ĺ
Ҫ֪ǿ߿޷УҲζţЩͳ̣ͽʧȥ塣
۷״̬ħ˭ܵ
죬ȫ򣡡
һʱ䣬˵غϣ޵ߣ׷ʩչ̵ľкԴĽƵ
޵ĴŲסʱͻ˽λãΧ
¡¡
Ƭسϼ粻ҪǮ̻㣬ţѤͷס
ͬʱҲһȺʦʩչֶΣݺƽİء
˵غ֡
ͳϳ߻ۣȻѱűɱľģҪƴҲҪѰ
ɹųǣҲ뻩ȻͷУ֪ٵ޵Ѷй
һʱ䣬ѰڵͥԺٲȻΪˣעĽ㣡
ħ񾿾ܷӹ˽٣
ǸͳܷƵ֮
ĵ⣡
ֻǣһжѾѰ޹أͥԺͽ֮ȫת
еȫó䵱ԴȪСпأʱ̹עơ
ʼϥ޸ƣ˷һʱ䡣
ߣź칷鱦ʥصġ¶ͨ콣ڵġɢʥصġϴ󻹵ġȪˮڵġ衱
һһҩ
һΣѰȥˣʱ޸ˡ
ʱҲչʱ̣



1157 ݼŲ
ͱ֮Ƶǰ˳޸
ֻһ
ѰûΪ˶ǣҲûɱĿܡ
ÿоЩ֪꣬٣Բܱǰմܡ
ˣһĴϳơ
޸̸϶ѡ
Ҫָ״̬ȴѺѣ
ѰǰЩӣ롰տҡ״̬ѰٵԼĶһ޶ĵ;
ԭȱһ۵ֵͿԳȥ߾
ڣŵ˵ĳ֣ȴļƻ
޸ԼĵҲһ˿Ժ۵ʱͿܻΪ
᯴˺һ̺ѰصĴˣ
Ѱܲ
ƲˣʹܵУ
Ѱһϡ
ûʱԥˣ磬֮ʱʱ̿Ŵƽ⡣
ʱʱ̫
꣬ڹʥؾܵУڽ־ʱһܵС
һΣѲȫȱ©ԼҪ̤ĵ;񣬶ҪܵУ
ѰԺʼж
ѿ޷ָǾʹƾյֶκ͸һĴ
飡
һ̣ѰըϢһ˥˼£ļë԰޹⡣
·һӣꡣ
ƱҵУ
ţ
ԶСܵһĻʱС䣬߻ħ𣿡
д󼱣ȴȥֹΨ־ŵԷԷٲ֮ء
֮٣Լ˷
ֻǣС֪ѰƵУ֮

֮⣬ϣٱŷ
ͳ޵ߣѾһһڲϵضԴйͼľ
ԭҲ򵥣תҲҪ֧ŵģ޷ṩȻ֮˥
ڴͬʱһȺʦһ𣬼̡סֵر֮İأƿ
ԶиĴǿڵȴš
ֻǣǵɫ͸Ųͺͽơ
ӹʼѾһʱˣЧ΢޽ܲż
ʱԽãħ޸ƵĿܾԽ
һȺ
һԶԶشӷɹųȻ޷ǵЩǿߣ˿Ҳеܱй
ǰǿ߽޹⣬еޱȵѿ
һ˴ļһƤ£ƫƫȴΪһ֮ȴ޷ɱ
ζֱ̫ĥˣ
ǸԶ޵߽ڹ
ɢޡҲСǿߣǺħܹţġ
ΪһʱѿطɹųǣֻҪǣǽһʽǷѣЩ޵߽Ļޣѵ
ħţעҪѩޣɱķʱעҪ꣡
ԣѰܻţ
Щ޵ߣһЩǿڹûв뵽һѰжС
Ǿ£Ǳԩ޳ΪҪ侮ʯ
ħţвǣǾڣ֮е飬ǲη塣
ħˣҲ޹أҲӰ첻Ժж
ڰ
ǲܵģ
һˣ͵ȥЩԣܵǣۣ׳ղŻֳֺõ顣
֮˿̵ķɹųǣΪѰһ˵Ĵǣ޵ߵģ˵ȫעҲ֡
ţҲ˰ͲҲϹۣڿ֡
һǿ϶ġ
û˻ѡʱȥѰ

ܿ죬ʱȥˡ
תĽ޽չЩ޵ɫѿˡ
Ҳܿȥ
ڣʼԵسһ˿˥Щ޵߽Ծһ
ڴڣСЩü
Ϊ֮ṩ裬Ѿʣ²࣬ʡãֻܼ죡
˿̣ѰϢݼţܵ㣬ΨƳĺ֤š
Ҳ֪ʱΣս󣬸ҲνСһüһƬ
һĺᣬ佾ޱȣһ;޸ģ
οûѰڽĵ;Ͻô졣
졣
֮ԽԽ˥ˡ
Щ޵߽ڴҲԽƣѾˣħƻָ˶٣
졣
˵Ķýơ
ҡҡ׹
ħ񣬾Ƿ޸ƣ
ۣ
һƬžУһʦ͵شڿѪò˶һ
λʦȴ㵸Цƽˣƽˣ
һ仰ȫ궯
Ҫ𡭡
ЩѰָƵ޵ߣɫ䣬ӿһĨ
Ҫˡ
ǿߣ˿ȴǼ尾ģǵҲһһš
ҪֳһǾҲһ
ЩΧĴ޵ߣ˿̶಻סĵĿϲϲĸо
һսʵ̫ĥˡ
䣡
ûгɣλʦָ£һȺ޵һ֣ʼ
Ч
ԭҡҡ׹֮һ޵ߵƽ£ʼֱͼ󶼰
ããã
һšɽ塢½̵ȵȴǿߣÿܣȼڵɱ
Ϊ˻ɱһ˴ħȴǱڴ˵֮ãǽԱһӻͺ⣬Ҫй
ᣬһǧУң
һͷĴŽɫҧгݳ˵һʱ䶯ֵ׼
ҪżҺúһһʲôãܣ
ɽ¬ɭȻɫ䡣
ʱеĿⶼڴˣţϢ
䣡
գ֧֮飬Ȼ¶˱·ͥԺ
СԤʱҪǰ˰죡
СδţҲδɫƽȻӢƥСϷ޾ɱ
ںĻ꽣Ϣذγ
󷽣ѰݼŴʼղеıʡ
ѲҪ
Сֻ֪ҲҪǰ
λ뿴ħڴôĶ
˿Ц
һΪѻָ˴ƣ˭룬ƱҪأ
ǿߴ˿Ҳ˿ɣѰĿ綢һˡ
ô
Զ޵۾޷ţȥʱˣħ񾹶޷޸ƣ
ѵ˴עҪ٣죿
ɱ
һһǿ߳Ѱ಻סһʱˣһɫ磬һųѰͷ­ȥ
ֽ޼ɵζ



1158 ħ
һʱĽһǿߣҪѰҵĽ공
϶һŲ£Ѱͷ­
һǿ߽аѡ
ֻһ̣Ǿͫһ
ڰգ͵һ鴤Ұ˻ĲҽУͨһ׹䵹أҲˡ
ֱȥɫأԹŷŭʡֵ飬˲
һʱЩž
ѰڵأݼŲ֣ϢûУɽȴˣƤ¡
ʼգ˿ģ
ɺܹˡ

أ˴УѰǰա
һߵСˣһϮִۣ꽣ģӢƥ
͸Ϣޣϸ̽޷Ĵڣ
⡭һǱز棬Ѿɿǻˣ
˵һϳСݡ
ڳ޵ͫҲȻһ
棡
Ϲʱǰʮľ׳棬ϹʱӺһʱ޵̸ɫ䡣
ǰģһֻΪǱ棡
͸ɲͲ˼ˣΪУ˳³С
˭룬ȴһֻġ
Ҳֲǽ棬ȻǱһλɱ
һʱ䣬޵߿СĿⶼһ˿ɵ
Ŀ£ܹϢػɱԪ˷ʤ˭ȻüɵȫĽ䱸
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ĿעӣСɫɣ˿ҡҲ˺һ
Σܲƾ츳ҲԸ䲻ػɱ֡
ȴò
ΪҪѰ壬Ըĳʱǿ߱Ȼ룬Ѱлɱ
ԣ¶Ӱɶƣ
СһߣҿԱһ
ɽ¬վĿޱȣ緢˾ء
ɽóľūۺƿظ޺档
ǵŵ伮мأ棬ǹŻ֪ǿ֮һܽ併ڻһʥ
СƳһۣһԲ
¬ȴܣһֻɿǻεǱ氡ֱܽͻһ׮컯ûʲôˡ
λʦʦħø˻ɱɣǵĿ꣬´˳棡
¬һ´
һǿߺȻӦŵΪɽĴˣȻļֵ
ңҲóԸ棡
¬˾ϣȻвջס
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Сһɣ
¬̽һһѪɫ߹ޣϣڳ˵Ϣ
ಣ
߹Ѫɫ񻪣С֡
Сûжܣնһƻ꽣䣬ٿȻ֮䣬ͽѪɫն顣
ȴ¬ϲеãѪе⣬̫ѵˣ
¡
˵ʱһɽǿѶ֡
ò˵¬ǻǺֶεģطͱרСģ˲ѣѹסС
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Ϊ棬ɱ֣ܹ䲻ĻɱԪ
ڣΪ˱Ѱȴʧȥƣҳȥֻǽз
һʱЩмܲסˡ
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СûȫԸȫƴ
ȥɱħ񣡡
޵߶ȲˣۼСǣסǳ׷ɣȻ
Ǹң
Сŭȣ޷ƽƴ㣬ȥֹ
Сһ㻹ǹԹ°ɣ¬ЦʦֵһȫСѹơ
СŭҪĿѡ
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ϡѰϿɺ͸мԥѡֿж
Զһֱעս޵ߣĪ𺳣Ϊ֮ݡ
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ڻͬʱһӰƾ֣Сǰ̽һ
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Ҿ֪ħɱģ˶ôС
ЩԹ۵ǿ߶סͻһĻһֲ
ˣ
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ղŷҶѾˣСͿνɱһɶ
ѰɫĮһεԲͿζ
ڣȺһתȼյĴ¯
һȻҪǬ
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أҴԲѡ
һŵǿߴȣλ𱻴ƭˣѾ̽ܵˣ֮޸ܣʵǿиɣΪ壡
ˣ
ڳ޵ߣĿ˸
ֻҪһЩгʶ֪ɲƣ޸ѱ졣
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ֻǣ
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Ҳǿ߰ܣƬأƵıѰٴӵ
Щ죬ǿ϶ȵúܼ尾ˣ·
ڴʱѰâһɢӲӳʢԣϢһӿֲ˼¡
գɱ䣡


1159 ۿɳ
ɲǼ䣬Ѱ绯һˣϢԨնݳ١
¶Ҫأһϵľηϵľ塣
ô£ѵ޸˵ˣ˳ԾС
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ǵĹ촷ۣ׷ɡ
ƣȫÿǿ߶ͷƤ飬ֱԼ۾
񻷣ܻԨһˣɫĮ䣬ɢ춯صƣһף
ɱ
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ѰⲽǰУΪģɫĵѤǺӣ˸貶Ŀ
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ת˲䣬ѪٷҽҲ֮쳹
ǿߣԱɱֽ㱩УΧʵ޷赲ѰĲ
ȥǷɶ˻
ΪʲôΪʲô
˻ڣзѪȵһĻ̼Ŀ־壬ε
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£˶ΪħɣһܵȫǹעսҲħȥĻ
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䣡
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һһλ콾һӣüĿӢ䣬ݡ
ѰƳһۣһֶѣӾͱϯ
ʱɫ䣬˻ӰٿȻһͷڣ񶯣
ֻǣƾξҲͽͣѰǰΪȴ̫

һ̣ͱѰ˺ѶϵѪ
˶ȻɲѰľȴһֻСƵı˺ˣ
өµ𣬸ʸԣ
ɶ񣡡
ǿߴУŭѵǿеһλɱˣ̫ҡ
ಣ
ѰǰʱȻ̽߬סһͻأɱĺɫ󣬼ǴӺǱ
ѰҲһɫ󵹷ɻȥһĨɫ磬۵һһȺеĺӻɱ
ǰ½̵ǿǶôʱǧ°С
ÿһУԺâ˸ƥǧγɵͷƤ顣

ѰзԿε̤ն𣬺¡һǶĵ䱬
½̴һҲûֱը飬Ѫ
Ĳһֲֿƣһȣͻɱλǿߣ
˶ǵһμʶѰһӲʶħȴоҪ¡
һЩѼʶѰսǿߣ˿Ҳ޷ǰ˴ʱȣʱ֮ħ񣬷ֱøǿˣ
ⷽضΪѪȵսҽвڶ
ѰһˣƳУ޿ƥУ޿赲ҡ
֮һصĲʬ鱦ͲҺ
սһɱ

Ǹǿ߶ɱõ־Уɾ˷Ҫɢӡ
ΪǳˣɵֵѹһУǶ־˭ȥ
ˣѰ͵һĮ죬˭뿪
ȴ쳹ȫһεĴϣ´һɵּ⡣
䣡
䣬ѰΪģһεĽٿȻɢɨǬķ籩
˲䣬˺ȻһĻˡ
Щڳ˷ӶݵӰһ类ճסĳӣǡ
Ǳԭˣ̤ݹ⡢ǰڴϣÿ϶д˲Ƶľ֣ޱȡ
⣬ǰ½
ֻѱѰת˿ǰز
䣡
Ѱһɨܣâ˺գһ̵ִף̧һա
ͼһӰȫͬһʱ䱬飬ڰ½ɱ»ɻҡ
ԶԶȥƬأһѪ꣬նȾˣޱȡ
Զս޵Ŵͣ𺳵ôǣƣֱһλ־ǿӵС
̫ˣ
һЩȺеĹŴ̥;ԭſֵ̬ɵĿһҲһɫ䡣
ӣѵѾھ۳
ͳͬ
۳µģζ־ľ۵;ϣѰͬ޵Уѹһееĵ̣
ʱЩӶݵǿߣ򶼱ŵò
֮ǰǣΪѰ˴׸Ϊȴûչ¶˿ֲƣ
Ҳڴ˿̣ǲǰˣһ磬£ɱ¾ħ
Ҳڸոսɾʱʹһ̣ϴ䱦⣬ڷڣŭɱʮλҫ۴ڣ
һλڣܹģ
Ѱ㲻±ҵеǿ߱𣿡
ŭɽ¬
ۣ
Ѱתһӡڿգɱ£¬߾ȫֵͽͣӲѹȻ顣
ѰſڣҳʱԻҳЩĻɫˣ
˾㤣һȴħĻɫɺǿơ
ɱ¾ڽС
һΣѰѲ飬һеУ
Ѱʿɶֹɣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬαظϾɱ
أԶսȺУӳһ׷ӣȻֹһɱ¾



1160 ƶ
׷һϮӲӵսף䡣
ƺһλĹŴ̥ӷɽϾž
еԷﳼһϵͳĹŴ̥սǿ󡣡
Ⱥ궯ϳ׷ӵݡ
ֻǣ˭û뵽˿վȰħɱȥ
Ҫֹң
Ѱ䡣
̸ֹֻǲ̳̫Υ͡
ԷﳼȻ
㣬ʱΪβվֹЩΧң
ѰĮˡ
˻һս߽Ժͬƾʲôֻħ񱻱˻ɱܻɱˣ
ʲôƨΥͣƫܵģ
ԷﳼɫһѰҺİ㻯Թ̬ȣ
ʲôʲôʸ񻯽Թ͹
ѰԴǺһ
ԷﳼɫһӱѿĿ֮£Ѱ˺޹⣬ŭ
ִԲ򣿡һ
ѰһֻСѣ
䣡
һӣһȼյǺչչɱ¾
˵ٴңѪɣɱ졣
Ѱ绢Ⱥڴ˵ɱȺۡ
Щǿ߽Ϊ飡
һ·Ѫɱ˵ؽֵʬɺѪУֲˡ
ЩǿѱƵֻǣħѰǰĿӵˡ
ԶǵĵԷﳼɫ粻ĸеһǰδеĳ衣
㱻ˣ
ɴӲζ
ǣ˿̸ս߲ʱ۹ڿһСƵģڡ
ס֣
Էﳼٰ಻סȳѰδ̫ҷ˰ɣ
ɱ¾УѰͷҲصҿ㣿ԣھȥ⣬ȰЩĻɫҵǸұ֤
㡭
Էﳼŭǹ̡
첻͹
Ѱһ㶼òٹս߽԰ʹ죬Էﳼ̫ԼˣΪ˭ħֹ֣
ֱǿԴΪǣ
ѰǲˣǵĳţҪһĸˡ
Էﳼɫ
䣡
䣬Ѱɱָȭһ˲ȭǬ
̫ˣºݻֵĵԷﳼЩֲֻܽȥֵ
飡
춯صײУԷﳼһλŴ̥Ǳһģ߷Ƶģݺݵɳȥ
Уǻ̲ס۵һȳѪǱڵϣˤ˸ʺ͡
ͣҲֱ֪ܳ
ѰĮÿһۣתɱС
Էﳼһ˲ͲĿԼϣϷʡ̾ζ
ձýϣ޲طȥ
ĿһĻڰеŴ̥ŽԵɫԱޱء
һȭѹ˵Էﳼ
ħ񾿾ǿ˺εȵز
УһƬңҽϣӰ
ôԶһȺ޵߳ЩͳԮ
䣡
Ѱ磬ֳŵ֣Ӳƽɣ壬ȥ
ͷ˾ͱɱʬ׹ء
ں󷽣ЩԮ޵߾õͷӣĿ죬ӵĸ죬һ޲õȡ
Ӱ
Ⱥ۸εѣȻɢ
ⳡսûˣħƸ޷ǿ߶֡
ɱҲڴˣ޷ǵģ
ħɸҳһսһŭĴȴӳ쳹
ǽһǿԪ
˿̶ڳ߿֮ϣɫ࣬ĿѣÿҪ
ŵᯡ̳塢½̵ͨԼһЩǿߴ˿̶ǡ
ǵɫѿޱȣһŭգ޲óǣѰĨˡ
ԪĴȣսɫԶħɵ𣬻߳
⻰湻׳յģ
ģҳʱһӲ
ѰƳԶһۣӰĮ˿飬ɻеĺ⣬ȴ޵Ĳ
Ѱû֣̤ͣһǿߵʬһȥ׷ɱȺۣգѪϴͳǿߣ
ɹųǶ𶯣޵߱
񷸩ܿȺ糱ˮܣ˷ӡ
Ѱ׷ɱ·ϣһصʬѪȣһѪߣڳţĿģ
Щɢ޺С˽Զܡ
һʱѿطɹųǣ߸ϣڳǰǿǷѣ޵ĻԹߺͲ
񣬼Ǳħһ˺ƣֻɥ֮ȮӴܣ˭ܲ
ǰڳϣѳΪѰȲˣ
ңԼͬأǶ׷ѰҪ֤յж
дҡ
ֶݹҴܣ
ں󷽣Ѱ飬һسɴ磬ٶȿĲ˼顣
һ̵һɱʳһʬɽѪ֮·ּ̧䣬Ȼе˱УС
УȺĴȣвڶɹųϿա
ⶼ޷ѰĲһͣ٣ɫƽÿ£һԺоɱ
ۣ
һ·ϣѪ겻ʱɽʬ׹ء
ѰӲɱ޹֮ˣʶŻھһ̣δż֣ΪģǼסЩԼĸȻһһˣ
ں󷽵һ޵߽ͷƤ飬ľ
̫ǿˣ
ͬ־УЩ㣬ħǰȴͬ㲻ɱ
ӣ
ħˣñǿ󣡲У
ôᡭô
ȺӣɹųǶûҡ
Ŀ࣬ΪЩĴ˿һ߸ϰ㣬˭ǻᱻɱģ
ңǱһ˻
ڴ˹УҲԮִɺܿͲΣգĻ˵ϾԮֱӾ˱ˡ
һɱ¾У˽ӳǣһѡ
ɶǶԣ֮ǰһĻĻעʰ㣬ĵӰĨ
ȥ棬ħҪɱķ˸Ͽӣ
죬ǣ
˻
лһƬǰδе飬ɴӲ˲ҵĴ׷ɱ
һ·Ͼ˶ˣ
û֪
ңҲ޷ͳƣΪѰʼնͣ£ɱ˸ڳе֮̾ء
ˣħɱˣ
ɶ񣡡
һˣô£
֮̾أԼɹޱȣһʱ޷ܡ
֮ǰ˵ħɣôȴתħɱ
⣬ЩǿöˣħǴϾɱǵϳƵ
һ·׷Ѱ޵ҲĲǱΪһɱ¾ͽ˭룬ħƣҪ̤ƽ֮̾أ
⡭Ҳ̫ˡһһֱĹŴ̥ԴĿЩ¡
ħײУ˶ŵģȴû뵽ײеȵز
ԤеԽɹųҪˣ



1161 Ѫϴ
ӣħɱˣ
̾ĵطһֺĹϵռؼ
أһ޵߸ҿ
ɴʱȴ˻𲻶ϣɹ
һŴ˲ֻӴܣо·ˣû뵽һΧħжͻȻӡ
ֻǣѰ̫ˣһʱ̤ϴ˵أչɱ¾
ۣ
Ƭǿݽ㱻ոѪˮ
ӴܣɻûԶͱѰնɱ
⣬ҪϾɱ
ԶĹս߽ԺȻɫ䣬Ķڲڣħɱ䣬ȫҪھ֮ĸٵ
Ҫ֪ϵͳ֮ʦڣ֮޷Ҫȡѹδ컯ͻԵԴ˷ţʵ
̾һ٣һͼı֮ļƻ͵Ҫ֮
ɱ
Ѱһ·ǰ壬ڷչֳѹս޿ƥС
ܿ죬ϻֺĽѪȡкԼĲҽкͰ˼
⣬֪ϢλսΪǿߣǰһ󷢺ڣõѪļ
ڣ
ǰѰʱΪûܳ׽ɱ
ڣѰһ̤ŵ̾أȻǶı
Ԫ̳塢ͨЩڲͬǿߣ˿ɫѿޱȡ
ǰѰһĳӣΧˣȴ뵽ֻչѪޱȵı
ۣ
ȭɨϵУһ޵߱ɱгѰһվš
ʬǣ
ۿһĻǿ߶ͷƤ飬ʶӽ»в޵߻ţҲȥ
˵֮˭Ⱦָ˭Ѱ֮У
أѰת䣬ɨЩսߣЩս߽Իж¡
֮УȷбŻˮ˼ͼûȡôǿߡ
Ͼŵĵ̣һʱǿѹ˴ıκ˴Ѻۺ졣
ǱѰ˾Ƕʱ类һˮе̰Ϩ
ãںħΪУȴֵһˡ
ৣ
˵գѰƮȻȥ
ץʱ䣬ܵɱУ򣬵ͳӦעһʱӳǡ
Сڴ˵ռȻһϡ
ǰѰС¡
˵̰£ܱѹƣҪȴѣ
νΪΪʳ
ǰѰ˴ʱһЩ޵߶Ϊ򣬿ɼ̰£ʲôӳª鶼ᷢ
ЩսУ˺⿴ɱķ
Ѱռκαˣ
ΧҲû˭Լ
ڣԼƨɺ߼ˣ
ܣ
Ѱܿ뿪תٶȣٴһ·ɨɱɽĵ̣ݿ࣬ѹһС
ҲãЩѡܾ֮ʱλڳ򣬾ԶѰ̫շתʡ˲ʱ䡣
ûãɽ֮̾رƣѪɺӣ
֮ǰͳѹСȵСҪľٶѰԲ׷Źǣ
⣬һλɽ۾ˣݿҧ飬ȱɽԣһصԸӵĴ
ܿ죬̱̤ƣǰ½̵̡
Щִ֮䣬޵ûüӵ
ټѰٶ̫죬֮أԲ֮ǰźɽ
⣬ȺöҪ衣
ɷɹųǵĽƣѹǵǸ޷ǣֻһз
ζֱ̫尾̫ĥ
˭뵽ʱ䣬˴ħ񣬾չһѪȵĴϮ
ңżƣҪѪϴײڷɹųеĸ
ֻǣѰٶȾ칻죬Ϣвǰ롣
һȵȡ
ˣɵɱ¾ǴĿģףϢ״ʱͳĵ̱Ƶ
𺧣һ˶ţΪѰٶ̫죬ɱݿֱ࣬籩֮أǿ߽Է
ɹųǳ׶
Ӿ֮ѽʱ䣬ӲѪȵս¡
޵԰ƣܹĿѰģϾֻ
󲿷޵ߵ֪Ϣʱţħǵûһ·Ƶͳĵֱ̣ħںɨ
⡭Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣܵˣעҪ䣬ܻȺۣγͳ̣
죡ĴϢ˰꣬ħһǿ𣬵ѪȾųǣ
ǿ˺εȵز
ЩϢ쫷㣬ڷɹųϯŰ
˶ڣ޵߶Ѫţеǰδеʹ죡
һʱ䣬ͳѿطɹžΪѹκȡ컯ͻԵ伫Ƿߺޱ
ѰһѪɱ¾ֱɱЩѪɺӣ˭ܲʹ죿
ۿɳȻǿ󣿡
һЩŴ̥ɲڷƲѰĿǰӵеս
Űɣ϶Ҫ֮¥ģʱһʵ
Ԥ⡣
֮¥ؿ飬ΨǰһǧʸϾž
Ȼ֮ͬԽϾž
ֻ־ڳɾ;߾콾ԣ֮ͨ¥Ͼž;
Ϊʹ⣬˶óһۡ
Ҫǧгɾ;߾ûϣ̫ãټˡ
Ҫ컯
ǧе컯޵ģÿһ磬ֻһ
УͲڴ˵컯
ʶԴԣɾ;߾Ͼž;
Ѱ񻹲ʶŻᱻ϶һǰ϶Ҫǰ֮¥ġ
ԽֻҪѰǣ޵ߣ˭֮ΪУ
ڸпʶɹųǵ졭ˣ
¾ЩǹħĵͳʱҲײȥơ

ڶҲƽ
Ⱥ˻𣬷ŭѵӴܳǵĸ޵ߣҲɫ࣬ŭӡ
һˣɱΪ˱òӳǣ
ܴ裡
˭ֻҪħ߳ǣǾעκβ
Űɣа꣬ͨϾžͨͻῪֻҪħǰǱʱ򣡡
Ԫҧгݣɱ硣
Ҳһԣֻֻ̰꣬ҪϾžħעٲ㣬ڷɹųǵı֮£
ɡҵǣ֮¥ǰһǧУ
һ̲ס
һ仰Щϵͳľǿ߽һеһ;
ħɷڣĿܻл֮¥
ڶͨϾžĵ·
ǿɻأҾͲţħڳǰǣ
Ҳ顣
һѡǾǡֱӳ
һǿͳԵġȻǳΪ߾
˾ϣ͵ڵ;ϣ˳Ϊ߾Ļᡣ
ִۣ̫أ
ħ񣡡
һ̣Щͳǿߣ˽ʹѰˡ
ΪһѪϴܵĴ̫ˣ



1162 Ͼɱ
֮¥;֮֮䣬һֵ
ֵλãһаɵĹϵ
ӵǾ֮¥Ǿ֮һĿȻ
ԭڰ½̵ĵֻ̣ڱѰռˡ
лڶͷʱѰѾС⴦С
С㿴һǷҪıѰ˵
ǰѻɽġҩ򡭡廨ŵı಻ʤ
תԡ
Ѱ˴ѪϴõսƷ
ֻҩʮ꣡
ˣһЩϡȱĺ䣬Ը缸Ѱٵ
Ŀıѻֵ֮޷
˵ǳе޵ߣʥ˼ֻ¶еѣΪ֮ۺ죡
ɴ˿ɼһʱЩƿطɹų֮ѹε˶ٱ
Ҳֵ֮٣ϸͳ᲻ϧһеɳפ֮ˡ
컯ͻԵʵ̫࣬Զɱȣ
ЩﶼѹѰС
ĽһɽЩֻ֪·ץ
̱һ˵˵Ѽıﶼ˽ȥίʵ̫ء
ѰĻСҲܿѼʮֱܹĽ֮·ṩ
ûˣ
Ѱһô౦Сȴֻô㣬Щ⡣
껨ͺˡ
СҲЩƣߵ;Ϲıʵ̫٣Ҳ̫
Ѱͷ졣
㽫һЩԼûõıóȥ޵߽жһһкйصı
ˣˣΪսҵʹҿɲΪ˵ĶͣС̧ͷɫׯࡣ
֪ѰЦˡ
ҲˣᶨѰС˼
Ѱбһһɸѡ㡢ԼʣµĴͳͳһ
СѾѰʶʼ
˴ν֮СҲ
ǡΪѪϴ˰ɣ
ѰӿĹ⣬ת뿪˵

һͥԺУһǿߡ
ǽڻӹһ٣Ҵ˿̻һ
ѾõԪʦֵĴѶ뿪ɽ磬Ψˣܸı䴦
һɫڻ䣬һλǿľ
뿪ѵˣ
һŮӷȻ
Ⱥ޷ǣã˭ħĶ֣ܹѾ
Ǿô죬˴У̫ӣо̫ӡʮ̫Ҳ֮򡣡
ֻǲ̫ͬӺʮ̫ǴĽ֮ؽ֮ҪģǾȥǻϣѷڷɹųеǡ
Ȼ󣬲ǿǸʱ򣡡
һһϿڡ
£С뿪ͥԺ
ɹųУں䶯ڴѰһѪϴжСϣۡ
ǺǣǽһֱԣǰӻħϴһλҲ뵽ħжУⲻ𣿡
ƣЩѻӵӣɱɱǰǺţǶҽˣ
ֵϣʱڽһۡ
ڻ˶ϢΨֱʶݣֻǣЩʱȴǺ޵ҧ
ɹųУ˭Ŀŵǣ
ڡ
һֻèҶǽеԴоֱֻ̫ˡ
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ڻһͳ
ûã˾֮ǰ
ΡʣԲռؼ㡣
ֻ׼һҩܹŲƵ磬ޱȡ
ҺѰĴ͹ֻ֪ͬһ֣ܱ֮׼͹ȥ
ڻ˵ִʱȥȻ֣Ｋֵľ֮˿̾ǿյֻ֮Ӱɢܡ
ô
ڻһУԼоЩԾ
Щ뿪
ϣӴ˳ˡ
ɾڴʱǾ֮ǰٿȻֳһӰͬѵȺǣ
ˣȻѰֻ֮ǰʩչϢټȫȥ
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ʮˣЩͦġ
ѰڣȻɻеζȴڻ˲
Ȼ֮ǰʮһĴˣ֮뿪ȴħ
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ûκγɣڻ˾ѡӶݡ
ϧעͽͣѰҪеĵˣĿܻٷ뿪
䣡
˵ڣս
ûκڻ˷Աɱһ
һУѰһӣĨеսۼ壬á
޵߼ˣжڲѡ
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ҲΪΣڻǵִʱ֮Եúԭ
ħ壬˭ƻõж
졣
Ѱһֱغǣɢɢʮǿ֣߳һɱ
𺧣ëʶħ˴ΣȷϾɱее
ϧǣϢй¶ˣڵʱѰȺãҲûٵ˵ټ
⵹ҲѰ֮С
ڳз
һǣṩģֻҪɿֱӽһҩ
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ħ湻ݵģһҩͣԷд޵Ϊȡ
˸пһĸĴ˻Ҷ
ڶչйصıѰԸԸ߼۹ԽԽã
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˭ѰѪϴ󣬻һ޷ľ޶Ƹ͡
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һʱ䣬ѰܾӵĵǰͥУÿ춼޵ǰеıѰнס
ÿһ޵뿪ʱԺ⣬ΪѰļ۸񣬵ȷû˵
һѰһЩ
һЩԭԥĽнʱᱻѰѹ۵޵ߣʱҲԥˣѹ׵ı˳
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ͨǵ˲˵ǵĲƸȥȫ޵߽нףֱǧУ
һ粨ڷɹų˰£ƽعƽ
޵߶ԸܵɹųǱˣȫͬ
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1163 һ֮
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Ѱķ޾Ѫݺ֮ĵ;
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ϢһΪĹŴ̥أ٣ɽٶ
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˵ˣ֮ǿֲѩ£ڴʱչ¶Ծս
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ڽעԽԽ㣬ͻƳ;֮Ĵڡ
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˵ǧκǿ߽ԿѰٻԵ컯֮أôϾžעΪԵ

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˫ۻǰ洨ǳ˳һĨζĻȣʦܣλѼȻս㣬ȥ档
ʦܵӣӰɫԲ԰ףġ
ԣȴɫһĿⲻƣԼսľӣôˣΨѡΪ֣Ϊģ
ɭȻˡ
ӵԸսԻˡ
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ɫ΢䣬ʶԼѡָǰ򵥣һµĺݽɫ
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ĺ
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ʦһŲ£ͷ­뱬ױУŽɺѪˮ
Χ߽Իɫã̫ˣֻһսȴԷݣԲ̵ķʽɱ˶ܲ
洨ڤŵڴ˽ЦЦԴ˺ܲΪȻ
սǣ͸ľ
Ѱü



1164 赶ɱˣ
ϣӲͷ飬ͷ­롣
ѪȵһĻڳˡ
Ѿǵʮ߸ˡ
̾
Ѱüͷһ塣
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Ƿʦأһվʱʱһü԰׵ϸֳһĨӴܳһӲͷ
֮¥ǰ洨һڤŵڴҲ΢΢һƶܲ죬ʱ˸Ҽվ
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ʱǿɱ⣬ãǺ
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ã洨Żعɫÿʳˮ


1165 
һݣʴ£֪ߡ
Ұããؼȡ
ѰĿĹˣԼˡ
Ǿ֮¥ڣϸһؾ
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Ѱ̧̤һ̨ףʱһɴѹ֮٣Ӱ΢΢һ١
ɫģⲽϡ
Ƚƽأͥɢ
ÿһ̨ףɢĴԲͬԽԽǿ
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˵½ʱ¹ѧԺһɽӡŲͬĺۼ
꣬ڵ֮ɽʱ͹ͥεĽ
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ŮӸһ֣ͺϣӰһɫ磬ҫ۳ʢ
һףִƾӿ֣ǧ򣬿ؼ䣬ݺύѰӰǣһ

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ٶ֮죬ȫκ޵ߵĴߣֱݡ
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һ·ϵ޵ߣļ͵ļһ
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ѰϲǣҲǴӴ˵ؿʼÿһ֣һֲͬľ۵;
Խ۵زɱ⾪졣
˽յĳִݵһʩչǿʢˡ
Ҳߵ޻֮·ƿټ깥֮֮ս˷ʤ
ư³ߣһֱ֮㣬ǿ
Щ۶ԾѰҲǴ۽磬ҴӶԾжԱĵ뷨ͬҲǳ
ս֪Ѱѵִʮʯǰ
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ʱʮλĵȡԭܵĵʮλĵ
ǰһٲУڴأ
ѰȻ̧ͷһƳʱͿߴʮʯ֮ǰһӰ
ϧΪϷƣõûһʯףֿʼһսʧԭء
ͬʱǰʯϣһӰҲ׳춯Ťͷ



1166 Ľ
ݣ崿ģԼĪʮӣʯϡ
ˮĴ۾գգΪθоЩϤ
ȻƵĶͷԭλС硣
Ҳǰʯϣ˫Сȴš
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ü֮أһơ
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޾Уڳϼʱӭ׽١Ƽ֮ˡ
ԭǳ
ѰָƽŮһɲĹŴ̥崿ģʵ͸ŹŹ֡
С磬ħɣʵ벻ɽУ˭㣬ɴǰһٵʯеǿߡ
Цģģඣˡ
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ʱչһӯӯһյ֫Ŵ˵С磬ʵҵһμʱ㵥̸һ̸Ҳ
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С磬ɱ룬ܸ֪֮ľҵѪ츳еıܡ
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գգĵ۾ͷǰľдãпܣһҪȡеġ
̬࣬ɣȴһ˿Ȼ
ЦˣָԼ״ĺɫСԸóľԸ˱㽻
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ģ崿ģ˿ɬڣʱ޾ķ¶˭ֻ¶ᱻԵߵͷԷȡ
Ѱ峺ƽһ˿ɫұ޵̰ɫﻹأ
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Ѱüǿ
˼죬Ƶػ˻֣ȲǣԺ˵ɡ
Ѱʱ˵пܣǲϣΪ˵ģ˼
˵գ̨ףء
ৣ
ӰʧʼһֶԾ
ʱϵЦһʧһּµƽ֮ɫɢϢҲѩû֮ǰġ
һǳУӿޱȵĻâ
͸ʵ͸ܿ͸Զˡૡ
һϢɫָĺ崿
ʱѰѴʮʯףӰֳ
С磬ܵǶһұ֤濼Ľ顣¶һõЦݣ˵
Ѱʼ磬Ƕһ񣬺ҸĽ޹أִҪһЩ飬ֻ˭סҲֱԣΪеˣעк³ڣԺ󡣡
һУг絶ĻΣЦЦƲΪȻ
ѰҲٶԣء
ˣһ佻̸Եúܳơ
ǣҲˡ
˫°ͣôţ۾ʱգһգŪǰѰһˡ
ʮġ
ʮ

ÿѰһ̨ףо͸ֳԼʱĳжԱȡ
գֶԱڴʱϡ
󣬳ӯӯżһ˿ɫΪֱڣѰÿһδصٶȣҪʤһ˿
⣬ΪԸ⣬ͬҲ԰쵽
ܿ죬Ѱ˵ʮ̨ǰ
ڵʮŵ̨ϵĳȻڣʮľţС֪⣿
࣬ת
ѰȴȻһУȥһ
ӨĴЦ
ѰҲЦˣƮƮ̧ϵʮŵ̨ϣɫȻ
΢΢һײ΢΢һָֻݣֻǿѰĿ⣬ѴһĨ
ѰûᣬȻ˼޷²Ҫ̫Ҫһ߿ɹ
ϧһľǾܽģΪǣɼʥɮͺڻʥ飬нɰĴ
ѰϲṰá
ϧԼΪУִѰҲٶһˣ
ûȰˡ
ѰһǰӰƿյü⣬һ̾
Ѱľᡣ
Ѱϵһľܹͬն֮ĺֵ֮һȥȡ
ΪһعĽ֮ԭӦ棬Ĩ䣬ȴ֪εԵʱ
ܹлᶴϤеĽɰء
ֻʥ˶


1167 ҵ
ʮ
ʮ塣

ʰ׶ϣѰٶԱ仺
Ϊڲϱǿÿһ磬Ǿţھ۵;Ͽɳۣ
ǣѰԵҲ򵥣ҪͣЪϣȥһ֣ȴѣ
ӵǴѰɴӲͣЪָ
ȫƾһڷҡϣ
໹ʣ֮һƴӦ㹻ˡ
ѰһоǼ㡣


ڶʮߡ
ڶʮ
ѩ׵ĳʯϣˮңңһȻʯϵӰ
ƮҷʤѩɫһĨļţһУԼһ֮ɫۡ
ʱѰͣЪϢƳȽһ˿Ǳ
˻֪ɳ֮Уܹ쵽һľУȴָ
ɽ磬ֻûһѰĶ֣
ЩΪļһ
뵽⣬ǷһĨмδɾ;ԺҲֻһȺ
ԸΪϹʱ˾
ûУ
ɱѩ޾£޾įյĥȴڽ񳯲žѣΪģһ
˶ԱȣȻὫκνС
˵ھ֮УԺ۵;ľϣЩѾȴ̤۵ǿߣѾԳʧߣ
ʱƣѰٶԽԽˣĲȴȽǹͶͦӰƲɺɽ壬ҡ
ĪеһأˮУд֮ɫԼûвһ˫ֲ֪ʱȻս
Өѩļϣֳһ棬һĹ
ֻ˭޷󣬵֮Уһɫ
ૡ
ȷЩɣѰҲһλµĹŴ̥ż佾˺ҫ۵Ĺ
ɺȻѰǣ
ˡ
ΪһľΪУĶô
ѰӰڵʮʯʱЩҡԭԸͽҲ
֮ǰںѰ̸ʱû¶κβмҲӲɵӵĶ֡
ʶЦ̣Цٻ⣬շġ
ڡ
һˣ
ΪѰ̤ݵʮʯף
κһҪ̤˵غ֮ѡ
ҪѰ㣬ʼһЪϢزϣˣһɵ漣
ʣԼоѣƴܰ쵽
ɡ
ѰĲɺȽ
Щҡԭڡ
Ҳſʼ˼ѰΪеĶ
Ϲţ֮âҲԾ£޷ڸǰɣ


ѰϢЩ΢ͷкˮ
Ѿǵڰ˲ʯˡ
ӵһǧ㿪ʼѾͣЪ˾Űپʮս
ÿһ֣ͬһ
ңԽԽǿ
ѰۺսҲļѿҪ;ƿݡ
ԭǿԽЪϢġ
Ѱûô
ڶսУѰ;ļޣ
ս
ս
ս
Ȼƣޱȣսȴڷȼգս
˿̣սʥתľ־ϣΪһ塣
㡣
㡣
Ĳ㡣

ִʯʱѰ־Ѿﵽܳܵǰδеļޣ
ԴУ죬нХսħ˻ҵÿҪը
Դ뿪庣ʼ뵽֮ѰӲƣ޲ֱ´˯
ÿһ类եɣѾ־ܹ֧ţ
ʶʼûججտңϣƾһֱڼأ
Ҫֲס𣿡
һѰӰվڵʯһ֪ΪΣĪ˿
Ų֪ʱԼһֱһֽ״̬ûʧ
˼Ƭ̣һϣιϽЪϢһ°ɣѾǲΪеģ
˵գһ̾ʶ־УѾû˺Ѱһµ˼
һԸѵеҲеһ˿ӡ
ֻǣǣѰţƻȻ
ǹ͵Ӱɽ˭޷ҡһ˿
С磬Ҷ˲αػҪôˣû𣿡Щ⡣
ΪѰҪ˼֡
źǣѰṳ̂˵ڶ̨ף
һ˲ͫһڶݣս
ڶĶ֣һδĹŴ̥ܹڶ֤ǿ
һսü࣬ѰԡѪ˺ۡ
֣֮ǰ̫󣬱;ƿݣ˿ȫƾһֱս
飡
գѰ֮֡
ľȻת񶼱ÿնã
ֻһͷ֤֮;֮ǰ
һǷˣ
ĿѰԡѪٶȶݣһֱڹעȴֱڣȴ֣޷ħļһ
˿̣ȾѪƴĿģɲһ磬͸һļµļ֮ơ
óжһĨ𺳡
ڳ˼ʱѰ̤һʯס
һӰ֣սǿκξĲԡƾס
䣡
ڴ˿̣Ѱȳһǰδеơ
飡
һӰ顣
ˣ
Ѱ̧ͷȥѰۣ֮֮⡣
ãã񷣬嫣һŵ޵ĸ߿գ˸ŲͬĹѤһɫͷ׵Ĵգ
ƶǧŰپʮŵ
ÿһŵ𣬽޵֮ƣڤѩǬ򡭡
䲻ͬȴǿޱߣ
ͨ
Ѱϥء
ʵڼֲסֱˣ泯񷣬ӿ޾١ƣʹ塢־һľС
ֻǣȴ쳣峺ѪյϣϢظһĨԺͯ㴿Цݡ
ϣǧѤöӳ졣
ҲڴʱһƵͷ쳹
ν
֣
Ѱһ̲סЦҲ֪͵شӵ΢΢̧ͷ
ɵǳ
صСʥ˵
ÿ֣͸޾顣
֪ʱѰȾѪ죬Ȼ¾Ӱƿͱ񷣬֮ƣ
е
޵
˵˵˵
˵⣬Ѱ͵һգü両ֳһĨǰδеͼᶨ
ңҵ
һһ٣紺׼ǬȻŷ
ϣһӿ֡
ԭ鲻ͬλõĶǧŰپʮŵ𣬽͵һҡҷϡ
һգһ·裬֮׷˱ܣ



1168 ׵ĵ
硣
ųǣһֺС
鱦ʥһڴ˽ϲüɫ衣
ϲʦ֣һٵǶۣ֮
Խ鱦ʥеĵλע˿ɺ
ڶ
һϮµնﺬЦҲȻһɰ⡣
԰ƵǿУΨնһ˵Ƕ
ͳе콾Ŵ̥Աѹ·⣬һ԰ıǮ
һڹУȴһĲɡ
Ծѡ
նüͷײ壬߹ȥʦã𣿡
Ծڵû¡
㻹ΪѰӵǣն
ԾһͷȷЩġ
ǧ磬ͳƿأҽ߲Ѱ¼ҹһעѡ
߾ʲôȥͳ棿
ԾѺ˽Ѱıԣ֪ǶϲκεͳͷҲʸκ
ֻǡ
һҪһʵ̫ˣ
Ծ£ûע⵽ԱնüһĨһš
ʦãüסԼݣѰ鱦ʥصĳˣնͳѵ
ԾҲԾѵѡ
һּ֡
նɫ䣬ȻЦˣ˵Щ֮֮򣬴עǹ󣬻ᱻ˶ϣ˵ɾ;߾ֻ涼ޱѡ
Ծһ˿ŭͬ棬ţѷɫκˣʦ֣Ȼǳˣڮȡ
նɫһ
ڣԾѾֱ̧һһٵ֪к޲ɱ˵ʵ̤˽ۣ֮ѰҲһ˿һ
նŭЦʦãҪ̧ΪһѰɱЩˡ˵ʵ̤֮ʱѲѰУ
ڴʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲһ˵Ϣ
ħڷɽɱķѪϴϵͳ
Ϣϲõնʱһóţ˾ɲ
ɽ飬磿
ǣϢħйأܲһˣ
նɫ͵һʱͻȻһϢһ˵ŭ⣬һ
Ծѿɹ˲һӾͱϸʡ
֪Ѱڷɽһֺ䶯£ȫ˶סˣ
⣬ȫһɱ
ϴٽһ⡭
лɱʮ
λǿߵΧ
һˣڳѪϴ
һУԵ÷˼𺳡
˵鲻ͬԾϸֳһĨ˵ķɡ
նɫѱȻ˵˲ⱺͲбϾžʱ֮գ
ԾЦúܲãһ㶼գ˵Ժ飬˭֪أڻţһñκ˶ãһЩ飬ӷɽдɢǧ磡
նߣѰԽҫۣԽӺ¿ݣܲʹ졣
ƶϣɽĴۣ֮עҲѰĪˡԾѵ
ƮƮһ仰նʹˡ
ȻʶʲôǷһĨĻȣʦãȱ˵̫磬Ϣɢֲǧ粻ͬطĵͳɶһʱ֪һ¡
Ծѵ£
Ѱӣڷɽ磡
һϻֻǣԾȴ΢΢һ䡣
Ϣɢ֮ǰע˻֪ѰǧеһС
ԾѣҲڲ֪һ㡣
ɴ˿ԤЩѰΪж֪ѰľʱѱȡһЩж
ţò˶ãǷɽ϶֣ҶЩ̲סȥˡնﾫһɨ֮ǰıơ
ԾѳĬƬ̣ҲţȥԽ࣬ľԽ࣡
նЦЦ硣

ھ֮УҪϢǼ䲻ġ
Ϊǧ֮䣬Ψ֮ͨܽ档
Ҫ֪þ֮ŲƣҪ׼һҩģ
;κκ䶯ޱȵϢɢǧ磬עһʱ̾ܰ쵽
˴ѰѪϴɹųǸϢѷһ£ſ磬Ծѡն֪
ʱѰ̤Ǵۣ֮
ն֪עǵٴƲɡ

ڤ硣
֮¥֮ۡ
˫ָϣ޳Ӱԡһ͸ԲУɢһ֮ͨ
ν
ͷͬе쳹
ǰ˿ɵտ޽ٿ裡
׵Ȼڣƽᶨ
ʮչУѶ;ԲΪš
ĬƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷԭȻУһĨƥľâ
һ񽣣飡
֮Ž飬شԿΪᣬΪãˣ޵У
һһ٣罣쳹ͷ顣
䣡
һ罣磬
УֶǧŰپʮŵ𣬿ɴʱȴ糼׷˱ܣ
ܿ죬罣ҡֱϣ飡
һ̣ǧУ֮ϵǿߣɫһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷ뿴˹ȥ
˭֮ͨУ
һѩʥŮӣɢųǵĺ㺮ӣƮȻ
ѩʥŮһλʱĹŴ̥ɲ⣬һŻ𶯡
ף
һ磬Դ̴ҶĦڭ૳оǴڵս⡣
رϣ֪׵ĵ𣬺׵һ
ţ
ɺܿ죬˾֣֮ϣһŵ׹䣬ͬʱһ³ֵĵһ
Ʋɵ
ֲǰĵԭ׵ĵѷ׷˱ܿ
һµ֣˱ܵٶȸ죬ӲóһֱͨĴ
˭
һ̣ѩʥŮҶĦڭһڸ֮۵ǿߣƾ𵴣޷򶨡
ԭ׵ĵ֣ѿƾˣ֮ơ
ʱֵһŵ𣬾ƻȻףһ·÷׷˱ܣ
ԶԶȥ׵ĵһƥĽһ·ҡ޿赲޾ơ
һ³ֵĵ͸һ޵С˫ƣͬļ¡
˭
һ̣˲ݡ
ܹ̤֮۵ǿߣԿһ֮ͬ޿ɱ⣡
ɴʱǽԱ޷ƽ
֮ϣӳǧ
ÿһŵ𣬽ԴһλڸԽеٴ֮۵ĵһˣ
ֻǣΨԼһ֮¥Ŀг𣬲ǧ
ʱֲϵǧ𣬾λڲͬǿ֮𣬵ȴиߵ֣֮


1169 ޶
𣬴һǿߵĵС
Уǲǿģֻиߵ֮֡
֮иֵǧհҫ۵ĵǧǧݵһǿߵС
ȴǸԵսǿֻǱ˴˵;֮ĶԱȡ
ɼˣ;֮ɺҪ
Ϊ֮ߵͣӰ쵽Ժĳɾ͸ߵͣ
ʶĿ֮𣬺³ֵĵԳַҡֱϣ޿ƥ֮ʱѩʥŮȾɾ޵ĹŴ̥ҶĦڭȵָľ۾ͷԶ޷Ծ޷ݣ
ţ
ͬʱѰҲע⵽׵ĵ
ףҲע⵽Ѱĵ
ڤڤעѰ˲Ͷ϶ǵһ׵ģ
ΪɢϢڸе֮࣬һֶصϡ
ϣԨ̰˻ģ

Ѱб˵âͷӿֳ޾Ĳˡ
ħ޴ڣÿ޵ߣԻִĳ£ӶΪͷһħϡ
նɱףѰִħϣ
ײħѳ
֮򣬾ǵأħѪծѪѰૣεɱơ
գɱƽ
ѰǷڲݵҲƽ
ѵȴ̫ãܻᱻӰǣ
Ȼ
ԭȥɴʱȴǣӶѰĵϡ
У˵ǰ½ʱһĻĻ
û뵽˱ԴһӤн֮ɾͣ⡣
Ʈ裬ɫȻɣľҲһ˿
ǵģֻǸеЩ⣬ûһ˿֪𶯡ɣʲôС
ѰѰѰǰŻҪѰҵľҰɣҲ۵Թն㡣
˫ָӰ罣о޵֮ɡ
ӵһѰ֣ٵ֪Ѱݣײʲôд
ΪѰǵǸӤҲ¶ѰĨ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊϴ̳裡
׵̬ȡ
޵У
̸ϡ
һӦӤΪԼ޵У
У֮ϣԣ
ǿ
ǿף
ĿһĻǿһµóĽۡ
ɣ˭ԳԽ˭ֻᱻѹһͷ
˭޷жϳġ
ڳ֮⣬˿һ³ֵĵѰġ
һ̣ѰףͬĶ
ջĿ⡣
ת
ȥ
ʼգԲٹעһۡ
Ѱԣ۴˴εߵͣױ
׶ԣҲˣ
һղ̬ȣһֱı棬ǽߵ֮ȴڤڤ֪˶ԷĴڣ

߲ע˲ע
ңܿͳˣ
䣡
׵ĵ𣬵ִߴһУס
ֻǣ˷ӦѰĵȴҡϣִߴ׵ĵУ
˲䣬עһĻÿһڴ֮۵ǿߣ¶ݣš

˭ܺϣƽɫ
ĳһλ龪ĹŴ̥ǵӵ֮˵
Щɻעдˡ
Ϊܿµı仯
һŴѰĵͻߴʧˣ
ĿһĻѩʥŮҶĦڭȵǿߣһ۾ױ𺳣ôܣ
ϸӦȷ֮ϣΨжǧپʮŵ𣬶ȱ˸ղ³ֵһ
ǰδ֮¡
Ϲʱ֮ν٣ҲӲ˼һĻ
ǧ磬ǧݴ֮۵ǧ֮ϵĵ
ɽգΪһصĵ֣һж߸ˣ
µ龰ǣ׵ĵ֮ߴҫƥ
ԭǧڣ޵Ϊ֮޵һĻ
ɵѰĵͻߴӶʧô˿̼ռ׵׵ĵ𣬷ѷˡ
һŵ𾿾˭ģ
Ϊλʧ
˾ɣе˼顣

ݰ;УƸӦʲôȻ㣬֮ϵ顣
ʧˣ
˿̣һֱȻݣ͸ž֮ףü亱ظһĨ㱡
ջĿ⣬һԲ֮ȥ
û֪һ̣ᶨɱѰͷ룬ѲѰ֮߳
۳ʱ㲻ұȥ㡣
֮߳ҫ۵⣬Ժиֳĸ֡
޶գ

û뵽һﻹˡ
ŴӴ֮һµһɽ㲻ɶҡӰɫӡ
֮ǰĿһС
ûۣ֮֮ϣǧĳ
ɼˣɸеԵ𺳡
Դݵһǧ㣬һ·ɱۣ֮һǧսʼȴͣЪһΣ
⣬һɵ漣
Գ֮Ըܹ쵽һ
ʶԡѪ˺۵Ѱʱ崿ĵԵúܸӡ
мɵ塢졢ȡ
һ㡣
пܣԥʱ֡
֪ûлᡣ
ҲµѰǷһս֮ϣڹǸ޵ڵʱ˴˳ͻġ
ϲˣС磬ɽͬУΪΣֻ˭޷ͳԽˡ
ѰӰߵǰһǿ԰סķӿ¶һõضЦݡ
㻹ΪУ
Ѱľٵ˼£Ψһ˿ʶ˵ʱһ˿ɳƺ͵ͳ
ҲնĮľȻ
ɾĻȴһЦһ˿Ȼַ˵⣬Ժ˵ɡ
Ϊ֮
Ѱ仰;ֱȥٲͷ
û֮֮ϣеı仯
Ҳûɫ𲻶ĳ
ߣ
ĿѰӰнԶɫ䣬ӱǻзһߣһ̾ĳء
֪ͬһУѰΪעǺܲǵġ
֪ͬѹѰͱ֮ǰ̤߾Ը߳һ󾳽оԵɱ
עϣã

´ݣһεĻɬѰЮ
ܹ֮ܵǰԼڵʱĵһͬ;ƿݵľ񡭡
ȫ˲ָ
ͬʱǰһڣָʱѳھ֮¥Ĵڡ
ϵһѪգѰ£һ˿ƣȡ
Ȼ嫵ڣͽ֮¥ǰ۷״̬һģһ
Ѱ֣ÿ޵ڴغ󣬽Իᾭһָ
ף֮࣬ӽҲˣ
֮߳¥Ѱǰδеƽ
һصġһǧսʶ˲ͬĵ;֤֮ҲȷһЩ飡


1170 粻ֹ
ˣ
֮¥⣬һ궯Ŀڵһʱڴ¥ⲽѰϡ
ڵ֪ѰմݵϢɹųǶ䶯֪޵߶ѻ۹
ʶѰ߳ʱͿУ޵ߵӰ飬ɽ˺
׳ۣ
ѰЩ⡣
ҲʱѰʶԼһһѳΪ޵עĽ㡣
⣬ҲԳһɡ
Ѱ˼
ֹӣðһ䣬˴δسɼΣ
׳ŵСʵ
˻һʱȫ˶䡣
ѰЦЦڵӽҺڴܹҵμ˭ܰ쵽ѰȾƣ
ȫ䶯
仰˵⣬֤ħѵǶۣ֮޿ɳԽ
ͺñȵһֻܵű˳Խ
ϲֹӣ
Խ𣬷ɽͬУֹΪ𣡡
ף糱ˮ˷쳹Ƭؼ䡣
ʱѰȥ
֮أ˭Է׷˱ܣÿһ·ɫٶһĨ;ء
գմ˳ǣ֮ͬУ˭˿ɼ
Զڤŵڵ洨ۿһĻҲΪ֮𺳣ֻɫȴԵø֮
֮ǰѰ¥ʱǲìܡ
ֻ洨Ϩ˱˼ֻʹ޳еЩˣ
Щǰѿؾ֮¥Ŀܻħͻ
ߣȥЩ赶ɱˣػĵļһһȥ
洨ҧбѵ
˵ǹʹһУ޷̡
ֻǣǵִЩ֮̾أҪһ˵ʱȴ֣Щﶼڣ
ܿ죬ǾʹЩһȥħ񸺾ˣ񼫿ܾ͵ȺħĴǰ
洨һʲô
ߣȥ
洨ϣչж

ϵĵǰ
ʱʮӰȺǣŮһǷòᣬȴĪϣ
ǣǸһҪôǾ۾ͷҪôǹŴ̥
һԾһ
ɴʱȴȺǴǰĽصȺţüż֮ɫһš
֮ǰѰ֮¥ʱ˵һ𸴣һһŰݷã
ȻѰʶǽ赶ɱˣɽۻ˼
Щʱסˡ
ǿɲˣǰӣѰһѪϴжֱӰѽһšһ˵ӵӣҲ̶á
£Ѱ˵ҪŰݷá֮βЩţ
ǿɲҲͽһһɹųǣ
ԣѰӾ֮¥߳Щͻһˡ
Ȼ˾Եúܶǵݲϣû취˭õħһأ
ʵҲƺί
ʼգǿɴûʲô޷Թۣ뿴һЩħͻˣô͡콵ˣ
ѵЩħĿ£Ҳһִ
Ȼίֻ̡
ɹųڣɵҲܵħ
ûãѰˣһĻһǷһĨͻȡ
Ҳ˵ֱԼܾӵĵȥ
ȴʮŮһӻˣ׷״
ֵѣǻö촫ƣ֮ǰΪһЩᣬõ䣬صǸˡ
֣츮ˡ
ֹӣ
һӣѰΧס
ЩｾԸߵĶ˾η֮ӣ˿̶ü˳ۣǸȻ֮ɫͷǸ
龰ѵһȥҲעΪͷβĻ⡣
洨һڤŵڵĴ˸ʱǡÿһĻһʱɴ۾
Ѱ˾ͼɵѡ
һԲͬһǸһü˳۵̬̫ˣ
赶ɱ˺𣿡ѰĿɨˣɫȻ
ЩŮɫЩڨڨ֧᲻оܺܲζɡֻܼš
ѰΪУǾ͹ֻڰжһЩСֻƲǡ
Ѱ
ǹ׶㣬ѷ
ǰϾžʱֻʣ²ʱ䣬ɲѾ˷ϡ
һ仰ЩŮԻһ亹æ֤Բ´Ρ
һ־磬ʹĻ
Ѱ֪ЩڵͷɵϾžľĻֻҪлᣬǾԲݺҧԼһڣ
̫˽Щ˵˼
Ǵʱͷ޷ǼɵԼڷɹųɱơ
һʱֱˣǾͻӽ֮ٶΪ裬עһԼ鷳ġ
ǣԼܹһֱѹסǣ
ѰٴǳϾž֮ͨǰľһΡ
һУֻһ߾ˣ

ʱƣת˲һʱȥ
ɹųԽԽ֣ÿһ죬޵߿ɹųǵľ֮¥Ͼž
֮ԻˣҲ򵥡
ǧУ˵ÿһľ֮¥УһǧϾžҪ֪ÿһ޵֪֮࣬жпᡣ
ңһЩУֲڶһУݷ̫Ϊ棬һЩСֻǰѰһᡣ
ɽ֪ѰĴڣԼһѪ飬Զˡ
룬ڤŵ֮¥飬Ҳû
Ҳ޵߲ɵ֪Ѱڴ˽ۣ֮˿ɺʱʱҲϨȥѰ鷳˼
ķƱãԺѰ޹ء
һʱƾ衰ţ֮ġġ֮Ѱ˳ĲԲز
ͻƵֻ֮һţ

һºȥ
Ѱ˳ƽͻ֮ʱ֮У߳һȺ޵ߡ
Ϊһԡںɫâе꣬һףÿһ˿϶˵ڹ绡ƥ
ߣһȺŮǹ°㽫ӵš
ңѰ
һ֣̽һץͽԶһ޵߸ץĮʵ
ڡڡ޵ŵûѰܾ֮˵˳
飡
궪Ƶģ޵˳ȥ
ɺٿȻԶǵһߣȥһС飡
ৣ
û£ӰһһɫȻƿգԶȥ
ŮˣԽϡ
ڣ
Զ޵߶һĻסɫ䣬ʲô˸ҿħ鷳
߲߲ơ
ЩǿƣһִֱӲȡжìͷָħͺľˡ
Ǻ칷ǿߣ
ϳˣסʧ


1171 Ȱ
칷ǿìͷֱָħ
Ϣһɳں䶯޵Ϊ˻Ȼ
Ǻ칷ľ۾ͷ׶
ܿ죬һףԡںɫâеݣҲʶƣСĲ
һλˣ
ǺסҶĦڭ㡢ͬһʱڵľǵһָľ۾ͷ
ֻǣ˭û뵽˭׶ôֱɱɽ磬ΪħǺ۸ģ
ȥ
вսħкϷˡ
У޵߳Ѱܾӵĵȥ

ϵĵǰ
׶һڴ㣬ԺɱƬȻɱ֮
ͬʱ޵߶֣ԶԶֻǿ׶ǵĿ⣬Զһ˿ɫ
ķɹųУ˵һ޵ߣЩеľ͹Ŵ̥ħΨˡ
һȺ칷ǿߵãմӾ֮߳ܲʣֱӾɱˣ
ԵúǿƣҲԵúԴͿ
ڲ޵߿׶˼ֱûʲô
ѰСڣ
׶ԱߵһӴȣʮ㣬ըף¡쳹ؼ䡣
ֻǣüǣ޵ߵɫúܹ죬һ궯𾪵ķӦûС
磬ЩǱ𣿡
Ȼ
׶ҲЩŹ֣ΪȻȻħڴ˳ѪϴĴˣЩ޵ǱʶΪǴ˾ԵЩ³çɡ
֪ˣΪǻҪԶȺУһһ˿⡣
󵨣
ӶʱɫĿ¶׹⡣
׶ֹסȻĳ治һȺӹµ֮ƽʲôƽûԼݡ
ɺǰĴʱҵȿ޻ԸӣڼȻ֪Ͳɽ磬Ենˣ
һƵᣬȴ͸ޱȵԸͰ⡣
ֻǣԶ˿Ŀˣͺһ׳Ƶģͬ顢ֻζ
ù׶üϱõĮͱ
Щ汻ħɱˣ
ԭ˵ħڴ˽磬ŴҴҸģǣȷҪô
Զ˿ڡ
Ϊβô
׶һһ̫ˣЩսߵķӦҲܷƵġ
ʲôʱ׶Ҫˣ
ЩĿľ֮ܣԼħҲˣڻԼˣǣֱ
ѣȰǻ˼
ȺУ̾ϢһȰļơ
ù׶Щܲˣú칷ľ۾ͷߵ˼ɵͺ£ʲôʱ˿
ǸòᶼΪҹ׶ħĶְɣ
ŭЦɫ䣬ӿſɲĺɫâˡ
ϣڳս߾˵ͷ
סˣЩҲסˡ
⻭桭
ֱѪҪץ
ûʲôɱһ˶ӣΪǲħ֣̫ˡ
ǹ׶ɱ޲ڳЩսߣ̫ɨˡ
磬Щӹ֮ƽϣƽûԼݡ
ԱߵæȰ⡣
׶ǳ鴤һ£⻰ԭղӵģû룬ڷԼˡ

Щӹ׵ļһ˰
׶һɺӿź˵ɱ⣬գҾնѰⲵͷ­Щ֮
ԣǵɫˡ
νȰȱԾˣ
ԼȰģܹ˭
׶ܲˣ͵죬һХѰ֪ߣһᣬҿһЩ
糱Ұ
޵߶Ĥ˺ѣѪڣɫá
һЩܻĸ;ɣ
˵ʵ׶ҪˣʱܹȶԴ
ûУ
һɫҲޱȣĿֱ
ҲڴʱѰأ磬ƫƫҪţ⡣
꣡
ȺУ˶̲סЦˡ
׶ŭɶоȥǱɡ
㲻ȥ㣡
׶ȣ¡һڹⱩӿ쳹֮˵ĵز
òϣ׶ǿھ۾ͷжƵǶ⣡
ֻǣжһӨѩĶٿȻǵгϣã貶Ŀ
㵲ұˡǽյľٶסͶɣ
ĮУϵĶն¡
ৣ
һӲӵǺӴӾ콵䣬硢Ѹ͡ɱ粼ը顣
ʼ׶ɫˣħΪԼס
̫
ɵڴ˿ն£ɫͱˣ˴˻еĿɲͷŭׯ档
Ϊսḻ֮ľ۾ͷ֮һ׶˲ʶħȷһУС
ϣ
ţɲһɫǹڿն𣬹ЮŴĿĺɫ֮Ӳ

ײĽֻԶܵòѪȻ
ͬʱ׶𾪸
棬ʶһնεȿֲ̺ˮɽХֱӡ޼᲻֮ơ
˲䣬͸оҪըѪӿ岻ܿƵһ£㱻¡
еĺɫǹǱնĹ̶İƿҪܲס
Ǹо类Զɽѹ
ڶն
סһѰƲ⣬䣬淺ɬܵĵơ
ã
׶ͷƤ飬һΣգԥѡܡ
ǿ
෴Ϊ۾ͷУս鼫ḻܵһʱΣա
޵ߣַֻӦûУ
ۣ
ֻǣ׶ѵһʱӦɵ͹һնĿ£ɲǼ䣬֡
ıӲնһѪܵѷ죬อشϰֱӱն
Ѫɺ̡
׶ҽУɫ˲ɷףĲҽС
Զ޵ߣ䶼ȷ׶ܿܲѰĶ֡
ɵֻǵڶ׶һָľ۾ͷͱش㱻նʱû
ħ񡭡Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ͬʱ׶ߵЩŮԵɴ۾һԽܣŵģ
֮ǰ׶ʱӦȥԮˣ
ߣ
׶ʶ֮ǰħɷѾˣøǿ
Լһʼص͹֣
ҲףΪЩսߵɫˡ
ǹӣԶħǿ
һ뵽⣬׶޲øԼһ֪ͣˣͲû𼱻ǵسҲħʵٶ֡
ϧ˿̺Ѿã
ֻӣ



1172 Ӧ
شܵһʱ뵽ӶݣȵϵķӦ޵߶еޡ
޿ɣ׶ĺǿ
źǣѰ
ն
Ӷݵͬһʱ䣬һն£𲻶û޳١
޳ն
ûܲ׽һնĺۼ
һ̫ˣΪһն̺İأίʵڻɬġ
ۣ
ͷء
Ѫ䡣
գ׶ͷʬȻء
ؼ䣬ѻȸ
žһĵķΧ
һλãָľ۾ͷˣ
ڳսɫ㱣ѪȵһĻ塣
ǺȻǣʼգǶննµģ
ӵȺ칷ǿ߼ˣҲɴ۾ݺݳ鴤оһѣ
׶ֻһܳɾ;߾Ǳһ¿õľ
ɻûüϾžȴնɱˡ
УһЩĹŴ̥;ˣԾëȻë
һն
ǣеһϢвػɣǻһնҲܵס
죬ӵ˲Ŵоѣŭļк˻
žķΧơ
ս߽γѣһղһĻֱһʰ㲻ʵ
УҲʶѰĿɲ
ʱٿӵʱĿѲֻǿһֱ
ɻ֮ǰΪҪ
ĿѣŶûκ⣬ֱѡӶݡ
ɰŶƵƵ˸ǵһһ׹䣬֮ͨͨڶ
Է
Ѫأ
ҲڴʱѰӰӵ̧߳һУϵһлһĨʧü֮ء
λԺ˲۵ĴҪȰҺ֪˭ȲҪվԸѰ
Ѱɨܣֳ
սһħǸоûɱ񫣿
ţǶɲ׷׻ͷظӦ
ˣѰֹ˹ֽ֣ؽ׶˵ʬת߽
ûãһض˵ĿζʹӴƮ˴ѡ
ħ񡭡ǰ޽ɣ
޵ߵ
һЩһȺ飬зëħУֹúѿܻᱻԵ
УѰһ߿Ž͵ĺڹȣһ˼֮ǰն
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ
⹶׶ǵ۾ͷеĶɶѰԣѲ߱в
սҲƿɳ¡
֮ǰɱˣֻһնӣ

ˮ𡢲񷡣
ִеزܲƿصļ
ߴġ򡱾Ψ̤ƿص
򣬴֮
ıΪǣ;ҲԳ
ЩѰҪǵġ
Ѱʼĥ޳ն
һն֮ºͻɬǣֻһնȴǧѰ֮ԣ֮ѽ͸
ÿһβ򣬶档
Ѱ˼⣬ܽ޳ն׳͸Ԫնİȫڻͨһеܣӳ
ѰǱľʱͬǷƱá
ϾžͨʱԽԽ֮¥еľҺͲпᡣ
ÿһ죬ǰһǧڡ
ͬҲԭλһǧڵǿߣ
Ƶ̭֮£֪ǰһǧǿߣȻǾеľǿеǿߣ
α仯ǰʮ֮λܹһѰͲ
˾̾ҲʶѰĿֲ
֮¥ľֹڷɽ磬ǧжݱš
ԤֻܹǰϾž
һǽΪߣڶ֣֮ǰһǧľ
Ͼžľעǧԣ˭̤߾˭ռƣ
෴̤߾־еľܵǰδеΣ
޵һһµжϡ
ƣħֹ۰
˳Ծط֣ڷɽͬУħ񿰳޵УһǰϾžͻգ
Щͳˣ߻½ΪͬŽб̫ܵв
ɹ¼ҹ˵ħ񣬷ǵûƵıΪڶִ࣬Ͼžʱ䴦Ʊػ˸գ
ģħˣעܻױɱģһ룬Щջ𣿿ÿһλǱ׻
Ҳ˶Ѱš
ѪĥѶɱ䣬ħҪߵ·Ҳܹϱǿԭڣ
˼

Դӹ׶һ˱ڽҲɱѰ
ɵ˵Ѱ¼Щڶǿߣֶβ뿪ˡ
ЩУѰоɳ
ʥءڡһȵȡ
Ƕ˵ѰڷɽϢʦڵظͼһѰ
ֻǣֱִɽ磬˽Ѱ⽫һʱеֱ֣ǲ͵ؾѣʶףòˡ
֮ͬУѰ޵֮ƣ˭Ըʱѡȥƴ
ϾཻڴˣץסŸؼ
Ѱƴɱ⣬ʧ˳֮Ƿһִҡ
ȡᣬֻҪɵ˭塣
ϢһĹŴ̥ͥý٣˳̤߾
һ죬ѰӾһϢڳеĽֵѸɢ䶯벻עⶼѡ
ͥԭ
Ѱǧʢϣܹ˵ս
ֻû뵽԰һĹŴ̥Ҳǧ̤˾߾
Ѿǵʮˡ
ѰĬĬ˼⣬һʱƵľ۳Ϣ½ڷš
ӵһ̤߾ĳʼİͥǧѾʮλߡ
Ѿ֪ģڰǷѾ̤˾˭Ҳ˵
ЩϢȻӰ첻ѰֻǣΪ߾ʮУһɫǹŴ̥
ǵ̣
ѰòϣЩŴ̥ȣʲôȱȱһֵ̣
ΪЩŴ̥Ϲʱ֮ǧ磬Ͼž
ھ֮˽֪ǵɱȵġ
ϸ򣬻û֮򣬾Ѿ˷еһ컯޵ǰ㣬Ҫп̽Ѱ
ϣռݾƣ
֪ϸһĹŴ̥ȻҲˡ
ż֮;޹컯ͻԵȱһңѾҪˡ
Ѱૡ
ʱʱǿҵԤУѪƵģܵԼΪѾҪ
һּ΢ĸܣģԡ



1173 Ͼžͨ
ֻǣѰû뵽ǣûϾžʱ䷴ˡ
һ죬ǧУ֮¥ʣʥ֮εĹɢ
֮¥ڣݻһͨͨ
һ죬ǧ䶯޵߷ڡ
Ӿ֮٣ٵǰϾžͨǡһʱ䡣
һ̫꣬ྪĶǵ飡
䡣
˳
𣬻Ҫ컯ͻԵ
ˡ
ӽ쿪ʼһжҪ츲صı仯
֮¥ǰһǧߡΪߣԻǰϾžȡ󡢸컯
ˣֻ̾ԵǰǻǧС
࣬Ҳڽճ׷ֿ
ڸп겻ѡ
Ͼžھľ֮أԵս̨
ˣûʸ롣
ǲࡣ
˵һε̭
ϧ
һЩڼΪ콾ŵǿߣȴûܻýϾžʸһصĴ
Ͼž콾֮ͻ֣ζţҵʸûУ
Щǿݲҵĸеܡ
֪Ψ콾ϣʸ֮Ϊġ콾
һ֮֮𣬴֮пᣬڴ˿ɼ
һ̣ǧУ֪ꡢпʧ䡢ꡢε쳹
ˣΪʹޣ
޵ߣ֡Եü߷塱顣
ཻڴˣЩʸϾžǿߣһ־Ļ
ֻΪ񳯣
ߡ
ڤ磬׵ȣ֮¥ɫž

㣬ն磬ǰС
Ͼžӡŵ컯֮أ𣿡
ѩʥŮૡ
˴ΣҵΪѹһͬ
ҰУһλòͨޱȵ͵꣬Ȼҡһ䣬һͷչ¶֮ҡڤٿȻʧ
ǧ粻ͬһλһλɾ޵Ŀ￪ʼжǰϾž
ɽУҲƵһĻ
֮¥ǰ˳ӿһҫƥǿߣһۡηĿע£߽˾֮¥
ϸ۲죬ͻᷢЩǿߣԸͳ
е۾ͷ
ҲйŴ̥
ڳ⣬һЩѽΪǿߣҲչж
Щߣֻϣִ֮¥ϿգƾܹǰϾžͨ
ħأ
ɻǣʱ򣬾ȱһѰ
Ϊݵһһ˿ѰȾĿ̫֡
ѵȥϾžˣ˿Ц
ٳħ֮˼ҵܹȵģΣ϶ҪȥϾžģ
۷׷У͵أһװĴ쳹
ѰҽһϾž㣡
䳹ǣ͸޾⡣
̧ͷȥͼϣһ꣬ɢѹǽһԪ
ڳǰѰѹ
һħ񶼻ûϾžѾζˡ
ѪծѪħϾž
ϴɾӵţ
Ͼžٲܸ㵱ͷڹĻˣ
һ࣬ڵᯡ̳塢½̵ͨһǿߣԱ䷢
һʱ䣬Ǳڷɹų֮⣬֪Ǻεȱ
ڣϾžͨǽԲ̣ǰݻ
ţ塣
ħ֮ԲڶǰϾžΪԤϻһĻ
Ǻǣס˵ĻҳʱǶȵڡ
أһЦ
ˢˢͷͼ֪ʱѰѳܾӵĹһ鿾ĺڹڴá
̬⣬Ⱥ
ˣ
һ궯û뵽ʱˣħɲɣǿƵһͿ
󣬻۳ҵȻ𣿡
ԪЦҹ˻˶Ĥ
һ仰һ̾ȷħ񻹲ֻҪϾž˭
ԤڲǰעܵЩп׷ɱ
߰ɣһ֮˵Щʲô˼
ϣȺЦջĿ⣬ѰһԾͱͨϾžͨʧ
ҲڴʱѰгԹͷ˦ֶԶ˻ֵһ£ڲ뿪ġ
˵ţӰһʧ
£ҿǵĽϾžΧʶŲ뿪ɣһֹһ
ͱߵͬѵ⣺죡Ϊǻ
ΪˣҲ˭ʸϾžġ
Ҳ˵Щڷɽ̻ԴΪݵأȥغѰٷɽеĻԵ컯
ʱѰֻҪڳһ첻ߣЩһҲҵģ
ͨʱֻһ£ҾͲţħŲߣ治ǰϾžˣ
һЩ˰Ц
ʱѾˣǰǼɵħֻ̣˭֪ħվҪ뿪ģ˭ٹ˼ɺͼɵ
οϾžУźܶ˶޲ɱħģ

ڵ죬ɽʸϾžǿߣ߰˰ˡ

ɹųУѼѰٵǰϾžӰ
ЩѽΪǿߣҲ½ӳڿգ뿪˷ɽ硣
˶ֵǣѾȥʱ䣬ѰһҲûǰϾžļ
ηˣĽϾž֮󣬻Ԥգ
ߣڵȴʲô
ϡ
һȺӰ߽˳š
ֻǣսǣЩ˾ס֪ʱǰ·ѱһ͵Ӱס
ãħ񣡡
͵أ˾С
ͬʱѰҲЦˣ֪Щ̲סҪǣǲΪѱٵˣ
ӣ
ЩӰûɳŤͷͳӡ
ֻǣѰѶ֣ʩչ½εĽɢЩӰʱǡ
һһըѪưãе
ѰһӣϵʶѪˮȫһɶƷŵһжһ
Щ޵ߣǵѰѪϴʱӳǵЩˣ
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˭Ϊ˶ԸѰ⻹ݷôǿߣ
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1178 ̤
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ڣԭ֮أһŷ貹ĵȡ


1179 漣
۳һɲѰܵһǰδеǿ
·𣬾ʴҲ޷Լ
ⲢԪӣһֳ
䣡
ڲڣں޾תѰӳյһƬ貺ʥ࣬Ȼ顣
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1180 ķϾž
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ʱˣҲܱȱڴ˵ҪǿѰૡ


1181 ڤӽ

Ѱһֲ
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ԣһ˼⣬λأ
ҲЩëڤӽ֪µĽ֮һ
Ҿʦ˵Ĳ˵̫ˣħ񼴱пܳƬֻҲ޷߳
˽Եͷ
Ƭǻһ£롣
ˣҲʱеһĪĿ־;㤣񶼿ܲס
ħᵽ񶼲ټòԤеʶ˽ϾžĴ㣿
ü
Ʋ⣬ӷɽͨ޵ߣƱضڡ
ѹȥһ£ȴûзѰټ˾Ͳòˡ
ҿҪôˣҪôǲˣ
ԣУ֪ٴѰټֻҪҳ֣עһʱܵΧˣ
̸ѰЩŮɫ¶εĳޡ
ˣǷذɣ𾳿ɲ̫ƽͷɽȫ̫ͬ೬Ĵ˽롣
ϣ°ʦ̤ɽƾһˣҲֻܱסɽʦֵǲ۸ԣҲҪʵ
°
ɽĵʥӣһ𾳣ͻԵɺ֮£һصĶһĴ컯һ̤
֮ǰ˭û뵽ģһ漣
漣һµʱƵƵϾžÿһзš
Ϊߣ֣֪ٵĺ䶯ͻȻ
дһ
ʧߣҲżʣΪ벽ֱӻɢ
УһЩһ¿õĹŴ̥ڶɾ֮ʧܣĨ
ŵĳš̺͵ȴͷҲվһգ
Ǵ棬ɲý٣
ǶѼƵһĻĻ𺳣ѾϰΪ
Ͼž֮컯Ҳ˭ģ
෴ǧ磬ϾžգҲҡ
ŵ˵ʱ̶ڷţ
ûٵ飬תˡ
Ѫȣ׻ŵıڤӽдֲǿû˼һ̽
ֻǣǻȻûвڰУһӰһȥ
ֲط˱̬ԭһ˸Ľء
Ѱǳ鴤
ǵĽ̸УѰףԼһһҹдĵطһյĽء
Ҳ֪ǸϵùǸøеˡ
ʱ
躵˴Ĺ߳鲻Խس˿·մӵ߳
пܣ治Ը˵ˡ
ͬʱѰǰҲһ⣬ģһƬƽƽԭ
ïʢҰڷҡҷ紵ŨĿ
ಣ
躵ڿն𣬳Զȥ
Ѱ˲ö룬תڱϢȥ
εƲѩ
ؼ䣬Ⱥɽççһԭʼϵ
ʱܹһӰݺԶգݹѤãһš
żо޴ݺգչ֮ƣڱ⣬֮ݡ
ϣȺڣХǺÿһ飬׺ƥϵϢĲ
_񡢻β硢˫Ѫ⦡Ĺߡһ·ϣѰжԳԾ
Ϊ֮ޣȻϹʱ
ͬʱѰ֮ܵĴɼйȵգŨޱȵ
ŵ˵ѡһطУֵϵȵĶ츣ء
ˣҲ̸⡣
ѰݵǣӦֱܹۡ׵عڴĺۼ
޼Ѱ
ʵ޵ߵ⣬Ͼž֮һڣȴܹ׵ᵽ
ɺܲ˼飡
ҲϾһϾžͻƳϣڴˣ˵أίʵ紫˵е񼣾㡣
Ѱип
һԤУڽľУץסÿһᣬԼĵ;עͻͽķԾ
ˣ
Զ躵˾¶֮ɫ
Ѱ̧ͷͼԶƽϣһɽơٴ䣬ϼգһʥ
˷ڰ۴ɽ֮ϣӳĵһܾӵľ
ಣ
ִɽǰ躵ƮȻ䡣
ɣɽ̾ĵˣһ쳬Ĵɽ㡣
ЩһﵹǺܶܣڴУ벻ѡ
Ѱип
ɽУһȺ޵ӭ˳׷׸躵˴к
ʦ֣λʦܣܵصƣ
͵أע⵽˽ֳӰѰһ
躡ŵҲһ㶣̲סͷ
ѰʱҲ㵲ѡ
ʱѰģȷʵЩǱ役ڣ˿䶼ϣѪµľ綾һʱ̻޷ˡ
ڴʱЩɽĴˣһʱûϳݡ
ѰûǣĿȵشǰɽ
߽ܷ֣ɽ֮ϣ٣ܻƵ󣬹ҷ϶УҩĴɼҷ
ЩطнɫӨ͸ϸȥǾһðҺȪۡ
ϵŨޱȵ
õطһõط
Ѱȡ
ѣ˭Ϊɽĵ̣
躵˶ü
ʼգǿɸûǱޱȣлӵļһθġ
ɽĵǾûط
ѰջĿ⣬΢΢һЦ¶һѩ׵ݡ
Ȼ̲סϸѰʲô˼Ҳġ
ֻǡ
˳ģҲѰ϶£
˺ܹĸоһЦ
ԣħ񣡡͵أ˾ϸϣϳѰݣ͵شг


1182 ɽ
ħ
ħڳ˽һɫ䡣
գһӱš
ѰɨˣǲһֱˣΪȴӭ
躵˴ǳ鴤ӭɱʴˣ
ʱҲϳѰݣɫ𾪱
˭Ҳû뵽Ѱٽһʱħȴһ̬֡
⡭
ӻòͷˣ
˶̲סˣЦ
ǰħ񣬻ƣĿȫǣлӰ㣬ƣôôЦ
ҳϣ˵ĵȷʵǴûˣ˳ƣС
Ц
躵ȼǿ߶üѰǸоЩԾȴ˵ﲻԾ
ΪѰϢȫټģܲңҲ֪ʲôĵط
Ѱ΢΢һЦָǰɽӽԺ󣬴˵عˣ͹ԹԹ˳ңԺڿҩ˲衢ˮʲôģҪ֡
һȺȻдŭһﶼ˵ģ˴Բѣռǵĵ̣
ħòΪ⻹ڷɽɣſڣѰǲǷˡ
ѰЦʲô𣿡
̸ʱһֱڸӦִɽ£ʮؽƣܲһ㡣
ҲˣԶԶ̸в
ɱ㣡
һٰ಻סɫڣһȣһϼѰ

Ȼ˺ۣ役ڵѰֻһָͽһ
һɫ鵶ɺ޹ƶɣޱȣڣȴһˡ
˽Ծɫ΢䡣
˵ֻҪǳҿһѰڵɨˡ
ŭħδҲ̫ˣ
£
磬ɢƣһƵʢޱȡ
ħڷɽʱڳУҵȵȷκβ㣬ڡ㻹Ǹҹ°ɣ
躺ԸһץճѰͷ­ȥ
һָ죬ŷĿ֮⣬ǿߵķɡ
˶ܣѰĿ綢һˡ
飡
ֻǣѰǣ˿һץ֮ȴڰ;кȻ飬ͷ׵Ĺɢ
㡭
ͫȻһʶڡ
ɾڴʱѰҲˣͬһưȹ£ٸ˵
Գ棬һ£躽߾ȫֿɽһײ˾ͳܲסˣڱѪ
ͨһ͹ǣ涼ҳӣ̳
ɵۣò
躿һλ۳˵֣δ̤һս֮ǿɲСɱκ´ڡ
ڡ
ȴһĹˣ
ѰüѰȴ̫ˣûʲôֵӵġ
ǰѰκǿ߶Źɻûнƾʵ֮ɱ
̤Ҳ֪ս˷츲صı仯ɾжǿҲûһĸ
ʶ֮ǰЩأʱûе
ˣɫûֵӵıҪ
ͬΪߣԼ֮
Ŵԣڵϵɫ䣬죬һ֣Ѿˣ
ѲĿܻᵡˡ
ΪΣ˭ûһȣһںڴ󸫣ɱ
һ֮£׼ҡ
ͬʱҲһˣѰл
ѰǸе𾪣ȴ壬ΪҲ
ңѰ˺ۣһƬشǳʱҲûʲô
ƾǣѵԸһ˵ħ
ϧǶһ֪
ѰҲˣӰһƾԭʧ
֮ϣκ־ڵ
ѰԪ᯵ΧʱҲ޵ֿ֮
ڡ
һжͬˣ
ɲǼ䣬Ӿ޸Ŀ꣬ͱѰһȭҷ˾޸Ǳ飬ɳȥݺɽϡ
ԳԾУȫԸԿ
ϧǷӦ죬ѰǸ죬죬Ӱɡ
һݣز
һֱӱŤϲԪûüӣͺʬ
ܣ
Դ£Ҫ֪ǿɶȴ޸֮㣬Եòһ
˵ǣԶЩǿߣû£۾ɵúܴһԲŵģ
ղţǻЦѰΪѰ·òͷˡ
ȴ飬⧲֮£ˣɵˣûɳ
̤ˣ
˿̣ڸҶ϶ǿ˺ҵħ񣬺ֹǳˣһһλ֮
򣬶ϲܻ˿ֲս
ҲΨˣܽ˿չֳսǿ

˻Ӳð
ڷɽ磬ħ־ʱӵѪϴսָ̤жֲ
ۣ
˾ʱѰͶһһ֮
޿赲
죬ȥԮ
˻۾ˡ
ףΪѰ̬ˣһģ
ǲֻӴܣɽ֮ȥ
ۣ
Ҳɱ鱩͹һȻʵģ
Σ
ѰԣҲɱ׹ûʲô
ѪŨѪɽǰ
Ѱ˫ָɽ֮ϣߣʬһأˣҲ̶á
ɽϣ𣬼ɹ
죬°ʦ֣ħɱˣͷɢɫ֣ſǻ
ħ񣿡
ɽһɽǿȻһʱǿһֱڿѰħټⲻǺ
ʦãᱻųģ
һħѣڷɽҲֻܹڳбϾžɱ練ƣ
һм
ݶڶ£żͷ󺹣˵ˡ
ôˣü
ʱҲЩԾ
䣡
ڴʱɽ𶯣ɽϵĽҡҡ׹ƿҪŲס
ã
ɽϣ˺Ȼ󣬾ˣҲѺУпܱɱ
¡
ֻǣ˷ӦһĺУ⸲ɽµѱ顣
һͼɢƹ꣬ɷѤúҫۡ
ͬʱһӰӹ߳Ӱͦ㣬ݣɽˮͥŲ
˻
ɽϴ˷һɽ˽ڣɫò
ȷǱ嵽ˣ
һȴͬ裬ƵⱾԵ̫¡
ɾ֮ˡ
Ҳڴʱ˵˴˻ľȫе
˵˶̱ǣһ겻ģ
ȫš



1183 _Դʯ
ߣ
ף
Ǿֵ겻ģٵɽ֮Ƶ
ٵʱⱾʹŴ桢ζĸ֣һϵеĳŭΰ㣬ɽЩǿ߽סľ
Ҳ֮ţѹֵ˴
ԭԸΪѰмˣС
ԭѰţԾ;ϲˡ
˿̣סѼӣɴһ⧲±Ƶģ
ѰĿɨһۣͱɽһطһƤѣ쳣ϡ
ͺͺ֦ͷϣֻһѩɵİɫ٣ϼ磬һð⣬䣬Ƣ
һۣѰҲеޡ
ɣһľĻ٣ע䲻
ⲻܣ񣬽ٴξ٣ֻС˶ɹΪ֮ԲҰܣ޶
͵أ˳ڣǳɹʧܣûһħģ
һ꣬ɫŭ޷һС
Ⱥ궯ɲ
Ǿħôǿ
ѰջĿ⣬΢ЦҸղɽ˵ĻֻҪǳ˵ؾͿԱⷢܶѪȡ
£ŭȣ룡
飡
ѰӰδȴӿһͷ󤣬̿նβޣͷ­飬еѪȱŽһء
У궯־£ħ񾹸޼ɵɱˣûǷУ
ѰͲ°ʦַʱĨ𣡡
ɫ࣬Ŀѡ
ԣѰһȻģֲֳô󶯾ֻЩèԭǸʲô°ڴ˵ء
è
ɽ˽Ըеޱ߷ߺŭ
ǾͱˡѰȻ
׼֣ѵ
ɫɬ͸һֲʣͳҵȡԸ⳼
ʦ֣
˽ɫԽܡ
һȻɣ
޷ƽ
ΪɽˣȴвȣѹƵòӺͳ˭ģ
Īĳ裡
¡
Ѱƽ
֣Ӷ̲סҪߣѳħҪ
ħ̫
Ѱ಻סԹС
飡
ѰһӣһƬӳĨ嶼û£ҽƮ
㡭
˶߷ߵ£Ҳֵ¡
Ѱ˫ָ䣬ɨˣȻ͸һӣΪҲ֪еĴ㣬޷ʱ̣°ǡ
˻һɫһ׽ӣĬ
Ҹǻᣬڴ˵ص°ء
ѰȻڴ֮ǰù˳㣬Ȼ°أֻҲȲǣ
ͨ
գȹ£ɫ
˼ˣĵ֧Ҳ½򵹡
Ѱǹ裬ԭĴ㣬Ǿκһ˿󻼵ġ
էȫϤ˽ϢʶղŻЩһ
ңڴһЩмʱҲʹЩˣӶΪԼʡʱ䡣
ȻѰܳڴ˵أ뿪ʱԻЩɽһá
ɱǷţͿǱˡ

Ӻ
Ѱ˽⵽ɽ_
ԭǰ_ĵ̣°һɽǿ߸ռˡ
ɽǧŰɣɽƶ㣬۰˷
磬ѿѵһϵȶ츣ء
ɰЩɽ˵˵УƵġء̸ĴɼҲԲ
һЩ_ɽ㡢ġءġ񼣡͡
ֻȵطĿ٣ѱռ
_ɽʢһΪ𡱵ģ֮ͺѾ
ɽ˽˵ذռ󣬾һֱڿɡ𡱡
ͬʱɽϻȻġȪһڣʳȪˮſžӨ飬趼ҪԹǿ衣
ˣ_ɽϻҩƷﵽ֮
֮һءռݣͻһ컯Ҳûʲô
Ѱģɽ֮һ
°ʦԣһ_ľĻ٣ò˶ãͻ_
ɫ䣬ǿͣ˵_һζҩ
ҩ
ͨ񣬿Ŀ֮
磬һҩļֵ󣬼֮ҲֻЩϵͳУܹ˵١
ҩļֵС͹о֮⣬ǿ߶ɳʱܹ𵽲˼á
Ȼ˥ߣ˴ֻҪ̷һҩͿ˲ָػ
µ޵ߣǸ޷ҩһʳܲסҩԻٵС
Ѱ_ǰһѩĻ٣Ҳ⶯ѡ
˻ȭͷСԣŹѩϼ⣬ÿһƬ꣬ӡ·ܵĵƣ籡ķ㡣
ϸȥǱϼֵĻڣԼһСУһУһֱׯϵʥ֮У
ĳΡ
ٳ죬ʵʱС֮ͨ
ҰѰжϣ಻һ£һš_ͻ죬ɹߢ
ѰԣԺУҩͻΪƷҩݳƷ
_ľһ࣬޽һʯݡ
Ѱ˼°֮ذɣ
ɫ䣬˵ͷ
ĺܱŤ͵ֿеޱȵ裬ȴò˳ӣĶһĥ
Ѱûƿʯݴš
ʱһŨޱȵĹڳԼ侹ܻ֮
þ˵
ѰһŲʯھ
Уͼռ䲻󣬵ȴʵʵŨУȪˮƵġ
͸Ѱſ壬Ȼһĵɫʯ⻬羵һ󣬸Ժ嫡ʥ֮С
ǹ꣬Ǵ⵭ɫʯԴԴϵӿ
Դʯ
һۣѰжϳҲһ
֮Ϻܹܳ۳Դʯȴ֮٣
ҲֻԭʼУ˵
νԭʼǴʱһֱӴ񣬳޾Ϣ
磬ԭʼ˵ûУ٣ȻһЩϵͳӵУ
˵أԺҵ֮
Ѱ˵ذռˣϧǣԭʼԴʯ޷Ųơ
ѰԲ⽫ߣ
ɫ𲻶оɥԸӵĵزֹ_ˣԴʯҲռ
°ʦַأ֪ᱻʲôģ


1184 ս
ˣ°ȥˣ
ѰȻʵ
һкȻһħǵ°ʦɱ
Ҳһ壡
뵽⣬һǰʦѳǰս֮أҪг콾Ĳԣ
ս
Ѱϸ˵ϾžУÿһڽƵһս
Ψսǰвԣӵ콾ʸ
Ҳ콾񣿡Ѱ
ǰ˽УΨ־еľʸȥ콾֮ϡ
Ѱ⣬۵һ˿ײĲмħ鶼֪
ľмѰȴòش
ڴ˴ξ֮ǰ콾ֻϹʱֹΣʱ򣬿ɸֹһ
ʶܹ콾ǿߣֻ־еľ
һͬһǰδеĴ֮ҲҲȫͬ
񣬷ֲϾžеǿ߶콾ǰһӵоʵ
ŵĽͣѰŻȻ
ûãű뿪Ѱʼޡ
ǡڤӽءյһһҹļѪõľ綾δ⡣

ϥǵɫԴʯϣ˲䣬Ѱȶ糤Ӱ㳯Լӿ
༳ȡͿɽ
˲ãڴһգɵֵһ֮ˡ
ѰипϾžиأ磬ͳѺᡣ
𾳣ȴ

ٰܿ꽫ѰûһڴԨڷ
˺ʯڣĺ׼쳹
Ҳȫͬ
ʱѰһһֵ֮־ʱһʱ
ۿɼѰƺ;綾һȥԾ˵ٶ޸š
ˣ֣ʥ顣

翴ȥѰڵʯݣһ޴ת˷һ۶ͻᱻ丵βʣû
¡¡
תо˵ĺ쳹ꡣ
һǿʱĶ
ɽλãһɽ˻ۡ
̧ͷɽλãɫޱȣ͸Թޡʡͷŭ
ԭɽĵ̣ȴħռˣһӣ䵱ūͣ
βޣ
ʦ֣°ʦ־ʱܹ̲סѯ
ҲĿ⿴ӡ
Ӣߣԣһ˼⣬Ӧòᳬ¡
£
˶Щסˣֻǳ콾ƺغķôðɣ
£Ƕ°ΪΨһľǣȻͲ°ܹһʱ䷵ء
˳콾ʦֻҪǰݷãһ¡
ӢĿ
ʲô£̲סʡ
ֻܸǣºһӡµ컯йأ˳ɣǺôɾ̫ˡ
Ӣ˵⣬Ҳȡ
ɫֱ䣬λĪҪļһЩӣ°ʦ³ɷ֮գħ֮ʱ
˽ԵͷѲپɥ;֪°һ᷵صģ
ڴʱٿȻѰǵĮƽǾһʲô˵ȥڿٸ͵ֻ¾ٵȲǵʦˡ
˻̺š֮𡱵İ壬һ쳹ӢܵòѪǰֱðǡ
ɶ
ɫʱޱȣ޵ҧ顣
סײ
Ӣһˣǰһɽȥ
ڿ
ʵȥھɽ̺𡱵Ŀʯ
ֻǣЩʯɼȡȻǿߣѺЩʯֻһؽп䡣
ңֲʱæڳĿʯֻ֥Сһ
֮һ
ǰӢڿҲ࣬ھͲһˣǱūۣڳıҲýѰ̫ˡ
ɽˣȴΪūȥǱЦɡ
סڲһ𣬾ͱҲ
Ѱһ쬵ģӢǰһڣòѪ
һ
ǿģڵĴָСһ飬Ѿոˡ
˭ҵһ
ư
ұ嶯̣š
ӢæȰ⣬ʧ顣
һˣ

ϾžɾŴɡ
𾳱֮һ
ˣпˮǬ쾳ؾ羳ɽ󾳡׾м˴󾳡
ÿһһ磬˴˳ʾŹ
УΨм⣬ֱ뾳Ԣⱻ˵ĺ֮ء
ңмڰ
Ҳھ֮ٵĵھֲ꣬ڵǿߣлм
ҲζţǧϾžǿߣ񶼷ֲڳм֮İ˴ڣ
ɴ˿֪ÿһ۵ǿߺǺε֮࣬Ҳעпޱȡ
°Դ˾ͺ
ʱһ޴ʯǰ
ʯžɣͨ񷣬֮ͨڣӡŤͼڡ
ÿһͼڳֳľԲͬɽӡ㣬ҲвãµĹ⾰
ŹϡʥϢ
ʯǰ죬ȻС֮С
⣬ս
ÿһڣһƵս
Ψͨս֮飬콾Ŀܣ
ʱֹ°սʮӰŮϢԼǿʢ
ǣһ
̤˿°ȴò͵͵
Ϊڳǿߣûһ̤Ĵڣ
һЩ˵ϢҪǿ°ܵһԵѹȡ
Ųһʱ䣬ֶô
°һ̾еЩء
ǰֻģطעиľڣ
δȻһδľȴƵƵ֣ǿǰˡ
°ԭԸڣȴΨнϾžͰˡ
ҪһھɱһѪ·뾡ս
Ҫս;ȥ̽ѰͶȡЩӡµ컯
ˣ·
µѣ뿪ʱǰһ𡣡
أһڶ°̧ۿȥͼԶطһӲӵӰɢŰİۡ
һ̫ӡ磡
ǽ̫ɵĵܵܣѾѰɱ磬ѳɾ;
ңУĴΪǿĴУнһ
ߣŮԲͬľߡ
°һͷӦ
֪Ҫ̸飬Ժһӡŵ컯йأ



1185 
ûã°ǰвԡ
ֻǣԽȴһûΣ
Ҳζţս޷콾ǰһ
°˫ȭȻգһƽеĲת뿪ս
ԶѵȺ
٣ϾžŸտʼһʱ֮㲻ʲô
οܹ콾ϵǿߣҲ޼
ЩˣѽյĴ򡯵زʼ֮·
°һǷΨյ֮콾ϣ
⵹ڣһЩ䳬ľߣȻûյ֮Ҳкܴϣϡ
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ԣԲ¶һĨ죬һ˿ײĽͼɵ
ھʮѾܲˡ
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ҲԣϾžſһµʱ䣬ʱ֮㲻ʲô
Ժһʱÿߵʵ콾ʱ
߰ɣλҲΪǡڤӽеһ컯ܽգҵȽϣ콾ߵΣ
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ȥⱻˡ°ʳ
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°һΪԼˣ㵵ʦãǲǡˣ
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ɽʯݣ°֮أħܳǣ
ûħǣ
Ӣ˹ҧгݣһߵֹռʦ֮أвڿЩɵɶһˣ
ʲô
°ǰһ󷢺ڣеϲõȻ޴棬͵ʶԼղһв²⣬ƺǴġ
Լ뿪ʱ䣬_ɽ̫ƽģ
Уħһִɱǰλʦֵܣ_ɽռȡ¹򳼷
˱ߣ͸޾ͺ⡣
°׻ĸоǲ̫ƽϳ˸ռˣ
Եķŭӿͷˣôлɽڣһ־Сɫܰ쵽һѵͲȥֹ
ɬʦˣħѾɾ֮ˡ
֮
һ°Դ˵һǰһ󷢺ڣ⡭ôܣ
ףղţʦֵܣǻӭԼأȺȴˣ
⣬ͽˡ
Σѿ㵡ŭɽХӿ°ͷѪ
뿪죬ôһжˣ
°۾һӶˣͷɽʯݣ̲סѰ
ըףأնҡ
ŭˣ޵ץ
ҽʲôٵɽϵҩݣⲻ𡣻ǣʲôȥڿ󣡡
ʯУѰӰⲽ˫ָһɴɽ˵̬°˽кǳ⡣
°Ѫĳ嶯ˣһ
ֱ̫



1186 ƾ㣬Ҳƾۣ
Ѱ̥ǣֹ޸Ҳһõ͹̡
˿̵Ӱͦ㣬ɽۣ֮䣬ǳ֮ơ
Դʯĺô
еŨޱȣԴʯУ죬ֵµУ
ħͷ㻹Բѣ治֪ôд𣿡
Ӣ˽Էŭѵ
°ѷأҵĹǣĵͺڴ˿̶ˡ
̫ʧˣѡ񳼷͵ΪūΪ͵ľ򣬿ڣȴѵΪ̫ʴˣ
Ѱһ̾
ʴȣ
ӢǺ޵ҧ飬Щ죬Ǳڿܾ裬⣬Ҳʴȣ
ħ񣬿ɸһս
ವһ°ڿն𣬰ۣӿɱͷ
ʱ䣬ɫ䣬ҡ
ƣڴ˿̾֡
кβң
Ѱ̤ƣٿȻڿնͦӰƺɺĹ¾ɽ
ʦ֣һҪ飡
ɽϣ˼УѰĿⶼԹ֮ɫ
ģһúѿ
°һɫ䣬һһ٣͸ǵصɱ
ৣ
˲䣬Ӱʧԭء
磬ȥӰ
ѰȻһӰʶһܡ

һƥķһжѰһƷ˿һգ粼㱻иһֱѷ졣
ÿٶȣ
ѰȻսŷ
̤һͬս
ѰҲڴ˾֮УֿɿԵз
ৣৣৣ
ת˲֮УεķУ磬ȥ٣ǧǬϯƺ
ϣһĿĵѷ֣ݺύ˷Ʋ㣬˺ֽм
ʼգֻԼ°Ӱȣһţ޷׽
ֹǿ죬֮
żзӳضһɼľ޴֣ʯ顣
ѰУʱ籩УҰããĲķС
Уһֱܣͼ°Ӱ
ֻǣ°ٶȼֱǾףӰƮ֡
㱼䣬·˷Ӱϸȥ׽ȴֻһӰ

磬ڣ޿ײ롣
ʱ治
ʱɷɽ籩
ɣ°ľ۵;磬ҡ١

ȻѰܣɻᱻ˺ѿ
ӢУֻ۾ãֻܿ쵽ǷС°Ӱ
ѰУŲתƣȴαΧ޷
ǿܣ˻Ϊ°Ȳ
ʹ죡ʵʹ죬ʦֱֵйĪ֮ʧɫ
ֻģħ̫׾ͱɱˣ
ϣ°ҲڴЦѰͬΪ֮Ϊ㾳֮òṳ֮̂ɣ
ԭо裬Ͼ־ʱѰӵԺͬս˵ǿޱȣսȻ̫
룬ȴ㲻ԼӰ޷

һ֮յزѰĲֻһ˿֮Σ
ѰɫȴȻ
ʼգȷʱҲżᱻˡ
òϣٶϣ°ȷ԰ƣѷ֡
Ⲣͱѹˣ
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һӺ̽Ѱ̬ȣ°оԴӡ֤ľ۵;
̫ȻˣΪֱҲңѰЦη̡
ʱӢһ㶣ȷʵֱѰ䱻סǱȴûܵκʵ˺
ԵЩԾˡ
ͬʱ°ɫһͣЦҾʶʶʲôо
䣡
δ£ȻٿȻѣÿһнԻ籩
ǧ籩ӿ֣ʮն˺ѣǵһĻҪض顢Ϊޣ
Ǽɲһ°ɱﵣȻֻԶԶţӢ˸ܵһԵĴֲ
·궼Ҫ֮˺㣬۾ʹĸо
Ǿ̾ܣһ£ħεֵƱػᱻ˺Ϊĩɣ
ѰȻһԥӰ͵һչһȭ
һȭһ֣Ǭ续Ȼݣǧûȭڡ
Ȼ䣬ֳѡߵ֮
飡
һ籩ȭӲƿɢĹϤƬײ档
⡭
ԿܵӢ˻һɫ䣬ôܣ
֮ǰħһ̬֮ʼնûл֮
ڣһ˹ֲ֮
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ͷ·ʱѰſʼԼս֮ǰһֱԼĹ
ɱ
°ХǬɽ֮һ쫷磬޷Ӱ
ѰѲٱڴ˿̿ʼ

ڿգѰӳĵԦ󣬻תգͻͶա
춯صȭÿһȭ޼᲻ݣﲻ̣
صķ籩˿ȴֽȫǿɲȭû
飡
⧲֮£°屻һȭɨС
һ˲ɱħֺ֮ݺһʹѵڱǶѪ
㡭ŭɫࡣ
ɲ˵ڣͲòȫܣת¡
ˣ°һġȫѹƵĸоԻǬȭԵﲻơ
飡
Ƭ̼ѣѲ֪ȭУƤǶܲסദֱѵļܵƵƵѪ
ܣ
Ӣ˳ɫˣ𺧾ס
˿У°һڴԨеĵݣ˷ȭɽХҪû
һУԵ÷˼
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ӢԴ£ֽű
ǷζţѰŸû
ܣͬΪۣΪսǿ󣿡ϣ°ˣͷɢףȭӡҲѡ
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ͷ·ԷһΡɽԼһֻںɽϣԵúСͲ԰ף
°ȫ޷ܡ
Ϊ̤߾˵ͬҲӵԲκζֵĵ̡
룬ȴħ֮ȫѹˣ
ৣ
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һʯ㣬ѵҳһӣضһ£̳
ƾ㣬ҲƾۣѰ߿ոӣȻ



1187 úڿ
ƾ㣬Ҳƾۣ
һ仰ƽˮȴ쳹˶ϡ
̧ȥ߿ϣһӰȻƣ飬֮ɡ
ϣ°Ӱڴг鴤Ƶģòײżѵ̧ͷǱףմҳ
ĿԹ˻ħɸҵƿص֮һս
ȻܺأԲʣ޷ܣ
ǣȻﱾԵúܿЦ
ܾǰˣϣһ߿һۣϧʧܵûУԣ˹ʺ˻ô컯ע̤Ͼ
ѰԴ⣬ȴ絶ݺݲ°УնŤ
ֻȻ䡣
ѰĮˡ
°ɫ䣬żеֻҪһΣҿԸ㹻Ĳ
͵ο°Ÿ̤Ŵõǰ̣ľʹ
_ɽϣӢɫ״ˣ°ĲҰܣɶϾϣ
ѰĿˣϵĶȻҵսƷֺ벹
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ѰŶһ˵
ڤӽڣһͨ¸ɿݺӵӵ֮£һӡµż
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ݿɿϢżƺ͡ڤԴйأڲ컯
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Ѱһ˿ɫ˸ոսʱͱ͵ޱȵڤӽС
ֻȴû뵽ǵͷĹط֮컯
ңͨ°ĽͣѰ˽⵽˴жɽһľ̫ټжĽǾ
ԭѰԴ˸̸ʲôȤǺڤӽǺεȿֲһ
֪жЩУк塢š½̵һĴʱѰʱĶˡ
ûˣڷɽʱЩ֮ĳԹ
ѰѯһЩ⣬°һһʮشԵúϡ
ŹΣҿԳ棬һ뵽˴жУ
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ڴʱѰЦˣ䣬°ãһ𣿡
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Խ룬ľԽֺ
ʲôȥڿ󣿡
ԶѰĺȳ
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Źˣ
ֱѰӰʧɽʯУӢǲڸţһжģ
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Ϊ󣬾͸ûаҵȷаɣ
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УҪ棬Ҫôѡ񳼷ΪĸӹҪôٶһ
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ҡ
Ӣˣ˵Ŀȫ۽Ҫָһ·
˰죬ձĸ֣úڿ󣡡
һ㶣չ
ظ㳤˿ԣúڿΨˣħֳԼļֵɣ
ûгɣ̾ж
ɽһڴ֪һУֻ·Ѫɡ
ܹϾžѾ֤ӢǵǿͲڡ
ȴ䵽ֻܿڿԼֵĵز
⣬䱯䲻ң
ѰûЩС¡
ǰǧͨϾžͨѾʧֱڣϸһֱ
ıԣǽϾžֻڳ֪ٷ粨ˡ
ֱڣѰҲû˵κκϸйصϢ
ѵһҲԼһ͵ڤӽأУ
Ѱü
а³ҲͬѰЩġ
ʯ⣬_һѩ٣¾ͻῪ
ѰѾһζҩʱ뿪_ɽȥ򴳵һ
һǴ̽һЩϢ˳һЩϳˣһ塢½̵ȵȡ
֮Ǳ뾡콫ز
ѰһϥԴʯϣʼĲ
ͨ°ĶԾѰʶΨеܽ׷ӳ
תı


1188 ̫а
ʮ
Ѱʯǰ_֦ͷϹŵΨһһ仨١
ѾŴ룬תǺӰԣһƵɼ
͸ĹϼԼԿһСϥа㣬о
Ѱ񣬻ǵһμҩо˵Ĳͨӵ顣
ԶУѰЦ
Դ°ӢԳԣͶ֮⣬
ֱڣΪѰھ˽ʮ
磬ʥ˴ѡ
ϾϡȱϣֿԳ䵱ʥĸϣֵޱȡ
ûж룬Ѱ߻ʯݡ
ʮʱѾˮ֮˵ز֮ҲҪͻơ
ѰִϽѾãټϡ֮ĸͻƱ˳֮¡
ȴִһһǿ죬ҲѰࡣ
ѰҲż壬һһεˮĥżҲûá

_ɽԶһƬɽУȻһȺӰ
ʦ֣Ǿ_ɽеһСء±̲һԭʼɽϻܻҩ
һĿƣһ˿̰ζ
ʮǰҾѾ̽ռݴɽɽˣֻһ°ľ򡣡
˵ƾڵȫԸԽɽ
˻һ˽Ŀ¶һĨ֮ɫ
磬ڵĵ̲ɽ
εǣֱȴռһܾ֮ء
ԭܼ򵥣ССءϰٸ󸣵ءɶѱͬĴռݡ
ǰռЩ󸣵ءһһ̿ɲ
Щڴ㣬ͱ뾡⣬ڽ˾ʱעᱻࡣ
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֮ǰһʳƵˣһգۣһʮĸħ˭Ĵơ
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ˮɫױˣ۹̫ĸ֪У޷ֱѰϢжʧ
ټ֮ǰͬĵ֤_ɽֻ°һ̤ʶΪѰֻһѰ֮
˭룬ʧжϣȴһ̤۾ĺˣ
սת˲
޷ܣˮ侪ȴţչֳһλ߱ˮ׼
Хգڣսת¡
ֻǣƬ̣ͳܲסѰȫѹס϶ദˣѪ䡣
ģȴ
ˮŭӣԼ۾ʲôʱ򣬾߾Уһλˣ
Щڴ˴˿̶ɵۣ𺧶²ڣԴ£Ҳû뵽һɽжŸտʼˮͱѹסֳʧܵļ󡭡
Ҳ̫аˣֱһ



1189 
ۣ
ɫսһѪˮŽ
һϱۺնɡ
ˮʹ˻УӰˣɫɷޱȡ
ȻԡѪŵؿѰ綢һë
㡭㾿˭
ˮͬΪȴȫѹƣЩ¡
Ӣȥ°ʱ°Ҳһ޷ܡŵģ
ৣ
ѰӰһɫսǧɳɫ⣬ҫۡ
䣡
ˮֽУԥˡ
ˣ
Уͷɣĸת⣬Ķͷֻʣ硣
ˮ罬Ӳǡ
ػɣһ˿ԻᱻԼɫսˣ
ϣЩڴ˶ɵۣǡ
ôˣѰЦЦ
ˮѵĭɬսƥ顣
ϣ
Ѱһɫս˶Է֪߲α㡣
ˮһ㶣û뵽Ѱ˵ðŷӦ
¶һĨɫл¿лᣬػᱨɱ֮
Դϡ
Ӣ˼ˣӣǶѰޱȵļɵη壬ɴʱȴȻһ˿塣
˽ħ޼ɣײƥ
˽ͻ֣ᷢԹֻɱɱ֮ˣɱ޹Ĳб
°ˣӢǶţõ֤
ȻΪˣӢǶòϣħһֶص˭޷ָ͹ڦƷС
Щ˽԰˿ˮûбɱǶеޱȵҡ
Ͳˣλǿ_ɽϡѰڵ
ˮһɫ䣺Ǻ⣿
Ѱ֪ԷˣЦҪɱ㣬붯С
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񻹲Ѱٵ֮أļ٣ַܹʽפ_ɽϣǽϲ⡣
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Ѱħ񣡡
ˮĿֹ࣬
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ڴżҲ뿪ǰ̽Ѱ컯ͻԵ
ӢҲĶڴ˻ˣҲһж
ԴˣѰδֹֻҪǱ֤ÿ춼һ飬û˼ȥᡣ
ʱһȥ
ˣѪͻƵƵеΪɽأеԵ컯ʱ֡
ĵͳС̲߱ǿǿ
У֮ĶԾҲо鴫
֮𾳺ңпᡢѪȵÿ춼ݡ
_ɽҲɱܵ
֮ǰڴһһЩӵСܾӵءĴ½_ɽע⡣
Ѱˮб_ɽһδεĹУռ
ЩĴˣһͷѪʧء
Ķӣֱӱһ˵
һʱѰеľѳˣ
ͬҲкһѡ˳˳_ɽܵĴȴڵĴҪһЩ
һУΪһʱУ̸ֺܲºͣҲ˺_ɽá
һڳ׺ѰͬһսϣѰҲԲǡ
¼ѰҲֻҸɽѰš
ҳϣԶԶȲɽڵġ
Ѱᣬ˴öѡ
ԷΪڷĴɡÿЩȡһЩĺҩ
ֱڣ_ɽϵٲȻѳһѸǰð
ңսѰ_ɽϢҲʼдСĲ

˭ħ񾹲Բ̤߾ˣ
ڷɽʱһͺһǣѪϴ˲ٴ񣬸λѱɱֱײеĲ
ãħһֱ̻_ɽֻ»ң
Ƶۣ𾳲ͬš
Ҳ޷ֻһ֪Ѱڽ𾳺¼
ɽ
кպ󸣵ء֮һ
Ͼžտɽͱһռĸܹ
̫ӣħˣ
һ죬һϢɽڴĽھ̫֪
𡭡
ӿŽɫĻ棬ޱȡ
ֻǣ˽⵽Ѱ_ɽ飬ɫʱһĬ
ħ񣬾ѽ
û뵽ġ
ԭĴ㣬ҪѰûнǰͽɱģɺȻ˱ʡ
䵱˵°Ѱɱʱӿһ˵
ռƻٹ죬ͻ°һھһǰǡڤӽء̽ѰһĴԵ
˭룬°ȴѾˡ
̫ӣ塢ڡ½̵ĵǰݷã˵Ҫһ̴¡
ʱ

һĨâȻ𣬴֮߳ء
һ޽ɽ̻Ի͡
У߰λŮڵȺһ纣ɢļµϢ
ǷֱԸľǿߡ
λħˣ
һ߽ֱӿڡ
ϣ˲δȣֻǵͷҵΪ¶
˲䣬ףΪħĳ֣õЩסˡ
˴ǰݷԼֻ¾ΪԸħ
Ȼһ˱࿪ڡ
СҲ֪ʲô컯ΪˣңѾλͬС
λҲֶ֪β̺رҵȲȡһЩжֻ·ᱻһһš
ҵȴҪһ£ζԸӣ
š
ãһһĨȻҲգɱħǰڤӽҲ٣
˽ԵͷвԼͬһ
ħΪⱾκ˼ɵ
пɿϢ֤һʱ½λС
˭Ҳͼɵ
ˣǲŻ磬ҪȺ֮һɱѰ


1190 ϲ콵
ʯУѰеУɫ
ڣһȭͷСתõǹ⣬˱ǡ
ϸ͸ӨıƤϣһصĵߣŤƵģ졣
һһʮ㡣
_
һζҩ
ѰԺвǰ˹ʱ龰
ͺͺ̸_ľϣһƬƬŹ糱ˮ
ľȼ˻ҽΨһȭͷС_գȡ
ԭͨ飬ݿնӣȴѱԴѰ£ӡ
ǰѰɾûһζҩ㣬ӵԡ
Ѱһ
ûκǿ߻ҩУѰҲ˱顣
ҲΨڶɳʱҩܹӳá
£
ѰŶͿˮѵȺǡ
˳_ɽϵЩԽԽˣ˽¾һ𣬼ҪԤıʲô顣
ˮһԥڡ
ѰЦЦ֪
_ɽɽ˺ڴˣפ
Щ֮Թ˳޷ǽѰ˿ɽͶϺЧ
˵ѰʱҪȥԸû˻
ˣҲˣöѣ̸ʲôӰ졣
Ļ̥ͼı죬Ѱ޷̵ġ
֣㡭ôˮ̲סʡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣Ȼҵĵˣڵ֪Ҿ_ɽϵϢǷǰɱң
ˮһɵӦáɣ
ѰҡͷӦãһᣬЩעİͬЩ˲ͬ᲻ʡ
ˮһͷˮѰͻȻ̸ˡ
𣬾;ԲܱĵȴζֻõռȨռơ
Ѱ˻һˮΪȻ
Ϳܳʤ
עҪ
ѾһˣһʱҵЩӦö֪ҵټ
Ѱ䣬ԹԵ˵ǵǵţȥǵĵһ⣿
ˮĬˡ
ѾѰѴ뿪_ɽȥЩˡ
Ҫæ𣿡
ˮһʵ
Ѱһ˿Ц⣬аԼûˮ
ʱѡ֧ԼҪܴġ
أ˳̫һ֮㹻ˡ
Ѱڵ
УȻֳʮϵͳ֡
ÿһϵͳǾް԰Ĵڣʥǿ˱ǣѰػĴǷ
ھʹЩɽĴһ뿪ɣ뿪_ɽע̫ƽⱻ粨С
Ѱڵ
ˮһ𣬶˵ͷ
_ɽѰפɽϵȻٲҲֻ̺͵ͷ
һѰ뿪ЩעΪ_ɽƿȨ֣
ʱȱжģȻںɽĴˡ
Щӣлչˣ
ˮ֣ɫȻ
֮͡
ѰһЦ֮
԰һʱҲܰһϾž𣬹ףÿʵ


_ɽɽǹ˳ܾ֮ء
Ӧ֣ÿһ죬ħԽʮһҩħ񵹺ãֻɾˣЩص
Ӧ֣ҿȫȡħ֮_ɽƿ֣
Ӧ֣ûħֻںɽԼˣǣֻǱ̰ķˣ
Ӧֻ֣Ҫͷҵȷģһһ𣬽ħɱ_ɽ
һȺ˻һò䲻ͬȴǿʢ
ʱǽĿⶼһϡ
꼡𪣬üݰףǣһλŵ
֪ݵĶ֪ӦһһλŴ̥ӦУºͣȴб
ħķУһڷ絲ĶΪҪ俳أ
Ӧ˹ڣһͬõǴ
_ɽǻûе쵽ĿŵȥͼıɱѰ顣
Ӧ֣ԲӣħǿǱǻɱͬγ壬ϾħУɻҺΪУ
˷׷׿ڡ
Ӧһ۾ͿЩһԶѴĬ͵Լͷͬˡ
ʱԼ⣬߷ô϶⵽ЩĲ¼ɺ͵жԣ
뵽⣬Ӧгħ񣬱ȳˮ˿ħʵ֧ߡ
һ仰ѱ̬ȡ
üԸһĨϲɫӦм룬߾λԲħ
ºܼ򵥣ˮʱѡᣬȫԽ֪ػɱ
ɭȻ
ãô졣
ĬãӦһĨȻͷӦ
ֻǣڵϣϢˮеڴ˺ɽһ뿪_ɽ
ңˣ
Ӧе˽һЩ⧲
ѵһѾԾħһֱӿˣ
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ħҲ뿪ˣ
ұʾȥܲٻ
ϲѶӦжЩ£ļٵģǶ֣һˣ
⡭
̫ʵ˰ɣ
ħһߣзЩᣬϾһʱ䣬ɰǵֵ˲Σա
꣬ȴ͸Ϸʿζ
ߣֻ˵ħã򣬵ȴֻ¾ˣ
Ц
һǰɽۣѰ֮ǰܾӵʯݣϸ۲죬ȷħӦõȷٻˣ
Ϊʯпյģһ޷ƶԴʯû¡
ңɽ۸ҩеҩģҲȡһգ
ħǹݵģ߶һʣҼǵҩп߰ҩûˡ
˸еۣɫ
ЩһһߣԺ_ɽǵˣϲ£úúһ²Ŷԣ
üɫ裬ϲޱȡ
ԣһ£
Ĵ˻һʹƣЦ̣ա
ֻǣһ֮ĹϵҲ΢
ħȷˣ_ɽĸƿأ
Դʯڵʯݣָ˭ӵУ
Щĸֻ¶İˡ
ǴЩ⣬峿һޱȵ_ɽ
ˣˣǡǱΧˣ
㣬峿ա
в_ɽ£
ߣҵҪĸ۵
ʱˣӦеȾ½߳
ֻǣ_ɽ龰ʱӶֱˣµҲҲ̫˰ɣ


1191 ֳ
_ɽ˷һȺһȺ޵ߵӰΧ
ÿһȺ޵ߣоɱ֮˵طɫ䣬ضһƬ
ɽŴǽһǿߣǹ°ӵΪ׵Ľھ̫硣
򣬷ֱڡ塢½̡ȵǿߡ
ʮھĴ£һ_ɽΧµˮйͨ
ƣκ˾
ôô
_ɽϣӦеͫһ׻ģֽŶ
ǰѰˮ˲Ÿ뿪ӦǲѴ֮ƿ_ɽ
ԭһϲ£Ļ泩ٲȻʼ_ɽ˵Ծˡ
룬_ɽͱΧˣ
ңʮһֻǾ߶ʮ
ֱӦǲ
ħ񣬶ʱˣ𣿡
翪ˣ緢Ӳӵģ޳ǣİɡ
羪ףҰ
ԭΪħ
Ӧǽ԰һæһѣħѾǰ뿪˵Ѿˡ
ƨҵǰʱѴЩһﶼѳ䵱ħĹӣھڲǣ浱ǰ׳𣿡
Ǳߣһ뷢ŭţȡ
ӦǱɫһһףջֻס͵ѣᣬҵȿɴӲͶħ񡭡
죡
Ǳߣһ齣ŮɫͶħ񣬶ܵıӻ
˵ɫҲ䣬ŭЩһǵʲôˣúŪС
ӦǶ޳ôЩһﶼͣǿûͶħ񰡣
λѣҵȾڲƭ˼˵ʵħӵĿ죬ҵҲѶֽˡ
ӦһڣԴϡ
ֻǣԽͣɫԽоԷǵ̣
ŵĻѻܵóֱ޷̡
ϻǣҵȴûŹеκˣ
Ĵӱȣɱ¶ȻħԸ棬ҵȾ̤ƽɽ˵أ
ӦǳˣÿҪѪᣬﶼʲô°͵£ʺҲ£ʺˣ
ˣ˵棬Щڤ粻飬ҵսپƽ˵أ
ɫ磬ޱȣһ֣Χڴ˿Ļ
ಣ
˷һͷƣһ㣬Ƭصնݡ
ɱ
ƽɽ
ЩħĹӣǵ׳ڲƭ붼ɱˣ
˷ıУȺ
ɲǼ䣬ǵصĹѤ貵󣬳_ɽϯȥ
һĻ̫ף
Ӧǵɫһ˲ɷף׹ߣ⻹ô
Īأһ붼Ѱħڣ϶ɣ
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λֻƴһɱΧˣ
ӦҲŭ˻
ɱ
ɱһһ
۾ҲˣǶΣޱȣ˭ҵʩչʼƴˡ
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ϸԣӦһΪѪɱ
ϧʱǽͣҲעûˡ
һյʱ
ѪͿ_ɽɽ嶼˴룬ʯ䡢ľ۶ϣɽϵҩģܵƻ
ԭһ羻иأתۼ䣬ȴĿ꣬Ѫ
սӦе˷һҴ棡
ˣҲһ˵
Ǵƺƴ󣬾ʮԭҪѰ_ɽġ
ʶȻӳ죡
ȫӦеˣߣҲɣһλɱҲˡ
ϾӦеҲΪһ֮£ɵɱҲС
϶ԣһ̵ĽѾܲѶ
ֻǣȴһҲ˲
ѰĲڣ
ѱ_ɽȷûѰټɫһڣƵòѪ
ǴҪĿĿǻɱѰ
룬˴ĴۣȴֻɱһȺӣѲ֪ʲôʱѾˡ
ѵѵǸղŲûڲƭǣ૿ڣɫޱȡ
һĬ
Ҳʶһսһ涼ЩҲסˡ
ħҲ߯ƻˣ
˺޵ֱҧ̡
ڸô죿
̲סʡ
˵ĿҲ硣
ʦڶȴֳһѪȵĴۣȥߵͷȴӰӶûҵ⡭
Ҳ̫ˣ
ٵȵȣħֻ֪_ɽѵϢ󣬿϶᷵ġ
һǿ԰ĵĿѪ嶯⣬ɳ֣ȥ̽ϢһΣԲ޹
˵ͷҲֻˣ޹֪ͬЩΪһЦɣ
ֻǣħ񾿾ȥ
֪

ʱѰվһƻᣬΡãɽǰ
ɽ֮ϣڣش䣬ԶԶȥһҹǳٲ
ɽ绢ؼĹû
һɬĽϣڱ̽޷ɽеľ徰
ɼˣǵȷǷѿƾˡ
õط
ѰһĨɫ
ǰϣ뿪_ɽڡɽĴ˸𣬶·
շתУһ·ɽˮδ̽ȷЩ̾ĵط
ǰɽзǣǽһĵ̣
ûãѰջĿ⣬ɽϵĽѱƳƽ֮޷赲Ĳ
վס˵ҽһ̣ʲôģ
ɽǰǿڿأѰһʱʡ
ǲϵңѰʡ
һ͵صɴһģƲţǽһ֮ǵļһͻȻ
㡭㲻_ɽ
һɵʵ
Ҳ¡
Ҫ֪˴Ǿ̫ټʮƺƵɱȥ_ɽΪľһħ
ڣħȴȻǵϣ
ʲô
˵ʵ
ȻǱ𡣡
Ѱ΢΢һЦ
ۣ
䣬һӣɽǰЩǿ߶ܣ㱻һƬʢĵĨɱ
˫ָȽݣ̤ɽš
ˣ
ɽȻ
ֻǣѰͥŲʼգǿɲĽ赲
󵨣˭ôɽ
·ϣ˱ȳ
ѰҲû¶Ȼһͷ󤣬׸壬һھͽ̵̵һֻСƵɡ


1192 
ɽ֮ۡ
۴αȣ޽ģÿһԱһ̾ᣬμ
ɽָġ󸣵ء֮һϾž˵ؾһֱһռ
ֱ񣬷ǵܺѡ˹˳һΪӹ
һɽۺ𾳽У֮ͥߣָ֮
ϧ˴ξ̫뿪ʱ룬ҵɽϣзҵȵҲȥһħ񡣡
һ̾
û취ڶ࣬ҵȶ뿪ɽ϶ס
Աߣһ׷Ů˹˵
λҵȼɽϣ͵Ӿ̫ɽЩҩ
һ뷢׵ӳ
ἰҩڳ˽ԲԼͬؽĿ⿴ͬһ
һұϴµٲٲʳģȻΪҺ
ٲ·һˮ̶С
ÿһ֦īںڣѩ
һһף㣬һ壬תʥࡢĴꡣ
ȫҺ۶ɵٲһҰ㴹䣬׹ˮ̶ͱԴԴϵû

綼Ѿһֿҩ
һҩУƷѵá
̷ֹǿߵŲɹ棬򣬾ֱƿһһִ
֮֮ǣ־γ֮򣬼֮ǿ

ܽƿأܹںϳһͨ
̫
ֱָ̫رʵһϢ޾İء
ɴˣ֪Ƿ£ˮ̶еֵ֮ε֮
˴νھ̫뿪ǰ¾ػɽףȷҩһʧ
ǻꡢ׷ŮӡӵˣĴڣԲͬĴ
ƾĸǰɽֻ¶һͷѪ
̫˵ʱͻߢеóΪһֽҵȡ
ĿȣһҲȡҵȿޱȲҪ˾̫ӵС
׷ŮЦ֮Աǣҵ˵أĸΨһҪɵģҲֻһͳիʥ̡̫֮һڵȼ
իǸռһ󸣵أޱʤգǶϲܺΪеģһ㵹صġ
ڵ
𾳣ܹΪĴҲֻнһի̡̫һڵȵ
ԣޱʤգ֮䣬Ƕϲܲͻġ
ְܾ˵Ľ֣û٣
ˣ˹ˡ
˻һӲֻ˹
ӵ˽һ˲ѡʱ
ĸ
׷Ůӳɱڣ쳹ڷɽۡ
Щǡһˣ
ǺӲ
һΪˣһ˶ɽǷǴòͷѰģ
ߣȥ
չж
˼ҵҪǺηʥһа壡
Ҳ½ɫ䵭ɱ֡

䣡
Ѱɽƣ;ǿ߷֣׷׽עͽ͡
û˷κһ˿ѸͶ磬ɱ䣬ƶУ;һصʬѪ
ͨ˳ȾǰС
ҽССвԭ⾻ķɽģɹ
¡
ڿգѩ׵Ĵÿһߣػѹ;Ķ֣屬飬Ѫ
ٿһȺǿ֣߳ɫ࣬ŭޱȣѰС
ˡ
ɽϵ󷢹⣬תɬɲĻ𲨶Լ䣬нںգصľֳ
һµ󣬸һת޾׵ڣĴ棬Ѱ䡣
ǾУѳԵעҪꡣ
ЩѰעͽ͡
Ϊʦɽ֮ǰͿƴİأĿܻᱻˡ
䣡
˲䣬һӣӡڿն֣һ֮ȥ
ͬʱӰ˸úűȭŷɱȫ촷ۡ
һͷͷͼĽڣûӦͱѰǰһȭһͷɱ걬顣
䣡
ӡ£ݺݺ˴ĸ󶼾Ұζ
ݴһȺǿ߽ԺȻǺεǿսУУ
ħ񣡡ڣϳѰݣʧг
ôܣ̫ǲȥɱΪλɫ䣬š
䣡
һѰħӴһгתˡ
ã
Щ߽Աˣɽһرͼܻǿޱȡ
˭룬ѣͱħּƿˣ
Ѱʱѳٳ֣Ƶȭӿ͸ķ
ЩȻܣܶܵˣϺܿһһ߲ʬ壬
ΪɶѰԣĺ߹Ҳûʲô𣬶ػ̫ܽ¾
ɽ𶯣ϲҵķΧ
ڴˣѰûκһ˿
ӵɽʱ˽⵽һھڽɱ_ɽΪľԼ
ѰҲЩңǾ£ǰ찲ںɽĴ뿪_ɽ
򣬴˴עѡ
룬Ѱ֪ԼȻڷ_ɽֻҲĿȫǡ
Ȼ_ɽϵѰٲԼ϶ὫŭйЩͷϡ
ԴˣѰһ㶼ΣĻ̥ȻѣԺҲᱻԼϴ
ɱҵĵ̣Ҿһһٵǵܾӵأ
Ѱ˿̵뷨
ɱ
˱ȣһƬɺķϼʢĿƥԳԶѰߵ
Ȼоˣ
Ѱܣȭӳһ죬ɢ̶İ
ͬʱꡢ׷ŮӵȾ
ħ񣬾㣿
Ǿţ޷󣬾̫ȫɱĿ꣬᲻_ɽǵĵ̡
̫⣡
Ϊβң
Ѱʡ
˵ʱ󲽶ϣȻӰǧ⣬ݷĴԨһھ
Ȼˣͱȥˣ
׷Ůһ俪ڣһףһѩӳ˵һ𵴿գѰն¡
ҲʶЩ죬ѹ˲ö룬׷׳
֮Ҫնͻأħ񣬷򣬷ɽ


1193 ѪȾɽ
λԲͬĴ˳ڽһ¡
ȷѰݺ󣬰׷Ůȳ֣һնѰ
Ҳһ
֮ǰǾŹѰ¼֪ڽ𾳵һʱ䣬նɱλߣսǿ
ʶһ֣ǽԺޱ
䣡
ʱ䣬˵糱ӿ
龰ԶһЩǿ߶ԶԶܿҿ

ÿһӵѹѰǿսУֹ
˵ľ磬̫ķͲ²⡣
񻹲ܹȷǿ󵽺εȵز
Ϊ˾δУδڴ˴δٺ󣬲ĳ֣
Ȼʥˣע˽⡣
޿ɣܹɹٶģһͬһ콾
˿̣λһǵ֮һ𱬷֪εȿֲ
ȹ£ħܵס
Զ˽Խע
ৣ
˵ʱʱ죬ƿննѰͷ­
Ѱ磬ǰ̬ܣΨǰ۳һöĽ֡
һΣֻһͷޡ
ͬͬʵĻɢſɲϢ۸ǵľצУһöӲãĴӡ
ݺ£
㱼䣬˶һָо·һͷԶʱնմӡѹһа
ѵһ񽣱ӡײ߰ѹڵء
׷ŮؿڷƣܷɣܵòѪ
ɫ䣬ХʶħȻ紫ǰ㣬ǿ֮뵱ͷȴԴ
¡
ͬʱѰѳȺУԵǿƵһͿ
ǱΧһڹȺ
ͼɽХɢһ֣˷
еĽ֣󤣬α飬ת棬к£նᣬ⼫֮
еģսףֱײ
еĻΣһ߹٣ڳХڣɲʮ
ˣչǬ
⥳ֱ¯¯г̳ûǳ
ţ̤ǿգβ񵶡
³죬һεصĴ
ǧɸߴ˻ըס
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ȼҶԾУһ׵Ļȱ
֮
ŭݣţǣѪʳ
ȻνУˣ
һ࣬һݸӲҽУ۰򱻱еı鶳ֱţβҵС
ۣ
һ첲ֱӱնϣѪҺᣬδ䡣
ܣǿ󣿡
ͬΪۣΪǿȵز
仯˸ֹɵĿûͻӵĲ״Բͷ
ν棬ǽԵһܵѰǿ
֮ԾںһͨɽԿһ޷֮С
Ƕš
Ҫ֪ǿɶҲۣвƿسĴڡ
߸һ֣޷κζԷ˵Էˣ̫ˡ
λ־ʱ޵֮ˣ̤ҵٲȫԸǽǸ𣡡
׷Ůɫѿҧ
ѣ˶ʶƲԣ׽ѰͷŴжԴ
䣡
սɲˣض޹⣬ֲɢÿһзɽ󺣵Ļ֮
治޽ǣ˵ػʲôӡ
̻ڷɽǿ߼ˣڣɪɪеޱȵľ塣
һЩ̤ȴ;Եǿߣ˿̶ʧ롣
ͬΪΪ֣ۡرľ룡
ɱ
׷ŮǶȫԸ磬£ԻٵһǳأһƬɽӣ
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˿̵תȻһˣȴԨݺأ
ÿһȭǬ־
űޣŲתƣչͨƵһй
ԶԶȥиĪ֮ˣ
Ѱĵ
ԼԵ컯֤٣̤һǰδеļ֮·
_ɽܾӾ޵һ£Ѱֹ͹Ϊ磬ˮִ֮
Ҫ֪ڻɱ°ʱѰ֮գʹݿսʤԷ
ʱյսѷʵɱ䣬ͻɱ°ʱѲͬն
Ըľ֮࣬ɶѰԣѹУҲ˶ѡ
öС
䣡
Ƭ̺Ѱһ壬ȭŷʮããޱߡ
˿Ѫȭɨ壬ĵˡ
꣡
׷Ůӵ񽣱ҶκվظȻѣΪꡣ
ԶȻŵļУţȺΧħɲ
һѰһ壬ֱⷭӽӽһŽ̤ڵء
㡭
ӴУɻδȷӦѰżֱⷢѿ̤࣬ü֮ҡ
һλУ
ëȻͷƤ飬һ̤һλƣֱ
ɱ
ǳױ̼۾ˣȫʼƴ
Ҳƾۣ
ѰһĨмٱ
̽Щֵĵ̣˵ʵ֮࣬һ˿ʧ
˶ԾԾӣǲǶԾ۶ֵ

һ˾ִУѰ䲻߬ס룬Ѫɽܸߡ
󣬴ʬ廯ԭΣһֻ˶ɫ𳡣
Ѱһһײϵһ仰Ī𳣬һ𳶥ż˵ѵޱȵļζ
ಣ
һӣźۼɫ
һòỹҪԵλһľ֮ɣԶɵۣð
ǶħֹӴθҲܴԹʹ⣬Թ⡭
񣬾ȻҪɫˣ
ûã׷ŮӱɱŤ˲һ˾š
⣬ѾѰеĵλˣ
Ѱǣ׷ŮӾһͷ𾦺ףƯѰһζƷʳġ
̧һУͽĿ⿴ʣµĸаҲ֪ЩһĸȺġ
Щ类ѰѪֶ壬εѣ˿̱ѰǹĿⶢţֱëĶӵĳ嶯
ʵϣսʱ⡣
ѰٶɱʱǻһԣֱŤͷӣɽ۴ȥ
νɢˣĻɵƴҲѡӱܡ
ֻǹ˳һȫûΪ丶ľ


1194 ǿ
λߣڼս½
ʣ˲սӣ
ɽϣֲĸǿ߼ˣԾʧ룬Ӵ
߶Ѱ֮У˭Ҷ
˼ʣУѰٲȻսʤ޵֮ţκĺ

ѰӰƾʧһ̣ѳһӶݵľȭŷ޼᲻ݡ
ǾһӢǷ֮꣬ǰԸ˿ȴ¶̶ƴеֿ
ת˲䣬ͱѰɱȭǣ嶼飬Ѫɡ
Ӱ
ɽϣңǿ޵ɹľ
֮ǰ̾λڴ˵ľߣЩ½ɽЩǿȫˡ
û
ħ񾡹Ȼһˣȴкȫ֮˭У
ǶȻǾֻ̫¶ѹסħˡ

ѰһָţһȼյǺչ
һſǳȼУ̺Ļ֮Ҳȫͬ
¡
Զһϸ߿գֻӶݵľߣȳ뿪ɽķΧ˾ͱһƬǺû
ǺǷȼȻը˲ܲɳܵشʵĲҽ䣬Ƥͷչ⣬
ţ
ԭѰ׷һӶݵľߣɵע⵽ǻӵټʱʱ͸ı⡣
ಣ
һ˲ʧԭء
ǵһѡӶݵģֻӶݵķɽ⣬ɽۡ
ʱɽһһȪٲǰ
ٲ·һˮ̶ҡҷУתʥλá
һִһӣһƬϼϯͳˮ̶еֶȥ
ֻǣͬʱˮ̶ȻֳһɲĽɢ
¡
ϼ飬ǽƲǻܼʱͱС
磬ڴ˵زн󣡡
ɫһܻʶ缴뿪ʼҲûŹЩ˳

ѰˣһĨɫҲ𵴣Ѿҩ˵
ʱˮ̶֮ȴ
Ҳַɽ󸣵ءȻ㣬컯ɡ
ಣ
Ӻԥˡ
ԭѰɱɾ޷ܡ
ڣȡһӻңʧȥߵľʱòѪ
ȻˣôʱѰѱɱ
ʣӱɱʵضˮ̶еĺ⣬ͷϡ
Ϊڻӿһﰵв½ƣ赲ԼȡĲԼȫлѣ
ϧҲá
ŻӱУλߣֻһѡ
Ѱȥ׷ɱĿⶢˮ̶е
Ƭ̺
ˮ̶ܵĽƱѰ˳Ƶ˳ѰС
дҩһͨ
Ѱ
ŵȣھŵ֮ϣоʮͨ
УӡһȴִںϣɱΪһͨ
̫
˵ϹʱͱֱرԴһŲ˼á
ѰҲûе飬չжʼɨɽ
Ϊָġ󸣵ء֮һɽ컯ͻԵȫѰ
УһƽɣһӲӵƮ㣬ͬһζҩ
ɽϪ֮ϣһҩԣʣҩڣûŨͷ
ҩʮ꣡
ˣϡȱĵĿʯʵȪ
ЩȫѰɨһա
ɽϸǿߣ̻ɥ֮ȮӴܣҲˮ㣬ȡһʺôߡ
̰ʧȥߵĻᣬѰɴػɱ޳С
ֱѰɽۣ˵һԭڲͬ
ѰִʱЩȥ¥գһƬǽ壬²ɢıɴ඼ѺѰۡ
ˣѰնĶ࣬ƱĸɫģҲƺõĸɫҩͱ
Ȼ඼ѰòϵģҲֵˡ
ţ
Ѱ׼ǿյĽһڵĹ뿪ʱȻע⵽ǽһŻ
ĳ߳һ߿ѾܾãѷƳ¾ɣ߲
ϣһӰǿ֮ϣ̬Уһִңڵɢζ
Уͣ·һƺƵǺӣȺ˸
ǿ֮ϣ
ѰЩоɣɻȴƾף𺳡
۹Ž˭ɶǿϣһǺ֮ǰ
ңѡڵȣָôﵽεȾ磬ܹӵУ
Ѱ۾һӱ񱻴
ֻǣϸʱȴһӰֻ¶һҼģ
ͬУͶߡ
ͼ֮⣬ѵԸϹ
Ѱһʶ̽УиӦ
ֻȴջ񣬷·Ǽ򵥵һͼ
ѰüаͼƷ㱻ڴˣ˵һҲͼвʲôܡ
ΪԼоЩԾ
ѰĿ⿴һϥǿϵӰϣϸӺʹ
㱼䣬оһ˿Ϥĸо

͵أѰԺһķѶһͭ顣
ͭ⼣߲ϱ߿һһţϣ̬У졣
׾ʴЩģȴһѹ
ѹ󣬷·ǵʱܻ
Ŀ⣬Ĳӳ¸¸֮İأ·̲
⣬ǡţͼ
Ѱ类칷׷ɱòɽҰС
ڴ˹УֻĴһһͷѪ˭룬Ѫ֪ͼһ׭Сţͼͭ顣
Ѱǵã̽Ѱ˽⵽ͭһ޵С
Чʥǿձ˰ǰϹĴ֮һ֮档
ɿѰǧ꣬ҲóԸձ
ͭ飬Ǳ޵ĴڣԵɺ֮£ѪõԼС
ҲˣѰƲ⡰ţͼӦǺϹĴ֮һġ֮桱йأ
ʱѰͭóһԱȣʱ֣ͭţĵߣ͡ǿաϵӰͬһˣ
ͼȻ򵥣
Ѱ𶯡
Ȼķȣͼ⼣߲ͭ飬˿̾תһϢӿǡǿաͼС
ʱ˵һĻ֣ԭƶ¾ɵĻڴ˿һʥĹ
Уǿ֮ϵӰȻһˬʴЦ˼޾µȴڵԵˣˣԸϹ
˵ţһеͣͼǺƵǺУһ貵ǳ


1195 ָ
ৣ
ѰӦʱ䣬УӰһ˦ͣһǳͳӳ
һ̣Ѱֻʶ˵һҪը㣬һɲӶӴĴ
ͬʱһ糱ˮӿͷ
ָ
С
һɲǴһָת컯
ģһָߣģ޿ɿ
Զ죬һָȳԶ޿ɶܣ

ãѰм𾪳⡣
ʶһ֮ϣרΪ̤㳤߶׼ľУ
ֻУȴ޾Ув˼֮ͨܣ
ѰһȻ̧ͷͼǷƳ¾ɵĻѻָӰǿ֮ϣһ·ղŵһֻǻþ
Ѱ֪һжģ
ָ
ܣԢһԲȱ⾳
һһεĳȻơ
һУɲǴڴ֮һָԵ߸Ǭתγİ֮ƣѹ֣
ڶУΪģȻҲԷ޷Լֺ
һơΪΡķֶΣȴΪ;ˡ
룬֮ģܿ
УԶ죬ƾڶԶĵطҲûһָ޷ִģ
Уݹ׷һ壬̺֮УѰΪ֮ݡ
ãѰŴӼ侲
ĿⶢһƳ¾ɵĹŻѰѴжϳһλţĵ
Уͨ
ȴҪԵ
ղŷһĻĻԼеġţͼԼ֮䣬ˡָС
ԸϹӦԵϹŶԡ
ѰૣλǰһΪ˵ȴһλԵ˰ɡ
ǿ֮ϣԵ
㳬Ȼңȣ۹ŽмӵУ
λţĵߣ˭
ѰȻսһ⼣߲ͭ顣
ԤУһԼлȥѰǡ֮桱ʱ֪ܵߵݡ
Ѱһ¡
һǿմͼǽһģ
գѰ̧֣һŻ
ץʱˡ
߳һĴɽϣѰһĨȻȻѿɱûֵĿܡ
ಣ
һ̣Ӱʧ

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Ұɽ𾳡Сء֮һռݣܾ֮ء
Ѱˣ編ƣɽɱ
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ѰҰɽ߳ʱ˾ҩһϡ⺮ֵ֮󣬲֮¡
ΨһϧǣҰɽϲδҩ
ѰշתϮ̤ǰ塱̵̡
ʱѰһ̣նߣѪϴɽϢͬһ籩ɢš
һսɽ꣬פĸ壬㣬ס
ϢԷˡ
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Ե̫˼
֮ǰѰһֱݷ_ɽ½λߣɲδ̫
Ϊ𾳵ÿһ죬ƵѪȳͻ
ɲ룬յϢԶԶԤڣ
Ѱħ֮ƣȻһˣѪϴɽǵȸɴ䣬ͥɨѨ̬˲֪𾪵ĻȻ
Ϣ糤˳ϯأÿһ궯ѰҲǿƽҰС
˶Ŀɿڴ
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ħǷ𣿡
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ϾžÿҲѪͻ
Ѱ㣬ƾһˣһƶе飬ȴǵһη
˭֪𾳣һڵķɽȫڰС
ܹ֮ߣҲΨի̡̫һڵȻ
ڣɽҰɽֱӱħһ˸Ѫϴˣ
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ʲôڵɽҲѪϴˣ
죬ħҪͱ찡
ʱУϢ籩㣬ŰɢٴΣ˼⣬ǰħûС
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ϾѰֻһˣһһأעһ˶ռˣЩճĸأͳЩеģ
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˵ʲôħɱҽһķɽ
ͬʱ_ɽϿȺѰϢˣҲõϢһӶףˡ
뵽Ѱϳͬʱǵĵ̷Ѱˡ
ɷˣ
òѪ
ԥһڴǿȫٷء
ɽصѪȺʹ꣬綼Щ£㲻š
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䵱Ƿˮ̶еѱߢһʱǰһ󷢺ڣһת̲ס췢һŭ˻
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ݣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ֱ߽ԼǽϵһŻʱ̣㱩ߡ
ͬʱڡ塢½̵ȾˣҲľҲҲѡ
ħɱ˷ɽܵǸԵĵҰǼֱ롣
ɻûҶã½ϢҰɽѪϴɽѪϴ
һӣ类˺ݺһƹ˶ˣһɫĿѣ˻ҪȥѰ
λҲˣⲲⱵ˺εȳ̶ȣҵȻ㣿
һһִסĵŭͺޣɫҽ飬վһжȥ׷ɱⲣԲٸϢĻᣡ
ɫѿصͷ
Ҳ֪ѰܹһɽפԲܵѰ￴
ӣֹǲǰ򵥣սҲ£ֻ˭֣
ߣ
籩𣬲Ըٵʱ䣬ɽҲˡ
Ҳɱڵظȥ

ͬʱѰһʮɽǰüͷ塣
ɽᰡԭܾӵء
ɵѰִʱȴ﷢֣ڲǰɽģѪȳͻѪȵɼ
ħãҲˣĵ̣իƽˡ
һȺǿߵӰɽ߳Ϊһ멣꣬ɫȻؿŸոյִѰ
ի
Ѱһ˼ޱȵŮ
ֻǣԼիɴ޹ϵԷΪλæ
ᣬǿɲǰװæģ˵ոѪϴ˷ɽӦû˲ٺôɣʱǷóһЩҩһ£
ƿڣĿζشѰ


1196 ˼
Դ⣬ɫζһȻص˵ļơ
Īӣի߳һŴ̥Գ񣬶С
ǰøǽսԣ콾ڰʮλ
УϺŵķ
Ȼھ̫磬ķۣ
ѰЦˣҪң
Īҡͷ̫ˣл⣬Ͼҵȿǰܾӵء
ѰЦǰæ𣿶µҲˣô˻ҽú
ĪɫһüһĨ⣬ȻѰʶʱΪܣֻ㸶һЩлѣѾӣҪԸ㣬ض£ֻ轫ڴ˵أǸϹʱá㻹ߵĿ𣿡
в
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Уһ·ϣƷɽͣ㹥ҰɽɽȵأӦĺܴɣ
ѰڣĪӾԹԳʱѡִԲ򣬿ɺܲǡ
ˣϽҩիǿ߷׷׿ڣһԶѰģ
ѰüȻǸǹɽֻҲݰɣ
ĪӶʱЦü価Ը֮ɫȻɣͲɽѳȥЩˡ
ʱǸϾˣΪֻ̫࣬ŭйϣ
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Ѱ꣬Ȼ΢΢һЦԣҲڲһţҽ
Īüõ˵һ飬ⲻȥҲ㣬ʱϵԽãǼʱĻԽ󡣡
ܴݣʼһȲʤȯ̬
իǿҲɫϷʣζĪӵĻǶżˡ
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ĪһĨ⣺Ǻ⣿
Ѱ΢΢һЦɽǱҿеĵطȴǽȵǣҲǶ£뽻ڽɽϻõıȻ󣬶ҡ
һ֣Ƶᡣ
Īӵ˽ɫһ˵زħǵʶȤͷϣûˡ
ȷ
Ī磬âɲǼ䣬Ʊޱȡ
Ѱͷ˿ɫջĿ⣬ʱ䲻ˣن£˵׼ҿܻѡǰիڵĸһ⡣
вΣԵ̹ޱȡ
⼤ŭĪӣɫ䣬ܺãħ䵱𾳸֮ˣҲٹҲ
䣡
䣬ǰӰ󷽣ظֳһڹŽͻ£նɱ¡
֮ʢΪ֮
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ĪɫһŽӳɽӺƣΡ֮⣬ѹն
ͬʱѰĹŽһ𣬴һնɱ
֮죬ɱ֮ԶѰߣ
ѰһУЩ⣬Ȼ޵̣Īĸö֮Լ
䣡
ûбѰҲʩչתﺳű֮أ˭֮š

ˣĪЦһӣһƬŽӳ֮ǰѣʮɲĽ󣬽ɱ
һŽԲͬӲ¡Ρɽӿ纣紺绯ꡭ
ǧ˴ңӦ
㱼䣬ʮλһﾪ춯֮⣬նǬ
Īӣ罣ڽɨʮƼ֮ǿʢ
ܹ콾֮ϣȷ˵ĵġ
飡
ݺύɱ£ۻңɢƣⷽҡ
ʯ顢عֱ鲼续㱻˺ѳһ϶
ҲֻĪʦ֣ܽ⡮̫󡯵ﵽȼزˣ
Щիǿ߽ɫܣ޵ˡ
ħܹȽ£Ҳ޺Ҳڴš
¡
ѵĽкɱĪ⣬ҪѰӰû
ݽ棬ѰҲʶƾűͽű䣬ȫԸܽĪӻܡ
뽫ɱȴЩ
Ȼ˼ԸѰҲòϣһԼһɫԶѰľ

Ҳˣ
ϣ
һ̣ӨѩĶӳչ¶â
Ǻǣħ̲סʩչŶԣѹ̫û˼ˡ
ĪЦɫݣɢ⣬ʮŽݵ
ÿһо춯֮
ԸҲ֪˿ѰѶǿֶΣҲҴ⣬Ʊǿʢ
û˼
Ѱ󣬾˵һ貵һǺϯ
ն
ˮ֮ĶУֳ޼᲻ݵĴ󣬺գҹĻ٣նǶ
󣬵ȴ˵˼¡
飡
һŽҰ
ԶĪӻһѪ͵ɫ
ֻǣһĻĻȫϣͼշת֮䣬֮չ¶ơ
飡
ԭݵ̫ȫңһѰѹŽɢغɣڴɢ
ͬʱĪӻһδ׻һĵˣѪܵòѪ
ɫҲ֮ءرþŭѿš
ԶԭԿܵիǿߣ˿Ҳɫ䣬Щ⧲š
ħǿ
Ҫ֪ĪǰżԵΪͻͽѾеԲزͲһһγˣ
˵УΪԣӵΪľԲָ֮
ڣ޷ѹħ̫ϡ
ھã˼𣿡
ͬʱѰʵ˵ʱӿգһն𣬾һִձըУ׻ǽ
ۣ
Ī̲סѪͷɢɫǾѿޱȣ֮ǰԸʹݣ㡭̤ʵΪȴǿ󣿡
㲻֪黹ţ㣬˼𣿡
ѰЦŷʣ䡣
Ӱǰ壬貶Ŀųʢĵ⣬չֳһеܣɱȥ


1197 

ĪתеֵգʮŽһնƿײ
ĪӲ̶ֻܣ֮ձܿһն
ֻǣشǾʹѪݣһվȣ۵һһѪ
Щի˽ɵۡ
֮ǰĪӣԸǿ罣
ɽƬ̣ͱм֮ͷɢǱܣѪֹ֮ǰˡ
˼𣿡
Ѱָһӡӿ֣һô˻һٽĪҵõɣݺײڲԶĽɽϡ
嶼ӡǽϣͺܹ졣
˼˼ˣЩի˴С
ǽʶٴȥĪӷѲɡ
Ǿ˼˼
Ѱ΢Ц˵ʱѱһסĪӵĽնһ˹Ƶģݺڵϡ
飡
ѣĪӳӢٺʹһܽӴ۵鴤һҽг
ٿȥͷףֱ̫ˣ
Ѱ̫Ī˻𣬶Ҫˡ
۸㣬ҺΣ
ѰһķĪ屻ҡҡ°ĭͷתֱۡ
һ죬һЩ׹һء
ͨ
Īֱӱ׷ɳȥѰĿ˵ϱϡ
Զի˵Ķڲڣħֱ̫бˣ
ȴû˸ǰֹ
ĪӶǶ֣ĸȥҲڣ
ܿ죬ѰѡԼսƷһ̵Ĺ
ˣĪӷһ˺ѷΰļУҪѰƴ
ΪǴУŵľصıһļҵڣ
飡
ѰһŽ߷ɣɱ㡣
ĪһɫòȻ
ֻǸղŭģڲʶѰҪɱղžʹɱ֣صȵڡ
ֻǣһԼĴѰУ۲ѣĶڵѪ
ͬʱѰҲһ̾ⴢУ겻_ҩ
ˣʮҩԼһ缫亱ģֵ֮޷
ûϵˮͦ㡣
Ѱ°ͣڿҪҪƱȥիһ
Īӻëʲô񣿰Լȡķ
ֱ̫ɶ
Ϊի߳ĹŴ̥һ򲻰ѵУڣȴѹ׸Դ̫ˣĥ
ԶЩիɫҲ𲻶Ľޱȣ˵ʱħһ֮䣬ܶ
ɣóһҩʮҩҾͷĪӡѰϡ
һƵزѪһﵱҩǴײ𣿿ã
ҲҩҩҲܵõģ
ѵǾãֵֵѰʡ
Īݶҧ飬⣬ܱ
ѰεȷĽիдȣԣһӦĲ
ڴʱһö
һԼӰǽɽ߳ü䣬ʤѩһƵںڡ
һϮ£һʹŽʱƮ裬һλ߳ŮƵģ续ס

һͳիĵʥŮ
겻ط꣬ѰҲһ˿㱡
ǰļϲһϮɫȹѣһֺεĽ߸ϵɢ˲Ŀľɡ
ʤѩ˿٣ӰԼף粻ʳ˼̻ӣ͸ſ֮
ûֹâĽȴ޷ӣֳô޵Բλࡣ
ԣʱ䣬Ѱһֱɱ䣬ͬҲԼ;ͻͽĵز
һի˲Լͬ˿
ϵĪӣɫ˿̫ǱͷȴУ⡭
Щ̧ͷ
ղҲڴɽϣΪβ
Ѱ˵Ҳʶˣ̸ѣܶЩ̫ðɣ
ʶ
仰һ𵱳һκѰʱһŸյִŻԡ
ȴ͵ʱսһʤ
ҲһսüסѰû취Ѱǵһײβһµļһ벻סѣ
Ժ½ֺѰΣÿһζ̸϶죬ʱ޵
ֻǣ꣬һ޵ѽ¿ΪԼѾɱ䣬ͬ
˭룬Ѱһ䡰ʶֱĳ嶯òĥľЩŭļ
һ̤ô޳ܣ˭ʶֻ¶ΪԼŲɲĹϵأ
һҪ𣿡
ѰˬЦѾˣͺãνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ˵ˣһᣬƫƫ㿴ΪåҲսʱ򣬲Сġ
ۼ߶߶ģҪǼ˵飬ʱգ޷ľˣ죡㡭ôǰǰ޳ܺͲҪ
ԭٳ
ɴʱȴĿԲü޵ñݽҧ
̬ڳի˶ġ
ǣѰĽ̸Ѱζۣ硰ʶåᡱ
벻ǷǶѣ
Īڣ˶Щɲˣʲô
իĵʥŮ࣬о绪֪˰ĽţΪԶ۲µŮ
ȥħ񼫿žһЩ飬ǡǺ䶯ޱȵĴ£˷
ѰЩ㵣̾Ҳ´ˣԭ㻹ûǰ£ʵҵᣬ䷸һСҲпԭģΣڵ֪ЩһիĴʱҿûдɱ䣬ǿʶһķݶϣ
˻һĪɫˣȷħ׺ƢղûǽɱԺܷ
ھͽ͵ͨˣǿڼϲûô
ƶϣ֮Ĺϵһһˣ
һ룬ɫ⸴ӣĽصӰ
ڣȴħ⡭ɬĽҲЩ䡣
ɲ֪е뷨֪ҲǱץ񲻿ɡ
ˣѰĻ̲סЦô˵һöжˣ
Ѱҡͷһȵģֵ⵹ڣôԵɾͺˡ
һ۾кƣһѵûԼڷ
˵ʲôͼѰһȻ̧ͷԶ˴һǾ֮أ͹ǻطΣ

ѿڶһȻԼ죬ԼƲסʰ



1198 ڤѪ
оϬߵģһ˵ķ飬Ѱѹ˲͡
֪УɱӼԶĵطٸ
ǵɱ֮ʢѰһʶ˴ǰĶ֣Բ
Ҳ֣
ˣ´ٸɡ
Ѱϣתȥ
㡭
е
£
Ѱף˹ȥ
ߵ㲻Ҫˣ
ѰȻһЦˣֻҪ㲻ͺá
˵ʱӰԶԶʧԶա
ޣ˭һåĪоЩ̺ա
һֱǹ²
ʦ㣬ħ񡭡̲סʳ
ɲ˵꣬ͱϣһϵûУҽɱҲ֮ͬ꣡
У͸һŭ⡣
˶Уȴá
Ҳ˿ɫЩнסһպޡ
һɫָ䣬Ҳˡ
Զ˵ɱɢѳ߸Ƕʱߣ
ɽô죿ʡ
˭Ҫ˭ҪԴ䡣
һѡ롣
ֻǣڰ;ϣȴѡ˵뿪
ʦãȥĪʡ
ȥһ¡
ͷҲش˵ʱƮ裬羪㣬ʧԶ
ʦҪȥʲô£
Ȼ⡣
϶ħйأ
Īɫ
¡
Ǹ뿪ûãɽһӰ١
Ƹǵأƾˡ
ֱһˣ
ɶ񣡡
׷
Ұʮղ͸޾ŭͺޡ
ֻǣѰֹѪϴɽصж׷УǳʧȥѰټ
Ǳŭǣ̾𾳵ڴ˵ʱȻû٣Щ˵ĸء
һʱǵĴþ
ȻٺޣҲʧȥ˻ɱѰĻᣬϸıжȥȡԭǵĸء

һ죬𾳶
ͳƣʱѰһ˾͹˷ɽҰɽɽϼɽء
ÿһѪɺӣ
ⲻʱڣѰеľǿߣͲʮ
Ŀģ
Ҫ֪ϾžУ߾ɽĴڣԺХķ۳Ұ˻ġ
һߣоͺ߹ûʲô
ЩûĽɫˣͲ
Ѱȴɱ˺
˼壬Ϊ֮Ȼ
ͬҲΪѰıжһģѪȷ硣
ûЩ˵ĸؽռȴȻģӶ˴֮Ķײ
һз粨Ѱ޹ء
뿪ֱ_ɽֻ_ɽѻһƬ棬ڵԭʼܲ޸ƻ
ѰˣҲֻҡͷ̸϶пֻЩϧɽأȴٵ˭֮
ֳĶǰ³ϸֻҪڣӦ֪Ҿڴ˵˰ɡ
Ѱ˼
˴ζԽһȸбδеףЧѾﵽսȥԼΣС
˲Ǵ϶ǧټƽл
Ѱɲʹưոݡ
߲亦
ľͽѵѾѰףԴˣκ顣
£ǽ֮ĵڶ꣬аʱͱǿ
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ϣȽִȫеزʱȥѰף˶һƳٶѪ
أѰУ˼ѣĿһ˿ɫԶ
һϮ£˿٣续ӣⲽն
͹Ҽ𣿡
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Ѱڣֱӱ⣬ǰЩӣڤӽأżȻһˡ
ѰŶһ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
ڤӽأǺһεȿֲĹط
ֻǣΪҪԼ
һ꣬ģͦεģֻ̫Ը׷
ϸ
ѰһͻɣϸڴӷɽǰʱҲԼһ͵ڤӽء
˿ԣ֤һ㡣
Ϊ̫ڲСıһ֮ء
˵⣬Ѱһ̲ס֮أ͹ܲ˵һЩ
Щġ
ԭ㳰Ѱ䣬ɼüͷɫ࣬ʱסˡ
˼ϸľг
ԭŰǰǰڤӽеһϿ̽ѰԵ
Ͽȴݲ걻Ѫɫ֣Ͳꡣ
ԥҪҪһ̽ʱһ͸żĺ
߽ѪϿһŷ֣ϿһڿݾǴӿݾд
Ȼ󣬼ͼ˱ڿݾеϸ
Ǳ˫˫ȳžڣϱһϸܵѪɫڽݾקԵ쳣Ǳͳ
ǣ״һֻҰסɱ񡢲ϵ߬ס޷ֻܴ
ȴֹ˵ˡڤѪֲĹ֮ء
˵⣬ߵһﶼѱɴĺܣ˵ǵ޷Ầ
Ѱæ˾Ըƽϣأ
ڵҾˡ
ˣѰһ
ߣһǣǰǼһңҴһ仰㡣
ʲôѰһ
ɫЩŹ֣ģϸʱĿǣ˵ѰСӣҵһԵϽȼݣ
ѰɫһڣһﶼΣǻţ治
һȻأ
ȻͷֿϽǿݾҲټˣһɣνڤѪײӦǬ

˽ЩѰҲЩأϸһڤѪ֮ǰû뵽ġ
һ湰ֵл͹֮һУԺб𡣡
Ϣȷ̫ҪˣǼ˵ܾͻ˶ȥϸʱ䣡
ǹһĨζȣûħҲ֪жͼ
Ѱû˼Ц͹ܸܲңڤѪľλã
ĿģһоǴϹʱϼһЩܺڤѪ֮µ֮йء
ѰȻԣҲȥ̽ѰһΣ
ͷˣΣ
ѰȻû⣬ʹӦ


1199 ɲǴ
ǺãʮǱ
ܹѰͬУҲڶһλǿͬ飬ǰڤӽʱҲܶһӦ
ʮ󣿡Ѱü
ʶѰڤӽز˽⡣
͵ÿʮ죬һνڤӽصĻᣬʱ䣬ڤӽأᱻһǡ
һͻ꣬
Ѱһ飿
ڤӽһһҹ˲֪ա
ʼգܵʲô̫Ͳ
УԼ˽غͽɡ
Ѱһ
ڤӽԽպ͹죬ϸյĿԾԽ
ѰļҲûãʮж
һＪֵ࣬õ˷ɳٿյĴУӦòǰ
ѰҲֻ˰οԼ
ûٶයѰԼüʱ͵ص㣬뿪ˡ
ʵ֮ϸյ飬Ѱ֪ȷѿ˵ġᡱպԼ
ɲˡ
ڴˣѰǺġ

ڤӽأ֪ġס֮ء
ΧһƬããԭʼɽ֣ľ죬գС
ѰˣɽΧ
ʶɢӿããԭʼɽУʱ͸ܵһ˵ѹɭȻϢӿҲΪ֮һ͡
ⲢδӰѰ
תСڤӴʶ糱ˮ㳯ɽӣ졭
УѹֶɭȻϢҲԽԽǿԽԽ졣
ѰܵѹҲڷٵĹҰȻתǿֿס
䣡
ԶԶȥѰڷתսգ˷Ʊޱȡ
磬ںǿĶɱ
߼ǱѰɢ嵽ɣ̫ǿˣħ񣬳ؼ
ͬʱѰУھҡΣħ޺ʥ˱˻ڼ
ʶУǰ׹ɽʬ纣رĿɲ
һУڶҡڳ־
ֱʶо˵˻ѪܵĻҪ궼г١
ǣ
͵أѰʶиֳһѪܵģиһ߾߹ʬ
зӼüı̴һ¶ŭݡ
ƲѣѪ֣ɳ
¶ڵʥˡ
жͷƵޡ
һ⣬ȫˣ
Ѫи֮ޡ
䣡
Ѱʶһʹһɿɲıƺߣԥջʶ
֮ǰ֮糱ˮȥʧ
ʱѰǱ亹ʪɫ΢Щ԰ף֮ɫ
һѪӡѵǡڤӡ
ˣѰףԲʱڤӽأԻ⡣
иǵ̫Ͳ֮꣬⣡

죬ѰųһϢ
һ˼⣬ӰһԭʼɽС
Ƭɽֻ֣ڤӽΧҲֲգѰԣ޷̫в
ӽ𣬾ڴ
Ѱϡ
ʮʱ䣬ã㹻ԼսһΡ
ԭʼɽΣķѰԣȴһľ֮ء

оΡ
ֱԲڵҲ֮ԲʱٳٵĿ顣
ɹȥɳһپڵҲ֮ɱ䣬
ֱ֮·ڳ;һȫ²Ρ
ɲҪôΪʹֹ
Ҫôɵ
ޡҪеķպͿ顣
Ȼѿ޾ʴ겻࣬಻𣬵ɲҲעȻ
ѰΪԲʱо
ɲΪսߵ͵ġ
˵ھսߵֱͣ񣬶ܸһĻֱ׼
Ϊ˾ǰδУʥҲԶ壡

ɽУѰϥϢ¯˲Ϣһ߲ΣͷųϢƬɽֶҡΡ
о
˴Ϊͻƣ̸࣬ˮɣѰԤС
ˡ
ɽܵУһ쳹
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Ѫã
Ѱ
ǿµ飬鲼ԭʼɽܣһ˿ͻǵע⣬Ѳ
һν𾳣Ѫý׷׷ɱϲֹѪһ綾壬Ǳ
ֻΣȫȻͬ
ѰϵӰʳָйճһµĹ켣
ͬʱۺҲһһķʽתŻָ⡣
һָ
ǲĹ޴˸ߵҰҰԷ̳Ȼ¸С
ѰһָһɲЩҰҰȫήɻƮһա
ɲǣת߸ʷ֣һָ֮ڣˡ
ѪãȻݽߣɱ񱻳˾񣬶׹һء
ٿȥԲǧ֮أݲﻯ飬ͺͺģĨһ
㳡ѰҲһĨʡ
ָһУɲǴ
һָת컯
˻ڴ֮һָɵ߸Ǭת١İƣѹһУ
ѰŸսвֻһеһ˿Ƥëʩչ֮ǿȴȫѰԤ
ֹǿ󣬼ֱ죡
һǴӡǿմͼлõĴУ£С
ÿһУ԰󣬰һ˸Žĳ
ˡ
ԶѪóЩ֮ѲǺηȺӣɱ֮ͷۡ
ˣѰһָһ
ϴβͬһֳָ޼᲻ݡĴƣݿ࣬嫰Ծ
⣬ЩѪýԱĨ
һΣԻ֮ãһˮ֮ãƲͬȴ𡭡
ָҲŲһ˿ƤëԺŲ򾫽ӦûԽԽǿ
ֻǣҲ̫ˡ
ѰһΣָĵ֮һ
˵ǿޱȣͬˣ޷ڳ־սС
ֻеΪĳΣת˵ܳ׷ӳ
Ѱ
죬ΪоɲǴһ˿⣬Ѱսپһ
Ҳľˣʱ䣬ĵҩ֮࣡
ǾսԴҲҪԶԶͬ
Ѱľ۵;ԺһԴҪ
ã֮ǰѪϴ˽һȴĵ̣ջ˺սƷĿǰȫΪ˷

Ѱͻƣ



1200 һ
裡
ԭʼɽڣһãѰڴ¡¡ٿɢ
ȻңƳܲסϢ
һľȻ飬ľм
ԶԭǱïʢݴеһͷƽᣬȻըѪ
ͬʱѰ
ڣһͷֵڵܣˮ⣡
죬㽫ͻز
Ѱ˿
һŸӲӵġ١ֶָ󤡢⥡硢ţΡ¾Ӱ
ÿһͷޣԻ֣ԣձ顢սס¯ӡ񹭡ٵȵȱ
һɹ֮ЩƬգ
Բ֮أݷһ飬˿̽Ի£ȫ壬ڵɪɪ
תű䣬ԺתȫһһԺʹƣ
֮ͽűศɵġ롰
ûãѰϢɢȥƣ˼⡣
񣬾ֻʣͲ֮ɱΪ򣬵ͻҲò˶á
Ѱһ£ҩʱ̷ִȴ޶˶˷ѵҩ
Ҫʱ̷ҩ
ৣ
ûٵ飬Ѱһ̣Ӱʧ
죬ǺͼԼõʱ䡣

һͰɽϡ
ԼӰϣ̲ҡҷһϮ£һͷ˿ڷƮ裬Ȼӣס
͹
ѰˣЦŴкʲôʱ
Եȣλһ˻һж
ڵ
˭Ѱһ
ʥ֮ءڤ񸮡ĴˣǴ֮һǿĹŴ̥壬ڤѪ츳ϹʱǾеľͷսɲ
ɿ͵֮ԺǺΪУҲһڤѪйصĲͼңիĹŴ̥ĪӹϵĪ棬ǺҲݵĳʲôա
ѰͷԴ˲
Ϊ̽ѰԵΪ˾ϸ̸ͻ
ȻжͻѰҲ塣
ˣһΪıòʣһ˭Ҳʶݡ
Щԥ
ѰĵģʮǰŸձĪһ٣һжᷢĦ
ô鷳
Ѱ˵ţת˵òٿȻһ䣬һòѰʳꡣ
һ´ѰЦôһŸо˳ۺܶࡣ
ѰûǰͲ˳ۣ
ͷǰƤ֪ߣôôŤ
˵ţԼ̿Ц׵գԵ쳣á
Ѱ˸ۣǱ˴˱˴ˣǰ㣬һֻȸ۸ڶǿ׳죬òˡ
ɴ۾˵ʲôѰֱӵ֣ˣ
ʱɫһͣǻзһߣָ֮ǰʡ
ʦãõˡ
ϣһȺӰƿնΪһ꣬իĹŴ̥Īӡ
˵ͷĿ⿴Īߵӡ
ʦãѣϹʱһ֮򣬹ϵĪ档
ĪЦŽܵ
һòӣۣͷǹڣӰ޳
ǣһλӰ㣬¶һӺݶֵʣ£ʵҲһּµԸ
ǣ׷ǿߣŮԶ䲻
ɴʱȴǹ°ӵе͵̲
ѡڵ
ҲǴʱ΢΢ס
ǷŵϹӴżм绪Ůӣʵ˾ޡ
ޡֹݣȻˮ
Щ⣬࿴˼һۡ
ʦãλǣ
ĪʱŽĿ⿴Ѱһüͷһ塣
֮ǰģ
˵⣬ѱѰЦŲһλѡ
һ֮ǰ˸Ѱ֣һǡ
һ
ĪӺɣа˼⣬ʲôʱ򣬼ʶһλѣ
һȡһ޶֮𣿺ÿһ֡
Ц´ѰȻԼ˵ӣҲ֪Ǵ˴ҪȥڤӽأղһϺȣɻᲨж
֮ǣλ
Ц֪һݣɣ
ţ˵ģʵ䲻ףԲǣǵж
տƾ˴жϵشλѼҲԣȹһأ
أһǿ߿ڣһ䵶ľ꣬ĿͱˣһضѰ
ЦЦûֹ
ĪҲѡԹۣأںɣһʲô
ңлһ󵨵ͷνĽһǼٵģʵݼܾѰ
Ҫ֪ʮǰѰ֣ͼ̸˼ĹϵЩԾ
ټϣ֮򣬾ʹû˵һѣĪ벻ɶѡ
ֻҪҶ֣һܿݣĪа
ѰܣѼѰϢһ֣αװٺãҲᱻ죡
ˣü䲻һĨ⣬ѰԼǿ֣ЩһȴԴ
ѾֻѰľߣ
ֻǣڣѰ΢΢һЦҪ۵ģȷҪô
һЦûһﵹǺܿ
Ǿչ¼ޣͬһλǹŴ̥ȴڤ߳һλ
ͬҲû˭ô˵ˣ
ҲЦһζ֮ɫаӴһͽֹֹֿҲܿ˷Ц
ΨĪˣǣԺħķһޣ޼ɵǾˣ

ĪĿ˸
չ¼ҲЦˣֻЦݺ䣬̲סĿ⿴塣
˵ͷʿɶֹϾǼӵѣº֡
չ¼޶ʱģ絶ѰֻҪܵסʮУˡ
˭Ҳûע⵽˿̵ɫƽȴһ˿ײΡ
οŰأ
а
ʮУһӡ
Ѱ΢ЦɣֻǺѴһĨ⡣
֪Էһ壬ڽжУܵĴ϶Ҳˡ

չ¼Цɢ˵ơ
ˣΪһ֪
ҲڴʱѰѳ̤ǰ򵥵ֱһָ



1201 ִţ
裡
Ѱһ˲˶һָоǷ·һˣһͷݷڴ˿̳Ԩ
Ѱһָչ¼޸ǿң·һ˲䣬ŴС
ıһֺ嫴
ͫȻһǰʹԵĲǼ򵥵һָŴơ
ŭսţת֮赲
ɸ˵ĸоͺһֻ룬ںηصֵŴѹĳ֡
Եø֮С
飡
չ¼ֱӱɳȥ߷ݣܿơ
˵ʵ򣬽һɲͷԾɵֹʱѾˡ
䣡
ǧ⣬һɽӲչ¼޵ݣʯɣ̳
Ŀļž
չ¼ޣڤ񸮵ľǰ̤âɡ
ڣһָûܵ£ֱӱˣ
û˸š
ȿȡԶչ¼޻ͷشӵͷɢǿѪǱ
ˣǻһڣзһѵһز¶ǿߣ

չ¼ޱȣɱڳ࣬ĿѣΪԼǴˡ
䲻𣿡Ѱ
˵ʱӰһѳȥ
ס֣
˲ö룬ֹ
Ѿһһչ¼ٴαɣǱѰһָͷѹ
¡
ϣչ¼ҳһˡδӣ̳涼𵴣緢˵
üЩĿá
ڴ˿̣Ѱѷԭ֮أɫƽУ·ղųֵģ
ֻǣٿʱǵĿѾˣһ˿ŭҲоɺͼɵ
ˣ˭ܿ⡰һս֮ǿȫѹչ¼޵ͣ
Īɫ粻
ղţһֱѰȴԾ֣ǰһʶħǿҲ̬
ңսʱõϢҲħȫͬõĶսҲһ
ѵ治ħ񣿿ǿӦò֮ŶԡĪЩĥ͸ˡ
Զչ¼ŭķһٶȳ
ˣ
ɫһкȳ⣬չ¼ɫ׽ӣֹ
彫Ŀ⿴ѰѱÿûʩչĴӦúһйذɣ
Ѱһ
ԣ˶¶Ȼ֮ɫѰĿһˣһйأ
ɺܲ򵥣
һĪӸоӳˡ
Ψ֪Ѱݵļ̲סЦħһڹŻʱĸ۸
˴жнλּ룬ҵȶԣһ¡
ЦԵúȳı˶ԴѰ̬ȣղҵ۲ʶˣּ¡
Ѱֵ̫ˡ
Щ裬ĳǸɲ򵥣õŵ£ΪУһСĶ֡
²˳٣Ǹóˡ

ץʱ䣬֪˴λҲǰڤӽء
ɫ࣬һطУȴҪֵ⡣
˭
Ī̲סʡ
һ̣һǽһ

֣ڳнһݣʥ֮еһ̣̳Ŀֲ
һʱ˶̲סЦ
һʱ̫ɾͱħɱ
ǰãڵķɽǱħѪϴԪˣǾҵڤӽеĻԵⲻ
ĪЦ
ȴҡͷѵǧҪСһĵ̣Ϲʱڵġȡ˸ǣʥ˶ײǴ鷳
£ǵȷħֵͷѪɻ̸Ԫˡ
Ϊ֪ԭڡˮнĽʮ̫ڵ֪ɡѾ𾳣Ҫɱħ񣡡
⣬ѰһĨײ⡣
ʱ˵˴νһ֮
ֱ̫ɣ̫磬ʮ̫
һݽɫеͣսֵпԳƹڣһġСսϹʱҲ֮еľﲻ
üһĨأȻҲĴһ˿ɵ
ѾΪߣ뵽ڤӽصжУҵȿɾܴˡ
ԣҲȻ
̸ʱѾչжڤӽطӶȥ
һ·ϣҲֱԭʼɽУ˵ٶȲŷŻС
ѾڤӽصΧ
ֻǣѰȴԸܵǰЩ첻ͬԭʼɽĹϢԱϡࡣ
ϸ֪޷ڡ
ˡ
ûãһȺѪó˽һ
Сģ⼫ηȺӣǰǾ
һѡ
ֻǣǴ㵵ǣЩѪó󣬾ţûŤͷ֮ززգ۾Ͷʧ
ˣ
ҲЩΡ
Ǳŵ˰ɣϾһȺ˼кˡ
ĪɫȻ
ΨѰЦ
ɲ˵ЩѪòûǻ۵ĴǵȷηҲбɱõʱ
֮ǰʮ죬еѪòǧֻ֮ҪһЩͻ̶ֻӣ
ǲĹ
ԱߵļЩɡ
ѰɫҵΪĪʦ˵Ĳ
һۣһ𣿡
ѰЦУҳϣҡ
㡣
Цһٴţӡ
ѰһŮ˰Ī滰ٻȫţԼжϡ
·ϣս
˵عľգʪҷֲ纱Ͷ棬ˡ
˭ҵġ
ɹǣһ·Ǿоգûκɱӣ
һЩޱȵһ־̼ܵһͷӣһ޲õȵģ
ղţһͷˮͰִ󣬳аɵϢֲ֮ǶٴУ׼һս
˭룬һ֣ͷһӵķɿ죬ײ˲֪
õǶһģ
ôоǴƺھ㣿̲סʡ
ǰЩ죬һ⣬һ߸ζȴ̫ˣһ޷޳ζѰڵ
ִţһۡ
ѰΣ췢ģû˵ٻƫƫСȴţֵܹ˭
Сģǰ߾ڤӽصķΧˣǵط֮Ͳ꣬ܵġ
ǰѵ
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼԭʼɽ־ͷһƬѪɫ磬Ĵۣ


1202 Ѫ
ڤӽأһ̸ɫ֡
ֻǴ˵ؾжֲȴܹ˵
ֹ˴˵ؼ󣬲̫Ͳգڵ˵صǿߣʮ֮˾Ŷȥ޻أ
ʱӳѰǰľһѪɫ硣
һݹħѪҺŴ۵Ѫ⣬УɷѪХա
ԼԿѪɫУһɽһͷͷݷѪɫеȻ˶ɡ
˵ǣϣžѪպգ
Ѫղֲۣ񷲻ͬ򣬻תƶ类޾ѪˮȾ죬Ŀġ
һۣѰٸһ˵ɷϢⶼеһѹ֡
Ǻʱ΢΢һУȻ
ٿ塢ĪӵˣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ԾٴС
Ӵ˿̿ʼ·עϲĹͲ꣬λһܴ⣡
һˡ
·
ǰϢٿȻת
ˣ
ͷֳһزֹǣҰ񣬷һȦȦɬް׹⡣

ָֹһָȻһ׹⣬Զ
һ;
˽󣬳Զȥ
һʥ˲йǣիƳˡָ·ףϴҽڤѪ֮أǿ˱ָ
·ϣѰ޴˵ȱָ˭ڤӽأʧУѡ
Ѱͷʾס
;ѪؼſɲɷϢХħ޺֮ëȻ
һ·ϣѰˣתŵڵѹϢ
꣡
ûãĪӽ·ѵŵԵΪ̶
һĿȥһѪͷֻѱ飬նۿ죬ѿڳЦ

Īɫһһͷ߷ɳȥ
˭룬ͷڰٿȻһ䣬һѪܵѻ
ǣ̶ޱȣصļž
һĻ˽һ
ãѻƺںʲô
âһָٿȻӳһɫɽһƥնȥ
飡
Ѫѻը飬һѪȻĻ
ߣ
ѰȻһԾץסĸ첲ǰӶȥ
һҲɫ䣬ȥ
¡¡
Ǹ뿪ԭ򣬴عѣһ߾Ѫܵã嶼Ѳơ
ǣϵĹȴڲϣѪˮϣǿնۿУȼһѪɫ棬ޱȡ
ȥ飬ƵѪɫƬû
Ѱǵ
ղӱܼʱעᱻûѪôУ

һͷԶѪɫãӰһΣɸߣִİ׹Ǳ۰̽Ѱߺݺ¡
һ˲նݣ޾ɷһ֮Ĺֲ̫࣡
ߣ
ûгɣѰٶȱ塣
䣡
󣬴عѣӲĳһɵ׵Ĺ֡
ͬʱ糱ˮѪɫóѰӣٶȼ졣

͵أߵһŮӼУƨϣһѪͷҧס
Ҫ֪ŮӿҲǾȴ޷ܿһ
˶ɫ䣬Щþʲô⣬֮죿
飡
Ѱȴϣ͵ǰĵһƾͽͷ顣
ŮַһУܾƵıգһӶݺݵѰһۡ
ԭѰһͷͬʱƨϣۡ
㡭Ůҧ
Ѱȴ˲Щָ⣬һƹѪ⣬֮͹죬˺ļںݺ룬޷Ĩ
ѪӣһּɲĹܹ˵Ѫ˵꣡մȾǿ߶Ҫ꣡
һһĨɫ
ҲݣԾѣԭ߷߲ѵŮӣ˿̶ټˡ
뿪˵
ѰȴԵ쳣侲һߴ߶һѪӵֿһ߳ǰȥ
¡¡
ôڽ׷ᣬǵأѪɫУԵ쳣ֲ֮
ֱһӺһвŽʧ
ѰǰģһѪľ޴
ѸɺԣȴѪɫ䣬ããһƬ޷˰
ˡ
ͬʱڼͷһ顰ת޷ٱϷ
ĹˣвһǸղֻߴ˷ڡܡ·ˡ
ɫҲ
ŸսڤӽزһʱͷȱʣԶЩ⡣
ôĿ⿴ѰüһĨɫ
Ҳȥ
ʱѰɫ΢΢Щ԰ףڣһѪҴܣ֮أͷųϢһ㸯ʴѪ
ƾ޷仯⣡
Ǹղҡ֮ǰҧβŮЩΣˣȴδѪ塣
ǾѰȴС
ѩﲻΣ²㡣
ѰһλɷԵƬ̣Ҵһ
Ȼû
·ˣûȷ֮ǰһжͽ͡
ûгɣѰϥء
һ飬ǷҪǰһѪǵĸɺԺӴ
Ѫӣռ˵һּͲʹ˵еڤйء
һǿߣ仯⣬ᱻʴ꣬һ߸Ѫʬ
ɴˣͿ֮Ϳ¡
Ѱл⣬ȴָЧʶȥѪߵټ
ۼѪѱʴС룬ѰҲӿһĨô죿
ѳԹֶˣͳͳûá
ͣ
ֱѰƼˣֱתؼžʩչزն䡱ڵַ⣬
ͬʱĺɫķתΪһɫ̨
̨ˡزն䡱ĺİܻܹѹа顣
ԭ˷ڴزµߴа֮һֻɶɼʥɮֶ˸Ϊܡ
Ǻɫ̨ϣһƺڻ棡
֮ʩչ˷ȫǱƼˣѰҽ
˭룬һʩչ˷˼һĻˡ
һѪȻͣܵǣ㣬һɫ̨У
䣡
ѪڷȻȼޱȵļС
ܹһѪٻĨգֻʣһָ׸ǴСӰӵںɫ̨ϡ
лѣ޾ѣ˷ýѡһȻ쳹͸һָм
һӰҲʧ
ɫ̨ϣһžӨ͸ӣŹ


1203 
Դ
˲䣬Ѱϳһ龧Ө͸һɴޱȵ
Ѱ֪ΨʥԪŻữһ棬Ų
ͬԲźһ㡣
˵ֱԴڡʥһֵ֮࣬
޵ߵ˵Ҹݵĳκһ˿ı׶ˣ
ǿ߶ԣƣԽǿԽԽڳ;̽
û뵽һѪӣʥıԴ
Ѱ𶯡
֮ǰһĻĻίʵ̫ա
ʱתزն䡱ܻᱻһѪӸʴѪ꣡
һ£ҲѰȷز´еķѪ̺ĹĿá

ѰһһɡԴٿȻˮС
ʱѰֻԪһԡȪΪڶ̶̼һأ
أͻƵļ
Ϊڡ񻨾۶󾳽еġΡ
һǡδ
ͻƣԤУڤڤеһ˿ͻˣܹŵδ;ϵġ׼
ԭѰԤУԼҪͻƣҪϵʱ䡣
Ϊ֮ҪǼѵ顣
ѰССڤ֮ͱͬǿҪǿһء
ֱΪڡ񻨾۶һУȻˣҲԶͬ
ɴ˿֪Ǻε֮ѡ
ڣһһλʥµıԴľȽѿƾˣ

ףӣλƺдزµĴУ
Ѱʱ⣬ׯϣԼԼ쳹ʱ˵ĲĿ
һҲԴ˸е𾪣Ȼܸһ͡
кһйصֺʹزǣϹϵһðĹ
ĪһΡ
֮ǰһֱһѰҲеˣɲ
ţز߳һλŴ̥ŷӡأսҲɲ⣬񻹲˼ĿǼʶѣҶ㻳Ǵеġŷӡ

ֱڣЩԲ͸ѰĵϸȻС
嵨ʲô϶Ӻҵȡ
ѩҧӣ˵
ɫЩ֪Ѱ֮ǰȹѩһΣѩĴм
ڴʱѰһɨ֮ǰ٣ȡ
ǰһѰѰ£ȴһֿƮȻʡ
ңƽĿʱ˶ܵһεѹ
ǽʶѰڻѪ֮󣬼øĳֺô
Ȼ壬Ҳ̾ǻԵǿ󲻵ãϡ
Ŀǰڵ򣬳ż޷жϷǴɴ˺ӣǷУ
ڡ
ѰһɨԶͼѪ棬֪Ҳ޷˰
δ֪յģǰƬѪƽ˭֪вŶɱ٣
Ѿûлͷ·
Ϊں󷽣ޱ޼ô
Ǿ߰ɡ
Ѱͷ
һҽɫˣʻѪĺϿա
ʱ˶ע⵽ƬϿգѪɫƺϣҰããѪɫ
ϵľѪնˣ

ѪɫǰУԵСޱȣеһҹۡ
ɫصǣǹѪؼ䣬Уʧ
ѰͷʶȴԾ֣Ѫޱߣܹʶֻܸ̽ܵǧɷΧ
ˣһ·ϵǷƽ˾Ұžÿ£ΨбѪʱ
ûãͻȻֹͣǰҪڣȴѰסͣĿԶ
ͬʱҲëȻ۾
ǰѪУֳһ߾߲ʬÿʬԷѪ⣬ɲ
еͷ­ѣеıƶǣеû֫
ϸ塢Ҳ飬һ⣬ѪܵģնԶֻʣʬ
еĿŲƵս죬еļԦŹϵս۳һ֧ƺƵĴ޷˵سѪ
ĪأͷĪһ𺳣ָеһ룬ǻ类ס
ȥ֪£ֻʬȴɻƵ飬ȥ
жĲŻֱ󣬶ԸźͰ
ǵĶ֣˭
ѰϢ񣬾ţɫ𲻶
ǰڹ𺳣Ƕɣһϵսڲ֪ңԶǰԾսڴ˱
ûãһ֧صĴʧѪɫС
ɻѰǼǰУһɱ쳹һɹɿֲѪɫм
ǵɱѰжһһãԼͬأѡʹȫԶȥ
¡¡
Ѫս׼쳹˷ħ˻ը죬˲еޱȵѹ֡
˵أ϶ƴʥ֮ս
ֱӳƬųڣɫޱȡ
˽Եͷ
ΪղһУǶƾвǱǵɱУ³жҡ
ЩʬǰһȻǾγصĴȴ֪ιʣڴˣ⣬ֻڤӽеһѣ治֮оŶܡ
ĪӸп
ͷҲд֮С
֮򣬷ǧϾžֻϹʱΡ
˵ó
˵ص־жˡ
һ˶ӵо磬Ƶһˡ
ɵִ׶֮أɸеޱȵСͲ԰ף
ǼǰУɱʧˣֻǣǾ긦й鷢
ԶѪУһöɵСɽѪˮѪʡ
ɽһԼӰǣһѪˮȾȹѡ
źˮױ˫Ķ
˶ĺǣĲ֮ϣյģͷ­
˽ԲͷѪӰŤơǡ
ʱǽԻһͷƤ飬궼һҡҷҪɳ⡣
ͣ
Ѱף͵ԡ֮𡱷һʱɢһׯ϶
˶ʱѡ
ٿȥʱͷѪӰתӰأĶޱȡ
ͷ·һλŮڶԾױӰ
ɷѪˮİ׹ɽϣͷӰȴһ˵ľϢ
ͬʱһ޵̾Ϣ͸޾į
Ƕȥˣ˭ǵꡭ


1204 ͭ
૰̾ޣͷƲȥͳںﻹݡ

˭
̧ͷȴѪһ׹ɽһѪͷӰʧ
Ƕȥˣ˭ǵꣿ
ĪأѰڷʱɳٿһ־˵Ļ
꣬һ뿪ŻʱĴȥգܳ⣬Ǳ㽫²컯ڴ˵أΪнഫȻҵ磬ҲڶϾ
ǳٿյԭ
ԳơꡱŮӵĻѰвһͷ
ǡǷָľǳٿһ뿪Żǿߣ
꣡ڤмأϹ֮һλ޵սۣ죬սģһ˹ڸһ£֮ͬߣ԰޹⣡
͵أʧڣ˵һϹ
սۣ
˽ԶݣѵղѪͷŮӣԭϹʱһλսۣ
ܹ⡰սۡģһѹһʱͨ
һŮӣܹͬưһ£Ȿ紫㣬κ𺳡
ɡΪλڴˣҡͷ­ˣ
Īӵ
Ҳһľǰһλսۣ׼ʧ
˿֪
һ£ȴʶڤӽصĹͲ꣬ڵܣ¶ɽһǣѿƾף
ǰУأֶţδ֪
ûע⵽ڴβһٻӰǣһϮѪȾȹѣѪɫ֣ģá
ѰƲʲô̲סס
ȴһ޷֣ӰڣҰУȴտҲ
ֱִ˰һ·ȴûʲô쳣
Ѫʾ¶͹ϵľѪգ˽ԲԼͬس˿
ԶȺɽݷ֮ϣ
ûκγɣ˽ԵǰϣͲ뿪һѪŵĵط
뿪ǰѰϷ·һ޵̾
ѰȻת
ѪҲ֪ǷǴһֱǿҵĸоѪһԼ
ϸ֪ȴֻǷݵѪ
ôˣ
ͷЩɻؿѰһۡ
û¡
Ѱҡͷ˶ȥ
ֻǺܿ죬оͿһΪϷ˿ϣ֪ʱһö¾ɰƵͭ䡣
ֻͭҴС޻
Ѱֱð亹ͭ䱻ԼϣԼһֱһ˿
˭ģ
ԷԸ⣬Ϣ֮ɱԼ
ѰźۼƳ˼һۣȴǶԴ˸ͻȻ

ĪأѰһڰ׹֮ɽһϮȾѪȹѵӰ
ѰͭУһӦȴֻܵһֳǵı⣬ˣ֡
ûãеġڻָָһ;
˶ظ
ڤӽأĵľʧ
ѣðˣܷ˵˵λսۡ
Ѱǰѯʡ
˽ȻҲ̲סĿ⿴塣
Ҳ棬һλһµսۣΪλǹѪУûͷ­
ʧǣҲ֪֮٣Ҳֻ֪ս֮ţ֪¼
һȷΪսۡĴڣȻٳһԼĵ;
ĿдһĨĽԹ;׷ԴЩ;һԴǻۺʹس
Щ;𡣡
Щ;Ӵҵڵڤ񸮡ڵիһɴС
⴫Уٳĵ;νǸұܹڳ̤·ʱ;
ΪȻ
ѰɫЩ𺳣ҲԺ
Ϊĵ;ͬԼٳǰδУϹʱЩͲǷȱģ޷Ǹһ
гһܹʥȫԿһԼĵͳ̻ҵǧţΪ
ˡ·⡰·սͨ￪ٳ
Ժ޵߶ԣһĴУͬҲһ
Ѱ֮ʹУԽѧϰڵ;Ͽǰδ֮ɾͣͱ̤Լĵ;
һеѧϰΪģ¡
Ǿһͨ֮ǻۣΪãԼĵ;ӵгԽ˵Ļᡣ
ѧĪˡ

һڼǰС
һ·½գоյػ⡣
ôоԴǶɹһѪ֮;վСܶ࣬ɱٳ֡
ʱĪȻ
һ˼⣬Ҳͷ
ⲻǺɱٽ٣ǻǸֻ˵ǵ㲻
Ц
ѰĦָһö¾ͭ䣬˼
ǰ߾ˡ
أǰߴ·ļڣһ˿ϲá
̧ͷȥͼԶطۻĴɽͺͺģһԹؼŻ
봦һϿȣѪھ
ϴΣҾϿѰٵѪ˵ϸ򣬾ͱС
Ѱ
Ѱһ𣬵ͷʾס
ûе飬ǰɫԴһ˿ڴ
ڤѪһ컯ĵطӡ£ϹʱҲǿߵִ˴
һ⣬顣
ԭڣ˴컯ӡ޷ƿ
һβͬһǰδеĴڷӡе컯Իڴ˴δ
Ѫأһ鼤ԶޱȣԽ컯ͰԽµա
֮УһսľߣȻͼ컯سأ
ûãһڿݾҰ
˾ԼĪΧʯڰ߲ȾѪ͸һļµɭ֮
ʱһݲоɵͼһЦ˵أǰѪڤ֮ءڣ
ৣ
һɫӰ㣬ٿȻӸѪӳ˶Ӧ֮ʣͳһڿݾУʧ

һɫʱȻղ֮ǰڤѪڡ
µǣʼնûԷϢ
˭
ΨѰһ˿Ź֣ܸоղǺӰЩϤϲڹĴ
˾Ҳ
²˳٣ҲϽжɡ
һǰһǼһ籡ɫ񶦣ԾڤѪڡ
Ȼľʶǰ䱸
˼ˣҲȥ
Ѱ󷽣ӰԾݾһ˲ָزһ˿
һö¾ɵĹͭ䣡
ֻǣѰϸȥӦʱ֮ͭǰ㣬޷Ӧκ쳣
ԽˣԽѰо˽϶йŹ֣
죬
ѰǸ뿪ûãѪϿڣһȺ޵ߺХ


1205 Դ
ڤѪ֮£
Ѱǽ԰ɿ̧ȥͼ֮أһƬžߡ硣
߽ڤһƬű䡣
̧ͷȥ֮ϣһѪɫС
ղţһǴбŲƳ
һܣóһоͼһо
˵еڤ֮ߣӦþ
ûãȷһλã˵չж
·ϣѰڤ֮ߣֻǵĽзһɰĵطӡĴ컯Ϲʱǿߵִжϣڤ֮ڣĳϴС
ѰͷԴȤֻϸδ
ػߡž
Уݽߣݣ
ϣ
ͻȻǰһɫ񽣳ҫޱȡ
󣬱һţʧ
Ѿȥʱһ·ûκΣգȴžѹ֣ȻһĻʱѰǽһݡ
˵أѵо
Ī
ĿǰΪֹѪڤ֮һ·ǰУκмֵĶҲһ
ǰʮ֮أһСɽķڣ֣ͺͺģڴ˲֪ãǰһʯ
ʯƣʴϡɼдϢ桱˸ϵּ
ѰǶԾ˷ĹѰȴ򵥣СɽڴˣɢһεĴƣ
֡ơϽ񷣬أƬΪһ壬ΣȴΡ벻ࡢߴ֮С
ǰϰСȻη֮С
ѵһʥ֮Ĺ
Ŀȡ
˻Ҳ¶֮ɫһʥ֮Ĺбмֵ˵Ķ
ϣ
أǹĹٿȻһӲӵĵ⣬һزõİڿնȥ쳣ۡ
ղһɫ⣬ҲȻǴӴĹӳ
ĪҲڴ
պ͹죬òײͨڤѪ˵أһ·ȴһ񣬶˻˵ط
ڣ˭Ϊˣ
ⲻǵǡԴԻ󣡡
ա
ѰҲע⵽ɫʵ޵ϸɫĻ۶ɣ
һӣɫͷ
Դ𣬵ڴԴеĻ֣ʹŲ˼á
֪̤ѿԼıֱ
ÿһϵͳԼŲͬط־
ǷбԴȫͬܡ
бԴƷʺܣԻ츲صı仯ӵнΪΪʥǱʣ
ޱԴԶԣƷʺޣԺҲܳɳΪʥ
ȷѰһбԴ𣬾ܲ϶Աдֻĺϣɱ䣬ֱΪʥ
֮ޱԴ޷쵽һ
ǱԴļֵ
磬ԴѱͳеϹǹϷִܹҲ֮٣
Ͼȹ屦ĸϹṰø
ĪӡЩߣǰ֮ǰҲֻǱŸ̤֮ȻأŲŻῼΪıһűԴ
Ҳ˵ǣҪñԴҲﵽŵҪУ
ô˵˷Ĺ֮УŲֹһֱԴ𣿡
嵹Ҳ޷ˡ
Ȼˣֳܹ˾ıƷԾ֮
⣬ԣҲΪ
⻹ûִڤ֮ߣͼҪһĴ컯˭ֻ¶ƽ
Ϣ桭
ѰĿ⿴һ߲ʯ˵أӦȷŹڱԴĻԵ
֮ǰһֱкҪһԭǣлȱһζԴ
񣬻Եܾǰ
ǽ̸ʱСɽķڣϣ½һ貵Ĺܻ̬ͬˡ
ɴ˱жϣڣ֮£ԴԲ
ˣǸϿжɡ
˻һʱ˸ͣǵȷȲˡ

ѰȻڣǰͷųʶϸ֪
˶ЩüСģֱƿڣˣ
ɣ
չ¼޵ľЩͷ̤һ˺ɫսì͵طȣһӶ¡
䣡
Ȼݱ飬ɼһεҡ
ֻǣѰһȴһӣżˣԶԶܿ
ҲͬʱǷĹȻɢĽɲ糱ˮɢ
һչ¼׵壬ݺɳȥĵ䵽⣬ڱѪ
Īӡûܵһʱ˱ܣҲܲǱصֵܲѣӵļҲ֮
ΨѰͼȻ
翴ˣ̲סʡ
ѰֻǸоЩԾôԵһ£û룬չЩżڳȱʡ
շصչ¼ɫʱЩѿڹ£
˵ʲôͱǱӺݺݵһۣʱһٶԡ
ͬʱɫƵ֣ȲΣƽ֮
˵ĿҲѰ
λԵȡ
Ѱ˵ţʼĹ
Ƭ̣һط͵ط
һ𵴣ɽ¶һĺɫʯ壬ͨĹ֮ǰһչĵ·
һһܿǺɫʯӡһͼڣǸ̬Ļ档
е絶罣綦
еַݡޡ֮״
˼ˣ֮࣬࿴Ѱһۣû뵽һܿƴ˵صʵ
ѰȴûЩźɫʯߵǷĹŴһ̽һֻ֣ᰴ¡
꣡꣡
˵һĻˣѰ£ǷĹ֮£ȻһĹžʯֿ¶һ·ͨ
ˣ
˽ԾϲѰĿˣû뵽һ͡
ʵǳ֮ͫĹͣ̽ѨѰޱȵá
Ѱ̤󣬳֮ͫҲ֮ܹƸرʡ
ĪĦȭƣ̲סҪֶ㣬ڨڨؿѰһ̵ֽۣ֣ǷѰȫ
ѰĿЩŹ֣һ֪ԼһٵѰǷ񻹻Լ
ǰȫˣ֮ǷգĿǰ޷϶
Ѱڵ
ǲɽִ·ΣҵȱȫΪ㱣ݻ
Ҳڣ
ʱ֣֮УѰΪȺ˵ĹǣڣĪӺҲòǻۡ
ǽӣﶼᷢġ
вп


1206 ĹѨ
ѰʹӦжǰֽؽһϵкۼһһָ
üȽŲźۼһ䡣
ˣ
ʱڣԭѿʯֺϣһҲʧ
ͷһƬ£һİϢ
ʵںţһĹĹ֮£ǵһ㶼ɭһƵġ
˶ǿżСǰȥ
ܿ죬ǽԳԾ֣ĹѨ֮µĿռ䣬죬ԽԽԽԽԶ
򶼸оԼС
ⲢǴֻ˵ĹѨ֮һ۵ռ䣬Ѱʵޱȣ

ǰȻ׵ǰûãһ޴ıӳ
һѩ׵Ľӳ緭ı⣬âãϬޱȣһ˵Ϣ
ҲȻô̹ǰ㺮䣬ܵĵ涼ɺ͸㡣
ѰǣһִҲ˸飬̫䣬꣡
Уѩ׵Ľѵģ㷭ţź仹з֮
˵Ŀ⼸һʱ䣬ͱһѩױ
͸Өʥ仨ﴦһѩ͸Ļȼա
Żڻҡҷеѩ׽Ҳ֮˴˺ӦȤɡ
࣡
Ҳ֪˭¿ˮžķΧи̶
ע⡣
Ϊ˭һϣһűԴ𣡲Ʒ༫֮ߣ
ֿ˵Ƶĵ𣿡
ĪȣԶ
ǡѩ𡯣ƷԶԶûǰһűԴߣ
Ҳ֮â
֮ǰǶжϳĹѨ֮±زбԴ𣬿ɵʱھϲͿܡ
⣬ǿĴ컯
ҲЩֻһűԴ𣬼㱻ҵȵõָη䣿
˻һнһݣԺеĿʲ٣˴˶ӣЩ鲻
˵أɽѴǰҽ飬ӦȻá
ϵģѩڣҪһűԴøѰ
Ŀѡ
ѰЩ⣬Цˣҹ۴˵ޱȣصıԴҲȻһܹλһͬУΪмһŵ𣬻λɡ
ɫһɣѰĿ˳ࡣ
һ˵֣ҽˣģ˴жҶȡһıԴ𡣡
ĪҲ˵Ϊ˿壬ֺҵȹͬѹѲˣжУҪԸһ֮
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ԭֹΪѰЩͿŴõĻԵҪȴá
ڣԼЩˡ
ѰҪȡǰĻԵȻ塢ĪӵĵִͷУ²ͻҲȻ١
ڽжУֻѰĴ
ʱֱһ塢ĪǵϿɺͺøУϵýţҲڽж
ֻǣѰ֪뷨ȻȻʧЦ
ûô֮࣬ǰ֪ͳ֮ͫĶι۲죬ȷһűԴƷັȴʺԼ
ʶŻŵó
򣬾ǳ׺Īӡ˺Ҳ̸ʲô¡
գЭ̣ǰһűԴ𣬹塣
䣡
Ѱ಻סһʱ䶯֣תΪһֻٿȻīƲӲӵ⣬ճץȥ

ڰ;Ȼһѩ׽һ赲
ͬʱһͷѩѩ۶ɵ֡
˲ã˵ȻԵ֮أпֻ֤ⱾԴ䲻
һ˵̧־һӡƴȾ磬һзɽ֮
ǱѩȻ飬Ӳɱ
һսǲףӦñĪӻҪǿһ˿Ѱ˼
¡
ϣǱѩڷֳʮͷѩ飬ޡݡ֮״Ϣ졣
ѾپǿˣԾ

峤磬ָΪһӡ׼ƥ
һ̣Ϊʥ֮ڤ߳ĹŴ̥һλ̤ǿչֳԼĸܡ
һʮͷѩȫ飬ǿƺɱкɨǬ޿ƥ֮ơ
Ѱ˲һжϣ̤ǿߣӵ˿羳ɱѰʱ
һߣӵпСɱֵս
Ҳ˵ѰĳٵߣҲעĶ֡

룬һѩ׵ĵԾԤеգҪӶݣԵޱȵͨ顣
ȴһ̣߬סק˻
ķͼһ齣ѩ׵ҡҷˣƮĹꡣ
ñ㣬ڤսǹԺγ޷ɱΪʥ緢Цѡ
˻ٶ¶һĨۡ
磬ܹЩߵѾ࣬Դɿı֮һ
¡
ʧȥһűԴǰһѩ˲̮ۿɼٶҰС
ߣǰУҵΪλıһƵĻԵ
졣
Ƿ̬Խ񣬿ûдԶʳͳһ㣬ѰĲ١
Ԥ⣬ĹѨ֮ıԴ
һյʱһͳҰС
ͨɣŽ֦ɽԹͺͺģ֦ͷһŽӲӵĵ
ǵҡҷ֮䣬ոֳһ۵Ľɫ϶ޱȡ
ۼƷ࣬ȫڱõһŵ
֮ǰڹĹ֮һ󣬸òһűԴɣ
չ¼¶һĨտ֮ɫȻޱĶ
ɰԼһŵի߻á
䣡
Īӳˣͬӣһͷͷش˵صĽ飬һͣսǿޱȡ
գǲĪӣ¾һա
һŽɫıԴҲĪá
ˣнڴѾűԴȡ֤ĹѨ֮µ磬ֲıԴԶǵ
·;ϣһҡҷոߴɫƶ䣬ƶУͬűԴ
ǵܻɫġŵơޱȣۼƷʣҪʤ֮ǰűԴ
գﱻá
ԼԴ𣬾͸ֵѰˡ
ԴˣѰȻû¾òϣҲԲԺҲС
ûãһɫĻɽҰС
ɽλãһӲӵĵƮƻðĹԡ
Ʒǲ
˽ʶһŵƷ࣬ƺ֮ǰõĶҪһЩǶĶѡ
˵ȻԵ˭٣
գǻסûƻһ·ѰµӡܲҲźᵶᰮ



1207 һɱ
θ룬Ѱԣɽ֮۵һűԴѰЩ⡣
ǿֱжϣʶеĶн̽
ɵõķȴǡ
޶ԣ
ƶжǷܹõһŵ޷κȤһ㷴ӦûС
ֹѰжϵģѯʹȡһɫʱıԲһȸԾͿ
ѰɣǶеġ۹⡱̫ˣɫƷȷЩ⣿
ͨ塢ĪǵķӦƺɫΪѣ϶ɫƷ࣬õĵҪʤһ
ЩͷѰԺһţͲٶ롣
ৣ
ڿն׼֣ڴʱһɿµϢǵذӿ
ѰȻ̧ͷͼһұţһֲ˼ٶѹ¡
ţ
塢Ī̧ͷұͫһ
ս
ǽһʮ̫ݣٶգޱȣ綼պ
ȻԵɲ˭Ⱦָģ
һıȴǱͬʱһӰս֮ǰ
һ޹Ǵ󹭣һڿնѰȥ
ݣ
һѤõӳ˺գһԵơ
Լ䣬Ǽܣһͷ޷Ӱǵء
ѰȻñ䣬˲ܲʣֱӾͶ֣ɱɺܰԵͰ衣
ͻȻѰҲЩʼϲֻܹĶΪжܡ
䣡
ǧ⣬һɽһУ飬ҽ춼̳
ѰҲһС
ĹѨ֮µ磬粻ͬɽؽԼ̣ѱƻ
ȴһɽȻӵż˵ս
Ӵܶ㿪С㡣
սգһ֣ǿӰϣЩȵؿѰһۡ
뷢ꪣʹͭɫ޹Ǵ󹭣ɢһɿҰ˵İ
ͷ½߳ˣŮӵĪƣˣɨӣޱȡ
ӵоϢһ͸֮һսѪϴĺݽɫ
˵ʱʱ죬ѰڵĻᣬٴңȵ
ţʽɫĵ⣬ҫ۵ս㣬һʯâ˫
ʲôţ
ˣһкֱӾҪɱ˶컯
ģҪôǲ֪ĿͽҪôǵˡ
Ѱɱӿ̤ɻӲԴ
ס֣
ֻǣѰ֣һӰѳǰһģʹһӶϣ켣ƫơ
¡ϱӲһӣضһ£
һӰ壬ۼѰ΢΢Щ⣬ǿ԰סĵɱ
ͬʱĪӵҲѰվͬһӪɫؿһұ
ɽ٣һкͲֱӾҪɱѣǲ̫Եˣ
ɫ䣬ֱǴͷϵĿꡣ
һʥ֮طһĹŴ̥һĺݽɫ
ͬʱѰֻǣʮ̫սЩϡ
һ
һϹʱպյȺȽһĵ̲ĺսȺ
ֻǣѰעȫʮ̫һˡ
Ŀ⿴սʶ˴֮ԭԼġҡС
ԭڤ񸮵ˣԭҲڣ˼ղſûע⵽ǡ
ɽһЦǵǸʵ̬ȼ٬Ͱ裬ʡ
ߣһȺŮɫζ
塢ĪǵɫԶһĨŭЩһ湻ŵģ
ע⵽ˣǷ뿪ˣ
һԷ˶ڣܻɣǽʮ̫Ҳսϡ
ˣƢ̲סôҲڤ񸮵ĹŴ̥һͬ
뿪ҵΪҪ뿪
ɽͷͶ䣬һģӣ˵䲻ĻҷȰǻǸϽʧĹѨ֮µĻԵѱǶϣ˭ҵ˭Ǹǹȥ
ȺŮɫϷʡ
塢Īӵ˵ɫŭɱ¶
Щһﻹ浱ǰ費ɣ
˵ʲôͱѰסҪҵĵ𣬼ˣͽðɡ
ȫһ㶣㲻Լ䡣
ʲôʱˣһﻹЦ
ѵûԷ˶ڣһǾߣ
ɽٵҲһ̲סЦһǱˣɥʧǣŸ˵˲Ĵ
Ѱ˿̵ɫƽĮƻȻǴ̶ĳЦ
Ψ֪ħ񡭡
ŭˣ
˵Ҫһ˴ҵȣң˭Ĺ
ͷϣɽֵѰ
ʹһζᣬ¶Ӻͼˡ
αظһϻ֣ȥΪȡһŵ𣡡
ͬʱһӷŽɫİֱ߳ɽ֮ȥ
ɵڳǣһɫΪ֮ǽŭĻ̣
ֻǣǳһӰһ
Ѱ
̤գƻʵ죬һ޵⣬ٿȻǰ֮ǰ
ӴһԱѰٶȾǾ͹һĨζĻȣ
˵ʱѺȻָ߬ȭ޴Ѱͷ­ݺ¡
䣡
һ˵ǿ졢׼ݣȭȫ貶ĿɽХǡ
ɱѸޱȵķӦϣܿھҲһ
ϧѰ
ңɱеѰ
һȭѰֻһ֣̽һȻƥΰͱӿԷȭж׾پ߬סԷ
꣡
⧲кݺһУ͸оǾʹױΪĩ
ҽУѰһֻ߬ס䲱
㡭
ӼУ׾ţƴɸͽ͡
һ䲱ͱץ飬Ѫʡ
ԪѿǷɶݣͱѰƼŷûɲǼͱ䡣
š
塢ĪԭһǻŭһתۣͿѪһĻЩΣһ
ϣɽٵأЦһϷģѰΪˡ
˭룬һ˲ѣͷתǶ㵣ɴ۾Ƿǻþ
һɱһλߣ
һĻ̫𺳣羪˶ֲš
һƬѻȸУѰڣҵĻԵҲȾָģϧ
䡣
飡
ӵʬ壬ΪѪ


1208 ɽ
ߺ;֮䣬ͬͬһΡ
֮ͬĶԾܹת˲ͷֳʤ
ڣǰȴһ
Ѱɱֱɱ׺ûʲôǸɾһֶΣԵøġ
ѪˮȾգĿġ
һλ߾ˣ
ŵУɫ㱡
ͬΪߣǲףѰܹ׾ٰ쵽һǺε֮ˣ
塢Ī룬һѵĴѪһ᣿
Ϊս˱̬
һ뵽ղţ˵ҪԴ£ȴŵ̬ʱĽӿһ˵ζ
ɽٵˣһӦǲţ
ɣǰ⣬Żᱻ׵ĻɱһиͽͲͨ
ЦǣʱϵһŮӲѹʧУɱ˹ѣ
˺Ƴеš
Ҳó˳ѡ
ˡ
Ѱûȥȡɫ磬ͷϵɽ٣Ŀ䡣
ɲˣղһζԴԼģ

ɽɫһͷƮ裬ͫâֳ޹Ǵ󹭣ɢѪ
⣬죬ˡ
ˣˣ
Ѱ̤գÿһ£ݣ
ҲǽڽȻεӰɢһû˻İơ
ɽ絶âˣУ޹Ǵ󹭱ƵƵ
һΣȫκα

գ˺ҧĤıÿһʸѤ磬ӳֳ˵
ܼļкǶɫ䲻ѡ
޿ɣɽٵսǿΪһ̤ĹŴ̥յԶͬ
֣һҪɱΪѱ𣡡
Щ˶ȣΪɽ
ϣǵصɱѰɫɣܣ̤նϡ
飡
һȴѰǰһ֮赲̶У˰
Ѱһָ˼籬飬Ʈ赭дһ˿̻
⡭
鶸ȻɵùԲҲУ
һ֮Դʯ嵽κһλߣڣȴԵú
ⲻòĲ
飡
ܼļкÿһʸڵִѰǰʱйٶʧȥâ
Ѱָ֮䣬ͼһһ飬絧˵ȥһȺСӡ
УǲͣҡϣһұѾԶ
ɽɫһ𲻶͵һҧ󹭣һ˷컭ꪣӴԾͷɱ
䣡
컭жգϳϼֲޱߡ
ⱦ̸ĵƣǷо춯֮
ͬʱ̤еѰҲݵ£ڴ˿ٿȻ塣
ݣ
һֱ⣬Ѱʧԭء
ɽͫȻһһ̵Ѱٶȿ쵽˺˵ز޷
ҰУֻһӨ貵ȭͷѸٱ

컭ꪾ𣬺Ѱȭײı֮ĲƬնҡ
ۣ
һɽѪ͵ؿѪ
кȻо·һƵɽײϣǶгܲסļ
˼ЩЪ˹Ĵ𣬻Ӷꪣƴȫ

̶̼䣬ѽϰٴΣѰѵȭȫʵʵػڴϣ߾Ұ
ɽճ죬Ѫĵˣȫѹܲס͵Ľ
ֻײħѪһڣɫȻ
Ÿһ棬ɽٶȫѹˣ
֮ǰ֮ԵͰ裬һִѰΪֱӶ֣ʱáڶ䡱ֶʾԼĲм
ڣֱӾͱѰѹסˣ
ǱѪģÿ˶һľëȻ
˭
ϣЩŮ˲ˣԴʶǵһݲӡ
⣬ҲһʣͬҲѰչֳս
ϣѰӲӣħһȭͷƷֲĹâ
¡
һɽٳ׳ܲסһ컭ֶɣϵս׶飬Ӱкݺ¡
ɲأѱѰ
ã
սϣЩŮɫ䣬ʶɽٿҪѡ
ֻǣǽоѰһֻ̤ɽϣƷ
飡
ɽԸٶ䣬Ӳڵƿһӣͷ֪Ѷٸ
˻ҽУ׾֡
ûļһһǿޱȵĺˡ
˶ѴǣɽٿǷһĹŴ̥սһ߸¡
ڣȴݿѹˣ
ͬʱѰȴЩüողһŵԽһɽ촷ۣɽȴֻǸˣûбС
ৣ
ٴγһ̤¡
ס֣
ЩŮȣȴ뵲סޱضǡ
ղţǿҲһ޴йЩΧѰ
䣡
ɽٴӴб˱ܡ
ɸãһαѰһ̤ϣϡ

˻Ŀѣʹһ˵ĳ裬һͬ˼̤ץ
ˣ
ţһ첨һƬɫϼתǴٿȻѰĲ̤

ɽħҷɢѪ⡣
ţһƬϹתضһ滤ľʵع׾ʥȴӿżΪϢ
֮ǰѰ֮ûܽУǱ⻤ľ⡣
ɽսϣ˽г
ֲãǰûõһ챦ܹɱ٣ۡ
𣿡Ѱ䣬վУڷƮҷӲӵĵͬһٳ
˻пһвá
ৣ
ͬʱѰѳ
֮ǰɽΰɽ٣ѰԣɱԷΣɱԷΡĴΡ
ԷŭɽҲʶףųѰԥѡӶݡ
ͬʱ˻Х˴ʱ㻹֣
䣡
ѰɱٶȲ˼Ŀ졣
ɲǴ
ͼѰһָŴ֮һⷽء
ס֣
ͬʱһͳ
ģһĽɫӰ
ֻǣɫӰѰһָվһ
ʼգѰɸûסֵ˼
ԭɫӰɽѰɿ֪վܿԼѡ
ɴʱȴȻ֣Ѱһͣٵɱǵѣһ޿ӣ޿ɱܵС

ɽٴްƴȥֵ
飡
ֻһ̣ɽ㱬顣
飡
ţɽ屬顣



1209 Сս
һָɽٱУ
Ȼɽ໤Ҳͽ͡
ңһжɲǼĻ쵽˼¡
ǣսЩŮԶȻһȫ嵽
ɽ٣һλǿľߣȴɱˣ
¡
˷ӦһɫӰѱɱ
һ信ӣһͷ𷢣ͨ籦⣬һսì
ˣǽʮ̫
һʮλ̫ӣΪСսȴھֳ츳޳һġСս
˿̣ûֹʱȻɽ٣һɫ뱩ŭ
һսìɨնһնѣһµѷ죬·ر˺ѶϾ
ģ޾棬Űɢ֮նٻɽ
һԳǿ˽һʶٵˡ
飡
ѰתܣȭŷսìӲһ
ɲǼ䣬غΪģһɿֲˮɢɫ䡣
ǱѰӰҲһΣѪЩȣһսǲС
ͫҲһУߣսìһûǧص⣬ǵأ羪κˣϯŷ
ͣӲӵģսսìָ޿ƥеǡ
ңϢҪԶͬɽǿ˲֪١
飡
ɲĽŷѰȭڿգ֮Ӳһħһսֱɱذ޹⡣
ɱ
¸ԽǿƣеսìգƲɵ
ǿ
ǽԶݣǶ˵ۼĺ
ʮ̫ӣɱϣ
սϵһŮԿ
֮ǰѰ½аӺɽ٣ǽľɥ
ڣ֣¿ϣ
˭Ƥɱˣ
ɫһսìӶ£âɨ֮
¡
ƬضڶݣɫŰӳĵս
һǿ󣿡
ľǰδУ֪˾ս֮ǿж⡣
ɴѰϣȴǽԲһ̵֪
ڴ˾Уѿƶ⣬ۿɱȣ
ͺñȺɽоۣɽɽ֮ĸ߶ȣҲǧ
ǽһСսսսʮ̫ӱʤսϣܶ˵
УѰһֱһֱĴâѱѹƣ֮ǰսɽʱǰǿơ
üǶЩǡ
ֻǣû֪Ѱһֱ
飡
һν棬Ѱǵõ˳ʮɡ
˵ɣô
ɫ䣬Ŀ𺣬ǰɱսìȼգŷĿĹ⡣
ѰâʶΪݶսܿ޷ͶԷ⡣
ٶܣҲΡ
䣡
һ̣ŷ⣬糱ŸӲӵĽ֣ɢϡ

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ӰҲõˡ
һ˵âû㾹б
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Īӣһ˲ϳѰݣɫдš
ͻһ㣬ȴ޷ȷڣѰչ¶ƣϳˡ
һ˵ıŤ
һ·ϣǶѰأ룬һǸԼһħ
ʲô
塢ѩҲסһħ
ͬʱսһŮҲһģҲ˵ħš
λҲǹǸоһ·ԲסǵĵطǸ
ѰӰٿȻһ䣬ָ忡׵ģ
Ȼ
˽ϳˣһʱɫԱò
֣ҷһҵȲǲʶô֮ˡ
ڣ֪սǰǼƽЩʱ
Ҳͷ
ߣһֱ̫ˣ
Īߣɻǻࡣ
üһ˵ʵ浣Ѱݱ¶ֱ֮Ŀ
ĻѰĴɼΪ
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ħ񡭡ħ񡭡㣡
ͬʱâ£ɫÿ£ɱ֮ղŸǿʢ
ƬأڰƳܲסϵɱ⡣
ɫá
˭̫ѰУ
ңǰħɽѪϴһϳԪˡ
Ѫ
Ϊһʮ̫ӣܲħ
ԭУҲ˽һĸֱŵһʱΪľǻɱħ
Ѱݽ¶ֻ©֮УڤڤעҪֻɱа
һ뵽⣬̧սìңңָѰһͷǣΪƱףǵҽһ³
𣬿Щѻһԣҽ֮еĽѻȫˣ
Ѱ䣬ҲĪĻ
ڷɽʱͱһԣִϾžֱټΧˡ
ڣſڱտڶҪɱԼǰԼʲôˣ

ȣѿƲסԼɱ⣬ǰһȼյĴպƣӰҫƥ
䣡
ͬʱѰҲﺳűͽű䣬Ʊ֮ղǿһء
飡
ɲǼ䣬һսìӿɽХ㱻ˡ
ɫ΢䣬췢Х
֮ǰѰűѹסâڣעȫһˡ
ڽսУѾԷתƣѰݿ࣬ǿǰ壬ħС
ƾսì֮εȿɲͷԱѰԾѹʹݿ壡
⡭
սɵۣƱ仯̫죬ǷӦ
ֲܹѪϴɽأʢ֮ʿпѡ
һ·ͬеĽһħжһ΢ĸо
Щ£ûһ򣬷Ǳ˲ɡ

͵أһı𣬾ͼϣѰͽ߬סսìָνìǯס
ָ͵һ
һսìȻ
˵ǺεǿӲսì
ɫһ䣬Ҳû뵽ٱսѰȱ̬ҿֶУ

𣬻սȣӳֱϣѰָɨȥ
Ѱת֮ŭһȻޱȵΰһӲŤһսì
飡
⧲𣬻Ѫڣ󶼲㱻飬ѵսìֶɡ
ĵˣܵ˿µĳ
˶ͷƤ飬˹ƵģħҲ̫ײ˰ɣ


1210 ޳
Ѱһ۶ϵìӳ䡣
飡
ִ֮䣬佫ìʱѰѱһȭݺϡ
ȻȫֵɱôڿѪɫȻ԰ס
˵
ħ֮Ǹܵǰδеĳ񶼲ڣţսǿ
⵽Ĵܣĺ
˭ս֮ǿᣬɽٸǿ󣬿ɱħķâѹǣβĺ
ֻǣڴʱѰȴٿȻֹȻһ
ͬʱϣŷһɳȻƣԡڽɫϼС
һһ֮䣬հݡ
Ժ󣬸һ񻷣ӳֳڷ࣬չ裬ԡ棬ɢǵ֮
࣡ɹ˳һ٣
Ծ
Ҳɴ۾
̤㳤;ɹһس٣ڵΪһ࣬ꡣ
֮ڣһ֮ƥĳ壬սʱܹӳ˼ܡ
⣬ǳپߵı־
һĳǿߣżʡ
֮Ϊ߶볤һپģȴ٣
Ͼһ޵߽֮ʱŲܹ꣬˶ʱ̤Ѿ侪ˡ
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һʱ䣬˿Ŀⶼˡ
ɣھ۵;ϣѾһ󲽣ִﵽ˸ߵĲУ
ԭǴ㽫˾ɱﵣԸѩʥŮЩɫġ
ʱ纣ǬͳᣬܱǰôҲһϧվҪ
һ֣ɱ磬Ⱥļ¡
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ѿƱֶ̬ɹһ٣Ϊǲ츲صı仯
ħʲô֮⣿
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Ѱɫƽ
̤㳤һپȷ⣬ȴ̸Ͼ¡
ʱֹһο羳ɱУѳΪߣ߳Լһ;޵η壿
˵̤ڣûһͬܰļȳ
ҲûУ
ѰҪһΣӵж͡
֪
У̤նԺƣڷɢϣȫ
ն
ٿȻһڳᣬ֮Уƥǰնɱ¡
䣡
ѰԺűֵȴһģ嵹ˡ
ɫ䣬Ķ
ѰйڵĪӣϢüͷ
ն
壬һͷյĽڣ쵶նɱ֮
һΣѰԽűԿŸӲӵĽƣȴɱƳ
ǽڳɨˣѪʣɼǣ
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ȣɲһʢĽɫ棬Ӷڳᣬ쵶
Ըɫ䣬ҵļơ
飡
ѰٶȱɣпѪ
Ѷǣ˴˶ӣԴΣһ֣Ѱ˵ء
Ʋǵ뷨սϣһŮĿ˸źۼؽȥ
ȻֻҪǶ֣Ȼܵǵ赲
ѰͰɣ˴̫ϵҲһܾȵ㡣
ᣬ͸Ų̣һͷΪƱѪ¾ƣ
䣡
˵ʱڳ񵶡
ɾͬʱ۵ѰȴȻ̧ͷӿĺâһ˲ԭҲˣ
ϣ
ͬʱӳӨá
ſն
һ˲֮ŭսʥתˮ֮һնҲǰδеܣ
ʱ䡢աڴʱֹţΨһâէ֣Ծš
һĽڳᱻ˺ѿһӣ׷ɣȻɢ
ԶͫȻһ̽Ĵһ䱻ȴһѪܵ˺ۡ
ĴʹУЩţԼˣ
ϣȻֹһŮĿ࣬ôôַת
ҲסǶӪѰ׼ɽȴȫϣ
ˣ
Ѱƻõԣӳĵƽһɱ֮
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ն
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貵ĽڳӿգնٻϢżԶҲڳ˵
ն
ͬʱѰҲչնɱ
һΣն
˻һ֣ɲǼ

ԶǰһѪۣƤѪʡ
飡
ͬʱڳնɱֻǸյִѰǰһ֮أʹбֱΪ룡
Ѱվǣܡ
Ͳ˼飬ʵնӳȻ˽ڳᣬ
ֻٶ̫죬ڲӾ
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
ǶԣѰ˿̵ı֣ȫ޷óԵ̫̬
ɶ񣡡
ɫޱȣĿֱ
ǰ羳ɱǿߣڣֵ˿羳ˣԽܣ
䣡
ƿնûڳᣬѰнɱ
Ǿݵ˼£
ǿߣԵֵᱻֱӼ
Ѱԣڷȫָһԥʩչ޳ն
޳ζ޶ʽ
Ѱ־ʱ޳նǿɱﵡ
̤һʩչС
Ϊβ㣿
ĪӴС
Ҳ㤣еޱȵĲ⡣
Ǿˣ
ۣ
Ϣأͷ­Ȼֿ
ǣԼƻȻɫɴ̵ŭ⡭
ֱ𺧵ľ͵ʶԣͷŴ㵷֣Լ岻ˣ
⡭
ɴ۾д˾㵡Ȼͫ׵ɿʼɢ
ʶȻңǰڣû֪
ûףԼαնͷ­ģ
⣬޳ն
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䣡
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ʼգѰܣӰ˿
һ£ˣѰȷض㣬Ϊڲ֪ѣ
ֻǣһ뵽ǵȹ˲ֱð׹ߣ


1211 
ˣ
λһšСսƺŵľߣԾޱȵ̬̤㳤һ֮ӵмǰ̡
ڣȥһжɢ
мžʧ
Ѱչֳս֮죬Ҫ߸ǵ֪
ʶȻΪߣͬĵ;֮䣬Ҳ֮ġ
֮ǰѰеİӡɽ٣
Ѱʱȴм֮
̤㳤һپǿߣҲѰ羳նɱ
ֱ졣
ֶѰı̬
ʱ塢ĪˣѰĿԸ⸴ӣһƵĹ
ѰϢЩ΢
һս½ɱˣҪǶ˴ָ޳ն־ɱֶΣҲļ
ˣϺδ
ӣ
أսϣ˼У̶ֻӡ
ɽˣҲˣǽʧȥĻٳɣ
¡
սܾҰƵģѹվͳԶȥ
ߣʹүү𣿡
崽ǷһĨЦѱȥ
ҲٺЦȥ
֮ǰЩһһһţǽԸеҲס
ôǿɶǾ塢ĪӻǹŴ̥̲ɽٲ
ʱԲʹˮĻᣡ
ˣɱڣȻ֮ǰҲһҪйһ¡
ЪϢЩһｻˡ
ߣѰƵ֣ʹˮĻᶼ
Ѱѡ¡
Ƚǰӡɽ١ѹһõսƷ֮ȴЩ⡣
ҩԼʮҩ
ˣиɫĺϣǼֵѼĺûɫ
ЩսƷѰһꡰҶΡԵøԴ࣬ܲƵģ籡ϼҩ㡣
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ڣռҩϰ֮࣡
ѹε˵սƷҲԼߢġ
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ѰѽȣҶͷԵĴзһֱӶ˴ǰ·
ӴСּˣˡ
һģǸտѰһһϲӡ
ٸװ
Ѱ磬ƻޱȡҲĺޱȵɱڡ
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һתˣᷢݵˣүǿ㣬ųһСѣ㻹ԼˣϽٸҵүĵ㲻ɡ
Ǹ˵һӾͱ¶åˡ
Ѱ̲סЦ磬͵س񲱾߬ȥ
飡
һںڹڴǰѰָһ飬ڹȴ˿
Ц׳գ͵Ϯү֪ү͵Ϯһ𣿡
Ѱüע⵽ڹŹ֣һɬܹ֮
Ҳ˵ղԼץȥһںڹõԼָ顣
ֲϲڹԭ⾹һѵһıѰ˼
ʱ裬СӣֻһűԴѣžôүȥɣ
Ѱ͵̤ǰεİ½ɢٿȻֶ¡
񷢳һֽУһչӰĵԶԶܿ
Ѱɫ⻹һμ½ʧЧ˱ܿ
񲻼򵥰
ٸɱүˣų߳ŭ
˵ȫԸܲܽ£Ѱ˸ΣյĹâ
ƾ㣿Ȼ
˵⣬ע⵽ѰԲǿЦʱɿһһСѣҲʶˣαشɱɱأ
ѰźۼؿŶȻʶΪλҪҵıԴ𣿡
źۼصˣȻˣⱾԴ𲢲ʺ㣬ԸһԣҵǿԸָԽ򣬸һ̲š𡯵ĵط
Ѱʱ¶Ȥ֮ɫ˵
վס𶯣еһľ衣
ѰȻֹ˵ڲƭңұ֤ߣҲñǲƤ
ͳ鴤һ£໰ջס𣬾Ͳھݴ֮һʯ·
˵⣬ʲô£۾ضѰѰҪȥҪץʱ䣬һһСһѾУһЩ
˵꣬Ѱоһϸ
һꣿѰֱӴϵ
ʶСӣģ˵ҾСӶУҲԸүȥҲԸһСƽϣˣ
һ߷ߣǺܴ󣬵ɵӶܿ϶ǵط˲СĿ
ѰøҾص㣬ҷߡ
ƲѰԾСѣĪǡ
˵˵Ѱüٴδϡ
ֲ̲ס໰һﾹκȳԼֱǷѵ
գסˣһص˵
ѰȻسŵΪⷴôЩ⡣
ǰŤͷ˵ǵҸ˵ĹŷҪС
˵գųӿնȥ
ŷӣ
ѰâһԴز´˿һøжûС
Ѱ㵵ǣǴȥ
һޱȵӣ˵˵㲻йŷӣΣһҪѴؼžľȫˣ
˵ҧݡ
пʲôѰü
˵̫鷳ˣֻ֪زǾԲݵģ
˵գӶƿնȥ
һΣûٷء
ѰĬȻЩƽ
ؼžһľоʲôܣΪλزִҪԼ
֪ˡ
Ѱһ֪̾ĶԶԼҪ࣬ȴƻͺϡ

ԼõԶɼʥɮͺڻʥ֮ԵҲͬҲеҪٵգ
ŷӡ
ѰһĬ֡
ͬʱԶ£Ҳһ̫ˣСӡܳܵ𡭡


1212 ĺ«
ûãǷء
ɫ䣬ԴһĨãȻղŵ׷ɱйлܵĻ
ֻǵѰʱ˼֮⣬ɫЩӡ
֮ǰǶѰһԴжѾ͡һ˲һθС
ɵ֪ˡһѰԶЩ⧲ʴӡ
ڣսѰǶԴѰ֪Ҳ΢
֮ǰ˵ĺܶഫţʱܲмţ֮գһҪɱɱ硣
ȿˣɫп˭룬ҵʱ뷨ǹڼˣͬѹˡ
ͳһ˿ʧ䣬Ҳһ˿Ȼ
ѾǺܸߵ
ɲһʥ֮ڤ񸮵ĹŴ̥ս֮ǿ
ܹڴ˿̹ȻԼļ֤֮ǰѰΪѵҲֻ̾
ںպħУ
Աߣչ¼ҲڣʱѰһлܣһֱڻ
ڣҲֻܳˡ
Ҳ׷׿ڣһʱ䣬յ±Ǣ
ԭڣ֮ǰѰȻװݣһ·жУȴδκζǲ顣
ȹѩҲΪƿĹѨͨ
ڶȡԴжУչֳ߷ڣһ塢ĪһñԴ
£Ŀܻ᲻飿
Ƿˡ
ĪһֹѰѹȫı
ڣòȥѰа壬Ҳֻܱǰˡ
ಣ
Ѱһ׸ĪӣЦԭĪֵĶԭ㿴ȱٶˣ
ĪһݣһЦÿˣͳȺؽĪӳ׷ˣ
˼ˣȻ
һԾһУҲĲƽ
壬ĪӣɶǰĹŴ̥
Ѱʤǵĵ̣ǷȴǼ֮ѵ飡

ûе飬Ѱչж
·ϣѰԼϸ֮ˣԭţԼ˵˽£ͷһ롣
˭룬Īӣ˽û˳ʾѰǵѣͱ˵Щ⻰
ѰˣҲЦˣЩ
ڹŻЩ꣬Ѱύѣָ
ܺ塢Īǵѹϵûﵽ֡빲εաĵز
ѣȻȵָá
塢ĪǶԣħཻγֲһ£
ǵݣȫںѰжٳңǷǣ۵Լ
ǵˡ
޵ߣȻоηƳѰһ뵽ѰཻпҪǣ۵飬עΨֶ֮
ûãǴṩѰȻҵһ
ͼ죬һŵĴ¯ڵľʯɣ߲ڴ˲֪£ɢϲãϢ
һֻһƥ֮С
ͬʱһͭ¯Уܴ˵ĸоѹޱȡ
һ㣡
Ȼ
ǵľ磬ѲˮϮ
ڣһʯͨеưĴʹѹ֣ͺܲѰˡ
ѰĿ⿴ʯײͼһԹţԲ̫ϸŷܵĵƣɬޱȡ
ϸ򣬾ǱУ
Ѱһͬʱתʶͳ֮ͫϸǰʯ
ʱǰȻһ䡣
䣡
ؼ䣬Ψʣһ¯ȼգʲô쾭γǺӣȫһգ
ʲôʱ֮ۡռ֮켣
Ҳ粻棬¯
ǻ¯ء¾γʱͿռ䡢Ǻ㶨ΨһͲ࣡
䣡
ѰϸӦֻʹ޾УҰ֮أŰĻ档
ľһҪĸо
һ̣͵ؾѹɫǱò԰ף亹͸ղǻ¯ʯĿ
ٿˣҲڹĦͲ̽ȴƲκ쳣
Ѱһаϸһ磬ȻǷĳ׮컯Żᱻڴˡ
֣λѾǱʯڣ
ʵɫһ˿Ϊʯ䲻򵥣ܴŲԤĴգ
ѰͷλԵȣǰһԡ
˵ţǰתȫעСʯײĹš
ˣ
ϣžӦ
˽һѰеЩ⡣
˵صķӡѱƽ⣬Ƕɡһ̾Ϣʯڴ
ϸ
Ѱһ۾Ϳʯڣһĵ˿һڵϣһϮۣϸ
ֻǣɫ価޺;ɥһ겻ģ
Ѱ߽ʯ׷˺£
һһѾ˽ȵˡ
ϸоǲʣɫ粻
һԣϸ򼴱㷢ŭҲһַĸоǱףķŭ
ڣȴһήҲ̬ɼܵĴε֮

֣ǽԵǱԴƷߵĴڣƿ
û¾ͺá
Ѱο֮ǰĵľϸİΣۼ˿
һ
ϸоԹͷһ׮컯ԭǱҵһϵģɻȡɹͱ˶ߣܸ𣿡
ģֻΪͻȻ֣ҷģñ˳룬һ׮컯ҵˣ
˵ƿڴ
Ѱɫù죬ֻ
ҲȫؼҪ֪˭û٣һ׮Եˡ
˭ģѰʡ
̫һڣ㡣ϸ

һ
̫һڣԭǹŻϵͳеȻ
㣬̫һڵ֮ҫۡ
֮ǰѰҲ˵ˣǵһָľ۾ͷ֮һ
ܹ֮ȼģҲֻ桢ҶĦڭնˡ
ˣ
Ѱӿâʲô㣬ȻǵԼֵܣǾǸԼȥ
ûУ˵ˣֻԵԸˣ֪ʲôζ𣿾ͺұǿϴˣǿȴһʴȵģ˵ֻҪҪģ̫˱ˣ
ϸҧгݣ޵۾ɵùԲ
ˡ
ѰͷԺҵˣҰֻع
ƽȴһĨɵζ
ԣа֪˶ëħǷڵô
ǽһжϣᣡ
Ϊɲһɫ֮ʮ̫Ҫغ͵͵
ǿȴ޿ģ
Ȼ֮ѡȺڴˣһΪ˵㣬ܸо˵ػйŹ֣
˵⣬ϸվһɨüήҺһԽͫӲӷ⣬ĦȭƣһƵġ
˻һ˶ʱע⵽ܡ
ʯڲƴռ伫
Զһ͵ĺ«٣֦ҶڣΣɢ
һ𣬾һ«ϣһɫ«籡ĵ𣬴飬ɫƷ֮ߣɹ
ϸָǺ«٣ɫ𲻶Ȼ˱ߵĻԵдʹ
ԵĻԵΪλᱻ˽ȵǣ
岻⡣
ϸбһۣǿȡʱвٵ³ҵһεִ˵ʱнܲɱأã˭ܵõԵģ
Խ˵ϸԽζҷ˾ţ֮üβѣŰѴ˵صĽһһƳ˭룬ȴΪ˼£ģֱ̫Ƕˣ
Եɡ
ѰʱߵǺ«ǰʵ羫ȴһ«٣ȷʵЩŹ֡
ֹˣ㿴
ϸָź«ٸ֮ǰþ취Ҳ޷«ٸγٵУŹ֡
˶չϸ
ĪԳ֣طƻһ⣬ʧЧˡ
Ǻ«ټޱȣˣ
˵ֻһ«٣һֺޱȵϡ
档
Ҳô˵ʱþֶΣҲһߣջǰ׷
ϸЦ
һ𣬵ȷһ֮ɱȣλ˿ԡ
Ѱãһԡ
˶¶ڴ
ħս֮ǿǿĿá
ֻǣʧǣѰҲУǺ«ٱ͵ģȫκλ
Ҫ֪Ѱ֮ս̤㳤һپľǶ֣ڣȴκβһ«٣
ԵôﲻˣӦһ겻˼
ʱѰȻ¶һĨɫ
ԭ׼н̽ʱоǺ¶һ˿ĻɬǿԾԾԡ
ûгɣӳ
ϣ
ɲǼ䣬ֻǰһʹѩããǻԡ
ѰУд˿ֳ̳ȫ̬ͬ渡ֳһƬһƬͼǹ㸲̵ĺ«¡
з绶ڼȡǺ«̺
ȡԭ͵ĺ«ٿʼðơ
ֱǿή䣬˻ҽƮ
˽ԶݣǰһĻʶѰһڶеԲˣ
ϸ̲ס࿴ѰһֹۣҲδ˵ʲô
ʱѰԺһӴӵĴ


1213 ֶ
ڷ⣬Өѩ͸
һƲȻǻƣӳĵöãʥϢ뵣ϲ֮
ѰʶУֳһصĵͼ϶嫣ճһԪ֡
һһǡƴ֮ۼ
ǵͼ֮ԪִУһֶԶе÷ţޱȡ
ˣѰЩҲܵӦֵƿغһصС
ʱŶмȡǱ̺«ٵһӴȻĴҲٴӿѰʶС
һµĵͼܡ嫡ɬѰʶвϱ任
գܻճһ֣
䣡
˲ѣѰֻʶһӿĴ󺣰㣬ӿֶ
Ѱĵ׸ֳ¶ɬ类ඥӡͷ
ֻᣬȴ޷˵νԡ
ԭһִ߷ܵļطԡ֮նС
Ѱͷ򣬻Ȼʡ
ڻáԪִʱѰע⵽еĴзĲֱ֣񣬲ŻԵɺ֮£˵ڶС

˵ԪִöеһֶֻΡ
ô⼫ִУǸݽ겣νеܴ߷£
Ѱݡ
һȴ˶ɬĽҪ֮ศɵĴܽͷų
ò˵̫

ʯڣռž
еĿⶼȵضŶУͷ貵ԣһ«̺ϼȡ
ʼգȻûע⵽УѰڻԵɺ֮£һǣмصĴС
ѰԼȻҲὫ˽˵
ۣ
ûãһ죬ѱÿήơΪҽĺ«٣Ҳʧ
ǵϣ¶һȭͷСĿ
һ۵Ŀһ֡ɲ⡱ļ֮У
أ巢ƺߣɫ䣬ղʶ̽ǵ¿Уʱһɼɲ֮
նʶо궼ᱻУ
˼ˣԲ
ԡ
ϸƲʲôһѪܵòкֳ̧ǵ¿ȥ
˵һĻˣòк׹ԨһӱСޱȣգ۾ʧ
˽ԶݣϸЦˣѰһֶȭͷСʵ繵Ԩ
ͫӲӣĦȭƵһ굮ĺ«ٸϵǴֶгڶŸĻԵ
һӣ˵ĿҲ
һΣô죿̲סʡ
ϸԵвðյĵˣش˵ء
һһˣ续ӡ
ȴһ㶼˽Щ㵣аһ湻ġ
ңѰ㣿
ƽһμϸʱѾ̹һİԲ˶ŭ
ϸ˴Ҫ˵ʲôͱѰסûˣϽʼжɡ
Ȼϸ򲻿ˡ
ͽһｵһϸһ佾ļһҶԼӽкȳ⣬Ѱǰѱ˲۽硣
ಣ
ûгɣϸһֶȥͼӰȻСֱϰ㣬ʧֶ
˼ˣҲϡ
һĻ޵߿ֻ˭ţһȭͷСĵ¿ı仯
䣡
ֶ£һ磬Է٣Ψһɽ籡Ļ࣬ס
Ѱǵִʱһ¯е֮УĴʹ
ȻתȫҲֻǿֿס޷⣡
ǡ
ܿ죬ĿԱԶһŵĻɽɫ䲻ƵظֳһĨ𺳡
һɽؼ䣬һڴ¯ǬɢԻĿֲϢ
˶ݵǣӻɽ緢ĸ۽һŵ
еĵɻˣĴƮ費ϼնյݡ
еĵƹһ֦һҶȼգҡҷ涣һƵĻ硣
еĵǹꪡᡢ̬ɫͷף巽죬ͷųĹ档
ΪֵĻһţ
ÿһֵ𣬽ʵıԴ𣬹ŻѵһѾ
ȴżʣ
졭
չ¼ĿɴĿһ漣
Ҳ㱡
֮ǰĹѨʱҲѰٵűԴĿ٣ϲ
ǰһĻһȣȫǲֵһɹС׼ף
˷ˣľһĴ컯
ϸ򼤶С
ѰҲ޷ƽ
˭ţⲻ۵ֶ֮£ֳһκľ
ǣѰоԼҪıԴ֣Կڴ˵Ѱٵ
ಡ
չ¼ȳˣñԴ֣˿̶һܻΪս̬ɫ
ֻǣڿգմ㳯ԶĻɽУȻֳһðĻӰǰ·
һȻ
ͬʱһӰڣϢ棬ִܹ˵أѾ߱ȡʸ񣬵õȹҵһأ
ն
һ£һӰ󷽣ֳʮ˵Ӱ
ÿһϢǿޱߣգսһسεѹϢ
ģ֪Ե׻õġϸƿڴ
ɫҲء
ʮŵӰɢϢ֮ǿǶеһѹ֣֪սԼɲ
ʵ˭Ѱڵ
һӰܸоǲĻ
ȻһΪ׵ĻӰͻشҵ˹ش˵أÿһˣһսҵȵĻᣬ޷أ˵صԵ
˶ʱˡ
ǻɽȡ𣬾ͱȴʮŵɹĻӰ
ܲȺϸе
ǻӰĮնˣÿ˽ܵʮλսΧ
˻
˵ÿ˶ʮλսΧҪʤѶȿɲһĴ
ϸһЦ棬ֻǿЦ
һڻսɫĮȻģֱϸ
ɣ
չ¼Ѿ̲סˣһһ˺ɫǹɢ˵ơ
䣡
̤գȥǹգǧˡ
ͬʱǵһսҲˣٶ죬һڻս֮Կ
ѰǶݵǣսʵȾԵò˼֮
ΨһİǣսĮȻһ֡
ȻǵȥأֻҪһһʮλսͿ˳ִǻɽǰȥȡǵĵ
ֻǣ׹ף˭ЩʵھߵĻսٵպѹɲһĴ



1214 ִеĿ
飡
Ƭ̺չ¼޽еĺɫǹ͵һʩչɱգֻɱ׷ɡ

գۼ䣬һλ񽫵۳
ֻõһࡣ
չ¼޼ˣͣЪɱ
յʱ½Ѿʮλ񽫱ܣ˱ܿ·
ò˵ھУչ¼չֳսѿһ
ֻȴüѡ
Ϊսʱչ¼󣬶ĶԽչֳսԽǿ
˳֮£չ¼Ҫж֣ϣѾ
Ȼڻܵڶʮĸֺչ¼վ֧
ˮ͸д˲ʡ
ټһ컯ǰȴֹֻڴˣɾ̫ˡ
ϢлأıһűԴ𡣡
尲ο
չ¼ĬȻȻٲʣҲֻˡ
һ£Ҳʶһظǰùģ
ѩ
սֻչ¼ʤһ˿ڻܵڶʮŸ񽫺վûܼס
˵ɫ

Īӳչֳս֮ǿ˽ǰһΪ֮ܲѡ
ֻǣں͵ʮŸɱʱĪҲ
ô
ɫ𲻶
ĪӿһλŹֹ̥Ҳ;ܣ˵ľԱóء
Զǻɽϵ컯󣬿޷Ҳվֻһգ
Ѱʼնڹ۲죬ĶԱȺͺжϳЩ񽫵ʵ
ĪǵܣѰЩ⡣
Ժ鲻Խֳһͷ߾λָߵǿ
⣬עʥ˶޷ش
ΪͲֹ
Ѱڳߣ̤ϴ˾ǰδС
ͬʱڴ˾ǿ֪ȴ޷һȷĴ𰸡
ڣѰһǿҵ뷨˾һƬհףبδУΪΣԼ壿
ͷðѰԼһ¡
侲֮ϸһ룬뷨󵨣ȴǲΪ飡
УӲѭؾɣҪ
޹ŽΨ֮;Եӵпʷ֮ȺӵǣȥŽδ֮£
Խ룬Ѱĵ׾ԽһƲסĳ嶯
գһ侲
һبΨеľ磬ǰδ֮£ǱŽʥֻ֪ҲԼΪɡ
˶עܽܣ
ΣѰһԣĿǰûŷ͡
һգԼھ޵У˾֮£Ļ֣Ѱ˵㣡
һ̾Ϣ𣬾˳˼еѰ
ͼԶ԰ףüһ˿ʣսзء
ҲˣڵʮλС
óˡ
ɡ
һ󲽶
ϧҲˣ˵ʮλսУѾԶˡ
Ҳֳֻ֣ܴسɹˡ
ЦúǿȻʧܣҲܴ

ϸѵȵòͣȳȥ
սܿ챬
˾ǣޱȵ꣬սǿ֮һ·ݿ࣡
Ѱ⣬ףϸԭһλŴ̥ۼ̺츳ѷɫκιŴ̥
ǷɳٿĻԵ֮أϸȻ˲˼ĴŻڳΪߺսҲ֮츲صı仯
˶̾Ϣǣϸں͵ʮŸ񽫶Ծʧˡ
Ҳ˵Ͳһܹأ
ģӾͲаˣϸŴƶѪ
Ͳһ컯ֿɵãƫƫڹ۰ˣֱ̫ĥˡ
ֻǣֻһΣϸҪʱͱʮλΧɫضš
ϸɫòסһӵĲʣˡ
ˣоʣѰһ˲ء
֣¾ֻҳһڶˡ
ҧ
Ҳͷͬ飬Щ粻ĳС
ȷ̫ˣټһ컯ƫƫЩĶ赲ǰ˭жʹˡ
ǣһҪǣϸҲ۴С
Ѱͷⲽǰ
ˣ˽Ա죬ŹעΨִŵѰս
ֻɱʮ̫ʱչֳսʮָ޷赲ס
ĪӵΨһҪĵǣ־Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ܸ㶨Щļһ
һյʱɡ
Ҿòᳬӡ˼
ӣ̫СֵˣҿʮŸܸ㶨һС
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˽ԲݸΪ˵Щˡ
ЩһȺķܽЩ˶赲ס
ϣ
УѰԥ˶С
˲䣬ϢΪ֮һ䣬¾ӰһΪ֮ɫơ
ƽȻת˸ոջõġִУ
ˡ
ֻĤһʹеһҡҷ
󣬾ͼУӨѩĶУֳɬܵͼӳгѰ㣬ҫƥ
ܣնұ飬Ƴܲסѹ
⡭
˽Զݣ䲻ǽʶѰһͷţעͬѰ
ϣϣϣ
ƲΣգһ̣ʮλ񽫾ԼıУٴС
ն
ѰУ³һ֡
Գ棬бӶ
ۣ
һλ񽫶ֵͱΪ룬絶жɣ
ɲ˾ƲڶλҲնɱ
ǵĸ
ۣ
УܼıҲ֮Уͼ֮ȼһұ
ÿһ񽫵ԺȻ飬׷ɡ
ǡƱ̻ҫۡ
ۣ
ֱһնձǵʮλ񽫵ס
˶亹
̫̬ˣ
һնͻʮλ񽫣ֱ͵һͿǶĿࡣ
ֻǣɿѣϾ۵һ
ȻǾͿһ䵲סһնȴӲùѿڴ˿̺Ȼ飡
⡭
ֻһ˵ĺĵðżֱǣǡ
һն
ʮλȫ
⣬˭ţ
֮ǰǻϸĻﲻΪȻΪѰҪʮŸ֮أǲܵ顣
ڣˡ
ôãһն֮䣬ʤѶ
ֻǣ̫ϣɵĳҲ֮ϸ۾ֱˣܡô
ٿѰʱһģ
ʱѰҲݣ޷ƽ֮ǰһն֮ǿҲȫԤ
ǡִеܣ
Ѱתսʥ֮ŭˮ֮ȫʩչɵɱ֮ǿþݣ


1215 ¯
֮ʣѰͷֳղһնÿһϸڡ
һγ֣һԡִеܣʶŻޱԼֶζʩչ
֮ŭͶսʥԼˮ֮޼᲻ݵİ塣
ʱ룬һޡִиҲܻɱʮ񽫡
ҲζţתִУԼöʱң
֮ǧɵܣѰǿ߶ԣսʱȫԷӳԶɱ

ȴ̫ˣ
һͺĵѰ֮һ
ҲעĿǰԣִֻܵɱʹá
ˡ
ܿ죬Щ»ָɹֻҪ˵عҲעܱɱ
Իʧ˽ԾһѹĿⶼǲԼͬؿԶһȼյĻɽ
ıԴ籡̬ͬ
ܹһֱԴ𣬾ͿԼ͡Ϊ׵Ļ񽫿ڵ
Ѱ˵ͷȻʵԻȡ֣
һĮȻûƣҪȡԴʱһͻٵ³
֮ǣ࣬Ҫȡȴǰ׵飬ңգС
ѰһЦ֮
ಣ
ûгɣڿնȥ
¡¡
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ǱԴ𣬱մȾһ˿ͻᱻջټ壬ٻ꣬ǿ¡
ѰһͱܿǰС
ĿɨͼɽڴһűԴХɰǧһȺҡҷβ͵ǣͷס
˭ֻ¶޲ýǶһһȡˡ
ѰҲ룬ȴÿһűԴ𣬽̺żɲĻϢж
򣬼ûõԵ٣
ת̤ű󤲽ǰУһֱڸӦѰ٣ˣѰԼ
ڴ˹УѵĵܣʱʱѰڵִų
Զעļ˻Ϣ̫Σˣ
ԴΨн併ܱ޵ƿأδ併ǰһֲֿޱߵ
ѰսӦԽֹһűԴ𣬵ֱڣȴ֣һֱڳɽڴ
ǻɽڴгɰǧıԴ裬һֲĽѣһմȾ³עޱȣ
ʲô
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أѰӰִɽڣ˿̵ѽ󤲽ת£Ӱһ㣬ƵƵ˸ܡ
Ϊ̫࣬һһ˿ͻᱻǣ
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ǱԴƷߵһ࣬
֮һıԴӵһֶصԣͨһ㡣
УһЩܹġơ
գѰĿ⿴˻ɽ·
ޱȣ糱ˮˣŲ֪ٵĵƮ衣
ţ
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ҰУղһĵһţһᣬƮĻܻΪһҳҳģˣ
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ಣ
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˵ҲһΣħĵҲδ̫ˣô౾Դ𲻹ˣȻǻɽ֮̽Ѱ
ʲôãȻᣬֻһΣҲ϶һ컯
ϸеܲ˵ķӦúѰҪһ
ҵȲ˼̫ѰѵİΣˣϾһʲô⣬ǿɾ͡
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˶˼ȷ̫ðˣ
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ǻӿУԼܹһڶ¯ǣƾ˳˿
ڶ¯ܣһᡢһͷɫ¹һɫһյơһڳߡһѷ衣
ЩȻܻ
ɴʱȴ糼Ӱ㣬һ¯ܣ죬ޱȡ
ѰȻһͷӿκˡ
ֻǱԴ𣬾ѾڹŻоκһλǿĹ屦
ȫÿݣĴ컯
ڣɽ·һ֣
˼ǣǽͨ飬Ψһһ¯ܣ
һĻʥ˼ֻ¶Ϊ֮ɡ
ǿԱ侲ѰսĿ⿴һ¯
ϸʱԺ͵زʶĸоʱڵִʯǰͼһڶ¯
ʱʶʯȴȫһһĻ
ؼ䣬Ψһ¯ȼգ쾭γǳԱһա
ʱ֮ۡռ֮Ҳ粻档
¯㶨ΨһͲ࣡
ڣѰʶԼĲǻþʵڵģ˻¯Ͳɽ֮¡
ң۲죬ѰóһԼΪ֮ĲĴ𰸣һڶ¯һŵ
Ե̫˼飡
ͬΪ𣬿ȴ糼Ӱֻܹܣӳĵһڶ¯Ĳ졣
ɣһжԱⶦ¯εĴڣұҪˣ


1216 
۽ڣϯ
ѰգӰƥȫֵڵĻϢ
Ȼʱ˾ٵĴޱȣѰһԺȴޱȡ
ҵԼҪĵ
ǿڶ¯
׾بŲ֮ϡ
䣡
ûгɣѰȻ߷½
𡫡һͷ޺նƿһճһ¯ȥ
˭룬ڴʱһ˺ɫžһͽƲͷѰ
һֻܻ˺ɫߵ̬ͨ飬ɱˡ
ѰָܿݺһץȵɽХײӭĺɫϡ
˳ԾǣһԻɱһߣȴһ˺ɫƿ
Ѱһʶֲ̫ѰĹעЧ
򣡡
У޳մӡݺɫϡ
˵һҡ
仹䳹ѹƣѾѰɿУֻܶɱˡ
ϣ
ȻǺɫһӻɽϿգһƵǹꪡṳıԴкĳˮ㣬Ѱɱ
Ǿ󣬼ֱ
Ѱɫһӱޱȡ
û뵽һܻĺɫߣٻԴй

ʲô
ɽԶ塢ǽԳһ
ǵĿ⿴ȥͼɽϿգȺıԴɱڵس˻ɽڣˡ
϶Ƿ˲õĴ컯
ϸૡ

䣡
һ˲䣬ѰܵǰδеѹòȫʩչԼȫս
ӰߣַƣﺳűһǬ
ܣһǹɱԳķٻ֮ǣΧ
Уһ˺ɫߵĹ
Ѱһ
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ȻѰľʹȥ
ɱ
ڷ뼫µս״̬Уսʥ֮ŭȫת

Ŀһ˺ɫϣ׷ʹ
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գɫ⸲ǣ޲ݵ
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ΧѰıԴʧȥͳ˧Ĵڴ˿Ȼɢ
ͬʱһӿѰͷ
ŵ𣬵ڰԴ
ɫĻ⣬Ѱɫӳĵ𲻶ֹ˺Ѱľʹ
֮ǰսУۣ˿˾һǧٿ׵ľ֪̿ջٵټͽǡ
ƣν֮
⣬ǽĴۣߣֻ¶ûȻԵ
˲ö룬ѰóһҩҪǮƵĿʼʳͬʱҲת
ܿ죬ƾԾ˵ٶȽлָ
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ɺܴ
ϾҩɲǴײˣκǿ߶ԣƵݳƷ
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գ޷õ˵𣬾Իᱧ
ˡ
ѰϣһΣһչĹĻ
һյƣգоŹƮĻӲ𣬹ҫۣһûʶֺĴ
⣬ܵƵٻһȺԴѰɱ
ǻ׵硢쫷硢⡭һֵػһԽѰϡ
һսҪսʱѰѱղУһۡһȶյ
㲻һյƵ𱻽𡱣Դ֮С
˴޸ƣĵѰҩ
һζҩϡȱޱȵƷ׹ǵããһȫµ
ѰɫŹֵǣȻ޸Уǲһһɱ䡣
ѵõǣԲƿأҲõ˳ľ
һգһһλԵ֮ʥԹȻ⸣֮С
Ѱૡ
Ȼսʱҡʹ࣬ʱ̶顣
ͬģĥȴڻûԵͬʱҲõ˼ĺô
Ѱ編ƣ½ֽһɫһͷɫ¹
𣬷ֱСϻ̡͡͡иʣýԿò˼ݡ
ͬڴ˹Уһһαƻͻָһ
Ϊ䲻ȴõһδϴ
ԭѰޣߵĵ;޻֮ţҲ֮ţΨȱһ·
ڣǾϴǦԺ֮;Կ°빦Ч
ƾ֮ͣѰıﶼѺ˵Ѱֺ
ΨһѰ۵ǣĿǰΪֹѾĵ˽ʮҩвϡȱƷ֮
һʱϴ˲ٵ˵ĲƸģ֧Ųס
ơ¡֮ĴҪأƾӵһɼ֮һֶеҪ
ûе飬ѰһҧһݣĿⶢһᡣ
ҩԺԼѼĻᣬɾֻһΣ
Ѱ벻ǣһᾹǿֲ֮Զ֮ǰ
սǶյñٱԵ궼ܵһغ
գѰӮˣ
ͷɲǴһָǬǰ᳹ѹ
󣬲֪һ޳һԴС
ߣҲ
޳ɿλб֮ڣ
Ѷһ¯ѰԻὫ޳Ϊá


1217 컯
ɹ޳𣬵ѰĴͬܲҡ
ĵʮҩŽ޸
ʵϸ㣬ڽĹУѰ
ͺñһΣΡ
ĵʮҩ࣬ЩҩľȴѰܵǿޱȡ
ʱ徧ӨӲӣ뵣ƤĤɣ͸Ȼƥ
䷢˿Ʈ⣬ǱȡԳ䵱һĶģ
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ָ۷壬ѰŽĿ⿴һ֮У㲻¯
Ѿ£ͲһѰǵĴ컯ˣ
ˡ
ֻǣѰ֣һλĻٿȻֵ֣ӣֹ֡
ȻĮնѴǶѰһϿɡ
ѰüҪң
ҡͷӶ֣ؽԤֻ˷ӡ֮Ե
Ѱ˼˵һ¯֣˵֮һоͻȫʧ
񽫵ͷ˵ߴ˵ȴûа취
˻
ѰһֵܲȻá
˵ڻ籾Դ󱻷ӡڴˣܹ˳ض֣ԻȥΪ
˵
ѰĿ⿴һ¯ü֣˳
񽫵Ͽɣӡ
ڸλϿɣȴû˵
Ѱգһԡ

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֮ǰһʱ䣬ɽڲʱըװĺһȺһȺıԴС
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ңǽ˷سٵĻϢڿɢ
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ֻȴû뵽ȡһ¯ʱһǣˡ֮桱
Ѱף˻õעҪͺ֮йء
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ѰǸմĹѨ߳СɽĹĹѨҲ֮
̳Уʧڵر֮¡
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ڣѰ־ţ
һʱ䣬չ¼޺ѩסЩϲȣԴЩ¡
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һ㣬Ҳµóֻȴû˶˵ʲôѰ컯˭Ҳ޿๡
Ҹᣬһ𡣡
ͬʱѰڸϸһš𡱣ʺϸ
ϸɫȴǿϲޱȣҾ֪һ϶̵˲ٺô
һת͸һɺ⣬ĵȲҪĶһҪжڶʲȥ


1218 ڤ֮
Ȼϸ򻹵űߵһ
Ѱ򣬵ʱҰ
̫һһںܶǰŻܹ桢ҶĦڭȼĴڡ
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˼ˣҲûȰƾħսȷ̫һڵĴΪС
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ֻǣδͣٿȻʧ
ϸò컯˵˿Цеشк̬Ҳ̫ˣ
㣿Ⱥܲװ
ĪȻ
ϸƿڴ㶮˿ģʵֶα֮
ԴˣѰϿɡ
ԵǿԽоģһϣ޿ɺǡ
ΨһĴǣѡ˶
ϸѰֵܣôѰҲ֮֮
̫һͫһһĳ츳ϹʱΪʥ֮࣬ҲζţֻҪ˲ķУ̤ʥġ
˽ĸ࣬Ҳ̤Ͼ֮ԵУҪСͫ
˵̫һͫһתܹиǵ̫һ⣬̬֮
Ҳͷҵأǰ̫һڣս㣬ϧȴԵһ棬ȴ˵㱻һĵŴˣϲ֮ӣս֮ǿ󣬾ԲС
Ѱ˵ͷɫƵᡣ
֪㼫˲ãЩɶ޷Ӱ쵽ҪԸ˵־
ûе飬ѰҲչж
ûпɣħ񾹺ڤ񸮡իĴߵһˣ
ħҲϽڤ֮УעҪѪȷˣ
޵ע⵽ѰǵټԶһ
֣ǰɣ
ҵԸ׷ӵǲ
Ҳ˼֮
Ƕħսǿְիڤ񸮵ǿߣ׷󣬶Ҳ̵һЩ컯
ѰǶᡣ
ߣȥ
һЩҧȥΪѰ²ͬ׷棬ҲȻΪǡ
¾ܹѰǺߣԻⲻգ
ѪɫǽڡǾ޴ɽѷ󣬾Ȼһ䡣
һ޴ɽѣޱȣ˿˿ƵѪ⣬Եúأ֪ͨη
ѰǰûãʱһƬĲ·ѿƵģͨͬķ
һ
˶Щɡ
óͼж꣬ȴһ
һҲǣڤ֮߱ӡ£˽
˴ηӡκνеǿ߶ԣԶƵİ
磬Ƿֿжɣ
ĻûԵĻҲ󡣡
һ붼֪һж¾ԵҲע޷ÿ˵
ȻǻûԵɹϷֵʱ˭ܱ֤ƽ
ǣѰٲȻһȺ˵ͷڶȡԵʱעռƣ
е΢ֻҪˣᵽ
սĿ⿴Ѱ
ѰЦҲãҿѡͬ·þûл棬ֻѡĵ·һˡ
ˣ塢ѩչ¼һѡһ·뿪
ƺЩɵ㡣
˼Ѱ
ҶΪ˻ԵͷжƾԵҲ
ѰЦŴ
Ѱ⣬Ҳˡ
ˣҪҪһжѰ
룬ͷӦ
Īֹգûоܾ
ģѰû˼ȥ⡣
ºѰĿ⿴һ·ԥͷȥ
˼ˣ͵ʶƺһʼѰȷҪһ·


1219 ָͭ
ѰȷȷҪһ·
ڽڤ֮ߵĵһʱ䣬һƻɬĲʹָͭӿ֡
ܵĳֺ
ͭںһƬѪʱϢѰķ˿ϣء
ʱѰƶϣ￴Ѱͨע򵥣ܺһѪȾȹѵͷʬйأ
ڣͭ俪ʼ춯֤ƲⲢ
ڵִĶѨǸָܵͭһɻɬѰһʱ˾
δˡ
ΪȷָͭǴ־Ǹǻ
Ѱǽһ·УһѪɫƮҷϢأ֣˶Ѩڴ
һȺǿ߳ԼĪ߰ˣԴѰһж

ֻǵǸһ룬ͱһѪɫɨУ类նУѪˮ䣬˱С
⡭
˶ŵõɫɷףԵͷתء
̫ˣԭѰ£ҲΪԱܿΣա
룬Ѱ֮·ǿߵģ
һУѰǻȻ
Ѩ䣬;ۣҲ֪ͨδ
䣡
͵أһѪɫǰӿ֣ųĹ󣬽Ѱǵǰ·赲
Ѱһ濴ֻȭͷСȴɢһֲּ˵ϢһѪȼգ
ڤ𣡡
ϸɫѿ͸һļɵ
֣ĪɫҲһ䣬У˻ޱȵڤӣ̺֮
ʥմȾҲᱻΪһѿݹǣ
ȻǴ˵بżصҲֻǴš
Ǽ٣
̲סʡ
деֲޱߣǴ˻ɣϸͫӲӣ˵Ĺ
һӣԳ
д˻𵲵֤·ͨ
ңҲȷûɢִ˵мֲĻ档
ȴѰһӡ
ڤܵŰ㣬ವһʧ
ϸǽԵɴ۾ҧסͷ
ǻڵǺͼɵʱ뵽Ѱһ䣬ֱɢ˴˻
ƭӣһ죬ЩΡ
ղžŵˣǿ϶Ǵ˵еڤ
ѣЩΣˡĪҲЩҲסղҲסˡ
ϸһΣֻأֹΪһĵϵᣬɴӲۡ
ղǷڤ
ֻǣѸû취ͣѵ˵ʥΪһѿݹǵڤһС
ϸĿ⿴ѰҪҪһ£
Ѱû˼ΣѾ⣬ôʲô߰ɡ
ȳǰȥ
ʵ֮ǰֻڽ̽һƾͭϢܷһڤ塣
û룬Чǳϵĺã
ҲѰ϶ͭ϶ڤ֮йء
ûãһɭİ׹ǻ䵲·ǰж߶ߣ֦ҶųĻһɫͷ
ãڤ
ϸʧеˣУ˻֮һϣͻᱻǣ׳١
ĪҲһɫ΢䣬ȻҲ˵˻Ŀ¡
ѰĲȴδͣ£˼ǣһڤҲŵ֮ززһ̾Ҳˡ
⡭Ҳڤ
ĪӽĿ⿴ϸ򣬺һΣһͷҰХ
ڽ·ϣһϡŹֲֶֿޱȵĶ
ǲĻȪˮɢŨݡ
һ⣬龪һ
Щֻڴ˵дڵĿֲԶѰɢ١
һ£ĪҲԾʶһмܺѰйء
ѰԸʹ˶˵Ҳöʡ
Ϊȼǿߣ˭ûһЩܣ
ܿ죬ǰȻʣһƬʯ֣һʯС
еĽ̤˫ߣʮɸߣѪɫ
еİС٪壬ţͷʡ
еãצ
еġ
һòܣģˣһͷͷɢɭϢ
ִ˵أ˴˵еĵ
䣡
أһʯ񾹻
ǽ̤˫ߣѪɫ飬Ϣɷ졣
ѰҲȻ׼֣ͼһͷڰ;ٿȻ飬ɫ겻
ٿȥʱͷʯڣǣ·𷽲ŷһĻֻǻþ
ȴϸǾһ亹
ղţɾԲǻþ
ĿֲϢʱأԻͷ
ʣղֱӿսǶǷǶԷĶ֣
ѰĦһָͭ䣬ҲЩ޷ƽ
һ·༫ɲĶһɱ٣գֻ龪һ
ûж֡
Ѱһöͭ䣬עɵĵִ˵أ
Ϊ֮ǰڤڤǸղĹǱһöͭϢɢ
֮һöָͭһ·Ϊģκδ
߰ɣǰС
ѰִܵƬʯ֣ͭɢϢǿˣܵĳֺ
ϸǼˣҲ侲СĸѰ֮
һ·ϣһɷʯ񣬽ԻûӰǽй
һ⣬ڰ;ͻ꣬޷Ѱǣ
һյʱѰǲŴƬʯ֡
ҲڴʱһƢҩԶԶƮ
㣡
ϸǶ˶˶о궼һ˵ĳ
òᣬǲڵ֮ɣü
βǡ
ڵѰǰһѪɫ˳ӿ
ԼɼѪɫˮУһ׹֦Ҷ԰׹͡
䶥һʡͷ׵һСʺƵĹƮ
żԶҲʵһ޵ҩ㡣
ҩ
һˡ
ڤ֮ߣڴ˵ȹ֮أд˵ҩ
Ѱ̾
Ȼֲߢʱ˼鷳Ѫˮڣһͷͷ׹ǽΧ
һΣͭûκá
ⲢѲѰǣƬ̣Ѱ˳Ʋժһʵ
꣡
ѰʱһĹƮɫɫɫɫ
ϸںȻɫʲѡʯ͸ӨӣһſŽиѴС
ҩ
ңţ
һӣѰǵĿͱ𶯣˵ҩǼ֮
ˣӣתд֮⡭һ
ϸϳ
ҩҲǷֵȼģ·ϡСƷ͸ļƷ
ǰһƷ֮࣡
ĪҲͷеһϹʱͼҩ䲻ܻû˵
ѰͷҲһĨڷɽϻõ


1220 ɫСô
ֹҩִ̺
ңڣɻΪ̫
Ǿʮ֮ͨһ
ɴˣ֪εȱ
ǰ͸ˣӣֱ̺деһ֣עҩɱȡ
ӣҵʣǷˣΣ
ѰҲΪͷӦеĴ
ҵȳ࣬ԭûлᡭ
˵꣬ѰЦŴϣҪƴǡ
ѰһŽӺһľӡ
ˮִˮӺͻҲ˷ѡ
ϸѡһӡ
ĪӸԵõˮӡ
䣬˭㡣
ǺǣҲ֪ˣ
ϸȻЦ
жǷֿжЩ
˵õиͬͬȴѡ˷ֿжԭҲûʲôϸӦǲ̫һڵΪУ
һжԻȫڶȡԵ컯ʱҲиİգΪҪֿж
ΪĻûԵ޷ƽ䣿
ϸɲһ㡣
Ӧмƻ
Īӽһ䣬ϵǳȻϸ¶һ˿
ϸЦˣѰһѩչ¼ޣĿܻñԴ𣿡
Īһ̾ȷԵЩص˵ʲô
ˣϾͬһֻǷͷжŽƽϡ
Ѱڵ
¡
ʱѪˮһ󷭹һڵСƯС
ϣһ
ֻǣѰǿʱһֲĸо
Ϊһߴź£ͷңۿȼűͻã
һһãѪɫ֮ϣǻԵùޱȡ
ȻдȻ˵ġ
˼
ϸѴңĴô
һζҩ
ϣô򾹿ڣն翡
ôĿôȥ٣
ϸû
ô˵˺֮£ʬɣݵҲ޷ִ˰
Ѱһ˼⣬ָһһľವһһҺڴϡ
ǽҩͬһֹ
꣡
ȴôӰֻſ죬ͽһѩ׵ݽ׽
ѰȻһһܵ£ôȴȻҲδյκһ˿
ôһյƵ͵ƹ˴ͷһ׹ǴѰˡ
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Ѱһһۣ󣬴ƾճԶСȥ
䣡
أһֻҰסɭĴ֣͵شѪɫ̽εأɢϢϢ
һɲѰǽɫ䣬еһޱȵѹϢë׶
û
ȻǽΪ߶У
̫⣬һץ֮£ǶһϰĲ԰֮С
飡
ؼޱȵʱ̣һ׹ǴնǽֻҰ׵ĴӲѹ˺ڣ
ô˻ᣬѰڵСϣֻǣϵԱ亹ʪ¡

ôʼնԵúܳĬƶһ޶ãӶ׹ǴһСͳԶƮȥ
ѰǶһۣԿ˴Ŀеľ⡣
ΪǶжϳղֻҰ״ֵʥΣ
ôĻѪˮ֮£۰׹ǣǷζţʥڴˣ
Խ룬Խĺ
СǿֻϣͷһյƵ͵ҡҷӰ߲
ڴô
ϸӴͷĻ͵ơ
Ī
ѰһҺɫС
գؼžΨа׹ǴѪɫˮʱĻ졣
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续ϴһ˿ء
֮һУ̫죬ڴ˵еĵڤߣ֮һУԳⷶ롣
ѰǽԵͷ
һյ͵Ҳܹ죬ƻư߲һصҶС
ϸüһĺᣬʶͨ챦
ɴʱȴ޷һ˿ߣ
ңһյ͵𣿡ϸŵʵ
ôţƸûնۿУΨһԱ͵Ļӿ
ϸˣҲֻܷ̽Ѱͷ
ղſۿôӶеİ׹ǴͽһֻӵʥĲҰ״ѹ
սɲһĿ¡
Ҫ֪ھ֮ʥ棡
ڣڤ֮бȫһˡ
쿴
أĪӳԾ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼԶĺУȻ첻Ķ
вҰ׵Ĵ֡ԡѪȵвƵսսսìһɢѪɫΣ߳
һ˲ѰԺкһԸֳһʬɽѪĻ棬ħսڴˣʥ˷˻з֮
ѰԺУһ޳ӰȹȾѪȴƽأѪȵĻУһӵͨǵ֮Ķ¡
ֻǣͷ­ȴ֪ʱˣ
䣡
ҲڴʱԺлȻʧ
ٿܣͼѪˮ죬ֹ糱˷ӿ֮
ǣǷΣЩ޷ɫСһ˿
ôһУҲƶŲʣ˵޶ã
һյƵ
ϸǿѹĵ
Ҳע⵽ͷһյŵĻ͵ƮҷĻƵӰתεСܡ
һ磬ƾ˷ϮҲ޷
Ѱظ˿
ʶһ޴˴ɣǾԲܺɴ˺̫գǶеһֳľ
ܿ죬Ƕ
յʥ˶壬ɫСϣȴͭǽڵı¡
ƵĵӰ߲İ
Уִ
ѰʶĦָϵͭ䣬һμͷӰʱ龰ҲղԺиֳһĻĻѪȻ档
˭
ϸҲ¡
֮ǰ˭û뵽ڤ֮о֮¡
ӡ컯

أѪˮƽΨд˻
ҲڴʱѰǿ˺˰ɿľȴǽһ
һɽﻨ㣬ľ졣
񷶼տϴһƮҡ
㻹ִһͶµϢĿ
УѪʹֲ
ڱ˰ȴɽˮ续һľʥأ
Ѱ˭û뵽ģ۾Ϊ˻þԵǰ㲻ʵ
֪䣬ɫСͣôǰһյƵ͵ժ
֪Ѿ˸ϰʱˡ



1221 
ϣʪµĲľϢ涣ɽġ
̤˵أһ磬Ŀ֮С
͵ϢѰǽ񶼳׷ɡ
ţ
ͷȥͼôŴȥ
ͬʱһƵĵ
壬ȴһֲãѵζڻص
һλ˳۶ȥŸȥ˵ңͿ
Ѱǽס
ô򣬾˭
Ѫɫ֮պ͹죬Ŵֲϣ紫˵е˰ѡ
ɣ
˵֪
ѰҰУǺɫСʧǺ嫵Ѫˮ续㣬һˡʧ
գããһƬɫСôѪɫȫˡ
ֻʣãã
֮Ҵֻ¶ȴ
ૣ㱣һϮڷƮҷʫ续
ΪȻ
ǽһ˵еڤڤ
Ȼ󣬽һƬʯ֣ŵʯٹķ̿һɭ޵Ļ档
ֳ˺ɫСѪˮ
һĻĻ½룬Ķǣ˭ȴ
ߣȥ˵ؾźε컯
ϸĦȭƣĿ⿴Զһɽ
һ·Ͳ꣬Ϊı컯
ڣϸҿ϶羻ĵطȻŴ컯
ߣ
Ѱȥ
ǳԾǣ˵زɽּ䣬ɼҩģ
̶Ƭ̣Ѱٵʮҩ
Ϲߡװ⻨۾١
һѾҩϡ֮Ҳ֮жصá
ңһ·ϣ˵κգ
϶һӡĴ󸣵أǻǵһִڴ˵޵ߣ
ĪҲ˷
أŶصķ򸲸ǣֻܸ֪Բʮ򣬳ˣҰãã
ҿӦһؾ䲻ȴŸޱȵĻԵ
Ѱͷͬ˵
̸ʱѴֶУһ㰻Ȼɽȥ
ɽֻаɣȴľף޷
ֹŨ̺ž˵Ϣ
Ѱġ_ɽɽɽ̺ҪŨ
ʯ϶УžӨ貵ʥ
ץһ֮ʢѰǶݡ
ɽ֮·᫣һ·ϣѰ½ߢһġҩ
Ÿյִɽÿ˶ջʮҩԼһЩҩݡ
̫ˣ
ȫһɽ
ϸţҪɽֱӰߣһԣֱӾͷ
ΪɽֻаɣȴԶɽ˵ߣܡ
ɽҰȻʣһʯƺ
һƬïʢУԴڣҶϲӲ羧Өʯĥɡ
紵Ӱ涣Ҷ糱ˮ֮ȴ̶˵Ϳ顣
һ®֡
ʱѰֹĿȫ͸֣һ®ϡ
⡭ﾹ˾ס
ϸݡ
Ǵؾ֮ء
Ѱ
ָ䣬һöͭ΢΢̣ǿҵĸӦ·ǲ®Уʲôٻ
ѰʶһΣûط
ģ𣿾ȻȻôһƬ
Ӳ®תƣһƬϣϸӲˮֱ

ĪҲ
ϹʱʥĴ񡱣У
ǧǧѿÿǧ곤һڣÿŽڣһɱ䡣
ֱŴɱ䣬ữؼһһϣ
ȻԴﵽϳ˵Ʒࡣ
ҪǣڣǼʥһζϣ
磬ҲֻйϵͳУ񣬿ࡣ
ݼ֪Ҳֻʥ֮شУӵĿ࣬Ҳֻоѣұ
ڣİɽȴһƬ֣
ѰͷҲһҡҷ޷
ɲֹһһϣҶͬǺҩҩȴнħϴӵġħаã
ǲ®ˣעһλ˲õͨ
ԼͬأѰһжϡ
ߣȥǲ®
Ѱһǿ԰סھȡĳ嶯ͷȥ
æϡ
ţ
һ̤УѰֻҰһ䣬֣ȴٿһ®
ҷĹˣҲ·

ѰȻΪʦһ㶼ûƵϢԵúܲѰˡ
Сģǽ
˵⣬ѰȻֹͷȥ֪ʱϸ򡢼ĪǵӰˣ
ʼգͬһûУ
һӣѰӿ֮ɫ
ˣ֮ǰǶΪһͶؾأһ·ջҩģڣΪ˵زв
˭룬ƽ£ȴŲΪ֪
ѰԭأĿɨܣɫ𲻶
涣Ҷҡҷ糱㣬Ʈһء
ֹҲ·񷣬ܵɫҶ֣׿ˡ
Ѱһת֮ͫʶ֮ɢϸ͸֪
Ѱľó
޷ƴ˵ص飡
֪иǵĽƣѳʦķ룡
˼ȥ䷨ѰϥأĿ⿴ָϵͭ䡣
ӽڤ֮ߣһ·ϾǴɬĲ˵ǰڴˡ
ңղʱͭ΢΢̣ԲͬǿҸӦ
ֻڣͭȴˣ
ô£
ѵֻΪ˰Լڴˣڴ˵أ
Ѱü˼⣬Ħͭ䣬ãϣͷųʶٴζͭи֪
һƿس̶ȣƿǰ֣Ҳϣȴ֪Ҫȵˡ
ΪҪķʱȥһĦ
£ϸҲ֪Ƿգԣʱƽǰ֣ܰϸһ
ʶֻܽ˼ͭϡ
ʶ紥ְ㣬ϸϢӿͭ䣬ɺǰǰ㣬δʲô쳣
Ѱֳ˲١
ֻǣջʶһ˲ע⵽ͭ棬һ˿ײĻɬһš
Ѱһǿ񣬽ʶٴӿͭ䡣
ͬʱĿͭ䡣
ʱһ˿ɬĹٶӿ֣Ѱβ׽
ֻǣת˲ţ޷
Ѱģ͵һҧٴγԣһΣתΪʶһͭӿ롣
Ȼһ˿ɬٴγˡ
ңѰӿ룬һ˿ɬٿ֮䣬ŹƮ貵Ĺꡣ
֣ʼҡԭöޱȵ˿ȴ¡¡𵴣оĶǵ
ͬʱһģӰͭƮ貹нճ



1222 
ҡΣ糱
ͭɢ貹Уճһ޳ӰһϮɫȹѣá
Ѱ˲ס
ǸȾѪȹѵͷӰ
ֻǣ˿̵ȹѽྻѩѪգӰģܿ˿Ʈҷͷ­ڣ
Ѱ𶯣ڸҳ׶϶һöϢԼ˿ϵͭ䣬ȻԴŮӡ
˭
ŮӵӰ֣ҡεֳţһƬʥķΧ
ɡ

ⲽǰ
ʶأѰǿеĸɻ󣬽
ܿ죬һ®ˣܵƣľި¶͵Ϣ
Ů®ǰĬãһ̾
®ǰһʯʯΡ
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Ѱ£վûסʵǰ
ŮӴϵֻһ־ӡǣǰƣο
˵⣬Ĭһ£ӵ֮ͨţᱲˣҵѱɡ
֮ͨţ
Ѱһκˡ
ǵһαʶ֮ͨŵĴڣ
ָ˵أ֪Ϊ£Ѱһʵ
ǰŮӣܲһ㣬һ־ӡǣܹʶԼʶе֮ͨţܼ򵥣
һ׮Ըδˣפش˵أָһ㣬Ѿȥ£٣൱ȥ
Ůһӣʯ϶һ񱭡
бʳһɾӨȵɫˮɢƢķ㣬궼·Ҫ
Ѱһڣ͸оˬͨ͸ȫΪ֮ݡ
ȥǰܹüѣҲһ£ԸԲƣѶһ
ŮӾһ񱭣ʾѰһ¡
Ѱٱ֮ˮֻҷ֮ٿȻɢȫ˶ƮƮ֮С
ò裡
Ѱһ֮֮˿̳׷ɣҲѯеɻ
Ůӷ²豭ѣڶ֪࣬Ƿгһգ뿪Ż򣿡
Ѱҡͷȷܶ࣬ˣĿǰɸûǹ뿪Ż顣
Ѥãˣվʢ˥֮ʱȵ뿪֮ʱԻףȻ̤ʥ֮·Ҳڴ˶Ͼ
Ůƽ翣ڶԣȷǿЩʱ򡣡
Ѱĳ
ΪζԷҪԼ˵Щӻȴʶһ⡣
̤ʥ֮Ż֮·ע޷ټȥ
뵽⣬Ѱ˷ɳٿա
꣬ɳٿһλ죬󽫴ڷɽ磬Ϊ뿪󣬲ʧ
ˣٿǣǷҲʶ뿪;ͻڹŻжϾ
ѣǷҪǰǿչŵѰʵ
Ůӵͷ
Ѱˡ
һ󵨵뷨ɣ֮ϹʱӹŻ뿪Щǿ
ĿĻͷɳٿһΪ棬нഫ
ΪǧϾžôԵ컯
ܼ򵥣дĴ컯ֻ¶Щʸ̤ϡǿչŵĸǿ
Ƿ뿪󣬾޷ˣѰ̲סʡ
Ůҡͷϣעã
ѰȷԼƲ⣬ɳٿǿߣȻʶ뿪󣬼޷أŻὫ²ж¡
Ǹԭ
Ѱ
Щ̫ңԶ֪ٶ࣬Ҳû̫塣
ѰֱʵѣЩѡ
ǽԸи컯ܻö٣ȫƾԼͣ㵹ǲΪǵġ
˵ţŮָһƬ֣ǧ꣬һһ컯ϹطĵáҲ²С
Ѱһʶϸ˶ԶԶСһƬֵļֵ
Ϊֻؼһһģ룬ÿһ񣬾̲һִ컯
̫˼顣
ҲĶŮʡ
ѰͷЦ޵ߣ컯˭ܲģ
Ůӵһ䣬οյĵ뷨
Ѱһƽͬڲ֮֮ͬ·
ŮӵͷʣˣǷĳԽˣ߳һبδ֮·
⣬ѰɲԻشŸ̤߾ĸС֮ǻۣ
ڻ޷϶Ժ󣬾ͲˡѰһ͸żᶨ
ŮӳָԶǧ񣬵꣬Ҳ㣬ڵ;Ͽʷ֮Ⱥӣǣ֮ѹǧ֮С
˭
Ѱо
Ȼ׹ǰŮӣԭǵ㡭
ֲãԼΪͬˡƽ۽
ԭǰŮӣͬԼһبδ֮;
Ȼһλˣң̤
Կ϶Ȼһλ춯صĴ
ѰĲ²⣬Ůûзϣ˵԰쵽ұҵĵ뷨һۡ
˻һѰʱݡ
ζʲô
ֻҪѹǧеĴУȥ˽ͲŮӵĵ뷨
һĴ컯ˣԺŲɹ洦
֮֮
˽⵽һλͬĵ뷨֪ջкε֮
ѿԸһԣŮʡ
ڣѰףŮӿеġѡǶԼ;Ͽɣ֮ͬѣֻǱϵĳƺ
֣ѰԣŲһ塣
ΪΨһһͬ
ã
ѰܾܾûгɣǰһƬȥ
Ůһӡ
ˡ
˲䣬ѰҰУһƬֶȻһ䣬ÿһԶһȫͬƺϢ
һλλ֣УÿһԼĵ뷨ǷӢ˳
磬ڲͬʱȴɧǧλӢ˸ŻԻ͵Ĺâǧš
Ѱһγᶨ
Լĵ;޵֮
䣡
أѰһһΣһλӰöģӰ
֮ս첻ܣ޶ɸ۵
͸ԵĴš
Ѱ飬תֵԸһԣ
۵뷨ܾ;֮ߵ͡
֮ս
룡
Ӱ磬ХǬӰһ壬޾磬糱ˮɢ
Уһͭսìɱ֮ģһɲƥɱ֮
޿ƥа㣬Եס
ѰɫϲӰܣӭǰ֮Ӳ
䣡
սֽײν޶գǵ;֣֮
ǿѰ޵У
ԶŮڣΪԼһƷ
һֱѰϡ
ӼѰĵһۣ֪ǡͬ
ңԼˣ̤بδеľ
⣬ҲΨһһ޷ֲź



1223 ˽ȥ޻
飡
սìȭײըװĺ쳹Ľ
ѰƲӡɱ
ӰХսìգɱأҵɱƲ㶼
ǵ;֮ѰͶֽĵ뷨
ɽƬ̣Ӱͱѹƣûñֱ䣬սìֵڵ;棬ҲԶӡ
Ѱ֣ͬˡ

Ӱʧ
Ѱһ򣬶ܣȴʶνս֮
Ƕﵽչ֣Ҳǳ
һս
ҡҷӳһСӰǻǻû֮ͽ̡
Ѱһݣ롣
ս
˲䣬һƬĹӳѰǰһ䣬ʱڵĿɽС
谵ķ¹׭ƣ̧ͷŭȣʲô
ѰĬĬǰ䴦
һų¾ɵľһѰСİʣľƤһʷͺͺƱʡ
Ӽѧϰһĵط¡
СϣѰ̧ۿ¹ıӰЩ㱡
͵
¹Ȼ뷢ŭţȳѰ
Ƣһֱܱꡣ
¹ڣöð
Ѱһ̾ȥ
󣬴¹ŭ͵Դֱɣȴ͸Źػ
ʱѰ˶
ɳ֪¹̣ܹܽһӵнĳɾ͡
ϧѰ֪һжǻþ
ƿţããһƬ
䣡
ѰǰһĻĻֽɢʧ
ֻǣѰ̧ĹʱͷԼƴ壬˴峤Щ
þеĻþ
Ѱһ˿壬һУѲ
ľ֮ᣬ絶ƽն¹
ɳѰϣڽʱ½ڵ۹Ͻǡּҡ¹ѧԺ
ֱµľ
뿪ֺһĻĻҲС
ÿһþǰʵͬÿһþ󣬾ͻµĻþ
·ٻزʵ硣
޵ߣֻʧУ׳٣
Ϊþ磬һжǰʵ
ֻҪľһ˿ͻʧֲǰһоΣʵ
ƣ
Ѱ쳹һȡ
䣡
еĻ󣬶ѵҲ
ͬʱǽСӰֵգǬҲҲ
ѰҲ֣ˡ
ಣ
ҡҷһӰӳһնһˣԸһ
룡
սٴα
ʱ䣬Ѱһ·նҡ
Ķ֣սӢоͨûޣߡ
һɾޣһǿɹھһµĿܣ
ǵĵ;ǧٹ֣вͬԶһģѰҲǻǳࡣ
սУԣ
ŸԽԽ࣬⣬ĴĦҲڲɱ䡣
Уʦ
ԷԼ֣ĳһƣȴԼѧϰĵط

ʱš
Ѱڶսһ۵
Ķ֣һɧǿߣĳǿޱȵ衣
뷨֮Կһ֮
һٳ
ڶٳ
ٳ

ʼգѰȻûиеκһ˿ƣ
˵ս˵ں͹Ŵһλλͬд衢ڽ
;貵̻ʢѰҲеޣĬĬǺͼȡһָ
®ǰŮµı裬̬УÿһսС

һǧŰٳ
䣡
ڻֺܶѰӿֳһɾ˵ơ
űױڻͨ
Դˣÿһȭк춯֮ؾʽпա
һţѱѰݵԲ
ϸԣ˿ѰеĺűѾȫһԭ塣
ΪһȭУںѰϵĸ򣬳׳ΪԼţ
ǡ⣬Ρ
ڣǡ⣬֮⡱
ͺñȡз޷ձˡᷨ
ᷨ죡
ˣȻܿаأҲѧƤë
ã®ǰŮаޡ
ܿѰ⣬һ²Σʼ׷֮ᷨ·

ڶǧٳ
űͻƣڻͨ
˷ศɣѰÿһ֣֮⣡
Ǳ󤡢¡硢⥣ţΡԿʼ
ӣвͬ
ڣȾӣʼ棬ɻΪĽ׶Σ
һľѧյİ塭ŮӰ档

ڶǧ߰ٳ
޳նͻСɵز
һ˿޳նУѰɱá
ʱ޳նٶͻƣ֮ʢΨתִ֮µġɲǴɱȣ
Ҳ˵ԡִ޳նԶԶͬתִеĴָһУ
ϵȷ١
Ů˼⣬Ԫն֮У֮ͨ͡šĪ
ͬбһ
Ůӹעĵط

ǧŰٳ
ɲǴͻƣһΣɳžִСɵز
һִָǧ֮ƣתǬ
ʱŮµھű衣
˻ĬĬһȥʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ǧ
֣ܶѰǣͷɼ´ս״̬иجج㱻С
ĵ糱ӿͷ
䣡
Ϊڴ˿̤̾ڣɢƣҲ͵һء
Ǿ𡭡Ůૣһ̾жͨǵ֮˾
Ѱʱ˶һ־ʣմӻ¯ǧһտȻϴγʾǦ
ҲڴʱŮе׿ˡ
Ѱǧأδȥǰ£ɱ㣬֮ͬУ޿ɱȼ磬ƾѧǧ㷨š
ֻһʽȥ޻ء
ƽȴо緶
һ䣬ѰΪ֮ݣֻһʽȥ޻أ
һۣ
Ѱһֵ
Ůӵͷһ˲䣬ϢȻޱȣŵĽȻţȴĥʴâ
һֻ޳ָ̽罣һ
赭дǰ⣬һ˿̻Ϣ
Ѱȴһͷ亹ֱðˮ͸ٺʼڣҲ֮ʹ˽󹭣
ҰУһ֣Ǭ˾γ޷ݵ̡
޾Уֳֳ豹ļ֮С
ƥ޿ɾ
˫ף
㽣ֱδţδδնѰƾСϢ֮Уȫ塣
˽ν֮ȥ޻ء



1224 ڰ
Ѱҿ϶һն£Լûһ˿ӱܵĻᣡ
һ̺һе֣㣬гһգǰǿչŵһ
Ů̧һУһöͭС
һͭ䣬ٴѰ
лѡ
Ѱѣ֣ؽ
ŮЦЦ꣬ĵѣ඼ȥǰѰǿչŵΪ֮Ѱһ·ڣҵԸ˽ᣬҲˡ
ѰʱŮӵȺڴˣҪһʽȥ޻ء
ǰҵ㣬֮ս򣬵գǹܴɣǣ򽫴б
Ůͳ
˸ѪĴۣŻĻᣬΪгһգҹŻ𣬲֮ѹơ
ϣ㣬Ҳӵ֮ؽ󣡡
ŮӰȻģ
ѣΪ֮ǰԡͷ֮ʾˣѰʵǵġ
ںǿɱʱժˣ˵ȳ裬պԵֻ
Сˣҽꡣ
ŮҲģʧ
®ڣԶ糱ȴټ
Ѱ֪µһƲ־ӡ˽Ľᣬȥ

ãѰųһ֮ǰһĻĻĪЩӡ
һ֮ԵȴָͭԼڤ֮ߣɽ·ʯ֡۶Ѫִ˵ء
һУΪһʽСȥ޻ء
ѰʶĦͭ䣬һԺԶֿȥ
ף־ǵһģ
ĪӵӰĳ֣ѰʱЩȡ
ܿ죬˷֣ܵ˺εȻԵ
һЩ֣ʵ˲٣Īأ
ѰڵĪüϲ֮ɫȻл˲С컯
Һ㲻һһϹžѧҲ̾Ϊֹ
ĪȻѰԼˣ򲻻
ѰЦŹϲĪӿһλŴ̥ܹ˳ľѧעͬ졣
Ѿˣ
ʱ򣬼Ҳⲽ߳ʤѩƥüĿ续ٳ㡣
ǰˣĪҲһ
Ѱ˵ͷĪʵʦãõǺεȻԵ
Ȼһǰĵã䲻ףԺд档
ƽѰܿܲȻջĻԵ⡣
˽̸ʱڣһܻĽ
Ȼϸƨɰ˳쳣Ǳ
ģ뿳һ𣬺αһ׵
ϸͷģ˶Ц
Ȼȡ񣬲Ϸˡ
޷ȡ𣿡
Īӵ
񣬿ؼһһϣĴ֮һ
ֻҪС
ϸתţĪӵҪȥԣҿɿ϶Եġ
֪ϸ򲻻⣬ĪӻûסɲţƾԼͣ䵽ϸǰز
Ƭ̺дĪĲҺ󣬾ͼͷܳͷõֽŻʱʱس鴤һ¡
ϸʱסӱЦ˾Ȼ
Ŀ⿴ӣҪҲȥԣ
ĻϵԵãϸĪӶģȻ֪񣬸ǰûõġ
ѰЩԥ
ļֵɼ䲻ҩ޷ȡߣǿɾ̫ϧˡ
ԡ
Ѱǰ
ϸæȰ㻹ǻɣһ֣ͻᱻΧɲ˭ܳܵġ
ĪҲΪȻ
ֻǣһĻӶɳ
Ѱ䣬һɱһɻͷҲ˶ѡ
⡭
ϸɵۣǸղſǱòһغ
˭룬ֵѰʱȴתˣ

ͼǱγԭаɳű𣬶ʱͿʼСһ̣ۣ߳ͨ͸Өޱȡ
ϣ
ֻһߣֵ֮ʥ˶ۺ졣
ԡ
Ҳȥ
ϸĪӵʱ̲סˣһҧһаģٴγ֡
ЩĶ
ɺܿ죬˾ͱû鴤ڱֱð̣һģﻹԴˣ
ʱѹеĳ嶯ҡ
ѰһӣٶȰһɵģϸһ
Ѱˣ֮ǰԼǧеһǿӰԾ
Уѵڽѹȡʸ
䣡
ֻǣѰ׼ȡʱǲŽյĲ®ڴ˿Ȼ̮
һгֲ®̮λá
Ȼһ·

ͬʱƬֶҡǬ
ţǷɽҲʼҡΣ·ǰһжҪ̮
ã
нһݡ
ߣ
ϸʶؾҪرˣٲ߼ܻᱻڴ˵ء
¡
û£ɽ嶼ʼ³
Ѱжʱԭ㽫һƬȫߣȻ϶ˡ
뿪ǰѰץʱ䣬һһٶ񣬽Իһ̣߳
䣡
ǵӰʧһͨɽһƬֳ³ݡ
ʥ͵ؾʹʧ

ҹɫīҰš
һƬҰرŵĲľīҹɫ·ļŹ

Ѱһ˱ŲڴˣĹˣЩԲ͸ˡ
Կ϶ǣӦڤ֮ߡ
ǵɽеĲ·飬ͨͬķ򡣡
ϸһɣЩ·ľͷԻͨƬ򡣡
ȿ˵ɡ
ѰϣҹɫǰС
ƬأڰǣʯľԶֳɫռžѹޱȵĸо
ûãǿһȺ޵ߣʱһ
ѣǺεأ
Ѱǰѯʡ
ԷԭԾޱȣɼֻ·ɫͲ١
ǸսɣڤΨܹɽ·дǿߣִܹ˵ء
һڵ
ô˵˵Ѿ˲ˣ
ϸ̲סʡ
ˡ
Щ޵ûжයҴҶȥԵúܾ衣
ڤ
Ѱ
û뵽νڤ֮ߣ֮󣬶ҲζţĲͬעŲͬĻԵ컯
ǼǰС
һ·ϣżҲһЩǿߣɶɫҴңɫ衣
Ѱǻܿһ·޵ߣڳͬһȥ
ע⵽һĻѰҲȥ
ڤ֮ˣ죡
ûãһ͸żĴ𣬾ͼһȺ޵߷ɶգһ㳯Զۡ



1225 ڤ
ڤ֮
ǵǴеĿһӡŵ컯ͲУ
ǻԥʲô
ϸĦȭơ
ѰЩν
ӽڤӽѻòٺôԺܾˡ
һѪӣһɱԴһ̨ס
ֽĹѨ磬ȡԼʮűԴ
ֽڤ֮ߣɽؾк棬սǧΪɱ䡣
ңһʽСȥ޻ء
ˣҩһջҲв١
˵ھ뿪ѰҲź
֪Խ컯վԽ¡
⡰ڤ֮ѱ޵߶ϣȷӡŵ컯ǰõģ
ѰҲܾҲϸ򣬻ǼǣǸġ
ˣһҲ޷
ؼǣѰϸлһҪ̫һŵѩܡ
Ѱƣ϶һ͡ڤ֮йصĴ컯
ߣ
ǰС
ڰֵ磬ŶɽʯľԳֹİ֮ɫպѹ֡
ңԽǰУεѹϢԽǿңǺڰвĳֹͲ꣬ëȻ
ѰǽԾ
Ӱ
أԶĺڰһ˻ƣ͸žźͲ
ģʲô
ߣ
ŭĴд
ؿʼ¡¡죬ǧڴӼңԶĺڰг
ѰǶʱֹ
ڤ𣿡
˴
ʱѰҲǺڰУѤõĶݹӶݣǳȺ޵ߡ
ֻǣɫԾޱȡ
糱ˮĴ
һѪŹ񡢹ޣִǱźɫ紫˵еڤѹ
ǧ飬糱ˮԶضǡ
˵Ⱦ󣬾ڤĴſеĶҹڤһˣĿġ
ܵ޵УӰвԹϵͳĴˡ
ڣӶݣ
Ҳ٣
ϸ˸ֿڣɫ䡣
ߣ
ѰҲ˲Ťͷӡ
Ǿ޳ǧڤ壬һУ³Բõ
Զף糱Űڣ׽û
ѰʶǿӶʱ˲䶼֪ڤУǹ񡢹һ飬ž˵
ۣ
ѪŽһͷ޴ĳȸӶʱһ˰׹ǳìݺݴ̴׹󣬶ʱ̤ĩҲ̶á

ԶһȺ޵ҽУһȺ׹ľצſɲ
ʮˣ˲ͱɱһգѪٷ
⻭棬Ѫȶֲ
𣡡
ϣһ˻쳹һǧɳӴޱȵİ׹ڿն
̫Ӵˣһͷڤɽɢ֮񷶼û
ֻһЩ޵߻£ʹڿѪ󱻳Ĵɱ
䣡
УһƬ͵׻ٰкնǷΧ㡣
ǿûܶܣڻԪ񶼱
סڤ֮ϣ
Ѱɿ촫ɫޱȡ
Ҳܳӱܲ죬Ӷʱŷ֣˷ҲǺƺƵڤ
䣡
Ѱ䣬ͱʮ˹Χ󣬾ͱûǴС
񷸩أǳˮĴ޵У粻۵С˻
ѰҲ޷϶ϸǾǷĻѾ˲ЩΪҲв
Ѫɱ죬ǲҽ˻
ȻǾߣڱޱ޼ʵĴ֮ҲԵúܲ԰׺

ںڰľͷһƬϵżԫбڣ档
ΨһɫǣɢãϢڰĻļ¡
ʱŽա
ھԶʮӰȺֲڲͬ
λãһüĿ㣬ɫ۵ˡ
ԺڰԶޱ߼ʵĴһ˵â
ϸиһµķţһһף㣬ޱȡ
ˣȻ㡣
λڤɨֻ³֮⣬ûִܹ˵ˡ
Цſڣʡ
ֲǿɫЩĿⶼһ˿޵ļɵ
֮ǰڤ֮
֮ģޱ޼ʵĴ
ʱǶһڵĹ޽ǣз
޽ɢ£ǺƺƵڤܵƿذ㣬˷ȥ
Եúܲ˼顣
ƾһ֧޽ǣһ֧ɲĴ˭ţ
Ҳˣ˲ŻᶼĴɵ
ѣôǷ̫һЩ
üߡ
ɢˮޣƱػֲƬе޵ߴޱȵĴ
һУעֲϵ
λһЩ߲˵ӦøмҲŶԣϾңǲ˲ٶ֡
ЦĿɨӳˣɫ
ڳЩ޵ߣһԲͬĹϵͳսǿ󣬲һЩŴ̥
ڤ֮ĴſʱЩ޵߾ͻΪľ֡
㲢壡
ڤ֮Ҳ֪Ǵ˵еһޡڤѪǷĴڡ
㲻Ŀ⿴ڷеĺڰ˼
ǿҲ˼

ֱһʱ糱ȥʧããڰС
¼žֻǿĲѪϢʾŸղŷһǺεȿֲ
һУ֪˶ˣ
ѰվһƬʬ۵ĴУĹˡ
һдȴҲǻԡѪЩǱദˡ
طա
Ѱһ̾ƶѾָϣҲҩĲڿٻָ
ʱѺϸ򡢼Īɢˡ
ƾϸǵսӦΣա

ֱ֮׻ָѰһٶ룬ǰȥ
һ·ϣֻɢɢһЩ޵ߣˣޱȡ
ȴûϸǵټ
㣬㲻ú
أһԹļ
ѰȻŤͷͼһƬѪУһŮУ˼أƶǣͷ­ѣϢ٣ӡ
ɫ䣬޾ĲʺԹޣע⵽ѰĿ⣬ѵſ촽϶һ٣ǡġ
û˵꣬Ȼš
ȥɫ䶼ź⡣
Ѱһʲôܹͣ˺ƴһ٣
ĬƬ̣ѰһǰԶǵĺڰУԼԼأѾܹһƬżˡ


1226 
һƬ棬ԫбڣĿꡣ
ںܾǰ˵ĶԾ˵شһƬ棬ż
ʱ֮ϣһɫֵĲãϢ
ߴ󣬵ȴԻֺƣǣبŲŲһ˿
⣬Ӧڤ֮ɣ
Ѱִʱ½һ޵߸
ȻǺѰһһƽҴ޵ߣࡣ
ڤ֮Ĵѿںڰãã
ȴ޷ֵЩǿ߽еĲ
ԭܼ򵥣⣬һӡŵ컯
֪Ǳ˭ֻ
ңܹҴһ·ִڴ˵ǿߣûһѰ
˶ע⵽Ѱɫ衣
Ѱֻǣδڤ֮Ǿ֮࣬Щɻ
ܿ죬Ǿ͹˲Щڤ֮
ϸôû֣ѵѾԼִ֮ǰ˴˵
ѰȴãҲϸǵټЩɻ
˼Ƭ̣һʯǰָһϿһּʯ˴һĵ档
һҲ̤ڤ֮
ڣããһƬֲָ
УǬֳһż
̨ͤ¥鿡̳ȣҲҩԡԷ
Ѿ飬ų档
ҵսĺۼӡۡɺԵѪգµʴԵü侪ˡ
Ѱһɨûü̽һľϮ
ৣ
һУ״ͨڣһɫ磬Ĳ˼顣
ѰһУһָһоը顣
ɳѰϣһɲ֮ص˷ͬʱһսһ񱦶һ񽣡
мл
սƥܣ籡Ӳͼڣѹķâƥ
ͻȻϵ޷죬Ѱ·
ɣֲֹһսԼǿĬ
ϧǵ͹ѰĿ£
Ѱܣ̽־ץסӭսָɽХӿ
꣡
һսҲ޼˿ȴѰһץ顣
УһһӰȰԶԶܿ
䣡
ͬʱȽѰһƬ貵ĵתһַţ͵ɢ
ǰ񱦶ѹ̶İһΪꡣ
һ񽣣һѣ
ңַƲϯ͸޼᲻ݵơ
ڰеǿ߽ɫ䣬Ӱ˸Զ˱ܡ
ǽʶӲ磡
Ѱ磬һץ½

һһͣ类еĳӣãŭг
ۣ
ͱУѪк
񣬰½ѳʡ֮ƣǿ˺ֹһɱѰָѴ֮
ã
򣬻ӰӶݣһĻнһûɳ
֮ǰڴˣƾĬϺǿս͵Ϯɱ˲Ŀ꣬ԴȡսƷ
˭룬˿ȴʧˣ
ԷһˣȴǿĲͶ֮䣬ͽǵ͵Ϯƿһɱһͬ飡
ߣ
ɶ񣡡
УǸͬķٶȽޱȣչֳھߵˮ׼
ϧǣ˿ѰУͲ
ĹѨʱɻɱꡢɽ٣̤㳤һپľС
ʵǧ۵Уһء
Ժŵ˵ͬľߣѰѾԵЩˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ɲǼ䣬ѰѸմȭ
ÿһȭӡеơԼķ춯أǿޱߡ
ǡ֮ᷨ
ը죬ǷͷܵӰȴͬһʱ屬飬类ĲӬ㡣
Ǵݿ࣬ɱɱ
һȺҲѧ˴٣֪
Ѱһıġ
ɨһۣ㳯ȥ
ħ̬ˡ
Ѱ뿪һսڤ֮ǿ߲пղŵһĻĻУҲͷƤ顣
ߣǿبź
ѰУȴֽ

ڤ֮һС磬֮ڹŽ۴αȣ඼˲֪¡
Ѱһ·ǰУûͣ
ִǰǿ߽룬룬;ʲôмֵıעѾһա
һɺԵĺɻس֣ǰһʯдš֡
֣ѰΪ֮ݣ˵Уڤ֮СءԳ꣬
ϧǣʯ⣬ʲôֵעĵط
ǰУѰ½һЩϡŹֵģȴľִʡ
Ƶĵǰдڤ˾Ҷ
̮ĹɲУ׭̡աĲб
ˣСٵءɭ޳ת̨ܺӡȵּ
ÿһƺĵʹ˵·ڤ֮ڣ˼䣡
Ѿż
һ·ǰУѰѾܹжϣ˵ںܾ֮ǰȻһɲɱ
ΪսĺۼܴǷеÿһطֳ

أԶһȡ
мɱײڻص
ѰһݣȻ̧ͷӴʶɢͼǧ֮⣬һɫʯ̨Сɽ
ʱһȺǺɫʯ̨ϼս
¡
Գʢޱȡ
ЩǿǺɫʯ̨ĿȨ·ĳǶۺ컯
ѰȻȥϸ۲죬ȴֽİףϸǵټ
ɫʯ̨߾ɣƼ̳ӡһоɵͼҹѲаٹҹСڤտաѪӱڡ
ÿһʯ̻Գ˵ɭϢ
ںɫʯ̨ǰһʯڵϣӶģּܱϳǡҡ֣
ͨ׶ԣǰͺŹȥδ
Ȼɫʯ̨νġҡ
ţ
ܿ죬Ѱע⵽Ҷһƪ̻ڵϵĹž
ǣһƬžᶯÿһּ㣬Ť˸ʳɬĹ
Щ֮ɱȻΪ˾
ң˾׭ڵϣ޷ȡߵġ
Ҳ˵һɱ˭ƿ⡰ҡӶȥһƪž
Ѱʶɢʱһݣҵĸ򣬻ŲϢ
Ȼлǿ߶
̨̫һŶѶȡô컯ڻһžδ̫ѿ˰ɣ
սУŭ
̫һţ
ѰĿٿȻȥͼսУһ۵국ȻЦԵ֮ƾ˭ȭͷȭͷΪβܰռ˵أ
У͸һ޷εİ⡣



1227 ʶ̧
̨ȷнıǮһˣѹȵǿ޷ٲ֧ս
˽˶̫һţҫ۵һһ䡣
̨ͬСۼ̺սѷɫ㣡
ؼǣһλŴ̥
䣡
ϣ̨ս˷УһϮۣ֮Ӱ㣬һһʽĪŷĿĵ⡣
һܿ죬һ˱ܣ̨һţɳȥ
ǿ߽ɫ䣬ش졣
˵ˣûлᣡ
̨ɫ͸š
Ŀ磬ɨطажص󱲣ûŭǰøϽҹ
羪ףвǿɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ϣ̫һŵĴ˿ɲֹ̨һܣ֡
Ϊ̨һˣѹȫ
Ѱע⵽һЩǿѹϷȻȥ
ҲһЩ£Ȼľ뿪
ߣ֪Ǳ飡
̨ߣرת˲䣬ѹ֣ҳֺ˻У
һﾹһҲ̤㳤һپֲøȺ
Ѱ
ڴʱһ»ͥӢֵѡ
Ѱɫʶ̽ڲԶһƬУһѩ۵ꡣ
лֱ˵
ѰҲ֪ͥǱеһϵͳ
ҵԸֵѺһ֣̫һŻˣһһʯ̹žֵ֪Σ
ӢֱԵ
Ѱ΢΢һУһ˲ʶڹעԼ
ȻЩʶˣǺӢһģԼˣһԸ̨ˡ
ֵѣһˣսףһžֻ»ѡ
ӢͳݣǺǺֹһһžܹǵġꡯ
ԭѰڿǣɵ˻ʱü
ѰӢЩãֵѣѾˣǳʱֻ¡
Ѱֻʲô
Ӣ˸źâֻǾͿǵзˡ
У޵вζ
ѰжʱףӢֻ¶ҪԼ
֮Լ޷ǵԼҲֵаˡ
֣вףܹӵн֮ɾͣҵҲǼģһУֻ²̫á
ӢɣֻҪӦϴ£ֻϹۣͬҲܹõǵġꡯ
ٷɿ죬ΪϵļɱѾβ
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ѰǷһĨȣֵǮȻ㻰˵ףҲǣ뿪ü򣬴һս߿ɾûǰˡ
㣡
Ӣɫһŭ̬Ѿŵúܵͣ˭룬ħһ㲻飡
ӢЩͬҲЦħ紫˵лǰⱡ
ΪѪϴ˼ɽأͿ޷ˣ
ʶ̧٣
죬Ӣߡ
⻰ͺܲˡ
Ѱˣâһûж˵ʲôӰҲ֮Ӱб¶
ţ
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֣Ǹãħ̫һŶţǡְֻ֮ӡ
Ц¶˷֮ɫ
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ӢܿҲӦɫʱ⣬һĨЦȡ
ħ񡭡̫ᣡ
ͬʱϣ̨Ҳǿѹ֣ˣӶˣսƯ
ҽʵ޿ɿԿ֮У
̨Ц־緢
̨ʦԼǣͬ˭棿
̨ʦ־£˵ȽԲөԣ
̫һŴ˽Է׷׿һɵ̬
̨֪ƨĻǺõģִЦ̾ߴʤ˭˿ɶţ
أһע⵽˴Ӱ߳Ѱüͷʱһ˺ˣĪҲ
ԱһŮӳԾ̨ʦ֣һħ񣡡
ħ
֣ħ㣬նʱţҲ̫һɫ䣬Ȼ
˭˵û˵ħĳƺţǾ԰׻ˡ
һ׺ƥĺˣǾ죬ѪϴɽأڹŻʱ¡
̫һЩˣȻ֪ܲЩ
ʶѰǽԾ
յı仯̨ü䵱Ѱֻһʱоˡ
λʦʦãһССħѣαʧ̬
̨ѵһ䣬˶¶֮ɫ׳ȷ̨ʦʲô
ħǰɣҲһҿԶһЩҸ棬ھʧ򣬽վ֮ʱ
̨°΢΢̧䣬ϸѰ
Դǣ̬Դһ˿٬ζַʽħ̬ȣ
·˵ȽԾħȻ壡
УӢ˽˷ע
˭ĵӣ˵
ѰⲽӰƮȻգȻɨ̨ˣ˭֪ҿڷ뿪ȥ㱨š
⣬ȴӢ˶㵣˺ôĿ벻̨УһҪ㣡
Щ̫һڴ˶һûɡģħȻ紫ǰ
ֻǣעҪΪ˸صĽѵ
㡭ΪҲ㣿
̨ɫǱ֮һϮ죬ɢ˵ĿֲϢ
пһʶ̨ʦŭˣҪ֪ģ
û㣬ҿǶ࣬ûʲôġ
ѰԴ⣬˶УȴԵü֮ſ
Ϊ˭̨֪㣬ǾеĶ
Ͼžֻ¶ûǵģ

̨ѳ̲סˣУ𣬻ͷų޾ɫ⡣
䣡
ȭɱ֮
ȸղŸǿˣ
УӢĿ˸ħȴʱ̨ûбŭǣǶ˸ǿֶΡ
һȭУκͬݣ
˲ѣѰжϳ̨սͽʮ̫൱
ϣ̨һȭȴһǽϣûпѰͱϣƵı
Ѱԭ˿дһ˿ζһˣ̬
̨ɫһȣţ񱩵ĵָһαŷ
䣡
ȭݿ࣬谭ֱѰͷ­ȥ
ֻǣ˿ѰǰֳһӲӽ֣ٿȻޣڿһײ
̶ıУĿȭ촷̨ۣ˶ײõɳȥ



1228 ħȫ
ţţţ
̨ײʮǿסӰɫǱޱȣͷ
˽𺧡
ɲǷӦ̨ѷһХٶȱȥ
ϣ
УһѩսƸ֣ԣһն
˷һն
ͼ򣬰ããһƬĿնȻ飬ѿĿĵѷ졣
̨ľУһɱ˸ŵĵ

һնǡƴ棬Ϊ֮ڡ
һѰһһͷѩױڿգХһ
¡
쵶⡢ⱬ飬ǧ֮أƱҡ
˵Ψףħ֮ǿš
ৣ
̨һγԣ裬һս֮ƣ֮
һ֣
⣬ǾɱֶΡ
ң̨ԳȫƿɲǵϢѹȵΧ˺Ϊ֮һϡ
Ѱûһַӳӡɢ֮Ϣѹȵⷽضҡ
飡
ײâֽɢ̨˶㱻ӡУǱرܿ
ѾʶԶиǿֻ˿Ѿﻢ£ֻӲͷƤսȥ
һʱ䣬ͼݺᣬǧƥգŭΣûʮ֮ƣ
ǿͷƤ顣
һλ̤㳤һپľŭʱѰɱȣ
һУѰǰͽͣ
תű䣬򷨲̨֣Ĺһһ˵ɺ⡣
ʼգѰӰ˿δ
Щ̫һŵĴ˳ɵۡ
֮ǰǱ̨ѵ⣬ĻΪΪ̨ڣɲħ
룬̨ƴȫأȴħһǶ
УӢǵɫҲ粻
֮ǰǱɽۻ˼ΪֻΪ֮
ɴʱȴʶǴˣ
ƾУħǰֻ̨һͷֽϻˡ
̨ǿ
սӢǶɵ֣ҲһֱڰУ̨һսˡ
ڣս̨ȴռκһ˿ˣֻ֤ǿħ̫ǿˣ
ʲôһ֣
أ̨𣬴˿̵ɫޱȣĿѣ籩ŭޡ
֮ǰ־緢ֱˡ
䣡
λ̫һŴ˵ʱ˲ö룬Ȼ
Ƕʱٲ֣˵ռңⲿžˣѣ
ɱ
һЩ̫һŴ˱㶯ȫͲһ˿
һʱ䣬ӿڣԵĵѤõıｻ֯ˡ
òϣ̫һŵʵǿĸÿжһսС
Ǽ룬̨ʱоѹɲ١
ϣһ£Ѱǵ¶һĨЦݣӡ
䣡
ҲٳɣɾԨ֮ӭȥ
УǺű
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ˣħУ
սڴ˿̴ﵽǰҵĵز
׼˭ʤ˭ҵľʱ
УӢһɿ촫
нâͷӦ
סһ֣ͱȫԸҪСħ˿һޱȵӲ磬𡭡
ӢأԲģֽж
ֻǣ˵һ룬Ȼֹ鶼
ΪУսѷ˱ʡ
䣡
ͼѰӿԣȭÿһȭкɨǬ޿ɵֵ֮
ͼ̫һŴˣһɳȥڱѪ嶼ըѣĲҽС
Χ֮ƣʹ˻⡣
ǰŲʮ֮䣡
ӢֽŶΧѹƲסħ
Щͬ飬˿Ҳ壬ȻʧɫĿʼҡˡ
֮ǰҪô˻ո컯
룬ħ֮ǿȫǵԤ
⣬ô֣
ڴˣֵ̨֮ǰѰһֱ˿Ĺ
ʶѰǿ󣬵жǿȴ
ڣˣ
ѰĹоһλĴѹһǰδеϢѹȸУеޱȵ
ȻƴһУ޷һ˿
ǿ
̨ףһ׾ȭƿնѹһ֮ơ
ֻȭ̺ġǫ̛ëȻܵա
ԥˣٶ졣
飡
ɼˣ廹ǱȭɨУʱֻϲ֮ĴһǣѣѪǶ֪˶ٸ
һĻӢǶеͷӵĳ嶯
̫ǿˣ
ԶԶţǸܵһԵľ֮С
ߣ
̨˻𣬴أѪ̫һŵĴֱѡӶݡ
ûսȥ
ѰǿѾݿǵĶ־ĻԼȥƴ
㣬һҪ̸һ£׼
Ѱδ׷
ʯж˱Ѱϵһ𣬵δϸɱ֡
ѰȻҲ顣
Թмɱ֮¡
Զ̨ǶӶݣӰʧҲ֪ѰĻûС
ΣһΣѰǱҪΪϸҪһһڶģ
ѰӰƮȻϣ̧ۿ򰵴λǲҪ컯𣬿Կʼˡ
Ӣ˵ɫʱѿԥ
ȥĿɼȲġ
ߣûսʤѰһʱ䶼ޱȡ
ղţȲ˵Ҳʶ̧𣿲һвңôȴˣ
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ֵѣ֮ǰҲֻҽѶѣα˵Щ
Ӣһɫ
Ǻǡ
ѰЦˣҲ֪ǵ˼޷֮ˣڣҸǻᣬȿɸǰһս
ƽȴ֮⣬Ƭջص
Ӣʱɫò
ħΪУ
һ걩ŭо𣬱Ѱ̫ݡ

Ѱ͵طһκǬ
һ֣Ӱһģɫɷףܵһƨڵϡ
Ե̫Ǳѿˣ߷ߵú޲һطȥ
ˣҲΪУ
ѰЦ
ߣ
ӢҧһϣƲˣѱѰ壬ȥսҲʤ㡣
˭ߵģѰȻڡ
һ仰Ӣɫһ䣬ĳȵףʶħʹ˷Źǡ
һʯ̹žѱõҵҲѲԸƽϣ㻹Ҫʲô
Ӣ
⣬ӣһԹǵңôˣ˻οѰ
Ѱ磬ȫ


1229 ڤ
Ѱ˻һӢǵɫһѿ˼¡
ЦΪ㲻ɣ
̲סڡ
̫ǶѾˣٲϴ£ħ񾹻ģǵʲôˣ
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ϣ
ѰԣΨжӳ
ſն
۵һԶǽ֮˶Ӧͷ­ͱն䣬ѪȪӿ
Ӣ˵ֽű
ʶһ£ƾħ¼һ޼ɵļһ
µһĻҲ֤һ㡣
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ѰĮ
ڤ֮ҵĿ̫ʱԽãͿԽǿ졣
ţӢǺ޵ݶҧ飬һﵱҩðײ˲ɣ
ɵѰĿ⣬бޱȣջѡͷ
١
ת
Ԫ
ǲݡ
ҩֵ
ѰԣЩҩƷֻСµȣһԺĶûС
ǹԹԵͷϣѰҲɢӬƵģ뿪
ߣӢǶһǻĺ޺ŭɫһһѿƲˣҲֻס
һݻ˵ΨѰˡ
ѰҲЩһѾԼлᣬᱨ
ں
սҲЩ۵ĶֵļǺޡ
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ᣡ
СûѰ
Ŀ⿴ӡһʯ̹žϡ
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ǿȥǶУΪⲿžһֱڱú
ֲֻ̨ڴ˵žҲʶ˾ȴ޷ȡߺǣƽͲаע̫ʱ䡣
Ѱͷһ˿
ڤ֮ڵС磬ԵԲֹһԲеľʱ䶼ķڴ˵ء

Ѱ˿̴ȴһ˿Ц⡣
Ϊǡöøβȹž

Ӵʶɢǧְӿһʯ̹žͼС
һзŤַתŲͬĹ켣ѣޱȣҲޱȣͷ
ʶҪ׽ЩʱǱһţ˸żҲС
ѰЩ
ʶУЩ־һƷţ仯ǧ޼Ѱֻ轫һһк飬ܿ켣һһ׽͹
ˣ޵߱ȻҲ԰쵽
Ѿڣÿһִĺȫͬ˽壬עȥкΪһƪž
ֻǣЩѲѰ
ˣ
һ̣ʶΪʣʯ̹žͼһճһĹ켣
󣬾˵һĻˣԭʯͼзЩ֣·ܵǣһ㣬ʼѰһ켣£
Ⱥҵ˶ϣʼۡ
ѰʶϻӶ۶ĹҲԽԽࡣ
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Щǿ߳Щ⣬ϲæҡ
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ΪǿտҲޱȵʯ̹žͼ粻֪ʲô˸ȡˣ
ʱЩǿһǻϲҲɡ

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·ϣѰһ֪˽⵽ڤİأһն꣬ĴУ
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Ϊƣǹڳܣ
ڤ֮Ѱѳ嶯ȥ˾ˡ
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ѪӣӿѪɫˮƺƵ֪𣬲֪գ㡣
һִһ˼Ϣѹֲһء
Ѱ֮ʵȻ
ϸȥѪӱ˰ĸ߿УһѪƻۣãУһΰֺѪɫ̳
ϧһѪӣȻʶȥ۲⣬Ҳ˵ʥϢʶ̽
ҲѰܵڡ̨Ϣ
֮ǰܶԷʱѲźۼڶԷϴһԼӡ
ֻǰͼ˴˵ء
ǾѪӱ˰ˡ
Ѱ

Ѫ֮УȻһҺɫСһôŰ׹Ǵ
ϤһĻѰ˴
ѵ֮ǰһѪɫǺǰһѪģ
Ѱϸһ飬ֲδϴ֮ǰһҺɫСô
ಡ
ɫС֣Ѫ֮½ӳһǿߵӰԳ߻۶
죬ڤˣ
˺
һȡϴĻᣬ˰ϵ컯ɾҪױȶɴȥǿ߶ˣ
ЩǿߣԶѵȴʱ䣬ɫС֣¶Ȳ֮ɫ
Ȼɴ˺ӣҪǺɫСУ


1230 
ڤ
ƺѰǵһ
ѹ˲ö룬ΪʱǿߺնռλҪںɫСִﰶߵĵһʱɣ

˱ȣɢʢĻ⣬ǰһǿӲɳȥ
ɢģһ꣬ӲӣӰһͷѩ׳
ʥ֮ءիذϻ룬һλǿ֮ĹŴ̥
ҿɱ⣡
һĵͳһŮƮȻӰŵɫ⡣
üɣģڣɢϢ˲
Ѧᣡ
ʤĦ߳һλŴ̥
޵ͫһУܿ
ļµǣһǿ߶һ˿ͱѦּ̧䣬Ĩ
һƬˮƮ˵ʬĨһգܽһ㡣
ѰʱüŮ˾٣ΪȺۣδЩںݶˡ
ذϻͷѦһۣ˸ղδȻϿѦʵ
ڤӱ˰֮أǴ˵в컯֮صġڤ̳ɣһΣҵǰһۣ
һЦһòϢɱһ걩
𾪺˶ܲӰЮĿײ䣬һء
ʥҶϹŴ̥
˳Ծϳݡ
һʱ䣬λеĶڣ޵ɫ粻
ν˱ˡ
磬ڳЩ޵ߣһһĿܺͽŮҫޱȣиĽ
ԴӽϾžͬ콾֮ľУЩܵǿߣʱԵð
ͽһɽһɽߣˡ
ȴʱիذϻ롢ĦѦᡢϴ˶½֣ɺƣʱѹס޵ߣ
Ѫɫڤ֮ϣɸ죬˸ǰ
ţ
ɾڴʱ޵ע⵽һӰ°ɫ꣬ƻȻûע⵽ذϻ˵Ĵڣֱȥ
ذϻüбѰһۣ
ѦϣˣɨѰĵ棬ɢźεų֮⡣
Ӵǲɽ¶ˮģȴҿĪһλز¶ĸ֣
һģȴϷʵ٩֮⡣
ЩѰûᡣ
ǺɫССֻ㣬ԤΪϴĻᣬƱػᷢҵľ
ѰɫȻֱѦͶذϻ벻һһĨɫ
Ѧɢĺˣ֪ںԵʣȴδȡʲôж
Ҫ֪ղΪһǿߵǱֱӸĨɱ
ЩΣĵ٩ֱӱӣһûȤĸоͬûֹѰ
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Ѧ̲סһɳǵĺ䡣
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ΪѰǰУ͵֮أκǿ߶ԣγǱڵв
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ͲѰǷӦֱӶָ֣һӲӵĴ󶦣͵سѰ¡
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ǷĽ꣬ȴһֵĲҽУ׷ɳһƯĻȣԶԶѪ׹ȥ
䣡
ѪУһͷѩ׶ӴĹԣſھͽӰûʧѪ¡
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ΪʼգǸûǽܣ׷Ѫеģ
УѰһֱǣ˫ָͦӰǺ嫵Ѫӣҡһ˿
ԵüͲ˼飬Ī
ذϻ롢Ѧᡢ˵ɫ΢䣬ѰĿʱˡ
ǵս۽磬ܲѰδϣȴɢһɼɬǿĽһٽǽ׽Ѫӣ
ܹһλ׽䶼޷ѣ֪ǰǺǿ
Ȼһλز¶ĸ֣ƴЦ
ذϻ봽ǲײسһ£ղǶһλˣ
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㡭
ѦЩ𲻶Ҫ֪ղţвѰһֹԴǺܲм
ֻǣ׼˵ʲôʱǺɫСѵִﰶߣ
ಣ
ֻǰһʧѰӰٳʱǺɫСϡ
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սɱر
û˸ҶѰذϻǶ֡
ɫСϣôƶЩȻ˵ֱһУһյƵ͵ƣ˴ͷ


1231 Ǹ
Ѱһ̤ϺɫСͽһҩ
ڴβԶǺƺƵѪɫڤӡ
ûнڤӽ֮ǰѰʶ̽һƬصϢ
ʱһ׵Ļ档
һѪӿڣһ߾߹ʬ
зӼüı̴һ¶ŭݡ
Ʋѣɳ
¶ڵʥˡ
жͷƵޡ
һ⣬ȫѪС
ͬʱħ޺ʥ˱˻ֳһ𡢴ֲѪܾ
ʱѰͻɣɲһĻԴ˵еڤӡ
ʱɫСϣĹˣѪϣ֪𣬲֪գبų档
Ѱ㱼䣬·ֿһĻĻɲľ󣬿һ߾߸Ѫеʬ
⣬Ǵ˵еڤӣ
ɫСϣذϻ롢Ѧᡢ½ִռһλãһҩ
ȻҲ֪˴Ĺء
ѰˣѪӣһŵģذϻ˱˴˶һۣջĿ⡣
ûȥѰ
֮ǰǽһĻǽʶǰһѷɫǵĺݽɫ
ϣҵɱڳ
ܿ죬½ӱϺɫСֱһӰݵӺһģεŮӡ
ֻǣ˽ԡѪЩǱһִﴬϣȽҩذϻ˹˹֣̬ȷŵĺܵ͡
ಣ
˳ϴֻǻȿͱһƵĵӰɨУٿȻɳȥڱѪ
ͬʱ𴬽ɫС뿪˰ߣѪɫڤȥ

ɺޣ
ϣ𲻸ʵĴЩûܵǴǿ߽ǻʧ䡣
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£ѻ˵ִ˰ʸ񣬽ʱȻҲȥһԵĻᣡ
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أһУԼԿһ꣬ڻִС
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ֻĿҲ̫ˡ
ϸҵţ㣬ȻΪһ
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ѰĪӣϸȴҡͷʾ֪
ԭһڤĳ£ϸͼҲɢˡ
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Ѱ
ϸüЦͷģڤ֮еĻԵɲֹһȥط
ĿϸԶȥѰջĿ⡣
껹ˣ̫ûܸɱᣬֻûˣĻл󺰴С
Ȼ˷٩ƵЦ
Ƕֻǻһڣپһĺһ
̧ۿȥͼѰ֪ʱѽĿ⿴ĺо֮ɫ
ذϻҲղԣɫ΢
Ǹ
ѰڣԼ࣬ȴ͸Ųɵζ
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УѴϲ
ѰսСĿ֮£ѰȴЩҲס
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ΪԤеļսûбֱӱ߬ס˲Ҳ֮
Ҳ˵ȶһλӶ߳ĹŴ̥һжûֵסͱ£
˲䣬Ѧֱð⡣
Ϊͬǿɶ¾͵ϮͻȻ֮䣬ƾǵҲһƷ
ڣ׵رܣֵûУԵúܿɲ
Ǹ
Ѱٴοڡ
ֻһΣȴû˸̬ȣ
ɫǺ죬ĿоŭͲʣջǵͷɬҵǸóԲѷѸ̧֡
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飡
Ѱɿ֣ڴϣҿأָӡ
ˡ
ѰĿ⿴Ѧᡣ
Ѧһɫʱñޱȣ㡭ҲҵǸ
ѰѳԲѷԵǸ㣬ҳԲѷѵôˣ
аʶԭһﲢûƢһֱ̣
˭֪ڰʱѦѵͳѰһĻ
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Ѧ
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Ϊ֪һսƱػᲨ˭Ҳ⣬ͬʱжѰһ˿
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һʱ䣬ǿѰĿⶼòһˡ
ɳϣѦݱãջǵǸмҵǸ񣬻Ѽ¡
ûг⣬һɺ⡣
˭ó
ϾǵǸ
֤Ѧк޼ҲԸڴʱѰ
ϣ´Ρ
ѰջĿ⣬طβЩ
ֻǣϵѱòͬأѶѰųͼɵ
ʼգôһ޶ãŰ׹ǴѪɫڤ֮ϡ
ͷƵ͵ҡҷ°߲ĹӰ
ڤϣݡ
أѾܹ˰ϣһѪɫƮҡ
һѪɫ̳߸ϣƸǣ֣Ե֮
ڤ̳
һӡŵ컯ͲУ
ɫ죬ĿⶼԶ
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룡
ӺŮæһ࣬ҪѰС
ѰƳһۣҲûоܾ
ֻǣŲ̤´һɲ䶸
ڲͬλõĶѦᡢذϻˣͬһʱˣʱץľ׼ޱȣԤı


1232 ̳
䣡
ֲĵ⣬ЮŸʽͱǵذ㣬ն촷ۣӿƬء
λŴ̥һ֣Զȫ
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Ψһ·ǶɫС
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Ѱ͵Ϯ
һǰһѰлС
޿ɵ
޿ɱܣ
Ѧ뵽Ĳԣ϶ذϻˣһڴ˿̲Ѱ
ԭܼ򵥣֮ǰ·ϣѰͶǸ
ذϻǣͬѰĻΪѰ֮ǰľٶ̫ǵĴڡ
ѦͶԣʱƱػᱬսǺɲ룡
һǵı
ңһ֣ȫԸ
ΪǶԸѰȺˣѣһֱ뽫Ĩ

ϧǻǵ͹Ѱ
һ̣ΧеѰɫϵˡ
ϣһݵĿֲƳױ
䣡
貣һַڶڣ֮ŭͶսʥһת
˲䣬֮ǰһֱԵõȻƵѰ绯һħ֮
飡飡
ը죬ӺŮֱӱÿѪ嵹ɳȥڤС
䣡
ͬʱǧȭŷݿ࣬ӭĸֹȫ촷ۡ
꣡
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һĿ⿴Զ߿ա
Ѫɫƻۣڤ̳֡
ಣ
Ѱڿն

ϣһ䣬ԳʺѪɫϢȴѪȣһʥζ
ִոߴͷ֣ڤ̳Ƿ֮µһСɽƵģͨڣתʥϢ
̳֮ϣһʯϱ߹ŲƷԱʵϼͻڣ޷
˭ǾǴ˵طӡŵ컯
ܿ죬ѰоȻΪ̳Ϊģ˷Ѫɫ֮ϣ޵ߵӰ㣡
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ϰˣ
ѰЩԾ
ִ֪˵أҪڤӽءپڤѪѪɫڤڤ֮ߡڤӡ
һ·ϣأһǿ;оͻ٣޷˵ء
ڤ̳ȴϰλ֣
һλߣȥȼ̳ϵķӡ쿪ʱҲ֪ջж˲Ͻ
һ
ѰĿһɨȴδһԴ
Ҳ⣬ͨ۲죬̾ͿֲѪɫΧǿߣԶԶ޷Ϳڤ̳ǿȡ
Ҳ˵ڳǿߵʵԽڤ̳ͱȻԽǿ󣬷λֻѱռݣ
Ҳܽźѹ֣ɱγɱ˴˾衢˴˶ŵĸ֡
ͬʱѰҲӢˣǵλòǰҲ
ѰĿ⣬ɫԱ粻к⣬Ҳļɵ
ˣѦᡢذϻˣѰһϸ
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ԶѰĻ⣬䣬˵Ѱ
ϧ˵֮˿ûһܻΪһ仰ȥѰȥ
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Ѱɫһʶɢ
ǺǣСӵͦеҴһԣ
һΣѰ˲סԷһɫŲ԰ɫĽӡ
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ΪҲңɱ㣡
ѰɱһӰƾʧ
ͬʱǽһ͵ӿһɼȵΣոоƤðԥˣܡ
飡
ֻǣһɲһȭƿնͷ­˲飬Ѫ䡣
ʱ䣬ǿ궯һɫ䣬ɫ졣


1233 
һɱ
ѪȵһĻһǿҵӾ
ǱɱḶ̌Ҳһλߣڣһȭûסͱе
ѪƮѰԭڵѪɫϣ䣬Ȼ
ֻǣٿĿѱȫһ
һݲӣ
λѰǿߣԾؾͽ䱸ٴС
ħ񣡡
ҲڴʱϳѰݣʱ궯
˶¶Ȼ֮ɫֲøǿƣԭǴ˵Ǹ޼ɵĺˣ
дǿ߶ѰⲢǶԡħֵ˽⡣
һʱ䣬һЩﶼʼӣҽѰ·˿
Ѧᡢذϻסɵˡ
ǵȻҲ֪ħֻȴû뵽Ϊ޵һ֣ǡ
һ̣ǶпѪĳ嶯ˣ֪Щںڤʱ϶ǰԴѰ
ϧںڶˡ
Ӣǣ˿ƨҷš
Ҹ䱻ԣѶϾ˺ѰԿ˼
û취ǿɶħսǿ󣬸Щܹǵġ
ȻԺͶԸѰǻּɵġ
ֵѣ֪Ǻˣ
Ȼ˿ڣЩֻζ
һʶʲôɫùŹ
ѰȻһ˶ѣҹ˭
⻰ʮ㡣
˶壬Ǵ˵ηħ񣬽ݵǣòԲλࡣ
ҲЦѰ㣬԰ʥ̣游ʥ̴˾£
˻һɫЩ΢
˽ʥ̵ģһѲʥ֮أͽһǲηĺˡ
Ȼʵ㣬ҲҸƴ
ˣη塣
µǣ˽˵Ľɫ˭Իᱻ׷ɱֱ
·ͺ칷ƣͬǣʥʥ֮أӵе̡֮ʢԶں칷֮ϣ
ȻǸһʥ֮УۼӰ죬ʥҲһȻĴڡ
һԣûԸʥ̵ͽΪһȺѪķӡ
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Ѱʱɱ̣ȥƱػᱻʥ̶ϣȴӾ֮򷵻أֻ¾ͻܵʥ̲ݵı
ͳɵѰǱܺƣݣѰһСƽôࡣ
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ʱѰڽʱʥ̵ΧҪԸĿֲޱ
ΣʱѾ¡
ʶԡʥ̡֮ԼѰоܻ
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ԱߣһϮɫۣһйž΢ЦԵ֮ѣܸһλµĺ˲ԩ
̫ҵӱܼʱУ̨Щˣʲô˼ʦֲ
Цɣ˫ָȻû˵ħеߵģɱ޹֮ˡ
̨һƣôôоΪħ⣡
˵ˣҪʦ̸
̨õ˶۸ͷˣ㻹ϡࣿ
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η֣ԼˣѰĿֻһɨԱߵϡ
̨һƣɣѰУֻ°ֵܽע⣡
㣿ѰһڣʱȫĿ
ʱڤ̳ܵϰλǿУĴڣ˼ɵġ
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ѰҲЦˣܿº£ŵһԶѰİǡ
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١
֣ɫһӱþ֣˲㱻һǺҿԲѡ
٣
ħҲֱ̫˰ɣ
Ҳס⧲֮У̲סЦ֣˻Ǻ⣿
ûжŭûߣֻһֿЦõ̬ݺǼ˲
Ѱ΢΢һЦû취û٣һ޶ԣ
ԭΪѳͷģ
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Ҳˣ̲סЦ֣Ե֮ˣǳû٣ҵɲδº֣һ
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Ŀ֮£Ѱ̨޲ðͷط죬ɫ粻ѾװܸѰη
һƵģ΢΢һЦ֣ȻˣǱȴ˵컯ʱҶ¼Σ
Ѱͷɡ
ɲǼ䣬һĨһš
ԶѰЦ


1234 Ե
˽Կ
ħ񣬻㣬ڳǿ߼ɵ
ڣȴìܣԤ컯٣֮ʱؿΪǿṩɳ֮
ڴˣѰҲ֪벻⡣
ִȾǿߣ޵֮ƣΪһŶ
㡭Ҫʲô
˾УѰԼ
·š
ѰƳһۣ̤ǰ
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⣬Ʊػἷռ˵λã
;һЩⲻѰֵǿߣǿĵų⣬ܿΪѰ·
ţ
أѰע⵽ڤ񸮴壬ڲԶ
ͬʱҲ֣ãһԵսʼʱұȫ֧㡣
ѰЦЦ֣㲻˵ͷжԻøԵĻ𣿡
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ѰûдΣĹϵûеĿΪʱ
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ҡͷڤޣǶ˴˴λᡣ
ѰЦ컯˭
϶вʵ
ѩ˽ڤ񸮣ĵλҪߺܶ࣬ڤʱѩвʣҲȻҪø塣
֣㻹ǺúɣͬһӪֻ»ܵ˵һѹ
Ѱ仰ͳǰȥ
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Ѱִʱ֮ûеһʱѰкǵĺѰվһ𣬻Լٷ粨
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֪Ȼ˿ȥ޸ѰĹϵֻҲѾˡ
ĴƿǱ޸Щ̺ҲעܱĨ

ھڤ̳һѪɫǰѰ谭
ħλѻˣѵǿɣ
ǵģһɫսףģӢӣͷһŶǣһӲӵ
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ڤ̳ܣʮѪɫƣܹϵģ޲ǿеǿߡ
캣ȷǿ̤㳤һپ
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캣ɫ䣺ҲӦأ
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캣ɫһб˵ĺâ㻹ԼһˣǲԸ컯֮ǰۣͳֿ̬ȣҲһɱ㣡
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㡭
캣ŭۼһսҪɳϵǣ캣һȴˡ
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˶캣ãǶѰµʶ
Ѱüû˵ʲô
ǹͷħԽţľԽң
캣Ц
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Զһ̾ˣϨ˺Ѱһͬͬ˵Ĵ㡣
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Ŀ⿴̳֮
һʯϱ߹żƷЩƷԱɹͻǣת뵣޷ʵ
Ѱ֪Ƿӡӡ˿ɶȡЩƷ
ʱһһš
һ磬̳֮ϣͷ׵ɹͻûĭ㣬ʼһ顣
ѵȴʱǿߣ˿нһĿˢˢȥÿϣɢɲϢ
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Ʒҩ̲һͨ壡
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ѰǵһǿߣҸһ߷󤲽ٶ֮죬˲ơ
ֻǣǼַ̳֮򣬿Сʵһ磬ʯһɽΡ롣
Ѱٶȣִʯ֮ʱҲʮʱ䡣
ܹһһִģֻˡ
У̫һ㡣
ಣ
Ѱûһ۾һƤžʩչ½ȡ
ֻǣ㵵ǣһƤžȴͨ飬ƾһͳһλ
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ٵģ
ƤžֻǻûƷʵڣ
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ͬʱŭԶһǿߣһʵհҩƿڴ
˲䣬ٳǿɫһ䡣
ӡµһ컯ѵһƭ֣
尡
˭ң
Զиǿǻ֪飬˿̽ɱ컯
ԣƷģ
أѰע⵽ȡһŶ쵰Сӿĳ챦顣
ע⵽ѰĿ⣬һУЦ֣òھͶְɣ


1235 ڤ
Уо衢и롢Ҳһ˿޵ĵ⡣
ΪѰ֮ǰȡһ
ֻǣѰڣͷһֽУ˦ֶһ
һŸձȡĻӡ
䣡
˦֣ŻӾͺȻը
ʱըĻͷĵˣüëͷԵ쳣Ǳ
Ѱһ̲סЦղһﻹҫھˣš
ѰһݣʶԾ
Ϊʱ򣬵ǿߣȡıҪôöɡ
ҪôһŻӰ㣬ɲĻǿ˴ˣ
ֱӱѪģѪܵģޱȡ
УȻ𣬽Ծŭӡ
ô£
һӡŵ컯ӣ
ٵģ
ҧɫ
֮ǰһֱݶ㣬ɴʱȴЩܻ
ಣ
ѰǹϣԥͳˣԶء
Σգ
ڤ̳֪֮Ա˵طӡ컯ֻ˵Ʋˣ棡
ۼѰˣ˶һЩɣˣǿɲġ
Ҳѡ˱ܣ
˵غܹ죬ܻıһޱȣһ񶦣һհҩ
ɶѾ֤õģ
һУһ㣬зë
䣡
أ˺ɱһѩꪣͷѰնɱѩ⡣
ߣܣ
ǻһĹŴ̥캣
֮ǰѰóλãģԭ컯ʱûѰ
˭룬ȫͬʱѰӶݣԥѡ˳֣
ȻҪɱҪѰڴ˵أߣ
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⵹ѰЩ⣬һȭɲ˭ܵסġ
⻰뻨캣УȴһĪĳǺ죬ŭڡ
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أһѪⴹ䣬Ѱǰ·һѪ£ò信ӡ
رһ͸Ѫ꣬һͷѪɫƮʣӰ֮Ρ
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Աúܲ
ղЩô£
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ڤŶһȡһѪɫͭɢĹ꣬ЩԱӡҵġڤУλѸղֻЩԻˡ
ָ޳𪣬ĵͭת⣬뵣Եޱȣһȫ˵Ŀ⡣
ڤ
ȻһͬѰı
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ڤ΢΢һЦ컯Ϊƿأ˵ڣ֪λΪѰ컯ˣ԰꣬һ̸
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λ롣̽⡣
ԥ
ˣҵкܶɻġ
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ڤӺЦͷ̫һͫд飬Ժǰ;Բ
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˿ڸȷڤӸղԲ٣˵е컯ƿţ
ⲿžڤһλʥλʥ;ʱõĸָĵá
ڤӴ˻һһЩǿ߶⵹
ʥĵѰ
ңǣ;ĵúͰأκǿ߶ԣһɿܵջ
˭룬ѰȴɾܾˣҺܲĪΪƾЩͿҸı⣿
ڣǼ鼴
˻Ѵ˵컯ıѵãѰȴʶЩԾ
ֻǣ̬ⷬȴ˴㵣ħҲ̫װˣǿһžһҩֻ˵˵ѣڳһǧ̬֮ȣ
Ѱڤһǻ⣬ȴξܾǲЩˣ
캣俪ڣ˵ûڤӷУ
ѰɱһӰƾʧ
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캣ɫ䣬һȭƿ
꣡
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⣬޳ն
֮ǰѰúʹ˼ƽϣ˭룬ȴԼ̣
˻Ϊɵνڤӣ˿̲
ϧǶˣ


1236 ͼ
飡
ͷأѪˮ
󣬻캣ҲȻء
һʱðޱȣһľڳÿǿͷ
캣ǻһĹŴ̥սǿڤ̳֮ǰҲռǰλϡ
ڣգۼ䣬ͱħɱ
ѪȵһĻڳˡ
ѰгӢ˺Ѧᡢذϻǣ˿ɫԵ粻
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һƬžУһϮѪۣ̬׿ڤӸ̾˲֮Ҳţ֮У
̾˼žȴձЩŹ֡
캣ˣڣȴʽ򡭡
ڤӣֱоǶѰ
㲻ŵ黹кܶ࣬С֣
ѰȻ
⻰ʹŷζˡ
˭룬ڤȴΪȻЦпԲ٣ҳ˯££ѷ˽⣬ԣŻкܶҪλ̡
ѰһһǸǺ
ѣ£ұ֤һžһζҩ컯֪Σ
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ǿнЩƽ⣬ƾʲôѰܵ˴ֻ۰ͰͿţ
ڤӵ£ôƺЩƽɣ
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ڤӹһЦλĪѡµģлûԵĻᣡ
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üһӣƾһ仰޷κγ⣬οֻѣѺԻԵ컯Ϊջҵ£
жʱһݣָĹؼ
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ɫ˵˵䲻ĻͲһ֣ϵ컯
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ڤӼˣɺѪ΢΢һУĬƬ̣Ȼһֻ̾ƾԴǣѺѴλˡ
ৣ
ӰڿնѪɫƮ裬һɿֲޱߵҲ֮
˺һϣɫ΢䡣
ĶɫҲ

ڤһӣһֶ︡ʣɢƤž񶦡ҩҲƷ
һӣﱦۣȫĿ⣡
⣬ҵĳ⣡
ڤͳŶصĴԣѡµĵѣԿԻһ
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ȻλĴ治죬ƾʵᣬڱ㶯֡
ڤѪ磬ɨȫ
ʱһЩǿߣͷһ䣬סֵĳ嶯
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ڤ΢Ц¼ҹһ£һ־ͬϵ£һ£λնִ˵أʵȻͬеٮٮߣȻʸΪá
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·׷Чһѵޱȵҫ
ɶڳǿ߶ԣ⻰ȴԵú̶ܴ
֮УĸǾ۳ĴڣŴ̥һĽɫÿԼĽ
£˭£
ԭͼ
㳤üһĨ
ԶѰҲЦѣȻͼı
ȻҲ˶ڤĶܻûԵܼڤӵӪջһĴ
ȻǰǣڤӱӵϿɵʵ
λǿ֪׷ζʲô
ڤԣһֳİ⣬֮ǰұ˯ϾžյԵ͵̣ԶǶܹ˽⡣
£ֻǣ˴γ׷ҵ£Ժ󣬽о۳ʥĻᣡ
˻һȫԾ
۳ѾĿ漣ڣڤӾһ׳һ۳ʥĻᣬ˭ܲݣ
ȻʥǶңǶڳλԣ֮硣
ڤ˫ָոˣڣ׷֮ˣԿԻ컯ԿԻҵָ㣬Կһ𣬹ı
ȫ궯ɫ졣
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УѰ˵˵ȥ޷֮£Ϊõֶΰˡ
ҵҪ뿪أ
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뿪Ȼǲԡ
ڤĿ⿴㣬ɫѾЩ䵭ǿѵ飬ҴӲмΪ֮λ֮ǰѾڤл˲ٻԵɣڤҵأˣǷЩ˵ȥ

ƾһ仰ڤͳأ湻ģô˵֮Ҳģ
һһѰҲۿȻôĽ٣ǲ˶ıġ
ֻǣһ仰Ѱһ
֣Ҳˣ뿪ͱȹλܴڤӵһأǲǸһͬͬ
Ŀ⿴ѰһĳϿҡ
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ˣҾø߸·á
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ͬͬԺȥĽ٣Ǻ²֣
ڴʱڤɫô鷳˭ܵסУұ֤뿪
Ծ
У
ڤӾжĵ̺Ը˵Ȼ
֣Ҹо㻹̣

һ˿̰ڳһģѰһ㻹ǲһԼɡ
㲻ΪȻЦֻһλڤӵµˡ
˵գӰһչƮȻ֮ϣиһķţת
˲䣬绯һˣɢϢǾþɱĥƣĲ
ɣҿһ㾿жͣ˴Բѡ
㿪ڣ
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㵲סԷУʣ͵ڴڤӵĿ֮ԣʱڤӱ˵ˣֻ»һʱܵΧ컯
޷ס֤ڤӵʵһ˶濼ǷҪͶ
ӵ̫һͫѵõѳΪߣʵڲԸΪ㣬ڸı⣬Ը
ڤһ̾
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ͬһ˲̽һֻ޳ƣݺݰڤ֣֣֮Ҫո꣡
򵥺һȴڳһͷƤ顣
һǿ
Ϊ֣ĸܸǿңɫ֮бһķţս֯ϵĵ

һڰĹâӶ
̫һ⣡
ֻǣѰ˿ȴϾע⿰ƾ׵һԾ
ΪȻֻ֣ڹĴ֪ʱ˲ԶͷԵص顭


1237 

Ѱһޱȣÿһμһһûʲô顣
꣡
ԶצӣһúڹԼͷϡ
ʱ䣬Ӱʧ
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ѰһУԺһ߻ڤӺղŶԾһĻĻһڴûȤ
٣ƻ󣬵СѣڤϿвٱ游ΪÿһɶѵõĹ屦һ㶼ģ
Уսٶȱɫز٣ʼȫ
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˯֮أع޷ƿأȴܹãڣһںڹգһУ
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ʱ䣬ڤֻŴıǨУһɺƵĴģƾϰã֮С
кݺһ鴤͵طһŭӰȻһѪӣ¡һǵɢûƬء
ڤ֮ŭ
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Ѱһָ֮ڤ֮ŭƣ񶼱壬ֽűƾֲ
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ֲĲײѣǷŰѪӱһؽػ
գڤֳӰѪӰģԵ
޵۾Ѫ
Ϊһܽعױ
ۼѰɱڤӷһ˻һӣһѪɫͭڿնתĹ꣬뵡


1238 ŷ
ڤ
һڤӶʱ¶ɱԵޱԸš
ͬʱѰٿȻֹ
ܵһɱâڱ
˺Ѿ²ˣ˭ǵãѼį̫ˡϧ˴γɱ֮ˣȴһֻСӡ
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Ҳ㵣뵽һڤɱﵵûֱӱһֻٳˣ
ѰҲеĺڹʲôһ޷ֵ

ڤӳױŭ񣬳ȥնɱ
ʱڣֹһлӡ컯
һʧ̸
ߣ
ųһĨ㣬Զȥ
ಣ
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˭ҲӲˣ
羪װŭУڤӰ買⣬ٿȻ֮䣬ǧϰٵѪɫӰ
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ǵصѪɫ磬նȥٶޱȡ
˼ˣɲЩ֪룬ڤ׷ɱѰֻȥ
ֱӦʱûѰǵӰ

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Ѱת󤲽ٶҲȴܲ׷ϴЩ
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ԶڤЪ˹Ĵڴ
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ֹһͺٺЦ˵һ˲õı֮ˣԺǿչŵүҴԺߣ
ѰͷһۣͼڤǳɰǧӰ׷죬һݵļơ
һʱѾ׷ϡ
Ϊٶȼ֮죬˲ư㣬ӶݵϣѰ硣

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ֻǣһͼһɫƾո֣ÿһŽųµķܷġ
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ŷɫĮĿʹ뿪ֿ˿ǻǵѪɫڤӣҲƮȻȥ
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Ѱһļ£ԺиֳʬɽѪ׹ǶѻĻ桭ֳŷǵĮƽӡǳƵļС


1239 ڤ֮
ѰҲûԤϵһӶݣûбڤ׷ϣȴ˹ŷС
뵽⣬Ѱӿһ˵ĺ⣡
ӵزʮӣٵŷӣ޲ԼΪˣþһֶԺ͹Լֱ̫
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£Ĵޱȣ״һֻҰ׵Ĵ߬סѲá
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ڣԼһֻţУ
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Ѱиһ󵨵ͷ׽٣Ƿһ·
ף־ܻԣɱ֮аеӵǬ֮ܣ
ڤ֮£۰׹ʬԴϹŵĲԹڴˣԵùͲꡣ
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ʱһԪȥһԴΪһ
ڰУƵ͵ҡҷѰУ벻ʱš

ħˣ
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ħ񣬾һ棬Ϸ̫漣Գİܼ
ɾһλľȴڤ֮£β̾ꣿ



1240 ħӰ
̽ѰڤѪصжѾڷеϢҲ֮ɢ
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νһս̤ħʬܾĿ
ˣһЩϢǵ񣬵϶ԣӰҪѷɫ١

ħˣ߸硢ʮܣ⣡ǿĿˣ
ɽǰھֿ̫Ц룬һ˵Ŀ⡣
󣬽һǿɫнԴż˸֮⡣
һħɱǲ֪ǿߣѣҲдñ֮С

ã
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˶ڴѰȴǲŵġ
ѩӰ㣬续
һԵĪ̾˿ʦãǶѾѪӽˣȴһֱȵ֣ãܻţ
ᣡ
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ͳǿѹĵ
ջĿ⣬ȻתԶȥ
ȥ
ʡ
죬סҪȥŷӱ𣡡
أĪɫ䣬ͼһ׷ȥ
ֻǣ׷ȥʱﻹϸӰӣ

羳һƬҰش
ৣ
һĨ̻ѤõĽȻէ֣ǧǶ¡
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󣬵лָžѶ߰˾Ѫܵʬ
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ΨһڳеĻ棬תȥ
ħˣ
зأϢס˫鲻Խ߬
ֱ
꣬ΪֵܣգΪ㸴𣡡
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ԹʿңұԹʿ֮

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ȻѰţҲԽɱˡ

УΨ壬һףǣ˫޵УϽ֮С
Ѱ
һɽأ滺ڣ츳ݣͨ콣Уһ·ɱҡֱϣϣиɻһڣͬ
ͬһʱǿ߶ǲҵġ
ԭΪһԵĽɫԴѰڹŻҿֿܣ
⣬һߵۡ
һЩ˽Զݲѡ
棬һ֮ȼģΨ㡢ҶĦڭնˡ
ڣȴסѰ˸ߵۣ˭ܲԾ
׳磬ǿ֪ǿͽܡ
ɶѰȴĶࡣ
ǣ潫ѰԺԵǿʱõЩ˶Щ㵺Ͳ
ǲѰ񣬹˷Уɱһ֤·񻹲йһܣ⣬һ漣
Щӡ
ǰҲעѰɵʼ˽⣬˽ԽԽ࣬Ծ
ΪѰ·Կơף޿ɵС֣
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һ̾еǣҲο
֮·ңԶܵһ֪ͬոε֮ң

ѰѶӰ֮ԶԶԤ
˶ΪϾžУڴЩϢʱط֣ԭڲ֪УѰӰѾǣÿ˵񾭣
⣬γһƣ
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飬Բ飬ʱƣѰϢʼƽ
Ͼžÿһʱ䶼к䶯Ĵ·
оһʱ֮ɧ
컯֮سʮǿǰ̽Ѱ
أѰԽԽˣἰҲֻǷһϧֻ̾Ц
𾳺һսƵƵѪȳͻʱݡ
һ죬һȺǿ˷ɽ
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Ϊ׵ҹ巣Ŀᡣ
һ£һȺǿ߷ӵ
ûãɽŭĲҽСԹ˻𡭡
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ɺѪˮҵɱݣ
ҹһϮۣڷ˿⻬ӨͦӰһƿԴƲ񷡣
ԶɽϵĻͲҾӳͫУȴûһ˿Եǰ㵭Įͱ䡣
ãھ̫յײײӷɽ˳
ۣ
ֻǣӶݣͱһɫǻҲڴʱԶҹ巡
ȻʶޱɽϵĽħҹ巣
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Ϊʲô
Թ
ѰǰкܶˣˣЩ˻ңҿ˳ۣԾһһȴǰδ˵Ľᡣ
ҹԣĮڡ


1241 һΪ
ɽĿ꣬
Žھ̫ձɱһ֮ǿߣ֮ܣ
ߣȥŵĵ̡
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ӣ˴ɱһǿߣޱɽͽһ´ȥš
һǿ߳ɣ̲סֻǲ˵ͱϡ
Ѱ֪ҳ£ȻҲΪô
˵գҹ巵ȥ
գԸϡ

Ұɽ֮̾ء
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һŵ
ҹһüϣֵȥĵ̣
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ֱˣ
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׷ҹһǿ߲Цѿҹ巳йһעǲưոݵġ
ΡȻɽ̾ĵ̡
䣡
ҹ巵ִʱǡÿһǧɳٵն䣬һɽ壡
ͬʱһӰգսأڼ
һϮۣ෢Ĵգâ¶âɣưԾ
Ц죡
ԭһ
ҹƤ̲ס˭Ҫæ
ԶЦ׿
絶üӢˣ貣絶ˡ
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ಣ
֪Ϣҹ巺Ц˲öţչжɽȥ

һ죬һš塢ȴ̾ɽأԱƣ㣡
죬жȻ󲨡
䵱֪ġ˫Цͽħҹĵصһ֣һѪȷ磬ǿΪ֮
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ʱѰϢʱѾȥʱ䡣
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ƵĵƻҡҷӰ߲
ѰӰݼ붨ɮ
ʶУԪڴ
һߣȥͷһ񻨳ɫƮΪһٵ⣬Լе翡
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һߣδͷ񻨳֮ɫƻãӰ㲻ʵ
Ԫ࣬ԱׯϣʶȻһֹͨȥδ֮С
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иԪ񣬻һλӦ񻨾۶֮ġȥδ֮ԡ
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ˡ
ѰһԪԲӦأٿΪ塣
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ѰԶпνϤ֮Ĵ֮ĶУԱ仯ҲȻӲѰķۡ
ܣѾܾˣ
ͬǿ߶ԣԾʱ˴ս֮壬Ϳ֣֮
Ѱüǣ٣ɶȴ޽ļǲȱġ
Ȼöлָ״ֻ̬»кңԶ·Ҫߡ
Ѱ϶еȻ֮
ͿԿʼΪƾ׼ˡ
һѰԺмͶдԼ±Ŀ
ֻͬǣԪ࣬ͬʱĥС

𾳣ս
콾֮һֱݣÿһʱ䣬λǰһٵǿξͻ仯
֪콾ϵ֮ɲֻ𾳣ϾžطǿߣͬҲڲС
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ǰϾž֮ǰжѰ˵һ仰۳ʱ㲻ұȥ㡣
һּᶨޱȵɱ޶գ޷Ѱ֮߳
˭룬Ѱʱɱˣȴһǰȥ
ĬƬ̣״ǲһĨڽĻȣ⣬һЦԷǵⰡ


1242 ĵ
Ѱˡ
ЩźЩһβ˼ᶨɱɻȸжȴȥ
Ҳп컯Ūˡ
߰ɡ
ҡҡͷ˫ָƮȻȥ
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ָоǼȸˣȴָ˵òס
ϾžУѰ̸ԽԽˣֱʽ
ϾһˣȻǰپɾޣҲһyһѿݹǣɢУ

ڤӽ⣬һƬïʢɭ֡
ڴѰϢһɭУһ®®޽Żԡҩľި
ÿ죬һŮһϮ°׷ڻҩżµľϣĦеһ𱦶
Ů֮£羲ֻǱ֮ݡ
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ΪһѰڴˣ
⡣
ҲԸȥ⣡
ϾžԵغڴˣ͵˷ԼлԵķԼĵ;
ʦã߰ɣ㻹дõǰ̣αΪһ˶ԼĴ껪
ÿһΣնﶼἫȰÿһν޹
ʧȥģҲغ̽ˡ
ЩԾѻȻ⡣
ţȥ

ʱţ׾Թ϶
ڤ֮׵ĵڶ꣬ҲǾ֮ٹŻĵꡣ
ѰӴ
Ƶ޾̵ҡҷУܻ¯УðĹϼ糱ˮת
ԼɼһиУضʥࡣ
ϣԭСɽѰѱù⣬յġ
ƾ֪Ѱ֪еٶһҡ
һδ󣬵ѰеԽԽѣУԽߴԽʵǡ
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Ѱ̽һУ㽫ջء
ڤӵײչǰбø͸áʥ࣬ȴһּľâ
ȥһӨ׵⣬ëϢǺȫͬˡ
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ѰʶӽԺĺܳһʱڣöɱ䣬ѰѾ޷쵽
ۣ
ѰնУ˿ڣѪȪʶ
һգۼ䣬˿ھͻָһ˿˵İ̺ۣ
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Ѱһһ𣬶ʱɢһɲãϡ
㱼䣬ϥǵѲһˣһ̾᰺׵Ĳ

űռأͷ̬һӣɻΪⲿУҲ֮ȫµɱ䡣
˿̵Ѱ޵߿ֻ¶ΪһλһĴѪᣡ
ΪҲԲز񣬾Ͳһƾ׵ˡ
Ѱɱ䣬ĬĬ˼⡣
ڤ֮ѾڶˣϣϣԵ
ܶõ
ֱ仯ɺܾˣѰԣȴ˳µ顣
ԪһͬʱΪʡ౦ʱ䡣
ͬʱţ֮ĵġ֮ڴϣҲͻͽ
ΪҲҩҩṩ֧ţ֮ڶ츣еЧй֮޲
Ψһ鷳ǣڴˣѰȫ޷˽⵽Ϣ
˶Ϊȥɡ
뵽⣬Ѱһ̾
ΨһֵܽģǾƾ

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ϾžļɱͿȹ̣ĻԵ֮أѱԸǿ߹˹
һЩĻԵ֮أҲһֱڹע
Ͼžľƣһ԰ݷڡ
ЩڼҾɱлûԵͱǿߣɶ˵ġ
Щǿ߽½ѡչأõĻԵԴΪһжΪǿ
ΨΪսǿ󣬲ԺľҲھЦȺۣ
ʦã֪ϾžУ̤㳤֮
һ죬նˣžĬڲ®µԾѣвһ̾Ϣ
ǿЦϧǣ̤㳤پǼһǾ۳Ϊǡ
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ƾɲ٣
СǰӭɱĽѣһٽΪһֻ
˵СͲòᣬڷɽ֮¥УСҲݣһ˵ʮŵΡ
ҲˣܹѰһ𣬽Ͼžڡ
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ıһˣ
ãѰһһĨᶨϡ


1243 ·ϵ
Ѱ֮۵;ǰδС
ƾΪʱҲԼ֤٣
ʶĽҲһ
ڤӵײȴ꣬ѰΪȴٽ٣ǵȴԼ֤һ
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УԼĵĲ
Ϊд˵ڣԼǣһа취Ѱٵһ׵֮ơ
ȴˣ޾̵վֻһ֮
֤Σϣ֮ϣ̸֮֮ϣ
̸ֺ֤
⣬ԭԼĵ;Υ
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ѰȻ̧ͷƵӰĺڰˮֲڡ
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䣬Ѱָңġ꾭׽֮ʹԱøǿˣ
䣡
Уֽ׷ɫɫɫ֯ضȾɹ쵵ɫҫƥ
꣡
һ״Լ䣬ɱǬʮź
ɣױøǿˣ
ֻǣѰѲ壬һӨӨӲӣתһڷڵĻɽͷš
¡¡
ܿ죬ٴգըѣƲľڱ
ףͱ̬
ȻǱֻҲϾȿֲĽ
һУѰ֮;ŲͬͬڲֻͬԼĵ;
ٵĽҲעȫͬ
һΣѰ޸һ룬ӭ˵νɱ
ƾƴУҲ㱻Ĩɱ˶׹ڤ֮У塢ꡢľٱ
ʹѾһľ
ڴ˿̶ѿȴ
ѰУΨһɲ־֧ţ
ʱУ׵һαһοֲѰĥѺʹҲһαһء
ʼգ
վǱĨġ꣬ҲҪսף
飡
Ҳ֪˶ãһμѵش׽лʱѰѳױԪ೹װѡ
ֻʣһƲ־ǿغبؼ䣡


1244 
֮
һ־ںꡢľ֮һͷͿĨ
Ĵֲȴһ˿ҡ
ֻǣǽȴһ̿ʼٲ٣֮ͳš
ΨâƮɫɫɫ쵡
ˣ
Ѱһ־Ȼ
ȷˣǺѹѹĽƣҲʼɢһʮԾ˵ٶȼˡ
ѤâܵǣѰһ־֡
ʱ䣬ƥĺӿ֣һƬ貵ĹΣѰһ־ԡУԾ˵ٶɱš
ˣѰŸţԼɹһǰĴ٣
â꣬ʥࡣ
Լ䣬Ѱļ忪ʼ
꣬Ҳ֮ʼܡ
һӺ
âɢֳһ޳εӰÿһ缡壬覴õ֬ɡ
ëУ뵵⣬תһƵԣһʥϢ
һͷŨܵĺɫӨʣڷƮҷ
ٿݣԨǷ忡дһ˿ݵζ
ڣ֮ڣĹ켣ѭڣĺ
ʶУԪׯϣͷһ񻨣ƮȻͬʹꡣ
ͬǣԪ󷽣һֵĴԨ翣ȴļµϢ
࣡
ɹ٣۳һ࣡
֮
УѰȻ̧ĿһԷƥĵâ˺ѳա
ѰϣɢһĪƥƣǻɢĽƣһ˲ͱ촷ۣ
˷գڴ˿̰ڳ
꣬һس٣Ծţ׻
ѰͷҲһ󼤵̲סһХ
쳹
ԶԶȥеˣһųľɣضΪ֮
ŷӡסǴֶΪĳ˰ɡ
ãѰϢ»ָһֳװʡ
ףɨԶ
ˣϾžУֱһ󣿡
ৣ
ѰһӰƾʧ
ھ֮ٹŻĵ꣬Ѱڤ֮䣡

ɭ
һȺǿߵӰûΪ׵һüĿ꣬ͥڴӢ
ͣ
أ˻֣ǷһĨ⣬жǰЩҪ
Ȼ
˴ҪԸĿ꣬鱦ʥشԾѣŮѰϵǳһֱѰѶʶ®ڴˣȺ֮á
̲סЦŮ湻ҵģΪһػѣһң
˶Цѡ
Ӣƿڣǵ񣬾ǽŮܣ׸ڤӵ¡Ҳ֪ѰȴڤӴ˵ͷ֮ޣŮ£Ҳڤӵйһ»
ֻǣ˵Ů鱦ʥصһλأôֻ»鱦ʥء
˳ɿڡ
Ӣм鱦ʥУҲֻһն˼ɵ˲Ϊǡ
˿
ͺðˣ֣ǻǸϽжɣҶѾȲˣŮ˿ħĺ֪֮ܡ
һ¶һĨܡаЦݡ
ħ񣬺εȷ⣿
ѾˣŪһŮˣζ
һ붼˼
˼ˣֺЦ
Ӣüȳע㣡ŮҪ׸ڤӵµģ˭֣ɱҲ
ŮڤӵУֻ»ᱻҪ֪Ѱƻڤӵµļƻߣڤӵܲޣ
ϧѰǰˡ
ꡣ
ٷϻ߰ɡ
Ӣ
ѰǺʮ㡣
ԵʱԭѰһԸ̫һŵǿߡ
˭룬ѰֱӾܾ
Ϊ˻ͬ黹òͷޱȵرѰҩ
жУӢ֮ԽĿԾϣͬҲһֱ˼
ѰŮܿ԰ɣ
Ӣ̬
뵽⣬ӢȻοǻţҲעҪڤӵУ
УԹ
һǰУûãһ®ӳҰС
ǲ®ɾ࣬®ǰһƬҩԺͻ
һŮӰڲ®£
Ծѣ
Ӣһڡ
ŮӲֻ̧ףһ˹ȥУǿնݼ֮ɫ
ӢĪһͷ·ԵĲһ续Ůӣһûǣ
ʲô㣬ԹԵظߣձڣ
һȳ⡣

¶а֮ɫĿԾ޼ɵش
һ뵽ǶѰŮˣͻȻһ˵ĿܺͱŰ
һУŮţջĿ⣬ףұǻˣ
ɬͳͷ·Ѿܳʱû˵
ˣ
ӢһɫһװŪ㣬һʬ壬ҲҪһˣ
˵û뵽Ӣ˵˺Ļ
ǻҪˣҪʬ
ԾѲȺ꣬ҹҹڴ˿ģѳڻҰС
ɵһֱäĿؼѰš
Ѿνˡ
һֱ˼һ⡣
ΪΣԼ֪ѰѶʱ᲻һеѡȥѰٺ͵Ⱥ򣬲ԸѾʹȥ
ʵڴ˶غһ̣Ѵڡ
ֻǡ
ȴվ׵һЩ
ڡ
Ϊκ֮ǰضԴ𰸡
®ףһµٻӰͬһַİʼգûйšη塢µ
ͷ·ԣ˰ˣη
ֻǣȴӢҪģ
뷨ԾӦɪɪذ߷ŭǿصֿ뿴ġ
ҲӵиĿС
ڣȴȫûУ
Ӣһ˵պ޺ʧ䣬һԵķŭ
֣ȵȥ
ǿѵȴͣԣԥͳ˲®
䣡
Χڲ®ܵʣȻ飬ʢʻĻԺҩҲ̣Ŀꡣ
®ҡΣվظ
ԭ˵֮أڣһжˡ
Ծѣʼղҡһ˿
Уһϱӡžεͼ
ǾѰΪƣҲΪƴ˱¹ѧԺ
ʱŮװɷǳ
ʱֻһոձƸ¹ѧԺʦһΪǳСʿ
ʱţ֪
ʱݼţη
ͣ
һϮ꣬Уһֿȡа̰Ĺ
ߡ
ԾɻȻǣһĵܡ



1245 п
˽ߣѵõǣѷֿԴС
꿺ܵԸӣһ룬ħŮˣϾͽΪԼˣ
ǣ
ɾڴʱһ͸ųǵĺ䣬ƿ԰˵궼ᡣ
ͬʱһȻƥɱɽХ㣬¡¡ϯƬء
Ȼҡ
ʯľԺȻ촷ۡ
ݷڷԲǧ֮ص飬ǿأɪɪ
ţ
һܵһǰδев
ƣֻҪٶһ˿ͻ֣֮
ɾһ֮أץסһˡ
ǿҵĲʣ̼۾ĺˣһҧж
飡
ֻǣֱ۸һ̽ͺȻը飬Ѫֱ
ޱȵľʹҰ˻УӰرˡ
飡
屩˵һ˲ܵɽѹֱըѪ
ǣЩŽѪˮȴһٻӰһΡ
ã
⡭
ҲڴʱӢ˲ŷӦһɫ䣬𵴣ԥѡ˱ܡ
һУ̫ˡ
ǶӪȣѾС
Ϊĺǣʼգ˵ټ
¡¡
ƬػռңƥɱŭΣｵ١
㱼䣬У
Ҳڴʱǿ˵ˡ
һͦ㡢εӰˣĿ⿴򰲾ǣһܵŮӡ
ֻһӰȴӢǴϢѹ·վĲһˣһλħ
ȻѰ
һ뿪ڤӽأԭȥȴϣһȴһս
ִ˵ʱһ۾ϳԾѣ
ܵΧһ˲Ѱо񱻵и㣬һ˵ķŭ
ڤӽΧĻῴԼʧУԾһֱڴ˵Ⱥ
ϣĸж糱ӿϳ
һˣ®ڴˣڵȺԼ
갡
Ѱһ׳գҲǺε֮
ˣӢ˶ԾѶʱѰܵǰδеķŭ
ãʱˡ
˼ʱֹһеĿܣ
һЩѰֺ
ɴʱǰԾʱѰȴסˡ
ѣ
ڣǰȴȻǣӰһ̬˿
ܵ
һ˲䣬ѰͫȻݺݳ鴤һõԤС
Ů˿īƽ޲һֱ˫ŵıϣɫ˵İꡣ
Ѱȴ۾Բţһ˵ڷ̼ͣ˫ֶʶز

ôˣ
֣ħ񣡡
أһ
ԶӢϳݣò㲻Լ۾һѾ𣡣
Ϊʲô֣ܳ
ⲻģǰڤӴۿ׹ڤӵģлŵĿܣ
Ӣɫ粻ȳ˵㾿˭ΪҪðѰǸˣ
Ǻ˾ѡ
ڴʱѰתĿ⿴˹ȥ
Ӣ˻һ
һɲۿѰģǰϤм١
˻һ£ëȻ
һѱȷȥļһȴ֮󣬻ǰһʱЩ£޷ܡ
⣬ôܰ
λĪţԲѰ
Ӣһҧ˵
ΪʲôҪô
Ѱͳɳƣÿ¡
Ŀɨеǿߣ޲⣬׹ߡ
ħ˭ֲƣ
ЦΪðħ񣬾Żסˣλһ֣ɱⰭ۵Ļˣ
Ӣȡ
ԣһһǼٵģ
ɱ
ǿߵһ׳Ǽɵħ񣬿ɲǼɵһðƻ
䣡
ǳһʩչԼľѧ
ǡ
ǰУѰ
飡飡飡
Щǿ߸һ嵽;ͣǣ类㣬һըѪʬӣк£նȾ졣
ѰƻȻǰԨû˵ꡣ
УֻʣӢһˡ
ֻǣ˿̵ѾɵۣŴͣƵڶţɫһһס
ЩͬУм̤ҲɹٵĴڣͬУԿǾ
ڣȴˣ
ʼգ˸ûжֻ֣ѣͬȫ
ѪȵĻ棬̼ӢԴհס
⡭ôܣ
ʵ벻ϾžУ˭ܹ쵽һ

ѰӰԽԽӢ͵شӴоѣյŰ㣬̵ֻˡ
ֻǣɫɷޱȣѰĿ翴һλӵ߳
ԭҿʹЩұ֤жɹ
ͳɳƵһ˿飬ȴӢ˫ϥǶڱıԵ
˵
ӢûһʱԼ֮Ǳֺ;
˲ȥֿͷ
ѰֹĮȻ
ӢԥͽǰԾѣ׸ڤӵг
ѰȻ̹ǰĺ⣬ѾȷѰҲУҪ׽𡭡
ԽԽͳ
㡭ѰȻţ
ӢɵùԲͫ׶Ѫ˿㱬һأԲŵģ
ٴϢ¶һƿЦı飬˻ȻţϹֻۣˣ
ʧأԹضѰΣǻţҲᱻڤɱйŷҲͬĹ㣡
Ѱޱ顣
㿴㣬꣬ԼŮ˶ˣ䱯ϧͻȻ֣Ů类£ܾĥ
ӢɫȻ
ȷʧˣ㡣
꣡
һ̣ӢĲͱŤϣɫԵ÷
Ѱתûٿһۡ
Զش꣬ǽҵҩԺͻﶼѿήһ®Ҳ̮ܡ
˵һľһֱڴĬĬȺţıע⡣

϶ҲǰһΪԼǲᱻܵģȻ
ٴνĿ⿴ȥǰǣʼնйһ˿ٻӰ
ӾʱĿдŵľ׺顣
ݵľա
Ѱֻǻ类ݶסѡ
ѣ
ǰ˵ӰڻУһ˵
ڽ֮ǰǰ鱦ʥأԾѺһжȴһ
ڴţھ֮طꡣ
˭룬ĵһμ棬ȴһ㾰
㲻µģԲᡭѰӦ˭Ҳ뿪ң
Ѱ˫۱Ծ壬ΣŽӿѹס󣬽еϣиӦͲ̽


1246 ֮
ԾʶУһɫƣһȫӡ
ɫɬʱӳֳܵĵơ
ƾѰθ֪޷ɫİأ
ֻ֪һǿƽ⣬ܻԾ޷ѹ
ˣǡӡų޽⣬ʥ˶ⲻΨʩߵֻ֮󣬷Ծ
أСڣʶɫİء
Ѱһɫޱȸӣ޽Ҫȵʲôʱ
ˣĸ𣿡
Сʵ
ѰĬûлش
⣬ԾʱԼҲһȷĴ𸴡
ŻеˣѰԭꡢҲһƽ
ԺУ鲻ԽһĻĻ

ƬɭֱԵ֮أնˡ
һϮ£տʣ·ˣǷ
ն󣬻һ鱦ʥشˣŮϢǿƲס
УλƼ侪˵ľߣ
ֻǣ˿նüȴһ˿ԥ
ʱͺԾһ鱦ʥУĻĽһֱ׷ߡ
ۼԼϲŮˣȴʱķڵȺһϣնβŭޣ
еյǣԾ֪⣬ȴһֱ䲻ζ˭ֶ
նݡλΪ飬ԿƵμ⣬ŵ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ӻ־в֪ٵļŮͶͱ
ƫƫԾȴں
ˣԸﾰʦãһҲһҪߣѰǼһѾˣػ
͵أնһϣԥԾӵĵطȥ
ţ
ûãնȻâ
ǧ֮أһδɢɱһɫ΢䡣
ѵ˶Ծʦò
նӿһĨɱ˼ӿ˽Ų
ܿ죬Ծ֮أֻǡѾȫһӡ
ش꣬®Ͻ͸ѪˮУأѪ
֮ǰȻмҵս
նһ۾ͿѰһɲͫȻ඼͵һͣ٣㲻š
һˣᡭֻˣ
ն֮򶨣˿Ҳ̲סʧг
ɵѰŵٻӰʱնֱӾ޷Լˡ
ʦã
ŭն۾ˡ
Щ鱦ʥشҲסŵؿǰһĻħ񾹻ţ
ǰѰѶ쫷㣬ϾžŰһȻ󲨡
Щ鱦ʥشˣһʼҲţΪ֮𺳡
ϾǵѣɶܷϣѰһŴŴɫʵ׺
ȥ˭ܲע
ȷѰѶЩ鱦ʥش˽һֻ֮Уۡ
ԭܼ򵥣ڹŻʱħ鱦ʥأɱǲͬţ
ۼѣܲˣ
ƾǴԴҲû뵽󣬱ǶѿҪȴһˣǰ
⣬ֱͻûʲô
Ѱӳ˼ȻҲϳնˣȻƳ顢Ƿȼˡ
겻Ѱŷ֣նﶼ̤㳤֮ȻǷˣҲھС
˵ЩɶѰĳˣɴʱѰû˼ǡ
ΣվǺԾһɣͬʦֵܡ
ԾߣҲ֪ʱѰҲǰȥЩͬš
¾ʦã
նɫ䣬ɱŷ
Ҳɫơ
ǶնǶôϲԾѣڣԾȴǵĳѰС
̣
Ѱü䣬ھѵϣҲΪǣڣ뿪
նɫһޱȣŭЦһûˣ㾹ҵȣ湻İ
У¶ŨŨɱ
Ѱ㻹ŵȷ⣬Ϊ⻹ǰ
Ȼ俪ڡ
ʦ㣬ҵȿԸһĻᣡ
ǷҲ½ڡ
ʱ䣬Ըı̫飬նȻˣһʱУʵԷ츲صı仯
Ѱʱ޾壡
Ҫ󡣡
ѰһģڣΪԾԷԵʣľһֱһʧ״̬
£֮ûֱӶ֣޷ǿѹưˡ
Ѱ
أնһȣӰƾո
䡫
͵غ¡ը죬޾ʢĵŷضʧɫ
ֻһมֶſص󣬴Ź
նϣֳһӰӳĵһ£ֲޱߡ
Уնĸһֻ˾ԣ
ʱգңңָѰеͷ¾ʦãһսһףǶôһ
Դ羪ףǬ
ʱնеƥ֮š
Ѱַʦ㣬ȥʦһս
Ȼ俪ڡ
ȻǲɵѰȴɵѰԾвǣ
ѰҲк壬һԺ˲ñޱȣԾһ࣬󻺻
һĶѣȴһƥȻѰɢһħڴ˿̾ѣ
УնȻ
⾰ѰΣķݶϣҿԲɱǣ⣬ӣգѹأѰƾǴã
Ѱ俪ڡ
˻Եʮ㡣
ɶն˶ԣȴŨŨζ
Ƿ̲סˣŭ㾹ڶ۸ڶ֪
նﳹŭˡ
ͣ
͵ط
һͷӰۣɽ룬ۼײӲӣͷ­ϵƶɼ
Ѱֻһ͵ѧ˽űĵգҪ㳹׷ˣ
УеѰɱ
Ѱ̧ͫ䡣
ڣתһַӿ֣ҫۣѰ
ͬʱһɲãϡϵҲ֮Ѱϱ

һַŻҡڿն
ʱ䣬ѰԽűƿأزһһ޲̺֮ƣ
䡫
мɱֱӾͱѰһץ˺壬걬顣
ʲô
Ȼɫ䣬նս֮ǿϾžҲ֪콾УƳ;ľ۾ͷ֮һ
ڣһ֣ʧ
˲˼ǣѰ֮ҲԴһȴҪնǿһЩ
㡭
նŭȻѰõǽű䣬ȴû뵽Էѽһز
һĽɴУΨѪĺƿأ
Ѱյģ
䣡
նﷴӦѰ̤նǰװβɢضڵĿֲ
Ҫ
ն۾ѪϢҲ˲䳹ױز
ԶԶȥһͷŭԨ˶ɣ


1247 ѹȫ
ϣսױ
ԶԶȥͷ໥˺ҧɱֲɽХ˷Ӷ
쳹ʮ
ǧ֮أϵľʯȫܲ飬ĩƮ
Ʋ㣬ѱ˿˿ң֮ڶ
ɱ
նﳤ裬ħ뷨һһ޲֮
Ͼһλ̤㳤پľߣҲޣһսҲƾס
ܹ㡢ҶĦڭ˱ȼ磬һǿľͷ֮һȷ˵
ͼ⣬һŷХǬǵƣ˵ҫƥ
Ȼ俴ҡҷѣȴ˲
ԭܼ򵥣նǿףսУһʼͱħѹס
ֱڣҲͬˣ
ԶԶȥѰӰλð㣬ɢźءãͶ֮䣬һͷƼ䴩޼᲻ݡвơ
ɱ£նκιֽ㲻һ
飡
أնﱻβɨУ嶼õɳʮɣؽѣ¶ļϣҲһĿĵѪɫ˺ۡ
ܣأ
ն𵴣Ŀѡ
֮ǰ˫Ȼ˭ļƣˡ
ڣȴԵþŭ꣬һŵļơ
㲻֪黹кܶ࣬ªŻֻ֪Ц󷽡
ƽĻУѰǰȥӰһɽӣХǬ֮ϡ
ڤֶ֮꣬ɹһδе֮ѣѰսͬն
ڽű䣬ѴԾѿ˽ⲿ¹ӡ˾֮С
˷ʼѰͲκ⣬ʶףΪնԵ˼
նǰĿ⿴ǿɾʹشˣ
ɱ
նŭʩչѧ
ǰСͷ֮ϣΪԹߣѰʱһָӵ̬ȡ
ѰʱչֳǱеޣвδѰɿһսĶ֡
Ŷ̶⾰ѣղϵˣȴѾɳزЩţ޷ܣ
飡
Ƭ̺ѰʩչӡֱӽնգݺԵڵϣǱ
ôܣ
ȻʧĶס

Уնͷɢ𣬼ɱ
ֻǣǿʵĿѣɢŰޱȵϢ
飡
ûãһαײɣұ۹ѣһɳ׹䡣
Ȼɫѿޱȡ
֮ǰĽԸΪʵԷظɱ䣬ԲѰ
ǲʶʧѰսͬҲɱ䣬ǰǿ˲֪ٱ
˿̣նﶼĶ֣

նﳤ裬̣һ˵ĳ衣
һӹˣȴӵ˵սţ
䣡
ɱ
ˣ糹׷ħ
죬һ֣
ȻȣȳΪѿѰѲնԿ⣬һǡ
ɱ
Ƴ顢Ƿ˽Ժԥˡ
һʱ䣬˵ر͵֯ϼ貣˷Ѱϯȥ
ѰȻ壬ȺȲӺ˵鱦ʥش˵ɣ
һ仰նɫˮ˷̣ܲ߷ߣ
ֻǣǸʱ治֣նܱʱֵˣ
ϧǣǸûиԼѰ֮Ĳࡣ
䣡
أѰ⣬һͷӰŷ֮䡣
Ǭ䣡
ɲǼ䣬ΧѰһڹԺȻɢ
նˣѹݺڵϣڱѪƾ޷
ͷ­̧
Ȼ˻һбһɴֲȡ
ʶڸղźնĶԾУѰһֱս⣬Ե̫ˣ
ˣ
Ѱ磬Ϣһ䣬ˮ֮ȡﺳű
ɲǼ䣬ƥȭкХ̺޼᲻ݵ
ͼȭ֮أձ˺ѳһѷ죬̵˶Ĥըѡ
ȻҲǿܹ̤֤֮ǵǿ
նԣվһء
˿̣ȻһΧѰ˲䣬ͱһȭ䣬ҽ
ûãȻ˽ԱѹһڵأˣǱ֮
ڴʱѰƮȻн٣磬ɨˣ˵ˣǿھϣҲɱȣεĽѵϣܹסԺڤ粻飬ûôˡ
˵գÿնһֱۣԾǰ
ʱϢеɱҲǱһĨ͡ʹϧ֮ɫȡ
ѣҴ뿪
Ѱûж˵СĽԾѱ𣬰ֱڣ󣬴󲽶ȥ
ʼգնˡ
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󣬴˵ػָžȻһԹݶҧ顣
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һΣǿνǰܵһͿأ
ȥΪϾžһЦɣ̧ͷ
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֮ǰĶԾѰɻʤѹûþȫĵˣֱ˾
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˵ĿⶼԼͬؿն
ʱնͷңҳڱȾѪģԵޱȵҺǱ
ɳأɫȴѻָƽΨżһƺâ֤Ĳǰƽ
ˣûʲô˵ġ
Ĭãնڣھʦá
˵⣬ɫһĨʹ֮ɫ͵һȻںһ𣬵ԺҲעҪֿѰʦõжĻ죬ͷϣ
ⲢΪйĵĿƺͺ⡣
ѰԾѽΪ£עҪ޷ܵĴ
ʦ֣ڸô죿
Ƿʵ
Ѱʧ꣬طϾžȻһ籩ڤӣǹŷӣ֪ϢȻס
նͫ˸ǡֻ˵ſϷˣ
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ǰǹŷԲ֣Ѱڤ֮£֪ѰŵϢɿ޶ԣ
ͬڤӶѰĺޣҲѶˡ
һʱ䣬Ͼžһֱƽ˾ݷǿ߽ĬĬͻƽƱؽѰ³ֶƣ
նһͳҵҪѰЩˣ
ʵ˵ôֻ࣬ǲһ¡
Ǿǣ˽֮ܣѾʧȥȥѰԿͷ


1248 ڤ
εơ
ѰⲽգԣƮȻ
ʱ꣬һط𾳣ؼŨѰҲһ㱡
ֻǺܿ죬Ŀͻָž
ԾԡӡԷ꣬һĳУ֮ǣѰаȲ١
ΪҲ߹ֻԾѡ
ֻҪһţһȵ
Ѱૡ
ֱУԾѰһʯĥɵ̨ϣ޳˫ֽ滷ž
üī֬ɣ¶ӨݣȴԵӣɫ꾲ס
Ҳ֪ǷѰ۽һȻ䡢

ѣի̾һɽأ
·ϣѰһȺڲߢҩ޵ߡ
ɽȥԼĪһǧ·̡
лˡ
õȷĴ𸴣ѰͷлӰһӿնȥ
ʱ꣬ϾžѱȫͬѰǰիȥҼѯһЩ顣
ͬʱҲ̽һϸ䡣
ôоǼһһˣ
ǲҩ޵Уһɻ
˭
ħ񡣡
һжʱһƬţºţһλµĺˣ
оЦ
֣ħǰħҳʺУ
ҲˣЦѡ
Ψһأɻ૵ǣĺħ񰡡

ɽΪɽ֮һ
ϾžɽͱիռݣսɽƿիС
իĴȴЩš
ѾҵˣĪ֣͹ν²벻ҪΪѡ
ɽϣһֺУϥڰǰŶĪӡһիˣüͷ塣
ճơ
ĪӡڵˣɫԵúŭǳء
壬һλڤ񸮵ĹŴ̥츳ݣǿ
ɾһλ콾ȥʱ˳ˡڤӪУλڤʮս֮һ
ڤǰ֣ɴڤ̳ϳڤ齨
ʱ䣬ڤڤӴ£ǿλеһȻ
ʮսʮԼһڸӹµĴСˣǸơ
ڷϾžڤҲӺգκС
ԭЩի޹ء
ǰãȴڤӵ־нի˳ڤ
Ȼܵ˼ĪǺԥܾ
Ϊһͳ߳ĴˣɿܻڤӪУ
岢٣ڶǰʱŵ˲ޱȵĺôҲźۼصիһζֻܾ»ᱻڤжԺ󴦾ǡ
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£ûء
˴Σǰֱ̯ƣ²һ˶ϣ
壬ҲһλϺŵȴԸ䵱˵צӥȮʧ
䡣
͹㲻ڤӵµĵ̣Ի벻컯ͺô
ȻеĳƽңϾžУпᣬҲֻкڤӵһͬͬˣӵмϣ
˶٣ССϺע˵ģλҲϾžУʵõѱͬİ̲λãƾիʵ𣿡
һźѹ֡
飡
Īһƽǰ飬ɫ壬㵱֪˭룬ȴȻ޳ܣ㣬ϲ˵ҿûȤ
ɲǼ䣬һ
ȴɫҲһޱĪ֣ǰ㵱ѣΪһȰ˵涼Լȡģڤ粻飬ֻ´ӽɽҪˡ
ǳ˺ˡ
һӣի˽סˣɫò
Ҳ˵ǽپܾҪǷĿɳ𣿡
һʵ
˿ȴһ̾ʵɽѾڤƣλһĴ𸴣˵ءܻѪ֮֡
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ʶ˴ξб
̫
Īӱŭݶҧ顣
Ī֣ϢŭҲǲѶΪ֮İ취οҲֻǷ£ҪΪѡ
򶨣ֹݣһȲʤȯļơ
Ͳǰ
΢΢һЦҼȻܲǵһλǾ仰ǺܲϣλΪеġ
Ĭˣ𲻶
Īӵ޵۾ֱѪû뵽իҲбвȵһ졣
ֱ̫
Σڤڣ£λսͰλǿһӣ̲˵ء
ٴοڣ˲ԣλ˼ǧ嶯իھ֮е𡣡
ˡ
ֻǣڴʱһŲڴ˻ûһŵѾ𣺡ʦ֣ܲܳһ£
ѩһڤ
Ѱһǰڤӽ̽ѰԵ
üͷһ壬£
Īӵ˵ĿҲȥѩ˿̵ɫһ˵ľźͻ㱣޷顣
⡭
ѩЩɡ
˵޷
ޱۼͽĪӵˣջʤʵȴѩЩ졣
ѩ粻ɬдһֻ㱣֡Ѱˡ
һһиնľƱһŨҵľˮ䡣
ȴȻǴ㵵˵˭
ҲȻˣѰ֣Ѿٱ𣬿ڣѩ˵Ѱˣ⡭ôܣ
ѩɫҲޱȣĿⶢţòӲͷƤѰѣš

ǰİ빣͵رƷյͱһء
ȻɫѵǰѾһˣܻ֣
ѩһ£ɡģɽ£Բм١
ⲻܣ
Ȼһ˵ķ꣬û֮ǰ򶨺
ǰڤ̳ĿãѰδڤӺ˵ġ
ڴˣޱȵļɵ
ȴû뵽ʱȴȻٴ˵Ϣңţ
Ŀܣ
ʱĪҲһɲѵѰû
ˣһϢ
һ뵽⣬оһǿɶѰսǺεǿ
ܰæ˵׼ܻǰһ֣



1249 Ŀ࿴
Ȼ磬ɨ˼һۣȻȻѰţעҲȲǣˣɽѾڤΧ
ɫ΢䡣
֮ǰ˵˴ڤһλ񽫺ͰλһκĲ
ܹΪ񽫵ģ޲̤㳤پĺˡ
壬ʥ֮ڤ߳ĹŴ̥Ҳֻλڤʮ񽫵С
ڤĻѷһͬǶɹٵľߣսС
Ժŵ˵ƾΧڿɽЩի˾
ѰĻţվֻһˣĳ֣ܸıɽĴ
뵽⣬ͷһϣҲʹ˰Ķ˹ȵס
˿ѻָ侲˵ķӦ۵ףвЦڤ
ѻʯ
ߣȥǲѰǼһ
תȥ
ѩæϡ
ĪӶһۣнһ̾
ҲȥɣѰ͸ϽȰ뿪ի飬
Īӳ
ͷ
ԭ֪ѰŵϢӦһ˵飬ڣȴ͸˲

ɽǧɸߣɽƶΡ롣
ʱѰɽţ̧۴˿ɽ죬ȻңǴҪʲô

һԣչ¼ɫ粻ԥѡ
ڤӽأѰѩһһűԴĻм
ڣȴЩ޷Ѱ
⸽ŲǿߣܸܵǶҵĵǿҵĵ⡣
Ѱ䣬չ¼ޡ
ǿһ˲Ͳ׽쳣
֣һȰ㻹Ǿ뿪ɣʱͬкܶ㲻˽⡣
չ¼޵ͷѰĿ⡣
˳ڤ£Щݣ֪θѰ͡
ÿ
ѰȻһâչ¼޻һ
æ֣ǧɽѾΧʱǰѲ⡣
˵գпһ⣬̧ۿȥʱȻͿѰɫǱ
ϣҲƽϣڣÿ
Ѱƽȴһƣչ¼޻ʶÿ
ôĵӣ
ɾڴʱһըס
һӰȼյĻ棬ɢƥơ
һ꣬һϮۡ
չ¼ɫ䣬еѩ㻤ֹ֣
ѩ㣬ڤʮ֮һѩһĶɱֶκ֮ӵųپս
ʲôҲʸң
ѩ䣬չ¼ޣһָ絶ݺݳѰɱȥ
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꣡
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ҰУѰֻƾһּ̧ѩ㣬ʼգѩ㶼Ӧ
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ǿһλپľߣȴɲǼͱѰĨˣ
ף
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Ӧħɣû뵽Ļš
һӵ˷
ͼһӰӰ߳飬ʮˡ
ÿһϢԺǿ
Ϊ׵һŮǣɫ䣬Ϊ֮һնڰ
λڤ񽫼ÿһŲڳٵǿս
ˣҲС
˵Уǰһκеɵ
Ǹһ֣ͽĿѰϣɫов⡢Ҳ⡣
ʵѰյִǾϳݣֻǣû뵽ǰͱ϶ˣôš
Ȼܲ˼顣
ڣѰһĨɱѩ㣬ڸҶ϶ǰ֮ˣȻħɣ
Ҳֻĵӣҵǵ˼ɵ£
ǺǣȤһˣȴųˣѰҪҪǽˣ
Ϊ׵һŮսЦ
һϮɫȹѣ欣ѩϸ壬һһˮģˡ
һۼ̾ԲѷɫĹŴ̥ͬҲһɱ˲գ۵Ůħͷ
˶Ц

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չ¼ɫ粻ԴǵؿѰȴ㵵ط֣ʼգѰûۿЩˡ
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Ѱ䵭ˡ
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Ӱƾո֣иӣɫЦ⣬ֻĿȴԵ޼ɵѰش
ߣѩڣҺѰӡ
չ¼һĻһ˿⣬Щ޷Ѱ
Ҳû뵽իĵϣܼλ
Ѱɫ䵭
ڤӽʱıŴѰʧѰδƽʲô˸־ҲҪԷͱԼһġ
ڣΧɽжУ²ıҲȻһ
Ѱˡ
뵽벻ʵ˴ǰիһ£ȤҲһ
Цģݶ
ǰʱɲѰ˵
ͽʱǨһжͬˣ
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أһ
ȻѰͿ˼ɺǰ㣬ӻ߳ӡ
ֻǣ˿ȴ¶⡢ŭǵɫԵܼ
ͬʱĪӺһի˵ӰҲ½֡
ҴĿģüȴΪȻ
ѰĵıǰһС
Щϲ˼⣬ܽѰҲ£׸ڤӣǴһ
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Ѱ׹ٿʱĿѾ
겻ѻҹĿ࿴
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һЦˣǻģǴ֮򣬲Ϊڵ;һ󡮱仯𣿡
Ѱ˵˱ˣ̫޳ܣ̫Ҫ
ɫʱһɱת
ϻôʲô߰
ü硣
ߣ𣿡
ЦȻˣͱˣ겻ڤӴܼ㣬϶Ҳеܾϲġ
ɽţ˶ЦһȲʤȯ̬
һǰַիܹʧѰȷһľϲ
ǿɶڤӴ˶ԴǺεȡ
Ѱǣʱչ¼޺ѩҲ½ǵȰϽȥⷢ⡣
⵹Ѱף峹ױˣ룬չ¼޺ѩ˻Ǳһ֪ġ
뵽⣬ѰϣĿһɨУڤӾϲϲڣҼȻˣȷû뿪


1250 Ե֮
Ѱ£
ĪӶһн֮࣬ⶼݡ
Ѱԭɲôģȴѡ£ǰǵѣ
Цֺǣ겻ɸʤּͬѡ£ûǱһЩ£ֻ»꼰ء
ţﻰһյζ
ȻҲв
Ǻǡ
˽Ц
˵ĿⶼƵĿѰ
ҾãһƢ϶޷һЩµģ緽ţΪһԲϣѩѾͱɱ
һ׳ĺڣˣ˵Щϻã֣λѰѳĨ
УһĨȣԾԾԣ綢һͷǵ
٣ڤʮս֮һսϲľɱͬٮٮߡ
ڣѰ
üղδֹ
ͬΪʮս֮һ为˴жȴ޷غ١λս
һһѰĵϸҲá
겻ԸԲѰв
ɴڽһֱֱº֡
ϾѰеޱȵļɵ
ʲôħ񣬸Ҳһģұ֤
ɭȻɢſܱϢ

ĪɫһҪһ棿
ܿ˳ۣЩһèϷӰ㣬ѰΪ⣬ǰ̬ȥˡ
żŰʲôħʰ㡣
һЦԴǺܿ
˭֪пʱΪڤʮս֮һΪپ
ңһλŴ̥֮ǿԶͬ
Ī֣԰꣬ĳ겻ʲôèˣȻԵ֮
ѰڣȻȴ쳹ȫ
ȫʱһ
òϣܳ꣬ѰǺ޼ɵıԿһ㶼ı
ٵɫèϾžУ˭ڮٺ
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ҸıעˣһΣһĺѿ
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˵ʱӰһһ巢⣬󣬸ֳһ޴ͼڷ࣬ǬȻһ˰ѡ
˺һϷ׷˱ܿΨֱ
ǿɶսķһսֱײϣ

УغٻȭһѪȭŷܻɭ׹õȿֲ
նڴݣ
һȭưԾ֮ǿ۾ʹëȻ
ǳپľߣɹꡢġֽ֮٣ѱȫͬ
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Ѱ䣬ԭزΨ£Ϊȭбŷ
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ɵȭӳһѪȭʱһ˿ɬ˰Ʋظ㡣
գһ飬Ѫɫ
ѰȭƲ಻˼ٶȣ˹ȥ
һУ˵ʵ򼫿졣
ٷӦʱѰȭɱ
飡
һ̣ǿӲȥǳƵڳнԺݺһɫ΢䡣
һȭһλڤս
̧ۿȥŴս׶ƿӡһݵȭӡŶ㱻ƿ
ɫǺ죬ɭȻţЦãɱʹ죬̫ʧ
䣡
һӱòֳͬѪɫƣͼڷӳѪ졣
УһѪɫսìһٴγѰɱ
ϧҶԣ㻹̫ˡ
ѰȻԣգȭ⡢Ӱһζ
㿴ң
ɫ
̸ʱѰȭѱŷݺɱѪɫսìϡ
ˡ
Ѫɫսì̶İǿһʹܵòѪ
ͼɳƵĵɳȥڱǶѪȭ޼᲻ݣ˲ش
ৣ
ͬʱѰӰ壬ٵɵٶȸ죬һȭҶ¡
飡
پȫֿվѰռȻ˫ֱӱ飬ȭϡ
ˣʯݺڵϣƿһӣɽضһ¡
ǿǴûش𣿡
ѰӰƮȻڴǰŴе٣ɫ価
ϣ
ʱ֮ǰѰȭɵһѪɫսìŴӰ׹䣬бϣҡβѡ
֪һɱٶȺε֮죡


1251 Ѫȷ
ȫžѻȸ
һս̶̼գۼͽʼգȫѹֿ
𺳣ԺֶݵĿհס
ˣڳÿǿߵʵԶͻͽı仯ҲǸѰԭڡ
ֻǣȴû뵽ѰսҲѱúȫһˡ
ϣ
Ϊ֪УѰǰǱŷӲϮڤ֮¡
ܹѾĿ࣬󣬸սҲ֮ɱˡ
һ󷢽֣㡭
ۣ
˵꣬Ѱ֣ٵͷ­նϣɴ䣬ͼһɺ̵Ѫɽ
ٵԪ񣬶ûӶݣĨɱ
ʱţǼիˣڤǿߣͫţͷƾ𺳡
ٿһλսӵгپΪĹŴ̥ô˵ɱɱˣ
һʱ䣬˽ɫ䡣
ԭʧҲ̤㳤پˣֲøź޼ɡ
žķΧУɫڣлȻгԾмɵ
٣
˴ʱŷӦħֹսҲ̥ǵı仯
һʱ䣬ٿѰʱĿǱòͬ
ڤǿ߶ŭӡ
ǣظ㣬ĵĵϤһĨԵϲȡ
ڳ֮Уսڤеǿߡ
ѰУȴ߹һ
㣬ѰֻһˣֻҪڣҲӵнիͣ
һ㣬ҲȻףĶЩ޷ˡ
ֻèҪսĳ
ѰɨȫԣŨܵĺڷƮһָȺ۵ơ
֮ǰѰ˵ȻᱻͲ֪
ڣȻͬˡ
ˣѰèԴʱڤЩǿһŭͱ
ѰҪֻһ˶ѣȻսǿʲôڤ⣿
һڤǿߴȡ
ͨ
ֻǣ䣬˾ûϢ巢󵹵ز
һ˼𣬵Ԫѱɱ
ʼգѰɸûж֣һۡ
ԶڣöԸ
Сƾո֣ӢƥСϾǹ°֮⣬Ե顣
ͫһʶСĲûжɹ٣ȴڸղϢɱһλپľߣ
ħǿĲֳһϢ죬ս̬İСˣԵúܾ㤣
ʵѰʱҲЩ⣬Ƥһ
֪СҲ̤ȴû뵽ΪСϮɱپľߣ
ֶΣѰжһԾ
УڤǿߵĶóأ֮ǰźͰ衣
Ѱֵڣ׾ٵѩ㻤ݿɱս
ڣߵһλСˣ䲻ɱߵһλ
һϵеشݺϣǶ־ҲʼҡʶѾѰĵú֮ǰͬˡ
ۼիˣ˿̶¶ϲɫΣǵȻҲܿѷת
֣ҪڤΪ𣿡
һɫڣܲģ
֮ǰۼҪի˭룬Ѱĵȴ㣬״ǵж
ܸģ
ڤΪΣòΪһᱻв
Ѱ䡣
ˣոһӣߣ
ɫ࣬ǺܹϣʶƲԣѡˡ
ߣҴӦ𣿡
Ѱһ仰пһɫ䡣
ѰϣѾӣɱʶô֪ڤ³жң
˻ǿţȴҲ顣
ϾžУڤһ֮˲Ŀ˿赲
ڤıв£֪Ҫôѡ񳼷ҪôֱӾͱ̲
իǿ˰ɣɽȴҲȵѰʱ롣
ĪӺͼҲ侲Ȩ׺ʵڲѰһ²ɻѪ
ɲǳȰѰЦڣΪһЩ棬ΪᵽڣУڤѵң磬һȥڤһˣ
˵ѴһĨǰɱ
ԾΪѡԷꣿ
ǱƵģ
ǵӢƣɿܷ飿
Ӣˣͬڤµ߹
мž
ʧ֮ħһҪڤΪ׵ڤһˣ
ȥȻϾžһ籩
㡭
Щܻ˵ǱѰ¶ɱŵԵþŭӡ
ˣ
Ѱƾն𣬻⣬һεĿֲϢҲ֮ǵذɢ
һӣӿǬɫ䣡
սɡ
ȻƽУѰˣɵ磬磬١
ۣ
Ѱڤǿߣͷ­һ˲䱻һն䣬ʶֻһ졣
һſͷ­䣬Ѫա
ͬʱ˲ſһУȴð翣ëʥ顣
ɱ
۾ˣʶսܰȻ뿪

ֻǣ˿ڿɽۣ֮丽վĪӺͼˡ
һɲĪӺͼҲ
壬ǿǺ֮ǣ
ϻô࣬ڿսˣһΪңһλبδеľ֮Ե֮
УɫޱȵСƾʧ
ۣ
ͬʱھСʮ֮صһλڤǿߣϢرе
꣬ƥĽ飡
ۣ
ܿ죬һǿ⧲֮£նɱꡣ
һĿֲ
ǳʱʣѰ֮Բ
ǵĹؼĴ̿ͣѣһֱȻһɱ
ʮɱһˣǧﲻС
¡
УѰҲչӰӲӣݺǬ䣬Ͷ֮ͷŵĹ˱ܵơ
ԶԶȥͼ֮һһǿߵըٲȻһң޿ƥеĺ̬
һʱ䣬Ѫҽ죬Ҳ
Щڤǿ߲֮Ѱǿһĸ߶ȡ
£ɱǣҲ˺ûʲô

أһĽڤʮս֮һɱ
ƽ欣޳ȴһ޴ĺɫ׶͵һӣڹϯնȻ
ɱ֮׺ɲ֮
Բ˼ٶȴӱɱѰ
ˡ
ֻǣŶ羪է֣Ѱʩչնһ֮õĺɫնΪء
󣬴üĴһѪֱ߱졢촽š



1252 ˲ͬ
սУЩǵؿɽλһۡ
һڤǿߣеѰΣ
ҲһۣһĻѪޱȵĻ档
λĵľȴڴ˿̱Ϊ룬мֱϿ
һλǧĵŮԵ쳣Ѫȣ
һʧг
ɲֻһλĵˣһλֶμĹŴ̥
ȴ㱻ɱ
һ̬ˡ
ֹһ
ɽŴսңѪ
˲ֻӶݣڰ;ҪôնɱҪôСϮɱ˸е
٣ЩڤǿУһս
һӰݣָѪǿޣչ¶Ϣ֮ǿҪ֮ϡ
ѰǣսһͿʼղ꣬͹Ӷݡ
ңرٶޱȡ
ѰС˸ա
ղߣǽһӾЩڤǿܵٶȡ
Ҳնɱ󲻾ãѾǺ˵Ĳʬղ𰣬ȫ
ŨҵѪȳգǺޱȡ
һĻ棬һȾѰУԵø룬һĵĳ
ɽۣսҲѽ
һˣĪӡիΧ֧Ųסûþͱˡ
֮ǰ壬ʤȯգ̸Цκ˷С
ʱ̱ڵأȾѪͷɢأѡ
Ѱⲽի޲ɫһ࣬¶Ľ֮ɫ˿һ·
ǰѰ߳ƣΪħ̸ɫ䡣
ɸʤ
Ǻǣǧ㣬ȴû뵽Ѱţ졭Ϲ
ѵ̧ͷմȾѪգŤоǲʺͺ⡣
ǵģΪܾ֣֮ȫǰѰͣ
죬йԹߣǴ𣿡
ѰƳһۣк޿
ߣұʿеı֮·˭죿ѰҪ⣬Ų֪ڤ̤ϳĽپ컯˼֪㻹ţҲͲԶˣ
Թ
飡
ĪӴŭһŽ߳ȥǱſڵϣͷ̲ڸģֱʧ͸
Ǻǣʤܿܰˣ˴ûիԺɾͲˡ
Ц
ĪɱһȴѰס
壬㲻ʣҲܲ壬㲻ǶڤƳޱҵ뿴ûһΪڤֻζԴλʵǰ䡣
ҪʲôС
飡
Ѱһϣֶ顣
һΪǳױϣԪѿǣӵжĿܣ;
һӣ꣬˶ˣðŷһޱȵ˻
ѰҾ˹ҲŹ㣡ˣڤӣϻһŷΪж
ɳơŭԹ
飡
ѰһӣֱӷɳȥʧԶߡ
Ϊβɱ
̲ס
һˣڤӻǰǰò˶ãһֻ¾ͻƷζˡ
Ѱڵ
һ仰ڳ˲
ȷϾžУʧȥһΪҪɱ嶼ʮٱ

ɽֺۣ֮ĵС
˴Σ֣һݣ
Ī
˼ˣҲ
һ֣Ѱĵ򵥴ֱػ⣬իЩ˭ܲм
λˣ
Ѱæֱ˵Ҵ˴ǰλ̽һЩ顣
Ǻͽһйأ
ӯӯһͲˡ
ѰЦŵͷ
֪꣬Ѷԥ뿪Ʋ⣬ӦǰѰҹŷӵټˡ
˵⣬ЩǸȻҲҺĪʦִ⣬ûܼʱȥѡ
ѰֵǣϸƢ˽⣬Ҫߣ˭סֻǡǷ˵Ϣ
ҡͷ
ĪӺȻжϣӦΪԴǰʧ֮ǹŷҲ˼㣬ʧӰ١
вѰŷӣһ⣬һ񡣡
ѰһŷӾҲʧˣ
ǿֻ񣿡
Ѱʵ
˵ڤӵġڤֻ񣿡
ԡ
Ī⣬Щ꣬ҲֹΣÿһγֵĵطһЩޱȵ컯֮ء
ɿ֪ڤѾӴжڤ
ѰüҲûܱסڤ
Ľ̸УѰҲ˽⵽УϾžеһЩ顣
絶Ц졢ħҹ巳Ѫϴһ塢ɽȵͳ顣
𾳡
һһϾž̽ڹŷӵټ
ӣжҪΪѰ𡭡
֪ЩʱѰҲݣůģֲΪǵǡ
ѰǺôķգ
ˣ˵һЩϾžеĴ¡
磬ǰ콾һλã¼񣬻˺
кֱʢΪ֮һˣ
磬Ͼž˼ϴƺܹҴǿߣЩУԻ˲ٺôͻԵʵͻͽ
꣬ϾžǿߣΪ˳ܹΪѾԺС
񣬽ֻ̤㳤پľߵĿǧ֮ڣ
ڤȲεĴڣѶɹĴγ١
˽⵽ЩѰҲһп
ʱ䣬ȴ˶ı仯һһڸԵ;ϸ߸ͽ񲻿ɵ
Ǹ磬顣
Եڶࡢ컯㲼ϾžУȴżʣ
ѾǾ֮ĵ꣬ҵʱ䣬һжĻ
ԤڽʱУֻԽԽпᣡ
ܣѰ̤㳤֮ɵ˽⵽ЩϢȴκи
ˮۣˡ
Ͷ
֣Ҫȥҹŷ𣿡
Īʵ
ȥڤˣ
Ҳ档
Ѱҡͷң֪һŵϢʱȻҡ
һ˼⣬
ȷϾžж֪Ѱţò˶ãѰŵϢͻϯɢ
ʱѰгǿߣڤӡŷӣˣɿס
Ŀǰԣʱڴ˵أ֪λǷԸ
Ѱʵ
Ȼԡ
ĪˬЦ
ѰһۣһĨЦ⡣
֪Ѱֻ֮ҲǵڤٴɱիٶС
򣬾һݺӵ
ʶѰǰˣҲǲźۼģ


1253 
Ѱʱ˿ɽ
ɣ塣
񡢹ҡ١١Ϫ羰续
ɽһɽأۣ㡣
ΪѰõһܾ֮أǿɽһԴ̸֮أĪ档
֣䰻ȻһϪּƽһĨĿԶ̡
ѰּϪ֮ϣһʯƴСȾѪա
ǿУҲʯĶߣɶʦԣȴһ
ΪǣĽʯڲʵǬ
ʦУﻹһ֡
ʯ
ʱѰǱĥ˱
һκɽӣִﶫʤ߽ıʱһ۱̯λϣѰ©˴˱
ֻЩæڱһֱֱУҪ
ҲϱʱűѰ¼
˵ĵʯѰڱǾٰġʯᡱϣһʵǺʯУһöɫϼ롣
ϼУŵһֻħ׳棬ϢɲħԨļ¡
ֻ鵱ʱΪʧȥװױѰ
С˵ħ׳棬Ҫ滹ҪѣΪҪһֶصġƿվ
ƿվǵڿռеĿϣ޼֮ڹŻжѾ
ҲˣħĲϼһֱһʯ㣬Щ걻ֱгԻҡ
û취ѰҲѼĵرϣΨûƿվ
ɸҲΪ֮
СǰƲ⣬ϾžУƿվ
ѰҵͷѰСܰȥֻħĽ
־ףɽ紵ɳɳ
ߣ峺СϪʣ졣
ڴ˵أ˻Ȼס
ʱѰԺУֳһͼ϶ɵĻ棬飬̺
ǵʯصƴУ
⡭
ǱĲһ򣬽ڴˣΩԸв޺
ƣ֮ԻϹʱ˹Ħ֮磬֮׷䱾ԴƣͼΪ֮ӡ
ѰüëһЩԾ
׸¹ϰһҲ¹˵䲻ڣǧ򻯣ų֮У޷Ǵ
⡱жƵǺ¹Ĺ۵һޡ
ɴˣѰⲿ⡱ڴˡ
ƣ֮䱾Դ֮Īʹϣ׵磬С
Сľ֮Ҷ֡
ǳѭ켣ѭ
ʣ޸ߵ֣֮Ϊ֮󣬽Կ֮С
ᱲеƣΪᱲãƶ֮
ȻĪ⣬ɬԡ
أѰɫԽԽ棬ҲԽԽרעܿͳС
⣬˵һϰƵĴУ˵һƵĴģ
һʦעʧΪ˾У޾֮޷ġϰ
ɶѰԣȴ޼ۣ
裬ƿ󣬵ϣв
һƿͻơ
ĳ֣ΪṩһһͻƵĿܣ
Ѱʦϣһȫµľ硪
ʦ
ƣƣһ֮ȴȫͬĸ
ܳΪʦĴڣǿ֮ʣʼ׷ݱԴеƵĴڡ
˵֮룬ʼһıʰأ
ѰЩ꣬һλʦ
ɴˣ֪ڹŻУʦǷëǰĴڣ
Ѱʱһжϡ
⡿λˣȻһλʦ򣬶ϲӵ˸ļ⡣
飬ЩʶĶ԰쵽
ܡɾͳʥûˣ
һ̴֣Ǭ
ѰһԤУԼܽ⡿׳͸Կһͻһȫ²Ρ
ʱ򣬾ǲɱٵľҲӦò¡
ȻѰһֿǡ
ǲһֱڿɽիŵġ
ǰΪɽһеĽȴǿ԰쵽ġ

ʲô
ɽϣĪ̲סʡ

ڵ
Īһ͵ڣӵн֮ɾͣζ֮ȣұš
˸ۣôûĪʦҲѧ˰ķУ룿
ĪӹһЦΪȻ
ǰѰгɼѰΪѣһЩСѲɡ
Īʦ֣ѰڿɽԤڽȻ粨ϯǿɲܴˡ
ѵ
Īһݣͷʾס

ʱ꣬ѰŻعˣ
Ϣһ쫷磬һֿŵٶɢ𾳣ʱԭԳŵķΧ
ħ񻹻ţôܣ
˶Դ£޷š
ǰֹѰϢǵذ㣬һϾžĺ䶯
ڣȴȻϢ˵Ѱǿƻع飡
˭һʱҲˡ
ܣǼϢ
ҲɣΪһҥԡ
ΣϢ״ˣ֮Իˣ޷֡

ǰħ֮գһΪ֪۵ѣԲòǿ
Ƿϵ¼紫㡣
ȻѰ֣ѽʧҰУվ޷ȴģ
ʶϢѰŹʱ֪ĺ䶯Ǻε֮
һʱ֮䣬һʱƽľƣҲϢױơ
֪Ҳ֪жǿڻȻ
ģգڤΧɽի˳ΪѰĳ֣һٷڤͼı
һϢټϿɹοĵص¼ʱһƬȻ
ţҲԽԽϢɢ
ڤȫܣУ䣬һ˽Է
ڤϾžУһȻĴڣ֮ƣ޿赲
ڣеλ񽫽ܣ˺Ȼˡ
ħ̤㳤پ
֪Ϣ궯޷
ʧ꣬ħǵսѺͬն

ڤ֮̾أһ첻֪ٷŭ޲̳ȥѰ
ѰŻع飬û⡣
Ļع飬ɱڤǿߵһȷѪ꣬ڤƣעɼĴ
š
ǧ𣿡
һԤעҪ̫ƽˣ
ˣ˶ȷѰŵϢм٣ʼƲ⣬Ѱ˴ֻһķ籩
Կ϶ǣⳡ籩ԲСˣ


1254 ķÿ
ɽҰ䣬ǻƾһϲá
ϣλѵأ¶
һĽޣǿĲĬĬɱ¾Ѫ
ֱϾžУһλʢĽޡ
֮Ϊеģȫѻһѿݹǣ
ֻǣЩĻĶִ㵵ǣȻЦսȥ
գãһ⣡
δ£ʧֻһȺǿ¡
ϧˣȴΪѰҵŷӵ
һɽϣԶƺһ˿ź

֪ˣҾͲԽ޴ˡ
ҹֹһ
Уȴ˵Ŀο
Ѱţ

ŷǱ伣겻֪ţġ
ЦЦݲá
֪ѰıԣȻȥҹŷˣȻֻ֣ҲӦ

ףʦûˣȥѰһ𣿡
Դ٩
ӣЦֻҪ֪ţˣҪ
Ĵָ˷ȥع
һЦҲ֪ѰŵϢʦֵƺҲܲ
ǰɺԼЦġ

ߣˣʱѾͬѰǻţҲֻܼβˣ
ͬҲЦѰ
ѰӣؽҷƣгЩɫעȡж
˳
ħ֮ȫɱģĳڶ࣬Ҳ֪顣
ڤӡŷӡ
ɽ
ȥ̽һѰĶ
ѰŵϢסˣ׷ǲǰ̽Ѱľ嶯

ʦ㣬Īʦ֣Щǿɽǿߡ
ɽһի
һȺ̽Ӷѣᡣ
Եú򶨡
Ѱѡڿɽһ̣ԤϵһĻϾŹˣ
ʦ˵ĲֻҪǰƣͲᣬһʱ䣬һǱˣⷢ⡣
Īӳ
ڣ𾳵ĿⶼʼעɽԤһʱУ־ƻͣ
ĪӲпһһ˷עУǷӿ
ƨбһۡ
ĪȻ

ʱĿɽ籩ۣ֮ƽȴз֮ƣ
ɽϣĪ򶨣ȴòذһзֶΡ
磬ֹŴ
磬ӭӷ׼
ڿɽ⣬ʱƣ۶޵ӰҲ֮ԽԽ࣬ڽŹעš
ħ˴λع飬һڤɳһԤڤƱҪģ
ôԣֹڤһǧɣڤҲᱻҺħԿ
ŰɣڤʱܳжϳѰǿ˺εȵز
ۣϵطš
ħ³˭޷ע
ַķΧһֱʱ䡣
ֵǣֹѰһֱӿɽڤǿߣҲǰ
һʱ䣬ǿ߽Ծɲ
ɽϣУѰһ䣬һϪˮ𣬻һſžӨ貵ˮ顣
ѰһЩˮٿȻһˮߣйճһ£ӯϵͼ
ˣ
ͼһͣɢһĲƬ뵵˷۶
ԽԽ࣬ͼлҺСٲƵĴ¡
ԶȻһ
ͼ֪ʱĪѾִ˵أǡĿһĻ
һ𺳡
ʦֶΣһɶ컯ƣĪ⡣
˽Ȼʦ֣Ҳ̡졢ȵ
ڣѰһһϪˮܻһƬصֶΣĪܲ
Ժ鲻Խֳһƺš
ʦ

ͼɢ»ˮϪˮС
֣ǵʦֶΣĪ̲סʡ
ѰҡͷһЩ򡣡
ĵʦּ̧䣬ܲһĴ
ѰĿǰֻܲһЩѰ󣬾벼󻹲һξ롣
ѾһõĿˣ
⣬ҲЩѰ򡾵⡿õ洦
Īֿң
ѰϪϳʵ
ľЩ
ĪӶʱüͷһ壬Щһһг
ڤӻΪ¶𣿡
Ѱʵ
ĪҡͷЦڤϾžѰгôһڤưոݣ
֤ڤҪôǱĳҪ鵢ˣҪô׼һԶԸҵȫֶΡ
Ѱڵ
ڤӣѰ޾塣
֮ѡڴ˵أֻϸ򡢴񡢰³ӵ֪Լλðˡ
Щ죬Ѱ½֪ڵ֪ԼŵϢЦ졢ҹǶѰġ
Ѱֵǣڣϸ򡢴ȴһϢûС
ĵĵط
ѰǰҪȥһ
ԶҴҶɫһ˿Ź֡
˭
ա
³֡
ѰʱףΪμɫԵǰŹˡ
ûǴλ糤ľԼǰĽѾá
ʲô㸴𲻳ɣ
ѰЦ
գСͷ֮ʱվѾ˦
ҿɲ֪
ƲƲ졣
Ȼ֪һֱĽϧǣɴûжղκһ˿øС
˵Ϊ˶գԵɺ֮£Ѱʶ
Ҿȥλѡ
Ѱһ˼⣬

ɽ⣬ǣһϮ£ͷڣʳڡ
ھȴЩӡ
˴Σò
ԶĿڹעһУЩ죬û뵽ڤûˡ

Ҳħ񸴳ģ
ǰҲǵһλ֮㣬һ磬ֹ߹츳Ҳƾ޾ס
ʱǨҫۣɱ֮ն㡢ҶĦڭЩ۾ͷվѷһ
ۺħˡ
ƫƫأˣΪʲô
˽Ժܲ⡣
ˣ
أ˽г
ҲڴʱջȻ̧ͷͿɽڣһͦӰ߳һϮ°ڷƮ
ģ֮Ϥвһ󷭹
еĿģľ±üᶨ
Ȼħ񣡡
Ļţ
Զֲڰй۲ǿ߽궯
ȻϢ֤Ѱţ£ǻǵһۼѰټ
һʱ䣬еĿⶼˢˢѰϣɫ졣
ħ
ΪλʱȴһǿƵ̬̤ڤǿߵʬ壬عǵҰУ



1255 ڤӳ
ѰУٵĿӲͬԼϡ
δᡣ
Һ£
ѰĿ⿴գ겻ԷҲ̤ϳپѰҲЩп
μ۵ƻȺУٲȻһ˭޷ӵĴڡ
ֱСͷʱǰʮûеǰҫۡ

ǣǷ¶ԣոҫ۵ڣ
ʱɫԵúƽҴֻԸһսƵħϣȫ
ԶʱһЦ
˭ܿմ˿̵սԵЩǲǷɵˣⲻǴŰ
üһĨӡ
գɺȴΪһսͱǳȱ仯β˸п
㲻ɱ㣿Ѱʵ
սҲ޺
շûвΧЦƽ۵ƻϰУѳħϣֱ񣬴ħ綾Ʊػ谭ҵĵ;
Ѱԭˡ
ȫ
ɫһֵ࣬
ˡ
û˴ǰ̬ؽ޷棬ǰֱˡ
Ҫ֪ۼޣѰȫɻɱƫƫأȴȻ޾壬ǰս
Ƭ̣Ѱյͷ

תؿɽ
һδȥ
ԶħǴӦҪյսˣ

һӺ
ɣϣձѹأԡѪޱȡ
ɳϣѰȴδº֡
ħѰʡ
ղѪգŻľʹգؿɻ⡣
Уһǰδеɡ
û֪Щʹ࣬ΪĲҰܣһĨӰ㣬ĥʴĵĺ־
ȻѳΪپľߣ֪Լľȣ
ʱ߻ħĿܣ
䱻ħŶʹһս˶һ
ǣˡ
ʱսܣԣȴһĽһظ֮С
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ûҪ
Ѱ뷨
ճĬˣãŹֵлȫ
ѰҲ֣δ˵ʲô
ȥҹŷӣǰһ̽
ǰպȻڡ
ѰһУס֡

ߵʱȾѪǱޱȣһĻ޵߿С
ֻǣ˭û뵽׺Ƶħ񣬾ŹһΡ
㲻ƳħΪͻͽ
ҲЩ⡣
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˵вֻһֱ޲ߣѰи
ȻжϣԺֻǲԼͷˡ
ΪѾˡ
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ѰͷаǹŷӲǵȷѱ˷ټ
ôܸȤ

ʱȥ
Ѱҡͷٵȴһʱ䣬ܷϸ򡢴񡢰³ǵϢ
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֪Լʱ׻θ룬ǷԼһ
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ڤ֮̾ء
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Զһɫڤڤӱչ֮ء
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ΪѰĳ֣ȫû
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˿̣һ뵽Ѱչ¶ֺɨһееƣղͷһ󷢺
ʶӷصĵһʱ䣬͵ȺڴˣЩϢڤӡ
εǣڤȴڱչС
ղܵǴ˴жʧܣڤܵǰδеĴ
綼ڵſڤЦ
ٲóһЩжֻΪڤ֮ƽʹزۡ
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ǰ⣬ڣȴ䵽Ҫɫĵز̼˶һֱıԵ

Ӷˣ
ϧһж֮ӡ
ڴʱԶǽյڤźȻһ޳ԡİеӰⲽ
ض谵һϢҲ֮ɢ
ڤӣƹض
ѰӾţããã֮һֱΪգտɵóԸ
ղ˽⵽ڿɽ飬ڤӻɢһɿֲޱߵɱ
ڴ˴жж˱ѰɱڤӸϡ
ţֻҪԼڣڤ֮ƾע˿ɵ
ʧһЩ£ԺٲһЩˡ
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ڵأʹ飬ڣΨһϣڤϡ
ڤӶʱüͷһĨᷳϣ˵ģڤսԲϵԺҰѰһǣطΪᣬָս
⣬һĵֶΡ
Ȼ޲һ߷ȴôƱػЩ˳µǿĺ
ɢˣɾͲôˡ
лˣ
ϲ⣬м㡣
ղȴЦɹ˵ĵֺ͵Уǰںϵģ
ȻָսԺҲעڵ;̤õľ磡
嵱ȻҲһ㣬ѲںᵽΪ֮ζԸٱĥȥ
ղ𰣬ʱټ֣󣬺һǰɽɱѰⲣ˳Ѫϴի
ڤ˫ָģڵɱӿĻ棬ޱȡ



1256 ˷Ŀ
ڤӽڤǿߣնѰѪϴի
죬Ϣ籩ϯһʱ˲֪ٻȻ;
ʱ죬ڤھ
ߣȥڤӵгĽپս䲻вԣʵҪ콾ǰʮ֮Ӧòѣ
жǿħһս֮ȻһĿȻ
һЩﶼסӸطɽ
һʱ䣬ڿɽ޵ߵӰԻǱ
ǣ
˾һͷ񷣬ͶµӰɽͶǣ貽⡣
ৣ
ʱѻһò꣬ΨһִĿĽɫ
С
˵ڤһСҲһھ֮кճĹŴ̥սǿƥ
ֻ¼͵ײβ
ڣҲɽˣ
䣡
һͷɻ䣬ʱնݣװĺһ֣ʥĹ䣬һ񾲾׵Ůӡ
ɻһᣬ޹ȣ
⣬һλҫƥ֮Ů
Ǻǣտ֡
һЦһӰ̤һ罣ƿն
һ˰޳ӣһϮīۣһͷѩ׷һ絶丫̰Ӳʿӡ
һ궯ϳԴ̴ҶĦڭ
ƴһĻĻڽʱУ½ţø޵߶ЩĿϾӣۻҡ
Ҫһλҫﶼѣڣȴ
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˶һԤУڤЯһԿƿĶԾҲͽĻ
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ƱãڿɽϣһիҲأɫء
ڤܲţ
üĪӴ㵵ǣȷƮҡĽž£ѰȴһûƵģڿɽ¡
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ʱɽڳһӶ
̶ʱ䣬ԭĵĿɽĿǰǣֳһҵģ
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˵ôʲôҲֻɽϿϷͺá
Ѱ˵ʱһСͭĸץǶһڿʯѷС
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ʱһ֪
Ѱ¶һĪЦݡ
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Īӳüչ
ѰǲΣɾ֮أ޷ǡ
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񻹻úúõġ
һΣѰܷٵһܵ漣
Ҳȷ
ԸѰ԰쵽

¡¡
죬͵һӼԶطһ羪װĺ÷ɫ䣬زڡ
ǧĺϯض
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ԭȺڿɽˣԱͷųʶɢȥ
ͼԶؼ䣬ӿգޱڣ糱ˮ޵ߣ̤Ŷݹ⣬ƺƵӿ
ԼԿǴϿգɷֲֿضû谵
һεɱҲǵذϯ
ʱ˶ɫ䣬ڡ
ԶԶһڤǧ֮ڣʵĶΪУżʣ
ҲЦЩڤ̲˴ССʮܹӵǺ𣿿ϧףֻһȺں֮ڣڤӱɱڤȻɢ
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ڤ֮˲Ŀȴһ飬ɲͬ޵϶ɡ
ڤһ£Щ˳ڤȻ߽⣡
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һˣȴǬ˻ĵ֮һ˲䣬ͳΪȺĿĽ
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գһ֧ڤڿɽǰ㡣
գҲ֮ɱƥԭʵ񷣬˿̶û谵ɷ⡣
µǿߣڴ˵㣬ǵȿֲѹԽ飡
գڤڴɱѰѪϴɽ޹˵ȣվԶһЩ
һƬžУڤͳըװ㣬¡¡
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СҶĦڭЩ̣ôһ仰˱ܡ
Ҳ֪λֵģ˵ǰͷɱУ˭Ҳ֣˭ڤУɱ⣡
ڤһɨȫɫᡣ
ȻҲвһЩ䶥ĺˣʶŻдѡ
ɣҪ˷Ѵʱ䡣
Ȼһͷ
һ̧ۿȥͻȻ˵ģС
ڤƳСһۣûж˵ʲô
ⲽǰڱһٿȻԶĿɽзһȡ
Ѱ
Ұ
һʱ䣬ؼ価ǹɱʵʣնݣʯľ˲䶼촷ۣ
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ҵģǾʹΣҲ̤ɽš
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Īӵһի˽ɫڤ˴ٲȻ㳲ƱԤҪգ
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ģڤٴҲһȺħС󣬲һ
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ҲڴʱڤǱƥؼ׹
ٶԱѰղԣһʱĻ鲻Խ߬ȭͷ



1257 ֮ս
Ŀע£ɽǰѰȻһ߳
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ħ񡭡
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Сȴ͵һЦЩʧҡͷһһͷ۰ˣȴûһâûС
ĸ֪УѰϢʵ䲻ףȴԲһЩ
ˣۡ
ڴ⣬Ѱ˴бʤİգǲѶΪ֮
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Уڤͫ磬ź⡣
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ν棬˶һΣͷ𶯡
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޿ɣһսì죡
ͬʱѰ־ŸɵĽַţһ𣬺Ȼӭȥ
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ɲǼ䣬սìݺᣬⱬԼɼڤ޳սìɱб󤡢µȿֲԶ޸֡
ڤף쳹ʬɽѪѪ֡
˼䣬ײ֮кĳˮ
ǿ
ͷĽ𣿡
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Уֻ»˲䱻ɱ
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ĿĶΪѰڶԿиˣѪ𺧡
ħ񣬿ս޲ʤ޲ˡ
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ȻҲע⵽ڤҲܣ΢΢ڣɫԲ԰ף
ˡ
أѰһָŴƻۣƺƵ˳߲֮֮
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Сȶһʡ
ۣ
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˽Ըˣӡ
˶϶ԣѰѱֵ㹻ˡ
ΪΪϱڤһ磬ȴսз̫ͥˡ

ڤϣʢĵ⣬˲ͻָ
һĻĿ࣬޸ƵֶΣֱ죬⻹ɱ˭Ķ֣
漴Ǿޱȵķ֣ѰϣһɬĵתҲۿɼٶֺϣ
⡭
˶ѾѪƴٴΣѸۣڣ»ָ
̫˼飡
ߣ̽ˣһ㣬ʲô죡
ڤɫ䣬зһɬӵڣڤķ
ƣҲ֮ʼһڽ


1258 ǡ
¡¡
ڤϢأתߵֲĺ˼Ѫ
ڤ񹦣
Сݣ𵴡
ͬʱҲв˾ϳǰʧһžѧ
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һ޸Ļǲܵģ
ѶУҪˣ
УڤѪ裬纣ϯǬ
ɽƬ̣濦һ죬һȾѪͭսìϣ
ȫһȻѰҪϮɣ

ڤŭĿѡ
ɽɱУ½һսì飬õ絶ס
УȴһҲޣ
Դˣ˶Գ棬ʶѰ˱һ˼
գڤ˽ʣսìˣսìҲǸۣء
˶ΪڤҪѰѹʱϵǣһѪɫ񽣡
飡
ںͶнУһֻһָ߳ͨʺѪ񽣣չֳƥƣδ
һϵı湻ġ
˰̾ȴۺͼ֮ɫ


1259 

кѪɫ񽣽棬ײ
Ⱥ۽Զݡ
ɣѪɫ񽣵Ҳ䲻ϸȥ˽ǶָĽڣֳһѪӣˮиħʬ׹ǣ漫ˡ
˽ӳѪϯͷųɲĥϢƿһ
ڤӣ
˲䣬Ѱϳ˽ֵ󣬺Ȼ֮õѪɫڤӡ
һȴڤ֮Ϣ̫ˡ
Ԫ
˳Ծ
󣬳һ
ڹŻУһֱһصĴ˵ϹʱʱһͳԻѪڤ̡
ͳУѽһߣԪѪڤ֮ӡ
һߣаǣѪڤ
˶ΪΪѪڤ̵Ψʥˣܷ񽣵ܡ
µǣִ˶ɱУմʥ˶ɵ֣
ڤ֮Ǵ˵еԪ̫ˣκʥ˶Ϊ֮ۺʹѡ
ӦõȷԪֻƺطӡӦԶԶֹˡ
ҶĦڭ磬ҲǾ첻ѡ
֮ʥ棬ô˽ӡֻڤҲĿŵضá
һЩĿ
Ԫһʥ˶̸ɫĿ׽Ϲʱʱ˽֪͹ʥ֮Ѫӵഫɫʡ
˵ҸǣѰ֮ǺεȱܹںԪĽҲȻ·磡
һʱ䣬Ⱥ˼죬ԱѰڤõı
ɱ
ڤٿԪɱɱأ޿ƥУ޿赲ķâ
ֻǴѣڤȴ˽Ԫ
ֻǣԭϣƾ˱ѹѰ룬ȴֻܺǶдһƽɫ
Ҳʶ˶еĿ¡
Ҳˣһ̣ǰδе棬ȫԸٲ֮ǰǰӡ
ˡ
ɾڴʱѰԥüִС
ɲǼ䣬Ʊǣӳ˯г׾ѣչ¶ķâ֮ʢƬ粼㱻˺ѡ
Զ޵۾ʹ񶼱ȷâ壡
ѵ
Ԫ˲䣬ͱݺ죬ɳȥ
˽£վǱӡһʥսĽɲһܾġ
ۣ
⧲֮£ڤӶʱѪɫȻ԰֡

ŭѪɺ죬ٶȳɱ
Уһ궯ıʾԪҲѹƲסѰĽࣿ
ЩڤǿߣǴǣȥ
ʱڤӣԱ׼ŭñ֮ǰǿҲ£ǵƣһЩﶼɫ䲻ѡ
ֻǣ˿֮ѰѲ㱣
һصӳʱعţ·һֹ̾
ſն
ۣ
һɺѪŽڤӼλã俪һɼǵ˺ۣ첲㱻ж
ʹ֮£ڤǿӶŤ
ţ
ǧغϣɾȴƿصơ
֮ǰռȻռݾƣһֱѹסѰˣо衣
ΪѰһ硣
ڣԭѹƵѰǵؾƲ˵һչ˾ϬķƵƵܴ죡
ĸȺڤܽܵˣ
Ⱥۣǳ޷ڸȷپѰѻΪչ
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ɱ
ڤӳ׷һͷѪ裬ĵ뷨߷˼£ˣһҺبµڤӣǬĴϡ
ն
˿̵Ѱȷͬˣɫϲһּµ侲
ӿգƮ
ն
ڤӾܼʱ䱳ɱпһѪܵ˺ۣѪٷ
ɫ԰ףҰްһУϣ޷š
ʱȫǳ׺䶯ԱѰչֳ𺳵
ɱ㣡
춯ص˻УڤϢŰϯǬɽӣչɱ̫ŭ
ѰɵȻݣһһ޷ĻɬϢӶ
ৣ
һɱ¡
Ѱȴ޳֮У֪٣֪֮޷
޵߶ܵòѪΪһնֱһţиɻ
һЩҲɫأ޵ˣš
ڤӶԣһնʱжʱֳвϢ̼ͷƤը
о޿ӣ޿ɱܣ
ۣ
һɲһŴõͷ­Ѫܵġ
ȫڴ˿Ȼһֹţ˶۾Ͱ㿴һС
һնǶ׽ȴնڤ֮ͷ­
ε糱ˮʼġ
棬ڴ˿̶
ڤӣһλھ֮µĹŴ̥Щ꣬һڲݺڤ֮˲֪˲
һˣսĺˣȴڽꪣͷ­ն
˭뵽
˼ǣĶѰΪϻҪһ磡
ʱСҶĦڭЩﶼĬӿ
˼⣬ղԼܷѰһն
ͨ
ͷأҳžޱȵķΧԵΪ̶
иǺݺһ
ɳϣ˿ΪսʤߵѰǷǵûɣɫء
Ҳڴʱһŭޱȵ˻
һںȻĿע£ڤͷʬ壬͵Ȼѣһͷ
һͷѪãɴСѪ类ɣɢĺ⡣
˫ѪɫˣŰ˶ԳÿһԳϣӡŷܡɬڤģ¡
Ϣ׶˵գһλа죡
˳Ѫã
ʧг
˵УڤµĴף
ǻȻ궯
˳Ѫãڤеľףһ֣ӵв˼ս
Ѫãڤӽвټ
ɰ˳ģȴֻǰһͷ
˭Ҳû뵽ڤӵһͷ˳Ѫã̫˼ļ¡
û뵽ڤӱնͷ­ǵû֣Ϣֲˣ
𣡡
˳Ѫ÷˻ɱ⼤Ǭ䣬նѰɱȥٶ֮죬˲ơ
ն
Ѱ⣬ɱ£
飡
ϣ֮ǰɱڤӸ۵ĶУ˿ȴ˳ѪõסɢѪ⣬һն֮ĥ
ȫԾǴ˵еľף
ʱ˳Ѫǰ壬ʲôҲ޷赲˶ѪɫĴкһڤĹ޼᲻ݡ
ңĺĶ¸żԶҲ˶Ĥ˺ѣѪʳһЩǿ߸ǱЩȥ
̫ǿˣ
˲ڸȷڤɱﵣı壬֮ǰ˭û뵽ġ



1260 նɱ
ͣ
ѰҲһ⣬֮壬ʵʵɢǰ˳Ѫõ˻ײһ
߼䷢ըؼ¡¡죡
ϣ
ͬʱѰ죬޼᲻ݵɱȥ
ʢľâضΪ֮ʧɫ
˳Ѫ˻ϸ촽ƥļ׶һģƿһз
츳ֶΣҧ˲䱻ɣһ߸ʬ
䣡
ٴ裬˶Ѫɫĥ𹥻˳Ѫõļ죬Ѱȭͷײһ
ĽУѰָһʹ㱻ƿ

˳ѪõѪͫУӳһɫͬ쵶Ѱݺɱ
׿ˣݿ࣬ײƥѰеޱȵĳͱ
ԭΪͲһأһͷʱѹ
ѰڤӽΧɱѪãȴû뵽ڤİ˳Ѫãս׿
ۣ
Ƭ̣ѰһڤѪɫУ۰򴦶һѪѪⸯʴ
˳ѪõĹѸͣǰ˶Գȶʱٶ˲ƣޱȡ
ңÿһԳ򣬽ӡܵѪɫڤģܹͷųѪɫɱˡ
Ҳ츳ͨ
˵յս֮ǿ񶼾塣
¡
ûٳɣѰת
һ˲ȫһĪܵһɺ⡣
ٿѰʱͼӰԨգڳݣҪû
εƣ˵ɫ䡣
Ǻε
˳Ծ
ɴ𣿹ֲ˵һƿƵ֮
Ҳ˶ݡ
ۼز¶ڤӶѰֱڲŶԼɱﵣ
һЩﾪ̾
һʱ䣬ѰϢı仯ȫĿ
һЩۼսǿߣкѰбȽ
䣡
˳ѪٶɱԲ˼ٶƵƵĴ򣬾ͼһѪɫӿգ֯һƪѪɫžѹ¡
УֳͷŶ
ѰһϺȣһڴԨ֣ԼǳУڿɲײУһƬѪɫžӲס
߱˴ײĦճҡ
ѰʶУ͵һ𣬸ֳһɫĹɱ귨࣡
ɣǰ˳Ѫõľɱ
Ѫɫžѹ䲻ؽ깥ǿߣܵסһҲᱻһһ벻
ϧЩѰЧ
Ѱ귨࣬ѴزнΪС򣬸κɱ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬귨תڤ񷨣СҲͬһʱһɫȫĨ
˳Ѫ÷Уܷɡ
䣡
ͬʱԨͷܣһƬѪɫžһѹûһգ
ն
ôʱбѰתһ¡
ۣ
Ѫˮɽ˳Ѫһֱ۱նٶȼ죬עᱻ롣
һħ񣡡
˴УѪš
һϵеĶɲǼ䷢˵Ī⣬֡
Ѱٶչһش˳Ѫá
һЩҲòϣѰʱչֳս֮ǿȫǵԤ⡣
ʵϸӿʼսڣѰÿһζܻΪģתƣⱾͺġ
Щڤǿ߽ɵۣɫò
ɽϣǶһ㱣һսУ̫飬䡣
䣡
ϣѰѺ֮ǰȫͬչǿƷ
Ԩƣ֮ƣûʮһй޲Ϥ
ʵϣܵش󣬰˳ѪõսɲСɴʱȴȫѰѹơ
˿̵Ѱų׶Լɱﵣ
ʱ򣬷ǽҪͷѰ׸ᶯ
ڱڤ֮µУѰѽһ׵Ĵ򡱵زǵѰ
ᣬģ֮ŭͶսʥԶеļִʩչֱ޼᲻ݣ޿ɵֵ
ɴˣҲܿ˳Ѫõȷǿܹ֮ѰɱﵶƵȫʩչɲ˭ܰ쵽ġ
𣡡
˳Ѫ÷񣬴߷Ԫ
ȴѰ԰½Ԩһ̣ͽһɫʵľ׽ߡ
˶ҡΣѰռݾƣ˳Ѫõܣעǳ顣
ɳϵһĻʱ򣬰˳ѪҲһƴ̬Ѱ
䣡
ɲײУ˳Ѫأǰ˶ѪɫȴɹƿѰĹ͵ؽѰ˰Χڡ

ͼһѪɫŷѰһѪˮȾ쳤ա
ʧг
Ķɤۣ߬ȭͷҪϢһɱܻѰͰ˳Ѫͬھ
ˣѰڤӶҪ
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ţ
ܿ죬ǾͲԾѰ䱻˺ۣܿסˡ
ңһĵǰ˶Ѫɫ޷
һڴԨ
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䣡
˷ӦʱѰѳױתԨת¡¡졣
ͼǰ˶Գգۼ䣬ͱѹ۶ϣѪٷ

˳ѪòҽУ׷ƴͻΧҲʶϵ
Ѱɲܿȫչɱ¾
һѪޱȵĲɱľ
˭û뵽һ۷ԾնѪȵĵز
˶ѿѾɱͷѰڤİ˳ѪãԸۣļ
ͬʤѿҪֳ
䣡
أƲıѰĥɱڰ˳ѪõļУ͵رһĿ̹⡣
һ飡
СȭͷСֹɫɢĹ
ڤۣ֮˼С
һ˲õıŵ۶ϣͻ˲׹ڤ
úݣ
𺧣̵ͷڤӲŶɱȫԳƵǾɱ
ѰҲЩ⧲
Ӧ죬һطһ
룬һ̣ȴһյƵ͵Զ֡
Ӱư߲ȴӵв˼һڤ֮˲͵ȼһգ
ۣ
˳ѪôڿѪŭޱȵ˻𣺡޾̵ƣֲܹڤлԭ˱У
УԹ޺Ͳʣ
Ȼϵô˱
䣡
ֻǣѰܸϻץסᣬԥʩչɱУȣԨ˳Ѫð嶼ĥѹ
ޱȵĲҽУһӺɳȥٿȻ֮䣬»ڤӵģ
ֻǣ貶ʥĶӳ峹նѪٷ¡
ȫ׼žš
ˣͫţ



1261 
ڤӣĽپߣһλڤ̳ѳĹŴ̥ӵ컯
츳ݣսϲԳĴڡ
ڤǿϾžʮͷ֮ʢһʱ޶
׸ԣ⣬һʱ֮ӣ
ڡ
ȴɱڿɽǰ
屻ն⣬ѪȾڤ
Уһļžͷ糱û
ڤǿߣ״ǣţ겻ᡣ
˴ΣǺƺƵɱ˷עΪɱѰѪϴɽҲ׾֮¡
ȴ룬ڤӳʦδݣһʱ
ȫǲԤϵġ
սǿߣҲǻ㱲ѡ
һʼսʱû˿ѰϾѰΪվһ硣
ڣõѰȴ
һУԵúܲ˼顣
ȻСҶĦڭȵһĶĬ
ԺУղżսһĻĻǵҲ޷ƽ
ս仯ˣֲѪޱȣ
Ѱڤӣ֣õսֶΣÿÿϣǵԤ⣬ǳԾ𺳡㵡㱡ƵƵʧ̬
ɽϣͬҲһƬž
û֪ʱǳѹľңҪ
˿̣ĿڤӱɱһĻʼǾ֪һ֣֮ڱˣ
صƿ
ڤӣˡ
ڣ˼ɬƳš
Ƭؼ䣬ȻȻը˹
ÿˣԿп̾ꡢСӵˣɽХ
ħ񣬹Ȼ޷ܵģ
꣬һնڤӶҲ
̾ڤҲһλ۰ȴŻ򣬾ѷ
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ȻУǿѰʱĿⶼȫòͬ
ȾѪ˺ۣɫҲ԰֮˭С
ֻǣڡ궯£ѰȴһϵĶ
䣡
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ͣ
ȻͼЩѪ⣬Ƶģ͵طһϸļС
󣬻һĴֵָѪɫ磬˷Ӷȥ
飬಻ʤ
Ȼ붼ѰĵɱĨ𣬿һֱնȥ
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֮ǰսУڤնͷ­Ϊʱȴһͷ˳Ѫãչ
ʱۼѰѽն⣬Ϊѳʱȴַ䣡
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֮ǰֻ̽ѣҲҿ϶ڤӻš
ڣѰڸȷһﻹδ
ѰгԾ֮࣬Ҳᶨ˳ײڤӵͷ
ԭܼ򵥣һ̫ǿˣֶΣһԺȻ𣬺
ۣ
һʱ䣬ͼ˷һѪɫ类ɱʧ
ɶ񡪡
أڤӵ쳹ͼһѪɫ磬Ǳܿ˶еնɱ˵һһӰ
Ȼڤӣ
ͷʻɬĹΣӰػС
жʱ䶯һûбɱ
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Ѱԥкնȥ
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һ죬Ѱ־ڱصõһȴס
һͭƣ¾֮滹ȾŸɺԵѪա
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һն֮ȴڤ޷ܵģͼವһһͭƱɡ
飡
ڤûҡΣӰԭͼ䰵һ̾ٱ㣬ֻ֧Ųס
Ѱһɱ㣡
ڤӷԹޱȵ˻
ն
Ѱϻȥٴӳ
һȺ֣ڤӾ
ܵٶȣˡ
ԭеڤǿߣ֮ǰң־᲻ȥɱѰȤ
ڤӶˣĻԸȥƴ
ɴʱڤȴϵָǳԾ֮࣬ҲǾһ
£˱ǰѰ
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ͷģղ𰣬һλپߡ
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ڤǿҲ
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ৣ
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ͬʱãѰרɱڤӣЩͽˡ
һ㵣û뵽ʱλɻһ֮ŮȻ֣Ѱɱ١
ң
һɱĽӳǬ
һһֳС
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׷УѰҲһĨЦ⣬׷ɱڤӡ
䣡
ڤҡΣתɬĹ꣬ڤӵסһһɱԵޱ졣
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һΣѰʩչ޳ն
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ͣͣͣ
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ͼ˷һӰɱ£ƬأѹһУ޿ɺ֮
ֻǣһβͬصʱ̣ѰԵó侲
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һεĿռ䲨ָȻɢ
ٿȻ䣬˷ٵĹüޣȴİңԶƾι޷Ѱһ˿
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⣬ǴָڶС
ġ
һָǵϣߣģ򷨲մ
һ硰ΪΡķֶΣȴΪ;ˡ
룬֮ģο
һָİ壬ǣռ֮У
ռ䣬ʥ˲ܲĴѰȻգ֪Ȼ֪Ȼֻʽܰˡ
续Ƥǣѻġ
ˣܣҲƾף
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飡
ԶѰ֮ǰʩչĶҲն䣬ڤһҡΣڤҲ֮ޱȵĲҽС
ڤһʧ
ϧˡ
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̸̫ź
ѰƲⲻڤӼܽһҲעԪˣ޷޸Ĵˡ
Ҫڶʱڳ׻ָǲܵ飡



1262 ֣֮
ѰȻ䡣
УƲסɱӿ֣ҪƲס
䣡
תһڴԨ֣ûʮӲ򸽽ĶʮӰ飡
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ͼһ£ͷ࣬ռ信ĺУԶС
ü֮أӡһɫķţ֮״ɫ⻯һֹӰԺ󣬸ʥϾ֮С
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ŷӴǷһĨЦ⣬£һʮƷ̨ɫ뵡
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ŷԣ֮ǰڤӵĶԾУȷۣ
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͵أѰǰջħ뿪ʱѹԼѰŷӣǰһ⣡
ңʹ֪ǸλɽڣһƬޱȵĽء
ţһ׹Ƕѻɵĸǧ㣡



1266 
ĽͣѰףԼˡ
ŷӵıȻȷǿҲǿ˶٣
Ҿȥһ⡣
ѰĿ⿴񣬡ҪҪһȥ
ȥ
ԥ
ѰǹŷӳƺΪСʦ壬㻹ҪҶԸ
Ĭˣò˵ֻǱְˣпܣ㽫ز¶ˣ
˵ѴһĨ⡣
Ѱʱٶ˵
Ӵе֪Լ֮ԻᱻŷˣöɼʥɮͺڻʥġؼžԼһľ
Ծվڶɼʥɮһߵģ
ѰȻһ£ˣڤӵΪֱ˻ȥ
̾˿Ҳ밡ֻڣӡżµĽƣ޷ʵǿϧ
ûڷӡһЩȴҸѹεõˡ
˵⣬ֺٺЦȶһ֬ƿֶѰǰ
һƿ軹浤ֻţȴؼһһ鵤ҩ̷ֻһţܵصƣҲ˲ָ
Ȼǣ˵ԶɽżôΪڤΪ볤Ľ٣˵û
Ѱʱݡ
ƿʶһ̽룬һ쳹ͷ׵Ĺͷ
ϸȥƿСߣ֣ޱȡ
ʵŵҩ
˴˵㻹ʲôôѰʵ
ʱ裬еСٴ⣬һЩ⣬㣬Ҳ˴á
ȻڤеõĺôԲˣ
Ѱúƽϣרľ


ѰƳ׻ָ
һѪȶսΪоڳپԲز
ɽϣѱѰ½󣬲ǰһսУӳѹһеܡ
ʱѰٿشӻС콻˼
ˣȻûիҲݱš
իҩ͸ѰԴ˱м
Ѱδܾ
ڱڤ֮׵ϵҩϤľҩֻʣꡣ
ҩҲԽѰȼü֮
λأ
ϣѰ֡
أ
Īӵի˽ͣɫ֣ء
һ죬Ѱ뿪ʹһ𣬽𾳣ǰɽ

·;ϣѰٶȲܿ죬Ҳ
Ҳ֪ϸͰ³Ϊβ֡
ѰЩġ
ǰսѴϾžֻҪ΢עһϢͲ֪Ѱڿɽϡ
ֱڣϸͰ³Ҳ֣Ѱʶ˵ĴЩ쳣
ñ
񱳸һⲽѰеһѪɫʱʱ
˽ʺѪ͸Ө
ڲһѪɫڤʣˮħʬ׹ۣ侪ˡ
һɫʵԪ
ںڤӵĶԾУ˽ѰߣսƷ
˽һʥڤӣϹʱն˲֪ʥ˵Դ
Ŀտ񣬹ؿˮʳǣ˽ɱʥմ
ܲ
˵ţ̽צӣԪץȥ
ವһ£ѰȽ˽צߣСĶצӣ
㬣ûһһƽѣϱ߻طӡʥҲԷȫܣ
һ㣬ѰȻ
ղţѲ̽ԪϵķӡоأԻɬɲޱȣ˽ؽ
ѰĿǰΪҲֻܿطӡ
ôǾ֮ʥ棬˽ӡչ¶ʥϢǻǸ
ȻԴ˽ܣܺͶнжԿҲһǿĴɱˡ
ףͭ˼
ѰóһƳ¾ɣȾѪͭʱ۾ֱˡ
˱ҲǴڤ϶ãʱ׷ɱڤʱ޳նڴ˶һ˿˺ۣԵǿ֮
ϵô˱Ѱɫʵ
˶ȾѪգʥѪ㿴ӡһ㷱ܵĵͼȻ鲻ȫɢϢȴǿĲ
Ŀƣһ޲ý˶̵ģҲ²ⲻӦһʥܣ
ѰһͲźۼ˱ȴһˬϲá
ȫû뵽ڤ϶õսƷʥԪͷ֮ˣ
ջ񣬲ڶһ컯
ڤϵı治٣˵ϲԳ
Ѱп
ҲΪȻȻҿǺСеڣӡвٺö´֣ϴһ
Ѱͷʹ뷨

Ͼžÿһһ磬ƴ
ֱºѰǲź翲ˮסִɽڡ
ÿһ󣬽Բͬ
һ㣬Ѱһ·ᡣ
ڿˮڣ󡢺һˮ硣
׾ؼŻɱϢ
մ˵ǲȫ׾Ϊܹ׸֪ٵϢ
Ȼǰǲڵ
Ѱڵִɽһ󣬾ͼȺɽ֣֮䣬
ɽ۾Ρ롢վᾡǧ˰̬вͬϣεΪ׳ۣ
˵𣬸д󾪱䷢컯Ѿǿ߶ǰ
·;ϣѰȻһ̸һȺ޵ߣһڸ·
ļٵģǿǴ׽أЩеǿ߲֪ܹŷصģм
˭֪أ֮˵λ콾ǰʮ֮еһЩˣ׷ǰ
˭
ѩʥŮ
죡ɶһİ

Щ޵߽ԶҲš
ѰʹӰ߳˴˶һۣЩü
одʷ֮ǰûԤϵġ
ô࣬ȥһ

˼·
һ·ϣҲǼ޵ߣۺ͸йص顣
ָۣͬһţǸУҪһϵġս
սĸ֣˸ѡ
ѰڴĴ£˸ڵ
һ֮أؼ価ǹͺͺĿݽߴɽݲ˵ɱ
УֻǺХĿ磬κ޵ߣޱȡ
ңԽؼɱԽأѹֵ˶ֱ

ԶһҽС
ѰȻ̧ͷͼһλӵųپΪߣһźɫϾ졣
˲䱻˺ѣѪɲǼ仯ĩɲǼʧǺɫУ


1267 ǣ
ֶٷ磡
һܹʥ˻ǶɢĲ֮磬ֲޱߡ
ѰҲȻֲ⸡֮أȷܿ¡
·ϣѰǽԾ
ء
ɫֶٷһźһؼ裬з
мѭģǰܣֻ˭ƬҴ

ûãһݲĻɽϣһƥ˻
ԶԶȥһǧɸߵĸߴӰɽۣɺ죬Ⱥͷ­죬Ѫǡ
һѰʹѪһڡ
ħл꣡
С
ħһ߮еĹ֣˿¡
ڹżмأڶʥ˽ʱͻħϮһǻɢ³
ڴ˵أһħл֣
ǸߴޱȵӰûڹѪУɢϢɭȻƬضڶ
ϸȥħлϣӡһŽӲӵķ⣬ӯ⡣
ءȡ衢ˣǷ䣡
ϳһŷɳһȻһλʥɮ򣬶ϲѹסһͷϣ
ô˵⸡Ǻ޷йصһأ
ѰĿ
ڵȻŷӱڴ˵ػһ׮컯Ӷȫ;ȱ©
Ͱ̾ϧһԷ޷ȡߣ򣬽ƾ˱ܷӳ൱ʥ˾ȫһǸɱ
ʲô
ûãѰһͼԶУһ޴ޱȵĳǳأ
ǳǳأյһ½أǽ貵ͣɢֺ롢ͻ͵ʥϢԶԶһ𺳡
ף
ҲԾ˹յĵطһʥĳǳأ
ȥ
Ѱʹһ𣬳Ǳ߿
ˣͷһ֮˴˵еġǡ̫ʥͻֺˡ
費ͻ͵Ĺ󣬽ضȾһɫ
ͬʱǳϿգƻۣƮ绷ƣϼתǵ󣬶粻ӵС
ڴ˳ǰϰ㣬ƾС֮УʵΪΡ;޴
ѰʹЩ
һ·⸡ںպ͹죬ͻпޱȵɱ֡
ֶٷ硢ħлȵȡ
ڣȴһǡƵĵطƯգͻΡ룬ʥ׳ܲ𾪣
ˣ
Ѱܿͷ֣Ǹ޵ߵӰڴǡ
ʹһ𣬲źۼؿȥһҲ֮ڶС
ǰɴӲ˵⸡лһʥ֮ǡ
˵Ĳ˳ղųڴˣ졣
λΪβһ̽ѡڴ˵أ
ѣɣͲ֪ʥһУȫǻ󣬴˳ǣԶп£
Ѱʹף˳ǣղų֡
ֲô޵ðΣջ۶ԭ⸡йȻд󾪱䷢
Ѱ˼
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䣡
δ£ͼ߿Уһĺʥϼȫī֭Ĺ
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˾㤵ǣԭɵΡǳأҲȫ֮ɫ
ͬʱһëȻҲǴΡĳǳд
ϸȥԼԿһ߾߲鸯ʬڳߣӰӰơ
죡
˴Уֱð亹
һЩǿ߼ѵ̿ˮһë
֮ǰʥ׳ԻͲӲӣڣȴ绯򣬾ǹ˵Ļ棡
ɭϢһسױһģʹжһ󷢺
̫ˣ
㿴Ǳߡ
ͫױâңңǳǳشϷϱߣһּ֮أ룡
ÿ֣Ѫ죬ںУģ
˵УϹ֮ؼһǣֱ޶֮أ˻޹꣬ͻᱻУó
ȻһţѰҿ˳²Ǵ˵еǣȻĪϵ
Ѱ𶯣ǣ
̧ٿԶǳشϷѪİ˸֣ѰҲʶƲ١
˵أ϶деԸһǰһ̽
Ȼ˴ڡ
ֻǣȴӦ͡
ѣ쵽ڣѾʮǿ߽Уһ⣬ȫҲûг
˺ѡ
һ仰Щ޵Ҳ
ٿǿеĳǳʱĿⶼˡ
طԱ˶Ǵ֮أҶԣȴһѵıأ
ȻѰԶȥ
еĳǳأ޴˳Ծǣ˳ܣʮţ
һ⣬ÿһ֮ϣдС֮أ롱Ѫܵİ˸֡
ûãѰѰҵһ˼ϡٵĳš
ǳоǱԹ飬УֻʩչؼžеֶΣ׽Ǹˡ
ѹе˷ζǹĺ£ܵõ˲õĺô
ѰҲ⶯ѡ
ңлһЩӹŷӷѹεķ𱦣Ȼ⣬ӦҲԻΪġ
Ǳɡ
ߣ
һһڿնȥ磬ǳȥ
쿴ȥѰ
Ц
Ϊ˻ԵҪܹ˭
ЦܲѰʹж

Уƣա
㿴ЩѾںܾãɣ˱ǣ֤˳ǣӦںܾ֮ǰѴڡ
Ӳӣ
һֵϣ۴αȵķݣϺͳ¾ɣЩ̮档
Ѱע⵽ЩݽԺɫʯɣһЩǽϣӡһЩۼģͼڣŻ㡢ͼ
ܿ죬Ѱѹ˲עЩеϢɭʵʵ֮ѰʹС
ǰ·غ˺ҧĤ׻˻
գѹģ
ˡ
ѰתؼžУʱһɷתׯϣһвʺѹһɨա
Ȼã
Ѱһ
ͬʱһ˽ħƶѰԼһڵĲۡ
Ǵӹŷӷѹεõŷӷ񶼱ѹڴ񱳺һںڹڡ
䣡
ǰûã͵һ󶯵Ӻɫ
ͼһӰɱڣһȺԵĶû
ϸһ䲻ǶҲ޼ĸʬеȱٰ壬еͷ­ᴩеǻ˺ѣеֻʣ°ڿ񱼡
ƣȻһȺڴ˲֪µԹ飬أ
񲻾ϲųЦ


1268 չ
䣡
ƱĿЦһ߶ϱʬ𣬵磬˺ѳһĿĵѷ졣
ǵУƥ񺿰
⧲񱻲㱻ɨг
ѰаһϱʬǰȻһλǿĴڣһ֮ǰһʹ
̫ˣҪ֪ǳپΪȴһ˲֪µĲʬϸев
ͣ
߳ŭһڵĲڿգһתһƬȶ⡣
ϱʬܣȴܱܿʱƥڷա
Ȼ
Ѱжʱһɡ
ɱ
ԥѰӶħƣȥ
ͼǽħȻ⣬Ʈһܼõķķţ糱ˮк
ͬʱк쳹
Τӽħ
һڡؼžеĴУҪħ֮ģ߷Ҳǿֲޱߡ
飡
һѵʬδͱħϣ嵹ɳȥڰкȻը
һƽ͸Ӱʶ֣Ѱлѳȣ
£Ӱͻһƴ͸
һǴ˳Ĺ֮ޱȣ콫ȡ
УѰ
ˣ
Ѱ̽һץһڣɲǼ䣬ѰֻĿһ壬ľõһεȹ̡
˼ǣΪһ˿½΢СѾܾˣ
ѰȻ˵ĹȻû˳Ƕ޵߶ԣǴ֮ء
ɶǶԣһѵĸأ
䣡
˼ʱѰٶȳ
ʱ׷ſȵķ⣬ׯϣ
Уħزƴ޾⣬صĺɢ
顫
һһ߸ʬƾ׿񣬿ڷ£һһ屻
Ҫ֪Щʬ˲֪£սȴǿƥɲ֮вپľ
ڣȴֽ
ͽһｵһؼžǶɼʥɮͺڻʥһµݺУŻѪ
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ʱѰ֣̲صĶȶȻһЩĨȵá
ج£ѣɽѣлѡ
أۣ
лѳȫ
ѰȵĶ֣ԴһֽѡȻƮȻţһ
ѰľꡢΪҲԽԽϢؾš
Ȼͷ仺ȴȱչؿ޿˲֪٣
һ࣬ҲȫѰһгϲá
Ƭ̺һʮߵĸʬѰʹһȫȡ
һʱ䣬Ѱһδĸо
ܵ˳ȥһʱԼԭԲزΪȻ᳹Բ
ңľ꣬Ҳڷ仯
Եԣ
꣬üɫ衣
УգķԵĹ첻֮ء
ɴʱѰУȫһԵ֮أ
ߣȥ룬һǿҵĸоǵطȻŴ
Ӷȳȥ
Ѱϡ
Ǵûע⵽ÿһ߱ڴ˵ĸʬǳеһЩϣӡͼ֮ͻðһ˿
·ϣѰ½һһӺгĸʬ
·ǳеĹ
ȴѰǲϲԥɱ䣬յķ
ʱ
ѰѾоΪԲ
ȥò˶ãԼӭĴγٽٵ
Ѱδô·;ϣõһһռӡֱڡ
ԺѡǡʱЩƾ
ôоЩʬԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿˣ
ûãѰȻü
㷢𣬳ԽǿĸʬõԽࣿ
ϲ̿ڡ
Ѱһͷȷˡ
ڴʱԶУ¡¡һƥ
ȥɱߣ
һ֣ըף
Ѱʹһۣһݡ
ӵǻ۵ĸʬȻһµļһһҪСġ
ҲҴ⡣
¡
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ͼԶֵϡϡУʬǣǵأ飬һȥͷ
ҪƵ
ѵһĭʵ̫ˣһë˺ƴޱȵʬӡ
ֻǣѰƵʱͳԾ֣˷糱ˮĸʬ
ûпɹػص·
һӣѰҲһɫء
˲£µǵ̫࣬ʱһɱʱҲûɱΧǾˡ
ǰЩڸղһĿƣֻҪɱˣܽ
Ѱϡ
ͷȷΨһɹѡİ취ˣ·
䣡
սѰʹѷļ׶ɱ˴Ӳƿһӡ
ֻǣڸղŵϲãľѱóز١
·;ϻõԽԽ࣬ɶ˶ԣκϲÿԡ
֮ƿǻٶôҲעûã
Уʬ糱ϱȣ񷸩ܷ֣ǳˮĴУһ˺ѷ졣
ٶһעҪԭأ粽У
С
Щʬηǰ̣ǰʱҲܵ˼
ѰȻȻ⣬һΪת£
ɲǼ䣬ǰٶԱ첻٣һʬ
ѣһ֮սļ̳һλռݣΧҲٿأһʱɱⲣ
һʬȺһ޵Ӱָ֣Ѱ
лˣ
ѰͷҲأɱ

ѣǹǰһλʥաӢ겻𣬱ڴ£ӵǻۣʬ֤ǰ;ս˿£ǧҪСģ
ѣչ֪ǰȥ֮ǣ
·ϣʱбȵʬѣҲѰ˽⵽һݡ
һλʥƿش˵صĹʬ֤ܵ;
һ룬Ĳ
Σýչ
ҧ
һ·ϳ󣬵˺ϽԶˣսޱ֮ҡ
Щʬ̫ˣɱ֮
쿴Ӧþλ֮սļ̳
Ҳ֪˶ã񼤶ش죬ټӰѾϾҪˣ
Ѱ̧ȥҲһ



1269 ֮ʦ
Զһǧ߸ߵļ̳֮ͨɫʥ
⣬ǹ֮սļ̳ˣҲǴ˳ǵĺ֮ء
ֻǣѰʹ̫磬ͿǼ̳֮ϣһΰӰ
һϮۣϷ٣ٸͣɼ֮ڡ
ֻǣһȴŹ˷ë
չ
رϣϳݡ
ΪϢ̫ǿʢżԶ͸ѰʹһѹȸУϢ
ãһֻ¶Ҫʥˣ
ȵˣˣ
ѰҲһ䣬ʹ񶼲´ˣԶԶ͹λչĿ£
֮ʲôȥ⣿
ߣ
ԥʹŤͷӡ
ҲףΪδ쿪ʼ˳ǵ޵߽ȥ޻ء
һλչ˾
ǰķʥ˼սɱӮմʥƺţ
ɲ¡¡쳹
ⷽؼ䣬ٿȻһţЩʬͣжһأڳ
ѰʹȻ֣ǱһɿɲУ񱻶ڱе
ƾҲͽͣ
ϽһӱѿĶȵףʶչε֮ɲ
ԶĹϼ̳ϣչӰΰֱһ˴սìɢ޿ƥеĿֲϢ
ʣһӲɱ޹֮δΪ䣬ɵͷȴڴ˵أ֮ԩ
ǣؾš
꣬ʥ֣һʱվΪŻս¶Ѫ˺ۣ
ڣȴΪ˲֮壬Ψвڴˣ˲ʣñβޣ
УѴԹͺ⣬ĺ
Ѱʹɫòû뵽ǰմʥһλɸĴΪϮս
Ƿǳɰתͷգɱãܣһֱ˵أǿ֪еļ尾
չϷУתɢһɱƥϢ
Ȼ䲻ȣ
ˣΪβ־ܣү㳬ˣ
һҧеһ㲻ͳ׽ˣ
չɫ䣬УŴ񣬵ȣǰ̤ʥ۷֮䣬̤ͬʥĴڣ˸ûʸ񳬶ȱ
˻ԵüԸ
ĲңΪҪйͷϣǰһλھĴʥڣʲôˣ
ȳ⡣
չЦȴޱ͵Įѣڴ֮Ѳңǲַʽģ˳֮飬һŹ
˵ţһȻɭɱɢ
Ѱʹһ

ֻǣѰ˵꣬չٿȻһĨâգѰ
ƤҲʥ;ʱòɱ䣡
ĴЦУһĨâ͵سѰڣ֣꣡
ʼգѰãֻһз
䣡
ֻڣһɿƥҴܣǰڣֱӶʶ
þ˵Ʒ࣬һΪִƹȥδ֮˲ã
̾ʶ
ԭʶСԴ׼һʱɱȴһɫƣʱͽӲǡ
û뵽ʱô꣬ۼϹŴ֮档
չ档
ͷһףǿıԴ츳ΪαӲ
Ѱҳ鴤׹ߣһ̣оԼеܣħͷˡ
ûãѰֻ֮أһɱǡ
ǺεƷĵ֣ȱɱľ߸ǿҲ죡
չľٶ
оԼЩʧ̬Ҫ֪ǰһ۷ʥ۳䣬ʲô콾û
ڣȴЩ޷ԼΪǰϵܣһģԵ̫˼飡
ꡢ츳֡Ʒ֮ѣԿһЩʥӶ㣬档
չܳԾԭһʱٵѰڣȴһصı⣬żˡ
ǲ˼飬ţƾһĵ̣պ̤ʥԺһ֣֮֮
չԽˣԽѰĺоԼ⣬ʱᱻħͷ׸ʳˡ
ţ⡭
ҲڴʱѰչƱݺݴ̼ʧصļ
Ϊ˿̣Ѱڵġֱ
ֻǣ˿ɫȴ𾪡㱡ȵɫ𲻶
ɲǼ䣬һˣʧǣ
ҲڴʱѰһ͵߶ֱ
֮һʥͻᱻĨڷɽʱѰ
˿̣ѹ˲Щңֻڶã硣
ৣ
ֱ⣬Ͱİ˽ɢĹ󣬾ͼһӳչϯ
ԭѰޱȽţŹעһ̬
ɽһĻȫϣͼչâ㲻ܣճմǣ˲ͱ֡
ѰǣһΣȴδܽչֱڡ
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ѰһӴסˡ
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пܣɵսУ
߶߶ģڶԼ׵ĳ¶ѹµĿơ

һλǰ̤ʥ۷Ĵڣȴ󣬿޵֮ģѰҲЩ⡣
ʦ𣬵֪ѾڣѾ׸ôˡ
أչһһ񣬼üѴһĨȻ
Ѱ͵ֽϹľٶ



1270 
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ԭѰʱһֽٺĸо֮ǰһĻĻֱʡ
ѰСûɣ
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ѰȻһ
ʦܲصģµġ
չѰɫɣѰܹԴԼ̬ȣࡣ
ǧ߸ߵļ̳ǰչѰϯضʱչ֮
ֱǹţɸһΡɽɺĸо
ʦܣ˴ֻ½һ·ױһɱ¾ɿħͷ
ãڤڤעڴҴ޾ٳоѡ
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ҲǴ˿̣Ѱڸȷţǰλΰӣǰһλ߳Ƶľ۴ʥ
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ѰĬƬ̣̹ף֪װǸƭԷ־þĥǿߣһҴأֱ̹ס
ϴ
չ̬ƽȻΪãǵõʦϿɡ

ѰкݺһǰһֱֱΪӡһصġޡ֣ԡֱơ
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չɫ׷֮ɫ·˵еһ¡
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Ѱһʥ۷徳£ҲǰԾһ޷ͨ
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ѰһЦϵʦ֣ʵʱҽһؾ˶սʥУ
չƴЦͶˣսʥȷǷɽɡŷ֮һ
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ǹϵɽǰһӰ㣬һܣһƬżڳĬһ
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ͬ
һսף
һӰȴ˫ϥưܵɽǰһԲߵΣ
ǧ׽٣ħ䣬ƬڱΣֲϢѹ񷡣
һӰһɶսɱ̬һĨ⣬ţ
浽˽ǵȿֲĶսϢȴѰǵá
չеġλʦ֡

չ죬Ȼ̾һˣҲգԺʥʱ˽һι
ѰٸЩ˵Īʧ䡣
ڷżǶһӰ֮Ƴ磬ȫ𺳺;ޡ
ң뵱꣬ĿһλӰӾ֮һ·սɱھ֮ϣһ·ʬɽѪУ˵Ƕս˫
裬˺죬У̤ǵأ
ʦܣȥ֮£ѳûУϧѵʱ޶ֻ࣬סֻҪڣǷһĴУһֱȥԺʥʱ׵ģȻͻס
չ˵⣬ĿγѰڣܷһĵ뷨
ѰһʱԺ֪ʦҪϺָԼĵҵ


1271 ֮ͨ
ʦ֣룡
룡
ǧ߼̳ǰӰս
ָһ˵ĵУ򵥵ķʽս
£ˡ
չǰһλµ۷ʥ֮ԶѾɿ
˵ʧȥǰĵУƾоָʥҲǴ´࣡
Ѱͬһ㡣
⣬һѵޱȵıᡣ
Ͼ񣬼ڿԼһ;
䣡
Ѱױ߾ܣħ񣬽յĵ뷨
纳űű䡢Ԫն
ָǰɲǴġ
Ҳյˮ̫ȵȴʩչ
һʱ䣬׳ʣսϢֱ

Ѱʩչεתεȴ壬ԱչвУһһ
Ӱֱսì赭дһ˿κ
ʼѰЩΣܴչеõһЩϿɺָ
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սʱչһˣ桢ׯࡢһ˿ȫעһ
ˣѰҲ׷ſֽţٲĿȫɱ
䣡
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ڤ㹻ǿ󣬵ȴѰ羳ѹ
ŷӷҲǿᣬȫϮɱ£ҲѰ⣡
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һһʽ赭дȻȻȴӯĪ֮ں֮䣬һй
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ˣ٣䣬Ϊһ޷Ĵɽƾ˷ϮҲ޼£˾
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ѳͶսУ죬أˣ
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˵սһʼǰѰʦܾ͸;ϲ
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չ;ʱҲͬһʱ콾ԾһһԱȣȴһܹѰǰǿ
ǿԴսΪս顭ȱһɣ
սչҲǳԾط֣ǰѰʦչֳսҲԽԽǿᡣ
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Ѱʩչ޳նʱչһҲ㱻âɨУ

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𿴴սֻвһʱ䣬ȴޱһΣȻҲǼ֮
ʦܣĲ͵̣Ҵ콾УҲǰ塣
չһۡ
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һλ۴ʥУʶ֪ٷۼ̺Ͳ飬ܹǰ壬ѾǼߵ
սɱپѰߣҲӦÿɰ쵽
չ
ѰĬĬš
֪ʵ͵ǿƥսʱȴ˷̫಻Ҫң̵ֻ߳ɡ
˻һѰ͵һֵʦָ㡣
̸ָϣֻһףνʵھ򵽼Ӷսݵ
˵ţչһȭ
ƽֱӡ򵥡
ѰУһȭȴƿʱռᴩ³ӶһĴƣƾС԰֮С
ɲǼ䣬ͷ׹ߣ޿ӣ޿ɱܣͶ־ܵɲѹȣʼҡ
Ҳˣ価Ϊ棬սʱȥߴݼӣһĨ裬ﲻơ
չڡ
ǰݺʱͼʶһڣѰֵͷȣȻ֮С
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չ̽һץһ¾ɵĺɫʯ֣档
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չǵҸղһȭ𣿡
Ѱͷ
ڣұΪ㽲һȭİء
չԴѰٲȻĵԼʦܣ֪ഫޱ
Ѱץʱ
֪һʱȥ
ѰһȭһΣʯһȭӡԣ
У
ǰһֱΪԼѽսݵǰ޾ͬһеС
ڣŷԼˡ
һȭõղŵİ˳ɣﵽȴǸղһȭһң
Ҷţɽһͷţ֫⣬УΪΣڼڵ
˵Ƕе⡣
չָ£ʱѰһȭǿʯ˷ĩƮһأ
һЩأ򣬵ֻ֮Уɷӳʵܣ
չһĨЦ⡣
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ʦܣ֮ͨȻǧֻͨ䡮񡯣
ͨ񾳣
ǰѰֻ֪֮ᷨ
ᷨ졣
ϣͨ񾳣õһ㡮ϣΪãͨ
ͨ󣬺νͨ
ǽͨ񡱵ز֮⡣
ڣұνʵȫھ򣬴Ӷսݵز
չڡ
Ѱʱ񣬾


1272 㼫©
ˣܾȣĴ̼£ᱬԶѰǱܡ
չѰģѰսУҲͬǱܷӳ
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죡
˼Ŀ죡
ʼգйκγɡ
Ѱë׵Ķ¶
ɣչһ֮Ӱ׽ԼĨɱ
ˣ
ͬʱ̼ѰȫȫĹңٿȻͷš
ವһӰˡ
ͽоĶǡ
չУԶѰϸһ¸ղŷ飬еİأɽʵھ򵽼ز
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չĿѴһĨολŵʦܣȷǲ鳬̶죬ھǱܵأ
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ʦܣĵ;Ҳͬ޿ٴ㡣
չڡ
Ѱһӿĸмлʦָ㣡
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չѵɱƵô˷⵱ԼݽʱΪ̣
Ѱͷ
ּͷ֮ȷͿɲͬҲᵽʩչ˷ļ֮󣬲ܳ־ս

չ˵ţѰһǧ߼̳
˼̳ͣ渲ŷܵͼԲɣϢ
ڼ̳ۣ֮һ̮ѵİ빡
빱׭һƪɬܵĵġ
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֮أʵһʥĲƬʥΪǣ֮ԵɣͷϹʱľ֮սйء
չɫӣʹޡб롢Ҳип
֮أһƲл䣬Ҳ֮أܾĥãܡ
˵⣬չɫ»ָƽԭʬ֤ǰ;ˣǰ֮־Ϊһ˲ħĹѡڴˣ
ͳȻ
ѰҲһӡ
޷󣬵һλ۴ʥ䣬л걻ڴ˵ʹ࣬Ҳ޷ļ尾жɹġ
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ѰһֲõԤУʦ֣ѵûбİ취𣿡
չЦЦɫûˣǵĴڣԭΪ˳꣬ϧǣǵܵƻֻһƬ֮أʧ˳֮Ļںܾ֮ǰֻѾڴ˵ؽˡ
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Ѱ׹סͷʦַģĺǣҶὫ黹ϡ
ЦЦָŰһƪɬĪĵģʦܣһƴȫҿһӡģҪץסᣬȡһ飬Ȼ󣬾;뿪˵ء
ʦ֡
ѰԣѻֵضԣѾ
䣡
һ̣һץǰϵһƪģɲĵײкȻ쳹
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ҲڴʱѰ̳֮£¶һ׵ĶѨһƬ籡嫡
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춯֣
մȣһУ¸ֳɲӶŤ
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Ƭ̺ѰȻأֻУѶһŸ뵰С͸ӣת뵵⣬ޱȡ
ʦܣߣ
˻ٱҰޣͷס壬ǧҪ˿
ѰһգݺһҧתԶȥ
𡫡
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Ѱףͼǧ߼̳ϣϷ裬һ֣һĹԵֲޱȡ
ʦ֡
ѰЩ£ķݣסصĳ嶯
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Уյ١ɳơƣҲһִδйȻ
ٿȥʱǼ̳ϣȴûյӰ
һ۷ʥǰ߳ƣХƣΪŻ򣬵Ϯ֮УѪ޻ڡ
ڱºһƲл꣬У׽ˡ



1273 ̴
ȥ֮⣬޵ߵԽԽࡣ
ȴ˸ðȻ롣
ڵȡ
Ϊ˳Ǽأʱʥ˵еǣʱһɭɲ
УûдڻԵ
ΪЩ˳ǵǿߣһЩΧ£ڳ޵ǽԲж
䣡
͵أ𶯣ȫע
ԶĳǳأԭڳеĹϢҲ֮ʼɢ
ˣ
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壡
Ѿвǿ߰಻סչжС
һʱ䣬Ҳ
һƬУѰʹӳУԭ·أٶȼ졣
Щ죬㾿ʲô
·ϣ̲סʡ
Ѱһ뵽׽ѵʦ֣оһ˵Ȼ˵Ҳա
񿴳ѰԾҲٶʡ
ֻǣճ嵽ʱ˾УףһһǰѾ˳ǣǾȻû
˲䣬ѰʹͲһЩĿ⳯ԼɨӶź֮ɫ
ûᣬȥ
޵УԵЩ
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ûã֮أֺޱȵĹϳǳأȻʧС
һʱ䣬˲֪پ
ԭΪһԵ֮أ˭룬̽ѰѾʹʧ档
ѰûлͷЩȻֻ֪ҲҲʦˡ
ˣ
ڴʱһɫŲհ㣬ٿȻѰʹǰ·ϡ
𣿡
ϣһɫƽѰʹ
ɫԣüĿ䳬
ԱߣһӴ죬ڰԣǣǰۿǽصĳǳС
飡
һӣͽ׷ɵԶһֻӬƵġ
ĿһĻѰʹʱôˣ޷Ҫǣ컯
øζۣԽǳУ˻һЩʲôԵû̵
ڣȴ˶ϣβŭ
СӣҪ·٣

٣˵̫ˣֻλӳ컯˫ַ׸Ұˡ
ɫȻӰߴ󣬵ȴһֱ˵Ӣ֮Ѱǲ⡣
׸㣿ŭЦ˭үǰװ⣿
Ҽҹ̴ѦͣȰǻĪҪСĻӿڳ
ϣһʢװĽŮɫ°
ǹӣս֮츳ޣǳĽپߣһڵ޼᲻ݣնɱ֪ͬ
ϾžպһλͷսԻͣ콾ʮλ
콾񣬿ɲ˭ܽӡϵġ
ڵϾž콾һģųپľս
˵ǹӣĿǰϾžǿһͷеһ
̣
Ѱü͹ϵܺõֲޱɽ̡
ҲȰǸϽϻԵҼҹӻһ棬ˡһΡ
ǽŮԴͲм
Цֻ۾ˣˡһΣǺôĿûзŭϽʧ
ɫѿ
ӦʶֲޱɣҺѣϣҲǼƽϣڣÿ
Ѱԭͺܵ䣬ӺвȣѼ䲻졣
ΪֲޱλˣѶ֡
ţ˵ʶֲޱ
أǱһͳһӰ߳
·ˣһͷɫһｻ֯Ƴһ棬ޱȡ
ǣһϵ˭ķâ
֣ǽŮæ˱һ࣬ʦ֣ûҲˡ
λʦȴûڳֵĵһʱ䣬ͽĿ⿴ѰɫЩ⡣
㣡ɫһĨ⡣
ͬʱѰҲüϳԷȻû뵽㡣
ˣ棡
Ѱֲޱһ𣬺ɽӵִﶫʤʱйһ֮Ե
ʱһпݾһ֣ǰǣҪֲޱš
ѰԴӡɼ䲻á
ɲˣ˽ֻΪԼ˳ۣͻȻ֣˵ҪһԼͣʵּ֮
ʱǿݾֹѰԲԷһĽѵ
Цǣ뿪ʱ滹
Ǿ仰źεвѰ񶼻ǵá


1274 ʲô
üסƾݣ䲻ʦãԺٸʦãұ㣡
仰Ѱɲ
Ҳֲޱʲô뷨ǲʲô뷨Σ
ҲڵʱѰס棡
ֻвѰᣬΪвĶʵ̫࣬Ҳһ
ؼǣˣض֣
Ѱûдȵ˴ĵز
ֻǣʱ꣬Ѱȴû뵽ʱٴκ档
ͬʱҲɱӿ
ɲˣԼѹѰʱֲޱҪԼ
ҲǴǼºֲޱڷź󣬶Դ̬һֱ䲻Ѱ޵˹
Ϊ˶֪ʱһֱ׷ֲޱ˴֮¡
Ѱĳ֣Ȼͳж
ΪЩȥԺܿܲټļһ˭룬ȴˣ
һµħ
Щ꣬ǵãÿ紫ѰйصϢֲޱͻ⡣
ɿˣ
ڣںѰ棬ֻһ뷨жˣ
ʦܣϵôˣ
ͷѦЩȣҲѰ̬Ⱥ䵭һ˿ɱ
ۺ졣
ޱ飬ѰϾžһλڤӣѹŷӡ
Ѱ
Ѧһ͵شЦˣξײץһ㣡
ȻҲ˵Ѱģȴη壬һͷһ֮С
㣿ҿϾҪΪ㣡

ת⣬Ѫ纣ɱ֣ⷽض¡¡죬ϡ
ǵиΪʵǿһּز֡
ۼƣѦͲѶá
ʵҲȷˣ澡ܿԸҲһλ콾ǰʮ֮еĳͷ
ʵһϲ£עҪħС
ѦЦſڣϷʣЦúܲá
ΪҪѰĻԵ֪Ѱĳˣ͸ˡ
ɱһã
ԶһЩǿߵӰ֣Ķ
˽⵽ж˫ݣʶ˱ܵԶ
ѦͣһλĹŴ̥Ⱥۣս׺ס
棬ͬѷɫ
£һǳ֣˭ܲ
ͬϳѰʱЩǿҲ޷ˣҪ֪ǰãڿɽǰĴսѾϾž
˭ɱڤӲ̶ֻӣѹȵùŷҲѵħ񣬾ɽУ
ң̵λͷˣ
ҪˣϵıԶ㡣
ĮȻ
á
Ѧ͵˵ͷɫݡ
òţһҪѰ̬湻ģ
Ϻڣһ߿š
Ѱ䣬ûӣҲ޾⣬Ψɱӿ
ԭֲޱϣԸ̫ϧԷȴΪɹ׸֮ˡ
⣬ƵѰĵߡ
һһһ·ѰĿڡ
˻һԶ˳ԾҲһĿзεɱ
ѰڤӺ͹ŷӣȷ԰ǰҲ԰ķݶ
ѦͶѰᣬϾžǿƣͷڶ֪࣬ʲô죬ˣ

Ѱ÷ϻ̤գһȭ
򵥡ֱӡȴһǰ޿ƥ֮ơ
ţ
ͫһУһȭжѰǲδ̫࣬ӣȷѱüǿ
֮ڱʱȫˡ
ҲӣСܹڤӺ͹ŷ֮ˣȻѰ
治֪ǣѰδá㼫©֮ǿֶΣΪ
ֲ䣡
䣡
˵غԱ
ѦԣХȫսѰս
ȻҲѰǿûнѰ֮ʶһѶʵ
飡
ײɽնըкĳˮɽʯȫ촷ۡ
ضѿĿĵѷ죬˷
ת˲ѣѽʮΣ
Ѧ˱ĵˣǻѪŶס
ٿѰʱĿѴϾ֮ɫ
֮ǰĽ棬оںһΡɽԾƾһֲɺС֮С
š
Զ𺧣ȫǣֻһ뷨ħ񣬶˵ǿƥ
Ѧͣһλǿĳͷڸһҫ֮ȴ޷Ѱ
濴ɫҲ𲻶ˣΪѰȻڤǿҲǿ˶٣ȴȫһ
ûż֣Ҫһȷϡ

м³֣кʹ졣
Ѧһ˫磬亮âʶЩˣЩ͹˶ֵĿ¡
壬Ϊ滹
ɱ
ѦͶˣһƷĵ⣬֮أֳһھӨ͸ɫ
˽ŲƴСȴ買ƥ嫵ɢ⣬նȾɹɫ
᰺˾
̵Ĵ֮һоϬ֮档
ৣ
ѦͳֽɱϢǿʢ嫺ϯƬǬ
ңϣŻɬܵĵƸ֣Ϊһ֮ףս츳ܹӳԶѰս
ѰɫƽϢҲޱȣɢŹ׾Ȼ֮һȭһʽ赭дȾ̻Ϣ
ʵµ֣

Ҳˡ
һϣͨ
ǳУֹһĻѦ͵ƺǿκ˶Ŀ
ƫƫأȴѰѹơ
ÿһνÿһξɱԱѰ𣬱˵˵ѰѰǶ
򷨲֣Ҳˣ

ѦʹɫŤ⣬̫ʢҫۣƥ
ѾʶԾƴˣ
һڵ֮磬ɱǬϬ̵Զ۾
ȴѰɫƽһȭ
飡
᰺Ҳ
Ѧǻ飬ѪһļУɳƵģݺڵϡ
һĻˣ
˭û뵽ѦȾܵ˿죬֮ңԵùڲ˼顣
ʲô죬ˣ
Ѱ̤ǰȻ
ȫţ֮ǰ˿ɶѦͷѰĻڣѦԼͷϡ
⣬ֱǶȡĲ

ֻǣѰĨɱѦʱһƥĽ⾪磬ɱ
棬ڴ˿̳ս֣
Ѱ⣬һԺ㣬棬ǷһĨ⡣
֮𣬽֮裬ܸ˶һˣ


1275 
֮ǰռѰʱ⣬Ҳܾϲ겻ĳڴ·ꡣ
ҲҪնɱѰεһж
ɵĿѦ͵ĲҰܣ类ˮĵϲý𣬻һ޷ľȡ
˶ˡ
ԶԣսܲѦͣȴҲ
⻹ôս
ȴò֣ΪѦͱپ
Ϊ˱֤ԼİȫѦʱȫˣ
һľ
źǣѰᡣ
䣡
һƥɱĽѰּ̧ĥ𣬶档
ٶ֮죬ȫһֲ
ɫ䣬òֿ
ȻҲᵽֱȫѹƵĸо
ƾöǿֶΣıԱѰһһǿѹơ
Ǹоݺ
Ѹ޷ľǰӵһۿѰʱͼ֮мų⡣
¾ڸղţѲͬնѰʱɱһλͷĽԸ
ڣһеĲмų⡢Ըͳͳ顢ѹݺݲڵϣ
ɫ࣬ŭĿѣͷɢپޣ·ˡ
Ļһλͷķ緶
䣡
һȭѪɫĳңⶼڲںͳ鴤š
Ѹۣ˵ȥѦͣԱѣ
Զѻȸ˴ͣĻ㱲ѣ˭ţʥ̵֮λͷ½Ѱȫѹƣ
ңѰļƣʼնƵᣬ
һ
°ܲмղŻǰ񣬿أֱӱòˣ
ͬʱҲ֮ص첻Ѱս̥ǰɱ䡣
ΪδƫƫսȴҪǰǿһأ
Сӣ϶˲ٺôֹ
飡
ûãԡѪҲƶˣڵϣһֻſڵϣҲ̶á
ϣһŮӶɵۣɷףݶڸ
޷󣬴еħֲ֮
һ뵽ղţǻסһλֲԹԷ׳ϵĻԵһֱĸо
ûȱˡ
ɫòѰʦϣĹοɺã
ˣ
ԶĶ
һλͷģԵǰ㲻˼飬ҲˣҲԽгѰĿ¡
Ѧͺ治ǿ

ǵĶֱǸǿ󣬶ǿ˲ֹһ㣡
Ž죬ˡ
ˡ
Ѱƽ
۵һͷأһʹ䡣
ͫ״ţš
ϧǣ沢֪ʱܹ˼һֲޱ棬ֶϲ䵽ء
һУֻ˵Ǿȡ
ϣܵĪĴ̼Ѧͱ𣬳ԶӶݡ
ۣ
ӳ׼ն䣬ĺ󳾡
УһʱޱȣΨѪ
ɫϣǽŮѾɵˣɫɷ͸
𣿡
Ѱ̧ȥ
Ůӻһ£ݸ죬ҡͷǡ·٣ȡ
ѰջĿ⣬ʱѴɨսսƷѹθɾ̵طء
ǵðʬ
仰ҲûǽŮһۣѰʹһ·
Ŀ뿪Զսǿ߽һظĸоеĺһˡ
ٿѦ͵ʬʱɫѾ˭ãΪηҪħأ
ⲻǾȡʲô
ǽŮӣ̱ǣʧǡ

ġ
·ϣһսƷװ봢Ѱ
ûгɣ
ѰƳһۡ
ٺ٣зݣ㶼
һ㶼⣬޳ܵģѰΪ֮̾
ٳϽ·ɡ
Ѱһ´װҩһЩΪģɼ൹ǲѿ

Ѱڴָ£һƬޱȵ
Ⱥɽÿһɽ壬۰׹Ƕɣһİ׹֮ɽͷƤ顣
Ǹء
̽צӣָԶڸ룬һ׹Ƕѻɵĸǧߣǧ
֮ǰһΣǸһƬ֮ȫѹĻƬİ׹ɽͿܻһƬ֮أµĹ顣
ô˵Ĵڣһ£
ѰȻ
ˣһɣǧһλͨĴΪľѹƺͷӡһ֮صϢ
˵⣬ժ±һںڹһŷӵķͱ˵ϡ
ףԻڻС
֮ǰļƻ£
ʵ
á
Ѱͷ
ȻԶѰǵӰڱΡ
ûãŷӷƴӻ˯һɲһȻһĿԶܡ
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ͺ¿򶨡Դֹ
ѰҲЩ⣬òϣŷӵԵȷǿ֮ʱҲʧ̬
Ѱƶɮ֪ͼı޷ƶɮ·ȥƶɮı𡣡
أŷӳׯϣޱȣҲգȻҪƶɮԵȫ
˵գ㳯Զ׹ǶѻɵȺɽȥ
̬ݣ·϶ѰͲڰС
ѰԲɵ¶ӰʹһڣȻȥ
ǸأϹʱһλʥֵ죬νһʤ߼λʥΪ˵ĽɱУ
ԶŷӵȻЩ׹֮ɽǿڹŻԣЩ׹ϧ
ͷǰС
ûãһصİ׹֮ɽ֮ԶأΪɽһ߹Ǻɣ
Ǻ֮޴ǧɸߣһλԶžˣǣɽΡ롣
¹ȥɸѹ֮С
ǡѪħһλԾѪʥʬΰɱ
⻹ѰһѪħ֡
ûãһɽһ޴ֳĹǺƶɣͬƵ֮
ǡһλһʥλʥһյƷն
ŷӷƶƬָƣ䡣
ѰʹЩɡ
֪֮ԹŲΣҲڽȷӡ֮أƿ˷ӡ䡣
ŷ˽
ǡ޹һλʥʬ佣ͨ죬ǿƥλʥΪɱˣҲԼ޷޸ˣһǧλʥҲʹԲţȻš
ŷӷ㣬һŵιǺ
ֱ罣ÿһӡŽâ
µĥʴҲ伹һ˿Ҳ޷֮Ĩ
Ϊ⣬һ߽ʥǺ



1276 ɱ糱
ʥǺţؼ䣬£
һĻѰҲһ𺳡
һ뵽λʥеĴ޹ѰҲֻأ޾ηĽ
϶ֵǿ󣬲ѵʶԼĲ㡣
ͺ¿һ·߶߶ģǴʲô⣿
ֹЩ
վֻǷƲʲôˣҿݾˡ
ѰǺƽ
û뵽ǣŷӷȿˡ
ѰǷ֣ƶɮΪλ˵Щ
ʵܼ򵥣ƶɮֻ㣬ҵزУˣǰʿҲûʲô𡣡
֮ǰ˵УգҲڴ˷
ŷƽһȻģ
Ѱͺ¿ֱɥĲΪ˴жĿڣ
ûãŷӶ㣬ָԶǱǧϹʱλʥԲ֮ء
˳ָ򿴹ȥͼԶطһؼ䣬֮Ρ룬ͨ۰׹ǶɢӨ׵Ĺ
⻭ȴˣʥࡢׯ֮С
㱼䣬ƻһƳĺİ쳹
Ѫ֮أ֤ȱΪϹ£λʥ𣬵һλдǻۡȱ͵ʥˡ
ꡣ
ѰҲڴǧ԰׹ͣؼ䣬ѹһƬ򣬿ƿɲ˵һĻȴʥׯ֮
⣬ȷѰܹ쵽
ֻǣʱŷӷȴǰУǣĬ
ǹžĳɫڴ˿̣ҲһĨ֮ɫ
ףͺѵǵļƻıˣ
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ǰʱѾѰƻã˴жעҪնŷӱġ
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ѰʹŷӷԵִһˣԵúܲԾ
νֻ֣©ұ޵ߣеı֮£ǰ·ɱ̸֮֮֮ƶб
ʱزµĶɼʥɮԣѣۣĲۣȻΪӦ
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ѰڣأǸһŭޱȵĴС
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ҲǸߴռ伫ǽϣ̻ʮ˷صͼ
ڴ룬ֲĽһУӿֳûһеϢ
Լɼһ޳ӰǣǿֲĽУǴɢ
һ࣬һ߲ʬۣŭĿԲѪܵģȻǹŷӵķ
븡ڣŲʮʱ䣬٣
ѰʹͫһĿ뿴һϥ޳Ӱ
һ꣬üĿŨܵĺɫɢͦƿ
ٿʣüǣһĥ¶ľ񽣣һּķɣۣȴļ£
ʱë׳һƽڣƻãһ𣬻һھ޴ޱȵУøնڰݡ
ৣ
ѰʹĿ⣬ıպϵ۾ٿȻ
һ˲һ磬˺źڰ磬˻ǣ
ײһëܵһִ̹ǵѹϢ
һֱ̫£
ȷˣǹŷӱ
ͬʱѰҲһ𣬶һԨĺ͵رһƥâ
ܹܵһεĿֲɱ糱ˮ㣬Ѱɢ
ʱհڣ类޾û



1277 ׵ĵһν棡
ʮ˲㣬ɱ纮ɱ֮ơ
ԭ㣬û뵽ڴ˿̳֡
̧ۣѰģ΢΢һ֮󣬱ָƽ
ʼգУӳĵ罣ףһµš
ͽбӦˬ
Ѱ
һ̣һˣԣɱѩ
Ϊǰ֮ף
Ǹͨ콣һ䣬š֮µһˡƺŵľޡ
֣ڶǰ£˲֪
Ѱԣֻһݡ
ˣ
˳𣬽͸̫Ѫᡣ
Щ꣬Ѱһ·Կɽƴ壬׵۹Ż򡭡
һ·޾ĥѣΪģ˶ϴ˳
˳𲻱Ϊˣ
ǧʮ˲УףѰѹĺޣҲ֮۽㣬ױ
ʶȴżµ侲ľҲǰδеĿƿת
κɵģ
Ѱᱻ޳ͷԡ
һôǿĴڣǰڣˣƵһʱİ
ǿ֪
Ͼž콾ϣǵһλã˺
ԣԸˣ뵱Դ
Ӧ
׵Ȼֻ֮ɴӲűӦ֮˵״նɱ֪ˣбӦһڣ
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Ҵ£´Ҫȫҷ𣡡



1278 ɽӼ
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Ҳ֪ʱһţҵһɫ磬ɲǾʧ
ۼٶ֮죬ĶݷѰ硣
һѰͿ׵ӰԶ׹ȺɽӶݣٶҲþˡ
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䣡
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ৣ
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ſն
ԪնУſնɱûն޳նǿ󣬵ٶȴġ
۵һԶϱŽһѪɼǵ˺ۡ
ֻǣʼոͷٶȸӰ죬ˣ·Ƥ˻Ȼ
ĺ
ҲԿľǺε侲ͼͣӶݣҲйһ˿ҡ
ңֳһĽâתݣ
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飡
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±ƿ֮ͻµĽг֣Ϣ
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1279 
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ݣѿĿĵľ޴֣Բǧ֮أʷǰĵһƬǽ塣
һƱĽиΣԳɱþòɢ
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Ѱһ
оƣ
һսʤȴʶ۷״̬еԾûаջɱԷ
ԭڣΪ֮磡
Ǿ൱ѰȫĽ䳹ɱ
ҪҪȥ׷
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ѰҡͷѾûлˣֽɫһѣǺעٱѰٵ
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һսҪǱҪ׵սһ׼ķ
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ԭôΪƹŷӵıںϷʱѡ
룬ŷӱѱɱΪӶԹŷӷ츳ܵԭ׼ŷӱ׼ġ񡱡
ҲΪΣʱڸڣŴһ﷢ֱӸ˿Ѫԭ
֮һϵеɺϵӣ뱻֮ľȵزòӡ
ԾҲΪѰҪɱԷϣ
ԺͲˡ
մƲ⣬˴ڻָһʱڣѰֻҪץʱͻƣȫʵ츲صı仯


Ѱʹ񷵻ظ
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񱼲һ·Ҳû˾񣬵ͷԼĴڹ˯
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Ҳ˲ţ֮Աǡ
ͨ콣ڵأΪβԴ½нͣѵıħ׷ɱһ·
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һعʱǻɢ֮ʱ
૵УɫĮȻü価ɱ


ѰӴտȻ峺ס
ף䲻ɱξȴѰľĳɱ䡣
Σں׵ĵһνУӮˣ
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һĿ£Ӱӳĵһһĵ



1280 Ƿĳ
ǧߣ۰׹ͣؼ䡣
ϣƺأ׵ͷų֮أԲǧԳһֲֿ㤵ķΧС
ѰӰϣԡâ绡Ӳӣˡ
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ͼһԡñѩеٻӰ֣ճڣ̬µգ࣬ס
ͬʱŮӵҲȥ
ʱĿײ߽ϳ˴ݡ

ѩʥŮ
߽ջĿ⣬Է
ͬʱһ궯޵߶ϳ˳ѩʥŮݣݲѡ
ڵϾžܹ콾ϵǿߣѾԳͬеľͷ
ܹ콾ǰʮеģѿǰ뢰Ĵڣһӵоʣ˵ķ
ѩʥŮλ콾ǰʮУ
Щ콾ϵμÿһʱ䶼仯ǳѩʥŮߵνԲǰʮ
ɴˣ֤˵սֲҲֻڴ˿ȫ޵궯ˡ
ѩЩ쵽ڴѰɱĶӣţ
أڣ룬һֱĵİ
˾Ʒ׾
ȥʲ֪ˣ
ѩʥŮͳ峺ǰı䡣
Ц籡âңңԶڶɽٵѰҲûãϾտƾ֪Ĵ𰸣ֻһ;
ڳ˽䡣
Ҫ֣
ѩʥŮȻ
Ц޼ɵ֪ߣѩʥŮҲѷ꣬ҵȻ
˶һ
˭֪ԴڹŻг½ɱһһͬеĶ
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ֻǣɫȴ֮ƽԨĺУ˸ɱ

һڷķ츲صı仯д󶨡
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ֻǣһȴ˲øп˳ѰĿ⣬Զĳ
˶֪һսѾ޿ɱ⣡
һղǵȳоڳЩ޵ߣû̡
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Ѱڣɱ硣
ɲ֪˭֪Ҳ⡣
㲻һ£ҿɲ֮ΣȥӮˣҲʤ֮䣬ҵ档
ƿڡ
˶һ֮ǰƺ͸ţγǳ֮Σ



1281 ϸ
ϷŪ
˶ʶһʼڹ׽ŪѰ̸ϴԺܶӡ
Ը
Ѱ䡣

֣ȫΪ֮һš
ڵϾž˭һλλ콾ǰʮĴڣ
ȫ͵
ȻɲǼ䣬ɫһ䣬ſɲâң
˺֮ѵ㻹
ѰԴƽȴľ
ʶƵһأ޷ĺˡ
ͬģħҲǳصģ
ۼ֮ǿϾžĿã
ѣҸղſѹ㣬ĪҪ̫㿴ڱӦˡ
ѩȻڡ
һ仰óɫ
ҵҪħ񾿾ʲôͣ˵
䣡
һ̣ڿնͷ𷢿裬䱳ӳճٰ
ܣ˹һһľţ
ɲǼ䣬ⷽغӳĵóˣǬİ
ৣ
ҲڴʱѰ̤һӶָһбɱ
޳ն
Ѱ׶Ծʱ龰֣һε޳նԱһأʵɱ䣡
Ȼֿȴ̹ǰĺ⣬类ʺ
ɫ䣬ʶһնĿ£ԥȫ

Уһȭֳ֮ƣѹǬɱ
ÿһԳֲͬͬƣһ𣬾ֻصĴţ
ɣǳľɱֶΡ
һ˲ڣֱð⣬ȷţֱ֮
ĿǣѰһն֮ݿ֮࣬Ӳƿı
귭У۵һ۰ϣ˺ѿһѪܵ˺ۡ
ţһ˿ڣ㾹˵ң
Уޱȡ
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ԶѩʥŮ͵һ𶯣ѰŸնȹ٣Ϣ˥
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ôѰսǿ˺εȵز
˭ң
絶УѰ壬ƣͷɢģǱ
ɵʱȴѹϢ˼Ϣ

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֮У
ͼУӿ֣糱ˮĻ浶ӳһ͵ɭ󣬷â֮ʢ춯ء
޵߶ھз׷˱ܣͷƤ顣
ѰٿضУɫĮ֮Ծ
䣡
ײһ类򱬣Ǭ׸ģңһƬҺͶϢ
ǳʢϯ֮һ׹ǶѻɵĴɽĩ
⣬עһεĿԾ
˶ļµǣɲǣٶȸˣ˵ɳȥڱѪ
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Ѱ
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Ѿðǰ򵥣
ʶʱѰһ㶼
һһ裬òѪԳһ·̤һ콾ʬҡϣٲȻΪһ̸ɫĴڣɴӲ
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ŭ𣬳ױˡ
飡
ܿ죬һαͶѰһȭƿݲ֪ٿţն
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ѿսϣҪһأѰĶ֡
ʱƣѰϢԾ˵ٶȻֲָ
ȻڴӶɽٺڷɿػָ𾳽Ѳǳپʱɱȣ
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Ȼͷ£УͷŭĲҽС
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ڣǵҵģ˶еۣЩĿˡ
ôҲһλλ콾ǰʮİȴħģȷ̫ˡ
ԤһսϢȥעΪһ֪ı
Ѱչֳս֮ǿҲͬ𺧲ѣԼͬǰЩ죬׷ɱ׵ĸòɣ
ϣ
ӳۼҪնˣڴʱһ𡪡

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ٿȻ䣬ֹͣ˳ü֮أǷƥĹâüļƣʳһѪա
һն£Իᱻ룡
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˵ĿҲ֮ȥҪһܹһԾֹסѰºֵǺηʥ
磬ŹһΰɣһϹʱͺϾžѰٹŷӵжϣҲҲæ
ϸǰԵ
಻ڴط꣬ѰҲΪ;ϲ
ۼϸ飬ѰһҲٺͳƽϣϵһջ˶С
²Ϊ
Ƴһ۳ɫ粻ѰһٿѰʱĿǱޱȸӡ
ûԼܵѿһʤϮضûУ
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Ϲʱܹ֮ͳύһΪݴ൱ԭڳζͶ
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ߵĽύϧĸо
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Ҵ磬߲ˣɣҸǺúýһ¡
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ȻѩʥŮڣǣǣڣ˾


1282 ޿
ЩðϾڴ֮ǰ˴İ˰㣬޹ϵԡ
ȴóһ޵߰ۺͼʡ
ϾžУѩʥŮٲȻͬһλŮĴڣֹΪԲλľա
ڣĵ̺ʵҲ콾ǰʮӢ
ΪѩһֱϹϵѡ
ڣڣѰһģǼ亱飬ۣܲ
ѰҲŤͷʵܷһɣ
һ仰˲㷭ۣôħҲһµȴ֮飿
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Ҳв˰壬ʲôɫǰʯħ˾٣νڹһ㡣
ѩʥŮͬҲ峺ֵѴĴ澴𣿡
ѰЦǱɡ
ܸܵѩ޵⣬ҶԷ˵ϣپܾǾԵòˡ
޵߼ˣ⶯̲ס׷׿ڣѰѣҵҲĴ澴֮硭
붼룡
ϸԥϣܾ
˶һͽԴ
ƫƫأҲû취˭ҳıӵȥӲɣ

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Щ꣬û뵽һֱΪҵ鱼ˣҾһ
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ѩʥŮڣ綣Ȫˮ
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´֮ɢŻڣͨ콣ں͵زϵͳ֮䣬ֻ·ǲĳ̶ֳȵĦͳɡ
֣֮г𣿡
⵽󣬳Ҳ̲סڡ
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Ѳףֺ̣
ΣѩʥŮ֮ڣ䣬Ϊ֪
һ룬֪ǻηƳһλޣһ޳ܵǿָû룿


1283 綨һս
գѩʥŮȥ
Ѱʼգ˳ȹĽ١ѡȫɱ䡣
һУҪȹ̺
ϸʹһڹĦоǧڲǽ׭̵һͼ
˵һ仰٣⸡УĪ⣬ͬӡ컯
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ŷӱڴ̻оҲ֪ǷõԵϾѾѡ
ҲڴУԣ⸡ڵĻԵͲڴʮ˲еʮ˷ʯͼС
٣Կ֤ǧڲд

ʱƣϾžУһ׵Ϣʼ𣬵˽Ϣ֮ˣ޲ɲ
ħճʱϵ츳ѪӶᣬ֣ף
һʯǧˣϢһ֪ٻȻ
ף֮ӵн֮ɾͣǿħһ츳йأ˭뵽
ֲú˵ħյĳֿɲ׼ƣԭо飡
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֮ǰұӵˡ
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Ľپ롰ѡżڣչŻľ绮֣ŽپУм
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ͬʱЩ֮ʧһ֣ڴ˳ǵǽڡء֮ϣõô˳ԵֺͻԻͣϢͨأҫǺӡ
˳ǣԻ


1284 С
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˳֮ڣܹɲдꡢǣӶȡеĹ֮
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һƣȾһɱ븡Ѱͷڹˡ
ط洫Ը
˽԰Եͷ
ǰϢױѰ׷ɱŭʶظϢ
ʶҲţѰ׵Ķ֡
ȻϾžѰȻҴ⣬Ҳڴ˵Ⱥ֮á
ʱƣƾơսѰҲõнŭ֮࣬Щм
ħѵӦսң
㣬ǰǰϢĿģ
ʵɻҲڰйעһеǿи֡
ˣѰȴڸڣαáƣһֱֹѵ˲ɣ
˵ǰϢǼٵģΧľ£ѡ̲
֪ħһԵǹ㵨С¹
Ƶʱؽף
һ̣˶ڴţΪǲڸǰĽ󣬼
䣡
͵أǰһҵĺ쳹
Уԭҡҡ׹ĵƽ𣬵ЩΧͨ콣ڴˣȴӰĵˡ
һĻʱȫע
ҲڴʱĿⶼǹ׷ɵĵƽУ߳һͦӰ
ڷɢ䣬ȻѰ˭
ʱ䣬ڴ˿
Уʱһ궯
ֻǣ˶ЩѰΪǱƳģǴƣֻ»ѡ
ͬʱطһͨ콣ڴҲһ㶼ϲԻڣԱֶγˮļһڳˣ
һʱ䣬âɱڡ
ĵŭѴ
ûС󷴵һȺԽ֪Խ֪
궯ķΧУѰһˣȻ߳󣬺䣬ƽȴ쳹ؼ䡣


1285 ɱͥŲ
С
ط˵ĿˣʦڶȻ׼ȴûϵͷڹѰ˴Բѣ
Ѱ֪ں˭˵
˴ȡ
һЩǿҲطԣҲһλ콾ǰʮĺˡ
Ǳ׵Ĺâڣطս֮ǿԳͨ콣һ
ڣѰȴΪС󡭡
ͨ
˾㤵鷢ˣѰжǸղźȳѰһͨ콣ڴˣӰһ
Ϊеģϧ
СӰ֣ɫᡣ
ȫž۾ֱˣһԲϾͿɱˣ
Щͨ콣ڴжһɫ΢䣬뵽Ⱦ£ᷢ飿
Ͼž˭ĸ˭ͨ콣ڣ
ǺôĵӰ
طɫÿ¡
һȺ׶ǰȴǰ۵ҿɲǡ
Ѱɫƽ
ʦ֣ӲⱣ޷죬ϻ̳֣Ϊã
һŮɫȻ
ۣ
һΣѰˣ˲ƣָһͼŮѩ׵Ķ쾱ͱ飡
ǸŮˣ˽֪Ѱڸڣɿ֪ܲǾͲ֣Ϊһֱǰ
ʱѰӰѷԭء
ȫĪһٿѰʱĿȫˡ
Ѱ˵ĻҲ͵ʶǰ˵һϢǼٵģΪ̵ܹҲ֣
콾һ޵аĴڣ·ס֣
ЦԸ㣬ʦ֣ܶ
طˣ̤λͬȥױŭ
һɿֲޱߵɱ֮ɢ籩һزڡ
ͨ콣ڴ˾һҲչжϢɱѰ
ֻǣһѰĿȴɲϲ޲
ɱ
һȣѾõطٿȻͻգɱ
޿ɣطǿӵгĽԲزΪϾžУҲλаεһСͷ֮һ
Ľ͡ҡԵǵƣѹȫΪ֮ɫ䣬¶
һ֮£ѰӰȴƾʧ
ۣ
һ̣һͨ콣ڴ˱ɱʺһĨ̺죬̵ѪˮȪˮ
һȻģΪ

УһƬ궯ط棬Ǳŭѵɱ
ɱ
Щͨ콣ڴҲۣȫԸ
Ѱͷ·ûиܵһУɫƽӰãƻʵ쵽˼ز
УһĭĲӰ
ۣ
һǿ߽նѰռøҪУȴȻֻ֣ѰһӰ
ã
пһ͸оǰһڣӲŤϣ궼顣
Զһڹս߻ֱð׹ߡ
֮ѰͥŲǰݺƽƫƫأۺεȹ޷մȾ
֮أֻһصʬ
Ѱɸһս
طĿѣϢȼҪߡ
ۣ
δ£һͨ콣ڴ˱ɱѪˮȾա
ѰӰʧ٣
ԶԶȥǳеѰӰȴ޷˱ϳһ
ԭֻһٶ֮죬Ѵﵽ׵ĳ̶ȣ
˴ǰͨ콣ڴˣԼĪнʮսŸձƬ̣Ѿ˱ɱ
ÿһɶǿԶһĳپ
ѰĴ£ȴ߹ƾ׸
ǵѪޱȵһĻĻðеǿ߶ѴǣΨۼףλħǺεֲ֮ȫóݡ
ۣۣۣ
ʱУ½һ߾ʬأɫԴŷŭȻʵɫ
ǸԸɱ

Ϊȫ͹ѰĿ£
ʱѰһֱǱ飬˱Уȡ˲֪ٵΪꡢľҲһֱڲϾΪϣڳĽپԲز
ңڤӵԪͬʱͲ
ʱִ̫ҲԲزͻҲʱ顣
ϣѽȥ޻ءһʽеİɣ
ֻɣǵѿɶ컯ɾ
֪׶Ծʱֻȥ޻ء֮һɵزѡ
ڴ˵ʱ򣬱˵ɱһĳͷǿ羳ȥɱԼΪߵĺˣҲⲻ
˵طĺܲɣҲǵù
Ϊȫ׼ȴûи֮Ѱѷǰǰɱȣ
ȻԭڣʼգǸͲţѰ׷ɱס
ţȻ׵͹֣ѰԣȻҲͳΪһ֪޴Ϊ
Ѱ⵨СųΪβһս
Уط˻ƣѳɫŤͷŭȼա
һһͬŵ£ζܺܣ
ϧʼգѰ

ڣ˳ܲסȴ־ݻ˶־һУͷӡ
ˣġ
в˭ֿܻԴУ
ۣ
ӳһһܵӰͱնɱѪк籩
Ѱһۡ
еǿߣһǿŻĳ嶯ѪһĻĻ̼ɸ
̫ˣ
綼ڵȴѰһȻˣֻܹڸķ粨
ڣǲףѰˣʼգûЩУ
ǲϽģǣЩϲ֪Ҫȥ룡
ҽС̵ֻ˻Ѫˮʬ׹صڳн֯һѪɫĻ档
ĶǣĿģ
Ѱ㡭
طһֱ۾Ѫŭ񣬿ɴʱȴȻֹ
ΪУֻʣһˣ
ѰһԺңңǰС
ط͵һһǻŭͺ类һˮˡ
ʶһ⣬ԼʵǿȥֹѰĵزֺ˻ҪѰԼһս
ףսѰ
֮ǰһ˻γһε֣

ѰĲأ죬ŲȴŵķΧУ˶УӵƮ
طɫòۼѰһһѹϢҲ֮ӿҪϢ
ûһ̣طǿҵظܵϢһĨУüޣ
ŵһʶصһ
һȴʯ쾪Ϊ֤δ֣طѾ
ղŻһδνҪѰֵ龰ٶԱڵģ˽Բһ㱡
ħ񣬶ǿ󵽽ƾƣѹطλ콾ǰʮľ



1286 Թ
һ¹Ͳľֻдˣ߶ǵ֮Ѿ޸ġ

һӣطǳɫ߷
ˣ
һκλ֤ʵѲη塣
ɱ㣡
ط汩ȣ׷޷һ㡣
˵˺һһĪĳ裬ܵĴ̼޷ǡ
ৣ
һѤƥĽӳϯǬ硣
ֻǣЩעͽ͡
Ըһ۷״̬ط棬ûѰһЩֶΡ
Ըһɥʧǵط棬Ѹвԡ
Ƭ̣ط޳ն֮ɱͷ­ʿԪ
УѻȸȺ۽Դ͡
ͨ콣һھǿߣڽձѰһһĨطλ콾ǰʮĹŴ̥Ҳ
֮ǰ˭޷Ԥϵġ
˿̿ųѰ˳ȾӰнԸֳһͷ
֮Ͼž˭赲ħ֮

һ죬ڴսϢɢϾž䶯
ͨ콣ˡ
һЩꡣ
Ϊͨ콣ٲȻһ˸ǵİ˭Բâֻ˱ᡣ
ڣһжѱòͬ
ˣѰ֣һսɱͨ콣һǿߣԳ޵аս
ȴٳٲ֪Ϣܼȥ
һЩ˾ɲ
ܷ׵ĸԣܴ裿
綯֮ʣٲȻѳΪһ˸ҿ
Ϊ֪Ѱǧھޡ
ңҲ屻֪ڴˣ·һֱȴ
̬һεƣľ
ɳϣʱƣһֱ֡
˺أ»ָֻҲǰԼΪ޷ڶʧܡ
ΨѰʱڣͱָ׻ˡ
϶Ψֵ׼ʱײŻ³˵ҰС
ʱ׾֮ע̫Զ

ɽ޼ӣ겻֪ꡣ
ʱţ޵ߣǷӣ޿ġ
νãԹͣĪˡ
Ѱط쿪ʼѾȥһʱ䡣
һʱϾžѪȵɱ¾ᡣ
ް԰սгû䡣
ҲԭԵľһ֮ǰϾžע
˿ޣЦʧ⣬˵⣬ֱϣ𣬽Ͼžš
һϲҳ
һ콾ǰһٵҲĿٶȱ任ţĿϾӡ
ͷô죬㷽ҵǳ
Ψǵһĵλһֱ˺
ͬѰ֣Ҳһֱ콾ϳֹ
һУҲ޹ѰϢ
Ϊһֱڸڱչء
һ꣬Ǿ֮ٹŻĵ꣬һ֮Ҳֻʣ²ʱ䡣

ޣ׹ǳɽ
أһıãָֻǰĿռźƽ
վǸһƬպͲĴ֮أ˭̻ġ
һļս쳹
ͼһƥĽն˺ѣ䶷ţɫ䡣
һӨѩĶдУںѵĿֲս
ϸȥһͦӰڳɱڷƮ¶һ忡ӡ
ӰӲӣ貵ĵ⣬һڴԨมû˻ġ
ˣѰ
Ķ֣һѩ׵ιǺǣֱ罣ÿһӡŽâ
սʱÿѰɱݻǺͻĽӳ֮ͨǿƥ
⣬һ߽ʥǺ
ŷӷ˵ǡ޹еһλʥŹǣϹλʥΪɱˣԼҲˣǧʱλʥҲʹԲţȻš
ɴˣ֪⽣ʥǺǰǺεǿһλڡ
ʬأµĥʴҲüһ˿ǺӡĽҲĨ
ֻ߽ʥǺΪѰĥİӡ
䣡
һĺǽʥǺڲһ˿б𶯵µļ
ϣ
ҲڴʱѰ˶УĬĬ˼⣬಻£Խ߽ʥǺ壬ӡµ
һѰΪҲͻͽ
ѿ١ѡپԲز
սѲ츲صı仯
ϣյԶز
Ҳ񻨾۶ļǰ̶ȣΪΪ޷ͻơ
񻨾۶֮ϣǡ⡱ʥ֮ʥľ磬ɬѵĿǰѰܹ
ˣ۳ڣѰ֮ǿԶ˾Ⱥۣ
ΪԪһΪڲͬ
ˣɱˡ
һǰմʥָѰһٽ롰֮ͨ
ﺳűű䣬ʩչԪնָͨ
վ绮֣롰֮ͨĵ֮ز
һϵеɱ䣬һıչв
ܹ֮˶ʱͻƣؼҲĲá
˱ʥõѰʱԼ˴ʱ;

˿Ѱ뿪Զһ͸ӰٿȻ
ˣѶɹپ
СֻǣСһޱȵӢϣ˿ȴ˷ܺϲá
һСĽҲ١
ۼԶԶѰҪ֪һһ̤ĳ
ټĿֲ츳羳ɱȫٻ¡
ѰʵһܵСϮɱҲȫԸ

Ѱ⣬ʱΪСҪķʱ;ȥΪСѼɹ׵ı
Щ꣬ȫѲˡ
ΪСӵжҵͣĵ;ͬƶأҪԼȥ
Ѱﲻʲôæ
ˣǺʱ뿪˵أ
Сʵ
ٵһʱ䡣
Ѱţ˵ʱѴСǧ
߽ڣһЦ𡪡
첻ңӲʮ˷ʯ̵ͼеһ˿ˣ
ϸ
ѰһҲпϸʹһкһˣ߽϶ǧصĴ컯ʮ˷ʯ̵ͼС
Ҳڽգϸ˵Ϣ
֪ϸһᣬʶͨŽ񣬶Ҳ򵥣˽಻˼
ȴķһʱ䣬ŷ֪һ컯ص֮
ϸʹΪָ˶ѪŬ
ûгɣѰҴϵʮ˲㡣
ͼϸʹһ𣬽۾⣬ޱȵضһǽϵʯ̵ͼ
ģֱһλճԡ˵ɫжһĦȭƣ
ʲô֣
Ѱ߹ȥʵ


1287 
ǽϣʮ˷ʯ̵ͼвͬе׭ź쳾̬֮еǽħ֮еǺӵɽӸ֮еǡ
ÿһͼĪ⡣
ѰҲоҲ޷в
Ѱãڱȷظ㣬Щʯ̵ͼڣŵطУ
ϸͫӲӣɷ˷ܵ
˵ţһָǽϵһͼ㿴ͼɽӸǺӵһưܡ֮İأʵڴͼġľڣЩʯУ
̽һָ˳׭̵ͼĺۼ
ܿ죬ѰͶݣΪϸָճĺۼƴǡһжѵĹּ
ɱģϧͬų
һʣһִ̲С
Ҳ𣿵򵥣ҪҺʹϺںķѪоһʱ䣿
ϸԵúܵ⣬ĭɣһּΪϹŴģӡĹ켣һһ⣬һֻȻɰĵƺۼ
ƣ֣֮ӡϢ
˵ţϸָһһЩ̳¿ٸ֪һ¡
Ѱʶӳʯ̵ͼϸָʵĹ켣ʱһĻľˡ
ʯ̵ͼУһʥ֣һӰؼ䣬ɽǺӵ
ͬʱһֺׯ쳹ɱģϧͬų
£ͼ֮ڣһʯ̺ۼۣһӲӵķķţʥԡ
Ѱкݺһ𣬴ǷķиܵһּĴϢ
ֻǴеһ֡
ϸ򿪿ڣָ£ʱһʯ̵ͼʱָ֮ǰģ
ٿһʯ̵ͼеİֲͬҪӳеͼ֮
һʯ̵ͼҲͬİҪȥƽ⡭
ϸϲһһΪѰ
֮ʮ˷ʯ̵ͼڲصȫͬҪòͬķʽƽ⡣
Ѱͷ綷ࡣ
̫Ӻͻɬˣ
ϸʹ񣬶ܹһʱУʮ˷ʯ̵ͼеİһһƽ⡣
񣬴ƽʣµʯ̵ͼ⣬ڣԽһ컯ƽ
ϸӣ˼ѪƵģڴ
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼվһʯ̵ͼǰħ㣬ɫרעһ˿һȻҵӡ
ʼգע⵽ϸĽ̸
ˣˣɵöռһЩ
ϸ
Ѱһףһӡƿϸ򣺡ϵˣ°ɡ
ϸٺһЦҲ
һһֱڸڣϵҩҩͺĹ⣬ȫѰϲɼ֧š
ǳپǿߵĿգԽߣԽӴ޳Դ֧ţעõǰ
ѰĿǰһ㡣
ڸ֮أԸ⣬ԻȡԴԴϵ

ڣտɲ򣬱ֹġ֮ء硰ء
ˣһЩͬƹͲ
һѰ㼣̤УһΪѼһЩԴѼ
ħߡ
λڸһǵİ׹ǳ֮¡
ǿѨ֮ڣ⼫˿µԪżɷÿҹͻƥħ˻֮쳹˲
޵߶ԣһɰĴ׵طײ㡣
Ѱԣȴһռѵĵط
ಣ
һ죬ѰƮȻӳһУǻƮ׹ǵĳٿȻֿ¶һ繵ֵĿ
ڣںڵԪżɷڣɢֲϢܹһлꡢԹצ˻УɢϢ
ɵѰתؼžɢׯʥķʱЩ֮ܵŰ㣬ֻӴܡ
ͣ
Ѱʩչȶ֮һץһڲڿգһתͼһ粻ܿư㣬׷ױ벧ڡ
ǡƳˮ
Ƭ̹Щͱȡһա

Ѱ߷ڵԱȡѡһƴ
ԽԽˡ
Ѱۣ֪ûһµطˡ
һÿһʱͻǰħһˣΪľѼ
Զ׼ħеĲлԹʣ޼
ಣ
ûе飬ѰƮȻȥ
뿪ħûãѰ½ȥһЩѱ͸ʵĴոһһ
ţ
Ѱմ㷵ظʱȻʲô̧ͷԶ
һֻѩ׵һĨ㣬Զδ£㹧ڣֹӣҼѩ档
һͷüȸһּ亱ݣһ˿Ѫ츳ݡ
ѩҺ£
Ѱʵ
Ҽ˵׾ڵŵصķӡͻֹ᳹ǰһ̽ʱִǰ׾ʱֻƣҼ˱ǰӡ
üȸ˵ţһչһ鵭ɫƵݸѰ
Ѱƣлˣȥˣ˵ҽʱȻᵽ
ৣ
üȸչȥӰ磬ܿʧ
ꣿ㹻ˡ
һѰ㷵ظء

º
䣡
һʢƥĽ£һ߽ʥǺȻأһصķɻɢ
ԶѰɫΨһԺһ˵â
սһʽУѱɵز
˽һᾡ컯֮ܣԾ춯ء
Ҳ죬Ѱӭ١ҵѡ١

һ죬糱ѹѹǸϿգǬ֮䣬ѹֵϢ
׽ٽ٣绡糤ߣؼ䣬һ׹ǶѳɵĴɽ촷ۣĩ
ҵϣе;Ͷ
̤;ǿߣԼҵϡ
ޡȺáһЩ飬УԻữһҵϣμǱʶС
٣Ե޵֮ҵϡ
νҵ粻ɱ֮ƽѶ
ҹѰֲʹգնɹ˽٣ɱ
׸ֵһǣ˴ҵѣѰŷ֣ԭеЩ֪Уۻҵϡ
εһֱԼע
׵ĺޡԾѵΡ԰³ĵǡ֣ʵԿ
Ѱ٣ƽ⣬У
ⲢһȴնҵϣƳԺУͲӰ쵽Լĵ;
ɹ˽٣Ѱֺķʱ䣬ŽΪȹ̣Ϊһλʵĳپߣ
ڲǰʱֻǳĽپΪѡ
ʱ䣬س٣вɱ䣬Ƚٶȣ̸϶ྪףҲԲˡ
ѵõǣѰÿһߵĽʵޱȣۼ֮ۺֻ֮ͬҲ˿ɼ
Ҳ֪֮սϾžںεˮ׼ˡ
Ѱ䣬˼⡣


1288 ֤ʱ֪
ǰʱ׷ɱһ·֮Ѱӭ˳Ľ١ѡΪͻͽ
һʱУ½ͻƳ١ѡ١ҵѡ
ԱǰĽٶȣʱڣѰսɱ֮죬ٲȻԴﵽһ۷嶦ʢ״̬
Ǻ
һϾžлȡԵ컯йأһҲ;ܲɷֵĹ
Ѱ۵ĵк͸ʵڹۺ;ˣΪͻҲѸޱȡ
ϣ
ӳˣǵȷϢն˺ѿһѷ죬͵
ңлɬĵͼ֣ɢһԾʱʥϡ
Уһֱ¯УϴƷҲԽһء
ԭһѰ䵱ԼʹгһѰܹʥƱҲɱΪһѰıʥ
Ψһ鷳ĻڣвģɱΪʥȻҲǼ򵥵顣
ֵһǣǵĹѨУѰõ𣬳֮⣬Ÿĵ
ǰϸʱѰѽһյƵġϸ
ġ޳˴
ڻɫߵġŵ𡱺ͻһϻġϻ͵𡱣ѰֱԾѡ
ʣµġ̵³

磬
ڣϸ򼤶ôУˣڳˣ
ѰһУ𣬵ִ︡ʮ˲ʱͼǽϣʮ˷ʯ̵ͼʧ
ȴһӲӵķķתʥ嫣͵ĹƮ
һɲѰ۾һִʹĸо㱼һƬʥĽԱһԡ
⡭
ѰݣЩʧ
ǸصԵ
Աߣϸ˫üɫ裬ϲ֮Ա
㿴һнɫģĴ֣ǵܻƶϣϹλʥעһλӵϴǻ۵ͨԸ죡
һп겻ѡ
ʱ䣬ϸһѪʱȫķƽʮ˷ʯ̵ͼϡ
ƽţаǵȻǸпǧ
֪һּǺ𣿡
ȻùŹ
ϸĴЦҲȻֹǳ鴤ɫҲù졣
ѰȻ⣿ѵǴУ
ϸָһʥޱȵĽɫģ֤ʱ֪࣡
򵥵һ仰ȴѰһһλõʥ֤֮ʱȴԿ࣡
̲صʹȱѰҲдȻһ־ء
⸡ڣ۵İ׹ɽ壬ǱλϹʥѹİ˵ʬѰеľҲˡ
ͬΪޣزеһЩϼһλʥȣ˺ֹʮǧ
ЦԴоǶԵزµĳŪ
ϸʼָѰλʥʮߴطֱһзĵÿּڣֻӳЩģܸܵдС
סֻѡһ֣֮ǰϺ̰ģЩжȡܷɣ߻ħ
˵ʱԱߵĴҲһ죬ڨڨѡ
һõһĥĴУΪǹۡϺڻõһִľĴУΪվ
ϸɿ˵ϧǣ˭ôУֻᣬ޷Դ
ֻᣬζţϸ򣬻Ǵ»ôУҲ޷˽´ڸˡ
Ѱ˵ͷһϥأͷ񣬽֪ӿһеĽɫС
ɲǼ䣬һĺİ쳹
ѰֻһһߴķӰǿУɢ紫˵еװ㡣
һſǳǰ縡ƳС
ɵѰϸȥʱһӰȴ·Ƶģ١
ʮɫ𾭾ḡ֣̳¿ӳֳһвý֡
Щ֣裬ɻᣬԳ͵ϣ顣
ȥĦѰ֪ӹȥʱͷֳһ򡪡
ްģڲشǬֱͨҵ
Ѱ𶯡
ܳģȻʥԤȻ
⣬壬֮أֽ֮⣬ŭĿ֮١
⣬һͿֲ巨ţ
Ѱһ̶Щ嶯Ҫȡ˴С
ϣһֱھ۵УΨһ·һֱԹ
ǲģڹʥؾУùһʥһʥ巨ţ֮
ˣѰһֱЩѰ巨š
ڣһ⡱УҲһ䲻˼طѰܺӣ
һ˼⣬Ѱסˡ
ĿǰӵСʥٶһ巨ȫ˷ѡ
ο³Ĵߣʥδ̫롣
ӡ
Ҳ
ǹۡ
Ҷ󡭡
Ѱһһģ޷⣬ȴ˽⵽һвͬá
˵ѰĿ⿴ʮУ޲ǵһһص䣬磬ʥ˵ᣡ
һŴУȫȥˡ
ɶѰԣʮջҲĶѣ
ģ
ѡһȡһߴУڻõһ컯ˡ
Ѱȴͷ
ڳ侲֮ʶǰһԵ޵߷񣬵ϧҪġ
뵽⣬Ѱٿʮʱȫһû֮ǰĿĿ
УҪȡᡣ
Ѱԭܼ򵥣;ģԿΪãп޵ģޣҲҪУ
ΪγһռԽ࣬Խ࣡
ϣֽϡ
ΪãΪ
Ϊۣб
գѰһ̾
ܻȻԵȡҲֻᣬ޷ԴȻ޷תˡ
пܻ;ߣȥ
һ˲ϺѰľнһĥ
Եۺ죬ޱȵջԽĻԵԽ޷ܡ
ܹʱȻܾľ֮ƽߣмܹ쵽
֪ЦѰɵӲɡ
Ѱκκڡ
ĵ;ڲͬŽͬǰδ֮;ԵԼһǺľ
ֻǣѰʱԺкȻһׯζգ꣬ұӣ
쳹ġ
Ѱһ̧ۿȥʱͼʮӲӵķ𾭾ڴʱ˲˼ı仯



1289 ֮
ʮŲͬеķ𾭣ڻĽɫ֭ͭѰԾĿע£һɫ裡
ģǧһޣȴֻһ߸ߣͨӲӵģɣƮ͹ꡣ
ڷڣ򹩷һ࣡
͸ɫʣһŹ⣬ǰʢʹĿ
ˣ
ѰĿⴥһֻ࣬縴գһǿװɶŷһĿֲѹ
㱼䣬Ѱ·ٴοһӰ޸ߴ󣬼ǺķӰ
ֻΣѰӰ΢΢Լף˵ȣѣ
Ѱ𵴣ٿȥʱǷӰ
ѰսۣҲƺԼΪԼڵ;ϣǡͬʶޱָߵ֮𣬵ԡѡƣ
ҲʱѰ֪һЩͨУѡֵķжأ
ڴУ֮ͬΪѣ
ȻλϹʱġȡʥҲսһԼˡͬˡ
ʣԡѡơ
һ߸ߵķ裬˿ϺϢù׾֮
ڷڣһžӨ͸һ㷱ܵķķӡ޹⡣
ɱģƿ
һƺѰ쳹
֮һ轵٣Ѱ˫סһ˲һļֵ
֣֮ɽҿӡԡɱġ֮ӳּƿһ·

ڣһнӲӵķʧͬʯϵʮ˷ʯ̵ͼҲ
ֻǣ֪ѰܾȴлԵʱϸʹ۾һ׳յģ
ǲɵˣҺʹϺŻѪķһʱƿһ컯ȻҪ
ϸһŭ䲻ܻģ
ɵɵ
Ҳп
Ƕƨ
ѰشƵᣬҿ϶ԼһóһԻһʱۺ췢
ôоĳ˲õĴô
ϸɣѰʶôˣɲѰὫԵ³
Ҳػɡ
أѰ
ٳǸ뿪ˡ
Ѱæתƻ⡣
ȷˣģΪһԵķ˱һʱ;Ҳ֪Ͼžֱʲôˡ
ϸʱסˡ
ϸǶڸںķ˲ʱ䡣
磬ʱʲô
Ͼžʱ䣬Է̫飡
ԵȺԣ۲ÿһʱ䣬ͻʤҫǰ
ԤǰϾžעѱȫͬ
ˣ
Ȼʵ
֪Ѱ֮ԵȺڴˣΪĥΪսؼǣһֱڵȴٴγ֣
ˡ
Ѱҡͷȴζű
ɱףǰ³䡣
񣬾ѩʥŮԼֻʣʱ䣬⣬׾ڵġŵءӡֻѳˡ
֮ȥѰٵ³䡣
ڵ죬ѰǶ뿪˸ǰ׾

º
Ѱһг׾
𾳡ɽԲͬ׾ڵأһɿ񱩵֮
ɽʯľں֮У׵Ϣϣÿҹͻزõߣҹն˺ѣĿ
ȵطϵΪ̤㡣
ֱˣһ֮λֱ껵ǿռݣ
սǰһȺ޵ߣ۷׷ףÿϽд˸п
ϾžУÿһڽһġսΨͨս飬жϳǷʸ콾ϣܹ콾λжٵΡ
սԿɽвԡ
껣ݴһλ˲õĹŴ̥֮͵ҲһǰŽս飬һαһٵǶ׵£ʱͺ䶯Ͼž
ˣȷܿ£̶꣬ԣ˭ѣһ죿
ʵע⵽ûУڶǸС衯ŮӣҲ֮£һһֱԵһλãʤ˵Ǿ޾ס
ӣǿһ˵Ĵڣ
ϧһ׵ζڵλȴһֱ޶ԣĪڱչأ
ֹףħ伣ѾãϾžҫ۵ľ껡衢Ԭ졢ͥһȺŴ̥
ǹŴ̥콾ǰʮ֮УһˣǹŴ̥ѵǵ콾ĲЩϹžͳĹ̥
ϧħһֱ콾񣬷սӦǰʮɣ
ǺǣǰУڣû콾ǰʮ֮е֣඼ĺˣħǰʮ֮У
һǿۣȻûע⵽Զط۵ѰѲźۼڳС
ƣû֣֮˶Ʋˡ
ϸüŪۣ٩
ѰһЦ֮˼˵ǻţλ콾һ껣ҽŻʱ
˵⣬Ժв𵱳硰׹塱ʱһĻĻ
ʱĵ껡ݷһš֮ѡڣһʥ֮ˡ
йһ̸Ȼݣȴƾһǿҵֱ껴ˣһдǡؽ󡢴־׿
гһճˣעĬĬ
ѰжӦˣ껲ѣһ콾һϾž
⣬Ѱ⶯ݡ
Ѱ˽⵽껵ϸʹһ
ĵ壬٣ϹһްԵȺƿϹһǧȺǵ֮ġ塯֮һ
ϸķӦо̾Ҳиӡ
ߣܳƵϡ塯ֵģȻǼ򵥵Ⱥ֤Ⱥġߡ
ϧ֪ĵϹʱͻѣڶ̶һ䣬͸һգϾ¸УʷͼأѲ棡
ǴķӦƺνġ塱޺øС
Ǵ񣬻ϸɫһ֣࣬ѰĵĵϵᣬһǡݣǾһµĴڣҪСġ
ҶԴ˸й۵ǲ֮ΪѣȻٺò
Ѱ˵
˵СλҲĵġػ桱
ˣǿ˵彪ϣ
ѰȻʵ
ʦԼһɫҶ׹ԼԺл彪ʱǣ˽ȸ֮
ûС
ϸҡͷʾ䶼Ϲʱ˽鲢ࡣ
ǹڡ塱飬Ϲʱ飬ǳʱϹ¶ѹȥ˲֪꣡
ѰͷһʱʶĵζţϹʱѳ


1290 
ҿҲ򵥡
ϸȻڣղŵУԣŮһصıͼϸע⡣
ѪȸϹţԺɻˡ׻䲢еĿֲȺŮȷܾˡ

ѰڵһκʱΪ˶ȡһ顰Դһͷ׾ܺһͷ
ʱһڱףһɣһʥǻԣ׭Ż㡢ɽӡ˼ͼɢزãϢ
ļµǣ׸ϣһͼһǿգ
ֻЦԷǵǣ׾ܣǱ׵һԼŵɪɪ̶ֻӡ
лСʲôϷӡϷӵϢ
ʱ֪λ콾ڶӣһصıʱѰɣ⼫ȸһĴѪᣬ׾ܺػġ󡱣
ҿԬҲСخһᣬ£ʹ񣡡
ǰԵ޼ɣһΪ֮زҡһ䣬ܻɽɽѺ졣
ԣԬһͨ崫Уʥء
ԶۣһѰע⡣
ʥ
֣Ѱ⡰Ԭ족Ȼݷڹ桰ʥڵСӡ
ߣһλʥԳأ
ԭҲϾž콾ǰʮС
Ѱü
Ȼһ£ʥһʥģصҲʥйء
Ԭȴδ̤ʥǰ˷Ȼбش
лᣬҪдд裬ܷһЩ
Ѱа
꣬仯ȷ̫ˡ
ϸ꣬ʱӢۣһӳ䱯ã䣬ԺϾžش֮
ǺǡмͲϸһˣһ̫Щ˳ۡ
ϸֱ˴ĲмĿ⿴ѰˣҪҪȥһ£
Ѱһҡͷˡ
룬̫һ鷳
ɲߵﶼʱʱ̵̿عעš
껡衢ԬˣεҫۣϾžڹע֪ǱȻҲᱻĿⶢϡ
бףͿȡˡ
ѰԣȱĻᡣ
ȻҪʱҲȥչ¶һԼʵԴһЩС֮
Ϊβȥ
Ѱ棬ϸͷġ
ڱУΨеһ֮λңϧĿǰȥժͷΡ
ϸڵ
ҿ㲻ǲ룬ǲңһһ£ǰһˣǲŽж
񳰷

ϸ߳ŭ̧žͳȥ
Ǻǡ
һչٿȻڿնȥЦ޼ɵֳŪ̬ϸץ
ۼ޵ͣͰ³еһƴֹҺܼ
ףôֻЩϤ
˾С
ѰʱʶݿҪʶƣϸкҴҶȥ
˿϶ħ񣡡
뿪ûã˽еʱ꣬ٴ¶ټˡ
ħ뿪˸ѵ˴ҲΪŵе컯
˺档
ˣɾһ˭֪ŵУһӡµġڣѱǿ߰ѿأһﶼȥ
˵ڤӡͥЩɶһڣ
Ⱥۡ
ŵأǰ¶Ŀ˭Ҳû뵽ǻһڣ
˴䶯˲֪ǿ߸
µҲһʱ䣬ǵڣɱϣѪɺӣ֪˶ǿߵ
һЩУ޶
ʶ˽ĻǿߣʵãͲҿȥ±ǵȿɲѪɱС
ǰħɱһͨ콣ڴˣεǿƣҲ֪˴ֻ֣ķˣ
ڴ
Ҫ߹ǵڣǿƣһӣ˭ȥ˭ꡣ
Ц

ŵأλ׾һƬ֮ڣѰҡ
һ·ϣѰһ̽˽⵽ŵصϢ
û뵽ǣŵصķӡǰþѳ׽
ǿ߶ѸŵгһڣΧ
ڣⲻܣ̤۾ģɶʥ֮ϵĿֲڴˣ
֪ЩϢϸʹЩɲ
ߣһԶʥ֮ʥ֮ţһ£죡
ѿƲ࣬ͬ٣Ԥ٣¶ѽĥ
һڣ
Ǿ͸˼ˣ
ڣ٣ֻİ³Ƿ
Ѱü
Щֹۣŵصķӡǰǳŵеνڣֱǿ߰ѿأһȥע鷳

һɲ֮糱ˮ㣬˷ؼصţ¡¡
ͼԶؼ䣬ӿĺǬ֮䣬貳ʢ׵裬ɢϢ
ݲ֮ϣմȾϢУӿ˿˿Ƶâ绡ͷƤ顣
Ϊ˵ǣԽԽֲ̬ͬ˸ڡ
˾ȣ
ѰǵԣһĻҲһطһ֮أ
ŵأλ
ȥʱѰŷ֣Уһ׺·ͨһƵģ⡣
Ѱǽ԰һ˵ʵЩ·ĵӣҲðȻ̤һ
ɱ籩㣬Ǭ֮䣬ɢϢɱ񣬼ֱһҲûʲô
ǰ϶ûЩ·ģӦΪŵصķӡ׽Żᵮһ޵߽еĻᡣ
ĥ
Ȼ
ϸͷ
ȹȥִŵغѩʥŮϵܷõһЩϢ
Ѱϡ
ϸʹһ߽һ׺Ƶ·
ž
¡¡֮У׵ɽк£Ҫ˾
ڸһǰ׺Ƶ·ʱͻᱻһεĽƵ
Ѱ԰Ҳһ⣬Ծ
ȥޱ޼ʣ֪˶ٷԲĴأҲ޷֪Щεġ
ңԽ֮ԽԽܼ
ѰǻԾؼ伤ĹУֳһӰεš


1291 ε
ǵ׵Ϣе飡
ϸһͫӲӣʥһζϣñƷһΣ
ٴ⣬Ψʥ˲ܽɱǡ
񾯸
ѰҲȻѡ
飬׵Ϣе壬֮Ҳֲ֮ʥ֮£֣
ϸȥһӰѲ߮ױеϢֲޱߡ
ҵǣֻҪ׺Ƶһ·ϣ㲻ݵĻᱻ鶢ϡ
СЩͨŵص·ֻһݷǰ·͵Ϯϡ
Ѱѵ
˵⣬Ѱüëһһָ
ˣ
һµָӳɲǼʧ
ǧ⣬һĽУƿտҲʵһԡڻɬϢеĺݷǡ
ĸ֪УѲڽǲһĨ̵ɱ
Щ죬ڴϮɱ˶ǿߣһʺơ
ţ
üкȻӿһĨ
ɻӦһƥָƾո֣
ۣ
һɺѪŽɴţɵڵء
üģһѪܵĿ
ûãѰǳִ˵أϸֽںѹһüЦһĴ
СԽɱ˲ǿߣˮ㲻ϸЦһ䡣
ղõʲô
һԾѰǧɣջɱһĽپľöԷӦҲ̫ɲ
˵Ҳ
Ѱڵ
һָԶ족
ǴָУ˼壬һָһ۵˲ԶԿɸսɱ
Ѿǣռ塱á
ȻѰʥտռҲֻáԶ족֮ޡ
ɼˣҲ˭ֵܵ
֮𾪣һָȻһֿռ֮
ǰУһ·ϣʱһЩǱ·ϵǿߡ
Щǿ߽ԾͨǱ٣еܹıӰɳӰ˷ʤ
ϧѰǿֲʶ֪£ǽΣһһɱ
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һһΡɽãϣÿһɽԳֳͬ
еͨ죬ȼڵϼبؼĴ¯
еɣɢĿĽâɽʯľ絶ɱ֮ǵء
еѩѻɣ˪Ʈ̹ǰ㺮䣬նһơ
еġ
ȥһɽͬļתн棬֮֮ϣ׳˼
⣬ŵأ
ģ컯㣬Ȼȸ컻ذֶͨΣֻʥ˶԰쵽ɣ
ϸ̾
ڴУƷͬĴϣĪ档
Ŀ档
Ѱӻóһƣָһ飬ͬʱһĨӳʧߡ
ѩʥŮ
Ƭ̣һٻӰԶԡʥıѩУڷƮҷѩʥŮ
ֻǣһѰѩǲ¶һĨЦ֣б䣬ǵڣǰΧ£Ҫı컯ֻ»ѡ
Ѱ׼ͷҴֻΪѰˡ
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Щ֪ٸѶΪڣڵĻᣬǲϧ֡
һʱ䣬ǵڣÿѪϣ˲֪ǿߡ
ΪڣдԵ飡
˽Դ㵵ǣ˭ƾʩչεֶΣҲԿһڣ
ϵǣڸոգ˶˼νڣʱȴǵڣڣ߳һӣ
˭Ҳ֪Ǻʱڣģ˶ʶǵڣڷӡ컯ܾͱõ
˺εģ
⣬Ѱ̲סʵ
ѩ˼һ۾ӣɢŰϢųپΪһǿǿߣ˵Ҳ˵ãȺΧҲ޾ɫɱ˲ٶ֡
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˵ʱѩط֣ѰϸɫЩԾ

Ѱʵɫƽ糣ֻУѴһ˿ơ
ѵ
ѩһƲ³ʲô
˵ţӰһǰ·
ѰǽԽȥ
ǰ³
ѰϸнЩ
ǵڣǰ֪ٵĸΧǰ³һˣɿǶ֣
ûãأԶȻһ춯صѰһܵһ
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ͼԶߣһ״Ŀն飬һĩհľ
ǳ١ҵѡ
ѰǰòŶɹ˽٣Ȼһ۾ϳǣѡ֮ضɽ٣Ͳ¶ɽʱ˸ţ
ģǰ³
أϸ򼤶ͫ磬żԶͿ֮£һӰڷǰ³
׳գѡʱɽ٣òǱɱ;ĩ·òƴһɽȡһɣ
ϸɫò
ߣ
Ѱһ
ˣǵѣɾʹˡ
ѩʥŮ𶯣ǺǸа³ˣѱֶţ͵ȶȡϻõ컯أ
ѰʱϹȥֻ·ǵȲˣܵ˵ΧֱѰ·ûʲô
λ侲临Ӻա
ѩʥŮѡ
ףЩ飬֪ΪҲΪ֮
ѰԴǾȻɡ
㻹ԶһЩⱻǸһģĻǿǻⲻȥġ
ϸЦֻǣЦȴԵЩ
ɵӣûŪôżȥιιιȵҰ
£ȴѰϸȫǰ壬ʱһΣֹķˣ
䣬ҲӰһȥ
ѩʥŮһȥ·ǶԣȻǵɽ𺣡ɭҲһüͷ
ݣͷĪЩд·ϣ빲εյһǰУǺεһ£
һѩʥŮҲȥ


1292 ·ߣɱ
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ĿĽٲ㣬кɽһƬѤãֲޱߡ
³ԡѪС
Զ֪жǿ߻ۣΧµˮйͨ˿Ҳһȴ
ÿϣڴܡ̡ɫ
ΪҰ˰ļһϣԵڣ컯
ڣ
֣ʥ˳׷
֮ǰҰ˱شͼɽһδҲ̫Ц֮ע
ԶһƵɽۣ֮һִȣΣЦģ˵Ļȴǰ㺮䡣
Ŀ⵱ʱ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ͥ
һλһĹŴ̥ǿһ볤پλ콾ǰʮ
׼˶ɽʧʱһʱ佫£
һ࣬һӰģսףǹ°ӵţȴܿһ֮ء
ΪϣɢŨɷɱԵ˵Ѫʬɵơ
Ŀ⣬ëȻеޱȵѹ֡
ڤӣ
ǰѰɱֻʣһƲлѣѻָսǰǿɲˡ
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Աߣһʵ
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͵һЦȻǰ˻һŷϾžֻ콾ǰʮ֮жҲȥֺξ
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ͷţȾ£˭Ұˣ˭͵˭Ҳ޷ı䡣
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ȻڣһԶ·³ӰĲƣǱƥԿҪֲסˡ
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֪пвϾžĺ򣬻ƣֱ
˲ţ·ǰãҪĸļһˡ
ۣ
һ̣ͼֲں󷽵ȺУȻһܼѪ籬Ž
󣬵Ӱݽ㣬屬ɣһĿĵѪɫ·
޿赲
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꣡
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Ѱ
ԶڤӻȻ̧ͷɺзһĨƥâѹĵԹ޿ҪƲסˡ
ʱ޿̶˵Ѱ׷ɱʱܴ裡
Ѱ˸ߣǹ鷳ġ
ͥһУǵЦңңѰü䲻΢΢һ塣
ȻˣѵΪУȥǸҰˣ
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Աߣһߡ
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ڴ˵ĴţǶ̫࣬ʢ֮ʿһݽɫɱܲӣ
ЩĿ⣬ѰȻʼգͣ£³ɽٵĵط
ɫûи鲨
ѰҪʲôȻ컯Ҳýһ󵽰ɣ
һɫѰǰ·ľʹÿʶݳ
ৣ
شģѰһָ
ɲǴ
ͼǻ˲䱬飬׷ɵѪƮնȾ졣
ͫȻһ̫ˣһ仰˵ҪֱҪɱһѪ·
ǻӿһλ̤㳤پľĳ䣬ڣȴΪ·ͱѰһָĨɱ
ѪȵһĻڳˡ
Ѱ飬Ͳŭ
һ翰𣬺ң޷Ϸλ
ۣ
ֻǣ䣬ԶȺУһǿ߱еһĨѩĶĨɱ
ԭѰǰ·һЩǿ߽Իʶ˳ÿһ·
ҿסһҰһģҰ˵ģ
أһ
ǹһղѴӳе֪³Ѱѡ
һ仰ʯ쾪ȫǿߵɫˣѰĿҲòһһĵ⣡
֮ǰǶΪѰ컯ģ룬ǻĿģ
˵һ仰ѰΪʸ֮ģȫУ


1293 ӭս˷
У
еĿ⣬òƣɱ
㿴Ѱɣ
һǷһĨ⣬һ仰ȫַƣҲܳ졣
ɵѰˡ
üЩŭ֮ǰ߹һ³ѰĹϵѰһ׷Ҳϡ
ǺܲѰΪеġ
ڷɽʱѰһεȿµĽɫȻɿܻɵģ
һΪȻЦЦһ˶ѣʲôֵùǵģ
ٶԣУѾһֽޡ
Ѱ˻ģ
һϮ۵İͥˣĺģ쳹ؼ䡣
еĿҲѰ
գȻš
ͺñһȺǶһͷڣȴһͷҪһἤŭ
ѰûЩͷ֮һɽٵӰһ³ҰĶɽ٣ڣ˭Ҳ޷˿
ƽȻ
ȻһˣǣȺǰ̬һ򵱹Ī֮ƣ
УȺɫһɱ¶һ仰ǳףѰǾ˵ģ
ǶЩţħΪƾԼһˣܺǰ棿
֪ⳡǿǧ֮ڣһЩϾžķ
ƾһˣˣ
̫ǿЦ
磡ҡ
֮£³Ȧ죬ѱپ飬ɴʱȴһ˵ļӿȫ
֮ǰѱűľģиҲԸ˵õϵĻԵ
Ѱĳ֣һʼѼ⣡
˵ˣרĶɽ٣գ˾һҵҪ˭κֵܣ
Ѱڷ磬ɨȫһεĿֲϢҲ֮ɢһطɫ䡣
˺һϣɫ΢䡣
УϾžеྪƥİ껣ӣԬȵȡ
˭ֻħ
кϢֻҪ֣Ȼһ籩
Ѱһ֮ڳȺΪУԵûЦԾʱȻɱ˭ұ֤ԼᱻѰ汳
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ĲѰϢĿ¡
ңǰǳپѰɱóĽپڤӲ̶ֻӣսָǺεȿ£
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ѰƳһۣɫͥҲˡ
գҲҪ°³
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ڤҲģսУɱ졣
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Ѱɱ䣬ըףóвǿ궼һ¶ǰֱðǡ
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ڤӴˣҪǹʱ䣬ҵֻһ֣Խѹ
һ

ԶѰɫ䵭ָ̽һ㡣
Զ죡

ֻһָƾո֣ռŲư㣬۵һʺһѪ
Ԫ˲䱬飬
һָ֮˲ɱһλǿߣ
һĻˣͬʱɫ䡣
ǰͥڤӡЩ˶Ƥһɫ΢΢أԼӭȥƽһС
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ӷɽ磬ٵϾžЩָͷ㣬պյľħ£
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ڣ̲סˣһ񽣣ֱնѰ
һ֮ʢᴩأǬ
ɲ̽ԹȫԸĺһԵƥ
ϣ
ͬʱӳӨѩһĨðĹ⣬һ¡

̶ײ쳹ۿɼһ񽣱˰ɳȥ
ͬʱһǿ߻ģܷɡ
һ꣬԰¹һһµĹ̥λ콾ǰʮ
ɽһǵûռˣ˸
òһζݣȻѣҪ֪콾һЩǿ߶ѱ괵ȥһЩĺȡ
֮һɡճѰܴ죬βԾ
ħֲˣ
ĺ
λټȥˣһɣ
һ˴ȣһĨ⣬Ѱ
һӰڲӲеӣͷһؾӨ͸Ķǣתصķš
ʣһλǿĽɫ
ϸ򣬴ڣǰб³ɱУ
ѰӰͨȼհ㣬һ¯Ѹ硣
һȭ
¡
رҡ
һȭֱǿ󵽲˼飬̫ɽƲ񷣬Ĵʢֲ˼¡

ѰӰͷǵӽȭֱӻ˷˵ı۰򣬿ɲȭӣ嶼ݻը飬Ѫʲϡ
̫ˣ
Ծƥһֱӽһλ̤ͬ㳤پľشϵ
ɱ
ֳӰӲͬɱһ𹥻Ѱ
ˡ
ѰֳһڴԨ뷨ǴԨת㣬ɢֲޱߵû
һйͱԨĥ
⡭
ʧ֮Ѱֱ򷨲֣޿ɺ֮С
ۣ
һȭŷվǿߣͷ­ͱֱӺ䱬ͷʬȻ׹ء
ͬʱѰȭָãɲǼ䣬ű䡢űָʩչ
ۣۣۣ
һʱ䣬Χǿߣ½ǿưԵػɱֽ㲻һһɺѪ㣬ؼ䡣
Ѱͷųǵ޿ƥаħ֮Ǭɫ䣡
̫ǿˣ
սʤ㣬ԡ֮Ѫؼ䣡
죡һϣ
У˴
˭ѰҪѪȵֶȺۣݿ˵Ķ־뾡ֹ
ʵǲԸΪеģϧ㵲Ե·Ա
һ̾쳹ؼ䣬ͥһϮۣڴ˿ڳ
üĿ磬ӰͦǹһɱҲ֮ӣؼ䣬նŤϣ縩׳Ƴ



1294 Ⱥ۲ ɱ
ͥˣ
УȺ۾һͥϾžĿİǿ֮һ
â֮ʢ֮Ӻգ֮ǰѰҲ١
츳ݣսݴţò˶ãҪߴγ٣
һλȻ˿ܡ
ʲôҲҸ˵ȴ󻰣
Ѱɫ͵һȭһǿߺɱѪˮУڿնɱͥ
̫ˡ
ͥɫĮУһһӣʱֳɫ磬̣޴ĥ̰㣬¡¡ѹն
֣
һֿɲĳзлۣĥǬѹ
ңתʱִѭϢ㣬
¡
ձݣͥһ֣ǵȰսȫ
Ѱɫ˷ת㱼䣬ӰһڴԨ
飬
Ȼôȥˣ
һ

ͥ򲻽Ц֮ϢһǾɱȻͬҲȫֿѰȴôֱǲ֪
ɵײһʱ
ַֻͥ·Уһֲĥ֮תٿȻ֮ͣǣƾγײ޷ǵȿֲĥ
⡭
ͥɫ΢䡣
ͬʱѰӰ͵һչ¡һԨȻţֱӽһִ飬Ĺһա
ԶԶȥֱӱɵһ
ȫĿֻ࣬ӰƵ˰ͥǿֲһ
ͬʱͥƺߣѪڣһɱƵҲһҡΣܷ
ɲӦѰɱȭŷ
䣡
շ·󿪵ķˮž޴ͼһ׾貵ȭƾո֡
ȭ̵⣬ǵذ㣬ѹȵⷽضڲܿƵݺͱ
ǿߺһϣһĿֲ
Ϊȭͨ
ӡƣ
ͥɫҲúޱȵأȼհ㣬ľˮִۣһӡһɽаεض
䡫
춯صײ쳹߽洦ɲĵϯɨǬ䣬ǿ߶ĵˣѪֹ
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ֱסʱɫѱò԰ף̲סȳһѪ
ٿѰӰͦ㣬˳Ⱦħ
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֮ǰͥһϳ˶ڴΪԺѰһϳ̡
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Ѫ
˶Աȣħ֮սǿ˺εȳ̶ȣ
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˵ҿʲôǿ󣡡
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ִսìģڤӣ
սڣɢɱ⣬ѣһ־һ
죡
̫ˣ
˭û뵽ڤպյѡ͵Ϯ⧲

һĽͼѰ󣬸ֳһȾѪĳ¾ɶƣ֮յصסһǹ
ҵܣ
ڤɫһѿޱȣðɡ
ϴΣѰɱֻʣһƲлӶݣͬʱҲһǱӡʥԪ
һ¾ɵȾѪƣΪͬҲһ˲õĹű
ֻǣڤȴû뵽ԼϮѰľʱ̣ǱԼıסˡ
òѪ
ʼգѰͷҲڤӣʶͥѱȥ
¡
ͥܽ⣬ȴɱƵƵܣܵÿҪѪ嶼ڲڣоһΡɽԿȫѹסˡ
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紫ΨԺħԾŻԼǶôСͲ
ǰͥš
ڣɲţ
ۣ
һȭ󣬰ͥ˱ɣڱѪȫ
ɱ
ڤٶɱսìһǧ籩¡¡ϯն˺顣
ͬʱλͬĺ˳
Ϊƾͥѹסħ棬һ
䣡
һҫƥһϮ۵ĹһˣɱʬɽѪľ֡
ৣ
һزĳƮ꣬ʥִ࣬һӲӵ޳ŮС
ˣ
һѩսգǵѪɫ̷𣬰ԵѪȣɱǬ
һ뷢ꪵĺӣ
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һеĹڴѰһˣ
ǵȾ󣬼ֱǾ춯أκ˸е
Ѱԭ;ɱƣҲܵɬΧһУ˷֮жսѱñ
ͥĶ֣ɵͰͥһĺݽɫһʱ㡭ֵܵס
Զ𣬿űΧѰҲһд
һһɱȷֻҲһܹѰġ
ɹؼǣ˭ҲʱѰˣ
һˣ̫ˣ
ЩڿǾҪҪҲ֡
ڰ³ϵ컯ʵѰеһľ
ܳô˻ᣬõԳԣҪȻһ컯ļֵҪ
Ѱ˫ȭѵ֣սǿΣλҪ
ҵɱУͥѻָƽ䳹ǣһΣǱɱѰġ
Ѱǿðͥеһ˵вһѰţԺעҪʳѰ
ɱ
ڤɫɭȻɱ˴һֿޱȵ״̬
£ѰѹױΧа˾λĺһ֣һսѺԣѰ
ֵѣˣҲ飬Ǵ֮ݲ顣
㵲ҵ컯·ֻ
ǺǣҵУҲɱȫǰ֮ˡ
սУҲ׷׿ڣÿ˽ɫĮֺû˭ԸٸѰκĻᣡ
Ѱǿ󣬲ֹðͥе֮вҲǶľ͵Ũҵɱ
ʼգѰɫƽɣɫ䲻йһ˿
ȻΧУԵμ穣ЩǱҲɱȾѪպ˺ۣɲδʲô˺
ᡢĮԼһѰвһЦ
ûж˵ʲôҲԸٶ˵һ֣
ڵȡ
Ȳڰеĺݲȫ
ʱһϲͿǷܳסˣ


1295 ױħ
ħˣ
ԶȺ𺧣
һԾУѰԭ磬ѹȵð̧ͥͷڣѾױˣ
ֵģֻǰͥһˣжλͬĺˣѰһӴڱΧС
ǡޣ
ǴƣѰһ˾۵Ҳûʲô𣡡
˿ܣͲѰ
ѵãܹӵѰѣ֮ң˴ΣΪ˾ѣѰɿ
꣬ΪѰľٶݡ
һĳЩڶУڿԶΧأԡѪսһӰˡ
ҪҪ֣
һɱѰѰĻᣡ
硪
֮£³ŭĿԲͫ׳ѪڶɽٵĹؼʱ̣ĿѰ֮޶ԣ
ôһ˲޲ʲôˣȫɱȥЩʯ٣
³˻Ѱ͵һ֪ٵˣȻ³ܵţܻɽʧܡ
³רĶɽ٣һȺ߹ѣκβ磡
Ѱһڡ
˻һȴһЦѱپȥһɽټʧ֮ˣħʧķ
磬㣡
ϣ³侲һ˻ٲԶսһۣȫڶɽС
һǰδеĿ;ȻһҪɽٳɹΣ
˴Ѱѣģ¾еˣǵѪΪѰѳᣡ
ֿ֮ᶨ֮ǿңð³˶һּּ侲ľС
ߣֵϷ룬Ż
սУڤЦԼĳ
ɫҲĮƥ
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ѰɣһΣܾȵ㣬ҾһǿߣԸһϵ
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⡭
Χİͥڤӵ˽ɫһ䣬Բ˿ѰɢϢȸղǿһأ

Ҳͬʱһֱ뱻еѰ͵һȭ
䣡
յߵ
һʢȭʱռɢϢΪ֮һ

һĲҽѩսĺӣֱӱȭȫû
ͼͷ­ʼ˫ȵȵȣ籬飬Ѫ衣
ȭƥͷţգݳһ޴Ĺ֡
ȫһƬš
˶ĿɿڴһУɵˡ
֮ǰѰΧѹƣ䳡УڣһжƺҪת
һȭɱǿУҲ˺ѿΧĻ
ͥڤЩˣȻһ㲻ţѵ֮ǰѰһֱʵ

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䣡
һȭӳѹһֳֳ޵Ůӡ

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Ѱһȭ£еĳֽ㱬飬ϸǵսҲƣŶݣǳʢȭӲһѪ
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֮ŭսʥ㼫©뷨Աȫ
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1297 ˽˲
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1298 ·Ƴұ
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ڣʱѣһʢ㱻괵ȥʲôͼҵҰԻУ



1299 ȡ֮ ֮·
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ϸɾ֪ϾžУһЩ컯֮ؼѨˮħԨ͸Ĳȥȡ
ѰĿ䣬ƽ֮·ϣѲȱԵȱֻһ

֮ǰ꣬Ѫӽأڸŵ컯ͻԵΪҲͻͽÿһʱ츲صı仯
ٶȣ̸ϾףҲ㹻ˡ
ңĵ;ϣȱԵҲҪʲô컯ΨǷȱģһ価ĳ
ԵִڴˣԵľ㣬ĩã
е񾳽磬ѰһУĵһ̡
ıۣʹ츳֮һ֮ţҲעȻˣ
ףѰڵ;ϣԼҪʲôָʲô
ȡ֮䣬ΪĵḶ́
Ϻڣأ
ϸѰ̬ȼᶨ̲סʴ
Ȼһ̾˫Ḻүˣˣ⸡Σʤ˼һԵˣɽ֣ʱͻʱ۵񲻿գ
ϸͰ³뷭ۣһڣǱġ
³ô
ϸŤͷʡ
³һЦҸմۺ촹ѵĵڣȥĻԵ컯
ϸ˱ƵòѪ԰ôˣҰ˲Ÿոջһ˲õĴ컯
ȴ۾͵һѽǻʲô컯ǰһ׮컯𣿡
Ŀأ³ʱһܻӭľˣϾͲдˡ
ϸһ͵ػһ˷ܵһѱס³еܣڣڵ컯ɶˣ
³Цݷͷв׼ʱѱϸһһҼס첲һֲݾܾġȡ̬˷ɽϡ
ҵĺܣҸ˵˵ǵڣھЩʲô
ԣ³Ϊ˾㣬ˣүȻ󣬿йⲻȥҲһЩԵʲôһү
ޣղŲǽſ⸡𣿡
㲻үֻǸ³ֵ۵ѣ
үĵ
ԶԶأֻϸʹˣ³ˣһ±ơ
ѰˣȻҲⲽϡ
£Ͼžԣ޿ֻһն׵ʱ

ֵ꣬Եƣ
ʱ꣬Ѱϸ򡢰³ǲۣ˵ʱ̣ҲΨгܲȴʱ⡣
ƺȺ󣬰³ճܲסϸʹġʢЩľг
ԭڷɽʱ³ȥշת棬һ·ڻȡŵصϢ
ֱϾžͨ㷵غѰϸϣʱѾֻԼһ̡
ڵִϾž󣬰³һʱ׾˶ԣŵطӡδ˿롣
³ȴǸ⣬Ϊһŵеġڣǡۡ
³ġۼϹһĴС
ģСֱˣ
⣬ϸ򶼲ۺĽѡ
ʡʡɣķɴУҲһ˵õ
³ߣ˵⣬ɫȻӿһĨ˵ıߣοǶ֪Щΰģ
˵ţĳ嶯
ǵڣڣȷ컯٣ȴһµĥͿ顣
ÿһ죬³ĥʹȥΪֻͨĥͿ飬ܹȡЩ뿪ǹط
ð³ǣΪȷǵȿɲĥвͻƣսҲԽԽǿÿһʱȴֻµĥͿ顭
ӽϾžһֱǵڣڣֱѰǰӪʱŸ
ˣѰװ³ЩľˣҲпѣ֪˵³һǲҡ
˵ˣЩУ䱥ĥɱϾһѵޱȵĴ컯
˵ңЩһֱڣգÿҲʹ
ϸɫ𲻶ô˵ǵڣ۵Բ֮أϹǿһλ߰ôô䣿
򼱲͵ԼıҾͱˣ˵Ҳͽ˳ЦǸϽ˵˵㾿ʲôôǴҹĵġ
³ԭ԰˶ᣬԣʱŭĿԲܲеͬģҶôˣǻǻԵ컯
ϸʹĵһڣһǰʼ԰³һֵա
գ³һߵ̧һУѵһһ޴ʯƾճ֣ڵϡ
ǵǵĵڣ컯³
ʯϱ׭ŷܵͼϲɣϢӡϣһ³Ĳãζ
ֻǣѰУôôоһ޴Ĺײİ塭


1300 ϵ

ϸһ³㾹ɥĲ۵Ĺײİ嶼͵ˣ
³һĳ嶯ŭĸƨűսͼӡһĵãǹײİˣ
ϸŭϲ۾Цô˵ҿۣ
˵ţ˶˵ʯϣ¶ޱȵɫ
ҲĪΧʯת棺죬һλĴĵðүһͷһ
³Цİɣʥ;ߣõűҲͻһײİûʲô𡣡
ϸʹаأרоǳտ
Ϊۡߣ޲ԸĿֲڣһ죬ѹʥഫ˵
ۣϹʱһλ뢣һУԺǬǿգѹʥ̧ͷ
һӡѪĴʯǰ˭ܲĶ
룬˿̴ϸߵɫ÷ݡ
ѰҲ𵴲ѣʶֲõŵأôǿΪڣ컯ȱȷǻʥ˶ס
ֻ߲ܲ˱
Ѱʵ
һȻԼһʥԺǳҪġ
³˵ͷ磬˵ֻҪʥ֮·ǿߣô˱̤Ͼۣ
˵ʯڣʮķսͼÿһսͼԸѵޱȵһĥҲһĵú;飡
Щڵڣƾ˴˱֮Уһ̤ۣӵн֮ս
޵߶ԣ˱ȴá
֪ЩѰĶҲһΡ
;޻ꡢ·
һʼڣѰһֱ޻ꡢ;·ϳɾͷǷ
޻꣬Ԫһִƹȥδ֮֮ǿԹھͬ
볤پս֮ǿɱͬ۰ɱ׹
Ψ壬Ӳ
һΪޣΪЩУ岻йκԣӴĹԵ֮Ҳ޹ء
ӵСʥޱȵʥУҲΪͨ䷨޷
ҲõѰԡűʱһ˵Ρ
ǣǸûᣡ
ȻȥѰ٣ȷԻһЩ巨ţѰķŸ벻ķۡ
磬ҵǽ飬ԡ
Ȼ³ڣ˵ǣ˴֮أɳ֮أԪıҲĸν㣬׳ۣɶпຣʥ뱻ɱף
޻ߣԪ𣬱ɳߣҲͬˣΨߣֻһѪڣ
ңһӵڣڷһܡ
˵⣬³ɫü棬ֻۣһλߣԪ֮Ҳֲ֮Ʋ⣬ʥϳɾ֮ۡ͡塢޻߼汸
ѰĿǰɴû̵˽Щ
ֵ;ˣ͡۾йأ
ʥǴףοǳɵۣǲһǡبδеĴ٣ҽ̤Ͼ۵;ֻҪԺлߵľ硣
³Ŀ¶㽣ҵĿ꣬ǳԽۣ̤̤ϵľ磡
ߣٹƻ磬Թ񣬼塢޻·ǿߣ಻ʤɽأ඼Ϊ֮һ̤ʥ
أϸתͷԭ֪һ;㹻κһȥο;
ʱ򣬴Ҳ̾˿˵³˵ĵҲɵۣȷͼֵ;йأⶼڳʥ֮󣬲ſʼȥ;
ڳʥ֮ǰֵ;˭ӵжྪ޺Ϳֲ츳̣ڳʥʱԻһֿµ顣
˵⣬ѱޱȡ
ϸҲʲôɫ΢䡣
Ǻ£Ѱü
³ĸ֣ϵ٣
ĸ֣ȴһļµôϸƼ֮ɵ
Уֹྪɾ޵콾ӢҲа;һδеʥ֮·յ³ǲڽϵ֮£ĻᶼûС
·ɣһпܣһߵɣڹŻУܹơ
㱣Ҽǵöɼʥɮԣϵ٣ն֮һ֣ԴĪ״УһؼϹŽһ֮
ΪΪ˸̤·ܼ򵥣ڳʥ֮ǰһ·
֪һУѰԭ⶯ģҲ侲û뵽;Уһ·Եڳʥ˵һĽϵ١
ɾڴʱ³ȴ޾ԣĵУ˵ǿչŵʱֵ;жʥĿֲ
ϸסΪˣѿڶ£
³ɫ֣أǣ;Ҷϲģ۵ӡУ˵£Գƣϵ٣ǲɶɣζɶӶΪʥ
ۣΪϹΪ뢣ʶǻۣȻѰɼΪ棬ȷ𺳡
ϾŻԹ񣬶ֹܹɡϵ١ǿߡ
ǿչŵڹŻ֮⣬֮ˣ϶ǹŻ޵ߡ
ü
ϸҲͷŻ򣬱ȻܹŻѹƣһֻҪѹŻ򣬾ͻƣ
ߵóһ½ۡ
棬ʺϹŻߣΪزͬ
οǿǿչŵʥ˶֮أעǺ͹Żһġ
ҲˣǹŻ򣡡
³һѪҪǣһˣ֮ŻѲǰĹŻһѤõһһнпܣ
ϸʱƿԣ޷
Ϊ³ԣȷ棡
һıĲֹǹŻĸ֣Ż򶼱úȫͬ⣬ŽСǰδС
ǰ۵;ɣ˿룬֪콾ֹ
ڣϾžڣżʣһץһѡ
ˣΪǰϵ١·ܱͨ
һ룬;̤ϾۣһֻҪϵ٣һٽΪʥӵеĵָǺεȿֲ
;һΪʥ⣬δеһ·ңȻޱȾˣ
ϸ˿̣Ʈ붼Ŀ⿴Ѱ
磬ôģ
³ѯʡ
Ѱüãűĸ֣뾲


1301 
Ѱδһȷľϡ
ΪǷ壬غԺ;һܾ֮˵ĸı䣬ء
ڴϸԣѷȥű˼Ϊ壬ĵ;塣
Ѱݷɽϣ£ĥ;ĵ뷨
ԵǶԣȷѲȱȱһϴǦ֮ĳ
żϾʱϯضƼ裬˴۵˴˵ĵú͸򣬱˴˽ԻǳҲۺ
Ѱϸ򡢰³񣬽;žޱȵ裬նضĴС
֮Ľ޲˽˴ӡ֤뷨õĺô֮󣬿òɹݡ
񣬶ͶԴ֪۵ʱ֮΢ѰǶݲѣඥ֮С
ϸ򣬱һ츳ֻùɳٿϴУԴ֪ƶһġ
簢³ߵʥĵ;ڿأϣȫѰǿɱȵġ
Ѱ۵о֮ḻҲϸΪ֮Ŀ
һһУһ޹ҰУеõһּ
ϹʱӴ죬ʾһ𣬽С족˴ĵãӶ۰ټ֮ΪѤöĿ֮
Ѱǵ۵Ҳǡ硰족ڽдͨһֶصзʽÿ˽ԲĪ棡
żʱɱдԾһҲǺ죬ʹޱȡ
ʱСҲܶʱֻᣬϸԣɳ޻һ
ֻǣǰ³ϸ򣬻ǴдʱԸС֡
û취СĹ̫ܺһɱ˷ʤͷʹޱȡ
СȴЩֻҪ򣬾ͻֱӶ֣׿ԣõϸÿһζƿڴ޿κΡ
ÿʱѰʹЦѣΪСн
ʱ䣬š
Ѱǲ£ھ޳;Բע
ûãڶ֪ħڷɽܾеϢע
ÿһ죬̽ǰɽ̽۲춯
ϾЩѰƾѪս˽޵а
һλϾžĺˣڷɽϣ˭ܲע
ʱƣʶħǴݷޣʱʧҲ˰ҡ
˭֪ħֵ飬ƱػĶѪȷ硣
һλȴͻȻϴһ㣬Ȼ˺ܴ㵡
ѨӡˣţҶĦڭ桢Ȱﶼǰ
һ컯类˷עţλ콾ǰе껡ӡԬˣҲչж
ܿ죬һϢϾž
ħأǷȡж
ûУһֱڱչء
֪ѰѨȿԵɲ뿪ɽʱһЩǿ߶㲻Լ䡣
ʵȷˣɲǲţ
ѵħˣ棿
˺ɣΪѰݷһǵǿƵķ񣬺ܷ
ǶˣˣγһִħݷʧһЩ컯˳Ժֻ»øǿ󡭡
һλ콾ǰéǿߣ˸п
ֻлԵעᱻԵǣűߣ᱾ĩòʧҿѰֻд㣬ѿһʱ֮ʧķ;ĥϡ
ִѨǰ֪ϢʱҲд
ԭ֮ǰǲǰɽѰһ̽ѰѨ
ϧǣѰܾˡ
ڣԼ׹ѰΪλܾҲһ˿塣
ã֮ףѣ
֮䣬һľϵĴĥ
ľˣ
ɽϣһʯϣǺͷ˿ڷƮҷ续ס
㲻Ҳһ
ѰЦŽһĲˮݸ̬ɢ
ǰѰϢƽγɾǣ޷â
ڼУѰȴԵɲ⣬ϢڵΣҲ޿״
΢΢㱣󲻽пҺɲһѨԵ縡ƣʶ󣬶ң֪ǵطƱҪѪȣ֪ǰҲ׶༪٣Ҳһãʶò
˵⣬ǲһĨΣǲ࣬ãֻܱ˶ȫ
ѰЦЦ֮һһϦɶ͹ܹ֮Ժؿڵ;ߵøԶ
ȻһЦٱ裬˵֮Ļֻʣ²һʱ䣬ڴ֮ʣϾžеĸֶ룬Ѱյͻƣ֪кδ㣿
Ѱ룬˵ɱ㲻㣿
һ仰Ƶᣬ̻ϢȻȻ
ͷֲڴݷԭһơ
ƣ
ѰЦǰɡ
ǰݷõļ֮Ѱĥšơ֣
ǰʱľͻƲסɱӿ֣Ӱ֮
׵ĴڣƺѾ޷ܵɱõˡ
ΪԼ̬
ǣ
Լ޾ˣ
뵽⣬Ѱƽ峺УһĨȻָ֮һ
ৣ
ɽϣһ磬˺ǧâڸ֮⣡
˽Իȥ޻ء
ֻѱѰСɵز
º
ѨķĻ
ͳƣеǿǧ֮ڣѪɺӣյõ컯ģֻˡ
У껴ʣһ˿෽У컯ƮȻȥ
ˣȸһ衢خһԬ졢СһЩŴ̥ԼҶĦڭ桢ȵͷԸջ
ֵһǣѰһһֱټ
ϸԣǰڸѰ׷ɱ֮ױ˼йϢ
˭Բܺһλ֮ͨܵľޣ
˶ԤеٶȳʱһʱҪԸģ¾Ѱ
Ϊ֪Ѱ֮дңͨ콣һڴѰ
ֻǣ֪ѨĻʱɽϣݷް֮õѰӭ˳;ϵĵߴδ١
ѣ
һһģĪǰҵϡһ翡
ѣǣе;ϵͼĽҲǿֲޱȡ
˽٣Ѱԣ̤㳤;պͿֲһ
Ϊ̫֮࣡



1302 ֮
Ѱϵϸܵ飬ЩһֱӰĵ;
֮ͨšֱС鹭õ𣬶ǣ֮һ
ЩΪ֮մȾϣۺûڲĳӰ졣
ѰױѪĵ;Լ·µ㼣УҲ顣
Щ֮УͬɱᱻӰ졣
Ƽʥ˶԰쵽
ֻǣԶԣѰ۵̫Ҳ̫ء
ʶһʱѰܵΣգҲԶѰĿֲ
һζɽ٣ҲѰգɣڻüζ㱻Ĩ
ϸ򡢰³Ƕ޷Ϊ֮ɫ䣬û뵽仹˿ֲܡԶѡ
ڽҹѰŶɹⳤ;ϵĵ߽٣
ٺ鱻٣Ԫֻʣһͷͳ׸
ɽٺĺôҲǾޱȡ
ڽİѰָеõһʵҲ֮츲صɱ䣡
ȫɱʱ³ϸһ֣޷ѹסѰѰɱöжףҽ̬
Ҫ֪Ѱɽ֮ǰ³ϸҲ볤߽پɼ֣ҲѰ벻С
ˣ
ɽ֮ϣѰչ壬뷨ԣӰ翣䡣
յĴԶ֮
򣬱Ƿ֮Уܽӵز
ͬĴӵеҲͬǿֻ֣֮кʲʵĿ
Ѱģǡڵ
յڣĵ뷨ϡ
һѡ
ڳʥǰܹ֮Ϊһ¯ڻͨġ
ѰڻֻͨΪ¯УΪã
ͺñͳ˧ȥͼԦʹ֮ǿܡ
䣡
ƲУʱ֮쳹ʱˮţʱ㻯̫ѭʱвϢƲ
գЩԸһڴԨУ񷣬类ûһ㣬ȺУ
ѰӰԨףȻо֮ɡ
ֱ
ѰӰٿȻֹϢͷţһؼ䣬һף˷ձƲ
һкΪѰǾεӰһʥĹһԶŴ˵е
磬Сˣ
һ쳹³ڿն𣬾ȭɱ
ϸʹˣ¶֮ɫ
ȻƬ̣³ͱѹͷףﵹնʹڳ鴤ѡ
ٿѰϢ񵭣ֱͨûʲôȻһ価豹̬
磬ڵɹˣ
³̲סʡ
̸ڵյĴѽԿС
Ѱ˵⣬Ц첻УߣԾȥ
Ҳã򲻹㣬ȾѵܺȲ
³ơ
ϸҲĦȭơ

羳
һɽУԬ͵۾һƥĵâҲǴͫб
꣡
գĿ˺ѿ
֮Ļֻʣ°ҵʱ䣬ѽʥɵزʱȥ˶ϵһԹˣ
Ԭ쳤𣬻Ѫضɫ䡣
ӰһϮ£ʱȴһɽƶǬҲ
ಣ
һ̣Ӱڿշɶݣڰ;ϺȻһ
ӣɱڣҪȥ˭Ѱ𣿡
һѤƥĽâӳϸȥȻһͷĴ֮ƣ׵ơ
˴ѨлõһѪٶɱ䡣
ٿȻ仯һòѰһϮ۵꣬һӲӵգ´Ԭ졣
Сԭ㡣
Ԭɫͣȥ𾳣Ѱħ񣬽һ׮սµĳޡ
ħ񣿡
Сһ֪ʱһֱݷڷɽϣ𣿡
꣬ڹţȴһﴳ֮أطУ˳ܲ
ԬĿɱɫᡣ
ʥ
СݣǺخһľʥ֮Ϊһش
ô˵ҪȥɱСĿơ
Ԭü̾˿һֱҳŵԬ˵ڱʱ飬˼ȥһˣֻҪ֤С
СɫߣҲһȥǰʱħɱһ
˵ãҵһ֡Ԭ
Ȼ
С˵⣬֮ɫҲ֪ħսǷˣ

𾳣ɽǰ
䣡
һ춯صײ𣬾ͼһӰɳ㣬ݺݵɳȥڵأ̳
³һЦͣһضȥҴд裬ǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
Զǿգݺݵ˰³һۣ߷߶ȥ
˭վ
³ɤţȵ
һʱ䣬½ǿߴ˷ҪѰд裬ӡ֤һϸߵ͡
ѰȻᣬС£õЩսǿߺܲм
ⷴ˰³ϸˣڷɽϣоأ¾ᣬĿ޶ˡ
ضˣֱ̫ˣѵûһܴģ
ϸҲɤ£Ψ²ҡ
һЩǿ
Ұ˾ŵлõڣ컯Ǽһɣսȷܿ£Ѱɱȡ
Զڵ̸
Ҳ䲻нһһĺᣬù컯սа³Ұˡ
ϧ˵˭Ҫħֻµȹǹˡ
ǰ綼ڴħ񾿾ʲôʵǷн񻹲˼ֹ
أһĴȡ
Ѱһս
羪ףأһɿɲɱڳжһ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ͼϣһӰƿնףѪ죬ţɢһɰᡢ͵ơ
خһᣬԬ죡
У궯ĿⶼˣоɱҪսѰ
ţԣСҲˣ
أע⵽ԬִͬʱһӰ֡
һϮۣգӲתâģѰȴиİС
һʱ䣬䶯Ԭ죬СɶǹŴ̥еľѨУ߽Ŀս˵ǿֲޱߡ
λˣǶٷɽ


1303 
ػɱ֮ѹȳС
ǿ߽ʶ˱ܿԬС̫ʢǸеĲѹ֡
³ϸһĿ¶֮ɫ
˸ġ
³սڣ־
һһǲпдĻӡ
ϸҲĦȭƣһļơ
ԬһŭʲôèҲǰͣһᣬȥѰгǲ
ףըأӳĵԬˡ
Ȼߣ
³ˣһ͸һǰδеĿܣѪڷڡ
ţ
ͬʱԬҲע⵽³Ϣ򵥣üҲߣ
䣡
³͵سЦѣҪҪһ棿ң֤Ҵ磬򲻹ɱŰ㡣
ԬŭЦһϣӻ¹˭Ȱ㻹ĪҪƣֻĺܲң
УŨŨĲм
خһᣬϹĴ֮һĹڣǾʥһ֮۵ز£κˣ
³ƣĸоǰ˸֣Ū޴֪
³˼ҷƲ㣬绻ϰɣ
ϸ¡
ƨŰ
У³ţɢѪ绯һ񣬽Ϣݣϡ
䣡
³ˣһȭиֳѹǿյǵأ򲻵֮¡
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󣬸ӰŮƾ磬Ϣǿò˼顣
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ѰĿһɨʱϳϤס
գĿΪ׵ϣȻ
ŵо³ʱնһһڰеľ
Ůˡ



1304 ԭǴٵ
һϮ£޳ƮȻ㺮Ӱ㣬һֶеֺʹݡ
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϶껳ʱȻ·ƣĬĬ
һϵʵҲ֤һ㡣
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Ǻǡ
ѰȻЦһ̾
һǸģԭٵģֲҪô֣ǸøеңǸøеЦ



1305 һ֮
Ц
ǬءҢ˽Ŀ⣬ѰȻûиԼĴ
ӴԣֵѷѰ֮֮ҵȿɲϣ˶ֵѷĿɳ𡣡
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в̫ݣ
ƾǣ
ȴѰĿɨˣ⣬Բм
ݷ;õһʵѷɱȣٶ࣬Ҳ޷Ѱɵ

ǬߣǰѰܣսѷɱ䣬һѨеһЩ컯Ѱʱı
ѰѣֻҪ棬ҵȱ֤Ϊ㣬ΪҪִԲ򣿡
Ŵ̾
ڵӴϣҵȲֵΪУȫ
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ֵѣ㲻ΪԼǣҲҪλѿһ°ɣοҵĻ⣬ֱӶ֣Ȱֵ˼
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ͬʱԶ졣
леİ׽ꪺɫӡӲƿѡ
ɫӡϣһۼҲܷɣһƺߡ
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޿ɣǰǬءҢ룬ԲѰĶ֣
һϣ
ʱǬǱ˴˶ӣղԥһɱѰ֡


1306 ħ񣬵
䣡
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ԶȺ۽Ĳ֮ǰǶڹעϸ򡢰³ǵɱڣ񶼱ǰһԾˡ
Ǭְ׽ꪣɱ
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УѰ磬ͬһȭ
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س
ǬҢ롢ɽֺ˶ɫᡣ
нԾǿһҲսУǺȷϡ
Ϊһֻ棬Ҫˣ
һ̾
ЦǲΪ棬ϧѰΪеģôͲ¶
ѰЦâ£εϢοǼΣ
ڤ粻顣
Ǭߡ
Ǻǡ
ѰһǰδеĿֲϢٿȻƣҲˡ
ţ
ɫ䣬һϢֱǿˣ
ôܣ
ѵ֮ǰδþȫ
ˣ̫˾ˣ
һʱ䣬ɫׯء
˵λףʲôȡ裡
ĮƽУѰȥϵУҲһ˿
еģֻʣ¼µ
˵գŲһ̤գٿȻʧԭء
һ̣Ѱںޱȫˡ



1307 ȫѹ
֮ǰѰһֱھ裬ô˻ᣬȥ͵Ϯ³ϸ
˿̣Ұ
Ϊϸ򣬻ǰ³ͣжٺԬ졢СԾ
ܵ˴ĸԤ
ԭܼ򵥣Ԭ졢СǲһģȻԸʱ򣬱ãȥ䵱˵Ĵ֡
ʶڴĸԤ£˫ֹ֣ѡԹۡ
ǶԣһϢ
Ͼ֮ǰ֮ԸвѰ޷ǿУϸ򡢰³ڼɱϾˣܻѰģ
ڣһжˡ
Ѱԣ˼ɣȻȫΪ
ȫѰжֲ
̾ͼˡ
УȻұըһ̣Ѱɱɽǰ
ɽķӦͣ⧲֮£Ҳֻѡ񿹺⣬޷ܡ
ͣ
ɽͼһĹθ֣絹۵ĴӣӰ֡
һħӰֹ֮ϣɬħ
ħ
һżǿĻ֮˵ԴϹħȷŵĲ壬ӵСѣԿȻľ֮
ˣɽ۰ȻôִƥϷĵƣӲӵģĶ
⣬һžͨħ̧ۣ֮ͶһɽһƬëɡ
ֻǣѰһȭεȿֲ
ת˶սʥ֮ŭ֮ȫͷŵһ
飡
ֻһ
ǿƥħۣ֮һըѪɽ
Ȼ˵һǺĹ־ҡΣҲ֧Ųסڱը
ϹʱǿͷޱȵĴħѰݿһȭơ
ţɽǿ̵壬Ӳɳȥͬķɼ⣬ǿֹס塣
ɫǳޱȣڱ֮価ֹסѪ
˽Ծ㤷֣ǰһĴȭӡ
֪һȭͷųѳڣ˼µ˺
˻
һ
ɽһλǿƥߣ㱻һȭˣ
Ǭصˣ˿̶ˮͷ𶯣Ѱչ¶Ҳܵв
֪ܵסҼι
ѰƾڷƮԨϵ֮ʢѹǵⰵ
ԶԬСӣܿ˴Ŀеľ⡣
ѰǿҲе⡣
һְɡ
һ̾Ӱԡ꣬ãŻ£һɫɽƾո֡
ɲǼ䣬һˣһ֮һŮɣ˾âޡ
ϢȫĿ
˭ܹðǬհŮȻѰɱȡ
Ψ¶ʱŻ֣ᷢϢǺεǿǾϢ߸ϵ£ֻ
꣡
УһɫɽٿȻӳһĨ꣬Ʈؼ䣬żµҲµ˼¡
ͣ
ֽѿĽɢһʣȴɱ
ϣ
ͬʱնɱ
ֻǣһѱѰϡִС֮֮ǰһء
һһչԾ
ɱ
ǬҲǺϯǵء
ಣ
ѰӰʧٴγʱǰ
УԴŮսвС
֮ǰĶԾУѰǵϸ

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ǣ˿̵ѰѶȫεȿֲ
һȭֱӻǪm؅Ӱɫӡ飬ͬصӰǺ嫵ȭûС
ɳѰϣڸصӰһγֻ֣ɫǲҰޱȣϢ˥
ֱֶֻò˼ΰɣ
ѰЦ
ɫһƬ塣
֮ǰһ˲ܵвֲ̫еޱȵľ
ס
Զ⡣
޷ڱѰĶȫ
ҲѰֺʶһֲĶ֣Ըһѧѹס
ɱ
ǬҢ͵س
һʱ䣬мսϣɱƬǬҪٸ𣬿ֲĲϯʮȺ۽ԺȻ
Ѱһˣˣȴǿޱߣ⣬ȫϡ
ˡ
ϰٴνѰһָŴｵ٣ͼҢҪ˱ܣȴֱӱָѹ
һ嶼ըѪģзĲҽУ˵ɳȥ
䣡
ֻǣѰ׷ʱǬѼл
˶ڳѰб
սˣءҢԸˣޱȣв
ɽҲˣߣӰսʩչǴǰ
ˣǬֺ˴ҲֹۣǿֻǣѰ
λŮޣȻǾƥսȺϧǣʱȫͷŵѰ
ǿѰǿ
ȻǣƣѰòԶɱһսֻѽˡ
Զսˣжһ㱡
֮ǰѰΧκ˿ãΪ˴οҪѡ
˭뵽ƣǿޱߵսѹ£ӲŤתˣ
ħ񣡡
һЩ𺳡
ԬСɫ֮
˴ΣǵĿΪԸѰȴ³ϸǿĶ֡
һսֳʤĿѰһ֮սǶеޱȵľޡԾ⡣
ҲǳģЩơ
˵׻һɱ֮󣬿ܵҼУ
УѰȻЦ͵طӰǰ壬ȫǬ
ȥɣ
ǬĿѪɱԣ˶Ҫһɲܡ
ȫѰѹס
Ѱÿһȭ䣬̻Ϣ׾ƽȻȻȴþˡ
ʮк
ѰһȭѵһǬİ׽ֶɣ󶼶ѣѪʣʹƺߣӰĵˡ
ֻǣѰüǣɱǬʱɽֺһֵٶ
ߣ±̬һָ侪ˣ˺ҲȻƵģѲ֮
ҵҪԣǾܷסһ
ѰһһĨ
ৣ
ָһ
һĨէ֣µѤúᴩŽʱնһǰ޼᲻֮ơ
ã
Զɫһ䣬ʶѰһʽеĿ£
㣡ѡ
ֻǣһ
ǽ̫޷ݣضһնΪΣ޿赲
Զ˶ûܷӦʱͼУѰɽֵֺܣǼ̿壬Անء
Ѫٰ¡
Уһֱѷ죬ǧؽڴ˿̰
ȫԾһʱš
һֲ֮ȵز
ʲôУ


1308 
һԾ
Ԭ졢Сͷ𵴡
һҲܵһޱȵв˼Լָλһ
ڳǿߣʧأɫ͡
ӿսѰȺشm؅һǿء̥Ң롢׻һǬ
һ࣬еգնգѹȵڽžҲϾˣֻǿ֧ţ
ʱԾŵһ֮£һѰΧױƣ
ħ֮ڴ˿Ե쾡¡

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ɽֵֺܵѣɹǣЩѪ⾹ڲ䶯ֺϡ
ʥ;Ŀ£飬ָܻҪһٽɱֻһ취
Ѫĥ
ߵԪͷѪڣµĴ֮
̤ʥеߣʣһѪָܻΪΣ
ΪһѪһأԪУ˵ǿֲޱߣ
ڻָ
˲ڡ
ΨѰɫٿһۡ
˲ã˽֮ɽ˵ѪڣŻܣǽһĵж߰˰ˣ
³̾
Ϊͬߣȱ˸ѰһնĿɲֹɽ˵壬Ǵݿ˵Ĵ
⣬ֲġ
ȻɽָֺʱϢ˥֮ңд˲ʺ;
Ϊ̤㳤Ժ󣬱żǰ̡
һ֮£һϣǰ̡Ұȫ
³׻ָ֪Ҫȵ£
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Į쳹أѰĿ⿴ԶİǬءҢˡ
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սʱǲŲԼѰ֮Ĳ࣬ǲ޴֮
⣬ͽȡ裬ϧ
һĺŽ
ӣ
أԶС
֮ǰӰʣ߸ϵ£̸ֹݶһԶѰļơ
ڣȴݱãĿѣʧأ޷ˡ
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䣡
Ѱ£һȭӲӴƿնٲȻ˼ʮ֮ơ
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޾Ŀֲ纮񶼱ٱǿҵĲʴ̼ɫŤ
Ϊ˭ľʹ˷
ɴʱǾˣ

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䲻ݷ֮ʣһ̾Ȼ쳹
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ĺģֱģһεĴϡ
ʱһӰƾո֣Ѱһȭ֮ǰ
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Ӵˣ
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ˣλ콾һİĵϾžм޵аľ콾껣
һλѹͬհҫ۵ĽɫȴδֿͻѰһ
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Уһʱɲ
Ѱ΢΢һü
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һĿЦ
˶ݺսȫͷȴˡ
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Ӵˣ
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ܽܣ
ض˵ˣ͵ϴǵ֪ˣѰ£
üƳ˰Ǭһۣһɸֵģ
ðǬǽͷ
һп۵ףѰһ̾ͷһջ˶С
л֣
΢΢һЦظ
һʼֵڣһǸȻͷǫѷ̬ͺΪ콾һķâ
˶ɣ֮Ƿʵ
ϸ򡢰³УԶԬ졢СУһƬ֮ɫ
ŽĽ磡
£ھ콾񣬸Ӣ
ˣǫǫ۽ڴʿ޾Ŀ⡣
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½Ҷ𣬰Ǭǽ£ǣԸڣ
Զ԰ףͷ
̾ĿзһĨʹϧ¡
˵ţһѰ֣֮£վߵԸ֮Կұ֤߾ܣ֣ΩԸⳡԹ˽𡣡
ֵͷϴ̬ȣȫݡ
˭õ껣̹ϡѰǸû¶κεķܡ֮ɫ
ȥֻο£
˶ôΪɵ߾ηѰ
ѰȻҲһ㣬һκʱ龰
ʱʶһ䲻򵥵дǡ־Ⱥװʡ
˴껸һ֣ƣѰˡ
Ҳ껳ֺһȭδֳֿϿǸ̹̹Ѱ׷ʲô
ף֮䣬޳Թڴ˿ΪһЩ޹ؽҪ˶˺
ҲҿǽЩ¶ˣЩ˼УͲǳ֣
Ѱڵ
껿Ц̾ͽоȡԹ˭ηԭǴԺǰݷã۵£˭ϵ顣
˵ţֵ֣׹ǰұ϶Ժҳ֮գһĻȴθ룬չЩдȣԲ˶ĻԹԣͬΨԸ֮£Ѱڻҹϵ񡣡
ԣ˶̾
֮⣬ڴ˿ɼһߣ
ѰˣҲȻһЦֵ֪ػ̹Ѱǽƽ֮ˣЩС£ʹ˽ҹ
˶٣ղײգڴˣԾ֮꣬ԱƣһΣ
һˬʴЦԴƣһƺȣ֮ã
롣Ѱ΢΢һЦ


1309 ۾֮
λȻˣҲһƣ
ѰŤͷĿԶԬС
СһЩԥ
ȥΪʲôȥҿɲѰˣʲô۶ӣ
Ԭߡ
ҲãѰ껣һ
Сͷ
һʹĻ
Զս˽ʶһս֮ħ֮עҪ䶯Ͼž
껵ġ֮٣ҲΪǽֵһ׮̸

ɽϣ
Ѱ³ϸ򡢴Լ껡Ԭ졢Сȣϯضƽ̸Ǣ
ΨǬҢ롢ص˽ĬͷԾơ
һۻᣬǵĲҰΪȴֺѰͬһϯȻŤơ
ٹ£֮֮ͽĻ֮ɲδʹ˽
껷¾ƱпЩŻҲ֪˶ٱ仯ҵȷʱ·ƣҲ֪˭졣
һʱ䣬˽ид
һʱ䣬Ƕѽ֮ʱ䡣
ǰ֮ǰǽֻеʿ񣬷Ĺˣ̤㳤ľߣ
Ǳ仯
ǽ֮ע̶ʱڣڵ;ӵ㾪˵ɱ䡣
ǰδУѤã֮ʢ˥˭Ҳ޷֤һĻʱֻʲôӡ
СȻұʿ޷رΨһģ澳ϣѰͻơ

ΪȻһȻҹƲ뿪֮ʱòһص⡣
˻
˽һݡ
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껴³ĸ֡
һʱ䣬ɫ΢䣬Լˡ
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⣬֮
У˶ֹһεĺƴսǵɱ£ʥݽ棬ֻ沨
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Ǳ鲼Ĵ֮ĽӣǹŻս˺ۣ
񣬹Żǡǰδ޶ǿߣǶϲܿŹŻʹġ
Ǵʹ֮ѪϹʱѽ£һʱѪֿл֮ŻֻΪΪͳΡ
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֮£ŵ˵ʬҲҹŻ͵Ӣ꣡
񣬲֪ͨ뢣ӢΪ˵У֮䡣
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㳲֮£ѣ
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һɿɲƣӰɫ䣬Ծ
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λЦˡ
ʶʧ̬ʱȥȫϢʵϹʱĵǿߣǻڰС
аǬءɽֵֺܣǸȺҲڵеսУܵ˽Ĵ
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ʵ
Сͻᰤ
;뢣û򣬱ѩܣ
֮һֱɹڣ̫ˣ
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СҲ̾
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Ǿǿչŵ
˵һΪЩͿǵٴۣ֮ǸıŻھеĴΨǿչŵУѰٵ֮
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Ƕǵһ˵
ȻЩĿǰԺҵЩңԶ֮ȫ汬ҲҪں֮ܶˡұҪľ·ܽڴ֮·߾硣
˵Ψˣںƽʱӵеֿͻ͡
Ѱʵ֮ںʱ
࣬ᳬꡣ
껳ǰʵҪжϴٵʱܼ򵥣ս¿ʱһԤס
Ѱ͵ؾڲ֮ɽμӡСͷ֮ʱһλز֮ɽġ͡˵ǲɽϣһͨսͨ
һʱ䣬ѰҲ˼ɡ
֮
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ıģѲһʱ֮ǷԺעҪľ֮սϣ
ܿ죬Ѱתء
һҪ



1310 ͨ
¡ôˣ
뿪ɽûã̲סڡ
һսУɽֵֺܵв㱻٣ˣνܵһͿ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ껡
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껳ĬƬ̣׷ãԴ£Ҳ㣬ҲϣһΡ
ɲǼ䣬ɷס
û㶯ŭ
ӴˣҲջ档
Ǭ˵
桭
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˶٣֪̾вʣΪҲȥѰǸԺǾͻ׵ġ
룬֮ʱͻ֣֮ᷢܰǹıµУѰֵ£һ
˽һħεºܣᱻ˿أ

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Ѱطɽ·ϣһֱʶо޵СȻڡ
ôˣ
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껣СͲıԼ֪
ˣһ棬һֱΪĵЧҲһ
С˵˭ұѣҲӦ
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СظҾͷˡ
ѰʱЦãʶԭСһһֱԼˡ
֣ҶҲҪˡ
Ѱϯ䣬СҲڡ
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Ѱһ
㵱ǰ׳ղɣ
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ʵܲʣԵ֮¹ڻƱǿɲѰ鷳Ĵ㡣
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Ѱ͵
Ԭɫһ粻εҵȻ֪Ϊһú˵
ѰЦԣ㲻ҲŶԡ
ԬߵǺҲû취˭֪Ķ֣˵õʥֻҲ޷е֮ɣ
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ǡ
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Ԭ֣⣬ѵƲֵ𣿡
خһ棬š졯ƺŵһλʥţ̤۾죬ҵҲǾ֮磬ԬָǺúýһЩ
ѰޱȵĿ£Ԭ˶һµ״̬κġ
֪ƫƫأȴ־ܾá
СһĻĻ۵ףȺһΪ˵õʥֱ֮ǡ̫޳ˣ
Ԭ죬εȽһλˣȴһ޴룬м̬ܵ
գʱԬСһ뿪ɽֱƵġ
Ȼľôطȥˣ
·ϣСһ
ʥϹʱ˸ϹľС
С֪˷خһ棬ӹ֮ڻãԶŵĻҪأ
˵ˣѰԭѻĴУֻǸ˷
ʱԬѻָ侲һҲûκξɥû֮ɫЩ⡣
Ȼܸˣ
С㵣оһǲǱ¿ˣôܸ˵
Сѵû˵ϵ١
ԬƿڣԹ񣬿ɴδκܹ塢޻ֵ;򣬳ʥ֮ǰؽѡ
ѰҳԣֻԻٵ;
СŻȻ࿴Ԭһۣû뵽㵹Ǻơ
Ԭҡͷĸˣ϶Ҳôı׶ˣͿǷҳˡ
ҵǻɣѰȻôȻ׼ˣǾ֮򣬶ǹŻң⻹һǰδеĴһнпܣ
СѰܼ;Уҽ̤Ͼ֮ҿ˽ϵ٣ǵʥʱжֲ
ԬһȻһɫ𲻶⵹˵ˣϣãޣϾɴûйӷ
СҲ˵ͷ
ֻǣ߽Բ֪ںܾ֮ǰսǿչŵУһӣ

磬Ԭǿ׼㲻ͬʱ;Բʹ˵֮
ɽϣϸ˵Ͱ³ͬ
Ǹã
ѰЦΪֻ»ԹԵ˵Щ֮ء
ϸ룬Ҳ̲סЦͽģˡ
磬壿
ϸЩġ
صģš
ѰĿ䡣
ϣеѰʱٶȽͨؾ
ң뵱꣬һѧͽͨؾһ飬ɱ֮
ٶȽʱ̤㳤;ϵľߣ֮꣬ٲȻ֮
ֻǣͨؾĴڣѰ˸мһ𺳡
Ϊ֮¸ףͨؾǺε˲á
ҲֻǹͨؾеλŮӣѰ
ˡ
ϤĿռ䣬ϤƴһĻĻ統ǰ㣬ٶȳǰ
̤ƴѰһ·ǰУŵĵεΡ
һνʱͨƿ飬Сڤ
ڶν룬ͨսǧˡ飬á̻ľкԪնǰ벿
ν룬ͨսؾ飬ôľű֮һġӡƬű
Ĵν룬ѰŲ硱ҲѰöС桢޲TرװһѪ«ջķᡣ
ν룬÷
ν룬Ԫն

ƴϵĹؿѱѰⲽǰУҰУƴͷһͨŻҲ
ţΡͨ죬ϺϢԶԶȥһĴţԵø֮С
ǰɽ
겻̤㳤߽پھ֮вδȡ
أһڤڤ쳹
ѰȻ̧ۣſһϤٻӰϥ֮ͨǰӰС



1311 ֮
ǰ
Ѱ
޳ٻӰãɢءãϢԡʥΪֶ𾪹ŻλŮӡ
߽٣ܲˣֻĺܲɣھ֮򣬴ţ޷򿪡
Ůڤڤϥ֮ͨ£Сޱȣȴ޷˺ڡ
ѰһΪıԵһǰ̡
£
ڽ˵١
ŮӶʱˣ࿴ѰһۣǴһˡ
Ѱͷ
ǣ;ԡϵ١ɰĽѣòء
޷ʲôָ㣬ȴԸ㣬ϵٵ
ŮӳĬƬ̣˵Ϲ֮أо֮зţǸʱ̫ʱڡ
̫ʱΨŻڣһޱȵĺƽ٣ںƽ֮󣬹Żȱʧһɻ籾ԴҲӴ˲ȱ֮ȱ©һٲֹ
ҲΪΣϹʱУδֹһĸԭ򡣡
ҲǴ̫ʱŻУֽɽѡ
һ֣ʥġն֮١ʱʥͻƣ̤۾޷ʵ֡
ڶ֣Żġ֮ҲǴʱʼŻһסǿȥ̽Ѱĵ·
֣塢ꡢֵ;ġ֮١ʱ𣬵;еǿߣڳʥǰԻᱻĨ
Ѱһ
ǵһ˾׵ţ
̫ʱ֮󣬻籾Դȱʧȱھ۲棬ֽɴٲ
ֻйŻˣ
Ѱüʡ
ŮӵͷҲǹŻ֮ءԭڣֽɽѴڣŻ򡭡ȷͱеķûʲô𡣡
ѰɽΪڹŻ֮ϣ⣬˭ֱʣ
ףɽѣԵĶͬʵԴһն֮Կãжϳһ£ɽѵ˥¡
Ů顢ȻѰָ㣬壬Ļǰδһᡣ
Ѱһ͵
̫ʱںΪɽѵĴڣ޾֣֮ҲŻ
ڵ֮£ȴʤľ֣⣬ʹĳ棬漣ڵ
Լ壬ֵ;ҲƵġ漣֣
ΨһĻᣬԺ󣬿ٲˡ
ŮӵૣҲ֪ʲôһ˵į

Ѱͨؾ߳ʱһƬᶨ
壡
ĵ;ǰδУأǡ٣بδеĻᣬ
ɽ֮ϣ̸ڣ뵡
Ѱϥɫž
ԺУһƪʥŹɣɢɬİ塣
˷һǧ˰֣ÿһ֣زأͨ䷨Ҳ򲻳Ȼ
ǰѰڴˡ
Ԭ˵֮һԿףѰӵ˿аصĻᣡ
ˡ
ѰǱĲһĲɢԼ䣬оӰ֡
еģժ£ХɽӼ䣬һһǣڡ
еģھ֮ϣϼ¶ɷ塣
еģݷ֮ףȻʯϮҲ䶯ҡ
еġ
Ѱͷ쳹һʥڴ֮С
Ѱˡ
ʥخһ桰ʥӹ֮ػã䴫ŵҪأ
˷塢塢̫塢塢Ԫ塢塢塢塢Ŵ󾳽硣
ÿһ̲شأǿءѪ߷š
£Ӱܣ⻷ԡѪŲĥ
ֱãѰŴӴ
УҲһ̾˷ȷǿֲޱߣǿ
徳Ϊһгɣ֣֮Ѫ󣬿˺
֮ǿᣬѹͬǿߣ
ѵõǣʥ֮ս֮ศɡ
徳ս󣬾ܾѪزأ֮ƥս
ʮսӡ
徳ս壬ƿءʮơս
֣ԡ
磬Ѿˣ
Զ³ɫ֣أۼ壬зȨģԳ䵱Ѱʦ
Ѱͷ
ˣԵѧڡ
³Ҳ֮ϣȴ罫֮־زɽսġűУֻҪܹסеĥͿ飬֮۵زҲ¡
á
ѰʹӦ

ˣ
ӿѪڵ۽ѰڣҰƺƵһưƵĹʼ伡Ϸƻá
Զϸ򡢴񡢰³ԽŹע
ͷʼ壬˵Ҫòܽ־Σ
ϸʵ
ľ磬ÿһԲͬѪϴǡࡢĥѨϡ
䣬ߣ޻ߣѭ֮
֮á
˵
ֻһ¡
³塢޻ศɣӵг߽پΪǡѪУۺޱȵĻ
壬ΪעͻͽԳۡ
ϸԵͷ
ѰǰʱʵһֱڱǿҲʱڳ;ϣÿɽһΣΪڷͬʱеõһɱ
ֻһֱˡ
ͺñȣѰδ壬ȴӵۺƥֻ侳
֮߶ԣȥҲƵĲá
Ϊϵ١Ĵڣ޵ߣ޻ꡢ֮޻ꡢ֮
˻ȥ塢
ԭܼ򵥣ԣƣǣ֮أһڲطϣŲɹá
ĸǿߣԲԻǵĴ
ֻǣ¾ͽΪͻ־ϣֻ»Сɣ
ɡ
䣡
Խ̸ʱͼԶϥѰȻŹʣѪХһ貵⣬Ʈա
ôͻ侳Բزˣ
³鶼ɴ
ϸʹҲһŸտʼвһʱѣȻͻˣ
ֻǸտʼһЩҲ
죬ϸ˵
³ʹͬ
ѰĵУһҪͻƣ׾ٵ飬̸ϴС֡

ѰٶͻƣΪ
һֱעѰİ³˽Щ¡
ѰֽٶȣѲֻѸͶֿݣֱǴƳף



1312 ռУʥ
ֹ졣
ѰΪٶͻƣ麣Ρ
Ϊ̫ս壬ƿء̫֡ս
ʮ
ѰΪһͻƣ쾳Ρ
Ϊս壬ƿء˲ս
ĿһδνǶһżİ³Ǵϸ򣬶һģ
ʼģͻͽĽٶȣǷѰһϵĸֲȡ
Ͼ̲̫죬һΣҲǿ¥󣬼
磬ͣ
գ³ûסѰԼĵ˵
Ѱһ磬дԾһӡ֤
Ҳá
³ӦһΪѹ麣ΣĦȭƵ磬ɵСˡ
һޱȵź͵̣ڰԸԼһҪһЩˮ׼ô̫ܵѿһ߳ŭĿ϶Լ
³ſ£ϴ󣡡
ٺٺٺ٣ҵҪѰᱻʲôģ
ϸʹΨ²ңֻ
ûãսѰͬ麣֡
ֻʽҺƵģһðĹΣѪ¡¡
䣡
һֻӡۣӨӨӲӣʯɫչգ֮
̫֣
úã
³ȣ󣬱жϣѪ̰㣬۾ɽϳ
ײһƬնһ¡
ŵŵţ
ϸʹ㵵Ŀע£һУ³ûռһ˿ˣѰһԵ˳
⡭
³Ҳһһ
Ѱ΢΢һЦսⰺ
¡
һʱ䣬Уɽײƾˡ
ϸȥѰӰӲӣʱ貵ʯĥɣڳɲѪ
³϶̤գۼƣǧ
ϸʹ޷ܵǣսڣ³λһ֣һ˶ûռ
³ǵĴ𣿸Ͻʹ
ϸܲΪ³ǹⱣˡ
ˣԼóϽѰſ£
Ҳ໴С
³ɫһ粻ޱȣȷˣİѰ̫ѿ
ڣһû麣εת˼
䣡
ѰԽսԽʹ죬ߵսʽ򵥡ɴְ࣬Եףһʮᡣ
ƾǧ㷨һ֮
սѰʼϲָо
ˣ
أ³ս֣ܻơ
һϣٳûѹסѰѧߣð³ܴ
òǹˮɣϸʹɡ
³ûǶӣѵûһŽ񺱼ţ
ϸʹһڣ̫޳ˣҰΪֺѰʵ
³һڣ췢ģ˵ľθԣ
Ѱ֣Ѷ϶ٶȿ죬δӰ쵽Ѱ
ۼ֮ۺ񣬱֮ͬһԼһҲѶã
ⲻʲô
ϧϸʹ񶼲ţð³һ仰ĳ棬

ʮ
ѰΪͻ־Ρ
ǻԪս壬ƿءԪս
ˣϸʹ񶼾
ǰǰһʮ죬Ѱһˣһ־Σ
ĿãǶš
ȷ̫ˣȽٶȣ߽Դ
Һܻɣʼʱѡ˵;ƾ츳Ϳʼ壬Իһλֲ֮
³
ͬҲܷѽ⣬𺳡
ѰԣһУһľ
ܵʥ֮Լõ˹õһǰδеϴ
ʼգɬ谭ͨ裬ƥ
Ǹоķ·Լʺ㡣
ѰԼݵǣУıԴǰδеĻãʱʱ̶̿ӳһƵ첨Ѫ֮ڡ
ѵԴľѣʵһĳϵ
Ѱòһ㡣
ԴҲѹΣʱѰĪİ
ȴûһΣǰ㣬ûö鶯
ķ֣ѰңȷģԼ츳˽һ֪
磬ѾԽűˡ
³һĸп˱֮ڣӡʮķսͼ̲սһĵú;顭
ʼָ㡣
ѰϸűһĥͿ顣
Ψͨһδĥ飬лսľĵã
⣬һޱѵõ컯
Ѱ֮Կʼ壬ҲǶűеİĶ
ʼɣ
һѰĿ⿴ű

ͬʱϾžУһϢ쫷㴫ϯ
콾ߣ۴˿Ƿڰϣлھ֮Ļ֮ǰ롮ռеء
ռеأڲءʥǣ۳ʥ֮أ
Ψг;۵һˣɵʥ
һϾžԾȻ󲨣ٰ֪ˣ׷׽Ŀⶢ콾
ʶ콾ĴڣǽֻǼ򵥵֮һֿ飡
ΨڰߣʸռеأȥǾ۳ʥ֮صġʥ
񣬾֮Ļƺֻʣʱˣƶϣռأܿһʱͻ֡
ǿʶһľ֮ͽĻˡ
һʱ䣬ϾžУÿһ콾սǰԱޱȣǿǰ
һЩӲ콾ϣսȴǿĺˣҲڽʱУ֮ˮ棬ٻȻ𾪡
˭Ҳû뵽Уľˣ콾
ˮ
һƬɫһµ
һ죬һƥҫ۵ĽٿȻӹµϳ𣬽񷶼նƣ˷Ʊ
һĨ֮±ð޹⣡
ǧﷶΧĺˮԺȻڡ
ۿԿһȦν⣬ӹµɢѹȵǧﺣ򣬽縩׳ƳƵģϡ
µϣ״Ӵ
һ˲һɲУͫӳ֣˿˿绡ĽâУܿи˵꣡
εĿֲƣӰӳĵһɣ޿ƥ֮â
ʱ꣬ϾžУֻ¶׵Ĵڰɡ
֮糱ˮȥӰԵƽ̻
Ѱұն㣡
ಣ
һ̣µû׵ټ
һ죬ʱ뿪ݷ֮أ䡣


1313 еף
ˮ
ˮսǰȺۻۣڵȴв飬ͼ콾֮ϡ
Ǳǽħҹ巣ʥޱɽҹϣӵг߽پսһڸһǿ󡣡
ţħ֮
ǡ
Ҳ֪˴콾ڼ
ǵ̸ĿԲԼͬԶ
һϮۣӰ罣ֱҹ巣ڽв顣
һʱšռеءϢ콾ϵΣÿ춼ڷž˵ı仯
ԽαþԽ졣
λǰʮ֣ҲƵƵܳһʱ䣬ס
ǰҹҲвԣλа񵥵ڶʮλ
Ѽ»άڵڰʮλ
εľ䣬ӲҲԿ콾񣬾Ǻε֮ҡ
ǡͷô족
ˡ
أˮսɢһĲһսǰҹ巵ӰС
ʮˣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
УһȻԱ𺳵ˡ
һӣӵڰʮλʮλ֪ħҹսεȱ̬
޷ǰʮ
ҹüЩ
ҲϾžУˣԽǰԽѺͲס
ҹ巣
أһƽ
ȺУⲽ߳һӰһϮ£ϻ˫֡
һЩ赲ǰӰûüӦͱһεĿֲϢѹȵĵˣΪÿһ·
ЩӰҪƿڴɵʱȴ͵һ¶Ӳǡ
ף
ҹתӵģʱһ
Уʱ䶯Ⱥɫ䡣
ʱ꣬λھϾž콾һľޣٶȳ֣ڴˣ
ף
֣һ񻰣ɧͬӢһ
˵콾ϵΣʧ»˵ھ
˭֪Ը⣬µٵһ֮λҲûпܣ
ԭܼ򵥣׵ǿġ
Ѱѣ
׳ڳеĵڶ仰
ɾһ仰˽ǰϾžк䶯ޱȵһϢ
ţ׺ѰѪ
ţڸأѰ׷ɱ
ţѰ츳ԱޱȵѪֶӶᣬڴ֮·Ϸҡֱϣ
ţ˲ţ˵硣з
룬ǿԶ϶ǣ֣ɱĵһ˱ȻѰ
Ϊͨ콣ڵһڴˣɥѰ֣֮
һƺҪӦˡ

ҹ巻شĺԥ
ޱɽҹϵϵᣬȴѰ½Ϊѣҹ֪ȻҪñס
⵭Ȼ
ҹһĨףҾΪһ˽ܣ֣ǰ
ҿ⽣ħж͡
׵һЦ̧һ
꣡
Уâ硣
һŷ򵥡ֱӡȴֱĵİԵ֮ơ
һξ룬˽Ըеôʹ񶼳һ˵Ϣѹָо
⽣˾װĵز
ߣ
ҹɫɱרעͬһ̳٣пգҽǡ
飡
ͼײƬض͵һ𣬸գ˺ѿѷ졣
һھĿע£׵Ľʤһ޼᲻ݣ
ҹ巵Ľۿɼٶȴϣ
걬Уҹ巷һƺߣӰҡΡ
УȺɫ䡣
һ˽ħҹ巣
֮ͨżǷȱ޷ӳޱҹϡὣȫܡ
ڵȣһ硣

͵أҹһ۹ĵƮﵹһĽɢȵ˽ԺȻ˱ܿ
ħҪȫˣ
˽м
һڽŹڸȺ֮ľޣһŽħƺŵޱɽᡣ
֮ײһ
ʮ꣬ܵһ
˫Ȼֻһָ
ˣ
ؼ䣬һ
ƥĽ⣬⽵٣ɢѹǬĴƣ˾ûð
ն
ͬʱҹ巽̤䱳ӿһƵĽ⣬嫶ͻ͡
䣡
ѰľƥĽ⣬¶
һ󾪺УҹӰˣʮסӰ
˶ۿȥҹ紦ֳһѪܵĽۣɼǡ
ڶҹ己츺ˣ
Ƭ򣬳š
һЩǿĺˣɫ䣬겻ױԽԽֲˡ
Ѱӣɱͨ콣һڴˣ˵ɱѰѣǷеʹࣿ
׵Ȼڡ
һ仰ͷֱðҪɱ䣿
ߣ֣ȥѰǰʲô
ҹЦȻ塣
һȥģڡ
ɫȻģһҲɱ㣬ֻǣ´ξͲˡ
˵գתƮȻȥ
ҹɫ粻˫ȭ鲻Խ߬

ڵ죬Ϣ쫷㣬Ͼž𶯣޲ʼŹע
ףȻˣΪնɱѰΪռеأ
ڴ⡣
ڽһʱ䣬׵Ϣ򳹵Ͼžƽ籩
׳ֵĵ죬ܽħҹڿˮս֮ǰ
ڶ죬֮أһ̤֮̾أһӡ
죬ɽڲ֮ϣܵЦ죡
죬׾ڣ
졭
ÿһ죬й׵Ϣһһ½һһѳĽɫ
˭׵ı
ΪܵǿߣѰйأ
Ϊβɱˣ
Ĳһϵеľٶˡ
ɱˣɱ˸ܹвѰҪһսѰ䷽ң
˷
׺εȽһλޣȻǱҲɱ޹֮£
Ԥħ֪£ػסκͲϾΪһ˵Եʣǣ˺õЩѣ
ӽԺֻҪ׻ţ˭ҺħӴҪħ񳹵׹
ۡȻУһ죬𾳡



1314 Լսնħ̨
ɽ
ȻһˣһǷɽأ΢΢ü
ɽܣһµĽ
ʦֶ𡭡
Ҳ˵ǰڴ˵أѰԴ׾ٵס˹ŷӵķ
󡪡
ϣ
һ쳹񷡣
׵һΣںĽϻ򿪣ȡһĴ硢ָ޹ĳ
ն
У³һ֡
һѿɫƲ۵ĳŵĳѣųһĨͨľ⡣
նɱȥ
䣡
ɽһܵĵƽ֡
󣬰իס˲֪ٵǿУ˶ٵΣ
һ֮£ǵƽ͵طһ̶ޱȵľҰƲظ
գȻ顣
󷽣ɽϣĪӵһիɫã˶ɫɷס
û뵽һλٿɽ
һ֮նƻɽ֮
ϣ
Զ̧һУһƵĳأڽϻڣڱϡ
Ϊֹʮмնħ̨ѰҲ˿
˵գתȥ
իˣɫ࣬޲˺Ȼ
죬׳𾳣һһѰĵƽѹȵի̧ͷ
ԣʮԼսѰնħ̨
Ϣ

ףһ·תսϾž޵֮ƣɨѰй֮ˣ⣬ƣ
սʲôزǰɹ콾һأֱжǿ
ۡ
Ͼžÿһ򣬶÷з
꣬޵֮ˣռ콾һܹ꣬
겻֣콾ϵȴ¹ǰʮ֮С
ľǿ䣬չֳ޿ƥаȻ𺳡
Ǿãλ콾ǰеĵ껡ӵˣǷܹ׿⣿
ܹȷ𰸡
˭ʵעɲ⣬޷Ⱥͺ
նħ̨ǺǣħҪˣ
ֻ֪
Щ꣬Ѱ֮â޿ɵֵѰˣ˿̶˷ܡ
ôˣѰЩѶһһҰ裬ʼȴѰ֣Īˣ
ǺǣֵĶڷɽϣԻǾޣҿҲǲ׵вˣ
Σʮȥնħ̨׿ٲˡ
ѰڽµһЩ֣޼ɵţڴʮ֮ġնħ֮ս
ǺѰЩѣľҲܳء
Ƕ׻ܣ״˵Ŀ£Ǹ޷϶Ѱ׵Ķ֡
ɽ
ӡЦ졢ҹ巡ԷݻѰ
ֻǣǽǣȷƮҡʱ̣ѰһֱڱչأȻһʱ顣
Ƿ˼ǣѰչأΪΪһµĵ;壡
׼ֱ֪
˽⵽Щ췢ϸ򣬻ǰ³Էŭѵ
λǷıǣҴأһʱͻȥףΪλѩܣ
ϸԴϣɱˡ
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ɽϣչеѰУӭһʼϲľ䡣



1315 ƻֻۣһ
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ȻԶϣһӰ̤棬ӰΣʱͥŲ
˫֣ƽϢ޵Ԩ㲻ɲ⣬ϼӰӳյʥ߳ҫ졣



1316 Ļ
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Ŀ⣬ڴ˿̲ԼͬأһնӰ
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ֲޱտȻѾܶûѰˣ֮ǰѰѽȣͬն
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ң뵱꣬ѰһöǱΪѰΨаĳʥ֮УܵõӣھԵС

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1317 ֻת
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1318 һ
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ʱ׿֮ϻͨ콣֮
˽Ϊͨ콣ڿʦ磬ָͨ尵޹⣬Ӵ޷档
˽ΪʥԴΪã㱻ӡҹ
˽Уײʣ˼ܹԴ˽ɱеĳ
ڣ˽ʡ
ϣ
ףʮء
ͨ콣һؼ䣬ʱҶһⳤ磬ݺύչ
صĽӰ貵ĽâӿĽתĽơƬضǡ
磬
ִһеף˿紫˵еľ񣬳Ϊؼҫ۵һĨâ
Զǿ۾ʹ类񶼱嵽ֲ
껡ȾɫҲƥתٴС
⣬ף޵аĽ뢣
ɫ𺳡
׿ϻͨ콣ʹҪʩչǿƣȫ֣ûȥ׿⡣
ǳһЩͬ޽ź콾鲻Խ߬ƣܵһ塣
תս򣡡
أ׳ͨ콣ϵһһתͼؽ֮ĻתӿϢ
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ȡԵȭ֮Ի콣ӰײƬطơ
˿
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ƾγ棬ȴ޷ƿĻ
ն
ĵԳ棬תսУȻǧѾӨ貵ķɽɱ¡
飡
ÿһɽɱ֮ȻѰһһƿȴӰѹƣƵƵ𵴡
⣬˽𺧡
֮ǰħתս֣ȭǬһɨƣ׶Ѫˣơ
ɰͨ콣ʩչѹ׾ѧħòװصһЩƣҲȻ޴棡
ŵ˵˿ףѰһԸǿв
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תս򣬱һķâ㣬˺ѿкȻը顣
׷УѰӰһƮǬ
Զһ
ն
ն
ֱסѰ֮ڡ
һĿע£ͨ콣𣬶𣬽𲻿ƥ֮âײһ
ǰߣ｣򣬽Хâɱ֮ǬҡǺ
ߣӳԪն֮أ⣬֮أһнӰ
ԶԶһ˻ڣܵ޿״Ϣ֮С
ΪǵȽܣԶǵ
ͨ콣ǣˡ
У˶ݡ
ҲǴʱҲʶ׻԰ĵƣħ񣬺γûУ
ʮ꣬ϣԲһЩ
ǿӲʱĳ̶ۣ
ѰŶ̶ʮѣս֮ǿŻϹͷ
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ףͨ콣ҲȲ㣡
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գһжԹڴ˶ϡ
׻кܶƣɡ޹ؽҪ
ͨ콣ֻΪãҵĽ뿿ɱ㣬Ҳˡ
Ѱɱɲ
ֻϣȴһɿֲޱȵϢ
ۿɼ޷˿𽥻ҰףԭӨ͸ļҲ֮ʧȥ
ĿȴϢҲǿ
ǣʮݣƳܲס
⡭
ȫ궯˶ɫ䡣
껵ȾΪ֮𾪣϶ڶɱﵡ
ʱѰҲü¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϣܵһΣյϢ
䣡
ԥѰչ壬İĺÿһëףͷųӲӵĵ⣬ʯԡ
һ̣չġ㼫©֮ս׿ǰͷţ
ˣ
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Ϊģ컯Ǭ֮
꣡
ձ顣
ҲͬʱһĨȻָ罣һն
һѾã񣬳
ػ۶ҵȫںڴ˽֮ڣ˽˲Ϊؼҫ۵һĨ⡣
񷣬ݣ޹⡣
ΨһĨ粻㡣
һĻ˶˺Ŀ࣬˵еĹ֮ɣҲ˰ɣ

Ѱһȭ
ɲǼ䣬ޱߺ嫵ڿӿޱߵڴ˿̼ͷţһȭ
¡
һ˲緭ӳĩ֮
һ˲ȺۣԺȻɫ䣬̡
һ˲֮Ѱ֮ȭ㣬޵һ޷
ǡ֮޿״
䣡
ȫʧϣǰããʶ裬ٿнһ
껡ӵˣɢƣòǵȽĿֲನ
棬ضҲˣ
ſľ۰
һЩļ£֮ȣףѰչ¶Զϵľ۰̫ס
Ž񣬷ҫ֮֮࣬ͬУǶ֮â˸ŽȺף
ϧһοԾУעҪġ
ֻ𺧡㤡пĿע£ҰԿˡ
ͼϣѰӰѵ˳ʮಽ֮⣬ɢղ԰ףһĨѪգ䴽ǡ
ף򳤷Ұף£󰵵ϢǿĲ
һסˣ
ħܡ
УȺ۵ɴ۾
֮ǰһֱ޿ƥУ˾ɣվסˣ
ͬѰ䵲ס˽Ҳɣ
ƺǲʤһν档
һ̣ͼѰƽһҲܳ㻹ܶüΣ
ףսʱվң
͸޵֮ɣ



1319 Խ㽾
Ц
ɫ䡣
սʱĻῴѰս֮ǿҪԶԶԤ
꣬ڸѰ׷ɱΪʱŷ츳Ĺؼʱ̣޷ӳȫ
⣬ܴ衣
ʵʱУδѰС
꣬ƹضսǿ󣬱ΪնɱѰҲָ顣
˭룬֮չҲе⡢ľ⡢أ
״ûӦõӤ񣬾һƥ̬ܹ⡣
ҲûսʱеصѹòԼȫǱܺ͵ơ
һϵеġû뵽ؽӵһ⣬ףҲᵽвϢ
òԴȫ
٣
һƮ裬ٶնһ
ķ˿Ȼ֮䣬˪ѩ֮ɫ弡ˮƤ¶޹
һδ˪
ȫȺۣʧ
ˣ
ͼһӲӽ϶ɱУڱŷͻͲɱӡ
֮ղһʤ֣
ͬʱѰҲһ㼫©֮ȫת֮ŭսʥһȫ֮ȭ
¡¡
ײͽ棬ڳɢ
ܿ죬˱ΪѰ˵ʱգ㲻ҡĻ
ȽУ׽˸Ž񣬰Ⱥף˵ƥ֮ǿ
ѰҲȷĵˣɫҲԽԽ԰ףƵƵѪ
ȴѹƣ
෴ȼս粻ܲ࣬ԽԽ¡
ڴ˹У׵һͷȾ˪ѩ弡ϣһƵݰܵƤ֮ľ
Ĳ
սʱ˭һԾѲҡҲյĽ׶Σ֣֮Ҳ֣ܿ
𺳣ԡ
룬֮Ͼž֮Żƴ˾棬ݹ۹Ž£ҲҲһģ
֮սŽ
ף˽ĽΪ֮֪ɸҽһ
أѰڡ
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ħ񣬺ʱҲ
ף˿̶΢΢һɫĮƣоЦ
𣡡
ͼѰ͵һɫžָ֮Σӳ
ˣ
һһг֣ÿһ磬ȻһƳܲס
ˣֻѰһ඼һֻδֺݺ߬һ£ѪܵòѪ

һĨһ¶ʮ̮𡢳֮УεƣأȻ³
ͫȻɫҲһɲǼޱȣ֮ǰĲмѲɡ
ڽϵ϶ۣϾžſ޵УΪһ׷󾿼Ľ;
򶮽ʶҪ˸Ѱһ̺Ƕôֲ֮
ֻǡ
ȴ޷ţ
ѰȲ˼Ľ
ԸһɴʱĿѰһ֮Ϣȴһػݺͷ

ױȣ޷޷̣ܵƣһΣԵ˷ŭ
ڣһֲĽâţˣڴŹ뷢֮أƲסĽɢ
޽ʮأ񳯣ѰǵһܱȳҶô˽ˣ޺
˵꣬һͷѩ׷裬伡ѿһھޱȵĿע£һڳ
˽ױѧʮأСһѪԻڡ
˽;һӰ
ǡ
⣬ս޲壬ʧ
Ȼ֮ҲĬзκˡ
ѰĽδʧɫ˫
֮һƥĽۼӳ䣬ǰҫۡԻ͡Ѥáֲ˼ӵУ
٣
ԶѰָ£һ֮ڳΣƥ޿ɾ˫ס
˽Ǭ˾γ޾ڣֳֳĹ֮ϡ
˭ƾСϣ޿赲֮С
˽Իȥ޻ء
ն
һ֣Ѱͬһʱ̷
ͼ֮ϣӲͬӳ˴˶ȥ
ȫֻǰʹ֪类жϣƾֲڲ
껵һھҲۣ޷ʶŵһϸڡ
£ƴȫҲС
ֻܴһ棬Ѱ֮֮ǿˣвκ˵ĵزʶƣҲܹ죡
䣡
ΨıԾ֮ϵսģڶ𵴣ͷԾ塣
޷ĿãĽԱľζҲת֮顣
ڴʱȴԵǰ
Ҳ֪ãֻһ˲ɶ˶ԣȴһֻء
йۻָ֪ҰͿնħ̨죬Ŀȫǡ
죬֮״ѳѷ졢֣һ֮˺ۡ
أԻδɢ˸Ϣޱȡ
콣âУѪѪȾ˪׷ɢһֲҵϢ
棬ѰҲòͬȾѪѪ죬ɫ԰֮
ɣ߽ˣ
Ȼ𺳣뵽սеһչ¶Ѱܵסʮصһ
һĻ˲Ŀ
Ͼ׺ųƵͬһޣȫһڴ˿̣ȴסһ漣
˼ǣסһģͬһ
Խ֮׶ԣעһޱȵĴ
Ҳǡ
һЩ̾ϢòóϷ
ħ񣬾ڽס̫˼ˡ
Ⱥ㱡
Ψһźǣʼգ޷Ŀøղķ顣
ңε
껡ǣĬĬ˼⣬ǰδеļ޷侲
ۣ
͵أոߴ׾ҿԣѪУһĨ޷Ļް
ȫǿһȻɫ䣬µһֿܣѵ
ף㻹ʲôս
ԶѰ俪ڣ׵ĿУǵĮ
ڶԷĵطԷصĴζԸףǰʮֻ²ɣ
ҲѸء
Զһڣֱһ˿һĽơ
±壬Ҳ۲
㣬γˣ
ѰȻս˿̣ǲܵģԣ˺ء
ͬǿ֮ĩ
ɱ̫ã


1320 ɱ
عţѹֶϢǶҪ
˭սĻ
ͷƱҪ֮Ĵֲ
ˣ
ϣһ֣ںͶмҽͨ콣ٿȻأС
Ѻܾúܾãָоˡ
૴׿
Ŀ⣬ޱ֮ᶨȾѪ壬ǰδ֮ͦˣһɢһϡƽĴǡ
УȺ۽ĺͷƤը˿֮ףȼң
ħܹһλĽ뢱ȵòಫĵز˭ܵ
ػްհ
һεĴֲϢҲͨ콣һɲɢ
޿ɣͽ֮Ļǰǿһ
ϸ򡢴񡢰³ǵģڴ˿͵ӲǰδеĽšѹ֡
ԶѰɫƽڣһڴ˿̱ת˼زκα
дֲҺ㲻һЩ꣬ܶΣ̸Ͽо顣
Ѱڣ⣬治ɫ
ȻɱΣ
ľ飬ҪҪ׸
Ϊӳʱ֮䣬ֱӳɽ֮ס
½Щ꣬Ա΢ݽ֮ݣ΢ĩ֮У;ϣ꣬Ѫȡ
Ѫʱ޿̲飡
ףװͨ콣ڣһ·Уʦָ㡢и˿޾Դã;ɱ;δһܣɡ
ɿ֮ζ
˿̣ɱһп̬ɶѰԣ̬ĺܿЦ
΢΢һɫᶨˣΨ޼㣬עһ
˵գˣ޾Ľû콣Ƭأ׻籩
ǡ龭γһ˲ҡ飡
¡
һɲ˶׵ꡢѪ糹ȼգͶ뵽ͨ콣С

⡭ɱ𣿡
ս߽ɫͣһλϧĳ˭Ҳ޷𺧡
ǵͬһޣŻ겻ĽţƾĴǣмܱȣ
һ̾
һ׼֮;ɲǼ伫ȼգ˭ܵס
ɫ㱡
֪Ѱܷһ
ϸǣŵ඼·ҪˣǶѰţҲ޷š
Ϊ˿̵ףȫҪˣ
䣡
֮أͨ콣֮ƣͨ޾⡢âӿת
һھ޴ƥУ
һݵĽϢ˲ڳת˺顢ڱУĲ͵ػ޾Һ
¡¡
ݺǧ֮ڣľʯ棬ԺȻ飬̳衣
ã
һЩǿߣ嶼Ʋܿƣһبؼľ޴󽣵зȥ
ɣ
ƥڽ֮Уؼ䣬Ҫءȫһգ
ԶֲеޱȾ
Ѹһеڴһڣܵü˾޺ӣ
һЩҲȫֵٴУмޱȡ
ѰԽң˿̣ڴˣ
׵ᶨĮȻ쳹ؼ䡣
ӰûǾ޴ƥĽڡ
һѧ֮Ѫڴ˿̳ȼգһ
ֻΪնѰ޼
Ľҵ츳ΪҲ㣡
أѰЦһͷ͵Ʈ̤С
ȫΪ֮ɫĽУȴƱѰӣǰУȥ
ӰݶȻ
ɱѰֺξ
ʯ٣Ҳͦá
׵ƵĴ
ѰܿӿתĽ糯ʥһϡƽ顣
䣡
ֲޱߵ˺ԽԽǿ󣬽ն˺ݣ޾
ѰȥӰɲǼ䱻û
ԶԶȥһֻɶ꣬˽˽ͨأǰ˷һУǰСǰη塣
ʯ٣ɱ㣬ڴ˿̣
ѰûǰһƽȻ
¡¡
޴Ľת޾ĽӿУͨĴţԺ
̫£
ĿѰӰûУҲ֪ٵʧΪ֮ڡȻ
ˣҪͬھ𣿡
˾һԾ˭䣬¶ԣһʧ˽̫źˡ
УȺɫòƾβ̽޷ŵǽڵ
ֲ̫һУ
껡ǣ𺳣ɫһս˿̣Ƕʼϲܼ
ȥѰɱסվ˭ܹ
ߣͬھ
û֪
˶۾Źע
ǣҪõһ𰸣ΪһŽ񺱼ĿԾһš
ֻǣû֪뽣ڵѰƴյ˼£ɡ
δˣ
˿
ǰԴ̷⣬תɲĽ籩УҲƽأ
ֻǣɫȴøпӣ֮ǰǰƽ
ΪѰ˿̣ܵһϤϢӲȴѪ֮С
֪ԭԼ츳Ϣ
㡭
ͥŲѰԭɫƽᶨף͵סš
⣬һеһɱ޼
ǣⱻǿһȴ֮ǰһöû𵽡
ǿҵ类ڱһƹףױɫһǿҵĴ֮С
޼ΪУΨнҲԽԼһܣ
ȻǰһĻȴ޷ܣ
Ϊʲô
ͫţ嶼һ˵ķŭڡ
ģվ㡣
ѰֹԶףӰ㣬ԼµĵУɫĸп֮ɫѾһĨƽȡ
ƽŽ֮֮;ԿɻΪã㡭
һһ٣ᶨ֮
Ѱδֻ˵ҵȷĵף֮ܣͰڵ϶ߵ츳ϣ
ܣ
׵һ˲ŤԸ񣬺γһܣ

ȣȼգͨ콣ת޴ĽУɭɭ糱ˮѰ
Ѱȴ򷨲֣ƾܽϮҲ޷˺˿
Ϊǿһȥ䱾ʣվǽԭԼ츳֮ϣ
Ѱ£


1321 ΩԸǿһ
̫ˣ޷ڽԾʱԼԽԿ
ʶʱ̣ӶԼ츳ΪԴɱҪԼ
ϧˣ
ֻ¸벻ԼΪͻΪΪʱͬԴҲɱ䣬츳ͨ
Ԩ񷣡
ǱԴ֣ͬҲ츳һͨ֡
״ʹڣΪܹԼ츳ƾѰ󾿼;עǲܾ츳ͨġ
ΪԨ񷣬վ
ǰ⽣У߱ǿޱȵѰУŪ
¡¡
糱ˮĽڳǵĨɱһЩ
ȴ޷մȾѰһ˿
һĻɫ࣬ԭޱȵĵģڴ˿̲
ţ
Ҳʣ
ⲻܣ
ͷɢ˰㡣
ʮ꣬۱ѪһȴԷһë˲׶ԣֱһصԸӵĴ
ͽԸվ㣬ֻȴһֱŰˡ
Ѱɫƽ
ܣ
˻𣬴˿̵һ޵ķɣԵľȡ
ܣұʶһ£ʲôĴԨ񷣡
أѰ巢⣬ٿȻ䣬һڴԨӿ֣ݵи
޾ǳУ
ɲǼ䣬ǽУͣͣҷбļ˰ݡ
㿴ⱻߵҲֻǰ׳Ƴã𣿡
ѰڷƮԴƽȴشô׵ĵϡ
ɫұãŭʣǶѪͫѰԽܡ
һҵͷȴԼζһ󣬶Ǿˮ°㣬κ޵߱
ۣ
գ״ڿѪɫð
֮ǰսУѾˣֽѪһڣľС
˿ˣֳһּļ
ǣѰǣƬ̣ɫ±ƽ
ǱӦ
һɱͦ罣һĽ
ⲻǱӦҲűӦ֮˵
ѰȻбӦ׵ɱּһڵ֮󣬾ӦⱨӦա㻹ţһñ˭ҫۣʱҾ֪ϴޱӦԣֻԼ
˵˵ǶԵģӦ֮˵Ͳڡ
Ҳ֪ʲô£ɫ粻¶һĺĺ⡣
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ãૣ̧֣͵زԼţһƤѪȪˮ䡣
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Ϊ̰츳𡭡׵ͷģűԼƿȴƻȻ
ΨУ¶ʹޱȵĹ
δ𣡵δ
һεѪšָл䣬龰ԵøѪȺˣѰҲü
ϧվңȻҲףףʱṳ֮̂·
˵⣬һӱüޱȣйѹֵ
ѰɫĮȻ
ȥͬˣᡣ
ͨ
֧վûס̱գΨֱɡ
ͷȻǰѪܵ˿ڣĿ⿴ѰɫҲǱøޱȣƽѡҲԳѾܾòʧ̬ˣȴϣǰ
𣿡Ѱ
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˵⣬ȻʵǶһˣֻǣеѡҡûѡ
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㡣
ã׼ѵ̧ͷ̯ƣ¶һӨӨ׹ıԴ
Ѱ̽һץȡ֣ȴҲһָۣͽ飬Ʈ
һɱңΪ˶ش
УĴزԣҶԣûˣҲҵĵ;
ѰȻӾʱֻһ뷨ס
׺ٵһЦԳ
лˣ㻹ĵȵڣǰܷӦһСС󣿡̧ۿѰ
ѰĬƬ̣˵
Ǻοü両һĨ˵ɡ
㱼䣬ָھ޵ķ緶һһٵΩԸǿһϣ
ѰüëһЩ⡣
ã
Ӧˡ
䣡
һڴԨֶգϢУƥĶս֮С
Ѱ־ӡڣ
̧ͷһĻĿиֳԡ֮̾ɫзһ̾
ڴ˵Ŀˣ
䣡
һڴԨû񷣬Ǻ
˿ֻ̣һˣС
ԺУһĻĻ

Ǻʱڣѩ
Ĵͯǣѩȥ
̫ˣֻźƾްкշ࣬ݴӿ˽Ų
ΪϾ͵ˡ
ĸ׿϶Ѱ࣬أӦûڷɣϾҪԼѧãҪһʲƵĻ
кС֪ĸҲӲίСͺܶ£ҲӲԸøĸΪԼġ
ֻǵʱкȴסˡ
ͥԺһİѩȴѪʬ壬ѩϣһһŮ
Ƽݣü価Ƿ˪֮ɫǴԻŮü˳һλ͵ƶũ
һѾУɢ˵ȴڵסͥԺŨŨѪȡ
ϣѩƮкһθо˺䡣
Ȼһǣ꺱޽ţ
һӣкǰסĴһͨĦϾЦ⡣
ߣʵ
ӽк𣬴ǰУкɫľȻʼղһΨ۾ŽԶȥͥԺ
ͥԺѩѪˮա
ĸĸԶˡ

ʱкѳΪͨ콣޽ͯн֮죬һЩ곤߽硣
СȸأҵСȸأ˭ˣ
һ죬к񷢷һѰСȸһֻȸͨʱһ
һֻëѣҪӰĽġ
ǻٴγ֣ɫ棬Уһֻȸʬ壬кǰҡΡ
кһ˲סУ޷εĺ⡣

ʮʱ
кѳɳΪһ꣬չ¶â˾̾
ݺϽȥɱ
ţճһŮ
һΣȴþûŮݺ
üЩãûãĬˣһʬ壬˶ͥԺ
һԲţ˾ʱɱСȸĴѩɵѪѩϵĸĸ
һ֮귢֣ͨ콣£˭ԼٲԼӴ
Լ


1322 ȫԼ
ԽԽĬÿ춼ɮһеʱ䣬ϡ
ĵʹࡢߺޡʡ˿֪
ҲΨУΪΨһľ֧š

ǻٶȳ֣һ뿪ͨ콣ڣ½׵۹
ǣǿиӤյһرԴȥ
죬Ӵ壬´

һΣѡܾ
ʱԼҵѪȾһ޷ȥʣĥڡ
ͬ飬ȫİļͥ
ңҪ䵱֣ýޱȵִͿܡ
ž
ģȴһǶ⣬һĻ㲻ȥұĽǣǸӤˣ
һϣּҵϵ˱¾һգѪȾϴķ塣
ΪʲôҪôǽȡԴΪҪɱˣ
ŭޱߡ
ɡ
شģֻƮƮ֣еķŭ

ҷģһ죬ɱ㣬һ
һ꣬Ϊͨ콣һ־ǿʱȴ˶ġ
ңޱȼᶨĽİ㡣
Ҳڵ죬ٴҵ˵˺ܶ໰
ߣɱ㸸ĸѪǣңɱȸһĨ飬ɱŮ澣顣
ûң㲻н죬·ˣҲʦȻҲ޵ˡ
һ죬ܹɱң˵֮ҷο
ҪסǿĽΨѰ٣ֻ˵˵ǰ򵥡
һ죬ĪʹУҹһľϵĥͼ尾
չء
һչأʮꡣ
ʮУΨн

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һʼҾûѡ
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ǣԾݺŻ򣬱һһޣεҫۻԻͣ
ɣ˭֪Ǳȵģ

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ѰĿһĻɫ
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ѵȴһ̫ã
ڵ˶һԹѰУܲʹ죿
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Ѱ𣬵й¶ܸ׵ľŻԾ֮ĸأԼ⹫ﾻһλͨ콣ųϡ
Щ꣬ѰѴ̽ءﾻй¶Ϣף߶ϲܻ֪½лһӤճʱ߱Դ
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ˣǰʶļ䣬ϧ̫飬ֻѼһС֡
أСƿ츳ܹȡǰһЩ䣬ѡ
һƹĹΣСгɣס
Сԥһ£˵ʵǸޱȵļһ
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ʱкĻһֻͨͨȸ
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֮ǰʧ̬¶ޱȵĺ⣬ҲȻһ˵Ĳʡ
ڣѰ޵ģˣǸˣıһҲٵԭӵеһС
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Сʡ
Ѱҡͷǰ֪Щ飬ҺҲǲݵĵˣֲܻı䡣
СҸоɶǵ׵Ǹӣˣֱԣ磡
У͸ŷŭ
ףһɽҰͯҾƶȴһ͵ĸĸ籦ȴΪǣһ֮
ҲΪһǣһ޷ɢӰ
˸еƵǣɱ丸ĸˣȴΪʦΪ䴫ҵ
״һ̿ʼͱŴң
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ѰһĿˣȷɱ
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꣬Ӥ츳ȻߣδǱ¹¹¾ߡ
ңɲ֪׵겢һжѰɣɱ¾У顣
Ͼ׵۹֮ǿдۺ͵ۺȴɿһѪ鷢
У϶Լ޷֪࣡
ˣѱ𣬸޷ռ䡣
Сҡͷ
Ѱһ֪̾⿪ţԺǱҪ·½һ˵ġ
䣡
ڴʱһͨ콣ľ޴УȻбѤꡣ
ǣ
磬ͻȻ䣬껡ӵһ
ţҶĦڭ㡢桢ˣҲһ
ϸҲĿࡣ
ֳʤ𣿡
ԶǿߣԵɴ۾ͼһĻ
ͼи֮£һۡ
һͦӰȾѪкѤýâУƻãبŲࡣ
ֱϨعžʱҲûм׵Ӱ
Ψһԭ׵İƹžɵͨ콣һͦӰС
أһƬʧ
һ죬֮ĻѲԶ
ħնħ̨ۣܾ֮潣ף佣
һĿƹŽ񺱼ĿԾħʤĻ
ȫԼš


1323 һ
ѰӮˣ
껣һ˿п
ֱʱľ̲һĨ𵴣޷ɢղһսһĻĻѰʱĿд˵ʡ
ϧף統մգȴ׹ڽ񳯣Żԣƽּȡ
ૣˮӰá
ȷ̫ϧˡ
޴սڵУ׵Ľ裬ԺעҪΪһ԰Хŵľʥ
̾ɡ
һսѰ֮˿ɵ˿ѹԺ󡭡ֻҲ˿ɼɣ
ҶĦڭ桢㡢ȵȾ˿ȴӣ
һսڸǹŽ񣬿ǰ
׵䣬ΪһʯƱػѰ֮ﵽһǰز
Ժ󣬱˵ѹƣ׷ֻ¶ѣ
ͬڳ;֮ЩԣȻζӳ¡
ûԸԼˣ
ɣԴʱ֮Ѱȴòϣ֮Ծѹǰ޴
Ӯˣ
ϸ򡢴񡢰³ǣĻüɫ裬ɡ
ΨѰȴһ̫ˣνʮĥһ˶
׾ˡ
Īɫ㱡
ôϣӮ

ĪӶʱΣæĿܣֻǸпһޣڴˣֱһ
ӡҹ巡ЦԣҲУ겻ѡ
ףĹŻ򣬿һλҫƥĴڣھͬѹӢ̧ͷ
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ڣװˣҲԶˡ
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ֲޱЦڣת
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֮˿̵ħڴս֮ʱ̣ʱͼ졭
ǻɱħѵʱ

ϸǴŭ䣬Ļ̥ĸ˵ĹҲվ˵
ͬʱʶɢѰ
ѰɫܶƵ飬⡣
Һѣôͳ䣬Ļ̥ˣȻѰ˴ܹȻȥҲҪСģΪò˶ãռеؾҪ֣̫أֻ»ֲΣա
һٶſ˵֮ˣһѪ꣬Ϣ䡣
칷Ĺװԣ
ϳԷݣг궯
˿ɶ֪ʱѰͺʹ
ֱ붫ʤ磬ѰλصġŮʥһ̤칷ɽţɱһ𶯡
ǣһ
³һڡ
һʱ䣬Ⱥɫ⹶װԻǹ죬ʱƣѣ
װԻȻΧĿ⣬ͬڳ֮ڣȻ˲ԸѰ׻ָģĻ뵽ռеصľУĻлȥȡصġʥ
һ仰вһɫ䡣
װԻе˼̫ˣ˵ħ²μռеصľҲûв
һ׻ָȥμӾ˾ûٻˣ
Ͼ׶֣˭ѹס
˭־ڲμռеؾģԲò⡣
װڴ˿˵һֹǰػģڹƻȺۣìͷѰ
Ϊ˿̵Ѱ̽һռеؾǿһ֣
ڳȺۣܹЩľɱлڣȻûһ޴֮˲йؽڡ
һʱ䣬ɫԶ𲻶
Ѱüװ䲻һǺޱȣɱ˲Ѫ
ۣ
ڴʱض֣ɲǼڹװǰ̽һץӦͱժͷ­

ѪȪˮӹװͷʬϱѪȵһĻڳˡ
ԻڣĿ
ɫ䵭׵磬ɨȫ˭ȥѰԾĵֶΣֻ
Դϣ
ټ껱һλǿľһڣóΪ֮һࡣ
ѰЦЦûж˵ʲôֻǶ࿴һ껡
˭վ
ϸУɱڡ
Ͱ³Ҳһɱ
ǡ
ӡĪӡҹ巡Ц졢ֲޱҲ½վ
óȺĲɫá
һѰǿ˾ٿЩˣһǶһ棬Ծһľۺˣ
һȺݽɫһվѰ֮ǰ˭ָ
ټе껱̬˵ʱ˭ѰȥǺԼȥ
ռеأ콾֮Ψ콾ߣʸ롣
Ȼӿڣᵭġ翣Ϊ콾ԵԵס֣η塢ɵһЩˣһЩӵֶΣڳ콾
˵գӰһƮȻȥ
ţȺҲ½ɢȥٶȥǱҪѰͼɡ
Ҳڵ죬һսϢͬһ磬ϾžϿա
һʱ䣬ЩֲϾžͬ򣬶ûǰսǿߣĪС
ħӮˣ
˵ͬһף
˵ʱɱûܰĽ֣ħˣĿ£ȴȻȥܵκӣ
һбԳ̣˭޷ݡ


1324 ͼıʥ
Ҫͬ޵𣿡
˾̾
ǰռ콾һλö꣬Ͼžվ۷ǿߣʱ䲻ٴνв飬ӹɣսǰ֮оԴ´ࡣȴû뵽ȴɰܸħ񡣡
һЩǿ߰̾
ϢһЩ͵Ѱǿߣһ롢Ρҵı顣
Ѱ̫ǿˣ
ԽϾžݺأްܼ
ڤӡŷӡͥٵյףһδΣÿΪѹѰʱϣŤתǬ
⣬̫ļ¡
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е𺳡Ȼ̾һɻӿÿһǿߵͷ
ȷǣħ˫ޣΪڳ߽پˮ׼Ѿͨ񣡡
ңڴƿϣħҲ£Ӧ˲ֹһֵͨ塢塢̫ȵȡ
˼ǣĵƣһּ亱Ĵ紫˵еĴԨ񷣬֮һޣ
ħ񾿾ж£Զ϶ǣ֮ͬУ֮⣬ֻ˻֣
һλƶϺͷ
Ըˣ³߰˸ͬֻ¶Ѱ쵽ɣ
껡ǣӦԺħһߵ͡
ѾʼݣѹѰǽ޵еˡ
ħ뵽ռеصľУ˭֮ܵ
һЩ콾ϵǿߣ磬Ѱǵѹʵ̫ˡ
ǺǣҪ֪Ѱǿܼ򵥣ռеس֣ҪʥƱػ͵껡ӵȾ﷢ͻʱǿһĿȻ
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˶ʱڣħܴлָ𣿡
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һţ
Ѱս콾ڼ
ڣҲԴһݰϣ϶Ѱμռеصľ
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ѰѾڶѵӵ£ص˷ɽϡ
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һʢľϯҲڵĻ
˽ԣڹŻʱѰ˾ԵеĴһˣһڹϵͳ˸֮Ϊѣ˴֮ԡ
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ۣЩѰϹǸᡢǱҲޱȹǰ;
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һͳիޱɽҹϡ̵ȵȡ
ѰЩлڶˣҲӣߣͬ£һ־֮ͬѣ
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˶ݸ
ϸҶĦڭСԬѰ̸жٽ飬ҲԺ͵޹ء
ǵĵѰҲЩ⣬Ҳͦˡ
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Ԭ
䣬ͱ³ϸһţƣȵ룬˶ˡ
һϯֱʱŽһڱ½ɢȥ

ʥǣ۳ʥ֮أϾžһ컯
ϯѰϸ򡢴񡢰³Ǿһռеص顣
ϸ˵ҵ֮Զ볤߽پҵĵزʥҲѲԶˣʥ֮£Ե濼ǡ

˽Եͷ
Ž٣֮󣬱ǳʥ
ʥκһ޵ﵽľ硣
У޵߳ҲΨʥһ
ִ˾ͬ٣ԣԳ棬Ͷ֮䣬з츲֮ܣ֮۵Ĵڡ
֮ǰѰʥף
˾Ҫˣд֮С
۳ʥ͸ˡ
ʥα֣֮ŻУʥˣֻαʥǰ·ҳɾޣʥ֮𡣡
ϹʱҲˣʥ֮·ǵܹȥߣ֮٣ԣܵõǡʥҵȶԣڳʥʱһЩա
ҵ۳ʥ߲ͨͬ٣بδУ˵ĲҪһ
ϸ˵
磬ô
³Ŀ⿴Ѱ
ȫԸаɡ
ѰԼĵ;ŲͬĿǡ
ǵã뿪׵۹ʱʥ֮ɷ½Ѱ٣
½磬䱻Żƶû֮أΨѰ½ʵܡ
ϹĴ֮һĹ棬λ½硣
λ꺣һڣڲشֲ
ٱ߱Ѫսɣֵء
Ҳá
ϸǼˣҲ֪Ѱ֮޸ƣǿǷȥμռеصľ
Ҳһ߻ᣬѰǾԲģ


1325 ռе

ҹѰϥھ֮أʼ޸ơ
׵һԾյһս
ƲΪӪȲʤȯɱʵ޷ѹ͸
ͷбԴãҪסǡɱһѣ
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УĵĹ̡
ľɱ䣬Ϊȴ޷洦
ˡ
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ţ
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죬ֲϾžͬǿߣʲôͣжĿ⿴񷡣
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ֻǣǾ󶼼ģѤõĽУ֣ƾβ̽Ҳ޷ݡ
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ߣ
ڿˡ
ʥջ˭У
ǿߡͷܵٻ㣬׷ǰֲϾžе콾սǰ

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ֻ֪ǫѷȴ֪ȫϾžע˿ɵС
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СչһɫͫУ˵Ĺ
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СЦҿӦúܸ˰ɣϾһԸκ˴޴ѹ
ٳϽ߰ɡ
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³ʵؼҲǵע⣬һ̽Ϣ֪ռеڽպճ
߰˰ˡ
ѰڴһϮ°ɫ̬УɽƺУԶϸǵ貽⡣
ǷҪھȥռеأ
³ϸ򡢴ǶĿȣڡʥǿǴѾá
Ѱһ˵Ҫȥ
ĿǰƻδϣңľУһЩսδ
³Ϊԥ
ȥɣȰҴ̽һǵطʵҳ׼׵ʱԻȥѰǡ
Ѱ֣Ǹߡ
磬һҪ
ԶԶأ³¡
ѰЦͷĿȥתؾ֮ء
ǣ۳ʥ֮صġʥ޶Ȥ
Ϊĵ;ǰδУͬ۳ʥעҲȫͬ
ʥǣ۳ʥ֮أԼףʥվҪԼ
οĿǰѰȷû׼á
ʱţȥ
磬ռеصϢϾžע²ܲУҲǿߵ񶼱
ں棬֮򼴽ĻһУ˭ܳΪӮң
ң˽ͳƣĿǰ콾ǰһİѽռеء
ˣԼĪҵǿߣҲڣǽ콾ϣѱǿߡ
ħ
Ҳע⵽ʼգѰ˵ռеˣֶ콾ϣ
Ҳĸп
ħսףεǿȴˣռеصĻᣬ˭ܲꡣ
ɽ
˿̵ѰɫһĨǰδеľϲһƲסļ
Ϊѳ׻ָǾڽ죬Ծˣ
ɲԾȪһިݴǰԾϯضӰһƥļӰɽƵӳ£ƽһ׵Ϣ
㷢٣ݱǰݣȴԵ¡续ɡ
޳ƵʮָУһأðľʲ豭ˮѰ롣
棬ѰĵļԾѳЩ飬һһ˵
ԾЦţʱһڲˮҲһ˵Ļϲ
®ӣѰڤ֮£ڤӽȺ֮á
Щݾ֪ϲ£ִŵģΨеȴ֡
ֱڤǿߵΧҲԷ꣬Уֱڲ
óѰҲܼܻϲԾѺãӨĴǲԾһĨȣһжЦ⡣
Ѱ˵ʲôȫûȷǰѰҲţ顭һҲҪˡ
˵˰죬Ѱֻڸʱһֻһ豭ǰ̧ͷͼԾЦȰɡ
Ѱ豭һʵǲһֱû˵ʲô
Ծգգ۾ˮƵ峺ͫﾡӯӯЦ⣬ڲŷ֣̫
峺ö
ѰʱЦұǱ˳ͷʵϲʤԽ
ԾһӨ׵ľϣȻһĨ̺죬ƽһֽɫ
ʶѰһ´ûһԽԽˣĪЩ꽻˲ٺ֪һ⻨ԡк˴ĺñ£
Ѱɫһ͡
Ծѽһ仰ʯ쾪С֪ЩǺǡ
Ѱɫʱ̣ͷֱðߡ


1326 

һ뵽СѾͷѰ鲻Խ𣬵뿪ǰ˵Ǿ仰
һ
֣ƽֻǳȥһ⣬ܿͻ
ڣȥʱѾཫʮˡ
ʮ˰
ĪأѰһ㱡
庣ϣڳԳƵ޺ͬҪսںڰɱ䡣
Ȼ뿪ְֳ׹ǳìڿշҡȥǰһδ֪ĺڰ硣
˵һ˵ս
ô㻹ˣ
棬Ծ峺ͫڱʯƵ
ǣһƯļӰɽӣ޷
Ծѣһ׵Ļ㴼Ĳ裬ԽӴԽĿ
Ѱҡͷͷһ˿ȻǣңЦЩ꣬һ˼;Ŀ˵ǰк˴䣬⻨ԡ
ԾӨ׵ı΢¶Цûɡ
Ѱһͷо̫ˣʵķƵģֻӡ
ܹ⣿
Ѱ˼Ŀ⿴ŶԾѣòϣԾѣˡ
ѰţԾ΢ȣϲҾͲඣѣҿ㹴˶Ůˡ
Ѱ΢΢һЦȻѿڶֻѣ
ԾȻ㶿ѰҲ֪ʶʲôͰƵȾһĨ죬̷ȣһˮƵҲһ˿
һʲôʱȻˣ
Щ벻ʶЩ޴룬⣬ôش
žણ
ĲɣЩĻŻ㱣һУ豭Ȼ׹䡣
Ѱۼֿ죬æץȥȴ޹Ƶһֻ֡
ȴԭԾҲʶץڲ豭ϣϷѰץסˡ
ɲǼ䣬˶һĪһ˴˶ӣգĪرó
ƳŲסֳ컵ķΧͷĿҲ֮ŵС
Уһӡ

𾳡
콾սǰһǿ߻ۣ֮£Ѥöʵͨأǣͨصġռеء
ѾʼˣҲ֪ռеУźεĻԵˡ
ૡ
ЩעǺҵԵģ콾񣬾ųɵǿԵС
˰̾
ٺ٣λҲ٣һ룬ħεȿµһλڣҲһûнռе𣿡
Ц
һ仰вǿҲЦ˵ħҲȷùġ
ףεҫۣ
ҲΪһսȴˣԵռеصľҲ̫ˡ
ǱӦү˳ۣѹһѹͷͷϾžУ˭ε
Ҳֻ
Դˣ˽ѡĬûиͣϾž˭޼ɵħ
ֻ˵ΪΣգһħУǺɲ˭ܹܵģ
ֻ֮ˣһ꣬ӦԼʱԵЩΣЩŭֹѵ˵д𣿡
Ĭˡ
棬һȺΡ
⣬ѰϾžơ
ǰʱԡִɡ
Ѵͬ
ӵоԵʵҲעӵ޿ɵӰһ㣬Ѱֵ쾡¡
˭ȥɺͳԵúܿЦ֪
ǡô˵ˣ
ǽջ𣬸оֻܻһħѣ˼ɻ䣿
ǣ㿴˭
һĵǿ̾˿ѡ
һ㶣תһ͵ػһ׻Ƶģ˶ɵˡ
ħ
ԶһŮⲽеģ忡о׳֮Ů续ϡ
ӣȻѰ
һƬžҲףΪ˻֮Ĭˣһ뵽ԼղŵɫҲһףвڣȶЩ
군ˣ
ڱ˵żһﻵƫƫԷ⡭ֱûʲôˡ
ʱ궼޲óԼͣ
εǣʼգѰһֱۣӾˣȻҲûиƽϡ
ý갵ɿͬʱһɥ
ֻ羴η飬ף֮ѰǺε֮ʢ
գѰԾһ콾սǰ
ҵյִϾžʱй飬ʱڵھʮλˣҲϲ⡣
Ծѿսɫ䷺һĨ㱣ڣֻԶԶ޷ˡ
Է꣬ŲѣʩչһΪӡط
ͬҲ֮ʩڳ˯Уֻأĥޱȵá
ԾǳپĳУѻ¼侪˵ĵУֻҪԸ⣬ʱƾڽ
ҪԣѰ
ԾѰһۣôżûȤ㣬ǸϽ԰ɣħȻռеҲˣͽ˳Ц
˵һƳԶǽꡣ
ŮˣǺܼǳģ
һɫ׽ӣһͷղˣλˡ
ѰȻ˻֣úͶԷƽϡ
ֵѣλ˵ĲսǲǰռеزμӾǾ̫ϧˡ
У˹ڡ
ǰֵһԡ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ƣǴҵ
ԾЦһΣѰġ
û취һֱ̫ʥˣȻռеضȥֱˡ
Ѱ֪ԾѾȻΪԼʱʱסˣԽܣΨ
Բ̰
Ҳá
Ѱǰ˿һѤöʵգĿǰ콾սϡ
ѰʶͶյʱȫĿҲǽϣϢ񣬾ȴš
˽֪ӽϾžѰйһ콾ԣ֣Ҳڰϡ
һţЩ֪ۣս콾ڼλ
ɴվֻǴ⣬档
ڣѰˣ
Σעڽ¶콾ϣ
˭ܲע
ˡ
һƬžУƬʱ䣬һƥĽ⣬ٿȻ񷴹䣬ѵأԻҫۡ
ѰӰҲ˲ͱ޾ԡƻã̵۾Ҫ
Լ䣬ƵоƮؼ䣬ʥׯࡣ
һʱ䣬ȫ˶ס

ڵ콾һʱֹһΣڵ콾һʱҲֹһΡ
գһٶȳˣ
ˡ
תѤ꣬ѰӰʥٳһƵؼƮţֱġ
ԱߣԾѿһĻԡڽԡеһͦӰһҲһĨƵĻȡ


1327 ռս
콾սǰȸ
˵ɫ𺳶ô͡
һ
Ͼžλװռ꣬Ҳ껰ռꡣ
죬λϣһµ֡
Ѱ
ң̼޲ۣһǳɣһٶڷ̫죬Щ⧲
ףħأ
أ˾У˳еļž
ĿɨӳУŶ֣֪ʱѰӰʧͬԾѣҲټ
ռеأעҪڽ籩
˭ѰѾռеˣϣҲ֮УϾУδ̫ϧ
Ȼٵ֮ãƾħչֳսȥʥҲǲܵ顣
ɫᶨ
껵ȥˣζţ콾ľϣҲħ񣿡
٣Ҳ֪껵֪ϢʱǺε顣
к䶯Ȼϡ
ΪһȴħܣռеУħ棬ǿ
˶ڴ
һ죬Ѱ𾳽вԣһժ콾һͷΣϾž
޿ɣһעٱˣΪռеĻʱ֮棬Ҳʹ˲β

ռеء
һԡʥеؾؼ䣬һƬȻ֮
һ޴ޱȵսС
սͨӲӵ֭ҺʥϸŷܵĽͼ
սܣһϵʯ飬ǧ֮ࡣ
ЩʯǷ塢иƬͷǵ壬񿥽ɻˡбؼסӰΰƥ壬С
飬֮ڡ
ÿһʯ񣬽һʥĹУɢ˵ƣһʥͣڸ
ֱ˻ɣֱһʥ֮ء
䣡
ʱǽӲӵսУһսݣһһӣһի˼
֮䣬ɱңųԲͬвʱһ󾪺
ս⣬һǿ߽ڽŹע
ܹռ֮صǿߣȻ콾ϵİ
ɴʱȴԵþȻֻǹսδ˲֡
ǶսĹء
컯սǿߵĶԾֻʤʮɻһ컯
֣ᱻʸ
ռսеĶԾѾʶ˭˵صĹأ˭Աӡ
䣡
УһײӿѪӰһ׹ڵء
¼ˣ䡣
ӿɬ
ϣ
齣ˡ
ͷǺˮɷףϣҲǸ˶ѪȾ½
ɴʱȴһ˵ϲãһһ˿޷εļ
Ϊʤʮ
УһȻ̾ףأҲۡ
ϵؽʮλưǿһһսһյʤһܣɲ˭ܰ쵽ġ
һͳիĵһˣӵӡ֮ѿǳ뻯
˸п

ϣһ֪Ժηׯۻ롣
һռսи֣ӿڡ
ӯսǧʯȥ
컯ӡһʯС
ÿһʯ񣬽ԴһֿϵĴУ
ΨлʮʤߣʸǰȥӦѡȡһŴС
ڼ֮ǰѾʮͨʮʤʯǰڽܺ͸򴫳С
Уе껡ӡԬ졢СȵȾ
ϸ򡢴ҲС

һɫ棬ʼЩûбѡеʯǰһһиӦ
ÿʯӡĴУܹӦͻõҪ޵ԼȥӦ
ΨеõһϵĺӦܹܴС
ûãͣһŵʯǰУһǿҵĸӦͺ
һ⽣Ըѧ
һɣҲڼԺ˲֪ǰʯݣϹʱһλԡԹ塱Ľʥ
⽣λʥΪһŴС
ԥͷӦ
ϥأĸ֪
ͬʱռսУ³
˭밳һս
³Ӱ۾ŷѪһǬ֮Զˡ
˶ɫ䣬ֱӾͷˣҰ˰ļһһλǿߣùڣ컯ǿޱȡ
ô죬ѾǵˣٲûнһĻˡ
硣
ʮʤԾ󣬾ͻĻ
ʮʤǿߣܹڵʱڶ档
أӡռսС
죬ǵһֶԾһ졣
һս
أ˳սͬһߣһһĻޱȵŮӡ
Żսף¶һСɫ֫ӯӯһգǰˣֳ߳ŵĻȣ͸˵ıը
ȻҲһֱջͷ顣
裡
˾ϳŮݡ
ţһβе㣬ϹʱʶǻۣһλʥĴУ̼¡
콾ϣλеʮλ
³λеʮ
ããã
³һˣ´Ŷ裬ʺ﷢๾̿ˮ
ȫ㵣Ұ˻ǲԼġͰ
һ˪޳ܣ
䣡
֫͵һš͵ڿգָ̽һӡ£ƥ硣
һ˻𱬣ޱȵŮˣȴڴ˿չ¶Ես̬ȫ۾һ
³ǹЦţӭȥ湻ģҽСƤ
¡
ռսУһ֮ĶԾʹݡ
ѰԾһռսǰʱͿһĻǲһ鴤
ǵһμ³ˡܣҰƵģҲ̫㣬ڡ
ֵܺλˡ
ԾЦ
ѰҲЦˣ˵³һڲͬȻϲ˻𱬵μˣζȷܶء
һ߹սһߴռսҲܿ˽⵽˹ĸֹء
һΪֻʥû뵽˵ؾഫ컯
ѰĿ⿴Զǧʯ
ԣұǰ񲻾ʹȻ᣿ɵúúллҡ
ԾЦ
а˵ɣôл
ѰҲЦˡ
Ծ룬ЦҪʥ
˭룬ѰȴʹشӦã
һ֣˼ȴԾѲһæҿЦģɱ棬ҿɲʹ㡣
ԭѰҲֻǵ٩ɼԾżģкЦһʥѣ͵Űɡ
ǣλѺôĿ
ڴʱһһߡ


1328 һĨ
˵ˣһΪԸӣһϮۣٷ磬пƣһŴ̥ʦϹŵڣʮ㡣
콾ϣڵʮһΡ
֮ǰעս˼ǷҪ³һսʶղѰԾѵĽ̸δע⡣
ֻǣʥʱʱ
䵱ѰҪʥһŮʱʱ̲סˣϣ˴Բ֮ˣ
ǣԳ
ɵתͷѰģʱɫʱһڴǵЦҲ̣˲һģʧ㡭ôˣ
Ͱ͵ġ
ѰһЦΪʲô
ǡ㡭ҡ
״ΣǺ죬ԵúǱͲûиղԸ̬񷸴ѧΣ޲طȥ
ȷ̫ˡ
ȻЦħܴ⡭ֱԼ
ʱǷľٶҲ𸽽ڹսǿע⣬׷׶Ŀ⿴
ǾȲ̬ʱһ⣬һλôʧ̬
ѰʱЩǿߵ۾ʱֱ鲻Խصһ㶼Ϊۻˡ
ħ
ռеˣ
죡
⡭
Ⱥ۽Է¡
ǰռеһڰ콾½룬ΨһҫҲӦóľѰ
ʱ˸пռ֮עҪѷɫ֣Ϊħû
Ҳкܶ˰ңΪħãע˴ѹ
һЩֻߣΪѰˣԵҲ̫ù
ڣ죬Ѱˣ
ۿʱֳ˭ƽ
ַһĻܿͲ򣬵ѰʱЩԭڹսǿߣҲǵɴ۾°Ͳ
飬ܿͲռսһʱ䣬õսзһԾ˹ע
ѰһĿⶢţӣҲһɻ󣬲Լֵ
ףΪζħˡ
ԱߵԾѼˣһ⣬Ͼž
磡
У³Ҳ˳ı仯Ѱʱʱ;ϲг
ֻǣһͰ磬ͷˣСƤҲĿ⿴㣬ﻹҵĴڸУ
һ仰üŭɵҲұų죡
ҵô֪ѵ㳢ûСƤռұˣ
³УһܾȺίӡ
һӣðɣݽҧһȼ棬ױˣһҪ³˺ļơ
Уս¡¡ȸղŸˡ
ֻǣȴѺ˹עΪѰĳ֣Щ
û취նħ̨ϣɱ׵һλˣռսɵѹ֮˭ܵ
군ˣħһ˭棿
̾Ϣ
ʡʡɣеѹǵ껡ǣƾ㣬ҲħԾ
Ц
ʣʱˣƫƫħڴʱ֣˭Ҫʮʤֻ¶ȹħǹأһܹڶ϶Ҫһ
侲Ҳܳء
ʱңͽκΣ
̾һݵģ
㿴˵ֵͳҲ˵˼㣬ҲһӺˮ޵ģЩ꾿˶ٻأ
Ծգգ۾һ˿Ƥ֮ɫ٩
˶ٻûֻ֪ƾôĽ飬ҿ󲻴Ӧúġ
ҲΪڳһ֡
һ˫ˡ
˻һԾһ죬ݺݵѰһۣǰ³һ֮ѣԽԽˡ
ѰݸǰɺټԾ¶㽿ε̬
˽̸ʱ򶼲ƽѰǿƽ֮һֶԾı
ЩѰ⡣
ԸͿʵƵľʱ˼̫࣡
ûãѰϣ³ҲһȻ
ɵ飡
սУݱò˵
첻飬ԸУ
³ת߳ս
Ѱſ³ǹã࿴˰³һۣΪ׷˼ңһѪ
³һЦҲʶ·ӡʥŮľɫС椺ܶθڣһֺη
˵ţתųе裬ִеСƤĪҪ˸һ⣬һҪʮʤӴ
ѰĴָһ£Ƥ裬³Ե֮ģ
պޣȴֻҧйڽĶϣѿ³һƤ̫ԽĥƤԽ
ˣ
Ѱ̲סʵ
ȻǣСƤ³ϾˣҲû涨ڶս
³ں
ѰȻ
³Ŀ⿴ԾѣȻ磬ԺҸýԹɩأǽɩأ
һ̣ѰɱڣȻһְѰ³һ˺õǿҳ嶯
ԾҲκ죬³ﷺɱ⣬Ⱒ³ͼֱ̫ˣ
ɣҾͲˡ
³ʱߣȥС
ѰԾĿ뿪Լͬ˿˶һۣľЩ΢΢΢Щκͳơ
Ǹ㲻Ҫ⣬
Ѱ룬òĬȥһ
˵ս
ԾĿ⿴ԶսǿԱŵֻأЩ̣ɩӣ
Ⱒ³ֱñ
ѰһĬƬ̣̲ס˵ʵ
˵ֻ꣬첲һʹһֺֻݺšһ£һ졣
Ȼ󣬶ϾԾֵ˵ˣ
ѰһۿȥͼԱߵŮӣӨ۵Ķ͸ˣĲϣҲȾһĨϼ˿֮µĶ쾱ŷɫĺ졣
ϸ΢̵Ľë΢΢ţ俴ڹսʵЩĲɣ΢΢߬ţ°Ƶָڰĵ
ԾѺݿƾȴһĽ̬һ޲ðͷȥǰδе顣
һѰвһ£һθоǰŮһ˵ĿҲһĨ㱣ﷺ
续ɣڴ˿ȴ棬ϼ˫գһ棬綨һӡѰⱲӶˡ
һ󣬳һƵĺ˼Ů
̧ۿȥѾսʮʮʤ
³Цӭȥȴһƨϡ
ɼˣ³ЦţеǰһߵǲҲϲϲ
ѰԾһһ³һһ飬ֹ޳ܣȫǲҪˣ


1329 ս޺պ֮
ʮʤ˳ռս
һʱ䣬Ȼ΢ĿⶼǲԼͬضѰ
һĻֻʣʱƫƫѰˣʱ˭ðȻս
һѰô죿
Ƶ껡ӵȵȾͨʮʤ棬ǹʯǰ򴫳С
Ҳζţʱ˿̵ռսѰĴڣѹȵϢ
ȥμ𣿡
ѰĿ⿴Ծѡ
ҾͲμˡ
Ծ֪֮л۵ۺޱȵĵУɾվڳپܹӳսޡ
̤սҲʮʤ
Ͻȥɣٵʱ䣬ɾ˷˵Ļᡣ
ԾѴߴٵ
ѰһҲԼսֻ¸ҽ롣
ৣ
һ̣ѰӰһռսĿɨȺۣڳλѣ˭Ըĳһս
ƽ쳹ء
ȴһƬžȺӦ𣬳һʱԵúǹ졣
˶аħеľ֪ٸˣ׹ǿɣ紫㣬ɲҲħɱˣ
ʱ˭ǰԾⲻǴȡ
ʱţٳ˻ӦΨѰȻµӰڳУԵΪȡ
ԾѶסһƣѾǿ󵽲սˣ
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˶һҲŲϵӣ˭֪ħ޼ɣȾѪȣ
ܵʲôؼǣð㣬᲻ᱻǺɾ˵ˡ
һʱ䣬ͳˡ
һЩǿ鲻ԽǰЩ죬껽սʱҲͬ֡䳡
󣬻о̨֮Ծһһޱȵ۷֮ս
ɵʱǣ˵껣лȥ껶Ծ
ͬгѰѼûӵͬƵİȴս
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Ѱ˵̬ޱ֮Ͽҡ
һЩǿԥˣ⡭ҪҪӦ
ִˣ²ţȴĽͳսһ޺
أһսһλѪ֣ѪޣһѪᣬѪɫִһԽӲӵͭﵡ
˴㵣н԰Ҳ̫޳ˣûսأȿһͨƨźۼعάѰһֱĿ
Ҳ壬һһħ񻹺˼öԷ̫ܵѿ
롣ѰЦ
ѪɫһݣϼִˣԾ֮ңΪ˱أԻȫԸΪָԽ򡣡
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˵գѪ޷һȣһѪɫĴڿնһͭﵺգɢ貵Ĺ⻪ޱȡ
䣡
ն͵ݣĿâ⡣
òϣѪҲǼʵģһ֣չ¶ǿֶΡ
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ѰҲ̾Ϊֹ
һ޳ܵļһȻܹռеأǳϡ
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һĿע£ռսиֳһӲӵ⣬ӿѰڡ
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ֻǣ˶ɵˣĿ࣬ҲУûнʮԾ
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ս޺պ֮Ƹأ
һʱ䣬ȫǿɫ͡
ǻǵһ֪ռսڣƹعأһĻͻħϣ
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ѰܵӿԼһ⣬Լ䣬ԶǧʯĳĺӦ
ʶһ棬ԼȷǹˣֻǹȴԵЩ⡣
ѰһͷˮȻģԾ̲סһЦЦݣǡԡŵĻ٣òɷ
ѰҲЦҡҡͷ뿪ռս
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Щʯ񣬾翴һ߳Ƶͨ뢣𺳡
ⲽУѰ˵껡ӡԬ졢С㡢ҶĦڭ
Ҳϸ򡢴ҹ巡Ц졢
ÿˣϥһʯǰׯϣת⣬ڸ򴫳е
ǧʯζǧִӡУ
ռеأȻͬ죬ǵǧλͨһֵ죬ǽڴˣǡһƵ𣬵Ϣ򴫳в𡭡
Ҳ֪һִʺˡ
ѰһǰУһ߾ȥӦ
Ƭ̺
Ѱֹˣüͷ
ǧʯǧִȥЩѱռݵģһѰĸ֪ϡ
ǶԼϿɣǣǧִУһʺԼĶûУ
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ͬʱԶǿҲע⵽ѰӰ߱һƬʯȴٳûлôУ˲Ŀ⡣
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ԾҲüЩ⡣
ǣûãѰһƬʯԵ۾
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ô£
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˵ɫѱ
ħԡս޺պ֮ݣƸͨһ棬˭ϵصȴһж޷ã


1330 ̫
ʯȺׯĬŶࡣ
ѰǣĿ˼ĬĬӦž
ûܵһʱӦһִУ⣬ȴ̸źͲʡ
ԭռеؾͲ̫룬ľȻ˶ʧ⡣
ֻɻЩʯΪλܾԼ
ʶɢ飬ѰĬĬ֪ţȻ䣬ֻʶһĳĹ
󣬻㱼һƬص硣
һսһͷʬѪɺӣɱ֮תؼ䣬Ѫȣ
ʬݹǡı˺ѵս졭ɼ
бնǳ׹ڴˣ޴Ǻļµı
ľޣ嶼֮ߣһͷ­֮£
ǵȿֲ龰Ѱֽűֲȥһħսʥڴݲɱ
籾ԴгûŻ̤۵;ϣ˴ζλڴ˻ɱһ֮Уձȫʣһƻ籾Դ
أһ󡢺졢ׯ쳹
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼ֪ʱϣһӰǧ֮ڡ
ÿһӰɢֲԨͨǵأڤ֮ϵ
˵ģһɫӰ
˼ΰһϮ£ɢֶ
ת⣬Լɼһڵиֲ֣ޱߡ
˴ΪҹŻսҵԴ̫۲ˡ
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˵һɸߵ֦ϾһſǳҶǡһǺתк޾ǻԡ

ѰǴ˵е飬ӵ֮ʥܻ֮һǿգ㲻شڡ
ѰĲǣӰΰһϮµӣ̫ۡ
һĽۣ
̺ζԿֲĲ
սѽһһƻ籾Դ֮Сҵ۹Ž֮ˣһ٣Ϊߣؿ·
̫Դƽȴһδǣʮء
ƣ
һ쳹
ѰȻ̧ͷͿһϣһӰӰƲߣȴƬ񷣬תƮӨʥ컨
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ҵԸЧһ֮
֮ģݾʮأ˹Ż֮ұԵ岻ݴǣ
Ϊۣã
ұԶȥ̤ǿչŵѰƽ֮ţнڴˣ֮
۹Ž֮ˣһδеĴѣǶ˹Żδ
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ѰĿ⿴ȥܿͷ˷ɳٿյӰת磬ɣˡ
սۣӰ޳ĬȴɢһȻϢ
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Ѱűнܿĥùսһĵú컯ϲԷݣ
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̫ۡɳٿաʥڤʡսۡսۡ
ÿһλţ񾹶һˣ
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һĻ˼һ䶯ɡ
̫˼
ƼʥۣһϹɱУסһƹŻĻ籾Դ
Ѫƥʬսһսʵдա
ʱ飬һƻ籾Դ֮򣬻۹Ž֮ˣһδеĴΪؿ·
ȴ׳٣ȴǣԶչŽΪǣ
һʱ䣬ѰҲѡ
ˣǰǡ֮򡱵
˵һƱԴǧλһֵ죬ڲŵĴСԵ컯ΪЩ
٣һǿ̤ۣ⣬Щϣģ
Ѱ֮ͨǰŮӿе֪Ϲ֮ǰ̫£ʱ򣬾۵;Ǵڵġ
ŹŻĻ籾Դᣬ֮·Ͼڡ
ңҲǴʱڹŻгˡն֮١֮١֮١ֽɽѣڹŻһͷƣ
ãͳ֣˰У֮ΪŻһϣ
Ѱ㱣ˣԭ̫ʱڵʱЩ;Эһ֣
񣬴٣Żǰδ֮仯ѤúʢҲЩϣİɣ
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䣡
Ѱϸȥϣ;ǰһ췭ظӰƵڱ任š
Ұʱͼһ޴ƥս֡
ҵȶԾ۵;ĵãϲ֮У꣬Ϊأ
Ǻ󡢺
ѰͿ̫֮ϣһͭϻӣֻĴ糤ָϸһصķɽ
α
һ࣬һԼʵӰġ
Ѱŷ֣֮ϣֻʣ̫ۺս۶ˡ
򵥣ѡ˵Ϊռս㴫ڴˣս߾ߣɵôУұߣɵô
̫˵ţһӣ¡¡һ𣬾ͼսܣǧʯεض
ÿһʯ񣬽Դһλͨ
飡
սһӣһʯȻ飬˵һѧһѷӡڤ֮ϣԵߵ֮ʯͲˡ
̫̾˿һڤʡٿա٤ʮλѣҲԸڴˣҲ޷ˡ
˵գһӣһһŵӳֱӿ뵽һʯ֮ڡ
ЩУ㹻֮ȥȡˡ
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أ²Ƿڴ˵أ
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Ȼ
̫͵̧ͷĿ⾹һ񽣰㣬գѰ
һ˲ѰֻҪᣬϢĸоӿȫ񶼲Ҫ
Եܹüᱲ֮ߣɴ
󡢺Ѱ쳹
ͼ̫䱳УԭԼһڵڴ˿ٿȻӳ


1331 ̫
һڵɾúʣһ峺Ȫˮ۶ɡ
ɵ̳ѰУȴһ
һȴ绯ǧǧѣ飬أɽӺ嫣ǿգ
ڡ

㱼䣬ѽֻһصĽգɱУһС
Ĺ֮
һȴ֮˼£Ҳֲ˼£
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Ѱǰʹ񶼱ƥĽ⣬ϣٴһ󡢺쳹
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̫ϣ̫ڰǧѨϡ
һɹ糱ˮĴӿѰͷһĸС
̫
˴У̫̤۾Ա֮죬ʵһϽ
˷ѨΪϡУصйŽд
̫۵Ĳ֮ڣаǧѨϣÿһѨϽһأԨ¯
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Ѱ˷϶ѡΪĵУ̫Уڡ

ѰһԼ侲ղһĻĻڳˡ
ռеУǧʯеĴеȷʺԼȴΪԼ䡰̫š֤̫ǰһĻĻԼڻԵɺ֮£õ̫۵ĴУ
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ң֮Щ̫ʱĴ½ǰǿչŵǷζţﵽǵȵزͻƣҲǰǿչŵȥѰ٣
һʱ䣬ѰҲһп
֮򣬾ǧλһƻ籾ԴֻΪؿ;
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֮ѪԵ֮ˣһѧ
ѰľһƬᶨ
۾
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Ѱ߹ȥʵڶֶԾѾʼˣ
սУһں̫һڴԾսҡ
ԣϾͿʼˣڶֶԾǺܲпᣬʮͨ˵һ棬ÿһɶǺݽɫѲ
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ڶֶԾĹҲһͷˮʮУ˭ԿԽսһλǿ߷սʤ̭
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ʱ̫һͭϻӣĴ磬ָŰƴСһصͭɽƵġ
̫۵˵ͭϻУһĹھ۵;ĵã֮
Ѱ²⣬ͭϻڷӡģпܾνġʥ
ʱ̫ԣǶϲ֮УΪˣ̫һֵǰһռеء
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ڴʱսвɲײһսʤ꣬Ӯһսʤ
ͬҲأ˳սɬǣʤͬûܵõʥ
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̾Ϣ
ಣ
ڴʱӰѣ볡Уһʱ䣬óնʱ
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սʱͨһֿ˵ʮУѾһ붼йɱˣ˻ʥ
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ϾƵҲһֱڹ
ӰȻڳУĿɨȺۣһͣס
ĿӰʱʱȫȻ


1332 ǿһ
һϮȹѣӨѩȻڵ޳ӰһƹʵĻ档
ȸᣬ츳ƥϾžĿľŮӰ㣬ǿƳ硣
ȴΪ䣬
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ڴ˿̣ѡһ˭û뵽Ķ֡
Ѱѣ롣
սڣɫ񾲣ȻĿ⣬ֻһԾӨ峺Ѱһˡ
Ŀ⣬ҲǿѰ⻳ɣѵħйڲɣ
ΪβѡˣѡѰ
̫ðˣ˭ȥѡѰΪֻ֣¶óܼѹҲԵЩǡ
ɣƫƫôˣͳԾĵط
ѵȵز𣿡
³һ
ߣֻԹҴɩҲֻԹ
ϸߡ
һԾһ죬ɱڵϸһۣǰڳϲԣ޲һϸ
ǰ̫ᣬԹ檲Ǻ֧Ѱȥ⻨ԣң֣ǲŽұ֮ģ
ҡͷԡ
飡
Ѱһƴͷϣ˼ֱûԾѵɫѾڳɹˣ
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ҲЩ⣬ɲηսˡ
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ײ쳹ͼһ۵ĳޣ磬˸ɲǼ䣬ûһȦȦıӰѰ
һ󾪺

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ͬʱȭȭã׾ۻ룬춯أҷƣХȥ
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ȻѼʶѰնɱʱķɣɵ˿һμȺ۸еޱȾ޺𺳡
ɲϣħԽԽǿˣ

ͼɫ䣬ֳһĨׯ֮ɫһӿֶ
񻷻Բʥһ֮ȣһƾӨϼ棬ȼգֱһִ֣ƿԷȼ񷣡
ȸһ츳
УȺ۽ԶݣĲѡ
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⣬ѹ׵ɱﵣٶã޷ƿѰķֻ䡣
¡¡
սУ⼤䣬ǧڳ棬ǵȿֲޱߵƣض谵񱻳׷հ㡣
ԭǿֶһ
پĺ
вкӶսģ⻹ǵһμȰԾǬһ
ã
͵أѰХȫ
ԶԶȥͼһԨӴӿ֣ûʮ
һЩǿ߲ҧסͷΪǵĸ֪УǴԨ̵ء
춯صһײһЩսֱʧأǡ
Ƶ껡ҶĦڭЩ¶ݣͫü両ֳһĨƵ𺳡
Ϊˣ
һǿĽУǿɱﵣҲвҶѰݿ顢
ˣɷףӰģе䡣
Ѱͨ
֣⡭ǿһ𣿡
ĬãһԶŶѰɫʵ
Ѱҡͷ
΢΢һ԰׵ϸһĨɬ⣬ˣл顣
˵գӰ˸ƮȻӳս
ʱһƬžѻȸÿжžκ˰
һħǿһУ
˵ʩչ
еζɾ̫ˣ
ԶԾظ¶һĨɶϲõЦ⣬͸ӨӯӯЦ⣬
һǺǰһء
ǲ̣
³ϸ̽Դ
ԾѴЦ̣һ˵ĳ嶯ǲǸýѰһϽˣ



1333 ѹƼ
ԾɫȻƽɨϸͰ³һۣҪҪȥѰ˵˵
ʱзһӵˡ
ԾѴǷһĨ⻡ȣβˣͽжжĥ
Ǵ統ˣС
Уһ̾һԾʥͬûг֣ѵͲڣ
ಣ
أѰǷȥһɫӰͳս
֣ô˻ᣬһս
СתâϢˡ
жʱ䶯˽Բ죬ô£ӣСѰս̫ˡ
ľ۾ͷ޵֮ʤ¿ɼΣƲ裡
˸п
£˶ѿףʵӣСֻ¸ûʲôʥֻô˻ᣬѰһƽĶԾ
ǿ̬
ʤڵǳľǣͷǳܼ
㶼ˣܲӦս
ѰȻһЦ
ɱѪ׶ޱȣлܹͬǿ߹ƽսʤܣһʹ졣
оҲѰսڣѪȼ
ৣ
СӰһٿȻͻһͷĽӲӵƵĵ⣬һԿ֮С
ë񽣸ǣĴʱն˺飬
죡
УΪʳ֮ԣھ죬츳֮ǿҲ˸Ž¡
飬֮ӣԳӵԶѰĵ̺ǿֲޱߡ
Ѱҽһ޼֮٣ͨ˺֮ܣҪСˣ
УСĴƾŲƣٶȿ쵽һֺޱȵĵز
ৣ
⧲֮£ѰֻһĽɫ쵶ɱѸܣֻӲ
һӰ˳ֱ۶֮˺һѪۡ
УȺ𺧡
˭Ҳû뵽콾ӿСһ˵ħ
ÿٶȣ
Ҳļ£Сٶ֮죬ѼԺֻʥյĿռŲ֮
սҲ㣬ٶϣ㲻ң
СЦӰ˸һƽâޱȾ޴սһӰ
ƾǿʶȥ׽Ҳ޷Ӱ
̫ˣ
ۻңܵüѪ
ѰҲòϣٶϣҪѷС֡
ٶȿΣ
һ֮
䣡
ͼѰ͵һƽڽڷ⣬¯ȼա
ɲǼ䣬һǧٵȭ
ÿһȭ롢嫡һϵ磬ɱ˷ϡ
¡¡
սݡһƬһƬ飬һȭǷǬ
ʱ䣬СǳµһӰȫĭ㱬
飡
ƵײͼһȭɨСһģһ¶Ӱ
㡭
ŭٶʩչѰɱ
쵶
צһɱߵĿֲɱˡ
ƾѰԭأȻΨȭɱʮ
ǧٵȭХͷţսֹݿСһйԷȵμ穡
УѰȭ籩Ű󣬶Сƾٶٿ죬Ҳֻʱʱᱻһ˸С
飡
һľײ𣬶СϣһȭۣѪˮͽɫë׹䡣
ͽһ򷨣
һЩǿ𺳡
Ҳֻħ񣬲ӵۺƥĳսܹ˾Ե̬ѹС
ˣͲС
ΪСֹٶȿ죬Ҳͬޱȣȴѹƣ֪ѰǺεȱ̬
ˣ
͵أСܻĽ
Ӱһ»ָΣֻȴףۿںڷ࣬ͷɢģòǱ
ЩƣǱѰȭҳġ
Ѱ֣УЦʵΪβˣ
սվռޣ޷ӳҵƣ磬Ϊѹң
С߷߲ƽ
ԣһ˼⣬ҲΪȻ
ȷСǿ˲ưٶȣ֮󣬾ԳΪŲתƵ̨˭ܽѹƣ
ˣٿ죬Ҳסѹƣԡ
Ѱڵ
Ǿԣ
͵أС»һչŲƣವһͳ嵽ս֮Ʋ

ƲнԸޱȡ
ģһһ̫Ƿˡ
ϸ¡
ҲҰ
СЦ
ˣ
ڴʱվռսеѰȻˣָ̽һ̡
Զ죡
ָУǣռ֮أ޷УȴΪѰá
ͼ߿Ʋ㴦СԵЦ͵һָƾճ֣ݺϡ
飡
һɽУõӰ͵һ·׹ȥƾĴ򣬶ֹס׹
⡭
Сŭ
飡
һָӿ֣ݺݴͷ­ϣǰڣһ᲻зһҽУͨһڵϣڳ鴤̳
Զ죡
ƾֻҪӲɱĿܣ
ȫסˣȷ˼ĵֱӿռֻʥС
ڣȴѰʩչ
ϸЦҶˣһŴģҶûôĴ񡣡
ȺɫŹ֡
С߷޲طȥղҫٶϣѰԼ֡
룬Ѱûָͷͽ䡭
̫ˣ
Сˡ
ռսУѰЦŹ֡
ߣ
СߣĿ⿴ԶԬ졣
ԬһˣҪԼҲ֣ȥһѰ
ɡ
ؼȥ
ӣǲֵˣ
Сɫһ
ԬӲͷƤӦˡ
֣һս
սһ屡̬ʥֻΪ˶֮һЩСĦ
Ѿ˶ˣѰһ
ӣǲȾˣսǧغϣ˭˭ث
ϸͰ³¡
Ԭ촽ǳ鴤һ˵ʲô
ڴʱƲʲô´ѰƬ̣ɫ͵һ䣬͵ؾУ㡭㾹ˣͲϵ٣
˻һȫһš
֮ǰ˭Ѱ˫ޣɴӲ֪̤һ;
ֵ;ҪǴġ
Թ˭ôƾӵͨͣҲᱻϵĨɱ
껡ǣҲסâš
Ѱ᲻֪ϵٵĿֲΪƫƫҪô


1334 Ҳܾ
мžһʱ俴ѰĿⶼš
ϵ٣
εȿֲѰȴƫƫ;Ͳѣ
ھ۾УѼ޵УĪǰ;
ϵĨɱǺεȲң
ұУ췥֮·Ե޾һӡ
Ѱɫƽмĵˣ˵һЩ֪֮ġ
񣬴ֹŻұǧѷĴûᣬһУѱòͬ
Ȼ֮;ڴϵΪβܱƣ
̫֮ǧλһѪΪᱲҵȼֺ̤ۣξѣ
޿ȴһɴݼᶨУһʱȫȺ۽Զݡ
ֺǣ
Զ̾
˽ΪȻĴҲ޾һмյǣħһ½ʿһӵ˽֮ɾͰɣ
ԶԾЦȻ
ʱ֪Ѱһˡ

ǡɸΪһ
УԬȻ飬ģҲͬ徳磬һս֤ռˡ
˵⣬ü䲻һĨɡ
һϣɴӲκ˶Ծ
˻ϸ򡢴񡢰³ɫùŹԬɫһ˿
ɵӣ浱һϣѰۣ
ôֱ飿Ծɻ
ϸٺһЦ³Ѱһ϶Ծȴûռһ˿˵飬Ծѡ
ʱԾɫҲһ˿Ź֡
񣬴һϵľһűнĥͿ飬۱ĵú;飬ԬΪھʥϣӵѹʵǿɾʹشˣ
³ѹ˷ܣҲ˵
ԾԬĿУҲһ˿ϸһޡ
ȷ
УѰȤ
ߣ巨Żҽڸ㣬ѵһ㲻ɣ
ԬԸߵ¸㣬д裬ڱףܵõһЩָ㣬֤Ը˳ʥȻ㵣ʧܣҲνˡ
ȫȻŶ֪ԭħ巨ţخһߴС
ҲֲãԬźخᣬȷʸó巨ϣѰָ㡣
ɣϾռսеĶԾʧܣǿɾ޻õʥˡ
ħ񣬻Ӧ
һĿⶼѰ

ԶԬĴָ
¾Ѱ;ԾջԬ죬µӡǣһϣԬ죡
Ԭޱ飬˫۱ǰȴһ˿ԵãԭǱ볡ġ
ڣΪԼĻǶ̾
ã֮
ɳϣҲȫϣѰӦˣ
һʱ䣬ȫ㵡
ΨϸǵɫŹˣǱžʹ
ããã
ԬȻ֮󣬺԰ģҼȴӦָ㣬϶˽ˣԹҡ
ѰͷȻ
䣡
䣬Ѫ۽ڣÿһ缡ʯĲӲӹƾˡ

һ궯ޱȾǰǿɸûħһϻӵ衣
Ԭ춼˴ûǴӵڳ֮Ųʱѣ
ʱѰżû룬ȴ̤˾
ȷƾף
һ룬Ѱ϶߽پΪۺޱȣоʥط˾˵ɱҲ
Σػҡ̰ͼ徳֮ɻԵ¼
ûսԬ;ָѰһ¡
Ѱףսɡ
飿Ҳãͬľʱ˵ǶǴ
ԬߣܲѰ̬ȣԼָˣᡣ
䣡
ţӰҲ͵ز׼
ͼǽ˶ϣҲǸһҫ۵ɫ⣬Өʯĥɡ
ս壬ӡҿ㾿ڴ˾мֻ򣡡
УԬ̤ն𣬰Եһħֻɢ飬ʧɫ
ֹӡ
ͼһȭһƵӡۣжǬԾ˼ļơ
ˣ
ͬʱѰһҲһȭͬǡӡеġֹӡ
һʱ䣬ȫĿͼռսУգ𣬶ײ
¡
𵴣һƬ貣ɲನУͼӰи˳ʮɡ
ƽɫ
˴㵣ԭΪԬλһֳʦڸιһڲ֮أռݾơ
룬һ棬ûռˣ
ԬĿҲЩϴ˾һЩ裬ۡ
䣡
ٶȳƱȸղǿʢһأȻٱ
ɽӡ
ԶԶȥһȭӡԬǰһԶɽǰУ¡¡ѹգԵۻ뵽˼¡
ɼͬʱѰҲʩչУȭӡɽУնϣѹ䡣
¡
һɲ˸оɽڶײ¡¡ı֮䲻쳹
ϯĵ⣬Ҳ糱ˮ߼к
ֱ˺ӰԶԶš
ֻǣԬɫǴһĨɣߣһûѹƶԷôܣ
ʥخһľѧڴ˵ϵĽ裬Ԭſ޵¡
ڣѰıȴ⣡
ǻȻСǴУӣʲôʱˣ㻹ʵϽѹǴľѻᣡ
ԶϸѶ̲סЦˣֻӵڻףŰ
һԬУȴһֳŪͲΣɫЩҧѡ

ȣھﵽ籩߰㣬ɱڣֲޱߡ
خϹŴװĴڣֲޱȣһ񶼾¡
ʱԬδױŭҲѾԶˡ
ѰһҲתӭϡ
¡¡
һʱ䣬ռսеıߵӰԶŵħڶײѪ죬ػҡ
ֻǣԶս߽Դ㵵ǣȼƥɱУԭӦռݾƵԬ죬ʼһ˶ûռ
ۼƣ޷Ѱķâ
ӣȫ
ԶСѾû취ˣϴС
УԬɫޱȣǱŭսʱĸҲȫ
ɹؼǣƾγɱ˵ѹˣκβѰô죿

Ҳܾ


1335 սʤ
ѰԽսԽǿʢһվʵս
ԬͬǾʥ֮ԾܹѰֱ۵ض쵽һط¡
ңűнĥͿ飬Ҳõ۵ĴС
Ҳζţ;ϣһ˱ޱȵ崫У
ΪԴĹϵһϣŽơ
ΪͻͽͺͱԴŲɷָĹϵ
ʱԬΪѰֻǳžߣǿɾʹشˡ
ʵϣսʱԬȷ̵̲ƸͲڣ
ͬȾĶԾУѰȫѷɫĵ̺ҶսҲƾޱȡ
һֱǸ
Ԭһ˵ıơ
ס
նħ̨ϣױǱѰԽ֮ƵصĴ
Ԭо˿̵Լʱס
һ뵽ڶս֮ǰԼ˵Щ͸о߷ߣ޵֮С
ζȷ̫ˡ
֪ˣͲôӦСȥѰԾ
Ԭз߷뵽
͵أսеѰֹ֣ԶԶ˿
ԬһͼѰЦſڣ㵽ΪֹսȥֻҾҪֶˡ
УȻ
ԬȴŸӵҵԹ˶ϣٲǷʲô
˵գת뿪ս
绹̫ģңǽɡ
Զϸֹ
Ͱ³ǶѰãȫԬ棬Է²̨
ܿ죬ǿҲӦɫøӣԺ븡ֳһʣ

֮ǰ˶ʶΪһϣѰԬԿʤ㡣
ɽһĻĻȴ̾ΪֹѰ徳ϣɹһγ١
ڴ˾УҲѿǾƥǿÿ£
Ԭخᣬ츳ݣ쳣ֲ֮ɼˣҲֻܺѰƽɫѡ
֣Ƿһս֮
أ濪ڣտȻһ˿޷εս⡣
룡
ѰһЦſڡ
ϣ
ֽ̤սɾף֣뱣ʹһս
ã
ѰȻһЦ
Ⱥ⡭Ҫݳս
ֻǣĳսǼһѰ̤볡ԾǿߣӡСԬ졭һλ콾ǰеľ
Ѱֻ¸Ͳмгս
Ͼ۵ֵôļûС
ȻµѰǸ⡣
ⲻ۸
Զİ³ü
£Ѱǰˣ𣿡
Ծѷʡ
һ仰ð³üͷʱչǰˣҲע˴
Ͼ˭ῴȳսж£
³뵽һսʤΪռսеľ԰أ
һ룬ð³Ѫţ
䣡
սУս
һս֮ǿȻӹɣЩϾžУһеİС
λ콾ڰ˵УԳ
ǡ°ϹţټϾžлԵһλ̫ʱʥ²սҲǿƥעĿ
һˡ
ѰһСɲǴϡ
֮սѴﵽұֻ̾ĵزһս֣֮ȴսв򣬶лˡ
ɫ֣أ
ˡ
Ѱ΢΢ס
һΣ˿ڣѰȻ̧ͷĿ磬ɨȫһλҪд裬ǰһս
ƽȴк֮ɢ
սʱҲսⰺѪױȼ󣬵ʹһս
ʲôʥѲҪ
λᣬȷѵã۵ģǵһĿܡ콾ʥŮ
ʧ˴ΣԺֻעˡ

ϸС
³ʹҲֳܼ̫Ѽˡ
ֲսͻ塣
Ծѷ˸ۡ
ҲѰչ¶ķɣκŮԡ
Ͼ˭ϣԼһλӢۣ
ԾҲ⡣
֣Ըһ
ҶĦڭǳ罣
ã
Ѱ߲ܡ
ڳȺٴμʶˡȥ޻ءһʽУٴμȴȫ޵
һķ飬Ծţ
ҶĦڭܡ
һӰģ壬пѪȴЦӴһź
Ѱʱɫ΢΢Щ԰ףսೡδˣĵȴڲ
ɣɱֱɫݣ
λԸһս
¡¡쳹ȫ
Ŵʱ֮ѰжȻһ˿壬⣬ǿ߰ɣ

֣ˡ
ʹ죬ʤֵֻһ
ʱУħҹ巡Ц졢ȵǿ½ϳһһޱȵĶԾ
ڴ˹УѰվɱظˣܿϾͱѪȾɫҲԽԽ԰ס
ΨӰδ
³ǶĬˣĽš
ǶѰĵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬·ʱᱻſ¡
ԾеһȻָ߬촽һųһԡѪսӰ𺳡Ժ
ҲƲסĵǡ
ֻʣˡ
ĿɨУĬĬ˼⡣
ѰսʱڶʮǿУѾһҽйԾ
ʱѰ½սʮ߳ʮǿߣ£лǳģʣˡ
ֵľǵ껣
ʼգһֱڹս·ʥģ˭ұ֤볡ս
Ѱȫʢʱں͵껶ԾȻ˵̫ࡣ
ɹؼǣڵѰļӴ󣬸ۣ
£Ѱɿܻ֣
ԾܿЩڳǿҲܿ
һʱ䣬ʱʱĿȥ껣Ҫ֪ľôġ
սʱصʥҲ֣Ƶڶʱʥų֣ǡѰɾͿˣ
ֹǶʱ볡ѰҪٻʤûκϣ
ֵܳĽ־ǣ껻ʤջʥ
ϾռսĹڶ֮󣬾ʹռеĻ
עʥȻڶг֣
䣡
ռսУѰһλʤѪɫԽԽأɫ԰׵ÿ¡
ǿ֮ĩ
֣𣿡
ѰĿ⿴ս껣Ŀܻһλ
ҡͷλѲỹøҲá
ѰЦͲʥ֮ǰͽ٣
Ȼɫ̹Ȼֻ֤ҺȻԵԵ
⣬䡣
Ѱ˵ͷٶ˵Ŀ⿴ǿϡ



1336 ʥ
ʵϸ򡢰³ڣʱʸսѰǿߣֹĿǰˡ
˭֪ʱϸǶϲܻϳʶѽǺԵ
λ˭
ѰЩɳƣѪհ߲Ӳ԰ףǿ֮ĩɫɺƽ
ǿߣһȵŴ̥һǻǾεĺݽɫ
ֻǴ˿̣߽Ժԥ
ɣ
죬ȵǿһս
һģ信꣬ӥһѤõ߲
ȵֱΪϹλǰĴ壬ΰսȻӹɵǿ
룡
ѰһС
֣ˡ
âһӰ͵һ߲һѤ硣
ǧٱսì϶Ƕȥ
ˣ
Ƶѩǻԣ֮ǵء
ɲǼ䣬߼ɱһ
һյʱ

һϣиһѪܵ˺ۣӰģʹƺߡ
л飬䡣
һɬԵ塣
Ѱһȫɱ£ԽԼնɱ
ˡ
ѰУֻǻ䣬͵ؿȳһѪü䷺һĨڵƣ
˵̸϶أؼǶսʱҲļѱ;ƿݡ
Ѱ䣡
һΣʹһսףֻΪʥ
ΪӦԾѣ
ԶԾֹջס
֪սʱѰѡ
ȥȰ裬ʧ
˽⣬ѽޱȣҲޱȣջûг
ʣˣܿͻġ
ϸͰ³ҲޱȣҲޱȡ
ΪѰչֳĶս־֮ǿȫǵ
ֹǣ˿ȫǿߣ޲ΪѰĶս־ݣεӡ
һˣһھ½սս԰ܣǵ͵̬˭ܲΪ֮
ҷ
ϣǿ˼֮ѡֻϣֿԼֵ󣡡
Ѱ˹֣ûж˵ʲô
мžнȻп
սʱֶضѡǰδ֮¡
Ҫ֪ķֹζսζŴʧһȥȡʥĻᣡ
֣룡
ѰĿ⿴껡
һʱ䣬ĿҲ껡
˵Ͼžҫ۵ľУףѰǱȻҲе껵һϯ֮ء
ǿĿãаռ콾һİ˳ɼУһߡ
񣬳оֻʣһˣҴھԵ۷״ֻ̬ҪʤǺ
Ͼ˭Ѱ˿̵״̬ȷ̫ˡ
Ҫǣʥ֣עһԾĻ֮ʥܻᱻã
мžѹ֡
껳ĬƬ̣Ȼʵ֣ðһ䣬˴ǰռеأȻ콾ԣ֪ǵڼ
һ仰ȫǿһ治ѡ
ǰ֮ħ񣬾λ콾ڼ
ѰЦսٸ㡣
ǿ֮ĩҲƲһУ̸Ц̬ȫĿ
껳ʱԾռ̫ˣȥᱻΪ껼һˡʹ˷Եαͽ顣
֮վ껵ĽǶȿǣȷˡ
ұ棬ôƽϣ֣սԺɲʲôʱƻˡ
ѰЦ
һԳȷˡ
һӱþȻɣԷ˳Ϊһս
˵գӰһսܹϢȻһء
Ⱥۼˣݣ껵ĿⶼһĨ֮ɫ
䣬ӵи֮ȴԴԾӣȷɣȷۡ
ϸǶòϣһ˲õ˵ִͼǺ޶ѡ
ֻǣһԾһ֮ʣϿգȻֳһƬӨĹꡣ
һڳԾĿע£һƬ껯һΰҫۡӰ
һϮ£Ӱ⣬ǣ֮ףи֮ƣ
һʱ䣬ȫ𶯣ƾһСϰĸо
УѰҲͣж񷣬ɫ졣
̫ۣ
Ѱһ۾ϳԷݣ
Ȼ
Ҳ֪ʲô΢С
ɳɸѡ𣬶ȼ콾񣬱ǵһ֮ܡ
̫ۿڣ󡢺쳹ؼ䣬ֱġ
Ŵ£絣ֻ֮λ֮㣬Ըλպ󣬽Կɵپʥ;ҡֱϣΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
һһ䣬羪׼쳹ڳǿͷ
ÿˣɫȻ
¡
ͼϣ̫һӣһ貵ӳڳÿһǿߡ
һʱ䣬ȫǿ޲¶ϲ
⡭ʥ
ǣҸܵˣܵˡ
ҡҾȻҲܻã
ȺۻȻš
ÿˣõˣܵصľ۳ʥǲ㲻š
֮ǰΪҪһδ棬ΨյʤߣܻʥС
룬ڴ˿̾Ⱦ䣡
⾹ġ
ϸ򡢴񡢰³Աľϲҡҷ
ٿˣӡԬ졢С桢ҶĦڭȵȣҲһϲӡ
⣬ȷ̫˼顣
Ѱ͵껣ǣʥȻȷʽˣ֮ǰ˭뵽
ֻǣѰɫȴЩ
õʥ˲һ
һԼĪƴСͭϻӣηӡִ̫С
ʱʶ
һصͭɽɢŲãصϢ
ʼգѰûκ׼ȻȻˣҲס
̫ʱһڵľ۳ʥڴλ֮ͬҲͬ
ϣ̫۵ٶȫ±üž
ÿͷԸֳ֮⡣
ˣһжѰźã֮ǰһδ棬޷ĥºͿǵԣ
ˣܹڴʱõͬľ۳ʥĵú;飡
лǰ
У˹
лǰ
һʱ䣬˶ɫׯ࣬ؼҲһƬȻ֮
ںܾǰʥԡָ֮ߣּ֮ᣬհ֮ǰںʮ֣ݴ֮ɡ
£̫֮ɣд˸о
̧ͷԽԽߡ
ŬУԽԽо۵֮
Ҫ׷ϣǰȴҲ׷ϣ
⣬ʮֵĺ塣
Ҳǡۡصķ
ߣ죬ڣΪʥ֮ȣڤ֮ϣ


1337 ֮ Ϊ
ϣ̫۵Ӱһɢʧ
˭ֻ֪һ־ӡƲסزͳĽ
ǵ֮ɡ
ֱãȺ۲Ŵ𺳡ϲƽ
ŶѵʶһΣǵȷõ̲ؾ۳ʥ֮صʥ
֣սûнеıҪ
ռսڣ껿ڣɫԵЩ
ԣ׷׽Ŀ⿴ͬпѣڶ棬ħԡѪսս񣬰һھ
ɵͷʥȷˣȴڳ˽Ըһݣһħ֮ǰƺԡ
ȻǶѰǼģֻΪĽ̫ˡ
ѰȻ֣Ҳðһ䣬Ƿ֮ǰѲһĻ
껴Цֻ棬Ȼ㡣
һʱ䣬ȫԴ㵣ɲ껾ϵָղŵһĻ
Ҳ֪̫ʱڳţӡ֮ڣʱұ˽⵽йؾ֮һЩ
ʥҲ˵̫ŵһ֮Ƶ̫ǰѼǧλ߸ԵĳʥĵãڴˣΪľܹҵڽʱգƾͻдС
ռսеĿ鵹εģԵĿλ
ʶڳĽ⡣
٩٩̸ԭίг
Ⱥ۽ɫһʱпѣǵӣ֮ۺյ֮࣬ǵ
ֻǣΪ껵ѲһҪȵˮʯ˵ࣿ
أ˲
˻˲ͬ
ɫ䵭˵֮һۣѣλԸսȫԸؽ𣿡
ο£䣬ɲյܣҪ֮ڰɣ
˶ʱƿԡ
ȷƾʲôҪ껽ѣ
ģһζֻı컯ֻλβܾ׵õʥ
껴˻һȫĬ
ô˵֮Ҳܹﵽͷϡ
෴ҲΪĲѣǽȫԸд棬Ӷʱ̣Ի벻컯
˵Ҫл껲֮
ЩѰҲпϢ֮䣬껵һڳȺۡ
˭ϣ
ǻۺֶΣԿƾޡ
磬ɵõģһǸ̫ˣ˸²͸ʲôԺٸӴΪ
ϸһ˿ɵ
ѰڶУɫ
֣ܸù콾ϵ˰ɣ
Цʵ
ֻ˺󣬻䡣
ѰЦ˵
һ͵һУҡͷЦ֪ͲˣûȤ̫ɨˡ
Ҳ콾һܹûȤĴ𰸣ȻԶ
һ
ħھ֮򼴽Ļ֮ǰ콾һΣռеأ
һʱ䣬ȫĿȺ𺳡
һ̫һˡ
ϾžЩ޿ƥе̬ǿưռ콾һλ֮á
գնħ̨֮ϣװѰ֣֮
껣Ҳͬռ콾һλܹϾž
Ѱһٴƣ
ǰףе껣һڶսѰ£һ䲻ѰԾȴѰѹ
ĵһһ㣿
һѰһսһͷڸղŵһݺޱȵġս
һʱ䣬˿ѰĿУ޷εĸӡ
ȾѪɫ԰ףͷɢƣɴʱУȫһ
һκͬĲ޷ԵĴڣһ棬̤Ͼž񣬴Ӳһܣ
֮֮򣬵Ϊ𡣡
һƬžУӿڣʯ쾪ȫһ궯
仰̫أ
ڳϣѰ˾֮һ˵ݣ
ˣ޷еΪ𣬻ᱻǧָᱻ
Ѱͷϡ
޻˵޿ɷ޿๣
Ԭ졢СҶĦڭ桢㡢ȵȾԲ
ĬһϿɡ
лвҲϣ
򺱼Щʧ̬һžɫڴ˿¶֮ɫ
Ѱͬûж˵ʲôɡģ˭֪
ˡ
Ѱ˹֣в֮һˣ
ĵ;ڴˣ
˽⵽͵ǿ˽⵽սѪȣ˽⵽ڹŻ֮⣬صǿչŵ߶ǰ̵ȥ̽Ѱ֮
ѰĿҲѱˡ
֪δĵ;ܳ
ǰǡƾԵУгһգܹ죬޵Уֵýʱ
䣬Ѱռսȥ
Ⱥ۾ĬĿԶԣǶѰʵһϿɺء
֡
Ȼ껿ڡ
ѰֹŤͷ£
΢Цϣ֮ʱܹһߵͣ
һ١֣֤껶αѰ׷ϻģ
лᣬԵ㡣
ѰЦЦת뿪ս
߹Ѱϸ򡢰³ǽԼޱȡ
ʮ꣬Ѱӵһ־ʿһԾΪ֮ϵĵһˣ
ңʵ飬ɣ
ܲͿģ
磡
ϸ򼤶سǰҪѰһӵȴ³һקסڵʱ򣿡
ϸһĿ⿴һԾѡ
ʱԾѣ续ϣѤЦݣһӶЦ
û˱ףѰ½۹ܹӵн֮ɾǺε֮ף
˽⣬ŸΪ֮ˣ
ѰȾѪԽԽԾ̲סǰһѱסѰһ⣬ۿ졣
ʲôҲûʲôǰš
ϸ򡢰³Цˡ
ѰһůڻһеջߵһĨЦ⡣

һ죬ռе֮Ⱥ½뿪
Ҳڵ죬ʥѰΪ֮һ˵ϢҲ쫷㣬Ͼž
Ȼ𺳡졢ŵը˹ڲͬ򣬲ͬĵطݡ
콾һˣ
֮һˣ
ͷΣԹħһӵУ֮ǰ˶ûԤϵġ
ͬʱɵҲ֣֮ɺܿʧ
ΪμмеľϿɣЩɸͲܴĿռ䣡
ͽʵ顣
ڵ껣ԭĿһλҲѰ£԰һЩ
ȻֻϵĶԱȡ
һվҪȵڶܹע
ɧ۵ģҲֻܡҲֻһˣ
ЩѰ޹أԾѡϸһ𷵻طɽ֮㿪ʼץʱˡ
Ϊٹһ£֮ͽĻˡ


1338 ȥ

ѰӴƣһɨա
ԭռееĶսҲֻأʵء
߽پԲ
ۣѰȻһ˿ǿҵףò˶ãӭڰ˽٣
˽٣ǣ漰޵ʵİء
ܹ׶
ֲ̫ڴˡ
ÿ޵ߣܵĽ֮Բ֮ͬɬͿɲ
ע֮ˣ޲֮両Сϣ޲
ȶ緲ӣУԪڰ֮ڣһϲ֮ʹ޷ڡ
ұ޵߶ԣһͬ٣Եƴ˼֮ۡ
ֻǣ֮ɣҲĪ֮˶죬һ١ѣһ֡
ѰļʶѲͬءԴ֪Ҳǰɱȡ
֪ϲ⣬Ѱڰ˽ٱ֮ҵѡѶҪա
ҳڵ۹Ͻϴķ壬֮ѣԵԴͷѰ𡭡
һ˼ţѰһȥ
ʣտȻϴ
һȪ֮ϣϸ򡢴񡢰³ںȾƣֵģò
һ࣬ԾϪ֮࣬ǺڰϻӺ֡
һͷںڵĳ٣¶һѩ׶쾱֫һĻȣ飬üרע̬磬ɫȹڷƮ衣
ܣľި羰续
ڻУȴȻ
ѰǰǡʱԾдϣ̧Ρ
ע⵽ѰƵģһͽдõİֽ˺һš
ôƵģ
Ѱӣȴ棬ղԾдʲô
ԾѴŵɫȹеԼ޳Ȫ̰ͬ֬㡣
ֻǣȴһ˿գѰԲ
ǰݣ
ѰЦվߣվ´ʢһޱԣ续羰Ҳ˳УĿ
գѰҲûʳԾѸղдʲô
ѰԾѽ֪˴˵ĹϵѲǰˡ
ҲǺܾԺԾںѰ̸֮ʱ˵˰ֽдһּ
ԸǾ¡
ҹҹࡣ

ʮ󣬾֮Ļʧ
죬һϢϾžֲڲͬеǿ֪
뿪ˡ
˸п
ЩΪΪ컯ͻԵ˶ٵѪɱ˶ٵĿ콾
Ҫ뿪ȻͲᡣ
˭Ժעϲл֮ˡ
죬ɽֵҩҩھĺģҲͳͳߣ
һɽϣǿߴæչж뿪ǰ׼
Ҫ뿪ˣ˭ҲὫѼı¡
Щ̽ѰԵͬٷأ֮ʣʮҪʧǧܱС
ӿ治ߡ
̶꣬ҵΪڽӵн֮սڴиʱ䣬ǳʥҲⲻ󣡡
ߣ֮Ļ󣬻д֮һչ֣߳Ƶ̨
һ죬˲ᣬ꣬Ҳ˳־ɡ

Ǻǣ磬Ѱ֮һˣɾûǰˡ
һ죬ҲЦ
ɱôЩﱳţĵ
Űɣ˽⵽֮зһУѰעҪ֪ܲŵŭ𣡡

ɽ
ѰҲ뿪ǰ׼
磬飬˴뿪֮󣬽ԭ·ڽ֮ء
ϸɿ˵ǿҪģ֮Уʥ棬ڹŻƾսԺʥڿ⡣
Ѱͷ
Ȼһ㡣
ϸٴѵʮڴеǿ߿ɲǱ֪ЩϢȻ޵÷ΪС
ѰЦϸǾĻ𣿡
Ȼ٣
ӵڹ֮طʱѰǾͱһΧ
ʱѰǵǳҿԬߵλԳŰȻ
ڲμСͷ֮ѰҲΣգһϹ庣֮ǰ
ڣ뿪֮ٵҲûʲô
ΨһĲͬڣǰѰ޶ٻֵ͡
ڣȫͬˣ
ɵϹҲвԣƣǾԺѰ·ûʲô
ΨһܹвѰģʥǿߡ
Ѱɿܻηˣ
еĵƣ޾ʥˣ
磬عŻ֮ʲô𣿡
³Ȼʵ
ѰͷоϣɵּѪİ׻š
Щ£Ҳʱһˣ
˳Ѱῼط½һˡ
³һǲд㣿
ϸȻ
ţϻ쵰˵ҪҴӾ֮򷵻غ󣬻ؼһˣ˵Ҫҵҡ
³ͷ
Ѱ֮ǰ˽³Ǳʦһִ󣬹ԼҲ֪
ҪҪһ𣿡
Ѱʵ
ãϻ쵰Ҳ϶Ӧ
³ҡͷ
أ
ѰĿ⿴
һһεģ̾ϢȻҺ޲òƽ˴ز£ȴòȥһˣɼʥɮһЩұȥһ¡
ز£
ʥ֮أѰüͷһ壬ɱ뵡
ӵزʮӣٵŷӣΪˣɱ֮졣
Ұմ˵Ѱˣز¾Ի᲻ĵضѰ֣
ݰ㣬ѰͰ¾ģһ죬һҪ̤ƽز¡
ʵӦùԹص·ϣǵʱֿǳ˾֮ġ
ϸѵ
˻Ҳ٣ǺԾǴӲͬĽ֮ؽ֮򣬷ص·ߣҲˡ
ˣϸ˻һԾһΣ̲סһţֲ룬Ҫˣ
ѰҲһ߹ȥЦ죡
Ůֵ֮ҲҪǴ˵еļɫ𣿡
ϸܿǵð³ǴЦѡ

ɽ硣
ɳڣɲСر߹ޣĽֵϣЩᡣ
ԭŶߢһЩϼ¶أȴ˵֮ҪĻˡ
ɽе޵߶æµʰ뿪
еһЩ̼ңҲ׷׹ţʼռΪ뿪֮׼
ɲ˵ֹǷɽ磬ǧطҲһĻĻ
ʮˣѽ
ɲһţˡ
Ȼ㣬ǳƵзһ˿ᶨתŷɱȥ
֮ǰȥߢһλϼ¶
ǵãھɳǧ֮ңһƬϿϿգһƬ쳣ѤõĻϼϵȼƵģˡ
λ˵ддĻϼ¶
ֻǣɲɸճûãһȻ֣ڲɲǰѯʡ



1339 ˭
Եģӡ
ɲһԴнڡ
ЩɲɵΪûжٳȴѼḻ
ϾܹѪȲпľ֮дڣɾֻǽ־Ϳ԰쵽ġ
һ۾ϳǰһλߣΪ֮ߣڳپ
ķɽ磬پѿǶεİ˸ǡ
ж٣
ȤؿŲɲɡ
һٽ
ɲɹһ£ش
ʮҩ㹻еĻϼ¶ˡ
óһݸɲɡ
˵ʱĿǰŮһؾ崿ӣԽԽϲ
ǣǰŮ£һ̵֮±£ɫɲ͡
ڼЩҲپɫŮӣǰŮһȣʱԵЩ
лӡ
ɲɵͷгбŵ߹ޣ˹ȥ
УȴǿҲĿһֱǰŮ˵߻ȱһѾߣԸ⣬ԺԸߡ
ƽȴһĨֺԸζ
ܹУһĪƵġ
ɲһҡͷˣлӺ⡣
ףԷΪ˹ϼ¶ǴԼΪŮ澡
סƾݣټΪӻ֣дѵŮͶͱ
ڣܾˣ
ңԷֻһ־ΪŮ
ںߣһİؿӣԺĲú俴ǰ֪ôŮ
֣ʾߵӲҪŻǰСˣЦ˵ɣԿһ£ҲΪ㣬Ѿʮҩ;ܾңֻ¡ðɣ
кܲмһٽϼ¶ҲֵҩˣǰŮ϶Լ˼
ӣ㣬ϼ¶Ҳˡ
ɲһɾСϾ֮ɫԭںĴͻȥ
סüͷ΢΢
ǰŮķӦͷҲЩ죬αܾԼˣ
ߣСЩʶȤȻҼҹӵĶûܾܾɣ
ǿ̲ס
һûŮѣܱӿϣǺε˵һ£ƫƫȴʶô
ɲףӣҧ
֯ᣬһԸҲС
ɲɱݽҧҺֹѣ֪ң϶
һ仰ߵӶˣŮв˶ᣬԵúܵ
˵˵ðֹӣΪҲ˵ڷɽ绹һ
ʵһ˿Ϸζ
Ѱֹӡ
ɲɫ˵
Ѱ
һͶ˽һɫ΢䡣
ħ˭ܲʶ
һɽʱɱ÷ɳѪɺӡ
ƽһɽڡЩ̾أɽ綼Ϊ֮䶯𺧡
ħԾΪϾž
ͶˣȻ֪ܲѰĿ¡
˵ɽûѰϢɹڷɽ
Щ˶⣬ħǰϾžѣΪĳ̫࣬Щϴǿ߶֡
Ҳ˲ôΪ
ô˵Ѱڷɽ磬ȷһˡ
ЦѰȷһܻһСѾͷѣ
ǿһмΪɲǳƤ죬Żǣɵһ
ʱ򣬺ҲعɫԴ䵭ҲЩȥˣѰֻûϾžŻȴЩвңǾҲҶǿ𣿡
һĨ䡣
ɲֽű䣬û뵽ڼ뿪֮ʱ򣬾֮֡
Ͷ˵̬ȣеһ;ɿܰȻ
䣡
ڴʱɳǾ֮¥ϿգȻĺ쳹ء
һ񷸡ֶ
һʱ䣬ɳ⣬޵ͣУĿ뿴
ǰϾžǿҪˣ
˼С
ʱ꣬Щʸɾ;ǿߣطɽ磬Ϊָǿ˺εȳ̶ȣ
жǿϾžٲܷأ
˶ڽע
ͶˣҲһĻ
òΪѰϣɣ
ע⵽ԱߵĲɲɣ˿Ҳ¶һĨϣӨƱʯƵԡ
Щá
ɲ죬Ĭ
䣡
һ貵Ӱһ߳һӣͷǣת⣬һٳ
һ֣ɢƾǵذ㣬ɢʮǿߺһϣԺȻɫ䡣
꣬Ҳɫ䡣
ǿ
ھ
鲻Խأ߬ȭͷӵгپΪȴδ̤֮
һֱڻΪʧ䣬ҲΪʹͷߺ޹
ϬĹŴ̥û뵽ӵȿֲơ
˲ڡ
Էɽǿ߶ԣٲȻͬ˰㣬ǸһĴڣ
ϵǣϬǿֺ߳󣬲δȥһࡣ
ˣ
⣬Ӱ߳һԡڵɫˮеŮӣӰ޳
Ϣֲͬþˣ
죡ǲǽʥŮ𣿿Ϣֱ̫ˡ
Уһ궯ͻȻ
ɫԽԽпɬʣͲһȴվûܽϾž˶ʧ˳ΪĿܡ
θģ
ʱУһһߴ߳Ů죬ˡ
һʱ䣬ɳ⳹׷ˣ֪ٵľò˷
ֻǣЩ˭ڽٷɽ󣬽Զһ࣬ƺڵһ
ڴˣһλ˴ƣܹô˵Ⱥ
ôˣεġֹӡȴٳٲ֣ãлŵĿܣ
ƳһԱߵĲɲɡ
ɲɫȻɼֵֹһˣ˿϶ܹŻġ
ˣ
Цħʲôʱܹͺմϱˣֱǻ֮
ӣ
͵أԱߵĿӼڡ
Ȼ̧ͷͿУ߳һӰһͷӢ˲üһ룬
Ҳ̤ˣһŻˣ
Ҳϲޱȡ
㵵ǣ߸ϵ˿Ҳһһࡣ
⡭

Ҫ˵͵̬ȥȴ
ǻ֣˶ȴļһ˭


1340 ߹
ɳ⣬һ޵ҲЩ쳣
ЩڣεҫۺӺգֻȴĬһ㣬Ⱥһ࣬˭뿪
ǡڵ˭
İɣѰڶ࣬϶Ѿˡ
ע⵽ɲڽƲδĵϣ
Щʹ졣
ѵŮΪһвԼ
Ҽҹ˵ĲѰԵǲĺܣڶ࣬ʸôһȺ򣿡
Ц
ɲСԽԽ԰ף˵кñֹӿ϶ûµġ
ǡˡ
ߣҿѰ̸ֻѰɣ
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ǰԭ̱صĿӣһĨɱɵڵء
ɴ۾
ƺû뵽ôͷԼһ
ͽб
Ϊӣ֪Ȱж񣬷ΪŰ衣
俪ڡ
ֻǣﶼ˵ĺʵһӵסǺꡣ
ѰȻҲһԲôš
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һɬʶֻɱһӣ޷ǰλħ⡣
һĿꡣ
ֹӣܲܡɱˣ
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˻һӶʱ¶мĿƵؿɲɡ
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˶Ȼħ񣬻µˣ
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һԵǰŮģ֮ѵÿɹ
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ѰҲЦˣɲɻǺ;ǰһһų֮ģһƵģһ򵥵ů
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лִˣ
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Ӻݺһϣһɸֵļơ

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ƵĻǣʼգѰͲ֪Ǻ˭Ҳʶӡ
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ѰЩ⡣
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ڣ֮ǵͻھ֮
ʱֲǧе޵ߣԿԽطŻ
ɲЩ˼ڨڨʱҸ׾͸ңоȥϲ飬ֻϲߢϼ¶һֱˡ

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Уģÿ޵ߵԲ֮ͬס
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1342 ֮Ļ
ء
ϵսУŭơ
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սһǣ϶ׯ࣬ؼ䣬بžʹ
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һλۣͷڣݹ׾ߣһ䵭ɫϣ˸п
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֮ԵȺڴˣȻӭЩӾ֮ڷصǿǡ
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ҲͳʮѪ̲Уʹ䡣
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ʮ֪ٵǿڴ֮УҰݣ¡
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1343 Ⱥ
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䵱Ѱһץͽ̷˵ıοʱǵס
ǰѰ粻ܹѹĺһλľڣ
û׵ǣ˵ʱԶȴ֪Ҳûʲôо
ˣ֮ǰ޼ɵس֡
Ѱɱҵһӵܣƾһλ̤ĴڣҲעһ
سӱ俪ڣ־ܣǻһϴĸ棬˵Ļᡣ
ᣬ˭ó̬ѱˣٿֻԴв
˵ĵҲѰ¾ǾʲôȥЩ
Ҳԣ񣬶ȻҲ֪˾ʲôҵһϻ
ѰԳһЦ
仰ڽǶУȴ·ڳЦǵ֪϶֮ѿ
ΨгЩͬھ֮ߣѰĸܣҲпѡ
Щϼһֻ»ûʶʱӴ˽Ϊȥƪ
ԺĹŻעɾ쳱
Сҽһϣţҿòͷˣ
ڽ𻷵ĵ㣬Ϊһ̾ȣڰǧ֮
ҲڴʱѰˡ
ϣ
ģһ̷ɵٿȻӳò˼飬Ҳ˷˼ĵز
ۣ
һ̣ڽͷ­׿նѪȪ
ɲǼ䣬һλ߽پϹ
赭дնһ˲ȳ䲻һĻѪȻ棬ȫ
㡭
ɽĻɫ䣬ֻҪ˵ʲô͸оʺһʹǰڣʱʧȥʶ
ͷ­Ҳ֮׿ն𣬻һƯĻߡ


1344 ʥ
ʮ꣬ıĲֹǹŻҲıǿߵˡ
ľǣʮӿֳ˴ǿߣ
ԭڳ;ϵϹҲΪͻͽɱ䡣
վֻʮѡ
ڽ𻷡ЩϹʮǰǹŻаĴڡ
ڳ;ϣƵǰˣ
ڣڽ𻷡λϹһɲ֮䣬ն׼Ѫա
ʼգȥֿͷӦ
ȫž
ټĹսϣǿ⣬ɫ䣬⣬Ǿ
ֻǣҲ̫˰ɣ
߽پϹʥ˲£ڹŻκУưԣ
Ѱ£ȴ߹һ
ΨгЩѰɲǼ򵥵ľΪͬڳ߽٣
˵ɱЩΪ൱Ϲǿ羳ɱУҲֵ
֮һˣ콾һˣͷΣԹڸϾžս֮ǿ˭Ƶģ
ڽ𻷡ḻʶ㡣
ϧǣǶԾ۶һ֪

̷˷УܵĪĴ̼Ӱ𣬳ԶȫӶݣ
ıҪˣ
ͬʱسҲɫңѡӶݡ
ڽ𻷶˵һش׷е̣ǳʶǰ˵Ŀ¡
һˣѲܹʴ̤ġСԺƽƽѹǵĿֲڣ
ˣǿҲܽܣϾ´򲻹Ҳ̱Ĵ塣
ǱǣѰͲв
ԣֻӡ
ۣ
̷ɵһӳ
һͷնԺ̷ˡ
ͷ­׷ɣͷʬΪԣӶݣ󣬲źȻ׹䡣
ʬ׷ǧɣ
ǹһĻȫ޲
ͬʱѰӰʧԭأԲ˼ٶȣسǰ·ϡ
سӻһȻֹĶȵס
ɬѰܸܲ·
شģѰһ䡣
䣡
سŭȫֵվ£̫ˡ
ͼӰٿȻҽƮա
ָһ䣬ҷ
ؾţȸȺ޲ɫͣȻЩҲҡΡ
ǰ󲻹䣬һϹɱ֮˺赭д׾٣
ٿѰһ֮ǰƽݣɾ
˭Լӵܸ𣬾վ
ѰĿɨȫƮ裬ƾϢ䵭Ȼƣȴɽӣ
ȫţ˸Ӧ
жӿʣ֮Ѱǿ˺εȵز
ʮУַ˶ٲΪ֪ɱ䣿
λǣ
ӦѰĿɨЩй֮Եľңңһ֡
ӰһƮȻȥ
ʼգ˸裡
ãгŵղŴƣЩǰӭӵĸǿߣʼ׷ѯʮо֮ڷ顣
ĿģйѰ¼
ӲûܽϾžԲѰľԿ϶ǣ̤ɡ
оӾ֮򷵻صǿߣڷɽ磬ԵڽϾžġ
ȻҲѰϾžеķɡ
ϾžѰһ˵˰һȴ֮̾ء
Щ⣬Щõ˴𰸡
֮꣬½ɱһһڤӡͥŷӡ
գ˽⵽ĹѰ¼ԽԽ࣬ҲǱԽԽš
һЩϹͷ亹ľѡ
ԭѰĲǼ򵥵ľڳ;ϣǰħĴڣ
ʲôסѰУ
˽⵽Ѱնħ̨ϻɱ׵һսʱȫԭѹѾõգѾõĻɽ㣬Ȼ
ȫȻ𣬳
ÿϣд𺳡

ͬһʱ䣬ڹŻǧŰپʮŸ֮أҲ׷ڡ
⡭ܣ
֪ϹԾʧ
Ҳ֪жǿߣΪϢʧС
Ϣȷ̫ס
ףһľȴʹھ֮޷ء
˭ţ
ͷ·һֱӦȽȽ𣬶չŻĴգͻȻһ
ɵ𺳿֪ж
ӣѾ޵𣿡
˽⵽Ѱ콾һ˵ݣռеأնȺۣΪʵľ֮һʱ
˶סˡ
һˣھʮУһ޵еĴ棡

һ죬Ż䶯
ʮ겻ǸϵͳӡˣΪ;ϵľ۾ͷ
еľ
бסڤӡŷӡͥȵԺޱȵĴڡ
һеϢ籩֮£ϯŻ
ӣѳɣ
һЩϵͳ֪ЩϢʱ𶯣пѡ
컯
ʮ꣬Ϊһ֮򣬶һľĴڣעҪܾĿ
ɱôӵܣˣ
꣬λŮʥΪλŮʥǷ񻹻Ϊڷ絲ꣿ
ˣ˵ѪȻλŮʥڣҲܵסı
ڹŻ쳹
֮ȷĻˣ˭֪Ծ֮һ˵Ѱӭһ粨

꣬ΪλŮʥͨ콣ѡͷһΣˣ
񾩣ͨ콣ڣһޱȵ
£ݣǳȥһˣͨ콣ʹͷ
죬ͨ콣ںɽأλչ˲֪µϹŶ̤ɽš

ӾҲѡ
ز£һžɲ۵УһӰݣöɮһ̾
Ȼã
ɮߵľ㣬һ¡
ˣ
һεڴز¡ء쳹
أǴزʥ˱չؿ֮أҲǴزµĽ֮һ
ʦ֣һ»һ⡣
ڣɮڡ

ӵ
ŮʥػһڴΪУֺֻҲܲס
ȫǽĪҪй¶ݡ
ʥ֮ݣɱһ߽پľߣҲ׾֮¡
ȥɡ
һ죬塢ڡɽ½̡ȵȹϵͳУչж
һ졣
Ż˷ʥС

ɱٽ𣡡
ʥ֮أ
ʥѪռһԡ
ΪѪ磬Ǭ
ʮ֮꣬ĻѰһˣŻ𶯣½콵ɱʥУʵΪδ֮¡
˽֮£۳ɰܣӽԿɳ֮Ϊۣʷ
ڣʥ˱ʶ飬һһ䣬Ե뵣ʷӡС

ֽʷ
ʥִ֮֮ʡʷ֮飬֮£ԾţΪǵĴ¡
գѰ֮ڴ£üʷϣ



1345 սʥˣ
ãã
뿪֮ǣѰӰѸ磬۳С
ϸ򡢰³ЩԾʥ䲻ټһɣǾͲڰС
Ѱ
ϸ򡢰³ɲɶֱС
ôҲʲôʱѰƿؾ棬Ϊ̫࣬ܵǣơ
һҪСĽһЩѻرǵĵȿɾڸ
ϸɿѡ
֪֮Ȼ뿪
Ѱ˵⣬͵زʲôӰһ٣Ŀ⿴Զ
䣡
ͬʱһƥĽɫԴǼԶ
ɲǶѣ˲ƣ
ģһǵذѹⷽض밧ɽʯ飬عѡ
⣬ʥϢ
ˣٵӵ𣿡
䵭ĮУһɫ绯һλߡ
һϮۣݣһӿ˵Ľɫ棬һԴհҫۡ
ǣ͸أĵʥϢѹ
һ
Ѱһʲôʲô
Ϸأż˾ˣϷ˵ھ֮飬һᣬԹԸǰȣ򣬱ϷԴС
ɫĮȻ
ΪʥˣԸĵ̺
УѰȻ̤սڳ;ǿ֮Ҳ
֪Ⱦ֮аǧ֮ңȻ֪ϢҲ˶ʱ׷ҡ
ѰĪǣ֮ǰһֱڰпţ
Ҫ
ޱ飬̤ǰÿһؾ͵һ𣬵ضɽҡҡ
ͬʱϣһɿɲѹҲԽԽǿһƬӰ
Σͷ
ؿڣӱú޸顣
ʥ֮£ϣ
Ѱصоϰ㣬
һ
Į쳹
زƶÿһѡ
һʱ䣬ذʮԲεĿֲʥѹ糱ˮ㣬ûƬǬ
ǿڴˣֻѳܲסѪء
Ѱ˿ҲܵһּѹҲĴ󹭣
оھ֮ʮѾ
ʥ
;֮ϣͬԣͬ٣귭ƣף
Ҳ²£֮ѡڴʱҲȲѰɣϾˣ޷ΪЩӵܸ𣬿ֵֶ֣ǵǵˣԲԣ
Ѱɫ侲ɡ
ϸԣ񣬵һһλʥ˵ѹȣܵѹȼ󣬵Ƕҡ
һĨɫӵǲС
䣡
ձ̶ƥ
һ֣羪ס
ҲڴʱѰһΪתǰͷţɲǼ䣬һˡ
ÿһ缡ʳӲӵĵ⣬ħ
գҵԳ߽ԲΪһʥ˵ͣ
ѰУȼս⡣
ȷ֪Լʥ֮жٲࡣ
ǿ֪ػΪԼѰ·
Ѱ壡
뿪֮ǰͷ
ݺ
ϸֳһĨŨŨĲмΣЩԼˣ
Թĸپǿ߸ʥˣ±һ

زٳɣɱһ
ৣ
ͬʱӰһƾʧٴγʱѰǰ͵һư
Ųƣ
Ψʥ˲ƿص
ٶȣȫյռ
ǿϣӦ
سһɲһƥȭӳ
һȭѰĿǰǿ֣ãС
֮ŭսʥ㼫©֮֮ŷѰһӿһȭ֮ڡ
Բŵ˵סԴȭҲȻҪԴȫԸ
䣡
һ춯صײ쳹պ¡¡ݣʮ֮أ类򱬰㣬ա
ѰӰ粻ܿư㣬еɣڰ֮ǿסӰ
ʥ
Ѱ٣ѪпѪĳ嶯һԺȴ֮һҲ˵ɫ
һѣΪɱ㣿
ߣʵҲЩ𾪣û뵽Ѱܵסһ⡣
Ϊ˵߽٣ǳŽپߣǰҲ߹ûʲô
ʥ֮£ϣ仰ɲ˵˵
Ѱȴסһ
ңӲδܡ
ಣ
Ӱһٶʧ
һ̣ѳѰָΪӡ͵غݺ£Զ飬Ͷһɽ
䣡
Ѱ糤۾͵سһͷӰ֣ӯԵ
һ죬Ӱ飬׷УѰɲɱⱻӡУ˱档

غͣһư

ֻǣһƴһɲһӨѩķâէ֣Բ˼ٶնصͷ­
޳ն
һʳָһָۣó
ײУбɣ̶
ף˱˲ãܵס֮һ
Щ⡣
ɳһƣҲΪеϮûܴѰ
ϼһԭһαʥ
棬̳УѰӰѪǱ
ɫ䣬ȴһ˿м
ʥܹʥ֮ǿͨ쳹ء
αʥֻʥ֮ϲܲʥģ
صȷһλʥˣһѹ񷣬ʮԲȴûʥ
Ĺȷӵзڣȴڳ;ķȱһʥƣ
ƾ㣬Ҳʥ
һŭˣһֻ̤ѣ͸ʥ̫
䣡
̤գƮ裬ָһץһֽɫո֣ӳ񷣬ŷصĿֲϢ
սʱѳ׷ģٵǴ˵еġŮʥ֡
֮ǰҲΪɵһ㣬ʱŻԵý̽
ˣضԣѰһ
ţ
Ҳʱһ
ѰУһ۰׹͵Ĵ󹭣ңʺˣѪнݹ
Ѱһ֧ʱ޷򶨣ʧ⡭Ǳ
һ֧޻ۣȾŰѪգ޵ĺâ
ѰУһɿֲɢѹȵնĲ
һһ鹭ͱ
ھ֮ʥ棬ʶ޷ʥ
磬Ͳһˣ
ˣ
Ѱңһħź첨Ȼ쳹ʮء
ҲڴʱشѣɫƥбεŨɱ

ΪһˣɲǣϹŴಿľ֧֮һɱһ֪ٵȱ



1346 һɱ

У˫нɫգҶ
һ˲һ̫׹䣬Ҫٵ䣬նۻɽȫȼ

ҲͬʱһХ쳹
ʺ칭ϣ֮ؼ䣬ֳǺӱ飬Ŀɲ
鹭ܣӳִճ٣ѪĻ棡
۶Կաߡ˲𣬻񱩵
һһдһУ
⾰̫ˡ
һ
رᣡ
䡫
һ磬״̴һֽɫգ䱬飬ӿĻϯ
ƲԶغХȥ

ɫ䡣
ӵбѰҲԷӳ˼ƣϾӽֻһ߽پǿߡ
˭룬һȫԤ
һѹñӳԶܡ
ΪʥˣḻɲǼжϳԭ
ಣ
Ӱ˸Ųգжܡ
ػëǣ㣬νХǣ
»Ȫҵˣ˼һѪ飡
ŭ
ۣ
ҪٶʱֻһʹӲƿһѪ
̲סʹ˻У
̫ˣ
ʥܶ첻˿£
һ˲﹩һλЩλУһ룬ǲڴಿľ֧֮¡
ڱµͣʮϣÿһɶʥΪ
ģӵдʥεս
գڱѪ
һУ֤Ŀ¡
ͬʱѰҲһԾӵŻ֮Ѿٶ鹭
ڱһζûжù
û뵽鹭ͱ£ܲ˿ֲɱ
ѪŮҰ˵Ĳಿľ֧ǽһĿǡ
鹭ƾױѪŮ˵Ѱ鹭飬ǰһ⡭
ƶϣ鹭ͽһ֮ȻҲŻⲻĶԹŶԡ
ϧȥȣô˻ȥһ⡣
ЩͷһɲǼ䣬Ѱͷһ
УͣЪٶ乭ҡ
ˡ
أħŭư첨ٶ
һ䣬ּ̧һͭŽɫ׵磬͵سѰȥ
ͭһʥ
ʥУֱܼ춯ء
ͼɲǼ䣬ױӿǵأоһ׵绨٣Ʈ£ܵâ
ಣ
ӳһֺ˵ĵزֱƿһص׵ɱء
ش𣬳ͭһ衣
ˣȴǿֲĳĵˣؿ̲סȳһѪܼˡ
ضš
һ߽پˣƾһһӵ˻
̫
ƫľͷˣ
ҵ乭ڣ
ѰڷƮ̬ڹ糤Ӱӿ鹭ڡ
ˡ
ٶȴĹϣ׼ħ˻֮ʢʮء
ɫൽ˼£Ŀѡ
ʥˣȴһˣֱܴ裬
ɱ㣡

ʥ˵ֶΣȻ˼򵥡
һ̣ͼһӣһɫգһſС̫ƵĹţɰǧ飬񷡣
ǧշ飡
ǽһеʥطǣƣΨʥ˲ִƵ
ѰȻһС

ţ
һɲ֮ңУһ޴ͨĽɫɣײһʥӡ
һĽأ
ΪѺһ׿Ĵڡ
ƾһþκֶδĥҲ޷ɱ
ֻܽѹڽɫɣ֮¡
ʱһصɳԣҵ壡ѵѵˣ
¶û˵Եüɬޱȣ˭ܼ
䣡
͵أǺڰޱȵУһʵʰŵħڴ˿̾ѡ
ͨߵĽɫɣ͵ز
ǸܵʥҲŹʳֲеѹơ
䣡
ȣڴ˿̱һʱ䣬һȻ쳹
ϣˣ𣿡
ʵ㣡
ͽڰУֱȥ
Уθһ裬ޣݺݳ
ڣҽͬʱҲŷЦ
Щëӵ޵һ¾ûܽɱ⣬Űɣʱȫ壡
͸֮ͺ⡣
žžž
һĳ޺ݺݴ£һЦڽˡ
ߣˣİɣ
ܿ죬ЩҲʧˡ
ǺڰֵУһƤӰţһӴһĨ˵įźʧ֮ɫ
ϧˣȴһСһڽǵˣţҿһϣǾ͡
һ֮
䣬һӰ͵һҧ⣬ָպѪйճһܸӵķš
ˣ
ת̲һ̾ƾʧ
ͨ
һӰ񱻳Ҳ֧ŲסϢٵɵڵϡ
ֻǣȴһ˿㣺ϣܱûϣáӱڴˣȴ¡

ǧշ飡
һδ£ѰȻһӿһǿҵΣ֮С
һ˲жϳѻڷ裬ȫˣ
ֻܶá
Ѱһʱ͵ؿһƥķţٿȻƾո֣ӿе鹭ڡ
ţ
Ѱֱ͵һо鹭һ˲һһɿֲޱߵϢɽӿ֡
С飬ܱҶɱﵣĿˣȥɣ
Զŭɫɲ
䣡
ǧС̫ĹţٿȻк¡
һ̫꣡
̫貺ҫˣʮɽӡǬȻȼﶼҪ׷ٻ
ǧշ飬ʥطƣ
ͬʱѰӦԭĹң͵һ

֮
һ֮ղţѳײͬлɱǬ俪ŵ֮ơ
֮һӣӿڵī֭ͿĨڵɫ
кµһС̫ƵĹţûüܣͱ֮ǡû
һգ
⡭
ػһɴ飬㲻Լ۾
ǿʥֶΣȴ㱻ĥˣ

ڴʱһɱ
ǼֱһʸеǬɫֲ֮ޱߣ
ôܣ
ؾͷƤ飬ð
̤ʥѾܾûϢ֮
ӣ
ǴڱܣԥѡӶݣŲ֮ת˼¡
ϧԶԶ͹һĿ£
ͼ۵һǧ֮⣬˸ŲƵӰһֱӱ
Ѫٰ꣬к
һɺĻ
һλʥˣһɱ


1347 
һɱأ
ѰһԾһαʥɱϾҲʥеĿֲڡ
ڣֱӱһ䱬
Ѱͷ鹭ü䷺һĨɫ
֪ɱأ˹û
˵زܾ
Ѱ˲ö룬̧ٻر˳ƽ׹ĴǱ׹ͭ𣬱ҴҶȥ
ಣ
Ӱ˸תڱϢܿʧԶߡ
ż룡
ˣ⡭ôܣ
Ƭ̣һȺϢֲӰƾճ֡
Ϊһڣɫһ֪ͲϢ
ĵǣһλʥˣ䱬壬
ѵһλŮʥˣ
ɫ粻
͵һ֣ǻȥϣȥ׷ѰֵСӣ
ǣ߼˾
Ӱʶأȥ
ɱ˾ż˾أȻҲвңж̰ðֻҪܲ׽ټѾ͹ˡ
ʣµ飬ͽɡ
ǽһ߼룬ںһ˼⣬ϡ
ಣ
һ̣ںӰһƾʧ

Ⱥɽ֣ͻۣһƬã
ৣ
һϿǰһӳֳѰӰĿһɨܣƮȻء
ʮǰϸ򡢰³һǰ֮ʱ·Ҳ˳
ѰѰһѨֲµƽƣŰһ
ץʱָ
ѰϥأǿҵԤУ֪ԼڹŻЩϵͳȻȡж
ͨ콣ڡزµȵȡ

һʼ糤Ӱת
·ϣֻ¾ûĻˣѰ׼
ͬʱѰһĶãʼ鹭
꣬ѪŮҰѹ˹ף̲ؿֲޱȵʱΪԽߣܵķɾԽǿ
ʱѰޱҪͼٻᶯô˹
Щȥ볤߽پľߣ͵½ʱѲͬն
μ˹ԱɱʱѰȷܵһֲּ̲ڴ˹ڡ
䵱ζô˹ʱ֮һʼ
ʱòתȫǿס֮ɡ
ˣʱͲشϢĻᣬ乭Խѻɱöжף
صġǧշ顱һʱѰȴ͵زһķţӿ鹭
Ҳһɲ鹭ڴ֮ȻͱޱѱԱѰʹָơ
Ҳһ֮һٻɱأ
ʱѰʶС̽鹭һ֮ǵħ
ֲǺӣԼ䣬ħѪʥ˿޺쳹
Ѱһ亹ɱ˶ٿֲޱߵĴڣ˾˵
Ѱע⵽һѪɫţڹޱߵ֮иת޾ɬ֮
˷žһλףѹڴˣ޾ѱڸ׳Ƴ
Сѣ֮飬˹ȱã֤ԵԺ󡭡ԺпܵĻִ˹ǰȣֻܾ롭ô˹ɱһЩë
ˣҲʹ죡
ɬ˵ѴϲƵŭɱޱߵӿ
ѰһϣҲڴʱʧһе쳣Ҳָ֮ƽ
Ψһ췱ܵķš
Ѱջʶѳףɱʱ䣬õ˱еġ֮顱İ
֮飬Ȼ鹭ɣ
һʱ䣬ѰҲпѪŮ²Ĳ鹭ͱȣֻҪһأܹ鹭׷ӳ
ʱ
ѰڵĵƽƣһܣƮȻȥ
뿪ûãһݵӰٿȻ֣ڴһЦ
øֶΣϧʥǿУɻᱻ׽˿
Ӱǽһ߼˾ں
һһһ׺ʧ
ںȴƬ̣ͼһ׺ɻأȡУ»һ
У¼żʱصϢ
ʮ˾ȻҪԶ֣
ںһ㵹һ
ڽһΨʥܵΡ˾һְνʥ죬ִ˾ˡ
ءںǣʥˣȴαʥֻܵμ˾ְ֮񣬵λԶԶ޷˾ȵġ
ʮ˾ͨۼ֣ںóƺһ岮ѱչذǧ²
ҲλŮʥ֣ɱ˾ż˾أԲŻὫͨ岮
ں˼
ţ
ڴʱںһͻһɱޱȵΣϢԼϡ
ȻתͿԶطһƾֳһűİ׹Ǵ󹭡
ѪĹϣһ֧۵ȾѪңң׼Լ

ں͵ùԲ㲻š
һ侲ʶɢ˷ˣİֳɡ
ɱ㣬һ㹻ˡ
ԶѰɫ
²⣬һ·Ͽ϶̫ƽܻᱻ׷٣ʶ֮ǰ뿪ʱػһȦ˻
û룬汻˵ˣ
ô˵λŮʥûиߣ
ںڣڹʱ䣬м侯裬ɲΪԼǿ
Ȼʥ֮𣬾ĲѰǼܲڰеһλֲڣ
Ǻǡ
ѰЦˣһ˵ķ̡

ûгɣҿţһϼ磬նȥ
ЦΪϿʥ֮
ںЦ
ɫͷͷƤըΪһ˲͵زвϢ
ɵŮʥǡ

ã
𣬾Ҫܡ
ۣ
ϧȻʧйᴩڰ͵ͣͣը
ǰףģͲνŮʥ֣Ǳ
ԣ
ǰѹ
ϤϢ
ںһ˿ʶأ鹭һʱ䣬ȫˡ

ˣںʶ׶Ͼ
Ѱһ鹭ͱһɱںҪɱظס
֮ˣȫһ䲻⡱ϣԷһ˼ھ衰Ůʥȴ鹭Ŀ£
Ѱǰ׼ʰսƷ
ɾһɲɫ͵һӰˣۣƿնȥ
䣡
Ѱ뿪ԭλãȻֳһֻϿݵӡŴĿƥʥԣݺݰ¡
Բǧ֮أʯľɽ塢աԱ촷ۣޡ
һƬأһƵģ


1348 ʥ֮Χ
УһðӰƮȻֳС
һӣһϮĿۣһ֧ɽ̸Ӣȴ޾֮С
Ψнһģӣʵһλѱչǧ֮õϹ
ͨ
һλеʮϯλ˾λѱһλʥƿʥ
ӵٿ죬Ҳá
ͨɨһ۳Уһƾʧ

ʥϢ֡
ԶطӲУԶڲ档
Ȼһ뷢࣬ɫĮüĿ⿴Զ
ʦ֣Ӧúһ׷Ŀꡣ
䣬ӿ˵Ľ⡣
ţһλʥϢӦȽһ
һһոݣ̬ӵɳƿڡ
ʥ
һݡ
ʦܣҲжˣͨ콣С
߿ɳƿڡ
Ȼ
ݵͷ
£λͨ콣ڵʥˣŲնȥ
¡ԭҲסˡ
Ƭ̺һɮ˳֣ģᣬеĲɣϢȴ֮Ũ
ҪԸӵģֹƶɮһ
ɮ̾һ
ֻɱһ;˶ѣȴ˴ƣȥĻվЩʡ
Ҳգһ⣬һӾкֵͣʥУĿ
ɮӰһƮȻȥ
ز£žɵڣһλɮૣʦӦѰٵ˵ټ˰ɣ

ԶԶأһۻ޴ĳǳѰҰС
ಣ
Ѱۣͷһۡ
һǰɱں֮ͻȻܵΣգԥѡӶݡ
ѰѴܶ϶֮˱Ȼһλʥɣ
ΪǵϢ̫嫡ʥԶءںɱȡ
Ѱеǲɵ̫ࡣ
ĿֿԶֵľ޴ǳء
˵ʵն֮Уúһ¡
ʮѾܾòᵽ쳾̻֮ˡ
ˡ
ѰջǷˡ
ֻǣ׼Ƶʱһͳöؼ䣺
ˣҽǣ԰Ƶһ˶ȥڴֹɡ
Ѱ΢΢һУʶӦУͼոߴһı֡
УһװŮӣʤѩڷīݾޣʾ
ǣ
ѰȻ
壬Ҷ
װŮ߿߿̣ö
ѰŶһӰƮȻһһɽ֮ϣɽХڷ졣
Ŀɨ˷õʥˣȻˣαڣ
ƽ쳹ؼ䡣
ǣСǲס
һЦƼ𣬾ͼƲٿȻһ󷭹ֳһ޳ΰӰ
һ۵ӣ֮һ𻷣Եú졣
ǣ
Ѱʡ
ɽīǡ
΢΢һЦԵޱʥࡣ
ס˵Ļ
ѰƳһۣ㽫Ŀ⿴һࡣ
һͭս¡¡ѹնѪʣ棬սϣһӰģƵӰ
λѣֻҪһ࣬ģǴá
սϵĺӰڣޱȡ
ѰûзʣȻоȫûҪ֪Է˭ɹΪС
ˣ˭
Ѱ⣬ȴ޷⣬ϳͭսϵĺӰʥ֮ء½̡һλ
ʥĺѪ
𣿡
ѰĿӺҶɽīǡ½ĺѪɨ
⣬λʥˣ
ۼϢȻӹɵĿֲ
ΪһΪ֮һˣѹ֮ͬâȷ˾ޡ
Ȼһ罣Ƶ쳹ͨ콣ڵĿ¡λʥˣֳС
˵ǿ¡
ֻǺܿϧһղʥһձϣƾپɾޣҲʥһָ
ɫĮ
ǿɲá
ǰãɱλʥ˾ֶοǺ֮
ͨӰֳУ磬ɽϵѰ
һ仰ȫϹЩ⡣
ǿɺһʥ˾αʥҲʥµǿܹƵġ
ڣλαʥѰУȻ˳Ծ
һʱ䣬ǿѰĿⶼһ˿ɫ
λصŮʥ˶֣
ϣһϮװҶ߳ʵ
˻һóʥԲײУ֮ԵҲ֣ҲЩɵڴˡ
ϾʮǰʥΪֵʵ̫
ΪʥڣǿѰΪϣӣȴòλŮӡ
Сɱġ
ͨ̾λһ֮룬ɱСֻҪϵһһȫ
˽ޱ飬ȲӦҲԡ
ͨˣЦһҲٶ˵Ѵк˸Ҳ֣ͱ
ǴֻΪͨ콣
ݺȻڣλΪ˽ñǴߣᵹǿָһ
ƽȴɱ
ˣƶɮǷҲԤһҴزµһŴУڴУƶɮԵء
һº͵һϮɫɮ۵ķֳУ˲ͳΪȫĿĽ㡣
ز£ǵһһʥ֮أһλʥɮ
һʥˣ׷׳֣˷̸֮䣬Ѱڱ˴˽ϷѰ֮
ңһһССؽţ
龰ѰҲӿŨޱȵɱЩ϶Ϊ̤ʥ󣬱޷죿
ûʲô˵ģС֮һһһһʹ졣
½̵ĺѪᡣ
ɾǳˡ
Ǻǡ
Ѱһʥ˳УΧңҪҲͰˣȴûҵһ䣬ϻô࣬ΪβҶ֣
ʥɫԱ䵭
һС˳ȻǲãѿǣѰһ仰˵Ҫ
֮һֱڲ֣Ϊǽڼɵ;ѰλŮӡ
ͬǱ˴֮䣬ɲˣҲѣȻ˭ҲԸһ֡
ЦǣЩ¶ټģֻǰУвٲҪƤ϶û
ɽ֮ϣѰЦȻûһ˿ɫǲǶģһ̢ô죿
仰̫ˣ
һӣóһʥɫһÿһϢȻɢһأԶ
ؾţζֲʥѹɽХһڣǵһĻκ޵߱
λһΣ

ã
Ǿ͸ƾ°ɡ
˷׷״ӦԱĮѰ
ǸڳУɱѰȻ̡
䶼ЩɵŮӣҲ޷ıɱѰľġ
οʥڶ࣬ԲͬĴŮУȾ棬
ܵס



1349 ݲһˣ
ʥˣѵһײβ
գȴʥֻΪѰһˣһ֣Χһأ
ȥ𵴡
ʵϣҲȷˡ
ʥʱŻʥԴ˻ȻɶԵЩϴԣϢס
ӣ
һЩжϡ
ͺʥ֮£ϡ
Ѱǿ죬Ҳվʥˣɱһλʥ˳棬ָܵĨ
ο˴һʥ˳У
λŮʥ֣ת
ѣ
һЩֻλʥ˳κβŮʥ
βһ֪ʥˣʮ֮࣬Ҳչǧʥ
ôһǷ̫ƽˣһʥ˳֣˼𣿡
Ҳ˿˳ۡ
ϣʱйƽѰһ·޼ɣɱ¾㣬ֻ̫಻õ
ͷ㲻֪η֪ηؽѣУƵ黹𣿡
Ѱʹȷ̫ϧˣϾ֮ߣʵǧźԺܳʥעҪ޹Żһµġ
ˣЩ޷ɳ˵ãʥʱָεɱ٣
ɱŵ飬ԹһֱڷţµѰҲͬˡ
ۣһĹŻ̬ͬȽԲһ
ϧҲԹۡ
͵һˡ
Σдڵȴš
֮ڽĻˣͬѰ֮һˣǷڽ䣬ʧ

ѰһԶϣڱϵˡ
ֻԼ
ǰֻƴһֶΡıȥƻĸ߱ѡӶݡ
ΪʱСû㹻ϵĵ˿⡣
žʮĥѲǰ
̤ʮУΪͻ߽پս֮ǿҲͬ޵С
ıģȴľ
ʮѪȷ꣬뿪֮ǰѲ²⵽нһĻ
޾壡
ңһûѡá
򣬵뿪֮ʱݸòӿȺУźۼȥ
ľĲͬ
޾ĵкܶࡣ
ЦǣЩʥ˶ڼɵڲ²ܻŮӵ
ɱЩ֮ͽȥͼλǰ
һˣ㹻ˣ
ԣ±ȺʥΧѰɽϣɫģȻ塣
ΨеɱԽԽʢԽԽڣҪƲס
ʥˣ
һȺ޳ܱӵϹˣ
λǰƶɮҪһ䣬ǧҪƺҪһӰˡҴزµĴУҪгȡ
ڣһЦ衣
ǿЦģΪĵѰɱʥУѰ̫ˡ
֮ݽ棬֮ϡ
𵢸ˣһ·
ᡣ
䣡
һ˲䣬ֻ̽񷣬ҲѰɽȫС
󣬺ݺ¡
ǶĲӬƵġ
û˻ΪѰܹס赭дĹ㹻һʥµϡ
Ѱ䣬ʼգйһ˿ҡ
ֻǣʱȴһ쳹
ϣ
һ磬նʮ
ǽƥѤãƥҫۣɲǼնһйƵϯ°
УȺʥһԶ
Ż֮󣬾ݲһ𣿡
һѩ쳹һƾո֣̤ɽ
Ӱأɢ̵⣬⣬˺񷣡
իƽʥΤƣ
ɲǼ䣬ڳȺʥϳݣԶüɫһ
ɱһɲ˴ϣȻ˲á
ãĲ
ΤƮȻ䣬ƾѰؼ䣬â籡ɨȫһߵơ
ΤƣƾһˣҲҲִ£ҪҵΪ𣿡ߣɱŷ
࣡
һ̣һ˶ƥޱţһλ߸ϣʥء
ޱɽҹϣ轣ʥ
˳Ծ
û뵽Ͼ˼ǵࡣ
ЦָһϮۣ뷢ϣȴ춯ء
Ҳһ
Уһλݾ绪ŮƮȻ֣ƼᣬȴԳơ
ɵȺʥϳʱȴû˾òס
ΪŮӣЦ壬ּߣںܾ֮ǰšɲʥķţ
֮һλŮʥҳѾã
СһΪһ£ģһļһիΤƣԱͷޱɽҹ壬ҹ
ŮӿڣңҲ磬Ц顣
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Ѱ֣ԭ׼ȴûޱȵĹͷӪҲдѪӿ
Ҫ֪֮ƣȺʥУε׶
ΤơҹЦλʥȴΪͷ޾ȺʥˣжͶݣ
лʲôϾžСӣիһӵֻѣΣգϷӲܣ
ΤԴϣɱ
ЦͲ·ͷ
һڳ˽ɫĮɱ
λƾǣսֻҲ޷СȷҪϽ
ޱ飬
Τ˵ĳ֣ȷһԸı֣
Ȱλһ䣬˭ˣҲ޷СڳʥˣɲֻǣΪе³ǿҪˣ
ɽīЦ
λ°ɣˣҲס
½ĺѩĿڡ
һʱ䣬Ⱥʥɫ䡣
ΤơҹЦ˵٣ȷһɲڳЩʥ˼ɵ
λǴ㳹ײҪˣ
Τɫ䣬ʥ֮ݣб֮٣ֻΪɱһˣӺ𣿡
ǷϻŻ̫ã٣ҲʱһȺˣ
ҹȴԵ
ȷ̫Ҫˡ
Ц̾˿ʥεҫۣȴһֱ֣֮
ڳȺʥɫһ
עҪʥˡ
ݺȻЦգ˭赲
ɱ
һʱ䣬ȺʥΤƵ˵Ŀ⣬Ϻεɱ
ҵȵҪԣ˭䣡
ΤҲЦɫ
λΪһֻϣ
ز·һ̾
ʥˣҲЦѡ
ȺʥֻۣΪɱѰһˣ˵ΤƵˣһЩ֣Ҳעıƣ
һϣ˶ѣȫѹ
ߡ
գԽԽ
ԲѣΣ汳
أҹȣӰƾһɱȥ˫ַ⣬ĳһƬ貽⡣
ߣ
ݺ޾ɫӭϣӰ顣
¡
˽֣죬ʱѣɳʯǧ֮أԻꡣ



1350 
ˣҵҲְɡ
ۼҹݶԾһԶĿ俪ڡ
ԣԺ塢½̡һһʥˣԵͷһĿ⿴ΤơЦ顣
һ̣ض·ڰޱѹ֡
ȺʥУ죬˿һ¶ɱʮ֮أһֲ֮У
ΤƺЦüʶս޿ɱ⣬һɫþȻ
ɾڴʱɽ۵ѰȻڣλǰһ˶𣬻һ
һ仰ȫ㵣¡ʥ˽Բ΢¶֪˵Цݡ
ΪϣҲеԼһˣ֮»⣬о򡣡
µͷ
ʥ˶Ц
սδȫ汬Ѱˣ⣬ϸһ֮С
Сӣǿ𣿡
ڼսҹΤơЦüЩѰ̬ȣǴΪģϧʥ˺
ڣСӷһˣǶЩʧѵǿ˴ӣ
ɽϣѰȻ򣿲ˣ˵ɱЩһ˱㹻ˣ
ʲô
УǿǣΤǣԲ㲻Լ䡣
ҲڴʱѰӰ̤ն
䣡
ڣһӲɵķǻɬķӡ
ͬʱһ쳹
ͼǷ֮ڣһűķӡľӨ͸࣬Ѱڡ
ˣˣˣ
һǿ羪װɶ֮ʼѰ쳹ʶꡢѪ
һɲ䣬һϰǡ
ɱģƿ
Ѱͷ쳹
̫ʱ٤ʥһɱģѰǧԵ
֣֮ҿӡɻáɱġ֮ɱһ·
һ˵ʵһɲǼɡ
ƾѰ¡һʥ˳ʼһ¶֮ɫ
СϣǶԵУ
֪η֪
ҲѰϢˣɲĴԨһ˵Ļɬ֮С
û˻ɵ
ʥˣѰʲôҲǸеɵ
Сӣ
Цüͷ壬ܲѰ
ǰҿϷá
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װŪϰĶҲҽ
͵أսŲĹ⣬ɷ½̵ĺѪЦ
ӰģںУֳһѪսìɱ
ˣ
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ߣ
䲻ѰۼһĻΤƻûסһڵ
ȴ͵ػһһ˼Ļ档
Ѱһ֮䣬ͽһѪӰ𣬻Σ׵ȥһ
⡭
Τһ𶯡
ĺѪս֮ǿǼһȥ˵ѰĳپˣʥҲԴ
ڣĺѪһȴѰ⡣
һӣĨΣ
ֹΤƣĺѪһʥҲһĿǽʶѰȻĳֹ
򣬶ϲܻһ
ಣ
˷ӦѰӰƾʧ
Զ߿գҹһֱڼսɾʱѰӰͻأس֣ҹ֮ǰһĳ
䣡
ͷųɫԲſµʥɱ񣬿ֲޱȡ
ҹҲҪȫӦԡ
Ѱһ֮£ĽɫȻ飡
⡭
ҹҲס¶ݣѰϢ޷ǳ
С㻹
ɫһҲѰƱˡ
ΪһλʥεĴڣһ۾ͿѰõԼ
ףѰվǳ߽پһǸڳκһλʥ˵ġ
ͻȻӵ˼µҲʥһۿ֪
ʶݣڳʥˣԲη壡
ৣ
ݿʱһͻ貵Ľնʥ⣬ͨ쳹ף
پǿߣעᱻһĨ
һѰֻһȭ
䣡
Ǵʥһֽ㱻򱬣ըУ
⡭
ҹΤơЦ˽סѵ֮ǰСӡ
η壬Ⱥʥ
ͬʱԶĿ¡ҶĺѪһʥˣҲ¶֮ɫ
Ǻε
ӦһλʥСá
λɵƴ˵עɢ֮ʱܳΪƿء
Ȼˡ
ɲǼ䣬Ǿжϡ
Ϊʥˣ޾±ãεȷḻĿϲһ㡣
ͬʱϵѰڣλǰ˳սգҵʥɱһϹ
϶ʮء

ɫһֵٶɱȥƥϯǬУ˵ǿֲޱߡ
ѰܣԭأȻ
Ψʳָһ˲
ˣ
϶ãĴʷ䣬ֳ¸Ǩ
ɲǴ
ֻǣѺȫͬն
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ƥĽѩˮϢ֮ˣûڴʷУ
䣡
ʥ걬УݷʹĴУӰȴԵġ
ٿģÿһ缡ѪƤ
УȺʥݣԱ
ѲµѰõһصɵĿ֮״֮С
ݣͨ콣һʵĽʥɲαʥ֮ɱȡ
ڣһ֮䣬ѱش
ֻ֣һ߽پ˶ѡ
̫˼飡
ٿѰʱǵĿⶼѱ桢أǼɵѰǼɵѰõ
ʵ޷󣬸Ǻεȿֲѣȴһپˣһˣײһˡ
СֶΡ
ۼѰɱȥ½̵ĺѪӰ뿪սӶһѪꪣѰɱȥ
䣡
ѣ޹⡣
ʥһεȿ£ĺѪɱѰֻһۣ㽫仯⡣
ĺѪӰ类̫ɽײ͵ĵ˳
Ծ
ɫ΢䣬ף͵ƾһѰǰָ罣Ѱ
ݱ׷ɱ

ѰͷҲأһ磬ǵƵģ¡һѹȶ
ҲĺѪ㣬ˣ
ɲǼ䣬Ⱥʥɫ䡣
֮ǰǻѰԴǼ価ǡССϡС衣
ڣǽ޷ˡ
ҹΤơЦ˿ֲ֮࣬𺳲ѡ
Ǻεӳ֣һپˣӵԻʥ˵Ŀֲƣ
ǡ
Ҳˣ


1351 ɱʥ
־ŭ
ʥѪս¸յҲ
ûһ˷ŭ
һ߽پˣΪһع޿ƥУ̧֮䣬ˣ
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1353 з
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Ѱʱü



1354 ʣʥ֮
뷢ѩףкȻ֮һִͳΪȫĿĽ㡣
ʥԶϳԷݣнһü¶һ˿ɫ
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Ѱһ̣ţĻ֮ƫ̻Щʥ˵ģ
Ψǰֵʥأ
ȷɣҲѰţϣȱ̫ʱЩһ

ûκγɣѰһȻ
ֹսڴ˿̼֡
Уػ°ɱӣǬ֮䡣
ɱ
ЩʥԴУԥ
ϧǣǲδѰ˥֮ʱ˵Ǵսһ𣬾͵͹Ѱõ
ԶЦǣ´һУΪѰõģʥ
ɱģͬų
ɱĵ̫һλӵд֮ʥǵѰ
ʥʥ֮ۡ
ߣʥ֮ȣ
ɵۣǹŽʥʵǵһɽ߶翣˵
һЩʥɱˣǻе֮
Ψ֮ǰķ³зһУѰõɵҪʱѷ
ۣ
սУƬ̣īǱɱһ屬飬ǰŭʵ
Զϥеһ̾ͷҲ̧סʣʷд£
ʮ꣬ѩɣǰǧ֮أȺʥУնѰ˸Ž֮Ѫս
սУ½нһͨͨ콣ڿ¡ز·칷并ɽʥ䣬Ѱ۵֮£֮󡣡
ɸ꣬ѰɱѶ޿תڴˣΨ񡣡
ΨϣպУ̫֮ɣΪŻıδ
д⣬һ̾дɽī䡭
УͼѰֱ¸½̵ĺѪұ嶼ըѪޱȡ
ͷɫϲֱʷ漲ߣʷд£½ĺѪ֮䡣
Զսڼػҡ
һʷ飬һ֧ʣڼ¼һС
кȻ뵽֪һʷеһսֻεۣ



1355 ۵Ϣ
Ѫ
ӵϿܹټ񷣬ѱŨضĿѪ⸲ǡ
ˣ
һħʥͰ̾Ĵ֮ؼصţһ֧֮
սڱѰͷһӰתɫ磬һλ
֮£Ʈ裬¸ɱʥ
޿ƥа̬ҹЦ顢ΤƽԶѴǣ羪κ˷ӿ
˭Ҳû뵽ˣҲûֹһС
˵ǸûѰȻƾһ֮֮ɱȺʥ
̫˼顣
䣡
Уͨ콣ڵݷ˻ֻ̾ޣͷɢ񱼣ߡ
սʱѳ׸е֡
ǣѳԹӶݣһƬصգѱµǣ޷ʩչռŲƣ
һΣҲ⡣
ûӶãӰ㱻ѰȭȶĵˣпѪ
㾿˭
Ŀѣдŭ
⣬ͬҲǳʥɻġ
ӿսʱΪѰõֻʥ֮ܳ־ãʶ޿֣Ȳʤȯ
ڣǳʶһ⣬ѰΪкҲûʲô
õȴʥģҲڴʥʥ
䣡
Ѱûлش÷ϻɫĿ£ƿֱƿ¡
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УϹʥҶǿ֮ϣһͷɽĴ·һץ㽫Ͷȥ綪һʯӣ
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ڣѰ޷һУ
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ɱ
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һʱ䣬ԶڰУսһЩʥˣܾӣ׻ˣٲҴȥ
ԹۣǶǻĸβڣѰʩչɱ嵽
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޿ת

ʡεڰ쳹ЩʥˣԺԥˡ
ٲߣֻ¾߲
ΪսеʥˣѽʣˣѰ׽϶Ըǣ
ֻǣһ뵽ʼն֣һ塢ˣЩڰеʥˣһ˵ıƺͳ衣
ˣǲٵȥ
ಣ
Զһ󲨶ϢأЩʥԶݡ
ע⵽һĻһֱھһеҹЦǽԲЦŵĶˣ
ۣ
ٴʷд£Ⱥʥ壬־߽⣬̶ֻȥ˿νǰδۣ֮Ž֮֮ҲΪֵһ׮Ц̸
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˵ʵҲЩľǼɵѰʵǱɱ
ɱȥջ֪Ҫжʥ䣡
Ҳҿǰеʥߵģ˲ݣվҲһķա
ҿ϶Ժ޳׵İգЩߵʥֻһӶٶѰ֣
壡
֮£ǲӣҲעˣһĨӰʱʱ̿ǣɱѰҪǱɱķա
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Уһλʥһģ
ۣ
Ѱûпɫһ˿ı䣬ȫָԷĨ
ŻΪУû˭ɱǼȥ
УʣһʥˣǺҶֻ˿ȴ㣬˺ѷΰС
ԵΣ·ɱ˱ǣ
ĮУѰֱĮûи飬ǿƾ̬ЦǶĺѡ
ʶ˭ѰΪУֱһجΣ
գҶҲɱڳС
ѰΪɷǣضѡ
ϧվܲ԰Ѱá

ؼ䣬Ũɺ졢۵ѪȣʥѪ꣬ؼţò
Уʥˣ
֮ǰΧѰЩ֣ѷ˭ûߡ
һĻЦǶεĸоǿʥˣⱲʲôû
ɴʱ㱣о̫ʵ
˭󣬾ڽգһ߽پˣȺʥΧУһȺʥ
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ϣѰȴпΪڴʱһɼֲϢٿȻӼԶط
Ϣǿò˼飬Ѱһɲܵһ־£
ߣ
أѰع񣬾͸оǰһ֪ʱֵһӣƾմߡ
¡
ɲǣУȻֳ޾⣬۳һϡޱȵӣǿհ嫣󸡳С
ɨӾʮأһߣ۵Ϣֲá
Уһ˿ʡ
գĿЦ顢ҹΤϣԺлѰ֮ʱҲȥսɱһ
´ּ⣬Į顣
䣡
һޱȵӣʧؼ䡣
ʱЦѾһ亹
ΪʥˣڸղһӳʱǸеһϢѹָС
һλۣ
ãЦһʵ
㲻ǴۣҲһλʥĴڣ䱾δ֣ǵϢѿֲò󡣡
ҹͳ
֪
Τɫ㱣Щʧţ˵ǿ֪񾩣
ҹЦüĿ֪ܲ񾩣ǹŻеһݾ֮
ͨ콣ڣ̾С
λ˵һ
Τɫӵ
ʱҹЦס


1356 ɳΪʥ֮
һ䰻ȻϿС
ˡ
ղӳֳѰӰ
֮ǰѪƥɱʥսУһգۣͳһϿУѰҲЩ
ã񾩵ǲ֮ͨûм֡
䣬Զ񷣬ظ¶һɵЦݡ
񾩣
ѰҲԾһʫ
ϰ񾩣ʮ¥ǡ
˸Ҷᷢܳ
ǰ񾩣ʮ¥еп顣
ʮ¥еġ¥ڣ֣ڵһʯϡ
ڶͨ콣ڿʦͨ콣档
ס
ʱѰƵ¥¼Լֿ˴һʯϣ
ѰǵãʱԼͨĥ£Ϊ¥һʱǴš񾩡лһѵЦ
£Сѣʥʱ֮գ֮ʱ

¥߳Ѱ۹񾩡ˣҲʾ֪ȴ˵һɫʵĴš
˵ͨ콣ڰطɽǰʮ¥ǱѴڡ
ʮ¥ǣһλֵ졣
֪ͨ콣־ʱҲʮ¥нĥ
ʱӾͻɣλˡǰ񾩡
Ѱȴ²⣬Ǵ˵λˣαȥʮ¥е¥н
ҲʱѰһ󵨵Ʋ⣬񾩣λ˵Ĵˣ
ΪǾʫС˸Ҷᷢܳһ䡣
֪񾩣
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Ǿǰ
ͷղսУҲܵһɼµӿڰ񾩡

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͵һλ׼۲εĴߣںܾ֮ǰǰŻǰߣںͰɱŻһĬĬڹŻķߡ
֮һλܣͨ뢣ؽǡȶԶˡ
Ʋ⣬֮Գֻ֣ǲԸɱôʥˣڹŻʥ
Ѱһÿɷ
ӲԴһ˵ĺû
񾩻Уһλֵþصǰ
Ѱۡ
ǰͨ콣ʲôϵ
ѰȻʵ
񣬰֣һݾʮ¥ǣͨ콣ѿء
ϵǳ
ϸ˵ͨ콣ڵĿʦǰ񾩵ʦܣֻͨ콣ͥɽɣԳһ֮棬Ψа̽УһֱȻһˡ
Ѱ𵴣ͨ콣ʦ֣ζţһλϹʱ
㾡Էģ֪ͨ콣ڽҲȻԶԸ㡣
ԵúţԺֻҪлǰŻǰս˽⵽һλˣһڴһػǰսŻߡֻ类ˡ
ѰüŻǰս;սѵһ
ЦһҲһϸԣŻǰսΨʥϵǿߣʸǰ޵ȥҲ
˵ǰսʥǿߵɱ֮ء
ھսλһЩУЩλڹŻ֮䡣
ΪطԼսֻʥεǿ߽룬ʥǿߣûơ
ǰ֮ɽμСͷ֮ӦҲڲɽϣһͨսͨ
һԣ޵ߣǺھսġ
Ծսž֮ϣʥ֮µǿԵĵط
ҺǰսͬսٻῪش䣬пܿ
Եúģڽ͡ǰս͡սʱ޲Ҵ
ѰȻԷ˼ֵǰģҴӦȻ䣬һգоսҶ岻ݴǡ
οá
Ѱλƺ֮Լһʼֵڣһֱ¶һ⡣
Ѱ⣬Ҳܸдʶأһ£ǣһ
СѣһɱҲĻˣкδ㣿
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Ҵȥ˶һЩĶԹȻ󷵻½һˡ
Ѱ˵⣬һǰ֪η½磿
üҡͷǰƲع䣬һǰ½ͨı仯
½磬ְֻ취
Ѱһ񣬵ǰָ㡣
һ֣ǰľ·ȻΪ仯ͨ½ͨ飬һЩУһЩ֮Ľڵ꣬Խ֮ĴŲơ
һְ취ѰѷˣĴʵ취
ڶȥ֯壬еġ·ߡΪ֮Ѱٳһͨ
˵⣬Ѱһ˲ɲɣ̾ѵֻȥ֯Ѱ
ƿѰеΪѣȻ΢΢һЦóһӡŷܵƵͭУݸѰСѣҽǰ֯ѰֻŴ˺УǱȻӦ󡣡
ѰЩԾ
Цݺ㣬Űɣ͵ΪŻһԵСԺĪҪӦ顣
ѰЦǰóҴӦ飬ҲȻ
ˬʴЦ
գѰݶ顣
Сѣǡ
ûãƮȻȥ
ǰء
ѰĿͶԷ뿪Ҳпϻкܶʮ֮ͬҲȱǰʥͣ

ѰһĿɨܣѰ˸һɽʼ޴
ڣɱĵѱٸɺԣһɱʥ֮սҲеޱȵƣ
񣬳һֲظƣУеϢ

ͬʱ·սŨƥѪɫǾòİвһ̾
ϣûˡ
ϥ֮£óеĴʺʷ飬д£
ʮ꣬ʥ䣬֮䣬Ѫڤ˵ս£δУǣΪ
֮Ѱ֮ģǧŲ֮ƣ֮࿴͸ǳν֮£пݾ֮ʱƣΨϣպĴŻӡ
մʱоʥڴˣɳΪʥ֮ա
дգƮҷƾʧ
˰ǧ֮صѩɣУʺѪĴ꣬գؽһƬĿѪ֮ɫ
һ죬Ⱥʥ½Ծ


1357 
һ죬ǾʮĻӡ
һ죬ҲȺʥʱ
һɱʥ֮սϢ޷ΣڹŻϵͳһ籩
ͨ콣ڡ
ݺͿ»û
һޱȵͨ콣´쳹
ڣһͨ콣ڸ߲Ѿ̫ϳϵηˡ
ճԣȺʥУɱһδʥ˶ѣǼֱһȺȥûʲô
ǹĵǣѰһһλʥУ
ֱڣȴϢأȻ֡
ˣһλʥ˴Ϣ˵˵ݺͿλ涼Ѷ
͵أһʧ´ǰ쳹
ͨ콣£һһıŭƥƲ㶼
ͨ콣ڴˣڽսԵ֪ڵλʥɱѰ

ز¡
žɵУžһһλɮе鴮ѣһſűӨһء
ʦֲ֣ˣ
ɮʧأɫò

塣
ˣҶˣ
ߵ쳹лŰ޺֮

½̡
ܣһֻϰĶɱʥˣ飡Ҳ
һ죬½緢裬ŭð½һͽľ̻̲

칷塣
ˡλŮʥûгɽϾѡǡǵڳװѰӵˡ
һں칷Ĵ׻ʧǡ
һĻĻڸϵͳš
оλʥ䡭
ͬʱŻ֪ЩϢʱҲò㲻š
ʥ֮£ϡ
ʥ۷һȺڣӵв˼ͨΰͬԡ
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ϢҲסܿ첻ֹǹŻĹֲڹŻÿҲ֪ˡ
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ɣʥˣһȥԸħһֱǲҪ֮
˷ŭ
ʹ죬ħɱúãЩʥ߸ϣΪϲݽ棬ڣҲһʲôо
Ҳ˴ЦѪţΪѰ׳ٺȲʡ
ôѰǽЩϵͳ׵ˣ
硣
ʥ˶ɱԺĸϴҲۣȥѰ鷳ӱɱʥ˻ࣿ
Ц
ֻܿܿԹߣԼϲöͬۡ
ΣڶԴѰ̬ϣ˭ٲǰԼͳŪ
ΪѰѸܹڮٺ裡
ʥˣɱ⺷ֲսмܰ쵽
ԴԺħѳɣΪͬһˣ޿ɵֵ޴ۣ
˸п
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֪ѰʮһٳΪ콾һڸȺۣսΪ֮һʱ𺳣𾪡
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һЩӾ֮߳ĸ껡ӡСԬˣ֪ϢҲһʧ
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Ҳǵ죬ϢѾкܾòֵ׼۰񾩣ָԿʱѰȥɱصһѰɱ
һʯǧˣ
񾩣һλ˲֪µĻʯһλڵ۾ϵĴߣҲ
˵Ѱ˭԰񾩵ݣЩѰɱȺʥ֮٣ҲδԳֽдѹֻ䲻òμԺ󼴽ľԶѣ
񾩵̬ȣҲһЩϵͳĺһλ׼ۣѵϿѰʵ
ͨ콣ڣ֪ϢʱЩŸ߲㣬ͽԶɵˡ
Ψǿʦʦ֣Ѱɱݡλʥ֣δ
̬ȣԱΪĹѰһ

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Ҳ֣ԹֹۣѰɱʥ֮٣
ϢʱڹŻһ籩
¾ʥ֮֮һǡϿѰ
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һˣȴһ棬Ϊһĵ񻰣ɱһǰδеƣɱЩϵͳĲ
һ࣬Žƽ
˭ܷϣѰѳɣ

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һ̸ƵѩɣںӨ׾ӨڴСĻ䣬ʥ֮Щѩ׵ĻȾ˴ĿʺѪɫ
ѪɫĲ
ǻѪ
Դ֮ÿѩɣʺѪΪһ׮µۡ
ţ޵ѩɣʱԼԼʥ˿֮
ѩɣ֣Ҳ򱻴дʷϣţΪŻһɫʵǡ
ԺУ˲֪޵ǰƾ
ң뵱һʥѪս಻֪ж޴Ϊħֶ̾


ϿڵһɽڣѰӴֻȣͷͨˬ
ԾŸʥ˵һɱģҲֵˡ
Ѱ˿
ɱģΪʥһɵ۵ֲ֮
ϧǣֻܶһΡ
񣬴ʧ
һսѰҲԵһЩڵ۾ǿߵķɺƣҲᶨ֮ġ
ΣΪ㲻ҳ֣
ʶͨؾУȻһλŮڤ
⣬һѯʣ
ѰǷһĨЦ⣬ʶɱһȺѣͼǰ
ڳնľ϶ҵʮȷܴĸı䣬ܲһ㡭ĺܲ
Ůк¶һ˿ͣƸп
˵ǿѰһ΢ĩӵн֮ɾ͵ģȷѰľϣԼΪʱܲд
ӥչʱ
ǿߣҲǿ֮ģ
·ϣֻ̱Ȩơշ
Ⱳӽɾޣ
ǰɷˣԺ޷Σգҿ϶ǻѰġ
ѰЦæ͡
ЦɲѰŮӳֵĻᡣ
ȻиһɺݾһģԺе;ϣԲŮӵʱ
ǲã


1358 ȥ
ѽɱȻѰҲ޹أǿƺͿƵ𡣡
ŮԴ⡣
նǿԣԺ󣬻гԽŽʥͣݴ֮ġ
˵գ
ѰһЦ֪ŮӶԴԼ̬ȣԽԽһˡ
֮
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ԴݴߴҲԴݴԶҲԴΪ֮ǿһ
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죬Ѱƽ
Ӿ֮򷵻֮ΣѵõҲʱһЩ˽ˡ
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֪Σѽ³ȥҪʦߣ̽Լš
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ѰϸĿͶԷ۾ӰʧвһȻʱֿҲ֪ʱˡ
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ɲɵڣŮ崿Сϴһ˿ᡣ
ѰЦɲɣһ˵׼һȥ㡣

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Ѱһţϸȥ鱦ʥغԹϣҷʱǱһȥѰǰ½·
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˽¡
ѰҲûϸҪȥʲô
𣬵ȷ˽£ϸǣ
ϸһһҪ
Ѱͷ
죬ϸҲ뿪ǰī鱦ʥء
뿪֮ǰѰͺԾѡϸõġ
ʣһˡ
Ѱããؼ䣬һʱ䣬Щ֮С
ˣҡ
ʶУСѡ
ѰһЦԣ㣬Ǿ͸һȥһΣ
Ҳӣ
СҲЦӢСⶼҫۡ
ߣ
Ѱٳɡ
ˣּѪİףɻţʱó׽һˡ

ŻܴĴĽָͳһ¶òһˡ
Ѱ߳ϿȣзɶʱѰٵһǳء
߽ǳأ˽⵽Լ֮ԭ֮صĳǳС
ĽֵϢȺֵߺȽܲʱӰС
УѰҲ㱣쳾ɣѾܾòˡ
˵ħ񣬵ִ󣬱չ¶ͬķâĬĬȴҺ͵ϵͳӵܾɱ
һУһ˵ĭɵؽš
ڸΧ£ʱᱬһ󾪺
Ѱɫ
û뵽ԼһЩ¼Ȼ˵˱˹£оַš
ҿܻӭ
ұĺħн飬ʱһ̽ѰԵ֮أϵõòˡ
죬ǾʹɣҲʲôԣҲħΪ飿
ǰûãѰ̸ִּݣǶ鴤
ͬʱɻ⾿ʲôôߵԼۡ
ܿ죬Ѱ룬һϢϱߵϢҶ⡣
Ӱǡ
Ѱ߽һʱˣϢϵϢ붼Լйأ
ʲô֮һˣ콾һˣʲôʱ񻰣һһĸͷ
ϡŹֵͷΣѰͷϡ
һϢᵽǰһɱʥѪս
Ѱ⣬㳹ˣԼǳĿ˰
ѰһνǰԸò
ʥˣΪʵǶϲܷĿġ
дĶʲô⣡
ûãѰɫһڣͼһϢϣһЩͼϬȡֲޱԾѵȵŮӵ顣
ǲ׽ӰƫƫϢдüз绨ѩµ鰮Ƶġ
µǣעϢˣԱʾ˿ǰȤͷӦ
ӿһۣп̾
ŮӿһʹȻ޵ģеֱӾѰԣƷвˡ
ѰˣЩȫУϹģ
ƫƫ޷͡
ֲ˶Էְֺޡ
Ѱĥ
յʱѰ˽һµ·飬ƮȻȥǰ񾩡
Ժ۸··Ͽʼ̫С
º
Ѱ񾩵ؽ硣
ʱ֮ڣһ̫УгʽΣ͸ӨС
֮ڣѰк;֮
˽ֱ̫ĽΨ̫ĽܺƿѨڵ̫
Ѱֻžտʼ̫ĽѾһܲĿˡ
Ժֻս壬һѨˡ
ֻǣÿһƽɴףֹɬҼ俼޵ߵԺͶԽ⡣
䷨һҲǧ
Ѱʱͨ콣ڡ
ƹ
ųﾻ֮ء
ô죬ɱף϶ҲŹǵģʥ˶Ķ֣ǡĿ֣
Ծ齹Ѱڴȥ
ӵ֪Ѱһ֮ɱλʥ˵ϢʳѰԲʱƣƢԽԽꡣ
飬ͨ콣ڣ˭Ҳκβǡ
һ࣬üЩԾı֣̫ʧ̬ˣһ˶ѣɱ˼ʥ˵ȷ⡣
ǣѵɱͨ콣ڣ


1359 
ʣ֪ѰɱȺʥϢʱҲ˶͵ѡ
Ϊ׵۹ӣΨԼּǸӤӵбԴϢй¶ȥġ
˵ּһѪ¼׻ףױȻѲϵ
ز¡
ͨ콣ڣѰɿеɱ
Ϣ˵Ų߽پΪ֮ɱȺʥ޷ǽˡ
ĸףǲһӶͨ콣ڲȥɣ
Ծ鷳ޱȡ
֪ѰԸ񣬿϶ǲŹǵģ
Щڲ̽׵ƽ֪׵ѰļǶ𣬿϶ˡǡ
أﾻǸߴӰ߽ƹɫü価ɫ
صĸףԾ⹫
⡭
һӱ
ԾҲһɫ䡣
׶ѰԴ飬ͨ콣ֻ֪һ¶Ȼŭǿ϶Ӳϵ
أԾ뿪ɡ
ﾻһ½磬ȥѰԪİ׶ӣܼȡ

ػһɫòǸˣִ׵۹Ǹ纣졣
ΪӣҲӲˣһգɲ⣬Ѫ飡
ǱҪһٲˡ
⹫Ҹֻȥػ꣬ˣͨ콣ڡ
ԾҲˡ
ӡУ׼ֱһޱȵĴڣУֻºʹ
ڻһӵУΨһ븸еģֻԾһˣ
ȥɡ
ﾻѾһΪǴͨ½Ľڵ㣬λȥ󣬾ͲҪٻˣ
ǰ½ͨѶѣﾻţѰҲƵĽڵ㣬Ⱳٷ½硣
ɫ粻ãһͷӦ
Ծʧǣ񱻳
֪¾Ƿ½磬ȴԼģҲעǰյһӵһˣ

ͨ콣ںɽʮɽ塣
ûãﾻӰһɽǰһͨͽɽ֮£һɽ
ɽͷһ޴۽أ۽ɢƥϢ
һڵ񽣣۽ڣԵޱء
ˣ鼫Ҫ¶ˡ
ﾻͳɫ侹һ˿ڵη塣
˵ˡ
أһƵӰһϸֶ
ϸȥһɫ䵭Įߣ뷢࣬һ̫貣תɲĻ⡣
꣬ҽ״ӴһƶСׯдţҲһֽˣΪһϧȴһС
̾ȴ
һҪӣҽһѪϣ͵Ⱦ֮Ļ󣬱䵣ǵļƻ
ӰƵģƯ֮ϡ
ڣһҲʮ֮꣬ͻῪҲζšǿľӪʮļƻʧˡ
˵зŨŨĲʺͺ⣬ףҴ£ֱ̫ã
ռƻΪŻ֮еĵһˣƾӰھ֮ʱӳؼãƻ˳ʩչȥһŻһľ
ǡ
˵⣬ɫѱޱƫƫɱˣ
䣡
һɿֲɱɢֲ̫ﾻһ׹ߡ
ɺް
̾ɫ
û֪ϸ˶Ѫʹۣڣ׵һжˡ
βޣ
ˣǰ½ʱΪûɱѰ
ﾻԥã̲סʵ
ߣ
ɫһɫ䣬µҲ㣬ӵܲ򵥡
ʱұּȫĨɱڣڳʱȴһӪȴĸ׵ӣ˲ѰӾߣҲµĽ½Щ
˵⣬һĨɫƼɵҲɻ󣬡Ҳû뵽½Уĵ۾
ʲô
ﾻ׻Ƶģ˶ǣ½Ǻεƶ񤣬Ż֮ذĴڡ
е۾
ߣˣΪƾҵɱһȺϰĶ
ߣϧʱҸҶֻܴ״Ҵȥ򣬿϶֪ĸ۾½У
ﾻɫò
֪ߵʵжֲΪݣŻЩϹŶǲߵκʥεĴڣ
ˣǽô죿
ﾻ̲סʵ
ƻʧܣŻУҲѷӲãֻС뿪ˡ
ͳƺܲʡ
ˣҪعǡأ
ﾻ׷ʡ
°ɣԺõʱԻϵ
ϡ
˵ţһӣһƿ׳ﾻ£Ľҩһٿţڰ֮ڣܷɡ
ﾻɫãˣ֮أ
֮󡭡ǺǣŻѱˣʱԻǰΪ㳹׽ҿ䡣
ߵһЦ
ûãﾻʧǰ뿪ɽĵ⣬ȴоޱȴۡ
ֻһ㡭úݣ
Թѵü嶯Ҫߵݽҿع⡣
գﾻסˡ
һ죬ͨ콣ڴجģЩһֱںɽбչصһλС롯棬߻ħ
һʱ䣬ͨ콣½Աһλʥȴˡ
ǰݡ䣬з䣬ͨ콣ڵĴʵ̫
ΨﾻЦѣڰǰˣЩֻǱռǰˡ
Ѿ뿪Ȼ͡߻ħˡ

ѰʱҲһʱ˵ͨ콣ڡ桱߻ħϢ
һʱ䣬Ҳһһʥ˾ʥ֮·գ
ܿ죬ѰͲЩ
񾩣ֻΪɱּҵϵ˵İף

Ѱڴ̽ҪĸϢĿ꣬һƵӡ
ʵ¥
㣬һſھۻᣬ׵ģһ£ɫưꡣ
ƣͨ콣ŴˣһĿܣӵ־Ϊ
ֻ־ΪȴٲȻΪĽǹ°㣬Χ
֣֪ࣿǿһλʥ˰ˣ
̲סʡ
ɫһȻ֮£ǶܺҴ̽ģ
˶ʱڨڨ
ڴʱȻһ°ɫ϶㣬Ƶ˾ֱ
Ŀһɨϯλϵϡ
ƣʵ
ʱü



1360 յ

ƿڣİ
һӣһǴӵܣָѰȳ۾Ϲˣûھۻ𣿡
Ҳá
ͻȻϾ¥ѰƳһۻӡ
߻һһ£类ɨһֲۣ
ͨ
˫ϥһ̱ϣ͡
ʱԾ
ڴʱĿĳ£
Ѱߡ
˵գתȥ
ʼգֻ˵仰һƣȷĿݡ
ڶǸߣƽ֣᲻κһ˿
оǣһɲֺȴֱȥ
ֱѰƵӰʧ˲һͷˮѵİ˺ʶ
ǿ
ΪǸѰǳ߽پľ壬һ־ΪǿʱɲǼ䣬Զȡǣǣ

⣬һɽӰУѰӰƾճ֣һӣƵӰ͹ڵء
˿̣Ʋѹɫ䣬λǰʦͨ콣ųﾻеĵطʦϣˡһ
Ϊͨ콣ڵŴˣĻῴǰλˣһλϹ
ﾻĹŴӣҵľ㡣
ѰڵҪһ£ϣ֮ǡ
˵꣬ƾæͷϣһϣ
ѰһһҲ̫ûˣͬͨ콣ڵһȣȫһһ¡
Ҫ˽һЩ飬òҪֿΪֿҲûã󲻵ʹࡣ
ѰҲһų֮˷ʱ䣬ֱӷԸСˡ
ಣ
СӰӳһĨâƵüʶС
㡭Ҫ
ƴ󾪣ɻȵֿɫʹǣϡ
ѰĬĬȴš
СᣬǶ̤㳤پľֶΣԽеһмȡ
ңܱ֤ʵļ䣬ݱƭ
ˣˡ
Ƭ̺СӰӳԵúɡ
ѰͷƻУ˴ҪɱﾻءŻԾ飬ȥӲͨ콣ڣֻı;
Ĵ̽ѡơ
ﾻĹŴӣﾻأٲȻ˿Լ̳²ĵһˡ
Ѱ뷨ֻƿƣüƣﾻͨ콣ճ
ʱֻƿﾻغԾֻͨ콣ڱӶĽɫҲעӲѡ
ˣҴӴ˼зһ˼顣СɫŹֵ
£Ѱʡ
Сһﾻ˽ӣֻһֱﾻţͨ콣˶֪
ѰɫҲʱֲųһһܵﾻغ࣬ԭԴ
ǵļƻҪһˡ
Ѱŵϵƣ˼

磬бһϢ
ͨ콣ŵƣǿһλŮһλ·ĸ˷֣һŭ֮½£˳֮ʾڣ
ȫǷڡ
񾩿ͨ콣ڵĵ̣ȴ˾ͨ콣ڴˣҳͷʾڣ⵨ӿ湻ģ
ң˶Ƶȷ˳ͷ֮ϣͷɢģ˻ԡ
˭ģ
ɻֱڴͨ콣ڵ
֮ﰡЩͨ콣½λʥ䣬ŶҲʾڣΪͨ콣Ѵǰˣ
̾
ߣ˵鸡䣬̰ɫɲǵһθǿŮӵˣֻһΡǺǣӦߵ壬ǵ˲ǵˣ
Ҳֻ
ҹϢʹͨ콣ڣ໩Ȼ
ƹ
ﾻ֪ϢʱһͷŭƮҡʱӾ˼ȥ֮£
̫һҲͨ콣ڷУ˭ģɱˣЧȣ
ʦǻǸϽжɣʦֱʾڣ⡭ֱܴ衣
ƹ½еӰ֣һߣҪɱȥơ
죬Ӷ𣡡
ﾻȣһ仰
ʦܣĹŵӰɣԼɣ컯֮£ȥȱ޳֮£ӣҪһ𸴣
أһޱȵƹϿ
ǣʦ֣
ﾻɫһ䣬æ
ʦܣŻ¶ƴ˵飬ϣԺҪٷˡ
һϵ˵գʧ
ﾻɫˮк޲һǸӣֻԼң
Ƕ°ɣȥһ
죬ﾻһɢһڴˡ
վԭĬĬ˼Ƭ̣գﾻһţӰڿն𣬳Զȥ
ҵҪ˭ô󹷵Ҷ
ҹɫƲУﾻɫ䣬ɱڡ
ʵ̫·ﾻҲһӻ񣬾۸ͷϣ޷̡
ţԣԵ޹ʵأƫƫڽշ飬ģǺĿܻɳȴ£ƫƫ˸סˣ
;ϣﾻ͵üоЩԾ
ο˭˲֪ͨ콣ڵĵ̣ǰ׳գ˭Ŀ֮£ͨ콣ڵŵӣӻòͷˣ
ﾻԽԽоԾ
ΪһλϹһıı֮ǰ֮ԱŭǱŭͷ
侲һ룬ʱͲΡ
ѵҪԸҵģ
ﾻ͵ֹƾҹɫīһưǹƲ㼷ɫӳĵ粻
ǰǧ֮أƱĳǳء
ɴʱﾻȴоһѱ˾ıһ͵Լһͷײȥ
ԥˣ
û֪ʵ⣬Ϊףɿܼȣ
һԼıأ
׾Ȼǲȣ
ﾻһʱҲоѶҪԸԼ˭ôݶй¶ȴֻвҳ֡
òᡭǶͽ
͵أﾻԺиֳһ֣Ѱ
һӣ
һǿҵԤУ϶ǴӣҲֻдӣŻж֣ԸԼ
֮ǰѲ²⵽Ѱ϶ڳԸءԾ顣
ǰһغԾߡ
ԭֻδѵһﾻȴû뵽Ѱ֮죡
Уȥ
ﾻһҧϣŤͷӡ
Ѱˣʥ˶ɱԼҲעǶ֡
Ϊ֮ƣֻ⺢ӣȫԼˣֻҪͨ콣ڲѰֶΣҲ޼ƿʩ
ֻǿϧơ
ﾻ絶Ƶģܵһ˵ıͷŭҲһ˵ҡ
ǣʶһɱ֮١
֮ﾻ˿̵ľܸӡ
ɾڴʱ͵һ٣ɫ䣬Ϊڷصǰ·ϣ֪ʱһεӰסˡ


1361 ĻԪ׵
ﾻûѰһǰ·ľӰʱȴһӾϳǱȻѰ
һʱ䣬ЩţԷǺʱԼģ
ʳӣȴӵˣĿ湻ݵġ
ԶѰȻڡ
䣡
һ仰ﾻ׻ͷƤը
ӵ飬ͨ콣ڶ֪Ѱ֪ģ
ϣͨ콣ڵĵ̣Ұ
͵أﾻȣܴװ㼤
ѰǷ𳰷ʱˣ㻹֪ͨͨ콣㣿
㡭
ﾻɫ䣬ҲδɢȥͱһεĽ
䣡
ڴʱѰˣһӡ
⻯һѤǺӵƥϯնȥ
ﾻųپΪҲܵͨ콣ڵųϡ
һʱȴ˵ľ
̫ˣ
Ŵ̶ĺͲʵﾻ˶ƥѤõûʧȥʶ
ಣ
һ̣Ѱѽ𣬳ҹɫԶȥ
ղŷһĻĻѰòϣﾻ֮̳ˡ
Ӧ֮죬֮ݣ˾̾
Ѱһʼûڳá
ڳжȥԸһλϹȻᱩ¶ݣ𲻱ҪĻȻ
ǳֿǣѰСڳУǰǣ·;ϡ
ҲҿˣŴסﾻ㡣

Уҹɫī
һͥԺУѱεĵƽƸǡ
ܱ֪ܲЩ£޹ģҲûвκȺּҵϣ㣬Źһɺã
ﾻɫ̱ڵϣ˷·һӲࡣ
ڻУһڱĵ棬ﾻһʹ
ּ꣬Щֺ޹ǿһΣ
Ѱɫ䵭к
ҡǶǱƵġ
ﾻɫе֣ɲǣ
ҵȻ֪Ԫס
Ѱڵ
ֻһ棬ѱ˿ƣֻ־ΪѣĿǱ½磬֪ظɳ飿
ﾻһҧ˵һΪԱҲ˲ˡ
ѰУǽ׸Ǹģ
ﾻţ㡭ȻѾ֪ˣӦ׸ģʱǲҲܲʣһλǵľȴһʼͱ˲ˡ
˵·ԼɫԼγҲˣ
˵һ˵ѰĬƬ̣ʵ
ﾻץסһ˿ϣ˵ˣܲĹһ
Ѱƽ㼴㲻˵ҲԴгȡֻǲǰ鷳ˡ
СѰͷɫ׼
ﾻɫòȻɬָŲԶƵܲΪһѪ
Ѱ֪Իῼ⡣
ﾻͷã
ţ˲ͨ콣ڵǿߣӦҲ˵ˣɡ桯ѶʵڰǰѱɱֻǱռ˶ѡ
ѰƤһɲ֪л顣
ɱģȻվױǸˡ
һ˿µĶħڹŻ򣬶֮һġ򡯣ӵ׼۾ΪڰǰʱһֲΪ֪ķʽ˹ŻսǰߣǱ˹ŻС
ﾻϣͳ˵
һƻھԿǰֲһһ
ףѡеӣЩһѪͶעϡ
ȴУеڳ״ļƻ
˵⣬ﾻɫӵؿѰһۣ֪ѰնɱףڰŻһľﻯһɱ٣Ҳ֪θ롣
ô˵֣֮ھʱԹŻӪ飿
ѰҲЩ𶯣һλ׼ۣһֱǱͨ콣ڣһһٷֲһľޣ
Լ֣пһԾΪе䣡
ﾻҧֹǲǶħļƻУҪھԿʱ׵ӰŻоһ򾡣նݳ׶˹Żľ۵;
ѰҲЩ
úݵļƻ
Ѥã֮ĻԺֻºٽˡ
˵³ΪЩǿߣǹŻнһǱĥԺĹŻ򣬵ȷ޾ۣ
ͬʱѰҲˣΪεɱ½ʱܹ׾ٵּѪ
һλ׼ͬ㹻ˣ
أòڻͨ콣ڰɣѰʡ

ﾻҡͷƻʧܣڽѾ뿪򣬷ϢҲᴫ
ѰԵͷ
ˣһ¡
ﾻȻʲôǶħ˵򵥣ûܽɱǱһԭĸ׵ӣץסֻˡ
Ѱһ˵һˡ
һ׼۳֣ȻԼȥʱȻ˽Ӫȡ
ﾻĻѰһľǽԼ¹¹£
ҸĸأѰЩԾ
֪
ﾻҡͷ⣬ӦѾˣϾǻţ϶ıԴߡ
ѰǰѹԼʱʶӤӽǣ귢ּϴķϵѪ顣
ϧֻǱɽһǣֻĸڻнشУҲɫĮףڻɱǰС
ˣûбġ
ﾻ˵ֻǵãǶħ˵½֮ĵ۾򣬷ֶΣּҲ¡
ĵ۾
ۣѰһ½Уе۾
¹
ԣ
¹ǵߣһ׼ߣ
ǻ˭
Ѱиֳһţŷ֣귢ּѪ󣬻̫˽飡
֪ģѾ㣬ҲǱƵģҵʦ𣬿ȴǶħУܲޣ
ﾻɫòɬҲû취Ƕħһص佫ҿƣͻʹɲҡ
׺ܿɱҺҲûʲô𣬶ǱǶħƿصӶѡ
˿̵ﾻһ棬̱ڵأĻеϹķɡ
ֻǣѰɫĮΪ
һ⣬˽ʲô֣Ѱʡ
ﾻü˼⣺Լǵã˵һСǺĵطΪˣ
˵⣬ﾻ͵ʲôˣһʱ˵طʱƾ˴󹦣ҰԵıλ
ۣ
˵⣬ﾻ͵صɴ飬۵һȳһѪزϢһ˲˥
ǻȻֳһֹɫ
Ѱһ



1362 
ಣ
ѰӰƾնӴʶɢɲǼ㸲ȫÿһ䡣
ƱյĺȾӵĽ̸ѹ
ټһǣ쳾£̬ĵס
գѰһ޷֡
طͥԺڣϸֲ꣬µĵƽҲδκһ˿Ϯ
գѰűڵϵͨ콣ųﾻһжϣԷĳķɶ
ˣΪ˵Ǹ֣˱ڵĽӶɣ񡣡
СӰﾻһжϡ
᪣
ѰȻ֡
һ׼ۣһСǺĵطֲףҲּѪ
ﾻףվֻӰĽɫˡ
ѰĬƬ̣ۻӶﾻٿȻ仯˻ҽɢ
Сʣˣ˸δ
һ·
ѰڵﾻĶӣԺ϶ô
Сͷ̽һץеƣƿնȥ
ѰͥԺУһƺ«ĬĬơ
ڽѾ֪˵һѪ࣬Ҳ֪Ļ˭
סﾻоЩƣֻӣ
ѰЩʡ
᪡᪡һҵģ
ãѰһһĨȻ
һ׼ۣԹŻ֮⣬֪ԶΣ
ֻҪԼһǿһ죬¾̤ҲҪף
Ѱ뿪˰񾩡
ԭȥءŻԾ飬෽̽ȴֶԷƾһʧӰ١
Ѱ²⣬Էֻ׼֪ԼɱʥϢѾֻ̲
ѰҲ޿κΡ
סﾻֻʣغԾСɫƲʲôˡ
ԺֻҪǸðͷǵڣ

ºѰϸԾѻϣ뿪鱦ʥڵīݣǰ硣
λڱ缫֮ء
һƬɽشϹʱԭʼòǺɽ֡ԭ
޴߲ʵգ죬ԭϣʮȺڣХ춯ء
ʱܿɽߴѩԳһԾ֮䣬񷣬̽һץקһͷݣ˺ʳ
ҲĴָСĻƽϳȺû֮أʯɳɷĩһصĻҳ
ѰǵִʱѾʮ
ֱ֮أԭʼϣؼȴϡ֮ء
Ծڵ
ǰ֮ǰ˽Ϣ
ܾ֯ڴˣǵȷѱ֣طֻ̫ˡ
ϸ
Ѱóɲң򿪣ʱ˵һĻˣһƵ˿ӳӨ͸нճһ۶ɵӰ
˲ɲɵģ
ϸ棺ɲСɣӦǡ֯ϼ֯ɵĿܣŸֲͬãһСӦרָ·ġ
˵ţͼϼ۵Ŀವط𣬳Զȥ
Ѱæϡ
ɳһʱ䣬һɽɽӣڴһƬѰǰʱһ
һӽһؾƵģǰһƬεɽͣµš
ÿһɽۣԾһһ˶ϼгɫɫࡢεȵɫ֮
ǣһϼһƯɽ֮䣬һ֮Ƶġ

Ծһǵһμĵط
ѰϸҲ档
˭
͵أһ
ͼһɫԶٿȻ䣬һòӡ
ҵǲɲɹѣһ
Ѱ֣ɫƽ͡
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ü
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˵ţתԶɶݶȥ
һ·ϣѰǶ;һ֯˴̽Դشǣ·ܾûƵġ
գ꽫ѰǴһɾƵɽϡ
ɽۣ֮Ưһɫ͵ľ޴󹬵Ӳӷ⣬ׯʥࡣ
صأڴԵȣȥһ
˵ţʹҴҽ빬
Թԣ⹬òɡԪӢƶɰɣ
ϸŹ鶼ɴ
ԪӢһּ亱ģǴӡԪϼгȡһƾ⣬ʥʱһЩʥƷһ
ڣǰȴһԪӢƶɵľ޴󹬵ҲϸԾ
ѰԾѵ֪ЩʱҲȣɴ˱Կ֯ĵ̾ԷͬѰˡ
ߣǻ߰ɣɲڱչأ޷͡
أһö𣬰һ޳Ӱ˹ǰ
Ůͷ׷Ʈֳһȣģȴ֮һϮɫȹѣһһϡ
һ࣬λ峤ǻذɡ
ѰһյҪ֮⣿
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ħʥ˶ɱ֯ͷϣ
ŮӵȻ
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Ůü̾ҲգҾ͸࣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ֻǣ˵⣬͵Զƿ
ͼһӷɶݶ˻ûһŵ峤²ˣǽȸʹˣ
Ůһü䷺һĨŭȸδ̫Ҳ˵ҿһʱ𣿡
Ҳһ߿ҿǸ׵ģƻģ
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峤ѵҪӦǣɲɿŮǽȸʲôҲȢɲΪޣ
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ңȥЪϢһ¡
ŮӷԸ
֮ǰѰǰվٴδѰ뿪

Ұ֮ȻڴǰŮӲһ̾𲻶
ܲף˵ףʵȸ־ڴˣҪΪ̲֯壡
ҰģҲˡ


1363 ܾ
һεɫϼɵĵС
ʵλʵɣһ鷳ǣ֮峤Ըλʶ̬䵭һЩλ¡
ҵǸȻ͡
֯壬һֱƣһӲɲϾֳ
ѰǲƽЩЦźһ
Ǿʲô鷳
ϸ̲סʵ
̾˿ղλҲˣȸףӭȢɲΪޡ
ȸ壬ܾͬеһ壬̺֯޼
ԭ֮侮ˮˮһʱ䣬ȸȴͻȻһĴǰ̬ȣڣ֯ĵ̶п֮١
һ߿ҧгݵױһ£ȸг⣬ҲɲҲͬĻ֮޲ɡ
ɾ̽ϢȸףʵԴΪڣռ壡
ѰŻȻ
ΪҪô
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˵ȿԣɶ񣡾֮ڽϣȸûǷУ
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˶٣ֻǽȸ壬֯Ȼ壬ǰʱ򣬽ȸȴΪһ׮Եõ˱ޱɽҹϵ֧֣һͽȸԿͲòǵޱɽҹϵķա
ϸԾѵɫʱ̲סĿⶼѰޱɽҹϣ
ǲǽħҹڵ壿
Ѱǰܷϸ˵һ˵ҿ԰һЩæ
ˣǰЩɱ˶ʥˣȷ˲ã˭֪ǽҪ֪ޱɽҹϿʥңϹʱӴ񣬴żдʥεľ򣡡
һλ̾ѰԴǺܲΪȻ

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ȻǸѰİܸıʲô
ϸЩ죬ڵĹŻУ˭С磿Щɱõȴ˿ᣬʵջ
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ѰԾѺϸü˰æζ˾ֻܾνܡ
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ܰ쵽ͺá
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˲ΪȻ
ˣٿǿǡ
Ůһ뿪

ֹӣ㾹
һѩ׵ݣƯεɽһ࣬УѰӰ֣ɲɶʱϲг
ŮһϮѩȹ˿˿㡢ס
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ܲϲãæ꣬һ࣬Ѱ죬û졣
ѰҲȾЦ̡
ɲɣ˵ȸȢΪޣʲôô
ϸ˻һʱһ䣬ɲϵϲ֮ɫҲǽʧȻ



1364 
ԭǶѾ֪ˡ
ɲ䣬Ůĵ״ֽ㼫ѹĵҲܱʶơ
ɲɣ㲻ģء
ϸæаԼ죬ĺĺ
ɲһӨ׵С¶һᶨ֮ɫܰ廯ѣǽҼ޳ȥֺη
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ǼǵãŮڷɽʱһ㽵˵ϣߢϼ֮ΪԼ֯һϮ¡
Ҳϣߢһϼ¶ƳúȵϲƣЩμƷ
ĵԸ
ڣ˵Ȼ⡭ֱն;ûʲô
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ԾοɲŮ˭Ҳ⣬һֲȾ׵ãа
˵⣬ԾƳһѰ
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ɲɵǵɡ˵ǽȸܿ¡
ϸЦʲôȸһȺɫСѣѵŲǣ
ɲæҡͷֻĸжĽһʱ֪˵ʲôˡ

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Ѱһü
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ɫǰѰǵִʱѻӰ֯ˡ
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ȫʱһ
һĿ⣬Զ볯Ѱ߿¶֮ɫƲš


ʲô
أͥЩɫ
磬ҿ̲סˡ
ϸޱ飬޷ŭ
޿һʲô
Ѱʡ
̣
ϸʱЦˣаȵ¶һĨЦ
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ৣ
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ۣ
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ϸֹһ
ѪȵһĻ̼ȫ˵ѡ
̫׺ˣ
һԲϾͳ֣ɱ絧ȥϳɡ


1365 һĴת
ͥҹɺɫһӱޱȣǵ棬ЩӾɱˡ
ڴǵ
һ֪̾ˡ
֯ϣȴѪ飬²ģҲѲϵ
ˡ
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ҹɺɫ͸ź⡣
ѣһԡ
нƣͣȴҹɺȻܾؽˣ˶ɱˣҪʲôͣ
˵գȥ
ߣǸҵƣ
ͥĿԹݺɨ۵һۣҲæϡ
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ͬʱҹɺɫ΢䣬
ҲȻѣϸͷųѹһϢѹȸС
ֹҹɺ⣬ڳҲڣ˭뵽꣬ӵ˿ֲƣ
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лӿˡĻСһ
ҹɺһͥҴ뿪
Ŀ뿪һƬѻȸ
۵˶ɫ㱣ղһĻĻƵģԵǰ㲻ʵ
ôˣ
һ߽ƵĿڡ
֮ǰΪƻ飬֯嶼ѰԲΪһ
ڣΪѰֱӾĨƽһ
ʵ̫
Ȼˣм𣿡
ϸЦġ
û뵽
۳˿ɫӡ
Ҳ顣
֮ǰѰ˵ҪǣȴԷ磬⣬ԴѰ̬ʱҲЩܡ
ڣʵ֤ǶˣĻף
Ļ£ѰǷһֶĨһ׮С£ͽˣ
һ뵽֮ǰԴѰ̬ȣɫڨڨǲǸм
лӴ
۹л
лӣ
ʱһ߲֯Ҳһл
һΣѰĳ֣ɵǻһܲ飿
ڶԴѰ̬ϣҲױһģ
ԶԾ¶һĨЦ⣬㿴鲻ǽֻҪѰԸȥ죬ûǰ鷳ġ
ɲɺݺݵͷһģֹӺģھ֮ʱ֪
崿Сϣϲáм֮ɫ
Ծѿ۵ףвЩģСѾͷǧǼһԻˡ
һڣЩ̣ԼʲôأɲѾͷֻʲô鰮ء



1366 εĽ
뿪֯ҹɺԽоԽңǿɱ˲գ۵ħ񣬾ԭԼ
ҹɺⶼһּһĸо
ںޣȻޣֻǺ޵Ѱ
ͥҲǱƻĿΪʲôΪǣȴϷǧŴޣ£Բܾˣ
ҹɺᣬ˵գƮȻȥٿͥһۡ
ϣҸһúúһȸ壬Ҳ֯һ飬ħ֪£Ҳġ
ͥɵۣʧǡ
գǰ֯ƻģΪҹɺΪ̣һĿıֿɵá
룬ȴ䵽ز
죬ͥҲ˵ʱȸ𶯡
ʲôħ񣡣
ܰɣ֯嶼ûˣܻħȵϹϵ
ˣħ˵׵ҹҡ
־ȸ³Ʋҵ
Ψ峤һԲ
Ҵ뿪֮ڣһڵȴ
ǰ²ˣжʧˡ
Ŀɬʧ䡣
һ뷢࣬հߣϥǣԣüҵļƻ֯õ£ԲѴַ֮⣿
ƽȴһƲסŭ⡣
һæ֮ǰһһ˵
ѰǴӡɱףҴƣ񣬾һٵطж
Уӿź˵Ļ⣬һɱҪƲס
ﾻţһϳߺȻ׼۰᪣һǺĿֲڡ
ɺޣŻ֮£Ҳ֣ܳ¶עЩݽɫע⡣
һ̾˲ʺͺ⡣
һΣľѪĴƣΪ׵ٵö㱩ߡ
УǽѰ޵ˡ
ڣݷȸ壬üƶ֯£뿪Ż
룬ֱѰƻˣ
һӣ԰᪵ǸЩ޷ˣΣһϰСƻƻֱ޷̡
ǰΪ£׿ħҹ壬ܲܳ棬ǻһ
ʵ
ǰߣһǰʱͻȻֵģ˵ֻҪһ£ǽȸһı˵Ļᡣ
룬ƻʧˣһĴҲһΣ֮С
ˣҳ֣Ҳʲô
һ̣᪱ޱȣһָ߸ϵӡ
ɫ䣬߷ѵ
Լģҿûϵһ䵽زȫǾȡ
˵գƮȻȥ
ǰܾô˰
󼱣Ҫ׷ʱﻹа᪵Ӱӣ
һӣ𳹵ױҲͥһֳ֣
ˡ

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ӰƮؼ䣬ûãԶԶؾͿ֯ڵĵ̡
δ£ȥҲֻɱ㣬֯壬û°ɡ
Уһȼյŭ
һλ׼ۣʥУȴѰһپܣ޷̡
ֻҪڱЩݽɫǰһУӦ㹻ҽ뿪ˡ
ĬĬãâһϡ
䣡
һɿֲʶӰӳճܾ֯ӵĵϡ
ɲǼ䣬ѰӰ
ѰһУһ֯ǿʢպ֣ÿɫ䶼ž֮⡣
һĻڰУȼĵŭͺ⡣

ԭأżԶľ룬ʶȴ׼۵ܣһĨУϢնѰʶ
ȷѰκηӦ
߽پ׼֮䣬ɲֹʮǧôԶ
ֻǣ᪵ʶѰʶ͵أһƥĿֲϢӳһɨ
飡
᪵ʶ׻Ƶģը
¡
ͬʱһƥĿֲϢŰ᪵ʶ򣬱Ӷ
ô£
ɫ䣬͵ջʶȫֵ
飡
һƥϢ䱻סȴ͵һΣһʹƺߡ
һ׼ۣȴ㱰ӵ͵ϮһСӶˣ
һڤ쳹
䣡
һɿֲϢٶ
ߣ
ʶ͵سƾնȥ
ɲǼ䣬֮⣬һֲϢû׷вɿ
ɫֱ粻ô£ϰĶϣһˣ
ɺޣ
գһǻŭ޴йֻܺݺݵһ
Ȼ֣ԼѰйص飬ͱü֮ùڤڤУͿԼһ
ζֱ̫ˣ
͵أ֮ϣһ羪װ𵴣һ̱Ƶġ
᪶ʱһ֪ղŵĳ֣й¶ϢѾŻ
ߣ
޳ɣٹ˲Զȥ
λѣΪδҴ뿪
ʲôѣһҹŻ򣬿׷
ģʲôʱ򣬹ŻǱһ㣿ѵǰսͽɣ
ٷϻ׷
ͬʱϣһ޲ϡ֮ϵڽ̸
һжʧ
ͷ·𣬸ղŵһжûзһ
֯壬ɫУѰƱյǰƵһ֯ǿ̸߽š
֮ǰôһɲǣѰҲܵһļµĸоϸȥӦʱȴӰ١
ֱȷ쳣ŷ
ΨʶͨؾУŮΪԼʱ֣Ѱֻˡ
һ׼ۡ˼ͿܷӳŻЩݽɫ׷ɱˡ
Ůһ˼⣬±۾
ǰ˵Ҫæֻóɡ
ھϯѰóһӡŷܵƵͭӣݸ˲Զۡ
ʱеĿⶼ˹ȥ
ѵǡ
һЩѼƲ³ʲô
Ҳһʧû뵽ﾹطеʱ
лˡ
죬۲һ˫ֽӹδ򿪣СĽ
峤ǡ
˷ʡ
۵ͷһӣ֯ﶼ׼١
·ͭڵƷŷͬѰ塣
ʱóټֵ鷳Ҳ岻ݴġ
ɫӣĿ⿴Ѱ
û뵽ᱻѰԼԴѰ̬ȣоһ
ҺͲɲѣǱҪЩн
ѰЦ˵
һ仰˽ԶݣипѣѰĿҲֲһˣдһ˵ľ⡣



1367 ̤Ϲ;
۵ϣɫׯ࣬ʵλѾֹһѣΣ
Եͷԥ
ʱ̬ȣѾȫˡ
ΪѰֹ֯廯һΣΪǴʧͭӣ
۳ڱԵɣǶܾܾˡ
۴ǷһĨЦݣˣҽձȥʾһ´˾Գһ԰ֹѰһͨ½İȫ֮·
Ѱֵлλǰȫ
ΪԺκƽƽΪɲɵѣѰɲʱǻơ
ֹӲؿܹﵽ㣬Ҳ֯ҡ
Ц
ʱ±Ǣ
ϣ۱Ϣ֯˾ѴӦæ
̽Ѱչܻ꣬Ҫ֮غ͸׼ʱ䣬֯˾֡
ѰԴ˲顣


һɫ񷣬֯ڵ̡
һϮۣͷڣ̬ŵҹ巴ӱ
֯ˡ
Աߣҹɺ⹧
ҹ˫ָһߴܣһڵò£ѰȻѡԭ㣬Ҳٸƽϣ
ҹɺ͵һ
ȸ飬ò֪ôɣ
ҹ巵
ҹɺͷף
ձ㣬ҹ巻ҹɺһòޱɽҹңҹΨһ̳ߣȻһ
ǣҹ巻һλӵг߽پľһҹʥ˶俴أҹԺĶ
£ҹɺҲֻóԾӣ
ߣȥһѰ
˵ţҹٲҹɺһۣ󲽳֯ȥ

ҹҵˣ
ֹӿ͡
С㡣
֯壬ӭҹһλ˵ĺ䶯˶˷ܵš
ޱɽҹңǱһһȻҹΪҹһμ̳ߣǵȻͬСɡ
˶ҹ巴ɲΪ֯Ӵ󣬶ΪѰ
ͬʱҹһõѰһȻ˱磬Ϊβ˵һ
Ѱ㻹ʦģ
ҹ巺ȻĸҸħƽϣ棬ţҲҹͷһ仰ʮֻ֮꣬¾ͻƿĻҪμӡ
ѰһȻμӣֻȴЩ֣黹ҹǰţ
ҹ巽͵׼۰񾩶ˣμӣһ㣬ɲܵЦԴ
ѰҲ˵񾩣֪˵һЩ¼
ȻὫԷĻЦ˵ɵη壬ȴû١
̸ࡣ
ҹ巴ټһѰĿġ
֪ѰҪ½ʱҲĦȭƣԾԾԣҪһȥ
ȴѰȻܾҹЩϹ֪ҰҹҵıˣǸҼ۲ɡ
ҹһ̾ʲôƨҹҿɲϡƫƫأվҹҲʲô鶼ԼӺ
Ⱦơ
ѰƱ
ʤ˼һ
ҹ
һ磬ҹ己ҹɺȥ
ǰ˵ϣھ֮УܹѰٶꡣ


ѰԾѡϸһ۵Ĵ£߽֯صء
һϵļ̳Ϣɳࡢ𡢺ڡɫϼɣɫͷףʥׯࡣ
̳֮ϣһֹкڶͨһ硣
׼һΪѰһֻμЩռڵλãɽн֮ĴŲơ
һ̬ӣ뷢ϡɳƿڡ
֯˾Ҳ·ߡݼ⣬ƿ̽Ѱռ
˵ţ˾̳ǰС
ˡ
ʱһصǿͼڴиֶǳתУǻ꣬ԺظС
ֹӣ뽫´ϡ
Ȼóһ˿֯ɵս£ʥ⣬УһǺӣ貹
£
ϸһһޱȵʥӵдޣӿռ谭á
ȹ屦Ȼʥ˼Ҳۺ촹ѡ
ѰҲ⣬æƴǣ֯洫֮ɸҽܣ
ϰɣ޴˱ƾΪндŲʱ˲ͻᱻµĿռ촷Ĩɱ
ϣݾܾ˱ݸѰҲؾǷʲôһæˡ
лǰ
ѰҲ֪޷ܾطŻʱὫ˱
ЦЦûж˵ʲô
ˡ
Զ̳ǰ˾ɳƳ
ѰǻȻ̧ͷͼɫ̳֮ϣһԭֹкڶһ̻ת
¡¡
ԼɼĿռ䷨ٲ㣬ڷʣɢļµĹ
Ǳǿռ籩ǿʥˣСϣֻҪУ˲ͻᱻ˺ĥ
ϸɫ両һĨɵ֮ɫ
ռֲߵ֮һȻʥˣҲֻտռŲ֮ˡ
Сѣһͼ̣ͨ½ĿռڵλãסҪСģܳκһ˿
˾һ޹Ǵĥɵ̣ݸѰ
ɫඣ֮壬ǧڿռ䴩УԲһ˿ܾͻʧ޾У޷
ѰȻС¡
ţ˾޾ϸΪѰһͼ̣ŲƵķš
ѰμסҴκϸڡ
ѰȽϸԾ£ֳͼ̣ڴ˾Ŀ£˼̳
λǰǣ
Ѱת֣Ȼ̤һкڶУ뿪һ˲Ĭһ䣬Żһġ
䣡
кڶƵģ޾ռ˸ѰӰûʧ
ۣ
Ѱ뿪˾һΣȳһѪһӲ꣬Ե˥ޱȡ
˾û°ɣ
Щǡ
Ϊе·ߣÿ̽ѰռȻܵɣԪ͵Уһ㣬ģ⡣
˾ɳƣܰһæԺ֯ѣӿ϶Թۣ⡭Ҳһ׮Եˣ㸶ʲô
һ̾
ͬʱɲӰɽۣӨ׵Сߴ૵һҪذֹӡ
һ죬Ѱ뿪Ż򣬺գ̤ط½·;
Ҳһ죬ŻдϢʮ֮ڣ֮Ļʱµľս
һʱ䣬·Ʊã֪ٲ
һжѾѰ޹ء
ģѷɻ½磬ɻ׵۹ɻϴķ塭
ʱ꣬ʱˣɷ



 貴 ˭


1368 ս
޿ռзɺ˸жǳӲת״ĺɫڡ
һ·ᴩУͷ׶ƮУ³ࡣ
ಣ
Ѱеͼڣӳһɫ磬죬ܿԶĵطһĿռڵ֡
ѰרעɶС
ϣһǻתӲӵģãںʱˮеƵģڣδ谭
µ
޴˱ްĿռдʱ˲ͱǿֲĿռ촷Ĩɱ
ֻʣ߸ռڵ֮ŲƣִܹĿĵˡ
ѰĬĬ㡣
һ㶼Ҵ⡣
֯˾˵٣عȫˣ޿ռннĴŲƣҪССġ
ӵе۾֮򣬼ʥڿռŲгֲҲʧҲͷ·
һ
Ѱһ񣬽ʣһռ꣬Է½硣
ɾڴʱѰؿڼԶУһͷޱȵĹޣЮǧǳգ
޽ֻһ۾գɺˣɢĿֲâ
Ӵƥȣǳ۵ĵƵġ
Ѱһ
뿪½磬ǰŻʱҲһ棬ʱԷֱӺֱײ
ںյѰµĳ
ҲγԭҪִŻʤѰȴŲƵڡ
ڣٶȳˡ
ѰҷģԲϴ
޵ӿһɫطţɬ䣬ƿû˵ꡣ
͵Ѱʱһģһ
ʲôĿռУ
ѰһУɫһӱޱȡ
ԽԽˡ
ܸܵһͷɢϢʥ˶Ҫֲ
ѰҳɣȫԸһռڵȥ
ֻǣϵǣͷһβδַϳѰһɺɫתؿѰжĿдһ˿˵ζ
⣬ҲƾϲҲƲš
Ѱûע⵽Щ嵽һռڵ㣬ûκԥһԾȥ
ৣ
Ӱʧ
һͷ޿һĻɲǣһƯеľ޴½ء
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һǹ޵ɺһ˿Ƶζ
ֻҪšǳ绹ġ
૵Уǹת壬¡¡ѹնȥʧããС

½磬׵۹֮أҪ
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ɱ
ɱ
֧ӣأսϷɱ֧ڶײ춼ǵ⽣Ӱɱڡ
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䣡
սϣܾ޴սڻȫǧɳ֮࣬ޣ򣬻˵һδνɱˡ
ˣһˮһԼĪһǧˣսˣηִױ
Ȼ٣ˮȴռƣǰ壬ѹǣ۹ȵˡ
䣡
͵أˮУһˮƵӰһ˰׹Ǵ󴸺ݺ£һҵ۹սشһм䲿λҳһӡ
սʧ⣬׹¡
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ϣһڵ۹ʿڰ;ͱһȺˮǿ糱ˮΧ
ʱ䣬Ѫʬٰ
ˣѾҪŲסˣҾֻʣʮҿõս
սǰߣ۹ӪУ̽ڷɿ̺ͽơ
һѪսѾƴɱһ࣬۹Ѿ˽ʮλսʿ
ˮǱߣҲأȴԴԴϵԮɱη˷
ѱƽ۹ߣ
ȥɣ֪ˡ
ӪУһϵһ۹ʽװͦ뷢ߡ
ݿݣӥ֮䣬⼤䡣
ۣ۹Ӫƿߣһλսǿߡ
ȫ濪սҪûٰ
üͷҲء
Щؾһֱڷţֹǵ۹ڣ֮أҲྪ䡣
ǰ⼫֮һƬߵѩԭޱȡ
ȻΡɽڵ۹ˮһĵ֮䣬һǵסˮһַĿܡ
һƬԭؾ䣬ѳױģѩڻɽݣһŨˮݷĴԭ
ǵûˣȻı赲ˮһϸʱչ۹֮صȫ
ݳ֪ڵ۹УϱҲڱŹģǰս
ĴٲȻʰΧ֮ƣʼʳ۹ƺֹܲۡ
óǣĵ۹ڲҲǶһɷƮҡļơ
һнΪؾ䣡
ЩУ۹֮ڳ˴ɽأؼǰδеŨ
ԭһϲ¡
ԽŨоԽǰ۹һ޵붼顣
ͬģؾ䣬ڵ۹Уݡޡ֡ȡ
ЩȺӳûռɽռأϮ۹ǳأɱᣬ޶
񣬼۹ֱҲ޷סеľ档
ںЩɱУ۹ľһЩǳҲЩռ
ңʱƣؾĲݣõ۹еҲԽԽ࣬Ƽ䲻ֹۡ
⻼
̾˿

ǵʮǰ˵Ļ治١
ˣҾս٣
̽ڽƵһھӪ쳹
һâһʶٵˡ
䣡
һ̣Ӱڿնϡ
ңԶսͼ۹ߣڲɢڽֵɱ޼¡
ˮǱߣȫǺηļƣҪռơ
ҵ۹ʿΣҲ̤ҵ۹벽
뷢羪װؼ䣬ɢѪޱȵսС
䣡
Ӱ壬սֻ̧ӳһȭ֮磬Ӳڵ˴ѹһѪ·
ƥ̬ԡѪսĵ۹ʿԾһѪš
ߣͷڹڳˣһΣɣ
͵أˮǱߣӳӰƷΣΧ롣
ӰɢֲϢȻεĴڡ
ɲǼ䣬۹ʿɫ䡣û뵽ˮУλ
֮ǰ鱨Уɴδ
ǳۣҲȻһУгأʶΪ˻ɱԼıѾá



1369 
һ֧Ͷ
һԣڴģսϣֻѹ󣬼ٻ֣ԴǣƺвԷе
һǿ߳ζսѾصʱ̡
ԭۻһΪ۹ɱһѪ·ǰΣվơ
ڣʶˮһ׼һֱţ͵ԼԼɱ
Цƾ
һҴЦѪҺȼգ飬Ȼ塣
۹ʿһ
Ƕ֪Ҫƴˣ
ˮǱߣȴһɼ֮ɫλһԺɨǰһе۹У
ʱǱԳֱ룬ɱ۹֮أʴǷĵ۹ǳء
ؾ䣬Ψ۹֮ڣɽأ֮أݽ߻֮أ涼üѡ
һϹһ׹õڣأ䲻û취ֻܿս
ϻɱ϶
Աߣһɫʹ쵭ɫɭȻ
Ҳôġ
һ΢΢һЦһϮۣͷεģԵúᣬ档
ߣҵҪս˭
ߣɫȻ
ְɣ
´
˭ֻҪ˳ۣһһµĴģͻؽĻ
ʱǵ۹ʿˮͣɱĿ⿴˸߿С
䣡
ɾսһĽҪʱ̣֮ϣزֳһ޴
Ŀע£һεӰƮȻ߳
һϮ°ɫڷƮԨʳףȻѰ
ǵ۹Ԯ
λͫһЩü
ǳۣ˿ҲЩкɣѵǵ۹֧Ԯ
ֻǣģᰡ
ͬʱѰҲһմ޿ռĴг֣һѪսϣҲЩ⧲
۹ս׻ģѰϵõģһЩ
ʱ꣬ڻˣ
Ѱע⵽ԼȫעĽ㣬ٶ룬ʼܡ
գѰĿλϡ
꣬Ѱ߱ѪӪнĥҲ߱ѪսӪɱĿܻϲˮǿߵݣ
һѪսѾ˼ؼʱ̣۹Դƣֻһǿڳܴ
Լʱ֣һս۹עҪܡ
սϣЩͼžʵΪѰĳʽ̫ˣǴ߳Ŀ
ּžܿͱƣǲſɫ俪ڣۣǵ۹ԮôһˣһˣĪǵ۹˿ˣ
һ仰ٺЦ
ʽͦرġ
ʵɫһ䡣
СЩҿ͸˵ǳ
һ࣬һϮ۵üЩɲλ
ͬʱҲڣСѣ˭ǲģ
Ѱ𣬷ʵһ䣬׵۹
仰ԵúĪ˴㵣ⲻǷϻôһ·ӣ̫ˡ
ҴҲ鴤һ£ӣһָԶһۻ޳ǣԴ˳Ϊ磬֮أΪҵ۹
ЦӽԺǺ֮أעˮһƿأ
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1370 һ·
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1371 ֮
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Ѱԥɱǻ꣬ԳԭΣһͷҺ
ҪҪȥһ
ѰĿ⿴Ծѡ


1372 ѹ
ϣԾҡͷȥˣɱһҲı䲻˵۹ٵľ棬˶ݾߡ
һᶨȷϽǣһᾡ˽ڵ۹ϢѣһֱصͥɨѨ֮ƣЩȫɨ
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ѰԾѽ԰һƶԵ۹Ի̫
;˸ܵǷֵİУӿŽŶɱİ
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1373 Ҫ
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1374 
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Ѱ
һ˲һɿֲޱߵƴѰɢǵص󣬽û
ÿһҴ񱻶סʺɫɷף׹ߡ


1377 㿪ʼ
ͨͨ
һܼƵ쳹ڳҸ߲Ϊߵа벽ΣΪҲ־ʿ
һ̣򵹣
ǳƵϥڵ
¡
ͬһʱ̣̻Ի͵ĴУ빡֮ȫȻ飬ĩ
ЩŮһĽɫѱõ׻ʣѪ
⣬Ѱɢƣһλ߽پʬɽѪɱƣ
һ˲Ѱһ˶縩
һ˲󲽹ȵ˽ɫ壬ͨⱻ־û
ڳףΪѰһ˵ɽˣ
ֻǡ
š
ֻ꣬һ־ʿѣôʮʱ䣬ͻ˿ֲ
ʵﵽ˺εȵز

߸ߣ
ǿɪɪɥ
֮ǰ̻ԻͣЦֻ̣ڣΪִߣڱ˴˽̸νּҳױ־
ڡ
ΪѰһ˵ĳ֣һжˣ
ƾң𣿡
ѰĿγ
һ仰ѹ֣˶Ϣ֮С
ֻƣѹȵǹز𣬺֣֮˭֮Կ
ôĵӣϷҪ۹֮У˭£
͵أһ
һȺӰӽ߰˸֮࣬뷢԰׵ߣҲ̬ӵҲпӡ
һɢǿߵƣ
Ϊ׵һӣǿ
ڷī˰أһΰ֮ɽؼ䣬âܡ
š롱֮ƵһλϹᯣںܶǰ̤ϳ;
ͬҲҵĶ򣬲һֱϵŷУ޿ɺ
ˣҲһѰɫѰչУص飬
˿̣ǽ᯶
Ȼ´ĶѾע⵽
棡
ϣǱ߳ҵǣ˶ϲ
Ǻôĵӣ
᯸һִǽһĻɫһɱĿ뿴ڴѰ
棬ǡ
æѰһһ֮
˽Ѱݣǲһ⣬ѰĿֱòһˣš
һʮǰֻ쾳Ϊ꣬ȴѾΪ̤ľ뢣
Ե̫˼飡
˶ˣҲãҲʱ̸һ̸ˡ
ͬʱѰڣ֮ǰûż֣ڵһ̡
ԲܴﵽϽгĿģ
Ѱ֪ʲô
ɫЩɲΪƾθ֪޷ѰǺεΪ
ֻֿܡ
һѰΪҪԶԶ֮ϡ
ѰطڱϢ;硣
һ֣һֲ̤ʵĸо
ˣĿôһĻĻʱѲܲˣһʱ䶯ˣ
ڱʲô𣿡
Ѱ΢΢һЦ
һв̤ʵĸоǿҡ
ҿǻòͷˣ
͵أһǿ߰಻סȳ
һֳһȣۼԼҵϣѰһ߻ţõŭգɱڡ
롣
Ѱ³֣һ֮İ壬ɢ
ǡ磬Գ档
飡
ͼһ岻ܿƵĵŵŵŵ˳ͫɴ˵ʲô
գȻأڣѱĨ
ƣɳ
ˣֻ
УնȻһ䣬᯵һϹɫ䣬ҲܿƵز
֣һλ̤㳤һپ
ֲ̫
󲽹ȵȹڵصĴǶɵۣԭϲñһ˵ĺȡ
ô˵ˣ
ѰȻټһңߴϵŷ֮һһеɫ˶ûУ
͸˵ͼڽ
ɫ粻
ԱߣһһѰ۹⻼طҪϣʿɶֹһӣΣ
ҵӣǸһĲֵ
Ѱ˵ţһӡ
䣡
ǿӻûӦͻһƬҽƮһء
֮䣬Ĩɱһλ
ɲһĻɲǼٶڳÿˡ
᯵ľɫ䣬ʧ㡭㾿ʲôΪ

Ѱʩչֲ֮ȫе
⻹ô
˵׼֮ңпܾʹ˶
һ뵽⣬᯵Ҳȵף뵽һ뿪ʮˣʱѱ£
ԣ
ԥϣѰֻҪŹһʲôͳͳԴӦ
ϣѰʹͷ죬ҲϾɱֻҲһѡ񡣡
뽲һϣ
ó񾮷壬Ͻǣһ۹ɱһӲ̤Ͻǰ벽
ⲻܣ
ڵϵ˺ѷΰУȫǽƣܴӦ
һû˵ꡣ
ѰȻҹЩҴҪ׳ͷ­˲ꡣ
˻һ˽Գ״ŭĻ᲻ףѰǴ㲻ˣ
ˣ
ٴһǿ԰еŭ⡣
ûС
Ѱشĺԥ
ҲգǾϷһ£Ƿ˵˻ĵ
âһ䡣
پ
ѰЦֻɫɱ֪ٸֻ˵֪
䣡
ûзϻֱӶ֣Ҷõѹ׵ǿֶΡ
ͼһִƵӡһưе貳ʢ֮
ˣڴ˿̽
ˣ⻹ǵһμ᯶֣ҲڴһѰ档
һѰһ䡣
һھĿע£λҵĶ˲ͻһƬҽ
͸ղǿһģһ
һʱ䣬ȫ͡
ʣµЩǿߣҲʶǰ˵ΪѴﵽǾĸ߶ȣ
գ糱ˮڴӡ
ʧǣ߶ⲻܡⲻܡ
ϣʲôǲܵģýˡ
Ѱ£һ貵Ľӳ
ৣ
һɨ֮ѣڹһصͷ
ǹڵϵˣϹһ֮£ף
⣬Ѱ̫֮һ
֮ʢ޿ɱ⣡
Ѱ߳񾮷ۣ֮Ȩ֮ص´ʱĻȻڶ𣬽һա
ѰڱվڻǰƮ裬Զŵҹɫɫһյִ񾮷ʱǰ㲨
ΪһŸոտʼ


1378 ն
һڸ߲һɨգѾ븲Զ
󣬵һϵŷȱʧķһǧʱעǣô˻ݺݿһڣһš
Ѱԣ⻹ԶԶ
ҹ֮һӵеȫѹ䳹޷Ŀܣ
ؼңˡ
ѰջĿ⣬ӰƮȻ𣬻һȥ
ۡ߱Ѫ̩ȴﻹڣ϶ֹѰľٶ
ڤڤ⡣
ڽҹϽǣ˿赲Ѱ

ϼ塣
۹ߴϵŷ֮һؼҵĵ̡
ҹּ֮עҪģܰ쵽һҲ벻Ҿλһ
ֺ뻪ĵУؼҼرٱڡ
롣
֮ϣűһЩԹͬٱһ
ּµĲҵؼҡҸռɣҪТ۹ңʣɣλһϷ֡
ر͵ȻڣţҲλ⿴Ľ
ǣǡ
ͷ׷׵ͷϲЦտ
ЩڵּжһЩԭּҽõҲּһޡ
ڣּҼҲ˿ʼϷսƷʱЩĴܲˣ
֣ϴķճ˭ִƣ
أ˺Ȼʵ
նʱһ˭ּһ⣬̾ϴķ塣
ΪϽڵŷ֮ɽʮ֮һЩؾķϴķҲͬΪһѵһĶ츣أ֮Ũκδѡ
ңܶȡϴķ壬ζݡȨƵ
رЦЦȴ£ԵϣؼҡҲֻ¡
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߿֮ϣҹĻ֮£ѰĬ
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ǲһĨ⣺ôżͿʼ칦ˣ
һ仰羪װ㣬ڴϼϿըһʱ䣬¡¡Ұ
ֵĵУһӵѹƣϾľˮϯһֱը顣
˭
У˽ɫ䣬
رɫһҲ֮ʱȴ˸ǰǲؼӣ
ҰУͿԶϣһͦӰɫĮ㣬ڸǡ
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ϽУ˵ָ߸ϵ̬ǰؼƣ
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Ѱ
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·㲻ߣѰǰּģֻ˵һܣ
ر͵ȻԸ
ѰּҴȥ㻹ǹԹ־ܰɣؼңһעƲʲôˡ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
Ѱˣ̲סЦЦ羪ף쳹ҹĻ֮¡
Щ˶Ȼ֪ȵزΪԼѪͷǰģ
ˣҹؼҽӴ˾ǡ
ѰЦݣ䣬ӴһһɨҲŹһ
˵ա
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Ѱʱ˸ЦؼңѵΪƾԺ˵أ
ɵѰһʱ˶ҲЦһܣֲ
һ
ǰʢ嫡ѹƣ
һ̺֮ǿȫеǽţҪϢ
䣡
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⣬Ѱһ֮
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䣡
رڵĻֺҲݡ
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󵨣
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棬Ҫ˴ⲣ
رҧгݣ޵ò㷢
ն
ʱѰɲٶնһ
һֻһ֣죡
ò˼顣
˿ռͽޣһʧҰУ޷׽켣
һ̣ؼˣʶһ
ۣ
һϹʺسһѪߣͷ­׷Ѫҹա
ۣ
ţλһϹͷ­Ҳ׷
ԶԶȥһſѪܵͷ­ҹ׹䣬ԵøѪȺˡ
һؼǿߣԱժȡͷ­
ȾװһĻʢŭ֮£ڷݵرɫ͵̣ʧе⡭
Щǰμؼıͣð
һȺ
Ⱳȿֲ飿
ӣ
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µؼңٲǰһʱᶪľأ
ؼ£ܾڴϼϵˡǿҲŵþʧ룬޵
˭Ҳû뵽һϣһ٣
ҹĻ֮µѰһ󣬸ϼ帲һӰؼҡ
ն
ѰɫĮɣеӳؼҷһĻĻûгɣʩչ
һΣһ˵̫ӳ꣬һ켣ؼҡ
һſѪܵͷ­ն䡣
Щͣһ
ţ龹ᷢϣҪ֪֮ǰŸιϷּ⡭
ۣ
رͷ­
дʡ֡Ȼ֮ɫ
ڽ󣬳־ŹϷּҲҵˣڡ
һжɿˣ
һҹ֮ؼҲѡ
ѰؼһɽɱȺر͵һڴ
ѪȾϼ塣


1379 ޳
ڵĻȼա
ѪȵϢϼϣĳĲҽСŭ˻𡢿޵˷ػص
һѪȵĻ
ؼң۹ߴϵŷ֮һҲڽҹѣ
ѰƾĿⲻϲ
һԹ̫ãһΣ˶ϡ
ৣ
ӰһʧããҹɫС
޷ĿܣЩס⣬ӣҹһĽѵ
Ѱգ䡣
ʶ糱ˮɢ˷ֶȥټϽǣС
֮ǰһѰϱ߼¼Щּҵİ
ʱһѰԺС
ϽѦңѦʣؼҸӹǰڱսϣһֽּҶˡ
ϽǺң̫䣬Ҹӹǰں޴ɱУӺּҾǿһʮˡ
ϽǺңˣһǰǿּҾɽ
Ͻǡ
һڳеϢԼǵݽѰԺһ
Щǰף
ѰȥܣǾּ˺ε顣
ԣȻҶּҶ֣ǾҪֱĴۡ
һҹɱˣ
ʨ¹˭
ǿʳʹҲȻ
ѰкޣгԵɱˣɱһ췭ظɱͷ
ɱдľҺּΪУ
֮гݺޣ

ŷ֮ɽʮ壬ÿһϣ̾дĶеŷε
Ǵŵ۹ϽȨƵ鲼۹۹ֻ
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Ӱ塣
Ѧ
Ѧüͷ磬ҸղŵõϢϽпѰ
һѦҸ߲ԶѻڴУҹǱټж֣ʲô顣
ɵѰ֣ǽһУǸϽǵϴķ֮ˣ
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˲ţЦ
㾿˭˵ģ
ɻ
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ͷ­ϣЦأԹϣԵޱȹˡ
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УȴѱޱȣЩѦҸ߲Եɴ۾żѦʵͷ­أޱ߿־塣
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Ҽ̫ڵȺϢѾǰؼңּҸ֮Ǻܾȡʲôô
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һն׼̽ȡ

Ͻǣҡ
ʱУϽдСУһһƿȨļ׼
ܼƹǣʮŸϽеŷʮµŷ
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ΪϽĿϵŷ½ڽҹѣϢҲעס
ϽеѰ˶ԣҹɫûʲô
ɶЩλϲĸԣҹȴԵޱȾĶǡ
߼ҡ
ͬΪϵŷ֮һڵһʱ䣬ͻõ˽ҹеϢ
飡
еĲ豭˥䣬мĽ
ɫ࣬ǣòع
Ϊ߼ҼһֱϲŭɫƣɴʱȴԵǰʧ̬
Աߣ߲üҲɷף˫ʧ
ڵõϢĵһʱ䣬ҲͷƤ飬㻳Ρ
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ҹһ̤ϵŷɽţնɱʮС֮飬ǰӲ
̫ˣ
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ǡô죿
ãɳʵƴš
Զԡ
˭֪Щ֣ƵƵѹּңּҪּҿһѹ
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ڣһжתˣ
Ѱһˣƿ֣һ̤ɽţնȺɱҸ߲Ѫɺӡ
ػɣԽԺܹӲдҲעϽڳ
Щǳ߼ҿûв뵽ּҵжУҲΪǡ
˳
ɱˣӵһǰϽǵ·ϣǳ߼ҿǷ˾ŻԾǲڰ;ϻɱӣȻʧˣջǺʹӽ񡣡
Ҳ磬ӼǺ޴£ǳ߼ֻҲᱻӶϰ
һ仰˽һ
գһİܴʲô̬ȣǳ߼ұó㹻ĳ⣬ȥ⵱һԹ
죬һǰּһ⣬ѰʲôҪͲͳͳ
Ȼ
˼ˣжһ̾ʶһǳ߼ҿҪѪˡ
û취ͽ޳
˭뵽ʮ겻Ǹˣӵ˿ֲ
磬Ϊ



1380 ŭ

һת˸ھּ֮ǰǻһҪ
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ϣһޱȵʵ˯ۣ˸Ƿ̽壬¶ǰ˪ѩĴƬĵ̬ޱȵջ
ǻ£ؼҼŮ
޹أú˯ľ
ԾĿ䵭¹룬ȥ
ѵ⣬ɫһͣЦߣؼҰн죿
ǬԪ
̻Իͣƻͨ
Ծĵִʱʱһȥ֮ڣӰ
ÿһǵ۹ϵĴ
һЩеүүүһĽɫһЩܾöϳϼһﶼڽˡ
϶д·
Ծзƽڴһ֮ıϣüҹ˺£λڴˣ
һ߳£ڸղʱѡ
Уصλ󳼵
ϵԾģ򳹵״סԴըѰһȻˣ
䵱֪ѰڽΪ֮ӻɫ粻˫ֽηϣҧأûбֵ̫ʧ̬
գûסһڰϣѰֱǡɥĲ񣡡
ڴлصȺԳĬ
ԾǣٴϢţǻɫÿ¡
ңżеĽ飬˵빲֦ͬ
ڽҹһˣ
֣붼벻һˣ
һг̫ˣ޴ͷǰټֵ飬Ҳֵʧ̬
ɴʱȴ޷ĵķŭ
񣬵۹⻼ϣѰ˼Ϊ۹Чȴڽҹɱˣֱ޷죬ﲻ⣡
ԾҧĿؿŴˣôǶ˵ѵǱѰɱƵˣ
˽Ĭˣû˿ڡ
ҹ֮£̫Ѱ˭ײұ¶Լ̬ȡ
Ǵֻ뿴һӵ̬Ⱥ;ϣɲһĪķ粨С
ţ˾ĬԶԣԾգҧгݵּ
֣ʯ쾪
Ⱥ궯û뵽ԾľôϣѵѾˣ
˵ŭ֮£ûµأ
ʱԾһһһٵѰ治׼ɱ۹ﲻ⡭
š
ȺнѣʶһּһȥѰ䱳ּң׳Ϊ۹ˡ
ȴѰּҵģ۹ͨѹ
ѰԴ
϶ܣ
ɾƾһˣܹ۹Կ
һʱ䣬п⣬ܲѡ
üΪԾһּȫй֮٣ȫ˵۹ǰ֣Եúܲǡ
ǰֹɾڴʱ
飡
ǬԪĴţһɾƿҹЮźУ˶һ
ԾǷŭҲ֮Ȼֹ



1381 
ҹɫīǰĺڰ
ৣ
еĿ⣬ԼͬؿǬԪ⡣
ǻʹǵ۹ϵȨ֮أǬԪ֮ص֮ء
ͬҲزĸ֣Իɲ⡣
һԣ¾еĳǿߣܿʹһۿǬԪˡ
ҹ˭ƿǬԪţ
Ⱥ¶ݣˡ
⣬ֻȻһٻӰһϮɫװīԺ¶һİӡ
ӰԼһˣǾһλ߸ϵиĺȺ֮ơ
Ծѣ
ۺĵŮ۹飬һλĵ۹Ů
ڵ۹Уۼ˭ܵ۳谮εãԾ޿ɵһ
ֻǣĳ֣ȴ⧲
Ǵ˿ڱϵԾģվʧ㣬ʱģ
⣬ҲǴ˵ɻ
ûмǴλҲʮǰ뿪ĵ۹ǰŻС
ճԣӦҲ޷½Ŷԣ
ԾֻҪ۹͵Ÿİɣ
Ծƽһϡ
ⲽȺ׷ÿһ·û˸̧ͷȥעӡ
ԭܼ򵥣ԾɢϢΣȴѹôȺֻܵͷ
⣬Žĸ׳Ƴ
㣬˵ﻰ
һԾѣԾҲǺһϣܵһεѹȣ񶼲Ƶزڡ
ԺȻʮ겻ѣԼλܸʳ谮ĳ㣬ֱһˡ
ַȡƣϣֱ˸ʵַɣ
ֱߵһŴȨıǰԾֹƽȴһ˵ϡ
ڣ
һ仰ԾձǺ죬ȺĿ֮£ڡ
һ裡
һҧ˵㣬ǰͳûʸԼң
飡
䣬һ򣬾͵һϣͬʱһɿֲƺݺѹϣ޷
Ծѣһűϸ۵ָǰãڿʼ
赭дһ仰Ⱥɫ䣬ʶλ£ҪȨ
ô
ԾһУһɿֲƸǣѹƵȺѣ
Ȳң
˹
ʱҲ׷׹ֳƳ
˭֪谮εľǳԾѣ
һȣԾĸʲôף׵۹ĴȨڵ۵ġ
۲ڣôԾѣӣʲô
ȻۼλݣԾȺеķҪ߹Ծһͷ
ȺףԾѳƳԾ˶е㣬㲻λҵģҵģ
飡
ԾɫһӣԾ˶ʹȥɵڵء
ˣ̧ȥѺ󣬾ȥػ꣬ṳ̂һ
Ծһּ´ڳ׽ԾĲڽ£ʧȥһȨơ
һȺ֣ԾĴߡ
һĻȺгףڵ۹ʹڲѱԾƿء
Щɿ
Ŵʱڴ뱦һһŮӣÿж֪
ӽҹʼ۹һˣɳԾ˵㣡
£ҹҡ
˴Ƴţǰ
ֻǲ˵꣬ͱԾѴϣҶﲻּңѣֻ˵Ǿȡ
һ仰ڱڵ۹ߵ־̬ȣ
ǾǣѰ½ҹɱϽѪɺӣ۹Ҳ׷ͬҲΪҳͷ
⣬ƿŲٲҵԺֻòˣҴ㽫֮ԵΪ۹Чߣʸֽ
Ծ赭дڡ
ȺֱҪʼϷϵŷƵĵ̺
˭Ҳû뵽ԾѸһƹ֮ᡣ
һּ´֮ǰȻӵȨ޾ԻͣҲս괵ȥ
ʵ£ȡ
վĿơ
ʱҲ䣬⶯ѡ
ҵĵ̿ۺޱȣƿصĲҵ鲼۹ҧһڣܳԸ
񣬵۹Ϊַ֮أλýܼ򵥣Ծ㣬ɱ׿ߣԿɻý
ԾѵȻҵĻ⣬жͣҾӵжĽ
ȺȻӦŵ
ÿУʼжˣҵ£ڵȻ
˭һ˭ܴͷȻϾȡ棡
еȺÿһ󣬼һ鲼۹
ǿɲΪˣ
Ȼ˿ڣ£ҵˣвٶڵ۹еҪְЩˡδã
ְ
ԾѺԥ֣ޱȡ
ͼ죬أ
˼ʵ
ɱ˾ǡ
ԾѵȻǿճְλҲΪһֽλ˭ͣᡣ
һӣȺĺ£ֹܹϷҵ棬ܾȡԭҵȨ
ԾƽؿһĻаѰѰջһ͸ҳһ⣬ãҼʱˡ
ˣͽλһ֮󣬰䲼ȥɡ
Ծȥ
͵£
ȺԸףֱԾѵӰʧǬԪ⣬ųһɫ졣
û뵽
˸пɫӡ
̫飬ֱڣǶһεĸо
Ѱ޿ƥ֮ƣǹƥɱͷɱϽ𵴲
ԾıߴȨʧƣԾһԾ𣬿ʼ
һϵк䶯ޱȵĴ£һϷȻٺʹӣ˿̶оЩˡ
ԽԺϽֻ¾ֻʣϵŷ˰ɣ
ૡ
һҹ֮䣬Ǭ׸ģƱð
ꡣ
ô˵µѰǺܲѣ
˵һĪĻȴȺнһ
Ѱǽ췵ص۹ģƺҲǽ췵صģѵǽ
ˣ֮Ĺϵɴ󲻼򵥣
ңµ̬ȣԾ͵վּңվѰߣ
Ժ¿һºּҵĹϵˡ
ĬĬ˼⡣

ͬʱѰƮ裬һ磬ϴķ֮
һҹһ·ɱնУ
ܵĳޣҲõй
ʱɽۣѰ΢΢̧ͷͿҹһ˿а㻮ҹĻһĨء
죬ˡ



1382 
һƳش£Ҳ˯ҹɫеϽ
ڶѰ˶ԣµһҲûʲô
Ͻϲԡ
µһֻǷ籩Ŀˣ
ҹϢֻ֪ڣǴССʽҲˡ
ϵŷѣʮŸŷ֮һϵеϢסѾõĻɽµһ쳹ױˡ
ʱٳٶ۵Ҳ֪һҹ֮䣬ϽǷƱãǬ׸ģ
һУѰˣ

ʱ£ڵȴϢ
ˡ
ϴķڣһּҸ߲ȴһҹ
ΪպּӵһҹУҲͬûеõκϢ
ѰķأһĵĹ⣬ÿһּе
Щּ꣬ҵĴʵ̫ң߽ıԵ
ѰĹּ¿ϣ
һвУ
̲סʡ
Ӧǰ۹ʹȥѰˣҲֻӻѹһѹҵ档
侲
ΣϾһϲ£¾ٻ㣬ǴһͬԾˡ
˵ۣպĬΨѰȥʲôˣ

أ˽гѰӰڴ⡣
һӣ˶ϣĿⶼˢˢԡųⷵصѰ
λٵģˡѰЦſڡ
ˣ
һϴĴըɫȡ
˼㵸
ϥǣϲ
˴Ц˴УҲݺᡣ
ЩּҷƮҡһղһգ֮ΣգÿһּͷѹϳľʯҪ
ʱΪѰһ仰Щѹÿе׵õй
ֱã˲侲
üЦˡ
ֻԶǶЩ˼
ѰΪȻ״ҵ顣
Ժ治ٶǶˣ
ֻԶ̲סʡ
Ҳ䡣
ѰЦҡҡͷҲҹ򵥶Ҫ˵һ飬赭д
ɵʱȴһƬžѻȸ
ÿ϶д𺳡㱡֮ɫ
ҺգݷĲ
ʣµ飬ͷλˣȥһ
ѰƮȻȥ
ģ˵ԴԺעϽг
ֱѰʧֱ⿪ڣƴǼžա
Ϊθоܡʵ

Ҳˣ𺳵Ӷʹˡ
ֱʱ󣬵֪ҹĸϢּȷš
һУģ
ϴķּңҲ֮׷ڡ


ʮǰѰϽУչһǰҫ۵֮·
ֻ꣬ͳĿʦ
۹¹ѧԺϰ
ϴķ֮
ʱڵ۹һжɧڸ˫
һˣ˭ȴ
ʮĽ죬˻ˣһ۹𶯵ķʽ³ǵҰС
һҹ֮䣬ɱͷѪɺӣɱϽǵҹɫ
𺳡
Ҳ˶ʱ꣬Ǹֻһг۵ˣѱȫͬ

ʲôѰĻˣ
ʦܲƴʦ㱱üëһô˵ּоˣ
ԱߣЦּΣҹѾ
㱱һæʵô£
罫һ򶪹ȥҹ飬ҶУһ
㱱ù򿴰գ۾ֱú͵رһЦҲн죿˵ּѰڣ˭˭꣡
㱱ǳ磬ԺѰЩۼּѣҲڰна
ϧΪƴʦҽа壿
ʱ֪Ѱ¸ʮطϽǣһɱҳҲʹޱȡ
ߣԾȥ
㱱¡
첻ǻҪһ𣿡
ʵ
򣬺Ⱦƣ
㱱ţͳʦ磬ɼεȼˡ
ҲЦˣæ׷ȥ

¹ѧԺƱԺ
һüĿ续ʩ죬ŮϿΣΧʱĿ͵͵аĽмʡоޡ
˿Ů·֮Ů㡣
òѧʶģƱԺһλ߽ʦ
Ůһʱżü¡
ע⼯񡣡
̨ϣƴʦºһ䡣
šһ˵ͷ
͵أһУ֪һʮ֡
˻ķʽеСֽϰˣ
ѵ
ǰһڲĿע£֪һƱԺĸ߽ʦԥѧã
ЩһҲ̫ûòˣѧãû¿ءֹ
Ŀⶼ˽̨ϵء
ֻǣǴ㵵ǣصƴʦأ˿ҲһޱȵģѰˣ̫ˡ̫ˡ
˵ʱеֱӶҲȥ¿ˣ¿ˣ첻Ͽˡ
û£صӰûӰֻ¿һȺɵ۵ѧ
Сֽϰ˭
ֹ
ǸƳսװʦ֪꣬Ǿѧ
˴УҲ
ʱըʮǰƱԺ߳һλ
˽Ѱ۹ʦ
ʱǱ־ŰĽϰ
һ죬¹ѧԺУҲ֪ѰϢ䶯
һĻĻʼϽǸݡ
ϢɢӣԽԽ˺Ҳ½֪ʱǸϽǵˣ

ڵ졣
ϸĵ˾ͻ֣ᷢϽеĴСɳʹߣЯŹص˷ϴķ۶ȥ
ƺƵһۡ
˿߼Ҽݳϴķ֮ǰ
Ҳ˿۹еһЩүүˣҲǰϴķݻᡣ
һʱ䣬ϴķּңٲȻΪϽĿĽ㣬
ɴʱּңȴܲͣ
ԵúవйעһжĴԾš
ҲˣʶּңΪѰĻĲһˡ
ּҶϲӲϵŷ֮Ҿ֮⣡
ȴû˸պޣ̬ȱǫ
ҵȨƺ͵̺ε죬Ҳһҹ֮䣬ͱѰһ̤ƽ
ʱ˭ҲʶȤ˵׼Ҫҵĺ󳾡
ӽԺ󣬱ҪתԴּҵ̬ȣ
дóĹʶ



1383 
Ұʲ
仰Դףݽּ֮ңҲӦ
ϽڶļϢ֮ͨҹڻʳǬԪе飬Ҳһ
ȨͳһעҾͽɴ
˭վּһߵģ
£ֻҪЩӶԽԺּҽƲɵ˸ơ
һ죬ϽǶ𶯣ΪѰһҹ֮ɱķɶĿ⣬£ϴķּңǸ˵е
꣬˹ڸ
ֻһеĶɧ
ϵŷĳʮŸŷ֮ͷ­֤
ѰһˣԽϵŷɲڽ£

ϴķɽ
ּ֮أ뵣Ķž
ѰһּڵλǰĬ
һյյ°߲Ĺ⣬ӳĵȻӰƽһĨȵζ
Щλϣ֣ҲиĸүүԼһڵϵ˵֡
ϤҲİ
Ϊδı
Ѱ֪ΪּˣΪľ૑ĶӣЩе
籨
ѾˣֻһӣĻԪһ׼ۣа᪣Ժһȥġ
һѪ¼࣬Ҳ᳹ײ
Ѱૡ
˺ܾãһûܵ
ֱĺɫʮ֣Ϧʱ
Ѱһת뿪
ֻǣ߳һ˲ʵһֱΪǻǰȥһҵ𰸵ġ
Ϧ£Ѱƽϲ
Զһһּڻ

֮һҹ¡
һѰһ̤ңɱʮŸŷ֮ϽǷơ
ԾȡԾģյ۹ȨͳȨ
ɵӰ죬ȴŸտʼӡ
ڽһʱ
ϽУϵŷйصܵĴ
ּҵҲ⵽㱨ҪôҪô
ڱһеԾѣȡжģϽвͬ
֮ϵŷϽеȡµŷ
Ȼﵹ£˭ܲûݺҧһڣ
ּңδһһ䣬ȴΪӮң룬һȥϷҵ棬ԻΪּұһݡ񡱡
ڣڶ̶̲ʱڣּӵеĲҵһֿŵٶڻš
Ŀɽׯ԰Ƹˮһ㣬ۻּҵϡ
ּ֮ƣɵӣ
˵ĸп
Ͻһҹ飬ҲڽʱУ۹֪𾪡Ȼ
Щڵ۹Ϊķ޴֪Щ飬סѰ֡
һλӵгپ죬ЦԣͲõ۹֮ڳָƵ飡
Ϊ޵ߵڶĵǵ۹ڲ
ҵĵ£ζŵ۹ϲҲ֮һأΪ۹ĵˣЩԣȻּɡ
ͬڵ۹֮ء
֪ЩϢЩڴַ۹ҲһֻҲĸп
۹ֻǵˡ
˭׵ĵ

һº
һҹӰ죬ѽƽ
۹Ͻڲƽ
Ϊһʱ۹ڵ޻ڼӺɢʡͳǳ֮أ졢ޱȵɱС
Щ޴ȳ㣬ɱᣬ޶ռһһǳأ¾˲֪ٵĵ۹
ͬʱ۹֮Ҳ漱
ٽƣʱͻƵ۹ߣֱĿܡ
⻼ľ£۹֮ڣԵˡ
ÿһ죬µϢӲͬսأϽڣڻʹԾǰ
ֻǣûһǺϢ
ʺĸˣȴһ̯ӡ
ԾѿŶѻһ࣬Ĺĺһۣü䲻һ˿Ρ
ԴִƵ۹ȨڣûͣЪ춼ҪӰ˵顣
ཻڴˣϲĻС
£ϽںȻһЩּ֮Ĳԡ
һ̷һߺȻڡ
˵
Ծһ
Щʵ棬Ҳȥ
ǻʹеһ£Ҳһλǿи֣ڴڹ
˵ţ߽һЩ˵
ԭһʱ䣬Ͻеۣ˵ΪѰһƷϵŷõ۹뼫ĶС
Щ޴Ҳץסᣬû
ߣ
ԾâһڵʱҲû۹е⻼ôһ𣬾˰ƵѰͷϣ
ϢŭǣҥԶѣؽ档æ
Ծ̾ԿηԽԽҥԴʱٵҲģʱ۹οѰοּң
£ҪҪһ龿˭ɢЩҥԣ߻ǵзһĨâ
ˡ
ԾһʹӰ빺󷽳𣬳ȥȥѰһˡ
УֹҶͷöزˣһȻһֱϴķϣУҲ̫ˡ

ϴķ塣
ɡϼȣƺٰ㴹һ¼䡣
ѰɫƣһУһƤ««װơ
һϴķּҷ˷츲صı仯æµ֡ϡ
Ѱ۵ףȴδ֡
Щм飬ȫҡաֻԶԼúܿС
˵ʵҲóЩм顣
Ѱһֱţ塢;һֱڽš
ͬʱ̫һǧٸѨһǧٵ̫
ÿһо֮ѨУ¯аʱʱܹ̿õ

ƣеѰ˼
Ϊ߽Բزӭڰ˽١ѡ
ֱ񣬻Ӧƽٵס
ھ֮ʱѰʶѣ𣬹ʶž½ϴķ塣
Ϊڴ˳Ҳڴ˵ضƴѣԵ׷Դ
ϴķҳ֮أȴһɽгɳֱͨؾĻᣬӶ̤֮·
ѰȻʶνԼʱѽ٣Լɳ֮ȴһת
תΪͨؾ
ѰȻƮԺиֳһϵӰ¹㾿˭
ͨؾѰģ



1384 ᣿
ɴأ١
Ծϴķۣ֮ԶԶأͿһģѰ
УһƤ«һƣԶеģ
ɴ۾ĥԼͷöǰزһȴܣ
ߣ
Ծѱһ
УѰƺ«ƣԣһ͵ؿȳǺ졣
ѣôͻȻðˡѰ졣
Ծ̲סҪЦջסߵ֪ڣ
һϮذȹѣһͷ˿Ժ¶һϲ׾ӡ
ʱԶУӰԼٳƵġ
Ҳһ˲Ѱʶ
һŮÿʱ򣬾Ȼȴ̲סҪЦʱ
ʱԾѡ
Ѱ̾һ䣬ģȻȻ
ԭԾлЩίоԼһʱΪּҵæµһȴ͵Уֱ̫塣
ֵֻеպίĪʧˡ
ƨ
ݺѰһۣһֱ˷顣
ѰЦæóԾ
Լվһ࣬˫һ֪´ݹ٣δӭݣˡ
ԾŶһȻ⣬ӣСӣ̯ϴˣ
ѰкЦȴ󾪵£Сһ򰲷ؼɴδʲô캦飬¿ɼɱɲԩš
һϻ̳Ͽֵģ
Ծ̲סЦ㣬ǰ컬࣬ħȴԳǡؼĺˣŻУЩĭ㲻ɡ
ѰҲЦˣһƨһĹϣҼ£ԾͶ㿪һ¡
ԾѵȻ֪£λܲܰҽһ£
ѰЦ飬Һܾ
ԾҲ֪ʲôü䷺һĨɫεйأ룬Ҳֻá
Ѱɫ棺˺£
һʱ䣬Ͻг˺ܶҥԣ˵ΪɱŴµ۹⻼ԽԽء
ԾѽһЩϢг
ѰʼΪȻʶЩԾҪ¶ף
Ծѵ̸ôأҲ֪ҥԽԽ࣬ʱƣٵҲġ
˶٣ңһɢЩҥԵģܺҵйأһЩĻ̥֮ڱƲ
ѰôĿʲô
ԾЦ㻹зѣּͷܾĿᱻۺͼޡ
ѰҲ֪鲻ɱ⣬ƾɱ¾壬Ҳ²ס죡
Ծѵ޴ЩҲء
Ѱһô£
Ծɫζ٩ƷңڼӰЩ˵۹ǵȻּɣͲһЩƵġ¡
Ѱ׹һЦڼֻﶷɣ
ԾѵͷҲôΪҵĻԲ̣
ѰЦָԾѣˣҪҰȥɱС
Ծ΢΢һЦ¶һھӨѩ׵ıݣǰԼȥҥԣٲڮٺͷ̰㡣
Ѱʯ˸ҲãЩҲʵЩˣʱȥһˡ
ಣ
Ծ׳һ򣬵м¼ֲڵ۹ڵһЩй޴
ȻΪѰ׼ˡ
һҪСһЩ½粢ǰ򵥣ؾ䷢󣬳˺ܶ飬Щ޴ƾճֵһǰĵ۹Уɾ顣
Ծɫ
Ѱ˵ͷ˵ˣҲһҪæ
Ծʹ㾡˵
Ҳһ¹µ顣
Ѱ䡣
¹£
ԾһУǰҲԼ֪Ѱ׸桰¹
ԡ
Ѱͷ
ǰʱΪ¹ֻһƢʦ
ǳ߽پľߣԼٵ־о¹Բһ
ܹһ׼У껹ӤԼߣɿͨܰ쵽ģ
ңѰ֪¹ڵ۹¹ۼ
ܶǰҹŮ¹ѧԺԺ̨ϵϼ˾ۡۺ󡭡ȵȴ֪¹Ĵڣ
ɹ¹˭ʲôݣһա
ѰһǿҵĸоֻҪܽҿ¹ݣԼһ˽⵽ĸ૑һЩ
ã½졣
ԾѵͷӦƿŵ۹ȨһЩѶȲ

ҲȥѡʮˣֻһҪԼּͣңһ磬һǰǰɱ
Ծ뿪ѰԸҡ
ǡ
ȥ
ֻѰû뵽һţȴϴķº䶯
е˽ԱټҪһѡΡ
ѩ尡һЩɺôҲǼ֣ȡһѵޱȵĻᣬܸһɱƾֶΣͻҲ¡
ֻԶһ飬Ͱڡ
ѩЩԥҡкܶҪ
ֻԶɸֵ㻹û𣬼ǴһǿأʲôҪ
ѩεһ԰ɡ
ֻԶʱЦһҪŬ

ǶһǱ츳ߵĺӣձ֣壬һλᣬ㶼Ҫץס֪𣿡
̣ϽǣòһΪ֮ߣֻɱǼֱͺͻһϻԵûʲô𣡡
Ľ̸ϴķݣÿһּӵܣඣ
ЩһҲʶһޱȵĻᣬʶּ
Ѱ
ϽУ˭֪ܲ
һˣһ棡
ץסˣ
ּ˽԰Էݡ
ͬʱҲּҴеģþְ취ҪΪԼҶȡһ
ͷ綷

ͬʱѰںս̸
ô˵ӥû
Ѱʱ˵ǰսϣһҵǿӳӥΪͽ顣
ڣǰǰɱпܣȥһӥǷ񻹻š
֪ϢӥǸ˶ӣȴأʶҲ޷϶
ü
ˣʱȥһ
Ѱϡ
ӥЩΪּҸ࣬ͽ֪Ѱܲܣ


1385 ն
һ硣
ϴĴǰѾʮӰŮּһӵܡ
ѩ壬ۼ֣Ѱ֡
Сֻʮһ꣬ýѰһ塢ò
ÿһˣȺţдšڴ㽵ɫ
ѰϴĴ߳ͿһĻ
˵ֻҪʮ𣿡
Ѱһ
үԼѡɡ
ҿЦ
ѰƳһԶּΣϣ֮ɫ
ʱˣԺЦԼɱɲǴһȺСƨȥ¡
գĿһɨУѡʮּӵܡ
Ƕ麣εΪǱ̸ܴеţԶԣѾܲˡ
ȻѰУʡǱεģؼԡ
޵ġ
޶ߣֻҪ֮Ժ㣬Ժڵ;Ҳкʱ
׿ߣԲҲע޵֮·߲˶Զ
ѡγʮˣ֮ǰչֳһֺ˲һĳȡᶨ֮ɫ
֪󣬳˾ɥ˸ˣһ㡣
ѩЩΣǳһһѰ֣ȴûѡϡ
ʱûбʲôϣɴʱЩʧ䡣
ѩ壬Ҳһɡ
ϣѰѩһЦͷ
ѰĿ⿴ңҲ¥䱦¥飬һҪãֻҪּҵӵܣߣԿɻý
ҵͷİɣү
Ѱһ
ڹŻ򴳵Щ꣬Ѽ˴ġ䡢ҩ伮ȵȱ
ǳ߽پߣһЩòϣʶһԶóּϴķ¥䱦¥
ΪģּܹһؾУӵоĵ̺ͻᡣ
δʮּӵǰǰɱѰҲǱһӵܣɳ˼
Ͼʮ֮ڣ֮עĻʱ϶Ҫ뿪ġ
ѰĴǣʮڣܵضΪּһЩ飬Լ뿪ǰ޺֮ǡ
ಣ
ûãڿգѰѩԼּʮӵƿնȥ
ϣѰмŵ۹ڷֲ޴ϸϢ
۹ʡǳ⣬ɽ̾һ֧޴졮ӵʮ޴ʮλ
۹ƹʡɽڣ̾Ŵһ£һΪ
۹ͥʡ
һϢˮӳѰͷü
ʱ񣬵۹ڣнһʡڣԳƺƴͺˡ
ѰѴ˸ӡ
ӵΪϵޣǷޡľһ֤ɡ
ڵ۹ڣ֪ǿߣʮλ
УԵ۹вģλڵ۹ϲʡڵġʵɲ⣬ݴӵųŽپĿֲΪʥ
¶棬ϢҲ٣Եüء
ŽپʥҲ֪Ǻε֤
Ѱ
ܲ
Ծԣĵ۹ڣ޴ڣʮǰؾ۹ڣʼԽԽޡ޺
ƾճֵһ
Ѱɲţ̶ʮʱ书ؼһǿߡ
֮Щ޵⣡
ͬʱѰҲע⵽ؾ۹Աˣ࣡
һЩڣɽءǰֹġ
֮ǰԾѵ˵ǰĵ۹һӡֳֻһ硣
ڣؾӡҲ֮ԽԽĽ䣡
ңؾԺ״ԽԽĳ֡
ǹŹ֡
Ѱǰ֪½ܲ򵥣ȴû뵽ڵ۹ڣͻȹ顣
ȥɱ
ѩѰ˼
ȥʡ
Ѱڵӥڵ۹ʡǳɽ⵽˲⡣
ͬʱѰԣʡҲŲһ塣
ʱһ۹ʱĵطǵ۹ʡıжٳǡ

Ѱ뿪ĵ죬ϽھͱϢ
ϴķ֮Ѱ뿪Ͻǣǰǰ߲
һʯǧˣ˶ԾϽдϢ˵ѰƵң޴ץסᣬһַ۹ٲȻѰ֮
ڣѰҪʼˡ
ʼոûнʲôֱӾҪȥն
Ϣ÷ɿ죬һʱϽǡ
һʱ۹ԽԽƮҡַ֮õ۹Ļ̡̻
ڣѰ˭ܲע
һˣ̤ϵŷľˣǷһ֮ѹ۹ľƣ
̫ˣѰ˳ɺķУɱ޴ƨ
˭˵Ѱǰֻ᣿վӷɣ
ҺڴѰǰʤ֮ʱ
ϽڣѰͨ˶֪ϢеܺͼѰĺøҲǳɱǡ
ʱ޴ƵƵַ۹ڣɱᣬ޶¹ߡ
Ѱĳ벻˷ܶС
ˣ϶˴ĹעѰһĵ۹˶ԣһ棬һܵ񻰣
һˣԽϽǷƣ۹𶯣
ȥ˭ܲ
ĹѰһЩҥԡ̰ڮ٣ҲȺ䶯Ϣɢ£һգ
һڿʼһЩԵ۹ˡһЩŷпѡ
ѰǿҲúܶɵޱȣܹվȥ֮Ȼ˸ˡ
۹ڵһЩҲϢһȻ
һЩüѣʼ衣
ҲһЩŰ֮ɫԣѰʲôв֪
̬ŭ˲֪ٵ۹ǿߡ
ûãͲ̾ڵ۹ʡڵġѪһǿޡ
ҺѰȱһ͵ūͣѰһܲѡ
۹ʡ̾ɽĽų˺ԣҪѰΪū
һʱ䣬˶һλֲޣ
ŰɣѰ϶ȥʡϴɾӵţ
Ҳ۹ǿ߶ҧгݡ
ֻԾ¶Ź֮ɫΪ֪ѰѡɱĵһĿ꣬ǽ
ʱǽѰָһ飿
ಣ
ʱƲУΪѰָʮּӵУΪ䴫ҵɡ
Ȼûע⵽ΪĳУ۹䶯˲֪ٹעĿ⡣


1386 ٳ
ڣѰϥأд
ߣʮּӵϯض
Ѱо磬˵Щֻ麣ΪּӵܣȥָǿУ´ࡣ
Ѱһ·Уһʦţڸˡ
޵ףվҪԼȥڵ;ɾ͡
ͨ۲죬ѴǸּӵܵ顢츳̺͸ǡ
´ʱҲʩ̣вͬ
ǡ
Ѱһ֡
һæ
Ѱóһ񣬵ݸͣʮ㣬ۣһҪò׾һУϹһλ²ʺ㣬ȥɡ
һæӹл
˵ţȲʼʱԺиֳһɴ
ؽ
ǵܿС
ϼ
Ѱֵ˸֣һȹŮҲ֮
ȱٷâҪסˮۣ;֮·һеĴУҪúò򡣡
Ѱһ˹ȥ
Ѱóһһ񣬷ֱּӵܡ
Щ񣬽ھ֮ڤӽءսؾá
ʱսǧǧǿӡʱҲ˳ִһٶ
ЩڣӡһϹŴУǲ֮ش磬ʹѡ
ѰԣȴʲôΪܹеǿӡ֤ԼĵҵҪǿ
ѩ壬ӵ־ԲزΪֻȱһܽҽʱһЩĵãʮҩҲһպá
ѰóһһӡУݸѩ塣
ѩһϸֳһĨ֮ɫһл
ѰЦ̸ܽǵĶѾ̸ǣʣµľҪԼŬΩ裬Ψдߣڵ;ߵøԶ
˽Ȼͷġ
ˣ׼һ£ϾҪִʡʱ򣬾Ҫ浶ʵǹɱˡ
Ѱһ䣬߳ա
ѰԣЩּӵֻ˳ƶΪһС¡
ȴû뵽ΪյССٶּԺһλλ߳ƵľԺиɧŹʣ

ʱ
֮ϣ͵ͣͷϣѰԣһ
ԶĴϣӰ飬ǵأѰͨˣÿϽдֻ̺;塣
һЩӰͷ
ȵң
ӣ
Ҷϣ
ӵ˷Щͨ˽ЯҴڣŮֻӱڴϣġ
Ѱüǰǧ֮أǵ۹ʡʡϼˣڣ˺ƴ
ѵʡܵصв
ಣ
ѰݺۣǰС
ûãһȺ޵ߣͬҲһɫţɫɷס
ѣϼǷ˺£
Ѱʵ
Ӱɣ޴ѾϼΧµˮйͨһգǳעҪݣ
ǰ̫ˣʮλʮ޴ǣ֮ݲ
ѣͷ߰ɣϼѾȥã
Щ޵Ӱ˿ڡ
˵ʱǸû̶ֻͣȥԶ˵
޻Ѿصزˣ
Ѱһü
ҿʡѾȥˡ
ѩ߳
ȥã
ѰȻѩ壬ǴΪ
ѩԥɱ
Ѱˣ֪ǰΪΪβɱǾãƾҵЩ޵Ķ֣
ѩæҡͷǴ죬ֻǵǶѣɴûɹѰ͡
߰ɣնսĥ͡
ѰԦۣƿնȥ
ûãϼǾ޴ĳǳؼ䡣
ִ󣬾ͼӰԽԽˣ糱ˮƵģֹϼҴڵͨˣ޵ߡ
ѰɫˮһԲӿնϣ˲ϼڡ
ȥͼټϼڣֵβȥ¥գռš
ϼʡʢᣬʱѰڴ̾һʱ䣬ӡУﷱˮӵ˿ڡ
ڣȴһ֡ճǡĸо
ǻʲôߣܶþһȡʱ䣬Ҫܶ˵Ѫ
Զһ֧۹ӳ֣ѰǣԶɫһŭȳ⣬ǿ뿪
ȻǺȳ⣬ȴѰд
Ϊһʡ֮ܶݺε󣬿ǰȴѡ£һ޴ɱֻΪЩȡʱ䣡
Ϊ²ԸĴǣѰܲݣ
¡
ԶһǼɱ쳹
ٵˡ
Ѱһڿնȥ
վס˲ɣ
ҲΪ۹һɣ
ֻǴȥעҪġ
Щ۹ʿˣ㵣ɫȻ͸һ˵ı롣
缸Ҳжˣ
͵أ˴УɫȻ
ߣˣҲҪɱͷ󣡡
ܹλһսΣ
Щ۹ʿΪ޵ߣʱһȺĺܣһЦţԶսȥ
֪ҲҪȥս

ϼϣ߸ߵĳ¥ϣȾѪѻһ߾߲ƵʬɺѪգǽȾɴĿĺɫ
߿Уֻʣ°ҵ۹սڿ֧š
ڳ⣬糱ˮ޴ɽҰƺƵһ۾ͷ
Щޣ羫ݣɽ͵ޣҲлεĲľ֣ʮ֮ڡ
¡
һ֧֧۹ѱȵǽǰֻܱ˵Աѡ
ƣѾΣ֣
ˣ뿪ɣ޴Ʋɵ
¥Уʡһڴɫ׷׿Ȱ˵λλõܶξ뿪
ɽڣǻоͷ֮գ
ˣ뿪
ļ١
ΨξĬ
ʣ
ۼңͿ̿ɱõ۹ɷʬҰɱôɽѪɫȥ
Զ˻һǼǳξĶŤһ𣬺޵ÿҪҪҧ顣
Щ
ξ뷢ŭţĿѣλȰ˳ƣҵ֮ڴˣߣ
һ
䣡
һҵ۹սһͷݻ٣׹
ƣˡ
λ߰ɣӴ˿̿ʼĳһسǣ
ξ´
˲ߣҵҲߣ
˽ԴУɫȻ

ξ鱩ȣƱˡ
ߣһҲߣ
ԶսϿգһͷԡɫ׵еЦٿȻѣѻһɫ磬¥ǰ
ٶ֮죬ף



1387 ǧɣѪ续

¥ϣһڴɫ䣬авá
ξ飬ҲһС
֮ǰսУһֱ֣˭Ҳû뵽ڴʱɱ
Ϊһʡ֮ܶξȻ֪ǽĽֵܣӵгĽپΪսֲޱߡ
ξΪע֡
ৣ
ɫ쵽˲˼ĵز˲ơ
ξ鷴ӦʱһԷĲɫ׵ľצѽߣץͷ­
ˡ
ξһ˲һ˵ı
ʯ٣˳ǹ룬ֻһԿ
ȥ̫ʣ
һɲ¥һƬš
ˣ
˽ʧɫ׹Ԩ
ξʡܶˣһսעԵ۹ҰܶĻ

¶һĨЦ͵һȡ

һ֣ƽס
һּ⣬ֲ
䣡
ֻֿԴը屻һ޿ɵݺײ
ԭξˣҲǻһͫȻš
ͼߵʮɿӴ壬ݺݵɳȥߵķƵģ׹ڼԶսϡ
Զ޴Уʱ𾪺֮һƬҡ
⡭
¥ϣξԸоһš
εȿֲɴʱһõǧɣ
ڼɱսϣ˿̶һɲǶݵļž
ĿһĻģǵ۹ǿߣ֮һԾѡ
Ҳڴʱһұڳ¥ǰ
Ѱһˣ
ৣ
ξ˵Ŀ⣬뿴˹ȥֻǵˣһ
֧֣ʮˣΪˣĶŮֻ麣Ϊ
Ԯ
˿ɬ
һȺˣŲʮˣʮ޴
ʵ̫ˡ
ʣղſλѳ
ξ齫Ŀ⿴Ѱ
Щĳλ̸
ѰתĿ⿴Զս
Уѩڵһּӵܣ¶ء֮ɫ
Ҳǽ֮⣬ǺƺƵǵذ޴ɢıɱϢضɫ䡣
οּЩӵܣ
ܹվڴ˵أľδѾǱּɫˡ
ξ㲻Ŷ䣬һˣҪǰһƺƴ޻
ֱ췽ҹ̷
ߣû뵽һӲ磡
ԶŭߣĴڿն𣬻ԡɫ׵磬졣
𣡡
սУ޴ƿɲ
ѹǣΣˣ
ѩЩּӵжһ̫ˣɽҰǣ飬⻹ô
ȴʱѰȻּӵţгһգӵоԵȻǧǧҲֲһѹ硭
䡣
䣡
ؼ䣬͵쳹һ
ԺУԶֳһĻһƬޱĺǿһӴ޷͵ذװβХǾ޴ѵڱǺӣѹǿա
ټ飬Ƴܲסһη

𺳡
ʵһִѰɢĳֻ࣬ǵ̫ߺͿֲӰ졣
⡭ǣ
Զڷ޴Իһˣһ̵ɫҲ
衪
쳤Х
ֲĴѰɢ˲仯κˣϯɢ
¡
޼᲻ݵķ籩ǿֲХ֮һͷͷ˲ըѪٰ
ʮɡ
ɡ
ǧɡ
ֱǧ֮أԭɱе޴۷ޣ߲ľ֣Ҳʵǿȫϯѹݿ塢飡
ǧ֮أɲǼ䣬绯һѪȵĻϱͿĨŵģ޵Ѫ⣡
ǧ֮⣬޴ֵ˻ܵشһЩ޿ڱѪҡ
е۶ϣӿ׹䡣
棬һҡ
ڲΣյĵһʱͿʼҲܵ˼µĳ嶼ҡҡ׹Ѫǰֱðǡ
Ҫ֪һͷ̤㳤Ľپ
۵۹ߣڳ¥еξˣڳǽɱĵ۹ʿ
Ժ
Ҳˣ⿰ƿֲѪȡһĻ
طԲǧɣѪ续޷ʬ
⣬ֻѰһ֮ܡ
ѩһּӵܽԴǣĿࡣ
ǰҲ֪Լһλһ̤ϵŷ
һҹ֮䣬ɱϽǴ󶯵
ɱϾûۼʶҲǿ˺εȵز
ڣˡ
һ֮ŭй˼䣡
ξɫ㱣ʧء
֮ǰѰҪһ˽ǰʱţΪˡ
ڣֻһͷ
⻹𣡣
Զĵ۹ʿѱűľɱɵĿһĻʱҲסˣĿһ
⣬Ѱһơ

Զ޴򶼱壬ּУһƬ
ɫص£ԥУ󣡡
䣡
޴󷽣ʮ˵ӰкצͺգɽѪֵľ٣С
ÿһӵʵֲޱߡ
ǳ֣ʱһѪɫС죬йһ졢ѪȵĴ
УŭţֳһǧɸߵѪɫӰأΰͣѪħɢϢ֮ʢضڲڡ
ɱ
ȡ
ǵɱﵣѪӰ󡱣ʮλֲ֣ܿޱߡ
ǳ˽پǿߣԵֿ
ԭڣ󼫲򵥣ʮͯͯŮɣ׭̵ĴԹͨѪڤа֮Իа
ϸܷ֣ǧɸߵѪɫӰÿһѪɫһͯģֻɫԵޱѪȡ
һضֳһֹѪɫԶ۹ʿһ־塣
̫а
ǡ
ξɫҲ֮䣬ҲЩõĴ󣬼֮ѪȺͲ̡
аħȫɱ
Ѱһ䣬ŭĿ⣬Ļῴа
䣡
ԶǧɸߵѪɫӰ̤նа񣬹Ѫɫ˳кҪضû
֮ȣֻаɸߵĳ¥ԵüС·һ̾ͻᱻǹѪ⸲û
ͣ
ڴʱѰȻһ䣬ׯϣɢ粻ࡢķ⡣
̽һֻ֡
ؼ䣬ٿȻӿֳһӲȼŷؼŹ
ǧϰٵ޾ĻҪ
⣬ǴؼžеĴطŭҵ
¡¡
УɽӣͼѪɫȫٻ
һնǧѪɫӰҲһգûܳʩչͻĽٽƮ


1388 תǬ
ǧѪӰٿգ
Զʮ˸˱ƿʮλеѪɫС죬ͬһʱ䱬飡
䣡
ؼ䣬ƵаѪ֮ӵһա
ⲻܣ
ۼһĻ鶼ʧС
ѪӰɱ˽پǿߵĿֲ֮¡
ڣһͱ
˭
ֹԶʮλһ޴˿̶壬ڡ
ԭϼǣ۹ʡͽݣ޴ռݡ
ң֮ǰɹ
ڣΪһ˵ĳ֣ȴȻת
һطԲǧɣѪ续޷ʬ
ڶŭǬŹһ
ƣҲɴ˶ת
ʱټսϣΨзգ棡
¥֮ϣξ˽Դǣĳȡ
ʲô
û˿УǶ¥֮ǰһˣ
ǽ۹ʿҲ𺧡
һýˡ
Ѱ䣬Ժиֳ֮ǰ·ϼһĻĻ
Щֻ̱ӵĵ۹Щĵ۹ʿ䣬Щ̤Ƶɽӡټǳء
Ѱȷʵŭˡ
䣬ӰƿնӰ󷽣ǿ֮ϣɢѹĿֲѹ
һԣڴ֮۵ʳߣͳԦޣϢ
ʱѰټսϣƵ޴ԶܵһϢѹȡ
ҰУƿնѰһˣһͷܵǿӳ˼䣡
¡
أɲϢǣ°ɳʯ
ޣֻ񶼱ҽУ̱ڵɪɪ˲ֿͷ
Ϊǿһ̶֪ϢУɴû˵۹Уһˡ
죡ֹ

ԶʮλҲʶƲԥչһϢֲ졣
˭ƾѰɱȥ޴ذܣ
һ̣ʼƴһӲӵ磬˺գ̽צѰϮ

ͼѰܣ̽һֱֻۣһֻ޴Ƹո֣ա
赭д֮䣬Ӵ壬߬סɵþץסһöҶ
ã
ð͵ʶһʼԼʹˣ˵ʵֲ֮Ͳܹģ
֪
Ѱɫ
ָ
飡
λĽپǿڣ˿ȴһֻϰ㣬ѪƵк
޷ţԼֿ첻
ʲô
Զ¥ϣе۹ǿ߶Ŀࡣ
ǶԣѿǿֲޱߵĴڣǿò
ɴʱѰУ֮䣬ͱĨɱ
ȴ֪ǵĻٵĳǳءɽӣѰսȫ֣鷳
쳷
ԶĿĲ״ʮλֽŶĻ᲻һսٽȥҲǺˡ
ӣ
Ӱ
޴ױˡ
һˣѹһս޿ƥа̬κ
練ƻɱ
򣡡
Ѱ͵ط̽һʮ˸ӡƾո֣һɽ
飡
һӦͱӡҵ屬飬ޱȵĲҽС
ӡ٣ְ˷ļЩѰֵܵ
飡
ܼıؼ쳹ǰָ䣬ʮλȫɱ
ڵ۹УĴڡ
ʱʮλ䣬۹ǿǱ߶ѳ״ǡ
ɱɱ
߰ɱֶΣһĥӡΪЩ۹ǿһ䡣
ԶսѰȺĪС
ߣ
ЩϰޣѰùֻһߡ
Ǻ嫵˲ϯҰһͷͷ޵궼嶼ը
Ѫȡҽؼ
ѣּң
¥ϣܶξȻʵ
ѩ˵ͷ
λѵǡּ֮
ξʵ
ѩٴεͷ
ξѲˣ㱣ԭ
ѳ׶Է˭ˡ
һˣһҹ̤֮ϵŷɱʮŸŷ֮ͷ­䡣
һľ
ξ֪ܲ
Ҳ𵴣Ѱ˾Ѱֲáֲð
ֹǣѩһּӵܴ˿̶ҡҷѪţ޷ѡ
ΪǸǵļ

˵ʱʱ죬ʮλ󣬽ʮգۼ䣬һƴսĻ
ѰһˣѹƵ޴ɱػ谵޹⣡
ѰӰԶԶشսǱ߷ʱϵ£һƬţѻȸ
˶硢ȡ֮ɫѸûκԴܹǴ˿̵顣
ؼ䣬ֻʣž
һ죬ݵ۹ʷأּ֮Ѱϼ⣬һŭնһݿʮ޴һʡ֮ˮ֮У֮պգǬ

۹ϽǣʹǬԪ
£۹ʡ漱
һϢԻٳԾѺʹȺ֪ʱ䣬ǬԪһ궯ѹ֡
һʡ֮أҪ޴֮£
£̵۹ǰ֧Ԯ
󳼽ɣء
빺ߣԾѳĬƬ̣֧ԮҪ֧Ԯģּ֪֮ǰʡɱڣʡΣվƻתĿܡ
ȺԣһѰһˣʮ޴һĶ֣
ǲǣºεӢһλŮӣôὫϣѰһϣ
Ծûٽʲô䲼ּ⣬һ֧۹Ԯ̸ϸ۹ʡ
ڵҹϢʹ۹ʡΣ޴״ܣ
һֱǬԪеȴϢȺסԣѰһˣİ쵽ˣ
빺󷽣Ծаһͬʱɲδʲô
ΪͣҲ޷Щ֪һλ߽پߵʵжֲ
½磬ʥ˳֣ע˿Ѱ棡
޴Ŀڣ߰ǰĶѸû塣
죬ϽǺ䶯
Щ۹Űկɱᣬ޶Ϊ˵۹ĸ󻼡
һʱ䣬Ᵽƣ۹뼫ĶС
ѹڵ۹ͷľʯʳѰ硣
һսϢֱúأõ۹׾ͷˣΪ˶ܡ
֮һʤһɨ۹֮
Ѱ治Ǹ콵ɱǡ
Щŷпѡ
Ҽǵ̾ڵ۹ʡеĽԣҪѰΪūɣҲ֪ڼѰûС
ʹУԾſڰǰӨϣӯӯӨĴ߷һĨŹֵЦ⡣



1389 һն
սѰһܵξ¡صӭӡ
ֻǣѰ㵢ʱ䣬Ľ֪ϢĻѰ鷳ˡ
գѰѩּʮӵ͵۹ʿһ𣬲μɱж
޻鼰ʡһʤкܶսҪ
Щֻ轻۹͹ˡ
˽һЩϢ
Ѱҵξ飬ѯʡ
һֱ̾ǳɽ
ξ齫Լ˽Ϣһһ֮ѰһЩ޹ؽҪϢ
ڽݡʵξҲ
ԭڣЩＫ¶棬һֱڰƿ޴
ˣǰԣֹӸʡؽ
˵⣬ξһԥ
ؽʲô
Ѱʡ
Ϊū
ξһҧ˵ʵ顣
Ѱһ̲סЦˣͷ֪ˣҵҪкε˵˴󻰡
ǺУâһ
ʱ
Ѱѳǳ⡣
ʱֵ磬ؼȴټǳΪ棬ɼݹǺѪա
֮⣬һƬɽơ
ξ˵ɽؾ֮䣬Ǵһλǿ
Щ޻ƵɽٲȻΪЩ޵ĴӪ
۹ν˵أʧܸգ޷ɽһ
λ۹ǿߣѪڴˡ
ɴ˱֪ɽ֮¡
ܽ˵صһˣӦԽʡ˰ɡ
Ѱ̤գԶɽȥ
ţ
࿿
ɱ
ֻǻѰǸУͳһ֧һЩΣצس߳
ǵ۹򣬿ڣЩȴٲȻ续ΪԾӣ
ڵ۹УЩȶ쾳ǿߵѾǼ伬ֵΣյˣɶѰԣͲ
飡
ǵĹڰ;ͱѰɢϢĥ
ã
Щ޴󾪣ʶǿУҪӦֻһεĿֲѹֶ
һ̣ǵȫ촷ۣ
ѰգڣԶɽ
죡еϮ
ôĵӣĸ֪Ķǵĵ̣
һʱ䣬Уݷе޶׷ӳ
ȥͼӰ޵Ӱ
Ѱһ⣬Ҳᶨ˵˵صľģ
¡
Ѱһӣɢϯ䣬֮ɽը飬ľɻҡ
·;֮ϣޣֽ㱻˺飬Ѫ
⡭ֲ̫ˡ
Щ޼У²ѡ
죬һϣһҪֹ
ԶɽУһװĴȡ
ʱѰҰ֮Уһۣͼɽڣǵصĺƣ¡¡ӳ
飬ǧ򣬾ԴԴһ
̫ˣ
Ѱû뵽һɽ̾˶ޡ
磬úЩϰ
ͼ͵һһѣȴ̺㣬һ磬ѰС
նŤݡ
Щ޽Դ㵣һͷˮһҪʲô
ͼѰ͵̧ͷХ
֮
һХһƬĽɫŭˣ¡¡ըףѰΪģ˷ɢ
ңХԽԽһضƳܲסݡ
糱ˮǿߣݽƵģһƬһƬر飡
ɨҶưĨɱ
Хʱ˷һӰֻʣһصѪȺʹ꣡
أ类˺ֽţ
һХǬ
ಣ
ʱѰɽڡ
˵أȺ֣󣬲֪Ѱʶ޷̽
ÿһɽܣݷ飬ޣľ֣ӦоС
ͬʱҲ۰׹ɢɽʯ֮䣬ԶǱʳʬ
һЩʬ壬޵ʳڶǰŮ٣ÿ϶дž֡
˶ɣһƬѪħ
Щ꣬ж˲ڴˣ
Ѱâһ
ʼɱ¾ڡ
¡¡
֮أһһɽ嵹£һȺһȺ޲һɱһɶ
񷸩ɽڣһĺƣһɽ屻ݿ屬飡
ЩܾеޣӾͱĨ
Ƭ̡
Ѱֹ
صǽѪȡһĳ
ǰһɸߣͨɫʯѻɵĴɽΡۻ룬ͨŹ⣬ޱʥһ츣ذ㡣
ѰУɽ£ȴɷڣɢŨصѪаϢ
ɽ
ǽϳ
㲻ҪѰΪū𣬸ҷһ
ѰڣƽһǾף¡¡쳹ؼ䣬ƺƵ˷Ʊ
ɽϣһ󾪺ͼУ̾ɽϵޡ
ͬʱѰʶɢɽϸǡ
󣿡
Ѱüɽ£һּĽɽؼ
оͷ·ɽͲƬأڼңԶһС
ֲøö֮ռɽΪԭ̡
Ѱૡ
һָ̣һһǧɳĽһبؼ䡣
ն
һ̫֮ͨУУһâؽ԰
ɳϵǣնʱɽһ𶯣ͼڶ𣬾ǽһƻ⡣
޴࣬ƿɽֱ֪
ߣȴӱչ߳һɱ
࣬͵ɣ
ɽϣһһŪЦЩ޽ֻΪѰ޷ɽ롣
ѰûЩ
ӿâӴʶɽǣʼݡ
ɽ̸ǿ󣬵ȴһֹӳУŵסҵĹ
ܿ죬ѰͻȻֻüǣһɹѱӦ
ˣƴ˽ɱУ֪Դ
ѰһԸٵʱ䡣
ϣ
ӨѩĶӳƻá
ͬʱѰڳ߽پľ׷ڣӿ֮ڡ
һ˲ɢ貹âض̵ɽϵ۾
̫ʢˣ
ն
Ѱһڿն𣬹Юٲʥ꣬ݺն¡
䣡
һ춯صĺɽϸǵĽһն
ã
⡭ôܣ
˵ǲڴ˽ʥ˳֣˭Ʋģ
ֵļɽ
ǿ߶Ӧһնͷųɱ
Щ屬ֱӱ
һն


1390 
䣡
ɸߵɽھҡΣƳôɽ汻һֱѷ죬Ŀġ
Ѱȴü
ָܷɽ󺣣ڣȴ޷׻ٵɽ
ѰǣԼƬɽ֮һ·ƣɵĶε֮
ֱڣνġӰ
Եúܷ
ɽϣ޴УԾʧ룬һƬ
̵ĻɽҲѰһնƿѹյһݣǳ׵
ৣ
ѰûгɣӰգɽ
ɲĵתӲǺϯ֮أңʯ顣
·;ϵѰʶɨеޣʵǿһ˲ͱ촷ۣе
̶̼֮ѣɽѽȾŨصѪȣĲҽС
һЩɣҲ޼£ڰоͱը
һЩ޹ģ
Щ۹в֪ж޹İձɱ֪ٵĳǳر¾һա
Щ󣬿ɴ
Ѱɱ֮ڴ˿̣ȴɱᶨ
һյʱ䡣
ɽ£Է
ǺǵѪȺʬټɽ
ʱ򣬾ѵѾԣˣ
ѰüʶɽһֱڸӦֱҲûзκκͽйصϢ
ûӣȳ׻ϳ
Ѱ͵ڿնϵһٶӳͻ貣بǬ֮һ⣬ն¡
䣡
ɸߵɽΪ룬ɽб¡¡֮ڶôضҲ̳
ѰƾƮ裬һ㣬ǳɱ˵أݺᱼоǧһ·ն㣬ѪȾǬ
ǰ󣬲Ųһʱѡ
̾ڵ۹ʡеӪ̤ƽ
Ψһźûֽܷ
ϣ
ѰջضУ׼뿪ʱȻʲôĿ㣬ңңء
ɽѱٵأ𵴣̳
ѰĿУɽײȴڴ˿̸ֳһ̳
Ǽ̳ۣܲԼĪ߳߸ߣͨɹžɵĺʯˣκرĵط
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ֲøղŸӦԭһָʶĽ
Ѱâӿ
ӰƮȻ£Ǽ̳ǰһȷһ¡
ԭɽϵĽһ̳ΪȹǽԵüǿ
ţǣռİ塭
ûãѰһУһζݣ̳ϲһڿռ
ˣֻᴫ͵
ѰЩ⡣
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Ѱ֪ټĵ۹УҲֻе۹ʹ¹ѧԺȼطӵȴ
ڣɽ֮£ڽϳУһԵúܲ˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ɲʥˣҲͲ´
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ڣй֣֮ѵһޣǴӴһߵ紫͹ģ
һ뵽⣬ѰЩɲ
ҵҪвźεܡ
˼ãѰһҧ̤ǹϼ̨һӣһȵĵк¡
ˡ
ʱǹϵļ̳类ӳɢһĿռ䲨
һ̣ѰӰʧ

һ¿ռ䡣
ڡѹ֡
λãһ޴Ѫء
࡫
ѪطڣŨѪˮӿԼԼʡԹŭ˻ޱȡ
һӹڵأɫׯ࣬зˣǵƷʮ֮ͯѪʮͯŮ֮꣬ˣдǰʮʮ
ڽӶ棬һ޴УУ󣬲֪ͨδ
˵һ⣬ֻʹʹһš
¡
һӣѪˮУŨѪˮȻһȪһֹյС
ʱлתɢֲĿռռ䶼ѹ֡
ֱѪرգһתУԱʳѪڣĹ
ߣƷһβһΣ㻹ҵ룡
͵һϵ
ӻһ󼱣ˣò˶ãҾͽӭڰ˽٣޴˵עѡ˿ȫңԺұȫȫΪ޸ġƷ
ݵĳĬѪɫٶǱϵ˽֮Уʥ˶ѲڣǧѷĻᣬԴ㳤´ΣҪʮϵļƷ
ʮ
ĬĬһ£ʱһͷ󣬵һҧ˷ľˣ
ಣ
ѪɫУ͵ӳһ貵磬һٿȻ仯һӤȭͷСĵҩ
˵֮죬ͨ͸ӨܻһԼ侹ʥо
һӣӵÿޱȡ

ϡ֮䣬ӡԵ޼֮
лˣ
ߵףһ̽־ͳеĳץȥ

Ҳڴʱһֻ޳ӳһһųץС
ͬʱѰӰƾոֶ
֮ǰ̤ǹϼ̳֮󣬾͹سһռУҲһʱǽӡѪغеĳ֡
ѰԥʩչϢڣϢز
ţ
ɫ䣬ţ͵طȣ˭Ķ
һϢȻÿ񱩣Ӳӵģɢֲޱȵɷ

͵һȭ糱ն򱬣ɢ
ͼѰһӣɫϯ׾ͽһȭ
һʶԾǿ԰סеŭɫѣͻȻĵ̣͵߱Ķǲ̫ˣ
ǽɣ
Ѱʵһų

ͷɫ𺣬֪͸ﱾ³жңȰһٽеҩ򡭡
¡
˵꣬ѰѵȻڴϣ֣赭д
ͬʱϵϢ͵ɢڳ߽پԲزľһ˲绯һ
ֻһϣһɽѹƾƴصֿסǵȿֲѹȡ
壬ʼһ㱻ѹ

ĿѣŭͷȫԸ
գһ֮˫ϥԱ飬ͨһڵأôضһҡΡ
Ѱڱ䣬ŵϵĽǰûվ˵ʸ񣬶


1391 ŭ
ʹԵŤȴѰǿֲѹѹס
ףӲ磡
˭Ϊܹ
ɳƣϾԹɻ
㲻ǽҪΪūôҾǰȴʶˣ
Ѱɫƽ
㣬Ѱ
һɴ۾һ޷ŵӡ
֮ǰ֪۹ϽУһѰһ̤ϵŷʱҲо⣬ֻ
ڶġ
ȴû뵽һ˻ĵϣңʵ֮¡
֪һλ߽پ
ѰѹסֱӾͱѹ¹ýܲ
۹ʲôʱ򣬳һݽɫһ᣿
شһЩ⣬ҿʹЩ
Ѱ䡣
Ц磬ԥ
˵ʱ͵˻Уˣ֣˴ⲣ
䣡
ͼһУ͵ӳһֻѪɫ۶ɵĴ֣Ѱֶ
ǴѪתɢſɲޱȵаϢӵӳһֻħ֡
ѰһУӰˡ
ֻѪɫֵϢ֮죬һ˿գӵʥϵʵʩչһ
飡
ѰϣѪɫڰ;ʱٿȻһķ򣬺ݺĴǹڵصĽϡ
ɲǼ䣬嶼ı⣬һѪࡣ

͸Ȼ֮ɫδ䣬
ѰˣҲһݡ
ˣ
ԥ鹭ͱƿУȫϢһز
鹭ɱһαʥڣͿǷܶԿġ桱ˡ
˼ڴ˽оȻñһ̤۵;
һϵ
˭
Ѱü
ݣ㻹ʸ֪ԭǴ㽫Ĩģıˡ
Ǳ𣬡һᣬߵģΪЧͣʱΪıһʥ
Ѱ͵һЦҲһᣬģҿһЩ
˵ʱ鹭ѪĹұȻɢһյХ
ʱĬȥҲ֮ѹޱȡ
ţ
ѰܹܵһɾֲĹţļ¡
̤۵;ݵñͣΪЧ˵׼Ϊŵӣʥϵ;
ٶ𣬴һ˿֮ɫ
Ѱ΢΢һЦôͣΪһֱȴĪǱĳطˣ
Ѱϣ̹ȻܴҲмȴ֪޷ʮ֮ڣԴ⡮䣡
˶٣Ƿ֪Ϊδ˽˴ľ䣿ΪЩʥ˳ֹ֣һϯĻ
һɹƻĵܼ򵥣ǶԱϾȥһصĵطֽ٣ƾ˽Щǿߣ޷סһӵĲ
ѰƤһʧĴۺ͵ۺҲ߱Ѫ̩¹ѧԺԺˡ
ʮˣ۹б˺ƴ޻ȴһֱ֣Īǣ⡰桱ԣȥһصĵط
ʲôֽ٣ҲԱϾ
Щ飬㱾˵Ϳ϶Ҳܴ̽Ը㣬һؾ֮£еĸעҪƣ֮գ˽Եݷڱ£
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͵رͳ㲻֪ľܾ֤
˵꣬ͱѰϣ㲻ϻ̫һЩ
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Ѱڵͣ㲻˵Ҳڵһʱ佫ѹϧƫƫûôֻ֤һ¡
˵⣬䣬еڸûͻɱң
͵رɭȻޱȣ˵Ĳʮڣʱû𣿡
ѰڽƾԼͣע޷ʮҪƷҪ˰ѼƷǽӦþΪЧ֮һɡ
Ҳ²ⲻ۹ڳֵ£ЩΪЧΪѼƷŻΪʮڱɣ
Ĭˣþ
ѰȴԲʹ˰ݣ˵ǽЩһ򾡣ʮ֮ڣ㡭𣿡
Ц
͵أֻԵñޱȣƾһֻСӣ
㲻ţǱһԡ
Ѱɫƽ
ˡ
ٶֻǣ˵꣬Ѱչж

鹭˲ʱ䣬׼һεӶ
䣡
һյѪأȻը÷顣
ͬʱѪϿյУҲ͵ؾҡʼ
㡭һҼ̨
ױýꡢŭƥԹ޺һһ٣ʱãܣ
¡
ʱеУѺȻݣ
һܵ棬Ҳһ棬ㆪ£Ψֱ˲֪޷Ǳ̫ˣΪԼǵǰܣ
Ѱɫһ˿
ˣ϶ΪĻӰ졣
ᡣ
һʼͿνġ桱̸Ҳ֤һ㡣
һ޷ġ桱˼ɵѰ㳼ǲŽпЦ
ԭһֻɽס
ѰĿһƳǱڵصĽֳԭΣһͷʮɳСɽƵĽɫɽס
һӣͽԷʬת뿪˵ء
ˡ
ɽײѰӰһϼ̳߳
תһ̳üͷ΢壬۹ڣǱУֻ֮һ
Ҫֹǡ桱ͱʱڣЩһһ
Щ£ͻΪǡ桱ѼԽԽļƷӿĲ
˭뵽ЩΪ£ɱĿģֻΪ˾ȳġ桯
Ѱһ뵽ЩƷоӿ˵ɱ
ͯͯŮ֮Ѫ⡰桱ָԴаޱȵѪֶΣѰе䲻ʺ
һ죬Ѱһˣ̤ɽϳϤ桯֮أЯ顣



1392 
ϼǡ
һҵ۹սн٣Ŵ򿪣糱ˮĵ۹ʿ
սڶ̶һʮҵִΪϼǴһ֧ʮ˹ģľߴ
Уԭռ˵ֵϣҲһг۹ÿϽдϲϣ֮ɫ
ԺԲ뿪𣿡
һСŮͷʵ
ɵӣǵļң˭Ըⱳ磿
Ůڡ
ʲôб磿
㲻ţϣԺҲᶮζ̫ʹ
ĸŮ˽̸ʱϼ⣬Ӱ˷ء
֮ǰϼǱϮǱ磬̶ֻӡ
ڣǶѵ֪޴ܣϼǰȻϢԥѡ񷵻ء
Ϊǵļң
¥ϣϼξĿԶ糱ˮĵ۹ʿûڽͷβάϵųе
ԽԽİЯҴڷسУϵĻϲϣ֮ɫ
Īأξһᡣ
ǣסˣ
ǣȻͷϣ
һ뵽һǰϼǻݣ޴ռξһӿ
ֹӡҲ
ξп
˱˴˶ӣЦ
ûѾܶξʮŴ˸пˡ
͵أξһָųλãҪУΪֹһҪԺ˶ֹ֪ӣϼǣ
һ
һ׮ǷĴ¡
ǿ
ξĿһɨˣ˽ҡͷ
Ǿôˡ
ξϡ

ͬʱѩּʮӵܵӰԶⷵأϦ£ǽȾѪģΪǱ
ǣɱʱмǲ£
ƣҪĥһսɣѪɱɲ㿼ԥʱ䡣
ֶȣղŵսУֲȻȥһһЩ
·ϣѩڶ˽յıһһе
ǵ˽ĬĬš
һдһսĵá
ѩԸ
ǡ
˵ͷ
˲޾ɥʧ֮ɫѩ岻΢΢һЦ
գǰ⣬ɱԭЩǵ˻ֵúܲ
˭룬һɱЩӵֳܱļͺͶ־ѩ嶼е޲ѡ
ΪѪɱЩӵսҲ¶ȱݡ
ѩֻ֪ҪǲսĥЩȱݾͻԽԽ٣ǵʵ֮һδɱ䣡
ԻһżϹŴ޷ΪĶǿɾ͹˼һǻѪ
ѩа
ѩǻȻûע⵽Ƕ󷽣һֱһްӰš
С
ѰУһһֱڰбѩˡ
һȺСһ湻ĵġ
Сش˸ǷȻЩھ֮ˡ
ţ
ڴʱСȻ̧ͷԶ񷡣
һ޴ޱȵӰԶϼһƵɽ롣
ǣ
¥ϣξҲһС
һͷ޵ʬ塭
ɫ㱡
һ̣ϼУĵ۹ʿҲĿ⣬˹ȥ˾䡣
ֹӣ
ξ龪ϲˣſӴ֮ϣһͦεӰһϮ°ɫɰ㡣
ȻѰ
ֹӣ
Ҳܡ
ǰɱ޴һ˾һǵֹӣ

λϵ𣿡
Уӵǵ۹ʿѰգ˿̽ȡϲ֮ɫ
һ㹻˽⵽һսľҲ֪Ѱһ׳١
񣬼̤ʬ壬ն飬һӾ˳к䶯
䣡
ʬ׹أѰӰƮȻڳ¥ϣܵξ˵ӭӡ
ʲôǱǽ
֪Ǵɽʬ壬̾ʡ֮ʱξǽԴסޱȡ
Ųһ찡ͱˣ
׼ժ£ҳ¥֮ϣ֮Կǵ۹³
ѰڵѪ⣬ͽ⿣ֶʳ֮
ξ˺ȻӦŵ
ϣϼƮ磬Цﲻϡ
䵱֪Ѱһ˱̤ɽȫ޴һ˵̾ʡеĸʱ
ξ˶׿ϲ˷ܵЩ
ϢϼʱټĳǳҲ֮׺䶯۹ʿѰգҹɫѰ֡
ҹĻ续ͷȺ財
ѰһǽϣһԶɽӡ
Уһŵҩǳһϡ֮䣬޼֮屦ڶɽ١ѡʱŲɹĺô
ֻǣκγۺĵҩȴѰһ㱻ĥһƵĹ
ֱѰֻʣһѪâţëϸС
ʶ죬ܷ֣һƲ۵ѪâڣӡһطܶĽޱȡ
Ҿ֪˼ܻ˴ȵؽȵҩЩ£ԭȻǲġ
Ѱ䣬ķһѪâȻ䱻Ĩ
˵ϲɽʱô˵ǺԲˣ
ѰƲ⣬ôԼЩΪЧΪ޷ܹοЩԴﵽΪѼƷĿġ
ֻǣ澿˭ֱںδ
ѰƮʮؾ䣬۹޺У׾һ桱Ŀֲڡ
£۹ЩǷ֪
ˣ£
Сһ࣬ʵ
ҿҪ뿪һʱ䣬ȥʱĵطһȻ󣬱ȥطɱ
Ѱһʱ䣬Щּӵ߰ɣֻҪǳͺá
СһΣĵġ
ѰȻģȾ֮ʱԺĶˡ
Сһ˼⣬ʹӦ
ҹѰȻһ뿪Ԧۣʡٳȥ
ٳ⣬šǵ֮ء֮Ƶǧɽ
ʱѰǴǧɽƴ壬Ȼƴ˶ٳǡ
Ѱٷǵ꣬һλ߽ԲزľߣҼ١ѡ顣
ԣҪȥѰԼĹʱ㼣Уȥ̽ѰԼġ֮ۼ

ͬʱһϢҹɫɢ籩Ͻǣ۹򡭡
ʲô찡ţѰģ
һˣ˵˽ϳ̤ƽɽ
ҹɫУϽв֪ٴסˣЩϹﶼĿ࣬еһ˼
Ҫ֪ǰõʱ򣬲ŸմϢ˵Ѱһնʮλѹ޴ϼˮ֮С
ɲŲһʱ䣬ִϳ˵Ϣ˭ܽܵˣ



1393 ιʵ
ʯ쾪
˭뵽ҪѰΪūĽȴѰִʡĵһ죬ͱնɱ
̾ɽѰһ˵ʮ޴ԲɽҰ֮䡣
Ϣһף춯أΪ֮ڡ
ֹӡҲ̫ˣ
˵ͨˣǵ۹ŷԼִƴȨĽΪ֮
˵һǰʱѰһ̤ңնʮŸŷ֮ɵӰļºͼɵ
һս˼ܣ
ΪѰڰ۹һ˾˵۹ʡһĴӪ
̫ʹˣ
ʮ۹ƮҡҪЩѹô
ڣѰһսչ¶ķâʵõ۹Ϊ֮裬ü
۹ֹˣ֮գ
˴Ц鳩죬Щ۹֪ж޴Ű֮¡
ںˣѰǿƳ޴նɽһˣݿ㣬۹ʡһĸ󻼲ƽ
һЩɽľ󣬱޵Ӱ¼ܿʹ۹
Ǳƽһɽ˶סˣʬҰѪȾأĿǴꡣ
ϼĽͷ­ģ
Щǽţ˵ֹӳ֮ǲ֪ǻ¶𣿡
ʹ죡ұ޵ߣֹΪģɱ֮£Ϊ۹ı̫ƽ
۹֮УʢսϢ޵ܵȾѰĽ
Ӱȷ̫ˣһɨ۹ʮܵ۹ʿ񣬶ľƶΪ֮Ͳ١
۹ʹУԾѵ֪ʱּԵ۹ϴķּҽкͣ
˵ӻʹּҵʹ֮Щϵŷۺ켵ʲѡ
Դˣ˸ҷ飡
ԾҲģô˻ᣬٶ´ּ⣺־Ϊ۹ɱߣԿԻƽ
һʱ䣬۹𶯣޵ѪţͶսϣЧѰɱ
ϲˡ
߼ң̾Ƴһߵĳ߲üԳ棬ȥּһˣȡּܹ

߲ü㵣ҿɲ޸Ѱ
һЦãã۹֮г˾ѵ£˭Ѱ
˶٣ýʮ˰ɣȥּҿһһּҶķۣΪǻ棬ҲҪü޹ȥԳȫǳߡ֮á
߲üһ̾䲻ͬôҲ֪޷ı丸׵־Ϊ߼ıδһ˵Ҹ
Ӧô룬Ժּܼң˵׼˾ʹ˻óײͬ
һ
ͬʱϽǻΡ롢лȵϵŷУҲͿǸּϹϵ
ɣֱЧֶΡ
ͷ۵ǣּƣӦ

£ͬҲȻ󲨡
νһλ䣬ֱסߣǸܵв嶼һ󷢺
ǳ߽پĺݽɫһСĽȴֵСӻɱֱ̫ˡ
һΣյ뽫䵱ͷȴжԴ
һ飬ѰʲôΪǰ˵۹л˾ĺݲӡ
ܿ죬ѰһЩϾͳڸǰоʹĦ˽Ը񡢱ԡΪ;
һܹɱֵκδӡ
Ѱһ㣬һˣɱһ֧̫ѪͿ£
۹֮Уһˣ
ۼ۹꣬㽫ֱȴһѰ
ҲʼעоѰһϢһǱڵľ޴вԴ
۹ϲ״ڣһͨڣݲʯ᾵ɽ
ɽڷ硱ؾЩһֱʵΪصġռݣ
ۣǱеĵӣֻ֪һʥżܽѰɱˣ֤֮գʥ
һУںڷɽڣǱϵصݡ
ڱĬš
һϮۣӰģĺУӶڣɢһء˵Ϣ
ĵǲһȥԸѰ㻹ʲôĵģ˵޷
Ĭã˵ʦ𣬵ϾҪӭʥˣڴڼ¶ˡ
ҪԼʥ
Щ⡣
Щ˽ؾ䣬಻˼׺ˣһֱڹشƣԳʥһա
ƽϲ
Ҫæ
ʵ
ʦ𣬵ʥ֮·Լ˸ܰæĺ⣬ˡ
Ȼ
Ǻǣ־
Цֻȴһ˿ζֻǣˣޱĽ죿
ʦĴӱҲ
ֵ
ߣһ䣬Ѱɱɱ
ѱõĮɭȻ֮
Ĭãʦ𣬵ҳʥ֮ԻὫӵͷ­Σ
Ҫãʡ
ˡ
һ૵Ѿܵһ˿ƾףò˶ˡ
ãҲ㣬͵Ϣˡ
˵⣬Ϣʧ
ңʱҵ㱻½䣬һֱ̡
ĬĬãһ̾ת߳ؾ
ڷɽֶۣԶɽӣԺѰ֡

зʱѰ˶ٳ⡣
ԶȺɽããۣ£һľ״
ֻǣȥ˷ǡ
ټĶٳǣΪ棬Ѱٲһ˿־
Ѱǵã˳ǣҲʱ԰ҹʥõŮߡ
򱻰Ž߱ѪӪС
ȥδ飬ѰҲһ̾Щ̫鷢˱仯
Ѱüͷһ壬ӥţӦѾ֪ϢΪ֣
ѵӥѲɣ
죬ѰҡҡͷԶǧɽȥ
ƴ塣
ϱڲԫ˥ѻߡ
һ죬ѰˣǳҰݵ˵һƴʱ龰ЩӶĴ񣬲һЦ
ʱԼֻһѧͽ񣬲ֹԼ˷ȫͬɱ䡣
ƴǨϴķϣЩӹúܲһЩӵܣ̤е;Ϊϴķּҵм
һ룬껨ƣ˲ͬ
Ѱƣһ߻Ź£һڻĴУգŲͣԼסһСԺǰ
꣬ԴСԺУͨؾӶ׸ıˣ
ֻǣ͵Ѱ׼Ŷʱüͷһ塣


1394 껰

ͥԺưܣǰʯ϶̦ͰǽͷϣҰݴ
ɴʱѰȴȻһУĿⶢһȽյĲţȴһĨɡ
ͥԺܣһĽ
ۣܲȴΧȫϣʯϵ̦ǽͷϵҰݣۼһо󣬶ѻֽһ֡
֮Ѱ̦ҰݡšǽͷԿɳƵһƣ
⡭˭µģ
ѰʶɢɲǼ串ƴ塣
Ƭ̺ڶ϶ׯΨԼסƾͥԺĽ
ѰЩɲ
һʱ䣬ͥԺǰþ޷
һֻǣ˭ΪѰʲô
Ѱɫ𲻶
գһ̽һֻ֣ǽյĴš
֨ѽ
ѳ¾ɰ߲Ĵűƿ
ˡ
ҲͬʱͥԺܣʯǰ̦ۼٵǽͷϵҰݣȻһ첨
ʱѰǰһֳһĻĻ½Ļ棬·ʱһӻݵ˶ǰ
һ磬ϦԶɽ֮ɢԡ
һӰݵߣԶͥԺǰڱƬ̣ЦЦŶ롣
Ѱʲô߽Ѱסķ䣬ѰùİǰĬá
ͥԺУһɫĴ£ӭϦͥԺ
ʱѰͬǣʯľһ̺ؼ
ͷңݺᣬӰ񣬾ɫ꣬Ŀдѱ
Ѱ̫Ϥˡ
Ϊǽ¹¹£
¹Ȼû
Ѱ˫ȭԽ߬ľӿ
꣬뿪ǿɽʱۿһֻɫֳ֣ݺĴ¡
Ҳ¹ǽŭɫ
ʱѰΪǴһ¹
¹û

ѰһŬԼƽϸȥ
֪ǰһĻĻһֱӡġӡʱݣľ
ʱ¹óһڵ뺣һɢĹƮһƹλðĹꡣ
󣬾˵һĻˡ
֮ϣʼֳһĻĻ棬ȻʱѰͥԺӵһĻĻ
ϰơǡϴɨȵȻ桭
¹ǣؿ֮ϸֳһĻĻǿݵϣҲʱϲʱüʱ˸Сʱá
ʱѰҲǸӲѣû뵽һڵ뺣ԼʱͥԺеĺۼһһ˳
ɣһı
ã뺹󰵵һĻĻĻҲʧ
ããá
¹ѹֲסĵૣС㿴Сѳ󣬿϶ܸ˵ġ
У͸˵ĸ˺ο
ѰһᣬĪʱ¹һĻĻ
ͨؾܣˣǴԨѪ±ߣҲĻᣡ
ͥԺе¹Ҳ֪ʲô͵شЦֻҪСѪϣ¹ˣҲ޺
Ѱ𶯣Ц¹һη֣һƢ屩¹οϲáʱ
Ҳڸȷ¹еС㣬ȻԼĸ૑
ӡ֤ԼһƲ⣬¹Ȼĸ૑ߵһػ߰Ľɫ
䣡
ֻǣѰټʱǰĻȻһ䡣
һͥԺ¹Ѫݵɫɷ͸綼飬ϣӡһ˺ۣƤ׹֡ģҵ˲Ŀá
ǰȴһɫӰ
ǷһŮӣӰ޳Լ֫һ˿ٵɫ䡣
һɫսìϷɢһɳϢһڸ
ƾѰŬ޷ģֻܿıӰ
ɼһӰһبǵǵѰһֻߴĸо
Ӱ񷣡
¹£֪
ϷŮӿڣöȴ
¹һɫƽ¹ȥǾȻģСһϾɱϧվһСѾˡ
૑ֻҪţҪץȥģֳ̤۾ҲȻͽվͽ綼ҪΪԼµۡ
ϷŮɺ
ͽ
¹ɫȻñ䣬飬֪٣ҲҸС㶨
ҴǺģֻ֪ұµһͽ㹻ˡ
ϷŮӵڴ֮ǰңͨؾ
¹ºȻ¶һĨЦֲ¹ȥˣģԭڵ˱ֻܸ㣬ⱲҲٲܵõ˱
ϷŮһĬ˵Ѿʸƿ֮ͨţ
¹ѵû㣬ʸƿŵģΨСһĵմ
ܣ૑뿪ʱѱٵѪ¾µҲϲָܻҲעƿ֮ͨš
ֳʱ̤ʥ֮Ѵʧƿһ֮ͨŵĻᡣ
ϷŮ˵⣬ʶʲô͵ɢһɿֲޱߵƣһͷϷòᡭ૑ӵã
¹ɫԵƽˣ㻹̫С㵱긺ˣӶ˽磬ʹµĳУֱʮǰŴӳѹϧʱʧȥһЩ䡭
˵⣬¹ü両ֳһĨ˸С
죬Ȼһ¶һܵЦݣڤڤעСʧȥһЩ䣬ڴ˽Уȴӵһ̳Ѫ츳ĺ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣԵЩ񣬹Ц
ⱲӶ뵽漣ŰɣԺǸ̤ǿգѰʱǡȫҪΪԼиۣ
һһ٣͸ޱȵĿ⡣
һҵǸӣ
ϷŮ
¹¶һĨڽЦݣûлˣֻٵɽʱעⱲҲҲˡ
ɫһ㱣૵˵ѹȥܶˣƾǺӵ츳ĻӦ̤˰ɣʱÿ졭
δʥվϣʥǿչŵҲûʲôʵڿһӶѣͨؾʲôˡ
ϷŮʼնֻ˵̫ˡ
¹µȻϣվûϣҪã֪СΪǺֽʲô
ȻشԹԵһ֣ѰСҶţһ죬Ѱҵ࣡


1395 
ࣿ
ϷŮĮȻǣ૑ͨؾ¹ǰס
¹Цɫ価Ǽӻһ죬ûͨؾҲվĲ޵Уעᱻڸǣˮʯ֮ʱ
ϣ
ϷŮӱһɫսìٿȻӳһزõɫգɢֲɱ
૑Լȫˣáˮʯʱ򣿡
ǴԼӰϣɱ
ҪҪ֣
¹µҼȻڴˣһ־𣿡
˵ʱָȻֳһöĽɫҶӣĥɣǷܵҶ֮켣
һƬԴ֮Ҷ
͵أϷŮӳԾ֮ǰһֱԵúɴʱȴЩţǾŭ
䣡
ԥˣɫսìӳâ磬һֱҪǬƣ
ȴ¹ЦһָĽɫҶٿȻ
ˡ
ҶٿȻ֮䣬绯һתϢ
󡪡
䣡
ѰֻǰȻըããһƬʲôҲˡ
ɫ粻
֮ǰһĻĻѰʶ¹£Լĸ૑ŲΪ֪ܣ
һʼĬĬ˼⡣
ǰ૑ˣԴѪ٣Яͨؾ룬ǿչŵ½С
૑Ϊ̫أµĳУֱʮǰѹȴʧȥ䡭
¹µ˵
ѰƲ⣬ʧȥĸ૑ʼڵ۹еμӵ۹ԣԵ۹Եһν¹ѧԺȻ͸ľʶ
ֱּѪȲҰ֮ĸ૑ٶʧ
¹ȻҲǵĸ૑һǿչŵ½С
Ϊػ߰Ľɫһֱڰж૑б
ڵּѪȲҰʱ¹֣еԼߣڽʮУһɽС
ԣ
뵽⣬Ѱ¹ºϷŮӵĽ̸Уᵽĸ૑ġֳ
ȷ˵ڵʱ䡰ֳӵʥʵڵִ˽УֻѳΪһλ۾ڣ
ϷŮ˵ĸ׵Ѫ٣޷ƿ֮ͨţͬʱֳΪΪԵʣʧƿһ֮ͨŵʸ񡭡
ƶϣĸ׵ֳҲӦӵкһıԴŶԣѵ
뵽⣬ѰԺһ绮һˡ
Ӱΰ񣬿ǿ֮һſǳը顭
գһӰͣУΪǰ޵;տҲǰ·
˱ʧꡢįһ̾
ǬΪ֣ӹŽΪɴΪףΪӣġ
ɵͷվˡ
У޾Ĳʺŭ
·Ѷϣȥη
͵أͦͫбֲԣΰӰȼհ㣬
Ǿ͡
֮Ͼ֮·
ָ֮꣬ǰϣ
Ȼ˻⣬һƬտҲĴУҲˡ
һĻĻ棬Ѱ۵ƻϣɽ֮زʱ
ڲ֮ɽǰ庣ǰѰ֪һ״Ӱǡսۡ
һλĵ۾
ɴʱ
ѰȴһƵͷսܱۡĸ૑ֳ
ҲԼľ˾ˣ
һƿȻҲӵдԨ츳¹˵Ѫ츳ֻĸһӵеġ
Ѱ崣ɫ𲻶
޷ƽ
ֻǣĸǾǱ˭׷ɱ
Ѱ
ȷǣĸ૑¹ڴ˽磬ǿչŵ˰ĳط
ҲȷΪͨؾĴڣĸܵһ׷ɱ
һ׷ɱѾ£ԷԲݡ
ɴ˿ɼЩ˶ԣͨؾǺε֮Ҫ
Ʋ⣬ٵɽֻ֣ҲЩеһ
ѰȻƶϳ࣬ȴ֣֪ЩȴԽԽɻ֡
磬ĸ૑Ǿ
Щ˭
ͨؾУֲźεȾܣõ񶼲ģ
ĸ૑أڵּѪȲҰ͸ľûȥȥ
ΪΡ¹ԼЩܣ
ǵԼ֪󣬻ܲס
һɻѰһþ޷
Ѱû뵽⾹ĸ֣¹˵ҪԼԺȥѰһеʹ𣿡
Ѱૡ
ͥԺУĲҡҷ鲼ԭͥԺܵʧˡ
ĺɫ
ĬõѰ߽ԼסͥԺ
֪ǰЩʱ¹֪ԼһЩ飬ο͸ˡ
Ҳ֪ͥԺϷŮӳ֣¹һԾ
󾿾ʲôѰȴ
¹һɫ£ĬĬ¡
ҹĻܿ콵٣ǳ貣Ĺ⣬ƴһ㾲׵ķΧС
ԣ¹һţ
͵أѰһһ¡
Լ֮ǰִʱͥԺܸһĽ
ҲʱݵǰԼ¹ϷŮӶŵһĻĻ
Կ϶ǣ¹£ΪľܹгһգԼ
֮ˣֻҲ벻һѱСȽƣ
¹ںϷŮӶԾȥɿܻһƣ
¹šĸǡ϶ҲڵȴԼѰٵ࡭
ѰԭЩ͵رޱȼᶨ
ǿչŵ
гһգһҪȥһģ
ϣѰһɫ£ĬĬһҹ
ֱɫתȥ
䣡
ѻķ϶̵꣬ƴ壬֮𣬻̳
ֻǣߵһƬϵɭָʱѰٿȻ㣬Ȼһ¡
꣬Ƭɭڱһʿ׷ɱ
ಡ
Ѱһ˼⣬̧߽ɭ
ֻǣʧǣȥɭûκκۼ
ôֵģĸ˭Ϊֻᱻһʿ׷ɱ
Ѱ뵽⣬סһЦ
ЩΪѰԼܣѾۣ϶ԣҪء
꣬ƾճֵһ޸ĸһˣֵǣֻԸԼߡ
ĪأѰǰ˵һ仰
ѰסҵССֻһˡ
뵽⣬Ѱвһ̾Ҳ֪СѾͷ񾿾ˡ
Ƭ̺
ٳ⣬ѰƾֿһǧɽȻƿշҡȥ
̡
ǰ


1396 
ϼǡ
ѩؿѰôͻˣ
ѰȥŲʱѡ
ѰһʵڻûгӥϢ
ѩҡͷܶδǱߣһֱڲӥϢҲûȻ
Ѱüûٶ˵ʲô
ˣδʱһЩ鱨
ѩ彫һóݸѰɣΪɱ飬ڵ۹ڿַˡһЩ׷ţҪ
ѰЦô
ѩΪѵԼɡ
ѰһʱüëһЦ׼ȥɱЩû뵽ǷȽаˡ
һεɱɢѩһϣ˸ʶֻҪɱˣ

ѰҲԶˣҿܱQ죡
һ̾ڵ۹ʡУһΪĴЦ
ڵ۹жʱ
Ѱǰò̤ɽƺε֮ʢʱ򣬾ƣȻ˲졣
һΪĴõȻ˵󻰣ֱǻˣ
͵ĻɫͶģĻš
۹߷׷׷Ϊȫ
Щ̸вѿ۹֮жѰǼĵģԵĻﱧ֮Աǵ̬ȡ
ǺǣٵȱϯѰʱϣЩ޴໹Ц
ûã׷ʱ۹еһ䣬޵߿ʼеɡ
׷ǵ۹ǿʮ֮һʮڰ׷еĵ۹ǿѳʮ֮࣡
ţ׷ı壬Ϲ֣츳ֲڵ۹鱨УΪΣյĵ֮һ
£׷ǿӲ̬ҪѰ˲ģ
λպյѰӺ;棬۹գʼغѹ
̾ڵ۹Įеġǳ򵥣Ѱ𣡡
̾μˮʡеġīɱ죬Ѱʱȵ۹͵űѪϴɣ
һʱ䣬·ͻ䣬ΪһǿƷ۹֮𶯣ز
磬ʶһѰͽ٣
鷳ˣֹӼǿ󣬿˫ȭѵ֣ôϣǰ
һЩ۹߰̾
ȻΪֹնɱһ£ѾЩᵽвǽֹ˲Ŀꡣ
ȷֹʢЩ϶ʳֹһˣǵ۹ԣɾһޱȵĴ
ټĵ۹УЩϢ
ڻʹУԾҲòټȺӦһ粨
ЩֱⱣҵ۹֮ڣצҵ۹𣿡
ǬԪϣ˷߿۹ȫЩһս
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£Ϸ黹ûصǰز硭ٹ
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ž
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ʱȺ죬Ϊ֮һࡣ
һȺвѣʧ˷ִ磬ţȥ˳Ц
Ծ䣬쳹ȺԵͷѡ
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Ծٶԣȥ
ڵ죬ѰӵһԵ۹ʹԾдż㣬ֻһ仰
ħˣǷҪСŮӰæ
Ѱǲײس鴤һ£û뵽ֻһЩĽѣԾѶʼԼˡ
СŮţĿԴǡ
Ѱ˼ͻһţͬһ仰
ЩѰ𣬺ԶЦô磬ĶһԸңϧעʧ
ಣ
ڵ죬Ѱ˺ۣ뿪˵۹ʡ
ЩΪѼԴԴϵġƷ
ԭѰѴע⣬ҪЩצһһʮϣ
ڣЩˣֵ·зѰ»
ৣ
УѰģһֶһϸĵ۹ͼ
Ƭ̣ѰһԼĿꡣ
౱ʡɽ̾Ű˴һ£Ϊ
ǽҲѶãй֮á
ѰϢУҲԣҪԼÿ
ϣ̫ʧˡ
Ѱâһ򣬺һĨ⣬ٿȻʧããؼ䡣

౱ʡ
ʡһ֮޻ƵǷ죬ĳ
ǳضΪ棬۹פڴ˵Ĵ춼ںЩĴŰս
Ѫǡ
ǰһģƴսڴ˳б۹ܣô˳ǱݣΪ档
ֻǣڽȴһ֧ԼĪ߰˵߶飬ڳС
Ϊ׵ģһӰ޳ݼӡ
Ҵ̽Ϣھ˳ǲԶһϿУ̾һǺʮ֮һġѪʵС
ӳڡ
ЩŮģᣬϢԵü⺷ɢѪϢǾþɳ֡
Ŀ⿴Ϊ׵ʱԻٴһַĵľηء
ȫǾڴ˵ذɣѪһԸ㹻ˡ
´
ˣ
Щ߽Դ󼱣ѪʵǿӵһȥðգɱУҲǡ
ǿӴ˾٣̫ðʧͼˣȫһƴļơ
ӻ˻ֹ֣ס˿ڣĿ⿴ΪѪǣü䷺һĨ˵ıͺ⡣
ǲڴ˳гģҵĸĸֵܡˡǰЩѶ˳ܲ
˵ʱۿˣ޵ݿҧ顣
Щ߽Դס֪ԭлԵɡ
ǻᣬԺкܳ·ҪߣҵģһսԼ
һɫѱüᶨޱȡ
ǵǾ仰׻߱Ѫܣ۹ս棡֮ע򲻰ǵ۹ǣԺעսɱ𣬳Ϊ۹Ķ
˵գж͵ƲʲôȻ̧ͷ
ͼһұ֪ʱѳ֮ϣڴͷ֮ϣһӰĿ⿴



1397 ݲӵĺ
ӻһеѣͷȻ
һλڣֻһĿѣһֲ֮ӵѹ֮С
ݲӣ
һһԷϵԼ
ಣ
ڴʱһӰ𱦴ƮȻ䣬ǰ
㣡
ͫһϳԷݣһʱסԺУ鲻Խʱ߱ѪӪĳ
Ȼûϴþòˡ
һӰѰҲû뵽ĳǳУԷ
Ѱ߱ѪӪĵһ죬䵽ʮźӪС̹¡
ҲڵʱѰʶɡʯСҶСߡڤϬˡ
ݲӵʱҲʮźӪصѧԱֻǺѰϵ̸ϺãһֱڰĦ
ЩȥˣЩССֵپѳΪһֻ䡣
㡭
ݲ¶һĨϲ֮ɫҲѷܹ꣬ѰҲ˲ѡ

Ѱʵ˵ʱĿһɨݲߵһŮ̾ͲЩŮϽһֶصϢ߱ѪӪ
Ȼɱ
ݲ˵ţΪѰܵ㿴Щǰ߱ѪӪѧԱǵ꣬ǵ츳Ҫǿϲ١
ѰȻ߱ѪӪְ
ݲӵ˵ͷЦŤͷЩŮ˵ΪǽܣλǴϴķ֮ѰǴŶ֪꣬߱ѪӪп˳ɼһλѧԱ
Ѱ
ЩŮһһ¶Ƴȵɫ
ѰٲȻǵ۹зâʢһλһ㣬ɿܲʶ
ֻǣȴû뵽ԼĽ̹٣Ѱѣ
ǽԸе⡣
Ҫ֪ǰʱݲӿɴû˵λ۹ֹӻˡ
ǰ
ЩŮ
ЩС͵°ɡ
ѰЦЦһӣÿһǰԸֳһƿҩһӡűС
⡭
ЩŮԥĿ⿴ݲӡ
ݲЦ¾£ʲôûˡ
ЩŮһһѰ
һ鿴һԷĶд⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ѰǵҩǱǶԣԿǼֵǵĹ屦
лǰ
ЩŮٶлɫ価Ǹмϲá
ǰˣһûôϡ
ѰһЦ
ݲӴЦƺ޹أݡʵйأϾڿ޵ֻϹඡ
ҲЦˣжһָоλ紫ǰ˵ǰˡ
˲ţϵŷǱһ̤ơ
ߣҸطһߺȾһ졣
Ѱ顣
ݲԥһ£ҡͷ´ΰɡ
ѰһһݲӵЩԾʵʲô鷳ˣ
ݲһû뵽Ѱ۾˶æЦһС¶ѡ
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ǰѪǿڶ࣬һȥƴ̫Σˡ
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ݲɫһӵ飬Ҫ죿վ
һȣЩŮɫȴڽ֮ɫ
ԱߣѰһп۵ףѴȻüݲӣǿһ߱ѪӪ߳ѣȴĪǲѰˣ
ݲɫò̾ΪѣҲŲһ鷳У
Ѱü鷳ͱ컹󣿡
ݲӿЦǵڡ
ǰ̹ٵĸĸѡ˶Щ޺ˣҪȥѪ𣡡
Ǻ׳̲ס˵Ҳˣǳرˣ̹ٱļ壬ԭڴ˳С
ѰʱˣݲӼ򣺡˳ȻҪȴ¡
ݲһѪǺʮ֮һ֣Ʊػ˱ϡ
֪۹УһԻ㲻£ȷ粨У
һЩŮҲɫ䡣
ͬҲ˵죬۹һǿӲ̬ҪɱѰֵ¶ð
ݲӵĵǣѰдѣҲᶨ˰ݲӵľġ
֪Ϊλ
ѰЦʣ䡣
ݲһԾѵҪ
Ѱ˵ͷ

Ѫ⣬һƬɽͣɽһ׵ϿȣԴɼҸء
ֻڣϿȴ̾ޣһĿ
СǶҪˣʲôʱٳȥɱһЩ
һͷĿǺɫۼ׵ޣεʵ
ѪһŻϣɱˣҪһЩ˵ҪﱸеȥԸһѰࡣ
һϮۣɫҰף촽ɺѪͫʹıɫԵޱȡ
ߣֻƱɴŮߣΪ䴷š
ŮǱ²ģģΪֻɫľҲǿնޱȡ
ˣɱˣ
͵أϿһֻޱȵļС
Ѫһ̲סЦ˹գȥȥȥ㲻Ƕ𣬴ЩȥɱЩ֪Ķ
ϣ
ԱͷĿ޵ϲضȥ
ûãԶԶִһ̴ֻУˣȫˣȫˡ
䣡
ӵĴһ춯صıټϿȶ
Ѫ͵شһߣɫһȺ
ȷǷ
ڴʱϿϿһȻ
ѪȻ̧ͷͼԶУƾһȺӰΪ׵һ忡ˡ

Ѫɫˡ
飡
һ߳ԱߵŮֱӱ壬档
ۼĻݲӵһѰâһѪ
Ѫ¶һĨЦȻ֪Ǳˣ㵨ӲС
ɱ
͵أݲվ۾죬ɱ
ѪǣǱѪ޴ƣݲڵļѣҲǲǴι֮
䣡
û£ݲѱһɫǹһ磬ɱȥ
һССٶûɹһΣȻ
ѪЦɫ価ɭȻͲм
̽һư
һѪɫӡۣɷӿն飬ɲޱߡ
Ѫţپһƾ֪޴࣡


1398 ħѪ
ֻǣһưѪȴоһһɿֲޱߵѹϡ
һƵҲ֮Ȼ
ۣ
ʱݲһǹ׻һǹ磬Ѫʱ̳һ
㡭
ѪʱŭǾ壬һɿֲѹɽһֱѹɽ޷ֿ
ҲˣսȫѹƣĿܻᱻˣ
ৣ
ǹӰزõɫ磬续㱻˺ѿŭеݲӾˡ
ۣ
̶ɲǼ䣬Ѫϣͱ̳һѪڴСѪɽʡ
ҽУȻǱܶС
ֻƾѹţսǼһʵжֲ
Ѫʶ˲
ηݲӣηԶƾѰ
ӣӣ
ѪƴȫתϢ׷ˡ
עͽ͡
ƾƴǿֲѹһŲƵɽѹҪ
ѰЩ߱ѪӪѧԱԴסԡ
֮ϣϿз鱻Ǿ۵ףֻȴ󣬴ʵֲޱߵѪԵСڽ̹ǰǺ޻֮
ͬʱҲע⵽Ͽеޣһ޲ڵأɪɪ˵ȥѪûС
϶ǰˣ
ЩŮԼͬƲ⣬ҶԴŲɡ
Ϊȷ˼ֶΣҲֻǴ˵йڸֹӲܰ쵽
ۣ
գѪɵڵأɫ価ǲʡŭȻ֮ɫ
ʼգ类ճеĳӣѡ
ֱ̫ˣ

ݲӴڴϢɫȴ޴ñϲá
˵ȷˣЩȴ޷ˣʲôϲÿԣ
лˣ
ݲĿ⿴ԶѰŸм֮ɫ
֪ѰѹƣעѪĶ֡
߰ɡ
ѰЦЦ
һת뿪Ͽȡ
뿪ԭڵصЩޣϢرУһرʬ˲
òˬȥɽһ⣿
֮ϣѰʵ
ݲӳԾҪȥɱ
ѰЦкβɣ
ĸ֣ƽݲӺЩŮУȴ͸޾İ
ټĵ۹У˭Ѱ㣬Щ
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ѰĻشֻһ֡
ߡ

ɽ
죬ж
һɽϣڱ´
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Ц֪ǲһ˸Ѫɫᦣ޵ߵľѪƶɣÿһᦣҪĵʮ޵ߵľѪ
죬ѪɫᦵĿ붼˰ɣ㣬ʮƵ޵߱ɱ
Ѫ꾪
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һλ⣬оѾĻôȫǴСá
ˣֵСӸһˣԣӵг߽پս֮¡
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ɺӿɱңңԶôҲδѣǰ׼ѰգֻҪ֮أ
ͷһ˵ҷǰͲСˣ˵ڿǵ۹һЩƳͿãܽɱˣ۹Щֻ·ǳܲסɡ
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Ц
׼׵
ԶСǰ
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ˡ
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ûãһеʧ
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׷׳ףء
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ǼһǰЩŸһǣֻսƷ
Ц
ɾڴʱشһͷݣٽеˣѪȫˣ
һ仰Цݶʱ̡
˭ģ
һλ䡣
⻹𣿡
ߣµ۹УĸǸѰ˭Ŀŵҵĵף
ʲôĸ
Щһ
ʲôħѪڣѰԻὫΪһ̲ŧѪ
ЩЩķӦɨһۡ
ʱЩҲָƽԴεЦЦ
ԣСģעúѿ
һݣ׺ݡ
¡
ڴʱһ춯صĺԶһضƲһ¡
̧ۿȥ
ͼԶϣ֪ʱ𣬶һұ֮ϣһȺӰ
Ϊ˺ڷƮ裬ɰ
ȻѰ
ղһһڡħѪϲ
ѰĿɨӹɽһ۾ͿǧɽȫһͽϣϢˡѪȿֲ
ŨصѪԹɱ˶ˣŲаһ󣿡
üͷһ壬âӿԶĺǺ
ѰɣڱҲˡ
ڱһɰȻȻˣͱˣ
Щ⣬ҵȻ뿪
ѰȻ
ͬʱݲӵˣҿ˴̤ƽɽ
˵ʱ̤գƮҷɽǱȥ



1399 ٳû
ߣ֪
ߣɫŲм
ħѪ֮ǰѰĵִػɵ֣ڣͲѰѰ
Ѱһ¸ǿ
·㲻ߣȻձȫ㡣
ҲЦѡ
ټĹɽ£Щ޶ŴЦ޿֣ѰĿ綢ˡ
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ҶС㣬СӵĹ
ȳ⣬ȴһôЦԵü޼ɵš
Զݲӵ˼ˣüԤеЩԾ
Щ̫ˣ׼͵ѰͶ
̹٣ҪҪһǰ
˵ǡ
Ҳ׷׿ڣһ׼壬ǿɲ뿴Ѱȥ
ǶܿĶܿ𣿡
ݲӵĻشܼ򵥣ȴеĽźͽǻͲ١
ǰǰֶκǻۣɿܿһ㣿
ȻôȻգ
ĪΪһܻסǵ
ԶԶأѰֹ磬ڽ
֪ƷζǷ˵޴Ļ
Цһӡ
ˣ
֮ϣѪɫԲȻɢɺޱȵĹ⣬ǧɽ֮ϣѪɫڶ
һʱ䣬ؼɷӿħ˻ѪɫתӳֳʬɽѪ׹ǳɽħ޺ȵȿֲ
ͬһѪɫ䣡
ѰӰٿȻѣͱûУѪɫǣҲ
ݲӵ˼ѰģɵĿͻȻ䱬һĻʱһɫ䡣
ڹɽϣ͵һЦɱ˽ЩƮˣܹڴ֮£Ҳû㡣
Цд󶨡
֮ǰѰʱ˵ɵǼٵģϾη
ڣȴȻ֣Щʵһգ۶ѣԴļһͱڴУֱ̫ɣ
С̫𣿡
ɡ
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ˣĶɤۡ
ɫȣɣӻɱ֮˱ȻʹңԺʥҲָտɴ
Ҳڴš
䣡
͵أǴ֮Уҵĺ
һĻҰĻ棬ڹɽĿС
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⡭
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֮ǰУ˲ôȻʮƵ޵ߵľѪƣ
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ϧǶѰ裬ԲĵƽһħѪѣҲͬ裡
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ʱ䣬ս
Զȥֻܿһ貵ӰͬһУǹɽһѪȷ硣
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ԶĶɤ۵ݲӵˣѰʱֱòг
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ڣ۹Ϊ֮𶯣޵߻ȻΪѰǣʶء
ڻʹΪ²ð
˵Ļ̻̣¶ҲΪ
˶ڵǣѰλ˽ʱһ򾪱ޱȵϢβ𺳣
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۹ߣڻ׷ˡ
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Ѱǳ׻òͷˣ
ı㣬ҲˣѰǰֲ
ǵвδЧɹŭֵСӡ
Уһ䣬һϢ𵽡
ɱɱѰһˣҪΪУ
λʱ÷׼ˣѰ
ɱȥǣѰһˣܵסǹ۹ɣ
һЩŭ·ٶһ䣬۹ľҲš
һʱ䣬̾ڵ۹صʼٳû


1400 һ·ɱ˭ɵ
ǬԪ
Ծѵ֪޴Ϣ󣬵ּ
ֻһ仰
۹ɱ
޻ͷ
ѰȻǿӲطעʧ
һּ´۹ɱ
췢ɱޡ
طɱ½
˷ɱط
ټĵ۹ɼȺӵĵ۹ŸֹսûڲͬĽڡ
޵ߣҲʶƵı仯׷Էμӵɱ޵жС
ϽЩŷҲʼǲ
۹Ǹ߸ϵȨǹڵײѰգӲѵ³
ʶ޴ʼٽ۹Ҳʼȫ˭޷⡣

֪ЩϢʱѰѴǱݲӵˣ뿪˵۹౱ʡ˸ƹʡڡ
ЩҪԴַ۹б𡭡
Ѱâһ
ɱ࣡
ಣ
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ʱƹʡɽڡ
ĵ̡
ɱһȥǣѰһ۹룡
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ı壬һͷұţǿҰͰ
ɱɱɱ
޳Ⱥԣըףʮأɫ䡣
ȥһ޴ɽڣݺޣ顣
ֻǵȳͷƤ顣
ȥɣЩ࣬Ψɱ¾Ѫȣܹǿ־壬ʶԼǶСͲ

ۣ
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ͷ­Ҳ֮׷գǳªأԴһ;㵡
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ͷʬ׹ˮУһƬˮ
ԭԿС˻޴һ̶ͣһȻû뵽ոջ´ڵôһӾˡ
ţѻȸ
ԶѰɫĮۻӶ
ಣ
߰ٶʮ̫ӳ糱ˮݺύܻһͽ
ÿһ˸ļµľâ
һɲЩȴƵģʧ
Σ̫еֽ
ֱǡɱ󡱡ɱ󡱡ɱ󡱡
ʱѰãǴɱ߰ٶʮɣһɣɱΣ
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뿪۹ʡ̤һ̿ʼעѰܾʹ֡
ң۹֮ƣҲɲѰ֡

۹ʡ
޴ٽһ޴ǳصĵѰԶɱꡣ
޴Ȼɢʱĵ۹׷ɱһ·Ѫɺӡ

۹μˮʡ
֪ѰɱīһʱѡӶݣȴڰ;ϣѰסƤ
죬Ѱī֮⣬͵۹
˵п⡢ŵȵȷʢͣԹһζĵ۹ʿ׷ױʾⱲӳԹζʹһ٣ȴ
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۹Į֮أ̽ѰѰڴĮ֮£
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۹ϽǣǬԪ
۹ˮʡ
Ϣ쳹
ڰ빺󷽵ԾͷҲ̧֪ˡ
Ѿˡ
У۹ڣȺʮλ̾һѰɱҲ߽֮⡣
УľҲһЩֶβ̣
ʼԾҲеԾѡ
ڣҲϰˡ
Ծѿĵǣ۹֮ƣһƬãÿ춼нݱ
һЩݵĳǳغͽҲһһջأ
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£ֹһɵʦ˷ṦΰֱǰδУδţʵڲ֪ζֹӽнˡ
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뵽⣬ԾѺȻһ£¹µϢѼôˣ
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Ϣ㶼֪ٲ棬ȥԸѰһɾҪȫˣ
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Щʮ޲߳ƣպյĴһЩɫڵ۹ʮС
׷ȵȡ
ɴʱǽԵ磡
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˲ΨյĹŵӣغ͵͵
Щ¶档
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ЩԴ㵣ɫһû뵽ǿȴãȴһ仰
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üҪ˵ʲôͱ׷ϣֻҪʥɱѰ練ƣ
˵ţ׷һĿ⿴ԶǽյĶɫȻãǾٵ£



1401 һ
ʱƣ۹أչǿƷ
ɱ
۹أǳĽʿΧˣɱɽѪ޹⡣
Щ۹⻼Ʈҡÿжһ
ʳ۹򣬵һǣɱôݲʬֵۣŭ˺ޣԹص
ڣתˣ
Ѱһˣתս۹֮ڣһɵʦ޿ƥС
ŵ˵۹֮ת䣬Ѱһ죡
Ʋɵľ£ֳڽڰ˵ƣǷֱ
ţֻҪѰ֣ޱŷɥ

ʹ죡ʵ̫ʹˣ
۹ִֹ˭棿
񣬵۹۷䣬֮ߣѰ޲ŷĵ𾴺;塣
־Ƶı仯Ҳ𶯣Щַ֮صڵ֪ЩϢʱľ
Ѱ
һ˵񻰣һ·۳ң޿ƥС
һʱеʮ֮࣬еĿ
ȫ޷ͳƣ
һɱֲ֮Ĵ۹֮Уܲ
۹ڻǵֻ¾Ҫùˡ
Щǿ߽ʶѰǿƳ۹ľƶʼòͬˡ
ġ
񣬻ЩѰע
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۹֮أһӪС
һ߲һ𣬽ɫüһĨɫ
۹ʢ񲻿ɵƾʱںɱ۹ڡ
ǲı䣬Щ޸󣬵۹֮ؽȫָǣ
ô죿
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ѰԴֺ󣬵۹Ҳ֮仯ôʹӹŻ򷵻ˣ
ҧгݣߺ޲ѡ
ѽѰĵϸ̽һҲ֪Ҳ֮ǰŴӹŻзء
ʮ۹ʥǿ߽뿪ԭҵȴٽ۹ѻᣬڡƫƫܳһѰ
ӣֱ̫ɶ񣡡
һȺ߲࿪ڣйĵķŭ
һˣŤת˵۹ƣǶʼϲ
ˣڿɲǷɧʱ򡣡
͵أλϵһλ俪ڣ뷢ϡ裬̬ӣϴ˹׵ͼڡ
һλѾõһλݼΪ߳硣
ʱһѻȸ
֮Ҫǰ֣֣ƱҪһѰ
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ĬƬ̣ԺЩϵһ£ɳеߣһ𲼾֣ɱѰӣ
˵⣬ǻǵâһֻҪһ۹ͷͻ类
죬Уɳչһж

۹ˮʡ
һ޴ѵĺ֮ǰѰֹü
죬ҡͷʶ̾ڴ˺֮µһλԼִ֮ǰ֮زز
ԽԽɱˡ
Ѱ̾
ʱһ·նɱУ½¾ʮ
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ѰҲЩΣ˲ɵصԼɱȥ
ΨһѰοǣ۹֮ƣѻȻʣһƬá
ৣ
Ѱóϸ
ϣ¼ŵ۹ڸ޷ֲҲһЩϺ
ϴѱݿ壬֮Ҳ߰˰ˡ
Ѱע⵽һЩĺݽɫδ
λʮ֮еİ׷
磬Ϊغ͵͵ĺ
ҲζţƽڽڰˣԪˣЩһǱڵľ޴в
ͬʱںϣѰҲע⵽һ˼ĵط
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ʵȴӹɵǿ󣬾ݴӵгŽپΪʥ
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֮ϣѰ𣬽һֻľзеĹУһߵȴһ˼⡣
۹ڵͽһҪǱĳδ֪֮صġ桱
ˣȻٵ͵̣ԸԼɿܲӣ
뵽⣬Ѱó۹ͼĿ⿪ʼڵ۹ϲһС״󡱵Ѳ
״󣬳걻쫷׵֣Ǿ޴ˮУż˿µķϢ
ʮǰؾ䣬ڷ״ڳһĴɽͨڣݲڷɽ
̾С
Щ۹Ҳ޵ǰ״ͼҿǺɴ
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˳ǣЩǰ̽Ѱ޵߽԰ȻأδѣһЩڷ״յ޵ߣڰоȳͳ˷״
Ȼû˳ϣǺ֮١
ѰֵķٶȴԵú˼
һڵ۹ΪߡҲصȴӲɱЩڷ״е޵ߡ
Եúࡣ
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ЩǷȥѰ
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ζѰƷз࣬һƣƬ̾ͽһֻзԵøɸɾ
ѵа
Ѱ̾˿
ʱ䣬һ·ɱûɹˡ
ѰҲ֪һ׳Լע޷׷ɵġ
ڵ죬Ѱ뿪۹ϲʡȥ
ҪԼĲ²ǷΪ档

״
׷ԣں֮ϣԶ
ģ信һ꣬һϮۣʣһ˸һӵų˽پֲΪĴ
˵ѰµҲһɱ
׷Ȼʵ
££ʮλͬڴˣк𣿡
ˮ̽Դһͷ췢˿ˮƮɢһŮӣʤѩΰ͹Ըкˡ
ҡ
׷һĬ㵭Ȼ˵һʱе͹ӵȫһرɱˣһ޼ɵĺݽɫû顣
ü両ֳһĨ˵ܻ
׷ͷֻҪܲµǱȻѰϲܷŹܹһ˵Ļᣬԣһ


1402 ״
۹ϽǣǬԪ
һϢӱ֮ؼӼͻء
£ɳʮλӵ۹ϲǰߣԽҵ۹ߣǱ۹ڣ
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硣
Ϣ̹
ʮλһж˵Уһǿߣѽҵ۹
Ծüʶ̬Щء
񣬵۹ںսУȴƣ磬Ʋɵ
ԣȻǲϢ
ֻǣԾȴû뵽ķӦɳһǱ۹ڡ
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ʱԾѵӰʧڴ֮ããҹС
һεľƣ̫գжЩ̤ʵҪȥ״һ⣡

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һΣʮλһЯرжɱһѰӦ¡
֮ģǶѾˣʣµ飬Ϳˣ
һҹӪУǲɳƵ
ﶼһжɹ۹עܳޱȵĴʹв
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ֻҪܶ޿ֹռټĵ۹
֮ڶģ
һѰ

ಣ
һұ񷣬ҹɫзɳۡ
ѰڴͷڣǧѨ¯һһǧ̫
ʱУѰΪ䲻ͻƣȴ˳ǧ̫
ѾǳУ̫ܹﵽļز
ѰҪģǽâ۳⡢꣬飡

ѰһǧȺƵģѲõĻ
ͼЩʱɭȻ޵Ľʱʢ財ͻ͵Ľʱֻһֲһ񣬳ӯڡңζĽ󡭡
仯ǧ
ϧԵִ½󣬱δһɿ֮УҲ޷̽Ƚܡ
ѰЩź
½磬ص򣬿վ޷͹Żȣۺ;֮ˡ
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ġʥԼõս۵ĵܲɷֵĹϵ
ңΪ׶Ѷɹ٣ΪʱǲѵĿ顣
ΨһѰֵǣܲȷ塢;ͬ޵ġϵ١ʲôʱή١
۹ԣ½вܹҾ۳ʥԺҪȥѯһ¾ѣ뿪ʱǷ¹ʲô
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ӵ۹Ϣԭֲڵ۹ϲǿߣԷۡ
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ԶߵȻڣӰտȻɸʤꡣ
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꣬߳߱ѪӪѰʯ߱ѪӪ
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Զһ궯ʱǵĿ⡣
ͼԾŮװһϮۣԶڳ۹Գһ
ǿɶû뵽ԾѵݣԼٴ˵أ
Ѱû
Ծʡ
ûС
ҡͷ
ԾѰһã֪״ڣǲɱ˵̶ѨҲΪ
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Ҳ׷׿ڣ֪һҹ֮䣬Ϣɢ۹򣬶ѽĿ״󡣡
ԾѴǷһĨ⣺˿۹ڵԼֲڵ۹ֻ֮ҲڹעһݵĴսɣ
˽ԵͷǱȻġ
ʱһĺԶԶشǷ״дףأɫ䡣


1403 һ֮ѹȺ
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ǺͽһЩ޵ѪڣܵòѪ
˸ֶ̤ˮ
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ô˵ߣ
һÿһըףð˷Ʊʯ飬ˮӿ
Ϊ֮ԿڱѪ㱻꣡

ϳԷݣɫԱ
䲻׷ǰǿ󣬵ҲʮλУʵֲ֮
һնѹ۹ĿнԴϼɵ
ֱ̫ɲǵ۹˲żüãȱۼȴָ
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İɣֹڣ̤ƽ˵أҵ۹һЩ˽а
ҵ۹ռȵҽвҵ۹ˣ
͵أһλ۹Хӡ
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类һ³ѷ죬ǧɣգնǵ۹ǿߡ
һλͳԦһĽ鱩ңңЩؾУʵҲͻͽӵгپ
ʱһնȴĵˣ˫Ѫ죬վȽŲʱ̲סѪ
һˣ
ʱһƬš
˶߬ȭͷĿǸְˮ֮ϵɫзŭҲмɵ

ҪԸѰƾǸڴˣעҪ֮ء
ЦǺѰشϳߣòڴˣ
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˼޷ݣֻоǰһʹ궼һޱȵѹϢо

Σգɫ䣬һģ״ȥ
ֻѾˣǻ԰Ĺ⣬һУɢâһ

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ҪСģ״УֹһʮλҲУǿбǧ⡣
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ֻǿʼ
˻УһƤɫƬ룬ͷ纣壬˫Żβֳһͭꪵ⣬ڿն֡

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ˣϣ½߳һλλÿһϢ죬貣ϢƳˡ
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µǣصĺʮλ¶棡
ôֹӻô
˶̲סĿ⿴Ѱ
ߣ
Ҳڴʱ֮ϣֶѰһߡ
ʱ䣬һ纣ɢ񷣬ǵأɢ
ټķˮ󣬶ţ°㡣
ʮɫԱ䣬ɽѹȣܿƵ³֮أ
һһ֮ѹ
أ
һܲסˣƺȻ羪κˣȥѰѹԿ
ţҲ½졣
ΪܱѰһѹƣ
¡
ɫ䣬޹⣬ʮλһչƣǵȳֱµ˼¡
ֻУը飬ʯңڸĵ۹޵ߣԲòȻˣһˣ
żԶɸоѣŷƣ巢
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һ
ȴٶ޾תԨתƾЩǿ޷Ѱ뽩С
۹ǿ߽Բ𺳣
Щ¶ݣĵĵɫ治١
ǶòϣԵģһµĶ֣


1404 
ѰȷеľǿߣҵƽƽˣαΪһȺݽĶأ˿Ǻ㣬ȫ֣ͳԦһأ
ƿڣͷڣջȣģϢȴһǿġ
Զ۹ǿ߽ԷŭˣǾһͷݽ棬ܲŭ
Уݽ棬ȴ֪Уݽʲô𣿡
Ѱɫ䵭
ھ֮ʱɱ֪ǿޱߵĴڣڹŻʱʥˡ
Щǰ̸δ̫Ц
壬ȻǱ֪ĶҵΪݽ棬·ͷ
ɫ
ӵжص츳ײݷ꣬սɲ
Ե۹޵߶ԣЩȷηɶѰԣԵòˡ
߹֪ߵغ񣬻ڷʴʣúܿЦ
ѰڽȻٷϻúЩҲɡ

Щŭɱŭˡ
Ⱦ£Ѱ̻źǿƣ涼ЩҲסˡ

ѰЦ̤գÿһ£ҡضΪǲʲô
ѰӰԽԽ죬תһɫĴգؼƣѹ񷡣
档
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ȫǲԵȵսڵ۹Уûĸǿ߸ôЩһǼ򵥵Ľɫ
Ѱƫƫôˣ
۹ǿĶΪ¸̬𺳣ҲΪ䵣Ǻͽš
˶ʶһսʤһĻľעӡڳÿУ
ɱ
һӱñޱȡ
䣡
һλ
ͷͭ۽ɸߣһͭﵣϢɷ

һλ߽پ¾۹ʮǣеĵ۹ʿ
Ѱɱ㣡
Ӱ磬Ѹ籼ףת貵Ĺ⣬ٶ֮죬Ѵﵽ׵ĵز
ʵϣΪԼٶžԵţŸӳȥѰԵС

ѰŲδͣһָ
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飡
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ܣ
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ѵǷʮݺύ˲䱻˺ѳѪ顣
ǺһᴩţӲڰУ౬飬촷ۡ
ǧɸߵ壬ƵƤһйǧɣϸȥ֫һһն
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ͼڻеѰһֲ̤ĵɢɽХ㡣
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˶û뵽Ѱ˿ֲҫһУ߹һ׾ѹ
ǻԺͰ׷ľӵг˽پ
Σ䣬ͱѰķɣ

ѰӲӣӿת˸һɽӣ̰˻ĵơ
ħ
һָһƣһȭ赭дĶȴѹأɱȺ׵Īơ
飡
ЩȻֵɱɱ䣬̶̼Ĺ򣬾ٶ߸
ʱѰ죬ѹȫ
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ӣ
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ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ָ䣬ԶӶݵһһɱһڡ
ľδ⣡
һ̣۹ǿ߽Դǡ
֮ǰ˵״ɱأҪѰ޲ǣһǰ֧ԮѰ
룬ǰæѰһˣɱһɾﳡУ
ѪȵĻ棬Ķ
˭֪Ѱǿȴû뵽ԤиǿҲֲ
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ಣ
ʱѰӰƮҷ״
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Ծ̲ס
Ѱʱֹôˣ
Сģ
ǧﵽߣͳ֡
ѰȻһЦͷҲػ˻֣Һܿͻ


1405 Ӱ
״󣬺ڷɽ
Ѱڷ״֮һ˲ͱ׷ʲô
״ڣۣʮλǰγͬˣڰ׷Ѱע׶༪١
οкڴˡ
ɵĿѰһ˻ɱʮλս󣬰׷ʱסˣɫ䡣
ʶԼԶԶ͹˶֣
ֹǰ׷˿̻ڸһҲһɫ䣬궯
ܻ˿£
ûгʥ
ЩڣԺȻѡ

Աߣһλ̾
޳ӡŷܵͼڴ࣬һͫĿԵޱȡ
ˣһɽ
˴ʮλһжɽ졣
ѣ˻Ǻ⣿
׷ɫһ
϶ֵǿ󣬲ɳܡ
ɽȻˣɿܻҵȳֵĻ᣿
׷Цô˵нӵİˣ
ҲĿ⿴˹ɫơ
ްգҵʲô𣿡
ɽЦԵúԸʹݣңңԶλžǣӵִʱҵȳ֣ɱⲣ
׷ͲЩ֣ԺԥҵȾĿԴˣϣѿԸһϲҲǼʶʶֶΡ
ɽЦ
࣬ʮλҲȻ
ʼգǽյĶУӲһԣ֮»ȻƵġ
ˣ
׷һС
һһ뽫Ŀ⿴Զ
֮ϣѰһ̤նУƮҷڷϢȻ׾
Ƕ׼˭һϣ
Ѱ̧ͷңңԶĺڷɽ磬ƽȴ쳹ʮء
ߣ
׷һɫ޵ʲôʱǱ˶Դ
Ѱͷ֪𣿡
أɽĮӰ֮ڿն
ಣ
ʮλҲ֮һڿգԶԶȥʮλ㣬ϢԵøˡ
飿
Ѱ˼ҲסˣǲǵЩ֮ȥ鷳ǣǰˣ
ߣ죬㲻ãڱ·
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ĺݽɫˡ
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ҲʶڴˣȻ׼ȻѰţ⻹ǻǡ
һҪСİԾૡ

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ͬʱѰҲܵһѹ
Ҳص½һθܵϤѹ־ΥĸоѰҲս⡣
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飡
һȭֱӽӰһģշɳȥ渲ǵƣʹ
⡭
һĻ׷ͷƤһ飬̫ǿˣѰչֳսһγǵ
ʶ֮ǰѰɱʮλʱûжȫ

ԶӰŭҵĹǻ˵һӳһ˰׹ǳǹ
ⳤǹתʥĹԼ䣬ֳʥ󣬷һʥ
ӿֲϢӰɢ
ԣ߳ŭʼƴȫˡ
ûá
ʥ
ѰҲУв٣
ϣ
һѪӳָĽֳһѪӣˮиħʬ澪
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һϹʱʥ˶̸ɫĿ׽͹ʥ֮Ѫ
ھ֮ʱѰڤУô˽һֱٶá
˿̣˽Ѱ϶ʱɢһɱɱɱ޿ɲɱﲻơ
飡
ת˲䣬ٿԪѰִ׹ǳǹӰսһʥɢϢ״붯С
ǧɽӣ޲ڣڸ׳Ƴ
׷һ࣬ѱɫףҡΡ
ȿյ棬ǿɴûԶԶţܵһ˵в


1406 
֮ϣսɱ
ڷ״֮⣬ؿ类ƣ޾ĽʥϢû
սֱδţ
һЩ۹𺧡
ԾѲԲ˵ھ֮ʱսֹһΡ
ұһսպͿµĲ
飡
ײУӰõɳȥ嶼һںͳ鴤
ɫޱȣû뵽ԸĶ֣֮죬ȫó
ϣ
Ԫһڤӣħֶ֮䡣
ʱѰħ
ʱѴжϳںʮλӰº͵սƣв硣
Ϊ׵Ľ˾֮ҲһӰɱȡ
Ӱǿ󣬼Ѱʥǿǿġ
սս߿ǲһģ
ûãѰٶȽԷˣ׹䣬ڵϣضɽҡ
ƤҲܲסȴݲУӰ̲סʹУͷɢܡ
䣡
Ѱһ̤£̧ͷ­̤顣

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Ѱɫƽ˵һԪһѪɫ磬֮ϣϬѪȡ

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䣡
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ÿһ£涼һӡ
ϸȥһսìֻǣȴѰһӲϡ

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û֪Ƕ尾ʹࡣ
ϣ
ѰԪӰںڷɽϣĿؿųӥڣԽˡ
ӥų̾һһʼҾʹˣµҲ޽͵ıҪҵĴ޻˵Ψ˸һʹ죡
˵գɫƽѰ
ѰЦΪҲң
ʵǺջһֱƭͱѵĸо
ӥĬ
û뵽ʱ£һΪˣֱ˱棡
͵أڷɽ֮£һϵ
ӥ͵ɫһ䣬е˿ߣ
¡
ֻǣѾˣǱϵһֻɲޱߵĴ֣͵شӺڷɽ֮̽գݺݳѰǡ
һ˲ѰһëȻĸо
ߣ
ڴʱӥ͵سȫӿȵĹ⣬һֳֻȥԵޱȾȻ



1407 ַֻ
ӥ赲ƿնĴ֮ǰ
ѰԿԵһʱѡܣȴû뵽Σʱ̣ӥԥͦ
˿ߣ
ǽƵأлصȴѰͷ񱻾޴ݺһǣ
ѵ
Լ˳ӥ
䣡
죬εȿֲһ˲ӥͱĵõɳȥ飬Ѫ
߰
ӥĿѣ˴ȴѲЩֻѰߡ
ŭʱٶȳ
ͽ
ڷɽ֮£Ǳ䱩ŭҲû뵽ԼյŵӣΪһҪˣ
䣡
Ĵֲָſɽ壬Ź˵Ѫɫԣݺѹȶ¡
նң񷶼ڱΣ⣡
ˣҴδѹ
һɲӥ֪ɫȻƽȾѪϳ壬޷ˡ
Ŀ⣬ȴԶѰ·ڸ
ˣ
ڴʱѰӰȻʧԭأһ̣ڳӥ֮ǰһѽ½ץסݺ˦˳ȥ
ѰȻ̧ͷзһХһǧ˰ٵ̫ɱ
ͬʱУһȾѪĹֶܸͭ
ˡԶĳӥסɴ۾
䣡
춯صײУ󷢳ޱȵıĴӲĵɢ
ѰһΣпѪɫ԰ס
ֻǣɫɼݾȻ糹ȼհ㡣

ȾѪͭƷ䵲סֵĿֲȴѹȵѰȻ³嶼һ󲻿ظĹĦ֮
һɲӥɫ㱣ۿ죬ļɽ鱩㣬γ뵽Ѱ
䣡
Ǵֱֲֵ޷ĵزѰѹȵ³ںڷɽϡ
ɽ嶼ըʯ촷ۡ
УѰ弡ڴѣɫԵԵޱȳ
ն
ŭ𣬺ڷӳİһеױ
޳ն
Ԫնǿһ
飡
һ˲ضɲĵûĿƥֻܿ۾ΡĺڷɽֽȻ飬֮ϣһ׵Ĺ֡
򣬴ضڹѣ¡¡ı
䣡
ӥನɨУ屻úݺݵɳȥˣȴ˲Щȥ
ˣˡ
緢ƵģѲս֮
̳ɷХأԲɲĽ
Ѱ޵˲ͻᱻĨɱ
ɳӥȫˣУѰ٣գǴ֮һ޴ĹֵײѰ
ˣ
ӥĶ鴤촽¡
ѰǣȾѪɫ԰͸Եޱңȥһ
ˡӥǣۿУ᲻ع
û뵽
û뵽
ԭڱѰͽʱӥĶȵףеޱȵʹĥ
ʱѾʶԼ֮Ѱ֮½⡣
뵽ͷȴǱѰȣ
Ѱȴ˶ѣ
ӥһ̣бĸоʡ
һûأʲôɥ
ڴʱڵϵѰ۾ɳƳ
ӥһݺ۾Ʋһ͵ؿϲûû
Ѱųӥ޿ݵģҲȴЦˣ˿̫ˡ
ӥæͷЦҡֻ̫һЩһʱƲסԼ
һ̣һӳؼ䡣
ȥڷɽѱʧԲУѻһƬư֮أĿġ
˷ģٲܶõڶڡУѿҪĥ
ӥ˵
䣬һ쳹
ͽʱؽƤң
У͸ޱȵŭ
ӥɫ䣬Ĭ
ˣʧ
ȻѲٳ֣򣬶ϲܻѡ̺ݻֺвʽ
Ѱ
ԶӰΪ׵Ծѡ
֮ǰѰӳһֶֻԾĶֲ̫վڷ״֮ĵ۹ǿ߶ܵޱߵĺ⡣
ʱѰδʱԾŵĳ׷Żأ˶ظĸо
Ӯˣ
Ծʡ
Ѱ΢΢һЦͷ
ʱĵ۹ǿߣ޲𶯡

һ죬Ѱһˣһʮλ̤ƽ״
ôȫˣ
ϢΪ֮
ܣʥ⣬˭ѹȺЩԺȻȫš

Ѱվǣ
Ӱ򣬼¼·״зһĻĻЩϢҲٶȣ۹
ɱʮλŭɱʮλӰѰհӰһӡ𺳺ǡ
޿ɣһսעΪ۹ԻͲõһĻʷʷᣡ
ټĵ۹˶ڡ
ʹ죡ֹӸ˫ɷǣ
׳գּɳŵ۹֮
˵ֹӣܣˣ
ĻȻڵ۹ͬ쳹йĵĳĽϲá
һЩŮӳΪѰĿӵһЩȽϳľٶ
ԭڣ۹Щ걻ѹ̫ˣ
գйȻ졣
˽飬Ѱ۹һˡš
֮Уʥ˲ԵֹΪûֹ£粻һ߹
Щ飬һֱڳ
һսĻ۹ڵһƴѵʵΪЩһѱѰ
ʣµЩѲκв
һʱ䣬۹ʿȴԷ֮ƣʼȫΧ˵۹ڵ
ͬʱУƲҵ
֪ʮλɱϢʱЩֱ߲׻һɵˡ
ڶģѰ
ɽȴǣѰһˣȫʤ
ˡ
ѰԶԶǵԤֻʥ˲ӽ˿ƣ
ˡԺɻ۹Ļ᣿
ӪУһ߲﷽ҡ
˭Ѱ۹Ժ۹Ѿûϣˡ
ɺޣ
λΪߵ˿̶޵һǻŭ޴йһĿ¡
Ǹô죿
ﶼɫò
ɡ
ĬãɳƣӴ³֣һ˲˷·ꡣ
һѰ·ƣǵĽƻ˭ûԤϵ顣
һˣַֻ죡
һ죬ӵ۹֮س۹ٶȺ䶯Ϊ֮Ŀ



1408 ͨ
״һս۹Ϊ֮һ䣬ںĶԿУٲȻھС
ʱ˭֮עֱ
ͳƣѰϽǣٵɱǰŲʱѡ
۹ǶƮҡľƣȴһ˶ı䣬ַֻ죬ŤתǬ
۹дϢʱԭͷޱȵĵ۹䶯ˡ
Ǹս⻼Ҳ֮Ե۹ԣֱһ벻⾪ϲ
˭һǰ˭ͣ
Ѱ
Ѱ
Ѱ
֣һ棬۹дţ޵ߣƽգμס֡
һˣȵ۹ˮ֮У׳٣ʷΪǧǧǡ
зʱѰѷϴķϣķѰʱ䣬Žƻָ
ľѡ
Ϊӳӥ˽⵽汻ڴУѱ;ƿݵıԵ
ɼˣһ֮ԽԼش֪ȫʢʱڣΪǺεֲ֮
ˡ
ɽۣ翣ɡ
ѰھĬ̫ʱӥǰ
ôˣ
Ѱ̧ʵ
Ѿ˽⵽ӥݣԼѡȥ
ԭӥʱھͱһĽ䣬Ҳ˻Ρ
ӥһֱıƿأ걻Ѱܺ󣬳ӥѡѰΪδûн˻ᣬ泸Ĵ㡣
ΪԽӵԽϣڵĽȴ֣Լ̫ˣ
ǽΪԽԽԽɲ
Ѱ뿪֮󣬳ӥòѡΪЧΪ½֪ġ
ЩȴκζԵ۹顣
ԭӥ㣬ܳʥлڵĽɾƵķչȫƿˡ
˽ЩԵɺѰʱҲһ֪̾Լӥˡ
һҲǣӥѣɿʮԵ۹飿
ʲ٣
ӥϲ
ѰҲһǾͺá
ϴķ֮Բ̽ӥڵһĽҲ޲ߡ
ΪȽ䣬ǱڳӥУ
⣬ȴСõЧĽһᣬ̤㳤۵;óľط
˿̣֪Сİ취ЧѰҲοѡ
Ƚ׽ϴķаɡ
Ѱ
ӥͷ
ϴķϣ֪ӥǺѰҲ㽫˵һЩҪۡ
ûãҲˣڵ۹еһЩϢ
Ѱһ˽⣬Ҳһ
֮֮۹ѳ׽ΪֵڻЩѱݻٵ߰˰ˣȻʣһЩҲ޷Ե۹в
ͬʱѴӵ۹֮سˣ۹һ⻼Ҳ֮
үЩкܶǰݷá
ҿڣɲ˵꣬ͱѰϣ˵ڱչأ˭Ҳ
ҿЦȥ
֪үݺΪе飬ѲС
Ҳδоʲôס
ĵ۹УѰĵλ֮Ȼ⣬Щ࣬ö֣
ҲֻеһЩʾѣлܼѰ棬ˡ
ͱˡ
ʵϣѰҲȷ㿪ʼչأΪƾ׼
˽⵽Լסǰͨؾ͡
Ѱ˼
죬ϣٶȽͨؾ

Ҳǵ죬Ծǰϴķ壬ֻǵ˵ѰѱչʱЩʧ
ͷѰ˵ѼҪһЩϢغǰʹһ
Ծʱҡ
ҺԥӦ
ػʹԾѿеһϢɫ𲻶
꾿ʲô飬øʺĸǷеһ飬Ҵȥ߱Ѫս
ˣѰʱϰɡ
ãһ̾
񣬵۹⻼ѵõЧƽѹԾѼϵصҲ᲻١
ȴЩԼĸ
߱ѪսУʲô
£ŻӺɹΰã
أһǰڡ
ԾкâһɫȻӲڿػһغܹµĸӶһȥˡ
̵ͷ
סûҵ̤һҲκǽӴ
Ծ
ǡ
̴Ҵȥ
Ծüѡ
Ҳǰã߼ҼԾĸظ淢
ԭĸӶ˷½󣬾Ͷ˳߼ҡ
Цǣ˻ͼ߼ҵȥϴķּҲȴֱӿѺ
һĸѱѺڻʹڡ
ԭԾǴ㽫½ѰϧǣѰȴڽձչˡ
һо͵ƹضˡ
Ծૡ

ͨؾ
ƴֱبУͷΡ֮ͨߴ
ٶȽ˵أѰľȫͬ
ΪѾ֪ͨؾĸ૑Լģ
ֻǣΨһɻѰͷŮӡ˭
ǰ
ƴͷѰٶȼŮӣһֱϥǽյ֮ͨ·
֪ʲô
Ů۾·ϵѰκ⡣
˭
Ѱһʵ
һ»ҰˣҲΪˡ
Ůڵ
֪૑
Ѱʵ
ŮӳĬƬ̣֪ܾ֮ǰ¹˵һЩ顣
ѰһĿдһ˿ϣ֪ܲ
꣬¹Ҳأϧûƿһţ뿪ʱңһ죬˽ƿ˱૑ĺˣҲ㡣
Ůڵˡ
ЩѰЩʧ
Ůӵֻһˣ˵ںܾ֮ǰҲ˽磬ʶ˸ָ˺£˽顣
ѰһЦǰ֪ͨؾоʲôܣ
ȷܺ棬꣬ĸ૑׷ɱǿձ˰ڴ˽磬һУͨؾܲ棿
ŮӲδشֻ˵һھʲôҪԼȥƿȥʶȥԡ
˵⣬̧ۿѰƴعأѴأһھ֮ʱҾ˵ӵƿһŵĻᡣ
ѰȻ̧ͷĿ⿴Զ֮ͨţھͿԣ
ŮӵѱɴعأҲΨһʱƿŵʸ񡣡
˶٣ƿſɲǰ׵飬¹£ӵдʥ֮ڳƿʱȴʧˡ
Ѱһüǰ˼ǣǴʥƿţ
ŮҡͷĸߵͣҪҪǣǷܵõŵϿɡ
Ͽɣ
Ѱü



1409 
ԣϿɡ
Ů˵ԴҳΪ˵ֱѹȥ£ֱֻһһƿš
˵⣬ŮзһĨ׷֮ɫǺܾúܾ֮ǰˣҼǵһޣӢ˲ԾΪƴعء
ò˵˵츳Ͳ飬֮£ʱһ֮ͨźϣĴ֮ҵʱΪ֮ڡ
ƿһ϶ʱͿѪֹʹֹ
뿪ʱֻ˵һ䡮ʱңǿ󲻵áҡͷȥ
˵⣬Ůһ̾ˡĺܿϧ
ѰҲݣ˭
ϳ
Ů˵һ֣ڴ˽磬Ҳһʱ㣬൱ڴ˽̫ʱ
ϳ
һѰԣİ֡
һ뵽һ̫ܵʱڣһڴ˽ʱѰֻһоԼ̫ңԶˡ
ҪסգԺǰǿչŵʱһĺᣬ֮ţաɲĸȺҹ֮ġ
ŮӺȻ
Ѱһͷʾס
ڣǷҪأ
Ůʵ
Ҳá
ѰͷǵãڹŻУԼƴعأ˶̻ľԪ°벿
ʱŮӾ˵̤ʱֱȥعء
عأֱǡپƵ
̤ʱھ֮Уڶǰлдˡ
ڣҲ
پ֮񡭡
ŮӳƴϣȻֳһĻ꣬ѰС
һֻ̣ǰһͳһƬС
ȥڵĻ棬еɫɫɫɫɫ巽ѤôĿ
¡¡
ѰӰһ֣ǹĻ棬ٿȻ仯һӰһɣƿɲ
Щ֮һ˸ǻɱ㴳سɹʱԽ̣õĽԽ󡣡
Ůӵ
Ѱͷһ̣磬ڣԥ

ǳ߽پľսһһȭһӰ򱬣Ʈ
ɹһĻˣЩ겢δ»һ𣬻ָ
ţ
ѰһʶһصĿ鲢Լǰ򵥡
䣡
̤ǰٶȳһӰȥת˲䣬ٶȱ򱬣һλָ
ֱһ
Ѱע⵽αɱĹ̺󣬶ԷϢ
ʱѰд󶨣ٲɣӰУȫս
ԶԣЩӰȫѰһΣɵв
յ蹦еӰǵȻһգĻ֮⣬޸Ŀܡ
һ̣ѰѳƴϣŮ򿪿ڵͨأǷҪ
Ѱͷ
ڰ˹ƵǶԴƿء
ѰӰһС
ֻһŰ빣һž޷ֽһһ֧ʡ
һֽ֮أһ磬ֱԴΪīڰֽ֮ڣһ磬ﵽϢܶʼ֮ز㴳سɹ
Ѱԣ̤ǰ˼
һؿ飬Ƽ򵥣ʵ󲻼򵥣
죬޵Ψ󣬲ƿشС
ʵҪԴƿأȫķʽ
̫ͣǶϲܴﵽһһ磬Ϣܶʼĵزġ
ĬãѰëʣһſհֽϻӺ
ˣ
Уİ糱ˮӿ֣кڱʷ֮£أһ޴Ԩڰֽ֮ϡ
󣬴Ԩֳڰ֮ɫתˮпʼ裬˴ѭӳֳˮڵľ󡭡
ֱԨ֮ףԨ֮⣬Ϣתֳبϡ
ʱƣѰȫڡУжԴ򣬽ӿڱʷ֮¡
һſհֽţ򽥽رˣһĳΣڲı仯
󣬵ѰʱһĺһŰֽײˣѰǰģһ޴׳硣
磬Ԩתûʮѹвϡ
Ѱͷֳһ
ǹıԴ޵ļͲת֮İС
ǬǬ
гһգһ֮һ磬ܶʼ֮򣬱仯֮ʹ˵ϵʲô
뵽⣬ѰһͱһŴֽ·һΪߵľ磡
磬յѲǻΪ棬Ǵͻ
ڡСޡ֮䣬
νġС
Ѱ֪磬ڵ۾Уܴﵽ
ˣ䲻ﵽѾ֪ԼﵽһĿꡣ
ֻҪ֮Ժ㣬һܹﵽ
һ㣬֮ؼ룬Ժĵ;·ʧ
سɹ
ŮӵʱѰٶȻصƴﵽϣֻǣľѱòͬ
û뵽ôˡ
ŮӴһ˿죬Щ
Ȼע⵽Ѱ֮ľı䣬֪Ǵ˵еġС֮
лǰ
Ѱ֡
лңԼ򡣡
Ůҡͷ˵Ⱦһ֮ǰģټҲ޷
Ѱͷϥ
ͷȷҪʱΪС
ŮԶԶؿȴЩ޷ƽ֮ǰѰһ̸жྪޡ
Ѱȴڡʱһֻڴ˵еľ磬ȴΪԾ
ƿһţ
Ů˼
ǵãǵϳѰ㣬ڵڰعؿУŵǸһǣ
˵ԴΪһֱڣѰǵһ쵽һġ
Ե̫Ѱ
룬ŮӴʱЩ޷ƽ
У֮Ⱦ磬һɰĴڣ
ʱѰӴγʶ
Կʼˡ
ӵһڵ
ھŹأԻУһݣһֻأǸֻУ㲻㡣ҪأҪֻУԼ
ŮӵĻԵЩɬѰ΢΢һüƬ̺ŵͷˡ
ˡ
ŮӲٶԣƴϣֳһƬλðϼѰС
һ̣˱ʧ
ͬʱŮ¶һ˿֮ɫҵҪֻ֮УһַʽʱֻǺεȱ֣Ƿסһ飬ü


1410 ˭
˭
񾩳ǣλеһϸۡУʮּСүѰһڳ֮ϣ
үħˡ
ԶһЩū澵̸Դ˼ֲ֡
ʮǰ콵һּլۡڣҲǵ죬ּСүѰ
ΪһСүӳһ̣ͳ񾩳еˡ
УλСү谮ΪԺȻһصĴ
ؼǣϥ߸ŮѰΨһһж
Ҳ˵ԺּټĻҵȻѰ̳С
֮⡢ȻԶ
˶ǣСүѰԸ죬СͲԸκ׽Ҳĸĸ
ּǣѰκ鶼ȤϲԼһ˷
ˣҲˣЩѰʱ˵һЩϡŹֵĻ磺
ҲѰǿ϶ϴˡ
һ죬һ֪˭
ԣҲ֪˭֪ҿ϶ҡ
ƵĻѰΪһࡱĺӣҲ丸ĸͷޱȡ
񾩳ǣּСүԻһЦ
һɵӣ
ԣһġɵӣ
񾩳У˶ѰۣҲһ׮Ц̸
һСС꣬ȴųκ˽Ӵһϲ˵һЩⲻɵʲô
ּҿ񾩳ǵһм壬ϥΨһжȴһɵӣ벻עⶼѡ
ȻּڲȻҲɣСүǲһȱۣȴû˸˵ġ
ЩΪСүָ˵Ϊκġɵּþ˸ֶκͰ취
磬ΪѰ鵤ҩһЩõɮˮ㻨˲֪١
ûʲôá
СүԵúܹ֣ԽԸԽƧκ鶼Ȥ
ÿϲһ£
丸ĸͷˣҲʼɣԼҶǲȱݣȱۣ˸ҡ
ãѰϾǵ׹⣬ЩȻɵһЩδ⵽ʲô䡣
෴һּ̬¶չλСүɵӣҲϣƽƽس
Ȼ˭ּҼ̳˵ʸעλСүԵˡ

Ѱʮ꣬һ¡
ԭּҶ׵񾩳ңţҪ˻顣
Ҽе˵ѾʮˣּСӵɵûκãû취ٵȥ
֮еŮܼ޸һɵӡ
ּҼвʹ죬Ҳʾ⣬ܿȵؾͬ˻顣
ѰĸףԴ˼ŭΪĶԸһЩʲôȺá
Ҵ˾٣ǹӲţ̫ˣ
Դˣּ£Ҳһ̾Ϣû˵ʲô
Ѱɣҽ𽣬ԭ⣬Ǿͻɻ飬ǸҲ޸һɵӡ
˻ĵ죬һʮʮòŮѰסͥԺС
Ůѩף۾޳Сѳͤͤ
ֻǣԸԵúǿơҲܽȷѰǸ񾩳ǵɵʱԥͰﻰ˵
ǣԷһ㷴ӦûУǳǰű̵ĳˮ
·УˮԱߵŮÿ
ûҵĻ
ܷŭѰΪ˵Ҿû취ȷ㣬𽼴ҪޣҲҪ޸һһĿ
Ѱڷûб仯ƤûգһΡ
ŭˣǺ죬ݽҧ޲óȥһԼɵӡ
ͲˣƺˣԳЦȻһɵӣҸһɵʲô
˵գˡ
һֱźѰҵŮСݼˣЩŭ˻˻飬Сүᡣ
̫ɶˣЦСү̫ˣ
үͲ
С̲סʡ
ߣ£ɫһرˮƸû
Сݽסһʧ˵˻飬һ˶ԣǺεȳ趪顣
үȴһ㷴ӦûУ
үѵǸȱۣ
С̾䲻ңŭ䲻
ΪʲôҪֵ𣿡
ҲڴʱȻһСݶһ̧ۿȥͼ֪ʱүѾˡ
һϮ£굥ϣȻһֵȻķɡ
ֵá
·ԴҡҡͷͳԼסȥ
ԭүˡ
СݺܾŽнԶıӰкȻ뵽Щүϲ֮⣬ûκκ͡ɵйص顣

ûã񾩳оʹϢҴС𽣬޸š񾩳ǵһӡ֮ƵĻʸ
ʸϣͬҲ壬䲻ּңҲС
ʸȥʱѱ¼뵱һУһ״ӡ
϶ԣʸе֮ӣ
ʶͻʸĽϣʱΪ񾩳еһ׮̸
ڱ˻ѰһЦΪ˻£Ҳ˲֪ٵĺЦ
ּҵϵһˣʮһɵӣһŮ˶ɵӣȻ˳Ц

Ѱʮʱּһ䡣
ּ֮Ϊһʱţƽ̻ˡ
ͬʱּ²ҵܵŵȫѹӴһǧɣһ겻
ٻ괵ȥ
ڵңõŷ֣һԾΪ񾩳ǵһ
һξۻϣ֮в޵˵һ仰ĳⱲӢһǰСŮ˻顣
仰ܿʹ񾩳ǡ
ɵѰҲٶȳΪЦ̸

Ѱʮʱּû䵽Ʈҡĵز
ԭڣּ֮ǰţʧȥ˶ּңɢ
ѰּҵСүֻǣѱʮƶŮҲòˡ
ټּңʹ˳˥䡣
ûãѰ֮ĸҲѻ御
ѰĴʱʼ
ָĸȥּкܶ࣬ûԸȥһɵүѰֻԼԼ
ֻǣȻˣѰҲûиıϲϰߡ
ƶپȣƻȻ˷Ƿ
ɣӽԺּٲҪһɵӣЩ꣬Ϊһˣõǳʱ򣬱ػᱻ˳Ц˵ɵӵݣͷ̧ˡ
죬һȺ˳ּҵסѰֵܡýǣֻǿѰĿ⣬ȴ
סԺּӵܵԾӣҲ˵㲻֣
Ҳ죬ɵѰּҵϢڳдһ
ôȥˣǸɵӣһ谮һСү䵽˱ԼĵزԴֻͷܲꣿ
ٿ׵𽣬һλֻĹˡ
ΪʸĹϵҶմ⣬ȨֿȣٲȻȰռ񾩳ǵһλã
ѩ׷ɡ
ʮһֱɵӡѰһڽֵϣ컹ŵѩ
εӰֻ
һĻʱΪ˵ŮӣȴԵˣѰܷشУü



1411 ͷ
һѩµøױع񾩳һƬãã
ֵϣѰǰУĿһƬͣĿĵţѩڷȾ˪ɫ
һȮ˳سѰҡβ͡
һѣȴŲüĻѣϵһϽ
࡫
ѰӲؽ
ĿתƣƳһۣ߻һ£˸ܵ󾪿ְ㣬β;ͲֻӴܡ
˾鲻Խ𡰻̻ɥ֮Ȯ仰
ѰջĿ⣬ȴ룬Լܾûгζˡ
ƣƣ
ԶһȺʹӰĽɫż׷ֻӴܵȮ
лӣվס
һò毺ã̬ȴԵָʹŮ嵲סѰǰ·ָѰӣȳ
ʲôŵҼҷ˵İȮףǡСү
ȳȻֹ
ŮϳѰ۾š
ѰҲϳǰŮӣǺСͷԼߵŮСݡ
ֻּư֮ѾûԷˡ
Է뿪ּ֮ܲȻһŮȴ룬ãɢŸϢ
㣬Сݡ
ѰãбҪԷкϾǰʱСҲһˡ
Сݣ
͵أŮɫһЦ㻹ּҵСүڵӣһ磬ʸϵ㣬ԺҸ˵ߵŮҵһĲ㣡
ԵúܼżƲѰĹϵ
ѰƬ̣û˵ʲôǰȥ
ʼգûһϵĲСһ⡣
֮ǷŭٴγȥҵĻûУȻһɵӣô꣬磬ĸˣּҶưˣҲּң˵׼죬ͻᱻѩʬ嶼û˰գ
ѰǰУû
СգҧгݵȻǸɵӣֲõ˻ѡ˻飬˭Ը޸ȱ۵Ĵ
Ѱ㣬ˣ
ۼɵôһ㷴ӦСݾһʤƵģüۼ価ǵͲмȻǵ÷ˣҼҷ˾𽣡
񾩳У˭֪Ĵķʸ𣬸һλָĴ
˵ʸѱڶΪŵƽ̼̳ˣԺҪִŴȨģ
ǲǺܣоܷŭ
СЦϧǷˣҲϲܼ޸ȱ۵Ĵ
ǵã㵱ʱʹңѵͲ
ѰüͷƺѵĻУ˵ʱ˵ֵ
Сһأ
ѰҲˡ
˵仰ʱԭ͵񣬷·ɢĺ棬峺òȾһ˿ʡ
Сȴһ˵ĲʺɵѵЦ衢ܲ
ǡһɵӣ
ӣֻŭڣȻˣɿһȻûôһķӦ
Сݴ˿̶һץĳ嶯оٺɵٶ˵һ仰ԼͻÿѪ
Сݹҵˡ
ԶЩūͱֻŻ·Ȯ˸߲ҵط
СһָߵѰҧгݵղžŻƣ֪ô˰ɣ
ʱЩūͿѰĿòĦȭƣ
ѰȴƻȻֻǵֻ˶Ȯʱֹһ
أ
ȮƷһޱȵĿͣܵȾһ͵ѿѾӾͳԶ
˽һ㶡
Сݴ󼱣ʲôȥ׷ƶˣԺͱˣ
æȥ׷ϡ
˼
ѰЦγɾƮµĴѩ㣬͸Ĳ
СһǵûЩǵһμѰЦ
һպޣһɵɵЦѣֵԼע
סҵĻԺ˵ҵĹϵҵһɱ㣡
СһһݻʹҴҶȥ
ѰЩ֣ҲЩź̾һ߽ããѩС
ףǲּǸɵү㿴ؤûɶˡ
һ¥Уң񾩳һȺһүһã̸Ц
ֻǣһٴλõ꣬ͻȻ˵仰󣬶ʱ˺Ц뽫Ŀ⿴ߵĽֵ
ѩ׷ɣһֻŵУѩεӰֻ
˭󣬵Ǹ谮һļһȴȻͷ
ɵɱּˡ
ּҺ⣬ȴͥ䣬Ҿ䣬޳
һꡣ
Ȼһָ߸ϵֻĸп
֮УҲһЩּҵӵܣֻֻϯλʽ
Щ˸޼ɵּңȴҶŭû취ʱǨּѲǵ񾩳ǵһˡ
Ļ쵰ôˣ
ЩּӵܰҧΪѰĳ֣ǵ棬һǻ޴йҲֻܷйѰͷϡ
λǼһѲ֣ǿ޹ϵˡ
һּӵ̲ס
ƣּҶԸǸɵˣ湻ġ
¥УһôЦ
ЩּӵɫӲڨڨ
ɵ̫ˣһͷԡ
һӵվһͷŴԶԶ˳ȥѰ¡
ɵӣϽ԰ɣˡ
ӵܴ˵
һӣ¥еճ˲٣ΪɵѰȴݡ
û˵ʲô
Ϊҵӵܣң񾩳ǵһȨ죬֮󣬱ȵּҶй֮
ԭڣҳһŮʸ
ǰӵܣ׵ܵܡ
ǵ˻飬ýѰһ򣬵ڡȻһжһˡ
ѰһͷɵӣٲȻ񾩳ǵһү򣬸Զһλ콾ʸ
£ԶͷֶΣȥѰ俴У˭˵ʲô
ЩּӵܣһԣͷƾƣȴʹѰˣôûбһѩУ
ֵϣѰֹ˿µļͷֿ˿Զľ¥Լ¥һȺԼָֻŵӵܣȻ󡪡
ʰһؼͷ¥Ǳ߻˻ΣԺԵű𡣡
˵գͷӰʧԶ
¥˺ЦһЩ˶ЦᶼЦ
ǵģ˭û뵽ֶΣɵѰȻȻǼͷ
⣬ֹһɵӣҪűѵ㻹һͷֱǷˡ
˵ԼҲ̲סЦ
¥УЦˡ
ΨּЩӵܣˣձ
죬ּɵүͷͷϢͲֶߣΪһЦ̸



1412 
λĺʱҽҪʡףĳҪȸһˡ
һƣתȥ
˽͡
ⷬ磬ЩּӵܽԲаּ̾ǿʢʱЩּӵߵγҲ磿
񡭡
ᵽʲôн£ʽζˡ
ĺɫʮ֡
һаɳıѹƲ㣬񾩳ǣһ䶯Ŀⶼҡ
Ϊһ죬𽷵ʡף֮ģһλ֮Ӱźĵӻʸ
ҹЯ񣬵Űݷá
Ҳڵҹһ£ּΪһЦ
ԭǣּһλˣЯǰҰݷãȴֱӱ֮⣡
ϣȵҼУǵ棬ܲʣּңĸּң񾩳лּ𣿡
ʱЦ
ô˻ᣬҲ췢ھ¥飬һЦ˳
ּ֪ǸɵүȻü𼦹ͷʱĴǶЦǰϡ
ʱҲڣʱ꣬û뵽ٶѰʱȻһؼͷйء
вЦã˻ˣǵּҵٷˣǼֱһجΡ
ǸѰ
ߵĻʸ𲻶ɫʵ
һϮۣͷڣòӢٷ磬Ӣ䲻
š˵ͷǷһĨڽһɵӶѣ
ʸü˵˻飬˵վ׵
һΪȻ֮һЦҿҲһЦκιϵ
ʸ˹ˣЦԶʧû˻ˡ
ʱȻͷһὫ˶ϡ
ʸһ㲻ٶԡ
һɵӶѣйһЩϵᡣ
⣬ȴϡ
ϣСݣʵǰǸѰߵѾߣ
Сһæⶼǰˣūҵˣһһŷˣ޶ġ
ŶһҪҲԣһЩūȥһ£ϣԺκκѰйصϢ׸ô𣿡
Сݻһף
벻ĳ˵Ϣֱӵİ취ȻϢʧϡ
Ļ᲻ף
ȥɣʱףҲġ
𽵭Ȼ
Сݹ뿪
źŮһ̣Ҳ御˰ɣ
뵽
С̷Ѱߣ벻רŮˡ
ǵģСݽֻһѾߣŮĵλʮǧ

ѩ׷ɡ
⣬һƬĹ԰С
ѰһķǰĬ
ʼһֱվһѩʯһ
Ψ峺ˡ
ҳʱҾ֪˭ˣֻȴţһֱ˼⣬ҡ˭
Щһֱ룬˺ܶܶ࣬һֱ벻ףԣټ٣ûã硣
ҡһԹߣһͣ˼УǷһõΡ
ڣˣУʵҾңһͣҲһԹߡ
Ѱ߽
ѩУɫ桢ϵߵףЩꡭǺТ
˵յһĻĻԺС
ʱһԼи׶ʱϲģʱĸһ΢Цˮ
Լҩɾȵɵʱĸ󡢲⡢ʹࡢ̾Ϣģ
ԼôֻϣԼƽƽģδΪԼɵӶ
ǶԼİһֱڣұǰΪ硣
ȥʱԼ֣ԼһҪѧչԼҪչ˺ĸס
ײˣĸҲѻ御
ǰĸأ˵Ⱳʹĵһ¾ǣûܸԼκò
Ҳ˵ɵӣֻҪӣҲͷ⣬öܿۡ
ϧȴҪˣټչ˶ӣȥʱ۾Ŀһ
ĹǰڵϵѰˮûп޳κȴĵ˼¡

ˡҪʧ𡭡ͨؾУŮü
ĿѰڡֻءеһУȴû뵽Ѱνףһֳ׵ʧҡ
⣬ܡü
ܴƴھŹأ
޷ͨأעʧȥƿһŵʸ
һɲŮӺЩʧ̬зһ˵ʧ
̸ϡ
ֻǺѽܰˣ
ǿѰһģܹӵн֮Ϊʵ̫ס
ҲûѰֹƴھŹǰ
ԣһʱ޷ܣҲע޷ƽ
ãŮӺȻһ͵رһĨʡ
ԣ
ʧܣֻءڣһɻڣ
˼ȻҶ𡭡
ŮӴǷһĨȣٿȥһѰԼһľϲ

ѩ׷ɡ
СݵһȺҵӣ˳⣬ԶĹ԰ȥ
кܲ⣬ɵôܷصȥˣΪ֪ԼҪǰԼѡһصأ
Сݿ˿񷣬ããѩë캮ض
а룺ʱڣҲ֣ɵֻҲվͻᱻɣ
ûã߽Ĺ԰еСݣͿѰ
ǣԷڵϣһһһıһ
ǰϣЩжԲ㸸ĸ𣿡
СݺȻЦϧһжˡ
ٺ٣ɵַʽ˶ݡ
ЩӶЦ
ϵ飬ûһ˵ֻǷףҶԣЩΣ
ڴʱһͻأ
СݲΪԼˡ
ףԼû
ǹڷڣǰܰӰһھ㵵Ŀע£վ
ꡫ
ϵı˪׷ѿ׹ء
һϮİ£ӰѩǾεļȴһ˿
Ȼû
Сݵɴ۾
ɵӿ湻ͶģûҲһ漣ˡ
ЩҲһľš
Ҫɱң
ѰɫƽϵһգĿ峺ޱȣ·ܵӳ
һѾߣһȺƻ׺ѩĹ԰ԼͼѲԶ
Сһû뵽һۣѰͿεĿġ
⻹Ǹɵӣ
ģ
Ѱ˵仰ʱСݶһ־㤵ĸоɵӡʲô֪ˣ
㡭
СݸҪ˵ʲôѰ˵ֻ㣬ּЩּҿ㣿
Ѱ峺Ŀ⣬СݵһθоһּҪϢĿֲѹϣ׹ߡ


1413 ֻ࿴һ
ûС
ڱܣСʶش
ȻԼôˣᱻһɵŵ
һ˵ŭ߷ӿͷҪ˵ʲôӭѰ峺Ŀʱʱð⣬һλϵš
ֻһֻСϣ
Ѱ㣿
Ѱʣɫϲž
Сʶҡͷ
Ժһհף⵽ô£
ģɵӷϻ湻ģôţСݹŹ㣿
һһĲͣȵֵǣλּСү·
ϣ
γһѩĵ̧־ȥ
ѰƳһۡ
һۣһĻ˼ͷˡ
ĵд籬顢촷ۣţյơ첲塢ͷ­Ҳ֮籬顭
ըѩˣѪδɽ׹һء
˼һĻӶɴ۾Ӳĳɵˡ
㡭㡭
ǻ£ɫ䣬˵
ǲΪɵӣֻƾ׸ɱˣ
ѰƳһۡ
ȻЩ⺷ӣԴըѪ׵ѪȾɺɫĿġ
Сݳɵˣʧأ˻У㲻Ǹɵӣ㾿˭
ѰȻҾңûиıҲı䡣
ܣ
СɷףǸɵӣΪλּưܣŸĸ˫ƾּЩ˽˳ϣȥ˶µļͷ
ѰΪʱһûףˡ
СɫȻô򵥣
򵥡
Ѱ̾һĿ⿴ڣ⣬̫꣬ЩףǾͲˡ
Сǡ
һη֣ȻѰ꣬ȴû˽
⡭һɵӣ
϶ܲģ
Ѱ˵ţͳԶȥ
һϮ£ڱ߷ѩ֮УѲԵǰǣһɽȴֻҽ¸׳Ƴơ
СݹʹƵģ׷ȥ
·ΥܾǷ˲ˡУ

񾩳ǡ
ٶȳִ˳УѰѲǸѰ
˵Ӧģ
ףⲻɵ𣿾Ȼûбϡ
һ¥ӵھۻᣬЩּӵڽ䴦
ѰۣЩּӵˣɵôֳˣ
ѵռһͷ֮󣬳ˣ
˼Ц
ͷһЩι
ӣ𼦹ͷҪЧ֮٣ʹ͸ѰһЩͷԡ
Ҳ塣
һּӵ̲סˣ͵س嵽ڣɫش𣺡ѰôȥּҲ𣿹ҹҲҪڳм㣡
飡
䣬ͱһӵһķɳȥһȥǵ£
ּӵˤͷѪȴֻţҿ
УȴպѰ
ѰһĻܿЩּӵܷߺޱȱ̬
ҲЩӵһϷŪֵ̬ԼӵϷģ
ֻǣȴȱ
Ѱ΢ЩźͲٶ룬Ϊܼˡ
ѰЩͷѧ˵׼һãһƳԡ
һվڴڴЦģһѹͷ˳
˶˷ܵؿš
ΨЩּӵܣɫˮǲΪѰΪѰǵ
Щͷɳˡ
ѰֹһĻĿ
ֻǣЩɢĹͷȴٿȻֹڰУһֻδָ߬ס
ţ
ЩܵȴѰǷ񻹻ͷӵܶһԭֵգҲһš
ಣ
ҲڴʱһعͷٿȻת绯һٿȻ仮ա
ڴڴԭһѹͷ׳Ļ꣬Цһ˲̡
һعͷʺ͸ǶƤУѪ֮ʶ¡
ɴ۾סʺҪ˵ʲôȴֻܷ
ͨ
һɵڵء
ڳӵʶԾɫ䣬ţһʱ䣬¥ڼɹһƬ
ಣ
ɾڴʱͣڰеһؽعͷһѰѷƥĽתϣ¥ڡ
ÿһӵʺԱ̴һѪƾǶжС
һؽصĹͷԾ׼ÿ£Ѹݵÿ£ÿ£
ľ񽣣û
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˿̡
ȫˣ
Щּӵûֻȴŵ̱أɪɪԺһƬհס
Ƕ˭
ΪѰվڽֵ⣬ֻ̧ۿһۣˣʼնû
ΨСɱЩӵܵģѰ
֮ǰڳĹ԰УѰͬķʽɱЩҵӡ
һУֻѰ࿴һۡ
СںȻ벻һʮ˳Ц˼̤裬ΪһЦɵӣôһתۼ䣬ͷ·һˡ
벻
ʱѰջĿ⣬ûƵģڱԹԳǰȥ
ƵģСˣ̲סɱЩˣվһǿ϶Źģ
ΪѰẦ£ЩӦ
ѰûУʼգĲɣԵǰƽݡ
Сݴ˴ҧҧϡ
󷽣¥дһ󾪺һƬ
СݶЩӵյ񾩳ǣעҪһ粨
ѹ˲Щ
㡭ѵҪȥң
ע⵽Ѱǰеķֱָ̾λʱСݲһʧг
侲һЩ򣬽ֻ»ܲסţĻͻܶ˼顣
ѰͷҲأҲԵúƽ
СҧѰıӰаȥңǺʲôҰͲЩȥ
һ룬еƽ١
ҿ񾩳ǵһȨ죬ؼǣ˭֪ĳʸͬҲˣ
ʸƽ̵ļ̳ˣ
ûãѰҵĸۡ
ռϰĶۡ޽øߴΡ룬ǰʯһһϢˡ
ʱҸۡǰͣı޳
һڳͷĴϰ֮󣬾ͱһһǸ֮ۡС
СˮͥС
ҹʼǰҰݷõĴˮһ㣬ɴ˱ɼ񾩳еȨǺε졣
֮Աȣּңֹſȸֱû䵽ʽľȵزˡ



1414 Թ
ѣ𣿡
ѰҸۡʱͱǰס
յңƼȻ˭ܽ롣
Է£ģҵľӣ޵гɣȲ
Ҳ͵ġ
ѰȻ
ԱߵСĬֽţǰɵѺǰһˣɱ˵ֶμֱǿֲޱߣ˼֮
ǿңƾЩػֻ¸ס
ͬʱְͲѰִ֣ҵĸ־ͻᱻɵӸɱ
ѰĻЩԲüʱԱһܻ߳һõ꣬һȺǹ°ӵţһݲĴ
ˣҵĴſɲ˭ܽģʮʱ䣬߽ţҲȥܶһֻûϣ
˵꣬Ȼ֣Ѱ߹ϡ
ǰ롣
ǰ
ѰüԺһ£ԭꡣ
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У׵ͨ콣ڷִʱв룬񾩳ǵĸȨա
˵굱껹Ǹ׵Ľֵܡ
ԴӸ˶ţּһޣ侮ʯûȡԭּҵء
ʱĸΪʹ˲֪ٴΣĹΣ壡
Ѱ֪ԭһƶǵõ׵ʶһ񾩳վȽŲڸ׵Ĵ£Ϊ񾩳ǵλ֮һ
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ּ֮Ϊ׼˶ٵ鵤ҩص䣬ûһۣˡ
Сݿɲţĳ֮󣬾ʹһһԾһܵǿߣ
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ԭЩǰЩ裬ϾѰȥԵЩԾ
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СݴʱѾ촽ϣɷף彩ӲϾѩһֱվһֱ̫ĥˡ
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ѰƳһۣЩ꣬ҹĺܲðɣ
Сѿڶô֪
ѰǶվôãǲʶҵ⣬ȴϳߵѾߣ𣿺ôҲҵˡ
СɫòƱѰ£ɬҷ̵Ŀɲ𽣬ߵһѣʲôλԡ
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Ϊ㣡
Сŭּưܣ޴ȥΪı棬ֻͶˣ֪̹㣬˵ǰ̵һɵӣʸȥҲֻܷһ
Խ˵Խίᶼ
ΪҪȥң
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СҧгݵΪ룿ȥһʣ񾩳Уҵͷ˭һּ߳Ѿߣ
Ѱô˵뿪ּҵЩӺˣˣ
Сߵǵǣ־͹̹㣡֪𣬾ΪĹϵЩֻȥһ
һӷŭίһȫˡ
ֲڽֵʱôżƲϵҲֲջЩȥɱҡ
Ѱ̾˿
Сݵˣ
Ѱ䣬СݣöҵĴ
Сݺԥǻ˭ĴҵĴ𣿡
ѰȻּʱּҲ㣬ѰҲ㣬ѾߣܵĴ֪Ѿ߸ߵȥˣʳǡ
ȴӲж
ּưˣԥ뿪ּңΪı·ͶңȴԼһвƽѰͷϣ㲻úܿЦ
˵⣬Ѱ䵭֪Ϊθ˵ôࣿΪ̹Һܶ꣬㵱Լ˿ϧҺʧ
˵գԶȥ
Сݴˣݱòڲڣҧг˵ЩͱҺˣʧʧҲŶԣ
˵ţ͵һķǻҲ侲٣ԶѰıӰһƬ䣬з뵽ȥѰɣˣұٺûκιϸ𣡡
ǱʶţѰܹŴ߳
ʱѰٴҸۡǰ
Щһɫ
ô㣬ģϽʲôĿĺ˼ҴŸܽģ
һȣ˵ţһƳѰȥ



1415 Ӱ
һƣƴʮ㣬һɺХ֮
ѰһͨеķӣһȥҲˡ
ѰȻǷӡ
飡
һ̣һƾ£ֻȴԼϣѱÿֲ֮
ͷ­Լ飡
һĻޱȣǸоԼһưԼˣѪˡ
Բһɴ飬ţǻԼˡ
ʱѰⲽȥ
վס
ϵһһγ嵶ŭ
ʶķӦ
ۣ
һ̣ǵ浹תͲʺѪƵȻ
ˣ£ɫ䣬һģѪȵһĻ嵽
ʱѰҸۡĴš
ʼգͷһۡ
ЩҵľӣʶԾ󣬾͵Ҫȳ֡
ʱֻԺ˵һ
һ̣ǰɵһصʬ壬ˣԵɴ۾ֹͣȴ촷ۡ
ʼգѰֹһΣͷһۡ
һĻĻȴԶСݾͷƤ飬ð
û޵֮սȴû˹ɱ˷ʽ
ѰһλԵ֮ԱӰǣһ棡
ֲ̫
ܡܻ߳ġ
СʧǣһֱܵʶŲĳгȥ

յҸۡڣƼ֣֮ŵƽʡ
ˮʹӡŮڲͬ򣬶ǰıͽ΢ķ
ҲоɵĻֲУ岽һʮһڣɭϣԱκһ˿⡣
˭˭ģ
Ѱһİ룬ʱһЩĿ⡣
ϧǷӦһ̱أϢȥ
ոܿѰǰ֮أһҵӺ类ոĲݽƵĵ¡
ʼգûüѣ
СݸѰĲ߽ʱһ·Ŷ壬ĵģֻܿһ߾ߵʬ
з촽ף򾪿ֶڣţҲ޷š

Ѫȣ˻ҵײôϢôˣ
⻹ʶǸ񾩳ǵһȨ
ûãһЦԶԶش
Сŷ֣֪УҵĺصأԶǡӭ
ʱƻ̸ͨЦڶ
ȻǻӭеĴǣûܷ֣һѾˣ
Сݻһ˵ĺ䡣
ңֺ֮࣬Ǻε֮ɭϣڣȴѰ֮
ֲ̫Ҳڲ˼飡

ӭ
Ҽϯ֮ϣ棬ɫһĨֵ΢Ц
У񾩳еͷĴնڴˡ
ÿһϣǫѷԴĵЦݡ
м̹֮
ʮǰһֻǳһƽӹʱЩʱֻܼβװӣĵЦţš
ڣһжһˣ
񾩳У֮Ȩƣֻ죡
һеת۵㣬ŮһŮ
뵽⣬ĿƳһԶһۡͷڡٷӢꡣ
ʸ
һλźĵӣƾ侪˫츳ѱڶΪһƽ̼̳ˣ
˵ʸĹϵӵ˽յȨƺ͵λ
ٹЩִ꣬ʱҲԿһŵˡ
ͷȵţһ񾩳ǣѾ޷Ұģ
մϢо¥һѪ飬ʱвӵܶɱ
ţһµģ߹˵һ飬˻ɣ¼ּģΪʱۻˣΨּӵûбɱ
üͷһ壺ּң˥òˣô£
ҲһģҲɻ󣬹ʶϢһɳֽе飬ֱڣֻȷһ¡
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ʱЩ˱ɱʱۿǸּҵСүѰھ¥⡣
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жʱ͵ЦһЦȥ飬վۻǷҪô¸˴ҵ¡
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У˭˺֣һȺүȫɱˣΨŹּЩӵܡ
ѵǺּйصģ
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ͬʱʸҲںߵ𽽻̸
Σ
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ⲻܣ
ɫ΢䣬òỳɣЩӵܶɵɱİɣҿһͲй
ʸüû˳Уû˵ǰ㳹׵ʧ
ûʸҲЩĻţٻһѾߣʵСǸ澻𣿡
ѾҡͷûС
һȥôãȻûѵ淢⣿
Եȣȥһ顣
Ҵҳȥ
ҧСһС¶첻ˣҵΣ룡
ŭ壬߳ʱײһӭӰϡ
Ϲ𣿹
̲סȳ⡣
̧ͷʱͿһµ꣬·ǰ˿ûбõ˼ŭˡ
𽣿
ɫȻڣƺȷϡ
ϾֻʮǰԷһΣʱ𽣬ֻһʮŮ
˭ֱ֣أһİ˳
üȻŭЩΪʸķˣţߵغͰͽᡣ
˭ֱ֣
ɫƽǰƢŮˣЩȷǵԼǰһʢ˵İ̬Լ˻ǸŮ
˵ģ仯󣬵ЩȥˣԷǽƢƺ䱾ˡ
ˣѰ
ԶСݳˣ촽³
ʲôѰ
˵⣬͵ʶʲôɴ۾˵Ѱ
Ȼʮ겻Ѱģı仯Ҳûϳ
֮ʶʵɵôˣСݣ澴ģ˵ҪԶټ
˵⣬ǷŭѵԾŭü
һӣӭУԭֵգҲǼţĿⶼ



1416 һ
Ҽ֮Ůǻʸķˣ֮Բضԡ
ʱȴڴ֮ⷢУ벻עⶼѡ
˺£
üĿ⿴˹ȥ
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ȻǾͿվڴѰ
⣬ѩ׷ɣڵƹЩƮѪĹɷ
һµӰǣ·ǰ˵𽵲ס·
˭
˶⣬Щ졣
ңӭǺصأһ˿Ǹûʸ˵صġ
ԭֵգҲǳֶݵĳš
ף
ϳѰЩ⣬СӲǱˣô͵͵ˣ
ϵôˣʵ
ҡͷЦһҲûУûʸϵãҸյִʱֻǵЩӣû룬ֽˡ
һ仰˶Цѡ
ǳͷĴȻ֪ǰ˾ǸǼЦ˺ּܶү
ɫһͷŭʲôèŽأˣ
ѰǰҲ͵ʶǰأôȫˣ
ˣˡԶСɫɷףָԶѰɱģɱģ
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ΨЦһЦⲻܣһ
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飡
˵ɳȥڴڣҵһ빱飬ˮˮ;ļ֭һ
ͻȻһĻһ궯
кͻʸɫ
ѰȴƻȻⲽ߽ӭ
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Ҵ̸һɫҲһλˣȴֱӹˣ
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ۼĻڳдﶼɫ䣬ĺٲʶҲʶǰ꣬һֲ
УҲƤ鴤ͷ㤣ʶԾˡ
һ˭еĵطʾ
ףѰ
һˮҶе
Ѱ
ʼһʶ˭ˣԶһľ㵣㲻Լ䡣
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ѰΪҸ˻£ˣ㾡Գһ
ͷɢվأմˮͲҶһŭضѰ
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⵽Ī裬䣬ˣΪҪմף
ܼ򵥣λһʣҲҡ
Ѱ˻һȫԾ
ʶʲôϴ䡣
һЩ΢ٶ۵ģҲܿ׹ѰֹǱǰ򵥣ҪΪûּһ˵
ּưܵ飬ҵ޹ء
һͰ֣Ż˵
飡
䣬ͱһɿֲѹȹء
һʱ䣬˽ŵˡ
Ѱֱ֣ڣγ֣͹һصĴǵȿֲԵ̫ˡ
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ѰȻ
ڽ֮ǰʶѸңӭеһж۵ס
Ҳȷÿ˵ݺԣЩˡѺûʲôˡ
㾿ʲô
ҧɫ粻
ʲôȻǱ˵˵ӽԺ񾩳ּң
ѰЦЦ䡣
ߣּңҲʵҲûʲôһ񾩳˭˲֪
Ѱˣһ˵ǰЩ꣬˵ⱲӢľǺּ˻飿
ɫЩ΢΢ڣ˻֮£㸸ҲͷӦģֲ˭
ΪҪɱأ
Ѱ˻һһ㶣д£
ףҵ⡣
Զɫ䣬ڡ
ˣ
͵أһֱĬĻʸİɫ䣬磬Ѱ֪ʲô
ԴУ͸޾⡣
ԲԼͬһ˵ʵ֮ǰǶѰŵˣ̻̣岻ѡ
ڣʸվǾҵ˾ǣϣ
źĵӣһƽ̼̳ˣڣɵɻҰ
ǸµӴԽ
𡣡
˿̼ÿҪΪ
ģڡ
ʸɫưѰּҵԴ㸸Բ뱨ȥţǡ𣿡
˶ЦǰȥŶŸ
ֻһ̣ǵЦݾ̣ΪҰУѰһƣĲӬƵġ
Ȼ󣬱ǺϣĻʸλŵĺĵӣһλ񾩳ǵ֮ӣͱ˳ȥڱѪݰ䣬ͨһԶǽϡ
嶼ʹںݺݳ鴤
ʱԾһƬ


1417 ¾
ʸ񾩳ЩУһλ棬Ǿηĵλ
ΪĴڣֻʮһԾΪ񾩳ǵһ
ҲΪյĳ֣õЩԷе飬ڽջҡ
򣬽ƾһ˵ķô
ڣʸȴһƸ˳ȥնףݶ䣬嶼ڲڣ
˶ɵˣоһɽǰȻ
㡭ôҡ
𽾪С
ǰôң
˭

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Сݿ޺Ҫ׷ȥﻹѰӰӣ
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һ죬ҷһϵ飬񾩳Ǻ䶯𺳡Ȼѩ׷ɵؼصš
˭Ҳû뵽ʮһЦּСүһѪȵķʽΪ丸ĸ
Ҳû뵽ʸСȵȴڵǿߣ粻һϰ㱻̤һ˽¡
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ţû뵽ŶѰһͷڶ죬һͷͻˡ
֮һ񾩳˺ܶһʱ䣬񾩳еҲӭһϴơ
ʮڳȨң֮ʹ˥䣬
ڴ뿪֮Ѱһּңʱּһ顣
ѰҲûнֻͣǸЩһųؿԼˣ˵һ䣺ĸĳѾˣĳҲֻˣһţּҾͲ𣬵Ժٺ޹أ˭Ҵҵ£Ҵף
˵գתȥ
ʱЩּ˻һ˷ܣͲѰϽʧǰʡΪɵӶˡ
ڴѰ£Ǿ͸ˣ˭һɵӵ£
ӳ˰ɣ
ɵдҵЩּ˶ɵˣڡաʵӿͷ
Ѱ̫ǶˣôǿΪֱչ¶ı죿ּ䣬ֱɺޣ
ߣΣվѰˣǾǴΣѵҰǶɱˣ±߱ɱ˵
ЩŭּҲݡ
׳ŵӣѰֵ£˳ռ˳һ¥֮
ҲѰ˵ķʽּҵ
ּҽ˥Уÿһּ˶¹ޱȵ
Ȼ󡭡
һּӵںͱִбɱĶӣּŭȴҲֶ޿κΡ
Ȼ󣬹Ѱ뿪ּʱ˵һ֪ôأʹ˳С
Ѱּһˣ
иڵһʱ֪Ϣ
Ժּҵ֮ƿʼƵƵܴۣû϶õĺӣֱ᧿Σ
ҲǴʱּЩ˲ʶѰĲЩˡ
һʱ䣬ֺŭΣģһ˵ĺڡ
ѰּңĻֻּʶ񾩳˰ɣ
ϧҲˡ
ҲҺã˽֪ѰǴּּ֪߳ҷĦѰҲᣬû˸̫ΨֽѰˡ
ּԺûйʲôӣ룬
ȻЩԺ顣
뿪ּҵĵ죬Ѱ뿪񾩳ǣȥš
󣬱µһţѰһ̤ƽɢ
Ϊ֮



1418 Ľ
񾩳⣬Ĺ԰ڡ
ѰڸĸǰĬãĿ񷣬һ૵ʱ٣ΪдлޣôΪ棬Ϊ档
һɿӿѰͷ
ѩ׷ɣǰһо򽥽ãģޡ
̫ʱдߣһΣΪѷ裬󻨲֮䣬ʱ֮
棬ã
ǵûΪңһûΪ
ν֮֮
ѰƴھŹأֻأʮڤ룬٣ãü
棬֮桱һ֡ü
ЩȻȻΪѰʽΪ桱

ͨؾƴϡ
ѰӰ³֣΢΢һ㱺ָγ͸ϢҲһͨ֮ϡ
ϲ㣬һء
֮ͨ£ŮӲ֪ʱѴϥѰĿдһ˿ɫ
ѰһĻĻԱ۵ףƶʮ£һݵֻء
ͨؾУҲֻʮʱѡ
ֻǣŮȴƽ
ΪѰڴʱС򡭡޷Ҳ޷֪ģ
ΨһȷǣѰ˳üͨ˿顣
Ҳˣˡ
дʱǺʱģŮ̲סʡ
⻹һѯʡ
Ѱ룬Ҳûڳһ̣Ҿ֪Լ˭
ŮһΪ㵱ʱسɹ
ѰΪҵʱˣֲԼ˭ȷԼ񾩳ּҵСүȷϴķּҵĵϵ᣿
ŮƻȻһУǷҲһã
Ѱͷԣǰҿɴû⣬һֱɣ֮ǰľڡֻءеľõġ
˶٣Ц񾩳ǵЩҾһֱ룬˭ʲôʵʲôõģһǶʮꡣ
ŮзʣͽϣҲϡ֪ΨʥˣŻҵĿ飿
Ѱһʥˣ
Ůӵԣ㵱ʱģʥһ٣Сߵ桯ֱָľܴ֮ĥѣǿ£һ޷ƿ˽٣һԻữɢ
Ѱ죬ʶԼһ󣬾ʥ;ϵһйأ
ɹؼǣԼδʥ
ѰɫҲЩףΪŮӻֹĿ⿴Լˡ
ȻԴҲе䲻˼顣
ʲôŮӼʡ
ѰԥΪ档
֣Ǻܼ򵥵һһѪʵڵˣȻΪ档
Ů֪Ѱˣ
֪Թʥ;ϣڡߵ桱һ£ɢʥˣ֪
Ѱһ߽پǿߣȴڻԵɺ֮£ƴھŹвһ㣬ֱһ˼漣
Լкθı䣿
Ůٴʵ
Ѱһ˼⣬ľˣǶʮҵľ֮ʺĥѣѲڴˡ
룬˵ңѲѡ
Դƽȴ¶Եš
ˣŮӲٶʣһ
ˣ
ʱ䣬ƴϸֳһƬĹ꣬գţѰǰ
һڣһƵĺɫڝģҹ֮ɫ鶯ϡ
Ů
һǴ߹ءپĽС֮ɶݣڿռŲǧ֮أʥĿռŲ֮𡭡
ʱѰһʶȫһ
ռŲƣ
ֻǧ֮أصʱҲԷӳЧ
Ψһı׶ǣʥ֮µΪ˱ľԪʱ˴ǽҪͷҽòҪô˱
Ůһ仰Ѱ侲٣Ķѣܳô˱ȫԵһ־ɱﵣ
ڶǴڰ˹ءƵĽСǧʧǺϣԿԴ˱ƶ·ƶϳͿ޵Ϊߵˡ
ŮӵѰ̧ۿȥ
ͼǵڶУһյ͹׾ͭƵյ渲ŷܻɬĴо֮أһöָ߰롣
ǧһ;Ĺű
ѰĿҲ
˱ֵ֮ԲɹԺһЩ첻ĵط޷ƾ˱ָ·
ѰʱһΪǹУֻһ⣡
˹͡ʥһĪ֮С
ǰھŹصĽʲô
Ѱ档
һ
Ůɫ΢΢ЩƮ㻹ûо츳ͨɣ
Ѱһҡҡͷ
ϣÿһȺһ̲Ѫе츳
ӵ츳ӵо츳ͨĿܡ
칷츳ͨǡŵ֮ᡱ
һ츳ͨǡɽ֮𡱡
СΪĺᣬ츳ͨġ񽣵
壬ͬӵвͬ츳ѰĴԨ񷱾Դ
ҲڡԨ񷡱츳ͨ
ǰΪԨ츳츳ͨʹйء
ڣѰѶ϶ֻһĴΨдԨ츳ƿغͲ򣬲츳ͨ
òᣬһ츳ͨйأ
ѰһĿ⿴ǵеһ⡣
ŮӵͷСԻ츳츳еıԴӡӶ޵ƿ츳һͨš
˵⣬Ѱҽƾȥ츳еıԴӡȻٶһˣյ˼Ч
һѣһǱѣעһ
ѰʱȻݣǺεܼ츳еıԴӡ
ûãѰһһ֮ǧҲϲòѡ
ƴأܻ˷Ľеޱȵ⡣
Ҳڴʱͨǰ
Ρͨ죬ߴһ䶥ͨͭãԶϢ
ǰѰһֲ׺һڣϵĸо֮ͨţʵ̫Ρ룬ֱӵУ
Ҫ𣿡
Ůʵɫǰδеׯֻ࣬һΣƲԺŶĿܡ
ѰҲȻ֮ͨǰĬ
ʱһһš
ŮҲͬھĬû˵ʲôҪѰԼ
ãѰһ˾ϡ



1419 ȥ
ŮĿע£Ѱҡҡͷ
Ժ˵ɡ
ɫƽ޲ʡ
·Ҫһһߣڵ֪Լ֮գΨ̤ǿչŵϵʱлȥ⿪ʱѰ֪ã
δʥδǰǿչŵ׼кܶҪȥ
ͨؾǣ
Ϊ˱ĸ૑ͽ׷ɱ֮ǰ˽磬Ѫ˶ٵ
˵Ѱ˽⵱࣬ͨؾǼؼһȻ޷̱֮ͨž֮Ŀܣ
£ȷԼǷƿţɲȥôҲҪΰסͨؾ
ֻҪͨؾڣԺ󣬳лƿŵģ
ŮһԭΪѰǺ־ǻԥѡŵģûС
ͷЩʧһ˿ʧ㱻һĨȡֹ֪һִǻۡ
ѰԳǰˣֻǸоţЩѡ
ŮȴƾһǿҵĸоǰֻΪѰлƿš
ڣΪѰпƿţ
Ժ飬ȴŮƾһ˿ڴ
һĳ;ȴڴʱŵС֮ơߵ桱ֱ֮һܵ漣Ů̫⡣
ܲڴгһѰǰʱĳ

ϴķ壬ּҡ
ʱʮѰӱչ߳
үչصЩּҡ
ҵһʱ֣㱨ּҵĽȴѰЦŴϣҲԺЩˡ
һ
ѰѿڵʮڣעҪ뿪ģּҲѡһλ̳ˡ
׹ɫӵүˣһῴּҵģ
˵⣬һ£ˣǰӾѹǰ˵֮ǰʹһ
ѰһĪ۹ַʲôֵ飿
ҡͷ⵹ûС
Ѱ룬ͷӦ

ʹǬԪ
Ѱˡ
ѰʱԾѲЦӭΪһˮ
һĻЩ̷һĹŮУһԾУ֪ºּҼãȴû뵽˵Ĺϵǡ
ѵˡ
ЩŮ
Ƕ°ɡ
Ծѻ˻֣ɢЩŮֱֻʣѰˣóһ򣬵ݸѰǹ¹µһЩ¼λ¹ɲ򵥣㿴һס
Ѱһʱùϸ
ûãüҲһĨɫ
еϢܼԣֻ¼һЩ飬ЩһǼ侪˵Ĵֱʡ
۹Ժ¹Ժзĸֹս¹Դڵֶ졣
֮¹±ǵ۹ԺĴʼˣʱ¹±ƺΪ¹ϡ
ˣʦ磬ͬ¹ǣͷɵ۹ѡһƴʦһ齨ɡ
¹ѧԺĴ죬ͬ¹йأɵּԺ¹¶һ֣۹һѧԺ
еġࡱ֣Ժգ¹¹µա
ԸԡʡԡַʽΪ۹ѡ˲ŵƶȣͬ¹׫ƶɵ۽ʵʩƹ㡣
ͬʱҹʥá߱ѪӪĽʦȼĿƶȡԻٺ¹йأ
ʱѰס
ܹ뵽¹ڵ۹¹㼣ȴû뵽µ㼣֮࣬Ե۹Ӱֻ֮Զ
ǵ۹Ժ¹ѧԺʦ硢ҹʥá߱ѪӪĴڣɶǵ۹֮Ӱ۹ĸ֡
У¹µǻۣ˭ţ
սװı¹ڣڵ۹нƹ㣡
Ѱˣֲ½ĸ֣͹Ż֮һ
Ż򣬹ϵͳ̾ᡣ
ڹŻУȴ׵۹ĹȣҲûԺûʦ硢ûиʽսûսװ
˵׵۹λ½磬䲻ۣԶԶ޷͹Żȣ׵۹УȴԳһи֡
޿ɣһбȻ¹ܲɷֵĹϵ
Ϊ¹ܹ쵽һ
һλ׼۰Ŀֲ½磬ҲڹŻ򣬶ǿձ˰
ЩϢԱڵ۹УɢѼҲţλ¹ֶλ֮˵á
Ծһ£塣
ڵ۹е˶Ĵ飬ȴعȷɣҶѡ
ѰЦ˵㣬Ҷ֪Щ顣
ֻǣϢȴһ㶼鲻ͺһƬհһ
ԾüΪ۹˶飬ȴֲΪ֪ͺܷˡ
ѰǱģҲ֪Щ飬ȷܷ֪ԭ򡣡
֪ԾѲ졣
Ѱ̾˵ӣ֮Щ֮ݣڸǹԼ飬޷Ϊ˲˷ְˡ
ˣԾˡ
ѰһԺһЩģҲûŪֻ࣬һЩƲ⡣
Ծѵͷ˽Ѱ˵ʱԲԼ
˵һ£ˣŻӺĸױҹѺ˻֮أ㡭δǣ
ѰĿһУԾѣһͬĸĵܵܣһ㸸׵ңҲվף硭͵㸸׻ʱɡ
ԾѾϸֳһĨЦ⣺֪ǵΪѣʵȫˣֻҪ룬Ҷ쵽
ѰЦˣ㸸Ϊѵġ
ԾӨĴ𣬴һ˿˵ĽͲ֪ˣʿҵģֲڣն࣬ͷѵܴײɣ
Ѱ̲סЦʲôи첲⳯ˡ
ԾգѰһۣΪ㣿ȻҳЦңǻʹҵĵ̣Ų˰ˣڹﵱһС
Ѱʱͷ亹
գѰҲûţԭܼ򵥣ԣŻӺĸѾעܷһӶܻڿػжɹ
ΪŻӺĸףվԾѣԼŲɷָĹϵɮ濴棬£̫
ֻǣѰ֪ǣԾѰּŻӺĸصΪϳĸӶ˶ΪˣȳͷʵɱǶҪпᣡ
²˳٣ȥһ˱¾ӡ
̸飬Ծ˵Ҹ뿪ʱʲôѾ֪ȥ߱ѪսѾ֪Ҫȥ߱Ѫսֻȥ¾ӣȥһСšˡ
ţ
ѰʱԼǰ߱Ѫսǰ߱Ѫ̩ҲԼǰ¾ӣһζޱȵļȡ
ȻҲǸšߡ
Ѱǵã̩ж⡰šɲһ


1420 ˼
޼
½֮Уɱ
ǵ̩Ա¾ˡšۡ
ʱߣѰ͵ʶǸ׽½׼۰᪣˵½ĵ۾
ţɱ
񣬰ᪿеĵ۾ڣǶţ
뵽⣬Ѱɫͷôͣ
ߣȥ
ѰҲĶˣ治ѡ
ȻŵĿģΪǰ߱Ѫս
֮ˣѰ˴η½磬ĿľΪѰپ۳ʥ֮
굱˵½֮УͬѰʥĴ
񣬵ۺ͵ۺһڵ۹еĿֲڣʮǰ뿪ǰ߱Ѫս
ѰԾѽƲ⣬νĳʥ߱Ѫս
Ѱɲˣ߱ѪսУһյ򡪡
ɣֵأ
صıѩһֻſϣɢʥϢϢ΢ɬɲ⡣
ͬᱩİײһʮԾ
Ѫɫɶ꣬Ϣʥ֮С
ͨɫǧɳݷ֮£ͫ䣬³¸ȿֲ
ͨĲսìݿգս壬Ľɫɢһɫâض˺ѡ
Ѱǣ뿪ɣֵʱ仯һɫϼΪ׹䡣
һصĹϵ֮䣬̨ױоǧŰپʮŲ㣬֮ݣ
ɢϢǵأʥͻͣɣֵ򣬶ȾһʥֺĹ
һУԵǰأ
Ѱڷ½ǰʹ´˵½ž۳ʥȻ
һλλ꺣ġ桱ϹĴ֮һΪغͿɲ
һ߱Ѫսеɣֵأͬ˷˼һĻĻʥ
֪ۡۺ¹ѧԺԺһڵ۹ʮǰǰ߱Ѫս
ѰʱʶǼȥľǡɣֵء

ϽǣǣһƫƧĵ
һӵͥԺУԺϣһҶ
¾ӡ
ּббֱͯСͿѻ֮˲̶ӡ
˵أԾѲɣ
Ѱǵڶˣɫһ˿׷䣬ȷҲû뵽ʮһ֣һҲ͹ݡ
꣬ʱֻж쾳Ϊ
֮ǳ߽پľߣֹ˵۹Ϊµһˡ
ѰԾѽǣǽ뱧¾ʱȴ˿ˡ
һľϣʢĵСˣһƣֻƱ
ľԣһͷϡ裬᾵СͷƢĶš
겻Ǹ塢ģйһ˿仯
ڶŶ棬ͬһλˣŻۣ뷢Ұף繵ݺᣬԵޱȲϡ
˶ϳµϢĲɣ֮УΨȴɾӤƿӳճĵܡ
ǶţˣϢԺѰһ˼ˣҲ࿴һۡ
ѰΪѲǵɱȣһ۾ͿϢѰʶУȴ޷׽ϢӰ
֮۾ƾǸ޷ŵĴڵģϢȫ㣬֮졣
λ˵Ϣƽˮ棬ƽ棬ȴһִ޵Ĺ֮У
ˣѰҲʶȻǹ̨ϼ˾
뿪½磬ǰŻ֮ǰѰ̨ϼ˾̸һΡ
ĵͬ¹¹¡
ʱϼ˾˵ڿɽٵ¹֮ܺйء
Ѱȴľ˽⵱ٵɽ࣬ȷ֮͡йء
Ϊͨؾӵ
ϼ˾ܹƶϣѰܲԾ
Щ˼ԺһȴѰһľϵĲ
û뵽һЩ˿ֻƬѣ̲ôԼע⵽
֮ǰѰΪλ̨ϵϼ˾ҲѸ浱һǰ߱Ѫս
ȴû뵽ڽ뱧¾ʱλϼ˾Ͷһ
λǰ
ѰԾһ
䷹ġ
ŷ˸ۣҲãʸ
ϼ˾΢΢һЦѰƬ̣˵ֹʸ񣬻ʱոպá
˵ţѳ𣬵ڹ̨ǡ
ѰԾѶһʶǶţϼ˾·֪ǻǰ
ɣȥΪһЩԵġ
ϼ˾뿪ˣҲ߽æ
ԾֹѰסЦͷԸ񡣡
ûãž׼һЩȣԺѰشõǺܲ
ˣΪ׼һơ
ѰܲӴЩ䳢ζٴƷ⿵ĲȣɸѰһޱȵܡ
ɰһζ٣һ˵ζȫը
ѰܵģԾѽŽɣҲƷһˡ
һڣ۾š
ҲʼãԵòֺ
ľ磬ԱٹȲʳû취⿵Ĳʵ̫óˡ
Уһ࣬۾һῴһѰһῴһԾѣҲ
ֱͱ㣬Ѱп칷ⶼ㹻ˣȴЩȵʮ֮һ
ԾΪȻص˵ͷ
Цѣϲ̨棬ʲôʱ򳢹Ρ衢ᡭʲôζ
ǰԹѰʣΡ衢ᣬֶĲ
ߣϻϷԹʳ֮࣬СӸ󲻳ϻ˵ǷҲԹˣ˵˵˵Ŀİɡ
ǰǴΪǰ߱Ѫսָ֪ܷһ
Ծѵ
㸸ġһףһԾС
ԾһʱУ
أ
бѰһۡ
ѰҲʵ˵½о۳ʥĻᣬǰãǷ߱Ѫս
ŴǷЦų߽پΪѣͿʼʥˣǷЩøԶ
ѰΪȻԸ⣬̤볤˽پڳŽپעҲѲҡ
Цǽϵٽأ
Ѱ͵һɫ΢䣬ʶֻѿԼϵһЩԼڼޡ;
Եü䲻˼飬ѰˣĿھ˵ԼٵĽѣ
ѵԷһλ۾ڣ
Ƭ̺ѰָƽȻ٣ǰδУһжпܣɵϵ٣Ҳѡ·
⣬ھ֮ʱ˼ãҲΪĬĬ׼š
Ѱ㵭ŷЩƵģǵѰ˼



1421 
űͷ²Ĳ⡭ţ½еȷһ۳ʥ
Ѱˣž˵ϧ㻹һЩ룬˵ץסѡ
Ѱü˻
̾Ϣ۳ʥΪܼ򵥣Ҳ˵㿴ڣΪҲǿڳ߽پˮ׼Ϊڳ;ϿԳۡ
Ϊ̫ǳųپѣι̣ȴǷȱĥ
ûخһľʥطҪִнԿ˸ıһ֣;ߵһЩ
ȴ崫У֪ζʲô
ͨ׵˵̰ã޷طڻͨΪУȱݣ޷۳ʥż
壬ʥ
𻯶ʥ
ͨʥ
ֵ;;ͬ飬ڲʥǰֵ;ޣɲһ򵥵顣
ϵ٣ǰǰյһǵ
˵⣬ƸоڿʣƺͿһͨŰͼ˵
̫ʱڣȻ⣬Ϊʱ򣬸û⹷ƨͨĽϵ١
һ֮ǰôͺԼҲûʲô𡣡
ҲҺһѾˣ䣬Դգֵ;ҲѰôϣ
ϣУʵ첹ȫ;ϵĶ̰壬ֻϵٶɲȥ۳ʥˣǳ롣
˵⣬ƳһѰԣҪģȥǸξ۳ʥȥ١ϵ١
һƪѰɫҲǱ𲻶ֵͷȵľ֮С
ӹŻ򷵻½֮һֱ˳˳ˮУ£ʲôۡ
ڲ֪䣬ȱʧһ־ġ
־裬Լĵ;Ƕʱٵվһ֪
Уȵ;ǰգҲıսս
˵ʱɫΪ࣬һ̾͵˵СӺøԶûдɣ
ѰԭȻм֮⣬ɿģĵʱɢȻԶ֪ԼĿ;ʧ·ܽкøԶ
ƤһƺյߣЦӴ˵˵㿴˶Զ
ѰһԼڴƴڰ˹ʱ򵽵һ磬С֮䣬ǬǬִǬ
ۣ
ľ͵ҿԲѣǸݵŶǺ죬ֶһ¡
һģѰ˭ģ
ɲţѰ㾳磬Ϳ۾ܲ򵽵ġС֮
ѰҲˣ⻹Ҫң
ɫòۣɵԼģ
һ̣ǻǵţѰһθоЩڣͨܣҪƵġ
üʲôԵĵط𣿻˵һѱ֤ʵ·
źһ˿૵СûƭңĵȷԶģԶˡû˵ˡ
ҡҡͷѰʱĿѱºͲ٣㿴Ǹ磬ûдԺˣڸ˵̫ˣΣԶ޷΢
ʱԾѽμУɫ΢΢Щ㱣Ѱҿ޷һȥ߱Ѫսˡ
Ѱ㵣ΪΣ
粻
Ŵ³ĸ֣˵ؼǣǵط̫š
ԾѿЦȷˡ
ΪͻĽپΣԡ
ǰ߱Ѫսһ֮أҲҪ߽پϵ
ʵ㣬ȥˣҲòĻԵ
Ϊ̫󣬴ʥ˶ĵز
Ѱü޷ȥʶһҲ԰ɣ
ʶ
ЦǸ˵С̫񣬻˵֪أҿȷ㣬ȥˣҲеһЩΪЩڵܹģҲ޹ء
ʲôѰü
ʥץסΪʥʥץסΪʥʥץס
ɵۣѰһ
źٺЦЦûп϶Ҳûзϡ
Ծѣ˿Ҳһȷ̫ˣĿǰľ磬͹š
ѰһͷƤ飬ȴ϶кܶʥϵǰɣ
Це˵ͷ
Ѱʥʥ׼ۣ
Цеģпܴڡ
ѰЦȥˣҲûʲôһȺϻʳﰡأһֻϣＴ㱻ӣֻҲᱻЩϻצ
ЦݣЩһǰ϶硣
Ѱһ
ǰ˿ɲá
Ծ
ŹһЦ˵Цѣ棬Ͽɴ޾Ե飬Ȼ㸸СȥĿܻ᲻տ
Ծɫ˲١
Ѱʶ˰ţ϶׼ˣԼȥ
߰ɣøǵĶ˵ˣʮСһˣȥ߱Ѫս
Ŵһӣ´

Ҹ˵̨ϼ˾ᰲǰһˣʱǡÿ˳ȥϸ򡣡
뿪¾ӺԾѺѰڷĽֵϣ˵
ڷ½ûãϸͶ뿪ǰλ꺣ġڣѰһЩйص
ʱѰԼ԰Ϊ񣬾ѾԶˡ
Ѱ֪ԭΪԾѰźһУһɣҲá
Ͱȥ߱ѪսɣһҪǿһжҸʰžǡ
Ծ
ţҲǣǹɼĪ⡭
Ѱ˵⣬ͱԾЦŴϣһȥ֪ܲͷİɡ
ûã˹̨
ͯӭȥ
̨ۣ֮ϼ˾ѰеǰɻǵãǰŻ֮ǰڴһΣ
Ѱͷǵá
ϼ˾纣峺ʱΪռһԣ뿴һǰ̼ף֪ҿʲô
ѰһС
һ̣ϼ˾˵ǰ·ããɵü
ϡͳŶеĲɣϢ
㱳ݣһнԲڣ
ѰһâӿǰǺ⣿
ˣ಻ɽ⡣
ϼ˾ƽ㣬һ˿ӣЩֻף֮·ߣԺҪС¡


1422 ѽ
ѰĬƬ̣һϼ˾л
ɫƽ
ǰ·ããǡδ֪á
ǰ;Ǽȶģվ̫Ȥ
ݣһвڣ
ԵǰУɻ֮£
󣬻ʲôѰϡ
ѡüľ֮ᶨܴӰ졣
ûãѰ뿪ˡ
ԾѼǰ棬ϼ˾Ϊ䰲г̣ЩҲѰֵܲġ
ҵ
ٱǰԾƽ濴ѰһҪչ˺Լ
Ҳǡ
Ѱ֣ǰӵ뻳С


Ͻһǰǰ㷱
ͨ˴Ľֵϣ֯ˮҪˡ
ĵ۹ƽڵ֮֮ص֮Ҳѽ
֮䣬ٷϴˡ
Ȼһڱ⣬Ǧĺ֮糱ˮ㣬ϽϿա
ɲǼ䣬ҹ
жʱһ궯޵ߣǷ䣬Ȩǵײƽ񣬽Ա
ʲô
⡭
ÿµĽƣ
۹ʹ¹ѧԺʦ硢ԼһŷУ֪ٵǿ߶ݣѹ֡
Ƚƣֱ̫Ϳɲ
λҪɽ٣
Ŀ⣬ջϴķϣ֮ϣӿֳһ޴絹©ĽС
оţȴɢֲޱߵĻϢؼ䶼ڲڡ
Ͻڣ˽ѹϢĸо޵ߣĸ֪ΪܵӰҲǿҡ
ʱƣŨī֭ĽԽԽ࣬ԭʵİ磬ȴҹĺڰѹ־㤡
ϴķ֮ۡ
ѰڱϣԣŨܵĺڷڷƮɫС
ѣˣ
Ѱͷȴѷһ˿
Ϊѵȴ̫ãҲ޾塣
ԶҡС桢յȵּҴԼһˡƴ̴ŮһɫţԶԶš
̫ףǺѣܲΪѰţ
䣡
͵أһŨɫĽը죬֮󣬼񷣬ʮ
նҲŤ
ϽУһЩ޵඼ݺݳ鴤ǰֱðǣ궼һһζ
ǿǿߣɫأȻѡ
˿£
ֻ֤ϴķλּ̫֮ˣĽȻѰ
ٰζɹ
һ̣ټϽǣƹѹ֣Ĵﶼڴ⣬ڹ
Ѱ۹֮ĳһˣƽһ˶ѣȵ۹ˮ֮УΪǡмƳ硣
һ棬עʷᣬʷ
գӭڰ˽١
ѣ
̨ϣϼ˾ĬԶ
¾ӣջһֹСӶɽٶѣֳô󶯾Ż˭أ
䣡
䣬ɲܼ޶Ĵģ¡¡쳹Ǻ֮УضҡΡ
ջĶһ¶һζЦݣ˼ǿѣƺû
ȷû
̨ϣϼ˾ૣһˡ
꣡꣡꣡
ûãһ˺ѺƣĹ⻮ƺڰأѵڿ衣
ǵۣϽĿɿڴһЩӶѶأдʣӡ
ˡ
ϴķۣ֮Ѱţ¶Цݣ̬УϾһƺ«ͷ
Ʈ裬ڷڽ֮£ͷŭܡ
ǰľɣ˶ס
䣡
ڣнУһѤõĽӿ֣̬¡
ÿһƹ꣬ԾӨ͸ɫʰ쵣µĽܻ
Ĺһ٣ǵȾһĻͻ͵˼£Ҳֲ˼£
̬ŵ۾Щš
ǡͬ찡̨ϣϼ˾һ
ϽˣֻкµĹ꣬ͷ·ϵɹ⣬ѤáʢҫۣþĶǡ
ΨһЩϹᣬȽ׺εȿֲԶԶţǸеľð
ϴķۣ֮Ѱơ
ΨϣȻֳһԨת
һִ帡ԨУˮڡã̫ѭתХĺ
޾Ľ׹δȽѰӰǣͱתĴԨû
ţ뺣ʧӰ١
ʼգκײ
ΨѰӰԵΡѤá
⡭
ע⵽һĻǿߣ޲Ŀ࣬ҲУ
ԶԶȥϴķ֮ϣˮƵģſһѪڣǹ׾û
ǵۣʵƽ
ֹ̬̬һ
ϼ˾򷢳һ̾
䣡
ϣƷ׺ܼںХţĹ⣬ճ˼䡣
ֲˣ絹ҶµһٲӣȫɽܻƺƵӿ䡣
ټϽǣȫһѹֲ֡ĻϢ⡣
ڡ
ϹĶɤۡ
٣ǿɴӲֱҪأһ
˲˼ǣϴķۣ֮ѰδԹͷƣա
񶼾Ľףƾ仯жֲԱֶĴԨû
һʱ䣬˶һַµĸо
жֲΪǿţŸƵ̬׽Σ
Ե̫ף
߸ǵ֪
ˣˣ֮Ҳˡϼ˾˼ԼоѰ˿̵ĵ̺ˡ
źȻһЦ˼
ûá
ϼ˾ǶţһУɫ棬
ϣƽƽͳûɬؼգȴԽԽѹ֣
ܿ죬һЩǿҲԾɫ䡣
ϽеɲûܲΪһƴޱȵĿ׽پͽĻ
ʵϣȷĻĻǰȴһ˿ֲĽţš
Ҫ٣
ûãؾţͣͣ
һֹļžؼ䡣
ѹֵ޵߶һˮϢĸоҪܲסˡ
ϴķۣ֮ͷһξƵѰֽƺ«׷ɡ
󣬻Ȼ̧ͷ
ڵӳ֮һ׽٣˺֣ȴƲĿеһ˿
ৣ
Ʈ裬ѰӰ̤ն
ԶԶȥһԨٿȻӴ𣬴⡣
ͬʱϣͣͲнϢӳһס
׵״ֳһսì̬ɬڡϵϢ
һ˲ػ޹⡣
һ׶ѣȴϲ־֮ì䡣
ǽԾԲ



1423 ƴ
һס
ȴϢ֮ì䡣
˿̣ԲǽԼš
źϼ˾۾ɫء
ŵУƾѰ͵֮磬̽ץһսì
Ŀ⣬һɲͣհףû뵽Ѱֱӣ֮
źϼ˾һΣЩ⧲
ǿֲһǽףǣǵ֮Ѱ
ѰȴֱӶˣ
ϸһ룬ҲѰɽһ϶֣֮ǰһֱƣӽ
˭뵽һ֣ʯ쾪һĻ
䣡
һسţݺôÿͷ
ͼѰ߬סһף֮䣬ֲƥ貹ϼƬնȻݡ
ԶԶȥһڽһͷĶԵƥԵ
䣡
սìĻɬâתɽХĿֲϢ
˶𺧵ǣѰ͵طһХ˫߬סһף͵ط
꣡
춯ذľУսìӲ۶ϣһΪ
⡭
ЩϹԴǣı޾ȡ
Ͻֻһ˰Ӱ֮ϣ۶һ⣡
͵һĴȣ̫˼ˣ
ϼ˾ЦˣܲĲϣֳһĨοԼһ˵ĸп
¡¡
ױ۶ϣȻɲ׵꣬ѰкȻһƬض
Ѱھκеһʯƾˢ˿
һĻ棬һӡΪϽһ޷Ĩȥĺۼ
º֮ܶǶǵãһˣ֮£Ͻף٣
һɲӰһ⣬

һ죬Ѱɳڰ˽٣ѣϽ𺳣Ϊ֮ڡ
ɢڰȥ䣬ÿһ˶һΰĻ㱸С
ּдڣ˿ɺ
ŷ̾
ֹҲ
зˣ˷ܵۡ
ϴķϣҲһƬڣÿһּ˽ԴԺη硢ȵɫ
ЩƴЩūͣ㵸ϲ
֮ѰѸκֻҪڣһ˾̾Ĵ棡
棬ּң


ɽ֮ѰĴֻͨ⣬һƬͨ͸
֮С
ɹѣ˳·ϵһμһڤڤдڵڣң
ˣԼΪ֮츲صı仯֮ǿ˲֪١
ջģһ޵е־
ѰԼߵĵ;ͬڲͬҲͬľ֮·ͬ
·ԳǰδС
ˣŻԵޱȼѺա
ͬģÿΪһõҲޱȾˣ˿ɱȣ
ھŽ٣ǳ;һѹأֻҪʲôأ޷赲ҡ
һı仯Ѱһ˼⡣
֮Ӧÿǵǽϵ١
˵һȱݣ޷ȫ޷ɹǽϵ١
ȱݾ;С
ԴԺ󣬵Ϊڽϵǰʥ۵Ĵгںϡ
ѰһĨᶨ
ϵ٣ǳʥǰֲյһ٣ǵ̫ʱ֮󣬾ܹԽ
ǡŸѰһɹ˽ٵĻͿܡ
ΣҪΰס

Ҵȥ֮Ҳ֪ʱܹһЩʥҩһıͶּңҲܡ
ѰС
գ㼴ǰ¾ӣŵ߱ѪսǰһЩнС
˵ţѰһóݸҡ
ⴢУѰѼΪһЩʽеҩģԼһЩʥӹŷлõһյڲۣӰͥжõһ˴ꪡ
£߰˼磬ÿһʥ˶ѵıɶѰԣЩֵȴǱ֮
Լɳּҡ
үһҪذ
֪һ죬ɵһʱɳ˲͵ǡ
ҲҲҪأϴķϣǣҵľҲԺ㽫ем齻ˣʱ䶼ϣʣԺע̤ϳ;
Ѱɫ档
꣬һνϽʱҾһֱĬĬߣѰԣҾ׽ĳ޿ȡ
ѾԼõһЩе伮ĵңΪ׼ҩͱ
ôҲϣҿԱøǿ󣬻øһЩ
ããá
ܼһҪŵȵү
ѰȻЦ˵׼ЩʱҾͻˣ˭֪ء˵һ仰ֻҪԺ𣬾ͲҲɲҪ̫ѹˡ
һͷס
ѰּС桢աֻԶѩ塢ӥȵϴķҪ
֪ѰҪ̣֪ʱܹǻٶЩᣬףͶ̡
ѰҲůůġ
ǣң˲Եǰ¶ҲãҲգܱȹ¼ҹһҪǿ
ౡ
Ѱ׼ȥʱ͵أһ󼱴ٵԶ
һӰƿϸǺȻһԲ򣬻Сһ
ౣ
ѰһСһﾹˣ
ںܶǰʱ౾һĳ˯Уһֱ
ֱ½磬Ѱȥ̽Сһϧʱ౻ڳ˯С
СĲ̽ϳһֺܺġ顱Ȼ֮С
Ϲʱ򲢲Ųͬ츳ͬзʽ
ͺñౣзʽ˯Ϊǻ壬ԪҲ֮ûϲ֮
ͬģɱٶȣҲ֮
ವһ£ԲײѰУһԲ۾Եúܼ౵ؽиͣ
Ѱִ˴౵ĶƤǰǰеԣƤƵģҲϲ
߱ѪӪʱ౾ͰߣôȥˣСһﻹǰǰ㺩̬䣬ϲ
ϧѰվҪǰ߱Ѫսעǲܽ౴ߵġ
ֱ뿪ʱһſˮʣ౽иͣǲģѰһ̡
գҲֻСһﰲϴķУ
磬ĺʮ֣Ѱһ˱¾ӡ
׼׵ˣ
ѵȺǡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ŵϣҲϷһ⣬޷ԿĵˣŻŻԷ˵׼ܱסһС
˵ţһ˵ĹóֶѰ


1424 Ԫ
ƿưƴС˵Ĳۡ
ѰУȴһΡɽѹ⧲֮£嶼һΣæתνС
Ż˵ģ
ѰȻʶ̽ȴæֹ뱻ñô

Ѱɣɿ飬Ҳûѡԡ
һЦ˵Ż˵ģⱦɿ޼֮һҪպá
Ѱü⻹Żʥ˲ɣ
Ųмʥƨ㣬۾֮£ͨһУӶܰƣϾϷĶѰɱȣ
Уһ˵İ⡣
ѰŹƣĿŶŵҪԣ
ɫһͣûϷĶŵϷСӻٶһЩ˼סֻܶһΣҪĹͷǧ׶á
˵գѰӦĻᣬһӡ
ʱ䣬˵Ӱʧ

۹ʹһء
һӳ¾ɵĴǰһϲɣϢɫ̳بų档
ϣһҶ߱Ѫ
Ѱһ۾ϳԼ
һν߱ѪսʱǱ̩˵أ֮뿪
ֻǣһεٿǡ߱ѪһϵĴѰ˺ܶ¡
¹ֲõİɣ
Ѱ
ŵ˭
Ѱ¹¡
ȻѾ֪ˣ
߱ѪӪĴͺ¹йأ߱ѪĴڣĿܻ¹ûϵ
Ѱһ˿пƲ⣬¹ܿһλ׼۾ǿߣһϵ裬һҲ¡
һʮǰؾ䳹ױ߱Ѫսѳױòһȥ˱֪
һӡ
ˡ
ǹϵɫ̳⣬Ȼĺӳһ
Ѱ׼жȴס֮ɫѰϻһϢ
Ѱһⶼˣ
Сɡһ
ವһ£СӰӳ
бһĨʣֱؿС죬źȻЦ˼һֻ̤Ͼ۵;棬츳ͨΪĳϹʱҲһֻһУСһҲõ˲ٻԵͺô
һۣͿСĵϸ
Ѱа𶯣ϼһѵһλ۾ڲɣ
߰ɡ
ջĿ⣬˻֣δֹСѰһ
ǰǡ
ѰһСϼ̳
һ̣Ӱʧ
ĬĬעһĻֱ»عžظ㣬һ૵۳ʥǰͿܷץסһƽϵһˡ

߱Ѫս
غ嫣Ⱥɽۣ˷Ũɫ緭ƺתڡ
ϣɽ续
ÿһɽǷдУ
ÿһӣˮˮʱƵĹɽʯľֳӨ͸֮ɫ
УŨ
һվɽۣ֮һɫϼƮҷһͦӰǣķɫһĨ֮ȥ֮ɫ
ˣǸոյִ߱ѪսѰ
ֻǴ˿̣ȴԼ˵ط
ѰУ߱ѪսУػҰػҰããǴݲ߿ݽߵļ
Ĵϣʬ鲼УŻѪȸϢ
ݼšѪȡѹ֡ճ߱ѪսĻҰɫ
ؼǣ߱Ѫսû
۹פڴ˵ߴҪƾ鵤ҩ
ڡ
һжˣ
ؼ䣬٣Ũɽ㣬Хĺؼ
Ǽе߱Ѫսһ嫡㡢ɼҸص磡
һһݣžӨ⣬ҩȴѺѵĲľȫͬԳǡ
Ѱڱ֮価¡ŨлֻһĿ
ʮ䣬ȫˡ
֮񡢾֮֮Ͼžй֮޲
ԣؼһ˿˿Գǿжżĺô
ڴһգ͵ֵһ֮
ãѰŴн侲ʼĸ֪ȫͬ߱Ѫս
оԽߣԴԽ̡
һлζɵɱΪһССܳأ
ʱѰڵ۹Угɳ
ǳ˽پľߣڵ۹УһӶ̤ʥ
ԭܼ򵥣۹еԴԶԶ޷󣬲ңȱĴ
Ȼش䣬۹ҲһҪѰ۳ʥ֮Ҳֻǰ߱Ѫս
ֲôԣ½ͬž۳ʥؾĲ߱Ѫսȫͬˡ
Ѱһ׽ǰʵ
ಣ
һ̣ѰӰʧԭء
ʱ
һƺƵĴ֮ϣѰӰƮȻ䣬һ˿ɡ
߱Ѫսױˣļ䣬ΪܿѰٵɣֵصڡ
ȴû룬Ѻȫһ˲֪ٱ
෴֮ճ֮أΪҵ۹֮Ӫء
ǵһν߱Ѫսʱ̩ѰƤֲϵһ仰
ֻǣʱ߱ѪսУе۹Ӫ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣˿ɫһ·򣬾ʹٶ̡
ţ
ɾڴʱһУʶӦУӵײһ䴿˵Ϣ
ӰһΣѽӵײ
ˮһȭͷСľʯںӵףɢƵԹ
Ǻ
Ѱ̧һץͽ⾧ʯУһʱȣ⾧ʯڳžޱȵϢ˴еġԪ
Ԫһ缸ѾĹ屦֮һֻʥ֮أ
̺޵ŲɹĴٽá
ʥУһĶ츣أ޷󣬿Ԫеӭж⡣
ȱǿµ޵УҲûʲôá
ΪԪ̺ߺӴһ޵߸޷ܺ
Ѱ֪Уټĵ۹УѸѰٲǹŻУҲֻЩϵͳвӵС
߱ѪսУԪˡ
Ѱа˿Ƕʥ˶ԣҲƵһбأ
Ԫ𣬱Ӻӵӳչж
һ·ϣѰĲ̽£½ɽ֮ѼһЩԪдСӲӣʮ㡣
ңһЩۼ侪˵ɽУһЩҩģҲѰزߢһա
ʱѰѳ׶϶˵֮Ͼžʺϳ;С
ô߱Ѫսȫʥڵ裡


1425 
Ѱһ뵵ɽʱݣɽͣƵһѵޱȵĶ츣ˡ
ڣȴռݡ
ڴ
뵽⣬Ѱһ
¡
̫һһյʱ䣬ɽ͸صžҵķ籩˷顣
˷ӿѰڣȫӲӣÿһ缡ÿһѪ⣬̰ǰޱȵľ
գȫѪС
˲䣬ѰͲԼΪǿʢһ˿
½ֻһ˿ҲѰݲѡ
һѣһ˿֪ȫڴΪýĺε֮졣
ˣԪҩġܳãΪܸ졭
Ѱ
߱Ѫսʱǰɣֵأ͵ۡۺЩϣʱҲע޷ʲôô
ΪΪȥʥ
ŵָ㣬ѰʶĿǰҪǵģǾ۳ʥǶɹϵ٣
ɴ˽٣Ϊ̰ͱ뽫䲹ȫ
֮ǰѰûʲôͷڣʱ֪̽˼ƽϡ
߱Ѫսһѵ
ڴ֮ǰ״Ϊá
Ѱ˼ʱٶ·
ֵǣһ·ϣɽ֮棬ûһŵ顣
ɽӼ䣬ûݣҲûвľ֣ӵĺۼûС
֪ؼŨþˣ׵ģֱڣѰһ
Եúܹ죬ܷҲ̽˽һЩϢѡ
ֱʱѰʶǷΧУ̸֪һҵײ
һǧ֮أд򶷵Ϣţӡһ壡
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ٿǵĶ֣ͬΣŮԲࡣ
ÿһһͷѪһӨɫһӲӵ
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λ꺣ֲԭסȺϹĺᣬڶࡣ
Ѫʨ塢塢塢ţħ塢塢Ơ塢ľȵȡ
꣬ѰԾԼ鱦ʥصһֵǰʱʥؾУЩȺеʥӼɱ
ǿߣҲ
Ѱȴû뵽߱ѪսУܼǿߣ
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Ѱǰ߱Ѫսʱֻе۹ӪӪѡ
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Ϊһǿߴȡ
쿴
ͬʱ˾г
ͼһӰһõ磬ƿնһ٣ӳֳһͦӰ
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һȻӳĿѤãϬ񷶼
ɲǼ䣬ʮǿ߼δһͱƥĽиѪ̻ը
ɲǼ䣬Ⱥһ
ŮӽԴסͫ
ǿһȺӵгپΪǿߣ֮ǰǱȵöѾ
ڣȴݽ㣬׾ոˣ
һж̫ͻأɲǼĻ𺳣ȴ糤ӰźŮӵ˵
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Ϊ׵ĺŮȷӦ
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˵ʱǶѿѰģһȣû뵽Էᡣ
ɴΪʦǿΪ𣬳һǰҲӦġ
ǰӪȵѰĿ⿴źŮҶѩʵҶңҶǰʲôˣ
ҶѩǰǼҸ
ҶСߵĽ㻹ãѰ
߱ѪӪʱѰѲ࣬оҶСߡ
ҶѩЩȣǻشҶСǼ֡
ѰЦô˵ĻҲˣҽѰѡ
Ҷѩһ㶣ϲô˵ǰǸڸϴķ֮Ѱ
ѰӣЦڸɲҵУǰˣҿûǰϡ
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ҾͽѰɡ
ҶѩˬЦһϮױɴ䡣
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ҶѩأЩߺޣ˵һ顣
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ˣողǿߵ˵ҸǰԮ·ϣҲ⵽ˣ
͵أҶѩһ£һ䡣
ҶСߣѰʡ
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Ҷѩ£ǴҴ·
ԭѰһЩ߱ѪսɿҶѩģջסˣȼҶСߵʱҲ١
䣡
ûãһײԶԶ
ԶԶȥԶĵطһƬտĻԭʱǻԭ֮ϣֻһսڱ
һȺǿߣΧһֵۣꡣ
Բ֣ȴ쳣䱻һȺǿΧȴƾŹȰһδա
˭ĴΣգ
Ҹ磡Ҷѩ
ѰҲˣһ۾ϳҶСߵݣôȥĻǰԲ֡
ѰҲҶСߵΪپ
뿪ЩҶСЩ߱ѪսļһΪҲ˷츲صı仯
ѰһпףΪڵ۹ûмҶСЩʱѡ
ȻǼܶ߱Ѫսˣ


1426 ʱ
ִ磬ȥȾҸɡ
Ҷѩ
ѰȴЦˣżټһʱ䣬֮ĥ£пǺġ
˵ţóһƺ«һ߹սһյغ
Ҷѩ˶㵣ʲôʱˣĥ£һҶС߲Сıɱô죿
ֲѸݣԭ޵硢ִǸһˣֻܱסС
Ѱп
ʱ߱ѪӪľ
꣬ҶСǲʶӵļթѰΪ̵ӡ
ʱٶԷ̤㳤;սȴûı٣ǰƻꡣ
ԶսУҶС߽п಻Ҫ֧Ųסˡ
һ뵽ǻԼȥоͷŭˡ
ģӸǡ
ŭ֮£ҶС׼ƴ͵ؾͲԶĵطһȺ˳֡
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ҶСߴ㵵ǣȴ죬Ǿһ㶯ûУ·ûޱȵĴУϾҪˣ
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ŭǣΪ׵һһƣ
ģ˭СүЦסԣһôǰ죿
ҶСһ͵ؾϳˣѰ
Ȼһ

ҲһһȻ˺һɼǵ˺ۣѪܵġ
ҶС߳ʹֺԲдܻеѰûСү𣿻Ⱦƣ±Ǻ
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Щǿߵɫ粻Щ׼նһҧƵȫҶСߡ
ȻǱսپĴ㣬ʱȳҶСߣȥѰǡ
ҶСߵĴʱΣˣƾУ޼¡
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ȻŭޱȣҲԵþʮ㡣
ѰϾһھƣٿЩˣһ׺ޱȣǵĶ־ѾҡˣΪ֪ǵĴھһвǲòֳһǡ
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˵һսʤѶֻǶһЩ֣ѡ
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أսȡ
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˱죬ͼѰһӳĹ⣬ѺХȥ
ۡ
һ̣һǿߵ壬ͱһնɱѪɡ
ҶСߴ˴ŭڣѰһҪѰ˵ļơ
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ҶСǳӰ͵ͣǣɫһò
ȻҲʶһ֣ŰûһȺǿߣӦͱˣ
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ҶС߷˸ۣ˵ʱһѰеľƺ«ͷһͨųһûڲŷ֣ʵǿǿΪΪһ˺޵ҧҲֻš
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ҶѩҲЦˣѾѰҶС֮Ĺϵһĺá
ˣʲôʱ߱Ѫս
ҶСʵ
졣
Ѱʵ档
ʲô
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Ϊʮ߱Ѫսȫ˽ƫƫˣֻ֤϶˰˽˵صͨһһˡ
ҶСɫ
ѰŻȻ˶ţͷǼһȷһˡ
ҶСߺȻȻһЦǲкܶɻ󣿱磬߱ѪսΪαˣΪζô಻˼ҩġԼԪ
Ѱ
еȷ̫ʡ
ҾͲ㣬Ҳһﳢһʲôм尾ʲô󲻵õζ
ҶСߵЦһƵġ
ѰŶһĿĶҶСߣúֱëǵЦݶýӲ
ҶСĭѵǿɣ㣬ҶһָҾ͸
ҾͲָͷΣѰЦеһëȻζ
ҶСǰڣַʹôˣһǴӲ·ƵģҷˣҲˣ֪ʲôͳͳ㣬˰ɣ
ѰЦҶСǿļ򣬵Ѱĺֵܣ壡
ҶС̾ϢҡͷΪΪ޼ɵĺˣ塭𣿡
˵Լ̲סҲЦ·ֻصʱ߱ѪӪеӡ
ȥˣǶڸԵĵ;ԽԽԶɵµ
·¸ɣ١
䣬ʱ


1427 ۵ɽսĴ
ʮǰؾ䱬߱ѪսҲ֮ȫͬ
꣬۹ۡۺ¹ѧԺԺ߱Ѫ̩һڵ۹һӵܣ߱Ѫս
Ҳڵ꣬еĴͬǿߵִڴˡ
λ꺣һλϹȺΪۡؿֲֶοһλ꺣ϹŴ󣬴ͨ˽߱Ѫսͨ
Ժ߱ѪսУΪ۹Ӫ̨

ǵ۹ӪλԼĪһǧ֮ġƲɽѪŮҰǰ򡣡
Ӫ̾ڼ֮أƲɽأ԰һλѪʥסϹ򡣡
ˣλڼ֮أƲɽһǧ֮أɴţħһλʥˡ򡣡
ҶСߴѰˣƲɽȥ
·ϣҶСߴ½߱ѪսеһЩ֮Ѱ
ѰĬĬţҲԾ
λ꺣һλϹΪۡĿֲ˭
Դͨһ߱Ѫսֶͨεȷƿ¡
ҲֲøղŻ߱Ѫսмǿߡ
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ҶС˵⣬Ѱвһ𣬵ɣֵأ
ԣ˵һƬġ籾Դء޷ĴԼĪ顣
ҶСߵϧڿֲʥ֮µǿ߶ԣһƬأȥҲûʲô𡣡
Ѱͷ
⣬ǰ߱Ѫսǰž߹
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ֻѰȴû뵽ɣֵԭһ籾Դء
˴ǣӪеĴҲڵһǰɣֵڡ
ҶС߼ˣЩЩ;ϵǿߣлڴ档
ѰΪȻȷˣ޵߶ԣѾ㹻£ʥУҲϰĴڣڣ£Եעûǵ¡
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ҶСЦҲҺЩЩ겻ڣץסᣬ߱ѪսеԴڶ̶ʮʱӿֳһĳߡ
˵⣬ҶСʲôüΨһ鷳ǣ߱ѪսУֹǵ۹ӪӪ̾ᣬЩΪԴƵƵͻɱ
ǵĴԽԽùˣֹӪΪУҲΪ֡
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ÿ꣬ɽƺʯϣͻḡֳһܶɬĴ̺ۡ
Щ̺ۼ֮ڴ˹ߣԿΪ;ڽ
ң̺۶ƾŲɹãޱȡ
ɽֱ۵ɽ
ɹǣÿ꣬Щ̺ͼŻһΣÿһΣֻһܹƺȥʯϸֵĴ̺ۡ
۹ӪʱΪɽƿȨһޱȵѪս
գ˭Ҳκβ˭Ƕ¹أÿ꣬ڹ۵ɽ֮ǰչһս
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ʱӪѡǿߣһһɱջʤһɵɽʯеĴ̺ۡ
Ϊ˹ƽʤһʧȥһΡ۵ʸӪ֮ǿ߶Կѡʤߡ
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ҶСЩȷˡ
ҶѩֱԵʮǰһսϣջʤʮǰӪʤʮǰǵ۹ӮһΣԺ󣬹۵ɽսУͷֱӪʤˡ
Ѱ㵣㲻ţ۹ӮһΣ
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УҲٴž֮ɫ
У
ѰԺظֳһ¡ɫ԰סĬԵ
߱ѪӪУиѰ˼Ϊ̵ӡԸƧɫǧ겻һһѽ
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ΪȹƣƺУȴһ룬Ժੲݵ츾Ů
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ѰûмǴ뿪߱ѪӪǰ˺ʥУΪӵһּ亱츳ܹܻҹ֮
СҲѰһ㱣ѾܶûǸƧļһˡ
ҶСЦУʯɡڤǿҲڣ֪ˣ϶ἤ໽С
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ǶǴ߱ѪӪ߳Ҳڵ۹Ͻһܶ顣
ֻԴѰǰŻ֮Ѿкܶ겻ˡ
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ѰȥͨɫеĴɽֱһʥ֮أס
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Ѱип
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1428 Ƕ
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ɴأȪɫٲ㣬֮к£ҡ
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˴⣬н۹һѹǰ۵ɽս
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ı
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ҶѩǽԵͷ
Ѱ˵ЩûãȥС
á
ҶСߵͷ

ƲɽɽһƬ۴αȵĽԾ޴Ӳʯɡ
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ٿԾѣڱѪպףͷɢǱѡ
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˶һΪʮǻǵһӪмİһӡ
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˭߻ѱŭʱҲµģ
СġʱѰԾ壬͵һҪѡ
ֻǻû˵ͱһǴĶˡ


1429 ֮
ž
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ʱطһȺѳеľ󣬶һ
ǿһ̲Ѫˮʱط˵ɫ䣬ŭʧǾȻɱ˶ӣ


1430 Ұ̬
ط˷ŭ׵һɲŭЦԼģ
ԣطоԼܵ裬Լһ߽پǿߣԼ浱طǰ׳գ
˵ţȻѰɡҶСߵ˵ӺΪˣȴӵɱˣֱ׶񼫣ﲻ⣡
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ҰĹ۵ɽսǵ۹Ӯ٣ÿһʧܣζһǿߣһΣϣܸı״
á
ѰӦҲû취ܾ
ΪгΪ۹սҲܾܾ
ҰЦѰһϡ䱦ƵģڴãֻҪӮƯʱһǰɣֵأУһκơ
ԣѰİ

һ죬ѰִƲɽ߻Ծ壬ҴԾΪ֮͡ݣһڻȻ𾪡
ĿǣΪ۹ӪִţߣҰ£ΪѰĵٰһ¡صϯΪӷϴ
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ֹΪһͷԾˣҪǡ
Ѱˣ
һˣѹǴ
߻ԾսѰƣ


1431 ڱ
ˣ
һҹɫ𣬶ƱײһɫľˮɢŨҵľ㡣
ƲɽһƻͨĵУѰɡʯҶСߡڤһʱͽѣһۡ
ϣѶ˺ȿյľ̳
УۻȣЦ̡
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֪ԽᾧɲǴײˣܵõ
߱ѪսУҲҪѰٲܻõеϡȱԴֵɹ
۹ӪУÿǿ߶ռԽᾧеɣҪϽӪУΪսԴʡ
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ʯ֪ϢʱüЦѣЩһۺˣ
֪ͷȥѰ˵ǿʱʯһЩ
ôǸһɸǾг



1432 
ȱ
һϵŷϵţһ¹ѧԺķһ겻޵̳
ĵ۹ӪУս֮ǿ󣬿λǰ壡
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ǲɵˣ
֪ӪУΨһܴѹģֻҰˡ
ټϣһִʱ߻ԾǶ⣬֤Լǿ
ʱ򣬾վսͺѰˣԷҪôɵˣҪôǱˡ
뵽⣬ѰоȤֱӵ
ȱûüԼ⣬û˵һ仰⣬סˡ
ڳǿҲ㵣ֱ̫룬ȫ⧲
֮ǰǻǳ⡢ָѵѰһԴȱơ
Ѱһ仰ֱ֣ӴǸֲ
Ǹоͺһ׼ϯûʼҪճ̫ջͲˡ
ϵǣȱѰƬֱ̺̹ԣԼҲ
⣬Ҳ̫Լˣ
ּñڴ˷ܸУһӱǻһ˵ܡ
ѰҲһ࿴ȱһۣߣ
ߡ
ȱԥشĺʹ졣
ѰʱһûܵκвϢɵѰʳʱȱȴ͵زһ˵ΣϢ
类һвϣâڱһ˵ѹȡ
жϳһ֣ԼذܣԺʹͷˡ
ֻǣַӦȴȫֱӬƵģɫһѿ˼¡
֮ǰʦڶĦȭƣ˷̸ܽн񳯽գԲѰ棬йͷ֮޵̬
ΪˣǷӵҪĿѰ³׼ҪѰʱݺݲϼţ棬֪³жҡ
룬ȼֱӵĶԻȱֱӾͲˣ
ͷβСĪˣ
һЩǿ߱öѪȱ
طԾ壬ЦݶϣǣţһͷҰڶ
ȱôԾôˣ
սλӪǰ壬жԾüļ겻޵ţ
ˣ
ֱڷʯˡ
ʯǶһֻľ㵱飿
ΨѰǰһҲһ㵱ϣõŵ¡
֮ǰһҪ
Ȼȱڣȫע˾һ
طһظģ΢Ц͸͸ġ
ϣ
ͼȱȻνһˮ·ҫ۵ĺ⡣
⣬ֱָطȥ
ͻһĻֹȫ㵣㾪гطһӲ
Ÿ˵͸һôˣ
̫ͻȻˣֲ
飡
浹Բ˼ٶȣƿطķ͵ֵݺļϡ
ƵУط˱ķɳȥߵķݣϣ׹ƺ
죬ŴǾŭȻʹĴУƺ͵ط쳹
ȫеǿߣ޲˸һĻҲܵ˾š
˭û뵽һѰսȴطıĻ
ڷ˼
ϵһȱսδͣѰңңһ֣˵һ䡰ͻˡתȥ
أ㱡
ΨԾȱһطﲻ;棡
λذɡ
Ѱ仰תʯݡ
ʼգ֣˶ʶԾȱϲ׽Ū˵ˡ
֮ԷսֻǲʲôҲʲô
һʱ䣬еıƺδõйĲʣһ־ɵȫ
ٿѰʯʱ˶¶֮ɫ
˶֪Ժֻû˸ȥѰˣ桱õչˣƱػȥ
˺ܾɥ
ҲһѰ±ƽ޲ÿ춼ڼΪʵжɹ
ʱ䣬Ҳƽɹš



1433 ֮
ɽ޼ӣ겻֪ꡣ
䣬֪ѰƲɽһˡ
һУ۹Ӫ֮䣬ʱмҵɱ
Ԫҩһıйء
ܵ˵۹ǿߵĴһУֹˡ
ĵ۹ǿߣòȺûңķΧҲࡣ
ԭڣӪˣԽìͷָ۹
ӪȻû֣˭Ӫп϶ĳֺ
ˣ
һ죬Ʋɽۣ֮һһ貹磬Ѱչصʯг
ÿһ磬Գӯʹʵʣɷǹ׳ۡ
ʯУѰѪںܻ塢塢̫塢塢Ԫ塢ȹϼתݣܡ
ϸȥÿһë׶Ө貣籡⣬Ѫ֮䣬϶ĵ
ৣ
Ѱһɿֲ˵ѹҲ֮նݣ縩׳Ƴ
ͻˡ
ѰͷһĨϲá
һУΪɵĳپͻͽһż볤֮
һ꣬ĸ磡
ȥ䣬һ漣
ɶѰԣֽ
߱Ѫսһһ޵ʥأչ֮أƲɽۣ֮õԴԴԴϵԪҩĹǾʥ۵ĵá
޷ΪϻȡĽǲŽв
ؼǣ;ϣÿһؽѰѶɹʶΪϵûżϵ赲
ֻȥΪ˳˳ˮͻͽ
ңѰʱֵȣ̰ð֮٣Ҳʵȹޱȡ
һζϵһʱѰĽΪߵľ硣
ûС
ܹһ֮ڣȴΪپѾѰ;ϲ
ʵ޵ߣӵѰӵеԴ츳Ҳͬ԰쵽һ
ԭܼ򵥣塢꣬;ͬ飬ֻҪĳһ;ȡüߵ裬ȥ;ȡ°빦Ч
ѰǣΪԴҲһɱ䣡
ھ֮ʱͲΪĴԨ츳żеĺӦϵ
ԽǿԴ첨Խǿң츳Ҳ֮ڲһɱ䡣
ʱתΪԴһطգӲӶĿĻɬһֻ÷֮С
ڴͨؾھŹʱһһɡԻ츳츳еıԴӡӶƿһԼѪе츳ͨ
ѰʶΪԼ츳ͨѾԽԽˡ
ڴԨ츳ıֻͨӵ˼ܡ
ĬĬ֪ãѰ߳ʯݡ
Ѿٱ쳵ΪѾãٶȽɱ䣬ĥ
ֱԣۺ񣬵ȴǷȱȱĥ
һ㣬ѰԲˡ
ĥΪսЧһ;
뵽⣬ѰŲɽȥ

ԪԽԽռˣ֪һЩõطѱЩæ¢ϰռʵɺޡ
ǱߣСⰵ˫ӡۣսСʮ׿ÿһŲȱǹⰵ˫Ӿ͸ˣǵ۹ӪУֻҲֻ֮
ǱߣλСսǰʮɶһһĺݽɫһţе츳еĸ˫еͨ졭
ǵ۹ӪߣҲֻСȱʯ˲֮ԿԶԣ۷̫Զˡ
ƲɽӪУ˶ۣɫٶЩήҺͳء
۹ӪĿ;ȣǽԸͬܡ
ֱ۵ı־ǣÿѼԪҩ
ǵжܵӰ졣
˳ȥ˳֮£Ӫ˵ֻԽԽǿ
ǵ۹Ӫһ˥
һʱ䣬Ƶĳ̾ƲɽһӰƲҵ
ףʲôӣȻôɽ߳ˣ
أע⵽˴ɽѰ졣

Ҳһ㶡
һʱУѰɼͷ¶棬̤꣬ڵʯݡ
֪ģΪƲɽϸûѰ
֪ģҲܲѰ¶֪һܲǣȴһɻ
ԭܼ򵥣ԴѰƲɽһУʱ򱩴ԾƣҴԾ١֮͡ݣһ仰ͽȱˡ
ʱѰһֱһֻ㣬Ұչˣȡ֮ԪҩȴûΪ۹Ӫһ
һҲûУ
Ȼ˸оܲƽ
ΪǿΣΪ۹ӪЧʲô
Щ۹ǿ߷ߺ޵ǣѰܵԪ඼ðΣѼģ
񣬵۹ӪĴԽԽȣѼԪҲԽԽ١
ѰܵԪɴӲ
˭лƽ⣿
ƾʲô
ʶʱѰ֣Щ۹ǿһûʲôɫߣģֱŤͷֱӽӡ
û˸ҳЦ
Ծ尤ƣĿȱ˵һĻҲرǼš
˭֪Ѱǣȴ޷ıǽ桱ʵ
ѰˣЩ֣ΪͲ֪Լ飬ʯҲûи
Ҳ˵ѰһܵġչˡԼһ㶼ġ
ޣ
Ѱ߹һʱߺȻݺһ̵û˵ʲôֱĵζѱ¶š
Ѱʱֹǹ𣿡
ǻһԼ飬ѵԼ𣿡
ʲô£Ѱ졣
޹ģǻû£ܵ˶չˣһԾûУ
Ĳʹ
ɶ񣡡
ȻȥһΪ̬˵ȥᱻѪ
ѰһͷˮĿɨˣǶһԼģɻˡ
ô£
գѰҵ׼ʯ¡
ʯЦʲôۺ£˵ĶԣŤۺĿ㲻ᣬоˡ
ô£ǼʣҲøһʵɰɣѰ
ʯΣֻܽԭί˵һ顣
˽֮ѰһûΪβ˵
ʯƤЦռ˵飬ǻֹɱ˱˻ԣԵú޳ܡ
Ѱһץסߣҳȥһˡ
ʯ㵣ɶ
ϴΪ֮ܣѰɫȻ



1434 ̫
һ죬Ʋɽϵǿ߽Է֣Ȼˣ
ֱһ漣
һˣһˣ׳԰׺ȣܸչˣӹ̡
ڣȻ뿪
˶죬š
Ҫȥʲô
һʱ䣬ΪĽ㡣
Ա㣬˼ǳȥɢɢģ
ü
϶ˣ
һЩҧгݣԽԽߣǶ˼ѣ浹ãôĳ
ķ֣Ϊ۹Ҳ˵׼
˵
ʱܵ༤ҵ
ķ֣滹𣿡
ֱ޳ܵļһͱĶˣ䣡
ģҲι˹
һʱ䣬нѰʷļơ
ɽۣʯбչصҰЦˣ϶ܣҵҪϴ̳裬ָƽϢҵŭ𡣡
һУС
£ҰţѰסѰ뿪֤¶ˡ
û֪һѰչˣΪ֮
ԭܼ򵥣ܵĺôҪܶΣҲѰʱˡ
ңԸġ
Ұ⡣

Ǿǹɽƾ޹̾ᣬŷḻԪգӪǿ߰ռ
һΡɽǰʯɫأ˵ɽ֮ϣʮǿһŲڳ߽پΪ
ѰԶȷһɽ
ҪȥҪһЩ֣
ʯ̲סȻҶսţɾƾֻºѡιһû˵أôˣ
ѰԹԳԶĹɽȥʯһ㵣æϡ
˵׵İ취ǣҽɡҶСЩһһйƾֵܵʵ´ɽҲڻ¡
ʯ߶߶ġ
ѰΣң˵ϻɺã
ʯûҲǵȻɣҾͿһ˳ǿ˰ɣǧ𱻴ſˡ
ô˵⻹Щġ
һѰûô֣֪̤ϴ˵еľ۵;ɱϾûмʶ֣ʯܲģ
Զɽϣһλڵǿߣһʱ䷢Ѱʯټһ
ˣ
¶Цֵǣ۹Ǳߵˡ
ಣ
䣬һӰǿߣһϢǿˡ
ѰʯӰʱҲһû뵽˶ѣĸ
۹ӪĴԽԽˣôһҶЩˡ
˺Ц
ٷϻսپɽϵԪϾڹ⣬֮ǰǵ뿪
Ϊһӳڣ´
ȥǣ
£һӰڻеĻһ߽پǿӳһ磬Զ
ҲţҪ⡣
Ϊ׵ӷԸ
ǿԶȥ
ˣ
ʯһսӿͬʱ˵򲻹ӣˡ
Ѱǳ鴤һ£ҲһΣѵҪʯɫͲģ
ĻʯΪԼԴްɣ

¡
𵴣ǻһǿƿն׵磬ɨѰʯ͸Ųм
ʯɫһӣҲŭ׼
ͼѰѳ֣÷ϻ
䣡
򵥵һȭӿѪ貵Ĺ⣬ȭ֮УֱԶħһɽͶ춯أնҡ
Ȼ󡪡
ǲŸյִ¶м֮ɫĻǿߣʯǾ㵵Ŀע£䱬
ֽƵģȻըϵ̻
һȭɱһλ߽پǿߣ
Ѱ֣üô
޷š
ʯȷʵӡֻǡô
һʱ֪˵ʲôˣһ󷭹ֻøղһȭܣֱˣ
ԣǸ֣
һϣ
ܿ죬ǿߵִǻǿ߱ɱһĻûһɫ
ԡ
Ѱ
Ҳá
ʯͷһϢƺҪ濴һĻĻ
Ͼղһȭ̫ˣûüӦǻǿ߾ѱɱ̫š
ɱ
ǿ߳
䣡䣡䣡
ɲǼ䣬ѰȭԴΪõǡʥ֮ƥսսӡ
ÿһȭ֮ӡƾǬ˵ǸƥԵס
󣬾ͼУըʢѪɫ̻ˡ
ˣ
ʯһһΣڿǶ̫ѰǿͿɲ߱žѹ֮
Ǹоͷ·һͷϻӶצӣ˼ֻӬƵġ
ʯ֪ǲǲӬһپÿһ۹Ӫǿ߾裡
һ֤Ѱǿһǿ
̫ˡ
Ѱʱ̾˿Щʧ
˴ɲɢĵģҪĥΪͬʱϴ̱֮ܡ
룬־˲
Щɫõ۹ӪƵƵܴ죿Ѱ̲סʡ
ʯʱһ˵ͲڣӲͷƤʵҲûôġ
ȷ̫ˣʯ֪ν͡
Զһ궯ڹɽϵӵˣԾһɫ䡣
ݲˣ
ֻǣ˭Ϊǰû˵
з
֮䣬Ĩɱǵͬ飬սδֲ̫ˣǶʶΣա
ܶԸģ
ӵϡ
мһ֣֪ûУɲԼȥܹ̽ȾģҲûһǴȻ֪ʲô˸ǣʲô˲ǡ

ӵ˺ԥѡӶݡ
ಣ
ֻǣѰȻˣӵɲǼ䣬Ӱƾʧ
ʯҲӰ죬ɲѰ¾ս
䣡
ֻǣû׷ϣͼԶ͵Ĳ𵴣Ʋ顣
һǿ߱ɱѪȾա
̬ʯǳ鴤һ
ȥ׷һǿߣɽգۣǱǿߣҲ֮ɱ
屬ѪƮ
ҵľʯ̶ӡ
䣡
ʱУ½ǿ߱ɱбʯһɫò
ͻȻ֣ԼսȻֵĻᶼûУֱ̫ˣ
ܿ죬ʯ㾫һ֣Ѱ˶֣Ǹӡ
һȻҲֻг߽پΪսȴǿ󣬲һɱȡ
һˡ
Īģʯоһ˿ĸо
ֻǣпһĲҽУӵҲ䱬
ѪУѰ²Ⱦһ̾
һĻʯסǶһ鴤Ͳԡ
ôб𡭡


1435 ĸо
̾˿Ѱûٶ룬ʼѼսƷ
ҪѼԪ
ѾףһĵԪӪǿǧѼ
ϡ桱ĸԭ
ѰһҪɴӲԸռ˵ıˣҪǣʵ̫ˡ
ɽϣûвߢɾԪѰҲ˳ָһһߢھˡ
һʱѰ˿ɫڻ磬ȥҸطһЩĶ֡
ʯɫ㱵ص˵ͷ
͵ѹе˵ʲôҪȥɱУ
ѰȻɫ磬һЩ飬δ̫˷ˡ
ʯһͷֱڣûѰս˿ɲ⣬һ˵𾪻С
ڣѰɱУʯɣѵѰһУЩ˶ǺвϵĴײ˲ɣ
߰ɡ
Ѱߴٵ
ԭʯΪԾ鷳ֻһͷų̫˲һս
ɿʯܾȵģѰջסˣ˵ʵʯܲס

һʱ
һƬǰ죬ε峺ųƬı̺ҶԼһۺϼĺɻ
Ҷ̣ӳպɻ졣
续
ʯѳ侲Ѱսµʵ
ɵִɫɱ̺ɴձ˵ĸְռʱǵ۹ߣΪͶԷ鱦طִͬ顭
һҪСģ˵˵صЩУʵλСսǰʮڣһû˵أ
˵;ʯܻķ֣ѰѳǴ
䣡
⣬սˡ
ѰĶ֣λ˵ǿߣ֮ǰǿû
һսȴǿᡣ
ˣżǿͨսḻչֳҲ֮ǿ
ѰϲΪת֮սһ
ʯԭģȴѰֹʯգһѵΪԼﲻæ
ϸƬ̺ʯòϣԼȥ϶ѳŲס
˵ֶյľƣһѡǳȥɱ
ϾЩлм伬ֵļһĻʯ壬һԶ࣬Ҳֻ˱ܡ
һ㣬ʯҲʶʮ겻Ѱսѱǿ֮Զ
һյʱ
սѪڱ̵ĺ֮ϣѰսƷδƵ̾˿
⣿
ʯɴ۾
ѹ󣬺ĥҵΪ
Ѱߣɫ磬ҵȥ
ʯɫòſЦˣ˭ͷһ
ʯʹشѰʼܡ
һ۹Ӫֻáڽڰˣ˸ݣʯǵ۹ǿߣнԱһ
£Ѱִɱķһе̬ʯ𺳵Ҳʹ쵽¡
ͷһɶҲ֮й١
뿴һ֮ǰѰܶ˵ٸ̾ĵط
ѩɽ긲ǰѩѩӨ
̲żΪḻԪʯȴѲߢӪפڴ˰¡
ңΪס⴦Ӫɳʮƾǿߡ
Ѱִ֮󣬽һʱ䣬ʮǿ߱ѪȾѩɽ
ȡ
ƿ֮ء
ӡ
ƿ֮ء
Ԩ
ʱУһһӪƿصĵطγ
Ҳˡ

ĺɫʮ֡
ѰʯӪء
ˡ
Ѱʱǿ߶¶Ϥıɫ
һΣѰؾǰҲ˽ˣҲпԭģһᲹǵģͬʱҲϣ֣ĺ
˵գﳤȥɽۡ
һ󶼲Ц
᣿һ˰˭֪ѰʵǻƣֱŻ
һŮӷȻ
һĽѡ
ЦѰĻ֮Աǡ
˵Ჹǵġ
˺ɡ
ƨһʱ䣬һĵԪ̣֮࣬ҩˣܲ𣿡
ҧгݣһ仰ɹеĲޣһʹļףɫ
ξϡȱԴȴһֱ̣˷ָ
ʯδ뿪ҧгݵķߺޡġģкȻһ˵ͬ

һӣͻȻһСɽӨ貣Թҫԡ
ߵ˺Ȼס̲ס۾ڸȷСɽһԪѻɣ
ǧ֮ɣʧ
˭˶Ԫ𺳣Ͼɲ洦ɼĴײˡ
Ƕʥжϡ屦
۹ǿ˾ҲѼ嵽ʮԪѣһӳǧԪǵȻˡ
⡭ʯѼģ
˲ڡ
ʯҲѼģϧҡ
˭
˶㵡
Ѱ
ʯ³֣Ȼһ۾Ϳɫһ㶣͵һͣ粻ţܵ׻Ƶġ
ܾʣ
ʯһηִ֣ĸоȻĿˬ
˷Ӧ

ʯٴһӣһѵҩڵϣһת⣬ҩ㣬նȾɹͷ׵ɫ
⡭
ɫͣ۾ֱ
ҩļֵҪԪΪ󣬲ھʮĲߢ֮߱ѪսеҩѾϡٺˡ
ڣжʮҩһĻͬһǿҵĳ
ɫãþԣԺвԼֳͬһͷ
ЩҩòЩԪһѰֱʰɣ
ѯʣʯѿڣǲµĲЩҩҲѰսƷ
һ仰ʯ쾪Ŀࡣ
ʯˣ˲ι泩ˬ죬ĸо
ΨһźǣЩսƷ˲Լ
뵽⣬ʯ̲ס˿ɽλãֹһڿ϶аˬɣ
ôģ
Ծ忪ˣ֮ǰһֱмȥѰڣ𺳵ĳҲ԰ѿڶ
Ҳ׷׵ͷһ棬ųһȦռô౦
˭ţ
ʯЦѰ棬ʲô֪Ľڣ
˵գﳤȥ
һҹѰѼԪҩϢƲɽһĪĺ䶯
˶Žɣ˸ͲţΪʯڰѰߡ
ʵǣЩ϶ʯЩѰһճģ
Ǽ٣ȥһ֪ˡ
գ˶Ҫһ



1436 ɱ
һ磬Ѱٴ뿪Ӫء
ӭģһںɶӵ飬ûյıĺͼѾһĸı䡣
֪뿪ӪǿҲ֮Ǳһ̽Ѱ˼
˵Ҫʵ֤ΪѰջսƷŪ٣
ҲһᣬɵĳɼעһһϦܻġ
ѰùЩ
һУʵ˵ͺá

ĺɫʮ֡
Ѱ̤˷Ӫص·;
ջȣ㲻շתﷶΧɹ˵߸Ӫ˵ƿ֮ء
ɱ߳ĸֲ࣬ΪĴЧ̸ϻǳ
һԾУһһĺݽɫнս뺷ƿصĴҲΪͿ¡
һսѰΪȫԸҲķһʱ䣬ŽԷɱ
壬ԴоԵѹƣνһʮᣬĪˡ
սĥ򻹲ܽһƣɱǽʱͲǰˡ
һܽŶս飬Ѱ߽ƲɽӪء
һȻ֣ǿٿԼʱĿⶼһ˵ɫ
ԭֵգҲԼĵͻȻüž
Ȼȥ
ѰûѯԸһ·ʯһ䣬תɽۡ
ԭԥҪڣɵѰ뿪ʱʱѵߵĻӲ̻˶ӡ
ʯƺˣЦȷˣ
˶ЦŵͷֻЦԵЩ
һ磬Ǿ̽ȴǴĿģЩսۼ˭ж޷ƽ
޿ɣƿصһЩ̣Ѱһ˸ˣ
࣬˭޷ʲô
գҲʵǸļһȻϴĸ棬ʹǰˣ
ңֳս֮ǿ󣬻侪ˣ

ʯûж˵ʲôһӣһصԪҩѻһӣٶĿע⡣
֮գյսƷѷɫ٣й֮
ÿ˶ɫ䣬
⡭òѰѼİɣ
ʧ
Ϊأ
ʯ̾˿ΪһӪһԱֻȰλһ䣬Ѱһڮٵģ
ɫ粻ҲΪίڴ֮ǰѰıֵȷһֻ氡
ֻǴûѰز¶ˣ
ѰЩչ¶ԼͣΪ۹ЧĿܷô᣿
Ѱ޺λƽϺ˼Ҳ֪ᣬԲŻв
ʯ̾˿λûˣѰﱳȥӪοǣ
ԣͷ
˶¶֮ɫһԼѰȾ棬ȷԵ̫֪ˡ
Ծ塢طЩˣƿԣǻ˵ʲô
Ѱһж֤ǿ
ˣʱӪλСʮĽѾѰɱˡ
ʯȻڡ
һʯǧˣ
˭֪һȱǿڣȴѰɱˣ
֮࣬ԲѰִƲɽĵʱȱǰɽۣȥսѰ
ȴΪѰһ仰ֱӷս
ʱΪһͷβսҴĻ˶㶼ˡ
ΪǲŸȷΪȱҪˡ
ǣ쿪ʼȥӹܺƿЩѰµĵ̣ЩطɶһһıأעŲԪھ
˵գʯתȥ
۹Ӫأڽҹ׷ˡ
ѰԼжظı˶̬ȺͿңҲΪ׿սҲԾ𺳡
峿Ѱٶ뿪Ӫء
졢졭
Ҳͬˡ
ÿһ죬ܴطսƷ
۹ǿ߶Դ̬ȣҲһһأѾû˳ƺѰΪ档
ֹԴϣҲٲԴ˳ƺڮ١
أѰ֣ÿһ뿪߷ӪʱЩ۹ǿ߿ԼĿ⣬һء塢֮̾ɫ
һЩŮӶٵ¶һְĽϧѰˣòŮԹѡ
Ұ伫¶棬ȴһеı仯۵ףҲһ泩
ܶˣ۹ӪһֱӪԺʹѹһ۹ӪĴԽԽȣҲһɻ
ѰЩĳǴݿࡢĻʤʽ۹Ӫߺݺݳһ
ʹ죡
Ψ˶֣Ұ˿֮顣
ţ۹ǿУעҲԼһоʹ죬ü

º
ĺɫʮ֣ѰǰʱأôӪеǿ߶;
֣ĪֵˣҪæ
̲סʡ
ǰ֣鷳㾡˵ҵҲΪֵġ
Ҳ׷Χ£
Ͱǰȣɫ䣬Դһַĵء
Ǳ仯
ֻǣǶɻѰĺɫʱǴӲӪصģһôˣ
ѰЦûʲôֻת˰죬ҲҲٵ˵ӰӣһЩƿصĵ̣Ҳ类ˣɨˣһǰæһ
һЦ
ģЩ϶ŷɥĶˣ
ǰʱ򣬿ɴû㵨С϶֪㲻ǣ֮ززˡ
˸߲ҵš
һʱ䣬۹ӪҵľΪ֮һ䣬Ťתļơ
ӪǱߣ񱻴ʹ˵Ұޣʼˡ
ֱ仯Ȼܡˡ
һеĸı䣬Ѱһ˶
ԶԶأԾط˿˱ӵǵѰɫԲһӡ
ʱȻԸ⣬ҲòϣԴѰ֮󣬵۹ӪĴȷõ˼ƣ
ҲΪ˸е˺ܡ
ϧΪǰһЩ׺ͶԹǺȥѰǰӵģҲעܳΪѡ
ͬģҲûȥѰ˼ܼ򵥣ڵĵ۹ӪУ˭ѰԣǼֱǺΪУ
ɱ
Ѱӽ׻ĪҪˣҪҲҪǰ˵һ
ɽʱҰҵѰ涣ӪǱߵʥˣ֪ĴڣѽĿⶢ㣬ҵǻᰵг֣㲻
Ѱһݣ̾ϧˣʱһûһЩӪġⰵ˫ӡλСսǰ
ҰЦˣ׿ɲҵ㱻Ǳߵʥ˶ϣǱߵʥͬҲģԼµĶﱻҶϣʶ˭
˶٣һĹ۵ɽսʼʱеĻȥǱߵĶԾ
ѰӣҲֻˡ


1437 ҹе
ɽ
Ӫ֮̾ء
ʥ״ˣ£ܼʮλǿߣʮλǿ߽ǱѰĵ۹ǿɱ
ˣҲˡ
һȺǿߣڰѪʥױչ֮⣬һ˱߳
ʥ״ˣǱˣ
ǿҲ׷׿ڣ޲ҧгݣߺ
һԵ۹ǱߵСһѣֵöȻͷö𣿡
һͳɳơ
һߵӰƾո֣ǣȴһĨҹӰ㣬˸޷ա
˱ӪһλʥˣѪʥף԰һʵɲ⡣
ڳǿ߽궯ɫ粻
ʥ״ˣҵȽԻɣѰһиµΨСⰵ˫ӡܽ˻ɱ
ҧ˵
ѪʥߣǽڱչأһȻһʱ䱻ҰǲбŮ˶ϣɲܵġ
ڳǿ߽һĲʣޣܴ裬ѵˣ
Ѫʥģ£㽻ɣѰֻҪٸҳ֣עˣ
һнԿϲѣˣζѰֻҪٸҳ֣ʥ״˱ؽԶ֣
Ѫʥ׽Ŀ⿴ԶɽλãһںڵӰҹĻڱһƬɫ
һߣͬһ貵ĹڿգŴʥࡣ
ǡⰵ˫ӡչ֮أ
ȣһܹ꣬ӵгʥĵˡ
ѪʥૣʧһЩʲôֻҪʱ߱Ѫսеľƣעд

ɽ
֮̾ء
ߣһȺ
ţħġʥˡԼıģվߵһǿ˵뱨𣿿ԣǱֻ󺰴Уɧֱɱȥ͵ˣ
λʥڣ뷢ꪣţɽ˼ѹȸС
˵ġţҲţʥˡ
˵ظǿ߻ۣ˶ڣֻɫѿΪţĻʵ̫ˡ
ôû˵ȻһȺûѵķ
ţߣһĲмȥȥȥϽѰٳ֣˰ɣ
ԭ˶ɫޱѿɵ󣬲Լͬض˿
֪ţֻҪӦ£ԺͲټɵѰˡ
һ۵ɽսҪʼˣȴͻȻðһѰҰʲôʱһŵƣ
ɢȥţ°ͺ룬üͷ
һѰȴɱʮǿߣɱµֶΣţеһ˿ľ
չֳֶΣԺ͡սǰĽɫԿ֮⣬һĹ۵ɽսϣѰҲһӵĽɫˡ
ţ˼

ҰĲɱѰһԾΪӪעĽ
ʥˣʼĿѰϡ
ͷ֮ʢǹС
Ѱ㲻ָǰǳıչ
ѰΪֲƽһֱ۵ɽսʼʱ
һϲҵ
һҹҹĻī
ŮӳѰڵʯС
ǰ
Ѱ͵شӴѹܲ졣
ûǴӦŮЩδͨؾ߳
һ类칷׷ɱʱ
ڶ庣֮ϣʥΪ
Σڣ
Ѱʱʶ϶鷢ˡ
һǰҽ߱ѪսһУһЩ˼ĵط
ŮӲδ˵ĻȴѰһһǰʱŮѾ뿪
ңȥҹɫеǸ磬һڤĹ֮أ
ѰǵãѪŮҰ˵꼴ǴۡۺЩҲ߱Ѫսҹɫ̽Ѱ
ȴڲһյʱб㲻òأ
Ůӣȥһ֮á
Ѱܲ𾪣
㲻ҪĥΪһĶ֣޷ѹҲ޷Ǳ׼
˵⣬ŮӲѯʣ
ৣ
һ̣ŮӺѰӰʧ
ѰʯֻʮɾҰܾ֮أԴ˾ǻȻûһ˿

䣡
ںڵؼ䣬ɱ糱Űķ籩ϯ֮
ޣݲһɱɲʵʵĺɫ̣ڡ
һİ졢䡢ɱɭɭ硣
һִѰͼ˸ʹǿҵΣ֮С
ǰ
ѰɫأԥתΪԴ
һ˼ĵط㴸ΪܲʲôʱЩɱʱ뿪
ŮӵڻصѲڡ
ѰһҲ̫˰ɣ
ء
Զһںڵɱ籩ϯǺ
أЩɱ⾹һУձУڹɱڵӰ
ӵгһȺ֣
ɱ
Ƿ춯صĴ𣬺Х
ÿһϢǿѰеһѹ֣̲סתΪ
Ϊ۲⣬ÿһϢԲڳ߽پľ
ȻѰĳŽپߣ֮һҲѷɫ
ϣ
һںڵսìӳɱϣ򵥴ֱǵȴƿֲޱߡ
ѰһưײɽƵĺ
Ѱֻһ飬嶼һΣɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿ
ɱ
¡Щɱ⻯Ĺɱѵģǵء
Ѱѹ˲ö룬͵طһХӭȥ
Ӳӷ⣬Ѫ糤Ӱڣܻһ磬ܡ
Ϊԥȫת
䣡
ػڹ⡣
սױ
µвϢѰʶǰУֱӽսʥͺ㼫©طת
ͼѪתĺҲһ˼ز
ΪԵУѰȻĻɱԷΪ˴Ȼô
ɱ
ЩһһײСɲƬضϱŰıɱ⡣
ɱ
Ѱ磬ã뷨ħ񣬳
¡¡
ʧɫʮ绯Ѱһ˵ս
Ķ֣ǹ̰ХؼɱĹ
⴦Ѩĵ۾ɱѽĥԺúĥһ
ѰĵطŮ۹עһУȷѰֻתȥ
ʥΪĻȫȥ֮أõĺôԲɹ
ڰУŮⲽҰУڰвʱḡֲֳľ
зɹ˸Σһš
ػɬĵ쳹ںڰƣԶħ
бĲ磬ںڰлһƬ裬ͷųĽϢ
һУŮ޶á



1438 ۾ʬ

һºѰԥϥأʼޡ
վһս˺ۣѪˮʡȴ֪㣬ץסݵĿ϶Ŭ޸

תһֲ˼ٶ޸ơ
һѰԼ˶ٳѪȲҵɱ
кܶΣܵش˺ѱ۰򣬱ţ鼹ն˫ȡ
޵ʥ֮·һָ֮ˣвϢΣѰԼǷܼ
ŹһĶǵĲҲɱѰķŭѽϰߺ侲ʼӦϰ֮Գ
ء
һյʱ䣬ԶоһǺɱƼХ
ಣ
ѰӴɫ侲һԾȥ
ɱ
սٶȱ
һǰȣѰһսϣ̥ǰ㣬˷츲صı仯
¯˵ľǰڣƿغá
սǱУػ磬ֳһԲ󡢳ϡ
ѰһµɱУһϵջΪ䲻ɱ䣬սѺͬ
һ񣬿ʼչ¶ԾĹâ

ڰУŮ˺ܳ·һ·ϣͲľһֱڷš
ЩʥעԼǰ㣬һ·ߵڡ
ΪЩͲ꣬ԶʥĴ
һУӰŮӵж
ΪΨ˽⣬һʲô硣
ֻǣҲû뵽߱ѪսУһ磬ҲЩ޷ƽ
ڴѰ֮ǰڰ̽Ѱһʱ䣬ϧֱڣδѰٵ𰸡
Ϊ̫ãµʴ±ĥ޷ƶϳһЩࡣ
ŮҲпʥ˿ƿؿռʱ䷨򣬼ǵ۾ֿ
ˡ
ǰĺڰУһ򣬴󣬸Թϡ
ֻǣﾡǻϢɢſݼšζ
Ѳˡ
ŮãҲĬã벻һеޱȾ޵ĵ۾³
ܲӦá
ϧֶΣȴ޷ƶϳеࡣ
Ϊʱ̫ˡ
²ֹı磬ҲĨһЩۼǵ۾ϣһˣעᱻµʴĨ
ΨһĲͬǣ۾ĺۼҪ³ĨҲǰ׵ġ
ԣŮӼǰһС
߱ѪսеĴĪǺйأ
ãŮૡ

º
һѰֳһڴԨѪΪС

ֻȴǱѰΪת
䣡
䣬ʮ֮ĹѰɱһգĨ
ۿȥһƬУκһɱӿ֣һƬžߡ䡣
ѰɫϲϸϢı仯ãƮȻأϢ
¡
֮Ĳɱ
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ģһһδɱ䣡
ǰѰ޷뵽ԼһϾ˶Ǳھ
ҲѰȫͬģǰԼСһ
ͬһУӵѹߵĵ̺仰ǿš
ѰҲһᵽһ㡣
оΣ
ŮӲ֪ʱˡ
ܺá
Ѱ룬Ц
Ǿͻط
Ů˵ţѴѰƾʧ
һ̣ѰѳһУͬĺڰͬĻߺͱ䡣
ͬɱ⻯籩ؼ伤
ΨһĲͬǣЩɱֲ̫֮ǰǸɱǿһأ
ҪСһЩɱɲѰ
Ůһ仰һѰһ˹ǣƮȻȥ
Ҫ֪ڶû⾿ʲôط
䣡
Զߣɱ糱Ϯ
ʱһֱܣѰ˲ս״̬Ժȫʼս
ɱɵһֶսܣ
úץסɣ´ֻ¾ûȻˡ
УŮ
Ѳò˶ãһнԻữһֱԴʧ
ƶϣӦú߱ѪսпҪֵһйأ
ʱţգǰȥ
ѰӴʱһĨէ֣˺ա
ʱͰǰвͬ
񣬷ĵϹ󣬿Ѱȴ͡
ƤĤ֮ÿһɶɽײ㣬ĺ
ѪХƥһѪ̺ϡȱҩӵŲ˼
ؼǣУѰΪͻ߽پԲز
ˣβɱѰһϵĶս裬Ҳͻͽ
ʱ򣬼ǶżֻҲ档
ǰѰΪǷȱȱĥЩȱѲڣ
һɱУѱһּĵز
ֻһ磬ܺΪ൱ˡ
ѰһҲΪܡ
ǰΪһȱݣڽ߱Ѫս󣬽˼ȫͶһϡ
һһЩʱѣΪӵͻͽҲһɡ
ˣ
СԶͻپ
Ѱ죺ô죿
ǵãڽ߱ѪսǰСŸսΪپ
ڣ볤پˡ
֪СУҪɳٵģպͼѣԼֻȥΪͻˮǴߡ
Сɫ𾴵λǰָ㣬ǰһص򣬵õһĥ¡
ѰŤͷͿŮӴԶŻȻԭˡ
ǰѰڽĥʱҲССж룬СһȴҲһ
뵽⣬𣬵лǰ
ŮӵǸ뿪ˡ
Ѱһ뿪
һֱɱĥΪͻȻҪ뿪зЩᡣ
ţ㲻ǺʲôطڸҲ޷һλ۾硣
Ůӻ䣬ѰСס
һλ۾ǿߵ壬ܻǰ磿
۾ԳǬһѨһϣһ磬ʶ֮ء֫ٺ֮䡭Ժ󡣡
С֮أԻǬΨӵд˵ΪųƵĵ۾
ŮӵƬ磬λ۾ڵһ΢۵Ѩܻ
ԿɱЩɱ⣬λ۾ֻѱʴ߰˰ˣʣ޼˵㣬ʥˣҲסɱĳ
һѰֱԡ



1439 սʼ
Ůӵ˵ҹе߱Ѫսȷͨһ硣
磬һλĵ۾ǿߵ
ڣһѨһϽԳһ磬ʶԳǷֲŴССͬ硣
λ۾ǿ˭ڶ֮ǰģѾ޷֪
ȷǣһλ侪޾׵ĵߣһλŮӶΪ֮̾
ҲǴʱѰ֪֮أԻǬǷֱһλ۾ı־
һ£һλ޵ߣȴѨϡ֫ٺܻһ磬εȿֲ
ǵ۾
һ뵽Լ֮أһλ۾ǿߵһ΢۵Ѩ磬Ѱһ
һ뵽ԼɱĶλ۾ʱһ˿ɱһʴ߰˰˵ܣѰо޷ˡ
ŵĵ۾ڣжֲ
Ѱ̫ۡսۡ٤ʥ̫ʱڵҲ˼ܾԼ˾˵սۡ
͵ؽĿ⿴Ůӣɫ両һĨɫǰǷҲӵС
ŮӷϵѰʲôϵǰǣڡԼҲ޷ֱˡ
һ˿˵Ȼ
⣬̫ã
Ϊͨؾˡʱѷֱ治Լ˭ӵкεΪˡ
ԺУʧһЩΪҪļ䡣
ԹȥѰȴһ
ңڳΪˡ֮Уûκ顣
ŮԼһμ䣬ˡ
һؼ䣬ͻףΪλΪͨؾˣһ¡
ѰͬҲһһ˾ԼʲôΪҲ֪
Եúܻ
ֱָѰǰŮӸͲмѣԭܼ򵥣ûбҪ
ܿ죬㽫׻һɱԴʧ߱Ѫսĺҹ磬Ҳʹ˲棬һֻΪһܿͻˡ
Ů˵ţѴѰ뿪

Ʋɽ
ԼʯʱѰһʱһεĸо
һĥںڰг˰˸ʱ䣬ĥеһĻĻѰüҲһ˿㱡
˭Ǳڤĺҹ磬һλ۾ǿߵʬ
죬ѰŽָ侲
룬һʱĥΪͻͽ
ңȱ©
Ϊڳ˽پΪҲ߽پزϵٽٵʱҲԽԽˡ
Ѱ
ʥ֮ǰϵپһǵѹѰͷһ뵽˽٣Ѱһ˵ĽȸС
ԼһԤУԼ塢ΪͻŽپزʱһ٣ע٣
Ȳμ˹۵ɽսһҪǰɣֵأΨӵƳϵٵ
Ѱһϡ

۵ɽսֻʣʱˣѰ𣿡
һʱ䣬۹ӪУƵ۽
Ϊһι۵ɽսͽڰºĻʱ۹Ӫ֮䣬ͽһʤ
գһʤߣ̤Ϲ۵ɽһ۴̺ۣ
ѾȷˣѰ϶ҪսģһΣǵ۹һѩǰܣӮһս
ڴ
Ҫֹ̫ۣѰеǿߣǱߣҲλսǰʮľˡ
ƴɴԵС
üĲѡ
ҲʱҰҵѰǷ׼׵
ѰЦʱԳ
ҰѰɫ̩ȻЦҿɵһϲء
Ѱ룬̲ס˵ֻһ㡣
Ұһʱˣһѵ޾Իʤİգüʲô㾡˵ܽģͳͳ㡣
ѰæǰˣֻǵĶֱֵò
ҰһǰĵϷһĨЦݣ̲סЦЩһ仰ȻҲøоʹ졣

ѰЦЦûнʲô
ѵ˵ӽ߱ѪսΨһĿǽɣֵأ
ǿʥˡʥʥ׼۾ﶼֵܳһ籾Դ֮أ
ںӪǿ֮ĶԿ˵ʵѰû̫ˡ
ȻЩû˵Ұֻ»ỳɣԼǲǵˡ
峿
ѰСȱʯڤʮӪеĶ̤һұ
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ѣذǳһڶ
һҪӮ
ӪУеǿ߻һΪѰС
УɡҶСߵˣǵս䲻ףѰʮˣȴԲһЩԵμӹ۵ɽս
ǶΪź
ѰһҪЩѵ
ɴУһ仰ȫЦһЩŮӶѡ
Σ£ͺá
ҶСЩģѰʯ
ʯ̲ס˰ۣûڼȴ˵ɥһʱʰӲɡ
ѰЦŻ˻֣ûж˵ʲô
߰ɡ
ҰԦƿնȥ

εսǺǱߣԻʮǿߣսܼ򵥣ǩ˳򡣺ͶԷǿ߽һһԾܣɱԷ
ʤߣԼսȥҲѡ˳Ϣ֮Էȫʱս
ϣҰԼࡣ
ǰսϣǵ۹Ӯ٣ϸ˵ֻùһʤսеĶȴʮˣ
˵ҰһǷһĨͺ⡣
Щɶҵ۹Ķÿһһľǽϣ̤ʥ
ȴսУ
Ϊ۹ģ𣬱Ҫ
ϣɫԸֳȻ֮ɫ˶¶Щսȥͬ顣
˵սʵɱ
˵ģᱻˣҼһ
վսУǲŹκλɱֵĿܣ
ǹ۵ɽսѪȡпᡣ
Ӫ֮䣬Ϊ˼ԷеĶ᲻ϧһдսʱȫԸ
ѰŸ߱Ѫսҵʱ䣬Ӳμӹ۵ɽսЩʱҲһ˵ıơ
סֻҪս͵ȫԸ
Ұ
˽Եͷ
һΣ۹ܷһĴǰƣӮô˴ս
ǲ֪ȫԸ

ԶԶأһƵ۴ӵΡɽҰС
ɽͨᾣʯѻͺͺģ޲ľҲûŨơ
ɿȴһ˵ѹϢ
ǹ۵ɽ
ÿ꣬ɽ֮۵ʯϣͻḡֳһ̺ͼĪ⡣
ÿͻһսӪ֮չһѪȶпս
Ҳ۹ǿ߱˻ɱꪣ
ԶԶɽѰ˿ɫƽ
һսѰˣעҪд


1440 °ܽ
۵ɽǰ
ҰѰ˵ִʱͿ˵Ⱥǡ
˵
Ϊ׵ģ˵ʥţӰߴ۾뷢ꪣڣ磬Ƽˡ
ţߣʮӰŮǱϢڣһһǿ
ѰǵִжʱһЦ
°ܽˣͲ֪һΣǷñ׼ˡ
Ǻǣ˭Уˣӱն㣡
У͸żڽ֮⣬뼷Ե۹Ӫǿߡ
˶֪Ǽǰ಻סĶŭ
ƨ࣬ϴɾӵţ˭˭
ʯ˴ȡ
˴ΣһҪΪѩܣ
һЩ۹ǿ۾ˡ
ǰĹ۵ɽսϣ۹ඥڴѪսڴˡ
ǰ̫Ͳʣ˽¼ģû˲ʹû˲һŭ
һΣҪϴѪޣ
Ѱû뵽Ÿյִѣվͻ˽ţ·Уһ޲ɱԷ
ɴ˿ɼĹ۵ɽսϣ۹ߺ֮µĳ޺ε֮
۹ߵǿ߱ģǱߵĸ޲Ц޼ɵ޿֡
ܿ죬˾ɳףǼһﲻ𣿡
һĿ⣬Ѱϡ
һӣһͷεɫĳ޳ƻõɫȴǷâ¶һìҪͱƲ񷣡
ᣬӣ
ʯǶһȻ֪ӣǱߵһλλսǰ壬ǿ
սϣ۹вٶУ
ǣʯɻǣѰΪòϴ˰ɣ
Ȼ
͵أһ׵¡¡쳹ؼ䡣
˵ģһӣǰص۾ɽӿſֲ糱ˮڹ⣬ü価İӼâϵΨɡ
ţħᣬţ죡
һе֮İ
ֻǣѰĿ⣬ȴһɲ죬ͱһֺȡ
û뵽ּˡ
ᣬ䣡
޳ٻӰƻãӲӣƽתʢĿ
ԼԼأ·ܹһͷӰڤз裬ȸߡ
˵ʱѰУҲһĨ⡣
۹ӪߣԲޱȣһͷˮʲôʱѰЩе
ĺãĳҲʱ˶һˣ
Ơʥӣ㡣
â֯ޱȣһͷ˳ĺɫϣһݵɫ绡ӳĵԡ׵ӡ
ˡ
ǱߣƸе⡣
һ̣ĿⶼѰһˣѪŮҰţһ˿ɻ
ϵǣʯ̲סʡ
һȺ°ܽܲϵã
ѰɫȻһ仰ȫȻ
˵ľʵ飡
ʱԾԼ鱦ʥصһڴһʥؾ
ҲʱΪλڷɽ֮ġսʥѰܵţ졢䡢ӡȾΧ
գսʥѰãţˣѰܣ
ֻѰҲû뵽ʱô꣬߱ѪսмЩճС
°ܽ
ʯ˽Ե
߱Ѫսʮǿɶţ˵սǺ֮ǿ
ѰȴƺΪ°ܽ
ٿţǣһɫ٣ѰĿоɱ
ˣɿܻڣ
ߣ׵罻֯ɱ¶
бǷѱһɱʥؾУĿܻлǰߴ᣿
ѰЦ
ʱţÿˣȻѰ˵ʵ
ʯΪγΪ
ݰˡ
Ѱ˵⣬ĿһɨţˣǿҪסҽѰ
Ѱ
Ǳߣһǻ֪ȴ֪ܲѰ
һǰڰ֮䣬ɱʮǿߣӪǱߣҲʮλǿ߱ɱ
ʱӪУѰ֣޲ҧгݣ־־塣
ţǣɿ֪ܲ
ֻǣҲû뵽ʶѰ
һʱ䣬ɫ粻
ţҲ⣬̲סϸѰ
ڵ۹Ӫߣʯһܲѡ
֮ǰǸյִܵ䳰Ǻ޵ҧ
ڣΪѰһˣǱ߾ɲƶѹס
ܲʹ죿
Ұ̲ס࿴Ѱһۣû뵽ǰʱѰ׳١
ǰվǰѰȻˣĳҲʱ˶һˣ
ţɫ䣬û㣬սʱֻһҪôӮҪô
ɱһѰйͷ֮ޣǲμսˣȫúʬڴˣ
ɫᣬɭȻ
һʱ䣬ֱɱ
ڴʱţЦǰսϣߵǿһǵ۹ǱߵĶ;ܣһΣϣǱ߲ҪҪ̫ܵѿ
ɶ񣡡ʯ˽Էŭʹˣܡ
ǾĿԴ
ҰģĿⲻһƳѰһ۱˿ʲôѰȴܸоϣԼӮ
Ѱһһûж˵ʲô
Ȳһսעһ˺ѣʬ̤ڽ£
һЦ
սϣɱ˵۹߲֪νĶЩѪսޱԺͽ
ң뵱꣬۹֣ɱֻھбζֱ
һŮ廳
Щǿߣսڣһһƺ޲ôսʼȥɱˡ
۹ߣʯޱȺ޵ҧЩһ浱ǰ
°ܽѣҲ£
ΨѰأЦ
һ仰ţؿڷƣһ޲ðѰ̻ˡ
ʼǩɣ
ʱţһӣУһǩͲ
򣬰ճǩս
ͬʱҰҲóһǩͲҲһһǩսǩǳ򡣡
Ц߳죬Цѡ
ˣҵһҵĶֻ֣һ
εɫĳ󲽶ϸ˵磬һ˾սì
۹ӪǱߣǩҲˡ
һģһлŮӣԵ۹ϵŷ壬츳ݣڡ
ֻǣʯнһ
ΪսǿȾȴѷɫ
ʴˣжһ󷢽˵һ仰
λҼˣಫ׼Ϊ
ĬƬ̣ȴЦһƬᶨȻ޾ɫ


1441 
ʤ
ʤ
˴ȣΪ
һǰڵ̣޳ӿ֡
۵ɽ֮£һٳսǽһϣ޻ͷĿܡ
һǣ̫ˣһ
սϣüɫ䱩ȣԵúܲһƲϻ̬
۹Ӫߣȫŭˣһ裬̤ϡ
Ѱüʵս𣿡
Уսʯҡͷ
ѰʱĬ
ɱ
ɫ˪һ̨㻯һӰӡ
ϣ
һ񽣴üӳɱȥ
˵ˣ㲻У
Ŀ䣬ͨ׵ӿѤͭꪺɨɲ׵ٲϯ
սȫԸսӣѧȫʩչ
Ѱòϣս䲻ס
ϧĶҪǿ
ûã۹ӪǿߵҲ紦ǣƴþһֶΣȴԵޱȴݣèϷӡ
һٶغʱҲԥʩչǿѹֶΣһҪͶʯٰļơ
ɣ
ҲڴʱչɱУꪹЮſɲױѹնȥضʧɫƵǱ顢޺ȡ
䣡
ײУһҽȻ̳УһԾĻ
û漣
ˣӵսì̴գѪٰк
۹ӪǱߣĿѣ߳
ŵ۹Ӫߣ촽΢΢Ҫ˵ʲôϧȴ˵
ӵսì࣬ͬǶ촷ۡ
˵㲻УĲУ
ЦУһ֣սìϵĻ壬ȻըѪ
һڵ۹ӪнüŮӣżΪǰ̣ȴˣ
ޱң
˭ˣǰİڸַûӮʤ
ۿ죬߬˫ȭ
Ѱ䣬Ĭеȴƽȥ
֮ǰԤսעѪȺܲпᡣ
ɵۿŻŮӣ˲бػһصѪʱѰ֪ζȷܲܣ
ǹ۵ɽսҪôӮҪô
ҰͳѰ
սأӮһԾսϣοһ۵Ľɫʧˡ
սУ¶һѩ׵Цᡣ
۹Ӫߣޱȡ
Բ˳𣿡
Ѱ䣬Ѱ಻סɱһ°ܽǰҫҲеơ
ԣǹأӵƻصֻͣȥӦҰ̾
ǰһпá
ҿӽԺǵ۹˳սˣ˵۸ǡ
Զ˵ǿЦԺܵ⣬Ҳܲм
ɺޣ
ʯǽҧгݣ类ɱԷ裬ζ˭̣
λ԰꣬һΪ籨𣡡
ڶģȱһսУĿⶼϡ
֣һҪɱ
ҪСİ
۹ǿ߽Է׷׳ϣȱʤӣΪ縴
֪㣬ȱҲǵ۹Ǳߵһϣʧ
ӳŴꪣȻ
Ǻеһ˾ɣ
ȱ˹
ˣ
ɫһ
䣡
սӺȱ֣ս൱սԵޱȵļңɱɫ䣬޹⡣
߼ɢĿɲԣѹնңƵ춯ء
أǵ۹ӪǿߣԶɫأ˵ĿעսС
һսԵøңûãӺȱԸˣ嶼Ѫ
ȴȻƵģһһݡ
õ۹Ǳ߽ܲˣȱһȴҲûӣ
ҲǱ߾֣û뵽ȱȻܹӿ⡣
䣡
ٻغϺӷһ𣬼һ񣬺ݺȱϣߵѪӰģˤڵء
ͬʱҲȱս˺ţƶǣѪٰʶ
ߣһش
з۵ңԶ
ȥɣ
ȱҧһӣƥĵâӳƷηɱȥ
ѹ׵ֶΣ
ܣ
ɫŤӶꪣƴ㣬ȼ
߽棬ɲĺײУƣͨһɵڵأϢ١
һߣȱҲѪ׹أüĹѣܵޱȵش
һҲ֪һߡ
һɼݵ̬۹Ӫ˽ǵǡ
Ǳߣʧɫӣ
ۣ
գҲûȱһնͷ­鶼ɴŭŤ
ͨһȱڵأɫɷףڿѪȴظ㣬Ŀ⿴ŵ۹ӪߣҡӮˡ
˵գѻʣɵڵء
һսһָⱯ׳ҵķʽĻȱɱ˶֣Ҳ˶ԣ˾ĵǣ޷
۹ߣÿϣϱ֮ɫۿ졣
ȱεǿȴȷʽʤ̫ˣǶһʱЩ޷ܡ
ѰҲһ̾ˡ
Ǳߣһǿɫ䣬ͬ⡣
Ұֻ
ĴУӰ۾ɽ͵ţ죬ս
ӿ糱ˮڹ⣬磬籡âǣΨİ
ɲǼ䣬ձѹ
ѰָĦĵǩϱдһ֣ƾһ֮
޶ֻֽ޻̤ս
ζ̫
۹ߣ̤սģһвɽӣԵ۹¹ѧԺ
Ȼţ죬Ҳ޾壬ƽǿ
ϧǣţ̫ǿˣ֮Ӹ£ʮغϣɽͱɱ
ͷ­ţһã߷ɳȥҲڰը
ѪƮУţɫᣬ³֣̫ˣһ
۹Ӫ߬ȭͷɫ߱ͬ鱻ɱʹˣڻ㱻裬˺޵ö췢
ĸģһܵӣԵ۹ſѰ͵
һ̨սȴ˵ơ
ϧǣһٶкѱƵվأעҪҰܡ
ɳϣУܾʩչһԱ͵ʯٰطȴһشţ죡
ԸλսЦ͵Ѫ
ǰĴЦ˵ĻȻ飡


1442 ˺ѣ
ܱţͬھδԸ
ˡ
ţֻǱˡ
õ۹˽Ըеһ˵ķŭĿѣǻ価һֺ⡣
ԸλսЦ͵Ѫ
仰εȺ;Ȼ飬˶Уסĳ嶯
ǱߣҲܵ𺳣Ц
Աųı֣ˡ
ͽɣϧҲ״
ЩĻʯ۾ˣѰ㰴಻סɱ
ᵽսĲпᣬζ̫ĥˣ
һ
սУţɫ䣬ȳ
ˣڣһȻ۹˷еļƣҲˣˣ˵ľ
쳹ȫʮ㡣
ţ绻ϰɣԽԽ٣Ѿˡ
Ŀڣһͷ˳ĺɫ˿ϲһݵɫ绡ӳĵԡ׵ӡ
ߣӮˣмսȥĻᡣ
ţߡ
ֶԻٲȻ۹㣬ͬҲһͲм
Ѱӿ˵ĺâǶϳʱһ档
ƽȴһ˲ĺ⡣
ԣǱߣЦ˲мߡ
Ѱٶԡ
ٿƲסԼ
ģԾ塣
Ϊ۹߻ӣԾһ̲δ˵Ǵǻŭսġ
սԾ۾죬ûƴ
䣡
һɫǹƼӳһ貵ľ硣
ԿƵ¸
սԾʩչɱͷɢսѪڡ
ȻʱѰԾìܺͷɴʱҲݡ
ǣţ̫ǿˣ
ˣҲԾɱ˸൱λԾˡ
õ۹Ǳߵǿ߶ɫ䡣
ţλսһľˣǿȴû뵽ǿȵز
ֱٻغʱţ͵طһ츳ͨţħԺɽӣգɱ顣
Լ䣬ţһͷںڵţ̤ǿգң
ãʯɫ䡣
ͼԾ׻ƵģӰһģѪ궼һҡΡ
ۣ
ô˻ᣬһѩķһƵģգҲԾһΪֳ롣
ȫţ˵
۹˶۾޷ܣôܣţˣɱԾ壿
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۹˶췢ˣȴԺƾٲʣٷߺޣ޷ıѪܵʵ
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ԶţȣҰʮ㡣
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ҰսŽһ룬ΪǱӮ
̺ݻ˭ᣬֻģһǵ۹ЩȫˣԺ߱Ѫսֻǵ۹֮أ
ţЦ緢
ʱ˵ǿҲźЦ
Ǿͽаɣᣬϣǻܽеó
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֣һҪӮ󷽣ں
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Ѱĳ˶ϣΪ˭ǿ
еţʧ˶ೡǶѰһ⣬սˡ
ģҼȻվͲ뿪һұɱһֱɱһеУ
˵Ѱͷڷһɱϯϵ£˷Ʊع
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ڴʱţȴ͵طЦѰȷһ˵ҪԾ𣿡
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ЩԴޱȴ̶ζʮ㡣
ţҲݸĴָ͵Ҵţħĺᣬı磡
۹Ǳߣ˵ɫޱȡ
ѰŸϳͱϷˣһ˸оʮ衣
ûϵһһţõǳʱ㻹Ц
Ѱɫƽһӱÿ£͵طһȣأ
ߣ֪
һīɫͷһֻǵ̤꣬ӳս˫Уһѩսâ
壬
һ׺ǿߣӵг˽پΪλսǰʮ
ЩڴУɫܡ
𣿡
ȻһЦ
ৣৣ
䣬ѳ˫Ȼӿգҫ۴ĿĹ⣬һ쵶ɱ¡
ò˼飬Ҳµĵز
ӹʱն˺ѿֱѺۡ
˭һ֣ȫԸûκα
ţͷδУʶѰǣʶŻһʱȫ
ǵ
ţ졢䡢Ҳһ㣬һɣ֮ǰЩıС
ϾѰȷܲǣ˽ϢУ۹ӪУвľѰС
䣡
ǵ֣󣬾ӿķ籩֮ããĵǵأֲ
ǱɱﵣԳǿս
۹Ǳߣ˶ɫ䣬˭û뵽һչ¶׺ƣľ
ѰȻ
ȵѪ貵ɫתһƬһƬԡɹսɢ޵еơ
飡
ûжܣûеֵɲޱߵĵѰϣײ
ûбɱѪȻ棬Ѱ˿Ѱ⵲סһĥ
򷨲֣
ȫһ
͵ؾסͫɫ䣬һá
ֻǣʱѰ̽һơ
ץ
ȴ̽ľƣķ˼߬ס͵طһ˺
ۣ
ѪŽ屻ϣѪƵĺȻк


1443 ħ

ŨѪкţɺĿ
˿̵ѰֱһħԡѪȴѪմȾһͷڷƮ裬ʢ
ǿڵһеײУͱ˺ˣһĻԵ̫ѪȣҲġ
ҽУ˺徹ٿȻһͷԣϰӴܣ˳ȥ
ˣȫס
ɲǼ䣬ŸտʼһԾѷֳʤ̫ͻȻǶš
Ѷǿսᱻһи˺壿Щ˵ǿ߽Զݡ
֮ǰǻܴУǲмڿѰ
ɴ˿̣ɴ飬嵽
˵ǣԼҲԽܣţ֪ѰǿʶһʼȫԸΪԴѰһ벻Ӷɱ
ɽȴ䵽ز̫ˣ
ڵ۹ӪǱߣ˿ѳ׷ڣѹ̫ãڵüĵһĻǶסгޱȡ
֮ǰǻ类˲бɱȱʣǲɽܡԾһһţɱ˱סݣѹֵ¡
ڣѰɲǼ˺֣ڿ⣡
㡭
ŭ޵÷
ղһ䣬ǱԣԶҲһҪ
ûԼ˿µɱ
䣡
ͼѵϣѪⷭҲ֪ʩչ˺εطɲǼָңⲢֶֻΣϢȸղſһء
һǱ츳ͨޱȡ
۹ӪǱߣ˶һŸտ⣬ٳ⣬úò׳ֵʤŤתĻԻ˷ܲסȴ
ѰҲһ⣬ߣ
˷ʱˣ
䣡
ӰãӶ򵥵һȭ޻ڿԣֱӡ򵥡Ե
ʵϣֲģƾǧطһȭ򷨣
ŭ޿ˣֻܱȺѰӲӶѩսããĵҫۡ
ȹѿƾˣעͽ͡

춯صײУսӲɣ˫۶һȭϣѪǴը顣
ʹ˻УŤֲеˣţ˿ֲ
ѰһȭδϢޱߵȭǵأѹɺǬ
㤣˻𲻶ϣɱǿɲȭѹ֣ԶѹƣֻǿµȭǰϮ
ۣ
һȭ俪ѪѩĭȻĽ
סԪ֮ززɲǼͱǳʢȭûױ
һλսǰʮǿߣʹ˱ɱ
ˣ
ţǿǶľѽܣжѣͽɱ
۹ǱߣĻ䶨һԾʤˣ
ӮúƯ
չأѰѡ³ʱӰ˿սеһʯ
˷ʱ䡣Ѱڣƽ쳹ȫ
ţ
ţ졢㡢˶ü
ѰԴǼ򵥣䡣
֮ǰЩֺӵ۹ˣԴоڿͲмԲޱȵķʽɱ硢Ծˡ
˿̣ΨѪѪԱƱйѰѹõĲƽ
ţұɱ㣡
㻰ɭȻͨת׵绡ɱ¶ŷơ
ѰƳһۣջĿ⡣
ǰսأϻҲܸԷϻĻᣬֱӾȥԷˣ
һս
һǿӳ̤ս
һħᣬɸߴ󣬼ʯ㣬ŲӲӵĽ⣬ɢޱȵĲ
ףһ峤ߡ
ɣ
һս׾ͷӴӰһͷԶħ̤ѵأɱ졣
һԱ۰ӡɽҶ£ƿɲ
䣡
Ѱ˱ܣ򵥡Ե̬
ȣӰԵúСĳ£еط顣
ǿɲȭ޼᲻ݣɱ򷨣
ħ֮ɱ
ɫ䣬ô츳ͨٿȻѣѻһͷаɸߣɽľͨڣĿڹ⣬Ƕʮɳ֮ޡ
𣡡
˻𣬽ն飬һ̤£һںڵꪣݺݳѰȥ
۹ӪǱߣɫ䣬һϣħ츳ͨ䲻ѰϢ졣
⽵ħ֮ʥУ̤Ǭɽӳ٣
䣡
ħ̤նݣǿɲɢѹȵضڰ
ħһڵ֮ìֱָѰ
ˣ
Ѱ͵Ӱһݣ˫̽סһ֧͵ط
꣡꣡
Ƿ˵εȼ̣˿ȴܲƵģѰһŤϵ
з
һĻԵ̫

ħʹ˻һ֮޵Ǻݺ£ն顣
ȴѰܣָ͵ظһץһӲӵľ޴Ʊ߬סǡ
䣡
ѰӺһգһھĿע£ħǰɸߵӴӰݺڵϡ
ضɽҡ̳ʯŽ𱬷ħӴ屻ҵѪģ϶ҳһӡ
䣡䣡䣡
ѰͣӣϽħ£׮Ƶġ
ԶԶȥһһͷڿңγһּ߳ӾЧ
ѪˮɽʹĲҽУ˻Ŀࡣ
˺ѪⶼѴǶѵټ壬߽ƵģѪģ
ǵ۹ǿߣĿɿڴֱ¸Ҫħұˡ
գһǶϵ׻ָΣڿѪƣǧٿס
䣡
ۣ
شģѰһȭ򱬣ըѪ䡣
ףΪڶѰеߣ
Уѻȸžޱȡ
һսѰǿưԵһͿ£ǿҲ㣬ˤ򣬺޷֮
Ե̫ˣǱ߶зɫ̡
̫ǿˣҲ̫ʹ죡
۹Ǳߣ˼С
Ҳޱȡ
Ѱ޿ƥеǽܡ𺳡

ѰУ䣬ɨǱߣ˫ǣЩǿɫѿ
㡭ǿ־ŭ
ţ졢䡢ȻɱǽʶѰǿ
˵ˣվʱһҲӲ
Ѱɫᡣ
ţɫһǶԣ͵Įʵһơ
߱Ѫս˭ǲ


1444 ʥ֮
û˸вҵȣ˵
һ䣬ŭ
һҷ꣬ǿҲһ㣬ٿĿⶼżɵ;η
ᣬ죡
һս֮еĿֲǿߡ
ҳӱ
ɱڡ
ԴˣѰ޶ã˵ֱˣ
֣ȴ
˵ǿҧݣһ¶âŭϢˡ
۹Ӫ߶һڶ̹оʹ죡
ӽսڣ۹߲ѣһһӢѹ֣¿ݡ
ʱѰʤһɨ֮ƣѪڡ
ȥɱ
ƽУһ޳ٻӰӪǱ߳һ֣ȫһţĿ⡣
壬䣡
һϮɫȹѣƮ裬ͨ巢ĿĽ⣬ͬһλ߳Ůٳ䡣
ɱ
Ǳһ궯гΪ
ѰһУŮһɶصϢֻгŽپΪȴ·ݷһͷֲޡ
ز죬սɽʯ飬촷ۣҡ
һƵĽɫ񻷣Ѥתޱȡ
ڷɽۣ֮һʱ⣬֣Ρˡ
䣬ɢϢҲޱȡ
۹Ӫ˽Ժһϣɫ΢䣬ж¶һĨ֮ɫ
˵սϣһֱȾӵһ͵ڶλãţ첻¡
ԽʥŮֹսǿյҲ¡
ǶһҲҵĶ֣οΣ
Ѱɫƽ䡣
УһݾŮӣԶ۶£ѰУֻһݡ
ˣ
̫ˣذɡ
˵ʱⲽǰɫ𵴣ٿȻһչƬĽɫϼӳѰ
ܹ°ҲԸۻӶʱתӲϼвǬſµ
Ѱɼ򵥣̤˫չ䣬һһսӡۡ
ʥƥսӡѪΪÿһսӡɱǬ˹֮
ɲǼѣĹͱ飬乥Ҳֵ
ţ
һԸıǮ嫣ŮٳſԻͬһеС
ѰΪǿվֻг߽پѣԼ硣
ʶԴսʮ㡣
룬һֶѣĹƾ裡
ЩֶΡУֳһĽɫһѪ
ϣ
ɲǼ䣬ǽɫӳһɫ񽣣Уâˣɱ죡
ǽ
ǽı䱾ԴѪӵйĪ֮
˶һǽǽâ̫ʢˣɲ̴ܴ
ѰЩ졣
η壬û뵽һ츳˶غͺܻһ̻ͨ񽣡
һ֣ҲȻһ䣬ƥƣһ϶չ¶ɱ
⾰̫ˣ޷赲ɱ֮С
ն
һһҽӲӵĽӺնǧѽӿУѷǵء
һ󾪺Ķ
Ǳ򷢳һ̾
ৣ
Ѱ£Ȼֳһɫ磬塢塢̫塢塢Ԫ塢ȵ⣬ж
ϸѰļ嶼ڷ⣬籡ԣ
⣬һڴԨѰת
꣡
ɫԱԨû顢촷ۡ
ȻгƬĽɫ貶Ŀâչ¶ɱ
䣡
ѰĴԨУལ룬͵ؾҶҪûڡ
ã
ɱ˴ⲣ
һЩǿ߼ˣشг
ֻǣͻȻ֮䣬һıĦ֮쳹Ұһɾ˵Ĺâ۾ʹ
ѰԨӳгһ㡣
нԱȫ飬һգ
䣡
⧲֮£ܷɣһ˿ѪٵˣѴһĨ⡣
Ȼסˣ
һ峤߽پĴڣǿ
УǿߵĻҲȻֹɫĿ̣㶼Լ۾
עҪصˣͽв𣿡
Ѱ̤ǰڷƮԨӿɫӿԵǿޱȡ
һ㼥Ҳŭ
ն
Уɫǽ𣬻һ磬նɱȥ
䣡
ͬʱѰ̤ɱȭɱ
̬ɺܰԵֱӣǿƵѹ
飡
սУ䣬ȭ˲ɱһ
ȻѣĹƾͱ߽⣬ʼѰ뱻
ѰĹ̫ˣǰƶУ˺һÿһȭ羪κˣ齣͵һͿ
飡
Ƭ̺󣬰һ춯صײеĽǽֱӱҷɳȥϡ
׻Ѫһֻұ۶ҵȭΡ
Ķˣ׷ףдš
޷
ֹ䣬˿ȫţѰΪΡ
ӳսȫܹӵУĿֲ˼顣
ɱ
͵һҧУһɿµϢѣӿֶƣһһأ
Լ䣬Ժ󣬸ֳһ񻷣һͷ𽸡Уں죬ʥ
һֱҰɫ΢䣬ʥԣʥѲǳ;ӵС
Ȼ䶯һֲ
һԴãɴҲ౻ء
ţϳˡ
д󶨡
ͬʱѰҲΣա
˵̤սһ˲ͲŮһɼǿ
ϳʥ˵
ֲԸԭдΪ̣ϧҶԣҲαʥûʲô𡭡
ͷѰԺһ
䣡
һͷӰɱӲӵĴɢʥϢƣض
У֪ٵľ˭ʶһĿֲ
ֻ˶㵵ǣʱ̣Ѱڿնɳֿȭɱϡ
䣡
춯صײ貵Ĺâӿ𣬸ս̫ʢͿֲ˶Կ
⡭
۵ң˵ĶᵽɤۣʶһעҪֳʤ
ֻǣΣ
ڴ˻£ĿˡԶɷףԪˡ
û˱ʥʱɺεȴĸͷɡ
ֻҪɱѰһжֵã
ɵսеĹʱȴһԽܵĻ档



1445 ʤ
̳ϼУ¶ѰǾӰ
ǣһͷڷƮ裬Ϣӿħ

ܵʥһĽɫӰ£ˡ
ɴ۾ԭɷ׵¶һĨȻ⡭ôܣ
ȫš
۵ңҲǣ㱡
֮ǰһֱֲ˼£˵Ķɤۣɽȴ˭û뵽ġ
ѰȻ
ҰüһĨȣԤУѰӦ͵סһɱȻҲ⵽ش
ѿʼ㣬Ѱ³󣬵۹߽ʣЩǿȥսжʤ㡣
룬Ѱȴһʼϲľϲ
⾹һӵܵʥ
Զţ䣬˵âע⵽ѰǰһȾѪİ߲ͭƣɢϢϲãһɳʥϢ
š
Щǿ߽޷ܣǿһȴûκǼһһë
ôܣ
һƬžУѰͭܣ̤ȥɫ価Į֮ɫ

Ų󣬿žķΧУȴս޶Ĵģݺôͷ
ɫ䣬ӿֳһĨ⡣
⾿һ峤߽پУӵȿֲս
һ̣е˿־塣
սû·ҪôӮҪô
еĵط
ǰûвμӹսǰսϣ׻ɱ֡
ʱԼеĶֲмһˣУҲȻ᲻־ζ
ڣᵽˣŷ֣ԼڲӰУ
ǿҵĲʴ̼ûеѰѷһХӽɱ
ৣ
ǽڿգ϶һҽɫ磬بննϡ
Ѱʱȴһȭɣݺϣһصʯм̳
ۣ
Ԫ˵Ѫڡ
ǱߣĿѣг˵ǡŭȻ
˶ѿҪ֧Ųסˡ
˳ڽĶԾУҿԸһĻᡣ
أվĿ㿪ڣ䣬͸һɲʡ
һ仰ȫĿ
飬ɺˣǸ˴һ·
ϧѰֱӾܾ˵ˣսϣǶ
ɡ
۹ӪǱߣԲѪţĻѰľȻ̬Ⱦ
һǿһɫĿֱҪɱˡ
սУǿɴӲ˱
ǳ׺䣬֪Լûˡ
âһһϡ
ɾڴʱѰɱٶȿò˼飬ԭ̤УڣӰٿȻʧԭء
ã
ɫ䣬ȫܡ
䣡
һĨ貵ȭէ֣Ұм󣬻һʮȭͷڣ޿ɱܡ
ֻǰһڣѱ俪
ۣ
壬ֱӱ޼᲻ݰȭ˺ѣ飬ɺѪƮ
һ⧲֮У̫Ļû˵̫ûԻһֲʣȡ
ƾ㣬ʸͬھ
ѰȻ
ӰΣԡɫĵ⣬ɢħƣԶѪƮ
ѪȵһĻȫ
䣬
һΣǱߵһǿ߽Բвеľ
λսаһڶľȴɱס˲ˣͷء
սʱѰɱɱףҲɱӮ
ÿһѪޱȡ
ÿһ԰Ե
˭ѰǿԤиǿ
һ룬֮ǰǻ޿֣޼ɵ䳰ӵ۹ǿ
ڣѰʤǽЦˣü串Ũص
ʥţɫ

Ѱڣ飬쳹ȫ
һǶЩǿ߶ԣѾȫͬˡ
ȣѰ˾ΪƣΪ֪ߵغ
ڣУȴɥӵһɫ΢䡣
ʵսǣɱѪȻ䶼ɱ˭ӣ˭ټ䣿
һµ
ɺޣһӮݣҧɫࡣ
ţ졢ǿɫ粻
۹Ӫߣ򱬷һ󻶺϶ʣϲʤ
Ѱʤʵʿ
ҪǣֹǸղһܼѹ֣Щ۹սУһֱѹţ̧ͷ̫Ѫᣬޱȡ
Ѱһ˶վսս񣬲ƥУɱЩǿ߶ĺ˲ʹ죿
ܶû˸ǿˣգȴȵطɱ⣬ȷʵܶ˰
ţף֮䡣
Щǿ޲¶ɫѰʱղǵȷ嵽ˣʵЩ
о裬óǵĵǺͶ־ȥɱ˴ӣ
ţȡ
һһսţ޲ĵĶ־궯
ſʲôһ˶ѣĿ˵Ķ֣עҪĴۣȡ
սУҵʤɱ۹֮ˣҲû˿ֵʲô
һ̣ߵŭ͵۹ӪǱߵĻγĶԱȡ
ѰӰȻɫ䵭ֻṷͿûãֵģ͹
ɱ
͵أһǿ߳಻סɱͷŭˡ
һ뷢ȼڹ۽еӣϢ䱩Һˡ
䣡
һض۽ϯգϢ¡
ϧغϣͱѰһ˲һŽ̤ƣķѡ

ѰȻೡɱ˳ȾϢ˥١
Ǳߵǿ۾ˣĿѣĳܣԽܡ
Һúޣţ۾ͨ죬Ҫ
һ̣ᵽ֮ǰѰȴʱζˣ޵ſֻûǳ
۹ӪǱߣѳ׷ڡ
ʤ
սǰսУɴӲй
ȴȱɱӣǱֻʣˡ
˵Ѱ˿˳ս۹ҲռһƣϾСʯǶûг
ѰûС
վǣŲƵʯҪɱף
û֪һֱ̣±¶̫ǿһЩҪ⡣
磬ţλʥˣ֪ڳ֮һԼĶʱǷ߳ŭƻ
˭Ҳ˵׼
ʶѰһֱڱĵĵߣÿһչ¶ƺսѹƶԸһͷֲԵǰ㾪ˡ
ɱʱȫԲһȾѪֱֿͭӾܵסǵɱ
ˣǳ˽پΪɱ֮ǰʱ֮䣬ֳܷʤ


1446 ض
ѰԾģǰ졣
һͷɫͫӿסֹ׵ޱȡ
壬һޱȵȺʥ
һսһʼͽ뼤ƥ״̬Уؼ䶼Ǻϯ
ͼһ븲ɫ׵磬һ븲źɫ׵磬ֳãһϡ
ɱ֮֮ɢĻϢѰȲѡ
ʵɵضֲ츳ͨȴѰҲд۽ĸо
ÿһȺܹӴ񣬱Ȼ̵̺ġ
Ѱδ顣
Ƭ̣ѹȵðΣС
Ҳʩչɱƴ
֮磬ϴа
֮ףɱ飡
𣬴гɬ䡣
ͼһںڵ磬һɫУʱֳһֻĻҝɫ
ͬʱһɿֲĻϢ֮ϯӿȣ嫼ʮأ
طʮ־ˣѰԾвɲ
䣡
ؾУѰĸһڴԨɲǼ䣬ͽһ׵û촷ۣ
ͬʱһƺݺݰڰϣͼ׹У类ĥѪ׹ء
ǵ˶ͷƤ顣
Ԫû⣬ĥһɶ
ˣ䡣
Ѱʤ
ľϲ۹Ӫǿϲ֮࣬ⷺһĨ𺳺ͻ㱡
ŶʶѰҪиǿֲ
һ뵽ʱѰӪ濴жһ˵Ĺо
ʱӪеȴЩ֪ѰսҲ֪ᱻ𾪳ʲôģ
Ǳߣһɫޱȡ
ʥţɫ䣬ǿ԰ıɱ

ѰĮڡ
㻹Ҫսȥ
ʵǿ㣬޷ܣŭޱߡ
ʤ߿ѡһֱսȥ˭ܰһܣעܡ
Ѱ˵⣬ʶʲôĿٿȻ㣬ô㺦ˣ
Ǻ죬ŭ㣿
ǲǸϳˣѰɫƽ
һ仰ɫһ͡
ȻˣֲңΪҪ˷ʱ䣿ѰѷһĨڽȡ
۹ӪǱߣԷЦ
֮ǰſ񣬰񣬱ǿ׳죬Щ۹ǿΪ
ڣٳٲϳ
ԭ֪ȻǱѰɱѪȵֶθˡ
㣡޷һ̬ƽױ˳Ц
ţ챩ȣŭޱȡ
սˡ
ţҲηսǰǴȥĻ˻߱Ѫս㣿
һɱ㣡
ɫòһҧ͵̤սɢɲɱ
ȻƼˡ
Ƽ˵ӻҧˣҲǽοǿ㣿
䣡
һɲǼ䣬һɫꪣһȣ㣬Ѱɱ
ѰĶ죬ӰһΣʧԭأһ̾ͳڿǰ
£
űȣѰֶԷĽɫꪣָĴ֮Ļѹȶ¡
飡
㶼Ӧ͵ݣը飬ӲĹڵء
һ
ɲǼѣͽ˽پѹһּ̬սϡ
̫ˡ
˶ûüӦսĻ
һʱ䣬оǳһֹļžȫ˶һ͵ģ
֮ǰ
ڣܵ죡
սԲһߣѰеİ졢˶Ҫǿ
ڣƫƫǰܵһϣҲĲʶһ⡣
֮ǰĶԾУѰѵһֱȫ
һĻ
վԶţŭֱ̫ˣһͱ£ȥˡ
㣬˳
ţҲܻ
ֻǣνкڵϵĿȴһ㷴ӦûУһܡ
ѾˣҲûá
Ѱڡ
һ仰ʯ쾪
ٿȥʱȻͷ֣ϢѶϾ
⡭
ʧ
ԭһֹǽѹأһɱԹص̬
ɼ衣
ӣǸɱ
ţٰ಻סŭ𣬴
һȣͬһ޶ֱҪѰըʥϢֲ
ؼʱ̣Ұһӣӿֵĥ𣬻ֿµĺ
ţƻ򣿡Ұ
ߣ
ţһɫûֻйһŭ𡣡
ٸһԣҰɱڡ
ţޱģսĹ˭ƻǡ𣡡
սУѰԪȹ̣δܵȴ裬һ֤ԼĲ²⡣
ЩʥһŭˣԸΪΪ
Ҳҿһʼ֣ûб¶̫עĿսţʥ˵׼ʲô۶ӣ
ˣѾǵѰеĶ֣Ǳߣʣţˡ
˵ȫ۹ӪбռԵѹƣ
˹Щ
۹ӪǱ߶Ʋ⣬Ѱܷɱ¾սɱһеУһδеļ¼

Ϥ֣ٶȴѰдնõͳɱ
߸̤սѰԾģһĽɫͬгƵ϶ҫۡ
ѰУͲ
۹Ӫصǿ߶ã˺Ҳûʲô
Ȼգۼ䣬ѪʨĺͱɱʹУΪʲô䣿Ϊʲô
ǲҽţɫòá
۹ӪǱЦ䣿սϣǿ
ûУ
ͽѪѪҲǳһ־ζˣ
ڰ˸ģһǿߣ޺ۣսȴϵǿ
õ۹ӪǱ߶죬Ϊǵã޺սǰʮ
սչֳ֮䶼Ѷã
ɣǱ߰صһݽɫɱﵰĴڣһѰڣǺֱ롣
ڵ۹ӪߣҲֻвܺ޺һϸߵ͡
ҲҿѰڣ
һսһʼޱȲң޺ȫĴ򷨣һУ㡣
Ǻ̬˶ĺ
գ޺ǰˣȻ֮ǰز¶һֱѹƱѰע
䣡
ɲĺУ޺ͷ­ͷʬ׷ɳܸߣͨһ׹ء
۹ӪؽԲԼͬذһͶ
ѾѰİʤ
Ǳȱɱѡ˳սţ죬˸ߣԱѰһ
һ̣ҰЦظ
һ̣ţɫˮŭѵ



1447 ͻ
ķ紵սһƬš
ĿⶼǸħ޷Ӱ
Ѱһʤ˳λǿߣսʤȫ
ɺޣɺް
Ǳߣʥţֻʣţһˣ˿̣۾ͨ죬߬ȭͷָ÷ס
ս֮ǰɴûֲᷢҾ磬һͬѪǰǱŭζţ춼Ҫ
ǵ۹ӪǱߣ㱣ԡ
ɱ
ȴȱɱӣǱֻʣţһӵвսʸ
ĳȣЩսУ۹ӪһֱѹӰ֡
գѰǿŤתƣһɱöԷ䣬޹⣡
ҰûϵѰ˴һϲ
ڳ֮ǰѰ˵һֻĶֻ᲻
Ѳǿʵ
ţһԲɫˮ̻ŭѿµ˼£ʧͬû뵽
̫ˣ
һսϢ˵ʿؽܳޱȵĴԺ󡭡ɻ߱Ѫս̧ͷ
㻹Ҫս𣿡
žУѰڡ
һ仰һ˵ţо̶ӿ˵ıơ
սӵ۹Ӫڣˣ
ţܽܣ
֮ǰ㵣ԼˣռƣڣѶս˳㵱ʱ٣㣬Ҳս
ѰĮڡ
ÿһ־һѵݺݲţͷĿѣװ಻סкβң
ţ
ɾڴʱţֹѾսӮԼҫûбҪȥɱ
˵Ĺûʣʵ˭ţţ죬ҲѰɱˣ
棬ȳѪޣ̣
ţУ͸޾Ĳʡ
Ǻǡ
Ѱ¶ڽЦݡ
۹ӪǱߣҲһмü
û˵ʲôȴţŭڣǸȰ裬ս
㡭
ţŭҪֹ
ԶҰ͵ɢһɿֲޱߵƣңңţƻأҴӦӦ
ţŭĿԲϢ壬Ƭض
գҰƬ̺һܺãܺãԺлᣬҶҪҰĸУ
ҰȻϴɾ
ţߣɫÿ¡
ͬʱţѶ֣һ˽Ӳӵꪣ۾ɽ屩壬ɲ졣

ꪺգ޾ɫ⣬񣬰Եƥն˺ѿ˺
ѵ
Ѱȭһҵɢ裬ꪶ͵һ䡣
ҲСѰȻڡ
ɱ
ţ۾죬ǱŭɲδŭͷһԴƣطأŭԽ󣬷ӳսԽֲ
Ѱյġ֮ŭط֮ͬ
䣡
ӿգɽӲӵɫһֺֻɫڴ֮ʥϢ
⣬Ȼһʥ
Զ۹Ӫص˽һɫ΢䣬ţ̫׺ˣ籩ŭţħ
ԶԶţ˸оѹ֡
飡
ꪻ£عѱ飬ձ˺ѿһѷ죬ϲӲӵʥâֱָѰȥ
Ѱòϣţ첻սһֹ峤ŽپΪյ츳ͨʥҲ˵á
ϧǣţ첢Ǿ
˵֮ǰѰеЩǿûһ̤۵;
һжעͬڳ;ϣǵ޵̣޷ѰԱȡ
ΪռƣҲȻ
䣡
ԥѰɳֿȭţӲȭ׾򵥶ֱӣÿһȭӳʱƣȴֲ˼¡
ͨεѰԾ۵;֮ʩչ֮ʢѿƾס
ţΪռƣֳʥսֲ;̵ȱݣֻѰһȭס
¡¡
ҵսתѣѽٻغϣֱɱػ谵޹⡣
ɲײѤöĿĵڳϯɫ䣬
ҲѰ̫ࡣ
һĬԵڴ˿̿ڣüҲһĨ޷Ƶ𺳡
ƾͺΪΣֳʥţɱ൱
жЩš
ֹʯ˶ѱ𺳵Щľˡ
ǰɱֺţ켤ҶԾˣѰչ¶ʵ֮ǿ֮ͣǶһַ˼֮С
Ǿ۵;Ұૡ
½ЩӵܵΪʮ߱ѪսУͻͽ
վʧһٵĳΪĻᣡ
Ϊ޵ڵ;ϻִѰٻԵ
ԭڴˡ
һԵԸı;ӵеĳɾͣ
͵أһ󾪺
ͼսУţѪѰ޼᲻ݡƥȭĵˡ
֮ǰȴˣΪɱֵһӣΪθˣȴԭͲԵøˡ
ѰɫţµһǿߣоǱɱ⡣
ܡѶս˳սǿ󣿡
ţдŭ
֮ԲȰҲҪѰɱܴһԭڣΪѰսļǿ֮ĩ
룬ʵȴˣ
㲻֪黹кܶࡣ
Ѱ̸¿ûе˿ħƣԵǿ֮
Ƭ̣ţͱѹƵ̧ͷܵˣڱǶֹסѪ
ͷɢɫ
˭ŤתǬ
Ҳ˵һΣѰһɱһеУһκ˶Ŀս漣
㲻С
͵أѰӣȭ貵һɫգţɱ

ţ𣬷ܣѾˡ
ɾΣֵʱ̣䶸
С飬ҪⱣ
ıŭУʥţǶˣ
գۣŲƣսֳѰȥ赭дһ̺ʥȴֲκ˾
ʥ֮£ϡ
ɲǿţţһλʥ
ٶ̫ˣ
쵽Զ۹Ӫ˶Ӧ
ʱľҲΣյ˼£˭뵽ţʥ˾᲻棬ϧƻأѰһ֣
һɲΨѰԵޱ侲սʼһֱĵľսУΪ¶ս̫ǿһЩⷢ
ȷˣ
ৣ
ţֵһɲѰԭǰӰ͵йһԱ֮ǰٶȳԶˡ
ţҲû뵽ʱˣѰǰΣƵģܣٶ֮죡
Ȼһֱ
䣡
սеضɽҡնݣĺ˾ʥһĿ¡
վˣѰ֮յرܿ
һ˵ʵһɲͷ֮գͺڹŹǰһ⣬Ҳ޷ᵽ


1448 ֮

͵أҰӰѳսУ߬ȭһʥӡɱ
ˣ
һѣƬһݱļ
ͬʱһӣһ͵ЮѰŲƳս
ߣ
ûܻɱѰţڵһĨҰĳҲʶѾʧ

˲ö룬У͵һ֣һƬڹۣҰȭס
䣡
ײټս鿪
ǣǿƹͺͺݲĹ۵ɽȴ˿⵽һ˿ƻ
һ󾪺
۹ӪǱߵǿ޲׷˱ܣɫȻ־ŭ
˭Ҳû뵽ڻɱţĹؼʱ̣ţλʥ˾᲻̬ϣǿƳҪѰ
һ뵽ѰղǼʱܿעͽѣÿ˶һ亹
ɣ
ôţħʥˣȴ̤۵أֱ֪߳ܣ
ɶ񡪡
ʯǶŭ
ԶţҰѾֿɫأػƶģԽԺսطϳҲգ
޳ܣ
Ұ磬ɫÿ£Ҳû뵽Ϊһţ죬ţ޼ɵ
ҰӦҲò˶ãɣֵоͽһ٣еǿߣעֳʤʱãսбҪȥ𣿡
ţЦᣬοҾƻأҺΣ
һʥ˶ȫȻϷʱ˷ŭġ֮⣬Σ
һ̣ʯǶû
òףһսǵ۹ӪؾͽһǰδеĴʤһѩǰܡ
˭뵽սĹͷᷢ飿
ɱ㣡
ҰƮԥˡ
ƾǣһ֣ȴԵɱƥжǸɴ䣬ˮ
䣡
ɲɫʥҰԼӰӿ֣ʥϣϢ𵴾졣
һͷɫӳչ䣬貶ĿȻȫɴʥ
ǵȹ˶һĿɿڴڡ
㲻ɣ
УţâǣƳ˷Ʊ֮ʢ˶еϢС
䣡
սˡ
ʥսֲ̫ڵһʱ䣬Ѱʹʯ˳Ƭ򣬶ԶԶġ
ˣԶʥɱľȻѡ
ʥֲ̫
ҷģһΣţעԲ˶ߣ
Ѱ
ǰοǶҰżš
ˣɲҪ˵̫ҰҲϾˣǡֻҪˡ
һ䡢ϡɳƵٿȻ
ԶգһݵĺӰ˾һĨӰںڵĹ⣬Կģ
ɵĵһۣѰԺвԼͬظֳһͷ
ӪѪʥף

ʯǴʧɫĶȵף
ԼоһıһʥսһⰵѪʥ׾ͳˣɺϣı
ţ֣רսɱЩСһһɱҰ
Ѫʥɳƣ¶޾⣬ڱʱ䣬ƬһƬ
һ޷ݵĿֲʥѹ
ԭ֣
ԶսеҰϵǣһ̵Եޱ侲δʧ̬ŭ
ƨһм֣
ţȡ
ʵȷˣҲû뵽Ѫʥ׻֡
֣ԸҰͲپд˴սЩǿ߱ɱ
Ұ˸ò²ͱϣ֮עҪһսġ
䣡
뵽⣬ĹȻ
ͬʱѪʥҲѽѰˣɫ価һĮȻˡ
һȺϣ
һӣ赭д֮
ΪһʸϵʥڰѪʥУѰһв̸ϡ
ĵԶĴս
˴ν˻ᣬǿһٽ۹Ӫˣսϣ˵Ķѱһ򾡣ԺںӪľУעУͬΪǡ
ϧţЩͺҺʮǰ۹Ӫעˡ
ãҲ
ţٷŭҲעܾҵİ
Ѫʥ˸ѵȴλܾã³ǡһʯһٶãҲΪ⡣
ֻǣ뵽⣬ȻһУԾ
ৣ
ͼѰȻֳһԺɫãڝģҹ֮ɫ鶯ϡ
ѰԼ֮ˣһʥɱ֮ǰƾʧ
ռŲƣ
Ѫʥɫ΢䣬Ǻεȱã
ৣ
һ̣ڰѪʥǿֲʶɨ£ͲǧһѰӰƾո֡
ߣ˱УֱǱǸɣ
ѪʥߣӰƾʧһѳǧ֮⣬ֳ̽ѰĻȥ
䣡
ֲʥУձ飬޷ݵĿֲѸƥ
ʱѰŸոսʯУһٶһ
ӰٶʧѪʥһա

Ѫʥɫһ̰һʥһʵֿռŲƵܣӵԺʥŲֶΣֱ˼飡
Ѫʥ׻ôãҲʥɻӲı
һ뵽⣬Ͱ಻סٶȳ
ৣৣৣ
һʱ䣬ͼɽ֮䣬ѰͰѪʥ׵ӰڿռŲ˸һ׷һӣٶȾס
˲ðӵд˱ӳܾԲ˼ˣ
ѪʥԽ׷ԽԾûܵһʱ׷ѰԵúܲ˼顣
ͬʱҲ̰ˣʶѰһԺɵż侪˵
ǺǣСһվʥˣƾ˱ҲֻŲǧ֮ضѣûӹ𣿡
ѪʥһЦ
׷˵
Ѱɫ
ͨؾлõġ֮
˱þǿռŲƣʥյŲ֮Ҳ𣬿졣
Ψһı׶ǣʥ֮µΪô˱ľԪʱ˵
ŮѹѰҪͷ˶ô˱
ڵ֮ʱѰĻٲŴ˱á
ϸܷ֣ѰܣȴδԶԹ۵ɽΪȦӡ
ڹŻ򣬽ɱġ֮ɱ˶λʥȻʥֲܶ
˿ɫɺƽȻһλʥ׷ɱҲκξš
ûɱģ಻壡
ǰĪɣֵأ
Ӧÿˡ
ѰĬĬ㣬ҰǱߵս
ðѪʥ֪ϵѰڱԼ׷ɱʱǵûоšһʱҲ֪θˡ


1449 ش
Ƭ̺
ѪʥײЩͷ
ҪĿǰţһҰɱˣһ۹ӪעҪ֮
ɲѰһֻС˷̫ʱ䡣
С飬ɣ
һβ׽ѰӰѪʥ׷һȣ͵ؼһ׹Ǵݺҳȥ
䣡
ɲʥϢӰ׹Ǵӿ֣һ֮£Բ֮صɽӣȻ顣
ɽʯľԱ촷ۣ
֪߱Ѫսż̵طԺѱ顣
ɰѪʥһȴɽӻУ
ɴˣͿԿʥĿɲˡ
һΣѰʱͱУУסһ亹ٲҺ˼롣
ǰȷɱʥǽɱĵ
һλϹʱƾȷܲ
䣡䣡䣡
ʱУѪʥ񷢷ƵģƵƵ׹Ǵһɽ飬һҶϣضǧٿס
ԭܼ򵥣ݺ;磬ԴСͺܶڣȻٳûѰҲЩ޹⣬߳ŭ
ѰĴʼò
ʱƣľھţֻ֧Űӣ

ͬʱڹ۵ɽ֮ǰսеҰâһץסһ˿ᡣ
ٿȻһֳһߵ֬ƿ
ţ
ɱţһðһյΣУֻǵ׼Ӧʱ
䣡
֬ƿУȻ籡һɿɲʥΪһʵʵսì
ֻƣѹȵƬضȻ
ã
ţɫ䣬ѾܣֻȫӲеһɫȫӳ
ţУţʹõġ
ţУʥܳ׷ӳ
飡
ꪺսìײһ˲ͱֶɡ
ţ󶼲㱻𶼶ѣܵɲޱȵݺݵȥ
ۣ
ڴ˹УǿȳһѪ
ն
Ұ׷ȥץסѵޱȵĻᣬеɫսŭ¡
һһնܱţסȴٶȿȳһѪʧȥȻ
Ұƣκһ˿ĴϢᣬӵɱݺǬʮɽӶʧɫ
飡
ܼը׵ײУţȫƣɱýڽڰˣǲѪ
һڵд˾ŭ
֮ǰںҰĶԾУռһ˿Ϸ硣
ȴΪһ֬ƿһжתʹֱӴ·磬ȫѹס˲ѡ
ֱʱţ벻ף֬ƿǺεȱӵ˿ֲ
Ǹоͷ·λʥһл
롣
䣡
һǸƥµײţֻʹǰһ󷢺ڡ
ܻʼдѪʥΪֱʱҲǰæ
ѵ϶̵ְ⣿
飡
ûãţôкݺڵϣͷ嶼ʹ΢΢
Ҳץһ˿ᣬƾŲơ
ߣ
Ұſɲɱв֪ʱһİ׹Ǵ󹭣ʺѪĹұ
һڰƵļʸڹϣһ޷ݵıǰ׹Ǵضɫ䡣
Լ䣬з׼ʥ˱ħѪȵȿֲؼ両֡
鹭
ã
һ˲ţͲʧɫ궼ܵһ󾪼ºʹʹ
ûκγɣȫӡ

ͬʱ
һɲһƬأƥɱﶼ
ţӵúܼʱҲܿ죬ȫʩչռŲ֮£Ӱڰǧ֮⡣
ɲӦһƥĺڹ⣬俪ռ֮Ŵ̴
һѪ
ţɴ۾һܵŶŵģʲô˿ֲ
ǧﰡ
ռŲƶܲˣ
ޱȵľʹӶһ˲ţ֪Լܵ˼ش궼ˡ
µǣһƥɱϢڴ˿Ծ˵ٶȳȫӡ
һʱѹƲס֮
ţ׿־ˣܴ̼£ѲһУȫӱܿʧڼԶ
»Ȫ治Ǳ
۵ɽ֮ǰҰҲЩ㱣𵴲ѡ
ںܶǰһǿʱѰĹɱУʱҲԷӳһԹܡ
һһλʥȴû뵽һԹǿˡף
еһľ
ϧˡ
Ұһ̾ûȥ׷Ϊһֵϼһڡ
⣬ҰһѰǷֵܼڣ
ৣ
ͷû£ʧ

ţʲô˾ˣ
׷ɱѰİѪʥƤһؼһɼֲ֮
֪鹭ͱܡ
֣ȴһ̤ʵ
ѵţǱ쳣
Ѫʥü
֣þȫҲҪʱڽѰ¡
ˣ
׹Ǵ֣ŹѪʥ͵һϢһǿࡣ
չռŲƣǧ֮⣬ʶһѰƴİ׹ĴҪӳ
ڴʱһڵƥ˺ն
죡
˼Ŀ죡
һĨ⣬˺ʱգӳ䣬Ҳӳ밵Ѫʥ׵֮ͫС
һϢ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫʥɫ䣬׹ǴȫԸҳκα
飡
ײУԴ˵ΪĵķԲǧ֮أһűֽȻ飡
ǵȻݿɽ촷˲ľݣﶼһ˲
ڴײУѪʥ׵İ׹ǴӲһǣѵɳȥ
ѪʥױˣѪݵɽѹȣеŵŵĵ˳ʮɡ
סӰʱٶΪʹŤһƺߡ
һж̫ͻȻˣ
ѪʥҲ⧲Ҳû뵽ȹ˿¡
϶ɱңƾҲ䣿
Ұƿն鹭ٶ𣬹

ң׼֮
ߣ´ɱ㣡
ԥѪʥתӡ
ѲҰȻɱˣ˵ţѾˣ
Ѫʥ׶Ѳ³ţֻҲǱһֲޱȵĹܣ
ֻǣǰΪξû˵ҰǻһԾױ
Ѫʥкܲʡ
һΣΪһʯһٶãֹҰɱҲܽ۹ӪԼӪԺ˵ĶУھơ
룬ͷȴˮһգ
ǵˣˣòӡ
뵽⣬ѪʥöѪ
һȷѪˣΪһʸն䱳
ͼ䱳һƤȻը䵲סһͷųĿɲȴ÷ɳȥڿѪ


1450 ƾٺ
شˣ
һɲѪʥ׾ûɳٶ룬һ޵Ӱƿնȥ
ˣ
鹭ʺѪĹٶȱȴû
ͼԾ˫΢΢һȻɷףһɷƵɱڳ塣
ɣһԹ쾪Ĺ
֮ǰشţʱһԹһΣڶԸѪʥʱΡ
һٽţͰѪʥ׽Դܣ˶ӣҲҰЩԲˡ
ϧˡ
һŰѪʥӶݵķЩźҲЩġ
鹭ͱһʥֻܿΣֱ̫ˡ
վǸˡ
ԶѰӿնɫɡ
ҲԣҹƣţͰѪʥ״˴ܵƣûһأ޷׻ָһʱ䣬һȫԸȥ϶ˣ
Ұɱڡ
ѰȷһӪ˵ľʱ
˵λҪлı
ҰĿ⿴ѰϸһĨЦݣֽ̧ƿ鹭˹ȥ
μӹ۵ɽս֮ǰѰɣֵмһڲ֮ͽ١
ʱʮǰɣֵеЩ

Ʋɽ۹Ӫ
Ϧա
ӪеǿߣӪشǰȴţûһ뿪
һսҲ֪ǵ۹ǷŤת桭
˶̸Щѹֺͽš
ʯҶСҲڡ
Ѱе˽ԼģʱƣҲЩǣΨִһجģĻԵ۹ӪĴ̫ˡ
ˣ
أ˼С

˶ͣжĿ⿴˼Զ
ͼУһƿնΪ׵Ұʯеˡ
Żˣ
ӮˣӮˣ
ӪУһ󻶺ÿѹͷʯͷأ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ֻҪ˻ŻζӮˣ
Ϊ˭֪սһʧܣζ
ӪأҰԷɽۣʯܵӪǿߵӵغӭӡ
죬ǽһսĹ̡
ǰǵ۹ôӮģ
˶棬һڴ
һЩǿ߲꣬ʮˣ۹սһѩǰܣôʤ
˭ܲ
ʲô߻ӡ硢ܡɽˣ
˾¶֮ɫԭձóŲ١
Ϊ۹λ뿪߱ѪսʱһҪǵĹǻҴص۹
˼ᶨ฽
ѰأΪβӰ
͵أɺҶСɫ䣬г
ҲڴʱʯǽѰһնλǿߵһһ˵
һʱ䣬оϣȻ޲Ѫţȣ
һˣս֮أ¾ȺУڸ֮ƣ
˾̾
ǰҵȻΪ棬ۺ켵ܵĴҵȼֱ羮֮ܣ̫֪Цˡ

ڣһսʱӪҲעǵ۹Ķ֣
㽡
˵⣬ͱʯϣԺ󲻿սˡ
˵ţսʱͻȻʥս˵˳˲֪ŭ
޲ţѪʥױ޳ܣΪʥˣ
֪λʥ˽Աɱ˶ӣ˶ֺЦͽ͵ʴף
Ҳʱ֪Ѱ˹۵ɽɽʯǰУһºŻ
λ׼Ұ»ָǾͳȥ̤ƽӪˣ
ʯȣ緢
˺ȻӦŵĦȭơ
һսϴ̵Ĳֹǵ۹֮裬ı˵۹Ĵӵһɨƽľѻᣡ

۵ɽ
ɽƺһӵʯڡ
Ѱ̤˵أʱ͸ܵһ˵ĴϢ翶Զη
ٿʯϣͼһ̺ͼ֣켣ʯ֮УҷӣɵϸȥȴޱߵϢ
⡭
ѰĿ⸦һȥֻԺкһʲôͷûˣ֮أ޾Ĵû
㱼䣬·𿴼ݲĿƺ֮ϣһ⣬黨ӿ֣ľިïƣҩ̸
ϣɫɫɫɫһƮҷתŴϼͶʥ
ƣɻչᣬţ¹֥Ⱥû졣

һƺͷһӰϯض˵ĸоȴ·֮ϣߴ֮С
һƵĴؼƮԡ
ƺ䣬ľأھ
ɻˡţ¹һ飬ͨ㣬ڲͬĵط
ؼ䣬һƬžΨеڶ
ѰƵģϥͷţͷ飬Ĭᣬ֪֮Զ֪֮ء
Ȼҡ
ԭ㽫ڴ˵ˡ
ǹͺͺݲĿƺŮӵӰ֪ʱͨؾ߳
ڱƳһڵϵѰŽĿ⿴Զʯϡ
Ŀ⿴ȥʯϣһǧ˰ʮŵ̺ۣÿһ̺ۣǴ֮Իһִӡ
֪Щ̺ۣһڴ˵λ۾һеĴڡ
ⲢĴкͷţһλ۾;ʱһ·ϵ򣬱һĴкͷŸ
ֻ̤ۣܽܽһлΪУˣҲ
ܿ죬ŮӾջĿ⣬ɫʼղҲһĴ̺Ӱ졣
ϧֻһЩ򣬶ĴҶ֪ʲô۵
ŮӸڱĬƬ̣ƮȻʧ
ʯǰѰȻңһҲȻ

۹ӪȫҰ£ɱӪڵɽ
һɱǴݿ࣬ɽϣʺѪ
ϧѪʥ׺͡ⰵ˫ӡǰ룬ɽϡ
Ұǰڵɽ
ֱ˸գȥ¥գֻǽ塣
ȻŰѪʥ׺ţĸˣӪˣȥǰ˳׼
Ȼûȫ֣ɵ۹˽Ժ߱ѪսԵ۹һҶ
Ӫѵʵ
ʮ
ɣֵڣҰԶԶعţǬ֮䣬һƬããʲôҲ
ȴҰеһļ£·ããżΪֲڡ
գתȥ
ʮ
۵ɽۣ֮Ѱ͵شӴ
Ѱʱ䵽ˡ
ɽţѵȺǵҰ
ǰԵȡ
Ѱ˵ͷߵ֮ǰ峺ĺԶɽӣһϮ졣
䴽У³һ仰ƾڣ



1451 
ƾڣ
һ仰˸֣ƮƮ
ɢȥʱȴ羪ɨƺʮ䡣
һʱ䣬֮УըװĻն
ɽţҰȻ̧ͷһĨɫ
ͼϣһĨī֭Ľƣ۶۵ɽ֮۵񷶼ڱΡ
ڰҹ
ơѹֲ֡ĻϢ֮Ӷ
ǧ֮أɫ䡣
ɽϣѰֶ䣬ϲ
һ£ȻңһѰΪѹõĺˮȻ
Ϊ˳ƿ峤˽پ
ΪִԲزв²죬Ʋ֮С
󣬽ڴ˿١
״Ľ׷زɢĻϢƵֱϢ
ѰУžһԽĴأͬ峺Ȫˮʡ
һĴ̺ۣһλ۾ĴߵΪͬ򵽵İҲͬ
Ѱ򵽵ģڳ;
ɽ֮ʯԹ񣬶һλ۾Գ;ĸѰһȱ©һµУ;ʵһȫµɱ䣡
ûѰȴ̫ã;ھŽ١١١
ױ֯ɵĴ£һһо֮
Ѱ̤գϣԣϥȻʯûһ˿
ΨкڷƮƮ衣
һ̣£Ѱ˸С
ÿһǽףĨɱ;κһλߵܣֲ޷
һ٣һʱǵȳԿǾףֲޱߡ
ʼգѰ
ǣֿ֮⣬ɮ붨˷ϮԿȻ
貵ĵ绡Өâ֮Žӿײ
ûã嶼һѣʳʺѪ绯һѪˣɫɲ
ƽݡ̬ڶɽ٣ڽ֮
ҰѾ׽ٽ֮ǰ˵˼ԶĬһ٣޷ƽ
ҲɹŽ٣ȴԶԶǰһǰֲ
Ҳ˶ɳŽ٣ͬԶѰ֮١
ھĽ
Ұо̾
ѰɽٵķʽҰݣ
˶ɽ٣޲ٴУ֮飬ޱȣ޲ýһֶζʩչ
Ѱ
ʲôû
ǰգӸ̨֮ϣƵᡣ
٣ƾƾشȴƻȻ
Ұ񣬵һθܵһ޷𺳡
Ŀһ漣ڷ

ͬʱɣֵһ䷢

һоǧŰپʮŵ̨ףֺصĹУ쳹һ
һֲ̣ɣֵظĿֲ飬޲ͣжĿⲻԼͬͬһط
һˣ
һƬУӳһޱȵĻÿһƬ˵ۣйϼתƮһʥĹ꣬϶
ಣ
һƿʧ
£ֻΪ񳯣˭ң˭ҵĴ֮У
һƬ߿ݽߵƽԭȻѿһ޴ǧɵĹ֣һͷͨʯĥɵľ޴ڿն
һ˲ֻɢϢһƬƽԭȻ촷ۣ
ϣ
һڵϿУһƳ¾ɵͭսꪣһʧ
ٴۣµᣬҶգ
ѪɫУɳһֻѪɫɶֻ꣬аƴССһԳȴɣȾѪɫۡ
䣡
һģؼ䣬׼Ӱʧ
Ҳóˡ
һ·ϣһһб˵âն˺ѿ
۹ȨߣԪ
ߣһϮµĵۺ縻˴̩ԼӰݣ뷢԰׵¹ѧԺԺ
ʮˣһ٣һΣһҪסᡣ
̩п
ʮǰһнɣֵأѰ̽Ѱ컯һ·֪ٵľա
ҲͲٶɱ
ܹɣֵмֵڣѾܲס
ٴ䣬Ի籾ԴΪڣһֶΣɣҲ
¹ѧԺп
Ԫ¹Сһˣ
һ࣬ۺʵһϮ£ڷ٣Ӻݶš
Ԫһʶۺ˵˭ЦֻҪ½磬ſ϶ǰǰǷ¹²飬Ǻˣһȡһᡣ
٣Ҳ֪СӵжߵΪΪһѵޱȵҲš
̩Це
̤ӦǿԵġ
¹ѧԺԺ룬˵¹½ڳĺӣ϶
ʵЩĵǱߵġ׾ءǱߵġС׾һɲһλϹλۡİܣߣ棬ò
ۺ
Ԫ˵ͷȻ϶ʵӦüɵģһֱݷ籾ԴеЩ顣
˶٣˵ǵֻײɲ򵥣֣ǿܺһƽ֣ҲҪ׾ءи鷳
ۺԪ¹ѧԺԺһУֻײ
ǰѰһԵʱżȻֻײ鼫䱩壬һԲϱ㶯֡
һ֣ǺԲ롣
ҪǣǶֻײ籾Դأвٿֲ飬޲һֱȴһ
Ҳ˵һķᣬһǵ۹ӪһӪһˡ
һݷڴ˵Щֲ顣
ҵǣʮԪ̽Ѱݷ˵صЩֲ飬һġ
෴Щֲ֮䣬ҲǴž͵жԵĹϵ
ЩֲһģԪֻѷˣϾЩֲʵ̫ǿˣ
߰ɣС϶Ҳǰٵ۹Ӧ
죬Ԫϡ
һնȥ
ˡ
һʥࡢӨıѩϣһֻſһƬʴıѩҶϣ峺öºͣһ˿οؾ䣬٣Ҳ֣֮ף𣿡
ߣ
ѩۣ֮һֻײߣٷϻڴ£ˣǲҲжˣ
º͡ƽ·Ӳһżֲ̰ͼǸֻǡҪ뿪ѡ
뿪Ҳ޷
ײɢһɭȻ⣬ʮ㡣
ž
䣬ײһ˴һƵģ󣬽º͵
ף֡


1452 
ײĬ˰죬͵طһЪ˹ٴˣܸܲĵëҰ׵ۣèһİף
У͸޾ķŭ·ܵĪ衣
º͵㲢δɵۣһҲ㣬ڳɵ֮ǰҶһװɡ
Īأһ˿˸ȻϢӡ
ɰײ飬壺һøˣǲŽбοƾЩҲֱ֪
˵⣬ײûֻͣҪΰңԺǰңסֻһ
ĬƬ̣̾˿˵ˣһ㣬뿪һҵһĵ۾֮·
ײرȻڴ˱ôã˷ôʱ䣬ֻһ뿪Ļ᣿Ҳ
أԲǧ֮أһɿֲޱߵɱ֮С
·ƬضҪݳ٣
⣬ֻΪײǷŭ
ĬƬ̣˵ף˺òãǰ㣬㱩겻ġ
ģײĬˣ·顣
֣һᣬȴξܾң˵ǰ㱩꣬ǰҲҵġ
ײͳһ˿ʧ䡣
ৣ
ѩϣչӿٿ֮䣬һò棬ɫº͵ꡣ
һϮ£㣬ͷϲһ֧ľ£˳Ⱦ֮С
ᣬҲӤ峺ȴһִǻۡڵϡ
ϵƣе£׶ƽͣȴڱ⣬ܵӳ
㡭
ײסǡ
ӲԻӰһֱݷҶϣһԶûоͷ
ڣȴˣ
㿴һ㶨Ȼģˣұȥơ
³΢Цº͵Цݣǧ֮صɱ֮ɢﶼܵл
һľڷлҡҷš
ڴӦˣڴӦˡ
ײƺܼгӰٿȻһһӰСŮ
ŮһϮɫȹӨİһͷԺ¶һӣü£Ƶᣬ֮ʮ㡣
˭Ҳţ֮ǰϢ䡢塢ֲ֮İײữһֻʮİŮò㡣
Ůߣ¶һĵЦݣ˵ģߣھȥ
ࡢöһҡҷķ塣
ף㡣
пһ䣬˿ɫˣȴȡ
Գư׵ۣȴ׵Ů˸ǷĲɡ
֪УһֱһԸԸгһսԿɳʥ
Ҳ֪Ըֱ˼£Ҫʵ֣עǲܵģ
ԣоġ
꿴һۣҡҡͷ꣬һ˵أҺ죬㻹ǵ𣿡
Ůһüһ徳С˶üǡ
Ц죬һ룬ͻȻһˡ
˭Ů
Էɽ˵Ӧʦܡ
ŮƺܲԸӣڵɽʮŵӣиĲ֪ͬ˵˭
Ц֪ģֻ㲻Ը
Ůīһüëֳ︡һĨǸսɿĻˣ
ҡͷ˵ɽϣеʮģ꣬ǡʮʮľţ㲻úȤ
Ůһ
Ѵ󲽶ȥ࣬գʥɶ˵δУᱲ֮
죬š
ŮƲƲ죬ֹ淳ˡ
˵ţҲæȥ
һʥѩٿȻһƬѩҶӣļϡ

䣡
۵ɽۣ֮׺ѵʱ̡
ѰȻ𲻿Ψһɾᶨһƽ
ûãֹɢػָ֮ǰʡ
֮ϣѰƵ屻貵âԡԾ˵ٶȻָš
ԶҰһüҼһȥһĨпȡ
Ƕϲţ˾ܹƽݵķʽɹһƾĴ١
ǰˡ
ûãѰ
Ұ̧ͷȥͼѰѻָˣ˵Ϣƽˡ
ϸƷζܷ֣ƽ֮£ŵǺεֲ֮
⣬Ǿ۵;ϵĳŽپ
ǵˣҰѰԲһּΪ˵ı仯
֮ǰǽ״壿Ұ̲סʡ
Ѱ̹Ȼͷ
ʯǰһǳڶɽҲһ˿͵ǡ
ԣŸ޿ֵؽ׽֮ǡ
ǰǶϲġ
ǽΪŽپΪ׽ϴҲȲò˶ã˳볤Žپڡ
ֵһǣΪΪһศɣѰҪԶΪۺǿᡣ
һУԺʱСڤܲɷֵĹ
ھ֮ڤѰԪһΪֱȥδ֮ӶΪֱ񣬶һֿǰǿĵز
ڳ;ϣܹȡõĳɾͣҲˡ
ҪһΨгʥ
ҪҪȻӪؿһ
Ұʡ
ѰһȻ

죬ѰƲɽ۹Ӫأܵǰδеӭӡ
һʢľϯڿҰԿѰ
һǿϯҰߵѰǰѰյִӪصʱ
ʱҲҰ磬дѰֻǣʱղңǿҲࡣ
ҲǴϯ󲻾ãѰܵչˣ˵ۺͼʡ
˺ǽ桱
һжһˣѰһˣսŭնŸǿߣƽǬ
Ϊһʢ۹ӪһɨңŤתƣӪݿ壡
ʱһУҲлΰĸо
ȻأҲ桱֡
ϯ֣ÿ˶ѰƣѰ߲ܣطƣҲδ;ܾ
˶п
ѰЩĲһߵĵ;Ҳעǲͬġ
ҲˣһЩСìܺСԹŲǺİɣ
ϯѰֺʯɡҶСߡڤеۣ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲پơ
ҲˣһĬԵֱ˻룬ÿ˶߶߶˵һûõķϻ
һҹѰһֱƣЦμǡ
֪Ժ̸ֻۡԽԽ٣ԽԽ١
һ磬ѰǶ𣬺ҰһȻȥ
֮𣬲Ȼһһ棬һһ͡


1453 ׹
ɣֵڡ
һʱҰѰһ߲ľ޴Ͽ֮УϿȾͷããҝĴǡ
ҰʮǰǶѽУˣӪǱߵĴҲ롣
ѰϿȾͷľ󣬷ֵȷ͵겻һˡ
ǰʱȻҲȴ٣̸̫ա
ɴʱֻվ֮⣬ѰܵһΣϢ
ʲô
ѰһǰҸȥʹǻϣ
ŴϢߡ
Ұ׼һ׭صƵĽɫƵݸѰסҪСģ
Ѱ˵ͷʵǡǺεȾ磿
⣬ƲΣҲѯˣϧǣ˸𰸡
׼ۡ
Ұ³֣ȴʯ쾪Ѱ͵һǡ
׼ۣ
ķκʥ˶еϢ
̩ϺҲһλ׼ۣ
Ѱ̲סʣš
ҰݸҲڵ۹У򣬱˵׼ۣʥţ类ѹơ
۹ͺñһС׼۾һͷҪڳдֻܽһ
ϸԣ۹ֲСηص۹ӦҲᵽˣؾķ۹Ѻȫһˡ
֮֮Ըڵ۹Ϊľǵһؾ٣ץס
ˣѰǿ侲˲٣Цû뵽û뵽۹˲á
һ룬һŻ½ƶطȴݷһλλ׼۴Ż˭ţ
ֹǵ۹ӪҲˡ
ҰȻŻܲ嫣½Ȼǿ˰ٱǧڹŻ򣬿ûϹĴ֮һġ桯ҲûɣֵȻ籾Դء
½ĵڡ
˵⣬ҰѰûΪ¹»ѡڴ˵أ
ѰһУҲΪ½ܲѰ
ҰͷǰҲԴӳʥһЩ飬ŷ֣½ĺܲѰԺʥʱ˽⵽˵ٶҲá
Ѱһ˼Ŀ⿴Զɣֵڣǰǡ
˵գֱǰȥ
ǵҪСӪǿߣЩһֱ߱ѪսѰҵټȴһһɣţͰѪʥ״µҲѽɣֵء
Ұѵ
Ѱ̲סͷǰͲһɣֵеĴʲô
Ұҡͷǵȴҹţ߱ѪսΪ۹Щ˱ݻ
Ѱֵ۹ǰڣʵ˵۹֮
ȥɡ
ҰЦЦֵ
Ѱٶԣת̤ãã

һããУѰһˣȻתɫƽһĴ󹭡
ҝĴУһּʶֻܸӦǧɷΧ
Ѱò
ûˣԣɣֵвֹʥˣдʥʥ׼ۣ
ҰĽͺѰȷ׼۳ûҲֹһ
ֲ̫ˣ
ΪץסһƿϵٵĻᣬѰҲ̤˵ذ벽
·
ڵ۹ڹŻѰֶѿ£˸һʱ֪ٵǿƳ硣
һеĳɾͺҫȴ֮Ŭ͸
֮ʮɱεȲҡ
ǰɣֵأ֮ͬУ˭ðգ
ϣ
ӳƴ
鹭ͱҲѰбڱһУһСġ
ˡ
УҰĽɫתһĲָǰѰĬǰУɫ
ؾţһļžëȻ
ʱ
ԶУȻһ˻
Ѱ͵ֹɫ𲻶ǲҽλãǡǰ·֮ϡ
գѰǾ·
ɱܿҲԸðա
ЦһʥҲˣʥϵĿֲڣǾ
ѰƿһȦӣ߳ǧ·;°սɫƵָչж
ûãɫһ
Ϊڽɫָ£ֻƻԭȵ·ǰС
Ʋ
ѰĬãһҧǰһ
ܿ죬һʯɵľ޴ɽڻҝС
Ѱ̤ϣֱִɽۣ֮ŷ֣һִİ׹֮ϣͨҝĴ
ǰ׹һڽھ޴޹νӶɣֻܹһǰУƮԨ֮ϣɽ紵ʱ׹ҡҷ
ѰĿɨܣֵͷ˿еĽɫƣȷҪǰУͱǰ׹
ಣ
ѰָһʯԨ߿Уڰ;ʯӾžһȻ顣
ͬʱһȺѪɫ͵شӸ߿ӳ˻
ÿһֻѪɫ𣬽ĥ̴СѪɢϢǿֲ֮
ǳȺӳ֣ѰɱԶԶȥһƬѪɫ֮
ৣ
Ѱԥ˱ܣǣЩѪɫȴڰ׹ǰֹˡ
գɺѰзޱȵ˻ĹƵġ
ȲҪɱѰȴ뿪ǰ׹ᴩԨ֮ء
Ѱ԰ʶղļ˻ЩѪɫ
ˣѪԹǿߵΪʳǱѪϹʱͱᡣ
СǵϢӦʳʥ˵꣬ӵ
ѰʱüҲע⵽ЩѪԹһǿò˼飬֮αʥҲֻԲһЩѡ
磬һֻѪԹ𣬶ԳưԣΪһپ߶ĺ
ڴ˵أȴȺû
Ҫ׹ֻɱˡ
Ѱâӿ
뿪֮ʱɱαʥʱǳ߽پΪɱúܼѡ
ڣǳŽپΪ¾αʥη壡
ϣ
ƴĶӳͬʱѰҲˣѪӼתһڴԨ
ѨУǧ̫
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬ǰһͷѪԹзâ˺ѣȻ顣
ȺѪԹ궯зޱȵ˻ؼ䡣
ۿɼѪɫӿɢ
ն
Ѱܣٶȼ죬ɲǼѳѪԹȺУز÷衣
ԨľҲת
¡¡
һʱ䣬սѪȼ䡣
ԶԶȥѰһУϰ׹֮ЩѪԹҪôնɱҪôѹ촷ۣŨѪȺ˻Ҳǲɢ
Ѫȡɲ


1454 ׹Ԩ
ۣ
һͷͷĥ̴СѪԹը飬Ѫ
Ѱһ׶̤ǰ׹ǰУΪǳɱٶ̸Ͽ죬ҲԲ
ϾһֻֻѪԹɲѰɫս֮ǿţ졢൱
ѰһˣΧܹɱһѪ·һĻ۹ӪЩǿ߿ֻֻ
ಡ
ֻǣѰû뵽ǣ̤ϰ׹ǰ壬ϿյĻɫУٶȳɰǧѪԹ
ԴԴϣ
ǵ龰籬޳Ƭضޱȵ˻⣬
飬ó
һ˻κǿߣֻѼֲס
Ѱûһ

ѵ̫ӳӲ磬ɱȻת
һɲǣʮͷѪԹ¾
ŨѪȣٲƵĲк֮
Ѱɫ侲ʼղͣ
ӨѩĶӿգʶݣʩչԪնƥɱ졣
ܻԨһֿƿֲķֶΣһѹֵɱС
̫ܻĽǰͻͣݺύһ·
һ̣Ѱꡢ塢Ϊһתƣʥ˶Ծ
ɴҲԿЩѪԹĹжǿ󣬷ҲܽѰȵȫս
Ƭ̺
Ѱɱ˰׹ͷһ۾ɽ±ڣ±ڼѿһ϶ɹ˴С
ˣѰԥͳ˹ȥ
䲻ЩѪԹ𣬵ЩĿ̫࣬ɱ֮˲ʤš
䣡
ɻѰ̤ϰ׹棬͵ش±ѷӳһ׹ǴݺݳѰȥ
̫ˣ
ıѾõһ͵Ѱ֡
ң׹ǴϢʥ嫣ǿ֮
Σޱȵʱ̣ѰֳһԺڝķ֮Ӱһоյرܿһ
ͬʱѰҲڿ˳֮ˡ
Ѫʥף
ݵӰһĨӰ±·ϣɫᡣ
飡
Ѱɫһ
ǰڹ۵ɽսʱѪʥ׷ɱĻϲϻˣ
㱳Ƕ
Ѫʥɫ˸˵â
Ѱ˵֮ǰһ˻
ȻǰѪʥں׹ʱҲѪԹĹ
飬㶼ˣòӵˣȻ˼ҵıĿ󡣡
ѰЦ
¡¡
䣬һȺѪԹѰɱʱ˲òչս
ˣѪʥҲЦСΪΪʳݾýһ
޿֡
Ϊ̽Ѱ˵أֻҪڰ׹ϣѰͻܵѪԹԴԴϵĹ
Ψһĳ·Ҳѱѿأ
ѪʥһŮеӢɫףһӰС
ŮĻɢϢݾׯϣһŮ
Ǳšⰵ˫ӡ֮Ƶλš
ɱţ졢ˣ
ӿڣа棬ѰУһĨ
Ȼδʥܶһ˴׹սȷֲܿ
Ů˸й⸡⡣
ʥ״ˣɱţ
ɫѰϣһǰδевеļ¡
ã
Ѫʥ׵ͷ˵һ׹Ǵٶ𣬳Ѱ
䣡
ɲʥӰ׹Ǵӿ֣ٶȸǲ˼Ŀ죬ĻϢ֮ǿ;ֲѪԹȫ촷۱顣
Ѱһǰк
飡
ײУѰĵ˳ʮɣһڣܵÿҪѪ
УȴһĨɫ
̤㳤Žپ֮ĵһսһλʥڡһȻޱȣɱϾסˣ
ǰѰԲ顣
֪ʥαʥȫһĴڣʥ֮½Ҳ˵˵ǰ򵥡
ڣȷסˣ
⡭
Զİ͹⸡綼㲻ţе˼
ʥУ;ϵҲϰ㣬ڣһȴһֻ浲סˣ
˭ţ
ߣǱҰŮˣΪһ֮»ܻţ
ѪʥɫһҲо޹⣬շ߲ѡ
䣡
˵ʱԥٶȳ֣׹Ǵգתʥ֮Ѱƿնȥ
ֻǣڴʱѰķ֮һƾʧ
һ̣ѳڰѪʥǰ
У֬ĥɵĴƿ֡
ֻСƿӣ밵ѪʥУȴ͵һܵһв
ã
ҪܣͼƿУ͵رһӨӲӵսì
Ұһλʥȫһƿļӳ֣һѷǣ
ͷѪʥ͵طһС飬Ҳˣ
䣡
ɲײ쳹ǬֲϯƬضڰ
ɹǣǰ׹Ǹɽʯڣܵȿֲ£ǲ
ͼѪʥǿݵӰһսì̴˶ݺݵɳȥзʹĴС
ѰӰҲͬߵķݣ͵رɳȥ׹·ĴԨ׹䡣
Ԩлɫɣܿ죬ѰӰʧ
һѵİ͹⸡綼ѱǣ׹ߣղһĻǾûɳ
޷ţѪʥ׾ᱻ̴ɣ
ãȥʥ״ˡ
͵أ漤˸Զȥ
տֲɣֵУѪʥˣ͹⸡ʹ粽С
⸡Ҳһæ׷ȥ
ܿ죬˾Ϳ˰Ѫʥף嶼Ʊ飬ֻʣһԪҡҷԵޱȡ
ʥ״ˣ
˱ߣֱڶ޷⣬ΪѰ˵Ѫʥףֱ̫˼顣
еı̫죬ˡܵȴˡ
ѪʥɳƣֻʣһԪѻһصѪⲻ档
ޣʥȴһϰĶشģֱܴ衣
ҲһУ׹ԨУɣ
Ѫʥҧгݡ
˺ã˺áૣѰţǼֱһµجΡ
δʥشһλʥһ붼Ĳ
ʥ״ˣô
⸡絣ǵ
ˡ
ѪʥҧҪڴ˾һʱ䣬ǰһ
á
͹⸡Եͷ
ͬʱѰڴԨв׹ڱѪʶģ
ѪʥƴһƣҲܵˣˣͿסɱ
ʱһֱܣѰƴӶ𣬿ĺǣԨһεĽѹǵ޷巴ѹȵò³
Ҳ֪ãһ죬ȳཬɽѰݺཬ֮С
ҵʹǰڣʹ˻ʹȥ



1455 ֲ
ǿҵľʹȫѰǰֱðǡ
˵ȷ̫ˣһλʥһƴУǵƻѰ
飡
Ѱ޵ҧ
ͬʱҲ²ѣһλʥȾѱҰشȴƴʱأܱܣȷ̫ˡ
ҲʱѰʶʥ֮£ϡǸĺ塣
ʥ
ϸʥ߱ܣҪһ󾳽ɱԷǲܵ飡
Ѱռѵشӵ𣬿͵һһεĽѹȣʱֵڵϡ
ʲôΪһԨл˹
ѰһĿɨܡ
ȴУŨصĻɫǣϡɼԼ֮أһƬС
ǣȴɺɫģ类ѪˮȾ죬ɢ˱ǵĶϢŻ
һؽظѹǺϣѪɫеĲкɰҶ֮
Щòᶼڴ˵صǿʬɣ
ѰһУһɲ̤ʵĸоëͷ·ԨײݷĳֲֿĴڡ
Сһ
ѰɣԸ
ಡ
СӳɫصɨܣҲط죬оѹֺͼ¶

ͬʱѰתͬʱóһҩʳʼȫˡ
꣡
ûãǻɫУ͵һƵžķΧУԵΪ̶
СһϵһνԴ
ѰʱսֻܷӳɵսңΪ˵Եʣһǿɱܻܵˡ
ɫ侲
˶һöƣҲԼһŮĻᡣ
汻ȵ˾ʱѰ⶯Щѹ׵ֶΡ
ɫһͷƺİ׹飬߳鰵ѪƤëûС
ɵ֣ȴһɿֲޱߵϢ֮Ӷ
ǿնۿУȼѪɫĻ棬ѰСʱ߻ҪϢ
ֲ̫ˣһ߲׹飬ɢƣȴƱʥ˶ֲ
ʲô
СѰнԺȻѣԿ϶ǣ׹ǰȻһͷ꣬ҵмǿ
䣡
ǰ׹ǺһѪ֮ٿȻǶɽХѰСϯ
һɲ߻类˵֮ûУʵ̫ˡ
ԾĹ˾
ˡ
ɾڴʱһƻư߲Ĺ⣬ѰϸֶһɨϯѪȵϢ͵Ȼ޴档
һյ͵ƳѰͷƹҡҷ°߲ĹΣ˴һ־İ
޾̵ƣ
յıѰھ֮ڤӽУλôлá
ƾ˵ƣѰڤ֮ףҲѡ
ѰǵãʱôԣгһգǰǿչŵԴ˵ƣΪЩʧڵ;ϵĹ»Ұָ·
ô˵;пຣָռǰ·͹̣
Խߣ;ԽգֻҪϣ˸ұ֤ʧڵ;֮У
˵޾̣Ԣݳ
ѰĵģλôָѰ;δ֪һƶڳʥʱɻ֣һͷѪע˵ƣƽ֮
ֻǣѰȴû뵽޾̵ƻؼʱ̳֣Ϊһɱ٣
ʱ޾̵ҡҷƵƻµĹνѰǣ˶һƵĹ
Ѱݵǣǰ׹ǺһѪڿ޾̵֮󣬾¶һĨȻѣͷ졣
ҪȴֲңԵԥ
Ѱܸܵ׹Ǻ翴һϣɢϢ٣Ϣºƽ
ڵأؿ޾̵ơ
һĻԵޱȹ죬ѰСЩŰһʶ޾̵ڣ׹ǺӦˡ
ĪأѰٴô˵Ļ
Դ˵ƣΪʧڵ;ϵĹ»Ұָ·
Ѱ˿Զİ׹Ǻ꣬˼ΪԭҪ޾̵Ϊָ·
ˣˣ
ɫУȻƵĽŲһ޴Ӱ֡
һǺˣֻһȾѪĹϼУһ޴ѪɫϽ
ǺֳһְɫӡŴۼģȫ
ⱳѪɫϽеĹǺ˵Ϣǰ׹Ǻ궼ǿһأ
ѰСһֲһ
𣡡
ڵصİ׹Ǻ귢һ˻𣬵Ǻʱº͵ϢֱһѪ֮ȡƼɵ裬Σա
ǺûᣬǿնۿУͬһȼŵѪɫͫһԻ档
Ʈƹε޾̵ʱ׹Ǿ˶ʱһסǿֲϢҲ֮
˺ԥϯضһϽϥǰֱһλ
ˣǰ׹ǺҲڵأ޾̵ƣºͣ˵ɫ
ѰСˣ϶ֻҪ޾̵ڣ³ٶĿֲҲӦᷢʲô⡣
ˣô죿
С
ȱ𶯣һָƣ
Ѱ
һǰ׹Ǻ͹Ǻˣץһʱ俪ʼˡ
ģǰ׹Ǻ͹Ǻ˶Դκһ˿Ӧ
ˣѰİ
ֻǣѰԼ֪޾̵ƳˣԨ֮£˷ĻɫУһ˲֪µĿֲϢʼӳ
󣬽Գ߻۶
ಣ
һͷ޴Ĺ񣬺ն֮𵴵Ұݣϸȥǹ״˴˵еɻˣ
ֻǣƣȱ侧Ө𣬵ȴһ
ţһͷʬ֣޴ĹǺһɽȱʧһֻʱҡضһ½ںơ
ৣ
һɿݽ֦Ĵ֣ǧɸߴϣһ׵˸ɢֲĻϢ
ÿһֲʱϢɵ޾̵֮ҲͰ׹ǺꡢǺһˣȺǣĿ⿴޾̵ơ
ͷ·һյƾΨһϣ
Сһп۵ףȻ֪޾̵ڣӦòᷢʲôΣգɽ˼¡
ҿ϶κһֲһ֣⽫ѰĨ
ֻǣ벻Щֲ﾿ô£񳹵ˣƫƫȴ˲ˣģģˣϢֲ
ʱһһš
ѰҲע⵽һУѽƽ
֪޾̵ڣͱȻĻᣬ֮ǣ콫Ƴ׻ָ

ڴеѰ͵رһͳۻ롢϶ѡ
ؼҡؼҡ
Ѱ۾ͿԶһģĿֲ



1456 ۳
һǧٿ׵ֻ࣬аƴСɫɺںڣɢϢֲ֮ȴֲﶼ˱ܣ
Ѱһһ˵
ؼҡٴηͳ
ˣһһŵ۾ǿߵģСɫأ嶼Ӳ
Ѱһһ࣬ǧٿףŲƲãϢȴ˿ֲƣȷ˳Ծ뵽۾ǿϡ
ƻûϡ
Ѱ׳ŵӣ̽ڡ
ؼҡ·ֻǵûؼҶ֣ظ
ѰĿɨֲȥѾ£߸ɫĿֲ顣
а׹ǺꡢǺˡǺɻˡǺݽǺߡ
Լǰһ̲࣡
УҲŲ¡
Ѱ֪һ״Ʋָһ룬볹׻ָ뻹Ҫҵʱ䡣
⻹вҩ֮򣬻ָֻ
ɴʱѰȴ֪Ƿȥ
ΪһŲϢһֱԼõͳ϶ظšؼҡ֡
Ҳ֪ļ
Ѱٶȳ
ɵõĻӦǡؼҡ֡
ѰüԼ֪Զ߸ֲǿ֮ƺѵʶֻһֱ־ʹж
һ
˼Ƭ̣Ѱ𣬽޾̵֡
ʱԭ롢ܵ߸ֲһҪѰһߵļơ
ϸԣҪ޾̵һߡ
Ѱˣһ̧ųǰнȻͷ֣ЩֲҲһˡ
ͷ·е޾̵ƾһĨϣܹΪָ;
ף
ѰǣԭڴԨеһɽȴ޷ѹƵ޾̵ƣ
ͺñȣǽڵĺҹ޾̵ƾһѻ棬ܹҹɫճһ
Ѱһʶԭ˼򵥣
Ӷ޾̵ǻƵĵӰƮҷ䣬Ȼͷ֣Ѻ粢𣬿ɷɶݡ
䣡
ѰһȺֲҲ֮ˣһޱ֮
СվѰͷǵˣһ뿪ԨʱЩֲﲻη޾̵ƣǸô죿
Ѱһҧû£淢ʲô⣬ֶӦԡ
˻û׺áС
ѰɫŹ֣С˵Щֲһţ˭Ҷǲ
Сһ㶣ӢƥСҲֳһĨŹ֣Ĵָٻ˵ֶκø
Ѱһۣʲôٻƨ
СЦ
ߡ
ûٵ飬ѰԨϿȥ
У޾̵ƮƵĵӰƺڰĹ⣬ǽɢ
һȺֲ׷档
ûãѰһһبеİ׹ϡ
ͷһۣͼЩֲϢƽһȺ˳ĸƵģδ¶ʲôɱŰһ
һ˻ͷиǵĻɫ𣬺Ϥ
Ѱ֪ЩѪԹҪˣ
׼սͼһȺֲ̧ͷһԶѪĿ⿴ϡ
󣬸ղгһȺѪԹûüӦ뱬顣
ң˻ҲȻֹܵľһûһֻѪԹ
ʱЩֲջĿ⣬Ѱе޾̵ƣɫֱð
Ѱһп۵ףֲ֮࣬һڸ
ǴһȺֲȫɣֵк˰ɣ
ٻĸоԭˬ
СҲ˴һ̾оһȺǿޱȵıڣ
Сݺܲã
ѰƳСһһۣӦýнŶԡ
ڴʱԶ±ѷУһУС龹ţ
ѰŤͷһ۾Ϳվ±ѷ·ϵİѪʥףԼѪʥߵİ͹⸡硣
ѰҲһ⣬ƿûܳ׻ɱѪʥף
ʱ䣬ȫָѪʥһ壬Ȼɺأ˵ѻָһս
Ѱ㺦ԼʱһſݵһӾѿ˼¡
һΣҪ㻹ӣ
Ѫʥ׷ŭ
Ѱ΢΢һЦ˷ǰ
󣬰Ѫʥ׵Ȼֹɫ䣬һģ
ͼѰİ׹·ǳһǧٿ׵ֳ࣬һͷɻ˵Ĺ񣬽ţ½ֳһϽĹǺˡһ꽹ڴһͷ׹Ǻꡭ
ÿһֲѪʥɫһ䣬ƾһأֱһͷɽʱѪʥ׵ɫọ̈̄鶼
һ̣˶Ƶģϵ
⡭⡭
Ѫʥ׵ȷŻˣðÿһֲɢϢǿò˼飬񶼲ڡ
ǳȺʱɢϢѪʥ˫ȴƤӶ¡
ڰ͹⸡磬򳹵ɵˣһ˲ͱ塣
̫ˣ
Ѱд󶨣ԥԶİѪʥ׳ȥ飬˭˭ث֣
ѰһȺֲﶼһϣΨֺѰе޾̵˾롣
ۼĻѪʥֱӾͱˣзһУЮŰˣͷӴܡ
һɥ֮ȮĻ̻ģ
СЦ⻹һλʥֱ֮
Ѱȫ׷죬ֻǣûн֮£ܺƿؿռŲֶεʥȡ
գҲû׷ϡ
һȺֲֻǸѰʼգûæĴ㡣
ѰҲһΣҲһȺ޾̵ָļһʶûУĿԼʹ
ˣѰѾˣ룬ǴԨ֮Щֲﲢδľٶ
ڰѪʥ׵ߣѰ䲻ʣҲֻܽܡ
ɣֵأϼһˣעˡ
Ѱ˼⣬ҡͷٶ룬ȡһɫƣʼ·
֣޾̵Ʊš
խ±·ûãǰȻʣһƬããɽӡ
һȺֲ棬ѰȻηʲôսɫƵָʾǰС
һʱ䣬ͼããɽ֮䣬һصľ
ѰǰУ׷һͷһͷֲ˵ĹıƵģһ·ϺƺƵ׳ۡ
˺Ѱ޾̵ƽСţԼһǰУһת޸ơ
·ٶȲ죬ʱѾࡣ
ԭڣѰ޿֣ʲôգʲôͲóһЩգһһȺֲʵ
;ϣҲûһЩµ飬ããɽӼ䣬ʱӳһЩµ飬ݣޣҲȾ֣һϢǿޱȡ
ɻȿЩƲȻӴܶȥӵñ˭졣
һЩʥǿ飬ԶԶؿӹѰֻǵѰһȺֲʱЩӵĿһʱʧøɸɾ
˵еĴ۳УԱܣҲˣ


1457 ׼֮ս
ɣֵϵĵؼ䣬ɢͻͲࡢΨһĻֺ
ǧŰپʮŲʯ̨ףݣӵǹϹĴǰ
ϣĹƮӳĵô˹ס֮أ
ֻǴ˿ʯ֮ǰȴһҵս
䣡
ɲĴزõ磬ϣ졣
Ԫۺ̩¹ѧԺԺһȺˣ˷Ĺ
ǵĶ֣ԡ׾ءΪ׵ӪǿߣԡСΪ׵ǿߡ
һȺܾݷɣֵеĿֲ飬һͷͨһͷ޴ţƵͭϡ
ÿһӵ׼۲εĿֲս
˵׼۾ʵҲ벻һƾ춯صļɱС
ۣ
սУۺ԰ףǿȳһѪ޳Ӱһ΢
Զ׾ɫ᣺Ԫ㻹Ҫ翹ŮϾҪˣ
羪ףնըѡ
׾һϮƤ£뷢ʲݣʹͭɫÿһƤӡصĴϢֲͨ졣
һ˰׹սìͣһɱǬ˸ŵĿֲܡ
֮ǰۺǱˣ
ߣ˭ȷ
ۺߡ
Ц˴ʱɲ֪ˣǱȫǣ
һ࣬ƾճһϮۣòſ꣬һȴӿޱȵâ
ѿһΪǣ˰
Ĺƣȴޱȣÿһкðǧߵɱ¡
ǵȹĨɱκһλʥˣ
̩赲ȴѪƺߣɫһһס
Ȳöˣ
¹ѧԺԺɫ࣬һХһϮ죬ӰɢĺȻ
Ϊһˣ̸ʲôˣһΣΣԪҲ
׾ɫᡣ
̸ʱһֱڼɱԪۺΧ
ٷϻɱ
ͷ̵廯ʮɳ紫˵еƵģһܻɽӣ龭γ֮
һ࣬ţͭϻӶ絶ǰ֫ʼһԲĹΪ͡塣
һȺɵĶǻɵۣ룡
̩ô
Уʵѽޱȡ
ǶѸˣ᧿Σȥܾͽȫû
̩ǷϻսɣȻվҲҪ汳ġ
Ԫԣɫƽɢƣǿ֮
һɫķɢѹ£ƽʮơ
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¡¡
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ȿֲԵָɽӣǬһˣ̤ƽһ棡
ڣһȺ׼ڽ棡
ŵ˵ʱ򼴱ʥˡʥڴˣһսನɨУҲĿܡ
ʥҲ˱ܣ
ۣ
ûãԪǿʵҲסѪȾ
ֻǣɫƽ
ΨУһ̾
ʱһ˵ִ˵أǿ߲κγͻȴ׼̨׽빬ʱ⡣
ʱŴĹϹͨ˭룬һ
ϵĹʮأɢϢγһϡ
Ԫ죬ţܣʶԼϣһ컯
ҲˣǿߵĵӺɱ
׾ӪǾˣЩݷɣֵеĿֲ飬ڵһʱ䣬ìͷָԪǡ
ȻԪһ󣬿ͬҲΪһ󣬸һ˴һɱ١
˭ȻһԪУ
ԣûнǹϵĹһս̱ˡ
⣬ԪԤϻˡ
ֱʱԪѲٻһ¶⣬¾սҲҪɱһʹ죬汳ģ
ΨһźǣһΪõۺ̩¹ѧԺԺҲǣҪһѡ
ԪҲβѡ
ԪھΣҵȴڶ⣬ˣʹһɱ췭ظ
ۺѿ͸Ԫ롣
Եˣ
̩Ц
͸ˡ
¹ѧԺԺЦ
ս
һ̣Ƕ־
ԪҲЦˣַ֮ɫǾƴɣˣݷ۹Ѿܾòʹɱˣ
ͷţ޹˼ɺ͹һ
Ԫǵۺǣǰһ֣ɱǰǿߣҲá
ΪԶİУһֲ۹ս
Щļһɱһ·ĿܻԹۣ
֪һжˣ޾ˣ
죬붯ȫ
һ̣׾ءеһ׼ǿߣɫҵ
Ϊ׼ۣǱκ˶һλ׼ƴʱǰķж£
οǰƴĿɲֹһλ׼ۡ
ԶԹ۵Ŀֲ飬Ҳһ궯ʶһɱͽֳĽ׶Σ
飡
ûãǾ޴ͭϱԪһķɣ嶼ݳһӡʹĴС
ͬʱԪҲǿߵΧˣ嶼һģѪ
ЩӵĶȫȥ
һ̩࣬״ħͷɢѸۣѪϣ˿ɲ
ȴȻһɱļơ
ۺ¹ѧԺԺҲˣɱвϸˣûһá
ǵȲҵսضĿģס
ƴɱ£׾صȲ׼ǿߣҲˣŭɫҲ־
ΨԪǰķˣϣǺǶɵޱȡ
ԪҡҡҪһˡ
أۺ󿪿ڣɫѩףҡҡλΣһϮ¶ѪˮȾ͸
Ԫһӿһ˵ķŭĿѣ͵ڵۺǰҪߣҲҪһߣ
ԣһߣ
̩̬񣬷Ұް˻ɫȻ۾졣
¹ѧԺԺһЦܺλһ֮ң
һ̣Ǳ˴˶ӣԴЦ
׾صɫ䣬ֲ֣˭ֳ֪ǰɱµġ
бġԪ˵Ĳȴһ˿⡣
ɾڴʱԶȻһλǰѰһս


1458 ˿ɵ
ţ
Ѱʱֲڳе׼۾˲Դ
ǵΪ¾ڲޱȵɱУҪ׽Χеһ˿紵ݶҲ¡
˺Ȼ
׾ءе׼۽һƺ⡣
ϣ
һ˿
ߣ
ͭߣЩñݣΪ˸϶֡
ԶԹ۵һڿֲ飬Ҳһ¶Ź֮ɫû뵽ȲεĶԾУһ֪ߵغСһҽŲϽ
ԪǱƴɴʱҲһѰ
Сôʱˣ
ǵʶУͼԶĵطշһ˿˿ȫпռŲƣ
һ°ɫ꣬һԺڝÿһ˸˲ŲƳǧﷶΧ
˭һδʥˣҲˣǽԸе⡣
ͷ·𣬻ɱʱһֻϴӲݴԼ˵Ҫ뵽ɱУǸоһ˵ĻС
ƫƫأͷˣ
ЩԹ۵Ŀֲ飬üζЦ
׾ᣬǻͬȲεĶ֣ǻһ
ϧĶʵ̫СˣСκȤ
ԪпѣСһĿܿǰͺûʲô𣬿ƫƫˣ
ΪҲû
ǰܼһĻԪǶһ˵ĸижҲеǡ
ǿɲϣѰ
ף
ɾڴʱ˲Ծ
ǡ
ͬʱڳһЩֲҲһɫЦζȫ̡
ԭѴֱѰսپ׾ءеˣ·ɢһʶȥϸ֪һɫ΢䡣
Ԫ˼⣬ǰȫѰһɵע⵽ǹǳһĻʱҲ¶ɫ
֪ϵı仯ɲǼĻ
ɶѰĳ֣ڳ׼۴ڣȫһ̬еԾݣ
ʶУͼѰ֮䱳½һһֲӰ
ǧٿ׵ࡣ
ƵĹǺɻˡ
бϽƼеİ׹Ǿˡ
а׹ڴ׹Ǻꡢ׹Ǵߡ
ÿһϢƽЩ׼ʶӦ£ȴܵÿһֲӵеϢǺεǿ
⡭
׼סɫɡ
һȺֲ׷󣬻漫֮𺳣ͷ·һֻϣһȺ׺ʨ
ǰСòֵһɹֲκ׼۾ģ̫󣬹ʶҲ֮
ԨЩ»Ұ
һͨڣƮ꣬Ӱת϶
ġ
һЩֲüʶ˴ԭ̵̣¡
еգòһԭɱ׼֮սҲڴʱΪѰĵһ㾪֮ɫ
׾ءеһ׼۴ڣ˿ǲԣɫ䣬ǿѰȴ޷ӸѰȺ
ɱ죬ԪѼֲסˣ
׾ȡ
׼ҲѰһȺɱע޷̵ġ
ߣ
ԪЦȫԸ
˿̣ǵľѳױˣΪѰϣҵһԲʯ١Ľ
λѵԹۣ
ͬʱһͷɫ𣬡಻ǿ˭һ컯
ԶԹ۵һڿֲɫ죬Ȩ⡣

Ѱѣȫſɲѹ
Ƭأһ׼ƸǣǵϢֱֲ޷ĵز
ѰԣֻǿԵޱȼѣ֮أ
Ǿ֮⡣
׼ۣѹʥεȿֲɢϢĿǻδʥѰܿ⣿
ǣԶڷҵ׼֮սǵȶսನһƣܽѰĨˣ
ˣܼȡ
ۺ͵ۺԾѵĸĸѰҲ֪շ̩֮¹ѧԺԺæ
ۼΧѰĿ޶ԣ
Ȼɲģ
ಣ
أһսನԶϯһĨ磬ɿɲķۡ
һƣȴѹɽӵĿֲܡ
ѰͷƤ飬ͫȻһ߰һθоԼǰСǰ
㷴޼£
ˣ
󣬰׹Ǻ̽צӣһӡ
۵һһƷĭ㱬
ԭѰͨؾŮӳֵ׼ڣȴ͵ʶ
ЩֲﲻԼʹָӣͬῴԼգ
ͷԺһѰԥ߬޾̵ƳԶսȥ޹˼ɡ
Ǹо˷ɶ˻𣬲һ
ѰǰУǸؼڵ׼ѹԱһεɢһա
κʥ˶ԲԽ׳һƬȴѰƽأв
һεѰһǧٿ׵࣬ûֻҪѰ󣬸ĿɲϢͷ׷ɢ
ۼѰҪִԶսУԶսĿֲУ͵سһͷѩ׵ƿն˫צѰͷ
˲ƣ
ңϢֲޱߡ
ѰûüӦΪֵͷֲҲһλ׼ۣ
ƿصĴӵеƣһ;ǿܹġ
Ѱδա
Ϊؼʱ̣ǺɻӳǲƵһ쵶ա
䣡
һɲײѩ׵Ŀ죬ȥĸ죬ֱɳȥС
һǧٿѰתײвĿֲನ׻⡣
ֱʱѰŲղž˶ֲµһĻûֱð⡣
룬ǰ塣
ԣ
أһͷڵľԳ͵һһѳѰǰȭҳ
ֲ׼۾ƣһ˲ɽХ㣬ɫԳһȭбŷ
׹һֻƣ֪ʱѵѰǰبǵһǽڡ
ͬʱڴ̽һŻϢ֦ѺݺݳںɫԳһȭϡ
䣡
ײУɫԳƺߣֻ˷һĨ׹⣬ٶȻȭ
һɲ׹Ǻꡢ׹Ǵһ
䣡
׹ǺӿգſһƬҝĹ⣬׹Ǵǲβ˦ɫԳϯȥ
ڴϣͺͺ֦裬ϢתҲ֮һգֶ¡
ɲǼ䣬ɫԳƱŵʶΣգһֽУӰڰٿȻʧ
һ˻صԭأһ粻ŭ˻𣺡Զ٣ɣ

ֻǣǽڴֲֱˣƸɫԳ
±ƽһȺĬıڣʼһԲಽظѰ
ֻǣһĻÿһ׼ǿߣ޷ƽ



1459 
һ׼۽޷ƽ
Щֲչֳս֮ǿȫѷɫκһλ׼ۣҪǿ
ѩ׵񣬿һλݲӣϹʱ֤һֳ
ȴһͷ׹ɻһɡ
ǺɫԳͷսҲ׺֤׼ʱ¾֪ǿС
òսˣ
Щ»ҰһֱݷԨ֮£ѹƣΪΡڽճˣ
˵
һյƵ
вĿ⿴Ѱе޾̵ϣ¶֮ɫ
ʱҲӦĿ⿴ȥ
䣡
ֻǣʶ۹ȥͱһεǵĲ̽
ԭܼ򵥣Щ׼۵ʶĿⶼɱˣѰϣسܲסǵȿֲѹȣж
ʶǧٿ׵ڵһʱоⲢʶһֱʹô
޾̵ǵϣֳ޾̵ƵѰͷ··ˣ
ˣЩ׼ɫһ䣬Ŀѡ
Ϊʵ̫ѰδʲôףڲԶսϡ
ɱ
Ѱ͵شȣ׾ɱȥ
ѰѰƣ׾һͷܽɱ࿴һۡ
ɴʱɫȴȻһ䡣
ΪѰͷֲҲ
ߣ
׾ɫ䣬һǽնѰ
飡
Ƽеİ׹Ǿ˳֣ĶϽժ£򵥵һ
һѹȵݱƥĽֱӽǽնϣ촷ۡ
ңƲɨԶ׾أ
׾ɫ΢䣬ָ͵һŽһĨ⣬ȴһġ
ǿ
׾𵴣һѪⶼûУֻʣ²Ǻļһȴӵ˾Ľֱ˼
ɱ
ѰͲܲˣս֡
һʱ䣬ŭı𣬾Сͭϵȵ׼ǿߣԥ֡
Σ
Ѱδܳһʱ䣬һڿֲˣһɢϢһӳоѵ
һʱ䣬泹׻ҡ
ԭһɱעԪ˵Ļɾͷˡ
һκ׼۶еСɫԵúܲ˼顣
һжǷˡ
ԶԹ۵ĿֲԲüͷ
սУ׾ءɫ࣬һҪѪģ
Ԫ򶼰һü䷺һĨпٺĸоȻá
ֻǣǶû뵽صʱ̣ǿһģȴѰ
һδʥˣ
׼ۺڶࣿɱʥˡʥʥϲ
ѰˣҴһȺֲҷƣ
ûйпô˻ᣬԪһҲչѰߵĿֲһ𣬶׾ص˽й
䣡
սֲˡ
ֻǣȫ֮ǰͬԪɱ֣֮з̵ơ
׾صһ׼ۣٲʡٷŭ˿Ҳòʵ
ѰԭЩţϾ׼֮սȥǿֲĴ
ŵ˵ֻһսϢϣܽ׸Ĩ
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ǧٿ׵࣬ѿͷλãѪոɺԵı棬תεΪѰɢһй
λֲֶΣԸ׾صˣ
ҲڴʱѰʶЩֲжǿ
׹ǾնϽƲɵأȴѹһеơ
ڴͺͺ֦ҡҷϢܣһޣձ飬ɫ䡣
׹ɻ˷裬ɢҝĹǻ𣬷ٻǬ
׹Ǵߡ׹Ǻꡢ׹չֳֶҲһƾˡ
ҲѰһ˽룬еظܵ׼۵εֲ֮
һֳ޷ĸо
͸֪޷׽սеϸڣԼЩ̺¡
ԭܼ򵥣׼ȿֲڣʵʱԵòˡ
ҲףΪҰǰϵطɣֵصĻᣬ˵ȴˡ
ȷʥڴˣҲûʲô

͵أɲĺϣ׹ɻ˺ѳһѪܵ˺ۣƬѪ䡣
ʹ֮£һ˻͵һֱŲգ˳ս
䣡
ͬʱ׹Ǿ˶Ͻӳһλ׼ǿߵļ򣬴һɺѪ
߳ʹУܡ
˭׾Ѳռκƣбѹļ
ˣ
зȡ
ߣ
׾ҲʶѵȻ޴棬ٴȥԽԽ⡣
Щֲû׷죬ֻػѰ࣬Ĭÿ£ȫû
ԪҲû׷죬֮ǰɱУǶѸأֵܹѺܲס
ΨѰЩźѿ߸ֲȫԿԸ׾ش
棬һʱžΨķؼХ
׾غӪǿߣк˵ǿߣԼǲսıȿֲ飬䶼ѳˣȴδ׷Զš
ɫ˴˴̸Զܲġ
ͬʱԪҲץʱˡ
û뵽ʵû뵽ξСӸˡ
̩ЦԡѪ˺ۣȴ˲
Ԫۺ¹ѧԺԺҲЦипѣǰǿɶû뵽ѰǴһϲ
Ǿ֮
ҲǺٻˡѰЦ
ԪƳһѰߵͷֲԨ
ѰһʱӦڰ׹ǰľһһ֪
֪ѰǱѪʥˣ׹ԨʱԪüԷһĨɱ
֪ƾ޾̵ƵѰøõͷֲıʱԪǶеһ˼
ҲʶѰе޾̵ƣһޱȵı
ڽ̸УҲѰҲףΪԪǻᱻΧˣвһꡣ
ǰҲйƵľΪԵΪޣΧ
ֻǣȴԪ׼ϣѰоЩʵ
ʶֹԼ׼ܻۡᱻΧģ
ãѺЩԹ۵ļһЭ飬Ҫһ֣
أ¹ѧԺԺüˣԶ
ͼԶЩԭһֱԹ۵Ŀֲ飬ȴ½߳߿
ѩ׵񣬺ɫԳͨƮһϢֲ
׾ءнһظӣüЦ⣬Ȼ˵Щֲ飬һ֣
Ԫ𣬽˭ˣҲɣ
׾ᣬһУڳλѣҲڣ
¡¡쳹ؼ䡣
ѰߵĿֲɾĬƶһлȻġ
Ԫɫһ
Щһģ


1460 ƽ֮
ѰۿһС
ΪԪϢϹһֶعĹϵΪʸ֮ġ
ӪˡԼܾɣֵеЩֲ飬޷ԪŽǹϹ
ǣ˸ղһޱȵ׼֮ս
˿̣ѰĵԪ˻һͬģҲԭһֱԶԹ۵Щֲľ衣
ǿѰͷ֮Ԫ˵ѿǰǡ
һԪѡ˿̽ǵӪˣԼܾڴ˵Щֲ飬κһԲܺԪǿ⡣
һ˭޷ӵв
ˣһ̣ЩһֱϹ۵Ŀֲ飬Ҳ޷ͣѡ׾ص˺ҪһԸԪǡ
ǰһĻԭ
ѰˣԪҲˣжһʶƱ֮ղţϾˡ
ѹ֣
һһֲ߳һһв֣Ѱüһö߬ġ
ԪԸһᣬֻҪ˳ҵȶȻΪǡ
׾سڣ쳹ȫ
һȺ׼ɱͬҪĴۣӮգ˭Ҳƴ
ǣԪߣѰԼ߸սɲ֮
ֻҪһ˳ɣ˲ҵȲ
ڣò翡꣬Ρ
Ϊ֮󣬾ָ㽭ɽָʹ
ԪڣѰЦ
ˣСڵأ
׾ɫһȳ
Ҳҳһս
Ѱ̤ǰʱ߸ֲҲһˡ
һĻ׾Ƥһɫ
һ׼ۣ
һСϸǰQ类һˣڡ
ȴֻܱš
ٻֻСĵĲȣ
׾ر
Ǻǡ
ѰڽЩ϶ǲɣ֮ѹˣ㾹˵Ȼ޳ܣ
㡭
׾ɱӿ
һλ׼۶ɱشƶᱻǣ
䣡
ɱѹѰϣͱλ⣬Ѱ֮ء
׾ƵòѪ
׼ۣȴڴ˿κβһֻƲ۵ϣζֱ̫ĥˡ
ˣѰЦһıġ
ǰȻȥһλ׼۴ڣڣȻ塣
Ҳ˵λлһЩƣͲִ
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ĻѰ޷ܵġ
ͽвƽ֮
ΪƾʲôҪв˳
ߣˣƾЩ޷סҵȣȰñ죬һģȻݽĶ
أһĻӿն𣬳ڳУ꾧ӨƮĹ껯Ϣˡ
׾ص޲һȻΪɵһ¶ϲɫ
֣ɱԪ͸аˣ
ʱԪҲһУɫأȻһֶμֲ
һǧ𽣻һһֹ֣Ϲʱѳֻһ۾ս£ɣֵǵ֮һ
Ѱ̩Ĵ
ѰУȴЦһԲѵûҲҳЦǲݽ棬˭
һ׼۽Դ㵣㲻Ŷ䡣
۹Žݹ£׼۶ڮǧ𽣻ڣʲôһδʥˣںǧ𽣻
һʱЩž
ǧ𽣻ҡҷת϶ǶŭһɿֲĽɱ⣬졣
ͬʱһǧٿ׵มѰϿգε䱣С
飡
Ѱǰձε׼ѹ˺ѣѰ֮أȴǷƽ˾
˽Զݣǧ𽣻ƣ赲ˣһò࣬ѵһλ۾
ûѰЦ
أǧ𽣻ƽͳ˴ΣӲġ
ˣ
ؼ䣬͵һͼһͷƤëѩףԡʥеİţƿն
ڰţϣһͷһѪҶĲͯӣۣȴֲ֮ޱȡ
ԦţУĿһɨˣõѽ٣ȴ裬˷ʱ䣬οһδɵС죬ݣ
һͯӣȴڰţѵЩ׼ۣɳأ׾أǧ𽣻ûзֳĬ
Ԫɫ΢΢һ䣬ƽ

¹ѧԺԺü両
Ѫ棡һһֲ֮Ĵڣ䱾һ굮Ƭ֮صѪǰѾ֤红ͯʵһѪȣɱ˲գۣ֮
̩м¶ѰûиˣҺͻһ֣ܹѪԿڡ
˵̲ס̾ɫ粻
һţͷѪҶĲͯӣȴһͨѪȵ֣ѰЩ⡣
ϻˣʼսɣһϣǣ
ţϣͯ˫۱أᡣ
ʱսš
һ仰£ǧ𽣻׾ءеȽʮλ׼۴ڣ¶ɱ
䣡
ϣɫ䣬ʮ𵴣ƬأƳܲסһ׼۵Ŀɲɱ
ؼӿ֣׵ŷܣǳ䣬ɽӽԷ١
ǵȾ󣬾ĩֽƵġ
ˣ˳һξˡ
ԪȻһ̾ɫ˵įиӿһĴܸС
һѵȺ̫ãı̫ã
ɵͷûһȴòѡζ̫ʣ
ΪһԸѡ˳Դ˱ȫ֮
Զ׾ص˶¶ЦǴƣɲԪͷ
֪ˣαظղֵǰ㲻죿ƿڣȴһɳŪ
֣ΪҪ
̩ŭĿԲ
¹ѧԺԺ̾ۺ¶ɬ֮ɫ
Ѱԭõһʱ佫ƼĴ㣬ңƵ߸ﶼ޷ԼʱԻԥԼĵơ
˭룬Ԫȴ˵Ҫ
һɲԶһ׼¶ʤȯյ̬Ѱӿһ˵ıơ
˳
أڰţϵѪܼ򵥣Լһ˶ϣҵԲǼƽϡ
һ仰Ȼֽ
Ԫɫâӿŭࡣ
ɣ
̩ۺ¹ѧԺԺɫ䣬Ȱ
ѰǺ޵ҧгݣΣֻôߣ
âһ׼ƣɾڴʱһƬѪ⣬ٿȻԶǵذӿ
ƾˣȫ׼۶Ŀ


1461 
ǺȻǵضѪ⣬ɭˣһֹʥࡢͻ͵
ţһ궯ҲѪüͷһ壬ͷ­
ǧ𽣻ҡҷתݣƺܼɵ
׾һļ£Ϣֲ̫ˣ
һ
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̩һɫأü価޷ȥ
ΨѰ۾Щ⣬Щ𾪡
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һֻѪɫɶ꣬ѪɫУѶ
СѪɣʥ࣬ĴʱϢݡ٣Ŀĵĺڶ
СϢȴѹǬ
Ѱɫ㱡
꣬һνɣֵأֻѪɫɶꡣ
ѰɲˣΪҪһѩϿգѪɫɶֻײһ֮
ôˣ㣬ս֣ҵȱ˶ϣ
ţϣͯģѪ俪ڣѪɫɶ¶һɵ⡣
׾ǽĬ
ѪɫɶϢ̫ˣЩ׼۶оһѹֺͲڡ
ҴֻΪһ顣
ѪɫɶѣӰ貣һɶصɣԵݡ
飿
˽Բһ
Ѫ棬׾ǣɫһҰУѪɫɶѳѰǰ
òҪСɣ
Ѫÿ¡
кβɣ
ѪɫɶȻ
һ仰ȫһ׾ǳɫ䣬û뵽Ѫɫɶֺ󣬾վѰǱߣ
һвѪĿֲڣڣþƽһ
Ԫǣһǿ׼ۣʶ㣬εȷḻ
ֻǴԴҲû뵽ϢǶĲѪɫɶ꣬վѰ࣡
˵ʵ˿ѰЩµĸоȫ⧲
ҪΪУжأ
ԶѪ䣬Ʊŭ
һҲ޷
ѪɫɶԵúƽʼնһʡƽϡ
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Ѱһˬ콫˹ó
һɣֵʱѪɫɶһѡվԼһûɲš
Ѫɫɶһۣûж˵ʲô
ˣ
ͼ鹭Ȼһ𵴾죬ǰ׹͵Ĺ֮ƺڼѪ
Уּˡ
ѪɫɶУһ˿˸С
񶯣ӿնٿȻһ¹ʤѩ̬ɵӣһͷѪƮҷ䡣
˿̵һѪɫ̤߿գɢһơ
ˣ
鹭޳УɢϢֲˣգں顣
Ѱ𾪣鹭УɴӲӳȿֲϢ
ҰУԶԶ˿̣
˭սܹ
ѪɫɶѪ국Ȼ
һ仰ʮ׼ۻѪڣɫ䡣
ᰣֹûУ
͵أѪӰţɢɲɱ⣬ͷһѪɫҶʳŨѪ⡣
ҿҪԣ
ǧĿڣҿϻѲض˵ְɡ
ˣ
͵أᰵİ鹭һ֮
ѰǰһʹͿ
ֻһĺԼһŭС
ҰָʱͿԶǧһƬ걻̴飬Ҫ㣡
׾صһ׼ۣһɫоǼɵ֮ɫ
Ȼһѣǧͱˣ
Եü˼顣
ߵԪˣ¶ݡ
Ƕ˸ղһĻһɱ쵽
ǧȫ⣬ɱˣ
֣Ųҵһɱ㣡
߿ϣӷᰵȻڣֳ鹭ǵأƥ
Ҫ֪һȺ׼ۣȴƸ壬ǵȾɣѰһȡ
ˣѪ桢׾ص˳ȷҪѰˣ
Ƕе֡
սʤЩˣ
Ͼ˷ᰣѰߵ߸ֲԼԪˣЩɶǳصġ
ɶ񣡡
ҧƲѡ
ԭûôֻһߣǾܻɱԪ
ƫƫأűϲݽѰһһж˱仯
Ԫ
ȻᰶվҪΪУ
ƷչڣȫƿأޱȵϾ⣬þܲޣ
Ѱѱף
Ϊ֣ŻԪҲҪᰲŻ֣
ֹǾУ׾ص׼ۣɫѿѰҾƵļһ޵˹
ƵǣѰֻһδʥˣǶöƳһۡ
ɾһһȴЩ׼۶ܱܱѪĳ嶯ˡ

⽣ţһѹʱ̣͵أǻֺϵĵУһ
쳹ÿͷʥׯࡣ
ͬʱǽյĹţ쿪޾ĵӴм
Ƭأһ͵ϢӯһƵؼص
⡭
۵ң˿̣˶һһ컯ڵ˽ҿɴʱ

ǧŰپʮŵ̨ϣֳһ磬
ಣ
ͼԪûüӦͱһ֣ٿȻʧԭء
ۼĻ˶˴
̤ڰţϵѪ汩ȣһѡУٵ۹
һ仰˶ʱԪƾϢϢĳֹ
ҲˣԪΪУ޷
룬黹Ƿˣ
ȥֹ
һӣѪ桢׾ǵɫޱȡ
Ѱ̩Ƕһۣжһľϲȷ̫ˡ
һϵٵ۹ӳиգԭڴ˵صԪһѡУŲƶȥ
˭Ҳû뵽
ûǸ̫磬ͼʯϣһӳһ׼۵ӰǣЩ׼۽ʧ
Ѫ桢ǧ𽣻׾صˡеˡԼֲ飬һһ
һ㱦
еķᰣֻüѰһ˾ʧ
ѰӦߣ̩ۺ¹ѧԺԺҲһһߡ
ಣ
ԶݷĿֲ飬һĻ󣬶ٶŲƶһͱߣƾʧ
Ƭ̶ѣֺϵĵǰֻʣѰһˡ
ߵģһȺֲһֱĬţӵв׼۵սֵǣδѡУ
Ѱ
ԭһӿŵĶž棬ȴϢ߽ʧ
ЩӦ
죬ѰͷΡϵĴǲһĨЦ
ЩϼһǶȥˣԼûбѡУԭء
Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɣ


1462 
عţʥϢ
ϵٵ۹ɢͻ͵
ԶԶؿһĻһֻ³Ŀתƣٵ۹̨ǰѰϡ
΢ЦղŷһĻĻ飬Ҳ۵ףʮľţȥһλзɽʮ洫֮λСһһ
Աߣһֻײİ¾ŮȴԵúܲͷЩһﶼѽȥˣΪ㻹چ£Ȼһʲôϵ
̾ˣȥɡ
ײŮ㲻ȥ
ȥλС졣
꿴ԶѰ
ǆ£
ײŮüͷһ壬Ӱƾһʧ
ЦЦΪȻ

̨ǰѰ̾˿
һ׼۶˷񣬿֪һε֮󣬼ܾͺͳɵйأ
ԼΪδʥȻٵ۹Ҳע
СѺ̾ϢѣֻҪԵˣеǻȥȡ
أһº͵ڶѰ̧һͼһ³֪꣬ʱվԼߡ
˼ǣͷԼĿֲһ㷴ӦûУ
ѰƤһϸһߵֻ꣬һϤĸо
СĪˣǻĹ졣
΢Цºͣûһ˿עĿϢƽ档
ԭ㡣
Ѱ͵ؾü䷺һĨɫû´ҲΪһɣ
ЦҲԣˣֻҪ뿪ˣɲԵ
˵ţڵһ̨ϣǰܹСٴʵҸˣԵԡ
ѰһʱЩ׼һҪʲôҲöˣڷܵ仰㵱˵
ЦЦڵЩѣҿأһע˭ˣҲǿ󲻵á
Ѱüģ
ʼ磺ҴӲ˵ٻٴԭҪ籾Դؿһͳһдڴˡ
ΪһͻȻٵĴսֻǰҴҲ֣ԼΪۣһɵ
ٴۣ
⣬ѰкݺһһЩ¡
ҹе߱Ѫսһ۾ʬ磬ض嫣ֲ֮ء
ŮԣҹѽʧһҲ֮֡
ٵ۹ǰŽĻѰһ˲һ󵨵Ʋ⡣
ǻҹĵ۾ʬٴ
ٴһ޾׵ţԱ΢֮У֮ĥѣճɴ֮ϧ
пĵ;̫ɣڼٵͳ֮ʱ֮֡
ҵŰһˣΪ̽Ѱٴ࣬Ϊ޷Ūٴ飬Ժ󡭡Ҳܲ³ˣ̫˲ˡ
˵⣬ѰЦҸ˵ºԸһܹԿɳʥĵ;·ɲ߰
һ˿п
ˣһֱݷڴˣ㡢ĥӦᡭ
ֱ񣬲һУԼһϣܲп
ܼį͹¶ļ尾
ǰ˵Щֻ¾Ƕţˡ
ѰƬ̣ԳһЦδʥȻ޷۾;ļɬա
ڲԺͻᶮģҺʥ㲻ҲٿڣʥѾԶ
Դ⣬ºʣһľ׵
Ѱ꣬пȷʵǰ˵ʥ֮ʥʥ޵֮Ӷףɾۣصһǰδ֮;
ͷʥǰ֮ɣϿͨ죬¿ɳأӵдҵֶ̻Ρ
ʥ̸ʥԺɵۣȻ
룬徳иڴ徳У޵ߴӷӶһԾ޵ʿѿʼ֮֮
;͵֤֮ƣ𳤴棬ӵ˳ʱֵܵסµɱӵиʱͻȥߴĴ
ʥӵϵ֤֮ĵ;ѿʼشıʹ򡣡
Ψشıʷ򣬲ȥ㲻ĵ۾֮·
ǹ֪Ĵ·Ҳ֪֪ѣ̤·Ҳ̤˲;һá
˵⣬ĬƬ̣˵ǣʲôǶԣʲôǴܸȷĴ𰸡
ˣŻô·Եպͼɬÿ˶ΪԼ̤ϵĵ;ȷģɵǰ·ʱͻףԼģһ·
ٴۣĵ;ĳֽɣѣߵĵ;ǶԵģҿĵ;һ·
⣬ѰͻȻʵȻǴģΪǰЩҪݷڴˣ̽Ѱٴࣿ
ܼ򵥣֪̹ԡ
ǰ֪𣿡
˵
룬һȥһԵġ
̸ˣȻȻˣ㣬ǷɹԼĵ;ǶǴ
ѰЦǰй
ƴھŹءֻءһĻĻֻʮڤ˼⣬һС
ʱ٣ΪдлޣΪ棬Ϊ棡
ʶ⣬Ȼе㯡
峺ƽѰ겻ЦֲøҼ޾;ԭѿˡ
ʯϳ𣬵ǰ˵أȻΪɽϵ٣о۳ʥĴ㡣
Ѱһǰָ㡣
ҿָ㲻㣬ĵ;ɲһ
ᣬ㲻Լȥٵ۹һ⡣
Ѱʱףɵ۵ĴԼţٵ۹УȴԼŵĶɽ
üֻǣҲûбѡС
ȻһЦָǾǧŰپʮŵ̨ף·ǰΪβߣ
ѰһӦԳһҶĿˡ
Сѣ˵һá
꽫Ŀ⿴޾̵ơ
ѰݹȥЦЦָһоȻŹԭƵĵӰһִհҫۡ
Լɼ貵ĵӰУһģŤŻ
ȥɣΪٴۻܽѹȣգҽλС֮Ϊָ;
Ŀ⿴򸽽ͷڡ
䣡
ǣһǧٿ׵දˣ˲侹һ뷢īĵߡ
лѡ
һ̣ӵһЩʶ죬깰˹֡
ֿѰɫһ˿мСѣ´֮ձ
˵գ̽һץһϼۻһƣ˫ֵݸѰ



1463 ʰ׶ϵĥ
ϣ׭һ׭֡
Уʲô֮¶һ˿ɫЦЦûж˵ʲô
ǡ
ת̤޾̵ܻ貹Ӱ
ǿչŵϣϵһλǹᣬٴѣгһС̤ǿչŵʲô鷳£ǿóơ
վûסѰһ䡣
壡
ңǿչŵϣ
ѰһУ
ৣ
׹ɻѣһޣͷ̷ٵľŮӣ̬ʥ࣬°
ֻǣ˿ȴ΢΢Ѱͽлλһ𣬻С¡
ৣ
һʣѤëŮУݸѰ
Ѱ˿꣬ЦرҲӦġ
Ѱһ֧޼۵ɻ𣬵л
Ůûãⲽȥ
ҲŮɻһУı̸϶ߣһΪ͵̣ȴһָģϧǵ걻ǽڴ˵أʣ̤۾Ӧѡ
̾
Ͻİ׹Ǿǰһ״󺺣̬Ծ壬Ѱһߴɫʡ
ݴһβµˣֹ羲ţһѰһƬҶӡ
׹Ǻ껯һͷŰβǣȻ˫Ծһ壬ѰһӨ貵
׹Ǵ߻һĿ꣬ϢɭȻһ壬Ѱһѩ͸
׹һʵİСߣԴһ壬ѰһӤƴСİɫ׿ǡ
ڴ˹У½Ѱͽлһһ޾̵貵ĹâУʧ
һԣʱʱΪѰһ
Ѱһ·ϸԼߵ߸ֲûһǼ֮
ϵߣһλʵĵ۾ڣ
ˣҲԸĿֲ
꣬籾ԴУΪٴۻȴҲǣѹܵƻŻ˲ˣģ
޾̵Ƶĳ֣Ϊǻ˽ѹŴٴԨеõѡ
Ƕԣ޾̵ƾһܹǹ;ϣȥ屻ƻǣһӶֻ»Ұʧؼ䣬˲ˣ޷ʶ
úñĶԺȻõϵʱ򡣡
˵ţѾ޾̵ƻѰҪǱô˵ƣһλ۵Ѫڡ
Ѱλڤ֮ϵôλѵҲһλ۾ɣ
޾̵С
˵֮ѳ׼ʶˣһεı
߰ɣȥһ
ͷ̤ʯףϡ
Ѱ
̨оǧŰپʮŵһ̤ϣѰֻһ嶼һ

ȻתΪŽ⡣
ٿǰߵĽ꣬ƽأС
ѰջĿ⣬ϡ
Խߴ̨ϣһ֮Խǿ
ʼϸ֮УȴӰ첻Ѱֺ
ܿ죬һϸ˱ӿΣ𵴳֮ʼǿ͡
ٺοʼӿСϪ˳ӣİˮļƥ

ûκѰʰ׶ϵĹУֻǽΪתϱǿ㽫ǵ𵴳⡣
ֻǣ̤һǧʯʱѰɫѱЩأʱڹУɲѹȣǧڳ
ǰߵĽ꣬һֱͷƶѰĴȻԵúʴݣʼնƽȡ
ѰһתңŸ˽ĽŲûб¡
̤ڶǧ̨ʱѰѪڣںԡھС
ʱѽת£ܻʯɢ
ѰҲ𾪡
֪ӵ峤˽پԲزһһλľߡ
ɲŽ̤ϵڶǧʯ׶ѣͲòȫУǰǧŰپʮŲ̨ס
Ŀĺ壬ֱκǿ߾
Ѱɫ֮
ǰߣ£̬УȻûֹһѰĴ㡣

ѰһǰС
ڽ̨׵ʱУòת֮ŭ
֮ŭҲ֧ʱתսʥ
ֱ̤ϵǧʯʱѰѽ㼫©ķȫʩչ˾ȫƴսҫ֮
ҲǴ˿̣Ѱڸе
ѰαʥһĽɫе˼ѡ
ڣֻǵ̨׶ѣ
ҪҪЪһЪ
ڴʱֹѰڣº͡
ˡ
Ѱҡͷ
ûǿǰС
Ѱҧһϡ
䣡䣡䣡
ɲ֮ɽХɽҶ޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܡ
ǰֻӲ
ֱ̤ϵǧٲ̨ʱѰͷ亹ֱðÿһ缡ⶼڲڡ
δͣЪ
һ·ϵĶԿѰеһɺݾ
Ҫǣ겻ֹѰɲ뱻һԶԶ˦ںߡ
֪ԼΪԶԶԷѰɲΪԺڵ;ϵĳɾͣѷɫڶԷ
ֻǣѰ֪̤ǧ̨ʱǰĽ¶һ˿ɫ
û뵽Ѱߵڡ
ֱѰһ̤ǧٲ̨ʱ궼ƺ⣬зɫ
Ǻڳ;Уܹɵ۾ﲼõġݡߵһǶ಻˼һ¡
ǾٶѰ㣬ߵڵġ
ЦЦûж˵ʲôǰУƺҪһѰ֧ŵʲôʱ
ߵǧٲ̨ʱѰ米ɽУ忡¶Ϊɫ
̤ڵǧٲʯʱѰɫŤͷ
̤ϵǧ߰ٸʯʱÿһ嶼һҡΣƿҪ֧Ųס
Ѱ̤ϵǧŰٵʯʱһֹˣҪҪЪһЪѱټȥԼˣ˵С
档
룬˵ҲؽϾܹߵڣѾһ˲õ׳٣Уһһڴ˾бֵɫ
˵ŤͷѰʱʿɶֹá
ȴѰһĬҡͷء
һһ·ֻΪǰУΪĥǣ£Ѿ㹻ˣĥȥ̲
ѰЦЦ͵һһʯס
ϢɺԵĺӴӭ˱кʼڽԽԽǿԽԽʢ
ʱЦˣɫԭˡ


1464 
ƾˣ
εһ˲ͿѰΪѴӳ˽پ볤Žپ
һƾϣ
¡
ѰתĲʺƣһɨգ˾Ϣǿʢ
Ц̾˿תǰС
ѰҲЦЦ̧š

ǧ̨ס
ǧ㡭
ǧ
һ·ǰУѰ̬ѳױˣΪŽپΪһδζԿУõ˲ϵĴ
ⷴһ׮޴ջ
Ϊսɻ侳粻ȣҡڵʯ׵һδζԿУͺñһĥʯѰһδεĥУֹȹ̣һ̵ʱ佫ɱյʹָĵز
ЩԣеĴǱĳɵۻԵԶԣֻǰһĥʵһ׮Եˡ
Ѱ
Ȼһ
ͬģٵ۹ǰȴʺĻԵ
ܿ죬Ѱ͹˲ö룬̤ǧٵ̨ʱٶȸܵ˳ļ
ңҲ֮ǰĶԿУ±ģҪ
һΣѰûһζ֣ȻתΪʱ±Ƚ
һ·ϣһֱ
ѰҲûж˵ʲôȫͶ뵽ԽԽֲĶԿС
ԽߴԽֲתΪҲѰޱȡ
ͺñȣʱĶֻѰĽɫԽߴĶսԽǿ
ֱڣһֺһȺαʥɱĸо
ѹ
ûԥ̤ڰǧٲʯʱԥΪҲȫת
ֻǣһյʱ䣬Ѱٶȸе˳
̨׹ǧŰپʮԽϣԽǿ䵱̤ϵؾǧ̨ʱѰ嶼һΣ㱻˳ȥ
͵һҧȫԴ
ʱѰɫԽԽأĲҲԽԽأȼյ¯Ƶģ貵˼ز
ǧһ١
ǧ١
ǧ١
嶼ڲڣظĦŤ
̫ˣ
Ѱκһս˵־ǰδеѹ
ʵ̤ϵھǧ̨ʱѾ׼Ѱ֧Ųסʱһѡ
ֱڣ̤ϵھǧ߰ٲ̨ףѰ
ÿһ嶼ҡҡλΣвʱᵹϨ
ƫƫأÿһ漣

ٵĴϢķ䣬£ˮϪʳһǷס
ܶΣֹüζ̲ס֣գûô
Ѱڼ֣ΪʲôҪʱҪ
ȻٴۣٴۣУؽѶɵۡ
һִ־Ŀܰ쵽
ǰѰ־ϣȵٴһҲѶãй֮
֮ߣΩг֮ţмͲ֮־ɽһ˲õĴ˰
ип

Ǳ
ǰδеǱ
ӷ½֮Ѱһθܵһּ֧Ųסζ
ⲻս
ȴս尾ѣ
˺Ѱ嶼ľʶհףȫƾһһɲ־֧š
ʲôͷûˡ
졢ءˡһпտҲ
ǰУһܡ
ؿ֮أԴѱùȷ̣һȼգɢĲ
Դڲڵµӣһļ
һУѰȻ
ھǧŰٲ㡣
ھǧŰپʮ㡣
ִ˵أжһĨ𾪣Ѿܾúܾòйˡ
ʱȴѰ
ļʶǻۣƶϳ飬һΣûԤϵѰܹ֧ŵڡ
⣡
𾪣벻һʲôʱʲôԼˡ
ʶһЩƽ
ݷڤ£񼴽뿪ȴһ⡭ӣȻһ
ü䣬һ˿ɫ
ʮľţȥһ
ɽ¶ͽȴƫƫһѡ˴ӣ䴫˴ճʮ֮
˿ڤڤУĪǲʲô
οǡһˣһнпܵĴ߳һ·
һɲ궼һɳ嶯һѰԺĵ;
գסˡ
Ϊһ뿪Ժûˡ
˼ʱͨһ졣
ŤͷȥͼѰһ˵ھǧŰپʮŲ֮ϣ
ٵ۹Ĵ֮ǰ
žŹһ۶ٵľţվҪһ
ʮ֮ȥģͬһ
˿̣ѰޱǱҵصǣڽУȴھ֮ɫ
ǳԾ
棬֡
˿̵ģ翴һ漣㽵ٵ⣬ѽ⣬Եһϲ
ãŽƽ˼ԭ֮ǰҲһֱûн͸ѵá̫ѵá
ʱڵصѰδ׷ɣҲûΪȵƣ˯ȥ
ǲ֪ҧأѵŲǶľʹ壬һϥȡ
󣬻۾
ƣ԰֮ɫ˿̵ȴׯϣ˶ݡ


1465 
Ѱ峺Ӥӳֳ⣬ܶһС
ɽ͸ɴĿ⣬ɫȻ
ܿǧŰپʮŵʯĥѰڴ˹л˲ɹĺô
ҲѰ˿̵;ƿݣȴڼĴ֮£Ѫе츳ͨ
ֻǡ
ǵ츳ͨϢ޷ȥ죡
ֻ֤һ㣬Ѱѵ츳ͨѰ
Ȼԭ
Ԩ񷡭Ǹεͼһյ츳ͨǡһǻ£ǿƥ
зһ˿׷֮ɫֻǣ´ѵ츳ͨƺȫһ
ȤͬѪѵ츳ͨȴһѪǺټ
ˡ
ڽ˼ʱϥصѰϣȴһʢĲ
ԭհ׵ʶȻһƬ嫵ĳУ˻ڲݡ
ʶ˻沨
˺ܶ಻˼Ļ档
¸ļ任γݱ䣬ʷ˥
ϲɣãɽѭĻ
һ㱣һ
һָһꡣ
һ½г̡
䣡
һжȻ飬嫳ӣһڴԨûһǣ͵زһ޷ݵı𶯵
һ̣Ѱһֱܣԭӡʶеһɡӿӿ֮ء
ͨؾд֮õĽ֮һӵż츳ѱԴܡ
ʱһϤѰıԴû
ѰʶУͼһĻƾĻ档
Ǻ嫳УһĨµϢԨû
£ʱ⣬ʱ䣬ϵ۾ǿ߶̾
ʱһڴԨУһĨϢ
Ѱʶ͵һʹУѵƬʧ
䣡
ʶعڣ嶼͵زѨϡƤĤ硢ʶÿһ޲һȵĳʢ⡣
֮أһرԴѲ׵ɱ䣬õһĨ⣬ǹӰУһöĵơ
һö̫ˣƷӨ貣һصĻɬϢԼԼµĺۼڵת𲻶
ţ
Ѱиֳһ
Լѵ츳ͨ˼壬ǽŵ
ֻǣȴ޷ƽ
Ϊš̫ף̫ţҲ̫˼
ʱһ˲
츳ͨšܡ
ΨִʥƿؿռأӵпռŲƵֶΡ
ǵ۾ʱ䷨ǰֿ
۵۾ϣһˣעᱻµʴĨ
۾㲻࣬һвʱ䣡
ͨܽһ˲ʱţֲ̫ˣֲѰš
ֱã侲ϸӦ
һöãӨ׹ƣɬأɵѰȥӦʱȴֻһڴԨУɲ⡣
ˣ
Ѱһ㶣ԳԼ츳ȴԼӦе⡭ֱ˹ա
һѰȻ
ͨĿһ˲ʱ䣬ǣʱ䷨۾أԼ񶼻δʥԶԶ۾ڣĿܸ֪ʱ䷨ܣ
ֻ˵ͨһַţһֿȥúƿص
䱾ʰ壬µѰܹƿء
ˣѰҲһȷ̣Ļ᲻׽ͨǿ
Ȼһ˲ʱ䣬һ˲䣬Ըı̫飡
ֱӵľսУһ˲ܾʤ
ûãѰ۾
ˡ
Աߣ꿪ڡ
ѰҪֻƣ٣ľһָͷ̧
գֻ¶һЦ
һȻģѰһġ
ʱһɻ´糤Ӱ㣬ӿѰڣ̶̼֮ѣǵѰһɨգΪָ
Ѱһ֪һɲĴڣȴû뵽ֶξ˲ã
Цǲǲ⣬Ϊ֮ǰڵʯ׶ʱΪβһѣ
ѰˣΪĥ
ˬЦǵ;Լߵʱɻһѣк档
ʱվٵ۹ǰɸ߿УǰһӶµʯףҰ
ڱ󣬵۹һֱţк嫵ĹԵޱء
߰ɣһʱ䣬һᣬҲҪֳʤˡ
ת۹ȥʼգûʹѰ츳ͨ顣
Ѱûж˵ʲô˽ȥ
۹ѰԤУ˵رȻޱȣκ޵߾̾;ηľ
Ѱ㵵ǣ۹ڿյģֻһŰ빣һš
ɫ¾ɣѰ滨ľ죬ͬѰѲҶ֯ɡ
ƷѰ˼жɼ
ȴٵ۹Уһ⿴ѰĶԵôѰˡ
һѰʯʥ±ʥϢʯעͱòһĦܴӴʯпŵһЩʥ
ǰⰸ빺ţٴʱĸΪ׼ЪϢ֮أ٣ɵʱһֱЯߣҪĶֱ䣬Լȥ
һ˿п빺Ѱɵһλ۵·֮ѲѰ
Ѱݣ𺳡
ⰸ빺ţǾ춯صȴӡһλ۵Ȼɱȵġ
òҪȥӦƷѵе˵۾ûֿܵ
Ѱһݣһʲô
ϣһֲڵմ룬ģҲѰ

ⲽǰͷմ룬㿴ЩǿߣС
ʲô
ѰһæǰͷһͼմУԼɼһ嫹硣
մ룬ֻƴСѣȴһǬ
Ѱס
һһ磬һҶһᣬһɳҲһǬ
ǵ۾ֶΡ
УѰѿڶ
һ㶣ЩȻ̧ۿѰҲȾ磿
ѰҡͷһƳ
̾һŲƿĿ⣬ʵЩƽ
֮ǿ۾ŵľ磬ȴһδʥ˵ü
ֱ߸˽֪
ⲻУֻһɽӵֶΣǶԿռ䷨ļðˡ
˵ţĿ¿Ǻմ롣


1466 
еأ˾ǧŰپʮŸؾ
ÿһؾԳֳͬľ
硢סء𡢽ľ󡭡ͬĴ󣬳ÿһؾУܻɽӲľǶ
Ѱһۿȥͼ磬ٵ۹ǰһ̳¶µ̨ס
ǧŰپʮŸؾԲϵķʽԵúܶء
ٻ졯ǧŰپʮء
͵ٴ۵ı۱ٴʮأĪ⡣һء
ܿ죬ѰͿӰ
Ԫ׾صˣ˾еˡ
ҲЩܾɣֵеĿֲ飬ǧ𽣻Ѫ桢Ѫɫɶꡢͭϵȵȡ
ԪһҲС
ѰԤеĲɱûз
Щ׼۾ֲڲͬؾУֲڲͬĽһ
̩ۺ¹ѧԺԺλײؾУϣӪˡԼЩֲ顣
Ԫһȣڶؾϲ
ÿһؾԳһ٣һȡһķʽܼ򵥣١ϡ
Цʵղŵʯײֻ࣬еĽֻ׼۲ȥˡ
ѰŻȻˡ
̩ڵһǧٸؾУɫԵúѿ
ٵһ٣һɫĹ籩
Щɫ꣬ѤöһȺɫڷ衣
ɾĹ꣬ȴɱ̩ͷܣǱܣʱʱƿڴ
Ѱǧ𽣻ҡҷ˲佫赲ǰһͨɽ飡
ӰһΣߴһؾС
ǵƥ̬Ѱ
ûãѰֿһһ׼ۣһƺɫУ˵ڵأͷɢʵĲҽС
λһ׼˲ʧ
ʧܣʧȥһʸ񡣡
ڵٴ۵ؽǣķʽȥЩ׼
Ѱ㳹ˡ
⡰Уÿһ׼۽лȥǰǣһؾ
ؾͱƵǷֲؾеһ
ʵСʧܣͻᱻ̭
ʵǿԲϡ
Ѱע⵽̩ۺ¹ѧԺԺΪ֮ǰ˵Եʣʱһֱ·ؾС
Ҫᵽһעǲܵˡ
ѰҲ˽⵽Ǵ˴ǰǰԪһʶʧܣֻҲ⡣
ѰǣԪҲˣȴңңȣѴڵھǧŰٲؾС
һǿߣһͯӰѪ棬ҲٶؾĲ࣡
Ѫ󷽵ģѪɫɶꡣ
ۼٵٶȣѪɫɶҪѪʤһѪ֮Ĳࡣ
ƿѰɻԪǵһѡеˣһңңˣռơ
룬˵ԪڼСĶֿûһѰɫ
ֲʱЩϹﶼһϧΧҲҪɱƵȷ̫ˡ
Ѱп
ЦãΨеһؾˣܶһ컯
Ѱһѵ
峺ɵۣɲܰ쵽ģҪһġ޵С־ټɹδڴڱҵġ
Ϊƾսǿʢܶɾ̫Сɵ۵ļˡ
ѰЦ̫ԶҵȷѶЩ
ʥû쵽Ȼ˽ɵ۵ļѡ
ûϵԺ϶ᶮġ
ʼնûгЦѰҲӲ¶һͷʢ˵̬
Եúƽͣ´һλˣٵ۹ֱڣһֱںѰ족
Ѱ֪ν죬γһָ㣿
һ·ϣĶѰƿһţ˸ߡԶ磡
һ̣Ѱһϯʤʮĸп
ţ
ڴʱһЦҡͷףǲġ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼڵڰǧŰپʮؾУһŮƽ١
㷢ںڣüĿŮ֮ȴƥǿ֮
ЩѣԣֱƲֵһɹһһƳҡϣһϮƮҷһŮսɡ
ֻƬ̶ѣŮʮؾ̤ϵھ;ǧϵؾУ
Ѱ𾪣ԱԪѪ桢ѪɫɶŮƽٶȡ
һ˲Ͷ϶ȥֹѪɫɶꡢѪᱻԪܻᱻŮԽ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ѱࡣ
ҡͷΪĸ츳ռżƣˣǰףԺɲᷢġ
Ѱһ㶣аһ͵һͿ׼ĸҵƺΪס
ƺȷԵúܲһλ׼۵ݣֱèǳƵġ
ţа׵ۣ֮ǰ־Ϊۣ֮ԵһˣҸݷô꣬Ϊ˳ɵۡ
˵⣬̾ԭǺһѵģϧһҲע޷óԸ
ΪΣѰ档
ûнֻ̫࣬˵ĳɵڴ˵ء
Ѱ˵ͷȻֻײɣ
Цô㻹ǵõһʱ¶һĨɱ
Ѱ̹Ȼ־˭Ҳˡ
꣬һѩȴܵһֲֿɱһֻײ
ʱҿֻѪɫɶѰоյضһ١
ʵʱᰲ֣ײҲɱ㣬ֻǶݱȽϵִ
ѰȻʲôݣ
ɽˡ
ѰһʶԭһμʱѴԼϿණ
λ׵۹ͷɽг𣿡Ѱ̲סʡ
ЦֻһɽгԹһֱܲˡ
˭Ѱˡ
ǰײѾ㹻ֲֳսƺѪɫɶѪ涼Ҫ͡
ȴȻһλɽĴˣײԿ̫˼ˡ
˺һ˶սʥ
ڵ
Ѱһ˲һϢսͨΰӰ
ڷɽ֮ۻöսʥʱѰҲһЩ
ʱӰһˣƵķɽɽǰĬһʯ
Ӱ𣬺ͻȻɱĳмսھ֮ϣһս֮ӰΰǬ㣡



1467 
Сѣ֪ϵٵ
ȻʵĿ⿴Ѱ
֪
ѰͷŮ˵̫֮󣬹Żֽѡ
һʥġն֮١ʱʥͻƣ̤۾޷ʵ֡
ڶŻġ֮ùŻͬһסǿȥ̽Ѱ·;
ǡϵ١ʱ塢ꡢֵ;㲻ͬʱޣ򣬾ͻڳʥǰٶ
뵽⣬ѰһѿڶһľɵۣҲҪһն֮١
ЦҪ֪ĺܶ࣬˭ȡһδ˭ڳɵʱͽն֮١
˶٣Ҳ֪٣ǻ籾Դأն֮ټ㽵٣Ҳлϣ
ԭˡ
ѰˣֲЩ׼½ݷô꣬ΪĲֹǵȴ٣Ҫǣȡһڴơն֮١һٳɵۣ
ҲʱѰųʶɵۺεȼѡ
Ϊ˵һݷ̡
Ϊ˳ɵۣҪֱն֮ٵв
ÿһԵǰѣǰգ
ʵһ㲻ףһδ֮󣬵Ӵ˵뿪飬ҲҪһ١
ɫƽǾŻ֮ϵġ֮
Ѱ𵴡
һδ̫֮ųֵֽ֮٣
Եúܲ˼顣
ϸһ룬ʵȴˡ
Ϊƽϵ١
Щ׼ۣΪ˳ɵۣȻն֮١
Ҫ뿪籾ԴصǿߣעҪ֮
Ǵÿ˽ÿ˶ӲҪٵĽȽȴϣٴȻ䣬ǰľѪõһ֣νడ
пһ˿ζ
һλԸĴۣԼǰΪıһؽǣ£мܱȣ
ĵ۾緶
Ѱ˿̣һĨ
ڴʱŤͷѰСѣ˿̿жˡ
ң
Ѱһ˵ֻ׼۾ܽٻе磿
ѱЩ׼ۻˣȥȻû¡
Цѣϵ٣Ľһ޵ߵѣȽͺñһնĵˣһˣע⡣
Ψнӭ˽ʱĽʱֲе׼ȻΪֵһ٣һȥɽ٣ɹĻͻࡣ
Ѱ꣬ɫһŹ֣ǵڼ޻ЩϹ
Цô㲻Ը⣿
ѰҲ̲סЦˣлǰָԽ򡣡
ȥɣʶ̽ڣԽʱѳ죬һͿϧˡ
Ѱٳɣչж
ˡ
ʶһٻ룬ٿȻʧԭء
ɽ٣ٴһУټϴһνǡأб䡯
峺ǻ۰Ĺૣ޴ӣһֻ²ǰ
뵽⣬ЦЦνԵԣ

ĵط
Ѱ¶Ծ֮ɫ
ʱһƬƺУƺ׳ɽ֮䣬ããһƬϷڡ
ƺУϢ˽ٵζ˿˿ƣڡ
˵أѰӦһΣա
ѪƵģѣ塢Ϊһ־µĸо
·һֹɲڤڤ֮жԼ
Ѱɫء
֪⼫ܾǽϵҪٵס
вη塣
ڹ۵ɽǰһھŽ٣Ϊһ볤Žپ
ͬʱ׽ٴ壬ɱ䣬˽Բز
ǰã̤ǧŰپʮŵʯףһĥΪ˳볤ŽپΪͷָߵ͡
Ҳ˵һĵУʥֻһһż
ʶڴʱӭϵ٣ѰԤϵС
ңΪ׼
Ȼ͵һѰ̧ͷͼ֮ϣ֪ʱѿһ³ѷ졣
Ļ˺ѣ¶һƬĹ֮ɫ
һѹֵϢĽɽϢĻѷпʼ
ţҪ͡
Ѱëľꡢһ˲䣬ͲһıΣ֮С
ѰҲɹ٣˸־졢̬Ľס
ɻûǰ졢ɲĽ
һľзӡն֮˶ɼʥɮͺڻʥ󱻻ɱʱٵһɿֲ
ҲˣŮÿһγؼ䣬㱻Եġն֮ì
ȻѰȷϵ١֮ն֮ɰĹӦŮԣǱͬһԴ
ֻԵĶһӦҲͬ
ʱѰѣѹַһֵ;תʱܵѹ֣΢΢ɬо
Ѱɫء
ϵ٣Ȼ򵥣
ͬʱٵ۹еĻ̌꣬ۿ˵۹֮⣬ɣֵصϣһѷ졣
͵ȱˡ
УȻӳһ˵Ĺ⣬һϮ죬ɫ
ţ
ͬؾУҲֹĽϢ׼ľ衣
ѵѶôӭ˳ɵǰġն֮١
״ͯӵѪɫһŭޱȡ
ˣ
ԪһޱȣڵھǧŰپʮ߸ؾУһؾѲԶ
ѵֻײ
ղʱǸԼǰһԾȥİŮвһ
ԣΪβң
ײŮ˿̣ҲһĴ㵣һؾУ
ѾȷţԼȻǵһܴӶһˣ
ڣȴ飬ֲ
ɶ񣡡
ġġ
Ϊʲô
ͬһʱ䣬ֲؾУһûб̭Щ׼ǿߣɫԱ粻ӿ𲻸ʡ
ǧ𽣻׾ءСȵȡ
˶Ѵ˻޷ʵ
п񣬵ͷȴһգȴ׼۾ǣһʱԳܡ
λĪⲢն֮ٽ١
أʡº͵쳹õÿһ׼۶
׼۶Ӧ˵֮˭ɫһɡ
ֻ
˵ĻȻм١
⣬Ƿζţһûбᵽ
һ뵽⣬вӿֳһĨϣ֮ǰľŭʿɬΡһɨա


1468 ׼
׼۶ס¶ϲɵЦݡ
ִŶµĳɵϣ˭ҲûзӦΪ̫ź͹עŻľ䡣
Ҿ֪᲻ҡ
ײŮ续ϸһĨЦ⣬ֻ֪Ҫһ϶ġ
ն֮١
Ԫһ
ã
ѪЦ
ֻǣлһ˿ɻ󣬼Ȼն֮٣ΪؼǵȽɰϢ
ڴʱٴ𡪡
ȷһŽϵ֮ƵĴ٣һλСѣȴҪλһֵλĸ߷ڣȻǺЯ󱲵ģҽڴлλ
һ仰׼ȫ㵡
ϵ٣
һ˲䶼ԼͬһˣѰ
һӣ׼۵
ֵ
Ǽ޻ǣǵСӻ٣
һ뵽ĪһѣһЩ׼ˡ
ѰĹѪͷ׾ءǧ𽣻ϹñӶðˡ
ǺѰйڵһЩ׼ۣжܲһǶеһѣζ̫Ӧˣջ
Ԫۺ̩¹ѧԺԺɫŹ֣û뵽ʱѰһ¡
Ҫһ׼֣֮ϵ٣
ԪΪ̾治ѡ
϶ǽ⡣
ѪɫɶİӷᰵһʱͲ³࣬ɣֵصУ͸ľǽ
ɣֵУΨһһز¶ɲĴڡ
ʲôƨĸ߷ڣЯ󱲣Һ޲˴ӣҰûţ
ǧ𽣻
ߣ±ҲӦ
Ѫߡ
Ӧֻǲˣһٽٺ󣬻ֽǡòԣˣβ˳ܣ͵һ׮ԵҲǼõġ
ٶ
һӣǧ𽣻Ѫ桢׾ءеһϹɫѿ
˳ܣ
Щ׼ʲôˣ
ԵǰǵԵ±ԹĴˣ
ȷ̫ơ
֮ǰٵ۹ǰѰһ˵ĳ֣ƻΧԪһ˵жԪռơ
ҲΪѰ˷ᰣ鹭̴ǧ𽣻һƬ꣬Ⱥۡ
ƾǷŭȴûκѰΪֹзڣѰ߻߸ֲﱣֻ϶ܡ
ڣСӾȻƵͷϣҪ֮ϵ٣衭
Ҳ̫׼۷˰ɣ
ʲôʱһϣҽӶơˣ
Уְ׼۵ʲô
Խ룬ЩϹоԽգӬƵܡ
ܲ˵ǣƫƫأǻòؽܡ
ٺõƢٺõĺټ͵ԣõǴ˿Ҳһץĳ嶯
ԪǣһЦúܿġ
˵ԴѰֺǾʱת㣬֣һ·ߵڣܲģ
׼Ҳǻˣƶϲõģ
ԽΪߣǿ󣬾ԽԼϲΪ㹻ǿʶ˼ɣ
ΪЩ߸ϵĴﶼ衢ΪûвԸǲŽдش
ʱѰѹ˲ö룬ڽţɫǰδеغ;衣
ϣѷУɬɲĽֲˡ
ѰʶԼ׼ԶԶ͹˽ϵٵĿ¡
˽٣ֱͲκγ;ϵǿܹģ
䣡
͵أһ˽ɽϢսìѷ۶ŻĽ
һ֣Ѱɫһ䡣
ס
ֱܵҼǿҡ
һսìճ֣ܻһе磬Բһ
ÿһؾУӿֳѵϢǧ򣬴۸ӣһӿĽѴ
һսì£ʱ޾ĽϢײһ
¡¡
ĺƵ쳹ɲĽɻϢʼͬؾС
ɶ񣡡
ŭ
ˡ
ɫ䣬˽Ļ
ģȻᱻһ϶ĶƵ
ܻ
ǧ𽣻Ѫ桢׾ءǣһӺףÿѪ
ƾٲԸͱƣʱҲκδ⣬ֻܳȥֿ
ΪǸؾڳǽɻĴ
ѰһޱȽźѹг˿Ѳǽɽѵֽ
ٵԼǰʱֻʣ²֮ǰǧ֮һܣԵ˥ޱȣѰĽҲ
ΪȽ⣬ѰҲҴ⣬תȫֵ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬һɽɻͱ飬Ʈʧ
ѰûзɣΪѷУԽԽĽӿ֣ʼˣ
ڸղţѰѻָš
ͼת뷨ڿնϣݺأɱúòʹ졣
Ȼк֮ԻˣȻΪϵٵĴ󲿷׼۸ֵˡ
οöлˡѰип
ɲ֪ؾУЩ׼Ϲѽ޵˹ƿڴһɫöʳˮ
ƣһɹˣȸ߸ϣʥ֮ȵ׼۶ԣֱǰδеܴ裡
ǱһеĽע˳䡣
ٵ۹У긧ƴЦĿһУΪοΪⶼ⿴ġ
Ҹܵˣ
͵أڵھǧŰپʮ˸ؾУںǽϵԿԪȻһбһĹ⣬ɫϲ
һɴ
Ϊ׼ۣԪУһĻ棬һ֮ͨϵ·
·財ʥߣ˵غͲɲ⣬񶼲
ͬʱ
ٵ۹Уڰ֮ϵٻҲ˲ֲڵı棬
أ仯
տȻɢһɾϢ
ʱУںͽϵٶԿһ׼ۣӦɫ䡣
Ǵ˶ߣ
˭
һɡŭӿ˵Ĳʡ
ԭǾΪѰƣеޱȱƣһֲߣصĴһÿҪѪ
üһ̾
Ѫ淢˻׷
ǧ𽣻Ϣ͵رñƥ
׾ءеһ׼ۣҲ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôˣ
ȴ£ľһ
ǡ
ģ
û˱ǸʧһܵĴж
˵ҪҵģΪλˣ
ڵھǧŰپʮŸؾУײŮҲ޷񣬻ɢϢɲ


1469 ֮ٵԴ
ײŮŭƥϾǱ֮ɫ
ֻһܴΪнæһעֿɵá
룬һǰߣ
Ҹڴݷ£𣿡
ײŮŭС
Գư׵ۣһֱȻǳɵۣڣȴµһϣˡ
ܸģ
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˵һ㣬˴δҲ֤һ㣬㲻˶ִϡ
Ȼûý̾Ϣ𣬡ף㻹񵱳ǰң뿪һΪѰһɵ
ײŮҧгݣ޵û£һɵǷҪ̿£
ܿ졣
һ˿ᶨ֮Ѿȫͬ
ײŮĬãǿסĵķŭʧ䣬ӽ쿪ʼҲɵۣ㲻ٽҰף
Ҳվٵ۹ĬƬ̣һ̾û˵ʲô

һе䣬ѰȻ
ȫͽϵٶԿ
Ѿһٱ׼ǿ߷ֵ˾󲿷ܣȴκε⡣
֮ٲͬɹϵ٣ѰΪκ洦
ֻҪ˴˽٣Խ޾;ȥꡢֵ;һ̤ʥĵ;
Ѱġ
ֻǣһٶЩֲͬؾе׼Ƕԣһףв֪Ѱٱڶһ顣
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ͬȲεĶƣǾգɵһǷеͷʺζжˡ
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ֻǽԽԭѰϣΪѰͻȻϵ٣ǲòȥԿ϶һƤ´ʧˣ
գϵʧˣоյػ⡣
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صɽ٣һ׼һֵٵٶɲ˽٣ǲŽв
ֻǣЩ׼ɿ͵ز˺Ѱľ޴϶ûʧ
ѷгĿֲֽϢ֮ǰ˰ٱǧֹ
׼۾Ϊеڣë
⡭
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ն֮٣ÿһʥǿڳɵǰֲһֽ١
Ϲʱ񣬲֪پɾ޵ǿߣֹڴˣԵڳɵۣ
׼ۣʥ֮ϣɹףȴʥ͵۾֮䣬ͬҪն֮١
ңЩ׼ûв´֮ǰĽϵһһεն֮ٵܣҲᱻһһֵ
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Сѣûˡ
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ˡ
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죬Ѱųѣֵлǰָ֮
֪ܹ˲˼ķʽɹϵ٣ȫ벻ָ㡣
ЦҲָ㣬ǸԪҲȡᣬֻ˳ˮۣȫ㣬ȫԪҲȫҡ
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ϣѿһ޴϶һն֮ìӿ֣ذĽֲޱߡ
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ڣһԪġն֮١龰Ѱȷһ¡
ɼʥɮͺڻʥѵһ٣ն֮٣
ԭλǰɡؼžʱ׼֮
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㿴ն֮ٵĿ
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Ѱ̧ۿȥʱͷƤ飬Ԫٵն֮УֳһɫΰӰ
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Уһ˳ɻϢĽɫꪣ
ֻţѰѪҺҪᣬѹһֲִ

ɼʥɮͺڻʥɽʧܵǸԪף
ǰ⡭ն֮飿
Ѱǿеľ£ʵ
ҡͷӦ˵ֻһ־һ־һǿĴڡ
ǰ϶ɻ̫ʱ֮ΪιŻᱻֽɴ٣ܼ򵥣֮پһ־ˡ
⣬Ѱ͵һ㲻Լ䡣
ϹʱڹŻеġϡϡնɽѣһ˵ֱʣ
˭
ӵкεȿֲԼ־֮٣Ż
ΪõôϹʱʼ޵ٲҼֵ;
ŻʥڳɵǰͻᱻĨ
ŻУʧȥȥ̽ѰĻᡣ
⣬Ҳ̫£


1470 ڵ۾
һ˵ѹ˹Ż£
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ѰԽоԽ䡣
Ϲʱ񣬼ֵ;еǿ߲棬޳ɵ۵ǿ֣߳ͨĵ;Ҳϡ
һУһ˵ֱʣ
˭иţ
ΣҲҪסŻھûױǴˡ
ͳ
һº͡ƽݣֻǴ˿üȴһĨĺ⣬峺ӤȼŻ档
ҵȻ
ѰૣɼʥɮͺڻʥµӡҲҪ
ңУһؽݵľзӡһɽɰĽɫ
ڣѰһԴˣ
ǰ֪˭
Ѱһ̲סʡ
ֻ֪ܹͲ˴ٵˣڵ۾ϣѿɳ𡣡
국Ȼ
ڵ۾г
Ѱһ󷭹
ȴڣԴһ£ԳΪ𡣡

ѰȻھ֮ڤӽеġǡУʦ֡չʦʱҲ˵һ仰
ʦ𷨺ţĿᣬⲻܴ
һţ㲻
ʱѰ𾪣ڸжֲΪӵƣ
ڣԱλ𡱣ѰԼһЩʲôɽ֮ǷҲһλڵ۾пɳĴڣ
ʱ򣬾ڰϵٻ룬Ȼҡڴһɿɲĵ۵ѹ
һϢѣĨɱκʥ
ѰܲΪȫϢڵ
ˣѰҲ쳣ٻľҲŰҲʼ
Ȼ󣬵ϵҲ
Ȼٵ۹·ҡΣ
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ѰܲһϵеΪ̫ͣõȴܲҲⲻ
ֻУԪһϮۣһս񣬰գںһɫӰս
ңԪԽսԽ£
ǽɫӰ򱻽ѹƣڱ˥
ò˶ãն֮پͻᱻƵ
ʱԪɨ˳ɵǰһϰɵҲָտɴ
ٴ۵䣬ǻۣӦڴ˴δУɽ״ӹŻвϧͲһ
̾µĻѾԺϣıһеġ
˵⣬Ŀ⿴ѰҴҲȥԺҲ֪ʱСǰһ仰Сѡ
Ѱһݣǰָ㡣
ƶϣٹ֮꣬עᱬ۳ʥھսϡ
ʱҪСģľ۵;̫ʱͲϾһֱҲζţھսϣһЩͬǿ֮ĵˡ
룬˵ԽǿԣԽһ£ĥʯ˲ܾܿĳɳ
ǰδУѪĴΪŻıһѤõʢץסλᣬԺ󡭡ŻעŤתû֮ƵĻᡣ
Сѣڴˣ·ԼߣԺ;ϣҺϣܹʱ򡣡
˵⣬Ѱɫ֮顣
лǰ̻塣
Ѱ񣬶ЦҲϣԺкǰһĻᡣ
ˬһЦᣬһ˵صһƿһͨǿչŵ·ڴ֮ǰϣһ¡
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Ϊٵľ֮һЩ
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׼ۺȻһͷһ֣һ㶣¶һĨŭ֮ɫ
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ѰУ͸оȻһֻСƵģС
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Եֲ̫Ѱܵ𺳲ѣʶǰĽ꣬ԶԼлҪǿ
֤Ϲţһ֣鱩ɱأΪŻһЩ飬Ҳһ׮¡
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δǹ㣬ΪҪԱ֣
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ȣѱ׵ɱһΣҪȥһ£Ƿҵ顣
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Ů˵һ仰֮أԻǬΨӵд˵ΪܳƵĵ۾
ڣʶ˽ָ֮䣬һǬǧ𽣻һһȡĹ̺ѰԺֻһͷ
꣬ѵһλĻŵĴۣ
겻ϴٻС̡ȡһ׼۾ȡ
ţ֮ƥͭϣͨѩףƥ
ҲһЩ׼飬һ澣һڵı֮صȵȡ
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ѰһĻĻУ۾ֱˣױԡ
Щɶ׼ۣ񣬾һƵı̳ɷ˵˱ѩҶӡ
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Ѱ¶һĨЦһ׼ȡѹ⻹СϷ
ҴʣЩһ뿪㻹ûл˵
Ȼʵ


1471 Żս
Ŀ⿴Ԫۺ̩¹ѧԺԺǡ
ѰҲע⵽ʱзֲе׼۾ǿߣѪ桢Ѫɫɶꡢ׾ءеʮλǿ
һն֮ٲ֪ʱѾ׻⣬ʱЩ׼ﶼڽˡ
Ȼûвǣ׼۶ѱȡ
ǰҪȥ
Ѱʡ
ǿչŵ
ԪѶɹն֮٣ò˶ã̤ĵ۾ǿչŵнƾ˵׼ܱ롮Żսˡ
Żսɵ۾ɣÿһ۾ļʱЯ׼ӡ
ӣܼŻսˣڵ۾УԺɽٳɵ۵ĻԻࡣ
⣬Ѱһ𣺡Żսˣ
΢΢һЦԺ̤ǿչŵʱͻ˽⵽ڹŻս˵Ϣ
Ѱף˾٣۶ԪǶԵۺ̩ǶԣԳƵһ׮õ顣
ֻǣЩһѰĿ⿴Ѫ桢׾ءеˣЩɻ
ԣǵˣΣվ׼ۣԺϣɵۣҴһߣҲһᣬҲǸŻһᡣ
ңǸͣвٶڹŻսˣҴһǰǸͣȻһ顣
ˣѰ˽˼ÿһٶԴ⣬ͼıδ
Щǰѹ׼ۡ
ѰʳЦ֮ҪˣΪ׼ۣԵΪŻһҲҪһ¡
˵ţһƬѩҶӵݸѰǰսлᣬŴȥһ׼۾ǿפصġǰսʱЩӡ׼׽ѣֻдΪŻЧһ·ѡ
ѰȻһɾأ˫ֽӹһöıѩҶӡ
ÿһı޲ŻΪ㣬ִؽʹǣݲѡ
Ѱ̫ۡʥսЩͬػ֮£ΪŻı
ʱ쵽ˣǵɡ
Ѱһݣ˼Ŀ⿴ٻеԪ̩ǡ
ϣԪǷѵõָ㣬ڴ˿а㣬
ڽն֮٣벻¹µָ㣬ѰǷ¹µ飬ԺѰҲҪŬУȡ̤ǿչŵ
ԪɫһĨºͣĸпĻҾͲ˵ˣΨа˸Ω裬¶УСӣأ
Ѱһů
ʱһνϽЩ伫ٺλִƵ۹ߴȨı档
ԷһֱĬĬעԼ
꣬Ԫ֮£߱Ѫ̩ŻθͱּҰ
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СӣϣԺʱǿһ𲢼սɱʹ죡
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Ժ۹飬ɹ̨Ǹϼƿؾˡ
ۺ˵⣬Ȼ¶һĨɫУҪչ˺þѣ֪۸ҿĲ㡣
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Ļش𣿡
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ǰģһϤշѣί
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ǰ
ۺߡ
ѰڨڨЩȻ˵ĸġ
ۺһ˵ͷüַһĨ˸УʵǺΪٰһ뿪ġ
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ڴʱԪڣˣ˵£ԼŰɣұ㲻Ҫˡ
ۺûʲôңŮ£ĸĹһ²𣿡
ԪɫһͣοЦ
ѰȻ
СѣĪȡ
ȻѪɫɶзᰵİ꿪ڣλѼȻϿݣҲҪ
뽫˹λСѡ
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鹭
̽һץ鹭ƾո֣һ⣬ɴ˹Ǽһһλ˲õȻ˹Ҳ˲á
˵ţ鹭Ѱ˹СȱͽһһԪͷȱ̽Ѱ֮ʱʧ٣Ψд˹ط䣬ʱ𣬴˹´ģҪ˽һ
ϧƾ˹ǽһλԪĶ֣ڹ֮أ˹鱻һλԪѹȣ˹䵽˹С
һѰʱ˽⵽鹭һЩһ
֪鹭һȱĴ
ǰһλԪ˭
Ѱ̲סʡ
룬Ժҵ鹭ʱȻס
һԹǣ̫㣬ǱҪԸѰھǣȥ
ΪβǽһԪڹŻսеδִ֮λġħڴۡ
أײŮЦϼһ壬ر֪鹭УǺǡ
üס
˵ˣңײŮƥϸ֮ɫ
ˡ
̾һӣ˺ϵ
ʱѰʵǰħڴ۾ѹ鹭λ֣
ͷЩº޹أȻħڴ֪鹭УҲ޷ǿչŵϷء
ԺǿչŵأѰʡ
ĬƬ̣Ǿͽħڴͷŵȥ衣
һ仰ѰȻʶλһԪ棬עһ֮ĵ۾ڡ
ˡ
ƲʲôȻ̧ͷ
СѣҲ뿪ˣء
󣬽ת¶һĨЦݣӶۡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ѰǰתƣҰָʱѱŲƵٵ۹֮⡣
޲ɢ֮ϯСѣ߰ɡ
۹Уʵ
ٵ۹͵ؾҲͼһѷϳ֣ɢɲĽϢʮɫ䡣
֮٣
Ϲʱ񣬽Żһ޵ǰ̽Ѱĵ;
ಣ
͵أͼٵ۹ߴһϮԣ̤գٻ룬̨ףϣϳֵѷ֮С
ɫƽݶɢһɿɲޱߵĵ۾ѹ
Щɽû٣ͱ塢ѹ촷ۣѷ֮С
Ѱ۾ͫд𾪡
۾
Ȼһλۣ
䡫
ѰʱͼϣӰǱޱȸߴ󣬼Ƭ񷡣
󣬾죬ҡȥ
һĻ㣬ӡѰĵףһλ۳Уֽٶ޷


1472 ʥʬ
䣡
ŽȥΡϵٵ۹Ҳ֮Ȼݣ̳
ѰǣһУ
һνɣֵصľһ½룬˼ΰ㣬Եǰ㲻ʵ
׹Ԩ޾̵λֲһ·档
Ѱ֪λֲǵΪٴۻǿ
ÿһԴ
ֻΪܵ˽ѹǱ˲ˣ޷ʶ
Ҳƾ޾̵ƣǻָһĨʶѰٵˡ;
ǰǸѰһ
˵Щдô
ֱִٵ۹ǰѰ׼֮սҲһƿֲĴ
зᰵѪɫɶꡢ״ͯӣͷһҶѪѪ棬ɢǧ𽣻
һУѰе𺳡ܵ
ֱ֣Ѱһһϯʤʮ顱ĸп
֮ʥ֮;УʵһҵĽ
󣬵ǾǧŰپʮŵʯףΪĥɱ䣬볤Žپ
գڵ۹֮ǰһپ츳ͨš
˵ͨľѣѰ˴ջ֮һΪһͨʵ̫Ϳֲ
漴ڽ£Ѱǰٴһ·İ빺ţҲ֪˹ٴ۵һЩ¼
ֱٻ룬Ѱ֪һĵ۱ܻǰ治˼һ硪

Ҳһ׼֣֮оյػͷĽϵ١
ԪҲ˻ᣬһһն֮٣ɵ
Ҳ˻ᣬһƵ֮٣շҡȥ̤صǿչŵ
һУԵǰ˼
Ѱʱһ룬ȴԼоӽֺһеƶϺƿ֮Уһˮɣ˳µĸо
Ӳ˸оһ˿ĽźͲ̤ʵҲӲѰйκεľźͻأ
ⱾԵúܲ˼顣
Щˣվ͸ԡİ֮У·κ飬ҲѲ⣡
һ˲õ
ĬãѰ૳ϣһ˲Ծ۷ľ
޹Ƿǵ۾ڡ
ǰ㽻飬һȥ쵽
ѰһĵһöѩҶӣСķŽֱ
öҶӣھ֮ٺӦеã
Ѱתȥ
뿪ˣɣֵصһĻû塣
Ѱԭ·СǱС
ǰʱλֲﱣѰһ·ƽ¡
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һ·ǰУѰԷ֣ɣֵеĻҝˡ
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ƣǲóˡ
ѰаһƣЦЦܲȻãԺ϶õϵĻᡣ
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Ѱһݣԥ鹭ͱ߬С
ûǣҰ˵ɣֵУֹ׼۴ڣʥˡʥʥε飡
ֻǣѰҪػƿһƬսʱȴһϤ
ɫʱһĨɫԭǣ
˼Ƭ̣ѰȻ˹ȥ

һƬҝĻĮشһ߾޴ޱȵʬڴϣԸãӴɽأѪ
Щ׼ӭն֮٣ȴһѣݷɣֵеǿȫѣ˽ٵɱ
ţЦɶһȴʥʥĺݽɫˣң
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ǰһ޴ʬһλӵʥεĿֲǰõĴٶ¡
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ʥ壬ÿһѪ⡢ÿһƤëӡʥܽȡֹԼӵвɹá
ԱߣţҲһĽʹѡ
Ѱãźò׷һ߻ʬȷ̫ѵˡ
ڶλãѪʥɳƿڣɫ԰ףԵúüȴ֮ɫ
֮ǰն֮ٽ٣Ҳûðֵ̿˼¡
ŷ֣Ϊʵ̫Եʣû⵽ǵȽɽɱ
ΨЩֲɣֵеǿ飬ɽĨɱ󲿷ʬǶû£
д˿֪ն֮ٺεȿֲ
׼۲εȽ֮£Ҳ֮ꡣ
ǰһʥʬû̫ң˻ʬ塣
ҲţѪʥ˷ܵԭ
ȻȥЩ׼۴ȴԽ˻ѼһЩĶĻԵ
磬ǰһʥʬ
һʬҪˣѪû
أţЦݣĿ⿴ԶİѪʥףƽȴ¶һĨв
ѪʥϵЦ͵̡
һʱ䣬͵ؽ
ڰѪʥԱߵĹ⸡ͰɫҲ粻־ŭ
ѣһʬȷֵģҪҲԣҲҪָһɣ
ãѪʥײһɫ˵
ţ͵һЦ¶һĨ⣬ϼһǿӪķݶϣһٸһ£
˶٣ޱǶֻ֣±˵ñ뿪ﶼѰ
Ѫʥ׵ɫѿˣҧǿһЦˣһʬ͹ˡ
˵һڣĶڵѪߺޱȡ
֮ǰǱҰǳˣֱֵС͵ϮһѣõԼ˵˴Ԫ𣬴ʱɿܻᱻţв
ʶʱΪܣϼһܴ
ţٴδЦܵ⡣
ҲҰˣ϶ԣȴžѹưѪʥףҲҶǰһԵԭڡ
УѰһĻ̲סЦʥȴһҧϷ룬ȷ̫˼ˡ
ǰѪʥ״˿̵ɫֱ˵һжѿˡ
ֻһ̣Ѱһ
ͼţһӣһƬϼһʥʬ壬׼ʱ䶸
ʥʬȻըѪУһƽɰֽϢҲ֮ɢ
ţ֮£ȻʶܣǱһЩϢմȾʱһޱȵĲҽС
ͼһ۰˲仯ҽƮ
ͻȻһĻѪʥҲһɫͷһĨЦݣһԵð
϶
ţŭһԵûܵõ˶ʧһۣǶܼʱûˡ
ͻȻֻ̼ţܲŭ
һۣʱ򡭡㻹Ҫв𣿡
ѪʥɫɭĿڡ


1473 սʥ
һѪʥ޿ֵģţŭЦһΣΪһɱһ϶
Ѫʥޱ飺Ҫܾˣԣ
䣡
ţ͵ӿһɿֲڹ⣬ˡ
ͬʱڰѪʥǿݵӰΧתһѪ⣬ܻʥϫ
ء
ѹ֣𵴣ĺ
λʥܽ˲ѣɢԵǰֲ
ţͰ桢⸡ɫ䣬Ȼѣ˱ܡ
ɱ

ͬʱţͰѪʥױ
ֻǣϵǣڰ;ȻӰһʩչռŲ֮ʧ
һ̣߾Ѱ֮ǰݷ
䣡
ţԥһ£ƴݣɲʥɽХ
Ѫʥһ˰׹Ǵһ׹⣬ݺݴͰԵ˼¡
һУԵúͻȻִɱٵ֣ǰ󲻹ɲʱѣò˼顣
ȴɱһ𹥻Ѱ
Ȼλʥ֮ǰԲѰĴڣϹ֪ʵڰйͨ
˸ղŵִͳͻȻҲϷѣ棡
䣡
ѣ޹⡣
λʥıѾõһѰ
ͼԲǧ֮ضݻ𣬿ɲʥϯ˸ĺĹ
⡭
ţͰ˽ԺȻʶԾλʥҪ˴ɱҪԸĶ֣
ֻǣǶ˭
ǿĵ𾪣ȥ
ͬʱţͰѪʥȴɫһ䣬ڱصõһˣ
Ƕš
ҼȻҿΪѰģ
ԶһЦͼ̳УӳֳѰǾεӰһϮڷ죬˳Ⱦ
һԺڝķ֮˸ðĹ
֮ǰƾ֮оյرܿһıɱ
Ѱ
ţͰ桢⸡ǽʧУţû뵽λʥҪɱĶ󣬾
ʥ֮£ϣȴλʥһ֣ȥıɱһֻϣȻ̫⡣
ţͰѪʥ׵ɫһ
֮ǰѪʥ׾иţѰϣȴһ㲻Свʥ˵ı
ʶţŻʥ˵ݣѡͰѪʥһ֣ȥԸѰһϰˡ
ԭţΪЩСɴʱţȴ֣ˣش
ʥıѾõľɱһܿһֻѰܹ쵽ģ
Ѳµǻ֣
Ѫʥţɫѿ
ûµҺȷҵΪעסʥĸӦƫƫ߯ؿЦװ֪Ϸǿʥַʽֺܶˣ
Ѱڽ
ǵģһʼȷԼ¾ϢҲסʥ˵ĶĿ
ڿţͰѪʥ׼ģϷʱŻоܿЦͬʱҲѾ
Բڵһʱ䣬ƾ֮оյرܿλʥ˵־ɱ
ѰǺεļڽţͰѪʥ׵ɫѿˣޱȡ
һֻ϶ܿѾ㹻ˣڻڿͳЦܲŭ
ǣĪС黹Ϊ˴ܵõ
ѪʥɭȻɱ⣬һĨУνԶѰ
Ѱûӣ·𿴴˰Ѫʥ׵˼ȻϻҲ뵣ģβᶯһ㲻ƿӣҲκ˵İ
Ѫʥһš
ţЩɲѰѰϣһλʥᱻŵεѡ
ɴʱѰȴԵޱȵֵԲװģ
һʱ䣬ţһ־岻ĸоɫ粻ŬԶˣͼ̬ѰٵһЩαװ
ʧǣѰ̬ûһ˿αװĺۼ
ѪʥͬҲһ㶣ƳһԱ޶ԵţҲž
Եúܷ˼
ţͰ桢⸡˶ԣ㲻Լ۾
λʥ
ȻԶˣȴһֻ϶Ĵǣ
ţǾԲϾ˷񲻿飡
㾿ʲô
һѪʥ͵ҧɢֲضɫ䡣
ȻǺǴһܡ
Ѱ΢΢һЦ¶һѩ׵ݣȻܰǡ
ţŭЦСֱ̫ſ
ְɡ
Ѫʥһһ٣ɱ硣
ã
ţԥͷӦǰľٳȥֻԵøѿˡ
ȴʱѰһЦڷƮһбһĨ˵âˣ
䣡
δ£ţ𺧵Ŀ£Ѱһ
ɱλʥ
һĻɴӲڣǰˣţǶŴͣԺʧհס
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
룬սѾ
䡫
ضס
˿̵ѰӲӷ⣬ӿ財ʥľ⣬ܻɴԨת
ꡢҲһ˲ﵽ۷״̬һ¯ȼա
֮ŭսʥ㼫©תطҲǱȫʩչ
˵塢ֵ;ΪŽپڶɹΪպĽϵ֮һ̵Ѱޱȫˣ
̬λʥ˵УĪƵģǺ޵ݶҧ顣
ɣǺȻ
¡
һʱ䣬˵췭ظǧ֮أĩջս
ǿֲϢţ졢桢⸡ʶԶԶܿɫ
飡飡飡
սУѰ磬ɼˣλʥŭ£ɱŴˡɡ
˾ɳƵģԵúм֮
ţǽ԰һɫ両ֳһĨɣģѰվδʥĿܿ羳ʥԾ
һλ
µսѱѰһΪȫǲɶ˻𣬿Ц֮
ΣΪԼ˭ȥʥϣ
ţЦ
ҿ
ҧɫ塣
Ψй⸡ɫĿϲ֮ɫһĨ¡Ȼصȡ
Ѱȷڽڽڰˡ
ǡ
ûбɱ
λʥȴûܵһʱһֻϣⱾԵ̫̫ţ
⸡Դ벻ݹ۹Ž񣬷£һǿܹѰ㣬ԳΪȥʥ˶Կģ
ͬλʥ
ţͰ滹ڿϲڴѰĨɱһʱ⸡вӿһĨıͬΪǿߣǺѰһȣκ޵ݣ


1474 һ˲ɱʥ
飡
սУţӶȭͷبĴɽɱ£Ѱٴˣ˺ݺݵɳȥ
ͬʱѪʥ׵İ׹Ǵӳô˻ɱѰȴѰԷ֮֮յرܿ

Ѫʥɫ
λʥ˵һֻɱһδʥѾܶˣ˲ܡ
ѿǣѰֻϿƺм֮뽫ɱȴһʱ̶첻
Ե̫˼顣
ʲôʱδʥϣʸʥԿˣ
ȻˣɲΣվʥˣʱһָͷѰĽɫ
ɽգһƺˡ
ţͰѪʥ׶Ѱܹ֮ڣһһʥ
ҪǣѰĵʵ̫ۺˣ
ꡢֵ;Ϊѡһ֣Թڸͬǿߣӵ޵еƣ
ֱλʥ㲻ţĹ
¡
սһֱڱԶԶȥ٣ת٣к֮
ѰȼգеΪȫݵϼת
ƵƵգǣʼ˲
ңƣս£
ǰȷɱڶʥǱϾǽɱĵ
ڣȫƾĵкʵںλʥԾ
λʥѾأѾԵ㹻⡣
ϾУû˭ܹѰ㣬Գȥ羳ʥԿ
Ѱԣܹ쵽һͬܡ
ڷ½Ѱйиһ·Ķֻ֣á̫ݡ
ţ졢һҲѰС
ɣֵغĶֹǿͿ£ÿһ׼ΪĿֲڡ
һõѰҲûл̽ԼΪǿһֵز
ڴʱţѪʥλʥĽУѰ֪Լսﵽεˮ׼
˵һ֮ðȻϧλʥӲ޷ΪѰǵսĥʯˡ
С飬
ţըףһɤӣԺ鳤һЩڡ
Ѱȹ̣ʯҡ
䣡
ͼţ糹ױŭʩչɱУһͷںڣǧɸߣһɫɽĺɫţ֮˸ſɲʥ
Ҫƴ
ţ캧ȻԭԼܣΪȫѹеѰڽӣ룬һĻ
һʱͲԾ巢
洽ǵЦҲ̣ҲţʶԾ

Уǧｭɽֽ㣬ţӴޱƵӲѹȵݡ顣
ѰҲһ󷢽ɫأƵƵ֮߶ӰһĨһ㣬ڿֲд
ˣҲܵڵѹǿֲʥ̫ӿеһҶֶۣиΣա
ϼһ֣
ţ˻뷢ŭš
ˣγƴɱѰǺ롣
ಣ
δ£Ѫʥѳһ׹ǴٿȻ䣬ǧɳǴֳһӰڹ⣬ض谵صçĹϵĶС
ܹѪʥ׵һſһ˲ò԰װ˲١
ɣһҲƴ˰Ѫʥ׵
ļһɱԺֱһ޷ͷ󻼣ãעҪ
⸡߬ȭͷظ
֮ǰѰıֱ֣һҪѹϢУ޷ѰǳʥֻĿ¡
ڣ⸡϶λʥıŭһѰעҪ
ţͰҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ͹⸡޼

һ˲ɵ˷ֳʤʱ̡
λʥȻˣǵƴһ˵Ѱͬȼʥֻ¶ñâ
һ˲ټǬķɽ֮أһֲĻϢֳһֱϢ
һ˲ţ졢⸡硢ڴŹע
һ˲
û˲ѰڣһɬİȻ
ৣ
һùĹ⣬ؼէ֡
һ˲ֹ
ľֹƬصϢߡ޲תУһֹͣ١
һ˲ԣԵü䲻ָۣҲˡ
޵Уһ˲֮䣬ȴܶ
ʱصת˼롢޲ʱеת
Ե۾ԣҲǴʱﵽһִɡңľأӶʵ㲻Ŀġ
ɴ˿֪ʱֲ֮
ڣһ˲ʱ䡭

һ˲Ѱоյرܿţɱܿ˰Ѫʥİ׹Ǵ
Ҳһ˲鹭

Ե۾ԣʱ䶼һ
ʥԣעҲӲʱ
һ˲ţȻʱ֮һжѸı䣬Ժ壬һɱѰ
ͻأأһƥϬļʸüޣ
ǼʸɢϢֲ֮ðȻɫ䣬Ҫʱ
飡
Ǿ޴緿ݵͷ­ü֮أһһɺƵѪ
ҲڴʱѪʥƳۿһĻһӾͷƤ飬ʧУôܣ
˻Уޱȵľ֡
һ˲ʱ䱻һоƽֹԵùޱȣҲޱȡ
ҲðѪʥ׵һθܵһСϣڵľ־֮С
ʱ
±һ˲ʥȴԣԵֲ̫ˡ
䣡
УţӴƥȻըͷ­š֫Ա˺顢촷ۣ
ԶԶȥɺѪһŨѪӰ׹¡
ͬʱ֮ϣһ籯޺ƵĵҰ
Уÿʥ䣬Ϊ֮ͬ
Ѫʥ͵ؾѣһſݵϸϾɫˣ
һ˲䣬ţһλǿ֮ʥؼˣ
һΣѪʥ׸ܵһĴ־壡
Զţ졢⸡硢˶ѴסԺ񳹵׿հס
Ǳһ˲Ǹܵκ쳣Ϊʱ̫̣һ˲ѡ
ɾһ˲ȴѪȿֲһĻǵ˼ֱӾͱ壬״͡

ʥ֮ѪƮ£ɺ
츳ͨš
ҲѰһζһӡѪеͨ
ǵƣ紫˵еĽ㣬ֲѰɫ䶼һĨ𺳺ͻ֮ɫ
ʱ䣡
һ۾ޱȼɵǰѰֻ֪Щȴ᲻⡣
ˡ
ʱ֮ȷ̫£


1475 
һλʥ峹Ĩעǲܱɱģʥǿ֮
ڣһ˲䣬ţ
ðѪʥ׳𺧣ңҲף֮ǰѰΪλԵǰ򶨺ƽ
ԭӵɱʥͣ
һΣûнκʥȫǿһּ䲻˼طӲƾ֮ңţһٻɱ
ɱʥвǺ顣
ԳŽپΪȴʥ֮ǵһλʥ˻ɱֱδţδ
ڰѪʥ׵֪УǰûзȺŵ顣
ҿ϶ȥû˻Ż˷鷢
㡭ʲôط
ѪʥʧУܾޣɫд֡
شģѰԥһ
ˣ
鹭ѪĹұڰƵıһĨ޵Ĺ⣬
ѪʥпռŲƣܣȴȻ֣ǱӰν˦Ѳá
»Ȫ
䣡
ĺУѪʥװ嶼ըѪģޱȵĲҽС
ʱͱҰشԪ𣬶ڰ׹ǰѰԴƿУһغˣֵܹѾܲס
ղΪ˻ɱѰƴȴɣѰĽͨƵõðѪʥʧȥѰʱ
Ѱ֮ǰһֱ鹭ͱһԴɱȵľʱ̣ʱ˰Ѫʥһֲ
ɶ񡪡
ĲҽУѪʥǲƵ嶼ѱٳ׻ٵѪģޱҡ
ۣ
֮һѰѪʥǰ䣬Ԫ񳹵׽顣
ͬʱСӳʩչһ츳ѪʥԪȫĨҶûʣ¡
һУƻʵĻ
ţǷӦʱͿѪкٶ˱Ƶĵ
Ѫʥףɣ
ԶѰӰΣɰ׹ɵ鹭һԺڝķ֮˸ӳĵһеħ
ţǻֱð׹ߣͶ־ױ
޷λʥܣұ˸ɴɱֻ֣һδʥˡ
ֲ̫
ڣˡ
Ѱڳ𣬿ƽȴţǳ״оѹ
ӣ
ûԥʶѡӶݡ
λʥɱĻеȥѰа壿
ѰûзŹǵĴ㡣
һӡ
ǧ̫ѵĺϯأݺᣬɭɭ磬ʮ
ԶԶȥǽ磬â
ûκ⣬̶̼䣬ţ졢⸡硢˽Անɱ
ҲҲӶݡҲ󣬿ͳͳͽܼͣĽ׻ɱ
عţָǰƽѰһٸлƣǰһ󷢺ڣӰһģǲ䡣
æóһӲӵҩʼ̽
ͨǿ󵽿죬һ˲ʩչУȴ㽫񳹵׳ա
ټ鹭ͱ֪ѰǺε֮
ãһвδʲô⡣
ԻָѰһսƷһʧһƬսС
һӺ
Ѱһ¶ѨУʼĴ
һսһоƿУɶѰԣȴż䲻塣
ΪһУǿԼɱλʥˣǱϾʥˣ
ʥ֮µǿ߶ԣʥһǵԹ񣬶Ѱ羳ɱʥ顣
ҲһսѰ˽⵽Լսжǿؼ˽⵽˽ͨĿֲܡ
ѰƲ⣬õõƾͨɱһλ˵ʥӦҲⲻ

׻ָѰƮȻ뿪ǰɣֵ⡣
ԭɣֵеĻɫʧؼľޱȴԵޱȻߣ
һ·ϣѰҲ½һЩֲĺǣԶǸã඼ٶʬأԲһ˿˿ļµĽɽ
ѰʶɣֵвûдʥʥһǿߣΪɽѣͬ˷ֲɣֵеĿֲ飡
߱Ѫսٴ֮أҲ䲼֮أһĻҲ˵ʧȥӵе
Ѱ˼

߱ѪսƲɽ
ֻˣ
ԶԶأѰӰ֣һפӪشǰĵ۹ǿ߼
ƲɽˣӰӳѪŮҰʯɡСҶСߡڤ
һϤϣ޲һĨĵЦ⣬ѡ
ѰһĻвһů
ֻǣĿŲƣһʱʱһ㶡
ƬУһӰŮװӰԼüĿ续Цٻ⣬ɢһϡ
Աߣһޱȵꡣ
ȻԾѺϸ
ôҲˣѰ죬Ӱ˹ȥ
ϸҡͷ̾ϢΪԸǾѹǣİΣ
û˵꣬˾ͱԾһ߷ɳȥ
㵣ң
Ѱˣͼˮ΢΢죬¶һĨ˵Ķ˷顣
ôˣ˵ʲô
ԾѶݺݵһۣнҪ㡣
£ѰȻ
ֹӣþò
أһƹƮܻһӰõĻȹŮ
ü䣬°ͼ⣬Ө鶯ɣһ˿ƤƵǳǳЦ⡣

Ѱһ͵ϳǰȹѵŮȻǵ뿪ʱԼһҺۣԼϸһܿһȺϹ׷ɱλŮ
ԭӻǵҡ
Цģ׾һϮȹƮ裬ѩ年յԼ
˵ܶ겻ɴʱ԰ʱɸѰһ־޵ĸо
һֺܶصʿʳ˼̻ӣ磬Сӯӯһգִһ˵Ȼ
ǳЦʱ鶯촽ӨϢ
ѰЦǰƾĳҪȻ뿪λ꺣Ǻ
˵ţҰĴ£һɽۣ˽ԿҪѰ̣Ĭض׷뿪
ٴ۵Ĳ֣ѷֳǲ֪Ƿǰս׼
Ѱչؾ޵ʯУЦڣΣһƬ֮ɫ
˴Ϊ֮
Ѱһʵ
ͷ˵Ҳ빫æ
Ѱﵫ޷ֻҪĳ԰쵽ģԲƴǡ
ѰӦˬ죬΢΢һЦɫӿ˵


1476 սѫ

Ѱһʱ𣬵һνŻûãһľУһ
һµһرǣϹĴ֮һġ桱ֵ
֪漫翣źĲ;йأκʥʹܶۺĻԵ͹屦
ľ˵ϹоſһУһں칷УһڶʤšС족֮ƵĹϵͳС
ȴ֪˭С
Ǵ
Ѱһһ֬ĥɣԼĪƴСһƵɫεƸֶ
Լܹڲ뵣ɣһʥϣԵޱغͲ
ף
⣬һˮһĨʣоӵһͺðˣæͺͷйء
˵ţѰѯʣ˵ϹĴ֮һйأΨгдӵнĻᡣ
֮У˹Żӵоſ֮⣬ҲӵоſҲ˵Ϲаʮһ
ھ֮ʱЩôΪΨо֮Ǻبھ֮ľŴ֮սУܹӵнĻᡣ
Ҳ̫񣬡֮£űζѣһ̫½ǰԣŻ򳹵û䣬Ӵ˾۵;棬ɽѻһεļڹŻϿա
ڶξ֮Ϲʱǰ֣һƴսӴˣŻ򱻴飬ʤᡢĽ硣
ÿһξ֮һΣΨֳַߣӵнеĻᡣ
ڵò˶ãξ֮ͽ
⣬Ѱ졣
ǵһ֪֮ǣһԵúܲ˼顣
Ѱ̲סʣоʲôƫƫھսг֣
룬˵ӦҲʱ򣬹Ż֮ǿλоһʱҲֻڹŻǰ׳Ƴ
֪ΪιŻû֮죿
ѰüѵǺ;֮йأ
Ȼ;֮йأ֪֮ʲô
ѰһǽĻ᣿
ͷǰξ֮УԭǿĹŻ򣬱ִѹӶҰܣʧȥ˽ĻᡣҲΪβҰܣùŻһ겻һֱ˥񣬳Ϊ׵һ硣
ھ֮аסĻᣬ̺ʵУԽԽǿʢ
˵󣬰һ̾
Ѱס
ʵ޷󣬽Ϊξ֮ΪûаסĻᣬŻ˴Ӱ죡
ղʲôӰ쵽Ŵĸֱ仯ʵܼ򵥡
ʱһ˵ԵɣضߣԿɳɵۣ
ɵۣ
Ѱһ𣬳ˡ
֮󣬾ӵ˳ɵ۵ĻᣬԤξ֮УסǿߣУȻӿֳһ۾ڣ
һλ۾ӵŸ죬ХܣӰ쵽һ˥
οһȺ۾
ϵķаʮһ飬ҲζŰʮһλǿл档
ܹȻзأ˵ԺУֻҪǲѣͻӿֳʮһλ۾
ӵԽԽĵ۾ڣŻʲôͶԷ
Ҳֻûˣ
飬ӵպɵ۵Ļᣬڴӵ˳ɵ۵ʸ񣬿֪Ǻε֮졣
зһĨ㽣п
ץסᣬʵ͵̽ڽŻʧᣬ벻ϵû˥УڹŻ֮ϵɽѣڵһξ֮֮֡

һתò˶ãξ֮ͻῪһΣͬŻӿһ˵ǿȣԵõ̵ɱϾӵһЩĵ̣
æͺͽйء
˵⣬Ŀ⿴ѰӵзҪھսѼսѫˡռһǧ֡սѫˡܿһڵĵͼӶ̤Ͻ·
ʲôսѫˣѰʡ
ܼ򵥣ɱС
ɱ֣ܶȡԷϵĵˣһѫ㣬ռڷС
ʵСĶ֣߱ˡ
ΨӵսѫˣһЩ츳ޣսǿ콾һǳʥ
ҲζţѼսѫˣͱɱ콾εĶ֣ɱʥˣĿ֮ˡ
ξ֮УΪѼսѫˣŻΪ޵һǿߣһ򾡣ʧ֮أ޷ġ
Ѱ⣬Ȼ
ܹսģÿɾ޵һǿߣӵżΪǰ̡
ǱɱĨɱ˹Żϣһ޵ӡ
ȱʧһԺ쳱޵ӣŻ̸ֺ
Ҳξ֮󣬹Żû˥ܳģ
Ҳƾ˴δٵĻᣬһ۳ˡ
ĻһԱŻûʸȥ
æܹһѼһǧսѫ˵ķ
ʱ򣬰һ˵֪ºѰ죬ϣãȡվʡ
˵ҲֹӰæ۳ɹҽԻ蹫һùڽ󣬻ȡһ벻ĺô
ѰĬƬ̣Ц֣꣬λ꺣һҺۣܹЩıУŻΪģȻ￪ڣԵȫΪڻرҲա
Цƾ仰Ҷԣ㲻С
Ұ磬Ծѡϸˡ
磬СǺأڷڣ󣬾ͱ֣Ҹָ㣬ҵһЩйصϢ
ϯϣϸһƣһ߷ɿ촫ָԹڹ渽һؾУԹһ컯ʵͻͽ
˵ңԹɶǷһ顣
ֵֻǣҵڶûΪҪô
꣬ѰҲԾ˼Ƭ̣ԼôĿģֻǺҪԼæйء
Ͼܹ֮ģֹԼԾѺϸͬлС
ϯʱѰ֪ҪԼԾѡϸһ뿪طŻ
ΪУһͨŻ·ͼѰǴԽϣٴνŻ
֪ЩѰһλ̫ˣ


1477 طŻ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
ҹɫ£ѰȻһˣбɽһԾĹϣͷ˫ۣ̬ɢɽ紵Ǻͺɫ
Զƺҹɫǹ·ڣ㾲
Ӫ߽⣬ڡ
ɣֵеһҲĻԪǽѵóԸͽһ뿪ǰǿչŵ
ţѪʥλʥˣҲѱ
Ѱԣ塢ֵ;Žپز˳ƿϵ٣ɨ˳ʥǰһϰ
ϸһ룬һ߱Ѫս֮УȷҲ뿪ʱ
ֻǣѰȴЩȻ
ƺ«һڡ
ѰЩǣϴķּЩѡ
뿪ҪطŻȥ뵽֮УԺ󻹲֪ʲôʱٴηء
ã˴ǰ߱Ѫսǰý鶼Ѱ׵ԺֻҪѰּұ޶ϾĿܡ
ãѰ૳
һĨƽᶨ֮ɫ
֮·
ԽߴߣעһЩнԶ
ҹɫ£ƲɽӪеƻֵͨڿ˶ۼһơ졣
һΣֹҵ۹Ӫɿлһɨƣ̤Ӫ
ʵ̫ʹˣηص۹һҪֹӸɳĴȥֹӵĴ
ԣֹӿǵĴˣԺڵ۹˭ҺϴķּΪУ˭Ǻǹȥ

ЩѰǲһĨЦ⣬ͷоƣƮȻء
ȷ̸֮
˴ȥպԵ֮ʱ
ѰڱתԼ䡣
һ磬ҰʯɡСҶСߵһڵ۹ǿߵĿ¡
ԦһɫۣѰԾѡϸնȥ
أ
ʯжһĨ˸кȻ
˴Ҳ֪²پס
أ
Ұɫ䣬һ˿ڴ
ţѰĵ̺Ͳ飬Ժɾע
أ
ӪЩ۹ǿߣǧпࡣ
ܹѰʶעŨīزʵһʣӡ޷ȴ
ء
ѰУҲĬ
ȥŻΪ֮Ϊ۳ʥУ

Ż򣬶ʤ硣
һ׳ۻĴɽС
ˡ
һղһƬ˺Ĳ㣬͵ը
һɫƿն
ֻˣ
ϸĿԶܣź½ȫͬطϢʱüɫ裬Ц
ѰԾһЦȷˡ
һ룬˴ν½磬ԭǴʮʱ䣬Ǳ½޵ģɼƻϲϱ仯Ų⾰ѣǱٴ̤ŻС
λֻܽ͵ˡ
ȻڣһϮȹѣü䣬ӨףˮģʥƽһǵȻ
㻹Ҫ½磿
Ѱ⡣
ԣȾ֮ĻʱԻ
Цͷ
һѰλǡ
˵գԦһɫۣնȥ
λһصŮӡ
Ծ˼
Ѱ˵ͷⰢȷأӵһλ꺣ʱԷ͸Ѱһֿ͸ĸо
ʳ˼̻ӣӵһȻһ
£Ҳܳϣ˲²͸
ѰԿ϶ǣԷκε⣬˾㹻ˡ
磬ǲǸóˣ
ϸĦȭƣһڴҲ֪뿪УŻı仯һ֮ЩһУǷ̤ʥ
ߣȥơ
ѰЦ
һηعŻѰ̬ɣھ֮ǰֻ農ĥоӡ
һչж
һʱУѰԾѡϸһһЩɽ
ȥĵطԴ綫ʤһЩʤż޵ʥأԼһЩдɫʵɽˮ
żҲ벻ͬĳǳУ˽⵱ϷĸϢ
ѰΪڳŽپУҪʥѲǿ޿ܹﵽ
ɽ֮͸򣬶з档
дԣʶ㡣
۳ʥеľ־ĥ¡
ɽ󴨣֮أ֮
ɺ쳾֮أ֮
۳жԣŲͬ棬ЩѰɽˮں쳾ߣ֮쳾̬Ҳнһѵõĳ
ֱºǲŽ
Ϊ֪䣬ٽ庣
庣Ƕ󣬴ƬǺպĲ֮ɽ
Сͷ֮ڲ֮ɽĻ
֮ͬɽҲǽսһڣ
磬庣оһʱ䡣
庣֮ϣϸȻ˵
꣬Ѱ³庣ݷޣǶԣ庣ڹŻġҡ
ѰͷӦ
庣иǶ󣬶޵߶ԣһʮʮĽأԽ׳һ
ɶѰԣǶ󷴵һ㱣Աƿء
ϸºѰԾٶ̣ǰ鱦ʥڵīݡ
̤㳤Žپӵʸŵġ֤ʥˡͨһһߴУŴжҵĵкаҲ
·ϣԾѽ͵
ѰͷҪһ𣿡
ԾЦˣЩϹ﷢㣬Ǽŭģɱ䲻ɡ
ѰҲ̲סЦˡ
˵ŻУѰĹϵͳɲֹ鱦ʥһ
ǰɵЩľѲһˡ
ȻЩעܾʹ˿ģѰţԼ鱦ʥǰЩϹԻһʱɱԸԼ
ɣҴŻôУǰ庣㡣
Ծһ˼⣬˵
ѰȻûУڴ֮ǰ㣬ȵִīݣұ뿪
ҲʱһЩţоȣŻһ
Ѫħʹ߿϶ٹŻʥ֮ͣ
Ѫħ
֮һ
ѰԾѶһ֪Ѫħ򣬻磬ǹŻУŻⲻѪ
񣬾Ѫħʹ߽٣Ǻ֮
Щǲʹ߶Ҫʲô
ѰüԼһͽڹŻΪУŻпɸû˵Ӱû
ѰǼ̽Ϣܿͻ֪ѪħʹǰĿģܺ;֮йأ
ϧ֮⣬Ϣ
ִīݺĿԾѷ鱦ʥأѰƮȻ뿪
߿
ֻǣѰ뿪īûãһ䶯ޱȵϢʹʥ֮дڹŻһȻ󲨡


1478 ǧ
Ѫħʹ֮һһǧľսŻһг;ǿߣ
ϢŻ򳹵׺䶯Ϊ֮Ȼ
һ֪Ŀͽ
Ǵ˵ĵһӦ
һ˶ѣȴԣҪսһо̬Ͱڵ̫ˣԲǹŻС
ϢǴд϶м٣ǧȻ˽Ȼ̡
ҺܵģսУǹŻľֵúܲ˴УǲֹǶǰ򵥣ܻǹŻʿɼĳ
Ҳ硣
ΪѪħʹߣǧĿһ֪ļ
ȸԣȻžŵǿ
֪ϢʱѰа֮δʼѪħʹ߾ҫǳںĿģףǿŻЩ
ѰȤǣǧ㾿ˣжǿսŸа壿
ˣѰᡣ
ǧ㲻һѪħڡ֮һǿߣȻѰע⡣
Ժ֮ʱעҪȵɱģǰ˽һЩǵĵϸȻһ¡
ˣȵȴһʱ䣬һжҲá
Ѱҡҡͷ㲻Щ顣
һ·£̬ʣɺͿһ֮ͣ쳾֮
һе;۷弫֮أǰֻһؿ
ʥ
֣ȴǵԹ񣬲֪˶޵ߵ·ֹڴˡ
Ѱʥ֮·˲ͬ־۵;Ҫ̤ľʥȻҲͺ˲һ
·ߣ̸Ͼ鲼ȴͬڲͬżδ֪
δ֪ζŴֲʹգ
ѰľûܴӰ죬оѽ־ľüʯ罣ն¹Բηǰ;֮ա
һ졣
ѰһѰÿ߽ͣһоϢĲУҪһȲ裬ԹƷ
ף̬תɺ쳾ϢΨֵ֪ĺ塣
ѰֽһԼĪƴСͭϻóһصͭɽɢŲãصϢ
Ѱھ֮õġʥΪ̫ӡģǾ۳ʥľ
ǰãѰѿʼо֪ͭϻзӡġʥ̫ۡսλ̫ʱѳɵ۵Ĵھ۳ʱĵ
һЩĵ򣬵ֵ֮󣬿
Ͼ̫ۿǱΪ̫ŵһۡһ̫ʱڣ·Ƶ
սۣҲá
λ۾µһݾ۳ʥĵãùŻЩϵͳ֪Ի񵽲ϧһдۣѰжߣ
ЩѰżϾͻʹĦһݡʥеĵУ漫
ҲԼҪľ۳ʥ֮·ͼᶨ
̫ʱڣ۵;ڣ̫ۣԽ𣬳ֽɾ۽ʥ
Ľڡ̫С
սۣ辶֤ɱɾ֮ʥʥڡɱֹꡱ
ֹ꣬ζꡣ
ĦߵĳʥĵãѰҲඥ֮С
Ѱڲ֪һʥ߱¡ɵȴ֧һĵ̣
ؼǣһʥһ֮м۾ż
Ψо۳ʥӵЩ̡
ˣһݡʥУϸӡŹλ۾ڳʥʱһЩ׼
̸ϻɬȴѰвƼգȻᣬ
к֣̾ѰУһƷһʥ¼֮أۡ
ְˣһλǧܣսʮоͷֳʤѾǰǧеĵʮλˡ
أһǿߴҴҽݣһ̾һڻȻ
ʲôŲʱ䣬Ѿôˣ
š
ǧ
˵ϵľûһŹʮеģ
죬Ҳ̫˰ɣǹŻľεǿȴֵ㲻
ۣŭɡ޷š
ΨѰɫƽ
ЩϢ֮ǰҲ˵֪Щǧеľڵľ֮У̸жҫۣû콾С
ѰЩ˰ܸǧ㣬ùŻ޷ܣҲ֮С
Ǹһ˾͸ŻоаǧܲǲŻ⡣
ûãѰƮȻȥ
Ŀǰԣǧı֣ȤͶ־
ʱƣѰԹҹ޴ɽ۹ۿɽ֮ں쳾֮࣬ǱĴĦʥ֮ء
ͬʱǧĲҲԽԽӿܵԽԽעĿ⡣
һ¹ȥˣǧһж֣ңСսʮ߳ްܼǿһͿҲ
Ѱ޷ע⵽ΪߵĳǳУۺͷǧս
ŵ˵Ż޷޵߶е̧ͷ
һУٹŻȴ˿ɵ˺ܴ
һЩϹﶼʼ磬Ϊ֮ͿҪ٣һǧ㶼ǿľﶼһ֣ŻЩǿɿܻǶ֣
ˣ鱦ʥھ۵;ӵгŽپʵնҲˣ
ϢʱѰյִﶫʤݾڵǧǡ
һǣ·;Ͼ
һΣѰڲһ˿Ȥ
նĵ̺츳˵޷껡ӡԬ졢ڤһľȣҲǾеһˡ
նȴҲˣҰʮ֮ڣɴ˱ƶϣѪħǧ㣬ھ۵;ĳɾϣӦҲһĴڡ
Ҳֻһ˿Ȥǧı֣Ѱȥ˽Ŀ
ĽֵϣѰй䣬ǧǣǧʢᣬڳеǧɽٿ
һʢᣬ淢ٰ죬һ὾һд۵
ʱ꣬ٶ˳ǣҲʵˡ
ף֡
ǧɽʱѰͼɽǰͣ໪ı񿥷Ƿһͼ䲻
ɽϣԿӰС
Ѱڴ㣬ǧɽǰһŮӺȻʵ
ӣҲμǧʢģ
ǧʢ᣿
Ѱһû뵽ʱ꣬ƵһʢᣬǧɽϾٰ졣
Ů˵ӣʢɡԴ̡ľǿǣͷٰ죬ֵǹǧˣѵû˵ô
Ѱû˵ȾۻᣬĹŻУɼĻ⣿


1479 ϸ
գѰǵͷӦ
䣬ľңμһʢҲ޲ɡ
ӿ롣
ŮЦٻ⡣
ʱѰע⵽ǰ⽿ŮӵΪСˣˮĴ۾Ƥˮ𪣬Ϊۡ
ŮӺǰߴ·
ѰЦЦûж˵ʲô
ȻϢƽƣɵһȣȴԨsţ׿ȺѸһЩ޵ȫѹȥ
ҲǽŮȳԭ֮һ
ӣҽлޱԱƿڡ
·ϣлޱգŴ۾ʵأ
ѰڵֲҪԺ֮գԻʶ
ڣһ¶ݣע಻ҪĿ⡣
һֻ»˳ʢ˵ķͷ
οֻһߣһѡ
ӦҲһλɣ
лޱ
Ѱһ
ϣлޱˮ͵һֲҿ˲ԭ֮򡣡
ܹ֮ĿһǾ껡ӡԬ졢Скܶܶ࡭
лޱüһ˿Ƴ羴Ľ֮ɫξٰǧʢʦֿ֣֮Ǻ˲ʦֱԴҶĦڭ
ˣӣʶ𣿡
˵ţлޱգŴ۾
ǣ
ѰһЦϲʶǵӦúٰɡ
˵ʱ̤ǧɽ
ɽ룬ع㣬ɽ۴䣬ֳǧӵ׳ۡ
ʱǰ·ϺȻһӰŮӡ
лޱȥӭʦֵģ˭
Ů˵ţһɵؿѰ
Ů˸Ŀͣɫ˪һָʹĹ°ζ
Ȼлޱƶʱ֣ʦ㣬λҲμʢģˣҲһλ
ʦһѰϢƽȴʵɫ䲻¶һĨɡ
˴ǧʢᣬĶǵһţ֣һλһĳپߡ
ǰһλȷܵˡ
뵽⣬ʦ˵ʲôأԶĵطһӵͼһһȺ˵ӵ£ɽ
ʦˣ
죬ӭ
ڼʦֵˣȻԴ߳ľ
ʱɽǿ߶׷Ŀ⿴һǹ°ӵŵꡣ
ˣʦҲƺܼҴҷԸлޱλȥɡ
˵ţǰԭ˪ϸֳһĨõЦݣ
ѰѸٱԺ
ӣ⣬һ죬ҲʦһģϾҲǾǰ;
лޱһԵѰ
ɼˡ
Ѱһӣ۽ĻںЩ
Цǣлޱﾹֺȣ⡭ЦԷǡ
֪ھ֮УܹѰסģе껡ӡڤӡҶĦڭȵ
Ψû֡
û´Էֻ콾ûܽ롣
ѰľȷͬˣᣬǸͲЩ

лޱЩ֪˵ʲôˣֵܻӭͬΪѰȴʽԱȾЩˡ
߰ɣðοңֻǿһܿߡ
ѰЦ
лޱһǰߴ·
ǧɽϣ޽̨ͤ¥󣬰Ű빡šϹƣǰʢǿЪϢ
Ѱѡһλ£ͿʼĦʥӡİء
żעһǿݣ඼ģûʲôֵùעݡ
лޱˣȷѰ治ĴǰɿҲѰһ࣬ΪƵ衣
Ѱ̹Ȼ֮δܾ
һο˵ŮΪԼƣҲһ׮Ŀ顣
ûãһֵʲõλϡ
ԭֵնʱһĿⶼ׷׿֡
ĿĴֲ΢΢һЦλõˣĳ֮٣ʵΪȥѼһݹǧϡ
ǧ㣡
˺һ١
¹Żͷģ͵ǧһѪħľˡ
һʱڴеľﲻ֪жٸսǿĲ
֣Ī̽ǧĵƣ
̲סʡ
ֵͷѪħ򡮻Ȫħڡġħ֮ƿ츳ͨ˰ħ򡯣ӵųŽپΪ
ıһħУһǿƥħʥ
Ե°ᣬսֶҲǸͰԾ֮֮ΪУȫԸ
ңһЩǰǧս벻ѷɫλ콾ǰʮĺݽɫ
һʱһƬѻȸÿɫԴһĨغ;⣬иǱó
޿ɣǧһһһľǿĺ
λ콾ǰʮ
Ѱ룬аҲͲ͵ڤӡͥһ
Ȼǧ㾿жǿĿǰ˭Ҳ޷ȷ𸴣ΪλҲһʱʹ˶ϵǿߣûһܳŵùʮС
ҲһĨأҲζţҪԷĵϸҲҪһ㹻ǧͥǿ
žˣľأоܲζ
Ѫħ򣬱ǹŻĴ֮һУ»ⲻѪ
ڣȴһǧٹŻҪսŻһо
ⱾջԵ̫źĿˡ
һʱǧһδλʤһشŻ򳹵׻ȻЩ̧ͷˡ
λ뵣ģ֪ǹŻһЩ󶼶ڱչأΪ֮׼֪ǧ飬϶վ
˵⣬΢΢һЦҴ˴ǰʱ˵ҶĦڭʦּأ
ʱ˾һ
ҶĦڭ
һλҫ۵հľھ֮дټͷ
֣ܺݺѹһѹǧ棡
ǣ֪˴ǰŻʹУֻǧһˡ
Ȼ˵
ǧͷҲߴҵĵڶ£˴νٹŻʹߣѪħǧ㣬߸ֱ߸С
˶٣˵Ŀǰ޷֪ǴĿģԿ϶ǣԲʲô£
һʱ䣬˼졣
ѰҲ΢΢һ֪ԭ˴ǰŻʹУֻǧһ
֮٣ʱȴǿһʹţٹŻǡҪʲô
أˮھˣ

ڴʱɽشһЦƵ΢ȴ쳹ÿһ˶ϡ



1480 Ůǿ
ֻһЦŨŨĲмζȴβס
˵ҲûгεĴ㡣
ü
˽ɫһ
һĿע£ͼһ¡ѪͫһѪŮӣɽⲽ
Ӱ޳ֱһͷѪΪβһŰӳֳһ֮Уֻɫ̫°ͱ䡣
ⲽһ˵ϢҲ֮εĺϯ䡣
ɫ䣬ɬ
һĨأģ죬ϢĸŮϣһѹ
лޱ巢ΪѰƵһۼƽҪ䣬ͱѰס
лޱ͵ѹ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ѱ΢΢һЦûж˵ʲô
˭ҲҪμʢ𣿡
ڡ
ѪŮţԹ䣬ֹǰ
˫۱أ°΢΢̧𣬱̵ͫɨӳˣǱ¶һĨʧ
˵ǰǸħļһڴˣμǧʢᣬΪʢϣӦǿ֣콾Ƽ
Σ
üѷһĨ⣬ѿŮⲻơ
ѪŮһɶеĽ޷һȺ߹һľۻᣬʵʧ
ʱ궯˽ŭɫ
鷳ģ
ǱʦŮ
鷳𣿡
ѪŮޱȻᵽ˱ˮڣֻǺ뿴˭ܵסҡ
ȻҲģ
˶ʱжϡ
ԣʹߣƺ޹ôĪͶЩУ䵱Żͽ
ŭȡ
ȴǺѪŮ¶һĨŪЦݣ¹ȥˣǹŻ޵ôһ㳤ûУѾϲֵ𣿡
˻һȫԾ
ߣ
Ƥһ

ѪŮӵҽб̷̺ۣǧࡣ
ʶϢŮӣǧߵһʹŮĽɫ
ʦߵߣһŮȴ֪㴳Ӷˣ
̺۵Ȼңߵժҵͷ­Ҳԡ
ƽȴԵޱǿơ
ţһϢŮӣֻһŮ
ӮˣҲɱǣ˭˭͹ԹԹڵϣȶ⣬ϼ˱ɡ
仰ӱ̺ۿһһ˵Ȼѹֽ
ɫĿ⿴֡
˴ʢᣬַ飬Եֵɫ¡
Ҳû뵽ֻһʢᣬᷢȲۣһʱɫҲ䲻١
һŮˣ֪ߵغҲпԭҵΪԲƽϣǶԾĻ˻ࡣ
ִ˻һʱӮȲʡ
ȴ̺͵һЦŻ߻ǺǰһʵȴƫƫӲúܡ
˵⣬Цݣ磬ɨȫֻһ䣬иҶԾߣ
ͱˣ
ǿ߶ѱŭɫѿ

һվϢۻˡ
ϣ
̺ۺ޳ɣѪγһն˵ʹ򣬸ûκηϻ

һѪɫէ֣粼˺ѣһĨѪɫ磬Ƴա
۵һǿӾͱɳȥȫֵɱ˺ţݺһʯϣҽС
һкݺݳ鴤
Ѱһƣ˼
ֹֽǿ죬ͰԵŵĳҲ֮
Կ϶̺Ůڽϣͬһƾ۵Ľޡ
ɣ͵Ϯ˴С
ֳ̺ѪȻսֻûɱˣѾ㹻ʴȡ
λȻưһЩϾҲһλսɡ
һ̬ŵ궯ϳһλǸεյĺѡ
սر
Ƭ̣ͷֳʤ걻һ̴ţ屻ɣˤڵأпѪɫɷޱȣü䷺һĨȻ
޷ܣԼڱ̺һŮĽɫУ̫ˡ
˵ɫѿ֮һŵģ
ܣһشݺͷҲܵ
һŮ£ǧָжǿ
һƷŮȥĻЩ˷ΪµЦɣޱȡ
ᣬ֮ˣɶҪԹԵعˣϼˣҿǲֵġ
̺ƿڣһͷѪƮҷһѪһŮޣÿ¡
һ˿Σ̼ڳǺ죬ŭѵеһ˵ĳ衣
̫
ʦŭ
ž
䣬ϣͱһӰݺݳһ£һѪܵ˺ۡ
ͼ̺۵ȻҾ۸ˣôţ
ֲܿǹʦҲһλڣɾûܷӦͱ˳һǣ
ɶ񣡡
лޱڣö£ʦͬһţ˵ϵ̸϶ã裬лޱܲŭ
̺бһۣСãųֻѰν𣬶ҳԲѷԵԳͷ
ˣ
ɫȡ
ɱ̺ţ˵ʱѶ֡
ৣ
һѪɫӰӳһıӣлޱϳȥ
ʲôǿƣ
ˣ
һŮȴһ˶˵أȺһԲϱ㶯֣
ֻǣһӳʱѰһоˮһ߹ӳһĨ
ףˣֲøҶҳԲѷԭ߻һ֡
̺Щ⣬ȴһ˿Ū
ҲĿ
ܵס̺۵һ֤лޱʵӦ䲻ס
ֻǣǶɻΪϵѰоİ
ԼоѰЩϤȴ벻Ҳü⡣
ڴʱѰ¾Ʊлޱļ򣬵лĿΪǰҰһ
˵ʱѳ𣬽Ŀ⿴̺ۣɫȻºƿԣԵƽˮ
˳
̺ɫζԼʵţֻǣ㲻ıҴ
ѰЦЦһԡ
̺üЩ޷͸ǰӵǳоЩԾ
ʱĿҲѰ
ǹʦ㣬Ѱȴû뵽ʱվлޱͷѵ
ѣɡ
Զֿڣ˴ʢǣͷٰ죬ѵʱٲ֣Ե̫ˡ
ף𼱣ֵ㡣
̺ƣѪ𣬽ֱָѰζʮ㣬ڣһ棡
һɿɲƣȻӱ̺ɢɲ貵⣬ڣɫ䡣
һ̣˶̺۶
ɴ˿ɼУѰ֮ǰ˿ɱȣֵӡ
ڴʱȴȻЦˣһ棿㻹ʸ񡣡
䡣
ǰ̤һ
һƿԣһλͥŲ
ڱ̺УѰȴһˣ



1481 һ֮
䣡
һǾףڱ̺ĺը
ҰУǰ̤һӣһڴԨûǿգŲơѹϡ
֮ȣ̺۸оԼһֻϣֻ룬޷֪ߣ
ɲǼ䣬̺ɷףÿһ缡ԽӲһɿֲµϢ纮ӿȫ
ţ
ͬʱֵһʱ̲ԾԭѰ֧Ųס̳
ȴ֣һ̺۴Ůֲ֮ǰǿơ°̬
ͷ·һ֮䣬ܵ˿Ҫܲסѹȣ
ӡ
лޱ죬ȴû˵ڣѰΪͷҲ⡢жѣɲѰصޣŮӻˡ
ֻǣһҲԾ
һǱ̺۾ħ֣
⡭
ҲԾһɲ
飡
һھĿע£̺Ǳֱ罣壬ǹڵأͶأǣд
ǵ棬¹ݺһ£ʯľ
һ
⣬֮ǰȺֶۣǿƵŮӣڵء
һĻֱʯ쾪ȫ𺳣ɴ۾ͣһ£š
֪ŮɲѰ̤֮һλ̤۵;սǿᵽ˶еһŮޡ
ڣѰһˣ
ٿѰ̬֮ǰƽɫûһ˿·Ϊһж͸ˡ
˶̿ˮĸηʶⱻǶԵˣʵһز¶Ŀֲڣ
ɫ㱣ҲһĻ޷ƽ
뵽ԼǣͷٰһۻϣðѰһˣ
лޱסͣԲ
һμѰʱ͸оԷȴû뵽Է֮ǿ
ʦҲס
֮ǰѰʱܲΪȻܾԷμӴ˴ʢᣬҲΪֵĵѰ֮Ժûٽйע
˿̡
кȻӿһֺڵζղԼҲлޱһӣһǽӰͲԼϰɣ
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ŭӹڵصı̺ۿд˳еļž
ǰ˭
Ҳ档
֮зʵʸ𣿡
ѰȻ
һ仰ȴϬв̺ͷеޱȵķŭͳ衣
ӽٹŻɴûһ޵߷Удһָ߸ϵԽС
ڣȴһƹܼ̤
˿̣һ˵ʹ֮У֮ǰ̺۵źͰ裬Ƕһŭڣй˳
ûȤ۸ŮȥˣңҿԸһսҵĻᡣ
Ѱ˵ţջĿ⣬ڱɽȥ
סˣҽѰ
δ£ƮȻ١
ɽۣΪѰ֣׻Ȼڡ
Ѱ
ħ
Ż޵߶ԣ־һ棬һھ۵;ϵĵ񻰡
˭֪ܲ

㱣ҪȥѰʱﻹܼѰӰ
ԭħ񡭡
лޱü٣⣬ʶԭڲ֪䣬ħһ
ֱһΰ㡣
ʦˣζӳ¡
ħ񣬾ԼԺ͵ˡڵóӶˡ
ڳˣֻһӦֲÿһƹ֣ħԣǺ
ڵصı̺ۣ˿ƿԣ𵴣һظĸо
ħУ񲢲ôˣ

һ죬ħǧʢϵϢֶߣܿϯ䶯
ʱ꣬Ǹ粻񻰰ˣٶȳˣ
޵߼
ǰѰ½磬Ż޵߶ԣѰȴʧ˰㣬伣
û˵ϢҲˣĲ²ۡ
˵ħѣ̫Ĺϵͳѱ˲źۼɱ
˵ħڱչأʥ
ȻҲ˻ɣ뿪Ż򣬷Լļ硣
Σڽգħٶ
ֻһѰ޵ߣȻٹעѰȻһ
۾֮λ콾һΪ۵;һˣܾһеУ
ѩɣ⣬ʥΧȴһŭնʥ䶯䣬֪ٹϵͳ־ŭ
ڣˣ
Ӿˡ
һ죬֪жٵĹϵͳһЩϹ޷ע
ΪѰɱʥɱ˲ֹһ
ұټȡ
һЩҶĦڭ桢ȵȣ֪Ϣʱ׷׷˸п
Ҿ֪֮٣Ѱ϶ǲġ
һЩѰϵõģӡЦ졢ҹ巵ȣĻ泩Ѱǿƹеˡ
Żָˣħÿһγ֣ע
һʱЩ˽٣ǹŻˣ֮ڣħվסעҪдһУ
һΣħһƹǧŮ澣ºԣԸǧһսĻᣬҺܺ棬ǧ֪һУǷȥħа壿
ĿԴ
һ죬ڹŻͬš
֮ϢѸ٣һѰйأһͷйء
Ⱥƿ¸صϢ֪Ѱ֮󣬵һʱԻƽϢҶӣϢڲͬ򴫲
ˣѰֵϢڲһʱУΪŻͬطе޵֪

ʤ磬񾩡
ʮ¥һ¥ǰһ㣬̬̻ᣬɢһɽӰϢ
һͷŨѪɢʣ絶丫̰ǷһԱͫ׷Ĺ
һͱƵ¹򡣡
ջؿ¥Ŀ⣬һпû뵽۵;ϾµĹŻУ
Աߣ̺ɫɷףͷūܡ
ɣǧ㣬һѪħľҲҪսŻһо
һʱ䣬һеУްֵܼùŻзŻ޵߶̧ͷ
ܣǺǣߵŮ澣Ѫħ˭֪̺츳ݣʳȺ
ǧĿƳ˱̺һۣɿܻᱻУ̷
̺пɬվˣԷһ֮ס裬ֻ¶ֻˡ
ԼѰĲж
ֲҰ㡣
ǧü䷺һĨ˵Ĺ󣬡򹷻ˣҵŮ裬ڴҵ𣿡
̺һҪȥսѰ
ǧɫĮҪңҷųϢһº¥ǰǧһս
̺һ𣬵ͷӦ
ɾڴʱȻһ𣺡֣ΪҪһ£ûĻѰ𣿲Ըɺã


1482 Լս籩
һɫۣ޳ŮӴӲԶ
Ө׹࣬룬촽ƻһͷīɫ٣¶һѩ׶쾱İ͹£쳣ɢһɾĶǵջ
̺¶һĨɵ
ԸеŮӣӳѩһһһĹ
֪һǵ֮ĵ壬ֲָ֮
ӳѩһһλϵˣӵųŽپĿΪ֮ǧҲѶá
͹Ż֮ͬĽƵԲͬ磬ɱ̺Ҳ˵һƵġ
ǧüӳѩҵ»ò֡
ǺųħļһǹŻһָİӺգȶ֣Ҳһԣж͡
ӳѩЦٻ⣬⣬͸˵Ȼ
ǧǱ̵ͫһĨɫô㻹
գȻ
ιιɱˣ˴һŻڶֻ»ᱻЦ
һ𣬾ͼһ£ѽģӣ
ʲݣһͭĹͭɫ˵ɵģ̬
һѽ֣ѽԵúˡ
ǧ㣬ӳѩģıʱԶһ
ľժǣ
һԴ޹ĽޣƱݵ£ʵһɱĵġ
䱳ѽߵĽС
޹򱾾ǽ޵磬ľժܹһӱʵС
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ǴĿĺܼ򵥣һǺ͹ŻЩϹ̸һʽףڶ̽һ¹ŻһǿߵǳΪٵľ֮׼
ľժЦ˵Ȼ֪ǴﶼƲŻΪһľ۵;ѶϾ£ӿʲôֵӵĶ֡
Ҳ֪ˣǰʱ򣬾֮٣ùŻӿֳһ̤Ͼ۵ӢţҲζţǻҲͶһ֡
˵⣬ЦЦţϾĵ;̤ˣȻۼʵԶԶ޷Щ԰ǿ߿ɱȣɱϾʤްɡ
̫ˣȤ𣿡
⣬ǧ㲻ü㾿˵ʲô
ľժ̾˿û𣬸ӵɿӣӵҲӣŻ򡭡ǰһˡ
СǣΪŻȣЩ̤Ͼ۵ĹŻǿߣԵúһ¡
˵գľժһƺͷһ
ǧЦЩеĹŻʮ֮࣬ûһܳŹʮУȻңǣ
¶ŨŨĲм
ľժЦŮ澰ˣһ֮¹򡣡
һ仰ֱǧɫһԱߵı̺ɫѿ֮
⣬ҿûг˼
ľժЦúܲãҡͷԵֻ˵ŻһЩѰкܶûг֣껡衢Ԭ졢Сͥ
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ľժһΪû˵
ӳѩЦģΪҰܵģϧսǰһ涨ܽսȥ
ľժŶһɹЦ¶𣿻ҪӻھսУɲֹǶˣᶪ
ԣŻЩһ᲻Ȥ߾ߣǰУξ֮ŻԲҰܶĻ
ӳѩ˵һΣҲע⡣
ľժЦȻ⣬һ֣ȻŻٶľҲŤתܾ֡
˵⣬ľժ룬Żİֲܾתһ̫ʧҲá
ǧЦ̫ʧ𣿡
ľժǵǾҪһѰĶˡ㣬˺껡ԿɳǹŻǿеֻҪһǵǳ֪ھ֮ʱЩܸɶٵʧˡ
ǺǣԣҲҪʹһսϾһʱŻＸչءݷԹۣΨѰվˡ
ӳѩЦˣԵһ룬һŻǿеȴ̤ڽ£ζ϶ޱȣǹŻԣһޱȵĴ
Խ˵ԽһԾԾԵĸоĻھ֮ʱǻеǶ𣿡
ǧߣѰҵģ
ӳѩöϷ˿粽ã˹˭˭ġ
һĻ۵׵ľժЦģȻһºǾͽ뿪ҪԸˣǿҪץʱˣʱһսһǾΰѴ˲ڽµġ
˵գӰһΣƮȻȥѽۡ

һºǧԼսѰڰ¥֮ϣ
һ죬һϢһǾףըڹŻϿգ²Ŀ
ҪΪŮ𣿡
սħ񣬲
񾩣ǿͨ콣ڵĵ̣˭֪Ѱɱףͨ콣ڵжǧȴԼսصڰ񾩣ļֱɣ
ǰħǿĿǰ߱һ˺ͨ콣ܣĿܻӦսǰ񾩣
һʱ䣬ۡȻڹŻط
Щϵͳ
ЩҪ˻ᣬѰӶŻнһش𣿡
ܳѰվǾһָԼսаˣǶԹŻĴȷ̫أܻӰ쵽ھ֮еʿ
֪Щ˴ûаʲôģ
зڷͣµĿҲ֮˰񾩣˶ڹġ
ѰḰԼӦս
ϢʱѰ߽һƫԶСС
ϸ꣬Ϣʯֵԣ۰׵ӻУ۴αȵĹžɽС
߽˳ǣ߽һīɽˮУһֹϡġ׵ζ
ѰһϮ°ɫڱⲽУ̬ʣ;ķ⡣
Ȼ֪ڹŻΪǧԼս·ڡ
ֵ;жѼԲҲѴﵽ֮ľͷ
Ѱĸ֪һͣϸϵĽͷ
Ϊͨ񣬵ǳʥ͸ÿΪԼУ쿪Լĵ
ѰУָ̫Ԫնű䡢ؼžеȵȡ
ÿһУŶصİأĪ⡣
ѰʥӵгߣԿԼĵ

ÿһʥ֮


1483 ʯ֮

ʣӻѩ
徲ĽֵϣѰⲽ
һ𣬾ͼǰһϢһȺΧ£ǰ۷׷ס
Ѱǰһˡ
񾩡һ͵ǻѡط
Ѱҡҡͷ㲻ᡣ
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ӲҲ֤ԷӦûоԵıʤա
ĿԼսصϻ˼
ѰǣԹŻԣǧ˵Ӫ
ͨ콣ڼǧڰԼսԼǷԼǰԼӦս
ѰǺһԡ
ڡ
һԼսѣѰԣ̸ʲô¡
͡
һܼôӽֵһһͰžɵ
ѰĿⲻһƳϹһҶ
ʯ
ڣһòѰӣһϮֲֳۣһ̵ڵеһʯϡ
һƴʯϣܿͱ׭̳һĳΡ
ѰԾǰ˿ͼУŴССɫʯ
֡ˡޡľ㣬֡
ѰǣЩʯͣвûϳҲӦϴڵʳ
һеβҡҷʱ裬ϼ¶
Եȡ
У̧ͷЦЦɫºֵͣͷרע׭С
ʯм׷ɣУһ̵ת̸϶ȴˮпյζ
ѰýζҲż뿪ˡ
Ƭ̺һţͯʯ񣬴Ӳӿ̵³֣̬ͯ䣬ţţ׳ս
Ƽ򵥵󣬾Ѱһ֡ϣ·һ̣ͯͻţȥʮ㡣
Ѱ棺˼
Цŷп̵Сѡ
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Ѱù̵ѡһʯϣһͿʼ֡
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ܼ׭ʯм׷ɣܿ죬һŮͽ¶Ρ
Ů̬㣬ñ棬һ˳ì

˵ѰֻǸȤ볢һ£ɵڵʱԾأĵҲעС
֮ǰ뿪ѹȥʮˣѰʱѰҲὫһѹĵס
ڴ˿̣ȴȻȻӿͷ
Ѱ֪ˡ
Ѱһ֮ǰ㲻
ܶǰҹŮʱɫƽضԼ˵
˺йص飬Ҷˡ
һ꣬ӡתĳһУΨѰ
Ժкöһá
ԺҪȢޣȹһء
ΪҪҵ³֮ĵڶˡѡ

ֱһ뿪ʱֻ˵ĸ֣һ
Ʈ裬Ű׹ǳìһӿֳһڰ۶ɵĵ;ֱ֮ͨϡ
ûлͷû飬̤һȺڰŻڡ
꣡
أʯƬ
Ѱѹɫòһƽе
ԱߣºһЦһʯϣݸѰԡ
Ѱһ
һΣϣɫרעĬã¿ʼ׭
̵Ѱ
ʯҲѰ
ѰҪ׭̳һʯ񣬲Ѱ
һ࣬óһƵⷭţ̬ƽ꣬żῴһѰ
⣬룬ɫҰϵĽﾲ׿տ
ڣһյ͵ҡҷһֵʯԡڰ߲ƹУһ¶У̬
꣡
ûãεʯٶȹѣĵһʯм
Ѱɫʱʱ硣

һʯϵݹɫº͡
ѰУл
Ĭãſʼ֡
ֻǰΣ׭ʱٶȶ࣬ü価רע档
꣡
һʯٶȹѡ
һΣѰԼٴһʯϣٶͶ뵽׭С
ҲǴһοʼĶԽԽëһ̵ȴ֮ء
׷ףɫ谵ˡ
ֽɡȥ˰ӻƣصʱѰרע׭̣ȻңһЦ
ûдţУóֻľʾƱ÷ӾƣһѰԼһϸϸƷ
ƵһӳҰ޹ҰԽڡ
ЦЦһơ
ֱҹҹȾźʹϣƳһѰûж˵ʲô
ĳһֱš
峿ʱţҹʱȣƣæʱкĿˣԵ֡
ѰȻңһֱ׭̡
ߣѻһصʯм

磬ӿ
ħ񾿾ǷӦԼս
˹עĽ㡣
İ񾩣Ƿƻ֮أŲ֪ٹעĿ⡣
Ϊս壬̫Ѱ
һľǿƥԿʼڹŻһ·ƶ֣δһܣŻǿ߶Щ̧ͷ
һµѰһ紫Ĵڣھ۵;ٲȻĴڡ
˵һս˭ܲע
ѰˣŻޱȵĴӰʿ
֮ѰӮˣɸġ
ֻǣͨ콣ȴЩͷö֮С
ΪԼսĵص㣬ǵĵϣпܣȻ޲óô˻ᣬѰɱ
սܾ¹עôð֮踣Ϊʸ֮ġ
ϾѰӦսǴŻս
ʱͨ콣ԼϷսȴ޷ѰӦսĻǾԻᱻǧָһ
ʶͨ콣ڷ棬ƻս
Ϣһܣ׷ͨ콣塣
ͨ콣ȴһ㶼ˣ
ûǶôɱѰһйͷ֮ޣû취ڵǰ£Ҳֻˡ
ԴˣҲ߶ۣԳͨ콣ǹŻһڣе֮
˸ߵ֮£ͨ콣ڳ˶ԸѰģʼģѰǧҪڰг¡
ʺӿ϶ÿͨ콣ͷϣ
Ǵơ
´ǰͨ콣ڣҲòͷ
ΪЩˣѰٲϲҲվǡԼˡ
зһУѰȻ
ºҹ
Ⱥ󣬲ӸշƷʱжȻסĿҲŲƿѰ
ͼУһʯѽΡ
ͣ
һ£ʯһ׸ʯ·һ˲䣬һ˵ԣҪƵġ



1484 
ʯӰ㣬ñһ˳ìͷ­΢΢¶һ°͡
ѰѰʯ϶ѣɴʱȴһԣ
㱼䣬·վǰ˵ѰҶˡ
Ѱò¶һĨĵЦ⣬ૣһܶܶóԵģһ
ԱߣҲЦˡ
ʯ񣬿Ƽ򵥣ʵ򲻼򵥣ʯ񣬽ԴŽվʯ顣
޵Уȴԡʯ顱
£Ѱ˲֪ʯϣÿһεʧܣڼɵ
ĵǷߡ
˵ÿһ׭̵Ḷ́һֱ汾ģеľ
˷ǲľ顣
ʥˣߣҲԼϲŭ֡ԹΪԽߣԽ⡣
Ϊ㹻ǿΣ
ѰԣЩ˲֪ٵɱѪĥһ·ǰС
ʣȴӲ㣬ӹԼĵС
ʯḶ́һδϵߣѰԻ䡢ǡԼ
գȻˣŵ£
ƫִ
˳Ķ⣬ͨ
ǰһʯ¶һ˼Ѱıģеһдա
ѰһʯϣӶ̵
һΣԾѵ
ӾһУƸп޹Ұ޷Ҳ硣

Ѱߣһʯ
ԾѣҲϸ򡢰³ɡʯҶСߡҡա
ѣǣҵˡ
ҲĳС
ס
ÿһʯ񣬳ֳϽԲͬ޲ʮ㣬
ÿ̳һʯѰľһɱ䣬ֱǱԽԽͨ͸ԽԽƽ͡
Ϊÿһʯ񣬽Դһָ飬ССŨ򵭣һ㡣
ֱѰп̵Ŀɨһʯ񣬻£Ƶᣬγ
޹ҰΨ⡣
ȴ黹飡
лǰ
Ѱֵ̧ۣ
΢΢Ц˵һĶ棬ʦܡ
ѰһȻ𾴡
ѩɣ⣬٣ִʡʷ飬¶ĸ˷緶ѰҲΪ֮۷
ֻǣѰȴû뵽һСǵУʦ֣
ԭ
һΣѰ
ؾ࣬ɡ
ЦŻ֣ʾѰ£Ϊһӻƣ˵
ڵֱģʯ֮ЩС⣬ȴһӣ԰УľӰӣӳں棬Ҳ޷Ϊˮƽ֮
ԣѰͷΪȻ
ЦžٱѰһ˵κΪֻ֮뿴һ㡣
Ѱһ
ӾЦд𰸣ߵĵ;ҲУҲֻнһʯֶν㡣
лǰѰһů
ǰλԸ崺֮Уһĸ˷緶ۡ
⣬˴νս㽫ӭʥ٣ڴ֮ǰһ£׭ʯС
ָô;Բȱ©ӡ֤ҵ
Ѱͷ
죬ѰȻԣ׭ʯʱʼУעڿ̵֮£ʯ֮ϡ
ÿһ׭̳ʯȻսԺ˳ɣȴѰܸоЩ
ǣЩʯԱԥٵ
УԡʣֻżȾƣ飬ңڡ
ھԼսʱֻʣʱѰ̳һʯ񣬿̵Լ
ףۼѡ
׭ʯ񣬾ڿ̻ԼһĵУڷ֮أġһǬ
ֻǣÿѰ̳ʯ񣬶ȱһ
㾦
Ѱԣ׭ʯ񣬵еҲһϣȴٳ޷֡
һ˵ĸо·û٣ûһȻȻĸо
Ѱ㽫ʯٵʱȻڣǿʥڴˣھս
ѰһγѣԳƫִˡ
ȴѳ֪ΪԼܻо޷ˣΪ⡰㾦һʣʥʱ
ǿȥ󣬾续㣬ȱ
ǰǡ
죬ѰûٶǱ
·֪Ҫȥʲô룬Żĳޣֻɱ¾Ѫˮ⣬Īˣ̤۵ĻᣬƴһѪµģҪʧ
Ѱͷתȥ
ĿѰ뿪ЦЦҲˡ
ףʯȤϰ壬ô
ʱһ߽̣һ۾ͿѰյ̳һʯϡ
ãһӵأȻǸ
߾͸㡣
ڵ
һƱ˰㣬ߵ˵ģǧڣ
˵ţ̧־ͳʯץȥ
ܹһһʯпһʯĲ֤Ǽ䶾ġ
㵵ǣƾʹ޷ǲŰƸߵʯץ
ҾͲˣ
ҧڳɲĵ⣬ֻǱնǺʱʯ˿
аʯСһе֣ʥ֮£ֻ¼𣬸οɵСӣ
뵽⣬һӡ
䣡
һֻǰһһоתưš
Ұʱԭλãֻʣһյĸ¥Աܾã߻ҳ鲼ᡣ
һ֪˴˵еĸˣĲһ¡
ЩӸɵۡ
գۼ䣬͵컻գ

ͬʱѰӰС⡣
ӣҲҪǰ񾩣
һҾ޴¥ıڸ߿ѹƲ㣬ڵͶһӰ
ϣһӰŮӣѰ֡
ǡ
Ѱͷ
߰ɣһⱦϵѣҲ͹һҪǰ񾩣ȥۿħǧһս
ŮԺˬʺȳѰһ
Ҳá
Ѱ룬㼴Ӧ
⽫һʱһֱڵʯ׭ʯ񣬶һ֪һĨڡ
ô˻ᣬǿ˽һ¡
ಣ
ѰǴϣ߽ϸ¥УŷӰУŮ
Ѱ˶Ц⣬δʲô
ӣߡ
Ůӻ֣ʾ߻һλ
Ѱ޲ɣ߹ȥ£лˡ
ŮһЦ̫ˡ
㷢ƣӨ֬ķǳһԴȣֱ޳ҲһʮʮŮҲΪˬ׸˺øС
ŮӶ棬һ꣬ͷڣģΪӢ
ע⵽ѰŮߣ¶֮ɫûж˵ʲô



1485 Ŀ֮
ܿڸ߿зɳ۶ٶȵǼ졣
ѰǣĿ񣬻ع֮ǰһ׭ʯľ
ʲôȱˣֻһ
һ̣ѰԾ۳ʥޱ֪
ĵ;˲ͬǰδУʶֻܿԼһȥҲ޷ָ㡣
֮ľΪʥ֮£ʥ֮ϣҲӵһս֮
Ѱһжϡ
жԴľ׼֪Ҳ츳ͨԼľš
֮θԼӦսѰʵ޶ǿҵĿֻǿЩ˵ˡ
¥У޵߶ڽ̸ɫ˷ܣ̸۵ݴ󶼺ͰѰǧһսйء
Ҳڽ̸УѰ֪ԭͨ콣Ҳ´Ƶѹòͷ治Լǰ
ѰҲף´ǰͨ콣뻹һĵߡ
͹ˡ
ͳһ㣬Ժ󼴱ͨ콣ڶսѰҲ̫
Ѱ˼ʱԱߺȻһӣҽ棬Ҳȥս𣿡
ѰۣͼĽŮӣЦһ˫޳ĴͦӳĵǰһƬ׳ۣ粿¶һӨ׾¡
šѰͷջĿ⡣
Ѱ̬Щ䵭Ц΢΢һ͡
鿪ˬ⣬չСԴѰ˵ӣһ۾Ϳܲ򵥣Ҳ߱ˡ
˵ţƤƵĳѰգգ۾
λϣ걾ͶѰЩãۼ龰ʱ޷ܣ棡
ôˣ˵ҲҪܣ
淭˸ۣûȽǣܺԼˣҵñָֻš
ɫʱ̣ɫЩҲסٶ˵ѰĿˡ
翴һ۵Ľɫ
ѰˣԼ߹ϵһԸϲŮӣȴû˼
治꣬ȤؿѰӣΪһԼս˭ӮһЩ
Ѱڵϣ˭Ӯ
Ȼִħ񡣡
ԥҰͲʲôǧſ£֪ȥ񾩣Ǹִħģ
ѰЦЦ˵˵ԼоЩֵֹġ
飬һЩģǰˣǿզ졣üһǵӡ
ʱһ֪ˣڵҲǶࡣѰ
ߣ˵˵ȥ˵һЩϻ
̲סˣ͹ԹԱ첻ƽ˳Ц
ѰƳһۣûᡣ
ȴЩˣȽǣұ죡
һһŭģҲǺ˵ģʱɫѿջǲٶԡ
һ֣Ҳʧȥ˽̸Ȥ
ֻǣ·;ѰȽǶԱȣокܲζ
ȽܵĶ󣬵һоûУʤ䷳Ǿȥɢɢġ
˭룬ȽȴţƤҩһ׷ţȻˣֻǰ֮Ĺϵֻš
Ѱ󣬲ԱȲҪһԱȣѰǳȵȻȣһӾͽȽǱȥ
һ󣬵ִ񾩾ںѰ±Ҫ뿪ʱ׷ϣӣҪҪһ飿
ǿ϶ġ
Ѱ˰ֶ֣ȥ
飬Ǻ񾩣һͨ콣ڿԼһԺ˵׼ͻʲô粨ǣߡ
ѰнԶвһʧ䣬ܼԼ۹⣬һῴѰ϶Ǽ򵥵
뵽⣬͵һĶͷˣô֡
һֱȽٿƲסĵļʺŭ𣬵Ǽһʲô⣬һ·ϰһųţƤģԸˣ棬ǰܱƭˡ
ߡ
һۣٱ粵ֻúѰȣȽǾֹȡ̸¶̫Զˡ

Լս֮պܿ١
İ񾩣Ƿƻ֮أЩ֪жٵǿߴ˷
вֹйϵͳеľһЩϹһЩʥ˶ټ
Ѱǿߣǲʤö
ڣڶ̶һʱڵĿǰǣԶ
ÿ춼ŴɵݹڰϿӹεΪ׳ۡ
Ͼһսʵ̫ǣģиûй
ΪһľѰŹŻһǿе
˵һսŻۣ
ͨ콣ҲǴΪš
۶Ϲ̫࣬һֳһЩ飬ֻ·ǽ񾩸Ʒˡ
ʶͨ콣Ȼٲʹ죬Ҳֻǲæάϵ
¥֮أǱѿأ˵һǿߣһЩŴǿߣݲҲûʸ񿿽
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ɴ۾
컹ûѾΪԿ¥һλá
ִʱɽ˺
ǶŶˣ֪ɡԱߣһЦ˵
Уֹ˶࣬ȺǿҲࡣ
һǿҡͷԵ
淭˸ۣ㳯߼һջǷˣ̫࣬ȥѵĶͷ­
Ҳ֪λûС
氦̾ŸѰһżأɿһ׳ĳ棬һʱЩĻ䡣
֮԰̾һΪ˶࣬һΪȽţƤҩӵִ񾩵ڣһֱô϶ϲߡ
ȽǴ˿̵ɫѿúݣĶʻȼգԷģǼһҲ۵س֣һҪúýѵһ٣
ʱȺкȻȻ
ֻܼȺ粨˰ֿóһĵ;
һ½еĿŮϽɢһǿɲϢ
ǵĳ֣ԭգǹرð١
˷ǵĿ⣬޲ź桢ηȡ˷֮ɫ
ôų
۷⣬Ҳ֪ܸܲǺ߻¥򸽽
ԣ¥ͨ콣ڵĸ˲ѹأ˭Ҵ˭͵õù
Աһߺѡ
Ŷһʵ˭ô˶Ϊ·
лЩʡ
ǱǹŻ̤۵;콾
㿴һǵ껣ڶȸһӣŵخһԬ졢СҶĦڭ桢㡢
һ׹˵ʱǡ
Ⱦһ紫˵㣬Ȼ˵ɻǵһۼ
ֲ磬ԭǡ
𺳵
ǺǣӦħŶԣһԼս֮¹עɶΪһˣ
ԱߵһȺͳݣһ˰ӵƣ£˭ɱ⣿
ü̾ǣ̫ԶˣܿȥսһΪħء


1486 ʶ
ʱƣ¥ΪĵĸУ۶ǿԽԽࡣ
һЩ˵еľȫĿȻ
ԭһЩϹҲһĴߵﶼأɶµĻУȴЩ
ҲΨʥ˲εǿʱŻɴ궯
¥ϿգһƻۣǧϣӰӳ£һѤõĹ⡣
Ѫͫģǣ䲻һȴ̻֮ڶĿע⡣
ڵȡ
ѰҲ֪Ƿеս
һοҪˡ
ǧ뵽
һ࣬Դ޹ľժǣӳѩԼŮһҲڹ
񷣬һָ̬һо۵ס
ֻǣüٶһɹ°
ʱǾͱ֮Żһģû֮ص磬һ۵;ʧƶ֮ء
ʶǱʶǶһָ߸ϵԽС
ҲΨе껡һЩʱ΢һЩȤ
֮⣬޵У߹ûʲô
ʥһҲ̫עΪǶЩʥˣվṳۣ̂
Щˣò˶ãܾ۳ʥԽЩʥˣ
ǹģ赲Żֻ类ǰǿ̤ƹռˡ
ӳѩп
˶ЦΪȻ
ǿŻټ磬ûپֱһĪı
ľժüѵСĻӿڳʹߣȽǹŻһŭһЩǵͨҲܳܵסġ
ӳѩΪȻƲƲ졣
Ҳû⡣
ǴһʹߵݣŻ˺Ըǣھ֮ĻʱŻЩǿ߾͵ųǰǿߵŭɣ
Ƭ򸽽İУ֪ϹｫӳѩǵĽ̸նУһɫ١
һȺС˱ͺͳŻʵʹ죡
һλͨ콣ڵϹŶжһֳ嶯޲ѰЩһĽѵôˣ
ʱ䣬Һš

ֻеִҲŷ֣ԼǶ಻
̾
ȷ̫ˣǰʱĵطҲҪ÷磬Ҫꡣ
ڣȴֻܴΧУ޷¥
ݡΪĲࡣ
ֻǰӲ̹
ʱĿⲻһƳȻһϤӰԶеس
Եúܵ͵һ·ϲֹ˼һҪǰеĴ㡣
һЩάͨ콣ڴ˼ˣǰҪϡ
ԱҲЦļһôϹﶼðȻ룬ôҴҡڵǰУ
ȽǶע⵽Ѱϳ
ι⡭кѰʱ
ͻȻһϷЦӭȥѰһˣ
Ѱ
֣һǾףøȫŤͷߡ
ЩǰѰͨ콣ڴˣһһ£彩Ӳǡ
Ȼһ
ǵɴ۾ɫһһס
ȻԶУڵȺĵ껡ӡ桢ҶĦڭȵȾһѰ
ʱƬȺֳֿһĵ·һֱ쵽Ѱǰ
գҲһƬž
һɲŵĴģջ۰ڰնסһԲһ˼ı顣
ǰΪһħķɣΪȴû뵽һ·ϺӣȴȻħ
Ե̫˼
һΰ㲻ʵĸо
֪һжģǵ껡ӡ桢ҶĦڭȵһھ֮ǰʱ˲֪ĿĹע
ڣǶһжǰӭӣ
˭ôܴ˴
Ȼħ
Ҳֻħ
ԱߵȽ۾ֱˣɫ֮ͣǰʻգѰٳ֣һҪһݺݵĽѵ
룬һһתۣħ
뵽⣬Ƚǻ˸ɫףΪȻǰ񾩵·ϣԼѰ
Ⱥһ궯ȽǽԾѣ̧ۿȥͼԶѰȻ

֣ȥʲô
Цʡ
һѣȥк
Ѱ˵ţǰЦ˵ǿ϶ġ
˷ܵԭħ񣡡
ܵΧǿߣԼڶĿ⣬׷׿ԼžȺͲ⡣
ֱĿĸоʱ漤嶼ڣСɴûע
ټ·ƣڰ񾩣ڴ˵أĿĽ㣬һ̾ȻԼһΣ
濴ѰĿУһĨʡ
ôվѰ
ѿڶûʸ¡
ѰɹЦһԵҺߡ
ûˣǰλˬŮӣһҪΪԼɨ˶Էˣ
˵ţ㳯ǰȥ
Ƚǣʼնˡ
ֽɫѲۡ
ȽǼˣһѰûкƽϣңѰĿ֮£ȸԾѵس¥ȥʱкȻӿһ˵ľɥ
費£ȱµǣԷԼȤûУֱˡ
ִ¥ǰѰֹЦŶ˵ɣӦò˵㡣
ͷЦޱȲá
ԣֱʱ
껡ǼˣһЦûж˵ʲô
ѰҲýˡ
ĿɨȫϤףӡЦ졢ҹ巡ȡ˴Ҳڡ
ΨԾѡϸ
ϸڱչأԾҲڽŴУڳҲ⡣
ҪСһЩǧɲ򵥡
ֻһܾ۳ʥ츳ݣƿؼǿ츳ͨһݺӵľС
ѰЦЦԴ⣺İɣҼˣаա
ͷüɫ
Żǿ߶Ѱżģɼ˽ǧϣԽԽľ
һǿ󡢾޵콾صļûܿжǿ
ԽԽ˼ɵ
ֻٶ˵ЩѾãһĿǣ·ƵԼսѾݣϣò
ҲֻѰҪˡ
ͬʱѰĿ⿴УһƣһӰϣһͷѪۣǧˡ
ѰڲĲҼѾʱˣ
ԶѰһ¹ı̺ۣɫ߹дһĨεĺ⡣



1487 
һͶصζ
ѰЦЦɨ˱̺һۣⳬǰһ
̺Ȼɫ䣬ڱܣವĳȥǺѰж¡
ɲⷢ
ѰջĿ⣬һӰ̤ն
ƵЦñ̺ĳ߷ߣ޵ݡ
¥֮ϣѵȺʱǧתųҰеѰɫ
۸һŮ澣Щ
⣬ɱ֮
ѰǣЦЦûɱѾʴˡ
˵ʱǧ㣬һϮۣ޳³һԲȱζ
һͷѪɫٰ㴹ʣ¶һǷӣһԱͫɭȻӿɲâ

ԶһЦ
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼһ̬欣ѩģӵһͷīɫŮӣ˫۱ڸʱǰһĨ
ʲôǧȣһѹıȻҡ
ӳѩǳ⡣
ԱߣһЩͬЦ
Ѱֵĵһʱ䣬Ǿע⵽ˣȴδʲôǸеļµвϢ
ټϣǱʶضƲŻһָ߸ϵԽУȻѰȻԼǰ㲻򵥣ѰʱһȻİ
ǿһϣѰ֤߲ܡ
ѰӦԺܼ򵥣һ仰
ƽһˣȴâ¶ȫĿѡ
һһˡ
ЦЦˡ
ҲΪȻѰھ֮ʱֱ֣Ҳˡ
Ƶ͵ƽ£ʵһǣ
Ц֮ܣҲҽѵеξ֮
ʱŻǿҲǲݽ棬ƾոѪȵĲؽѵ㿴Լݣ
ӳѩһһȫţѻȸ
ǰŻξ֮вҰܣ֪˱¾ս
һѪܵ˰̣ӡڹŻ
һ˭޷ȴܴ裡
ȴһ޼ɵ˵Էֱ̣ڼ̤˵ϣ
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䣬ľժǵĹͱ򱬣ѰԨ񣬴ݿࡣ
ͼľժǲܣѹȵÿѪɫҲԽԽ԰ף͸
ӳѩǿڴ˹Уƴȥһй޲Ѱɴػ⡣
ĿнԴһ˿𺳡
û뵽Ѱս֮ͣһˣȴ޷ɽ
㲻С
أѰڣȫ
ͼԶľժǣǻԡѪĿȫǣͷɢ嶼ҡҡλΣԿ֧Ųסˡ
ɫҵ
ȫѻȸжƵظֳһĨ
ѰǺսԾֱ̬
ʱսеѰδƵģԥѲսľժǣɱӳѩ
Ͷ񶾣ޱȵŮˣѰԲ
Ƭ̣ѰƣöԷҽвֹĶ쳹



1491 ѹһе
ӳѩһ˵ͷͷɢ޵˿Ҫ
ĻῴѰڹ̤ϣ
ƫƫأֿ
Ȼͬһ޼£
̫ˣ
Ѱ಻סС
֮ǰǶܾģΪѰŵǣȷѰһڵ˵Ķ֡
ڣֻҪɵӶ֪Ѱ޿ƥУ
ĿĶ٣ľԴ£Ҳ޹ؽҪ
ŻЩֻһͷ۵;ϣӵ˿ֲս
ȻٷḻҲ޷ףҲ޷⡣
ǶѰľ۵;ϲͬ⣬֪Ҳͬ
ž
սУһĶ쳹ӳѩһҽк˵ɳȥ
Ҳ֪ܲ裬Ϊ̫ܵأһ˹ȥ
ϵһĻõóһĿࡣ
һλһĨľѰնƻ˹ȥ
ˣǧľժˣӳѩʣнʣλڿ֧š
Ѱ磬ɸʤ
Ծ֮ǰ˭ţ
껷п
ľ޷ƽΪӣͬǹŻ۵;еĿƲѰ
䲻ѰɴʱĿѰڴսеķɣò̾
ͬ뷨ģӵˣһ
ͬʱ֮ϣλǿɫü価ؾɡ
ǵĶ־ڶҡ
ৣ
Ѱ֣ͣӳѩӰ磬ǰƣһɸߣţԡӿˮе۾ӡ
پԱڤϣս֮ǿȫѷɫľժǡӳѩ
ңƿص츳֮ͨʹԨ֮
壬뺣ΪΪҡؾ츳֮ڸȺ̼ۺϡ
پǴһеٮٮߡ
ֵģɸұƴ
ۼѰپȳըװ㼤֮¡
䣡
˵ʱسһھ޴ˮУǵأն˺ѡ
ԼɼˮУһͷ޴ΣƷˡ
һ󾪺ҰУ翴һͷ޴֪ΣգϢ
ȻֻǴ
ɼˣĲ
кβң
Ѱ磬εܣٿȻһڴԨɲ⣬ǳС
һʱ䣬дʹԨֽ֣֮ԿƿĴ棡
¡¡
һʱ䣬籩Űˮնݣֳҡ𡢳ٰľ
ǿߺһϣȻɫ䡣
Կ򵥣ֱӣλǿ߶Դƿ裬ͬȶԾʽҲա
һͿش죡
ڵˣ͵һͿУһλ˲֪µϹŶ̾
أĶУѰĳЦҲС
δ¡
һұˮը顣
ͬʱپѪ۾ɽ屻ĵˣʮס
ɫɫвʡȻȻ޷ţԼ֮ܵ졣
ˡ
ѰѲپĿ⿴֡
ԭһȺڵľǣЩǿһһѰѹ
Żһǿѱ̼Ѫţսֻѻ
Ҫˡ
һλʥ˳жϣͬ
ǧ㡢ľժǡӳѩپشЩ͵Ķ־ѱҡ
һֻ̣뱣ȫѣ
ȻһĻĻ֤һ㡣
һԶɣ̵ľѰ̴̫ţʧɫ֮£䡣
һѰԴָԶ족֮ѹ弡ѣѪ١
ţɷ;λǿߣҲ½Ѱһһǿѹ
ʼգѰݿ࣬ң
֪Щھ۵;ϵ裬һǿ콾Ĵڡ
ڣһһѹûκⷢ
ǶС
֮ϣѰӰɫĵƵģȫ
ǵȻ𣬳ȴǼž
˶𺳵ɫ㱣ûгѹ
Ϊ֮ǰ˭û뵽ѰܹһԶսУʤ
ңӮüƯ
ûиˣûѹƣһʼͳֳѹ̬˭ûԤϵġ
ٿǧ㡢ľժǡӳѩȰλͣһӰңɫҵ֮ǰǸ߸ϰİ̬ԵޱǱͿ
һսԭǧ㷢ҪѰս¥֮ϡ
ɽչڣֹǧҰܣһͣҲѰѹ
ȲҰܣֺγԤϵ
Ŀ֮£ʧߵڴˣǵϡ涼̤޵ݡ
ǵģǲУ
һ϶У
뷴
Ӯˣ
֪˭һ̷ļУƳеļžҲѹͷļ
һʱ䣬ɽ쳹
ֹӮˣ
һˣѹһеУ
Щʹ߲Ǻ𣿿ħУҲˣһΣֹӽôˡ
òϣЩļһȷǿ󣬿ѰȺˣҲǵù
ڵйƵģؼصš
һսŻУѰ֮˿ɱȡ
껵Ⱦ˿Ҳһ˵ĸп
ӣ治ħĽɫ
һЩϹꡣ
һսǶĶǣյĽϲּ
ѰӮˣ
ŻʿΪ֮һҲЩ͵棬Ժ˭˵Żˣ
ӮˣӮˡֱ̫ˣ
漤㵸˫۷⣬ɡ
ԱߣȽɫľȻ֪ⱲӾŬУҲעܳԽѰ
̫ˣ
Ψͨ콣ڵǿΪᣬѰȷӮˣȴ֪Ƿøˡ
ϾǳаĹϵĿΪ˵ʤ
ΣһսϢȻҪ𶯰Ż
Ŀ֮£һͽԱѰһѹ
սҲע½Ծ
ʥ֮£ҪԴΪˡ
ϹŶﳤ̾
Χ˽ꡣ
Ǹô֮Ҫˣдڣһξ֮ǹŻһѩǰܵϣ
ϼ
ƾһˣҿˣܵĽֻһЩʹߣսϣɻǿľ
ҡͷǿѰǲΪƾѰһˣܸıŻڼٵľսٵĴ
ϣܱûϣҪãǹŻ򡭡ѱ̫ã
һϹŶҧгݣ֮


1492 
ѰӮˣ
ڵ죬Ϣ糤˳ڷ£һ־˵ٶɢ
º䶯
֪һǰǧԽ̬Ҫڰ¥ϿգԼսѰŻһƬȻ
һΪһԼսҲеĿⶼԼͬػڰ񾩣йע
жûס
Ϊǧ̫ǿˣ⣬츳ݣ̿£޷ѰڶԾ
Ϣټ¶ˣ궯Ȼ
Щ֮۵ĹϵͳҲԼͬذһпο
Ż򣬱ѹ̫ˣ
ǰξ֮ùŻҰܣ֮û䣬ʧȥӵеĻԻ͡
˵ʱ򣬹Ż򳢾Ѫ裬ѹȵ̧ͷ
Ѱһսܵע
ѰˣԹŻнɳޱȵĴ
ѰӮˣΪŻü
´ơ
ҺãյĽǣѰӮˣ
Ӯøɴ䣬Ưޱȣһ޵ߣ޲ڵ֪ϢȣѪš
ŵ˵һսӰ֮Լ¼ڹŻʷУΪǣ
ѰΪŻͷһˣ֣սµ¼ҳΪŻ˽ֵĻ⡣

ǰʱѰһ·ɱ˲֪ٹŻĵͳƳӵҲ˳Ӻ͵ִ᲻һ
ͬ¾ǳѰĵͳҲٽڮٺ
򣬾Ǻԣ
֮һսԹŻӰŸոտʼѡ

ʥ֮أ
ΪŻǿƳ;ηһʥ֮أĵλҲԵóȻޱȡ
óģشƣռס
ǰף֮ĳ֣Լ֮飬ǰԤ⣬¡
ˣҲнĵִƴʡʷعŽ֮ʷ֮Ǩ
ֻڽյȴԵøѹ֡
һֺϵĴС
ܿ죬ͽȥǰλǷһȷˣ
һϵĮ˵һӣˡ
Ծǧһλ׼۾ֲڡ
ڹŻطѹȣչֳϢֻʥΡ
ǧνٹŻʹŵԣǧȰ˸һǸ
һƬţΨǧԴͷڻص
ϣü
λϣһˣҲĬȻֻ飬Եľƽ
ǰӣǧǧһٹŻĿģҪ͹Żһ̸С
̸еݺܼ򵥣ڼٵľ֮УùŻſ
غܷʸÿһԸӵоſ顣
ǴӦǧ͵ֱӶ˹Żǿ߽ʸ
Ϊرھ֮ѡ飬ԹŻǿ߸Ͼɱ
ȳͲƽȵɿܻӦ
ѣôɾ̫ͱˡ
̾
ǧߣͱˣΪ˾ſһǰ̸У
ǹŻ򣬿ǧȴԵ޿֣̬ȸǿӲ֮
ԭܼ򵥣Żû䲻ûʸԿ
Ӧ֮Уѵǰǿ߾ͲԸŻǿߣ
˰಻סȻ
˵ˣ飬Ͼɱ
ǧޱ飬Ƕǰξ֮УǹŻǿʧǺεȲأѵǻصޣ
䣬ŲмҲһֲεв
һʱ䣬ɫ粻
Żھ֮βҰܣ֪Ӣھսʬ޹顣
Ѫһĳͳޣ
Ҳξ֮˹Żû䣬þ۵;ʧϾʧνء
飬
գѹ֣˶߷ߡ
ΪޣΪ⡣
ζ̫Ͳܡ
޷ŻӦ
أԴƽȴ͸žȻ֮⡣
ǧһţŭЦɫɭȻͽоƲԳԷˣ
Ȼ벻ԱܲսϵɱȻˣΪҪ
ǧɫ䣺Ϊ֣֮ùŻһЩ̤Ͼ۵;СһǸȾɣΪƾЩСһܸıŻذܵĽ֣
Ц
ԹԵԸǣһξ֮ǹŻӦвдĻᣬӦ
ӦΣ
ֱ̧ǧ
ӦĻھսϣǹŻǿߣΪһһɱ
ǵǰսҲڴ˴ξ֮б̤ƣ
ǧһһ٣ɱڡ
һʱ䣬궯ɫ䲻ѡ
ǰսǵΨһߣһ̤ƣǿֱ߱ܳ룬Ż
ʱŻעΪһȡķ⣬ռϷ֣
ʱעв֪ٵĵͳݿ𣬲֪ٵǿ߱ūʹͿ̿Ʈҡ
һУᷢ
еĿ⣬ء
޷һ֮ҹŻ֮վ
ȻһڴһϮ£֪ʱ
֣ưɿЦʦ֣ڻˡ
ҲЦˣͷܽӵסԵҲ縺
ǶǴгһձŻá
˶٣Ŀ⿴ǧЩСѰˣΪûǸϽ뿪Ϊãǲ֪ҪܵٳЦ
ʲô
ǧһ㶣š
ͼһӣһĻֶӳֳһĻĻڰ¥ϿյսۻƵġ
ǧ㡢ӳѩľժǵһһѰݿѹʱǧλ׼۴һɫ
˭
Ļʱǧڡ
˭ҪҪǣĸ뿪ˡ
Ȼ˵
ǧˣЦΪƾһСھսзƸꣿɣ
˶٣¸ǣڰ֮У汾ǰЩˣҲֻһǸĴڣ确ڤ˾确۰λǰʮ̫ˣ
˵⣬俴Ұĵ̣ˣҰľ۵;ɴӲϾ̤ʥĽɫҲһӵо֮
һ䣬ǹŻ򡭡ʲôǰ򶷣ƾղǸСЦ
˵ѴһĨŨŨĲм¡¡ص

Ӹϣ


1493 ԾۣƳұ
ճƣ˴
ǹŻʲôǰ򶷣
ͱ˵ʣÿһ˵ɫԵúѿܱ
ǧˣü䷺һĨġ
¹ȥЩڹŻйӲдļһųĵԣ
ڴʱЦЦһ롱Ķ
ûпڡ
˼ѱ¶ţ
ǧһɫǺ죬ЩҲסͳ
ȡ
ŭɱƥ
ƣȻΪͣ㣬ŲߣͱǹŴ򹷡
Ŵ򹷣
ǧȻâ׼ۣʹݽٹŻ򣬽̸Уȴ
Ѳǵ
һӣɫޱɱڡ
Ȼ붯֣ҷ㣬˽㹷ȴϣͷ飬Ȼǻȥ
ң
ǧﱩŭ뷢ŭš
飡
һ̣ǧ类𣬶ݺڵϣһ¡
˳ԾΨ̾ϢҡͷʦֵȷһƢǫǫӣ
ڶԴʱʦȴᡢǿӲԵһ
ڡ
ǧͷǣſأɫӲƸû뵽ȻĸҶ֡
ȻͿߣӣǰԸţʼ򹷣һʹ߶ѣȮô죬ֱ죬ĹȣʲôŻ򣿡
˶ЦˣĿⲻơ
֮ǰǿɱ̫ã
ǧɫ䣬ŭУǿ֪ôĺܳܵס
飡
ǰһȭϣǶ³üֱƦåڽͷŹûһ˷緶
һȭǧڱѪݰ䣬ŭĿѣ޵ò㷢
ȷ׼۲٣ŻطѹƣõֻܹӵʥΪ
£Ŀз֮
飡
̧̤£ǧȹֱӶѣѪʡ
һ̾;͸͵ӣǵ˲ˣɱ㣬ѵŰһ٣
ǧﶼˣ÷ζը߷
Ǵ־һλʹߣһλʥ֮ȵ׼ۣ
ڣȴ˴
ž
Ӧֱݺһƣǰֱðǣ˻𣺡ȡ
üȭǧﰴڵϿᣬܿ죬嶼ͷɢĿȫǡ
ƺʹˣһ૵ܾò֣Ҳܡ
ѰֻҲǵĿ࣬иɽֹһλǰˣȴֱ֮˭ţ
ǣǶ鴤һ£о˾٣ƺЩ˹ġ
ڵϣǧϢ١
ѱϣͷ˲֪ٿ飬ޱȵҡ
ʦ֡
ǰЩƵģֹ
ºЦҲԣֻҪôŶС
ԣ̱ڵǧ͵ضһ£ı´ˡ
Щģ᲻᲻һУŪ
֪ǽӼ˻ҧˣһһкɱˣǧαŻȥˣ
Ժ󣬰򼴱Ϊ𣬿ɵʱˣиƨã
ٿڣѷԸȥһ׼۶ѣһЩƤ˻ˡ
һǰһ̲Ƶǧ߳˴
֪ʹ߲ԣǲʹ죬ʹ죿
Ŀһɨˣο˴ξ֮ǹŻû··ΪλҪã
˽ĬȻ
޿̣̣ɰܵʧ֪
ƽȴǡ
˵Ҳ֪ʲôЦȻǧܴ裬Ǿٵȥ֮Ὣȳ˵𣿡
һ󶼲Цˡ
˭ΪѾһٵľ֮УŻֻһ·ѡ
սף

ڰ¥ϿյԼսѾĻ
ǧ㡢ľժǡӳѩȰλһͱһǧߡ
ʼգûκζ
ǰǡ
뿪·ϣľժһ˵ΪںѰսУǰ̫ܵˡ
Ҳͷųļ尾
ǧĿɨЩɫҡɥŭˣԼܵġ衱ɫˡ
һνٹŻĳʹжǵûԸԳһһ裬ǧﶼը
ǰ̸ˣǷӦڣǿ¸Ҿܾɣ
ӳѩڣתƻ⣬̸һս顣
仰һӾʹ̼ǧ˿Ƶģǧס
˴ˣôϻú
ǧȳ⡣
ӳѩʱɫһһס
ľժԼƺǧжҲûеóԸɫĿ¡
ӳѩǰ֮ǿɲٶʡ
߰ɣ
ǧһǿ԰йŭĳ嶯һȫٶȥ
ڵ죬һ뿪Ż
Żδʹƽ
Ѱһսչֳľɣȡõıսڴţ䶯
֮ĻѰʧڳʱٶȳʱȻԻս˭ܲ
ϵͳʼ˼⣬ڵŻЩһľУѰֻѿ޵УȺ׵ƣ
һЩͳѽѰǵСһֲ̫ˣڣɵһ˶ѣ֮ȴδֱֹͣƶŻƣ
ļµǣ˭֪Ѱļںľժǵ˵սУƺûбȳȫʵ
ԵǣѰսѹһжֺԴδ𣬷ˣ
ΨЩжԹѰӡ
Ǻ޲Ѱȴڵ´ǰѰǰز˭ȥԸ˭ǺΪС
˴ηڰеսǿͨ콣ڵĵ̣Ѱͨ콣еС
գͨ콣ҲֻһսҲκѰ˼
սѰ뿪ʱͨ콣ڻڰнй
û취Ѱһǵĵϳ£ͨ콣ھԻᱻһժʺӣ
ʱº䶯ѰһԶ֮һ¥С
¥ɡǧߣɫ㡣
ھ¥߲㣬Ѱںһںۣ껡ӡԬ졢桢ҶĦڭ㡢ȵȵС
ϯպ֣ҲǢ
û˵ĻʲôΣգΪʱ¥⣬ʥڰػ
֪֮УѰˣﱳ󣬿վһϵͳ
ЩͳɿܻԼµľʲôգ
ţЩѰ£ֻҲҲȡκж


1494 նŻģߵ
¥⣬ʥ˸пԺĹŻעҪ¥Щ˵ģ
Щˣ̤ۣ;ѹͬһֽڹŻϿա
Ǿ۳ʥʱȻŻеʥϹʲôǱȣ
޾֮ȷˣ˭ֽ֮Щ̤۵ˣעҪսġ
һλʥ˺ȻλǾ֮УмܹӾսлŻ
һ仰ʥԳĬˣء
֮
ս£УŻ˲صĴҲò֪ٵ콾ޣսѪ衣
ڴ˴һٵľ֮УŻֻݵĲҿ
¥ڣһھۣƽ̸ʱͬҲڽ̸ھ֮顣
սǹŻߣһʥεǿߴӣС
濪ڣⲢССֵ飬ǹغŻ⣬ʶĸϵͳԻԼǿ
λҲ֪֮ս
һǰսǹŻı֮أΨʥϲεǿߣʸǰȥҲ
һǾսλھŴ֮䣬һЩ½ɡ
Ϊطսֻʥεǿ߽롣
һԣǿߣǺھս棬ھս棬žϣʥ֮µǿԵĵط
Ǵ˴ҪȥģǾս
˵⣬һʱǿߣҲӿС
Կ϶ǣսһǿߣȻڵһʱ佫ìͷָǹŻ򣡡
⣬˽һ
ˣλǰξ֮У֮һԼնŻģߵͣ
⣿
ЦǾһ֣ǹŻǿɨƽǰ֮ǿһߵͣ
ԭǢգȻÿɫһĨ
նŻģߵͣ
Ȱ֣¶ζȴŻκ˷ߺޣ
һΣעͬġ
˰ҧݡ
ʱҵҪʲôҵȣ
ڳĬ
˴ǿһԣ֪ǽսٵĴǺεա
µǣУ۵;ӲϾҲζţһǿߣǾ
ػɣʥεǿҲעڣ
£ҪھսдżϾս
ҪϮַжϣ
һʱ䣬˼죬ҲȻζ
껺ȻЦһξ֮עһ´գɱϾǻϣ
սҵȵڵһʱı۳ʥ֮ˣԲκζ֡
Ҳڡ
ǽľ־ᶨ֮ԲܱЩӰ졣
ο
ӺȻһֱѰ
Ѱһ˵ҵûʲôֻ룬ɱٵˣѼٵġսѫˡܹӵнʸ񡣡
ҲһЦ
һЩжпħǶľ֮ٵΣʱãֱӵϽˡ
УȻһ
ˬЦ

ѰҲ
֣ҪСһЩǵľǷ֪£϶Ϊɱ󡣡
ҶĦڭѵ
ѰȻһЦǸãһսѫţһһ¾ǡ
һЦеնǢ١
ǰԻָѰ̫ԴǸ䣬ڣ˽ȻΪѰ˵ġ
򣬶Բӵе
ȻֻЦ֮սʱǶҿ϶ѰҲԲҴˡ

ֱҹϯŽ
ѰЦ졢ҹ巡һڹѽ̸ãŶ·ƮȻȥ
֮ǰʱ֮ͣ䣬ɽӴ쳾̬
Ҳڵʯ֮Уһµʱ䣬ľľɱ䡣
㷵庣Ⱦ֮٣
ɡ
ҹһƬããɽϿգƺеѰȻֹĿ⿴󷽡
ƺУȻֳһ뷢Ұףòݣ罣ĺߡ
СĪҪᣬϷͨ콣ڣֻһС̡
ƽڣͱ֮⡣
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Ѱ䣬Ӱڵȴȫתز
룬ΨϣСѽͨ콣¡
߹ֵСѴӦϷԴͨ콣ڣСѻ֮Թ
ѰʣҲӦء
Ĭã˵СӦһ޵ĺûᡣ
ѰЦʱͨ콣ڿɲֹһζԸң˵ӦҳǲŶԣôͳԭң
ɫһкâһСѣ˼ӵеȷ˿ɼΪƾЩͿһУǿɾʹشˡ
ѰЦݣӦҴӲηκвҪͨ콣򵥣ֱɡ
ɫһ粻Ѱãһ̾ˣ߰ɡ
ѰһЩ⡣
˽ҴжãѾˣ֪Ĳġ
ͳߵ̬ȣѰٽһ¡
ɫƽϲȻҺΪУгһգһô˽ꡣ
˵գƮȻȥ
ףѰһĶ֣ͬҲһòصĶ֡
һľ
ʱһ룬Լ׵Ĵеĵһ쿪ʼʹѡҲܹøá
ĿѰӰԶȥջסֵĳ嶯һ̾
棬Ϊβס
һЩӰӸӳһĲ⡣
ǾãΪθҶһǰУ
߷ʡ
˽һ㶡
̣ǿӲؾܾϷ򣿡
ɫӡ
һλõĽʥһΣȴһǰѡֵ̣Ĵ㡣
̫жϣ㶯֣ҲްսѰ£
ɽ˲ųϧˣ׻ڣȡõĳɾͣѷɫڴӣϧ
߸ڱ󲽶ȥӰɺ

ǲأԲʡ
ǺͺߵĲࡣ
ʱǡǰ
һƬɽϪϿյѰٴֹһΣüͷѲ겻ɢ
˵ʱתԶڰУ磬ˡ



1495 һ·ӿ
ڰУһ⡣
һӰݣüഹɮˣӺڰ̤
һѰǰʮ֮ء
ز·٣Сѡ
ɮݿ£˫ֺʮϲ
Ѱһͷڷ޷Զԣһ˲ǰز
ΨɫϺУҪʲô
СѾͽǰսô˻ᣬ罫ؼžľ£ʧսС
ɮԴƽ
ʧΪҲܴӾսŻ
Ѱ䡣
ز£
Ŀͳ
ʱûٱͳǿ׷ɱŷӣزʮӣʥ˷
ԭܼ򵥣زѰΪˣն֮죡
˭Ҳ˵׼
ɫƽׯϡ
˵ʱƬȻһ䣬컻أһؾ
˵أ嫣쳹
ǣɢϡ
Сѣسɷ𡣡
ţӣġ
ˣѱ壬ʧأ̻̲
ѰûС
ɼʥɮ˵ΪħΪħ·Ϊħգһԣܷ񳬶ϺС
Ѱɫƽˡ
һλʥɢϢʥ£һλʥεĿֲڡ
Ѱɲ塣
֮ǰͨ콣ڵĺƲ⣬Ѱһ˶УȻӦһе̡
̧ۣѰСѣִѳħעͷް˼
һׯϵӡ
ԽѰԽЩزµͺ¿ٶ˵˹ûʣֱ׳ֱ޳ܵ˼¡
üͷްͷʹ㣬ֱӶֱǡ
̾һ̽һֻ֣ա
򵥵һѰ͵һΣգԥҪѲеһ顣
ɾڴʱ
֮⣬߿֮ϣ͵һ

һĨٿȻӳһҷһɫ磬˺ﳤա
嫣նһĻһƬɽӡ
ƿһؾ磡
ӳʱҷĽ⣬Ļ˺ѳһѷ죬òɢȥ
һ԰ü𣬴˽ʥ֮ȴնһӡ
һУһӡ־֮£֮أֻѱ顢
󣬷ٳڣҵز£ĸѲ֣֪֮ڣôĹ𣿡
ͺ¿ɱ̫ؿɲǳˡ
дЦӼԶ𣬾һ¿ĵߣڴˡ
¿ݹᾣģʱһ磬һ¿бŷ٣¿¶һѩ׵¿ݣǳŪ
¿ŵߣ뷢ʲݣģɫģԵñݡ
УһƤ«һһɫĽƵģƤ«С
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ܾǰһɾ޵Ľʥ¿ҽ£ʮʥ֮أһڽߣ޿ƥС
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Ϊͬһ˲֪µϹŶȻ˵ŵ¼
ߴ˸ã룬¿ҡҡλΣȻЦͺ¿Ҳ֪ңǾãʡن£һ仰ϽʧϵĽɲۡ
вȴģԡ
ɷȴٴУɫأ˫ֺʮڽϵھһʱƶɮԸһ
ŶһŤͷѰЦСһ㾡ǰߣһ·ϵˣħ֣Բᡣ
룬˵ϣ˺޲ݲ㣬Ҳ˲Ҫţ˻кܶģ硭ϵң
Цˡ˰ƾ֣Ӿ͵ʹһס
ϵԹԾƤ«һ
лǰ
Ѱƣֵ
ȥɣȥɣܴ󵨵ǰߣ
ϵ䡣
Ѱһ۷٣ɫأֻŵߣٴУ͹˲Լ
жʱȻӲˡ
ǰ֣
ǰѰ̲סʡ
ˣֻǴºŶѣǲǸо磿
ϵ
ºȷʵ硭
Ѱֹһתȥ
ϵһ͵ؿף
̵ģֲЩϼһϲʱʱӵĴºţԭĶڿӵЦ
ƤһĿⲻƵضŷ٣ҧгݵղӴºʱǲҲЦӣ
ȷٿڣϵش¿Ӵͺ¿
䣡
ϣ콣˺ҹĻҫɽӡ
ԶѰͷһĻһ亹аȻºŲһ߯ˡ
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ǰУһ·ϵħ֣
ѰԼµһЩʲôвһѵõĸп
ûٳɣǰС
һ
һǳУѰһЪţߵԣͶһڹŷòӡ
Ѿһ·Ҳź͵ز·ٴʥһս·;ϣڰ赲ңϧǸһûܵסҡ
ӿ䲩̬ЦѰڣûܰˣһ⣿
˭Ѱʡ
ߣ֪ˡ
˵ţ˵ţ̧֣Ѱ첲ץȥ
ڰ;ֱ۱һֻϸƵס޷˿
ңʥأһ˲֪ˣȴƫƫɣɴ˿ɼǺεȲҪ
һöͳ𣬾ͼһµİ׷֪ʱѳ֡
ңһ¶һĨЦһΪûˣû룬̶̽ˣðɣԣߡ
׷ߣˣһ٣ԵҴԶ׷𣿡
˵ţһץסң½Ӱһ߽ʧ
ѰһУòųһ˵Ķԣϵĺ˵ȷٰ
磬ղǱϷವһӾͲˣѽ
һСŮܹһľ̾
ѰЦЦҲϷಣ
˵գӰһҲʧ
ȴ֪СŮ֮͵شǱϷǲΪҾ˵ѣҽײˣһһײ̫ˣء
ʱѰ뿪Сǡ
һʱ䣬ɽˮ䣬庣򿿽
һ·ƽ˾
Ѱ֪Լǰе·;УԼ޷İУע಻Ѱ顣
ҪԸԼ
ҲڱԼ
Ϊλˣ
ѰҲƲһ


1496 һ
ԸԼԼڰ¥һսйأҲͼٵľ֮йء
Ѱƶϡ
пǣ´ƵȷһˣҲ˲ԸԼѡ
¿ҽš
Ǳʥң̵̽İ׷
һ·ڰĬĬΪԼֵֽٵĸ·ɡ
ˣעǰԹЩˣͨ콣ڡʥء칷塢һ塢ڡɽȵȡ
Լ˭Ѱһʱȴ޷жϡ
²
뵽ʱѰ˵Ļ
ܴ󵨵ǰߣ


ƷԵ֡
һ࣬򷢳һߣȻʦϣһ·ϹȻѵǷǽɱ˲Ÿģ
ЦЦǳޣЩϵͳɲΪƾѰӣھսǰ´ȣֻ޼ɵ
̾㳲֮£ѣȻĳޣԺٽ𣿡
γΪǼˣھͽӣԺ󡭡ֻ¾ûжٻˡ
һͷȷˡ
ѰٲȻʥ֮¼޵аĴڣ
ۺʳһˣӰ·ƣŻЩϹﶼ
Ѱʣս󣬲עܾ۳ʥġ
ʥ
ĸִ壬ùŻЩʥϹﵨľ
οѰչֳĵ̺սȻǾ۳ʥҲԲѰľʥˣ
ʱŻϵͳУ˭ԸѰ
ڲɱѰӾսʱ͸ЩϵͳʳѰˡ
Ȼڣ뱻ԺѰˣҲֻץסĻᣬעһ
̾һʲôʦΪжϣŴӾսзأ
룬˵ȷǣھսлʱŻʥֻҲֻǰͷ
һ
óʺʷ飬м¼
εЩͲҪˣֻҵĶѡ
룬ͱʣʵʦ֣һ·治𣿡
Цָͷš졢ҹЦ顢Τơ
һһ֣˵ôϼһһ֣Ӿٸëš
ҲЦˡ
֪һжԼʦֵİš
ӰһսĻʦ־ϵˣʶ֡
ʣʦ֣һ⣬ΪλӴӣ
ĬãŵսϣһϣתŻİֵܾĻôһ˿ϣڴϡ
סһ


嫵庣أһ岼亣֮ϣ֡
ִѰнһɿת·Ұˡ
Ѱȴ֣ɫׯлλǰһ·ͣ˵ȴѰģ
˵գҰãã˻Ӧ
ѰЦЦתǰԶ庣
Ѱ޷İУһλҵȴ˾٣ҲΪŻһ׮Եӱء
ֱĿѰӰ庣ӰٿȻУʧ
ʧˣ
һ죬ʥء칷塢һͳʥ̵ȵѰԹĹϵͳ˽⵽ѰȻ庣Ϣ
һʱ䣬Щͳв֪жٴΪŭ
ˣԺҪɱӣֻϺõĻᡣ
̾
ϣھսУŻԺ󡭡˭ε
硣
Щ飬ԷڰУɶЩϵͳԣȴ֪Щ޲Ѱĵͳȡжٶʧˡ

庣Ѱ㿪ʼޡ
ϸأڱչأѰδֻЩǣҲ֪ԾѺʱܸǻϡ
ѰһĥΪһʯ֮ĵС
һȥҲ𽥶ѻһʯ
ЩʯӯݵĴϣÿһԿѰе֡
ʯ񣬾һδܵУעѰԴĸ򣬹ʶÿһʯֳϢȻͬ
УѰδ仯Դȴõһּĳ
ֳ۵Խۺ񣬵ʱԽˣ
ΨһȱǣÿһʯԶȱһ
һ֤ʥ
֮ڳ;ϣѰѴﵽԲزֻһ
һ۳ʥ

ºϢʥ٣նףƣھ۳ʥ
Ϣһº䶯Ż𺳡
˵ԴɵٽڹŻϿգΨһһ۳ʥĴڣ
ȴ£˭ܲע
ǰѰڰ񾩻Ĳһε껾۳ʥ׳٣Ҫ䶯
ֻҪо۳ʥ֮˴ξ֮УҹŻܿһЩϣˡ
֪ǿڻ
껣ҲһӳΪĿһֽ
ʥ֮£ϡ
ͳ;ȣʥȫһĴڣһٳʥһھӱ׺˲һˡ
ûȵĺ䶯ƽûãϢȸһӣʥ٣̤ʥ
һʱ䣬Ż򶼷ˡ
ھ֮ٵĴ󱳾֮£½е껡Ⱦ̤ʥβܣ
ڶˣ
һЩϵͳпʶȴ£Żȷһˡ
˲ڴ˴ξ֮ٺ󣬹ŻǷһѩǰܣıذܵĽ֣
Ҳ֪ħʱ̤ʥ
˶뵽Ѱ
Ϊۼ̡սʣѰ֮껡Ӹѷɫκһ˿
źǣԺһʱ˾۳ʥѰȻҲ⡣
ǰͬһУħɧһ֦㣬Ե껡Ϊ˫
ϾѰǲһ󾳽磬֮޷Ტۡ
ȷˣսǹŻߣҲȻԵ껡հ
ۣڹŻͬš
ֻǶѰȴӰ죬Ϊ庣бչؾޣȻ֪ЩϢ
ʱƣ֪䣬ӷ庣֮󣬹ȥһꡣ
һŻ˺ܶ¡
磬ϵͳѿʼﱸΪٵľ֮׼
磬оʥʧܣɵ֪̾Ϣ
һ졣
Ѱһɽۣ֮ڵһʯ̬ʣһ̵Ʈ
ȻһȻ̧ͷԶ庣֮ϡ


1497 սŽǴ
ϣԾӰȻһϮȹѣ˿٣ٳ
üĿ续һ׵
·ѰĿ⣬ӨĴǷһ˿Ц⣬ֵþòˣִħ񡣡
öɵĺƮ
󣬾ͼѰ̤һϮƮ裬ˡ
ԾǳЦӯӯģӿһĨ飬һɲֹһεһ
ԾϣѰһһӵһǼĻС
ӭ
ϣѰЦ䣬ģԾһʱϼȾ죬ߡ
ҲʱԾѺȻ֣Ѱúһˣǰɴû
ɲ֪ڸ׭ʯһ£ѰһԼĵĸУҲ˸Ժͽܡ
ΣѰֱ仯ԾѻǺϲģͷ·𿴵һľͻȻˡ

ϣѰԾѲһ̸˵أԶˮ㾲
ԭ껺ӶѾ۳ʥˡ
֪ϢѰпһ䡣
ǲǺʧ䣿
ԾƵģѰĲ
ѰЦʧ䣬ҿɴ޺һߵ͵˼ϾĴһ֤Ҳͬ
Ǳһ
Ծƺ뿴һѰ¶һЩɥƵ
ʼգѰƵᣬȻĲںЩԾѶò壬һľǺһˡ
ˣǰʱ˵һʱ䣬սͻῪ
ȻԾһ¡
֮Ҫǰˣ
Ѱһ
Ծѵò˶ã庣ҲΪڴ˺ͷĲɽϣһͨս·
ԾֽԼ˽⵽һЩھսϢһһ֮Ѱ
һЩϢѰһ˵
ھսУ˰֮⣬յ
ңսУؾ磬һЩؾ˴֮أ߱
ҲЩؾľԵ
Уսеķ⣬ʥԻᱻѹƣ޷ʩչ
һЩʥĽɱܹЯսҲܵطľѹơ
С
֮ЩԱѰμġ
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һۣѰΪ³һˣԭŵ۾壬ǰһȦ
Ȼǹͭɫİ³ģǱΪʣٵ丫ƵǷ
磬ôңҺ𣿡
³ɤɴֵ֮ģкߵӣЩƺѰеľ
ޣ
ϸݺҲմӱչûãǰ㣬գôԽԽˡ
³۾һɣֱӿ磬ĭӶ˦ϸһ
߲ѣһȻѰϰˡ
ڰ³ִº󣬱һںڹĴҲˣһִ͵һξ֮үҾҪɧѹһеУ
ѵ
ǰ³ݺҳȥҵôϵĺڹɳȥ
ϸһǰ˴һƣڱǰķɧԣ
ǰֱðǣû뵽ԼһִܵĻӭʱܻɴ
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£Ծѡ³ϸ򡢴ڣ·ѰٶȻصھ֮ʱС¡֮С

¹ȥ
һ죬ѰڴȻһĸо
Ȼͼټ庣УԭܵǶڴ˿̾ҷ
Ľʼȥ
ͬʱ庣˰ɽϣһãĺŽؼ伤
ǺŽԶŴۻ롢Ѫš
֮Ҫʼˣ
Ծѡϸ򡢰³Ҳ
һ죬ڹŻͬһЩ粻ɽĽУͬǲãĺŽ
һʱ䣬·ӿ
սŽǣսŽǵ
һǿ߼С
ܾ֮ǰÿսͻսŽ쳹ԴٻӢǰսɱ
һףԤʾžս
ҪˣԤʱҪǰꡭ
ૣ
Ϊ񳯣λܷΪҹŻһѩǰܣ֮УͿǵˣ
һҪӮϣСҲһҪ
ǰ֪ʹͷ­ѪǹŻûбռһΣϣλҲĪҪùŻʧ
֪ٵĹϵͳУ㿶Ļ
ǰЩ꣬Ƕ׼׵ֻȽ񳯣
ء
ãĺŽؿʼŻϿ쳹ֲ¸ص޵ߣҲˡ
ˣ
ԣɢʥƣɽӣ˼֮

ӻһͷȸ˲նȥ
һ죬һھԴӲͬ߳ǰսͨȥ
Ԭ졢С桢ҶĦڭȵȡ
һ죬ϵͳУһλλʥ˴ӣ׼׵ľϸս
һ죬ټĹŻӳоѵľޣǰδеս⡣
һУı˹ŻһС
ҲһУӿֳһ
£ͿսϣŻܷһѩǰܣ˷У


һɽϣƮ裬Ĭ
Ѥ֮󣬹ŻܷӴ棬Ϳһ֮ˡ
ૡ
䣡
أһǵصĿֲ⣬ϻۣܻһһޱȵӣǿհ嫣󸡳С
Ŀϣ쳹֮ǰսϣעҲȫɱ㣬Żþһս׼
ѰڴˣȻϳ׼۰񾩣һλפڹŻǰսϵĴߣ
Ȼ
ƽͣȴ͸žȻ

ٶʵ
һǰսΣ
ƿڡ
ˡ
أü䷺һĨ֮ɫֻ֪Ҫǰǰս𵽶ã
̤׼۾ǿߣ޲һεȿֲĴڡ
Ѿ̫ûг֡
ɵʱŻУûκһ׼۸ȥͣ
߰ɡ
̤գҡ
һ˲ȥ£¶Ǳµľâ˵ƶһˡ
غԸף
Уɫ䷺һĨ㱣ʱ£ʦҪ˰
ȻȥİʲôʵѰСӣǰս


1498 ս
꣬Ѱѩɣ⣬ƾɱģնһʥˣ£Ż𵴡
Ҳһնʥս֮׼۰񾩵һ־ٳУ
սʱѰǰɱ񾩵һѰ
ʱãսŽѾڹŻ𣬾սҲ֮Ҫ
׼۴ǵסѰ΢΢ЩȻ
Ҳһλܣͨ뢣ؽǽԶˣһС
ʵ
ߣɱôʥˣĵĿǹŻ޶ԣ
ߡ
Щˡ
赭дǱƽҲֵá
ƽȻЩ֮ǰսϣҲһСһǿ
ȻʧЦ֪񾩶Ѱ޳ɼֻǷɧѡ
ַģѰ˴αȻǰս
Զ
ͣòҪˣƲ
仰Ȼȥ
ͽˡ
ңң֡
ʦֱء
Ҳ֡
ˡ
һӣӰ̤նȥٿȻʧڤڤ񲻾

ɽ
˵ɽһ֣ϺɽȴȻͬ
ɽΡѣͨīںڡ
аε֮ͨƣ֮ˣͨ£ŲʥϢ
꣬Ѱڴ˲Сͷ֮һٰܾһж֣СͷһͷΡ
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һ죬ŲãսŽѰԾѡϸ򡢰³һˣ庣ٴɽ
ء
սŽɽλôҰԼɼɽ֮ϣջУ
ˡ
һƵĲӰֶɢһ˵Ĺ򲨶Ϣ
ǲɽ־Գơ͡
ڲСͷ֮ʱѰǾԷʶİ
Ǳǽսͨ
ָɽ֮ϣ׼УԼɼһӰŻ۳Ρ
УͻᱻŲƵս뵽ǿ֮ɱ֮С
У޹ؿԣ˭ܴ˭Ӯҡ
Ƕǰξ֮ŻԲҰܶĻһΣϣǶܻŻ
͵ǰǰնû
˵⣬һӣʱ鷺ŽƣһһѰǰ
־עУսرʱֳִԿԱŲƻعŻǰǣʱܻš
ͻڣ⣬ǸԵݣ汸ɱսѫãɱĵԽ࣬۵սѫԽࡣ
սѫкã
ϸ̲ס
һˡ
͵ǵμӹСͷ֮ҲⲻɽϣĴܻŻƾ۵սѫܶһӦĴˡ
ˣѰǲŻȻ
ѵǵǰξ֮УŻ԰ˣܹصǿߣһɣʶܹһ˵ˣҲ֮١
һɵǿ߻ŷأ
ѰнȻ
ǰǻȱһơ
Ѱ˵ţСѾʶӳ
һӣһƸֶС
䣡
ڴʱɽ֮ϣ׼УһŻѳ׳ΣӨӨӲӣ䡣
ȥɡ͵
Ѱǵͷɽλȥ
֮ǰ֮˵Ļ˵öҲһһ
£Դһ־Ȼľչж
磬һ
ϸȲȳһŻУӰһ˲ʧ
үˡ
ų򣬻𼱻ǵؽ
磬Ҫȣ
³ЦؽĿ⿴ѰȴѰһֱ߷ɽŻС
ЦŶߵԾ˵һһɫûУ֪һʱٸ˵˵
ʲô˵ƫƫҪʱ˵
Ծ££˿һۣһѣȴﲨӯӯǽһ֡
Ҳûʲôǡ
ѰҪ˵ʲôԾѲµЦŴϣģΣգ϶һʱϵ㡣
ѰЦǾͺãɣߡ
Ծҡͷȡ
ѰҲҡͷȰɡ
Ծѵۣ˵ȣ
ѰŶһȻ̧ץסԾѵ½󣬽һŻС
ѰЦԺٲ
Ծ߷ߴеֵģҴס㣡
δ£ʧ
ѰǷһĨζĻȣЦЦҲ̤ǰһŻС
һ뿪ûãɽһһǿߵӰ
ȻѰһҪսǿߡ
͸ÿ˶һöƣĿһһȥ
ͬ飬ڹŻͬţһϵͳʥˣһ
½Ӳͬͨս
飬һֱ졣
ɰܣڴһս
һҪӮһ
һսǣ˵ģžս֪ͨٵĹŻǿߣĬĬΪЩǿ

ս
һƬѪɫӳҰУؽȾѪʣãһƬ͸һɱ׳Ϣ
ϸһɳ·Ѫˮݶɣµʴʺ졣
ˣ
һղѰӰŲƶһ˫Ѫɫɳϡ
ɳУϾ¶ʬͷԶѸ಻
ѰʶУȴһ˲ܵһֲֿѪȵɱ֮սļɱ
ǰҰУѪɫؼҲ·һĻĻʬɽѪ׹۵Ĳһ档
Ѱ͵ҡͷǰɢʧΨǺؼصţѪɫɳ

Ѱʶɢƽƣʵһ˲Ĵ󹭣ýСġ
Ǿս
ӽһ̣ͱС
֮ϵĸ߿գɷ˷С
˵شɬ죬ȹŻΪ̺֮У˿˿ƵĻϢŲɹá
ͬʱವӵѪɷϢֲؼ䣬Ҫ뾯߻ħΣա
ʶ֪ΧΪһǧɣȫǱС
һ˲ѣѰӴʶ̽£֪ˮӿͷĿǰĻһ׼жϡ
ѰԣսһȫİĵطϤһУжУܻᷢķա
Ѱ˶š
ս޷գ㡣
սɱѪϴѽѰľ־ĥµһԶĵز
ڴ˴βսѰһѪţ־ȵĿ
ΪҪһսʵ۳ʥĿģ



1499 ɫ֭Һ

ѰһӣһƬϼݺύܻһƽ󣬽򸲸ǡ
ʱ䣬ͬ˶ʧϢڡ
һ֡Ϣ󡱣ǰʱѰֱԾѡϸ򡢰³Ǹһ̡
ֻϢ̽ѰطǾʥڣעһ˿ۼ
ЩѰ̽һжһơ
ǷԻսѫˣǽĹؼƷ
һǹŻɲ֮ɽ־עУھսʱƾŲƻعŻ
ͬʱŻּ߻սѫãһˡ
һǶԾѡϸ򡢰³Ҳһ߷˷ܹ֪ڵĴλá
ѰŻһһãŶģȻ߶
ˡ
ϣӳճһͼӲӷ⣬ÿһǣһ˵ķλ
˴˵λóŲʱͼϵÿһǾͻ仯
ɽƬ̣Ѱɫһ
ʧЧˣ޷Ծѡϸ򡢰³ǵλã
ҪôǾսطţҪôĿǰλã̫ңԶ
Ѱжϡ
ৣ
Ѱ̿һżª֮ĵͼ
ǾսֲͼԾѵֱʡ
Уξ֮ʶ˽⵽սһЩֲѡ
ͼϣֳһָ֡ҲŹ
Ŵ磬ĵ̣һλڵͼ˷֮ء
޹ĵ̣λھŹеġ빬
ھսУ򱻳޽硱ָ޹ĵ̡
޽У޽С֮ǡҲǴ޹ǿ߻۵ĴӪ
ѪħλڶھŹеġѪħ磬ָѪħĵ̡
࣬ĸ֣Ҳˡ
ÿ֮ŲƽսĸӪǿߣԻڵһʱǰԼӪ֮̾أӶﵽսͬͬĿġ
Żλ룡
˵أΪսġйս֮أƵλüԽ
ڡй˷֮أΪνŻĵ룡
ֻӪλãùŻǿھ֮дһ֮С
ǰܵУ
ʶڴ˴ξս󣬺ǿ߲һŻǿ߼ѡǰλսġŻĽ硱
˭СնŻģߵ͡Э飬ŻǿڹŻĽ磬ԻΪʸ֮ġ
ѰŻеǿߴ˴νսһѡ񲢷ɱС
Ƕ
ɢܱⱻлơ
ңܶ㵽۳ʥʱʱ򣬻ӵк͡
ѡȻܱʵ
ھսУ϶ѲҪܷŲؼġ
ȻֻǾսĴ·ֲ֡
ս֮嫹ÿһһ嫵½أƬ½ϣֲյ
ѷ졢ɷѪ⳱ϫȵȣͲꡣ
ˣؾ磬ݰ׺ھսĲͬС
һЩؾ磬ʥ˽룬Ҳ
һЩؾ磬ľ컯
ֻеļªͼѰҲü֮أһƬѪɫĮ򣬸޷϶
ˣĿǰֻʱƣˡ
˼ãѰһӣƽӰһԶȥ
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬ʧУǵϢڡ
Ѱж죬ûжݿգΪ֮ϣſɲɷɶУʥ˶ᱻûɢ
ңʶֻܸһǧɣжٶ̫죬һ⣬עᱻһֲ
Ѱҿ϶ʥˣҲսʩչŲյĶݷ
Ϊ˵׼һѷ죬Խû

һյʱ
ѪɫĮͷһƬƵĺɫɭ֣ɭϿգŨޱȵѪ⣬ˡ
ѰĹˣֻҲһ󾪼¡
һƬɭ֣ؼ䣬ϡļţɢһֹѪϢһɭȻζ
·ǲһƬɭ֣һƬ֮أ
Ī롣
仰˼ǣɭ֮أҪСպ
ɶѰԣǰһƬĺɫɭ֣ȴԱԼá
룬к󣬼ɵֿĵˣҲĻѡ
˼Ƭ̣ѰûгɣС
ɭкqqģľ죬ʪϸҶѻܺһˮͰϣһǵľ޴ߡ
УѰҲýޱȡ
꣡
һӺԼĪǱʮ֮ʱѰʶкȻ׽һ֦ѵ
ѰһУŰĹɭУȻһƶ¼ϸ΢ҲԵúܲѰ
һ˼⣬Ϣĵطƶ
ѰӰһȻһ֦۾ʶС͸֦ҶԶһ̽Ѱȥ
ܿ죬͡һӰ
һģŮŮӣһͷѪòɫ裬һϮƤװ
һͷī̳֮֫£һŽɫƬβһˡ
ѰԺжʱֳһЩϣƽħһѪħʮȺ֮һ
ó깥Ⱥɺ˵ǿΪʶֱߡ
ɣŮģװŮӣǻƽīһᣡ
ʱװŮСض׷һһʹİ׹ǵǴһشĴָĸ롣
Եúרעɫ֮һٴе̬
ûãһظ뱻и£Ͽڴʳһενɫ֭ҺװŮСһ֬ƿС
װŮظƵĳתߡ
ûãѰٵĿ꣬һ֦ҶͺͺƵһ
͸ͬǣƤѣ֭ͭҺɣһֽĹ
֮ǰһװŮٴζ׹ǵСسһظȥ
ʼգȻûз֣ڰһֱһĿڶ
ûãװŮٶռһενɫ֭Һǲһ˿Ц⡣
װŮǱƬɭУרѡ֦ҶͭɵĹߢصĽɫ֭Һ
УѰӰΣעţûоԷ
ۼԾս˽⣬ҪԶԶʤŻսеҲʲôǻԵʲôգʲôʲôսմ
ԭܼ򵥣ǰξ֮УΪʤߣյĹھսϣش¹ȥҲᱻǿ֪ա
ŻΪǰξ֮вҰܣ㣬ܹŴսзص޼
Ȼǰ㣬ھսȥ
ǲ࣡


1500 Դ
ڣѰЩǻƽħһװŮѼǺεƷʲôá
Կ϶ǣܱһ̤㳤˽پ߶ϵıԷѰɱȡ
ΨһѰǣװŮΪڲߢЩɫ֭Һʱȴٴа㣬һ㶼Ҵ⡣
Īǣֹ޷Σգ
Խˡ
ûãװŮѾѼһƿɫ֭Һھ뿪
ֻǣ͵ʱֻǰһ
ã
װŮɫ䣬ʶҪ
ɲʺͱһֻ߬סձýϣϢ
кȻͼǰһ꣬һĺĮضԼ
Żǿߣ
˲䣬װŮӾжϡ
ǣǹŻε˥䣬ܳǿĴڣ
֪һЩ飬𡣡
ѰڣԼ࣬
װŮɫ粻òżѵͷ
Ǻεأ
ɭ֡
λھսĸ򣿡
Ѫħ硣
⣬Ѱһǧ㣬Ҳû㵽ԼһսᱻŲƵѪħĵϣ
ĬƬ̣Ѱٴʵ˵ؾǡ֮ǡжԶ
Լ֮ң
װŮӵĻشѰһãɭ־ѪħǿڵĴӪһμԶľ롣
㣬Ƿˣ
Ѱʵ
Ҳ֪
װŮӻ䣬ֻʺϵĴȻľʹ̲סҪҽг
ſȴκ
ĿԹؿǰ꣬аģ˴лһҪ˵ɵ
ʵ㣬Ҳɱ㡣
Ѱ˵ţһղŵ⡣
װŮɫҵĲ֪Ѫħǿߣ˶ǰɭ֡
ΪΣ
ѼԴ
һ仰Ѱһ͵ؾǰʱϸ˵Ϊʥޱȡ
Ҫĵر뱾֮⣬ҪԵ
ǧټУܹһʥ
ԽƷ׿ıɱΪʥʱķվԽ󣬼׻ٵ
ҲΪΣڹŻеʥˣֻʥûбʥԭڡ
֪ʥͱʥǲһġ
ʥʥ˼ʥ򼸺Ǵɱɡ
֣ʹȱĲѰ
Բŵ˵ʥѾڣ޵Ѫһ֣Ȼʥɱȡ
ܹӵСԴñɱΪʥʱɹĿܣ
ңԴԽ࣬ɱɹĿܾԽ
ϧڹŻУԴȹ屦ϹʱҲޱȵıȱʥϡȱ
ĹŻ򣬶ҲԴˡ
Ѱȴû뵽ɭУѰٵ
һ
Ҳڴʱ߬סʺװŮӣĺɫͫȻֳһƬӲӵùӰѰĿɨȥ
ɱͫ
ƽħһ츳ͨ
һ֮ԱȻߡһ츳ͨϣֱ꣬˷ʤ
װŮԲƲ磬һ˲䱻Ʒ󣬲δѡֱӶôǵѰ˿һ˿ʱŶ֣ɼ˼Ǻεթݡ
ѰȷûסװŮпϲ
һ̣ס
ΪѰƽ·ûиܵһҲܵκӰ졣
츳ͨʧЧˣ
ôܣ
װŮӵɴ۾зǵһ˹顣
꣡
ҲڴʱѰָŮ飬곹Ĩ
ɫ䶼һ˿⡣
ϧǣѰɲһֻ̤Ͼ۵;پһֱʶС
ʲô깥עԵúܿЦ

Ѱ̾
ԭһЩ飬Ҳ֪װŮڶʧ֮ע֮ǰǰϣʶŻԥɱ
ѰֽѹսƷ
һ׹ǵһ֬ƿһװŮݵƣһɫ
׹ǵʥƥ̸ж౦֬ƿʢ˽ɫġԴ
ɫУѷһЩ衢ϡҩȵӰ˵Ʒ
ϣ׭šѪħ֣һڴŮ־Ϣ
һ֪Ѱ֪Ů䣬ƽħһһϵᡣ
ڻһѫɱһŻǿ֮á
Ѱһ
ָսڣŲʱҵʱ䡣
侹ɱ˹Żһǿߣ
ֹһ˱ŲƵѪħǿ̾ڡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ

ָһɨһƻӳգ׻ҽʧ
ͬʱ͸ܵԼĹŻУһսѫעϢ
Уȴûһ㶯һƬհס
˵ĹȻûҪȡսѫˡֻɱЩɾޣս׿콾ǳʥĽɫɫǸ߱սѫˡġ
䣬Ҳһλ̤㳤˽پľȴȻ߱սѫˡ
ѼһǧսѫˣһǺεȼѵһ¡
ѰҲżսŸտֻҪţԺеǻȥɱĵˡ
ಣ
ûе飬ѰӰһ뿪˵ء
죬ߣղ
Ѱ뿪Ǻqqɭһ
һȺӰӳŮϢԼǿˡ
ͷһŻƽβ뷢īĻ꣬ɢʥϢ
һ˵ִһǻɫһ籡˵ĺâ
䱻ɱˣ
һһ٣ɱơ
ɵһ֭ͭҺɵĹʱʱ¶һĨɵ֮ɫϢӲȥһ
ɶ񣡡
ڻЩŮɫһ
˭ɱǻƽħһˣ
ҧгݡ
塮ʥӡã֪£ôɡ
ɫá
ȲҪ룬ǰ֮ǡѪħһھϣһ֪£עᵢϼ縺Ĵ£
һɫڣ֮Ƚ־
ܷ峤ϣҸҿ϶ֿ϶ɭУ
һɫ侲ղŹ۲һЩսۼӶжϡ
ǣɭΣأҼ󣬵˲УҪʹûʲô𡣡
üɺ޵ǣּƻиûκϢ
һ仰нһʶε֣ԲһƲ磡
ֻǱٵı£Ѱɱȡ
ܷĻĬƬ̣ҧ˵Ȳȡж治СǾ롮ħ䡯һѰæ



1501 ߢԴ
ħ䣡
ѪħһصȺʮԡƸܹۡһαװ׽Ѱ޷Ϣͺۼ
ǰæҪɭв׽˵ټ¡
ܷԣ򲻵ѣЩƽħһǿǲԸġ
УҪСЩʥ˶һСĴͻ³ǹ⡯ɨߣѪᱻʴữϣʳ
ܷĿһɨԶһ֭ͭҺɵĹأѡ
һŮһݡ
ǵȻҲ˵Ŀ¡
ߣʼж
ܷ嵱ȣ̤ȥ
Ů

qqɭһߴŨܵ˶֦Ҷա
ѰУԵƽϢ
ˣ
иǰ͸תһɬĵͼ
Ѱ֬ƿ򿪣һνӲӵԴڶϣһĻصˡ
ӨѩĶУ缢ƿʰ㣬һԴȡȻһ˿ȸԾĻ
Ѱһ֬ƿбɫԴһ˿߰㣬ڶϡ
󣬶ϣ͸з棬һƻɬĵͼ
Դ治Ĺ屦
Ѱܡ
һҲѰı
ЩҲɱ䣬Ѻǰͬ
ѰҲӶлùִС
һǡԪִУһֶԶе÷ţҲƾ˴УѰΪƿһС
ڶǡִУһִ߷ܵļţܹеǡ
ѰеĴзĴ󲿷ֱ֣ڻԵɺ֮»еġԪִ
ڣڷԵɱ䣡
ֻǣֱһƿԴȡһɶ˶еĹǰ֮⣬δѰڴĵִ
Դöɱ䡭
ѰгԾ
ԴɲѰϿɱȣ屦
ղССһƿԴóȥʥ˶Դ
мȡôԴûܲɱ䣬Եöвˡ
һֹӵɬİغʹУɱԴ˾ˣ̫˳Ծˡ
ѰУжõĴóһ֪̽ѰѰһɽɫƬĥɵ
У¼ŹڡԴһЩϢ
ҲʱѰ֪ЩԴĹС
ʱһּ졢صľѪħУѾ
֮ҲֻսɭУѰٵ
ϵܹ屦ԴͬʱӵһΪǹ⡱Ŀ
ʱѰһҵˣ
Ĳ֣¼һطרռԴ׼
ǲط¾ʥȥߢԴҲܵĹ
ֲڿʱǰСľ衭
ѰŻȻ
Ѱ񣬿ʼĬĬеط
ŸյִսһжԵδ֪ѪħӪڵġѪħ硱С
ִ£ѰҲֻһһ
Ȼ֮ǾϤսĻ
Ȼ󣬾ͿʼΪʥ׼ʥʱѰŻѡǰλھսġŻĽ硱
ʱѼսѫΪˡ
ǷܹΪŻһѩǰܣıǰذܵĸ֣ٶҲעá
ʱ
Ѱ˲ߢԴطһԡ
ಣ
ƽȻأط֮תϢڱΡ
ûãѰҵĿ꣬һɲԾ֭ͭҺɵ
Сһԭİ׹ǵġ
һѰ
ĸ飬Դĸ룬ȴֻһء
ϸ룬Ҳн
һѡߢ󣬾ͻһʱܵǹ⡱Ĺ
Ѱתողѧطܿѡһظ룬ӵն£һενɫ֭ҺʱӸϿʳѰ׼õ֬ƿȡ
һУѰųһ뿪
һϵжɼ򵥣Բһ˿ͼ⣡
ʱУѰʼɭѲѰеߢԴ
һʱ䣬ͱߢһƿ
ϧǣɭ伫󣬿ȴ֮٣ÿһֻܲߢһΡ
ҲζţѰҪߢԴעֻӣķʱȥռ
ңɭֲûΣգУһ·ûʲôµ顣
ѰܹԽɭоԽžɢһѹֵĹϢ
Ѱļ²ѣǸо·ɭĳּµ
òŻ˲
ţ
һʱѰڲߢһԴظֳһΣյϢ
޳ɣӰһȻڸһ֮ϡ
ҲѰղغã֮ǰִ·ϣһȺӰϢƵģ
Ȼǻƽħһܷһˡ
ܷһǰһʱһѹĵ˷ܣСӸ뿪
һŮһ
ܷ壬ЩŮϢɱ⣬ԵޱȽСġ
СռԴҵȻ޷ټڣֻѰЩߢܽ
ܷƿڡ
˵ʱת͵һӡ

һ׶ƵںڷƿնԲ˼ٶȼֱָѰĵط
ˣ
ѰһƴӰش߶֮ٿȻƾʧ
䣡
ѰԭһɲǼ䱬飬ľм
һ֮£ûɱѰܷ岻Щ⣬һߣӰƾʧʩչŲ֮Ѱɱȥ
ǴһСһЩϷȥɱӣ
ǰܷ崫
ЩŮԵͷӦ
ܷʥҲûǲֵĻᣬΨеȴϢӡ

ɲǼ䣬һ׷սɭб
䲻ʶܷ壬ƾϢѰжϳϼһһ̤ʥǿ
ѰüΨһҵǣϼһϢԼһЩʥﲢ޶
ҲζţԷӦòһλʥˣ
ֻǣһλʥ׷ɱΣޱȡ
Ѱ䲻壬潻棬ѰֻһİܹɱԷһڶášͨǰ¡
ʤ㡣
ûгɣѰ߶֮ɭȥɭϢļ¡
Ѱѹ˲Щ
ͬʱܷҲһԾԭΪһʱܽѰδʥɱ
룬һ׷ɱչٳ޷óѣ


1502 ɱʥ
Žپӵ˲ʥԹŻ򡭡
ɲǼ䣬ܷжϳϢɫɫзεɱ
ɣǹŻһеһ
ܷУȴֵһɹ
ȤѰӵеķ֮ӵпռŲõıѪħж亱
ಣ
׷ʱܷһıգѰдɱ
ÿζѰܿȴѰķɶӰ졣
ܿ죬֮ľԽԽ
ǰˣ
ʱѰ͵زһǿҵļ¶·ǰ·ϣĳֲֿΣڵȴƵġ
ৣ
֮һѰӰ͵ػأһ෽ȥ
һܷ֮ľˡ
ˣ־ܣϷʹһЩһ͸ˣ
ܷɭȻԼһɿµɱ
ʥ֮ǿߣֻѾϾһʥϣǼֱͺͱûʲô
ܷ£ͼԶѰؼУӶлһƵİ׺硣
ն
Ŀ겻ܷ壬ܷһ
ţ
ܷɫһЦ룡
ৣ
˵ʱʩչŲ֮Ѱȥ
ܷ忴Ѱôھͱ׷ϣƫƫأ޴ôˣҲ˶ɲǵʱ䡣
ܷʱץסᣬо԰ܹһ˲Ѱɱ
ܷ⧲ʱɱһ˲ʱ类һɿֲޱߵᣬͣ͡
ͨ
ͬʱѰĶնϡ
䣡
ۿɼһ֭ͭҺĹϣȻһƬɲǻҹ⣬ɨ

ܷһ˲ӦʱһƬǻҹϯӰС

Բǧ֮أһвľʯ˲͸ʴ١
ܷλõʥڣѪҲһ˲ͱʴһգͷ֭Һ档
꣬һƬҹһգ
˵һĻѳһ˲ŲƵǧ֮Ѱз亹͸
ֲ̫ˣ
һλʥһ˲ѣͱѪǣҲɡ
һеģֻһ
Ѱϻ˹ֲ顣
ٿУǧ֮أݲΨһǣͺͺŻɫĹ
һ뵽֮ǰԼһ·СؿЩĹߢǸеԴѰоһ¡
ಣ
ûгɣͷߡ
ܷλʥˣϵıȫʴʧҲûսƷԡ
·ʱѰȴԼĵһУһǳƵ㡣
սѫˣ
Ѱһ
Ȼܷ䱻ɱϵĴˣȴȡ
ɵѰѯŻʱȴֲɱܷļ¼һ
ϸһ룬Ѱˡ
ȡģһεսѫˣֱӣǼӱԼɱĶֻ֣ҪԷӵдͻᱻȡ
Żһּ¼ͻսıΨбԼֱɱĵˣŻᱻ¼Ϊս

ɶʱѰɫ԰ףϢ١
ԥóһҩʼ֮ǰýͨɹܷɱȴѰһ˲㱻ľ
ǽͨĶ̰壬ǵѰҲᶯá

ܷ峤Ѿȥ˰ʱôû
ЩƽħһŮһֱڵȺ򣬿ɴʱȴЩɲˣӿһ˿
ʥΪɱһʥĶֱ֣ˮԷ򵥣ȫغķôʱ䡣
Ƕǣܷ⡣
⣬ȥ
һòһϣһΪޣҺܷ峤϶ûл뿪ɭ֣ȥиǰ
˽ԵͷӦ
ɣҪСģ
˽ж
ɵһȥ
СĽ䱸мأɭͲΣմڣǰľ֮Увʥ˶ʧУûзع
Ҳܴˣ
ʣµЩŮ˴˶
УɭŹ飬Ϊֲǲ֪ǷΪ档
ϾЩҲǵһνս
˵ֲ֣̤㳤˽پľܷ峤ϸһλʥǰȴϢػɱܷ峤ϳ֣ûϢء
˾ɲ㣬ɱĿѰ֮
ٲѰûгʥʱҲעܷ峤ϵĶ֣
ᶨŰɣ˵ᣬܷ峤Ͼͻֵͷء
ۣ
䣬ֻǰһһӰͻأسǰûüӦʱͷ­ͱժ£
ɺѪͷʬŮȻɫ䣬С
˺ȻѰ
ɱһ˺Ӱͣ٣֮䣬ͷųڵ̫
䣡
һܡ貵½ֶЩŮӰȫСݺύƥҫ۶Ŀǵ嶼иһѪ׹䡣
ǵֵԵ֮
ǽ̫ɭȻɲݿ࣬޼᲻ݡ
ټϣЩƽħһǿߣҲֻг˽پΪѣĿѰˡ
תۼѣϾͻһƬѪѪ⸡УɢŻѪϢ

սĻʱһ̫Ⱥ鳲ѰڣѰʼֽսƷ
ҩϡġһĿıѰѹΡ
Уֻʥ
֮⣬ѰϲǣлƿʢԴ֬ƿ
ΨһźǣɱЩֺֻһЩս¼ڹŻУڷеսѫˣһҲûӡ
һУѰȰ㣬ʧڳС
ղŻɱЩʱ𼫴ĶѷǾ֮ء
ಣ
ȻûɾʹҴҷأѪޱȵһĻʱɫ䣬ֽű
ŶãȻˡ
ǻʶԣѹ˲νžߡ
ܷ峤ʧˣЩͬ鶼ȫɱ˿̶ɶԣɭֱּһƬأ

оյӳǵûе飬óһɫطݺһ顣
飡
һĽɫ磬֮ڿնʧڼԶ񷡣
ܿ죬Բ֮صĹУƬĸ·ǿߣע⵽һɫ硣
ǻƽħһԮ
˳Ծ
ߣȥɭһơ
ע⵽ɫԼԶɭ֡
죬һȥѪħѪħĵ̣ǺǿԼȣնŻģߵ͡ڣȴдг֣㣬ǵ˿϶ԹŻеǿߣ
һʱ䣬ɭ֮֮أӿ


1503 ڵл
飡
ݺ£ǰһ˵ͷ­ըģѪˮŽ
ʬҲ֮ء
ɺѪˮӳľͫףһ´ǣȴЩɺ
ľ
ѪħʮȺ֮һħᣬһλ̤㳤Žپ۵;ľ
һͷɫ޳ῡ޺ʵ
ЩŻҲ̫ˡ
ľ̾
ǰǧ֮ѱɺѪˮȾϰپʬУÿһʬŮԱ̶ֱͷ­
ԶһħĺŮӹӣ̫ս̫ǿ
ľЦԾԵúȤôŸյִսĵһѣΪһЩ֣ȴһȺ
Ůӹֻ֤УŻԽԽûˡ
˶٣ӣĻѪħеǰ֮ǡϣǡǷҲץʱǰ֮ǡˣ
ľߣҿɲȥѪµʹ
Ѫ£
Ѫħ;ϵľ۵һˣһλĸħڡ
ͬʱѪҲǡڤ˾֮һ
ڤ˾Уǿİλ콾ÿһǸǿһ
ɴ˿֪ѪǺεǿһλǿߡ
ŮκسĬƬ̣˵ӣսڤ˾ÿ䣬ǾʥˣҲҪǵĺ
Ը񣬶òϣ⡮Ѫħ硯ѪħӪУҪѪհ
ž
䣬ŮӾͱݺݴһ⣬ľɫҲ֪𣬻Ҫѣ
ŮĬȻ
ľһ˵ʲô
ಣ
ڴʱ֮ϻһɫ硣
ľһЦѪħ磬Ѫħĵ̣ƽħһȻԮ¶ǵʥӡ롯֪÷񲻿ɡ
ŮӲٳĬǷԮǴɭڵ򷢳ǻƽħһǿ˼ޱȵĶ֣գЩ͹Ӷûϵ
ôûϵ
ľ˹սܹ鶼һӪģˣƽħһѣȻҿˣܼȣ
ߣȥ
˵ţһԶȥ
Ůһ֪̾ľֻһڣǰ֮ǰˡ

ɭ֡
һײϥڵƽڵѰһ߾ޣһ߶ǰĶС
֮ǰѼԴһεעڶϣõöдʱڲһۿɼı仯
õѩ׶б棬һŤĵڲ
ǵͼ
ǻس֣ĿǰҲֻһ룬ԼɼЩܵĵڹһϵּ
бֹͼѰֱˡԪִ
ڣͼҪˮˣ
Ҳִ֪Укεˡ
˿ѰҲڴ
ֻǣͼ۵һ룬еɱѽѰһ
ֵѼԴˡ
Ѱ̾
еڴеĵִʲôˡ
ಣ
һ΢ޱȵƿԶ𣬾˲ڵƽеѰ
ǻƽħһ𷢳Ԯ˵һ˶һŻļһɱˣ
ɣѵһλŻʥڽսʱŲƵѪħ磿
ʥˣƲ⣬ԷӦһóǱ١
һ̸
һȺǿߣģԲͬŮԲͬȺϢΪǿ
Ѱһ۾ͿЩУȻ綼ѷԼ٣ɾһɫ̤۵Ľɫ
Ѱа̾򣬹Żĵ̵ȷ̫ˣϾʹС
СһЩǼһȻóǱ٣ĪɭУҪԸǼһɲס
û£ǰ֧ԮĿɲֹЩˣ¾һŻʥˣҲɣ
ԣѪħĵ̣ݹŻЩҰ
Щǿ̸߽ʱѴѰӹʼնûз׷ѰĿ꣬ѱǲ
Щ鷳ˡ
Ѱü
û뵽ƽħǿߣһԮԮ
ѰԣĿǰǵɭ֣ɱķ֮
գѰûô
Ѫħ磬ѪħӪƿص¾ɭֻ֣ҪټҲ鷳
ɭ֣գͬȴΪԼṩͶܵĻᡣ
ͬʱô˵ǸӹĻƾԼǱٵֶΣҲԾܵɱˣ
ಣ
ЩͷѰԺһչжȻ׷˸ղ·һǿߡ
ڣ͸Ϣȫڡ
˵ƽħһʥãǹŻǿɱ֪Ҳ֪θ롣
Щǿأ̸Ц
ʮˣһУʶʲôΣա
ʶҲΪ˻ʱĳƴһ
ôҲֻ֪֪ǹŻļһ϶úѿ
һЦ
𣿡
أѰӰͻأس֣䣬ꡣ
㡭һ𣬻ûڣͷ­ͱһӨѩĶи
˶ʶ֣һӦٶȵǲԾþɱΣҡ
ϧѰ
һӿնڳݺύƵƵ˸Ԫնİغܡ
ۣ
һʱ䣬ͼѪˮŽ֫бۺɣһЩлƱ顣
ѰӰ߳УͥŲ
ʮ
Ѫȣһڣ
ΨѰŻϣƽһսѫ
ѰַɨһսƷƮȻȥӰʧ
ûãƬУ˷һƿ֪ٵǿ߱ղŵս߸ˡ
ǵϵѪսۼһЩǿ޲ͷ
һӲ磡
գִ˵صǿߣóͬһۡ
ͬʱѰڲԶİУĹ۲죬ɫž
ֻȴ΢΢Щء
ղŻɱЩѪħǿߣֻһ̽ҪһɭУ˶ٵˡ
һҪлҪһЩ
ãĿǰֻλʥˣ˵Ŀڶ࣬ҲֻǳŽپ
ѰĬĬ㡣
ȥĻֻԽԽܻ࣬ʥ˳
ңѰҲһӶɭС
ѼԴѼ㹻öеִгֵԴʱ뿪˵أ
˼Ƭ̣Ѱϡ
ֻǣմжʱȻע⵽ԶһƬݴϣһֻĴָСĺɫ䣬ڣ޹⣬һɫʯͷ㲻Ŀ
һ˲ѰȴȻһ


1504 һ·Ѫ
ħ䣡
һۣѰжϳֻܲ۵ĺɫ
ৣ
ͬʱбӶնɱȥ
Ӳġ
û⣬ֻħ䱻ɱ屻飬أԷݣһĻ
Ѱûжȫٶȥ
ǰս֮ǰ˽һЩħѲ
ȺʮĸۣܹһЩαװӵ׷츳
һǶϣʥ˶˦Ѳ
Ѱɲʹ˱ϣ̫
ĿӣϢ
ܿ죬һ뷢ѩɫ멵֣ɢϢ侪ˡ
ϣſһֻĴָСĺħ䣬˵ֻħ䡣
ɫ˵ͷӰһŲƶȥ
ûãһȺӰ֣ŮһɫɱͷĺȻҲһŽپǿߡ
Ǳߣ
Ϊָ·ģȻҲһֻħ䡣
ߣ
һչж
ƵһĻĻڲͬš
кħһĺ·õЩǰ֧ԮǿߣԲͷӬĴѰӵ׷Ŀ͡

䣡
һѰһȺǿ߽סȥ·ڵһʱͱһɱ
Ѱɴ䣬Уͬʱʩչ̫Ѥûͻ͵Ľͷâϯ
Ƭ̺
Ѱƿնȥ
ԭأһصʬѪȡ
һγͻλ˽پߣʮλŽپѰǿ߱
ҲһսѰʶУÿ˶̤۵;
һҲԡ
ھ֮ǿߣ԰ƣܹϾžģȴһɡ
ͬϾžܹ֮ģҲֻôһȺ˶ѣӵгĻᡣ
ҪôɽʧܣҪôûץסᣡ
У۵;һֱڣϾȵ;˭ģ
һѰһ껡ǣһ̤Ͼ۵ǿߣĥѺ

һʱ
Ѱٴα½أεĶһɫ멵꣬һŽپ
жϳһ㣬Ѱֻһ뷨ȫɱԷ˷ʱ䣬סĻע鷳ϡ
ͬʱǽɫҲٴУˣŻĶֲͬѰ
η壬෴ΪƾԼʱ޷ɱԷҪסԷȴ׾ٵ顣
ʶ֣òй޹Ĵ㡣
ɵ֣ɫεĶж£
䣡
ѰӰ͵س̻ɲǴ֮һָýɫĵˣпѪֱܱ̫ӽ帲ǡ
ɫҲӲƴűƶǵΣգһʥεĺɫսѰնȥ
Ѱ˲ܣָȭһӲҵǺɫսɳȥ
ʱѰɱǰһưЮӡ۶ݺڽɫϡ
ԭͱ̫ˣ⧲֮£ֱɺɫսʶΣգ㱩ˣû룬ѰͺͰԵϢᣡ
һ̬
ɫ꾪ûɳ֪˴ɱĶײкͿ£Բۏˮ
ԭлһЩɱﵺ͵ơ
ɹؼǣѰĹ̫ͣͲĻᡣ
һƣ
䣡
ӡɱ£ֱӽɫ嶼ѹһص࣬
ѰֵڣŲһʱ䣬ʼǿưԵһͿ
УŽپ㹻£ѰУҲˣ
ಣ
һӣϵսƷѰӰһٶȫٷɶݶȥ
ǣоһսѫˣ
Ȼɫ꣬һ׿ӵд˵򣬶ϲӵˡ
ʵѰµĲɫѪħʮȺ֮һһĺᣬкطƣսڣһ
˴ǰսǴ˻۳ʥġ
룬ȴѰȾˣֱӾͱˡ
֪طƵݺѰҲˣеʥ˶֪ٸһͬ

ʱ
ѰһС鷳
Ⱥˣǰ·ͬɱÿһȺˣ߰ˣʮˡ
лŽپ
ǲܣΨɱһѪ·
գѰնʮˣشˣץסһ˿϶ȥ
ΪһսȴһλʥӰչ׷ɱ

֮ٴα߶Ѱһҧվػأɭȥ
ҿ϶ɭ޷ĿɲΣա
ʱѹ˲Щ
¾ýͨɱ׷ԼʥˣɵʱĴԼĿܻܵס˵ɱ
Ψӽɭȡһ
ৣ
ڝķ֮˸ѰӰԲ˼ٶȣɭ
һλʥǿ׷
òӢһϮۣ棬ɼڣϢҲ֮ˡ
жɽӣֻһλʥʵֻǻƽħһеһѡ
Ѱе䣬λҪȶɽҪߡ
ԭܼ򵥣ɽӲܣǻƽħһˣ
Ȼֻϵ⡣
Ϊһλʥɽӵսóǿ
ˣӲġ
ɽƿڡ
ȴѰУɱ䣬ɱ㣬ĸҪɱңԣעֹұ֤һʹ졣
ûƽħһץ㣬һ׵顣
Ѱ첻ԡ
öɽӲü
ԽɭԽΣգűµ顣
Ѫħ˶֪ĳʶ
ţ
ڴʱɽĪһܵһĪľϢӿȫ
Ȼ̧ͷɨܣ϶Ƭѽɭֵĸأжһ˷ëĹ
ͬʱѰҲһ˲Ծ
ɭһ޷Ŀֲܾӣɢǵȹˡ
գѰһҧǰȥ
û·
׷ɱĲֻһλʥˣһЩǿߣڶ࣬Ҳȱʥ
ˣֻҪͣҿԸһΡ
ɽٶȿڣѰԲһУɲԸѰһȥðգ
ֻǣ˵꣬Ѱһɭָȥ
С飡
ɽɫһâתޱȡ
׷ǲ׷
ɽԥˡ
գһǿ԰ס׷ĳ嶯ѡֹ
ɭϢˣһʥеͷƤ飬ĿԼȥƴ
ҾţУãŻ·
ɽҧݡ
ʥ׷ôãȴûһδʥˣ޹⣬Щ߳ŭζ


1505 
ûãһƿӰ
ע⵽ɽʱͣ½Ų
֣Ϊβ׷ˣ
һ°׷òʵ
ȻҲһʥˣ
ɽĿһƳԷֿ˿ˣ˵УɭűµСѳУֻѺѷء
Ŀ˸
֮ѡֹҲǲִƬһɹɭȻϢзë
˭
˺ʵ
һŻˣδʥ̤۵;ӵгŽپΪС
ɽҲԼ֪˵
жϣӼܾǹŻһеܽɱƱػŻӪɳش
˽԰Եͷ
ǲὫŻǿ߷УȴòӹŻЩ̤ͬϾ۵;Ķ֡
֪ŻӪУ̤۵;ǿ߲ࡣ
ղһĿӹǵ׷ɱ
ô˵Ǽܴסһ㣿
˿ܣĦȭơ
Ҳˮֱ˵һ֡
һ·׷Уǿ߱ɱ
УʮͨĳپߣʮŸ̤۵ĳǿߣ
ˣԽһľطƣҲ𣡡
ڣ㻹ôһ㣿
һ˵һƬžɫٶѸֳһĨء
̸ʱԽԽǿ߻۶
ⱾѪħ̣ɭҲһƬȽ׵أƽħһɷԮ
Ȼǿߡ
Ȼһ㣡
أ˿ڣ˲Ŀ
ͼһŵɫ޳տӣֿȺֶ
󣬺Ůಽ׷š
ľ
ħᣬһλ۵;ϵľˡ
ǶɽӵڳʥˣľʱϢ¶֮ɫ
ʥ١
ľһʥǾʥ
ңľҲ󣬷ħ壬ѪħʮȺ֮һ俿ǰ
㣬㡭㣬һ׷ɱ
һ֣ľָųеĸʥˣ´
˷ֲһƬ˭⣬һӵͱľ
һ仰ָʹ̬ǿӲ
ȴ˸ҷ
ЩʥˣѡĬ
ǺľһȺͬһӪһľȻڣҲþܾ
ӣ·
ľڡ
ಣ
һֻںڣĴָСĺħӳٿȻ仯һǵĺŮ
ãҲ뿴һǹŻж
ӵĺŮԼӦ
չӣɭޱȣ֮Увʥ˶һȥ޻أȷҪһ⣿
ɽü
һԹŻֻ򶼸ȥΪҵȲң
ľɫ䵭ˣ£ҼʱԻ˵һ˵ı֡
ɽɫ΢䣬һչˣֻѣһ⣬Ե㡣
ľٷϻӰһɭȥзӵŮ·
ˣɽڵλʥˣԼľߵĺŮӣҲȥ
ҿʼж
ǿҲͷжʼһƬ
˭жһԹŻֻڽˡ

˿̵ѰһǰУࡣ
žļµΣϢ
ѰѰԺԥͷߡ
ɴʱҲֻҧǰС
û·
ţ
ûãѰע⵽ԶĵطҰȻʣհĲʧڡ
Ĵϣһ޴ĹԨԨϿգһѷ졣
ԶԶȥձ˺ѿһӣɲĿռ籩Ű˸˵Ĺ
Ѱֹɨܣǰ·һڹĹִԨ赲޷ػƿ
ǷɶݶУΪһѷϣʥˣԽ
ѵɭֵĺ֮أ
ѰĿԶԶؿһڹԨƼžȴѰһǿҵΣոС
·ǹԨ·޷Σմڡ
ûãѰжϳ⸽һ˷ëĹϢһڹԨ
ˡ
ʶУСȻڡ
ֻǲ˵꣬ͱѰϣ˵
Ѱת磬Զ
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ľĿ죬ȥĸ죬ֱӱһķɡ


1506 Ԩع
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ƷݷŭܻʵɵѰһĻŻҲֻƾЩʥ˵ȷԷ׻ɱ

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Ѱ֮󣬸ûһ̽סӰȲԨͱϣŻ
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ʥԽ׳һĿɲڣһУԻᱻеĿռ籩˺÷ǣ
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ںǰĿռѷֱǲֵһɹ
һղţħ֣ѰɣԼᱻһɹĹţ׹һƬܼĿռѷУ


1507 ɱի
Ѱһ亹
˭Ԩ֮׻ȿɲĶ
ֲôУһЩʥ˽ɭ󣬾ͳûϢֻ¶ڴ١
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ðԵ֣
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ħѷ裬ȻʬϣһԳĴ򣬷һ


1508 ִ
ʱ
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Ⱑ
ɽһ
սУץһЩ򻹲򵥣


1509 һŭ
Ѫħ硣
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˳ǧ֮أǽʣΡ׳ͨѪ죬ɼǾ޴ǽУǶһſŵİ׹á
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еѰ
һ˲һӿգն˺һֱѷ죬͵ļХ
ҲڴʱִеİأѱѰϤƿء
ԪִУƿزݶеķţִУǽܴ߷ĴС
ִУɱУ
Ѱơ
֮еǰִУԪ־ƿأԼ־߷ܣ־ɱ֮£
ִУҲԿһŶضֲĵɱ֮죬У
һ֣ѽ˴еɱֵ쾡¡
ϣ
ѰһӳУͼĶУӨ͸渡ͼ֮һĺɱ
ţ巢۾ʹ
ҳʥʱһҪִ
Ѱͷ򣬶ԼıҪɱΪʥԵȽȫҿ
ˡԪ֮ĵִ


أһŭļУӵ¹֮
ಣ
ѰӰһʧԭأһ̣ѳڹ֮⣬ͷȥ
ͼϿգĿռѷ콻㡣
ʱһһǿߵӰ׹䣬޷񱻾ĳӰ㣬׹¡
ۣ
һòŮӣһռѷ죬ֱӱɲĿռ籩ը
䣡
һ࣬һӾŭУȴ޷屻ռѷһи
·ȥǿռѷɵĴϣһһѪޱȵ̻ը
Ѫȡ̡Ŀģ
ˣ
ڳǴԨϷһһӰ󱻴ԨǹĹ׹ڿռѷϣɢ
ӾŹЩ飡
˻𣬳ŭ
ɱɣգһգۣ͸գ
ɫȻ
˲ѣѰĿѱ䵽
ЩԨģԹŻǿߣǵϴŹŻϢˡ
ڣȴһֲޱȵķʽɱ
һ˵ŭѰǻȼ²֪ôģȻЩѪħǿߡ
ӹŻǿΪ򣬺ƾ׸ûʲô𣬼ͼ̤
ڣΪλôŻǿ߱Ԩ
̫ˣ
޷ǲ̽ԼǷ񻹻ţ
Щ飡
ѰһתšڡʯĵعؾС
СħϣҪȥɱһЩˣ

Ԩ֮ϡ
ɽֶ̧ƵģһɫŮԨУʼգɫᡣ
ǵһ򣬹ʮ߸С黹ţ϶ῴЩͬǡ
ɽڵ
ǾӣҶѣû취˭أ
ľʼ硣
£һͷ­ţڵأд˷ŭĿѡ
飬ҪⱨӦ
˻
꣡
ľżⷢӲͷ­̤飬ѪˮŽ״֮
ӦЦ˵
ľЦǿߣӲмӦ֣ΨߣŻὫϣνıӦϡ
˶٣ЩĹŻֻ򣬻Ŷһֳ裬Ĩɱˡ
˶Ц
ԴˣǴӲԼĲ̣
ǰξ֮ʱѪħͣģҲ˸ǵġ
սݲһ˿ʴȣ
ŮҲЦɾһ˲ЦȻ̡
˲Խ׳һĴԨУϢظֳһӰһɰ׹ɵĴ󹭣һڰƵѴǱѪĹϡ
ã
䣡
װĺ͵ը졣
ʸ磬գЮɱԶľݺݱȥ
ľЦЦݴŲм
֮ǰΪѰһӵŭ񶼷йЩԨĹŻǿϡ
ûע⵽ʥ˶ҿԨУḡֳһӰ
飡
һж̫ˣ⧲֮£ľֻǰһͱһɿɲɳȥݺݵڵأܵòѪ
ѹ˲Щ
ĿУŮӱһ俪ţ˷ʹƺߣɳȥ
ڴԨϿգ޵ҧĳУ칭
ɲǼ䣬ľˣղǺŮӰסһĻעԼ
⡪
ľһӱŭ˹ȥǺŮӱ𣬵ߵϢţ۾ˡ
ӣū澲źˣһҪ
Ů󣬡Сġֶû˵ڣʧȥʶȥ
ղһԭԵסΪ˾ľȴѣһ࣬궼촷ۡ
⣡
ľ˻类̼ŭҰƵģɫ
ɽӵȻһҲͻһĻһֲҲû뵽һʸѣɱһλʥ
ֲ̫
ԶѰҲЩ⣬û뵽Ůʥˣһ̣ܲصľǰ
ᡣ
ĵķŭ۽㱼ڣԥأУȫʩչС
ৣ
һ˲Ȼһһɿֲޱߵɱӿ֣ʮԾʧɫ
һնľ
޷һһĨԾµĹ⣬ڴ˿է䡣
ִУ


1510 ɱ

춯ذײԱ
Ѱһնһɫɶսìסˡ
սìˣһݳ뷢Ұ׵ӣͬҲһλʥˡ
Ů⧲ı֮¡
£ľ⣬Щʥ˸ɴĨɱˡ
뷢Ұ׵ӣġ
м죬Ѫħ򣬺Ͷɽһǻƽħһһλ
ֻǣ䵲סһɫȴ͵һ䣬嶼һҡΣѪ
գ̲סѪ
һһλʥˣ
ִе
ǰѰתҲֻƾͨһİȥɱһλʥ
ڣһɱŮӣһն˼죬λʥˣһһˣ
սȥȻ󲨣䶯¡
ǼҲû뵽һδʥˣԾУԼˡ
ֱһΰ㲻ʵ
֪ʥ֮£ϣԹ񣬶Ҳܹ羳Կʥ˵ġϡ
ڣʥ˼컹ˣ

ڼ츺˵ͬʱɽѳһӣʥѵĵ磬ϯգնѰ
ৣ
ѰһԨ֮ȥ
ܹɽӵĹһִԨУͱһɹķĭ׷ɢ֮С
ɽɫһǿ׷ĳ嶯û׷ȥǴԨгĹֲ̫Խ
ֻǣһ뵽һһδԼѣɫǱޱȡ
Ϊβ׷ʥˣȴһС鶼׷
ľ˻
˿۾죬ɫŭ
ŮŮ澣߷̣ȴβŭ
ɽӱѵ̧ͷҲЩҲסߵչϢŭŮ澺һʥˣɲҲһˣ
˵ʲô˵һ飿
ľɫÿ¡
ɽһչӣٿ죬еС飬һ֮ͽˡ
ľһĿ⿴Զļ졣
ǵãղǼԼסһȴûע⵽λʥˣˣ
ɫ粻һСˣҲе裬޹⡣
ľĿ⣬ǵͷСӵȷЩ˼ǿ
ľɫã͵һǿԼ侲
ϸһղŷһĻĻҲһ䣬ֽű
ȷ̫ˣ
ǺԼסһıȻԼ
Ǽ죬һԼֻҲס
ǿ
ľɫ㱣ɫѿ֮
ɽӡλʥҲɫ⣬ͬ벻ףľ
һֻϣȴӵʥⱾ̫ףȥĻû˸ţ
벻׵ǣ׹ǹĪԨСܻţ
ɽü
һ仰Ҳɲ
֮ǰһŻǿԨÿһܵĽС
ǣеļ²ѡ
Ѱȴߣ̫˲ˡ
չӣǻҪ𣿡
ʵ
һ仰ڳλʥ˵Ŀⶼľ
ţ
ľҧгݣɱߣ
һ˵οղ͵Ϯһ⧲ڲˣֻҪٸðͷɣ
ɽӵ˶һۣŮӵ״̼ľʱ˭ˣֻ¶޷Ȱ뿪
չӣץһ£ʮѷԸȥֲɭеĸǿߣȫѰŻֻҪץͻΪ
Զħķһӣһͨͨ
һȺŮڵأŮ
ɴʱǽһľŭ̿֡
ľзεĺɱǰЩŻǿߣ˭ʶӣ˵ݣͿԻ뿪
̽һץһĻֶӳֳѰӰ
ǡ
һ꾫һ񣬲ڡ
˵һ룬ͱԱߵһͻȻסͣŤ˲
꣡
Уɴ󣬱
ΪŻжܱԼһӪͬ飿ˣ·Ҳ㱣ȫӢˡ
俪ڡ

ľŭݺҳһǻӵͷ­飬Ѫˮɽ
֮У˭֪
ɺ죬ɢѪŰϢ
ɱɱϻôʲôޣ
һŮӱġ
飡
ͷ­Ҳ顣
ɶ񣡡
ŰɣЩѪħ飬֮Ѫ𣬳һҪʮ
ЩŻǿ߽ԷŭҧгݣѪȵһĻĻ̼ˡ
һȺΪҲɱǣ
ľŭӶҪɱˡ
ɾڴʱһϤĺȻؼը졣
ã
ľһһ̣˾ͱɳȥ
䣡
ͬʱɽӼһɫƣס˱ıײУɫ͵ը
ɽֻ۰һ飬ɫ΢䣬ǿµ
ʱľǱɵӰſ׹أûͷ̳
֪ղһĻĺε֮졣
ԶԨУѰӰ֪ʱһθ֣ؿľҽѰ֣վһ
֮ǰδ뿪Ԩи֪һĻĻѪȻ棬Ҳ಻סзŭٶȳ
Ѱ
ЩץĹŻǿߣԾһ¶ϣ֮ɫ
᲻֪ѰڹŻеƣ
Ѱ
ɽӡǽüֻ˵Żгһȴ֪Ѱ˭ˡ
ⶼѲҪ
ҪǣѰٶˣ
ԶľҧгĿԹضѰҶԾԣǴԨг㣡
ѰоͲмΪҺһ
ľһ´ָŵϱܵЩŻǿߣ㲻Ҿ͵棬һһǵԿǣ
ɽӡλʥɫ䣬Դ
ֻҪѰ̤һڴԨǻڵһʱһ֣У
λҪֱЩвȣԹ˭ҹŻж
أһЦɫȻһԼͷ­
ɺѪˮ׹볾
һ궯Զޱ⡣
˭
ֽʲô֣
Ѱ֪һμԷһ̣Ѱȴ޷ƽ
ǾȻ̬Ѫȱ׳һĻһӴ̼Ѱѹͷɱ޷ƣӿȫ
һɲѰڴԨ֮Уħŭڣ
ֵܣҼסˣ
Ѱૣһһ١
Ŀ⿴ľɽӡˣɫĮȻ䵽
ƽͳѰģĲΪˣ
ľɫһ䣬һɲǾһֱĸоΪѰǵĿ̫ˣɱ֮ͫؾɱ


1511 ¯
Ѱεɱ⣬峡С
ľЦԲѣ֣㵹ȴӴԨ߳㿴һЩôġ
˵ʱһŻǿͷ­ȥ
ɽӵλʥ˽ó׼
ৣ
أһ޷첨ڳɢ
ͼѰȻ⣬УԴʢ貵Ĺ⣬ܻ˽ͨ
һ̣ʱͣһ˲
Ҳһ˲Ѱ֮˸ľǰйЮſɲĵ⣬͵߬סľʺ
ʱľµǹŻǿߵͷ­ֻ룡
죡
̫ˣ
һ˲Ĺ⾰ѣоȻһ䡣
ľǶɽӵλʥˣһ˲䣬ûܷӦ
ǽͨ
㡭
ľʼһʺľʹ̼ɫ䣬ɴ¶֮ɫ
û뵽Ѱͻأس֣ҽ
ɽӵҲɫһ䣬֮ǰǿɶԴ˵һʱֵ׼
ڣһģ
ǶûüӦǶ㲻ţһδʥˣܿЩʥ˵ķӦ
꣡
ľ屻ѹ¹Ѱһưͷ­ĿɨӶɽӵˣ
ڣǣұ֤ĺѿ
Į쳹ȫѹ֡
ϣЩܵĹŻǿߣһ˶ĳ嶯
û뵽زʶΪͬһӪ£Ѱ᲻ϧһеȥӪǣ
ɽӵɫòʲôʱһСвˣ
ȷչӣұ֤ЩһĻᡣ
ɽһڡ
Ҫ
ѹصľĿѣ˻
ѪħһľǷħϵᣬ츳ݣѰʥ˶С
ڣȥġѹأˣ裬̼
飡
ѰָľѪ鴤궼شʹƺߡ
ң
ɽӵɫһ䣬ľݼԼƤɱħЩʥˣǻǲɣ
ûѾԶ¾Ϳǵľˡ
ѰɫĮӿźȻâǿ԰еɱһľˡ
£ɽͶ
ͬѰΪ˾ЩŻǿߣֻľΪ
ǷЩˣȴˡ
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˵꣬ͱѰϣֻܶģ
㡭
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Ѱɫв˲֪ٴˡ
£ϱܵЩŻǿߣһʥǼɱ˵Ŀע£ѰѣǴԨ֮࣬ѵȺǵħӦ
ˣѰŰһ
ڣ÷˰ɣ
ɽɫ
Ѱľ壬һԨ֮ϡ
Уɽӵ۾ѰֻҪѰ¶һ˿ӶݵļǾͻһʱ
ɢƣɽ⸽ֱ
һʥ˶ϵѰҲȷܵһڵɱΣա
תŶɽӵˣȻЦľɱǻΣ
ɽӵһӱޱȣСӣѵ㷴ڣ
ಣ
ڴʱѰľ˳ȥ
ͬʱһԾԨ
䣡
ѰӰʧԭĵطһɫսì俪һӣ̳
Ȼʥ˳֣ɱѰȴѰȱܿ
ԨУѰתһĻ˵ɱȣĲΪˣ
ɽЦС飬ҿ󡣡
ѰûлͷʶѸǶ
ɫ͵һ䡣
ͼԭħµЩŻǿߣһ͵عѣѪͽ񱻸ʴ㣬ϢһһУ
Ӧ
ģѰɫɲ
ɽӵ˴Ц־ЩʱͱˡơֻһǱᱩж
ΪԼܵģ㣬Щú޵ԼΪλô
˵󣬶ɽ̲סһδЦ
һӲ
ѰԨӿ˵ĺâ仰תԨ
Ц
ɽӵ˲ΪȻ
飡
ɾڴʱǾµľ͵̱أ𣬿꾹֪ʱѲˣ
⡭
ɽӵɫ̣͹ֽŶ䡣
ľˣ
ֱ类һƹɽǳ׻ˣæǰΡ
ûãɫ
ľ꣬ѱϢһգ
֣Իƽīһͨľطϳչαɱģ
̲סʡ
棡
ɽɫ࣬޵ݶҧ飬СչʱɱģһֻչӵУ
ɶ񣡡
һʥŭɱӿ
ǧȥ÷ħЩϹ֪ľƤ±ɱҲ̣
һɽǿ侲֮ǶһСɱˣٸ߷ħ£ܲһ
ʥɫ粻յͷӦ
ľľܾ۳ʥԺĳɾע޿ڣȴж
ħһЩʥ˶꣡
죬Գ֣ȥץһЩԽԽãҾͲ޷Сٴαȳ
ɽӷݵ
ã
ȥ

ԨعѰڵϣɫ԰ס
ʩչͨĴ
һĻĻʶʲôп̹ĵѪ
޷⣡
һŻǿߣ㱻̤衢׸һĻĻѪȻ棬Ѱһǰδеĳ
Ѫ
֮ݲ
һ뵽֪꣬Ϊ˲ԼвȣɾȻѰоͺܲζ
Ѱʥʱ֮棬һеУѪծѪ
ãѰһŰסзڵɱ
ʼޡ
ѱٿݽߣ뾡ָ
ˣ
أһĲɢ
һ˲ѰȻ֣ԼһȼյĻ¯УɲХз֮
Լڱ
䣡
ƥѰֻ嶼컯ԥ߶һеֿ
ͬʱڲԶġУֳĵƲΪһ¯
¯ڣת³Уܷٻ죡
ȻǷֲ⴦ؾеĵڶĥѿ飬͵һεɱիһڲˡ
ѰҲʶһ㣬룬Ϊ¯бĸоֱǧУĽԳһּµʹࡣ


1512 һﾪ
Уħʥ޹ǺϣڼȡԼɱ
СվԶӢСϺظһĨա
С죬˽սʮУһֱЩ϶Ժ׷ɱже
ѵ̫֪ڹŻʱж磬ڡ˵Ҳա
ҿóвдɱɱɹͺһ𣬰ɱʹ죬ɺã
С߶߶ġ
ǰᡢԣħʱԲһˡ
С죬úŬɣںܾ֮ǰһ򣬶˺ƿڤǺε֮ǿϣгһգҲһ
СΪСħľ
֪ӵС졯츳ͲýС졣
أһСͷ峺ȪˮƵģһֶе⡣
ֶѣؼƽϡ
СЦЦ
һ棬̤Ͼ۳·ε磬ȴСú
ħٶȿڡ
һ仰СѰ֣һֱеʹ
ħ¾仰СЦ
ҽһʥ̺Ŀռ䷨ȫȡƿ˲ơ˲츳ͨʱ֣һ˳ڶ
ãСܣɱڡ

ʹ
˺ǡľʹ糱ˮӿѰȫ
оԼһ¯бǧÿһδ򣬶ԼбĴ
ΨȫתƿصĴǿܹס̨һ
ڴ˹УѰյ̫ˮ𡭡
İأȫ֡󱻲ϵôͺݺݴ
ֹ̣֮á
һ죬Ѱֻ£ѱҵʹĥľһ˿֪
꣬һֿտ˼״̬
ΨһƵģѭһĴԨ
һڴԨʱ¯͵һֹļž

һ̣ԨӵƵģһĲƵġ
¯Ȼ飡
ͬʱԶġУһɻɬɵһڻ¯Ҳ֮ɢƮ
ĥ£֮
Ѱͷֳһ˴ʹľհ״̬нѹ
һĥ£䲻ɱ䣬ȴһȫµϴ
ҲܹͳԦ֮£ϾǶĴ
ڣһĥѺѰƿص֮䣬ĳֶصĺӦϡ
ֽ֮ţ䴦ڲͬλãȴͬһ壡
ϣڣ
ѰͷһƬᶨ
壬ʵһֵڵ֡
һΨʥܹԶطƿصĴѪ⡢֮С
ˣһĵ壡
ĥѰ͵֮ʥʱʱʱ̶̿ܽԼһǴɵ壡
һɣͶ֮䣬棬һһ̺ĳϡ
Գ棡
ȿͨǵɵһ˵ÿһ֣ӡϢƣ

Ѱһӵϳ
Ŀ⿴ԶһӨӨ˼⣬ҪҪѼһЩԴ
ڴʱһҽӵعؾ𣬼ŷŭ;İ
ˣ
Ѱ߳عʱͿϤһĻһŻǿߣһſǣܼĿռѷϡ
һһ飬Ѫɽ
Ѱӿ˵ĺâǰһĻĻԭѹĺɱ۽ɽ㱬

Ԩ⡣
סǵһѰļһӦʶģ˵ǹŻһ
ɽɭȻһܵĹŻǿߣ͸źεĺ⡣
ѰһڴԨУǡһɣ
˵ʱɽһӣʮŻǿ߱ϯǴԨ֮С
һ࣬λʥԽ䱸
ο֮ѲСѰʱ޿̲ھţԷ͵Ϯ
ԶӵӰٶȳ֣ɭ֮ﷶΧڵ򣬼ѱɱٲ׽ˡ
ɽüǾȥԶĵطץ
ӵǰãħѪҪڣѪħееȫɱѪħеɱӰҪܣɲ׵顣
ɽüͷ
ӵУħǿߺܿͻǶɻΪľڻء
ʲô
ɽӡɫһ䡣
֪ĸħǿǰ
ɽʡ
Ѫޣ
Ӵ³һ֡
ʱɽһһһס
Ѫޣ
ǷħһλʥѾãս֮ǿһֶֻɽЩʥɱ
ʥ
ѪħУܹ˾ģҲһҪĻԵ컯ܹھ۳ʥ
Ѫޣһһ˶ձ֣ľһλ壬ѪԵϵ
֪ľɱϢ
뵽⣬ɽ
Уʥ֮½ϣھʥУЩѰʥûǰ㲻Ҳǿ
⣬һϢؾºһ۳ʥĻԵͻﵮ
ٶȿڣƲ⣬ѪӦΪ¶Ͼľţʸץסλᣬ̤ʥġ
ɽǵѳȵס
ھսгɾ;ʥӵŵһƣֹܻľʥ֮
ڳʥʱ޵ߴ³ʥ
ݶɽ֪ˣѪ¡ľԼһЩŻѹƾ磬ѡսʥ
Щĵ̺ӵеԴѪħʱлʥ
ǡ
ľˣ
ѪʵǱŭɱ˲ɡ
ô죿
ɽӵҲ顣
Сģ
أ챩ȳ
ʶأɽ̧ۿԶĴԨ
ˣ
һֲǵذ㣬ɲǼ串ȫ
ͨ
ѰӰһ˸һͰŵ٣۵ʥ֮ǰ
ϣ
ŭѰȫһնͷŶ
ִУ
һ˲λʥ˼ڱܣͰ屬ɲĹ⣬еֿ
һġ
Ѱֵʱ̫׼ץס˼΢ҵһ˲ȫκԥ
һ˲飬ѰѶýִ֮ͨеȵ
ۡ
һѪܵͷ­׷ɶ
䣡
λʥ˵ͷʬ壬ҲִйЮɱ֮նУɲǼѪ顢ը
ָɲǼ䣬⧲ʱ
һʥ
ʱǬɫ䣬ʮԲ콵֮
ʥ֮ѪкȾڤ
⣬չ¶ǰδ֮â
һԾ


1513 ؾ
ɽӡķӦԿһ
ǴԴҲ뵽ѰĽͨӵнһ˲ʱĽܡ
ԣǱһֲ
λʥ˱һĻʱֲִĸоѻԺը
ʥ
һδʥˣ֮սǰһɱʥ˵ж
ֱʯ쾪
ƾɽǷӦٶٿ죬һ˲оԺֲ񶼱壬Ȼɫ䡣
ѪħУҲٷȺŵ顣
ΪʥǵҪԽѾǧѡ
Ҫ羳ɱʥһ˵㲻ʵ
ڣһĻˡ

ʥѪɺĿؼ価ǰĵ
пܣѰԲѵʱٶȳ֡
ϧǣ̫ͨ죬ĵҲ̫ӴټȫִУһ˲һ类գ˼¡
ʶûκԥԨ
Сӡ飡
ɽӷ˻뷢ŭţŭ¡
һλʥҲ긦Ƶģֽűеľƽ
鲻Խ뵽ղһ˲ɱԼϣֻһ

ԨУСħѰǿסӰŤͷλʥˡ
֣ǾܵȺڴˣ
˵ճСħһʧڴԨС

ɽͷɢɫԵޱ
˵ʵ֮ǰҲŵˣֱʱأЩ²
һΣһɱ⣬һ˼졣
ڶΣľȻ
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ϸһ룬֮ǰǣƽѰƽһأ޷ɽǣ߷أ
ô죿
콫Ŀ⿴ɽӡ
пܣɽӾԻԥ뿪׷ɱѰ뷨һС޷ó
ڣߡ
ΪѪҪˣ
֪Ͳøľһ׷ɱӰ
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ˣѪˣʵ֮Ҫ𡭡ߣǾֺˣ
ɽҧг˵
һλʥҲһ̾
£Ҳֻˡ

ˣЩһ˵º󣬾ؾӿ־۳ʥĻԵ
عؾУС̲סڡ
ѰȫϷָ˵ؾ֪ھս֮󣬾ͻή١
˴ǰսѰһҪĿľǾ۳ʥ
ɣֵٵ۹ʱָ㣬˵ʥʱɣֵأھս
ʶս֮ǰѰ˽ܶڡ۳ʥ顣
ս⣬һֲھŴ֮λ硣
УֲգҲؾС׺С
һЩؾС磬ǰξ֮Уѱ̽Ѱ֤ʵᵮ۳ʥĻԵ
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ؾھսº֣صλڹŻĽڵľս
ʱؾΨгŽپԲزľǿߣнеĻᡣ
ǿߣԻᱻ赲⡣
νƥﻳһξ֮УŻ֮Աһִѹܴһԭ򣬾ΪؾĻᡣ
˾ؾһ󣬻һЩؾ½֣еĺ;۳ʥйء
еʹСطйأ̲ʥ˶ۺ촹ѵ컯
Щ飬Ѱ֪
ЩСʱ̲סˣڴ˵أǻؾĻ᣿
ѰΪȻҵ֤·ǲһԵ컯ֻһʵ
ھ֮ʱѰ͸һ㣬ʶǷܽؾϡ
ңһصĵعؾУĥͿڡ
羭ɱիĥѰľɱ䡣
ĥѰƿص˴˺Ӧʹָϵ͵֮
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СúҾ۳ʥ󣬱ΪѰһ̤ͬʥĻԵ
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ԣѰС
ħɱٶ̫ˣҲܴˣ
Ҫ֪ѰСΪ;Щﲻ֪ĥѺɱ
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ˣ˵ܴˣϣС춼˲֪£ѹ֮·һЩҲ⡣
Сο
Ѱûһο
Ѱȫ뾲ޡ
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Ҳ֤һ㣬Ժ¾һѰʥѰҲʮսɱ
ڣѰʥ֮󣬶ɽǱȻ䱸֮Ҫϴǰǽ͵Ϯǲܵ顣
ڴ˾һʱ䡣
ΨһŲµģǲ֪Ծѡϸ򡢰³ǷʲôΣˡ

޽硣
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ಣ
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УȻֳһֺգһְ£ڰ׽ӳһԺڰĥ̰㣬ӵӰС
ã
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ϸüЦֽɨսƷ
³һԣɨսۼ
ûãϸͫӲӣ³Ǹûطˣһʥݽɫꡣ
ȥ
³ʡ
ŻĽ磬Ϊؾ׼
ϸԥ
Ǵ޽磬޵ĵ̣·һ˷֡
ʲôǾģ
ޡ
һ̣Ϣչж

ˮﻨ㣬Զɽˮ
ּСУԾѴӴһĻĻʫ续;׵ľʱɲһ㱡
ӽսͱŲƵһƬС
ʼ費ѣСж
ֱ񣬰ʱѾȥ˵ΣգһӰû
ټؼ䣬ֻһˣεӰֻ

ԾѾֹһ⡣


1514 ɱ
һؾ磡
ԾѵóĽۡ
ֻĵǣѰã޷Ѱٵ벻Ҫһֱڴˣ
ΨһԾİǣڴ˵УܹܵĴϢ
ǰǰʵ紥ֿ
գԾһ̾ԺٶС

ɭպܲԾ
ѪħǿߵóĽۡ
һѰĹŻ漣ڣ񻹲ɱȻԵúܷ
һˣһ㶯ҲûУ֡
ʥˣɱһֻ򣿡
Ѫ¹ڽѪħеһеɾɺȻѰһӲͷͿ˭ܽɱˡ
Ѫ߽ɭֺһ·ۣԺѰĹŻǿйء
⡣
˴ǰֻҪľ
һδʥ򣬻ֵñע
ѪȳƣһͷɫӢӹһĨеİ⡣
ϢƽɻɢʥϢȴβס֮أ֪ǿ߻飡
ৣ
أѪֹ
ǰһֻںڵĺħ䣬ĴָСѣȴɢʥϢ侪ˡ
մˣнҪǰ֧Ԯħ乧
Ѫü£
ǧ֮ıУйŻʥ˳֣Ѫħʮʥ˱ɱ
Ϣ˵裬ȸһ츳սԼ˿¡
λһľʥˣӲͬȡ
Ѫ¹ӵ֪Ϣ´Ů뿪Ѫħ硣
ħٷɿ죬һһ֮
֪һУѪȻǣŻǵط˾ʥˣ
ħȷ⡣
Ѫ޳ҽӻľȥΣ
ħ̬һ̶󲻵ãӦһλʥѣҪɱǺεȼѵһ飬մǰ
Ѫ޳ĬƬ̣ãҴӦһҪȥ
ħָʾ
ʲô취ľػ֮ǣؾʱҪһʱС
˵գѪӰһƾնȥ
ԭأħһ̾ľѾˣֻǣʱϢעҪɱ鰡

ʲôѪˣ
ԨԱߣɽӵ˾һ񣬾жͷѹŵһʯ
峤ϸմݹϢдġ
Աߵķӵͷҽ飬ѪϾ֮ǰһҪѰɱ
ԣԣԡ
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һΣΣҲԲСȥˣ
˵󣬶ɽӵѴϺεĺ⡣
ã
ӵͷ

عؾУѰƴӴ
ˣС츳ͨһ˲ƣһ˲
ԶСɫܵǰϲһֻҺСһϣȥϮʥˣ
Ѱüëһ˻
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СһɫʱˣҾ۳ʥʱֻ㶼Ҷ֡
ģ
ǵȻһ̤ʥʱͻһΪ¾񡯵ͨԾԾ޵У
С˫ۻȻڡ
Ѱһ㳤𣬵ߣһСһ
Сɱڵˣ˵أже

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ɽӡλʥˣھԨаɵĵط泯Ԩʱ̾š
ףС龹ðͷˣ
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ͬʱǶҲԨУֳѰӰ
Ȼûӣ϶й
Ѱ
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С飬Ϊҵû취
ɽɫɭȻ¸㣬ΪԵʣֲѪħе꣬ˣò˶ãͻµһʱ嵨㣬Ƿ񻹻־ǣ
ʥˣֻôвǣĨɱˣǶա
Ѱ˵գתԨ
ˣ
ɽӵ˽һǶûзɾ裬֮ǰһδν֣ǳѰ䲻ʥȴطԶʥв
ֱãųˡ
ɽѵҪ⣬Сթƶˣ˵׼ͻɱһǹ
һλʥ˽Եͷ
УʵҲеޱ衣
Ըһֻ϶ѣȴλʥٴУȫ䱸ʱʱ̿Ҫű͵ϮȥΪһЦɡ
ûãԶӵλѽϢò˶ãƽħһǿ߽Ի
˶٣Ӽ⣬ץ黹Ҫһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ѪħУץŵɺܲס
ɽӵ˵ͷʾ⡣
䣡
ڴʱһ
ԶԨУѰ֪ʱӳ鹭ǿɲĺɹ
ȴɽЦѽ䱸ǽӰһоյرܿһϮ
ʼʩǭ¿
ɽЦԼıĺ
һλʥҲЦ
С飬浱ǻһԵΣ

ɾڴʱߵλʥˣ͵˫ֱסͷ­Ұ˻ʹС
͵һ鴤ýӲޱȣ鱩͹д˾ŭȻʡ
ͨһֱףϢȫޣ
⡭
ɽӺͼһʶԶԶܾܿƵġ
̫ˣ
㿪Сһɺ׵أߵͬȴе
ͻһĻöɽӺͼ춼ʧг

ղž˺£
ԶѰڴԨУЦʥˣֻƣ
ɽӺͼɫѿ֮ͷ
㹻Сˣֻȴû뵽һ⵽˴һλͬ޶˶˵رС
ǰŵķӣǳɵۣһλʥˣ
һУһֲͷ־
Ǽһһֲ


1515 ʥԱȸ
УĿֲ
ѰԼҲ΢΢һССȻɲǼ;ɱһλʥˣ
С飬Ҳҳһս
Զɽɫŭ
׷ɱѰڣѾλʥ˱ľҲѣ̫
Աߵļͬɫࡣ
Ҳã
ϣѰʹӦ߳Ԩ
ⷴöɽӺͼһʶ뵽òʲôɣ
ôǲҶˣǾͻ
żڽζƽУѰʩչ֮ٿȻŲƵɽǰ
ն
ĶйЮſɲĵɱ£飬նһֱѷ졣

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ϼУѰŵŵ˺Ѫһڡ
Ѱһ

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һն̻Ѱ޳ն֮â֮ʢضʧɫ
ʱɽҧȻС飬뿪ǴԨ㻹ʲô
ײֱԣضڶɲԺ͵Žϯʮ
öɽĺǣԤȫѹѰһĻûг֡
ǣѰһ൱
ôܣ
ɽŭʥţ绯һλƵģͶ㣬ɽѣ촷ۡ
ʲôʥˣ
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УʥĴҲû֮ϣٳ֮ϡ
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⡭
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һֻϣܿһ󾳣Լͥ
ң⻹ɱ޻ڿԣ
ܣ
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ۣ
ɽӿѪˣɫɷףд𺧡
飡
ͬʱѰݺݵȥͷɢѪ嶼΢΢ڡ
ͨ
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ۣ
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С飬Һƴˣ
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һ˲ƣӰ貵Ĺ⣬Ѱɱ
۵һнұն䣬ɶɽӸͲЩüͷûһ¡
Ѱɫ΢䣬ʩչ֮ܵͬʱ̽һָ͵ذ
ָ
ģ
ߣʵԶġ
һָһ־ѵķƻľתƣ̺Ŀռء
䣡
ɽӾͬھһʱգ򶼺ñջҡ
˴Ԩ򣬷Բǧ֮أһʯľȫݿ塢촷ۡ
ʥһŭǧ
Ѱһ亹ʥƴȷֲ̫ͱ̬
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Ѱâһȥ
ڰУСħһ𣬾ɫĴ̿ͣԶɽӽϮ
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ɽȻ׹أڱѪϳһɼǵ˺ۣѪȪӿ
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ۣ
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Һް
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ŭĿԲɫأԲĿ
Խȴ޷ܣԼһϵСɫС
ңԿУ
ϣѪ֮ⷭƮ
һƬž


1516 ɱ¾
ಣ
ѰӰƮȻأĿһɨɽӵʬȷԷѳױųһ
ǰֹһεɱʥˣɼǽ
ԡɱġѩɣȺʥ
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ΪˣѰĴ۽ֻˡ
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˵ʱ̧һףӹڵأ֮ǰĶԾУСѳûԷ¡
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һƽħǿ߶Ⱥдȳ
ۣ
䣬ҲһΣԵ
Ϊʲôʲô
˾ëĿ־ޱȡ
ǶѴùģ˵ɭգˣ
Ҳ˲а͵ش𣺡һ֣Ͳһ֮ˣܵסǣ
䣬ʮͬ뷨ǿѾһ֣ȫѰʩչ
ѰУΧһڴԨ֣ǳУĴű򿪡
飡
һ˲䣬ǿȫըķѣԨɱΪѪ꣬޿ɿ
ЩĵͱҲȫѹը飬裬貵ϼƮѤޱȡ
ʢϼУѰ
为ˣɱҲ׾١
Į쳹ϸղѪȵһĻĻ˶־С
ٲͣ˷ɢӡ
Ȼˣ˵߾ߣ
Ѱڣߣȴһ˵ϡ
һ̣Ӱƾʧԭأչɱ¾
䣡
һһķѣȫ飬ɽХĹУɱ
Ѱû࿴һۣͨɢɱħ֮ÿһ˸شһɺ̵Ѫˮ
ݿ࣬
ʱɭУһ·׷ɱ֮£ֻԾԨС
ˣɱʥΧһа취ҪС
Ѱѱһŭͺޡ
ǣЩץĹŻǿߣ̤ϲ˵׸ѪȶһĻĻѰ
ڣҪѪѪ

⵽Ӧģ
Ǹ˿£
һˣ
˻ŭؼ䲻쳹
ƾΰʼգѰɫòһ˿
Ѫݲһ˿
սѰѳףҪȥͱɱ顣
ߣڰ;ͱСħ֣ϢؽС
ģעͽͣɴɱ
̶Ƭ֮
ѪȰսУʮʬ
ңѪһĻڼݡ
һЩǿӽɭ֣Ѱһֱ׷ƾ֮ŲƵٶȣѰһ·ո֪ٵ
󵨣
أŭ쳹һλͨӲӣɢʥƵĻ꣬Ųն
ò˶¶ϲ֮ɫΪþȡ
ɶǻ꿿ͼ͵طһʹޱȵ˻У˫ֱͷӰ׹䡣
Сħһ
Ƕɽӣ϶ú޷ΪѼʶСǻɱλʥʱĹͿֲ
ϧǣ⻮ִȣЩһ֪ʱһ⧲
ۣ
кգȻ귴Ӧͽ׼ն䡣
һӣЩ¶ϲ֮ɫǿֱӶˣһλʥգۼѣͱˣ
˭ţ
Ӱ
ӣǼһһħȶħ£
ֲֵֻ̡˻ɭв
Ѱأһ·׷ϡ
Щ˸׷ɱڣˣ
ټɭУԭžգ֮ˣԭֲɭеǿߣ׷ͣж
ɲŪѰɱ١
һΣѰǴ㳹ָ󣬶뿪ʲлѾõڶ



1517 
qqɭУʱһĲҽ˲
ЩΪѰһʥ׷ɱԵʣҲ֮
ԹŻԣֱʹһĴ档
ɶѪħǿ߶ԣֻһ̤Ͼۣˣ˭ûϡ
Ϊ˭ŻһεȲû䡢СĵطҾ۵;Ѷϵ¡
Ǳʶ˭ûŻǿ߷С
նŻģߵ͡仰УܿԴŻǿߣǺεһ߸ϵ̫ࡣ
ڣѰǿչɱ֮Щֲɭеǿ߲ŷ֣ǵһεȿֲĵˣ
ۣۣۣ
ɭУһſͷ­һɺѪˮɽӵгŽپľ߹㱻ɱ
Ȼʥ˳֣Ҳ˲
һ·ϣѰңһеУ
ô£
ɭڣһЩǿ߱ץһֻӴܵĺħѯʡ
죬ӰɣǼһǼһ̫ˣ
ħ侪ֳ
ܿ죬Щǿ߾˽⵽ϢһҲɫһ䡣
ԮʥǰԮ
Щǿߴ
ûãһԮȥһ磬ʧߡ
ԶѰһĻ۵ף̤ǰչɱ¾
Ƭ̺
ѰӰʧֻһ߾ʬ
ˣҴһħǿߵУ̽һЩϢ
СɶݹѪħһ񶼻ǻ֮У˵ҪΪ롮ؾ׼
ڤ˾֮һѪ£ǿ϶Ҫǰؾġ
ˣѪǰõʱ´ҪڣѪħейŻǿߡ
Ѿȥ˽һ£뿪ɭ֣һ·Ͽ϶Ҳ⵽ɱ١
ѰĬţٶȲδŻ
ʶУ˲ԶһȺڲֻӴܵĵˡ
ˣһϢھ˵֮⣬һбȵĵطڱһھʥΧ
ԣѰһסҲѪħ磿
ۣ
ͬʱӳ֮⣬նһſѪܵͷ­ɴ䣬һڡ
УѰʵȾλ
Сʱ¶ɫȰˣǲֲãǿһھʥ˵ɱðȻǰǵȲӣܻԼѡ
˶٣ο񻹸
ѰϵСչǹŻһѣעŻɳصĴ׿Щ̸ƾΪˣҲܼȡ
һúˣȴһ豻ɱŻӪУܵĴ֮󣬾Գ
Ͼ˴β뵽սеĹŻǿУȷʥ֮Ĵ
Ϊʥ˵ģֻе껺ӣ
һеκһѣǼֱ񿳶˹ŻӪߵһ֧
ˣʵĹŻǿߡ
С̲סѡ
ѰһҡͷұϾǹŻӪһԱóҿ϶Ҫġ
˵ţѰһС㲻Ȱң·ȥȣ
СˣҲֻһ̾ͷӦ
˳ɭȥ
һ·ϣѰҲȥɨЩֲɭеĵˣЩɸҪ
ңѰҲ³ç輴ıΧֻҪһ˲ĻᣬȻӳΧ
ѰԸһ˲Ļᣡ
㵽޷ȳӣѰҲڡ
Щ飬֪ΪȴΪ֮

·ϣѰóһЩصҩʼȫ޸ơ
һյʱ
ɭ⣬ӳҰеɽӣһѻָ߰˰ˣȫٸ·
䣡
ֻǣճûãԶʹһ춯صսضڲ
һӵɽգۼݡ飡
ǿɲսϢѰжһɫ΢䡣
ǿ
ʥ˳֣ӵƣ
Īǡ
ѰʶɢʱͲ̽Զĵط߰˵ϢֲӰȫΧһӰ
Ӱԡ棬̬޳˿٣¶һѩ׵Ķ쾱һžݴһĨ͸Ĳ԰֮ɫ
ӣ
Ѱкݺһ𣬸û뵽׼ǰȾӣ룬ԷѳƬ
ңһ·׷ɱ
ССһȷصعؾŽӦȥ衣
Ѱϣ´
СҲʶأҵ飬ħһ𷵻ɭ֡
ಣ
ͬʱѰתسԶսȥ

һ·շתҵмֵڣҲһ˲õұֻ֤Ҫ䣬ӦѪħӪһ
ϣѪ俪ڣ巢⣬ͣͶ֮ͷų׻ɱһλʥˡ
򣬻λһľʥһ֣ɫᣬս졣
սطԼԲŵ˵ÿһʥˣһλװİ
Ǿǿ֮۵ĴڣԸһж֡
ʱλʥˣѽӳΧ
ҹŻ֮վŻ
ɷףѸ˼أ״ޱȣ;ƿݵıԵ
һսӱһ·ɱ֮أֱڣȷҪŲסˡ
ߣȱʱؽ̢Ϊū˼裬ãܣ
ѪɫɭȻ֮УŻЩɫŮӣʲôŮʲô˾ӣһƷΪūζ
˶ЦдŲ̵ζ
һŮʥΪκ˶԰Ŀ֮ūеζһ붼ڴ
˪ÿ£һԲ
¾أҲԼűܣ

أһХ쳹Ѫһ̤գӰƾճǰָ֣ݺ¡
䣡
Ǭձ飬ɲʥӣѪƼŷ
һ˲ӱôпѪ嶼ĳԶɡ
ô˻ᣬʥѴ
ÿһ˵ɫԴ֮ɱ
ȻˣҾ汳ģ
Ҳʶ͵һҧݣһĨɫڳ棬նۻ
Сƴ
Ѫɫһ䣬ѡ
һλʥͬھҲ˭ܳܵġ
ȻһĻЩΧϵľʥ˽һУƷŻһչ
ڴʱһɬٿȻսɢ
ͨ
һ˲ԭƴӾ֪ᷢ飬ץס˻ᣬԥѡӶݡ
ৣ
Ӱһƾʧ
һ˲֮ѪǲŶӦһɫ䣬ղʲô
죿



1518 
һ˲ָۣܲ
ɾΪһ˲ץסᣬŲƿռȥӾ
Ѫ޵˵һ
ղžô£
Ǿɣеѽ⡣
Ͼǣʱ䷨߰أǵ۾οЩʥˣ
׷
ѪҧĿɺ죬Զɭ֡
ӽпռŲƵĲϢסЩˡ
ץһҪŰɱ
һòͣڿɲɫױеӷݵ
ڱʱǾΧӣһ·׷ɱڣ֮ңԶ
òײｫԷȵУ˭룬ַ⣡
βޣ
׷
ѪΪ׵λʥˣնȥ

֣ζлˡ
ɷףüһĨм˵ʱʳһѪա
ȻܵشԶȱء
ȱ˵ȽһڴԨǾͰȫˡ
Ѱɿ
ʱţڽпռŲơ
ã
ʹӦ

ÿµϢ
ǺǡѪ޴ˣ
죬λʥˣ
ǵԮˣѰˣ
ɭУԲֻ̲ǿߣע⵽Ѫ޵˵Ӱһš
һʱ䣬һ
֮ǰѰƶУһ·ɱ֪ǿ߱ɵѪ֮С
˶û뵽һԹŻľ˿¡
ڣѪ޵λʥ˵ĳ֣ǳ޾壡
ţѰʲô
һ·ϣѪҲɻ
֪ǴɲɱѰģ׷ӡ
ɴʱѹ˲Щ֮ɱĿ꣡
ΪʥˣǶһӻţŻǱ߾͵ڶһĴڣ
һȸһĺᣬһ̤ʥ;Ůӣȴһߣǵ׷ɱ¼ֵڣ֤ǿˡ
ಣ
ûãһڴԨʱѪһݣɫ΢䡣
һɹϢһڴԨЩʥ˶еëȻ
ŮڴԨ
һλüԨʶ֮ɢԨ̽Ѱȥ
䣡
һɹķ򲨶ڴԨӿ֣ӵʶʱ̲סƺߣԶԶܿ
ֻǣɫǱԨйŹ֣ڳϢҵȶ
Ѫ޵һĿ˸
ǿ˵ѪɱףⲻǻƽħһĹɽˣ
һͯպ׷Ѫ۵Ծڣϳ˸Ѫɵһʬ塣
мǣҲˣڰʱǰȥģǱȸһŮɱ
һ˷
˵᲻˽ӦŮһԨ
˳
ಣ
أѪ޳֣մӼԶץһĺӣʵ˵һ˵顣
ԺħһԣͲƵĽѰһһ˵
һʱ䣬ڳһھʥ˶סˡ
û뵽һŻľѣȴһʱ䣬ôѪ顣
ɽӵλʥˣڴˣ
Ե̫˼飬ʲôʱ򣬳Žپľܹһǵɱʥˣ
ڰ֮Уǲܵ飡
˵ʲôľѰɱˣ
͵أѪޱŭɱնɲ¡
ľħһľһע̤Ͼʥ;֮ӣ
ԭѪ޵һǰɭ֣Ϊ˽ľǰ֮ǣѪµ˻ϣΪؾ׼
룬ľˣ
Ǻħһǿŵֱ̱ڵأƤµ󡭡ˣѰΪҡ
飡
ѪĻʲôͣһƾͽ­飬Ѫɽ
ɫ࣬ɱڣŲԶһڴԨȸһС椣ѰС飬룡
һһ٣ɱ춯ء
λʥ˽ĬȻǶΪľѪ뱩ŭ״̬ʱ˭Ҳȥùͷ
ѵǾ͵
üʡ
ץˣŻȫץ
Ѫ޺ԥ
⣬ֶľһޣԹŻǿߵѰ
Ҳֶ

һ죬Ѫħ𵴡
ŻŮʥ裬һھʥ׷ɱǱɭ֣
ϢѪħǿʶԭĹŻУܹ̤ʥ
ϡ
ڶϢѰйء
˵Ѱɱ¾ֳĶҲЩѪħǿ߸е
ƽħһ䡢ħľԼɽӵλʥ˵䡭
һδʥĹŻģ
˭ţ
Ѱڸ˵£أܹһɭֺƶУɱ㣬˸е
Ѱһ
ʲôʱ򣬹Ż߳һĺˣ
ЩϢܿʹѪħӪ֮У֮ҲһȻ󲨡
һѰһ裬׽ÿһѪħǿҰС
ڵ죬չеѪҲĬã´һ
Ѫ޵λǰ˶ˣҪѪħǿߣǵж
죬һϢʹ
Ѫħǿ߶ԣѰ飬ֱһһܴ裬޷̡
ȥעΪЦ޹⡣
ҪǣѰչֳ͵̣ǲ裬ٲǰǰСӡ
ʶǽԺѪһѰٻȥ
һʱ䣬ټѪħУеĿȫʼɭڵлۡ
ѪħУֻѪħǿߣǿߣͬڡ
ǴھսʱŲ͵ѪħС
һʱ䣬ܵѪħǿߴɨĹŻǿ֮⣬ǿߣǲδܵʲôԺȺ
Щǿߵ֪ѰӵʱͬҲе֡
ϾŻѾãȴðˣȻ˺ܷ˼
Щǿ뿪ѪħʱҲ˳ţѰӵ飬֮ӪС
֮ɵӰ죬ڷͣ

عؾ
ִȷΣգֱ֧Ųסڵأɫɷ׵úѪɫһҰࡣ
û°ɣ
ѰЩţһЩҩó˹ȥ
û¡
轫ҩӹһ߾׽һߴܣ֮ǰģɭѣû뵽ȴһؾС
Ѱһʶʲô㡭ԭǴҵģ
ԳһЦ֪㰲Ȼҿɲɵһ·׷ɱ
ˣѰˣвӿһů


1519 ʥԸ
Ѱ̸ѣҲʲô飬ȴѰһڵ֪ѰѵϢȻѡӪȡ
Ѱܲݣ
úˣû˵㡣
ĬƬ̣Ѱϡ
ͷûзϻʼĴ
̫ܵأ˵˴ܷ񳹵޸δ֪
ڡ
迴սУŻߣԲûѰ
û˱ѰֻҪܹ۳ʥӵеǺεȿ¡
֮ʮ꣬Ȼҫ껣޷ǹѰķâ
ڽս֮ǰѰһˣһʹߵսҲ˹Ż۵һ˵ı
ʱǵ껣裬ò̾
ֻǺŵ껺½̤ϾʥǿǴӱѰưԵӰ߳ڵ;УѰһӮ˹Ż̾Ƴ硣
Ѱṳ̂ʥֻҪ̤˾͵껣ȥѰԣ
ʶε֪ѰɭֵϢʱŻһʱ䱩¶ټԼΪնѪħеľʥˡ
ΪģΪѰֵΣա
ʵϣ˾٣ȷѰһΪѡ
ѪԭǴɭֽľģڰ;УȴΪ֪ڱȵϢòı⣬;뿪
УҲѰܿһαʥ˴Ŀܡ
ãȻ
賹׷ɣδС
Ө׾ӨļȾѪ˺ۣһϮҲ飬ɷ͸쳣㲺ҡ
Ѱ۵ףд
Ϊ˾ԼʵĿܻᱻλʥһ·ҧסţ
ˣˡ
С硣
Ѱһģþʲô취Ҳ޸ơ

ӣڵعؾ
ƱãȴӰ첻Ѱǡ
ĳУħڼȡʥ޵ϸѤõ˸ʥĹ
СҲȫ
ʶعؾлȫޱȣһҪ뿪עҪһ޷Ŀֲɱ١
ΪѪ޵λʥˣԨ
ѰڲʥӡĳʥأÿһʥڳʥʱĽԲͬ
ĵ;Ĳͬйء
Ѱһͬ㣬̫Уÿһ۳ʥǿߣԻһʥԸ
꣬ĺԸǡԸгһսԿɳʥ
̫ۣǡΪģΪ¿̫ƽ
սۣǡɱֹꡱ
ЩԸд̲С
ѰʲôʥԸֻ·ϵһĿꡣ
Ŀ꣬˶죬̸ͬиߵ֣֮ҲԽ׵ĺԸԽá
ؼڣ˵ȺԸǷ񷢺ģ
뱾ΥԸһˮ£ʥԺҲԼľ壬ò˴ɾ͡
ǣĵĺԸ¿СֻҪʥ;з˳˳ˮ
⡰ʥмصһλС껡ĵ۾ڣڳʥʱµĺԸǣ
ʥʱΩԸ᲻࣬ԿǶ
һλ۾ڣԸֻԼȫƽѡ
˵ȥ˳Ц
ɾһԸ껳ʥֱʹ֮·
ҳʥʱ
ãѰૣ䣬˼֮ɫǡ
ʱֻ˽Լ
ֱ˽ֻ֪֮ĸںηܵ˭Ⱥ
¹
ͬкܶҪ
ƿһ֮ͨš
羾ٿ׵ǸĻԪס׼۰᪣
һУƺԼйأԱĵԸ
ʲô
˵һʼûѡҺγˣ
Ѱãвһ̾
һʼϾͱණޣ֮աʹֻŬǰУи
Ѱȴ֣ԼҪģЩ޹ء
ôԼҪʲô
Ѱ˼⡣
ʱţѰĬһƵģǣһ˿
ţ
Сע⵽ѰЩԾԲڴޣϢҲžһʯ
Ҫ
أԶͫʣ˼һԣغԺ;˵⡣
СݣʥԸйأ
ͷʥԸܾһ޵ʵǿȴӰ쵽Ժĵ;
˾ƾѲԶˡ
С
ЦЦ֮ǰһƴһҲҪȥؾȥһ۳ʥĻԵĵ;ѺЩԵ޹ء
СȻҼ˵·ͱ˲ͬͬŽͬ
һɫػһ£ŲԶɽѰ˼ܹڹŻжµԭ򣿡
ˣ֪ؾл̲Ե
軰һתСʵ
ȷС
С˵⣬ʶʲôҲˣ
ӯӯЦͷ֮ǰأʥܵ˺֮ǰУȴһ˼ĥѣҵġˡ޸
¥Ŀ飿Сһ
Ԫ¥
ָԶһ¥һĨ̾ؾɼ򵥣ͨԼʥԸܻڴƾϣ
СЦǵȻ
ΣֻҪǿѰģСϲ
ҲЦˣһһľ۳κ׷棬ЩѰˡ
飡飡飡
ڴʱعؾ⣬ȻһƵ
Сһҧгݵ϶ЩѪħĻˣ
Ҫȥ
賤ѳ׻ָʱ徧Өʥԣ޳ӰӨӨӲӣһָǬȻǡ
Ǿʥ˵ϣ
Ѱʥֻܵͷ
á
Сһ뿪عؾ
̧ͷȥͼԨϿգһһʬ屻ŮоҲѰ;ߡ
һ⣬ڱ׽Ԩ֮ǰǾͱŰɱеĶ֫бۣеĿƶǣеıšͷ­еһѪ׹䣬ݶ޷ϡ
Щʬ׹󣬾ͱܼڵعؾϿյĿռѷɣȥʬ嶼޷
С۾һӱѪ죬ҧЩ飡
ɫ֮ͬΪΪ⣬ζҲеơ
ιʮֻ֮ǻ߳һһֻ򣡡
ԨϿգѪ޵Įɱƥ
ֻҪǹԺ󵫷ѪħץȫǶ
סЩǶ


1520 
Сҧ飬ӣȥС죬һϣɱЩΣ
ҡͷǵѰɣһɣǴԨѱ޵ðȻ¡
Сһü̾Ϣˣֻˡ
ʵ֪˿еɱƲס
գ߻ǿŭصعؾ

Ԩ⡣
Ѫ޵ȻȻѪ˵ҵΣҪһԹŮɱˣôһʱ䣬ֻڴˡ
λʥȻû
һֱвô죿
ʡ
Ǿʬ壬Ԩƽˡ
Ѫ޵ȻҾͲţܹ޶ԡ
˵⣬ԸԺѪħץȫ
ǣ
һħһǿȥ
⣬ҲһЩ׼磬ڴ˵زһԷбʷ
Ѫ޳УԸǿߣɭַԷйŻɫǰӪȡ
˽Եͷʼж
Ѫ´һΣҲҪһŮɱʶ˭Ҳᵡ
Ѫ»δʥѪħ磬䣬ӵоԵĻȨ
һָоܽһԹŮɱˣԿԸŻǱɳޱȵĴ
Ѫɱӿ
˽ΪȻ
Żû̫ã̤۵һҲֻһС˶ѡ
ѰȾȻǹŻһĴ
Żǿ߼Ⱥף

ãĿҰϣһȺŻǿӴܣÿ˽ɫֻ̡
Ǳһڷħǿ׷̬УǹŲ̵Ļȡ
Ƭ̺
սЩŻǿȫսʮ˱ܡ
С£ӵȳ
ͷһħǿߣĿаؿһò毺ãŮӣ˹ȥ
ûãŭʹļڿҰ
Ůڴ
ЩħںЦ

䣡
һƬ֮ϣҵս
ûãһλŻʥˣӺ׾ˤڵϡ
סһ㡣
ֵλѪħʥˣ¶Цݡ
ɭ֡
һλʥ˷Ը
վŻʥͷ­˩סǣһڵϣԶɱȥ

ЩҲ˷ѣǵͷռԺǻ֮ҪģЩͷǾǶǽϼѲϡ
һƬѪɫԭϣһӰݸߵʬµսУȻڡ
һȺǿչжʬͷ­һһոռѪ⣬ַ죬Բһôˡ

һĻĻѪħ粻ͬзš
Ѫһ£ѪħӪеǿߣʼȫѪǵжԹŻǿչѪץ
ͽ͡
ѪȡбҵһĻĻڲݡ
ڽ֯

̶ѣٸܵĹŻǿߣ͵ɭĴԨ
Уλʥˣ
ڹŻУЩʥҲ߳ƣһǿء
ڣһӰǣۣޱȣΪ
ѪɫᣬҲ̧һץ
飡
һɲıһλŻǿ߱Ĩɱе
ǵѪ⣬򶼱ϯţԨ֮С
ԶԶȥԨ֮ϣһѪ꣬ѪȵϢǵأŻ
ܵĹŻǿ߼ˣû£˶̱ء
˷ŭ˻˰ġ
ÿ˶пǣҲÿ˶ǿĵҲ⡣
һУעͽ͡
Ѫ޵λʥˣʼնһƬĮȻ
ǶԣŻǿߣȷûʲô𣬷ᱻ򡱣
ֱѪųһٸѪ⣬סһΣǶͲֹЩˡ
ᣬ쳹ʮء
ҲԨ֮¡
ˣ
С޵СϾɱҪ಻ס
ȥǵĵ
һǿ԰סĵŭ𣬵סѰûǰҪж
˵գϥأ֪Ĵ
ȥԼ̲ס֡
Сɫ࣬òջסݺһȭڵϣҧгݵһҪǧٱ
ԶѰȻžЩһֱֳ״̬һʯ
ʱţ֪䣬һʱѹȥ
һʱ½һһĹŻǿ߱Բ̵ķʽɱʬѪⱻԨС
ѪҪѪȡпķʽѰƳ
ֱ񣬲δԸ
Ԩеʬ壬ǧ֮࣬йŻŴɵĴˣбĿܣݳڵĽŮ
Ҳ߳Ƶʥˡ
˭³ûʲô𣬱Ѫɱ֮ʬԨ֮£
һʱ䣬ԨŻѪϢնȾѪɫ
бӦѪֻѡ
ϧӦ֮˵ֻߵ룡
ھսÿһξ֮԰ʬڴˣѪɺӡ
ѪǶԣĶǹŻǿߣȻʲôд
Կ϶Ȼ˵˴Ϊǡ
һɫΨǸѰЩ͸δʥӵɱʥͣһʥǻ˵ã
ǺǣòΪСԨ֮¾۳ʥ
ѪЦ
¶ϲܷѪµĵ̣Ҳֻǰؾȥı۳ʥĻԵ
СӱڴˣעʧؾĻᣬһҲע;۳ʥԵ
˵Ѫ̲סЦ
ڿСӶڴԨ֮£ҵҲ޲ߣͬģʧһ۳ʥĻᣬˣ㹻ˣ
ʥһ˼⣬ΪȻ
ʱɱСӣܽڴ˵أʧһ۳ʥĻᣬͬҲܻ㡣
֪СӿһεǾ۳ʥǸжֲ
ڣһעܷˣ
ʱƣǰʱȥ
Ѫħ磬֮ǡ
䣡
һƥҫ⣬Ѫ±չ֮سƲ㶼ɢŹ
һ죬Ѫƹض´Ҫڽ̣һѪħľǰŻ
Ϊº󣬾ؾͽ٣
Ϣһ֮Ƿڣ׼׵ĸȺ׷׳Ѫ»۶ȥ
Щһֱݷ֮ǣΪľǽؾĻᣬ£Ǽ̣
ֻǣ֮ǰѪµ֪һϢüͷһ壬ü䷺һĨá
һھʥˣֱڶûɱһһŮֱһȺͰ
ĮԼĲ
ҴӾؾʱѪǻûɱһŮͱҲ
˵գѪ´ȥ
һ·ϣһھʥ棬ΪЩѪħľﱣݻ



1521 ֤ʱ
عؾ
Ѿʱˣֻ˼һغʥԸѣֱڻûѹ
СüЩġ
ҲЩ⣬Ƭ̣صģǻۣ϶ᱻһס
ಣ
ԶħѶ
С죬ɱˣ
Сһ
ʱħһԳ紿ĺĥɣصĵ⡣
ϸչʱҲƴСӶ򣬸վ㱻
ԾŽپԲֻһ̤ʥþ˵Ľٶȣ
ʱһμħʱ߲Ų̤㳤پѡ
ɲŶ̶ʱѣŽپԲز
ȽٶȣԿǾף˸ȥˡ
֮ǰұӵгʥֻ̣֮ǽ̾Ѱˡ
СƮȻСͷ
οһȡһ׼۾ʥ޹ǺȵزҲȻ顣
С趼
⻹
ڴʱС裬С죬һĿ뿴Զ
һֱܵѰɢһֻɬز
𣬸ڱɫ񷣬˼һ⣬Եúܷ

СҪ˵ͱֹ
ðĹѰ˿Ҫ֤
֤
֣Скݺһ
ȱܿ
˵ţССһȻŲƵԶŴ
ɢĻɬɱף⣬ʥټҪˡ
䣬ͼԶѰɫȻ֮ɫһɨգһĨµƽȡ
з
ҳʥʱ
䣡
Ÿ˵⣬һ޷ݵĿֲɱȻ١
Сë巢ð̱صľ֮С
С͵չ嶼ڲڣҲ壬Ҫ֧Ųס
̤ʥ裬ҲһһּµΣ١
ԥССٶԶԶܿ
ʲô٣
СȻ
ʣɫ޼ͿšӦȴظܵ˽ٵĴڡ
ȷܺҶû˵˭ھ۳ʥʱήȹͲ˼Ľѡ
Ͼ֮ɫ
֪Уɽ٣ػƣ𣬽٣ɱ¡
ڶɳʥ֮ʱʥ׽٣Сغʹأƾؽѡ
ÿһؽףл֮ܡ
׽һرһظɲ
Ϊ˶ɽ٣׼ౣֶΣҩеȵȣ˶λϹŶΪ
ˣڶɽʱգǾһ
ֱɹɽʱһغ
֪ڶɳʥ֮ʱҲˣֻٵĽϣˡ
ɺȻѰĳʥ֮٣Ƕһ
ûнơûнסҲûо춯صĻƣǰϢʵˣ
⣬ֻΪ˵ˡҳʥʱ֣
Щ˼ʥԸʲôᴥȹֲĽ

ۣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˵һ仰ͼѰϣ类и˺ۣѪʡ
գۣһѪˣ
ˣ
СҪȥȡ
赱סɫȥ͵ƻɽٵж
Сɫò١
ȴԶѰüͷһ£ɫʼնƽ֮ԡѪ˺ȴȻٶ˵һ仰
ģģ
䣡
衢ССǸû͸о¶׻ѪܵòѪ
ǺȻɫ䡣
ٿУѰʴһ
ǽٷ磬ʣȴܴ͸˵꣬˵ľɢ˵־
ǽٻɫ࣬ȴڵ֮ѪƤĤٵ
գۼѣѰһؽľҡҡ׹
ˡ
С۾ˣۿѡ
轫סĽ٣˭ϲã㻹𣿡
ҵ
ȻˣѰٶ
䣡
Сֻǰֱðǣʶ裬ɫ뷢ףһεĿֲݺɳȥ
裬⣡
ǵڵأпѪһɫ䣬⾿ʲô٣ֲ
ûУֻԶԶ붼ܲס
ȽѰܵĴǺεȿ¡
ʵҲˣͼѰԭľĽ壬ֱӾ͹ըΨһ֮⣬ת಻Ϣ
ֻǣһжûн
һ̣ѰǼᶨƽǺٶ쳹
֤ʱ
Ϊᣬ֮ס
ԲΪ£֮
컯Ϊѥ֮㡭
ֻǣŬСǶѰӰ
ֻܸܵÿѰ³һ֣Ŀֲɱپǿһ֡
˺֪ûˣ
Ѱһ֮⣬籩еһƹ⣬˥

ս⡣
һƬް֮С
ѰɽٵͬʱȻӿ֣ɲĲ֮ҷ
ף
һȵ𣬡˵ȡ֮˭ɱ
սǾеĳСʥʱı̫ɣѡ
һϵ쳹
䣬һ͡ԵȻը
ߣսǰڹϷ治ˣ
ˣҵȣҲ֤ôֻ϶֤ͲҲ̤·
Ц
λһ֮棬Ϊִ˲гһգע̤ǿչŵʱ̸֮Ҳ١
һ翰ĵͳ쳹
ʱһʧ
Ƿӿ飬Ҳָ֮ƽҲ֮

Ҳ֪˶ãС衢СǲŽָ֪ǰҰҲ
ǿֲ޷ĽϢѲˡ
ٿܣ̨ͤ¥ȫûκһ˿ƻ
ȷղһжģǶɸղһΡ
أ
͵أСɴ۾г
ѰܣѰټ
ɫҲһ䣬ʶҲҲ޷֪ѰϢͺۼ
ħѷӣŲڵعؾͬѰãҲһ
ѵѵٶˣ
С˿̶һֱĸо˶ˣؿڷƣԺһƬհס
ħĬ
ɫҲ΢΢԰ס
ѰڴѣûŻǿ߾͵ʧȥһʲôȥǿ棿
ˡ
С˻У̱ڵأͻȻоʧȥж־е롣
һֻҪ档
ѰˣСֻһ뷨˶ȥ
ˣ䶼㳳ˡ
ҲڴʱһЦºС


1522 ʥİ
УһʥĹӿ֣󽥽ճһ޳ͦӰ
ڷɢǺЦת貵Ĺ꣬Ʈҷ޳޹Բ֮С
ǣͨغϣơ
СһŤͷҰһϤӰʱԭհסҰʶָ
ۿ죬㡭ˣ㣡
˵ţԲƵģܵѰ򣬳˳ѰĶŷֹȻģʱüЦ㵸
˻ţǹյĽҲûκҼˣ
ϲģѰҲЦˡ
ԱߣɫҲһֻ״̬侲㡭Ѿ̤ʥˣ
Ѱͷҳɹˡ
輴Ѳµɵõȷʱһ󷭹㱡
ɹˡ
ûв뵽ؾУûнκһֲ޽еĽУѰƽٶϣΪʥ
ֲҸղ޷Ϣԭǳѳ;̤ϾʥĴڡңҲ²ⲻɾ͵ľʥҲܲһ㡣
һŰסĵ𾪡
Ѱ룬ζһûüϸᣬȹһ¾硣
˵ţѰϥء
ˣ
ʱԺʱֳһȦԲĹ֣Ȼգ绷ƣɹꡣ
Լ䣬ǹӳֳдԨ񷣬Хˮת̫ѭв֮
һƵĴɢ
ԶԶȥƵģɢʥһָϡ
ʥұѷһ
һ̾
С˷ܵսȭͷȹ̾ҲʱȥЩˣ
Щ֪жٹŻǿ߱ɱʬԱԨ֮С
ңѪʱкεв
Сѱһӵĺ޺ŭ
ֻ˴ңȥѰһ۳ʥĻں;ʥ˶ԿʱͲٹ¾սˡ
ħ
СЦҲôģڴ֮ǰȳһڶɱЩǣ

¡
Ѱڣӿȵѳɱ䣬ӲӴޱȵʥԪ
Ԫ֣ǡ֮⡣
Ԫһĵһ졣
Ԫ꣬ĳʱĵһꡣ
״Ԫĳֳɾ͵ĵһˡ
ԪʹıԴ֮
˵Ψʥߣƿء
ƴ˵һѹɽͣʥǿߣ˵ǿƥ
ʱѰӿڵʥԪ費ͻ֮ͣ࣬ϢһʥΪ֮ɫ͵
Ѱ֮أ۳һΣһĻ춴ƵģϽʥԪ´
ʥеġ춴硱һλʥһĵкͱԴ
ѰĻ춴УһĴָСɽӲӷ⣬Сȴ޸ߴΡͨۻơ
⣬ǡʥֱԴɽӡİأ޵һľ
ԴɽԽۺ񣬴޵ߵĸԽȹ̡
гһգԴɽεض𣬳Ϊſ춴硱ʱ͵ʥʥ۷塣
ѰıԴɽֻĴָСӵͨǵ֮Ρ֮ϣ
ӡĴ̻ľ񣬸ۻƥԴɽڷ⣬Ʈꡣ
֮ʥ֮ӵʥԪ춴磬ӵԴɽǴ˾֮־

ˣѰҲɱ䡣
ǰһΪԪִȥڡδ֮ࡣ
Ԫһ壬ಢãǡ۶ʶУ
ϸȥѰԪֱһ󣬷ϣת⣬ֳبŲĲϣ
ڳ;ʱѰꡢֵ;ҽ̤ۡ
񣬺ôֳ
ŵ˵ֻͬһλʥ˸еѹֺ͵
˵Ԫֱʥ귨ࡱ

ͬΪϣѰҲʥ
ʥ֮ӽ֮塱ħ֮ħһ
ÿһƤĤÿһǣÿһѨϣֳٲϣ
Ѱ壬ųƵǡʥ塱
ֺ͡ʥصľʥ岻ͬһְԾǬѹĴơ
Ǽޡۡĵãһƣ;ʥһ
¥ĥѰˡ塱Ĵڡ
ǽ״֮УӶܹھͶ֮䣬ʹһɴϡ
Ѱ;ʥ壬ԺҪΪĵ壡

ꡣ
־۵;ھ۳ʥ󣬸Ѱɱ֮󣬺ô֮࣬ȫòɹݡ
Ҫ֪һжǽң
Ϊ˼ֵ;Ѱðķ֮Ľ֮ɲ޵ܹᡣ
ֻΪ˶ɡϵ١֪˶ѪŬ
ֻǵջʱˡ
ѰĬȫ֪ȫ±仯ƽ磬ϲޱ
ԣ۳ʥ˳֮¡
οӹŻշת½磬ִ½߱Ѫսս
һУΪ˽񳯳ʥ
ԸڴɣҲΪ˸Ŭ

ѰӴ
ˣǷҪڳȥɱУ
ѵȺһСɴ
Ѱ𣬵żһҪϤһʥսʽ
˵ʱĿ⿴Զ衣
һϮѣãЦҲ֪㾿ж
ȻѲµѰ϶Ϊ֣սд衣
롣
ѰЦ̧ʾ⡣
ৣ
ƾʧһѳѰǰưʥɽХŷ
ųƵѰֱӱɳȥȴԵЩǱ
ӣЦ
ȫɱ䣬ͻȻһӴһֻϣһͷ޷׼ƿӵе
ҿɵץס˴ʱúʰһ٣ԺɾûȱĻˡ
ȻһЦչơ
䣡
磬飬ھʥ˵ʩչ
ȻбģĻعؾֻ¶ܵƻ
ڶԾдͬʱҲָ㣬һЩȫµսϸ֮Ѱ
磬οռŲս
һؼġ
ֻ֪ҪʥƿؿռŲ֮ǣռãѰԣһȫİ
ڷ֮վǱŲ
飡
ûãѰٴαˣӰġ
ֻǣȴͼᶨսڣ
ԶСҲӶȭͷˣΪһ۳ʥˣǧܸܰκһںԾŮˣԺɻ̧ͷ֮գ
ǵ̲ס˸ۣЦһ䣺Ψ²ҵĹӣ


1523 Ԩ
һӺ
ǱѰӵ˷֮ɱѹƣǿܹ⡣
ʱ
ѰѺս˸൱ƽɫ
СЦֺǺǵġ
ЦˣüһƬרע֮ɫ
ѰӦ˳ʥעܱԼѹơ
أЩʣһԼʥ˵ܹѹѰá
֪ȸһ߽࣬аǣܻΪԼˣ
ֻǣһʱʱѳ޷ѹѰѰչķѹ
ҾͲˣ
ҧʩչȫһֻԡӿյȸѸͣںһɱ
ֻǴʱѰѳƿʥͶ֮䣬޲ȻĪİԾƾιҲ޼¡
ֱۼͽѰѹƣȻ
ˣ
˵ʱӰһս
ѰһЦˣֵлָ㡣
ƲƲ죺ʲôָ㣬ֻĥʯѣһκָ㡣
˶٣ֲЦˣһսҿû㣬ֻƽ֣ԺҲٸ㽻ˣҪסܵս
СֹŮˣȻƻ
ѰЦЦ
˵Ĳսκָ㡣
֮ǰ֮Աѹƣԭֻһոճʥδƿھʥȫ
ףԭ˲ֻʥ˽Կƿصһֱƿ˿ռ䷨򡣡
Ѱп
ͷˣԴΪȴȥռ䷨򡣡
˵Ϊʥʱƾռ䷨ԼĶս򡣵ʱһؾͻữһںԼĵ뷨˼顣
ѰͷҲ˵
ʥϣ󾳽磬ֱʥʥʥ
ÿһ磬вͬĴ
ʥʥԪ춴硢Դɽʥĳ׶Ρ
ʥһ֣Σϣ˾Ϊʥеʦ
ʥųơʥ֮һ֮ףƿصĴ͵ǲ˼֮ʥ·;ϵ۷ڡ
ѰԣʥΨһĲͬǣǾʥ;Ҷһģڲͬͬ
ˣǡ
Сڣ˵ʲô
ȻһƵӵعؾ
ˣ
Сһӱף۾ˣЩɱǹŻǧǿߣ
ҲһĿ⿴Ѱ
Ѱɫƽ䣬ǴŻΪֻڴ˰ɡ
һɲƵɱ۽Ƶģʼڣ
ߣ
Ѱתӳعؾ
С죬ˣ
СУɱڡ
ҲʱѪѪˣ
Ӱãɱŷ
ˡ
һӨӨϣȻһɷܻһظģ

Ԩ⡣
ѪüһƬ
ѾˣԨ֮£ٳûκһ˿Ҳһӻ
ǣǰѪ뿪Ѫħ磬ǰؾʱ´ʱ޷ѰһŮɱͱ飡
Ѫɫޱѿ
ǾʥˣȴѪвȣ涼ЩҲסգҲֻס
һȴ޴йѪ޺ơ
Ѫħе򼸺ѱһ򾡣ֱڣԷҲûбȳ
һüȥǺʱɱһԹŮ
ʥˣ̫У
˻ƽħһһλϹ񣬿ᡣ
ΣСѳ״ʧ˽ؾ۳ʥĻᣬҲ㲻
һͷ̵٣Ѫ۵ӣ˵
ʥˣڡ
˵Ѵǧ꣬ѪϴѪħʮȣеʥ˶֪ж٣ѪȲб
ߣλʥˣȴһԹŮɱˣ⻹㲻
һۣղϣͫɺ߿ڣΧŵĿֲħݡ
ħִ֮һͬһλʸϵľʥˡ
˵ô죿
һ뷢ģȴŮ¸
໱һһλʥˣ컯Ҳޱȡ
һʱ䣬һھʥ˽ԳĬ
ѰһֱԨ֮²Ƕ޲ߣıơ
ɺޣ
һ򥻢룬ӰɽĿҧڣɢϢ
ֻҪһԹŮðͷұ֤һŰǣ
һ࣬һӰòŮӣ멵ӣɳƳ
ͿգͿģѪħʮȺ֮һѪħ塣
λʥˣǸھսУҲһɲСκɵ
ڣȴһɫɫԵúѿ
ˣǿɲһֱȺڴˡ
ˣһѱ
ԶһȺѪħǿÿһУǣһȺץĹŻǿߡ
ɱˣȫԨ
Ѫ޺ԥ
һǻŭ޴йҲֻйЩץĹŻǿϡ
ͬʱһ羪ףΪ±ߣҵȾκβǣ
һΣұؽйصѡˡʦͬȫץһһˣ
ʱǻסܣ
壬쳹ؼ䡣
˵ţһӣҪЩץĹŻǿɱԨ
ڴʱһŭӴԨ쳹һȺ飬Ȳ·ˣھͳȫǣ
Ѫһ¶һĨЦɫܣ̲סðͷ
ͬʱ̫Сڡ໱λʥˣԼͬü֮ɫһɨգһĨܡɱȲɫȡ
ѵȴ̫ãҪй
һĿע£ԨУ½ֳѰ衢СħӰ
ˣããã
ѪЦ
ǸѪħǿҲЦ
ѰɫƽĿӳɨЩץĹŻǿߣÿһ϶ֳ̿֡ľŭȵɫᡣ
ҲѪ޵һھʥǺε˷ܺɱ⡣
ԭͲƵĺɱʱɽХӿȫֻΨѰɫƽˡ
˽˶·ŭʱѰ¶κһ˿
Ϊֺ޺ŭѳȫ
һ̣зһһ٣죬֮Уܻ뿪˵أѰԻٵҵ
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䣡
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ѰС
ɱҵȣһ֮䣬ͱ
Ѫ޴ЦѰĻ
ҲЦ
Ǵж֮ǰûԨѱǲһ



1524 
У˷֮أ类һ֮ء
ʥˣӱ³
ʶѰºݻһ֮䱻ѪǲŻоЦ
СҲЦֻȴЦЩʥ֪
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ѪǵЦݶȻ̣ôܣ
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ôģ
ѪǾɲǲǳ©
ôЦˣ
Ѱ磬ɨѪ޵ˣżڽ֮ɫ
ߣ
Ѫħ壬òŮӵͿЦ߳Σʲô޴
˵ʱ͵һչ
䣡
һɴĿѪӿ֣ҡֱ֮ϣ˷Ʋ㶼촷ۡ
ͼһִѪɫͿתһӨѪɫƵģǵƣԾ춯أ˱ܡ
Ѫħǿ߽ԺȻ׷˱ܣǾʥ˵̫ߣ
ɱţͿ̫żˣıȻɱӣҲգҵȱȫ
Ѫ޲ΪȻЦЦ
̫ǿˣ
ЩץĹŻǿߣϳѰݣԭĴһ˿ϣɵĿһĻʱͳ׾
Ⱦʥ˵ƣֱֲޱߣǶбϢо
ѰʲôͶԷ
СһȲɱĵģûж٣ˣҲܲңΪ㼴Űɱ
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һһѹԾƣ

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ۣ
ͿŴ俪һѪܵ˺ۣɼǣֻһͱƶǡ
Ȼʧɫ
۵һ
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գǱ֮޲Ѱչֳ壬Ȼ̤ʥҲֻǸճʥѣǿ
裬Ҳʱʶ֮ǰԨеĶԾд裬ѰԱʵ
ĻԼֻѱѹסˡ
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ȻԴ벻ΪѰܹԨ֮¶ɽٳʥѹ˲ôࡣ
£Ǳ֣̻ɱԷ
䣡
ѪӰ˸ûصѪɫʯһ˴˹ܻͨһƬѪɫ֣ɱ¡
𣡡
һϮµ̫зХ۹ĵһ߳ɫӿ֣˸â
棬ʥۣ֮ܿӡŷܵĵƣܻ
ৣ
֮ƥɫնѰ
ڡ໱ˣҲԻʩչӲͬ
һʱ䣬ɱԲǧ֮أԱɲʥ⣬飬ɽʯľ١ѣ
һھʥ˳֣ǵƣֱһƽٽ٣
ǶѰĵС
ΪһеĹƣȫָѰһˣ
Ѱɫ䣬
ɴݲȣһϵĽ쳹ӳһƬ糱ˮ貽ɭȻܼâ֮ʢҪǬǳն䣬̲ޱȿֲ
Ѩ֮еǧ̫
ֱһڹɱѰ͵һչâ
ƣ
Ѱ³һ֣ǧƵ̫һ˲ĿĹ⣬ضһХ
ǧ̫ɨڽվ۳ʥʱһϷâ



1525 䡢ܷ
¡¡
ضҡ
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ϸصĽɱʱȴһɶ
ÿһɶһǧĳ
䣡
ǧ̫һɶһѪɫʯȫն飬絶жɴ䡣
Ѫ޿ѪӰĶˡ
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һϮ£ε̫Уɫ䣬зƺߣ͵رˣɫס
ǧ̫ɶʱ
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漴ڡ໱λʥˣԷʹУս
νɱʵһ˲˵ĸоǣѰǧһƿ˷У
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Ҳ̫˰ɣ
СĿࡣ
ľʥҲҳĿꡣ
ħҲܼӶʧૡ
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贽һ̣оʣµѰ۳ʥʱȻŹʡ
ɵĿսɢеޱȵľ޺𺳡
⣬Ƕһ˵ľʥ;
̳У¶ѰӰ
תʥ⣬޳޹͸ɢɫϡ
ֻǣ˿ȴ̧֣һڸǵֶ
·ȻЩܵĹŻǿǣ
Ȼ֮ǰһײУѰƿڵɱͬʱֳסЩŻǿߣ֮ꡣ
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˵ѪħУ۵;ӲϾ̤֮۵;Ҳˣֵһɹ
Ȼ쳹ȫҰ
Ѫһɫ粻ޱѿ
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Ѫһ

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ͬʱڡ໱Ҳ֮
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ѪĿҲ𲻶ͬԾѣһɫ
ǶԴһٸ߹Ѱȴû뵽ԾʱѰսԶиǿ
ֻǣףѰѾХ

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һ̵ʩչʥսУλʥΪУ뷨
һֲͬĵűű䡢ָ̫ؼž
սУͼ꣬ϼɣ˳£ǻ
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˿̣ѰŶɱֶΣʥΪĥʯ֮âڶսǧ
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ʥ˲εĶԾɿֲ
ʱ˵ǳپǿߣѰʥڴˣлɢ֮Σգ
¡¡
֮ϣѰһݷܵ䣬¸һʱ䣬ѹλʥ޹â
ʵϣѪǵȷܵѹԽԽľ
Ѱľʥ֮·޾һ㣬һֱһ־˵ٶɱ;
ƾǶǧѰĹ£޲ݿ
ѪɫԽԽأҲԽԽԾ
ȻѰΪĥʯڴ뷨ĪĶսУǸûоܾ
ӣΪλǿ
ƢΪͿշ˻һȺʥ˳֣ȴһ˴ѹ̧ͷŭѵ
ֹͿգսʱѪǶзиܵвͼɵ
Գ֮



1526 黨һָ
Ե˶ԣѰʥӵеʵ̫˼飬졣
ɶѰԣһнָ֮󣬱Ӧ˳µõģ
Ϊǰδ֮۵;ڳپУѰ۵ĵ֮κͬԲλࡣ
ͨؾУƴڰ˹أС֮֮䣬֮
ƴھŹأߵ桱ֻ֮أ٣ãü֮档
߱ѪսУڹ۵ɽǰһ£ٴĴ
ٵ۹ǧŰپʮŲĥУоѱԴͨӵе۾ΪĽָ㣬ƽϵ١
طŻһ·£ں쳾̬ɽи֪֮
ƫԶСǣʯ֮ġ
ڵعؾɱի֮ĥѣɱӶʹľɱ䡭
֮ĥѣʹָ͵֮

һеĥѣһδμĴ
ӭʥٵһ˲Ѱˡ
ʥԸΪɫ֮ʥٶϣһꡢ塢ֵ;ھ۳ʥ
ҳʥʱļģҵ
ʥԸбɰĴڡ
ͬģѰ̤ʥһ˲̤һȫʥȫһĴ֮·
һеĥɱ䡢򡭡һſŵӣЩѰʥ֮

¡¡
ս𶯣ԷΨѰ䣬ؼ䣬ѹȵһھʥ˶̧ͷ
˸ղ˵ʲô
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ڿȹսСһȻھʥг޵Уָտɴ
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ܵѹԽԽǿҪ̧ͷ
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Уһֵɣâɣ嫣ǵƣ׽κһλʥĨ
һеĹһѰͱܻһڴԨû
ǡţ뺣
ƣ
һϮµ̫Уֱƴˡ
ճ죬ͷڷȻ仯˪ѩɫϢڽһǿʢһء
â
貵ĳɫâһͷŶÿͷųһ磬佣֮ͱһء
ɫâʱֱһ貵Ĺ⣬ӳ˼䣬ΧնƳܲסǵȽѹȣȻը
ڳˣëȻ
Ƚոӳ־ƣնʱָкεȿֲɱ
ۣ
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һھĿע¡
߳ɫ棬Ѱָӡ֮䣬ƾξѲá
ܣ
̫۾͹ǺȻ⡣
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޹⣬ͷѩףţһת֣
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Ѫǣëɴ۾
飡
Ѱ߳ɫâָ䱻顢ȻըɲĳɫƵкڤ
ۣ
̫׻͵ؿѪϢһήңһǧɣ˳ֳһҡҡ׹֧Ųסļơ
ôõģҲһ
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ಣ
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͵һɸߴһȭǧضƱǣҵݺ
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Ѫ޷ȡ
ϧδ˵꣬һɫ
ϣѰֻ֮ǰͬǣѰ壬ڵת⡣
͸貾ӨѪƤĤԿÿһͷӲһֵգŵѪҺѭʱɢ޹İĺʮء


1527 ĥɱʥ
Ȼδ𣡡
Ϳͫһɫ䣬ΪҲ̤ʥ
ԶѰͨ巢⣬ĿһĨĵâÿһëףƮž⣬㡣
һĻѪҲһ
ǶѾ۳ʥһ˽Զʤˣ̤ʥҪѺͿ̣
߸УҲֻͿһ̤ʥѡ
۰֮УһǧʥУҲֻʥĴڡ
֮ǰͿƴһεȿֲΪشѰ
ǲ´ˣ
˵һʼʹˣΪֱʱǲʶѰϣͬΪʥ

Ѱû£С˿
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貵ȭŷ˻ĵҪѹǺӡ
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ֻȴǱѰԾʥİʩչ
ͼǬ֮䣬类һȭɲĵѹȵøĿռ䶼Ӳݱ
ã
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ʥˣ֮Ѱһȭʱȴľð֮У

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飡
ײһͿұ۴Ƶ첲Ѫ⣬ըѪģ
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ת˲䣬Ѱȭ
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䣡
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ֻǲҰ׵ɫϢ֤֮ǰܵƺεС
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ӨѩùĶУҷһѤõĹ⣬նչ¶ɱ
ѰΪҲڴ˿̳ױ
Ԫ־־־ִһ˲߶У˷У
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ͼУ˸նɢɱһйƴݿƳ
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ʵԭͱѰһȭøأΪָɱϾǸˣĲ֮
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ԶѪҲļ٣ȴֻţΪǵĹȫ赲
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Ϳʶģ֪ԼҪ֧ŲסˣǰأԲʵ˻
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˽һѱɱģЩУֻһܵסĹ
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СݺݵͷɫȵŰɣҲҪ۳ʥҾ¾츳϶Ҳǰ㣬ɱЩɱ
䣡
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ʵѱ¶ʥֻҪѲ֮ǰǰƴǻῼӶݻ֮
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ͬʱƾΪǿһ޼ɵغֱײ
֮ǰѰδɱʱѹȵЩʥ̧ͷοڣ
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̫ǿˣ
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ۣ
ûãһնһѪܵͷ­
Ϳģս֮һѰ֣ȴѰݿˡ
ҲΪһ֣ڴ˿̱Ѱڵ
ͷ­׷ɰգŭĿԲأŰ㣬ͷʬ壬бըѪɡ
λʥˣ
һ
Ѱͣ˸УĿⶢϷڡ
һϮѪۣʵԺħһһĽɫֶμб
ע⵽ѰĿ⣬һ󷢳𣺡С飬ȥ
һϵѪɫӡڿգӡʮ˷ѪȵͼʬɽѪа׹ɽѪ
Ѫӡ
һʥħаѪȣҲǲ˼ǿ
ƴҲüͷ
ء
Ǭ֮䣬ŭţѪϣһѪɲӰѪӡг
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ѰҲһɱǿߣܼѪȿֲһ
ˡ
һ̣Ѱһֶĥͻ֮
ȥ
̧һף˳ȥ
ֻתһƬѣؼѪ֮һɨգ


1528 
䣡
âǵأɱʱƮĵ
Լ䣬صַӱӳ֡
ÿһ֣ѹɽӣ֮
һ˲ѣѪӡͱѹȵðϣϵаѪ⣬ѩ׷ɢڻ
飡
˾ǣһһֱʥڷڵѪʥһѵĺۼ
۵һⷴɣ͵ؿѪġ

ŭ˻ջرΪʥһ٣ͬĵС
꣡
ڴѹ£Ѫӡֱѿڰձ飬ǿɲѪɫƬնŨѪɫϷ
۵һѪɫһɷޱȣü価պ޷֮⡣
ӵһʥǼѿ̵һ£ѪӡǱڸ˲֪Ѫ
ڣһѣûüͱ飬׻ٵܲŭ
ĶڵѪ
УҲһ󾪺ƶû뵽ѰĴ˿ֲ
һ֪Ѱʥɱȣ
ɿһ֮䣬ͻٵڵıʥ
ѰҲǷһ
ʥʱӵɱʥ֮ɶôʱֻܷӳһСܡ
ͬˣԾʥ֮ƿʱô˱¶
Ƿɽһ̫ͬ죬˸
С飡Ҫ
ŭ뷢׷񣬳Ѱɱ
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С˷ܣüɫ衣
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һһҲǴǻŭѣʶ˴Σպأ嶼׹ߡ
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˵ǣֱڣǵĶֺ𣬰Ȼ
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ͬʱԪϣʥ귨ƿضУɱһӶݵĺ໱
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ԭܼ򵥣ʹһ鹭ӵоʥ֮Ѱ¶֮ܣ
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ת˲ѣѽٴΣ췭ظ޹⣬ɲķ⡢Ӱϯ˷
䣡
͵أ໱һ󷽸ֳһԽӲӵһԾ޴ļϵһҧɱ
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춯صײУѰʥ귨౻΢΢һΣҲס޹
һ̾ӵȫµɱ䣬վûܳɱΪʥҲޡ
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໱ɫ䣬ִС
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ˡ
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ЦΪβң
Ѱ䡣
ϣٶ֮
ѰҲûء
һ


1529 ǧﲻҵɱ
Ѫ֮ĵڶʥɰ֮쳹ʱں輤ɱĲһ
ˣ
໱Ҳˣ
ɫҵͷǷľ
һߣأλʥˣһսȥעҪս
ǴӾսȥн磬ҲעҪɣ
Ͼλʥ䰡
ҲʶԼ³˴עҪڽӡ
һ뵽⣬ͻȻ٣־жҡ֮ơ
µˣԼѿϣ
䣡
棬ľת䣬ԥɱﵣȫ
޳棬Ͷ֮䣬棬ǿᣬչ¶ƥ֮ơ
ԶѰţʶעҪꡣ
ˣ
СɫǰҲ۳ʥ
СҲɹ˸Ѱѷ裬Ҳǡ
ѰЦЦкβɣ˴ξսػΪı۳ʥ֮
Ŀ⿴ЩµĹŻǿߡ
ŮʥˣҲгپߣֻ嶼ȾѪڣ
ɫ䣬ҲֳȡĽɫ
֮ǰѰһɱս޵֮ˣǼ֡
þˣ
Ψһ뷨ζѰĿעʱԼͬзߵףмĳ嶯
Ѱһ仰ѹסĵĳ嶯
ҹŻ֮վŻ˴ѰǣҲϣԺǹŻǿʱܹվ
һ仰˽Ժݺݵͷļ
ԺսѰڣŻӪһѩǰ֮ܵϣ
С죬ǰعؾˣ뿪Ѫħʱһߡ
ѰԸ
Ѫħ磬ѪħĴӪټĽǵ˵Ӱ
ƾЩŻǿ״һ뿪Լıܻѡ
Ѱɱ¾ھսÿʱÿ̶ᷢɼȻˣûвȵĵ
ģҲֻôˡ
ħȥһڹŻǿһ𣬽Ԩ֮¡
ѰĿ¿ս

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ǰķˣҲ踺ˣòأָܻܿ
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ͷܲµȴЩҿ϶Ѫħ磬һѪʥˣȻҲڣ㡭ɱʲôʱѡ뿪
ãɱǵϳô
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һ仰͵һ󣬴ԴҲ뵽Ѱ˵
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ü
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ݣѰҲ̲סЦ
ʵѰ˵ɣɵɱǻѪħǿߵġ֮ǡʱΣվ˵˵ǰ򵥣
ֻѰйͷ֮ŭܼþա
Ͼսſʱ䣬ԺеǻɱУؼһʱ
ˣսƷѾɨϡ
ԶСӹ˵Щɶ֮ҵ׻ǺܺʵģʥʮˣһЩ伮ҩġһı
˵ţﱦݸѰ
Ѱһ㣬ͽһ衣
սƷ
軹ҪƴǣͱѰԲݾܾ̬ȰסɣҲ㻼빲ջԵŶԡ
գֻ¡
ǰʱѰ޽Ҳ̸ʲô顣
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ˡ
ħأѶ
ˣѰٳɣ衢ССһ𣬳Զɭȥ
ҪҪѪħ磡
ֻѪ޵˶ѣѰԣ
ˣʱУһһɱѪħǿߣһ㣬ͶԨС
Ҳˣʱ򣬽ΪԸԼвȣѡ񿶿λŻж
Ѫħǿߣһ߸ϣΪƾ׸衢̤׸
˵Ѫޣ̣
ѰֻѪѪɱʹ죬ɱȺе̸ɫ䡣
жɱУɱв顣
ǧﲻҵɱУ

ǧ֮أԻĿꡣ
Ѱλʥ˵һսԭڸսһѪħǿҲսϯ¡
ʶʱֲɭеѪħǿߣ˺¡
˺£Ϊ˴Ķ
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ɭǿľ
ǰλʥ˼٣ɭеһԨΧǿ߶ڴһ
ڽգȴ콵쳹һλһλʥɭ
˵ɭ˹գ˿ȷ̫ˣ˵᲻Ѫ޴ǡˣ
ܣ
ѰС飬Ŀλʥ˵Ķ֣

β룬󶼺ȷһ㣬ȻѪΣգҲԲѰġ
Ϊ䣡
һֻŻɿ˵ʥˣ
ףǡ
ǸС飡
ţ
Ȼ˿ԶһȻӰһϮ°ɫڱϢ
ԭȻֹ
ڳһѪħǿߣ۾д֣һţѪ޴ǡ
һ̣ЩѪħǿһ
һ屬飬ҽС
ѰɫϲžҲĲͣһΣֱǰС
һѪɱ¾ʹ˴ɭӶ


1530 һ·ɱȥֺη
һֻĴָС۵ĺħſ֦ҶϣǡÿѰǳֵһĻ
䵱һѪħǿϢͱɱһĻʱֻħ侪öг
ŻСţζţղʥɰ֮Ѫ޴ʱ
ˡ
У뽫Ϣȥ
ֻħʶ̬ء
ֻǣʱͼһߵӢС˲֪ʱǰ
һ壬ֱ͹Ż칷Щһ
ϣ
Сνâһħ䱻ն鵱

ɭ̫ˣʱľܷλʥˣܿһһѶ
ڣʥ֮Ѫ޴ǡصޣ
ȷ̫ˣֻΪ˲ɱһŻ򣬿ƫƫֳô飬ֱ
һȺѪħǿڵ̸ÿɫЩɲ
ܸоqqɭһֲֿϢǻ
Ҫ뿪
飬ʱһͬ
ɵ׼жʱĿȻһֻԼĪƴСĥɣͨĺ
ǣ
һֻ
һеһޡ
ֻһ̣ɫ䡣
ħһĳ򣬸УȻֳһеĿռѷ죬Ƕ¡
ۣ
һ̣ɺѪˮըıڳд˷ӳ֡
Ѫȡ
ħʧʱֻһѵĲ֫ϱۡѪˡ

ˣɭ϶˴ʣ
һȺǿ߻һλʥǰһ硣
λʥһۣڲɫȣɭ
죬˵ٴıʣҲѪ޴˵λʥ˿ţǻʲôţ
ǣղǡߵʥ֮쳹񷡭˼ѵ̿ˮ
һüֻɺϣѵΪʥǰ׹ģ޶ۣ

ɺ˵ˣ㲻ɺϣ
һ峺ö
˭
ӱȣĿٿȻԶ
ͼһԡѤûеĴԼӰӺqqɭһϮѣ˿٣ӷʥĹ
һӣɫڱˣǸλʥ׷ɱŮˣ

ǲǸоɺϣϧʱɺϾζ
赭Ȼڡ
ʱƬУһƬʢĻԸǡ
գۼ䣬ǧ֮أԷٻһգ
λʥԼߵһǿߣ޲˻ҽʧ

һĻĻԾ˵ٶɭš
Сħ裬ж̫ĺ޺ŭ
񣬽ʵжб
ʱƣĲҽǺǵѪȡ̵ֻľȻӴܵӰɭвϷ
һɱ¾ΪѪȻչ
ֲɭеǿߣδʥĳپΪֻʥˣҲֻͨʥ
ѰǶԣûκвԣòһ߹ݡ


Ӱ
죬췢Ԯ
Ĵ𣬶Ȼֹʧ
ټɭ֣绯һѪ׳
ֻѪħǿѰǣڴ˿̻һĹ֡
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ûʴȣûûһ˿ĳɡ
ʨ¹˭
һʱжٵĹŻǿߣɱѪħĸУ
аʥˣͷ­קš
ݾĽŮ衢áܣЩأԲⱿЦ
Щ衢޺Ѫᣬ˭޶ã
ɱ
ѰٲĶ֣СĵˣҲ顣
һ㣬ɱԨеĹŻǿߣѲ֪ж٣
ЩԵѰ

һɭ⡣
СɫȴأԲ˷ܣеʹ죡ұжԵ̽ɱУɱ췭ظضɽҡ
ħӶδƵĵϧɭзֲĶ̫٣ɱ
һ㣬ټɭֱɨһ飬ǡͥɨѨ֮һڣ
Сħ̲ޡ
Сˣ˽һѪµϢ
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ಣ
СһλʥʶС
Ѱ֮ԹעѪ£ΪԷֹǡڤ˾֮һѪħȨգͳԦǿߣʥ˶ҲֻĺȨ졣
ܽ˻ɱԤؿԸѪħɳޱȵĴ
ûãСӳλʥ˵ѱĨڳС
ˣǰѪѾѪħеľһھʥ˵Ļ£ǰλھս֮صĹŻĽ磬ĿҪؾ۳ʥ
Сɿ˵㣬ֻ¶ھؾɱһʱעزѪħ硣
Ѱһ˼
˽⣬ؾٺΨгŽپľʸУʱһ¡
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ܵģѰȻЩ־Լ˰ɣ
ЦʱƣȫΪС
ˣҪɱȥ˵ϳ
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Ѱ˵ͷΨһϧǣѪ²ڣĻܹץס˴λὫ׵͸ˡ
˵⣬ԸСһ·ѼһЩڻ֮ǵϢ֪֪ˣܰս
СЦղѾϼһлȡһЩϢ
˵ţ˽⵽һһг
֮ǣλѪħ缫֮أռǧ˰ﷶΧ
ѪħǿߵĴӪѪħǿƣʥʥһ
˴β뵽սеѪħǿߣڰʮңд󲿷δʥǿߡ
Ҳһʥ
Ѱʱ򣬻֮ڻ۵ǿ߲࣬ʮڵǿߣԷֲѪħ粻ͬнפԴ˵طпַ
ڻ֮ǵǿߣԼĪʮң
ʮ֮ڣѪħľ
һ֮Уһھʥ򣬽ѿˡ
ǰѪ´һھ뿪ҲһʥˣҲζţһʱУ֮ǵһ֡
ȻվѪħĴӪ۵ֲ֮Գ
˽ЩδѰɱȥͷҪչж
ôһ·ɱȥ
̲סʵ
һ·ɱȥֺη
Ѱƽȴһβס硣
һΣҪѪħЩ˶һĽѵ


1531 ̽
ãһ⡣
һһĨȻ
ܷ񣬻ˣϲһðա
Ѱһ
ս˭ռžƣֹǿƣڶࡣ
ң콾Ůʥһľ
ؼǣоʥ
һ㣬ǹŻӪԶԶ޷ġ
ʶӾսڣŲʱѣѪħУ֪жٹŻǿܵɱ
ΪΣ
ף̫ˡ
ͬҲսУعԼʥߵ
ѰǾʥе׿ӵͬ޵еķɡ
ֻҪڣŻӪпᡢѪȵľսɱУӵתƣһϴǰܵϣ
Ѱ˴ξɱѪħӪľٶԵúܷ
侲һĻƾѰӵеƣѪħУܹѹסмˣ
ߣ
ûٵ飬һ˳
ŲƵѪħʱѰ˽⵽֮λɭֱԼĪ·;

ããؼ䡣
һȺѪħǿѲѰ
Ѫ´ѲˣѪħУֵ򣬶ѱɱ
ǰһŮһ涼Ҳ
ٺ٣˵һЩӵʥΪĹŻŮˣֻҪɫȥģѱ˻֮ǣЩŪζ
ЩŻǿ߱˴˽̸š
ףǿ
Ȼָϵ
̧ͷͿһѤõ磬ϻ
ԮֻǡôࣿɭǱ߾ʲô
˽Դһ
Ѫħĵ̣ڣôԮ϶Ƿ˴£
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ߵʥ֮쳹Ѫ޴˵λʥѣ
Ѫ´ɱĹŻǿѰ裬ɱɭ֣
˽⵽ЩЩǿ߻һ䡣
ʱѪħУѰҲѸٴ
ΪһǹŻǿеһ̤ʥĿɲڡ
˵һŮǹŻӪǱߵĺĴڡ
Ϊ˻ɱˣʱѪħг˲֪ȥѪ޵λʥ˵жֵ÷з
˭ΪһŮлĻᡣ
ڣȴľϢ
⡭ôܣ
Щǿɫòš
ͬʱ
ɢѪħ粻ͬѪħǿߣҲһԮ磬֡
Ѫ޴ˣⲻܣ
һԹŮɱɭ֣ǼϢɣ
죡ȥһ飡
һʱ䣬֪жٻȻԾѪħһȻ󲨡
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һִٵڵʤ¥ھŲ쳹
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λʥٷɿ죬ЩϢһһ˵
꣬̽һһƬɣȻλʥѣܣȻ֮ǰҲ׷ɱò𣿡
λʥҲһĿɬֻһϢ˵ֵţɴĶϢУ˵£ֻ¡м١
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ǰѪ´һھʥ˵Ļ£뿪Ѫħ硣
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ΪѪ޵λʥ˳֣ѪħϣɱһŮ׾ٵ顣
룬ȴһʣ
ϣѪħУƿشȨһɣ
λʥ˽
ߣʲôţһѣȻǴɭɱʲôˣ
̽ߣɫ価ǰȻѪħ磬ǵĵֻ̣ǳһЩѣҵŲɣ
˵һ߷ֲѪħеĸǿߣȫץһŮΣӳѪħ磡
Դϣɱ졣
ǣ
λħһǿߣȥ
Ѫ𡭡
У̽һ
ʼգûѰǻɱ֮ǣʶΪѰǼȻƱػѡڵһʱѪħ硣
ԭܼ򵥣֮ǿѪħĴӪ
˵Ѫ뿪ʱһھʥˣڻ֮еľʥˣнʮ
ˣһʥԼƵĳپߡ
£˭ɵ
οѪħ粻ͬıشפڶѪħĴ
ͬʥ
˵ѪħУ̽Ϊսĸ˸ҵ쵽ǵϳҰ
̽˼ǣѪǾûУˣζ
ܹؼ
Ͼλʥ䣬޷ѪħӪ˽ǣͬѾһСĴˡ
֪ȲŻ󣬼Ѫħڵİ֮䣬ͬһѪܵĲп
ʱƴ̺ʵʱ
񣬾սſʱ䣬Ѫħλʥ䣬ɲʲôͷ
ڱ̽˼ʱͬҲʶؽѪǵѰ軮ֿ
ΪһŮҲܰ쵽һ
ټϸղŴϢ̫ԣҲ뵽ԵѰѾ۳ʥ
ܿ죬λȥĺħһʥ˾ʹҴҷأһΣɫԵúܹŹ֣һֹģ
ôֻˣ
̽ü
ǰϢ˵˵
λʥ˵ɫŹˡ
˵ʲô
̽ܲãʥˣôȴһµģֱȡ
λʥһ˵Ϣ˵Ѱһڳǻ֮ɱ

̽ɫʱҲޱȹ죬͵һЦʧķ˲ɣӽˮˣ
λʥҲ֣Цķ˲Ŷԡ
̽룬һ˵˵ҲǻһʱӶݣȻǾͳô˻ᣬֱ·
λʥ˵ͷҲģǾʥˣǷҪǰһЩ׼
̽һ÷ħ塢ƽħһľʥ˳֣˵Ѫޡ̫еһŮйأڣҸһֱĻᣡ



1532 һ·Ѫ
ŸոմɭֳѰǾһȺѪħǿߡ
ڵӣǽӵԮ󣬳ɭָæġ
Ѱ֣衢Сħһת˲ͽԷȫ
ǰ󲻹䣡
ѰǰУһ·ѪħǿԽԽ࣬Ⱥӣ˷Х
ȫǰУȻûסѰǡ
ѰûС
һΣȴһ·ɱ֮ǣȻͲóֵĵԽԽá
һʱ䣬Ѱǰе·;ϣһѪħǿ߱ոÿαʮϰ˱
ѰֵĻᣬΪЩУǿҲֻѰʥڡ
λʥУֵһɹ
һѰһˡ
Ͼ̽һԼķ͹Ż˼һԺи
Ѱ̤һ·Ѫȣһ·򱱶ȥ
ɱ¾Ҳסܿ죬ںħǿ߱˴˴Ϣ֮£Ѱһ·ʹ鿪
ԭ಻״ѪħǿߣڰѰǡ
Ϣ˽⵽һ·ѰеǿĿѪħǿ߶оԾˡ
оʥ˴·һ·ݿ࣬޿ƥа㣬˭ҳǰ
ǰǰ󣬶ʮѪħǿɥǧ֮ڣиʥ˲εĴڣ
Ѫ֣ܵҲϢĴʼɢ֪ٵľͻȻ
ǵĵ̣һԹŮȴڴ˴ɱ䣬Ѫħ𣿡
ʲôʱ򣬹ŻҲ۸ͷˣ
˷ŭ
죡򻤵֮Ԯ޾ʥ˳֣ƾǸסԷ
Ҳ˽٣
Ҫǰ֮ǣô𣿡
Ҳ˾ɲѰǰеķ򣬾ֱָλڱĻ֮Ƕȥ
ѪȷУѰһ·ǰУ˿ûͣ١
ʱѣѪɱһ

һɽС
ιŻǳ˼ݽɫ
һֱӡŻͼڣ뷢׵˵ŵɫʥ
ɣ򣬳һʥġ
ߣʮɣǿߡ
ɣλа֮һûгɨƽŻ֮ǰ֮ǿ֮䣬
Լ׳ɵĹء
һ֮ԳѪħ磬ҲѰһڽսʱŲƵ
ѰһһŮǵȷݵģһ·ɱѪħʧЩˡ
Ц
ǲЩʧ̸ϲأѪħӪƤë˲
ĵȻҪסԸֵģЩСɫǾʥˣ
һת۶ϣѰ衭עɡϧ˹Ż򣬺ò׳һƾ޵ȴǰ㣬ҪѪħ䡣
ԣЩɣǿ߶ΪȻЦ
Ż
սԣûйŻķݣ
˵˻ⱨӦ
͵أһӰƾո֣һϮ°ɫɫƽˮѰ
ȻһȻɫѣԶɣ򣬺Ѫħһġ
һۣѰ͸һֿɲޱȵѹȸоһֱĴʶԥŵ̬
ңѴжϳǰ˱ȻǸѰĹŻɡ
˾ûˣѰ̬ȲԾʱüɫƵղ͵˵
İҪ㡣
ɵֹʱ
飡
ǿֱ֮ӱе̱ڵأûѰγֵġ
Ҷ֣
˴ŭ
ļˣһ֪̾޷ͣ͵ȳ
䣡
ұһӣɲĻϼӿǵء
ɵѰǰ˲ͱϨ
㾹ҲѾ۳ʥˣ
һ£ʶڣԭֹ裬ѰѾ۳ʥ
ɣΣ˵ǺѪħЩĶһԿɹൽɱһС
˵գѰתȥ
屬飬ɲĵĥ𣬶ЩɣǿߣҲһ
һ⣡
һһǿߣһ·ѰҲ˲٣һ⣬ɱ
޹򡢱ڤɷ򡢾ȡ
ҲС
ѰԣľǹŻ֮ǿߣǵˣ
ǰǿζԴŻǿߵģڣѰҪһһ

ɱһȺˣѰֻ·ϵһС
ûãϣǰС
һ·ϣûκ˼ôֱɱ˹ȥһ·ȷѪꡣ
ʱھ뻤֮ǧ֮صһѩɽС
λӻ֮߳ľʥˣѵȺڴˡ
˵Ѫ߸ʥˣûܻɱǸŮˣɼŮ˵ҲС
һλӲӣŷܽɫƬڡ
ܱƣƽħһʥˡ
ҲôѰ·ֻ˵Ů˷ˣЧ·ɶ˻֮١
ԱߣһŵĻӵȻڣһɺ˸Ĺ
⣡
ħʥˣѪ޵壬һλʥڵľۺˡ
ˣһƤʯţ뷢ʲݵӣɫĮϥأһԲ
ңһ໱ĵֳ
֪໱Ѷһʱѡ֣
˵ѪǾôģǱɱģ
ܱ̲סʡ
ɭգǰҲûзʥ飬οƾһˣλʥ˵Ķ֣
ˣ֮ǰʱɲ㱻ɱ
ɫѪ޵Ҳеʹ֮
̸ʱʱʱϢԶ
ãѰѳڡѪɽءפǵʮλʥȫɱ
ѳǧ֮⣡
ڳ߿
ûãϢ⡢ܱƽ̸ֹͣ뽫Ŀ⿴ԶƲסɱӿ֡
ؼ䣬ԭķѩǿɲɱɢоʵķǺ
ˣ
أɺһĨâʶǵذɢ
ɶ˻𣬾͵Է٣Ҳò˵һ䣬Ůˡ
ܱޱ
ϢأԭڴĺңҲӵ
ʯ徹ɸߣһεضɽƵģ޾ѹ֮С
Ŀ⿴ԶĮȻ
Ҫ
Ҵ³ĸ֣ÿһ֣ԳɭȻɱ
ǵȻһŮɿܻлĻ᣿
ܱƿڡ
ʼգ̸۵ĶǸλɱ裬ûߵѰ
ΪǵڣѰ۳ʥ顣
裬ΪϢص
СħҪѰӡ
ټϣѰһ·ϼٳ֣дϢУûôᵽ˭ţûǰؾԵѰܾͬ۳ʥ


1533 âչ¶ʱ
Ƭѩɽǧ֮⣬ǻ֮ǡ
Ρʵĳͷϣħϱֶ̽Զ
һǧǾʥʶԸ֪еĴΡ
һŮˣȴЧ·ɶ˻֮٣һ·ѪȣֱָǵĴӪ˵޴أɼΣ
̽ૡ
ԱߣλʥˣԶЦ
˵ŮڴɭѺûеһʱѡѪħ룬ö֮س֮ɱʱҲһ㶡
ϣ˲֮ˣ
ϾǵĴӪڴ˵ľʥ˾ʮλ֮࣬˭
һŮʥȻǴôֻ֤һ£Ĳˡ
ԴϷʣе٩
ҲҪһɲŶԣҿûܽܣ̿һһΪʲôˡ
зĹ⡣
һľʥˣֳһȣһϮۣΡ

ѪħʮȺ֮һʥˡ
ԣ¶Ź֮ɫ
˭ΪʥΪһ֡˫޲ɲ;Ϊ̰ɫ
Ⲣɫǽɲܹ֮۳ʥҲһɫħɱȡ
ϲˣԼõġ
Ȼֶ衣
λᣬϧ񣬿ɶԴˣҲִݻľ򡣡
Ц
Խ̸ʱ̽һĨâ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڳ¥ϵʥˣ׷׽ʶɢ˹ȥ

ѩɽӡ
⡢ܱơ˸һǣƷƣبصıϣĪ֮ơ
εɱ֮糱ˮɢҰؾţɱ
ʥһŭʬѪƯ֣
£ڴˣɢϢԽκοʥȫĨ
ԶԶأѰӰֶһϮ°ɫڱѩУͥŲ
ţ
һǱΪȻڵһʱ֣룬ȴѰټˡ
ôСȴܳˣ
֮ǳ¥ϣ̽һھʥҲü
֮ǰһеķǽڸλɱһϣֱӽѰԡ
ƫƫأǺԵĽɫȳˡ
ȻֻһСС⣬ܿ죬ǾͱѰһֵ
һϮѣӰԼ޳ڰɫѩУ˿ƮҷݷʥĹٳ

һ֮ɫŴǣΣһҪɱ˿һһļƷ󰡡
˶Ц
̽ȴЩüɫݡƽɸһɶ˻޴֮
ǰĪʲộ
̽ȻҡͷǧﷶΧ֮أѪħĴӪڡ
ȻԷ̣Ҳѻʯûʲô
ͬʱλʥ˵ĿҲѰŲƿϡ
Ůֵӵıɱ
ؼ䣬ѹˣǺķֹˡ
һɱԼѰʽĽɫ
ЦŴǶ֪Ѿ۳ʥʵҵҲţѪ޵ˣʵǱɱ
ǰߵѰڵǸãһ·ǧ֮أһ·ϣССɱϣûҶٳֵĻᣬڣҲֵܸϳˡ
贽һ̣սپ
Ѱǧ֮⣬һЩ϶ڹսԵһϲŶԡ
ͷǾôˡ
˽̸ʱһѩɽۣ֮ǧ⣬ɽͷ
˴˵Ŀӣһɿɲײըװ㣬ȻŰ쳹
һʱ䣬زɽҡΣѩٱϯ¡
䣡
ͬʱӰһӳһϮƮ裬֮µȸ
һ䡣
޾糤ӣǵضٻǧɽѩ
֣
ıУ⡢ܱơҲ֮һ죬ʥ
ϣ
һѪɫսһնɽ续Ȼһն
ˡ
ܱƴһ£һ߲ʰ쵵ķɽӳزùоϬ֮âӶȥ
䣡
ҵĹԵҲͣɸߵȼսɫԣһݣת
ұ֮ӶһȭŷʮһƵĺǡ޶Ĵġ
ûκηϻڱ˴Եһɲ䣬ս
ã
֮ǳǽϣ˸̾
̽Ҳͷʥ˶Ծѣֱ֮ƣͥɨѨ֮
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䣡
սУת˲䣬ͱλʥΧһɽ֮ݡ飬ɲɨƽ
еĿ⣬һϣ¶ɭȻ֮⡣
⣬Ѷ
ѰʽУӣĺһĨɱһš
ϣڸǵĿɲϢѹʮĻɽȻ
䣡
ʢĵ⣬Ʋƣɽʮ
ţ
սУɫ΢䣬ʶأֳһʶȥ
⡭
ͷϣ̽ȾʥҲһŲעǳʢĵط
ʱѰѳ֡
ڷƮ貳ʢĹ⸲ǣһֳԨĴգƣϯȫ
һ˷ң췭ظ֮ơ
ã
ɫһ䣬ʶһ
֮ǰǶͷĿ꣬ѰԣΪδʥֵһɹ
ڣǲ֪Ѿ۳ʥ
ֲ޿֣ԭˣ
ͷϣ̽ԣâˣѻȻ׹Ϊһ·ɱ
ԭѰ̣
̽ߣһھʥҲ㵣дֲ֮С
ûнؾû۳ʥϰˣ۳ʥˣ
ܣ
ⷢͻȻǶһ
սУзʣɱ¾Ӵ˿̿ʼ
ʼһǶѻָ
ΪʥˣǶս֮ḻľ֮ȹ̣ԶѰɱȡ
֮ǰ֮⣬Ҳ޷ǲѰΪʥѣΪͿԴһֲǾʹشˣ
ʱѰѶ֡
䣡
Ѱһ֣ŲʱգһѸͶ⣬ò˼顣
ৣ
ǧ̫ϣܻ󣬳⸲Ƕȥ
ѰУֱѸֶƿأͬһʱɱ
ȻԷһϲѰɿ֣
ͼսУȻңϯܼ޿ײ룬ݺύƥ
ԣ
ɫ䣬ľðѰһͷųϢ֮С
ȻԷѰľʥˣ
뵽⣬



1534 һ
룬Ӷսȫ
飡
ϬĽ䣬ÿһɱ֮ѪڱѪ
ʲô˿£
ɫȻһ˲ǧٽɱͬģҲˡ
ɲǣ˷ĽХ

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¡
ݺύ֯ĽĻڱһӣսǧٿףղȻը顣
ɻⷴӦһתɬɵıɱ
ϢɱǬɽ֮

⳹ɫ䣬ܣһʵ˻УӲ飬ĩѪⶼʢı
ʽʱȻ
ת˲һУ֮ʥ
һӣȫһš
Ժ輤սܱơҽԶһɫ䣬òʧ
֮ǰǶԵѰ˭һϣֹһӳһʥˣս˿ֲ
⡭
ǧ֮⣬¥֮ϣ̽ҲȻһɴ۾
⣬һλħϹֱѪ޶߳һͷսھʥУҲƵһ
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Сǿ
𾪡
Ӧⱻһֲ˭뵽Сص֮
ɫ

䣡
սУһɱ⣬ѰӰշתִͣɱܱơ
Ӱתȵ⣬ħ񣬾ͶɢϢѹ
ܱɫãХɱ

ִѰ³ѵһܱƼһ߲ʰ쵵ķɽݺҷɳȥ
֮ǧ̫Ƕ£ûܱƵ壬֮죬֮Ե˸˼䣡
ͬսе裬Ҳݺһѡ
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ΪսپҲãΪ˸ԷһϲҲգʱѰ¶
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ʱλʥ˲ſִﳡУۼֿ죬ͱŽһѪȡ

Ѱڣɫת⣬ʢͻͣһͷ֮ϣ
Ȼսɣг֮ѹİԾ֮
ɫò
ֱڣһԽܵĸо
ʮɱλʥȥ˭ţ
˭ָţսһվ۳ʥõˣ
̫˼
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Ѱ̹ȻͷҲм
Ƕ޷ˡ
Ȼģ
ζţڣʮλʥ˱ɱ
ʥ˿ɲǴײˣУǧʥУҲֻȼʥˡ
ɽһ䣬ȴʮλʥ˱ʧɾ̫ˣ
ǿԲЩ·;ϾͱѰɱĸǿߣҲѰеʥ
ȴ޷ںЩʥ
Ϊսԣɾʥף
ʵǶˣѰеֻоˣǸǱɱ
ЩѲҪ
ҪǣʶΪѰҺ޼ɣһ·Ѫȷ磬ìͷָǵϳˡ
ԭѰϣ
ǲǺ⣬ܾϲ
ѰɨһھʥˣЦڡ
ǶУȴһĿѣһɱǡ
ʲôʱѪħұˣ
ûУ
С飬Ѫħ磬Ϊƾһ֮һУΪ
һϹɫɭȻ
ӵ
һն
Ҫ
һһ׷׿ڣԴǻŭͺ⣬Ϣ֮ӿⷽǬ밧ҡ
ֻǣѰȴƻȻȻ߸ҲǷãΧǰͿԲ
һ仰Ե֮磡
ǧ֮ĳ¥ϣ̽ɫ΢䣬ȴ
Ѿһ



1535 ƶ
䣡
ڻʱѰѺȻѨУǧ̫ӳܻ
ϣ
зգɱ졣
ѰͷƮĿ⣬渡ֳһɬµĴ֡
־Ϊһ˲䱻Ѱȫʩչ
֮ղŻɱʱȫͬø£ǿƣҲĲ
һϣ
ȣӶеȡ
¾ǣѸ˱ܣ򣬾ͻᱻѰʧȥȻ뱻С
¡
սɲǼת޹⡣
һѩɽɲĲɨƽӴĨ
ۿɼڻ֮ǰǧ֮أܵɲĳعѿһĿĵĹ֡
ϣѤñתкɲޱȵħӰ֣з缤н糱еѩҫ衣
˿̣ؾ
ľʥսǵȻ֮Ѱ
ʱֲڻ֮еѪħǿ߶׷׳գңң
˺£
ʲô˸ǻ֮Ұ
Ǿʥ֮ĶԾ
˭㵨죬òͷˣ
֮УȻ𣬽ԶޱȲ졣
ܿ죬Ǿ˽⵽˾ǸѪɱѰһʱ䣬ˡ
Ǽһﾹɾʥˣ
Ĳ
ֱ˼飬ѪµһھǰǾؾ۳ʥĻԵ
Ѱڱɭе£һԾɾʥˣ̫š
֮ǰʥ֮쳹񷣬òᡭѰİɣ
Ҳв˺Ȼɲ
һʱ䣬ټĻ֮ڣĿⶼ˼Զһս
ɶʲôʱ򣬹Ż򶼸ɱӪǰҫˣ
ɱϣʬҳǰЧȣ
ǸŮˣҲԲܷŹ˭ǰƣȫ
֪ٷŭ쳹ÿ˵ɫдԼ޷εı
Żоһ䡢ƶ֮أŻǿ߸ƾ׸
ڣһֻɱϳǰÿ˶оһֳ衣
ڿʼκ˲Գǣ
ǽϣ̽ڡ
Ŀ⿴սҲӿ˵ĳС
ΪĵĹŻǿɱϳǰ֮УɴӲ
ټʥˣǰһϣ׼ɱУ
һ̽ٶ´һҧгݣһΣҪһԹŮȫ
һ룬޷Է£ѪǷʱθ룿
һսϢǿߵĶУָοѪħ

䣡
սУذϢ⣬ʥڿգѹͷеգУɱ𵴣绡ز֮
λʥһ֣ǵƣֱҪƷƬǬⷽɽӣ
Ǹ磬һټǳضת˲䱻ĨһգɵĻԳĿֲ
ʱ֮Ѱѷɱȡ
Χ£ɫΨɱУս
ƣ
ڣƥԨǡӵ
ƾʲôʥͨѰǰӰһ㣬Աûһա
¡
λʥɫ䣬Χ֮ƱһȻĪĿֲݺƿ嶼Ķˡ
Ѱ֮أʮһнԻޣ
˻
Ѱֻ̬ǻ֮Щǿߣ̽סˣɫã巢ֹ
⡭⻹𣿡
һЩ˼УоǾ
ǿ
ȻһЩʶ㣬˲֪µϹжݺһ
Ÿ̤ʥӵ޵аƣֱ֪Ƕ۾
˱ܵս⣬Դǲ岻֣ǵԼΪѰ׸
û˱ȻǱλʥΧҲκβѰοǰˣ
עһͽͣ
ɱ
һ뷢Ũܣ׵Ļߣһ׵޴ȻѰȥ
¡¡ɲɫ׵磬ӿٲܼʥк¡

Ѱһָ̽͵סƾ˵ϵ޴
һƥʥɽӺѰһָȴǵ޷
ŶǳɳѪɫƴ߶ͽ͡
Ѱָһ߬͵ؽϵ޴ֺݺҳ
һϵ޴ѰҳʱȻһء
һ߱ÿѪɡ
ͬʱλʥɱ
Χίʵ̫ˣÿһͨǵֳ֮˶мܲס
ѰȴԵôݲȣɫһƬȻ
̧֣͵ؽУָۣһȭͷմ
¡
Уɢʢ貵Ľɫ⣬ɲӿȭУջһ貳ʢĹֳһѹ˻ģ޼᲻ݵĿɲơ
·ڴȭǰ޿赲
˲䣬˷ɽ飬١
λʥ˵֣ٶȱ俪һ׻ܣѰƲɵȭѺХȵǻǰ
飡
˻죬תֿȴ۵ûʲô
ȭɨʱһ˲ըѪ׷ɡ
꣬ʢȭ
һȭλʥˣɱߣ
ǵ޼᲻ݵİԵû֮ǹս˶ɵۣӲ
ĸ
ѰȻʱѵһ˸ֹȥ
ϣĿѪⷭһʥɰ֮Ʈ
ʣµλʥˣѾŭɵʱﻢ£òȫֿ
󷽣ǵϳв֪Ŀڹעˣ
һˣⱲӶע̧ͷ
ӫ⣡
˻ն
и
һͨкѰ
ۺεȹԱѰݿ
Ӱת⣬ֱ򷨲֣
ৣ
һ̣ŰУѰһСǰ
Ȼһз˻˫ֽһһһʮնȻӿֶ
ʮ֣һһһһףֳһֲֹɱϢһ֣գֽ㱻˺ѳһʮѷ죬ԶĿġ
ɣǴ֮ɱﵣ

ֻǣԼѰȴ벻Ƶģһȭջ¡
䣡
ʮն˲ըѰȭҲ߽⣬ͱЮȭеĴȴɱ¡
˲䣬ͽһĻסȫ飬Ҳͷ­ʼֱ飬籬ѷ
ԶԶȥֽĵƵģ״ҡ
һλʥ䣡
һ̣ѲǵǾ壬εѡ
Χ޼£ԷһһƣƶУ


1536 ɱ
Զ֮УһƬš
ɫ̣ɴ۾ԲƵġ
ԤУʥΧѰעɣʶ֮ǰ׷׽ҪѰúѿ
ɽȴȫˣ
̽ߣ˿ѻ˲پʥˣɵѰɱѪֶʱҲһ󷢺
Ѱλʥ˵ΧɱУʹͬԴֶԸǣ
ҲԿһֱԵˣո̤ʥãѾԶԶ֮ϣ
ߣ
񱩺ȡ
ѲԸսȥ
ΨѰ棬Ż˵սжֲ
ӵ𣿡
Դӳ·ϡ
һ˲䣬ɫ䡣
֮ǰڳͷʱ²ԼĿܣвɲ
ڣͷֻŭ޲ǰʧ

Ѱٶ
һȭ죬貵ȭըƿֲ˼¡
飡
棬һʥ˱õɳȥ;оһ顢ѿͷ­
һĻ̼̲סУ̽Ⱦżȣ
ŭ˻쳹
ǧ֮ĳͷϣ̽ɫ粻͵һҧֵҲˣ׿񣬷Ѱɱȣڣ˭Ըǰһս
ʮλʥˣɴʱһ˸
ˣǺ˭עѰĶ֣Ҳûʲô
ˣ
̽뷢ŭţѪħӪȾԷһֻŵˣȥѪħ飿
һ֣
顣
Ҳã
˽һҧͷӦ
̽ԣһսӮ
Ѱ뿪Ѫħ򣬷ΪսеһЦɣ
ಣಣಣ
һ磬˸Ųƣӻ֮ǣǧ֮ս
ٶ֮죬ס
Ѱβԣ
һѡ
һ˲ʮžʥ˵Ϣڳ߿ٿĺ
ԣѰڵ裬˵ԶһսҵҪԣܷסң
Ȼ˭ΨĴǡ
һ
ԭʧѻָ򶨣ЦˣӲˣ
޵
ԳɾʥӲǱ
ڣҪй
ɾڴʱѰ
߸
ɫ䣬̧ۿȥͼһƬɲĹӿ֣Ǭϣһλʥ˵Ӱǡ
һ˲ɢ
ѰѽĿ⳯ңң
񾪵ͷƤ飬ʶԶԶܿ
Ѱû׷Ŀ⿴裺ҡ
Լ֣ȴ𶯣һΪ󣡡
˵գӰһΣԶԶ˿
ʱʮλʥˣѷŮ٣Ϣޱȿֲޱߡ
սУһȺװľͷǽҪͷ
ڣΪ˶ԸѰһˣЩʥһ
ʮλͷΧǰ
ɱ綳ᣬǧ֮أɫ䣬Ƽ
֮УĿע
ͷϣ̽һֻɫޱȡ
֮ǰ̶̲һյʱ䣬½λʥ˱ɱֱ޷̡
Ѫ»ʱ֪ЩϢǷŭ

սУѰ䣬һǣȴǿʢˡ
С飬עҪ
ɫɭȻоǺ⡣
˭˵ʥŭ
ΪԽߣԽĲΪ㹻󣬹ʶ޾޼ɣ
߸УУҲС
ѰȻЩɲУ
񣡡
˱ȡ
ѰĿ⿴ȥһ뷢ѩߣڽɸҵ
ɫһһ仰˵
Ѱ̲סЦһȺǶʲôв𣿻˵вⱵʱ޷˶ڰˣ
һھʥɫ
ȷԵúܶԸһˣȴǲòȺǳӮˣҲעʲôʵ顣
Ҳֻˣ
Ѱ֮ǰչֵսǽľĿܸһһǰ֮Ծ
Ҳûʲô
ٺϻְɡ
ȡ
ԣѰЦ죺գҾȺϹ
䣡
ȳ
ֻһֺ֮ǰͬѺޱתز
ɱ
棬һھʥҲ
䣡
ըȹģĶսսУǿһ
֮У֪жǿǰһʹ궼¶ֲϢѹֵÿҪϢ
ɲֱð亹
ֱ̱أ졣
еֱʶӦͲٹսΨܵҡ
ڳͷϣ̽ŹעɫҲ
ͬʱԶ裬ҲӨ׵ϹһĨβסĽš
һսע֮ǰȫһʮλʥһǵƣеں;塣
ϾͬΪʥˣѰڴ˾г޵УԷϵƣҪã
Ѱ
ܷɱΧ

ؼ䣬ܣʢԽ֯ѤõıϼŰķ籩ʮء
ȶԾֲ̫ˣ
ÿһλʥˣƿػ֮ӵǿԷɽ󺣵ʥ
ǲȱս飬ȱֶΣȱѪԺͺݾ
һһض֣ĿѰһˣǵƣκ˶е
һʱ̣Ѱѹ
ƾŲתƣȻܵԴԴϵĺ˵ɱУԱЩ׽⡣
ûã뱻С
ðڵһھʥˣԶһ˶ڴ˿֣
ߣӲ屻Χɵʮλʥ˵ΧʱԵò
ǵĹƽѸͣٸѰκһ˿ϢĻᡣ
ѰǿĿã뿪ǶԺǷлὫԷУ
һΣɱӣ
һ̣ǽԷݡ



1537 ΩΩһ
һŻȴɱǴӪֵ췭ظһھʥˡ
ȳѪܲ
ɱɱɱɱ
Щʥ˶ɱۣɱʮɽӡ
ܾãѰͷâȫѹƣ
һ
Ĳ
һ̾ףѰ۳ʥսʥУվʱǳ㡣
ĻЩ϶ɿѹס
֮Уһ󼤶Ļ
Ѱ֮ǰչ¶ǿֶΣ𾪡ĺţ޷ܡ
ڣѰѹסܲܣϲ
ͺñȣһͷȴбһּεڴС
ͷϣ̽ҲһѶעѷɣ

򣡡
һ𣬳һɫƵĴꪣͷ¡
ѵһԵֿѰ⧲֮£˳סӰ
ն
һ࣬һŮץסᣬ֮ɫѵȴܾãԥնһ
ɫһ䡣
飡
Ѱ󣬸ֳһͷޣ֣ʥϢͶԷһӲ
¡
ĺУѰ͵һٳܲס׹գ빵С
ã˲δѡ
ǣĸҪ£һھʥץסᣬ֣
ЩɶһȺ˲֪µϹսޱ֮ḻÿһ춯أֲޱߡ
Ѱʧǿ˫ʮλʥ˵ΧɱҲƺЩ֧Ųסˡ
󣬸ǱÿѪ
һֶ߬ӣҧƶԾһųУƴ׼
Ѱ
ֻҪڣŻӪӵھսһѩǰܵϣ

ʱʮΪʥѲȥ׷º֡
ʱؼâӿתƥʥǵذ㣬Ҫض
ȿֲĲû֮ɫ䣬Ǳ̽ݡ
ɱһԲ԰׵ѰŭЦзһХ

һ̣һɺʢƥϢϳ
ĳɱ䣬ǾʥΪȴڽڱǣʮؼ䡣
Բǧ֮أһ縩׳Ƴ
һְֻ
䣡
һڹĵ糱ˮкıȫ͵һ٣ʮɽ赲
󣬺Ȼը
ؼ䣬ɣϼתң֪жپͬһʱ
ѰӰ̤Χɱ֣֮ŤתǬһɨ֮ǰѹƵƣ
ĵ꣬ѰƮƣƻã˵ľ񣬾ȫϡ
ǣвɺ֮ơ
ǧհǡһλ׸׳Ƴ
һ̣սĿɿڴ
ѽȴһ˲ת̫ͻȻ˭Ҳûϵ
ѰϢת䣬

ͷϣ̽ɫ
֮ǰΪսĻĻȴбʷһ
ظһ˳ϣҲԣױѹģ
սУʮλʥ˵ɫҲ粻ʱ֮Ѱһ̥Ƶɱ֮С
š
Ǿʥᷢصת䣿
ҵʥ֮ڴ˿̿ʼ
Ѱૡ
΢Уڻζ
֮ǰսУһ־۵;ͷţĵ뷨Ҳȫʩչ
һֱѹ֣ѪɱУȴһƿһȫµĴš
⣬͵йأ
ǧΪΨԼķ֮С
ǰʱѰ˼⣬վ̫ģпˮ¡
ҲڴսУˣԼġôӺδ֡
Ǿһ¯뷨һ
򷨹ڴᷨóʱ
˵㣬ҲѰףڴ˾޵Уص޵з
ղתƵһƣѰһ򡰷һ֮ǿѰе⡣
Ȼ㲻˵㣬ѰҲתƵֶΣֻʱ¶ͨĵơ
ɱ

ѰϢı仯ǶеƲˡ
ֻǣ˿̵Ѱѷ֮ǰɱȡ
͸ˣشһƬ綼һ
͸ףǰֻһա
ʱսʱѰĹֶΣѺ֮ǰȫһ
ৣ
ǧ̫ӳÿһӡľ޲غʹ塢ꡢΪϣһ֡ȻɣΩΩһϡ
¡
һ˲㹥Աãã顢ƵһЩòܡ
ˣ
ѰЦ
ǰ־۵;˴˶ܹӦϵվϡ
ڣʱֵ;ѿʼںϣֱ˴ˣȴǣ
һΩΩһ
޵зҲڴ˶ɣ
ɱ
Щʥɫȫһ
֮ǰʱѰȵѹסһգۣת֮ܽܣ
գնϹ֮
ͬʱѰҲȻ
һ֮󣬾һţӿͷǿҵӡ֤
ϣ
ӳŭնһ죬ɱãã嫣ϯ
ǵ֮ǿ˺ֹһ



1538 ޵
䣡
ײУһ˲ɫĴꪣӲɳȥ
ꪵ׻ݺݵɣѪ
Ϊں֮
漴Ѱһȭȭã͵ϮɱһŮӺǻݣļУıˡ
⣬Ϊꡢ֮ܣ
һʱ䣬ѰһˣУȫڶսС
Ӱ硢ãХؼ䣬ݺأ޿赲޷֮ǰǰ㱻ѹơ
Ϊĳ棬Χ֮ƴң
ŭ졢ŵĽ֮˷ЩʥһƵı飬ɫѿ
ôܣ
ǴԴ벻ףΪλˡ
ɺޣ
ͷϣ̽ҧгݣ޵öͷ
ڻ֮Уԭڴ˷ܵҲ֮ȻֹɡȻ֮ɫȡ
ʮλʥ˰ɱһŻ
ΨЦ
ѿѰսԾ˵ٶɱ䣬ԽԽǿԽԽɲ
ڰ˸
أѰǺ
䣡
䣬ǰһʥ˱Ϊ룬ѿֱӱɲĵɨΪҽ
У
һԾսһľʥˡ
ϸһ㣬֮ǰѰе⡢ܱơҵˣȷǵ߸ǿߡ
ϣϤʥ֮ٶ쳹
̽ɫ㱣ˡôΪʲô
֮Уɫѿʥ֮һǼĶ⣬ݺݳǵϣǸе衢ŭ
սУ˵ɫѴķŭء֮ɫ
˭Ҵ⡣
·ܵĴ̼Ƶģÿһʼƴһѧȫʩչ
ڰ˸
Ѱٶ
飡
ֳִꪵӣǧ̫Ӳɱ廯ĩֻܷһʵĲҽС
ò˶ɫ䡣
֮УһƬţڳͷı̽ɫˮһԲ
ھŸ
ûã䣬ŮӣѰԴɱѪա
ӰѪȵķΧؼ䣬ǺЩѡ
Բʣ
˵ɱ۾ŭģķˣҲ񱩡
Ѱʼգһģ
Ӱ˸սУͶ֮䣬ͷųѹǬɱơ
ɱ¾ĽУԽԽ࣬ڡһΩΩһҲԽԽ
ȴңȴأȴƬս
һеĹһʶľٶһеĳֳһȻȻȻɵϡ
սУһһʥ˷
еģɱ
еģɱ
еģѰȭ顣
ҽ˻ʵļŨѪȺϢһͿĨһʥ
ֲΪı
ϣѪתǧʥɰ֮þò쳹ʮء
֮УһƬš
ͷϣ̽˫ĿʧԺհף˫ֶƲסز
һս̫Ѫȡ̫пᣡ
ÿһλʥˣѪħӪһشɥޱȵĳ
Ѫħ磡
ѪħĴӪ
ȴйŻһˣڴ˾ʥˣѪȣ
ƥ̬Ծƣֱ˾
裬Ҳû뵽һѰսתز
ѰһһʥӰҵľɣҲܵĳ
֪Ⱳֻ¶ע޷ȴһĻ
սУоʥ˳ܲסȴ̶ֻӣȴڰ;ͱѰɱ
Ҳ˻𣬴ǻŭ𣺡̽ѣ
еı̽˸͵ѹ
ſսУֻʣλʥڿ֧š
ʮһλʥˣѷ
ֻ̽Ժ˵һǰһѣ⡭ôܣ
ʮλʥˣȴֻʣˣ
̫
Ա̽ľܲסǰһ󷢺ڣĶڲ⾹һɡ
̽ȣ
ŭ˻𣬴սٶ쳹̽һ¡
͵һܡ
⻤֮лʮλʥ򣬿ɡȥԮһô죿
Ļʧɾˣ
ңЩ˺Լһ򻤵֮ǣһѰɱô죿
һʱ䣬̽ǽǾᣬѹòѪ
ȫǷеĹŻڴ˴ξ֮оðһˣ˭ţ
µǣԷһ˶ѣѪħһ·ɱ޾ȷѪꡣ
񣬸ڻ֮ǰһǧ֮أɱһھʥ˶мܣ˭ָţ
ӣ
ӣ
أս쳹һ˻
ͼʣµλʥˣһֻ̻̣˷Ӵܶȥ类˵
ţ
Ѱֵĸѣ̧ĹˣͼټսУֻʥӴܡ
ÿ϶дŭ̿֡е򻤵֮ǣеֱԶ
̻ɥ֮Ȯ
ӵ𣿡
Ѱһкطһ˲ȫͷš
Զ졣
޳ն
ű䡣
ű
̫
ɲǼѣãָķâ׾ȭ֮䡣
УѰڷƮã绯Ψһ֮ףһ˲ﵽ۷塣
飡
⣬ձɲָ飬һλʥ˲ҽĵ
ۣ
ѩããķâ£һλʥ˱նס
ˣһλλʥˣ½ɱըѪ
˻
Զ赹
նʥɱ׸Ҳˣ
ѵѰմ˾޵֮
ڻ֮ǣһƬţѻȸ
Ǳ̽㱣ʧૣôܣôܡ
̽ȻҪǱɱ
ʣһѳ嵽˻֮ǰ࣬Ŀѣŭ˼¡
ҡ
̽Ҫ˵ʲô
ڴʱһʸȻ䴩ݺݶ˳ǽϡ
̽ûð
ԶѰֳһſŰ׹͵鹭գħ
Уһھʥ˾ټ񷶼ĿѪɫʥɰ֮쳹һƬ
ۻˣҰããĿ֪꣬ɽƽ֪ٺϣǴĿĵĹѷ졣
ء
ķؼХȴ㳡еɱѪ֮
һս⡢ܱơ˵ֱ񣬹ʮλʥ˱ɱ
ÿһսװѪħԵĺ
ڣȫ
ңǵϳǰѪħǿߵĿע£
һеģֻѰһˡ
һˣ޵Уȫ


1539 ѿմ
֮У˻бֲû⻹˿ֲľʥˣ
̽һڽʣµľʥҲڣƽ
Ѫħ磬ǵĵ̣ȴѰڴһھʥˣѪȣѲǵܴǰ򵥡
ʧԶҡѪħھսеĸ
ˡ
ͷϣо
̽͵̧ͷͼԶһӰ̤նӰתĳʢ⣬Ѳ߮䡣
Ѱ
ѵ롭
̽͵ػһɴ飬Ҫɱǻ֮ǣ
̫
Ѱɱ뻤֮ǣѪħ棬ײڽ£̧ͷ
ԺȥԣΪһЦ
죡׼ʥ󣡡
̽˻
Աһھʥ˶ԥչжвͬгȥ
ھսÿһ֮ǣʹһĸ֮أغ
ԶѰ̤ܿ죬Ű֮ء
ڱ΢΢̧ףӴʶϯת˲䣬ͽټĳǳظǡ
ǽΡʣǧ֮أۻ롣
ѰУȴѪȺͲб
ǽϣŨѪɫԿ۹Ǻǽڣ飬֮
Ѱǰսʱ˽⵽һЩ顣
սУĻ֮ǣÿһɹŻ͵ѪǴɣ
޷Ϣ䵱ϣΪǳأҫ͵ʤ
ԭѰţڣԸⲻģ
۰׹ǡ߲Ѫɫɵ֮ݣֶΣֹǲбֱɥ
ѰҲ߹ʬɽѪɱˣɵһĻʱ͵һ޷Ƶŭ
ˡ
أһĲټĳǳɢֱ
ͼܵĵͼ糱ˮ㣬ǳתֳһ˵Ŀֲ
ʥ
Ѱ΢Уϸꡣ
üͷһ壬˳иǵĽܸӣǧһ𣬻һȻɵĴͽ
ƳѰԣûа취ȴҪķʱ䣬ңܽ󳹵ײ
Ȼ֮ѪħصأѱɭϵĽ
С飬Ϊβǰˣ
أͷ֮ϣ̽ɫȡ
˿̣ѻָ򶨣ΪʥתȻǾʥӲҲػᱻ
Цһ·ѪɱҲ赲϶ҽӶˣ
֪ʱҲԼıġ
̽ɫһͣɫҪǣҲ̤У
Ҳһ䣬ټѪħ磬˸ҳһս

̽ŭЦǾͽɣѪǻǵڣ
赭Ȼһ䣬˭ҳһս
ٿȻ쳹񷣬֮ǣڳеѪħǿ
һʱ䣬˽Ī裬ޱȡ
˶ԼҴǰζ̫ĥˡ
˭ǡ
Ǳ̽ʱ򶼱ס࣬ݶҧ顣

ȷܶˣ
ɱϳǰȴֻܹţֱѪħ涼ˡ
ɱ̽ðȻж
ʵǱѰɱõˡ
ҲֻϣѪǾ緵أܾѰһϴ衣
ѰһֱڳĬ
ãһסķڵɱһһٵʱұǣ
˵գתȥ
һӣ֪Ӯ֮ǰһδսѰУʹ죡
ԭ򣬾ͳɹŻ˵ʬѪɵĳǳϡ
Ѱˡ
ûлͷ
ǵһͷͿƲסĵɱ
費֪ʱ˳ǣ¾һգ
ˡ
һֱѰǵӰʧ̽һΣʧȥǣʧǡ
һսѪħν㣬涪
֪̽ѪǷʱȥ͡

ããؼ䣬Ѱ貢С
Ѱû°ɣ
·ϣѰһֱڳĬЩġ
ѰڵɱһȺѣҸˣһѪսһЩİء
һ̲סʵĲЩǡ
ѰЦˣ򣺡ǵȷҺɻӰҵľ
˶٣οսſʱ䣬ԺҳҪһ̤֮ƣ
Уͬʱ˵ҪǣҪЩ˵ѪǴߣΪ
˿Ǿͺãȥ
ѰԥȥعؾһˣȻ뿪Ѫħ磬ǰŻĽ硣
ŻĽ磿
һ
ҹŻĵ̣ȻＫѱռݣվǵĵطܲջأ
ѰȻңҲҪһ֮ǣҹŻǿһɹ֮ء
һ
ǣͰùǧ䣬ºʿ㻶ʲô
Һһ𣡡
żᶨ
ѰЦӭ֮

ɭ
Ѱһ·˳أûκ赲
ħ£ǽعؾ迪ʼȥټЩĹŻǿߡ
ѰߵһӨӨǰ

ֻǿȥ֦Ҷ͵һǱһ
ѰһһѡҪôߣҪôԶֿ㡣
ž˿
ϣ
Ѱ׹ǵ
һ£˶ϸֳһɷ۶ɵдŭ
ͬʱһɷŭĴѰ쳹ϴ㲻˵Ժı𣿡
Ѱ׹ǵ˼ȻӵԺǻۣôҪҪǸһߣ
Ÿով۳ʥ͸ô󣬻ңСӣ𣿡
Ц
Ѱһ׹ǵٴӳ֡
ʱˣеСӣôв˼ңѿմ۶ûݣ



1540 ս
ѿմۣ
ѰһüĿɨĵعؾаѵһλ۵ֱʣ
һǲ㱻ħȡʥ޹Ǻܹɱһλ׼۲εĿֲģȷֻе۾ܹ쵽ˡ
µĲ˵أѿմΪɱͷʥޣںʱ䴳ڴʮ֮ãȥ
Ѱһһλ۱ڴˣ
ѵ֪սطѹʥϵдڣ
ѰŶһŻȻ˵˵
̾²ף꣬ҺѿմһУ飬۳£εȷ⣬ɲ䱻˵أѿմ뿪ʱԭǴһģڹҲֻһ뿪
˶٣Ȼѿմ뿪ʱӦԺ϶ߵġ
ѰЦſںߣɱҲ
һѣȴҽźһλһ֣Ծں
ŭ㲻ţ
Ѱ÷ϻֱӵϰɣҪҪһߣ
Ĭˣò˵ң޷ΪԴԴʥҿԴӦ㣬ӦѰһֱ
ʲô
Ϣ
ԣѰһϣֱʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ϢǴ˵еıѰϾûȹ屦ˡ
ˣȱ£ûлϢɫҲԡ
æ
Ѱޱ飬ȴײس鴤һ£ɫǿǻбԴֻвѰٵ
УˣһǻɳУǾ̫һˮΣеĻҿɾû취ˡ
߶߶ġ
ѰĻشܼ򵥣׹ǵʼһ
ѴУУˣ

һҡΣٿȻ֮䣬һӨӨ֦ƮŹޱȵĵ⣬ޱȡ
ֻǣأԲƵģе۶ûݣҼסˣ
ѰģԺлᣬұ֤ѰٵҪı
˵ģɲϴƭˡ
µ
ѰֱӶ˴
ʱѾЩŻǿһУ
ףأ
ѰЦˣȻһЩȴǼʥĺñԺҪҲҡ
Ȼԭˡ
ǰѰ⴦ؾһ顣
ɱիԪ¥ͤһ¥Ƽ򵥣ʵд
ϧǣǿֻ䴥ܽһĥͿ顣
Ժ󣬵Ҫϸһλѿմ۾Ǻεһλˡ
Ѱૡ
ûе飬ڵ죬˴Сħһ뿪⴦عؾ

Ҳڵ죬ѰѪɱϢ쫷㣬ɨѪħ硣
һʱ䣬פѪħ޲𶯣Ȼ󲨡
һˣһ·Ѫɱڻ֮ǰɱһھʥˣ
һˣΧһǣ
ǰξ֮ʲôʱѪȿɲ飿
ѪħǿѿǣһеģһԹŻˡ
һֻ򰡣ɱʮλʥˣ
˵һˣͶס˻֮ǣ˸֮Ծ⡭ܰ
裡ĳ裡
Ȼ
ϢίʵھˣҲסֱϢԾ˵ٶȣѪħɢ
޽硢硢硢ڤ硭սһУÿһ֮̾أܿ춼֪Ϣ
ѰһŻˣɱѪħ綯
ⲻܰɣ
ǿߵĵһӦš
֪Żãǿ߷У˭ţһûѾõ磬һˣ
ģ֤ѰֹѾ۳ʥǰ򵥣ңսͬѰĿһ˾ʮλʥˣ
˵ѰѾ߱͡ڤ˾ĵ̣
һ飬Ѱһ
ھս
Ѫսʵ̫ˣ˭޷ע
ͬʱѰ׺ݺᣬҲǿľһ˾ɱѪħ绤֮ǰȵ˸Ӧսεȿ£
Ѫħһֻгôһֱ˶ˡ
Һ֪Ѫ֪£θ롣
һΣѪħȷ棬ѰҲڳװѪħˣԺעҪ֣֮ܵ
Ҳֻ
֮ˣԹŻԡ
̤ƽŻ֮ǰ֮ͬԡ
֮һ仰նŻģߵͣ
ɶԷֲھսͬĹŻǿ߶ԣ֪ЩϢʱһӦ
ѰѾΪʥ
˾
̫ˣվǳͷˣ
˼ӯ
̶̲ʱ䣬ЩֲھսͬеĹŻǿߣ֪ɱ˶١
У޲Ϊչɨʱϴɱֵģ˭Ӳһ
ֲֿΧ£֪ٹŻǿѿʼ
ڣѰһԾѪħѪȷ磬һˣѹһǣ
β˼ܣ
ʹ죡Ҿ֪ѰʧģսУֻҪڣǹŻϣ
˴С
ʦ֣ѰΪʥɱõ˵
Ҳ˿޺档
ЩսڱѪɱ֪ٵĹŻǿ߶ȥҲעһĵϢ˱롣
֮ѰսһսƣнμסѰ֣

ŻĽ硣
λھս֮ء
ԭⱾӦڹŻĵ̣ǰξ֮ҰܺѳΪݵһ
ξսŻӪǿ߽󣬵һʱͻѡԶŻĽ硣
һǺƾŻԱȣ̫
һΪ̫ΣգᱻǿһΧɱ
ԹŻǿ߶ԣΨȴؼġ
ѰִŻĽʱʮ
һ·ϣ̫ƽߵУǳȺӳûڡ
ѰʱȫĨ
·;ϣѰѵ֪ϢؾѾĻ
һ۳ʥĻԵУһھУʮ֮һң̤ʥ
֣ɿƴĿġ
ϧǣѰ˽⵽Ϣࡣ
Ψһǣڤ˾İλڴ˴Ϊʥˣ
ףǹŻ̫ˣԵҲᱻ赲ѹƣûжȥ
Ѱһ̾
ʱһƬޱȵĺɫ֮ϡ


1541 
ڶξ֮ʱŻӪĴҪڸʱ򡭡һʥ˶ûУ۹ŻǿߵģԻᱻɱո
Ѱ̾һЦţһξ֮ǹŻעԽԽã
Ѱͷ⵹ȷ棬ϾǰУͺķѪΪ׼һǰδеĴõҵҲӵ̤ʥĻᡣ
һξ֮עǰһ
̸ʱھ˲Զһս
Сħһ֣ںһȺǿɱսҡ
ΪУλʥ˴ӡ
Сһĵʵˣ֣δʥܹʥ˽ˡ
Ŀ⿴ȥҶɣ̤ʥǻһ̬
̬
ѰȻһᣬһħᣬ츳ѪɶƵϿ˸ܹӵսҲɣ
ЦȻˣʲôʱΪѰپ۳ʥ
Ѱ룬ֻ»Ҫȴһʱ䣬Ҽǵһ󣬻һơؾС֣ʱһСһǰΪǱݻ
Ԫؾ
˲
ԣؾͬήŻĽ硣
ѰͷʱҹŻֻ֮Ҫӵо۳ʥܵģҶһѣΪǻ
ŹʣҲӦԪؾһ٣Ʊͬᱻϡ
ѰȻһЦȴĹӿѰӦӦ
һôоڴǵʱǰ
ѰĴָ̾ĸо׼ڹŻĽؽ֮ǣ϶ҪһǲϣҾãеʬǺѪͺܺʡ
ڿЦȴ𶯲ѣʶѰܵѪħ绤֮ǵĴ̼ҪѪѪ
ʱҰһ޲ϡ
ᶨ
ٺò
ѰЦ
˵ţһӣ¡һϯǲԶƬս
ʱںСǼɱһˣ˲ʬڵأ
ССѸۡ
ϾǺλʥɱûʥܹսѾǼΪס
ң˵ǣսлһλʥϮɱ
ѰĳʱǡôټսȥСעҪ֧Ųס
ĥ֮ǰѰֻ֣Сǽ֣֮мѡ
СС죬Ǹˡ
Ѱк
ˣȥģ
СӹѰ򡣶ħСļӳȤ
ַ֮
Ѱ
ڵһξ֮ʱŻĽһ֮ǵģȴǿһ֣׻ٵ
ֱڶξ֮Ҳ޽ڰ;ֱ̤ơ
ѰǰŻĽ磬ǴڷַУؽڹŻӪĻ֮ǣ
ȻǾһƴޱȵḶֻ́Ƕǽһǰ򵥡
ҪлʥԼĲϡ
һǲϣ͵סκһλʥ˵Ĵ
ߣ
ûе飬Ѱһ·
һ·ɱѴ̽ŻĽĻַ֮λһƬС
Ѱһ·ߵĲ˳
Ѫħ磬ĹŻĽУɼ˵ټ
ӹŻĽΪ֮أԣΧɱŻǿߣһҪϾɱļơ
նŻģߵͣ
仰ɲֻ˵˵ǰ򵥡
쿴һԹŮҴҡڵǲ֪
һʱŻĽ粻֪ɨ˶ٱ飬û뵽©֮㣡
ɱ
ԶһȺǿ֣߳λʥӣڣɱ졣
ÿһˣ޿֣Ų֮ɫ
ǹŻĽ磬ǹŻӪ
ڣǹŻǿڱɨЩУȴһ˵ļơ
ЩϿУ
䡣
̫ֻܳ䵱߽ϡ
ѰɫĮ
붯֣һ˲ֱλ
һ䡣
֮нԷʬڵأ
޺޵ǻг䵱ǲϵļֵ罫Ǵң
Ժỹܶ࣬һʱ
ѰһӣЩʬѪˮװһר׼ġϴС
һ·ǰУһ·ɱһ·Ѫȡ
յ蹦
üΪֱڣûһʥˣ
Ѱ룬С֣ȡеļ䣬ܿ˽⵽һЩ顣
ԭšؾĻԭֲڹŻĽеһھʥˣ䵱˻ĽɫԼӪǿߣԼϳ
ڹŻĽİУǳپߺһѰʥ
ҲһЩʥûȥԳ֣ץŻЩ
԰жԣնŻģ̤ŻҪľȽŻľȫĨ
һ͵ڻٵ˹ŻĵĹؼ
˽Щ֮費ŭЦúݵֶΣǹŻһԺȻк
ţ
ȻѰһģһֶɢĲ

̤սĵһ죬ѰóͼԾѡϸ򡢰³ǻϡ
ֻǣʱŲѪħ磬ҲʧȥӦ
ڣڲ仯
Ѱһʱжϳһǧ֮أϸͰ³Ϣһ֣
ɵѰͼԶͶԷϵʱЩ¶Ĳʱͳȥʧ
Ǽ鷳ˡ
Ѱüͷһ塣
ߣһȥ
轫һпУȻѰڵĵʲô
ã
ѰҲٷϻֱӸı·ȥ
ңһ·Ѱȫٳ޵顣
һЩУڶԷûüӦʱͱɱɴ䡣
ֻǺܿ죬Ѱһǰ·ϣھʥ˵Ϣ
ף
һƬƵɳĮشɫɳǣŴĿĹ⡣
ʱɳĮشһһԺɫſɲѪɫĽӣȻ̧ͷѰǿϢ
λʥˡѵĵҲѶҪȥɱǸ껵ľʥˣ
Ӳ졣
һƬɳĮѱطʥ˻УһһЩʥ˳
ĿģΧɱһ껵ĹŻ
ԣ
ɫ䣬ѰϢڹŻ
껵ģ
һŷһɱ𣬼ơ
УһѪɫϷŹĵƲ
ǴѶҲһƷ̨Ԥ֮ֻ跢ܱ˽⵽߷
Ѱһȫٶδھʥ˵Ϣýһ˲жϳԣдѶ


1542 ۵
ػţɷ壬һλʥˡ
Եһ˲ԥҪеĴѶ
ৣ
ԾǣӰδִһѸնɱƥĽ⣬նһΪ
ǿ
ػһ˲鴫Ѷ𣬺ԥͽŲƣܵһࡣ
䣡
ԭλã翪һǧɳĹ֣ʯ촷۱顣
ʲôʱ򣬹Żӿֳһʥˣ
ػ˸âԾѣղһ֮еһִ̹ǵΣա
ֻǣ룬֮УһХݺύز磬ɱ
ÿһɱɽӣӵǬ֮
ػɫ䣬ԥ;Ӷݡ
Էֹλʥǰ򵥣ս֮£Ӳ

ɾػŸһתһĮڶ쳹
ˣ
֮ģһǺӰĶУǷʳʥϢͺ纣ͻ
⡭
ػžͷƤ飬͵ط𣬽ȫ֮תͼĽϣ͵ӿֳ׵ƣ財
УгһѪɫݺݳȥ
飡
һ˲䣬Ѫɫͱɡ
ػŴпѪţͬǾʥˣȹ£һֵС֮У
ܣ
Ǽһ﾿Ǵðģ
ػŷӦѪɫ֮󣬶Ʋݺն£һײһ
飡
ײըװ쳹ػ׻屻ĵˡ
ÿһɫͲ԰һ֣ǰĽƾѿһء
ֱʮʱһǰĽ粻ظ㣬ֱķѣƮ
ۣ
ػ̲סڿѪ嶼ʹݺݳ鴤
̫ǿˣ
һձ⣬ȴ䱦ףش
ҲڴʱػŲ֮˵ģ
һϮ°ɫ忡ڷƮӰɰȴħ
ӣòǡ
ɲǼ䣬ػ͵ǰõһ䶯սĴ£ǼµǣһѰĹŻʥˡ
һѪɱѪħƣ
һˣΧһǣ
ৣ
ͷһػԺѰɱ
żãƥ֮ƣնػ֮׼׷С
ɫأԴһĨ㵡
Ȼ޷⣬ΪͬһɶԷսȴ˿ֲ
޷⣬սװԼ㲻һ
飡
һ̣ػŵͷ­ըԪ񶼱촷ۡ
ֻǣͷʬǰһɲнյĴѶ漴һ緢̶ļХ
ǴѶһͬ飡жϣһУȻŲֹһʥˣ
ӰƮȻֳУиһĨء
ಣ
ѰһӣʬѪˮ
ͬʱһЩػŲƬСһ飬һǷ֪ϸͰ³¡
СҲ֪̬أҵ
ˣΧ껣
ûãС;
ѰҲһôֺ껳Ϲϵˣ
ǰãؾĻŻһЩǿߴӾؾ뿪ʱյвʱ֣һŻǿߡ
Ҳʱ򣬵ܵ԰һھʥ˵׷ɱ񣬾ͱһƬɳĮ
Сɿ˵һƬ򸽽ѱɴƶϣֻǲѷɣ
Ѱ˴˶һۣԲµһֿܡ
ؾĻϸͰ³Ҳһܵвȴʱֵĵ껳־ߡ
ֻҲõ껱ϣΪɱĿ꣬һ·׷ɱ
뵽⣬Ѱа
ߵһŻǿߣƱҲ٣ϸͰ³ҲУ϶дĻᡣ
ղһﻹפڴˣ֤ǵΧɱжܻûгɹǻлᡣ
侲
ߣ
Ѱٵʱ䣬˵ϢɱޱȣأȫԤҲļ٣ɱŷ

ɳĮؼ䣬һɫĻ
ɫĻ貾ӨžĴ
ϸȥɫĻģȻһз糱ˮĹ֡
ÿһ֣͸أһһ޲ӯɡ
·ǲһ֣һŵһͨؽӣϷ衣

ɫĻ֮أУͷɢƥϣǲ԰֮ɫ
ͷһͨĥɣҳͷųһ͵֣ſһƬͨɫĻ
Ļ⣬Ӱ˷ʮλʥˡ
Ůеı˫еͨ죬еĻƴĿͼڵƣеĶ֮ϡ
ÿһͨѤã嫣ӰֲͬλһƬɫĻȫΧ
¡
ӡŶսì񽣡޸һʥʣһʥ˲ٿأɫĻŽĿҫ۵ԣ¡¡죬졣
һĪĵн֯㾪ʥһ𹥷
ǵȳɫ䣬ǧ֮ض
ȹУͨɫĻҲھҡΣ˰
û뵽оһĵ۵߱ӰѾ˴˾
ɫȣо̰
۵ʥ׼һĴﶼѵıÿһ˸Ž
ҲΨе۵ӵ󣬽ƾϢ赲סʮλʥ˵ַ
Ҵ޹򣬵۵ƾĵۼƿأһˣͶһ۾
Ҳۣޱȡ
ʥΣڰ֮УҲĴڡ
Ƕԣһ۾ͬ޼ۣȥӵУ
ڣһŻϣȴЯһ۵βǼʣ
ϻɱҵȹⲿ۾
˴ȡ
ܿ죬һھʥ˵Ĺ֮ˣһ̰ɱʹţʹ
ɫĻתһζݣ֧ŲסҪļ
Ǹ磬Ŀˡ
Ļڣ̾
ͷĵ۾ĵߴС
һ飬ȴӡ۵ϢǸ磬ʥ֣Ѻ˾
սⲿ۾ҲܵѹƣӳϢǿվԶԶ硣
ңгϵĹ£۾ڱĥʴҪܣ
λʱ䲻ˣһƴһΪλɱһѪ·ȡһԺǻͿ컯ˡ
һɫƽü֮⡣
Ťͷ


1543 Զ
󷽣һȺŻǿߣ֮࣬ǴӾؾлŷصľ
ϸ򡢰³ӡȻС
껵Ļ˶¶֮ɫ
ֻҵܣûھؾΪʥ֣
ҧ̾ѡ
˽Ȼ
ؾе棬ȫƣȫľִѹ
ЩˣҼһ뿪
ĹŻǾؾٲܷˡ
һ뵽⣬˽ǹŻеĸܣһŮҲѡ
սŻִᷢ˵صĲпᡢѪȺΣա
Ϊĵ̺Ĵѹ£ֱǲһ
֣ҵܣ㲢սݾҪƴҵԼɣ
һӳڣ̬Ȼ
һδӾؾ뿪ʱǱΪܻΪʱŲ֪پʥ˻񣬽ؾΧ
ɾǵնޱȵ£ͦһ֮ˮ֮С
˭ܲм
Ҳˣȴܵһ·׷ɱΧˣֱݾڵΧ
ǰƾɱΧҵȣѻˣ䵱׸ƴˣҲ޻ڣ
˶
ΪһǰԲΪ׸Ⱦһ
ҡͷλЩɱľңһ֣ⲻˡ
˵⣬һ̬ȻԣλȰᣬ֮λһ·Ҳ޺
Դƽȴп֮ǣ˽Ƕݣѹۿ졣
Ϊʲôֵ𣿡
ŮʴС
һĬƬ̣ӵϳһϮƮҷ԰͸ĿϸֳһĨɡ
ЦҾʱɴûֵֵãڡ޷Ǿһˣգ
ЦտȻ̬ݡ
ӣʣҲһ¾սΪƿ֣
ֵ
ɴûǹ
˾Ĭþ޷ƽ
ؼɫĻھҰҡΣһھʥˣҷˡ
һȺǣ˶ɣ
֡
أϸ򿪿ڣɫ֣غ£Եľ⣬ǰһͦ㲻˳ۣҽһлᣬذ㱨ѩܣ
Ҳǡ
³
һһЦƺߣʳһѪգɫɷˡ
ʱĲˡ
̾ͷһ۾ϢѿʼҪ
лĻǴѰ˵껴źǲԾһΣһˣҲһˣ
˵⣬ɹȻһЦ
ƽһ˿
䣡
ͬʱοֲʥϢɫԣơȼաڣ
֣
˽Աޱȣ۾죬ҧгݣ߬˫ȭ
䣡
ɫƮǸܵĹĻվǲظڴ˿Ȼ顣

һЦ쳹ؼ䡣
ʮλ԰ľʥˣϲÿһԺԼ̰ɱ
һΣֹһڹŻܶһ紫˵ĵ۵νһٶã
ɫȻֳֵ۾ѾƴΪ˿һ·
ಣ
ɾڴʱϣȻһӳ֡
ԭֵһڰʥ˽ͫһУѶеϮ
ǾͲΪȻĿ⿴Զ껡
ǰһھʥ˳еɱʲô
ҲһĻ΢΢һۡ
أһ
ɣ
һ뷢죬̬͵꣬ƿնֳеĵ۾ȥ
ʥ˼Ҳһ˲ͷӦ˸ϱȣ
Ҳԥ
һ۾̫֮˰
ƽૡ
ָ⣬ĥɵĵ۾˲ţֻһͷͻᱬ
ʱع۾ʱҲעЩʥֵܵġ
⣬ҲǰΨһˣ
˵ʱʱ죬һеĶͬһʱͽУò˼顣
ǳ۾һھʥˣɱһ·껣ûдκα
һָǸ죡
ƾո֣ǰӳʢĵһã޴ָݺѹ
Զ죡
۶Զִܵ
飡
ȳ꣬ɽѹ㣬ֱӱһָײɳȥ
ţ
бâϣԥı⣬һӣŷ
ЩʥҲƤһԣ޾壬껳ɱ
¡
ʮλʥ˵Ľεȿֲ
㼰ʱı⣬ȫ֣ɱѪ嶼ĵɳȥ
ֻЩʥ˸ҪйʱͱһƬѴĽס
ÿһо춯֮ƥ֮ƣһʱ䣬ȵЩʥæҡ
˭
껻Ȼ̧ͷ
ĸ˵ң
Щʥŭ
˭ڴʱǰ
ϸ򡢰³ǵһڱ껻ĹŻǿߣҲʶ̧ͷ
ããУһӰƿնٶ֮죬һĨ׵⡣
¡
ִУһĿռ䲨ɼŲٶȺε֮졣
һȻһ
ŻҲǵɴ۾
ϸͰ³̲סУ磡
˴һϮ°ɫڷƮ䣬תɰĴϡ
ȫǰԮѰ
ʮ𼱵Σʱ̣ƴһ·Աŭ
˭һֵܳˣȴڴ˿̴Ϊ껵סһеУ
ֱһƵģ˶Ϊۻˡ
һ۾εȱ˷һȺϹϣ
ѰƳһ껣һ͵˼ζлϸǣ飬ͽҰɡ
ӿâûƴǣѿѰѾΪʥҲ𵴲ѡ
Ѱ
Żһǿȫһڸȷţģá
ԹŻǿ߶ԣĸ֪Ѱһľ
£ˣһ䣡
ʱ԰һھʥˣɫ֮ò׹һϣۼһ۾ͽֿɵá
ȴƫƫʱ˵ң谭жǶŭɱŷ
һ˾͸
ϹŭЦ
ৣ
䣬һӰȻ裡
һӣŻӪǱߣһڡ
裬Ǻһһ̤ʥʳȺ޾£Ҳˣ
ʥˣǺǣɸı䲻Ľ֡
ɭȻЦ
ȴҡͷָߵѰɱЩһ˾͹ˣֻǰæģ˳æս


1544 
赭д˵һ顣
Ż˶Уһʲôʱʲô˼
ѵΪƾѰһˣѹһеУ
껣һѰһˡ
˻ǰʥ˶УһĪƺӣһŭЦ
СѾͷôĿ
٣ԭֻ벶ɱһ㣬û뵽ճǿһˡ
Ц
ҪС
뷢ɫ֮ǰ⧲֮±Ѱһָɣе裬涼ЩҲס
ֹСӣǶӲˡ
ޱ飬оѰΪҪһ򾡡
ùŻһļѲ١
£껸ˣѰɺͶԷʮʥһȣ̫ˣ
֣ãЩŻͬһ뿪ĽҾС
һȻڡ
Ѱ裬սȻӹɵǿ󣬿վֻˣɲѰҲһڴƴ
һȫûŻӪɾͳˣ
֪һѪħеս϶Ͳô˵ˡ
ɫŹ֣껣רĿϷС
껽ŽɣɿǰţҲֻܹ֮Ѵע⣬Ʋ˻һҲȫû鷢
Ҳ֪˭
ʱֽĿ⿴Щʥˡ
ЩϹﶼһЩһֱ׷ɱΧ껣Ȼ˽⵽սз顣
һ̤ʥ˰ˣ˭
һϹЦ
ҲЦѣŻǣЩŻ˻ɿЦ
ˣ賹׶϶Щϼһ治֪ѰѪħ飬вһĨ
磬㾿жٰգ
ϸ̲סʵ
ɱһȺѣ練ơ
Ѱڵ
һ仰ʯ쾪ǶĿʱˣħȻɲĴǰİԵԣʮ㣡
԰һھʥҲЦˣǻǵһμ˿ˡ
ΪΪʥͿ޷죿
ɱСϣ
뷢ȼһٿȻѰǰָ紸ԲȻȻҳ
һȭ
һλʥ˵ĵ̺ƣһȭڹ͵쾡¡
жһ
ˣûܷӦԭֵٶ̫ˣ
Ψɫʼղ
ͬʱѰҲָ֣ȭΪںΪһȫһȭС
䣡
ײУȭֽ籬ұҲ֮飬Ѫ䡣
󾪣ͷȻ뵽ŸյһνѣԼȫǶ֣
ʶأʹܡ
ֻǣѰȭεȿֲҲܣ͵кǡɽХһ˲
飡
һ̣ݣһ飬ֱӱõɳȥͨһ׹أ̳
һݿ࣬شһλʥˣ
գһ
ϸ۾ֱˣͷ̫˰ɣ
껶һ
Щ԰ľʥˣһɫ䣬ϵЦ̣𵴡
һȭ֮ǿ˹
ٿѰʱĿѴϾɡ֮ɫСӣǴðģ
Ϊδǰ˵ŻлȺˣ
Ƴһߵ껣ŶԷüľɫһЦʱѪħ绤֮ǰѰһһھʥʱγҲ𾪣
Դӵϸ
أһɫӳӳֳһԡɫϼеӰ
޳һ֧ǣεͫת˵ɫâͨ쳹ء
٣
ʥˣһ˲֪µϹսǿס
䣡
һϣȻһɫ׵۶ɵսìϢʮ˺ѳա
ǰʹϢ֮Уһ֣ŽǵȿֲʥƵ⡣
Ļϸǵ͵סƵѹȣᱻ꣬˺壡
׾Ż
Уһ׵սìӳͷųϢݣĺ
ȴѰܣ̤ǰûнеֵ
飡
һ׵սìһִѰǰͺȻըϸĵ绡Ʈ
Ѱ޶ãǰУڷƮ򷨲֮ħ
飡
һ׵սì֮ըԲͱѰӿ촷ۡ
ǵ龰껶һΣһ۳ʥӵܣ
ǳɫ䣬㾪ýг
Ҫ֪ĿӵܺʶѰսͬѰʶʱѶȫɱнй
˭룬ΪɱУȴ޷ԷӰ
֪
ȻУѰϣȻӳһ̫⻪ƽ档
ûκһ˿һ֡ΡϣӡС
ã
ٿ˽һ˲ͷһ㼦ƤëȻԥһͭﵣȫҳ

һ̣˴ͭﵣһɣڰգͿڱѪʹĲҽС
ʱ徹ڲܿƵس鴤ƵģΪ̫е̫ԵǣŰˡ
һĻȫһ𺳣˲Ŀ˲Ȼ
һһΣѰչֳ͵߸ǵ֪˭û뵽ġ
԰һھʥˣ˿ٴУɫص˼£ٴҲʶǰˣǣ
ף֮ǰѰԴˣһʱ䣬ҲȻѡ
һԼֲòΨһһˣ
ϸǡ
ѳʧԺ¡
ʥ˺εȿ£κ˾ѰУȴԵúܲ
Ѱָжǿ
һ֣
У˱ȣҪֳ
ȴѰڽһȺˡ
δ£ͦϣֳʢ貵ĵ⣬ͻա
ƣҲһ˲Ұ˷ƣǧս԰
ˣ
輸ڵһʱ䣬ͺһ𣬴ϸԶԶܿȹģĿսһ룡
ɱ
ͬʱʮλ԰ͬľʥˣҲȻȫС
ȻѰǿֵĻԽɱ
ǲ֪ǣѪħ绤֮⣬̽һھʥҲġ
䣡
УѰһ۾Ͷ뷢Գʳɫ꣬磬ڿնȥ
ͬʱǧ̫ܻΪʥ١
ˣѸأԵ䲡Ҫ
Ѱˣӭɱʥˣ֮ʢ춯ء
һ˳Уȴ£Ψİ



1545 Ⱥ׵һ
ȫѰжǿ
һ̣Ǿͼʶˡ
ৣ
кâЮƥĿɫԣããѩǶ¡
˵ӣǺм֮ͱûڳʢĵС
屬飬Ѫⶼ촷
ԪһӳھļУӭĶɱĨ
ͬʱһ࣬ǧ̫۶ɵĽݺύܼĽ꣬ٸ޷ֵܿͱ俪ǧٿס
˻𣬾ǲʺ;֣Ҳ޼£Ĩ䡣
һ˲ѣλʥ˱ɱ
껵񶼸ܵһǰδеĳΪʥˣǱ˭ȲεĴڣҪɱǺε֮ѡ
ȻǷսʥ˶װĴڡ
ڣѰУȴ˲ͱɱ
ǵ޿ƥаɱ֮ȫ֮ǰû뵽ģõ΢΢һ񣬴ǳ鴤ѡ
һﲻʥѣһʥֱ֮ͬ˶ûˣ
ǲǺ
Աߵ迪ڣΪ𺳵Ѫȳ棬ʶԶԵú򶨡
Ҳ͵Լһʧоһ֮ͬС
Ѱȣȷ˸е
Ǻܲˬ
껿Цھ֮ʱҾʶھУֻûٻѰʶݣھʥʱһҪһһܣһϸߵ͡롭
һģ˵뼴ھʥһҲǿ˶᲻Ȥ
ΪȻ㶮ҡ
Ȼ
Ȼ껸Ѱ̤֮ӵеһе̡

䣡
УԱؼ䣬ɲĻϢǡ
Ѱƥս̤߮գͶ֮䣬ɽ֮
Ķ֣ʮλʥˣ
ͬֻ¶ֻܱâĶӡ
ѰǵûܣʼգƳУƥƲɵûбѹƵļ
֮һˣѹһھʥˣ
ϸ򡢰³Ƕ̿ˮ񶯵ǿ˽Ѱģڣȫ͸ˡ
꣡
һͭսìѰ̧ϡ
̶УĶ֣һ۾ɽͼڵӣѰһʺ
㣬Ѱ׼ǡϴС
ǿ
˾ŭ˻
Щʥˣ¶ݣࡣ
ӿսڣλʥѣһ֣ȴûѹסԷһ˿
Ե̫˼飡
֪ͬΪʥˣʮλһ֣սУȫԺˡ
ڣȴκβһˣ
ţ

ûãž춯صıɵĴ⣬Ѱݺ¡
ԶԶһҳ֮ƣ
飡
һС٪Ƶ꣬ھֵļУķѣѪɡ
λʥˣ
ʱ뿪սŲƬ̶ѣӶ
ɶ񣡡
˻
أλʥ˱ȴɱѰǳô˻ᣬԶ衢껵ˡ
ȻҪԴΪֶΣǣѰĹƣԴƿȨ
ͬʱǣҲѰġ
ȻõĽʱǣˣвѰͶ
ȻѰʱüзɱ
ʥˣһǡ
ߣоŸʥȫǣǴΧκԣˮԴǯѰ
ңʱѲѰȥһһУΪʱ
ΪתƣͽͶ
УѰϢȻƥŵĽڴ˿â񷡣
ৣ
һָֻ̽Ϊһ
赭дһ˿̻Ϣ
һ̣ڳ޲һҰУ縡ֳһǬƾγ޷ݵӡС
ƥ޿ɾ
˫ף
һĻǿߣ޲ƾСϢ֮У·ǲһƽһƿ
һ
ؾţʱֳֹͣһֹļ¼ž
һѪܵͷ׿ն
ɫ䣬أԹɭȻɱأдһĨ̺͵⣬ûʶһɱ
ۣ
ţһһͷ­׷ɣžĻȾһѪܵɺ졣
ôۡ
ľģ
Ҳ֪˭һУֲķΧ
˾ʱ亹죬ٿǵľʥˣͷʬ壡
ǣǵʬ壬أԻǰ塣
׷ڰյͷ­أԹЦ֪һ֮併١
⡭
衢껶˷׼һ̣Ҳ壬һĨǶеڡ
ϸǣûʲôоΪһնĻ޲쵽ǶȥӦ͸֪
ɵһɱľʥˣȴڰ;һնͷ­ʱҲǣĿɿڴ
ȷһвǼٵģǶԼǲǳ˻þ
ϾǿλʥˣУֱ޷ԽͺĴڣ
ܣ
ǣѰʥˣһ׻⾪ޱȵһ𺳣ͫȻ
ͨͨһ죬һ߾ʬͷ­׹أ޸Ŀܡ
⣬ǡȥ޻ء
սһѧ޷һʽУȴ㾡ѧ̺İֲ֮Ѱɱȣ
ǰ֮ǿƾףѰƣײá
ǵһԾʥһĸ㾡һͷš
ǵȷûѰʧ
һλ֮ʥ
һҲʥ˵ĵǳ׿־壬޷Ƶزڡ
̫ˣ
˵Ѱ֮ǰһһɱ֮ʥһǿɱ֮
һͷųԵ̫ףǶ޷⣡
Ͼ˭֮ͬУһնʥ
۰ݹ۹Žмڴ˾֮УһȺУ
ӣ
ǽʣµľλʥ˵ͬһͷ
ǸûκγɣȻӴܣ˷ŲƶȥһƵӣܵñ˭졣
һսҲ޷ٴȥѰᣬӵеѾ߱ɨһеļƣ޵У
ǿľսУܹѰԿģҲֻСڤ˾ǵ伶ˡ
Ѱȥ
ԥչ׷ɱ
̫С鹭һһطԱȫͷţ
¡
ؼ䣬һƬɲԡϯХɢ
䣬½λʥ˱
һ俪壬Ѫڤ
һΪ룬ʬء
һӵľʥˣֱӱ̫ʹһɱ״ҲΪңѪǶĥ顣
һ־ǾʥˣҲӲɽ³


1546 ż
ĲҽУؼ䶯ǺǵѪȼķУŨҵû
ĻϣһƬĿѪҲʥɰ֮ڻصš
սĻʱλʥӶݣҼһ˵̻ɥ֮Ȯ
Ѱû׷ɱҪķʱ;
ԣ֮Ǳ֤껡ϸ򡢰³һ˵İΣһ·ȥ׷ɱˡ
ˣӰʱڵˣԼ̧ͬͷĿˢˢȥ
һϮ°ڷƮӰգ˳Ⱦʿɡ
Ѱ
֪ħ
˭ָһˮˣչսʱȴħâ
̶̲һӣ½ʮλʥ˱ɱʣ˽Ҷӣ
Ǿ޾һɲǼնλʥ֮׼ǵȷɣֱ紫˵еĽ
ʼգˣһˣѹȺУ޵У
ʱѰ衢껣ϸ򡢰³Żһٵĸо
죬껲ѹпڴ˾Уûʲôźˡ
ᣬЦ棬һʱֻҪţԺеǻᡣ
֮ǰԣźǲѰһϸߵͣɺȻڵѸı˼
磡
Ҿ֪粻գһһǬѹһеУ
³ϸ򼤶óǰӭѰ
ѰҲڴ˿̣İЦŸһȭû¾ͺãܻɶְæ
˵ţ˫ֱȭл֣ζлˣ
ȻһЦлʲôҪлҲл㼰ʱȴˮ֮С
أѵûлңɾ̫ˡ
Բŭ
껺ѰһۣЦˣҲ̲סЦˣ˵ľ顣
Щ˵̫ף˴˶סã͹ˡ
ԶһڹŻ׷׳껡Ѱл
ѰҲӵϤѣңû㼰ʱ
Ļһսĺ
һ̸Ѱһ֣սЩʬѪ⡢һһռŴһ뿪ƬĮ
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·ϣ֪ѰǰŻĽĿʱ껲ЦЦԭҲؽ֮ǣٺòˣ£Ҳһ
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ŻҲ׷׿ڡ
˶ѰȻ
Ҫǣ֮Դؽ֮ǣΪŻǿṩһڷ絲ĵط
һ룬Ȼٺòˡ
Ѱۣˣַ֮ڵķȥ
ŻĽ絽ΣգҲɼ԰ĵӰ
ѰᣬпȽ˰׵ԺеǻɱС
ֻǿЦǣ·ϻһЩۣһЩûҪԺ۶֣ɱڡ
֪Ѱ֣һ˾ɽһС
ֱҲһֱҲϵϾѺʹ񣿡
ǰ
УϸͰ³ĻشѰüЩǡ
սĲпգѰ֪ʵ޷ԾѵİΣ
ڴ񣬷ѰôǣթսۣۼܵͣѰ̾硣
ԹＪ࣬϶µģľˡ
ϸο
Ͱ³ѰԾ֮΢Ůϵ벻ġ
Ҳֻˡ
Ѱ̾ս̫ˣÿһԿһ棬ֲŰäĿȥѰ٣յΣؼǺʹûʲô
ѰҲֻܼϣԼڹŻĽϢȥܱԾǰԼϡ
أΪνؾȴûܾ۳ʥ
Ѱʵ
һ˵ϸͰ³ҧгݣһֱɱ˵ķŭģ
ȻѰ˽⵽˷ھؾеһЩ顣
ǰʱ䣬ؾ٣ԾѡУıȡ۳ʥĻԵ
ھؾĹʥҲ޷ؾʶŻһھͬҲû⵽ӣ˳С
ԭһԹƽ棬˴˶ǳŽپΪùŻǿ߸û뵽ǡ
һؾǾܵǿߵִѹһǸϾɱļƣ
ʸؾĹŻǿĿͲֱ࣬Ժѹ³֪
ϸͰ³˵Żǿ߱˵ı۳ʥԵѣ
ֱؾĻʱеĹŻǿߣһ붼УҲֻϰ˽Ӵܳ
ǹŻľﱾͲ࣬˴νھؾУ˲
˵⣬³۾죬޵öͷ
磬իĪӡ̫һŵ㡭
ϸ½˵һЩϤ֣Խ˵Խͳˡ
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˭룬Щ˾ѣٲܳˡ
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Щ̸Ľ飬ɱϾҲ۹̸
ǵجģѰ޶ԣ
磬ֻнսҲŷǰսֻСС֡
³ɫĻǰ̫ɺˣΪݽ棬ɱζﲻܡ
ϸҧгݣҲû˱֪ôھؾУһλӵг츳ɰŮӣЩºĥƾܣ
˫ȭ߬һѹסĵ԰ˣɱȴǷĵĸм
Ѱóһƺ«ݸϸ
ϸͷһųһᶨʱҾͷģֻҪţԺһҪɱЩ
Եˣ
³ݺݵͷ
Ѱüεĺ⣬ԼѪħһ·ĲҾĬˡ
УӲ
ʱ
ͣ٣һƮȻء
ӳҰеģһƬɳ߿ݽߵĴأݺᣬǧٿס
ʵķ紵ɳЩɳ֪Ʈ˶£أԲŸɺԵѪɫ
ϣԼɼݹǡƼС
ҹŻĻַ֮ڵһξ֮ʱһǧģΡ޳ǣڴˣΪҹŻǿڷ絲꣬С
껸ڱȻֻǣ¹ȥһжڲҰгΪֻ̣޾Ѫޣ裡
ѰĹˣƬ̣㽫Ŀ⿴ˣ˵һʱ䣬Ҫڴ˵أԵ֮ѪǺһǣҹŻ֮⣬λһ֮
˽޲Ӧʡ
ѰǱڴ˵أıؽ֮ǵˡ



1547 ڤ˾ķӦ
ͬʱڤ硣
ҡһ޴ĺϹУڱǰԶ
ɾ;ʥ֮λ
ǰĹ㳡ϣڤһϵһǿߣǳߣѰʥǾʥˣԹ

ڤ˰˾֮һһһսһ紫㣬ڤľ콾
һϮۣͦΣţзҡ֮ơ
ţУڤǿߣҲ븩񣬱﹧ء
һ֮ھȫ
ջĿ⣬Ƴһ۹㳡ˣת߽
ʼգɫ
ֻʲô˶㣬
˵ǰһѰĹŻǿߣɱѪħ췭ظҲһ飬ӵĵϸ
ǣ
УֳһҝӰܿʧڴС
Ѫ»ȥֻ·ñףҵҪܴ裬ȡʲôж
ڴΨһϣ˼
Ѱ
ں
ֻǺ棬ͬΪڤ˾֮һѪ£ԳѰļһˡ

硣
˼ҵȽؾڼ䣬Ѫħ羹һֵüɹ澡ʧ
һϮۣͷ࣬üĿӳգ˼
ӳա
ڤ˾֮һһӣ
ɶ񣡿϶Ǽһ
һ࣬ӳѩطŭ
ӳзһĨĹ󣺡˵ѰڹŻʱһʹ߻ܵǼһ
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ӳѩҧڰ¥ۣ֮һŵòˣŻ֮һˡ
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ӳյͷ
磬ҪұҲҪɱǼһֻ轫ܣҪѱΪūһֻҽ£
ӳѩһڹŻĲҰܣͺ޵嶼΢΢
ãԸ
ӳͣƵĸһõԴÿɴû˼Ǻ޹һˡ
Ȼ⵱вӦĵ
һЩһǿ߶¶֮ɫȺУӳΪǹ°Ψȴ谮
ǵȿһѪµķӦɣܽ赶ɱˣֶΪ
ӳƿڡ

޽硣
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̴ӵһλ£ԷɽΪб巢еӣ۾
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ӿڣһ罣Ϣֱģޱȡ
峾
޹һڡ콣󡱴ˣڤ֮һһλźĽš
½ǽ޵Ĵ޹У峾֮һհҫ۵Ĵڡ
Ľۣͬھʮ
ǿҲܰԵδʥʱսѼԺʦȣɲ⣬޷֮С
ľժɫӣ𵱳ʹݣǰŻһҰܣ¡
ŶŻ
һʵĽ峾һڲһ˿Ȥ
Ҳû뵽ûĹŻӿһҲѾ۳ʥѪħһ粨ƶϣھʥУҲһɱȡ
ľժһ
峾꣬ͷȷ˲ãŻǧº󣬵һ֡
˶٣ЦͿܷסѪµŭˣܴѪл
ľժǵʱ䡣
գ峾Ҳû˵ʲô
Ĵ
ľժԣջס
֪峾ʦȴҲԼȥѡ

ƵھսС
硣
ӣڤ֮һˡֻǷһߣŻĽУҲΨӿɿĿվҲһ
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ʯϵϵᣬɷʯƺ֪ЩϢ򷢳ֻĴЦ翴Ѫ²˳ۣѪħɳһɨأ
硣
Ѱһ˶գŻذ֣֮վһܸıģ
Ϻᣬڤ˾֮һǬ¡¡Ųмۡ
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ͷ㡢ͫĻڵ֪Ϣֻ˵һ仰ӱŻذܣƲΥ
ΪɣһͳһһմӣĻ˸ɣ

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ħϱ̽ն΢΢ףĽšֵ̿˼¡
ǰӣѰһɱ¾Ѫħ澡ʧʿҲܵشΪսеһЦ
ȳͳޣȫڱ̽ƿشֵһʱУܲ
˿̵ֱоȴеͽƵģޱѰ
ãһ̾𣬴ƴš
ͨ
һ̾Ϣ̽ǳŲסһ㣬عڵأһУԹϷܣҪ𷣣ϷԸһ˵֮
˽ԲĿ
ϣѪ̧ɺƳһ۱̽ȻڵſǵЦʱټƽ˭ĶԴ
˵ţǰ̽򣬵ʦ壬²㣬¹򣿡
̽һ¶֮ɫǲһּĸо
û֪ԴӷǵȲпѪȴЩǺεȵļ尾ֺ̿Ͳ
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˭룬Ѫȴûʦ
£һᲹȻģ
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УΣ֪Ѫ¾ͽԴϣ
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ѪºȻЦ뿴³ȥɱѰŶûУ
ȫ㵣
Ǹ޷⣬˵ȴܲ
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𣬵ȻҪֻڡ
Ѫһһָߵӷ֣һߵȻڡ
Ѱһѵ˵ǣԺ󣬱ȻҲ˵ˣʱҵҪЩЦļһﻹЦܣ


1548 
Ѫ˵գֻ±̽ɢ
ʦôͼ
ֱˣѪ²ſ˵
̽˼ãһʵ赶ɱˣ
Ѫһ̾˴ѪħӪѪڣʮλʥ䣬ʧν󣡡
Ժǰ֮ҪԵģƾʧѪħڲĴС
£ٲһУȥɱѰһٽɱȻãһɱأ
̲̽ס£ƾѰɿĶ֣
Ѫɺ˵âѰ˵飬ȥɱ𣿡
ο
Ŀⶢű̽ʦ壬ۼʶѰֶΣѵڻףɱˣǰ׵飿
Ѫһ֣ʧˡ
˳֣ʧˡ
˳֣ԼʮʥһҲʧܸա
ټĻ֮ǣӲһΧ£
˵⣬ѪиֳһĨ˵Ĺ⣬ͳˣʦ壬㻹ãھȥǵľ𣿡
̽һ£ֱð⡣
ѪջĿ⣬ɫָȻ˵ˣѰӾһѵȿԸǣҲܿ򼸿⣡粻뿴ЦƫƫԸ
Ҫ𣬴һ˭Ҳܲˣ
˵Ѫ»ɢһ˵ƣɫ価Ȼ
̲̽סʣǡǾţʲôҲ
Ѫ˼Ȼʲô
̽һ
ȴѪն˵ѪħȫӹŻĽ糷Ժûҵ̤ŻĽһ
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ܴ裬ɿûŭ
ѰQһʱ䣬ͿѵжԺһˣ
һһ٣ɱŷ¶޾ĺޣ쳹žյĴ

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Ѫûнʲô֮һֱڴУǳ
費

ΣһѰķƣѪµУʹ˳ȥ
Ѱ֣Ҳ֮Ұ֪
˭ư֮ܲĹŻӪڳһɿĿĽɫ
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ϾѰվһˣڶ࣬ǿƼľսУҲעı䲻˹ŻӪذܵĽ֡
ǰǿߵһ¿
ʱѰڻ֮żϣĴѲʱʱݺ˼⡣
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ΪһʦѰֶΣһ󣬲ѣֻȴҪķѴʱ;ݡ
Ѿڿƣͼĵʮ졣
һʱ껡ŻǿһƬżϴһƬʱӪء
ͬһʱУ֪жٵİᵽѪȵĲӬƵģ
δȿͱ껡ɱһ⡣
ʬǺѪˮҲռԺɵĲϣȻơ
ǰַκ˲٣ȥĻռɲϿɾЩ鷳ˡ

ĺݲӿɻûг֡
տȻңԶ
ŰŻĽеİУѰʥӣҵȶԣȻв
ȻҲѲǲǣԾʵעǰ
˽⵽ڴ˻۵ĿģеЩǣ϶ס
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ͷô˵ʼֳʱȻ޷ˣ
ǱȻġ
ƽһ꣬Ŀǰһʱǰء
˵⣬ЦؼǣѰԵ֮ʬǺѪΪǣټһǣĲϿ޷Ӵ󡣡
ռģֻǾţһëһ³ǽ
Ȼ
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һȻһζȺڴҲǰ취̫һʱ䣬ҴǹŻһЩǿߣһȥĥһ
ȥģ
һ
껸ڱɫɨӰ˷ҹŻĵ̣ȴУĴŰҴ㽫һһɨ
˶٣˵ͬʱжҲܶѰռһЩǲϣֶΪ
ͷҪСһЩ
껴һĨŵĻȣЦɱңɲô׵顣
ڵ죬껴һʮ˵ĹŻǿ뿪
Ŀ뿪ȴЩп
껣дǡؽľӵȺ׵
㽾֮ˣһȥӺ˵ж
껲ͬĹŻӪУѰΪȴû¶κһ˿ִ߲
һжǴӴֳޱΪŻӪԼ͹ס
ԭЩ껺Ѱܻڶ裬ڰһͬʱҲ֮⡣
ҿ϶ѰŻӪΪ
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̲סֿһԶѰһҲһࡣ
ûƿһеľҲûԾƫƫأȴ껶Ըж˹ˡ
뵽⣬һԼֺγˣ
ѪħֱڣͬҲԾ׷ߣΪհ
ңûеִ߿ܹ
˲óϷ׷棬һ䣿
˼


1549 վɳ
һȺӷΪ䣬ܼ򵥣ֻô裬ӵһԦ֮͹ˡ
һȺ޵߷Ϊ䣬ѣͺñִһţͳԦһǿߣصжһǻۺϡ
껡ԼľʥˣԸ֮£Ϊ䡭
ֱȵ춼ѣ
ϾڹŻУʥ˶ѿһ뢣֮ۡ
ʥˣ͸һˣϹʱУŻھ͸Ͳֹʥˡ
ҲǾսǰһʱ䣬껺½̤ϾʥΪѰʥҫ۵Ĵڡ
ѰԴûΪŬȴ֮˱ȵ춼ѵ飡
ڣ껡趼Ϊհ
벻С

ʱҴңһµʱת˲š
һУһڹŻǿߣ۳ڹŻĽ粻ͬУһһȷѪꡣ
֪߮ڹŻĽеİɨһա
λʥһ·ϵɱȫǹ޲ˣս޲ʤ
֮һһ䵱ɲϵĵʬǺѪˮʱӪС
ʬǣѻΪһһСɽ
Ѫˮһһ޽õˮС
ټʱӪУһʱһʬɽѪءѪȾۡ
̫ѪȣʬɽѪϿգ׼Ǻò
֪Щ¾ĵУǳپߣһָʥεĴڡ
㱻ʬѪˮأԲԹͺ⣬񱻶ѻһһЩɲ˵Ҳ֡
ΪˣѰרŲ½ƣѹƣЩʬѪˮѻһɢϢ֮ңӰ˵
ЩŻǿһҵĹǣٲǰǰֻ̺;һĶ־
еģֶؿ̿
еģ̽ѰŻĽ粻ͬеԴ
սޱߣؾ׺УЩؾգҲеؾĻԵ
ЩԵУһЩٵġҩȱһЩ֮ʥ˶Ѳѡ
֮һʱУʱӪأÿһ춼ֳȻ졢ɾʮ㡱ľ
轫һп۵ףҲܲѡ
ǰ롣
һеĸı䣬̶һµʱз
ԶһȺǿߣӪзأÿɫ䶼һĨɡ
ȻյջԺܲ
̲סֿ˿ԶѰһǰɫרע˼ݣȻҡ
ü䷺һĨ㱣ૣٵ룬Ҳٲֻ̱ӡһֱȥǸöá
侲
ǾսʱƽսᱻƣѪȲпɱǾսĳ̬

ˣ
һ죬Ѱѣ³һ˶
Уѽһܡ嫡ޱȵĻʥ󣬳ݳ͡
ԡǶΪֱѰֱˡ족ء񡱡顱ɱ
ÿһɱ󣬽ԸͼÿһͼӡƵĵ
ǿġɱ󡱣ʮķͼ԰˰ʮƹնһתʥǰҲᱻ
ɱ󣬻аͼз
ͼڳǳذ˷ǽܣͨؽӡ
ʱʱ䲻ݲߵݺڤ룬ؽÿһϸڶһһƣѰ˿̶һƣĸо
ûΪ˸Ѫ;Ǻε֮
⻹áǶ󡱵аأĻҪóһɱͷĴʥ̶ʱ䣬ܰ쵽
ң뵱꣬庣֮ϣѰֻǽáǶ󡱵¾ȺɱѪǧذ
ʥΪɵǶ󡱵Խ׳һ
Ѱ̥֮Ƕ󣬶ʤעһѧĵưء
ŵ˵ѰһΪɬҲΪǿһ
󣬱ѰΪľ
ҪǼ̡Ͳˡ
Ѱ˼⡣
ƴ˵ȴ̡Ʒ࣬ٶҪʥΣ޷ô֮
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һЩʥȫ¼ͼƣ䵱̺ʹá
ΨϣЩֹ֣ҪĿڶ࣬ҶƷʻż̵Ҫ
֡
껴Զʵƽݵˣ
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껶ʱЦһ֪˵ģ˵Ϊ㣬
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Ѱ죬ɻ󣬿ɻǸȥ
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ȫŲ֮£һƬ߲ľ޴Ͽǰ
˴һؾ磬ſ϶ܽ⡣
˵ţӰϿУٿȻ侹ƾʧ
ѰһҲЩڴȥ

ϿУһĹһѰʱжתƣʱշ֮С
ǰҰָѰһƬǵذĽɫâ̵ò㶼
΢΢ۣʶɢʱס
ƬУĽɫɳɫǳ׺УӨ͸Ȼԣҫ֮
ϸÿһɳԻԲ飬ʴСɫԹϣʥϢ
վɳ
Ѱ𺳣ϳȺĵԷ޶ԣվɳ̵ķ𱦣챾̨Ĺ屦
Խ޶ԣƱɽ޼֮һѷɽֻһЩվɳ֮ɣ
ʥ˶ԣվɳһּʥĿģ
һԣһվɳʥ衣
ڣѰǰģһƬصĿվɳɫӣתƮ֮䣡

Ѱߣ΢Цڡ
Ѱһˣȫˣ֣Ǹһľϲ
껴ЦЦˬʣҲڴܸǹŻӪһľϲ

ѰʱӪأͿʼ֡
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ʮ䵱̵ʥͶʮļ䵱ʥѰ˳ɡ
ֻʥ׭̵ƣѲסѰ
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Ѱһһվɳʮҡ
ֻǲáľ֮ЩǴ´ࡣ
Ҳһ죬껸˶飬Ӫһǿ궯һɲ
ԭƽգҲһƬơ
֣Ѳ³ڴؽ֮ǣӽ쿪ʼԺһʱֻ»
껳ڡ
жǱŻĽ磬һսձɱˣһˡ
Ҳ˶ˣأҲᡣ
սжϣжؽ֮ǵͼ



1550 
оʥˣ
Ѱâһ˵뵣ǣ֮ǵ£ҴһʼҲûֱֻڲſʼЩ⡣
껺һ
֣Ͱ˾ǣ齻
Ѱûнʲô⣬Ҫ鷳ɢһϢ
£
档
˵Ѱº֮ǣ
ѰڱȻ
ʲô
һһ֪
Ҿ֪
ѰȻôһĿģֲеĹŻǿߣѶһж
˴ƾºѵס
ü
ѰЦʱλĿԴ
껺Ѱţգ˶ٶʡ
Ѱ˵϶˵ˡ
һȴ˽ЩˣѰʲô취ȥУ
ѰʼƵƵ뿪Ӫء

һƬɫϿգѰ䣬֮ͫתͫУɨӺͲ̽
͵̽һץ
¡
Ȼ˳ףһǧɳִ緿Ƶȡ
һ޴
貵ԹصڣƮԵޱʥ
һġʥŻϢֵˡ
磬һ㹻޽һϼѵĶ츣أ

ѰۻӶƮȻȥ

һƬʯ᾵ɳ̲ء
¡
汻һնһ޴ѷ죬ѰӰһѷ
һǧɡ
ǧɡ
ֱֱִ¾ǧʱһƬĿĻϼӳѰҰ
⣬һƷѵʥ

սһص磬ھŴ֮䣬е׺ؾС磬Ҳ̲纱ı
Ʒ඼ߵþˣ
г֮ͫİѰڶ̶̲ʮ޵ССϰ
еǧɳͨϢնȾһƬѤá
еֻʮɳ̻֮ѰȾʥ˶𾪣
ЩΪľʥṩĹؼڡ
ҹ
ʱӪУѰæеһУһҹĻ£Զ
ӽפ˵ֱڣʱѾȥ˽ꡣ
󷨡̡ѼϡռѰľ󲿷ʱ䡣
һеĸֵá
ڣͲѼ㹻ǲϣԿʼؽ֮ǣ
ҹɫжãѰૣ
¾㱸ֻȷ

ڴͬʱѰؽ֮ǵϢҲƶ֮£һʱ䣬ս
һʱ䣬𶯡
һĿŵ£ıѹ
硣
һƬ˼ĴɽһؾУշҹ巣ҲһϢЦüͷһ塣
ӽսЦҹ巾Ͳڶһ硣
ãѰûӵˣ
ҹƣҵǾãҲʱ뿪ˣ˽һͷڹ꣬ٴҷɡ
ЦĬã͵һǾߣģܹˣ
һЦ

ͬһʱ䣬ھսдĹŻǿߣϢ󣬴Ķѡ
Ѱ
ǹŻһ紫ľȸȻ̡
û˻ΪѰ᲻
ѰͿڱЩ꣬һɱѪսͣ
ߣһ·ϻգҲҪعŻĽ磬ȥһͬϡ
ҧ
ôãһϢ´Ҳ޶ԣ
Ŀᶨ
飬ʼڲͬзһ̡صĹŻǿߣչж
Ŀ꣬ǰŻĽ磡
ͬʱҲŻǿߣڵ֪ϢѡԹۡ
Ѱȷǿʮ㣬վǾսϢһĿס
ػɣĹŻĽ磬ȻѳΪ籩ģעѱϣʱ̶ᱬֲ޷ɱ¾
ʱǰ̫ǣ
ǡ
Ѱܹؽ֮ǣסǿеĽʱǷعŻĽʱ
ЩԹ۵ǿߣΪֵֿܳϣã
ԭܼ򵥣еĵֲ̺̫ˣֻһ붼˸е
Ǹ˾⡣
ͬһӪÿһŻǿߣԸⲻȥ֧Ѱ

ڤ硣
ҡϣС
ֵС黹ǹģѵ֪ǰξ֮ŻĻ֮αݵģ
һϵЦζʮ㡣
ıأһξ֮Ż򻤵֮Ǳݣʮʱ콵Ѫ꣬ʮղ
ڶξ֮Żؽ֮ǣڰ;ͱҰһ̤ƣ¾֮ڣѪƯ֣
ڣѰôصޣⲻԼֻѹŻЩȫ
УЦ
֪Ѱؽ֮ǵϢǵһӦǣСӳ˰ɣ
Ҳż
Ȼ󣬾ǸЦ
ֻһˣȥ̤ƽǹŻĽ磡
һӰ쳹
һʱ䣬дǵĿⶼ뿴ϵ
ƱһڴҾƣ΢΢һЦ䣬ƿڣ
񣬴˵º󣬱㽫ڹŻĽؽ֮ǣˣʱԵһ
˶٣һתҲܹǱڤһ
˼ǣҪһ
ʵ

ȻնŻģߵͣǰԹŻһϣ֦ͬˣ飬Ȼǡ
һдţһһ֪ͨǵ졣
˵գͷоơ
սѾӽһʱ䣬Ҳʱ򽫡նŻġĿˣ
ܿ죬ױż㣬һһ͵ǰ
Ѱ֮ʱ֮գʱϣλԸǲʮλʥˣŻĽ磡
޽磬յϢ콣һ˽峾ֻ˼Ƭ̣Ӧ
ɣ
һӳҲӦ
ʮλʥˣѣֻ൱ʮ֮һѡ
ˡ
ɣ̴˻ϣɱˡ
ţˡǬɷʯƺҲ½Ӧ
һȻ̹ŻĽ֮ǣ
ΨϢﵽѪħʱϵǣѪ붼û뵽ֱӾܾˡ
ѪħȤִ¡
δȥѪħзһ粨Ѫħĸǿߣ޲еһơ
ѪԽԽˣ



1551 ս
ŭʼѪħ粻ͬȺ
˭ˣǸѰļһɭһֱɱ˻֮ǰ
˭ˣǼһһˣΧסһǣɱѪħ޴棬ɨأ
Ѫ¡ǵûи𣬷ѡ̣
ѪħŻĽȫ˻
£㹻裬ΪЦڣһ̤ƹŻĽѻᣬѪ¾Ȼˡ
ɳһһ䣡
Ѫ»ǲڤ˾֮һǲѪħһ䣿
Ϊˣ
ɲηŭ˭޷ıѪµ־Ѫħ磬ҲվѪ˵㡣
ѪħǿٱٲҲֻӲţ
ÿһԳʮλʥ˺ʮλʥ˺Ͷʮһ
ѰסŻǿ߱ػᱻɨһա
һѰסأ
ѪһУϹЦ
һΣѪħʮλʥѰУһΣѰѵǱ۶ϣҲȻһȺᣬѪħֺαν
ϷͺãϷͺá˭ʤ˭Ѫħԣ޺
ѪһԭƵָƽ

ѪµľУһһʱˣ
Ϣдһʱ䲻֪ǳٺЦ
Ѫ£ѵǱֵСɱõˣ
ߣҿѪҲôڤ˾гˣһûС
Ѫ¾Ͳģ𣿡
˰ôģ
зУѪħҲһӳ׳ΪЦĶ
Σ֮УһѰ֮շϢ˾սĺ䶯
ƱãɱС
ŻĽʱӪһʱȴŻǿߴ˷
ʱӪأҲһ
ѰǼ˺ܶϤѣЦ졢ҹ巡ȵȡ
ΨûеȵԾѡ
ѰҲһ̾ע⣬Ȼ֮Ժ󣬾ǰ̽ѰԾѵϢ
ʱƣʱӪУѻԼĪҵĹŻǿߣѰĳߡ
Ҳһʥۼսȷ̫ˡ
Щ̤ʥģҲֻѰ껡˶ѡ
˵ۣŻȫûкκһԿʸ
ǣ֣Ѱ֮ϢټʱӪУԭֵҲѹ
ĹŻǿߣѱĺѰͬ£ɸе硣
̫ˣ
ϣ
衢ЩѰżĵǿߣҲеء
ǳɹٶ࣬Ҳֵá
һ
ɹأ
עᷢȫûһ򾡵Ĳ³
ʱԽԽӪеգҲԽԽѹ֣ǿе
˶ˣԼһȾðȻǰ
״껶üͷ˻δڲĶ־ڶҡЩ
ѰһҲ֪ʲô
̲סֹ
ЩѰһֱûƵģһڸͬУƺõĿվɳһһá
ӪеһЩȫǲŲʡ
ÿоԽƽҷԽģҲһ磬̾ҿŻ֮ǸͲؽֱˡ
Ц
㻹Цó
Ƴһۡ
Цֶѡ
֣ôоеûˣ
һЦȴѰѴԶ̬ɣüȴƣ
Щֻһڲ󣬽ֻ׭Ǻĵͼ󣬾ͺķ֪پѪ
ȴʥҲﲻæҲݲóκһ˿ء
ѰҲֻԼһͷɡ
ˣ
һ
Ѱͷ񣬻һҪ
£
һǣԵβƲУ˵ʬѪˮֻǵ׺֮һǵĸҪΪ
Ѱ˵ԣҪλæһվɳԽԽã޽һ衣
껺赹һԿվɳһǣ
뷨ֱǷ
գȻˣҪһսУ˿ƵĲ֮ǣ
ѰԣԴǼᶨһԺУٱ֮ҹŻǿߣҲٶأ̴ֻ˳֮ڲ֮أ
껺Զݡ
ףѰǵͼлҪ󣬿ǵûҪԶ
죬껵٩֮ǰΪԵ˵ʬΪǣԭ뷨
Ѱ΢΢һЦģ˵ʬǿ϶˳ÿһשʯϣ

һʱ䣬껺ҲæµһȥѼվɳһһȺʥһѶѵĿվɳƳһ޴שʯ
ÿһשʯϣѰ׭ϲͬĵͼ
ӪеǿߣҲֹǡʬɽѪءеʬǺѪˮһһ࣬мĥǲϡ
ʱ䣬֮ԽԽˡ
һ죬껴ҴҷʱӪأһϢ
ߴѱ¹ŻĽ֮أ
һʱ䣬ʱӪУտǰÿ˵Ķ꽫٣˭ܲţ
ΨѰЩ⣺ôûѪħ
Ѫ¾̣ΪеһЦȵס
ɫŹ֡
һһˡ
Ѱһһ䡣
˵ţѰӰӿգ֮£ʶɢҰ
ͼʱӪΪĵķԲ֮أÿһξ룬һߴĽɫʯɽ
ЩɽһվɳƳɵľ޴ʯשѻɡ
Ϊˣ껼һؾзֲĿվɳȫգ
ﷶΧ֮ص·˿ɼĵ£򸲸һͼ
ͼ׭ڴϣͼ·һݺύ޴Եʥ
һо۵׵ѰҲһ󼤵֮ʱԵѪΪ
ʮ
Ѱ˵֮վʣ죬ɾһ죬һֱѲ߮ȫػʱӪء
׼Ϯ
껵Ĵ羪ף쳹ʱӪϿգһʱ䣬Ӫǿ߻һɫ䡣
ˣǰˣ
ৣ
ͬʱѰӰڿգһϮ°Ʈ忡ȣ
֪ǲɵĵ֮ǰ
쳹Ӫأ˽һԭѰԤϵˣ
һ룬ÿǿнĪһɣܵѰеϢȾ
֣ս٣֪жٰգ
̲סС
һʱ䣬ĿˢˢѰϣнšҲڴ


1552 ѹ
ѰĿ⸩ӣӪӰŶڴɫ
УĪһɺ飬սֻսɣ
Ұ
껺һ
ȫҲס
ѵѰҪһˣ
һʱ䣬ټӪһƬţÿ˶һŵģ
֮ǰǿɶ˺Ӫعľģѿ룬ѰȴҪӭս
̫⣬ϣ
֣⡭
̲ס
Ѱڱ䣬Ц֣һֻӪعսɡ
ɫԴǡֹԴˣ껺Ƕֻ»ỳǲǷˡ
ǿʮλʥˣʮһ
۾ս˭Ѱԣһ֮֮
Ѳǵ󣬼ֱǷ
ʱӪУ˽Ѱĵţ
ˣҵȾһѣ
һᶨ
ɲҪһǿţǹŻӪأǴҶȥƴ
˵
ӪҲ׷׵ͷ
ҪԤĸ졣
ء
أʱӪص˷һһãĺŽлսĺغɫ䡣
ۿɼɲɱ֮ѹѹƣܿӶʱӪϵ񷶼ڱΣһƬ谵
ӪУѻȸÿ˺һϣǲãĺŽǡĹ޴ݺͷÿ˶ɫ䡣
δ٣ǵصɱ
˿̣ǶѰģӪеŻǿ߶оһǰδеѹ
ûãɳʯɱ֮缤ķףʱӪȫС
һ˲ֱĩռ١
껺裬һڿնķ
Զƽϣһ̣ɲĺƣǵأսĺ˼䣬кŽǲãɱ֮ϯ
ϸȥͼ糱ˮӰһɫ˳˷Ӷ
ѹǳݣ
һϵӰӲͬķ򣬳ʱӪӿ
һλλʥˣֱһףǿֲϢ
ƵĴǧƵʥвʤĳپߡ
һ𣬽ɢϢܻɲؼŰ
ⲻǷ۵ĴҲѰߴ
һ֧֧ɾʥ˴ӣʥپ߻۶ɵĴ
ǵ龰ǸڹŻУֱκ˾
껺һۣɫͷֻʮλʥˣһֲ֡
ᣬʮһ֮ĴΪĶǳپߣ
һսѰһܿס
жһ˲ĶҡĿⲻԼͬأԶӪǰ߿еѰϡ
ѰǣӰ˿ŲƵʯΨжһƤƺ«ƣ̬ʣƶԼٵһս޶á
ĸѰС飬
أһ쳹һĸߴӰ
һ뷢īʮɸߣӿһȦȦӡ
ĲǣԺ󣬸ֳһֹӰںһͷ޴˷ˡ

һλڤеľʥˣҲǴ˴еһλ
һȶѣȴըף쳹ÿͷŻǿ޲ɫ䣬ƣֱ̫ˣ
ߣ
âһ
ȴʱѰһָ̤ǰ¡һһ޷ݵĿֲƣϳ
һ˲ڷƮӰתͻ͵Ĺ⣬ڱĺƺɱ֮ȫ顢һգ
ѹȶƣҲһ˲ʹݿ塣ɫ΢䣬â
ͬʱʱӪֻһɣһѹ֡ȫһɨա
ٿѰʱĿѴһĨȣ
Ҳһ̣ǲۼʶ̤ʥѰǺε֮ǿ
ʱӪ⣬˷ѹȶҲǽĿ⿴˸֮ϵѰ
ҲǵһμɱѪħѪɺӣһ˾Χһǵˣ
һȻͬ졣
еһھʥˣ¶ɫʶвûп
Żӿֳһҫò˵ܳϡ
ɡ
Ҳ˰ˣ
Ǵ˴Σб
ʮλʥ˳ڤ˾еκһˣҲâ
߿УѰеƤƺ«ĿƳһ
ͳ仰ĺѿ
Ȼźεӣټؼ쳹˶һ㵡
ѹǣŻ;ĩ·ӣ˿
Сǲ㡣
˴Ц
ţһЦǵص
ҲϷʣ˵Ҫؽ֮ôһ
ҲЦˣԣǿһӲӵĴɽǵשʯȻҲֻһѶʯͷˡ
ߴԵ޿֣ܵɫЦ̡֮ɫ
ʼǻΪ˵һǰεض룬ɱʱһڷ絲ĳǽûУ
ֻŻһ𣬾ƵģԵǰ
ǵˣ˼ɣ޼ɵ
ɶ񣡡
Щ飬ţ
ʱӪУȺ۷ŭɫѿһҧгݡ
λɲҪСЩ˵׼ڴ˲
һͯպ׷۵߿ڣѡ
Ѱ𴽽ЦݣƳһۣɫȻ˵ĲⷽԲ֮أѱҲ½ҲĵطڴС
˻һȫһ
һھʥ˽Ŀ˸ʶɢʼգҲûܸܵκһ˿Ϣ
ߣװŪ
˰ȻȻнΣĪǻܵסҵȵĹɣ
ҲЦ
ǰȻнΣһ֮ˣ
סǵĹ
ȴѰ¶һĨڽ֪Ҳʱֻȣɴû赲
ǣ
ŭЦһЦ
ƵҲЦѰǿһֲ֪ĵز
ٺϻְɣ
˱ȡ
ˣҵһ֣ɱӣȥ̤ƽ˵أסŹһ򣡡
Ҳϣɱ
䣡
һ˲ƥɱؼǬɫ䣬ȫ
ǿֲϢŻǿ߻һʹ
Ӳֱѻʯûʲô
ͬʱѰҲʮھʥ˵Ѵ˷Լ

ȣըס
ͬʱѰһӣһƬѤʥ磬ٿȻӳ


1553 
ؼ䣬ãŽսס
ʮһӲͬ򣬲ͬ򣬺Ȼ
ǵصıܻͬĿɲ󣬳ʱӪسɱ
ѣǡ磡
ң𵴣ضһʧɫѤáĹû
ǵһĻֱҪ㡣
ֲ̫
껡һĻɫ΢䡣
һھʥˣȫ֮ǰ֣һգɱ
Ŀֱָ꣬Ѱһˣ
һΣյ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ѰۻӶһƬ𣬹жʮĵһʥɵ죬ʱӪصĲͬλת˲ʧ
˿ɼĵصһѱµĵͼȻֳĹ⣬ӳ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
һɲǣ췭ظ󣬰εض𣬷ܶ嫵ĵͼչټʱӪС
ԶԶȥǡһƥľ޴󵰿ǣʱӪϣӳֳһƬĿޱȵĽɫĻ
ĻУɹĵתܻһƵӰе´ежģеմ߮ķ޲嫡
ǡһȣͻʥ޷֮С
֮
ͬʱѰָļΪ̵ʥӳһʧ
𣡡
Ѱס
¡
Ӱ֮صİգٿȻӿֳһǹ⹴նɵĴ
һ֣һƬǿӳšƴļ֮С
ľ֮족
һϵжѰһ˲ɣò˼顣
ʱһھʥ˵ɱ
䣡
Ŀɲײ쳹ֱһһɽͬһʱ䱬ʢĹϼŽŰⷽض
ʲô

ȻѲд󣡡
Զһھʥ˸ɲЩ⡣
ǵҰУѰ֮أһƬǿգǺתƮҷǹ˸¡ɬĹ켣
֮ǰһеĹںʹײб⣡
ǿеѰڷƮԡӲӵǻԣʥ飬ֱǳ֮ӡ
¡¡
ţһ̶ܼײǵذ㣬ʮضѡ
󣬾ڶ
ͼʱӪܣһɫĻǣͼӰУһȡ
˷ХĿɲȫһɫĻ赲⣬ײȴ޷ֺ
⡭
궯ţǱΪƾһԽʱӪظ
˭룬Ⱦʣ
Ǻε󷨣ܵסǴ
ʱӪУ껡ģһ̷ɣһظĸо
֮ǰǿɶ̲סˣ
Ц졢ҹ巡һڹŻǿߣҲһ̻
û֮ǰǺεȽšѹ֣Ϊһγ֮£Ҫء
룬һհĽɫĻ֣ȫУȫ
ǶһΰĻ㱸оٿѰеӰʱ˶¶ȡ֮ɫ
ЩǶѰһֱæµҹز󣬿ȴûõֶξжǿ
ڣˣ
ˡ
ɫĹĻɢʥĹ⣬ͻͺ嫣βƵıݣʱӪС
ǰɱǿ֮࣬ӳѰܣɢɬļµĲ
һУ⡢⧲ɫ𲻶
ߣѣ̤Ʊǣ
ߡ
֮Уֲṳ̂ƽ˵ء
ҲЦ
д赲Σ
ʮλʥˣʮһǰ裿
̤ƽǣ
Ѱ䣬ɫȻڣǸղŲʣΪûǣΪȱϰڣˣҲԿʼˡ
ﶼһЦСӶѱǣֱɥĲ񣬳׷ˣ
֣
һھʥ˱ȡ
¡
ãĺŽҵսٶ쳹ؼ䡣
ȫΧ磬һɷǺ
Ѥùĵ
ʽı
粻ҪǮƵģؼѵк£ޱȻңҲޱȿֲ
дӻɹŻǿ̲סһţȹֲ̫ˣ̺׽Ĩ
ЩۺεͺͿɲնһرס󣬹ŻǿߵĽģ
һɫܻ
һ󣬾޷
ǿɲţ
һʱ䣬ǵĹˣʥһڳپߣȫ
ֻǣǻȻûвǽµصһһ;ͼϢת

߿֮ϣһھʥҲѳ֣ںѰǰġɱ󡱡
ǵĳ֣ɸֲõĵƿصʥܣƿֲޱߡ
Ⱥ£ɱһ󷭹Χǳ˸
С飬˵㵱һˣѹȵѪħ򻤵֮˸ҳôԼȴ
˴Ц
ֻǲǴʱľһĻ
ѰȻ
СǲǷˣǰϾҪƣǣ
˶ˣЦѡ
ȷܻѹǰΪƾЩ󷨣ܵסǵɱ
ʱʱӪеĹŻǿߣһɲʱѰ˼ǣ
ʱˣǵĹۿˣ
ȴѰ͵̤ǰһңңһָԶ³һ֣
𣡡
䣡
ʮ֮⣬ĵ˴̾ᣬǽ£͵سģѤһԲĴգӵ
գۼ䡣
ɱڿն֡
һתͼǧɷĻ۶ɵ񽣣ɱͨǵء
ã
㣡
쳹ɸܣͼһƬУ󸲸ڵĵˣȫܵĴ
ۣ
һȺһȺӰݽƵıƥĽնɱѪѵʬ
һ˲ѣϰ֮ڱУλŲƶܵʥ
¡
ɱȫתʱؼ䣬񽣷ĺХɱǬ޿ƥ֮ơ
ĵˣȫͱУûУѵĽϯ顢
ǿֲܣóһƬңŭĲҽڶ
˲䣬һںɱ󡱵ľʥˣһɫ΢䡣
һƬ򸽽пɲޱߵɱ󣬶ʼգȴһ㶼ûв
ʱӪУһڹŻǿҲǵõɴ۾⣬Ѱɱ
̫ˣ
̶̼ѡ
ǧˣɱĨɱʬǺѪˮѻһأѪ֮졣
һЩҶܿɱǿߣѾɫɷףľ֮С
ղһĻĻ̫Ѫȡ̫ɲ



1554 ľĿ
ѪȡԵһĻնһ
ҲڴʱѰȻλ뿴ЩʬǺѪˮͽΪǲϵһ֡
˵⣬Ѱ䣬ȻֻǺСһ֣ԶԶ
һھʥɫ١
ǧ˵ѡ
ǿУֻλʥʧ޷ʲô
λֳһˣȥͺ󣡡
˱ȡ
Զشأתǧ񽣣ɱķԾڶԸеǿ˺
ʮλʥһȥѹƺͺɱ
λŸտʼѣҲż
Ѱɫһ㶼⣬·һжС
ߣСӣҿͣ
ﱩȣʥһƵģʥԾɱк
Ѱңңһָһ򣬵˵ˣʲŸտʼٿ
䣬Զƽף
¡
֮£Ƶģ޾貵ķͼȻӿ֣йһ
УĿزã绡ܣ񱩵׵ٲɱ¡
ɫɫɫɫɫɫԳ֮ɱƹ񵨣
ɱ
һӿ֣׵ʮϰٸǿ߶˲䱻ɱҷ
ԵɱϢȫһ󾪺
µǣЩ׵㣬ؼ䣬Өȴܽʥɱ
ʱӪУճ׷ˣһڹŻǿ߶ڰ֮УĿһĻѪš
Ԥ뵽Ѱֶο϶ˣȴû뵽֮֮ף
㣡
ɶĵ
ļ
һĻһھʥɫһ䡣
ǰ;УҲв̽и֪ûзκһ˿ƵĺۼϢ
ڣȴ½ⷢǶһֲִ֮С
ǲǺ⣿˵ǲһ׽
ѰȻڡ
һʱڲ֮ʱѽֵֿܳһһ˼⡣
⸲ǰ֮ص󷨣Ϊ˲˵ľѰǻѴ˼ԵͼĶһϢ
򣬵Ŀܸ޿ֵؿ
⣬ͽ׽
һ仰˵ɫѿС飬ΪһЩ󣬾תǬˣ
ҵȥ󣡡
ʮλʥ˳ɱȥ
ɱ󣬻ɱ󣬽̫ǿ󣬶ɱʥ
̤ƣʱһãԻ޷Ĵ
ɱҲǣסɫһԶĿؿѰ
С飬𣬾ʹ
˴ȡ
˵ʱȫڹѰڵľɱ󣬴ҺϷ⣬ܿͻᱻƣ
ʱ
˵ĿУŨҵɱһʱӱɣ
ǱӪϿյĴ󣬷ûбǷУɱѰǵԿɽ塢
ȴѰ˸ָ۹ⲻ¶ˣٿ
˵ţңңָ
˶һвȻĻУ
ϢأڼԶĵطӿֳһƬɹķһããĴ
ҝƮУһƵһƬһƬǿߣɴ۾ɵڵء
𣬿ȴѱĨ
⣬ǡɱ󡱣
޷ɢƬضǣеǿߣƾ޼£ھ㵡־еز
ǹ˵һĻ֪ټ
ǲǺܾʣ
ѰջĿ⣬ˣͫ䡣
Ϊһ죬ҿ׼˽֮ãע˲֪Ѫж˲٣ЩҲֵ
ȻƮɫ粻
ǵȷû뵽Ѱ֮󣬾һһ޲ƿɲɱˡ
һʥסԶġɱ󡱳ȥ
µĸ֣ʱ÷
졢ءɱ󣬷ֱǣһʥˡ
УѰڵľɱ󸽽ľʥࡣ
е䱻¾һ֣ɱϾжʮһ֮ڣʮ֮һ
һֱڳ֣硰ȡİ֮
񻹲Ч
ʱԣʱӪеĹŻǿ߻ǰȫġ
껡Բڿս֮ǰѰԣҪһС
ʱ˶Ϊ̫ˡ
ڿһеľƶƺӦѰĻ
ɣֻҪˣһȻӭж⣡
͵أɭȻڣʮء
λȫɱ˴ӣ
ﱩȡ
Уɱ󼴽
ɾڴʱѰ͵طһЦ̬ɽӡ
ˣΪҸղںǷϻֻڵһʱѡ
ڣʱˣ
һֱѰһӣʣµʮΪ̵ʥХȥ
䣡
ɱ֮ӵеױã֮УֱһƬ
Ľ羪κˣնڤնģɢʮɱ֮϶
ɱУҲ֮仯ѤùױӿֳһƵ׵Ӱ紫˵е顢
ţɱҲ仯ããǵصƺҝɫУ˸ŹĹꡣ
ԭҡҡ׹ľɱҲһ춯صĺУȻɱ䡣
˵֮ǰһƬǿգת
Ǵ˿̵ľɱ󣬾һƬǺӿһ貵Ǻӣ
һϵеı仯һǳɡ
Ҳڴʱľ֮󣬱˴˺ӦΪһ壬֮أȫУ
Ҳڴʱľ֮󣬲ĳ䡣
񷸩ͻֻ֣ᷢɢĽƲɢǧﷶΧϣγһ֡ʱؽͬĴơ
·֮ԿǺƬضԿ
⣬ǶΪķѰʱ䣬Ųµľ֮ȫתĿ
ã
ʲôʥ
ˣ޷Ųƣ
ҲУнܲ
һ̣Ⱦʥˣ޲ɫ䣬ܵһ˿
Ǵ˿һƬǺУʧȥһϵ
ͬʱУһһʥˣֱɱУҲͬ
ġ·µš
޷Ǻֱ롣
ʮҲֻͬǰһǰﶼѳ״䡣
˵ȥʱӪأ޷ҵ·
ĹˣǺĽ硢ױŰȡãã֮ء
һ֮Уڴ˿ͣ
Ѱڱâһ
ɱ¾Ӵ˿̲㿪ʼ



1555 
ضʧɫ
ľȫתͷųĽƲɨǬǧ
ৣ
Ѱڿն𣬴תÿһ˿ϸڣ˺ֵسͷ
ڣͣɱ¾
¡
УǺӿ衢׵Űϯҝ
ѵģ
¡¡
ǳϯÿһŶһɽĥѹǬ
ĵˣ޲˲ըķѣѪŽܸߡ
һһǺӿ裬ֱϲֻ֮Ӷ췣֮ޣÿһǱ̢ܴʮϰٵ
һϣס
һھʥˣҲھɱܻǺУۼѪȵһĻĻһ۾ˣ뷢ŭţȫ֡
꣡꣡
Ϭĵ绡ڿ񱩵УŰķ籩ؼХڡ
ÿһɱһ׽٣Ƥֱӻɢͽʬ䡣
ȻʥεĴڣŰ׵绡ɱ£ش
⣬
죬ס
һɱܻ׵Уͬоʥ˷ŭ޷ɱǰС
ϣ
ɱܻĽУܼĽ˸âХ䡣
ֻǽ˵
նеǿߣһʽƵģ֫ϱۺɣѪƵƵĿġ
һھʥһȻɫ䣬ŭڣȻ֡
ཻڴˣɱܻ磬ҪͿֲ
Щҝӹ֮һ߾ߵʬ壬ÿһʬ
ɫ˺֣д˾֡㵡
ЩʥˣеһëȻɱֻ֮УҪ˷ʤ
ƴȫǿֿܹҪȴһʱ̸޷쵽
⾿ʲô󣿡
Ϊλֲ

ңҡ
ľɱУҽŭ˻ڶ𣬼޾Ѫȡ
ʮĴһɫپǿߣԼ֪ٵʥȴݾޡ
ǲֻ̡Ȼ壬һɫ䣬ҳһš
ѰɫһƬĮȻ
Ѫħ磬һˣɱʮλʥ˵Χǻ֮ǰȴѡֹ
ΪΣ
ԭڣǻ֮иżǿɲĽţóȻС
ķѽ֮ãڴ˵زõľ֮󣬱֮Ѫħ绤֮ϸǵĽй֮޲
ҲˣѰڿս֮͸˵һһееĻ
У衢껺ĹŻǿߣһĻĻĲɱ¾С
˶ɴ۾ͣüд𺳡
Ѫ꣬Ƭµʬ壬ŭĲҽСճһһѪĻ
ʥΣ
УҲֻܱʱͬҲһģ
ʥΣ
УҲֻ֧ܿţ
Щĳپǿߣǲֱݽ㱻һһո
껺ӣԿԷе𺳡
Ѱ֮
ķѽʱ䣬ŻѪڽգ¶ͨǵأɨɱ֮
ֻǣǶû뵽ȴͽ󣬾˿ֲ
Żǿߣһ̶Ѽʧһɫͣȫ򿺷ܶ΢΢ڡ
һʱ㣬ֻܶأĲ֪
ЩУ̤ɱ¾ֱ񣬲֪жٹŻǿߣս
֪жپɾ޵콾ޣ֪ٷ绪Ůӱĥ
Ѫᣬޣ֯ÿͷ
ԣ˵Ѱؽ֮ǣǲһеأ˷
Ϊͷһ
ֻǣеǿ󣬻ǳϣǵšǾ
ڣһжȥˣ
Ѱһˣתֻ죬
ǰξ֮ҹŻ򻤵֮Ǳ̤ƣ֪ͱ¾ڴˣһΣһѩǰ𣿡
߬ȭͷ૳
ܣһܣ
˶Զ߿ѰһεӰɫȡᶨɡ
һӰȻһˣᣬȴ޵֮緶հҫۣ
ڣһѩǰܵĻᣡ
ֻһУڣս棬ԺעҲȥ
ͳΣһΣϣˣ
ǰϣ
Ц졢ҹ巡桢ˣ¶֮ɫ
ǰֻŸҶԱѩʲô˼
ڣһˡ
еĿϣ

ǲ
֮ϣѰûκηɣһֱڹעľɱеһж
սĹԼõľɱҲܵһ̶ȵѹơ
Ѱƶϣ˵ɱһʥˣɱһȺֳľʥˣҲӦòڻ£
ʱڴеЩʥˣƶΪǱɶδ˽ǡ
ȥʱˣ·ȫľǺͲˡ
ţ
Ѱע⵽ھɱУһھʥˣѿʼӱ߳ʼ
ԭܼ򵥣ʮʥУߣͻʮˣ
ʮˣֱͬɱС
ʮʥһȫ֣Ȼһɱļơ
ңֲھɱеһ˱УӶ˱³
ԺͿ󣿡
Ѱ䣬¶һĨɱҲʱˣ
ৣ
һ̣Ӱƾʧ
죬ȫ˴󣡡
ɫᡣ
Ѱֲ֮ȷһ̶ֲ̲յʱ䣬ڶࡣ
Ķδʥ֮ʥ˶δѣﻹ
ֻɱڣŭޱȡ
˴һ֣ƵʮλʥȴСޱȵĹŻǰһֱܴ裡
սʤˣظӪʱҲעʣԵúܶˣЦ
ɱ
˴Щ򣡡
һΣҪһңɢ
ʥҲɫ࣬ŭ£һ߶طһװ㣬ʹսһ
ңѾռϷ磡
ɾڴʱѰӰƾո֣һһλʥǰȭɱ
䣡
ھѰ塢ֵ;֮һȭԲɵֵ֮ӳ쵽˼£ҲԵ˼¡
һȭͷѣȴ˵ĸоɱһ̫ɽȭͨ
飡
⣬Ǿʥ˸һӦͱһȭǰǵһУ򱬣ը
Ԫ񶼻ӶݣͱɽХȭӲ촷۱飡
һʥˣһȭɱ
Ҳǿսһɱľʥˣȫ


1556 Ԫ֮
С
껶һѰһȭɴ䣬һɱǵǶеޡ
ڹŻǿߣ˿̶ѿɵۣ̿ˮ
һȭ
ɱʥˣ
Ҳ̫ײˣ
Уʥ˼ֱװĴڣɻɱκʥ
Ѱ¡ȴ˲
ҲǵһۼʶѰս
֮ǰľվǵƽ󣬽õشսȫ
ǲ֪ǣɭʱ
ѰһΩΩһķţܹѪ޵λʥ˵Χɱ£תս֣һеС
οڣ
һѰսھʥУ̤һĸ߶ȣ
Уһھʥ˽һͻɫ䡣
Ѱͻأɱһͬ飬Ҳе;£ѪȵһĻ̫ġ
Ƕ¶ϲ֮ɫûɱС飬ȴҳڴУ
ұ⣬Ѫħɱ˲پʥˣսǱѰ֣ȫԸ
Ҳ˼侲ѡ
˸ǵȻҲ֪ѰսʱԲκε
Ϊƾ˶ƣܸı֣ǿɾʹشˡ
ѰȻڡ
ɱ󣬽ƿ֮УԲɱԼϡ
෴˶ڣʱ޿̲Ŵɱͳһǣá
˵ڴУѰռ
ɱ
ﱩȣ޷ϻҲûʱϻʱԽãͶǵĴԽ
ΪþɱľʥˣǵȻףɱУѰǺε֮
ѰսͲС
¡
һʱ䣬ʮλʥˣںʹԿͬʱԷֳһȻ
û˱ͼʥڿաХһƬǺУǶҡļ
һԣ̤ʥǿߣԼֵ;С
Щľʥ˶ԣδʥʱмֵ;е
Ϊ򣬲ޡϵ١赲
ܹڳʥʱֵ;һ̤Ͼ۵ģ֮٣ڷëǰĴڡ
ˣԲֽɫͬҲŲͬ;УֻǶ̤۶ѡ
ʶ˿Ҫһ߶Կһ߶֣ǵսǿ֮Ѱʥɱȡ
ϧǣȫ֣ҲѰвο
䣡
սɱУѰиֳһʺѪҺɵ񽣡
˽ӳǶָĽֳһѪӣˮиħʬʬˣƿһС
飡
һɫֱӱնϣ罣ס
УĿѪɫܣֳɫꪵһʥͷ­䡣
Ԫ
͵أϹ¶ޱȼɵ֮ɫ
ѰЩ⣬УҲ֪Ԫ
ŻУһֱһصĴ˵ϹʱһѪڤ̵ĵͳ
˵ͳУѾױһԪѪڤ֮ӡ
һǣѪڤ֮
Ϊɱ˲մʥ˶ɵ֡
ѰеѪױԪǴڤжõսƷ
ڴ˽ڲطӡˣھ֮УڤҲòô˽
ҲѰΪʥ֮󣬲Ž˽ӡһһҿ¶ܣ
ڤӽʲôˣ
˾С
ɶ񣬾׽˵˽𣿡
Ҳŭ
ȼҵķӦѰüڤӽۣ
ѵ˵Ԫɹ˺õ񶼲
һڣúһ²С
Ѱһ˼⣬жɲԪʺѪɱɱأ޿ƥУ޿赲֮
ۣ
ûãһʥ˶һƶǣʵ˻𣺡Ԫ
¡
ܿ죬оʥѣֻǱɱܻһǺϯ嶼ĥ顣
ȻֱѰزһױ
սУѰҲԪУɲޱȵѪֱ֮ͨ㣬һֿʥѪϢ
һһʥˣ˽Ҳɺ죬һѪϢ
Ǳ塢ѪȡĽѰɳѰľεǿȻܱӰ쵽
ˣѰľѡ
˽һɫʵױһʥ޷ֵķâͻᱻն顣
ңҲǿļ£ȫɱ¾㣬ԽȾѪԽ
Ƭ̹ѣʥ˱޲ǱԪѪ״ҡ
Ԫʺˣ糱ݡ
ɶ񣬴˽紫˵ǰ㣬ɱʥԽ࣬ƾͻԽǿɱ¾֮
˵˽УһѪӣ˽ѪԽ࣬ѪӾͻ嫡ȡӿô˽ҲԽԽ¡
һξ֮ʱв֪ʥˣڤӽԴ˽ɱʱڤӽۻֻһ̤ʥ˶ѡ
һھʥɫ࣬ÿһü䶼Ѵϼɵ֮ɫ
սʱǵľҡ
ɱУǴڲĴУѰǿ󣬸ǳǵϡ
Ԫû˵˽
һξ֮ڤӽֳԪǶɱðʥ˶жףɾ
һξ֮Ȼðʤɴ£񶼱ܴ裬̹Ǵޣ
Ԫ䣡
ɱ
һУѰƲɫ磬ֽɱݺУ¸ҡ
ʱУһһʥ֮¡
֮У衢ǻ򶨣֪Ѱֳ֮ǵڤá
ɶԹŻǿ߶ԣ˿̵Ѱֱһɱ¾ľħ
ѪȵĽնʥˣʥѪ졣
㻹Գƽħ𡭡
Ц̲סƳһҹ巡
ҹ巴ǳ鴤һƺŶѣøѰֺη
ǿʮλʥ˰ȴ߹㣬Ѱһһɱ˭ܸңǲǻþ
һŮɫʧ
ǣ
˶ЦɫҲǼ֮ɫ
ǰһУȷһһ㲻ʵ˲˼飬𺧡
˭ⲻΣ
ڣԲҪ̤ƽ˵أɱǹŻǿߡ
ڣǻǱ󣬱ɱɾ
Ǿʹ￴ţǲЩã
̲ס˵
һʱ䣬˽̾ؼǣս˭ܰѰæ
ǲԸʵҲ
ûλ۳ʥֻԶԶ
ɱС
ȴһɾѪȵգ̶̲ӣ½һﱻѪ
ʣµˣѱɱõɱþ


1557 
ɱУǺתһſŴѹգԺҫ۴Ŀƾˡ
ۣ
ĿѪ⽣âһһλʥ˱ͷ­䣬ʬһǺ飬籬
Уѽʣλʥˣ
һ̣ܵ˿־壬ɫŭͷԵޱȡ
̶̲һյʱ䣬ʮλʥˣɱֻʣˣֲ̫
ԴҲ벻˴Զ˾ᱻһ
û뵽Ѱս֮ǿȴлҪǿ
С飬Ϸƴˣ
͵أһ˻쳹޾ķŭ
Ȼ̧ͷͿһͬ飬ȼհ㣬Ѱɱȥ
ǱƷ
𵴡
ۣ
֤ƴҲͽͣԪâһλƴľʥ˱նϣʬС
ɺĿѪˮ̼˸ֻʣˣ
Ѱħ񣬳ѪɱʥˣʥѪǿƵһͿ

ʧ޷ܡ
˴Σʮλʥˣʮƺεǿ
ڣȴᣡ
ۣ
־ҡ֮ʱоʥ˱üı̴Ǳ飬أڲҽС
ǿǾʥˣ
ѰУ翳вƵ⣬˵ԶйսĹŻǿߣĿֹ࣬
Ѱжǿ
⣬ͬֱţʥУĴڣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʱУ½оʥ˱ѪѰеԪʺˡ
ǽֱѪĻ
ʱӪϿգѱһѪɫһһʥɰ֮쳹ʮء
˲
ϣ
УѪʺһ£ԭͶҡѵĶ־ױֲû
֮ǰ˵ĺѿôˣɾ̫ˡ
Ѱ䣬Ԫһӿ嫵ѪɫڤӣҪ˶ɡ
ɫأҧгݣΪӮˣڤ˾ʶвȻȫЩŻȫĨһ
ۣ
ԪٿȻ̳ţʹƺߣɫҵдԹʡ
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ǧﲻҵɱУ̵гݺޣ
գһеУѰ֡

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֮ǹŻӪڽӵһڷ絲꣬Ļ֮
ǰǿɶһ㶼룡



1558 ս֮
񷣬Ѫʥ֮أ쳹
߿֮ϣѰۻӶʱӪΪĵķԲ֮أһɾ޴ɫשʯɵĽɽɢĵͼ
Щשʯÿһ鶼һɳߺ񣬹⻬ɿվɳƶɣһֶصĲӲӽԡ
ÿһשʯ֮ϣͱѰһһ׭̵ͼʱ˾֮תһɵĽɽҲ֮ʹӦ
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ҰУһԡѪɫĽɫǽۿɼٶȰεض
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߿֮ϣѰɫרעʱӶ˫ʮָо׼ϸĿƺá
ڲ֮Ѱöɵÿһϸڣÿһɽõķλÿһשʯ׭̵ĵͼԼʱγϡ
һе⣬ʱУͱѰݹΣղȷһϸڡ
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ûзѰһϸߵ͵˼ɽӴʱˣ˷ѰϵľɣһֱִŵһߵͣǷ̫ΪԼˣ
Ψһĵǣս֮󣬰бȻѰΪĸ֮Ժ󡭡Ҳ֪жջήϡ

սѰһ֮ɱһڵһ򾡣սעס
֪ЩϢʱֻηӦ
ԣҪץʱˣͰ棬Ѱһ˻ǹŻߣΨгָľʥˣܹӵսԵĵ̡
ᶨ
УǿƣǾʥ˶֪ж١
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Ԫؾ𣿡
̾аʱ䰡ϣҪ̫Ĳˡ
ԶѰһֱרע֮£Ȼҡ

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һ룬֣˶ȴԷһ˾һ˵ȲҰܣľ֮УɶӲй

ڶ9ǰҲᲹ


1559 Ѫµı
һʱ֪ϢĲֹбڤӪ
򡢾򡢴޹򡢶ɣȵӪҲ½֪Ϣ
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һˣʹݿ湻Եģ
ɷʯƺ䣬ǰһ߷ǽ塣
ˣǬɣĻ޲ҲϢŭ
һƶ񤡢˥䡢磬ΪһѰߴĳܴ죬һڴȫֱǰδеܴ裡
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˵գ߳Ӱΰ־
սŸոտʼѣѪ£ϴ֮裡

11ңȲͯЬٿ


1560 ٳ
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Ȼ껸ϣЩѰΪеĹŻǿߣеҪ֮ǡ

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ԶһƿһȺǿɱ׷
λŻǿ߻һɫˡ
ۣ
ûãɺѪˮ
λŻǿɵڵأ룬ǰŻĽ磬һоͲһ˰ɣ

ƵһĻĻڰӪڵĵзš
֪ЩɢеĹŻǿߣ޲صüΡ
ڰķ񱨸£˱һһ˳һرɱˡ
ȻҲŻǿգΧյִŻĽС
ڵƽϣͨӲʥϢĻ֮ʱ
ЩһһֱأµĹŻǿߣһĳ嶯
ֻǣһ֮ǿ;УзЩͽˡ
ʱǿǵΣû֧ԮѰ
ڣǰѰӣ񱻾֮⣿



1561 Ϲ
º
ѰӴγס
ȫϤƿؾʥҲʥÿһǺεȼѡ
޿ģҪĸֻ쳵עͣǰ
ˣֵĵ;ԴĲԼĥҪķѴʱ;
ѰʥеΪֻ˵ȹ̵УڳԲزʥһ֮ң
ġԴɽι̺ۺ񣬹ʶڴ˾У޿ƥС
ȻֻΪ
ʥսĸߵͣʹԼƿصıﶼеĹϵ
ѰʥżһΩΩһİء
ھʥг޵УҲָտɴ
ϼһҵıˣ
ѰһһӨӨ֦͸ֶһͻһ֦ҶܣɲԾĹ
һ걻Ѱӵعؾдߵ
Ͳһ
ɿ˵ʱ֦ҶҡΣϵһӨѩĶдзӶ
Ҷû뵽˱˲˼飬ҵԽԲزɴ˱ȴ޵׶Ƶģ֪ĵҶٱԴ
˵һ۵ļƣ߶߶
ˣԪ𣬱һЩĵرһʲôϢɫɳǿԡ
Ժ϶ĺô
Ѱڷͽжꡣ
ǰھؽ֮ʱѰ㽫нһʹ
ںɱʱѰ֮ԶԪΪʱС

ܿ죬Ѱ¶һĨɫ̾
ĴԲ˼ɱ䣬â⻪̣ûǰǰáѤãһֻɬϡ
ͽСԻޡ˱ԷͬСɡ
һԲ죬ҵѿմϴ飬֪پɻûصһѶУϧǲȱģҲʱжǿ
Ҳҿвȱܹ併ΪԼı򣬾ƾʥҲע޷Ϊã
ѰƳꡰ롱һۣҲ⾪ȡ
֪ǶССһӡһѪ«Լ޲T֮ǣӡ硱á
硭
Ѱ񶼸㲻һ羿λ
ΪͨؾдأŲƵǡ硱ڣ
㿴֮ӡصĵͼ۳ˡԪ֡
ɿȻǲģӦûһûӳֳңܽ˶ʧһѰٵһעܳ֡
ѰΪȻҲ⡣
ʵ˵ҵܷ񽫶޸
ܡ
ԥƴ˵Ⱥ챦ǣ޷ϴ档
ʥ˱ɱΪʥΪá
Ѱ˵ͷڡ춴С
һӦӵеһϢӿͷѰһ
һǿҵԤУֻһбΪԼıʥ
˵һ֪γƺء
Ѱ̧ۿ
һ̣һĸоСҲ̫ҵ˰ɣ
һĿǣ˵ס淨š顯Ϊѿմ׿ͣ
飿
Ѱһǳ鴤̾ⷨţ쵱˲á
󣺡ǣǵ۴ͷţ
ѰЦԺң϶Կ⣬Ժǿ϶ǰ֮һˣ˵̫ľŵ衢ʼԴˮ
Ѱһĵرڤӣˮ𼱻ǵϵܣһҪһ𣡡
һ
ѰʹӦ
򵥣һֺҲܲ

ûãѰŶ
Ļ֮УǷ츲صı仯ֵͨ˴һεض۴αȡ
ֵϣ֯ˮŮ٣ΪߵͣÿϣԴһַĵЦݡ
ط˲¥
ѰɣⲻھսһֵĳǳС
һ룬ѰȻе޵ǣĶгپΪֻǴһеĽѣȫѴ֮
֣
ֹӣ
ǰ
һ·ϣѰֵĵطȻܵžĽءек
һЩн֮ˣǳѰΪǰ
νΪʦѰ̤ʥΪۣԱһǰ
ᣬƾһ֮漣ɻ֮ǣΪŻǿṩһڷ絲İȫ֮أ˭ܲأ
ûãѰ껺ǵ䣬ǰԶһ
ߣƾʲô͸Ǻ칷䵱̽ڣȥ̽飿
Զֵϣһɫ䣬ǿȥŶûУҽվͽ֮Ӧ£
Χ£ǿߣԹŻǿߣڿ֡
ǺߣǺ칷һλʥǿߣй롣
룬ҶǹŻӪһԱ֪Ǻ칷óľǿ飬Ҽ˰ţûд
ڹ棬һףԼŮӵȻڡ

Ѱһ۾ϳŮߵһŮھ֮Ң롢ءǬһЧ
ٷϻ
ɫһЦԣԼȥҺ칷ɲ㣡
㡭
Ҳŭ
΢΢һЦСѾͷסǺ칷ҲǹŻӪһԱŻӪ飬ɲ˵㣡
룡
䡣
üСѾͷڹŻ˵ûˣˣҲˣ
ΧֵȺ˶ЦǺͺ칷彻õȺǿߡ
һɫָƽΪ֮
Ǻǡ
ڽвУǿǿѵڳɱˣ
ŻӪǿߵķУ
ϹЦúܿİ
أһȻһ̧ۣͼһ°ɫˣڱԶ
Χ˶һֻǵϳ˵ʱɫ䣬˺͹ľ롣
ϹʱʼҲһŭɱ˸һ
ɵϳ˵֮˵ݣ͵һɫòһŵģ
գҲһ̱üž


1562 ᴩ
ǰý뻤֮ǵһǿ֮һȻҲ˵Ѱ¼
ֻǣȴû뵽ڹۣѰȻˣ
Ҳһ󵨲ãһߵѰԭ㣬ɻ֮ǵķݶϣҺ칷岻ΪѣҲϣףǾսǰǷоɳԹվͬһӪͬԵһ¶⣬أ
Χ˽бĲѣϼһúÿ죡
ѰͷǰľɳԹԲڴ˿̼ƽϡ
˻ù밵һѰһ仰ȴɫȻһ䡣
ŻӪɲ
ƮƮһ仰Ǻ죬ǿ԰סĵŭ⣬˵Ͷ࣬ǣ
˵գҪ뿪
ȴѰȻ뿪𣬵칷֮Բ̤˳ǡ
׻͵ؽӲǡ
ǰв֮ԱǣڣȴҲӡ
⻤֮ǣѰžԵȨֻһ仰ԾǺ칷ǿߵˣ
Ѱѵڹ˽𣿡
ɫ࣬һһ١
ž
ѰһƣùڱѪݺݵȥһס

ȴѰ̤ǰӹ룬Ȼ˳ǣһ˽һй˵㣬˽Σҧң
ûڣҧأ˻˺޼ɣͲùŻһͬģ
ޣϹֱ޳֮Ѱӣɿд˳ǣǺ칷УѾ㹻ʴȣȴ֪жֱĹΣ
ѰڣȾ̲סˣȳ⡣
ԣϼһ̫Ҫֹӣǵһɣ
϶Ͻɣ֮ǲӭǺ칷壡
ʱһٲȻһǧָļơ
һʱ䣬ֱɵˣ߷ľһ֪顣
ڹŻʥߵĶ˾ڣ㣬˺
ϹΪ֮
ѰһʱúͶԷƽϣ̧뿪
æϣ˵ʹ죬ֹӣοɶлˡ
Ѱֵ껣϶Ҳⱡ
Ҽ̫ʺĻ֮ǣѻʮŻǿߣӴˣʲôУЩ֪жٺϹһļһɲ˵Ը
̾вǿ߶Ѿڰйһ𣬾ܾһеǲʹ
Ҳ֪һӪ˽ԸǣӰź͵ǲֻ֪ɣǺһɢɳʲô𣿡
Ѱâһˡ
ûãѰһֺĵУ껺衣
ڽ̸ʲôѰһİˡ
ѰһͼЦ˵һʱпɳ˲ӣãһоƿС
ҲЦڣͲһˡ
Ѱɻ󣺡ʲô
һʱ䣬гֲٲֵļһ칷塢ʥصĴ˵ȵȣҺﶼѽǶϣֻһЩһͻᱻŵΣյĵطִ
ºͿڣɻеĺȴɱڡ
ԭıһֱڵ㣿
ѰԼˡ
ЦȰڣڻԺǹŻʲôȥͰԣ
Ѱ˼Щֵļһܾӵǲأ
âһɱһӰ٣ɲǹŻ˭ԵǲںǹŻӪԣɱ˾ǡ
Ѱжʱɲ٣ǰ·ϣҲ˼⣬ν⣬û룬껶һдʩ
Ц˵飬ˣΪλҪİ壿
跭˸ۣڹŻӪֻϿһ˵ǹϵ޷׷ڡ
ѰЦ䣿ôоЦң
գѰʹӦ
ڵ죬һ籩껺£ڻ֮
Ѱϵǣ칷徹һ֮ǰ̬ȣϣκεǲԺԥشӦ
Ȼǹ뱻ѰѵһٺҲʶԾı̬ȡ
ȻҲһЩɾܾӵǲǿߣһЩϵͳǿڼһͷѰС
ڵɱʮѱȷΪڻĽɫЩֵʱʧ
ͽɱӺɽ𻢡
һʱһֱֵֺܲЩǿߣԱһЩΣճ̶Ⱥܸߵж̽Ϣ̽鱨Ѳ߮ŻĽ򡭡ȵȡ
ȻٲʣҲֻܹԹԵͷ
ֻҪܿ⻤֮УѰ껡˭ԣ˭͵
һʱ䣬֮նΪ֮һ䣬̸Ϲɭϣ껺ĵǲҲ˸ҿܺ͵ִ
ѰЩм顣
ڵ죬ƮȻ뿪Ӫء
Ԫؾٵʱ䣬ңѰһʱ䣬ȥѰԾѵ䣡
Ӿսڣѹȥһ࣬ԾţѰβģ


ɷ磬һƬԭ֮ϡ
һȺɷǿߣڲߢһΪҶľġ
Ȼ䣬һӰǰһϮ°ɫӰɰס
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ѰָһһĻӿ֣ӳֳԾǴԼӰ
Ҳ˵ǼûУƾʲôҪ㣿
ŭЦ
Ѱˣûκηϻһӡ
һȺɷǿߣ޲˲ʬ
ಣ
һ̣СӳһһЩʬУв̽
СҡͷûС
Ѱһתȥ

º
硣
ˣ
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գѰ뿪ʱһ⣬ȫ

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Ϊս֮δй¶ټѯʹǿߣҲһһĨûκκۼ
ʶʼգЩûвǺ޵ҧҲɵصѰǵĵϢ߹
һ·Ѱȴһ
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һ죬޽һƬɽУѰڹϪ֮䣬üͷ壬ɫȻ
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̧ۿȥԭ֪䣬ɽеһ̺ǰ
죬ʢһȼƵںϿգһؾŻ
ʱӰһƬȫ


1563 һλеһۣ
ɫĺ죬Ƕɽеһ澵ӣһȼĺɻ
ԭ˵ط羰续ɴʱȴɱ
ʮλԴ޽ľʥˣһϢɱƬɢϢɫ䡣
ЩʥˣŮп꣬Ҳа׷ԲԵߣ޲Я
еĸڱеıڻеĺὣϥǰеĿ潣࣬еǰ
ȻһȺ۽ʥ
޹һ޵磬ƣҲԽΪ
ھŴУսۣ޹λǰԭڣеĽ̫࣬սҲ¡
ֻǣѰû뵽һɽ룬˼ĺǰôལʥ
ÿһڽ̤֮
Ѱֻüȴδ̤ͣǰĿ⿴֮ϡ
һؾŻƵģӿС
²⣬Щ޹ľ۽ʥΪؾңǿеġѽؾŻڡ
һŻˡ
һʥǿߣ
ͬʱʮλ޹۽ʥҲڵһʱѰӰĿ˸ɫԴɫ
ѵ
һڻĺƲ²⵽ʲôϸҶü
˭
Żֻλʥˣһ껣һ裬һȻѰ
쿪ڣȴ˿˿ƵĽӿƥնиϸѷ졣
ģᣬϢʹеѰһޣڣǾô˭
䣬һ궯

һھ۽ʥһĵӣ£޲εϢ
ѰеĴеɱתе¶죬еЦζ
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̺֮ϣһɫΪĩں棬ȾһƬ֬ĺɫ
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Ѫħ磬ɱѪħ򶪾档
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ߣҵȵҪһʲô飬ֻ¾߲ˡ
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ߣ֮۲䣬ɱ޼ɣƾ˻ձصڴˣ
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ѰǿǽţΪ۽ʥǿɲţڽϣǻһѰһͶûУ
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ÿһ۽ʥһӵͨ쳹֮񽣣ɢƣһַƥĽ⡣
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Ϣ
˽ɾúʣһ峺Ȫˮ۶ɡ
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һȴ˼£Ҳֲ˼¡
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УҵײŭľУݺᣬʢĿ޹⡣
ǿľ۽ʥܲסǰʥѪʹƺߡ
ţ屻һи޷ֵͻ⣬ת˲䣬ѪģĿȫǡ
󣬳һһ۽ʥֱܵشеı壬еıն۰еıնϡ
һУͷ
ãã嫣޾ĽأںХ˷ɽӽ԰ط
ܣ
ǺεȽ˿ֲ
⡭Ǵ޹ͷ̫۵ĴУ
СҽСŭڹ쳹
ʮλʥˣڴ˿̽Ըˣɫ䣬֮ǰǴݶ򶨵š
Ƿܾȫȴ޷ѡ
ǵȽֲ̫ڣĪ⣡
Ƕһˣһѹô޹н޶̧ͷĿֲڡ
̫ۣ
Ǹ̫±ΪŻһ۵ˣ
̳ɢʱ
ϵ£һƬңҰ֮أǲơļ
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ʮλ۽ʥȾѪˣģ֮֮ǰɡ
һشʮλ۽ʥ
˿̣ؽԼţ


1564 
֮һữӦ֮ɳ
̫ƪ֮̫ء
Ѱ̤ʥʮǧѨУʮǧ
֮ǰһһʮǧ֮Ѱֵ;֮ۺ
һ̻ܣѰյǿɱֶ֮һ
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ڽϣĽţڣѰһǰһеĽŽԱݿ壡
ղһУ־壬ľ
һͽش죬⼴ڴ޹Уܹ쵽һģѰٲ
µǣѰᣬһĽޣóһ
⾿һ̥
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ѰȻʵ
֮ǰƽȻ˿ǵĿⶼѾˣβסľ塣
ߣҪɱɱǿڣ룡
ҧгݣ顣
ۣ
䣬Ѱһ̧֣һĨӳ㽫ɱ
뿪ŻĽӪµʱѰһ·ߣһ·Ѱ٣һ·УԡһҲ̡
һޱȣ˵ѰʥǾʥ˶â
˵֮ǰ˴˾޵еżôڣ͵룬ң
ŵ˵ڼǾʥˣֻҪЩɾ޵ľҲ벻Ѱķۡ
ߣ
˱ȣתҪӡ
ǽˣʧȥ˺Ѱ뱣Ҳֻӡ
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ƴˣ
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ССѷӶַսƷʱǸѰߣƵĳѼֲ֡
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Ҳ֪ΪþѰٲԾѵԵʣõѰҲԽԽĬԣƢҲԽԽˣһԲϱ֣˼ҳ㷹Ƶ顣
ûãССʰ׵ѰϣۼѰûн̸˼ʶȤûж˵ʲô
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սжǿ

ˡ
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һУѰֻ쳣ã·һ˲䣬ͺⷽصɽɽˮˮһܹܵһĴ
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ûãѰ·һƬεʱ͵һ඼ؾһ¡
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ѰһĸӦ
Ǿѣһڴ˶ӹ
죬Ѱü֮һɨգɫؼ
û뵽ײˣ
ս󣬾һֱڴ˵أ򣬶ϲܻ޽¥
Ѱһסĵļֻǣģ
ת߳¥ʶɢӦܡ
죬ڲ׽һ˿޵ϢһֱԶ翶ȥ
ѰԥӶȥ
ûãѰȻһУӰأһݴǰּ̧һƬҶ
Ҷ̾ӨֱȴԱһĨƥϢϣϿƽ⻬
ѰϸӦһ޵Ľⱻ׽
һƽƽ޷ۣܲѰУȴȫһ
һɺ嫡硢Եƥƣһ֮
ͷ·һϻеıâ価ڣɵʱǽâ֮ʢԱȺ¶
峾
ѰһĨâ񷢽
һֱڴˣ峾ڽؾֻ»һʱĴڣ
һ̣ѰԥȫŲƣʶ糱ˮɢԾϢһ·ǰС
·;ϣҲǲһĨƽ峾ϢҲһֱţȻҲΣڽв̽
ûãԶԶһ
ѰȻ̧ͷʶǶȥɲǼ䣬Ϳһֺ롢׳ޱȵٻ档
һۻΡɫɽɽϿգīڵĽظǣҹ֮Ļ
һɲĽ㣬ڽзĺ޶սġ
һƺƴ󺱼ĳʥ֮٣
ܿ죬ѰȻһʶαһɽ֮۵ٻӰǣ
ٻӰԼ޳һϮȹƮһͷں˿߸¶һ续׵İӡ
Ȼһˣɽ֮ϣԼӰתƵĵ⣬ֱٳƵģһ־Ķǵ
ֻǣ˿ɫȴأ̧񷣬أϢܿͻήˣ
ѣ

һ˲Ѱ̲סЦˣĿϲá
ݱһ࣬յط֮ϲˣ
ѰɫϲþͱһĨ֮ȡ
ʶУ׽һϢһƽʵԵ֮Ϣ



1565 
ɽΡ룬Ͻƺأ׵罻֯սġ
ɲĻϢضһּϢѹַΧС
峾ڱڲԶĿңңɽ֮۵һԼٻӰһĨĪЦ⡣
ǰؾΪѰһ͡ʥйصĻԵһ
û룬һݻԵȴѱ˵ȥ
Ȼ󣬾ͱ񣬾ɰŮӡ
Խ峾Ŀ⿴ȥһ۾ͲŮһֶصϣ֮Ѱ
ܵõؾеĴӡɲ˭԰쵽ģ˴ܶɽٳɹҵһ
峾ૡ
һϮ£һɽб巢٣ò㣬һĹйӣ̡
ţ
Ȼ峾ʲôŤͷ
һ˲ƽУȻֳ˵â콣˸ͫնѹǺӣ
ţ
أɽۣ֮ԾĵȴɽٵԾѣȻͷһ۾ͿԶԶһƬɽϵĽ峾
һ΢΢нû뵽غɰܵһƽ֮ǰ˲ڸ
ԡ
ⲻǲ䣬ǶԷΪ̫ʲôΣǰǣ֮ǰԼ޷
ʶ㣬ԾѲ򴽣һ̾
ս֮ͱŲƵһƬؾС
ΪѰٲ·ֻڴ˵Ⱥ
һʱһˣһ¥һ˾ޣһ˲廨һ¡
ֱǰãھʱһɴӡһ˼ġ򡱡
Ҳһһץסһ۳ʥ
죬ɽ֮ʱһ֮õĳΪ׼
ȻƽٿɲҲ޾޲
ɵע⵽峾Ӱǲĺվɱһ˿
ɽ٣ɻľܵš
ʥҪ£һ˿仯ͻᱻ֮롣
νǣһȫ
һʱ䣬ԾѵĶȵף粻Īڤڤеһ٣ǹھ۳ʥʱѣ
䣡
ԺиðͷϣѾõĽȻһ춯ذĺ˷ԲҡΡ
Ծɫ΢䡣
˵֮ǰľžôʱΪ峾ĳֶһ˿˺ľһӣɽٵʱ̣ɾͳһ
һʱ䣬üҲһĨޡ
ɾڴʱһٿȻ𡪡
ѣҰĶɽ٣ڣ
ǰϤһв֪ٴͷԾѵһʱ䶼ΪΪԼľĻþ
Ͳԡ
ΪԶһϤӰն
һϮ°ɫڷƮӰǰǰΡѹļ
һ
ԾһӨ͸ԭһĨƵľϣһĨ˵ʡ
ڣ
ڣ
ƽȴ͸żᶨƵأؼصţڶԣԾѱӷᣬۿ΢΢Щ졣
һ΢΢𪾫µ°ͣһֽò˵Ŀ˵˵ȽҶԣգ
öһֻ졢Űķɡ
һеת䣬ֻΪ
ˣ
ԶѰҲЦˣźһĨ顣
䣡
ϣ״ĿҫۣХƵģһڽˡ
ԾƮ裬ԼӰƾնɫרעƽմһĨɡ
ľУһ˿

ͬʱѰĿ⿴һֶϡ
峾ʵ
峾ͷѰ֮ͣ˼ܴһھʥ˵ķ˵أǸѰˡ
̬УԵúƽʵһԸһλ콾ķ緶
Ѱòϣܹڤ˾У޽һһˣ⽣峾ȷʥ˺ܲһ
ŻУҲֻ׵ķɣԺʹһϸߵ˰ɣ
Ѱס
ֻǣһԼǿһλţĽԸҲӲмڣһŹʵľ֮âգ֮ϡ
峾һȣ֮Уǡؽ޷棬˺ѿǳ
˼ڴƺ㲢ΪɱҶ
峾˵ʱĿƳһԶڶɽٵԾѣΪ
Ѱ̹ȻԡǴԼ뿪·
峾ЦżҶǺܺ棬ô˻ᣬһģ
̸߽ʱѰ㣬ƬѱһεĿֲϢ⡣
ЩɽʯľϢлĩ
ϣ׺ؽԾǵȽϢһƬ򣬾ͱһɨա
ĶţεԣѰģʵ򣬱ɱΪպͿ£
ô˵ǴŲˣ
Ѱü
峾̾Ŀ⿴ԶɽٵԾѣϧˣұ۳ʥ󣬾ͽߣԺҲԸһս£ڿ뽫ֻµȹһˡ
Ѱٳٲֵԭ򣿡
峾ͷûλѪܹɽΪ֮ʥԾһ츳һλΪʥŮǿչŵϣһ𶯣
Ͼһһ紫˵Ⱥ̫ټ̫ټˡʲôʥӡӶҪ
Ѱ΢УĿҲԶڶɽٵԾѣ˺֮ǰ鱦ʥشն˵Ļ
Ͳ֪ʦõж߹ܹļûмԲ㣡
ʱѰΪն˵йŭͼ޵Ļ
նҲ֪ԾĲ򵥡
Уնĸͺһǧ˿ƵĹϵܹ֪ԾѵһЩϸҲ֮С
˵ĲҿǶһ޶ģҲͽһ˶ѡ
Ѱ˵֮ǰ֣ΪĴ̰ռвռеĶ˵Ŀɶԣ
峾ȻһЦɲ̰ǼϲڸòռУ˵Ŀɲ㡣
ô˵㻹ģ
Ѱɫƽ䵭ˡ
ڴ˿̶֣Ľֻһ
峾ǵЦݣĿ⾲ףֱѰҪôҪôһ
οҲˣλǣҶǵĹڶɽ٣Ǿ۳ʥĹؼʱ̣ˣһʥˣؽɢãܵţ³Σ
Ѱ䣬ӿ˵Ĺ󣬵ҵû뵽Ҳ޳ܡ
峾ȻѰˣܻκεֻۣڲһʵˡ
ʼգԸݣ޿֣


1566 ѹƴ
ѰŶһȻóԼʵţΪֵĽ²
˵ʱǰ
һһεĿֲϢʹѰһ򸲸ǡ
峾ĿЩ⡣
Ѱڶʱ峾̲סУȻת
ʱѰתԣ䲻֣ƣȴΡɽˣһױǵεȿֲ
峾Ҳʶһ㣬Ʈ裬ɫžȴ޾ϸĽӿ
Ÿº󣬷սͻή٣ȷҪڴʱ֣
峾ü
˵Ѱ¼ѰйרŵоһСĴС
ɵ˿ͶԷţ峾ŷ֣ϢۣѰٲȻѷɫǡڤ˾еκһˣ
սԺ飬ڣ֮顣
Ѱ˵ʱ
䣡
նȻݣѰΪģɲʥѹȻϯ
ߣ
峾зâһҲ̤֮һҲ֮һ䣬ԭϣڴ˿Ȼͷš
ϣ
Ժ󣬾ֳһԲĽ磬糱ϫ㷭նǳǬ
ʥѰжһĨȻ
޿ɣ⽣峾Ҳ̤ͬ˵żĽԼƲҪԵ
¡
ֲͬľʥѹһ˲ײһ𣬼ֱ棬ĺ
ΪĵĴأ͵ݳһ޴ѷ죬һֱԶ
ɽʯľ޲˲䱬촷ۣ񷸩ⷽԲǧɽӣ٣Ȼݡ
˿̵Ѱɰħˡ
峾һϻеľ֮ڴ˿չ¶âһ۽ʥ緶
߼䣬棬Ǭ
Ѱ䣬һᣬ֮ڣ㲻ܣұһ·
ѰȻƣ
峾ЦĿһòңȻʶӵȥλɽٵʱ㵱Ȼøı⡣
һתҿԴӦ㣬оУѪΪҺγˣ
絶¸Լ
Ѱ
峾Цп֪Ͽսֵĵһʱ䣬ͻᱻɱ
ҲʶսѰҲŲԸڴʱƴһ
ˣ޹Ӫ䲻ڷֱȴȥ⡣
ˣŻȺףҵȰԣκвɾ̤ܽƽ
㲻ԸͬҲԸˣΪҪƴһռˣ
峾˵⣬룬˵֮ҪԸ㣬ҲɰһֲУף
Ѱڽɲ˷ϻֱԼʧ񲻾ˣ
峾ʼ磬΢Цܼ򵥣İ
䣡
ڴʱѰ͵һһ粻һ˿̻Ϣĵֶ
ʮǧ
̫⣿û뵽㾹̫۵ĴУ
һ˲峾б˵âΪзһХ
٣
һڡĽȻӿ֣ҹ֮Ļвüµһع⣬ѹĵĻ𡢼ޡϢ
һڰϮ֮Ӱ
ӡλ۾ڰвɲĽ档
䣡
췭ظ޹⡣
貳ʢĽâ⡢۱ŷĿֲ羪κ˰㣬ϯɢ
֮ҡɽ𣬸ֲƵס
ڽĵһʱ䣬峾üͷһ壬гԾѰһĿɲԶ
ԥʹС
ѰڶɱԸӦӦԵĻᡣ
ৣ
һΣѰʩչһ
ֻһȴֳȫͬϣƥ޿ɾ˫ס
һؾţʱ羲ֹһ֮ˣ޲ƾСϢ֮С
˽ȥ޻أ
峾ɫڱˣʮǧѹ⣬أڼҶԿ
һܵвâڱ巢Ȼ֮С
һﾹڽӵ˿µ裿
ûκγɣ峾͵һչ壬͵һӣ˫ʮָУΪӡɫ档
裡
Ǭ޾أ
㣬޼ɣ
𣬽
졢ء硢ף߽Ϊĵӡ峾֮ء
ļ
峾ѹ
һʱ䣬ĵӡϢǵأӳĵһصĽһ˲£ѹȵʮƽ顣
¡
һ˲ҡػΣ춯صı쳹ڽе׽֮ѹס
ŵ˵ʱ򼴱ЩѰľʥڴˣһҲؽһɵ³
飡
峾ȳܲס屻ɲĽâײĵɫף¶ݡ
ٵĳɢ
ڶ棬Ѱֻǻ˻ΣɫʼղΨһԺˡ
ʵҲЩ⣬⻹ս󣬵һܹסʮǧ͡ȥ޻ءɱĶ֡
峾һѪܲܣɫǴϺء
ڴ޹һһˣͬšڸʮĳƺš
⻹񣬵һͬдƣѹסһͷ
֮ǰС㡣
峾磬Ϣˣɲս⣬ҡǺ
ֻ֤㲻ңˣǵУ
Ѱ˵ʱӰƾʧһѳֽ峾ǰ
峾ͫȻȻ塣
ָһȻֳһ罣âһ磬ȴŹѤգ֣
ͬʱѰһ֬ƿƿ
ƿ
ţ
峾͵һӿΣϢһã
ǳһֱܣԥ˱ܣȫŲơ
䣡
һǲŲ֬ƿУӳһ
Ǵս۵һʽСȥ޻ءȴԶ֮ǰǿһ
ͬľʥ˶ԣ壬ԾһԾʤοһĲࣿ
һض𵴵ĿɲУ峾ߵķݣݺݺɳȥ
ϡɼǰǵһɫУƥĽֱ俪Ŷ̴Ѫʡ
Ѱüһ۾Ϳһһǿʥȣ峾ԲֻܽǱǰ򵥡
ৣ
ţѰһ㲻ɫӰð㣬Ųգɱȥ
һʼûý峾뿪



1567 ֶξ
ɣ
峾ŭȣͷɢһѪأѪӶɷޱȡ
ǣѰһڿɲĽϢأŰ
峾ȷû뵽ѰĵУᶯһĪʥǵܻ˿ֲ
ϸһƷʥսףһԸĴ
㲻˵ˣκεۣôȴ߳ŭˣ
ȻУѰӰѱԪѪȵĹ⣬ŭն¡
䣡
ŭ˺ѳա
ֻû뵽Ҳ˱ɣ
峾ɫ࣬ǰٿȻֳһӡŷʥĵ񽣣

̶ޱȵײУĽԱ
͸صĽ峾䵲סһȴÿѪĵˣ嶼ӿе䡣
һǿ԰סĵպޣ԰׼͸ϾǱ䡣
Ϊһľ־Ѵһּ˿µĵزΣվأҲδ˻ҡ
ĵŭͺȴƲס
̫ˣΪѰȻҺԼƴܾˡ
ΪǶԹŻӪǶԴ޹Ӫֻܲᱻˡ
룬ѰԸͲںЩֱ޼ɵķӣҪô˻ֳ
˲ö룬Ѱٶɱ
λҲҪ𣡣
峾кâӿԥָһķӡ
ˣ
ǰٿȻֳһľ
ľָĴ磬ƮһɺĽ룬ۺ񣬽׭һ׾Ĵġ
뷣
ľѰ֮ȴΪһ֡ȴһɺ°Ϣ
¡
ѰһһεĽϢ赲նһ粽ѽ
ǱľϢ
Ѱһ
ڴʱ峾ɫ䡢ᶨҲУ
һӡ
һ뷡ֵľȻԼ䣬ֳһλΰߴ֮Ӱ̤ľ֮ϣɢϢֱ罣ףͨǵأƴ
ǹĽƣҷ
ͬʱѰһһʹһѹޱȵĿɲѹ
ɣǽ峾ɱﵣ
Ϊ޹һһˣ峾Ȼǲȱѹ׵ı
ľȴӵбһһֱأͷԸá
һɱ㣬ƻλĽȴ´ࡣ
峾оǷâ
ޣ
Թ˴Ǳˣܲޣ
Խǰ֮Խ޷ִ
ȥ
һ֣
ľڿգһʻɬߵϢǸڽϵΰӰֱ
ɾһɲѰҲˡ
ƬؼĹ͵سһ˿ɬһ˲ͣ͡
羲ֹ
һĻѰΪΨһһƶĹ켣
ͨ
䣡
֣һɲƮ޾⣬һľȫС
峾ӦʱǡþͿǰѱ䱦ľûüͱһɵıӲѹ
ؼǣûǱγֵģ
⡭
Ȼ峾ټʶ㣬ļ˹첻˼һĻ嶼͵һ
飡
һ̣ͼǰľֱѹ뵽ǱУʼգûѡ
ͬʱ峾׻͵ؿȳһѪһʱԼľϵױնϡ
ⲻܣ֤۾ʱЯ彣ܻᱻѹȡ
峾ټͣڴ˿ҲˣеȻԼ۾
̫ľĲھսĹ˽֮նɱʥʥɵ֣
Ϊ˽Уӡһλ۾֤ʱӡǵѰʥɱȣ
ڣľȴûܷͱѹˣ
ý峾ܽܣ
ѹֶΣȷܿ£ϧƺá
Ѱƿն䣬ԪϯſɲѪӺɱ
䣡
ԶԶȥǡһڤӴһС
峾ԥתӡ
֮ȥֻԽԽ㡣
ϧ͹Ѱɱľġ
ԾѣѰĵһۣɽ峾뽫ԾѽߣѰ̣
˵Ӽ峾ĵһʱ䣬Ѱ͸ûŹԷ
ɱ
ԪϯʮǶ¡
峾ŲʱգٶȺε֮죬ת˲ͱܿһɴҲԿ˵Ŀ¡
Ѹ˵ȵزܱܿѰɱʥˣѱɱ֪ٴˡ
ֻǣȽ峾ɿӰ͵ضסȻɫ䣬Ǻԥӡ
ৣ
ԭλãһĨƵٿȻ٣Ϣرиһֱѷ졣
У
ֻʱĶУѺ̣ͬзӨĹϵɬͼʥĹꡣ
֮ʱĶУһıʥ
뿪ŻĽӪµʱУѰշת磬ڡ춴еĶУҲ˳ɱ䣬ɱһʥ
ǲȱģ֮ǰѲͬն
֮ǰоǱѰ޳նİش߶ɹؽ峾ȥ·ȵòòˡ
䣡
ں󷽣ץסѰһŭն
峾裬Ҳʶپ˻𣺡
ſɲĺײ峾ֱӱôӿ׹䣬ݺڵϡ
嶼ѣѪʣǶѡ
ֻǣҲ֪ʩչʲôطһٶƿնӡ
Ѱݡ
峾ȾȻǰɱģֹ㴫кرҲǿ֮
ҲᶨѰɱġ
䣡
;У峾ӣѰ׷
Ѱնÿһ峾ԸֱֶεסطҲĿϾӵı
ɼˣ峾ҲûܸıѰֱӰΣ׷ᣬͲϢĻᡣ
һ·ϣ峾ƵƵѪˣǲƵģѪ졣
һΣ׷ɱң
Ĵ̼£˾ΨһͷֻҪܻо֮գ
ûãԶƽϣֳһеŻؾĳڡ
Ϣ٣˴Ľ峾һ̾ǰδеٶȺȫŲƶȥ
Ѱ˳ұذٱǧ𣡡
峾Թ˻˵ʱһؾŻԾ롣
ϧûˡ
ɾһ˲ѰӰؾŻǰǣԪһն
ɺӿĽڤӴ
һ̣峾ϵԹŭ֮ɫ͵̣ͫ͹ԣš
ԭһ·ϵˣʶɱֱ֣ҵΪľźԥ֡
ͷԺʱ峾ҰѾããѪɫ渲û



1568 
ۣ
峾壬˲ϢͱնƣըѪٰ
Ԫڼȡ峾ʥѪ
ѰٴϢҲǲ԰׼͸
֪ӳֿʼֱáʮǧ͡ȥ޻ءɱУŴ˵峾
ˣΪɱ峾ڴսѰ½˴ƿͨеȱ
ŵ˵һսҲѰ̤ʥĵһɿĴС
ȻѰ֮Ա¶˶ֶΣԭܼ򵥣ڶɽٵԾѱŵ
ˣƽԾ£㲻Щѹ׵ıѰҲѹԷ
峾ǿ󣬻ǸѰ˼̵ӡ
֮ǰʱΪ˱ԷһзˣѰһ·ϾһȷϹˣҪɹȽһľĥ⣬ˣ˳ƽ
ղ׷峾Ƶ̫ܻƴˣɻᷢ벻Σա
峾ΪӵϣӶݣУʣһδġ
ֱҪѰƴʱ;ƿݣ췦

ѰһӣһƬʢϯ峾ѪⶼһһĨһɶ
СС죬ɨսƷ
ѰһأԾѶɽٵĵطȥ
ǣҵģҲֻԾһˡ
ڽ峾Ѿص顣
׺ܣ֮£Ծڶɽ٣̸ϺãҲ̸̫Σա
Ѱˣ˶һֽ״̬з
ϥأʼޡ
һսѰΪʥһζýͨͬļ󣬵ľ
ңڶýͨʱһʩչǰǰ㣬תȫȥ߶
ˣƿҲѰΪ⣬ƿľڣͷųܣ
ǾʥҲˡ
ɱΪʥӵеҲѰΪ⣬֮ԪҪǿʢһ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻǡԪִһʩչöеԶԶʥɱȡ
ԪҲжصãǾմȾʥѪԽ֮࣬Խǿʢ
һ
ѰкȻһ۾
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ԾѺ֮ܽأ֬پӻ߳Ƶġ
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ѰԺ͵ѣ¶ɫڶɽٳɹĪľѪе츳֮
ÿ𣿡
أϵԾңңѰһİЦġ
˵ʱһУһϮ޳ļϣ̤գѰ
ѰһȻɽʲôÿġ
Ծգգˮ۾ҧˮĴҲ˵
ʶˣһʥϢöǡ
˵ʱѰߣӨ׵°ͣŤͷѰ
ѰĿбӣ̾ҵĸңɽûʲôÿģ㶼֪ղҿƴŰǸҪͼļһɱˣûлָ
䣬͸оһʹݺšһѣͼԾЦٻתƻ⣬ħɫ죬ҿϣ
Ѱ֪װȥˣŤͷԾǾգĿƣˣҳɫ죬˰ɣ
Ծһ
ʱһᣬѰ뻳Уͷ¡
һ̣߽ƾɢտȻ͸ؼһɾס͵ķΧ
ԶС˳οɷˣǽ峾ڤ˾֮һϵĺö֪࣬϶ܸˡ
ţ
ħų򣬵סС
ôˣ
Сüһ
һ̣ҲסԶݵһĻв𺳣
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ˣС
룬ʱ˻һСʿɣڲ඼ʮˡ
һ֪ûУ
ȻУûĹҲֻԹһֱˡ
˵⣬С͵һˣԣһλ
С̾Ϣ̫ˣԹһµĸߣǡ绪飿
ôһ˵ЩС

͵أԾöСС̧ͷͿԾѲ֪ʱߣЦؿǡ
߻һëܵһɱҡͷڨЦ
ֻУСС춼һ̾Ժ˼Ҹĺֻ֪¶ȹԹһء
ѰЦſһУֻ촽ЩۣЦЩζ
ˣѪˡ
С͵شС
һӣѰЦ̣Ծһ죬ߡ

ڵ죬һ뿪ؾ
˴δӪ뿪ѹȥ֮ãԪؾٵʱ䣬Ҳֻʣһҡ
ҲѰ뿪ĵ죬޽ǿһƬؾǰ
ãս
һλʥɫ䣬ۿۼд죡ؾһ
ֻǵǽؾѰ֮̽ÿ˵ɫǱޱȡ
ؾУͬоԾͨвϢѾԱϣ峾ܵ˿µĴ
Ѿ
ֻǣ˭һ㣬Ҳ޷һ㡣
峾Ǵ޹һһˣӪˡ
ǼֱǹŻӪԳޱȵĴ
һǻʲôԣ
Ϣ˭׼й¶ȥұ壡
գһ¸صľʥһϡ
Уһ飬һʱ䣬ЩƬ򣬾˭ҪˣҪʬ


1569 Χ
һ죬޹Ӫǿ߽Ա֮峾չأһ˽콣ϡ
һλѾõľʥˣͬʱҲǽ峾Ϊ̵Ļߡ
ִƴ޹ӪȨδٲ
ɵ֪Ļǿߣ޲磡
Ϣһʱ
峾ڤ˾֮һǹŻһһйѵϢսΪ֮𶯣
µǣ޽峾Ժ޹Ӫʲôȥԣ
飡ҲҪ־˭
ɫ䣬оǿ̹ǵĺ⡣

峾ˣ㽫´ȥ𣿡
ڷعŻĽ·ϣԾʵ
Ѱ룬ҡͷֻ»û֪ģˣʱҪΪá
ΪΣ
Ծ̲סʣ峾Ǵ޹ӪһԶԴ޹ӪɳޱȵĴЩԣֻҲ⿴һĻ
ԹŻĽӪԣͬһĺϢŲɹĺô
ѰЦľ֣ش֮Щ֪峾УǻηӦ
Ծһ˲ˡ
峾ڤ˾֮һӳաǬˡЩɵ
ɱ峾ѰᱻһͷΣ
һȫϣ˵׼ͻֳþһа취ԸѰ
ڻȫ濪սʱ򣬹ŻӪ̫ƾҵȼʥˣȥԡ
ѰԺȫ濪սʱٽ峾ѶȥȻԸʿһ벻Ĵ
Ծüɴ޹Ǳֻ»ܿ͵֪峾Ѷ
ǻȥ𣿡
Ѱʡ
ԾʱȻЦǴ޹ǿߣȻһʱϢͬʱ˭һԾܵ峾֮Ӱ졣
Ц绨ˮ鶼һ貵ǳѰ̲ס
ԾһڣһĨϼ


ŻĽ磬֮ǡ
ɫĳǽڴ֮ϣÿһשʯʺѪɫԼɼǽש֮仹Ƕ۰׹ǡ
뻤֮ǧ֮⣬һȺԱڤǿߣλʥ˵Ĵ£ս
ŻĽ𣿾û˸ҳһս
ߣٳ£ȴֻҹӶˣ
ޣվ򣬵С֮
һżڿĺ쳹ؼ䣬һȺپߣһ޿֣
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һǰ½аǿ߳ȺӳûǹŻĽ߮۳ң޼ɵЩǸǵôߣܵǰƣֱ̣
ҧгݡ
ǿ϶˵ѰڳУŸ޿ǰƣ
Ҳü硣
ѰѾ뿪ʱ䣬һֱţ˶ǣǷʲô⡣
ѰһˣΧѪħһǣǷЩΧ³ǰֱ̫
ɫ
ʵ˽֪֮Իˣ׻ΪǹŻӪĸ̫
Ѱһߣоֻʣ껺λʥΪ˱һǿߣλܳȥЩɱ
ЩУʥһץһѣȺӳûҲǿ׼ǹŻֻܽ軤֮ڷ絲꣬ʶŸ޿ֵơ
ƣĿĺܼ򵥣ºԪؾͽֻҪ˴˳ǣ͵ڷסǹŻǿ߽ԪؾĻᣡ
껳ڣȻǱȻҲǲ̽ѰڳУŻʮǰơ
˶٣ȻܲסǵļǺɱȦףһҺκһ˷⣬ǱȻƶ𣬴ٹǣ
ɫ粻ҲԲ٣ɾ㱻˶ԼҴǰƵƵƣнΪͲʹ졣
ǵǵǣԪؾʱɱڳУǻʲôȥı۳ʥĻԵ
ʵ껺ҲΪơ
ǵȻͶԷɱȴòǻ֮йŻǿߵİΣ
ôȥˣѰһֱ֣ɼϢ٣ӱȻڳС
֮Զһλʥƿڡ
ʱڵ֪Ѱڻ֮ǵϢʱҲò׼ǰʱΪͽ
ô̽ƾǰٰ裬ǧƣѰٳٲҲ
ǿ߶ԣŻӪΨһҪɵֻѰһˣѰȻڣǶԣһԹŻĽʱ
ʶһʱڤ򡢾򡢶ɣһ޲ŻУĴŰɨ
Ŀģ⣬ΪºٵԪؾ׼
ߣӳ֣һ˵ɿ赲סӪеǿ߽Ԫؾ
һΣ֮ȫûףΪ˭û뵽Ѱܲһֲ֮ʥ󡣡
һͬԪؾٺû˲ֶΣѰֻҪðͷȻܵһھʥ˵ִ
һЩʥ޲Ц
һϢҲľȻѡ
侲֮ͻ֣ᷢѰսǿ󣬷ѰɱȣĹؼԭһʥ󣬶ѰսǿᵽԺɨʮλʥˡ
ҲΪΣǰǿ߸һʱ䣬ŰڹŻĽҪԭ
ҲɵŻĽ绤֮ʥ󣬲ֻԶԶƣȥǡ
ˣѰڣɸţ
أ֮дһŭ
ñڤЩǿ߽ԺЦЩҲֻѰвˡ
ϧѰڡ
һʥϷʳ
ѰΣҵȲУҲκβҵȣ
һЦ
¹ȥˣѰһֱûг֣òᡭѾ˰ɣ
ҲԴǶ񶾵ش⡣
һʱ䣬֮ǳ¥ϣ޲ɫ࣬ҧгݡ
һ̣ҲʶûѰվҲֻܹڴˣƶֻš
ѰԾѷʱԶԶؾͲһĻ
㲻ڵһʱ䣬ŻӪܱ۸ǰˣҲֻš
ԾƳһѰŸп
һ·ϣҲѴѰ˽⵽һĸ飬ûѰԶһĻ֮ǣܱ
ˣףڹŻӪľʥ̫٣ĿǰԶԶûܹԿ͡
ţԪؾ֮һп϶ı䣡
Ѱ˵ʱǰ䡣


1570 ֮
һȺڤǿߣλʥ죬гپǿʮλ
Уֻ㡰Сģѡ
ɶԹŻӪԣȴѾֻ̣ҳɱһɿ
껺Ȼ壬˹˼һԼ뿪ȱᱻ˳룬Ǻˡ
ʶŻǿ޲ŭ
һȺڤǿߣһ޿֣޼ɵٳ£ȴ˸ӦսҲһ˵ĵԼм
ʧǹŻʲôʱ˳һսҵȸ߿һۣǺǣֻ˵ȾһȺ
һҡͷ̾Ϣ
˭
ڴʱȻһ
ȻǹŻ򡭡
ʶڣ˵һ׹ʱȻŭĿȻȥ
ͼ֪ʱһ°ɫ忡ӣѳڲԶ̬ƽ
ŭʱһһЦȻзҳˣ
Ц¶֮ɫ
˰죬ȴٳ˸Ӧսһϲĸо
ֻǣȻûвλʥˣɫ䡣
й
ĴָЦ˵˵˵Ҫͳͳ㡣
һ仰Щʥ˵ĴǶ鴤һ¡
ž
һֺһƳϣ죡
ʱˣסһȻ
Ͳһͬ鶼ɫ䣬ޱȣλʥˣһٴУ
㡭òǡ
Ժһ͵ʧг
Ѱ
ֻˣ
Ǽһε޴ԳپΪѰѡһӽˮ˰ɣ
Զ֮УһصĻЦ
껺趼һ̤ʵ
²Ѱڻˣ
һ̣ǶѰ˶һظİ֮С
ͷ·Ȼ飬ֻҪѰڣҲ޹ؽҪ
׻㣬ɫɷףӶȻһ²֣ôڴ˿ͻȻðˣ
Щڤǿ߸һ巢ţ֮ǰԸͲм
Щʥˣɫ粻ü価Ǽɵ¡֮⡣
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¡
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һ̬

ѰҪɱʱͼԾٿȻƮҷ˿ٳ
ãҰ󡣡
ѰˣЦÿ
ԾѸո̤ʥҲ뿴ھѪ츳սжǿᡣ
䣡
սıҡض糱ϯ
ԭѰЩڤľʥһնûСɵֱԾʱǿɶûôηˡ
򲻹Ѱ򲻹һ֪ðŮʥ
ֻǣսУλʥ˵ɫ򶼲仯ѹӣ
ԷӰ㣬ƮһƬʥ֮ɫɵ֮ȴɽХֲס
Լ䣬һӰƾ죬ÿһзɽ󺣡Ļ
һ츳֮磡ͨ£ͨԿٳһ磬ȺǱڣһ˱У
貣üһ˿ޣͨʥܹƿصĴ֮ͬ
û뵽λ֪һĺᣬ֪ǿչŵϣһǸ߸ϰȺ֮ۺԶ塣
Ҳ̾
ɻһǼ˵Ⱥ䣬˭޷Ⱥǿ
ڳͷŻǿߣѿס
Ծ̤ʥ⣬ڣܹһ壬չֳս֮ǿ
ΨѰҪ٣ǺԾѵĸףһλʵĵ۾ĸҲһλ׼۾ڣѸǰǿչŵ֮ϡ
һǿ֮ĸĸԾѵĵ̺츳ܲˣ
ѰܿԾѻûƿʥսУʧ˶ɱеĺûᡣ
Ҳʥȫͬľ磬Ծܹ쵽һѾ˲á
սûг⣬ʥ˱ԾɱʣӶʱһֱԱѰֽ
Щپǿߣϰ㣬ָĨ
ϣѰԾѵĹܵһںѵӭӣһƽ̸ڡ
ھϯϣѰҲ˽⵽һʱ䣬ڹŻĽеĸ顣
һξؾ٣ɱŻĽ磬۳ʥĻԵȫϷ֣һΣԪؾϾҪ٣һǰ㣬ҹŻǿ߾۳ʥĻᣬǾʹشˡ
ѰȻ
ʹӦҪŻǿȡ۳ʥĻᣬԪؾҲаѿأ
֣ԴԪؾ£аţ
Цʵ
ҹ巡桢ҶĦڭһھǣҵľǾ۳ʥĻᡣ
ʱֺһ򻤵֮ǣԪؾٺ󣬱˳롣
ѰԪؾǱߣһΣҲҪҹŻһʸȡ۳ʥͬȫԪؾ
һ仰˽Ծһ
ȴüԪؾٺ󣬰бȻʥˣһ˵Ļɾ̫Σˡ
ҡ
ԾЦ˵
һҲվֻˡ
̲סҪ֪һοûжʱֲĻᣬһһΧ
˵꣬ѰЦŴϣҼȻôȻңȻΣգһҲܴʧԪؾĻˡ
ƽ޲ݣд
Ѱ֪֮ΣջôȫΪǹŻЩǣΪŻӪǣ
ؽǺ͸˭ݣ
ΨԾкƽ峾ѰɱѰľʥˣѲѰУ
ʱѰعŻĽ绤֮ǵϢҲǱ½֪
һʱ䣬ǰ֮ǰƵĵˣ١
ȻҲваǿߣҪǰһѰĵϸһģɱڳ⣬һ
ʱƣŻĽѳΪһƬ籩֮أӪУ½һһǿ߷
Ѫħ򣬶Ѫµ£ǲһ
ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ΪٵԪؾ
Щ仯ѰУδȡʲôҵķһֱڻ֮ǣ
Ԫؾ֮ʱ֮գ



1571 ʥͷ­
Ѫħ硣
ʤ¥Ų
ѰȻῴҲСһкʸԶ֣
һӳյױţѪǰ
һּһ仰ȴһĲм֮⡣

Ѫ˫һ꣬Ϊĩɫ粻ӳճڣ
һִ򿪵ڶš
ĳڳĹͷˡҲǰŻĽ磬Ѫֺһ
ĳѰҵȰǿ߽Ԫؾжע۵ѻʯѪֲ̫⡣
ǱڤӪĻš

ţҲѪ˺飬ɫ
˵˵ȥҲûнѰϣԸԼ֣һȥɱѰ
峾չأӳݣм֣ûнѰϡ
Ѫü
ǰãдţһ𣬳ԪؾٵĻᣬֽѰɱ
ңصطѰһЩ¼˵ѰӲͬѰץס˴λᣬԺºлὫɱ
ѰڣһùŻĽǿ߽Ԫؾ۳ʥĻԵŻӪƱػһھʥˡ
ע԰
ԭѪΪֻҪﲻڿԼź󣬱ȻԴ¡
˭룬ǵĻȴģ
ѪҲһơ
ѰǰöԸĿһ˾ɱѪħƮҡĿһ˾Ϳɱ
ӳգȴܾһ֣ǧѷʱлɱѰ⡭޴
ѪҲӳǲǴ෴һһҲܳΪһӪ䡣
ֻǣڶԴѰϣûԴ
ˡˡ
һߴҴҽ˫ֳһż㡣
Ѫ´һ鶼ɵùԲòһѪ
ͼżдţѪҲ̫ЦԸһѰѣ㻹Ҫҵһ֣Ӷ𣿻˵ΪϴѰѪħ飬ѾƵˣ
м䣬űġŪζѪ¶ҧгݣ޲ȥˡһƴ
ܾ־ͰˣΪλҪˣ
浱Ѫº˵
ֱ죬Ѫ²ſסŭҲڴʱע⵽ߵֹ
ôˣлֱ˵Ѫü
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һԥ
ѪɫһһȻһŶд˵˵ӴĿʲô
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Ѫһ㶣㲻Ŷ䣬ûգ֣
ߴпɬѵͷ
ѪֻһѪҺţɫڣ÷ζը
ûգ
֣͸¶ĲмȫǺˡ
ãããͳǬ仰ԺӪʱõһ˿һİ
Ѫİŭڡ
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һĲҰܣǼסѵ𣿡
ΪѪ̫СǱѰ˵ǾûѪӵһ֣ɿ֮
һȺ۸ڶԸĴ
У쳹Ѫµʵ޷ĵŭ
Ԫؾ٣ѰƱػǰΪ˱ǹŻӪǿı۳ʥĻᣬעܶܲ
һɱѰǧѷĻᣡ
ڣѪȴеܱ
˾ѵһᣬһʧԺҪɱѰӣעϼѡ
Ҫʵ֡ռŻġĿģͬ谭
ΪʱޱȵĹŻӪעһʥˣ
ϧǶ͸ҲԣǶûоɱ֮ǰѪȴȻ֪ѰһѲ༬ֵĵˡ
ãѪ·һ̾
ڵ죬ѪڻϢһɷʯƺӦԪؾʱǰһ⡣
һǶɣﻯͬӦѪһֵ롣
Ѫ̤ʵ˲١
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Щˣܾ֣͵ɽۻƴѪ£ֱɺޣ
Ѫһ뵽ԸѰ飬վҪִУоһơ
Ѿܾˡ
ٲ֣ԺҪΪѪħ򱨳ѩޣֻ¾ͺҵ˾ѵĻˡ
ʯƺļ룬Ѫƽ˲ٰպġ
һΣȻЩһﲻ֣ӪбȻҲǲľʥˣ˾ͺðˣʱѰֻҪ֣ȻΪʸ֮ģܵȫΧ
Ѫһֱ侲˼ʱҡʯƺһɱѰҲ練֮£

ԪؾٵʱԽԽ
ŻĽУɼеӰǳȺӳûڣڵȺ
ڶ࣬Ӵ󣬼֪ŻĽ绤֮ѰҲ塣
ΪҪԪؾеĻԵǶȥһԹŻ򻤵֮ǣܷסǵĹ
ϾһҰܣǸɨأ̸˽ǣʧѾ㲻Сˡ
øǿͷԱһԹԹŻǿʱһֱһĸ߸֮УӹŻǿΪ򣬼Ӻ衣
ϴȴӵĹŻӪУþ̫ˡ
һʱŻӪǿһֱݷڻ֮Уδ
˭ܸܵԪؾٵʱԽԽŻĽеҲԽѹ֣ɽ
һ졣
ڹŻĽϿգȻ쳹ѵĳƱһһ֯һƮͷ׵Ĺ꣬ؼ䶼һʥã
Ԫؾڴʱ٣
һֲ̣ڹŻĽ粻ͬеĸǿߣԱ¶ȡ֮ɫ
죬ؾŻߣ
ǡº
һʱ䣬ǿ߽ԳͬһХȥ
Ԫؾ̾۳ʥĻԵǿߣĸܲ⣬־ڱصã
֮ǳͷϣѰֶ䣬ԶһϮڷ졣
껡һǿ߽ڡ
СС졢Ц졢ҹ巡桢һʸ۳ʥѾѰڡ
λ⻤֮Ǿͽˣ۷£زҪðȻǡ
Ѱת֣س
ַľǡ
껺ͷ
ѰĿɨˣߵԾϣкȻӿһɺ飬ȻһЦ
ʥͷ­ԣҿĳֶΣ
Ϻζδ£ѰѾЯԾѣ̤գҡȥ



1572 
º
λڹŻĽ缫شĺˮֳҹĺɫ籩Űĺˮһ׳ޱȡ
ʱ޵ߴ˷۶
ºϣĦ࣬ڰеǿߣ糱ˮ㽫⸽
ںºһعݺύƮ꣬ڹһؾŻ
ɣò˶ãԪؾͽǺºϡ
ǺǣҲ֪һֻڳеĹŻ᲻
һξؾ٣ŻЩĶɱɾ˲صĽѵĻе
ˣЩǿһֱŻĽг۳߮ҲûǹŻ˭ҳһսѰûѵͷڹ꣡
޵ڽ̸
ϸȥӰؽȫֱǷ˸Ӫ
˵ѰǺŻǵƶ֮أᵮս˵ĺݽɫ
ɻ
˭֪أһһѹһǣһսȷܿ¡
˶硣
ʢ֮ʿѰһʱǴѪħ磬һַ֮ջ漣ΪŻؽһ֮ǣ
ǿߣ۰֮УƾȻ˹עĿ
ߣվֻһ˰ˣϴλǽ󷨶ѡ
һЦ
һʱҰǿ߻ڴˣѰôˣ
쿴
Խ̸ʱڳǿ޲һɲϢ
ܿ죬һʥϢԶХѵģһ
һλλλҵ죬ʥﶼа˰λʥ֮ưˣ
ྪ޲ࡣ
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ܿڡ
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ૡ
ϣʱʱղӳֳʥÿһʹһλʥ١
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ǿߣ޲ĳȣԺᶨΪκξʥǰؽ˺ɷ飡
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Ϊ˵ϢΪâɣϢ°Ź
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Ѫĳڴˣлλǰ󣡡
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ѪһӣʮĿϼƣȭͷС貱ڿնӳ˷ˮС
ÿһű飬ӡܵͼƣܻܿһ޴ʥ󣬸ڴ˷أʥϢ񷶼
ǶʮĿŶʥ飿
ʯƺȻ
һױһ𣬱ܹɡ춨ʥ󡯣ᣬҵȰǿһսɣʡսʱõܵ˽ԪؾĻᡣ
ѪЦ˵
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Ѫ»һ仰û˵ǾһһЩ벻飬˴Ҳ͵һ·
Ȼ֡Լ磬־ĻҲû˵һ˵ԵѪ̫СͽȻЦ
ûãһھʥ˵ټ£ֲںİǿߣԱŽ롰ƽС
Уֻʣϰλʥ˺һʥεϹⷽصҲɱѹ
Ѫ¼ˣҲıǡ
Ťͷڸں󷽵ġԪؾò˶ãͽ֡
ʯƺںԱ֮˽̸ɫݣ̸Ц
ɫһֱ°ãغ˸ҿ
Ѱòıŵò˰ɣ
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Ǳߣ
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һʶ£ͼԶĵطӰһһŮͥŲ̤նе忡ɣŮ续Ʈ衣
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ɲǼ䣬ѪµеĿ⣬ȫѰһϣԾѣԡ
Ϊǵ֪УŻӪҲֻѰһֵӡ
ֻǣѪǻû뵽ѰֻһˣһԵ޿֡
ºϣѰֹԾѵѣڴ˹ս
ԾףƮȻأһɨӳУǿɲΪԪؾΪɱһ˲Űڳ˴ƣܲסǧǿ
ѰӣЦɻľǱԼŮƲҿþǡ
ԾһЦã
˽̸ʱڳӣòپʥ
һԹŮͷûûңǻòͷ𣿡
˱ȣء
ڴеһڰǿҲܴ㵣Ǵ໹ǵһμѰȴû뵽һﾹȴ˵лҪźſ
ѰȥлĻᣬ򣬴˴ڽӡ
Ѫ¸ڱƿڡ
˵ȴҿ϶Ѱϲȥ
һΪһЩ޹ؽҪͬ飬һ˴Ѫħ硣˴Σǣ۳ʥĻԵѰĿܾʹ˷
ȻͼԶѰȻЦڣҹŻĽ磬ȲȾָҹŻӪĻԵ浱Ѱɱˣ
ÿ³һ֣羪𵴣ز˷ˮȻϯǧˡ
ʵʵһϣʱһͼƣϼתӲԣ˵ֵ⡣
ɼˣڴеİǿ޲Ȼɫ䡣
ѰȻ紫˵ǰ׿ǿƣ



1573 һָѹ
һؽԾ
ѰһһڵУǿƵ̬ȴ궯
ߣʲôȾָŻĻԵôĿ
һЦʯƺеܲ죬ʲôʱˣѰ˿
ʲôҲǰҷͣ
Ѱ۾΢С
ڳһɷһһˣλڤ˾֮һӵޱҫ۹⻷ʯƺѵ⡰ҷ͡
ֱʯƺΪ
һӣɷһھʥɫ
ʯƺŭЦңָѰɭȻգԸ־ܣڣҿԸһʹұ֤
ȣҲ
ѰĿһɨܡ
ѵ㻹Ϊӵˣ
Ѫɫ䵭һɺâܣѰΪԪؾҵΪɱԵݡ
ĸ֣һһ٣ɱ硣
Щ԰ľʥ˺һʥˣɱѰִһ̣Ϊ⡣
Ѫ±¶ǾȻ̬ȣõҲЩԾԾԣУսǿᣬѪȣڽգҲɣ
˵ˣ
ѰȻЦˣ䣬ҲҲ˵һ䣬նȰܽԪؾ䣡
һȫΪ֮ž
˶˼ؿͬһӡ
ϰλʥˣ˰λʥѰſ񣬲Ƿʲô
ڴеһڰǿ߶һ
˼Ż򾹳һ֪ηĿͽ֪ôд𣿡
ʯƺЦ
ƥɫɷ磬ִһǺӵס
˿ͽն˾ǣ
ɫһֱĬĻƺҲȥˣ俪ڣ䵶㣬͸˵ɱ
ʱȫЦ
ȷԵúܻܻһŻ۳ʥˣսѰɱȡ
ʱ˵ȻԵ̫Цˡ
ԶԪؾһʱ䣬ԻήĪΪһڣתǬ
ֱǿɥĲĵز
Ծһ̾һĻĻÿһζΪѰ첻Ϊ
أһأȫˡ
һΣ
Ծ̧ۿѰƾӰͷȴû̫ĵǣʵѾһȷĴ𰸣
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ڴʱһɺһӿڤӵԪڿնѪɫȾ쳤ա
˭֪˭ǿһս֪
ѰԣһһƬ䣬쳹ơ
ͽͣ
͵أһʥ̲ס
ߴ뷢Ұףͭ壬ֳһ˺ɫսìɱ
䣡
ֻһìɨɫ׵ӿ֣ɲʥϢС
һ֣оžױ⣬ƺˡ
˶̾ϳһλϱʥˣšȻǧ֮ã۵̣ǶսֶΣ޲տ֮
һ񣬰֮һ֣ٽѰǰһλϱʥ˵ķɡ
ۼһìͽ̴ѰգȻвһĨȻ
һƽɱУ㾡ȫѰΪӺ͵һǾʹشˣ
һ̣Ͼ¶Цݡ
ͼѰǲܣֻ̧֣һָɫԵָڵìײһ
С̫ˣһýӵģ
ȻЦһ˺ɫսìڣӡԵĺ𣬱ʥ˶âᱻ˲ٻǡ
¡¡
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ѰâתϢĴ˲Ϣʹݿ㣬â绡ȫû
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ͬʱѰǵںɫսìϵָȻ貳ʢĹ⣬ʱ䣬Ȼɽײ塣
һ˺ɫսì͵һѱ飬걬顣
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һָ˳ư˲ȻǰĻԼϸǵķ˲ը飬ֱֽƵġ
䣡
һ̣ͼȻ屻ɵ˳ɣնײݣյڵʱڱѪŴݣ¶һѪܵĿ
㡭ȻɫȻԣȴʹ͵س鴤
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ڳͫһ
˴ν棬գۼĻ˶ھ̾Ȼ룬ת۲ȻͰˡ
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ѪһâתˣѪħӪҫġ
һ仰˽Ŀ
ѰЩĿһԶѪ£һŻĽʱΨѪħûвϽ
ʱѰпѪһˡ
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֪ԽǾԽǽԸȱǻۣǴŷľ
ھ£ܹѪС΢ġ
ѹ֣ʮλʥһ򿪵ӣԶΧ£
ÿһˣϢת£ΪսľʥˣסʨӲȫĵ
һʱ䣬ؼ貣ǵأЩʥһԣŸɫʥֱһȺǧɽӶʧɫ
ˣԾȻ֣߬ɫ
һνѰӦԲˣһսҲûٽȥıҪˡ
ԶѪµҲȫעضš
һսѰϸֻҪѰ¶ļôȴģעǵذĻ
գڴ˿ѹֵ¡
ɱǬ



1574 Ԩ
ʮλʥһǵѰ
ؼ䣬ŨʵʵɱŰɢʥɱ
ǧɽӣϢȫ㣡
ǵϢʥеʥǿߣһϯ
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ԴԪɢ֮ǡƿʥѪĻɱ֮ͷŶ
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ȸַӰƴͣ춯ء
һ࣬λʥһл
һ籡ɫ棬һͷϻ룬֣죬з߳ɽ֮ơ
һµͷһڡӡеӰӿƮǧ׹⣬ÿһ׹ʥɣԵӵǬ
ˣһѪŮӲٳֹ٣һì
ֻɱĵһѣɭϣǵأ졣
κһλʥڴˣֻµһͷܣâ
ѰȴǸ⡣
ϣ
˷̤ǰ壬ԪǧɳѪȽâһڤӴӾ촹䡣
䣡
һȻը
Ѫɫâ̽Ƚ棬ɿֲĲײװľ졣
ɮֻԼڤӳ㣬̽ȲҰֶɣò˱ܣѪһ󷭹
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ѰָһһʽɲǴŷϻ뻹δͱһָͷɣҽС
ͬʱµһڱѴɢǧâȫʥ۶ɣӨӲӣƵġ
ת˲䣬ͽѰ֡
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¡
ӿУǽٶıӣɱĲŮӺ꣬δͱѰͷųݺˡ

ͼҡҡλΣĵɡ
ŮӴѪ걻ˣÿһ̤նݣѪܵòѪ
ɲǼ棬ɮµˡλʥ˵Χ׺ƣ
ɱľʥˣҲһӲǿʢѰĿֲǵ
һ˲ѣѰӰٶȱûΪһչΧĿɲֹˣʮλʥˣ
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һʱ䣬йϼݺᣬʥʣ㾪Ӷ
ضڴ˿١ݣݴֲĿ֮
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ʮλʥˣ
֣һ̤ʥŲһʱˣϵ⣬Ѿ˲˼飬ƾס
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ȻѰսţУҲš
λǿǺε׿˰ɣ
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֮ǰɳʮλʥһʱɣΪôܵݣȫԼûʲô˳Ц
ڣ˭˵
ǰһУӡ֤ѪµĲ֣ȷľ
ʵҲĲƽ
ΪѰչֳսеһвѹԤлҪǿ᲻٣
ҺãһϰλʥҲʯƺһΣѰȻ׿Ҳһ
Ѫૡ
ӣȷ˲ãżڣھʥϣȫѷɫҵȡ
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㻻ԼʮλʥΧ˵ܹͻΧûлĻᡣ
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³һ仰ɱӿȻѰչ¶Ҳᵽв
ŻӪдʳѰ
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Уգâʢ
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ͼⷽض飬ն𵴲·ܲסֲ
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ͼ֮£Ť飬ӳֳĿɲ˶ھĩ١
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޲ȫֶΣȫһŭ
Զս˶ȴ£ܼҿҪŤתƣѰѲ׿Ƕеļº𺳡
ɿǣûãѰڸˡ

һڵĽɨѰһѪڡ
ܿ죬ڶĵ˺۽֣˵Ͳ޸ܿϡ
˭Ҫмܲסˣ
Ͼʮλʥ˵Χܷ첻ɣ
ٹսظжΪѶѰֻʱ⡣
ΨԾૣЩС˶ѣѵסħƺǾʵˣ
ڴʱɱеѰطһХָһڱĴԨ¡¡ѹ¡
أ
¡¡飬֡
һĿֲԨҪûǬɽӣ쾭γ
Ĵأ͵ȥƳܲסǵȿֲѹȡ
䣡
һйѰĵ޲Ӱ
һǷʥ޲ڰбˡ
ʮλȫɱľʥˣֻһϣ嶼֮͵һܵһֿɲ˺Բɫ䡣
Ԩǣһ֮ʯ쾪



1575 ƥ
ϣѰԨѹȶ£ʢ貣һִΰ֮⡣
Ѱս֡
ң뵱սۺǿգ֮Ǻӱ飬ǳ٣ǵƣֱֲޱߡ
ҲѰսȣ̫࣬ʥУõ֮ǿԲĵز
ɱ
һϣ
ʮλʥ˶߶ȫ۵ʥΰضңڵ籩Űʮ
ƾιǴɲĴԨѹ£ȫû촷ۣ
䣡
գŴ̶ޱȵĺʮλʥˣһܵ籩ϯӰĵˣ˵ɢ䡣
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⡭
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У֪پսߣ޲ڴ˿ɫ䣬𵴡
֮ǰѰƵƵˣǶд󶨣ΪѰɲŶãȾĺһĻ
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ڲڴеİǿߣһĿ࣬Դ£Ϊ˻þ
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ʱĳУѰչɱ¾
֮ǰʮλʥΧҲ֮УƾŲתƣҲԳʩչе
ͬˣǡ޾谭

ѰӰ˸ƾճһɮǰԪԲ˼ٶŭն
ɮȻ̽ӲɴʱεӰֻѰͻȻɱȫһնܿסģ
飡
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ѵĽһƬڱⷽ񷣬кʱѤóʢĽ⣬ضĿޱߡ
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ж֮죬ɱ֮ѸͣһĨУ֮أң޿赲
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һ׾͸ɫȭӳںѰĵ뷨һȭһ֣ͳֳһѡĿֲ
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ڴʱλʥ˳֣Ҫ;סһ
ͼһڱȻһֳϻӰսҲ֮ɱ
һŮƵӰա
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ϧվǵ͹Ѱһȭӡ

һȭȺһڵϣһĪʥ汸˲ãµ˵ĵ֮
ʱȴһȭùɽݳһɼȭ
ۣ
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ܻһŮӰֽ㣬ûֹͱȭơ촷ۡ
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һ̣һϢеӰһ̴˶ƶǣѪ¡
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ԶսߣŭӣΧ֮µѰһ֮ͣϡ
һϣǧܱƣ
У˻쳹Щʥ˶Ѱɱɴ䣬ԵףǶ̼ˡ
ͬʱѪɫҲҲû뵽ʮλʥ˳ûѹסѰ棬ôʱչɱ¾
һһԾҶûӮİˡ
ʯƺüޱȣʱѰܲмſʼԴѰΪԺԼȼĶ֡
ɴʱʯƺѲ룡
ܹʮλʥ˵ɱ£תƣ⻻ʯƺܹ쵽
̽ȵزǷóˣ
ɱƣһʥ˱ѰɱЩ಻סˡ

Ѫһǧ֮ӣã¾ƿУҵȲ֡
ҪǱɱ
ʯƺüЩȥˡ
λǱ磬ʧһЩʥˣȴԲûǡ
Ѫ³Ʋɿʱǳֵʱ򡣡
˵ţһȣһֱսһھʥ´ǶһϣҵҪѰֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
Щʥˣʮս
һʱ䣬Ȼһ䡣
֮ǰʮλʥһ֣Ѿƾס
ڣʮλʥ˼룬ǵݣֱ˼¡
һӴһ𣬶ȥһӪˣ
ڣǵìͷָѰһˣ
˭һĻֻ¶ͬΪʥѰսȻ죬ɱΧ
ԾҲ͵һȾ£ѰӶݣץˡ
ԶѪɺﾡǷ֮ɫૣɱɣһսأֻҪӣֵã



1576 
ʯƺͻʥһĻͷһѹֺ𶯡
Ϊڤ˾εľȻȱǺ͵̣ųܹڴ˾޵С
ɻκһȥ˶ľʥΧҲκһ˿ʤİգ
ܹΧ£ѰҲ޺ˡ
ʯƺ
Ⲣֻиж
սѰɵڴսϢҲõĿ
Ż߳һʵܲ˼顣
Ҳˣ°ޱȣɴʱҲòϣСڤžһȻѰһϯ֮أԲ῿
ʱȫĿȫ۽Ѱһϡ
ձ֮ǰѹˣϰλʥһֶԸһˣ飬ľ֮Уƾ޽У
̫⣬Ҳ̫ˡ
һĻɱ¾еѰȴϵȱΧ͵̤նӰ֮¡
ӰΣȻɣȴͨǵħֲͬںһ𣬹ճһֶضԾϡ
˶ͿΪΪͽͶ
Ȼ쳹ѰһӣһϰټʵʥХ
ÿһʥǱѰռսƷṳ桢ǹꪡӡӶʽʥУһ˼֮࣬޲ɢʥϢ
ֻЩʥѱѰ¼·ܵĵͼ
ʱһ˼ʥһХٿȻ֮ѣͷֲܣְ˷ɢܹĵͼйһ
¡
գۼ䣬ⷽأããǣ磬ܻһޱȵĴ
ա
óˡ
Ծظ
ǰһʱ䣬Ѱػ֮Ǻ󣬱һֱǹ
ΨһʱѰǺεȷ񣬼ҹԼյؼʥ׭ͼ
һѰջսƷ¼Ϊ˹
ʥÿһֵǣ˭Ѱýȫ
ûУ
һеĸΪ˴ս

ʲô󷨣
Ϊ޷˦ѣ
Уһ󾪺ԭڵһھʥˣ⧲֮£û塣
ʶͷƵģƾȫֿ޼¡
̶̼գۼ䣬Ƭؾͱããû˵ЩʥˣǵϢʧ
ԶԶȥããͨǵأ֮ǰļɱ˿̾Ǿĵģޱȣһ˿ûˡ
µǣ֮ǰʱһЩԶսʥûüܣããĴС
ΨԾѼˣ΢΢һЦУ޳ٻӰܿʧ
Ǽһֽ
ѪɫһϵˣɻǸû뵽Ͼʲôܹһ˲סϰٵľʥˣ
ңƴ˵ȴͽһ˲ܲóģ

ô죿
ʯƺü
һһ磬޷ǿһͻᱻС
һԵĻȻƴ󣬱ɵʦ֣в⡣
ǻֿа취ƽ⣿
Ѫµ
Ҳǵʦ
ҡͷ
ӳڣ԰쵽һһͨһϸһλ֤ĵ۾ڡ
ʯƺüѪ֣˴ûӳǰ󣿡
ѪɫһޱȣǼһڱչأϾˡ
λʥһ֣εǿݣ
ɻû棬ֱӾͱ˸ڴУֱһƹѪ¶òѪ
˵βصϴĸްɣ
ʯƺʵ
ѪһͻһΣʮλʥ˺ͶʮһȫûѪܵĽѵǲޱȡ
һĻǼֱǻĴ
ᣡ
ȴȻ֮ԴȪ֧ţֻŲ˶ãֻҪЩľʥһֿ󲻳һӣƱػɢ
ԣѪºʯƺɫŻͲ١
ֻһ뵽Ҫһʱ䣬оͲһƣһӰԷ̫벻ˣ
ǧ㣬û㵽ӻֶΣ֪ˣ͸õһЩͨһǿһǰ
Ѫ°ҧ

Уһ
һ磬ϰٵľʥˣһʥ˲ͬУ˴˲ĸ֪ʶܵ谭
УʧеһҶƵġ
ǺȻһ赽¡
ǳԹͼããƿһӣȴ޼¡
ʱѰУеһϸڶ˺ֵسͷ
Ͳڻ֮еġľȫһһ˼ʥɡ
ԴȪҲЩʥЩʥһʱͻɢ
֮ܶһΣĴһʥ
ѰҲǻһսƷó˴ֱʣһ󷨳
ν
ЧҲܾˣһУ˶Ϊȴף
ৣ
ûκԥѰӰ˸չ
һУʥ˻һأһķУӳ
㣡
ͻǣһʱӦ
ٶ֮죬ȫǵһƿһ˵ķâ㣬Ŷʿ

ɺѪ䣬λʥ˱
ʱ˲һĨâȻһӨӲӣޱȵĶУâ˸ϢǶ
ߣ
ɫ䣬Ųƶȥ
ǰ·ϣѰӰ֣ѰӰģʺѪԪ
ৣ
ɨƥѪɫֱӽϯûС
գۼ䣬ʬ޴棬ɵ

ѰҲȥ
άϵ̫ʱ䣬սپ
䣡
ܿ죬һУʥѰĳʮͷֳʤ
ڶ֮£Ԫ֮£һӶʱ鹭һɱ
ʮλʥΧʱɱµѰȫǴݿɱ֣һ·޿赲
ԭܼ򵥣УѰռƣһС
˵һһһ壬һʮѰԣûвԣ
Ƭ̹ѣ½жʮλʥ˱ѰһһٲȻֳһɱʥɱ̬
żһЩʥǾ͸ˣѰԺͿв˶ûʲô
ɱ¾ͬʱѰϾ̷ҩ鵤ʱʱ̲̿䱻ĵҪɡ
֮ڴУѰΨһףɱᣡ
Ψһȱݻǣ֧Ų̫ãĻѰپʥ˾ɱ١
ͬʱںºϣѪǵɫǽ
Ϊϣʱʱؾͻ쳹һʥɰ֮˽⵽ǴеǺεȲңǺεȴĿģ



1577 
ããĴؼ䣬Ϣطž
ϣȴʱʱ̶̿дĿѪɫʥɰ֮쳹
ò
Զеİǿ߶Ѵǣֱð׹ߡ
ţ˭һλһλʥѣããĴС
ÿ϶д˾塣
λʥ˺һʥȴ㱻¾
Ǻεȴ
ΪαУʥ˶ݽ棿
ʮŸˣǼһеģѾʮˣ
ʯƺ࣬Ŀѡ
һΣԭЩ֮ԱǣΪѪ°ڳ˴ƣȫʦڡ
ڣΪѪ˽Сˣ
Էһˣɱʮλʥ˵Χս׿о׵Ŀɲ
ʯƺļ£еޱȵѹ
ʱԷƾֲµһ󣬾סһھʥˣֶμֱǷ˼
ѪɫǻصҰеʥ֮ʯƺɫҲǱѿޱȡ
Ĳ֣
ɫ䣬Ҳ޷򶨣ʳ
Ѫ߬˫֣͵Σǿ԰еķŭͱơ
һĻ˭ҲԸƻ̫⣬λ뿴Ǵ
ѪָԶ¶̹ǵĺ⣬ұ֤ȴɢʱұصһ֣˴ӣ
ݶҧ顣
һΣãѾĻв֣Ϊ֮Ѱ
롭
ȴ˶⣡

մС
ѰӰ˸УɫžһλѲ߮ɱԼе
֮ʥ˽ɣ
սԼУÿһγ֣к춯أɱʮ֮
ƾʥǿһ֮
ͣ
һƥɱ֮ʥ쳹һʥ˾һͷţޣ
糱䡣
ţһۣ֮ʥţһǧɽӣǳҡΣ
ɤٴҲͽ͡
ѰҲǰУɵ֮İת
һһ־ţӲӴĿХȥ
Գ棬ںܣ
¡
ţֱ֮ӱƿʥסǵȿֲը
һĻĻڴвϷš
еľʥˣԪɱеıеı̫ɱеıָ顭
֮УгɵѾõϹŶоɾ޵ĺ֮㣬гĴϵʥӣʦйϵľӣС
һ⣬ԱѰɱ
Ĳҽʵ˻ŭ˷
вףףܳɾ;ʥģĸǷѾǧ࣬ĥѣ֮ӱ˶
ɵ٣½Կգվֻʣһyݹǣ
һ̣Щеľʥ˶ԣֱǶ꣬Եޱ֮尾
̵ֻ֡羪κ˰ǵɫ޲ҵ
ţ
ɺܿ죬˲˷ʼɢˣĸ֪Ҳɢ
޾֮·Ҫ𣡡
˿Ц
סһҪס
˴С
ͬʱѰֹüͷײ壬ȷͽˡ
ʣʮˡ
˲ѣѰ͸ӦʣµЩʥǶѻһ
һѰó鹭ͱ䡢Ī֧

Ҫɢˣ
Ѫɺһܡ
һΣҪ
ʯƺɫ䣬ɱ糱ӿ
ϣ
ûзϻһʽӣѩĳ֮ϣʥѪͼԵޱȡ
֮ǰ߽Աһӵĺ޺ŭֻűеľʥ˱ɱҪĥ
ڣڵǷʱ
󣡡
Ѫ´
ǸλʥǿߣԣԼһӻ죬˴Ӱж
ɲǼ䣬һ˸ӻҡҷһĿÿһԳֳһʥϢ
ٵٿȻΪһͨĺƴ⣬ֱ嶷ţҡǺԾǬ
ϸȥǺƴУгɰǧʥУһʥϡ
ʥս󣿡
ʯƺһС
սһ໥ϵսֶΣ
ͱ緲֮ʱԻսսͳԦܹɱյЧ
ɴﵽʥٰ֮սͲһˣż̵ҪΪ˴ĵ;ͬһѽϡ
ʯƺҲ˵ѪħУһֶصġս֮
ֻÿһʥһΪս֮ıͨս֮֮ĺӦܽһʥ֮һšһӶӳĿֲܡ
սСȡе֮⣬ԭа˰ʥһϣӳսԻɱʥ֡
Ѫ³ɺ޵ǣղһʥڣֻʣ˲󣬲ˣսңӲ
⣬ʯƺͻ¶һĨɫ
Ѫ¿ڤ˾֮һѪħȴ˵ȥӲ֪սε֮ǿ
û뵽Ѫִ˴׼˳㣬˴ɱСӣҲ練ƣ
ʯƺЦ
䣡
ҲڴʱԶĶǸؼմڴ˿
ʱҰ¶һȺʥ˵Ӱ
ʲôֻʣ¶ʮˣ

Ѫ¡ʯƺ˶ɫ䡣
̶̲һʱ䣬ϰλʥˣֻʣ˶ʮŸ̫أ
Щеʥһûлȫˣ
Ȳпȫ˶ŭɫĿˢˢԶ֮ϡ
ѰӰƾ࣬Եϣףɡ
ɴʱȴֻǰһʹ궼һֱ˵ĸоë׵
Ϊһѹ
һ۰׹ýɵ󹭣ѪĹѱڴܣ׼նϢݣӳֳһĻĻ˼ʥɳ
нѪд׹䣬ʥ˷
֮ϣһڰƵļʸϣңָ֮֮ǵأ
ã
Ѫ¡ʯƺ˽һʶԾ
ֻǣҪȥֹʱˡ

֮ըף쳹ʮͼڰƵıӳ֮ϵһֱ俪һֱѷ졣
ƥɲ֮һӳʢɲĹ⣬Хȥ
䣡
һ̣ǸմӴĶʮʥˣ类ײ㡣
նֲ֮û
ԶѪµһɫ䣬ÿֲһ
ٿȥʱѪҽо죬Ѫȵĳ䣡



1578 ѹ
һ
ˣʮˣʣˣѪȵһĻõȫ𺧣޲ɫ䡣
ɢ㹻ˣѰһָǵͷһ
ɲǣһչֳɱѪµ˶һ󵨺㶼š
Ǻεȹӵɱ֮
ˣ
ŰķΧУѰٶ乭ɫĪʺѪĹϣ͵
Ϥķ׼ٶ쳹С
֣
Ѫ´ȡ
һ𣬻ս󡱵λʥԥһ
䣡
ͼһ֮ϣƴޱȵĽ͵һն£ֱѰ
ѰȻһУܵһѹһʹвȣǿս
ţͣͣĪ͵ظıĿ꣬ӭնĺƴ
䣡
ѰĺĪųʢ貵棬ǺƴײĲɢա򡢴ȫݱ顣
һգǺƴͬʱĪҲ赲ˡ
ѰӰһΣѪڡ
һﾹܵסսһ
һ󾪺
ȷ̫ţ֪ս۵һʥâѰȴסˣ
Ѱߣս֮ǿȴǣһȫΪǣ
˵ʱһӣ鹭ԪٶȸֶӰһͳԶɱȥ
ѿڣԶϣԪؾڵעֳ᳹
Ҳ˵ʱһֻʣӣ
ѰѾȫԸ
ɱ
ۼһĻ°Ļһѹķɱױ
ৣ
Уѩսһɨֽһ˺ƥĵԾ
Ѱ˸Ԫб̣һͶԷֱײı
һͣͫѰ֣ʶֵսεȿֲ
ն
ʯƺɱˣһ˳ʢƥɫꪣԡӲӵǻУǿս㡣
һ˴ɲʥӾ̣Ǭֲ˼¡

дѰӳʹһɲǼͽʮΣԱ
ѰԪٴɱĻսһ
ʱѰֱǿƵ£һ˶ѣͺＤսһȻ·硣
һĻһȫ𺳣
սڤ˾ȾѴǿսһһӪ߳ƣ졣
ڣѰһˣȴסλɱ
Զڴеİǿ߼һĻǣӲһʧ
¡¡
˼սϴ򵽵ϣԣʩչ֮ʢԶЩʣľʥ˶岻֡
ԶԾӯӯѰ¸ӰĬĬ㡣
ֻҪѪˣٵһսѲΪǣһսѵֳʤ
ֻǣԪؾڶѿҪ٣ʱЩˡ
˼ʱͼԶѪ£͵طһХӰ̤գս
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Ѱʱ쵽ˣ㻹䣿
УѪһӣһѪɫʯĥɵĴڿնɱ¡
һޱȵʥӡһħͼڣɢϢҲ׶֮
һ£ħһѰɱ
аӣʲôͶ̥ɣ
ѰɫתһзޱؽһİͷŶ
䣡
һ˲ϢٶѪʥԪ֮Ϊһ¯˴Ź
Ӷ۰ӿ嫵֮ɢⷽضҡƳܲסΰ
飡
ԪһѪɫڤӣĵ˳ɫãһﾹֵ;ʥֲ޿֣
ʲô
ʯƺһ
һ̣ҲѪֻһͱ䡣
¡
ͬʱѰ̤ǰԨ֣ȻתͼһħӰĭ㱻û
Ѫ⧲Ѫ񱦶ֶɡ
һ˲Χ֮Ʊ߽⣡
ٿѰʱѪǵɫˣأһĨš
־۵;ʥ
ǿڰжѰٲֻڹϵĴ˵вųֹ
û룬ǽռһŵĴ˵
ΣһҪɱ򣬴˴ξ֮ŻӪҪΪӷ̣
Ѫɫأҧ
ˡ
ʯƺҲһɱΣѰϣܵ˳ޱȵв
ɱ
սֻǺ֮ǰͬѪµλﶼɱڣޱ
Ѱв֮еĿ֣
ǲУΧͬС
Ѱ̤ǰ壬ڷԪͶнӳݺɱǿޱȡ
ѪµߣһԲȫ
¡¡
һʱ䣬кϣ춯ء
ս˵ھսǷ۾УѳƵʥеĿ֮˸Ž
Զһǿ߶ѿסѰչ¶ֶ壬Դ벻Ĺ̥
˼ǣûеڰУ˹Żǵƶ񤡢֮ء

أԪ𿪣ץסᣬٿȻѰǰѩսն
˵ƾã˵Ĩɱ֮ͻᱻѹ뵶Уܵļ尾
ɾڴʱ͵زЩԡ
ѰǺһƬ䣬ǵûκξţһֱڵȴһ
󣬻Ϳһߵ֬ƿѰС
ǡ
͵һܲв
ܣֻȫӲ
ৣ
ƿУһĨӳȥ޻ء֮أƥ޿ɾ
䣡
춯ذײУֱӱɣȫֵ޼¡
嶼飬Ѫģ۰׹¶ŴԭǵĻľѹѱ飬¶һѪ
ܼʱһҪ
һĻ̫죬ѪºʯƺӦʱһȻʧɫ
һͱش
֪峾ҲǱһشģֻ¾Ͳˡ
䣡
ôʱѰѶ֣εУȻֳǵص̫ƺƵ罣û
ٿȻѣʯƺ
ʮǧ
ѰĶУԪִ֮Ѱں֮ʩչ޳ն
Ŀֱָ꣬Ѫ£
һ̵ѰȫѺޱͷţ֮¶ڳС
һصĺ
ʯƺɫ䣬ȫֵ
һ࣬ѪҲһѹ˲ȫ֣߷
սӴ˿̷ʤ
ԶԾһ۾Ϳѵ˹ؼʱ̡



1579 ɥ֮Ȯ
ʮǧ̫
ÿһκʥοʮǧһ
ʯƺһʱƷһζеһҶۣڳܾκ˵ĴʱиûΣա
飡
ѵĽк˷ʯƺƴֿеɫꪶ㱻ɳȥ
µķҲܵĺɱ
ɲǣɫͷף̲סѪûκγɣ㱦л⡣
оӨĥɵ׭Ż㡢ɽӲľĴӡҲʣϼʢı
ֳһλĵˣֹ츳ݣսһȱκǿ
ҲǼ㱦󣬲ſֵסưôĽɱɻʯƺɿ
ৣ
ѰУɳһڹ׾ӵľѰѰΨнӡһ뷡֣۵Ϣ
Ҳ֣ѿѰľȫòһˣ
˽ʯƺͷƤ飬еֵ۽ǽ峾ѹױУѵ
µһֿܣ
ֿܣʯƺ޷
ֻǣѵĽѰ³һ֣
ȥ
ľӿգХȥ
ϣһɬĹ⣬һиǷնܲסֱը

ʯƺԴУħ㣬۾ˣԼıֶκԥʹ
һϽۣڿն𣬺ľ档
䣡
ضɽҡһ½ض״Ƶĺˮ࣬ؾˡ
һ̣ͼʯƺ͵׹ݺݵ뺣ˮѪѣѪˡ
̻֮ʯƺ֮ش
һ˵ʵ򶼼˲ɣò˼顣
һ࣬ѪҲɱ׽⣬μ穡
о޲׽͸һĨ⣬޷ÿһɱ㱻ѪµסҲܵ𣬻Ƕ飬Ѫ壬ޱȡ
޳ն
޳ߣ޶Ծɱ
ֱʯƺشѪ»Ҳһ£ɫȻ
ֵ۽
Ѫ֪ܲ˱ԭ˭
һ뵽޹Ľ峾ѾܣѪ»ë
ʱ䲻ˣͶ·
ʱѰǿʢ£ǰԪ͵նһ
ȥ޻أ
ս۵ıѧһʽУʱѰԪ
ͼһѪɫڿգףǰ޿ƥаĴơ
ɱ
ѪԭͱоѲۼĻҲ׷ˣʼƴ
һѪɫ׵Ƶķگһɺ춯صĻϢ֮Ƕ׵ٳ㡣
ıֶΡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ײһǻĲӿɢضһƬããһƵĳ
ԶΪսһʥòȫֵܻȿֲĻ𲨶
ڴеİǿҲܣΪܳھҡΣ
գѪ¿Ѫ󲽵ˣ嶼ھҳ鴤һſɷֽ
ˣλش
һƿһֵ۽ܣһѰȥ޻֮ˡ
ǰǰ󣬲ʱѣѰչֳսԼǵ̰˻İƣȫΪ֮
⻹
˵ľ¶֮ɫ
ʼʱ޿֣ºƴɭϵƣΪɱѰ練ơ
ʵȴǺݺݼƣ
ʮλʥһϣȴɱöжס
λʥǳȴûüͱڴУֱֻʮλ
ʱλļлȴûѹסѰ棬һһش
һϵɱÿÿϣѰչֳǵȺȴκ˶
ֲ̫
Ƕƶ񤡢ûĹŻУӿֳһ޵аĸ
սʱѵƾ֧Ų˶ãʲôٳף
ѪɫˮɭȻ
ײڣ·ȴǿ԰쵽ġ
ѰһԪ
ɾڴʱ͵һƿշȴشĻʯƺһڴ˿ԶԶӶݶȥ
ڳ˽һˣ
λڤ˾֮УȺ׵ľڴ˿һԲˣ
̫⧲
ѰЩϲҪ׷ʱȴѾΪԷӶʱԶȫһ޲õȵļƣǽһɴ䡣
Ѫͫţɳ̲ס˻ǡǡӲı
ȷըˣսʱɻʯƺȴһкֱߡ
Ѫܲŭ
ǶϧΪֻҪţоĻᣬˣһжɿա
ѰǷŨŨĲмѪ¡
峾ҲӣϧûᣬҵϣйһЩǧҪЧЩɥ֮ȮĶ
ʲô峾Ǳɱˣ
Ѫ»һ
ǿ߶ǻ峾ǿһλɱ֮ɲ֮ľ۽ʥ
ˣ
ˣȥʽ峾Ǹã
˵ʱѰ̤ճȫɱÿһնǣƣ಻
һâʢͻͣǬѾγ쳹ĽݺôÿͷǸεѡ
ѪһСĵˣ򣬵ѰѪħ֮Ҳܻһֱֱ̣չ
ʯƺӶݣѾʶƲֹۡ
ʱѰɱѪµһͷˣҲûи翹Ĵ㡣
ѪħӪԺ޹ǰ̣ĿԸھͺѰƴ
οȥƴռӮˣҲֻǲʤòκκô˵Լأòʧ
ǰˣģֻӳաǬˡЩˡ
ˣѪ¾ˣ᲻ʣ
Ҳһ˲Ѫ˾ϡ
ˣ
Ȼʯϣȫǻ۳ɡս󡱵һʥˡ
ڲڴеİǿߣ͸ˣһȺδʥ֮˾ˡ
Ѱ´ʱһҪ
УѪ·Թ䣬͵ؼһѪܵӡ
䣡
ѪըͨǵأѪããŰѰü͵һ䣬ŽѪããɢ
ѪµӰʧ
˰
Ѱһ̾ûȥ׷
Ϊʱ䲻ҲǰĿıͲɱУǻ͹ŻЩԪؾ
ڣԪؾڼȫֳ
Ѫǡܹһʱھ֮Ļ֮ǰעһӲ
ʱڳ˶ɵۣû뵽Ѫ¾ҲӶݡ
ңֱӾͰЩˣ
һ뵽⣬Щʥһĳ嶯ζܺܵˣ
ЩѪħǿߣһɥĶˡ
Ѫ¿ǵ䡣
ڣȻֱӾͽˣ
һʱ䣬ţ˽ɫޣʲôаĪᵽˡ
Ѫ¡ʯƺﶼΪ˱ѡһһӶݣ̫أ
һʱ䣬һսֳܷʤˡ
ѰЦЦ磬ɨԶЩʥ̤ǰС
죬˵ҪֹκһнԪؾȻҪ˵


1580 
š
Ѱ̤նУĿԶ
ŻʯƺѪµӶݣлʣʮλʥˡʥԼǡ춨еһڰǿߡ
ʱѰǽԴѣɫ䡣
죡ס
Щʥ˻۾ˣ̰οЩʥ
ֻϧǶѲ̶ͬȵظˣΨһ̵ܹģǻΪս󡱵λʥ
䣡
űսתһյʥӶӻ졣
ͼټսϿգһƴۣΪһͨĻͻͽ
˽ǰʢǲԶеİǿߣܵǻĽ⣬սΪģ˲ϯǰǧɣֲޱߡ
Щֵ̿İǿ޲һ񣬿һ˿⡣
ֻҪ赲סѰĲֵԪؾڳ׳֣עתΣΪ

ͼʱѰٶӿʮǧֻһ֣뺣ǰĴƿһա
ۼĻپʥ𣬻֮ǰǱƿһٻˣ
ɫһ䡣
սеʥҲʶ㣬ԥһƴƥĽն
䣡
ҡض޹⡣
ǽ£ֱ罣һɣƿֲ˼¡
٣
ʱѰ³һ֣ƿУʮǧȻХ
һ˲޾ǵغХÿһԶĿ̫֮⣬Хȥǡʮǧһɱ
֮ʢһأ绯֮磡
¡
翪ٵذ㣡
ǰֻʣ޾貵Ĺ⡣
ذ⣬սԻΪ磬ӿĽɽХײŰ֮Գֳ𡢴ֲľ
ãؼĹâŽŰһеˣŽƽϢ
УĿȫǣ类ĲһƬƿˮһա
ٿУսѱƻ֪ʥһνѣ֫бۺɣѪˮȾ졣
ҴʥҲฺˣÿһ϶дȻ֡ɫ
ս֮ôʥ˱ᣡ
ڣȴݿ߽ˣ
һν棬ʥﶼ룬ֱһѪȴɱ
ٿ߿֮ϣһԣ崹⡣
ɫǲ԰ޱȣɱֱ粻󣬸죡
һɲؼ䣬Ϊ֮˴ܡ
޵аƣ޷սκ˾
һУѰ
ⲻܡⲻܡ
ڣ޷š
һΣҪȫû𡭡
һЩǿ߶¶
ѵ޷ƥеģʥΧɱκβãλҲκβãս󡭡Ҳκβã
˱
Ѱͷ·𲻰ս˼
ֻԾѣһľƽˮѰˣһսبδ֮
ߣ
ӣ
ûκ⣬нʣЩʥ˺ʥһѶ־ҳɣ˷ȥ
ɢˣ
һ̣Ծڳ©֮Ҳ㣬ܾôˣ
ͬʱѰ͵һ鹭óҲֱҡ

ܼĹұŷ֮ѵľףؼ쳹
ÿһʱ˷֮أһѪը̻ʢУɺĿ
ɲǼ䣬ʮʥʥ˱
ɼˣòٵӶݡ
Ҳû취Щʥ;ʥһƿŲ֮ȫƴʱѰԾ֮ҲԽȫ¡
Ѱû׷̤գٿȻºǡ춨ǰ
ɫǲ԰ֽأɴʱ֣Ƕڴڵİǿ޲¶֮ɫ
ǿԪؾڳˡ
ѰĿԽ󣬿ԶĺϿգһްŻǣɢɬعϢ
ֻҪӵо۳ʥʸǿ߽Уӵȥ۳ʥԵĻᡣ
ɴʱЩǿ޲пɬɫ֪Ѿûлˣ
Ѱһӣʱ䣬Ƭ췭ظɶʮĿŶʥĴûѪµƿأͺһ֮ûʲô𣬸ѲסѰ
˲䣬һڰǿߣͱѰһѹڴڡ
ԶʮĿศɵʥɣÿһŶʥ鶼֮ܽΪ
Ѱһ˼⣬һŤͷȥ
ͼĿǲ顢ѪȰĳ·˵֮ǰһսǺεȵľ춯ء
ԾӰԼսУɨսƷ
ע⵽ѰĿ⣬Ծ̧ף续ľ¶һĨȻ˵Цݡ
ѰһЦתԪؾǰپһɿɲޱȵعѹȶֹԼ
֪ʥܽС
λ۳ʥ컯УǷܶãͿԱˡ
ѰСС졢Ц졢ҹ巡ȵȹŻų
ҲǽͣٽԪؾ
ɼˣ˿ԶǲơľʱҲܲ³֮ǰѰȻһѪȼҵս
нԲ
֣лˣ
ҵȳʥ󣬱һսΪǣΪŻӪǣ
һһȭ񣬶½Ԫؾܿʧ
ֱһӰҲ֮Ѱظ㣬һ
һ˵ƣӿȫ
֮ǰһսֶΣɱǿ֮ĩ;ƿݵıԵ
оյؽһڹŻǿ߻ͽԪؾжѰһʯ˶ˡ
ںˮ֮ϣóƺ«ͷһ죬̲סЦ
ѪЩǲߣټһʱ䣬ӮĿ׵Լͷϣ
־͹Щһһ֣Բһ飬һѣעֱ
ʯƺʱһкûѪ¶һ£⧲
ٱѪʱֱӾڳͬ飬һϵеľٶŵǻ֮ܵѸ͡
ɽҲˡ
̫ðʧˣϿúþһ㻤
ԶԾѰǲ԰׼͸ӣɫ䷺һĨϧ
á
ѰʹӦóҩ鵤ʼָ
Ծ˫ֱϥһ࣬Զˮˮż׿Ѱһۣһ˵ľ׺̤ʵ
ͬʱڹŻĽ绤֮ǰ
˳ȫԿվɳɣұޱȵʥҪ乥ƣǺѡ
ԶԶأӳڣзһ˿̾
ѰǺֶΣƾ˳֮󣬾֤һϣӵеƴʦˮ׼


1581 ֮ͫ
ӳһۣͷ࣬üĿһڰ׷տȻ
ӪһĵӣΪ֮ţ̳֮
磬ǵģɲֵġ
Աߣӳѩüͷ𣬱ﲻ
ǣ󣬴ؼ汸ܻɬҵͣҲҪһЩʱ䣬ܿ䱾ʰء
ӳճżǰʱѪһǿߣںº󣬲⣬Ѱɡ
˳ûѰ򣬽̤Ҳǳ顣
У¶Եš
Ǿͺá
ӳѩ¶Цݡ
һΣѪǣѰֻ¶û뵽Ԫؾ֮ʱӳöˣûǰŻĽ绤֮ǰǣ
ȷһܴ󵨵ľٶ
ɶӳնԣ㲻ʲôֹǶԼʵţԼͬȱģ
֪һһϵĴУ򶼳Ƶһ
Ȼ˴ιǵģֻӳöˣڰУǿڵȺš
ৣ
͵أӳУֳһĹ⻷һһףǡתƷš
֮ͫ
Уȿֲ۾ǰ磬۾ǺҹΪΪģִƺڰҹļתͨ
ȻվǴţ֮ͫϵġһ츳ͨ
ڴͫɨ£ܹﱾ࣬±ʣһܱƿ
ҲΪһǿߣܹһӵмҪԭ
ƾͨȥһžԵƣ
ܿ죬ӳͫɨ£ټĻ֮ǣȫ۵ףӡڳǽеһۼ˺ֵسֳ
ɱ󣬰֮󡭡
ֶΣص֮¶ǵͼ֮ȫһ֮УνؽͬҲˡ
ҵʱ䣬ܱһʥ֮һЩϱƴʦѶˡ
ףȵƲֿʵ캱Գһ壬һשʯһֶ֣ΣΪҴδ˵
Ƭ̺ӳ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һƴУȴûмĵƴС
һǣȫΪһǳǣǾٲֱ˴ˣֻҪƣ˳Ǿ棡
ǾƲӳն̲סϸĥһ
Ϊȵƴ󣬾Կ˸񣬼ڰ˴жһģ̺İأҲǾ֮
ѰһŻˣǴõƴУΪҴӲ˵
ӳΪԾ
֪ŻɴӲʲôƴڣҲƴдǿȺ
ƫƫأѰȴһƷ˼ĴԵ̫˼ˡ
ӳտɲ֪Ѱĵƴ¹£¹¿ɲھˡ
Ѱ֪ӳջ˶𾪣ֻҲ֣ΪСѧϰһˣ
磬вУ
ȴãҲӳշӦӳѩ̲ס
ӳմӳ˼ѣâһãڵǺϣѰᱻѪЩһɱˡ
ӳѩ죺ΪΣ
ϵƴм֮ǿ󣬱֮һƴжѶãԳһܽȴжС
˵⣬ӳѴһĨʢҾģܹ֤֮٣֮֮·
ӳѩһȴܲǼһʲôʸȺһᲢۣ
ӳЦЦûж͡
ֻҪѰյƴǺεȲˣ
ãȥºһѰˣס
ӳշԸ
ѪǻӦ
ӳѩü
ǺѪӳһֶԸѰȴܾˡ
ӳպԥǾ͸ֻҪѰϺһйصֻҪӦӳտǷһ顣
ӳѩγˣǺеĵλεȳȻǷһ飬Ǽֱκδﶼᶯģ
ɴˣҲԿӳǺεѰϵƴС
ûٵ飬ӳѩҴҶȥ
ӳǣԡ֮ͫ커֮صء
ԽԽĶ
Ѱٵһɵ۵·Ʋסزһ־ڱصõĿ
ܿ죬ӳվ侲
֮ǿƴʣ̤ƴ˳ǣ˹ŻӪĸ

Զͷϣ껺貢
ȻԪؾ٣Ѱȥ󣬾оϲļһûˡ
üϳӳյݡ
һóľһƽдİأİ쵽ˣǿɾͲˡ
üҲһĨɫ
ӳտֻһˣվŵģӪκ˼ɵ
һƻ֮ǴİأĴڣҲͬ裬޷Ӵ˳ǣ
ڤ˾Ȼûһʡ͵ƣҲ뵣ģѰ뿪ʱ˵ֻڳУ㲻֮ء
Ц
ȴһ֪̾ĵķѰӳնҴҡڵسڴˣԪؾǱߣ֪жڵѰ
һĬЦʥͷ­ԣҿֶΣ˻Ѱ˵ģȻȥȻȫ֮ա
ϣˡ
ૡ

ʱһһš
ӳɫԽԽأƾ衰֮ͫƽдİʱеޱȳ
ɬ͸һ棬ԭڣǵȲֶΣǰδ
磬ˣ
أӳնһŵ͵ջĿ⣬Ťͷȥͼӳѩһس
˺£ѵѪ²Ӧ
ӳü
ǣѪǡǰˣ
ӳѩһĻš
ӳһҲһ⧲֮Уһ㵣֪˴Ѫ¿ټϰλʥˣԼ˰λʥǿߡ
ˣʯƺλһֻɱѰһ˶ѣֱ練ơ
ôᡭˣ
ӳյһӦǣ᲻Ϣ
ɾӳѩӳɫҲ粻ˣ˵ѰһˣɱѪ߽⣿
ܣ
ûãԶһƿһЩľʥƿնһҲɫȻŲ
²ãԪؾǱߣѪǴܣ
ݽһɷʥ˵мϰٵľʥ˷Ѫ¡ʯƺ˶ѰһˣɱĶӣ
˵ز˾
Ӱ˵УӳŪһսʼĩҲһͷ𵴡
Ѱ׿
ѵѵӵ˴˾޵еĵ̣
ɼˣҲһ˾͵סѪµ˵Ĺ
һʱ䣬ɻӿӳͷɫ粻
磬ǲǵøϽ뿪
ӳѩŵûݲҵֻϢĺ̫˼Ҳֲ̫ˣ



1582 峾ˣ
ӳɫ粻
ѪǵĲҰܣֱһǾף񼤵޷ƽ޷ᷢȺŵ顣
Ŀ⿴ԶŽɫʥϢĳǽĬãմ³һ֣
ߣ
˵գתȥ
һ·ϣӳղٻס
ѪǲҰһ̣֪̤ƹŻ򻤵֮ǵ鶼޹ؽҪ
ΪһҰܣܾʹ˸ıսĸ֣
룬Ѫµ飬˴αǰԪؾİǿߣĿܻо۳ʥĻ᣿
ŻǿߣԳô˻ᣬԪؾеĻԵӶһӿֳλʥˣ
ǰŻӪֻƾ׸ᱻӪС
ɴӽԺע᲻һ
ֹΪӿѰһ׿ǿ֮ĽɫӪУӵܹͰӪĵ̣
Բŵ˵ѪǿֻһҰܣʵӰ쵽սֵı仯
ӳոеĵģ
һ·ϣӳԵޱȳĬһԲӳѩһǿ׷Ҳ޷ƽ
Ѫʦڣڳ˴ƣѰһɱɾֲ
սУ˭֣
Խ룬Խľ
ȻԶһƿһȺʥֻһɫɷףʧ룬
˺£
ӳճֱ֣סһ侲һЩˡ
ȻֱʱӳնЩţѪǲҰܵʵ
걻ʱԭһɵǿߣʱ˿
֮ǰںº֮ϵսгжƲסĿ־塣
ӳ꣬̾һɫ𲻶ѾԶ϶Ϣˡ
һˣùŻӪѰһ˲õ
ӳܳء
ûκζһǿߴҴ뿪

ͬʱ֮ǳ¥ϣ껺ס
ӳվȻ뿪ˣ
Եúܷ
ղţǽ̸ʱɫңӳѩܵȵľţԪؾǱߣʲôѰ飿
һ
һϣȥ
ɣ
æֹһأ
΢΢һЦӻˣѵ㻹Ϊܣ
˵ţڿնȥ
룬ҲȻ
ܹһֹŻǿߣӹһھʥ˵һδ׷ɱս֮ǿȻ޿ɡ
ǣлһ۵ǱĴɱ
ûã껾ͷأֻɫȴԵޱȹ죬һȻ⣬ŵӡ
ôô죿
̲סʡ
ͨһһӰͱڵϣһ뷢԰׵ߣɷ
·;ϣץסϼһһʣʵ˵˷ԪؾǷ顣
һ˼һֻǣȴû뵽ᡭᷢ˷˼顣
һ仰͹ĺģһƽѣʼʡ
ûã͵֪һУҲһǣ׵ϸֳƵ𾪡
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˵ɼǺεȲƽ
ʥͷ­һѰһԵľɱã
껴Ц
жѪ׳ңңѰһˣŭǧɨʮ޿ƥеĳ
֮
Ҳüɫ裬ݺһǾӨȭͷ˵׳٣ԹδУŽӢ޳ң
λ˵඼˵ˣܷ񡭡һʹ죿
ڡ
ȻҲʶ˴עڽӣһʹ졣
Ը
껵ָ䣬߻ҷ
һ죬ŻӪԺ䶯ڻ˵죬֮Уڵĳ
ѰɱķɹһڹŻԪؾǹŻӪԣԺ󣬶ӿֳһʥˣ
Ժǻξ棿
𺳺ܵǣѰһ֮ѹλڤ˾εҲζţֻҪѰ򣬹ŻӪٲǰǰ㱻۸
Ѱ
Ѱ
Ѱ
һ죬Żǿ߶紫֣˭ȻĽж֮⡣
Ϊ˭ŻӪܹ׶ޱȵľսҴѰӹΰ
ŵ˵һˣ͸д˹ŻӪĴ
ЩǰεѰĹϵͳӴȺ˿̶ĬȻˡ
ǿԼѰսͲòѰ

һ죬йһսϢҲ糤˳㣬ѸھսɢһȻ󲨡
ܣѰ˿£
ϰپʥˣѪµλȴȻհѰһ֣֮
ɶ񣡡
Сѵ޵еĲɣ
ۣڱڤɷ衢Ѫħ޵Ȱ˴Ӫв
Ӫ򣬼ֱը˹֪˶𺳺ͻȻ
ȷ̫š
ǰʱ˶ʶΪѰܹ˵Ϊ󷨵ܣսûǿ޵еĳ̶ȡ
ڣϢȴ˵һ˾ѹλ̫˼ˣ
֪ڤ˾Ѿսеսλ֣ѰһܣζţսУѰʵĵһˣ
û˸ţ
Ӫһ򶼱ĺŻӪ˭Ͻһпޱȵ飿
ЩȻһЩ֮ѿʼ磬ʶ˾ƵϾ
սѪµ˰ˣͬǰӪһˣΪգûһ˽Ԫؾ
һ£ŻעҪӿֳһʥˣùŻӪĴ֮츲صı仯
£Ҳ˵ǵģ
ǰξ֮ףǰ֮棬һѵҪı䲻ɣ
֪Ϊ˶̾Ϣ
ѰǴðģǿ󣿡
ˣڷʹѰٲȻѾѰͷвԴٲǰǰ㵡
ʥ˿ɲһץһѵĴײˣ
ÿһӪӵʥ˺ʥһ򣬿Ǵһĵ̣
ҲֻھսУܼ˶ʥ˻һľ
ڰУѰʱҲϲлһĻˡ
ŻӪҲȱʥһ֪ЩʥԲͬĹͬӴȺ
ڹŻУЩʥ׶䣬ܱ˾
ڣѰȴʥݽ棬һеľʥ˺ʥﶼ֪жٸˡ
Ե̫£κ˶סΪ֮
ЩðӪе̬أĺ飬ͽ峾йء
ΪϢУ峾ڴ˴ս֮ǰѾɥѰУ
峾޹һλšڸʮƺŵĴڣһλžʥ̵ľޣȻ֪¾Ѱˣ
Եֲ̫



1583 ɫɲ
޹Ӫ
ټĻ֮УȺĴǻۣΧ£ԭڽ峾Ĺǰ
Ⱥ鼤ߣ
йؽ峾Ϣأ޹Ӫը˹û˸Ŵ¡
Լǵһʱ䣬ǲԼͬػ۶Ҫִƴ޹Ӫһ˵Ҫһ˵
ڣɫ࣬ɢɲɱ⡣
飡
ǰ빺Ȼը顣
Ѱ಻סɱһ̽ôãȻûѰģˣȫ¶Ǹ֪˭
һЩĸʵģԭΪڽ峾ѶԾһֱȥ
룬Ѱȴˣ
޹Ӫ붯У
سϣ߻кܶڵȴ̬ȡ
˵
һǿ԰סеŭ⣬ɫȻسȥ
£Ѿ޷ϵʱԽãͻô޹ӪľԽҡ
ˡ
ѾôǣѰǳԼǾ͵޹Ӫĳ޺ŭɣ

һ죬޹򴫳Ϣȷ˽峾Ѷһʱ䣬޲䶯
峾ǵȾˣ
֮УɶӲй飬û룬һȴ⡣
֪ɱ˽峾Ѱֱ̫£һѿԳͷŴУ
𾪡ȻɵڸӪ
һ죬ѰֱּһޱȵĴɽѹ˰ÿǿͷ
֮ʢѹսһʱ޶
֪ˣ͸ôӦѪµġ
ڤӪĬá
֪Ѫµ˲Ұܺͽ峾Ϣûֻֻ֮С
˵ȫǼٵġ

ѪǶԵģ̫͹Ѱˣֻǣ˭뵽Ż򾹳һˣ
Ӫˡɫ粻òһ̾
֪ԪؾʱѪµĽ飬ƾһ֣ɱѰ
ϧǣһѻѾʧˡ

ԽԺ󣬹ŻӪƱؽһɨƣǿҪɵľѰӣ
ǬâܣʶսľƣѾˡ
ɱѰŻӪעܱ̤ƣ
սһˡ
ǬȻָ߬

һȺûӵĴǾܾһжϹۣĿܷ飿ںˣѪħ򡢶ɣɷӪأŻƶ𣡡
ˡЩھǺڡҲˣ
Ѫħ磬ʤ¥ŲУѪͷɢɫɫ価Ǻεĺ⡣
˴βҰܣѪħʧΪأ
ֹʮλʥ˺İλʥѣһЩϣ۳ʥĺӣҲһˡ
ټѰѪħʱɵʧ֮󣬶޷
ŵ˵ڰӪУѪħӪѱ룬Ԫ
Ѫܲޣ
ڤϢһڷսʱһɱѰ
һߴҴҶϢ
ûգ
ѪԹʮ㣬ҧгݿڡ
ˡϢ˵ϴε飬Ǹ⣬пܣϣһ֡
ܿ죬Ϣ
ϴβǺóЦѪµСֿƨҿɸʲ𣡡
ѪŭգɲˣϴˡܾԼʱ˵ĻǺεȴ̶⡣
ţһһϢ֣֮Դ֮䣬Ǹ⡣
ͬʱҲѪһڷսʱѰͷŴС
շߺ޵Ѫ£ĿܾôӦˣ
붼û룬ֱӱȫܾˣ
ʲô⣬ǵʱһ֮ԱǣԸ֣ʶѰĿ£һסˣÿЦ
ѪǽһԹޡ
ؼǣѪħ̫ˣѰһڵöɢܣѪĶڵѪ
ֱ侲ʱѪղòϣӦҪѰĻǲܵ顣
̫׿սƾκһ֣
£Ҳǰ֮󣬷սͻή١
ʱзǿߣͻᱻŲƵǷؾУСսѫˡᡭ
սѫˣغܷ֮⣬ҵ뵽֮ĿģҲΪѼ㹻սѫˣӵǰ֮ʸ񡣡
ʣѰ϶ȥˡҲȻ뵽УܾǺǷսеĴע᲻ֹˡ
˼ãѪ̾һʶԼٷŭ뱨𣬾ֻܴӦȥǺ
ˣ
һ죬Ϣڤٶȷ롭
Ѿǵˡ
ƺҲ֪Ѫ侲֮󣬿϶ٿܣʶûз롣
һΣѪͬˡ

º
ѾѰ޵ĵʮ졣
ɫžƮʥԣԺֳһʥ࣬绷ƣɹ꣬һڴԨӳա
ڣڵʥԪӲӵ󣬱ںХ֫ٺ֮У費ͻ֮ͣࡣ
š춴£ЩʥԪҲ֮ԽԽۺ
أڻ춴ڣԴɽذεض𣬲
ֻĴָСɸ˵ĸоһСɽһɽ壡
ԴɽʥڣϻһĵкͱԴ֮ԴɽԽۺΡ룬޵ʥԽȹ̺ǿ
ѰʱıԴɽȻɱ䣬Ȼֳһͨǵ֮Ρ֮ϣ
䣡
һ˲ѰҲһɾ˵Ĳ𣬽Ʋ㶼ɢˮڣ
Բǧ֮ص˷ӿѰһڡ
ʱͣѰ¹ƮתɢʥϢ֮ǿ˲֪٣
ʥо
ɫˮ¶һӨѩĴԼӰԡУ쾱޳¶羫°壬ɫˮӿǰһѩױҲ֡
ֻǣԾȴƻȻ׵ϸֳһĨɫֱԶѰ
ûмǴһǰʱѰŸʥֽˣ
ʥȵ춼ѣÿһҪķѲ֪ʱ䡢Ե
һЩʥϹһչؾǧ꣬ɼˣΪҲ
Ѱȴһʱͻƣ
Ǹ
ԾѰֹȴԺͻϲΣˮ
ȻһһĿԼϣʶԼֻ˼ˮиţ¶¶Ķ¶ˡ
ȻͼѰЦƾֱӵڴ
Ծգ̵ӰٿȻ˺УһνŮ˷ˡ
Ѱ̲סЦ
ɫɲΡ



1584 ı
ʥо
ֻʥһΪһɶѰԣȴΪһεɱ䡣
ǡһΩΩһһְء
ֹǶֵ;ںϣһֻΪһ޵ʽ
Ȱ֣ؾ
ڴ˾޵Сˡ
ϸı仯ѰȻһ޵š
һ̣Ҳʶһ뿪½ʱ׵۹Ԫ˵ĻǺε˲
ľ֮ɱ䣬Ϊ֮֮׳֮ǿ棬ף޷ǽı仯
Ϊ𣬿ԶԿ٣ʥָ·
ҲһֻҪᡣ
򷨣ֶ֮ͬΣȻյ֪ʶ顢ֺγһڵ
֮Ǵ
ھԵǰƾǻͨ죬ıԾҲעᱻ÷飡
Ѱֻ麣Ϊѣһ⻹ǳԣŽЩΪ۽Ŀоһ
򣬷価ʱߵ֣֮޷ǡǿˣ
ڤ˾Ѳգ
һ̣ѰһƬףڵ;ϣսڤ˾Ҳջƻ
ԼҪ·δزҲǾ֮ͬ˿ɱȣ
ʱѰǣʥķ緶磬ٲȻĴڣ
ѰԺ·;ԶҲӲȱߵɽصԼȥʵǣȥ
ħС磬㿴
أһûԾѴӺˮӳһϮɫȹѣںڳһ׵ϲ
ѰǰһѰǰ˻Ρ
ħС硭
ǳƣѰǶһ鴤ЦѣһͱԾе
ԼĪƴС֬ĥɣ뵣ɣһʥĵɫΣԵޱء

ѰȻ
ǣҴսƷзֵġ
ԾЦ
ǰãںº֮ϵһս㣬Ѫµ顣
ҲԾɨ˴սƷǸɫʥټ֮࣬඼вȱսбˡ
вһЩƷʥ
֮⣬һЩ鵤ġҩһı廨ţܶѻɽ
һĺƣ
һԾѴЩսƷз֣˭Ѿɿ
ȴ̻žʮ֡սѫˡ
ҵġ
Ѱһ֣ֶ
һԼģһǰģһǴӽ峾ѹεսƷ
Ծܵ㣬ַԭһǸ
ѰЦ
ԭ㽫峾һԾѣɺȻûбҪˡ
ҿķ
ԾһѶһԾ˰ʮսѫˣ㾹ɱôʥˣ
Ѽսѫˣͱɱ콾εĶ֣ɱʥˣÿɱһܻһսѫˡ
˰ʮսѫˣ֪Ѱеʥˡ콾ĿǺε֮Ӵ
Ծ̲סֿ˿峾ķмİһʮսѫˣѰһ㶼
ΨһԾѰοǣķУһƬհס
ˣѰҲһĨŹ֣˵ɱ˲գ۵ħ񣬿ˡ
ѰһӨ׵ĶͷûΪϲɱ˰
ԾЦЦˣɱ˿Ҳϲ
Ѱһ̲ססԷӯӯһյ֫ͷ˹ȥ
ԾܻӭҲעͽͣһ˱һǻȻƵû

ʱţһһȥ
Ԫؾ٣Ѿȥ˶ʮ졣
ŻĽзƽ˾޵ټûӪҲϢƵģݷ
ټľսǳһֹƽ
עһ󣬰л֪жٰӿ
ﰢҲѼ㹻սѫˣֻܽǷսˡ
һ죬ѰƮȻһϿյϣ˼
ÿһӪоſ£ʮһ֮ࡣ
Ҫӵн֮ĻᣬͱѼһǧսѫˡ
ɣѰȴսѫ˵Ѽ֮ѣ
ɱʥ˵Ŀ㣬һҪɱһǧʥεĶ֡
ſ飬Ǿǧʥˡ
ʮһ飬ǰһǧʥˣ
ɷս˵аһǧʥˣӪȫҲԳһ֮
Ҳζţ˵аʮһɾԲÿһܹѼ㹻սѫˣ
հԣһξ֮ղŲ߿Ѽ㹻սѫˡ
ڶξֻ֮顣
Ͼʥ֮Ӵ󣬿ɲöܱŷǿ߻ɱ
д˿֪һսѫǺε֮ѡ
Ѱ縺ŰﰢѼսѫ˵ҪԸԵˡ
취ҲУǾǡؾ
ΨֳַߣͻڷؾʱŲƽУȥսѫˡ
УڷؾУࡰɹ顱ÿһвھʥսޱ֮¡
ֻҪܽɱѼһսѫˡ
ؼǣڴؾУֳַ߱˴ɱӶԷеսѫˣ
Ѱ˽⣬ķؾУɱǼ䳣
Щ϶ѡ֣ڷؾиһ
ԱߵԾѵѵ
ѰΪȻǿ϶ģֻѺǣΪͷв
һתЦҲãûѼ㹻սѫˣһһЦɾǡ
ԾѵһۣûҺܵô
ѰЦŽԾ뻳УĦԷ˿⻬˿һƱǶˣ˵
Ҳ֪Ǿ֮ǹŻѾҰΣһμȻˣ϶ҪȫȥŤת־档
һηؾһõĻᣬɱңҺγ뽫ǲˣ
룬ЩһһڵӪƱؽȺףش
ʱŻӪԳƶ𣬽һһɨƽ
˵⣬Ѱ¶һĨ;Ȼˣ˴ξ֮ؽҹŻʤĻ
ԾѰУѰӣ㽵Ļóˡ
ɣ˭֣
ԣһҿ϶ҪȥޱȣֻҪӮˣսľƣʹ˸д
ѰȻڡ
嫺ϣƼ䣬Զ䣬׳续

֮ϵԪؾڣɬع򲨶Ʈϼꡣ
ѰڱԾѲĿ뿴˹ȥ
һˣԪؾĻԵ֮ҪĻжٹŻ򿡽ӣо۳ʥ


1585 ƣֻȷ
УһӰԪؾڱ£һƬѤá
֤Ϊʥŭң֮˭Ա֮ɧ
һϮۣݿͫӲӣ˵ɧĻϸ˭
ţһѵĴЦ𣺡ѣΪҪһ𣿡
ͼЦ󲽶硣
ߣĶң
ͬʱһƥĳֳУͷϷƮĽħҹ巣Ӱ
䣡
ɺܿ죬һɢŻĹϢĿ֣Ӱ۾İ³һ
һЦѩף̬˭밳һܣ
顫
ɰ³䣬ӰһģʹУϣСӣ͵Ϯ
СӰӳʤѩǰӢƥСϾ᣺㲻Ҫɼֻǳȫɵ
Ҳ
³Уơ
ģ
Сüëһ̬Ѱֱһޡ
˵ʱһֻڝŻϢĺСļϡ
˵³ʱ죬СССһ𡭡ͷ綷
֪ԪؾڣСһһϣֱһɷƵģ޼ɣ֪ǿĶӡ
Ǿܴҿɲ롣
һĨƵĹתУӳֳӰ̬ţʿ
ߣţ羲绪
λˣһдд裿
º͵ĴЦ桢ҶĦڭˣ֮
һʱ䣬ƬϣһӰƾתʥϣһ
ǡȺ貣Ƭ
һĻѰЦкȻ̤ǰλҪд裬ҲһΣ
У
˼ͬ붼;ܾˡ
ʲôЦħдŰʲô
ѰһӻңЩΣֻдѣ˽ţ
ҡͷ
Ψа³ԾԾԣе磬Ҫһ棿
ѰڣССֱӳڰ³ǰ³ֱץյˣˣ
˶Ц
ܿ죬Ԫؾֻ߳ɫٶЩɥ
УӵȼѰõѡ
һۣѰͿǲδ۳ʥҲһ̾
ԪؾдԵҲÿһ˶ȡʵ
ãսУȱ۳ʥĻᣬԪؾûˣԺԵή١
˽⣬Ѱ֪˴νԪؾеĹŻǿߣжʮ˾۳ʥ
ѾǾ˵ĳɾ͡
ϴΡؾУҲֻʮ߸ǿץסᣬ̤ʥ
磬νԪؾҺϸܾ֮۳ʥһʵ㹻ǿҲá
ϸȻǶ֪ǺϵĪ棬ܹԪؾ벻֮ʶԪؾľУûô谭˳֤
ѰһĸпİɣԺһȡĻᡣ
ϸ˵ͷ
ڵ죬һ뿪ºǰ֮ǣ

ľսУѪħӪѲΪ壬ɷͶɣӪҲĴ󣬶ǹŻ޷в
峾޹Ⱥס
֮Уں轻̸´ơ
Ψһֵüɵģֻʣ±ڤĴӪ
ͷЦȾƣɱǿ̫ˡϸһ㣬ӾսڣŲʱѣǹŻӪĴѺǰȫһˡ
ҲЦпǰҿҲܹ˶ʱڣͷ˷츲صı仯
ȷһˡ
ʱ򣬹ŻӪǿֻܶءӴܡ̣㱻衢̤ɱ
ڣӵβưĻ֮ǣվ˽Ųٲػ̻̲
һеĸı䣬Ѱһ˶
ˣվԪؾĻʱ䣬⣬ӽԺǹŻӪƽһʥˣ
͵һ£𣬵ߣȥ¥Ͽһӭǿ
죬֮Уǿͣ飬һȺ˳ͷǰ껡һȺǡ
ÿɫ䣬Դڴ֮ɫ
ǰξ֮ĲҰܺ裬ľսڣǹŻӪĴѾı䣡
ÿ˶Ժ㽣ٲ֮ǰǰ㱯ۺ;
ˣ
أ˼С
ͼԶУ꣬أѤãڳߺХ
Ϊ׵ģȻѰ
һʱ䣬֮еĿⶼ۹ȥÿ˶̲ס
һ죬ѰЯԾѣͶʮλʥԼһڹŻǿߣӺºȫǺ䶯
һҹлЦｻˣҹնȾһ㻶ա
ԴˣѰԾѡ껡ڣŻӪӵʮλʥˣ
ЩˣһǹŻһľǱˣ츳ǰ;
ͰһŻÿһ֮·˼ѡĥ
ĥѣǡһµĴΪ֮ʥʱӵеսҲǿ߿ɱȣ
ŵ˵ŻӲȱţȱģֻǿɹľ۵;ˣ
쿪ʼŻӪǿߣٹڻ֮ǣʼȥѲ߮ƿعŻĽ硣
ΪⱾǵĵ̣
ǰΪСȥһˣȻеǰҲ޾塣
ڹŻʮλʥ˵ϢҲǺܿ챻֪
һʱ䣬֪ж̾Ϣ߿ε
Ӫʶʱѱ䣬ŻӪѺʹǰȫͬһֻ򣬻Ϊһͷޣӵܹǽаĵ̺ͣ
ſ񣬴ս٣ѰһŻ򻹸ſ񣡡
ڤ磬ӿ嫺ɱ
Ѱ˵׼Żпһѩǰܣתذ֣֮ϧսУע·ӡ
磬ˡ¡¡ʮƱ
սѽʣ£ˡˡ
磬ӳૣӿֳ˵ɱ
ź⡢ɱͬʱ硢Ѫħ硢ɷ硢ɣ硢ȵȵط
Щ޲ڵȣȷս֮ʱ
ͬʱѰʼչأоޡ
սעһƵأܹеģ޲ӵзǿ
Ҳעмݵģһľ֮ǾŴ⡢ľʥ֮
ŵ˵˭ܹжɧѹȺף˭Ǿһʥĵһˣ
ʵϣξ֮УսҲƵ塣
ЩԣֹѼսѫǰ򵥡
ζţһ棬ܾھŴУ˭ǿһ
ƣֻȷɣ



1586 
һξ֮ڷսáһˡͷεģǴ޹һС𡱵ˣѱΪ𽣵ۡ
峾ǱѰߵġֵ۽Ǵ֤ɵʱһ彣ľͨͬ
ڶξ֮սһǱڤһС顱ˡ
һպɵۣΪۡ
Ӻޱȣ紫뢰ӣѰ޷սĽ
ںͽ峾ʱ߱ԸֵһҪԭ򣬾šսԸڵʱͺѰƴһһ
ǰսʱȻǲǰַʶֻίλʱڴˣС
չǰѰһھʥټ¡
֣̫ðգ
ʱ˶׷Ȱ衣
ЦѰһȥƴƴĻģ
λһξ֮ǹŻӪĿģΪһѩǰܣΪЩڴͷ­Ѫ͸𡣡
ѰɫȻڷս֮ǴҪģֻҪڣŻӪͲг׸Σա
˽ԳĬɫ𲻶
ʵҲǷսɲǰýģÿҲֻоŸܹС
ȫѰһ𲢼սҲעܡ
ֻǣǻǲģܹӵзģ޲ǿĽɫһѰһܿ
λҿɲһˣһССһȥ
ѰЦſڡ
Сᣬһ̤ʥ棡ս֮ǿԪؾУ˾Ŀá
Сͬܲһ㣬ħᣬӵ˺ĿͨҲͬ۳ʥ
ڣȷܹΪѰṩ
磬ҺͰ³أ
ϸ̲ס
ܲΪѰƫģֻСС죬ȴͰ³£̫ˡ
ѰЦµУˣҿĲǡ
ϸͰ³һ̾Ϣ
˼ˣ֪ѰѾٶȰ
Ѱ򿪿ڣλӵзģңҾܰѼ㹻սѫˡ
껡衢ҶĦڭ桢ˣԸӵһֻǶԼͬؾܾѰĺ⣬ԳҪԼɱУԴѼսѫˡ
ʵҲԸѰΪ˰ѼսѫˣЩƴƴ
ѰҲǿֻʵڹŻģټλеģֻа˿飬һ˭У
˽ҡͷ
Ʒɲ˭ӵеģļֵҲֻھսֳһûõĶ
ȥ󣬹ֻʣѰԾˣСС졢ϸͰ³ʶȤʱ뿪
һƿҾƣһϲ裬Ϲʡ
֪Ȱ㣬㹲һΣ
Ծ
ð
ѰЦ
һơƷ裬ֻ֮;ףֱ
գѰ㿪ʼչء
սٻʣʱ䡣
Ѱô˻ᣬȫĵزһΩΩһİأ쿪ķ
һº
ˣ
һİĹ쳹Ө͸Ķлӳһֱߡ
ǡƻҹĵһƹ⡣
ֻǣһƹٶȼ֮ϸᣬܷ֣һƹӳʱһſŴ䣬һֻԲڱ̺֮𡭡
һִպȻըһлޣһɼտյϢ֮Ӷ
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Ѱű䣬һаһΡ١УһһһԨɱӵǬɽӣ



1587 
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ʮأÿһؽһǧ̫
ʮؽһ̿ѵĻͻͽ糱ϫˡ
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ʮǧȣʮؽֹ̺ĽĿҪΪӴҲȫһ
ʮؽǡʮˣƽҲ֮ӣֲ֮ޱߡ
ңЩѰѨеĽѴâ۳⣡
룬һؽһǧ⣬ʮؽ۵Ľ֮ʢָжǿ
Ψһźǣ̫һ۵УѰ֮ܽȫ͸
ҲζţѰʱֻȡ̫֮⣬Ϊãܽһаȫ
ˣɱʮؽ֮ҲƿףԶʮǧɱȡ

ѰһеĽ󣬾ƵطѰڣѨ֮ڡ
ˣĸʱ䣬ѰȺԪնűűΪһ¯Ϊһ
̫磬Ҳݵʮؽز
ΪҲĸµʱнһȹ̣ۺʵޱȡ
ȥ޻ءִָк̫һԲܹƿأֻܽ⣬Ρ
ʱ䣬ѰʼյĴ塣
ʥΪǸʥĺģʥԽۺƿصսԽǿ
񷡢̫ˮȵȴ壬Ϊʥ󣬾ʹһʥ˶Դƿĳɾͣ
ǿףΪʹǿϡ
һۺһ𣬲Ŵһʥս
Ȼսɱʱľ־ԼеıҲ𵽲ɹá
ΣԶΪʹ

ʱҴңŷսٵԽԽսҲƽѹ֡

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ڴ޹ҲԴڽ峾Ž峾ɱ޺۾ͳ˵֮
콣Ը⣬ҲòȨ޺ͳԦƿش޹Ӫ
λ죬սή٣ʱзߣԻᱻŲƽС
УĿһɨˣкһΣλһ֣ɱѰҲ£
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˽ʹӦ˭սֻҪ֣һغ֮ʤĴؽɴĻ

տȻͷϣѰԾѲ
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ڴʱ֮ϣһɫ֣ʿһĨ⣬ӳ䡣


1588 Ǻ
һƽߣ񷣬ӳսϿա
ѰǿߣԲһĸо类һصϡ
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һ羪װĴȻ쳹ֲھսǿߣҲڴ˿̱
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ͬһʱ䣬ѰԼݷʶеССһ˿ڣ岻ܿư㣬һЮųȥ
ͷϣԾǽȥԶӰૣһҪһŻ
֣أ
֮УŻǿ߽ĬĬ
ͬʱڱڤ磬ˡӳաѪµһھʥˣҲ½ڿնȥ
һ죬ս٣ߣԱŲУǿ߹ע
Ψ껡׼ûǲδŲƴߡ
Ҳһ죬ڰӪУ糱ˮǿ߻һ𣬺ƺƵͬһطХȥ
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ָŻĽ磡
ͬʱŻӪǿߣפسУ껡һھʥ˵ǲ£ɵؽз
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ŵ˵нսĻᣬûоʥ˵Ҳûʲô
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Ѱüͷһ壬˲жϳԼλá
ڷսǺһ֮أйǺѻǱŲ֪ٵķɹ飡
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ˣܸܵ˵Ϣܹ죬뿪Ϊ
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һΣıԣȫɱǷɹǵɷ
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ͬħҲһԽ峾һ顣
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ת˲ѣһǧɸߣ׹Ƕɵġˡؼ䣬ֱԶ㣬ͫȺ
䣡
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ǵƣǱȽ峾ﶼֻǿ
طаˣʲôʲô
ѰһҲһ
ˣӻս
С̲סʡ
ֻһͷһƬǺУǱŶƵĹ
Ѱü
ֻһѣɻ䣬ϣ½к𣬶һһ׹ǶɵġˡڿնһѪ磬춯ء
аţ
ѰСС춼
ûκγɣѰȫŲƶӡ
ֻһ֣壬һȺһȺĶֳֻ֣ѡâ
ҺãЩˡϢֲŲٶȴԵЩɬѰ׾˦
սҲ̫գսѫҲǰѼġ
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СȻ
Сʱ˷𣿡
ѰͷһڣСԴӾ۳ʥƺˣѵһԸ
Ȼ֮䣬һöĵԶؼƵģĿ


1589 ǵ
ȹɭȻİ׹ǺϣȻһƵĵԵúܸ룬ҲԵޱȹ졣
ѰһĬССһʶв
Ѱתǣгʧ
ű峹ڻͨҲǱѰݵһȫµز
ʱ򣬳жظ֪طͬˣ޷ӦѰĴڡ
ѭŵǰӳһξѰʱһ˼Ļ档
һȺӰ׹Ƕгֵķɹ飬ڵǣ£һ𣬳Զȥ
ɷ֮ڣ޲ֲ֮ǵһֶصħõǲԼͬؽٻ
֮
Ѱжһ
֪ÿһɹսȫھʥˣȴ޷ֿǵĿƣ类ѱޡ
ֵѰУȴʲôΪöĿ
˲жϳطӦרԷɹ죡
Ѱһ˼⣬һϢؼǰУҪⴵ֮Ǻηʥ
ʮʮʮ
һ·ϣѰ֣ƵķɹĿҲԽԽࡣ
ﵽʮ֮ʱȻӸ߿õͳ±仯һɡ
ѰͿǾʮŸɹ飬ԿʼɶȺӣɷӿƶȥ
ҲڴʱѰһӰ
һŰ˫ȣƤȹͷϴһڵŮ޳Ұԡ
ֳһ֧׹Ǵĥɵĵӣһ̤ǰУһߴǵѣһçİĹϻɬϢ
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δȰλʥһ𣬾Ϊץɹ顣
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䣡
ǾʮŸɹУȻһҲ֪ܵʲô̼͵طװ
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ţԭסɹʱ궯ָԣ͵سˡ˹ȥ
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ô£

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ಣ
һްĽӰԭڵλӹӰ󷽣ȻСӰ
ֻǣһͫУسһֻڝޱȵĺĳ
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ڿɲĺУ˵ձסȳ䲻Ϯȴ򱻻ˣйǵѶ㱻ɳȥ
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ǵɫԵúܲÿ
ԶѰһĻ۵ףɫһͻȻսȻֱʡ



1590 ȥ
ϿУսҲ
ˡȾλʥ⧲֮£ʱʮŸɹΧ
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ڱܣһܡ
䣡
춯صĺУҽУһʱܣɱУ嶼飬Ѫɡ
Ԫһ˲ѿǶһҪ

Զˡ󾪣һ˵ŭһ˲ͲѰĴڡ
ʱѰԥ鹭һʮѤöĿļ硣
Щûб󣬿ɱɾ֮ȫ
񷸩ͼһƬѤõļӳǵأɢ֮Ǭʧɫ
Щɹ飬Σշ׷ܡ
𣡡
һɲˡŭ͵ؼһڻȾѪչޣڿնչ޿תɬڹ⣬ͨڡ
飡
ЩδͱһһչڣֻȿɲĳչҲҺҡ
ʹչӵˡ͵ؿȳһѪвȻÿµ
ҺãԪѳô
ˡİ١
ڴ˴νսһھǿУս̸ǿ󣬵ȴͨɣܹɽͲٿطɹ飬ƾһ㣬ͱˡޱȿء
ѣֱڿһı۰
ȥֵ飡
ˡȥɱѰзɹ赲Ӷһ˰׹սìһһ˺飬Գµս
ɾڴʱȴ𾪽
֣ˣ
ˡֻԴ˵һȻŤͷͼԪ񣬱ɱ꣬׷ʧ
ڲԶСһһߵ֬ƿӢСϴһĨ⡣
һͨľɱֶΡ
ղţСһϣʩչ˲ɱ츳Ϣƾƿڷӡġȥ޻ءһУһٽԷ
ǡȫ
һ˲ˡŭڣҪ
ѰСǵĵ̫ͻأһֲѣˡĶڵѪܲŭ
Ϊһλڤ˾еľ콾ˡԹô
䣡
Ȼɫ׵磬ִڿգһЩɹ˲ͱɱ
ߣ
ССԥͽܡ
츳죬ɱϾŸվ۳ʥսˡһƵľ֮䣬вٲࡣ
ɱ
ˡ˻ս񱾾ԿͰԵƣʱֱŭһ֣ս
һ˰׹սìֱͱǬ

ײһʥ˶һìȴһӨѩĶеס
ˡָһ飬𵴣֪Ѱˡ
Ҳһŭ侲١
峾ѰɱѪ¡ʯƺΧУˡ
˳ν棬ҲˡʶѰսĿ£
ߣ
ɨһԶѰüⲻʡɵ֮ɫԥתӡ
ЩΪĺۼʶѰǿƵֶΣ붼û뵽͸ˡ뿪
ССҪ׷ͱѰס
˵ռϷ磬һƬãѰȴüͷ뿪
ССӦѰѴŲ뿪ԭء
Ƭ̶ѡ
ƬϿоͳһƿɲӰƵģƮȻ
Ϊ׵һȺȻӳաǬѪµˡ
ȥˡҲС
ŵ˵Ѱ֮ǰ׷ɱȥڴ˵һЩʱ䣬϶ϣ
ʱϿУһЩɹ߮У˴ƣЩɹһҲӶݶȥ
ȻЩǻۣȴܱΣգܵķӦ
Сˣ
ˡɫ࣬ŭѣ޵ҧ顣
֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ѰͻȻֶ֣ޱպͺЩɹ飬
ֳ䲻
ˡԿͳԿڣССһ˲û뵽ʱѰڳС
һղŵսˡʶһʼһսѰĲݺУ
ô˵Ѱ֣
Ѫü
һֻһֻħǺޱȵóľ͵Ϯ;ɱ
ˡСӦǸճʥãԿĻΪ塣
ɴ⣬ѰȻɽ϶Ҳ֪ѻһ𡣡
ڿʼĪҪٷֿжⱻһơ
˽Եͷ
ѰĿ£̵ᣬһ˭ˡ
ߣһץ㹻ķɹ飬Ƚǧ£Ǳӵһɹ˿ص̡
Ѫµϡ
ˡأвʣ̾ϢҲֻˡ
ܿ죬˺Хȥ
ټϿȣٶȿտյΨķںХ
ɽܹ죬ɽʯľһصطУսĻϢٿֲ޷˵ɽеһһľ
ƬϿȣһսδ̮
Щһб
ûãѰӰȻϿȣˡ뿪ķ򣬺䡣
ڷսôͿˣ
ѰתӰޣɽȥ㿴һԷ׼ʲô
ǧкεˡ
ɽܴʮﷶΧУľǹϺİϢ
һ·ϣѰٺĺҩ̸ͱϣһЩ
ЩԱѰߢһա
ͬʱɽҲǱɹ飬̬еľ֣еʯ١ᰡǧٹ֡
һΣѰһΡ۾Ĵɽһ˲Ȼһؼףߴ󣬻ɷķɹ飬ɢϢ֮ǿѰһϢĴ



1591 ҹ
һ·ϵļʶѰһʶսеЩֻʵھʥˣһЩֲڣȾʥ˸£
ͱǺУʬѻġѪɫˡ
һΡɽġؼӰ
һһֲѰȵΣոС
ˣɱеķһӶһʮսѫˡ
С˷ܵϢģսУɱǿߣԶȡԷȫսѫˣ
˵ţһݸѰǻɱǸ󣬴ϻõķǿհ׵ġ
Ѱ£սľֻʮʱ䣬ĿȡڷսĻʱѼ㹻սѫˡ
ˣǡҹ١
һԸСȻؼ
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼԶһƬʯУһͨѩҶӶһѤõİɫ
ϿգȴһҹĻһֺڰɫʣԶԶһһ٣ſһƬҹգ
Ǵ˱
СҲһУȻƣߢҩһգɵֵϰ֮
̷ҩҹգܹ޵ľ֮УŲ˼á
ѰҲ˵˱ֻѲ棬û룬ȴսм
̷ҩҵΪٶȾһ
Ѱ˼ʱѳҹٿȥ
ֻǣҪֲߢʱȴ͵ע⵽ڴٸʯϣӡһϵĵͼһֽƣٸ
ѰһУϸӦжϳһڰǧǰѾ£
ھʷϣս£ͳֹΣһǳ̫ʱڽʱ
ڶϹʱڡ
ξڡ
ǧǰϹʱڵβֻͣǵ
ɰǧǰսûгھ֮УȻ˽ս
һҹ٣ȴڰǧǰʱͱ˲һؽƣ̫˳Ծˣ
ѵܹս
Ѱ
ĵƣ
ܿ죬Ѱ·֣ƽ󣬿ֻһͼɹɴͼĵȴ䲻򵥡
Ѱһ裬һʱ䶼޷аء
ӦһλʦֱʣԱֶƻͻ˲ٵһҹ٣ĻҲˮһա
ѰüԼоⲻǾ֮˵ֶΡ
ǿ߽սΪ˻ȡսѫˣֻʮʱá
֮Ļսһλ֪²Żή٣˭ֻѾ˼µƽȥһҩ
ȫûҪ
ѵǾ֮޵ΪгսֶΣɽΪȻġҩԡ
ѰԺиһ󵨵Ĵ⡣
磬ǧǰҹٱ˷ʱ磬Ǳ½Ʊֻʱý֮˾ͻǰߢ
ˣǷƣ
С̲סʡ
Ѱ˵ͷʼר
һӺһֱ˿ѰһӣһɫӳһµĹ켣һһʯ׭̵Ľϡ
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ͬʱһīڵҹ⣬ҹֱ֮ϣһƬҹĻڿգ
ٿҹ٣ҲúǰһͨƮ꣬ѩı˸һſǳƵĹ㡣
ҹٵĿ
ֻʱ򣬱ǽڱסˡ
Ѱߢ
ֻУأһ˿ɻ󣬴˽󡭡Ǻ˲£
ûжൢ飬ǼСǰС
ɽʵ̫ˣ͵֣ȺɽУ죬ŻⲻĺϢ
һ·ϣѰҲĴ̽ܣͼѰһЩҹٵĺ屦һ丽Ƿеƽڡ
ϧǣһ·ûһЩϡҩĵǱߢ˲١
һЩҩʥۺ졣
ۼҪѷɫҹһء
Ҳԣ˵ҩ޲һһĵرԲܼ
գѰҲȻˡ
ʱ
Ѱһվǧɽۣ֮ɽ綼ɢ
˼
ܿտҲѰȴƲʲô΢
ھĵطˡȰǿһ֣ڶԸһȺɹ顣
ɾڴʱӳһǰֳһ׭Żͼͭ
Уֳһ޳ӰɽۣǣӰ֡
֪ؽв̽
ӳմǷһĨͻȣЦλӴ˿̿ʼ޷Ӻɽѣ
˽Ի۹ͭһεӰʱѪ¡ˡ˶¶Թ֮ɫ
Ѱ
ϲ
֣ʱ
ˡ̲סʡ
żѾ֣ץ㹻ķɹ飬֮ʱ
ӳɫ価֮ɫ
һõĵƽһߴУ˵һĵʦǵʦУҲѷɣ
֣ҲѰͬó󣬿ǧĪҪˡ
Ѫѵ
Ѱһֱһ˵ļɵ
ӳյΪҽƽͷŴжԴŻѾѪڴ˲õƽ󣬲ѪѵҲԣԸӣôСĶΪ
˵ʱͭ
ûע⵽ӳͭһ˲һֱֱǵѰȻת䣬ɫζ
˵һǿĴһӳǴҪõƽԿ𣿡
һվɽۣ֮ѰЦЦü¶һĨ
һĶϣɴû¹
ʱ˿̣Ϊѡڴͣ
ܼ򵥣ΪڵƽϢ
ӳΪԼЩһͷײеһǿɾʹشˡ
ѰҲòϣӳյֶκ˲õĵƽȫһɽС
һſյɽ壬ǷϵԼÿһеһһľ޲С
˵ѰˣǵʦǰҲԺѲʲô쳣
ҲѰһһ֣ͬѰСϲ֮С
ӳҲ֪Ƿ˵׼һΣһнܵĻᣬҪúÿһ
ѰǸһֱױԪףĿҲ
ףһӣɼǸ׼۰βٿء
ϸԣּ᪲ѪĻʹ
ˣǸô
С̲סʣѴ꽻е֪ǽӳõһƽڡ
Ѱ룬³˸֣ƾͼƣ͵컻ա


1592 
ʱѰ㼣鲼ɽӣͣͣѰʲô
һ·ϣҲǲߢٵĺҩ
żҲɹ飬ѰֻԶԶܿδ֣һСĽӡ
ڰУֳͭӳһֱעѰĶɽ֮䴩󣬿ߢҩ
һﵹǺСģĴݾߣһ·Ͼɹ鶼ǿûг֡
ϧֱֻ¶ûʶѲõľУѰȥҲܷҵټ
ӳƿڡ
ѰΪɵĻᱻѰʶԼƽ
۲죬
СһЩһȻ׿ޱȣ޴֮ʱȻˡ
Ѫѵ
ʱЩʥ˻һͬͬδٷʲô⡣
ңܻķɹĿֻһС֣㹻֧ӳתǧ󡱡
ӣҲǲѷɣ
ӳճⷢʲô⣬ֻҪܹɹѼȫʱ򣬲Ϳ
Ǿͼж
Ȼ
һΣǿνǿĹ裬׼㣬ֱڣȫƿ֮С
˽Ϊ⡣
ߣ
һ뵽ѰɱˡЩ಻סĵɱˡ
ֹʯƺЩѰ֮ǵľ޲ͲѰһйͷ֮ޡ
ҵȰһȺֻΪԸѰһˡٲҵȰ滹飿һ֮ҪŻ𣿡
жУǬ̲סп
Ѱ
һͱǺӵһСɫȴһƥ㣬սǿ
ֱٲȻͬһ۰㣬Ϊǰ޵ҧͷŴУ
ǰֱǲ顣
ŻӪɱذܣ
Ѫնɺķ⣬λˣǹŻӪڵĻ֮ǡҲѱǰΧ
һ仰ӽ
սľֻʮʱ䣬Ѿȥ죬ŻĻ֮ټ̣ܵסĹ

¡¡
֮⣬ĺɱɱ̳ڵ˷񷡣
ڰĴһλͨһϹƿ֮£϶Ի֮Ƿ
ͼ糱ˮĵӰ㣬ϳ£ƺ嫣ʢͻͣضɫ䡣
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ַ󣬺ͣЪعǣֶκܼ򵥣Ҳֱܴ
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֮ǾϵһϾܾκ˵ϮĴҡҡ׹
ľ֮ѱת£֮ǻӲӵĹԣŵסһһֵĳ
ֻǣ껡衢ԾЩפڻ֮еľʥˣɫޱȡ
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ֱڣԷ
ۻ֮ǣ޵ѹ֣㷲Щ켸Ƕ꣡
˴ȫƺƴǿƣһ˷֮أ鶼ǵ˵Ӱ
ѹǵһĻ˴ѹ
д֮µֻ֧죬һֱ˱ֻ¼ֲսĻǳؾͻᱻݡ
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ⲻʲôؼǣǹŻӪʿɳеķΧ̫ѹ֣˶Ѿʧ룬־ҡ
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־ı䣡Ҫó˶ϣᶨģ
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³Ħȭơ
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˶һϸֱ̫ðգһŲͻ⣬ȫͺڵûʲô
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λ󣬴սҲС򲻿ɴ⡣
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˶ԴѼֲ֣ҲȥѪµСһ뵽վɱѰأԶһֿܰڴС
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ӳյȻһЦһ֣һ˵ƷܵɫС죬һҡ
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һҺǵأûһƬգǡһ޷ԽӣһεѰǰ·
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֮£һθı䷽ֻɫ
ˡ˽һĻĻУ¶Ц⡣
ˣ



1593 о
𣡡
𣡡
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ӳҡɫС죬ããɽӼ䣬ѰӰֵķϣԻӿֳѱµĽ
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Ҳ׷׵ͷʶӳĴǶеޱȡ
ѰͷӬƵ޷Ƕһ˵泩֮С
СҲнգ
ŵ˵֮ǰĺܳһʱڳӪ޲ѰгԹ
صĵѪħʹ޹ӪǰɵĴ̫࣬Ԫˣ˥
ʧ˽峾һλܵĴҪ
֮⣬ҲٵܹѰĴĸ𣬱º֮սĲشܡ
ʶ˿̿Ѱһܲˣ
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ǧ̥ߴСаʮ󡯣ܹɽӣ֮ϣһѭԲӶܹһ޷죬޿Ӷݵɱ֮֡
ӳԴǼ䣬š
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ǣɽеһһľһɽһʯ޲صع޷ƻҲʱȻĵƣõǧתʱѰս죬Ҳ޷ƾ
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ɫЦҲ̣þɲĿⶼǲԼͬؿӳա
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죬ʶʲôɫһ䣺СӺֶΣԶʮĿŶʥ鲼󣬶ٽáǧ󡯵зһһǧɹʵϣںǧ
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ߣ
һ̣һ˾չжǵããɽ֮С
һ˲ϥһʯϵѰٿȻ۾һĨĹͫ
˿һϮ°ɫƮҷϢ飬ɰ㡣
Ȼڴ⣬ǧɹڲϺҲ޷üͷһ¡
Ϊһб֮У
仰˵ǰ̤һɽʱѰѾ͵컻գƾͼơ
ʱһ·̽Ѱһ·ɽ֮䱼ʵ򣬽ݺǧ󡱵İء
ֱգӳյΪǲҪѡӶݡ
ʵѰֻǼϷӶݵͬʱϢ֮䣬ıһɽеһϵнƲ
Ȼ˿̵ǧǧܹӳղٿء
ֻѰҪʱͻģӳյƿء
ν͵컻գˣ


1594 ͷ
֮ǰԼǧ󡱵зҲѰΪ֮
ӳտĹ貼´󣬱ȻǶһžԵš
ųһһϺԼһϸߵ͵Ĵ㡣
ԣѰֱ׳һ⣬һն㣬Էջ⡰ǧ󡱾ͻᱻЩɹƿ
ʱԼܹ
ӳձȻܿһ㣬ԼһǻѪ㸶
϶ᣡ
ֻҪ֣⣬͵ڡ͡ˡ
ʱ
ҲѰԱ֮֮֮ʱ
ȻѰϣӳˣŰһھʥڽһɽӡ
ǰ̬ٲȻͬ˷صˣѲ߮ԼأԵ޿֡
ѰвЦɫȴ˿
ڵȡ
֣ҾûСһЩΪףСһϵ述ƿ£Һܻɣһﻹк֡
ѪܸоЩ̤ʵ
˶һѪ´Ӻ֮ǰѰˮް㣬Сĵ˷ָĵز
òжЩʹ졣
һˣһһ֮콾ս׿츳ޡ
ˡˣһ֮䣬ӵи˫֮һͬ
Ƕһ𣬿Ⱥ貣Ժɨս
ڣѪС΢Ȼ˷С
Ѫ֣ǧĳһǧɹ飬Ҳҵһһܣŵ˵һɽУǾװĴڣ
ӳյȻѰк֣ҲעͽͣѱԮ
Ѫ²õ֣Ϊ̫С𣿡
ӳҡͷСĵģԵСģڣʤȯգηηţ
Ѫ˵ʲôӳѼһɫС졣
ʱѰ֮أǧɹڷ񹥻Ѱġƽ󡱡

ӳջӶɫС죬˼һĻˡ
ǧɹʱֹͣ糱ˮֿһ·һǣɷ֮ɿޱȣȴԵޱѱ
ˣ̲סһ̾ǵʦֶΣɶ컯йĪ֮
ӳսɫ۵ף΢΢һЦλҿĳ˴̣
˵ţǰ
Ҳ󣬼ЩķɹǰʱҲʶ
ǧɹڲ࣬κ˶е
Ψӳպ򶨣Ѱ֮أһңңλڴеѰǲһζĻȡ
ѰΪʦҲˣ˴;ĩ·ѷɡ
ûż󣬶ƿڣǰҵǿԺһס
˵
УѰϥʯϣ˿̬ʡ
Ƕüоܴۣǽ֮һﾹҰڳ̬ǿ֮
˵ѰǸſ֮ҲоѰһֲ̿ģǲɡ
ϵƴнĳ֤ԸһϵһὫĹǻŻӪΣ
ӳտڵԴ֮䣬ǽѰ˶Դ
ףԭӳǵѰϵƴˣ
һϵ
Ѱظһ飬Ц仰Ҳ͸ȣڽϱԹԹͬὫȹǻͻضӪΣ
ƲԳԷƣ
ˡߡ
֣һͽϻɱȡҪʲôֵ
Ҳü
ҲЩͷ
ѰһԾڤ粻֮ƾöԷͷԣԲܡ
ӳɫһҲڿЦ
ڿЦ
Ѱ˵ʱʯϳƮȻأĺһɨӳյˣ
˵ͷ̲֪
һ仰˶㲻Լ䣬һѵ˲ɣʲôʱˣ˵˻Ļ
ǧУȺۻۣǧɹԴȴѰ˵ͷ˭ܲûĵͿЦ
Ĳ֪
ѰЦֻЦȴ䡣
ѿ㳲û©ʲôˣѾ㹻ˣ
֣ҲˣɥĲҩɾȣǸϽ󣬽Ϊס
ɱƣѿҪ಻סˡ
ӳյ˵ͷ
ת֮ͫһϲӲӵٿȻ両ֳĹ⣬ֺڰ׶ɫܻµķţɨƽ󡱡
ţ
ܿ죬ӳվͲԣǧƽ֮䣬γһϣȻһ㡣
˵ĸоǣȥƽ⡰ƽ󡱣͵ǧ
㾿ʲôֽţ
ӳɫ͵һֱѰɫƣüһ˿ɡ
Ϊƾġ֮ͫ޷һһžŵӳնԣһСĴ
˶һӳվ޷ƿ
ˣζţӼ㱻ڴˣҲڲ֮ˣ
뵽⣬ʶѪ˵ĲѰӣȻѲޱȣ
֣ĲУ
ü
ӳɿܻԼһϵ費Ѱ
һ仰ʹ̼ͷŭӿλģαɣ
һ֮ͫתزſɲʥϹڡ
ʱƣֻӳɫһͷ͹ԣԺܳӡ
һô㣿
УѰڽ
죡
ӳձȣѾȷ֮ͫûˣһִܸС
ѰȻܻˡ
ɫӲɱƣǰɱ֮ǵҲȱʧ
Ϊĳκβ㣿
أӳһϣɫ

ûԥӶɫС죬ȵɱǧСɿǧɹĶ֣ҵڣʲô·ѡ
Ŀ
Ƕˣӳǵȷû취ǰǲȡΪҴֱİ취
Ǿ÷ɹһǻٵǧ󣬵ʱѰҲ޿ɷ
¡
һʱ䣬ǧɹٶȳƺƴ
ӳյ˽ûԥҪʱ˿˵أⱻ
ɾڴʱ
еѰҲ̽һץһȭͷСӫӲӵĶʥ͸ġ
ΣҪлĳ˽һ򾡵Ļᣬᣬһһʹ죬Աĳл⡣
赭дЦУѰתжʥ飬ʱ䣬֮串ǵĴȻһ䡣
һʱ䣬ӳվͲԼȫʧȥ˶ǧƿء
Ȼɫ䣬֮£ʧг
ܣ


1595 Ӳ
ӳǳŭĴȣԭ㳷˵͵һ
ԣ
ܹսģһһķǻۡԶˡ
һ˲һֱܣȫתԴ
һʱ䣬Ѥ糱ĵԣǸɢ춯أ졣
ǵȷӦѰòϣЩ԰ľȷǿ
ϧվˡ
µľƣѲǷӦܸı䡣
¡
Զԭӳղٿأһɱһڷɹ飬һ̺ȻıĿ꣬һӳյˡ
⡭

ӳգô£
ŭĴһɫ䣬ԴǶû뵽ᷢ˲˼顣
֪֮޿ֵĵ⡰ǧӳֲá
ڣһƺƿˣ
УѱƺƵ糱ˮķɹûЩȺӣɷ֮һκξʥˡ
˿̲ӳյƿأֱ̺ˮ㣬һʱͽǵӰΧ
䣡
սرҡػΣ޹⡣
ˡѪµǸһĸ򶥼һȫκα
ֻǣͻȻķһɫޱȣò
ӣǸѰڵģڣǷˣֱԸʯͷԼĽûʲô
λĪţһ֣ɱΧ
ӳյɫΪѿ֣֮ܵĴ󣬸оһƺݺϣȻָЦ㲼õĴ
Ȼ˵Ĳֹ档
޷ܵǣһ̿ʼƾβȣ޷ƿǧƿȨ
λ֣߳ȥɾûôˡ
УѰȻģһŶʥתܻɬĵԡ
һǧȫת
ͼԴ˵Ϊĵ˷ΡͨĴɽεضкƺƵϯ£л緢۽
һʱ䣬ϵ£˷֮أһƬȫ
һĻ۾ֱˣһ׻ģ
̫ϤһĻˣ
ʱΪסҪ˵ѰӳվֶΣж½ء
ʱѰֻӬҷƵӴʱǶЦʹ죬ӳյĲֶ̾мӡ
ڣһоϣ
ζƻˣȻԼĲõ֮У̫ˡ
ӳգ⾿ô£
ɫޱȣĿѡ
˿̣ǱǧɹΧУɱΧ˷һɽһӺᵲǣǵض
˭ִУС޿ӣ޿ɱܡĸо
ӳɫͬޱѿݶҧ顣
ӳգ赹˵
ˡȣѲŭѵ
Ҳһɫڡ
ӳһλѱȫƿء
˵ֻƤ˰ܣȽޱȵ˳һ㣬ֱһֳޱȵĴ

ԣöѪ
һֱӳղ֣ȫֽǧɹ飬Ϊƾ˴ɱѰڵָ֮䡣
ɵͷӳվȻǣõĴ󣬾ȻѰƿˣ
ζţһе඼˼£
Ҫǣ£Ҳᱻ˷ѾĻؽв֡
ǱУ
֣Ƿ¶ضԴƿأ
Ѫ侲̹Ѱ㲻˼ֶΣʱ̣ôҡ
ˡ
ӳճһ̾ɫƵÿҪ
Լһϣ֪һٴݿ壬ǵȸоȷ̫ܡ
УѰЦſڣͽɻ
ʱ˵Ƕĳ嶯ˡ
գҲʱţͬЭƿǰ֡
λһȫ֣
һƾҵֶΣЩɹҲ£ˣЩϽµģ
ԣһ֣ƾҵ֮ɱЩ󣿡
ǬҲҧڡ
ɱ
ҲĿǰΨһİ취ˣһݣȫɱ
һʱ䣬񣬴ݿ࣬ɱ÷ɹȺȺظǿƥ
ǰ򶥼ǼһʮˣÿһƵľ֮ӵеսȻͬѰ
ֻǣɹʵ̫ˣǧ֮ڻһÿһսֶǿ֮
ǿһʱҲ޷ɱΧ
֮ǰ˵ıǣܹ֮ϣһѭԲӶһ޷죬޿Ӷݵɱ֮֡
ѰֿˣЦеġ
ҿ˻ȷ٣Ҷòһһϵ裬˲ʵ˲𣬿Ǿ֮׳١
УŲε̾
һһ䣬ȴкݺݲӳͷ۾죬ŭҪ
Ҫſ񣡡
ӳմȣס
֣侲ţ˴ӵĵ
Ѫѡ
ִʵ֣ǧ֮⣬ǷɱУ
һ仰ӳ͵ѹɫ粻
ֱ仯һΪλԲΪġǰģֱ仯
أ
Ѫ̲ס
ǡ
ӳո˵⣬ͼԶѰǵĽ̸Ц˵
ֽСǬͬ
һ仰ӳɫױˣҲ׷ʶѰֹǶȡǧƿңѶ쵽һаأ
Ѫ¼ˣƤݺһ¶϶Ѱ˵Ӧò٣̲סˡ
ӳջһ׿ķɾڲ֪䣬ͱһһѣ޴
һʲôǬͬ
䡣
䣡
ؼ䣬͵رӿܵĵͼһɽ޲ӿֳһ֡ơһȫѹ
˵ĸоؼһȫһѹ¡
֮ԿΪУ
һ˲ڼɱѹһɫˡ

ӳգΪҵȲ֪ȱ仯
ֱʱƵ֮£סˡ
ԭǴ㵱ɱﵣʱóλܹһܣ˭롭
ӳմпɬ˶ˡ
˭룬ɱﵷͷˣ
ԶѰǳŪٴ
ϧ֮ǰҿѹǣͷֲ֪ûһŵģԼܹ˭
һ仰ǰ̶ˣζը



1596 ɽ续ѪΪī
УѰЩܻӣ¶һĨڽ֮ɫ
츳پޣǿٿɲΣ
ʱҲ⾪ʧ룡

УĲҽ
֮ѹ֮£һ¶ڵ걻һͷɹ͵Ϯ嶼˲˺ѿѪɡ
廹ûأͱһȺɹ̤ΪѪ࣬״ޱȡ
ɫ䣬ɫأ޲ʼƴ
䣡
һʱ䣬еӿգʥ糱ѤóʢĹ⣬˷֮أնݡ
ֻǴʱѺ͸ղŲͬǧȫתΪԲġǬֽͬȫŷ
ǵѰеԾ
һ룬ʱԼûвΣգڱѵľԼ
ԿΪɱԼǻ˼ϧǣջǹһ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
Уѹһ㣬ݺأս֮ǿƾףԶȺס
Ѱ⣬սһȺڸһĺݽɫʱҲûаȡʤ
Ҫâ
ϾԷֹӴÿһսھʥУһһĶһεȿ£
ھʥг޵УѰҲֻѡ˱ܣս
ϧǣڵˣԸԼɱ֮У᧿Σ
Ѱûԥƿضʥ飬ô֮չɱ¾
ˣ
Уһۣ֮뷱ܵĵͼУΪһѩĿ콣
˽ش֮־֮ɽ֮ƣ֮ʢף
㣡
һȳ
䣡
ĺ콣һն续ѿһֱѷ죬ǵȻϢЩﶼΪ֮ɫ䡣
˵ѽѣһն£ûܱܿ
ǲ룬ǲܣ
ۣ
콣貴ĿĽһŮλʥ˱նɱҫƥĽлɢ
˲
ҲǴ˿̣ǲʶӳõĴ֮ǺεȿֲֻԭΪѰ׼
ڣȴϡ
ӳǿɬͷŭΨת£Ǵʥڣһ
ԭ⣬ݴѰڴеģϧһжˡ
ˡ
У֮ٶȻۣ˷𣬾Ϊ콣նɸ߿գٳ
飡
ˡȣһϼתƣһ͵ʥܿɲ
ɽ˲䣬ͱǺն콣ϣϼֱӾͱϵ
ˡ֮࣬ҲȻ˵ȴֱ̫֮¡
콣£սУٶ˱ɱʥΣ˿Ҳݽ㱻ո
ѪȵһĻĻɫء
˿̣ǱУΣѹȡ
һЩɹΧ䲻壬ζԷĿίʵӴ
ڶѹȣȴתʱǬɽӵ۶Ծ
ǱѰݣ֮ƣ֮ɱ콣ն䣬񷣴Ӷ
Σһӣ˶صвһѹ֡
ն
ƽеѰûκĴ㣬չɱ
һηս֮ûԷȫɱϾֻʮʱ䣬Է˶ڣҲԴС
˭룬ӳһȴԼһϲѰץסᣬӵ˽Էһ򾡵Ŀܣ
£Ѱ飿
ͼϣ콣ͻͣףﲻն
һʱ䣬жңû˸ȥӲҲâ
ֻǣܵͬʱǻŷɹΧشƵѹȣһͻᱻ콣ɱ
ʵϣڳݣ
ʱӳڴ޵Уӵװһ˿̵Ѱͬ޵Уת䣬ɱ١
飡
һһʥشײɵˣ죬һֵѹ
ۣ
ͬʱвҽѪˮŨɺ죬Ⱦڤ
ʮ䡣
½о˱
ǰһ֮ӣۣЦȺףżҫ۵Ĺǰ̡
ǺԱȫһӢһУһҲվ괵ȥ
Ӫǿ߿Ϊ֮͵
Ǵذ磬ҲĹϵͳ޵Ϊ֮
֪ÿһƾĽӣ˸šܣһʱ˶
ÿһһޱȵĴ
룬ЩȥʵǴ֮ĺӣɱ֮Ժɵ·ϣӪע٣
Ѱ˿̾ɱ콾Ĺ֡
˴ܽԷһ򾡣Ӯô˴ξ֮ʤΪŻһʱʱ
νǧﲻҵɱУˡ
ӳգѵƽ֮
Уŭ˻
۾ˣŭ
̶Ƭ̣߾Ѿжʮ˱ɱǵʧĶڵѪ
ټһᣬȫתʱһӣͻľɽӵʱ󲻹ƣ
ӳճڡ
һӣ
ѰʱҲָһ˲ɱУȴ꣬Եޱͼ尾
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룬潻УǵѹԷ
ϧǣʱǽԶѰΪɵѪµ£õҲСޱȡ
Ϊôɱв׵İ취
룬ȴƫƫԸ飡
룬ʱĴУɱ¾ݡ
ѰԣһɱУԶûǰѣޱȣ̸Ц֮䣬һһҫ
ʹսֻǿӳͳһݡ񡱣Ҳʵ֡
ۣ
Уӣһһͬ飬Ƥȥ
ĲҽУǲʵģѪܵһĻĻĶ鴤ɫ࣬ŭڣ޵ݿҪҧ顣
Ѱɸҳһս
͵أˡִ̼ܲˣףһ˻
һй
û˻ΪռƵ£ѰɵˡԾ
ɳϣһ̣ѰӦˣ
ৣ
ûκηϻӰһӳƽһŲƾˡǰ
ٶȿò˼飡
ǷƵˡһ⧲֮Уû뵽Ѱʹ졣
䣡
Ϊһ֮ˡӦҲǼ죬ԥӶһ˰׹սìŭ̶
ն˲飬һìɲĵֱⷨ󣬱ŷ
Ƿŭһޱֲ
ѳɱѰֻǾȭͷһӶֱӣȴİԾ֮ƣ


1597 ֮ʱ

ĺɽĿɲȭŷˡھ𣬰׹սìһ˲ֶɡ
ӿȭɱ
ÿֲ
ˡɫ䣬֮ϣ͵ظֳʢƥɫ׵磬һص׵ͼڣѰһȭǰ
䣡
ȭ׵ͼײһ˲ˡ˱ɳȥڱѪǰֱðǡ
Ȼ
Ѱѳٶɱ糱Ľһһ̫ĺչ
ͻͣǵأǬ
ʮؽ
ˡðһ˲һϢС֮ȫ׵
룬ƴУתǿֶΣһ˲䣬һӡŷѪɫƤֶ
ɣ
Ƥϵһλ֤ʧܺɣСղ׭صͼڵơ
䱾һ˼챦ʥǿӵһƵ۵Ϣֲס
ƴ˵ȱϵ壬ƾ屦ֹޣһһ
ˡ˾һϵĵλݣҲϲӵȱ
䣡
ɷ⣬ɲͼڣԼ侹е۵֮쳹졣
һؽʱޱȵײ
סˣ
ˡһ˲֮У긦
ֻǣɿǵӶĽһؾκ˺Ҳһضѻڽ
󣬵ɿʼҲͼڵƱƥĽһ顢
ǰ󲻹䣬һԾײУ˺ѿһĿĵѷ졣
¡
һ̣ˡֻǰʹ嶼ޱ߼ʵĺ嫽ûѪ٣
ʲôУΪξ˿ֲ
Уˡ˻˳ֳһ־ֲʵϢ
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񷸩ǬգҲˡĨ䣡
˵ʵѰͻأشƽɱȭ׹սìɱɣֱˡѣڵʯ֮ɡ
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ʶʱֻһĻ䷢
ǿ
˵һйۣѰǰԵƵ̬ǶëȻܳ
ǽɫ䡣
ˡ
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ڣȴڴˣ
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ˣ
̫ģ
ͬʱҲǼ̽峾֮󣬵ڶλѰеڤ˾ֻʣ¡
ѰԣɱˡڱУ
ǧǿֱ֮նɱĵУһ
ӳԣȫת֮£ֻܼһʱ䡣
ʱҲѹȥ룬ʣµʱڣƾ֮ҲܶЩʵʵĴ
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ŵ˵һһӲѰҲоĽˡɱ
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ʱѰͬûбһȭǺһȭһʮؽǱں֮
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˵йԱס˲Ѱһë
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ζ̼Ƕ
Ѱɸҳһս
ǬˣЧˡƣĿĺܼ򵥣ֻǽѰճ
Ѱ붼û룬ֱӾܾʲôȴľʱ㻹ûұȥͶ̥
Ǭˣƿڴѡ
Ѱš
¡¡
תƷ֮Ϊ콣ڴݺ˸ն̡
һȺһȺɹ麷ηس棬˵ĴԵޱȱ
ңݣ
ֱڣЩӪһȺʥˣʮ˷ʣµļڣֻжʮˡ
֮һ󣬾룡
ټһ£Ѽ
ӳմȣˡ

ƽУѰó鹭ңһ
׼ֽ㱻˺ѡ
УʯƺһȺɹΧһ˲һΣϮûκԥѡܡ
ɾͬʱϣһ콣ŭն£·
ã
ʯƺûɳӶŤ߾ȫеֵ
䣡
գ콣ŭնɹлֱ޵һ١
ʯƺսپһ˲壬˺ݺҷɳȥ˴
ʱȣͱһȺɹ˺
ûܻɱʯƺѰ⣬ɫƽԥ鹭չɱ

װܼХ쳹ؽԲһӳʮ֮䡣
ԭ˵Ĵܱգ⵽Ѱǿļʸǣʱ䣬˼
˱壬Ѫ
˱ܿȴͻأ콣նɱɵ
еģ򱻷ɹӵϣŭ˻Уɱ
̶ʮ䣬ֻʣѪ¡Ǭӳաʯƺˣ޲
ǣҲٶиˣȾѪͷɢģΪǱ
صĵʯƺһغˣ㲻̷ʥҩһʱҲѳ׻ָ
ʱѰ˳Ⱦֻ˲٣̷һҩԴ˲
Աȣ֣
˳𲻹죬ѰƲ
ŭȡ
ҲڴʱѰ鹭䣬Ŀһɨˣ
ûд˴ʱ޹ؽҪĵģǲսףĶӡ
һ仰ŭɶ
ֻǣ͵׼ʱֻ֮䣬Ȼһ䣬ԭɲѹ˲ͱ
ɽУڵ󷨽Ҳ糱ˮ㸲һա
ˣ
Щԭܿڴķɹ飬ֻʣϡϡϰٸʱԻָ˱ܣ˵ĿֲƣٺηؽѡӶݡ
һʱ䣬һֱѹһûˣ˾һ죬ɽֵĸо
ǿѰĿ⣬Ҳһ˲ñ䡢ޱȣ


1598 ɱ˸ҳ
ɱ
ǵһʱ䣬˾Ͷˣޱȵķŭͺ⣬Ǹ޷ơ
䣡
Ӱһչ䱳ֳһͷ޴ʥ࣬ҡڤѹ񷡣
֮ǣƿɱÿһȭӳǣƣ˷ɽӽԲ
ҡ
˵ߴУ£Ǻӣ̤׳ҡ֮ϡ

ӳ磬˫һ֮Уɫױ纣٣Ϣǵء
ͣ
ǬУٿȻһɫ磬ϸȥǺȻһķɽƮ꣬ء
ͬʱѪҲ̳֣ʩչ뷨
һ˲ֱλװֲϢǷԲǧɣɽӽʧɫ
Ψʯƺ̫أԶԶܿץʱָơ
ã
Ѱڷбʢâ
һ˲սȻεһ¯ȼգһּ̡֮
һ޷ݵĿֲƣҲ֮ɢԨħڴ˿̾ѡ
¡
ΪģݣƳܲס
գĳɱս˸ҳ𣡡
ȻУѰ̤նȥܣǰУһڴԨû
飡
һȭȳײһͷڤ֮Ԩһ˲ײһ𣬵ϼ졣
һΣĶˣɫһ䡣
¡
Ѱ͵һչ۰˦һȭݿ㣬ɫױ
ӳһɫױһߴСپһʩչױŭл֮˸񣬺ųĴ֮һ
ڣȴѰһ
һвûнӰԡŰâеѰһָ赭д
ͻأأһܵķɽӳֱѰʺ
Ѱһָ£¹ǰȴһ硣
ģ
Ѱָһ䣬ֻɲǴ¡һǾ˸ķɽݺݻɡ
ͷɽǬһΣѪܵòѪ
䣡
ʱѰбʮؽɨһƬ󣬳Ѫºͻϯȥ
ɲǼ䣬걬дѪ¶˵ĹƱ壬类κĴסĸƼ嶼ķɳȥ
һɲǣѰȺʩչһȭָʮؽƿһΧλл
ǵ̬Ծȫ
ܣ
֮ºһսΪͻˣ
ѿʼʥ
ɶ񣡡
ɫأٷߺޣѰչֲֳ֮ȴǶΪ֮
̫ǿˣ
Ǳ˴˶ӣԼͬأٶȫ
һΣǽԼѹֶΣӶɱʥ
¡
һʱ䣬ⷽɽ֮УԺըף쳹ʮأƺƵĳʢϯûء
λлѰһˣһǾʥеİսֲ֪֮
ֻǣѰչֳͬףȻһˣȴӳգͻ
ǵӰսϣççɽ֮Ųƣ֮Ʋը飬̮ɲĵϯǬ֮䡣
һЩȾʥ˵ķɹ飬Ӷݣͱսನ촷ۣĨ
һսǴ˴ξ֮Ϊһ۷֮˸񣬾¡
ǸڹŻ򣬻УȻҲ𵴣Ŀ
֪ʥ޵߶ԣĴڣɽӣһ
ʥˣʥõͷȥصĴڡ
Ծʥ˶ԣѰӳաѪЩڴ˾۷֮ϵİףǶȥغ
ʱһսʥУ۰棬ǵӰ죬ȻͬѰ
ĶԾ֪ܹһΣ
һֱǸԺǿչ·Щ̥ˡ
һֱԶԶܿս֣ץʱ޸ƵʯƺѰһӰʱһ󵨺ľ
˵ǿչ·ϣųʥ޵еľһֲ޷óǿ֮£֮ϡǿʥ
ǰʯƺţɵ˿̵ѰʱԼоŻм١
Ĵ޷ó
ѰƶĹŻ߳ʱʽ֪
ɶ̶̲ʱ䣬ƥ֮ɱðӪ֪پʥޣǵ޵аķɣ˭ܲ
Ժ󣬳ҪΪͬĸ󻼣
ʯƺ룬Ѱȵ̺츳֮·ʱָƿغεȿµ
ʱ֮У˭ɿУ
ţ
أʯƺɫ΢䣬Ӱһ
ৣ
ԭλãֳһĨްĽââɢʱ¶СӰ¹ʤѩտᡣ
ϣħĶϢˡ
˴˾ʶͱܣڤ˾֮һ
С
ƽȮ۰
ʯƺһ̾еһַŭ裬۷״̬ƣһԷˡ
ϧעӲˣ
˵ʱСٶȳӰΡ
䣡
ʯƺٹ˲ˣɱ
ͷ綷ǣСħϣֱӰȥٵĴ̿ͣʤޱߡ
Ƭ̣ʯƺ͸ˣ
̫أĶһᣬһħᣬһһͷ츳۳ʥѲһʥ˿ɱȡ
ȫʢʱڣʯƺֶѹƶԷڡ
᧿Σ
Զǳ޷ѹסѰķâԲܳȡ
ʯƺһĺͱѵҪֻСУ
ͬʱҲԽսԽľ
ѰԽԽǿʢˣõǵѹҲԽԽһȫϣѱơ
ն
أѰһȣٿȻӶһĨ˺ż⣬
ۣ
һѪܵͷ­׿ն𣬶ɣﻯһ˲նϲ
ͷ廹δ£ͱɲս飬Ѫ걬䡣
ŭĿԲȻƲš
ѪȵһĻһشݺͷǳ׵
ְ
κβôⲣ
һ̣Ƕ־ҡ
ܹΪһģ޲־ͣľ֮ߴˡ
¾֮ǰǧ󣬶ûǶ־
ڣӲУֵ£Ѱûɱһˣִ̫ˡ
ǻŭͺ⣬ڴ˿ҲǱһɾ㤺ȡ
ѵ
ڴ˾޵֮ƣ
䣡
ûãһ춯ذĺ쳹޾ӴƿбӶɽֱָǬȥ
ɽӣ


1599 ٳ
ʮؽǬѼʶ
֮ǰˡȿɲһ
ʶ˿̿Ѱʩչ˽ʱǬ붼û룬˫ֲ£µ
򣡡
¡һһڻڵĳɫ󶦸նҪǬٻǺӣɢʥ򲨶ضĿĻ⸲ǡ
춦
˱ߴʥ֮һƾޱȣ˵ڷӡһ̫ʱ𾫣һλʹһ֣ǧʥϡ
ݡʥ֮һĪ⣡
ͬʱ˱ҲǬ̡
ֻǽһ˲Ǭɫ䣬͵ʧгܣ
ͼʮؽĽϯ͵һɨͽ춦ɳȥϡ
һ֮У
¡
һ̣Ǭ˾ͱǡ
㱦ͭŵƣзɽĴӡ׵缤ķگ
һ⣬Աƿ
ǵȽȫáâƥͻաݣǿò˼顣
գǬܵķѵĽƿͷ­֫ڽɱ´ըѪ
᲻ʣʰ
Ǭ˻쳹ء
ȻֹλӪҲ峾ˡ֮󣬷
ǬȷʶʮؽĿ£ȴƿӳ֮ʮؽѷ
Ҳǵԭڡ
һ˵ʵڼҵɱţò˼顣
ѰûǬһۣѪ¡ӳˣ죬˭֮ơ
ʱѳĺ
峾ʱֻǸеͲ⣬޶д
ˡʱǸеأ޲ѰΪޱȵͷŴУûκα
ڣһ֣ûκѰǻǬ½ɱ
ǶʼеͲܲĺ
Ѫ糱ݣʥɰ֮쳹òľ
ô죿
Ѫ¡ӳɫĶ
˿̵Ѱ̫ǿˣħ񣬴޿ƥ֮ƣͶ֮䣬ѹһΨܡ
⡭ô
ǴԴ벻֮Ѱսͣ
ҡҡ
ûãԶ͵ʯƺơʡֵļУ
˵ɫ䣬̧ȥͼԶطʯƺٿȻ䱻˺ѿѪա
ĵطֳһֻӶħԡɺѪУԵޱˡ
ˣ
ʯƺλɷӪҲڴ˿䣡
ڤ˾壡
ߣ
ǲԼͬأѪ¡ӳѡӶݣһ緢ȫǲһļơ
츳׿ǿҫۣɵܵѪȴ֮£Ҳ׻ˣֲ
ϣվԽľԽϧ
Ǳ΢ݽ֮ΪҰȥһͷĻᡣ
һ֮䣬ʹɥ֮ȮһӵǵĹأأأ
Ѱεļڽ
Ҳһʱ׷ɱȥ
ܽһ򾡣˴ξ֮ӪעһͿأתܣ
ѰԣҲԲϴʧȻᡣ
ˣ
һӰűİأٿȻ䣬ŲƵٶȻǡ
˲䣬Ѱѱƽ󷽵Ѫ¡
𣡡
ѰһȣڿնһĨһȥ
Ԫһն
ڲǡ¡ſա޳ְһն֮УǵѰ
ã
Ѫâڱðһ˲ظܵϢڱƽ
ңսƴԵֵ
Ѫ¶ѵԼҲ뽣峾ˡǵĺ󳾣
Сñҵˣ
ɾΣֵĹͷһٿȻ쳹ؼ䡣
ʱһƥâٿȻһѰڱصõһն¡
аоһζ
ʱһԼӰŲһ̨ƾո֣Ѱ·ǰ
һˮɫȹѣ˾ŮˣüīȪһͷ˿ٰ㴹ӯӯһյϡ
Ʈ裬Ȼһ͵ɫ̨ϣƾһƵɫʥƣӳĵ徧Ө˳Ⱦ粻ʳ˼̻ӡ
ȷͬҲܿ¡
Ȼһ˶ϵϢȴضϣһĺӦ
һ˲ѰȻһͻأŮϸܵһв
в𵴣ǷսŮǴ
ٿѪ¡ӳˣҲһҲû뵽Ӷݵʱ̣ͻȻһλŮ
ңѰΪС
һԭҵľɲ٣ҲˣԶԶ
زʶҿҲǰӪ޵ߣΪҪң
ѰüȻС
ǣ
Ůɫɫ̨֮ϣѰСҡڡġҹ١Ҳ˵زʶ
Ѱһʶˡ
ǰãƿһĵƽȡһ꿰ĵرҩ
ʱͻɣ֮˾˭Ϊܹڰǧǰʱ򣬾ͽս
ƾνġڡŮʦģ
ֻǣѰη壬ջǣŮ粻ƫƫʱŵɱ˵жȻܲˬ
ǣŮһָ߸ϵ̬ԼΪ˭ܸˣ
ѰɫеȻЦ˵ȱ֮ĳǿʵȡȡһ˵
ԶˣԵɣжֻ
ϣִ򣡡
Ů䣬һӡ
䣡
һɫزɲʥϢУĻϢʮԲ
һԲϾʹ֣Եޱǿơ
ѰӶȭ֮Ӳ
˳ԾǣһνУ˵ջ˶ԷĹƣͬҲûѰռκαˣ
Ѱһ˲жϳԷս֮ǿ벻Լ
жһȣŮԳڣɴ
ѵ֮Լķ
ͬʱҲǺݺһһʶ潻ĻûһǴŮĶ֣
˭
ѵǿչ·ϵľ
Ƕ˷Ů˿̣ѰΪС
㹻ˣ
ʱһϮˮȹѣݾŮӣҲ¶һĨȻ֮ɫû뵽ѰܵסԼһ
һңû뵽ӾҲ̤һ޵С·
˼еĺȴҲı䲻ʵ


1600 ޿
ȹŮӻ䣬һС
ϣٿȻһĿɫ֮ǰһһ˲Ϊһ׾ɬĴӡӲҫƥ
ľӡ
ԶԶһͷƤ飬٣Ķһڡ
ŮѵѾڴ˾޵У
ɿܻӵ˿ֲ赭дһĺ
Ѱ䣬ŭˡ
ԭԩ޳ģͶԷ˺Ů˵ãһԲϾͳ֣ͱˣ
ѰһӡֶȫͽںΪһһӡѣȴһͷ޺գ˺ɽӣɱ֮
䣡
ɲײУ˷ضΪ֮ҡ̫ɽײ춯ء
ɲǼ䣬ȹŮӺѰӰ΢΢һΡ
ߵĿײ˴˶һĨɱ
λӣҪҵȳ
أڡ
ѪºӳսԵͷܳô˻ᣬȹŮӵһɱѰУٺòˡ
ߣԸһСѣ
ȹŮӺɼǣ˾ƾɽﶼȻʧɫ
ȴԵޱȹ°ͱ䣬ʼգֳһϣȺװ̬
ﶼʢ˵ζ
ɣžԵź͵̣Żȡ
ɫһͣͷŭҲҶ˵ʲôصŮ˼䲻ǡ
ȿһ֮䣬ڤ˾ε񵹺ãǱĳɱƨֻӴܣ泯һŮڣĲҪˣ
ԶѰЦԴоǼͱġ
ĻῴŮ֮ԸԼϧŮһ㶼顣
˲Ȼŭɫˮ
Ѱǣ̤ն𣬺ڷƮɢ˵ƣ
ŮˣΪĳ㲻ɣ
˵ҳ󣿡
ȹŮһţ覴õϸֳһĨεɱ
ûĸŮ˻̱Լ֮Уһ֦㣬ٳ֪ͬƳĽ
ЩϹŶ䱦
ڣȴ˵Ůˡ
ȹŮԲһֱӡ֪ƣ
㲻ֹ˳ƢҲôã㣬Ĩɱˣʡöۣ˳Ц
ѰȻڡ
䣡
УɫȻֶݺύ֯һĻչ
У纣죡
ȹŮӵĻش䣬ɷҪѰͶ񶾵С
𣡡
ѰԴ⣬ʱҲûκεԥԨ֣糱
ɲǼ䣬дս׵ŭݺᣬɱذ޹⡣
Ѱ֮¯貳ʢÿһ˿Ѥõĵ⣬ÿһֳһּ֮⣬֮ǿǬ
ȹŮӾҲǿþˣƮ裬翣һһ޲
һɫ׵㣬ҰϢǵء
һһŮڴ˿һ˸ĴԾ
κһλʥˣ˵֣Ǳǵսֻ·Ҳشɣ
˽ڵһʱԶԶܿĿһԾʱҲ޷ƽݡ
Ϊһ̳֮ʥۣ֮뢣ڴ˾кС
Ѱĳ֣ȴ߸ǵ֪Ǳܴʶϻһ޷ó
ʱͻأԲھ˵ľŮӣӵȫѰսʱǶԣһСĴ
ŮӦǿչŵ֮ϵľҲֻǿչŵϵӵֶΣԽս
ӳâɫء
԰޵߶ԣǿչŵҲһڤ֮ϵ磬κ
֮Уɽǿչŵģֻд۲ε
ӳڵϵڣŹڽǿչŵϸϣȷ˵ǿչŵ֮ϣһ۾УƼĺ֮ء
ǿߣ֮ʢӳټǿգ
ѪºҲ޷ƽ
ǸԱУҲŹǿչŵš
˵Ὺ֮·ǰǿչŵԭһ⣬ڿǵطȷܿɲ
ૡ
ȹŮӵеĸˣĿѣҡҷ
Կ϶ǣŮϴ˾޵֮·;ڶΪһǲǿչŵϣ﾿ж١
˵⣬𲻽һ̾
죬ˣֻһ֮أѿԸȺףǺ͸߲εһԱȣԵúܲˡ
˵ѰŻǵƶ֮أԶԶҵ磬ΪΡӵս
Ѫºơ
źȹŮս൱ѰжסðŨŨĶʼɡޡ
ӳսĬȻ
޷شΪǶ벻ףԵúܲ˼飬ֱڶѽʵ
䣡
ϣƥУȹŮӺȻ߿ڣԭ㻹δ
ΣѹŮˣѴ´ࡣ
ѰЦ
սʱҲԾѣŮҲֵ;Уһھʥе裬ѿƾס
Ůѵķ
Ѱ԰ǣŮսȷƿɲĵԲԼ
ķҲǷȱǿ޷вԼ
С
ȹŮӱݽҧѰһһŮŭ𽻼ӡ
䣡
ؼһִƵ̣Բ͸ӳֳһ嫵硣
֣
˱һɢϢɽӣһֲĻϢ񷶼͵
ѹޱȵΣϢ˽Զɫ䣬ԶԶһϢĸо
ɣһ˼Ŀֲ
СΪκβ㣿
ȹŮӼֱִ׷ӣһתӳһ磬֮ѹǾʮء
һɲѰҲһвϢһȻ
޿ʦãͨպϣٹ
ɾڴʱһʵ֮쳹һ貵ֶͨ
ɱ˴Ҳ٣
޿ȹŮĸľʹ뿪ԥӶ֡
ৣ
תն촷ۡһֲ˼ٶȣѰХȥ
һ˲˶һ۵ĴʹС
Ǵ̫ʢ貣תʱ޾âкأֲ˾
ʱѰҲһëȻ޷ܣΪѱα


1601 Ԯ
ûκԥѰתǰز
򣡡
һȣӶƿɱ¡
ɵڴ˿ӳֳһһ֣΢ãɬһһ֮䣬ֳѹļƽ˷Ϣ
¡
һ˲ֺʹԿĪһⷽضӿĻ㶯
˺ԥȫܣɫ¶Ȼ֮ɫȽ棬ֱ춯
ĺϣۿɼɽӱУֳһܵعǵȿɲսನѹơ
Ƿս֮Ʋ̫׵û
ף
һϮȹݾĽ޿¶һĨɫһֵסˡ
֪Ǵֿɲ򵥣󣬲Żһλ۾ʶ
˱һѰʥ˲ͻᱻ촷飬ڣȴһס
ͬʱѰüͷҲ¶ɫ
Ƿɽʦչԣ˱ǣв˼֮ء
ЩɱУҪͷѰ׶ᶯãֻҪã
ڣȴֻǺǴ൱
ѰʶԷֻҲ侪ˡ
ڴˣ
͵أ֮ϣһͨУٴʵֻȴŵζ
δ£ͨУ͵̽һֻ޳Ĵ֣кݺһץ
һ˲ǴÿһָڶŴĿʥϢգǬ
һץ£һϲ֮ѹĿֲ֮С
ʲôǵôʦֶ̲סˣ
ԶĽ޿һзһȦλʦ֣Ǵʥеľڡǿմʥ϶պ
ֻǣȴû뵽һԸ۽缫ߵĴʦ֣һ̱˼ȡ
һеسˣ
֪Ƿսκγʥ֣Ҫ۵ģ
¡
˵ʱʱ죬һ˲ѰƾС֮Уһˮ֮С
жȻǺεȿֲһֻ֣
źεǿΪ
ˣ
һ̣Ѱоһΰץ㣬ƿ֮С
ã
Ѱɫ䡣
ҲڴʱٿȻ֮䣬һڹƾճ֣۵һһڴڹݺֻϡ
ҪĶҲүСܵıȥ
ͼһڹ⣬ȻһֻһƿڴһצһڴڹݺݺǴ֡
ѵ羪ը죬Ľڶ

Ѱٸ⣬û뵽յ񣬾ȹؼʱ̳ˡ
˼ǣһڴɬĹ⣬ڲϺ֮䣬һֵֻȫֶֻͬɢ
޿סɴ󣬴ʦֳ֣һֻŴڹסˣ
һ컯¯
ͨУһʵֻԵԾˡ
ҲڴʱͨȻҡбļ
ԭƬеӿ֣һѹƣͨҲܲ
ã޿ʦÿߣ
ʵٴԵúܼ٣Щʼϲ
޿ҲʶأŭδɨѰһۣ
Сסˣ
ƾնͨ
䣡
һ˲ѰȴͻȻŴ͵سȥҲĳʹ󷢴ȱŮһ̣
㡭
޿û뵽Ѱ֮󵨲ⱣӦʱֻܱӲ
飡
Ժ⼤
һ̣ͼ޿׻嶼һģһ󷢰ףܵòѪ
ô˻ᣬӰѳͨڣת˲ʧ
ѰЩźûܽԷ£˽һǿչŵϢˡ
СԺñ㣬ؽң
޿ǳŭļдͨڴЩܻζٲ֮ǰǸ߸ϵĹ°䡣
ģҿɲټֳŮˡ
ѰЦ
ͨգҲ֪н޿ŮǷˡ
ѰתٿȥʱûѪ¡ӳ˵Ӱ
ȻǲƲԺĵһʱˡ
ˣѪЩһﳯȥˡ
ССҴҶ
׷ˡ
Ѱҡͷ֪ȥ׷Ҳϣ
Ǵ˴κн޿Ůӽ֣ѰСĳ
ԭǿչŵϾǿ֡
ѰѾʶӪķɣļɵѾٱС
ɽ޿ĳ֣Ѱʶ֮⣬ڤ֮ϣصǿչŵϣȫԼĽɫ
ڡ޿
ѰĬĬһ飬һ֮ܰȻȫǱŮ˾档
ңŮһ־һ߸ϣͱ˵Ĺ°̬ΪӣѰɿܲպޣ
Σĳ˶ԴʱɴӲϧ֮
ǽ޿ʦ֣ҪǿҲˡ
Ѱһâһ
Сӣôүû㼰ʱɣ
񱳸һԳյĲһǿ׳죬ȻԵõ̬
ֻǣһںڹôô
ԭŻһһУΪ֮ǰһֱ֣
ѰƳһۣһһ򶼺أŲܡ
̾²װүҸһսͱŲƵһʺؾС磬ֻͷޡ
ҲǷսʱүƾеķһٴǸСŲƵ
˵󣬴һۣСӣ㻹ûлүأңĿܱסı
һԵСܿߴĵɪߵ粻֣֣ҿǳŮһĻ̥һһգ˵׼ξҼˣͱʲôɸ˵Ŀġ
ʱţеӴС۳ʥƢ˰үˣŲŰ㶪ˣ
С˸ۣԣ
Ϊүңǿչŵľ۴ʥҶҵһСӣ
ϻֶ֣
ԣŭĿӣ˭Ҳ˭
ѰһЦæֹ
ߣȥɨսƷ
һӣսء
ã
۾һӱƨƨ߸ѰһȲӡ
޳ܣ
СһڣҲСһȥ
ܿ죬طսУȥĲҳ
ڲǰһսѰԱ֮֮ǧӪһ׿֮ˡǬλͬʱʯƺҲССִ֮С
գҲֻѪ¡ӳ˲̶ֻӣһʤ
ԤսĻ󣬰ӪעΪ˶ֳޱȵĴ
֮ľƣʹ˸д


1602 ڼ
ˣսƷ̫ˣǸɫʥһʮд붼һһƷһЩǿޱȵ챦
ˣвʤöĵҩ䡢ġвط伮
սнһɨС۷⣬˶Եúܿܡ
Сų򣬸͵˴սƷȷƾˣһɾʥεĴۺ촹ѡ
ʥүҸۡ
Űֲһʵɫһ˿ǣһצȴܲʵֱץ˹ȥ
Сۼֿ죬ȽһۣҿǴ
ջСӣүʲôṵ̂Щ⣿
СȻƲۣʵ㡣
ڹСһЩѵëȻͼħĿĵض
ɿһҶԼˣα⣬ү֤Բܶһܿ˰ɣ
ССһۣŴӦ
ˣ
񼤶צӻ꣬ӬƵģģ
۾⣬ڶѻɽʥǰȥˮ
СɣԼС춢ţֻ·ǽЩȫ̳˲ɡ
ԶһĻѰݸջȷܴ󣬲Ҳܺ⡣
֪˴ܹսģһһĶ
ˡЩͷ
ЯıѰ֮ɱȣ
ѰһһЩĿսƷʱҲһۻ֮С
ν޺Ʋҹݲʡ
һս󣬿ջͬҲܾˣ
ԺһһϷ֡
Ѱ
ССͷ
С죬źϧǸŮˣӵˣջ϶󣡡
Ѱ
һսѰеķʮ֮࣬У󲿷ǿհ׵ģеսѫѱȡһա
ֻеİ˸ѻսѫˣɫϢҲ֮ˣֳһԲɫ
Լɼ˿棬ϼ뵣ԼԼзɵӰ֣֮
ССһ飬һ飬һ飬ϸ򡢰³
ѰĬĬ㡣
Ȼû˸ԼҲһ顣
ڴ񣬸ؿǣһֳַĿܴղսѫˣ
ˣսĻʣ죬ǲǸȥ׷ɱˣ
СĦȭʵ
졭Ҳ֪֮Ǳˡ
ѰƮ
񣬷սľǺΨһѰĲµģǹŻӪİΣ
Ѱ񣬳ȥ׷ɱˣǴ룬Ҳܴʧ˴λᣬʲô
ԣ
չսǺõط֮ǰҲʶˣǿչŵϵǿܹƿϣִ˽磬ֻ²֪УսһȻ⣡
С⣿ôɹ飬ʲôԣ
ûһҹһһĵرֻзս
ѹɽͺܲ򵥣ֻҪϸѰ٣϶ҵһЩҹѷɫı
Сһģ
ûүʱƭ㣿
һֱԹ۵ѰȻڣǲ֪һЩʲô

ɫһͣȻү֪ģ֪ţûүҲ֪ġ
Ϲؾس⣬ѰǺȷŲܡ
ЦʣãǽҪЩʲô
ԥ򵥰Ѱ
ѰͷӦ
Щ˰ɡ
ĿһƳѰеЩȻսֻþſѼ㹻սѫˣڷսĻʱЩհ׵ķҲߡ
ѰȻ˴һۣ֪ٹڷս飿
з飬ȴǰξ֮Ƶ飬ֵС֣
ѰŶһû׷ʣ׷ʣıԣҲע¶ٶ
ߣ쿪ʼжɣ
񿺷ܵʱ䣬㹻ǽɽɨһˣ
żƨҽҹ˵
ѰûһսҲĴ󣬼ҪжҲȵָС
ͬʱѰҲһԣҹٵж

ɶ񣡣
һ¶ѨУʪɫϢŰ޷ĵŭ˻
һˣͼҵһˣˣӪһ֮ǻʲô͹Ż򶷣
ϢذУЩӦοҵȣ
۾ˡ
һβҰܣֹǰ򵥣ľܵǰδеش
ԱߣѪºӳĬȻɫһһѿǡγֲޣ
սһ۷ҫ۵ľٲȻžŸӪ֮ľƱá
Ҿ棬ܹľʥһˣѵޱȵҫʷŴ޵ǣ
ڣˣ
ѾĻ㾡֮սͷˡ
һУ
ǻûг
ȻѪһɺһĨɫ
ˣǴ˴εж˫£ڷս֮⣬ͬһսڽţ
ӳһнԱĹ⡣
ֻҪǰ̤ǹŻӪ֮ǰע㲻֮ء
ѪԽԽܣʱѰȻս죬Ҳ޷Ťתơ
ૣҲֻܽϣڴˡ
λģһΰǣʤ㼫󣡡
ȻӳĿģڡ
ѵʱĳҲλںܾ֮ǰڹŻа˲ӣ˴ιǽؼʱ̣ЩӱȻᡮӦϡһٽŻӪ𣡡
һ仰Ѫ¾һ񣬶û뵽гı

ŻĽ磬֮ǡ
ػ谵糱ˮİһͷ֮Χ
ХкѤõ磬ڲϳŸڻ֮ϵĴ
ѳ죡
껡衢Ծѡϸ򡢰³һھʥˣɫأľͳ
ÿһü䣬ƣ֮ɫ
ҹϵؽз½ֻǲݻǴҲǶоľƣҪԲˡ
˭Ҳû뵽һεĵ˻թͲַԶõľɱ󶼸޷ӳ
УŻ޵ʳѰѹֶţÿһ춼ĵУ尾ޱȡ
֣ˣ
أЦӰڳ¥ϡ
ɫ࣬ҧ˵ӪһЩڼ飬ڸղţٵ˰һָ
һ仰ʯ쾪˽ɫ䡣



1603 ֮ʱ
ͷϣѹֵ¡
껡衢Ծѵ˵ɫ¡
ץڼ鹲ʮˣ˷ֱԹŻϵͳֱͨ콣ڡ鱦ʥءϸ
ʣˣֱԺ칷ʥ塣
ʮУΪߵλʥˣ˽ǳپߡ
ڱЦץʱЩڼ鼸ڵһʱ㱩жûκοɹ̽
ʱอȫ飬ѪҺֳһֹĻɫ궼ȫ촷ۡ
ЦͳҧгݣҼһµҲδѰٵʲôмֵ
Զ϶ǰս֮ǰѾ˰пƣݡ
ɫ粻
˴ΰȫ֮Χ֮ãֵܼ֮ڣȫڡľ֮ǿޱȵܣһйȫ
ڣоһڼ飬Դ𻵣
һüͷԭҵ㣬ƾǼֵڰ죬ǵھ졣
ڡ
û˵꣬еζ˶
Ѿ֮ǸÿӦԽ
һҧݣɫȻλҽڿʼֳһϼӿزڳиĴ⣬Ҫ˳֣ȥһһŲеǿУǷǱصڼ顣
ô졣
ԾȴӦ
ҲվصĵزԺԥʼж
ϡ
ֻһֻɫأü޷ȥ
ݣľֵֻܼ֮ʱ
û뵽˴ξ֮УۼǾͽŤתǰذܵ³һѩǰ֮ܣաҪʧˡ
ҹɫŭ۾ˣɺ޵ǣǰԼ֣֮
Ҳǻߺޡ
ҹԣһξ֮УƾѰһ֮ǹŻӪĴõŤתӵȥʤĵ̡
ԭӦһʷǰ׳٣ǹŻǰδ֮ʢ£ԼʷУţ
ڡ
òᵽһĨϣ
˭ܲޣ
˭ܲŭ
뵱Ȼǰ̣ͷ­ѪҲֻڴˣŻھ֮дܡ
ΪδܣùŻн˥䵽˹ȵףʧȥ˺Կʸ
ھеҲһֱף֮̤ɱûʲô
˴ξ֮ܡټĹŻעʹ˳
ԺУҲעҲ޷̧ͷ
ΪһǰδеġֻһΣ֮ĽҲֻһΡ
Ѥ֮޷Ťתעлưܣ
ʱ
˳̾Ƿսĵ죬ҲζţѰܷȣ
ԮʮȴǹŻӪģѵֻʣ𣿡
ɫҵʧǡ
˳ǣѰòؽģŻӪҲһ˶ۣӵ˽ܹӪԿĵ̡
ʱ˳ưܣ̤Ϊƽصĳֻ»ʧɡ

λ̬ûصǵȵز
͵أ羪ף˶ϣĿƣžȻ֮ɫ
۾أ¾ƣҲƴУս
˽Իһ
浽ʱҲһ
ڣɫƽ·ȫˡ
Ǿƴˣ
Ծҧ
˳ǣѰѪڣ뿴Ŵ˳ս³Уܾʹ˷
ֻѪţ޲ҲȻӦŵڣ
һҹԵǰ
ҹĻ֮£֮˷֮أ糱ˮĹɢ貵Ĺ⣬¡¡ɱ
ѵķںХʤĵкǰʢѤãҲǰĺ
У޵ɫңԲ
Ƕѵ֪Ϣ֮ǡͽزסˣǽԱ
ͷϣ껵һھʥ˽ԳĬԶ
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ϸȻɫǰδе࣬û˴ǰƤЦ͵ɪ
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Ϊ˺£˵䲻Ļ˳ˣ˶ˣ˭ҲԹ޲ͷϡ
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ֵܵģһ𲢼紳ô꣬ҲʱΪЩʲôˣأ
³ĬȻۿ죬òһ˵ʶôãҵһη֣ҵθڡ
ϸ˸ۣ̲סЦˡ
³ҲЦ
ǻЦ
ԱߵԾѸоЩԾ̲סһһۡ
ϸͽɽǰ治ɫڲЦʹ죬ѵҪʹ鲻ɣ
³ݺݵͷϸ˵Ķԣ
˶ݸ
ҹɫܿȥΧǵĵˡ
峿ʼĹƣȻǰδеĿ֮ǰǰȡַ󡱵Ĺ֮
ȫˣ
ȻҲʶ֮ǴѱٱԵչȫ
ɱգص̤ƴ˳ǣЩ򣡡
Ҳʱһսˣ
֮ʱҪЩȫһŰɱúóһڶ
ֵǣɱ
⣬쳹ɱӰ˵羪װ֮Ͽ
һʱ䣬޵߽ɫ䣬ǻ֣̿ǷߺޣҲеľɫɷף¶
ͷϣ껡衢ԾѡϸǵɫԽԽ䣬ԽԽȻ
ÿһȼŷڵɱ
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ǣȫΧ£ԭԼֵĻ͵ؾҶпҪ֧ļ
ã
ɫ䡣
ʲôǳ£ᣬȫɱбǣ
껳
⣬սŽɱˣڹɷƣǳǳذ˷񷶼Ȼʧɫ
ԶԶأܹЩϵ˷ܡ֮ɫ
ϣ
껼һɣ񽣣ᶨλ֮ʱ껵һ
ϣ
ҵԸͬˣ
ڣڣ
ûԥԼͷ֮ϣɢɲɱ⣬һ
䣡
վûг漣ڳͷ֮ϸǵĴȳưܡ
һĹĻϣ俪һ
һ˲ǵصɱŨƥɱ⡢Լ񱩵ĹȫХ
ǡƾ̺ˮɫ䡣
׵壡


1604 Ϊ
ϣ
ڴƿһѷʱĽ쳹
Ӱӳͷ̤ն𣬻ɢƣ衣
𣡡
һȣ񽣵գȻתԲǧգֳһԲĽĻϹ֯
¡
й㹥ԱɫĻסƾ޷亳
ն
껷ȣһɫնݺǧɣὭɱȥ
ԶһȺɫܣˣͺȻ飬ǴĿʢɫӲһѪ·
һٵУ
ԾѡǼˣ֮ɫ
ɣŻӪУѰ֮⣬ӵеսΪǿ
ֻǣ̫࣬飬ǵصĺʧϰˣ͸ˮƯƵģʲô˻
෴ۼЩһ纷η㣬ǰ̳ɱ
¡¡
ղػӿɱǵء
һȴƿһߵĺͻȫӿһ
µľƾˣ֮У۾ľʥˣһʱ䣬͵սеĴȫͷ߳
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
춯صħ˻𣬼ǬǿӰܼ꣬ͷХ
һɲֹ껣衢Ծѡϸ򡢰³Ц졢ҹ桢ҶĦڭȵȾʥˣҲȻ
ʮλʥһǵεȿ£
Ĺδִͱֺ顣
Щǿߣǲһھʥ˵ĺɱС
һʱ䣬ǳǽ⣬Ѫ٣ʬܼıƵĲըҡ
ֻǣûгã˴УͳһʥӰɱ
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ǡȱūͣС椱Ҫˣ
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ȥģ³ȥ飡
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һԶ㣬ɢźİĿϢǶԾѳԲѷĻɱȥ
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飡
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Ǻԥ֣ʩչȫ
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ֻǺܿ죬һɢȱ©
裬ˣȥзأ
껴ȡ
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˭ȱɢķעֹʣʱƣֻɢԽԽࡣ
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ʱƣ֮ǲͬУ½дɢֵȱ©ҲԽԽ
˵֮ǰĻ֮ǣһ޷£Ǵ˿ʼһһ
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ŵ˵ֻҪһطƣǻ֮Ʊؾͽ˶ݣʱ޵ע޿Ӷݣ¾ɱ
ۣ
ûã껿Ѫ
Ϊɢȥ̫࣬ڳͷλãֻʣ͡³ϸԾɱ
ǵĶ֣ʮλʥˣ

һ̣һμһƵĵ۵ǿֵסԷĹ
λЩΪǿһѪ·Ҳ껱ֵһ顣
껴Ȼ顣
λҪ˵˳עҪλܻԺδûоĻᣡ
ϸ򡢰³ԾѶû뵽껻ľϣǶ⶯ݣ޷ƽ
УҪƴҲҪһ𣡡
ԾѶȻܾ
ϸͰ³ʱ󼱣ɿܿԾƴ
ߣɱѪ·ܣ
أеߡ
˳֮ǧ֮أԱ޵ʥ󻤳ǣĪΪûʥΧǣ
ҲЦ
ʲô
껡Ծǽɫ䣬ĳȵס
Կ϶˴˴ȫһа취Źκһˣ
ֻλƴˡ
껳̾ΪûﵽԾǣеЩǸȻ
޷һˣҲҪ汳ģ
Ծ䡣
ģƴˣ
ϸɫò͵һҧ˻𣬳׻ȥһƴˡ
ģ
³Ŀѣ۾ˡ
¡¡
սһֱڽУֻԽԽҺͿɲ֮ǣʱΣС
¸ǣ⹲оʥ󣬼ǴӳɱȥҲЩʥΧɱ
Цڣһʤȯյ̬
껲ϿѪɫ԰ףɫȻӲҡ
Ծѡϸ򡢰³Ҳɫ䣬һԲ
ֻǣ˭Ҳ֪սܳãû֮Ǳסá
Ǵڣöð
ϸȻ̾Ѱܹȣֻһ뵽ûٺʹһ棬սδ̫ˡ
ߣʱ˭ˣҲע޷ƿ˳֮ľʥȰǻİɣ
ɭȻڡ
¡
䣬ھǳؼԶĵط͵һ춯ص
ţ


1605 
쳹
ԶɱսϣʼԵòۣ˹ע
ɺܿ죬Ծ˵ٶȳǳ߿һ·ϣҲŲ
ãɱ
̫ˣǻ𣿡

ļСֵİԶ𣬿ɺܿȻֹ
ֻҪо֮жϳЩеǿӦȫɱˣ
ܿ죬λں󷽵İһ궯ҡ
һĻҲںǼսЩʥע⵽һʱ䣬Ҳɫ䡣
ܣʥΧѰŴӷսɱҲϲ˶ʱ󣡡
˺£
һʱ䣬Щʥ˶òݻƣֳ񣬳󷽲̽ȥ
ͬʱ껡Ծѡϸ򡢰³Ҳһ
ʮ𼱵Σʱ̣Ԯɱ
Ǵ𣡣
ϸ򼤶Ծѡ³ҲʶٿȻɢ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ֲڻ֮ǲͬ衢졢ҹǣҲע⵽쳣Ŀ⿴ȥ
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صԽԽˣһŰķ籩޿ƥе̬֮
ټսڴ˿̳ͣͣں֮ǵİǿ߶һľԾ
ҽҲ쳹
ʶ£ȿǣһĨҹĺĻӵī֭㣬Զӿڱ⣬ɢļµѹϢ
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һشʥҵ÷飬Ӳƿһ·õ׷ɣƷűɢ
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Щʥˣ޲ɫ䡣
żʱ䣬صʥͱƿˣ
֪Щʥ󣬿ǰһѪɱʥˣ
ڣȴֽ㱻ƿˣ
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껡Ծڴˣԭȵ׵ģ͵һɫ¶һĨڴ
֮ʣȴһĨϣԶ˭
ټսڴ˿̶ֳһֻҵ̬ƣЩΧڻ֮ǲͬİԶܵ쳣Ӱ죬ɫãѰ
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󡪡
ԭפں󷽰У͵رһĨɺѪɫ˺ѿһ޴Ŀӡ
һĨɺѪɫһеʬһ־˵ٶӣ
֮ʬѻѪˮ
û赲̫ѸͺͿ£ʥһҲ˲ʬС
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֮أԱڰҹĻڱΣϣҲ⣬Ӱ׹ҹ
赲ǰĵˣ޲˽µʬ
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˭һĻҲ׹ߣ޷Լ۾
һѪܵıֱ·Ӱֿʼһֱţ֮ǿ
ʥҲͬ裬ƿ
ȻƵĴΣ
赲޲ʬڵأ
˭ܣ
һʥ˾ŭУԼ۾
һˣ޿赲ڰӲѹһѪ·˭ţ
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Ǵ磬Ҳʹ絽û𣡡
ϸ죬ɫ両ֳ֮ɫͲ㵸ˣҲû뵽ʱ˿̣ڴˡ
һĨ⣬˺⣡
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𺳣Ŀ⣬һ۾Ϳ߲һǿ
һ̣ŻӪһھʥˣɴ۾٣
䡪
Ӱڰ֮أزȺкʬѪɫѻڵء
԰ԣһŮӣһԵ񣬴ֻ
ǵͳ׻ңССҽСڶżԶİǿҲΪ֮ĺ
ڣԭһȫǵжʱ򳹵ױϣ
ɱ
ڣһλеľʥ˰಻סŲգȥ
䣡
һ棬ɷǰĳߣһͼһӲӵĹŽɱ⾪
ȻҲ֪߲ƣʱޱ
һ޳ӰûֹƲ㣬ǰУʼգֳһּµƽµĴݡ
˵ĸоͷû㡣
һƽʱֻһ̧ұۣǺɫУ¶һֻӨ֬û覴õİ֡
ÿһָܳƷһּµ
һֻϸ޳ֻ֣һһɱĽ͵ը׷ɡ
ңңһָ
䣡
ɷǵĳֽߣûüӦϲֺ֮ݺݰһǣֱը
ҽжûü
˿ɱһλʥˣȴһֻӬ⣬һֵ߸Ұ𺧡
ÿֲ
Щʥ޲ڴ˿̺Ȼ𵴡
һɲټսرնѹֵ˼Ϣ
Ŀ⣬ʶһԡڰҹӰϡ
ǰеķϣе˵ӰǲԼͬÿһ·ܹ

һ̣Ծڸȷ˭ˡ
ֻǶ겻ԷʣϢӰ˷츲صı仯
ڵһʱ俴Էʱ㻳ϴˡ
ȴ綼ҪͰ
³ʧ
ֹǰûб
ϸꡣ
겻ǸضŮԽԽغͿֲˡ
ѣ˭ΪҪҵȣ
أһʥ˿ڣһӣĿһԡڰеŮϣûвڹŻϢ
Ҳ˵ԷûӵŻ
ûлӦ
ԡҹǰУʼմӲͣٹҲӲ˵һ֡
ĬƽݣȻУ̿һʢɺѪ·ʬɽѪΪ䱳
ɫ粻ӣʱѶ֡
ĿǰһĻĻ˼ѪȻ棬ȴ
Һã۲죬ֻҪ·֡
ұܿȥ
ӷɿ촫ˡ
ЩΧǰľʥҲע⵽ֻҪԡҹеŮӣ˵Ƕ֣ʼոÿһۡ
ȫӣ
֣㿪·
أϸɫ΢䣬ʶʲôɿһץס껵䣬һܿ
һͷˮЩɲˣŮѵΪǶ
ҲڴʱԡҹڰӰеڳͷ֮㣬ͣ˽Ų
գҲڴ˿̼ž£ټĳǣټսѻȸ
ؼ䣬ӰΪĿĽ㡣
µϢء
һ峺ɾö綣öƮĳͷ֮ϡ


1606 ޵з
Ҳ¶һĨȻ
ڳͷԡҹڰӰӰĿע
ȫˡ
ΪҪҵˣڡ
統˵Ǿ仰
ҵССֻһˡ
ɴʱЩʥ˽޷ƽɫá

˭
Կ϶ǣضֲֿŮӣ˵ģΪ˽ȹŻӪ
ϸԾǶԣͷһꡣ
ȥˣǺǰһûиıֻںһˣŽ£޷һ˿ע
֪Ҫ˭ŻУûҲʶġ
껺Ȼڣº͡
֮ǰƽȣʮ𼱣֮ǼݣǶս֮ġ
Ůӵĵһжˣ
Χڳǧ֮صľʥ󣬶׾ٵ˺һѷ졣
ǺӴİ޷赲䲽ؼ䣬һѪܵĵ·ʬɽѪѻС
Ǿʥ˳֣ҲһָûУ
Եúܲ˼顣
ͬʱҲΪĵټսʹ뽩Уչš
УùŻӪõ˴ϢĻᣡ
껵Ļ衢졢ҹ巵˽Բ棬ǰһ̤ҹڰΪѰ˭
һƬžӰԡҹеʼջȻƵģûκˡ
ĬƬ̣΢΢̧ͷ񷣬ƺѰʲô
գת뿪ǽ
ƺûҵҪѰٵˣеؼһУ޹ؽҪ
Ķ
еǿһǿò˼ŮӹȻŻӪġ
ÿΪλ·
ĽӴȣ´
˭һŮڣǼֱһ޵аĴڣֲ̫Ϳ¡
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һʱ䣬ŻӪǿɫһ䡣
ԾҲס̲ס֪Ѱģڲڡ
Ѱ
֣ħԭתҪ뿪Ȼֹǡ
һĶѣȴǿĶɫ䡣
ŮѰģ
ս˭֪ܲѰĴ
ֻǣ˭û뵽һءֲŮӣѰйأ
Ϊ֮ǰУ֪ŮӵĴڣ·ƾճֵġ
ʱԭΪѰ
һʱ䣬нԷ֮ǰʱǿҲ֪Ѱߣһǿ󵽲˼زŮӴڡ
֪
ûлͷ
˴ǰѲ׽ѰһϢϧǣҲֻϢ
ˣڴ˵ء
ԣ뿪
㲻֪ǣѰľѪһѣ˳ݣʱù𣿡
Ծһ˵
У㿴ˣǰУԣ޹ؽҪǿǲֹһεɱѰѰͷŴжԴ
£ҲֻܹǰˣԾҲֻþһа취ȥ
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أϸվָԾѣǴŮˣˣ϶취뽫ұɣҶˡ
ǡ
˵⣬ϸ۾ˣǴôѪòײȡһλʤϣôˡ̫ϧˣ
һ仰˽߬ȭͷ
ǰˣǹŻӪͳˡ
Ծһ̾Ҳ֪ϸôΪǲʲô͵ġ
ȻڴʱתԾѣ峺ƽĿõԾѻһڡ
죬ջĿ⣬ƽûһ˿ûоͬ⣬ȫ
Ŀⶼ΢΢Щ
ԾѲδգһֹȻ˵ĸоΪ˽
Ҫ뿪ߡ
ӳڣоЩ
ͬʱʥˣ׼ֻҪŮѡȫͬʱȫǣƣֻҪ룬ֿɶ
һڰʥ˽ĿӦ
ڴʱתУȻһ˰׹ǳìһǻϡ
ӵɫ䡣
ټսϣӪǿҲһ
Ծѡϸ򡢰³껵ظ¶м֮ɫ
ֻǲʧ
ŮӰ֮ϣҹڰ֮ƣհ׹սìȻһˣȴиơ
䡣
̤
ؼ䣬ҹεɱӰɢʮ֮ء
һʱ䣬оֳɲѪʬѻѪˮӣ̤Ľ£
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껡ϸɫ䣬ֻǵҪʱͿһĻ˼Ļ桪
а׹սìһ۵Ķȴǣؼ串ǵҹڰ۶
ǰҹ棬˷һй粻һӰ㣬δͺȻ飬ɢС
ϣ
ӰٿȻǰƾһ׹սìһǳֱĵ
һʥˣֱӱ̴嶼ҹڰ˲ֽ⣬ҷ
⡭
ÿֲ
ӵͷƤ飬Ŀѡ
֮ǰһ˴ӼԶ֮һ·ѪȺʼգ
ԭѾ˿ֲεѡ
ڣհ׹ǳìʱЩʥ˲ŷ֣ԶԶ͹Ů˵Ŀ£
ۣ
ܿ죬һʥ˱̴Ѫա
ͼ̤նУҹеףչɱ¾ûзϻûгɣ̬ݣƽ˿¡
ǰ׹ǳìǻԣҹ֮Ʈﲻƣâָоʥ˷
תۼѣʥ˲޲һֻҪǱϣ޷ܣҲ޷ֵ
Զĺ׹ߣð
ͷϣ껡ԾҲԼ۾
ԭǶԣѰսѿ죬޷óǺȣԵú죬ֲ
Ķ򵥡ɴ࣬ȴңɱʥ˺ȫǾѹ̬
ʼգһ֮У
ˣֹ
Ŀѣ۾졣
ǿе壬òսоʥǰһ
ಣ
˷ԭڲͬйǵʥˣʶǶ
һʱ䣬⻤֮ǳͷǰƾ֮أٲȻΪսķ籩ۣ֮


1607 תǬ
ۣ
Ѫڷʬ׹䣬Ĳҽ;־˻֯һء
׹ҹڰѪɫɺī֭ɱҹĻӶ
˴ΰȫǾʥ˶֮ڡ
е󷽣ȫǡ
еĳ䵱ȷ棬չɱ
еڴ֮У
ˣв֪ٵʥŸǿߣӲͬķλԻ֮ǽк
ɴʱټսϣ֮أΪ籩ۣ֮
ʥǰ̰ͼƾϵľƣѹơ
עͽͣ
Ȼһˣְ׹ǳìӰԡҹ֮ĻУ֮ݿ࣡
껡Ծѡϸ򡢰³Ǳæȴ֣ȿֲսǸ޷͡
Ϊ̫࣬һˣһǵب֮ǰܹԽ
𺳵ǣЩʥ˺εȿ£һװ㣬졣
УȴһȺ˻ɶ꣬ͻᱻɱǽһɴ䣬ݿҲˡ
Ƭ̶ѣʮλʥ䣬ʬѪˮǰһضȾɴĿĵĺɫ
ʼպ˳ȾһˣȴĪУ
ܣ
ǿ
Ǿʥ޵е𣿡
У֪پŭ塢ţÿһʥ˵ɫԵޱѿ
ҷɢȫȥƳǣ
ŭ
⻤֮ռؼ޷ڵķߣֻܷɢҪĿڹϡ
ϾԷǿվһˣɿܻסǣ
ֻҪݴ˳ǣָеĹŻǿעܵԵĴ
¡
һ̣ЩɱľʥˣԷɢͬȥ
ǲɫ䣬ʶ˳ײһˣƴҲҪ̤ƻ֮ǡ
ˡ
ڴʱȴ̤նӰǣؼҹ֮⣬Ҳ֮
ɲǼ䣬һӰϷֻÿһԡҹڰ֮Ӱ㣬ɰǧϻ֮ǲͬط
ҹΪһǧ
ǵȾװһĻȫ
˼ǣЩÿһǿ֮䲻籾ǰ죬ӵвѷɫھʥ˵ս
⡭
ٰǿ߾Ӳ
ʲô
һЩʥ˶
ȥӰɰǧԡҹ֮䣬飬ֲޱߡ
껡Ծѡϸǣһ㱣ʥУȲ˼
䣡
ûκսڳݡ
ֻǣʥ˷ֿжȫǵͼһ̱׷顣
ǳԻᱻķ赲
ǧʹǧʥˣǵӴõЩܹٸ֮İʥˣʱԵòˡ
ЩԶԶ籾£Զٵ£ռƣ
ã
֮ϣĴ껡ЩʥˣѪڣޱȡ
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һ֣
ϣ
ɱ
Ծѡϸ򡢰³ǽȫӻ֮ǲͬչ
¡¡
ؼ䣬ϣɽХɢϯ
Щʵʥ˵İͲҿΪһɵ³
һУԵǰƽʼնһû
ıհ׹ǳì߳Уϵĵˣȫ³
սϣѪȷɽɱ죬Ʊãʧɫ
ŵ˵Ǿս񣬹ģΪƴսΪҵһս
ǾʥˣϮοЩѰʥ
ǸڹŻ򣬻ȹģĴսҲ˸ţ¹
Ǿս
һǣƣдһ˥ս֮ء
ɱ¾⣬Ѫɺӵľżʣһξ֮ˣڶξ֮Ҳˡ
һΣͬҲ⣡
ֻǰξ֮ͬһεĹŻӪѪĥӵʤϣ
ԭһϣܾͽڽո
ĵսľҲ֮ת֮ǰȫһˣ
¡¡
ɱ糱ףѪȹʮأԶ֮սĳڴ˿䡣
ǵȶսʥ
ʱƣʥ˵һ־˵ٶ
ԭ껡ԾѡϸЩʥ˵սͷǱѰһͬɱȡ
֮ǰ֮ԱѹƣȫΪĿ̫ӴǻҪǵİΣڱޱȡ
һˡ
ĳֱ֣Χľ棬õǶӵĻᣡ
ɱ
һ̣껡ǣԾѡϸ򡢰³ǣɷʹ죬֮ǰҡ
ɱ
ÿǻзйԹĳͺޡ
Ż򣬱ѹ̫ˣ
˭㱻ƾ׸
˭ǰξ֮ʱƬսܹĳޣѪ᣿
ɱ
ɱѪǧˣʬɽ

ӣ־ױ
Щʥ˱ɱõٳܲסĿֲĶӡ
һ̻ɥ֮Ȯ
ţԶƲİҲɢӵ˷Ӵܡ
СҽС쳹
ټսϣͼɽĿɾľ
ӮˡӮˡ
ͷɢȾѪһĻЩ˺ӴܣɫһƬ㱣Բš
˴ΣȫΧ֮ǣ޵սŻӪʳѰԲÿͷѹһʯͷҪ
ǶøսĴ㣡
˭롭
ǾȻӮˣ
ֹǻ˻֮ݵΣգ˰ɱĶӣ
Ӯˡ
衢Ц졢ҹǣҲɫ㱣ÿһ˶ǰǱȾѪ
ü䣬ȴһƬ
ɱ
³𣬻Ҫ׷ȥȴԾסɲ׷ɱ˵ʱ
ӮˣǹŻӪӮˣ
ϸЦЦᶼ
һս̫ѣ̫ңҲ̫ףеĿѡ

ҹ֮ɫһڣ۶ǷֻǧطҲڴ˿̹ڶΪһ
˿̻ʤҲԵǰƽκϵĲͷ·֮ǰɱͼսء
ֻǣһеĿ⣬޳ӰϣĿ޲ž塢м֮ɫ
˭֪չŻӪܹȫ⻤ܹ֮
û
ŵ˵һսУһˣɱңһ紫˵޿ƥе
˭ܲм˭ܲأ
ֻǣȴƲֻ΢΢̧ͷ˿񷣬ԡҹڰеƴ롣



1608 ڵ۵ս
ս
ɽ
ģҵһζ
񼤶شŽӲӵצӣӶð⡣
һŵɫСɽֻаɸߣʯᾣľƽɣӲӵģɷƯ
ʱѰڰɽһǰ
ʯ϶ϣһֱĲݡ
һ߸ߣĴָϸƵľһȻƣھ࣬žƬƵҶӡ
ϸһһƬƬҶɫݣϣÿһƬҶӵϣһƽɫĻ
Ҷݣ
ÿǧ£һƬҶӣÿǧ£ҪһؽΨٲߣܼ
ʥֻ̺֮ԼӼܻһɽɱޱȣ
ĭɣһϲǣ˱ܳ䵱ϣԼʥŲɹĺô
һҶݣоǧĻ򣬾ٴǲߢʱ򡣡
ѰһţѾʼ֡
һꡰҹ١һҶݸͬ˵ƽ
һѣСӣԼһҶݸ÷ָүˡ
СС춼һģ˵ıԣ̰īĶֱС֮ĶȾ֮
ֱˣƤһܺ

ͬʱھս֪ңԶһƬУһƵɽ֮ۡ
ϼεһȺ裬¹Ľ⣬ɽ۴αȵĹϽһʥĽɫԡ
ɶ޳ܵСǴ㽫ڡսеıһ򾡣
ɽۣ޿޵дŭ
ȪһϮˮɫȹѣȻɽƺУ粻ʳ˼̻ӣ绪
Ǵ˿һ־˵
ڽ޿ǰһ״ĥɵỊ̇ţ۳һĻ
ǹĻкȻӳֳѰǵӰ
ǡҩ̡͡Ҷݡĵƽͨͨ˱Թ۲쵽Ҷݵ״
ʱ򣬽޿ƾ˱Ѳڡսеҩʱһꡰҹ١Ѱߢ
޿ʦãսʹ˵ейأһƬؽλ棬ÿ꣬ǲܿһͨе
Աߣһƾո֣֮ǰѾùһΣҲζţû취ٶˡ
ӰڱɫҰףӷâ̿գɢһɴϢ
Ժᣬģʣϲ޶²ɣ֮ƣȴȾʥ˶ֲ
ʦ֣Сʱѵˡ캮໨̸ľ䡣
޿أԷ߷ߣټǡҹ١ǰһꡮҶݡеıҪС͵ˣѵǾţ
ʦֵİЦЦ䣬˵ķ֮
ʹϵһȣЩ㲻ʲô֮ĻԵʱұµĶʮٱ³
ʣ糿ĺ쳹ȴ¶ޱȵš
޿۾һԣСԺȻǰ֮棬ʱúһˣ
ˡ
Ȼ޿ʲôʦ֣Сеıʲôܵס֡Ĺ
֣ڵ֮һһС
ܶǰΪ˽˱ڵһλ۾ﶼԳֱӽһ硱ȫץס˽˱Ļᣬһٽȡ
󣬴˱Ϊһ׵Դ˳µسΪڵر֮һ
ȴס˴ֵĺɱ˴ʦԳ֣ý޿β棿
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ȷ
ӵͷü䷺׷֮ɫԣΪ֮ǰһսдʧһս
ۼͳʮŸλ汻ݣĵ۾ʮλ
ˣв֪ٵ׼ۡʥʥ䣬һս֮£ǿ֮ϣȫΪ֮ʧ
˵󣬰üҲһĨ֮⡣
һŵĺڰ£ɱ¾֪飬֮أκ˶޷ȴ
̫ʱġڵ۵ս
޿Ҳʲôһ
һսǵ۾֮ĶԿȻ㣬Ծǿ֮ϵ̫ŵͳ֮档
һսֱڵ۵ս
ʦ֣˵ڡڵ۵սУ
޿˿̶һֱ𺳵ĸо
ӵ˵ͷҲҲҿ϶ĵطϾҲ֪ڵ۵սĻ֮һЩµıȫڼҵսбٵܹõ
޿̲סʣʲô֣
Ľ޿򣬵ǣ䱳ĵͳ̫ʱҲһɰĵط˸顣Ժǰ֮棬ץСʱٸ㡣
ڴʱװٿȻĺԭӳֳĻҲ֮
޿һڣҧݣҶҲСˣ
˼С
컯һ¯Ҳһ֣
̫ʱڵġڵ۵սʱѽĵġŻ硯Դٵ˰
ѵ
֮濪ʱһҪСץסúһźá۾ĵطɾǹŻ磡
ԶϣȻһͷʮɳɫſں洫ӼǬ
ɫһ࣬
Ǭ
ڵ洫һˣһλ߳Ƶľ۴ʥھ֮أԿɣ˾Ƴ硣
ɴʱȴɫ˳е֮
ڵĵ֮ۺڴ˿ɼһߡ


ս
Ҫˡ
Ѫ¡ӳ˴Ӷصĵ¶Ѩ߳Ŀ⿴񷣬ظ֮С
ϣֳһɫѷ죬Լһɬڴѷɢ
գǷսĵʮ죬ͬҲǷսĻһ졣
Ҳ֪ǹŻӪǷѱ̤ˡ
ૡ
϶⣡
ӳĵڹŻӪӦϣѰĻ֮ټ̣ҲȻ
ϣ˰ɡ
Ѫ̾
̤ưӪΣѰԺվΪӪĸ󻼣
뿪ˡ
ͬʱǺɽУѰ̧ͷĿ
һηս֮УԣѾԳǴȫʤ⣬Ժսĸ֣עʹ˸д
ϾӪһһ򾡣ʣѪ¡ӳˣҲעƲʲôˡ
ѰΨһĲµģǹŻӪİΣ


1609 
ϣڷҪγһͨ
ѰĬĬȺš
˴ηս֮УɱУҲջ޴УŰ˿Ѽ㹻սѫ˵ķ
ˣɱ˻õսƷǾˣġѻɽֵ֮޿ɹ
ܳһʱڣУǴʥصʲ
ཻڴˣΪϵĽҲΪˡ
һꡰҹ١һУ͵ֵϰ֮õѰʥоΪԲ
ò˶ã˳ʥ֮
ٶȥƱػ¶Ϊ֮
Ͼսſʱѡ
꣬Ѱһ˳̤ϾʥֱڣʥӵԲزΪȽٶȣѿƾף
˼ǣѰΪ˱ǿǿÿһʵޱȣԶͬˡ
Ҳϲӵмͬг޵еս
һԣʥÿһǧѣڹŻУ伸ټʥûΪΣ
ܼ򵥣ڱչУ
ЩʥԣΪͻƾչǧӼʤ
Ѱܹڶ̶ڳʥʥͻƣʹ˴ξս֮żϵ
Ҳֻھսþʥ˿ɱĻˣ
ѰûѡսڹŻڣֻ¶ô۳ʥ
ˣؾĻξ֮УӦ㵣𡮾һķˣ
ȻС˷ܿڡ
ҿ˵ǰξ֮Ϊһһ֮У̤˴֮ԺɵҲ¡
СһͷΪȻ
˴ηս棬ٲȻѹȺ׵޵̬ǵ֮ĵһˣ
ƺ͵ЦˣүҿǴһλ۴ʥУˣүҲʵľһ
Сʱе񣬸ҲҺҼ˽֣һϸߵͣ
Сɫò
һתѰ̽СӣҪҪ棿
ѰЦݲãʹӦа
ʱЦˣˣսĻˣʲôүһһоһˡ
еһ̫ˣһϸߵá
Ѱ˵ʱһ
ȴ羪֮ƵģವһԶԶܿǵСС춼Ц
һˣ
ѰջؽŲûг֣ɴȴоջģһʱٲһˡ
ˣ
ܿ죬ϸֳһ޴
ߣ
ѰԥСС죬ʹһڿնȥ

ŻĽ硣
֮ǡ
սѾ죬Ŀ꣬Ѫˮ͹Ǻ鲼սѱһ顣
Ǹɾ࣬˳Ⱦ
УЦﲻϣֶÿһŻǿߵ϶ŷĵɺġ
ȫҲֻ飬һصʬѪȣνء
ݺͳƣǱľʥˣϰ֮
԰ӪԣνһޱȵĴԺܳһʱע֯ƹģˡ
Ż򸶳ĴۣǱƻľ漣ûгһ֣
λ̫ǿˣٲȻ޵аĴڣһɣѰǰֻ¶Ķ֡
ʲôǿҲѰǰĺ֪Ѱǰġ
ˣձǷսĻ֮ʱҲ֪ѰǰǷܰȻ
ޣѻ죡
УƵ
˵ʱȸ˭к
ͬʱϸͰ³ضڰУԶڳͷϵӰһĸо
̫΢ˣ
ͷϣȻ޳ӰҹڰУһƵģǰսĻ󣬾һֱǣһԲ
ԾҲ֪ôģҲȺǣվţҲվţûκ뿪˼
϶
³Ҫ˵ʲôȴ͵ط֣⿴Ƽ򵥣ֻǴкѣʵһ㶼򵥡
Ⱥ˭кƺһ˲죡
³ֹ£ֵܵĿɰﲻæֻôรˡ
ƣѹУü续ɣʵؼһһľˣѵõǣʹãһԡ
ϸһпͬģһ㶼֮ǰ͸Ŵһϵ޼䣬³ҲʶǾǻ񼶵ľˣضʧɫǳ絽˹
ŮӣһӢ۾ƫƫʹǧ˿Ƶϵ
˵⣬ϸһᣬ̾ѡĲѡţ
³ҲһпģǿŶеᣬ˵ˣ϶ʹࡣ
ϸȻЦ֮ɲôܵģѹλÿһˣĿίԼȥͱһͬźһˣ
ֹĽţڳͷϣΪ΢
ǣҹ֮ܿŵգԵضη
ֻҪǣԶĿһ̡
ԾһϮɫȹѣڷ䣬泯죬ü续޳Ө֬ǣһڶ֮
СĻйأҲʵѪܲɷֵĹϵ
ڴ졣
˭֮ܿ䣬ЩԾʶ껡裬Цˣڵһʱѡ˱ܡ
ټĳͷϣЩֻ˵Ӱǡ
ֻϣѰЩɣ浣λʲôͻ
껸п
ںЦ졢ҹơ
ҹЦ˵ѰһﶼѾ۳ʥҲʱѡˣǲ֪˭ˡ
ЦңֻҪϲģͳͳ߾ˣǰ鷳
ҹʱԼô˵СʱһŮ۸ƵƨɵҴܣͲ޵ˣҲǴʱͽţⱲӶһŮˣ
ЦɫȻŭҿҲ˵ҹСʱһȺ챧Ϸ⻹㣬һСϲ֬ú
ҹ巵ҲһӺҧгݣСʱ򲻶£
ЦԣãСʱƨôˣ
һ࣬ЦֲЦն鴤һֱ壬һͻụ˭˭ҲǾˡ
ˣ
أ͸Ż侪ϲ
һ̣ڻ֮е޵߽ԲǼԶϣȻֳһ޴ͨ
ţһ貵ӳٿȻһ޳ӰһϮ°ɫƮҷɰס
ȻѰ
ԭڳͷһֱڵȺԾѼͬһʱ䣬뽫Ŀ⿴˹ȥ


1610 
Ѱˣ
һ˲ټĻ֮ǣԭֵ֮ʧüž
Ŀˢˢ˼Զ񷣬ѰӰȻɡ
ˣһ˴Ѫħ磬һΧһǡ
һ֮ؽ֮ǣɱ̸Ц֮䡣
Ҳںº֮ϣϰپʥˣѪµλΪŻһﴴ˽ԪؾĻᡣ
¼Ѵս죬紫âɡ
ӷսŹ
ͺãͺð
һ̣껡һھʥŵҲ׷Żأеޱȵɡ
ʱ޲ģѰǰսܻܵ԰Ӫһڶִѹп֮ǡ
á
ˣȻ
ֻǣǴǰӭʱȴֹɫ
Ϊ˿̶ֲϳ

ѰʱĻ֮ʱжظ֮С
ȥʮ죬ǳڣҲζţŻӪһõϢ
ܿ죬ѰĿһͫһֱضǳͷϵһٻӰ㶼Լ۾

ѰĶ͵زһ¡
֮֮꣬ǰ庣֮ϣƮȻڿնȥǰһҹĺڰŻڣʹʧ
֮Ѱʮľ֮ɱշתط½磬㼣鲼۹
ֽ߱Ѫսɣֵء
طŻ󣬱ֿǰ˾ս̡
ֱ񣬶ѹȥʮ⾰
ʮˣѰĿܲǣһֱѶ
ֻǣȴû뵽Լӷսصĵһʱ䣬ͻῴһĨϤӰԼĸ߸߳ͷ֮ϣ
һľϲֱȴʤһҪ˸ˡ
䣬Ҳû֡ñطꡱ֮Уϲã
ֻǣѰմȥ͵ط֣ƺЩԾ
ټĳͷϣԾ㣬ˣڳ
ԵòԾˡ
Լηأϸ򡢰³껡ǵĸ֪Եһʱᵽڶû֣
磬;ѹﶼڵ㣬ɵŵ㣡
أϸĴѰ쳹ѰһͷƤ顣
ʶ
꣬׿˵ԼҪȢޣȹһء
òᣬ;֮Ѿìˣ
ѰǾʥļʯ˴ˣɴʱɲһͷ
ɫ䣬ȴû¶κһ˿쳣Цͷȥ
һ̣ڰеϸͰ³Լ껡Ц졢ҹ巵˶۾ѰһѺ
Ѱˣ
ϣԾڣЦ촽ݣԣü価Ǻεϲá
ѰڣԾѾͽĿ⿴󷽵㿴Ҳˣ϶⣬ܾϲ
Ѱʶ˵ͷаҪ⣬ϸ۲죬δԾκһ˿䣬ƽһЩ
ʱԾЦڣҾͳ׷ˣģ겻ǿ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵ȻȥϢһ£ʱȥЩѣһΪӷϴ
˵ţѰͶȥһ񣬶תȥ
ʼգˮƯƯ˵껰תȥַ緶ȣðеϸ򡢰³ǶȻ֮⡣
ѹ˲ð
ûãûԣ˳һѰһΪѣҲȫԼϣִ¯࣬Ưˡ
ΪŮ˵裬̾λԹһģһ΢κ˶ͷľ棬ӲǱ֮仯⡣
ǡƴ绯꣬
Ѱмֱ޲øԾһӵ˽ܵ飬ĿţһһЩִǿǺֳЦ
ƺܸˣ
Ȼڣ峺ɾƵĶ
Ѱһ̲סЦ֣ܲˣ
˵ʱͷϣһ۾Ϳʮ겻粻ǵɬŮˡ
Ӱ޳֫ӯӯһգǣ˳ڣҪԼһˡ
Щˡ
ƽתһǳɾѰ˵Щ˼Ůˣ
Ѱ亹ðɿȵǺòײط꣬ʱ˵Щɺã
ͷԵģܾҲӦңҪȢ޵ʱҪȾҵͬ⡣
ѰҵȻǵ¡
˵⣬һΣʶ̧֣һԴǶǰɵϰߡ
һ̣ȴЩˣҲٰͣա
̽һֻ֣֣ȻطԼԴϣûвӦȢޣҪȢҶںҵġһ׸
峺¶һ˿䡣
ѰĪһʹڻУһģ϶һ졣
΢΢󣬽׿Ѱϣ૵ʱҵһƬڰֱ㣬Ѱɲ뿪ҡ
Ѱ۰򱧵ˡ
꣬ƴʱ˯еૹ仰ֻŷ֣ԭУԼ޿ȡһ

һʢѰӵĴĻ
Ծһλ޿޵ŮˣÿһϸڶŵþȻ
ｻЦҹɫУճһõĺþ
ҲһڷսһУĭɵһһ֪ٺȻк
뾡Īʹ׿ն¡
սУѰһڰ򶥼ʤ飬Ϊʵľ֮һˡ
֮ǰܣ飬ŻӪתΣΪ
սþսĸ־ʹ˶д
ʧȥһڶصİӪӽԺҲвŻӪ
ϯʱѰһ쿪ʼŻӪưĲݣ
ҹɫī뿪ټĵУֻʣѰԾˡ
ϸ򡢰³ʶȤشСС뿪
Ը뿪˵ҪѰһ¹ϷսƷ飬ȴϸֱӸˣƾɤӶûá
񣬼ֱ̫̰ġ
ѰЦ
ʱѳԱ㣬һ˯ȥȻȻذռѰĴ齣ܶǰһ
ѣûɣѰĿ⿴Ծѡ
˲ǰ̨ϣƻҡҷ°߲ĹӰ𲻶
ԾὫѰϣһԶҹգİɣĿȥ
սǿޱȣȴо룬һ˵Ĺ¶Ψһںˣҷܸˡ
룬Բٹ¶ˡ
ԶҹɫУе޵أڻۺף
˯ṳ́ʵ
ߣޥģˮˡ
ţţţţѰǽһĨЦݡ
Ѿܾúܾû˹ˣƽ̤ʵϲøУůĻ
˾ʱ˿̣ѰһҲ



1611 ָ
¶վݣһϲҳ
ڹŻӪѰʤʱڰӪȴŨƲҵ
ǰĲҰܻĿ󣬷սзѪجľʹء
һʱ䣬Ӫ궯ȻʧɫĻ̻̣
֣ȫûܺŻӪĻ֮ǣ֣Ѱһ˴ɱķ㣡
ֻʣӳաѪ˽Ҽһֱһ
Ѱǿ󣿡
Ĳ
Ѱֱһ޿ƥеħ˫ȾѪȣǿ˼Ҫ
ˡεǿڷս
أ޷جģŭ˻
ˡǬʯƺ峾ÿһһ֮䣬¸Ⱥףһգâɣһ
ڣЩԭӦԺмŹʵľȫѰһУ
ֲ̫κ
ˣҵȰȫ飬أսе棬ҲԲҰĻ֮ĸ֡Ҫʹ˸ı𣿡
ɫɷףʧǡ
ǰξ֮԰ͣԴݿ֮ƣ̤ƹŻӪǺεȷ⣿
ѵַͽ棿
ɶ񣡶ѰǸ飡ŻЩĿӵн̣֮
˷ߺ
ս֮ǸͲŻӪУΪ򣬿̤ɱ
ʵϣŻӪʱ򣬵ȷֻܸܲأأһޱȼѵ顣
һеת䣬Ѱһ˿ʼ
Ѫħ磬ȴһѪɱɱѪħ綯Ӫ޲ס֡
ؽ֮ǣɱõðӪſʼӣʼ衣
ˣѪһھʥˣںº֮ϲ޵Ѱɱ
գѪǲҰˣ
սľƣҲǴʱʼʵɱ䣬ԪؾйĹŻУһľʥˣùŻӪĴҲŤת
ҲǴʱӪ裬һѰΪͷŴУǻȫɱ
ϧ
ʧˣ
սˣȫҲˣ
ˣѰƾһ֮ҾսƣдӪ֡
ӪҲ붯У

ˣһ֪ŮС
磬ӳȻУ˫Ŀʧ
˵ΰݵϢʱֱ׺䶥֮С
ԭѪ»ϣΪֻҪ̤ƹŻĽ绤֮ǣӪȻڲ֮ء
˭룬Ҳˣ
ӳ߬˫ȭĿѣأ˶ֳһֿҪߵơ
磡
ӳѩ߽˴
ȫҹ
ӳշ˻ľãڣޣŵӳѩ뿪
ˣˡ֪ˣ͸ѪµģСʱ򣬾ͽĨɱ
ϧˡ
ӳ嶼ŭ

£ȫ۳Уûҵ˭̤ǳһ
ڤ磬ɫ࣬䵽¡
Ҳ˽⵽һجģͷڵѪֻܾһ׼
ãл֮ڣǿŻѪϣܱסұڤӪɡ
ૣɫľȻ
ԤУһʱУһڰ٣

Ѫħ硣
Ѫƣ̬ƽϲ˭Ҳ޷ľʲô
ɴеգȴѹֵ˿ҪϢ
еĴǣ㷲
ãѪ½Ʊ£һ̾ʱ˲ʶľֱʼߡʼ߰ˣһжˡ
į

ԣȴѪ»ִϣһ仰ӶԶӶԶھսĻʱлܻŷѪħ򡣡
ǰ򲢷ûս֮
ҧأԲʡ
ѪûգƱϸϸƷţ˵㳲֮£Σǡסġ
˵ͳԼһѹֵµĺ⡣
ɼˣǻл֮ǰ
˿ڣ˭Ҳľʹ˷ɥ֮Ȯ
Ǻǡ
Ѫ¶һĨŪЦݣ˳ι̣ܱȵùסȫɱĹŻĽ绤֮ǣ
ҪСѰˣľսϣСˣҪô͸Ҫô㣬ֻԹ԰
˶٣Ŀһɨˣֵ£°ɡ
˵գ̧ȥӰһ˵Ĺ¶
ȥ
˽г
ȥģӰ
ѪͷҲأӰʧڴ⣬Ц͸˵ĳŪҲ֪ǳЦԼǳЦˡ
ʧǡ

һ硣
ŻĽ磬֮֮ϣ߿ա
Ѱ껡衢ϸ򡢰³ЦȵȾʥˣԻһ
ԶĹŻǿ㣬ԶԶţǰУ
ׯ࣬ÿ϶дڴ
ˣѹַѾõĹŻӪڽڽչָӪ
ֱһ漣Уǰξ֮Уǲܵ顣
ڽգⲻܵڷˣ
֮ܣӽѩ
ǶĻѪӿ̫ˣ˵ѪޣӵѪĻᡣ
Ż֮裬Ҳʱϴˣ
Ѱ磬ɨȫ³֣


׳־ͳ⣬Ц̸Ѫ
䡫
۷һĿע£ѰһѹƲȥ
ʤ
˴
ʤ
ʤ
ټĻ֮УŮΪߵͣ˿ȫɫ
ؼ䣬¡¡׵ź
ԾͷԶԶǽʧߵĺۣૣ
ŻĵأܣŽսӡжѪ׳ң֣ѣ

硣
һ󣬺һ·裬ƬӪѿصĽ
ϣѰĿ񣬼žʯһ
һ࣬ϰ˸ּζһһڳţɫס
۵ٶȼ죬ֱǰУһ·Ͼûκ
ûãһǳԶƽϣ
ǣ޴Ρ룬ͨѪɫԵޱȴĿ
ӪĻ֮ǣģ󣬳ǽÿһשʯУѪɭ׵Ĺǡ
ǹŻ˵Ѫǣ
ʱΡĻ֮ϣӳɫ࣬ɴ۾š
û뵽ѰˣңһͽĿӪ
ħͷˣ
ɫ䣬ձ
ʲôֻҪס˳ǣҵȾڲ֮أ
ӳһһĨɫԸȥǴ󣡡


1612 
ˣ
ӳһ£ټĻ֮ǣڴ˿㣬йƹ
Ʋ㱬飬ʮԲ
һɿֲޱߵʥӻ֮
ʮ£ڿն𣬸֮£ÿһ½Բ͸ڰ׽ӣá
һأֳһҹͰ໥õϢ
Уǿ߼ˣԳ˿
ǵɷ󡱣ξ֮ڻ֮ܣȺʮλһĵƴʦӳ֣ӵ˽֮ܡ
ǿͿ£ÿһǿߵģ
ʱӳɫҲͲ١
ΪΪһĺᣬԳн
ŵ˵ֻҪسУһھʥȫҲԺ˳Ƿֺ
ԶԶأͣУѰǵӰһ۾ͿһĻ
֪ǻչ罫˳С
տȻڡ
˴ΣһнǾʥˣֻʮϡ٣սУװǿɫ
Ѱɳ޵У
ã̤ƴ˳ǣǡÿԽȫˡ
ϸɱڡ
֮󡣡
˽Ŀ뿴Ϊ׵Ѱϡ
½ңλ԰ꡣ
Ѱڵ
ڹ۲ԶڳǳϿյĻǴ󣬽ݡ
ѰΪʤͿκˣ
ǽϣӳԶԶشɫˡ
¸㣬һһֲãƾǡע޷ֺ
ӳֱڶ벻ͨΪѰһӪΪӳպۣ
˵һҪл֣ڷսʱ㲼ǧֻ»޷Щһһ˵
ѰĲɿڡ
ݴ
лң
ӳŭЦ࣬а׼ժлΣ
ǿѿɲá
ѰһҵǿһһǱл⣬Ҳ˽һЩ顣
ӳһǿеķͺ⣬£
׼۰֪
Ѱ
ӳһʶʲô͵˵ɱǸ׵ˣ
Ѱûзϡ
ʱӳ볹׹ֲãײǹŻ縲ˣĿܻᷢôನۡ
껡ǶһͷˮʲôʱҲ֪׵ˣ
һ˰ڲӣɼƿ˱һа᪵׼۾
Ѱһ
ŻȻ
׾һ籯жһп
ң뵱꣬Żҫ۵ľף˫ɾޣ·ơ
Ϊ֣ò׵ǿ׿
˭룬˱ң
һеף
㲻ϵð᪣ƺ˽ڹŻ飬ͺðˡ
˵仰Ѱ㲻ٶԡ
ʼȫĵݣһǳصʥȻǰƵġ
ѰֻҪܳ󣬱ܿеɱ٣̤У㹻ˣ
ɳϣһʱ󣬾ûݳһȫ·
Ѱüͷһ塣
ѰǷо޴֣˴ζڶֻҪͷˣ
ԶͷϣӳմЦ޿֡
ߣԭŲһҲ޲˿¶֮ɫ
ֵСƺҲûдǰ°
ϽɣҪۣ
˸Ǵг
ϸ򡢰³ǵɫѿЩ飬־
λĪ֮ڣƴ˳ǡ
Ѱ䡣
ֻǣ͵ʱȴһȻڣǰ̤Ʊǣ鷳
ֱѾͷСˡ
ѰһЦǰڣʱԼⲻ˱С
ȻⲢģıʹȻ

ԵȴЩͷˣ̤նӰԡҹ֮⣬һλӺڰ
Сģ
ѰһҪȰ裬ͱϸȵ磬ǰһɱƾʥһ·޿ɵֵֺη
˽Եͷ
Ѱ㵣û뵽е󣬾Ѹߴֵز
ؼ䣬ȻӿֳһĨҹĻī֭ӣԶĻ֮ǸǶȥ
ⲽգ죬ֱǰУУ֪ʱȻһ׹ǳìǻԡ
ڰҹ׹ǻԣеǰأһļµıϢ
ǸŮӣ
ӳһжһĨ˵ĺ⡣

ɫ䣬ɫ԰ס
ǰȫŻӪʱҲвУۼʶĿֲ
ֲϢˡ
ӳһģǵɷڣעÿĵͷѪ
أԶƾһһĨڰ磬ò˼顣
ڱͬʱеİ׹ǳì
˻صؼҹڰ֮⣬ĺȫӿǰ׹ǳì֮С
󡪡
ݺһ
ֻǰȻһ䣬ؼȫǺڰҹǣֳһֹ֮УտããҲ
޾ڰУһްӰϢںڰӿ֣Ӱΰҹе
ǰǻ֮ǲŸոյϥλãԵޱȰС
䣡
ڰеӰ͵һȭɱ
֮ϿգʮȻ⣬ʢѤõԣеֵ
춯ذĺ쳹ضɽҡĿĹ⣬ںڰбŽϯͷųĿֲ
һɲӳյǿ߽Իһ֮ܵǶҡһ¡
ڰ飬ɢ׷ɣҰҲָ֮
ٿԶ֮ǣ֮ǰҡһ£κڳеĴ󣬶ûбƻ
ΨʮˣĹ켣ѭ衣
ǿĴ󣡡
껡ϸǽɫ΢䡣
ղһεȿֲջǱסˡ
ڳͷϣӳյ˱˴˶ӣԳ׷ģɫܣȻסˣ
ԣŮأ
أӳղԾؼ侹ѰٲӰϢѰٲ
ʱҲ쳣ǰȥˣ
ǡ
ѰȻЦˣңңһָԶǣ
̧ۿȥʱ¶֮ɫ
ͼھӳһ˲ԶĳǽϣԭһɺܿһӰ߳
Ȼ
Ӱ޳հ׹ǳìԵǰء
ǳǽϣſɲʥ󣬿ȴڴʱûвĴڣһ㷴ӦûУ
Ҳͬʱӳɫ䣬ӶһģʧУ
ܣ



1613 ܾ
ǳδƣ𣬵ȴƾճڳͷ֮ϣȣ
ⲻ˼һĻӳյ˺ë
껡ϸǣ˿̶Ŀ࣬ҲУô쵽ģ
ΨѰ֮ǰһԿƿֲһٺǴ
һжǻӣĿģǺǴӲǽ˻ᣬ룡
ֻǣѰҲûпʩչǺεصķţ֪سС
ЩֹԼΪͻƣϿ϶ҲһЩ˼飬Żսúȫһˡ
Ѱ˼
Ŀ⣬޷սǳⱾԵúܲ˼顣
ಣ
ϵǣڳǽ֮ۺ󣬲δ᲻Զӳյˡ
ӰһС
ЩͷϵĴǶһ㵡
ãҪȥƻ
ӳ͵ɫ䣬˻𣬡죬ȥ
һӣ˶ˣԥ
ƣ⻤֮ɻصס
죬ΧŮӣ
ɱ
Σ
˻쳹֮Ͽգǿ޲Ȼ궯
˶ǣһеֹͽͣ
ӰһĨڰ⣬ֹޱȣ֮أǿߣȫе
Ϊߵͣ٣ȫУ
񷸩һѪܵѪɫ·ٿȻڳв졣
ԡҹڰеһƥļ⵶һ·Ѫȡ
ҽСŭ𡢾ֵĴпʼڳ쳹ơ
һĻĻѪȵĻ棬ǰǰŻĽ繥򻤵֮ǵǿߣԸеޱȵϤҲޱȵĵ
ǰһŮӣȻһ˶̤ƾʥɱðǿɾ
Уʥ˶ݽ㣬׾ٵĨһ紫˵е޵дڡ
ڣһγˣֻǳӪڵĻ֮ڡ
չɱ¾
ͷϣݵĻҡѪȡҵһĻĻӳջ׹ߡ
֮ǰ˽⵽һսޱǿѰҪ¡
ֻǣԳлʥӳոͲ壬ȴû뵽Ů˾лҪ¡
һ󣬶Ծͬ裬ټĻ֮ǣ֮
ܡܰ
ӳ˫Ŀʧ񣬳з죬ڼ
һ̣ȴȻ֣û˴Ϊ̣ԼȥŮӶԾ
⡣
ϴӳдѰݣû뵽һˣӵƾֵ
ٿϸ򡢰³ǣҲһľ̾
˾޵У
ѰһжϣӦûƿŲ˼طţǴķ
λ׼Ƶ˳ǴҵȾɱȥ˴˳ǣ
ϸУɱӿ
Ҳɱڡ
ս¹Ż˵ѪᡢޣһԶΡۻĻ֮ǣ˶֮Ѫ˶֮ǣ
ѪԵ֮ѩ֮
䣡
ûãǸڻ֮µĴȻҲ֮µʮ£ڴ˿̲ҡ
Ůֲ̫ҵȸסȥģȫˣ
ô죿Ůƻһûˣǡǳˣ

ӳնǧֻĲӬҽУӳķңĪĻ
ˣ
͵̧ͷ˻ȣѪɫˡ
˻һ
ӳռǿסĵĽͲ
ֻǣʱ˿̣ȴ֪˵ʲôãҵɫһĨ˵Ȼ
ӪһĵӣâɣڸȺףսӦչâХƵ̨
ڣȴȻ֣սȴһڣҪӵеһжͣ
δйĴܸУ糱ˮӿӳͷڳͷĹˣãã
С
С
һڶ֣ҲУ
һξ֮ҪתǹŻӪȫʤ
뵽⣬ӳԺظֳѰӰͬʱĿҲԶѰϡ
һ˲䣬ĿѣɫĻܵһзŭȫڴ˿̱
Ѱ㣡顪
˻ۿѣɽӣ̹ǵĺŭƽԾ
Ѱɫڵǿһ֮䣬ʧȥ̣ݾʱҲһֵøûʲô𡣡
ϸǶЦˡ
ӳǳܲסڷ衣
䣡
أǳؾ𣬴ҡΣĽƲԾ˵ٶţ񱻴ƵƤ©ˡ
磬һϰɣ
ӳѩֻ̲
ϣ
ӳ͵ػһŤͷȥͼѪɺӣĲҳ
˳ǡܲסˣ
дﱯ
⻤֮ǣξ֮񣬿ȴҪлٵ
ĶڵѪʹ
ˣԸȥɣӶǶ١
ӳʧȥȫȻ֡
磬أ
ӳѩ󾪣оЩԾ
˳ǽƣһк湶⣬ӳմӽֻ¾ͽΪǧˡ
ӳɫҵȥҲᱻָ¹ұ𣬵һ𡣡
˵⣬ɫºͣӳѩ򣬵ãһ뿪ɣս֮ܣһ絣֮
Ҫһ𣡡
ӳѩۿ죬ſǻ
ȥɡ
ӳջ˻֣һʥվӳѩߣƾС
ӳѩԺҪΪұѰܶԿģǧҪɵ¡
ӳɫƽ͵ضĿһԶȥջĿ⣬ɫ䣬һƬȻ
䣡
ڴʱƵĺ֮µʮ£һը飬ͷ׵Ĺ
ˣ
ټĻ֮ǣױ¶֮䡣
ӳһڳͷƮ裬ɫƽ֮ƶԴȻ
Ӫһǿ߶ɥ֮Ȯ˷ӴܣÿһɫţҲ
˭Ҳû뵽ǽ󾹻ô챻ƵÿһԸеΪ˻Ҳòӣ
ҲľУѰһƾնÿһԺϵɱ
ӳսң͸λˡ
Ѱ䣬´
ߣ
޳ɣϸ򡢰³껡衢Цһˣͷĳǡ
ѰƮȻͷϣĿӳգ㸰ս˵ƴԼʯ٣
ӳɫľȻ㲻ҿ˽ڰ᪵Ϣ𣬶Ҳһսˣ͸㣡



1614 չ
ѰӳƬ̣ͷӦá
ӳ̤նӰƾ
һ̵һˣ磬֮ɫһɨգ糹׷еһС
Ѱһ˿ɫӳյľԲɱ䣬˶һˡ
Ǿ
֮ǰĴܺʹѰǿߣֻѱ֧Ųסˡ
ӳȴܹش£ľĥиһԵúܲ򵥡
֮ǰһ޵У֮ͬУһ˿ҷۣսҲֻ𡢽峾Щӡ
ӳƽڣڣҳˣĶ֣ˣԼ
챾ģ縡ƣ
ϲ
ѰӰƮȻ֮ϣֻ˵׵̫ˡ
ԶǳУɱ죬ϣѪ¾һĻĻ档
껡ϸǵִ£Щǿ߼޷赲޲ŷɥӴܡ
һУ޷ӳյĿֱѰŵϦӡ
˵գӰһչ۷ɣϵһһںڰ׷ĵǰ
һ˲
ȥ
糱쳹֮ϣһڵӳʱؼ䣬ҹͰת棬ֽܻХ
ǣڰ׻
һ֮ƿɽӣǽ޵Ĵǡ
ѰӰ˿ָһ
ৣ
һ̫ӳһڰ֮ɫһڵɡ
ӳ΢΢һΣһ巢⣬䱳ӳֳһͷǬӰ˫ӳ硣
ͣ
ӳ̤ǰ˫ֺ£һӡ͵سǰһ̡
䣡
ԭ˵һڵӰ֮ϣٿȻ
򵥵һȴв赲֮â
ѰһĨɫӳҲ̤żһĻ򣬿ƾ޾ס
ϧɲ
𣡡
̫ӿ˴ݺύΪһɭϺĽ
춯صײƱң·ΡʵĳǽȻ
ۣ
ӳһؿȳһɺѪ˵Ĺ⡣
ڷսʱѰʵǿһأ
㲻У˵ڰ᪵ҿԸһϵ
Ѱڱ˳Ʈҷһɣɾ

ӳ͵һȣͷӲӣ巢⣬նϢѹȵùѱ
һΣֵɱһȼյĹ⡣
Ѱһ
һƴ
˽һһһ֮УǻϢⷽض
Ѱ붼û룬ָΪֱ̳ͬ
ৣ
һӳƥȥ޻أ
һ̣һŻȻ䱻飬ƥĽϯʮ֮عѣɽ
ټĻ֮ǣӲݿһ룡
ۣ
ϣӳ߷ݰ㣬ݺݵɳȥڱѪŴȻһѪܵĿض
ѰӰֻǻ˻Σ졣
ӳסӰҿţһӣ̾ѰڣŻ֮ң֮ڣ֮
ͷɢѪɫɷ͸Ǳֱ糤ǹ
Ѱ䣬ϲ
֮ԴӦͶԷƽһսǳͬͣΪ˵õ᪵
ӳգһ˲õľֵѰ;ء
࣬ı죬˻ھУԲ١
֮ǰҾǰ˵ʱ򣬹ŻǾһףֻܸ׳Ƴ
ӳ㱡ɢڴ֮ǰҸͲŹ£ΪŻ̫˰ͺñȽµϣĴ𣿡
˵⣬һνĿ⿴ѰڣŻ̫ˣѰ˴ιŻӪذɣ
Դƽйߣֻڳһʵ
ǵģ´˴ιŻӪʤӳУŻ磬ԶԶ
Ѱɫƽֻ֪᪵
ӳմǳ鴤һ£¶һĨԳҲԣʤܿܣȻˣ͸ϡ
᪣չڡԪ֮һսڱ߽ս׼۾Ϊ
ӳյĴ𸴡
˵ӳ¶һĨĹ󣬡ĵ̣Ժ̤׼۾ʱɽ᪻ɱҵܲסչڵŭ𡣡
ŶѰüëһ
ӳЦˣ֪϶ţԺͻףչһֲˡ
˵գ̧ͷ˿ɫɫȻ
ãĿ¿Ѱɫǲϲ޲Ѱ¡㲻
ԽԽͳҲûϢ
ˣ֮ͦϣɱֱϢѾϨ
ѰһĻ룬һӡ
䣡
ϣѿһɲĴӡ
Ϊˣзǣ˵һϵգ㽫ڴˣΪ
Ѱ˵ʱһεɢӳյʬţǵ´С
󣬽ӶΪһªķڣǰϿ̡ӳ֮Ĺ
磬ΪλҪΪڣ
ϸ֪ʱأһ⡣
ǺǰĲͬ
ѰڵѴӦһϵ
̧Զ
֮ڣսѾӽβǾǲơٻļһѪˮȾķ֮ء
ûã³껡½أÿһɷźʹ֮ɫ
սˡ
ټĳǳأһЩ˵ȣԱ¾һգ
ʹ죡ʹ죡ж۳ɳˣ
³С
ǧﲻҵɱУһսӪǱҸȼĿܡ
΢ЦɫҲü֮С
ʱͼѰڿնϥڸ߿֮ϣׯϣ
ǡ
һɢűϢĺѰӿ֮쳹ؼ䡣
һ䴿ۣƮ¡
ÿһԾӨɴķܻɣһյ֮ƣָؼҵ·
Ǵؼžصķţն֮
ʲô
ɻ
˵̤Ƶ֮УҪЩ˵źȫȥΪ
ϸһɫһĨ⡣
ǸƲУׯϵӰ޲ݡ
һʱ䣬ؾţΨһ쳹㴿Ʈĳǳ⡣
һ죬ѰһڹŻӪǿߣ绤֮ǣ¾У̤Ӫȫʤ
뿪Ѱһ˲δعŻӪͣ㣬ֱɱ֮Ѫħ硣
ѪħӪ



1615
Ѫħ硣
ѰԣʵΡ
սʱͱŲƵĴ˵أҲɭĵ¹УѰһپ۳ʥ
ֻǣһǰѪħһ˷ǵûκ赲˵ӰӶû
ֱִѪħӪĻ֮ǰѰһ˶ס
ûˣ
ټĳǣտյ壬˵ӰˣһֻӬûС
ģѪߵ̫˰ɣ
³Ŀɿڴ
һ֮䰡Ȼսˣ
ϸ
˶⣬Щ⧲
ΨѰ˽Ѫ£һǺεȽС΢ֲǺıԵĽɫ
ҲֻŻӵɴ䣬ˮͲʲôǺϣ֮
һʱܽӪǿ߶ߣֶʵ˲á
껸п
Ҫ׷𣿡
轫Ŀ⿴Ѱ
ˣȽӪһһˣϸѲҲ١
Ѱ룬շ
Ѫħܴ󣬵һҪѰȻķѴʱ;
ûãѰȡͬİ취һѪħеĻ֮ǻٵжѻĹŻŹһһȡء
ڵ죬뿪Ѫħ磬̤ǰ̡

硣
Ļ̻̣Ʈҡ
ܣǬڷսսһж꣬ӪɳޱȵĴ
ȺףԪˣټӪǶҲ
ѰǵִʱԭЩӪǿ߻ͼǴ赲
˭룬ĳ֣һɱУǰӪһĻĻ
ܿ죬ưܣǿ߶ʱҳһš
һʱɱ˳ҲѰһ̤ƣɱ֪ĵˡ
Ѫʬ˶˵档
գֻһСǿ߽ߣҲѳ
磬һȥ
³δؿѰ
ɱһ䲻
Ѱ
һӪѪħӪӪ½ƵϢȥӪƱػᾯ֣Ҫôȫ䱸ҪôĶӡ
һǵж谭
ԣϢ֮ǰɱȥܹ𵽡䲻ľЧ
ȥģ
˽ܣշתӪ֮̾أɲеκƣ
ڸ·;Уںڽʱʱ̵̿
ɣ磡
Ѱ³֡

ڤ硣
ҡ֮֮ڡ
ΪͻƣܸΣϮ֮ǰ˳ʥڣȥѰţ
ˣոմϢӪ̤ƣǳΪ棬ӳҲѰɱ
һ;ʧ룬չصĴ
ৣ
Ȼɫ΢䣺ʱ飿
Ʋ⣬ʱǰ
Ͳ
죬սŸĻգӪͱѰһǿ߹ƣӳնˣֲ̫
֪峾ˡǬʯƺˣľսУֻѪ¡ӳպλš
ʧȥӪԣӳڵӪҪǿһЩ
ƫƫأӪȴǵһ̤ƻٵģ
ѰǼˣ
ɫմӷսغͲƲԣƲѰȻȡж
ǣԥڤӪȫһȫ䱸
ȴû뵽һ죬Ѱͳˣ
ӳһӣǾͨһƾ令֮ǵĴԲһַˡ
ζţʥҲ赲ѰӵĲ
ɫ粻
ʶԭҲϣڻ֮ǵԱǱڤӪһǿߡ
ڿķ϶ˡ
ˣմϢѪħӪһǿӣǳأȥѰһ̤ƣ
أһҴ߽һ仰ӵɴһŵģ
ʶʵѪأûнеֿ
ҡͷûУ̽ҹѪ¾ǶӣѪħӪǿҲߡ
һ͵һǰϣƿڴѪ£ֱǸСķһǺ϶Ҫˣֱɳ֮
ܻ
ѪȻֱѡˣǵھֱ֮ˣ
ܲ˵ǣȶ۵飬ȻΪܣ´ӪǿҲӣֱǳײҪˣ
ǰʱôͺֻɫһλСڤ˾Уɳܣ̫ɳˣ
޷ˡ
ǰӳ䣬ӪܵجĴأžʹѪħӪĶӵϢס
ֱãŽ侲ԽԽϾˣѰСȻ϶ʹ˰֣ǽ緢Ϣһʲô紵ݶصһʱҡ
˵գʼ
Ϊͻƣƴһ£ܷѰɱ֮ǰԼʵ
ֻǣʱϢٶȴ
ӪҲˣѪħӪһ֮ǱΪƽأ㡣
ʲô
𵴣͵ңܵѪ
̶̲ʱ½Ӫ̤ƣѰѵҪ˻ᣬһɨƽҵӪ
Ĳ֮ɫ
ÿһ֮ǵɱʥڣƺĶѰûã
ңѰٶҲ̫Ѹͣ籼ףһ·ݿ࣬κ˾ĺ
ȥȫǽ䱸ս׼
ҧ´
ǣ
ȥ
һǣ񲻶
ǰӪ˭ὫŻУ
һжˣ
ĹŻǿߣ޷赲ĺˮޣӪ˷
ľ֮Уֱǲ顣
ˣ޷ȫԸһѪս
һŬ񣬼
ǣյجȴûоͷƵģŹʱִϢ
ɣ򱻹ˣǳΪ棬
֪Ϣһ̣ŭ֮£Ѫ
վ̲סΪʲôΪʲôľ֮ҪʱܾʤһΣſʱ䰡
ʱ
ϢӪ𡭡
ˣû˼֮£Ļ߻ħ
⣬ҹĻˮˡ
ֻͷѹ֣ŷƣ߳˵ӭ磬Ŀ⿴Զҹɫ
½һһӪجģҲԥˡ
òټȥ
ѵҲҪѧѪһֱǶӣ
뵽⣬ҧ飬ܵһǰδеıơ


1616 ʤ
ҹɫ
ڤӪڵĻ֮ǣȴƻֻͨȴѹޱȡ
˵
ÿ϶д˽šͲ
ǰ˵ŻӪǿʱֻᵱһЦ
Ѫħ𡢾衭һӪجĴֻһо
־壡
һʱ䣬Ѱһǿ̤һӪͥɨѨĹƣκ˿ֻš
£ڤӪǿߣֻܽϣϡ
ֻû֪˿̵Ǻεơ尾
ҹɫԽԽˡ
һڴǰƾɪҹŨīڰڡ
ã̾˿
ѣѣ·ڣ
νĹãȻ
̧űˣһ˵Ȼ¶֮⣬ӿͷ
ϧ꣬ǳ꣬Ӣ̣

ҹУһߴҴҶɫأ޹ӪҲ̤ˡѰϽԾ޶ܣټ󻤵֮ǣΪ档
ɫľȻȻЩѪˡ
һﲢǵСѿ͸ڷսĻսעһѰĶ֣
Ѫħ𡢶ɣ衢ޡֻʣǺɷӪˡ
ૣֻһ˵֮ţ޲ʲôҲܣʲôҲˣֱһ֮
иһǰݼ
أ˴ҴҶϢ
һ㶣͵ѹĿ˵ǹ
ûãһȺŮӰӿ޲ǱڤͷƲ
ֻǣÿһüԴ֮ɫ
Ҳ²£ڴ˵ʱǰòǴĳһػ֮ǰɣ
ĿһɨˣвõԤС
ɫһͣЩڨڨ
ӣ¾ƣѵΣֵʱ̣ҵ֮󣬽Ϊһʱˡ
һ뷢԰׵Ľ߳ڡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ŶΪ
ɫһ䵭Ѳ³һЩ࣬вӿֳһɱ
Ѱ磬ɨϣ̶һ̤֮ӪԶ϶ò˶ãɷӪҲƱػƣֵ֮ʣҵȡҵȡ
˵Щ㣬˵
˵ˣâԶ˳ǣԱȫ
˽ԵͷҺĿӣȻѾĬˡ
ҹˣ絶̹ǡ
Ȼһ˵ͷƵÿҪը
ҲӦǻΣ
˽ԾĬӦ
⣬Ҳʵûش
ˣȻ߬˫ֱ֣ѿҪƲסĵķ
սˣ裡
Թ֮УڤӪֹȡŷɥսľƣ
һѰһȺŻǿ߰滹δЩһĵӣ
޵һͷ㵹
Ѫ£ľ䣬İǡҲ޷ȳޱȵ顣
ǡôģ
ãǿסĵŭмųǵĺ⡣
˻һգԳĬش
ǵģ
Ǿģ
£ŻӪ޵Укɨս֮ƣ֮Կ۵ݺҲ
ûԸûԸ⽫ս
һĻȻӳա
ǵһ̤ƽӪʱӳûѡ˱ܣѡȥѰӲ
Ϊô
ѵ

İǡϲôΪЦǧˣָ
ϧҼѪµı֮Ҳӳյĸ֮ģȴֲʣ븰ȴ̰
ɫ
źѹˡ
ӣʱȣ˴ʱܱٳ£ȫһ֮䣬ϣ
ҧڡ
ӵϣ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
һ̣𳹵ĺĪ仰ĺ塣
߰ɣ߰ɡ
תƾԶҹա
£ɺ
ЩڤظƵģ̧ͷ˿˵ûж˵ʲôתˡ
ͷԷɣ
ֱɢҹɫ£ͷٿȻ仯ѩİɫ
Уֻʣ¿նȻ
ʮأޣһɧϲѷκˣĹ˼磡
ͷڴˣεӰֻڰڼټɽӣ˿кޣ

͵أ˻һǻΡɽХҹ֮й
ȫǽԾ
֮أûӰ
һҹڤ֮һڤһʧأȥ
֮ˡ
һҹڤԻ֮ڣǲ̶ֻӵӰÿһԻ̻ɥ֮Ȯ
ۿ¥ۿͣۿ¥ˣ

ʱѰһˣ˱ڤ绤֮ǰ
ֻǣȴһճǣĿɪ⡣
ģҲ˱ӣѪһսˣ
ϸĿࡣ
Ҳһ㱡
һʱ䣬շתսأɨϣ̤һǣһӪ
һ·߸ͽ
ǲܵ飬һѪΣԵǰ㲻ʵ
ڣһһˣ
ֱ̤ɷӪִⱱڤӪǰһ·ϣԶһַµ״̬
һʱ䣬ɨƳУŭ罭⣡
ǰξ֮У顣
ϲˣվԽӸλߣǿߣԽ̰
껸п
ǡӮˣ
ɫ㱣š
Ӯˣ
˽Եͷ
̤ƽһѩǰ˳ܡ
ڴµѪᣬڽյñ
ЦЦԽսҹŻΪ𣡡
ӮˣӮˡ
Цдᡣ
ᣬǿΨ˲ŶãһʤǶô֮ס
Ѱûж˵ʲô̤ն֮£ɫ񾲣ׯϣжնȷ
տȻƵǧټĳǸǡ
ׯ࣬ѰͬЩ޷ƽ
ʱգںɨ֮Ӫƽһ֮ǣѰԣܲο
һȻǧշ磡
ΨսһĻĻɱŶãԹŻӪԣһʤǺεȲһ㡣
Уߺ޹ͷճͷ
УΨһֱǣһϮۣñգҹڰ֮ԡ
ŻӪʤΣ
ؼ䣬ΨѰһˡ
ˣ
һ죬ѰһڹŻǿߣշתؼ䣬ư֮Ӫδ֮ʤ
ʷ˭ʤˣ



1617 ɧֻһ
ţڹŻӪš
ѾһȥˣйŻǿ߶ڳеȴţ֪緢һС
Ծڳͷ˿ƮҷӰ޳񻡣
ͬҲڵȴš
ϣʥĹ
ۣ߼۶ҰнԾԭŵҲƽ
Уҫ۵Ĺ
ˣ
һ޷ɡܡϲ糱ˮ㣬ӿԾͷҲ֮Цݡ
һĨ飬ڳԵøġ
ˣ
֮Уһޱȵľ
ǶˣεӰ׷쳤˲ӣѹƲԲ
ϣѰϸ򡢰³껡˼һĻʱһЦľҲܵȾ

һ죬ŻӪ䶯ڰӪƽϢ籩йŻǿ߳Ϊ֮𺳡
Ӯˣһξ֮ǹŻӮˣ
˿Цڽͷϣϲ
кܣյѩʹ죬̫ʹˣþ
˼
ءʦ֣ʦ㣬Ȫ֪Ŀˣ
أʹ顣
һתսɳأһʦǰ˹صʷΪǣ
˿߸衣
緶һ֮콾֮δУΨǰһ˶
һ֮ƽһеУŽʥͰɧֻһˣ
ڳǳ𣬾ò
ѰۣԺ̾Ƴ硢Ⱥ;
˭֮ӿѰ޹ŻӪյĴʤ
һ·Ѫɱѹһ˳
Χ³ǰ̸Ц¾һڵУ
ºϴУݺ˭
սȺ꣡

Ѱϣ̫Ӻն¼ÿһ£һ˾̾漣

һҹѰڴｻЦﲻϡ
Цܼأ
ֱ賿ʱһڱѲɢȥ
ͥԺʯǰڸյñƿ¶һԾ£ضӡ
ԾѣƳһĻʱ¶֮ɫͷһ˿𺳡
̫ˣ
ڶ⣬پµϲԵѰһ˿覴á
ǣݣüī񾲡顢䣬һϮۣӳĵǼ֬ƵİӨ
ԾԺһ仰˼мˣһ˳ǣٹ˹
ѰҲ͵ؾʮ겻ѾͷȻѳһλͤͤľˣ
ģȥ
عԾתȥֻǵԼ䣬ȴЩƽ
ǰֻһ±¡׵ŮԾУҲһֱðĽɫ
ɾڽȴһʶѲǴǰʱ꣬ˡ
ԾѶΪ֮Ĳ޺𺳡
ԾѶţϾһˣΪŮ˵̲סԲλ֮С
һֱòĻĸΪ֮㵹
ڴǰԾипʼգûҪȥʲô
ΪѰУһðĽɫӺ֮ǰ˾Ϊ顣
ԾȴЩҿ϶ˡ
ԾȻʧЦԼôˣûʧģΪ̫ںˣ
˰ˣֻҪұá
ãԾѲૡ
ͥԺУѰţƴʱͷһƬƽ
ѰȻ뵽ÿһκһԼͲٸеκһ˿ķգҲκ
оؼ䣬ֻʣˡ
ѰҿҪ뿪ˡ
Ȼڣ峺ƽƵö
뿪
Ѱһ
˵ͷԣЩ꣬һֱںڰսսмɱ䣬ΨǰЩʱ򣬲ӵ뿪ڰ
㣬ΪܲϢڣԱˣ㰲ȻҾͺܸˣţҲЩһˡ
峺ȪˮƵҹɫ쳹
ѰкȻӿһ˵ϧЩʲô
ѰĬƬ̣ΡҪȥ
һ˵ս޼תΨһĵط
ѰһʵԲȥģƾ϶ί
治ٶȥսˣ
ҡҡͷɱ֪һЩ飬йأҲйأһҪúǿǿſԡ
Ѱüͷһ壬ԼокЩԾͷ·ʲôգʹòȫԸȥǿ
գܺԼйأǺйأ
ʲô£Ѱ̲ס˳
ĬƬ̣˵ݣ󣬴ãǰ·ǧɱ٣һ˶
ѰԺкһ£׻˲𣬵׵۹ʱ̨λϼ˾˵ƵĻ
ֻǣϼ˾ĻУɱһ˵
ѵʲôԤף
㡭Щ
죬Ѱǧѣ˽֮;£˭Բɱ⣬ѡ·ֻӭѶϱˣЩɲأΪ˶ʹԼȥϲ顣
˼£ϲϲҼȻ֪ˣһҪ㻯⣬ҵ
ѰüҿɴӲ
ʣΪΪֻԸһҵ磿ңҲֻԸΪһ˺ãģҶںҲԸں
ѰģĬãȻһ̾ɲΪңѡ£
ҡͷУѰ㲻˵ô̸ֻ֮ʱ뿪Ժҿ϶ҪԶߵġ
Ѱһʱ֪˵ʲôá
ŭ
ôΪá
ˣ
һҲûУ
Ѱ΢ĩѳɾսн޵аĴڣʥУ԰Ⱥס
ڣȴЩ飬Ϊ
磬ȥ⣡
ΪҲǿ𣿡
Ѱૡ
ʥ̸ǿ𣬻޷赲ͻԵġһ١
ǳѰ˵Ѿǿֻкܶ飬ֻ
˵飬㻹ԶҲãӵ㹻ʱ׼ӦԵֶΡ
̸ˣѰף־޷ı䣬ͷһȻ
ǿ󵽺εȵزΪԼ£뿪
Ϊʥ
ߵ۾
͵أһ˵Ѱͷ
ת۾˵гһգҶҪ㲻뿪Զ
ú覴õϸֳһĨЦ⡣
ЦݣõһĨ⣬ҹɫﶼʧɫ


1618 Ѱ
һʱѰ뿪֮ǣھսС
ɽӼ䣬Ƕ¡
һ·ϣѰ׷һ£ЩѼĺóԵġġ˼Ķȫó
ѰЦõǣΨֻϲԣЩģ˼ıһ¶ûС
ңϲĻǳ⣬ġըġġġ˵ġġеġֻҪ⣬߲ܡ
ѰпܳǸ
Ļһ٣ذѰһ࣬żѰ̲ס붺һȴܱһֿɶͯĿܡ
ÿʱѰڨڨȻȻЦֻǰԼŻ㡭ɡ
һһƣһ·ңΣٯмˣ
ϧõĹ⾰Ƕݵġ
ºվҪ뿪ˡ
Ѱһ
Ǻ뿪ʱһһΣҲ濪ڡ
ȥɣȥɡ
ѰҲ뿪ˣƺ«ֵ
ȴӵѰ޳ļһ翵
ѰһţΨһ̶Էͻʧ
ҪȢҲԣȴҡ
Ȼ䲻ڣѰȻɫһ£΢΢鴤
ȻָԾѡ
ֻѰȴû뵽ڵ¡
ã
˼Ƭ̣ѰҪھһԣ
̧ۣѰԾԾԵɫôż
ѰʱΣǾ´ΰɡ
˺Ƽظֳһ˰׹ǳìһ̣Ѱɱ
򵥵޻ڡ
ѰУһìȴУԴһУƾԼܣҲ޷â
Ǹо٣ìǵìڣìˣ
ʱһɲޱȡ
Ѱͫɱĥսܣһ˲һӦ
ˣ
Ҳڴʱǰһнʧ棬ìڣԶȻС
Ѱ̾ѳ׶϶ڴ˾޵У棬Լϣʤϣ
߹˵Ҫô
ⲢҫȴѰЦαʱɱɱ
һǰǵСϺȻ¶һЦݣѰЦЦһɰ
ЦЦ˭Ѱһ㶡
һ̣Ϳ򣬳һֻȭͷСëֳһǳǳķۺɫСӣһ
С촽һЦ¶һԾӨѩ׵ޱȻ
ѰȻ˵Լһֻۺɫһɰ
ȥŻȺ۸ο
ȴЦݲãŪżϵķɫСã㿴ЦЦЦɰ
ɫСúϵ죬Цţ֨֨֨ɫСϹȥ
ŮӰͤͤʳ˼̻ӣٻ¶õЦݡ
ҲʱѰźȻ֣ǿһݵɾ红ӰƷԡ
ֻǣ¶
һʱ䣬Ŵ˿̻ŻáϢѰɫҲһĨ㱣
ˡ
ûãɴˡ
ӲˮԸ
УӰԽԽԶϣɫСЦţӶСצӣڳѰ
ѰһĻҲ̲סЦˣ˻֡
һڰŻ֮ϣӰУʹʧ
һŻȴӾսطȥľһĵط
Ѱ䣬һȺڰŻ
庣֮뿪ʱҲǽŻС
ֻǣѰȴڴ˿̲ŷ֣һȺڰŻεȲ򵥣

ˡ
ԹŻӪԣ˲һЩпδʲôĶ
Ӫˣ㣬ҲùŻӪõ˿ƺķսƷ
ЩսƷһһ˷䡣
ûвսԾѵˣҲֵһݡ
СС졢ǣҲջ
УջȻѰΪԭһսƷҲͳͳ
ѰֻһԼõʥͲһİ
в󺱼ʥ챦
ˣдġҩ䡢ص䡢ġ飬ʤ
ԹŻӪԣֻʣ¡
һ׷ΧЩܸصĲν˽ʣ׷ܣɹѧ
ԴˣԵɨҶᡣ
£껡Ϊ죬ͳԦŻӪǿߣѾʼж
ڶѰپ۳ʥĻԵ
֮Ļһʱ䡣
һУвٵؾսУУһЩơԪšӵо۳ʥԵؾ
ڹŻӪвӵо۳ʥʣȴṳ̂ʥǿߡ
򽻸˴ϸ򡢰³
Ѱһвˣ˼ϡ
Ļ֮ǣѿǿ󣬿ɾϴεİַѰʶô˳Ժ࣬ԶԶ
º
֮ǻȻһ£ɫĳǽһȻ֮ͨ紫˵ʥܾ֮ء
£Ѱڡľ󡱻ϣģ¹һȫʥС󡱡
ܹܻܹ֮֮ŰǧɾɱУĪ⡣
һ˳ڰǧ֮أҲػֲܵľ֮Ķ̰塣
ңǳؾһɺʥ֮£ҲԽԽι̡
֮һǣһʥڴУʵֻԽԽߡ
һУѰ׷飬ھ֮Ļǰ
Ҳһ죬Ѱ뿪˻֮ǡ
εƶޡ
һ籦ʯĺǰѰϥںϣֳһƵͣ࣬һƤƺ«ڴ̬С
̲٣ͷ죬ҰĿ
һ
Ѱ飬Ժͷȫޣ̺ϣ˿

ѰʧտҲһ˿

һֻѤʵƮȻѰë𣬻Ȼ֮أһ
ʮ
Ѱŵ͵һ

˵һĻ֣ռǧĶΧĺ嫺һϸ˿ߡ
ˮߣܿڰУһ޴͸ˮ·쵵Ĺ
ˮУͷ׵ɳʯҡҷ˵ˮݣҲгȺӴ߮Ⱥ
ټĺգȴûһκˮ䣬з˺ֵسҰС
ң˵ĸоӦУһزһ˵Эϡ
ѰһĻȴü

һ̣أһʧ
Ѱſյͣ૳һ˿Ԩңްȥ޹ҰľȻ֮ʣϧľٳȻҵȴ޴á
˷Ѱ
˵գѰ𣬸ڱ̤ȥ



1619 
Ѱʥ⣬ܵһʺԼʥš
ǰδСһǿȴѣ
ѰһԸڵ;Ͻ͵ˣȻҪԵ׷󼫾֮
һ·ĵ;ϵ֮ٹδ֮;
Ψˣڵ;޵У
ӵ֮ģѰҲϲӵн֮ɾ͡
ʱѰһ·ؼ䣬ʱ䡢ʱʱɽ󣬶תơ
˹˰¡
Ѱ֪䣬ѾعŻĽ磬Ӱڻ֮ǰ
ȴȻֹھǽǧ֮ס
ЩУ˳ֳһ֡л㱴ޣ컯С״̬
֪ϦϦ಻֪εأԻȻȴ
ҲǴʱ˿̣Ȼ
ϥأѰ飬Ժиֳһ·еһĻĻ˼Ȫˮӿ֡
̨һ֣ڤ
ףҪʲô
ͷϣһЩ⡣

ųƿڣѿѰ˿̵״̬Ϊһֶ֡
˾޵·
껳Ծ
ҿСӵͼıܴķȻǹһһ޵з򣬶ϲܻһֱӵڲſʼ֡
䡣
ֻףǺεͺ嫣಻֪˶Ծŵľš
ǲ֮ӣ
Щ˵츳ھǧţΪӡһʥӵкɨ޵֮ƣ޿ɱȼ硣
Щ˵ѪԹϵ𣬸һھŵѪ츳ݣԶȺס
Щˣ˶ӵ壬ϴУХơ
Щˡ
ǣİͬе޵֮ãԵ֮κۺ졣
һȣҲ
ڴѰĵ;Щ֮ӻһģǡǰδУѹš
콾ѹ죬Ⱥ׵ģûм
֪̫ʱϹʱǽ£˻ѹһ£Ⱥס
Ҫ콾Ըףǲܵ飡
Ѱܷ쵽һ֪ȴѰģһܵ·
뵽⣬жпһͲӢţزۣ
䣡
ѰӰϿգӿֳһΰƥʥ֮࣬ȭ춯أ³٣ľ
ǿɲȭǣƣ˷ɫ䡣
һ̣֮ǿ߶ΪǵϮϾǵ̫¡
ɵѰķݷ޲Ŀɿڴڣܵһѹȡ
Ǿʥˣľȭֱ̫ͣԶԶţëȻ֮С
ܿ죬ʥһ䣬һͷ
壬֪мɳ̽ڤ֮ϣʢĵϴ䣬ÿһۣӡصķܵơ
زŲ·ףǬɲѹ֪ٹŻǿ߶ҪϢ
껡ЩʥˣʶѰǿȵز
֮Ԫնָ̫ؼž
Ҳʱ˲֪Ѱݷ
ÿһַо춯֮ɶ컯֮ƣֲһ˲ڣʥ˶޷ĳ̶ȡ
Ϊǵȷݴ֮ڣھף粻޷еİأ
ҲǿڹĦУò
ǿֻѪѹòѪٲǿȥĦ
ǵȵܲ꣡
ʱţ˺ѰӰϿգʥԽԽΰҲԽԽֲһλ䣬ǣ֮ƣжѤõĵ⸲ǡ
Լ䣬ʥоħХ쳹һ֮Ʈءϼ㴹䡣
ɫĵ֮ߵÿһ޵ľУ¡¡ݡ
±϶䣬ʶǵҲз޵ķң־Ҫҡͱ
˺Ȼ׷˱ܡ
껡ЩʥˣҲתǿѹסľϵĶ
ǵɫǴһĨ𺳡
ͨڵ֮ܵ̫ʥж飬عͣʵãԲǿȥĦע亦
Ŀƣ૳Ҳо֮С
ǰؼʥ࣬Ȼ꣬ÿһ꣬һž飬һƪ£ؼӲӷ⣬ֱ嶷ţ
ҲڴʱϥصѰſһ
糤ˮ
¡
Ĵƪ¡һҳҳӲӷľ飬ڣȫӿѰڡ



1620 
һҳҳƪ糱ˮӿѰڡ
ܿ죬ţػָ֮ǰ
ԶͷϹ˶鲻Խ˿
ղһĻĻֱ̫ף
ʱѰڣ쳹֮洫ݷ
һֵѰѭȫǺƤĤ֮ء
ѰϵϢҲ֮Խϲã֮֮Դͷһ¯ں
ۣ
ֱﵽһֿǰԲزѰɣʼ޷
¡
һ˲л貵Ĵģڻһܻһ¯
Ϊ¯⣬컯ΪΪ̿⣬Ϊͭ
ʱѰԼΪ¯
񷡢̫ˮ𡢲ȴΪ
ԾΪ̿
㷨Ϊͭ
ԴΪһһ¯֮
ɰٴӺ˴󣬵һһǧţ׷ԴȻջΪġһ
ЩѰʱݡվҪһԡ򷨡ķţ
ʱڣһغ¯֮֮ȫС
ԺУĵ뷨Խ࣬¯ܾͻ֮ԽԽǿ
ֻǣ֪ѡ
һ¯Ǽ򵥵飿Թ񣬶йȷ˼ĵ
ڣѰ죬ΪԼġҲ͵Լġ
֮ˣѰҰĲӵеĴ̫࣬ͬʱޱȻӣ޷רһ
ڣѰ֮Ҫһзŵİȫһ¯Ϊһ
硰һΩΩһİһ
ֻǣʵ̫ˡ
ָ̫ȥ޻ءʥȵȴУһֲһһϴУ
Ѱ׽аس͸ҪЩһ¯Բܼܺ򵥡
ܵǰδ֮޹Žܴ֮ӱ
ѹһͬڴ˾г޵У
ǿأϷ
䣡
ڣ̿ȼգܻΪ¯㷨
ֻǣÿһַŽԻɬޱߣʱʱʱޱȵĳͻвͻᡰ¯ٵɼ
ҿ¯Ѱ츳ΪСﲻ̣ﲻݡܣʱΣյĳͻͷɡ
Ļ뷨˴˳ͻκ޵߻ħж
ŵ˵ѰôҲûʲô
ʱƶʶ˼˳ڵУȻҡ
ʱţҴǰ¹ȥ
һʱ䣬Ѱϥڳǧ֮أһܡ
֮е޵ߣʼ𺳡ȻϰһĻ
ڴ˹УԾѡСС첻һֱػѰߣΨʲôŵ
껡衢ǣ޷ʲôҲ޷жϳѰ˴εţھļա
һº
ѰɿȻȫʧݼû
Ψһεĵϣƣ֤Դڵ״̬С
ŻӪҲϰһĻÿ˶æµţеѲ߮սУɱ
еѰ̲ž۳ʥԵؾ硣
º
Ծվûܳסǵôˣһ㶯ûУ
ССҲüͷ
ʱѰȷһϢûˣƵһεĵϢûɬˮ
˭ģ
ⲽԶѰ״̬ڵ
ŰɣϷؾ·Сӵ취ŵʱԽãɹʱջ֮ҲעɹǿݷǼŷججɻ硣
ƺһЩʲôоɫ
º
ûѣ
껡衢Ц졢ҹǶЩˣֻǣ˭޷Ѱ˿̵״̬Ҳעܰʲôæ
սĻʱ䣬ֻʣ²ʱˣһֱȥɾЩ鷳ˡ
ϸ̾
ٵȵȿʱ䡣
³
һʱսƽ˾ʲô·
ӪǵŬһ㱻ڹŻӪУҲ½һЩʥˣνϲ²ϡ
ֻǣƾѰ٣ֱҲûܾѪ¡
ò˶оЩź
֪ʱȥ
ѰɿݼܵƵһεϣҲѰٲ
˭ƾһ֡顱ĸо
òѲ˰ɣ
³ѳ޷ˣѰ˿̵״ֱ̬Բʱģ
ûϢûݼţȫޣ
ޣѻ죡
ϸһƴڰ³ףǵȾܾϢԲţοֻǵѣעѲס
˵ϸҲǽѡ
ԾѡС졢СǶܳĬһʱһֱػѰߣ۵ģǱκ˶
ʱƣŻӪʼ˴ѰУƺԵø
һʱ䣬Ҳ
Խ׿֮Խ·;ǴνӢžǿš
ǰһѹðӪ̧ͷǺ͵̽Կһһ̳գԳ󡣡
Ǵǰ޶âɣգעҲѰ֮¡
ʼڹŻӪвϳ֣ԽԽңʼΪѰǡ
սĻֻʣһˣСỹûǡ
һ죬񶼸оЩֻǵ˵һ룬͵Ȼֹ
Ϊڴʱ߸һֱݼأܵѰȻ
ˣ
񼤶ò
һֱػѰߵԾѡССҲһʱһ
ĿⶼѰʱȴѰһεٿȻɢ
䣡
һ˲񷶼͵һ紺׳ʮأ쳹˷Ұ
ǳУ޵߻һܵһֲֿޱߵѹ糱ˮӣ˶˫ȶ£ֱ̱ڵء
ʥˣ𵴣ѹòѪ
껡衢ϸ򡢰³ЩʥˣҲ뵹һܵһϵĿѹơ
ৣ
ԼͬأеĿ⣬еʶ˳⣬ΪһɿֲϢ
ǾͿ֮ϣ֪ʱ𣬸ֳһ¯Ӱ֮֮⣬̫顣
ӿĵ¯к⣬תϼƮʢͻͣʥĺ



1621 ¯
һ¯յգ
Ǭߵÿͷؼ䣬һƬʥϢ
¯ıԴӡһƪһƪģתѣӵк춯֮ȭХڵĽ֮У
һ¯֮أ뷨ȫУ
죡
⡭
Ǻεȷ
֪𺳵ľڴ˿
껡衢ϸ򡢰³Щʥˣܵһɿµѹƣ嶼ѹޱȡ
ֻǣƾŬȥ֪ǡ¯İأҲ޼£ΪǿȥӦ궼ܵɽѹȳ
ʱѰӵԡڹĵУεӰƲһ˳ì͸һ죬ɽӰΰ֮ơ
˶һָоѰˣһ׷緶ʥɽ֮ۡ
߷壡
޿ɺ޿ԽһС֮⡣
Ȼֻ˵ĸоܵһֱܷӦ
䣡
أ֮ϣӿֳһƬī֭ĽƣֻʮĶΧȴѰͷȫڱΡ
쵡ɫѤõĽܷУ˸ŵĹ󣬳ŻĿֲϢ
ɶΪķֲ̫˽֮𣿡
أţ
ǿҲһëľǽǰѤͷףĲҲµ˼Ҫ
ΨѰɫγԤϵһĻ
ˡ
һգ̫¯ȻתŹ
һڴԨתնǣŤѣը
һȻƥǣҲǴ¯ͷţȥ
䣡
Ʒһһսìն£һ¯
ĺ쳹¯һΣɽⷭͷֽ⿪
һһϣǽֲ̫֮ҲҿѰġȥ
޵ߣǺֱ
һ¯סʱ֮ʱһĲãϢ
Ѱ䣬һб仯۵ףЦˣһ٣ʱ
ǡԽ׽֮һ
䡫
쵹׽٣ʼк£꣬ÿһ׽٣лΣϢ
һʱǵȿֲһĻû֮ǿ߶бʧصĸо
飡
׽ٺ¯ɲǼǧУɽϯɲǼͷֽ⿪
˶ΪѰ֮ʧʱͿûãɢ¯
·Ѱȫܷ
¯ķ׽ٺһ׶񵽼µɱսѰҲòȫԸ
һʱ䣬ͼ׽ٺƵ£ܼĵ绡â𣬽һ¯׾ͻ
ÿһΣֱ¯ۣÿһۣϢһ֡һ֣ع׾ã
һĻĻ˼Ļ棬Ƕ񷭹Ŀɿڴ
ȴһ׽٣ⱾԵò˼֮粻ܵĴ˵
Ѱܷ׽ɱԿһĻĻҪġ
˭Ҳû뵽Ͼ˳Ŀֲ飡
֣˲ð
ųУĪһţȴѣⲿŵָǺεȿ£
ɳ˴޲֮Ϊ׻йţ·ѰķͲݡ
ѰĴҲޱȼѡ
ɫ԰ףܷĹУԿʼ
һһҪס
ԾȻ֣߬оǵǡ
˿϶ƽٶϵģ
СڸѰ
ҲΣŹעš
䣡
ʱƣǽ׵ɲˣ÷ݡ
߰ƥĻϢǵ˶еͷƤ飬ޱȵѹֺ;㤡
ֻǹѣ׽֮£׽ӲѰֳѹ
˿ᣡ
ֻܿѰɫԽԽ԰ף͸ʱҡΣƿҪ֧Ųס
Ψһһǰᶨ
̫ˣ̫ˣڵʱ˭ȷ˼Ľ٣
һ̣޷ʧૣ˭֪ϾȻֽ٣
ǵģԵĽ٣û˵ˣ
ˣҲע֪Щ
һУԵþף˼
䣡
׽ʢˣϲڷŭѰվûסʼѪ̬Ǳ
ԾѶЩĿȥ̫ĥˣ
Ҳɫ䣬ֲסٵĿɲֹѰһţܵ޷ķɣ
ڴʱѰطһХգ˺һ¯ںϡ

һȣ춯ء
һ̣¯Ѱһ𷢹⣬¡һһɿֲɨȥ
ͼ׺ͽƣȫһɨգ
¡¡
𵴣ʧ˶ɴ۾ǡ
һ׽٣
߿֮ϣѰǾεӰһ¯¸޵̬ӡÿ˵Ժע޷ȴ
Ϊһ棬һ񻰣
Ҳ֪˶ãضϢŻָƽǿֲѹֵĽϢҲ糱ˮȥ
ˣ
ѻȸŷΧһơ
ţټĳǾһըĹ׷ˣ˿ܵشл
׳գǰ
ܹüȹޱȵʢ£Ȼ뿪սҲ޺
̫ˣǰǹŻʥеɽٶڲͬ
ʱ껡衢ϸҲظ˴˶ӣЦѰеˡ
ĻԾԭĽƽԶ߿֮ѰΰӰǲһĨĻȣĵĻϲɣ
С죬˴Ӳʧģ
С˫۱ǰһȻ
Сѳ򣬵ͷѡ
Ȼıɹˣǿ֮Щֻ֪·ĿⲻɣҲҿսǲصķƵΣա
пֱڣƽ
ΪѰ˴ε޷Ķʵ̫Ѱˣ
ϣѰһտȻһ¯ӰҲ֮ʧڡ
գҲϲá
߸¿ݼܷڽ׽ٶɣ
򷨣֮Ϊ¯
Ѱૡ
һ̣ͷһĸоڴϣƿһȫµĴš
УԼķ
Уǡʥ˲£֮ϵĸ
ӵд˾˷˵ɣԿһͳӵкͳĵ̣
ãѰĿ⿴Զ֮ǣӣĿڿԼ
ӰƮȻ£˹ȥ
һ죬Ѱ׽ٴɣ˷¯ŻӪ𺳣


1622 ¶һ
ѰԶڳǳǰˣ޲һϣܵһֳѹȡ
мǷԱܵزη
Хٴ޽Է
ھ죬
ʱѰ˵ĸоƶƮȻˣǴʥף
껡Щʥˣܵһεѹȣɫ䶼ɫ
ѰֱȫһˣһһĪϣ
е񣬾µĤݣУҲӵһׯϵơ
Ѱڴ֮·ʵɱ䣬ϢȻȻҲ֮һֱ仯
ʣȴֱģ
Ѱע⵽ɫĲһһ̣һϢط仯
ӶƽϴǦԻޣ
˲䣬ܵһѹϢ֮ʧ١
ٿѰƮ裬Ӱͦ㣬һ绯Ǳٵ֮С
껺˼ˣзԾ⶯շģʥΰΡ룬緲޻
㾳磬Ƕֻ̾
Ѱھжǿ
ġǺεȿֲ
ûܿ
˶֪ھʥУѰֻԳ޵С
޵У

Ѱ޷ɹŻһƬڣв֪޵ǰݻᡣ
ֱҹǰݷõһڱͲŽɢȥ
ͥԺУѰϸ򡢰³ƣƻɺҹ˾
磬֮ϾҪˣҸҿ϶ǻȥʱŻЩ޵ߣ϶Ӯˡ
ϸ뿪ڣڸϣ˲֪پ̳ӣˣǽһƬ
Աߵİ³ٺЦҸ棬һηغ󣬹ŻУĸٺʹȥ
ԣ˶Ц
һھ֮лȡʤ֮󣬾Գ
ֻΪϴ˳ѪޣҲֻǽӪȫǰ򵥡
ؼǣ˴δʤԸıŻƣ
νƣ
ǵӵ֮ҡû̬ƣҽ»죡
һɨ֮ùŻӵüĵ
Żѹ˲֪£Żǿ߲֪Ϊ˵ͷٴΡ
ڣһˣ
£ʵ϶ԣŻԶԶ򣬿ɴ˴δʤһúأùŻݰ֮ϵϣ
Ǵ˴ξսʤӰ죡
˭ѰǬŻӪԲڴ˴ξ֮дȫʤ
ŵ˵ûѰŻӪ粻֪̤ƶٴˡ
֮˭Ƿ뵽սУֻҪǹŻ޵ߣѰ飡
£֮ĻعŻʱ˻ҺѰȥ
ǼֱԼ
ȫѰ֣껡衢Ц졢ҹ巡Щʥˣһվε
ߣʥ˶ѣȿĪҪСŻȺۣЩϵĴУŴʥʥϹ򣡡
ߣһָ㽭ɽģ
ǹŻǰսϣŲ֪׼۾ǿԡѪսΪھսдʤ飬Ϳ޷죬ǿɾԵúɡ
ž
ϸһڴԺףߴһļơ
ϸѵ⣺Ҳ̫ɨˣǷᣡ
ܻģүҺѣ㾹Ҷ֣Ųү㣿
ϸһҲӾȥȻȻ
ߣȥ⣬үξͽ̽ǫˣ
ವһ£ŭڿնȥ
ϸ
³Ψ²ңҲˣش壬׷ȥ
ҪҪȥȰȰ
ԾѽĿ⿴Ѱ
ѰЦҡͷˣǼ黫գǴ򲻹ȻһʱӴܣϸа³ڣ϶Ҳῴű۸
̫˽ЩһıԺƢˡ
ˣҺСҲȥս
ԱߣСԾԾԡ
ȥɣȥɡ
Ѱ֡
ܿ죬ͥԺоֻʣѰԾˡ
ҹϰϰ
ΪƵԵʣԾ֮ɫһȾһĨ죬ˡ
ѰϾҪعŻˣʱɹ졣
Ӿսʱ䣬ϸһһĻĻ飬ѰҲп
ãˡ
ȻгɣԪͬ٣עҲ޷ѳ
ߵʱû˵ң
ȻԾѿڣкشһ˿š
Ѱ̲סЦ²£
Ծ̧ͷƵĵѰһۣ㻹˼Ц
̬΢죬ˮģ˽֮¿ţѰһɫԼİĽͺ;ޡ
ԾƵĵͷ϶תƻ⣬ܿѰĿעӡ
ʱֺйأҲ֪ӭѰ̹ȵĿ⣬Ϥ忡ӣҲһ
ѣõˡ
Ѱͳζζǰֿɼһž¡һݣ鲻ԽͷʺˮĴȥ
һ֮
Ծѽߣ׾ӷ̣һԵĸдĵӿֳȽšһ˵Ŀοϲúڴʧȥһеֿ
ξߢ
Ժ˼ʣԾһ仰ӳ˵ִ֣֮ϡ
һֻ̣һᣬͱһǿı۰𣬽ŵ糱ˮײͷϸСƵĽëĲɷ
ѰʧЦܾʲô飬γɫ˶վһŮˣڴʱ˿Ҳ⽿߽š
һ̣㱧סˣ߽䡣
ѣҹ̷ޡ
ԺأԾѶѰͳǿҵʹ£̲סŽߵֻڴһϸ򸡣
˿̵糺죬޶ˣֵģֻоʧȥ
ѰûٷϻԾѱ봲齣绳ůǷӯ޳ɢ㣬Ѱһȡ
Щ³ؽԾϵһȻһ˴齡
ͷ˿кߣ񣬽ѩ
֮¡

ԸǾ£ҹҹࡣ
ãҲ֪ǶãһҹѰǳ̸ֹϾˣȴ⾡ǿο
ϣѰӵԾѣһϲáƽ͡ζͷš
˽ûпڣΨִ־ա
ֱʱѰſڣпԭָо
Ծһκ죬ߴƵĵһۣ춼ˣ㻹ڻζҪô
Ѱ̲סЦ˶ͷҺ̰ĵģǻζһҲ
Ծ룬ļⷢЩˡ
һ¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼



1623 ղƹ
ʱѰˬ߳䣬Ĺˣֻ壬ݷͳĿ
羰ǰ羰ֻľһʱ羰ȻҲͲһ
սĻֻʣ²һµʱ䣬Ѱô˻ᣬúһԾѡ
ʱԾ˵֪зŲҲýȢҲֻ̰֣Ҫ㲻ңӡ
Ҳ仰Ѱиж֮࣬ЩΡ
Ծѣ׵۹֮ŮһһľˣѪޣݾףٳ
޵ߣܵô˺飬Ī󸣷֡
ԾȴòѰܲ
ѰԼкεºܣ˾˵ĸп
úԾѣѰоԼһ֮

һʱѰʲôҲˣЯԾһ뿪֮ǣɽˮ㼣鲼ս
۷ɽ۹ϼ̺̤ˡө١
ңڣա
żѰߢ¶ݣƶ޸ˮ裬ԾѹڻԼ䡣
͵УԵ޵Ե
ʲô֮ʲô׷ɱˣʲô޵󷨣ͳͳԺ
˼֣֮˵ӡ

˹ҹ
һ죬һƬѩױ֮ء
ѰһرȡˮԺС¯裬Ծ򻷱˫ϥһ࣬ЦѰæ
ϣȻһĺ֮쳹ؼɢ
ͬʱѰԾϵĹŻڴ˿̲˲
ԼͬأͣжһۣʶսĻʱˣ
źС¯ϼеĲˮѰȴһ̾ʱۣٿĹ⾰վǶݵġ
ʳ֪ζȥ
ԾЦӿС
Ѱͷ
һʱ䣬ԾɽˮңڣȻᡣ
߰ɣԺкܶᡣ
ԾѰ֣ԶȥЩ֣Ѻ֪ˡ
οǾóʱڳĺĺ

ػ֮ʱѰһ
Ϊ֪ʱǻֺ롢ΡĽɫǽǰһɸߵʯ
ʯϣԴ֮׭һּ
ξ֮ŻһʥѰִĪ֮սơ
ʥѰѪɱһΧһǣ˿ɵСؽ֮ǣº
ֻշתأһ¾ǧۡ
ϱߣϸѰһ¼㱼䣬ѰԺҲ֮ЩսһĻĻ
׳գΨ䣬Ψ˿ܣʥ͡
죬ŻģպգھŽ񣬾˫˭С
ұձڴˣʥѰǧţʷԸ֮
ֱ˱ѰͷҲһ󼤵޷ƽ
û뵽ŻӪΪԼһ֮
㿴ǡ
ԱߣԾѿԶ
Ѱ̧ͷͼͷϣӰۣÿ϶ЦݿԼ
֣⡮Ǵҵ⣬ÿһֽɲͬĵִ̣Ψˣܱҵ֮⡣
ڡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
Ѱ̲סӣЦһܾܾ𣿡
ܣ
ͬЦ
գսѲĻ׶Σе޵ߣԹŻĲͬطҲڽ뿪
ֻ뿪Ҳ֪´κʱǲԼͬȫ˳ǳǰ
ֻΪһѰ
лˣλ
Ѱһֳ쳹ء

Ѫħ硣
һɽˮƫƧ֮أ쳹ҲòһƬ̶Ѫ¾ݷѡ
Ļˡ
˲̶Ϣ棬Ѫ¼ֱӳȥǲ쳹ĵɡ
˫񷣬۾¶֮ɫ
ݷһ֮ãؼգѪ¶ԣ翪һȫµĵ;
ֱãѪɺ¶̹Ǳĺ⣬ҧڣ
ʧܣ£µ֪֪ܶ£Ѱ⣬գѪ±
ৣ
һ̣Ӱƾʧ

ڤ硣
һƬĴһӰһ齸ʯϿ޺
ͷݣڣݣݣģȽлӶҪҡ
Ѱڴˣһϳ˺ȻǱڤӪϵ

ֻǣεȷյգâɣһ֮ɧ
ȴǵ˲˹񲣬ǻ硣
쳹֮ڵأʿ޺׻Ƶģ͵ǡ
ɫʼã粻ɢȻʼһۡ
ֱãȻ˻𣺡ججʮأշ֪ң
һһ٣Х֮ϣУǽѻ֮⡣
ѰŰɣҷҡڤʱѩǰܣ
͵̤նӰٿȻ仯һͷ֪ɣѹգϯƶȥ

ŻĽ硣
֮ǰŻ޵ҲжŻóŲնȥʹʧս
ǰҵһ
ɽģˮǰҵڴڹŻٺꡣ
ǰ
ǰѰкܶˣϤģҲвϤģܽгֵģҲнвֵġ
ÿһˣԴŷĵľףѰһһԻӦпࡣ
ŵģط
Щڴ˵ĹŻǿߣעֻųڴˣʽ
пᡣ
أ޵ߵӰԽԽˡ
֣ǣ
桢ҶĦڭǰǱ
ء
ѰЦ֡
ѰعŻһҪǰ磬ޱʥɽ𣡡
ҹ巴
ԱߵЦ죺𣬻ȥȰɣҽصġ߱ɾơó㹲
һ仰ҹŭĿӣҲҲһΣ
ЦãЦҾǿ㲻ߣôˣ
ã۵ļһֻ
ѰЦãȴůůģѣǻ빲ֵܣ
֣ҲҪˡ
ûã껡ҲǱ
Ѱ̸֮һһĿ뿪
ֱ󣬳оֻʣѰԾѡϸ򡢰³ССǡ
ҲǰսʱŻǿǴӲͬĵطŲǰ
ȥʱȻҲԭ·أעͬ·
ѰǣʱǴӲɽĴ֮ŶȥʱҲȻصɽ
磬Ҳ߰ɡ
ϸ򡢰³ǽĿ⿴Ѱ
Ѱͷܣ·ҪһԺУջĿ⣬һᶨ
ߣ
һϼתѰǵӰҲһһʧУֻټһ֮ǣããؼĬţŲʥϢ
һ죬꼤սɱ֮ʹĻۺεӪǿߣڽȥ
ټľսʹУҲ֪´οǶ֮ˡ
ʱڣղƹ飡



1624 ½
Ż
һĹϵĵǰڱԶȴ޷ƽ
ӾսѾȥʱ䣬ָһ㣬Ļڽգһ֮ͻĻ
һΣŻӪܷһĴǰذܵĸ֣ص
Ҳ͸
һξ֮ŻӪҰܣ㣬ܻŷߣǧһ
ڶξ֮ŻӪֻز꣬㱻״ݿ壬ֻʮ˽Ҽһ
һΣֻһ
Խ룬оԽ
һΣ٣ӿֳһľǺȣ̫ˣ
ĬãȻʦǰ뿪ʱ˵һ仰
սϣһϣܹתŻӪİֵܾĻôһ˿ϣѰϡ
ֻǣѰĿ
һҲûС
սεȲпͿ£ƾһ˵ŤתǬֱǲܵ飡
䣡
ڴʱϺȻһĵطʼŻͬк
֮ˣ
Ȼ̧ͷâ䣬ܿƾʮصİء
ͬʱֲڹŻͬеĹϵͳȺڵһʱ
֮ѵ֮ڽĻ
һΣҹŻӪսΣ
ϣϣЩһҪŻ
һһҪجģѾ̫ã̫ãĻԺɾ̧ͷˡ
ŵĴϹԪϼʱ˿Ҳ
¡¡
ϣϣټĹŻĽУͬǳ쳹Ǻۻ롢ĵ
Ѱ޵ߣҲ׷ʶ֮õľ֮ڽĻˣ
һΣǹŻ򡭡Ӯ𣿡
֪нš
ֹ֮غŻ裬ԺŻܷ񳤾Ӵ棬ܵӰ졣
˭ܲע
˵Ӯ̫Ҿͺá
а̾
˭ξ֮ĲҰܣµû䣬ŻӪҪھ֮лʤ̫̫ѣ
ϺսĻʱĲãŽŻһ־ᡢšС
ֻһ
ڹŻͬЩǰսĴŻǰʼһӰ

ɽ
λڶʤ籱ʱɸߣͨ帲ڽɫеɽǰѻ˲֪Ӱ
ЩӰԸϵͳĴԴ̡̫һڵȵȡ
ʱǵĿ⣬޲ɽۣ֮һͨսŻ
쳹ʱһŻҲ쿪
󡪡
һӰǴŻӿֶ
ˣ
ðֻҪлŵӵܻͺã
һʱ䣬бһӵ޲žϲͼ
Ϊ֮ĻʱܻŴӾսзص޵ߣǷëǡ
ڣξ֮ĻӿֳôӰȻ˺⣡
սΣ
һλϹŶ̲ס쳹
һӣȫֵնһš
棬Ӯˣ
ҲڴʱӰӴ߳ԣЦſڡ
Ӯˣ
ȫһţϹﶼ㲻Լ䡣
棬˵ǹŻӪӮˣ
λϹŶ̲סһΡ
һǹŻӪӮˣһǰʱ򣬱ɨӪһеУ
һһ䣬쳹ؼ䣬ݺÿһͷ
ǵɴ۾һܵ漣һʱ䶼޷
ɨӪ
һеУ
ֱֱ̫˼飡
棬һΣ⡭ģ
λϹŶɫ㱣ԲƵĳ
һոմӾսصǿߣЦидֹЩǣԼֱ˿ھսһУҲΰĸо
ɫᶨ棬ػɣӮˣξ֮ǹŻѹ޿ƥУȫʤ
ǡӮˣ
һϹƲסгۿ졣
죬˵˵Ҫ֪νЩģδеʹ£
һϲ
ӮˡӮ˰ҹŻһɨǰܣڽ񳯴ȫʤ
˿ЦЦЦ
̫ˣ
ھ֮УŻܵ˲֪ٵѪᣬܵŭͺ޸ǱߣȺ
ڴñ
һʱ䣬ɽܡڡ쳹
飬ҲڹŻͬ򣬲ͬĴŻǰ
Ц졢ҹ巡衢ӡҶĦڭȵǿߵӰعŻ
Ҳ֮˹ھ֮еĽݱϲѶ
һʱ䣬º䶯Ż򳹵׷ڡ
δʤϢ쫷㴫ʱڴ˴δʤϸҲ֮
ʲôѰһˣƽУ
һʱõϢģǹŻЩϵͳǵ֪Ѱھսеһ׳٣Զ𺳣ʧ̬
ܣΰ쵽ģ
һ˰ŤתǬ
֪پҲ֪жٴסˣΪ֮
ǰڽս֮ǰŻеλʥˣֱ껺衣
һһŮµգΪŻĿĴڡ
ʱѰ۳ʥֻǳŽپߣȻ£ɶϴԣ̸ʲô˲õĴڡ
ͬǾ仰ʥ֮£Ϊϣ
󣬹Ѱһȫһˡ
ֹǾ۳ʥڴ˾ӵ޵֮ƣһˣսУң
Ե̫˼飡
˭뵽˭뵽
֪ٴ̾ӡ
ѰɣȻһˣӹŻʱ˲֪ٴ಻֪˶ٷꡣ
˺ޣҲƳ;塣
ɲΣֱ֮գһֱκεͳһս
һˣʲô
ЩϵͳȺԣһˣ޿ɽȥ࣬վѳɴ
ƫƫأһˣȴھսɧѹӪսһˡ
һˣؽŻ򻤵֮ǣйŻǿУŤתǬΪŻ˱ѩܣ
ҲһˣΪʥʥΪŻӪô˴ξ֮Ĵʤ
ӽԺ˭Сһˣ
飬컹˭һϣΪûѰûйŻ֮գ
ϹŶޱȣϳ
Ϊе֪
ǵģ˴ιŻܹھ֮ȫʤѰû
Ϲ츣£ʷΪǣ
ޡ񡢳ѰˣҲ޷ıʵ


1625 һ
ԺҪıһ¶ԴѰ̬ˡ
ҲϵͳʶѰȫһˡ
ǾʥеİŴ綼Ҫϵġսһˡ
Żݹ۹ŽҲֻһˣ
һˣɵһͳ
ʥϹŶꡣ
ڵѰʥֻʥΣ֮ɾͣעҪԽκʥڣ
ǡ֣ۡùŻЩʥͷ
ǰʱ򣬴ӱʱһ֮Աǣڡ϶а
ʱˣԺĹŻעЩһ£Ѱе
ƵĽ̸ڳţʱƣŻУҲ֪Ѱھսе׳١
һʱ䣬޴𺳣Ͻ顰Ѱ


ЦЦ쳹˵Ŀο
ǽңҲڴ˿ڳиһǰδеɡܺϲá
һѰһսһˣ
ʦ֣˵Ĳսı֮ϣֻڴһϣһжӦˡ
һšº͡ķ緶ɴʱȴ̬⣬Ц
һƺһУͯ
ܿ죬һ̵ͯӹǰʺʷϡ
ϯضʻӺ
ʱ֮꣬ĻѰƾһ֮Ǭѹ򡭡
һּһӡںءãʷϡ
ʤŻʷ֮ȺӣѩŽ֮Ѫޣֻƾ˹ѰţŻʷ
һУһ䣬ижһǳɵ׫дʷϡ
ֱþȫԡǧ׳Ѱֽβ
дա
ͷմЦ

Ż䶯ʱɽϡ
ѰԾѡϸ򡢰³һڶһˡ
ǰһ˾ǴӴ˵ؽս
ղɽ͵˵ÿһǿĹŻŻɱսѫãɱĵԽ࣬۵սѫԽࡣ
սѫԶһˡ
ɽǹش˵ġء֮һϸĴˡ
μСͷ֮ʱѰˡãŲɹĺô
ȻᣬԲ˷ѡ
û뵽Ǿ˹˲飬ùŻھ֮лôʤ
͸п
ǲɽĹҲһʤǺεȾ춯صһ¡
п֮Ҳʹ죬ָŲɽۣ֮һ̨ϣйŻһӦĴˣ˭
û£ವһ£͵һʱȥеү
޳ܣϸͰ³ŭĿӡ
ȴһ㲻ںڡ̨ϡ
һ˲䣬һɹΰĴϢӲɽ
۶ܹǵ̨ϣƮǧٵϼȫС
Ǵˣ
Ѱݣˣڤڤ׽
ڣЩ˵ȴһϼ֣͸֮⡣
ϸȥӦȴʲôҲܲԵúء
ÿϣˣԽ׿ߣ˾Խǿе;ϻõջԽ󡣡
Щ˲֮ǻǰֻҲץסץסˣҲ޸ܡ
ͳָ㣬Щ޵ߣ޶֮һĻԵԣһ¡
죬εȲ
ϸп
죬ʱƽ
³ұ޵ıı׵ںԿˣ˭˺˴صġ
ѰԵͷϸͰ³ԽԲ٣ܹڵ;дɾ͵ģ޲һ֡죬˶ʤ족Ǻؽ
ŵ˵ɷʥʥɵۡеÿһͬһδε֮٣
ֻе˰˶츳ݣʳе޶ۣľ
˵Ĳͬ
ν飬ƽȡһּ
Щʥӡӡӡӡܺƴĺͯƽ
һǵȫһ
ûãӵ̨£ҡҡλΣƵģѬѬȻգδˣ۹Ž֮ڤڤԡ
ɶı𣿡
³̲סʡ
һ㶣ָ˵ܸо·ش׽ˣһ֡ˮ֮С
ȥԡ
ϸ̲ס𼱻ǳ˹ȥ
ܿ죬һƴϼӿ֣ϸӰ֡
ôʱ䣬ԾʵѰ磬뿪ɽкδ㣿
ԱߵĴʱ䡣
񣬾սĻѰҲѳΪľʥˣŻ򣬼Ǵʥڣ޷вѰ
ʥ֣
ʥȿֲڣҪôǰŻǰսҪôڱչУǣŸ֣֮ܳ䡣
ʱѰֻʲô
ȥҺ칷塢ʥءز¡塢һЩ
Ҳ֪
֪ѰڹŻʱǱЩѹ֪ٴΣѽ»ⲻѪ
Ѱ룬Ҵǰһˡ

ԾѡͰ³һ㶡
š
Ѱ˵ͷ߱ѪսɣֵʱӦһ£ǣǰսľƣҲʱ򽫴ˡ
үһΪ̲סɱȥز±йޡԭֻȥүͷˡ
ظƵĿڡ
ѰʣҪô㻹ֹҲɣ
񲻼˼϶ҪֹǹطΣյĺܣȥˣ˵׼ᱻץЩͺ¿󷢴ȱҲ϶Ҫѹ
ѰüëһжΣգ
ֹ̾ӦúɼʥɮǺεȵǿ󣬿աҲˣ
ѰȻɼʥɮѵһ·˽֮٣ѵģ
ֻԭ֮һ
ƲԸ˵֮㲻ҪСز¾ˣھʥ޵в٣ɴزѹֶΣҲԽӬһѹ
˵ѵүҿɲǹ㣬ֻǸ㣬زºʥ֮زͬЩͺ¿ϱˡ
̽צӣָָڤ֮ϡ
ǿչŵ
Ѱһ
Ĭˣ̾һʵھսмѪ¡峾ЩһǱҲǿչŵϵһЩŲϵ
ڹŻУȻҲزֻ֮һˣү֪ҲӦúǿչŵϵĳͳϵ
⻹Ǵһ¶ô
Ѱݣû뵽ز¡ʥ֮أž


1626 ǰ
ûãϸӵ̨Ҳһ㣬ɫѬѬȻл㱡
һƵĸпˣǡԣ಻
ȥԡ
³簴಻ס˳ȥ
ûã³Ҳҡҡληأƻζһо񡭡Ҳˣͷˣˣ
ѰЦЦĿ⿴ԾѣҲȥԡ
Ծѵͷ̤ϵ̨ϯض
磬Ǻʱȥ𣿡
ô˻ᣬϸ˳ʵ꣬۸ֵܼĳ˿ɲҲʱһıˡ
ϸ˵Ķԡ³ݺݵͷ
ѰȴҡͷڲУǵһ̸顣
γȥ
֪鹭飬񶼻ѹǽһϳУ
ˣڽս֮ǰв϶ڰг֣ɱԾ󻼡
زµġ١ͨ콣ڵһλԪϣһʥأСңϹŶ
Щˣս󳹵׳ɳΪĸ󻼣Ƿ׷˺֡
գǽûԸ¿ҽšԼ׷졢ҹЦ顢ΤƵһǿ
һУԳİš
˵ǳޣЩô˻ѰԺ󣬾עûжٻˡ
ΪʱѰٲȻʥ֮½޵еĴڡ
ۺʳһˣӰ·ƣŻЩǿ߶
һˣսֻҪȻܾ۳ʥ
ѰӾսأ͸ֵЩϵͳʳѰˣ
ڵЩѰĵˣŻ׷º֣ϧһҲҪѰɱ
ϧǶʧˡ
ѰЮƣԾսһ˵ݣطŻ
ЩˣȻܾˡ
ҪԼһǰ󣿡
ϸ㵡
Ѱ˵ͷûнʲô
ΪеĿģʵڹŻǰսǿ׼۾ǿս£
ϸǣ̫Σˡ
ʱԾҲأǡԣ̲סҲ
ѰȻϸ򡢰³ǵһͺá
˵ţԾٿڣӰһһ̨ϥ¡
Ծѡϸ򡢰³ʶѰ̬Ѿ˭Ҳȥıˡ
һϡ̨ѰһĸоڻУһֲãľ沨
Ǵ˵
ȥʱȴ޷еġ̫ɬأ磬Ī״
ˣһģ˵Ľ٣Ӱ쵽һ˵ˡ
˵ĸı䣬ȻӰ
ֻǣ˭Ϊ۾ҲѰ֮
쳾⣬ԣ֮ǣȴעһܵ顣
˿̣Ѱ֮磬Ҳ޷˵
Ⲣȥȡ
ңŻ۵սѫ֮ӴõԶĴˣ
ţ
ȻûãһֱĬĬעһеҲ쳣ԾӾ˶ٹѫ
УɽеĴ˿ԴԴϵӿѰ̺ˮƵģûоͷ
ܶ࣬޷󡣡
ϸ򡢰³ɫŹ֡
ϸ㣬Ӿ֮ѰеİǿĿֱɳ޷ͳƣ
Щ񶼻۹ѫΪѰȡ˵롣
Ҳ˵
һ˼
ǰ֪˴ξ֮УŻӪܹ֮ȫʤȫҴ͡
ϸ̲סһ
֪ЩͶסŸпֲãֲð
ûãɫˣСӴ㽫ɽĴȫ̹𣿡
ǲɽĹֻټĲɽϣԭ۵ĴнĳɶѰһã
ң̬ƻڳţ
ֱѰӵ̨ʱ͵ˣĿֱѰһֱɱ˵ļơ
ѰһǻȡһЩˣڰڳֱ飿
ɲ֪ɽ²Ż۵Ĵˣһ붼ѱ̵Ŀۣܲ
Ҳҿֻǹǲɽˣֻѳɱˡ
磬кα仯ϸ̲סʡ
Ѱԣ̾ԣ̶Ƭ̣Ϊٽһ˳ʥڣ
ϸ򡢰³ԾѽؿڷƣԶԡ
ܲˣеֻǴˣӰΪƫƫΪһ
Ѱһ޹֪ܵӰ죿
ͷ
˵ĳ嶯ˡ

ڵ죬Ѱһ뿪ɽ庣
ʱŻУһ񻶣֮ʤ޵ߣΪ֮ܣвصĵ
ǰδеʢ£
ҲһЩͳԵúܳƣÿͷ¡
ʥء칷塢ز¡һ塢ڡɽȵȡ
ЩԺѰŻⲻѪ
֪ѰھսеһδӺս֪жд̵ˣٲȻѳΪսһˡʱĿʹˣ
ȥӡѳĸ󻼣
֪̾
֮𣬼ֱһѡ
Ҳв֪硣
ɶôһɵС飬ȴŻľ
֪ˣ۸ʲôۣýɱʥ֮ǰ
˷ߺѵŭޱߡ
ӱرһƣԲѡ̣ǲ֪ѡʱ֡
У˵ھսǾ۳ʥĹŻһԴΪհ֪Ƕ֣Щ̤۵ˣĿܲȥԮ

Ƶۣ쳹ÿһѰжԵУһʱ䣬ֵЩҲǳƲҵ㷡
ѰǰȫһˣʵٲȻΪвһͳĴڣ
֮жԵ˭ܲΪģ
쿪ʼǶѾʼıһѰָνӦԡ
ֻѰһˣҲ¡
Щھս̤ʥˣһȥѰͷǲŽ鷳
ֻǣϵǣʱƣʱȥѰŻд
ȴ˼ƵģѶ
û֪ѰӾսغȥ


ǰսޱȣ׼۾ǿ߶ΣգҪȥ
̲סѡ
ڸղţѰǰݷãҲΪɵ˽⵽ѰǰĿʱ޷ˡ
Żǰս
ǿһƬʥ̸ɫ䣬ȴ֮أ񣬸֪жͨ׼۾С
Ѱһǰ
ܲ



1627 ǿ
𾪵ƽƬ̣ûѰִǰŻǰսԭ
ֻʣһҪȥ
Ѱͷ
߱Ѫսɣֵأ뿪ǰһƬѩҶӡһ׼۾ǿߣѰҪȥǰս
ѰѾ߱ǰŻǰսĵ̣ŻڷعŻĵһʱ¡
ãҰ㰲š
ٳɣӦ
ѰǵľʥˣȻѡȻųɣٶѡ
лǰȫ
Ѱһ
ŻǰսɲǰȥģҪֶΣͨһؾִܵ
ǡؾĳ֮
һΪ㿪󣬵ȵִǰսһҪһʱȥʦ֣շزΣա
ʦ֣Ѱʯ֮ʵҲɲ⡣
շȻһ¡
Ͱӻˡ
ڴʱһͷ˫ٵ̵ͯڴ֣
ǻˣ롣
ͬʱѰСѣΪλǿչŵ콾
һˡڡʥŮλСǿվް񡯵ھǰѾΪʥ󿪴һΪǧմӡķţǿչŵϵһУ
һһİ죬Ӹ˲ã˴Ѫᣬ̼˾ˣҹ۲⣬ӵ޵֮ɣԺҪ١ǿʥ֮С
һѰжһ
ǿչŵ㹻ףϾŻԣǿչŵֱһ紫˵磬ڤ֮ϣ
Ѱ֪ڹŻУƺֻе۾ͺգִǿչŵ֮ϡ
Ѱû뵽ǣһһŮλǿչŵϵһһ
һλѪᣬڹŻУƾͺ
ͨĽ⣬ѰҲ˽⵽һЩ
ǡǿվް񡱣ֻǿչŵ͵ӡŮλС
ÿһͶоʥĵֹ̣ˣЩǿչŵϷ绪Ůӣʡ̡òҲƵһ
ޡ֣ɴ˶
ܹλСǿվް񡱵ھţ֪кεȲ
Ȼ޾ԣεȺ嫣һ񵥣ܽŮȫС
Կ϶ǣܹλд˰ϵŮӣһѰ֮
ڵڣͬ򵥣λڹŻܲɷֵĹϵ
˵һ֧ôڱͳڣ
ڡǿʥ񡱣ֽСʥ񡱣ǿչŵУΨӵ޵з֮ʸȥ˰
񵥵ķҪǿվްأ֪ǿչŵϵĴע
ܹλд˰ģԱǿս
Ѿ߱˰ĵ̣ȻǼ
ֻǣѰԣһ̸ֻ棬Ϊǰ˵˵̸ʲô𺳺Ͷݡ
Ϊʥг޵У̬ϣκĸд
ΨѰǣһŮΪλήڹŻǴΪʲô
˼ʱŲһһŮ
е˰أлһϮۣ̤ģӧĶͷϣһԴǡ
һȻãĴҲ֮ףĺִƷ֮
һؼâУ˸ʺĴʹ֮С
ɣ˱һ崿Ѫ᰽죡
ЩһͲ䣬ⰽ졣
ԱߵŮӣδķѹǣ˵һ۾ͻע⵽Ĵڡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ů֮ɣ
£˿٣һӯӯһյ֮֫ϣӲʩɫ糯ϼӳѩǣھ
ʱһϼƻãӳĵӰҲƽԼ֮ϡ
ֻǣ̫䣬ƽʵһĮԸ߸ϣǧ֮С
̫ӣǻˡ
Цӭȥ
ʦ塣
ǰ
Ͱ׷ɫԣһλ׼۾ɶǶԣȴ˾ռߡ
ͺãȻΪǽһλѡ
ʾ£ͯϲ裬̬ȵΪȳ
ֻǣ츦һɹЦǰףұҪǿչŵû˼ύѡ
Դ⣬ʼգֻƳѰһۣͲᣬڹĽⲻһ仰б¶š
Цݱ䵭٣Ŀ⿴
ϵĲˮʦ壬˵վŻ򣬵ȴ˴ˣطأʱύѣԺҲע岻ͽ
˵ţĿ⿴ڴŵѰλѣأ
ݺ䣬תã̬ԴǣĮ°֮⡣
Ѱԭ棬ҪһǿչŵϵĿ콾ķɣɼһĻʱʧȥ¡
˵ĶԣƼˮˣǿѰ
һ΢΢һǱʶΪΪЯѰŻܸԼʶֻһص
û룬Էֵ˵Ȼ
ҡͷٶ룬Щ׷ĽӲ֪ж٣вһЩǿϵĽ
һ⣬Աܾˡ
ѰֳһֵȻһ֡װģ˲ԼȤ
ϧǣּǼˡ
͵ЦЦζƼˮԵ۵ˣҵʶһϧҺԵ޷֡
̸ˣ΢
Ϊ˵Ļῴǰ죬ͲѰС
Ҳ̫ļѰʶһЩѣԺǰǿչŵʱҲܶһꡣ
ûȴŪɳ׾ˡ
ҪʲôѰЦ˵ǰԵ޷ֵ飬ǿ飬ĳȸһ
˵գɴس
ǰʱ򣬹Ż޵߿½޵ߣ񵹺ãŻ޵ߣҲǿչŵϵ˿
ʵУУƵ̫̫ࡣ
ڵ۹УϽǵѰգطѰء
Ѱ⣬̹Ȼܡ
Ѱȥһ̾ûȰ裬ͯӣΪѰһ֮ء
ڰͷβûпѰһۣأ⣿
ʦ壬Ѿ̽ϢҪҵˣһѰ޵ߡ
Уֱڣ֪Ѱ
Ѱ
һɫ
ͬʱ߳δԶѰŲһ٣΢УһǿչŵǰŻҪ˵ģ
ңԼߣ


1628 
ڣı飬ʵʦ֪Ѱ
ʵЩڹŻߣû˵֣
͵˵ѰòǱսһˡǿ߰ɣ
ͷ
ͰһۣԲԾǴˣ
Щ죬߷ùŻһ·ϵڴڡ֮ʤ¼
УѰǱһ
ɿû˵ֻȴû뵽ѰǱѰˡ
ô˵˻һ˲õܹһ֮ѹǰ֮ܣ뵱ӵʥ޵аĵ̡
һ˿Ȥ˼
ǿչŵҲĿ֮սһˡͷκε֮Ѱ
ξ֮УáսһˡͷεǿߣԺУ޲̤˵۾
۾ǿչŵϣ뢰Ŀɲڡ
ѰԺǷҲ̤۾
ⲻ˵
Կ϶ǣܹΪսһˣ̺ʣȻպӵг۾ʸ
ȻҲʶһ㣬ͷˣӵֵҵӡ
Цҡͷ
ӣ
ǸղſֱӽԷˣ
ҲǿչŵϵǿǺεȽֻǶԴŻʱŸ߸ϵԽС
ǶԴǿߣҲֶˡ
ͰȾɾ޵ĽɫܱԴģҲֻбǸҫۡǿĴڡ
ڱģԲǹע
ϧǣǵĸ֡Ұ֪ˣڶԴѰһϣֲˣ
ʶһ⣬̫ӣҪҵˣȷѰߣ
ͬʱڴѰҲʼ⣬ѾµһЩֻҪȷһ¡
УڣǰЩ죬Һǰ鱦ʥأһһӵܣУ˽⵽ҪҵˣѰߡ
ӵܣ
һ
նĸһһЩԨԴ
ȻʵҪҵ˭
ҲֱӵӦýԾѣĸһϵˣձ֣ҵСãԾҵıá
˶٣ǰҪ÷壬μӡɻᡯ游ҪñҲμӡ
ɻᣡ
¶ݣô˵һһλܹ̳СѪĺ᣿
Աߵ˵ǿչŵϴˣܹ̳⡮Ѫģ̫ӡ
˲ɻÿٿһΣһԺ䶯ǿչŵʢ¡
ܼ̳̾СѪ̫ӵĵ̣ܹɻΪѵһġǰ;
Ҳû뵽ⰽ츳֮˲ã
֪ΪһᣬŵĿֲ̣ԶȺᡣ
һУܹ̳СѪĺᣬһжһ
Ҳˣÿӿֳܹ̳СѪǿߣһŻٿһΡɻᡱ
ǿչŵϣһķĴ¼
ˣŻ̲ס̾
һЦüԼɼ֮ɫ
ɾڴʱȻƳѰӰȥʱüͷһ壬ôֻˣ
Ҳһ䵭֮
Ҫ˵ʲôͼѰѾֱ죬˵Ҫ߾ѣ
ɫƽ
ڸղڴУ˿̵Ѱȴһˣһε
һѰȻغԼ˵һ䣺º޹أȰ˵ע㣬󣬿ϣҲƽϣ򣬾ͳ̬ȣһˣ
˵ʱһƵĲãϢӿ֣ɽХѰѹȶȥ
ϯضѰ˵ʱڸ̣ѹڵأ
ɵѹѰʱȴţ뺣ʧӰ٣ѰӰǲ˿ҡ
һУŭЦǣûСӵһЩͣ
˵ʱѴ㶯
ȴֹ̫ӣ԰꣬лҪ
˵ţ
ͰһɲӵķʽȥѰԻ
ͻȻأڳƾѣȥ̫ӣû´Ѱ
ʤѩ˿ݶھѩɽ۵Ĺ㺮ӣֻԴĮ̬ɹ°
λСѰҶһİɡ
㻺һա
ɰȴȻбƥâֱѰԭѰңԾղŵұ̣һһȷĻرΣ
ԴǴżȴָʹζ
Ҫ㣬ȻͼѰȻ̣ʲôҲ˵Ҵˣ
ɫһϢɲ緢ŭ֮񣬰ظߴӰɢ˵ƣٿȻѹɱ
̫ӣһסҪ˵İæҪԾѣֻ»ƾನۡ
æ
ߣΪΪսһˣͿ޷ˣҿֱӶ֣ѹͲͷ
ߡ
ȻõҲǴ
ףվǹŻ򣬷ǿչŵѰ£죬ʦ壬ҲȻάǴѹӡ
侲˵ţĿ⿴Ѱѣղ̬һ
ѰѣǺǡ
ǼڽЦҲһһһﾹһ㶼飡
ɫҲѰ˾پǾƲԳԷƣ
ۼսһЦòСѣ֮ǰֻһЩСìܣౡϣǱ˴ܱǰӡ
ѰȻǰӾͲˣҺǲһ·ˣһ⣬˭߾ѣȹѰأ
˵գ̤ȥ
ҪԾѣǳʲôͼѰ޷̵ġ
ǣԾԼԸ⣬Ѱڣ˭ǿ
ΣһΣ
Ѱ񣬻û¹˭
ۼѰ˲棬쳹׶ŭȵ㵱˭߾ߣ£
䣡
һץ
̽һֻצգһץܽǬ¶ץС
ֹһУ˿Ҳŭˡ
㰽дȣһѰæ̬ȴᣬһԲϾҪ֣δ̫֣
ǾԣŻǿߵܣа
ûв֡
˵ʱʱ죬ۼһץҪѰѰسһӲӵĽַţӰ¡һ̤һײ
ڱصõһֽ㱻ƿ׷ɡ


1629 һ¯
ɫ
ѰΪսһˡܹסһ֮УĻҲֻǸ˵֮
ɰȴͫһŭ壬ӣ֮
ʲô
ʱҲԾ
ǿǶһĴѰ壬Ϊξܲȴ
ܷ
ѰתȻֻ֮һΪã
쿡ɱӿˣǽű䣬Ψнű֮ⱰӵԵĴ
ű䣡
Ŭ˼Ҳ벻һС
ӣԣ
Ѱ䣬ڱŰ죬ĪǣΪĳ
˵ţһϢȻת绯һǬ¯ɲɢն
֮ǰӡģȣֱˣ
һǿ
֪
͵طȣصӰϢͨǵء
ͷֳһǿһͷУ޾ǺӶ촷ۣ顣
ৣ
һץ˺գѰȥ
ǷƥָŻɬĵƬ˺ѵأ
ɢϢʥ˶
̫£
˵ĸоںԿԼϣСޱȣһϵ塣
ѰɫϲҲӳִ¯֮֮
һְ
䣡
У¯Ӱӳ֣ѹţͻ֮
¯
ҲѰ󣬵һսжá
һ˲һץ֮ͱ촷ۣĺ
¯ۻ룬ɱ¡
ϸ¯ԡΩΩһ֮زãС
¯֮ڣڣת̫ˮ𲢼øɣԨΣΰ¯ڲأ
¯ܣӡɬţк춯֮Ӱȭӿ纣С
һ¯ݾ
ֻǣеİغ;ҲΨѰܹᣬУ¯ֻһ󡪡
ﲻƣ
춼ûüӦͱ¯ײɣݺڴǽϣڱѪ
令ҷˣһԲ
Ǻεȷ
޷ãˡ
һķɣȴӯУֻǹһ޷ľ֮У𺳲ѡ
֮ǰͬѰսһˡݣɶλСǿվްھšԣ̸ϼɵӡ
ڣŷ֣ԼСŻҲСǰѰ
գ
аޡ
ԭѰͰʱЩģϾǿչŵһĵϵᣬǿÿ¡
ѰȫѶãй֮
Ѫᣬ㲻
һƬžУѰȻ
Զӵ𣬰Ӱԡԣӱ濴Ʋء
һȴе裬޹⣡
ǿչŵϣ̸ǿ޵УҲһҫӵ޵֮ơ
ڣⱻȫӵĹŻȴһɣֱһƹ϶ܵ

ȡ
δŭͷԣ෴һٲСѶܡ
䣡
ǰ壬һµĵͼɢʢĿĹ⡣
죡
ͼ͵һչڣӿһͷƼûĺ֮ơ
ɻûǱһ¯ӰƿĵȥͷɢǷظƵĦ
⡭
š
ĵ̺εȿɲͬϲܵס͵Ĺơ
Ѱ£ȴԵúܲ
ǿǿ֣һɽһɽߣֻǡѰӵսδ̫죬һ¯棬ƾ򷨣
⶯ݡ
ǿʥ񡯵Ľɫ
Ѱٴοڡ
μ
һܣðͷǣŭգֱȱ˳ƻܡ

˻ŭХͷһɬƹ󣬼ϸһۡ
Ϣǿʢˣ
ҶһطУͶ㣬顢ѹһеƥΰǿþˡ
ƾʢѰһ֮
һڴ¯򵥡ֱӡΩΩһ۷壬Ҳֲ۷塣
飡
̶Ƭ̣ͽſ߰˴Σʼգ޷
Ѵס緭
Ѱǿ
ǿչŵϣǿľʥ˲ûУҲ֮ÿһֻҪ𣬱Ȼܵ١ǿʥ񡱣Ϊ˸ǿյ޵
ֻǣû뵽Ż򣬻һľˡ

ʱİͷɢڣѳѷ죬ڱ֮䣬ҲѪա
ģ֮ң޷ñīݡ
Ҫɱ㣬صȵڣٲ֪ôҲá
Ѱ俪ڡ
Ȼ֮ǰûвֹҿ϶һԼ¶ɱⰽ˼϶᲻ܡ
Ȼˣһְֻڰ򣬵̫ӣʿɶֹ
۾죬Ŀѣǿ԰סڵŭѰӰ죬ȥ
֮ǰ⣬Ļ
޶֮ȻڣѰԸҺԥɱԼ
ɶŻӿֳһ˭ڸĽű䣿ǿĽ֮ذ
ķ
һܵĴ̫̬Щʧ⣬Ҫú侲һ¡

УŰ뿪ձ΢
ӣѰĿҲˣĿðһδβҰܣҲǰδеĳ
ֱţһɫᵮŻУȫ߸֪
֪Ѱһλ˲õĽɫز֮ǰǰ㡰ӡ
ϧ˵Щˡ
Ѱ´㣬ԺǰǿչŵҪСˡ
ѡ
Ѱͷʾס
һѣ±վһҲ˶η
ʵˣӴΪ˽λѹﷵһǱãѪԴϵ϶Ầ
ȻڣпܣһϣܹﰽһΣνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ˻ᣬҲܻһͰӵĹϵ
ѰȻֻλһ֮뷨ǾĸԸ֮أ˭Ҳǿ
̾û˼ٴȥת뿪
УʵҲӿһ˿Ļ⣬ܿͱĨ
ǿչŵѰʾޣ̳ڹŻ򣬻Ժִܵһ硣
ϾϿɲ˭ʸǰǿչŵ


1630 
УҲһ̾ԴǸȻСѣιŪɳ׾ûǳ¶ˡ
˵ţѰǷ
֮磬š
ѰæܿӰҽ񣬵ǰֻҺǰ֮ìܣ޹ء
ЦЦѰ£Сѣڰϣܷһԣ
Ѱǰ޷
룬˵λѹ氽һ𷵻һ
Ѱ΢УЩ⡣
׿԰ĳɼ̸λѹܹ뵽ɻᡯУȻѪ츳õ벻ĺô
͵⽫ԺУҪãϾɻٿһΣһУɲ˭ʸеġ
֪ϵǵ̳д֮Բл˵ʢᡣ
˵ʢᣬлȥáѪڻ絮֮ʼѪֻҪܲġ桯ɱ䣡
֪ζʲô
Ѱشб³ĸ֣ʣ
Ѱһ𣬵
Ƶģ˵ֻһӵгɾʹ֮ʣ
ͷЦɵ۵Ȼǰ򵥵飬ܹӵгɵ۵ʣѾ˲Щ׼ǿߣһӵʸ񣡡
Ѱ³ˣֲ˵Ƚ飬⡰Ѫκ޷ܡ
һĵ̣ǿֲˡп
ҲɻˡǴ˵бϲԱӵ֮Ⱥ˭ҲǿչŵУ޷ǿ󡣡
ǰ죬ڲĶ֣ȴ죬ɻᣬҲӶٿػɣѪ󣬱Ȼ͡ӵгɵ֮
ѰĬ˼ã˵£ҪһʾѵԸǰҾԲ
˼ԣԾѲԸ⣬Ѱڣ˭Ҳߣ
ͷ
ڵ죬Ѱдһż㣬ԼĴӡͨ;庣

ͬʱҲںͰ콻̸
ӣǴˣҿѰǿչŵϣƾսҲǿʥǰһٵС
ڣȰο졣
ҲĶ̰壬ǾǣֶΣɵ֮ǰעܽǿչŵ
˶٣ҲھŴ磬ǿչŵ磬֮Դ֮һеͳɵͥ
ͥ
֣壬κ޵Ĳ
˵ĲԽˣԽ֤Ұ̫ܵܣ
˿ѻָ侲ɬ˵㿴ѰֻڹŻУ׻ңǿչŵУӵеĵ̺սǸֲ
˵⣬Գǰֻ۾ǿʥЩϣŷ֣̫ˡ
ЩǣǱ̫أҡľе޵
ģδܣҳѣԺԲ˺Ϳˡ
һüһƬᶨ
ˣɲ١
Ψһǣνǲııô壬Ҳ֪νٹŻ游´޷ɴ£游϶ҡ
쳤̾
룬Ҫȥʦ飬ȰһȰѰ
ҡͷˣԼȥѰҾˡ
ΪԼѡͷ
ɰ첻

ڵϣһź庣
Ѱźһϱֻһ֣ģȫɾǡ
ѰһƷζʱȻ
ҲԡѪΪĶֻǣԼ̬ȣԲŻԼϡ
Ѱҵǰܷ֮ǰ죬µҴǰսأϣ
ˬһЦɡ
˻֮󣬺߷ס
һʲô˼
һ׹ʲô˼϶ھͽλѹߣֲԸλѹʧɻᡯĻԵԲŻһϡ
첻ߣѵΪһẦԼòɣ
ҡͷֻ֤ѰͰӵıùϵɲһ㣬ѽΪ¡
ͫһѵ֪ᣬŮ֮˵޽£辭峤һԪͬ⣿
Ҳ֪ʲôһ̾
æ飬϶⣬ɻĻһһʱʾ
һߣӿ顣
Ѱڴˣ϶ţ°Įıɽˣнһ档
һʱ䣬첻ˡ
续ʫ紼ơ
Ʒɼɻζ
գ컹ǴӦٵһʱ䡣

һ硣
һλؾڣһϵĺɫ̳
̳һ࣬һλӰݣ뷢ϡţ£ͷңһλ
Ѱִ˵ʱ΢΢λСѰǰǰս鷳ˡ
ƳһѰ˵ͷ
δ˵һ仰
Ѱ˵λϣһ·ϣ˼Ҵǰǰսмǣһ·۷ʲô£ޱҪϵġ
Ѱͷ
ϢѰʲôΪԽˣѰԽС
ȵִǰߺ󣬻Сѽתʦ֡
óһܷ򣬵ݸѰ
ѰС𣬺λһǺɫϼ̳
ˡ
ĺѰϵӰٿȻʧ
ڣ򣬽ֻŲƣ׷̫Ĳˡ
һ

תƣǰٿȻá
УѰȻһָоͷ·ͷ׶дһ·ǹ½֮
ߣϼԦһҳ¾ľѰдһƿռĲɫľܷɽʣɷ
Ѱ֪һһƵĲɫմȾԼǾʥˣҲ˲ͻᱻֲĿռ촷ۣ
ΪڽпռŲƣǿռǹ֮֮
һ·ϣ㴬ͷӰͣ¶ң򣬳ĬԶһ
ѰˣҲû߶ţĴܡ
ഫŻǰսһͨӵصĳǣֺһſǳɡ
ǣҲ۹سǡ̫񣬵ס˲֪еַŻƽ
ããǽ⣬ȾľѪȣ
ЩڹŻѰҲǴе֪һЩڹŻǰսϢ
Ѱݵǣǵ۹سǣšŻĵһǵֹ֮ءĺպ


1631  罣
ء
Ȼ䣬ľǰһƬѪɫŨѪ۶ɣһǺˮ
һ˲Ѱ͸оĤʹѪǰֱðǣתȫŽǿɲ⡣
ҲڴʱſѪɫУһֻɫķݸʣ𵴵λ죬նұ飡
Ǻ
Ѱһ
˼ǣŽɫɢ񷶼ըѪɫˮ޾籩
Ѱֻ嶼ľһжתҵļѹòѪ
æԪһת¯գѹƹŽ񸡳
ˣǿֵסǵȿֲĹ
ڴʱľǰϿˣɬɳƣ·Ѿܾ²˵
һλ۾ķݣݣ󷨹ģݴԽ죬Խǿ
˷ݣ䣬ڵ۾УѣǺӲڣ𡣡
һѰֻɣǿɲԼĸŽʧ١
̧ڿȥʱŷ֣Ѫɫֻǻ󣬾ǽɫҲֻһӡҲ֪ʲôԵʣϢʴأԱ
ղ̫ʱһսżѪΪ󣬲±ǨսżѲ棬ͽһЩϢ񡣡
һ̾
ѰһЩϢȴԼȿµѹȺ͸ţ
̫˼Ϳ£
ղűֲҲΪأֻǷȱһЩĥ
˵⣬㲻ٶԡ
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ľѹǰУڿռзɶɣƳ¾ɣȴ޾ռϮ
ûãѪɫ󲻼оһƬڰ紩ҹ֮С
ִľٶԷŻ١
ˡ֮ءһλ桯֮µ֮أĵطҲա
ٴοڡ
·ҪӦĻһ̣ǺڰͻȻһһѤĹ
ǺȻһһпڰƿҫ㣬ⲻľâ
˿̣ڶˣһӣľٿȻܣһ˸ԶܿƬݺ֮ء
ˣһľһ˲Ѱһֱ֮У׹ߡ
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ֱԶԶ뿪ƬΣ֮أſڡ
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ǰ۹سǵ·ϣ˶Ѫȡֲ飬Ѱû뵽ġ
Ǵϴ·룬ƾΪԽ˵һ
ϺȻҹ֮̽أһƽҸղռȥĦ
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£һ罣ѰǰӨ͸˸âţ͸˴ʹĲ֮С
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лǰ
Ѱֻǵȡʱ罣ѱƵģһѰ֮â֮Ϭ㽫Ѱ˵
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Ѱһת¯һ¯Ӱڿն֣罣С
飡
һ˲裬ֱײ¯Ӱ
Ѱҧȫ֮ţһޱȵɱ
Ƭ̣Ѱɫ
˽ֱ̫ǿʢ֮Կһλ޶Ծ˼Ŀ¡
Ѱսɱʥ˶˺ûʲô𣬿ɶ罣ʱȴԵޱȳ
ֱãѰиǿȳѪ
Ҳڴʱ罣ȻըѵĽ΢¯ڡ
ɣѰϥ
˲䣬ĽӿͷѰȻҡ
ͷ¶һ˿ɫܿͻָ
û˱Ҫһƽ⣬ǴʥѰõ
ƫƫأѰʥ֮ˣ
Ѱۣ
ǧŲˣ޿ɶȡ

Ҳ֪˶ãϥڴϵѰȻ۾һ
һ¯Ӱֶٿ֮䣬ֻʮؽÿһؽԻһǧÿһԽ籡֮ͻͺ嫣ӿʱǡƽ

Ѱתţʼ㽣ԳǬ
ֱһ糱һзŽԾѰڡ
ɣ
̫ǽһƽÿһѨУʹ֮â۳⣬꣬顣
Ѱһ̫۳һɲϬĽ⣡
֮Ʒһ̨׵ͬʱ̫ܣҲ֮ʵɱ䣡
̫Ѱ¯ڣУõô˾Ҳ֮
һУǡ罣ĺô
֮ΪãΪ¯ȡ֮˵˷̫졭δš
ڴʱϿڣоһ˿أСѣԺʱ򲻿ɽй¶ǻǸ
Ѱһݣͷлǰ̻塣
һʱľд·;Ͼ˲֪ٹ졢յ顣
лҵǿգ׹ǳʯХ£һ߿ݽߵƬ
пɲĴ籩Űĩֽ٣ϯʮأ¶С
вĵ۹ʬɢϢؽԱ
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һ·ϣѰʱʱûֱð亹һ·ϴ·ѰԻԥŤͷˡ
ʼգûֻǰǰս·;ϣ˿¡
һΣھһƬҝǿʱسһƵӰأϢ͹ᴩ飬ǳ׹䣡
ʱѰȫ𺳣ǡ
Ͻ֪ͣǴ֮£ʣµϢҲѹ֮
ߣָ֮ߣּ֮ᣬհ֮ǰںʮ֣Ե۾֮ɡ
˵Ⱦ磬ԽͻԽоߴԽŬоͻԽо˾֮Ҫ׷ϣǰҲ׷ϣ
ν죬ڣΪʥȣǿţ
һ·ԵɶѰԣȴƿһȫ´ţ֪飬ѵޱȵı顣
һ·ϣҲżѰһЩָͲ̸࣬ȴÿÿѰඥ֮С
ܵľҰӰ죬õΪȹ̺ʵʥԲزס
һ֮ϲ
Ҫ֪ѰڴӾսغ󣬲ڲɽϻȡʱΪͻʥڡ
ΪԲף֪һ·ϵľͼʶѰ洦
ν飬·Ҳˡ


1632 ۹سǣ
¾ľдϻǺһĬ
Ѱ֪λϾһλѷɫҪǿ
Ϊһ·գһЩ۾ڲµϢɱκʥ
ȴÿÿܷ׻
Ѱ֮ܰ쵽ģ
һ죬Ѱݺĥ¯ʱȻע⵽ľһƬĹ԰ǿյش
һڣʯ㣬ǿУÿһڣɢĪϢŵģһԶħ
һڣϣſһͷѪãаɴСѪ类ɣɢɭȻ⡣
˫һѪɫʮÿһԳϽӡŷܡڤģܡ
ԶԶһһ׶ĲϢĿһλа죡
ſһַڣϣе죬ڣڣʮڼȡʲôԵù֮
ڤӣ
Ѱһ㲻Լ۾
ھ֮ϾžУڤڤӽڵĹŴ̥һѣҷƣչ¶Ⱥװơ
ѰͶԷԾֹһΣһı壬ǵڤеľס˳Ѫá
ӵв˼츳
ңǿü㣬Ѱ֮ԾΣҲ䳹ɱΡ
ÿһΣԱڤƾ衰ڤ˹
ֱһνڤӻɱѰȷŽԷ곹촷ۣգڤӲѪ⻹Ǳصġڤߡ
ʱѰҿ϶ԷǷܸˡ
ǰֻӴޱߵѪã
ѰϸʱľѴƬǿշڣ֮أҲֻѪˡ
ѰȴЩ޷ƽ
ڤӣӵа˶Գ򣬳پΪ֮ǰѪãӵʮԳ򡭡
ڤӣ
ʮڤѪãӵѪ츳ģӦڤеһλӡɫ֪̫ʱǰǿչŵġѪڤʡı壬һͷ
ľǰߣϿڣƺѰЩԾ
ǰ֪ղѪʲô
Ѱһʵ
кطһ˿ȡ֮ӢĲлѪʹɱ䣬Ѫһᡣ
ѰҲģǿշڣ֮£Ų֪ǰǿʬ塣
ڤѪȴЩʬӢѪȻ˸оܲ
һ
¾ɵľٿȻͣУϿڵ۹سǣˡ
ѰȻ̧ͷ
ͼԶĵطһبؼ䣬ãã󳤣̫Ӵˣ˶ߡԶ
ϸȥȴֱܷ棬һؼĳǣޱȹޱΡ룬ͨǵأ
ԶԶһƾС֮⣬Ϊ˳̫ˣǳǳܣһſǳת㣬˰㡣

׳
Ρ룡
ǳֻתڳǳܣжôӴ
˳ǣһڵ۾ߢǳɣبأ֮ϣ⡣
ɳƵŸпŻĵһǵֹ֮أɾԡ
Ѱв񣬴˳࣬ǵ赲һ
Ʋ⣬ڴ˳Ƕ棬ͨ磿
жˡ
˵㷵ʱһ̱ɡ
Ѱʱѣлǰһ·շ
΢΢ףһӣһΰɢЮѰٿȻ뿪ľ
عʱѰѳǵ۹سǰȥѲϵӰ
Ѱҡҡͷûٶ룬ٲǰȥԽǽӽ˳ǣԽо֮С񷣬Ա̫⣡
ңſѰоĪѹϢһڣͷ·ǵ۹سϣ۾ڣڸ䡣
˳ǣʵ̫ۻΡ룬߽һǿٵذľ󣬻һſǳƣױȡ
ѰһƷζʱˣ˳£Ͻƣڡ۾Ϣ۰Ǭ
ǵ۹سǣبų棬ǰߣ
ףСޣ˭ǰֱǺ֣Ҫ𣿡
أһװĴȣΡ޴ĳǳ
䣡
һ̣׼ҡ
ѰԶٿȻһɫУ뷢ʲݣݸӣɢѪĿֲϢ
ٲӿǣѰһϣƾɽֹСС
⣬һλþսɱ׼
˲䣬ѰжϳѰǰ
Ӳӣ񽣼䣬ɨѰһ˵Ǵ˳˴ţСޣң˭ģǰսҴû㣬Ϊ﴿
˴ŵĻܲ
Ѱֵ˴ǽ֮ǰĿҪǰȫ
֣˴ɫͲ٣ֻأ֣ʲô飬һСǰ𣿡
ѰشҡͷˣȰȫִȽǰɡ񲢲ڴˣһݵ㡯ı֮ߡ
˵ţ˴һӣѰڿնٿȻһƾʧ
һ̣ѳڵ۹سڡ
ͬ嫹޷󣬿Կһſž޴Ǻʯڲͬеľ޴졣
ৣ
һ֣һǿƥĿֲʶɨѰӲֱð⡣
ɣפڵ۹سڵǿߣ
оΣ
˴һЦɫһ˿פڴ˵ЩһûһΪʥˡ
Ѱɫ̾۹سǣȻ鴫
СһҲ֪߹ǰߵɾŵඡ
˴ŹЦ
ʱһɨĿֲȫ糱ˮȥѰһظĸо
ղţôֲζһ㶼ܡ
ߣȴȥ֮ء
˴ƮȻأѰ̤ǰУһչ̤ϣٶ졣
һ·ϣѰע⵽ľ޴ǺϣһЩӰϣžüë롢ͷٲ㴹䣬ǻҳ֪˶¡
⡭
͵أѰ۾ʲôһֻɫȸһһǳ̵Խ䡣
úѰһ𣬿һ٪ƵİСߣȴקһɸߵʬ壬̤ն
٪һ߱ߣһߴУһƣƣӽյսһͷѪ׼ۣ
ѰĿ࣬ɱ׼۰٪߾ͣ
һ˴ߣ϶۹سǧˣɱʮ׼۵ˣֻ˵ˡ
Ѱֱɱ׼۵ĴڣȻݳˡ
ͻȻһƳ˵ĿԶУѩ׵С
Լɼǻڣһ޳İɫӰ֣ٳ



1633 Ź
ѩϢҫ
ǳ˵Ŀ֮ɰİɫӰ
ѰͷƤ飬ľбĸо
ǿһıֱͻȻҪľ俪
ߣ
˴һץסѰԶԶƵȥ
ֱٿǻĹ쾰ʱ˴ɫӵ
ഫ̫һλϴڵһӢ飬ǰΪۣ컯һս˸ֻɱ֮أɱö޲̸ɫ䡣
ȻֻǴ˵𺳣ڰ֮ݺ۳ңǵսǺεȸ죿
ϧ̫ʱ۹س⣬۾֮սǰδ֮ңλ˥ߣڵΧ֮Ȼ㡣
ʱΨһźδټԼһ棬Ӣڴˣ¹ȥӢ겻أΪ˱˶
˵⣬˴һ̾
̫ʱڣһս췭ظɱǬߵŻ򱻰һΧλƴУҲ޷ɵĽ֡
£޲̾Ϣ
Ѱʧò૵λǰһ֮ˡ
ɲԹŶޣ˭ָλ̫ǿһλħۣšħۡ
˴겻ѡ
ħۣ
Ѱμסƣһħƣȴֻźûܼһ棡
ǰûã˴ѰһƬɾƵϼڣϵ۴αȣǧشѤá
˴һͭǰ㣬֮أڴ˵Ⱥǡ
Ѱʵǰ֪ʱܹ
˴룬ҡͷ˵ʱ䣬ƵƵǵʮߡݵ㡯ϵġ׺ءսǼңڡ׺ءפء
˴ŵĽͣѰ֪۹سǣ֮ӣ粻֪硣
ˣҲһ˸ݵ㡱ÿһݵ㣬һذ
ÿһذ֮ľ룬ܸżλ棬ҪȥĴͷ
񡰲׺ءѰǴ˿ڵġء֮䣬͸ʮذ·;ңԶ
ֻӰǰսֵĴ·ܵȼϢ𡯣Ϣ˲䴫ﵽÿһذУСһȰ㻹ǵȴΪãϢɲá
˴˵
Ѱ룬Ӧ
ֻ֮ܽУһƬѩҶӴ̸ʲô¡

Ѱڡءľס£ֻء
ؼ˵ǵ۹سǵһݵ㣬ʵǳ֮ӣب֮䡣
פڴ˵׼۾ʮλˣλʥֲС
ûսʱЩһŶùŻġϹҪôҪôԼ顣
ѰĵٺĿ⣬ʱƣû˹עһСһ
ѰҲֵУǵһǰ۹سǣżйһհ֮ΰƾ
ʱץʱ
塢ֵѡ϶ΪһΩΩһΪҲʥԲز
һǡʥ
ʥһ֡
Σϣ
ԹһȺһ֣֣ɡһ͡ˡɡ
ˡһʮȥġһ
ԴˡһᡰˡΪ󡱣Ԣģ
ʥ֮ΪʥУɱ䵽һ֡ģľء
дԣд
Ѱ˴ʥֻһ֮ң
һȥ죬ơȥһҲֻʥ޷
һǵż
Ѱԣ֮кĥƾԾ֮;ɾʹʥ֮
Ҳ֪ãʥά裬ǰŸվΪʥٶѿƾס
ңƾҲԲ޿ܰ쵽
ҪĻԵҪҪĥ衱Ĵĥ¼
ֺͭ徲У˻벻֪ʱš
죬ѰӴһʱ䣬Ѿȥ˰ˣѶء
̾һѰ𣬳ȥ
һſŴǸѭǺ½ذľʯ֮ϡ
ѰŲǰУЩϤ˵۹سǵһУҲʱǰ
Щפڴ˵ġϹǡû˼ġС
ԶȻһӵЦɱĵ۹سԵΪעĿ
Ѱһ̲סȥ
Զһ֮СɽȪϼת
һȺӰΧ£СɽǰһƽϣŮ١
ÿһϢԶȥɼˣ˸еޱѹȣͺñһȺʨצɱϾʨϢޣ
ǡءеһȺ׼ۣҲвʥڡ
Χ£ĵطڶġ
һͷڣɣɷǰߣһϮɫۣ̬ݡ
ѰϵöԷӡ׼Ϊһλʦ⡰ءһλΪϹ
פڵ۹سаǧأ
Ӷ棬Ȼ˴ţ
ò㣬׼˿ȴ࣬ץһƵľģ
ֱẉ̂˼⡣
΢΢Цţһʤȯյ̬
׼ۣѿʼЦ
˴ţɣ¨ӣڡŹġӮӣҿԡ
죬ʱ䣬ˣҾҪϷֶעˡ
Щ׼ۻ٩ϷʳЦ
˴㾿вУӿѺעҩ͵㷭̣úһء
Ҳܻһ׽ģ
һ˴ź֮ĶģͬʱҲһľ֣ЩϹﶼв롣
ɺȻѺϵ˶࣬Ѻ˴ϵ١
ˣѰȻ
ЩϹڴս̫ãҲį̫ãһĶѣǵˡľ֡֡
ѰǰͼνġŹġ
һƤƶɵľŹͼڵϣŹλһհ׵ġ硱
ʱЩհ硱вõƽ󣬾ĵʤ
磬ڡǬڲ˴ţôӾ͵ȥ˴Ʋˣ˴Ӯһ֡
Ȼڡв˴Դơ
ɹߣӮһ֡
ʧܵĻζһ֡
ŹͼϣоŸλžŸհ硱ʱҲоŴΣٰճɼʤ
ǾŹġ
ƴģʵǵһ衣
Ѱ˴Ѿ֣һܼͲٽȥ˴Ѿˡ
չأ˴żҪĵ˭Ҳûֹ
ҲЩЦ£˴ŵİܾѶע췦ŤתĿܡ


1634 鱦
˴۾ɴϢأžŹͼһ
һζģѹһսɻ׼۱ѵõ𣬼Ϊѵá
ǰˣɾٲˡ
˴ɣȰ㲻֪ٴΣϼһġ转ɲǰӮġ
转һһĹ屦ҵ׼ûʲôãڴʥΣȴ𵽡ľãÿһζ޼֮
˴Ҷ֪ԼıһݸԵ¿ǿ󲻵á
Щ׼۷׷׿Ȱ
ǰ֣ȷûʤ㡣
ѰҲ̲סڡ
˴̧ͷһۣûģС޿ЦҲȰ䣬Ĳʹ𣿡
ѰҪ˵ʲô˴ѷһ̾հհգˣЩ϶ԹϷֶעˡ
Щ׼۷ЦʼӹϷֶע
ЩѺ˴ϵϹһɥѡ
˴üǱɥɱƨ޵
ЩϹԷ˸ۣһ˭¨ӣ˭Ǵģ
˴ɫҲΣЩÿκӶľͻ׳죬ҲʵԵúܶ
ֻǣ˴Ŵ뿪ʱһ
֪ܷǰģ
ѰֱӶ棬ʵ
ЩϷսƷϲش뿪ϹʱԵסˡ
СӣҪӶģ
۹سУ˭֪ϼһıûУΨڵһϣȴܹھȺףȺۣ
˴Сǵİɣǳţ»ΣҲɼΡ
ЦԴ˲ΪȻ
ɼΣҿǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
üʥΪçײðʧԺͱ¨Ӳɡ
ˣˣ˭ûЩϼһɲԽݣһСƽϡ
˴Բ
֮ЩϹ侪Ͳ⣬ǲδ¶ʲô⡣
˴Ͻ߰ɣԺȳΪ׼ʱӶҲ١
Цſڡ
˴Ҳ˰죬ָѰҡͷʧЦ㰡㣬ʱʲôңߣϽ뿪⣬ʡñЩ϶Ц
˵ţҪקѰ
ʼգϥǣ΢΢ЦţգݣȥѰСƽϡ
ǰѵҪ转ˣ
ɾڴʱѰһ仰˴ŵĶ͵ͣͣɴ۾Сӣ˵ʲô
Ѱ˼ڵ˵ҿһԣӮһЩ转
ԡŹġܸȤּϲ֮УϾǵѵһֽ׾ͽӴһѪҺС
Ӯ
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˵֮ǰǶѰǲ֪ߵغھһֲ֪ˣ֪ôζˡ
ڳ˵ݣԲΪһСС֪ˣ˺ܲˡ
ˣȷҪģ
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ѰͷȻ
ٴˣüСӡǲײĲᰡ
֪ӶģҪ۵ġ
һݽ޵¸˴ţղžóһͷӮˣԻþ转ˣ͹С
˶٣¸˵ҿһСҲΪȰĪҪ£˲Ҫ˱ǿɾͲֵˡ
Ѱֵǰģзִ硣
¸˼ˣʱɺٶȰ
ЦȻҪģǾóһôһƣǷʸȥӶġ
Ѱʹͷһֳһҩ
ͨӲӣŰƬɫʲһҶӣÿһƬҶӽӳֳһֵֻ壬룬ɫɫ⥡
࣬һӲӵ˲ΣƮҩŨܽ͸˵Ĺ衣
鱦Σ
ҩѰӷսвߢ͡ҹ١һؼһһĵر
һӣȫϹﶼ¶ɫ⣬ñ
ǵΪȻ˲жϳҩ֮󣬾Բڡ转֮¡
û뵽Сӻȹ屦ֹΪ졣
ҲȣеˣˣӣСóıԺһˣעͶΣ
ϹҲЩ⶯
û棬ҲƤȥһĶʵǣⱦ̫ϡȱˣ
Ŀ΢΢ףɡ
ֻǣ˴ȴ󼱣Сӣ򲻿ɣ˵ȱһǿҪˣҵģЩ϶棬ǿǰͲ˱
ѰЦǰһҩѣ֮ˣοûжأ֪ұ䣿
һϹ԰鱦ΪȣѰ˻ҲüСӣ湻ģ
ʱѰϥأ鱦ηһ࣬Ŀ̹Ȼӣǰͽ̡
ˣ˴ųһ֪̾ȰסⲻײǽͷСһˡ
ӵȻˣһϾʱϷǿָһ·ɾŹĿɲһǶģԵƽϷɾκ飬ɿ
һٲȻи˷緶
Ѱȴ붼룬ͷԵˡ
ü̾ҲգϷԴСһ֡
ţȵע
һλ׼³˵ţͽһɹӲӵóѺӮ
˼ˣҲ׷עڶӮ
Сӻͷۡ
˴ųü˵ȴһѺѰӮ
ѰһЦЦûж˵ʲô
ҲѺλСӮ
ϣ޾׵¸Ҳóһ͵СѵһЩɡ
Ѱ˹֣ȴס顣
ܿ죬оͶѻ౦ƷǷӳѤñϼʡ
׼ۺʥóıѰɫ
һĻʥĿ಻ɣȫһˡ
ɶڳЩϹԣֻ˵һСġ
οʤȯգΪ¾ǷˮҲѰ֪Ѷˣķڷ䡣
ֻǣѰĿһɨЩõλǰһ֮룬ӮˣҲҪЩֻҪλǰܹʥʱĵӡ
һɫˣСӡȻΪܹӮ
˻ߣȻССͣ˿ǲԼа
УӦ㡣
һӦֻǴһ˿ڽҵҪСӸӮ
Ҳ½ӦʥһЩĵöѣʹ޹أǵó
ֻǣǿɲΪѰӮˣ



1635 ꣬󾪹
Сѣ롣
ɫѻָƽɷǣֹʦ緶
á
Ѱͷһ˼⣬һöӣ˾ŹͼһλáǬϡ
ɽӡطƣֻһܽԼ˼ĵƽӡС
ˡ
ѰӣǬλϵġհ硱ٿȻһƽ󸲸ǡ
ֻȭͷСλãʵһͽС
ǿռ䷨á
ʥառ򡱵ɽӣҲɽ֮䡣
׼۶ԣƿؿռؾ͸ˡ
һƤŹͼһռ䱦
С󡣡
ڳϹһ˲ϳѰõ󷨣ҡͷȽҲ̫Ѱ
˵ӣǳ֣֮
ӣᰡ
кЦҲᶨѰذɡ
Сӣʲô壡
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֮ǰʶؽѰ֪ߵغ̸ϱĺͲмֻΪԷ֪֪ˡ
ڣǲ͵ʶˣһϣż䲻衣
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ཻԣǶžģΪ۹س⣬˭֪һϵ裬áھȺסݣ
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һΣûбõóһֵƽ󣬿ɱˣֻ֤ǰˣܲһ㣡
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˵С֮֡־Ѱһ֡ϲıʤ
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һΣһʱ䣬ɫһӣƵ
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ͬģѰҲС
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ž
һʱѰƵ֮һϹﶼݡ
Ľеˣѽ֡
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飬ڵ۹سѾܾûˣ˭Ҳû뵽һ󱲣ܺɱƽɫ
һʱ䣬˶ԴѰ̬ϣ΢ˡ
Ϲжҡˣ֤֮ǰ飬۲ʶ
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ڴ˹УҲźѹ֡
Ϊʥ׼ۣпڸ֮С
ȶģ̫ѵãҲ̫ټ


1636 ޻
߾֣Ѱ֮ڳһϹɫأü両ֳһĨɡ
Ϊ׼ۣԶѰɱȣȴǾһʦ
ʱֻɽ֣ɬѵ޷аء
ǣһǶģҲܻ鹹֮עС
ССͣһĵʦ
һ̣ϹԸҿ϶Ѱһϣʦ֮
𺳣ʦַʦʦ֮
ڹŻУһʦԱһϵͳ
һǧʦУӿֳһƴʦһƴʦĵλһͳƽ̶֡
ڵʦ
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ӣפص۹سǵǧ˲֪ٵĴͽ󣬸֪ס˶еַ
˵ӻսһЩ׼ǿ󣬿ȴ޿ȡģ
ʶѰ˵ҪӶʱŻЩϹԸоܻΪ֪ߵغ
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СѣУ
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ʱƣѰһܵʱüʱǲδ¶κȻ֮ɫ
һֱڹ۲ɫӶпȻǺηԼʱָԷǸԷһѵ֪Ѷˡ
δЩдˡ
ѰչֳֶΣӶеһ־ޣٲҽ䵱

ڰ˾֮󣬿ɲǰƵģ
뵽⣬ӴǹһĨײ֮ɫ

Ѱüͷһš


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ֻǣ˴Ÿ˵仰ʱͼգܵѰȻһӡ
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ɶһϹԣȴƽף嶼һ
Ϳҹλϣ֮ĭ׷ɢƮͷףһա
Ȼıɹˣ
УѻȸԾ

ףԪڿ֡


1637 ˣ
⡭
һϹﻢһĿࡣ
ǵݣ䲻֪پ춯صĴ£ȴǵһμ˷˼鷢
һˣ漣㽫Ϊŵһˣ
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Ͼɫĵʦ˭һ겻ˡ
ڡ
Ѱӣת˲֮䣡
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޾׵·ҲһһֻƵİڸʱϣĴ˵ЦݣѰĿⶼһֳƵĴ顣
Сӣˣ
ЩǣԼŮҲƵϲۣɫ㣬ǷСӣ
ʱ˴ǣ΢΢ֹʧ
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գǱƵˣ
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ͬʱӴѪٿȻ䣬һΰӰƾа
ѪƮҷѪ꣬羫ϸƵģдһа
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Ѫ귢һ˿̾ϢУź˵Ĺ⡣

ѪһģֳһʮֻѪɫӶɵĹ조Ѫɫ̨
ϣŷܶڤķţٰѪƮڤӵԴ
ʱ꣬ڤ̨ҵ޽ˡ
Ѫૣ͵ЦͷѪɫ裬ԴԺھʥҿ޵У
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ѪӰʧ

ʱţھžֶѾʮ졣
ʮһδľ㣬ֻǣݵص£Ų԰֮ɫ
ͫУѪ˿
һϹĶû˸ҾӣΨֵ˼
Ƕ֮̾ģ۹سǣֻ֪ͬ·ǲŲɡ
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ҲܽնĽڳһϹڶԴѰ̬ϣ˷츲صı仯
η

أľڶˣһзڵϲãˣ
˾һ
˴һϼһ֮
СѣϷɾͲˡ
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ʱѰ治ɫ
һӣߵڡй
ʱ׷ɣѰ֮ɢڡ
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ŵ˵һζģƽֵһΡ
ǵɹʹ졢֮УҲױȵġ
ǣѰȴûʧܵľɫ


1638 ɱھ
СӺóȵԣ
ӰԲ죬ȶģ׼ﶼƣɶԷȴƻ벻⡣
СѣĪҪ٣ܺϼһɱȵزѾ˲ˡ
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ҶԼʥʱĵУһ𽻸Сѡ
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Сһ㣬ҾԺһ죬ܽ϶ſ¡
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̫ܲĴܺʹ
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·ڣɱڣСѣҪҪҰһ٣
ӻһЦ
ЩϼһڹԼԴС

ڴʱѰͬЦλǰҿھžֵĽֳʤ
һ㶣ʶΪСӸòǱ̫󣬳ܲס˰ɣ
ģѾˣǿɶ
ҲĿŲƣ¿Źͼղûзʲôס
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Сӣһʱ֮ܶѣҪ̫ƫִˡ
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˶ԣûʲôֵ
ɶĥʥѰԣȴ޼֮
Щĵãܿ·˴ӡ֤ҲԸԼĵ;ôߡ
ѰһһлҲοѡ
һ˵۹س֮Уˣ˵פһϹһΪǰˡ
ܹϵõһЩɺͻһ컯Ҳûʲô
Ҳʹ죬һƿ转ѰⶣСѣ̤ʥ֮󣬴Խ˱ĥľмǣ򲻿ȫ˴Ǽһ
˴ûӲ顣
˶Ц
ѰҲЦˣЩǰķ緶ȣҲΪۡ
룬ʼǲûΪԼһСųͿԼ
СѣԸ̫һ
޾׵·ЦڣѰ룬жѰܸȤ


1639 
ѰӦ˴žͽеãȾƣ
ϹҲ壬ҪȾƣ˵ʲôʹ죬ȴվʤ˼һ
ѰˣҲʹӦ
·˼ˣвһ̾˻ᣬԼŮܸѰ
룬תȴһƾ֡
аȻҲҪƣóǵ˴Ҽǵһ̳˽صѩӿҲóдˡ
·һ˴ţһЦǿѵͷӦõģӦõġ
ӣҼǵһǧŰǰһսھһ𣬾˵̫ʱĳλ۾ЯأҲϰɡ
·Ƴһۡ
ӿЦǵȻ
˶Цտпڸˣ
ҲСξûζȣϲŻңԱϺҰζɵø¶һ֣ţóƵġɼͿԡ
㣬أľ׼ۣǧ˲֪ٵҲóôƷζһˣһҪСҡ͡ϼ桯
·˵ϹһһЦѡ
ãŮ˷Ҫ˽صıһ򾡡
ǣ·䣬˭ʲôƶһ
Ѱ۽硣
Сߴˡ
˴Ѱ򣬳̾Ц
ҲգҵȱͨȨΪѰСѽӷϴ
ӻֵ
·ЦڣǾ߰ɣȥҵġ޹ǿɲӣһҲˡ
ֻǣҪжʱԶȻһƿһɭѪϢҲ֮
ѪڤСӣ
һϹüͷһ塣
ѵһƬǿطˡ
˼
ߣù֮˵ĲѪӢаħҲûʲô𡣡
ߡ
Ǻǣ˭ôǰѪڤʵĵϵ᣿ţ񳯾ѣֹ̤Ͼ۵;ѳΪʥе׿Ҳ޷ϣȷʵܲ򵥡
Ц
ľˣСģҲ²ⲻλŮɻδġ
˴Ц˵
·ߣɫһĨ֮ɫһţҿɲŮ
̸ʱһѪƿնǵ۹سڣ̾Ų֪Ϲ
һѪȴԵúǿƣֱִ˴ߣٿȻסֳһ޳ΰӰ
ѪѪѪɫ磬ٿдһĨаǣа
ѰȻһУɫ
ڤӣ
Ȼ
ִ۹سǵ·ϣһֻʮԳӴѪãſһǿշڣϼȡʬ֮Ѫǡ
ֻǣʱѰţھ֮еڤӡ
ʱԷѰܲ⣿
йءѰĿɱڤӣֻʣһ⣬ȴصߣֻ¾ڤӡĹؼ
ϣڤӸһִڳϹֱӽĿ⿴·ˣֵ
ǰѳɹʥ޵֮ʶһʱǰҪϢ
ϲɺء·ޱ飬ԴӲ
ڤȴ벻ƵģЦǰǰ˵ھʥ̤޵֮ͬ⽫Ůҡ
˵꣬ͱ·˴ϣֻ˵ﵽһʸȥӴɴû˵һҪ㡣

Ѱһòԡػʽ硱޹ɣ
˿̵ڤɫһü䷺һĨ֮ɫ俪ڣ
ǰ׼۴ڣһ֮뢣˵ĻѵҪڣ
һ仰ͱˣ
Ѱ죬ڤĵҺһλ׼˵
ٿϹɫ䶼üѣȴδѵڤӵ·ϡ
ƺڼɵʲô
ڣ
·âһһεĿֲѹٿɢ
飡
ƾڤӣֱӱѹء
Ѱжһ̾׼ۣһǵƱԨֲޱߣ
·˵һڣ㻹۹سҰҲ㣬ƾֵҲȢŮⱲӱˣ
УŲм
ڤɫô˵ǰǿҺۣˣ

·˺Ȼ¶˵Цݣô㻹в̫Ҳɣ԰Ҳ۸һСȥ˰ɣҵҪҺΣ
Цģ޶ˣɸϹﶼ֪ľ˶ŭˣ
ڤŭֻš
۹سǣȷ˸ǣΪŲϹ궼ǰѪڤʵĲ£λѪڤʵĺȻǰٰա
ҲΪҺ·׼۶ŵĵڡ
Ⲣ۹س޷졣
СһǲǺ֣ڤΪθţܼ򵥣۹سǵĵһ˹ֵĿɽ
˴źȻѰսΪԵʣ۹سУڤСֵٳ񣬴Ҳһƽϡ
ΣڤӾľŮע⣬͵ڴľ˵ĵߡ
˵⣬˴дһĨģʵӭȢ˼ŮҲˣ˭СǶľŮѪɻһκѪڤ崹Ρ
⣬Ѱų׹̲סʵǰľλŮǷǸԵػʽ޹
˴һ㶣һЦŹֵСǲ綢˼ˣ
ѰЦЦÿɷȴԭ
֮ǰھսѰҲԷһƽ̸һؾ˾׵Ůӡ
ֻѰȴû뵽Ǳľˡ̡
ʱڤɫ粻ľ˵ǿ̬סﻢ£˲õľȡ
ٴҲ¹ˣΪԼȥľ˺
ͷķֲġ
һʱ䣬ƾ㽩š
һϹﶼ¶ζЦݣΪѪڤʵĺᣬʻƿ˸񣬿Ϊ˾̫ˡ
ţ
أڤĿⲻһƳٿȻһϤӰ˶һ£еѰ
ڳϹһڤӺѰ໥ʶ
ɺܿ죬ǾͲԣΪڤӵɫһӱ˷˿̹ĵĳУɱӿ
û뵽ʵû뵽֮󣬾۹سС飬ĪǾ⣿
ڤЦ
ȷܿܣЩڵ۹سǣǷ
ΪģҪѩܣѰ޾ͺĴУ
ѵھʥһȫµز޵аĴڣɵǣ£Ѱˣ
оͷ·һ
һϹﶼüѰڤӲʶһǳˣ
ľ˶⣬ȻСѣ


1640 ǽ
ѰվЦ̸ǵҺˣüζΪɱˣȴƫƫֶˣֱéʯͷҪӲ
һɫŹ֡
̫⣬û뵽Ѱһˣҫ۵ս
ڤӿɲ򵥣Ҳܷϣ̡츳Կǵһһ̳ǿþˡ
˭뵽ڤȴɱΣ
һʱ䣬ǿѰĿⶼһ˿棬ܹһϣӶ˸ͷܹڤӣ̫ˡ
СӣϾŶܣ
С飬ڻ֪ôд𣿡
ڤӲըѰĻ˿Σ³ɺȫӿͷɱҲ֮ǡ
䣡
һɲѪƣɭȻɱʵʵѪɫ̣
Ҫʲôǵ۹سǣֹڶ
˴ɫһȳ
Һ飬λ޹أ˺ñ֣ұ֤˭ù
ڤҧгݡ
ʥҲзŭʱ̬һ޿ֵΪ
˿֮ڤӡ
һϹԲãڤӲ˳ˣΪһɽͿԲǷУ
øλǰЦˣֻҵûһﳹ״蹷ҧ
ѰЦų˴šľ˵˹˹֣˵ĵҲҺ˽ҵϣ˻ܳ׽һ¡
⣬ȴҲһ־Ȼ
ˣֹڤҪɱѰԭѰͬҪô˻ڤӣ
ңðٺòλɶˣСԼ
ڤӴЦѪ裬ɫɭȻ
ǰһϹڳѵһʱ䶯ˣϻ
Сӣǵ۹سǣĻڤӣ˭Ҳ㽫ɱˡǹأ˭ӡ
˴ŷɿ촫Ѱ
ѰʱüֹڤӣͬҲòһϹĸܣҲ͵ڡ
νۺˡ
Ѱһ仰ҲҺһ
ڤӴȣԼɱ۾ɺ£ʵ̫ѩˡ
ƣ
һ׼۳ȳ⣬ѵ۹سǵʲôˣŲűڱ㽫ѹΣ
ڤɫòߵҶħˣħ֣ܲƻذɣ
ȻҪս
˽Ŀ⿴ѰζԣֻҪ㲻ӦڤƾٽҲǰ״
λǰҲˣҲӦ蹷ҧ˲ɣˣ㽻ɡ
Ѱɫƽ䡣
ͬ˴λᣡ
Ҳգ˴㿪ħǽжԾˡ
ľ̾һԸ
˴ŵ˵ͷ͵ƾնһӣطһҵ
һ޴ޱȵֶ̨Ӳӷ⣬ɬĽƲ
ħ
۹سУ޷ͣľ׺ִѡħн
սУǲֳģǵ۹سʱµĹء
ৣ
ڤӺԥһʱͳħӰУɺ졣
Ŀ䣬·Ѱ
ըء
ſ̬ȣһϹԺܲڤӡֱ޷죡
СѣȷҪԾ
ľЩǣѰǰսʤڤӣɱϾǴǰʱڵڤӣѺͬˡ
ǰУڡͬҲУ
Ѱ˵գ̤ն𣬽ħɫݣɰ
һϹˣȰ
עܻᷢ
ֻǶЩǣЩڤһֱڵ۹سǿޣǶУڤжǿ
ɶѰʵΣȴ˽⣬ܿҲ̤ͬʥ̲һ㡣
ɱ
ħУڤӼǵһʱҪ֣Ѱ಻סɱ֮

ѰȴȻ
ڤӰһͣɫǫ̂ˣ겻ħĵҲСˣ
Ѱ΢΢һЦӦ˭ӮԲֳܷ⵱Ȼ˲ʹ죬һ飬Ծ֮ǰҲһЩΣ
ڤĿã
Ⱥ£ܲӦ

ѰһӣһѪɫڤӰԪһȾѪյİ߲ͭƾ͸ֶ
Цڣˣ͹㣬Ӯˣ㽫һڤΣ
ɣ
ڤӲըԪͭܣıֻǵھ֮ʱѰˡ
ڣԷ޳ܵҪԴΪעĺն񣡣
޷̵ǣһﾹĵƺ̣
ԪѪӶܣǰѪڤ̤۾֮ǰıţѰСܹڤˡ
˴Ŷʱˡ
ϹҲɫǵȻܲʶԪѪӶܡ
ô㲻ң
ѰԴ⣬ȴűġ
ڤ͵һֳһͨڣſɲɫԵ񽣣Լħ˻ֳһɭľ
ڤεȱĿ⵱עд˽ڣ㹻ˣ
ǽ
˴šľ˵˽Զݡ
˽Ԫһʥض£ŵڤУɱ֮񾪡
˽ɱĵˣᱻڽڵġڣܵʹޱߵĥͼ尾
ͬǽҲǰѪڤʵ彣
ѰһаԸпڤһϵıﲻҪ̫࣬ԼԣһһͱͯӣÿζܴԼһЩϲ
ãͶѽ
ǲ˼ѰʹӦ
ߣҾò
ڤ俪ڵ˭䣬ҪߵףԴ⣬ҲҶģ
ȻҲЩϹڣɱѰֻ¶Ը
ܽѰȵ£޾裬Ҳǿȳһڶ
ȷҿЩģ˻᲻ˡ
Ѱɫ
ô˿ţһˣ
ڤɫ䣬޵
ﻹδ£Ѱ಻סɱ⣬Ȼ
ѪɫڣһŰ񱩵ƥƣ俪֮ɱ
¡
ɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬ɲѪɫɱ⸲ǣʱڤӣڤ߳ľаͨǵء
ָУһѪɫ貵ĴӡХѹա
һϹһǿǵľʥ֮
Ѱ˲ܣӰ翿飬赭дһư
ˣ
ײغ⼤
˵һĻˣѰƼ򵥵֮ȴһ˲䣬ͽɱѪɫӡķɡ
ڤѸͶӰҲɽƣ͵һΣĵ˳ȥ
ף
˴šľ˽Ȼɫ
νһƶѣȴζţѰҲѲѰľʥ



1641 ڤӡ
û뵽㾹ǾʥԲزΪ
ϣڤ¶֮ɫȻЩֹΪͻͽѰеʵҲͬˮǴߡ
ϧҲˡ
ʱڤһչ
꣡
һɵѪɫ磬ա
˲䣬ڤٴζˣѪɫӡа㣬͵ƿҳ
һӡȭͷСѣʱȴӿֳʮѪɫ
ÿһħӰ˻𣬳ǧɲ㱼䣬ؼ䣬ڤ䣡
ڤӡ
һϹﵹһ˲õľױʮѹأĿֲܡ
𣡡
ڤͿ񱩵Ĺͬ
ѰԭأһӣУ͸ֳһؽÿһؽԻһǧҫâ罣֮
һɲ类ѵĽ
ʮؽ
ȥ
Ѱһһؽɽϯȥ
飡
һײ
ѰĽεȰԵǰһλ۵ġ罣۳⣬κξʥ˵
һıУ񣬽һƿ
򣡡
ڤдڤӡȻ⡣
һܻƸǿӿֳһͷͷħӰÿһ죬ɲ
¡
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һϹ¶ɫ
ֻǸտʼ棬չֳʵ֮ǿǶ۽磬е⡣
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Ѱͻ֮ͣſն𣬲糱ǵ֮ضɫ䡣
ֻǿʼĽ档
ȫʱǸкεȸɲܣ
ﲻҪˡ
أѰЦǰ̤һͷڿΡ
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ȵʥԪ뷨ڣ򵥵һȭȴֳرҵĺơ
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ڤɺҲһ̷һ˿ɫ
֣ʶԼ֮ǵĶ֣ӵеսҲǿ
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˱ڤѪ죬ʮ֮磬׭ǧصƣѪڤʼڡѪǧꡣ
ڤӴӳоѣҹ֮Ѫ˱Ѳͬն
һ̣ڤӶֶΣڤӡȻŹǬʮһѪɫ磬֮С
һʱ䣬ڤףУ
һĻڳϹﶼеһ˿ޣòпڤǰѪڤʵĵϵᣬֲֹ̿бҲ˲á
ʱѰǺһȭɱ
¡
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ѰѽһȭԼƺУ
䣡
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ڤڶݣ¶ɫһɲԥ߷ڤӡȫܡ
ô䣬Ѱȭ޿ƥУɱǿƵһͿ
һϹﶼ˴ڵˣȻ͵ȵزˣ
֪ǵʥʱԶԶûս
飡
գѰһȭӡǴڤӡϣУڤӽµֱը
ڤˣĵˣѪһ󷭹ٿѰʱĿѴŭ
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Щ㻹ûжٳ
Ѱ˵ʱӰٿȻŲƣ̽͵һץҪǴڤӡȡ
ң
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䣡
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˴ų
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ħУսң󣬼ѰڤӵӰֻһһѪ棬ÿһײ͵⡣
Ҳҿħ۹سڣֻ¶ñƻǽ塣
飡
һײѪɫӰձˣȻǱѰһȭõɣն鿪
ڤӣó汾£ǵ𣬵Ҽʶʶ£ƾڵֶΣԶԶ
ѰգӰӲӣɣȴħǵȷɣֱһϹǶզ಻ѡ
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ڤŭɫÿ£֮ǰˣԵЩǱƲδܵʲô˺
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ڤĮȻ
ӿֳһͨǵأΨ޵з緶˵ϢҲ֮һ䡣


1642 ڤ
䣡
ڤ޳壬ӿѪɫ⣬˾֮ףͷѪƮһƵĵ⡣
Լɼ£ֳһ̨Ѫһ㸲ŷܻɬڤĵĳ򽻵ɡ
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һʥһԿ˸ľսǿÿ£ѹһҲ£
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ڤӲսȴھ۳ʥʣҪȲ١ڤ˾ﶼҪǿ᲻١
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ۼ۵ݹ۾˭һɷ١
ûУ
УҲԲڤӣ
ֻڤӴ˿չֳϢѰжϳ
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ڤ̤նһѪɫ磬ž춯صĺһư
ӡΪڤ̨֮״ѪȣֳǱ飬Ŀֲ
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ڣϣԽӵеȫǰͷųСͷΪۡ޵֮ơ
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ѰȻ壬ħŲգȭɱֱӡ
ȭӡཻշ׷ɢǿɲĻ𲨶ħ͵ҡһ¡
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һΣһӡǵذ̨¡¡ɱ£һ֮֮ǰǿ˲ֹһ
Ϲﶼ΢΢ɫ䣬óֵ׼
Ϊһֲ̫֮ǿʢټħ͵˲
ֻǳϣѰܣɫһ˿ţ¶һĨڽ
ͨ˾޵еķš
ȷţҲиߵֵ֮ģ
룬֮ǰһδν棬Ѱףڤӵȷˡ
֪֮ǰսɱѰûжá¯İأѾסڤӵ㹥ƣ
˵ʱʱ죬ڤӵĵھɱͨ죬Ϣնҡ
ѰûٱǼ򵥵һȭ
ֻ֮ǰȣȭ֮⾳ȫһˣغ¯С
¡¡춯صĺ쳹ħУǻҡľϯɢನɱκѰʥ
һϹĿǣ̳ɢݾѰڴ˿ȴԭأӰبŵһڴ¯޾˷Ϯ
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ǰãھʥУ޵żڣ£ڴ˾
ʵϣ֮ǰɱУȷޱʹ죬ѰѹƵö̧ͷ
ʩչڤھʱ÷ֳʤѰѹصĴ㡣
ƫƫǿһУ⣡
⧲ĴڤӶЩ¡
ֹڳһϹԭ˳ӪȵĴ㣬ڤӳ̫أѰ
룬һĻ
ǿֶҲЩˡҲգĳһᣬʶʶʲôŽ
ħУѰȻ
һ仰ʯ쾪
СӣҲѵ
ЩϹĿ
һ̣ǾͼѰչ塣

ڴӿĺȼշڰ㣬˳ֳһȻĪĴơ
ǡһ¯գѹŽδ
ǿֲƸһͷţؼ䣬һֲЩϹﶼһ
ʲô
Ϣ˻ɬͿֲ
ٿѰӰƾգиɽӣִǬ֮ƣ֮ǰȫһˡ
Сӣصĺ
˴ࡣ
ԽԽãʥѣʥɾ̫ˣӣѿʥ
ľƵ
ʱħеڤٴУɫǰء
ѰϢı仯ܵޱȵѹ֣ڱܣԥȫƴǰͷš

ڤһָ˲䣬ɳŵӡÿһӡӳֳһһڤ̨
ӡһع˷ʧɫ
ƺε֮嫣ڣȴڤһ֮ãȫעһС

ڤһȣӡٿһһӲӷѪɫ̨ѪɫĥɣǷڤģͻ͡
ȥ
һһ̨ʱҵйĿ꣬ڿն𣬳Ѱɱȥ
ڤѹ׵ֶΣһ֮ǿһ֮ʢ˸䣡
һĻ˶ס


1643 ɢͯ
նףһɺѪڤ̨ܻӡȴֲĵ籩ħŰ
һһϹﶼ޷ˡ
⻹һλʥܹӵе
̫ס
Ѱɫϲһȭ
ɲǼ䣬ޱߺʥԪںӿ޾ҫ
ǡƺ¯ӳ֣֮
¡
ҡػΣ޹⡣
ۿɼѰȭ֮ﲻƣ޷޿赲޿ƥС
ڤǿһεȿֲ죬һȭǰȴӲ俪
꣡
ɺѪڤ̨Ȼըֽ㲻
һϹĿע£һȭ֮ݺݽڤ˺ɡ
۵һڤӿڱѪǰ飬¶һɫƼС
ӦһĹűɴʱȴݳһȭӡйѵס
Ԥд˼еֵ⣬ڤӴ˴֮ܵأ
Ҳ˵Ѱһȭֹڤӵǿһ˶ɣܵ˺
ţ˴šľ˵˽ɫ㱡
Ϊ׼ۣḻޱȣȾ֮ϵ޵жԾ
ڤ֮ǰչֳ޵зѾ㹻ֲ޷ˣ˭룬ѰҪ
ѰСѡһ˲ð
ڤŵԿ϶ǣѰСӦҪ̤˾
һȣǣѷɫ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬Ϲп̾
СһһǿһһͺǿҲ۽磬е֪Ҫ߸
ܣ
ʱڤɫ԰׶ɫ価š
Ѱһֱһش㣬ڤĵĽŸҵÿҪ
޷Ѱ֮ǰ̤ʥ޵·ǰֲ֮
ֻ֪߱޵̣֮֮оʥг޵Уƾ㻹ʸ񡣡
ѰȻ䡣
˵ʱƾȥչɱ
սڣѳڤӵĵ̣һսҲûȥıҪ
䣡
Ѱ¯ָأÿһ֮
ƨʲôҲʸָң
ڤӱŭɱȥ
֮ǰǰֲֻǺ֮ǰһǣѳת
ƾǧĭ㱻ƿ˵ĸоǣݺ
Ϊ˿̵ѰٲȻ޵Уһһ޲ЯѹŰĴơ
¯ѹŽһд˾У
ʮڤӾͱѹ̧ͷѪɫɷףͷɢ
ʮ
ıڤǰɫУȻըƬŽ䡣
ڴ˹УѰƶУ
ЩϹǶֹʶ۹سǵˣǺε˲á
ЦǣʱǾûйעԵˡ
Һƴˣ
ħУͷɢڤӳ׷ˣĿѣȫһеسɱ
ǰھ֮УβҰѰУÿһΣϼ̤޴棬赽˼¡
ڣѲ֪ٴˡ
ҲˣЩ۹سзΪǸҪԼ̤ϣͳͳһ
˭룬ڴ˴ɱУѵƵƵ죬ڤ̣
ϣ
ӿŹħİǽӳ嶷ţӳʮĿֲ֮
ɱ
ڤ˻ɫŤ
ҵսƷܱã
ѰԴ⣬һ̧֣½İؼɢ
ವһǽѰһУ
㡭
ڤòѪ͵طһХ緢аķڤӡ
ˣ
ʮ۶ɭϡ
ǽɲǣͱѰһȭ򱬣ǿƵһͿ
ӡҲɡ
ЦУѰ͵һץƲ̽ץƾֲޱߵ֮
ɲǼ䣬ڤӡҲߣж˺ڤӵϵѰ
̤նУĿ綢һҡǮЦʲôʹ
ۣ
ڤֱӿѪˣ嶼ҧѰ̫Ҫ
һӣһѪɫگӳ
گ죬ƽǽ񣬲ŲߣӿķѪɫơ
һ֣һŨѪ֮ɢնȾһѹֵѪɫ
ʥѪ
һϹԾȣСѣ㣡
ϹҲʧɫ
گѪڤһֽ֮һگҪһĴʥ֮Ƥǧʥ˵ͷѪԼƵĹ֮Ӣǡ
ʥ֮ƤС֮ʣƣܻһհ׵ķگ
ʥ˵ͷѪ͹֮ӢĲǣǻƷگԴȪ
ȱȫ񹲷ߵаħ̫֮ѪȺͲ̣Ϊݡ
ڰѪڤǰǿչŵ֮󣬴˱֮Ҳߣû
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ڤУӵһʥ˶̸ɫĿֲگ
Ϲﶼ̲סҪ֡
ɾڴʱȴѰŲæؼһɵı
ˡ
գϢãϣһ֮㱬

Ѫɫگûüͱһѹӡ˲뵽˴ڡ
ڤһ㶣ɴ޷ţףŭڣҪץ
ʥѪ氵ѪڤټŻҲһԺҲٲеڶ
˭룬ܻûͷţֱӾͱˣ
һϹҲһΣ֮ǰʥѪʱǶһе̬ء
תۼ䣬ȴֱѰˡ
Ե̫˼飡
ڤбڶ࣬ɺȻѰСҲȱĪıһϢ֮أֺ֮룬֮ԶԶʥɱȣɣǸһʥ
˸˸ɫݡ
𣿼
ħУѰЦδƵ˵
㡭
ڤǰֱðǣˣѰԼʲôˣɢͯӣ
Ҽǵ㲻ǻһôϽóɣοҪسԼˡ
ѰЦú㣬һ׻׻̵Ȱļơ
һϹﶼɫŹ֣ѰСӿǫѷ޺û룬Ҳġ
Ǵ㽫ڤӵ׸
ѰԼ
¡
أڤȻͣһͷаӴʮԳѪá
һ֮Ҳ֮
ڤӵı壬ȻѱƼˣһҪѰƴ
ֻǣעͽ͡
Ƭ̣ѰϺɱ֮£ڤӴ嶼Ѫ죬˺ۣвʱԹŭʡҵļС
ǵȲ״һϹﶼ̿ȥˣڤӸеۡ
οأ
֪ˣЩϹڣɿܻһս
ڤƫƫޱߣڵãԼŰûʲôˡ


1644 Բ
飡
գڤӱݺħǼӲĵ棬ҵĽҲˡ
ʮԳ򶼱ϣѪʣӴǧٿףȭָۡ
ϣѰ顣
ৣ
ûгɣɱ¡
ڰ;ͱһεĺס
˴ţüѰһۣ֪Ū۹سǣô֪Լʲô
ѰʼЩʣԲüѵҪɣ
ڣȴһǧ꣬һǧ갡Ҫܽ𣿡
˴ŷɿ˵
Ѱȿƿž޵˶ԣʱǺε֮
Ϊǻо޴Ǳ߷Ļᣬ˵һǧˣǵһܴ꣬ʧ̫Ļᣡ
ν棬һ֮ܶ޷ֲȱ
ˡ
Ѱһǿ԰ɱ
Բ̱һǧֱ꣬ɱҪĥ
ɣѾˣ㡭ɵõ˲ٺô
˴˵ɫ䷺һĨ죬һûɱڤӣʵõ˲ٺñ
簢ǽڤӡԼʥѪ
ѰĿ⿴ڤӣ˿ѻָѪݲҵſڵϣ֮
նԼǷùţȶˣ
Ѱڡ
ڤ͵һ˻ŭɱң
ҶĲϣǺǡ
ѰȻҪ㽫óұһ
ڤѪĻˣԼô౦ﻹԼ
˴һŹ֣ɿ촫СѣҪã˱̫ǰѪڤֻҪѪڤʲ˱㱻УҲϲܱá
ڤ
۹سڣ˭֪˱ǺεȲ˼飿
Ҳû˸Ҵ˱ע⣡
һΪйλ۹سǵһڣΪ̫ˣմⱲӶ˦Ѳ
治У
ѰЩʡ
ȹڤӶΣҲڤӡΣ֮Զ
ܽΪУ˵׼ܶ
С
˴ŶȻҡͷ
ʲôЦˣҲ̸մȾǹ֪Ϣ󣬱ȻһʱɱǺˡ
Ѱ˳˺Ҽסˣձػٱ
ڤӴӵһԹ
飡
ѰһŽ߷ɣͷ֪Ѷٸݺݵʮ⣬ڳһʺ͡
㡭
ڤòȥݶҪҧ顣
ѰûԳ⣬ʴȣ㻹вң浱Ҳɱˣ
ڤӻҲŭԹ޵˼£һﲻ壬ħȥ
һΣˣֹ壬澡ʧĻٴȥ
ѰֹɱڤӣҲöһѹһЩ
ϾһѾһͱͯӡ
ȴ˴סˣСӣְֹɣڤӲҪҪ˼һһﱳĿɽܾǰѪڤҲ۹سǣΪŻЧսвϹľ顣۹سǵһ˹ֻ֮һˡ
Ѱ˸ա
һ룬ڤӵȷһԵޱȵļһǰѪڤʵĵϵᣬ츳͵ҲǾ޳
ϵı಻ʤѪڤ뿪ôã֮лϹ飬ΪڤӵĿɽ
һ⻷֮£Щ콾ܶۺ졣
ϧһԼҲõù

޵
ľ˵ܾ֮أһ޽һ֮ǰĵġ
ѰڤӵսĻ˱һڴˡ
˴ó˽ѩӿóһ̳ԭڵ۾ǿЯҾơ
ϹеóеԶ֣ζ
ϯضƷƣԼȣߣЦ̣һȺۣǢ⡣
ѰΪСΪһϹƵĶûãͺȵѬѬȻ
Щˮ޲ǵļ׼۾˽صıֹƾл̲ؾ˵ҩ
ѰΪôˮҲһֱ֮У粹ͷˡ
ˣϯϵĲȡҲ޲Ǻ֮ı̲ŷľ
ǡɼһΪݣϰģһƵ¯ɡ
¯һƷ಻ʥʱõĻԴλСǬŻ֮һ
ŵ˵һɼһζҩˣȻǵζԡ
ٱǡϼ桱͡ҡΪġʥԪ̥һŵļֵʥۺ촹ѡ
ЩԳѰ֮ľ磬Ŀˣ
ûã˶ƮƮȻҪ˷ȥĸоӿֲĸʼڷ͡
ľԭھϯ֮Ѱ˽һԼŮܸѰ
ɼ˵ΣҲֻա
գϯɢȥʱ˴ŴѰӵеһͭС
ʱ˴źȻСѣڤܴ˵ȴܣȻưոݣһʱ䣬ĪҪߣֻڴ˵أȱһܷͷˣһжӭж⡣
Ѱԣһ룬Ǯǰָ㡣
˴Цֵ㻹ЩڵΪãһϯҲϼһһ⣬ó˲ٺöǧĪҪ˷ˡ
˵գתȥ
Ѱ΢΢һЦͷůġ
Ȼ֪˴ϯζȣֵǺε֮
ĸ˷緶
Ѱһ̾
ûе飬߽㿪ʼϥǿҪֱײ
ʱţѰܿС

ͬʱѰӡŹġʤԼħѹڤӵϢҲ糤˳㣬ټġءɢ
ʲôʱ򣬹Ż򾹳һţ
Ӷˣ˼顭
ڤ⵽ӦˣԴ۹سǺйΪɽһ۸ڶ벻ҵȶУܣͷض
֪ϢϹ޲棬סѰ֡
ͬʱϹڤӵĲҰܣ¶ֻЦݣЩڤŰ̬ȣǵˡ
˭ҲϲһСԼצˡ
ڤײУܴ˵ܴ裬ɿͲ֪ȡʲôжˡ
Ҳʶ̬ܻء
ЩʱѰ޹ء

ѰӴ˵Ϣӡƽ档
ûκ޵߸ӵеϢͷҲûʲô
ɵһ˲˺ҹӿգն˺ѿ
ͫ䣬ӳ̫Ԩ֮
һεƣҲ֮ռĴɢӳĵһףϥȴɽӣʮذĪơ
ʥԲ
ˣѰڴ˾޿ɴ֮زǡ
ƾϣ


1645 ϵ

ѰһǸĿֲ糱ˮ㣬ȫʧڡ
˿̵ƽ棬緱価ı棬ΣȻȻ
һε۹س֮Уһǳ
Ѱип
ǰ·ϣʶ㲻˼ľƿһȫ´ţõΪ֮һͼʶõһ
־ΪΪʥڵԲز
ңġ罣̫ڣɹ۳Ľ⡣
⣬ͬһСջ
ֱִ۹سǣŹģõһϹĹڳʥĵú͸
ڤӣðǽڤӡʥѪһһ
ǰϯϣһϹóơԼζȣΪѰṩ˴˴ΪԲزԴȪ
ЩѰܲп
컯
޴˴ε۹س֮УΪҲϲ˶ʱڣͳԲز
ͬҲܻһϹﵱʥĵú;顣
Ϊʥ׼ˣ
һѰóһоЩϹǳʥʱĵᡣ
νбʦ
˵ľ򣬾һ澵ӣԸգҲԼ·
ѰԣЩĵ򣬲һͨӶﵽ辶;Ŀġ
֮飬֮ܿδ
ǡ֮⡣
ѰӺʱľһ˲ͬ뵱ͬĵ;
һ£ҵΨһ
Ҳ֪ʱܹ
ǰѰһͷ˳׳ڲ֮С
һϹʥľĵãһͨʥĲͬ;
ÿһԲһÿһڽʱպҲȫͬ
Ѱ۽磬ʱвƼգȻ֮С
żҲü˼⣬һЩʺԼľ͸ȡ侫ȥɡ
ֲУѰȻʱţԳʥ֪Ҳ֮
ԼԼأҪԼ·

˴׺ﻹûϢ
һ죬ľˡ˴šӵһСۣ۹سǵһЩˡ
˴ҡͷûУѾˣΣǿ϶ȼϢ𡯣һʱ䷢Ϣ֪
ϣһжðɡ
ľૡ
׺أǵ۹سǵһҪݵ㡱
Űǰһ𣬽ȫԼڲ׺֮ǰչһƺƴĽ
ֱҲûϢﵽ⡰ءڣһϹҲԴսһ֪ᵣǡ
İɣԴǰִǰս󣬱չ¶γ֮ţͨǵֶ֮ΣǰɱͷѪһɨ۹سе֮
ӴŸп۹سУ˭ֻ֪Ҫڣֿɶǰǣ
˶ͷΪȻ
ǻۡıԡսԿ׼۾е۷뢣ǿò˼顣
д˵һֻ̤˵۾żɳ벽ۡ
˵Դִ۹سǺһЩߺıԣʱ͹ͻִΣֱ񣬶ˮݵơ
Ȼһλ׼ǿ̾Ϣ
Ҳ˵ˣԭ۹سԹΪ𣬷Ϊ۹صһˣս˿ɼ
һλϹ￪ڣִݹ֮ϵ̬ƣԹĽĿ̱Խ
룬˵Ҳ֪ս޿ɵǿҲɱϣΪ˵ãȱҲԣǾΪ̫ר϶С
ԽߣȻԽĵִͺñһɽݶ
ֻϣ˲Ҫ˺Ƥ򣬶ǰսԣעʲôˡ
˶̾
˴ѰСЩһֱ𣿡
Ȼľ˳ѯʡ
Ϲﶼ¶Ź֮ɫǿɶľЩģҪѰǣߣŮܸѰ

˴ŵͷѸһʱһܷͷʡñڤ鷳
һ㣬ⶼѾһˣҲ֪Сһ˴ǣǷƵûš
ľҧˮĺ촽һ̾
˶ЦľƵûŰɣ
˴̲סŮжŮȰͱˣϵԵɲǿǣߵġ
һǧ϶ֶƨԵ翴ˣԣΪٸߣҲûһŮƵ㡣
ľ˷˸ۣЦѡ
˴һ죬߳ŭµôˣʲôʸƲѵ֪·ϣֻйһն˿飿
Ů磬עһʼǸ
ԣľ˺ǵһЦ޹䣬ľףսҲޱȾˡ
ƿڣϹˣѵ˵ħۣǺε飬ȴһλ֮ӣѵħ·ϲ㣿
˶٣ǹ׶ƵһһٵҿϹ֮ǧץס۾ĻԵû˰ʲôлŮ֮飬Ҳʲô֮֡
˴ⱩǺ죬һȥ
˶Ц
˴ŷĻᣬľ˳ЦȥһѰСѣġ
ֻǣ䣬һü͵һȻصڡ
ͬʱһϹҲ
䣡
ԶձһɢŲɣϢͭսѹգ˲ư㱼۶
սǰͷӴɽëƮŹڹīʨš
ÿһͷīʨпʥĿֲϢ
ڣֻܳ䵱Ľɫ
սǹݣ
˴һ
ϹҲ˲һʶԡ
սϵӰʱһϹﳹˣ֪ڡ
ΪһӰȻڤӣ
ɫͷѪɫƮһǰҰܶˣڣ
ͲʣΪ
ڤߣһͷ߹ڣۣӰΰģߡ
ֶһӿؼ䣬ӳճ䡢֮ޱȡ
ϵˡ
Щ⡣
˴ŵҲһãǹԼ٣Ļ̬ɾˡ
ˣҲҴ⡣
ϵһλڰǧǰ̤׼֮ǿߣᡢֶβбɱ㡣
۹سУϵսǰʮ֮У
£ڤӾϵ붯ǰ⡰ءУԶΪѰ
¡
սͣ˴ŵ֮ǰսϣϵĮȻһɨˣ
λѲ³ƶ⣬ڴˣƶһ棬˭˭ƶж˭ƶĵˣ
ǿƥؼ䣬˴ŵɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ȼ߲ƣ



1646 ׼۶
սϣϵ̬ǿӲ
һĬ˵С֮ˣϵ֣ɾЩˡ
ϵҿɲģҪɱƶ
֮ǰͲ㽲
ӡ˴ŵɫһսϵڤЦˣЦޱȵ⡣
ٻΣ
ֻҪܸ˭ںЩ
б£Ҳٻһҿ
ÿ
ϵ䣬֣ˡ
ͬ׼ۣҲǿ֣֮ͱΪ۹سǵһˡ
ϵսܹ۹سǰʮ֮УȻͬСɡ
һϹɫһ䡣
ϵ̬ȺֹǿӲǶûа
ǰɣУҪ֣棡
˴ŲȻŭ
䣡
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ʼգϻҪսǾͳȫ㣡
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ϵΪǿƣԵ֮벻ѰһСС
˵Ҳϵҵġ
ֻǣһ뵽ϵˣ˶Щϧ̾ѡ
СѣԲؽ䱸ڱЩﲻһҲ֮Сɱ
ǧ𽣻ҡҷͨϼŝĹ罣ɶԴѰʱȴԵΪº͡
С
ѰӷɫϵǺεǿһλ׼ۣɵǧ𽣻УС
ǧ𽣻źεĲмʮǰϹʱ֤׼֮ݷɣֵ£ֻȱһ˳̤۾ǡСɱȣ
˶٣ЦȻΪԴޣɼǱƴʱ䣬ʱСֻ»ûг
Զ˴šӵԣա
Ǳ֮ϹɺȻǧ𽣻֡ʯĴǰȷһȺС
ܣͬΪ׼֮ɵ֮ǳս֮ߵͣȴһϣһڵ£ûȡ
㲻ǧ𽣻֮ǰֵͭϡҲһȺ֮Ŀֲ飡
СѣףΪνҪҵǰ˵ˡ
Ȼǧ𽣻дһ˿һֺޱȵļ
ֺϵս֮أ۾ǿµϢÿһϢҵȶԣԿһ컯
˵ǧ𽣻һֻ֮ɫ
ЦͭϺԽԹޱȣЩǸҵָһӽ۾ش



1650 ɽ
ǧ𽣻£һƬž
ѰҲ޷ƽ
۹سǣǰߣࡣ
ϱԣ˳һڵ۾ߢǳɣبأǵϣ⡣
Թ񣬱СŻĵһǵֹ֮ءĺպ
˳󣬾ǿٵذľ󣬻һſǳУ̫ۻΡ롣
ѰεִʱһʱͲڴ˳£Ͻƣڵ۾Ϣ۰Ǭ
ֻѰȴû뵽ǧ𽣻Ӵ˵Ϊӽ۾شΪ˶п
һϹΪӡ
פ۹سǲ֪£Ȼǧ𽣻˵ûд
˵أȷӡ۾ǿߵϢ
⡰ءڣһأ㣬ɫ׵˸УħۡһӡϢ˼ӡ
˴šҲǷܴЩ۾ϢĥһЩҳԹֹһΡ
գʧܸա
ǿһƵ۾Ϣʱ紥˽㣬ֱӱе
Ժ۹سڱ˸Ҵ۾Ϣ⡣
ڣǧ𽣻Դôˡ
ѵЩ۾Ϣǰױģ
˵зţ
ڴʱǧ𽣻һҡꡣ
ԶգӳһƳӯŵ۾ƵĿֲϢһƶѣƬأȴһϹһëȻдͷ֮̿С
ѰĵıѩҶӷĹٿ֮䣬ͽһƳӯŵ۾ƵĿֲϢߣ֮С
ͬʱѰֻбѩҶУһƻɬءֲ޷ĵ۾Ϣ
ˣǧ𽣻һĨɫǽӽ۾֮·Կף˭գ˭򵽵۾İأ
һϹôѰбѩҶӵĿⶼó
һЩڰйע߶Ϲ˿Ҳݡ
һƬѩҶӣֹܷӡǧ𽣻Ŀֲ飬ӵȡ۾Ϣ֮Ǻεһ
Ҳ˴š𺳺Ķ
Ϊ׼ۣ˭гһܹٵ۾죬ʥ֮ȣ
ֻҪɵۣʵ̫ˣ
۹سУв֪ٵ׼פУвһЩɾ޵ǿ
ֱҲһ۾֮ţ
ʶһƬѩҶӳʱЩϹԣֱ翴һͨ۾ϣ
˭ܲģ
һ̣Ѱɫ΢΢һ䣬䶢ǧ𽣻ҲѧһСϣˮ赶ɱˣ
ǧ𽣻æͣСѣбڣ˭Ҷ㲻ɣ֮ǰֻ̫ڶ˵һЩ˵Ļ
˶٣ɱڣСģҽ˵ЩСȫɱ˱ǣ
һ仰ɱǬϹǽ͵ѹľˡ˴šӵˣԲ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰǾҲ̰ǡ
ˣ㻹ǻȥŰɡ
Ѱɫ𲻶
ͭϡǧ𽣻ûһʡ͵ƣ˼Ī⣬Ѱò
ϾЩֲɶڳɵ۵̵ĴڣʵֶΡǻһȱ
ȫǵĻ˵׼ܰԼ
ϵǣǧ𽣻δͱ⣬ºͶ棺
ҲãСģȻȥв۵ĶС鷳СҪұ
ৣ
Ѱ֣ǧ𽣻㻯һͷ׵Ĺ⣬ǱѩҶڡ
Ϊ𡭡
Ѱɫһ𲻶
죬һָ
ǧ𽣻ʲô㣬ȼᰴսĶѩҶӽȥ
Ժ飬ͺûϵˡ
֮ѰԣѩҶӾһ˫нĿǰ߱ƿһ˿Ϳܱ˵
ˣǸϽͳȥΪá
ѰѩҶӺԭ˵Щʲôɵ˴šӡľ˵Ǹӵɫʱвһ̾
λǰЩۣȻȥϢˡ
Ѱȭ
Сѡ
ľһ˵շ֮£ίʵڷ˼ҴȼϢ𡯣Ϣһʱִ֣֮Σ
Ѱһӿů⡣
һ仰ζԶϵˣô飬ؼǣУֻ¶ѰһƬĪıѩҶӡ
ʱִ֣ɶѰΪ
лǰ
Ѱ
ľ¶һĨЦ⣺ȥɣúϢһУҪСЩֲ顣
Ѱ˵ͷҴҶȥ
ɽ۹ز
ӷһ̾

ԭͭС
ѰϥأѩҶӷǰӣ˼⡣
ɣֵٵ۹УֶΣһ׼
׵۹ۡۺ̩¹ѧԺԺ
׾ءС
зᰵѪɫɶꡢԼţòͯӵѪ桭
ͬʱҲһ׼۱ѹѩҶУǧ𽣻ͭϵȵȡ
Ѱǵã뿪ʱԣԺлᣬŴȥһǰսʱӡڴҶе׼Ҫ׽ѣֻдΪŻսһ·ѡ
ʱѰԥӦԭܼ򵥣˾٣ΪŻ
ǵȴؽʹǣѰȻ̫ʱ̫ۡʥս۵ȴػ䣬м֮ġ
ܹѡأǷһֱѩҶӵķӡ
ˣ˱ԳǸǻ
˼ãѰһ
£ֻˣ

׺ء
ﱻ۹سҪġݵ㡱֮һ
ǰһ𣬼ԡ׺ءĽ
һ׼򣬵˵ĹңԱһһڹ⣬޷
죬׺صġ̨ȻȼһϢ𣬼ǵһʱ䣬һϢﵽС
ϵɱڤ䲻ͷīʨ֮ء
Ϣɫ͵һһɿֲɢ
һϮ£ɢò׾㣬һ䡣
ϵսǿЩһֱΪЧͣνĹȴɱˣ
ңجĻǷڵ۹سڣ
ɫĮȻԸ
׼Ųƴ󣬱Ҫȥһ⡣
ƽȴгɱɢ
ͬʱһϢҲУգɫһĨ
ϵأ
ʲô
֮ǰһû
ûãʹϢ֪һѪ¼ΪڤӺѰһ
һʱ䣬ҲסϣԸȥҪһˡ
϶ҲѵõϢչ飬֪ϵѶֻѾչж


1651 ̰
ڣչܣ
Ѱִ˵غ󣬿νʽΪפش˵صϹԽһصС˭⣿
֪˭
ǹӣҲ̸ӣĲ⡣
ڣټأֻҪӣ˭֪Ѱ֮
ŹУΪ۹سǵһʦӣѰǰ̾䡣
ڤӶԾУڤӶ棬Ķߡ
ģ֤ѰΪСȴѾ߱κϹﶼ޷ӵĵ̡
ںڤӵĶԾУѰչֳ츳ս֤ڴϣҲƿԺɾע
һС˭ܲ⣿
ˣҲЩϹ̫𺳣ΪΪʥ׼۵ǣûҪ̫ЩѰ츳پޣ죬ھϣ̫Զˡ
ѰԺܹȡ˲ĳɾͣҲԺ顣
ɵϵɱЩϹﳹ޷ˡ
һСȴƾеƣһλս۹سǰʮ֮е׼ɱ˭ӣ
أɶҲԺϵŵĽɫ
ϵѰ֣οǣ
չˣ˭ҰڳΪǰˡļȥԴѰ
ǵѰһƬѩҶӵͿֲЩϹľҲ֮ױˡ
̰𺳣ҲƲס
Уľˡ˴šǣѰΪѣһЩ顣
˾Ͳûˡ
һУΪѰеıѩҶӣЩϹԣһջ󣬲Ƶ
ãǼɵǧ𽣻ĿֲõЩϹֻǿ԰̰ײҳ֡
ҲˣصգҲ֮ùܡ΢
õ֤ǣѰݾӵͭ⣬עĿ⡣
ҲвϹ￪ʼԸɵŰݷá
ãһеİݷãԱӡľ˵˵סˣȴЩء
Ѱڰеһѻ棬֪ٵķɶ꣡
ЩķɶƲסĵ̰һеȥǺɾ˵ˡ
ͬʱ˴ҲģѰڲһкǷɱȡԱƱֶΡ
Ļ۹سǶԣǻǸ
ƥﻳһܹӽɵ֮·ϣκ׼۷ˡ
̾
̫ѰǱѩҶӵļֵ
׼۾Ĵڣɲǲʳ˼̻ԵͱѸע⡣
ǱѩҶӣһ⣡
ʣӡ˴šľǣҲ޷һջĹ屦
ڴ˵£յı仯ҲͲˡ
£ִֻܵˡ
ľһ̾
һУѰ㲻ȴ
˲֪ն飬Ļ᲻ѩҶӵĴڣٷ粨
Ѱɵ
²ЩֲƣֻǴӲԸ˷ڴ˵ϰˡ
ֵã
Ϊ鷳ѰҲֻӣ㲻һܷͷ
ʱ˼ȫϡ

ǹ΢գδãϵĵ죬һŲ󷨵ĺ쳹е֮һ䡣
Ϊˣ
۹سǣפز֪׼۾ǿߣֻйһܹ۹سǵһ
ս֮ǿ۳ƱػΪĿĽ㡣
ȻιΪϵ
򣬲׺սôţɿٴ˵أ
Ųƴ߳Ϲȫǰӭӡ
һʱ䣬ߣҲǹ£ӳĵ׳У޶
˴šӡľҲˣһĻʱжһء
Ƕû뵽ûǹһʱִˡ
֪ϵùǺεȷŭ
صһһҡ
һϮ£ɢΰݹ׾㣬һִ´Դǲǿƣȴѹȡ
⣬ѰңҸһӵʱ䣬һӺȥ
жʱ궯
Ϲü¶ϲɫȻҪϳѰСģ
ҲвģһִͽìͷָѰһͻԲ롣
һɿ촫˴ľ˵һȥִϢҪҪ嶯УҪ϶ҵ˻û˷ˡ
˴źľͷһʱҪж
ɱڴʱĿɨӹڴ˵أûҵ˭Ҳ뿪
˴ŵ˽ɫһ䡣
ȻǶصһ֪бУǽЩ˵ǺѰһģ
ͬʱǷ壬;ȥ֪ͨѰסǿ˵ҹ۸һС˳Ц
վ
һʵģ֭ͭҺɣϳſֲѪ֮
һͣƵģҡһȡ
ǰǷ壬;ǹºպ׼۾սʵһһ¡
ˣɫһ䣬̲ס֣ѰֻһС˴ƣ
ĮȻɨһۣĸСҵɱһλ׼ۣӣҾЩΪ۹س˲ٴ󹦣ԣҲҪΪѡ
ӸҪ˵ʲôѻ˻֣㲻Ҫ˵ˣҹӡ
ԴǿӲء
ʱǷ;չж뿪С
ӼˣɫѿΪ˱ٷͻĿܻЩ£
ΪѰһСͺ۸
ŶǱѩҶ
һϹ꣬ɫ䲻¶һĨɫ
ǱĪ⣬ܽ˱ڵ۹سǣԺԷӳ޷ã
˿ڣĿƣһ仰ʱ˶ġ
ѩҶ£ЩϹͬлȥӽһɵ֮·
ĿɨˣҲôģ
˶ͷ
һݿݣ̬Ӻݵĺ߸ֱӿڣ˵ȴˣҿѰǴӦ˱֮ǰµĴҲˡһ
ߣϵδ֮УȴӲɱѵҪΪһô˴ӣ
Ǻæ˵⣬ӣҵȻϣһĻģѹһǧΪͷɡ
һЩϹҲ׷׿ڣٲȻѰһ´ԭµС
Ȼԭµǰǣ뽻ǱѩҶӡ
ƣ
ĿһĻĻ˴šľ˽ؿɫѿ
ӸǿƲסķŭȵѰ֮Уᱻˣ
ΪϵȫѰĴ
ΪһߵڰףļԸһСȡ涼Ҫ𣡣
ըף쳹ȫ
ŭڣ


1652 ǧ𽣻˼
һ仰ڽЩϹЩ˼ȫҿò˶ɫ
ӣǵʲôˣҵôΪѰã
˺ȳ⡣
ߣҵ֪Ѱ޹ʣȴάӣòԴ˲ѰӵĺøУӶǱѩҶӾΪаɣ
䴧⣬Ŷ⡣
ҽΪѣαΪһС󶯸λӣϵǱɱѵҪһЩۣ
Ҳ˴Բɻﻰ⣬Ѱ
ˣûһ£Ϊһӽ۾ĻᣬЩ϶ƤҪˣ
ٶ˵ˣûЩһѱ̰ռģĵֻǸһûֵĻˡ
ľɫ䴫ˣȰ費ˡ
̾ȻֻǺʧû뵽Щ϶Ϊһӣ
ľĬȻ
֪֪治֪ģ

Ϊ̰

ͬʱѰݾӵͭǰǷ;λ׼ǿߣƾն
ѰڣٳҪȥһ
Ƿᣬ¡¡Ŵ
;ЦЦº͵СĪҪ£ҵȿûʲô⣬ֻǣϵĻһӺ󣬹ȴ˿ɾҪˣʱɾͲ˵ˡ
УѰͫԨ
֮ǰִѰһʱʶϵùŭˣ
ûա
Ѱԥ;ܾ
ǵ۹سǵһˣżƣʲôʸԼ
˵һӼԼǰݼͻԼвҲûʲôˡ
˵ʲô
Ƿ۾š
˵ûա
;Ŀ˸âһǵһμŵСλ׼룬ֱӱܾǺǣ˼
ɶǸҪ
ǷɫҪȥѰˡ
;סˣȴ˵ǿԴСȥɲ
ǷŭǾȥǲŽжһС벻Ժǻڵ۹س㣿
;ӶȣĴˣϵǱɱѵصޣСеĵƿɲС
ǷɫòպݺģһӺҷǽСŰɣ
˵ţ;һҪ뿪ɾڴʱѰ֮󣬾ô뿪ˣǽѰʲôˣ
ѰӰӴ߳һĿ¡
˵ʲô
ǷɱӿһɿֲҲ֮ɢࣿһСе̬ȣ
ѰɫȻش˵̫ǲǳʺˣ

ǷҪըˣԥˡ
ã
;ɫһ䡣
ڴʱһͨ죬ĻӳӨ޵Ļת졣
䣡
Ƿһץֲ֮ɽӡ
ڰ;ͱĽ촷ۣХǷ̽ұ۶飬ѪƮ
Ƿʹ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʲôֲ飿
䣡
ǧ𽣻һɨͨǵصĽкһ
ǷҲһλ׺ƥĽɫ֮ϵҲѶãҲϲܱһֱЧ
ǧ𽣻һ£ƾν߾ȫϵķҲը嶼ĺ嫽ơ
һ죬˶ѹڵأѪģĿȫǣ֮
;ɫ䣬ëȻ޷򶨣ʧ⡭
ϣ
ɱ죬ǧ𽣻һϻҲ˵;չɱ
ৣ
;ԥˡ
ԭΪֻһСѣСһ׮±ܾҲδǿ
ֻΪǷΪ˼ѣ;ҲһСܾѵйһ²
;ȴû뵽Сˣ֮ǿƺͰԵû׼۷У
;ʱҲŭǼɵѰеĵƣҲ̲סˡ
ֻǡ
Ƿ屻һѹȫûз֮;ױˣҲʶѰеĵƾֲ֮
ʶǧ𽣻ٴζʱ;붼û룬ֱӾˡ
ֻϧϵûӵˣο;
춯ذĽ;Ӱл˳վȣͱܼ糱Ľû
¡
ڣŰ籩ѣ;Ҳѹڵأ御۽ˣѪģ׹֣Ѫڵϻ۳ɺĿѪ
ѰĮȻעһУ֮ǰһҫ۸ڶλ׼ۣڼͱѹڵأ֮ȴ
ֻǣǣһǧ𽣻δº֡
ĻǷ;ûˡ
ΪҪǵѰʵ
ǧ𽣻ɱǣСֻ»˺ޣһֻҪãСͿˡ
ѰЦЦô˵㻹ΪҺã
˵ΪСѺãҲȻֻСˡ
ǧ𽣻ºͶ棬СԽ࣬ҶԣԽǺ£룬СټɵңҲܶº֡
Ѱ͵ЦʵҶһλֻһ̤۾Ĵºֲɣ
ǧ𽣻̾СѻУƬҶȴԣԣһȫԸλСѳ
Ѱȷʵֻǧ𽣻ǻʲô˼Ͳö֪ˡ
ΪҪɱأѰȻ
ǧ𽣻ԥǾɱ˱ǣСѣ˱ˡ
ৣ
˵ʱѶ֣ҡҷƮ
š
Ѱ
ǧ𽣻Ȼ֣ΪѣҲޱԹֻ˭Ҳţһλֲ飬ͻĸԸĹһСʹ
ֻǣѰɫЩ𲻶
濴ǧ𽣻˼Ϲ̫ˣӲ¶һ˿ķٶ
ϣǷ;Ϣ٣ѱ־û˵Ϊǧ𽣻Ϣһֱѹǡ
һѰĿ⿴ǧ𽣻Ҳкͼò˶ãұ뿪ͱӡҶеЩһԻᱻ۹سǡ˵ʵڼֵö˳ӣԺҲϲܴıʲô
ǧ𽣻ЦѲµûϵֻҪСҵ飬㹻ˡ
ʼգû¶һ˿ʧ
ѰɣѵԼ̫ˣ
һʱ䣬Ĭ
ǧ𽣻һ࣬꾧Өϼתŝض졣
գѰһ̾벻͸Ҳ²
ߵǧ𽣻Ȼ˵㶼һλ׼۴ڣΪδӲֳΣǲмԵʣ
СѺܺô
Ȼ
Ѱ£ͼǧ𽣻ҡһ䣬һѣʤѩ˿ٵŮӡ


1653 ˭֪
˿١
һϢľɫŮӣ֬㾧Өѩף˿˿ƻðĹһϮƮҷӳĵôԼ޳
Σ⣬˭Իһϵľ֮С
ʣ°ѩģ翹°°ĸо
ѰЩɫһ
˼ǣ˼Ѳ⣬ɱ˲գ۵ǧ𽣻һŮӣ
Сƺ⣿
ǧ𽣻ŮӿڣºͣöѩĹ°ʴһֺ紺Ϣ
ܲ⣬Ϊβ²͸˼ˣŮģ룬ǲ١
ѰЦ
û뵽ͽ䱸ǲٴɫһ콣һ޾׵Ůˡ
СԺͻףΪˡ
Ů΢΢һЦӣһĨĻȣݾӨЦƿԽ˵Ļߡ
Ѱ񣬽ĿƿԶϾҪһˡ
ŮӰ°ƵָһƷ˿˼

غܴȻǵ۹سǵһݵ㣬ʵ򿰱һ磬һſǳڸѭԵúܲۡ
ʱһһš
Ųƴ߳һֱȴǵĹü佥һ㺮⡣
գҲ֮ѹ
ӾǷ;λѺεһȥһС벻𣿡

᲻ᣬʲô⣿
Ҳ˾ɲ˭ϵɱʱѪһĻ
ѰС˭СԴ
񣬹˶ˣѵҼײɣ
ҿӷûһڹ˼飬һҪϳ
һʱ䣬ٷ߿
ùɫĮȻˡ
ԽһΣѰ׵ˣǺ
ֻˣסɣ
ӣҲˣѾӺͻᣬɺȻСһɲӣ
ԴӲӷ˵Ĺ⣬ˣֻһˡ
˵ţ̤ǰŲնȥ
Ϲˣһһȥ
ȥţһٷɱˣ
Ӵ󾪣ɺѰܺ˵ʵһǣͷ
ߣ
ľˡ˴ŵҲסˣ׷ж

ˡ
ͭǰŮӿڣ˿Ʈҷվûһ˿
䡪
䣡
ԶȻը糱ˮɢһ۾ΰӰƾճ֡
һϮ¡ɢӹ׾㣬һӿ嫺䣬ǹ
һ˲䣬ĿͿѰ¶ŨŨĲмһʥˣΣ
Լǰվϰ㲻
ĿƳѰߵĺŮʱͫȻһֱŮ䲻ǡ
ѹڵأѪģǷ;ʱɫȻһâ䣬ͷŭ
ΣⶣѰ´ʱöǿɺȻ⣡

ţҲһһϹڳС
ܿ죬һ󾪺
ЩϹԿ˱ѹڵأޱȵǷ;Ϊɫ䡣
Ѱӣĸ׿ȵز
ֹһӶǸûѹа
䵱ӡ˴šľ˼һĻʱһվǲɱķˡ
κɣѰռιҲעưոݣ
ֻǣǶɻǣǺŮ˭ѵҲǱӡڱѩҶеһλֲڣ
Ѱ˴Ϊִ֣ƽϢΪϵӰ죬أΪСƳ׶ݣֶβ̣δ̫񣡡
һϹŭȡ
ˣɴϷһȰǱѩҶӽȴ˵ͷ򣬽۹سڣֻ¾ݲˡ
һ䡣
ҵҲǹΪһ㿴ʲôϵɱǷ塢;λҲˣлûе۹سǣûЩΪŻǰߵˣ
˷ŭȳ⡣
Щָѵ⣬ѰЦˣĿ䣺ϵԸʱҲûλվֹ˵ҲˣǾҪΪϵ򱧲ƽΪˣá޳ܣ
һ仰Ϲﶼɫһ
ҾλǰפǰߣȷΪŻ˲ٺͣλףҪѹһôǸҲǰ֮Դ
Ѱƽȴ
һ俪ڣȷҪڸģ۹سǹȥ
ƾǣҲҴ۹سǣ
ѰЦμ
˵ʱӡ˴šľ˶ƵƵԼʹɫԵúܽ͵ǡ
λǰ֮£޻أЩ϶浱Ҳ֪ǵ˼޷ΪеıѩҶӰˣǼȻҪҵȻҲ
ѰԼ̬ȸ֮ӵˡ
һʱ䣬ӵ˶̾ǽƣִ֮ˣǺԺء
أ俪ڣѹȫ
ˣϵפش˵ǧʮ꣬׼۾ʮһˣȹ֪ͬûڵУȴһСɱ㻹ΪԼ޹ûд
˶¶֮ɫ
ӱâˣǰǷ塢;ۼΪŻĸһСɱȣڣˣ裡
мžӡ˴Ŷ޷
Ϊ˵ʵ
ȴѰЦ͸ߣͿ޷죬Ϊ͸߾Ϳѹңʲôƨ
ɫ͵һûҵǰѪСܰȻڹŻ𣿲֪жҲˣѪ˽Ɀã
ѰЦǱƴͣĳҲ߶ȣ˴ξ֮ѰΪŻӪЧƽӪҹŻӪŤתǬӮùŽǰδ֮ʤһϴǰ֮ܣĳһ䣬ȡʲôʸұȹͣ
䣡
һϯأըϹﶼ¶ݣš
˴ξ֮ŻӪӮˣ
֮ǰǿɴӲ֪ЩϢ
ǣѰ˵˴ξ֮ʤĸܲɷֵĹϵ
һʱš
˴šľˡ֮һʱˣΪǺѰھʥеսǺεǿ
һˣھսУҲȺװľ
յı仯ͫҲһУЦ֮ŻӪӮ˵Ȼһϲ£Ҳעһ֮ͣˣԴҲҪиȣ˲ˣǴԼ
ϹĿ˸Բͷ
ˣѰǲ¶һĨЩϹܸߣսǿȴ˽֮ϢȴһԸΪԼڴꡭ
˭֪

һ9ҡ


1654 ŭɱ
һ̣Ѱվŭˣ
ΪһʼͼΪÿһפǰսǿߣŻڷôʧŭ
ΪڤӣϵڶһԲϾҪɱԼ
Ϊϵȵ۹سǵһҲʦԼΪˡ
ΪһƬѩҶӣЩϹ̰죬ͿԲ˴ǴǣìͷָԼ
ΪԼǸС˵Ļûţ
Ϊ
ѰѾȥ⣬ȥıģҲȥأ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôǱԴ̸ս֮Ӻգ̸ԼΪŻ򸶳˶ѪͿƾΪ
ֱЦ
ϵɱġ
أŮӿڣɨȫһɱѩĹ°ҲѲԴѰʱǰºͣ䳹ǡ
פش˵ǧֻ꣬ɱʮ׼ֱۣһϧ
һ仰һɺεӡ
ɫ䣬ɫ
ϵһλպĸ֣ȴ裬ܲգ
˴ŵһ˲׹ԭ޾ףʹ°ĺŮӣȻһĽ
϶ˣҵһܲס裬Ҳܡ
ŮԴһ㶼Ȼһˣȴи죬Ⱥ۵İ⡣
һϯòϹﶼ־ŭ
ǵȻҲ³˺ŮӵݣĴɵĻֻѶˡ
ҪΪӳɫ
ҲǰŮȻǱӡǱѩҶеĿֲ֮һƽˡ
ǱѩҶӾ죿

Ůӻ⣬ֻ£ˣҿ÷ϻᷳɱ˾ǡ
Ϲﴽǳ鴤һ£Ȼ˭ǱѩҶӣ˭ӡеĿֲ
ĽѣǾɼɵ
һĬĿ⿴ѰҿԸһᣬ˽֮Ϣ󣬿ˡǰǣȽƬҶӣ
Ѱ¶֮ɫŭЦף޷ǻΪ˶ᱦѣˡңҲ䣿
ɱһɫ᣺۹سפز֪ǿߣĪΪƾ̣޷죿
֮ԣŮĿֲܵס׼۵Ĺ
Ѱ֪۹سڣһ죬פڴ˵ǿߣҲûĺȰ㻹Ǳ̫飡
䣡
ŭˣƾǬ˿˿ƵѪɱʵʰ㣬ӿַ
Ϲﶼɫ䣬һϡ
ǵ۹سǵһ˵ƣ
Ŀ⿴ŮӣҰɱ˴ӣӽ𳹵׽˵ĴΣ
һ仰Ϲһ
ŮѰеıѩҶӣĹ°Ϳֲɿܸģ
ֻǣǽԴ㵺Ͳ˼ǣ飬ŮҲ;ܾǣ룡
ͳŪΡ
һŮ˴ѹˣɿ̵ܻʱ
ɱˡ
ȻѰڣĿ⿴ϵǷ;ú
ۣۣ
ͱѹڵصλ׼ۣźŮһ뱩е촷ۣȫޡ
һ˲Ϲǽɫ䡣
ң
Сúݵģ
ֱﲻ⣡
ŭĺȳ⣬쳹أɫ䣬նýšɱƥ
˴šӵ˵ĳȵףһ¡ڳ׺͹˺ˣ
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һưҡػΣѪɱ֮УպݺŮӡ
벽۾ֲøš
ŮзһĨɫҲˡ
һƝƻð֣һּĵزĲ
飡
Ĺƣ˿߰Ľ飬ɢ
ɫ΢䣬һߺԥضȫһ߱ȵ֣
ɱ
һϹɱһìͷѰ
˭ֻҪɱѰеıѩҶӣһбӭж⡣
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ѰǣȻ֮ʯƾ˷ϮҲ޷˵˿
Ϊģһöѩ͸ҶӣҶתɬĲĪ⣬˷ϯȫ⡣
Ѱ䣬ɱӿ
Ůں͹ɱһϹƴȫҪɱԼŭ˴šӡľͼֹһС
УҶɱǵء
ټأڴ˿뼤ҵڶ
Ũҡڵɱ۽㣬Ѱгױ
ҵģ
͵ͷڷƮһöѩҶɢ˵Ĳ
䣡
һͷѩ졣
ȥɱЩ飬ΨһĻᡣ
Ѱ俪ڡ
ѩ͵رӿɷڿգһ˼Ĺ⡣
ۣ
һ̣һԾצ㽫һϹı۰˺ϣҽС
ˡ
ѩҶӷĲ½һͷ޴ĺɫԳһȾѪͭìһͷŽɫ۵ľһֻŴĿâ
˲ѣʮͷݷɣֵµĿֲ飬ȫֶ
ⷽأӿֵĿֲѹȵð𵴡
и֪жپ
ϹﶼѺȻɫ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ѰǱѩҶӣӡ˶ֲֿµ顣
ֱ˵֮ţ
ںͺŮɱĹ˿Ҳһ󷢺ɫ䣬˽УѰеıѩҶӣֻӡһͷԡһֻͭϺһ
ңԺͭϽԶѰģܿѰƿء
˭롭
ᷢȿֲ飡
˴šľǶ𣬰вãѰСԱëˣѳʲôˡ
ңҲû뵽ѰǼıڣӡ˶Ŀ´ڡ
ֻǣǸҪȰʱѰѱֻ³һ֣
ɱ
´ּ⣬ɫԳɫ׵ȾѪìһڿֲȫˡ
ÿһֲսԲͭϡ֮£
ÿһֻһܳɵ۵Ĺ飬ݷ֪¡
һǳ֪жֲ
¡
ⷽأ׻ˣ޹⣬ذһֲ飬һɱ񣬺гУ


1655 ֮
䣡
ɫԳӿգ۰֮̽
򵥴ֱһһңСɽƵȭͷֱӽһλϹɣڰֱըѪɣ
ޣʥҲҲȶԾѵİۣ
ɫԳݺһڣͲм
ϣ
һ࣬ǲȱȾѪͭìһ˺ѳգì淺ֲڹ⣬ӳֳһŹĲҰɫӣǹѪ⡣
һ˳ìɣֵĪ⣬ȱȴӵǻ۰㣬һɿֲ־
飡
ɲǼ䣬һϹǰĻľը飬űһìᴩ嶼ֵļС
ͬʱλɫѩ׵Աһһ£һһ׿
ʵϣЩֲУȷûЩפص۹еϹС
֪ʮǰϹʱǾݷɣֵأһҪȡٴĳɵۻԵ
פ۹سеǿߣв׼۾ڣ۵̣֮ЩʯĿֲ飬ȫС׼ס
ʱǧ𽣻ԣЩ۹سǵǿ߳ҲֻһȺСˡ
οЩϹУɲһɫ׼ۣһЩʥǿߣԵˡ
¡
սУҶк󣬺֮쾪׼
ضڲճңֲ˷س֣ħ˻ʥѪҲǳ׹ɽӱ㡣
ǵȿֲ󣬿ǾףطԻٵɽӣ
Ͼ׼֮սһȺ۹سеϹһȺɣֵеĿֲ֮ɱ
սڵ۹سУټ

ɶ񣡡
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ŭ˻쳹ÿһ۹Ϲɫѿޱȡ
ǱΪйڣѰ׳ƳԹԽѩҶӣȴ룬̬ᱬأ
һöҶӣӡʮֲ飬ֱһЩϹﶼ⧲֮С
ٿǺŮ˵ˣԵúѣ
ǵ۹سǵһˣǰս񣬲֪˶ٴУ䡣
ڣȴŮסˣ
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ܹͺŮɱսѾƿ¡
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սȷûͲϣ޷Щ׼۾ǿ߶Ծʱõ
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ɻ̰ǳͷ
һΣѰǳŭˣ˴ѹͷϣĻˮ죡
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ΪפڴˣӵսͿѹԼһС
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Ϊǰսɿܻ뿪սĵһʱ䣬ǰ۹سǣ
ԭѩҶӾҪ۹سǵġ
ЦǣЩ϶Ϊ̰֮ƤҪˣǴǶˣ
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ˣܺԥʹӦ꣬ѩҶӴ۹سǣ
ڣӭʲô
ǵߵڰףѹΪһ̰֮Ƿǣɱ˶ᱦ
ѰĺʧŭĸԴڡ
֮ǰԣ۹ͣѰһ˱̤ƽӪŻӮþ֮Ĵʤ
ܣݹ۹ŽȺۣ˭һȣ
ûУ
Ϊľ֮ŻӪǲҰܣ˴ѹ衢̧̤ͷ
ڣһȺϹͿ๦ߣͿ޼ɵѹԼ⡭
Ц
䣡
УսңѪɱ
׼Ϲ䣬˺壬򱻴̴ţֱ꣬šͷ­
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пᡣ
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˴šľˡӶ˳ս֣ԲܰЩֲȥԸˡ
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ܣ
ʼգѰһֱǱԺʹѹĶ󣬷˴Ҳڸղһ֣ȥѰЩϹ
̰֮һֱ֣ұ֮ħ˺
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Сѣɷ飿
˴̲סˣ׼˿ȴۿ죬дһΣҲһְ
󣬱ͶѰЩ֣ɡ˴޷ٿȥˡ
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Сѣְֹɡ
ľҲ
У˹ںͺŮӼɱϹУ룬ʣµҲڿҪ֧Ųס
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˴šľ˵һҡͷÿһɫӣȥѰĿ⡣
£ȻѰĴ
ʼգǱȥˣ
ǡҺʧ
ѰٴοڣĿ⿴ԶĹɫǲ
Һ֪óһɵ۵ЩϹǷҲΪ̰ѡѣͶУǷΪ˳ɵۣҽ۹سǶٵ
仰ʯ쾪̫ģ
˴ŵɫԱ䣬гȵס
Ѱ˻һּ裬ɵüһĻĻѪһĻ˭ܲ⣿
ǰһƬѩҶӣЩϹ﷢񷢷裬һеһ
ҲóһЩϹ˭ܿĵ̰
ڸλǰϣҿԸһᡣ
˵ţѰ̧еıѩҶӣĿ⿴սˣɡ
Щֲδǿɲɱ׼ֻۣ۹سǴصӰ졣
ѰĻȴҲӣ
ಣ
һȾѪͭì֣ٿѩҶС
ţƽ׵ѩһڿֲ飬Ҳ½ء
ʼգûκ
ΪǵĶ֣ѽɱøεѣҪ


1656 ۾Ѫ
УһϹﱻɱõðٱ
Ŀһͷͷֲ鱻ѰʱЩϹֻһָо
ٺ
Ǻأɫò̰ѱ־ȡѰĿҲޱȵļɵη塣
ˣ˴жϹУλ׼۾䣬λʥɢ
νأ
û˻ɣսȥֻ
˴šľˡӵظοҲимҲһ˵ı
ЩϹûսϣȴ̰ڶ֮У˶̾Ϣ
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ǣںŮӴֹ֣ʱȴġ
¡
ɫ̬࣬񣬳һɫꪣŭ֮ս񣬶ԺŮ׷ʹ
ò˶ɫ䣬ʶĴ治ʣŭ֮ʹ֡
Ϊ㲻ɣ
Ů˵ĺâͷ˿Ʈת϶
ת˲ѣĹƾͱ壬Ůѹơ
ͼⲽգѷѪˣݺתһλľ
ǰ°ޡķɣԾ䣡
Ѱûֹ
۹ΪŭһеƴҲãΪĿҲա
Ȳ֪ѶˣѰĿܻͣ
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ȴˣˣΪλҪִɱ
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죡
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գԣǵڳԼˣ
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֣һֺηҽΪŻӪһԱ˴ɱȥ˿Ц
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СѵΪҲһ
ȣɫǱ
Щ϶Ȱͷ䣬ֱĿ
ԼˣȴΪģϿɴӲȱֻɫ
ѰЦ
С᱾ÿ
ɫɭȻ
˿̵糹׷㣬ȫûǿԡ
ˣӶˣ
أԶһȣ쳹𵴳У˻һ
ͼһۣӣԶ󲽶̬ΡΡȻ֮ɽϢۺƺȻ֮

˴ŵϹԾһҵĹǡ
ͬʱѰҲһĨɫ
һϮֲ£ƽӹѰһСѰСУԼʯ֮
ټѰŷ֣ķɾ֮ԶͿ
ˣϼһЦİɣҲԣԴ۹سǺ󣬺Уѣû侮ʯŹ֣
ЦֻɫԵø
ĵִǵû侲ܵ˴̼һ㣬ˡ
ĿһɨУһְ̾ɣҲͬķϣҪ̫
ָͬǴҽΪŻЧΪͬˡ
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ŭˣйʲôҲˣһΣֻҪͷһСѣȴԣγԱ
Ҫ˵ʲôѱȣ˵ˣս˻ᣬһ˶ϣ
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죡
𾪺ǲ۵һѪȴһϼûڵ۳Ͽյǳ׹ţȻը
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۵Ѫ˵һƣһΣӯڵ۾ܰУԹҫ죬ɱȺף
۵Ѫɲǰ׵õģӡڵ۾ĵÿһΣ޼֮
ڣ񣬼˵۵Ѫ뼺Ҫһƴˡ

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۵Ѫһλ۾ƣ˵׼ۣǰ벽۾ֻܱâӲ
䣡
һ˲Ϣڽֱĵ۾٣òϹһϣĲڣϱϲϡ
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ԣŮӸܵסѡâǵ⡣
ƫƫأڴ˿ԥȫڹ֮ǰ
ˡ
Ĺհɢ֮䣬ֲ֮ʮء
ɽ˲䣬ͱһ飬Ȼ飬޷赲ֺ
Ůӣһ֮ķɳȥһҶۣκƷɣ
Ůɫ䡣
УڽԺȻ㲻Լ۾ʱ֮ȸղǿ˲֪٣
һȻǧշ磡
ˣɫأ͵ػӶһƵĺȻЮ֮ƣɽ֮֮Х
⣬Σ

ŭ𣬴ꪺɨնǬе˻֮ơ
䣡
ȫһͬɨӰҲĵˣɫҲһ䡣
ô˻ᣬչѰɱ
ŭʵıϣ֮ԲһҲҪףһάйأҪǶȡǱѩҶӣ
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ɣֵЩֲ飬ݷ£ΪͬǶȡٴһ
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ǹ˼
ڷͱŭҲУӰǺ־
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Ѱ󣬲ֹǱѩҶӣ˳ƿذŮڵʮλֲ飬νһá
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УѺԥʹɱ֡
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һɲʱ뾲ֹΣյ£
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ֻѰδãҲδ˶ʧɫû¶κһ˿
ΨУ֪ʱѶһơ



1657 ŵ
һ˵ĹƣۣܲȴԶɽѰΨתܽġ
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ûиѰӦĻᣬʵϣڹǿֲѹ£Ҳ޷˿
Ǹоһҳ׹󺣣ǣ
˴šľˡӽĿѡ
Ҳɫ䣬Ķûϵ׿ȫһˡ
ңе۵Ѫ֮
Ҳ⧲
Ůɢɱͷ˿裬Ѱһֱڴ˼ҲӲ˵
Ѱˡ
оޱź
ѰһҵһյƣʹϨôݣҲ֮ڰ
ҡ
ɾ˶Ϊ˴ѰڽʱһƻɬĲȻѰеĹ
˲䣬ͣͣ綳ᣬؼ䣬һֹľֹ״̬
˵ĸо̬ڴ˿̶
ڣֲ֮ѹҲ޷⣬ͣǣ
󡪡
һӰݣƣһۣޱȵӰƾճֳС
䣡
Ӱ֣ؼǹͣ״̬ٿȻ߽һлָ糣
ֻ˵ĸоȴޱȷ˼ΪһӰֵļֱ̫ͻȻˣ
۹سǰǺǣǺǺǣָһ㣬ϴǰڴˣѹȥôˡ
꣬˫֣пȺ
𺳵ǣڹĿֲѹƾγһִ֮أͷ׷ɢ
ѩˮţ뺣Ҳˣ
һӰȻ½׵۹¾֡ڵĶš
ɲǼ䣬ͫһ϶Բһֻһ־ӡѡ
ңϢҲ޷˲类һ
ƫƫһ־ӡȴبһǵ޷
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бʷ
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նŵ˵۾֮£ƳԳһУͷҪ׶á
ԭܼ򵥣ΪֻܶһΡ
ֻڽ߱ѪսѰһ·ΣսԱӭж⣬ûлᶯôƣһֱ
ڣó
ֲӳžʥͱ벽۾ѹȷʵ̫Σա
ʱƾбۣһɨȫڹϣһֲмЦ
˵λ벽۾Ҳ̫޳ܣȴԸһСޣú
ɫһλѣ㵲ˣ
ʱݼţòƾ۾Ѫһ˿ᣬĿܻľʹ˰֣
ѾУУʱ޻ͷ·ʱ򼴱ǰҲԥȫɱ
ʵϣڻ𣬹ѺȻ֡
䣡
һɫꪺգɫŭڿգĵɱ
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ȿֲһҲ֪һӣ⣬壬¡
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ѵ
ı쳹Ŀǣɫꪾҵ죬ֶɡ
˸һ͵ĵɫǷȻ֮ɫ
һ־ܹӵеƣ
ޱȵϼһòᡭΪĵ۾ɣ
ŮڵһϹ˿̶εĸо
һӣһλѪ׼ǿߣ
⻭ֱ쵽˼£
Ѱ࣬ƢĹͷײУ
δɵۣվͽͣõĵ۾Ѫɭа壬ûӦǰѪڤʸոճɵʱµһѪһλ޷زĵ۾Ѫӵķۡ
ЦƵĿϣǺεıġ
һϯڳϹǶԣȴʯ쾪˶ǡ
ͨһƵѪϢͱϳ˶
ңν۾еġ޷
һУ·˵żһλĵ۾ڣܻʶѪڤʣ
Ŀ֪ôࣿ
֪⻹ֻһ־ӡ䱾ڴˣָкεȿֲ
ֻһ־ӡѣҲҴԲѣ
䣡
ٶȳϢֲһѪӳ۾֮Ǭ
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ƫִħɵ֮ϣ翵֮ϣЦ
Цɲ͵һ
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ؽԲһοֲϯѹС
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顭һƵ˲˼һĻˣÿһ£ܵƾɢһ֣ӰСһЩ
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һʱ䣬ȫԼţһϹԵѵ̿ˮλһλֲڣ
һλе۹سǵһĸ֣˵۾ѪǰûУ
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ֺѰʲôϵ
ѰԼǶݺݳ鴤
ϼһһ־ӡѣͣʵΪָö£
ĪأѰ߱Ѫ̩˵һ仰
ϼһΨһһ޼ϹƺһΪҲûУ½磬ɱ
֮ŵĵ;Ȼ͡޼йأҲܿ͸Ϊ
Ϊġ
мžΨбڵĹأ˻⾪ŭʺͿ־塣
·Ҳû뵽ԼܵһͿأ
룬̾˿ɱףſɾඣҲգڴ˵˵۹سǣյ۹سǵĹذ£ѹһ꣡
䣡
һ̽һץͽһӡܣŻɬĵ⡣
󣬶ڸ֪ʲô͵ؾȳħ۵һƲڴ˵أ˫ȾѪȵɱ񣬿湻ġ
˵ţָһѹһӵĹٿȻƿնȥʧãã۹سС
ɣѹˣ
ò̾۹سǵһˣȴˣܲп


1658 ۹֮
ΨѰü뷨ǱҪɱģ
Ϊ۹سǵһˣȴãΪ˶ᱦֶθǴֱ֮
Ǵ˴ԼеƣԼĺעֻһǾ
£ѰȻľʹ˷Ź
ڴʱתɫ侹Ǵһ˿į̾
СӣҲɱˣ۹سеĹأҲƻҲ򡭡͸Լûʲô𣬲ԷģԴԺһ꣬Ǽһؽܵޱߵļ尾ĥʵɱܡ
һ˰ˣʱɱʹࡣ
һϹĬȻŵĻѽУȴģǳһѹͼ尾
һ޽ӽ۾ǿ߶ԣһ̫ãʧ̫̫࣡
ϧˣŵƣȴҲֻܻһ֪Ժˡ
ѰҲֻܽܡ
ʧЦƤһߵҿѹ㣬Ż˵ģ
ʶʲôȻƳѰһۣСӸô˵ζţ㲻ԼֶԻղŵΣվ棿
ʱ䲻࣬ô˻ᣬһ仰ѣԺǰǿչŵҪСİѪڤʣ϶ʱһ伫ɵۣҲһӻˮϣϻǴۣԻȫ
Ŵ
ӰģʧʱӰҲһ̰Уײ
ѰеĹƣҲһ죬ױ顣
ѰȻԣ׵۹ڵ½磬Ǻεһڣ
Ĵ֮һġ桱ڣĪɣֵأҲš̨ϼ˾ЩضֲϹŶ
Լĸ૑¹ǿձ˰ǰʱûгڹŻҲûгΨݷ½硣
Уֲ
ѰĬ
Ϲظ㣬һɡ
ղţǹǶţԴǳѹȣڡ
ڣڿԷˡ
ֻÿ˵ɫŸӡ
˴šľˡӵˣѰϵܣʵ̫ˣǶĥ͸֮С
ЩһڿֲѹϹһļɵ֮ɫ
ǵ۹سǵһˣõ۵ѪɽأɻǲҰܣֱѹһ꣡
ŮȻЦЦ֪ԼѡǶԵģǧŰңһƶ
ûж˵ȼǧ𽣻ѰǱѩҶС
һһЦ⣬Ѱ˹ȥ
Сѣþò

С
Ѱϯض
ȺѾɢȥɾһ˼ĶǵѪսÿһ˶Ҫ侲һ¡
Ĭã΢΢һЦδ㣬㻵˵۹سǵĹأҲпԭ㵹ѹ
Ѱ̾ѹ̸ϣֻȴЩʧʵ벻ףΪιȽɫܱΪ۹سǵһˡ
ܼ򵥣һ̤벽۾սڶϣҲãǰս׼Ҳʱ򡣡
˵һ۹سǹʮλ׼ۣνأЩȥǿУȹǿģܹڵģȴֻй
˵⣬룬ܹڣɲǰ򵥣ܹ֮ƥ͡
ѰԴ˲ÿɷҲû̸⣬óԼһż㣬ݸ
ż㣬һĨʣţޱο
𣬹лСѣ
Ѱֲæǰγԣ
ЦǴż㣬һ֪˴ξ֮ǹŻӪǰδеĴʤСѣǡսһˡˣ
У̾͸п
ȷǰδ֮ʤ˭ţҲоѪš
ɲһ֮Ѱ
ȻЦ㰡ɾͱǫˣִƴʺʷ飬ϲҿ̸ѸһУĿܲ˴ξ֮ʤȫһͣ
˵⣬üһĨȻ£Ҫõ۹سϵڤӣǷµĴǺε֮أ
ʵˣ˴ΪҪִǰǰսҪշһ
ѰѩҶóһλǰҴ
˵ţһһ֮
˽һк󣬶ݣãȻ㻵˵۹سǵĴ£
ˣѰг
飬Ѿˣ㲻С

һ죬۹سÿһݵ㡱еķ̨ͬһʱȼϢ
ͬʱһЩϢ֮ɢ
۹سǵһ˹ѹһ꣡
֮УŻǰδ֮ʤһʥѰΪսһˡ
ȫͨڤӣ
ʥѰ⣬ʹ˸дǰս֣֮
ÿһϢһǾ쾪ףЩϢڵһʱһ𴫲ʱ۹سǳ׺䶯
֪ϹΪ𺳡
Ҳ֪жˣΪ̾Ϣ
Σ˶סһ֡
Ѱ
һֻоʥȴ漣Կ˸ĵ콾

϶ֱǸ
۹سǼΪңԶһƬǿڤڲֻӶݡ
ڵ֪Լͨĵһʱ䣬ͺԥˣͲͣƬ̡
۹صһ˰ӲûκһС飡ôĨɱ
ڤɫ
ʵһ˵ı
ÿһѰעԼͷϣѵԼĿǣ
һ뵽ѰڤӾͺ޵ݿҧ飬˾Լͱͯӣֱ̣
Ѱҵţ´ұؽƤãܣ
ڤ

۹سں䶯ЩѰ޹ء
Сѣ㿴
һǽ֮ϣ˵ǳǽʵ߶֪жɣֱȥһƬãã
ָԶǾǵ۹س֮⣬绯һƬѪ֮أ̫һֱǹŻͰɱսУ֪ж类飬֪жС
Ѱһ࣬ŬȥֻһƬ𡢻ҵľɽӡ½ءƬѺۡ
ţ⣡
˵һƬս˵һƬ嫵ķڣ磬һ飡
Ҳֻ׼۾ܹ۳У޵ˣ˵ɱǽսжѡ
⣬ǵ۹سľ󣬸ѹ֡䡢𺳳
ԣ룺
ĿһУܹף۹سǴڵ壬Ϊд˳ڣҹŻӴ񣡡


1659 ֮
ǽۣ֮ƾƶˣԶսϣҶĺƴսѰҲǼѡ
ǰսȣսѷɫ̫࣡
ǰսӦúУ۵;ϾǰսҲ⡣
ɫӣУŲپ׼ۣÿһսԶұ沫ɱǹҲעκһλ׼۵Ķ֡
ѰһУһ˲ˡ
ЩפǰսϹǵĴʵ͵ھսûʲô
ΨһĲͬǰսϣһšŻĵһǵֹڴˡ֮Ƶĵ۹سǣ
Ȼһ˵ұ֮פ񣬽һڴ赲⣬ȫ̵۹س֮򡭡
ʲôû˵
Ѱ޵۹سǣŻֻڲ֪ǰѱƣ
Щֻ˽⣬С֮վֻǰڣǹŻӲȱĻ£ԸΪĺܡ
Ӳȱ㣬ˡ
˵⣬Цˡ
ѰҲЦˣ̫ۡսۡʥ𡭡Ҳ˽ꡣ
ǵģŻӲȱĺܣ
Ѱʼڵ۹سߣ㼣һһݵ㡱ذ
ÿһأΪѰפڴ˳еġܡ֮Ծŵΰ͹ѫ
һ·ϣѰ۽硢ҲˮǴߣҲʶ۹سǵ塣
ʷ׫дبǰսĹųǣһɸ˸ŽʷᣬķڴԡѪսĸܳ۳ɳ
һζδ棬һǳһ֮ѪӢڵ۹سǵÿһ䡣
Թ˭ȡպ࣡
ִ˵أᵽΪ˹Ż֮Ӵ棬жٵΪ˸Ѫ
ֱѰĲƵظֳһֿ
һգҪɨһлǵ۹س֮⣬ΪŻ֮

һ죬ѰطأָѰ֮أʵ
СѣڸоΣ
Ѱһ˵ʲôЦҡͷ׾ͺá
ʲô
ѰԺиֳЩӵļš
գˣͷлǰ̻塣
һ·ϣûָУҲûиʲôȴУʲôһǿ߸еؽ
ʥȡ֮⣬дԣд
ˡ󡯣ֹڵиľ۽硢ϵһ֡󡯡
Ψˣܺɰٴڣʥͻơ֮ز
䣡
Ѱֻ类ͷȣһֱ̽Ѱƾ֮һԼԼҵ˴𰸡
Ρϣԡʥİأһϡ
Сҿ
˵ţһӡ
ѰֻǰȻһ䣬һĳãã޾
۹سǣѰԾ
ţǰһ䣬ĵ۹سǣٿȻСС
ϸȥ˸ܵΡ롢󡢺֮С
ǵ۹سǱС𣿲䡮ˣ
Ļڶ쳹Ѱ嶼һ
УǱǸ߲ʵľˣУҲûʲôΪΣ֣֮С֮ˡ
ʥıһС⣬Ϊ֮У
ұ޵ޡĵ̣ƿͨǵ֮ܽǳڹ֮䣿
ıʤ죬죬죡
һֱĵ𺳣Ѱʶл㱣˼ǣӿֳȪˮĸָ
ֱȥҲȻ⣬һ쳹
󣡡
󣡡
󣡡
弡ڲڣ׹У졢ءˣ벻ʱš
һ࣬Ϣ΢
ü֮䣬һЩˮɫ΢΢Щס
ڼѰʱͿѰѲʥԲزͻƴʥĿ顣
ǳһֲ˼ҲΪѰ˱ѩҶӣõ۹سӵ˸ıֵĻᡣ
Щ죬Ѱһ·ڿ۽磬
ʵһеĿģΪָѰ򡰴֮У
ղΪѰ֮УǷѾѪķУžܵΪѰֳһ֡󡱵ϡ
νᴫ˽ǴˡΣ粻򲻵
Ǽ¼֡ԡһ㡰ϣҲע
ɴҲ˲СĴۣǿԴ桰УĵĲֹѪУ
֪Щ϶Ϊˡ
Ϊǿв֮УڴɣĵĵУһ޷ֲ
ƫƫأûиѰͣȻȻˡ
䵱Ѱ롰򡱰״̬УѰ˺ο
ķ緶ؽ
ҲԿѰǺεȹպͬ

Ѱγѣֻجج״̬۾ٿ磬·ȫһˡ
һ˵壬ȴǰʵĸо
ɽɣǬģѲͬ
Ѱ૳
һ࣬Ȼͷڵ㣬ֻһƾΪʥˡ
̶죬Ѱ󡱵УҲеޱȾޣҲο
Ż˽ܣԺγ޷ڰ֮ϣ̫ʱķɣ
лǰ
Ѱһ
·һֱԼһĥн㣬̻Ļᡣ
ͬԼ˴ܹ򡱣ȻΪ˸಻Ϊ֪Ѫʹۡ
Ѱܲݡм

ѰѾ뿪ҲʹӦ
ֻ뿪ǰǧ𽣻ȴȻ𣬾ףѩ
Сѣ˴һ𣬲֪ʱټҷģʼղκһ˿ΨһСС󡣡
˵⣬ŮѹƹĿֲڣǺ¶һ˿ڴн֮ɫ
һ㷲Ů
󣿡
ѰȻ
ԡ
Ůһ֮ǰֻһʽĲľ֣ǲһգɥһͷ֮ڣһλǰңΪҿǣָСӵ;
ɺѰ٣ҲҲλǰҲֱҲ޷λǰĶ飬Ϊһ¡
롭
ѰҰҵλˣ
Ůӵ˵ͷɫ˸Уλǰͨ󣬼ӵгɵ̣֮ÿλǰɸоҲ׷䲽Сһԣ
Ѱ𵴣ǧ𽣻ӵгɵ۵̣ɾ˵޷׷λǰĲ
λǰָжԶΪ


1660 ѩʦ
侲֮ѰüΪ϶һҵ˵λǰ
Ůɫ䷺һĨɫΪңСԷɽ
ɽ
Ѱ˵
ܹԼͷɽͳйأֵ֣ΪҪǧ𽣻
ŮһһŬԼƽɫȻ
λҵҵǰԷɽšѩ¡λзɽ˵ʮš
ӦСѵʦ֣
£ѰǣΪǧ𽣻ǣڵҵǰԼʮʦ֣
һ룬ǧ𽣻ӵгɵ۵̣
ԼλʮʦֵΪָöߣ
ʦ˵һôӵһƪʡѵǵõɽ֮ϿɵĴˣλеʮɹؼǡԼҲֻʦ֡˵ɽ֮ɽﶼ֪
Ѱһʱ˼
ʦ֣չھ֮򡰸ڵУչѰһЩڷɽ顣
ֻǣЩеľѰнӴ͡ɽйص顣
˿͵˵ʮʦ֡ѩ¡йصʱһ⧲֮С
ɺȻŮ϶ǡѩ¡ʦܣɽĴˡ
ҵѩʦֺҪʲô
ãѰųʵѺͷɽŲɸѵĹϵ
еĴǷɽ
ϰĶսʥǷɽɡŷ֮һ
Ůóһֻߴ糤һָ񽣡
ѾƣŹžϢ׭šѩĹ֡
Ů˫Ŵ˽üһ˿ϣ뽫˽ѩǰѩǰ˵Եټ˽һ
ѩ񽣣
ŮʵǺܲġ
ǵãʮǰһСǵĲľ֡
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˺ܶ꣬һ׵罻ҹĵ黹Ƿˡ
һͷǮߴͻȻ֣Ǿ޴ɽ壬׵˸ҹԵôֲ׶
ܣͱϡ
ֱǵһԼǺεȾȻӰѸǶ¡
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Ȼͷ̧УҡͷЦԳɿ̤Ȱһǣ֤֮
ΣߵΣڱ㻯֮ʧҹɫ֮С
ӣͣ˵СҲʵѵõǣǣȴ֮ģҲգȻҼΪ㿪ǣڵҵԴԺ󣬲ٵ¡
ϪˮһӶ޷ȴֱ񻹼ţԼһů
ˣʱȡһѰΪˡѩ֡
ѩ񽣣ҲΪŮһƷͷš
֪λ䡢꣬ǷɽʮŴˡ
ѩ£

ӺŮƬ̣Ѱջûоܾӹ񽣣һ꣬
ҿ޷֤ԺǷܼʮʦֻ֣ҪػὫｻС
ŮӼ˱ã˱ã
һλ۾֮µ۷ڣ̺֮ǿ
ɴʱȴһŮȸԾϲá
СѣԺҶᱨĶ顣
Ůһסĵļ˵
Ѱ㱨ֻϣڵ۹سǵһĪҪ¶ˡ
ĺŮӺԥͷ

һ죬ΪѰУǰʵСѣȥ֮кδ㣿
Ѱһǰ֮ǰһˣգ
ȥȻ鹭飡
ֻǣ˽һϳѰҲӡ
ɫӣǲ³ѰУעͰݷ޹أҪ
룬˵һ׼۾ǿߣͬҲڵ۹سЧƲ⣬УȻʥ̤۴ʥܲһ
Ѱ˵ͷ
Сѣһ˵ɱϾҲҹŻһ֧ɺӵҴ߳λ۾ǿչŵУǶԵС
˵꣬ѰЦǰģֻȥȻһλѹеġѡ
һ̾ĿܲԽһſɿܹԹԽѰλѡ
ҲöȰ
ûãһŲƴпǰΪѰеģֹ˴šľˡӵһϹ
ŮҲڡ
λǰǣ
ѰУ
Сӣأ
Ժлᣬҵȡ
Сѣ´ٶһ
˴šľˡӵ˽Է׷Цſڡ
ˡ
һĲѰӰٿȻӴʧ
һʱ䣬Щ
Ѱŵִ۹سǲʱ䣬ȴǴ̫ľϲ𺳡
˭һˣֻҪѣԺڵ;ϵĳɾͣעҪ֮ϣ
Īǰ·֪˭˲ʶ
ڱƿڡ
һ죬һʱ۹سǵѰ̤ϷعŻ·̣ʹ뿪
˰ңһλΪԴѰִ۹س֮󣬾ͷ̫ѪȺͶ
ϵ׼ﱻɱѹһ꣬һʵ̫˵
񡱰С뿪òϹﶼظ֮С
·ѰٴȥͱĻƵġ

Ż
ˡ
һɬ첨ѰӰһؾеļ̳ϡ
Ѱһ۾Ϳ¡ͷңϥԶĿϡ
ǰ
Ѱ¼̳
һ˵۹س֮Уʶ׼۾ķɣ˶ԱȣҲʶǰλϵΪǺεɲ⣬һλ˲õĴڣ
ûгɫݼţܵûһ㷴Ӧ
Ѱֲ֣ûٶ˵תԶȥ
ֱıӰʧһֱĿУ̾һ֮·ɱأԺҲ֪ҪĥΪۣ̤Ϲǰδ֮;



1661 򡰴˸硱

Ѱĵһۣ΢΢һ
²Ѱ糹ɱһˣ϶һͬо޽еĶϡ
ΡΡȻɽƺƺ纣Զ
ѵƾϣΪ۴ʥˣ
ܿ죬ͷ֣Ѱδƾֻȴһڡ󡱵ϡ
䵱ϸӦʱȴ֮ǰһĻĻѰǸѰ̣ȻȻ
޵߼ԻΪѰֻһӣ
Իޣˣ޾£ǡƴΣ
аޡ
Ѱûһ̸뿪
ǰǰ۹سʱ졢ǿչŵ콾
Ծѵı磬ŻΪ˴Ծѣǰһμӡɻᡱ
ֻʱѰûдӦ˵Ҫǰսغپ¡
ղź̸Ѱ֪ǰ뿪ǰ庣ˡ
ѰЩģǿнԾѴߣǿɾͲˡ
ʶѰҲٶ

庣
һ岼׺ں嫹ĺϣһصɴ
һϡ
ǸҴ꣬ǿչŵϣĸҲҰӣʲôʮս塯ᡢͥˣ¾սǿֱҸߣңҲе
죬ŷ죬Ǵꡣ
ͿɾôΪεڻûʲôǿʥ񣿡
ϸЦͲš
ҿû뵽ֹôģϲԴޣһļһҲϲţ
³ЦúܱźͿҰ
˸ʮ̳ǰһļ𣬺ųơɵ
֪
һĲмһһֱ˻ڹŻСطĿ֪ǿչŵĺ嫣ʲôʱȥǿչŵϴҰ쾿Ƿƭˡ
ԶԾ衣
ĿһУЩΣǱʲôã̫ϲԾˣһȾƾԣ
ѾͰִ庣֮󣬰ȵĵھųƣÿһζҪһһҹ
ЩͷۣûĸŮϲԼȾ
ԾЦЦÿɷ
ǰִ󣬱⣬ҲԾڼ˰δıġ硱
ԷȳΪһġ̫ӡδڳʲôͱ˵̬
ӰУҲԾѵһ֪ԭĸףһĵϵˣһ峤ĸ׵׸磡
ͬʱԾҲ˽⵽ˡɻᡱľϸڣȷȷǴ
λ治һǰǿչŵǧѷĻᣬ֪ҪŻǰǿչŵֶΣֻеȳɵۺ󣬲ǰ
ԺˣֻҪ⣬Ҵű뿪ʱҲԴһߣƾǵĵ̺츳ǵǿչŵϣҲᱻûˣټҰţ˭۸ǲɣ
ϸһһ߰˵ǺǣҲ˵ǣ˵Ҫ߾ѹҴͷҲ롣
ԣûţ
³ͷ
һŭҿǴȥμɻᣬֲǺôһӣ
ϸͰ³ͬΪѹڿҴŮˡ

쳤̾ǲһѪҺҪޣɲǰ׵ġΪ̫ӣݺεҪҪӭȢҲþгͬ⣬˵Ҳգ˵Ҳ
üͷһ壬Ҳһ̾ԾѵãѰϲҿ϶ȰӶǡ
ΪԾѺѰĴ밽֮Ҳ֮ͬС
ԾЦŵ˵ͷ
ûôෳգΪȻ˷ԣҲ᲻ϧһкѰһ
Ⱦƣоƽ
Ҫƴˡ
ѰʱͿһĻǡ
ԭİ졢ΪһЩ˭룬һ
ãá
Ѱ˶
磡
³ϸһʱ䷢Ѱֱ°첻ˣӭ˹ȥ
ͬʱԾҲ׵ϷһĨҫ۵Ĺʡ
һһĻȷλãǶѰء
Ծ뿪ֻ»ȹѰǹزɡ
ˡ
ɫһ˿ãҪԼ÷ļһȻԼ£
ƺܲ
Ѱ߹һ뵽һ۸ڶİһԺ󼫿ܻԼĴ˸磬ҲЩ
Ȼ㣬ű뿪ˡ
ˣһΪ÷򣬾ͲܶԼһЩ
ѰƤЦݲЦܲҲܲ⣬Ҫһйһ»
а
ԥӦ
ϴѰѹҲЩ裬ÿ𣬾͸о޹⣬ûٸѰһ
ˣԾæǰȰ衣
˸ͱ÷򻥿˳ۣһâƵģϸͰ³۽硣
û£Ҳºֻ֣̫дд衣
ѰЦڡ
ԣվһߣУ֮£ǲ

䣡
δ£ڿն𣬳ۣɫѰһս
ϴ󣬰ӣûкúʰ㣬ɶҵġ
ѰƾŲƣ˲֮ϡ
¡
ûκһսˡ
ͼϣն򱬣ʮƱضڶ
츦һ֣ͺޱضȫ
ѰǶǿϴβҰܵĽѵĿҲС
ֻǣѰͬҲûбҪúýѵһޱȣԽʮļһ
ʡԺһԼ˸硱ʱҲٶԼǻơ
䣡
Ǻܿ죬͵ùˣѰ̧ͷһһ
ϸ򡢰³Ծѡ޲Ŀ
Ѱȷûº֣ȴȭȭ⣬ðףͷɢƾ˻𣬶޼£жˡ
ֻƤˣĪҪ
ԾȰο
ЦúǿһѵҲãʡԺСӢۣλս湻µģǿչŵϣǿʥ񡯵ˡ
ԾЦ
³˵᲻λ˸糹׵ˣ
ϸЩġ
³ﵽڣô϶Ҫ˸ʰˣҵѹ
飡
͵أӰݺڵϣʯ涼ҳһο
Ȼ󣬰ԹߵӿڴСӣôԴ˸ģ



1662 뿪
˸磡
νմֵѰ̲סֽڵϺݺݴһ١
λһ̫ӣױˣ鴤緢Ƶġ
ٲ̿ȥŤͷΪԹѰǿ󣬿Ҳܸı䰽Ժ˸ʵ
ԽԽˡ
ϸп
²ѣѰսʽԳֳһȫµɱ䣬ʵ̫ˡ
³ٺЦҿСӾ˽ѵܸıǰţëҲǼõġ

һ
ϯضǱ׵ģѻָֻĿ⿴ѰʱأԴһĨԹ
̫ˣ
һһ㶼˸硱ӣԼԺ̧ͷˣ
Ҳֻзɧ
Ժ󾡿ܵرԼ÷鲻ʱԼд衱
ֹӣ֪㿼ˣ
ڣһ仰˽ɫһĿ뿴Ѱ
˭ѰһԾѵȥ
ǰ죬˿Ҳ
ѰӦעܴԾѡ
ѣأ
ѰĿ⿴Ծѡ
ԾЦЦͺãҶġ
ѰĬˡ
ãһЦǱȥɡ
ӵԾѵżʱԾʵɻΪĶ
ֻǣںԼ̬ȣŻԼϡ
£ɿоܾĵ
οѿ佾һЩɶԾѵȷǴ⡣
ΣվѪ׽ıãѪŨˮ
һܵãɻϣѱÿ϶ܴʣò벻Ĵ컯
Ҳ˿зʣЩĽԾˣܹҵһλƽ⣬΢ĵ£򸴺
㡭ã
ԾԺ⣬һԹϲá
ѰЦˣֻҪҪģȥҾܲᣬɻǺϣȥ飬㲻˵ôǾóʱڳĺĺ
ϸȻһ̾ŵģζܲˡ
˵ţ뿪
³һп㿴ϸԴˣ翴ܲԾϲŮˣԭǽ˼ǣ˴ϡ
˵꣬Ѱһ񺮣ûٶңҲϽʧ
³æ뿪ȥϸˣ˵һЩϲ˲ǴʹԼȡĻ
ԤϸƢ϶һʱ
ȻûԶϸŭļУҰˣڶ̬ˣöүϲˣ
̲סЦ˼һ̫θˣһ𷵻ǿչŵһȥһͣ
Ҳϲˣ
һ£ǡ˰ɡҿ޸ܡ
ѰԾѶݸ
Ϻ󣬵һۣƽ̸ڡ
˵һЩǿչŵϵ飬ѰҲȻ
磬ǿչŵϣšʮս塱ÿһżΪԻ͵սʷ̹ƾá
Сͥƿ
д۸ӵġսˡÿһսˣ۾ɣС
硰ŻսˡԹŻĵ۾ɡ
ɵս˵ȵȡ
ԴˣѰ˵ÿһ۾ڼ롰ŻսˡʱԿЯ׼۾ӡ
ӣʵܼŻսˣڵ۾УԺɽٳɵ۵ĻԻࡣ
Щǿչŵϣ֮ǿսͷ硢ƴ½ء
һҹѰ˺ܶơ
֪ѾҪ뿪ˣԺܳһʱܾû
ֵʱ̣ѰȻٻҲⲻᡣ
ԾĬĬѰߣĬĬȾƣʵҲǧذתƾζ
ˣȥɻᣬܷл֮棿
ѰȻʵ
ԾһڴӾսغѰΪϸ򡢰³СС׼һӵ˽֮ʸ
Ҫȥ֮棿ǿĴ֮һǿչŵϣЩĴˣܹʸǰ֮Ҳ֮١
֪ӵо۴ʥĵ̣е̽ѰԵܹȻ֮߳ģʮ֮һ
Ҳ˵ǰŻʱҲ˵ǰ֮ġǺ·Щ³֣λСǿմʥϵľΪ׼
˵⣬˿ѰǺѵ֣Ϊ;磬ǿʥϣǰ֮棬ֻ²ܾЩλСǿմʥϵĺˡ
ǿʥǿմʥһ֮֮ȫһΡ
簽죬һľʥҲûǿʥ
ɴ˿֪ǿʥεȿ̺ͱ̬ܹλϵģȻԹھһľ
֮Աȣǿմʥϵ϶Ҫ£ǿ
Ѱüͻָƽ
òײȡһ֮ĻᣬԲܻᱻˡ
ң۴ʥҲֻһƾˣҲȥ˾
֮棬һءΪ֮ڣһĺУܵĿֲֻ
һʶӺܾ֮ǰ¹أһᣬԲأ
Ѱüëһɵؿһһۡ
ʱյΪѣıòһȥһȥ֮棿ǿɾС֮ĶȾ֮ˣ
¸㣬ںܾ֮ǰˣǰ֮棬أѹȥǧ꣬ûд֮߳
̫ӣǣ
ݣܾ֮ǰλ̫Ӱǣλǿմʥλľ۴ʥ
ǿչŵ϶вϧ̫ӰܻŴ֮淵أҲһλ벽۾ڣӵгɵ۵ϣ
Ѱɫ𲻶̾ѣˣ㻹Ǻһһǰһذɡ
Ծһ
ѰȫΪԼİΣǡ
ˣСӣʲôСһһ˸𣿡
ѰƳһһۣһɫһ粻ջˣûٸұﲻ
Ѱλ˸֮ġЧĿǰܲ

һ
졢Ҫڽ뿪ˡ
ȻԾҲһߡ
λϵܣ治Ǹһߣǿǿչŵ޵ǰġϽ硯ʧ˴λᣬԺɾˡ
ߣʢϸͰ³һߣȴϸ˺ԥܾˡ
ðһ̾Ϣ
ڴʱһֱĬѰȻĿ⿴죬˵
˴ǰһѷκһ˿⣬ѰĲ㣡



1663 
ѰǺвĻüëŭұãɿܻ⣿
ѰŶһҪǰдд裿
ɫˣһԺĵԼ÷ǼֱһѰ
Ѱǰ򣬵㣬ȴһģʲô⣬ҿ϶ܲˣʱҿɲںʲôһ
˵⣬̾ЩⶼҵĻ˵ۣ֮ѱҵۡ
˵գЦЦҲɫ粻İ죬תԾȥ
δҲ̫۸ˡ
ԾѽղŵһĻĻ۵ףижһˮ
ǵô
ѰЦһóݸԾѣţһЩҩȥһҪչ˺Լ۸㣬ȼԺҰһһˡ
УҪǵŬУҲصңˣүҲգ׵۹ڵЩġ
һ̣Ѱ߶߶̫Ƶģ̡׻׻棬ûûˡ
ԾЦš
ֱ뿪Ͱ졢һڿնȥʱԾϣЦɣֻȴ¡
޼ƿüͷȴͷ
̲סףͼԶϣѰԣڻ֣ǺЦоǹů
ֱԾѡ졢˵ӰʧѰأں°֮ϣӡ
һӦþ裬ǧַ飬˵
ѰȻȾơ

ϣİ
ѰǣһƤƺ«һƣһ߹ۺ
ѾԾ뿪ĵھ졣
һֱˡ
ǲΪˣ
Զ³ǿڣԾѹ뿪˻Ƶģ״ɺܲ
Ϊڣп϶ġ
ϸ
Ů֮飬溦˲ǳ
³꣬ƳһϸѵȻ֮Ҳһɱݽȥ
ϸͷͻͻ˫ĿҰˣ˵һΣ
켷
³Цֵܵģѵܹػһӻѱ߲ݣǧԼֵۡ
䣡
ϸֱӱߣһȭ³Դ
ܿ죬˾ɱϾ죬սҡ
ѰһһһԻϲԩҡ
ҲûƵ飬𣬵ȴСС󣬾͸ǲҪˣҳأȥһ⣡
Ҫչأ
ϣϸ졣
飡
һֱӱ³һȭϣǰֱðǣȻŭֳȥ
㾡ܱչأҰ³ڣá
³ĴЦδ£ͱϸһ߷ɣʹĲҽС
Ѱҡͷϣе÷ŵļһ
ľС
ѰһһĨȻ
ڵ۹سʱ򡰴֮Уֻһƾϣ۴ʥ֮
ƫƫٳٲ
Ѱо顣
ıǡ£ҵΨһĵ;ǹδУͬ
ǵھ̤֮ھսΪʥƵ顣
ҲΪ˶޲ߡ
˴αչأѰΪƾҪһ¡
ˡ
һĲٿȻ䣬Ѱٴνͨؾ
Ϥƴبᴩ֮Уֱֱͷһ֮ͨţ
ţͨ죬һ۶ߣյĴƽǽӡŤɬԵķͼ
ԶԶһƾС֮⡣
Ѱ·̤ƴ֮ͨǰ
һΪڱ۾ѪвʱõĻᡣ
ŮϤĿռšٿȻ
ϥ֮ͨǰӰһƻɬĵƣƻã˸޷ݡ
ѰǾʥҲ޷쵽
Ϊ˴Ůʱ̵ظܵһַĵѹ֣ܿƣ
ǰ
Ѱ˵ȽɫֵǰԶ֡
Ůһ˲Ѱһоܷ¶Ƶġ
ܿ죬ֲʵĸоʧͼŮ˵Ҳ²ûԺ֣֮ӦǲõλˣԷ񣿡
Ѱͷ
ûʲôġ
ֻ徳ʿνޱȡ
ǾʥΪͻƾ۴ʥޱҪɿԼȥһ⣡
ɳľѳƵһλġʥˡ
Ů䣬ƶϣ˴ΪŶ
Ѱǰ˵ĲѲıδֻ¡
ֻ¡
ŮӳĬƬ̣ʧܵĺ㶼
Ѱͷɫ̹Ȼ
ʧܣͻ᳹ʧȥͨؾȻΪˣڴ֮ǰųٳûŵľϡ
ŮӰԼһӻҡҷ
ѰߣĿԶ֮ͨţϣܰ쵽ҿɲϣٵȺһߡˡ
ѰЦԵȫΪ
˵գǰֱֱִ֮ͨǰߣӣŬãп治֮ͨ
˵ţһưǷŻɬͼıϡ
ˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ѱֻǰһ㱣һС
ɽ续
һ۾ӰȻɽۣ֮˫ָڤ֮ϡ
ɽХǷ˿еֱҪ˷ȥ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬ӰˣһӣϼΪһ貹𣬺ݺƿڤײ֮ããС
ˡ
մԭһһײȥӲƿһ״аŻ
һǿյĴԨɲתͷųĿɲΧ˺Ť飬ޱȡ
ܹǳǣǳݣвתХ¡¡ڤ֮ϵݳһ׵Ļ档
һ֮£ڤ֮ţ
˭Ͼ˽ƾһ֮Բ
Ѱ𺳣ڶμʶ˿ֲ龰
һһνƴ壬һδͨؾʱҲ˾
ֻǣģŽֻһմӿɽ꣬Ǿʥڡ
䣡
Ѱֻһ죬ѪţڣܵļѪ
Ȼֿ˵һĻĻϤľ󡪡
ⱻ򿪵һаŻͻȻ̽һֻ޴ޱȵצ˺գڤкݺ̽¡
צ̫ɽǰ粻۵ɳצӸűƬͷų
֮ѱҴ򿪣˭̤·
Уͼһɽ֮۵۾ӰһָһĨȻէ֡
һֲֻ޴צѾɢֻܿѪҺк£أˣ
⻹ûꡣ
ûãһȿеġ֮šڣٿȻһâɵΰӰ
ӰҫۣհϣȼգԽԵʥ֮
·񽫣Ϊ;ȻҲˣôֱʣ
ɽۣ֮۾ӰһХһֲӢ۷е֮š
Ѱ׼ɱðǣѪңסҲȻǿסԺǻڤڤ죬ʲôҲ



1664 ֮ͨͼ
ٺһĩվ֣ǰϤ
ݣ֮糱ˮ٣׹¯УĿ꣬Ϳ̿
ɽ
Х
ľɻҡ

·ĩˡ
Ψһɽϣһ۾ӰţĬĬһУһ¶ζ
ãһ̾쳹ءʱң
һ̣Ѱ·𱻸ȾƾһɾȻʡȻĸ
Ҳʱ۾ӰԱߣһͭףʮɣ׭ܵͼ
۾Ӱǰͭףóһһ֧ʣֶͭףȻͭ׿˼ϣ󲽶ȥ
ѰѼֲ֡
ΪһУڵѼ
۾Ӱóһһ¹ı
ҲƾһһʣڻԵɺ֮´һĻԵ֮õͨؾ
ֻǣڶĿľȴڡšʱѰЩ⡣
˼ǣŸ̤Уǡ۾ӰΪжԶ
ǾʥľҲѺ͵ͬնɵĿһĻĻϤʱɸеһֱѹָо
ǡ۾Ӱ˭
νġ֮š͡·ʲô
͵أѰ侲ǰһĻĻϤ󶼻ûн
ؼģ
һϤľûб仯ôһ۾Ӱͻͷ
ৣ
Ѱͷԭ󲽶ߵһ۾ӰƲʲôȻֹȻͷˣ
ֻһѣĿȴʱպ£ңңͶ˹
һ˲һ׼߾ȫľ侲Ѱ׻
һղһĻĻ㱬飬ʼȻ
ͬʱѰ̲ס۵һȳһѪ
ҲоҪһ类˺ѣһ޷ݵʹ֮С
Ǹоǿң·һ̾ͽʹȥ
һĿⰡڵһΡԼʱԼֱӻȥ񣬾ҪݵһĻɣ

ݵľעͬСɣϴԼΪ̫Сûܼʶ
һΣصޣ
䣡
һɲѰױתǰزȼա
ڣǺȻĸ־УѰٴοһңңĿ⡣
ĿУһ˿죬ַ·һ˿ο͵ر
ִգ
ɶѰԣĿʱ궼бٻľʹʶģ

һУ
Ѱҧأɫ㡣
һǿҵֱľ϶ƿ֮ͨйأ
ܷ

ѰܵһУŮӻȻܲ
ֻѰɫڼ仯ʼĳԾ𺳣ֱô㵣ʲô
ɺܿ죬ɫͱʹࡢ⣬ͷ˵Ϣӿ纣
ѵҲô
Ůü
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Ϊ̫Ƿ֮ţտɲĸȺʸ֮ġ
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ҲڴʱѰϣӿֳһɻɬޱȵ֮Ԩɲ⡭
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Ҳһ˲Ѱͷκˡ
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ѰУȴֳһͼţ֣ɬתһԿףܿŵ֮գ
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ѰȴޱöͼšԼУгһգһΪԼһɼ㡱ţ
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б·񽫡ĽâɵΰӰӳ
Ȼݣĩս٣
۾Ӱ̾ʱҡṳ̂·ɺһͭףҪȥ
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ǡĿ⡱УӳһڿռǿеǺ··ͷһȽյ֮ţ
ʱ侲ЩʱѰȴ֣Լɴ˺ܶϸڡ
磬۾Ӱվͭȥ
ΨһԿ϶ǣ۾Ӱǵ조ͨؾˡ
ߣԳΪ֮ͨ
һȽڰе֮ţӦþǡ֮šƿţɼ㣬⡮㡯شָľǡ·
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⣬Ƿ֮ͨΪԼµһѡԿס
ˣԼгһӵпƿ֮ŵʱǷܹƾѡԿס̤·
Ѱ˼
֮ǰһĻĻ̺̫˼ϸڣҲֵú˼ĵط
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ʵԲ٣ҼһߡֹڴսʤһڳΪʱŵС֮ơߵ桯֮ǰĴУɴӲܴﵽһ
ԺУƾӵеĵ̺͵У۳ɵҲǲܵ顣
塢ռţȴһ˿Ȼ
ƺҲû뵽һϣѰҲûгɹ
Ѱӳ˼ѣɫЩΪԼʧˣ
Ҳԣ֮ͨŻţԼٳٲҲ˶ᡣ
뵽⣬ѰЦǰ㿴
֮ͨϵ֣ڻʱǰһơ


1665 Ĺ԰
ͨΡĴţŮ𾪵Ŀ£
ռŵؾ֮һ
ŷ⳾һ׮δ֪֮գῪУŮƽľҲһ
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ѵȴ£һʧܶȥġߡȴ룬Ѱɹˣ
ڸղţΪѰʧܣΪ˻ο
ɲ룬Ѱ͸һľϲ
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ʥĹת뵵ȥããһƬԾ
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ৣ
ѰӰܿƣͱŮӴţǰããС
ǡ̺ߵΨĵ۾ǿߣԵΪĲá
Ϊ̫ͣñͼȥߢЩ
ããУŮڽһ鲻

Ѱס֡
ף
յ蹦Ů㣬¶֮ɫ
ҲڴʱѰҲڿԶУһϵĹ԰
һڣ岼Уһǧ֮࣬Եù֮
⡭
Ѱ㵣֮ͨڣһϵĹ԰
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Ĺ԰
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ÿһڣڣ˭
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ŮŲ߹ȥĹ԰һڣǰ
ѰҲ˹һ˲䣬ëȥҷظڣÿһڣɢһεĿֲ
·ŵģԶŵ
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ʲôŮָһڣǰһʯʯϸһѪҺѸɺԵָ
ָ±ǨԵð޳ͣϵȻĵƣɢŲãصϢ
ѰĿ⿴ȥֻһָȴһֲֿ֮ѹȡ

ҲڴʱһźϢ𣺡һǧ꣬ڻ뵱ۡԾ
ˣΪһ졮ۣ֮Ϊһ֮棬ɾޣھ
ϧָڴˣֻΪ䡮֮
ʹʧŮӺѰ붯ݡ
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ɲ˼ǣŮӵûܲ׽Դ
Ѱ˼Ӧ֮ͨܿһӡʶһָʱ֮𡣡
Ůӵͷһָһλһĵ۾һ֮棬ֲ֮Ը죬ͽͽһ桯ȴûܵסУͱһָ
УءԾ֮⡣
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ʯϣһѪܵĻУдš޻ڴ·߸ѪȴĿĹ֡
ûκ⣬һٴ𡪡
ɾߣһˣ
ԻɻΪʥ̶⾰̤ϴ֮˷Ϊֻۡ᲻ϲ֮д衣
̾ӻȴκβᣬ֮ѪΪīָΪʣдһ֣񡣡
ѰŮӶһۣĬ
ǰС
ÿһڣǰʯʯ֮ϽƷжϽвмסȾѪǡӨ׹ͷص֦
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˽Գƣ确ɽзӣǰݷá
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գ԰ڡ֮ͨ£
ŮӶԵĬԵúܲƽ
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˵طڣһǧһǧڣԴһλλ֮ͨеĶ֡
ÿһ֣Ҳе۾۾֮µǿߣͲ֮ͨС
ŮӳĬƬ̣˵ңʱƣ֮ͨеĶԽԽԽֲվˣɴ˿ɼ֮ͨǺεǿ󡣡
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ļȱ˺ܶ࣬»ҰƵģжϲδʧ
ʶ֮ͨսǺεҫۣԾţ˸£
ֻǣһλӦǧţΪƳģһֱʷУ
ŮӺܾ֮ǰ߹Ż䣬£ʶ˲õľ
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ңĹ԰һǧڣУҲûһŮ֪ģ
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Ůૣҿ϶ŻдӲйݵ˵
Ȼ֮ͨһУӦòǷڹŻҲܺǿչŵ޹أ
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֪ͨؾĸ૑¹һǿձ˰



1666 ͽ
ѰŮӸԶ뵽˼С
Ĺ԰Уһڣǰˣġ
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һ糱ˮ첨ϵĹ԰ɢ
ѰֻǰٿȻ仯ҰָʱѰһ
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ȴһε֮ϵף죡
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Ѱѿڶ㲻Լ۾û뵽һ۵Ĺ⾰ѣһжˡ
Լġ֮ͨ
ܹƴعصˣ٣ܹܿŵģȴֻһˡ
֮ͨЦڣ·ڵȺѰ
Ҳһľ糿ĺģһ㲻Ծ׽
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֮ͨ˵ţéǰһʯǰ£һѲֻյʼ衣
Ѱ죬һŬԼ侲˹ȥ
Ѱǰ
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ǰֻµһ־ӡҡɢ˰ɡ
˵⣬ɹȻһЦԴǺü·Ҷԣ븡죬ʱһԵˣοƽ
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һλ˸ţ촫ĸУǧλ۾ϵ£
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ǹʣ֮ͨŻֱ˵ͽ֮
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֪֮ǰӢΰ뷢ƮϢʳ˼̻𣬾ֹѣ崺硣
ɴʱϢȴԵÿɲ֮
˲䣬Ѱ׹ߣ뵽֮ͨź󣬲ŵĲʲô컯ͻԵ
һֲ˼ܵ־ӡ
˵ŮǶԵģǰ֮ͨѲ
Ҵ컯²ôΪҪŴξܾǰɴû˭ѿ
֮ͨĿ⿴Ѱͳˣ˵һ㲻ϲĻһŵʱ򣬾ֽɫᱻҿһۣ̫Сˣ
Ѱɫ粻ǿ԰ĵļ¶𵴣ֱӵ˵˵ɣ㾿Ҫʲô
ͽ
֮ͨԥһὫһǻۡ顢ȫУʱ£˭κ㣿˭ָҲУ
˵ȻƮҷü䷺һĨ˵Ŀȡ
ʱ㽫ҵ־̤ϵ;ƿ֮ţɱ·һгȫɱ⣡
羪ףɱ졣


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֮ͨĿһɭ塢Ľɫ
Ů˵ĲѲֻ֮ͨһƿڴ˵Ⱥµһ־ӡˡ
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ĿܻὫһϣڡͽϣ
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֮ʱңұ㣬ʦͽͬ޵ĵˣһɱˣҵĵˣһɱˣ󡭡һٴף
֮ͨɫֱÿ񣬡ʱ뿪ΪʦΪʦٴһǱӡ
꣬ѰĽԺ
Ƕ᣿

ҪԼǻۡǡ־ȫ£ͶԷȫںϣ
ֻǵʱԼĿܻԼ
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֮ͨºԼѪԵϵǰ֮ͨѲǵˣ
Ϊɱ·һƳױִ֮ͨǲһҪԼˡ

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̤Ǻģء
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֮ͨԥˣ˼ȵΣգǲˣȻ˲䱻Ĩ

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˽ǣ׾Ȼͨȴɢʰԣʥ
գѹŽ
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֮ͨ΢Уڴ棬ӡһеġ
һһȻۡ
ֻǣĶѲȱ˸޷ϡ
֮ͨȴˣ˵
ǸѣִƴǷǵħ϶
УһĨԾ
֮ͨԺУֳһļ䡣
ܾúܾǰѰ죬ֻΪѰһɿһĶ֡
ǵϹĴ֮һġ桱֮أһλеĵ۾ǿ߶ս
λ۾ǿУȴЦ˵֮λǰ֣ذɣ
ʱ֮ͨŽɣʼѰ٣ֻǱѰ棬֪գҲһ
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֮ǰһУԱҿ۵ףȴ̸ʲôԾԾʤ㡣
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ֱںܾԺ֮½޵аĴʱףһӰӵźεȿµĵС
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⣬·һڤڤе֮ͨɣĪǾһ
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֮ͨӰԽԽ͸ԽԽģˣʧ֮ǰȻ¶һĨޱȵļ˻
𣬱٣һִʲôһҵʵϢˣǷɽ֮ǰˣǰʱǰͨؾĥУ
˵ʶʲô͵شЦҲ²£ıòҲһ㣬˰ɣ
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֮ͨӰɢһƬ꣬գӨ貣ԡ
֮ͨµġһ²ڡ

תϼͼһƬӨ貵ġӿѻԹȥѰڣľС
ǣѰľڣһöͼšӿ֣һƾӨ貵ġȫȡʧѰľڡ
죿ڵģʲôСΨ㡯
ڤһ̾
ԼԼأһ޵ӰӴ߳˯ȥѰǰ΢΢ӡ
ˣɺεȿΪԳɹģû룬ȴһִϡ
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һްӰٿȻʹʧ
ٿȻһ⣬عѰڡ
ղŷһĻĻ粻ʵһûһ˿һĺۼ

ѰһֵΡ
У֮ͨŭޱȵ˻𣬴ŲʡĴЦ𡭡
һƬǿգǳѭУǺӵת
һΰӰǿݵ
䲩ͷɢò׾棬Ӣΰ֮ףһһ޲ǣ֮ǿղڣ鹲֮쳹ʮأ
ѰȻһǿҵֱ֮ͨͨ죬һƫִɿ־ӡ
Ϊǵȿķɣϰ޵Ϣֻ֮ͨʸӵУ
أξģǿݵ֮ͨǳջһöͼš
󣬺Ȼ飬꣬ʢѤá
˯еѰҲ͵ؾѹȻ壬̧Ĺˣȴһоѱˡ
ûǻľިϪˮʵé®Ҳû֮ͨһ־ӡ
˷һһڣ£һǧһڣÿһڣǰʯϣ԰ŸǧٹֵƷ
һĹ԰
Ѱʱס
ѵ֮ǰԼһУȫһβɣ
δҲ̫ʵˡ

ԲΣѰ͵ΣŬԼ侲ڴʱֻľзһ
ԺУֳ֮һصĴ
㱼䣬Ѱ·ֿһƬǿգǺתУһΰӰݵ


1669 ޾ɾ
ڣǳ
֮ͨΰӰһһǣһĪĵ֮ơ
Ѱͷֳһִиӿĺ
ֱ֮ͨӰ͵һ٣ұ̽һָ
ǳȻ
ټ飬ɢ
䣡
ͬʱ鱬顢ǳ֮ӿֳĿֲȫ֮ͨڡ
ƣȻȸղſֲһأӰһ޴ڶ
֮أһƬޣһ
һƬҲɣȻƿ
֮صġ·ֶ
򣬵Ȼֹ
Ѱ͵ؾѹԺӡһС
ɵأΪã޾޾ҷ޾
һ»ɬĴвתһ޾ɾ
һֺĴУ֮ͨ;յĴ澭
ң˵ĺģǡԨ񷡱츳
˵޾ɾ֮ͨרΪԨ񷡱ϵ
֮ͨսУƿش˵һλһλ
޵ߣô˾ҲעܲаأΪûдԨ츳һжȻ
Ѱԣ˵¡
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ŶԴʽ⣬Ե;ĸ򣬶ԵĲǲ
׶Ҳԡ
޴Ԩ츳޷
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һѰӳ˼оѣ̧ͷͿ֪ʱŮԼߡ
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ѰǵãŮѣûֱӴӦ֮ͨġͽ顣
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ͨؾıһִȴװ㣬ңҲעĶ֣ɱңͬѡ
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ƿ֮ͨţһغͬģҲõһЩ벻ĺô
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֮ͨµġ²Ϊ޾ɾѱԼõ
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һζֻԼ֮һ⣬ĺųʣ³ˡ
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Ѱ䣺˵׼
ѰǱ𣬴뿪
ŮûһӣһεЮѰ˴˵ء
סҽСء
Ѱ뿪ͨؾǰŮӵ
ء
ѰһöϱҲ׭һʮġء֡
ԭ֡

庣ϡ
һľУѰܻ谵ԼһĴʯ
֮ǰͨؾеľ
ãѰƽ飬ʶɢ
ϣϸ򡢰³ƴƣѺȵ̬࣬죬˽Եɴ۾һҪŵ׵ļƣ˭Ҳ䡣
ССһսΪ
Զ񱳸һڴڹⲽתţʱʱϸһۣһӡ
һĻĻ۵ףѰһЦûھͳصĴ㡣
ոջõ֮ͨ²ѰһԣһΪĵġ޾ɾ̲źε

ڶ


1670 ȣ

ϸۣһʯϷ
Աߣ³ں˯
СħС졣
ؿԼĺڹơ
󡣬˵綼ѱչһ࣬صڻҿɶѳıˣȥȣһʱҪһɣ
̫ˣ̲סڵ̫ʱھͺպľ֮Դ֦ҶÿһƬҶӣһĴգӵޱȵá
Сڳˮⱦȵز¾ˮ֮һˣֻһڳˮƱ޸ԡ
룬Ⱥѻĵϣһ֡ʯʥеľѲϡ
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˵˵ţˮоǴѡ
֮ܶǽһ̿ǹ֮۵ı֮࣬Գ󣡡
ϸб˴һۣЦûȥأѴ㽫˼ҵϵȫˣֱ̫ˡ
У·أΪһԺǾͻףʲôǮʱ١
̾Ϲʱһλʸе̡Ҳ̤ϵ۾Ϊҵ̫һĶɽٱﶼûУڳɵ֮ٽʱˣ˵Ҳң
ʱһһЩıĿܻ䣿ֻѻΪۣЦˣ
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һģ֪˰ɣ񣬶ȶѳʥԴԿ¼һһľѰĵҩĸͲǵ󡣡
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ڣǻ᲻ΪӾսл˺Դ㹻ȥӻģԺΪԺ׽⣬Ϊʱ򡣡
۾֪ΪμٻڹŻ򣿹ؼڣŻڵԴ޷ǵ裡
٩٩̸ĭɡ
ϸЦ˵˵ȥ޷Ϊ˽һǮƣżҲûãɻڱչء
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䣡
ڴʱѰչصľУٿȻһɿֲϢֱԼ䣬һڴԨգڱ񷡣
һʱ䣬еʼس߻ۣһڴԨɡ
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ϸ򡢴һ
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¯򷨣ǡһ󺣣ڣȥɣһšĺ
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սʱԣ޾ɾҪʤһ
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۸ֺǴ¯Ҫʤһ
˹һݡ˴
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ںգǰ۹سʱϾѣҪѰǰҪй¶
Ϊ˷δУ̫ɺǿǱ۾ϹﶢϣҲǲɣ
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֮¯ڵ֮ʱѾ߱Žδ֮󣬵񻹽ֻһΣҾʥ֮У޵۾ء
޾ɾһƵϴУֲھȺףеİأǣ۾
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һǿҳԵĳ嶯ջסˡ
񣬴¯ɵģ̫нű䡢Ԫһնűָȵȴаء
ЩԼûгײ͸ȥɴ޾ɾϴУЩ
ңԴ޾ĲҲֻǳնѣлİز
ʱҲʵȥԽ˴ԼķС
ʥǴ¯Щƣ˾ʱٽгҲ١
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磬Ҫˣ
ľ⣬ϸ
ͬʱǻ𼱻ǵѴСӣٲȥȣүҿᱻĥ÷
ѰȻŶ
ڱչǰ˵ƹ֮ʱȥһ⣬ʱҲѲˡ
Сڳˡ
۾һϲѣºðˣߣȥЩѻķɣֵ֪ܵ
ϸЩǵ磬ƾǵȿʥ֮أһܹ̫Ӵ񣬿ɾ֮
Ѱɫƽͷģмƽϡ
Ҳܣֻľ
³߹Ц
ԶССҲĿԶԶ
ЩһֱڵȴѰյһ
Ѱˣʹһ֣
ߣ
ķϻѸ˵Ϊ˾Ȼ鹭飬Ϊ˱
һǰȣѰڱУ
֪׿̸ھ֮Ѱѳ׺ͽһ
һ죬ѾõѰһ뿪庣ǰһڵĵ̡
ȣ


1671 ں
սĻѾȥʱ䡣
ʱŻ˲֪ٺ䶯֪жΪѰھսеս
սһˣ
ͷΣҫ۵գǹŻ޵ߣ˭֪ܲѰ֮
·Ƴұұ֮Ϊ壡
ˡѰ
ЩѰĵͳҲãЩɵѰĴҲա
˭ĹŻѰѳɣâ֮ʢע˿ѹƣ
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ϾǴƾõĹ֮Уȱ޾һʥ˵ĵ̣
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⣬Żͳɵĵط
Ϊһ㣬Ӻ͵жѰĴҪѰǷǰ
Ӱ
Ѱһˣս꣬Ӳɱƣ

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ʱҥԣ˷롣
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һĽɫӣݺݳ£һӰƤ
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һӰأԿЦǴӶٴΣжһһţЩСӻȥǿչŵħëˣ
ħڣħڴۣǽһʷ׿ҫ۵һλ棬һĽ
ͬģħڴҲһӰǵĳˣ
ںɫˣЩࡣ
ԭΪйһĵһӰĻȴŭˡ
ֻǣ͵ں̢һӰʱȻ䣬һʹҴŲն
峤Ѱӳˣ
һ仰ں͵رһĨâЩ٣
⺦СߡСʮС飬ʱڳˣѹѾõĺⶼƲס
֮⡣
ͷٻش
ţ
ںһ͵ɫ΢䣬ʶԾСò
ˣˣӾ֪һ첻Զˣȴû뵽ڽ죬ˣ
ڰУһӰĿЦ
һ֮ǰ


1672 
һ޴ϿȣʥĹϵƲ㶼ȾɹĽɫ
һããΨнɫϿȴ䣬ɷ׳ۡ
ȣ
ԶԶأѰ䣬ɫ
Աߣڷɿܣ
һʮλ룬ÿһλʥǿߡ
ʮλʥԪϣЩϹŴʥս
һ峤ں죬һλʥڡ
ˣһԼĪǧ֮ڣĿ̸϶Ӵ󣬿ÿһǺݽɫ
ȻǶԣûļֵΨһҪľЩʥԪϡ
͹ŻϵͳȣһĵҲǲѶãй֮
ȣ̫Ӵǽһϳ˵̶ѨҲΪðȻɱȥܵա
ˣΪʥ֮أЩֻǽһϵ䴫ţһȻû׼۾ҲӦûʥεĿֲڡ
⣬ѰȻؿ˴һۣ˽Ⱑ
ٺٵ֪֪ˣսүοĥ㿳һɣ˳ȡһЩܲĴ̽˵ʵ
ѰҲ˵һ׼۾ڵ۹سЧⲢζţûϹ
룬ʥעڵģ
ڵŻУһϵͳһλʥ򣬾ѿͨĴڣ¡
ѰѲЩ
³Ħȭʵ磬͵Ϯãһһ
͵Ϯ
ҡͷڽأܸ͵ϮĻᣬҲãǿģ˷ɣ̫ˣ
һ˼ŷɣ
˵ô죿
³ۡ
һתƳѰСӣء
Ҳ棬ΪѰ޿֣֪ʥҪԸһֻ¶õ
ô죿ȻȥŰݷá
Ѱ䣬Ц˵
̸ʱǧ֮أԶһ޴Ͽڣ貵Ľһʥ
ʲôģ
أһͷڴһ꣬ɫư䡣
ݷãóް͸Ͻʧɲǿǰĵط
ͬʱϿȸӰԽĿ⿴һȺĲ֮͡
Ѱǰݷýһ
أѰȴ쳹ÿһͷȡ
ʲôѰ
ãһģ
԰ɣǽһĵ̣𣬺ʲô𣿡
궯һڽһǿߴ㵣ɫ仯
ѰսһˣŻҫ۵һλʥˣ˭֪ܲ
˭Ҳû뵽伣֮Ѱǽһϳ֮ǰ
һʱ䣬пѰĿⶼϾɡޡɵ֮ɫ
Ѱᣬǰ㾲Ĭ㣬ǧ֮أ
⡭Ҫ̤֮˵أ
鶼ɴš
ʲôʱСӸˣһʥ֮صĹȺУ
һԽһǳ
Ѱڵ
ȣϾ߳ĵ۾ɿûʲô֣
ܿ죬Ǿ޴ĽɫϿڣӳһϢֲӰ٣Ů
Ϊ׵ĺȻں죡
ԭ˵Ѱţںлһ󷢽ΪѰҵʲôɽŸ㵨
˭룬ִ˵أȴһ龰
Ѱϸ򡢰³˺һֻ񣬾ǰö֮ǡ
ˣˣ
ں츽ŵǽһĸ߲һĻʱҲһ
ѰɥĲ˰ɣȻ͸ƣ
˼̫˼ˣҽһĴˣһʥڶѣȴҡڵӻòͷˣΪҽһ۸
ںЦɫȴɱ
ûȥСӱСȴˣһ֡Ҳĸо
ҲЦ
ȷ̫ˡ
ȣǽһϳѰˣȴ֣
޿֣
ǲ֪غ
һڱ䡢Ŀ⣬Ѱɫ
ֻһָȻҴ˴ǰֻһ£ʶȤģѹµġȱǰ򣬺Ը
һ仰óлȻǿ߼ֱоˡ
ӣвһ壿
ΪԼ˭ۣ
׼ˣֻҲ˷
һʥȴƫƫ˵ˣ˵ĸоԵúܿЦҲܻ
Ҳ˺ɣ̲סʣȱ˭
Ǹѹڷɣ֮µϣħڴѹӴҪϣ߲ơ
˷ɿ͡
ںɫǱ֮絶ѰС飬Ϸûȥ㱨㷴ƣ֪ôд𣿳ΪʥΣҽһǰɲֵһɹ
һڽǿ߽ΪȻ
ʥȷֲܿͿ£ƾǽһǼֱûʲô
磬Щëܿǰ
³ɱתЩ಻סҪսˡ
ֻ֤Ǻ֪Щ϶һ㶼Ϳǿ͸ǵ飬ŲЩ϶ôϻ
ϸЦ
ҲԣЩѻҲֻϹզ
³ҲЦĳ
սĴ˺Ļֳ棿
ֻҪѰڣǺɱҲ
һʱ䣬ںһڽһɫǵȷЩ͸ʶûеһʱ䶯֡
¿ѰǿɲСѰ
Ͼһսɱĺݽɫšսһˡ֮ƣĿǲ֪֮
ȸö֮ǰ˵׼ĳ̣
ˣںǲû̶֡
޵߸ǵϳǰƣ类ǵӬһˣͲϻ
ڴʱѰһֻ̾ܶǿˡ
ƾǣֻ»ԶԶ
ںߡ
͵ڱıԵɱơ
ϹҲɫơ
ɱѹ֡
ˣѰЦЦҪ
ڴʱһĴЦԶԶ
ȣЦҲ
䣡
һΰӰƿնƮȻأһĿֲƣҲ֮Ӷ
˼ͷһⲻЦ졣
ںһ
ȣ˻֪ɵ̤ʥϹ򼸺һεضµʥ֮أ
ۼ̣ѷɫǽһ
⣬Ѱӵ̣
ںЦֻһˣǽһ

ֻǣһ̾ٴ𣬴һֽƵɱ


1673 Զ
ʢ£ٵҹ巣
һ£ϷƮҹ巣ֳУü䣬֮
ޱɽ
һǿɫһ䡣
ޱɽҹϣںܾ֮ǰһλ˸ĵߣΪޱۣۼħڴ۶Ҫʤһ
һȺᣬֵ̫⡣
ɵֶһȫѷɫȵޱɽʱͲһˡ
ؼǣҹ巺ЦɲѰСŻ򶼺պľʥˣ
˭С
֪ھսڣŻӪУֻӿֳʮλʥˡ
ҹ巡ЦЩ۳ʥĽɫعŻ󣬻âԲѰѰʥǰҲõͷԱأ
ۣǱ󣬻վȡޱɽ˭ܲɵ
ѰʱҲ΢΢һ
ɴûиˡ
ȴϸЦ磬չصһʱ䣬ҺͰ³ģڸЩһ䡣
ѰףЩЦãҲϸͰ³ǣ϶ǵԼŻ
ҪҽһжԲɣǳе𣿡
ںɫȳ
ǺǣжΣ
ЦЦ
أҲȲϸԼֵһ𲢼ս
ҹ
̬ȣһһǿɫ١
һϹɭȻڵ֪صСˣὫǻܱˣ͵Ǵǳѵһ٣ʡԺҲֲòֵ顣
ںһҲֻˡ
𣿡
ЦҹɫԱùŹ֡
ৣ
ڴʱһ󲨶һϮۣüɫֳС
üξѰ΢΢ͷ㽫Ŀ⿴ԶȣԱţ
棬ǰͽ̣
ˡ
ţһϮۣҶĦڭҲڳУĿһɨУЦûãĲ
ڱѰһ˲ɫȻڣԴҶĦڭͬͬ
գһ̱ѹ֡ţѻȸ
һڽһϹ۾ֱˣɫò
һЩһСĿ࣬ת˲䣬һһϵͳܳľʥˣҪѰս
˭ţ
һȺСΪҽһۣ
ںɫ࣬ŭޱȡ
û뵽ᷢ˲˼顣
Ѱ
ΪͿԼͷѹȱǿɾʹشˣ
һ̫ӴҲ֪ٵգȴû¹
һȺʥһ𣬾뷭죿
룡
գ۸ˣզأ˵ɣԼ֣֣
³¡
ȱżȵң
ৣһƥĽӰٿȻء
ּ֣ˡ֡
Ѱ˵ͷпû뵽Ҳ
ػ
¶һѩݣЦúˬʡ
֣֣´ʢ£һҪһʱ֪ͨң㿴ö˶
ƵУһϮµļƮȻɣݾ
һ˿ԹѰЦӣΣɱûκ˵ġ
͹˵ĲҲȱ˳ٵ
䣡
һѵأضӳֳһ˶ӰӲӣɢɲĿϢ
خһԬ졣
Ҳˣ
³졣
ԬΪβ
³ǡСҲˣ
ǡ
شģһŹ°Ϣ
ͼϿһͷٿȻһ֮ƣתâޱߡ
ٿȻ䣬ѻһģѰ꣬ΨһӽӲհʢ
С
Զһ˶Ѵסо۾ˣɫ֪˶ٴΡ
Ҫһʥ˶ѣڵãŻʢһȺʥˣԷ
˭ܲĲ𾪣
ںжǣЩʥˣΪѰһ˶ΪѰЩһķҺͽһ˺
峤ô죬Щְ
Ϲ紫
һЩǰΪѰľʥˣĸûվһµĹϴ
һʥеľ
ǽһĵ̣ǸҲã
ںҧᡣ
գһһȺСͷȥĻΪŻһЦɣ
һڣѰЩ𣬻ûˣ
ըס
С
شģһ絶ཻ
һԡе꣬˺ն
ǳ
ںɫѿ
һǿƿԣɫ粻
ʱǽһܹȶԴ
ɣµ⣬ҲںǴֲȻٷŭҲٲ
Ҳǲòɵ
ɣǶΪһжʱֲһ󲨶
Ĳ̫
á
оֻصս˰ʱǲսεʹ죡
̸УһһŮֳУеӰΰиɽ֮ƣŮݾޣӰ޳ϼӡ
ǵ껺裡
һʱ䣬ں춼ɵ۵ĸо
һǿߣҲĬˣ顣
⣬Ѱλսһˡƣ
ٿԶѰϸ򡢰³Ц졢ҹ巡桢ҶĦڭ
һھʥ˲ÿһԿƾ֮ӣɿǡҫһȺǳ
񣬽ԻѰһ֮ܣ
һĻŻʷᣬΪֵһμѻ
Ͼڴ֮ЩŹŻ۵;ҫ۵һȺˣҪ£ô룬עѺѣ
Ѱ˿ҲѪӿ
ѰһսĳˣͬģҲӵһȺεյѣ
ǷٴѡԼս
ϸ򡢰³ˣ˿Ҳľȣ㱼ھսһԡѪսĹ
ʱЦ̸Ѫɱúòʹ죡
ֻڣǵĶֻ˽һѡ
ǰѹ֡
һڽһǿߵɫˮѿ֮һĻǶеޱȼ֣ﻢ£ά֮С
ˡ
أں쳤̾ɮ濴棬ЩСԲͬĴҽһ䲻壬ΪŻͬҲ̫
һǿ߽Զһ㶣峤Ǹıˣ
Ѱ˽俴ţ˭ţںϹ׵ͷˡ
Ȼһ̾ͼں˵˼޹ڣҿԸһȱĻᣬǰǣҪҽһǿ߶ԾӮұȫ㣬ȱϽߡ
˶٣зһĨɭȻɱֱѰһǺǣ˵ȱСֻ¾Ҫˣ



1674 Ԩ
䣬ϸ򡢰³Ƕüͷһ塣
޳ܵ϶
ʶƲԣıֶΣֻѰһ˶ȥ˲ʵ򣬷СĴۻɱѰ
һǿԣ۾һ
ѰɴӦ
ںʵ
Ѱڣ³̲סƿڴ϶㻹ǽһ峤޳ܣ
ϸܸɴʵ磬ֻҪһ仰ֵܺһɱһϻˣ
껡ҹǽԵͷ
ߣɱδ̫Ȼ׼۾Ҳõȵĺ
ںɫǿڶȱϣΪں˲
ϸҪ˵ʲôͱѰסĿ䣬ں죬սӮȱǰ
ںԥסһսۣ
ϸüͷëòҪıɱˡ
ȴѰɫȴԵúƽֻ˵ô죿
ں̲סЦСδ̫Сں죬֮£ڳλԿ֤ǣ
ѰҪӦ
üһ׿ѾãԾǿɲں棬Ϊ˽ɱˣܻʥĺݽɫ
û£
ѰЦЦ
ɶԷշأ
أԲġ
ѰɫνˣָòΪǰֻǾ˵İɣ
һԺиֳһ󵨵ͷٿѰĿѱòһˡ
һĵ
ҴӦʼɡ
Ѱ÷ϻڿնƾӰȻüž
˳ƾȳȱȻá
ԷڣҲν
ں첻˴û뵽ѰʹشӦ
ֹһǿҲЩ㵣С޿֣ǲ֪
ûЩԸľʥ˰ƾһˣƾԾˣ
ֱ룡
ں̲ס¶ЦֵảȥСӣסҪ顣
һӰ׳˶뷢ꪣͳӣ̤߳ӿâˡ
ԶԶһΡ֮ɽԸ߲ʣ޷ĸо
ںảʥǿߣһʥԪ֮һλߣŻҲΪ˰ʥһ򡱣
ڵʥеսƲϵһеĶ֮࣬ڴʥгƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
ǡ֮
ҹ巡ˣһü両һĨŭ⡣
ں죬δ̫޳˰ɣɳһλ˫ȾѪȵĴʥȥԸһʥˣҪ𣿡
ҶĦڭȡ
ںЦζսûй涨֮ߵͣȾѰӲǶ֣䣬Բлɡ
һλ峤ʥ֮ȵƿߣȴ˵޳֮ҶĦڭǶ۽硣
үû˺޳֮ͽ
ŭˣԼѾ޳ˣǺںһȣȫС׼ס
ǽһЩǿߣһڣҲû뵽峤ڵһԾУɳںảȿֲڡ
⡭
ҪԾ̬ڵһʱ佫Ѱɱˣ
ȻְŵȷԵЩʣֻҪܻɱѰҲǻ¡
ϣ˶ԴѰɺƽֻĸ֣
һս
һ仰Ǭѹǳ
ϸ򡢰³Ƕֹ֪ѰѾжЩǡ
ѰĴʥȷʸ񱻾ʥС
ںảɲѰʥṳ̂Ͼ۵;ھϣѾѹѰһͷ
Ҳעһսδʼעܲƽ
˶ȥȰ裬ΪѰϡ
ȫ㣡
ںả̤նն±ѣӰްθߵɽΰߴˡ
һϵġ󡱣
ڴʥһƣʥڴˣֻоһСϰ֮У˵ȥս־ᱻҡ
¡
ʮƱذ
ںảųʢĽɫ棬Ϣֱ嶷ţǵذ㣬в˺һϡ
Ĵʥ֮֮ĻɽǰԵޱС
ֻǣһж޷Ӱ쵽Ѱ
Ѳ֮Уۼԡ󡱵˽⣬֮һЩ̤ʥǿûҪ
֮ṳ̂۴ʥ޷ǲһˡ
ѹ֣ᣬɱķΧضɫ䡣
УеĿȫŹȥ
һƽĶԾͬҲһǧźɱ
һǾսһˣھ۳ʥľһǱΪ˰ʥһ򡱵ںả
Żⶼһ׵Ķս
Ѱԣ䣬۽Ŀֲת

ûκηϻںảԥˡ
һ֣һȼյĴգ״ԶɱƱңзٻǬ֮ơ
ǿ
ǽһһܿڴʥУںảҲһλ֮¡
ں̲ס¶һĨͣˣںảδСͱԸǰ㣬ҪͥɨѨ֮ƣֶ֮ΣһٽѰɱ
ٽһǿҲ¶֮ɫ
ڹŻУʥɱɼ亱Ϊͬ壬ҲûмںảֶΣʶһʱͱ𺳵ˡ
¡
һѰȻֳһڴԨɵأʮ
նȻըǣûѰ֮أ绯һڶ
ںảһհҫ۵һĺײҲȻը꣬ѰĴԨɵ丵βʣ
޾ɾ
֮ͨݺ죬ϵһԴԨΪݻĿžѧ
ڴ˿̣ڴʱǰֲޱߵܣ
⡭
붯ݣ겻ѰԤǿֱ̫࣬ˣ
ںɫ΢䣬ʥľ֮죿
֪ںảûκαõǴʥɾֽ㣬ˣ
ЩһǿߣӲ˵Ѱս죬һǲŷ֣һȴŻҪǿֱ
ɱ
ںảɫҲ΢΢һ䣬þɱԥһư
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ǧִڿնأɽӶ˲ҽ
նǧٿס
һߴСǧշٿգ
ҲڴʱѰӰˣһ̫ԨƣضŤݣֲı
һɰԾƣֱ֮С
գۼ䣬ǧִգһѰǰ·ըÿһִ̺ɱκһλʥѰǰȴһĭ
Եǰ㲻ʹ
һʱ䣬ؼձ飬ϣʢĻŰһ׵Ļ档
Ѱǡƻеһڶһ·ǰУûһ



1675 һָĨɱ
¡
ҲǹʢڵĻԱڶյѰû
оϡ
˶ɫ䣬Ǻεȿֲĵδ̫Ե
Цƴ˵ȹ°Լű
ϣںảɫһ䣬Ц͵سɱȥȫɱ
ڣҪƵģӲӵ滯ȭӡѹȥ
ƾιƣԱѰԨ丵βʣûԶԶȥѰ֮Ӱ޵׶Ƶġ
Ⱦ׵ľϸ򡢰³ǶĿࡣ
ǰʱҲѰʩչǻһں¯򷨣ѹŽ֮ơ
ڵѰ԰Ծ̬ƾǧͨȫ㲻ѹӶᡢɵ³
һڴԨգﲻ̣
ںɫ粻λ֪ǺεȴУΪοԵ
һĸ߲ԳĬͬҲĲѣս
ӹɣ˵ȴм˿ֲ
ںảһʥĺݽɫһɱʥǿߡ
ڣһйԱˣδ̫˼飬˭ܲ
͵ء
ںảһȣôҵҪܳŵʲôʱ򣡡
ɫᣬת棬һŽھѧ
֮
һ˲޾ԾǣѤóʢȼգƬ񷸲ǣÿһƻ涼зɽ֮
УȺ޲Ȼʥȫܣڴ˿̾ɡ
¡
ѰչһƬ񷶼Ȼݣڶɣ꣬Ҳ֮¡¡ϯһա
ٿѰ˺ΨϢȸղֲˣԱ˵ԶŻޣɢûŰİԵϢ
㡭
ںảͫţ㲻ţ⻹һʥǿܹӵе
ڣѵһڶɣ
޵ߣǿӶ˹ֻ˲ͱɱˡ
Ѱ
Ȼ
һֹ̣ںảЩһǿȫס⡣

Ѱδ䶢ںả
ڣ֮ǰɵһйԻһַڵڴ޾ɾܻĴԨӿš
Ǹо˵
ƴԨ޾ɽһգ
֮ͨĵ
ɵأΪãҷ޾
ƾ˵ȵУõ֮ͨƾ죬֪ܲٵĵ۾
Ѱֻžһܽںảλʥ˲˺̵

ںảŭҲסˣһХٿȻѣʩչѹ׵ֶΡ
¡
һͷǧɳľ޴Ӱ࣬ںảƣҲǱ֮ǰǿһء
ٶȳޱ
ֻǣעͽ͡
Ƭ̣ɫǱޱȣҲ֮Ϊƾжǿжأ޷Ѱ˿
ѰתԨ乥ȫ̵
ǵȰԵƥ̬һƬţ֪жĿɿڴ
⡭

ⲻܣ
ںả˻ĿѣԽܣӲ˴ܣĺ
֪ʲôоۣ
Ѱڿʼ̤ǰУϢֲԨضΪ֮ڡ
ںảɫǾʥҲֶΣ
֪ʲôھ۵޵з
ѰÿһϢڽڽٶȻʵһо񣬽˷ںả
ھ۵޵з
ںảһ㶡
ǴʥվӴ֪֮޵зİˡ
ʲôУԼ޴֪
Ѱźεļڽ
һЩû˵ǣһЩܣĻֻںảĴ
ˣʣҲںả裬һСѵһ鲻ס

ںảͷ˻ƴɱѰ
ܻѰܵһϢѹƣ޴ӣ޴ɱ֮С
ǵѹ£Ψһģȥ߽Ѱǲơ
Σ
ڴʱѰˡ
һָ
䣡
ɲ֪ĴԨ֮ڴ˿ȫһָ֮УȻ
Ѹ޷һָĿ£ͼָ֮ѡձ飬һжֳһִļ
ɱںảһָ壡
ͷ­֫ɡ֮ըѪ͹Ǻȫǵȿֲָ֮
ԶԶһ˵ĸоǣѰһָ㽫ںảһλֲĴʥĨ
𣬻ɢ
¡¡
ָһָѹվǧɣǾǧգľ
ȫš
ϸ򡢰³޲ɴ۾һӵе𺳣ͷƤһ顣
ֱԵ˺ŵĵز
ںһڽһǿߣڴ˿̻һ£Ȼʧг
ܣ

ǿ󣿡
ںảһʥԪϣһλ˰ʥһ򡱣еĵλҲǼߡ
ڶսǰǻΪ峤˰ţδԴС֮ӣΪǶԸһʥֵͼںảȴ
˭룬һָ֮䣬ںảͱĨɱˣ
ȻѪһĻЩһǿܽܵˣ
лȻϣпѰĿⶼˡ
һһ󾳣һָһλʥ
ĹŻУ˾׵顣
ں죬һĳӮˡ
ϣѰȻ
ͬʱղŵսҲʶ޾ɾİ壬սʱǺεֲ֮
ߣ
ںߣɫ࣬оǿ̹Ǻ⣬ѰʤҲһֲ
ǵںảɱʱֱһƹͷϣں춼ǡ
ʱ͵С飬ɱ̫磬ս
ٷϻǡ
Ѱڱɫ
ȥԪϽ
ںȡ
һһ궯
ԪںһλʥԲزڣǧһֱڱչأǱĳʥ
ڽһʮλʥԪУںǿһ峤ںսں
Ѱչֳս̫죬ںҲȥںΪڳʥĹؼʱ
硣
أзһһ·ˣһ۵ӣֳС
֣һɿֲεƣҲ֮ɢŷơ
ˣں
ϣС֮򡯵Ϣʥż㻹ûнսѿǵʥе۷壡
¶ݡ
ϸ򡢰³ҲȻ¶֮ɫ
ʥҲоΡ
֮ǰںảڴʥоĺܽɫ
ǺںȣںảͲʲôˡ
ΪںǴʥԲز۷ֻһţ̤ʥ
ں쾹ɳһλֲɫսǱѰ֮ǰֳս̼ˡ


1676 
ںһ֣һʿΪ֮һ
ϸ¶ɫ
һǾʥԲһǴʥԲģɲֹһ󾳽ǰ򵥣
£ȻѰС֮ۡվΪϣһ־С
˭ܲģ
ŵܣӸղɱả
ںɿ촫֮ǰս֮ں
գںȻ˵ɱ⣬ϾĮȻһó
䣡
δ£ѱ̤߿֮ϣֳһִԲ֮С
һɫƣһϡʥΡɽơ
ϣ
漴һսìУìңָԶѰޱǿ֮𣬶ԸֽɫҲע顣
ϣɱ
ϸǶɫ䣬һλԲ۷徳ĴʥЩʥеһϢĿֲѹϢ
һ㣬֤ںںảǿ˲ֹһ
Ѱ΢С
һ˲ʹͬҲܵһѹȣʶںĿ¡
ৣ
ûκγɣҲƺٷϻںˣԵޱֱӡǿơ
Ӱһƾʧһ̣һڵսìƾճѰǰɱ
򵥵һìȴУ޿ƥУ
¡
նըѰȭȭԨ󣬺սìӲ
һѰ嶼ĵ˳ȥ
ৣ
ûκγɣںɱ񣬳ٴɱȥìӰǵء
ÿһìӰ̺ɲĴʥ֮Ī⣬
飡
ܿ죬ѰֱˣѪڡ
Ȼܲ򵥡
ںзһĨɫ
һ㲻ǿƣսìѰκһ˿ϢĻᡣ
¡
ʱѰѽһеתز¯սʥ֮ŭ㼫©ȵȰȫС
Ϊ֮Դ
ű䡢̫űԪһնȴУͬҲ¯
Ϊ֮Դ
һһݵǰزԴ¯ͷţѰƿصǿֶΡ
ںȿֲĶ֣ѰҲκα
һʱ䣬֮һƬϯ裡
䣬ѽٴΣֱɱذ޹⣬ǿɲನϯϡ
ֻǣѰһֱƣϱˣѹ
ףʥƿصʵ̫ǿȻѰھʥѿ޵С
ںȴʥ۷ԲΪϳ̫Ŀ
ɱ
ں𲽲ƣ赲
ǵǿƵ̬ýһǿ޲Ŀѣܼѡ
һЩϱﶼоޣпѡ
ŵܣСͱ޵ӣ츳ݣǾѣΪѵõǣҲǳȶ޵£ˣܹڵ;ϣԶЩֳġ
ںɫɣпС鼬֣ҶԸȥžŵޣϾֻһţ̤ʥˡ
Уǽ
ǿ߽Եͷ͡
ں𣬵ȷǽһϹе̺սǴʥе۷
Щ
ͬʱϸ򡢰³Ƕǡ
̫ˣ
ʥܹ羳ɱѰĴʥڣѿƾס
ղѰɱںảԵú졣
ΣĶڴʥжԲ۷Ҫ羳罫ɱһܵ顣
ʵϣѰսʱҲʵ
սʥ޵УԿһ󾳽ɱںảȴʥ
Ҫ羳ɱں
ȴǲܣ
ɱ
ںսìɨٶɱʼգһֱ׷Ѱ׷ʹ򣬲ȣҲ⡣
ɫᣬʵҲЩš
һʥѰʱͲ÷УѰȴ֧ŵڣͳԾ
ʱˣɱأ
һС룬ƱػΪһĸ󻼡
¡
ںսì硢缲һأһּģĵ֮Ϣ֡
Ѱѹ
Ƭ̣ӱɣ
Զսһƶϣĵ
˶ͷ
˭Ѱ̶ֻԶ
飡
һαˣѰзһĨ񷣬зһ

֣ȴһĵ֮ϡ
ԭɱںƲʲôŲ͵һ٣ٿȻˣԶԶܿ
ҲĿ⿴񷣬¶֮ɫ
ͬʱڳҲһ¶Լͬؿ񷡣
󡪡
տɫ񷣬Ȼڰī֭ĽƣԲ˼ٶȻ۶
磬ҹ
Ǧأʵ©״תžȴһ߰Ϣ
ڳУΪߵͣ޲ëȻɫ䣬ľһ궯ҵס
ңԽΪԶܾԽֲ
ˣ㿪
ں
ѣڳ˶׷ױܿƬ
ϸ򡢰³ҲɫɲԶԶܿϢǶâڱ㤲
¡
쳹һף¡¡ɱ
ǿֻ˵һǰֱðǣǽ֮òʧء
ںϹҲ޲ٴУɫȻǺεȽϢΪλ죿
֮ڻۣ
ƣɫ𺳣૵
ߵһ֮·֮ǰƽϵٵɱ塢ϾΪʥ
·ڹŻ̫ʱڣ֮ѶϾһֱŻУҲֻһ̤ĵ;
ӭģȻǴʥ֮٣ȻԶѰɱȣǾ۵;ϵʥˣҲȿźĴ٣
ֻǣͻȻҪڴ˿̶ɽ٣ѵһܵţ׶ɽʧܣһҷ³
üѰˡ
Ҳɲ
䣡
ϣˣɫƲһִף
ǣЩʱľݡޣ֮״ʱǹꪡӡ񶦡
󣬾ֳһðӰ񻰴˵е飬ڽѲ߮ߡ
һĻĻ׵ľ󣬿ڳ˶
٣˵ʶˣû˵伮ʷжûƵļأ
ں𲻵òѰĴ㣬ԶԶܿɫ𲻶оɣ⡣
Ҳû뵽Ѱʱɴʥ٣Ľ˲˼顣
ӣѵ׽֮ɱԼ
ں뵽⣬Ц׽ɱ˵İϷԹ֮ɾǿߵ͹׽ٵĿ£շԼˡ
ѰںԲнͣиţöԷױһ׽ٺɱ
Զ߿ϣѰƾɫϲžƶһлȻ
ⳡƾ٣֮Уһ֮һ


1677 ̴ٶ֮
׽ɲˣټ񷣬ѺڰһƬ׹ҹ
ѹĵĽϢò޵ߵľҪ
пܣںнǿߣȻͲһ٣һٽѰˣ
ҲڴʱѰȻˡ
йעһĻ˶һ㶣ٻδ٣ѰȴȶҪʲô
ৣ
ͼѰ͵һչ壬죬ڷƮǾεӰУֳһڴԨ
ϣ
һ˲˶סˣҪɵһ٣
ں춼ô꣬ǵһμ˵Ƿˣ
ǿһżжعľ٣˸񣬿ֲȴʥﶼȻ
Ѱⳡ׽Ϊ̶֮
⡭
껡衢ҲĿɿڴѰδҲ̫ײ˰ɣ
ֱͺͲҪҲûʲô
ڽЩǿߣԺ븡ֳһ뷨һ²Ƿ˰ɣ
¡
ϣƼױڣɢ߰Ϣ类ŭһ㡣
ڴʱѰУһƴ󡢿׽٣Ҳˣ
ͷڡ󡱵糱ˮӿ֡
ʥдԣд
˴󣬿ɺɰٴ
ʥıһС⣬Ϊ
ıʤ죬죬졣
ǵ۹سǱС𣬲䡮ˣ
󣡡
󣡡
󣡡
·ڶƣ۹سһĻĻǰۻ㸡֡
ڴʱѰУǸ񷣬ƴһ׽٣ԵǰС
׽ٱС

Ѱ֮Уڶɽһ̣ľԼһĵУ֮ڲɱ䡣
֮䡰ˣ
䡫
Ԩȥһ˲Ҳ
󡪡
һ٣ûü٣ͱѰĴԨȫû
գ̴٣
ĿһĻǿߣ۾ֱˣıˣ
¡¡
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ҪɱѰˡ
Ѱ˷͵̤ն𣬷һȣӰһ˲ߴƵģ¸
ͼһû׵ĴԨ˲Ѱڡ
˵ĸоͷ·ǣѰſ̵һھ۴ʥľ١
ģ
Ļ棬ȥĻֻ»ùŻ޵߶Ͼʵڹںš
߿УѰ巢⣬ʢƥÿһë׶Ѥõĵ⣬һ󼤵ڴķ
ɣһ׽ٵĿֲڳײûб
ϸ򡢰³ǵĶ
һûԼڣȷ˼飬Ҳû˵
ɶһѰвȽըǾԲлĻᣡ
ԶںĿ˸ɱ¶֣һѵʱ
ֻǣջǷ
ܼ򵥣ѰһһٵͻȻɢһǺ֮أҲں޷ܵġ
С飬ֲסͷɣ̴ٶ֮Ҷû֮ˣ
ںЦȣѰиš
սһΣҽһǰҲⱻ׺䣬ú
Ц
Ѱ˵вٺ֪ˣǻչЩŮˣ
Դ
һʱ䣬쳹ĿĶһ£ҪѰľɢ侭ڶɽ֮У
ЩëСëֱûһǺö
ϸƿڴ
껡Ҳ¶⣬ֶΣʵ̫޳ˣ
䣡
أ߿еѰϣӳһĿĽףܻһĸӣԲ˼ٶȽ١
һһǿ߶ֱӱɱ嶼ñ飬ɢ
ˣǸղ˵Ǽһ
ͻһĻ˶һ
ٿϣѰƮҷǣȴߴ֮С
ΡΡȻ֮ͨɽƺƺ֮
Ժ͸ղȫһˣϢƣϣһִΪϣΪϡ
⣬ڴʥϢ
ңǾ۴ʥĶϣһһΣٲǾʥɱȣ
ɽٳɹˣ
ںӲܣ
ǵȾ춯صһٰ㱻һ̵ˣ
Ув֪˱塣
ɱ
ںķӦ죬һʱͶ֡
һǿ߸նɽٳɹҲʱѰָעٱ
ֳսìŲգǿֶƥ
Ѱ¶һĨڽ
һӡ
¡
ԭɵ׽ˮ̰㣬Ȼӳľɽ֮״âܣҫĿ
ںɫ䣬һû׽ǽ׽ƿأ˴ʱ
һĺУѶں𣬱һûҲƤ⽹ð̡
ʥڣϲ
³Ц

ںŭˣսìûɫ˿ߣÿһ˿߽ʣȴɢֲƥķٻϢ
ղֻΪĥʯ֣ڣ·
Ѱ˷һ̤Ԩӿ֣ܻ׽٣ǵذɢȥ
һ˲׹·ֻصٽٵʱ
ֻڵĽȫѰһ˲ٿأҲԵÿɲ֮
䣡䣡䣡
׽ٺɱ£ܿں֧Ųס嶼ѣѪܵģ׹֡
ŭ˻𣬷
նͽ͡
ȻǴʥԲ۷ܿסȾٵ
֪δٱΪѰ׼ԶѰɱȣǣ۵;·ҲǳĿֲ
˵ں𣬾ǻһ۴ʥڴˣҲעѿס֮
գвں𣬺ԥҪߡ
һս̫
ĶѲѰһ٣Ŀܴù

ɾߵĵһʱ䣬ѰŲնһڴԨ֮ĻںС

ںŭļ쳹ɰһ˾ͱ׽촷ۣڴԨڣ
һλ̤ʥϹһڽһųĴʥսһˡ
ɱ

һʱ䣬ţԾ
ںֽŷдţǡ
ǿҲ޲Ȼεѣ˭Ҳû뵽ں֣Ҳֻһҷ³
ײУ̫ײˡһɣʹˣĿؽһ٣Ūڹ֮䣿
ϸࡣ
˽ΪȻѰھսвս˶һɴӲ׼̣֮
ǰںõһ֤
ֻǣһ뵽Ѱֲ˼ķʽɱУǶ۽磬ĿѣԴ֮С
ˣںả֮ں֮
Ѱ鹭顰ȱֻһս


1678 ֮
ţѹ֡
ÿһǿߵϽԲŭ𺧡һ㡣
һսΪ˰һʥ򡱵ںảˣһָĨɱ
ڶսһǿ۷ʥںҲˣһص׽ɱС
һһγصĴڵĶڵѪŭӡ

һʥΪɳʥɱ֮Ҳ練ƣ˭ϾƵ⣡
ʱѰƾӰתֻڴʥĶزƴ
ھݷһ٣
κ޵Ϊ֮ɵ
ΪĶսܲƽ룬շѰսʤǱӦˬ
꣬ԴдŶԽһļ
ںɵЩʥ޳ֶܵսʽ
ɵͷǱѰɱϹ
֪ʥɲǴײˣںảںɫڹŻУžصǿ
ȫѰУԽһԣ͵ʴףأ
ԣ衢桢ҶĦڭǶЦ
ϼһõˡ
ʱѰǵȻ˳еļžҲںɫһò
ʥԲں𶼲֣ѵҪʥϹŶУ
ã϶òʥְɣ
أϸɫ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳɫ΢䣬µֿܡ
ˣ鷳ʹˣ
νʥ
ơ֮򡱣硱Ϊʥ֮ʥ֮ϣ
ʥǿߣʥǰҲģ̫֮
˭ںҲζڴʥУѲѰĶ֡
Ҫڵսлʤһֻһ·ѡ
ʥ
ˣѰȻ̤۴ʥȻݷһ׽٣Ҳȥһλƿء֮򡱵ʥԿ
֪ĳʶ
Ȼһ̾ͼں͵һҧһһٵˣȥ棡
䣬оѴһ̾Ѿˣֻǣվһûܾº𡭡
һ뷢ѩӰݣߣȻƾո֡
һϮۣ̬ӣɸһ֣ȴһ׼ơ
ǡִǬµľ
棡
ںڵнǿߣ޲ͷɫ˳
ӣȵĶ֮һһλ˲֪µʥ
׼۽פǰս£ʥȴڣѿǹŻеǿߡ
һϵͳӵһλǿ򣬸Ͳ屻κв
ϸ򡢰³һվǲɱķˡ
һλʥԸκʥڣ
ϣѰĿ䡣
ԤϵˣҲţڵ۹سʱ׼۾
ʥ͸żˡ
֣ѰҲеޱȼ֣ѹ
ŸճΪ۴ʥ粻ȹ̣Դ˾ƿҲûڻͨ
Ψһܹƾģڵһ׽١
ɶʥԣֻԾ۴ʥĽע𲻵̫塣
ⳡ־磬ýˡ
һ̾ӰٿȻѳָ߿֮ϣʥо
ȻޱȣһεҲٿȻ
˶ֻһָо
£
һЩʵСĽǿߣйĤݣ׳Ƴĳ嶯
ʥƣ
˵У徳ʿУʥҲʹ˵еġҲû
ϸ򡢰³Ƕԣӵֲ֮ͬ嶼ëȻ
оϵľѹȣ
ʱѰԥڵһʱ
һڴԨ֣Ȼӿֳǵذ׽٣ʶǡƾ䴹䡣
¡¡
׽ټϢˡ
ɫݼţǶҲȴһƬɫٿȻɢ
˵ĸоƬУһɽɫܻɵС磬̲ߵĿռС
֮
ʥƿصĴֶΣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬޾׽ٱǽɫܻĵ֮ڣһա
ɫĮӰʼ˿ȴߵף޷˾
ѰȻһʶʥƿصѳܹķ룬Լܹ
ã
ںȽһǿܣ֮
ϸ򡢰³ĺ̫ǿˣ֮Ҳڿֲ
ˣֶ𣿡
ӵȻһ˿м
ɾͬһʱ䣬ѰȻȻһЦƼ両ֳ鹭һſŰ׹ɵĹһɺѪݹĹٿȻ䱴
ˣ
׼ֲϢӹɢӳֳձ飬Ѫħȵȿֲ
գڴʱݳ٣
ڰƵı֪ʱѴ鹭ϣɢ˵
鹭

һɲƤ͵һ޷ֵɫ䡣
Ϊһˣɿܲϵ鹭
˹ˣħڴ۵ͷ˹񶼻ѹڡ
ϹŴಿġŴ֮һУɱ֪ٵĽǿߣ

ŭ
䣡
һض
һɵ֮ϢɢܻΪһĽɫ磬ԶѰǶȥ
УѰעƾ׸
Ϊڵ֮Уʥߵףɱᡣ

ͬʱѰһ
һȴܹᴩţƿһƥķâ֮䶼쳹˺ѶĤļХ
̫Եһգ۶ѣ㽫ǽɫ˺ѿһӣ赲
䣡
⧲һᴩѪˮɽը嶼ĵˡ
мž˶ɵˡ
Ÿտʼ棬Ϊʥӣһˣ
ⲻ
֮ϣɫ࣬ʶʲô
Ѱɫԥٶ乭

ĪХ֮ʢػң쳹ħ˻ķ׼֮
ӷȣ֮ӿ֣ɽ˲ֽ㱻
ɫ䣬ǰֳһɬס
飡
һ̣һʯƶɵļУݺ俪ѳƬŽ
͵ؿѪף䵲סһȴǱˡ
ԭϣ
Ŀѣ
һھ۳Ϊʥˣӵ鹭ͱҲϲ˵Լ
ڰа
ӣһ˲뵽һˣǸѹڷɣ֮µϣ
У궯
ϸ򡢰³껡ǶҲѲ²⣬ѰȻȣ϶б
ֻǣһĻʱɲһ̾
ԾʥӶѳ֣εȿ£ɸһ棬ش죬Ե̫˼顣
ӵĻںһڽǿҲʶʲôԲɫ䡣

Ǹѵˣ



1679 ɱʥ
ȡ
ɣ֮µĺڰУһ˻Ц͸˵ĳͿܡ
ӵڻˣܵӽȫҪ

ڰ͵һ֣ݺݳϡ
ֻǣӰ粻ƵģأԿЦþòϡ


⣬һڽǿߴʧɫʱѰ޳ɣ鹭һ
粼㱻˺ѣ֮ȫһ֮УӺɱ
һѪٶȱˣʹС
ԸܣҲûеֵֻʥ޷ܡ
鹭޷ѣµǣȫֵס
Ӿŭӣ˻ȥһǷ䣡
˴Ҵҷȡ

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Զϸ򡢰³Ƕһɫ죬ԭǴġ
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Ҳȥ
ϸ򡢰³Ҳչж
ں˺ٳŵʱ˭һһжڴʱȫչ



1680 

ȡ
һϿȣʵ߾һС硣
ľΪӲӵɫ˸ɽӽȼɼ۽Ӵ籡
һɫĹϽ۴αȣУһͷͷĴž޴ĳؼ衣
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֮´ˮͰĽףزѤóʢָܻĹ̬
װһĻ˶ڣɴ۾翴һĩպƽٽ١

˶֡еȻ
ȣǽһĵ̣˿µ飿
Ż˭ָǰð
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ضֳһִ𡢴󶯵ľ
һ̣˵ЩѰĽǿߣ̤ʥϹҲ޲ð
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ѰȴţǷ¶һĨڽЦΪĳֻΪ˾λǰ
˶٣ɫʱĳҲֱ˵գȽӹŻ

һȣڷӿڣֲʥѹɽХѹѰȥ
ɳϣѰƾӰ˿
ǿֲѹһдʥƣһѰӰ١
һԲɫ䡣
ڴʱϵһͨŹһ񽣣ѰС
˽ڹ뵣ɭȻͨĴţ˲
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ǽ
ͬʱѰϢҲ֮һ䣬Ӱãһƻɬĵ⣬һεƣⷽһֲִķΧС
ڷӡʥɫ΢䡣
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Ŀһ̤ϴʥǿܹӵеģ
˿̵Ѱֳһֹ¡ʤѩϣü䣬и֮⣡
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ص˵ֳ棬ֵԳ桭
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ָо
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һ仯Զܱظܵ
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˵ʱʱ죬ѰϢĹ仯ڷӺӶһۣԥ
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һɫ湹ɵĵ֣εأڷӵ׵
ˣ
һƬɫƵҶӸֿУٿȻҶϵݺһ޴ĵ
Ҷ
ӵֶͨΡ
֮ڣе֣ؼ俪С磬ʥеףɱᣡ


1681 ۵ּ
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ʵ򣬵е飬Խɼȡᣡ
һ£ʥǱҪʱ򣬸ᶯȴɱΪŻܹвǵĶʵ̫̫١
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ǵ龰ͬΪʥǿ߶Ϊ֮
ɴҲԿѰϢı仯λһʥǺεȼɵ
Ѱܣɫһ˿µƽ޶á
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䣡
ִĺɫֱޱȣһҹǺӣããһƬǳ䡣
ڴ˹Уɢ֣ǵ׳ĳʱ˾
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ڷӺӽһâڱӦһ֮赲Ӳ
ԥ߽ܡ
飡飡
׵ͻҶֲֿһ顣
һ£ǳ׹䣬㣬ֳһ־ѹ̬
¡һڷӡԭ֮أնΪ룬ѳһִԨ

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ÿֲһ
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ڷӡӽԳ𺣬ɫ䣬ɱǵأǶʶѰĹ죬С
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ϯ
ն׶ǧٿףһۺبâƥʮ˱ҽС


һӰޱߣ͸Щ˵ʺüġԿǡࡢһɺѪ
еĽնʱֱӽЩ嶼Ĩ𣬱
龰Ķڣ£ڿ£

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ɱ
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ֳֻ֪һѣû֣

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һʱ䣬ն鲻֪ٽɫ棬ɣҡΣƿҪ֧Ųס
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ڷӵ˳׻ˣɫ࣬ŭӡ
죬淨ּ˷ɣǽһͳˣ
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ںɣ淨ּͷöãһ÷ɣĴ룬ֻµʱ򻹻ϴ
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ںһҧϡ
ɫ϶ׯ࣬һžɵľó˫֣һɬӵ䡣
ţڷӡӵȽǿҲɫׯޱȡ

ܷľ쿪ʱһֲϢõʥϢհըƬһƬͨ
ӡһ۵֣Ӳӷ⣬ͿϢֲ̫ˡ
ڷӵ˶£궼ڣּеѹߣ񶼿Ҫɢ
Ե۵־׫дһƪּҲԣһƾõĴ壬Ȼûе۾ҲӴʱһƪּ̡
ڹѰ¶һ˿⣬ָƽ
ҲˣϾظԶƺлȤ
ںһ߳ӵһŷּ̿գᣬŹһߵĵ۾Ϣ֮
ͬʱɣɫ棬ȫһŷּȡա
֮ƪּɢϢֲˣⷽضһְУһλ߸׳Ƴ
ڷӼˣĿȻԶѰɫɭȻɱܲһһٵ
С飬˭ڰ㣬Σͳͳ



1682 صǿ
ȣҶѪ
ϸ򡢰³껡ЩʥԸЩѰĽǿ߼ֱ翳вˣһ·谭
ѷɱУӰһƵģѹα
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ͻȻزڣһɿµϢӷɣڵ򱬷ƬصĹŤ
ţǺε۽٣ƻعϢ
һǼ۵𣿡
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ɱ
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䣡
ּУӳһе۵ģһӲӷ⣬һɫ쵶Ѱɱ¡
Ѱüͷһ壬͵аǽһ£򵥴ֱ

ǽͽɫ쵶棬ɽҰѰֱ۷飬͵ҡε˳
ߣһ־ˣҵҪάֶá
Ѱߡ
Ӷǽ˲ܣӭϣһǽնÿһնԼ򵥵¡
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־ССܿ⣬ɱ
ں
ͷּͨͼһе۵ĸֶɫսì񽣡ӡ
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ÿһ򵥵£Ҳֲ¡

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ټȣھҡΣ֪ٵĹϽ಻֪жٵɽľĩ
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Ѱɫˣϻӽٶ̫죬ǽ˲֪صĽӰͷųϢƵĵ
ڣһħڴ۵Ӱĵˣ尵˲١
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һ֣޾ʢĹ⣬һ̨𣬸ħڴۡ
ײضһ̻ңһУʲôҲˣҲ֪
˶ǰããֲϢ̼ð׹Ԩ
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Ѳħڴ۵ӰҲһ۷ּ
ŵķΧУѰӰУبŲ࣬ͣа֮ɡ
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𺧶Ȼʧૡ

ڷޱȵĴУ
ܣܰ
ϹҲ췢ܲסȴһңɥ
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ڣȴ׻ٵˣֱһ
ˡ
ȻѰŤͷɣײһ
䣬ͼѰһػɬٿȻԭ͵ϣҲ֮ɢ
һ̣Ѱڻָ˶ƿأֻҲһ㱡
֮ǰŮӡءǷֳһսսÿһϸڽԱѰܵ
ľڴʥУǰᵽ˵۾սʱİأ˼֮
Ҳעһѵޱȵı飬Ժ·
ԱŭŵڷӵˣԵһʱѰϢı仯һһɰӵʧˣ
ǽԶ¶ɲɭȻɱ
ּûˣͬģ̵ҲʹʧһǧѷĻᡣ
ֻǣǶ֣ҡ͵һĵȻըһӰ
ʱ°ڴʱؼգ
ЦУһɿֲ֮Ҳ֮ɢ
һӰԶЦһ統㲻׿


1683 ҷ
ʲô
ԭѰɱڷӵˣһɲ޲ɫ䡣
ˣ
˵һ£Ӷը
ǰѰǰŸߣ鹭ڷӵ˶бĸо
˫У
ɣ֦ҶֳһֻҰ֮ɫ֮ǰһּ⣬ѳҲԲпѹס鹭顣
ʱһӰƾЦɱֱ󳱿ӿǵء
ϸģһ信꣬뷢ȴֳһֻҰ֮ɫһкڶŵľ˵׹⡣
Сˣһã
ҷĿ⿴ѰʱȴһĨ˳
⣬ǶѰݵһϿɡ
˵Ѱɱȣȳһ̣Ͽˡ
ȥ
Ѱһף鹭ͱӳҷץС
ˣ
ҷʳָңס
з𼤶㱡ϲ֮ɫ૵ӡɱˣħ϶ϴɾӵŰɡܿ죬Ҿͻȥ㸴𣡡
˵Ȼ̧ͷĿһɨڷӵˣǹһĨĻȣԴɭȻ壺
˵֮ʱܵһпѣԻһһڣʱ򣡡
͵ң
䣡
һȴ˺飬ɽӵƣ֮ʵʣһХ
Լ䣬ɱ¾֮쳹˼䡣
ѰëȻ鹭Уǵȫһˣֲһ޷ĵز
㣡
ڷӴ
վһ֣˵һ֮£㿪ܡ
飡
һӰըѪɽ
ӣһλʥڣȴһɱѵ嶼ļһգ
ں˳׺ȻָǣڱƵĵһʱˡ
鹭ֲ̫
ѹʱǻΪϣб̢裬ɵ鹭ȫһˡ
ӵеƣԶһκһλϹ
ӣܣ
ҷһλ乭һ˲ѣʮÿһйᴩգ֮
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬һһǿ߱ըѪ
ƾǴʥϹҲãʥҲգߣӲһ³
ҷƾӰɢϢһ׹ɵ󹭣ӳĵ
Ѱ̫ǿˣ
һ飬Ѻ£֪ܵٵı̢ĥͼ尾ֱӵ
Ѱʱ鹭飬ָӵźεȾ
ʱӿʥڵŻо߰Ĵڣȴסҷһ

һһ׼ƵĹҿ쳹ҷƶˣ裬ϾſɭȻ
ӵͷģһҪ̤ƽ˵أһ壬ˣԵ˵
ЩëǺ͵ǰ㵨СǱ̢ʱأôˣ
ϧ׼۴ڣֻɱЩõëվʹ졭
лص
һ̵Ļҷ꣬Ѫ񣬽ܵķŭȫйڹ֮С
׷

Уϸ򡢰³ǲŸոջ񣬸ոѰʹ־һײżԶޱȣ
òȶһЩͿҷ鹭ɱķ׿񳡾
һʱ䣬Ƕһδס
ԹԣλУս̫ײ˰ɣ
³ֽС
˭϶ǰѹ飬ݴ˵һɼ˲𣬱ѹڴ£ƾһþְ취޷Ĩɱ̬òˡ
ϸ̾
һ鶼£ǰѹָкεȾ˵
鷢ʢ̰ضŻҷ鹭ΣĲľ
ţ
ҷƲĿ⣬Ȼаâܣŵôһ£æջĿ⡣
ǣһͷѻЩëһ֡
ҷЦӰһԶ׷ɱ
ɫ粻޴ү˵Խ۶Ǻѻɱȣ
˽Էۣۣ湻ģ
ҲûţչжȽɨ
յʱ䣬ټУѰٲŵĽǿߣֻصĲʬǽ塣
죬Ұæһ¡ڳˮˣʯжپѹζ٣
ؼ䣬˷ܵ
ѼɨһգҲ̤ƣ£ޱϴٲƸʱ
֪һǹ壬̫Ӵһֱܾȣ۵ĲƸֱӴ޷
ϸ򡢰³ʱԾ̫ˣʲô챦ҩӦоС
иһЩĹűǿʥԼһЩĿʯ͵ء
Ѱûв뵽һϷֱʢУǲȤиҪҪ
ɣ죬ǧҪǻþȻ漣漣
һɲԾ֦ҶӨӨĴУǧ֦죬㵸
Ȼ
ھսѪħһ¹ؾУѰߣһֱڴڡ
أ׷ѿմУд󣬾顣
ӵǻۺ꣬ԴѰʥŲ˼Ĳá
ܷ񽫴ߣ
Ѱʵ
ܵΪҪߣҽ֮񲻸
㻹ɴΪãѰһɫ
֪ƿش¯޾ɾִУҲȥһ̫űӴľ
ȴ綢һͷƵģ˺ܳԾˡ
ȻܣȴҪʱ䣬һǧ꣬ǧڣҿ϶̺ܽ͵ȫ
֮䡣
Ѱҿûʱǧꡣ
ˣһҧǾͿֻҪ䡮Դ֮ɡ
ɡ
շҷŲƶ˵ɣڻ磬֮Դѱħڴ۴ߣɾ޵ڶɣˡ
ʱأ֤ӵȽһϹֻ׶༪١
㲻ѰЩ⡣
ҷӣƶֻһֱһúƿذˣԲܻ
Ѱͷˡ
ҷ˵ΪϹĴľ֮һС˿֪ħڴΪǰǿչŵϣִҪߣ


1684 籾ԴĴ
ѰüΪΣ
ҷΪ˻籾Դ
һ仰ʱõֻһĵĴš
ҷƳ׷ѿմеһۣΪ˻籾ԴΪҪɣıԴ֮
ΪУ

ҷзһĨĿ⣬һҡҷеʲô
ҷջĿ⣬ѰСˣɣࡢľϹĴľԵڻ籾ԴȻڻ籾Դĵơ
УֻҪľġԪѼȫԻϢɫǻɳ̫һˮ籾Դ磡
ʱԽڣԵ۵Ų˼á
ȱ˵ڵ۾ϣ˭ƿһ籾Դ˭ӵ˲򡮻編򡯣ƿػĵ̣Զ۾ɱȡ
ѰЩ񲻽ɫ
ǵãھսѪħһعؾУڴһʱһȴҪ
ԼҪϢɫǻɳȵȡ
ʱΪһʨӴ󿪿ڣǲԼߡ
˷д㣡
ѰĿⶢţһڣɿȵ籾ԴҵȻҲ˵ҺѿմһգĿľΪѰٷɣᡢľĴľ
˵꣬ͱѰϵѾˣڣʵţ
Ŀ⿴ҷ꣬ȻɣѾħڴ۴ߣıԴ֮ûʲôˣ
ҷҡͷֻҪӵıԴ֮һ꣬ӶΪԪ
ѰˣٿһķɣʱĿѾȫһˡ
ǣ۵Уǵ߶Ϊ֮Ѱٵĵر
ǽһıŶԣı֮һȣԶҪ١
СԵȣΪ˴
˵ţҷڿն̽һץ
䣡
ͨķɣٿȻ֮ҡƺأٷ
ڻҷѹ£ɲСջһƴСϼɵľʻϼɷ
СˣɣľѱҽԺѰٵɫʱȽС
ҷ˵ţСķɣľ˫ֵݸѰ
ԱߴΣ͸ޱȵĿ
ѰɣСлˡ
ҷ¶һѩݣЦݲõСˣΪΪͣЩ鱾쾭塣
һԣԽǿƥ飬ҪԼС֮ͷ޲е裬鲻ס
ɻҷȴԵޱȻֹ䣬һ˿֮ϢԵúܲһ㡣
Ѱ룬ʵڷǡˣ
ҷͷײ׹⣬һ̸ǿչŵϣвһڡ
ħڴۣ
ǡ
ˣһᰡǰ㣬˵ѡ
ᰡ
ҷһЩţô˵Ѱٵ֤ɵ۵
Ѱ±㽫ŷᰡԪǰǿչŵһһ֮
ҷЦݲããС֪᰺һ䱾ǡԪӡ֮ǰʶһЩ飬ν֮᰼ȻС˵ңǿ϶ҲǶСΪΡ
ѰĿⶼһĨ׺ͣû֮ǰȻ˳ȴζ
һҲǣҷŶ𣬿ģ꣬ʵҲһʯϹˡ
﷢ĵϿѰˡݣԲǰ򵥵顣
ѰҲᵽóҷԴԼ̬Է˸ı䡣
ҷСˣҿҪŻָһʱ䣬ڴ֮ǰһ֮롣
Ѱ޷
ҷҪʥԽԽãΨмȡЩľܽĥԪ޸
Ѱ붼ûʹӦ
ȱľǸʥЩɱ֮ȡսƷ
ҷѰһۣûгɣû˼⣬ӦԼ󣬵ԼΪ
СˣһЩҪҵǰȱħڴݺѪԺгһգһǰǿչŵȥΪȱ˱𡣡
һСԣһǣܾһ
˵꣬ѰЦ֪ãӽԺħڴ۲ô
ҷһ˲ˡ
գȱ̤ƣܾеĽһǿߣȫûɣҲߡ
ȴԺħڴ֪ưոݣ
ѰɫҼȻѡ㣬иԣԺ󼴱һԿǡ
ҷ
ѰһʥѿƳߣУȴ̸϶
Ѱ˿չֳǺͷɣȴ궼ݣʶλСԶԼǰ򵥡
һСˣԺҡȱ㾡ȫС;֮ϣ
ѰЦͷĵǰȱΪȡΪȱԼĳ
Ǻܺ棬飬Ҳ֤Ϊۣ
˵˲˼£
룬ҷȱԣԪӵ顰ᰡ֤ɵ۵
£ѰҲɣֵĿã
ȱһư鹭ѰҲһЩòϵʥϤȱ
Ѱڴȱָսʱָúεǿ

硣
ûãϸ򡢰³һ˷ܵطӶ
ֻǣȴһƣΪֻϸ򡢰³߬ţһܵļơ
Ѱһʲô
³ٺЦѹ˲ٺñı̣Ծʱˡ
ģү𣿡ίشг
ϸЦ˵㲻ˣѲⰡ
ѰȻ
žһ£³һƴڴϣ죬ó
۴УյֲϸͰ³ѹƣˣһ¡
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ֶ֧
һ֧ͨѩףɢŰãã⣬䣬ԼĪĴָϸ׭˵ĵġ
⣡
һ֧ɢƵ⣬ͼһޣɼȴ׭šƬֵĵġ
֧ʣϢޱȣնҵ
ѰһһĨʡ
⡢Ƭ
ǺͱĪһλ̫ŴಿġŴڣޱȣɱҲǿޱȣ


1685 ʥ֮
ಿľֱ֧б䡢ȪĪ롢⡢Ƭꡢ޴ݡ⡢а
Ѱ߱Ѫսлá
Īڵһκɽǰʤʱлá
Щ֧鹭ϣѰɱ˲֪ǿС
ѰԼû뵽ڣٴλü⡢Ƭ֧
ң⻹һศɵ
СӣүսƷҪҲóһЩɣ
µ
Ѱ΢΢һЦ֧ңѹνһĻ᣿ϸ򣬰³ܽµı³ҷǸɡ
˵գתȥ
ϸͰ³һۣԺٺЦĿⲻؿ񣬺߾񼴽ܱеĻƻŮƵģ
ѰֱӾˣͷҲûء
ǰȥ껡衢Զ
˴ιһЩѴĺɲϧһҲҪԼս
Ѱܲж
λлˣǾȣһΣ
ѰЦſڡ
͵仰ء
գ
˶Цҡ
ûãУһϯĻ
ｻЦ̸̣£ѾԻڡ
뾡Īʹ׿ն¡
һѰˡ
һҲ۴硱Ϊ˽ֵ
ԺУΪȣһʤżŲ֪޵ǰհ糯ʥ

һΪ棡
ϢŻʱ䶯Ȼ󲨡
˭뵽ŰľսһѰѣһˣٴγΪעĽ㡣
·ڣ𺳡
죡𣿡
˵һ޵ߣǹŻһҲסˣ嵽
һǿһӴµĹȺܾȣһһȻ
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˭ţ
ⲻܣϢ˵ѳΪ۴ʥɼˣĿһĶ֣
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ɶζţѰƣвϵͳˣ
ЩԭѰĴһ񣬱һϢڣҳһƬ
ǰ֪ѰѳΪսһˣЩѰĴ̸η壬ҲֻǼɵѰɳٶ֮졣
񣬰ŽһŷһĿĵĲпʵ
ѰĴڣвǵͳĴǲڽ¡
̫£
治ħ񣬴ս֮ĸϵͳС
Ҳ޵̾͸пѰĳ羴塣
ЩÿһʱͻӿֹѰĴţõǿ߼ǿѰһڹŻġ
ҲһĸӰε֮
ŵ˵ЩжѰؽΪ˶ʳѰ
ͳҲȻıѰ̬ȣκεͳٸҶѰȵǷܵס
Ӱʵ̫ˡ
һĴ壬ѴŹŻǿУȴѰһ˸˭ס
ԺŻ򡭡˭ѹסӷâ˭ָȥðǴӣ
ЩϵͳеʥҲ޲Ϊ˵սľвһ𷢺
µǣӲֹǵֲ̿ս߸ʥ֮ΪѰҳ׺ͽһ˺ֱӿս
ԺĹŻ˭ĸǶҪڴӵӰ֮ˡ
ʱһ½ı΢Сʿɱϣ޼ɣ˭ҲС
յգգ޿ɱ⣬޿ȡѰҲֻǿչŵϵЩܹѹˡ
ۡпڹŻ򣬸ǳ
Ϣͨķ壬ǽѰһЩ¼ȫóɲᣬ¼䴫һʱ䣬ѰƵǰδеĸ߶ȡ
۵ƻϣռͷ
СͷϣھȺס
֮УΪ콾һɧ
սڣΪսһˣڸǹŽ
ˣһЩҲѰ׵ĶԹ칷塢塢ɽڡʥء鱦ʥءȵĶԹޡ
һʱ䣬µ֮أ޲ŹѰ¼ڴ˭˲ʶ

׷ʱѰϸ򡢰³ǴǱһںѣȷ庣
±ãӿ޹ء
庣һϣľڣѰھޡ
ǰʱѰβ׽ƾֱںںԾʱ˳٣ƾϡ
ɣʵһȻȻ顣
ֻٶ֮ȴûѰΪ˴ƾ˶Ѫ˶ٵ׼
һеǿ󣬶
֮ʥԣǿУû֣κҫ۵ҫ󣬶ŲΪ֪ĸ
ʱһ庣Ѱһʱ俪ʼչؾޣȹ̺ʹոƾõΪ
ʥȡ֮⡣
֪޵ƿص޵ģβС֮ؼڡռ䡱ϡ
ҲΨʥӵȥռʸ
ѰԣԺĵ;Ǿȥƿؿռ塣
ָԶ졯ġУӡſռİ
ִʥȻȻÿռŲ֮š
ֻǣЩضǰҶԣ֪Ȼ֪ȻվûƿؿռأԲܿеı
ڲռʱԴӴָͿռŲ֣ˣܾز򵽿ռ
Ѱһ߾ޣһ˼⡣
Ψƿؿռ̤֮ʥʱ޽֮򡱣ܹڴϸһ
ŵ˵ʥ޵ľǡռ䡱Ψˣдĵ̡
ѰΪǴʥڣƿصĴƾ֮ʱɱΪʥ򡱡
ȣȻȫһˡ
ٸ򵥵ӣԴԺ󣬼ǻ˶ʥϹѰʱҲƺһǰ
Ѱһϸ򡢰³ǷغҲʼչأ̿УѰΪ۴ʥʵǲСĴ̼ΨֱԶԶ˦׷Ѱ
ʶǽî˾Ҫǰ֮ǰƾϣɾ;۴ʥ֮
СС춼Ŭˡ
Ψд˵ûп̿й
Դӷ庣ҪôǺ˯Ҫôͷɶ뿪춼ܲصģҲ֪æµһЩʲô
ʱƽʵĹ⾰ţ緢飬Ѻ޹ء
֪ǰʱȥ
Ѱ庣еϢҲ֪ش￪һʱ˲֪ж޵ǰ
ɽڸߣ庣ҲˣԭһƬ˲Խ׳һڡ
ѰڴܾӵϢõƬҲǳ޵еĳʥ֮أ



1686 ЬȹŮ
һ죬庣֮ϣ޵ߵӰ֡
иеɢޣݵӵܣҲĵͳˡ
ЩˣǰʥģֻΪհһ´ʥѰܾ֮أǺεһء
ģǸ游ĸŮʮ꣬СĻͷӡ
Щ˴ϣԼܹѰУ
Ȼϣעã
ΪЩ֪жٻʦ˼ӵǰձ˵ʦѰ涼
ɼˣɵסϣӳŮɷ뷨ĸ·޵ǰ
УһЩ塢ڴɵӵܣ츳ʽԿ֮ѡ
ɴ˾ܿѰڹŻǺε֮
ŵ˵ʥ޵УѰٲȻĴڡ
һˣ͵ֵһϵͳ
ңѰǹŻ򵱽Ψһһ۴ʥ
ܰѰУԺγɣ
Ǻʱ庣ɼ˷Ϻ޵ЯԼεΪ׳ۡ
ûһܼѰ棬˭ֻ˶
ϣվеģһأ
ǰһײˣѰһۿУԼһɳ죬ʹֱˣ
ǳ˼֪ϣãҲ޵ǰסõ庣ҲǱޱȡ
庣ƻõһصɴ
ϣ޵߽ڵȴΡ
縡Ƕһ·ʮ֮·ڴ˿غʮ죬ûлѰǰ
һ۽µ̾Ϣ
ߣһ꣬Ӣ䲻͡
ߣʮʲôϷڴغ£ֻҪһϣѰǰ£Ϸڴ˵Ҳֵá
һŵЦڣ߻׷һڿӣһ߰Сĺͯ
ѰǰҪʦѰǰ£ǰ򵥵飿ǾĬĬȴɣΨˣҵȵĳ⡣
˵ͷߵĻΪͬ
ֻһԸ뷨һѰǰûͽͷô죿
˺Ȼ
һ仰Ĭˡ
һѰǰأ
Ҳ̲ס˵
һ
ʣһޱȵϣɼˣҲΪŬϷ
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ڳЩ޵ߣһЩһĴȨ죬߳ơ
庣֮ϣҲֻܹԹԵصȵȴţû˸Σû˸Ӳ
ѰҲһȺϰˣ
֪ڳ޵߻еġ
һεǿ󣬿ɲҲѰǰ˵ˣ
հףôˣ
ԶһŮֹǰͬʵ
Ůһɫȹɫĳ̳˫٣бб׹ھӨСɵĶԣһˮƵ峺ģ崿
˵ʱһָڱӯӯһյ֫΢΢һֽõζ
ŮͬһЬ꣬һϴúܸɾҲʰú࣬ӵĸо
Ь굣ƵĿԶôˣÿһҪǿܶ࣬ûףС㣬Ҫǻǻȥɣ
ŮɸƵһŮļ򣬵հףе־òã
ЬǺ죬С㣬ġ
Ů¶һĵЦݣɫƮһֻõС꣬Ŷԣ츳˺ã϶Աȷɵġ
ЬһᶨȷҪҿ϶һֱŬȥ
̸ʱƬȺ֮ء
ȻһЦڣû츳һֱŬҲٴϴӲȱ־ߵĲݰÿһΪܲ׾ڣȻӣԶԶ޷޵ȣǴ˲пᣬʴ֮Ҫǳ롣
Ьһ㶣֪ڷԼûзֻ΢΢Щ
ףվһʮɣƶȻټͣҲܶԷ޶ԡ
ˣֻƳ˲ЬһۣͽĿȹŮϣжɫ
һʳڵŮ
˶¶Ȥ֮ɫĿ´ȹŮԵ޼ɵ
ڳУǸһиһץһѣҲɫ
ȹŮò֮۾һ
⣬ӦһĺᣬĹǣÿһԻӣŮгɣɢȻʥ˶ҡҷ԰ѳ֡
дĿƣʶȹŮ
һ仰Ҳ˳вپȹŮĿһˣ̰ȡ
ȹŮɫ̹ȻϰĿ⣬ֻŲЬ곯庣֮Ͽ
һһߵհף㣬ѰһҲ޿¶һˣĬĬ㿴ŻУ˭֪Ĵ
ЬС㣬ҿûѰǰȡ
ݰ֪֮ҲǴ֮
ǽЦڣƺϲڿͼǵ
ֻǣȴ˸ȥָ
Ϊڳ۾εȶϳ꣬Ƕʤšʥҡ֮ƵѦϵϵᣬѦӽ
Ѧӽֻʮ䣬ʵ츳ѣۣѦӡ
вٹϵͳҪѦӽΪˣһⶼܾˣһʱ䣬ҲΪһ׮ǽ̸ֵ
Ь߬߬˫ȭĿӿһĨŭɫɻǱס
֪Լ¿һƶӣܻǴףûʸŭ򣬾ͻԼ
ȹŮüƳ˽Ѧӽһֿۣ˿ߵĲЬ꣬вɵһ̾
ԲЬ괫հףѡǶԵģ㱾ͺСʵû취ϡҪסҪ˿𣬾Ҫñ˸ǿ󣬵ʱֻἵ㣬η㣬㣡
Ьݺݵͷ˲٣С㣬Ҳʧġ
ȹŮĲЬļЦҪԺڵʧͺá
ѦӽһĻ֮ԱǣƿڣһǻѪݰãҿѸǹ׶ۣעڴ֮·ˣģڷкͿͿعһӡ
⻰̶ԣΪͬ
޶ƽ֮ӵҰĲǻ£ûҰƥĴţעǻǸֻẦԼ
Ѫܵʵ֤һ㣬·˶ҰĺͿݹǣ
ž
ѦӽһĶͷȻʲôƵģɫŹ֣ҺȻòݰʦİɣ
˵ţ̲סЦƸоܻѰǰεֲܿݰ
θߣſ֮ɫ
˶Цɫ
ЬͷձǺ죬ĵŭ⡣
ȹŮɫһ䵭



1687 ʶ
ǿ߿£µձڣبˡ
һЩӸλ߼֮ԲԼʱȻһԽС
˿̣ѦӽԲЬʱԵ޼ɵ̸϶񶾣Ķһּڽмζ
Ьŭŭ֮ƿ֪
Ǿ仰Ҫڴ·棬̣У
ȹŮ̲סˣЦ⣬ĪΪԼһͿ԰ʦɹ
ѦӽһҲŭЦѦĳٲҲݰǿ˲ֹǧٱѰǰͽѦĳĻҲעݰǧٱ
ȹŮߡ
гɣҲԴǽ棬༥վЩģһʱҲΪա
ѦӽһǰϷŮǼģ崿Ҳһ顣
һʱ䣬ҡҷһֹסѰԴע⣬ҸһҪĹС˸ˣ
հףˣּһȻ츳ٸߣԺҲɲʲô򡣡
ȹŮοЬꡣ
С㣬׵ġЬ¶һЦݡ
ֻǣЦݿȹŮУȴӷᡣ
˵Ҳ·һƬȺϮĴʱ˵ʱºɱĲЬꡣ
ǰСɵʱȴǰ¸ҡ
ǣ㽫Ь¡
һ̸֪֮ƴΪĸɥ֮ڣΪӣԵĻʲôʧ
ʱȹŮһͬ͵飬հ׵һѡ
ΪҪǰݼѰ˳ҲЬҲϣҲϣǲЬܱѰУȻõĽ
㿴УҲνֻҪڣ϶Ьһڵ;ϰ
˼һлΪͬʹɸҪǣЬһֶصıԣΪͬ
ǾǼ͡ӡ
޵ߣӬӪȦȦƵ˼̫࣬ƲЬԸɾģʵ̫̫ˡ
ϡΪͬˡ
ȹŮ͸оԼ˱ԵϤĺǻ
οЬ꣬Ųں
ʱƣѦӽҲʧȥ˼ڿһݰȤΨĿʱʱƳȹŮһۡ
޵Ҳˡ
ǶԣѰطһЬ꣬ǸעȤûУֱӾˡ
ʱ֮ԻƳЬһۣ޷ΪȹŮԵʡ
С㣬Ǿһֱڴ˵ô
Ьʡ
Զ庣ֻһУһӾʧɡ
ż뷨ӡ
ȹŮҲЩ
ϴһѾܶûѰˣҲ֪µǷ񻹼ǵԼɵѾͷ
һ룬Լȷʵɵģ¶֪ȱƵģһ·ͺշֻûˡ
γأ˵Ѱ庣ʱȻһ˵ĳͻҪһԷ
ִԥˡ
Ѱֻ麣СʿҲֻһµŮ
Ѱ£յհĴһλ޵Ľľ۴ʥ
Ƿ񻹼ǵԼ
ðȻԼʱ񻹻ЦеһԼԴ
ԶȻһʥϢжһƢ㡣
ڳ˽һĿ⿴ȥ
ͼУһ貵ĹƮٿһӰõĻȹŮ
ü䣬°ͽ⣬һӾӨ鶯ɣһϮȹƮ裬ιյ쾡¡
˽Ժһ٣¶㱡֮ɫ

Ůһֶصʿף粻ʳ˼̻ӡ
Сӯӯһգü䣬ɢһ˵Ȼ
ħŮӵĽϣһϵ𺳡
ִضֳһʥࡢ׵ķΧЩﶼҡҷ
С㣬ϵ𣿡
Ь۾ûˣԲλ࣬κһ˿µͷ
СͿ𡣡
ȹŮڣǻȹŮ̲סЦ鶯촽ӨϢ
λӡ
Ѧӽ̲סڣ͸ŰĽͿȡ
ֻǻ˵һ룬ͱߵĳһסͣȳ⴫Ҫˣ
ѦӽأԲɵԼǰ游һλѦҵʥϹ˿̶һźʱпһɫ䣬ʶڡ
ӰŮӣֻһλ˲õĴڣ
ȹŮֻƳһۣûǣֱˡ
֮ǰڳӲЬһ⣬ȴһָ߸֮С
֣СŮǰݷá
ȹŮƾԶ庣ڣȻݺ䣬öֱ࣬
޵ɫˣȫȹŮչ¶ݡֹ޵ˡ
Ҳһһ仰ʶȹŮȻѰĺѡ
ֻҪѰ֣ǶԣЩһֱȴһᣡ

庣ϣٿȻɢ
һ̣һεӰƾո֣忡ԨϢȻӡ
Ѱ
ˡ
ѰˬЦӭȥ
ȹŮЦǰŻ·;ϱһЩСµˣĪ֡
һϵ𣺡Ѱǰˣ˴ЯϥȮӣðǰˡ
һ뷢Ұ׵Ľ߹
һڣҲӦˣΨֱȣ׷׿ڡ
Ѱǰ¶ʤˡ
Ѱǰ
һʱ䣬иֹڶ
ЩڹŻһĴ˿ȴһһǫ͹˳
һĻЬ꿴һ㱣𺳣
ʲôƣ
ʲô
ˣ
ǡֻҪ֣ͻ޹ݣĪҲӣ
ʱ庣飬ȻҲѰķۣҲЩΪζ
ֻǣĿǰûͽĴ㣬һֱЩ顣
Ц٩һ䣺֣ڹŻ˲ĺء
ѰЦ͵㿪ʱĿⲻƳһϤӰ
һϮȹϷ̳˫٣崿һĹʢŵͤͤˡ
ȺƫƧ䣬ɺۡ
ѰǷĵЦ⣬ЦСԺȻҲˣôɵǲϵˣ
ȷܸˡ
һνŻ磬һģ£¶С棬һܱЦȱۡаŮ
ֻǶ겻Ѱû뵽Ů庣֮ϣ
ѰĿԼϲõЦݣԭŵС氡һǺ죬Ѱ磬ҡܲʶˣУûǰǰɵˡ
Ѱ̲סһЦ
ЬףʶСеġѰ硱ԭǡѰǰ
ڳɵˣǡ
ǽѦӽֱ׻Ƶģɫֱ
ǸһݰŮ͹Żһ۴ʥѰʶ


1688 
һЩＤ˸һ¡
֮ǰ̰Сɫ˷Ƿ֮룬ıŸνһһСˡ
˭뵽һС˾Ѱϵǳ
ѰǾ۴ʥ٣ͬʱҲһɱϣѪȷľˡ
Ҵ˵⣬ǾԺûʲô
Щ׷泤ŮڿСʱ̬Ѳһû֮ǰĲмӡ
зƲסļʺӿ
ţڳ޵߶ԴЬ̬ϣһĨ΢͸ӡ
һݰһƶ꣬ȴĹʺˣСһ
һĿܲܵѰǰĹע
첻ֹǰˣҲҸСñط꣬ν˫ϲţߣǽȥ˵
ѰЦ
һСѾͷģùȻƯ̤ʥȻ㵹¡
Цһ䡣
ѰЦѾͷһСͿ档
˵ţС֣ʲôϽ
СܴȵŶһʲôһקԱ߲Ь䣬ѣܲҲһ𣿡
ѰĿƳһ۲Ьꡣ
һɲЬǼŵֶ֪ţԴһѣС
֪ܲѰĴ
֮ǰϲľǽǳأһ˵˵ĲרѰִź¼
ڲЬѰֱĴڣһԶߵĴ棡
ֻǣû뵽Ÿһִ庣ۼѰһԼ棬˲õĴ
䵱ѰĿ⿴ʱЬˣİ
Ǿһ𡣡
ѰЦЦջĿ⡣
һ۾Ϳܶϸڣûжʲô
Ѱ磬͵һΪأҰ׵һ
СЦãŲЬ꣬һѰߡ
ѰŮԴ˶䣬ֻҪĳûͺá
߰ɡ
˵ţѰҪСͲЬ뿪
Ѱǰ
Ѧӽ͵شгڴ˵Ⱥգֻ׷Уȫ
˵ţͨһ¹ڵأߵײѡ
λԸʥѦϡ꣬һȫȻʲôϣߵڵأŰ
һĻòЬһα𺳡
С¶һĨ˵ʲôջסСѰ磬ԵС滹Ǻ͵ǰû£
ɲС
˵ڴ˵Ⱥ𣿶ȻĪҪĻȥɡ
ѰһӣͰһʧС
ʼգûڳκһۡ
ӣǸں͹ע
ͽҲϲѡַʽ
Ⱥ£ųǣ˵ҪȺҪ£Ҫʦ
ûС
庣ϣɴ
мž޲ɥ̾ϢҡͷȻ꣬ɬį
ȴû˸ҳԲѷ
ԤУֻ˵ߵӵԵ޷ְˡ
ΨѦӽ˿Ρ
ڵϣŶĵúףմʼգѰᣬǰѻһ䣬ƮȻȥ
ɬաŭʵɽХѦӽз̲ͣס˻ڣⲻƽƾʲôǲݰܱߣҾͲܣΪǸС𣿡
ڳɫһ䣬ŤͷһʶѦӽģʵѰԺһҪѦϻϵ
ΣѦӽһǰѲЬС涼ˣ˻˼ɵɵ˺ѰһЩϵʱǾͲһˣ
һ
ԺѰ֪ѦӽЩ飬ҲѦϲ濴
һ
ǲЬԺɻڴˣȥѦϱѦϿס
ԣѦϻã
µĲпᡣ
Ѱʼնû˵ʲôڳȴû˸ҲЩ·ϣ
죡
ѦӽԱߣѦλʥɫ࣬һקסѦӽҴҶȥ
ŭҲʧ͵ǡ
Ѧӽذʦ֮٣Ϊһλǿֻֽһײʦɹ
һ˷С
ѦӽںߣˣҲûʲôѰĵλܻһƿСƽϡ
Ѧӽڱܾ˵һǷ˴ɻ䣡
޶Ѱڮ٣ֲͷߺޣ˭óѦʥŸеŭʧ
䵱ڳ޵߸ıѦӽ̬ʱλʥͷһ󷢺
ýѾӶܲ³ƾⷬѦԣһȥĿ
Ͼ֮ϢȻܿ촫ȥڵ֪ѦӽѰܣڳŭ֮Ե˭ҺѦҽ
Ѱƣ
һ仰Ҳû˵ɾƾڹŻ֮˭Ҳ⣿
뵽⣬Ѧʥ˶һѦӽͷˣͷһ
ǶѦӽĳͷСͲЬ꣬ǰ޼ɵĿܻڵ飿

庣ϡ
Ȫ涣뵣ɼҾ
ѱѰڹŻеܾ֮أʶҩԡȪ˲ٺֲ
ֶκң֮䣬ܵʯɽ𣬽һĵһһһĶ츣ء
ʱѰ׼һʢľϯרſԶİСͲЬꡣ
ǳʥ˴ѡ
Ϲʣζͬһ亱Ʒ
СûûΣԵͣټ̰Եʣܿ˯
ЬҲˣܾнҲɫһֱܻ㱣Ƶġ
ǣΪǳֻһƣһŹӣ͵ֲסӿ̷졣
ѰһˣЬͳܲסȼζ̺
ڲЬһģһɹȥҴܵѹס
ŲЬҲСһ˯ȥѰŽĿ⿴İ
ЦһƣˮƵС棬СһǺ壬壬ѪǷҲҡѰİ׺
⻹ǰһ˵Լ
ѰӡУɣȻħŮӣһޱȵ
˭뵽ʱѰİ׺
϶ţ˵̫ˣܹ֮֮ӵнգҲΪţһԵɡ
˵⣬Ͳٶ˵
ѰȴܹðѰİ׺֮ӵнյĵ̺һԵעͬѰ
꣬˼ˡ
Ŀ⿴ǲЬ꣬һˮ¶һ˿ɫڣһȱĽǣӦʱˣ˵屾Դ¡
Ļǵɣֻչ¶ɣϵĴͳΪͽˡ
ǣ
ѰľƱ͵һ٣һĨ˵Ĺ⡣
һˡ
һҲƶҲӵǵľޡ
ף



1689 һƷ˿
̫ˣǿչŵϣ˵츳һһʥƷ츳
ӵд˵츳ˣĽޣֻҪزۣʥ£֤ɵۣҲǿ߸ơ
ŰöѰŷ˯ĲЬ꣬ͷһӡ
ףҲͬǴƶ꣬ȴǣԱڤİ׼۶ϡ
Ժױ̤һɼĲ·
Ѱǵãʱޱȵһ仰
ʵһˣֻеѡҡûѡ
ǰǣԾݺŻ򣬱һһޣεҫۻԻͣ
˽Ѱ״޵ʱǱȵġ
һǵˣױ׼۰᪶ϲһЬԼ
ͬڤڤжǱԼɱһһ꣬ڶԼǰ
ˣ˵ڽȱ
ѰȻʵ
ͷһ̾Ӧʱܵ˲ˣһǣѺۡ
ԭǿλʥƷ츳ԺʱܰżǻǸ
Ѱɫ΢΢
ôˣ
ѰЩԾ
ѰһƣĬƬ̣ҺһҲʱ츳⵽ƻֻҵǱǿᣬ϶ԣ껹ˡ
˵⣬Ѱüһ㱡
Ьȷ̫˼ˣӵźһĳ츳ҲԼʱһЩΪơ
ˣѰҲϲڴʱ
Ц˵굹ǺͦԵģôʱΪͽҲá
Ѱһ˼
Ь츳𣬿ɲñ޷޸̤޵·Ϊһף
һеѡף
գѰȲЬѺ̸֮һ
ˣ˵ʥƷ츳λֵģ
Ѱʵ
ڵǿչŵϣµ츳˵ء졢ʥࡣ
Ʒ츳ΣʥƷ츳ߡ
Ż޵УӵеƷ츳ĿܣӵƷ츳Ҳ
ӵƷ츳ģͼˣƵǷëǡ
Щ꣬Ҳ˽˲ٹŻ飬ЩϵͳеĺĴˣΪӵĽɫ඼ӵƷ츳
Ʒ츳ǰ˶ţһϲԳ
ЩڽѵĹŴ̥඼ˡ
ʥƷ츳ǿУƵϺˣŽж֮١
˵ǿչŵϣһЩϡͥʥƷ츳֮پͲö֪ˡ
꣬ѰŻȻ
ء졢ʥ
ֻӵ츳޵߶ԣ£ӵ츳޵ߣվֻ
ʱ½߱ѪӪʱѰҲй츳飬ֻǣʱı׼ģ
׵۹ж츳ƷĻֻ֣˾ŵȣһƷΪƷΪĩΪֲڣԶûаǰˡ
ǡܹΪʥƷ츳Ѱһ⣬Ҳʶף츳Ǻε˲á
ʵڵ;Уӵ츳ֻһƣųɾŵ޵ߣûʲô츳ЩУͬɸͨ뢣
˵֮츳ֻһ֣;ϣףΪҪ
ѰЩ£ѷḻޱȣΪ۴ʥȻ˵ġԡȷ޵ؼġ
Щˣһ츳̫վҲڵ;߲˳Զ
ѰЦ񰢺㣬ͺ֤ܺ˼û츳ڴϻ÷Ƿĳɾ͡
ˡ
ȻһЦɣȻħʣضʧɫ
˵ֶ츳Ȥǰǿչŵ󣬲עһ¡ǿ츳񡯣ϱŹŽĵء졢ʥƷ츳ƺ
ǿ츳
ѰȻǿչŵϣƺвٰ񵥣ǿվްǿʥǿմʥ񡭡
ǳǳһЦ촽ݣɫ㣬ܼ򵥣Щ񵥽֮ͥһġƵͥ¼ͱ룬ƾƵͥӰЩҲǷǿգ޵߷Ϊ
ԣѰһжϣλضŮӣܽǿչŵ
Ŀܻǿչŵϵ䣿
Цݣɫׯ飬֣ٹʱ䣬֮ھͻٶȳ֣Ҵ˴αΪ˶
ѰͷһóݸǹƣҲ
£߱Ѫսʱ˵ֻҪְæ۳ɹҽԻһֽ֮󣬻ȡһ벻ĺô
ѰȻʱҿɴûЩ
ȲҪܾ϶²ⲻ
˵ţһֳһӨѩ緢˿Ķɢŝϡ
һѩ˿߶ѣɽƳһۣѰƾһֲãϡϢ
һˮƵһ˿ζζһơ˿֮һйأҲʦйء
ʦУ
ѰһһӾ뵽˷ɽ
һƷ˿ֹǣ֮һأԼʦвϵ⵱ȻѰ
ֻǣѰԾǣѿԼʦС
Ѱضɣڹ֮λ꺣һʱұϳˡսʥϢŻְۣȻ뿪λ꺣
һƣǳǳһڣΪôʱּ֣¡
ѰεǷôծ벻¶С
̽ЦĶˣ֮Ҳǵˣסˡ
˵գһ֣ǰ֮ǰʱ䣬ɵúú׼һ£Ժ뷵عŻ򡭡ţɾͺܲˡ
˻ѰҲ
֮ĳڣͨǿչŵ
Ц㶮ġ
˵ţƮȻӰһĨ꣬գ֣֮濪ǰһǰϡ
峺Ȫˮ㶯صĻȹŮӣ١
Ѱ㾲ĬƬ̣ذǰ
ԺУȴܻӲȥӰǰĽǴŮĸоɴĪ⣬ѽ俴͸
գѰ񣬺һƬγƽ
һ硣
Ь˯ֻۣһĿ˵ˬ
ˣ
һƽ͵𣬲Ь̧һͼԶѰһǰЦԼ
Ьų״˯ѵ״̬ѹʶ庣
ΪĽĴѰǰܾ֮أ


1690 
ЬܾнҲܽź
һֲ£һԲЬȴΪɾ࣬Щ΢ڣһ۾
Եܸ˵˵ǰ𣿡
ѰЦſڣƽͣЬľΪ֮һ崺磬
룬㽫Լ˵ڳ
հף귽ʮһƫԶ䣬Ϊ
ǰʱ䣬޳Ϯհ׸ĸҲѣɥ֮ڡ
˽ЩѰзһ˿Ȼ
հס
֣ס
հ׵ĲЬ˿ޱȵĽţԼ׹ĿвƵطڴ֮ɫ
ѰĿ꣬꣬һͺƵˣֻ̤޵·ʱһֱǱƵģҲ˳硣
հһ̲סǰҺһ
Ѱкβһ
հһ˵ҡ׷ǰ޵ֻỶϲ͸ˣҲ޷ʲô
ѰЦˣһܴꡣ
ΪҪ޵
Ѱٴοڣֻλᣬ⣬ұһʦĻᡣ
հ׾һ񣬻ϲü
ܿ죬ΣŬԼƽδżڡ
֪ѰǰԼһ飡
úãԴԺ󣬱Ծţֱϡ
𲻺ãԼվǸֻŸĸǰѣһǻŭŭȴΪķ
ΪҪ޵հ׿ʼ˼㱣˺ܶ¡
׸ĸȴɱͲŵʵ
˵Щ޵ߺ绽ꡢɽܵͨ͡
ҲһԼޱʹ޳庣֮ϣѦӽһĻĻ
Ѧӽ˵û츳һֱŬҲٴϴӲȱ־ߵĲݰÿһΪܲ׾ڣȻӣԶԶ޷޵ȣǴ˲пᣬʴ֮Ҫǳ롣
Ȼһǿƥĳ嶯ӿϲЬͷҪԼ޵Ը
ɵѰƽʱЬ͵ѣһǿҵĳ嶯ѹȥ
֣гޣзŭѹҲбˣǣǶѾģ޷ı䡣
ˣԼԺҪ޵ֻڹУ
뵽⣬հ׻һ亹֪ղԼ嶯˵Ǹ𰸣Ѱǰ϶ʧ
ȻЬٴ˼
Խ룬˼Խңл㱣벻֪ʱ֮š
ѰûдȻ뿪

С棬ôˣ
ѰһҵС棬崿аŮ·𳤲һŵò
ֻǺ͵ȣŮ˼ɬ˼
ܾûѰˣԾˡ
СһԻҲ̫ˡ
Ѱһ̲סЦˣǰѵΪĳĿĲҪϧɽˮ
С棬֮Ͼڴϱġ
ǲѰȥôСʵ
ѰһʱȻ˵ᣬСƵŮԸܡ
룬̾ᣬڣҲȷʲôʱ򣬴š
СѾ˵شУ
Ѱһա
ЩĽɾŮľõϢ
֮ĽΪ첻
Ҫһŵƥĥѣٲĵ
ѰȻˣһ棬ʲôʱˣȥ
Сգգ۾峺Ц⣺Ѱ磬ҺãֻҪ㲻ԺҲһֱá
ѰЦ
С죬еޱɺá

죬Ьһֱ˼Ѱ⡣
üͷɫ԰ףһӡ
磬̫ˣСһɻûʼУɿ˵ߵʵ֮
Уһֱעհ׶İ³̲ס˵
ѰζĺӣһԸı˵Ļᣬֻһ翵ϣҲþȥ߬УƫִһЩ᲻ϧΪ˸
ЩҾԣӵܣͲˣΪǸΪԺзΪǰһС
ǳĲ࣬ƶ֮ǧУܹӱģмˣ
ܹӱЩӵȣǰ;ǵ̣վ̫󡣡
˶٣Ѱ꣬ǳƶΪһ޵ĻƴͬҪıˣôĵһʼҪԶѰŬԺҲעȻˡ
³ͷ磬ƾָСһԺ󻹲ɻڴ
ѰЦˣɲͽȻҪͽԵΪԺĵ;ҿɲҵͽԺǿѰ
³ɫǣΪͽӰ죬ɾ̫ˣСǲǧٱŬһӶܻӰ¡
ѰԣҲŻǸ⣬Ψˣ͸ˣԺĵ;ŲܵҵӰ졣
ѾעҪΪͽˣ
³Ȼ
ѰһһʼҪǷΪڶףڣֻΪԼһһ޶հס
˵⣬ѰЦˣȻѾͨҵĿ顣
ͨˣ
³㵡

ǰ˵Ѿϸˣ
հױѰѣֻǣʼնûһԲĴ𰸡
Ѱȴˣ
һȻ
ѰЦ͵κһ𰸣ҽԲ⣬Ϊֻڵ뷨̤ϵ;ԽԽǿʱ뷨ͻ֮ı䡣
˶٣ֻϣԺʱ㯡ǽʱһʣԼΪζ޵ʱԼбѾ˴𰸡
հԴһһˣɵϸʱȴ޿ɵ֪
Ѱݵļ⣬;һԵɣһ㳹ף׿͸ʱˡ
հʶѾõѰϿɣ벻׵⣬Ժվף
ڣֻǾҵĿ飬ǷΪͽҪԼ
Ѱɫׯ࣬ƽڡ
հ׸飬ߵף϶ᶨǰͽ̡
Ѱһʱ䣬һоϣطС
ûеõϿ֮ǰҵĵӵԾӣҲζţԺ£Ѱ޹ء
ҷҵ£Ҷһаᣬ÷ף
һߵհͷϡ
հ׳Ĭãռᶨף
һ죬ӵо۴ʥΪѰճƶĲЬհΪӡ
հûеõѰʽ֮ǰעȼ֪֮⣬Ͻ֪



1691 С
ʱţһһȥ
հȴȻ
ԴѰΪӺ󣬱㴫طһʱΪаء
Ժհױ㿪ʼ˶С
ѰܲΣΨа³ΪںհӣŻ
ΪģհԺܹڴѰӰ죡
հ׵ȷûйѰЬ̫࣬ڻ޵Ե쳣ڷܺͿ̿ࡣ
Է˯ߡ˼Ͳеؾ
עĿǣհ׼ɣȥƴҲΪԼŷſʱ䡣
Сӣ֪һһڣٲĵ޵ǿ󲻵ãȴҪϣ֮һģСȴʦͨζ
ϸԭһЬܲȤ
ΪѰͽҲһһһľС
֪ѰղЬΪʱϸЩš
ڣԼˡ
޵·ϣ츳Ҫһ˵ԲǾܷڴ֮·ߵóõĸ
Ьԡԣȷܲ
ϧѽٺã츳Ҳģͬȣȫǲ۵һ治֪ǷˮˣȻҪһСһΪͽ
Ц
ڳЦЬ꣬ڽڿѰΪͽһ̫³ç
񶮸ƨ
³ִ
ЩѰŲʣѳ״ע⣬ҪЬУٲҵ
λһ¹ȥˡ
һ죬СȻҪ뿪˵ۼհ׶̿УԼҲ÷ܷϲУҪԺбհ׷ϣ̫ûˡ
±µĴǱɣҲֻСó
ѰȻʧЦ֮࣬ҲûǿԳС뿪庣
ѰΪҲֻǰʱ䣬֮̾أһɽĵط
꣬С棬Ȼ͵
Ѱ磬Щȥɡ
Ϧ£СһϮȹɽ仨УС崿ЦȻӰһϼԡ
С棬ٹҿܾҪ뿪Żһʱ䣬㽫ţΣգ㽫ɡ
Ѱһ׼õƵݸС棬ӡһ־ӡŻĪá
ޣ
Сûƴǣƣ۾ģѰ磬ԺһҪء
ѰЦȻ
Ȼȥˡ
С˻֣ɽӯãӰϦ¹ճһĨ˵ɫ
ֻǣִһܾӵɽǰСƤϵЦݽʧһĨǳü䡣
һ̾һȻ̤ɽС
С棬ˣ
һɽţһŭһƾո֣۶С档
ѡ
Сͷ
ߣлѣǲΪӲˣͿ޷ˣ
ߡ
СҡͷֻǲˣҪôҾ͡Ҿͳȥɢɢġ
Ҫ˵ʲôһȺŮԶһĴ
Сʱ˿
ǰӣΪǣѾΪС涨һ׮£˹ϵͳ𻯽ڡеһλĴˡ
𻯽һȻĴڣܹһͳһλĴ˽ףһҲܵӣл档
κ˿һ׮ϲ¡
ƫƫأСȴܾˣһΪ˽͵͵ߣõһŭ֪θ𻯽ڽ¡
ãСˡ
ѣСѾˣ϶ҲʶԼˣͲҪˡ
ԣ֮ΪС׼£˴ονǸһ˴󹦣һҪ͡
Щ࿪ڡ
һЩŮЩʣСһѾͷ𻯽һλĴ˿УԺݿɾٲһˡ
ѵͽɵɵ
С棬ҲѣⶼΪá
ɫҲû
һֱͷС棬˿ȴ̧ͷˮһһٵ
ǡΪҺãΪԼãǶΪұҲɵֻǲ
λҲǣˣҲޣٱҡҡҾٲˣ
һڵһڴɫ
С棬󵨣
ŭ⡣
֣лûЩˣǺΪһλɾ㾹ûģ
Ȼ
Ȼľһԣʱ򲻹һзԣһĵҰ˽ڡòҲ˰ɣ
ԴǶ񶾡
һʱ䣬ǧָѵ⡢ڿ඼Сһˡ
ССǹۣûҵҰˣҲû˵ǰ㲻
ֻЦ
Сֻһ󷢺⡭һ
ҵﵱ˵Ҹڽͻҡ
СһǿĵʧͱʹԺҲˣ
㸸ףߣҰҪ㣬ΪҪȵڣ
Ц
С棬ҿ㻹ǹԹ°ɡ
кâһֳ̧Сץȥ
Сһ𻯽ĹؼСʹ뿪
Сסˣû뵽ΪԼԼ˾˾ᣡ
ֻһ̣ͷҽУͨڵء
ͬʱһεӰСǰȻѰ
󵨣Ǻˣǿ
ŭɻյһ룬ɽѹȣعأ̧ͷ
޲ë¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ÿֲ
˭
Ҳ¡Ѱ䣬ɨˡ
ĿɨڳһΪǿ޲һһڵء
ʼգضûУ
Ҫ˻ȴ
ѰǣĿ⿴С棬вһϧˣûˡ
С۾ŵѰ磬㲻ǡѾ뿪ô
ѰСԴɵѾͷ庣ʱҾͿ£Ϊܴù𣿡
ΪС£ѰŻԳУŮһ·ͷҡ
ֻѰҲû뵽С£һйء
СڨڨͷҡֻǲѰ絣ģұΪǻŹҵġ
ѰС򣬵߰ɣѲʺٴȥˡ
СҡͷѰ磬˵Ҹ׾ͻҵģҴСŸһſһ׳ɶģ
ģ
Ѱһ
Ȼġ
һ̣شѰһС棬Ůشĺԥ
һ´ƣ硣
һӰƾո֡


1692 
һӰüӣ޽˪ףһ˿ɣ֮ɫ
һɫһƤ«̬Ȼһζ
Ѱһ
ӳʱһûУ
񰡡
һִӵĿСϣ㱣ޱȵɫ
СԺһƬհס
ľȴɵһʱ͸ֳһͷ
Լף
С棬Բ𣬸׽
ӿڣдΣЩ˻ƣŲɣ֮ɫˮ
Сɵ㡭Ҹף
һͷԲϴԼֹ⣬С棬ҡ
ԵޱȼƲףƳһѰ
һۣѰһܵزһǿҵΣոС
СѣܷҸŮ˶һ᣿
´
ͷΣղˣѰƳһС棬Ҫһɡ
ɣ
¶֮ɫοóڱС棬Բǿѡ
һָһöȱ״帡ֶ
СһҲóһһģһ壬˵ʱóһ룬㡭
ϣȴֲϡ
ͷһκ
ѰˣȻ˱ܡ

ɽ⣬ϦͲա
ѰһʯϣƣԼĸĸľ૑
Ҳ֪˶ãһϮ£޽˪׵ңѰࡣ
Сѣлˡ
СѾ˵һЩ飬ղð
Ѱҡͷ֮£СܹǰۣҲһ׮ϲ¡
˵⣬ʲôأ
˵СЩˣ
ԡ
ڵǷˣԵܵͷ
ͷѰһ
ģЩϾҲСˣĿºֻ֣ǽȫǺú÷ʡһ¡
´Ϧ£ӰԡһصĹ⣬޷͸ǳ
Ŀ⿴ѰƽѰĵϸȫСѣŻѾʺٴȥԸ⣬ҿԴһߡ
ȥģ
ǿչŵ
ұΪѰػ¶һЩȡ˵һвδ
ֻСˣԵúƽƽҲװ
лǰ⡣
Ѱܾˡ
û뵽Լһ⡱ᱻһСܾ
ȻһЦСѿ˵ͥ
ѰͷȻ˵ǿչŵĶУԡͥ͡ʮս塱ΪʢǺ죡
ҵҲǫ飬СԸ⣬ҿԽСѽκһͥС
Ѱһ
϶Сĸףǿչŵһλ˲õĴ
Ǹǰ⣬ˡ
ѰǾܾˣӲȱУ򣬵֮ͨһ־ʱҲǵȷӦ
ü࿴Ѱһۣ첻ԳһЦҡҡͷ
ѰֵǰҪСлңɲأСΪãΪһЩ飬ɴӲ̰ͼʲôر
̲סЦͷˣ֮ǰҿǲܣŷ£ԺС϶Թ׵ġ
һֳһöεŷ
Ѱ룬㽫ŷסҾ͹ˡ
ˬЦժϻƤƺ«ͷһ˵ʹ죡˵һ죬СѣǾʹ˱ԺֻҪǰǿչŵǱԵټ
˵գӰεض𣬷ҡڤ֮ϡ
һ˲Ȼÿ񱩣ݲһƿնȥӰ
䣡
ҴЦһһ֮ϣ̤һ޴Ŀ
Ѱ
СĸδҲ̫˰ɣ
ʲôͱ죿
ˣ
ͬʱԶ֮ɽ޵߷ΪʥصɽȻһǡ
̾ɽ֮ϵ𻯽ڣԱ޲Ȼ
𻯽еһλĴˣϢرе
Ѫʶڵ棬һѪܵĴ֡
ӣ
Զ֮⣬̸Цʱɱ飬ֶΣٲȻͬеɣ

ˣӹŻ̤񷣬ҡȥ
һߵģС棬Լһһˡ
ֱָƽѰҲŽƽϢ
һƵŷϱһġ
ģ
һ֣ȴ۾پ죬֮䣬˻֮⡣
Ѱ䣬ɫ죬ԺֹסðһͷСӦһλ۴ڣ
һ뵽ղԼܾһλƴ۵⣬ѰЩЦá
˭뵽СһаŮ׾һλ͵Ĵڣ
ֲ˵ͥѡԭȷǴţʸô˵
Ѱп

ڤ֮ϣ֮ڣһǿգǳ˸תС

ҵӰ֣̤ǺӣϢ֮ʼڽ֮Ǻպ
Ӱߵװ㣬ǿֲޱߵ־ƬǺָǡ
ˣ
ˣ
ǿϣһһϡȡ˳ޱȵ
ԼԼأһħӰӳ֣Ҹ׳Ƴ
Ըȥ֮󣬱Ҫڡ칬£ΪҸŮء
ҿڣ¡¡ʮ


ܿ죬һȥʧããС
ںС潻̸С棬ǰԲ㣬ӽԺ󣬸ҪΪǿ֮ҫ۵һǣ
ףҲҪǡ
Сࡣ
һ㶣̲סЦͷúúãôԣȫġ
С˵ףԺҪȥѰ棬ֹô
һӸԼŮǺεȿο˵飬ԼŮãһĵȥС棡
Ȼᡣ
˵
ѿʼɿ˼⣬ԺһҪǧٱŮãҪ֪ײõˣ
Ǿͺá
С濪ĵЦ崿СϾǲõЦ⣬ѾʼһκѰˡ
ҶЩԴˣСֻһ۴ʥˣѵȸ׶˲
ǿչŵУЩ֪ԼŮеĵλȲһСһֻ·ǱЦɣ
أҵӰԶԽԶʧããǿС
֮أ֪ϹﱻηĿλ˸ǿ֮ϵġħۡö֮ԼҴǰ߹

һº
庣ϣڴѰв۾
ͬʱŹĹ꣬һȹɰİƮȻ߳
֣֮ڽҪˡ
Ц׾¾Өʤѩףö


1693 ɺ
֮棬ͽʮպ
ҪѰһж
ѰӦ
ϴ̤ƽѾˣݷ庣Уʥĥιޱȡ
ңָͨҲѰ׽һ˿ռİԺֻĥ򣬱ƿΨдʥƿصȫ
ֻǣԭ֮濪֮ǰͳ۴ʥϸ򡢰³СС졢ûܴԸ
ǲŬʥƾϣ˿̿УԵ
£ϸǷȱľһƾĻԵ
հ˵Ƚ֮棬ϸŴѵĻȥȡƾԵ
Ϊ֮棬ʹ컯
ڽ۴ʥ֮ǰϸҪ֮棬ܵϲա
֪ЩѰԥϣϸһԶ˴ڡ
һ֮գҲһ˿űǡ
ǰ
֪Ѱ뿪հ׺ܲᡣ
µУЬԷ˲ɱ䣬Ӣ۾
ѰһЩ޸츳ķźҩ벻ɣȫԼĥ
Ѱһݸհף룬ֲԺֱģˣףҪԼȥ·⡣
հ׺ݺݵͷμС
Ѱļûٶ˵ʲôתȥ
һ죬ѰͰһ뿪庣ǰ֮棡
Ŀ뿪ĲЬ꣬ãȻⱲӵһҾơ
絶ƵζǺǺ죬ᶼ
һ۵ϸֳһĨᶨ
ǰ´ʱһҪʧ

ԹŻԣѰ뿪νϢҲ֪
庣֮ϣÿһʱɻ޵ǰհͳʥ

½磬׵۹
¾ӣһ̴Ķ񷣬ĬĬ죬ȻٵЦ
֮桭Ĵ֮һ֮أֽˡ
Աߣ̨ϼ˾Ӥﷺһ˿Ц⣬˵
بǵط١һ֮桯Ҳͥ
ÿοζһ컯Ⱥͳɵ۳йص컯ɲ˭ܵ˵ġ
˵գϼ˾ԺиֳѰӰСһҲ̤ǰ֮·˰ɣ
¶һĨ֮ɫȻ棬ǧŰٽ磬һһֹط˲֪Ĳĵ۾ֱĩ֮ء
棬ͥ׽ٺ컯飬ÿһοǿһЩ֮ǰܹߣǧһʵĴױأ̫֮࣬ͥء
컯֮棬Ψе۾룬Ҳֻ̫ʱֹһΣԺ󣬱ûֹ˵ǵطһһ䣬棬ء
صģ֮棬ǿչŵֻд˵Ĵ˵ޱ翣Ƿڣһ֮棬Ҳ¶ۡ
Ĵ棬ؾµıԴܣϧǣب񣬻ûһˣܳ׽Ĵ߱飬ʵź
ų̴ݱƣԵЩͳ
̨ϼ˾˵Ѱӵ˼ʱ桮ʥؾһζȻҲǰ֮һ⣬ǲ֪ԺǷлȥ컯֮桢֮濴һ
ЦҪ̫߿ӣǿչŵϿɴӲȱɣ˴ǰ֮棬ȥЩǶԿ
Ͳܹĵˡ
ϼ˾ӿɴӲʧ
ûнӻĬĬ̴

һƬãã޵ؼɶݣٶŲƣΧľŤģ
ϣںѰ̸
ب֮ÿһʱͻῪһΣܹ޵̽ѰģֻΧ򡣡
ÿ֮֮ͻ᳹׿ĺҲֳ
һΣҲע⣬һҵ֣ҽӵз֮ƾɱܿһЩޱȵ򣬴Ӷõ޷õĻԵ
ҲˣҳʱؽǿչŵЩﶢϣеķ
⣬ѰüǿչŵЩһûз
ͷǾ֮ĺôǿչŵϣҲ޴˵ȸԵ
ǰξ֮ĻһЩŷǰ֮ʱ˴һЩ˵ķֱӱߣνǽѵء
Ѱ˵ͷʾס
֪ܵ˴ǿչŵϣвٶĴˣԻУһЩλСǿմʥϵľۺˡ
ɲҪСǿմʥǿչŵϵ֮ڣ̺޵֮࣬ǿգܹλд˰ϵĴʥֻôһСˡ
Щɫһ̤ۣӵиΰĿֲڣʥӡŮҲ츳֪֮
ȻҲԷƱĵ̺սЩǿմʥϵ
ԣѰһпǿչŵ
ǾǺεȺ嫡ʥһأǰľ
֮ȣŻȷԵЩˡ
Ҳֵ졢ѰǰǿչŵΪŻ޷Ѱ衣
ͬǰСĸ뿪ʱҲ˵ƵĻ
֣⣬֮ǱɵִɺӡλһؾڣͬʱҲ֮֮ͨһ
˵ǿչŵǿߣ֮ģ辭ɺӣܹС
ˣһЩ罻֮أƾҲԸӦǰ֮·ֻЩ·֮ͨأλ֮棬޷֮ĺĵش
Ǵ˴ҲЩǿչŵǿһӷɺǰ֮档
ѰĶһ֮УԼ³ϸСԾ֮⣬껡УҲз
ʱǷҲ
Ѱ̲ס֪֮澿ж󣿡
һЦ⣬κ˶شˣΪب񣬿ɻ֮ܶ澿ж󡣡
ԭˡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
һ
͵سһƬУڰĲһ£ܿͷɶݽһƬްС
ֱһ¡¡ĺӼԶ
ѰڴͷԶͼǿռ龡ͷһк£죡
ɫ飬ϸʶ
˵ĸобڵһӣ飬󣬺ƺƵɷ׳ۡ
ǱǷɺӣԴͷ֮еһڡȪˮڣбʣ
Ʈ裬ʡ


1694 ޽ɽ
֣֮棬ɺӣϷԾǡԾţ޴ʥ̣ǻᱻǺˮġ
˺ۡ
ü䷺֮ɫ죬֮ھͻῪڴڼ䣬ǿչŵǿǰʱǿһҪ͵Щ
˵ţϢʱһ䣬ԭɵģֻ㣬Ҳƽ
ѰĿ⿴ȥѿ֡αװ
һͲĿˡ
գգˮ۾
ѰָŰ۾Ѱʺݣһʮ۾ҲԵúۡ
һĿֹˮΣ
ѰҡͷҲñ䡣
ǵϲ̵֣˼ǣұѰ䣬Ҳע⣿
Ѱ̹ȻȻ˲˵ôνˣɫϡΣԾҲ
Уġ
ԳЦ۾һֻĻŭŵСꡣ
˵ʱǱˣһöϣת
Ѱûѡݡ
ôΪǸɫ㣬ĴˣһһЦȻ֮ζ
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ϸܴȺӰĲͬӰԼĪ֮ڡ
ЩӰŮ޲ɢžʥϢ
еݣѣ档
е֮ϣ°ӵţ̬⡣
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ŮֱϢ̫ˣһȺ貵ǳڳдʣ涷ޡ
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ڣٶѰѵһĴʥڣһɺ֮ϣǵȳȻ׳ۡ
һ룬Ҳ̤ʥеŮãҲΪҫۡ
͹ŻЩһѻʥϹһȣ֡
Ѱע⵽вһЩϢۻǿƥĽɫԶ۵ɫ
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ѰԸп
Ҳִ֪ܹɺ֮ϵģȻǿչŵҲ䲻Ѱ
£ӲȱʥڣĻʥ֮µǿߣǿչŵϣҲȻˡ
ͺñȺ֣ۡ
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ټĹŻУʸڴ˵ģĿǰԣҲֻԼڵϸǡ
ߣǹȥ
ɫѰһ𣬳ɺӿ
ǵĳ֣Ҳ˲Ŀע⣬ܿջأԹԵؽ̸
ڳˣǿչŵͬ򣬲ͬ˴ʶҲֻѰͰİŮĳ֣Ҳ⡣
û취ǿչŵ̫嫣нܣҪϳһ˵ͳɾ̫ˡ
ȻЩǿչŵ֪ľ⡣
ѰڹŻĿɺ֮ϣҲֻһİ˰Ľɫˡ
⵹ѰΪ⣬˹עŲݷһЩͲ⡣
Ʋõģ
ɡ
һӰϡĽ㡣
ɺ֮ϣͻӿֳһŻʱУɵִΧ
ָŴ촹ķɺϿգУΧĲֺͻԵѱ̽Ѱһ
磬󣬻һСء򣬼һС硣
ڣһҲѰٲġֻ轫ȡ뱦У޸Ʒʣޱȡ
У޵Ϊᡮ˲ټޱȵѪͻ
лԵҲգڻӿʤĹ棬˼ɵľǡ桯һɨһλ۴ʥɢ
ȻֻΧԶԣﻹ̸϶ա
˹ΣбѰⲻѡ
̸ʱȻһڳ𡪡
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¬ˣǳսһٮٮߣһλľţӵƷ츳һ
޵꣬ʵľ۴ʥӵųǿմʥǿ̡
Ȼɲ٣ȱ޾¬˵ĺˣ¬˵ĻҲ¶Ȥ֮ɫ

Уֳִߣڽ֮󣬿ԽһЩ˲ԽĽ֮أȥѰٴԵ
źʹ޹ϵ˵ǾսջʤߣǹŻһѰĽɫǲ֪Ƿˡ
˿ڡ
һŵ󣬶ͷ࣬һŽӣнâ֯
޽ɽˣģ
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ǿչŵ£޽ɽҲɳǶӰ󣬱ʥء֮һ
ģǴ޽ɽ洫һˣһλ۴ʥޣλСǿմʥʮλ
ܲ
Ҫ֪֮ͥһƵͥ¼ͱġǿմʥϣҲֻٸϯλ
ǿչŵ嫣۴ʥټĿҲԿӴ
ȴֻλǿľ۴ʥλд˰С
ŵ˵ܹǿմʥڶʮλѾ˸ǿյĸ
Ѱ
һ̣Ϊĵһ仰ڳ˶ס֡
ΨѰ΢УĵĽޣƺһɵ⡣
ǡ֪޽ɽĿʦ𽣵ۣ𽣵ǴӴ޹֤ڵһξ֮Уáսһ˳ƺš
˴ξսϣ޹ӪҰУΪ޽ɽĴˣ벻֪㶼ѡ
Ѱԣ˽峾
Ǵ޹ӪһھսϣɥԼС
Ѱǵã峾ɱﵣǡֵ۽ž𽣵֤ʱһľ


1695 Ⱥ
޽ɽ𽣵ۡ峾ֵ۽޹򡭡
һϡ
ѰԼˣֻ˽⵽޹ӪĲҰܣŻԼ⡣
ģҲԷȤ
ϥڳϵĳս۴ʥ¬˿ˡ
ҶѰӸȤ
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ʦ棡
һƬžԶʶ˵ģǺܾǰǿ֮ϵ𽣵ۡ
Ϊһ峾𽣵۶Ϊ޽ɽˣ˴ǰ֮棬ֻ»縺ŻɱѰ˵
ѰͰ˴˶һۣˡ
ǵǿԺһ¡
¬˷룬ҪѰ㡣
ߣ
أߣЦ¬ʲôҲҴע⣿
˭
¬ɫһŤͷȥɫ΢䣬㣬٣
Ⱥ궯ĿⲻԼͬȥ
ͼһӰΡӰ̤գֶһаˡ
ߣһȺǿߣӳĵԵʮ㡣
٣֮ͥһĵͥˣλСǿմʥ񡱵ڶʮλ
ĶҪ߳һء
˼ɵǣٻǵϴѪᣬʦͳ֮һ˫رȺף
һʱ䣬ȫĿⶼ۽ϡ
ΪĿǰΪֹڳ֮УݡλʵԿǿһλ۴ʥ
룬羪װ쳹
ٻ⣬Ѱҵ˭˭Ǹҹȥ
ȫ
¬ˡҲĬҲٵǿ󣬲ԸʱͶԷֽ
˿ɲ١
һ˿Ź֣͵٩
Ѱʼû취ηֻۣԵ߲㡣
̲סЦʱˣ˼Ц١¬ˡĵΪơ

һ彻öȻ𣬺ܿ죬һͷ޴Ļ˰Ѥǧ꣬ʥ顣
֮ϣŮϢƵģ䲻
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Ů˭
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Уһ궯
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ѩŶһ续ƸͲ⡣
ˣˣˣ
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գ
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һڶǰǿմʥ񡱵ʮľ۵ʥ
ڻûڣҪ𣿡
ոһִͻķͳһֶصĴԣ絶ܸ˵ĺ
˽ĬȻаԸ̣ǿչŵϣ˭֪աǺεս
ΪŮɲΪ
Щ֪жٶ֣һѡ쵶ɱŮ⺷͵˭ҽ㵱Ů˿
٣ҪҪ棿
Ŀ⿴٣ߵ̵ְ棬Ҳ١
˰Լ࣬
㡭
ɫһ
Ŀ⿴ѩѩҪҪдһ
ѩȻƾڼҲᵱĥʯ
ŶһЩɺϵһѩġ쵶һƺͶԿ
Ǻѡ̬òӶա
һЩŮ۾һְֱӷ۷ĸо
˼
ѰҲޡ
յϢɲĿ磬һŮӣӵƣȷټĺܡ
Ůɲ򵥣˵֤Ϊ۴ʥʱҵΪҵԴǣսһλ۾ΪԺܳΪһλھǿյŮۡ
Ѱݡ
յĿҲһ˿
ȽüľŮӣֻλСǿմʥ񡱵ʮ
ô֮ϵЩɫָкεȿɣ
ѩ١ġһҲεȲǿմʥϵ̸ж࿿ǰ
˶ԱȣͿԿЩܹǿմʥǰеһɫжǿ


1696 ݱ¶
¬ˡġ١ѩա
һӺգ򾪲ɾ޵ľ۴ʥѰжпѡ
ȻѰĿⲻһƳһϤӰһȺ޵һԶ
һȪһϮˮɫȹѵŮӣؾ׿Ȼ
޿
ǿչŵڴˡ
ھսսΪѰߢҹ١Եʣ˽޿ĵӺɱ
ֻǣѰû뵽ɺ֮ϣٶȺͶԷ
ͬʱ޿Ҳһ۾ͿѰ
һҲΪ⣬һ˵ŭӿͷ
͵šҩӣҡڵس֣ǲ֪
Ѱһ鴤ɿ촫׼ҵݿܻᱻ¶
һźۼ˵ͷ
ɳѰϣ޿ܿĿ⣬Ѱһ
ȴһĴѰ
СǲǺܽţݣŲڳЩǿ߻ԥ̻ˣ
ź⣬һĨ⣬ΪץѰѱ
ģȻǽ޿
Ѱɫҿ޲ý̻ˣν㾡ܽУƺҲŲҡ
㡭
޿üýҧݣֱ𣬡СΪҲң
а
Ѱһνģ
Ҫ񣡡
޿ö޲Ѱ
ʦãĪҪȱ֮Ƚ棬һԳֽɱ
޿УʦּǬ
ʦ֣̫ˣ
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СҴıʦã˵Ӳֹҹ١Ҷݵĵرϣһܹס֡һر
ǬһϮۣҰףģʣӷâ̿գɢһɴơ
ƳһѰͲٶ࿴
꣬һŵսзս󣬲ϧȥѰеĴ
չһ
޿ʱ侲
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ˣϻЯ˴ѵķھͽݣǿɾûɱӣȡϵıˡ
Ǭ
޿һһǿ԰еŭ⡣
Ǭ޿һ˵ĳ֣Ҳ˳һ궯
ڻ硰ͳǰ죬ҲһĹϵͳ
⼧Ǭڵ洫һˣǵ弧ϵϵᣬޱȡ
սҲͬСλСǿմʥ񡱵ڶʮλ

Ǿסˡ
龪һһ˼׹ǵﱻߣʶѡ̣㽫ݱ¶
Ѱ˵ͷȻʵҶԽ޿ҲܸȤ
ŶһȻˡ
ѰȻŮսֻǺ棬Ƿ͵彪йء
ھ֮ǡУչһ־ʧʱѰһöҶĵɫӡ
Ժл彪ϵĺʱ黹һСȸˡ
չǷɽ֮һ㼫©֮ڸѰ˵Ѱͬʦ֡
ܴУѰԴ
˼֪彪ܾǿչŵˮ֮ϣӿֳλ۾Ϊ֮塯̼˲á
ˮ
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ʮս֮һս塱ѪսУһ̬Ѫľ۴ʥ
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ʱ򣬲޵ľЩء
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ɵɵ̸Ͼ¡
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ܿ죬ڿʱҪˡ
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ϧ޿֪ѰѴע⣬Ƚ󣬾ҸὫˡ
أгԾ𡪡
ħͥĴҲˡ
˻һƳмžҲһ궯
ͼԶһȺӰ֣Ϊ׵һɫԲ̬쳣ӡ
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룡
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ǰãһ䶯Ĵ·֣նɱһλǿմʥλеڶʮλľǿչŵһȻ󲨣
˿̣һ˫ȾѪȵĴħͷ֣˭ܲ
ЩעԵú̹Ȼ΢΢һЦҲ˵ʲôһȺħͥĴˣɺ㡣
Ѱ
ɲľ԰ڻߣһ͵𣬡ôĵӣҳΪɺ֮ϣϵ𣡣
˵ģһѪۣɺӣɫ価Ǻεĺ⡣
Ѫ£
Ѱһ
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Ѱ
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ǿԺ븡ֳһͷֳַļһѲȺУ
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һʱ䣬Ƕ޲ɱѪ¡
ѰҲһ̾ϣ޿ûнԼݣѪҴԼмһļһһС
ѰҲηͼɵĿؿѪ£
°ܽھսĿܻվǰͣ
һ仰Ҳڳ˶ȷѰݡ
һʱ䣬ж¶ɱ



1697 㲻
Ѱ
һڳ˶ԣΪİ֡
ⲢѰΪ
ԭѰӵз
ǵõϿɵϢԲм١
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һʱ䣬ѰһʽĽɫһӳΪȫĿĽ㡣
١ѩաġȳ֮ҲĿ⿴ȥ
к桢ɱҲиȤ֮ɫ
͵ʶңĿϷͺá
Ѱɫ
ˬشӦ
ڳ֮УӦþΪ˽ѰĵϸҲ˭ΪѰǸһǿɾʹشˡ
λΪǽܣӱǾ֮һˣһԹŻķ
ѪɫɭȻƿڡ
ɲǾսǷɺӣŵģǿչŵϹڸһľ
Ѱϣڳ˶Ķķһ赶ɱ˵ľʱ
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Ŷˣ֪Ͽɲֹһκԣλ鷳
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˶ЩƮƮһ仰ɵڽ¬ﵽ˼£ֱ̫ˡ
¬ˣԭֻҪһȻڶʳ룬ȴ˿ˣ

Цֻо̫˼ˣѰıҲĿ࿴ʵߵͣͳǣֵ͡
յЦ޼ɵ¬ѳװ಻סˡ
ɱˣ
䣡
ӰƿգһưĻ٣Ѱ˷ɲĴɢնѹȵݡ
һλ۴ʥĺŭһԷѰ
ѰҲͬһư򵥵
¡
¬ĳȻ飬类Ԩû丵βʣ
Ѱһƣ̫Ĵɽݺ¬ϡ
飡
ӰɣգڱѪߵķݣͨһ䣬ɺС
ݺ
ѰȻڡ
ȫžƤֱѰԵƥһ塣
û뵽¬ȺˣӬ㱻ķɣ⻭ֱ̫ˡ
һ޵ϲ˼ǣ㲻򵥰
١ġսСിˣüͷһ壬ν棬ɲһͽ¬˻Ƕе⡣
û֮ƥսѰ⣬ǡ֪ηֹ
¬˶ûǿմʥҲQŰ

¬˻𣬱ӰɢʢĹ⣬ŭˡ
գ٣֮ʢǬڡ
䣡
һȭԼɼ޾۽ϯƺƵֲޱߡ
¬ͣһλ۴ʥĵ쾡£в˶ͷ
һ̣¬ٴαķɣĿ죬ȥĸ졣
һǱѰһƴϣ弡ѣͷѣ̲סʹҽС
ͨ
ֱɺӣǱ֮
ʱӳ֮۵ĺˮֱܽӾߣʧƬУ
Уѻȸ
һ⣬ڶοɾʵʵڵսԿҵǣ¬˱ѹ
ѩ˶̲ס࿴ѰһۣʶԡĹŻˣԶѰɱȣ
һľ۴ʥҲϲ׵ؾͽ¬˻
¬˲ǿ

ΪѰļһսҪԶ¬֮ϣ
һʱ䣬࿴ѰĿⶼ΢
²ٲ֪ұ·
ۼ߷¬ҪɱѰüͷһ壬ĺһĨɱ
һ˲¬˼˸ǻŭУ糤һŲˣӲǡ


1698 
޿סˡ
֮Ļʱ䣬ɵڷսԡҹ١ҩӣ̤۴ʥ
ң¬˶֡
ȫµı仯޿ʧ
ܣ
Ǭüͷ
оſԽѰɱɼʶ¬˱ȫѹһĻĻҲʶЩˡ
Ѫɬ
ΪǿչŵЩڣԸѰһ˭룬껹ǺͬѰͶ۴ʥ
Ż򡭡һ˲õﰡ
һ˿п
Ѫͷζ֮ǰϲؽѰֶм׵ȫ˻롣
˭룬Ĳǻͬ飬һԴȵͣ
λʩɱأ϶׹ˣһΪá
ϻɲаֹ̬䣬޺ʵһֺ츳һۿ˿Ķ
Ѱֺ¬˶սʱͿˡʬɽѪݡĿ³
һ
ճţ˵ڷ΢ı仯
ʶѰֶΣѴ˲ͷҲ־ᶨ
ʱ޶࣬ھͽ˭Ͻ֣ղݺһսûҿء
ǴŶشԵɤ쳹Уɿˣһǰ
ϣ
һԽվͷһӰأɭ
ͬʱһҲϢ۽ɽˡ
Ȼһ߽֣

ɫɱء
¡
üû뵽ľҺԼ
α鷳һϣ˵ʵһһ֣ǶС
ȴڴʱѰǰȻڡ
һ仰ȫԵ
¬˰ˣ֤Ѱǿ󣬿ⲢͿ޼ɵСˡ
ǣ˴εĶĺ١
ǰǴ޽ɽһ洫ӣһλɱ޼ɵǿޣսλǿմʥڶʮλ
ǡĵͥˣϴѪᣬһλǿմʥڶʮλ
Ǹǿչŵ֮ڣĸͬС
ӣδ̫ˣ
ϾǹŻģ֪ߵغ񣬿Ц֪
Ǻǣ˼ܾöĿһеĽɫˣϣսҲԺͿһǿ󣬷򡭡ɾඡ
һЦ
Ѱ˿չֳ̬һУκ˷еļƣͷЩ
ΨѰоԩΪΪѰ˵ıǺ飬ΪλᱻĿˣ
ףڳЩһѰ̺εǿˡ
ƫҲ˶
ಣ
һУѰһףա
ͬʱƮ裬ɨȫΪĳģͷ
һһ٣ҲȻһ䣬绯һ̫Ԩɵ֮ơ
һ̣Ѱһˣڷɺ֮ϣ㻷Ⱥۡ
˺һϣɫ䣬׹ߣÿֲƣ
һЩԭЦǿߣҲͣëȻ
УѰ·һӻΡ룬һ־ѹȡ
ţ
Ҳ˶սĲܷӳ˵ҽĵ̣
˼
һ̣ѩ롢սСӡിȵҲܵһƣҲ֮ת
һʱ䣬ǿѰĿֱˣ翴ˡͬࡱǸеޱ⣬š
ʲôʱ򣬹Żǵȵطһ
ϣ
ֱӣȡѩĲ쵶ñµĿԾԾԣ
ǣɹҵȤ
ܣ
ѰЦʣֶ̬ݣڳȺ
ǿǲ̣ѾʶȽ棬עӬԼ
ô˻ᣬȰǴʹˣˣŻʵͷ
ǰ
յͷشȻ
Ŷӡ
ѰһָԶġ٣ǺߣȻһϣҲ޷
շ˸ۣ˭Ҫһ𡣡
ֱʱĿѰչ¶ƣԶ¬Ŵ߷ŭѣʶԼòԩ
һԣʵһӲӣ
ĺٵɫѰϢı仯ҲǸеһѹ
ⲢǾͿƾѰ̤ϣ
Ŷӡ
ΪǱذܣ̫
ۼһսͽڴʱ
ˡ
ɺϿգزĺһƵŻֶ
֮ڣڴ˿̿
ʱȫһٹ˲׷׺ԥչж
ߣ
²˳٣ػԵޣȵȵá
ж
ֲֺڷɺϲͬǿߣһŲնȥ
ǡһƬѵ磬
ѤöĿɷ׳ۡ
ߣ㡣
ŭߣ˶ţҲڿնȥ
¾ƣȥע״
˵ǲǱɱӲġ
ɭȻһ仰Ҳƿն
Ѱվסû
ֻѣɲ˶ʱ
Ѿ㹻ˣһĽɫٲˡ
Ѱӿܹмġ٣⽫Էˣ
߰ɡ
߹
˵Ҳչж
ǣҪˣЩһη壬ⰵУвĺݽɫѽıֿ۵ס
ȻѰյĴӵзܹⲻٴգѾ˶ˣԸรɡ
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼӰ㣬ڡ
˼ǣڰлбѩЩ˸
ѰһˣЩǿմʥεĽɫ
˼ʱѰͰѾһڡ

һĲ˵ӰҲʧ
ûãһԡڻɫеӰԶƮȻ
һݣ꣬һӳֳĺɫʱӵ߳һ
̧ͷѰʧĵطૣ׼۵ļƻǴƻɡ
ৣ
һ̣һƻӿڡ
չɳ࡭Ҳˡ
أһ䶯ֳһɮˣĶͷϣӡһɫӡǡ
ǻɫӰʧ룬Ҳ̤նÿһһɫ̨ӿ¡
ǡƲ
ûã½½һһӰ֡
棬ϹĴ֮һ
ͥǣϴ컯ҲǣǿչŵĿ⡣
ʸеģ˭ֻȻԵ


1699
档
ããŻĻɽľ֮䣬Ȼǿ
ţ˼ɢԭʼçİϢ
Уݵʼʱ
񷣬翸ԶųĲɫǳŲУһ
ϣɽУоС
ء
ãķ磬ؼ䱼ڣԶŵĺŽǡ
һղѰͰӰƾո֡
һ˲Ѱ͵һ׹䣬תסӰ
þ˵
ҲǴʱⷽصĲͬ
Զܾ֮أ쳣ۺͼ̣һĴѹ֮
Ѱƣʥǿڴˣ˲ͱѹȵõı񱩱У
ֲǰģ඼ǴʥεĴڣһʥڴˣҲСضУš֮УսܵԼ
Ѱ˼ʱܣͼ֮أһƬççԭɳء
ಣ
أӳһĻ棬磬ɱ֮նٻ˺ѡ
ǿֲϢѰһ͵ת޾ɾһڴԨһû
˻
ɽһ˲Ѱ͵
漫ԵһɻɬķĵֱײɢĻٻϢѰ嶼ʹ
ܿ죬ѹ֮£һͱ촷ۣĥһա
Ѱɫز١
һƻѣǵΣյ׻ɱʥεĴڣѰܲ裿
أС磬ΣյľǷֲеĸֹ棬桯ֻвܼ
һİ͵ղŻ棬ֻѰģ̸жգ棬ֳɫ
ɫ棬ܻɸֱ̬絶ǹꪣ۴ʥҲȫԸ
ɫ棬ܻΪľݡޡǸֺ壬µģøϽߡ
һһ棬ǱƵġ桯ʱ쫷Ϣˡ
ˣػһڡ桢ڰػ棬ʥ֮ڣ֮
˶٣ѵɲǱԴ޷Ҳ޷ȡͽ
Ѱ˵ͷأǷҲн
ȻƷԽߵ޸þԽ󡣡
ǰӣߣҲʼжѰٵһˡ
ѰӰ˸ȥ
һ·ϣɽãã϶ԭʼŨڻУѰû
һʺϾ۴ʥеء
ڹŻϳ˵Ķ츣غҩ֧ţѰľ磬޷С
ԭܼ򵥣ŻؼԶԶ޷ѰУ籭ˮн
ңشϢۻ룬һʥ˻ᱻѹƣеš
ɶѰԣٲȻһеĸأ
ߢһЩľԺѰȴ̺Ũʵʵ磬ҲƵǺˡ
أȴҰݰӣɼ
Ϊβ
ȻѰ
һ·ϣɽߵԶдУȻȴȫûз޵Ӱӡ
һֻŵ϶ûУ
ɿأبˡʱҲ޵ڴ˵У뿪ɺ
ôˣ
һ⣬ȫˡ
Ѱ΢
յ蹦
Ȼ㣬ǷһĨЦ⣬㿴
һվĴɽݲڰɽһͱϣȴһƵƮѤá
һȪֻӿֳģȴһͷ׹Ĵ
Ѱһ
Ʒ࣬Ҳ㲻ס
˵ţӰѣƮȻɽͱڸգδ
ָֻ֣Ҫ뱦ͻԱ޸
ѰҲͼͱϣһ籡磬ɢʥصϢ
ȡ֮ǰҪˡ
˵ţ̽һץһεɢɻȿһͱ͵ӳһȺĿĻ棡
ʮÿһԳֵɫһȺᵽѪȵ㣬¡һͽһ
ŲæиһεİŽȣһӡ

ХնɨݣһȺ˲ͱݿ壬һƻʧ
Žȣ˵ԺһҪȾ裬ÿһĵطذ档
̽һץһƵͱȡ׸Ѱ
ԡ
Ѱһûоܾó
ˡ
ӿ룬͵ǻһɬĵͼ֡
ֻǣܿͱһգöеı仯Ҳ³š
ɼˣѰеƷһ˿Ե½һ˿ҲǾˣ
֪Ѱıʥʱʱ̶̿ڣҪһ˿ɱ䣬ûµʱ䣬Ҳﲻ
ڣӵһ˿ɱֻҪ̶̼ѡ
ԱȣȻ˳Ծ
ֲҲҪ棬磬ɸͼġ
Ѱ̾
һЦ⻹ֻѰУ˾ȡһɡ䡢һپͽеһʥ׼۱Ʒסڵʱһ䶯
ѰȻĶԼϵıУС鹭ǴһЩȱ
Ѽ㹻Ƿܽһһ޸
˼ǰС
һС磬󣬴ӽ뵽ڣѰǻûˣҲ

ûãһƺƵĴӳҰУ˻ǧѩ
Եȡ
ȻѰʶ£زһ˿쳣Ǵֹ֮
ˮˮڣںˮ룬ȴһѩ׵к֡
ϸ۲죬Ա֡
һ
Ѱϳˡ
ҲȻƷ໹Ѱܻһѩľ󡣡
¶֮ɫ֣ȡʱҪСһЩ˲֮עҲѰ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ֻǣʱ͵һ쳹
ৣ
һɫԶǧɳִĿ겢ѰͰ
Ǵ
¡
δըһƬÿһȭͷСѩ͸˵Ĺ⡣
һεǿ󣬿׼˲䣬ͱǵƵıѩ涳ᣬգը飡
ˣ
ѰһͰܣΪһȺѩ齣ڵسǳ
Ȼǽǵף


1700
ֻǣѰͰսܣһƥĽӺ󷽺Х
ৣ
Ӳӣն˺ѿһǧɵıֱѷ졣
֪صطޱȼ̣ܹһ֮УͷųƵģ˾۴ʥܰ쵽
ǰбѩǵض
н磬ϯ
ѰͰ˲ã
ԸЩ棬ȥɱС
ѰʱѷһХ͵չܻһںǬĴԨ¡¡ѹա
һ˲ѩХʹԨɲײ
飡
ȫѰѰɱȣһ˲ʮѩըԨѹ촷ۣһա
ѰҲһ󷢺̹ǵĺϮɫ΢΢һ䡣
ֱѩ棬ԲѰɱȣ
˲ö룬Ѱ巢⣬¸Ȼɱ
ͬʱĺһԺɱɫһ顣
ʥĵɫԣüĿ価ɱģһƵۣһɫ
ʶУĿ꣬Զǧ֮⡣
һϮ£ͷ࣬巺ŵɫͷһõĹŽ
ȻǴ޽ɽģһλСǿմʥ񡱵ڶʮλĽ۴ʥ
ģǻòͷˣ
һ̵İҲŭ
䣡
ӰƿնȥȹƮ裬תһɫϵһɱȥ
ȥ
ɫָһͷɫŽХ
һӳӵ죡
¡
ɫɫŽײ磬Բǧն飬
ɫ䣬޷
ƴ̻һеһסˡ
ƵģŲնһˮоǲм⡣
һָ
ϣ
ڣһڸŷƵĵ߳ͨ׾ȴۻ
ͷƤ飬Ŀ뵽ѰߵһŮӶѣһλز¶Ŀֲ
ৣ
ûκԥĶûнеֵˣٶ֮죬ƾˡ
ɼˣɱһۻ׾ĵɨС
ۣ
ӰһģпѪ˺һɲĽۡ
ԭգȫûڿֲɫУҶء
ɫȻӵˣգۼʧ
Ҫ׷ȴһ͸ŵĴЦ
Ѱлˣһұˣ´ʱȡ㹷
ȻתͿԶϿգӰ۾Ρ룬ưԵʮ٣ԴЦԶݶȥ
ѰںһȺѩ漤ɱܷȥֹ
ٿ룬һܻѩѲǱٳûߡ
ü両ֳһĨ⡣
ղŵһĻĻһ˲Ͷ϶һ׼жǽѩ֮ԸѰ
ĳ֣Ѱάȣֱǣס
ٳû룬Ӷ׾ٵؾͽһߣ
У޷סģѰػܱѩͬʱܵĺٵɱ
ͬģѰסЩѩ棬ҲעƳϽͣ
ЩͷڰһӿŨҵɱ
λǿմʥϵȴǱΪ飬һ浱Ѱۣ
´ʱնͷ­

ȥȴѰֹ
䣡
ҲڴʱѰͷٿȻӳһŻܻһ󶦡
һ˲һ㱼·𿴵һľ
ؼ䣬Ψһȼգ쾭γǳԱٻһա
𶦣Ϊؼ㶨ΨһͲ࣡
ʶʱͿһڻ𶦷⣬Ѱܵıѩȫûһա
۾󣬸е˼顣
һŵȴΪبŲһ𶦣ڿ֣ѹһбѩ棡
ɺ𺳡
֪ЩѩѰȾ۴ʥղŶһֲ޷̻⣡
ֻǣϸ۲ʱһŻʧѰڡ
УѰҲ¶Ȼ죬ѹĵĳԾĿ⿴򰢺Ҳû뵽
ھʱȡıԴ𣿡
ѰͷҲھ֮һڤžڹž·һĹѨ硯ҵһűԴ𡭡
⣬Ȼ
꣬һûбǰܹ糼Ӱפ𸽽
ֱǻɫߵġŵ𡱡
ġ޳𡱡
ɫ¹ġ̵𡱡
һյƵġ𡱡
һϻġϻ͵𡣡
Ѱֻ𣬽ֱϸ򡢰³ԾѡСʹ
ѰΪ˴ֱƾΪʥ֮󣬾Ͳõһصĵ
˭룬УڸղŵļУһֱŵ类һ㣬ӿֶ
ѰЩ⧲е⡣
ǵã꽵ʱһεĽһ׭ġ
ô˻𣬱մز۶Ǻˣһ䣬Ը˻ǰ֮񣿡
֮棬ϹĴΪصһ
ҲѰףԼ˻һ̣Ѻʹ˻գҪǰ֮һ˵ġ
ңѰϻһ֮йصı
ţͼ
һ⼣߲ͭ飬ϱ߿һһһͷţϣ̬У̧ͷ졣
ͭѰãʱ칷׷ɱɽҰУһͷѪѪΪ˱ͭѰ
ҲͨѰһ޵ʬӶ˽⵽޵ߵҪƾͭ飬ȥѰ֮棬ɿѰǧ꣬Ҳûҵ
׭ŵţͼͭ飬һֱѰ
֮Ѱϵ𡢵ţͼԺص֮ĳֹ
ϵԶлҪࡣ
һ˿
һűԴ𣬾̸ܽɫġ桱ȥһȻ󲨲ɡ
㲻Ҳһ
ѰЦˣۼ֮࣬עԼѶá
ȻһЦ˵Щղĺһϣ˱ǵһ˳𲻱ҿʲ
ѰȻ´˶ˡ
вʹ죬ѰĿܸˡ
ıһˣϢҲѱҲ׽Ҫȥһ
á
ѰԥӦˡ
˸ı·ߣչж

ͬʱĺѻһзɶݡ
ǶСѰǸŮˣս֮ǿҶев
ӷɫ֮ǰۻһͷһ¡
ǵøıһ²ˡ
Ŀ˸һĬ˵ߣҴȥһˡ



1701 Ҳ
˭
ü
Ǭͥി
ٷɿ˵һԷ־ڱصãǺһѡ
ി
˸ãһҲ޷
ԭֻǶԸѰһ˵ĻƾٵսԲʲô¡
ɶһ֮˶ʼе֣ിһԶʤ㡣
ߣ֪ിһ
ϣٺԥչж

¡
һ޴Ļɽڸϯһҵսڱ
ƾǼിϵĶֱ֪ôдģ
ിЦ
£һͷɫ尺ؽ˶ٲĽʢĿ
Ķ֣һȺŮǱսҲǿΪ׵ĸλ۴ʥ
ֻԶٵ£ിռƣ߷һɫ޽ָأ󿪴ϣѹȫƿ֮
һŮȫѹƣһɫޱȡ
ߣ
գЩŮŲʣ֮زز
ിɫ䣬ЩֵӰʧɱڵһȺ
תͷɽ֮¡
۽緢裬컯صϢ
ϸȥȴܹ֣۽һֻڻëӰ翣֡
ȻһԻ
Ҳˣിûȥ׷ղЩ֣飬ܾʹ˰ݡ
˭
ിմ㶯֣ȡʱȻüͷһ壬Ũҵɷ
֡
ٵӰ֣Եിʱһ˿أơ
ѡ
ڴͬʱҲˣּ
ֻǣിֱӽӣԵüӵ̬Ρ
ɫһŭ类˵һƵģЩ鲻ס
գĻסˡ
ΪԷി
ǿմʥڰʮλǬͥĴˣһλɱϵľ۴ʥ
˾޵ǣി޵񣬲Ųʱ䣡
µľ۴ʥУിһùֵڡ
˭ҲСƾി֣ǿչŵϾ̸ͬɫ䡣
ôҲҪҵ
ിĿ罣٣һԲϾʹֵļơ
ˣǴһҪ̡
˵ţԼƻി
ֻɱһԹŻСֵʦڣٿǺĵͥˣϵĴѪᣬô̫Сˣ
ിһĲΪȻ
֪ӻ壬߻һսµŮӡ
ٽһĵг
ി¶һĨɫģҲòϣһλĺˡ
ܹǿմʥϣ֤ĵĲ
ി⣬Լ֣ҪһģҲҪȫֲУ
ֿɿŮӵݣ
ിʡ
ҡͷ
ô˵ŮǺѰһҲԹŻǵСط˵ǷҲз
ിзɬĹ⡣
Ӧˡ
ٺĽԵ˵ͷ
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ിӦ
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һ
ȴٽĿ⿴ɽײܹ̾ԻԿƷ
ȷܲ
Ҳɫ
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Ǻǰһȣѷɫˡ
ി΢΢һЦԽǲŸΪֲ棬λ˱һܲ
ٺĶһۣĬԶԶ˿
ിų׷ģ֮ǰЩһ˱ĳЩеĴˡ
ിûгɣֱӳˡ
һӣѵĽһ貳ʢĽɽ֮µĻ񸲸Ƕȥ
þĽֶΡ
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¡
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䣡
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ಣ
ɾിѹһȺɺͬʱһӰͻأ֣ƾŲƣ̽־ͳһֻץȥ

ിâ䣬һӣһƬɫܻ֯ΪһսìݺͶ
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ͬʱѰ˲ܣӭϣԵޱǿơ
ϣ
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¡¡
˲ͼɱһ𣬽棬ɱزڣ޹⡣
֣
ɱ
ٺҲˣȻƣǷŭ
ৣ
ɱǸģһۻĽ߶նա
ˣȹƮҷһˮƵﾡɱ

ɫ䡣
ٷһƵĵţɱĽӲ
飡
һ̣Ӱģ弡һڣҲ͵һ
ҵġ
俪ڣۻʢɫ⣬һС
ˣ
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ٺɫһŮСҲȻŭ
ɱ
ʩչܣɱȥ
һʱ֮䣬ⷽضҡΣӿĵͺĽ⣬Ƭ򳹵׻Ҷ



1702 ʯ
Ӳӵľ޽գ󿪴ϣִĿſɲضҡ
ിǿףǬ述ƾۻ룬һǿչŵϵĴʥ۽ޡ
ƥɱ£Ѱһһ乥߽Ρ
⡣
һŻ߳˶ѣΪսһˣҲിС
԰
һֳͳλǿմʥǿ֮еľź͵̣
֮ിŷ֣Ѱһ⣬һȻǳǿչŵսȴƾ޵ǿС
ിѰչֳսԣѾǿմʥС
Եúܲ˼顣
ʲôʱǿ֮µ֮أ߳˲ͬѰˣ
ټ
ȫǧѵһݣ
أിѹ˲ö룬ɫأΪѰչֳ֮ǿܵһѹ

䣡
ѰɫžϲεӰƥĵ⣬
ֿȭһһ׾Ȼ̻Ϣÿһȴɵأ˻֮
ԶԶȥ˾һ̫Ԩкƣһ·ݿ࣬Ծ
ѵ
ûãѰһȭɫ޽ിƿء
ӿǿȭֱŰѹĴԨһȭിҲ͵һѪڣɫһ䡣
ÿֲĴս
ിĵӡڴ˿̲ɣɫء
һУ
ֻǾ۴ʥΪѵӵŲ˼ۺ̡
ϣ
糱ിȣɱﵣһѽɫ޽ٿ仯ʮŰѽɫɽһȺɫزա
ǴĿĽɫ⣬ƮʵʵĴʥɽﶼȾɽɫ
һܵʮţǬҲ࣡
žŽ
ിǬͥǬȻΪģھിһѧӶһŷ
ʮűɽžʮֽİأܻ޾بŲĺƣ
һʱ䣬ؽʮԲിɫᣬհ財
飡
ѰĹƣ˲ͱһɽɢʮŰѷɽͷų콣⣬ǵס˴Ԩɺѹ
ֻҪֻҪ㽻ҿһ򣬽ڣ
ി¡¡ɱ֮죬ɱϵľɡ
˵ʱƺͣЪʮŰѷɽХݺᣬܻ޾ն˺ң
ѰһĨζĻȣһĥʯѣҲǲ䵱ʯˡ
ĥʯΪ˴
֮ǰിԾӦѰ̤۴ʥһһɿһսĶ֡
ʶսʱിĥʯ
ս¬ˣҲǾ۴ʥսȴһ䵱ѰĥʯʸûУֵһɹ
ിɫһĥʯʯ
һǰԼʲôˣ
һ˲ിֻоܵǰδеƺͼ̤ŭЦ
Сھ·

糱ˮƵĽɫɽ䣬ǡգͨ쳹أ޿ƥ֮â
䣡
ͬʱѰȻһ䣬һԨϡ
Уǽһ̶
Уǽ翪һţҹڰĹ⻯ﲻ̵Ľ⡣
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ֻǣһвδ
һĨɱڰһƲ
һȴﲻ̣
ǹɲľԱڼսġٽԲÿֲһ
¶ɫ
飡
ിԥܣԭĵطպȻߡϼȫһա
ിһֻдʥڵΪսΪλ죿
𣡡
ിһöʵɫС׶ϱ׭̡ϵĵģһڵ۾Ϣ
Ϲ׶
һӳ˵۵ϢʥҲിɱ֮һ
ǰ֮ǿУ׼ŸָıֶΣിͥĺĴˣȻȱƵı
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ͼɫС׶ڿգһâɱ˲Ƶģ쵽˲˼ĵز
͵һ
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⡭
ിɫ䡣
ǿ̺۵ϢһʥɱѰʱлЩá
˭룬˱ȴһ˲ͱסˣһֻӬճס޷ѣ
飡
ിӦĻᣬɫС׶ֱӱը磬ϯա
Ѱѱɱ
ڷ磬ŰǽһǰУҪ
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һֽƣ޿ƥеĽƣ
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գിյסһȴɣɲĽŶ˺ѿһĿĵ˿ڣѪˮʣ׹֡
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ƥѪһĻٺĶ巢Ȼʧɫ⡭ܣ
ǿി
ѰӵĶ֣
ѰûκγɣӰŲƣٿȻിϿգһųͷ­¡
ҡ
ി˻Ŀѣһ̤Ҫ嶼ڽ£źεζ
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ѰڱԸԸ⣬ǰֻһʯѡ
˵ʱĿԶںͰս١Ķˣͫо֮ɫ



1703 侭
ʯ
֣֮ǰѰ˵ʱിŭΪǶϵơ
ٺĽЦΪѰ̫ǻòͷˡ
ڣ˻ˣ
Ȼǰ΢΢һȻѰǿڡ
ֻǣȴû뵽ിλǿմʥǰٵĴڣ֮ܵ졣
ң
ŭȡ
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ѰŶһ
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ി
ǿչŵϣʥ׼ǵϱҲȥԻɱി
Ϊ̫أᱻ֮ͥһǬͥϣʱȻ׼ۣҲ
Խǿչŵϵ޵ߣԽͥӰε֮
ֲ֮֮ʢӰǿչŵĴ
ڣѰ˼һŲി­⣬һƵġ
˭뵽
ˣ˭ĸԺ󣬱ؽǬͥŭ𣡡
ٴС
ԲţΪിĳʵ̫
Ҳͬˡ
ĪΪλܻ뿪
ã¡
ںԼԾڹിǷûԼа
䣡

ͬʱѰҲƿն
ֻǣ͵ʱ͵üͷһ壬סŲŤͷԶ
һʵʵϢԼ˪ѩ͸һ˵Ϣ
Ѱܸܵһ˿в
ԶգʥӨ׹ƮճһٻӰһϮ£˿١
üĿ续ǣһ峺񴿾ȪϵĹ㺮ٳ翶䡣
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һȺŮӵ󣬽ӳĵ׿Ȼ֮֮ʢضȻ
СС椣ǿմʥϵിܸͣоҪിΣա
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Ѱǵãѩǿմʥϵǵھʮȷി١
ڴžʮǰģ
ҲζţʮʱУѩڴͻͽിԶԶ˦ںˡ
вʱ䣬ǿմʥͻ½ʱѩֻҲˮǴ߰ɡ
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⻰ܲҲֱӡ
ЩͥĴ˶üĸ޵߼ѩһѩӣ
һȴԵúû
ȻǴӹŻǵСطģһûУʵٸҲվǸֱɲç򡣡
̲סԼ
һ꣬ٷ磬Σ׿ȺһĽ
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ЩŮ԰ͷ죬ҲһսǿĿܡ
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û˵꣬Ȼֹ
ΪһԾָŲգѹ
ָԶ죡
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ͥĴҲɵۡ
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µǣΪ̺޾ɾİأ˵ĸоǣһָ֮£鶼ɣ
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ͥɴ֮һ
һƴ½ߵ
в𵴣ضݡ
ϣ
أѩüһƵĽնָƾ֮
һѣͽײĨΣ
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Щͥ˵ɫѿ
Ļῴѩʱ֣һȻܵסֻҲǱܻḺˣ
ɣ
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٣뿪
ˣѰ嶣ˣ峺
Ѱһû뵽ѩֽΪ˷Ϊ٣
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ҧȵΪǴ磬Ҫˣ㻹Ǿ뿪
ѩ΢΢ü̧һָ
ৣ
һƵ鶯֣ն򰢺
ѰӰƾŲƣһץһһĨɵɣһ
ǿĽ⣡
һ鵭Ȼ̺Ĵȴޱȴ⣬ϬҲдʹĸоתȫŻ
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䣡
ͥص䣬УҲֻһСʸƿش˴УǿչŵϣҲġϵ
˵ߣ޲ܹӳԶͬսӵŲ˼ͨ
ղѩһ赭дĨɱһλ۴ʥ
Ѱ
ȴסˡ
Ҳˣ
һʱ䣬ǿѰĿⶼ仯ԹŻĴֱç򣬾ǿ
Ψѩɫ˿īʤѩӰٳ
䣬ڿս㲻Ҳˣң˵طĶڰĿ⣬ߣֻ¾߲ˡ
ѰüȻЦˣߡ
˵գת򰢺
̬ȵת̫죬˶㵲ѡ
ɰȴˣûκγɣˡ
ֻǣɿһѲӲҫ۵ѩ⣬ٿȻͷ֡
һķɵ
ۣ
ɵһһѪܵͷ­׿ն
ŭĿԲţȻϡ˿ֲķɵ
飡
һ̣ʬ׽׹أݽߣ궼ĨɱױС
ͬʱ԰֮ɫĬ
УСɵķɵһưɫ⣬ٿġ
ԼɼǰƵһ«ͼڣ֣ޱȡ
һмһɲĿͻȻѪһĻȫ˶Ȼһ



1704 ǱϮ
ɵһͷأ
һλ޽ɽ洫ޣһλǿմʥϵľ۴ʥ׾ٵĨɱ
ǵѪȶһĻԵø𺳡
µǣһʼûע⵽һѷɵӳģʧģ
ѩ죬߳ݺ¶һ˿⡣
ٲë׵ͷƤ顣
ǰδеĿ־ȫ׹ߣղһնԼϣǡԼǷܻţ
ȻѰͷһȻ
ɣؿµķɵȻǰĵƣ
ڳˣѾôǣɳ
һǿչŵľޣ⧲رնĳ֮Ծ
ߡ
ѰŰһ뿪

շӰܿʧ
ѩʦ㣬뿪ˣ
첻ģƳеļžΧ
ȺǻţδվֻΧھʹֵ֣
ѩѻָǰĵȻʹݣɨܣοѰߵŮӣɶǲÿеӲͷ
ĬȻ
֮ǰڰĿѰνിʯģҲѰ׾پ͵סѩһġ
һѷɵնĵѪһĻ¡
ʱĺѰǴ֣ʤ治˵
һԹŻˣᡭǿ󣿡
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ߣǿҲעҪѣеķɱ˶Ѷˡ
ɫ䡣
ƾԼϲѰĶ֣ǷҪһж
ѩĿ⿴Զ١
ɫ粻ҧˣ
˵գתȥ
ѩʱٵɫѾͼޡ
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Ǻӣ
Ϻĵϵһˣһλ̤ʥĿֲڣǿգ
ҲٵĴ硣
ֻǣУλµĴ磬ȴһӰеη¡Ǽޣ
ѩ֮Գ֣ΪԼǺӵĵܵܣ١
ѩһ죬һҪ㵽УҪٲǺӲ
ŭ

ѩʦ㣬ͥͺĵͥûʲô飬֮ǰΪҪ־
ȥӰ̲ס˳
ֳǺӶж
ѩԼࡣ
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һֶѣȴڳͷһǾһħĿӡ
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߰ɣҲжˣ˵롢սе˷һ˲õӵо˵ġ󡯣ܽ併ʧһ׮컯
ѩ˵ţӰƮȻȥ

УѰͰŲơ
ɫԵЩΪǼ
Ѱʡ
ţǡն«һȱĹűѲ֪ȴޱȣնɵһɱҸ߳һ󾳽Ķ֡
Ҳɿ촫
˵ȱڽɣֻܶΣ´Ҫãֻܵȵʮ֮󡣡
ԣѰ
һɵɱ߳һ󾳽Ķ֣
ȱȷѿǽɰĴڣ
еһ㲻ѷɫն«Ϊˡ
ƿһЩʲôˮƵдһ˿ɫ
ѰЦЦ
ڴʱٿȻֹѨ֮УѾõ̫ϯ
ѵľ棬ָǧɵһƬա

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¡
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Ѫˮ
ܴ˵ȳǻҲ͵ؾҷҲԵΪ

һԡڻɫеӰ֣зɬĵǺɫѪɽ
Ŀ⿴ԶѰһ˿⣺㾹ܹҵĴڣ
һݣ꣬һӳֳĺɫ֮أӵ߳һ
ϣ
ѰɫŰǽͳ˹ȥ
֮ǰںѩŵʱһΣյϢ֡
ˣʱǰ׷١
ǺǣҪ𣿡
괽ǷһĨ̵Ļȡ
ৣ
ӰƾʧѰһա
ʱУ´ʱ档
ٿȻһƻɫ
ѰʶɢɫѷһĨɫ
һΣյĶ֣Ӱȥ٣ʶ޷
˭
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١ȽɫղӰĿҪΣգ¡
ѰҲʶ˴ν֮еǿУŲٲСĺݽɫ
˺ǿϢ֮ղұȴǰһȥ
߹üһ˿ء
Ѱ˵ͷ֮ǰ֮Էɱ٣ǲ˵ϢܲѰǶ֣ᱻѩ롣
˶٣Ҫǡ
䣡
͵һưһԨӡǧոߴ

һڰ߲ͭӸ֣סһƣ룬Ƭضը붯
ͭӺ󷽣һɮ˳֣ɫׯ࣬Ķͷϣӡһɫӡǡ
ƺҲЩ⣬û뵽Ѱܹλá
ز£
Ѱˡ
ɮ΢΢һЦˣжɼĴؼžܵһʱ䲶׽ҵϢ
ϧɳˣҲҵˣ˵Ĳʱʧ
һ̾Ѱһۣתȥ
ÿһоͻһɫ
Ѱû׷ʼգɮ˵ϢԲ覵ĺɫиɻ
֣Ѱо粻ƴȫ´ˡ
һֵĽɫ
üƺԤҪһЩ
ȷղųֵǿɳ࣬ɮʹزйء
Ѱɫ֮ǰֻɳ࣬ҵȫ֣ʱ򣬾ѩ֣ҲĽɱɶͺ¿Ͷˡ
ҸоƺǴΪ˶ȡһˡ
˼
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Цˣ͵ľѰһ㣬費Ȼţһֶصķɡ
ҲжеĻԵɲܱЩ˵
ߡ
ͷӦ



1705 
ء
ɶ;Уܻ״һһ꣬ӨѩĶڡ
ˣ
ɢ绶켤
գ۹ѣѰע£еƷһأ
һƵĹڷâ֮䣬ɢϢ죡
ɣһܲѰԶƷЧˡ
ţ
Ѱע⵽б澹ֳһɫĵƣ֣һƽݷУĿֲϢ
ƣ
ԾݲѣУΨн֮ΪʥлơζŴ˱ӵ˵Ǳܣ
ԭˡ
Ѱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ҳ˵ơ˵
ʥ¿Է࣬һͨʥһǱʥ
ͨʥҲһʥٶӵʥСʥƷйء
һЩʥ֮Ҳǳǿ
ѰеİǽԪʥӵŲ˼ܡ
ʥнˣֹǺҼʱޱѣҪԵ
һԣʥҪԶͬƷ׵һʥҪΪǿ󣬲ңܹؽ޵һǱͷų
һ㣬ʥԶԶ޷ġ
ؼǣֻҪϽдʥƷ֮һ
۳ơʱͻʵɱ䣬Ҳ֮츲صı仯
۳һơñʥսʱ޵ߵսٷ֮һҡ
ֻǰٷ֮һ޵ߵսмޣ¾һ㣬Ťת֣֮
۳ʮơʥսͻٶȽɱ䣬޵սʮ֮һ
۳һٵơʥսɱ䵽һȫ¸߶ȣʼ̥֮޵սһ
ʵ޵ƾƣֻʥĽףԡơΪƷףĿ۳顱
飬ӵǻۡľΪսһ޵û
ֻǣ̫ˣǧʥУһӵġ
ֻҪӵ飬սʱͷųԳĿֲ
鹭飬ȱȣɱʥɱɣƥ
Ѫɫɶġᰡȱ˵ҲһΪԪӡ顣
ᰣѰ֤Ϊ۵
Ŀֲ֮
֣ѶǴӺδ
̲סʡ
Ѱһ׵۹ڽͨؾƴعؿʱŲƵһйĵط
еĶСӡһѪ«С޲T֮ǵȵȱǴӡ硱лá
ЩѰѸҶ϶ǡ硱ȻڹŻڣ
ֻǣŷ羿ѰԼ޷ж
Ϊͨؾ֮ͨͨͨǿձ˰һλϴڣ
꣬ͨҲ桱֮أֻ⡰硱ǿձ˰ǿչŵеĳطѰҲӴ⡣
ɿʲô
Ѱʵ
˱ȱֻʣһطУⱾĵĲλȴʧɼˣӵ㲻˼Ϣ֪˱طͬ졣
˼֮ɫңŹֵǣ˱ǲȱģɸҵĸоȴֳһ֡Բ֮Уһơ
˵ţһָб棬Ҳٱƣ˱ǰ㣬ֳϢģȴ֮١
գĿ⿴Ѱƶϣ
һɣ˱ɱ飬ֻΪĳԵɣ˱ġơһֱӡΨмȡܽЩӡıһһҿ
ѰĿ˼
еȻܲѰӡšԪȴӡޱȡ
ǰһֱΪǲȱģƺԼһֱƫˡ
ǱӡģȱĲ֣Ƿ񲢲ʧˣҲڷӡУ
Ѱ뵽⣬ٿʱĿѴһ˿΢
˴νصЩͳˣҲΪʥܶô˻ᣬ㵹Ҳһԡ

Ѱͷ
ʱУѲѰһ·Ϸƽ˾ûз⡣
ͬʱѰնɱǬͥിϢʼɢ
һʱ䣬˲֪ٵĻȻͺ䶯
ӣս˿ֲ
ҪСģһܱܣͻ
ߵǸаŮӣһնɱ˴޽ɽģ˿£С
ƵۣʼЩǿչŵ֮ͬǿ֮
ിĶˣѩûн¡
֪Ϣʱڴ˼ǬֱסˣͷһĨ޷Ƶĺ⡣
ʦ֣⡭𣿡
޿Ҳһˮе𾪺⡣
Ϣͥӵܴм١
Ǭüͷ鷳ˣҵսҲֻി൱㶯õƣֻҲУҪ֪ിȽɫУɿûпµĵƣջˡ
Щơ
ʱѰΪֹҪ潪޿ѰеĴͷ
ڡ
еˣ
޿кܲˬݽҧɶһŻ߳ӣǿ󣡣
ϢأһӰֶüĿſ㣬бһߣһλʥʿ
֣
Ǭһּ
ͬʱɿ촫޿ʦãλս崿Ѫ㡣
޿һ
ս壬ǿʮս֮һ׿Ѫսƣ̼ۺ
㣬Ǵ߳һ࣬ƽ͡ӡ
ǿչŵϣ˼֣Ҳ֪սжǿ󣬲ǿմʥϣһֱռݵʮλԵޱҫۡ
Ϊǿչŵǿߵɡ
ԴˣƵͥһλֻӦһ仰ӣ罣ϻУâʱؿ˸ǿգ
ˣ˸ɡ
ΪƵͥ˵ĻʹһߵȨ
֪ǰ֮ˣսġࡱ㣬޿Ҳһ󲨶û뵽صĽɫҲ֮棡
֣þò
㺬ЦڣȻ󳯽޿΢΢ףǼˡ
˶٣ֻ˽һǸѰͬ
ĪҲΪ˴з
ǬȻ
˵ͷҴ˴ǰ֮棬ǰһأֻգҪһܷ׻
ԭˡ
ǬͷһǡҲ˴ӣֺһж
ʹˣٺò
һ࣬޿һĻԸоһ
һº͵ӣԡѪս׿Ƶս᣿
̫ˡ



1706 칵
Ҵȥ
һƬݲĻɳĮѰͰɶգ
ΪθоԽԽԽˣ
Ѱü
ЩͰһжҲȡһЩɼƷͨĻɫԶеЧ΢
ܻѩǵƷûмһ
ۼʱһһţѰҲЩˡ
ֻ֪֮Χհ˵ʱ䣬ͱ뿪
ͻʧ֮Ļᡣ
һС磬ƹޱȣǰǿĿΪӴ󣬶Ŀ޵ģһɮ٣ȡȻԵһЩ
һ䡣
Ѱ˵ͷ
Щһ·Ҳ˲ǿߵӰڼ˵Ӱֺ󣬽ԶԶԶܿΨֶ֮
Բȥơ
ͨ£ףĺിɱνǿǣѾʶ˵ǿ
һ£ЩʵǿߣԲð
ף
أѰһ
ʶӦУƬĮĵطһ޴ԨƵĹ֡
УʱʱһѤöĿͷ׻һţгɫɫɫɫɫɫɷ
ͬʱҲһбŷһĨʡ
ߣȥ
Ѱȳ˹ȥ
кɢ˵ϢһۿףʶĲ̽
һִƬ򸽽Ѱ͵һͣ嶼һ㼦Ƥ񣬲һδ֪ա
ֹƾ֡
ö
ҲˣԾ
ͼǹֺУһͷ׵Ƶģ֣ɢ˵ԡ
УһЩ֡
۱̵СںҡҷˣһƬƬҶӾӨ͸ƵĻת
нɫĴУת
гɫ绯һƷƵ̬ƵƵ˸
һĻ۾ֱˣһȻһƷ༫䲻ֶ
ܾǰ
Цٻ⣬òѸı䣬һһЦһȻȻͷ顣
ѰҲЦˣĿƵȡЩ
˵ţ̽һץ
䣡
һֻ¯ƵĴԨ۶֯Ӳԣǹֺеһֶȥ
һĻˣǺҷһӰɺۣɢĿֲɷ
飡
һı쳹ЩӰǼ£Ѱһץֱ֮ӳúȻ顣
Ѱһԥٶȳ֡
¡
һΣתȫһʵʵĴԨӰ֣ûذİԾơ
һ˲ЩӰһը
ۼѰһƣҪһɳֳ۴С״ȡ
һƴƵӳһɨѰһֽ˲ٻһա
Сģһһ˿˿ĵɫӵС桯һ˿ֲɱ
ü両ֳһĨء
Уֲһֽɫһɫ桱
ɶɱ۴ʥ
ǰһƴɫ棬ŵĽɫɱɱԶѰ
ذѣѰҲʶΣգɫֻһƴɫӳԼɱ
ͷϣһƵƾո֡
ʱǴɫ澹һе˻ڰ;̶ֻӡ
ֻϧѾһֱеףһɨ
һƹӳһߣٿȻǴɫȡ
飡
Ǵɫһζһա
ͬʱѰҲһʱ֣һܻСץ֡
ɹˣ
ѰǷЦ⡣
ֻһ̣ס
Ǿ޴УзһܵŵȺƵģȻɢں
ѰͰ
ԡ
Ѱһٶȳ֡
䣡
Ѱεȿֲɸһ׹빵УͱϢػɢ
Ѱͫһһ˼⣬һɫķٿȻǹֺС
µһĻˣɫУͱһεĹǣһܽ
֪һʥգۼͱĨˣ
ѰԾ⹵ڳһɹֹܵһһǿȥܻ
ҲЩӦǱ˹ܾȺҲ޷Уֻܵһˡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ʱţк
Ѱ֮ǰȡһУۿɼбٶȸֳһơ
ֻȴģδʵ
۳һʱ޵ߵսٷ֮һңɶ´Ҫɱ䣬Ҫʮơ
ѰݣٶȣҪȡʮϵƷ಻ܻС
ֱһһƳɫǺ֣˸ʱһƵ⻯ɬƮΪء
Ѱһ
ûż֣ĵȴ
أһƳɫڹзһ߮
ৣ
׼ʱѰԥˣò˼顣
ϤһĻĻ֣ǹֺӿֳһӰɷ졣
ܿȫѰ
ಡ
һųɫܳȥ赲ѰĹŵĽɫҲǿֲޱȡ
ӳһκξ۴ʥŷɥ棬ȴʳĳƵģһա
Ѱ˳ƽһȡ
š
Ѱ׸
Щ⣬̲סҸҪ
ȻһжõĻԵԵƽ֡
ѰЦЦ
ƴǡ
˿ʼȴ
һֺݷ˲֪ǡȺѰǾ񴹵ߣֻƾȥȴϹ
һʱȥ
ಣ
һں֣Ѱʼʩ編ơ
ϧǣһƷֻͨǿֻöеڶƳʵ
ѰҲ٣ȴ
ʱ
Ѱջ񣬽һ˰
ʱ
ֱѰܹʮһ˰һ˶ϡ
ĶУ۳ƣÿһԽӲӵģһƽݷС
ǡư˵ġ亱
ѰҲеƷһۿɼٶȽڽ
ʱѰٴĿꡣ
һܻɫսƷ֮ѣԿƶ⣬֮ǰȡĶҪ
ֻǣѰʼʩҪʱأԶİȻŤͷһĨ֮ɫ
ҹ
⣬һۻɫĽƿննǧ֮⡣


1707 Ʋ
ۻ룬
ԶкȻӳһӰָ͵һġ
飡
ը顣
һӰҲܣŵŵ˳ɫһ䡣
һ꣬һ԰ü
úݵŮ֪˭
ڡ
ৣ
Ȼ£ٶȳ֣Ӱ翣һӨӲӵɫɽɱȥ
ȻֹиֳһѪɫսìɨɱսҲǿ֮
ת˲ѣѺͰʮΡ
֪ɲѰ֮һ˶ǣסĺλ۴ʥ
ڣһʱòꡣ
ɣҲһλԶͬĺݽɫҲλǿմʥϵĴڡ
ϣ
ӨѩĶһٿȻâ֮ʢض
Ѱˡ
ۣ
⧲֮£걻еķâУըһƬѪιǱп۰Ͷ䡣
귢ƺߣһҧĸֳһѪɫ͵飬Ӱٿƾʧò˼顣
Ѫ޼ʮս֮һս塯еĹűĪ⣬ֵǡ
ϳ㣬ղǼһȻҲսĴѪˡ
˵ţһü֣һʱܻ鷳ˣ⹵вŲһ˴ѵĻԵأղǼһߺƱػϢȥ
ѰһްĴԨ˵Ĺ󣺡ǾͿǷͶȡ˵ػԵˡ
˼Ĺָרȡ˶ò˶ãͻΪһƬ֮ء

˷ѵһöѪ޼
Զ򣬻ͷڵѪ
Ѫ޼ֵ쳣ϡޱȣֶΣȴû뵽ֻΧ˷ѵˡ
ޣ㾹ˣ
Ƭ򣬻ˣһϢԶֲܿԶѰ
ڵһ촽ɺ죬ұĵ̷ŮӣżѪĻ꣬ЩԾ
޵ǿǿĿãǿչŵϣҲ׺һѪ
ս壬ƿ츳ںܶǰǿմʥǰУ
޵ĻһɫǸѰģսȷǿǶѹ׵ֶΣҲûӮ˴ˡ
ұ̷Ůӵ˶Ȼ
Ѿ֪ʲôǿ϶ҲܸȤ
Ȼ޻һתзһĨɫһ칵ֵ飬һһ˵
ʲô飿
Ǳ
Ѱδ̫˰ɡ
һʱ䣬˽Ķˣãǿɶһ
һǱĹ֣һȻı⣬κۺʹѡ
ұ̷Ů˵һɱȥһԹŮɱˣֻҪܽһֿƣЩҲ֮
ƾǣɱѰŮˣҲȻøСĴۡ
ҡͷܾ顣
Ѱ棬ʱݣȴе㤺͵
ˣҲǰϵһżֵǵѪ޼֮زز
ޣ˵ô죿
ʡ
ڳˣǺ޽˵ǿߣԲͬÿһź޴൱ս
ǣ
޴³ĸ֡
Ŀ˸ʱˡ
ֻҪǹһعֵϢԻ಻ǿǰ

ʲôĮһǱĹ֣
죬ȥ
ϢģۼҲϿȥ
У޵ƲһֵϢҲǺܿ촫
һʱ䣬˲֪ǿע⣬׷׶˹ȥ
УһЩԹϵͳĵϵˣԼһЩһĿܺӡ
֪УƹޱȣҲ޵ģǶ٣˵һ顰ءʱ˭ܲĶ
һ籩Ҳ֮ʹγɡ
ΪĻٿߣ޵һֱڰйע̬ĶһĻʱЦˡ
֮ƣ߳ɣ
Ϳ˭ܻȡժˡ

ˣ
Աߣһ󻶿켤бϣٶ۳һƽıơ
ѾǶ۳ĵƣ
ʱϴλ޵ʱ䣬ѹȥ졣
ϧ⹵ڳſµǱУƾֵȡĺô
п
ѰЦЦҪ˵ʲôʱһĨɱ
죬ҵˣ
ͬʱһĴдӼԶһȺ޵ߵӰˣŮʮԦѤõĶݹ⣬ڶ
Ȼˡ
һһĨ⡣
ףǲѰ
Ǿǰִˣȡ˲ٺô
ͬʱЩ޵ҲѰͰɫ䶼һĨ͵ӡ
һᣬھߣԲֻ¾߲ˡ
ѰȻȴ¶һĨǵĺ⡣
һ仰ʮ޵߽üܲá
ԵԵߵ֮Ѱʲôռ˵ȱأδ̫˰ɣ
Ϊɱി޷죿
λɥĲһ֣
һȳЩ޵ɱڡ
ȻûеȥѰţ˶ڣҲһЩĺݽɫĿܸľʹ˷
ǾͿûⳡԵˡ
ͳУѰԥˣӰŲƣкХ
ۣ
âһһ޵ߵͷ­ն
ͻѪһĻЩ޵޲ɫ䣬׷ʶҲˡ
¡
У⽻֯кΪ֮
ѰɫʲӲӵ⣬ɣħٿضУȫ
ۣۣۣ
Щ޵߸磬˲õķÿһŲ׵ս
Ѱɱ£ͲֽƵģһһնɱѪɣҽ
ѰҲɫɱ񣬲Ų۳ߵƣɲȫһˡ
һʥ׾ٵϡ顢ը
ƥâѰе⡣
޷󣬵۳ʮƣеƷٴηɱָǿᵽεȵز
ΪΪʳ޴
һ̾Ҳˡ
һϲӲӵľӨɽ𣬺ХգݺɱۻɱǬ䡣
Ƕ̶ʮ䣬һȺ޵߽Աɱһ⣬ѪڤӶݡ
ϣ
ѰУ࣬δ
ͽɻ
һ䡣
Ѱֻ̾ǵһֻ»ԽԽ˻ɶ겻֪ĳ
ʵϣҲȷˡ
һʱٶ޵ߵӰһȺŴɵĴˣһ
һִͺȳҪѰͰϽ뿪Ը



1708 ۽ʥŲ
ǿչŵϣƾȺŴɴ˵ݣһЩϹﶼĻɵͶ
ν򹷿ˣЩɴˣЩϹ˼ɵġ
ʶϳѰʱڶǰ޵ߣҲ޾ɫֵúǿӲ
ѰˣֻƮƮһ䣺ിҲһ񣬿ȴˣҪصޣ
Ҳ仰Щ޵һɫ䣬粻
ʶǿչŵϣǿݣȥѹһЩӲӡ
ȻɱിѰڴС
վûǰ޴һʾѰ뿪ҲԣҲʹ˱ܡ
֮ǣҪһϷеĻԵ
ǵģǵãΪ㹻гˡ
ɻشǵģѰԼһ֣

һ֣ѰޱģЩ޵޲ȻŭѰֱ̫ˣǹ̫
Щ޵ɵ۵ǣѰֱӾͶˡ
Ѿǿ⣬ǰԵ޼ɵĵزûнǺǱУ
ԥأҲһ֡
䣡
սȴЩǿչŵϵĴɴˣһѰѹɱ顣
ʲôѰνŻʱκŴ۹͹ͷ
ǰˣˣԺҲȻˣ
ǿɲǵı̰ɱΣҲӲ˽Ĺս򣬶ϲơ
ʵϣˣʵ̫ˣ֮У˭֪ിǬͥĴˣԸˣ޲õֺմѡ֪Ѷˣȴ⡣
ǲ⣬񣬱߹ġ
Ѱڵһ죬ֻΪԷݣ̺͵ͷѡηãѾҡ
򲻹ʱҿӣݷҲ¶ùʱɴӲίԼ
ҵȻҲ֪СģȻϵģûϵһ죬һὫǰϵҲڽ£
ӯӯѰֹ˵˵Ҳôġ
ڹŻѰ޼ɣ˷ԵУ֪ٵͳжд̡
ٿټŻ˭СѰ
¾ЩϹҲòͷ
ΪΣ
ΪѰվڹŻʥһ۷λӵеƺ͵̣κεͳɵ
һεǿ󣬿ղҲѰ̤ˣ
Ц˵һϵ¶һ첻µز£ԲŻԵһЩŴɵĴ˺ܴ
ΪǱʶУݺͱǿͬһȥһЩݲǵĶ֣ƫƫأһƵģֻܹǵù
ѰЦڿңң
Цֻǽһ£ΪЩ޵߻ῴ

ʱ½һȺһȺ޵߳֡
ʮ
ҲɫѰͰʱ޲ĻɵûðȻ
ͬҲδ뿪
ҲһЩаģѳ˶ڵǿߣһ⣬ԱѰˡ
ЩԾŲһʱ䣬Ҳ̫ˣòսǼһĻݵİɣ
üʱĻ᲻ףϢֹ©ˣһúܿ죬Żôǿߡ
ǣ
Ѱ
ֻ¾ˣǼһ򲻹ǣֲϷ˵صĻԵȻҪȡһЩıԡ
һһЩֵǳͷƱػǳΪеĹУ鷳ˡ
Ǿó˵رǡ
Ѱԥ
ó
һ
ȻĹá
ѰЦˣζ

ּԶһƬޡұ̷Ůӵ˶ڰС
Ŀһһ޵Ӱ֣ˮӿһ֡
ҲһЩ޵顣
һԹŮǿôǿǰвͷ
˾ɲ
ɱിֽұ˵ģȻһɫ
޵Ǻܵһָѻ˲֪ǿߣѾʼѰԽԽ
Ӷһ
Ⱥǻǵ£ѰȻǿɿܸܲѹ
ף
أ޳Ծ
Զգһɫ𣬻һȺӰǽɫϡ
Ϊ׵һɫĮĺ꣬ĵбĽϣ̬ɽ
ৣ
вĿƳĵط
һĿѣȴϬĽ棬ɲ֮
޸Щͬ޲һ
ԼҲ΢΢һ
ãǺܿջĿ⣬һʧߡ
ŲģһҲˡ

ϵôˣǬͥһλǰǿ֮ϵĸޡ
ÿ꣬ǿմʥͻ
ɹŲĵΣÿһУǰ֮С
һεŲλеʮԿǾˣ
֪ǿմʥϣԽǰͻԽҺͲпᣬʵ֮֮壬ͿȫһΡ
Ųǰ۴ʥÿһζԵúܿˡ

ҲȻ޲ľ
ŲһѹѰŮˣйŲڣ˭ȥԵ
硣
ŲǿѰҲǳصģˣһǻɱിĺݽɫҵϣܹ͹Ųƴܾˣǡ̵
з֮⣬ᣬҲһжȥ

ԱߣѰӦȻԶ
һɫ֮䣬չŲһϣһȺٳ
У˲֪ǿߣŲʱ޲ɫ䣬궯ѡ
۽ʥŲģ
ҲˣΪ֮ǰû˵Ϣ
вپ
˵ӰŲһ˵ִʱΪȫעĽ㡣
û뵽ǿչŵĽţΪ۽ʥľҲˡ
ңһȺǬͥĴˣ
ͬʱѰҲӰ˽⵽˹ŲĵݣüͰֹһ䡣
ˣھ۴ʥǿմʥŲߣǣʧȥ˽ʥĻ᣿
һ֣Ѱʱս̸ľɾޡ
֪ѰԼ񣬻ԶԶһ⾰
˶ԱȣȻʶΪŲеʱԵò
Ѱ֪ǣ꣬ھ۴ʥռǰ֮ϯλǿչŵϵǿ߶ԣѾǿ֮ţ
ϾǾ۴ʥУϴϱһż
ֻ˵Ѱ˽ǿչŵ飬ԼԱȣҲ



1709 ϷŪ
ŲˣһۣӲգĵ佣ϡ
ưɽ
ിɱģ
ŲĿڣҲʯӲ䡣
һ仰ȫԾʶŲһ˴ҲǱҪĿΪി

ѰͷҴݡ
Ų¸ĸоͺͥ˴ѩƣԶġȾ۴ʥҪǿһЩ
ϣ
Ųͷֳһ޽īʵ޷棬Ͽ̡١׾ġ
գϢݣƳܲס˽֮أ
ƬУһɿֲޱߵɱ֮ҲǴӹŲɢ
˺һϣȻɫ䡣
ÿֲƣ
˿̵ĹŲط棬ֱףƬǬ
Ѱ΢죬Ҳ֮
һʱ䣬ƬرȫͬĿֲƳ⣬˴˶ţնҷ󽭴˳ӿ
жһ׷˱ܣΨֱһݵĴս
ɱǬͥĴߣԵ
Ų
ৣ
£콣ݺύХڣȫһ١Ϊľ޽Юţһն
˷ѩǬΪ
һƴ
ɳϣһ̣ѰˣͰһŲնȥٶ֮죬ȫڳ˷Ӧ
ৣ
پ޽ڰͣͣ콣ɢ
ֻǣŲȴסˡ
û뵽һ־˸ɴࡢϵӶݣһкֱˡ
ߣһǬͥҲס
˽УѰһ޼ɡĽɫിС
룬սδʼԷȴֱˣ
ڳҲɵۣʲôѰ֮ǰǱֵú޼ɵ޷
ôˣ
йעһĻ޵˶Ŀ࣬һһˣ
ԭǻɽۻѰôһֱˡ
֮ǰǵľƣڵãˣˣ
ޣ޳ܣһѰε˵ãԭҲһӲĵС֮
һǬͥ˲м
Ҳĸ̲ѣӦսûУѰǵǾ죬ǵС
ʦ֣Ҫ׷𣿡
ʡ
ŲâҡͷʱѴ¡ȡ⹵еҪֻҪСӻڣԺɱĻᡣ
˽Եͷ
ĿôĻн԰Ѱ֮ǿǸеֺͷۡ
ڵãŹŲһƬֱӾͱռˣ˭ȥǬͥа壿
е޵ɫҲޱȣƵѪһĳﱸı㸶ˣ
ޣô죿
ұ̷ŮӼˣѯ
ô죬Ȼ
һ˵ԽƷߵԽǲýŲæ֮ʱҵȻȡ̣֮
ɾڴʱŲ俪ڣ
벶ȸںˣһԼܷסĳĽ
һ־棬Ҳһֺεв
˶зùģҲĿ˸Ϊ
ǣȻܱһ仰ˡ
ŲĲٶԣĿ⿴Ǻ֡
ʱƣܿ죬ǺӿֳһܻһֻӲӵķݣڹ䰿裬ҫۡ

޵Ҳǿڸ̫ˣֵɹޱȡ
ЩǬͥ򶼽˷֪жĿⶢâڱ
ΨйŲɫΪ
֮ǰѰһֱƿش˵أŲͬҲԣ˸Һһ֣н潫ˣ
ûãŲĳ׼һʱԥˡ
һưץǹġɫݡ
䣡
гһӰɷѰ֮ǰ龰һޡ
ŲĴ䲻پ޽ɨݿ㽫һڹӰ顣
һɫӳһŲһ֮ٻһա
ŲߣһХָ⣬жʱӿһƬ⣬һɫ渲Ƕȥ
飡
ɳϣǵɫ澹ǼǿٶȽĹ߽⡣
򣡡
Ųü䷺һĨأһɫƿƿ籡һɫϼϯ
ٶȳ֣ǡɫݡץȥ
ɾڴʱһӲӵĴٿȻڹŲ֮ǰ򡰽ɫݡ
ұ̷Ůӳûˡ
ŲıǵɫǣƣǶȡһʱ
䣬Ų¶һĨڽɫԤϵˣһָ
ϣ
һĽ쳹޽գХٶ֮죬֮ͣɽ̣ӿա
һӲӵĴ˲䱬飬绯ĩ
ұ̷Ůһ䣬ԥܡ
Ǿ޽ƺޱߣٶȴⶼ죬һһұ̷Ůӵ屻Ѫֱը
һĻ֮죬ø޶ȥұ̷ŮӱɱʱҲ
ŲȡԴ˸ӣ˭̲ס˭ͻܵһ
һգƲס̰к𣿡
Ų
ȫžѻȸ޲Ϊ֮
ɽ𻢣ɱӺ
Ųļˣŷģʼרȡ
ৣ
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һӨѩĶбɱ
һ˲Ų͵һΣգԥٿؾ޽٣ȫ֮Ӳ
¡
춯صײ𣬹Ų΢΢һΣбһĨ˵Ĺ⡣
㣬ԭղŵӶݣֻơ
䣬쳹
ڳע⵽֪ʱѰӰٶȳԶ֮ϡ
Ѱ΢΢һЦʸ֮ĵζɲܣֻǸ㻻һ´ˡ
ǵģڹŲĲ˹עĽ㣡
ΣҿǷܻߡ
Ųɱ¶̤ն𣬾һѰ
ֻǣѰٴˣͲӲ
Ųԭ׷ȥɺܿɫһ䣬ء
Ѿһ
ǹֺУһƲɫ˿ϯǡɫݡԲ˼ٶߡ
ɫ˿һˣƿڲ֪ʱڳеİС
ɽȡ
ˣŲɫһӱ䵽£ԥɱȥ
ɰЦһͲӰƮҷŲʧ
һϵжͷѰ֣ٵûȡһǳɡ
޵߶Ӧۻҡ
޵ˣҲһɲҲͬû뵽ߵѰɱһǹ
벶ȸں󣬿ɳ䵱ȸұ̷Ůӣȴ䵱ĹŲһѣﵱ
˭뵽ڻȸ֮ȴıĺ꣬ԭʤŪڹ֮䣬ֻһڵˣ
֮ãڳ˶һĿࡣ
Ǹ
ŲɫˮЩҲסǵһαϷŪ



1710 ڶʳ
š
˶ڰ̾ѰǵСǵ֮֮ǰ˱ܣʵ˹ŲһѣڻϿΪʸ֮ġ
ѰݷڰУŻճɹӹŲУһƷѵ
޵ɫޱȡ
ұ̷Ůӳ֣ŲĿɱҲͬѰã룬Ųһң˳ժһӡ
Ǻ޵ҧо֮ǰĸȫΪѰ˼£̫Ҳɺޡ
һȺ
ŲͬޣֹΪѰǣűߣŭЩͬܡ
ۼѰŮӳ֣ЩͬȻһûӦ޶ۺܣ
ЩǬͥ˽Բ¶߷ߣͷԹŲǼɱ˵Ŀ⡣
ʵҲί
˭뵽Ѱɱһǹ
˭뵽Ǿ󵨵ȵز
һ뵽ʱǻѰСΪʵЩǬͥϾͻۡ
о˺ݺݳһǶ⣡
Ѱֱ̫
һҶˣ˭ҿɱۣ
Ųɫᡣ
ǣ
ЩǬͥ޲ݣͷӦ
ˣŲĳױŭˣȡֻ»
һɬ
ʱ򣬺Ȼһؼ𣺡ǣŲĺôĿðԵֶΣ浱Ǭͥĵ̡
ؼ¶Ȼ½һɳǵĺڳ޲˸
˾ͿһɫԲ̬쳣ӣԶⲽ
׷ѩʣӿʱͥŲ̬
룡
ħͥĴˣһλɫʵľ۴ʥһɱ˲գۣ˫ȾѪȵħͷ
еĶ֣һһҫ
룬㡭
Ųͫһ˵ԡһšỨ𾭡Ӷõħͥһλħۡʶ˵ǧ֮ڣؿʹ֮·ҵһԣǷȵ̺͡
Լɱս⣬簺شɽ֮ͨⷽصķơ
׼ˣ
ĿһĻԭĿɬ޶ʱ¿̵ϣ
û뵽ҵ˽ͦġ
¶һ˿֮ɫЦЦϧҶ˽һȤûС
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Ųɫ᣺ǾͿǷ֪Ѷˡ
벡̬԰׵ĿϷһĨЦ⣬˴Ӳȱ˵ľ򣬿ɾƾ㣬ȴ
˵ţһ
һΧĿ͹类գԻΪģݳһֹĺڰĻ
׷ƮҷǺЦڸУһڰеԶħִ֮ϡ
ѪҺ춳ᣬ£Ȼ˱ܣͲҿƬ򣬿Ųסˡ
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ͣ
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Ųü䷺ɫݽɱƴΡΡקһ̫ɽɱ
һʱ䣬ⷽضֲĵ⽫û
޵˶巢ɫȻ
̫ǿˣ
ǹŲģǻ룬ʩչֶΣ޲ƾף߽棬ǡƴԡ
У뻢ڶʳ̫Σˡ
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ֻܵţƴһܾ˲С
жϡ
ţΪ£˵ǣǻڳˣҲϲðȻȥ
ৣ
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޶ʱĿɿڴڴ𣬸жϣв˳ˣ
Ѱ㣡
ŲķŭĴȡ
ЩǬͥĳҲŭˣһûٻˣ
սĿɲǺ¡
ЦſڣȻѸһء
޴Ѱѵ
Ųɫȡ
ȥԸѰȴ޷Ҳŭ
ֲҵĶҺθɣ
뻰⣬ֻƳһѰͲᡣ
ŲŭЦôоǺʹһģ
벻ΪȻֻ֤飬֪һ硣
̸ʱأڽ֣սҡ
ɱ
УЩǬͥ˶Ѷ֣ȥΧѰ
֮ǰΪѰڶʳ飬ǱŲĹѪͷĻҵ
¡
ʱѰѳɹץסһ͵һչһڴԨŲΧһǬͥˡ
һͳԶȥЦλĳͲ߶λˡ
Ųɫˮҧѡ
Ц´ҿǺһ棬ʱҿɲˡ
ԶԶأѰӰʧҲ֪ûС
룬
Ųһǻŭ޴йìͷָ롣
䣡
ȫɱ緢ŭ
ЦЦʼնһƵӣĹȴ˿Ѷá
Ⱥ۽
ѰλڶʳΰȻȥ𾪣˼޺Ͳˬ
޵ˣƵöѪ
ԭժӵıӦǲŶԣڣȴԹߣֻѰ룬Ե
ζ̫ˣ
ְ
أһɳдһ˿شԵ
ţؼ׵ĽŲһϮۣӰգһѾ޴˵սƿն
䣡
һִ͵شѩսնڼսĻ͹Ųġ
һսʹ죡
Ц
ŲòƿڴŮʲôʱƫƫʱֱ
ʼƵĻ룬Ҳݺݳ鴤һ£ҲΪͷۡ
棬ˡ
ҪȴһȥԵͣõòȽС
ڣսȼ˭˭ӣ
һ仰©쳹ȫս޲Ŀ


1711 ɽ
䣡
տɲ룬һսԵޱᣬյɱ󿪴ϣȵùŲĺͻһʱԳ
Ҳˡ
ﲻɣ
ɱ
һƥľ棬ΪյĵִϡͿıˡ
Զû뿪ѰЦԷǣŮˡͰ
£˵ض̫󣬽ʱУֻ»иǿ߸Ҫ𣿡
Աߵİʵ
߰ɡ
Ѱһϡ
֮ǰܹڶʳǹ䲻пɳ֮һˣвֹйŲģл롢ա
ʱȥԵɺܲǡ
ಣಣ
˺ɣȥ
ǺָɱսѰǰᡣ
һ·ϣѰȡ֮Уٶ۳һơ
Ҳ˵Ķϣӵа˵ƣֻһβɱ䣡
ٹ죬ͱ뿪أǰʱվ͸ýˡ
ڵب񣬻ܹ̽Ѱȫܣֻ֪ԽԽǿɲ͹죬ɰ
ǰҲ˵УһϵĹʵ⣬̷һţɵֵϰޣ
ѰȻϾĴ
ȻģΪʱ˻Եɺ֮£õһţ˵ڡɫУȡ֮Ϊϣġ
ɫ
Ѱһ
鹭ȱԣĴľᡢɣľ࣬Եڻ籾ԴȻڻ籾Դĵơ
УֻҪľġԪѼȫԻϢɫǻɳ̫һˮһ籾Դ磡
ʱ籾ԴڣԵ۵Ųɹá
ڵ۾ʱ˭ƿһ籾Դ˭ӵ˲򡰻編򡱵ĵ̣Զ۾ɱȣ
Ȼ۾ѰԣңԶǰѼһЩԺıȻá
磬ѰϣһɣıԴ֮
ȱ׿˵ɫʱɽɣıԴ֮УԺµġԪ
ֻǣѰȴû뵽Уɫ۾ﶼĶĹ屦
ʱҺһж
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Ϊֹ߰λ۴ʥˣ޲ǱٻΪҽ𡣡
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ЩݽɫûĴʱкٵ棬նٻƾˡ
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ЗսսУ
ͬʱѰҲע⵽һλϣ̬͵սУִһѪɫǰС
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Ѱ֮ǰҲȡ˲ƷǺ⡰ƪ¡ȣȫө֮⣬޷ԡ
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ȻǸԶбֻ̣Щɫ̫ԵͿ£ǰʱܵ˼ĸš
񣬶һزܿɽ
ңԽǿǰܵĳԽֲҲϾˣֻƴȫǰ塣

𵴣кһͷɫݴѰɱ
ǿֲĻŰз֮
ˡ
Ѱͷܻ̬֣һתͽһйɵ丵βʣ
ɫݷУƲΣգɲӦ죬һѹ붦ڡ
һϵжҲһգ۵飬ʼգޱȣ
⡭
Уԭ㿴ѰϷǿߣ޲ɴ۾һľ㵡
ţ
ѩսҲע⵽һĻ޲ɫ΢䣬ѰͷһƵĵ𣬷ͬѰ



1712 ɫͭ
еĻȻԾԼΧͶĴĿ⣬Ѱ޶á
ǰС
ɽǰǧ֮أڣϼתʥ쳣
УԻûƪ¡Ϊۡ
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汻桱ΪضУȻǾ۴ʥޱرΪ̣Ҳâ
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һΣѩսе˽ʶؽйע
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ѩսеɫˣгرŸҶżΣճɽ
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Ѱȴһ谭ԱݿĨԵ֮
ɶ񣡡
ܲƽ⣬Ŀ˸â
Щˡ
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ˣֱӶˣ޷̱ѰԽ
䣡
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ѩսǼˣжȻ½͵ʴף֣˭Ҳû뵽ġ
ͬѰչ¶ս֮ǿҲǾ衣
ԶսһǿߣҲ޲ĲѰ̫ǿˣһλܹնɱിľˣ
С飬ҵòҲ룡
½ҧŭ
䣡
ٶȳ֣һѩ׵ͭӲӷ⣬͵سԶѰХȥ
̫
һĹűŴ˱ʮǧ֮أһɽӣײǬ

зӶһѣ㽫̫ɣһѺۣѡ
½ŭԼ۾
̫һʥ󣬿ھһ֮оˣ
ɱ㡣
Ѱ俪ڡ
˵ʱɿǰС
ǧɾѣһ·ǰУܿͿǵɽ
½ɫ粻Ҫ֣ȻһɱӰ֡
ͷȻͿԶطһȹŮ䶢üɱ⡣
ٿ⸽򣬲ֲ֪Ŷǿߣֲ֪ж㿴Ц
½侲ǿ԰סĵĲʡ
ͬʱڷǰеѩȻֹͣŲ𲻶һ̾
ûлˡ
̫
ܿ죬սеһҲֹɫ粻
˿̵ѰһԶԶ˦ںߣٱ׷ϡ
ȥŬҲעֻͽ͡
ߣ˵ǿߺܹ࣬һΣҵҪܷ񱣵ס˱
սߣ쳹С
һ仰ȴһ
ƥѰܶǡƪ¡Ŀ֮£˭Яȥ
һʱ䣬ֹѩǣһֱڸйǿߣҲ˼졣
ãЩһɱ˶ᱦ˼
пһ
ৣ
ԶѰ׾ٵϵɽ
ڣϼתֲޱߵĻϢһһѹ⡣
һƪ·⣬ʥƵϢ
ѰһȡһĪʱȻע⵽Աһʯǰһȱͭ飬һ֣ϸע⵽Ĵڡ
ֻͭȭͷСںģۣܲɵѰĿ⿴ȥȴһӾͱܵһĲãϢ
̽һץȡйĦ˭룬ں۵ͭ飬ǳޱȣ
ѰһתŽͭУֻȴԵΪ
Ѱ𵴣¶˼֮ɫֱһ̫ɽƵģص޷
Ǻ
ѰֳһʶиӦ
䣡
һ˲Ժиֳһ׵Ļ桪
һȼյ¯ؼ䣬¯Ͻȼգܻ糱ˮĵ۵
񷶼类ٻеǿֲȺ
գԴ¯ŵ۱Իأ
һ翵𣬲֪Ӻζ
󡪡
¯Уٿһ񽣣֮ʢʮأһ֣ǣƣ쳹Ĵ
ţһսìһյͭơһս졢һöӡһƿһСһ̡һ񵶡һһ¯ӳ
ÿһɢо֮ѹȵⷽضݡ١
漴һƽٽ٣ҪɱżԿƿı
Ѱͣ٣ð
һǽٵĺƽ٣̫ߺͿֲ޷Ŀ¡
ѰֻԺ˵һǰֱðǡ
֮ǰԺ棬ȫ˲ֳһЩһЩ顣
Ѱ亹͸ٿһͭʱĿѾױˡ
˭뵽ں۵ͭ飬һƳż۱¯


1713 սʮ
һ¯һƳż۱
ⱾԵò˼飬֮˶һ¯кεܣܹ쵽һ
ڣһںͭ飬¯һƬޱȣ
ͬʱѰҲףԭСأʵһ¯
ֲĸ֡桱ʵһ¯Ĳ֣΢֮
ġͬҲһ¯һɱܹԸֱƺƷã
ͨЩѰˡ
޿ɣܾúܾǰһ¯ȻĳƻһءΪ޵еġء
һٱ¯Ƴľż۱أܵһƽ֮ǷӴ
Ӵż۱ȥ
Ѱһɻ
֮棬ֲ಻Ϊ֪ܺͽɣܹŵصһ࣬ҲԵɺϵĽѡ
еĺɫͭ𣬷ڡ
һ¯ޱȣԺá
ûٳɣѰĿ⿴һƪ¡
ڴ˿̣Զ˵ĿҲѰϣÿ˽ɫ죬˼һ
Ѱˣֽ̽һɻƪ¡ȡ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ټĵɽȻݣʯ飬ɢЩɫݵ棬Ҳ֮һա
ˣ
һ
ɱ
սС½ȾǺԥڵһʱԶѰ
¡
һʱ䣬ﶯػңɲɱ֮ǡ
ս֮죬ǸѰκһ˿Ļᣡ
Ѱұ֤ΪΪ㣡
սеһսĴѪᣬѪ죬ɱڣ̬
˵ʱһ˷컭ꪣкգǧش˳ɱ

ѰУ֮ӲײɽֲĲ
ûᱦΪĳۣ
Ѱ䡣
۸ˣΣ
սޱ飬Ӷ컭ꪣ¸۳ɱֶμԵ͸͡
նңʮƱ
Ǻǡ
ѰЦˣֻЦݷ䣬һƷζ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôζ
ת޾ɾ⣬ִԨһ
кɨһϯ
Ԫһն
ս嶼ɣ컭ꪶֶɡ
ڱѪȻһÿµ
֪һԸݺǿչŵϣ֮ͬҲӺһš
Ҳϲǿմʥʮλ
ڣӲУҲ֮ǰ½һһˣ
⣬Ҳҽ۸ңһ嶼ϲţ𣿡
ѰЦڷ޵֮ơ
ɱ
½λɱˣӲͬлѰ
һʱ䣬⽻糱εء
ЩɫһǾ۴ʥԶһĺݽɫֹҵǿһһ
һлΧɱǵƣκͬ
ѰɫҲء
ҵȫԸھ¯תһѪһͷͷڡ
㱼䣬˶о˿̵ѰһڴԨӰɵء
¡
ض񱬿°ط
Ѱ̤ݺأ˸ն˫УŰǽԪսʮУ
µǣһʱ䣬ѹסơ
ò˶ɫ䡣
֮ǰǶֻ˵Ѱɱി飬ҲĿλ½սеġ
˭û뵽Χľ£Ѱܹչ¶ǿ̬
ȫǵϣ
ڸԶһЩսҲ𺧲ѣĿࡣ
Ѱδ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ǴӹŻǵȵط߳ģҲ̫ʵˡ
еնɱിĽɫĿѰ֮

һЩԭˮǿߣˣʱ㵽ȶԾУǼֱûʲô
һЩ˴ΪѰѱΧڻܳףʵѲΪ塣
нƣȴѰĴԹۣ淢ΣʱٶҲ١
һ˼⣬Ӧ
Ҳ֪ʱȥܹΪѰֵһЩѹ
ͬģһԼܵΧմΪѰ׸
ʱƣ
¡
սˣؼ䣬ѱʢӿĵûֲķɢֲֳ
ѰҲڸܵ˼ѹ
εĶ֣ÿһԷǱѰһһĻžŽһһ
ɵһӵϣͲһˡ
ɱ
½սȫԺޱѰΪҪɱ䱦
ǿɶѰϲֹһܻƪ¡һз
飡
ûãѰվǸˣһ˺ѪŽ׹֡
Ȼգۼ䣬ƾͱָɴҲԿһһԶɱε֮ҡ
ҲѰ̤۴ʥ񣬵һĴգҲǵһθˣ
ˣսС½ǾᵽѪȵ㣬Ϳɲˡ
ңʱƣսֵǿĿҲڲӣѰɵѹҲԽԽ
Ȼȴ£ѰҲȻ壡
Ԩȼŷ۽ս⣬һתƵǰز
Ŵ޾ɾģǶսʥ֮ŭ㼫©ȵȴ߷ط
¡
Ѱһһ䣬ڼǣƣȫʳʢԣͬһǵصĴԨкơ
ӰԾ˫
ЩΧ޲ԾеĲһž۴ʥĳΪѣǿȵزԺɳǻ˵ã
ȻǿմʥǰʮĽɫҲӵȵˣ
ৣ
һƵĽ⣬ӼԶƾɱ½ѹ֮ơ
ڽ⣡
һֱԶԶͥѩһҲˣɣӰ翣һ֣һ

Ѱ䵲סһȴɨУϱ˺һѪܵ˺ۣɫҲò԰ס
ѰĿ䣬Ƴһѩɫ
ɱ
½սе˳ô˻ᣬͿֲ
Զս߽ԶѰ᧿Σȥ
ҲӪȵ׼ģԼԼһ«ͼ֡
ۣ
УѰһӡУӰģпѪ

ץס½¶ɫӽɱ
ɾڴʱѰ¶һĨڽȣĿ綢һͷƵģζ
ţ
½һͻĪеһļ¡
ڴʱѰ͵Уһ֬ƿ֣ƾȻ籡ʮؽ
ÿһؽһǧɡ
ʮؽһǡһǵض



1714 ɱ
˲ѣĽͽ½Ӱû
ۣ
Ѫܵ٣ܼĽ飬Ԫѣͻͽ
ŽӿɢһЩǿ߽ɫ䣬þһֶεֵܣûб
¡
Ƭգֳһִľ
ʮؽ
ƿӳ֮һǵɱֲ֮˵½ڳκһλ۴ʥҲɡ
š
һ̣ЩΧѰǿ߽Ա
½һλѪսĴѪᣬ䱻ǵѪȵһĻ˭ܲ
ԶսҲ޲ѵ̿ˮ
̫ˣ
ǱΪѰذܣȥһתۣѰַֻ죬ɱУ
аɿҵˣһпвٵء
½һԭΧľ类˺ѿһӣѰץסᣬһŲƣҪս֡
ৣ
ȴһͻأ֣赲Ѱǰ·بգù
ѩ
ӰŮӣżµֱ侲ѩľӦҲԶ˵Ŀ졣
һѰ֮Ӳһƿ
ܵ赲ʱʧȥսֵĻᣬٶȱΧ
Ѱ䡣
ϴκġٶսʱŮ˺һ֣ټһС
һΣֽӶԼѰҲӿŨҵɱ
ŮУ°ӣǿչŵ֮ϣ֪ٿ֮͵طš
ɶѰԣŮǵˡ
ǵˣѲŮֻ
¡
ʱսˣĿ½֮ڳ˽ٲ˿һɫأѰǰС
ҲʤѰƾһսչֳƣǿչŵϣƱػһȻ󲨣䶯ķ
Ͼܹһж£أܹһǿմʥϵľսڣѾ˸񣬺֮
ɾǿվûǳ޷гںϡ
Ѱͷ
սʱͷ£򵽣֮վ֮ʺԼҲվ֮ǰ㣬ԼһǱȫӡ
䣡
뵽⣬ѰȻһ䡣
˵֮ǰһڴԨؼ䣬ﲻ̣Եޱߡ
ô˿̵绯ؼΨһһں¯㲻֮ϣŵ䷨ơ
⣬Ǵ¯
ѰݾѰһк͵
ˣ
սСѩ˽Щš
ѵǴĵ̣
Ҳ̫˼
ʱѰγڸܵ塢һΩΩһ
Լ츳Ԩ񷣬ҲϤУõսõһͷš
䣡
ʱ䣬ָԪһնһȭ̫ű䡭
޲ڴ¯еõǰͷš
ۣ
ûã˳ܲסѰһָϣϵļжһӣ˿ڱѪƺߡ
ĺ
˭ţΧ֮µѰǵûбѹס棬ʼתƣ
Զսˣһ𾪱顣
Ϊû˵Ѱ֣ŻǴ˿̸е𺳡
ڸȷѰչ¶սĵڣ
飡
ܿ죬ϯһսìն顣
ֳսìһ̬۾Ľӣܵȳ󶼱ϣҽС
ܼʱһҪ
λٲõƣӿɾҪˣ
սɫȡ
δ£ȼһɫͭӣһΡ

һۻ쳹ʵʵɫѰ
ǣɫУֳһƵĹϵģӲӷ⣬Ϣֲĺ
սӣ
սһűе۾ֳִ˱һҡɢ֮ɽԻҷ
һ˲ѰҲܵǰֱðǣ¶֮ɫԥ
ˡ
Ʈһ⣬ɫײһ
춯ذĺУս͵һ
սܷɣ͵һѪɫɷף֮ɫ
ս֮εȿֲȴȫѹˣ
ڳҲ޲ɫ䡣

ԶطŸոյִļǬͽ޿һʱϳѰеĴ

Աߣſս¶һĨɫҲ֪Щʲô
սУѰһ֣׷һٽսлɱɾڴʱͷظһĨ⡣
ৣ
ǳڱܣӰŲƱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬գһɫǵĿӰ֣һ
ɳ࣡
һ˲Ѱϳꡣ
һҸе⡣
ɳһ˿Ȼ
Ϣɬ죬ϢسֳУսеͷݺһܵһּȵΣոо
ıɣҲҺ⡣
Ѱߡ
𣬿ϧӲˡ
ɳ򴽣Ц䡣
̸ʱӰٿȻʧһ̾ͳѰǰѰʺٶ֮죬ж֮ܣϡ
ѰаǽֵɹǣɳӰһΣٶʧϢ޷
Ѱ͵һ
ৣ
һâէ֣Ѱ֮˺ѡ
Ҳ˵ղѰܼʱһܽ˺ѣһնΪ
ɳӰٶʧ
ǵӰȥٵսطڳ޲
¡
Ѱ͵תȫ¯ɢʮ
Ǻǣסġ
ɳƮ
ӰϢһγѰɱ
Եúܹ죡
֪ѰƸǣ֮ؽԳɳȴƸӰ졣
˭һֻ֣¶ֲȫǷʤ
ৣ
ƾսľͱܣѰӰһܣ֮յرܿһֻɫѱ١
ȹսֶΣҲǵһ
λ𣿡
ɳڳ
ɱ
սеĿ˸ԥˣɳ˭ǶһĿɱѰ
Σˡ
ԶӰŵ㿪ڡ
ǲҲöˣ
ǬЩ಻סˣ޷Ѱϵıﱻ˹Ϸ֡
Ҫ˵ʲôȻȻ̧ͷȥ
ৣ
ͼһ磬ٿȻն𣬳սУһȹŮӡ
Ȼǰ
Ѱߣߣ
䣡
ͬʱһУһɫըĺƬضû
˵Ŀ⣬ʶ赲ʲô
ںеѩսеˣҲ׹ڰʶ͸Ӧȫʧȥá
ɫ䣬֣䱸
ĺɢʱѾûѰͰӰӣһ˿ۼû£ƾƵġ
һʱ䣬ѻȸɫޱ



1715 ʹ
Ѱˣ
˭û뵽Ⱦ£Ѱ˵Ļᣬ޷ܡ
ɶ񣡡
սɫŤ۾졣
ǵĽϣԭ϶ԸѰһˣԵúܶȥĻӰ쵽ǵ
񵹺ã֣ûѰֱܴ裡
ɫҲܲÿ
ϸ㣬һսУѰˣʵٲȻӮҡ
Ƕһܻƪ¡ȺΧ֮´ɱѪս崿Ѫ½
ǹؼʱɳؿµֽ֮ǰΧͱתͷ̣
һݽɫԺƱҪΪĸ󻼰
̾з¡
ǿչŵϵĺˣڶսɱʱɵ͹˼ɡ
ѰڴУ
ǬͥിѪս½ÿһżµıǿչŵϣ˭׵
ǶѰɱˣ
κĲͼɵ
ߣǾܻŴ߳
ɳ仰Ӱͻһƻɬӳʧ
һӦ
ȷѰչֳκ˼ɵͬģҲѱ֪ǿ߶ϣ
Ϊ˶ᱦΪ˸Ī棬ѰҪѣ
ѩԾĬƬ̣תȥ
Ӱ翣ɣʼԵúƽȴԼѾѰ׽
̫⣬ѰеƣγûУ
أǿ½뿪
ˡ
Ǭͷʧ䣬Ȼѡ
ֻҪڣԺеǻᡣ
ԱߣſЦЦɫƽͣҵǸ棬ѾкܾòֵչڴˣҲ棬һѰӡ
չڣ
Ǭͽ޿һ
ǿչŵϣĿȻͥʮս塣
ĺڰУһЩ˿ֲ
չڣ֮һ
һߺڰеĹҲһ޵ŷɥɱ֯
˻֪չڵֻ֣Ҫʹͽ֮ȴ˲֪
֮ɱ֮£֮Ϊʹͽ
ʮǰϹʱʹͽ֮ν˸ǿգ죬˿¡
ǶϵǿߣʲôݣǺεΪ޷ɱ
УʹͽУɱĵ۾ڣ
ЩһٹءսµʹͽԺڰеչڡ
˵ڵ۵սĻչѾݿ𣿡
޿̲סʡ
ֻǴţչȷֲںڰе棬ǰ׵ر
տȻƿڡ
ս壬Ĺż˽չںʹߵš
ţǿպڰеͷ֮һ
ڴڣһ֮񡱣ϱе֣űɱĶ
ܺ棬Ѱ֣ǷҲѱ롰֮񡱣
ô˵ղٹļһһλʹˣ
ǬԾ
Ե弧ϣȻҲʹߡɱֵĿɲ
Ȼˡ
룬˵ʹһ£ҲͥʮսЩȻɺȻѰڴС
޿̲סʣһŻ߳ļһܵչڣ
ʹɱˣ֮ʲôɣ֮˭Ѱ֪
ʱǿ߱ʹߴɱʱ֪Լôˡ
ΣѰ۱˭ɱҶںеķ־ڱصá
㵭Ȼ
ԴУ͸żᶨơ

һ죬Ѱһ˴սȺ۵ϢֶߣѸд
һʱ䣬֪𾪵ĻȻ
ǰãѰնɱിʱֳ˼Ķ½УԵ̫ˡ
˲˼ǣȻһǿմʥϵľ۴ʥһ֣ûܽѰɱոӵˣ
ʲôкˣ
ˣ
ͬʱչڡʹߵһЩϢҲʼɢɳĳ֣ʼǿļº;衣
ҲֻΪѰʹ߶ϣɣ
ʱѰͰһݷһɽ

Ѱһ̷ҩһ˵οɶлˡ
ǿһģԵͬͬ
˵ţѳ𣬡ͰĺúõϢɣΪ㻤
Ѱ˵ͷ
δսȺۣоյȴҲĴѱٿݽߡ
ʥΪǲ
һսѰҲʶþսˡ
һһ£ȻκˣһԶʱ򣬾Կʼˡ
Ϊ޷ͻƣ´Χֻ޷ѹһж֣
ʥУҿɳ޵УʥУҲǣ
Ѱһʼרתׯϡ
ԶĬĬѰӰһսѰҲһ
Ҳһ¡
ǿߣµ̫ǿֻûж֣
ȷܴ˴ɱĥ£ѰǱͲѷɫڵκͬۺ̣Ժעøǿ

ѰӴ
ĬĬ֪ΪԾ˲٣ֻҪʥڣвСĲࡣ
ҴƲɳӦһżصһзн˸Ųơ
Ѱڣһֱ˼⡣
ؼǣԱܿһʶӦӶԵƮʤ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ϸ䵱ʱսϸڣԣǿģȴΪغƮġ
зǻ۰Ĺ󣺡ȻǣռãҲζţɳԿռƿأһּµĵز
˶٣Ŀ⿴ѰԸְ취һΪǽռһ
ѰһҲ˼⣬Ѿж
еĴޱۺͼ̣Ҳ޵ڲʱһЩ
Ѱ˵Ҳֻ򵽿ռһЩƤëһŲСĲ࣬Ҵ㽫ķΪϡ
Цǵ˵ժһңԵֵޣ
Ѱһ
ٹ죬ؾͻһֳźͷӡ״̬Уʱǰ뿪ȥѰһ
ѰͷӦ
ֻΧ컯ͻԵֲ
һ£һ˿ڴ֣ôʱ䣬һƪ¡кε
Ѱһ׹ʹӦ
ˡ
һӣһӿ֣ܻһƪ£ʥϢİɽԡ
Լ䣬һƵĵ쳹֮
޿ɣһ̫Ѱˣ
ͬʱѰм


1716 ڰͷ
ಣ
о񼢿͵Ķǣһ֣ͳһУӨѩıɢ˵Ļɬѡ
ۿɼһ㱻
ڶб棬˾ޱȵı仯
һһƽıƸ֣ڶڰΣ֡
ѰͰ۾ֱˡ
ɱٶ̫ۣԭӵаƣɶ̶̼ѣѶƣ
ңɱ仹ڳš
ˡ
еԽԽɢĻɬϢҲԽԽŨңϸܻԪִеĵͼӳл˹ɢصϢ
İĶѨ˿ǲӲԣʥıӯ
ϲţһɱ侹ֳܳĪ
˱Ǻε
ˡ
ͬʱѰҲ޷ƽѳΪıʥ˿̶еÿһɱ䣬˺ֵسУ⣬ϲ𺳡
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ɹų泲·ֻǡԪڡ֪ܿ
ܰɣһ·أһ˿ɸûߵ
УŸսԴؾ˭Բȥš
ЩԪڵĴɫ䶼ЩΪȻ
Ӽͷ󺹣ǸһһŮͲǵ֮ңɹų泲еĳӣƿغͼԦڳɱ
гֶݵļžЩŮ¶֮ɫ
֪ǿչŵϣԪڻ޷ͥʮսᲢۡ
һϣȴǼĸܹ
ڣ˷飬˭ܲԾ
ˡ
һ糱˻ٿȻԶ
ЩԪڴ˽ɫ䣬׺Ϊλᾪųģˡ


1720 
ǵصĳ泱ϯ飬ɢϢ˲
֣
ЩԪڴ˾ûɳ޲ʶȫ
̫ˣ
óľ֮ɻӲ˾㤵һĻ
¡
ǸԼת
ԶСˣɫһ֣ɱǡ
ˡ
泱ӿɫ˳Хȥ
䣬ЩԪڴ˲ˣֻʣһزĹǺѪ궼һգ
ѰͰһ
Щɱ֮ǿǵЩ޵пɲʥȴܲסǵϮ
ţСЩ׶ĳɢѰͰǰһʵŻǰ
ͨԴؾڡ
˿ɱۣ
С´Щ糱ˮƵĶԸ
ƣСһڿɱˡ
٩һ䡣
ѰһЦʵҲͦΪСģСһο˴󹦣
ûе飬һһŻڡ

ˡ
綷תƣǰҰȻá

¶֮ɫҰУһƬޱ߼ʵһ֣Ũңۺ쾧Өϼ⡣
֮زز仪жƢ㡣
һ峺ϪһУ˵ǣ峺ϪˮŨ۶ɣ
̫ʢˣһ˲õ𸣵أ
ѰҲԾؾڣɽҰ֮⣬һЩҡľԼ䲻֮
ңؼĴϢȻ糱תݣһֽߣֿɵõĸо
У֮أżһһһ֮ڣһ鴫
˵ţһ֦ϸӦ
Ƭ̺Ȼ̧ͷǱߣߡ
һ·ǰһֺֻȪˮУĶŨĴĿƮƮɡ
ϸÿһԸԾ֦Ҷ̣̳һ㣬ɫϼޱȡ
ϧǲֻѰֲԶʤһЩ
վס
ȻǰӰһƲΪһӣĿ⿪֮䣬â䣬ˡ
ϸӦЩһǾ۴ʥ
ѰͰɫƽ֡
֮ǰڽ˵ʱһȺ޵ػؾǰȻ˽
νģ
ͱˣ絶ɨѰͰ
ⷴѰЩˡ
ȻԷ֪ݡ
Ҳ²ⲻӦǴڽ֮棬ʶ֪ݡ
Ѱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ڷɺ֮ʱ˽ڲֹһ
Ȼ߽ġ
Ѱڵ
ɫһֱǾ߻ȥߣ
䣡
Ѱ͵̤ǰһư
÷ϻ
ְԵֱӵɣӱŭԥҲһưҶȫ
һ̣˾ͱһѹڵء
䣡
ضһ£ҡҷӢͷס
ƾͣҲͼռ˵أͽв֪ɣ
ѰȻڡ
ӵͬһŭˣһ֡
飡
һѰɴ䣬Щǿһһѹڵϡ
ʼգһֱЦš
ЩΪΪ۴ʥͿ޷ˣҲി½ôģ
˭
ɫǺȻѡ
赭д֮䣬ͽһһѹʶߵһ壡
ɴԴҲûǿչŵϺʱһžˡ
̫İˡ
˭Ҫ𣿡
Ѱɱӿ
ע⵽һĻ嶼ѣԪڴˣղֻһᣬѺ
Ԫڣ
Ѱü
ӵæͷ
Ǹû˵
Ѱҡҡͷ
һ仰ӵ˶һǿչŵϵ޵ߣĿû˵Ԫڣ
һ϶װģװͿ
ǻԩѰѰԲȥ͡
һ𣬲ú˵һʬ塣
·ʤ
Ѱ㹻ǿ³עҲˡ
ûе飬ѰͰǰ
һյʱ
ǰҰȻɽҰһֲˣһƬɫƽԭ֡
תϼʣضԡһʥϢС

Ŀⷢ
ƽԭλãһƵĹ֦ɡǣգɴִ
һϼƮͬһһʺ磬һһǺӣʥޱȡ
Ŀ̺һϢһ̷¶ë׶ſ̩
ѰҲе𺳡
طֱ紫˵ƵĲʵ̫λúʥˡ
˲ԼͬǰУܿͿһʵģ
ԾޱȣϵһƵģֳһĹ͸ӨҶƬӨӨģϼ
ԽǿоСΪ̫ߴˣſصļ

³֣֦ϵĹʵͬһһ̫貣͸̵Ҷ¶
ǹŵ⣬γһεֹй¶ɿлһƷ㣬˵꣬
ң
ȭͷСӨΣʥãеĳϼеѩеӨӨ
еתϼƮǧԣ
ѰͰס񼣣˭ţϻ䱦
ԣ
͵أѰֳԾѣ䣬ײ
ϼԸǣʢѤá
ϸĻȴһ߾߹ǺѻڵأеΣеȺ
ЩǺϼڵȫϵ޷
Ҳһ飬ѹ
ЩòᶼǰѰңȴڴ˵ǿ߰ɣ
Ѱڣɫأ
Խǲ˼Ĵ컯ԽŲԤĴգղųǵʥջľУ˴˵صգǿɼѡ
Ӧˡ
һ۲죬ЩǺԱļûˣ޲űʴϢѾá
ţ
һѲߵʱʱסɿ촫֣
Ѱ߹ȥ˳ŰĿ⿴ȥͼһײȻӰ
һŽӣһ٣һϮ۵ŮӣԼһò꣬һͷ׷µˡ
ǽպϣϢޣžɮ붨ƵģԵޱ֡
ڲԶһľϱԹŵ׭һּ
Σ
ˣء
Ѱһ˼Ǻ⣿Īǲʲô
ԱߵİƲ²⵽ʲôὫһ䱮𣬲˼һĻˡ
һƾӨ͸ϴ䣬ӰԡУ



1721 ŭ
һ貵Ĺ⣬£ԼӰԡУʥ֮ɫ
Ѱͫһ
Ȼ̧ͷϸӣܿһƹԴͷ
һңȭͷӳ֦ҶУ͸ӨıһŨԡ
ٿպϣǣϢޣɮ붨㣬ǱŽӵһޡ
ѰüĿ⿴˿ֿ˿Աһľ
Σ
ҿ϶ԼҲ簢ǰһ仰ȻҲһŹֵ䡣
ֻǣһ便Ǻǻ
ѰĿ⿴Ǳײϼ£۰׹ʬ
ЩźǰǷҲ䣿
ţ
أѰע⵽ڲԶһӰȻһƵĴЦ
꣬׷£ͷ̵٣ЦʱҲգηЦ
䣡
һ̣嶼ȼȴƻȻɫ価̹Ȼ䡢һƵ΢Ц
ѣ
Ѱȣѿ߻ħ֮ףһоͽ׷ٻһա
ȴȻ
Ѫ⼡嶼ʼһ绯ɻң
ɲһĻѰзԥ֣Ҫѡ
ֻǣĳһƣȿͱɢһ⡣
գѰ𾪵Ŀע£׷ӻһźɵڵأ
Ϣ΢Цˣ
Ѱɫ𲻶ߴһųϼ۾Өҡ
֮ǰڰ׷ϵһԣһУ
صĴգѵľϡ
Ѱɫޱء
Ӳ˹飬ĵǣ˿̵İҲͰ׷֮ǰ״һģһ
ѰѯССҲҡͷʾ֪
Ѱȥϸ򡢰³С졢񡭡Ҳ޷˵Ȼ
ϹĴ֮һŲ֪ܣب񶼲ܹȫܡ
οϸǣ
ԭѰȥѯһ³鹭޸ƵȱȻһˡ
ȷ˵һ
ৣ
һ̣׷ѿմһġͻһϼѰ˳

һ־ͼУ϶֮棬ֻ֮⣡
ѰĿһ֪һЩʲô
һҲԣһԹΪľķ֮УҲͬˡ
ɿգ
Ѱʡ
ӿȵ侲ֿ˿ԶһһŮ
ѿմ˵ֱε̷˹ҪһĥʵĥкԼ
е˻׹ξУΪ͸ʧ߻ħ
Ʋⲻײźֻ¶ξĥ޷԰ΣӶѶ
һѰһ߰˷֡
Ϊղۼʶǰ׷ѵģ
ô˵ҲΣˣ
Ѱһ
ǾҪ컯ˣͨξĥܹһ컯

Ѱüվ̫Σˣ컯û취ˣ
ҾͲ֪ˡ
ҡͷ
ѰЩʧ
أ£СѣǧɫҸ󡭡
ɫ
ѰһʶɢӸ߿ոʱע⵽Ƭƽԭɫ쵣ࡢ𡢺ڡࡢֹӰ
£Īɫ
뵽⣬Ѱ͵ע⵽ɫ両ֳһĨ֮ɫںĳּµڶԿҪѹ
ƾŬ޼¡
ԿУľ񶼿ʼңȼյס
ã
ѰͫȻ
֮ǰ°׷Ӿ״̬߻ħգѶģ
һҪס㣡
Ѱȣת֮İأ׼
нƣֻǸξȴ޲ߣ
ĸоѰҲ޷ˣӿ˵Īŭ
ৣ
գѰŭĿһ
Ǿ޷̰ʹѵģΪЩǷ˰̫̫࣡
ӻ
Ѱҧ͵̤նĿ㣬һϡ
ʳԴ䣬Ӱ֡˵ף
Ϊ˾Ȱٹ˲׻ȥˣ
ѰϢɽХת͵ȫһȭ
䣡
ֲȭ̺ѰŭХ£Ҳǿ󵽼¡
һȭ
׺ɱ۴ʥһȭȴֻһͱԵ⻯⡣
̫ǷˣſصļɡգԹꡣ
԰ףü価ܣĪʹ࣬嶼΢΢ڡ
ˡ
һҪס
Ѱһһȫݵ¯ȼ
ڷгıơǡŭȫйжС
䣡
Хȭһһرɱնըҡ

֦ҶҡҷתĹһй⣬޷
޷
֪Ѱսɱി½ǵȶ۴ʥڣȴԵǰ
ǡݺ
ҿ
Ѱ۾죬̬񱩵ԶħһڴԨضɫ䡣
һȭű䡢ָ̫Ԫһն
طѰͷţ
ЩѼ˿̰˷ŭ˷˲һС
޷ǣλ꺣ʱǰۡ
޷ǣΪָԽ򣬴ǰ棬һ·ϲսһɱУһѣһն
Ѱ֮Уްһ·ָͰϲ˳صִ
Ƿ̫࣡
˵֪Ӻʱѽ빲ѣ
£Ҫѣ᧿ΣѰ̵ס
ɱ
ϣѰ̬Ȼݺɶ˻Ҳͣ٣
¡¡
նϡ
ѰСǽԪƿ鹭ȵȱҲͷš
ɡ
ͽͣ
ͷųߵĹ򣬻޿ɺıϣƾѰ˿
ɱ
ѰȴƻȻս⡢⡢ŭͷ緢Ļɽһһγ
ǿʯ磡
һˣһ紫˵Կ
ԵǰСȴǰ㲻һС
Ҳ֪ãѰʶʼЩģͷŵսҲ;ƿݵıԵǰδеƣ糱ˮ嶼ľ֮С
ս
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
Ƭؼ䣬صѰŭݰĴ𣬼Ұʮ



1722 ϼ
̤۴ʥѰһ˷ŭ
Ҳǵһ˼ͷţ
ǰδеƣ֮£ľս֮ȴǰ񱩡ʢ
ǲǿӰؼ񹥷Ʋľһ㲻֣
תŹԵ⣬Եǰ飬赲һС
ֱѰʶԵûججһ̾ļ
һΪءվ
Ż֮ȥȻ
Ѱ̧ͷȻ˭
ͫһеȻһɢȥججʶҲָһ˿
ע⵽ϣ֪ʱһĨɫٻӰѤõ֣翵һĨϼ
Ϊ˾
һٴͷ
ѰͷȻ
Ҫˣ
ɫٻӰٴʡ
Ѱû
ʱĻῼʲô
ֲһõһĴУƢ󣬶ƴҲԸ˺һ
ɫӰ̾
˭
Ѱ벻Ҳ롣
ܾǰһһɱˣ˵أܲ˾Ҫʵͳͳߣ˵ɿڵӣһҪûȥеʦֵǶһ
ɫӰд׷䣬Ҳһ˿Ц⡣
գûԸΪؼΨһһĿֲ֪ߵغļһܺġ
뿪ʱ˵ԺһҪһȥˣգʹ졣
ءѰʡ

ɫӰĬã̾һֱڵֱ㣬ͻȻ֣ٲˡ
ڣûбɲգȻûٻ
йأ
Ѱü
޹ء
ɫӰֻ֪ܾǰУֻһŶսʥ
õͳˣǴӲͽġ
䣡
ѰֻԴһ׻Ժиֳһ綷սװΰӰ
ƾ죬ɱ˸ţ
ԭ
Ѱˣһ˿㱡
ɽʦ˵ʮλʦֵУֻһλƿضսʥ
֪ѽ٣ŻὫȴ¡
ɫӰһ˿˺͵ͳ
ѰͻȻҲã´УֻΪ˵棬Ϣˣɿ˶ƶϳ֮£
ɫӰһĬ
ѰĿ⿴¡
ٻӰڣȻɷףգϵȶҡ
Ѱ˿
и֮£Ÿоһ糱ƣ嶼ֳһ֡;ƿݡĸɺ֮С
ղŲһеس֣ʵ̫ˡ
ǡҾٵȥˡ
ãɫӰͨˣһ˿ɣҪȵġ
Сѣ˼ңߢſţժ˾ҪմȾ̫ںЩˡ
ס̷ֻһţҲ档
ԺСлǵø˵Ļšɡ
ɫӰʧˡ
һĨ꣬ǰʧϡ
Ѱһ
ڴʱȻ֣ʶµĵ⣬ҲʧˣûһεĹ
ѰԿȻδκ
Ȼ˿ƣޱȣѰƴһԾ̤һ紫˵
Ĺˣ͸֦Ҷ䣬ӳһһ̫貵ҡ
еĳϼеѩееʝϼ
Ŀ
лǰȫ
Ѱһ
ֻǣȴ˻ӦɫӰˡ
ûٳɣѰԥժһҡ
ͬʱ£һֱպϣɷ׵İʧȥ֧Ű㣬ڵء
ëγѡ
죬ʶʲôƵؿڣһ
ˡ
һЦڶ𣬰̧ͷһˮƵһ֦ϵѰ
ʱԾѣô
ٸͣȽš
ѰЦŽһƵҸյݸ˰콫ɾˡ
ҧӣĵңεȴϻ۵һˣԼµһЩʲô
죬¶һĨĵЦݣֻ˻ӣҾͲˡ
ඣˣ
ѰҲЦˡ
һ̣Ҳɣ޿ݣ
Ѱϣϸ
̫ˣ֦ⷱܣִһݺѵ֮࣬Ҳۻҡ
Ѱƾֱ½ߢ˰˿ңɫ죬Сһǲ֪ǷҲͬˡ
ˣѰһԾٲǹͷһſһۣԵúܸɴ䡣
컯ȷκ޵߷
Ѱ֮ǰŮӶϲ޵ķʸԼǼʱá
ɲΪߢҶմȾʲô
Ѱ޷ע⵽ˣһĨٻӰУĿзһĨο
һֹ֪ˡ
ǻѱļһ϶ʹ˰ֵġ
뵽⣬һȻ

Ĵ
Ѱ˿ԶﻹӰһŽӣһۣٵŮӡ
Ѱɲʲôúˡ
οֱ˿̶û¶κһ˿Σյļ˵׼ܶɹξĥһ컯
ѰȻҲȥֹһС
һԭǿеұԼժˣػǳҪ鷳
С
ѰһȻָٿҵ顣
ԭڣӺͷŮӻʲôʱ
ಣ
СӳʼѰóЯһЩҩʼרĴ޸
Ĭ֦ҶƮԵ⣬һεĹ³ˡ
ʱƣ֪ȥ

ѰӴȣտȻ
ƬУŨޱȵϢҲۺþˣȻֻǴѣȴѰΪԾ٣
ڴ˾һʱ䣬ǲҵֻҲԽҵΪʥо
Ѱип
Ŀ⿴һ࣬ûļ
ڲԶӺͷŮҲͬˣǣܵ
СҸ㡣
ѰóһңݸһֱԱ߾ĻСɾڴʱ䶸
ৣ
һѤƥĽٿȻնѰ
ͻһĻκ˴ֲ̫ˣǽҲͿ¡
ѰҲܣֻӲ
䣡
յסһ˱ɳȥǱѣɫ䣬˹ȥ
֪ʱǱŽӣתо֮ɫԼһĨ޷εĳȺ̰
ҽ㲻ڣ͸Ųɵζ


1723 ڸ
ɱ
ѰŶһ˵ա
ৣ
ƾŲƣһѳץȥò˼顣
ֻǣһУӨѩͻأ
Ԫһն
ңѰޱ
Ϊھ޴˵ȹͷѰҲκء

ײԽֵסһնֻӰҲĵɳȥ
ɫ΢䣬û뵽Ѱսǿᣬϣʲôʱǿչŵֳһ˲õľ۴ʥ
䣡
Ѱϻ巢⣬¸ܵĻᡣ
һ˲߽ʮΣŽϣм䣬˴һն˺ݡ
ۣ
Ƭ̺ӴпѪü両һĨȻ㾿˭
׾
սھ۴ʥУҲǰμĴڣ԰ͬ
ڣȴˣ
ѰһԲ磬ȫԸԵޱͰԵɱˡ
ʵҲΪԾ
֪Ϊоƾеսʮ֮һҡ
£ûɱԷ֪ԷעҲһǿɫ

ȫѹƵɫױŭ
һгһɫ׵ޣɳһݺ˦
ž
ֽ㱻ݺݳ飬ɲɫ׵ܣһѰĶжõɳȥ
һ׵ԷѰʥɱȣֲĻϢʵң
žžž
һ֣緢йŭƵģӱɱָأǧرӰɫױϯ
Ѱԥ
ˡ
ɵתһ⣬Ǭѹķ
ž춯ذײӵĹȫѹеɫױҲޱȣڴǰȫˡ
ӳɫ䣬ױҲУ
Щš
֪ױ޿һ˸رҲɱﵣƾ˱ȥʥа壡
ڣȴһѹơ
ûãѹסվ֧ŲסٶȿѪԥˣӶݡ
ɾڴʱѰ͵ϣĴƿ⡣
䣡
ʮؽܻĽǵذӿû
˵ǿ󣬻ǳѰϣɿͼ͵طһ˻
ͷһֻ׹֣ӨָӡĴ
ֻ׹ĳ
䣡
ĽȻըƮ
ǿֲƣѰһһŵ۵ϢĹ֣ߵܡ
ӳôʱֻѱ˺ѣǧٿףѪܵģޱȡ
˻״ɲҪ
ӲԹ˴ҲӲɱ˵زױŭ
䣡
ֻ׹ӨӨӲӣɬ⣬ϢѰ巢ѹ֡
ŴƮ⣬ǿɲѹֵϢҲ֮ӵֳһա
𣡡
ѰȣɱŨҡ
ɢãϵϣ˵һֳһѹŽδĴơ
ִǰֻ׹ֶݺݽ޷ֹӡĵ۵Ϣѹס
ۣ
ⷴɣһοѪӰվˣ˼飬ŭ˻
ⲻܣаֹ֮ǣܻᱻѹƣ
ѰɲЩһе֣ӰŲƣϯſµѩ׺ն¡
ۣ
屻ѪŽٲƵ
һ֮ɫ
һʼûԼǰһǰû˵İС
ϵһѰС
飡
ʧȥӿƵֻ׹֣ǹعըɫĩƮ
Ѱһӡ۵Ϣʧˣ
Ȼ˱Ļ𣬺ӵйأ
ֻԭѰò²⡣
Ŀ⿴˿ԶİԷδܵţŰһ
ֽĿ⿴ԶķŮӡ
ѰڣǷŮתһؾݣһֶصĶׯϢ
μߣһϮɫۣ˿٣ݼ
һĵۿѰ޵ѺֶΣʱ䣬㽫ǿմʥڶʮλͿۻɱսȥע䶯£ǿ֮ϡ
Ѱʶղӣһλǿմʥǰʮ֮еľ
ֲսԵ㲻ѰȷǱി½ǵȽɫҪǿʢһء
Ѳ֪Ϳۣʮս֮һˮս塯ĵϵᣬ̫ʱġаۡ
ŮӯӯŲӲӹܿġ
Ѱɫƽȴκһ˿
еЩ⡣
ѵɱͿ۽ٵĿºǿǻᱻˮսждԲģ
ϧ֪ѰͲǿչŵϵ޵ߡ
˵Ѱ֪ڻɱͿ۵ʱҲϲκ
ǰˣҲȻˣ
ѰŶһأ˭
ŮƲ³ʲôȻӦǴӾ֮߳⻹š
Ѱûзϡ
÷ŮжһԾ֮أʱӿֳһݽɫ
ƽһڸ裬Ե崾ϡ
崾ϣ
Ѱİȷû˵ǿչŵϾжٵ塣
֪ⴾڸ˭ˡ
ۼѰƽķӦڸĪЩ㱣Щͬ޵߼ԼʱĸĽģ
ɴˣҲ϶ǰ˱Ȼǿչŵ
˼ңѱѶˡ
ڸЩӡ
ȡҵĻޣǰãȻͨξĥҲһ
Ϳۺˡ
Ѱûзϣǰ㾲Ŵڸ衣
ˣػǵѵִˣʹȥ
ڸҲѰԴԼ̬ȺӲ֮ǰͿ۱ɱһĻջǾȥ
ǰ̲סʵѣ֪մ
Ѱ
ѰԼ֡
ڸĬĬһ䣬ȻһЦ֮Ук͵Ļᣬǡ
˵գƮȻȥûٻͷҲû¶κεĳɣǰˡ
ƺʧȥһ컯ԣ㲻ʲôľ޹Ұ
ʼգѰ̬ΣҲû¶κһ˿⣬Ѱе⡣
ˣ
ֱĿʹڸӰʧ֪ϢҲʧԴؾ֮ѰȷԷķˡ
һɽ¶ˮ˿͸ǳŮˡ
Ѱжϡ
ֱⴾڸӦͿҪΣգ


1724 ҿɵʮ깦
£ָ˴ǰ;ס
ѰһսƷͿΪһǿմʥڶʮλľ۴ʥҵ׵Ϊ
һƾõĹűױޡ֮ǿ󣬿ƾжס̢֪εȲ
һɫŽϱʮƣͿ۵ıʥ
ֻǣȱ޵ȴ缦ߣѰֶ鹭䵱ȱ޸ԪĿˡ
ˣͿϻЯвҩ䱦һһĺûɫȫѰΪá
һУѰϥóһңʺϼӨ͸ŹĹ꣬ķƢ
һ̷һ̵ɢȫѰֻ궼һƻȻʣҪ𻯷Ƶġ
ҵ̫ҩͬ޵ߵĽڵϵĸо
ܿ죬ѰͳεС
ϥأɫׯ飬ÿһë׶ӿŵ⣬貶Ŀ
һһ֮䣬ԺֶΣ̩ˮ𲢼á
̫תԨ¡
ҲвϢĲں
ЩѰƿص
ֱѰھɽ֮ɣ
ԶԶȥӰһغ¯תݾܾ£
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ž춯صĺƬض𵴣Ũ糱ˮ˷ڶԴԴϵӿѰڡ
壬޵״Ԩ̰ţš
龰ܾˣ
񷸩ԴؾڣɽҰһֻҡҷɢȫӿѰ֮ء
ǵȰ硢ӿ޵ߵĻͳܲסˡ
ѰȴȻӰ¯˷֮ﲻݣﲻ
ǣѰУһӿֳһֲ˼ĴһεĸС
ԡ

졣
䣡
Ѱڵڴ˿Ȼͻƣһǵϣ˳ʥо
⣬ŹϢ̣ҡϣ˷Ʋ㣬ҡǺ
һУδ
֮Ѱɳǵ״̬У
ֻΪԴ򣬶⣬Դ޾ɾĲ򡭡
Ҳ֮ˮǴߣ


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¯棬ӡ̫｣ʮ˻ȭ춯أХű䣻вãָռ֮
¯ڷ⣬ÿһֵڳֳһԵɱ䣡
ɱ̫
ʮؽܻʮɽÿһɽǧ˰ٵ̫ѻɣ
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ţһȭ֮سױ¯һְأٲֱ˴ˡ
ˣѰת¯ʱܽԾ߱춯ء֮ƣ
űɱ䣬Ϊַţӡ¯ͺһȭһر¯һ֡䡱֮
ν仯
ɴССΣ죬ǱԨ
ű䣬ΪһĽشѰϤͺһȭһΪһ֡
˺ԪһնİأҲˡ¯һ֮֡
ƥ޼᲻ݣ
ԺѰת¯ٿضʩչԪһնʱѿ֮춯֮ƣȻɱȣ
ֻգѰҲûָܹ̫͡İ
̫⣬˷̫ŵһ²ĵ۵Ϸš
ҪѰҲӵе۾Ϊ
ָֻУǣ»ɬĿռ䷨֮ѰԣҲ޷س͸
ɼˣ˴ɱ䣬¯ǵõһƣ̺İغ֮Ҫǿһ࣡
ңѰԺķԽ࣬¯ͰؾͻԽǿ
Ѱӱһ𣬾עǡ£ŽΨ֮Ψһ


Ѱε
峺ɾȪˮȴӳ죬֮
£޳޹鳬Ȼ
ԣӵԶѰľƾ˭ѿǳ
ͽСԨΪ顱شΣ
ѰγǰδеĿ
һ˲֪ɱ䡣
ΪϣǾ۴ʥԲزһ¯ΩΩһ
ΪϣϤΪʥҽһõۻ뾫
һǣԿռصĲԭĳž˵֮
ϣͬҲɱ䡭
ĸһϵеı仯ѰȴδƵ̾һ
Ա˶ԣһҿɵְޣɶҶԣҲֵֻʮްˡ
ѰҲΪԼĵи̫ۺԵʡ
һ˵İޣԼİ޵ȻǲһģԵĸ
Ѱ޲ʡ
˵ܹڶ̶̲ʱ䣬ӵʮ޲ӵеĽѾѰе𺳺;ϲ
ΪԽԽãڵ;Уڴ˾дĸǷۺǿ
еĺڣҲÿһ޵ԺܹȡõĳɾʹС
ʵϸ㣬ѰԶԶʱ̤۴ʥ֮ٶ֮죬ѿǾס
ȻǸǿչŵϣҲԳǾˡ
ȻѰĵ;Ĵһ죬ǡ޵УŽ񡱣
ɱിȽɫҲѴ֮
ѰзһĨţ޵а緶
ֻһԣɳȽɫܵסУ
ϲ֣ҵٽһ
ԱߣһöһϮȹ泯죬Цһ
˿̵ˮģ촽ˮ󣬼ӨףδԼž˵ɣһһЦȻ㵹µķ飬Цʱٳһ𣬲һض
˴˱˴ˡ
ѰЦˣѿ̷һҺҲѷ˵ɱ䡣
˶Цˡ
˴Դؾ֮УջΪˣͬҲѵ뿪ʱ
һ̸˾̡
ԴؾֻżڶԵ֮еһԲὫʱ䶼ķڴˡ
ǰѰȻһ£һìݺݲ´С

ϵǣؾǼޱȣӲѰڶһ飬гìѡ
Ҫʲô
һ
һЩɫȥ
ѰڵЩüû뵽ؾ˼Ӳ
룬ѰֳΣδԸ֮Ӳе˼
ڴʱһƵЦѰͷ


1725 ɽ
ҪҪɫǷɽ˶㲻ô
ΣҲЦ⣬ƸоѰ˾е˵ķ緶
Ѱڨڨѣ뵽ɫӰǳʧˣǽһһ۵ס
ȥɡ
һ̣һȴСʹӵӳ
ɢࡢ𡢰סࡢԣۿɼ㴹䣬ޱȡ
лǰ
ѰһϲæӹֽؽСֻƴСķɣС

ɣҶӷƻ伤ѣǰδеԡ
ѰɣɫС𣬶΢΢񣬱Ͱһ뿪
ղƺں죿
ţһλصǰͷɽеһλʦһЩԨԴ
ԭˣֲ
˵ֻӣ
Լ˵ġ
˽̸ţ紩ɽҰһ֣ӰȥԶ
ۣ֮ƺ֮УɫӰһĨϼ㣬ؿһȥ
Ŵּ̳Ķսʥȴ˭֪
֪Сʦܣһ죬϶Ҳһ̤˸졭
ɫӰ뵽⣬ǲһĨЦ⡣

뿪ԴؾʱȻ㣬Ժ󣬿һҪǰ㲻һˡ
˵ţƵĳѰ˼۾̧ͨһŻ
ȹƮҷӯ翣ǡ˰鶯
ѰЦҡͷҲ̤Żڡ
ˡ
ĺԴؾʹ˳ȥ

ѰǽԴؾǰ󲻹ʮʱ䣬żȴ̫දѪȵ顣
ΪϹĴ֮һżŲ֪ٵĻԵЩһЩԵ֮ظʱʱ̿Ѫͻ
֪жǿ䣬޶
ܹն컯ģվֻһСˡ
ѰͰ߳һƬɹų泲ɭʱһ䶯ţ
ɽϣսȺۼսĻȾ죡
ţɽżоŴص֮һ˭ܵǶ˭ͳɵ۵̣
ÿ£ɽϣ۴ʥ꣡

Ϣһķ
Ƿ籩㣬ϯżֲԵ޵߶
ţϢ
ֳַɽۣ֮ʧؽС
һʱ䣬żˣɽٲȻΪ޵עĽ㡣
ɵ۵̣
컯κʥ﷢񣬸磬ͳ֮Ѫս
Ϊɵۣʵ̫ѣǧ궼ӿֳһλ۾
ӵгɵ۵̣ԺƱؿԻ֤۾Ļᣡ
ֻһᣬʵ򣬾ΪĻᣬֹ˲֪پɾ޵Ĵ·
׼ۡ벽۾֮࣬ǻ˲֪£Ҳ̤۾
ΪΣ
ΪͲһᣡ
ʶ֪ɽϳֵ컯ͳɵ۵йأ֪ĺ䶯ε֮
ѰͰ˵ˣҲݡ
˳ַǶɽĪǵ껡еһ
Ѱһ
ҪҪȥ
ȺۻۣѪɺӣѳΪżĿĵطڹȥĻȻ֮
ѰЩԥ
Ǿ£Ϊжһʧȥ˵ǶɽȻ״
˼ҿһɽֳĶĺͳɵ۵йأʱ򣬶Ϊ飬ۼΪʵ
ѰȻ˻
ɽΪżľ֮һУͱ֪ǿ̽Ѱһû˵˭͹ɵ۵̡
㻳ǼϢѰ㵡
˵
㲻ҲֳַˣѵǶɽһؽС
Ѱһòᣬ˷ųϢҪӵзǿߣǰɽɣ
һ˵ĵҲпܣϾżУ˭ӵз˭͵ڻһ̽Ѱսصĵƣ˭ۺ졣
Ѱӿ𲻺õԤУҲ²⣬ɽϴϢʵһ֣Ϊľӵзǰ
˵⣬ѰһĨȻУҵȥһˣһǷˡ
üһ֣ȴͶ
ѰҡͷҵЩҵĵЩһֳַѣһЩϢǰɽѰǺͳɵ۵йص컯ɾ̫Σˡ
ʱˣһȥһ⡣
ã
չж
ɽλú׾ܴ̽żУǹڴ˵صϢ
λҿ
񿥵һͷӦǴѪɣȴŲһ̤ڵϣۡ
ǸմɽصϢ˵ֳַ͵͵ǶŲһѹ
·;ϣѰע⵽һȺ޵߾£һһ޵ֳһ⻬ɼͭʲô

Ѱһʶɢȥʱע⵽ͭӳһĻ档
һ۵ĹŲģһɽϣɫᣬ̤һͷӲӵ񣬸ۣ۶ϣѪˮʡ
ѰͫС
һ֣
ѰһСŲѹ껡أҲ⣿
ţ
͵أѰһע⵽СԶһضϵ
Ԭ죡
ѰˣԬıֻȴˡ
ѰǵãԬСĹϵΪҪãһѹһ飬µ飡
ѰӿһĨơ
ѸҶ϶ɽνϢȻһ֣ǹҪֳַǰ
ٵˣѰѵȲȥͰһȫٸ·ɽ
꣬СԬ죬껡ˣԺһ𲢼սһھսԡѪɱУһƴŻĻ֮ǡ
ҲһȾƣһ۵һЦ֮
ۼ⣬ܾ裬Ѱܲŭ
Щ˶Ϊĳ˲Ҵɱ䣿
Ѱÿ¡
ɽѩѻããһƬɽܴ󣬰εضۻӣɽããһƬ
Щ˵ѪϣƥĳͻֻΪд˵ɽۣ֮źͳɵ۵йصϻԵ˵طƻۣ֪ǿ߿š
ɽżеɽƾͻεȼңɽȴܵݡ
ֻɽϰããĻѩ඼ѱѪȾɴĿĺ졣
ѰͰƬʱȴ֣ⷢ޵ߴɽķ۷
еĴͷɥеɫеĴԹͺ⡭
һѰ֪ɽϣǱĵͥǬͥѪս塢սֳ׷ֹǿǰ


1726 һȭɱ
ɽεۻ׳ܱ
Ѱܿ˽⵽Ψһһͨɽ֮۵ɽ·
·ϸǽɰĿռۺεΪֻͽʵǡ
λãǶϲܿɽ֮۵ġ
˽ЩѰһ
Ԥһͼǿ߶ϣ껡һټƱػһʱܵ
ɶЩĴ˼ֱ̫ԵˣͼͻᱻɱͲ˻ᡣ
˷ŭѵɧѡ
û˵ֻгз˲ű룬֮ǸϽȥɱЩӹŻǰǿߣҲֻвӵз
ֻҪӵзɲֹܽɽǰһЩ֮Ҳ¡
޵ۡ
ѰĬƽͣûκע⣬Ͱһ𣬼ǰС
Щ˵ۺ϶ɽһ̶Ѩɱ
СԬ죬̤۴ʥ츳侪ˡ
ǣ߶ѣ
ѰĶӿɱΪ˶÷ЩһǲֶΣ
ûãѰԶԶؿһ
ɽ·¶ϣһѵľ񷣬λãɽ֮ۡ
ûзȵɽۣ֮룬͸Ͻ뿪
ɽŷϣһһī̳ۣһͭսì̬侫˵ӡ
֮ǰһ򵱹أᡣ
УŲ޵߻ۣѵõ϶ܲÿ
ͨǽ̸ѰҲ˽⵽⾫Ժĵͥһľ۴ʥ
ЩвǿӲ˵أԱһһɱֶβбѪȣˡ
ģûӲֲ뿪ֻɫȾָԵöˣ
Լ
ǿɫ̲סҪǰӲȴͬסˡ
ûǹ̼㣬Ҫȥ
˻һʱҪӲͷ
ˣƸоģˣˣǣĨɱˣʡû϶ۡ
ˣȥɽۣʦ㣬򡣡
һӰݣԵĺŮˣ˵ͷͭսìɽϣʧ
ز
˳Ծ궯˸ɫ䣬Ȼ뿪УƲٶය
ΪλĺŮҪ׿
ǗսĴѪ壬ɱ飬ɱǰƣ򲻻ᡣ
ɱԣȫ飡
زһ˹ɽǰСԲСüɣһɬŮ
ֻǣȴ˸Һӡ

ڣֻһ֣ȴڳǿɴգתߣٲҶ
Ҳ˲Ը
ۣ
زӰͻأʧһ̣ͳһǿǰ̽ժһѪܵͷ­
ֱزӰطɽǰһͷʬźȻء
꣡
زǿͷ­ըѪˮɽ¶һĨЦݣߣվֻƾ׸Ҫ𣿡
˾ͷƤ飬
̫бˣ
һԲϾɱˣ
ܿ죬ǿȥҶ
ѰĿƽעһУǰȴסǷɽϵ壬ʵһ˶
Ѱһݡ
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ҪǣЩˣɶŲСĳԹ
Ѱ˵һʼɽϵɱ־Ϊ׼ģ
ͷĿԶһѶϵķɽ֮к͡ɵ۵̡ĻԵΪβһЩɫ֣ѩ룿
ˣ˭ܽɽ·
ѰĬƬ̣ɫȻȻһɱ֣֣ǻЩһʧ
ҲҪ¶ڰиɡ
Ѱϡ
һ֪̾ɱǰȴִǰ³çͿ

ֻΪںѰˣ
˵ٴˣɽ·ֻΪֳַ֮˿ţһΣӵд
ز쳹С
˶Ը̣ӵз־ƣ˭ֻˣ
ɾڴʱѰǰȥȻһˣγƽǰֱӳȥ
ţ
Ѱ
찡һﾹˣ
ʱһƬ
һӹŻ߳ˣȴ½ɱി½ˣʱ˭ܲʶ
Ȼˣ
زӿ˵Ĺ⣬һϮ޷Զ졣
һӣһɺĽϻ򿪣ӳһ⡣

ɺȼĽһѪɫ磬̵˶۾
׽գҪٵ䡣
˵޲ɫ䣬һµرԗս壬ɱ졣
Щв֪پ۴ʥ˽һɱ
ȻزҲѰսĿ£һ֣ûӲֱӶǿֶΡ
ѰԹǰУȻ
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һ̣׶񣬰Ե˵һĨͱץС
һסߴߣ
ʲô
زľ⽣ϻеĽһϹ˰ǧ֮ã֮ʢɱ֮ǿɱ۴ʥ
ȴû뵽Ѱһ̧֮䣬ͻˣ
飡
ɺĽѰը飬УѰӰͻأʧһ̣ѳɽǰ
زɫˣҲǾ۴ʥսǷҺѰֺ˶Կ
ԥһԲѪܣǰѪƣĪ⡣
زɽϳȥ
䣡
Ѱɱ¯תһȭѣһƬѪɫƻһ飬ֽ㲻һ
زУĶ̫ˣǶҲһǿʥȴһȭˣ
Ѱսָúεȿ£
㲻ҪôȴҪӣ
䵭ȻѰӰͻأ֣ٶȿò˼飬һȭ
̫ɽݺ¡
ز޿ɱܣ˫ַ⣬ȫֿ
ֻǣѰһȭ̺ƾֲһ˲ͽ˫飬ȭȻк˶ѹݺڼӲޱȵɽ̨ϣѪɽ
ڣ֪ٹͷѣ
һȭ
Զʧ
˶𺳣×սĴѪᣬһλɱ˲գ۵ǿ֣㱻Ѱһȭ˵ϣ
زҽУͷɢԡѪ̨ˡ
飡
Ѱһ̤ز壬֮ȥӰΰħС
ԭأز峹ըѪƮʱȻһСϢɵ


1727 ɱʰ׶Ͽʼ
һȭɱزѪȣȫ
Ѱϸܵһɱ⣬һǿҵԤС
ʲôɵ۵̣ѰںΪɱ˶
ߣȥ
оսҪˣ
˿̣޵߶УѪš
֮ǰزԼԵһ֮ѰĳǽԸе죬³һڶ
ĿѰɱϷ˶ԥȥ˭Ѱĳ֣ƱҪɽһѪȷ磡

һ̤ϷѰʱ͸оռɹ򣬸޷ŲƷɶݡ
ңɽֻɿϣȴԿ֮С
ӿռ䣿
Ѱһߣһᡣ
˭
أ·;𱩺˵ѱɽȥ
Ѱ̽һץ
¡
շ糱ʮһʯһӰСƵץ
ҲһλѪսĺݽɫɶͱ󱬣Ѫк
ѰͷҲأɽ
׷Ѱ޵߼ˣ̫ԵˣսҲ̫˳Ծ
ˣѲ̽ǰСԬڴˣǰ߱Ųѹ߱ѹ
СѰϴղزһЩл꣬ѲһЩмֵϢ
ǲδɱ˵Ҫǵв־ܡ
Ѱô˵ǹȻڴ˲֣ң
СͷֽһЩϢ֮Ѱ
ɽۣ֮ǿԺĵͥǬͥѪս塢սȴ
ڴ˲ֱ֣ӵĿľΪɱѰ
ЩǿУսСŲġٵȵѰϤ֣ҲһЩİġ
ٶǾ۴ʥеĶҫνǿ֣һۣҲκ޵ߵ
ˣزУʱ򣬵ȷֳַɽۣһƬؽһֹһ
Сɿ͹ŲͬеһЩǿߣƾСжõķɱһƬؽ
ˡ
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ţѰ㡭
һ͵һԥҪɽۡ
ʶ˲ҪȥϢ
ۣ
ٿȻӳһһ˫ȱն䣬ѪˮУϰݺɽϣƺʹ
ɽɽһ򵱹أȺ⳰ƣҲ˸֮Կ
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ѪȵһĻ׷ѰߵЩ޵ߣһȻѰƺȴҪ£
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һȺŮۣϯضѩ裬̸ޱȡ
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֪ǲ´˾֣Ѱȥ
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ǵʶ֪УԿһѪȡпĻ棬Ƕ׻ɴ۾
Ĺɽϣһ°ɫʰ׶ϣɽѰĵˣ̬
һһʯϣһ߾Ѫܵһ֮ϣ飬ʮ֮ࡣ
֮ǰǴһײЩ屻קǰʱʯײ


1728 źͽ
һˣһѪܵɽϣ
ѪȵһĻЩɽǬͥ˽ɫ䡣
ӣȲбķʽ֣
֮ǰȫûԤϵġ
ȥ֪ͨŲʦ֣˵Ŀ֡Ϊ׵ӷɿ촫

һŮٿȻһֻӲӵȥ
κ޵޷ŲƷɶݵĿռ޷谭λԭŮӡ
ˣΪŰɿӱ
׼ս
´
˽жתطһˣɽ󣬸ԶѰ
ϵɫʯϣѰ̧ͷƳЩһۣ
䣡
һ̣ӳããһ硣
ûκηϻսչ
ǵǿơԵĽ̬ЩǬͥ˽ɫԥҲˡ

ͬʱɽ֮ۡ
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ܾˣ
в۴ʥÿһϢյգʣɽ۶費ͻ͡
жӿԺ
˶˻һãǿǰκǿߣҪ˺ø飡
ৡ
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һ仰궯˽Դ㵣Ǽһﾹˣ
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˵أһڶǸе̳λǿմʥϵľ콾
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һͷýخֻƤëѣѪģ۰򶼱ϣһԼǱһ̴ڵء
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ģ½һЩѶǰһƬؽɱЩֳַ֮ˣҲǳ顣
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ЩǿУ֮ǰڰɽϣ赲ѰʮǬͥˣ
ˣǻͨ籨ŵŮ̲סУȻʧɫ
ɽۣ֮Ҳڴ˿𶯡

ɶѪսͬ飡
㡭Ǻĵͥˣ
ɽϣȺŭ֪ɫĿɱ¶ݺݶѰһϡ
֮ǰĸ̸۲ˣеҲɱޱȣƲ㶼ҡ
Ųġ١սеˣ˿ɫҲѿ
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Ѱڴ˵ټһĿ
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ͬû뵽Ѱˣ

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Ϳѵûһ壬ΪҪԸ㣿ߣҲһ
Сƿڴˣղű̢裬û㽹Ʒŭ
Ѱ̤ɽۣĿ⴩Ⱥű׶ڵϵСűᴩǵԬ죬ؿһƣ¿ݣ
ǱҶǡֻǱǣ۰ˡ
ѰͳһԺɲ
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С˻۾ˡ
һѵ۵ĽǿչŵϵĺݽɫǾЩɱȣ
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Ųı俪ڣɱӿϯգڷƮĿѰһһٵգǶ
飡
ѰȻӰ˿
ȴһǬͥĴ˵͵ըѪŽúܸߡ
ȻѰԹŲĵĴ𸴣

еǬͥ˽ԲȻŭ޵þҪȥȴڳǿסˡ
ѰУʮǿߵֹǬͥˣǿߡ
һ޴вڳͶ
ǣҿԽЩҲˡ
Ѱɫ
Ϊһ·ɱУӲºֵԭ
ΪģЩ˵ȥСԬ
룡
ŭȡ
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飡
ѰһĵͥĴ˱Уķѣ״ңŵǿ޲˻
ᡢѪȵķʽŲǶ޵ҧĿѣˣб
Ͳɱˣ
սĿڣҲѰв
飡
һΣѰķ²УһսĺᱩУѪ֮С
ʼգѰԵޱǿơԵֶҲѪ֮ڳǿ߶
ǺɣٽƣȥѰֻɱķ²



1729 ħ
ѹ֣͡
СԬ춼ƿԣѰѪǿƵֶ壬Ǹжǵǡ
ȥѰֻᱻЩǿչŵϵĴ˺޵룡
Ųĵɫ粻
ŭѵѰеǿвȣǶƵѪ
һ֣Ǿ׼ɻûȿĻѰǿˣ˭ûϵġ
ĪǣУЩ˵أ
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Ųĵɫ䣬Ѱ˻ɾ̫ˣǱţƱػǲӰ졣
ǣһὫҲˡ
սһһ٣м
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Уȷˡ
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Се׶γͬʱԬеҲ
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һǬͥĹʥ󣬴بǰе۾ݴɱס
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һ˲ѰӰͱûУҲˡ
·ɽУս޲Ȼʧɫͻأ֣֮ǰһ˿ۼ
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Ѱ̫ˣⱾһɱ֣ΪɱŲ׼
а̾
Ųĵ޲¶֮ɫһǰ浱Щǰ׼ģ
ת󷨣˴ⲣ
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ʼգǸûСѰҲѰΣ￴ǲŲϧһ𣬸ϧѾĻһɱħ
ΪģǸѰһ
ڣɱ֮ʱ
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һλһ֮һبŲĻ֮ǵĵʦǾ㱻һɱ
ǲŽл֮


1730 һ̤췭ظ
𣡡
𣡡
𣡡
˿̣Ųġ١սеʮλ۴ʥƾ
еִӻС죬еճɫͭӣеתɫ̣еĻӶϻ
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λˣʵѰҲһϧ̫ˣһֿͽҲעʲô³
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У磬Ǭ֮ȻĪָ֮ն翪һֱѺۡ
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ֻǡ
ѰһĳɱĿɲʹըɢŲ˶ķɡ
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ƵУŲĿڱѪߵķݣݺһϵʯϣǰֱðǡ
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ͷƤ飬⻹
١սеѰֵľ۴ʥһ̳׶϶֮ǰѰֱǿˡ
ֹΪͻʥڣսǰǿ˲ֹһ


1731 ħƣ·

Ѱ³ȭ¯ɱȥ
ӭ޵ߣһԶȫһȭ֮£ȴݽ㣬顣
Ѫ籩㣬ȻĽ
磬ʥ֮£ϣʥѴһ󼰸߶ȡ
ǷƸ꣬ƣɽ󺣣ӵв˼ܡ
㳤;ߴԪƳ
Щˣ͸һˣһŲڴʥĵ̣иһЩ۴ʥڣ
ɲ˭ڴ˿̵Ѱǰȴһ߹
ݺ۳ңڷƮبŲĻ¯Ծ춯صĻܡ
⣬Ȼ𺳣
ʥ֮½ϣʥ֮ϣͬȾеѰ£ʥҲûʲô
ŲġսСٵˣ޲Ŀѣŭ
һʼǲδСѰҲһҲѾĻڴ˲֡
һжΪڵɽһսѰս֮ǿǽԸеɵ
ǧҲû뵽ڵɽʱѰսǷ˷츲صı仯
Ҳû뵽һǼħ󣬵ͷȴͬ裬ûиѰһ˿˺
£Ѱħ񣬺ƳУɱߵǿһŲܲŭ
򣡡
ŭ˻Уٳһͷα籩
УһλεѩꪣŻɬĵ⣬ƥɢ׹⡣
ꪣ
ٵѹױŴ˴ꪵһ磬صˮ۶һű
ըƬ򶯵֮ʢѰЩ⡣

Ӷǽ֣ɭɭͺӲĺ
ŵŵţ
屻ĵˣк˲ѣȥѧɫȻ
޿ɣǽƣȫѷɫںꪣʥͱˡ
ˣ
Ѱ׷ʱһѤõɫɺͻأɱٶޱȡ
һϸ͸αһβ㣬ɲķâ֮ʢѰ嶼ʹ֮С
ɱ
սбȣڲݴ˱ɫ価Ȼɱ
ಣ
һƵıӿռͻأɱѰǰݺݳüĴȥ
ڴʱȻ֣סޱȵһ
ֻѰüģȴʳһѪα̫ʢܱסϢȴɨѰüġ
סˣսһ¶֮ɫ
ҲһĪĹűʵһɽ̫Ρ
˽ɵеġ̫վһʵĿռɽӰȥ٣ܿռ˹ؿ¡
ڸղţ˽ȴѰס
ߣ
Ѱ䣬͵ŲƣɱսС
ৣ
սɫ΢䣬̫ηɽٶӳ˼Ŀ졣
ڰ;ͱһױ޲סɽ˾Ҳȴα
ױޣ
Ѱ»ɱͿۺ󣬴жõһǿű֮ǿж
ǣ˱޲ŸͰԾ֮ף̢ʱܹɲ򳡣ǡԿƿռɱ
ž
Ѱһ֣̫ηɽױţѰƼ䡣
սⷴɣ͵ؿȳһѪ
ã
ɫȻܣѾһ
ͼİǽϯĺɫ棬ɱ¡
¡
һ˲ѣսǧУ¶һݺύĽۣƤѪˮٷ
λãǽӲ俪飬˶úݺ档
飡
ս׹أ嶼ˣֻһҽУǰڣױ
ӿĽڰԵŰ׶
죡
սжɱˡ
һ󾪺Զս޵߾ͷƤ飬Ѱ̫ˣȫֳ޿ƥе̬ƣܹѹƣ
ɱ
۴ʥɱһɫޱȣѰǿԶ
ǽƴУޱ
ǰѰȻֵܹסΧҲȻᱻѹƣͬڵɽʱһսһ
ڣѽȣ
̷֪֮ǰܻɱλǿմʥڶʮλͿۡ
̷֮㵱ʮޣ
Ѱֵۺޱȵǿ߶ԣʮޣĲֹɲֹΪϵɱ䣬֮ͬ츲صı仯
˵£ηȺ

սУѰ͵طһȣӰ¯ȼ緢պبͻ
䣡
ÿһȭк춯֮нű֮Ԫն֮
ǵȭӳ˷Χĵˣ޲ɽײȻɳȥش
һ۴ʥӰֱըѪɽ
һ󾪺Ľ޲һĻˡ
һˣϰλԸ󶥼ĴΧǵûбѹƣһ˺ȫɱͷѪӣ
ȾֱǾףȥ˲ɡ
ɶ񣡡
ô
ǴӹŻǵȵط߳
һ̣ŲġǶ巢ͷӿֲ
ǿչŵϣȱɾ޵ľţҲȱһЩհҫ۵ĸ
˭Ҳû뵽һǿչŵˣȴڽɱɾ
Ѫɱ֮ӿǲҿɲѪȾ
սڽУѰƳУɱ޵Уҡ
飡
һһԺĵͥǬͥѪս͗սǿߣ½
ûã
ɽ£ſռ޷ɶŲơ
Ų֮ڴ˲ɱ֣Ҳǿһ㣬ΪɱѰʱѰӵ
룬ռȴ赲Щİʯ
¡
Ѱ˿̣ԽսԽ£еŭɱȫй
ӽ棬ͱΪʸ֮ģԣ̰еķ
Ҫϱû˰ԹŻ˷С
ˣѰҲ˷쭡
ɵ֪СԬҲΪѣһǱԼǣʱѰŭˡ
ʲôͥʮս壬ѰۣҲκεĹ˼ɣ
Ӱ
˶ˣɱøεѣֻ̳·ɽӴܡ
ˣ
ЩɽϵĹս߼ˣ޲ɫ䣬Ψֱ׷׶ʼ˱ܡ
Ψһûܡ

һϮȹȻһˣԼӰǣЦٻ⣬Ŀ⣬ɢԵߵȻ
ৣ
ˣһۻ뽣ӳۻĲãϢ
գۼѣ޵ߣɱķѣѪȾ̨ף
ûһܵסһ
ս޲ѵ̿ˮʶûˣǺѰһġ
ңսҲǿĲ


1732 ּɱ
ĳ֣һبıϣɽϡ
ĲսҲǿ˸С
ϾһնɱλˣѰܹ֮ӵУ
Ӳġ
ڣȻӿֳһɫ򣬻˵Ľ⡣
ɽ֮۵ǿ߽Ծŭޱȣ·Ҳ޿ˣ
ƴˣ
Ųɫ࣬ŭ
ѿһѰŮӷҪǸϾɱ
ৡ
ŲȼգͷǱܣһڸѪɫƵĺڽնѰ
âδ˺յķ⣬Ѿ̵۾궼ڡ
Ųıിǿ󣬱ǿմʥǰʮľޣ
˿ƴƵĳѹرֺ֪εǿ
ߡ
Ѱ̧־һӳȥױ˸žӨ͸绡ȦȦһѾ𵴣ͱӰײնը
ն
ͬʱѰһն
ʱǽնУԼɼ޾ɭȻӿ֣ŰǬ
֪ǽűΪ̫ʱڤӽ֤ʱ彣ܸѷɫκر

ձУӿĺɫŲģֲ֮ǹŲĶз
ˣ
ٺһЩ۴ʥɱҪסѰһ
ֻټһڹɫͭӣٿȻѰɢĴ̲֮
Ҳɱһ亱Ĺűǽɰطͨ
֮Ƕƴ
¡
춯صײ𣬳һƬңɲĽŰϯ޹⣬ʧɫ
Զս޵ߣһڣǰããʲôˣΪײĻϢʵ̫ˡ
ŵŵţ
̳УѰӰ˳ÿһ£վݣЩǱ
Ҳǿսһαˡ
ܣһδѰʲôʵ˺ڳУȴǾһ
ǷζţѰ޷սʤģ
Щӣʱֻ»᲻ġ
ȴѰ͵һϢȻǿһأ֮ǰ¯գѹŽ֮ơ
˿̵򳹵ױˣԨҪһضɵֳһɰԾơ
ɾ
̷ңеһεֵʮ޵Ķһ֮ͨĿУҲѰһƿء
ȫµΪȫµĵʩչǵƱ֮Ѳͬն
ɱ
һ֣
Ų޲ǽ߾ȫؽйɱײһˡ
ûлġ
Ѱ˫ͫĮҲ
󡪡
ˣһڴԨŲƣڱ֮ա⡢޲С
һȭ

ͷǹɫͭ쳹籡ٲ磬Ҫ赲Ѱȭ
Ҳƾ˱סʮλͬ˵һй㣬½δƣǿƥ
ʱʥȴѰȭҲƵ綼򱬣ײϣҳһݵȭӡ

ͭӺ涼ơ
Ҳ͵һѪӰˡ
ֻǿʼ
ţѰȭɱһһɱﵣԱ俪𣬱ȭһա
ȭŲһ
꣡
ȭ棬ǸѪɫƵĹŽǱҵ͵˵һֶɡ
ܴ˳ŲҲúݺݵɳȥ
̶̼оһαѰתƥԨҲһȫ
ۿһĻǿߣԶѱ𺳵Ժհף

һλ۴ʥ˻ϳ磬ܻ󣬼֮ˡ
Ѱȭɱӭϡ
䣡
ԨȭԨϵҲһ湦ɴʱȴ˺ѣȻը
˵壬ȭ俪ܾѹϣѪⶼ
ţŲġٵ½ɱ
ƴ޺·ˣ
Ѱϼ䲻ϲﶼˣӶȭô޾ɾһȭȭ
ȭԨɵء
޾ɾ˸ǿգ۾ϴУڴ˿ų޷ܡ
飡
һ谭һйԱƿ飬ɣذĶ
˿Ѫش
Ҳֱӱɱ񱩱У
ŲġҲѸۣĴ̼£ǣһɱۣױߺͷ
һȭȭȭ
ѰϵϢԽԽֲ˶һƬڰԨУبǰħ
ڡ
ٳܲסˡ
ӲѰκ嶼ѿѪⱬѪкɲ
ҽУɽȥ
ۣ
ˣѾõһӳնѪһͷ­
ٱ˴̷֮սҲѱȫͬѾõһٲǲŽй¡
ս߽Ĳ
ͷʬʯ̨ϣѪСƵʶ£޲ëȻ
ٿУʱΧѰֻʣʮˣÿһҲѸۣޣ
ЩսԺн鲻ԽظֳһͷŲǳˡ
ûⷢ
ʱȴӲնɱڹϵʯɽϡ
ɱȴɶ˻𣬱Ѱɱ
Ҳ˳ɽ֮ԶһƬããؽأɸһ룬ͷĲҽУ˶ȼҽ
ΪΨֳַܽ룡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һһ۴ʥɱꡣ
ƾμͨطڸԵɱﵣѰĹ£޼¡
Ѫɽۣ֮ױŨصѪɫʵѪˮضȾ죬͸
սǶڣԺհס
ǼɱĺˣѰľˣȴͷһμ
ɱӵɱ
ǵѪܵһĻĻǿչŵע޾Ȼ
ΪǿչŵϣҲٷĲ顣
ϾЩߣͥʮսȻУ˭Ҷǲ
˭иѰ㣬¾
ѰҺƴˣ
Уֻʣ˹Ųһˣħ͵ؽ֮Լš
ѪɫƵĺɫŽ죬ŲһѪ糤Ӱӿ˽
ͷȻò԰׿ήϻһʧȥеľ
һɫŽϢȻԽԽǿ
ɱ
Զս޲ɫ䣬ǽɰط룬Իѱгŵ
ɱ
Ѱ¶һ˿㱣ףҲ㲻һеƴ
䣡
ĺȡ˹Ųһ֮ĺɫŽڴ˿糹ѣһ춯صϢ˲Ϣɽ֮ۡ



1733 ؾ֮һ
ɽۣ֮ɲǼ䶳ˡ
һλǬͥĵմĵӣһǿմʥǰʮľޣڴ˿ɱ
Ȿͺţǿչŵϣ˸ҰѹŲıȵȵزǬͥŭ𲻿ɡ
棬ȴˡ
ˣ
ڵĹŽ淭Ѫɫƣ佣˲ͷųĵ
һƵӰ֣ΰ죬ƵɢϢ˸еںϢ
飡
ɫŽһӵ
ս޲Ȼ
ȻѰüɫ
У鹭Ȼӿ֡
ѰҶҪܵ³
˿̵ĹŲģ׷ήϰһȼڵĻͺ⡣
ৣ
ɫŽգһӰ̤ǰ壬׽٣֮һն֮С
ɵĽ̫ɽԶŽУضֻʣһ貳ʢĽâ
ǽâ۶ĿҲֲ
ȱڣ
Ѱһ
ˣ
۰׹Ƕѻ͵鹭ĹϣֳһҷӰ
һɾҲ֮Ǭ
Сˣұǡ
ҷ¶һĨЦݣеüëŷɣһס鹭ָѪнݹĹң͵̧ͷ
һУ׿
䡪
翪ٵأ
ɽۣ֮ǵصĺ͵û
ССУֻʣããĹ⣬һҫƥǿմգֲϢɢԾ
޷Ŀ־壬ɽХÿһսͷǺȻܡ
˸Ǿأɫɷס
ֱãɽ֮۵ĹâŽŰеĲʼƽϢ
ڽˣ
˲Լͬһо亹͸
ȿƿ׵ײУʥ˶Ҫɣ
ϧˣŲɱһкѰʯ٣Ժעˡ
һλս߸п
û˵꣬ɫ͵̣ȡ
ͬʱڳսߣҲ޲Ŀɿڴͬһϡ
ֻɽۣУһƾУһİ׹Ǵ󹭣罣ֱҪ񷣡
һӰһ˲
ȫΪ֮ʧ˶ܡ
Ѱ
Ȼţ
УѪǽ壬֫⣬Ѳ˹ŲĵӰ
ΨһڵĶϽбѪ֮У죡
ţѻȸ
ÿ˶㶿Ѱš
ɱһ֮£ͷѰӰ˳Ⱦ𣬶Ųģˣ
ǱϽõ֤

ã˲ڣȴ˵
Ҳɫ㱡
սɺĵͥǬͥս塢ѪսĴǿնʵĴ֣ɽ֮۲֡
ս˶ڣıֻΪɱѰһˡ
ɵͷ
ȫˣ
һսѰɽʼһ·ɱϣֱɽۣ֮һˣ̤ħһеУ
ϰλľλǿմʥϵٮٮߣȫ˵ϵѪǽ塣
ΨһˣɽۣʮԼţ

ϵʯɽϣ˸ӯӯһյ֫ճĶǵĻȡ
ظһһˮƵһɨЩܵĹսߣ΢΢һЦ
λҲħдһ𣿡
峺ˣöޱȡ
һڹսγƵĻعɫ䣬һ³ɽ³ȥ
˭Ҷ
ɽۣ֮ʬۣѪ͸棬εȿ£һѰ֣Ǻֱ޷
ħƺС
ɽϣڻζס𾪹Żյյĳƺš
ԤŽ֮սɢƺҲΪܴǿչŵ֮ϣ


ɽۣ֮ѰҲ˿֮ǰսɱ¾ĵķŭõйҲһɡ
ʼɨսƷ
ϰλԴĴµʥġҩȵȱĿʡ
ƹŲġ١սȾϵĲƸǳۺ
СˣЩʥɷң
鹭Уҷȱһ
ɣ
ѰʹӦ
ȱΪ飬һѹĥ£Ԫѱ˵ޱȵĵز
֮ǰѰսҲΪȱ˲ʥָһ˿Ԫ
һ˿ԪҲڴսбģʶȱᣬѰҲлָ

ѰһӣѼʥȫһԶȱԼֻһЩõı
һױޣһѿռʥ̫ηɽԼı
ѰĴ󷽣ȱ΢΢һƺ⡣
СˣһָսǿգɱһеУ
ȱԴƽ
ѰЦŵһá
֡
ȹƮҷӰԶ
ģʥһıҶˣвϡȱĺͱҩӦöá
ѰһݸսƷеһ֡
ҾͲˡ
Цգգ۾ûоܾϰ·֪ƴǣѰе⡣
͵ҲѰһ㣬ڶԴԼʱκġ
㿴Ǿɽϵؽˡ
ָԶﱻããǣɢ˵Ϣ
˵رżء֮һ֮ǰսУͼб˲ͱУʬ޴档
ӯӯѰ࣬ˮĺ촽Ҳ֤һЩţҲֳַֻߣܰȻС
Ѱͷһ¡
Ԭ칵ͨԬ֣ڵɽʱ֪˭ֳַƬؽ
桢ҶĦڭǡ
ԬҲЩ޷ȷˣЩһҺС󣬶ǵķһ½ļһһȺֽһƬؽ
Ѱһд£
ʱġСҲˡ
ãˡ
ѰһߵİǻǰһƬؽһ⡣
ͷӦġ
ûٳɣ˸ֳַһƬããȥ

糱ˮƵģգʲôУſɲĽ⡣
ѰͰëȻǿޱȵΣոС
ǷӦǸеķѲһƬӲӵùΣ˵Ӱ֡
ˡ
ӰٿȻŲƣʧڹС
ǡ
Ұָһ
һƬݱ磬һѵ½أиţҲ
ʱѰһƯ½ϡ
ĹˣкХŻ磬ǻľ
żеľ֮һ
ѰҲе⡣
ΪעһԴؾһĸأϴ컯ںͳɵ۵йصĻԵ
룬ȴһưܻ֮أ


1734 
磬߻ľɢһ˵ĲϢ
ܴ˵Ƿ컯֮ҵҪ
Ѱ侲
Ͱһչжзɶݣһڿе½ؼ䴩Ѱ١
֪ءء˵
·ϣѰ
һ˼˵
˵Уǿǰ֮̽ѰԵѾ̽ѰУԡ֮ءΪأԡ֮Ϊա
أָľǾŸؽ磬ɽֻ֮һˣżطֲƵİؾ
֮أΨֳַߣл롣
ҲΪһֺ󣬻ᱻô޵߶ϵԭ򣬷ʵ̫ˣ˭ۺ졣
⣬Ѱ֣ǿչŵεȺߣΪȴûзǾ֮أƣ
ԵɣҲ޷֪ȴ˵һš
Ѱ¶Ȥ֮ɫʲôţ
һ˵بǰ֮أ룬Ҳ޵Դ֮أ
ʱ桢棬ͨ·ʱƣ֮ط˲׺ɣı仯Ѿ޷ߵ󣬽ؾûˡ
ϾҲ֪ΪԽ֮ҪʵǸߵĵ;ԴԽ󡣡
֮Ҳƺ嫺͹󣬿ɵ޵Ϊʥ֮ؼĹ򡢴Ϣ޷ڵ;
ǣبУԽԽ޵߽̤ǰǿչŵ̡
ֹھ֮أҲǿСΨо֮أӵй֮棡
ҲΪΣ֮֮Իӵзرԭ򡣡
Ȼֻһţ྿ʲô¾ǵ۾Ҳ˵
ˣѰԼˡ
Ȼһ󵨵뷨
˵֮أʱ޵Դ֮ء
ôŻ򣬾ͺܿеĺ
λڹŻеġ½硱򼫿ܾǺеĺģԭʼʼԴ֮أ
֮һ뷨½̫ˣĴ֮һĹ棬λУ
ֻѰ뷨
£ǿеܶ಻ʤԶԶﲻƾ籾ԴĦԴĵز
ʲô
Ѱʵ
һą̇̄Ųųɵ۳ܡ
ǡ¡ıԴϢ
ǡյĵطب񵫷ߣȫѶ
˵⣬ɵ֮ɫ˵̫ʱ˻Ŵȴʧȥм䣬˶ϲſɲĽϢڷǿչŵ󲻾ã㱩ȥ
ǰһ仰ǿչŵϡ
Ѱ̲ס˵ʲô
;Ѷϣ޿󣡡
³֡
Ѱһ仰ȴƴһļµѰ嶼Щ
;Ѷϣ
ĪζţȻ޵ѪȻ̤۾Ϊһ֮棬Ҳעľͷ
ɱ棬ֻǸļһʱҲû˵档
ֻǡ򡯵ȷյĵط˸ҳԿ
Ѱһ
˽ˡŷ֣ص֮࣬ҪԶԶԼ
縲һƬ˭УԻе̫δ֪ܡ
Ǵ˴ǰҲֻܶʱ䣬ͨ·ͻ·ӡʧ
пҲעθܽеȫ죬Թˡ
˽̸ʱԽƯ½ء
ѰҪ˵ʲôʱԶȻһŭ˻𡪡
ΪʲôУΪʲô
½Ѫһ崿Ѫᣬ˶޵񣬲أǿմʥʮλ
ƾȵ̣޷õ֮Ͽɣϻмʸ񣿡
˿ҪƴһΣ
У͸޾ķͲʡ
½
ѰͰһۣԾһ

Ѱת˵ӰԸǣϢسԶ˹ȥ
ûãһ½س֣بУǧﷶΧɽ̮ݲͬޱȡ
ΨشԵúܲһ
һƴӵɽ壬ۻ߾ͨŻɢϲãϢ
ɽŴһȺ޵㣬ʮһƲϢˡ
Ϊ׵ģһѪ£ͷѪɫǣ˼ߴӡ
ɽǰɫĿɽǰʯ֮ϣüŷŭ
ز£˱ȻѪս崿Ѫ½
ѰͰȻڣǵĳûκע⡣
˳ԾǣſһƴӵۻɽڲϱԽԽۻ룬ԽԽΡ롭
ֱһֳſǬ߲ʵĸо
ѰͰͽ
ֱھ½ǧɾʱֹӰһƬʯѺ
㿴Ǵɽʯϡ
ɿ촫
Ѱ˳ſȥͼǴɽײԼɼʯڹ⻬羵ӡһϵͼ
ͼУǳƣãϣĤݺͼ룬ɫ϶ׯࡣ
֮£һӣ
һϵġͼɢׯʥϢ𺳡
ֻǣĶȴһӣ֮£þˣӡĻɬơ
ȻֻһʯͼɵѰĿ⿴һʱһֿѹǬҡǺƣ
ɣһͼ䲻ܲŴ컯
½ӦҪõһʯͼϿɡţ
˼
һѰɫЩ۾ֱһӣƺ⣬š
ôˣ
ʵ
ǰӡ
ѰЩ㱡
Ҳ֮һĽأһʯͼɲ˭ܼġ
Ѱ˵ʯͼеĴӣҲ⡣
𡭡
ѰԺУһ档
һνŻ磬뵽һ۵ƻᡱУڲɽϣɽһŵ
һ·նؿ飬ҲֻԵ
һƬʱѰһβƿδǿһ·ߵһĻĻ
۵УѰ˴ƿű
ˣ۵ƻϻ˼顣
Ѱģ׶Σһ̳֣̳ϰһͭӡ
Ӳ߸ߣתӡĵƣĪ⡣
ʱΪӣѰյ˻һޱȵĲɱ
գ˭Ҳûܻôӡ
Ϊһڵǣ̫󣬸ǵʱѰܹ



1735 ޾ӣ
Ѱ㱡
Ȼܶȥˣ̼ǵãһͭ޾ء
ֻǣһͼеһӣǴ޾
ɶ񡪡
͵أ½ʯǰͷƮɫ価ŭ
޵޲
磬֪ж޵ûһܹôͼϿɡ
һɳ𣬡ȻҲУΪβ֣żе컯֮࣬ʱ;˷ɺֵܲá
ѰͰſǴɽײУһӰϥ
ͷɢӿ㣬ü価ĮȻǰϣһѪɫ
һɫѪɫɢӣһˣһ޵С
ţ
⣬ѰͫȻһ
һ߾߱ɫ䴩ӰȻ桢ҶĦڭˣ
ֻǣһɥʧʶɫľȻͣһ߾߿Ƶġ
ǻɫڣѪ󨣬ԿһѪӣһѪɫӿȥ
ʥѪ
кâһϳֹ֮Ѫսشʥ֮ѪΪϣʥǲ̺ͰԵ
Щ飬ֶο湻̰
Ѱ֪ЩʱɫˣǷͷжɱ½ȥǡ
ԥã
Ѱ룬ǵȫƿǼһУʱҪ
ģұ֤һʱ佫ǼһˣЩܵ⡣
Ѱ˵ͷ
˽ԾĬԴҪ
½壬˵ҲУ
ʯǰ½ɫĿ俴ϥصӰ
½ɫĮȻֻǲ˷ʱˡ
½ߣŤͷ¿ʯϵġͼĿԹߵ
ֻ֮ҪܳɹƿأұԳΪʥͣʥˣ
ʥͣʥˣһֻľȫһ
Ψڴʥɹ֮ˣųƵʥܹͣƿ֮ԺܳΪ۵;ϵʥ
Ȼ˺컯ǿչŵ϶Ȼˣɿܾʹ˷
ֻҪܻ֮ǿմʥǰʮ֮Уؽҵһϯ֮أ
˵ţ½ޱȼ
һ巢⣬ٶɢʶȥӦʯϵһͼ
䣡
ɽƬ̣½͵һ׻ƵģݺݵɳȥпѪ
޵߽궯
ϥص½üǿ󲻵ãοΪ֮
죡
½ŭƵģٴɢʶȥӦʯϵͼ
ৣ
ҲڴʱһӨѩĶٿȻƿնԲ˼ٶѸնɱ¡
һ˲Ǻƾն֣
Сģ
ͬʱϥص½巢ȡ
ֻǣվһ
½һֻ֮Ͽɣû뵽ʱ̾ͻϮɱ
ңǰѸͺͰԵ
ܣȫƾսıȥֿ
䣡
춯صĺУ½˶ɳȥǰǵļжըϱ˺һɼǵ˺ۣѪʡ
ͨ
ӰҵأƺߣǱ֮
ã͵Ϯ
޵ҲӦɫ䣬׷׼ɱƣһ
ĸҪ飬͵Ϯң
½ŭϵ˺۾ۿɼٶȻָ
ৣ
һٶɱ
Ҳڴʱ½ڿ˶֣¶Ծ֮ɫѰ㣿
£һαкɣпѪܵش
׼ֿѰȫ£ɱȫѹס
ɱ
Щ޵߶ˣҳɡ
ʱѰһķ磬Ӱ⣬ŲƱɱݵ
¡
һ˲ĺУЩɱ޵߾ͱ屻ɳȥ
˸Ǳֱɱ屩飡
˺ȻԼ۾
Ȼ½һȵڵɽʱǿ̫࣡
½вǣѰôģ
ɽۣ֮ѱŲġսСٵһǿ߰أҲ˾ɱ
Ѱȴڴ˿̳ˣζţŲǵĲ֣ûסѰ
һ뵽⣬½Ķ
ɽ֮۵Ĳ֣ɱʥڣȴûסѰ£
¡
Ͳ½ǵĻᣬѰǱɱԶħԨ嶷ţǿһͿ
Щ޵ߣÿһҲǶһĺݽɫӵŲڴʥΪ
Ѱ£ȴ粻һ߹
ѣͱɱɾѪɺӡ

Ѱ磬½ǿֲƣ½˸
Ѱ뿴Щȥ𣿡
͵أһֱɽŵ½Įڣ桢ҶĦڭǵв
һֱԵú侲
ѰǰӰһ١
½¿ϣ㣬Ц½壬ɱһ²Сʶʶ
׳ա
ѰĿⶼһĨԥǰ壬ƸͲʲôв
½ٸ⣬Щ⧲
䣡
һ̣ٴαɳȥ嶼ԡѪ˺۴Ŀģ˲㱻롣
֪½Ѫս崿ѪᣬѰе½ҲԶǿ
УɱѰȫѹ
½壬ô֣
½׻ˣ˻
ͨ
ڴʱֲѪȵһĻ֣ϥص½壬ͷ­ȻӲϹ䣬ѪˮȪƵı
⡭
½ûɳϢأˣ
ͬʱӰƮȻ½ͷʬǰһϮȹλɡ
һ֣Ĭ
Уһ͸ķɵһģһصĺ«ͼʧ
ն«
Ϊ˵һʱɱ½壬ٶȶĪĹű
ֻǣһ½ѿ
䣡
ʱ̣Ѱɱкɨնϡ
㡭
½żȵĲʺԹޡ
һж̫ˡ
Ѱ֣ٵ½屻ɱһϵжڶ̶̼֮ĻĲ˼顣
ѰǰڳʱԺޱľ֮һУ
ģ½Ŷѡ
ˣѰųһҲصʬһۣ˰ߣʵôˣ
ѿʼ֣ڽ桢ҶĦڭϵĻɫ
ϸط䲻ΣգȴҪһЩʱƳ
ڴһ䡣
Ǿͺá
ѰҲûţֽеսƷɨһ飬æµҴǴɽʯǰ
̧Ŀ⣬ʯϡͼڵһڵӣѰַʶϤС
Ǵ޾


1736 
ʯϵġͼѰԺָһЩ¡
硰۵ƻᡱĻʱһͨҩ֣һåıԡ
ҲΪһͨҩѰ˽⵽һЩڡ޾ӡ顣
ͨҩԣǴ޾ӣبʱһʥͺķѱѪ͡
һ죬ۣ֮Ǭ׸ģ˱ܣ֮˭ƿأ˭ƿ֮
ҲԣǴ޾Ӵ֮ʥڼɹ֮ʱΪ˱ɣǰδ֮ǴܹõһʱҲ޷á
ô˱Ҫ֮
֮غ֮ԸΨʥɹĴ߲ȥռ
ʱѰǵãУԶʥͲ£̻ڤڤȻõ֮Ӷ۳һص
Ը
ͺñе񣬳µرݣȻȻػһׯ˵Ϣ
ϢǳһԸ
޵νԸָͬһֺ޵ԸÿһλʥͣԻԼĴԸ
Ϊˣеʥѡ̻ԼԸõŷܻͬԴԴϵԸ
ͬеʥѡ֮Ըӡ֤ٳµ֮;߿µĵܹͬԸ
ԸֱԸ
ǳɴӡʥˡΪʥ͡עԸǷֲϵġ
Ѱǵã߱ѪսɣֵУһֻصĽһԾף˸ŵĺԸ
Ըгһգ飬ԿΪʥ
⣬ͬһִԸ
뵽⣬Ѱղ½ʯʱйĶγԡ
½϶⡰ͼУͲֻ֮ҪܹƿأܹʥΪʥͣʥˡ
ʥͺʥˣһ֮֮
Ψڴʥɹ֮ˣܹʥܹ͡ƿ֮ԺҲԳΪ۵;ϵʥ
Ϊˣ½жγԣսʧˡ
ʱŵһЩ£ٶԱ½ĻѰо⡰ͼеһӣܾǴ޾ӣ
ʥʥͣһ֣ͺʥֿ
ν͡˼룬ļһΪĸ߶ȣҲһֳʥ֮ϵ
Ѱ˼ǴʥԲزΪȻʥ˺ʥ͵
ΪΨʥͣɳΪ۵;ϵʥ
ʥˣҲԽʥע;۵;Ե
ԭѰĴ㣬̤ʥԲزʱŻῼȥΪʥ͵顣
ڣǰͳһᣡ
գѰһгԡ

ʶɢӿʯڡͼڣٿȻ䣬һԺһۻϵ
㱼䣬·𿴼һڵӣبǰи̣ͨͭŷܵĹϵơ
ҡΣ쳹ʮأϳ֡аȫɢɢ
ܾԸмڵأĤݡ
һԸ֮ԴԴϵرһڵӼȡš
䣡
ܿ죬ЩͺȻɢֻʣһڵ³иϲã
ŵı쳹ʹ־ŤתǬֻ
ͬʱѰиֳ
ʥˣһо硣
̻֮õϿɺ֮ƿ֮ˣſɳʥͣ
ͬԸӡ֤Ϊ֮µĵ;µĵƿشԸͬɳʥ͡
֮Ϊʥ;һƿԸһƿشԸ
ǰδ֮;Ϊ֮һµĵ;
Ѱзǻ۰Ĺ󣬡ʥͬŽδУΪ֮ȫµĵ
ڴʥԲزʱԿƿشԸ˳ƷΪʥͣ
һ㣬Ѱٿǡͼʱľǳγ
½ԣʯͼв֮컯
ѰУѳ׿
Ӳ¡̻ԻϿɺȻúܵ
˵Ѱûд뷨Ȼ̰ͼʲôԸ
˿ΨѰǣ޾ӵͼؾ֮һڣ
ѵӱǴȥģ
Ѱ˼ʱȻһͷ𡪡
СѣΪβԴƿȡ֮
ۻ롢쳹
˭
ѰһԺȻȻظֳһͭӵ󣬹϶ۻ룬ɢ߰Ϣ
С𾪣ؾ֮أֱžżǴӡĸ¯еܾ֮ǰż㱻λԵһһȡߡ
ңǴ޾ӵһ־
ԺУ𣬱Ѱ
𵴣ȻǴ޾ӣ
Ѱ鲻Խ˵ĸ¯Ƿǻءһ¯
ǵãصɽϣһںͭ飬ӴϣһЩ׵ĳ
磬ͭһ¯
ʱоż۵һ¯е
Ǿż۵ֱһ񽣡һսìһյͭơһս졢һöӡһƿһСһ̡һ񵶡

޾һ־𣬡ĸ¯ŵ۱أҲ˴ɣبδ֮٣ĸ¯ױɢ
ż۱ֱ֮أںУһһԵȡߡ
Ѱ˳ˡ
أĸ¯֮ĸ¯Ƴľż۱ʱֱ⡰ؾء֮أ
ϧǣУ½ǰһ۱ȡߡ
ϣҲ˴ƿϢǾŵ۱֮һԭؾ֮һġУһСҹķɽȡߡ
ɽˣ
ҹ
ѰһԼһλʦ֡
ҹһȤˣΪ뿪ʱһǰŻڡ
޾ӵٶ𣬡ҹʦʦҪǰǿ֤֮뿪˹Ż򡣡
ʱҹƿһɽϣ˵һ죬зɽǰƿʦܡļ񡣡
Ѱ״סˡ
ˡ۵ƻᡱڲɽĻ
˴ƿҲ۵ƻڶؿлá
ʱĻʱһȺŮµӡ֣𣬳ƺΪʦܡ
Ѱǵãһɷ̬ʦ֡꣬˵һ仰
ţ۳ףΪֵܽãʦܣһ죬ǻڴ·أ


1737 Ը
ɽҹƿ޾ӡ
Ѱ͵ط֣Լڡ۵ƻᡱõĻԵʵȫԵɺϡ
ΪҹǷɽˣµĴƿҪԼʦܡģ
ƿǴ֮еһ۱ҹʦֵ
ʲôʱˣ
Ѱʵ
ܾˣʮǰҲ˵׼
޾һ־
ԭѾôˡ
ѰЩ㱡
ʶһ⣬Ҽǵãĸ¯еľż۱Уûеӣ˭
һѰͷ𣺡Ǵ޾ӣھŵ۱֮ǰѾУС֪֮𣿡
Ѱͷ֮ǰ˵
ĸ¯֮һġ̨ң֮һġ¡
һٴ𣬡֮أԭŴƿҹǴӴ˵أ˱ߡ
Ѱףü˵޾һʥͺľѪΪ˵£
˵֮һѹıԴ
һٴ𣺡Щʥͱ棬̫ʱĵһʥͣһ£ıԴһ̫ŵһʥ
ԶԶ͹µգΪ˻ԼǾȥջǳɹˡ
Դµҵı޾ӱ㵮ˡ
꣬Ѱʶྐྵԭˣ
޾ӣȷһʥͺľѪĽᾧҲΪ˱һʥ͸Լ
Ѱ棺Ǿż۱˴ƿ֮⣬˼ֽʲô֣
˼۱ԴΪǰ׺ֱǡӡལ޿̡޷졯ì޷ȱס޾̵ơ
޾̵ơ֣Ѱ͵һ޾̵ƣ
ھ֮ڤӽʱѰһƬѪһλôһյ޾̵ơ
˵Ƴͭ׾֮ɫƮ֮⣬Ϊʧеǿָ;
ɣֵڣѰƾ˵ƣõһڿֲϹ׷棬ֱƾ˵ƣһһΪЩֲϹָ;һһõĳֽѡ
ЩֲϹ뿪ǰһһѰһ
һλԵϵ棬ٴѣǰѰһơ
һͷ׹ɻǰѰһ𡱡
ˣһλԾıϽġ׹Ǿˡġߴɫʡ
бġݴġҶ
б˾һġ׹Ǻꡱġ
бһġ׹Ǵߡġ
б˴һġ׹ġɫס
Щ񶼻Ѱбš
ף֮ԻԵΪһյ޾̵ơ
Ѱȴû뵽޾̵ƣżŵ۱֮һ
˵һ˵޾̵Ǿŵ۱֮һ
õȷд𸴣Ѱһʱ䶼һڤڤעĸо
ԼϵĴƿ޾̵ƣؾŵ۱֮һ˭뵽
СѣԺ뿪ֳؾŵ۱ǿߣԻصĸӦ
һѵͬҲᱻԷһʱӦǸǻ˵׼ˡ
Ѱһݡ
бŵ۱֮еıһӵСŵ۱֮бǿ߷֣ȷǸϣ
Сѣҵڿţʱ䲻ֻ࣬㣬ŵ۱УΨдƿܳش˵صġ֮
һٴ𣬡Щ֮ǵЩʥµʱۣܼ̳УȫЩʥѪᾧ
гһգҲƾ֮ΪʥͣԽȥƿҵı塭
ˣȻֹײˡ
󡪡
¡
ʯϵһͼٿȻ⣬̺İ籡
ЩȻԸ
֮ǰ½ѾĻֶΣҲûܵõ컯
Ѱ޾һ־Ļǲ˼ó˴ƿ
ˡ
ƿĲǰ嫵ԸԴԴϵӿƿС
ǡһҾӨ嫵ٲӿƿڣ
ֱãЩԸųױռһա
ʯϣͼǳʧ
ѰеĴƿδʲô쳣ɵʶӿУȴܲһɺذԸϢ

ѰŬԼ侲
ĬĬ˳˼
һͼȴ֪
һĸ¯޾ӵǰߵ֮һķ̨ߵ֮һ¡
ǰƿ޾̵ڵľŵ۱ܣǽԵĸ¯ڡ
ͷɽʦҹйصһЩ£ɽ۵ƻϵĻԵ
ģ֮йأǣʥ˺ʥ͵֣
֮һ£ѰһЩ飬ҲͨһЩ£һˡ֮νջ޴
ͬʱһЩɻҲӿѰͷ
ԴؾУԵǣ˷ɽλġʦ֡
ɽ֮һУΪƿǣͬΪɽ˵ҹʦ֡
ǰ֮ǰһƷͬͷɽͳһ컯йأ
ѰɲˣĴڣŷɽ֮һƪʣƪһ仰ǣ
̤Ǻģأ
һϵеϸڴһѰвɻ֮УŶٺͷɽͳйصܣ

֣
͵أһ˳˼еѰ
̧ۿȥͼ桢ҶĦڭˣѱϵѹˡ
ÿϣŽٺϲú͸м
ȻѽѰӪǵϢǡ
λþòˡ
ѰЦ߹ȥ
һ׮ϲ¡
Ѱ֮ǰµСԬҲųһһһпꡣ
Ѱҽǰڴ˵أ˼أ뿪Ļֻա
֮һֻӵз֮˲ܽ룬Ҳž˴˵صĿܣõô˵رðȫ֮
Ȼû
룬ѰֽСС졢ϸ򡢰³Ҳ£ǿʼΪ۴ʥ׼
СǸԶѻһңƾҵã֧ǵƾ֮·
ѰŸоɲ١
֮ķҲⵣģ֮гУСһжʱһԼѣƱҲᲨСǡ
ңСҲ˸ƾʱݲκεĸţڴ˵ؾ޲׵
ЩţѰ뿪ˣɻҪһ̽Ѱ֮棡


1738 ӿʱ
Ѱȷ嶯ȥһ˽֮档
磬ȥһǡһƷйصĻԵǷͷɽйء
磬ȥһǱ֮һġ̨Ͼĸ¯͵С
Ѱϣһĸ¯
ҵҹλ
ѰЦŹ֣˴Ǳ𣬶Ͱһȥ
ĿӰʧ治пÿμһҶһԽԽ󼰵ĸоˡ
Ҳ
Ѱͬһʱ콾ɶԵðκͱ
Ϊپޣ׿Ѱһ޷ķʽһԽ㣬ѹ㲻òͷ
ĹŻһˣľһҲˡ
ԺǿչŵϣǷҲˣ
Ϊѣ֮ңΪСֺ֮
ҶĦڭ̾Ϣ
ѰˣϴգȻᱻڱιâʱ򣬿վɢʱ
Ľģ޿κΣĪ
ӵжģҪôˣҪô·ϣ
СС졢ϸ򡢰³ţҲ˵ȴ̵ģоġ
ΨдֹүûǶӣһȺ۲ʶĴ
ֻǣ˶ˣ񰮴ţıԣ֪ᡣ
ôΣü׸Ϲӣʱ˲ʶľζ

ɽ֮ۡ
ѰͰӰ̴ǵ߳
ȻҪȥҺһƷ˿йصĻԵ
ԣ㲻˵ôһƷ˿ͷɽͳһЩйأô˻ȥһ
ѰͷԺиֳһ
һӰչвıѩʦ֣ҲнƿԼ΢
Щʦ֣
Щҡ
дһ˿Ǹڵõʱֻҿ϶Ǻܾ֮ǰ֮ͷɽͳйءںйصĻԵҲ
û£Եͺá
Ѱ΢΢һЦԶµĴֻҪһǿ󣬵ϵĻԵҲֻԵˡ
֣Ҫǰ̨ҵǿ԰һѡ
һ͸ӨѰսУһģͬһԻһЩǰ̨ʱա
ѰԼһǰ̨һʱ䣬Ҳʱˡ
̨Ϊ֮һձطͬѰãбҪȥð𣿡
Ҹ˽飬ȥһ׵
룬У̨ųɵ۳ܣܾǷڣ˵硡
֪Ƿ̨֮أȴһ׮ʥйص컯УŲ˻ù
Ѱȵ飿
ֻҪܹ̤һصġ̨ԿȥıһΪʥ͵ĻԵ
ɿ˵ֻܹŽ̨ǿ֮٣̫պͿɲö޵߸ͲԽ׳ذ벽Ψֽ
ҲֻͥʮսЩ˲е̿ǽ̨顣
ΪǸԵͳУһЩͷ̨йصֶΣ̽ѰԵʱ
㣬ŷġ
ѰԣĬƬ̣Ǿȥһ⣡

ѰͰıǰ̨жʱżҲǷӿ
һؾУ֯д֮بųĵڽ
£ֻһʥˡ
ѩ߳
ʤѩһɫ˿֫˿䣬ɣ˾
һƲӲӵתӳĵӰ翺á
ؾһöʥйأѾ뼺֮
ѩʦ㣬촫Ϣĵͥˡ
⣬һͥĴѵȺǣۼѩأæ
ˣô£
ѩһ
ʱɽ֮۱Ѫս
ͥ˵ĽѩҲ˽⵽࣬峺ûκβ΢΢һ
һԹŻѰɽɱɱ١Ųġսڵϰλˣ
ͥ˴ŷŭƵĿ˵ѩʦ㣬綼ڴƺѰΪħŵĲˡ
ѩĬƬ̣վǺӵĵܵܣһˡ
һЩͥ˶һ׷׿ڣ
ѩʦ㣬˿ɼǣ˶˴жԴײǡ
ѩƳЩһۣûش𣬶˵ٹ꣬ǿմʥʱ򣬵ʱǰʮһϯ֮ء
˵ţƮȻȥ
ǿմʥǰʮ
һͥһһˣʶѩǿ

ż֮һġɿ롱
һ޴ĹֵײһѰ˸Եִľأȴڴ˱չء
һĳХһվ˫ؼ䣬ͫӳ֣һһѿƵġ
̫ˣ貾
ϢҲɢȺɽֽԲذ
ħӰǣͬһħ
ܾ֮һƽϢһӰϢһͷѩ׷Ʈ¶һŲ̬԰׵Ŀӡ
룡
ħͥĴ֮һһ޼ɣ˫ȾѪȵľǿ
ϲ񹦴ɣ
һЩħͥĴӿɫηǫ
ѪҲУ
컯̶գҲ̥ǵı仯ʥ֮·ز
ƸпʵЩӿʲô·
У
ѪµһʱվɽѪսһһ˵
ҧгݵӦҲѰĿˣһֶβбɱǣţһ
뿴Ѫһۣʲô˼һҵȥԸѰҲǲԣӴԺñǰˣС
Դƽ
Ѫ亹׹ߣ
ջĿ⣬Զȥ߰ɣҲʱȥһ˷̨ˣҲ²ⲻѩ㡢ᡭЩһֻҲѽĿⶢʥϡ
ӰнԶҲš

żһܻؾС
ڸеɳ۾ɫͫзŹصĹ
ؿƷڴˣѰ´ҵΪ
ɳɱһƵ䶯һƻɫʧ
żУŲ֪գͬҲŲ֪ٵؾԵ
ֹѰżɫһʱҲлԵջ
ѩȵȡ
ͬҲһЩûбע⵽ĿֲӰʼżгû


1739 ̫ۣ
䣡
żһĹϵ·һӲӰ
һչɸߣأڱǺʱ¼
ļֳĽɫѪȳʮƣǣһ졣
˭
ɫӰ쾪ף̽һץǧ⣬һӰСƵģ߬ġ
ºĵͥ˵壬ѣ
һӣӢ䣬ɴʱȴɫɷףд壬嶼ڲڡ
ߣΪβڴˣ
ɫӰȻ
ʦֱɱǰġ
æ
ɫӰüһף嶪˳ȥŵң˭ɱ
Ѱ
֪ˡ
ɫӰͷɸߵٿȻһĨ⣬նȥ
ųһٺƵġ

ϺĺᣬһǿմʥʮλľʥһУ˸䡣
ȿֲΪĵͥˣҲκһ˿Ĳ
Ϻ棬ˡ̫ۡеλϵĪ棬֦ͬ
ૣǲ٣ǲ֪ȿֲʥνѰˡ

̨˻ȥ𡭡
һƬķشһɮڻⲽÿһ£һ̨ںڵķ⡣
ͷӡһĺͼ
ɽ֮սչֳԶǰţƱػɱĸΪ¡
ɮƽ˼ãϣٵˡ

ž
Ѱһơ
һ첨оӳֳһŻ
һϮۣŵ㡢ڴ˼Ǭ޿߳
֣ѵʱ
ЦſڣԵΪˡ
ѰҲЦΪһЩ鵢ˣλ¡
һȻģ˵ˣɽѪսѰһ˶սȺۣɱһеУпǺ䶯֮
У塣
ѰЦЦûж˵ʲô
ע⵽ǼǬǽ޿ڶԴԼ̬Է˱仯һЩ⣬һЩ΢ļɵ֮ɫ
ѰҲʮʱѣ޿ͻƾ磬̤Ͼ۴ʥ֮
ǬϢҲñǿһء
㣬ɺʹǰºǫѷѰȴܸоԷΪӦҲ˲٣ֹϢ϶һǱڵɱ䡣
Ȼ㡢Ǭ޿һʱȻҲ˲ٻԵ컯
׼²˳٣ǰ̨Σ
Ƭ̣
Ҳá
ѰͰһۣӦ
·һչж
·ϣ㴫ҵõϢвɫҲ˷̨вǰЩչж
ᣬһﾹҲ֮棬ǰͻȻһؾɱʮ޵ߣ˭Ҳ뵽ǰ

һϵĵϡ
ᣬǴ߳һλңǿӲǿմʥʮ
֪ǿմʥǰٵģѿƵһһĴʥ
ܹǰʮģѳƵϴʥеľ뢣
λǰʮġ
ÿһԿźĴʥ䣬֮ͬе𣬹ڸͬǿչŵϵһֽա
ᣬһɫ
տڣˣɴ˿ɼҲԴЩɵ;衣
˽ЩѰһĸо
Ϊ֮ǰһʱУɱ˲ǿմʥϵĽɫֻѰ
ĹŲģҲǿֻǰʮ
ԭѰ֣Ϊǿմʥǰʮﲻ֣ˡ
ᣬֻѳֻ֣ڴ֮ǰû˱ˡ
һ˵ǿմʥǰʮĽɫеƾʥС
ѰϷɿ촫еģڱչΪƾ׼ޱҪû˻
˵⣬ѵˣҲҪ͹һЩǿմʥϵ
ǿչŵӢһŰ񵥣޷¼ľȫ
ԺڰͷĴˣûһǿմʥģҲʶˣɳսǹǿ֮
Ѱ˵ͷ
ȻЦˣ㣬֮ǰ˭ǿɱòǿմʥϵǿͷϣɴӲȱɫ
ʱٶȿڣ֣ᣬ㻹һ˵Ϻᣬ֪ɱ٣϶һʱǰ㱨𡣡
ţϺ͵ϵĹϵ֮Ѱ
ЩѰ⣬ǣ̫ۡ˵
ܿ죬ΪѰ󣺡̫ۣ̫ʱǿλۣǵĺۺᡯ
ϵ棬̫֮һġۡ˺죬һ̵ʮ磬ͨ󣬷ޱߡ
ϵ棬̫֮һġӢۡ䱾̫ŴӢУսͬ׺죬ۡ
ǿչŵϣ̫۸ԵȺɶһȻĴڣһЩȺѷǵĵ֮ϣʮս塢ͥ
һ˱̸߱ѰҲǽһ˽⵽ǿչŵϵһЩϢ
ʶν塱˶ི

ʱ
һ緢ų۽Ļɽۣ֮ѰһƮȻ
˵أһϵɫ̳߲ɣبų㣬³ĺ֮С
ɴ˼̳ɽ̨ڵĽ磬ֻһ·ע֮λҪһЩ
˵ţ̤ɫ̳
ͣ
һӣһƿɳƿ糱ˮĻӿ̳֮С
ûã̳Ȼ⣬춯ذĲ
ֱһлָʱɫ̳ϣûѰһ˵Ӱ
ˣȻˡ
ɽԶһɮ˵Ӱִ߳һľȣһɫۡ
ɳ࣬˴ʱΪ㻹һ
ɮ˺ȻĿ⿴Զ
ߣչڵʹߣǵزؽɶ߿ɲһ·ˡ
һͳһƻɫۣܻһģĺӰ
ɳࡣ
ɮ˲ΪȻܷһ䣬ǡ֮ϵͣ
ɳ෴ʵǵزؽأΪҪӴΪˣ
ɮ˵ȻҵزؽһŴУһõĽɱ˵ˣݡ
ɳŶһڵҲ㣬ֻСĿ꣬ڡ֮ϵڵ׵ĲΣҲߣ޷ʮšˡ
ɮһû뵽Ѱڡ֮ϵ֮ͣͬҲ֮͡
ȫԤڡ
ô˵Դչֳս͵̣Ҳ㡭
۰


1740 
ɮĸоܻ
Ѱһɱി½ŲġսСٵȾ۴ʥľˡ
һڵɽսУأܶáƪ¡Ȼˣɽ֮ɱһееɫֻչеСɫ
ң֮ͺȫף
úɮ˶оܲ
ҵزؽӵһˣչȴһӵСĿ꣬Եҵزؽ̫ܣ
ɳٵЦᣬֻڽ֮ǰչڲ˽ӵϸŻὫСɫ
Ҵ֮棬ԭҲҪɱӣɺŷ֣ӾԶѰɱȡ
Ҹҿ϶ܽͷţõʮŴĺܶ౶
˵ס򴽣Ѫޡ
еĻ籾ԴЧԴʥϵǿУĪĲá
ͬʱҲǿչŵһ׵ϡȱңֱ
һŵļֵѿԺһҩ
Դʥǿ߶ԣѵĽ׻ң޿
ɳĻɮŸоƽⲻ١
飺Ӽ֣챦ǽɱõսƷ֮˺һΣ
ɳĿκ
սƷһ롣
ã
ɳһ˼⣬ʹӦ
ѰǿҲ裬ܺ͵زؽλСɶ޺ϯλĺݽɫɹĻɻܶࡣ
ɶ޺ƺţΨеزؽʥеĶܹӵС
ǰλɮˣšݶɡںڰУ׼֮Ѫ޺
ΪڴУʬȾѪȡ

һ죬Ҳ֪˭ķõѰǰ̨Ϣܿ촫ż˲֪ٵĿ

žĹŵأƵѪɫĴء
һƬضаս
ɫ̳ĴͣѰһ˳ƬС
һʱ䣬ǸԼȫ䱸
λһ̿ʼսڣִܲܵǷ̨ϣͿˡ
һ
ͷһɹƤĥɵĵͼ꣬ȫ֡
УٿһӨḶָ́ġ
ѰһƳۣǬ޿Ҳȫװ
ˣ
£мİ۴ƿȻת
Ҳͬҵ׼һϮȹƮҷĸֳһۻɫ⡣
̲ס࿴һۣЩ⣬δ˵ʲô
ߡ
ɶݶǰߴ·ûиҶÿռŲ֮
ΪطƣΪƬսУ̫ɱٺֻ
ʩչռŲƣȫûʲô
һСǰУǴʱ䳤Уģ¡ʱϢ
˶һ㣬ļ¡
ӹɣʱĹ򲨶ϸƬսɢ
ҿȫ䱸ӵо۴ʥΪ޵ǰעܲסȡʴԪԾ˵ٶȿݽߣո
ʱ壬ϵķȻǵ۾Ҳܹƿء
ɫأû룬̨أʱ䷨Ĳԣ糱ϫ
ѰĬڳʱ
ͣ
ֻһ˲һƷ˿ͻѩ֮ɫή㣬ܵʱ֮ͷ
Ѱ𵴣ٲ
ƬغܻһȥǻߡãľƯŵǺһһţޱȰ߲Ͳơ
бѵƬƯĲȱ½أ³еʬƵġ
谵ѹֵķΧؼ䣬Եޱȹˣ֪بǰ˺ε飬Ƭؾš
Уڴ˵㣬ǳڴ׹ʱڴ˻ߣΨڴ˷̨㲻ࡣ
ѰҲԡ
Ѱ⾪졣
㣡
ǳ׹
ʱߣ
Ψз̨㲻࣡
һ̺壬κ޵ĺϻȹط
ȻŰһĻȶ˵ϪˮӼңԶߴ
죬ʲô
޿ɴ۾ʧ
ѰǴ˿Ҳ¶ݣҰУһѩ׵ĺʶ
ˮ͸Ө峺Ⱦһ˿ʣʱ¹ĹӰ˳ԡ
ӳճļ仯¸¸
ߣ
Ͱɫ䣬ֲ飬ѰһѸٶԶ
ѰɻʱͼһײһƯ½ϣǧﷶΧ½أϢظ࣬ɻɢ
ǱŽˮ鼤䣬ǰСȴһſǺը
ǵȳ棬ֱϲһſǳݿһ½أġ
󣬱Žɢˮֻһ𣬻һѩ׾ӨĺԶȥʧߡ
ǡǾʲô
޿ɫɷףǵһ˿ֲ顣
ʱ
Ƶһ֮𰸡
ʱ䷨һĺ֮֮նɱһ
ȷǷܱȡƿأ
Ѱʵ
ܣУе۾ﴳ˵أͨռʱͼӡʱһɢ³
˵һţѰ޲
۾ﶼסȿµʱ
ȷ̫ˣ
ǼǰУؼߺţֵǺ½ƬҲԽԽ࣬Զ׹ڴ˵ķڣ
ֱһ󣬾ѪɫԲ£ڼԶ񷣬ɢɺ谵Ĺ⡣
Ѫ»ԭ
з˵âλҪˣӴ˿̿ʼͲֻ֡
䣬Ǭͻһ쿴Ƿǡ
ʱҲһգ߲֪жɣ֦ɿݣɹѣͨۿɼĹ
Ƿ֦ܵϣĺڶĹѨ㡣
ǣһɿݵĴǹ̶лŲţƵġ
һ˲ѰëһĪΣա
ǸɿݴĺڶڣһӰ
ϸǺȻһ߾ʬ࣬Ҳи飬ǧٹ֣ɫɫ
ÿһʶԲƲȫɲĺɫ
ѰʶһЩʬв͵

һʱ䣬Ǹɿݴ֦ҡΣ֪ĹѨĺڶɢա
ͬʱһ߾ʬǴڶ߳ԵһȺɢĿֲϢ
Ѫ£һɺĹѪ⣬ЩʬԡУһϢˡ
ԶԶһɿݵĴգһ߾ʬϣͷѪµգεصī֭㣬Ⱦ֮ɫ
ǻֱɲ֮
ȻǴе֣
ɫ䣬ɿѡ
ˣ
ԥѰͰһ𣬽


1741 ޾̣
ˣ
첨Ʈ꣬Ѱһ˵ӰС
ͬʱһʬŲգһһڷܻĹĻϡ
ѰнԺݺһɫ΢䡣
һƶѣȴѹɽ֮ơ
бŷķɢޱȣ
ɾֲһƣȴܻĹĻϢ⣬תһѡ
Ѱǽ˿
̧ȥͼʬһֻèһŹǴ̣Ƶʬһͫɺ졣
飡
ǲʣ˻˲ĳǧٵӡ׿壬ÿһɱ۴ʥ
ȻЩԱɹĻסѰзڣ巢
ʬս֮ǿȫھ۴ʥ֮ϣʥֲ
޷֮ע֡
ŸյִѪ»ԭЩ̫ˡ
ɫѿ
һּµĲ֮һ޴Ĺ԰׶ʬ
Щʬֱʬÿһսޱȿֲɱʥնݽס
Уǰ̨̽ѰǿУ˽ɥʬУ
Ǭͽ޿ԵҲ˵Ŀֲ˵Щ۴ʥ׼ˣһ
֣ҸоЩԾʬ£һ򲻻
ڷɿ촫Ҳ˵ȻֻҪǣоյرܿ
ѰҪ˵ʲô
ͼ֮ϣٶȳһȺʬһ죬Ѱɱ
¡
һ˲ѰͱΧ˷ǿֲʬһ
ɹĻתٰĹ꣬ŽЩȫ⡣
ԣ̫ˣӵзԻǰһѣΪǻɱ
Ǭŭš
޿ѱɪɪɷףЩʬ̫ͿɲԵĶ
Уʲô鶼ᷢλǿֵ鷳ˡ
ɫ
Ǿ㤵ǣʱƣԽԽʬ֣糱ˮӿƬضǡ
ÿһǰֲˡ
һڱˮΧһµϣȫƾɹĻǿûֺܵ
һֱ㱻ΧȥᱻĹ⣬ʱ
룡
ѰͰԳֳַƶɸ޷һ
Ҳ˵ɹĻֻܱ޷У
Ҳһ
̨ؼֱ̫ˣ֪ˡɲҪԵҲϲǰ
޿ݲҵ
ȥɷɽҰڴˣֱڹŹǰȴС
˵Ҳ˾
֣˵˵Ǹô죿
ǬϣϣĿΡ
û뵽Ÿս̨أͻᷢ⡭
ɫѿ
ͬ޲ߣ
˭뵽ŸյִѪ»ԭȹֲĴڣ
¡¡
Щʬأڷ˻ǧᵽѪȣ˶ɡ
죬Ʈ꣬ĻתסһйԵú档
˭ڿţ
ԡ
ѰȻڣ֮ǰʱΨһԲ˿̳˶Ŀ۹
ֿа취
Ǭ
ݾ֮˿һ˿ϣ
޿Ҳ̲ס¶һ˿ϣ֮ɫһ̣ĻǰѰΪӵ顣
ֻҪǷѰһĶ鶼⡣
㶼Ŀⷺɫ֣а취Ǿòˡ
ûС
Ѱҡͷ
֣罽һˮ
ҿһԣܾܲԴС
Ѱ˵ɼǬ޿ɽס¶ʧ֮ɫɫȻ
۴ʥΣ
ʱҲľʧأ
̾һûٶ˵
Ψаɫƽ˵Ϊ㻤
Ѱ˵ͷ

һɫׯϣɢ⣬紫˵еһӡ
徻
У򴫳һϵоɢ
ؼž
ɶɼʥɮͺڻʥһϾ̲޾
˿Ѱʩչģǡնȶѷרſƺаꡣ
ǵزؽ編ţ
Ǭ죬žɫ
ͽ޿Ҳһŵģ
زؽ磡
ڰͷ֮һ䴫˱ΪȶߣߣԻᱻɱ
ǵ·񣬱֮չڵЩɱֶѶã
Ѱѵ͵زؽйأ
ǶЩɲ
ѰûнͣҲýͣȽҪͷ˼עЩϸ֦ĩڣ
죬ڽ΢ɵɢȥȴûвɱ
ЩʬӰ죬Բ׶죡
վǲа
Ǭ̾
޿ҧҧɷףŸ̤۴ʥĸڴˣ
Ĭ
Ѱȴ٣ޱȣʲôʬɽѪûԲ˶˷ִ硣
ֻǣڴʱһ֣˥
ʲô
Ǭ޿ʧɫ
ȻһʬĹ£ɹĻʼҷ֮ǰǰǿˡ
ֻƴһ·ѡˡ
ء
Ѱü
룬һֳһյͭơ
߲ƵĵӰƮûľںڰгһ⡣
޾̵ƣ
һ˵Ƹһ֣ɹĻ֮⣬һӰƣƾȮʬ׻㣬Ȼ顣
廯ӿĺɫ糱ˮڡ
Լ䣬·һӰںɫи֣ңңѰ֡
Ѱһлѳȫڽմнѡ
⡭
Ǭͽ޿۾
ûע⵽һ޵ӰֻѰһյƣһױƥʬ
Ŀһ˲Ѱеͭϣ¶֮ɫҲ𺳡
Ѱһ񣬿У
Ӱ߲ƵĹɢһһʬϢըӿ
ԼԼһӰ֣Уǧٹ֣һ⣬һѰ
л
лѳȫ
һмҲѰͷ½
ѰԭЩʬ͵ɣֵЩֲһܵ˿ֲ
ֱգǲڴ޾̵Ƶµõѡ
ֻЩֲ鲻һֽѣζ
ʱУʬ޲ڴ޾̵ĸ·׷ɢ
޴ķŤתǬͽ޿ü価𺳣ԴҲû뵽ѰֶΣ
ĿҲ⣬ʧ
ؼ䣬ɷ鲼ڰ֯һյƣſһ


1742 
ɰǧʬ½ɢظǡ
޾̵оҡҷư߲ĵӰƮſɢһеУ
ѰӰԡڻƵĵӰУƽصϢ
˽Գ״ס
ب֪ǰ̨صǿߣ֮ǰ
ʵ֮ǰǬ޿ҲѸеҡ
˭룬ǿõѰһյͭƣ㻯һ֣֮
䵱һɱʥȴݽҷʱǽԶסˡ

أգûʬ
УĹˣããĺɫ
ѰͰһ˷
ͬʱǵص̺ˮ¡¡ӿ޾̵ڡ
ԶԶһ糤ˮ
Ѱ⣬ܿע⵽ЩŨƥһεδɫĵͣ޾̵ڡ
յĪġؾŵ۱֮һĹϱڴ˿Ҳһ˵Ϣ
һε
ֱҰȫѼʱ޾̵ѳһָһ㴿ڵ͡
ٿУѲһꡰټΨѪɫԲ»谵ĺ⡣
Ǭ޿ǽ㣬һɫڻϲͼ
Ҳɫ㱣Ǹп𾪣ظ
Цӯӯˮ
һУѰȴȻƵģԭء
Ŵ޾̵ƼȡһɫͣԺУȻֳһɴиͷ쳹
޾Ϊƻȥ⣬ʧ֮顭
գЩһƪΪģӡѰУһƷȻô޾̵Ƶһַţ
Ѱе⣬û뵽Եɺ֮£Լõ޾̵Ƶ÷
֣οɶ㡣
Ǭ¶ɫΪ֮ǰΪǸԺ󣬶ȻӦĲ
ԱߵĽ޿Ҳͷ
˴Ѱֻ֣¶ѶȾܲ飿
Ͳˣ͵ʶɡ
Ѱڵ
Ц˵ΣǿɶǷһ飬ɣȽ̨ܶʲôԵ컯ֵһá
Ǭͽ޿ͷӦ
ѰԴ޲ɡ
һ·
Ѫ»ԭϣݼŶߣãã谵ѹ֣УڤƵģѹ֡
һ·ϣ̫ƽɱء
лѩ籩Ĺ캮ŰǬ̹ǣ޵ſֲɱ
ֱֺ硱һʥɢ
ɫɳƮÿһŽСӨӲӶĿСȴ˺գǺ
ҲвеĹ飬ƺëӣȴѪڡ
Щˮܹռ֮䣬ȥ٣ʤ
һ޵ߵľһоʹ˻ٵ¡
һ·ϣ޷ڣѰǶ֪ҪѶٴΣ
ֱʱ
һߴΡɽͻأسڵƽϡ
ɽϣһ飬һƵѪ⡣
ԶԶһѰǶپ棬ëȻ嶼׹ߣǿҵΣոӿȫ
壡
ǬʧгŲĿϼֲ顣
Ǭ洫һˣ弧Ϻĺᣬһλ쵱ľ۴ʥ
Դӽ롰̨һ·ȴƵƵʧ̬ŵֹһΡ
ֹ޿Ҳˡ
㡢ѰԺһЩҲòȥΪƬʵ̫ˡ
ڵպ͹죬Ҫǵ
Уֱڵ裬ǻ²˵żѹ
һ·Ǭûһһǰ㾪֡
⡭˵еɽ徹Ĵڣ޿ݶ죬ɷס
У̨һɽ壬ǵبһǧ˰ޱȵÿһɱʥ͵Ĺ
µǣУɽߣһ
ɽǡ塱
ֻǣǬ޿û뵽Ǿ˵ùǰе·Ͼɽ
һӣ˶ʧȥȫɫ԰ס
ˣҲûл·ˡûãףֻ˭עһ
ǬɫȻʧૡ
һ·Ҳ̫ˣ֪ʱǰ̨صǿߣʱڣܰȻִ̨ǰ
޿һ˿ŨŨĲʣңһ·գҲϲƵ⡭׽ŪǣҪ𣿡
ɫˮ
ѰͰһۣɫҲ𲻶
ϸһ룬һ·պɱ٣ȷ̫ƵһЩ
һ룬ˡʱûþˡһܵʬΧ
òӳɱ٣һ·ϣ½ˡ硱ɳˮȵȹ׶ֻ
ⱾԵúܷѹֺļ£һ޵ߣֻѱֲʱ
ڵã˴˵еġ塱
֣ûз֣һ·ûκһ޵ߣȫǸɱٺֻ
ɿ촫ЩԾֻ֤Ҫôȷ̫Ҫôߵ·߳ˣ
ǻɡ
ѰһҪ˵ʲô
䣡
һɿֲӺ󷽳Ѱɱ
̫ˣ
⧲֮£ѰͰֻƾ豾ܡ
ײУѰӰһģ˳䲻ˣȴñ𣬼ۡ
һһƺߣһס
㣡
ͬʱѰͰ뿴㣬ղųֵͻȻ͵Ϯģ㡣
ˣĿӦ
Ǹһ·ƭλĳʵпǷȴòˡ
㿪ڣ˵ǿŵϣȴһǸⶼûУһĨ޵΢Ц
˿̣żǬŽ޿ԶԶǧ֮⡣
Ϊʲô

Ǭͽ޿Ҳɴ۾һ㵣û뵽ʱ̷顣
˸Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ˿˶ǳԾȻ
ʲô
ΪҺһһʽס
̾һ׶ջ̫ˣҲֻλĺԸǡ
ɿ㲢ûгɹ
Ѱ䣬ɱơ
ЦˣŲɵļᶨζǴ˴ѱɣ
ĿԶ壬𣬲Ƭ̣ɽϵͻὫλɽ£ȻһĥǵѪֱ꣬𡭡
˵ֽĿؿѰͰֱӸǣںܾǰɽ£ĥĵ۾Ǿûӹ˽ô



1743 ѹġ
һɽĥ۾ڣ
ѰͰнһ
ৣ
Ѱˣն
۵һӰĭ㱬飬
⣬ңңЦ֣ٷˣҼȸôɿܻὫԼΣ
ˮӰһĴط͡һǧЩƣֻˮӰǼĶݷܹϢûޱȵӰ䱾ʵԶݡ
дһ˿ʣòµһ·һﵷģ
һѪ»ԭͼɺϵײճǱоյرܿġ
ƫƫأЩʬԱˣ
зڣЩҲηⱾ̫
ֱһ·ĹգԿǺ֮ҼƵԶɱȡ
ֵķĿܶ͵ùйأ
ڣףҲڸȷһ·ָ·Ҳֵֻķ
ϧףһ
һʼҾûгŹˣȴû뵽ǱһΡ
Ѱü²˳٣뿪뿪

δ£һܼײ𣬾ͼԶϣһգϯ
Ĺ⣬ɫӿռһ˲ͳѰͷֶ¡
һ̣ѰͰ˾Ƶıţ֮ǰ
¡
ɲ䣬ӰݺѹɽײʧڹС
ڳˡ
ԶƾһӡŵķĸͷʳɬĹ⣬Ӱǡ
֣ô£
Ǭ˿ʶһ·ϣһ壬ѰͰһѣ
ŭ֣类ʬɱˣԴ˵ģ
޿Ҳ¶ŭ⡣
ɱѰ˵ֶΣҲһûУ˿ֻ嶼һ䡣
ɫȻΪ΢ЦʬģЩ֣֮һѰˣ˭롭⡣
㡭
Ǭͽ޿һ飬ŶŪףԭһƣڽѪ»ԭʱͿʼˣ
֣һ·ҿʩչ˻ЩֲֻɱѰˣÿһζоյػ⡣
˵⣬ҶòϣѰһֶοʵ˲ãӦ֮ݹǿչŵ֮ͬУܹ֮ȼߣҲֻôһС˰ˡ
¶һĨʧ֮ɫֻǿϧѰϵıһڡڵ۵սеرһյ׻ʬͭɣһϢĶУһڤӽ۵ԪһĪ֬ƿ
䣬Ϊһ·ѽѰϱﶢϡ
գȻһ̾һ£ȫûˡ
壬ǿąֲ̇̄һɽĥĵ۾
ѰͰѹֹҪϱҲ
ʹĵĵط
ǬɫΪҪִԸ֣֮ΪѲ𣿡
ǰһ·ϣֿɴǶΣΪλҪɱ
޿ҲЩ޷ܡ
ɫ䵭ƳһۣӴΪУ̰ϵıôڷͬˣ
סڰǣ
˵գƮȻȥ
Ǭͽ޿ɫ粻м䲻ǲֹһ˵ĺ⡣
Ļ̫ˣ˭²ʲôʱ᲻źۼؽҲɱˣ
㣬Ҿһ䣬Ϊʲô
Ǭ
ʱѣͻȻ֣ԼȫʶԷˡ
ҺѩһʽףֻҪɱѰѩڷ̨ϣҶȡʥ컯
ͷҲصλֻһ֮ˣѰ׷ǹʣֲгޣ֮ɱ޷Ϊҵĵ;
Уٲϣɾ޷̨ˡ
ԣǬŭƨĴ֮޷ıưˣ߰ɣҼǬӴ˾͵ûѣ
ԶȥӰ˶٣촽ǷһĨڽǾ۴ʥˣɡ
ûлͷ
ʦ֣öԣ
޿һˣȻսǿֶǿ󣬿Ҳֻһ֮ͽ˲ݡ
ǬɫҵҲû뵽ˣǻǿһ£Ƭлɡ
ֻǿϧǵ˽ܣòݲŴӹŻ߳ûǿչŵⷢʣ޳СС
޿̾˿

塣
ǵһǧִٰڣһ̸ɫĴ֮ɽǣع졣
û֪ɽײһİķӡ磬Ϊѹڴ˵ǿߣԶȥ
飡
ѰͰ屻ݺڵϣǰֱðǣǶѣסʹƺߡ
˾ܱɻǵһʱ̧ͷʶɢ
һƬİŵؾ磬Ұźصĺɫ
Ǵϣ龡ѵĹǺƸļкͱһȥͷ
⻹֮£
ѰͰһۣҪɻһָͷ޷̧
ֻСģڵԽԽ𣿻˵ڵ۵ս֮ǿչŵЩ۾Сȫˣ
һ˻Ƽɬܾʱû˵ԴеʧȴΡ
¡
һ˲ѰͰֻһᣬһϵĺɫٿȻԶİС
ſԶǵİĻɢӳֳһϵĵ̨
̨ϣһݵӰϥͷɢһڵ飬类ѹһͽ
һѰ˵ǴӰӳ
ǣջʱ͵غݺݱ̢Ӱϣú߷ްС
嶼Ҳڣޱʹ࣬죬ɢɬĹ⡣
ƾӰջǱһ̨ϣ޷Ųһ
ۣ
գһغ󣬻ĴָϸݺݴӰļιǣᴩ
ѰͰסˡ
ԭΪϵһֲֹĶԻᱻѹĥ
ڿЩҪԸģ޵ߣһѹڴ˲֪µĿӰ
˭
Ϊλᱻѹ
µǣղŷӰ߷һϵŽǶܵ˴˵أ
ͬģӰҲΪ˸شۣĿƺչ˷ɣб̢ѹ

̨ϣӰٴϢŴޱߵʹлָһԹʮ˻
϶϶ʱ㷽ɽͳ


1744 豺Ͷ
˻ƵİĿռлصëȻ
϶
ɱɽͳ
Ѱķ
һν棬ʥؾڣ뱻ؾĵطõһƪġʡ
֮ͨͨһ־ӡУѰ֪ս飬֮ϵ֮ͨȴڹгԹһ
ѣִƴǷǵħ壬Ϊɽ֮
Ѱƿ֮ͨţ㱻֮ͨһ־ӡĹؼʱ̡
Ƿɽ֮ġҵʡ֮ͨ־ӡ
⡰ҵʡһƪ롰ĵʣѰӡؾá
Ƿζţؾͷɽ֮йأ
ʱǱѹڵ̨ϵĿӰҲԹ˻ᵽ֣ҪɱɽͳѰܲ
Ѱǵãڡǡʱչ˵
ʦ𷨺ţĿᣬⲻܴ
Ҳζţɽ֮ķţ㲻ǡƵɵǳǳ
ʱѰȴǿҵĸоⱻǿӰԹ޵ġ϶ֻ¾Ƿɽ֮
֣Ӳˣ˵ظǿɲĽط򳹵
ʱɿ촫ɫޱȣͷȻ
ѰһӦҲԣ
ʲôطΪѹһˣȫδֲ̫
ǵ̨֮ϵĿӰָúεǿ󣬲Ż⵽ˡɡչˣ
Ǻǣ豣Ϊβ˵ûץֻ𣬹
̨ϣӰЦżˣȻӱ϶ѹ޷ؼգԻɱ
象ֻţ
İѰͰֻпӰһˣȴƺһС象˽̸
ңԴдŶԸޱȵļ
˵𣿿ѾΪӳɱʱ㶼ֹ
ӰЦ
ѰͰɲ
塣
һǧ˰ٵѹһ̨ϵĿӰѵǡ񡱣
ˣ˭
ѰͰ²ȴԼо豵ĴڣΪ˿غѹӰס
һĿߣ
ӰЦصʬĸΪǷɽǽѹڴˣЩĿܱɱˣ
ʲô
Ѱͫһһ仰ͷ𵴣˲жϳ豱ȻҲǷɽ֮
ͬʱҲѰһۣȻҲµˡ
˵ӱɱһֻ
þӦ𣬵̨ϵĿӰΪŭȻͦĿ͸ݵͷ˲Ѱϡ

һڿӰұе͵ӳճѰٶ֮죬Ϣֲ֮죬ﵽ˷˼ز
ѰܣһӰӳ
͵һ䣬㱻û죬ٿȻأºݺݲӰϡ
ʹƺ𣬿ӰȴЦƺޱȼ豣ˣ
Ц羪ףİ硣
ʱѰͰҲڿһͻأֵӰ
һͷң£ԷƵ꣬Ϣ޻ѰѰ
ɵǣȴһֱΡĳϢ
׶죬Ѵͷ
Է꿪ڣܳơ
ѵѵǡ
Ʋ³ʲôͫ¶֮ɫ
˭
Ѱ̲סʡ
һһɡǱѹļǡϡ桭̫ߴսǿġۡ
׶졣
ۣ
ѰҲĲǵ̨ϱѹĿӰһֲޱߵĴڣ
дŲƵľ⣺У̫ߴУΨһһڵ۾гɾ͡һ֮桯ҲһֱƺΪ桯Ǽ٣˵硡
һ֮棡
Ѱɫ䣬ֻǴţҲļ¡Ͼ̫ߴǿһλ
Ӵͷ
̨ϣǿӰЦ豰豣㲻Ƿɽһڴ޶۵һȱ۲˵һѵ֪ĴԴѱٿݽߣ׻ҷ𣿡
˵ɭȻɱ˶Ϊľ֣Ĩȱ۵Ҳ̵סһֱҲ޼ƿʩ
꣬ƴԪ𣬻ĥһ۾Сɶû
ڣӾˣô̲סˣ֪޽Ҫʱ̴𣿹
Ӱ̲סִЦ
ѱѹ£գ޾尾ĥȴû뵽ڽգؼյϣ
ˣѰͰףǰ̨صЩǿߣǱɱӰУ
˵ˣ
ԿӰƣһֱĬţǣɽ´ʱڣҲԵúܳơ
ƫƫأֺ޶ԵķӦȴǿӰؿһƣоһȭգܡ
̲ס豣㻹ҪˣֻҪһӱĻᣬʱǷɽȫ
ܡ
豵ĻشԼ֣࣬ƽ
ǿӰñףܣ豻һµľͷ񣡡
䣡
һ̣Ӱ͵شӵ̨վ𣬻¡¡죬Ҳ޷ѹء
ͬʱһɿֲޱߵƴǿӰɢһŵڴ˿̾ˡ
̬ͷɢȴ֮֮ǰͽʵģȫһˡ
ԶԶһۣѰͰֲꡢľҪѣһֱϢС
ڴʱվߵԷ곯ǰһ
һѣѰͰӹŹǰܵ峹ױ⡣

̨ϣӰ𣬻ɢѹ죬ǳڵơ
ͬʱԷһҲˣ
һӴϰεضĴɽſҡ飬Ρͨ졣
һ˲ѰͰʲôˣʶйȫһ
㱼䣬ֻһ£޿⡣
ķѰϵһơ˿ٿȻһѰʧ


漴Ӱŭ˻𣺡ѲΪ䱾Դ
ֹ˲֪ã·һɲǣҲ·ţհ׵Ѱٶһ
׶죬ʦɵףŽѹڴˣ㷴˼ǹҲһ
ϧվǱƣԲ
Էǰơ
һ̣Ѱȴס
ΪԷĵ𣺡Сʦܣһá


1745 ʦֵ
á
Ѱ˼شӦ
ˣ
ӳ
һ˲ӰžţǾֵ
ܻ
䣡
Ѱֻ¶ûʶ
ֹ˲֪ãһůӿָʶ͸֪
һİķӡ磬ػѹ֡
Զ̨ڣֻһѹĿӰȴˣյġ
𣿡
૳
û
ϣһƵ
Ѱ̧ͷͿԷվߣڵļӲϣһĨʵº͵Цݡ
˵Сʦܣ豣ɽһԷ򣬿Ϊұʦ㻯УھţԻҾʦ֡
Ѱ񣺡Ѱʦ֡
ЩľګͷСʦܱǿ׶˵Ĳ޶ۣʦҲ˵ľ񡣡
һԺϲ֮ɫ
Ѱһ
ӡУƿضսʥʦ֣޾ؾ̤š
ʦңŵȳ顣
ǲıѩʦ֣´ţ
΢ʦ֣򱻴޾ӵһ־Ϊ˺Ȥ
Ѱȴû뵽Լλʦ־һʯľګˣ޼ӣ׽
ʦ֣ղžô£
Ѱ̲סʣ˵ʱϥһ࣬պϣƳں˯
ûоŰ
Сʦܣо𣿡
ϣ۰ͰͿѰ
ѰȻУһ̳صļ˹ȥ
豴ϲž̳ʹһŰͣʹ죬˵Դڴ˵غûƷƵζˡ
оǻ
Ѱûж˵ļ˵Ҫʦֺһʹ졣
豺ܸˣϾЦݡ
Сʦܣѯ飬һ治֪Ϊڵ۵սи˺ʦ˵Ҵ;Ȼҿʲôδ˵Ը
ܿ죬׷㣬˵˵Ҫɵ֮ǰһֱ׶ǰȻʦӦˣҴ˵أ֮ұһֱػ
ΪҪô
Ѱ̲סʡ
ġ
豳ڵ۵սУҵĶֱǿ׶죬Һɱʮ죬ȴûܽɱˣֻһܾˡ
Ʋ֣̲סһƣۿ죬˻Ƶʱұ̫ݡʦܺʦǾͲˡ
Ѱзһڵ۵ս÷ɽһЩҲˣ
ǸǺεȿֲһս
ʦ֣㣬𡣡Ѱ
豳̾ʦҲ˵ͳ֮˲пᣬҪҲΪ˰ûڣҡǲģ
ü価ʹࡢߺޡ
Ѱƣݸ豣ȻԼҲһĬĬһ˵ʦ֣ܸܲҽڵ۵ս
ҡͷСʦܣⶼǺܾǰˣĻ͵ͳ֮йأǣҲ̫ڸ㣬к棬ҼܻӰ쵽Ժĵ;񡣡
Ѱһо⡰ڵ۵ս򵥣
ЩǸȻͷοǵ۾ڲܲ㰡ʵʵУԺʲôʱ̤ϵ۾ˣ˽ЩĻҲ١
ѰһΣףԼΪ̫
Сʦܣ㿴
óһһ⣬㣬׶Ӱ
豣϶˵ҶɱģѵҪΥʦ׶ŭ
ţѰСʦܣǶۣһڻеĿȸɫս̫ʱλߴ֮ס
ѰѲ²⵽ɵõʦָ豵ȷϣɲ⵹
һλĵ۾ڣ̫ߴ֮ףǵϵ棡
ƾͨ죬Ҳѹڴ£޷
Ȼ𺳡
ѰԺĪֳһͷ۶˿ֲôܹ֮Կľʦָ֣ӵжߵΪ
뵽⣬Ѱͷһ󷭹֮ǰ豸ĸоʯغף㶼ˣǺεǿһλڣ붼һλ۾
˸豵Ļ׶̲סЦСʦܣһֻСǷɽˣ޳ɽѾû䵽ȵز𣿡
ԴУӡ
һλ̫ʱµĴ۶ԣѰľ۴ʥȷʵֵһӡ
ѰЦǺǣҲѹڴˣ޷
󵨣
׶ɫһ
ž
һ̣ڿ׶ϵһ⣬͵𣬺ݺݱ̢£úʹҽУ嶼鴤ŤӰ󰵵
豳֮ҲҺСʦ˵׶쵱Ҹ豲ڣ
׶ɫԹ粻϶ʲô
һӣǺ죬ŭˣڵ۵սУǡа㣬ʲôʸܾˣ

Ѱʶʦָ豺Ͷ۵ĶԾУĻ
׶ɫ粻ߵبʤܿܣúľ񳶵
ĿƳѰһۣ͸¶ƥɱСһܲ϶ĴԴʹһˡ
һһ٣Ǻ⡣
ԼȴնѰˣ
׶죬㻹ûԼĴ
ơ
ž
͵أһǧرӣݺݴ¡
׶췢ҽУ嶼鴤ģͰʱ
ٵ⣬㱾ԴѺľȻ϶ˣҲԾ
ˣ׶ɲ˻𣬡С飬۵ĺ֪ǷɽˣҪɱ
䣡
գǳܲסı̢Ӱһֻ˺ۣĿȸʹȥ
ʦ֣Ѿ
Ѱ󾪡
¶һĨ֪нգˣã֮ʣܹСʦһٺþƣѾ޺ˡ
Ѱͷ
ǳɾʦָȴ˼̵ӡ
ӡľګغΪһЩʦܵĻѡش˵
£֪ҲȥѰܲ
Сʦܣ޵Ѽһ鿳Է³۱׾ƽƽܹ׷ʦУۣһ£Ҷԣ޷һ;Ļˡ
ѰָŴ
Сʦܣӽ𣬿׶ᱻһֱѹʮ꣬һоͻᱻʱ򣬼ǵýġɫˣ͵ʦ
˶٣óһСʦܣʦǧҲ¡
ֻϧڵ۵սУﱻأֻʣһЩԴҲܣûܻסȫ
У˸Уǡ豴˿̵ɫ


1746 ²ʸ
һǧʹһԷɽ֮֮֡
ѰУĿĵط
Ĵ磬ĥɣ͸ֱŭ֮״Ʈһҷ˿ϸţëɢһƻɬĹ
ʦָԣ˱صԵʣעĿĵط
һ̣Ÿһһҷ˿𣬾һƵ磬н֯
һȥ׹У޳ɼ
˱أбԴڣһ˲õ
豿ڣǧø֮Ѱ
ѰʶԼˣ
һԻһֽУǡƸ޶ɼ
۾Ǳѹ
Ϲŵһǧ˰ٵʵһǧ˰˿ܻ
ѰһƷ˿ǡǧһƱԴڸ֮ǰͶ۵ĶԿУ˹ؼã
˱ĥ̫أŻ׶Щż֣ܳȥɱ޵ߡʱ˵һ׶죬ߴһ֣Ҳᱻѹһ֮£
һĨԺ
ۼ˱ܡ
Ѱȱʱѹ̫ߴۣ˱Ҳһ˲õĵ۱Ҫǿ
豶ʦܣ˱ҪƱܣǽҪͷҪй¶ֻ»ᱻϳ
˵ʱѽǧݸѰϣгһգԽ˱޸ʣˣԵ֡
ѰȻͷ
¶һԷθЦݣҵĴʱ̣ʦܿʲôҪң
ѰЩĪܣʦ֣ûлŵϣˣ
ҡͷ
Ѱס̾ɫӡ
չˡ
һλƿءսʥʦ֣Ҳ²֪
񣬸ҲȥѰ㱣ϣ׻жٷɽ˻ţ

Ѱɻ˸象
ڵ۵սУǷɽλˣÿһǵ۾еٮٮߣֱʮʦܼݡʮʦءʮʦʮһʦܹʮʦԪӡ
˵ʦֵܣеĸʦߣеںܾ֮ǰǰе켣ǿչŵϣΪΪ֤
Ѱ̲סѵ֪ʦ㱻ڴˣ
ͷҵش˵ʱʦͬ⣬²֮ʦֵܡ
Ѱһ̾
˵ʲô
һʼ׼ԣһ޺Ļ
ʦܡ
豿ڣ
Ѱע⵽һƹӸϷţõӰҲޣҪɢ
Ըҹһ
һľګƵˣʱ̣ȴԵޱȺѣһ̳ƣѰ
ѰЩᣬһҲһ̳ơ
豹һЦͷ졣
飡
յľ̳׹أˤķѡ
豵ӰҲ֮ɢ
УֻһĨ⣬ӰԼһΡɽӰ޵ľͷ󲽶ȥ
һĨ⻯һƻɬӿѰüС
л̶ͥ񣬵ζת֣΢̨š
ѰУ쳹һ
գЩΪһͥ
ľϷ켺𣬱ɿˮ
ǹʣơΪ֮ɫͥߣķ֮Ҳ
ͥıǡ֮ϣΪ롱֮С
ǸĵԴĸܽᣬ޽ΪʱѰ
Ҳ֪˶ãѰѹƬ̣̳ĬĬͷ¡
ֱԺУѰ˽⵽ڵ۵սУһλִսɽҰԷľګӣնʮλ۾⣬ӳ죡
ʱ𣬵۾ڣ˲֪ͥ۾֮
ֻǼ֪ͥ۾Էɽھţ豣

¡
ǸߴվȻ̳ɢ
ѰͰڼԶɫΪӡ
һ޵̸ɫĴ֮ɽ£ȴžĻ
ɽھŴ˸象̫֮׿׶졭
λϾ뢰ȴһڵ۵ս
գ׶챻ѹڴʮ꣬ᱻױ仯
豣ڽɢ
λ׾ӡľګԷ֮꣬ʣѰλСʦƳģһλغ׵ĳ
ǧѰָѰǵȡ׶ɫ𡭡
ȥʱҲһ޵޽ġͥѰ
ѰĪȻ
ʦֲ񡢲ǡ
ľʯ֮Ӵȴƽ׽ˣһ߳ڵ۵սеĿֲڡ
˵ֻһԷǷɽ޶۵һʦ˵ľ
ѰУʦָ豲˾صˣһλΡɽֵȫĳ
һǿ԰зѰᶨ૵
ʦ֣һ죬һ̽ڵ۵սĻΪ㱨𣬵ʱһһȾơ
Ѱˣŭޱȵ˵ǡڰаæѽ׶ɱ
ҲˣΪûɱ׶죬һֱΡ
׶졭
Ѱ䣬μסˡ
֡
һԿڡ
ţ
Ѱתͷȥ
ӡ
š
Ѱһâ˵һţǷΪˣ
һ̽ĴһĨЦݣǾȥһλѡ
ð
ѰЦŴӦ
ü𣬵Ǹóߣ
ѰĪֳһ
²ʸ
һʦ֣
ֻǣѰķͨ⣬Ҳûм豵һ˿ϢѰһ̾
룬óˡǧ
̨
Ѱ
ˡ
һƷ˿͵Ĵ磬ңңָԶ
ѰЦˣĦķૣʦ֣Ժ˭˵޶ۣҷɡ
ѲµȻǾʦָΪԼŵĺ֣
Լû뵽⡰̨жʱʦ紺绯ΪԼ׼ˡ
ߣ
ѰٳɣǰһϮ°ɫԣεӰȻɡ
Ц׷ȥ
ѰȻָ
ԶԶأ˵ӰʧããҰؼ䡣
ķϣһƵӰ¡ҡԷ
ѰͰȥķͷЦ
²ʸСʦܣһҪš
أһƵӰһʧˡ


1747 ֮
̨ء
һƬУһɽ
ɽ߾ɣ֮ͨ⣬Ρƺƣۻſĵһ壡
Ŵɽ֮ĺģ֮𡱣
ب޵߻ɣܹ֮ӵУΪ̫ۻ롣
ȻܹɵʥˣڴɽǰҲһСϰĸо
̨λ֮ϡ
ʱ֮ǰüһĨ𺳣ƺأ׳˹
һҹҴ촹ٲʯľɢӨʥԡ
Уʵʣл硢ꡢ⡢صȵתѤͷ׶Ŀ
Σڤڤ֮ȴ紥ֿɼ
֮֮һκ޵߷һ
Ųųɵ۳ܣ
֮ɽǣҪʱ䣬һʣҲζţǵɽҪ֮á
ԱߣѩȻڡ
Ʈҷɣӵһͥˣǡǹ£ӳĵλȻ
νһֽɰĴֻ̫Ϳ񱩣ɽ㣬֮ɽ·ǡ
ǰκ޵һؽûɱ
ԣɽֻܵȡ
һĿƳԶ
֮𸽽ֻһȺˣħͥĻһˣս塰ագս塢ˮս塢ս塭
ЩɫͥʮսĴˣûѰ޵ߡ
ΪǲʸҲûʵִ֮
֪˴ν޵ߣǧ򣬿ҲֻôһС˵ִˡ
һС˽ǼѲĺݽɫ
һЩ㶼Ϊɵ
ϵĺһǿմʥʮλĿֲɫսǿƥ
еϺĺᣬᣬǿӲλǿմʥʮ
ǿչŵҲͬеİսĴڡ
Լ޾ڳ֣ȸͷעᴦơ
ԣŻѡѩнףɱѰΪۣѩİ
ˣ̨̤컯ʱɲȽɫ
֣ȷѰˣ
Ȼѩڡ
˼Цѩӣ㻹ҵΪô
̧һһĻ֣ϱӳֵѰ˱ѹһĻ
ͽҲ̫ùˣδ̫
׿̣һʱɱ˲֪ˣޱţá
Щͥؿڣٽֻ
ΨѩɫȻʵһûأ
̲סЦˣܣبǿߣȫˣлһλ۾ڡ
˷׷׵ͷϿ˵֮ҲǾһ׶ޱȵ֮ɽ
˵һأ
ѩظһ顣
Щ죬ȴҷŭ
ѩǿմʥܵͣſǰ֮С
ΨͥġӡһſǰĴ컯Ϊ͵Ѹɱȡ
̽Ϣǿմʥʱѩؿһɳ죬ǰʮ֮УǳһǰʮҲǴϣ
㻹ҪѩæҲֻ̡
룬˵ӻţǰ֮𣬱Ȼ辭
˵ţóһžɷƵƤͼչѩǰһλõ˵㡣
ǡǱѪӡب·;֮ϣСҹȺû֮£ʥ֮ڣܵӵзҲУ
ɫţ֮䡣
ѩ˵ͷ

ǱѪ֮ϡ
͵ֹãƺǴ˵ǱѪӡ
ѰҲüͷһ壬Ҳ˵⡰̨ڣǱѪһպ׶֮ء
ֻǣƾθӦҲûвա
ܿ죬ҲӾƽûһԤ֮е׳֡
ˡ
УһƷ˿Ʈҷһƴָ·;
ѰͰһۣվǰһ̽
ӰѺ׶ĺִ˰֮ɲκһ˿Σա
˶һ
⡭
Իˣʲô
Ѱ˿еġǧԼˣЦ߰ɣûΣǸã
ֱӰʧ
һ䰲ĹǱѪӣźȻ֮ǰǱںӵһͷͷҹ羪긦㣬˿
ֻǣѰͰ˽ԻȻ
һ·ϣеЩΪһЩ֮أԵúܷһֹļž
ƾ˴Ҳûзκһ⡣
̫ԾˡоǾʱתܵϲԱӡ
һ·ϣԾ˲֪ٴΣЩƮ
ϲǷҲ֪ȷһ·ϣ
ѰĦеġǧӿů⡣
ʦָ豵ȷȥֻҪСǧڣͷ·ʦһֱĬĬһ̤ʵİ

֣ˣŲġսǷѾĻɽ֮۲֣׼˶ɱС
֮ǰѩյĽҲ֪ˡ
Ŀ˸ָƤͼϣѩ㿴˹ǱѪӣһ·ϻɱʥġǧɽ׼۶ȴġ󡯣С
һ˵ص㣬Ƿ̨кպĴ
Ѱ죬ӹһΣ̫ΡĴΣ
˵Լоܻ
Щ趼û壬Ϊһ壬ҪѰ
Ϊ̫شˣѩʡ
æҡͷѩӱᣬô˵ɣѰܻų֮ǰĨɱУ
Դϣ
𸽽һЩ޵ע⡣
սգͲѰˣһ̨ǰݺݴһء
һЩ޵Ҳɫ졣
еֻеɫζеһñļģ
ѰȻˣ
ɺޣôˣһûȥء
лȻϡ
ˣҲ˳ˮۣѰɱϢ˵֮϶١
һʱ䣬ԶһЩ޵߶ˡ
磬ʢ貵Ľɫ֪ѰѶüӣüʱԼֻøѿ
Ϊٸģû뵽Ѱȴˡ
ڰеɳͿݶɣҲ⣬һ㵵ģ
Ƕϵˣ
һʱ䣬˽һɫѿо֮ǰıһǻѪȫ׷ˣ
ѰôԾôˣ
ɳɫߺޣҧгݡ
ɮ˿ݶҲһƣ໰ĳ嶯ˣ㣬ǵĴ£



1748 ֮
ʱԼĹͣɫ̩Ȼ΢ЦλѰĳҾӹ룬λȻȱһ֡
һϯ̼ɳͿݶɫɱĳ嶯ˡ

ͬʱھ֮ǧ֮⣬ѰͰããҰؼ䡣
ѰĥͲ򡾴ͥ
ڴ;ķ⡣
ǰеٶȲ죬ͥŲ˵Ĵݺڡ
ţ
ȻѰϢȻű仯紺͸ɾϢ
ٿѰɫⲽǰУȴ䣬⣬֮У޷԰Ρ

⵹
ԽѰӴѰڵϣʺ͵Ǻε֮׿ޡ
µǣѰи˵֪ʱһֱڿ̿Ŭţ
е̲£µе̻˸Ŭ˵ĻѰ˰ɣ
впŻ˽Ų
ѵãɲΪ·ƻѰһѵõ

Ѱ˿̵糹׷ſգڡͥС
Ǿʦָһе֣һλսѹ̫֮׵ǿ
˵ȴУѳƵǡ۵֡
ʱѰ֮أ½ӳֳࡢࡢơסֲӲӵĵ⡣
࣬Ϊ
ľΣ࣬νҳ⣬ɫУĿ
ͥУˡ֮Ѩ֮
Ϸģ࣬νĵһ֮У׾ĺղأͨ
֮Ѩ֮
켺ƢƣƢй˼Ƣ鶴ͨ
ΣףɡΪ𹬡
ɿˮڣڻˮ
ͥıǡ֮ϣΪ롱֮УǴ֮񡱣
˾֮أԳֵС
սʱܻ࣬߷
ܾǰڵ۵սУͥ۾豣һÿһ࣬ͨǵ֮ɱһڶɾѪǿ֮ϣ
֮񡱺ӵ֮ء֮ζ֮֮壡
ǡͥɸ豵쿪ϵ֮Ϊ컯ƥ
˴·

֮Ѱ֮أɫʣ糱ˮˢġΡƢΡ
ڣ籡뵣ϷڣԼ䣬һ޵Ӱڲͬĵۡ
֮ľţľҲ
һɬĸҲ֮ӿѰͷ
ף֮ͥȴ塢֮
⣬Ǿ;
ֻǣʦָľ۵;ԡࡱΪкһһϢԲѭ
Ѱĵ;ԵĲͬ
ͥѰҲ۽磬вƼգඥ֮С
ָУѰԵԷˣĵҲ֮ˮǴߣ
ֱѰѴͥĴ󾳡
ֱ̾ɫζ¾
£Ѱ۴ʥ֮Ϊ̾ڣ֮أ̻һƵ顣
Щ飬õķ࣬ģֳࡢࡢơסԡ
ɫ飬ͻΪʵֳԵġɫࡱľ飬ֳ桱ɫࡣ
ֱִζ飬ͻӵԼġζÿɢĸԲͬζ
¾ӵиԵʶ͵У
ˣ֮񡱱ɴΪÿһΪԲڱҸͨ
ҵķΪ¯Ϊһз֮ܽһ¯֮ڣؿڵ뷨Ĳϣ츲صɱ䡭
Ѱв
ҲĿǰԼյ㴫У̫޾ɾȴн̫ߣܹںϡ
ͥҲͬˣ
ҲǴʱѰʶľګ޶۵ľʦָ豣ʵǺεǿһλڡ
ƾ⡰ͥţ

УѰĶѹһܻҰѹֵء
Уȴһ־ס֮С
ͬʱ㣬ȻȻͻˣһֺ졣
ӿɽХ֮Ϻ˵Ϣ֮ڽ
ǡƳӳҡϡ
۴ʥڣ
ϴνʱԴؾ̷ֱ֮Ųһʱ䣬˳ͻƣ
컯
Ǵ˴ǰ֮棬Ļڴʥвͻͽɱ䣬롣
һֱעѰĶֱʱһͥŲǰУһߴȻƾϣҲһ󷭹
κβ˼飬Ѱ֮󣬷˳£
ϲ֣ٶƾ
ЦŹء
Ѱдпһңʮޣһ򣬲ѷڵ֮컯ܹʱƾҲʵҵϡ
һ̸߽һǰС
ûãԶԶ˿һɽۻͨ죬Ǭ嫣
ԶɲС֮С
ɽֱۻòӵУ
֮𣡡
³ĸ֣
ͬʱѰеġǧţһһֱΪѰ·ķ˿Ҳ
Ѱ˱С𣬺¶һĨɱ⣬ߣȥλѡ
Цߡ

֮ǰ
ͥʮսȴǿ߽ڵȴš
֮µġѾҪ˴ò˶Ѵ
ôȥѰһֱѶò˰ɣ
һϮۣ쵶գȻֹһ䡣
˶¶Ź֮ɫ
ǴŶ֮ԶѰֻѰʹһܡ
˶ѡ
ңšաƺŵŮһˣӲʲô׶Թֻս
չĳѾ˵ܶˣѰѾˡ
ЩΡ
Щ죬ղֹһѰһ˰ˣֵ˵
Ŷһ𣿡
㴽ǳ鴤ýˣŲţѰ͸ˣǰЩ˵ѰܻţĳĨɱУ
һ
òڰеɳࡢݶɫһһʹˡ
Զɱˡ
ڴʱһȻȻԶ
˶һ̧ȥ
ӼԶƮȻһӰʱ˶¶ɫһ㵡
ô
ʱҲ׻ƵģôôϤ
ʶأŤͷԶȥ


1749 ʲô
ԶĻҰһһŮ
ӰΣʱڷƮͶп֮һԺԨ
Ů鶯㣬ȴһǵȻ󣬷ء
ѰͰ
ˣ嶼ɫ䣬Աƽʧ㡭ǡܻţ
Уţ
У޵Ҳһ󾪲˵ǶѣôͻȻˣ
ѵ˵˲ɣ
ѩü峺з𲨶ĵվǷˡ
ֻǣȴ޷ѰǾδӳģ̫˼飬и
㣬ƭҺÿ࣡
³Եúܷŭ
Ѱʱָûͺãһûʹһܣ˾̫źˡ
⹷յ㣬ƭǡ
еɳࡢݶɶһŭЩ˲֪ٴΣȫΪɢҥԣ
˶պˡ
ɱѰٺˡ
ɳవҧ
ˣ
ݶޱ
ǼһѰ
ͬʱԶҲע⵽Ѱ̫貵â
ԭȣЩźûΪٱ𣬵ڣźˣ
˼
Цˣ̬԰׵ĿϸֳһĨȤ֮ɫ
㲻ѡ
Ѱȴܴ̫˺ˣΰ쵽ģ
һʱ䣬궯Ҳˡ
һУΪԭ϶ȥѰͻȻųǰ
֣𷢴ˣɱһǿۡ
Цٻ⣬쳹С
ɫãһܻ߳壬ȷ⡭
˵꣬ͱѰϣϻɱ
ɫ죬˶ڿ֡
սĴѪᣬſ㣬ɲ⣬ȴԳԱˡ
ɫ֣һЦ㻹棬Լܴ
Ѱ߱ЦЦҽ㵱ѣһ·ȹٴΣȴƿӺңڣ㻹һЦӣԼ
˶ĿʶѰѣǱӺˣ
ɫ࣬˵ʲôȴѩס
ѰǰԹ¾ƣѰҲһǶֻ֣ԴҶȷ̨֮ٽ֮ĶԹΣ
Ѱ¶֮ɫʲô
лȻ
ѩǿվްˣ֪پﰮĽߵĶȫĿĽ㡣
˭Ҳ
󵨣
ԲѷѰҪ
ЩͥȰ಻סŭѰָ
ѩû뵽ѰԴǾ˴³⡣
ƬգҲý
һЩĵͥս塢Ѫս塢ǬͥǿߣĿ˸
ɽۣ֮ѰɱķЩأȫû
Ȼۺ졣
ͥѰսǾԲûһѣ
Ѱ̫ˣܹѾ˹ʺˣƫƫأ㻹֪ǰ֮𣬲𣿡
Ŀ˸
ȻҲпвˣѰΪˣ
ѰûЩǰУɫȻǲɱˣұһѡ
䣡
ԥָ֣罣ն¡
һִƥͨ콣ӳͻͺ嫣ǳУӳֲֳơ

ҡ
ÿϣ
һŭ
˭Ҳû뵽ѰǿƺͰԵ
ͲҲܳжٳֱӱ㶯ˡ
ݣͻͽն¡
㷢ߣſһƬϣбֲѪϢ
һְһѪޱȵȭӡۣϸֳĿĵƣض
ӡ
У̫ʱһצ̽ʮɽӣǳ׹˵ǿֲޱߡ
һ䲻棬ȴо裬һȭе߸ɽӣɱ֮ơ
ǿͫ׽һС
սУһ࣬š㡢º͡ǫѷײп񱩵Ѫȫһ
ңΪ˵͵ٳ֣һɲ֮Уĥ͸
ڣףºǫѷ£ʵһּ˱Ŀֲ
һ˶ľ
䣡
һһӡײ򼤵ԱŽ
һ˲ѣѪıȭӡͺȻը黯Ʈ
һ屻һɣ
Ǻƴͻ͵Ľն԰ףпѪݺϣ̳
ţ˶
һѣܴ죿
Ѱսָкεȿ£
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Ѱ磬һ֣̤ͣٴɱȥٶ죬Ҳǿʢޱߡ
ৣ
һɱݾãء
ѩˣƮ裬ɣԼӰʲӲӽ⣬޳С
ѰҲٿȻӳһƬ̫һؽɽɱȥ
¡
ҡض޹⡣
ۿɼѩĽһѹ飬ƬնѿɲĽ籩
Ӱһģ
һ궯˶΢΢ɫ䣬ⱻħѰδ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ã
ΨĿѿ̾ԾԾԣѰı֣ս
潻棬Ҳܲ
Ѱɫ͡
ѩеӣɶѰԣŮ֮ӽ͵ϮֹһΡ
ѩüͷϵһһӲӣɢõĳ淢⣬Ǭ
ৣ
Ӱӿգٶɱһȫת翵Ůɣƥ
ɱ
˴ⲣ
ͬʱͥҲˣһΧѰ
һʱ䣬ضɲĵͱ⣬ӳֳһؿɲ
ִ֪֮ܵǰǿߣûһѰһɫǾ۴ʥ
иλǿմʥϵĶ
ɱȻҲԵø£ס
Ѱɣ
ԼһЩսǿҲһˡ
ԶԶȥѰ˷ǵ˵ӰΧ֮ƣнɱ
ûж֣ΪǰòƾѰɽ֮ɱʱѱòͬ
ڣѰҪһйǰæ
۵ˡ
ͼУѰһɫݣ绯һ¯
䣡
һ̤Ԩǿɲȫ߽⣬ɢ
ݺأ뷨ħƳУ֮ǿʢʮ԰
ԶԶһգâɣ޿ڸǣ

ûãѰһ֣Գ㣬ٿȻӳһǰͥǿնɱ
ۣ
ͷ׿գѪ١
Ŀע£ͷʬȻ׹أķѣ


1750 Ծ˫ħ
Զ롢ᡢյ˽ԹעսѰչֳĿɲս
˶¶֮ɫ
Ϊû뵽ڱѩΪ׵һǿΧɱ֮£Ѱǿƣ
ʱֻǴʥڣŶʱ䣬ǴʥڵĴˡ
ħ档
ҲǿҵֱԿ϶һʱѰȻùǷ컯ܹڵ;ͻͽ

սУһӢ䲻ĽӴȣͥˣһλս׿ľ۴ʥ
ৣ
һͨڣɢɫսһճ磬ŭն¡
һѣȴЮڣת
ǡնͥһλ۾²һն֮£գɷع
ôͶɱˡ
ͫһƴÿֲɱС
ƣ
ӱȣ˫ҫâһնںΪһ͵
ƾһǿմʥУǰʮ֮Удһϯ֮ء
븧̾
һЩҲ޲Եͷ
һն֮󣬵ȷ˲á
ڲˣΪΧеѰһѺʱ

ֻѰɫȻһѹ
䣡
һɢ춯֮Ƶġӡ۶ӡ鱧̫ɽ
ӡ¯أкһȭ֮ű֮Ԫһն֮Ѹ
һӳŲƥеնֽը
ǰնͷ·ľݽ棬ѡ
䣡
ӡƲٿȻհ㣬ݺ£ǽ˴顣
ֻѪŽ
ȫš
ΧѰЩǿߣԶĹս߽Ŀࡣ
ǶѰޱŵİͷû뵽һλս׿ͥ⴫ˣȻѰһסһӡ
⡭⡭
лȻ
Ǵӵ̡ΪӶӦðܵ˲ҡ
Ͼһλ۴ʥһλǷҫ콾һȫһɱﵣ
Ѱǰȴɶ˻𡭡
ǿ
롢Ҳ¶ɫ
ѰʩչֶΣ򵥣Ͷһǵȴֲޱߡ
ƿʲôߣ¶ɫһҲ˰ԾһУ̫أδš
һ޵ߣ͸ѰǳΪ˵ĸоһڴԨĥ͸
ɶǿմʥǰʮĸԣѰչ¶ֶΣѴﵽһֲּĵزƼ򵥣ʵһִΩΩһ
ǴӲ˴η̨֮һǿĶ֡
ԤС
䣡
սУһսǿһӣһڳƵѪɫ񶦣гʮѪ׳ХѪ졣
ҲһǿĹűƷ಻
һ˲ͱѰһȭɣʮѪ߰㱬鿪Ѫɢ
ˡ
дĿĴꪺɨɫ̣ܻɰǧӰٹҹС
ֻǣȿѰͱѰͷųһƬɫ飬ӵһա
ִɱ޵ߣǱѪشļС
ţ˷ɫɲ桢ɫɫޡɫ޸׷ɱ
һ⣬ԱѰݿ
¯򷨲֣ɫϲɱսУʮУԾ˫
˵ѹˣҪѣ
ǵ޵аķɣս֪پозŭš
֮£ٲȻһɶңѪȵľ
ܣ
ſ
һʼûе͹ѰҲȡıֶΣȥӺѰ
ΪҲұ֤ԿܻɱԷ
û뵽Ѱս˲˼飬¾ѩ֣޷ռһ˿ˡ
µǣսʱ߷ɱˣˣ
ն
ѩ׵ĶͻأɱٲҷģȫԿ
գ佫һն⣬ɳô˻ᣬѰԨȭ磬սǿߡ
飡飡飡
ӰɽײķѣѪɺĿһȻľ
Ѱ㲻ú
Ŀѣŭˡ
֣ڻɱĻᣬҶʱɱζɺܲܡ
ѰȻڣ쳹Уһִ̹ǵĺ䣬вڡ
䣡
˵ʱѰһ£һ͵ϮͥԴֱըͷʬݺڵϣһ̲Ѫ⡣
˭һսľƴһʼѺ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽¼ҹһѰռƵһ
ǰƾս塢ͥĴж٣Ҳֲһˣһһɱ
𺳣ΪѰչֳսʵ̫ˣһһγǵԤ
Ӱڳݺᣬÿ˶һֱ𺳵ĸо
ε˲ã
ӲУһֱѹ̧ͷ
ѩεȾɾޣһ֡ڽ⡱뻯Ƿ켫ٲȻԳһҵĴ
սҲûǣסѰ
֮սֵĽ࣬ǱѰһƿء
λѡϹۣôⲻȥǵڣ˭ҲӲ
սУͷɢɫ˻
սԶĵͥǬͥѪս塢սȵȴǿߣɫò
ɽۣ֮Ѱһ˶սʮɱǲ֪ͬšͬ壬νѪѻⲻ
ԭѣҲѰ侮ʯ
ĿѰ޵аս緶ȴһˣĶҡ
һϣɱ˴ӣ
ԣʱӣ񣬾͸ֵˡ
գҧȣս֡
˼ˣҲ¶ɫӵϡ
һʱ䣬ħͥˡսյˡԼˡ
ЩѰгĴ˽Գˡ
ΪѰı֣ǸеصвΣ֮Уٳɣ
¡¡
սƣȻһ䣬һǿ߲룬֮µⷽͿֲˡ
Ȼü
ֻǻ֣˷ӵɱ֣
ȻЩǿͼܼ򵥣ɱԴǣƺвѰģ
ǸһĨЦЩһһֺֻ̣ǡΪԼܺ۸
ʱɶ١¬˵ȶɱ
Դ̷֮һĵҲѲ̥ǵı仯ɱȡ
ֻǣɽۣ֮һսһֱѰһڳɱڳ󣬼гֵĻᡣ
ɺȻⷴΪܺ۸
ˣ
ذģֳۻĽ⣬ԼӰ翣Ƶĵ⣬ӭϡ



1751 İ
ۣ
һ֣Ӱһƹ꣬ٿȻһǿǰƵһ
ɫ޿ƥе֮ƣж˵ʺһźôͷ­׿ն
ͷʬѪˮʱӰʧԭأλð㣬һĿնȥ
𾪺
֮ǰİһֱԹۣòɣȻȴʶѰߵĸӹ
ֱ˿֣Ըɴַð̬һ˲ɱʱǲųԾ֡
ԭŮ˲Ǻ֮
սʽѰȫһԵú翣Ӱһϼ飬Ҳò˼顣
Щӵɱǿߣ޲ɫ䣬ٴУٲСԥȫˡ
һʱ䣬תȫ򰢺һˣ
ƴ𣿡
Цˣľ֡
һ֡
ಣ
ʮӲӵķɽӳÿһѷɽӡƣһȺƵģ
һ
һָһȺХɱǬϽ쳹Ǭ
𣡡
γ˿һľһףľһͷɫˣ˫ʳڰ棬죬ء
⻹꣬ʱУٴμһ˴̵죬ӳֳɽ
һյ״ƣʮǣӳֳʮӰֲ裻
һԵɫͭ壬öɢɫɢ
һɫ顭
һʢѪɫž黨ĵͼ
һβ׭ƵĽɫ⡭
һʱ䣬ߣıƣ㱦޲ʮ㣬Ī⣬ųͬ
ƬնȾɹͷ׵ɫʣɷ
죡
衭
̫ǮˣλǾ۱𣿡
ԶսһЩǿӲɫޱȾʡ
һĻֱչʾʲôкʲôвƴ֣
ۺǣÿһޱȵĹʥܣϡ
ӵһκ޵㡣
ڣ֣ͺһȺⳡɾ̫ˡ
֪ЩǿߣɼͥʮսЩǿչŵϵĶͳÿһԼҵۺԶѰ޵߿ɱȡ
һĻ˶Ҫ̧ͷֻ̾磡
بǰǿչŵһλ౦ۡĴڣսڵ۾ֻƽƽȴһ̸ɫĺݽɫ
ǱҪûԸԵУԭܼ򵥣౦ʲôȱΨȱ
ֻҪսսǿ̱ۺĴҲܲסڶ౦ĺɱ
ûʲôսǱ˵ģУǾٶһЩ
Ƕ౦۵ԣһֱǿչŵתţ紫档
£չֳĴֱʣҲΪꡰ౦ۡļַɣۺ졣
ɶԺͰսЩǿ߶ԣǾŭӣѹп˵
սǿ֮һɱȣ˶౦һʱ䣬ֳһѹ̬ƣٶֶæң̧ͷ
ǴԸǣƺвѰɺȻעǲˣ

ʱһ˱ڶΧѰڳױˣûٱͷš
䣡
䣬Դɾȡ¯Ԩһ˲ðԵޱߡ
˫УǡԪ

Ԫڤӡ
Ԩ
ԶԶһѰִԨڤ֮߳ףǿֲƣض谵

ڷоǳʢսɱӰƣɵأ˫ŭն
飡
һսì˲䱬飬սì˱һɱѪգҽС

Ѱɫϲὣϯʮء
ڴ˹УǶıȫԨ顢ûȵͷŶ
ǡ޾
죬һѹ
ɱ
һŭ
עͽͣ
ʥʱѰɱി½ǿմʥľ
ʥԲʱһˣɽ֮ɱϰλһĶ֡
οڣ
ûΪͻһΣԸۺƥѰԣŵǺεȾ˵һɱ䣡
û֪Ӻ֮ǰѰģǡ£ҵΨһ޵֮·
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʮѣ½һһǿ߱նɱеı룬еı̴üģеıնϣеֱӱȫ
ɺѪˮŭ˻Ĳҽн֯һ𣬹ճһĶǵɱ¾档
ڻеѰһԨ
ΪΡΪսǿ󣿡
㶼Ҫ
֮ǰѩһ֣ѹƲסѰһ롭У
㶼ܻĴڣȫ߸֪
ʼգѩһﲻһֱԵúܾĬֻɵӽһĨ֮ȥ
ѰǿҲɼĳ
֪Ҳжô컯һšԭžţΪ´ǿմʥʱԼؿ֮С
Ѱչֳսţ
һ˰һڵУأɱݺᣬ޿ƥа㣬ǿֲƣе
֮ԱȣӳĳѰ֮ĲǺε⣡
սֻѾǿմʥǰʮ˰ɣ
ѩзݡ
ʶһλǿմʥĸǵķɣۣ̾ѡ
Ѱ˶ԱȣΪѷһЩ޵аķɣȴǾ˵ƣ
¡
սˣذɳʯ
ۻޱȵ֮£һսģ֮ʢ֮ңȻǸǿչŵϣҲƺ
һȥעһȻ󲨣
Զ벡̬԰׵ϣһƬأһӿؼ䣬ħڡ
ĵ𡭡
ѰǿûҲ޷ƽˣܵһεѹ
޷ǹŻ߳һ˼ľˡ
óˣԽԽǿˣڴ˴Ժעøֲ
ԱߵѪ½ޱȡ
ΨѰĿ£ھսʱѰʥΪѹסӪ
֮꣬ǿ˲֪ٱ
һУڶ̶ʱԤٶѰһЩʱ䣬Ժ˭ѹס
׳գ
ƳѪһۣʱˣӷȣִȥѰΪУӽˮˣʲôʱƣ
ͬʱҲɫרעսѰһһÿһУҲ
ǵģѰչֳٶȳǵԤǿʼӣǾ裡
ͬҲûк԰ı֣Ѱչֳ˲СɰչֳֶΣͬҲе⡣
һӣȴоȻŮӣֹս׿ǿӵ˶ϡű˭ҽӣ



1752 ɱ
ݣҡ
սУѰ͵طһХѨ֮Уͷų޾̫
ѵĽ嫳ʢͻ֯һ𣬻ʮ֮ɽ
ÿһؽɽǧ˰ٵ̫ɣɷʮ
ʶ֮Ϊɷɽ
䣡
ذʮɷɽɢҪɱ䣬ͷųֲޱߵĽ
˲ѣо
ͼÿһɽѹ£ʮλǿܣɽѹǣȻ飬ɺѪ
ǰԾѪȵһĻ˺Ȼɫ䣬ð
̫ǿˣ
Ѱǰ۴ʥֽ㲻һɱ֮׼ҴݣƲɵ
߹ٶ࣬ҲעͽͰˡ
ѰаǡԪ죬ֲɺڤ
ӰԨƣ
ƥħ̬ѩǽֽű䣬ӿ𲻿Ƶĺ
⡭
һ
һ˰
޵УѹУ
ˡ
˼ɱﵣһƪģӡ۵Ϣգҫ۳ʢֲ
ɽһ˲ͱѰԴѹһƪɢ׷ɣա
ͽ͡
ǼɱﵵǿߣֱӱѰûɱ˫Ƶģ˼ķѣ
ǿ󣿡
ɺޣ
ΪʲôΪʲô
У֪ǿ߾ŭɫĿѣ޷һԹŻ˶ѣȴ졣
ǵս۴ʥеѹһееķ緶Ҳĺ;㤡
һߣؼ汸غһڶּս
ûռݾϷ磬ͬҲûбѹƣȫֳһƾе̬ơ
ɼˣҲ˾ѡ
ͬҲһˣչֳսûѰǰԵͣɲѷɫʲô
ۣ
սУѰɱ˺ѣٶնһ֣ȫֳһѹ̬
Ҳɵˡ
롢ᡢǺ֣һս֣ӱɡ
ԶϺᣬǿմʥʮȻڡ
Ӳգʽɫˡ
Ѱǿ̲סҪֵ
ߣԩ޳ΪҪϽȥ
ޱ顣
һϮ£ڻӰģӢ䣬һһĨڶĹ°͵Į
ΪϵĴѪᣬһǿմʥǰʮĸԼİǺ㡣
Ҳˣ̬԰׵ĿϸһĨЦǸһЩɱ㣬ȴϲΧ
ԱߵѪ¼ĶгõĻᰡܡܾܾˣ
Ŀ˸Щ⣬ջǳĬˡ
Уսҡ
ΧѰǿߣ־ѿʼҶҡĲڣٲ֮ǰͺǿơ
Ϊսʱʮλǿ߷Ѱֶ¾
磬Щ۴ʥһһķأ֮ͬƳ磬С֮
Ѱǰ߹Ƶˣ
̫𺳣̫ףȥעҪ䶯ǿգ¶Ϊ֮
꣡
һǿ߱Ѱһ̤ͷ­ǣȻҵأѪȺ̳
ֻǣѰɱʱкȻ˼У
ʧˣ
һ仰ʯ쾪
ԭפԶսᡢˣڵһʱͶ֮
ߣ
죬ʥ컯Ҫģ
һʱ䣬֪ӰҲӦӲͬһ֮
֪֮ۻΡ룬ռؼſصļɽ֮صҲ֮
ѰǼսƬֻǱɽһǰˡ
ЩѰɱǿߣһҲɫã˶һҧˣ֮
ߣ
ѩչֳϵ־ڴ˿̺ԥҲ֮ȥ
ˣǿ߶׻ˣ޶־ɢ㣬ѡã֮
ֻѰĿܴӦô˻ҵʱ̣ԥº֣նɱʮˡ
㻹ߣ
أѰӰһһϣס˴ûߵ㡣
ɫ䣬֣Һԩ޳һпɶѩŮ˵⣬Ϊ㲻ȴƫƫҪң
Ѱ¶һĨڽ֣޳ܿǳҵϣο֮󣬻ܻ뿪𣿡
˵ʱֽɱɴ䣬ϡ
ʱû˶־ʶҪܣˡ
䣡
ֻǣѰѸᣬȫ֮£һɳȥڱѪ
ɫ԰ѿ˻Ѱ治Ҫ컯ˣΪҪΪңĪҪս峹ΪУ
ѰԼļȺŻңͣ
ৣ
ͨϯĪɱ¡
вڣȫʩչˮӰ֮жʱϰٵÿһԺһޣϢͬѷ١
ϴǰƾ˷ߣѰԹһοĿϵ
Ӧܼ֮򵥣Ǳͳͳɱǣ
¡
޾̫ϯ缤ʮǧ磬Ƭն̴˺ѣһĿĵѺۡ
ЩһӰƵĻ
ۣ
ͬʱıһģпѪ켫ܣҲûܵסһȺɱ
֣ԣҲֻ֪ǺѩһףڣҿԺһжԸѩɺã
㳹׻ˣͷɢġ
á
ѰȻǵ֮ǰ˵Ļ㲻ɱҾͰɱ
δ£ѰӰʧԭء
䣡
һ̣˾ͱһ£ݺڴأǶѡ
֮ǰһǿһ֣Ѱɱοһһ
Ҫǣ˿̳ǿ߽һ˼֮𣬸ûȥԮ㣡
֮ҲѰǿһĻᣬ˭һ
飡
ѰӰ£һŲϣ䣬ӵһɱĻᣬҾͰ㶯ˣ
ųǵẮ⡣
ŤַŭΪսĴѪᣬܹ裿
˻ѰѳҵĴһʮٱ㣬ΪҪϾɱ
飡
һ̣嶼ըѪɽ
꣬Ѱһ߬ס
ϡô
ѰĿ¡
꾪ȴ޼£е˵ֻҪܷŹһ·ͳͳӦ
Ѱ¶һĨ㲻ҪĨɱҰ㡣
˵ţ߬󣬳Ԫ񲱾Ϻݺݲ롣
飡
Ȼըһִ㵡ŭԹȻɫ
ƺҲһ̲ʶѰԭһˡ


1753 ֮·
ѰһĿ䣬֮
˭йһβ㱻ɱľ󣬾;޷ԭı֮ͽ
Ȼ֮ǰǹģóٱǧĲѰҲϲ顣
ս𣿡
ԶƮȻһϮȹʤѩּħȵ޿ޡ
ѰڵǰòŸƾ֮ǰսĥʯֻǰҴһ¾ˡ
̲סЦˣΣˣһͦġ
ѰӣεؼǶսһܴĶûУһô˵
Цû֦Ѱһۣĺݽɫɶûأᡢɶ֮
Ѱһɽ
ѩŮ˿ɻţ

֮㡢ۻ룬ɽʯľŨ
ϣƾС֮С
ɬصĽɽ£Ϊٸ֮Ҳֻͽߣ޷Ծ
ɽϵĽ֮ͬ
̨Ϊ֮һبһֱơ
·ϣɿ촫Уûһ޵߻ùɵ۳桯ܣǿչŵϵĴɼţ̨ϣ컯
һߴ;⣬Ѱһߵɵ۳컯̫ңԶȻܹ֤ڣҲڵܹҶԴ˵ûʲô̫Ȥ
ΪȻҶʶ˴η̨֮˵ģǺʥйصһ컯
Ѱ룬ʥʥΪͣ컯ȷκδʥĶ
㲻Ķ
Ѱˡ
ʥַʽ
һ̻ԼԸõŷɻԴԴϵԸΪʥ͡
һǳ֮ӡ֤ٳµĵ;ߵبδ֮ԻáԸӶΪʥ͡
ѰĴƿڣԴ޾ġ֮
ѰӵƾԸΪʥ͵ʱ
ͬѰĵ;Լġ¯Կδеĵ뷨
ƾˣͬӵƾ衰ԸΪʥ͵͡
ʶѰڡʥĻԵ̸϶ĶֻǶԡ̨Ϊˡ
Ѱ˴ǰ̨Ŀģֻɱйأ
һʱ
ɽִѰͰһ߲ϵʯŲϢ
ʯдĸ̫ŵģ֮·
֣ΪʥĿ飬￪ʼ·ϣÿһ̨ףԷֲصĴΨ֮֮ܲϣִɽ۷̨
¶ԾԾ֮ɫ
ب֪жپʾ޵ĸ֮·ʵǶϣ˸ָĴѻ
޵ߣֹڷ֮·Եڵִɽۡ
һ飬Ψǿ߲ܴӱӵɡʥˡɱΪʥ͡Ļᣡ
Ѱ̧ȥͼɽϣһƬ޷
Ӱ
Ȼ֮ǰ֮һǿߣǶѾʵǷ֮·;С
Уɽ۷̨ܣʥߣʸԼһϣҲҵһ
ڣ͸һĨ

ѰȻ
ԣһʥ֮ĵڷ̨ϣԻڤڤеϲ֮֮档
ң˽⣬ǵߵֻ̨ϲӵУֻҪܻô˵ӳ֣Ժ֤ɵʱŲ˼á
Ѱʱݡ
һֻ̨ӵеϲ֮ӵã
ȷܲ˼飡
Ǿͱ𵢸ˣʼжɡ
ѰѾЩȲˡ
һչж̤Խһϲɣġ̤֮ϻʯס
ৣ
һ˲Ӱƾʧ޷Ѱٵ
Ѱʶһ֮·ҪԶԼлҪһЩ
˼
ѰûгɣҲȡж
ӰԽ֮Ųδʱ
ͻأأһӰϢس䱳ĵһ׶Ѱ
ʼգûвһ˿ޱߣ
Ѱ糤۾ΣޱȵĹؼʱ̣һšٿȻ
ͬʱбӶ

ĺ𣬻Ľ
һӰ˳
ӰݣֹͫĺɫڻɫУȻչڵġʹߡɳ࣡
ף
Щȣû뵽ѰӦ֮졣

ͬʱһĺѰͷᣬк˿˿Ƶĺɫ⡣
Щһϸţë棬ļµĹ
ˣܱϮ£ܹӦܿһѣֻҲ벻ͷջиֲɱӿ֡
Ѱȴδ֪ӰΨ֣̽һָ
ָģ
һָ˿˿Ƶĺɫߣɸ˵ĸоͷ·ѰǰңԶ
䣡
ɫ飬ɫɢ
ͬʱУһ𣺡ѵвɣ
Եزؽĺɮ˿ݶɵӰڲԶ
ֻ˵ֻԽԽƻˡ
ɳ̾ɫȴɥ
ѰԨԺڰ֮ĺݽɫޱλĳǶʱˡ
䣡
˵ʱͻȻ
ӰһѸ͵ıף纣֮ƣԾ֮ɳȭɱ
ɳɭȻһЦӰٿȻʧԭء
ѰҲһȭ͵𣬳ߵȥƴɽɱ
飡
ըͬʱɳӰĵˣɲȭɡ
۵һѪɫɷףһţ㾹ܿҵ٣
֪ʹߣһóıǱεֶΣƾ˵ȶ츳ûɱϢ֮䣬ǹͿ¡
ڣѰȴƿһαװ
ǽ̸÷飬ױ¶
ৣ
Ѱϻһ֣кɨһǺչ
ɳ෢һֽУӰͻأʧԶԶܿ
汻Ѱղһȭŵˡ
򣡡
Զݶɼʱ֣һںɫӳϱķܣ󣬳Ѱֶȥ
ѰȭĿֲͷš

ɫ񷣬ҡҡ׹
ԶĿݶ嶼һɫ΢䣬˵ֱǿᵽһֺ˵ĵز
ߣ
ɳȡ
˿һ٣͵ʧȥĵƣѰĿ£ҲɳʶΣա
ʶԥѡ˱ܣɽȥ

ͬʱݶɵӰ糱ˮ㣬ɫķܳȥ
Ѱ㣬ûлȥ½أûҪΪһɱԼעưոݡ
ĳϱߵλٴμ١
Ѱָָ֮ɽۣ̤ϡ֮·


1754 ӵ޳
ৣ
˲䣬ѰֻӰһΣһصĸоȻ
һɽ·ɽ·ȴһ߲ϵʯףϡ
ϣĴϢһصѹ
˲䣬ѰһӿĴУǵصֱꡢľΪϣ޷ܡ
ৡ
Ѱ֮תŽһ⡣
˼
Ѱ¶һĨɫ
֮·ϵĥǼ򵥵ԿҪ޵ꡢľΪ㹻ǿС
֮ꡢľΪУһκһС߳ȱݣעᾭܲסĥ
Ϊӡ֤ԼĴ⣬Ѱʰ׶ϡ
Ȼ϶УʯϵĥҲ֮ǿ
ʼӿ籩ɲѹ֮
ܲסǻ
ľܲסա
Ϊܲסң
һⲽߣѰһš
ڱڷƮʯ֮ϣͥŲ
Ƿ֮·
ب֪жٹڸһҫǿյľϣ˲֪˽ֵĴѻ
ܹͨĥִɽ۷̨ǰģվǷëǰĴڡ
ǿߣȻֹԵڷ컯
Ҳˣ̤֮·޵ߣ޲СĽȫԸ
ɶ˶Ǻˮްĥ֮·Ѱǰȴˡ
ףѰΪꡢľѴۺޱȣԶԶһɱȡ
ʶ֮·ϵĥԣ̸κ谭ѡ
ƣʰ׶ϣϾȥһ·ϵķ羰Ҵݡ
ûãһӰӳѰҰС
һսĺᣬһϮۣʰ׶ʱɫ԰ףͷ亹Ʈޱȳ
𣿡
Ѱһʯףߡ
ʶۣۡ
˵꣬ԣ͵һ㣬Ѱ
Ѱ΢΢һЦҲۡ
Ӵ㵣ɴ۾ܵĪƵģһŭһѰ
ѰָһһĨӳ۵һ̴ӵüģĵء
֪
ѰҡҡͷǰС
˭
ǰһŮӷȣŤͷѰʱͫһ
г𣿡
Ѱǰʵ
Ůæҡͷ
ѰŶһ㲻ԷӶԷԽ֮·Ϸȥ
ֱѰӰʧŮӲظ㣬ɫӡ
֮·εȿɲֵļһȴͥŲ֮Աȣ̫ˡ
䣡
ûãһսˡ
Ѱǰ·ϣͥˣҪǰУעҪԽЩ֡
Ѱ˳֣ЩͥĿܿԥȫ
⣬Ѱ뿪ʱƬʯ֮ϣߺ˵ʬѪʡ
·ϣѰڷ֮·ϼѶе޵ߡ
вٶͷ֮ǰɽʱѰΧ֮С
ЩˣѰûκοɱϣһ·ѪȺ
ͬʱһ·Ҳвİף޳Թ֣ѰʱЩǿһٴС
Ͼ˵еѰһɱ޼ɣ޼ɵħɫ˭ܲɵ
ɳϣѰʼոûǣõģŻִ
ħ񵹲ǲбɱ֮
Уûǵ°ɡ
ǿչŵϵӢ֮ܺ࣬ǰ֮ĸһѹסӵķͷ棬ʵ˾ɥ
ᡢǿɶ֣

һ·ϣƵҲǲڶ
Ѱ˼ʣ˵ӣ˾ɥ
ЩԲӰ쵽Ѱ
Ȼһ̤Ϸ֮·ǿߣһ·ȴʲô赲ٶ̸̫죬ȴ½Խһһǿߡ
أѰҲʼܵѹ
һ֮·ͨ㣬Եúһ·ϻصĴڣԵúܿ
Ѱתӳֳ࣬ڵͻǱԽԽɲĥѹȡ
ĲȽݡ
һ·жʮˣ䡢ġǬͥԼ軡Ѫ롢桢ս
ѰĬĬ㡣
ΨЩǣֱڣȻԷҲڷ֮·ǰš
ţ
ȻѰע⵽ǰʯϣһģ̬̬꣬ĺУһƨʯϣ
пƺ񣬿鶯͸ǻĹ󣬵Ѱʱһһ࣬һЫģ
ѰûżǰУǣȤԩ޳ΪҪȴ˺ң
ԼǵöԷӣϻɲ
ڨڨЩҺѰӣѷǿսڣ֮·ϵǿߣûвɵѵġ
Ѱüëһԡ
лһ£ƱŵͰ͵ʩƶɮɾûѡ
Ѱ̲סЦˣָָУһ·ϣҲټɵҵˣ㲻һɵңΪΣ
ͷ󺹣ڰ˵вתһ飬һ֮ģ
ѰˣסһѵԼʮɱħͷɣ
һͷһ㵨Сķޡ
ҡҡͷ϶ϡ
ҿɲǵС㡭ĵ;̫ˡ
ֱѰӰʧӣĺгһ긦
츳ݣӵһš޳ġܹһЩѰ޵޷ע⵽ҲܿһЩ֮ġ󡱡
ڷɺӼѰĵһۣͿһݣ㡱Ŀֲ
ֱղſѰȻһУѰϵĿֱֲˡ
翴һ¶еɱѣǳ׹ߡ
ΨسУΪΨһĲ࣡
ǵȿֲľһš޳ġ¶ӿֳ޾⡣
ҲǿյľЩϣŲͬ
ΨѰ㣬˿µ޵ߣ
ʶ֮ǰѰķʱӶ֡
뿪棬֮һҪúһʦ棬ΪϾ˲˼Ľɫ
һеļ¶ԥãſʼɽ·֮ȥ
һ
Ѱüͷɫ䷺һĨء
ѹԽԽˣ
ٿ֮·Զͷ
ڴʱһҵսԶԶ
ѰȻһתȫӿŲǰȥ
أУʯϵľʼ

ѰͫһڿڲԶһʯϣһӵĴѹ



1755 ս

ѣء
ĶһλϴѪᣬǿմʥʮλͬеĸ
֮ǰʰ׶ϣһ·ʰ׶ϣҲٶ֣ɱ˲ˣԶԣɡ
ɾڸղţͻأӸߴʯɱ£˰һֲ
䣡
ɫᣬȭɱѪ󣬴ĿĽâƥȭŷ
ȻԿɱģʯס
ĳǾ仰˳Чңұ֤һ·
ڣ۾ߴ󣬼תͶ֮䣬ϵ˭֮ơ
䣡
˵ʱ֣ȭɱһɫս񣬰Ե塢ǿʢ
¶ڽ֮ɫҹ˳Ȼȥ衢вѰ𣿡

Եú̹ȻΡ

Ц
ΣգѹƵòʱ˺һ΢΢԰
ԭڣ֮·ϣصĴƣκα޷ʩչ
ͬǰУˮۣܵĥѹȡ
ǷУ˳˳ˮԽǿµĥһ֡
˿̵ԭսͼɲǷУǵĥбãһ𹥷
ˣҲϲǱ
˿ɶڸ̨ȴΪ˴Ҷϧ·᲻Ե

ЦͷǹһԼɡ
Цᣬ絶նˡ
䣡
ȭ貣ɽ顣
ײУӰһҡΣвʳһ˿Ѫա
ɽȻ
䣡
ȣɲˣʳʢ⣬һԶʱĶսʥ顣
ƺߣյסһӰõ˳ʯףһնɷס
ʯ׸ߴУһԼɵӰעһУӲ
ѩ
ֱʱڿڣ֣һ޷вѰġ
Ҳƽú
ģұ
ĮȻ
죬Ī
͵һȭһ䣬Ŀֲӳֳɽ⣬дС
ɫ䣬һûĵ£˱ܶܣΪѱһȭ֣֮
ҲڴʱһӰش·ʯϱӶ
֪ʯÿһԸǿɲĥһıϺ赲ȻǶϣҲǲά裬òС
һӰȴ޿赲գۼٽһѽק
ͬʱȭ
䣡
춯ذײ𣬸Ļɢ
ʯϣǵӰ˿Ψһھ죬Ʈҷ
Ѱ
¶ϲ֮ɫ
ˡ
ʯϣѰĿ£ӿԨļµɱ
棬Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫüǣû뵽ͦ졣
ߴʯϣѩһ̾
Ͳһ
ƫƫѰȴˡ
֣ʧ뿪ˡ
ѩ˵ţȥˮΪʱǺѰӲƴʱ
ˡ
ߣƳѰһۣҲת뿪
ߣ𣿡
䵭ĮУѰˡ
䣡
һȭһڴԨ𣬰Ծƥ

ɫһ͵һչɫΪȭ֮Ӳ
һȭֲһˣѪ貳ʢܼķơ
һսɱ
һ̣ײֲȭըϼܣϵʯ̨ס
ѰԳ˳һ
˳һȴȫһ
֮ĥ֮£Ѱˮۣһ̸ʲô
ǷУ˳˳ˮ˵һʵǳ֮ǰнһ
ɴ˿֪λýһУע·硣
ɫ΢䣬ҲʶһеĲࡣ
˵絶
Ѱڡ
˵ʱǰ̬ݡ
ëһͷ̫޶ϣʶԾ

Ըپ˲ӰһΣһâ֮·Ϸȥ
ವһѰ׷ȥٶ̸϶죬ȴ˼縡ӰѼ

ǿմʥʮĸ£˿ҡ
ָ߬ȭ޷ĿɲƣѰɱ
ȭ
һȭѶطѪǱܣƼ򵥵һȭʵɽӣߵ֮
䣡
֮·ϸǵĥһȭ򱬣ȻɢǿʢһͿ
ֻѰܣٿȻһɽ
飡
ɽ˲䱻飬ɽһһɽӿ֣ÿһԸǻͻͽ⡣
顫
˺ҧĤײУɷɽһɢ꣬վһȭȱ߽ĥ
糱纣ĺһɽɱ£æ֮С
ȫ
ֱʮɷɽȫʱЩǱͷɢڣǱơ
ɫü䷺ŭ
䣡
ɲӦѰɱԨһ޿ƥеΰ
˲䣬ѽʮΡ
޷ñҲ޷ݿգһɱȫ·ӲӲ
Ƭ̺Ӱһ򣬱Ѱһڼ򴦣ѪŽͷѡ
۵һƺߣɫ䡣
Ѱ֣ŷֶԷĿ¡
˵ʯȻ
ѰɱУں쳹
ȫ
䣡
ɫȼգɸߴ󣬾ȭɽƱȸղſһء
ɽƬ̣ͱѰһƺϣǰǵĻľѳһϸơ
ڱѪӰǱӹ˸ߴʯף

ڷ֮·ǰбͲףһһʯףҲӵܹ֮Կ
ڣ÷ʯ׵ľ룡кεȿֲܰ쵽һ
˵죬Ī
ѰǰУԣԨ߳һɱɢϢԵƥ
ŭӣţ޷ܣŸû뵽ѰսǿͿɲ
գһҧת֮·ǰȥ
̨ϷɲھͺѰƴһһ
ӵ𣿡
ѰĿˣ磬׷ϡ
֮·ϣһĥһ·֪жǿ߲ά裬ÿһʯ׶Ѿ
еѱѹƵ޷жòѡ˳
ڣȴһҵ׷ɱϵʯ·ϱ
ĥ޷赲ƴѰں󷽽׷ᡣ
֮ǰѰѿһڶ԰֣ʵǺѩһ
ʶһΣҲͬ


1756 ̨֮
֮ߴ
һɫ̳ϣبŰ߲Ϣضׯࡣ
̳ܣǿտɽƺ
֮һ̨
ϣ֮⣬ȥȻһƬããţǳ˸С
֮ΰӸԵüҲ޷
Ȼ޵ߣҲֻǿգһ֮ݣ
ǿպ嫣ɼ㷨ǧɣȴһųС
ʿϲ
νҲ޷ޱһĻ
ΨӴǺ嫵ǿգŻ֪֮κ𺳡
ʱۣ֮ټƺϣֻ߰˵Ӱ
бᡢˡ
ţ˵أеظܵʵĴС
룬ұʥ̲У˭ȸ򵽣˭ɵһɫ̳áӶһʥɱΪʥͣ
Уǳ˸ееİеߣеңԶɼ
ԶԶȥԺ嫡žׯķΧ
ʥ޷ַʽܹ֮Ըߣɵܹ֮֮ӡ֤죬Ϊ·ߣԴԸֻǣ·ɶߡ
Ҳü˼⡣
ǱǷɣһǳǧ߿УŹӵд˵ɻöϲ֮Ժ֤ɵʱŲ˼á
Ὺڣâܣ߿ա
һʯųͬĹϼϢеĲãеееˮҲе罣ˡ
У֮ͨ·ĥִɽۣɹʥһھ
ЩʯһŴʷᣬŵһϵĻ˺
ִ̨ǿߣ˲ڴ
ϧҲ֪Ǵеĳɵ۳֮أںεأǷ񡭡Ĵڣ
̾
ɵ۳棡
ܣЩ˻ңԶ˭ܲģ
ৣ
ȻһԼӰɽۣƮУ¶ѩɰա
˲Ŀɫ졣
֮ǰǶѩڷ֮·ϣ°ԴвѰ
ֻǿѩƺδɹ
ɫȻɣһƯüȴʲô⡣
ңδһ֣
ѩӣأ
̲סʡ
ˡ
ѩ䲻شһ䡣
ڳ֮Уᡢ˽ֻʶ˵Էţʲô顣
˵̨ϣ֮仹Ǿ֣
ֻϧ㡭ѩһ̾δȥɱѰ
ڣѱòͬ
ĿһеʼĸӦ
֮ȥеĴУһ˿ʥ
˼ˣջĿ⡣
ѩǿչŵףڳ֮ĸһһľͷ
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ܹӱִ̨ϣĿǰֹҲֻ߰˶ѣ
Щֲ̿ʵĽɫԲΪĽѩɫȥӴ
ף˿̣Ǳ˴֮Ǿ֣
ֻǣѩִﲻƬʱ䣬һŭ·֮·
̫
ף͸
ѩһʱһϵһһĥɵĹŽӲӷ⣬·Ϣ
̫
һǿչŵ϶պĹűͥµġߴ֮һ
ǵ۱ȴӵе۾ϢӡУ֮ʥҪǿʢһء
ۼѩٴУѹ׵ıᡢ˽ĿԼ³һЩʵ
ЩѩȻûᡣ
֮·صĴѹƣ޷һб̨ϣȫһ
صĥѲ棬ҲȻѹƵ
ҲΪѩ˹ϣҪһʱִɽ۵ԭΪƾսȷûѹסѰ
ǼеһЩƺɱﵣǾͲһˡ
ɶ񣡡
ܿ죬ٴ𣬴ܻͷߺޡ
£һٿȻ˷̨ӳֳ۾ΰӰ
ֻǣͷɢɫԵЩǱһ·׷ɱġ
˲ƤǺݺһȻλǿմʥʮĸ
˭Ҳ׷ɱǱ
ڣ㻹ӵ
һĮ
ৣ
Լͬأ˽Ŀ뿴֮·ķ
ͼһϮ°ɫѰӰ罣һԺӿź˵â
˶ɫ䣬ȻѰ
Ȼᡢ붼ͫһ
֮ǰ֮£ѰһˣսȺۣɱðѩڵһǿɾ
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뵽⣬һЩ˵ɫء
һ̤Ϸ̨ѰĿһɨ㽫ǹϵɫ̳ͷĺԼ˵Ӱ۵ס
ͬʱҲûصĥһɣѿɶñ
ѩһƵصϾܿ
գĿϣ㲻Ҫˣͺܺʡ
Ƴһѩ㣬ǰڵʣҲó˶һˡ
⣬ȴԵ֮
˽ɫ죬Ŀû˳Ǳ壬ǲԸһ粨
ѰǿչŵϵκҲЩ˲κιϸͳޡ
Ե£ǿɲһȣѩһȥѰ
Ȼǻ룬Ҳˡ
Ѫֻ£ѪµĽ黹޷Ӱ̬Ⱥ־
ˣð
ɫ࣬һһ˾޴İ׹սꪣϱ߲ŴĿķ
һ˲õı
ৣ
Ӷŭնȥ籩
ͬʱԴѩҲԥˣٿ̫һ񳤺磬ƿնɱ
Ͻеƣһ֣ȻѰ
ߡ
Ѱɫɣ˫ִָǡԪϡ
˽ԱܿԶԶ
Ŀķ̨֮ϣҲѪɱѰ֮ս˭Ҳ⡣
ֻǣҲ棬һսУǹ¼ҹһѰܻ󣬻ѩ˿Ӯôս
䣡
սһʱ䣬̨ǹϡׯࡢžҲ״ơ
ֲĽԱݿ֮



1757 ƴ

İǽ׹Ǵײʹľķ
ԱУӰˡ
Ѱһ񳤺̫ƿնƲã翣Х
ѰӶԪ֮Ӳ
˲ѣ߼սϰٴΣÿһν棬о춯֮к
ѩ΢պء
Ѱ磬ж磬ѩ˵ļл֮£أǿڵĴԨ
ԶսߣϢ񣬽עһС
ѰǿǽԸеȻͬѩϣҲǸеޡ
ɱ
Уգһ˰׹ǴꪱӶ񱩵ĵ⡣
ÿһĻɱһϵľ۴ʥɱ졣
Ͼǿմʥʮλĸӵеĵ̣յĵ뷨ԶѰɱȡ
ƾͣȴܱѰӲӲڡ
ɫãŭֺȻǿʢ
ѩսֶҲƿһ̫ʹָشƥɭɭǡư׺ա
ͬĽѰǰɽˮբڴԨűѹס
Уᡢ˶ɫأ˼ͶԱȣԼѰָӦԣ
ͬԼѩָʲôȥѰԿ
ԽǶԱȣɫԽء
Կ϶սǸǿչŵϣҲԿبź˸
ϾǷëǰĴڡ
ѰսĺˣͬҲ֮
ѩֻǿմʥǰ٣չֳս֮ǿҲ˴۽硣
𣡡
Ƭ̺ѩһɬ
ಣ
һ⼣߲ĶϽӳֻʣһĨ⣬ɵʱȴͷųһȦȦɺɫƬնȾ졣
۵Ϣòһĵ۽ɣ
˳Ծʧ
һЩ˸巢ëȻһĨϸܵһɴ̹ǵĺв
ն
ѩɫׯָ࣬һ
һĨ߲Ľ⣬һޱȻȴһ˲ͳѰü֮أݺݴ̹ȥ
ƻʵһĻѹѪ

ѰüʶеĶУٿȻӳ׼ޱȵػһĨ⡣
ײһɣ
ô˻ᣬѰӰʧԭأһطֻüҲһĨɫ
һĨȱĽ⣬һ˲õıƲȱ۱
ৣ
һһȦȦɺĽٴɱ
ͬʱȣһлһ˰׹Ǵꪱӿ޾ֳܵĵͼڣԼĵ쳹
ս֮ڴʱһϣһϵɱ磬Ҳյ۷壡
¡
ĺУ˽ѰǰֳһѪհ߲ͭơ
ѰڤеõһűĪ⣬ףɽһ˲ͺȻըķѡ
֮ǰһץסһ߻ѰչǽԪһɱ
ԣսҪ߳ѩһء
ڲһѩؽɱ˿£ѰһӰ졣
ʶѰ㣬Ƚѩ
ͫһԥȫֿɽһν棬㱻ˣѪһ󷭹ܼʱ㱻лգԵЩǱ
ŭ˻Ϊûѹױ
һӣһɫĻ̳¶ϻʮѷɵ
еӨϸ衣
еīںڰ֡
еĻһĨɫ棬µ㵶â
ÿһѷɵԻ֣ӳֳͬǧ޲ֲ֮
ϵġ۵ʮͼ
˳Ծϳһ˵棬ߴ֮һۡ棬ӡһλ۾־;
ʮɵһն񣬿Ѳ񷣡
⣡
ĴУзɳһϸķɵƿնѰ
ٶ̸Ϸ˼ȴ翣޷׽

ѰԶж߽֮棬ȴѰ΢΢һΣͫײһС

ɫᣬһڵķɵӳڰеһĨӰնѰ
Ǳ𣡡
ѻӰ
ǵ
˪
⻹꣬ʱһͷųʮѷɵɱѰ
ÿһѷɵŶʮһͼеǹĪĵâ
Զ˶ľ
ǡ۵ʮͼһƪ۵Ѫ
һ˲ѣѰ
µǣڴɱУѩҲûţƿ̫ؽ⣬һԸѰ
˭һĻػͷƤ飬־塣
ʵϣѰ˿̵ȷΣգӰ˸ŲƵķΧڲϱѹС
СǽԪǿȴǵ۱Ŀǰȥؽ⡢۵ʮͼԿ
İ
ѩȳľĿûһЩѹ׵ı
Щ԰սʤĶʱԻΪģ
ˣѩŰһ̤ʵ٣ƴһֶΣڿʼѹסѰǾҲΪ֮һ
ɱ
˿ɲͣ٣֮ǰΪͣٲȻһҪѰ׻еļơ
ս߽Ŀ·ϣֻܿսУҲʵһ֣ب˲Ƶĵ
Ȼ˿ѩڡռƣ
ɻѩ˸ˣɱμ穵ѰȻЦ
ǱƴУҲԸһЩǵı֡Һʧ
ԴǺγ
һ̣һڱѰϸֶĥɵڴ˿̴Ź
ֻǰʹһɲãϡ嫵ϢɢһѣһֿҪѹŽδƣ
Ҳһ˲ɱѰıǵ۵ʮͼ̫һĨؽ⣬ȫѹư㣬͵һɬٶ֮У
⡭
ѩͫһɫԱ䡣
ĪΪֻвеƣƴѰɴû
УѰͷչ
䣡
⣬籡ǧ⣬ÿһԽӲӵģʥʢͻ͵Ĵơ
ؽ˵һ޹÷ɳȥ
һնɱķɵھ춯صĺУڰ㣬޷Ѱһ硣
ѩ̺͵ƣѰѹƣ
ʲô
ѵڵ۵սʧһܣ类ٵϲٳ֡
ᡢҲɫ䡣
Ƕеһļºѹ֣̫Ͳˣ

ʱѰѳֽɱٶȿò˼飬ҲǿɽХ
ܣֻȫӲ
һ˲ͱɣѪðǣǶϵʹƺߡ



1758 նѩ
ۣ
ݺڵϣڿѪܵش
мž
˶ľεǿһλȴԱѹƣ
ƴ㲻УƴУƺҲС
УѰԨƮҷͷ
ʱٶȳɱȥ
ն
ѩһɱɭɭɺƵġ
ֻϧһĨؽѱǣƣƾѩսѰԾЩˡ
䣡
ѰҲɱѩ˴ɣһɵɷס
һ궯
ն
ͬʱ𣬷â
Ԫһն
ֻǣѰһնѲһɱһУǬơ

ͫŭ˻𣬻Ӷ׹Ǵɱ
弡ţͷųĽɫԣƿɲ֮ƴȫ

𵴣ײ쾪ס
һ˰׹ǴꪣֶɣٶȱƳȥ嶼ķâ˺һɲѪۡ
ɫò
ת̫ˣԭѰѩѹ׵ıѹƣ
ɵѰͬԿ򳹵ױòͬ
ն
ʱѰɱ磬ɱϣϢĻᣬ׷ᡣ
ӨѩĶƻãصĵƣâ֮ʢҪն
λ˭ɱ˴ⲣĳձб𣡡
˻ѳ׻ˡ
ӷ֮·ϣѰ׷ɱ̨񼴱ѩ֣ҲѰ֡
пʵޱȵĴ
쳹ȫĿ˸Ӧ
ᡢ룬ˣĿܻ飿
ԭ֮ǾĹϵ
һսѰܣǶԣûκιϵԡ
䣡
ʱٴαնɣ嶼ѿѪʣǱ֮
Һƴˣ
˻۾Ѫޣ
ȼգɢֲޱߵϢ
ɱ
˻иһذף
ˣ
ذã˲ϣٶԽԽ죬ֻܿһĨĹӰӿռ䷨
֮У
һĪױ쾫͵۾һӡϢʥƿա
˭ƴˣҪѰʯ٣
ֻѰһܣǽԪн͵һն
ڿлһV֡
VߣɱҲ
ϵһ֣һԭʼصĵơ
ɴʱѰ֮£⡢򵥡ֱӵһɱ
ֻѵһ
ӵĪɱ֮УڡVֽ֮ײһǵϡ
Ҫ˵ɱˣǴ̽ȥһһ
ǡԪͬڤӽ֤֮ǰ彣Ѱ
ܣ
۾Բɣţз
롣
䣡
Ѱһ򵥵˼£ͬҲ˼ĺ
֮бɣ
壬Vֽֿ
˫֡˫ŽԱնɢ䣬ѪٲȻк¡

ֱʱвŷʹ־ļС
ֻܿȻֹĽŰһ׶Ͼ
ˣ
Ѱִ̨ϣŲƬ̹ѣһԶ£ȻնɱǿƵһͿ
˻
޲
һλǿմʥʮĸ㱻նɱڷ̨ϣ
ȥ˭ţ
ֱ˿̣ڳ˲ʶѰĿɲ
Ψڴʥкѹݺ޵ܹ֮ӵ˲˼սɣ
ĲЩλǿմʥǰĴڣЩǱϵǿ֮¡޵дʥ
ֻǣ֮ǰ˭Ҳû취޵СȥѰһԹŻϵһ
ৣ
һļžУѩȻһ֮·ȥò˼顣
ֹʥĻᣬһĨѹƵؽⶼҪˣԵޱȹϺ䡣
ȻʶѰĿֲ
Ѱת׷ʱ
֮·ϣӳһѵľӰð㣬ѩ֮ǰ
ˣȻǰ
ৣ
һĨɫӳնѩ
ѩü̫ȫӲ
һսδʼѽѩ壬һִֻӱ߬ѩ׵ĲӸ
һ˲һȻˮӰѩڳɫ䡣
ɺ͵һϣֻסĴַɲɽХָ壬ȫѹƺͽ
һʱ䣬ϼĺɫüŭ֮ɫ
ƣλӾ㽿Ķˣֲǿչŵϣܵô׷
ѰǴżڽ
ѩӿ˵߷ߺͺ⣬Ѱˣ㾡ɱұǣ
һƬžᡢ˶ЩȻ
ѩͥˣǿվްӣǿմʥǰٵľŮ
˾ԶǿչŵżߵͰĽߡ˵һ޵ߣһЩܼҲغ׷
ɴʱȴСƵģѰ߬סһĻԵúġ
ɱ㣿
Ѱ䣬һѩڵϣֻ̫㡣
ԱߵİҲΪȻܼ򵥣ȷܱ
ѩһҪʲô
Цٻ⣬գգۣǿչŵ϶ӣߵĶİĽߣ֪аĽӣͻȻ뷲ûθ룿
Ϊ
ѩ΢䡣
ڳһЩǿ߸ǵ̫ˡ
޵ףܹӱѩӵн֮Ϊλ֮ѡ
ΪˣԲһص˱Ĵ
ʱûΪ⾺ƥҲעǲݽϰĴڡ
ʲôλɢ
ʱͥοΪ˵ѩǿչŵЩĽѩǿߣֻ
ȴЦڣϳΪһ㸣Եƶصǵ;أ
ѩһӿ𲻺õԤС
Ȼһ̰˵ҿģôƯҲߣȫһЩ̻֮أ¥֮붼ܵͷơ
ʱſ϶кܶĽȥȿֺع⡣
ŴͳЦ⣬ѩУһ־ļ׶ݺݲУ嶼ڣŭֻ̡֡
ǣзŮһΪŮˣ˸ݡ
ʱ
ѩһλǿյ֮ŮвϳΪҪ糾УΪ¥ˡŮ
ֱɱѩ˲֪ٱ


1759 ɲǷ
ѩݲҵ
ƾΪٸߣٲɵΪȫɼʱľҲעܱƽ
֣᲻Һܶ񶾣
ȻĿ⿴Ѱ
Ѱһ̲סЦˡ
̧֣һưѩͷϣɽХѩڡ
飡
ڻ춴ը
ţѨҲݿƻ
ۿɼѩϢԲ˼ٶȼ˥ȥһɢʵ飬ʧȥԺ͹
ѩס׻ţȻϾʹޱȣԶܵĴ
û뵽ѰͻȻ֣֮ݣӦ
ԶᡢҲһһķѩ
Ⱥ޼ɣ޹˼ɵ·Ƕһǿҵļɵ
һĿע£ѩͷںڵ˿ѩ֮ɫһ֬ˮļҲʧȥøɱȥ
ʱѣѩ꣬Ƥ׷Ӱͣ
ʧȥΪ˳ţһλǿյľӣһ
ֻ˶벻һǸ׷Ľӡ
ɲǷţָϣ
ȴκһŮ˶ԣɱɱܣѩ㣬ܹ޾ľԣһ̵µĥ

ѩУһȻʹࡢŭԹޡ
жǰ̾ѡ
£ʧȥΪƾǰپޣ˲ãӵеһҲվɢ
ʵֹ˿̷ţҲֹǷѩһϣҲ֪ٴΡ
ڣΪҶ𣿡
ѰҲѩһۣЦʰ
ӯӯĴִָ֣ݻֶȥԿǿЩŷɥٲΪС
Ѱ
Ѱδ̫˰ɣ
ʱ̲ס߿ڣһѰϵѩ䷴С
Ѱ̧ۿȥһ꣬ͷڣٷ磬̬䲻
̣֪ӽŮΪɱң˶ֶΣ
Ѱ¶֮ɫȻЩ㶼ںںΪҵԵʣţΪˣԲԣ
ҲЦˣôʹϧλѩӣղΪβ֣ȻҲҵýˣھͽ㣬̨ϽΪΣ
һ񺮡
µѩһԲûʲô𣬰ȴ˵ǹġ
㡭
ŭ
Цʲô㣬һļһѩûɫ㲻ҲһԸӽ
㡣
һߡ
ᡢ˽Ŀ˸ԿǼɵѰѡ̡
һҲǣղŵһսɱѩϣ˭ʱҪٺѰа壬ֻ¶õ
ʱڵصѩȻ̧ͷɫԹѰ̤ǿչŵͥػὫ
δ˵꣬ͷء
飡
ѩͷ­Ѫ嵹ѪС
ѰͰûֹ
Ϊ˵ѩȻ˿̲Ҳעܻ뿪档
ޱȵĵطɲһܹġ
̾˿ͽɻȷʵϧɳͿԲ¿ûĵ

ѰһӣϵѩѪȫĨײ
սУֻʣһ۵ʮͼһؽ⡢һ˰׹Ǵꪡһ̫Լѩ
ЩȻȫѰսƷ
һЩ˿ôǳ鴤Ѱһ̫ˣ
ףǺܿ
֮·ڣӳһӰһϮɫ£˫޳ֱһѩս
ǿսšա֮Ƶա
ĿһɨУЩԾҳлսĺۼ
˭ܸң﷢˺£
²
˵ĿⶼѰ
ղѩˡ
Ц˵һ䡣
һ仰һҲĿ⿴Ѱȵûɱζţս붼ǿմʥǰʮ֮ˣ
ѰЦҾͲ֪ˡ
ոӡ󲻴鴿⡢ֹˬ
ǲȻڣգ㲻ϲҸдλѰѿɲ򵥣㲻ô˻һԣ
Ѱâһ˹ȥ
Цᣬдѣɲɱ
ǲдһ棿
ѰӰһ̤ȥֱӳˡ
䣡
ȭɱ򵥵ȴз豹֮
Ȼɫ䣬æܣŭѰֱ̫ԵҺʱӦҪд裿
ҺһҲϲҸд裬ô˻ᵱȻҪһԣɱң㲻Ǹ֡
˵ʱѰɱȥȭ磬ȭգķ˼ǲ޿ɶ㡣
䣡
÷ߣò֮Ӳ
ֻǽƬ̣ͱѰǹɱȭѹƣ̧ͷǱ
˶Ц
سκʮս֮һġ׻ս塱Ҳһλǿľ۴ʥ
ܹٷ̨֮ϣ֤سκĲ
ȴƫƫҪѰⲻԼܣ
ž
ûãѰһسκϣ죬ú˶ĵˣպףѪ
㡭
سκŭĿѣȫ
ž
ɽֱѰһϣӶͷͷɢĿȫǡ
Ҫɱ㣡
سκѳץҪ
ѰȻᣬֲɱдѣҲ㶯ŭһԼô죿
һЦ
̾ŸȷѰɱĿܽسκһ۸ӡ
Ѱ顣
أ˳ʵڲĿسκĲ״顣
Ҳá
Ѱ˵ͷֹֻ֣ϧһΪһ˲õĸ֣˭֪Ǻǡ
һǺǣĳ̼سκˣݶҧ顣
գס
һ־ѣٴȥɾɱĻسκע󳾣
ˣ˸Ѱ
˸ĻɵΪѰֹսɲ¸޼ɵһԲϱ֣޹˼ɡ
ˣҲΣգ
ҸղŲʶѩĴ˶ɱˣҿǱдˣһ򲻹Ҳô죿
̾˿
ѰǿܿһսȴֲòʶЩź
ԱߵİЦҸղ˵ʲôţѩǰ֮źǿչŵϵǣ϶ҲһˮޣЫ
ѰһЦ
ˡ
Ȼһĵڳ쳹
һĿԲԼͬǺȥ
ͼһǳڴ˿ȻŹɢһ貵Ľɫ̨ϣ޳ӰԡС



1760 ǿգ

ڳ˵һ۾ͿѲеһӵʥĻᡣ
ˣ
嫣һǳŴµһƽ⽫֡
Զɫ̳ȥӰӲӣʥޱȡ
գϵ̳ϣ˵Ϣʼһɬɱ䡣
䣡
գһŴŹǳڻΪŨٵĽ⣬£ȫȡ
Ҳڴʱ쳹ϿգԼС֮󡱸ֶ
ףڽĤݡ
Ը
Ѱ޲𵴣еۣеľ̾ҲеƺЩʧһ㡣
Ƭ̺һʧ
ɫ̳֮ϣӿֳһϵĺɫʯһƵ⣬лơ

ΨзΪʥ֮ӵһԼĵԼ־׭ϡ
˱ڷ̨֮ϵľǧɸ߿գϲԵ˼ӳ֣
һʱ䣬˶Щ궯
ǿչŵһֱܻŴ߳ǿߣԺУӵ֤ɵ۵Ļᣡ
𿴽ֻһᣬҲ벽۾׼
ᣬָľ̨ϣӷлõϲ
ɫ̳ϣ־ǿʯ׭Լֺ
һĹϼڿնϸ߿ա
һǧɡ
ǧɡ
ǧɡ
ֱִǧ֮أͣڿգһƬǳ֮⸲ǡ
ǧɸ߶ȣ
˾̾
ѰһһԷɿ촫
ڵλԽߣŷΪʥͺ󣬲ɱԽǿõϲ֮Խࡣ
ķܹǧɸ߶ȣȷܲ򵥡
Ѱ׹
ҰУ̨֮ϵĸ߿գķеǳе򰵵ʯ
ңЩĸ߶ȣȷǲһġ
ǧɾ븽ֲķ࣬Щ󰵵ʯƵġ
ǧɾ븽ԾϡһЩѰʶһɨ;׼жϳ߰پʮ
ķҲλƬУλúܿǰ
ǧɾ븽Ŀϡ٣ֻʮҴھǧ֮£ǧ֮ϡ
Ψִǧ
Ƭеĵһ貳ʢǳԶѰɱȡ
ЩبУڷ̨ϷΪʥ͵ǿ
ѰвЩһλǿմʥǰʮľ۴ʥķҲֻǧɸ߶ȡ
˶ԱȣЩԶķǺεȿֲǿ
ϧˡ
ɫ̳ϣᷢһ̾Ϣ
˶ԣܹʥڴˣ˲õ컯
ɺȻȴЩ⡣
ҡҡͷתɫ̳
Ҳһ̣ѰܵϢı仯һһԴһơ
һʥ䣬Ϣӯϣ
ʥ͵ϣѺʥ˲ͬν˼롱Ϊʥͣѵӵ˳Ϊʥĵ̣
ͫ΢УҲ¶ɫ
ûЩ˸طϥҪĸһı仯
ò˽԰һ
УоΪʥͺ󣬳ֹ˶ȡ컯飬ֹһΣ
ÿһΣѪϣˡ
ãû
ʱǻ롢ǣѰˣʼȥӦ
嫡šǳ˸УҲı̲ڡ
ֻв׽һ˿ǰ㣬һٷΪʥͣ
ʱһһš
ˣ
ϤĴٶһǳŹһƳɫһɫеԡС

˲죬û뵽ӵڶһ
һһɫ̳ɱ䣬ͷϿֳ֮ͬ󡱡
֤ҲǽԸ
һ֣ʱϥԶ
ֻǵķֻǧɸ߿ʱ±۾
ˣϲòѣ
ɫ̳ܣҲһѡһλãĴ
ɫ죬Ҳвͬ

ΨѰȫûЩھĸӦʶ߿գ
һ˵Ĳã¼ŵĸоȻ
ãã֮ģУ˷ܵһС֮С
֪ǰ;಻֪ṇ̀
أѰʶɵԽԽԽԽԶ;ããǳ顭
ˣ
ѰȻûϣһ顰ĸ¯ͭ飬ȻһĨɬ
ͬʱѰʶУ׽һƬڡҫۡ۽㷭شһ޴ĻС
ɸߵľˣǰҲСûʲô̫ˣеľ޴ڶֻȴſֲĻ档
иǳȼգޱȣ档
һ˲ɲѰʶʹޱȡ
ͬʱҲлɬصĸӿͷ
Դ
һ½ĴԴ֮ء
Ƴŵ۱ĸ¯ǴӱԴĻе
Ѱͷһ
û뵽Ӧʱ򣬾ܶ쵽һܣ
ֱָƽѰʶȥһ·ϣйθӦҲһ
ľǼƽͳγ
ΪԭͶԴûʲô־ڱصõ뷨ƾԸǿԸҲѲ⡣
Ҳ֪˶ãѰʶѷɳ֪پ룬ããвϸӦ궼ƣ֮С
ʥһǰȴԵ̫Сˡ
Ѱӿһ˵Ĺ¶ããǺ飬һڶУķţ˵ѹ֡Ȼ
أʶҪڻʧޱ޼ʵС
ԣ
͵أѰľܾ衣
ɢʶҲٿȻһ٣ããȻ룬ʲôʱǾͷ
룬ܸӦ̲ⷽصһ˿
ԭѰֻǺ棬Դ󣬿ɵʼӦʶѸӦƬȴʡ
Ǿ͡
ԣ
ѰʶӦ
ϤĹ¼šѹ֡ȻоٶȻֻǣѰѲЩ
ʶ̺£ٲӰӰ졣
أʶֳһֿհףǻɢʧһĻȻ֮С
Ҳ֪ãһ糿ĺİĵ쳹֣翿顣
ѰʶУƵģ񱻵ͷȣһĸ



1761 նʹߣɱɶ
Ὺʼֱ½յ˸һƷ˳ɫ̳ʥ˶ʥ֮
ˣҲڷ̨߿Լһ
ֻǣķǧ֮⣬˵Ľǧ֮¡
ִܵǧɡ
Ҳսĸ߶ȡ
ˣλ˳ƶʥ͵ǿϲá
ΪʥͲֹζڴʥвɱ䣬ζԺȥʵǾʥ
򵽷ǿߣͬ
Ѱִ̨ʱѩڣоˡ
½ȥѩ󣬻Ǿˡ
˳ΪʥͣʣѰ롢ԼһŮӲ򵽷
ǺǣЩսǿȴ׿ԣ޷죬ֱֲҲ޷Ϊʥͣ
سκǵΪʥ͵ǿߣɫ̳ʱĿɨѰһۣ޵ĺ⡣
֮ǰѰĿ֮£׷ʹƳԴͷΪܴ衣
˿سκ֮ǰΪʥͣѰͰʱɱ⡣
ѰԴ˻Ȼ޷Ӧ
üεĸӦбѡ
вƵӿŭ⣬˭ڴ˿̱ţ˭Ҳܸˡ
سκ
ɲȰ˵ʲôһϥպȻΪʥͣҪҪдһ
УԾԾԡ
سκɫ΢䣬ӲЦˣ̤˾һ農һ
ŶһҲУ붯֣ҵһ㡣
˵գ±ӡ
سκȴз࣬дѣĻῴǲԼҪʲôʶŻ
£ԼֻҪҶѰ֣עһʱԡд衱
Ҳµ㣬ƾøС
ߣ
سκƳѰͰһۣһյأϥ֮ǰɱԼĺô
ֱӽӣ˿ߵѰԷܵţİ٣¿ʼӦ

ʱƣ֮·ϣʼնִܵɽۣɴ˱ƶϳӽ̨֮ѣ
ѩ˵ģӵеϷ̨ͣͬҲǲҵģûܸӦɥڴˡ
𣬵ɿգЩϷ̨ϵǿߣţԺڵ;ߵøԶϣ
һӺ
ŮӣҲӦһƷΪʥͣԼķ
ʱ
ҲӦһƷɫ̳
һɲسκȻһߣѰߵˣôʱԻɱĻ
뵽⣬سκ͵һյĿⲻ֪ʱ˹һ˿ζ֮ɫ
سκŭ϶ԼҪάѰ
գһ̾ͻϮѰĴ㡣
Ҳڴʱһͻأط
һҝӰϢس֣Բ˼ٶѰ
ৣ
Уһ׶ݺݴѰ
ͬʱһɫҲǳѰͷϿգâǶ¡
һУɲǼɣĲ˼顣
աᡢǣһĻʱһϮѳױ
˶Ȼ
سκ򼤶òгԣһ͵Ϯֱϲ콵
ʱѵɫ̳ڽܷ֮ϴɱ䣬ûע⵽һĻ
ŵ˵һϮʱ֮׼֮Ѹֱͣɱ֮õ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
˭ֻ¶е𺳺;㤣
Ѱ
Ҫˣ
Σֵʱ̣ԺвԼͬðͬһͷ
һ̣ͼԭܣûκβѰȻֳһڴԨ
䣡
ǵء
ƥɲĻͻͽ󺣰ѰϺХ
̫
ɷʮɽ
ɲǼѣͷǶµĺɫȱ飬ɫҽ
ţӱɱһ׶裬һɽ赲ձõ˳ȥ
ţ

𣬳иֳչʹɳࡢزؽɶ߿ݶɵӰ
߽Դžݣš
ա˶һĲ죬е⣬Σʱ̣ѰܼʱӦ̫ˣ
سκϵЦ̣粻ǻϲñһĪŭȡɱѰ
Ѱ䣬תɳࡢݶɶˣɫϲͬ·ΣǼ𣬲λʱҲȷ˶һˡ
ͻأϮӲϸӦľѰȴԵòһĺƽ
ǱѰϵɳˣһڡ
һΣѰĴɱʧܣӰ¶һֻѰ
Ƕе˵ıƣѰѵǿǲɣ
ৣ
Ѱˣʳָ赭дһ
һٿȻ۶Ǭ˾γݾУֳ豹ļ֮С
ƥ޿ɾ
˫ס
˽ȥ޻أ
ã
ɳëȻɳԺСľʶڣȫһĨ壬޷ƵĴֲ
ûκγɣƴУԼѹ׵ıֶζʩչ

廯һƻҝ⣬ٶȿ쵽˾׵ĵزǷ֮·ȥ
̿ͺɱֵıֶΣΪɱУֻΪ
ϧ⴫ս۵һǺεȿ¡
һɫ䡣
һ䣬ɳһȫڷϨ𣬻پ١
һɳ࣡
˷ëǣǳûѪˮûʬɳ˾񱻳Ĩ
ţѻȸ
֮ǰȻںѩԾʱǿɴûѰʩչȲ˼Ŀֲ
һķ飬ֱ˸ţ
ͺ¿ˡ
УѰĿ⿴ԶĿݶɡ
ݶһϮɫɮ£ͷӡɫȻĿɳ౻ɱọ̈̄ɫȴĮȻɡ
زؽ紫ˣ޾顣
ⲢζţݶɲẦ£˿УҲǷ⡣
Ѱѱչں͵زؽһϣ̤ǿչŵȻֵ׿Ҳؽںڰ֮¡
ݶĮȻ
£ʮ˷ͼÿһڽڰӰ
ৣ
δ£ݶɵӰƾʧ
ˣ
ҲͬʱѰ͵ؼ鹭ԥң
»Ȫ
ķ֮·ϣ͵شһ졣
Ѫ뿴ȥֿܷݶɱһը飬Ѫڹϵʯ̨ϡ
ӡΪӵ𡭡
Ѱ鹭ͱһԺһµķķһš
˻ݶӶݵӰɶؼžѰԣͲ¡
֪˾ǶɼʥɮԡزؾΪһϱ


1762 
ΪεزؽѰΪɱˣ
һΪһطӡнľҪѰˡؼž
֮ǰѰƿݶɵĶݷõıǡؼžеһͨ
мžᡢա˽Ȼ
Ҳɳࡢݶɵݣȴû뵽ѰᱻǶϡ
Ǻڰͷ֮еĴˣ
һϣ
ʶ㣬ԭƿѪسκһ⣬ֻ
ǺԽѰеͥʮս崫ˡ᲻֪ж١
ി½ŲġսС١ѩЩǺպĶ
ЩֱλǿѰУ
Щȥǿչŵϣĸݵ´ӣ
ڰ綼Ѱѩϼ˪
֮ǰݶԣⱲѰ̤ǿչŵƱػ֪ܵٴĴ
Цôˣˣ
ѰȻڣĿ⿴ȥ
سκ̣ȻŭȻѰΪҲҶ㶯֣
Ҫд𣿡
ȴһڴ
سκͷֱðߣòѪ
ף
ʱȻ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼ߿֮ϣһǧɵλԭķƽɫҪ߳һЩ
Ҳ֮һ궯ĿⶼԼͬؿɫ̳ϵһٻӰ
Ϊڰķ
ҲĿǰΪֹΨһһɼĴڣ
Һչﶯ֣дһ
Ʈ裬Цɫ̳¡
̬ԼǧһˮģĿسκϡ
ߣҺѰһӲ۸Ůˡ
سκߣ¡
ô
Ŀ⿴ѰЩǡ
Ȼɳ˽ԱɱǵĳȴƻѰӦľ
û¡
Ѱڵڱͷ
ֻǺ֮ǰһĿУһѱòͬ
Ҳû֪֮ǰθӦУѰ֪ŵڡĸ¯ıԴء
һһ˼ĸ
ˣΪѡԡԸ
ѰЩ⣬ѯԸΪʥͣȷɱ䣬ӵʥ֮Ժ̤Ͼʥ
϶ԣȴԡԸ
ԸΪʥͣͬҲҪΪıʥ̻¡
򵥣ʵף
ңһôͻܵԸĳ⣬ԼԺлܴӰ졣
ԴԸͲܴӰ졣
ЦҲܺãĴҲﲻԷΪʥ͵ĵزԺлᣬҵҲ뿪ɣ̻ΪڵҵС
Ѱû˵ʲô
Ǵÿͬ
ˣ
ܿ죬ҲһƷɫ̳
ǰߵᡢնһķ֮һĵ⣡
ͷӳֳǧħ黯١Ŀɲ
ԴԸ
Ѱͫһ
ͬʱһ󾪺ᡢڵˣ¶ɫ
Ϊ⻹ǾΪֹΨһһԡԸΪʥ͵ĴڣԵڲͬ
û뵽⻪뾹ٳһȫµħţõ˷Ͽɡ
ῴĿⶼѾˡ
˵Ҳ޷ƽ
䵱ڻķһ־˵ٶȳϸ߿գһٴ֮ǰ˵ĳɼִǧɾ֮ʱһ󾪺
ɼֹǾˣѹУڴ˴ʵһЩ˵ĳɼ
ħͥУԺ󽫶һλ˲õ
Ծ
룬һǿմʥԶԶľȴڷΪʥʱҫ۵ĳɼ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
֣ʣһˡ
ɫ̳£ͷѩɷŲ̬Ĳ԰֮ɫ
ɻ£ȴһ֮ϰĴϡ
ҲĿ⿴Ѱ
ȷ̨ϣֻʣѰһ˻Ӧ
ɫ䶼
֮ǰѰεȰԵǿȴٳ޷ʥòᡭΪܵɳ˵ĸţһ컯ʧ֮˰ɣ
ڴʱѰЦЦԶɫ̳ȥ
УͥŲ˵ں⡣
ֻ˽һ
Ҫʲô
֪δ֮ǰܿɫ̳
֮ǰѱ˽й̽
ڣѰûץסȴɫ̳ȥȻ˸е֡
Ѱǲ𣬿Ҫ֪Уһִ̨ûץסĴڣ
سκ̲סڣѣȴһζڿЦƵġ
㽿ĵüû˵ʲôΪҲѰҪʲô
ᡢաˣԹעѰⷴľٶɻͲ⡣
һУѰȻûᡣ
ľУӴĵ쳹
̤Ǻģأ
һеʣȴħõѰԺУֳһĻĻ
о޴ǿպڶĻУԴʳֵ𣬷ȼǳ
Ǻţ¶Уżȡ
С
һ־һᣬѰ֮ǰӦ
ڴʱЩˮѰľʹ
ƾǳ򣬲ؾ֮
ңҡУ
㱼䣬Ѱ·𿴼بǰһڴˣϣң֮ϣ
ҲڴʱѰɫ̳
ɶ⣬ƽء
˶ͫһȥˣ
̫˼
֮ǰһԹɻȿͱɫ̳ɢĽֹ
ڣѰһ⣡
ɫ̳ѰɫžΨһԺ¶һĨ֮ɫͷ
̧ͷӶ䣬֣ĳ졣
£ƣ
һеʣľ쳹
ѰҰУǺ嫼žӳͫУС
ţ
⡭
죡
Уһ󾪺
˶޷ˣһ¶ݣС
ǳ˸е貣еİ޹⡣
֮ǰһһиӦ׽еһſǳҲǻһһɷ֮£УǴӴɱΪʥ͡
ڣҰУеǳȫͷųһѤõĹϼܼкƵģ񷴹䣡
춼ڲڣдŹǿգʢƥһڵ
ǲ˼һĻڳˣ
֮ɽţԵִ̨ϵ޵ߣҲһ̱뿴
ԭﱻҰĻڱΣʲôҲ
ڴʱȴѤöĿĹԣڻ𣬽ǻҰ񷶼յһƬͨʥҫۣ
ȫ䶯˶סǷ̨Ϸʲô


1763 Էɽ֮ҵ
ǲŴ
̨ϣᡢǳסˣԳ𺳵ؿһĻ
УɴӲ顣
¡
ǺӰϼ䣬ȫѰһӿȥ
˼һĻˣѰ̧֣޵Ԩһйϼȫȡ
˶ԡڲóʢϼУһ죡
һ
ʲô
Ѱѵڷ
ֻ⶯δҲ̫ף
£ƣ
ǺӴأѰľ쳹
Ḷ́Źϼӿ룬ϸܵ类ӡһصĵͼֻǼ֮ģ
ˣˡ
ѰлȻʡ
ɽ֮һƪʣˡҵʡѰӲصõʲôڡ
һѧλʦĶսʥʦġ㼫©֮иʦֵġͥ
Ψûеõ֮ҵ
һƪصġʡһֱ̲ڴڡ
ڣѰ򣬷ɽ֮ڵĵҵʵͲ̨֮ϣ
̤Ǻģء
ʣָľ֮ۡ
£ơ
ʣָ̲ͷеġҵ
ֻǣǰʱѰûнһƪʵľ仰ϵһ
Ҳǵִ˵غԵɺ֮£ſࡣ
㱼䣬Ѱ·𿴵ķɽ֮أ֮ϡ
֮䣬¡
̽һ֣̽ؾƣ
飬غͷɽͳй
Ѱȷһ㡣
Դؾλʦĺۼ
ɽۣ֮΢ʦĺۼ
壬ʦһֱפС
ۣ֮зɽ֮ҵ
һϵе࣬ԺͷɽйأǴϹĴ֮һС
Ҳעɽͳ޷ָĹ
òǻˡɵ۳桯ܰɣ
͵أʧڡ
һ仰ᡢյкݺһɫ䡣
بǿչŵһֱһţ֮һķ̨ϣһ׮͡ɵ۳桱йصϴ컯
ִֻ̨ϵǿߣûһȴ컯
ɼˣǿչŵǼᶨΪ컯Ȼڣ
񣬿Ѱɫ̳ӶĿ仯˭ɣˡɵ۳桱ܣ
ɵ۳氡
֤Ϊ۵ĻȫǱ۾֪ҲԴҲҪУ
ǿչŵػɣЩĿֲܺϹŶǣػ׷׳
һʱ䣬˿ڸз
ѰĶ˴˵ϴ컯
ЦѰֻǾ۴ʥΪɵۻ֪жңԶ·Ҫߣĵ̺ʵɿл컯
ߡ
ʶղԾᡢ˿ѰĿⶼˣ
Ե˭ָҿ϶Ѱʱõģǳɵ۳һ׮Ե
سκڣĿ˸
ĬɺȻҲΪġ
һϢӴ˿̿ʼѰƱػΪеġ
ɱ棬Ժǿչŵϣ˭ֻŹɵ۳桱֮صˣ
ʱǵ۾ﶼܲѰ֣
䡫
У֮ͼһſǳɢ𣬺嫵ǿգڼ֮䣬һƬյ顣
ǳ׹ڴ˿̳ײ棡
ѰڣֳһصĵͼУһб¸߹ҡ
бǡ
ǡһġ֣
֮أָͬġ
ɽͳɽǰбһдбǡ
һ̣Ѱ̫¡
һν棬һλöսʥʱһĻĻ档
̮ɽţƵʯģɼġбǡּԼһλڷɽǰһӰ
ʦԺؽܹڷɽڷɽʦֵܵĻ
֮ͨͨڹһشۡ
񱻷ӡڴڵĶۣڮٵġ϶
һе˼սԻһбǡͼϡ
ѰĪ뵽⡭Լʽõʦҵ
ʵ˴𰸡
ǵġ
ҵ
Ϊĵһͼڣһ׮ɵ۳桱ĵҵ
֪Ѱʶǿչŵתġɵ۳桱֮أȷǴڵġ
֮بܹãֻڵִ̨ǿߣԲǷɽˣ
֮һ׮컯Ƿɽ֮ΪԼĴ
Ժ쳾ߵţԣԵˡ
ӴٶѰĵ쳹
ѰĵġбǡͼһĨɬĹ⣬ȻѪ֮УҲѰ
Ѱ֪һšҵԼС
ԣԵˡ
Ѱૣ֣һһζԷɽ׵ĹС
Ѱлʦ𣡡
ׯ
ʱ򣬷̨ѳ׻ָ֮ǰƽ
˿ѰĿ⣬ѳײͬ
Ѱǻˡɵ۳桯ܣ
سκһ̲סȳ
ҲѰ
ƨ¡
ѰЦһ۾Ϳֹسκǵ̬Ѿ΢ı仯
㡭
سκǺ졣
ѰѲ̧ͷ߿վǧ֮أƮҷϢ顣
䡫
ͷУһƬޣҲǳҲ޹⣬һƬšյľ
ڴʱȴһĪںͺ
ɫ̳ϣӿֳһϵĺɫʯ
˽һһδ̫죬ղŲֹˡɵ۳桱Ĵ컯һ˳ʥ
Ѱûż׭֣룬ϡ
ˣ
־ָ⣬ʯϽйա
ֵԨ
ԨѰ֣ΪʥͺΪԼġš
ʮľţȥһ
ڷɽУѰһ
ѰĵԴῪʼԡԨ񷡱Ϊ
ǹʣѰΪԼΪԨȡΪȡԨΪһ
⣬г
ǧɡ
ǧɡ
ǧɡ
Ѱķͻͽ֮ƣϸ߿գǶĲ
ֱ׳ϰǧ֮أһ·ҡִǧɸ߿ʱ˶㲻Լ۾
⡭
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʱķɼΪҫۣ˿ɼȴһٳԽⱾ𺳡
ԭѰȴ漣ΪʥͣһٳϾǧɸ߿գ˭ܲ𾪣
ǧɸ߿գֻÿһգŹʣƵġ
ڽգֶһѰķ
ǲѣһ˰
̲סп
ɲ£һǣɵùԲ



1764 ߹Ž
ֹգһڳ˽Դǣͫš
ͼѰķڵִǧ֮󣬲δֹͣ͵ذθһء
һھĿע£Ƿֱִɸ߿֮ϣſֹס
мžš
ֻɤӷɣƽ
بǧɸ߿գķɼУܹŲ˵ķ߹ھǧ֮ء
ˣһλ̫ʱڵġϳںܾ֮ǰ̤۾šܴۡ
һλʮǰƵͥġϡͬҲ̤۾šۡƵͥ
һλǰһСˣ˿֪ԺȥҲ֪صһ
ڽմʱѰƾ֮һٵһبΨУŽĳɼ
ɸ߿֮⣡
ͬһ漣޾ĳ𺳡
֪ڵλԽߣŷΪʥͺ󣬲ɱԽǿӶõϲ˾Խࡣ
ѰķɼٲȻɸ߿⣬بŵһˣ
ڳΪʥͺɱкεȾˣ
ܻõϲָж٣
һ룬Ĳ
û뵽ֺϣ̨Ӯҡ
ã
ɫҲ𲻶
֮ǰѰƻóɵ۳ܣַΪʥͣѹǹŽȺס
ȷƵӮң
ǰ֮ǰҲû뵽һ漣ѰϣһʱҲ𺳲ѡ
ɫ̳ϣѰȻӰΣɢһִԲĿϢ
ԶԶȥƽϢ£ȴһֱĵĴϣ
ʥ͵Ϣҷͬһ㣡
ߣҲŲʲôӮֻ֪Ӷȡ˳ɵ۳һ׮컯
سκɫòƲסļʺͺ⡣
ᡢɫ졣
ৣ
أѰˣԲ˼ٶȸնΡ硢á
سκɫ䣬뵽ѰһԲֱӾͶˣҪʱֻӲ
飡
һ̣سκͱɣڱѪ
ͬʱӰһسκǰиһ͸Ƶķɽ͵ش̳
Ѱֱ֣ϵ޷죬иɻ
ػسκӦ㱻ɽ̴ӡ
۵һͷ­ɣѪ
㡭ǡ
سκɴ۾ŭͲʣڴ˿̱С
ʬȻأͷ­䡣
û뵽κò׵ִ̨ۣ֮òײץסһ˿Ϊʥͣȴʱȥ
̫ʣ
ѪȶͻȻһĻҲ͵һɫ䲻ѡ
һֻӬ֪˸ͣҲ
Ȼ
˽ԾĬ侲֮ŷ֣Ǵ˿̺Ѱͻʤĺ˵
ѰûһУʼգһֱɫ̳ϣûŲŲ
ֻǣɫһĨ˵ɫ
Ϊ붯Ǳһصȫ޷ɫ̳뿪
ղŻɱسκʱҲֻܲȡնɱֶΣˣسκֻҡ

Ѱ
ţ
Щ⣬ѰЩԾ
Ҹϸǣصҡ
Ѱü䷺һĨӣɫ̳ϵ壬Ҳһڵֿʲô
Ȼһôˣ
ͬʱҲѰٳٲɫ̳£Եúܷ
ҡ
ѰҪ˵ʲôٿȻ类һֻץס֮ϵ
ƺץˣ
һ
͵߬Ѱ
Ҫȥ
عңסҵĻǣһȥǵģ
Ѱԣ嶼⣬ɿ촫
ৣ
һ̣Ӱ׳ããźڰ֮ɫǣҲ
ݱòȻʧ
ôͻȻˣ
ʷ̫죬ڳ˶⧲

붼ü¶ݡ
Ź֡
Ҳɲ
֮ϵڣ嫣ûǳֳһƬҰ֮ɫ
˭Ҳ֪ѰȥǷܻŻ
ģһġ
ãŻعü䷺һĨᶨ
侲֮ŷ֣Ѱ뿪ǰƺѾԲʲôŻԼж
ֻ鷢̫ͻȻȥʲô
һҪŻ
ૡ
棬ϹĴ֮һ̨е֮һز
¾ǵ۾ˣҲ֪Ѱȥ

һ죬ֲɽŵǿߣ˵˷ڷ̨ϵ飬һĪĺ䶯
ʱƣЩǿߴӷ̨зأż֮УҲǽϢ֮
һʱ䣬˲֪ٻȻ
һֱǸɱ˲գ۵ħ񣡡
֮·ϣѰһ·ɱڷ̨ѩնɳࡢݶɣ
Ѫȿɲսع֪ǿΪ֮ͺȻ
ɸ߿⣬չŽ񣿡
ѰΪʥͺһٵһبδеķ漣ۣ˶ݣҲ˸е˼顣
һӹŻ߳ˣӵĿķɼ
죡ˡɵ۳桯컯
֪Ѱɫ̳ϣ̧֮䣬ǳ֮بŲ˴һ컯ʱ˶̼ò
һ˾֮죿ǿչŵЩϹŶǷΪвͲɣ
ɵ۳氡ǶǿǿҲңɼΣ
˶ĳ
أ
ɱڣ޷Ƶ̰
ʧˣ
ܿ죬ֲżеǿ߶˵ڶóɵ۳컯֮Ѱʧڷ̨֮ϵʱȫһĴ㵡
ʧˣ
һǿչŵ޵Ŀļһˣ
ֱץ
ԴӶԣʧһ¡
˳
Ѱ棬ءɽۣ֮ڷ̨ϣɱ˲֪ٵǿߡ
еѩ㡢١ിŲȶҫǲ
ŵ˵ͥʮսУĴ˶Ѱһ飡
ڰչڡزؽͷѰ
£Ѱһ֣ͻᱻжд̣⵽޷Ĵ
˵ɵ۳桱֮컯۾Ŀźͳ֣
ʧʱⲻٷ粨鷳
ϧˡ

£ԼѰһϢţبУɴӲֹȺ䶯¡
ԤУѰţᱻǿչŵϵǿһͷ
֮ϣȺ¹ѰѳһͷκϹﶼѵġ¹ˡ
̸ۡڳš
޿ɣԺѰ֣Ҳһ籩ǿչŵ֮ϣ
ǸаŮأֻҪץסԺֻҪѰ֣ؿԸв
ŮѰϵĪ棬ȷԴǯѰ
˵ڷ̨֮ʧˣԿ϶Ȼû뿪档
Ҳڰ飬ìͷָ򰢺



1765 ¾
ɽ֮ۡ
֮һġС硱
׷ţڲݵʱ򣬰˹ѰϢ
ʧˣ
СԬ졢˽Щ
˵Ѱڷ̨ϵսȡõĳɾͣҲеѪţ֮
ɵ֪Ѱɫ̳ͻأ뿪Щ⧲жⷺȻʧ֮С
ǡ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪һѰȥǷΣա
һʱ䣬Щơ
ôһ㶼ģ
Ԭ㵣ϸ򣬻ǰ³Цģġ
ǰҲ̫ûû˰ɣ
Сһ
ϸûط˸ۣҴˣȻǰ˵ǲõģǾͿ϶û¡
³һǰǲ˽Ҵ磬Щ֪գֱڻǻúͽмࡣ
ǵֵܵģ
Ԭ챻ЩƣĿ⿴СС죬أѰˡ
˵꣬Сն˲£ͱϹˣַ𣬺ģɻĺɡ
СϵС˵ͷ
Ԭ죺
񱳸򣬰ȻүСɲһӲ£үʤһ˽޿ɼҲ
뷭˸ۡ
ˣһȻҲɢ٣¶Ц⣬ЩѰڹ¾սʵߣѾ£һ빲ĺֵܡ


ɽۣ֮һȺǿߵӰ֡
аŮӣǰЩڴ˳û
˷ɿ
Կ϶϶ƾصĽڡ
Զ徿
˴֮Ļֻʣ²ʱ䣬Ů˿϶жһӡ
Щǿһ飬;ڴá
ֻҪץס͵ץסǯѰһѱ
ԺѰֻҪ֣ѱ𵽼ã
ţ
Ȼɫ˷ܣˣˣ
˶һǲŸϣͳˣ
̧ۿȥȻͼУ߳һԼΰľӰ

ƣܣ׼Ů˿ɷΪʥˣԸȫ
˽Եͷ
Ϊʥ͵ϢǿҲ˵ǰȫ׼вη塣
һ˰ɣ
߳ΪһƿڣһȲʤȯ̬
ȥѽ
Цʡ
˾֪ˡ
Цݻ䵱ɣƥʱжù
һ
ǶΪҶ
Ц崿дһĨȻġ
˵ҡҷԱͶ¶Ȼ޵ˡ
Щɵӡ
һЦСӰڰϣСϣųѵС졣
ٺ٣ǴΪ粻ˣͿΪˣ
ţ³ϸ򡢴СԬ졢桢ҶĦڭ˽Դ
ÿɫԴ֮ɫ
ã
һɫ䣬뵽ĲֹǰһһȺˣҿֻ񶼺ܲǡ
ৣ
ڴʱСˣӰƾʧһƺߣһӰȻء
ãѱ촷һգ
ʼգû˿Сγɱеġ

Сѷ𣬺ڝĳһ쵶н
üݺֱѷ죬ѷ쾡ͷǿ߶屻նΪ롣
춯֣
ɱ
һ˾ŭȻ

ϸȣͫӲӣ
ͬʱ³һһԶ񣬳ǰȥ
СԬ졢桢ҶĦڭǶûţһ̳ˡ
¡
ɽۣ֮һս
ǣûж֡
ΪСС죬ϸ򡢰³ǣ̷Һ˳ƾΪ۴ʥ
̬ǣЩһ츳һһһһͣսҲǳѰǿʢ
νۣȺ֣ܹѰһ·սڵĽɫĿѰ֮
СᣬСħᣬϸͰ³ͷ
СԬǿɶǹŴ̥ǴͬĴ֮һġ桱оѳѰ
桢ҶĦڭǣҲ޾ɱĺˣ
Ƭ̶ѣһɱĻЩͼĶ֣޲ɱ
֣㿴һĻ϶ٵ˰ɡ
ૡ

𣬰һ˺ƺƵż̽ѰԵһ·˲֪Ѫȷƣ
ǿĲŭӣѰѹײУ˭뿪ЩҲֵĺѷɫ
ٷŭҲעͽ͡
ѰںǿչŵϵıǡĿ⣿
ʱţº
֮䣬ɺż֮ͬУζţ֮潫ٴС
һ죬Сһ˰Ȼ뿪һ
û֪ȥ

֮Ļˡ
Ŵ߳ǿߣһɣ
ǿߣУһɢ
ЩǿУѩЩ
ǻԵ֮Ĳпᡣ
ΪĴ֮һ棬ɲ˭뿪ģ
Ѱţ϶ȥǿչŵġ
뿪죬вǿҵԤУѰֽɫССһŻѸ޷£
֤۵עҪǰǿչŵġ
Ȼǰǣš
ٹ꣬ǿմʥҪˣҲ֪һսܷǰʮĵڼλ
뿪죬ԺҲֳѰӰ
Ѱĵ̺սǿմʥʱǰʮ
ֻȴ޷϶Ѱܹǰʮڼ
Һڴǿչŵϵ졣
գЦЦƮȻȥ
´һҪһܣŲܴ򲻴ù
հֹ
ѰѰֻҪҳǿչŵϣעɣ
Ҳ˶ѰĻԹޡ
ġǬͥĴˣʮսеѪ롢軡ȵˡ
Σ쿪ʼѰֺ¼һ籩㣬ϯǿչŵ֮ϣ
֪֮Ĵ֮һڿ֮ǰܵǿչŵĹע
ĻڷѰϵ飬Ҳסܿͱ֪
һʱ䣬˲֪ٵȻ󲨣Ƽ
Ѱ
һӹŻ߳ˣ֮ݺأѹһеУѪɱǿ
ءɽ̨
֮أѪȡ
֮Եߣ޲
ħ
ЩϢ԰ѰֵĴǿչŵϣ˲֪ٻȻԾ
֪Ѱáɵ۳桱֮ʱЩĴкϹǶˣ׷׿ʼйעסˡѰ֡
֪һ¾


1766 Ѱһ
Ż
񾩣ˮĽֵϣɼе޵ߣŮ١
佣ײǵһôġ
ڰ񾩣ȴΪԵʣˡ糱
ܶǰױˣɰе޵ߣϰ˸ϰߡ
ⱻĽ޵ı־
ϰ񾩣ʮ¥ǣ˸Ҷᷢܳ
ͺܶǰһɷʢ
һʱһհ׵ˣǰִ֮һ䶯
ڣʮ¥еġÿһδ¥Դ˵ļ¼
ĿɼȻע⡣
գհˡ¥
¥⣬ˮйͨΧ۵Ӱʢǰ
꣬ŻʥһѰǰҲǰ񾩴ʮ¥ǰδеļ¼
հףĪҪЧµѰǰ
հٵһ¼ɾ͵ڽ־ʱļ¼ȫˡ
ǿ֪հ׵һҲ֪ðģᣬ˵Уʵ̫ˡ
۷׷ס
ûãĿ¥ڣ߳һӰֱһ಼ˣü㣬ȳ
հף
һ궯
һЩŮӸ¶֮ɫԹ˰Ӣۣοհҫ۵ῡܣ
Ƽ¼ˣ¥ڣвϵп
һ仰óг׺䶯пհ׵Ŀ⣬翴һڹŻȽȽǣŹʣ
ֻǣհȴһ̾
ֻ֪˵׵ļ¼ȴûЩŬûһγԽԼʦѰļ¼
ʦ־ʱָжǿ󣿡
հ˼ɡ
УȺڻȴѵᡣ
ӰʦѰһ죬հױ㽫ʦѰ׷ϵĿꡣ
ΪˣʳȫԸĥӲи
ɽ׳ǳٽ壬ٹҲӲհκ
ؿ̿Уټӵǣհ׵ΪͻͽԶȺס
˽ΪŻ֮е׿հȴ֪Լӵеĵ̣վǲ統ʦ
ɥֲ֮࣬𺳣Խ˽ʦڹŻе£оԼĲ㡣
ͬȣվǷȱ
һҪŬС
հװ߬ȭͷһֱѰĻΨһϣǣһʦ𷵻عŻʱԼʧ
ˣ㡣
˵ۺͿᡣ
һֱ͵һ
˳
˼հ͵üĿ⿴ȥףңҺҲעһˡ
˽Դ㵡
һпѣȴհ׽з˵ĸоСһ
հýԵɡ
Ҫ뿪ˣУѶȤ
ˣԸͨ콣У
һλߺȻ֣ЦհףɫȺ͡
һ궯޲ĽǳԾͨ콣ڣǹŻָĹϵͳ֮һ
λ߸ͨ콣һλϹŶһλ̤ʥĸˡ
ûȤ
ɳϵǣհҲûܾˡ
ΪֻһΪʦ
߶Ц㲻ٿǿǣͨ콣ΪɽκԴԿͳͳ㡣
Ǹ
հҡͷֱˡ
һӻңüĿհ׵ӰԶȥҡҡͷȥ
죬հ׼¼ܾʦͨ콣ڵϢҲ˳һѸٴ
ֻϢκ䶯հ׵ԼʦУû˸϶Ĵ𰸡
𣬸һա
統ѰڹŻʱ˭Ҳ֪ʦкҲǺǲ֪½硣

½磬׵۹
̨ۣ֮ҹվףǳ˸
һ㣬СţӦ뿪֮桭
ϼ˾ڱƾϵݣ͵ӰҰ׵ķɫȴһӤ峺ɾ
뿪棬Ҳעٷ½硣СӶԣҲֻǿչŵܳ;Ĳ
¾ӣһƣһ󿪿ڡ
Ų֪ңԶľ룬ڴʱն̸
ϼ˾˵¹·ѾһǻѪĺӣܹǲһģ⣬Ӧһλ۴ʥ˰ɡ
һоƣ˵۴ʥǺǣɣˣҲ²Ȼҵ֪¹ţȻͲǿչŵϡ
ɡ
ϼ˾˼
¹¡
һһĴ꼴ϼ˾ͶţҲ͸Ǵ

һƬߡҰ硣
ɽУѪܻŤֲ
һ˻аĹڴЦֲĴƬ׹䣬ɢϢޱȡ
䣡
һͷӴݴɽгſĸó׹⡣
ԵݣӴ󡢿ֲ
ԶĻߵĴϣһӰѸŲƣһϮۣñڸסӣ¶ؾӨ׵°͡
Ӱ㡢Լжʱȴֳһ֮ƣŵһ׹ǳìλƵǻԡ
¡
Ӵƿ׷ɱõĳĴ֮ɢ
նңضݡ
ϣ
͵أһӰ㣬εض֫šתеİ׹ǳì
ݺͶȥ
ۣ
׹ǳìӴݵĲ̹嶼һɫĸѪҺ
˼ǣӴûʹɱȳ֮ǵء
һӰգ͵һ̽һֻӨѩ׵ƣ޳ָ£һȭ
ǧ⣬͵ر俪һռɽ鱩ϯӴݵûС
¡
춯ذı쳹Ƭն飬췭ظһɴļ
ء
ķɢӰĺɫñܣ¶һضȻӡ
ؾӨ峺ֱͦһԴ򣬹ճһĻߡ
ӰԼü续ԶػߣɽӻҰһĨõɫʡ
ǰǰ񾲡

Ƭ̺ºɫñܣڱգӴݸĵطһɫĴƬ
һǧŰʮ߸
룬һУ׹ǳìԶѱС
ת
ٴǻߡĻҰ
Щһˣһìһֱڴս
ӰԡѪ飬
Ҳݿ࣬ɱһУìָ޿ƥС
ںڰĬĬˣĬĬ
ʱս
Զƣ
ߡưܵҲ˿ģҲ˵ʲôȻˣʱ̣ҲֻǾĬضԴ
һ
ΨżһӰʱŻоԭȫǺڰġ
ããҰؼ䣬һУԼӰڻߵĴϹճһĨ¼ŵӰӡ
Ѱһ


1767 ʦ֣
ããѰһҶƮƮëһɾЮţȥ
Ĺˣûǳûйߣһ˿ʱ¶ţĳԶо
տҲ
һ·ϵǲδʲôգѰԭšľƽ
Ƿ̨ɫ̳ϣŻԷɽ֮ڵġҵһбǡͼʧĺѰͲԾ
ɫ̳ϲһɽɰֹ뿪
ֱڷ׭ԼĵšֵԨ֣һɽɰѲ䣬һֻ֣Ҫɫ̳ץߡ
ʱʱȣѰҲеԭֻܴҴҺͰ
Ҳ֪⾿Ҫȥ
ѰɢʶȴʲôҲӦ
ʱƣ˼Եɣʼ˴֮еĵʧ
Умȡӿ֡ʮġƣ츲ر仯
Դؾڣ̷һңֵʮޣԼΪҲͻʥԲز
Ѱӡ̵ǣһڵɫӰһֱڵȴλʦֻ
ɽۣ֮ɱȺۣ֮һС磬֪޾ӵܣԴƿȡԸ
ҲʱѰ֪ˡ΢ʦ֣֪ڹŻɽϵġ۵ƻᡱԭ΢ʦ
֮һġ̨·ϣǡ塱У˸ʦ֡ۡ
գ۱ӡڴʦֽʦ𷽴ɽ֮ġǧ
ͥڸԼ
ֱִ̨ʱѰΪͻʥڣһ˼ĸӦףǱɵ۳桱֮صĻԵԭʦ𷽴ɽ֮ΪԼġҵ

һľֱڣҲһδѪս
̲׸ѰѶ϶ԼѾͥʮսеĲٴ׵
ֻǣǴǰڣԺѰ˶ɵͺڣ
ͬʱÿһѪսѰõսƷ֮࣬ҲǾˣвһЩֵɹĹ屦
ѩùɱﵣһصĽ⣬ġ۵ʮͼȵȡ
֮˴֮УѰԿνջ޴
Ψһźǣûܺϸ򡢰³ۣ㷢һͻأıʡ
ţ
͵أѰȻȻԶ
տҲȻһĨɫ漴һӰٿȻ۶
һģӣ߹ڹŷ棬뷢ݵĮУһɲ
ԶԶһһеףѰԶԶһƾС֮У巢
ڵȵˣñڴ˿ôá
ĮӿдÿһڽϲԷּ㣬Ȼ쳹øնӿĲˡ
˿ʱѽĿ⿴Ѱ
һĿ⣿
죬Į飬ϲڸһֻϣ
ѰֻͷƤ飬бļ󣬼һ˲жϳӦһ۾ڣ
ˣ̨ϵ컯ڵܳܵģɡ
ӻ˻֡
ৣ
ѰֻЮɢܿƵأߡ
Į̽һֻ֡
һɲѰëȻһֶֻѣȴգͷųֲ֮˲ֿͷ
ˡ
Ҳڴʱǧˣһѣһӡ
˶ˣ彫նһ޴ѷ죬뼫Զ
豣㻹û
Զŭ
ǧ⣬ʵԣӳֳһðӰһԷĴ硣
ȻǸ豣
Ѱסˣѿڶʦ֣㻹ţ
̲סЦˣʦܣ븴ɲǰ򵥵飬ֻµ־ˡ
豣һˣҲ赲
ԶɫĮƾո֣뷢͵ؼһԾ
ৣ
ԾתֳĪ磬硢סء졢ˮɽ
磬֮ںϵ۵ͷų޷Ŀֲ
շһӡ
䣡
ѰֻǰããʲôʲôҲӦ
ĶԾ̫ߣܹͿ̽
ֱҰָʱûӵӰֻвƬѷ죬֤ղһսĿ¡
ʦܣһ·ϣӦвˣǽԵʦΪġҵ
Աߣ㾡ǰУ˺ġ
ʦ֣ܸܲңΪһ
Ѱ̲ס
豳̾Ϊֻдһʦڷ̨µĵҵѱ֪϶ϣط뿪עҪѡ
ѰһüƺҲ̫ȫ
ղӣһλ̤۾Ϲһ۾ϳѰ֮
豵ʦܣ·ʦģط뿪Ȼӹһ٣Ҳһӱϡ
һӱϣ
Ѱһ붼Щĺ
ʦ㡭
ҲڴʱѰȻ豵ӰģһƹԿҪ
ʦܣǧ㾡ǰ߱ǡ
ºЦţһλеضʱӰһʧ
Ѱɫǧ߬УһĿ⿴
ˡ
ǧƮεѰԡУɶݶȥ
;ǿտյʲôҲûС
ৣ
Ҳ֪ãһģĵˣ̤һɢĻƤ«ԶӶ
Ц㣬峺ɾСѣܵסһ뿪
Ѱ˿꣬ʵһ۾Ϲ
ʦܣ
ǧУٿȻһˬʴЦ
ЦһӰӳüĿɢһɷŵĺ֮
Ѱļ䱻һ۾ϳڲɽ۵ƻᡱĿУ꣡
΢ʦ֣𵴡
ǡ
Цſڡ
ԶϵЦʧһĨ֮ɫȡɢʮذĿֲϢ
һƼ両һһһ٣һɿգ
䣡
ӳبǵնն
ͬʱ΢˫죬ָһⷽȻһƬ嫡صϢȡ
Լ䣬һҡҷˣţĽ赲
ʱһƬƬ꣬Ҳ֮㡣
Ȼһһĵǡ
Զ˳̾һ̤籡ĻƤ«תȥ
˵ֻһһסˣת뿪
ˡ
΢ңң֡
ѰüѷƲס֮⡣



1768 һ
΢ƾ棬ƮҷƮݡ
ѰŶԷ˵ʦֵĳֻ⣬΢ĳ֣ȫϡ
ʦܣɻģҲܻش𣬵ҿ԰֪Ķ㡣
΢ЦָָԼԴҲҾһ־Դɺܲʹ
ѰЦҡͷҴŲ³һЩԵɣЩǧйذɣ
΢Ĵָ޵ʦһеģǧʦޱȣأɻʦ㰲Ȼ뿪Ҳʲô¡
Ѱ˿еķĬƬ̣ʵʦ֣ǲΪҴ˴λõġҵѰŻᱻϣ
΢Цԣܾǰʦ㽫һҵڷ̨Щĵ۾ٶܿһЩߣΪһЩıҲ˳µ顣
ѰһΪһҵΪı͵ȴ£
һҵָúε˲ãЩ۾˵⣿
ѰȻɣֵصʱٴһɵۻԵѣýײǧ𽣻һڿֲϹɣֵڵȴƾõ¡
˶ԱȣҲѰʶһбǡӡı
ʦܣ߰ɣʦһ̡
΢˵ţǰƮƮ
ѰӰһţ΢һȥٶȿò˼顣
ʦܣʦֵһǺ󣬱һֱ׷ʦУۼ츳Ҳʦֵܣ۵̣಻ʦֵܣΨһõóֵģһͨġ
·ϣ΢ڵϧֻҵһ־ӡ򣬵ǿԽԼĥһʦƷһ
ѰЦЦʦ֣ڿɲȱţʦǰòŽĴͥҡ
΢һǾʦѹ׵ֶΣµ壬ΪԽߣӳսԽֲʦֵһ۵ʱҽһһ飬Ψоʦľګ׾һԲ
д趯ʱʦȫǰɱһʦֵƨ
˵΢Ц
һμҲӡ̣޷ȴ
ѰȴЩɬʦȥˡ
һתƻ⣬Ǵ޾ӵ˵ǰŻڲɽ޵
΢ͷȷд¡
ʦѰʡ
΢һε˭֪أһ־ںܾǰͷӡǧУǿչŵϣһ˲ɸӦĴڣʺĹطͲˡ
Ѱһ
ʦִǿչŵϣȥڡһ⣬ǵĿʦӡҵյһӣţ֪ұ
Ѱ𵴣ֱǡ
ڣ
ǲǼǬ޿ڵţ
ˣǵʦǻýԼһʦ塱
Ѱе˼ǣڵĿʦֻԼʦյһӡ

洫
Ѱɫù
ǿҵԤУԼ²Ӧ٣ǿչŵϣκɵĴڣֿɾԲظĻ͵ǵͳ֮ˣ˭˭סƱػͻɱ
ǣˡ
أ΢Цſڡ
δ£ԶУһͷѩ׵ľʨƥʥϢ
ѩ׾ʨ֮ϣһӰͷһֻԲӰӳֳ컨׹յ
һ֣ƬҰ޵һӱùҫۣׯࡢ׵ϡ
쳹쳹ͷ
ɣһλӵе۾λķӣڷУɳƵϽղ
ǰѰѱǵׯ壬ͬ
Ϊ΢ڣ
УԵһ£ҸȰһ䣬ͷǰ
΢ڡ
Ʈ裬ʳɫĻҲ֮Ȼһ䣬һſص
棬ִǱ˰ѣԸ۵ƶɮ̸һ
ɫʨϣ˫ֺʮϲŭ
˭֪һǿڲ֮ܽħͷ˵ţ͹˲õĺܡ
΢ЦȻԸˣǾͱĳˡ
䣡
һư
ӿɫҺƵģͷųอ֫ٺӿ֣ޱʥ

֮ڷУ㱦ʣֳơ
΢ЦζĳһƣͻȻþӨ͸һƵ
һΣѰδ⵽ţһһĵĻ桪
أ
΢£ӵͷ֮أ׷ɢ
Ӱʼ˿
סˣ
ѰԺиոͷʱ
ͼǷӲϲׯϣȻֳһĨɬ˱ϡ
һ־ȴӵΰƶɮɻܲͷ
̾УѰſǷӽӲӵϣֳһ˿˿ƣѶۼܿȫ
صһ
ӰһĻƿһƬ
գ˵İɫʨë㣬ƤĤѿѪա
ԭһӲûеס΢һƣһ֮ɢ£ѽĽɫ飡
Ѱ鲻Խһ
֮ǰ΢ʦֵסһʱĪ𺳡
Ŀ΢ʦֵķɣ֪΢ʦֵս˹
ˡ
΢֡
ԶɫۣǷӵӰͼ˫ֺʮš
ʩǰ·жλͬƾһˣֻ޷סӡ
˵գתȥ
ʱѰע⵽΢ʦֵӰһȻģ
Ȼһ־ѳŲ˶ã
ֻǣ΢ȴƻ벻⣬ֺǺЦĲţƱǡ
ʼգʣƵᣡ
ǵȷɣѰ֮
΢ʦܣʱ޶࣬ǧʹһá
Ѱԥó
֣΢üƽһĨŵɣʦܣʦķɣ˼ѣһַһֱǲŽĸ˷緶
˵ţҲѰػѰ󲽶ȥ
ʱţһ
ԭ޿յȻһǹ⣬˸ݣ֡
Ѱһ֮ǰʱǿããޣѹ֡Ұ˶оռ䡢Ĵڡ
ڣһˣ
ͬҲڴʱ΢ֹһ罣üͷ𣬿૵
ʦܣе鷳ˣ˭뵽һҵ컯ѣȴ۾϶һ֣Ҳ߯ﲻҪˣҪ۸˰



1769 Цŭ΢
΢£ԶУֳӰ
һ׷ͯգɷǵߣ̤ƣͷͼ籡ʮ⡣
һȼѩŮӣһӿ棬޳һ۶ɵơ
һ°׷ӣθֳſڵӰܻľ
λ۾ڣ
ⳡ컯˭Դߡ
ɷǵ΢ЦڣȻǷɽˣҲС
ȴ쳹նը
ˣɽڵ۵սʱ̮бǡɽҲѱ٣ûзɽеֻһȺɽĹ»Ұ
ۣŮ俪ڡ
ô˵ҪģնɱһֻҰˣ
°׷ɫϷʡ
ȴ΢ָͷЦ˵һġ߱ħۡʦһƨ˶ӣ̻ɥ֮Ȯ
ڶġӡʶʱ񣬱ҵסһ󣬱ˡ
ġӡЩˣһһƴ򱬣ֻʣԪĶӡ
˵⣬΢ĿһɨԶˣЦ죬ڣҵһ䣬ѡֽ֣
һλһţǿչŵһϹŶɫһ
ȴ΢˵ǹ»ҰΣ΢ڴˣǡеӸվ
УźεĲмʮ㡣
λ˲֪µϹŶɫÿˡ
ǵȻ֪΢ɽʮˡ
ǿչŵϣ΢һĵš
ۣ
һڽ֮·ϣƵµİһ۾Ϊ֮·Ψ΢ɳĴ뢣
΢ڴˣʣȷûʮĵö֮ĳ֡
ɹؼǣڵ΢ֻһ־ӡˡ
ңأ
΢ıڵ۵ս֮󣬱ʧǿչŵϣ֣ܶϼһɶƲ⣬˵΢ٶˡ
̤ƵЦڡ
ǱΣǿչŵϣݲ·ɽ
ŮӼЦ
Ѱ⣬
ڵ۵ս֮󣬷ɽ̮ͳưܣ
Ҳڵ۵ս֮ǿչŵϣݲ·ɽʣĴˣ
ڵ۵սУɽͳ˺£
ȴʱ΢Цʦܣ֪Ϊôϻ
Ѱش΢һһٵΪҲڵĺͺ£ֻһ־ǡɲ׶֣
ǳ
λ۾ɫˮ
ѰҲЦˣʦ˵ĲһЩ۾˲ԭҲһȺɫĻɫ
΢ЦѰ򣬵ʦܣĪҪǳǷɽȷưˣ顣
ȻҿԸ㣬ǷɽĵˣɲЩǷɽҲϲܻᱻЩһĵ˻ܣ
һһλ۾ϹŶ
Ѱȴо˵ʹ죬ĺã
ͬʱ΢Ĵʦܣ뿪סԺǰǿչŵУɵۣҪԷɽߡ
£Ѱֻģ̧ͷͿ΢Ц
Ѱһ
ɲ˵ȻһΰЮԶ
΢ҡ
֣
Уŭıȣ
ֻǣƾѰŬ޷κξҰоǶתƵĻ档
ʱճϫ沨
ʦܣҪǺˣͷǡսۡͶ񶾵Ůǡ׵ۡǰëСǡ潣ۡһǿչŵ쵱ġ
֮䣬Ѱͷ쳹΢Ц
гһռұ𣬱Щ֣̤ǵɽţɱǵͽͽұ㲻΢
Ѱţͷ̣Ǽǵǣǣ΢ʦ޾һУЦŭľɡ
ǵǣ΢ʦⷬζţһ־ܻʹ
ʦܣȥ
͵أ΢ͷٴը죬ţǧʹѰǰ
ˣ΢û
ʱУһƬžֻҰй½ľ󲻶ϱš
ѰӿһĨŨŨʧ䣬Ҳһ˵ķŭ
һбǡͼУȴ˶ϹﶢϣÿһԼΪ⣬ζͱޱȡ
象΢λʦ־ɢѰе׵ʹͺޣ
ʦ֣Ҳֹסˣ߱ħۡӡӣһҲӣ
Ѱ۾죬߬˫ȭ
λʦԼ޷Ŵһ컯뿪棡
Ѱпɬǣԭ׼еƣҪڹؼʱ̰΢һѡ
˭ϵ΢ͻȻ֣ˣӦ
䣡
Ҳ֪˶ãһѰǰֱðǣһʯ㣬ܿƵ׹䡣
һһƬӲĵϣҳһ޴ĿӶ̳
ৣ
һ̣ѰʹӿӶгЩǱ
Ŀ磬ɨܣʮ㡣
ֻƬ̺סʲôط



1770 ǿ
ɽӻߣݺᣬɳ졣
ݲֻŰķĵХţ
ѰʶɢƬ̺ü両һĨ
ֹû棬޷Ӧ
ؼ串дŻԪȵ
ͺñȺеˮ޵߾ˮɵûˮ̸ʲôУ
ৣ
ѰڿնӰǧɡɡ
ܿ죬Ļ񷶥֮ϣոӣע⵽Լղ֮أȻһǳ
ֻǣǳԵޱȻͰ

Ѱɫ𲻶Ǹһ磬Ի
͸Ӧڡ硱Ϣ
ৣ
ѰڿգϷɸߣأҰпǳе貣еİ޹⣬еĻΪѭеĻǺת
ǿ֮ϣ
Ѱһ
ǰɼ׳͹ǶβǺľɫ
ʱˣԹ¶Ȼ֮УʧУ֪̣֪ǰ·
ûãѰһ貵ǳϣɶУʶɢ̽ѰãѰüͷ
ûκʹϢ
ѰаʱӰ˸ǿ֮ϣһһǳ棬ѰãҲ̽Ѱá
գһ
·һټǿգ类ȫû
Ѱ񱻷еͽ
ô
ʱѰǿϣɫ粻
ûʹζŽѰٲɹеʱˣǺޱء
ͺñ֮ûʳע޵޿ɹеʹҲע˥ȥֱ
ˣ
أѰ̽һһյ͹׾ֶͭ
Ƶյ渲ŷܻɬĴо֮أһöָ߰롣
ǧ
ͨؾʱõһ
ʧǺϣԿԴ˱ƶ·
ˡ
Ѱ߷˱һö״ָ뷢⣬תչ⻪ָ붨һϡ
ѰüһɨգȻУ
һ̣չжԡǧָ·ɶǿգԶȥ
ʱһһš
ǧָżתƷѰҲ֮ɶݵķλ
ããǿУֻȻһ˷ɶݣһ·ϲδκΣգڵĹ¶žգȴѹ֡

ѰòͣٽŲɶǿ֮ϣĵٸɺԵĵز
ৣ
Ƭ̺ѰӰһǳϣóһЩҩ㿪ʼϥָ
ƬǿУʹϢҵǣѰϴŴҩںܳһʱڲΪ
ѰȴһΣС
ѾɶʱˣûѰٵ·ʱˣϵıٶ࣬Ҳעб׺Ĺһ죡
ʱʡһ˿һ˷ѣֻʡҲףһ׵İ취С
һ߾ޣѰһ˼⡣
ûûд类㣬ȾǰûҶԣһǰδеĥᣡ
ѷΪʥͣһʥ确ͻƣɱҲעͬСɡ
뵽⣬ѰȻһûдϢͻƾʱֻʥ١
طҲЩ˼
գѰЦˣ֪䣬ľȻ仯
֮ǰһƬǿ緮ûڣѹ֣񱻷УҪ
ڣȴһ硰ĵطһѵһĥ֮أ
Ⱦ£ܳŹȥԺʲôǳŲȥģ
ңУᵽĸ־ҲעвɹĲã
һ
Ѱٴչж
ǿϣӰ׷ɣӴʶ׼ؿԼÿһԴʡɶʱҪĵ
ͬʱľĥͲ򡾴֮ͥ
۾ֻҪľһеأ
һηɶݣ֮ãѰűٸɺԱԵϴΣ֧ͬ£ȴʱ䣡
нչֻ辫׼ϵԺ󶨿ԼֵԽá
Ѱвһ
ʥӵеȻƾޱȡ
ֻһζȴܽ֡ؾ׼ãһ˷ѣ
ǰңܹսȺУǸ͵;ۺǿȴûнӵеת
ʶ㣬ѰһӿȪĸ
ҶţѴ֮ɽһͷţ֫⣬ƾľǶ֪ͶԼ֮պϺڵǶá
ȶãֹɶݣսС
ʱһʮᣬһ򷨣
θ죬ѰŴӴӴѹ̧ͷǿգ
ߣ
Ѱٴγ
һΣʮĴ
֮
ǿգѰ˸п
׷ſңپѰ·Ȼһ˴ǿϣʱʱ̿̽У
żƣ㾲ָ

ǿϣȻ
лᣬߵأ


ѰӰһҶëǿƮǰУ˯˯ı߼ʣ̨һ
֮أĺţɫ֮ת뵡
л磬˯˯̥
״ʱ䡣
䣡
죬ѰȻһ͵ͦ
һɲõͷţ֮أٿȻࡢࡢڡơԣһ̥ƵĹΣһһɡ
̥
ͥĴ󾳽磬ֱ̾ɫζ¾
ʱѰ۴ʥ֮Ϊ̾ڣ֮أ̻һƵ顣
Щ飬õķ࣬ģֳࡢࡢơסԡ
ڣѰ۳̥ԡͥĲ˳ͻһȫ¾磬ִɫ
ڴ˾֮ص飬ͻΪʵֳԵġɫࡱľ飬ֳ桱ɫࡣ
ʱ̥ӳֳȫͬġɫࡱ
ֱִζͻڡ̥ƿǶӵԼġζÿɢĸԲͬζ
¾ӵиԵʶ͵У
ˣ֮񡱱ɴΪÿһΪԲڱҸͨ
Ҳһ죬Ѱʥ֮ɴʥΪͻԲز


1771 ̩
ܿ죬Ѱͷų糱ˮȥ
ƾڷƮǡ
ӽƬǿѽŸʱ䣬ĥѰȷһ¡
ȻǾֻҪľһҲһѵñУ
һʱջ񲻿ν
ȣƿѴﵽǷ켫֮زҶţϺڵ
󣬴̥ԡͥɫҲ˳ͻʥԲز
ֻһϣʥ֤
ϧ
ûãѰȴ̾
ΪֱصĲҩǱٺľıԵ
Ÿ£ûܴһǿѰٵ·Ѱ⣬ʵĶȱľز١
ֻҽӡһˡ
Ѱϡ
䣬ϢȻ仯ɾ۴ʥԲز½˾ʥ
ͬʱԪһΪۣΪ鮣ԡǧָ·ǿзɶݡ
һѰͬзӡȫ˷ɶ֮ϡ
ʱš
žǿУѰڲС
ʶȱע޷УžͳѰΨһġ

Ҵǰȥ
ѰɹָİأϤ¯ⲿԼķţٶȲɱ䣬һ֡ռ䡱á
ŵḶ́ͬһհ׵ĵ伮Ѱд֣һҳҳ廪£
¯һ伮ķԽ̺࣬İؾԽ£ӵеܾԽǿ
ҲУѰЯĲһʣȫľ
ڴ˹УҲڲͬǳѰѰٿɹõʣսԿֶ顣
Ƭǿգһ顰ء
ѰԺ鹭顰ȱϵȴֺεĳУʱڸ
ಣ
ѰƼһöʽӣһصĴʯĥɣ׭һء֡
ͨؾλŮӵ֡
صĴѣֻ߶Ůӱͨؾ߳
ĬãѰֽ
ַ֮ѣͼݡء
һĥѣҵҪǷסˣ
Ѱһľƽͼᶨ
֮ıԵĿֲȻڻصʱ
ѰǺǿ֮Ҳʵһ֣ɣأ
ǣĥϣ׶ֻԼг覴á


Ѱ׷ӡΪΪ֧š
һ
ѰʣµΪĴΪ

ѰΪ
ʱţֱǿշɶݵĵĳ죬Ѱһ׺ľ
ȥʶ״̬Ψһɱܵ־֧š
ʱѰƽͿ٣
ҲȼµľУһѵޱȵѰͷӿֶ
أѰҲ֪͵վֱ壬бһĨâ
޳
޶ȣ
ת
棡
ν̩֮֮
䣡
㣬Ѱԭɺԡݽߵ壬Ĵ塢Ϊڴ˿̲һµת
Ǳܱ⳹ױ̲츳ıԴõͷš
糱ˮɽХ֫ٺӿȫɺԵĺӴ꽽࣡
̩
Ǳȵ㼫زѰԼţԼ˾޴Ǳûбھ
ʱ䣬Ѱ״̬׻ָﵽ۷Բز
ΪδͻƣѰȴܵ˿̵Լǿ˲ֹһ
һһǺɵˮѺһ
ǿϣѰţƮҷڷƮɢһִԲĿϢü価
һ̣һǿҵȻĿɨǿգ³һ仰
˾޵У
һһ٣쳹ʮ

ܵʼƵģѰڼв̩ɱһǿ֮òδ
֪䣬һʱȥ
ѰòٹʼʩԼֶνʡˣɱ᧿Σ
ܵ尾ѰˣֻľԱ
ֻǣѰأԼţϮϲ
Ҳ֪象΢λʦǷ֪ʦ·Ѻͼ尾
Ѱ̾
ˣ
һ˷ɶռš塢ǿգûʣûûдﵽ
ǰδеľĥѣԽκһľǿĥ÷
ţ
Ѱ˼֮ʣȻע⵽еġǧָ룬ٿȻһ
Ѱʶ̧ԶͼããϢظһҝŻ
һ˲Ѱ嶼͵رз⣬һԵļϲɽǻ
·
ڳ
ԥѰƴʣȫԶŻ̶ȥ
䣡
Ӱһ˲Ѱֻǰ췭ظ岻ܿƵرһɿֲŲЮȥ
ڿ뿪˰
һ̣Ѱ񣬳иһŻԼ
ֻҪ뿪緮Ĺطˣ
ţ׺ľѰǰһڣ׻˯˹ȥʵ̫ˡ
ͨؾУŮӡء¶һĨЦ⡣
ĿѰһУüԼȥ̲סҪ
ÿһΣѰ漣
ֱ񣬿ѰɹҲһظɺϲá
ˣͺú˯ɡ
һ̣ǴԼλðӰͨؾ߳
һǿʱ׷ɣѤùҲΣ֮
䣡
һֻ޴צشӼԶ̽һǿݺĴ
سʱǰԤеһĻɫžֻ֣̽һ
һĨָӳٿȻ֮ƵģɢãϢݺݵסһֻצ
ײֲನɢǿĶ
צˣԶУгƵ޺
̧ۿȥͼһͷ޴ޱȵĹ޺飬Юǧǳ
һͫףһԴհ㣬ѪˣɢĿֲâ
ӴһȣǳһſŲ۵ӡ
ѰѣһϳͷǿվޣһֹһΣ
ͫһһӣŻ˯ѰԲ˼ٶȳǿ
䣡
ǹ̽צգӹһǿ򱬣ը
ǿµһĻ۾ﾪһ亹
գǱǰһ뿪ʧͷһ޴Żڡ
Ԩ񷡭һץġ
ǹľɺͫʧĵطãתʧãã顣


߾ ǿյ·


1772 ľɣ
Ҳ֪˶ã˯еѰһ޺ѡ
ѵ۾ҰǲĴ֦ҶŨܣգʪ
ԼڸҶӸǵĵϡ

Ѱ͵һڣģʶѣɢͫҲһ
ɽţһƣޱȵĸо糱ˮӿȫ޷һָͷ
ζ˵ޣÿһ缡ޱȿĲ䣬ѹˡ
ã뿪ǹطˡ
Ѱڵϣſеɫ¶һĨò֮ɫ
˼εأʼоȻתΪȥȡؼ뵵

һƬ˼ɭ֣ѰתΪзֲȻ糱ˮӿ
Ϥȡǵľԣֻ΢΢Ѱɸеޱȵϲá
ʺǿˣ
ڣڸܵܵ˴Ǹоղŵһͷ̰ϲã˵㡣
ֻǣϲýάֲƬ̣ѰȻһ
¡
Զһͷ޴ޣɽ
һֻƣ̣ͨ߰ɳŷìǰ֫һͫһԾ޴ı̵
һͷޣ
Ѱһ˲жϡ
޸벻ۣڣڼУ޷ΪҲ޷ñ
˵ޣһͷܸɼв
ಣ
ȷ棬Ǿ޴ıɱһԷǰ֫絶貵ɫϼ
һ̣ѰƽƴŸջָһ˿͵һ
飡
ԭλã汻һ޴ѷ죬ɡ
Ѱһ亹ҧһֻƾҲҶԼ޼ɵ֣ǻƽȮ۰
ᣬһҪƣ
Уסһöһ̸ֱ϶൱ʥȫһ
Ըһͷȫ´ࡣ
ֱѰЩսɱУӵϻõսƷѶûʲôֵ
ȴû뵽ȴʱ֮ء
ԶǾ޴ıЩ⣬û뵽һܱ࣬ܿһ
ٴλӶǰ֫Ѱɱȥ
󣡡
ɲѰ֣һ쳹ģһ޹ǳɱ
䣡
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Ǿ޴ıƣֱӱһҵ屬飬ķѣȳɫѪҺɽ
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼһεӰƿն
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Сɫɫ̷ģɢһҰ֮
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Ѱû¡
վ£ڵʲôòǱɵ˰ɣ
Ů̲סЦˣ¶һѩıݣˬһֶصķ顣
Ѱһѵس壬ҡҡλεؾҪվʱ
Ůǰһס첲壬٩С磬һˣȴô飬ǲϲ̫ˣ
Ѱǵһ˱ŵŮˣסؿһۣҲ٩С㣬㲻֪˵һأ
ҰԣһǾޱŮӳԳЦ˰ɣϺһƶü
˵ţһѽѰ˼ͷ
ѰһæҪʲô
ŮѴ󲽳ԶȥϹ룬Ҷ̫С粻ȤЩǿѵֻܹ߳ǿȽŲһ̡
Ѱ
ôˣѰͷһⱻŮ˿ߣĺӿһĨ߳ܵ
Żǿ֪ҵħгһվ䵽ȵزθ룿
ιСˣΪҴû㣿
·ϣŮʵ
ҡ
Ѱһʱ
˼˵
ǡ
Ǿˣ
ǡ
㵹˵
ҡ·ˡ
Ѱ˰죬һ𰸡
Ůһ󲻹شЦС㻹һⰡֹ飬·Ҳ̫˼ˡ
Ѱ
ʲôЦģ
ð죬ŮӲֹסЦ˲۽Цˮҽϱϣľɣ塣
ľɣ壿
ԣʮ֮һľɣ塣
磿
ǰˣСʲô
ֵԨ
ԭС硣
ܸܲ˵˵飬ҡЩʧˡ
Ѱ˵⣬һ󲻹ĴЦ飬·ʧ䣬һֱ̫˼ˣ
Ѱ
ôЦ
Ѱ㿴ӦþԸֹۡǿˬģСڣȻҲϲ޼ɵЦ
·ϣѰ˽⵽һЩϢ
磬һλǿչŵϵƫԶС硣
ڴ˽磬Ĵźʮһƿء
УнһǴ˽ִţߡ
ľɣ壬ֻʮʵΪһȺ
硢ǿչŵ
ѰзһĨ㱡
ǰԼ̨ϣԼһռǿգȴ˼سǿչŵˣ
֪ڹŻʱΨгɵߣܴϣ̤ǿ֮ϣ޵ߣˣһӶִָܵǿչŵ
Ѱˣ
֮޳Īǡ
ร㿹һˣ
Թԣ㲻޼ôȥԣԻȴһˣ
һҺĽ
Ѱ̧ȥͿһ޴ɽȣɽ뵣ϼƣһϵʯݽУ۴αȡ
ɣľɣ֮̾ء
ɽڸһȺŮĥһԿӢѪţת侪ˡ
￸ѰʱЩŮԿʼ塣
﷭˸ۣûһȺСƨǶѣϽר䣡
˵ţѰɽȡ
һ·ϣѰľɣǿߣŮ٣ޱǿᣬѪʮ㡣
ܿ죬Ѱ˽⵽ľɣӵˣܾڴˣڳֻΪΣᱻ
֮ɽȣľɣġء
ûãѰһӵʯǰһĸߴǡôʯ߳һ㵵
ôһ˻ˣ
ڵ壬һڡɭ֡񵽵ģ̫飬⣬Ͱˡ
ŶһӿֳһĨâѰƬ̣㳯λӰˣշȥаɣˣٹһ£Ҫȥμӡսˣʱܷӱ
æϣ壬ס
˵ţϵѰڵϣЦеС磬Ǿίסһӣպʦô˻ᣬ˼Ҹúòӡ
һġ
˻֣תȥ


1773 
ɣľ֮һһʥʦȺеߡ
ʯУѰϯض
һĬ㽫ĿѰ濪ڵ
ӣѾͷСȴܿӺֻܲϣϣӵĵǴŶ⡣
Ѱֵĳֻһ;ˣָԻ뿪ϲӰ쵽һС
Цŵùӣֻǲ֪ӿҪСϰæ
ѰҡͷίʾԼֻ農һʱɡ
㲻ٶ˵ʯѰתȥ

ѰһʼĴ
ľɣأŨޱȣ̺ȻԶһЩ亱Ķ츣أѰԣҲѺ㡣
죬Ѱ㲻Եú֣ܰðһֱҲǰĲ١
һİˣͻȻȺ˭Ҳܲ衣
ԴˣѰҲδϣһ˼˻ָΪϡ
Ѱεʵǣľ磬ֻȡؼָҲҪ֮ã
ؼǣľɣ壬ҷſֽȥ
Ļɽᱻһ˸̵Ķ̫󣬻𲻱Ҫᡣ
ȱҩ谡
һ죬ѰӴЩ⡣
ѾˣŻָ۷ʱǧ֮һ
ԭڣ̩֮ɱĸ͵ֱۺһɵҲﵽһֲֿزԶ֮ͬ˿ɱȡ
ֻƾ輳ȡ׻ָٶǻ֮
룬Ѱ߳
峿ķ촵ãдĲľ㣬Զ䳡ϣɣľǿ䣬һߺ
ѰŲǰУⷽϢ
͹ŻһҲ治ͬط쳣ļ̺ۺ
УԼ䣬ѰܵһѹƣĪķϢ
Ѱ֮ԽǿܹɵԽǿ޵ߵоԽ
֮طԽ谭޵вΪ޷޵߸ӦߵĴ磡
ֲõ۾һǿչŵҲֻܳǵǵС
Ѱ˼
ǼһԿˡ
Զ·ߣһЦ
һЩŮؿѰİˡ
ģǺܿ㣬ƤҲܰأԭϲֵء
һŮЦ
ѰһΣͲز£ｫԼ飬ȻЩ촫ľɣ塣
һ뵽£ѰͲЦãԼһλ۴ʥһʥĴڰ
ȻһŮ˿ˡ
ŲϲС
أһ
һӢ˵ŭصѰҸ㣬Ҫ뷨
Ѱһǣ
Ӣ㲻ù˭ֻҪסѺнڴԶ飬ԺҪһ뿪磬ǰ硯еģ
ѰвЦ֪ˡ
Ƶ̬ȴӢջˣò᲻֪Զɣнڵһ洫һǿߣһλ겻޵ţȣʲô
ѰΣʲôһ۴ʥôͲһˣ
Ȼ֪Ѱ˶
ҶˣΪáѰ
ӢɫԻߵ׾ͺã֪㻹ﲻģҶ㲻
˵գתȥ
ѰĿ뿪ҡҡͷ
ʶƺԼǰǿ
нһִţߣһ洫ȴֻоΪɴƶϣŵĵҲǿ󲻵Ҳͺ͹Żͨ콣൱
ҲԣֻǿչŵһƫԶѡ
Ѱһ˼⣬һǰС
ι
Զ첽һͷɫ̷ڷƮҷСɫڳԣһҰ֮
϶ǲˣ
ߵǰֱʣüһĨŭ
ǰ
Ѱʶ϶˭
Сӣȥʰ
˶ţתߡ
ѰæסҲΪá
޵øƨСݵľԶҿɶԶȤ
ѰȻǲǶô
ü⣬յװˣҳô󣬶ûˣĿͺΪ£
ѰʱȻ㲻ԸŻ£
Ҳǡ
ܾᣬֻûнӴҲ˽⣬ôðȻءţ㶮ɣ
Ѱͷģ϶˵λԶһλ˲õţķ
һͶݺݵѰһۣ˭οˣС磬岻ˣ
˵Լ̲סЦ촽ݣĲá
ѰӦͻ˻֣С磬ˣġ
飿
飿
ѰǶ鴤Լ̥֮ɿ飿
οԼҲ˰
´μˣС椵Ĵ֪
ӣ϶˵Ĳľɣÿһˣϣܹ˳ؼ޸ԶԸκһ˿⡣
Զ뿪ķĿдеΡ
ŤͷѰ䣬ľɣ彥һЩûļĴţʮеӰҲԶԶǰ
Ѱüײ壬ԣǽԶһֶΣ
̾һǱƲѣ˭ԸˣȺҪӴȥҪһЩѵŬ
ЦˣɫοãûѾͷίԶĻ£һ׮֮ϣܹԶΪ£Ů顣
ѰɫȻҲÿԸԸС
飬һ˲ò֣ȹһΣбҪΪ˵һЩʲô
δ˵Ķԣ¸£սͻĻʱĴšʮһǿߣԻ뵽С
˶٣ʱԺԶӴţ϶ģҼԶһ˲ţòڣ̡츳ʵԿһһĶ⣬
ԴƲס͡
ѰȴеһȻƬ̣뿪
Ҫȣ
ʵ
ţȥߣɢɢġ
Ѱ
Ҫͬ
ˡ
ĿѰӰнԶ¶һĨζЦݣԼⷬӦѴеһЩͷɣ
˾Ƕûʲô뷨ЩٲϽ
ûѾҪɢɢˣзƣɢģ
ЦЦջĿ⣬ȽڹϣǾⷢģ


1774 ƨ
߳ɽȣѰĪЦЦղʱ϶ͻȻվָԼֻ¾ϼһָʹġ
һȺʢϣһֽԼǣľɣĴѾֹܲˣŻɳȴ£ͽмͶҽ
Ѱҡҡͷٶ롣
ֻһͣҲֻһ
ৣ
һ̣ѰӰʧ
ǧ⣬һɽۣѰƾ͵һ

ɸߵɽ£ӰӿѰС
Ӻ뵵ɽѱðû԰֮
Ѱ֣ȥɽͳ׻ˣ²˼Ժ󻹿Իָ
ಣ
ѰûͣٶŲնȥ
µҪָֻĽҰѰһЩɽˮȡ
𣡡
һƺƵĴϿգѰ̽һץںӵһץʮɳӲתϼ
Ѱһ̣ǿһص˲ͱѰΪһӿȫ
ʱ䣬ѰӰؼ˸ŲƣԽԽԶѰԴ

ѰһƬĮǰĸܼѻָȫʢʱٷ֮һˡ
üЩˡ
ͬʱѰҲжϣλǿչŵϣɺԣ˽ӵеԴ̸϶฻ģ͹Ż޼
֪һʱѰ٣ͼھһЩҩֻѼһЩҩԣͬߡ
£Ҳֻˡ
Ѱٴչж
ֻ֪磬λǿչŵƫԶشȻԸ⽫ʱ䶺˵ء
º
ѰƮ裬ƺ֮ϣɣѻָȫʢʱң
Բ֮أѱ̽Ѱһ飬ʱȥһˡ
Ѱϡ
ηأһ뿪飬⣬Ǳ

ľɣ塣
ԶԶأûпһѰУŷŭִ
Ѱһȥ
ͼɽ⣬һȺӰۣŮλϢǿɫŰͲ͡
ɽǰһľɣǿߣΪ׵ĺȻλȨصߣ˿ȴ࣬ŭڡ
ƻʲôʱܴнˣֹԶĻԼ룡
ȣը졣
ľɣǿһҲŭޱȣɫѿ
Ⱥеɫ㱣һʧǵӣС΢΢ЩףûˬЦݡ
ǺǣˣнںԶͷɿǰ£
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ܣ
۾ˣ˻ƣнܰ飿ܣ
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ߴЦóһݺɫֻǣݻѾ˺Ƭ
߿ƺģʵֻѵɲ˺ģԶԼ˺ҽǡ
׻
һ۾ϳǷݻȴû뵽ʱǲġ
ľɣһҲסһ¶ŭ⣬ѵԶΪ
ˣҲδ̫ɶ
һĻߴ¶һĨ⣬̽óһź
Ŷˣ⻹һԶױдġ˻ҪҪһ
УųŪ
˻
ڰпһеѰ⣬Զδ̫ǲľɣκһ˿ˡ
Ѱ˿Ⱥе
ԸֹۡǿˬĹ˿̽ҧŴɷףдȻģѰһۡ
ǵãԥ˵ûӴ˽ԶĿһӾͽŻ¡
֮ǣĲȫİţҲҪȥԺ˽Է
ڣű˺Ļһ˻һг׻ˣ
ִһŮ˶ԣ̫ˣһ˻ŮˣԺ󡭡̧ͷ
ԶһķַʽܾԺ棿
ʱߵģֻ¶ܵЦͳŪ
֣ùһ˻ϱֻдһ仰ĸ֣
Լϣ
ûнͣûԵɣֱУ
ۣ
ŭģ͵ؿȳһѪ嶼ҧԶԶúݰ
ľɣ˴˿̶ɵˡ
ԭҲϣͨԶĻԼܹƲĴ
˭룬Ⱦجģ
ǡΪλ˻飿
죬̧ͷԶĺߣɫ
Ŷܼ򵥡
һԺΪԶŮ飡
˵ţָһŮӣŮ
Ůݳڣ΢΢̧°ͣһĨ⣬Ŀ⿴ԶȺеãҪ壬ˣҿɻ᲻ĵġ
ⷬԵޱȴ̶
ջûסתɽڣܴܵ裬ѱʧء
ŮӲЦˣ־
ˣˣԶ˻飬Ȼƻйأ
ͥ㡭
˻˵
ϻ˵ĳˡ
ߴЦȫʤƵģһתȥ

һ죬ﱻ˻飬ľɣ壬ȺӰ
Ǳò߻ħ
ѰЩֻĴ
ʲôΪҽ㱻˻飬лɳˣ룡
Ѱ֣ǰ϶緢йƵģ
ѰƳһۡ
һĿ⣬ŭе϶һ飬׹ߣܵһϢѹȸС
ߵķŭֵͬ飬Ϊʲô͸һȥ
Ѱ˵ţ̧ǰ
϶ʶ˱ܿѰӰŶѹԼˣ
ǡ
ڣӰ谵ѰϣﲢûпҲûκα˷ŭ֮ɫ
ڴǰɫľȻնûꡣ
ѰŹϣǰҿ԰㡣
һ仰һֱĵĺ
նһ˿֮ɫǰѰ죬סϢʹ
̵ˮѰʪ
Ѱһ̾һŮˣΪߵͣܵ㿰ܴĴҲעˡ
ãֹסˮɿ˫֣˺С磬㿴Цˡ
ѰԴɲЦ˵ˣҿ԰㣬ֳ裬Ͳеġ
Ȼ̧ͷѰԶ
Զ
֣һĴڣнΪ֧ţ˭ܺԣ
Ѱ̲סЦˣ
ĳУƨ



1775 紬ʹ
ΪЦѰһۣĻ˰οԼЦ
ѰҲЦˣЦͺðˡ
ɷ˵߳⡣
Ҫʲô
ЩԻ
ȥƨԶ
Ѱڵ

ס顢·ʧļһôЦˣ
ʲô
һֱʯ϶һĴ㵣㲻Լ䣬С˵ʲôҪȥԶ
վס
Ҫȥ
ɶҪû룬°𣿡
Ѱﳯɽȥľɣǿ߶ѶΧ¡
ÿ˵ɫԺܲÿ
գнںԶίƻ壬ǰ˻飬ľɣܴ裬ܴ
գͻľɣΪЦ
ʱѰһ˾Ҫ뿪Ϊﱻ˻飬Լлɳˣ
С磬ſҡ
ｹˡ
Ѱ㣬ûˣĿ⿴ãԼ߿ˣԺ磬жٱϣ
һݱò
нһţԶнڵһˣ
ʮľɣУ
㾹ڮľɣ塣
ľɣǿ߽ŭ
ѰûᣬֻǿһΣ
𣿡
ѰЦˣкβɣ
㡭ֱ
ľɣǿѰ಻סˣҪѰ£
䣡
𣬵ϯƺƴ
Ѱûᣬתȥ
ƮҷͷҲأûע⵽ǵضĸֹ
޷Ķʧɫ
һ̣ʹס
Ĺͱ⣬ŵ̻㣬δĭ
⡭
ȻŤͷѰһʶԼû˽Сʲôˡ
ԶһľɣǿҲɵۣŰߣнԶѰˣ
˭
ֱѰӰʧ˲̲סʳ
ֻ֪ʱģˣһ֪
죬ȥ߾壡
˴С
ܵĴ̫󣬴˿ڷڷɫȻǷϡ
ˡһжˡ
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壬İ˴
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ɵ˽ľ䵱֪һ˳֣޷˵Ѱһ˿ëʱȻһĨ
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ӻһز¶ĸ֣
üͷ¶֮ɫˣԶнڵһˣȴҪȥȻսǿʲôȥнڶԿ
һʧܣнڹľɣҲᱻǣУ
ľɣ塭Ļܳסнڵŭ𣿡
뵽⣬Ҳס죬֣ȥһнڣΣҲҪֹС£


շѰݺۣɶƺ֮ϣٶ䲻ŲƣȴҲ޼
һ·ϣɫ㱣ĺ
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ǰ붼롣
ǿİ޵еװ
Ѱ֪뿪·
Ҫߣ
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С磬㾿̲סоЩ͸ǰˡ
Ѱ룬һǿչŵңԶĵط
ȻЦˣܹôңԶĵط϶һ˲
Ѱ뿪ֻһ;Ǿǳ紬
紬״ϣǿպѭŹ̶ɿĺߣɰȫִǿչŵط
紬ֵޱȰֻǿչŵϵӴ죬ֻǿչŵϵһƫԶС磬û紬͡
˵ڡսʱһҽ紬ִ硣
ʱ紬һЩѡһЩڡսбǿߣһ뿪硣
Ѱ⣬ʵ˵Щ
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磡
һǿչŵϵĴ磬ǿУҲԹһС
֮£ƿʮС磬֮һ
磬ǿյĵϣд¹ϵĵͳ֮ɽأ֮ķ
磬ִǿߣ޲ǰУ˴ΡսǰʮǿߣᱻԴһЩѡУС
дƲס
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ѰʶԼ˽ǿչŵϵϢǵȵִС
ˣ޷ȷĻʱϸ򡢰³ȥ
Ȼ̾˿ǲμӲˡսˡ
ģ϶Եġ
Ѱƽоϡ

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һ֮أнڱڴˣ޵еʥء
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Ҳ֪˴ļ˶ܱˡ
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˵Щǿ˵нڵһ洫Զ˵˺ľɣһŮӵĻԼ
ļٵģ
ģճʱƻͷųϢ˵Զƻ峤֮Ů޽Լ
ľɣҲ̫ùˣֹ˥΢ֶԶǿԮԺ󡭡ֻǽʮгˡ
ǺǣһŮӣʲôʸԶ
Զ˻飬ҲڳдһȻ󲨣Ȼϡ
Զ
ҫ۵һǣϵ˻飬벻Ŀѡ
˻ΪеЦ
ף˭ıôĵӣ֪ѩɽ֮£ǳ֮ϣǽֹݿշеģ
͵أע⵽һұ˳ǳϿգԶѩɽۣ֮ǧɾ롣
ⲻ𣿡
ܿ죬޵ҲһĻе⡣
ɵֱнƣ


1776 һѹ
ƺڣں֮ϣԶԶرɿѩɽԼɽ۴αȵĹϽ
н֮أ޵ֻĵط
㱣ѡ
ִŸܵһ˵Ľźѹ
нڣ
ԴС糤ԣһʥ֮أ߲ʣ¡
ɽ죬ѰˣҾسڸ߿֮ϣ
𣿡
Ѱʡ
˵ͷҡҡͷԵúܾᡣ
Ѱ̾ɵѾͷн˺ٻԼʱ˼ĸܣԶԥд˻ʱֺǹĸܣ
ۿʱˣѹõķŭɽХӿһҿɴûϲֻΪҪַʽң̤ҵԺĻ̧ͷ
ѰڣͶˣˣ͸óĴۡ
˴󵨣Զݿգ
һȴԶѩɽ쳹
¡
ƺ飬һ˺ѳգХһ䲩ӡ
̤ɽ䷭ɣƮ裬һˡ
ɽ³ǳУʱһȲ쳹
Ƕľнڵ洫֮һӰ쵱һλڣ
нڴ˵ķɣ˲ã
ǼһҪùˣҡڵؼԦݿշУ𣿡
УľĿ⿴Ѱͱ˵
˭ѴнأһĻᣬ
ᡣ
磬нھףϵִţߣöľҲԵޱǿƣʮ㡣

ѰЦˣһƫһŴ˶ѣԵʵЩ⡣
ǴִԲˣ
ľɫһವһ·ɽӳƿճ磬նԶĺۡ
Ѱָһ
飡
ɽ顣
ľ͵ؿȳһѪʧɫʶԣתӡ
Ѿˡ
ѰָһץľСƵı߬ס۵һը
Ѫ׷ɡ
ɴ۾ͷǿ
·ǳУһƬţԭſ̬޵ߣ˿һɫ̣Ŀࡣ
һƣ˶ľ
֪н洫֮һ
һ߲ư˲ڡ
˭Ϊǰûмˣ
죬ը궯ͻȻˣÿѰĿⶼһĨɡ
ʱѰۣз
Զڣ
һ仰ʮƲ飬¡¡ɢض
޵ֻԴ죬ѹòѪ
ԶԶģҲ˾С
ǳˣսͽѩɽ˲֪޵ߡ
˭Ҳû벻ʱ򣬾̤նнɽǰƣ
̫ˣнڿһڴ֮ǰɸûзȾ׵顣
˼ˣϷû˵ơ
һĻ
ѩɽϣһգŲƶٿȻһĸߴ۵Ӱɢơ
׿ϣ
޵ϳнһλϣšϼʥ鱩ɱ㡣
׿󣬻һŮԽ̤ɽһ
ԶԶһǡƺϳһȺɣˡ
ݣó޵߽һľ֪Ѱղŵһ仰нŭ
ɳϣѰ޶ãɫ䲻һ˿仯Ȼɡ
ֻʣ˭Զ
ʲôʦǺε˭ܼģ
һŮӺȳ⡣
ѰȥһâһԽĽٿȻӳ
ۣ
ŮӱնɱѪɽܸߡ
͵һš
УѹϢա
Ѱ̫ǿˣһԲϾɱˣ˼ʲôнڣǰԵֶΣ񶼱塣
ﶼǣԴҲû뵽ԼߵġС硱˿ɲһƵġ
жǿ
Զ̹
ѰȻ䣬ڱϢޣƽ˲۵ĵز
Ƭǿռ尾꣬ĥļɣʱ˷κһ˿
һ֣֮
㡭ôĵӣ
׿ɫ࣬ƤɱˣûüӦ߳ŭ
䣡
ԥˣһİ罣ͷųޱߵɱ
ʥһŭѪƯ֡
λġϼʥһλ۴ʥǲ
˲˶һΪֿɶ
һ̣˶ֵһĻˡ
ͼѰһָһնɱİ콣ͱνա
һըѤõ̻ţһĵӾ
⡭
˶ʧ
֪
Ѱһӣһһӡ۶ɱ£գʢ
׿ʧɫʶʲôã㡭ǡ
䣡
һ̣˾ͱӡѹҳһ࣬ѪȻзɽ
һĽʥˣ
ͫţ㲻Լ۾Ǿʥ˰Ҳסһ
̫˼飡
Щ׷׿ֵŮ˿̶ɫɷף亹͸ѰĿ⣬ħ
ֱ˿̣ǲʶǰĶǺεȿֲһλڣԶԶܹԿ
ȥԶг
ѰƳЩŮһۣ䵭縩һȺصϡ
½ֻȫʢʱڵɣҲĸʥƵġ
أһ
λѣϷнеĵط֮
ţһλɷǣӰƾճ֣һͫŷâ
ǳУ޵ߵ

нƽ̣һλ۴ʥڣ
ͬʱҲΪ޿ĵһˣ磬װĴڣλߣＸܹ֡
ֻӶˣ֮ǰһĻĻ붼ġ
ڣȫƤ·ˣ
Ѱ̧ۣ⹫һۣü˵ˣԶ
ԴǺ
Щ޵߶ǿǹ˭˵
ϵǣδŭ룬̾˿Ҳá
˵ţԸȥ
ûãԶƺУһӲӵĽâҫۣһӰ㽣â֮ϣƿն
񣬴ݰףһϮ£ǱΪڣһ֪ǳ֮
ƽ̡
Ӹһִ㹪
ɣԶ
ѰĿ⿴ȥޱ飬ȴЩΪȻ
ΪޣԶ֮׿ɲԶˡ
Ҳ̧ȥ⻹һμԶ


1777 踺ع
ƺһƬž
ﶢԶɫ𲻶ˣ˻ķʽޱȵĴͳ衣
벻ףԷΪҪ˾²Ը⣬ΪҪ˺Լ
Ϊнڵһˣ
ԽԽŭ嶼ҪƲסԼ
ԶԶ˽һЩ飬Ҳע⵽ǷŭޱȵĿ⡣
ûᡣ
ֻǿѰɫһĨţ޷һˣǰнơ
ѣԶˡڡ
ͬʱԶһסĵɻ󣬹ֵԶǰ֪еǰĵط֮
¡
Ѱڵ
֣ȫԴ㵣ҲһҪ̤Զ
ԶɫһͣӢǺ죬ǰɱ˲ͷأԶվΪ
Դϣ쳹
в޵߽ľȣһһ޵ķɣ
ͬʱǶѰų⣬ǿΪͱˣ
ѰûЩվ̫ˣ㻹ǹűȽϺá
һһɿֲǶȥ
ѣлú˵
ԥˣһƬɫϼӿ֣糱Ľֵһ
¡
ɫֽɢ
ͫȻһкȻÿֲӾ˭Ϊǿ
飡
ԶգͲѰ⣬һܽҡ

ԶǺ죬˻Уеޱȵĳͷŭȵ¹ζɸû
Ϊ֮ӰҲû뵽磬нڴǰԼܴܵ衣
нڴ˽ɫ䣬
ɫòҲޱȣճһ̾Ʊǿɲͷ
·ǳУ˶סԶ¹ˡ
һЩԶĽޱȵŮֻĶҪˡ
û뵽Ѱ˰нƽ̵棬һѹԶ
ζܲܰɡ
Ѱˣ䣬п϶ҲܷŭΪҪ㡣

Զҧɫޱȡ
Ѱָߵãڣˣ
ʲô
жʱȻ˶¶֮ɫ
һڳʱԶ»ԼŮӣ¾û˼ˣ˭֪֣ܲ
ɫҲһ䣬оʶˣһʱֻǰЩڡ
ճʱнڲŴԶίƻǰľɣ˻顣
ڣӦˣ
ǳУ޵Ҳɵۣ֮ǰǻڽֵһ˻粨ΪһЦԴǼ価ͳ
ʱһλ˻Цȴڸ߿֮ϣվ˹յԶǰ
ܣʲôʱһλֳԶ׻㣬ʧУľʧˡ
ȴǣŹ򵹵ơ
Ѱһ˻ͻһûΪϸ߸ϣΪΪнɽĿһľɣŮˣ
ƽѹֵ쳹ɫȻ
ѰأҲûǷһҲΪҲ㳢һֱ衢̤ζ
֮һڣˣ
£ѻȸ
ۿͨ죬ӿ˵ĸж
ŹǰԶʱûдñĿУֻ
ҡҡ
Զɫã۵һѪǼŭģû˹ȥ
󾪣ٹ˲æ֣Զ¡
ѣһһˣ
һʵ
ҲĿ⿴Ѱ
н洫֮һľˣ׿ˣԶҲ¹衣
ֱѾѪȺͳء
ѰȴҡҡͷнڳԶϲ˹飬нڣҲΪ˸ۡ
һ仰嶼һŭɶһнڵʲôˣ
˵ؾһʱ䣬͵нڵĲѾΣ
ѰָԶѩɽ
ޣ
һɫͲ٣ǿЦѴݹ٣нԣ֮
Ѱ˹һۣ̬Ȼյнڣʧֻ󡣡
пɬʲô̬ȲԼ踺أ

ѩɽ
Ѱʶɢ˲ҵһ۵Ķ츣أѣ˭˶
ԱߵĹæУ
ѰЦˣұ㲻ˡ
˵ţӰһС
ĿӰʧǶ츣Уɫãճ̾һɫ価
Լнڣһʲô˰
ѣһҪͷأѰԶԶ
һѵ޷
ѰҪս£ܰһ¡
һСһ׮Ѿܷıǡ
ѰԸתҴҶȥ
շ飬нڵԣνһޱȵĴ
ѰƵĿֲнڣùҲе֣֪뾡ţʱٳκη粨ˡ
Ŵʱнڵһڸ߲ѻǣ
ֶβ̣ԵѪǾͷ
ؿڣһŭѵŵֱˡ
ɫһȵ죡
Ҳһ
ԸȥԽ˭Բÿɽأ⾪ŵλֵѵľޡ
һ´⣬սĻڼ䣬ľɣǿͷȹԴκε֪˭˽ȥľɣ鷳Ҳ
쳹
һнڵĸ߲ɵˣû뵽ȱʱƽȴİš
ɹýͣаսĻʱԴ絤ڵһڴִʱнչʱ򰡡
뵽⣬ƽ٣ĬĬ㣬øĴۣЩڴİ
ÿһսĻͻж׿ǿ߱ѡУС
ЩнҲӵͨս뵤УнҲ治١
񣬹оġͽ˴˷͵ڵõˡڡһӻ
Ҳֱֻһ壬Ըһ˻УԸѰĿֲøĴۣܵõڴİ
͵սˡһҧܴ裬Уɿܲޣ


1778 ʵָ
ѩɽ£ǳǰ
ĺɫʱһɣľǿ߳
üͷҲֵ֪ԨûС
뿪ɣľǷ̣ȫٳѩɽΪľֹѰȥԶ
һ·ϣδѰӰ
лûʧĲ̤ʵΨѰһЩð֮£нڡ
ˣػɣľҲǣ
ֻϣСӲɳȴ¡
ɣľǿҲǳ̾
ߣȽǴ̽Ϣ
һȳȥ
쿴ɣľˡ
Ϊ׵ľ˵ԶĻһִٳɡ
һУ˾оЩԾ
·޵ߣһɫŹ֣ǵĿź棬ҲĪɫ
˻ڣЩأѵԸվǷˣ
ϵܣ
أһߴߴЦ겻һԽԽˡ
һϳԷˮһλϣˮ򶫡
ϸɲҪЦˣŶ˵Ѿͷ˻˰ɣ
Цˮ򶫹ϵ
ˮһ꣺˵ˣմ¿ֵ÷з벻֪ѣҵû뵽Ѿͷ˲á
һõϸ磬ڿЦ
ˮ򶫴㵣ʲôЦѵ֪Ѿͷнˣ
ʲô
һ˴ʧɫ׻¾ķˣ
أ̲סʡ
ˮ򶫵˵нڰˡи󡯡
죬ȥи󣡡
ʱˣ˲һ˻𼱻ǵ뿪
ˣ
飬ѾͷǱнץˣ¸βȣ
и
һеִʱɫѺڣаɸߵĸ¥ŵƽʣīҹɫԣѤûԻ͡
¥ǰһнڴˡ
нڵ̣ǲԽġ
ɴʱѹ˲Щɣľ
˵꣬һнڴ˻Ȼתɣľǿߣ
æǡ
Ϊʥˣȴһ㶼ӣнڵǿɱ˭
ɣľǿҲ㷡
λ룬ҵѽӵƽ̿ͣڴ˹λѴݡ
ȴнڴ¶һЦݣޱȵ飬ǫط롣
Դ˵һѾͷʲôǵнƽ´ͣ
Ҳɫ䣬ľ
һɬʵλѣǲʲôǵùƽ̶ˣ
нڴɫ΢ЩڣЦλǸɣںõĺܡ
ӭλݹ٣
нڴڴ˿빪
һͻȻƺЩԾôнڱòˣ
λ
нڴЦſʼ·
Ժ˶һۣӲͷƤǻɻȥ
ֱи󣬾ͼ룬ڰǰ߹˳ŮٲȻһ˵ļơ
һʲô
壡
ϲôˣ
ûǵѾͷֻǣ㡭ôһԻ
λģҵиһ
·нڴЦſڣһŮҴҶȥټĵľɣһˡ
ô˻ᣬշнǰһһ֪
գһ˽ǣһɫޱȣзþ޷ƽ
Ǹ￸زˣһѹȵнڵͷ
˭ţ
룬Ƕţ˶Σǿʵ
ֲˮ۸ڶ϶ջҺѣֲЩнڴˣܵضԴǣֲð
ãŷп
Ҳ޲ܡ
һεøõһλԺ磬˭Сľɣ壿
Щʵǲ֮ǰЩλֹӣ᲻˶պǣ
İɣǵУЩС£̲סЦ
εϵһˣھ񷸴ĺƵģǰɲ
ǾͺãǾͺð
ظЩڣ֪˲ã͵¡صڶԴ
ȥύѾˡ

ѩɽ
츣ڣѰĴһڴԨȫû˷ӿĹ
¡¡
Լ
ѩɽصԼؼ۵ľҲܵǣӿѰڵĶ츣ء
һʱ䣬ɫ䣬ʮ֮أ¡¡ĵ
нڶһ߲󾪣Ϊʲôʡ
ֱжϳΪѰʱĶʱһǣĿࡣ
кεȿֲΪܰ쵽һ
磬ʲôʱ򾹳һλͬΪ۴ʥǰΪȴС֮С
ɫ㱣κˡ
һУѰȻ
Уѩɽһ֮̾أŨ֮

Ѱָ롣

Ѱָ˳ɡ
ʱƣѰһ޵׶̰ⷽİ
нһ޵߽Կ಻ԣΪʱ޷ȡȫѰһ˸ռˣ
ʮ
ѰŽȥѳ׻ָ۷״̬ӿĪĴϢǣɢһǬ֮ơ
һΪʥ׼ʥ֮Բ֮;ֻҪ׽һ˳ƶϡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣¿ʼ
ǿļ尾ĥУĵвϸ΢ı仯
ָ۷ԲزѰлȥЩ仯Լĺô
Ҳ죬Ŀġսѩɽǰһ޴䳡Ļ
ĴšʮһԲУһһʷ׳ʵĶԾ
ӰʱһԾΪȫ޵߹עĽ㣡
˭ľɣŮӣѲǸ˻ЦһнڶòϹϾԴҫ۽ɫ
ϵǣܹ¹֮Զûһ뵽սУұֵüɫ
ֻǣÿĿⶼѴһЩӣҲֻһ㡣
ս죬սʮλΪ۵ǿߣԶǵ֮ĵһ
ҲȻʮ֮С
ôû
սĻʱнƽ̹һֱЩĽȴš
쿴ǽ紬ڵĴˣ
أ˼г



1779 ڵĴ
紬һƯ½أǧĶΧϽ̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽˮĿ
ӼԶ߷ʱףתڴͶһƬӰ
ѩɽ޵ߺһϣóȣɫ¶
紬Դһ֮ϣǿպִ棬ǹϴͳ޷ӵУ
ӵн紬ҲǺһϵͳһ־
ˣ
ǿ԰мӰڿնӭȥ
󣬽紬콵䣬һԵͥĴӭţǰнڴ

˴ǰĵڴһλˣΪ׵ǵڳ̩һʵʥڡ
Уλִ£Ǿ۴ʥڡ
һǵ洫ƺӣһλϵĺᣬ츳ڣǿᣬ˴̩һʶġ
˵սۣԺɨ磡⣬ֻǵıɽһǡ
Ǵ˴ѡγʮˣ
У̩𿪿ڣ뷢īһŵɫۣϣһһоơ
ԶȴսӱʮˣԹڴС
ǰǴʮˡ
ɫ˳Ϊнƽ̣̩ȴǰΪݽԲһء

̩ЦͷȻʵ˭Զ
Զһ𣬵վԶǰ
̩зһĨâϸԶƬ̣¶һЦݣϷǰʱ˵㣬زϷʧһȻһ˲ţһѵһĺӡ
Զɫܣȴǫǰޣҵ
һ궯¶֮ɫ֪ԶһλڵУ
Һ㽻Ī棬ǰڣʲô鷳ҡ
أ̩·ƺڡ
ݿʣͷӿؼ䣬ӿƺڣ󣬼ˡ
лʦЯ
Զüҷϲɫ
ڳ˶ۣûǰأԶ·˸̺ˣ
ǱɣҵȻڴϢգպ󣬱Ŵʮһ뿪ش硣
ûã̩
°ɡ
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к£
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ͨ
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нڿһɣλȻλƽ̣һˣȨ졣
ڣغȣ
һ˲̩ожϳ϶˼ޱȵ鷳򣬺ֱ¹
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һıͷߺޣҧгݵؽѰ֣аԵȺнڵһһ˵
ž
꣬ƺһǰ빣ŭһĿͽұʦõĵܵ¹򣬼ֱ
̩ڵĴﶼЦǿɶƺ룬ڽ׷
ǰ磬ƺ֮ҪǰҲΪ˼һԶҪô˻ֱ֣ˢһĺøС
ƺӽĿ⿴̩𣬵ϣ¼Ȼ֪ˣͲܲأ
̩һ̾ԭ飬ĴۣǸġ
нѣǵڿûʲôϵ
ƺһ仰ȴ̩βҲˣɾӦȴЩ⡣
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ڴʱڵصĹǰнԸһǧŵʮҩζĵرϣֻǰ֣ܳнˮ֮У
̩һţһһȻˣƺ˵Ĳ¼ȱҵԲԹۣ
ԴϣһȻļơ
ڴˣҲЦͷ
һ۴ʥѣǶԣ̸ʲô¡
οʶȤһʱܾ꣬С
²˳٣·ȥǿͽˣҵҪǺηʥţ
ƺһĲм
ȷЩˣɱ˲˵ռ˼ҶУȱоֱ˷ָ
̩ҲվƺӼ𣬵ȲȥˣǱжɣⲣùİ
лǰ
¶м֮ɫʡ
ʵжѪһʱ꣬ĵнڴĻ˭ۣܲ
ˣԶҪۿţͼ̤ϵĿͽģ
ƺһԸ
̩˶ݸʱƺҲԶеʾá
Ȼû

ɽ츣ǰ
ǰʱǳ־ļ˷ܡڴɫ䣬أԺƽ
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£
ܿ죬ѰӰӶ߳ƽúһ˿Ϣ
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Ц˽紬û
ڴʱѰȻǰĹɫº͵Щ죬ѿ϶úܲζѿǧʲôɵ£˺˵ֻнҲܵǣ
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һ뵽̩ˣоƽ٣ǿЦ˵Цˡ
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ָָԶ񷣺һڵڵĸˣƶƽ̸Ʒƺ֮
ѰĿ⿴ȥпõطǷսҲѩɽ˲нڵһһݡ
ЦݷоɲѵС
ৣ
ڴʱѰڱӰƮȻ𣬷ҡնϡ
ˣҹ̫ݣ̫
ĿѰȥ˸ûе飬ҲȥҪۿѰαģ

Զƶˣƺ̩һ̤ϣƮƮһȺƵģޱȡ
ԶҲУɫܣ޷ĵļ
֮ǰ˵̩ȵڸҪ֣ɱѰʱ˵ò
Լܴܵ裬ܸϴһˣǸ˺Ľɣ壬ҲӲˣ
Զҧ
ЩʳѰһ뵽¹һĻĻĶ񵶽ʰʹࡣ
ӽԺһжɢ
ˡ
̩Ŀ磬Զ
ͬʱƺӵȵǿߣҲ뿴˹ȥ
ͼԶһӰ̤ƺƮҷڷѰ



1780 ̫
ǸͽôҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ƺ¶֮ɫ
ƺӣɴ⣬ϴӲȱһЩϢĺˣ˿͸ǳԴﵽ䲻Ŀġ
̩Ȼڡ
ƺ͵Цд̡ǵģ֮ƣڣ̫α
˵ţָԶѰԶ¹򣿺ôĹ
ԴǺѵӡ
Ѱǧ㣬ûƺӵƣĿһɨڳˣտ̩𣬵ȻμҪܲˡ
ˣûӵĻ𣿡
ƺɫһ
Ƕ⣬ˡ
ѰƳһۣС
㡭
ƺŭҪ˵ʲôͱ̩ס
ˣѲ³ǵȺڴ˵⣬ԵڵĴ˰ɣ
̩̬ϣͨɢʥϢҵҲǲֺ֮˵׼ԸһĻᡣ
ЩԲ͸ѰĵϸԷ̫򶨺ƽˣȻôˣһ㶼塣
ֻ֤ԷҪô޿֣ҪôǴ

Ѱظһ飬ʱЦˣ鷳޷Ƕֱ֣ӵǡ

ƺӺܲˬһ֪ðļһǾһβ̸Ц̬ܿߡ
ԱߵԶҲܲЩɶǵڵĸˣһﶼ֪ʲôоη
Ǻǡ
ѰЦ
棬ɱ˲֪ͥʮսľിѩ١ȵȣ
֮Աȣǰһѷɫ̫ˡ
㡭ҳЦң
ƺһţоܻһ治֪ôд
Ҳ̫û˰ɣ
ˣ縲ǵСڣ˭ҶԼ㲻
Ѱ㲻óڳЦ㣬ѵá
ƺˡ
̩˿ҲüˣǶ֣ǾͽвףᣬȴϧĪǡΪܺ˵
ѰȥɫЦݣ䵭ϼһϻ̫ˡ
һ仰ڳһڴŭ
䣡
̩ϣӿֲÿһ缡ſɲĹϼҫʮأؽԾ
ԶѩɽɫܣૣҪˣӽձؽһ
һнڴ˶ѻۣԶԶһĻʱҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ײаԵļһҪˣ
ѩɽ֮£ǳУ޵һҲȫ˼Զƶˡ
죡ڵЩҪɱ𣿡
Ҿ֪нʲڶ˵ıӦˡ
׿Ĵۣн˭Եģ
Ȼ纣ХƵ
ã
ľɣǿҲע⵽һĻԴʧɫð
֮ǰǻΪѰɽľɣҲմ⡣
ڡ
ڵĸ˾ˣ
ڰǿڴжȻĹϵͳ֮ԱȣľɣֱϣͲ
Ѱˣܹʹѹнڣɿܻĵľɣ壿
ԶĿܻŹ
뵽⣬ǵĶȵףɫֽű䡣
޳
첻ԶһڵУζԸѰжܺʹйء
ૣ֮ǰ˭뵽һ˾ѹнڣأƵһĻ

ϢŭԸһ˶ѣͼɡ
ƺϣһЦվ
ڲ̬أǵһִ£ͬʱҲһλǧ֮õľ۴ʥڡ
Ī˵ȿͽɱ֮ףɾɱˣ϶ޣҽ£ƺӴãڶҲá
һĸվЦȻ
鷳ֱӽɱˣ
ƺɫ
ƺʲôݣС£
Ц
ǽ̸䣬ٲȻѰΪƾ׸Ҫֽɱ
̬ԶĳѪţĸ˷緶
ҲڴʱǧѰȻЦˣģûģһϣ
ȫʱһš
ֵĵڴǣһ߳ŭ仰̼ˡ

̬ڲغԥˡ
䣡
ӰŴŵĻɽƾŲƣһ̾ͳѰǰ
һȭѰͷ­
ǿɲȭһö貵ĴƵģӿŵľǴĿķ
ʥһзɽ֮
ͼƺ˲ݣȫһȭ㡣
Զˣòϣڵľ۴ʥǱѰԲѲ硣
Ѱ䣬һ̽ƻȴ˼֮ǰ߬סɱȭͷ
ûײϢأһȭ񣬱ץסƾκҲ޷һ
һĻȫһ
ɫ䣬һȭŲƵǵϣһѹơ
һ޷ˣ
̫ˡ
Ѱָ̾
䣡
һȻĪĿֲݿ㣬صȭͷ۰򡢳ȫ֫ٺ

ؾִУһȭͷ۰塭һڽڱܼȼƵģըѪɽ
ն𵴺ɺѪɫȾ
ȫš
һһλԵڵľ۴ʥϰ㣬ɱ
ǰԵѪȵһĻ̩˶ɫ䣬𵴣š
ѩɽϣɫĿ̣ͷƤ飬ǿǾ۴ʥǴײˣɾˣ
ɽ³ǳУҲһƬţ޵Ŀࡣ
һ
ѰĿ⿴Զ̩ˣĳһȰûһϡ
ȻƮؼ䣬ȴ˸˵Ѱ
˶һۣԺԥһˡ
صʶ˴˴ζֵĿ¡
ಣ
Уӳһز÷ɽӨӨ磬â䣬һλʥޡ
ˡ
ͬʱһɫսìһѪɫ䵶һƵĳҲ֮һɱ
ͼ֮ϱͷųĿֲϢƬضѡ
λԵڵĴһˣÿһԺޱȫ
ֻһС磬սǿĹҲֻһλǿ۴ʥĴڣȾ׵ս
ǵȿֲޱߵ龰һ𺳵ʧء
ѰҲˡ
ৣ
ӰٿȻʧԭء
һ̶̣ޱȵײӨӨز÷ɽѰһȭҷɣһѡ
ѪȻܣѰӰͻأسǰӰģұ̽һָ


1781 ֮
޳ʳָӨ͸ɾһ˿̻Ϣ
ɾһָУȴգ˷Ա޿ɱ֮С
ˡ
иðͷ
ۣ
üģһǳǳָӡѳһѪ
벻ף˾һֲɫΪ졭
һʬӿ׹䡣
ڶ
ʱѰӰʧɱˡ
䣡
һɫսìɱշ籩ìֱָѰʺ
Ѱһ̽߬סսìһ˦սìĴﱻֱɳȥߵķݡ
ಣ
Ѱսì
һھĿע£ǱɵĴ壬ֱӱԼսì
ѪŽ˵ͷŲԼսìһľֺȻ
⻹

ѰӰ˸һɱ
ٶ̫ˣҲڿɲȫѹֱ̬ʱŶ̶̼ѣѻ֡
ǵ޵аԵķɣͬţ˶壬״ǡ
֮ǰһڴʱ˶ΪѰɡ
Ͼκ޵Уһ߸ϵţܡ
ɵսݣ˲źȻ֣ѰǰǱ°ĵڴȴ߹㱻ɱ
ǵȾ׵ѪȾ󣬼ֱ߸֪
䣡
߿УѰֳѪɫ䵶Ĵȭ磬޿ƥ֮ơ
ס֣
Զ̩𱩺ȣɫޱȡ
̶̼䣬䣬ȳҲţһ˿㱡
˿ʱ̩ѳ޷
飡
ֻϧѰţݵȭڷƣ򵥵һȭȴɱǬɽӵǡ
˲䣬Ѫɫ䵶飬Ȼը
䵶ݣȭһڴСѪ
ĸ
ѰȻͨɾ˳ȾɴʱУȴ޵֮ħ
ܡܰ
ѩɽϣʧǡ
һнǿ߽Դǡ
ƺŴͣͫţ嶼򾪼¶
ߵԶǲŵɫɷף촽£겻塣
һѣļھ۴ʥ֮Ѫɱ
ǳУ޵ԴһƬհףþ޷عʲôǲ֪
ɴʱУǸϵѰ
ϣ
̩𳹵ŭˣ̽һ֣һա
ˣ
޾ɢ
˲䣬Ƭ۳һƬȼ۽磬ɢذĿֲϢ
֮
̤ʥԿΪµ֮Ϊ֮
֮򸲸֮أʥװߴڣ
ʥı־ҲǱơ
£̩ʩչģ괸ĵ֮򡪡
ս
ڴ򣬻ֲ֮磬УƤҷ𣬶˵ǿޱȡ
죡
Ǵ˵еĵ֮
ʥֶΣ治˼顭
̾𺳡Ȼ
̩һ֣̾ͳΪȫĿĽ㣬ʥķɣۡ
ûκ⣬Ѱݵ֮
ȴҪԶĿǰƿأȻĻע᲻һ
֮ѰĵһʥڣҲǵһ֮Ĵѹ
ܺ棬ȷ̲źεС
ʶû
ƾ׿Ҳϲǳ϶֣
ƺӴЦĵŭͺһɨգйЦţ
ԶѩɽϵĹҲظڳɹˡ
ղѰչֳѪֶΣʵŻǣڣԷݵ֮עһ
䣡
ڣ޾ʢķϻϯĻϢŰ
ǡս̩ĵ֮
УѰֻһָоأ类жһкӦ޷֪Ϣ
Ϥĸо
ѰУǿռǿе£ǰЩ˵ơ
类޷Ӧط
ˣչֳĵ̺ΪϲѰѱڣ㸺翹ȥ𣿡
У̩Ӱ֣ΰͨ޾꣬еϢŰֲ

ѰЦϼһ㾡ȫ֣ĳҪνҺΡ
ߣ
̩ߡ
淨͵س𣬻սսսìϵ¡˷¡¡ϯȥ
貵Ļ桢Ϣ֯һ𣬲ʥ
ΪڴУ̩Ψһףִ
¡
Ѱͨ巢⣬ԼдԨ䡢ڰǿȻſĺڶ
ͬʱ̤ǰȭɱ
ɲĺײ쳹淨ĵǹꪣȴڴ˿̱Ѱɢ
ɽƾɱοɲ޷Ѱ
̩ͫһЦͽͶڱڣϢ޾ʱ
䣡
δ£ⷽķһ䣬ΪһʢĻӡŰ񱩵ķϢ¡¡ѹȶ£˲ﻯҽһգ
Ѱ¶һĨɫЩӡ
һëϺٿȻӳ޾̫Ϊһɷɽεض
һ춯صĺ쳹գһӡɢ
㿴Ҳˡ
ѰĿ⿴Զ̩ЦҲ²ⲻʥУδ̤Ͼ۵;ƿصҲ̸϶⣬򣬶ϲ˲ˡ
һϯ̩

ȣȫ߶
һʱ䣬׳ʣɱĹӿ֣һ֮ҪɱѰһˡ
ǵ˵ǿֲޱߡ
Ѱûд⣬Ҳû¶κβǱļһ߶Կһ߸Ӧŵ֮ϸ΢仯Եúܴݡ
̩ŭԼ۾
۴ʥȻ֧ţɴʱҲؽˣǱĨɢ
ʼգѰݾȴƽأ磬
СӾðģ˵һСС磬ڴУƺҲһĽɫ
̩ԽսԽľˣɫò
һ۴ʥȴĵ֮ȥ˭ţ
ΣӾ
̩ҧɱӿ
ʱѡͽ⣬ȫһѰɱǵλִ£˳ע޷⣡
䣡
ӿ졣
̩ѲһУȫΪһϾǺεɱ
ҲڴʱѰ̾վǲʧ
δ£Ϯе΢΢̧ͷһԨĺĪ⣬³һ֣
ƣ



1782 
ѰӰһչ˲زȭ
һ˲ħӰΰã޵аķɣԶ̩΢һ㱡
䣡
ţⷽȻըһ񱩵Ļ淨Űɢ
⡭
̩¶֮ɫӰһΣ͵ؿȳһѪ

ˣ
Ѱ֮Ƭ渲ǵƶˣǳΪȫעĽ㡣
ֻʱƣȴþûж޵߶Щĸꡣ
ǹĶɣ
ƺҧȡ
֮һм۴ʥֵܵ
ʥԶʥ֮ϣⲱУȷ޻·
ѩɽۣ֮
˽԰Եͷ
޵߶ԣ۴ʥѿһĴڣʥ
ٲȻһ˵
˭Ҳţ˭ܹһʥлˡ
ǳУ޵ϢޱȽš
һľɣǿߣһĶɤۣѰʹȥȴǵģһ޷جΣ
䣡
ڴʱһ춯ص쳹޶սģһǡ
Ŀע£ƶ˸ǵĻ磬ڴ˿ƿһʢɽ㱬ϯʮ
ͬʱһԡеӰҡͨӲӣâɣɢƣǬ¡
ѵȴƺӶûѼ׳գϲдⲣ
һԡԣâɵӰЦһȱ۵Ĵɵӡ
Ʈأȫһš
˶ſһԸǵΰӰȻǱɵѰ
һӣԶһģӲ⡭ôܰ
㡭ôû
ƺӸ׻Դ£ʧС
ɢϼѰӰƮȻƶˣԣ⿴Զ
̩Ӱֻ֣ɫžŭͺȻһŵģ
ˣгը˹
һʥġ֮򡱣ûɱѰ
̫˼
ѩɽֻۣ֮ǰڣؿڱƣпѪĳ嶯ڴõ飬ȴһ̫ˡ
ϼһͷԽѹ
Ѱڣ¡¡쳹ƶ֮ϡ

̩𱩺ȣһӲӵĳǹƿɱ
վʥƿصͷԶʥľ䣿
䣡
ǹӰѹ
Ѱٳɣ̤ǰٿȻʧԭأһ̣һȭһɫǹˡ
ӲѰȭһ˳ǹѹȵɲͷŶ

ɫǹֶɣ̩ⷴɣŵŵеʮɡ
һѹʥ
ǰңɱҲ練ơ
Ѱ˵˾ĪĻ
ǻ롢ľڴˣ׻еĺ塣
ɱһδ̤۵ʥǰѰԣȷѲ¡
οڵѺǰȫͬˣ
ɱ
̩ͷɢ
ΪڴһʥĿ֮£ȴһСѹƣȳζ涼Ҳס
Ѱһư
䣡
ӡɢٰĴһ֣Ƭض糼
̩˶ݺѹӡ֮£ɽѹѪͷҪѡ
飡
屻ѹò³նݱϣƾ˻޼¡
գعѣǿɲһӡ״ľ޴֣̩ˣУͷԡѪ޷վ
̳ȫѻȸޱȡ
һ̣ĿһĻ޵ߣֻԼ·ǰС糾
һʥѰУһأҲ˱һֲִļžΧǡ
ΨѰƶϣɽ䣬ǰΰ޿ƥУ
ΪʲôΪʲôãƺӲŴлָһ˿ʧૡ
ɫɷѿ֮
ѰЦſڣɵӱ£һҪǵĽ紬뿪ɱǣڴ֮ǰ㻹Ǹʵá
̽һ֣սƺӽѹ
ͨ
ͬʱԭվƺԱߵԶһŵûʣ׹䡣
ѾڶλˣһǱѰѹʱŭĶԡ
ѰһûɱԶ£ߵһŵѹ飬ȻҲ;עʹ˰䡣
ѰĿ⿴Զѩɽ
һ˲ͨ巢Ĺͨһڵأģҵ֪ðǰǰ
нһڴҲͨͨһйһأΪ׳ۡ
磬ÿһ߳ȥУǹ°𾴡
ڣҲֻһȺĵĿ棡
ѣĳѹ㣬ȴִԲ򣬺οأ
Ѱ̾Ϣ
пɬ͵ֺ̧ݺݳԼգžž죺ҺͿ޶ۡ
һλִһͳƽ̣ȴ˱ϥԳ⣬ǵһĻѰһ⡣
⣬ӣڶ֪Ϊһ·
ৣ
Ѱ̧֣һָһ𣬺بһն¡
Ŀע£һΪһصѩɽһնΪ
ɽ٣ǽнڵĸٵĴ֮޵ĺ
˭нһȫţûѩɽнעһг
˶ɫȴ˸Ҷԡ

Ըһ뿪˽磿
ѰڣĿ·ǳС
һ仰ľɣһһӳΪȫǽ㣬ȻҲĿĶ
˶Ʋסʡ۵
ѰһˣѹнڣܾԵڵĴ׷ߣһ뿪Ժγɻڴ
ԥˡ
ɵѾͷӦ
ޱȡ
壬ҵ뿪󣬻˶ľɣ岻
ѰʱȻѾͷǵԼ뿪ˣ޹˼ɣľɣ岻
ѰĿ⿴ѣԺУľɣʲô粨𣿡
һ㶣æҡͷǰģҹڣϲῴľɣ۸
Ѱһָһطӿ빫üģһŴķţ޸ȱ⣬Ժ̤ʥҲǲܵ顣
һӿ˵Ŀϲͷǰıǣľɣ¾ҹ£
߽Դ̸˸Ͳнڵƽ̣ѱѰ򡱡
֪ѰİźҲд󶨣޳ɣӦѰһ뿪
Ѱٸɲ١
ԣվֻһС磬ûֵĵطĵ;Ҳעڴˡ
Ըٵ磬Ѱձ˽紬뿪


1783 ǿչŵ֮
һƯ½ذĽ紬ƿն˺ѿƲ㣬֮⡣
ˡ
ϣ޵һĻԷѡ
ֵԨ
صˣǰ㻮Ļ½Ϊ֮
˭עһӡʷǡ
ˡ
һ
֪׷ѰȥľɣˣϢеõһı䡣
Ժľɣ˥£ֻҪڣһжϣ

紬ϣ̨ͤ¥鿣СˮϣһСǳڡ
紬֮أһƺƴġƽ󡱣һתڻ¯ͷųȵ߶紬ƿպС
ڵƽ룬ѻһСɽߵĵЩǸƷ׵˽紬ɶݵ֮Դ
ʱѰվһƽǰһԲ̣ͭϱ׭Ż㣬ӳֳһǿպͼ
һͨ硱ĺͼ
紬ȷһܹӵС
죬ѰջĿ⣬һŵжϡ
һҽ紬ʱģҪ֣ʮ֮࣡
ˣڴ׭ʤĵƽȻĵʦҲҪķһϵʱ䣬һӵ
紬ɹÿһηɶݽҪĵΪ֧ţһҲܲסġ
ֱ֪̺ŨƥǴʥǿеıƷ
ĴָСһŵֵƾˣʮĵܶһһҩ
紬ÿһηɶݣ붼Ҫǧŵ·;ңԶĵĵĿֻˡ
磬ҪĵǧŸƷ׵
ǼԦ紬ķ˴ۣΪСطͽ
Ѱʡ
Աһ꣬з֮ͨǰ磬̩ƺһҴѰ¼һ
Ȼǡ
ͨɫľȻһģǰ֮ǰѾȥŸС磬Ѽ˰ǧƷĽ硯زݽ˿ٽϼ硯زϡ衯ʮԡս硯ز𡯡
һϡҩص֡
˵Щ͵緷ʮٱۣ紬ĵĵ֮ԱȣҲǾţһë
ͨ˵⣬ɫЩӣԭǵִ磬ҪѼһСݡҩɡ
û˵꣬˼ѱ¶š
ѰЦЦô˵ڹƻǵһʴ
ͨæҡͷһڷϡ
Ѱûмƽϣס紬ڵļֵ
ǿչŵϣս紬͵ǿգǰֶΣͨóֶΣӲͬ緷ʣоȡĲƸ
ǿչŵޱȺ嫣С
һ磬ͿʮС磬ӵԴԴϵĲƸһ벻ʢѡ
ѰǿУ޷պֻ۾֮µǿߣû˸ԷɶС
紬ͳ˲ͬ޵ǣǿյһֹߡ
ǽ紬Ҳֻܰչ̶ǿպɶݣƫƺǿʧѡ
ڹ̶ǿպϷɶݣҲָΣգͻȻֵǿ뺽еǿޡ
ԼԺбҪһҽ紬ˡ
Ѱ˼
ûн紬͵ʧȥǿչŵݺ۳ҵһĳ磬뿪
¡
͵أµĽ紬һٿȻǿС
ѰȻ̧ͷͼǳ˸ӲԣޱߵǺתһƬһƬѭ׳
żܿѤõȺХǿе̻˾̾
ǿչŵ
Ѱип

ѣ˽һЩ顣
紬ϣһɫĵУѰϯضĿ⿴Զ̩
λԵڵʥڣ˿ɫ࣬оǿ̹Ǻ⡣
һﲻ
Ѱ΢΢һЦϣұΪ紬϶ȥ
̩һԣ
ѰӲһϲϻˣ̩ǰ
ˣƺӡͨǶһϣȵִ磬а취֪̽飬ڣȷҪ翹ȥ
ƽȴ̩𲻺
ĬƬ̣ռѵ˵ͷ
ҿԸϣǰǣҡ
Ѱ߻λڵһ⣬
ڣ
̩ƳѰһۣ˵򣬺ɴ磬ǿǿչŵĺĵشͥʮսĴ̾С
ǿչŵ
ΨС򡱱ǿչŵϡʢһ޵ʥأبų棬㣬ͻͣ
ɴ磬λ򣬴˽ֱǿյһ硱
֮⣬ԡŴ򡱡ʮ硱Ϊ
磬λھŴ֮һ޿ڣƬеһ
˽ЩѰжһ𺳡
ǿչŵж
ǰֻһģڲǿչŵǺεȺ嫣
֮£ʮС硣
ɴҲֻ޿еһޱǾŴ֮һ
ҲζţԺѰҪǰڣ뿪硢뿪޿򡢶ǿգִ֮󣬲ܽڵĺɴ磡
ԤעһңԶ޷·̡
ڶ⣬һ
Ѱʡ
̩ͫһһǿչŵصĹȺ֮һУ֮̾أ硯ⷽ羿λȴֻмϵͳ
ѰüУ֪硯Ϣ
̩ҡͷ˵磬޿еĴֻ¶֪Ҫ̽Ϣֻǰ򣬺ɴС
Ѱ⣬û뵽һء
һ˼⣬⣬֪Żսˡ
꣬ԾѵĸĸԼһЩֲ飬ǰǿչŵʱѰ˵ڡŻսˡ顣
̩һ㶣ҡͷǿչŵ֮࣬һڴУӲ˵Żսˡ
Ѱ⣬ʵڰչڡزؽ磿
̩һٴҡͷǿչŵϣÿ޵߽֪ڰĴڣɺڰ羿ȴ˵
ѰٴѯһЩ⣬̩ȴ֪ޣ𲻳Ȼ
Ѱʱʶһ磬վǿչŵʢĵĵط
ԼҪ˽ϢҲֻǰ̽Ѱ
򣬺ɴ磬ͥʮս塭ڶֲСԼԺȥһС
Ѱ˼ʱ紬͵һܵһǿҵҡΡ


1784 һ˾
ǿУڽ紬ǰϣ֪ʱһҾ޴ޱȵĺɫһͷĺɫǿվޡ
һ˻š׹Ƿ񡱵ᦣںɫ졣
ѰĽ紬ľҡΣǱҺɫ赲¡
ܴ
ڲݽ紬еķͨɫ䡣
Щǿܣ
е̩ɫҲһ䡣
ǿպ嫣ڣȻڹ̶ϣҲɱᷢԤ˻
ǿܵĴڣø޵ΪɵĴڡ
ǿеĻȳ棬Խӽ紬ƸΪӰȥ٣һǵѪĺݽɫޱȵպͺ
һܣģϳҽ紬ڵڣֻԶԶܿ
ɰ׹Ųһ
ڴֲƬǿУųƵǿһ֮һ
조ˡһаޣӵʥĿֲս
Сʮ޿ܡÿһǶһľ۴ʥ
֧ſɲںʲôɣϣԻᱻϴ١
̩𡢷ͨɫԭ
Ѱһѯʱ¶ɫҵڵĽ紬ѱԼռȴƫƫأһ֧ܣֻ˵̩ʵ̫һЩ
ûе飬𣬷ۿȥ
ܿ죬ѰͫһǾ޴ĺɫϣŨŨѪȣദƻ
˵ʬ壬ɵѪ֮Уÿһʬ壬ü֮ر̴һѪɫ串ſ־֮ɫ·ʱµ顣
Ѱʶεǿһ˲жϳЩʬǰȻһ۴ʥڣ
һߣɢϢھ۴ʥһʥ
û⣬ߵüҲ̴һѪ
죬˺µʮ޿ܾˣ
Ѱֵ̩ʧУɫд𾪡
ǧһ֧ݺǿյţ֪ϴ˶ɵĻɱ㣬պգٹܣƻޱȣ޷ɨ޵ʹΡ
ȫû
˭ɱǣ
ѰĿ⿴һλãһŰ׹ΣϣһӰϣˡ
ѰĿ⿴һ˲׹һת¶һӰ档
ѣ֪ǷҴһ½紬
һӣ·׺ɫǾޱƣһͷںڳһöб壬¶һѾȫáƯݵĿӡ
һԴȻζĵۣ̬֬޳һɶصĴԡ
˭һƯʵӣעƾ֮С
ƫƫأһϮۣŷ˵ĸоܲףһֿϡ
Щܶɱģ
Ѱ˼
ƯЦŵͷ󣺡˵ͽ˵ö֮
̩𡢷ͨͷ𵴡
ǿһʥʮλ۴ʥһƯŮӶԲλɱ
˭
Ժη
Уû˵ĸ޵ϲһϮ׺ŷɫǾޱۣ̫ˡ
Ѱʵô˵ЩϵĲƸҲõˣ
Ư¶Ź֮ɫѣòһɣ
˵ţվͶ֮䣬ȻһȻ׵֮
ѰҿûȤڳԺڣҪ˽紬Ҳԣǧŵ
ǧ
̩ͷͨзΨѰ˵Ǹ͸ǳķӡ
֪һʾ޶ƸֻǴ˽紬ѣԶԶòô౨ꡣ
ϵǣӾʹӦ޳һӣһ׸Ѱ
Ե֣ããǿһԵ֣Ҹǧ
Цڣ˲˽紬ϣ棬޳ɢ㡣
ȷʵ̫ˣһЩζʿǴ߲ɡ
̩𡢷ͨ඼ؾһ£һҲ̫ƯˣϾɫ˶ҪȻʧɫ
ѰЩ⣬ǧԭǴöԷ֪Ѷˣ˭룬Էһ㶼⡣
ѣס
Ӵܡ
㡣
ѰŤͷߣӵɣֱŮ˸Ůˣʺ;ףҲкᡣ
ŶһȴѰһȥЦѣأ
̩𡢷ͨǱֱӣʼնûһۡ
ֵԨ
ѰָԶǺɫܴ㲻ô˴ˣ
оķЦкѡ
һӡ
һɫɽӳλƵĹһնȥ
ϢأǾ޴ޱȵĺɫܴжϿǿպ׹䡣
ಣ
ɫɽٿȻɻأʧ
ѰƳ˾һۣû㻹һλޣǰѽ
¶һĨ˵ЦݣɲǺաҵıɽǿǿ⡣
ѰЩؿһۣõҲòһ䣬ҽ紬ǿģԺƱػ鷳ţȷҪ⣿
̲סЦˣ˼ǿ֮ϸǿ紬ģͲ̹࣬ϵľ͸ˡ
˶٣Ҳߵѣ˳˽Ե֣鷳
Ѱü֪һҪȻˣðһЩ
˵գתȥ
ĿѰӰԶȥ৵һһһͼķɫȣЦȷʵ˼Եš
𣬾أּƯʵˣͳ˽紬ϵһԱ
ϲڴͷžƺһϮɫƮҷ˵ķ
ˣûʲôľٶԵúܰ֡
Ѱ̩𡢷ͨǣԲҺԴ˵Ĵڣܹһ˽𡰹šĽɫעѰˡ
ȵִ󣬵עȥˣʱһΪѰһʵС
죬Ѱҵ̸֮
ͷǰһѰʱн˲٣ҲԡС硱ơ
Ѱ̾Ҳ֪ı䲻ʲôΨһľ뿪ǰΪﰲһȥ
ʱţһ·Ϸƽ˾
Ѱ㣬ٹ죬ɵִ硣
죬̩𡢷ͨƺһҵѰߵΪѱʶΪδѰ㡣
ѣ㾿ҪδǣҲܸøһ׻ɣ
ֱ̩ʳ
Ѱûлش𣬶ǽĿ⿴ƺӣԵϣ
ƺһ
ԴӱѰ£轾ĵϺᣬûŵ棬ˡ
ЩΨѰðɱڵͷޱȼ尾Եúҡ
ϵô
˵ţѰһĸֳһƣϱ׭һ֡
ƺһ¶֮ɫʧ塮桯֮У
ԶͷƵľ˿̶ͷԶԶؿһۣɫζ


1785 زɱ
棡
̩ͷͨһ˲һˡ
һںܾǰ磬޿Ҳһָĵ۾

ǵҫ۵һ۾սڸǧ꣬šۡ˸ǿ֮ϡ
ֻǺܾǰ֮󣬱ѶֱҲ֪䡣
̩𡢷ͨȴû뵽ѰУӵЯһƣ
һʱ䣬ǿѰĿҲˡ
˿̣ƺӸǼʧƵĽе˵Ϊлƣ
ѰЩԾ
ɣֵأԴ޾̵ƣһڿֲ飬Щֲ뿪ʱ׷һЩ
顰ƣǵʱһǧٿ׵ĺ뿪ʱ
ս˵˵һλ棬Ƨٴѡ
˺һЩͬһǰɣֵΪٴۻʱܵ˽ɽŻˡ
ѰΪλ뿪󣬱Ȼ᷵塣
ɿƺǼʧصģȴɣҪôλûз壬ҪôǣƺӸЩ顣
ƳһƺӣѰȵִ磬ȥһ壬ԻԵɡ
㡭
ƺŭɵѰĿ⣬˸ʱѹʶԼǽݡ
ˡ
ѰĿ⿴̩𡢷ͨнԷȴеͽ
˴磬һ뿪
Ѱ˻һ̩˽ظЩţôǣ
ѵǷţ
Ѱûٽ͡
߳ԶԶһݾľڴͷƣ˹ȥ
ϾҪִˡ
Ѱڴͷһ࣬ӰԣпƵ˵
һƯĵĵ¶Ц⣬ԴбԵѰɤڵҳڴ˴ϣŲɸ˵Ŀģ
ѰΪأ
޳ָžƺͷһЦģҿûǰġ
Ѱʣִʲô㣿
գգ۾ҪҸһߣȥģҾ͸ģ
һˣһһȴ֣һһЦȻƯù֣ҲѰеһͷ
Ǹҿûһߵ뷨
˵գתȥ
;Ӵ̸ų⣬ΪԷģֹ̬俰ƾޱȣɲףпϢ
ԽѰԽ裬ΨԼӴˣὥؿʼͶԷ

ЦϷζƫƫһɤҲŴԣ彻
˭ţһ˵
Ѱ뿪ĲԽԽˡ
ͷϣչһ֫һɫڷƮҷǾޱš
ĿǿƯĿϸһĨп
ȴ֮óѾԻʵһ¡


ǿԶֳһƬʢͻ͵Ĺ⡣
һ磬ǳ֮£ٲ㽻֯к¹ҫ۵Ĺ⡣
ԶԶһ˽һ޴ĵѣǳ֮£ɢءϡãϢ
ѰĽ紬Ѿ㹻ˣ֮Աȣֱ׺һڣС˼¡
磡
һλ޿еĴ磡
ִƬǿպܹ˷ǿУһһҾ޴ޱȵĽ紬֣һȥ
еĽ紬ƾ޴еĽ紬һƵǿձݣеһͷǿյķݡ
һҽ紬ϣ޵ϣ۽̸Եúò֣ƬǿҲš
Ѱ紬ϣһҲ𺳡
⻹񣬵һǿȥһ硱ģ
ѡ
˿̣ӳҰĴ磬̩ͷͨĿ⿴Ѱ
Ѱģĳ˵ȵִ磬ǡ
̩ͷͨһۣԲٶԡ
֣Ҫȸһˡ
һϮ׺ɫǾޱ۵ľˣЦѰһۣе
ѰһЩ⣬ظƵģæǡ
ͲƯò񻰣صÿ͸ǳļһϽʧ
ƲƲ죬̾˿һ·飬Ǳʱ־˹ѵ顣
Ѱǳ鴤Ĭˣ͵û
ЦˣҶԣ˴ѿƲУԺǿ϶ģ֣ڡ
˵գⲽ𣬴棬ҡǿնȥ
Ŀ뿪Ѱ૵һˣܲᣬһЩ޵뷨ǻǺá
䣡
紬ȻɢĹ꣬ԶĴ磬ʧãã
ǿϣҽ紬뿪ȻתͷԶ

ԶһҺ۵ĺɫ紬ֻʮɴСзɳۡ
оˣ˵Ϣڿٿ磡
ɫ紬ϣһӰݼŵɮȻ۾ͫӳֳ˵â
ݼɮһ۵ɮɫһ
Ȥǰ̨ʧĽգ總Ǳԡ֮ͨŵ˵һˡ
ݼɮ¶һĨп
һںɮ˽Թ˳ͷ
ǰλݼɮּߣΪҲƷ˼һĻϹŶ
Ҳֻͨͣƾһ˿ããǿչŵϣݳ˵ټ
ؼžľǰóɵ۳֮أ˴Σٷȥ
һɮ˳

˷׷׵ͷ
ݼɮ¶һĨԳԱݣȴֶԸһССʥͣȥĻǻЦ󷽣ݡ
ڴʱһ쳹֪˲ݣƫƫҪôǲǾͽΪϲϲߣ
ɫȻһƬѤķɫƻõĹ
תУһ޳Ӱƾո֣һϮۣںڳб巢¶һƯİӡ
һһȻ
һںɮͫһԥҪ֣ȴȻ֣޷ֺ
һӣɫˡ
һȺʥڵزؽУһȺӵзҵġ޺ǽǴУԳưˡ
ڱ̾ϢֻǣǺοأ۸
ݼɮȴƣׯϣһϵѡ
εƣֱף
žü⣬ѺøֶΣ֪ԺηΪҪִ£
Ц·ƽεɿɲԣ
ݼɮü䷺һĨ⣺ɵĽڣ˻š
̾˿Ʋ֪㲻ţҲνУһȺˡ


1786 ɲǵɿգ
ƽϾһѽˮɤȫһ˿ԡ
ɿݼɮȴɫ΢䡣
䣡
ұ˲ըɲϯɢ
һ˲˿ݼɮ֮⣬ЩӵС޺ʥɮˣƻðķɫϼлɢ
ֻǿݼɮѹ˲ЩɫأĹˣֲ֪ʱ֮أѱ컻ء
ԭǼִ磬ɴʱȴһƬİտǿ֮ϣҰãã
գһϮƮҷڱֹ
ڿݼɮУƯþĶǵˣ˿ȴֳȫͬ
㣬ȴ绯ƬǿյΨһףϢظʮ
˵ĸоֻа˸֣
ϵ£Ψ
㾿˭
ݼɮڣϢҲˣһֳҲ˭Ĵηׯ֮ơ
ڣǳҲ쳹
̾˿ǿչŵϣұΪ»Ұ˵˭
ʱһΪɲǺաķɫɽ
ʱɽӳƬǿ˲仯ۺ֮ɫǾޱȻţת续
һɽֱ̿ݼɮüġ
Կ޷ݴ˽֮ƣԴһƻ
ڡ

ݼɮɫǰأü֮ӿһСӣֵסǾӨķɫ档
ײУɫСը飬ǳҲ֮촷ۣնݣ籩
ݼɮӰһλϣ䵲סһü֮ȴһĨѪɫۡ
ɫأһһ٣һ»Ұڵ۾ƿء޷졯֮
ǿգɫһ˿Ȼ޷ͺ˲𡭡
Գ
ʲô׵ļ䡣
䣡
ݼɮ֣ͨ죬ʮ磬֯Уɢķ⣬ӳǿա
򣡡
ʮӣÿһڣϵӰжģ컨׹յĴΰ
ɫ͵ףͷ͵ˣزؽ粻ֳѣǾȥ
翣
ģһɲǺա
ɲǼ䣬ƿʮظ磬ÿһԱƥĽŰ飬ео޾⣬ҲȻɢ
ҲɲǼ䣬Өķɫ俪ݼɮĵ۵üġ
ۣ
ĴֵָѪŽɫѪҺ
ɫɽѷؾǰ
Ѱڴˣһϳݼɮ͹һǿ³һģһüı̴
ݼɮţ૵ɲ֮ɿգա֪˭ˡȻһֻ»Ұ
ͳ˥ʧ
ݼɮ㻯ƬЩƬֻ̽ٽɢ
ǿշֲĵ۾ನأŰ
һĻ
ɫڷƮһǿգ
һ̣Ǿʳһ˿ѪգƯҲ΢΢Щ԰ס
ֲһ´ǣ̾Ϣɱһ۾һֺõ顣
ҡҡͷתȥ
ǿգ˿̾ӰٿȻɢ
һ̣Ӱٴγھ롰硱ԶС
ĿŴ磬Ȼϣʦܰʦܣ֪Ҳջġ
û취Щϼһ֪ǵĹϵĿưոݡ
૵УӰʧԭء
䣡
ھӰʧһֲɨӶϢظƬǿա
󣬲ŷ׷ʧ

硣
һտɽϿգѰ̧ۣĿһ̩𡢷ͨ˵Ľ紬ԶȥֱʧջĿ⡣
õط
ѰһܹܵؼƵȻĿ
ȣҪ㣬ϢʮУ󺣣񷡣
ڴУһ£ƾϣʥ
ѰͷһĨǿҵԤС
߰ɡ
ѰЦŶߵ˵ֿһƺӡ
ȥģ
ƺȻԵúʵ˰Ǻ棬Ѱʱè
һǳأһķ顣
Ѱڵ

缫嫣֮ŻҪڶ࣬ǳر鲼
Ѱ̩˽⣬ڴУ۴ʥҲһĴڣ޵
ʥѾڴ綥ͳеγְ֮񣬿Ȩ졣
׼ۡ벽۾һĽɫѿԱǴвεĴڣѰѵһ
ڵ۾ǿߣҲУֻ޼Ѿܶ겻ټ
ʶѰǵ̩𡢷ͨҲĻᱻԷĵڱ
ҳǡ
һڴֻеȹģķǳء
˳ǵȴ
Ϊڴ˳ǸһСڡĹϵͳ֮ǿǰʮС
ˮĽֵϣˮɼ޵ߵӰС
ҲһЩȺ飬źɫķˣӡŷܴĻˣֻаƴСʯˡ
һƣһĵرС̯λӦоУ֤ۣͯ
ī⴮˼ζһֻҪһŵඡ
Ѱһҳǣһɢɺ쳾Ϣ
Ĺˣ糱۾Ƿ
Ѱͷһ㱡
浽һƬǿգٵ磬ֱ磬⻹һ̤ǳ֮ء
ΪͣȫİĴ磬Ѱıϳ
ԵúɣŲͷۻò֣ľһƬƽ͡
С
쳾ɣ˵ķҲ£ɽϷãɽͬŴС
ƺӸѰ󣬿һֵ̬ڽй䣬һֹƽʲôɹģ
ģһǡǲǴһǣ
һ·Ҳ㿴ۣɣľ峤ȻΪȷĵط
ҳֻǴеȹģĳǳأȴĳǳط˲֪ٱ
ҲʱʶΪ޵ߣ˿ǰС
̽һЩϢȥʣ
·ϣѰȻʵ
ƺӲ˼Ȼǡ󡯣ֻҪǮоûǲ֪ġ
Ѱ˽Ǻйصأ
ƺӴ㵵ǿϹĴ֮һǰʱѾţҪ˽ʲô
㲻
ѰƮƮһ仰ƺһ
ڴʱƺɫ΢䣬ȻŲ壬Ҫʲô
Ѱ̧ȥͼԶֵϣһ˳Ϊ׵һӰأɫ۵ӣл̬
һ֮أһ˽ʶرÿԵޱȹ
ף
أɫӷƺӣ¶һĨζЦݣֱ
ƺɫһ£֪ѱܲһü䷺һĨء


1787 
磬ɰ
߹ӣƺϽӲؼһЦݡ
ԵúȳǰƺӼ򣬵Сӣ㲻ٵҳˣ֪Ҫˡ
ӵܣƺӵ֮һѪԵϵ׽
ֻѰһ۾ͿһֵܼĹϵ̸׽
˵Цˣҳʲô
ƺЦݺǿ
ЦĪˣҺ¹Ҫˣ鶩֮µġ
ƺһ
£ƽ֮ŮӺգڴУҲǷԶľɫˡ
죬ƺӲŻع񣬵ǿɾҪϲˡ
ЦҶʱһҪһ
˵ţһŮﳤȥ
Ŀ뿪ƺɫ粻ҧΣΪһźû£ͿԶ̳ߵݣҲǵӣ˳峤̳ˣ
ԱߵѰƳһۣû˵ʲô

ԶֵϣɫЦȥü⣺ƺҳˡ
ԱһЦʣ֣λĪǾ峤֮ӣڵ洫ƺӣ

Ǵ綦Ĵ竣֮¡
Ա߲˶Ц
ƺ֮Ļ᲻֪
Цҡͷ̾ϢܴСѧֺУɫȮ֮£ûóģλЦˡ
һŮӺȻ֣˵ٹãϡȡҪĻʱ򣬼ܻѡγһλ峤ӵм̳Ȩʸҵ飬㲻ŬȡһΣ峤֮λλ竼̳С
û˵꣬˼¶š
ͫһЦȣԲܷȡ峤֮λֻܾ£ˡ
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Ѱʼûᡣ
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ΪȨ͵λֵܷĿӳɳȥ
ɺȻƺⳡӵܵڶУá
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ƺһ˼
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Ҫ̽һЩ顣
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Ѱֱ˵֪һЩǰйص顣
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ž
ƺŭˣһǰϣһЩϢѣ͸Ҷթǧ϶ôأ
Цݱ䵭ֻǽĿ⿴ѰĴۣܵõֵϢѣأ
Ѱ䣬Ƭ̣óһڰϣñʧ
¶һĨЦݣһӣһֶǰĻʱһЩ£Լ¼ЩС
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˵ȣУ
߳޵ߣһٳΪȫ¹עĽ㡣
УϺᡢħͥ˻롢ڸλ֮бΪ׿һٳΪ䶯µ
ҲɸţѰһ۴Ȥ
ֱĵһöѰ͵һ
֮ӮңѰһˣԹŻ򣬾۴ʥΪԽ֮ǰ
ϣϸйѰе¼ɱǬͥിѪս½
ڵɽǰսȺۣƪ¡
ɽۣ֮ɱŲġսСڵһǿߣѪȾɽۡ
֮һķ̨ڣһ˺ƣն㡢ѩ
һĻĻ¼ѰٲȻȾΪһ׺ƥԵħ
ݴѰӷΪʥ󣬶ᡮɵ۳桯֮컯
ݴ˴֮Уͥʮս֮ˣѰӵ룡
ݴ컯ӵ
ֱѰв޶ٲЩϢпŵĳɷ֣ȷǷġ
ΨһѰüǣУڰϸ򡢰³ǵļ¼ȴ޼
ֻ˵ʱ򣬰֪ʧûȷǾȥ
ЩѾȫϢ
Ѱ̧ۣ١

ٵ˵ͷѻɻ󣬲˵Ϊһ
Ѱ룬֪һЩѰйص顣
Լ֣ѰҲЩоЩ졣
¶һĨϵ˵ЦݣǿչŵϣѰעĽ㣬ȻȥɹϢע顣
˵ţһӣһöӳ뿴öУѰйص͡
ƺӺﶼ棬̧ۿ
Ѱûڣ򡪡
ĵͥͣѰӣṩߣԿԻһ
ǬͥѸ£ѰΪɱС
ͥѰ
Ѫս塭
ս塭

һͣͥǿչŵϵȻ
Ҳʮս֮еĹȺϡĶ
һϵͣѰһˣ
ңÿһ͵ļֵҲƾףʥ׼۶ۺ죬õ۾ﶼģ
죡
Ŀࡣ
һҲֵ̫Ǯˣץסֱ͵ץסһȻ⣡
ƺҲ𺳵ˡ
ٶһŵͣʲô൱ҽ紬һ׼۱һҩ
ǰЩͽʱɺ䶯ǿչŵʱµ޵߶һѰѰһЩ۾ﶼԳǾĿ
ΪһѰ˲֪ٷˡ
ٸпһʱ䣬ǿչŵһЩѰ޵ߣȫ˴ùֳЦ
ƺҲһ꣬̾һ󶯾Ҳ˵ֻȴû뵽ѰȻôֵǮץסǸûöͽ
ûע⵽Ѱǲײس鴤һ¡


1788 ұ¥
ֵǮǺǣѣ㻹СѰ
ȣƾһ׮ɵ۳桯컯͸Ƕٵܹ
¹Ѱӣͷ¹
ƺ죬̾˶Դ˻һǿ
ͽл
ƿڡ
˵⣬Ȼһ£ǰãǿմʥѾ½йǿ֪ƵͥѰ˵ڼλ
ƺӿЦܲǵһɣ
ɫù죺һеģǡһ
ƺӵʱס
һļһ롰ǿմʥһ
Ѱеһ⡣
֪ԼôĪسˡǿմʥһ
ٵľ֣ش֮ӱ·粨ֱǿմʥһ֮λ֪ѣһؽͷ
˶٣ٵȻֻƵͥѰʱչֳսеȥˣ˭Ҳҿ϶ѷΪʥ͵ĴӣǷ̤ʥ
Ѱ˿̲סᡢеڼ
ٵͻֱǰʱ½̤ʥѴǿմʥʥ񡯵С
ʥ
ѰһӾ뵽϶Ƶͥһ񵥡
ֹǶˣǰһǿմʥǰʮĽɫڴ˴λ֮󣬼̤ʥ롮ʥС
٩٩̸ԭǿմʥһġ㡯λСʥ񡯵ʮҲΨһһһ̤ʥʥǰ֮еľ
ѰЩȤһЩ飬ƺӡһ뿪

ǿչŵϣѰΪ
㷱ˮĽֵϣѰȴЩƮ
ȥˣɺȻЩ˴Ӳûзɱͷ
֣ȥģ
ƺʵ
뿪ѰͱóĬ˲٣ʲô¡
Ѱ㶫

ƺӴ㵡
ԡ
Ѱͷ
û취ȱոָǧĴһЩϢ̬ƣò˶ãϵĵͽĹ⡣
ƺһӽ竣ǮţҲһЩıȡӻʱ
һ˼ƺӱ˵Ǿȥұ¥ڿһߣ㱦ڻǶȵ࡭

ұ¥
ҳڹģѣۺһС
ұ¥ڣռ伫֮󣬵̻ԻͣĿı
ʵĸɫƷײһĵҩ伮ҩҲа˷䣬޲еĲǺεۺ
Ѱǵִʱұ¥в޵ߴУŮԽ»ǱڣǸ
һҲǣұ¥ȵطһ޵߸Ѳ
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װŵģѰ̩𡢷ͨѹεսƷȻҲƺϵõսƷ
һĻƺӶһɵۣҡͷЦѡ
ѰҲһЩѩжõؽ⡢жõġ۵ʮͼȵȡ
ЩȴۣܳһǼͺ
һۣƱػע⣬ϳȻ³ݣ
ŮӣԵȣҪһıڶ࣬Ҫһʱ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ܣĪȱǮˣ
ԶȻһȺˣΪ׵һϮۣӰظߴǵӵ
ŵģһŮӣŻ멣£ֻɫģ¶һɹ°Ϣ
ûС
ƺҡͷ
ЦζǺǣҶˣ㰡Ǯִ̫ţȱǮ˵ɣһŵȥɡ
˵ţ˦׳һ
ž
ˣƺûнӣɫѿ磬ҵʲôˣлӣ
ü̾ϢһŲǡſ𣿡
˵ţóһ
ߣһŮЦһֵļơ
ƺӶͷҧгݵ磬ĺˣЩ㻹ԼŻɣ
ǿЦƺӼȻָ멵Ůӵܣǲ¹
£
ƽ֮Ů
ƺͫһУһ¶һӲЦݣ¹
һɫ䵭߰ɣҸ׺òײŽĪʦҳǣɱ˼ҵȾˡ
˵գתȥ
ƺɫʱͷŭǹڼӸԼ
ųԱƺӣЦЦĿ⿴Ѱյĸࣿ
ѰüͷһࣿһǹģԼһˣ
ɲڣ˵ϴеһˡ
˵գҲתȥ
һҲ̫ˣ
ֹܲޡ
ͬʱƺһȻǸΪǣ㡣
õǸ㡣
Ѱ
ƺӿЦҡͷ̫˽ˣ°вԣһڴʶ
ֽƽ֮Ů飬Ժеĵλעз
Ǹ
ѣ
Ѱƺģ̲סΪвܴĵӣ㲻Ӧ÷ܷͼǿıǿϮ֮·
ƺӴ㵣̵ǸҸϮ
⻹ʣ
Ѱһ٩˵ﲻ˵ʮӶʮĪһܰ۵ӵܣܾʹѹҪǿ踺أȻһֲڽ£Ӵ۷壬Ϊҫ۵һ
ƺһΣ֣һЩҲɵִ˵¶ǲ֮ܵ棿
ѰЦˣ㲻£׻ÿԼһһ㣬ͬ㲻ע߳֡
ƺһ˼
ʱŮŵ
ѰüЩˣŵ޵߶ԣһʾ޸
ɶѰжԣֻ֧ʱ䣬˵ǱˮнҲΪ
ܣȻ۾һߣȥǱơ
ã
ƺӲ죬Ҫʲô
ţѰһ˹ȥ
ã˼壬Ƿĵطÿһ֮Ӧ͡
ǰһ޴ĹĻϱˮӿֳһݺͽ
ʱ޵Χ£ǰȡԿеԴ׬ȡꡣ
Ѱע⵽Ļϵ񣬷࣬еǲɼҩеɱޣҲеǺ͵ҩƷйء
廨ţӦоС
ѰƬ̣ϣӣ֣Щйصרѡ


1789 չ¶
ƺһ֣ͲǣһĪ㻹һλʦɣ
Ѱûзϣжɡ
ƺܸоܹ죬һ׺ᵽѹʥļһһ
ɻƺӻǹԹԵж
Ǵ㽫кйصȫˣ
һ̬ϣɽߣ֪ƺӵ⣬ʱǡ
ƺһĲͣôа
ɽұ¥ˣϣϵͨ죬ΪҲ䲻ףһֱá
Щ꣬ͷһ˻Ҫ󣬶㻳ƺҲġ
ӣȷ
һȻʵ
ϻ𣬷Ҫ˵ڶ飿
ƺûѰǰԵúˣɶԴʱֹӵܵİʱ¶
Ȼƺ򵥣Цӣ֪йصǧƣһЩǧܹɡ
˵꣬ƺӾɫƵϼһϻ湻ģɲˣƨ£˵Ʋ𱾹ӣ
ˣʱ֪Ȱ費ãɣΪ׼һЩܹɣϷٲһ˿ӡ
ƺ룬Ŀ⿴ѰߵͷӦЦų˵ʲô׼ɡ
ǳ鴤ŭȴԵȡ
һ˼⣬½Ǿ޴ĹĻѡһЩ񣬽̸϶ѣҲ򵥡
Ŀĺܼ򵥣һƺӵǳһʧܣĿɲ
ܿ죬һͳںУƺӣÿһշʮŵʧܵĻҲǲ˻ģ֪
ƺӶʱû棬ϵĵɶѰ䵱սƷˡ
Ѱ߹ȡķõݸ
޵λµЩ
ƺӻһڣ£һﶼܵʥĴүˣ
ѰЦЦûн͡
ӹЩʶɢӿһ
һһʦһɽϲǧصƽ
⣬ɽ㹻ɲʱȴʧܡ
Уϸǧصƽ֡
Ҫܼ򵥣ܹṩİ취ٿŵΪꡣ
ѰһۿԺ˲両ֳʮְ취ÿһֶɽ⡣
ͬʱȵӣλ»һ
ƺӻڣеӳ䵱Ѱˣ
ǿЦЦûп
ڴʱע⵽ѰĿ⿴ڶʱЦˣǵһһλϷһɽϲǧؽƣȴЩˡ
ʶΪѰ޷
ƺ̲ס˿ѰɫȻûʲôвοԼ͵һһ֣ľͺãȻʧܣֲԼ
ˡ
Ƭ̶ѣѰʶƺӺͺһ
֣Ƿ⣿
ƺӼˣĿⲻƵؿϼһǲǹһЩֵҪЦ
õӣЩ䲻򵥣Ҳ̸ֵģοӱˣϷȰ裬Ҫкйص񶼽ˣ
ƺӶʱ
Ա񣬺ʹ첻ѣϹ̼ӣɱˣĵǲ˵ġ
ƺյΪӲǮ
Ц
˭˵ʧˣ
ѰڣЩЦֽ̧Щ׸֮һһ¼УþȷϣǴҪ뿪
ǣһɣ㲻Լ䣬̶Ƭ̶ѣʮȫˣ
ƺҲһ㵣ѵģ
һһЩ򣬷ÿһϵȷϸĽ취
ʱҵˣѶ֪ͨЩķߣЩȷϡ
̴ȥ
ӣλĪһλƴʦһľɣֱʱЩš
ƺɫڣҧʲô£ҡѣϼһֱ顣
Ѱ˵ʱ䱦󣬼ɡ
Ҫȡ񣿡
ƺȻЩѾȷ֮ټ
Ҳ̤ܲʵ
ݲʧ
Ҳܻɣ̶Ƭ̶ѣѰЩ񣬾ǳɹʧܡ
ѰüȻصˣǼ
˵ţֽһʵó˹ȥ
ˣ侪ɲɻжΪѰѡһ񣬱һıߣѶҲ
Ƭ̺
ѰɫƽЩһһ
ô죿
ƺӵ
һģ֪һѰ񣬾мɹġ
ˣƶϳѰڹŪ飬ˢӡ

ѰڣԼ࣬÷ϻʱ䱦׬ǮȻҪġ
á
һҧֶΪѰѡ

ұ¥ҳһ¥ÿ֮޵ǰ
øӰҲﲻ
ѰȡһĻĻܿͱ޵ע⵽׷һ࣬
һĪһλƴʦ
Ƕûٶж죬Ƭ̹򣬶ʮҵ񣡡
ļٵģ
Ȼģɵûеõȷϣ޷϶ǳɹʧܡ
ԭˣǺǣֿˣʧܣ϶ΪЦǳɹ˵׼ͽһٳ
Ⱥ۷׷ס
ѰĿ⣬ٶŻ֮ɫ
ЩѰȻƵģ̨˼׬Ǯϡ
ƺձɫЩӲ
ûѰǰ㵭ۼֵӰԽԽ࣬жһǡ
һһɵ֤ʧܵġɾͶˣעΪЦ
ΨﾲվѰԱߣ뿪ֱһ·˼ѰäĿš
ӻҪ
վûסȰ裬̶ӣһһʮŸ񣬹Ӳһȴһ½
ΧȺҲ׷׵ͷ
Ѱٶȣֱƺˣ˼Ŀ죬ǶһΣš
ѰͷҲ̧ˣ
ǳ鴤һ湻ģǵʦˣ¶޷˶ʱһˣ
ܻɣѰڹŪ顣
Ϊڼ䣬ѰѡһαһѣѰЩʱõʱ䣬û
ǰ죬ǰ赭д·ЩУ̸ѿԡ
ˣһˣ
أһ̴ӴҴɫܡ
ŶΣ
Ҳһѵȴʱ
ƺͷĪһš
Χڴ˿䡣
ɹˣ
̴Ӽڣһľ̾
ȫʱ䶯



1790 ڽ̾
ɹˣ
һ㱣ʵĸ񣿡
̴ӷɿڳƷɽ񣬽Ϊٿŵ
һ
ϼһ㻹ʲô˵
ƺѼ죬ٿŵ
Цֻһɹ˶ѣǲǸ̫ˣ
Χ۵ҲЦȻҲΪƺӳסЩΡ
һ̣һ߳еˣɹˣȫɹˣ
ߺܼһ𺳡
ʲô
һ
ΧЦþɲֳɹˣ
֪У漰񱾾ͱҪһЩ
򣬷Ҳôߵıꡣ
˿̣񿰳ٵѰѳɹĴΣ
Ѿ˶ݡ
ƺüЦһʤ̬Ҹ̫磿ϼһֻ֤̫֪ˡ
ɫӲߵˣĿǰΪֹͬһٶұ֤ÿһζɹ
ƺɫһͣջȫɹأ
ƤЦݲЦÿ𣿡
ʲôЦ
һٶȻǵʦˣҲұ֤ʧһΣ
ΪõĸˣЩҲлλʦһ⣬ʱɱҲһЩ覴á
ɲţѰȵʦˡ
ϣƺҧܣȫпܣ
Цˣһúļơ
ȺҲһЦƺӵı֣߳ŭ㡣
ʼգѰûЩ
רҲû˼ЩСס
֮׬ǮҪ
ɺܿ죬øգһ𣬳ױˡ
ˣϢأõȷϡ
ˣõȷϡ
ˡ
ͬʱ𣬺һ׻Ƶģʲô
޷
ͬʱȻ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ڣûعʧܵϢ
죬λӸòһλʦɣ
ÿϣ𾪣ѰĿⶼˡ
ƺϷ⣬üɫ裬Ÿ첲ϼһ۾
죬Ҫ˵ʲô
һӵһ
ˣȷϡ
ˣɽ˵˴ȼü֮ṩĽ취ϵĺãѾ귭Դ˱ȡѡ
ˣϢ
˰죬̲סʣûһʧܵģ
̴ǽҡͷ
ѵ̿ˮɫ㱣ô꣬ͷһμ˷˼顣
Ǽһ﾿˭ѵһλز¶ĵʦ
ȺҲһɫд̾һʵǰ벻С
ʱ䣬صϢҲǽԽԽ࣬ÿһѰɲյõȷϵϢһʧܣ
ѳɵۡ
Χ۵ȺԽԽ࣬Ѷ˽⵽ǰһĻĻһҲԾѡ
ֱпѰĿУѲƵش𺳡桢塢֮̾ɫ
һλʵѧĵʦκκ޵߶ء
Թ߲Ƶ֪
ѰᣬȡڣֹٶȿĿ࣬ʼûгֹһʧܵӡ
β𺳣Ϊ֮̾
Ϊۣ֮׷ˣŲƺǸϷ飬֮ǰλӣ
ƺЦˣк̹ǵ֮ˣ
˵øıһһš
ȻӾܷģұ¥ӲǷκһλ˵ıꡣ
ʱƣѰȡͬÿһɵҲ½õȷϣʱʱһ궯
ø۵޵ӰҲԽԽ࣬ͷܶεΪ׳ۡ
ƺӶ𺳣û뵽ѰȺˣԭһλ˲õĵʦ
ȫϡ

ͬʱұ¥һС
Īʦº󣬡ؾͽʱ޿оŴĶԻ
һ멣ݾڣҸǰҲϣڡؾҺһ֮
棬һ׷ͯյߣԲС
ºһۣЦóһУ򿪺󣬷Īʦǰ
Ȼ˵Ҹ׶ĪʦæһЩС⣬ĪʦĪҪƴǡ
УһʵҩûλðĹ꣬˱ǡ
Īʦһ
Σ
һζҩڴУ˳һŵûչ˱
⡭
ĪʦһЦλСѣĪĳ䱻Ϊʦվûнؾµʱﲻ϶æ
ˬЦ۽ΣֻҪĪʦ㹻ˡ
Īʦ뿴
óһϵƤϱӡһɬĵƽ
ǡؾڣһԵ֮ǰǵĽͼֻЩȱͣ˴󡣡
Īʦһ꣬ĬĬãźЦͷȷѲסĪĳ
ºʱЦˡ
ڡ
С㡣
ҷһ˳
£
ü
ұ¥һĵʦǰӲǶôҪ̸
ǹ˳
һĪʦ֮ǰԼȷ´
ڣĪʦѾˣȻʦ
ڵȥɣˡ
ڴʱĪʦ濪ڣеĵʦҶʶû˵˭ҳǣˡ
¼ˣһˡ
һ̴Ŷ룬񣺡СкηԸ
µ˵һ˵λұ¥ĵʦ
̴æǰһһ֮󻹴£Ҳ۷ˣλӾ岻ѡ
˽ЩҲ⾪棺д£
˼
ĪʦЦΪ֪ͬϾҪһȥݻһλӣ
Ҳá
º
뿪ңȥ
ԶԶأѾܹøɽ˺Ӱֵòˡ
¶죬ʱ򣬿ɴû顣
ţô
һ죬һ۾ͿȺƺӣԼڽѰ
˵ĵʦòɣ
ߵ̴ӡ
̴ʵʵӣǴˡ
һӣһסˣǲѧߵһ£һλʦ



1791 
ƺӣϵ峤ĵϵãһкպĴ竡
᲻֪ˣ
ΪŻڳμʱԴƺӵ̬Ȼǰ䵭
ȴû뵽ƺߴŵ£һλز¶ĵʦ
㲻š
һλʦܸһѧ竻һ
üôоЩԾλܸòҲ뵽ؾаɣ
һҲо˼ڵڣƺӵݵȷܲһ㣬˭λ峤ĶӾһе竣á
ƺܹΪ۴ʥȫǿһ쳣˵Ѫ츳Դѻģ
뵤УҲ丸׳棬òײŻѴɵġ
һʼոûбеġܵܡȴһλʦ֣Ե̫˼ˡ
ѵҲʶٲȡᣬŴ֮ͽʧȥ峤֮λļ̳Ȩ
ɫ粻
ã
̫ˣ
Զøһ̾Ȼѡ
ʵĪϣܷ񿴳˵ĵ裿
ĪϳϷ̽һɿһЩߡ
Ŀ˸ǾͷĪϳһˡ
ĪҲ棬ʲôʱһĵʦԵʹشӦ
һ˼⣬óһöϢ򣬵ݸߵ¡
ϷһСʱżȻһϹżһɬҵͣҲǿֻܽġȴ޷а
ĪϴŸпЩʱ޿̲ݴ󣬿񲻵⣬ܹƽ⣬֤һϵ裬ҪԶʤҡ
ܡ
ʱЦ
ڴ磬ʦĿ֮٣Īһܶǰ£ΪĴʦ֮һ
Ī϶ƽⲻ˵һϹŵѰƽģ
Ҳã˻ᣬɱһɱԷ棡

ԶȺУƺüɫ裬ģһ
Ī򽻸ߵ̴ӣȥ˵Ǹշһ˭ƽ⣬ʮš
ʮţ
ȡ
Ц뾪ȣ㻹ΪСеôֻǸնˡ

׬ٵˣ
Ѱһɺʵ
ƺϷ⣬ܵĿǰõȷϵپʮܵõʮǧٿŵ
ʮĵ
Ȱӵܶԣһʾ޸
ھ۴ʥЩҲֻ൱ڲһʱ衭
Ѱ΢΢üֻһͽͻʥʱЩܹ֧еʱֻ̡
ףǵ׬Ǯ
ֹܹһֻңǹƷ紬벻

ѰͷҲ̧ô˻ᣬú׬һʣʡԺΪ˷
ǰ𾴣ӣǸշһ񣬺ƽƽйأʮ֪ǷȤ
ʮ
һ׺䶯ˡ
һ񣬱ʮ˵ұ¥磬ٳֹ
̫ˣ
ͬڳ˵ĺһȫ
һ񣬾񷢲߲ϧȾ챨ꣿ
ΨһԿ϶ǣעޱȣҲޱȣһĵʦ㲻
ʱƺӶ죬еļһòӽˮ˰ɣ
Զԭĺ䶯ɵƺӵĻһоǺ⡣
˶ֱǷʰ
æϢŭԺҰͷ
ѰʱҲеЩ⣬Уʼ
Ҳ֮üžѻȸеĿⶼˢˢؿѰ
¡ĪҲڽע

᲻
Ѱˡ
֣ףڳ˶ˣ罫ĿһϷݡ
ʮŵ񰡣Էе£
º󶼿Īϡ
ĪԼҲЩ㵣ӾˣѵûϹŵ
һþܳɹĿԴɡ
ͷΪȻ
ĪϵʵޱţѰܹĪ϶һĪչˣ
Ѱʼ
ɫƽκεĽŻѹ
糱ˮʶӿУһϹŽͼ˺ֵӳԺС
ʼݡ
ʱһһţõҲĪرЩšѹ֣˶ϢΨ־ŵѰ
Īϴ˿̣ҲһգգעѰ
¡һΪʦѰκƫͶС
ֻǺܺ棬Уʱһλĵʦǰû˵
ƺҲʼ
֮ǰʱѰ۽ʲô񣬽ڼ̵ʱھɣʲô谭
һΣѾȥ˰ʱ䣬Ѱûһ㷴Ӧƺܲţ
ڳҲע⵽һĻΪѰһѺ
а
ظƵģЦų
ŵ˵ˣĪ϶޷ƽĵһ֪ðļһƽģ
Ī͵ޱȻɬ˶ʱھƽ⣬ǲܵ飬Ϸ˶꣬񻹲һԴһĪչ
˶٣ϷǾãȻƲ˴ҲѲѰɱȡ
ЩЦҿĪ̫߿ˣܹǲѧ˻һ𣬱϶Ҳʲôöˡ
Īüûнӻ
ҲڴʱһֱûжѰʶݸ˺
һӣȫһ
ɹ
ӣз񣿡
̲סʡ
Ѿƽ⣬ͼ¼С
Ѱڵ
һ仰ȫѹõ׺䶯Ȼ
ƺӶһļ۷⣬˰㣬ζţʮŵˣ
ⲻܣ
أ˴г
ƺӾͿһˣһɫܲÿ
£
쿴Īʦ
û뵽˼Ҿҳˡ
һ궯˶ϳ¡Īʦݡ
ƺӺܲˬޱ磬ʲôвܣҼǵͲһɣ
ߣҲȻ˶ĪʦһǷ˴󣡡
ƺһʶʲôеʲôò㷢İɣ
ܣ㵹Ǳôˡ
δϡ
ƺɫѿô˵ʱҪҪΪǣҪЦ
ûзϣĿ⿴Īʦ
ʱĪʦҲһɻоҲܺͺ棬ں飬ںǣѰǷ˴
֪ⶼһĽᣡ


1792 թ
ĪʦǰЩȲˡ
ѣɷϷһۣ
ںУĪʦȴǽĿ⿴Ѱֿڣ̬Ⱥǫѷ
ɡ
Ѱͷ
Ҳע㵽£âһ

ĪʦһӺнӹ򣬽ʶ̽С
ڳ˽Ϣ
Īʦ硰Ĵʦ֮һһָǰ˭֪ܲ
˿ɹзȨġ
º
ˣ
˾ͿĪʦ׻ƵģʧгɫεļͻȻ
һӣ˽ԻȻ׷ڡ
𰸣ѲԶ
ºȵףɫЩѿ⡭ܣ
ȴĪʦһɫ侹ǴһĨľأһ̵̬ѰֵѣϷܷһ
Ƕһģ
ѰƳһ¡
Īʦʱ¶Ц֮ɫʵǳϷ֣֮ԭ̽һµѵĵ裬ȴû뵽ͻ˵ѣ¡
˵ţ
ڳ˽Զݣһ𾪣µĪʦȴ㣬һǰͷ
Īʦˣ
ˡ
Īʦҡͷ㲻ŵȺ󣬴ΪʦλСڵϣѴﵽĸ߶ȣҼǳֵֻҪܽ⿪ɻҲĸԸ
ԣпĪʦĪʦȺؽ벻嶼ѡ
Ѱ̸Ҳ޷ֻ֪ʱ˭
ĪʦЦϷǡ

ǰʱⶨģԵȥȡʮ
æͷӦ
ұ¥ڵĲҵΪƽ֮ŮĻ˭ҲΥ档
Ǻǣͽ͵ʴס
ƺЦ
кܲˬƺõģձѰɹɣȴƺӼպޡ
ܣô˵ģ
ȳ⣬ɫ
ҲÿץԭҪɱһɱѰ棬ôһƺӣ˭뾹ʧˣ
ô˵
ƺӳױˣ磬ΪҲ֪οҵģ
Ҫ˵ʲôüˣֳЦ𣿻˵ֵܶڳλһǵϵЦ

ƺߡ
Ŀ⿴Ѱ°ϼһĨЦݣλӣ֮ǰֻһЩᣬΪǸ⣬Ըóŵв
ڳ˶࣬Ǹѣͳôֱʣ
ϵǣѰֱӾܾȻˣֻøõġ
üͷ΢壬ЦӿСŮҲо˶ӣǽһ˵
Ѱ˼ƳһۣˣҶԲǵ鲻Ȥ
âһŭҳǣû˸һٶزӡ
ˣɫ𺣺ѣֻģΪҪ˲飿
Ѵвζ
ѰЦˣҲ룬ҲԸǲ飬͵ˡ
һʱЩѹֺͽ
ĪæԲЦϷϣһΣ
Ѱаˣ̾ߡ
Ŀ˸¡
һұ¥ûǷˣĴͳ
ᣬҴȥΪѰ׼
ûãأһݸѰʮٿŵ빫ӹĿ
Ѱʶһɨͷû
ƺӡһתߣʼգûпºһۡ
ӡ
ĪЩżѰء
һЩϣԼȥɡ
ѰͷҲأ׳һ
ĪС𣬳ѰԶȥıӰ˹֡

ɶ񣡡
һң¶ɫвյݺˤ顣
ƺӣһ˶Ĵȴõһλʦֱ˿Ҳ޷ܡ
Īʦ̬ϿСӵĵҪ£ǸؾʱػռݼƣҶԣܲ
侲ȺҪ˳Ϊ峤ǰؾȡʼ桮ۡһűǴ˰ע
һ£˵Ǹô죿
޶ɷΪǿ
ʧ㡭ҪɱܣУ岻ڶһɱϿĳΡ
ҡͷˣ˵ɱֵˣǴܵʧȥһ̣ʲô㶷
һ˼ƿС
üΨһ鷳ǣֵһĵʦһ
ûһ
նⷽԲ֮أڵĵ̣ɱһʦѣ㲻ʲô¡
һҧǾôɡ
Ȼ־ܽˣõġ֮ǰ֮ȥֵĽ̸̽һ̽ʵ
³һһԣƺӸٺôҾͷȡΪá
Ц£㿼ǵȫ
һЦﲨתģΪ㡣
һ鲻Խǰ뻳У𼱻ǵضֶ

֣Ϊǣ㡣
߳ұ¥ƺӴɫڨڨڡ
Ѱʣ˵ҿĳˣͲң
ƺһɬ°ܽ£һѺܸмˡ
ԳһЦҴСͱ竡ѧֺУǶֻ֪ǲ͵ڶУŻӱЩ顣
ΥΪҸ峤ұֵ竣ٲȨǻΪжд̡
ͳ͸Ȼ
Щڶܶˣһֱ˿ߡ
ѰЦЦҪͬ飬Ұ㣿
ƺæҡͷĸҡ
Ѱȥ壬ܼǰҵǿ԰˵һЩ

Ҳǵҫ۵һλ۾սڸǧ꣬šۡ
ƺ̲ס֣ܾ֮ǰѶȫޣ㡭֪ţ
ѰĵǱȣĿ֪ܲţ
Щøƺ˵
Ѱȥ忴һ֪
ƺһѰУһöƣ˵׼֪һЩԼ֪
߰ɣҽտɵڽλɩ׵ˣһ⣬Ҳ뿪ûǰ˳ˡ
Ѱڵ΢
ƺŭǸң
Ѱ֪ϱȹµʲô
ʲô
ƺȻ
ġ
Ѱ֣㳯ǰȥ


1793 ɱʥ
С㣬ڳȥܴܿձ뿪
һ̴ӴҴ
һȥɡ
ৣৣ
ղֳӰһߣһꡣ
С㣬ǷҪж
ʵ
λˡ
µ˵ͷ
ߣ
һ̣ߺ͸ƾʧ
£λǣ
̲סʣڸղţ߶˳ʱƾճɽǿɲƣѹȵúѡ
ǽڵĳϣҸ׹ϵ׽һΤ壬һв壬ʥΪǳ֣ɱһ۴ʥʦҲֵ顣
´˻һ
ڴ磬ʥ߳ƵľڵϣҲԵִ¡ϵְȨ죡
µƺӲΪ壬ҪСĵģһеҽھͻ壬ʼ׼Ŵȵ顣
ͷӦ
λڵʥϳ֣ڵĵϣɱһʦѣܳʲô⡣
ѵ£ǧܶ֡
Цģء

ಣ
ҳ⣬۸ֶѰƺӡƿնȥ
ܾڡŻɽ֮ϣŻɽԶǴһǡһǡȵֲִһ𣬼ʶһ¡һǡ
ϣƺЦ˵
ð
ˬӦ
ѰһʵӣУĸǿ
诽󡣡
ƺӲ˼˴һͳ½ǿƼ
ˮڣóıһǼĪʦԴڡ
ٴξǵڡ
ƺ٩٩̸䡣
Ѱأ֮ЩΣ
ƺȻð٣Դӵ뿪ѴǰֱǿҲͺ͵൱
˶٣¶һĨţ۵֮ۺУϸҳƵڶ˸ҳƵһ
֣Ż֪⡮硯֣ʼ桮ۡ
ѰҲȣһ磬Ե֮֮
ȷܷǷ˲֮
һ˼⣬Ѱע⣬뿪ʱΪѰһǵɣС
ֹ
أһϵ
Ǵ𶯡
Ѱȴδ֪ɫƽƮȻӳ
ԶߣΤ塢壬ƾǵǰ·
ģ
Ѱڡ
Τ¶һĨɫСԹӼΪʶصҶǰ빫һ
ԱߵĲϻ˵Ը뿪ƺӣʲôСԻӦ
ϵƺһ־ŭö񶾵ļˣ
Ļῴһж
ΤóһУЦݴȺͣΪ⣬һꡮϼ̹ݡǼ񡣡
˻
ƺӵϼ̹ݣһζҩֵǣϡ֮
ƾ㣬ƺ϶Ϊ˶ԸԼºѲһˣ
ӦءѰ
ΤЦȥǴˣӦʲôǵġ
ΪһԼɾͲֵˣ˼
λʥǵĵϣʼոûѰƺӷС
֮԰ڳƽ͵̬ȣҲΪµĶˡ
һ̣ѰȻ̾ѹ£ϵЩУǲ뿪ˡ
ΤͲɫĮȻûзϡ
ϧѡˡ
ͳУѰӰƾʧ
һ̣ѳΤǰȭɱ
䣡
գ۶ѣѰ绯һˣѰһ̼
û˸ţһ˵Ʊ仯֮죬ͨһ˲˹âɵĴգ
Τͫһû뵽ȴУѰһ۴ʥѣѡλʥӲ
ֱ̫
ǲ
Τиðͷ͵زԾÿֲȭ
Ѱһȭֹǿ죬ҳԾ춯ذĴΤһϡ
䣡
ʶأΤһư
ӡ
һӡѣѹǣǿƥ
ĺУΤ座ȻһĻ֣ǳӯŵ֮ӡֽ㣬һȭ顣
ɲȭɨΤĵˣпѪʧУܣ
ԶҲһɫ䡣
۴ʥʥ֮䣬һ󾳽磬֮𣬹񣬼ܴǵ羳ս
ڣѰˣ
ò嶼㲻Լ۾
򣡡
УѰ£ʮɷɽɭɭ
Τŭȫ֣ʥΪת£â

Ѱɫʮɷɽɱؼ䶼ããĻͻͽǡ
¡
˲ѣΤ˶ûУŭΰܼѪɣ
ҽУȴ޼£Ľǣѹơ
ָ䣬Ȼֹ޶
ڳϣʥǿΤ壬ڴ˿̷
ⲻܡⲻܣ
ʧУȫ̼ˣŶ̶䣬һ۴ʥݿɱһĺʥ
˭ţ
˴Ƕ˳ͽ˴жһ׮С£ΪԲѴ֮ͽ
뵽ȫеȴһĹ
ৣ
Ѱûе飬ٶȶ֣ӰƾŲƣɱ塣
ʲôʥ̤۵;ԣҲвԡ
ڵ̩εǿ󣬿Ҳѹ
Ϊھϸ߳һأѹѰһͷǾʹشˡ
ն
𣬱սٿȻӳܻһ֮򡱣ݺᣬꡣ
籩磡
ǲĵ֮һĵɱ춯أУ˷ãã
ƣ
Ѱ˶Կ֮ľ飬ԥУȫʩչԪһն
䣡
ѤƥķâХͼ籩硱粼㱻˺ѿһѷ졣
֮ȻըضʮƱ
⡭
循ûð֮εȿֲκβһ۴ʥ
̫𺳣߸֪
ۼѰɱԥˣѱƵ
ϧһѰȻ֣Ŀ̵˻뿪
Զ죡
һָһ
֮⣬Уֳһãָݺɱ£ݱ顣
ӰĵӦһĨѩĶٿȻն
ۣ
Ѫ
һźôͷ­׿ն


1794 
š
ϵƺ㱡
ѼʶѰѹ̩һĻɵʥвƵɴƺӼ𺳡
һ
ǿմʥǰʮĺݽɫ¶ûͰɣ
飡
Ѱ׼ɨսƷʱʬϣٿȻһ貵̻ȥ
ãԮõѶ
ƺɫ䡣
ȻǲǰȵģȴջһѰɱ
ѰͫУûһʼսƷ
ʥƷ಻һѰ鹭ڵȱ
һƿƿ޹޵ĵҩʮҩϡԼʮŵ
ֵΪˡ
ɴ˿ɼʥļҵ׺εȺʵѰұ¥æ˴죬׬ʮŵ
ȶԣսɱǮ죬ȫһ
ߡ
ûãѰԦۣƿնȥڻ˶չı

ڡ
ಣ
һȵ磬ڡ
ƽ̴ˣˣΤ塢λԮ
ŵĽڴ
ܿ죬ƽԳһȫٳţܿ͵ִսĵط
ֻѾһѰȥ
ˡ
һͷΤ塢ʬ壬һɫҲѿ
ⲻܣ
һǰʧеֻǶԸһ۴ʥĿܻλѣ
ô£
ʵ
һӵеʥǿߣҲࡣ
ڣһӾʧ
ܲŭĶѪ
ɷףٲѰйصг
ģǿһĪʦĵʦ˭ܵģ
뷢ŭţ¡
¼˸㷲
ƽ̣Ѿֿ϶δԶ֮׷Ҫ
һλ߳
Ҳͷɱڡ
ڵĵ̣ɱλʥϣֹʧأһܴ裬ȥĻŵƶһСĴ
һϣĳһϣȫͨˣ
ǡ
˴Ҵȥ
ֱɢȥ෢һ֪̾ھȫҲѾˡ
һɱʥĵʦĿ׾ܱͨģ
඼ò¾֪ɱֵĻעã
ҧףҶԸеһΡ
ž
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պףѪȴôڱ׷ܵĳͷֻء
ףұǰ׼
ɫòջǵͷӦ

Ԥ⣬Ѱ뿪ããؼ䣬Ҫץס̸ף
һ
Ѱоյ뿪ǵķΧƺӵָ㣬֮̾ءŻɽȥ
ͬʱҳǣһصʦ֣ѹĪʦϢѸٴ䶯Ұ
λաʦݣҲΪֵĻ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ڷʣλʥϵϢҲ籩ɢһȻ󲨡
ֻм֪һʵ֣λȫǺ䶯صʦ
Դˣп˵ŭ޿κΣ֮ززǻΣ
ΪµԵʣƽλҲöҡ丸Ů˱
֪ȶɣɲһ˵㣡
֪ЩϢºڵóӶˣ֪ˣҲȥѰ
ϧѾˡ
ɵĶҪΪ˳ܵĴۣ

Żɽ
һڴպɽأܾС
ʲôŸյң¾ʹŸˣǹңҿ
һûʵĵУЦſڡ
¶飬Ⱳǵһ
²ֹϻۣ䱳һλִһͳƽ̸ף
ԣһ峤֮λϣӵмĻȨ
үĿ
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λڵʥֵСɱˡ
Ҳ粻
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Щˣƺõһλһ壬Ҫж峤̳Ȩ¾ûǰˡ
˵Ĳ֮֮һȽƺʰˣܱ֤峤̳ȨУ
뵽⣬ҧϣϢȸǡ
һʮ֣ǰ˵д̣Ҫǵ
ŴҴȥ
һ
̻Ի͵ĵУǻʮλŮԽ»Ǳ
ЩǵһеĶÿһԿҫ֮
ɶԣЩֵܽã峤̳Ȩǿ֣
˵ˣܸ˵ʲô˰ɣ
һȹѵŮ̲ס࣬һе塣
ǰҵʱ䶼ܱʲôֱ˵ɡ
˲ͷ̻ᣬü磬Ƽͣеڶ
ǿеĲ绹ûλ԰ꡣ
磿
˽Ŀ˸
һУƷϴҲһ͵̵һλ
丸ߵһŮݾͱȲһЩճӵˡ
Ǹˡ
ûãƷҴӰ۾üĿ㣬һ˵ơ
˽û
ƷЦЦΪȻԼ˸λ¡
ڣܸ˵һ˵ʲô˰ɣ

˵ĿҲ
λٹʮ죬Ⱦͽʼҿ϶ȫΪ׼һ£ǻ
һǵܣ߶һ˲õĵʦңڳиϻأ⣬ȻҲ뵽С
˽һ㵡
̲סЦǸеӲǾ£ֻҪ°ᡣ
˶Ц
У˭֪ƺӵĵϸһõķУ
ΨΪƷüڣЩֵȴ޼ɵֱӳƺΪЩˡ
Ҳƺӡȷʵ̫һЩЩ֪峤ʧ˶ٴΣҪ͸ġ
λ
ӣҲ¸ǣߵǸ֣ոɱλʥ
˻һȫԼţԾ



1795 ɽ
ûҳеһһ˵
һʱ䣬ž
ɫ죬оо裬ɻ󡭡
ȻƷ磬ѵϴĸ棬ʶĲˣ
죬Цһ˶ѣܲ뵽ҵŴȲɣ
ޱˣ峤ӣֻҪ뵽Ŵȣ۳ɼΣʸ롮ؾ
Ǹ˵ļһһλϣĪʦóϷĴڡ
æʼڡؾеĵѲסܣ
ձó
ٹʮ죬Ⱦͽʼƫƫʱһȫе뵽ŴȵĴȴϵҪ
ңһǿԮ
˭ܲ裿
Ȼģ˴֮εľ֣ƺӲһ峤֮ӣѪλ⡣
Щֵ̫⣬峤֮λͱãһֱڡ
Ȼ˳˵ЩĪд㣿
һ仰ĿԿ
ɫ̹ȻܲΪǣǸԮÿ˶ԣһǱڵľ޴вλΪأ
˽Եͷ
ˣ˵Լʵͼԣټλǰֻһ£֮ߵԮˣ
нһС
ͳֻҪն˴ˣ͵ڿ̣ͣǲ뵽ȺԺġؾУҲע޷ҵȾ
ܣôδЩ˰ɣƷü
Ȼ磬ǶԸһˣɲǶԸܣһ㣬ϣܷ
ǰ磬һ˶ѣҲֵϣֱ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ʱЦˣ֪Ѿ˵ˡ
ֻƷһ̾


տϴϣһұƿշɶݡ
뿴ǱǾŻɽҵʼ棬ڴɽ֤Ϊۣʱܾڴˡ
ϣƺָԶɫп
ЩΪӱӵ֮ڶһֱڵУ⻹Щһη塣
Ѱ̧ȥ
Զƽϣһۻɽεض̾ᣬڣϼ׳
ȷʵһõط
ѰԦھŻɽ֮ǰƮȻء
֣Ҹףұһʱ佫ڣ
ƺ˵ţѴѰһɽȥ
վס
ֺϵɽǰһӰֶһ꣬ɫư
Ͼţ
ƺüôҶ겻ţϵˣ
Ǻǡ
Ц磬ҶܸˣҲ֪ŴȾҪʼȽҪͷһ˵ȣԽֹڡ
ƺӵʱˣߵѰ
ɫϾţл磬͸Ͻÿ粻ӡ
Ӵô磬ôûһͿʼˣᣬֵܷˣ
һЦ𣬾ͼɽڣһڵһ
ôƣ
ƺһԼŸյִ̾ðôˣԷı
磬ⶼ⣿
ƺҧŭˡ
ܣŵ˵Ĳǻӭ֮ˣϿɲӭ
϶Ʒ俪ڡ
ƺŭգһһٵҪףҲô޻˵˽ľϣƺӾʹ˰ݣ
һž
ƺӵĸףϵ峤ƺͱȥȷ˵
ܣֱͿ
شȣѵֵģǰɱλӸλĳϣѾͨ׶֮ͽ˵ö֮㾹㽫壬ֱ
һ
ɲ»ãһ£ƺ۾ˣŭڣ
ƨ£Ǽ֣Ҫҳ⽫ҳˣ붯ϲĶ֣ûˣ
ȫ궯һӵɫã֮ǰɴû˵£Ƕ⡣
֪ڶȴɱ鷢
ƺ棬˾٣ɵڴ̵ĵߣ
һû뵽ƺʱҧһڣһʱҧ
ҪѪˣ
ŭ𣬡λҪԸģֵСӣûһϵ
ƺЦڵ飬Ϊο뿪ҳʱۿҺһߵģ·;ϣȴϲĽɱȴ˵ң˭ţ
һʱûðɡ
Ҳһ죬⻹Ǹѧ޴־ķ
֪ƺӣЩ˾èͲҺǶ졣
ڣǵһ㶼ˣһչ¶ǰδеǿӲ̬ȫϡ
һĻĻѰԿ۵ףûиеκ⡣
һԼʵЩӵܷǽ˴ƺӣ
ΪԼĳ֣Щӵܸܵвˡ
Ѱ˼
ò¾֪ɱΤ塢˵飬϶´Ϣ
Żᵱϣ֣֮ıǰһж
ߡѰ
һĬĬͷ
ǱֵСɱǣʵ಻ˣˣģȰֵģúһʲôʵ
ɫɭȻᡣ
㻹Ҫ֣
ƺŭɶ
⻹
Ѱһ̾ƺվһЩԷڳôƣĿװ֣
ɣ
Ц̧һӡ

һȺӰŮϢˣǿʢовٶʥڡ
ƺӴסˣЩӰУٶĳеŲͬҪְ
ԭǶѰźһС
ƺֻζըЩ˶Լʲôˣƾ׸ĸ
ֵģԼ־ܣ֣
Ŀ䣬Ѱϡ
Ҳɫơ
ѰɫȻ䣬Ҿ뿪ǿ϶ҲӦˡ
ĮȻɱ˲µλɱܣǰػģҵͽ뿪
ϻʲôϽɱˡ
϶ͷ
һ̣Ѱ̧ͷΡľŻɽȻЦˣֻЦȴС
ǵϣǰЩǣ˿ȴûһðͷġ
ǷζţҲĬǰһУ
Ҫ֣ȴ̤ȥ
Ҳһ̣ŭĵƺӣ˻𣬺ԥѰǰ


1796 ѪɫΪĻ׹·
ѰСۡƣעûá
ƺӿ峤֮ӣҲû赲˵ͼһƶѣҲעʲôô
ԭѰϣһۡλˣ˽һЩ顣
ɺȻ뿪ˡ
ΨһѰЩǣ⽣ŵʱ̣ƺӾԥصԼǰ
ѰЩ
ͬʱҲЩ⧲ͶƺôˣΪһ˾ҲҪˣ
һʱǡ
֣Ÿ֪϶鷢
ƺӴΡ
ΪԼǣѰ
㸸ǡ
ѰɣӣҺһ̳Ȩʸ񣬱ڶϵ˻ţкܶң֪ôģ
ƺһ
ȻشѰ˵ɱɱɱɨǰеϰ
ƺӵɫò
ѰɫƽȻҽֹɱôڣֻʣ·ѡˡ

ƺ̲סʡ
̳Ȩھ뿪
Ѱ
˻һ˽ɫ죬ˣǵȷٷѾ˼ƺӡ
ʱƺӣɫ粻
ãһЩұ̫͹ڦζҲƷˡ
˵¶Ȼ֮ɫĿ⿴ˣҧ˵һЩһɶҵˣȴûƺӷУҪɽ֮⣡
У޾ķŭǳΪ峤ⱲӶԭԼ
˵ɫ
ѰЦˣǾֻʣһ·ˡ
һӡ
ǰƺӣһȻĪЮһࡣ
㡭
ƺӴ㵡
ûǾ뿪ˣô˻ᣬұɨƽһЩϰ
˵Ѱ΢΢һЦտ
Բѣ֣
Ц´
䣡
Դһǿߣһ̺ԥˡ
ɱ
˴ӣ
ף쳹ʮ
ЩǿߣԶǾİţԾλʥǿΪףһھ۴ʥ
һƬض𵴣޹⡣
ôоǲ˴ƣȴֻԸһ۴ʥѣǲЩСˣ
̲ס
书һۣݲκʧ
ޱλˣɱڵλʥϣС
˴γֵЩǿߣֱЩ˸Ե֧ߡ
ʵϣĹȺÿһӵߣԻӵԼĸƾЩӵȥȨĵ̡
Ҳӵ֧Ϊ˽һԼʵѰһǿġԮ
һеĿģΪ峤֮λļ̳ʸ
ڳӵҲˡ
һϮȹѵߣҵҪһ۴ʥɱʥ
ֱ˿̣ϻᷢ˻Ƶ顣
ͬ뷨Ҳ

̸ʱսѱ
䣡
Աꡣ
һʥǵȳεȿɲ
ͼܻ֯ƥѤóʢƬضû
۴ʥѱŵøεѡ
ɴʱѰ˷ӭϡ
Ӱ飬ת˫иŰǽԪڵ¯
ȻǺ̩սѰñһԷѹ
ȻɱΤͲλʥѰҲֻ˶Уս
ȻðǡԪѰһʼ㲻ˣ
ն
һɫĻ䣬ɭɭ
ѰӽǽӳգײУ˺ѽĻ
ѵ
һɫɣкȻը
ݴ˽һʥ͵ؿѪ¶Ȼ֮ɫɲܣǽͨĴţֶ
ۣ
ѪٱŽ
λϵʥУǽɨкֱӻҽ
в궯֪پ
ԭѰս仳ɵһӵܣ˿̶ɴ۾嶼
һʥ
ҲûۼѰɱΤ塢˵һĻԭҲŽɡ
һжģ
ⲻ֪ðļһӵп羳նɱʥ֮
¡
УսڱѰ˫ֳֽݺսУѹҡ
ۡ
ƥƵĽ£Щʵֻо۴ʥǿߣ߹㱻ɱͷ䣬ɺѪˮ
ǵѪȵһĻĻֱף

Ƭ̣һλʥֵļУ˱һ롣
ǿֲ״˲
ܣ

ɶ񣡡
ɽǰһӵܣ޷ֵɫ䡣
ΪԸѰһ۴ʥȴڳ˴ƣδЩС
ڣǲᵽѰĿ¡
һλ۴ʥܹ羳ʥսѾƾ
Ѱǣֹǿ羳սУƿص֮ʥԵúܲݿɱ
ǵɱһĻֱһֲͷ
巢ܡ
û뵽ʵû뵽
ضѪɫ꣬ǳУ֡Ľ˷
˿̵Ѱ޵УǾķɣΪؼΨһ
ƺ촽ԡ
˵ǲ䣬һѾõͨȨĵ·ϣѪɫΪĻʬִڰ㣬ڳֹֻẮġ
ƺĬ
䣡
У쳹춯
һʥǰĻľ飬屻ƥĽѪĩ
ս񣬲ŲƬ̣ѾǱĵλʥ
ѳʧ̬ʧأȹϵһȺϣʧ롣
ϴǰ
ڣ˵ȴѪϣѪɱ¾
죬ȥд

¾ƣѵޱȵĵزٲֹնܻע޷Ĳغ
ɺܿ죬˾ŴϢˣɽеĻ֪˿޷ڴϢ
ʲô
ֱһǶɵˡ
ô
ΪλῪ޷Ϣ
¡
ԶѪսڳֻΧѰĵĿѾʼϡ
Ѫɵ˲֪ʬ
죬˻ɽţҾͲţЩǱһлɱ
˻Ŀѡ
˵ʱˣѾŹȣҲæˡ
ǺѰɱĶ֣һҲˣˣֻӴܣͲӲ
Ҫ׷ȥ𣿡
Ѱ䣬ͷԶƺӡ
£ѪɺӣʬۣǡԪϣʺѪʶ¡
ħ񣬰Ծ˼䣡


1797 ۲Ŵ̿
ѰĿ⣬ƺһ
صѪȣ͵һҧ֣ȡģҷģֳʲôػ֮ǣ
Ȼ
ߡ
ѰͷҲأԶɽȥ

ŻɽϣһϼƵľ޴ƽ̨ǰһ޴ĹĻӳŷɽһĻĻ
峤ΪҪ
ЩСɶɽ£
峤
ƽ̨ϣһڴۣһԲɫдŭ
ɽѪɱ¾̼۾ˡ
֮ǰЩСɽ⣬Ϊβֹ
̿ոڱĿȻڡ
ΰһϮۣ뷢īţѹǬִɽ֮
ǵ֮ƺӵĸף
һ۲Ŵԣͨ
ԣڳһϸ߲ɫһͣ뵽һ֪ðˣս׿
̿ͳЩǲĶӻͷһλȴЩС赲֮⣬׵Ķû˵ʲôôסˣ
һ뷢԰׵߽峤ҲˣǲƺӻؼңǸˣ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
̿մǷһĨŪλҪװͿˣŴϾҪʼΪһ峤̳Ȩ˶֮£ΪҲ
ɫЩڡ
أ̿ת磬ƺˣɨڳˣ
ǲҶȻǸҲܾ㱻۸ˣ⵱׵飿
ף쳹ɽƺ
һϵĴһ峤ƺϣȷʵĲԵĵط£ǻһ
˶٣Ҫǣһˣɽǰɱˣ̣
Ҳ׷׵ͷǺ޵ҧɱѰ
֪ΪҪ𣿡
̿պȻ
һ̲ס峤òΪ˻в壿
ֻǲǲ֡
̿ɫ⣬ƺӲ˻֮ǰЩɽĴҲᱻԲʡһЩ޳ܵ顣
һ仰̹֮ǡ
ڳһڴһ
ʶ̿վѾֻǣûʱһ˵ĳ֣зһЩĿꡣ
п϶ΪҶȷʲôʸ峤֮λ
̿Ŀ¿Ǿ޴ĹĻĻڣƺӺѰһʰ׶ϣ׷ɱЩ֡
ûע⵽һĻʱ̿ֳһĨο
ϧǴ֪ƺûΪ峤ϲЩСڶƫƫأЩжд̣þһֶγˮ
̿ȻǾãһѧ竵ˣܹΪһеһ̤۴ʥǿ𣿡
ƮڳУռžɫ粻
һУǱǱƵġ
̿䣬˵ҷøлǣЩȣƺ⺢Ǹ᷵壬μӴ˴Ŵȡ
ɫѿˡ
̿գ˺ܶˣýһˣ
أһǲϵ
˽Ծһѩ棡
ͼһ᾵Ӱƾո֣һϮۣݣۡ
ڳ޲
ѩ֣
еһλ꣬ձ֣̿ҲƶԷһ岮
̿üĬƬ̣Ҳá
´ܿ츲ھŻɽϵĻͱ
ڳ˽˿
ܣȥƺǹ
̿շԸ
á
һվƾŲƶȥ

ɽϡ
¶֮ɫһʧ롣
ѵҪϾɱ
ŭ
ԶѰƺɫĮⶼҵġ
Ѱ֡

ɽǰĻٿȻһҵĲʧ֮С
þˣ
ߣ
òֻӴܡ
ƺӣסְɡ
ڴʧͬʱһӰƾŲƶ
壿
ƺһ㶣ǿӰԪ׹ϵΪҪá
ԪЦľҺ㸸׶۵ףĲ
˵ţĿ⿴ѰüǷһĨɫСѣеǸһ⣿
Ѱü˵̶ַѨԵ
ԪЦƺӣ㽻˸ѡ߰ɣҪ㸸׵̫á
תȴ·
ͬʱƺӴ֣㾡ԷģƺӻҲȫ
ѰЦЦûж˵ʲô
ܿ죬һ˳һ޴ɽƽ̨ϣ̿ԼһڴǵȺš
ҲڣֻǵǿѰʱһ޵Ҫҧ顣
λǴⲣɽǰɱˣ
˶
ģ峤һĽ
һ
ף
ƺĿ⿴̿գҪ˵ʲô
̿ɫοͺã֮ǰ飬Ҷ۵ףиڣί
ƺӿůһ
ƺӵίҲᣬ峤ɱ־ǰδã
һվɫ
̿տڣȵȻɱˣ˫մȾ˵Ѫɱйҵͷ֮ޡ
ôӻţԺеͬοǣ
ϴҲ׷׿ڡ
ǶѰν֮ǣΪ֣ƺһΪǣҲϲᷢѪȵıʡ
һʱ䣬ѰٲȻΪʸ֮ģìͷָ
ɫƽ޶ãţӶǿѲ²⵽ˡ
ף˴֣Ǹ޷ˣѣҶϲӦ
ƺӼˣг
ƺӣɱ˵㻹Ҫάֱд˺ȳ⡣
ȴ̿ղŲæָѰȻӣ֮£˻һЩа࣬Ҫ𣬾ܳǡ
ƺһʱ׹ͷϲ֪ڰѰ
ѰҲаԸпƺӵ丸׵ֶΣֻҲ䵽زˡ
ֻǣ֮̿ڳ˽ɫһֲĻῴ̿շҪѰ
£뷴
Ѱȷʵɱ˺ܶˣ̿գ˭˵ʲô
ǣǸҸ̿λ峤Ÿɣ
һʱ䣬Щϴﶼըˣޱȣû뵽̿վôһ֡
ЩСɵۣ峤һ֣֮ҪЩࡱ
ôͳɰˣ
ԶһǾ֪˵ǿ϶ġ
ɴҲʶ峤Ҫסֵģ



1798 һ
̿ƮƮһ仰չ¶ֶȴǷΪƣΪꡣ
һʱ䣬˽
ɾڴʱѩֱ߳Ǻ֣һ֮ȴڴʱ̻һɱ˵ĳУܷڣ
Լǡ
Щﾫһ񣬳ûڣ¾ʹ˶ϣҵȽв

̿Ŀɨˣ³֣ţ
һŭӡ
̿ɫȻڣһ֮һˣԵ˵㡣

ѩ뷢ŭţ̿ô
̿գҪһУ
һɫɭ
գһȻѹޱȡ
ƺж
˶﹥ڦܵѹ֪ε֮
һ̣̿üͷ𣬳岮ҪΪ峤ͣ
ããã
ѩɫ࣬λǶѿ̿մ˾ٺ֮޴ҽ飬峤ְ񡣡
˻һȫԾ
һϴĿ˸опܣҲֻ
Ѱû뵽ϼһﾹ˺
ȴ̿ɫȻҵ峤ְ񣿼򵥣ֻҪʮλ岮Уг֮ͬ⣬̴̿ǵ峤ְ֮
̿գ˵ġ
ѩֺȻ¶һĨصЦݡ
̿ɫ͵һӿһĨõԤУѵ϶гıɣ
Ȼһ̾ͼѩ羪׵λ֮̿ǰıǶѿڣλ̬
һ仰ȫԾֻҪʶѩгı
ڳЩɫ죬нڷɿš
鷢̫ͻȻˣ˭Ҳû뵽ԭֻһ˵飬ᱻѩֽѣҪƶ̿峤֮λ
ֱ̫Ҫ죡
̿գǺʧͬѩֵĽ顣
һƾո֣һߡ
ͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣
ţ½һһӰ֣һЩ漶
һʱ䣬ѹ̡֣
ƺɫ䣬ֽű䣬п񺰣һ׼ıı
ѰԹһУҲпǰһĻĻֱǷƱá
Լֻʷᣬ䵱һӰˡ
Ҳͬ⡣
λ漶֣ͬ󣬳վѹõĻɽױ
Ѱ಻סϲãЦ̿ˣӴ˿ٲ峤
չأʮλϣֻҪͬ⣬̿ձ㽫ʧȥ峤ְ֮
ڣѾ
궯һϴɫ죬ţϲѵеֻ
̿գΪһصˣȴ峤ְ֮񣬰㡭οأ
˼Ц
һС˿̶εĸоһλ峤ְλ
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ס
ƺۿˡ
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ѩɫϣüһĨ⣬һε棬ڴ˿Ļ
ѩӮҡ
ֻ̿̾û뵽ǾҲ뵽УǲֹݲҶȡ峤֮λҲѲԸ̿峤
Ԫ˽Խ̿İ֣ۼͻѣԶŭѵ
Ǻǣ˵Ҳ٣ڣʱˡ
ѩЦĿ⿴ԶѰ
ڳҲȥɫȻ
ڣʧȥ̿ձӵˣʲô
˸棬ɱ
Ǹң
ƺӳ۾ͨ죬״񣬡Ըѣɱ˵
ֻǣȾٶУȴԵúͿЦ
¾ƶһʧƵƺӣʲôˣ
ƺӣ֮£Ҳ̣˴ⲣٸ㸸ˣ
ѩһӡ
䣡
һɿɲϯԶѰֶȥ
׼۾
Ѱһɫɺƽûκζǰ㾲š
ž
һǴĶ
Ѱԭأ
棬ѩȴһεİƺݺݳУһףͷɢ
Ӱһģڵأ֪һε֮
ȫ㵣Ŀ࣬ʲô
õϵһλ漶һλܾ֮ǰ׼۾ڣڳʱһƳϣ
Щ˼ϲãſϷĴǣһɫ䡣
˭֣
ڳ漶Ҳ޲ͷȻͫ
⡭
ļ٣ƺӶɵˣš
Ψ̿ղϵˣֻĲ
ĸˣ͵ϮϷ򣿡
ѩֱŭĿ֮£һƣȥǶ˲ɡ
ž
δ£ѩְһƣڱѪһݶţʹƺߡ
һΣȫѲ𾪣Ǿ㤣
֪سһλ׼۵Ķ⣬Ҳ̫ˡ
˭
ѩŭɶҪˣһ˺ͷҡ
ৣ
ڳ漶жѩǰɲ
ǵϵĵ̣ܾڴˣɴʱ˾㤺˵飬ҲЩë
ڳˣѳɵۣǣëȻ
ۣͳ
һƬžУһۺըףòǰֱðǣѹÿѪ
һЩ漶Уֱܵɲѹ
һɿֲޱߵȫðѩڵλ漶ڵء
ȫԼš
ÿ˶۾ǡ
ҲڴʱзһߵӰƾո֣뷢ڣտȻӰƵģ޸ߴ֮С
ǡ
˺һϣλߣƾС֮С
ͷ·ؼΨһףϣ
Сѣû뵽ط꣬ȴ㿴һЦ
߸һ֣ͽĿ⿴ԶѰһĿЦ
ڳһЩѲ²ݵĴ˿嶼ͷκˡ
ѰЦЦǰҿҲû뵽
̾ŲңЩ󱲡ԽԽˡ
ʱ̿һǰȻФ̿գݼ棡
ڳԭ;ɲŽɵˣһ׻
棡
ԭԭ˼һˣ
ֲãܹϢУѩֵĶ⣬ֲܽһ漶ѹء
棬ѩЩ׼ۣҲֻСͲģ
ͨͨ
ͼѩֵһŵ̱ڵأڶ¡
ԭǻ߷ѵŭޱߣɴʱҲʶ˭ˣһֱֵ̼̿˼¡



1799 ۶

ʷҫ۵ĵ۾֮һڸǧ꣬˷Ϊۡ
޿Ҳһָĵ۾
ѩЩˣĿ֪ܲԼλڣ
ֻǣǸû뵽ʧ˲֪棬ڴ˿̳ڣ
ƺӿڸǣԼλڣԭѾȺ
̲סѰһֲۣ֮ǰ򶨣֪Щɣ
ƺӣ档
̿մ
ƺ͵ѹæǰڵأФƺӣ档
ФԪ档
Ф
һʱ䣬ڳһϴԼһСԴżڵء
УֻʣѰ͵˻ţһʱǼžׯޱȡ
ǵ۾ɣ
ľˣŻɽǵӣҪЩСȺ湻Ƶġ
Į쳹С
ʲô
СӾġˣ
ѩֵλ׼۾һ׻Ƶģɫɷס
ԴҲû뵽Ѱһ۴ʥԼӵ˴ԨԴ
ƺףΪѰӵһˣԭһﾹȹ桭
̿յ˶ͷ𵴡
棬ҵȸ֪£
ѩֱڡ
ǰ֪λСˣǸӣҲϲ˺Ϳ顣
濪
Ҳ׷׳ΪԼѡ
ɫ䵭һӡ
䣡
ѩֵλ׼ۣһ˲ͱ
桭
ѩǴ󾪣ð
ڳϴ޲ɫ䣬ͷ㷡
ΪȨֵڣټҵպǻڶֲ֮ɡ
Խ𣬽ѹء֮һǧ꣬
£ѩֵ˼
֮
ǿ˵ĵطڤ𣬱ѹУȻ׼۾ΪҲ޾ĥͼ尾
ҵȡл濪
죬ѩֵ˲ſڣʧǣҡ
һ۶ȨжѾɹΪĳ֣һжˡ
һ֣ѩֵƾʧŲ뿪ѹ
أ֪
Ŀ⿴ڳϴ
֪֪
濪ҵʼգӲɳԲס顣
ЩϴҲ׻ˣѩǿɶ׼۾ڣֱӾͱѹһǧꡣ
ĳͷǶ
̿գ
̾һЩɺ
˭Լ˲¶еĺʧ
淨
̿Ȼ
СѣߣȥȾơ
˵ţۻӶѰһƾʧƬƽ̨֮ϡ
ֱ뿪˲γѰ㳤˿
ٿ̿ʱǵɫѾøޱȡ
̲ס峤淵֮£Ϊζû˵
ֻҪ۾Ϲ֪ܿ̿淵飬ȴһֱţǶԴһŲ֪
⡣
̿һ仰˽ȻٲԸʱҲҸ̿նԿ
Ȼ뵽֮£̿峤֮λι̣˿ɺ
ڵ죬̿峤ֶΣһϴ
һʱ䣬Ļ̻̣ɹ
ֻһжѾѰ޹ء

һСؾڡ
СѣɣֵطֱʱбԤУ֮飬ն̤ǿչŵ֮ϡ
Ϫﻨ㣬һʯǰѰ͵ƽ̸
ԶϪˮ֮ϣϥ
ơ
ٱ
ѰЦ֮⻹һκһλ۾һơ
ǰҴ˴ǰһЩҪ̡Ѱ˵
Ц̿ɲҵ
ǵãѰͽһ龰Ҳ֪Ѱһյ޾̵ƣŲ˼á
Ѱɻ˵
֪޲ԣ޲ĶѰĵ㲦
Ѱ֪֮磬λǿе֮أǰУֻнһ
˵ġɴ硱ڣһ̾С
ҲζţѰǰ֮磬ֻȵִɴ硱
Żսҵ˵̫ʱһӹŻǰǿչŵϵĵ۾һγһսˣΪǶԿһЩǿĵͳ
ⶼ̫ʱˣҪѰҹڹŻս˵ȥڡһ⡣
˵⣬Ѱһ
Ż󣬾ͺ͡ڡһС
һ᰽죬ڴһǰŻΪԾѣǰһμӡɻᡱ
ͬҲںɴڡ
Ц˵֮ҪѰһ磬Ϊ˴̽͹Żս˵ǰɴעˡ
Ѱɫ
ֹЩУʦһöҪ彪֮ˡȸ
ȸ˭Ѱ֪
֪彪ϺὪ޿УڣͬҲںɴ磡
ֻǰһˡ
һ̣Ѱϡ
ǿչŵ̫嫣ֲŲ֪ٵ磬̽ЩϢ֪̽ѰЩ
ܿ죬Ѱڰ顣
һλ۾ڣڰʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Сѣڰ类֮ء֮򡯣بǰһֱӴȰ㻹ĪҪȥӴȥǵطǵ۾ﶼ١
ѰĿЩҲӴԵزؽ硢չڵɱ֣ǵȷʵܹأƺԤǰ
ҡͷֻ֤ɱʵ㣬ڰͷ¡
СѣһҪסڰϵĿ꣬ǱɱⱲӶ޷ǵľ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ãڰĵ۾Ҳö֮سǿչŵϣЩڰеĴۣ䲻˼ǿ󣬿վù⣬һ֣ػһʱ䱻ǿչŵϵĴ߶ϡ
˵⣬ɫ䷺һĨɫǿչŵһֱתһ仰½ԵУ޿ˣڰ磬Ļ·
ѰһЦһ죬ȥһԡ
ȻûǲҪԣڰҶ׶ޱȣҪɴס
һһ̸߽ѰУҲ˽йǿչŵš
磬尴յ̵Ĳ̫ͬŵ塢Ϲŵ塢Լ塣
ϣһϹŵ塱
Уӵзţ̫ʱӴĵʮ֮ࡣ
Щɶ̫ŵ壡
磬ͥУơġǬħ֮ͥ⣬صһͳ
Ԫ



1800 һŽԴۣһԪ
ԪȡڣԪ֮⣬ʮ㡣
ɰ˵ԪͥͥΪ͵صһ
һͥд䣬ڣϴ޵ߣٻͥ
Ѱ⾪ȣԪͥô궼伣ỹܹ֮ͥУ
пΪֻе۾֪ԪͥǺεһǿڡ
УԪͥڣ˼٣ÿһӵе۾Ϊ
һ仰ʯ쾪Ѱ㲻š
һŽԴۣһԪ仰ѱ֤
Ҳ̫˼ˡ
Ѱ
ЦǹԪͥϡٵԭǶһЩˣעܶΪ۾
ѰȻ
ԪͥҲںɴ磿̲סʡ
ͷԣͥһԪ֪ͥɽ֮ء϶ԣԪ֮ͥ硢ڰ綼ҪһЩ
˵⣬пһŽԴۣȴƫƫ˵͵ҲΪǿչŵһţ֪ԪͥΪҪô
һλ۾ڣ˸п֪ԪͥǺεء
˺ܾãѰҲһЩ顣
بǿչŵϷʱڡ
̫šϹš
̫ʱ֮ǰΪʱڡ
̫ʱڴʮ֮꣬Ϲʱڡ
Ϲʱ񣬱ΪҲѹȥ˽ʮꡭ
СʱȻһ˵ܾ֮ǰƵͥеһλݣÿʮ꣬¾ͻ츲صľ䣬¾ɸֻأδ֮֡
̫ʱڽʱʮսǿչŵԺ󣬱뵽Ϲʱ
ˣŻԭΪԴ֮أҲʮսӴ˳û䡣
⣬Ѱ͵һ
ʮս
ټŻ򣬾սû䣿
Ѱһ˲ڹŻϵġɵ١
ն֮٣ùŻʧȥ֤Ϊ۵Ļᡣ
֮٣ùŻ飬ʧȥ̽Ѱĵ·Ż绯һ
֮٣ùŻʧȥ˾۵;
ɽѣһؼϹʱһֱڹŻ֮ϣֱ
ɣֵصʱѰͽĹй֮ٵ顣
Ѱǵãԣ̫ʱ֮ΪιŻᱻ֮٣ܼ򵥣֮Դͬһ־򣬶һ־Դͬһλˣ
ʱѰ͸е㤡
˭
ӵкεȿֲԼ֮־֮٣Ż
ңһֱ˹Ż£
ֲ̫
˵ܹ˴֮ˣڵ۾пɳȴڣԴɳ𡯡
ҲʱѰ֪ɱɼʥɮͺڻʥĽλ𡱡
һؿݽľӡһɽͬҲλ𡱣
ʱһѰоͱһ㴰ֽԼˡ
̫ʱĩڣġʮսùŻʹû䣬Ӵ˽Ϲʱ
ͬҲʱɵ˹ŻһֱӴ浽
Ʋ⣬ɵٵˣǽƾһ־ѹŻµġ𡱣뵽һʮսУ
ԭˡԭˡ
Ѱˡ
Ȼûʶһ仰Ѱ뵽˶顣
ϹʱĽΪһڵ۵սʮսһʱ𣬱˵
Ѱͷ
˽ڵ۵սʦָ豺һЩɽˣ뵽һսС
ոʦֵ˵һͳ֮Ļǣ临ӡ
ˣѰ̫šϹšʱλֵģÿһʱĻǰʮµĸһµĵսĻ
̫ʮս
Ϲڵ۵ս
ǰղ˵ÿʮ꣬±з츲֮䣬ֻأ¾ɸѰһ
ͷɫĪ಻һǧʱ䣬ʮˡСѾãʱ񻹻ơʮսڵ۵սĴս
Ѱ𵴣ɫ𲻶
һǧ󣬵Ӵʮꣿ
ȻֻҵһЩ²⣬Ƶͥλݵ飬һж˵
˵
˵ţٴξٱѰ
ЩʲôСѣȻˣයһЩʱ䣬ҹ㼴ƾµһ׮Եʺ㡣
ѰһԵ
ٹһ£ؾ㽫ʱ޿УŴĶԻΪģᡮؾдŵһ׮ʥйصĻԵ


1801 ֮
һ׮Եʥйأ
Ѱԣȴ̸жදġ
ֻһԼ;ƾϣʲôԵ
ƿѰ˼һ׮Եʼ桮ۡԵ֮أʡŶ֣֮ͽߣԿɻþŶ֮֮򡯡
СѣΪƾǣɸԼĵ֮ǹ
һѰĶ
ʥִƵ֮һʩչ磬Եɱʱ֮򣬾绯ףޱȡ
ڵ֮ѰĿǰǷȱġ
Ѱǰͽ̡
򣬾磬֮򣬱ƿصĴܻΪĹ
ұУǬյĿıƿع򣬻Ϊã֮ɴ˶
˵֮С޵ƿصĴйء
ƿشƷԽߣ֮Խǿ
һǣʥƿصġ֮򡱣ҪѹѰʥġ֮һ
ͬɾʥƿصġ֮֮䣬ĴСҲǲͬġ
С뿴
˵ţһ
Ѱǰһʱһޱȵġ֮УɽççľިȻ
һ֮򣬼ֱһС綼ûʲô
ֻҪתɽữĴɱ֡
ʱԶããɽٿȻˣһبĵ棬âɣâǬ
ϼľءӰԿɻΪ֮Ϊá
֮ڴұתΪΪִ𣡡
£Сĵ֮ʧ
Ѱȴ޷ƽ
ǰѹ̩ɱΤ塢塭Ҳʶյĵ֮
Ǻһȣ̩ǵĵ֮򣬼ֱǧٿ׵éƵġ
ڣСٿ
˵ţ̽һָָٿȻһѤĵ⡣
ѰĿ⿴ȥָһĨѣȴӯУܻ
֮򣬲ֹǿɱ֣ھͶ֮䣬սʱȭָӡʩչεսţԿڽ֮С
һλںܾ֮ǰ˸ǿյġۡ
ָ㣬ѰҲǻǳ̵˽⵽˵֮İء
ȵ㲦ҵҲûʲô
ӵʥּ֮߾۵;ƾؿɾʥ֮ΨһҪǵģǸԼĵ֮򡣡
ԣҲŽǰؾһ⣬еġŶ֣֮ʼۺʹ֮Ųɹ洦
ˣѰȻӦʣлǰЯ
ЦԾơ
ѰھŻɽס£ż̸۵ඥ֮С
Ҳָ㣬νǽԼ·ϵ򣬽ڡ
Ѱϲǣԭΰѡһ֪ºֱİ壬С
ǿյġۡӦԼУﶼеޱȵ;ϲ

ʱһһš
ڣ̿յĴ֮£ѻȻһ£ȶ
̿ղûгô˻ᣬƺӷ峤֮λѡȣԴɸѡѡκϸ峤ѡ
˽˿
Ļ
ѰҲǰܵڳ˵
УֵԨˣĪ֮ԨԴ˭ҽѰ˿

Ļӱ
ֱһϴƷ硢϶Լƺӡ
ƺӵı֣ȫϴ˵ϡ
ʶЩﱻѧ竰ƺӣżǿս
ҲӦ丸̿յ˵һֺеķɿܳΪһеһΪ۴ʥǿߣ
һֱƺӵûгŴϡ
ԭܼ򵥣֣ѰӵһѰƺӣ̿պԥⱲǶ޳ͷ֮գ
Ҳǵ죬̿ºƺӡƷ硢ˣѰһǰؾ

硣
һʱһҲǷӿһнΪؾͽٴο
һΣ޿ڣڵľŴ綥Ի뵽һʢС
ಣ
һұӿգѰƺӵˣԶȥ
ؾλھݺӸһƬذ򣬳Ŵ񷵹µĺ
Ѱʱ򣬾ʥҲ׿
ؾʱǸھݺϵĺɢӿֳؾڡ
ؾʼΪλŴǿ߽ԲУ
ϣѰЩ档
ҵʼ桮ۡŶ۱ʱŸĻ編ʱ۱ŵὫؾŴ翪ţԵ̽Ѱ컯
ƺӷɿһ
ѰŻȻ

һ˳ִݺ֮ǰ
¡¡
ݴӣ϶˻ϿգɢεΪ׳ۣҲޱȿ¡
Ѱһеִʱ޵߳֡
ӵˣ
ƺӣ¸竾Ҳˣһ𣿡
Ѱһˣһ궯˶ЦΪƺ竡
Ѱİʽ
ƺԵúƵᣬ֣ЩļһҸطһؾڿ໹Ҫ졣
£˸λ㡣
ˣ
һն
УԼһӰͨƣüëͷ˿ǳɫ˫ȶʹĻꡣ
˸һ٣ǵصѹͳȫնŤݡ
ǻڤĳӣ˵츳ݣ˻ڤ۴ʥеĵһˣ
˳Ծ
û뵽Ҳˣ˵ǰǿմʥ󣬳ڵʮλ䶯޿򡣡
˵궯

һòӺͼӱĶ֣
ƺӡƷ硢Զݣ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ܹǿմʥǰٵģ޿ϵУҲǷëǰĴڡ
ѰƤû̧һ¡
֮ʱɱ֪ȳӸǰľ۴ʥŲġ㡭ȵȣĻὫֽɫУ
ۣȻѰԼԸҲòһʵ
Ǿǿվ۴ʥϣһ


1802 £񣬵Ǹ
ӣֻдһѣΪҪǶأ
ڳӸյִﲻãһѩ𣬽ţһͨɫɴȹ֬Ůƿն
ˮ磬ͬ޵ˮƣ
˾
ͬ޵Уˮľ۴ʥУѹͬ޿ƥУΨˣơ
ƺǶ಻ѣеˮƺͳӣ¶֮ɫ
춯أѹ˴ˮȴѷɫ֮д裡
һȣҲŷʲô졣
ƷȻ
ͬΪ۴ʥǳӡˮƾǶֻ
ȣʲô
ƺӺȻ
һʱ䣬ƷɫһͣǾˣλһɱʥɫ
ӡˮƵĵֻǿʼ
ʱƣһλλ޿ľԲͬĴ磬߲ٶӺǿߣӳĵ¡
确ġ꺱Ľţ
Ǵ确Ҷս˵һʥ컯ս
确Фɡ
ݺ֮ϣδ֣Щ콾ǳŲͬâоŮ˸
ͬҲԴķһ诽Ĵ˵ȵȡ
ƺǵɫҲԽԽأеѹ
ΨѰ۹۱ǱǹģԳгֵһλλҫ޶ãʼնƽ
ƺӣ㾹֣
أԶһȺΪ׵һһŮһϮۣüĿǱãһͷѰ֮
ŮһϮīȹѣ徧Өڷ٣Ӿ
ڵģŮӡ
ڵŰݣ
ԭŰݣ洫һˣĴ۽֮һ
Ⱥһ궯ϳһһŮݡ
룿
ͬʱѰʱһԶļһ˺ٺĻԼԶĽ㣬롣
Ѱ֪ƺһǰ磬ΪľǸԶԴȡĺøС
֮ƺӾĿ׷ߡ
Ѱ̧ۿȥɫǼڣɴʱüҼű֮ɫһʦļơ
ʦãʦ֣Ҳˡ
ƺӴк
Ҫ׽
ǳ⣬ѵ˰㣬㣬ҵܵأ˵Ҫ磬أ
ƺɫһͣ͵ʦã˵ǵܵ飬һλˡ
˵꣬ͱϣü䣬˵ҵܵ飿ƺӣڵӺܴ󰡣
Ǻǡ
ԱߵŰЦŲмʦãͲί£һ竣Ŀοˣ
ǰƺӿ϶ˣᷴЦ͡
Դʺƺϴĸ棬ʱͱʣзһ˵
ԼϲһŮˣֱϹۣ
ʦãϣҲƽϣǰϲ㣬Żǧ˳ãڡעִ磡
ƺ俪ڡ
ʱס⻹ǸԼƴӣ֮֮ȥƺӣ
ЩʱҸԼ죿
ࡣ
ƺʦܣ
ŰվδҲ̫֣ϽʦõǸ
УĵλɱƺˣҲƺ竡
ʶʱ
ƺ͵һЦŰݣʲôʲôʸҵǸ
㡭󵨣
Űɫһ
һڵǿ߶סΪƺӷˣŰ˵
ƺɫȻ˵ˣҵһܴ󡣡
ãܺãұţ֪ģ·ϵĿͽ
Ű˵ţӰһչһư
ڳ޵ߺ֮࣬ԾŴĶԻڴˣĿ֮£ƺӵĶײŰ涼Ҳס
ң
ƷŭôƺҲӵܣܾ㱻۸
ֻ֣һͻأس֣ɽХɢѹȵ˺һϡ
һʥ
ͷ𺧡
ŰһƣѳƺɱӿԵնѹȵݺ
ƺͫŰݵǿ󣬵ڵһ洫˵
ͬβƺӳ֣һֻ𪡢޳Ĵͻأ֣һӡ
飡
ŰĵˣǻѹòѪ
һ𶯣Χ߽¶֮ɫĿ⿴˲֪ʱѳƺǰѰϡ
һ˭ܺŰݣ
ʲôʱϳһɫ
۷׷ס
ŰһſĿ˸ǺˣҲҵڲ飿
£񣬵ǸѰ
һ仰֣쳹Űݡȵڴ˶УǽԶȻŭ
һͽ
赲Ʒ硢ǰĻߣжâ

Űŭڡ
õ洫һˣܻᵱڸ˹صǸѰ˻׼ŭ
ɲŰںתֻϵ磬쳹Ƴ
˿̣Ŀⶼˢˢ
ȴѰԲֻһֻ֣һ
䣡
һɿֲ͵ɢԶɽѹŰϣҪѹ¹
Ű۹ĵӿԿ󣬼һͷ͵𣬻һڵ
Ԫ
ƣ
ŰݴεĴ󶦷⣬
һ۴ʥΪټ츳ݣ壬һսޱǿ
ɳϡ
Ԫֻ䣬ͺȻ飬ѹȶ£顣
һ֫ſأֹʺͣͶء
һƣѹڵһ洫
⡭
ڳˣһŰݿǴĴ۽֮һ£䲻ӡˮЩ˸޿ľҲͬеĶ̳ױѹˣ

Ű˻Ǻ죬߷
ֻǣƾҲ޼£ٱѹȣ˶¡һǶڴϡ
ȫžһ£Щڴ˶ʧȻɫ䣬ôܣ
ɴ۾ţڣŵˡ
ΨƺӡƷ硢˺ƽǿɶʶѰֻͣѹһŰݶѣ㲻ʲô¡
ſңҵڱţ
Ű˻
лȴвң
Ѱһ䣬£ֻžһ죬ŰݷУ֫ǶѣѪѪģ
ס֣
һϵ֮ǰƷ硢ǰĻٿȻһָ罣նѰ
һʥ֣ǵԶѰɱȡ
ֻǣ˶ΪѰҪôᱻѹҪôѡʱϵһĻˡ
վԭأ˿һ̽һ


1803 
䣡
춯ذײ
ѰӰȻɱĻ߾ӰһΣסӰ
ȫΪ֮ͫš
ȻǳӡˮƵȾ˿̶¶֮ɫ
֮ͬҲܹѹŰݣǿ羳ʥԾЩˡ
һ۴ʥܹһʥӲһǣԵ̫ˡ
˭
Ϊǰû˵о
ϼһٲʶȤɱºˡ
Ѱ䵭
˴ƺӣҲΪܴܵĶ飬ڣԲƺӱ۸
ɫһһϣΣһŰݣ¾ʹ˽ҹ
ȵǸٷˡ
ѰȻ
㡭
ŭ۹ĵһ͵Ʊǣ޵ߺΪ֮һ
ʥ֮
뿴ͼ
Ѱ˵ָ⡣
ɽХѹ嵽Ѱϣȴɽڣ½Ƕûд
ѹڵϵŰܵǰֱðǣ˶бĸо
޵߶޷ƽˣڴڣ˭͵ڵĸ˶Կв
Ψƺкɻ̩Ϸźû˵Ѱѹ
ĻĻеӺѰԿֱǻͷˡ
ҡǸ
˿̣Űȿˣͷĸо̼ﻹ˵ʲô棿
߳һ̾
ЩǿһҲ¶߷֮ɫŰݵĵͷҲо޹⡣
֪ܸģĪɣϣܼסѵ´ǵңɾûˡ
Ѱһ̧Űɴգжشɽڴ˲ٲҶҲû⡣
ˣѵǼסˣ
ߣɫ
ѰЦЦ벻⡣
Լͳ̬ȣºֲ֣Ǵʿɱһ֮ǡ
ɴ˿̲һ߻ƺӣ߿ǵڴˣɱŰݺߣػǣ۵ƺӡ
ĿŰݡ˻뿪ƺҲǳޱȡ
ڳ޵ٿѰһʱĿǱú֮ǰͬˡ
ǿѰʱ˶Ѵϼɵ֮ɫ
ȻԳӡˮȾԣѰĴڣ޷вǡ
һΪս֮ͬڼ޵УΪߣԸʥǿߣл͡
Ѱǣ˶ѣҶһɫľ۴ʥϣҲ̸ʲôв

ûãݺϸǵĺʼȥǴϿգֳһؾŻ
ߣ
ж
޵ߵһʱ˹ȥЩ⣬Ѱ޵Ҳж
䲻ʲô컯ܼһЩҩһıҲǲСջ
֣Ҳʼжɣ
ƺĿ⿴Ѱ
ߡ
Ѱͷһ˳С

ؾϵɽϻֳһԭʼçĵ
ಣ
ؼ䣬ѤõĶݹɳۣеݣеĽ̤ɽеļԦ
飬ɷ׳ۡ
ѰƺǷɶУͲۡ
֣ʼĻԵ֮أλڡŶɽǵٶȣգɵִ
·ϣƺӷɿܣǵطһܹ룬мµĽ
һԣͼıŶɽеĻԵ߱ػеʦ򣬼׻ᱻС
һ̸߽һ߷ɿǰС
ؾܴһ磬һ·ϻѰ޵ߣʱܿһӿգһȥ
ɱ
·;ϣսɱ֣еΪؾеľҩеΪһЩɢɽӼű
ȻҲɱ˶ᱦ֣Ҳ
ɱ˷ŻŲ·ʬ
ѰٻԵֱɱ˶ᱦַʽ򵥴ֱҲֱۡ
һ·ϣѰǵûʲô۵ĽɫĿȷ;ϴڵԵֱŶɽȥ
ֱ·;ܼ޵ԽԽˣ޵ߣٶһĴɴˡ
պѰڵִŶɽ
ԶԶһɽεضŹͨ󶦣𺳰Ӿ
ʱǾŶɽǰһȺ޵߻ۡ
ɽоŸɽغĵ·ÿһ·ԸпµĽ󡣡
ƺָԶ뿴ǡŶ֣֮ʼۣѼŴĻ籾ԴڴŶ۱Ҳͳ½֪컯֮ء
ܹߣлƾϣΪʥĻᡣңзֲĻ籾Դ򣬶ۺʹ֮ҲŲɹ洦
Ѱ˵ͷǱ㿪ʼжɡ
ʶɢע⵽ԾŴĶѾչжӲͬķǸſ½ƵľŶ֮ɽڡ
УгӡˮơġҶսФɵȵȼҫ۵ĸ
ͬѰҲע⵽ŰݡһˣҲѽС
ֻɲǰ򵥵飬ҪǾŶ֮ɽĸأҲ˭ܰ쵽
֣Ǵ룿
ƺ̲סʣǺѰͬһλʦұ֮Īʦ
ίһ¡
Ѱ˵ţһӣƺŲƵ˴ڡ
ৣ
ɣҲûѡʲô򣬱ֱԶľŶ֮ɽ

һ룬Ѱ͸оʱյתǬߵŶ֮ɽ绯һƬãã硣
ǵصĺˮӿЩˮȻɿɲĽ
Ȼ򵥡
Ѱ˿̲ףŶɽĽΪλ̸ɫ䡣
ǿɲĺˮɱʥڣȻǾ۴ʥðȻ룬Ҳעһ
ѰʶɢƬأܵƬһεĵƽתƥɱķ
һǿϢƬ粻ͬмǰš
ȻЩǺѰһӲͬƬľ
ǲΪӪСģʥţɵʦţƬ֮ȥ
ѰûĴ㣬ҲٱӴʶɢ˲ͶϤһƽİء
ֱӳ𣬻һ貵磬Ƭɽȥ
ѾܵһĻ籾ԴϢ
¡¡
ؼ䣬һõʦٴеĽƴѰǰȴͬ衣
ǰУһ֮ըװĲ֮þò
ԶԶһǡһ磬ܼ֯Ľƹ֮ڵشǰС
һ̡
һǿߣԱˣע⵽һնȥӰ
˭˺ֱײӻòͷˣ
֪˵ΪĿ࣬㶼Լ۾


1804 
ŶǿߣĸСΪӪ´֮֡
ȴţӽֱӴ룬ò˶ܻ
Ծ
Ѱһûκӹһصƽʱѿʼɫ䡣
ɶĸ쵰Ҫ𣿡
ɫļ٣죬ȫ󣬾һЩҲ뾡ȥ
ʼߴߵĵʦͬʱͰԼһжʥһ𣬿ʼƽ
֪ŶɽصĴԵλƸǵ֮ء
̱ͷ
ıƻȫǰ
죡
ѻķȫó󣡡
ͬʱǵ粻ͬڣˮơġҶսФɵȵȾʶƵϾʼȫ
еļ顢ɫɫĿޣƴſڶ࣬ȫǰС
еļĲľ֮˲֦Ҷְ㣬ӿͬ
еļ桭
еʹһЩлӢ鿪·
ֶΣԱʩչ
ȻЩԾŴĶбΪ˴ж׼
˭Ҳ׷һԵ˵ǶԴ˴ж־ڱصã
죬һҪ죡
ټĽڣһεĽױ
ǵ֮أһΡаɸߣͨԻͭͻʹ
ǰһεӰֶڷƮ΢΢̧ףϵͭ
Ѱһִˡ
Žգϱ׭޳㡢ǳһӿĺϯɽ֮䡭
һΰӰǺ֮ϣŶѹⷽľŸλ
ĪǾʼ桰ۡ
Ѱ˵ϵʷ׷ݵϹųڣҲ̫ʱ֮
ʶһʵġϹŵ塱
λۣȻϹų֤һλ
ߢŴĻ籾ԴλھݺеؾŶ۱
£ͭϣֳһ棬ȻѰ档
ûãѰһӡ
ƺӡƷ硢˵ӰֳУϵͭ߽¶֮ɫ
񹬣
ʼĻԵ֮أ
ֻǣŹȥãѰôִˣ
ѰʶӦһЩʷйأǲһ
²ⲻУڵĻԵҪģɶЩϺԣܷһŻиʼġ۾ŶˮͼزأҪġ
ƺӲ䣬͸¶һ
Ʒ硢нһţΨѰҲԴ˶ģǿɾͲðˡ
ѰƳǶһۣҪס
һΣڨڨѡ
쿪ʼɣҪ˷ʱ䡣
Ѱûж˵ʲôת񹬣ԶǱǵ硣
ƺҲ֪ʱȣת崫Уĸ
ţ
ûãԶзһ󲨶һȺӰΪ׵ĺȻˮˮһˡ
ڲԶѰԼƺӵʱˮüһ壬ղǸֱײӰ㣿
Ѱӡ̡
ھݺ֮⣬ѰһѹŰݣһʥӲһǶ·磬Ҳܶݡ
ֻˮȴû뵽ղһգشеӰѰ
ȫϡ
ѰһۣλʥһʦԼˮڵλ۴ʥ
ѰԴǳ˽⣬һ֧ѾǿԺһ
ˮȻڣλǷǳʲô鷳ùԹԵһߡ
У޵в
ƺһţû뵽־ô͵ִһʱĿ⿴Ѱ
ѰͷҲأڣ飬רĲǡ
ҪƲԳԷˣ
ˮһ䡣
Ϊˮġͬ޵СʱǹȺ֡
Ѱ˿̵̬ȣܲһѵûƾһˣܵסһ˵Ĳ
С㣬ʱȣжˡ
ˮߵһڣ¶εɱ
ɾڴʱԶƴһҵ죬ţһ˳
Ϊ׵Ӱ費棬Ӱ޳һ˸ɢĻơ
ӣ
һҲˡ
ǻٶЩǱȻʱ˲СĿͷ
һ˵ơ
ˡ
ˮĿؿѰһۣɱȻ仯һˡ
Ѱǣӵ˲ӵĴС
ȻԲͬĴ磬ˮҲ˵ΰʳȺڤ۴ʥеĵһˡ
ৣ
һĨˮƵĽӰˮ󣬽٣âɬָյִĳӡ
ߣ磬úд裬ɲҾ㣡
ͫһҲע⵽ѰˣֱӾͺˣȻˮƵ뷨һΪѰв
䣡
һ̧֣һ˻սìֶϼڣϢˡ
ͬʱߵǿߺˮߵǿߣҲԴԼս⡣
ţ
ѰԼƺӵˣʽˡ
һսδΪԶУ½һһľҲ
һӰص꣬ţ֭ͭҺƵģɢɲѪġ
һ˲Ӻˮͫ׽һУǿ¶ֵĳ嶯¾ƣѲݣ㶦
ܿƱٶһ䡣
Ǵ磬Ҷս
磬Фɡ
һԲͬľߵӳһʱ䣬֮ǰ콾ƼȺ۲ƷƱá
ڴ˿̻޷ֳʤ
һսì
ˮߣĽӰʧ
ղˣ㣿
Ŀ磬ԶѰ֮
ҲĿ⿴ȥɫơ
֮ǰЩ˴Ӳͬ·Ǹǽ磬˴֮棬̸϶༤ңһж
Ѱĳ֣һ̶ˮһʯǵһмƻ
ңΪȫٵִһ·ǻ٣ܵʧһЩǿ߱ﱻ٣һЩǿ߸ˡ
һЩǿֱӳ
нޱŭܲʹ죬ԭ˽֣Ŀܻʧ
һʱ䣬ѹ֣ڳȺ۵ìͷָѰһˡ
һ̣Ѱɾţ·⣬ɫûз˿仯
˭ǣΪƺӵ˻
ô˵ղؽкֱײͦ𣿡䡣
ֻǣͱ˵ʣѰûᣬǰվţһɶڳ޶õ̬


1805 
ٴαӣ˶Щ⡣
һ۴ʥ۴ʥһжǰһˡ
ľڣѰ߲ʥ
ƫƫأѰһˣֳһ򵱹ءļƣԵǰ޿֣ڳܲ⣿
ǲ֪ΪԵҪˣ
һעҪˡ
Զ֪ʱ𣬵ڵŰݡһҲˣŶԵȺ֮ǰѰ¶̹ǵĺ⡣
Ȼһ̾бʷ
֪ĶҼʻҲᣬǾ·
ߣһλߣ˫צһɫķָʢĿ͵ץѰ
֮򡪡Ԫָ硱
λߵߣȻһλʥڣһ֣չֲֳ˵ơ
أ
ͼɫָץȿͱѰһ䣬Ȼ顣
ţ
ͫһ
ڳﶼǸĿεһ˲ͿӲ£Ѱ֮
ܣ
ǽţ֪Уǿչŵܹ羳ʥսģֻλǿմʥǰľܰ쵽
ǻû˵кʱ߳һľ̫ˡ
ҲֻǾȣ£ΪĶĿܻ˶η塣
δֵ̤ۣ֮ǲҪóˡ
һ̣ѰڿڣȻ
ǽ߶Уȴ񶾵ĳ̼Ǻ죬뷢ŭš
ֹˣڳʥã̤ۣͬѰ仰ڽȫˡ
һʱ䣬ǿѰĿⶼɱ
ˣΧе־ĲѰȴɫ
ĳûѣھʧʵʵǣԸ
˵Էˮ⣬һ㶣¶֮ɫ󶼲Ц
һвˣ
Ϊ˭δ̤ʥȴʥҴû߹㣬ӿڳ
˺ǳ⡣

˽Ц
ǰĿǰ۵ʮʮλʥټһھ
ֲƣǻʥڴˣ¶ŷɥ̶ֻӣѰɺƽ
ٶԡ
ϻʲôɱ˱ǣ
˴ȡ
ߣ
Ѱֱӳˡ
УЩ˽̸ʲôвһȺں֮ڣ˭ϲ͵Ͻ
ɱ˱ǣ
ֻһֻӲӵӡۣ͵ظ¡
ǸղŴȵӣܣ˾ͱӡ飬Ѫⱬ
һƣһλ۴ʥ

Ĵŭߵһǿߣֻ˭Ҳû뵽Ѱ֮棬֡
ɱ
ߵĽ߸ֱӣ˫͵һһӲӵָָܻ֮󣬷֯̽һָ
֮ǰһУЩҲס
ѰƤɱˣױŭܡ
䣡
Ѱһָһְ
ӡ
һڴԨΪӡɽӣѹİԵơ
ߵָ˲ͱӡѹǣݺ£ĺУը⻯
ǿֲѹǽϣĵˣԶĵƽС
ߺȻ
һʥѰһӡʱͷ·ɽѹһݰĿֲѪڣѹòѪ

ɲȽ߷ӦѰһ̤
ڽߺ󷽣һɽٿȻӿ𣬹ƷߵӰǡ
¡
˲ѣһʥڣɢ嶼ٽƮ
һΣѰһɱʥ
⾪װһĻڳ˽Գɫ䣬кȻʶԾ
һ֣
ŭĿѣһƶɵ񽣣䱳ֶնѰ
š
вͬϣʮֲƥϢֱһĴɽӿƳأѹȵ˶Ϣ
𣡡
ڣִףһ˻սìС

ˮƽ̤ˮ⣬Ʈ衣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷս̤նѪ죬Фҡһ䣬ʮɵ񡭡
һɲǼ䣬һΧ𣬷âָѰһˣ
һɱ۴ʥľ̸϶ɲɵѰչֳһɱʥֶκ˶ʶ˲ѡ˳֡
¡
ǰʼƽ֣ڱһϵĵܳ
ɱ
˫ĳӣٶȾǱʥҪһ˿һɱѰ
ͨ죬еĻսìգٶȿ쵽һֲ˼ĵزѰ
ֻܿһĨ費ϼ
һصĺһʥ
ˮһ
ƾһˮʶӵĿ£ǵܹȥʥ

Ȼһײ
Ѱϣӳһ赭д֮䣬ǻսìˣһѿеĻսìǷһֶɡ
飡
ţ׻ƵĳӰֱӱɣĵˣڱѪ
Ѱһֱشӣ

Ĵȡ
Ӳӵӿգ»ͻͽһ֮£ըƵģԵ
һΣѰöֻ֣ڴ³һ

һζڣȴɫиֳκ
նһ̱ѿУֻܿɫ֮նһֽ㱻˺顣
ĵӰʱ궼飬ܵɲޱȵĳ
һ˲һԶħ˻ңǡѪⶼѿ
ԡѪһƵģȻȥ
һ֣
һһпѹͬ޵еľͱɱ
ȫžйƶΪ֮һ͡
֪˵ĽԲˣֱһ޷ó̬
⡭
ŰӶտѰΧʱлֻܲѣΪѰͽѣȺۻɱ
ԤеĻ涼ûг֣Ѱһȫ
ǽڣǡһڣ
䣡
ʱѰˣɱ
ӰŲƣһĨ翵̳ھһʥǰ

һƬ̫εӰӳΪɭɭ󣬵ͷֶ¡
ƣ
ʥХӿһƬããĵ֮
֮ڣѩƮ̹ǣ޾˪ХУЩɷɱڣ۴ʥֵ
ϧ˴ͬ͡ڲͬѰ
䣡
̫ϣֱӽһ֮飬ţݺύ֮䣬ʥӰС


1806 ѹȫ
Ѫ
һλʥ˵ʼգҽУ
ɱ˺ѰӰû˿ͣ٣ƶС
䣡
¯һһĪܣɨС
նң羪ס
书򣬱ʮλ۴ʥУλʥɱ
ѰӲӣ߳УԴԨԴݿֶ֮ո
ֲ̫
£۴ʥݽ㲻ʥ΢һЩҲǷˡ
һʱ䣬Ѫȷ磬Ҷ֪жپŭļ쳹
֪ڳЩɶԾŴĶʥ棬ݡλ̡Ϊ
޲һ֮۷壬̳֮ͬ
Ѱǰȴ߹
⡭
ƺĿɿڴ𺳡
ĻսĿܻרȥ۾Ŷˮͼеزأ
Ѱս죬ɴʱĿѰһˣɱӰƺǱݺ嵽ˡ
λֵĻ˭Ҳȥе컯ˣ
ˮڡ
ĽӰûԼ侹ӳֳһΰӰ˲˵Ϣǿһء
ĺ
һ۾ǿϷӳֹĹű
¡¡
ͬʱλϣԸľҧԼѹ׵ֶʩչ
УӿֳһƥĻ񴸣ԶԶһһ̫
Ľӿֳһ̫ͼڣǡҶսִһϵİ׹Ǵӡ޾ħӰС
Щɶһ̳֮Ҫô壬ҪôԵɣɿûпƽɵı
ǳűÿƽԾ춯أǸʥ׷棬һ֣Ӳͬѹȡ
ɣʶѰĿֲֶκǽԿʼƴˣκεıͲ˽
ֻѰ粻ɱȡ
ͼӰȻͣ٣Ȼڣ
ĳƾڼô˻ᣬöȿۣһʲôС˾޵С
򣡡
ѰӰƾ飬Ӹ£͵һӰ޾ԨĿֲϢͷŶ
һֻ֣¡
һֶֻѣȴһ¯ĪǳֳһѹŽĲã֮С
¡
һ˲ҰиֳһĻ澰
һӰԨգ֣¯ӳ죡
ʢĵ⡢ĵһ˲Ѱӳĵ޵Ҫһ谭
⣬ȷѰھ۴ʥеļ֮
ǿĥ;ɱ󣬵һνսͷţ
ˮơӡġҶսˣȫëȻƲסѹ֣Ϣ֮С
Ǿ۴ʥܹӵУ
ԭǶԼѹ׵ֶζţɵĿѰ˿ĳһƣȻûˡ
¡
Ѱһѹȶ
췭ظµߵ㡣
Ѽ޷һƣ⣬ӰкǬδִվը
飡
һֹűڳкХѺһϣûá
ȻǷƥ屦Ҳ޷ƿֶӡ
ɱ
һ̣˶ˣƴˣܵв
עͽ͡
ѰһΪڴʥпֲ˼زԹڸǹŽδ£ͬ޵У˿̼ͷţǵ˭ֵܵģ
䣡
֮ǰ͵𵴡
糱ˮӿһƲನˣǸ涼ѳķ϶
̳ɢȥ

к˵ɵһȺˡ
һЩѰľ۴ʥһưʱ嶼ѹȱ顣һЩǰߵʥڣҲɱʮûҲˣɵѪҽС
ӡˮЩϴбرûг䣬ɼˣһҲǱѹˣǱ
ۣ
ӿѪɫɷףӰƣѪģ
ˮƾҿԣϺȹѣ¶ѩ׾Өļ壬ͷɢɫдȻ;֡
Ҳơ
Ѱһƣѹȫ
ʲô۴ʥʥڣȫѹƣ˵ˣ
һУһֲݣ
ʱǳӡˮƣ侪Ѱսȴӡ
ֻΪѰһУʥ
ֱ˿̣ǲſɬףΪѰûʥˡ
ͲҪ
˿̣ʧǣѰ
ƺˣҲǣɫ㱡
һѹȫ
ˣ
ѹ컯СŮԶԶ磬óϷ
ˮƵһͷ졣
ѰĿ䵭ƳһۣʱҿѹǣĪҪ󡣡
ɫһ͡
ʱ˭֪ᷢ˿µ飿
˭ּһ۴ʥѣɱʥɱ׺
ѣҵȽ飬ȴ̧֣һ
ɬ
ҵȽԾŴ磬ǳ£ǻΪֻ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
һɫήңǿޱȵ
Խ֮Խǲȥƥһŭɱ
ѰԣƳһƺӵˣһ̾
ԼĻЩѸϾɱ
ôָЯ֮
ôˣԼƨһ֮ڳЩ˱עưոݣʱ϶Ὣìͷָϡ
ףΪһǵжǺƺһ˹Ǻǣ
ЩͷԺһѰ㿪ڵϵıҿˡǵĹסȫǲ˽ɱ⡣
ٶûݰɣ
˽ɵۣĸҲ
ǳҵȻۺ֮һЩѹ׵ıʥδܹӵС
Ϊǰ;ԺɾעʶŻᱻرչˣر
һбﶼǻȥ϶ҲҪط
ģ
ѰȻڣ
˽ԻһصѪȺʬ壬Ѱ֮ǰչ¶ֶΣն̵ͷ
Ͼȣʲôվˡ
ӵ½ϱｻһü˳ۣȴѪ
ǵݣѼЩף񡭡ȫ˱˵սƷ
Ᵽ뿪ؾȥʮٱ³
Թź
ҲԹߺʮ㣬ɱȴû¶ʲô
䣡
۵һλʥʱѰһ̧֣ѹڵأǶѵ
Ҫڣ
˴ŭҲȻɫ䡣
˵ˣǽȫȴʵ
Ѱ˵ţ̽ץ㣬ವһ£ʥ˿䣬ɳһöϸţëƵɫ롣
Ѱһ⾹һﱦ
ʥԤеҾǹ⡭
飡
һ̣Ѱһͷ­ϣɵڵأȫޡ


1807 ʥѩ
Ѱ䣬ɨȫ벻ۣȱ飿
ɫò
ৣ
ͻȻıһһԽ֣ƾʧ
ռŲƣ
£ʥƾʧûκһ˿ۼ
ط
ϳˡ
ȱΨе۾ܹƣӿռ赲һСʹ󣬿˲ʧκޱȡ
һƽ󸲸ǵ硭ӵõ𡭡
Ѱһӡ
䣡
ԶصƽУԣ˸
ţһҽд

ĵ˻Уֺ;ɺܿ죬Ȼֹûж
һ̣ӵ˻£׵
ʶѰֹ㣬صƽ󣬳Ϊһִǰǿߡ
ظڴ˵صĵƽ
طƾط԰Ȼˣڣȴˡ
һʱ䣬ڳٲнҵ˼бͳͳ
֪СŮǷ֪䣿
ԥһ£ˮƻʳ
ѰЦЦôҪסҵ֣Ժñ𣿡
ˮɫæҡͷңѿܹˡҵȣѾĶ顣
ֵԨ
ѰԼĵš
Ҳ±˵ǣӴؾ뿪뿪˽磬ʱǿպ嫣Щһﱳ뱨¶ס
ԭˡ
ˮƺܴ㵣Щʧ
˭
Ѱ
ѹ컯սƥСŮ֮ǰΪѱǿմʥһѰ
ˮʵ
Ѱ
һֶѣȴڳͫһǿһɱѪɺӣɱͥʮս崫˶̧ͷľˣ
ǿչŵϣ˭˲֪Ѱ֮
ֻǣǿɲΪѰǰֵԨǿ󣬱ϾѰǿɱҲֻǾ۴ʥ
ֵԨɱʥ練ƣ
Ǳʶ֪õʼգ˭ҲûѰֵԨϵһ
ΨѰԼһ
ѰҲûΪǣһָԶȥ
ӵɴգæ֮뿪ѰᷴƵġ
ֱӰʧѰתԶһ񹬣ʲôץʱ򡣡
ԭеƺӵһγƵģͷж
ѰôϾ̵ղѹεսƷ
ʮƷ಻һʥСɽѻҩϡƿƿ޹޵ĵҩ͸ʵ챦
ջֵ֮֮࣬Ѻѹ
ֱ۵ջ񣬵ţѰжһп޺Ʋ
һȻǣһ֮ӣ󣬼ҵȻҲǸ͡
ˣˣ
أƺӽгɫüɫ裬ԭ۾ŶˮͼأʼĴУ
ԱߣƷ۾ɫʧۡ
ͬΪӵܣʼ洫УȴԵ
ѰȻ
֣²˳٣һ˵ɡ
ƺ˵
á
ѰͷһжһƣǹϵΡ빬ţǰ쿪

Ŷɽ⡣
۽޹һˡ˷۱
ӡˮƵ˶һۣԿԷĿеĿɬ
ûڡŭԹ޵緢ƵӺڣɫ粻
Ϊ콾ƼŽһ棬˭ϣѰһˣ
һнˣȾѪήңһ߳Ŷɽסˡ
ܿ죬ǰһѪս࣬ѸٴڴؾѰٻԵ޵ߣȫΪ֮Ȼ
Ϣһʮʮ٣󣬶˴ؾ֮⡣
Ⱥ޵ߣĿɿڴ
ӵһжֵԨ񹬣
ֵԨһ˵أѹŽȺۣһѹȫ
ֵԨɱ۴ʥ˺ɱʥɱ׺
ÿһϢ羪쫷㣬Ȼ󲨣ʼϯ
ԾŴĴԼͳȺ֪󣬽Ϊ֮
һ̡
ֵԨ֮쳹Ͽգ

Żɽ塣
ѰϢʱ峤̿ڵˣԻ˰졣
ֵСӣײУ
̿յϲǡ
ϲǣƺӵСؿȡ벻ľ˺ô
ǵǣѰ˾٣׵ԾŴĶͱѡ
ܻһ粨ǣϣ
У¸ϵش󣬱ȥʾ档
̿һϡ
ֻǣõĴȴ̿һ
ͨ£˵ֵԨϺ޹˭ͽɱˣԳ֡
Ĵ𸴣
棬⡭̿һʱЩˣǲ̫һЩֱ͹ӲƵġ
ȥɡûٽ͡
ǡ
̿ǿɻ󣬴ҴҶȥ
棬
һֱԱ߽һп۵׵ɷףӣҧơ
ɵѾͷİɣĻȥԼˡ
̲סЦˡ
ѰУ⣬ȻƾϣѰĵ̣ΪʥʱУĸ֣
׼һĽɫѹİգ
ڵ۾ڡ
ܻΪС³֣
Ѱ¶ʵݣŻ۾ͳ֡
ۼأԽŲЦĿԶƿڣοǻ𡭡
赭дһ仰˵ء
ɵ˻˸ǿգѹǧ֮õġ֮ۡڣ֮أԲ
İ˿

诽
һͳ
ڴؾе飬Ҳǵһʱ䴫诽һʱ䣬𶯡
ԭڣ˴ξŴĶǶжǵʦųȺһ
ЩŴ綥Ĵǣ˿̶诽ڣһ¡
ֵԨһɱʥľ۴ʥϻ
˾
˭񶾵ضҵߵСº֣ص
˷ŭ
ô˵
ü
˵ֵԨ޹أǲع˼ɣԶ֡
õĴ𰸣ٴﶼס
ʲô
ϴʲô⣬ǵǽŭйͷϣʶ㶪˧
һʱ䣬۷׷ס
λģҳȥһ⡣
أһ¹ʤѩһͷ׷ӣȥ
նʱһţʧѻȸ
ѩ
һָľʥڣһλ̽ǧ꣬δһܵľޣ
κοˣͷ·𿴵һ񽣣âգҫ䡣
ۼһϮµķѩȥԾŴĴǣɫ졣
нѩУҪɱˣ



1808 ׶
ֵ÷зȴĻǲһ
˿诽ڵЩ˽⵽ЩС۽顣
վסһֵ֤ԨˣûҪϾɱ
ʶЩŻڵ֪Ϣ󣬻һԲߣͷһȣֱɱȥ
ϾֻһԵж
Ǵ磬ϿЩ٣ǵȹϵĵ̣ɲС
ЩĴǣҲõֵĺ
Ǻǲһķѩ֮Ժԥȡжˣ
ģҫ۵һţһͬ޵еľ۴ʥ
ͬʱҲǷѩΪصһС
£ѩֲŹ֡
λҲȷ̬ҵȻҲٹ˼ɣֵԨӺ޼ɣܲͷ
˴˼žڡ
Ϸ֪ĴУɴӲ˵ֵԨһСչ¶ֶΣǴ޵ߣ£
诽ڵһλ۵ĳϿڣһ˲˽¶˼֮ɫ
ΪֵԨǴ޵ߣ
ʵ

λ۳ϵͷλѵ֣Ƿ޿УֵԨǾ۴ʥһ˲õλ˵֣
Ŀ˸ʶ֮
ۣһһڣǿƻɱʥľ۴ʥǿչŵϣܼǿմʥ֮սؿǰ֮С
˵⣬ɫ¶һĨǿմʥϣֵͬģֻеһѰȴһֵԨˡ
òᡭӱѰ
̲ס˵
һ仰žÿнԷ
Ѱ
һ˸ǿչŵˣǰƾеѪɱ¾ǿΪ֮
ͥʮսΪɱһһޱȵ͡
ڰͷչڡزؽ磬ҲΪжѰ
ҪǣѰУһšɵ۳桱ĴܣΪˣһЩ۾ڶΪ֮ۺĶ
ֵԨľǸѰ
һ뵽⣬һڴĶùɫҲǱ΢
۴ǷѰƾڴؾĶУ͵ܵϳͣ
һӻȻɱڣλĳҲһ
˵գתƾŲƶȥ
һʱ䣬궯
˭ֻ˼ǻֵԨѰ
λһȥǴؾһ⣿
诽ڵ۳ڡ

ܿ죬һЩ˵ͷӦ
Ҳҡͷ˼ܾж
˭һԤУֵԨ޷Ӵؾ߳ˣ

䶯ͷڵʱѰڡ
صĹϵ˵ʼһ磬ƴտ
ڹϿգž󶦣ɻ籾ԴתɢԭʼϵϢ
ƺӡƷ硢˸һĿ㱻˿ϥؽв
籾Դһִ翪ɣŵ˵һĵԴԻ籾Դ֮
ܼȡһЩ籾ԴƱؿԶ쵽İأƾϣΪʥĪ档
ƺˣԲĻԵ
꣬λӦڴŶ۱
Ѱڱڴ
񳹵׷ſգǾɻ籾ԴĴ󶦣ӿͷ
գ㣬磬Ǿ󶦣һ
䣡
˲ǾͷųɲĻ編򲨶Ѱһϣܵв
Ѱѽջأǻ編򲨶Ҳ֮
˵Ǿ۴ʥʥڴˣ¶޷󶦵Ļ籾Դߡ
Ҳѹ񹬴꣬񻹲ߡ
Ѱ˼
ָ㣬˵⡰Ŷ֣֮ۺʹ֮Ųɹĺô
Ȼֺôǰ󶦣
ʱѵٵȡ
Ѱԥٴγ̤֮һ
䣡
籾Դٴͷš
һƻϢ꣬ɬͷųΣֳ಻ϣ̫ȻҲµó
Կָ䣬Ѱ飬ļ϶ֹѵѪۡ
Ѱ˿ˣϣ
糱⣬Ѱɢǻ籾ԴԿ
ԽϣԽǾ󶦣籾ԴϢԽŨͻһƣѹɽӣ
䣡
󶦶ҺܵƵġ
֣Сģ
ƺӾɫ䣬û뵽ѰҪȥǾ󶦣̫Σա
˽⣬ûĸ޵߸ôϾǿǻ籾Դ˵۾ڣ˭ȥ
Ʒ硢ˣҲֻϥأ֮ȥ˽⣬ȥ
뵣ģֻǽʱƾٰ֮ˡ
Ѱڡ
ᶨ֮˽ԲһԼı
˿̣ʶɻ籾ԴĴ󶦣ѰƾڱУ
Ҳȴ
ھ֮ʱˡ
ھսʥʱͬҲˡ
ơʥ֮١
ƾ
ƺӾ㵣֪㱻߸ϻƾ֮
οƾ٣ڤڤƲʱ١
ˣ޵Ϊһ֮Բ󣬼ѡչأΪɽ׼
ԭڣʱͻȻ٣ɱһ벻
Ѱãȥı
ƷҲһĿ
ǳзǳ֮£ƾɽҲԷͬѰƷૡ
䣡
أһɬƵٿȻ쳹ңԶߣȴݺÿͷ
ڴʱѰӰٿȻͣ٣һص棬ڣǱɱͦ罣ǳ
ˡ
Ѱ
ͬʱ⣬ŶɽϿգԲǧ֮أԱŨī֭ĺɫƸǣ׹ҹ
һڣڽҫŲͬɫ֡
һ̣ؾڣе޵߻һȻɫ䣬ëȻ
ֻãĩ٣дֲѹ֮ϣǶ
ǺҪɽ٣
ԼͬأеĿⶼͬһ
¡
ѹֵգҲڴ˿̱һ𶯾ƣ޵ǰֱðǣѪ
ôңԶһѣȴǶѹޱȣ
ǾͿ֮ϣӳֳɫĽΪ֮ںɫ
ɫĽ׻Ӱ䣬гɫĽΪͭ¯תɫĽ׻ǳѭݡ
ǵۣף


1809 δ
䡣
Ѱ߳񹬣̧񷣬ͼ̬ĿɲУͷųĻϢƾ
һ̣ƺǶֻܴ񹬣ǽϢǵĲڣ޷ƽ
¡
һĺ֮ϣһͨ쳹ذ׹ţ
ʥ֮٣ֲޱߣب񣬲֪жǿ޴˽֮£ɢ
һԣٵһġ
ѰУĽףֱִӣ׹⻯кٲɽӣ
죡
ƺӵ˶ɵˡ
ֻǸտʼ˿ֲԽԽԽˣ
ʥ٣ҲһЩɽʱЩСһԹ
ɻûǰֲģ
ɣѰʥ٣ܲѰ
ܾˡ
ѰӰҡûκڵֿȭӲ
٣ΣǻˣУ֮־췣
ӡ١ֱɿһЩߣɡȥɣԢⲻԶȥ޵֮
޵û˵Ȼͻɵ
ǽ٣
췣ΪֶΣҲн
˻֮Դ֮ʼڻаһ
ʱһ︴գģ̺ġ֮
٣Ҳˡ
ɲɵɢ
ɹˣɶһƾϣ㷭츲صı仯
飡
ֲٲɫףѰϣϱŽһâƵĺ
뷨ԨȻǺĽȫûȡڣԴ˴ƤĤѪ
ͿѰӰ貣ͬӨ͸ıƵģһŤĵ绡â˸ڼϡ
ǵȻεȿֲɾ˲Ƥë
ܿ죬һ׽ٱ㱻׵
ƺǵ°ͲϣҲУ
ɲǷӦڶ׽к¡
¡¡
һΣɫ׽٣Ϊ֮飬ʢѤãƮ¡
ÿһ׵ӡŻ־͹ǰҲǰ£
˵ƺǣڴؾͬй޵ߣһ㱣е˼顣
ΪĪĽףǼδδţ˵û˵
ѰƾһһںبյĴԨȫתҪɵء
ͼһɫ׵һ׹䣬ڴԨܼţ³һ˵ɫâ̺ĻֻԶԶţƺͷƤ飬ð
µϲ־Ǽµ췣ֶΣ
һ˲ԨгɰǧĻŭţɫâܣԨҲ
գѰס
׼ȼյĻ¯ƵģάϵԨȶ
Щκʥ׽ٵڼź󣬱֮лڴԨС
ͷųһ˿ҲѰȫȡ׳꣡
Ҳ̫ˡ
ƺǶ亹죬긦
ʥ٣Ϳ֮ȻǵҫڶɽʱҲ޲С෨໤ر⡣
ˣܹɹ˽ߣҲǾһǧһ
ѰȴԵȫһ
ʥ٣ǿò˼飬بδУδţⱾ㹻κ˾ãɽԷˮƵף
¾ϹתޣҲǿɡƺꡣ
¡
׽ٲûֹͣʢǧ񷣬īҫŲͬĹâ
ɫĽ׻һӰָ׵սìƿն£
һ˲ؾ޵ߺȻɪɪܻĽף
ǿչŵҲдţ̫ʱоɽ٣ʣ׽٣ߣ
ڣ翰Ĵ˵Ӧˣ
Ǻڶɽ٣
ѵֵԨ
϶֮ǰʱһѹŽ콾ǿƥͺʹ˵е̫žһ𣿡
Ȼ𾪵˷ڲ²ɽ֮˵ݡ
ֻǾ̫ңԶоŶɽĽ赲Ǹ޷ɽ֮˵ģ
ʱѰѺһɫ׽Ӱսһ
¡
â졣
ĽӰִ׵սìɱǣ֮ϲ־ĻƵġ
Ѱֿȭ֮ɱӰԨ񷣬¯ǿʢ
һʱ䣬֮׳ʣĩս١
ۣ
ûãѰһì̴ѪŽ޶ã̽͵һš
Ԩһץ֮£Ӱһ۰˺ױƵıŽк
۰ҲӿâѰȫɣ⡣

Ѱ磬ս
Ӱһ˸ϱ֮ٶɱ类ŭ˰㣬ɲˡ
ѰɱҲѪʣѣƤ
һⶼը¶оӨƵĹ
˵һĻƺӵ˶ֱð亹Ķɤۣ˵У׽Ӱľ
Ѱܶɹ
Ժиðͷͼ߿֮ϣѰƵХԨǣ¡һһӰȫû
⡭
ƺ鶼ֱˣ
׽٣ɢ
û׽ӰѰˣڲŷ츲صı仯
ȵ׽Ϊ׼Ѱ󣬻һƾ
ɹˣ
ؾУȺۻ㱣ε
٣һ죬
ڶΪ֮ţ
أ׽ٻӰǿֲ̫ʱڵľڴ˽֮¡
ڣ׽ĻֻЩ޵߲Ƕɽ֮˾ǻ
ɺܿ죬о𡪡
ԣôУ
ٻûн
֮ϣƲûɢɫʰ쵵Ľƥǿɱ
ĿһĻ˶㵣š
ԹǺ˶ʥ֮٣׽Ļڣȴⷢˡ
Ҫ֪¾Ǿʥ֮٣ҲֻͬأֻޱȣԶѰɱȡ
û˵˭˶ʥʱᷢ˲˼ʵģ
ǰδУδŰ
˵
Ⱦ䣬ֻ֤ɽ̫֮죬ƿصԼĵ;Ѿ
ʱ
ͲѰ޸ʱ䣬׽ٽ١
䣡
ĳɫ׻һͭ¯£ͭ¯֮ɽ޾ɫͷųĹԣضȾѪĺɫ
һĻģ˶ɵˡ
ٻ¯
ݹ£˭
˲䣬ѰӰͱѹǳͭ¯֮У¡¡֮ڶǬ


1810 Ľ

ƺǳסŵü巢
ʥ٣
ȥػôǿչŵΪ֮𾪣
ʱơ
ɽͭ¯֮·⣬޷֪ѰĴ
˭׽٣עĿֲ
䣡
һӺǸ߿ɳɫ׽¯͵ر飬ķѣʢâĿҫۡ
ѰӰֱӴ䣬Ӳ׹ɣµļ嶼ѿԭϵ˿ڣٶѡ
֣
ƺӾʧг
ʲôû
ٵĴϢУѰ
ͼӰ䶯пֺϣǱӰ±ñֱ罣ɡ
ƺӴ˴߬ȭͷ׽٣ɹˣ
˰
ƷĪѰǰǿơķɣǶѪš
Էֲڴ޵߶ԣĿһبδе漣
춯أ˸Ҳˣ
ֱʱѰҲ£Ϊ׽¯ڣҲĥѺͺоԼһŵҩھ޾ǵζֱ׹Ƶġ
ˡ
Ѱһ
ܹܵǡꡢľڵУԶؼ˾˶ı仯
ֻǣ׼ʱ
䣡
ͷǧо𶯴Ѱ͵شͷͫ׶
ֻȻƾոֳһɫࡣ
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׽٣޷ó쵽˿ƽɰĳ̶ȡ
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׽Ӱ֮ǿȫѰ

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飡
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ѰҲɽٶΣɻǵһ˼᲻ɴݣֲޱȵĽ
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ﵽо磬¾ֻʣһƲлꡢһξѪҲ»ָĻᡣ
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Ǹоһ֣ͻȻʧȥȫƵġ
ԭҵƾ֮٣һֹĽ
ʦġǧҾӵǿϲֵܵסֽ
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ҲʱǧﷶΧĽƣɢʧ»ָʡ
ʶããհеƺӵ˸ѹͿһĻ𺳻档
߿УѰƾų貵ĵ⣬ؼΨһģǡ
޵У˰
ڶɹ𡭡
ƺ֮ǰֲֿ棬
ಣ
ѰƮȻ䣬񹬣Ҫ˵أһΪȹ̵УΪ۵֮ڴڼ䣬ֻίλڴ˵ء
ƺӵʶͷ
ѰһӣźȻպϣ֮ͼӿ֣
еľ󶦿ȥ
֮ǰǵȽεȿֲɽӶݣȴȻΪ˹ǵĽΪ
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ͬʱؾ⣬¹ʤѩӰֱһƵķѩŲն
ɫĮȻ̧ۿ˿ܣĿ⿴˴ؾڡ
ৣ
һ̣ѩӰУʧ


1811 ʥ̨
Ŷգ編ʣ»ɬĹԡ
ѰϥھŶ룬תһڴС
ʥѰڻ춴ڣʥԴɽѻɸߵһ̨
̨޵һĵۣӡֱʥ̨
ǳΪʥ֮Եɱ䡣
ѰδżȥٺԼĵ֮򣬸նɹ٣ȫɱ䣬Ҫȹ̵С
ʥʥΪʥ֮ףǡϻð޾ηͼɵ
ʥֺѰʥͬƿصԼꡢ֮Ѱʥʮٱ
ľ磬¶һЩϢȺʥ
ǰʱѰҲйʥԷĵ̺͡
ͼƿصԱȣŷ֣ʥֵ֮ۡǺε֮
ʥʥͬΪһʵر
Ѱڵġʥ̨ͳֳڲͬΨһĶϡ
ɲɣ᲻ɴݣٲ
˵һʥϵľʥӵеġʥ̨¶ֻѰǰ
Ҫ֪ѰŸոƾΪֻʥڣȫֵĻɱΪɵʥ
֮ǰھ۴ʥʱҪ󶦶ޱȣڣɿڴ
¡
Ѱһһ߽籾ԴһһɢĪơ
ԶƺֻԶԶţеҪϢľһɱܵη壬

ͬʱ⡣
һϮµķѩƾĹˣɫҲɷһĨԾ֮ɫ
Ƭأĩմ٣ɽݣعѣֳһַ漣
УأԻһ˿˿˵ĻϢ
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ѩüͷ
ǰ·ϣ˵ʱǰһؾľٽ١
ʱֳľ޲بź޷Ŀֲ
ֻǣѩѯʱȴ˸ҿ϶Ƕɽ֮˵ݣԼԷǷɽٳɹ
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ѩĬĬ֣ɫĵĮͱ
񣬸ھŶɽĽѱٻΡϵҲ¶ؼ䡣
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1812 أ
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ۣȷֵԨѰǿɵڵȵһǿչŵĿ컯
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УؾҲƽ޵߶˵ȺУŶɽ
ֵԨΪʸ֮ģ
ȴɱóӡˮһ˴ܵˣǴĿķ
ֻǺȻľ֣ش֮һ

¡
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ˣѰһʥгȹ̡
徧Өÿһë׶⣬Ѫ̰ʱڣӲԡǵǿ֮У
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Ϊ¯תɫʥԪ֮ѭڻ춴Ѩ֮䣬ŨöҪ
塢ꡢһΩΩһ
ֻǣѰٺ֮ʱһ⡣
ıԴΪԨ񷣬ĵиǡĵΪ¯
۵֮򣬱ȻѡһΪԴ֮ѰΪѵıǣνԼġ֮ͬһ֡بδУΨһĵز
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̤ʥѾײһˣȻ׼ǰȥһ

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Ѱ
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㡭
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ʥ֣Ѱ
ڳЩûһѰ֮Ҫôڴ˾ϹΪѴԲҪô̤۵ʥսƸǿ¡
Ⱛֻ߸һ֣һѹǬɱڹ֮Ĵơ
ֻǣѰȴҲָָһ
Ļɫƣ类ƵƤƵģ˲һб顣
ৣ
ͬʱѰӰƾʧһѳǰֻǰһư
޳𪡢Өһ˿̻Ϣ
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ڲܣŭȭĵȭŷΪ֮֮Ӳ
飡
ȭཻͼֻߵȭֽ㱻飬ѣƵҷɡ
ȭͷ۰򣬽Դ籬飬Ѫɽ
䣡
˺嶼ܲסһƵյɳȥ͵ը
Ѫ꼤䡣
ǡʢŵһѪɫ̻ɺ졢̡


1813 ʥ֮ս
һƣһʥ
ȺԾȻɫ䡣
ǰֻǰǴһԲʥλսԿͬһˮ׼
ڵָ䣬ͱɱ
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ܣ
ʧ
ʥʱұɺһʥĳλͬһɱҲ練ƣʲôܣ
ѰȻڡ
ƾϢƽ翿顣

һߣսìɱ
䣡
ìӰһ֮ٿȻƬͼеӿֳǧͷħӰų
֮򡪡
ǧħ
ѰĮϲָһһӳݺǧɣԾ

ͼɿɲ֯ĵ֮һ鲼㱻˺ѿɨ֮ħӰϤն
նһ֮±ƿضΨнգ
ۣ
ӿѪĶˣɨиˣŶ˺ѿһɼǵѪۣһͱƶǡ
˻
һĻ۳۶޲ɫ䣬ѩȼλʥü¶һĨɫ
ӵս˿ѷɫڳһЩʥȴѰһƿ֮ɽˣм֮
ǿ󣿡
һЩоɣԥˡ
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̤ʥ
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Ӱ⣬ʵԣУúܣȭɱ֮Ӳ
ת˲ѣѽٻغϣɱ£Ų˸ǧֱɱذɳʯɽӣ鴯֮ء
ǿƿһĻĻԾڳĳ޷ƽ˭û뵽Ѱһ̤ʥˣܹͷѩȴĽ뢿⣡
ȫϡ



1814 Ͼд˴
ն
ƹŽӣӿռ䣬ɱ磬â
ս£ѩɫׯ࣬һϮ죬ѰƽжԴ
ƵսԣȷЩѰǿһ֡
˾Ľ⣬޷ϻ
ǻδƾǰѰȻܵסȹȻҲеܳ
ϾһʵľʥΪĵزԶѰɱȡ
ֻǶѰԣѩչֳսǿȴ̸жв
䣡
ȭ¯ȴӳֳԨ֮󣬺գһйƲɵ
սѰطһЦֹڴˣʮذܣ
ϣʮء
Ⱥ޲ɣĵ˴Բѣ
ȴѩһĬӰٿȻһ٣һ˫Ӳӣӿ
򡪡
䣡
֮ϣѩӰͷ糱⣬ٿȻɢܻΪһɭϺƴĽ֮

˲ѣǰһʹ񶼱ǿɲĽ֮Ϣ壬ëȻ

ǷѩĥǧأϽ־ĥɵĵ֮򣬾һ֮磬ӡһоѧ
Ѱʹۣλʥ֮䣬Ե֮Կƾ֡
۵Ļشֻһ仰֮֮ǿ
ѩġ򡱺ǿһ˲ͽѰУѹ
䣡
ͼƥ֯ΪĴ纣֮ƣ˷Ѱѹ
ɽӡľ񷡢ӰաΪ⣬Ϊɱ
Ϊ
һ̣ѰҲеһֳѹϲ¶һĨЦ⣬ģĽ棡
ˣ
һȭ
ȭԨɶ֮컯ͷųļµĻɬ
˷ХĽһ˲ɲǣȫѰһȭ֮±顣
׷ƮѤá
ն
ѩͫԥתȫ
ΪɱֶΣЩƾ˽¾԰ټƵĶ֣ͬΪʥĺݽɫ
һ̤ϾʥˣУȴأз֮
ǰûģҲʶָݲһ˿С֮ΪУ
䣡
תһƥⱻѩƿأꡢӡɽ֡ɽ㣬Ѱһˡ
һ֮ѹһˣεȿ£
磬ɱУȴѺͱһûʲô
ƣ
ƣ
ƣ
ͼѰȭÿһԨӿ֣̾ʮȫĥ
صȭؽĴԨӰʵȹ̣ʵڰ㣬ب֮У¡¡ת֮ⷽ綼ʼŤ
⡭
ѩޱȵľһҲκˣˡ
ɻͷһһ˼ǿ֣ǱԼĽ򣬿ȴз֮ҪƷԼ
ѩһɫǰء
ƴУս˶ڷ⣬һƵģⷽĳ
ֻǣһеĻѳͽ͡
ƣ
ѰڰȭԨب㲻ﲻ̣ƣӳĵѰ򷨲֡
ھȭ򶼿ʼҷԨͷųңط֮
ѩɫ԰ףѪ
򣬵ܵشʱͬҲܵˡ
ʱѰѳһĥ֮УɱսķʽƿԼľʥ֮ʹָշġ
ƣ
ʮȭʵʵĴԨ͵ؼȫѰһȭ֮С
⽣е类Ƶģһָɱ񡢿յ֮У󡪡
ѰһȭݳѩΪ򣬾粻ظȻ飡
һ˲һĻɽǽܻĴȫɢƥĺϯ˷ȥ
ˣ
ⲻܣ
졭
˽ԱһɫȻš
֮ϣĩѱƵģϯ졣
ѩӰģѩ׵ȾѪͷɢԵޱ֮Ǳٲ֮ǰǿķɡ
˵ǣţһѪȭӡ
ѰƾڷƮεӰ죬بǣ˲ɺ֮С
ȫžѻȸ
򶼱ƻûɱ֣̫£
ԭϻ˴
ѩૣ㱡
Ϊѽʥеķ羰飬ɽղŷ֣ǰԼҲǾܹ죡
䣡
һ̣ѩӰķѣٽĹ꣬ɢ
Ѱ֮ǰһȭֹݻҲ飬Ͼ
Ҳһȭ÷ѩǰʶʥԭȲ˼ľ󡭡
ˣһ֮ʥ۵;ϵľѩѰɱڵ
Ѱȫ
սأɳһƬţÿϣд
ѩһεҫǿľʥһ̤ϴ˾ˣ
һϰɡ
Ѱƾɨˣһ仰Щɫһ粻
Ǳ˴˶ӣкɫһȫ
ѩ߻λʥһʥϹĻˡ
䣡
ؽԲ޹⡣
һϹȫ߷ز
УλʥΪҫۣһǳӣüһĨ̺ơ
һһ׿ȻĻŮӣǣһԲ͸ıѩ֡
ۼսߴ¶ͷѩ൱򣬸һʥϹɺǿ
۴磬ԺУ
ն
ͣ
𣡡
򣡡
󱩺Уؼӳֳһص֮򣬽ޱȣ¶ͬ
е󣬸ؾǧɣе۽תٵأеľ֮磬ľ졭
ʩչ֮ЩϹҲʣѤöĿХ֮䡣
ǵȳԵ
Ѱȴ޶ã̤գ¡¡һڴ¯Ƶģɱ
ৣ
ӨѩĶӳز磬˸١
ϣϣ
ǡԪƿѰ֣֮һڴһڤѪӣ񲻿ɵ
˿̣ѰҲѺޱ
¡¡
սͼѰӰ磬գƿһص֮ĸǣݿࡣ
ۣ
Ӱ֮أλʥ
һüģ걬顣һǽʺ屻ɲĽһԪѪûʬѩڻ
һĻĻѪ棬ֻڵָ䷢



1815 εǿ
ѪĻȾɺɫһȺ֮սؾǵĹ⵽ƻ
ĩհľֲؾͬе޵Ĳԥѡӱܺ뿪
Ҳ಻ڹ
Ͼȹģսڴжƺǧ궼ܹһΡ
ɱ¾С
ЩԾŴĴǣһ緢ŭƵģ
֮ȣһսѰΧʵλʥʥԸ޷ѹסĽ
̶Ƭ̡
λʥ
һĲ֣һʥڣκһԣĴڣÿʧһһޱȵʧʹ
ʱʥ꣡
ЩѰȴȻƵģڶսУھʥ
Ȼֻ۳֮򡱵ĳΣӵеսԶԶһʥ֮ϡ
ȻѩľʥҲȻʧɫ
ףƿصĵ;սԿ£بΨһ
ۣ
һһѪܵͷ­𣬳һʥնɱ
ѰҲӰ˸һˡ
ɫϲ䣬ӳɱ¾磬
ѵ
üӡһĨ̺ƵĳɱִսסѰĹҲܣѪ
һ࣬˴ԼĻŮӲ֣תѰɱ
λʥսԷѰɱȣһл֮£ѰĹҲܵ谭
ˣڳʥ类ɱһɶ
֮ǧ򻯣ƷߵͣһĿȻ
սУѰвһ
۴ʥڹĦ˵ĵ֮ʱŵİֲͬҲԵ̡֪֮
Щ飬Իһ򣬻ѰͷԺ۵֮ż档
ڴ˾ֻǳΪΪӵеĵкԶԶ֮ͬϣſɱ֮ɱ׺
ϧǿҽ֮۳ΣԲزӦڴ˾޿ƥС
Ҳ֪ǡʥϵĽɫֶӵĵУǵĵ֮жǿ󣿡
Ѱ˼ɣӿʱ򣬳սҡ
ǳӺͻŮӣƵƵ赲ͼлЩ͡
ǾʥһһѰаսսپ
ȴģսУܵǣƺӰ죬ˡ
Ѱٶ룬һ
䣡
Ŵһ֮Σӳ֣ⷽ
ҵѹˣ
һ˲ɫ䡣
ʲô֮Ϣδֲ̫
ͬʱŮҲһ巢һεĴƺݺѹס
ڳʥǲһӰģվȣµɬ֮Уģ类ؼ
ʲô
ǺȻ
ͼԶգѰӰǻɬޣ֡
ͷһ֮ӳ֣¯¯ԨԨ㲻״
ֻһΣɵ֣֮˶׹ԨɼУ¯ڣڱ尾ͼ
ȻֻһϵѹȸУɼˣҲڳЩеĪľ㤡
ζѣֲʱҲúεȾˣ
Ǻˣܹüĳĵ֮򣬿Ŀˡ
Ѱʱ¡һĳӣ˲ͱקţ׹Ѱĵ֮
һ˲׹ԨҰռţãã󣬲׹ı䡭
һ˵Ŀ־ӿͷӽסУѣ䣬һ
ˡ
֣Ѱ³ϲ´ּ⡣
ۣ
ͼԨ͵һȻĪ֮˲串ǡ
ۿɼ类һ˲գѸɱѪ˥ߣڻһеġʥ̨ѣĩƮ
գۼ䣬ҷ
ͬʱѰв֮УһȡڵĴ˳ŵ֮ӿԼڡ
ǺУĴƬҲӣǳ޵·ϣ򵽵һЩ
ѰԼͳһִ򣬾õ˳ӵĴ
˵УΪã
ѰԼЩԾ츳ܣ
ܲ˼飬ֱ죡
֪Уѣһλ޵һӸ컯򵽵Ĵأ񣬶Ѱԣֻ轫ɣֿɵãֶһ˷֣ɡ
ѰԼӴЩʧ
һ˶ԣֱһ컯κһλʥ̥ǵı仯
ɶѰԣȴ缦ߡ
ԭܼ򵥣ڴϣĵ;ƿصĴҪԶӡ
ΨһѰеջǣӵĴУ̺ԡ֮򡱵͸
ЩѰԣ𵽽ã֮ǽɽ֮ʯԹ񣬴ӶͨһĿġ
ûʲôãȴΪ򡯣¾ˣۣ߳Ҳõϡ
Ѱ˼ʱǾ
ӣһͷѩһľʥȴѰ֮ѹ£޷ҷ
һĻ̼Щðһѡ
ȻǻŮӰľʥһҲѡӶݡ
ѱƵ
ǻѰݣ̰ʹ֮£Ҫɱһ컯
˭룬ѰѲǾ۴ʥս֮ǿ󣬶ɱѾõľʥ
⻹ô
ѰƤߣ
٣
Ѱһȫ߶ǳεĵ֮򣬾ͼϢĻƵģ͵ظǶ¡
֮ļ֮˷类ӡ
һ˲λʥУҵ֮Ծ˵ٶӡ
ÿһʥ׹ԨСӣȫ
ȻƴҲã˲ͱĨɱҷһĴɣӿѰڡ
ԴˣѰ⣬ĿԶӵоʥĻŮϡ
ŮŲգٶȾޱȡ
Ѱһ˿
̧֣һָ
һָʧһ̾ƾոǻŮѹ¡
Զ죡
ƾӵҲ˲նɱһָ֮£
Ѱ̤ʥһָ̺ͨҲĿֲˡ
飡
ŮӵӰؼһģе¶˼֮ɫ
ͬʱѰƾնɫȻ·ȽϺá
¡
Ƶĵ֮򸲸Ƕ¡

Ů˻УϾǾ֡
ܿȻֹ
֮תλ׿ľʥҲӺ󳾣һɡ
ˣҷ



1816 ׼۵ĵһν
ɱŮӺѰڣӿһӵĴַҸС
ѰתΪһһѹδЩЩãЩûãҪ˼ϡ
Ŀһ
һ۵诽۶㣬֮ǰŶӣֻǴ˿ȴܷͣǡ
ɫ䣬Ҳκξš
гı
Ѱ䣬δ̶֡
ͼ۶΢΢һЦǲһҺȷѰ
ȷ
Ѱü
۶ָָԼͷ­ֱϾﱾͲ࣬һЩģǿչŵΨֵԨƾճһ֮ǰھ۴ʥʱӵеսͿ£ƫƫأңˣǰû˵֣ɾͺܷ
Ѱ˵
۶Եú򶨣Ц֪һ˺һݼù⣬ǱǿմʥһѰһˣôܶͺܺˡ
Ѱ𣿡
۶ЦζȻУλҪл֣诽һȺ֣ڣ˭֪Ѱ£עҲĶ֣ԡ
Ѱ׹ԣ޶ֿ֤Զϵһ컯¾ǻ뿪˵أҲصı˻ɵͷϣ𣿡
۶̾Сѻ档
ѰȻҵĶ֣ΪΡ
˵⣬Ѱһˡ
¡
ৣ
УϢظֳһӰۣͷڣ룬һɷǵģ
ɵѰ˵ĵһۣϳһ׼ۣ
ڹŻ򡰵۹سǡУѰͼ˲֪׼۾ϲܻϴ
׵ľЩˡ
ƿڣӰţһףεĴϡ
ʦ
۶ǰ
ˣ۶ʦ诽̫ϳϴ޸һλ׼۾Ϲ
ֲţԭȻгı
Ѱпô˵ĻؾеϢǷѱˣ
۶̹ȻЦС⣬ɱС֪ϵĻԵ诽õǿɾһ诽ϾǴһͳһЩϢѣȻڻ¡
Ǻǣ˼
ѰҲЦû뵽һɱ¾󣬾˶
û취һɵ۳ĻԵκεͳϧһдȥȡˡ
۶пѴһĨȡ
ѰЦȥ䣬ȻֻǣǾȷһ׼۶ѣɽ£
۶üͷһ壬滺٩СѣңŸոƾܿһ󾳽ȥ׼۶Կ
˵ԼҡͷЦ
׼ۣ
磬ĴڣȻǾʥҲֻܵͷ
Բѡ
Ӵ޸ҲЦˣֻЦоǳŪ
һư
䣡
ӡЮ׼۾Ļɬֶ
˵ĸоⷽɽӣһǰС
׼ۣٳ
Ѱͫ΢УΪٿȻתͷ֮ӳ֣ת
飡
һ£֮𵴣ȴǿֲޱߵһĥ
ѰҲܣѪ
ֱϾһ׼ۣĿǰǾʥΪľ̫
Ѱ٣һ
ڵ۹سʱ׼ǿǰм֮֮ԼϰС
ڣӵк׼۶Կĵ̣
ţ
޸¶һĨɫֻǳΣٸһʱƣΪһƷ೬ĵ֮򡣡
ʦʹӷϻٽɱΪס
۶һѣѰܹʹ޸ӲһҲĲƽͷƤ飬Ѱھʥгɳֻúεȿ¡
ɲȴ޸ٶ֣ѰӰƾʧһ̣ڴ޸ǰȭ
䣡
ֻεĵ֮ȭ֮ڣӳֳ¯¯ԨԨ
޸ɫĮȻһ˲绯һߴ̽һӡ
ײعƥɽϯʮ
۶һģ㱻Ʒɳȥ
ͬʱѰӰҲõ˳ѪֻѪУսⷴǿʢ
ﵽ㾳磬Ŀȥηһ׼ۣ
ս
Ӱ⣬գȭȻ޵֮ɣȻǰҲҪɱ췭ظη֮ơ
޸ü΢塣
֮ǰԿһʥ类һĵϡãѰֻǵ
жһȻкεۺĵУһڴ˾ӵս
һٳɣ̤ǰС
䣡
ҡضȺɽݣ޾Դɢ
򣡡
ָӡһߵɱѰǵᵲһɡ
ȴûһһչǣϼһ㲻׼ۣûм
ڽУѰһת˶һڴԨƵģƳУʮա
һٶرѰô޸ҲЩҲסһһץ
¡
УٿȻǧˮͰϸɫѤãҫƥʿֲĻϢ
֮ɱ
οһ׼۳֣һ޵߶ԣѺ췣׶ûʲô
ת˲䣬ѰɣͷɢѣȴأЦȥɻЦ󷽵ġ
޸ü䷺ɱӰ˸ݷ׷󣬾׹衣
¡¡
һʱ䣬ؼ䶯
Ѱ籩еһҶۣѹ̧ͷӰģǱ֮
ƾ޸ɱȴһʱ̶޷ɱ
Ѱϵƣɱһһεػָ

ǿޱȵô޸۽ֱɱʢһСţǼֱǺ
䣡
ϣɱУټɽӣԱǣܣͷųƣԶս۶еϢεѡ
ɸ㤵ǣɱ֮£ѰޱǱɾһʯƵģӲؿ
辿ĳı̬
۶Ŀֿ࣬ˡ
ϼһ㾿вУ
ѰѪɫҲ԰ǣһսԵǰ
׼ۣ
Ҳ˰
С飡
޸ͷ͹һСεӣҲѻ뷢ŭš
䣡
˫鱧̫飬һ˵ķӿ֣Ƶģ¸ѭׯϣӿ޾⡣
գ
޸ȣס
䱳ķ࣬͵ػȭ޾⣬Ѱ
ѰͫٿȻһ
ǽսһθܵµΣոУ絶̹ǡ



1817 ն׼
һȭգ
׼۾ȭŷʱת羪ףһִգһȭ顣
Ѱ巢ǿҵΣд̼£ԥʩչɱﵡ
ৣ
ɬʢĹ⣬Դбŷ
һ˲羲ֹʱ̣޸ɱһȭҲ񶨸Ļ棬һ͡
Դͨ
ţ
ͬʱѰӰƾʧһѳڴ޸ǰһڴƿ׼޸ͷ­
ˣ
һӳ
ƥ޿ɾ
ս۱֮ѧ
ȥ޻أ
޸Ŵǡš״̬ʱҰѱһƬѤõĽ⡣
ã
ͫȻʮ𼱵ʱ̣ܣֻӲ
䡫
ײУ޸Ӱ޾ûݺɳȥĲҽҲ֮쳹Ұ
ʦ
Զ۶ʧɫðһ˲ѣͻأط飿
֮ǰȫûз̫ͻȻ
۶ľ磬ҲͲ֪ͨǺε֮ɺͿֲǣʱãȻǵ۾྿һҲ޷
ۣ۶ֻһʥɫ
Ѱǣܵһ޸
УӰڣͷɢⶼ߲Ľ˺ѣѪ죬λãһڣƤɼǣȸܵش
ɼˣǻ
׼۾ǿ
ѰкܲƽһԽͨΪӡƴһԴƿΪͷšȥ޻ءһУǵɱκһλʥ
ڶԸ׼ʱȴֻǽشѰʶԼǵ͹׼۾Ŀ¡
׼ۣ
ʥ֮ϣ޽ӽ۾ƿصĴҲڵ۾򣬵ȷʥ֮ɱȡ
С飬Ҫܣ
ŭԹ˻У޸ɱ̬ױŭһλѪħϢŰƥ
׼ۣܵشһǱһС͵Ϯֱ֣ܴ衣
ৣ
ѰԥܣӰʧԭء
˿̵Ĵ޸ѳʧֳ̬һֱŭ״̬ȻأƴɱǺҲ롣
䣡
عѣңѰԭ֮أӲһھ޴Ĺ֣Ϣܡ
ӣܣ
޸ͷɢŲգѰ׷ɱ
䡣
Ѱͱ᧿Σ׼֮£Ųʱ籩Уѹ֮ˡ
ɱһҪɱ
Զ۶߬˫ȭѰչֳսǱ̫£شһ׼ۣеһ˵ĺ䣬һ뿪ʧܻΪĸ󻼣
䣡
Ѱʱ嫵ɨУͷѪⶼѿһƬ
пѪֻɫɲ
׼ۣ
Ĳˣ
Ѱһ֪ٵѪɱĥѣ޷Ӱľ

ŭ죬Ĵ޸ɱ壬ɱ죬֮ɽ١
һ޸ڱصã
Ʊŭʵ֮£ٽѰһԼ֧Ųסôһɵ۳桱컯ͽ״ʧ
޷̵ġ
ͬʱѰӰƾһ٣ٶʩչͨ
ϤһĻ֣ԾֹС
Ѱǰкݺݲ޸Ĳ
ۣ
ѪŽƴѰһεȿֲͼ޸Ĳͷ­һ˲ͱ顣
ͷ嶼ܶзâϮһըѪ
ò˵׼۾ȴǿþˣܵȴ޸һƲл꾹
һľ֣ʶʲô⡭ԭʱ
¡
˵꣬޸һƲл꣬ҲѰʩչĵ֮򸲸ǣӲĥ
һ׼ۣ诽̫ϳϴ޸
ѪȵһĻ𺳰ĳԶ۶״ǣʧǣʧૣ
ôͱɱˡʦ׼۰ⲻġ
ؼ䣬Ѫ˱ǡ
һ׼䣬ѪϢⷽԲǧ֮أԻѪأȫޡ
ķ絶Хʣߡ
ʱ޵ǰػᱻǰһĻ壬Ϊ֮Ϳ־壡
ͨһѰеڵء
ڴϢţɫ԰͸飬ȾѪգ˵Ϣ˥
ͨ죬ÿһʩչȼԴ㣬ĵһ
ʩչѳ׽Ѱգһޱȵ״̬
׼ۣ˶ѣ
ƣѰһɼ͡
ǰƾϣʥ֮
ĽգɱȺɱͬɱ׼ۣӵеս
ƴ׼ۣ
ѰҪɱ㣬Ϊʦ𣡡
Զ۶ɫ䣬ͫ׷죬ɫ価֮ɫ
ѰŶһ㵹ʦĿ²Ϊ˸𣬶ҪԵɡ
۶˸âһãкβɣ
һϢ߷ôҲһԲʥһơ
ֻǣ˿ѾޱȵѰʱ۶ȴԵø⾯Сģһٴе̬
֮ǰԾŴһʥߣԱѰ¾׼۴޸Ҳ䣬սκ˵
۶ΪĿһеļ֤ߣʵѱ壬¼ɵͿ־ӡ
ʶ¾ȷѰѽ;ƿݣҲ˿ĵʹ⡣
Ѱڵϣһ۶¶һĨŪЦݣ
ϼһʯ֮ƴǷܵס
۶۽Ҳһ٣ͷŻ֪
ৣ
һӣһλεĵնԶѰ
ʳ֣ѰƴҲаܼʱŲܡ
ѰסһõĽ
ϧѰʼնûκζǰ㾲ţɫĳŪζŨˡ
ͷ·𣬿һֻ֪Ŀ档
۶ܲŭһ̣ʹס
նһڵƾձһֻססһƬҶӰ⡣
꣡꣡
ıһڿƷĵֽ㱻Ǵץ飬ָ䡣
⡭
۶׻ͫţſ֪ʱ𣬳ѶһλۣӰΰߡ
һۣ۶ֻĶѣһֲִ׹ߣҪϢ
㡭˭赲诽ɱУ
۶ͰͣԶհס
˽Գۡ
ɫĮƳһۡ
۶һӾͱˡ
ۣ
һλǿյĴ޿Уһָĵ۾뢣
ֻǣ۶ԴҲ벻ʧۣôͻڴ˵أ
۶Ȼһһ񣬵ǰҲΪϵ컯ˣزȾָ֮ģ͸ˡ
Ѱ̲סЦˣдһû׹


1818 󣬷ҡ
۶һڣ˿ֿ˿Ѱ׹㣬ʧǡ
飡
һӣ۶ըĨ׵һֻϡ
ĿôĻղźʹ޸֮ĲɱѰвп׼ۺ͵۾֮䣬Ȼȫһġ
Сѣڴ޸ǰѾˡ
ڣĿɨѰһĨ̾ζֻǣȴû뵽㾹ҳĻᡣ
Ѱ̲סЦ
֪ˣڶԸ޸ʱǲƴ
ѰҲ֣ڸԼΪԼṩһѵĥᡣ
Ͼһ׼۽֣ȱ飬㹻ѰԺ
߰ɣ뿪
ڡ
ܿ죬Ѱǰ񹬣ƺҲߣһ뿪˴ؾ

죬йļžϢ
ǺǣԸ诽Ϣֶεǲװ
ѰѺһ𣬷ڣ֪Щ״ʱЦ
ѰնɱŽ׼۴޸εȾȴûϢ
ֻ֤ȷϢ诽񶼻ڹ
Ҳã֪˵֪࣬ȻԺ󴫳ȥ˭޷ţЩŽʥǱѰɱ
˼
˴Ѱ壬ûоκˣΪľǲй¶ѰϢ
档
һˮЦ⿪ڣԭ˰š
ȻѾͷ
Ȼϣ󣬷ڴؾѪŴ
һʱ䣬𶯣Ȼ󲨡
սֹǳӡˮƵ˷ԾŴһʥڣУ̫¡
䵱֪诽һλ׼۾̫ϳ϶䣬¶Ϊ֮
˭ģôĵӣ
诽ŭȫ̽£ȴѰٲκп˵
ΪһѪս֮ǰһϢǱԼǶ֪սеľ
᲻ֵԨģ
˲²⡣
ɺܿܵ
ֱǻ֮һСĿһʥĶ֣
ˣһ׼ҲˣֵԨ죬׼۵Ķֲɣ
֮һ䶯µ¼Уû˻ɣ¾Ѱɵġ
ϣġ
ͬһ粨УҲû˻ϣԭܼ򵥣һʼǾ£ϺֵԨûκθϵ
ңؾУҲûеϵǿ߳û˭Ҳܽһлɵͷϡ
˷ȥع
п

º
ѰӴϣҲָ۷״̬˾ȣԲ
һʱУһ˻ָһЩɶġֹΪȹۺ񣬶ԡ֮򡱵Ҳһ¥
ǷѩӡŮλʥĴʱѰǵġ֮򡱵ıʰأѰҲ棬
ͨһĪǡ
һЩڡʥĴѰӡΪԴ񡱣Ժ˻߳ۡ
ΪЩԣ𲻵ʲôá
ҵΪڶʱڣѺͻƣ͸ÿսˡ
Ѱ˼
ھʥڣҪս޷;
һߣܣеƷࡣ
ߣǽһơ֮򡱣غѰһеã֮򳹵׳ΣӳԻʵɱ䡣
ѰƵ֮򼱲ãҲݲóһ˿©󼫾Ե֮Ѫ
ġ֮򡱣ֻǳζѣܹѹѩȾʥǵġѿ죡
ߣ
ʥսʽսֶҲѺһ
¯Ҫһƣô˵֮͡򡱵ںϡ
硰̫޾ɾؼžȥ޻ءȴУͬҪµĥ
뵽⣬ѰһһʱĹǣڡͥϡ
ֻҪ޳֮񡱣͵ӵˡµԷֻ
ÿһйĪ֮ܣսڱ
һ룬ϱһԼһ֣ǵȳǺεȾˣ
ȥ׼۴޸Ƚɫɱƽʤİգ
ڴ֮ǰѰѾ뿪硣
ĴƶѲʺٴȥ
۶ͨһЩϸƲݣһע⵽Щ飬עǳ鷳
ǰ
Ѱ֮߳أ
Ҫ뿪ˣ
Ѳ³Ѱ˼
Ѱͷ
Ҫǰ򡰺ɴ硱ҲֻеִҵĴ𰸡
ǰ֮·ݼ彪ϵĽȸǰڴ̽Żսˡȵȡ
СѣҲ޿ǰʱһ·Ĳۣ˵Ǻɴ磬ͥʮսеȻɶͨ㡣
ѵȻСĽϴӲȱ֮ͨῴݣʱǻԵС
Ѱ΢УЩҶףȥǵȥ޷ԺҾ͵һЩĻһȫµݱǡ
˶٣ݱ¶һ죬޿ˡǾȥڰһˣ˵ô޿֮£ڰΨһĻ·
˵Լ̲סЦ
ڰ磿
ǹطܲȥǲȥΪá
ˣٶԣѰľǻۣ϶Ǻɴķ粨ε֮
Ѱ̽˶ãһ·磬ǿգǰ򡣡
˵ҽ紬޿һӵУҵһλϵĪ棬ʱһᰲ˳棬㰲һ£Ĵһж·;ϼһЩ粨ҲһӦ
˵⣬룬Цʱ㲻װһ䵱һҲá
ѰҲЦˣӿůԭǰΪԼź뿪ˡ
Сѣȥɴ磬Ҫؼ
һλȺͳѰ
죬һһһƣһ̸߽˺ܾá


ŻɽԶϣȻһƬӰڱ⣬ϸǺȻһҾ޴ޱȵĽ紬
ֱһƬ½ƵģϾһŽһͨ˴Ľֵ۴αȣɷ׳ۣ
޿һͳ󡱵Ľ紬ҡȡҡֱ֮⡣
Сѣ߰ɣѾ󽻴һˡ
Ѱ뿪ģ峤̿գѰʱλһ֮ɫ䣬ҲһĨء
Ѿ֪Ѱһܿ羳ն׼۵ĴڣѲҽѰС
ѰͷŻɽ
ȥɡ
Żɽۣ֮Ц֡
Աߣۿ죬ȻΡ


1819 
ѰջĿ⣬ǰ߰ɡ
̿յͷ
·ϣһöݸѰСѣǰ㰲ŵݡ
Ѱùһϱдţϵʮᣬ޵˰һʮ꣬ʥΪŶս׿
ڣһӰӡһϮ£ڷɢüǷ
ţһʯ
Сѣϵˣձ֣ҵܣЩ꣬ѱչأ֮ڣϲأ£˭Ҳỳɵͷϡ
̿մ
Ѱип֪϶İš
ϢأѰʩչòҲ֮һ䣬ģ
̿һ棬Ѱαװ㱼䣬Ϊǰľ
СѣǾŶУԽģ˵ԺսܲҪ¶ĴС
̿˵ţɫ֣صؽһȭͷСͨ͸ӨͭСݸѰ
Ѱݡ
Ŷ
ǵϵ洫һĵ۵ȴУǲ֮أκμֵܹ
񣬽ֻΪ˰ԼõĲݣ˵ȵ۾ԼѰܲԾ
˾ŶݣԺʱٵ͵һЩǼϳݣ
Ͼ˭ŶУǾ⴫ġ
һѰҶлǰ˵ȴĳ
̿պЦСѣӴ˿ɲԡĳԳˡ
ԶǾ޴Ư½صġҡڰУת⡣
СѣĳΪ㰲ŵɡƸһλϣλͣ㾡¡
̿մѡ
˵ʱǷҡϣƾոֳһɫȹѵľɫˡ
֬ǣ޳ֹׯ羲׿Ȼ
֣̿ǿּˡ
ЦкȻ̿պ硣
̿մЦǰһָѰ
ѡ
ܣѰѾ֪ˡһλϣׯ£һλʵľʥ
ׯ΢΢ףЦˣ
ûеʱ䣬ׯ´Ѱһ𣬵Ϸҡֺ̿մǱ
޴½صķҡƿնȥ

һ
ããǿУҡŹ̶ĺŲš
һŵͥԺУľިСˮ
Ѱһ£ĥͲ򡰾Ŷ
ӵǴ֮ͱׯ´ţסһͥԺУһЩڷҡϵ֮Ѱ
ҡֻһҡ紬ʵͺһǳûʲôϱͨ˴Ľֵ۴αȵĽ۸䡢ҩ̡
ˣ硰ǶСȵȳЩԶµĲҵ
ҡֹ˵Ǵֻ˴ʱҪһʼ䰺ķá
ʮ
ҪסһЩ뵵ķݣֻߡ
ׯ½ܣǴĿˣ޿еĶɫɫһǷǸ֮
Ҳֻֿˣܸ˰ķá
ѰһǴʱ·һЩֵޱȵľ
Թƣҡϣ˽޵ߣ
㣬ڳ˴ϣһһĿ֡
˴ҷҡ޿ǰ򡰺ɴ硱һ·ϣ磬·;
;ҡͣһЩɿڡǲɹʣ綵һЩ
֪ǿչŵϣÿԼزЩز˳ȥԻʮٱ
ׯ㣬һ·˳˳ˮִʱҲҪ֮á
꣡
Էҡĺʱٶ㣬֪ǿչŵǺ֮嫺͹
Ѱ㣬һǾƿءŶܹԼİء
һǴ֮񡱡
;Ƿʲô粨Ѱôġ
޿ǿչŵϾŴ֮һӵ磬޿һޱǿ
֮ԱȣϵԶԶ
ҷҡϣԡʮλʥлаׯڵλʥԼλ׼۾ǿߡ
ݣһػһҽ紬һ·ȻܵһЩˣҲһ׻⡣
ǰš
ŮʢʳӣԶԴŵɫɴȹģˣ
һһжҶ
Ѱ˵ͷͶҶֽؽʳһһʳڷʯϡ
Ʒɺ⿶ɣлأҲйϹʡ𣬿нһһζ
һʳûǧʥ֮µ޵ߣǸûǮá
Ѱԣס޵ͥԺÿõʳȫѡ
ѰʱͶҶӣ¶˪ѩƵʮָа񣬰Ƶ裬ʹϹ˳Ρ
ЩѰҪôǱչҪôѾܾöûܹȴ
ѵõķɺҲЩпԺִɴ磬ٲ帣ˡ
ڷѰʱͶҶҲ͵͵ѰͥԺ⣬һֻбĿˣڴסޡ
֮ǰͶҶͱⶣҪչλ˵ӣκҪֻҪǷҡṩģԿ㡣
ŮѰʱ㷺͹˳ΨһĲԣѰ
ѰһЩֵҪ󣬱һޣһЩܹı̬飬ҲֻӲͷƤӦΥ档
֪нǿߣɶĹ֮Ըͬʲô˶С
Ů˵ǰǴһЩͣŮ֮ҲеĺɫϲŪһЩֶ̬ΣŮĥÿ಻ԡ
ãİǣλԵϵǰҺܺദԵǴһ˾ĬţǶԴЩŮʱ̬ҲԵúƽ͡
ѰùźͶҶһʰһ뿪
ûãׯ±һŮǰݷãѰӭ
׼Ͼ˴һĽɫٷǷҲøһЩͻйص顣
Ȼׯ´˴δǰŮӣҪĶ
ɵԷĵһۣѰסĺ׹ʯ飬һܾǰһЩۻ㸡Ժ
ô
ͼǰŮӣüĿ续ǣһͷںڵ˿٣̬׿Ȼͤͤ
һҡҷ˵̸ϾޣȴĿ֮ϣأ绪ء
ѰԺУȴֳһŮװȻӰʵϪˮƵĶö
ʱգգ۾Цʣӣϻеڶ𣿡



1820 ȰĪ
̣
Ѱֻһս׵۹ʮʱѾ۹µһޡ
üĿ续һ֮Ƴ뻯
꣬Ѱڵ۹ϽܵۺӼʱһ콾֮ΪѰء
ֻǺ̱뿪׵۹ѶǰŻС
ԺУѰڹŻЩ꣬Ժط۹Ҳû˵̵Ϣ
ѰҲû뵽ǿչŵϣķҡУٴμԷ
һʱ䣬Ѱ֮ԣȻ
ͬʱؾ˿ٵ΢΢üǰӵδҲ̫һЩ
ѣͽ̣ڵִɴǰһʱ͵໤ˡ
ׯЦſڣע⵽ѰɫҲ⣬˭׵ͽ
޿У˭˲֪֮
á
Ѱ񣬵ͷӦʡ
侲¹˽ߣɴʱ˿̣ǵϵԲȥϡ
̣ǰ
ö࣬续

Ѱһ֪ԼݣֻηӦ
̶ȥԺ
ׯ¶
̵ͷת뿪
ֱӰʧׯһ̾ѣǷ֣洫ӣȴΪҪ໤
Ѱüȷ֪Ѹ֮
ׯһѲˣµҲ㡭
ܿ죬ׯ˵ԭ
Ϊ޿һͳྪɾ޵洫ӣһ鳬
̱һ
ǰУʱ䣬һͬдʣӱΪųϵׯѡУΪ洫ӡ
ǽ꣬һϵĽνһǧͻͽһٳΪ洫ҫ۵һ
Ҳ̫ҫۣ֮ܵͬľż
ľ֣ش֮
ˣׯеƣԱ̲̫ܵķ粨
ƫƫأǰóһʡ
һпϵġĵͥˣʱֱ̣ӽ׷ϣ²˷ġ
̲δܣܾ˿׷󣬿ɴ˲ģأԶٰ̰
ʤ䷳̣һܷͷ˭룬·;ϣ˿ϡ
ңһαܾ̾󣬿߳ŭֱӶ֣Ҫ°ߡ
̼ÿ죬طӶݣͱԷóѡ
˱ʣ󶼱̱ΪŻΪԼͷȥϳͿϡ
յĽȴǣ̵ͷ̣ϵǸϴ
˵⣬ׯü䶼һĨκΣΪǺĵͥˣ⵱ʦģȴֻѹﲻʲôæ̶ίҲѵ
Ѱ䣬ء
ׯ¿ɬһЦô죬⵱ʦԳ棬̶Ǹ
ѰüͷЩһĵͥĴ˰ˣȴ޿һͳѡִʽ
ܵ飬֪лεʧί
һǰɴ磬ұŴ̶һɢɢģȴû뵽
ׯ˵⣬зһĨ⣬֮У˰йϣһЩ̶мӣ
д£
Ѱüͷ
ׯ̾ʱ̶Ϊ̫ڣܵżʹѹ˶Ϊжֻȴû뵽Ǿ᲻֮ͬ꣬ѡͿϺ
ѰҲڷҡϣ
ׯҡͷûУҵõϢɳһȺǿߣѾҡϡ
һ̾ŲеһЩˣԵϣһλ̫ԪϹϵĪ棬̶ߣԷȫһЩ
ˣѰ׹жһ
ǲݣ͵ǰɴ磬룬ȴΪݣһ粨
ΪԷ̣ѰὫԼ
Ǽɵη壬ǲǳʲô粨һʶݣǾ鷳ˡ
ѷģʲô粨ׯҲǳصģʱǣõΣ
ׯϸһĨȻ
á
Ѱͷ
ע⵽ׯʥУǿԼսǿءݰˡ
һҲǣֻһʥˣ۵;ṳ̂ϣĿܻᱻׯ¼
Ҫģֻһŵùˣȥ̣˶ѡ
ǾͶлˣԽһᰲ̶ס
ׯֺѰƬ̣뿪
Ȼׯ뿪ûãһϮ£üĿ续̣ٶǰ
ϣһĨ޷ȥ֮
ˣѰüζҿݣͶԷϣջס
Խڣ㾡ܰס±ǡ
Ѱºͣһŷ
һ̧ǳƵ˿ѰЩ⣬ף˵鷳ǰˡ
ѰЦЦ鷳Сһ׮
һ̾ûٶԡ
̱⴦ͥԺס¡
һĬԵӣżḧ٣Ҳǵͳɪһ˿޵Ȼ֮⡣
ѰҲԼڵݣԵùڹУǶԷ롣
̲ԸģҲûоŶԷ
Ҳֻŵʱ˻жݵĺѺͽ̸ʱԵúܳĬľ
Ѱжһϧ
̣ЦȻ㣬㣬һȻģĬӡ
ʱˮҴʮȥ
ҲϤӦѰĴڣֻһֱѰΪǰûʶλǰǵ͵һλѡ
ЩѰҲûţǱоŶеİأľ磬ʱȻ١
ѽŶмصֵգһΪŶսӡĵ֮Ѱеܾޡ
ЩŶлһЩϵ漰塢ѰڲʱҲඥ֮УõΪҲ˲١
죬̶ڴǰ٣ɫ񾲿飬չ
Ѱĥͥ;ס
ʱŮȻҴҶɫؽһֽݸѰǰҪתġ
ѰֽһϱʺѪī֭дһ仰
ȰĪ£
⣬ʻ֮УˣһɭȻɱ͸ֽ
Ѱ΢УɫֽٿȻҽָʧ
ʵǺ˴
ҡͷɫţ㷲
ѰĿ⿴Զڴ̨ǰ̣ҲڴʱĿ⿴˹


1821 
ȥлǰ˵
˳ֱĿŮ뿪ŽһѰǰǲ鷳ˣ
Ѱ룬ûҲû˵ʲôֻ˵ͷ
ü̾һ
ѰԷ£Ϊһˮʵܷ˵˵ҡϣ˭㲻
̳ĬƬ̣ǰԲӦֻ飬ǣڶ
ѰЦŴϣ͵ͺãޱҪԲһЩ顣
̵˵ͷ
˴ηҡϣλ׼ۡλʥʮλʥһ
ˣһЩ洫ӡһĽɫ
ϣλ׼۾Уһѱ¶̵Ĳ
䣬̫ϳϡ
λʥУλǻ£ͬһӪ
̵ʦׯ£һƿյľʥվߣһӪ
˽ЩѰɿ˼Ҳ˵Էһλ׼ۡλʥߣֻʦƿλʥ
̵ͷ
Ѱʣһλ׼ۺһλʥأʲô̬ȣ
̾Ӧ⣬Թ۰ɡ
ˣһ׼۾ڣһв𲽷𣬾ʥ

ˣѰף־ƿɶ̼֮
ƾԷһ׼򣬶ܸԼʦׯ´޾ѹ
˼Ƭ̣Ѱ̹Ҷһ䣬̬öӣʦûʱô
һ㶣ݱòΣҲʦΪѵġ
ƽȴѰпһ֪淢ͻ̼ܻԼȫʦ
ɫǰЩ֪ãɲܲϽΪ˰ʹʲô鶼ɵó
ȴš˵İΣѰһп
˵ͷҶ
ǣط䡣
ѰͥԺʯǰ˼˺ܾá
׼ۣ¾ǲ¶ݣҲֶܹԷɱ
ֻǣԷһˣƱػ粨
Ѱǵǣ£ҲöԷɵԼͷϡ
Ҫ͵һЩЩѰ
ãѰҲ̲סһЦ
ˣ̹ôҲĳ˹ѣܿ۸ˣ汻ƼˣҲҲ
Ѱâһ
ϣ⿴ֻһڲѰҡϣĵͥ˿䲻ڣȴһȺǿ߻˽
ͬһв
ĵͥ
ѰȻЦˡ
Уɱ˰ڵĲ֪ٴˣĿܻηһϣ
ϣǵͷϡ
Ѱȷݣ͵£ܲκע⡣
ɵ͵еߵģ
統εִŻʱνǰ˷ԵУ󻹲ǱӲɱһѪ·
̣һҪԼң
ˣʲô

쿪ʼŶ֮Ŀʱ䣬ѰʼһЩ졢̡һĲ
ҡһҾͽ紬ͨ⣬ŷɭϵĵͼǿչŵŲʱһ춼Ҫĵʮŵ
Ҳ򸲸ƽ÷ҡޱ̣֮ǿŲʱܹ಻Ԥա
ѰĹ۲죬˴ϸǵĽܹס׼۾Ĺ
ϧǣҡչֻһҽ紬һĽ
ĻֻҪסҽ紬ĽܹǿߵС
ѰѲƷҡֻҪԼһĶֵѾ㹻ˡ
죬ѰæµһƧͥԺнв
̶Դ˸еһ棬û뵽λǰһͨĵʦ
ֱ
Ѱ֣¶һĨЦݡ
ͥԺУһ˷Ĵ͵ƽǽ󡱡
תʱܹͨǿеǳ֮ǾʥУһʱҲ޷
ѰģһʼֵԼĪϰĺϣ
ѿƾˣǰѰò
ҲڴؾʱԾŴĴﱻɱһɶ˷һʿֵĺơ
ӵеĵоŰţ
⻹Щѻɽġҩһı
˵ѰҲҵײƣͣܳһʱڶΪ
̹㽫պá
Ѱҵ̣һרƵ˹ȥʲôΣ飬˷ұɵһʱ֪
лǰ
¶м֮ɫ
֮ǰδ̫أֻԷһҲӲϣԷͱ
ͨһʱӴȴ֣λǰڳ䵱һϣǺĵġ
ȻҲˡ
һ淢Σգ̵Ҳֻʦׯ£Ͼֵ̫ǿˡ
ǿ̸ͲҶԡκһ˿ϣ
ԼʦǷܳŵסˡ
ѰȻ̺ʦһҲֻǽԼһѰĻ
ҲȥʲôЦЦת뿪
ڵ죬ѰͶҶ֮ǣԺҪ̷
䲻ԵɣŮǹ˳Ӧǣܿ뿪
ʱһǰվͥԺڣʦãܿʦԸǰի͡
ܿ
ڷиٵһô
ظͥԺеѰѿڣ̹ڱչأʱ޷ذɡ
ͥԺ⣬üλԵϵҺʦ˵ûĪҪ죡
̶óѰġһǰӾֱԴǻ
ѰüǰЩյһֽĪǶԷΪԼв󣬾ֻ̣
ֱͥԺȥ
ǰ
һҪȰѣͼѰ֣ЦЦ߶ԷԼɡ
ˣҳûн̹㣬ʲô𾴳ߣ
ѰͥԺţ㵭Ȼ
һ㶣ָԼӣڽѵң
Ѱ˫ۻǰӰǰ´ӣЦС˵ûûС壬磬罫ˣڣøʧ
Ӵŭ㻹Լһ￴ˣ
Ѱ̾˿ĿܣһС۸ͷˣȥڷҷϲɡ
ЦǷҡ̣ѾӣʶȤҪС
У͸ŨŨв
Ѱ˭ӵ˰衣
㣬϶ᱻΪԴСˣһΣҲƽϡ
飡
˵꣬ѰֱӹͥԺš
һˣ


1822 粨ն
ߣʲôǿߣһҷϣ
ӵһ䣬תȥ
ͥԺźѰ䣬ղŴͥԺŵһ˲ƾʶһ˲Ͳ׽УݷǿϢ
һɫʥǿߡ
ӣ㲻ʲôһ۴ʥˡ
ֻ֣ɱʥʱ򣬶Էٰܻ¡
գѹԷһ£עᱩ¶һЩʵԷ衣
ôһΣԷܻıΪݵֶԸ
˿̣ѰжϳӵĿģҪôΪ̽ԼҪôΪ˼ŭԼ
򣬶ϲֵǰͲ֪
ǰίˡ
Ǹ⣬ղѰӵĶԻһڶС
Ѱ˵ľٶɿֲ֮࣬ЩʧȻӵλǰҲֻһɫˡ
һֻСҷͶѣί
ѰЦ
治Щǰʱԣϰ㱻ˡ
˭Ѱʵ
̵չ洫ӣʦǾʥŷ棬һֱжҡ
Ǹܿأ
Ѱʡ
üͷ壬һĨ̫ϳϻŮͬУҲͷһЩͬţż͵ҡ
ѰʱȻ

ի
λڷҡϵһɽϣǶû룬ÿ
ʱڱիһһ洫ӻһŮ
λõģһۣ޳ڵŮӣѩף̬ţüһĨĹ°֮⡣
ܿ
׼۾̫ϳϻŮ洫УλΪͳȻ
һϵ˺ε˲˭룬ȻǸݰ
˰ҲҺԣȻҲʶվǱߣ϶ĺܲң
չأղŷһĻĻ˵ʱжʱһЦ

һԵϵʥڣչһλ۴ʥʱȴҲֻ˶ܲм
ƿڣǵׯʦ壬Ҫʧ͸ˡ
һЦ
λõܿ̾ϧұ㼤ŭû£һСߣ޿֮ˣҸᣬʹͷ
Цȥ
ʦ㣬ֻһʥǿߣ涯֣Ŀܱ̣
˵
ܿü⹫˵ˣչǵˣݲһǾҪ̫ݣˣ̤Ϸҡĵһ죬ûˡ
̲סʣʦ㣬˵Ǹô죿
ܿãâһ޷̫֣˲ԣ
˽Ŀ˸
ܿϣչȥһϹЩǿߣǣܳҲ̽ȡ׾١
չͷȥ
ʵʦ㣬Ǳׯʦ֪
ܿȻ¶һĨЦݣׯʦ壿ѾҪԹ˲Ͼˡ
˻
˾һ
ܿƿڣ⹫Գ棬ƿʦ峤̸һŻһýġ
ƿգһλʥϣǷҡΨһһվׯߵ
Ҳ֧ׯ¡֪ׯµĴúεȾȣ
һ뵽⣬˶Ц
л̫ϳϳ棬ƿʦܿסѹ
ѣ

Ҹ
ׯµ֮أֻǴ˿ȴޱȡ
ׯɫĮдźεʧŭ⣬һԲ
ŬԼ
ʦãӽڴ˱չذɡ
һϣһī̾Ŀⲻȥׯ¡
ˣ۴ʥƿգΨһһվׯߵǿߡ
ֻǴӽƿյ̬ѷת
ƿգҺʧ
ׯһһ٣üȻ׽ʦ֣񶼱絶
ʦãҲɼοƾǶ˵ɿȥͻʦ󣿡
ƿտɬڡ
Բң¾ԹۣҲԹ㣬ȴǼңҲ뿪˵أƿδҲ̫޳ܣ
ׯ䡣
һ࣬һֱŲһİ׷ЦſڣʦãʦҲΪã⺢츳ܲȴܲʶʱΪʦã͸ùԹԵͷſϹ뿪㣬Ҳǣۡ
չʦŷ棬һλʥϡ
˴Σƿһڴˣׯ£
֮µׯ£ˣ
ƨ
ׯûҵͽˣ⵱ʦĻк㣿
׷ŷɫһʦã¸㣬ڴʱֹҺʦֹܻʦҲԹۣ
ׯºüζɱȥĳ嶯ջǿ԰סɫ
ãȻ̾˿һΣҶʧ
ƿĲֻ̣ҡҡͷ
ŷЦˣׯѳȸѴӴ߳
£ͲǸԵϵİ۶ˡ

ͥԺС
̺ȻҵѰǰȥһʦ𡣡
ôˣ
ѰһۿЩԾ
̵ʦԼÿʮ죬һΣѹȥʮˣҵʲô⡣
Ѱüһ룬ӵһׯ½̴ڵЩׯȷʵûٳֹ
ĬƬ̣Ѱ̹Ľǣ¾ʦ淢һЩ⣬ȥˣҲ޷ʲôæᱻԷû֡
һž΢΢ףȻˣʦӦþͲǣ˰ɣ
ѰһӶԷƬ̣̹һʱ䣬ȥ̽ϢȷˣΣ
Щ⣬ǰǻ⣬οҲǣп϶ⲻȥ
ѰзϧһᣬҲһᣬһΣܹһϣ𣿡
˵ţȥڴ˵أдӻʥҲУ淢⣬һҪʱҸǿ
ºͶȻĿѰӰ뿪죬ȻоԼûп͸λǰ
չڳԣʱջԵЩңҲԼЩʧ
ڣȴҪԼ
ѵ֪ôܻ⣿
뵽⣬зҪ׷ȥȰ裬ȴͥԺûѰӰӡ
ΨһǳԣͥԺƻãʥࡣ
ǡǽ󡱵
кȻ뵽ǰǲǴһʼƲ⵽гһջᷢһЩ⣬Ż᲼´󣬲ɢŮ


1823 ɱ
Ѱ߳ͥԺһ̣ɫЦȫȥ
ˣʥ
˲䣬ʶо׽ǱڲͬһǿϢ
ûᣬŲǰȥ
ҡ֮һƯ½أϽֵݺᣬڶ࣬۴αȣһǳƵġ
ѰסͥԺڳǳ֮һɽϣɽרΪд裬ͥԺڶࡣ
ǣ㴦ܲ
Ѱ·һͥԺʱǽͷϺȻһӰſǣ̬ЦضѰ
Ŷô֪ġ
ѰƳ˴һۣԷģ꣬һϮ£ͷҵҰݣһӵΪ㣬Цʱ¶һѩ׵ݡ
귭˸ۣϹӶܿ𣬸ǣҲ²£ǲǴȥƴ
ƴڡ
Ѱ˵ţѴ󲽶ȥܹסڴɽϣעܲѰѰᡣ
м׶ƽɱɻǱСүζˡ
ſǽͷѰ뿪ĵطЦúܻ졣
ɲܶ£㸸׽һ·Ͼ£򣬿Ĳӡ
Ժǽ£һ̬ӵЦеؿſǽͷϵ꣬ǵоǴ顣
ţģЦҿ϶ĵòˣ⸱ӣҿɿҪԲˡ
ͷ³ͷ˸Żµģ
Ц۾Сӣ㸸ʱһԣҪţ
겻ΪܣΪ٣Ц
ֻǣѰ뿪ķʱһĨɫһһԻĺݲ簡˭˭ù
ţҪҪȥ֣Ǽһ˼ġ
Ȼʡ
С
Ȼܾ
ʱ˿̾ѡ

ɽʱԶַĽ֯ˮ
ѰͥŲ߽˽
һ·ŴɵĴˣŮȺӳû߻ڶ档
Ҳжɢޣࡣ
Ͼɲ˭Ǯҡǿյġ
徳ʿپҲֻȴӵСɫ
ʥˡʥ֮ǿ߷żʡ
ҲһЩʥһЩŹӵܵĳ䵱ŻĽɫ
Ƿҡϵľ
ټ޿ܿܿʸе̵ϷҡģҲֻǵһС˰ˡ
߽ϣѰһοͰ㣬ɫɫʽС
һ߳ʱѰϺ챦ҩϡ
ѰòϣЩкܶأ۵Ʒ޲ǿչŵ򡢸жеϡѰ۽硣
ȻѰϵĵҲˮ㻩˳ȥ
һ
Ѱһǧһľңʱʱ
˵ңʵһС츣ûʲôޱȣҸǽ󣬲ݱš
ʱ㻨ǧ֪ȿε֮һҲܲ
ѰҺ󲻾ãһȺǿҲ⡰
Ϊ׵һʺӣ꣬һ絶档
һѵȺǵĻӭȥһλʥϣͬʱҲǡĹ¡
ϤˣԳƺ
ƣĿ˱ҡ
ǰؽһƽ˺ꡣ
á
˵ͷһλá
ϵİۼһ
Ŀͺȥ¶һĨ⡣
һϣ˽Խҵƽһׯ³֪
ϵׯ³ӣѱᣬοľˣҲ޹ءˣȥ°ɣҶžͿˡ

ҡ
ˡ
һƲŻ߿
һٶȳ룬һʱ佫Żرգ±ǡ
һʱȴȻ֣˴εĿ겢δ¶κε⾪֮ɫ
һľǰһƤ«ƣ̬УڵȺǵ

ӳ絶˵â
˵ظ磬ֿɳסʥƻɱǵѳλãĳΪѡĹΣ
ѰȻ䣬ž
ɫһҲһţϵļһԴˮ˰ɣ
һʥѣȴ
֪ҪԸ㣿
ü
ֻ֪˭ˣֻڴˡ
Ѱ˵ţӰƾʧ
֣
ͫһɢھʥĿֲϢԥһĳ
ãĴƽ䣬ɱʮ

ƮƮһִѰ˵ʱͼӰںǰͬһư
赭дһ˿̻Ϣ
һ£ǿţ뺣ƵģϢرɣ׹Ԩǰڰȫ类޷
һ¡
飡
˱ĳһ࣬ѪˮձŽͱĨ֮С
ΨһȫӶᡣ
һƣһʥ
ͻһĻ̫죬Ҳֲ̫׼ֵǿһëȻð
⡭һʥܹӵе
ţÿ˶ɫ䡣
ǺӿǺĵͥˣλԶԶϣһսӹɵǿ
ܹ̤ʥõ֤
ڣһƾͱһֻӬһ
ѰģȻλҪһЩ⣬ԹϣʹһЩ򣬾ֻˡ
˵ʱѺԥ֡

ô
üͷ
ʱƣһȴþòӱŷ߳Щ̤ʵˡ
ֻɱһʥѣķôʱ䣬ĪһЩ״
ɫ𲻶
㣬ҪҪȥۿһʱȻһӰӱŷ߳
ֻȴ׻㣬͵صɴһģ
ôô
ͼһϮ£ü磬ȻǱΪɵ
ⲻ⣬ϲ
ѰӰƾŲƶĿԨ
ͷĺˮʶ£ѵ¶һӲЦݣ˵ʲôҡô
ҪȻһġ
Ѱ˵ţһִֻϣֻһɿֲѹȶ㽫ȫ
СƵıѰ˴ڡ
һ̣ѰӰһƮȻ뿪⡰ʼգ֮⣬ûע⵽ټ
ΪӶһ̣תӰȫڱΣޣ



1824 ˷ȥ
ϣ
ҡ󣬳˿Ȼһ£Ҳڴ¡
Ͼλ׼۾Ĵڣ˼á
ֻû֪һɱ¾ѷһľС
ѩ¥
㣬һڡ
һȺƣÿһǱ
¥ƹѱȺޱȣõľƣϳ˵Ĳȿ
ңûһ飬κ˾Щˡ
Ѱѩ¥¥𱬣УһЩʵտϱʿ
ʼգȴһ˲Ĵڡ
£ƿ츳ǿߣΪԶѰĿֲ򣬸˿ɿŵѰĴڡ
ǽűʹ¯ںϺ󣬲ɱ䡣
飬С΢ĩ֪Ҳ
ѰŲѱƹֹ˿ľ¥㣬һ侲Ƭֲ̣һؽơ
ߵһ·š
˭˵ҵȾۻᣬøţ
ڴһŲõ
нˡ
ѰȻ
һ仰ֵһ
󣬷ű򿪣¶һӵӰԴɻؿѰһۣ˭Ըģ
Ѫδ䡣
Ѱһ֡
ǺӣϧѾˡ
ȻоѰӦЩ֣ɫǻͲ٣ɣ˵˵£ˣ
Ѱ߽ңĿһɨˣѪδ˵ڵµһžۡ
ţ
ɫһ䡣
ֻǲӦͱѰĴһ߬ס
ͬʱһƬ¯¯ԨԨĵ֮ѰɢҸС
һޱȵĺ𣬺ܿš
Ѱȥ֮ʱԭھ̸ЦλԺĵͥǿߣԱС
Уһλʥλʥλ۴ʥǿߵӵ
һ⣬һɶʬ޴档
ϣζȻڵģľˮҲֻûõˡ
ѰԼƤ«ͷһڣת߳侲ңȻ󳷵ܵĽƮȻȥ
¥УС

ڷĽֵϣѰһĿȥ
֮ǰУڻɱǺһǰѰþ̣Щ˵һһȡаٰĥڵõҪϢ
磬˴αǿĿԼǵս֡ģλõȵȡ
Ƭ̺
Ѱ߽һСͥ¥
ֺż׵ȹУʮ̬һȻŮӣᱡɴȹڷ裬˵ļ֡
ЩŮӣԲͬС磬ڲͬȺչֳջҲͬ
һ̻¶̬ӣһŮ֣һֲʵŮӰ˵ĽѲ
ЩŮӣӣȻûвһӰڷУԹۡ

Ѱû˷ʱ䣬гһ֡
˭
Ѱֵӻһ
ৣ
һ˲䣬类ҹڵĴԨǡ
Ѱ뿪ʱ̱һػʹȥŮŮӣΨӡ

һյʱ
Ѱ߽һרŶ۵ҩС
һڣһ뷢԰ףǲߣڲһ쵤һζҩ
ңѾ˽Ҫͷ
ͯ콫һζĸ
ɫأĿǺϵĵ
ҷſһӰ˽һȼյĵȻһ¯ҩҪˡ
һȻ̧ͷ¶ŭ֮ɫǺˣҾϷ
ѰЦ㿴ˡ
䣬һǵ𵴣֮űйŽζİð
߱ŭϷӣ
ۣ
ͬҲ䣬һĨӳߵʺжϣͷ­׿ն𣬱ѰһץС

ʱУѰӰ½ڲͬĳϢɱոһһ
ֱס·ϣѰָһ㣬Ӵ˴γʼأǰ󻨷ԼĪʱ
Щüǲ찡
ЧǺܲġ
ɱģѾɱˣҲһΪԲж
ɽѰע⵽ڰеһЩǿߣЩסˣϢһЩϸ΢Ĳ
ţû뵽Լܻŷذɣ
Ѱҡҡͷǰ
ǣ㾹ܻŻ
·һͥԺʱݵԴִǽͷ̽˳Ѱ档
ķҡ˭ҶҲ
Ѱڵ
Ȼһ㣬꣬ĿɻẦ˵ģᣬǰһЩȽϺá
˵գﳤȥ
һĭûôƫƫҪװһ㶼ϲ
һתţһϵѪζʵĺܣһɣηҡϣӦ˲ˣֿˡ
ͥԺУλһΣֹ鿴֣ɲ֣֪ܲղ˽̸Ѿ˿УһһЩ˵Ѫ飬ֻ»ỳɵͷϡ
ںɾͻ£ڣҲ¡
һۣ̲סЦˣоǳ磺СӣⱲˡ
ЦԶԶԣһӣҵԺҶŻʲôҪʲôҲֻŸҾͺãҵҾһ޶ϵҲԲð벽
ЦǰԴпƵ˵ûСӡ

һͥԺУѰأһֱȺԺظ㣬˿
ǰɴ̽Ϣ
̻ڵʦİΣ
ѰȻ˴£˵ʦҸչأƿաŷ˿ûΣա

вףǷǽʦˣ
Ѱƽ֪ͣһ·ϣʲô飿
һǿסǰڻ˼𣿡
ѰһΣºҲйء
¶֮ɫң
ԣ˵ЩҡĺĵͥǿߣԷһЩ⣬ΣҲûܴźܿͻϢ
Ѱ˵ĺܺ
̽΢ǰɲҪοңҡģ˭ıӵҶԺĵͥ
ѰЦ벻ţȴϢǡ
̿˿Ѱջѹɻ󣬵˵ͷ

ңһŮ򿪾ҷţʱͻȻһּС
̫Ѫȣס
ܿϢ
ĵͥѪδˣУ
ڷҡϵһڴһʱ䱻׷飬Ҵǰ̽
һעƽѪ¼ûãҡĲͬо˵鷢


1825 
ҹɫ£ƻԻ͵ķҡϣһҶ֮У˷ļʱʱ
šȻƵģڷҡÿ޵ͷ
һȺȺǿ߼ԦѤõĶݹ⣬ѩ¥ͥȵȳ
һϢװ㣬ƻҶķҡϴ顪
ˣһλʥλʥݽǺĵͥǿߣ
ŷѪŨݴ䲻

ѩ¥Ժĵͥλʧ٣˼һ㣬ûκκۼ
ݴѩ¥㵱ʱƿȴ˹֮£¥ƹѱ£Ѷ

ֺͥż׵ȹ󣬺ĵͥ˻ʧֳֻһԼʮλʵ¥
һλĵͥܳˣȴ˻޶ȣĳ£ЩϢѱ

Уĵͥųǣͷ­ժߡ
̲ӣĵִͥ걻Ĩ
ÿһϢһ籩һϢһ𴫳ʱҡϣһС
ϳ˿ͣĸҲʲôӡСһԶ̻̲
ҡĽ紬ȴڽҹѪȵ飬˭ܲ
˵ǣЩɱʧٵģԺĵͥ
ǿչŵ֮ͥһһ߳УܱϵȵĹԴ
޿һͳǺͺĵͥһȣҲرԶԶ硣
ڣһȺԺĵͥǿߣݸߵͣȫˣ
ֱһķ粨Ӱ죬ҡκһλ޵߶
˭
ĵġ
󡭡鷳ˣ
ҲƲЩĵͥǿڷҡϣעܵ

һ̻Ի͵ĴС
̫ϳϻɫһﲻ뷢īһϮۣͫУſɲâ
λʥһʥԼܿһˣ˿̶ǣ
ÿһɫھɡȻŭȵ
ѹֵ˿Ҫ
ϣͳƹԺĵͥǿߣʮˣȫȫˡ
һڴ𣬴˼ž
䣡
ֻ׻Ķҳ鴤һ¡
Щʧٵأѵ˼˲ɣǷҡǿУֻҪţ뿪ҡ
ܿȳ⡣
⣬ǲ𣺡ѱ˷ҡĸ䣬ûзǵټ

ܿŭ
ڴʱ׵ĻһֻˣŻᱻϢĨ
һ仰ڳ˵һ
һںĵͥˣȴķҡϣ²ģҲؽǣۣ
һ뵽⣬˶ŭѵ
أûв𣿡
ͳһɴ̹ǵĺ⣬ĻܵķŭѱٱıԵ
⣬ǰͨһڵأɬ
ûκκۼʱҲûκע⣬ǻŲС
ܿȻ᲻
ղŷԸչҪĵͥǿ֣֮ɾڽգȴЩѪ飡
ңܿѵõϢһѪ鷢֮ǰ뿪֮أҡ¡
ԭܿһעͽǸˡ
˭룬ȴŷأЩĵͥǿȫˣ
ܣ
Ǽһһʥѣܰ쵽һĨɱԡ
ǾǸֻ˵ķ
ʱ˶ҡͷ
ڷҡϵĺĵͥǿߣʥڣҳȺӳûĿһʥɱģ
˿ܹϢڲκ£ܰ쵽һģһλ׼۾ڣ
ּܲһˣΪ˴ڷҡϵĺĵͥǿߣɷֲڲͬĳС
ܿ룬ҲоԼƲ̫ãʱҡͷԺн޳ˡ
һҧгݵȻɵģҲȻйأ
һ仰һ
ȷЩĵͥǿߴΪ̣
£ׯѱ㣬һҲ˰ûв⣬վܳû̵ͷӡ
ƫƫڹۣһѪ飬δҲ̫ɺһЩ
ȥӭɽһ飬Ƿ˺̡˽Ӵ
ϣ⣬Ϣɳҡϵ޵ߣȿֻӡ
˽Եͷ
ڵִɴǰаҵʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬ֻҪץס֣ܻһѪĲӰ졣
䣡
أһŭĴڴ𣬡Ҽҹߵľȴȫҡϣ㲻øһ𣿡
һӣɫ࣬Ŀѡ
̬ҲޱᣬκһλͲָŻıˡ
ɾˣǻ䣬ڳˣһӡ
ԭڣӣǿϵӣпأǺĵͥˣȴ˸ҵ
ؼǣ˵ϵһλᡣ
ϣǿǺ͵ϡһ̫ŵ壬ʥˡ̫֮ۡף
ĸҵ
СϢŭ·̫ͻȻһʱ޷˭СѷģһڣػὫ־
ϱ֤
Ҳͷ
ɿȴ飬أЦֻץסֱҼҹߵľȫˣ£ҿνͣ
˵գתȥ
̬ûһҲ
ǺĵͥǵϣԶǿչŵϵȻԶԶȥ
ڣ̬ٶӣҲֻˣٱҲֻ̡
ʲôȥ飡
ŭ
һ̣Ҳ޷Ļܵŭʨ羪ף

Ҹ
ׯá
ѵ֪˽һϵ飬˵ʱҲ𾪲ѡ
ɺܿʶⳡѪ鷢Ӱ죬ͽ̽Ժ
룬ûץ֮ǰǸֲȥԸʦͽ
вԱУǱӦ
ׯƿڡ
棬ƿպŷɫЩѿҲʶ·󣬽صӰ졣
ׯµ̬ȣǶû˼ᡣ

⾹ġ
ǣؽ࣬ӰԼһľϷ֮ɫ
Ȼˣ续ٳ
ŬԼ侲̲סһԶ
Ѱɫžƶ緢һ춯صĴ»Ȼ


1826 ǣͣ
ע⵽̵ĿʱѰӴӣЦ˰ɣ
̵˵ͷӨĴ귺һ˿Ц⣺һоһ
ѰȻͽ޾֮·̹ԼһɧȻԹ˲Ͼʦԣܰȫ
һüһĨ֮ȥ֮Ҳ٣˻һɾ˵Ϣ
Ѱ£Դʵǰ֣˭
Ƶö
ǣüĿ续ףֻ˵һѵõܡ
ѰƤ«һھƣ٩Ŀ֪һλϧ񣬲̹ﱻǰˣ̹ɲܽжԷ֡һλȿѵĻ
ƳѰһۣΣϲĲ
룬ǲǻֻ֪ǰһˣ͸ҴһĺϢԺлᣬһҪǰ
صԺˣڰɡ
ѰȻһ£˵̹һһᴵһйĺ֪Ƿһ
̾ȵǰ˭˵ģԴӽУҿûչ¶ˡ
ѰаҪ㣬ҪһʱЦŵͷǰϲСŮӱ׳ֺη
˵ţóˮ״ԼĪƴСоſף淺

ѰһĨײĻ㱡
꣬ɽС
һҹѩ¹һ˶һɽۣ֮žƺ«ѩС
ֱͷ¹óһֱĹȻ󽫵ʱֻѰеߡ
ûн̸¹ֻǴ
ȿտƮطѩУ͸˵į˸С
ŽѰһ֪һֹ¶֪ߵζ
һգ¹Ѱ۾˵ס֧ӣ뿪ǰµһۼ
ҲʱѰס˹ס֧ӡ
̲δѰƵİʮָڹϣ촽
һƵһǿҡҷķãã³翻ص
ѰĬĬƣѾõļ򿪣Ȼ¹˵Сʱڿɽӡ
ĵͥԺīҹգǻƮ񲦶ĵңƮ

ɱ˺쳾С
һͥԺҡС
Դ˫ۣŶȣкߺģԣӦЦһƣɱС
Ҳ˵˷ڷҡϵѪ飬һӦһĴȣпǣͣ
ĵͥˣ˵ɱɱͣ
ʱ궼嶯ȥѰȥúøλһģûһƺȡ
ѰӦøҪЮ
ϾķҡϣֻһⳡѪ¼Ǻηʥ
ãλֹˣǧҪմȾһ粨Թ۱ɡ
ɨˣ˿ҡУԶͥԺԼԼ֮㶯Щˡ
Ǽһɱ֮˷¹飬飬òˡ
ٿԼԺӶóֱɷˡ
һ
ವһ£˳ǰţ˵ţҾͿ˭ݷã֤£ɱϡ
λһΣҲ֪СӵԸ֮ô㲻ѿҪƻˡ
˭
꿪ţЦӭȥ
⣬վһȺǿߣΪ׵һλʥϣ¡
ӣһЩҪĴ𸴡
ľȻڣ⣬ǲ⣬ǻסѲ飬ӦһЩܶӵ飬ܹϡ
ԴӲģŲΥζ
ϵЦȥԭ°Ǹûϵ
飡
ֱӹϷţֹȻ滳ɵСүͷˣЩֱ顣
Զ˵˰ɣǼһһ鷳˭Ӵ˭ꡣ
갦ֻ̾ѡ
һ
üţͿµһɫƵؿԵúܷŭ
Ӵİ
껷˫ۣƤЦһһɥǣ
ӣص㣡
ҧòҪߣӭɽҲĵ̣ʲôϣҵȲ
Զһá
ɲֹͼȻһ̽֡
꣡
λʥϵĲӣŤ黨
ٻ˲仯ҽƮ٣ʼգûüӦ
вСүģȫˣҲ⡣
Цڣһ޺ӡ
ɸһǰǿߣٴʱԷ׹ߣɫд塣


1827 С
һǿŵû겻塣
ȻоһɺģȻû˼̾˿ת߽ͥԺûЩ˻
ȷʵ̫ˣȫ᲻Ȥоˡ
°ͣϣٺ٣ЩΪλᷢ˸пˣȷʵûȤ
֮£ϡ
һ䣬̫ߡ
ҡУЦԣУҵСɫҲûʲô𡣡
ʲôض㣬ʹļ׵СүͻȻ֣Ǽһﱳһںڹ
˸ۣСڲ׹
ʱһֿǣȻƽһλ̫ҿɲǳصġ
ƤЦȻɫһ࣬ţҲ鷳ǧ𿪽Ի硣
ǵﷺ֮ɫ˵ͷ
ظƵģֵɵЦ
ֻԼȻ޷һЩǺһȣԼȫһ޺ĹԱ
ŷ쭣ǿܰ춼ͱƣ

ͥԺ⡣
һǿڵľִҴ뿪
³ϣһʥڣɶûüӦͱĨɱˣ
Щ˷أϢ˵һڸ߲ԻȻΪ֮ŭ
ʲô³ϱɱˣ
ֱǵ죡
ķҡǸĶѵͲ֪ʲôоη
ɱĵͥǿߵ֣϶Ǵˣ
ŭڴ
׵̫ϳϻüͷɫ£͵رȳ죡
ըף˽
һ˵һ˵˵ݺ
̫ϳϣǴ˲ϼأССšһ䵱ӡ
һæڡ
Сţ
ڳ˲֪϶Ǹ֣
أ
ʣܹסӭɽͥԺصģɶһˡ
λ϶ͷֱð亹Сǻסӭɽġ
˽Դ㵣һۣһ˿ɸò
ҽֻסһͥԺ˵ĸо̣Ǯ
ʱܿȻɻҲԸԼݱ¶һ־ɱʥڣɿɾʹˣ
ͫһ
Ȼâ䣬ɱڵϷҪСžǺηʥ

ӭɽͥԺС
һգѰ˼Ҳӻء
̧ۣͼҲýĿ⿴һ峺ǳ
ǰƺһЩ£
ʣóı֮ǧ򻯣ľı仯
ƾһӣŵеһܣ
ڸղţûô͵ðˡ
ɼˣǰǰƺЩǿһЩ
Ѱ˵ͷܿһ𣿡
ЦŽݹȥ
ѰУʮָȻذ˹ϵĿ׶ϣĦš
̵˵Ҽһλѡ
Ѱһ̧ۿȥȴ׷ƵģǷһĨЦ⡣
֮ǰһǿչŵңԶĵطҲӴ˹ޱȶصһ۾ϲ
ǸȴǲأǱһֱѰܹ޸ˡ
ҲǻԵɺϣǸѡ
˵⣬ЦŨһЩҲңɣֲַ̡ǡ硢Ψֲͬɡ
Ҳһϵͻơ
ѰĬĬš
ȻԼ
׵۹ʱΪλµһ޽ʶ
˵⣬һͳѣһˣÿÿϣ䶯µĴ£
зȻ֮ɫɺ뿪׵۹ֱ񣬱㲻ټ
λѣѰʡ
ҡͷ̾ǰʱ˵һЩϢȴʲôϢڷԸǿչŵϼ
Ѱ̲סʣΪΣ
̽һ̧ѰΪǿչŵ嫹󣬿ȴѾݲ
ѰһȷӦҲ˵ǰ飬Ҳ֪Լڱȫͨ
ǰ˵ǿ춼ݲһ㣬ˣǻΣգ
ͳԣɲټҲǿչŵϡ
Ѱдӿǧп
ԭԼӲ֪ʱϾǣԼİΣ
̹˹˺֮ң
ѰЦ˵
չһЦˣҲˣǰ
ѰΪȻ
ڴʱüͷһ壬𣬵ߺʲô鷢̹𶯣ȥ
˵ţͥԺ⡣
𡭡
ıӰʧȻӵһʱλǰһʶĸо
ȴԻһֱ޷Ϻȷ

Ѱ߳ͥԺһ۾ͿɽƻͨһĴǣһ𣬶һͥԺǰ
ӭɽÿһͥԺоסǿߣԶѰһڹעһС
ôȥǼһˡ
ѰһϳһסͥԺǸסĵط
Ѱ¶ɫǣ䡣
ͥԺſ߳Ҿ֪ںڹǿСүͷˣ̵ģղžͲּⲻԼԼ鷳
ͥԺ⣬ɱ
һȺǱ̫ϳϻǰоʥʥһȺ
ϻλ׼۾ڣһǣɢĿֲϢ˵
ʱҡϲ֪жǿߵڹעÿһԵޱСģΪ֮еѹ֡
Ͼʵ̫ǿˡ
һ˶ѣҡ߳ͥԺ˵һԻ޶õ̬ò˶ޱȾ
Ǻηʥĵ
ɱĳ£
ɫĮȻڣǿɱû̳֡
Է̫ˣأһ˿ɾûеӸȥɱĵͥĴˡ
ҲɱһɱһȺ
˵ղǸвҵϷ
Цʵ
һ仰ڳ˴ŭôش˵ǰɣڳϳϷֲ˵ǡ
СͷٲʵŲھͽ£Ƥ
һʥϺȳ⣬ݡ
͵һЦб۾ָԼӣζʮ㣺˵õĳƤ첻СүҷǳѾģ


1828 ֮·
ƣÿڵλʥŭ׼֣ȴ
䣺ˣϷһ䣬ĵͥЩˡǷҲǱɱ
ҡ
ڣһȻƥĿֲѹӻѹȶ͵ؽӲʮɽѹ
ͬʱ䵭ĮڣסֻһΣſڿӣСѱ
ԺУϢس֡
ͷԭ٬ЦɫһĨƽͷâȡ
з֮ۡ
գȴһסĵɱſںǣĿұڹǿɶҪɱˡ
һ仰û˵Ŀ⣬붼ͶԶһͥԺǰѰ

ϳѰȻãĿɱĵͥǿߵ֣
ҲЦջĿ⡣
еһλʥϸѱͲ顣
Сϣ
ҧ˿ɲã
мＸһ㲻˵ִܿЦ
ǿĿԱơ
ѰüеȻܲˬıʱвˡ
ͼһӬģַʹСүǶ಻ңֹ˱ڹһȺĶʦţҲˡ
ɫСӵڻһƤģ治֪ôдģ
ʲôȻͫһһ£ɫ䣬ͥԺ
ͥԺУɫ飬ţɱˡ
ޱȵĳ硣
ڳüע⵽Ĵڡ
һʥ̲סŭ̫ţ㡭
飡
˵һ룬Ȼ飬Ѫ׹һأһŨѪ֮
һڴкȻɫ䣬ʶòۣ̬ӵһز¶Ŀֲڡ
Ѱͫ׶һ򵥰
ڳΨһ޿ģ̾Ϣ˵òԻġ
Ⱥͣ϶ѣ㲻Ͽ䡣
ЦĿӣ
󻪵䣬ǰ
ڴʱԭһɱƵĻ䣬Ȼ˳֮ǰе֮¡
ۿɼ䱳½󶼱亹͸
ȫ㵣𾪣ѻȸ
׼۾ϹɴʱȴƶԷΪǰͷԭ£
ֱһǾףԭʦȫˡ
ѵǡ
һ۾ڣ
뵽⣬ͷƤ顣
ûһֱͷĻ䣬꣺˵ô죿ίȫɱˡ
㤣ɫȻ
˿ֲλǸˣ
ǰ
һ̣ͨǣҵ飬ˡҵһΣ
һ׼ۣĿ֮£ϵعˡ
ڰйעһĻǿߣ޲⻪̫ϳϣ׼۾ڣɾ
һĻ𺳳жˡ
ѰжһȻҲԼ²Ǻεȴˡ
мž
ûصĻ䣬ֻǽĿ⿴ꡣ
ɫ粻֮ȴһ֮ǰźͰ裬˼⡣
ã̾ţ˵˴γУ鷳𡣡
鷳Ǿ鷳οְֻ֮ˡ
һγţҵ˵ԳҪʲôʱ򽵷ģʲôʱܻؼңġ֮·ǰߡ
ԳһЦǰɱǣΪˡġȴһܡ
зһĨϧŸտʼżġ
һ
˿̣˶ȴеͽһѰıֲ⡣
͵һڻϣߵλ׼۾̫ϳһϣǱ
ҷȥϵķΨַꡣ
ˣͷûһָŻһλ׼ۣȴûƤû޷ǣֲһ䣬Ҳû֤ɵֻۣɫⱲҲˣ
Բȥֺݺ˻伸ţһŻ˻ϣһأԻǵͷЦ
Ϸ
ݺһȴûһȻ׼۰Ϊ˹͵ϺͷҲ׵Ҫ
ɡ
˻֡
ɴգмߵףĿȴλ
ôһֻͷ棿
Ż˾æҪ뿪طһҲٴˡ
š
û͵һĶλСүҪڣ
ƽ˵õĳƤأ
һ仰羪㣬ûλʥðͨأġ
ͼһץ˲䣬λʥһƤҶһ类һ˶ʹࡢ־Ť鴤ޱȵʹС
ʼն
ѪܵĲһĻûɫɷףƤӣȴ˸վ顣
գλʥȴԪ𣬱˴ߣҴ뿪
һߣ󡪡
йעһоǿߣֻⴸңǰڣѹòѪٲҳǱٿһۡ
һʱһԶѰƽѰһ˲ȴСϱһϡ
Ȼһ˲ջĿ⣬Ѱ֪һľ棡
ʱȻǽͷݺݵǣںڹҰ㱳һΣ飬Ժ뻹ҡ
Ѱ΢΢һЦȻм㣬ɹףҿɴû㱳顭ҲǷ
㡪
õۣţҾǲǸһҲһƤζ
Цеģɰ
Լһæˣˣ۱ֲ۵ļһʶ
ѰЦЦת߽ͥԺ
Ŀ뿪ɫƽţ֮ǰһɻϵķǺϣֵǮڲŷ֣ˣǸǾͲһôһķǺϡ
ɫ飬š
ֲõһۿ͸оһ˲һ
¶һЦݡ
Цеš
ûиߵ꣬˻зǺϣͬҲŲͬ˵ĵ
ʼգ˸ûвһ˿η壬ƽʯ
ֻ֤Էη̫š
һҲǣɱĵͥĽɫĿѰ֮
֮ȣϻۣһĥУվǷȱһЩ
ţֻҪܹڴ˴ԶнģԺĳɾͣעҪ֮ϣ


1829 
һҹ̫֮ϳϻ¹ĵϢ籩㣬ڷҡȻ󲨡
һλ׼ۣεǿ
ǿչŵϣǾ뢰Ĵڣ
οݻѰ޿һͳ̫ϳϣ֮ǰ޿
Լŵķҡϣȴˣ
飬̫裬ɳش
һںĵͥǿ߱ɱŻλ׼Ϊ˻òģɶˡ
˰Ըп
ҲһЩֻ֮ڿĺϷ
ܹһλ׼ģݿɲ򵥰
Ϊ˸еľʼע꣬ݽд⣬ȴ˵
ֻ֪ԡСšֳ˴
ֲĻߵпһλ۾ڡ
ȻܹעߵϾޱȵ׼ֻۣǰͷ
ܣǵ۾ڣȫԺǿգ飬УĿܻһֻܳ˴У
Ҳ˷
֪۾ڣǿչŵϵһϰֻ죬ͨ
˵׼Ѿи߲ʵĴڣô۾ǿߣֱһӳ죬ǿյĴ˵
ȴڣҪ˽紬ԶУ
ο˭˵۾һ߳䵱ʹӵģ
óƶϣӮòͬ
۾һԾµͨ˭ʸǸΪͣ
ʲôƶϣҲûжϳ
һʱ䣬ڷҡǿУͶԵˡ
ѰݵġʼʽûʲôڸС
ԴˣѰּɣͲû˹ע
͵͸е͵ӡ

һǿ߶ԣһһҹֱһجΡ
һںĵͥǿ߱Ѫɱڷҡֻš
žͳһԿƿֲͣõ̫ϳϻ䶼òģ
һϵеĴǿ߶Ҫ
ҡġ
񣬷ܵĴӰ
˵̫ϳϻڷغֱӱչأںʱٳأ˿֪
ǿ߽Ȼ
֪ܵĴ̫ˣûټˡ
ô죿
һʱ䣬Ļ̡̻
գһλ̫ϳ棬ȶס˾ơ
׼۾ǿߣѩ꣬ۼ̺ΪҪǿһЩ
ҷɴķҡͻλ׼۾ǿһ
һУһ߲ټ´
Խ˭ȥһһͶˡ
ͶΪɱĵͥǿߵ֡
ڴ̴ŮϣҲ֣ڵִɴ֮ǰٳڶ飡
ǰ˽ĬĬܣûзҲûӷ
ɵһʱ̲ܿס̫ϳϣǺĵͥϹӿеˣǴЩĵͥǿߵҲ϶ֲϵѵˣ
ǰ
һЩҲ׷׵ͷ
ü˵ˣ̵Ҳܣ˭ڶҲ
˵գȥ
һ޵ӬӪ໥顣
Ǵ˴λܵĴ̫ͲЩ¡
Ŀ뿪
ʦ㣬̫ϳʲô˼
̲סʡ
ܿһڶǲȥԸˣûϵֻҪڷҡϣȵ˺ɴ磬עҲӲˣ
˵⣬ܿһ£ˣٹһʱ䣬ҡ롮׵򡯣ǻͣ죬ҪˣûǱӣ
˶˵ͷ
ĵͥһǿ߶ѾˣˣʲôȥͿϽ

ʱƣҡϵսƽ
ò˶һ֤ɱĵͥǿߵ֣ûмڷҡ׵Ĵ㡣
ͬѰ̵Ҳָ
ɻ£ǰԱʲ٣żҲΪѰ
ѰȫͶ뵽УֹǡŶ٣֮ĴҲ˾ɱ䡣
֮أֱֳࡢࡢڡơԣһ̥ƵĹΣһһɡ
̥
ͥĴ󾳽磬ֱ̾ɫζ¾
ǰʱѰ۳̥ԡͥĲ˳ͻɫ
ڴ˾֮ص飬ͻΪʵֳԵġɫࡱ
ľ飬ֳ桱ɫࡣ
ֱִζͻڡ̥ƿǶӵԼġζÿɢĸԲͬζ
¾߷ӵиԵʶ͵С
ʱѰԡ֮񡱵ĴѱͻơζıԵ
Ǹеġľ顱ǿɶʱ
ľ飬һľʱһУȻǵ۾¶޷ҵʵݡ
һѰ
ԼһָоСźֻѿԼαװġ
Ѱвһ˿衣
ɴ磬עŲٵ۾һǲԼڣ׿Լڵαװ
ܴ֮񡱣ȫһˡ
¾Ǳ˿ԼǼٰģҲϲɻ³Լʵݣ
ΨһѰЩе鷳ǣ꾭ǽͷϣƤЦظ죬Ƶģ߶߶
ѰͥԺ󣬸綯鷳Ͳˡ
ʱһԹӣĹѸƵģҪȥѰš
գû߳һͥԺҲֻվǽͷԶһ
һ졣
ҡʻ˰׵ͣһΪ족ĴϿա
һЩ˿ʹҴ´ʼͽóףʺϺ챦
ҲһЩ˿ͳȺӣǰ档
飬·
޵߶ԣǿ磬ͬһѵޱȵıУ;飬Կɳһĥ¡
磬˰׵һ磬̫ŵϣ̾ڴ˽硣
ͬҲǰ׵һʼ̫ʱںպġ巽֮ۡһġ׵ۡ
һ磬ԡ족֮չ֮
һԡ׵֮֮ۡ
֪ϵĵ̺Ǻεǿ
ʵϣǿչŵУҲһȻĴڣȫѷɫڵϡϡϵȵ̫ŵ塣
һ죬ѰҲһǰһɸһ߳ͥԺţͱһȺ赲


1830 ׵ۺ
һµİ׵۳ǣ£롰ǿչŵųǡ֮һ
׵۳޽ƶ֮ϣͨһֻ̫ʱڲеġѩʯɣʯѩ׹⻬ƣֳܹתѩۡ
˳ƶ֮ϣԡǻ֮£±Ӵ񣬼֮ΰϡ
ڽ緲У׵۳ȫԳһɳǡǴ˵ɲǰĵط
޵У׵۳硰ʥ֮ءΪʢһ޵֮ǡ
۰˷䣬ĺ屦
Ѱ̱ǰ˳ǿһʶһµĹϳǳء
˭룬մͥԺţͼһȺǿ߶ǡ
Ϊ׵һھľʥϣλʥһȺ۴ʥӡ
оǸѰΪ˻չƣѰȴϵû
ʦãǽӵ˽ǰ磬ڣֻίͥԺˡ
˵չƤЦݲЦֱѰ
𡭡˭˵
üݷһ˿ŭ
ôʲôֻ֪ΪԵʣھʦʹҶֻڴˣһ˵Ķǲȥһ⣿
չͷ
ĿһɨھˣɫĮвһ䣬ͬźͳ
ʶȤһЩԹԵʦԺ򣬿ɱϾ顣
չĿⲻмƳѰһۣ档
ž
Ѱ䲻֣һƳչϣúһģͨһڵءҽУڱѪŶ
˽Դ㵣ʼϲû뵽ѰصĽɫȴҶ֣
ھɫһʥ棬ȥ۸ԼŵĴˣֱʮơ
̶ӣЩ졣
ӡУλǰһ̵͵Ȼͷˣ
ڴʱѰ俪ڣҵ֮ˣһСģֱɱңҵҪ彻
һ仰ԭѰھɫһͣɫ粻
˺ھҲ¡
ΨһĵǣǰЩ죬̫ϳ˵ڶ
Ƕ֣϶϶̣ڧ
㾹Ҵң
չһķŭš
ž
ѰһƳȥչһҽУˤڵֱͦͦ˹ȥ
չһλ۴ʥɾ˹ȥ֪Ѱε֮

ھŭˣȻչϣȴҲе类ơ
Ҫ֣͵ؾע⵽֪ʱϳ˲ԶϴһĨ
˵Ļ
ĮȻڡ
ھ巢͵ʦҲˣˣӲܣ
Ҿʣ˵Ļ𣿡
üŨ޵ľǴм顣
ھɫһãŵͷʦѵǡ
ߣ´ΣҲ
תȥ
ʼգû̺Ѱ
Ҳֻ֤ǺԼ´־ֹ
ѰһֱԹۣ̬Ⱦ۵ס
ˡ
һھ̾ղʦѵĶԣ̣ȥ磬ȥǣҵȲκ
˵գ˺ͻеչת뿪
ҡԣѵһ¾һչ߷ɵĻᣬҪҪ뿪
ѰĿ⿴̡
̾뿪Իһѡ
ϵǣȴҡҡͷת߽ͥԺǰȥ˽磬಻ţǾԻһʱ֣£ǰ»ᱻɱˡ
ѰЦЦٶ˵

ӭɽ¡
ȴҲѰӰھüӶ
С˾ûϵ
Ʋ⣬ھǰģ뿪ҡ
ôΨһĿģûڽɱѰ¡
ʦ壬ˣ
չѾֻӺͷĿȫǡ
ô죬Ҫȥһ̫ϳϵֶΣ
ھһ仰תȥ
չʱˣæ׷ȥ
ûھûȥ͡λʥа塣
ЩҲãǸȥ˽磬Щ֪ôġ
һֱſǽͷϿֵ갵ֹһ
ֳ̾
ϧϧ׵۳ǰ̫Ű׵۵֤֮أǽϣӡʮ׵нնͼڲؽ߰أҲ֪Ǽ١
ͥԺУЦп꣬Ҳ˰׵۳ǡ
ֻǣ뷨һ
̫Ű׵ۣȷһλ˲õУȴû߳һԺ̫Ű׵۱ȼҫ
ǵϵһˣֻȼƴŰˡ
׵۳ǡ
ҲѾܾûٳֹһλܹ׵һ˾صġˡ
ȻĿ
ڰ׵ǿչŵУһСȻ

ûǰ׵۳ǣѰҲһ˿ź
̫ʱڣ޵Ļƽʱ򣬵˸ŵĵ۾ڡ
׵۱֮һ
׵۳ǣǿų֮һǰ׵죬ǵȵطǺεȳ

ǰ޵ߣǽó׵ģǴģ½ء
ͬʱҡֶһˣҪ˴ǰɴ硣
ֱҡ뿪磬ʻããǿʱϢ
һһЩҲڷҡϣǰɴ磡
һʱ䣬ҡǿ߽𶯡
ϣǿ̫Ű׵۵ĺᣡ
˵ΪдЩԵϵˣ⽫ӭɽϵһͥԺ˳
˵ЩУһλнµľˣ޵һٰʮأ̤ʥСʥ񡱵ʮλ
˷㣬ɼǣ֮Ů
˵ЩͣҪǰɴ磬μͥһַһ۵ʢᡱ
˵
ֹڵЩ͵Ϣһðۺ;̾
ЩϹͣ˴εǴĻһЩ޵ߣֻԵϵĹԣδע⡣
ΨѰȴһЩ쳣
Щ޵УһȺͷңֲ£еɮˣ
ЩɮϵϢѰԼᵽһЩͬѰζ
ڰͷ֮һزؽ硱˵Ϣ
ûдɫɮ£ԳһС¡ķ޵ͳѰ
Եزؽ紫˵Ϣʵ̫Ϥˣؼžܹز׽ֶصϢ
ѵЩزؽͺ¿ѾԼټ
ѰͥԺ˼


1831 ľ壡
ЩԳơ¡ɮˣžסӭɽµһͥԺСѰʱ򣬼ܼǳţԵúܵ͵ء
ԵϵӵܣֵúܻԾֵĽ档
ֻȴ˼λ㣬µġ¡
˵ŮһǴͥԺڱչأ̿ͿͥԺǰֹκ˿

ѰӵͥԺһǵ˲ת硣
ͥԺУϥصѰһӿֳ貳ʢɫ⡣
ˣˣˣ
ڣľ̥޶İ𵴣Ũʵʵɽ籡ԼһƵϹʥжġ
״ʱ
ֱһƵѰͷ̨֮ϣٿȻһӲӵĹꡣ
תУһһɫӰͨɫʯĥɣӨ͸Ʈ⡣
⻪ȥ
һƮȻأһϮڷƮҷ忡ݣӰɢȻϢ
ϸһģѰһޣϢȴֳۻľϡ
ľ壡
һľ̥Ĵ
Ѱ̧ͷľ壬Ŀ⽻һ˲ѣѰƾһѪˮ֮С
ͷ·ԷԼһֻ֣ҪԼһʹָöԷΪԼá
Ǵͥζе̥ƿǶӵԼġζ
̲̾
ɫӵСɫࡱľֳ̥桱ɫࡣ
ζľӵд֮ζ
¾ӵиԵʶ͵У
£ѰŸͻζһľ壬Ҳֻһ壬ûԼʶ͵С
ˣѰԣѾ㹻ˣ
һ
¡
Ԫ񡢾񡢵ȫӿľڣıֳһ֡¡״̬
ǿľ
˲䣬Ѱ͸ܵľͷֳ
ľߣ֮һ֮֮
ڡͥУʦרŲľһɣ죬ƿ֮
ѰĬãȻ˸ָ
ܣٿȻӿһɣȻҡҷˣɺҶĵơ
ȻŨľϢ˲
Ѱһ
ǧɣ˲仯˲кɿҶţ类ǿӶᣬûöҽƮһա
ľƿصġ֮
սУһָᱻӶᣬľή
ͬǾ˵ĻҲԴﵽ׹ǡá
ѵõǣľͨ츳ܹѰһϣ
ӵľ壬ҶһǣֻһӵĴ츳
ѰҲ⾪̾ʦָⲿֱͥƾ˫ɶ컯
Žֻǵһľ壬ӵͨǽľ߷һһ۳ǿȫͬͨ
ǽ¾߷ʶ͵Уָжǿ
ãѰųȥǽ󡱡
Ҳڴʱ̴ӷ߳ԴɻǰΪҸоһƵġ
֮ǰѰĶԱڱΣʶͬһͥԺڣȴǻȻû˿
Ϊͻơ
ѰЦŸһɣı类ֳʵľ塣
ֻϡɫࡢζϵı仯һ˸Բ
ԭˡ
̻ȻֻǿѰĿ⣬ɴһ˿ɻΪͻƶѣıһӵеϣ

ͬʱӭɽ¡
һͥԺУһλö飬Ĭеɮ˺Ȼüͷһ塣
ţ
𵴣Ϊ˵ϢȻʧˣ
߳䡣
ͥԺУһȺ¡ͷҵɮˣϴÿһϢ纣ɬž
ֻǣɮ߳ʱЩȻ
ڤ
ÿɫ䣬ԴԵϡ
ڵزؽ磬ɶкܶ࣬ɶ޺Ҳɶɶȴֻоλ
ڤ֮һ
ɶ̳Сزؽ硱ߴеĺĴˣÿһݳȻӵоʥΪɲ⡣
ȻһЩϹڶɶǰҲػʾأ
ڤֻ˵ͷ߳ͥԺ
ͥԺ⣬һͷҵĿɮϯضϢȫޣһʯ㣬ۡ
ڤȴ񣬵ɿʦ˵״еġת顯Ӧ˵Ϣˡ
ת飬һޱȵı
ƾ飬زؽ綢ϵġˡںεأܹزؽǿͨطӳڴ˱ϸӦ׽Ϣ
ɿյĿɮǵĿзһĨâǰʱ˾ڴ˴ϣһʱһֱڴˣûзκ뿪˴
ڤ˼ô˵ӦҲѲˣʶһܹڱϢķţתĸӦ
ɿյͷڤǧҪ⣬ǰһʱ䣬ڴ֮⣬ɽԼʮλɶ޺Ѿ˵Ϣɵȴȫ˸ɱˡ
ɽ
һλزؽĵ۾
ڤȻҲ֪£˵ɽǱһɫɽ̴üĶ
£ڵزؽ绹˼Ķ
ƾ˱жϣߣ϶д໤ǰ䵱ġˡҲΪ˲ɽ򡣡
ɿɳƣֱڣûв׽ʲô쳣ϢֻԼжϳҡϣλĵ۾
һӦǵеϹŶػнµŮͥԺǰ
һͬҲӭɽϣһݸò߰ŵһꡣ
ټҵĻλ۾ҲҶ϶Ƿȴڡ
⣬ڤһݣʦĪҲΪ˶
ɿոҪ˵ʲô
ϢأһӰƾոֱ֣ڤĿ⿴ɿգ䵭
ҲزؽҪʲôҲûȤ֪ҴֻǸ㣬ǵ£ᣬҼ˴ԶΣ˭ʶȤظƵͷϣͱҲ
ˣ
ɿճĬƬ̣ɡ
ߣתƾʧ
ÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ڤз⣺ʦһλ۾ڣ
ɿյ˵ͷǵӿŻɬĺڰ⣬Ҳã֤˺޹ء
ڤüʵҲһ۾ڣԻһλ
λʲôݣ
ϸ˼ּ
ɿպȻ̾˿ͳҡϣǲԻڤûв鵽˵ټǰҲֻܿԼȥѰˡ
ڤɫ両һĨû뵽жɿʦڣ˲ۡ


1832 ҵ
еϵһλ۾˴ϣöɿҲĴһĹ˼ɡ
ûв״ǰһжЩͬľ͵ִ˵׼ͻʲôʡ
ؼǣһҲ֪˵ݡ
עһ
ϾУһĺ͡ɵ۳桱йص컯

ӭɽɽȪӳ䣬һµͥԺ
ͥԺǰ
һ۵ߣһá
ߣһȺԵϵĹӵܣһ»пŮ׿
УǱǳֻĴڣޱȡ
ɴʱЩŮһϹϾҳϵĽͷâȫ
ԭڣǲߣǵ棬һλ˲֪µĵ۾ڣ
׵ǿչŵϣҲһ𶦶
˳䡰罣ۡ
ﲻǽ磬Ҳǰ׵öһЩĪҪǡ
ڵЩСһʲôԣһǱˣҲǾȡˣҲۡ
ǱϾս죬ŽϵѪҺˣҿ԰Ǳ𣬵ҳȡ
һƽȴԴи͸¶һ顢Į֮⡣
һŮ
棬һҷҡѣѵǲĽɫ
̲ס
Ƴ˴һۣŵúɫɷףڵأ亹͸
ջĿ⣬һƣǽϣΪ̫һľҷͰŻһһ
˵⣬Цã촹࣬ҽһѾͷһľ֮š
Уο
ڳһŮԲʼɡ
£
һǶʼɶּɵͬˣһһٰʮأʥ񡱵ʮλ֮Ů
Щϱǰֻܵͷ̾磡
ȥɣסҵĻǿԣɱҲ˭ģֻǰǱ𡣡
߻֣ɢˡ
ЩСǲ֮෴ṳ̈ʥ
ȴ䲻еİ轾ݣе٬еĸ޶
ֺ󱲣ֻбĺ
Ψнµˣ˲߷ۡ
ʶŽҪǰɴ磬μͥһġ۵ʢᡱŻͬ͡
زؽ硢ССҡϣ򵥰
˼ʱһơ


ɫء
ŴڵһϵĹͳ˴ԶɣңҲһѹԽЩκҪģͳͳ㣬κε͵
𣿡
ͷ
ǰӣĵͥһǿ߲űɱʱ˭ȥȻ
ŵͷаһ
ǰɴг̣ᷢ˶ನۣеѹ
ǵϣСߵԼĵͥǿߵһɽ㣬ѹͷ
׼۾ľ֮С
֮ﰡ
̾

زؽ硢Ͽɶڴϣ㲻ϲ𣬲⣬ò˶ã϶ᷢһЩӡ
ͥԺУЦпڡ
ҡ޾ɵط۷⣬˷ܵزؽ磿ⲻǺڰͷ֮һ˵ٹأֶ飬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
ĦȭƣĭɣǵϣǺǣǿɶ̫Ű׵ۺᣬһ£洫ġҽҡǷ紫˵ǰ
Цݶʱ̣òѣֿԣȥ֣ҿɲӦ
һ仰һˮƵģʱʧȥ̱ҡС
̾У֮·ȥĥһ£ĿɾͰţ͵ңһ£
ΰǲӦ
꼱ץҲ޿κΡ

̹ҡϣӿƹܣҵĻ鷳š
ѰܻɣЩزؽ紫Ϊʶò̡
鷳
һˮ
ѰͷԣҲֻҵĸоҲ˵׼Σи׼
һ
Ѱ̶û뵽ǣڵ鷳ˡ
ҹɫī
ʥھԵš
̣ϵĹţһǰƴһ
һ仰Ѱüͷ
ϵˣĿ˵֮϶˹̣˵Щ͵Ȥ
Ǹ̹ڱչأ
Ѱһڻؾˡ
ھɫһģֻһĽɫʲôʸ
ѰӲ̹˵ˣҵ⡣
ھж¶ɱǻòͷˣ¸㣬̲ȥƴξɱ㣬̫ϳҲܣ
ʱ߳䣬ʦȣ㿴
ھɫһͣˣʲôȥĵͥĿϽ
æ̣ȥǿɾ˼ЩϵĹͣɵﲻ̫ϳ϶˵ˣǵ͵Щ͡
¶֮ɫΪ˲ǣҪȥƴ
ھ̾Ϣ̣Ϊ㣬ĵͥǿ߶˲٣ҲǣΪ㣬˵ϣǺʦׯ£Ҳܲס
ݱãںȴòںʦׯ¡
̹ҵģȥ¶ˣڴˡ
ѰȻ

ھŭˣϴǰʱΪѰչ飬ڻ
ڣѰӣĵŭͺֱӱˡ
һϵʥȴԣֱǻòͷˣ
ɵҪ֡

Ѱֱˡǽ󡱣ھ赲ͥԺ֮⡣
ܿ죬ͥԺھŭ쳷󣬷ұؽʬΣң
ܻҡĵ̣ڵãһϵʥѣȴԣ
ѰֱһУͥԺ£Ƥƺ«
ҵţ
ãھһݻȻȥ
ʱѰŽĿ⿴̣̹㺦𣿡
ҡͷҡֻЩʦ𡣡
Ѱģʦһλʥ󲻸Ҷôģǡ
һǰ㣬ôǺá
оƲסĵǡ
ѰЦЦƵᡣ
ľ壬Ȼ鷳ҲѾɻ䱩¶һЩʵ



1833 ޿
Ƹ
̻ԻͣӰ
ܿһһǿߣԱϹϾǣԵϵһڹ֡
¥У˿輧衣
ܿǴŵЦݡ
ղţЩϹʱһ䣬˵һһλ̵Ĵˣþʫ续
ѵõһ辫տһӰ
ȻЩϹȤ
ܿȴİ壬ǰ
ܸþܾˣ֣Ҫ뿪ɾûǰˡ
ܿš
̣աʡУ֮ϡ
޷̵ǣλĵͥĴˣԭĵ¡
˭룬ȴƫƫϲ̣
ܿеĶʻʢ޲û̡
λ̹ôû
أһӿڣüͷ΢塣
ֵնʱһ˿ͣ͡
˶Ŀ⿴ܿ
ܿҲһæ԰꣬ȥһ¡
棬ϴѪᣬݼЩŮհ
ȹͣܿɲκε
ֻǲߴ٣ͼھɫһ˷
ʦ壬ʦأ
ܿʡ
ھҧĵסˡ
ôĵӣ
ܿİâʦ壬Ϊβ֣
նһ
ӽ˽üͷһ壬һĴˣҾܾ
ھɫ粻ͥԺһؽҲ޷ǳû̶֡
ܿһ˪ǵķҡôֱд
Ҳʲôһ䣬ǲǽ˵Ӳ벻λ̹
治óЩķ
ڽ죬Щˣűǵ桰罣ۡѵһжܲζ
ŻƸ󣬽ƽ
˭룬ȴ飬жܲá
ѵǵҲˣһˣҲҾܾûǷа
ԣܿһ飬æھʦ壬鷳һˣʲôֶΣһҪʦøҡ롯
һ֣ҧüء
ھҲЩϹܲˣʱҵҴҶȥ
ܿһƱ¶һЦݣȾλһλĪҪʦһʶ
ɫĮȻ̲ƲҲա
գʱѹ
ܿɫΣ彩ӲŭˣˣԲ˵Ŀͷ

ӭɽ
ھһȺڶһ·ϣ˲֪Ŀע⡣
˷ܵǽͷֹϷඡ
Цеģûᡣ
һطһƣƻȻ
ɽͥԺǰɿպϣʼտȻ
϶ţͥԺˡ
ִѰǵͥԺǰھ
ҡϣؽ󣬰ӭɽϵÿһͥԺвĽ
϶ţǸЩƵϡ
϶Ӱóһ״̣һӡ
ˡ
źѰͥԺĽƱֻʣѰõġǽת
ھڣû֧֣תʱھ͹Թϣҿ㲻Ҵȥʱڣ
ɭȻɱ硣
ֻǣͥԺȴ˻Ӧ
Ѱơ
ڷ
ھɫѿһֵ֣󣡡
䣡
ھһǰ߰λʥǿߣԥչ˹ơ
һйţ뺣ɢ
ھͫһʶ󲢲ǰ򵥡
ȫ֣
ȳ
콫̴ƸЩϹһ˭ܳе
䣡䣡䣡
ֱ⡢糱ˮĺ
֮羪˾סӭɽͬطĿˣ׷׽ʶ߸Ӧ
ǽ߷֮׼ˣʱҲ޷ƿЩȷʵ̫ˡ
ſǽͷϹۿֺǺǵЦ
ͬʱ̲סǵǰȥĶ̫󣬿ɵڳװˡ
Ѱ룬⵹Ҳǡ
ۻӶǽ󡱳һԵġ
һУѰ֣ЦͣŴ򹷣Ͳôˡ
ˣ
ͥԺ⣬˾ϲ
ھһ֣ɱڣȥˣ
ߣ
ЩʥǿߣȫһԳȥ
ͥԺеѰʱھϸֳһĨЦ
ǴȥƸʰˣ
˵ʱھѺԥ֡
ʵǱˣ޵һʥѣȴŴκԣΪ˵ϵɽ͸޷죿
棡
ɣ
Ц
Σʶһ£ʲôʬΣʲôдң
䡪
ھĳشɽѹȣ¡¡Լ
ǻȻû֣ԭƿġǽ»ָ
ͬʱʥ̣һҵֿͱǲļơ
ֻǣΣ״£ȴƻȻȫѰǱߵ״ǣ
ھ֣ŵúһϡ
ھϣһλʵľʥǰʲôͶԷ
һ̣˼һĻͳˡ
ͼѰ֣̽ƾһץھֹƳƮ
˸СƵģһ߬ס
⧲һĻЩʥͣٽŲ¶֮ɫ
㡭
ھˣԺհףֻһ뷨һʥܹӵе
Ѿˣƫƫһٶңôż
Ѱ̾
һ仰һΡ
ʲôھϣǷҡĵ̣˴С
飡
ھҲ˵ɲڣѰֲָɽХھӶᡣ
ۿɼɱήƵģܿͻҽƮ
ľ壬֮
һλʥ㱻赭д֮Ĩ
㡭
ʥ֣ŵɫɷס
ӵǴʱͱֵһӵķ˭Ҳû뵽ʥΪ£˿ֲ
˭
Ҳס
λʣӵǴ֮һʵ֣ΪҪһζСأ
ѰЩʥģɲԨ
ӣ
Щʥһ飬ԥҪӶݡ
ȷʵŻˣھǾʥת˲ͱɱˣ£
ѰĿˣӰ˸赭дһ˿̻Ϣ
ɽֻգ۵Ĺ߰λʥϣȫɱ
ÿһԱᣬήĻҽƮӳĵѰִٵ



1834 
һ
ϵɢɢһЩʥʹﱦʡ
ھڵһȫ˻ҽ
ĿһĻĻǰ죬͵̧ͷһˮд𾪡
˵ǰ㾿˭
Ѱ֪̿϶ˣʱһͷۣ̹ĳֻǴӲ㱩¶ʵѡ
ҡͷʦ˵ԵϵǰֻʥΪϲ㣬ɱʥҲ練ơ
˵⣬ʲô̲סǰЩЩɱĺĵͥǿߣòǡ
˵꣬Ѱ̹Ȼĳġ
㱣ɿеȥɱĵͥǿߡοҲΪ̣͸ɳȾ׵顭
ૣŬԼ侲ȴΪ̫ܵ󣬳ٳ޷ƽ
̹ֻҪ֪ҶϲẦǡ
Ѱ̾
ԼѲӦѲ³һЩˡ
š
ã̲ŵͷѰһ峺ǰŵù㡣
ѰһЦǾͺá
ղһĻĻǰɱôˣô죿
ˮڡ
ѰȻ
˺޷ǾǷһѡ
Զǽͷϣпģûżġ
Ѳ²⵽֣
ֲֻһЦһ£ɱ¶ˣζţϷŸտʼ

ʱơ
Ƹеѹ֡
ھ뿪󣬾þûѶýһڽ˵ɫ
󣬾д˵ģ
֣
ܿȹϵϣԲаԹֻǶԸһʥѣҪķôʱ䣿
ۼɫԽԽѿܿ
ʦ㣬ˣھʦǽʦõͥԺ󣬾û
أһ˴ҴҶͷ󺹣ɫţһɡǺܿʲôˣ
ʲô
ܿɫ粻
ž
һˤоƱɫЦһ̣ҵһ棬ֳ˶ನۣƲҵȰ
ܿ˶ˣ׷
λҡ
ܿҪ˵ʲôͱϣɫҼղ˵ҵĪҪǣʶҲúǼƽϣ̣ҽ
ԣ˾Ҫúʰһǽ˵飿
˷׷
ڽ˭Ҷǲĸеӵǣ
ڵãһĴˣҲӣ
ʵĵĻڣǵ鱾Ͳã޷ǽйˡ
ȥһΣ
Ŀ䣬ܿ
ܿɷףֻУ³Բˡ
ܣܿͲһˣһأ˭Ҳˣ
һ͵ӣݲ򵥣Ǻĵͥϵˣһʲôʧ
һ˵ãһ˵ýȫըëˣһɫޱȡ
ʲô˼ÿѹǣ
ɫࡣ
ĵͥϣһϵĵϵᣬǵȻҲ֪ǽĿˣ
ܿ׻Ҫ㡣
һᣬȥ̡
´ɡ

ҹɫī
ܿһȺŭĽˣǰӭɽһĻס֪Ŀע⵽
˵ܾ̾ͽ׼ŭ˶Է
Ҫ¡
Ҳ̫ùˣǰãĵͥǿ߲Ÿλ׼۶ֻܹģھǵ˵ͷϡ
̣޿ӣ˵Ϊ˺ĵͥĿϣŻᱻʹѹ
ҡϣ
һֵϣһ̯λ̯һڣׯںӡ
̯λϣŸʽӣԼһ⼣߲ĳͷ
һ·ض̯λǰһָһĴָС˵Сٵ
ׯںƵ̧Ƥ¶һЦݣ󣬰ʮ
һ㵵٣
ʮ
󡭡Ϊǰ׳գ
Ӷݺһڣȥ
ЦЦҲ⡣
һšԪӣ˵ʮǰ˰޵Ҫ
ϧʶվ̫١
뵽⣬ĿԶӭɽ૵ɽϣмʶ֮ˣ

ܿĴ£ӭɽʱ
ϥͥԺǰĶɿɮǷһ˿Ц⣬ľƣȷҪһЩ߳֡
˰ɣ
ɽ΢۾ľмµĲ߱ǿзһײߡ
ȺĶ
ſǽͷ꿴һĻʱˣֵ֪ɽлƫɽУ缸ߺã
üͷһ壬׷ߣЩջ
ǻס
˵һλ׼۾ϣͥԺǰ
סͥԺеֲǵĴڡ
Ҳǽ̵ԭ򣬷Ѱһƽѻһˣ
ˣܿҲɿ浣ĽǷ쭣ֱӺͻ
Ļɴܣ꣬Ҳǣۣ
һ룬ܿ͸еһᣬ޿ǵһͳΪˣĸܵί
뿪޿ܿŷ֣ǿչŵ֮嫣ϲǵȻֺ֮࣡
Ҫˡ
ͣļϡĵͥ󡭡ôǸָҵＸ
СӣΨ²ҡ
Цһ䣬֣صҿɾ㣬ǳ飬Լܣǻ޹أͬҲϡ
ε֪ˣ֪ˣܹǿԵİɣ
ͷȻ
ʱѾѰڵͥԺǰ

һ
ԡ
ܿͷ
пɬΨһϣǣλ̫ϳڵ֪Ϣܹһʱǰ
򣬴˵ؿ϶Ҫӣ
̿ڣ
ڡ
Ļŭ޴йǱѵ⣬ֱһСС˾ܾ
£
ѰͥԺ
ͬʱѰҲüģǿߡ
£
泹ˣ̲ǣвУ
ѰüѲ³ԷݣҲһ
鷳ǽ徲һ¶С


1835 
̲ǣǾˣвУ
⻰̺ŭ֮أɵӶó
ܿĶסĵͷ϶ᱻЩϵ竺ݺһ١
ǷܻŶ˵
̵ܿˣǱ߸ν
ɳϣǰʦĽˣͥԺأԽš
ֻѰǵȻ𣺡С
֣ýɫһͣŭȼƵġ
ǶˣֳһŸ
˵˭
̹ǡ
ܿæϵǿһʥڣ̷ʦߵλ
ϣ
͵ЦһϹŵˣҲҸǹȥֱòͷˣ
ҲЦ
壬̫ŵ塢Ϲŵ塢塣
ǽϣΪ̫ŵ壡
ЩУȻӺƲϵĵ
һȺӵ竣Ϊմʱ֮ǿ
Զֵһ̾Ϣ
ͽ֪ģУмȻȫѷɫһЩ̫ŵ壡
Ҳ˵һǷƾãӵеһǿ
ҲԣϱϾ̫ŵ壬ȷʵǵϿԶԿЩ̫ûˡ
һֹ

أ汩ȣʱ俼ǡ
˵ꡣ
ǽյͥԺſѰ߳
һЦˣоӡ
ƣϵǿߣҲԹˣ
㵹ʶȤȹڴ˵ţǼ֮ˣ
һģŮ俪ڣָʹ
ȴѰţɫȻĿһɨˣɱСģϵĿ϶סˣѵһܸûɣ
㻹һ죿
Ů̧ƣͳѰȥ
ž
Ķ
ɱȶģȴǽŮӣͼףڱѪ˶շɳȥݺϡ
ʼգû˿Ѱζֵģ
Ƕ΢΢һ¶֮ɫһҵǵ涯֣
ҲˣҲֹһ죬һ֡
Ѱ䡣
ɱɱ
ǽŮӷŭļУͷɢɫŤ
䣡
һ彡˶궯֣һɫؽɽѹգӿֲֳķ
Ѱһ̾ٳɡ
Ҳžһ
彡˶ɽײһȷɣзɱĲҽС
ǽŮӸңݣݷɳԴ𵴣ǰֱðǣʹȥ
˶ɫ䡣
˶һλʥȻŸո˾һսС
ڣܣӬƵıķɣ
㲻˵ʥΪ𣿡
ɫ˸
ܿҲţʧھʦǡòǱ˰ɣ
Ѱ̫
⡭ܿסǰȫ֪
أ֪Ѷˣһһ̸֮
Ѱ䣬ˡ
ɫã÷ζըˡ
ѵǣܾ̾룬һĽɫҲҶˣ
ܹȴ
ûУ
һ֣ɱˣ

ž
䣬ϾһƣӶѪģݳһѪָܵӡ
淢ҽУȥ
ҲѰһ֮У
žžž
ʱİ˷һһ˽Աɡ
ҲͼֿȫѰǰֱһȺһ߹Ƶģһѹ
ͥԺǰҽвϣҹա
ڵϣ˵ĵˣһͷͷɢѪ֮
һУĻ
УֻʣܿǣɷףԺհף˶ǡ
ǵϵĹͰ
ȴڷҡϣ˸ˡ
һ뵽⣬ܿǰһ󷢺ڣĶˡ
Ѱǰһ˸㣬ھǡˡ
ܿ׻ƵģͫȻţŭ֮£͵ؿȳһѪ
㡭ôҡ
޷ţ
Ѱ̧ͷ˿ɫֿ˿ܣ̾û취͵ҲãҲգȴôųۣ¾ƣ𣿡
ܿɫȻ

ѰԹԴܣֻҪ̹ﻹҴϣעԽԽ鷳ֲίԡֻΪǿˡ
ܿʶʵѵ±
Ѱ¶һĨڽЦ⣺أ
ܿĪӿһɳǵĺ䣬ǰվŵĲһˣһɱеޱȵĿ־塣

˭
Ѱͳ˵У̹ӽⶼѲҪˡ
ܿһ飬еʲô
δ£ѰһֻѴļϣ£Ѷѡ

ϢأܿٿȻήţһҽƮһգ
һУѰڱ䣬Զҹ
ڵȡ
һʱһֱ̣һֱ͵Ϊ˺ĵͥǿߺ󣬱
ɵڣŷԼˡ
һζã޷⣬Ҳ޷̽Ĵ
ҹڣѱЩӵȺˡ

ѰͷƳһɵһصĽˡ
Щ˴ܴĽһ¶Թ֮ɫ뿪
Ѱûᡣ
֪У϶Ϲ򣬲Ѿע⵽һĻĻ
֮ԲɱЩˣѰ˼һߣѾǵˡ
ٲʶȤκο
ǣͱˡ
ĿһУдɫ
ͱ죿һҷҡѣš
ѰȻһЩǣ㣬λǰҪˡ
ɫһͣûΪСү鷳
Ѱʣ鷳Ϊδֻſǽͷϣȴһ
Ĭˣɫ粻ڽ
ĪҪӻӰľĵ;һΪԼ
Ȼ֣һ
ӱƳѰһۣǸˣѾͷѱҪֶͨΣҼҲˮĻɱҲ
ˮ
ѰҡͷЦٶԡ
̧ͷҪ˵ʲôͱһ½󣬴Ժ䡣
ͬʱǳ⵭ĮѰ𣺡ˣҼ㱳һκڹѾʴȣٵôߣǲ֪ߵغˡ
͸Ÿ߸ϵ


1836 
Ѱ꣬ɫȻ
ǶˣֻϸſְѰ⡣
±棬ҲʲôԹ
ֻѰ΢ЩˬǣʲôԼڹԼɴûҪ󰡡
Уʲôеôߣ
ѰͷҲãѱҲգɴûκδ㽫ˮԼڷ絲Ĵ㡣
ЩѰý͡
ݺ;磬ҲЩ͡
ףԼУˡ
ҹϰϰ
ӭɽϣѰĬصȴš
ͥԺУ̶ǣó̺ˮĴߣᴵһãۻ롢Զ
ˡ
зƽ
˵ؼžˡ
ӭɽ£ѱ֪۾ţ֮ǰ˱һĻĻԼܿɱḶ֪́𾪡
û뵽ﾹסһλˡ
ɱˣѹһڽˣݵǿܼҲˣǻˡ
û֪ͷڵȴ
ڰ
ʦȥ
ɽţͷң³ɮڤһڵزؽ紫ˣ߳ͥԺš
ȥɣӼпܱˣˣϲɱ
ϥͥԺǰĶɿɮɳƴ
ڤ˵ͷһ˳ҹɫɽȥһʱ䣬˲֪Ŀע⡣
Щµɮôȳˣ
йŹ֣
ΣڤһƻȻɫƽ

ǺǣûаЩҷͰ
ɽλã¶εļ
˹ڵأɫ粻߷֮Ҳ֮
棬ҵܣ
ߵףҧǣǼһ֪ǽˣɾҲһ㶼ûаǷа
ЦɿΪǱѩܣ
ɫһͣӲͷƤ棬ҵȶҪǽϵ桭ܶ
飡
һȻѣ˶̱ڵأΪʹ鴤ѡ
˽ԺȻ̿֡
Ϊ̫ҡ̫ܣɿܷ飿ʱ򣬲֪治̫ܶˣ
棬˵һЩ˵ĵǽϵﶪģһǡ
أһ
󣬽յͥԺſ߳һ˼ģʵľˡ
˷㣬ɼǣɳȻ
¡
һҫ۵֮Ů޵һٰʮأʥʮţ
ǿչŵӺ֪޵ƳͰĽ
߳ɫܸӣǶԽ¿νּ־η
ɫػͲ٣£ƾˣ
µͷԲߣһӣ棬ʥڣġ֮򡯡
һ̾ã
棬ȥһǸ
ûҲһƾֻ֮ǾͿǷʸҵĥʯˡ
ߺЦȥɡ
ڶԴºͽ˵̬ϣٲȻȫͬ࣡
ý
ͬʱҲһн³֣ıɣ뻹ΪһЩ档
µ˵ͷƮȻȥӰȻ
Ŀý³֣ӭɽ£һȫ𶯣λϵڳˣ
ܣĿһλ䣬̫ϡˣҲ̫ѵá
ȻУҪΪ棡
ӭɽϣĿȫͬһط
Ѱ֮أ
ӿɱ
ɳϣڤһ˺ͽ֮ǰִ
ৣ
շһӰƾո֣׷ѩ꣬Ȼ̫ϳ
һ׼ۣ
һĻ޵ߺһϣҪˣ
󡢵ϡ¡һҹɫɱ˭ܵס
˾
ɫˮͥԺǰѰھܿǡǱɱ
ѰȻͷ
кâӿҲǱˣ
Ѱٴεͷɫûʲôˡ
һɫࣺû´ĵͥǿߵҲйذɣ
Ѱһεͷ󻤲סԼµӣֻҴˡ
һ仰ŷ̡
йעһеǿߣ޲Ȼ
ǰЩӣĵͥǿߵڷҡˣ
˶Ļʱ˭뵽֣ˣ

Եĵǿߣڽҹ̫𺳺⣡
ŭڣֱ
ЩӣĵͥǿߵҲܵӰ죬Ļ̻̣ڣǿˣԤ϶Ҫܳ
һУͬһģ
޷ܵǣº֣ɱھܿǿߣ
ϣɣ
ŭ
ɾ㶯ʱһ䡢ľӰƾճ֣ˣҽɱ
һ仰ñŭе͵һѣɫ粻
գǿзڵɱ²¹ˡ
䵭ֻһȺﻵ˽ϵ裬Եϴ̡
Ʈҹ£罣̹ǡ
Ѱü˴Ůһۣ㽫ĿŲƣԶ֪ʱڤһˡ
أҲҪ֣
Ѱʡ
ڤɫƽ˫ֺʮһ⣬ջһ
ǵزؽҪˣ
زؽ磡
עһĻ޵ߣ޲һɫ䲻ѡ
֪ȺԳµɮˣԺڰͷ֮һĵزؽ磡
ͬʱԶڰɽĲü
ϥɽŵĶɿɮ۾
գλ۾ڽûκζ
ڤû£ֻǽĿⶢѰ
ѰĬƬ̣ȻЦˣߵϼһﲻ֣ȴһǰȻˣĳ档
˵ţϢٿȻһ䣬ɫתѹ飡
ԣ磬ɨӽºڤ˷ʱ䣬һϰɡ
ôĿ
йעһĻǿ޲ȣһ治Ǹ֪ʲôߵغ
¶üһΣС
䣡
ڤֱӣһȭ֣̽ѹ˼䡣
һ˲ף죬ֲĺɫ⣬ն鿪ϡ
زؽߴС
з
һƣʵѳӯ֮򡱵İ塣
Ѱ䣬ͬһư
䣡
ӡ¯¯ԨԨٸŶƣѹǬûʮ֮ơ
ǵϵġŶսӡԡŶѰ֮ת


1837 ׵۳
ʥƿصĵ֮ȻĿɲ
ڤ˵زؽɶ֮һзУ̺սԷͬСɡ
һƳչֳ֮ʢ׼еԾйսǿҲݲѡ
ɾһƣȴϢرѰ
Ѱŷ
䣡
ڤ˶Ӱ͵һΣԣͷҶȻըм׷ɡ
𣡡
ɽţɿɮ³һ֡
ӭɽ£ٿȻһεķ
ɫȻջ£е֣֮ǰͬҲ
򣬹һսӭɽǱ򱬲ɡ
ǿ
һصĺֲɱЩĵͥǿߣЩǿߣһֻѹ
ӭɽͬطһԾ
ѣ治һ⣿
ڤ纣ӿɬķš
˵ʱ̤ǰӿֳһɫ䱳󣬸ַоѹڰĹӰӳĵˡ
䣡
̧֣أָƿӡɱ
Ǹã
ѰȻ
һָһӿ֣ϵƽ֯תֳѹļ޿ɺ֮ơ
ƿӡʹкݺݵײֲĵɢ¡¡ס
ƿӡٿȻɢ˳ƶ£ڤѹ
ڤͫһһ巺ɫ⣬Լ䣬绯ͷ­ֱֻۣ͵ػӶ
飡
ӡƵģڴϣÿһкɽ֮
գ󶦺Ȼը
Ѱѳɱ׽ɽľԾŶΪУƲɵ
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ת˲ѣ߽ϰٴΣսգĶǡ
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УڤվûסпѪ
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¶ԷϢڱΣչֳֶΣԺž˵֮
УҪҪһϣ
ѰڷƮɫ͸ӰӲӣ
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ӰһλƵģٿȻսУָ罣һնգ
磬磬⣬޷
ҽҡ
ͥԺһֱսѿڶһǵϵߴУ̫Ű׵ۿһϽ
ѰӰһ
ܿһȴһƷ˿ӶƮ䣬Բһ˿ҪʿĲ
ֻǣѰɫƽ޲
ڤĿ˸סûмսҲû˳ս֡
Ѱɱ
Ҳ׺
¸һ֣չֳ⺷̬ɭɭҷơ
ÿһӰ磬зҡϾ֮ƣת֮
һʱ䣬ؼ佣Ӱأҫ糱âգ
ÿµĽ
вٹս޵۾ʹ񶼲
˿̵Ľ£һŮɰ㣬㣬⾪
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ڤòϣŮ֮Ϊ֮ǿҪʤһ
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˵ĸоͷ·Ŷһº㶨޿ɺ
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սУ¼һѩ׵ԣһҴкӡ
ס̫ţ
ɫƽƮ裬ֽɱ
Ϥ˶һ̣Ѷȫޱ

׵ӳٿȻ䣬һ
⽣ΰһƺ޳ǣ¥֮ͨӿãã׹⡣
Լ䣬һðΰӰ¥֮ϣϡ
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ǵģµĽ׵۳ǡ
Ϊ˽ƶˣ۰׵۳ʮأȡ׵۳֮ϣڼ֮
֪׵۳ǣ̫Ű׵ֵ죬˳ÿһ֮أӡ̫Ű׵Ĵۼ
¿ǲһǣ˵ڲ̫Ű׵۵Ĵ֮·
ڽգԼĵ֮
Ҳһν׵۳ǡչ䡣
һ˲ӭɽ£Ұгһۡ
һֺ롢ƴѩ׹ųǣƶˣԡǻԣبŲ࣬һλΰӰУ죡
ǵһĻ𺳣ţһ֮ӵе
򣡡
һƬĿע£һƶ˰׵۳ǣǶ¡
Ѹ޷һĿ¡
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۴αȣͨ˴ĽֵɾȻǺǿգԶһޱߵεȻƺ
¥֮ϣһöӡд׭֡׵ۡ
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Ρ¥ϣҵһö׵ۡӡ⣬ٿȻ䣬һƵΰӰֶ
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ͬʱ׵۳ٿȻ⣬λεĽӽֵϡϡƺСǿڡѵ÷ӵ

⡣
ѩ
񱩡
һ֮أΪ꣡



1838 ѹһ
硢ꡢ١
ټ׵۳ǣǬ
Ѱòϣĵ֮򣬿ǾֺƷ೬
һͬǸֿһ򽣴ж³
ֻǣѰȴƶһ޶ãŸɾĿֵͷȥ
̬С
˷ѵĽ˺ѶĤļХնɭɭ糱ӿ纣ǵء
ֻǣѰʮɾһڡ
ǧ˿ȴѩˮ㣬ϢڻӳĵѰ򷨲֡
ǰУĻضѻݿࡣ
ν޷Ѱʮ֮أ
գۣѰѽӽһΡ¥
ͷȥһΰӰ¥֮ϣ嫣紫˵еĽ
⣬̫Ű׵ۣ
һԽ֤ϵ۾Ĵ
ѰջĿ⣬Щź
һӰֻһƣܹ޵ľ壬ȴûһλ۾ơ
֮һӰ޷Ǿ߱һλ۵ưˡ
ˣܹһλ̫Ŵ۵Լĵ֮Уֶѿƾ
µһζݣȦȦ
޷Ͼˣܹġ׵۳ǡڡͥŲ
ǷζţԷԵ֮ƿأҪԶԶ֮ϣ
ܣ
һԸʵžţС󣬻˴ۡ
һʱ䣬ľ
ۼѰҪһΡ¥͵һԼǿɱﵡ
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¡¡
˷۶ȫһУõô˽һִգâҫۣˡ
׵۳ǣɢĿֲ⸲ǡ
Ѱֹ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һҲеһѹȡ
ն
¥֮ϣһ˰׵۳һֻȴڰƣն¡
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Ѱһʮ֮أӿֳһ֮ĳΡ
¯¯ԨԨ
ɬĪ״
䡪
һ˲ѰӰ绯ڶĽֵµĴغͷǿգȫֲǣ׷׹ѱ顣
һնʱټ׵۳ǣԨ
һεȿֲεҫۣ
ʱȴϢ׹Ԩûʧ
׵۳ǣ˺Ȼ顣
ӭɽ֮ϣԱףҡ
㣬ɼǵĽ£ɷףʳһ̺Ѫգ嶼΢΢ڡ
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һƾĺݽɫԵϣ
磬һϣ
Ѱ˳мžĿ⿴ºڤɫϲ
ڤսӿ
һɫ˾ǰˣһΪ˻ʤȥ֡
аǣ
ѰЦЦûǿ
һսʵûҪЩϹҲעܿԼɱڤǽ¡
ҪӦѰƲ⣬һ̣оһº͵£ֵúܲǿߣǲܣʧܺǷվ
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档
ӡ
֪ʱһжĻǸԼ׵۳ǡӡ
עΪ˸ۡ
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ȫž
עһеǿߣȫһ̸еҪϢһеĸ֪Ҳ֮жϣٿеһĻĻ
֪ǡ罣֣ۡ
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һܻܽµľûȥʵǵ۾֮·ȴͽزڴˣһź
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ૡ
͵߬˫ȭɫƽÿ£һһٵţ¡кܲʹ죡
û֡
ĺܲʹ죬ݶסǻ
Сģϵģ֪ˡ
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Զһ׼۾ڣڲֺ߳󣬾巢塣
ȴû뵽Ѱһʥȴʱ򣬵һλ۵棬˵Ȼ
һʱ䣬жɬ뵽Լ˰ɡ
ǿչŵпᣬƾ츳ٸߣھԵǰҲһֻϰˡ
ߵȻɱ㣬ӣѹһ꣬ͷ
ѹһ꣡
ֱɱѰ̡
һʧĻʱ䣬ʵһδڵ;ʵĻᣡ
ͺñǰʱѰѹĿлǰ֮Ŀлȥս
Ŀǰ棿
֮޷֤۵;
ս޷֤ʥ
棬Ŀܻ÷ɽ֮ҵУ
֪ѹһ꣬ѰʧƵĻᣡ
ȳͷ̫飡
ѰжŭĿ⿴ߣҵķǲ󷢴ȱһȺȴı
˵⣬ԳһЦͳÿ£ҲĴҡ֪ˣ͸ȫɱˡ
üɲȿڣһλɮƾճ֣ǵزؽĶɿա
ѣ罫ӽҵزؽ磬ձб𡣡
ɿɳơ
һλ۾
ҲΪ
£˫Ŷ亹͸
Ҳһѹֵ¡
¡ڤˣԾĬ۽ΣУѰڽӡ
ͥԺУŴһĻĻľޱȵĳؿڱƵĿը
뵽ߣԼǷҲֻ·һ
ˣв̣ԥ


1839 ˵ô
ӭɽϣѹ֡
һʶӦȫжϸ
ڶɿɮĲ֣߲⣬ֻЩ⡣
һϰĶҲֵһλ۾
Į
ܲ
زؽ˺ڰͷ֮һǿչŵų⡣
ɿĵ۾Ҫ飬Ҳ׳ǿչŵ򣬱ػᱻһЩͨﶢϡ
ɿɮɫƽһʮˣЩɱҵزؽ粻ٴˡ
˶٣Ҳˣ֮սѾھʥг޵Сɳһ׼۾ǿߣҲѽӻɱ
һڤ½з
֮ǰһһѰսȻֵǺεȿֲɣԷʼնȫս
ˣ
ߣʵԭ²ֹ˰ɣ
ɿɮü
ڣɫĮҪߴҲԣһ󣬱֤㡣
֮ǣһΣ뱻ѹһ꣬زؽ֣ҲУ
ɿɮһ̾ѣαأ
Ӱһһ
Уٶȳһɿɮģһޣֻһ£Ϣɬ谵
һɫɮ£ׯϣʴԲζ
ⰵ
ͫһ
ǵزؽΪɲһϴУһ޵زغڰһ޵زع
ⰵתƶ֣ɷգߺڰ
µǣڶսʱڰӵͬľ磬ͬս֮ԾһԶ
ѣǶԾҵزؽ޾˼
ɿɮͬʱڣһݴȱһᣬһּ𺳵Ӿ
Ϊһֻϣȴϧвϱв֮Է񣿡
ӿɢֲķâ
¡ڤз
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊһλ۾ھǻãţ
Ѱʼնˡ
ͷ·һֻᣬ˭Ž׸
һĻѰжӿһŭ
Ѿܾãζˡ
λ۾߸ϣһҪѹһ꣬һΪˣҪߣ
ңΪ˶
ǰԼʲôˡƾ׸
Ѱ䣬ȻΪۣҲλһζ
ƽ
ɫҲƽúһ˿
еζȴǰȻᶨͲɣ
ڤ¶һӿһֻ֮УһﻹΪԼܻ
ߴǳ˳֪;ĩ·ȴֲĵɧɡ
ϣÿʱܻ᲻ĵŭ𡢷ġ䡭ɺܿЦ
û˻ᵱ棡
ɿɮҡҡͷûᡣ
ǣطƽδκˣˣԺҰʵԸ
ͥԺУѱƵÿҪը꣬͵طһȣ۾죬嶼ڡ
һУ⻹ǵһο߾ɫ
ǰɵûûΣ޷죬ȻΪ٣һֱȴ񳤲ĺӡ
ڡ
治һˡ
üѵǸĺ᣿
ɿɮɫĮȻǰڣԥһڳԵĨɱ
ط
ѰĬԭС
ȽҸǣұ㣬ҲңС㡣
һѰȻ
һ仰طɴ۾һôӲ
ڤҲҡͷѡ

Ŀܣ
ߺȻЦˣҶţϹһЩʱ䣬ȽѹٶΣ
ɿɮҲá
˵ʱ̽֡
䣡
췭ظ߰ĵ۵ɢڰٿȻѰ
ɷϵˣͬʱָһһĨƿնȥӿռɽѹ¡
λ۾֣赭д̵ƣȴֲ޷
ɱѰϲ鷳ֻɢĵ۾ѹܽѰɱ
ǲߣǶɿɮԲڴ˿̶Ѱº֡ǰΪѹѰ
Ѱɱϵһɵ۳桱컯ͻᱩ¶ߵ졣
˭ѿѰڽӣ
ԥãһ̾˳ֵĴ㡣
һ˶ѣ´˿̾ѰҲԵסλ۾ɱ
ֻǣһ̵Ѱȴƽ
ͨؾڣӰԼأ֪ʱȻ֮߳ͨš
ס
Ʋʲôض㡣
ͬʱӭɽ͵һ
ˣ
ֲܵޱߵĳһƵ
ͼ
Ѱĺڰֽ㣬Ȼɢ
ɿɮͫһ
꣡
ѹѰһб飬Ʈޡ
ԣͫױâ
⡭
ԶͥԺУɫ΢䡣
е۾
֪ӭɽ£ѱɿɮͲߵϢǣһ˱˵޷ӦӭɽĴڡ
ɴʱӭɽ¸ǵԼ򵥡ֱķʽ俪
ңֲ֮öɿɮͲߵĹȫݿ٣
ȫž
ڤµ˶ס˭Ҳû뵽ʱ򾹻ᷢת
Ѱһûг֣һɱȴ˻⣡
ҰУȻһӰһԲЬһ⼣߲ĳͷڣׯںƵġ
û˿ǴҲû˲ġ
ͷ·𣬺֮ǰѾվǣ
վѰǰ
ѰֻһϣһӰѣɸĸоȴһſصļΡ
ͬʱɿɮͲ߽¶һĨɫ
ũӣǰ㲻ۣҲ޷͸
֮ǰǵĵУӳʱûܲһ˿ף
ѲĪҲΪ˴ӣ
ɿɮڣ۷ӣɫׯء
⻹ò𣿡
ĮȻ֮ǰǰ㵭ǰ
һ仰ѹ֡
ڤͽжκˣԭǶΪֻǵһˣһˣɡ
˭룬Ҳа֣
ңһλز¶Ŀֲڡ
һص̫ˡ
ͥԺУЦоԼ֮ǰɵӣȫϹġ
ȴһ˵ɡ
룬ʱˣ
üҼϲɫЩӣֲ˴ӲηԼԭǵʮ㰡
վǣվׯڵũ򣬺ƿԣԵúܳƣ˭˵ᡣ
ΨŤͷѰһۣ¶һЦݣ˵ģڡ
ѰԼѲ³ʲôӱ
ֻǲڣתͷɿɮͲߣϵЦҲʧ
䴽У³ĸ֣
ô



1840 ũȭ
ô
һ仰ĸ֡
ڴ˿̣ȴһףÿͷǴ㵣㲻š
Ǽڣũӵִ˵ĵһ仰ƹѵƿԡ
ɼˣ˸о̫ͻأͻ
ߣǿյһۣŷ罣ۣأͨ죬档
ɿɮزؽһ۾ޡⰵһ൱λ۾ڣ
Ѱ˭Ҷǲ
ڣò˵꣬ȴﾪˣ
λ۾ô
ֱ̫
궼айԹԸ¡˵ģԼϵڴˣҲ˵ʮĻɣ
ĿӿâҲȻ

Цǹĵ뷢ƹʮأ罣֮ɣڴ˿չš
ˣ̫òСﵽȵز
ӰƥĽɽХƬǿա
С
ũƵ룬ҡͷˣҴӲСˣ㡭޷߹
Ц͵ȥ𣿡
ũش𣺡ǡ
߶ͷ֣ؿһƣũ̬ȣЦȴ˺ܡ
˵̬ȲãƫƫûκԴǳƽ̬Ҳ棬оܰѪ
ϻ¼£
أɿɮ֣Ӱһԡڰ⣬һͷŴ
䣡
ؼ䣬ףҡ
۾֣εȿ£
һ˲ڤֻһᣬͱŲƳУ
ڳУͼһһߴޱȵķӰǬҪѹ
ͣ
޴½صķҡһ˲ȻֹǿУֲڸеǳȫҡ
ͣ
𵴺ͼڰɿɮȭɱкӡ
ɿɮһȣ
һʱ䣬췭ظռݡ
۾֮ڴ˿ӳ䣡
ֻҪѡû˴˵ء
ũüơ
ҲһεĹ֦Ҷï˷飬Ʈ⡣
գۼ䣬ҡͱһڱΣǿգҲε֦Ҷǡ
ԶԶһȻһƬɭ֣ÿһƬҶӣǳҪ
ͬʱṳ̃ǰһ˲䣬ȭ
䣡
춯صײУڰɿɮһĺڰȻɢ
пѪüͷ¶ɫ
ũһȭͥɨѨˡ

ڶȭɿɮȣ͵زѵĺۼ
һֱӱֲȭˣÿһ˳ϵĹɢһ֡
˳ھŲѱðޱȣһӶһ
ڶȭɽХɱ䣬޼᲻ݣ
䣡
ȭݳ
ɿɮɫ䣬ԥһ𣬲֣ʩչͨ
ӡ
ڤ
ͼУԶ̤ǿնǳ飬Х顣
ͬʱһɫʢѪɫ֮ϣУ⣡
ŵ˵ũȵ۾ܽⷽմ򱬣٣︲
ɼˣɿɮҲûܵסȭ
䣡
Զ󣬻ҷ
ѹѪɫĺɫ˲ή
ɿɮȭݺѹڵϣӭɽ͵һ

ٿںΪһ֧Ųסһѩײҵѹڵϣѡ
ȭ
ʤ
̳ɢȫǡ
ҡյĹڸǣûܵˣӭɽҲ
ɶɿɮλ۾ȴȭѹز
һУӷĻѡ
ʼգũֻȭ
۾жֲ
޵УǾϰĴڣܣ˸죬ʮ
ɿɮɲһĵ۾ڣƿءⰵսʱ۾һ֡
ɼˣǰˡ
ܵһͿ
һĻѰͫף𺳡
ϸԣһսΪ޷ʲôߣҲ޷ܵǵ۾̺߰ء
ũڿսһɲͻᱻǿֲĵ۾Ĩɱ
Ѱ׵ѹɿɮһĵ۾԰쵽
ڤ˻ڣѱ壬״ǡ
ɿշо޵аߴڣȴͱȭѹˣ
ɫ԰ף㱡
֮ǰһĻҲܵޱȵĳ
۾ʧૣţϵûͣ
سĬˡ
ΪҲ޷ƽκӿ
ͬΪ۾Ż״˾εȿֲλ۾Ծ⼫󣬷򼸺ܽԷɱ
ڣɿȴȭѹ
ǷζţũӵѲֹǸ߳һأȫڶɿ֮ϣ
Ϊޣʱȴ޴ȱ֮⣬˴˵֮Σֲǵزؽ紫ˣֻڰ硣
ũƣƽ棬һׯںģɴʱٿʱÿĿⶼѱòͬ
ǺˣΪǿչŵϣӲһλۣ
ϣɿɮɳơ
ң
ũ룬ġ
ۣ
ɿɮֱѪģӵս
Ҳ㵡
ȭѹһλ۾ģһׯں
Ѱˡ
Ϊ֪ʦָ޵֮ǰҲֻɽһ޶۵Է
ɸʦ޵֮ȴܵͥڵ۵սѹȵõϵʼ桰̧ۡͷ
⣬λʦ֣
Ѱ˼ɡ
ҴӲƭˡ
Ʋ˲ţũɫؽһ䣬ֻǰֵׯڣֵһЩ֮
㶣оܻ͹졣
һׯں̤ߵ۾
˭Ű
ѹڵصĶɿɮֻؿڷ£³һѪоũӷ
Ѱжһпλʦ֡һλʵ˰
ֻʵ˵ʵʱġ
УΨвһֱĬţɫ𲻶һ
ûж֣Ŀ˶ɿɮĲ״Ҳ׶֡
һʱ䣬άȡ
ô
ʱũҲ·˲ߣĿ⿴ѹϵĶɿɮ
ɱңزؽ˶𶯣һԺҵزؽ磬ٺλΪС
ɿɮһɳƳ
һλ۾ģ
ȳ棬ڳ֮ļһʱ䣬нԷݣ۾ԭҲη
ܡ
ũҡͷɫƽɡ
ɿɮһ
ڳ޲Ķɤۡ
ˣԺҲעڽӣ
ɿɳơ
͵οһλǧ֤Ϊ۵Ĵڣ
δ£ȻɫӰգ˷С


1841 ʦ
Ӱ飬˷˸ֲĸǶɿɮ
ʵϣڳܶ˶û뵽ѹڵصĶɿɮ
ũȴ뵽ˡ
ǵزطǧ֮ɿֻһЩƤëѡ
ƵУũ΢΢ͷ

Ƭе֦ҡҷÿһƬǳҶӣʳѤõĵ⡣
һʱ䣬ããȫû
ǵ⸲£ɿɮӰ类յĻȳƵģһƬһƬطٻ
ҪϾɱ
ɿɮŭ쳹͸Ų
ԡ
ũӺʵػش
䣡
ͼҰȫתĵ⣬һһ괫˵еĴɢ
䡣
ɿɮӰԱٻĨ
ˣ
˼ѵ̿ˮɫ𺳡
һ۾
ɿũɱȫѴ֮
û
ũ˵ţһɻĿע£Ȼ̽һץ
ԶڤԼʮزشˣûüӦȫҽĨɱ
úݣ
УɿɮŭʵĽȻֹ
ũ˵ҿûλϺкݣЩزشʵѱطɱɱģֻϺеĻ
Ȼһ
֮ǰǶΪɿɮǧӶݣ˭Ϣ֮䣬ɱڤˣռǣ
ֲ̫
ţزؽ֮˶𡭡
궼һ
ڰͷ֮һȻѰ޵߲һ
ͳ
𾪵ũӵֶΡ
ȭѹɿɮִݿƶɿɮ
һ۾ڣûκ㱻ˣ
еĲũӣ
ΪӲţǿչŵϻһ˲õĴڣ
мžѹޱȡ
ũվѰǰĿ⿴˲ߡ
ȿڣһͷ֣
˽ϵʮᣬѹ컯Ī⣬ԶԶܹ顣
͸ŨŨĿɬ
۾Σ
ھԵǰҲֻܵͷ
һ̣ɷף㣬Ϊһҫ۵콾
֮ǰȴ潻УѰֱѹ
߸ϵ棬һλǿյĽۣȴҲڴʱΪȣͷ
һϵеĴбĸо
ʲôʲôԸʲôΪݣһȫ顣
ߵͷݣȻ
۾˸죬
˭֪۾Ҳǻη塢ͷģ
ʱ˿̣ɿɮ罣۵ͷ
˳˲˵ѣϲ档
ũƣΪǴģߵףҲŹ
һ
ͼũӵղ˵治ܶԱҪѹʦһ꣬㣬ʦ裬⵱ʦֵ飿
ʦܣ
һƺȴʯ쾪
߻һţһϰĽɫһλֲ۾ʦܣ
һۣԿԷе𾪡
ǱΪũӻѰʦų룬߾ʦֵܣ
һֱԶ˹ע̫ϳֱӾɵˡ
췢һĻĻԼֱһجΣ
һˣôͳһλ۾ʦܣ
֪ˣͽڰ㹩ˣĻһ˿һĵ
ҲʱףΪζԷǰ޼ɵɱЩĵͥǿˡ
λʦ֣۾գɱ۾ڣһʦڣʲôҵģ
ֲãֲá촽£ʶ㱡
ΨѰЦˡ
ȻԼʦ֣Ҳѹû
ԸΪ˸ۡ
ɬͷ­ʹ
ũӵ㣬ʦϣ⵱ʦֵģʲô
֮ǰһһϣ߸ϵĲмӣѰΪƾ׸
ɴʱũӵʻȴɫҵƿԣôͣ
ũٴ˵֮棬ʦ飬ûɱˣΪһν棬һ۾Գ֣ǲ̫۸ˣ
嶼촽䶯ջ̾һԶԡ
ߣͿΪϣȡᡣ󣬾ͿԿˣ̤
ũ˵⣬룬˵ȷب춼ڷ飬Ҳϰ֮Գ
ɫ桢ׯ࣬ǲԵģ޹ǿ޸ߵͣΨˣ֪֮⣬оη֮ģ
Ѱס
޹ǿ޸ߵͣ
ӦþʦµĴԸɣ
һģȴ˵ⷬѵܹڵ۾ӵԭ򣿡
˼
۾޵ľһȡóɾ͵ĸߵֵͣܲɷֵĹϵ
ũӸ˵ĸоʵ޻ۣӵеľȴǾ֮
첻
ԣֻһ
ũ̾ǲϲҲԸ˽ɵǴ֮ʲô
Ѱһ𣬵֮
ֶԴĲѰһ֮С
ʦ֣ʲô󣿡̲סʡ
ũӺһЦһֻȭͷҿ˼ڤܶ꣬ŷ֣
ȭͷѰһ
ԣ˭ȭͷ˭ĵʹ󡣡
ũɫ棬ǿЦ۴֮ǵͳ֮վ벻ܣȻҪܣ˭ȭͷ˭ܻʤڵͳ֮лʤˣĵͿԳΪ˵ĵ
ѰˣΪʦ㻹Ҫ˽
ũҡͷʦܣԽˣòȭͷȭͷԸ˵ģϺУ˵־Ͷ֣Ҿֻȭͷ
ѰĿ⿴ǲߣʦ֣κ
ũӵʦܣأ
һ̣еĿⶼѰǲߺͽ£
궼棬ѰʲôĴ𰸡
˭֪Ѱ𰸣ԲӵӰ죡
ȴѰ˼Ҫѹһꣿ
ɫ䣬ʵ΢΢˿
һꣿ
һλ۾ǿ߶ԣ޷ʲôӰ졣
ɴʱũȴҡͷѰʦܣôһʵʵ˿׳Կġ
Ѱ㵣ǲײس鴤һ£ᵽʵ˵ҭ˵
㲻һ۾֮·ڱʱ̣֮ȱıʱ䡣
ũ˵ʶĳͷ̫أĳͷ̫ᣬͽвƽ
ѰԭΪλʦһλĬԵıԣ˭룬ȴͻࡣ
µıԣȴѰκһ˵̤ʵ
ʦǾӣԴԼλʦʱȴоӴ֮磡


1842 ٲݾ
Բ߶ԣũӵĻһǼشҵĲ³
Ҫȵף
ԣũӲŹ
ˣֻܱеζòľܵޱȼ尾
֤ɵѾ̫ûζˡ
˭Ҳûע⵽ũڣһĴָСķɫǾޱȻš
ͬʱһתũͷ
ʮһʦ֣̫ʱڣʼ׵ѩʦֲս˼ǰ׵۵ĺᣬɵףһɡ
ũͷлش𣺡
˵꣬ͱˮϣҪҽĵҿû
ũпЦ
УĪҪڴ˵Ϣй¶ѾЩϲĶϣɲٱˡ
ˣʧ
һũڵķɫǾޱҲٿȻ
ũ̾
Ŀ⿴һƾ׸ģĲߣһڡ
һ仰ԵúͻأĪ
ȴòһ
ȻһũӾ˵⣬ӡ
ߺԥʲôͳͷҽԸܣ
ũóһŻ˵ӣһڤӣ㷢Ĳй¶֮£Ȼɡ
ڤݣ
һԷӡУ޵ľһΥԣڤݾͻήһֶصĻҽʴ޵ߵľ
Ҫ̫ˣߺԥģһڡ
ũӼˣ˵ͷ˵ʦǣҲҪ
ʲôû˵
ɲٴӦ˵ѰٹֵҪԴӦ
ʹ죬ũɫԻȰԺ£ĪҪߡ
һԺ鲻Խһ뷨ѵˡϵʼ棿
ʱũٴóһڤӣݸ˽¡
ĻôҲЧģ´ֻɫЩ
ĸܵĴ̫࣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ЩũһָԶǿ뿪ˡ
߹񣬵лͽһתߣΨũӻı⡣
㡣
ũӿԶ߻һ飬㶼̱ڵϡ
֮ֲԵ֤۾
ũҡͷ
գҲԣ̷ڤӣһ㶼ûеִһҡ
ũһӣʧӭɽϡ
ʦܣûɱ϶㲻Ұɣ
ũڵ¶˼֮ɫ
˭¶ΪǸׯںһɱһ۾ʹһ۾òͷԵĿֲڡ
Ѻʹˣͷͨ
ѰЦ
һͷͨ
ũҲЦܸˣ̲ס뽲һˣջס
ǲҪСʦһĹŰӡá
ʦԵȣĻЩ黹Ҫ˵һµġ
ũ˵ţӰƾʧ

ͥԺС
ܲ⡣
ũչֳ·ǶϲܾĹߵġ
ƫƫأˡ
п϶顣
˼ʱߵȻҴڴ˵ر𶯡
һ͵طѵũӻŹţ
뵽⣬ֻǰһʧȥ˸Ӧ
ͬʱũӳͥԺУĿ⿴
һڣҲ̫һоڤݣ
ǵӿһ⣬ƶ֮һ䡣
ũƣƯʲô̫ţαװҵġ
һһʵˣҲƯ
ٴοʱģȻ仯һ̬ӵһɵĴˡ
һϮȹںڵ㷢ͷ٣ˮ𪣬һ£һԺ촽򣬹ճĻΡ
ü֮أһĨ̺ɰ
ǣȹƮҷϼתӰá
ȻѿҲεıҪ
ȹŮӿڣ嶣ˣƵö
⣬һλ绪Ůۣ
ũȴ޶ã޷ӦȻңȻҪڤݡ
ɫ棺Ҵֻ㣬ҼСʦܣһ˱ڹˮôߣĲ᲻֪ߵغСԺĳɾֻ֮ͣϡ
˵գתȥ
ȹŮӴס
ٴУԷԼڤݣȫֵ׼
ȴû뵽ԷֻΪ˵һ
һʱ䣬ؿڶһơ

⿴ʵׯںʵĿ˽շӭɽϵһĻĻ֪Լ˺ľ档
Ϊ˳ģ
ȹŮӰҧɾ֮ϣҲ̻˶£˶ٵ۾˥
ȷЩջ
ͬΪ۾ȴѵ⣬ζĺܲˬ
ʱũڵ¶һĨЦݣģѾʦˡ
Ҳ㵱ʦֵӦеĵɣ

ʦܣֱ̫ɣ԰ʦţʦҷš桯еʮһ
ٴμѰʱũԱ
ǰȷһׯںֲʶһõʦ㻯̤޵֮·
Һ;ʦָ豲һ޶ۣľͷһ̫ʵˣ˵ٻʦ˵飬вͬʵҲʵ˵ĺá
óʦź󣬾ͰϺ
£ȡֲҩ֮ҵԼҪĵ;
˵ţԳũӣóһ򣬵ݸѰ
ʦܣԱ׫ġٲݾлǿչŵʲôţҲ̸϶౦£Ժϲҩݣóһ
Ѱһ󲻽
⡰ٲݾصֱ̺࣬ÿһרŵϸء
ơ״;֮ءһͼס
Ⱦ飬ʦԣȫǿϱֵɹ
Ѱ޵ߣĴ˾Ҳ˽⵽ıʰأĪ档
֪УʵͲ¡֮У
޵߸أ;ľؼڵ
лʦִڵ
Ѱ
æ֣ʦֵܣĪҪ˼⡣
̧ͷ˿Զգ̾ʱ䲻ˣٴȥر
ʦܣҿɺڴ֤ɵһ졣
УЦڴ
ʦҪȥ
Ѱ̲סʡ
Цȥ»Ұȥĵط
˵գ⼣߲ĳͷǰȥһѾǿ֮ϡ
ʦܣڣ
溩ЦѰͷòʧ
ʦ֣ڡ
Ѱͷ૳


1843 ֮
ũ뿪ӭɽ¸ǵ֮ǽҡֵһҲ֮ûʧ
һУָƽС
Էҡϵľ˿Ͷԣûв֮ǰһޱȵľ֮ս
Ҳ֪ũıǺķҡѻеĳ
кܶϢ
ӭɽ£ס˿ͣʱ˭Ѱɱܿѹȵǿߡ
Ҳزؽ紫ڤϾŮһ֡
ֻսڤǽ£ȴԱѰǿƻ
˶ʱ̣罣۳֣
ʱ֪Ϊ˶̾ϢΪѰ˴αǿչŵԶʧȥһȺ׵ľʥ
ڷ罣۳֮飬ܹ
ֱ˿̷ҡϻָƽӭɽ޵߶˿žͿʼעһսĽ
ǽԸеŵһĻˡ
û
ôܣ
˶ץһû
̫ϡ
ڽʱ½Σ磬ԭסɽͥԺеĵزؽһˣȫʧˡ
˼Ƶġ
ҡǿкУе۾·ǵزش˵ϲ뿪ҡ
ζţǡˣ
֪޵߰ľе²棬˭ɱǣ
ͬʱҲܷǷ罣ۣǽ£ԱŲ֮ǰ飬ֲֻᡣ
һ㵺
ѹ˽ˣ˽£罣۾ˣ
һλ۾
Ŀܾ֣
һһɻӿЩ޵ͷ󣬽Իͬһɻ󣬷罣۳ֺ󣬾ʲô
Ϊţ
Ϊεزش˲ˣ
Ϊε϶ԴһԲĬԶԣ
ЩϢܿڷҡϴһʱҲ˲֪ٵĻȻɻ

ԵϵһλǿߣһԾΪĿĽɫ
չֳսͬҲޱƾʲôֶΣһޱȵķ粨лģ
һķӦ֪ˣɲֹɱܿеĸھһѡ̣Ǿ֤¾Բ
ƶϣ׷׿ʼעĶ
ǲȥʵϣҲûȥѰԵɣҪֻ֪࣬ȥעĶ

һֺڡ
һڴۣ֮ǰׯߵƿաŷ棬Ҳˡ
ׯҲڡ
˭ɫޱѿ
̫ϳףɫľɳƵЩӣǷҡϷ˺ܶ£ҲĶ
һ仰˵Ļ䡣
ĵͥһȫɱ𶯵
ţΪ׷׵̫ϳϻ䣬λǰ֪ٻȻ
ڽ죬ȵǿ߱ھܿ˱ɱһףҡ
̫࣬Ҳ̫أ
ڣ˭Щ飬Գһ֮֡

һԵϣ֮ǰ˺ԵĽɫ
ڣһ뵽֣˺޵ҧгݣ
Ψׯɫܸӡ
ڷҡ·ʱԽѰϷҡҲߣ䵱
ʱֻǵϵݣĴ˼ɣ׶º֡
롭
ݣֱûʲôãλ̵ʦ𣬶ˣ
ԭׯĻ䡣
û뵽ǣûʲôãսȴ˲˼ƻ
ĵͥǿߣɱġ
ˣѹġ
ھܿˣҲ
һϵ飬ׯ¶оһǰ𺳣ǰĲʵ
Σ˲ͷΪԲô
һУΪĵ̣
ʦѳ֣Ϊȴ߿ɶڴţ
ŷɫ࣬Ȼͽչܿһɱˣ絶ʡ
ǰһеĻɶģʮ֮ɻţ
ڳҲҧгݵس
пɬɫò
ɱ
زؽɿɮˣ罣۶ͷˣ˭ɱ
Щ飬˵Ҳ˵ֻڶ
λףҲΪ̺ãǴ̣ĿܻᷢЩ£
̾һټǰǣӽ˭ԲΪУ˭˽ȥұ֤һʱ佫ˣ
˵ɫɱ¶
ţ˶ס㲻Լ䡣
ףô̫ϳȴҪȥά
ֱǻˣ
͵أһŭޱȵ𣬾ͼӰƿնڡ
ɫÿ£Ŀѣô飬㲻ȥ𣬷ȥά飬㡭ֱĨģɥĲ񣡡
ŭףɱ˺һϡ
һ׼۷쭣ƺεȿ£
ʦ֣֮ǰһֱڱչأ࣬ŵùңҵģԲ
һɫ࿪ڣ֪֮ԷŭŮܿɱˡ
㾹Ȱң
뷢ŭţ£˰㲻ɱ飬ȥ
зɫʦ֣ǧ£ˣ˶Ҫǣۣ
ɻȥһ䣺һˡתҪߡ
ɸһתǰһһӰס
һߣ񳣬ɫһ˵ĵĮ
пһ˫ȶҪ㡣
˭ң
ʱʢŭ֮µĻ䣬Ѻԥ֡
䣡
һĳ
һ̣ȴһֻ߬ס
󾪣ŭгѡ
ͬʱߵĮôͳһ磬ҰǽΣ

ҪȰ裬һ
һλ׼۾ڣ˲䱬飬ҽƮһء
ǰһ󷢺ڣʧǡ
ˣҲڴ˿ȫ壬һŵ̱ڵأɫɷ׶֡
ָɱ׼ۣ
һ˲Ͳ³˲ߵݡ
ֻǣȴû뵽Ϊη罣۾ڴˣӻ䳤ȥɱ
̫˼
֪ɵ˵ϲ˰
ӽ𣬷ҡϣ˭ҺСѹȥǺҵϹȥ
ͬûнͣ仰Ӱƾʧ
ڣһļž
˶бĸоһ̬ȥάⱾ޷ܡ
ڣ罣۶վȷά̬ȣ
Ψף罣ۡòˡ
Ҳ죬罣һ仰籩ɢҡϣÿһ޵֪


1844 ۾һعأִ
׼ۻ䱻ɱ
罣ۺ̫ϳԱ̬ӻ
ÿһ֪µ޵ߣһĿģ˵һ顣
粨׵ļһǵţһñκԤϵĶҪã
ӽԺҡϣ˸Ҷ
ʱʲôΪλ÷ҡۡ϶һ̬
ϣ϶ŲΪ֪ܣ
һʱ䣬۷׷ס

ͬʱѰҲһΡ
ڵ֪紫ĸϢ󣬾ħһ֮󣬿ʼʸ⡣
һ汦ģ
ܽ͵ģѰȫˣɹʮһʦ棬͵飬ȴ޷ϸ˵
ԲģʼòͲҰˡ
ѰҲֻεغǣؿƿ
£ݻ±¶˲ٻɣ뻹û֪ʵݡ
գҲûʳȻ
ѰĿѱòһһһ죬һҪܵɫѰһڡ
쿪ʼѰޱƽ
ĥִɴ顣
żҲһ·ϽԻĿ⡣
оηк棬ҲɻͲ⡣
ζоԼࡣ
Գط꣬ſǽͷϣߴﹾ׳ɻ󣬱硪
ǣ㾿ĸеĴˣ
ǣλϲǰʦ֣
ǣɲܹҼȣ˵Ͳܸ͸͸ף㾿ǲǵϵĺ᣿
ǡ
ѰȻܻش𣬸ɴͥԺȫĵ
ڼ䣬ׯҲѰĵͥǱߣվһС鷳
ִɴ󣬺ĵͥ˿ϣ϶ưոݡ
ԴˣѰû˵ʲô
ϲֹǺĵͥˣǵϵĴѪᣬݼ䲻򵥡
Ѱ⡣
֪ϵʼ桰ۡʦָѹ˲֪£
񣬡ۡԪ񶼱ڴڣʮ꣬ͻᱻ
£ѰĿԿϵв
罣Ҳ̬ȺºͣʼûнѰһС
ǴѰһЩ
ʮһʦĹһΣȴҪѰв
罣۸Ҳ¡
ɶԴˣѰȴҡͷ˵Ҫʲô
÷罣۶һΡ

У
һʱڲ⣬˷罣۵һĲǱ벹ģɸòʲôȴ׼
ʱȥɱ䣬ȥѰά̬ȣʵѾʼڲѰ
ɺȻЩԶԶ
òʲô˼ǸͲϡһλ۾ʦڣĿٵ˱
ͥԺУ罣ۺܾᡣ
棬ʦȥΪȴԲ֮˾᣿
ºܲ⡣
Լ棬ǿ˸ǿյķ罣ۣũӵĶ֣ɱϾһλĵ۾
£ũӶȥڲأ
Ѿͷ㲻
罣̾۾֮·ذأԶǰ򵥣֤Ϊֱ꣬Ҳֻ࣬࡯ż
ֻǵ۾֮·ĵһذִبϵ̤۾ߣй֮ˣԱ赲һذǰ
⣬¶ס
֤Ϊֻ꣬۾һذż
۾֮·ָúε֮ɬ
罣ͳǶɿɮƿءⰵҲеزط洫еġǧ֮ڵ۾;ϣҲҲĲΡ
ߵҪ΢һЩҲֻ۾һ쾳ڡ
ũӣһ
˵⣬罣һĨײ𺳣˳Ĭ
ȴãҲ𸴣̲ס棬ѵѿ۾һذ
罣ҡͷ۾һعذߣҲϲȭͰѶɿɮѹ
һ仰ýµѵľ绹Ҫߣ
罣۵ԣߣڸߵ˺εȵزҵľҲ޷͸
˵⣬罣оһ̾
֮ͷ䣬ڴˣû취Կ
۾ڿ⣬ʵͬΪ˾ġͬУ˾ȴ֮ѣ
˵۾һޱȵɽ壬ô罣ֻۣһֱɽǻ
ũӣѵϴɽ֮ϣĸλãǷ罣޷ġ
ʵ棬ɼǿҲû̫Ϊ𣿡
㲻
罣۵Ҹҿ϶ʱбɱҵͷȴָı⣬ƲⲻȻΪǵʼ档
һ㶣ȷǵãũ˵иڡ仰
òᡭԷϵʼ棿
һ𾪵ģ
ʼ棬̫Ű׵ۣһλϵͨһλֵ˰׵۳ǵĴ棡
ǰ罣Ҳֻǽϵʮˣ
㲻ʶҲǿʼϡ
罣۵£ɿܲѶԷĻϣ
˵⣬ŶԼǰ㣬ɼĽ£罣ۺȻһ
£֣ΪʵΣ
³ֻɲݣһɣʥǰʮСڻֻǾʥڣԺΪʵֻ£
˵⣬һ̾Ȼұܣȴòϣھʥ裬Ҫѹһ
罣۳ĬƬ̣£ʱ£ҲԱһ׮Ե¾ˣ㡭Ըȡһ£
һͽ̡

ڵ죬ԭѽƽķҡٶΪһϢȻ
Ͼӽ£׷УΪ˲ϧȺǰ
Ϣһ˶ˡ
ϣεȻǿչŵ϶һһĹϴ壬߳λ۾
£ǵҫ۵һǣ˴γУз罣棬Ϊ䱣ݻ
ڣ׷Ѱߣ䵱һ̵ߡ
̫ˣ

֪һֱƳͰĽ޵Ϊ顣
Ǻ鸣죡
Ҳۡʵ
£ֹɫڣ㺮ӣҲޱȣܵõܳ
ڣҪ׷У˭һʱܽܵˣ
ҲӦ
һЩ˸ǴУҧгݣΪô
ܿ죬˲ؽдû𣬷罣ǰûܾʲôʲôʸ񲻴Ӧ
֮һٶ̫໩ȻΪ֮࣬š
˶㵵ǡ
ܾˣ
˵ͥԺŶû򿪣ýλ˹һ⡭



1845 
һϮɫȹĽһ˿԰ס
û뵽Լ˶û㱻ܾˣ
֪ҲǼ佾ԸܹͷԸ䵱һ̵߽ɫҲԥá
ȴҲûԼᱻܾ
һʱ䣬Ķӿ߷ߡ֮С
գ»סˣûзȥҲûзŭǰվѰͥԺǰ
ȻһˣĬ
ƾҡϸֹĴŷͣš

ǰ¿һŮ߻е۾棬㽫ǲô
ͥԺУ̲סʡ
Щˡ
ѰжٲݾڵԼ飬޹ء
ҲһΡ
ԼѲ³֮ҪԼǰ䵱̵ߡǵõǷ罣۵⡣
ɹؼǣѰܴӦ
Ϊ¼ߣƱػĹעһҲʵݱ¶
Ѱʵˣٹ£Ҫִɴ磬̹ʲô㣿
ԥһ£˵ʦ˵ɴһС֮أе޵ߣǰˡ
ʦѴӦҪȥܰڴУɲǿϵв
Ѱá
޷¶ݣִɴƱҪ̷ֿʱעܼշ̡
ܰڴУѰΪ˵ǡ
뵽⣬Ѱʵ̹֪ǴǷ¼ˣ
ҡͷʦֻ˵ȥһԣ벻ɣԵ֡
Ե֡
Ѱһ̾ˣϣע̫ˡ
һ˼⣬𣬳ͥԺȥ
ͥԺ⣬Ŵ򿪴߳Ѱ¶֮ɫֲЩš
ѰûЩֱӵ¹Իȥ߷罣ǰ˵ĳˣֻһ±ɡ
Ȼ£
Ѱ˵һ顣
꣬ɰ¶һĨ֮ɫѣ㿴ҽ¾ͱȲһ𣿡
ȻشŤͷȥ
Уǿɬ
£õϵϵѪᣬһ޵һٰʮرʥʮľ콾
񣬲ϧ۽ڵͷԸ䵱̵ߣܾ
ȴΪһ̣һһԱȣĸĽҲǱܴ
Ŀ뿪Ѱҡҡͷ߻ͥԺ

˵ֻҪҰ̰ǲˣ
ӽ¿е֪ѰĲҪʱ罣۲һе⡣
ü䷺һĨȻ棬Ʋô
罣һ̾
ԭ뷨ý׷ѰУ͵һͶԷԵĻᡣ
ϾԷһλԶ޷ĵ۾ʦ֣䱳ָöǿ
³ô˻ᣬܵõԷϿɣ˵׼ܵõһЩ벻컯
˭롭
Էȴܾˣ
£ǵǰЩͷ𣿡
һ罣濴ǰԼ͵ֻǴϵһЩ۶ѣǧҪ٣뷨ĵ;˶ܵš
һл̻塣
ȥɡ
罣Ŀ뿪ü
ɴ磬ͥʮս岢Ҳ̫ŵ̾ᣬǿչŵʢѤáҲϵһ嫴硣
ҲǺɴеһֻԶԣΪأ䴫˼ٳ䡣
ݷ罣֪һλ̫ʱ֤ġٵۡ
һھǿգħɱ̸ɫ䡣
šɲ򵥰
罣̾ǵȻӴǿգǺʹ޽
ˣô֣԰ɴ¡
أ罣һˣҾҡϡ

ͥԺС
ǰݷõķ罣ۣȻû뵽Ϊ˲Сӣһλ۾ϧˡ
罣ۿЦѳȫ
˼ҳ棬ȷôǸСҼһֱǽ洫ġҽҡĸȤ֪ܷһۣ
罣۴ǳ鴤ҽҡǵ崫У˷ģ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ѣⲻΪ𡣡
罣ۿЦ
һֱһ̲סҲҪҽҡֻʶһŽ
罣һ˼⣬⵹ǿԡ
һΣСӻǱûԼΪıô
Цģаﲻ֪ûռˣֻǸһˣ罣ۿ϶ҲǷСүһ飬һ˫ã

ڵ죬Ѱõһ׭һֵƣҵ֪ƾƣɽС
ط򵥰
Ѱ°ͣ罣۶첻ɵ£һһƾͿˣɼ⡰ҡ̺εȳ
ѰͨؾŮӡء˵̫ʱڣһСϳľ޽ͨؾ
ҲΨһһƴعء֮ͨƿһ˿϶Ĵߡ
˵Ѱͨؾ֮ǰϳ츳֮׿֮ޣдеһ
ѰסϣΪ̫Ƿ֮ţ
ϿɲĸȺʸ֮ģ
ط¾ϳĺİɡ
Ѱ뵽⣬Ȼһȥһطĳ嶯
ϳͨؾҪ֪ͨؾĴڣǣĸ૑¹¹Լ֮ͨͨ죡
ϳΪ֮һ϶Ҳ˽һЩͨ͡ؾйص顣
գѰסֳ嶯ڵݣܱ¶طҲþͻ֪ͨؾ顣
ԺлᣬһҪ̽һ
Ѱϡ
ʱƣҡǿдһ·֪ʱȥ
䣡
һ죬ͥԺУѰӿֳ񡢲ãɫԡ
Ƣڣ̥ҵ𵴣޶Ũʵʵں
հһƵѰͷ̨֮ϣɫۣٿһɫӰɢãءɽĳ֮С
ϸٿݣѰģһޡ
壡
ߣ֮һԺ
һɻ̥ĴֳΡã֮ζ
ľľ飬ѰۻʱѼ죬һ
䣡
ľȫӿС
˲ѣһֹڻ糱ˮӿѰͷ


1846 
ãѰȻ֣̽һץ
ˣ
زãɢŻƵĹۣջһŻɬǵɳ
֥СС
ɸ˵ĸоȴһıԴĸ͸˵ΡϢ
ѰָһһɳٿûһΡɽֻûһƯ½ء
գһɳһð磬ãأۻϢ
һɳһ磬С
ѰһԼյԸһɳС
ʱһĻˡ
ɳܻУӿֳܾ֮࣬У׳
˵֮ǰɳ磬̫ãǰɳ磬ʵڵһ㡣
Ѱһһһа۵ףиһ磬֮ƣ
䣡
գ⡰ɳ硱Ѱתһӡãɫӡ
գࡣ
ǡͥصġ֮ӡɻƿص츳֮۶ɣ
ߣʦ־Ը֮ͨУֶΣǻΪ档
ѰĿǰġ֮ӡͷӿһĨ𺳡
ӡ֮˼Զǿ֮ԵУЯһ֮֮һɱ

Ѱһ䣬֮ӡɢһա
ľƿؿ֮츳ƿء֮ӡƿսֶΡ
Ѱ˼⣬Ժִɴ磬ȫٻһݣԻ䣬ʱ˭ֻµұѰ˭֪һ
Ѱ뵽ԼԺ۳塱׽塱ˮ塱ʱڽٶֿʱıݵĻᣡ
һɴУ˭֪ҡң
Ѱ䣬һɡ
ݣҲ̫עĿûϵԺʱٽиı䡣
ңǵ۾Ƕ޷һ˿ߣ
Ͼÿһֵ壬ԼϢζѾǼ򵥵ġݡ
һ죬¿ޣѰɹ۳塣
ңΪҲ֮оͻƾʥֻһ֮ң
Ҳ죬ҡִ򡱣һǿչŵŴĵط
硣
һλ棬Ͱ׵۴еġ硱һΪ
ִʱ̫ϳˣԱޱȽţеѹ
ԭڣ⡰硱˵ϵĵ̣
Ҫ֪Ǻĵͥ˿ϣеһλѪᡣ
ǱƲѣҲԸѡʵҪʻǿպϵִ򣬾ֻܾ
ѡػƿƬҪܿ
꣬ҡϵĳ˿˭ܵȵ
ңҲĲ֪ҡɶǿգÿ춼Ҫĵ
̬⣬ڡ硯ͣǰУ
գҧϡ
ԭռƻҡҪͣģĸô
һţһжˣ
ľõһͬ⡣
£ҲǰѰ˵ú׼ϾϿ⡰򡱵ĵһ
һʲô粨ɱһںĵͥ˵Ѱ϶һʱ䱻ϡ
ԴˣѰδ˵ʲô
ϣվǺĵͥǲһġ

ͬʱ֪ҡͣϢȼˡ
ǵϺء
ǰѰɱЩĵͥǿߵϣؾŭشڣͲָŻıƿմ
գҲֻˣŭԡ
ԭڣǿ׽һ̴ӣݺ͵λԷ˿ɱȡ
һʱһֱܵ͵ҡղԾɱЩĵͥǿߵ־Ҳֻ̣ҿ
һǼɵ罣ۣǵҲɱˡ
ԭشȵִ硱󣬱ϵǿߣɱϷҡˡ
룬ҡͣˣ
˲ɣͣ
ܻĿѣѹ˲´
ޱ飬Ǹ̬⣬ˡѴ
û£ָ϶㲻ҵ⣬ΪҵϡԼĵͥ
Ув
ڲɫ䣬ڼзζǱΡ
ǵȷҵĸҵϺͺĵͥ
һʱ䣬Ŀⶼ
ͼɫ͵һȳ⣺ߣһڿϹȵĽɫʲôʸϣ˭ĵͥ
ըף
һŭ϶㡭
䣡
͵أҡһҡΣţ޵߶
Ƕɫ΢䣬ǿչŵϺУĵľһЩ˻
ߣȥ
һ˳
ܿ죬ǾͿһƿȸʱ˷ҡǰʱ֮ϣһ˻šסֵս죬졣
ϵɫ
˾
һ׻Ը飬Ҫˡ
ɫǺǣ߲ư
ͥԺǽͷϣЦؿһĻ
ϡ
һͥԺǰһϮ۵ķ罣΢΢ü
ǰǿϵ𣿡
΢ף¶ɫ
ﲻҪȥ
Ѱ˵ţӰƾʧ
ϵɫ֣ҡͣһ˴ɫӳϷҡ
Ϊ׵ģһ£ͷڣ꣬лƼ䲻
׷һ꣬һߣÿһɢһɿֲ˵ơ
Ȼλ׼۾ڣ
һеǲݲ
ԭ궯Ȼķҡϣһ̱üžÿ϶дԾͼɵ
ǿʱǰһ󷢺ڣ಻ܿƵغݺݳ鴤
ϣ
˭Ҳû뵽һҫһȻĺĵͥˣûгںɴ磬ȴƫƫ
һʱ䣬Ƕˣȫ⧲
ү
žУһƽ𣬾ͼһģ˹ȥᶼ
ô£
϶ʱüͷһ塣
֮ԵȺڴˣ̣úóһеĶ
ܾ̾ΪŭѼǺģݣҲǰȺ
үЩļһ̫ǵЩĵͥǿ߱ɱһӺ֣ʱ֣ǶŹң
ɫŤҧгݳһ͸ųԹ
ǵĳ׳ȵףֻֽŶһ


1847 ֮
ҡžɫ졣
ϳ˿ͶЩĵͥǿߣǱɱȴΪϱλȻ
˵ӺҲ١
£һ˽٣⸽ǿֹڡ򡱣ڵϵĵϡ
һҪˣ
Ǻǣܺã
ЦˣֻЦݸ䡣
˭ŭ
һϹӣ飬ǰ㣬ǰͣϷΣ
˰ɡ
Įֲ÷ҡͣǿĳ׷¾ɻȥˣ
жһɬΡ
ǺǣһСС󣬾۸ǿͷˣλӻòͷˣ
󣬰Ц䡣
ֻҪһ仰ҰЩ˶ˡ
ޱһ仰ɱƣϹ޵߶һϣɫ䡣
Ϲӣҵȿɶ췢ģ֮ġ
æ͡
һλ׼ۣ˿ȴһͷʾģò˿̾ѡ
̫ϳΣ
ǰҲվ̫ˣ
Ǽأ
ԱߵĿæڴϣһֱţˣͽǼˡ
ž
һƳڿϣɭȻҲܽеģ
ɵۣź׵
Ŀ⿴ˣ᣺
ȥɱˣǼ˴ҿԸһ͵Ļᣬסǽ͵ĻᣬܷȫǵͿǽıˣ
һϯ͸ŲΥζ޲ɫ䡣
ɱ
ĸң
鲻Խһ죬ũӣȭ֮ѹɿɮһĻ
Ҳ罣λϵϹŶֻܵͷĳ
Щ
ȴ˵һ֣
һڤݵӣľ˵һ֣̱ľɵ
ʦ
ڳЩ뽫Ŀ⿴žֺ֮ɫ
ɫò
һθܵ˼尾Ρ
зйϣҲˣ
ɫ촽Σշһ̾
ϹӣˡѴ
Ȱ֣ľȫ͸޾
Զ˼ˣ޲Ȼǿ׼ȵز˭ܲݣ
ȺԶĿһĻѰϡ
ԭԽһжƵͷϵģûôǱвջѡ˾ܾ
ͳһ㣬ѾõѰϿɡ
Ȼǰȥ
ʱ۾һŵģ϶㾹Ҳʶ̧٣
ɫһŭЦΪһҲҪˣãܺã
˵޷ĵķŭɱգһ뿪
ǰɡ
ЦЦһ𣬳ǰȥ
սš
˺еѡ
һ޲ɫҵվǲɱܵǣۡ
ǡʲô취
ĵͥǵﲻ𣬵ǵﲻͬﲻ
ʼգǶֻ̡ͷɵͷվûӹһ١
䣡
ٿȻ֣ƾŲƣֱɱȥһ׼۾Ϊڴ˿ڹ͵쾡¡
ɱ˲߹
ԲԴС
켣ȺеѰҲ׼֡
ɾڴʱ
һӰͻأ֣һӡ
飡飡
Ƶڰ;ͱһοֲѹڵء
˭
ɫ䡣
۾
߷˻͸žŭ
ԶսҲһ飬Դ£λϵ׼ۣ׾ѹˣ
һж̫죬˴ֲ
ǳ֮˵ģʱʱӦ
ԭøһսĴ㣬һ̣Ҳһ£ȫ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ϊǿǳ֮ˣеĽƺ;һȫһɨա
ֵѰҲе⡣
ΪǳģһϮۣ񳣬ȻǷ罣ۣ
֪¿ǺһϵûУȫԳ䵱һԹ۵Ĺ͡
ңϾǵϵĵ̣˭Ҫ֮Կ¶õƽһס
ɷ罣ۣǳϵسˣ
˶û뵽ġ
ɨˣһ黹ǲͰ
ûע⵽ҵ꣬ڴ˿Ҳֹһ䡣
Ҳûע⵽ڷ罣۳ǰһϢӭɽͥԺ֮⡣
罣۳ʱҲײس鴤һ£ЩձԷһ
ʱҲס
һλ۾
ԴҲû뵽ҡϣһλڡ
ڸһǰЩǿߣɵˡ
һλ۾ֱǳ̫Ŵ壬ҲǺ޵
ҵȵϺᣬ֮ǰ֪ǰڴˣе֮ǰ̧֡
ϣ죬ڡ
֮ǰưԸĿӣɴʱȴһ𣬱ѹڵϣɪɪ
ǵ۾֮
·罣ũǰͷɱϾһλĵ۾һ˲ںͨڡ
˵ҡϣ˭СѹȥǺҽϹȥ
罣۵Ȼڣһ仰װ㣬ÿԴ¡
ϣ
һȫѷɫǿϵȻ
û뵽ǣϾ̬Ϊ
һ̶ɱ˿ص˼ҪϢ֮ǰһû͸¶
գסһϣ֪ǰ໤֮ˣǰ¡
˵ţͷ
ĿһĻ޵ߣ޲𺳣ǵ۾Ⱦ磬Ҳõͷ
罣䵭һСȴ˰轾ݣŲűǴʱɱ㣬ҳоǲʹ죬Ҳ˺ͱ˺
ϻһ£亹͸
ĸҲţ
һȺһץһѣϾˣЩﻹȥͽһλ۾˺
ܵģ
һϵǰ֮ˣɱ˺ĵͥһЩˡ
˵꣬ͱ罣ϣˣúĵͥŻ𣿡
飡
û£͵رһɿֲѹȣڵأǱ֮
ңǰ
ߵͷ㾪׿־ˣʶԼһ
ڷ罣УĿһСв
Զһ̶
˭Ҳû뵽罣۾άΪˣЩϵǿߣ
ˣ֮£մĹ⣬ұܿһɱ١


1848 ·תΪ
ǰ
ϣأߵףͷĵ졣
ѱû
۾ڣ޷̫ɵһλԽϵĵ۾Ǿȫһˡ
ǰ
϶ĵǿߣҲ޲ֹ̿أġ
ټҡϣһƬ
жܸӣͬе۾򣬿ɺȻ޷ͷ罣Ტۡ
ˣһ϶ѣĿܽǱȵز
СѣЩֻҪһ仰
ʱ罣Ŀ⿴ȺеѰºͲ١
ע⵽һʱڷҡ޾粨ֳ
һʱ䣬Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
ݵĳĬѰȫƾǰɡ
罣۵˵ͷ
֮ǰԶ֣Ĳá
Ŀ⿴ѹڵصİߣƮƮһ仰ŵλ׼ðٹ˲ġ
һ̵ķ罣ۣȴ÷ϻһӡ
¡
ֲĵ۾ɢ
ͼ߶ֿͻٽƮ
һ
ڳ޵߶ԣ׼۾ѾֻĴڣڵ۾ǰ׼ȫΪ˵ָҷĽɫ
ǲ࣬һɽһɽߣ

罣Ƴһۿϵˣ³һ֡
ڵصĿݶ죬ŵ˻ʱʱ¶ϲм֮ɫ
лǰлǰ
ߵףæЩϵǿһ𣬻ɫ뿪̻ɥ֮Ȯ
пһĻ޵ߣһʱԡ
ˣɫ㱣Ƶġ
һͻأķ粨ʹĻ
ûãҡǿкС

ɫϡ
ֱӵԶϲŴ־֡нعɫޱѿ
أҪһ
ϵм͸޾⡣
ش˿̱ڵأԣүû뵽Ƿ罣۾飬˵ǵϺͺĵͥǵ۾Ҳ˼ɣǻġ
˵
鶼ˣһ˿ը費֪ǿչŵϣ۾ûһģ
飡
һźݺ߹ȥ˶ɳȥݺڴǽϣʹƺߡ
ʱһӵŭͺ糹ױȼһȥſһ󱩴
֪֪β㺦ң
Ӿûִ
գųƵػըѪģ
ɫԲһ㣬ݺݵ˿ĭȫ
һδۣĴ̼̫ˡ
үҪԮ
һϢس֡

ϺԥܾɫŲţܴܵ裬ֻᱻֻؿЦ
ͳĬ
һ䣬Ƿ罣˵ĲξˣҲϲΪңȥͷ罣˺
ķƣߺΡ
ףγֵķ罣ۣ̫ǿˡ
ȥɴ磡
ϣҧгݵκβ÷罣ۣҲһվɱ˺ĵͥˣҾͲţĵͥ޶ԣ
ĬĬͷ

ͬʱڷҡϡ
ζǰ
ͥԺǰȪɴأһʯǰѰͷ罣۶Ʒ̸
罣ЦЦ֮ͰˣСŲţǿϻȥ֮󣬸Ҹ¡
ѰüȻΪΣ
罣ЦŽ󣺡ƿ̫ŵ壬ȱˣ֪ŭңطϣǲҵңǲԸΪһСɫҡ
Сɫ
ѰипǿϿҲһλʥɵ˷罣ۿУһֵһɹСɫ
ɱӣֻΪֻǿϺᣬǺĵͥһ洫ӡ
罣۵ͥУΨĵͥ̣ĵͥôȴ˳С㡣
ѰҡͷҶɱôĵͥˣѽ£粻Щ
罣ȻҶһˡ
ֺƬ̣罣ʱȻСѣܷҵϣѾͷ׷һʱ䣿
ѰаȻ罣γֵԭ¾Ϊ˴¡
ңòϡ
һʱ䣬ЩΣǰܷ񶷵һ䣬ΪҪô
罣룬ش𣺡ܼ򵥣Ϊ˸ѾͷıԵȱҲȱԴΨǷȱģ¸ĥıȡľ͵;ϵɱ䡣
ѰĥƬ̣ɸߣֻΣգһʲô⡭
罣ЦǱҽ϶ϲ˶Сѡ
˵⣬Գǡʸȥһˣ
ѰҿԴӦǰǰǣԺʲô飬Աҵİš
罣ûκγɣˬӦ

£ҿʵ㣬ôڶģʺͲ飬Ժ׷ߣעǿ𣬾ı֤Ϊ֮Ҳпܡ
罣۷غ󣬵һʱҵ˽£н̸ɫࡣ
ǳƵһĨ󣺡棬Ϊ˿ôˣ
罣ӿâԺˣ棬͸Ŵӡ
³Ĭãһ
罣зϧѾͷоίҡǿġ
һһžɵӣǳӿһĨᶨ棬֪ΪҺá
罣۶ٸο
Ӵ񣬺ų̫ŵ壬죬Ψ罣״һһ
Һãڽϣ÷罣ۿһֿܣһֿ̫Ű׵֮Ŀܣ
֤뻯֮۾Ե֮ͬ·뵱ʮ֮֡ѾԶˡ
罣䣬Ƶ֮ͥǰǸƲ⣬ǧ꣬ǿչŵ£ע֣
֣ζƾ£˭ץסᣬһʮг
̫ĻϹ
ϹĻʢ
Ļ
˭һʮĴ

ţ罣۾ʲô
һͥԺܲ⡣
ӦǴϿһЩʲô
ڵ
ԭҲ˳ˮۣǸһ飬˭ȴǷ罣һ
̾
ɲˣע򵥣֮ύǸǻϣҿ罣۾ڶģΪнµСıһ컯
ģ
ϸĥƬ̣ƤЦţҪҪҲһѣ硭Ҳȥ䵱Ǹǵ̵ߣҵġ֮·˵׼߸ˡ
ʱըëһӽ


1849 
У
ȻܾʲôЦҵϵȥ˳䵱̵ߣ
ȥǱЦɣ
̾ǽһԹҲУҲУ⽵֮·ҲֻԼˡ
뵽⣬ͻȻЩĽѰˡ
˼ңô͵һλʦ֣˻Լ;ڵģ˭Ҳܲ
ٿԼ
һ̾Ϣ
ҲһжֻΪա


ڷ罣֮£˳Ϊ̵ߵϢûסĪ䶯
˶һп
ԭµһξǰ䵱̵ʱĿࡣ
ľܾ˷¡
˭һ֮󣬽»ǰǰ
ǺôļӣǷ罣ǰ棬ɢǿߣֻϴӦ¡
һЩꡣ
ɶӺεôôƫƫҪ󣡡
Ҳ˸оﲻƽ⡣
۷׷ʱѰСٲݾ
ⲿʮһʦ׫ıǲԽжԽѰеǳ
Ȼϱ׫ŵĽǺ֮ڵйصݣУһҶ֪ж˾ʱ֪ӡĴ
һҶ֪΢֪򣬱Ͳ¡֮䣬ʦԴ֤ȷʵһ׳Ĵ֮·
ѰԸпʱ
һö𡪡
ˣò衣
ͼ¶ŲյǰһϮǳѣںе˿٣¶һžµӡ
μӯӯһգظʣӨ׾֬һӣǳ峺Ů㡣
ҲΪν»ᱻΪӡԭ
ǿչŵϣʢǡ㣬ɼǣ׿Ȼ֮һλˡ
ڣȴŮ̺򣬿ڳѰΪ
һĻЩĽƳµ˿ֻ·ɡ
Ѱü¹ҲͣԺҲˡ
Ĵ׵ʹ̵ߣԵ̵ߵݡ
Ѱʱͷ󣬰ִɴ磬ЩĽµļһ￴һĻǸԼƴɣ
ν̵ߣ׷ߣ̴罣ǰ˵ѡߣԵҵİţԽɲҪٳΪˡ
Ѱ˵
Ҳһ֮ǰҲֻ׼Ѱ̬ȣŻС
ڼȻѰ˵ˣȻܾ
빫ò衣
٣Ƶ˰ʮָ͸ɲյ˹
ѰȻ΢΢ЩӦǽӹһƷƣ۾һò衣
´΢̣ƺܽҽϵļƷ衮ǴѿԽġɺѩˮݣֳܹ塢ʡֶζּƷ裬ÿǧܲߢң򲻵
̫ŵĵֻ̣һнһ޵߸޷ġ
ѰЦЦû˵ʲô
ǵáٲݾҲ裬ȷһһ䡣
ͬģʮһʦļأϻбȴ˸裬оһ걻Ϊ
ڻ磬ÿǧͻһöӡһҶ
޵̷̱ɸƿһĴ壬ɶ컯
¹ȥɴ磿
ѰһƷһʡ
µ˵ͷЩ꣬ںɴ彪͡
彪ϣ
ѰһкȻðһ
ȸ
չʦ֣һö彪ϣȸ
ܷ˵˵彪ϣ
Ѱ΢΢Щ
ȻЩ֣ǽԼ֪һһ˵
彪ϣ̫׵ڵ̫ŵ壡
׵ۡ׵ۣ̫š巽֮ۡϵȻͬһ㡣
̫׵۵ĺᣬսԡ׵ۺᡱԾӣ̾ںɴ硰ˮ֮ϡ
⽪ˮ˴ˮϵ֮һһһĸء
ҽϺͽǹʽӵ֮侭Ѵǰ˵Ϲʱڵ۵սУһ٣λ۾Ԫ𡣡
˵⣬Ѱһ죬彪Ͼμӹڵ۵ս
¹֪ȸ
Ѱ̲סʡ
üɵ˵˵⽪ȸǽһˣҲ֪ʲôںܾ֮ǰ㱻񡭡Ҳ֪ǻ
Ѱһ𣺡ˣ
ʦʶĽȸԼˣ
Ѱ˲ʶԼǰ彪Ѱҽȸǲ̫˳ˡ
µ˽⽪ȸҿȥһ
Ѱ룬ҡͷ
ʦֺԼһҲǷɽˣȸΪ˵飬˵׼ͺʦйء
˽飬һ۾ע֪Էʲô롣
¹ʶ޿
Ѱ
һ֪һ彪ϵĺᣬ˵츳ܲܶǰڡڡС
ѰаȻˡ
˼죬Ѱϣȵִɴ󣬱ȥһ⡣
ڣǬͽ޿ڵš
ʮʦ΢˵ڵĿʦӡյһӡ
ѰǰڵĿģ
Զźͽ½̸Ѱˮзһ˿Ȼ
Ͼͽִɴˡ

ǲǸˣ

һº
ҡ
ǿչŵ֮أǿĺģ޵Ϊ޵ʥء
ԭڣɴλڣ
ִ󣬷ҡϵ޵Ҳü֮еĴˣǵһκǿգǰ紫˵
嫣ֲС
ģɴɡ
һƬ㡢ʢϡ嫵Ĵ磬ͥ¡
ʮս̾ᣬ졣
֮ȺӴУһĿĹϵ̡
޵֮ʥˡʥʥɼ
Ȼ׼۾Ҳżʣ
ŵ˵Ȼǵ۾ִɴ磬ҲһЩơ
ϾɴУȱľǵ۾
ب֪жͨ뢣Ӻɴ߳ĺ˸ǿգ
ڷҡִİº
ԶԶأѾܹһ
һ޴Ļ磬ûб߽磬һҹҺبյǺӣܣһѤõٲѤãͷס
Ϊһɴ
֮ԱȣǳԵǰСͲۡ
ԶԶһ˵ĸоͷ·ټǿգȫһ縲һ㣬ġ
⣬Ǻɴ磡



1850 δ֪֮
ɴ磡
ҡϣ˿ȫͣж㱣𺳡

޷
ǳǰС糾ǺǰҲһİ
ϢǺɴصĹӰ
ͥԺ⡣
ѰҲĬ𺳡
ڵִŻ򡰵۹سǡʱѰ𺳣ܵһָСĸо
ʱǺɴȣ۹سǶԵ̫Сˡ
ǺǣһȺûС
һЦӼԶƮ
Ѱע⵽ǿպϣĽ紬ڴ飬ÿһҽ紬֮Ư½ƵģԶԶһɷ׳ۡ
һЦǴһҽ紬ϴ
ǽ紬һǧɵľ޽Ρ롢֮Уܴ͸Ǻӣ
紬һ貵ս죬дǬͥ֡
紬ϣһȺŮƾԶпŮˣһƵġ
ǬͥġǬԪ
˵
Ǭͥǿǿյͳ֮һټǿչŵ£˭֪ܲ
Щ֮УЩߡȷʵûʲô𡣡
Գ͸ۡҲһԲλԱС
׼۾̾ѣ֪Ҳ˲κηŭ
ΪԷǬͥ
һǿ˾ηɵȻ
ĿһĻŴ˵ķӦѰʶΪ֮ͥһǬͥӰǺεȿ¡
˳ŭң
ǣǿǬͥĴˣҲô¡
ԶͥԺǽͷϣЦڣע⵽Ѱɫź˲һƽ
ѰƳһһۣû˵ʲô
棬Ǭͥി۽ʥŲĵˣɶС
ȻǣҪִɴˣǵطǴ޷Ҫȥĵط𣿡
Ѱͷ
Ҫһж
۾䣬ǡÿԽа㶼ǽˣҲԿһС
У͸ڴ
ɲѰڣͱһͥԺƾδ󺰴жС
ѰЦߣֱһʱ鷳ĻħԶ֮õġ
ٰͥġ۵֮ʼʱ򣬸һҪҿɺڴٸ档
ԶԶأ
۵֮
ѰҲ˵£ֻùעҲϽȥ
ϾָͷĻͥеĺġǬɶΪжǰͿʼͣͨ
һ۵֮ϣһݱ¶Ǻ϶롣
һֱĬѰߣ˴Լ续ʫ
棿
أȳ
ͼһۣòķ罣۲֪ʱѳڳС
ѾͷϾҪִɴ磬ҲҪȥˣԺҪúչԼ
罣۶
һзһ˿ᡣ
ȥɣҺСһġ
罣˵ţĿ⿴ԱߵѰ¼ˣʶȤʱ˱ܿ
СѣԺ۷ʲôԿɳҽϵ̬ȡ
罣ĿԶĺɴ磬һ֮ܶԺѾͷ̵ߣǻҽ޹ϵ
Ѱ˵ͷֻҪҵģԲΪˡ
罣ЦС仰Ҿͷˡ
ָԶɴ磬Сѣ֪ڵ۾Уο˽磿
Ѱ档
罣зһ˿пһ仰֪ߵغ̫ˣõ۾ǿҲеСبû֪ı߽
Ѱһ۾Ͷ֮䣬ѹһСںɴǰеС
֪ɴ磬֪ģŲǱɽһǣڴ˽磬࡮δ֪֮ء
罣۵Щδ֪֮أе̫գеȥ޻ء
ͥʮսЩȻ̽ѰҲ޷ŵδ֪֮صȫò
ףΪ̫ˣһЩδ֪֮أ۾Խ׳һ
δ֪֮أ
Ѱμסν
˶ԣһ޵ţԾţһɳ졣
罣ɶͥʮսЩȻԣ˭̽Ѱʹ¸ġδ֪֮ء˭ڵͳ֮Уռơ
ѰüΪΣ
Ϊδ֪֮Уδ֪֮գͬҲ֮ĻԵ컯
罣˵⣬һֵӡ
̫ʱڣƵͥڵġâɽԭһƬδ֪֮ءԭʼϣ˷֡
ƵͥʦհڴˣڴɽϷһ鵮ڻ籾Դеġһɴ˿ˡƵͥ˸Ĺϵͳ
顰ҲƵƵ֮ͥ
âɽҲʱ𣬱֮ͥأ֪
Ѱԣһɾһͥԭδ֪֮صâɽҲ£
Ƿζţǡδ֪֮ءڣͬŲѷɫǡƵԵ
Ȼһ̷罣۾˵ƵͥԴӡδ֪֮ءл벻ĺô
еķ򵽾Ծĺ츣ء
е̽ѰһЩδ֪صͿأ͵Ҳһš
еġ
շ罣۵˵δ֪֮Уһδ֪磬Ҳһ벻ĻԵ컯
˽ԾĶ츣أĪء䡢ҩ
̫ŵϹţϹŵ֪ж޵ǰδ֪֮̽Ѱ
ɴʧء
ֻһЩǿ֮޵ߣŴδ֪֮л˴ѵ컯
Ϊδ֪֮أҲ֮δ֪ա
Ȼδ֪֮ر֪̽ѰеĵطǱѳ˿ɹ޵ܾеıء
ʱ̫ġδ֪֮ء̽ѰȻǵ۾֪ǡδ֪֮ءж
˽ЩѰֻʣһͷɴ硭̫ˣ
Ҳֵ۾ﶼеС֪ߵغ񡱵ĸп
СѣͥʮսǿȻ޿ɣǴǿչŵĴɵȵִͬҪСһЩ͵ͳ
罣ѵϻ¡ԼһЩ̫ŵ壬ͬǿ֮
Ѱͷ
һ죬Ѱ̸֮󣬷罣۱ƮȻȥ
ɴ翴ƽǰɷҡд˰º󣬲ڵִ
֮ٿֻܿһƬ磬ԼתڻϢеǳ
ɣ֮״֪󣬲֪㡣
Ǻֵ


1851 ʮ
ҡʻǻĺɴǰʱ䣬콵١
ٰǡ
һɿڳУ̳ܡ
ÿϺĽ紬ڴ˳֮⣬Ҳ紬Ӵ˳𺽣ʻǿ֮ϡ
ĶɿڳУں粻ʤö䳣
ҡ֮ϡ
һ˲Ѱ̸ܵһɳطɢŲãԭʼϢһ
ζӸɺԵɳĮͻȻ㸣أڱкŵģһƾĻϢ
类Ϣ󣬴Сˬͨ֮С
Ѱʱݡ
һ޷磡
ǾʥΪһ˲жϳڴУڹŻһһĶ츣
Ҫֻ֪Ǻһǳ֮⣬Ͳʲô츣أ
ֲǿչŵϵ޵߽ӡ硯Ϊ޵ʥأȷʵ̫Ƿˡ
Ѱип
ȥ֪ٵطܹͺȵģȴûУ
˵أط͸źɡԭʼϢڵҲʺ
ҡϣ˿糱ˮȥ޵߽¶˷ܡڴɫ
ͬҲǵһǰ磬ǿհ֮ãڵִƬ޵֪Ǻεȼ
ǰҺʦǰ
תãѰǱġ
Ѱ˵ͷЦȥɣԺǿ϶лġ
ڷҡϵʱѾһ顰ƽ̣⣬̿϶ܽеġ
ǰһ𣿡
һһˮ峺Ѱ
ѰпЦò¾֪Ҫʲô
ͷǰӻ߳ľˣ˵̹´ʱʲô飬ұ֤ȫʵ㡣
һһĨԹ̾ҲУǡڣ
ؾԼ˿˵ʱɫһ˿Ȼʧ䣬ǳģѰнԼݸ߶Էĳ嶯
סˣЦŵͷڡ
һʦׯһ˷ҡ
ĿԶȥѰвһ̾Ҳ֪ʱԷ
Ѱûע⵽ǣ뿪ҡʱ̴ǺȻһĨĻȡ
ְ֣һĶУҾѾ²⵽ˡ
ૡ
ǰ洫ϢһѰҲ˶ǿչŵº䶯
ҲǴʱѰͨĶ¸֪жΪϵ컯
̵ȻҲ¡
ԣҲΪѰҪݣϡ
ˣɶϲ㱣ҵġ
뵽⣬̲סŤͷԶԶأܿһεӰĿԼ
鲻Խ˻֣׵¶һõЦݡ
˵ллһ·໤ֹӡ

Ҳ߰ɡ
Ѱ˵ţҡȥ
ԱߣѩĽಽ
Ŀ뿪ڵһһظɸС
λүˣ
ڷҡϵ飬жһӡ
ȥԺұչأ֤Ϊۣٲ̤һ
һϡ
һ·ϣľĥͼ尾ͬҲˣһЩľԭеͱϡ
Ҳø

磬׿δ֪֮ز̸޵ܾӵĽ򣬻ʮݡ
ȡʮľš֮⡣
ÿһݣ֮ĳǳءɽӣ֮嫺͹
СġݡġŻ򡱽൱
ġݡ֮㣬ǡݡǧ
ңݸġδ֪֮ءѳ֮ϹʱڣݵĽ򣬱֮
ֵһǣҲǺ֮أͥ̾У
ݣҲڵۻ֮أ֮
˼ǣǿչŵϣ۵۾ĵطɡ
ٰǡ
λںʮеġݡǳеһ̸϶
ɶԳεִѰԣٰѿһ޳ǣǽߴǧɣһ۶ͷΡۻ롣
ʱֵ磬ġ
ǰ޵ӰϢɺ׵ģмԦģжšƵġ
ŮףɫɫģǧٹֵȺûѰ۽硣
Щ޵ߴ඼ѰһǴǿطǰֻ㡰͡
Ѱһоǣ֣
Щţʥ֮½ǣ轻ٵʥֻ֮轻ʮ
ԶԶأǰһĴ
ͼһȺУϢǿ޵ߣפڳǰάֽǳص
һЩŻĽɫѣģʥΪ
콻ɣٰǵһ塯ǿߣ峤ˮеĵͳƽڡһλϣȨ죬УһŴ
ȺУ˵͸ѰЩߡ
֮򣬱һ綼Ҫ󣬵ǰĴ磬ѿǰ
޿һͳݣҲͺеƽ൱
ҲҪɵʲôأ
˲ǸǸоˡ
ϼҵĹأٰǵĹأǰҲ˾ܲɵģ³ɶܲҡ
ϱĽ͡
ԶԶĿһĻѰе⣬ǳضѣ޵Ҫǵǵˣ
֪ǿѹͷߣٰĶɿڳУÿľǡߡԺ粻Ϥһ£˭ҲóȻĵͷߡ
ԱߵĽһ䡣
ѰȻҲ˵ҲֻڡɿڳСвŻ֣
µԣϾ̫󣬲Իǿ֮꣬ʤһСľͿǵһЩϵͳߴȺĴˡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
һҲǣէʲô˽£˭¶
Ѱע⵽ȺһЩʥʥһĽɫڽʱҲԹԵؽ˵
طЩʥʥĽɫǺ绽Ĵڣɵһǰǡ
ҲֻܹԹϡ
ѰҲһЩǳˣлٽԴһŭ⣬߳Ȱο£Ҳסˡ
ǿطǻҫޱȵĽɫں磬ҲֻǡߡĽɫ
Ѱͽ˳ȺʱһѰע⣺
쿴ǰ򣬼붼Ѱйأϴ֮󣬶ȥˣѰڱͨ


1852 ǿյһͨ
Ѱ̧ͷͿǽϷһͰ񵥣תĵ⣬ӳֳһͼġ
һͰ񵥣ԱעѰֺò
͵ģкĵͥǬͥͥѪս塢սս塭
ֻЩͳȺ֣ľ
͵Ľκ޵߷ٵͶһԼֱｱ
ȴ˸ģǲ
Ѱ˻һټǿչŵͥĴ¶û
ЩȥҲ֪ǻǻţ
ⱲӾԲ̤ǿչŵһ򣬿϶úѿ
Ⱥ۷׷ס
Ѱ
һдɱķľˣһɵ۳桱컯ķ֮
˭˲֪
ͬģÿ˶ڵѰֻһݡ
ǿչŵһͨ
ۣһĿ֮İ񵥣ѰҲһĨ⡣
ݾڵһٰǶѣôͨԼ֪طֻ࣡
Ѱ
Ҳпȴֹ
ôˣ
Ѱʡ
ƥɱķŭٶҲϲôķ粨
˼ã侲˵ףõһ컯̫ˣκεͳס
Ѱ˵ͷûٶ˵
Ժһ죬ЩΪ˸ۣ

ٰڣһַľǾ跻ҩ̣ʮ㡣
һɿڳУǿ緷˹࣬廨š
һЩ޵ߣҲϲǰɿڳѡ͹һЩϡȱı
Ѱһҿջ㣬Ը£ȥһЩͺйصĵ伮
էҪϤһС
±һʲôɽˮͼֲע⡷ɹŽǨУעݵ־
ʽĵ伮ӦоС
Щ伮ߵݿǺ̺Ѱͷۻңһͷ
ף̫󣬰󣬼ûһ伮ܹ꾡һС
ӣ򵽵ĵ伮ȱȫ˵Ƶͥġؾ¥Уһ󾭡̫ʱһλ۾ֱ׫ϱ߼¼بеһ¡
Ŀдһ˿㽣ŷĴ˾Կŵ֮仯֮Ǩֹ˽⵽İľҲ𵽲˼ĥá
󾭣
ܱĵ伮ɶһһĴУ
ֱ²ܹĵġ
Ѱҡͷ
ȻҲĶƵͥˣעܿһı
һҹʱ䣬ѰŽĸֵ伮꣬нԺһǳ֪
峿ʱ򣬽ºȻӣٰڣһĻ˵һԡδ֪֮ءϻᱻڳ˼ĺ䶯
Ѱüϣ
ԣϼأûϳ;ʦļֻģƶϳϵļֵɹ
µ
Դ˺ܸȤ
Ѱʡ
óһ򣬵ݹȥǴ˴ϻֵһЩҶδ̸֪϶ȤֻǼСı
ѰŶһù
Ŀؼ¼һЩ˵ıϼϡȱͺ
ĿⲻƳһʱѰһ
ռ羧
һλγ֮ɵıӡšռ䷨򡱵ıԴ
ܽ޵߶Կռ䷨ƿظһ
޵߶ԣȱϡޱȣȴòϡ
ɶѰȾʥԣռ羧ȴһĶĹ屦
֪ʥƿص֮֮ƿأ벻Կռ䷨Ĳ
ѰֱҲֻ۳֮򡱵ĳΣһΪҪڿ̣ͼһΨһġ֮򡱡
һΪԿռƿأδԲز
һռ羧۵֮Ի𵽲á
ѰЩʧǣϽֵռ羧ֻĴָСһ顣
ˣô˻ȥһҲ޷
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ϡ
ЩѰûκһᣬҲȥһһ
ѰӦһϼֵġǺĶ
ӣұȥ볡ơˡ
죬Ǿõ¶һԵߵЦݡ
μѣ볡ƣ
ѰһҪѯʱԷ뿪
ҡҡͷѰʼ˼һж
ǰݡ
ݣʮ֮һ֮߸ݾ·;֮ңԶʹ߸ûʲô
Ѱȴȥ
Ϊڣλݾڡ
Ѱ̬ƽͣҳէҪһʱӦ
֮أǿԵһԸȥ˽һЩò

ͬʱٰ⡣
ˡ
Żɬĵƺһݾ֮ĴŲƹУ߳һȺӰ
Ϊ׵ĺȻǵϺᣬĵͥ˿ϣ
ٰǡ
ԶΡĳǳأĿз֮ɫ
ԭ⣬Ⱥڴ˳ǰŷҡ٣ԹԵؽ̽
ΪļԵʣǰǰȺ򣬷һֻͱ罣ɱ
һ뵽⣬оһƲסķŭԹޡ
ȥһ̺ʹ˵䡣
˵ţһݸ֮ˣӡ̺Ѱٰģ
ǡ
ҴҶȥ
һӺ
߷أɿ˵ǰ̽Ϣ޿ķҡѾʱ뿪˺硣
̴Ůûнǣӣ˴˳ǡ
ɫʱϢɿ𣿡
ߵٰѿأóĻʱʱسŵһλʥһ۾ϳ˶Է
Ŀ˸һˣûиһͷӣ
ҡͷʥֻǵãǺһŮһǣŮӲ̡
һظ㳤һ˵Ҳ¶ˣ罣ͨǲġ
۾УֳĶϢҲһʱ䱻ֲںеһЩͨ
ߣȥ壬±Ҫúòһ飬ȷֻһˡ
зһĨɭȻɱΣұ֤벻ٰǣ
ȥ޷罣ֲۣڣֻܽǻŭйͷϡ
һ˾ֱٰ߽ǡ



1853 º

´볡ơ
ӣʢǰ˵ݾǿ߶
µƲ⣬ƺΪһ顮δ֪ϡ
Ѱһʵ¹˵Ҫһռ羧Ҫٵ
һ˼⣬˵ǰڰ׵۳ǣҲֹһռ羧ŲͭǮСʮļ۸񡣡
Ͻֵռ羧ĴָСƶϣֵһ
ϵ飬м۲һ˶Դ˱־ڱصãֻߡ
꣬Ѱ
һĴָСĿռ羧ѣֵһǱǮ϶ߣ
ֱۣ
˵һ޵ߣʥһĴڣ¶òô
ѰȻĿǰǮһȴʶ޳ԣĵҪ¶ϼѡ
ΪԽߣһıѾ޷С
ѰУһ޵еĹ屦ԣɲó
֮ҪģܹʥԴ
Դ޲ͺһЩĵر۸עҲ䲻ƣ򲻵
¹Ҵһȥһߡ
һѰϡ
ǳһ˿ײʧ䣬ͷұڿջȹӡ
ֱĿѰ뿪һ̾ȻûȫԼ
ٰǼ֮۽ֵǽԽΪ޵׼ڳҲӵӰӡ
ΪɿڳУٰɼֺͷɼϺ̷
Ҳд˷޵ڴѡͻƷ
ѰڱڳйһӺһɫĽǰ㡣
¥
Ѱһ˿
һεִʱ¥д̽ϢΪ¥ֻǴеһ
˭룬ٰڣͬ¥ڣ
רռͷϢԶҪӴ󡭡
Ѱһ˼⣬һ߽¥
Ҫ̽һЩϢ
֮ѰһңһӴ
֪ǰ֮硯·øٵ
Ѱ̽
ɫһͣЦζѣʱкܶ˺һ̽ǰ֮·˳˰ۣ
̾Ϣϧ¥ȴ޷ṩϢ
ѰҲ¥֪飿
ɣȴΪȻЦ֮ǿչŵֺ嫣¥ȻҲ֪顣
Ѱ˵ͷ̽˵Լ֪⣺ٰǵĺν룿
ɫָϢֵ
Уǵ½֮ù⣡
á
Ѱó
뿪¥ʱѰѴһºе֡
ի
һأž˵̵ĵ˵ںУիĵºдڡ
һƫƧһ۵ļͥԺ
Ѱִ̧һ㾶ֱͥԺ

ͼͥԺûĹĻƵģһȦȦѰӰ֮ʧС
ͥԺУһ
һС磬ֵݺᣬؼ串һƵ֡
ֵ޵ߵӰɫҴңеĴŶңеĴߣеԺӰ
ҲһЩ޵ߣڽֵϰ̯Ʒ
ֻǺһƬƵĻ谵ĵģûκԵúܹ졣
ʱ˫ҲԴ̸
ٰǵĵºУ
իƵĵ̡
ѰĿһɨʱжϳе޵߼йݣԴԼݡ
лѣҪæ
һòݵһ£һƵͼڡ
ţԷիˡ
ҪһЩ
Ѱڵ
ѣֽ׷ʽһ۸ի۸ϵһЩ
лڳɿñһһٿıֻʮ
߳ɣ
ԡ
Ҫ۵ıܴأ
Ѱ
лһǾͿеıжˣʱ϶һıꡣ
Ҿ͵ǳԲ¡
Ѱڵ
лһ£ЦѣҲлԿ䣬ٰлûիԲµĻ
Ѱûȥ棬ʵһֽ׷ʽʲô
лָŽֵЩ̯Լ̯ԼۣիҪȡһʰ̯ķá
ѰʱϨ˰̯˼ϵı̫̯࣬Ļ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ߣȥիʶʶ
Ѱ
лһ񣬵롣
Уλ˿ƽ棬Ҳ޷˿ʵǳ̸ֹȴһεơ
ֿˣкöҲիӭ
лѰŽֵԶȥ
һ·ϣɼ޵ߵӰɫɫڵ̯Ҳкֻܶ࣬ǳ۵Ʒ඼벻Ѱۡ
ֻڰ;ͻȻһִ𡪡
ǰһ̯ǰһŮӷŭ㻹̯۵ģɶҸǰõı
ЩﶼҴӱɴʶ㸸ס
̯һòϵĻߣٵңɱ಻
Ůû˫Ŀֱ𣺡ǰҸͻȻУϱȫɣЩȴɵ˭ɵģ
޵߶ڿ֣ɫζ
ǵºУÿһ̯λ۵ı඼ù⣬ǣ
Ҳᱻںгۡ
ȻŮѰģϳ׵õ˺гۣ̯ɱˡ
ǻ߳ǺУŲţھɱ㣬Ҳû˹ܣ
䣡
أ֣̽һ߬ס˺Ůѩ׵Ĳ˰գնǺ죬ѣ޷
ֵ޵߶ҡͷ
ŮҲ̫ºѰƫƫʵСⲻ
﷢ִիܣ
Ѱʡ
лֻṩ׳أάϵĽѰ飬췢ܲˡ
ѰҪأ
лһЦѣɱЦˣºûһϵᡣ
Ѱ·ƽεô
лʶѰпģԥѣһִ£һأ
ǾͿˡѰġ
Ӣ۾
̸ϡ
ʲôúˣֻǾã鱻Լײˣȥᣬоͻ᲻
Եᣬ飬ɱ˲֪ٵˣҲ㲻ʲôϸϵĺˡ
ɲΣʲôʱӲԼһ˽Įˣ


1854 Ū
ŮǰڣҪϢ
ɱ˾ǰֹҪ˴Լе
ֻ֣̫ŭ̫嶯ûƾԼǵ˵Ķ֡
ǡ
ɱ֮𰡣
òҵˣ˭侲
ˮضŮһ̾Сʱ׾ԼĻ
޵ߵ磬ǿʳпݲһ˿ʴȣڵʱ򣬱ػһһһ죬ײˣҪúչԼ
ʱ⣬Ӹ߶Ӹ׹̫ܵ࣬Ӹ״Լ˿
ڡ
ľǸףڵľû⸸׵ģ
ںޡաŭεɽХû޾ľ
ѣŮɫף罫Σ
أ˷һ٬Ц
ŶһԣһŵΣ
һŵ
һ㶡
У׳һŮҲֵһŵ
ߵȻ
ʱһЦ
ǰºе޵ߣ࣬ȱ׼֮ԲһŮӵ

ڴʱѰӰֳУ䵭ǻߡ
ӴӢ۾
·ƽεϣȻˣ
ǻ߷Ӧڳ޵߶ʼ壬ԴоϷʺͳŪ
ѣǶЦ㣬ȷҪ
ߴŲм
ֱ׳·ЦȷʵԽԽʧˡ
Ѱ̾
£
ڳһЦ
ϵƶ񡢺ڰסûҪҪǣ˭˭
𡣡
Ѱ˵ţҲ
䣡
ֻһȻĪѹȶʮɽѹͨһڵء
ͬʱǺŮ򱻾¡
еĺЦȻֹ޵߶¶ɫ
ʶǳЦˣһɫ
㣬أ
أŮӷһŵĴС
ͼǱѹڵصĻߣ类αװһǱõ꣡
ܻ㣬ǶѶ飬ҸҲǰã㡭ôɳ顭
ŮɷףƲԼ۾
޵ҲһȻɱδ
ݣ
ɫԻ֮ǰǰ㵭ˡ
Ůˮģ̫ˣԼĸףǱԼδɱ
˶
ˣѰָһһ鴤һʹ˻УһΪϵ
г𱨳ԹԹ
Ѱ仰תȥʼգ˸
Ҳ˸ҳЦһ˿壬ϡ㡰¡ǿߡѾˡ
ߵ;һĲҽС
Ѱûͷ֪ȻѾɱˡ
ںŮлεȱͿɬѰֻܱͬ飬ʼգҲֻһ͡
ѣ䲻ͬȴܾ塣
·ϣлĬƬ̣˵ºУһҪȰһ䣬òҪĴ⡣
Ѱû⡣
ûãлָ£Ѱһϵĵ
һ룬Ѱ˲ע⵽иһصĽɭ֮
л뿪ʱֹһ̾ҡҡͷ뿪
Уˣмһ꣬뷢ī磬ϢĪ⡣
ңֱһ׷ԲԵߺһ޵ĸˡ
׷ڸһѽӲӵ̣Ⱥ͡
޸ű¶ظʣѩףһ޳Ĵؽһˮģɢų졢˵Ȼˡ
ѰĿһɨжϳһʥ׷ߺ޸ʥΪ
ٰǣѾǾˡ
ϾֻٰݾǳеһλٰǵĺУһӳλʥѾܲ򵥡
ȻܶԷ಻򵥣Ѱ⡣
ľ磬׼۶ҲɱĿܽһʥʥУ
Ҫʲô
еĺڣĿ絶´Ѱδʲô
ʱѰϢ豣ƽ棬ݣĿܻöԷԼϸˡ
һ걦ҩֵٵ
Ѱ֣óһ걦ҩ
ǧٵһЩʧڱһ֡
ǲ̫˵㡣
һ걦ҩ磬Ҳֵǧ
޵ĸЦѣǺУ۸ȻҪ࣬Ҫ۵ıкܶ࣬ǮҲǿġ
ѰŶһһӣһƬıҩѻϰ֮࣬ʣҩ
Щء
¶֮ɫϸƬ̣Ʒ඼ϲ԰߳ļ۸񡣡
Щء
ѰٴλӶƿƿ޹޵ĵҩӶ
޸ǰһһ̽⣬ȵѣϵĺûɫٰЩҩУһЩɶЩϵͳ⴫Ʒ
һĨâˣֵΣ
԰İ˳ɡ
޸˱һ
𼱣С
˵ţѰ½óһЩ䡢ʯ衢ҩһıѻһСɽƵġ
һ£޸˺΢΢
ԱһֱĦɫ̵İ׷ߣֱЩǰһһ̽ͼ
УĽɫž
һһĺû԰ųչ
׷̧߳ͷѰĿУѴһĨɫǴЩпһЩʲôߡ
һӣ޸˽סɫҲǸеЩ𾪡
һˣ˶౦ۣÿһƷһĺûɫ̫Ѱˡ
ųɣ
Ѱҡͷ
ЩЩѼսƷԺЩ˶ԣÿһﶼֵϡȱݡ
ɶѰԣЩﶼɲóʶŻó۵
ѣͳѾǼˣϾǵ½׳ҪֵЩɶǼù
˹˵ȻߣǮԲܻ൱
ų壬իܳ£ЩȫǵģԲ£һطǡ
Ѱڵ
üͷɫ١
ºеģһЩͷβùĽɫһ¶϶ᱻ˶ϡ
ңнףֻʵأ
ʶʱû˸Ҹիּۻۣ
ˣѵһλ׬һЩǣͯһбļ۸񡣡
Цڡ
׷ߵ˵ͷнӲӵ̻һ졣
죬̧ͷޱ鱨һܼƾŰʮ
˽¶ɫǱ嵽
ѰȴһЦ϶Լö֮Ū٣


1855 Ѫɡ¡
Ѱǰºǰٰй䣬ʵѽҪ۵ĸֱļֵй̽
׷߱ļ۸񣬿ѽӽһǧһʾ˵ľ޸
ʵѰԼ㣬°վųɵ飬ԼЩһǧ˰
Ͱ׷ľŰٶһ
ɴ˿϶жĺڡ
ʱ˻һ̾ظпŰٶٰǵºУԳƵǧһĴ
Ҳһĸп¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ѣ۸իҲܳȴҪһʱＯ磬ȸʣµĵÿһ±㻹һΣ
ˣѰһЦЩ˶Լˣ
龧ԼӦԷԸҲˣ
λϷˣǼȻû⣬Ҳա
˵ţѰҪЩ

ɫһɭȻѣЩǣٹϵͳһع⣬ǻܲ
У͸ŨŨв
Ѱüիôģˣ˺ģ
̲סЦѣºеһ飬ͼù⣬˺ģǿ޹أЩǱͱȥҪѱ
׷ޱô˻ᣬ͵һ仰ºеĹغܼ򵥣Ǿǡի˵ʲôʲô
ѰЦκ˼һʥʥһ޿ֵ̬вԼһʥ
λģԲµĶҭԼ
ѰȻڡ
Ǳ˴˶һۣЦˡ
ѣóԼʵţիĵ̣ⳡ㲻ӦҲôӦ
˵ţָһ

ǰϣһ
ʱ䣬һеؽһ˲ͱתһʱ״ˮŷ
ܵĵͼѰȫû
ϧˣһҿɲء
˽Ц
ҸЩ
׷ȣ͸޾̰ЩҺγ޷̤ʥ
ҲЦҲû뵽ξסһ㣬ɲѰˣҶ֡
Цȴһ͵̣鶼͹һš
ͷ˵Щô֣ǷҪ򡮺ϡͨһϾٰǵºУ˼Ҹ𡣡
ġ
ߵ飬ˣ֪϶ǻ˹ء
׷߳
ͷ
˸Ҫ˵ʲô͵ؾע⵽ɫԾŤͷһҲ͵һ¶ɫ
ţ
ͬʱ׷ߵͫҲһ
ͼؽƸУһӰƮƮ߳ƽأ
ܣ
Ȼ֪ǵĽһλʦʱ䲼£֮ǿɱ۴ʥ
ѵ
ԷΪȾ۴ʥ
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ģȴɱ˶ᱦիҲ̫˰ɡ
Ѱ䡣
̤ͲЩĵ裬ĻЩ
ЦǣЩЩɱˡ
ѣҵ֮ǰֻһ̽ѾõիϿɣʸˡ
һһӲЦݡ
ǰ
Ҳæͷ
ʲôϻڴˣĹǿôٳٲҶ֣
׷ߡ
ۣ
Ѱ̧֣һġ
׷ߵɲǼʧȥҽ׷Ʈ
ľ壬֮
ֻͷƤ飬ûðͨͨ򵹡
ѻϢŭҵȸղ飬̧֣
˲
Ƕµѣ㲻ҪΪֲǾм
ѰɫȻǸѾûիס
һӡ
䣡
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ŵôзһУֱ̱ڵأһѩ׷Ĵȶ¶ڱĵϣĵϾǾ֡
ѣԺΪ֮ǰð㣬ѸشۣʹΣ
һɳƵȻ
һ٪㣬뷢СͷͻȻڴС
Ͼ
Ҫ֮ץסһݣ
٪ͷûֻǽĿ⿴Ѱ
ѰɫȻ֮ǰ飬㶼۵ף
٪ͷ̾ҲǸ
ôɣ
Ѱڽ
٪ͷЦѻǵлɣ֪ͨϷġ
Ѱ˼ԭˡ
ǵãǰ·ϣлרѹԼԼвҪκ⡣
ԼǰʱֹȻԼʲôֻǵʱȴû˵
ΨѰǣлȥ٪ͷˣѵҲԼף
ˣһﵹҲδ
뵽⣬ѰɫͲ٣ˣµΪֹ
٪߰һѣСǰʱիһλҲڣⶣϣܹ͵Ѽһ棬Ǹ⡣
ѰЦЦòҵɱְɣ
٪һĿЦѷǿɲ⣬իĻҵˡ
أ
Ѱһָ̱ϵˡ
٪һĨâѷģ뿪֮ǰСϱظһ
˶ʱɵۣ˸λϡ٪ƵĲۣȴһĺĺˣһΣҲѲƤ
һ뵽⣬ŵɲʧǡ
ѣ롣
٪ͷЦŹ֡
Ѱ˵ͷ
һλٰеĵºоһС磬λãһڵĹϵ
ǰһ޳ӰȻ
һϮɫȹѣһͷҹīɫѩ޳ָ䣬һѪɡ
ɡǺɡѪҺнݹĴۡ
ȹڷѪɡԼǺɫճһĻ档
ԶԶأһĻʱѰͫҲ΢΢һеһ־Ķǵ֮С
٪ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫһֽϵĿ˵С㣬ˡ
°ɡ
ɫǰһѪɡȹŮӳдһĨصĴԣڰг˯߽
٪߹һȻ¡
СŮӤӣ֮ǰ飬ĸвԸԾ⣬蹫һЩ
ȹŮڣѩ׵ָ䣬֬ѪɡһصĻɬڵֻ֣ܿһʯ
Ͳˡ
ѰҡͷΪ޷͸ȹŮӵΪҲȻ
ʵͨղ٪ߵ̬ȣʶɢ졢ϢŮӣעǷ
ֻǣԼľͽֻΪ˵Ǹ


1856 п̽Ŀ
ɫǰѪɡǣɡȹԼī˿Ʈҷ
Ǳ벹ģ֮ǰֵıիмȫˡ
ԳӤŮԣ˵ţѩ׾Өָһֳһɫơ
ԺֻҪֳִںիʱбԿɰųмۡ
ಣ
ɫƻһĨ⣬ƾճѰǰ
ưƴСӨ͸ɫƣû֡
һ˼⣬Ѱ㽫£лˡ
Ѱȥ
ӤûоܾĿӰʧ
ʺѪɡ£һֵϣֳһĨ˼֮ɫ
Ϣأ٪֣߳С㡣
λѾ뿪ˣ
ǡ
أ
Сָʾ
³㲻
٪߶ʱͷ亹Сˡ
ӤתһϮȹƮҷѪɡ߽Ǻɫ
һڣҪλӵϡ
Ʈգʧ
٪ظ㣬˲ͷ亹
Ϊٰ¥ĸˣ٪߾ºеףɱᣬȨ졣
ѰĴʥﶼУ
ӤǰȴԵǰı΢͹˳Ͳκһ˿Ĳ
ҲֻӤС¥ĵλǺε֮Ȼͳߣ
ˣ飬ֻǷ¡
٪һ̾ת뿪
һӡ
٪ٴγںɫǰ
С㣬ϢѴ̽ˡ
ڡ
ϢУһɫԼӰУһѪɡϢϿա
޿ġҡִٰǣСץһҡϵĳ˿ͣһʣһЩΡ
˵ţ٪óһ򣬹ݳȥ
УϸѰӵϷҡһ顣
䵱̻նɱĵͥһǿߡزؽɶڤһ˶ϡѹӵܡ
⣬ӤжһĨʣԼµʲô
ٿȥȴ΢΢һ
һҹزؽڤһˡһ֣һһ֮󣬷罣Գ֡
ɺȴûǵزؽڤһʧ罣۱̬ӻý°߳䵱̵ߣ
һУԵǰ㷴
һʲô
Ӥ˼
ãʵɻϢ
٪æ˵ĵͥĿϴɱϷҡҲ罣ѹ
ϻ湻ģһλصĽۣɵ
Ӥ¶һĨм
˵ϣǿչŵϣ˭֪Ǻĵͥ˵£ؽɱ
٪һ
ȻشӤԹԵܾǰУڵʮ䣬˺ڰЩҪĺݲӣ˸ô
٪ΪȻ
ĵֻͥһֶ죬˵ͳĴˣߵĲǱ˱ϹϾضԴ
Ӥһ˿صĴԣǰʱڣȴôˣɱĲֹǺĵͥˣͥʮսУڴеĴ˿ɲ֪жٸ
Ѱ٪߼ѿڶ

Ӥϣ㲻Ѱ·Щ𣿡
٪ߵС㣬ǻɸղ˾Ѱ
ϣĪɱһ첻µزµѰѾǿչŵе𾪣ˣϻֵڶ𣿡
Ӥģ֣Բһϵǿߡ
зɫС㣬Ѱһ׮ɵ۳컯Ҫǡ

ӤϵֻҵһЩ²⣬֮ǰط۲ȻйαװʵģȴѰп϶
Сʲô㣿
ǡ
ӤȻסûҵý֮й¶ȥ
һæӦ

Ӥૣû뵽˴ǰٰǣҷһԺֻҪ㻹իףע֮ա

뿪ºк
Ѱֱ޵Ŀջȥ
ϣѶǧİŵԤ滹ҪҵĿ
ѰӤνġ
һ뵽ء졢޵ŮˣѰԺо͸ֳһѪɡһϮȹ
Ѱҡҡͷ
ͻٰǣԺûٻټԷ
ţ
ִջǰѰȻ㡣
ʶУ˲䲶׽Ŀڰп̽Լ
һӣվһ̯ǰһ⣬һأβµŮӣһ衣
Ѱûͣؽջ
У裬ʮָϸӨףˮĿ
£Һ˶ˡ
Ѱ߽䣬һ࣬ϲյһڡ

°һĨ糺죬ϸСƵĽë΢
ôˣ
ѰһʲôӦ
ָָѰеĲյӣⱭҸղˡ
ѰһҲһΣûע⵽㲻Ҫ⡣
һתƻղ˵Ǳˣ
ѰͷüǲŸյִٰǣֲʲôˣȴҷʱжңˡ
ҪҪȥһ飿
ɫҲ
ʱҪݾߡ
ѰǱ뿪ʱٿǷһж
µ˵ͷ

ͬʱ塣
ΪٰǵһϼռعģһС츣أڼɽˮ̨ͤ¥鿣ɼ
˴ɣҿԺ֤ǡ
һУϴ𵶵λãɫ価ư
ڴܣϼҴŮʵĶʥΪ
빫ӷģٰǣûϼҰ첻顣
һۣòϵӹڡ
ϼҼˮһλԲʥƽеһλϣȨ졣
ݾҲһŴ
ɴʱԿʱȴԵüǫ
ֻϼҵǸò
ޱҲԷģʱ߻һ֡
ˮֵȫƾӷԸ
һˮ̬ȡ
϶ٰǶ̫ã뿪֮գǶ֮ʱ
ϣڴ֮ǰϼؽ˶ˣһ˱Ӵ¡Ǻǣǿɾͱֱӷˣ
˵գﳤȥ
ʼգˮһڴﶼһԹ̬±ϺвҲκһ˿Ĳ
ԭܼ򵥣ϱվŵǺĵͥһڵָ䣬̤ƽȻ
ٰǣ
޵ڴһᡱĻ


1857 ʯ
՝޵ߵӰ˷۶ȥ
ݾһͳڡµĲҵ鲼ݾڵÿһС
˴ٰǶ󼴽ıԿϡ仹һδ֪֮صϣȻ޵ߡ
޵߶Ǵطǰ
Ѱͽ³ʱһ·ϼʥʥʥʥ
лһЩ̤۵ɫ
Ѱòп粻ǿչŵһ硣
ֻٰݾǳ֮һѣ˶ʥȳ棬ɸ
ӣҲˣ߳ջڣһ·вڰжǡ
Աߣµ
һ£˼޳һͷīɫ٣쾱ѩף徧ӨΨǾɵսйװֻΪ̸Ͼޡ
Ͷɢһ֮һ·ϻ˲ע⡣
Ǿ˵ķˣĲֹƤǣɢϺʡ
Ѱһᡣ
ִﶫʱΪַǷ
Žó볡ƣ˳ؽ롣
ڲ󣬸ؽһ۵ľƵġ
λ
һǰ·
Ѱ֪볡ƣǹλһרŵż䣬ܹʶĲ̽
ֻ볡ƣֵ
۸񣬶һƷԺõʥˡ
ûã᳡޵ߣѰԹ㣬ֻ볡ƣܴ󽫽ŵ
ѰͽҺֹԼĪӡ
һ壬ֹŲ̊촽Ц⡣
ӭλǰ֥Ǵ˴ʦ
δ£һ󾪺
ԭڳ֥ǰһλݵľʥ
˭Ҳû뵽һѣһʥ䵱ʦѾܾˡ
Ҳˣõڴʼˡ
˴ᣬʮ߼һһȻһЩұ֤ÿһԲôʧ
ˣϻ˵ڱ㿪ʼϵһ
֥£һŮ˫һ̨ͭ
ȫðĿⶼ˹ȥ
Ȼûʧտʼѣ͵ȼڳ޵ߵ飬䶯
УϹ챦ƷԶѰʥѵõǣһõıųƿƿռϣĪ⡣
֥䣬Ȼ˶𶯣Ŀⶼó
֪ܱϹ챦ģʮϵ³οһศɵı
ƿռϣҲζţ±һЩҲƾ˱ƿһ·ܲĶ
֥ͭʱ¶һתԵķУܻ֮࣬Լ֮쳹ˡ
ˣ˶¶֮ɫٵĺҲǴ˷
һЩ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
һԺñ
֥΢΢һЦַӦļʮÿμӼ۲һ
ʮ򣡡
䣬ȲһӼӼһȻ
һԱܲףǡĿǰҪģʮ򣡡
ǸһԱһҪ㵽֣ʮ򣡡

᳡У˷̶ͽһһۣޱ֡
գһԱﱻһżеĴﾺĵ֣Ĵһʮ
ѰǵһβμᣬĿһﱻµọ̈̄Ҳʡ
ֻǣɻ벻ۣʶʼնۡ
ҲһֱУʶ㣬żΪѰһЩʱľϡ
ڶƷһĹ֮ʥ͵ɡ
ûã֥óڶ
ʥɣ̳ɡ͡أ
ȻûΨʥ̤ͣʥһɣʥ֮·°빦
Уӵ𣬼֣˶ܼŸտʼĵѾ㺱Ρ
Ҳ˰԰̾ƾǵеĲû취뵽С
ѰʼܸȤɽأ͸оЩѵζ
ΪЩıԼûʲôô
ʱƣֵıҲԽԽˡ
ţ
ѰоЩʱزڵĶУһɲ
ʱ̨ϣ֥óһȭͷСĿʯһλðɫȻһɫĵƣһǳƵ
ʯʮƣǴʥһϣļʮÿμӼ۲
֥˵
Ǯ̫ˡ
ҡͷ
˽Ը͡
ͨʥһʥͼֻ֮һЩϴͳŴмʥط
ңռ֮ҲޱȼѣҪԵñʥһδɱ䡣
ʯ󣬿ɽֻһζ϶ѣһ޵߻治Ը⻨ѴǮ´
˴ϸȱۺĴܿ˱ۡ
ʮ
ʮ򡣡
ʮ򡣡
ֻǾ۵ȴԵϡϡģҵǮʮʱû˾ۡ
ۼ˱Ҫ£Ѱڿڣʮ򡣡
ߣ
֮ǰ۵ģͬҲе޵ߣۻ룬ͷѰһ֣ʱ¶
ʮ򡣡ٴαۡ
Ѱԥһ򡣡
һֱӼӼʮ
жʱһû뵽һʯѣֱӻһֱǻӽ
֪һһʥˣ
ѣҪϷ
һۻŭ塣
۶ѣ治𣬾͹ã𣬾ͼҷ㵽׾ǡ
ѰȻ
У޵࣬Ϊһʯѣֳ˻
治Ϸ޵񣬻û˸˵棬㣡
ǴŭЦһٶʮ򣡡
жʱ䶯
̨ϵ֥΢̣ϣϲֵľֿˣΪ棬£϶ᱨߵļ۸
ӣ۸ѾˣԶԶֵá
УҲѰ֮ǰ⣬޷ѰΪһϣѪƴ
ȴѰЦЦҿžǡ
ۣһʮ򡣡
ƮƮһ仰һ˲ţ޵߶һ㱣㻳Լˡ
Ƿ
һʮѰʥԣȫһˣһʥ¶һòô
ڣΪһϣͺһʮֱץ񣬸оѣ
Լ̫֪̫


1858 еľ֮
һڣһɫÿ¡
飡
һǰ빣ɢɲıŰ棬ʶںɨ
ϧѰڵż䱻ʶ޷̽
Ҳ֪ĸ˶Ҹ
ɫĿ¡
ߣӵһŮɲ
ɣݾһš
棡
һѳĵʦߵﶼء
ЩŮͽ
棬һʯѣȻҲԶԶֵôߵļǮɱӡ
һŮȰο
Ƕƨ
ҧгݣɭ£Ҷ飬ⱦԶǶȿǰ򵥡
ЩŮףΪѪƴ
һٰʮ򣡡
أٴαۣ۸ĶڵѪ
Уž
֪޵ڴ˿̱𺳵һʮѾץ񣬿ڣ۾һһٰʮ
˭Ҳû뵽һȻޱȣԱȽŵ϶ѣһĳһĿۣ
Ҳеڣıߵһαۡ
ĪǲѰ
ϸ̽һ
һЩУݾڵһЩҲʶԾ
Ҳʼ¹עϡ
̨ϣ֥ҲɣʯһҾʦһδʲôֵĿĵط
ƣܹĵʮ򣬶Ѿ׬׬ˣڵȫԤ
һʱ䣬᳡նóƺ͹
ƾЩβ̽Ҳûвʲô쳣жЩ׼
ξۣΪǽֻһ֮
ЩѰƻȻ㣬ٴαۣ
򡣡
֣ȴһǾףȫ䶯Ϊ֮Ȼ
Ǿŵĺηʥ
ⶼƷ಻ʥˣ
ֱǺԣ
ʱöͷ̡

Ȼõóھ͸ôۣУؽ׽⡣
һҧ˾ۡ
´ھͳȥúòһһе˾ʲôݣҺͱԣԲ˶ߣ
¶һĨɱ

գʯ£ܿ͵Ѱڵҡ
Ѱ˱УзһĨɫⱦȻйŹ֣
ȭͷСĿʯһλðɫȻʮɫĵƣһǳƵ
һɿҲûʲôġ
ɴʱѰڣѴֳ궯еס
һУΪʯ
¹Ҫһ£һ
˵ţѰ̧
ˣ
н֯һƬɬܵĵƽƣѰܸǡ
ĵ裡
зޣЩʧ
ԽڱܣȻǲԸԼҪ顣
ʲôʱŻȫҡǳ͸зһ˿Ȼ
ѰûЩ
֮ôҲΪ˷£Ƕһ¶˵׼ͻᱻʶԼݡ
֪Уɱ˲֪ٶ֣ʹõıҲ֪
ৣ
ӳ缢ǣ͵ͷųʢĹԣѰеʯǡ
ۡ
һܼȭͷСʯѣм׹䣬һĻ濴ɡ
ЩмɶǾǴʥĹؼڣ
ڣƶЩȤ
ûãмУһŸ뵰С̣ͨʵ¶

޾ɫϼ֮ɢ
㱼䣬Ѱ·𿴼һɫĺӿŵľŨ񡢴嫵Ĵ
ǵ֮ŨңѰһϣԺðٲݾصһ
Դڻ֮أ̥̣֮Ϊ֮ԪԪ֮ʼ
֮Դһ絮֮һ񵰿еĵƣ֮Դ
աٲݾأԴ֣·С׵ȵԭʼԡ
Դ֮һ
뵽⣬Ѱ׬ˣ
Ҳû뵽һʯУһšԴֵ֮󣬸Ƕٵܹģ
Ϊ̫ĸ޵ߵõ˭Ҳóˡ

з⣬ڷȡԴ
ۿɼб棬ٶӿֳһƽıơ
ԭʱмȡѲʮơ
ڣƵڲ
ÿһеϢǿʢһأɢѩ׹Ծú財
ֱѰ۾һֱʹĸо
նƳܲס粼㱻˺ѳѷ죬ı
ѰǰԽڱΣֻ󣬶ݻٵеһа裡
ʮţʮʮһ
ѰŶеı仯ͷҲù̷ȡ
ʥ·࣬һͨʥһǱʥ
ͨʥܳһʥٶӵʥСʥƷйء
ʥнˣֹǺҼʱޱѣҪԵ
һԣʥҪԶͬƷ׵һʥҪΪǿ󣬲ңܹؽ޵һǱͷų
һ㣬ʥԶԶ޷ġ
ľڱʥӵСơ
۳ơʱͻʵɱ䣬Ҳ֮츲صı仯
۳һٵơʱʥսɱ䵽һȫ¸߶ȣʼ̥֮޵սһ
ʵ޵ƾƣֻʥĽףԡơΪƷס
Ŀ۳顱
飬ӵǻۡľΪսһ޵û
ֻǣ̫ˣǧʥУһӵġ
ֻҪӵ飬սʱͷųԳĿֲ
鹭飬ȱȣɱʥɱɣƥ
Ѫɫɶġᰡȱ˵ҲһΪԪӡ顣
ᰣѰ֤Ϊ۵
£Ŷеķɿɱ䣬䱾ƵѾʼƽһ
Ѱǣеıִʮʱٳ޷ˡ
ʱһԴѿҪȡһգѰҲЩ
ž
ûãԴӳѣɻƮ
Ҳڴʱڶжһģıһ۳ֻǼúǳ
ɼˣһɲѰһԺкһӿֳһĵĻ桪
һƬޱ߼ʵĺڰУһٿȻ



1859 ֮
ڰޱģҪûϢѹ֡
һΪڰĹ⣬һȼյĴա
Ŀޱȵ˺飬ƿĽ棡
Ŀⶢϵһ˲Ѱֱֻð׹ߣë׶뵹
һպϡ
ҰУ±ڰǡ
ҲʱѰԼԼ䣬һӰ
ݼںڰУͷɢһĴָϸʺ˫㡢˫šϣʻɬ򲨶
ǣ⻭̫ģˣѰϲŮǹ
һڰӰȴѰһֲֿ޷ĸоһڰеһɻأ
Ѱѹڴڵġۡ
һڡ塱ʱҲѹ޾±ǨҲѼ
ֻۡ͡һǣһڰĿݼӰһּµƽ͵Į
ѹԼԸ
ƾʵ̫ԶԺɡ
һѰĺдУĮдһ˿Ȼ
䣡
һ˲ѰԺиֻɢ
ȫǴ졣
ٿУǱð޹⣬ûõĹâһʵ׾֮С
棬ԭһƽıƣԼԪͼʧ
ԶԶһһѰͨĶϽ
ͨѰȴ֪гɱˣ֮ȫ
һڰӰȻе顭˵Ĳвǲȱӡ
Ѱղ棬иֳ
ԣһʥһƺ󣬾ͻᵮ֮ߡ
ֱԺ۳ġ顱
ڣȴûвɱ䣬ѰŵһڰеӰ
棬˵˱ȱֻʣһطУⱾĵĲλȴʧɼˣӵ㲻˼Ϣ֪˱طͬ졣
ңŹֵǣ˱ǲȱģɸҵĸоȴֳһ֡Բ֮С
գƶϣ
һɣ˱ɱ飬ֻΪĳԵɣ˱ġơһֱӡΨмȡܽЩӡıһһҿ
ʱѰҲڸҿ϶Բ٣иǲȱģӡ
ԭʵһֱûпƶܡ
ѰһڰеӰĻʶöе̬չֳӵ㹻ǿʵ
ˣܴƶеķӡΪã
ˣеɱ䣬ѰΪ𺳡
ƶϣ˱֮ǿ˲ֹһԼսʱԼӳս
ֱһı仯
֪Ѱѹ¡ڤǷӳսָöǿ
Ψһı׶ǣֻöսܷӳս㲻С
û뵽˴ᵹҵõһ׮Ե
뵽⣬ѰǷЦ⡣

УѰܵĽƳ
ӿջ񣿡º
Ѱ鲻Цջܴﳬֵ
ȷﳬֵŵ˶һη츲صı仯ȫѰ
أǷһ
Ѱʡ
ˡ
Ҳ¶һĨϲãȻʱ۸ԸһЩ˴ҵıʥһ̨ס
Ѱ˵ͷ
ỹڼһһһһֵļҾۡ
ʮռ羧ⱦã㲻ٽͣͼʮÿμӼ۲õʮ򡣡
ȴûã֥ڣѰ־ڱصõĿռ羧ڳ̨ϡ
ͬʱȫҲ䶯
ЩеĴٶʥεĴڣԴ˱Ҳ־ڱصá
ۿʼʱһı֮
ʮ򡣡
ʮ򡣡
һ򣡡
ǻȶҵգóв޵߶࣬ȾۣЩѰûȥ
˺һξۣȫͳһȺ֮Ľˡ
ԭսµķĴָСһռ羧Ҳһٶļֵ
ɿּҵľ˱Ҫĳһۣ
򡣡
ѰҲ˽
˿ռ羧Կռ䷨ƿؽһ۵֮ҲĪ
ܴ
ңɸȱ
Ǽһ
һЩ޵ߴбϳѰǸղ¡ʯˡ
һʱ䣬пƴҲˣ
ˣ
ͬʱһңñǿð̣Ҳ뵽˿ռ羧ľۣ־ڱصá
û뵽Ѱ
򡣡
ܿ죬һŵ֣һЩﶼֱӷˡ
ռ羧䱦ۺ죬ҲǿıԶԶ㡣
۸Ѱ
˭
ҵģƺһһŮ
϶ǷĴһ˿ɸûе뵽־ۡ
Ѱӽļƣ޵߹ע
ҶţѰѰˣһҲӵôĵ
һʮ򣡡
мɫÿ£ѰǹԼ
ʮ򡣡
ѰԴ˱־ڱصãҲЩ
䲻ݣζԷҧžۣòѼߵļ۸±ʧĿһʲСĿ

泹ŭˣɱڣٱۡ
Ҳٱۡ
ʮѾռ羧ֵ
˴ξۣϵ޵ߣע⵽ѰĴڣֻȴ֪
ҲҿУĻѰ֪Ҫ˶ϡ
νƲ¶ף޵УɲȱһЩĺˡ
ϣֵɡ
ռ羧Ѱһûż
ӣ㲻̫ˣ
̲ס֮ǰҲѰһδα۸ŵһľ
ǵϵϵᣬҵۺ񣬿ʮȥһԲıǶϲܵġ
Ѱȴһɺļơ
û˿׬ռ羧ȱɾûǰˡ
Ѱ˵һ䣬㳤𣬡߰ɡ
ߣ
һӣһδ֪֮صġϡûھҪߣ
һδ֪Ķѣֵ˷ʱ䡣
Ѱοʱ뿪Ųŵ߳ⶫʱͻᱻ˶ϣ
¶ʱȻ
ϣ±һ£Ƿ㹻ʵסһˡ
ǿУᣬĻ֮󣬾ᷢһЩɱ˶ᱦ顣
Ѱ鷳Ҳ鷳ţʱǰ뿪ǵľ
ûٵ飬˾ֱ뿪ҡ


1860 ɱ¾
棬̽ˣһһһŮ˿Ѿ뿪
һӴҴ
üͷһ壬ɱڣһԹŮǴǾ뿪ŶûУ
棬ʦֵܶڰжǡ
ӷɿ
ãҲȥ
һϣת뿪ҡ
ͬʱ
һЩУ½дӵϢ
ϣҪҪ
ʦһһŮģİ޷
οв˶һһŮǷҲϣ

գЩеĴＸԼͬƵľϡ
ǣһǵĵϸ£
У֣޵߶ûע⵽Ѱͽµ뿪Ҳ˳˰ӿĺ
̨ϣ֪Ϣ֥һ̾ҪˣֻϣһһŮܰȻ뿪ɡ
֥ٶ룬ʮ
⡣
һ߳Ѱ˲ͲУһĿڰԼ
ͬʱԶͬ޵߸ԼĲ߳
ӣв˶ǡ
µвײɱһš
̵ߣɱˣͬҲһλʥʮľ콾
ɴͬУҲǶ۷εĴڡ
ţ߰ɡ
ѰɫֳԶŷȥ
һ·ϣͽ²δȫжȻûвжҵһĿƵġ
Ů߳˶ŷȥҪ뿪
壬Ϣһʱ䴫ϼˮ֪
ӣǷҪж
ˮæʾϡ
ϻߣ
󲽳ȥһڵϺͺĵͥǿ׷档
ѵȴ죬Ȳ
ˮҲҵټдһж
һʱ䣬ٰڣӿ
ºС
٪ӰƾոǺɫǰͷС㣬ոմϢŮ齫Ҫ뿪ٰǡ
ŶɫУһص
¥Ϣ˵˴Ҫ뿪ǻգ֪кĵͥ˿һˣԼϼˮڵһڸ߲
٪߷ɿˣݾһЩǿߣҲڰжˡ
ˮϿһжǿ⣬ݾЩô£
ɫУӤѩ׵һɫìڲì⡣
ϱЩۣ½ѳĸ߼˲鷳
٪ʵشûֳȴϷ龹ָơ
ԭˣף޷ǡΪΪʳ
Ӥдżڽӡ
֮£ˣبͷţżʡ
ɫſӤһϮȹһѪɡӰ翵һĨ߳
ԶȻҪˣǰλһ

⣬ԶããȺɽɢçİԭʼϢ
Ѱͽһ·δʲô˳߳˳š
ԶһŴ
Ĵ󣬱鲼ݾڵÿһУÿһʱῪһΡ
ÿοɴϰλ޵߽Ųƣֻʹôķü֮
ٶҪʮ
ҪǰһЩңԶĳУҪжŲƣǻѵĵĿ޷ˡ
ʶһ£޽飬û˭ѡԹŴС
ֻǺһǡ
ĳ⣬ûյֺԵú䡣
һŴǱӡ˿أҲܹ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҫ⡰̡ģÿһеĵһС
ٰǣ̾ϼҡ
ĿһĻѰ΢̣ϼҵƺҲ˽Һܺ棬ǾҪͼıʲôΪζҡ
Ҳɻ
ǽǵڣɴӲϼҡ
λ
Ȼŷ򣬳һȺӰΪ׵һӢΰӣɢ˵Ϣ
£
Ѱ˼
ҵݷħۣҪλǰ͡
ӢΰĿ
׷ǹʣΪҪȥͣ
Ѱ̲סЦˣɡֱ̫š
ӢΰӳѣӦҲע⵽һ·вѶǣҵҲǲԸѣŻǰͣˡܻΪġ
Ѱ䵭һȰĵ̰ԹԵشǰʧǶ֪Լôġ
Ӣΰһɫѿ
ѰûǣͽһƮȻԶȥ
ѣǾƲԳԷˣ
ӢΰӴȡ
»ȻתָһһĿƥĽն
䣡
ձ飬ƥĽ£Ӣΰӵǰ俪һɲľ޴蹵̳ɢ
Ӣΰӵֽű䣬ɫɷס
ղǶӦ
һϣҲȥֵ
һ뵽⣬ǻƲסض
ʱתಽظѰӰǸԼӰЩУѳصɫʡ
У֪ڰвһĻɫ䣬ʶһһŮɲƲ磡
һȺЩɫܹԸģǲòͷˡ
һЦ𣬿һ˳֣ƺƴ
ʮ֮ڣнǾʥʮˣ׼۾Ҳ
ϼˮҲһԲʥɴʱȫһΨհģ
һĻЩӶиһЩǿߣԾӲ
ÿֲƣ
׷
Щˣзű̹ǵĺ⣬Ҫ಻סڵɱ
¡
Ƭ𵴣һŲգͼϼתݹ꣬漫𺳡
죬˭ǳɱ٣
Щ׷Ѱ޵߽ɵۣ塣
ٰǣֻݾһɿڳУѰʱ򣬸ͼôֲ
ǣлλ׼
Ķǳô鷳
ҲˣһȺŮע⵽˿һ˵жɫ粻
棬ûˡ
һӼѵ̿ˮŵˡ
Ҳ
ȥ
һҧ˵ˮ㣬ҲҪôɱģ
˵ţӰһƿնȥ
ͬʱŸҲһЩո˵Ĵһɫ׷ȥ

һİ֣ݾڣû˵ôһˡ
ȴΪĳ֣˾˵һ׷ɱ˶ʶǲ򵥣
ˡ
ͬʱھٰǼԶããȺɽУһɽ֮ۡ
Ѱͽ²Ʈҷƺ翣ӳĵƵġ


1861 ǧӰ
Ұããɽ͡
һҷ½ӳֳϡˮ˵Ӱʮˣƺƴ
һȺʥԼλ׼һɢϢεȿ£
¡
ⷽضľʯٻҡ
ԭ㡣
ʱѰ¶Ȼ֮ɫˣϴη罣֮һ󡣡
һᵽ罣ۣÿоǺ⣺ûз罣۱ӻʲô
ˮһϴɫòȻ
֮ǰǿɸ֪ҪɱĿ꣬󾹻վһλ۾
ǣˣԸ׼ۡ
Ѱɿ촫
зǿ׼ۣҲֹһʵ̫⣬еޱȼ֡
ҲرɱסǰȻ
´
ϼѵĥʯѣòײĿܴ
Ѱâսӿ
ĥʯ֣ЩһμѰʱҲԣѰΪĥʯֻȴˡ
֣
ϱȡ
ٷϻˡ
ಣ
ڿӰȳ
һ̤Ž뷢ҰףģӣĿ罣һĳ
һһֳɫֱ޵Ůӣǰ͹̣ˣϢȴŰɱ磬˵
ǰп󣬺欣׼۾ǿߡ
ϣ
Žӳ糤磬пգնѰ
һ֣չֳ֮һƬظǣããӿִѩ׷ɣ
ͬʱһ
ž
ɳĸֱ𣬲ӲӴĿܻصķɱ¡
ԶԶһ趯սޣҪǬ򱬡
ԶԶܿζֵλ׼ۣЩֻġ
͸ѰɺԷܹڷҡһ֮ɱЩĵͥǿߣսעͬСɡ
ˮ˽԰һǶ־ͺã벻˶һվһ۾ǿߡ
ৣ
ڵһʱ䣬ѰҲˡ
ȫð޹⡢ѰޱȵĶٿȻӳӭɱĵֵ
ƾһȭһɱµĸֱޡ

Ƕк͵棬ײĽֲϢɢɽȻ
飡
ţѰȭ͸ֱӲһ˲䣬ѰӰ͵һΣ类׻
ͬȴֱ޵ɱ
ţ
¶һ˿֮ɫ
һʥס˵ĳ֣
ϡˮǿһĻҲһһﾹôͣ
ϣ
¼һѩ׵ô˻ᣬٿȻɱϵˡ
Ӱλãսֶ⺷һŮɰ㣬㣬
һ֣ʩչǿֶΡ
ͼؼ䣬ٿһƺ޳ǣƶˣԡǻԣ¥֮ͨɢãã׹⡣
Լ䣬һðΰӰ¥֮ϣ죡
򡪡
׵۳ǣ
ߣ
׼¶һ˿ãλ׼ڳ޷ԸСҲ̫ˡ
ɲ֣ѰƿɱĶҡ
䣡
һӿ֣ƽ֯תֳѹļ֮ơ
ͬʱ磬նһĿ
һϵжͬһʱ䷢˲ȼһս
ϵ˹˲ùսҲԥ֣Ϊɱһ嫰׵۳ǣɱУ
¡
ƬɽӶҽعѣбʢԺͺĵ⡣
ԶԶһڼսֳ𡢶ĺ˾
һЩڰ׷Ĵǣȣڴ˿̶ݣΪ֮Ͳҿ
ǵĿ񣬸ǱѰλ׼۵ս
Ҳû뵽˴ϵﾹһز¶ľ۴ʥ
ңһԶλ׼Ӳ
̫ˣȫ߸ǵ֪

к͵Ͻ棬ײ𵴾ʮأնըϢˡ
Ѱȭ欵ɫֱ޶Կ򷢳羪׵ĺҰɫԺɫȭ쫷Ű
ʱѰɫ桢ƽһԨĺȼŵľս⡣
õľ壬ǾŶԪһն
תں˶սʥ㼫©֮ŭȵȰ塣
һľʹȫͷš
ȻԣһΣλ׼Ϊĥʯ
ս
嶼⣬Ͷ㣬ʮ
û֪ڴؾУڳΪʥĵ죬ƴնɱ˴һͳ诽һ׼۴޸
ʱȫһֱѹƵ״̬ϱ͸ˣҲƾʩչš֮ͨյؽԷɱ
Ϊ˸Ĵۣ˴;ƿݡ
ѰѺ͵һ
Ϊֻһ̤ʥڣƿ˵֮ĳΰأֲĪ⡣
ͬʱҡϰµĳ͸ֹľ塢塣
ͬԵ֪֮Ҳ̣ﵽһԶѰĵز
ڷҡϺͽ¡ڤ˶Ծûжȫ£㽫һһ
׼۾ڣ׼ۣѰҲη塣
ս
ͷţûжô¯޾ɾǵƣǿĲ
ԶԶսˣѱ𺳵ڣһʥܹӵе
ֱҪ죡
ͬʱҲ޷ƽɫֱ䡣
׼ۣʥ֮ϣƿصĴ޽ӽ۾ӵеսȻҲĿֲ
Ѱȴڣʥϣɱ֮ɱ¾ǶԸʥҲ׾ٵĨ
ڣһ֣ȴԸһʥһһסˣңʼջȻ·磡
ðĹ
𵴡
磬Ϊǿյһ磬Ľɫǲʤö
Կûĸʥܹ㣬羳λ׼ɱ
ӣѵʥǰʮĽɫս˵죿
ͬʱҲ޷ƽ
ʵǣѰչֳսܵ߸˵֪ǹеԵ̫˼
֣ˡ
ɱڣ󣬻վһλҡۣɱˣԺע鷳ϡ
ңչֳսһͻƾʥ׼˭֣
ʱֻе۾֣ܽѹˣ
𣡡
һѧһڵһûǧӰ
һǧ
ɭɭӰܼ֣ǵأÿһӰ񱩡ӿĽⷨ
ԶԶһɭ޽䣡
Ƭأ밧ɲĽ⡢û
ֻǰʹ񶼱壬ʶаããһƬٿս
һƣ춯أ


1862 ׼
ͬʱ
ںͿϵ˼սĽ£ҲһܵȵΣϢ
ʶУ׽˿һϢ
һ䡣
ɴʱȥһˣԽ׵۳ǶսʮλʥѾǼޣеޱȳ
·ͻȻż͵Ҳͽ͡
ϵԭɫѿ
һŮǣסˣǽԸеľͬʱָе޹⡣
ɴʱһ¶Ϣǽһ𺳡
ÿµһ
׼ʥ֮ϣִƽڵ۾Ŀֲ֮
Ҳɿ
ϳǿɱﵣǧӰһΪĥǧ꣬Խ
ֻһ֮±â
ڴ˽֮£Ҳֵˡ
Ժиðͷ
һն¡
䣡
ǧӰ¡¡죬ǧλɭ֮ƣɱ¡
أããĿޱߡ
Բǧɽӣһ̽Ϣػмĩ̳ڱ
Ѱڴʱ򲻱ϲΨһ
ϣ
ơ޹ĶУڴ˿ѣٿȻɢһĨ貵Ĺ⣬һš
Ԫһն
ֻȴһ̣һ
һƲۣȴ൱Ѱսںϡ
ҲǶڼȡԴɱ󣬵һαѰͷ
ͼ
ӳ˸á
ܼ֮ǵĴǧϢػ顢
Щ̫ۣޱȳʢ
ڶһն֮£ȴ
˵ʵһнһɲͷ˸Ϳ

춯صײУһڵݺɳȥ
һܷɣɫȻһ䡣
ǧӰɱﵣ׼۾ĥǧľѧ
ڣǱһеľʥƿˣ
ܣ
˱ʣÿ⧲ľһ˿ҡ
ʱѱӶ
޷
һĨԾµĹ⣬˺ҹڰɢϢڡ
ۣ
âһΪһ׼ۣµķεǿ󣬿һ˲ֽ㣬ƿ

ת˲ƶǣ
ƥɱϢɽкԴݿ֮Ƴ壬ղ׼֮ѻٻļ
Ѫˮɽ
һ󾪺û뵽׼۵ɱﵣӲбݻ١
û뵽ɱ٣
䣡
欵һӦӶɫֱޣٿȻѰ󣬰Եƥĸֱ޺ݺ¡
ƴɽ
Ѱܣֱ룬һ˲ɱ˴Ŀǰȭɱ
ƻ壬ѰһȭֱŶۣƽһУӵǬļơ
ܡ
һж̫ˣս飬ܣֻӲ
䣡
춯صײУͼ󱾾ͱƿ峹ըɲȭսĶһϣλ׼۱ɱ
ǵѪһĻģ
ͬʱѰϱӲӵĸֱУ𣬼Ƕѡ
飡
ӰķɳȥſڿѪɫǲ԰ס
ؼʱ̣ӳŵס籩׷ɱ
һϵоת˲ȻĻ
һλ׼ۣѱɱѪһĻڳ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
⡭
Ŀɿڴֻ̹Ǳ䣬ס
λ׼ۼлأ׺ػɱһλ׼ۣ˼ǣŲʥ
ĥʯһ顭
ԭŵģһҲǱһɼȵû
һɱ׼ۣ
£мܰ쵽
ϡˮͷҲһ㡣
ۣ
ѪܵͷأһĨ貴׵Ľնɱ
ֵȻǽ£ô˻ᣬȫɱˣټ׵۳ǽУХŵȫλεĽ
ɱ
ŭˮҲʶ̬أ߾ȫ
ԶѰɱ
һӰ貣Ŷ֮һ˸ߣɢ֮â
һӶֱޣָأӲӵıӰֳ㷨糱ˮй
ֻǣ˿Ǿŭӣü価ء
֮սȫȴʩչɱʱԷһɵ
ѪȵһĻҲзëŵˡ
ԳΪ׼֮ͷһһʥǰܵһֳǰΣպͺ⡣
ʱѰһƣȫ
Ǳ֣ϲܻḺˣΪݣѰҲֻܽ͡
γƶ飬뷨ʢɫգˡ
䣡
һʱ䣬ط޹⡣

͵سǰŲ̤վŲÿһ£оʹһɫ硣
ھŲ̤ŵ紹䣬ΪһӲӵĴʮһҶһǬ
ʮƷ磡
欵ľѧ֮򣬻Ϊһ磬ʮأÿһؽ̲ͬɱ
е欣˿̾һףʮ磬
׼ۣΪ֮ȣƿصĴҲʥ֮ϣʮƷ磬ɵ֮ɱɣ
ʶѿʼƴѰҲһһĨȻ
ˣ
ֳһ֮ΣԨ¯ɫΪ࣬ͷ֮
⻹Ѱһľʩչ֮Σ䲻һԿĪ⡣
ɲǼ䣬ⷽӳֳһۡ
ʮ֮磬ӳϼתеħ֮ת
ɵѰĵ֮θ֣һƥԵŰ籩Է֮֮ƣһһ硣
ϼɢȻֹħӴܣΪ֮߸
Ѱǵ֮򣬾֮ԴӶŤת٣
¡
Ѹ޷ݴ˿̵Ĺ⾰ͼؼ䶯һƬãã鶼ơ
һ棬üԶٰǶֲڳе޵߻һо𱬷Ƶģɫһ䡣
Ҳʵ֮ƾԶԶӦһսĶҲȻ
׼۾֮Ŀս
ϧ̫ңԶͿҲȻ֪Ⲣ׼֮һƾ׵Ŀ羳֮
̳ɢ
ɽӣǻһƬ꣬ݺᣬݽߣǻ֮
ۣ
УѰѪɫ԰ףһϮѣͷɢЩǱ
ɲȿϵ˰ɿǻһĻ֡
ͼѰ棬Ƶ׼欣ȴһ˲ʧȥ
˻Ļҽ
һ紵Щҽɢ
ȫţѻȸ
һλ׼ۣһֿµķʽ֮ǰ˭Ҳ޷ġ
ǵȹ龰Ҳ̫ˣ
ٵָ䣡


1863 Ӥ
׼۾ڣĥǧӰǧ꣬ȴѰԶƿȭɱ屬飬ж
ʱͬ󳾣
ʮ磬εǿ
ȴԼһ֮£ᣬҽƮ
ɱģͬǾʥѰ
һɲš
ڼսĽºͿϵˣ뱻壬ͣж
ֻǣдڵϲɫϵһ׻ģɥ
λ׼ۣһ֣ܺɨһоʥ
ڣϺȴ½Ѱһ˻ɱһӲ֮У˭𺧣
ڰйսȴɵۣøεѣֲ
һ뵽֮ǰڶϵﾹһˣǾһ¡
Ϊʲôˣ
УѰ飬ֱ罣ѪգɫҲΪ԰ףȴȺ׵ơ
ϣ
Цˣһ֡
ߣ
ֻǣѳĺе־壬ĻսȥԥѡӶݡ
ЩϼҵĴŵɪɪ϶˲ϣӵһһ졣
ˣԺվһ鷳
̾УѰӰ˸ٿȻʧ
һ̣ѳڿǰ
ҪɱңԸһ⳥
ϼС
ۣ
δ£˾ͱ룬϶д㵺Ϳ־壬š
޵ԵϴѪݰĵͥߵƳء
Ͼ˸ͲЩݣ˵ɱɱһ㶼
Ѱٶȼ죬Ҳùעһˣ֮ץסһʱ䣬ɱеˡ
ۡ
ʱУһһǿбУпߵǿߣҲϼҵĴ
˭ԱѰɱ
սӲ֮ɱ׼ۣοЩ֮ͬˣ
ȫɱ˺֮ɱ
±ϳ֣һ·ϾǸ岻֡
еˣֱð亹æ֮ززΨֱѰ׷ɱ
ʵϣѰ˿ҲûЩ㡣
Ƭ̺
Ρ뷱ٰǰϼҼˮȫŲƣۼҪС
ৣ
һĨгǰʱֹͣŲƱػײȥ롣
ѣϼֻǷ£͵ΪУһ棬һ·
ˮɫɷףתڣǰ֮ɫ
ѣǷһ棿
Ѱʡ
ˮһԶ׼񶨶Ե̫ˡ
ۣ
һ̣ѰѶ֣һնˮٰǰ
Ѱתȥ
죡
ϼҼɱˣ
ٰǱǶɿڳУѪȵһĻ޵߿
һʱ䣬Ȼϡ
ûãϢʹٰǣһȻ󲨡
ˮǺͺĵͥǿһжģնɱڳ⣬ζţЩĵͥǿҲˣ
𺧣
ʱ򣬾ע⵽ϴˮһڵɱ⡣
ڣѪ飬˸档
˭˿£
ҲĺˮһԲʥݾҲƵһź绽Ĵ
ȴԼϳǰɱˣ
Щ׷ȥĴǷʱ˸Ϣ
նλ׼ۣɱϵˣϼһڴ
һʥˣȴп羳ɱ֮
ڶ֡

һϢ籩ϯٰϿգҲ֮ȫǺ䶯첨

ڴһδ֪֮صϣΪѹıһ֡
ֻǣ֥ôǣúýһѹ֮ʱȴһ궯
ʲôϼҼˣ
¾кĵͥǿ߲
Ҳ̫ײˡ
Уͻң𾪵𣬽Ƕѹ֮ڴҲ嵭
֥׹ԭҪѵһһŮɳһ춯صĴ£
Ц
ѹ֮Ŀڡȴȫˡ

⣬ããȺɽС
Ѱͽ»ۣûƵģȥǰݡ
һӣۣŽһƿնȥ
ӣ֮ǰѼսƷ
ϣ½һָݸѰɫһַĵء
ڷҡʱѰʱЩ޷Ѱ̡
ڣһѵ֪
ھʥվһĸ߶ȣ
Ѱ˽̬ϵı仯Ҳû˵ʼǴָ
˴λɱһˣõսƷ񣬸ġҩʯʥյºе㣬Ҳֵܵһǧϵĵ
ͽ޺Ʋҹݲʣ
ЩսƷ֮󣬷һ롣
Ѱڵ
һˮзһ˿ɫӣֻߵ̵ߣܷսƷ
ѰЦʲô̵ߣսսƷԵƽ֣ҡţĳ˵Ĺء
˵һʱ˵ĳ֡
Īһеһ˿˵ϲã⡭ѵͽͬУ
ţ
ѰȻ߳ա
һ̣ҲͣգΪԶĵطһѪɡһϮȹŮˡ
Уƺ翣Ʈ裬ĿѪĺɡеü֮졣
ӣĪ֡
Ӥڣ翡
Ӥ£
Ѱ΢Уոλ׼۴սһļ˵Ҹ
ɢϢӤͻأѰҲò
ŮʱѰҪԶԿλ׼ʱ棡
СŮӽ˻ᣬ͹һʽס
ӤƿѰֱ˵⡣
Ըꡣ
ѰȤ
֪Ƿ˵Ѱˣ
Ӥ
һ˲ѰӤһĿԼϣҪ۲ԼӦ
ɫⲻǿյһͨ𣬵Ȼ˵
ӤһĬ죬ԺлˣիӤ֮ʱһһ׮һ顣
ѰŶһʵѰʧ꣬ΪӤȴΪĳܹ
Ӥֱ
Ѱǲײس鴤һ£ЦҡͷˣҴӦǡ
лӳȫ
Ӥ˵ţóһ͸ӨϸͭͭУһͼƾҵңܰɴ£ͬҲһ޷ܾı𡣡
޷ܾ
ѰЦζ
Ӥ벻ţĿԴֺη
ѰʹͷãҲһֱ
ˣ
ӤһָһϸͭӳյݸѰ
ӣҺڴ´
Ӥ˵ţתȥһϮȹƺƮ裬ͷѪɡ绪ǣڱ⣬Ҳڡ



1864 ֮
ĿӤһĨƥӰʧããƺѰջĿ⡣
һͭʵЩ޷ƽ
Ůˡ
ƺԼϲʲô
ΪλƫƫԼ̸ѰһԼйص飿

ʶ̽ͭ
һ˲䣬һصĵͼӿԺϻƵ·߼֮ӣռĿĵأעһ
֮أ
Ѱ߽ͭգ£˵֮ء
ü˼죬ҡͷһͷһ˵
Ѱһٶ¡
ԺлᣬԻȥ⡰֮ءһ
ҲΪ棬ӤԼһһ顣
ǡ޷ܾıѰ⡣
Ӥ̬ȣʶ֮طȴԼӦòɱ١
£֮ºҽҪˣһ·ǻ̫ܲƽ
Ѱ˵
һЦóһƵɫߣḲϣʱ䣬˵ʡģ֮仯
˵֮ǰһ㣬ɼǵľˣ˿̵һֹСұ֮üɡ
Ѱһʶȫ޷ƽϵαװ
Ҽĺѣħͥǧۡı࡯
½͵ǧǰ˵ܹαװģֻˣһǵ۾һƿơͨ츳ǿߡ
ѰŻȻ
ֻ࣬־֪Ƶıε
Ѱ룬Ҳҡһ䣬Իȡľ壬ϢҲ֮仯
ֳʯȻɽϡ
۾¶ɫΪѰĳױһˣϢϡģȫһˡ
֮ġࡱ
ͬʱһ󵨵ͷԺ
֮ǰǷҲαװģ
ˣ˭
ڷҡʱ¾лɡ
Ϊֻ֪Ϲŵ壬ǿ󣬿ȴƫһ硣
Եϣƾյս£֪
ƫƫأʥϣûг֣ͬλ޿󣬶֪
ڣĿѰı仯ֶΣܲģ
ʶȤûѯʡ
ʵѰôҲΪ֮
ԺֻҪ°Լߣ϶ᷢԽԽ˿
ԴˣѰ̸ʲôɻ䡣
ѰҲû˵һ㣬ʵһֱȥȻá
һ˼⣬˵Ժ󣬾ͽҽһɡ
һ֣ߣ֮ڣһԢ飬һ޶֮
̾
̫Ű׵ۺᣬս죬šѪΪѰԽΪգ
Ѱǳ鴤
ϸǸɧ֪һλӻжӣǵɪԲɡ
£Ҫչһʱ䡣
Ѱ
һҪ޸ľƣҪôʱ䣬ռ羧
ͬʱһĿ꣬ڵִݡǰΪͻʥڣȻõġ
ãΪӻ
µͷ

Ѱǳۣݳʱ䶯ٰǵ飬Ҳ糤˳㣬ݾɢ
ϵȺĵͥǿߵԼһڴıһ籩Ӱ켫֮
֪Ϊʮ֮һӵУһ硣
ôû˵ݾĸǿ߸ȥɱͥĴˣ
ͬעĿչֳսһԶ£ܺһ󾳽磬ɱλ׼ۣԵ̫˼顣
˸еԻǣǿչŵġʥϣûһˣ
ˮ˵ĶԽС
Ͼֻٰݾ֮һϼٰǵһɷݾڣȴԵòˡ
ʱ䣬ݾڣȫ֪˺ĵͥ˱ɱϢ
֣һƥɱĺݣעĿ⡣
ܿ죬͵ϸ
ԴϹŵϣǳҡǿգִ硭
ڷҡһ飬һһ˳
ЩϢҲ޷Ͼһҡִ޵ߣ֪Щ顣
Ϣһݾ޵ߵóһƵĽۡ
һز¶õϷҡ۱ӣΪһ̵ŮӣͿϵȺĵͥǿ߽𡭡
Уš
磬زؽڤһ֣Ϊˣ֮졣
磬ԭ罣Ҳѹģȴ֪ΪʲôԵʣ̬Ȳת
֮ݾڣѰ׳ˡ
زؽ綢ϣעҪ׷ɱ
ƶϡ
ңɱ˺ĵͥˣз罣Ϊɽ¶ס
Ĺ۵㣬õ˲ͬ
һʱ䣬ݾڷӿ
ЩϢݾڴĿģչֳս
һ󾳽磬Ծʥݣɱλ׼ۣںжټ
˭ܲע
˵Ϣ֮ͥһƵͥʱһЩϹע⣡
Ͼǡǿʥ񡱡ǿմʥ񡱡ʥ񡱡ɶƵͥ
һûڡʥϣƵͥԣȻͳһֵע
ʵ̫ˣ֣ľ޵߶ԣİ
ϸԣѰҲֻݾڡ

Щ粨Ӱ죬ѰȻ֪
ͽһǰıݣ¾·;ϱ޵߼Ҳϳ
ʱš
ʮѰͽµĺۣǧɽˮн뿪ݵؽ硣
һ·ƽ˾
Ҳһ죬Ѱռ羧Կռ䷨ƿأһأ
ĴָСĿռ羧ʵ䲻򵥣絮֮Ŀռ䱾Դ
ټڷҡϵİʱУѰһֱĥͲ֮ռ羧һӣԿռ䷨ƿز˺ɱ䡣
ÿһ磬תŲһĿռ䷨
ͺɴĿռ䷨ȫһ
ֻҪܹƿؿռ䷨أȥĸ磬Կˮʩչͨ
ռŲơС⡢ߡ
ĵıڣƿؿռ䷨򣬶ԡ֮򡱵۽Ҫã
ʱѰԿռ䷨ġ֮򡱲ȫ֪ȻһǿҵԤС
Լһġ֮򡱵ӣѾԶˣ


1865 ƾ
һʱ䣬Ѱͽ²δż·һ·ããɽ֮䡣
߳ǳ֮С
ȫһķ̬
缫嫣ÿһݾԸԼķòǧ˰̬½롣
ڡڤݡʱһ֮򣬱ݶҪ޵ߴǡڤޡ
Դ꣬þ֮
ڤҲڤ硱ĵطֲеĳУԳֳһֹɭɭľ
׷УطȷʵˣЩ޵߼ıԼĹֳɷִ
ҲǵִڤݣѰ֪һݾڣһɭڤءδ֪֮أǵ۾УҲǾһ
УبǰڤݵһͳȪڡɴСڤǴδ֪֮ءɭڤء
۴٣ɭڤȷʵһδ֪֮أɰ˴֮һ
ڡݡʱһ
һƬݾڣһ޴ޱȵĹ֣һЩж޽ڹ
ţܾǰλͨＤսڴˣּ䣬նǳ
Щǳʯڴϣγһ޴ޱȵĹ֡
˼ǣЩǳʯУ̺ŸǧٹֵϺͿʯ֪޵ǰ̽Ѱ
ҲˣֱݡʢģҲӿֳһܳʦ

֮ܶݡڤݡݡÿһݾԺ嫹֮ŸԵķò
Ѱͽһ·ߣҲǴ۽磬Ժ֪Ҳ
·;УҲǻӽϡŹֵز
ʢڤݵġϬľżľУ޵ֻҪֳһԶط߶ʱںεأңԶԿԲһɶϵӦԷĴڡ
硰׻顱ҪκһطǰԿʱʱ̹̿۲⵽طһĻĻ顣
ʱܹġ¥
ʢݵġ񾫡һֵеС飬СͨѩףһСƵֱۣԱ¸ʱ
˹Ϭľż׻顢񾫡һЩϡ⡣
԰ʦƿػ¶ȵġ𾫡
ܹûΣ޵߳ξ̬ġ
̫ˣʤ
޵ߵ磬ɱ¾УҲ˸Ʒ漰ķ档
Ҳͷ׶ʣ費Ի͡
Щϡļֵ䰺һ·ϹЩѰϵĵˮ㻩ӿȥ
һƷϬľżֵʮһ顰ļ۸ףһپʮһ򲻵

һ·֪䣬ʱȥ
һ죬ѰͽµִѩݡһСǧĳͣ
ѩݣ˼壬һѩǵ磬ɽװعѩƮ
ǳǳؽĲϣӨ͸ۼ
ӣܹ򵽵ģйѩݵĵ伮
һջУ·ʱһ
ѰУһһġ
ÿִһطѼطĵ伮о˵صʷȵ֪ʶ
飬·
飬ȥհһЩʤżҲ˽Щż͵ʣԼ̲ص塣
ĻٶطҲֻۻ֣޷κΰ
ǿյһ磬ҲԴ֮ءܾܵ˽˽ĸϢѰԺУע𵽲ɹ档
νУҲˡ
أԼ
ʶеĴ֮ζ̬¸֮ʡ
ˣӡ֤Լڴ֮·ߵøԶ
еѰȵز޿ͬʱҪͻƾ磬Ҫһľ͸ɱ䣡
У
ʵĿģʵΪڵ;ߵøԶ
Ѱڷѩݵ伮ʱҲûţѾϰ˺ѰദȡһѸռġ˪ѩˮʼ衣

ĵĲ磬Ѱչһӹµݹһ裬һڣпò˵һʱ䣬ҹɵʱ⡣
Ц侭ࡱݣСұϣһ·顣
ҲΪпڵϷҡʱɸûһصķʽѰ硣
һҲȴ˸ַպ飬ľףؼ䣬£Ը֮飬ζ֮ˡ
߰ɡ
裬Ѱջȥ
µ˵ͷ׷ȥţȻһ
һ˲ע⵽ѰǰıӰһı仯ɢǰУɸĸоȴڣϣ
ǰţʶУȴ޷׽ͷӦʡĥȴڣ
ջ⣬⻬ɼֵ˴ϢëƵѩ׷
Ѱڱֵ߽ϣǰѰͲۣȫûκ˵ĵط
ͷ·ءһѰǣΡ
ӣƾˣ
·ϣû̲סʳ
Ѱһ䣬߷ѩУп龲ס
࣬һ·ϵУãڸղŵʱ򣬽ԻһƾΪ˳ƶϣʥڣ
ʼգȻûпǿȫȻȻ
ͷ·豭еˮ˵ʱȻ
ƸǰУʵڵľȫڲһ־˵ɱ䡣
ֻǽ£ǽֵϵˣ޷ŵ־ͻʱ׳ۡ
ˣýĪ
񣬼֪ƾʱľҲڵ伮мƾʱ
ΨͷһμϢ֮䣬ȻȻƾ֮ģ
̫Ѱ̫ȻΣ˵ĸоһ˵𺳳
һʱ䣬жһЩһʱľľҲӿֳͷ
գԶѰıӰѧ׷ɵķֵϣЦˡ
ԼһЩʲô˵
Լ񡭡Ҳƾء
ֱ߳⣬ѰȻ㣬ƣѾǰݡ
Ȼû
ⲻԶһ͹ͨݾڡ
ʱв޵߽龧С
Ѱͽһ𣬽һʲƵ龧󣬸Ҫ߽Ǵ͹
Ȼа㣬ѰŤͷԶš
ǰһһС̬ӣ뷢лӶһȡ
Сһ꣬ڷͫ㣬򣬹һĨƧĻȡ
ѰĿ⣬Щ⣬Цͷ´紺磬Сƾ


1866 ɽ
Ѱ΢УǵһԼƾǿߣ
ٿˣߵĽڣȻûע⵽һһٵĴڡ
ãЦЦûٶ˵ʲôֻ˻֡
ѰҲ˵ͷתͽһ߽͹
ˣ
͹󷢹⣬ѰǵӰٿȻʧ
һоտ׵ľţԽУҪȻȻƾϣûۺޱȵĻۣע޷쵽
ĿѰ뿪˵ȱģľ
ɫǸã磬Ϊ֮Щν콾ţ
絶Ϭˡ
ЦǾʹݿʼ
á
ͷ
ԡΪգԡΪ
е

ݡ
ʮ֮һ嫣ǳر鲼ؽ֮㣬ݵʮϣ
ݣߴͳѳݽߴͷΪ޵е޵ʥء
ڱߴͳ֮һе
ȣݵҪӴǿԭڣݾڣŲٹϵĵ̾ᣡ
ٰϼݾڣ㲻ϡ
ݣһǷһı׼УǷϵ׼۾
ߴͳѳһķ룬ɳһһۺ
´ǡ
ݾڵĳǳ֮һģеȣ˳֮أߴͳ֮һġĦ콣š
ʶ˳ҲǷ֮
´⡣
ˡ
ĺ͹У߳һȺ޵ߵӰ
Ѱͽ¾С
ָ䣬ѩǧǳݱ´ǰѰЩ㱡
Ǵ͹
ȴ͹󣬳һξҪʮҲ˭ȥá
ӣӦþǱ´ǣɴ˵ǰڣǵٶȣҲҪʱ䡣
·ɿ˵ǰ·ϣо·ߣԴġ
ȥ˳ǣѼһЩݵϢٳҲ١
Ѱ˵ţԶȥ
أԻĥ֮ǰһһ٣򵥣ߣһ۾ڣ
磬ǵõ͵һЩ·˵׼һĵ۾Ϲ
Ѱһп
ϢϢߴͳѾһº󣬽ݾڵġ۵֮ս
ʱɸѡֱʥʥʥУѡγʮǰޣμͥġ۵ʢᡯ
أ
ʲôЦʸμӣ
Ѱͽ¸һ߽´ǣֵϾһ󼤶ĴУһȻ
۵֮ս
Ѱһ
ûãô¡
ǰͥһҪ֮ٿһΡ۵ʢᡱͬμӡ
μҲм̵ġ
ݣںʮݣÿһ֮أֻʥʥʥʥиѡγʮ
ʥһ֮ڣҲֻʮܹ뵽۵ʢᡱ
ݵġ۵֮սΪ׼
Ͼݽ嫣ߴͳܹ۵ʢȴޡ
ǣߴͳٿһ۵֮սԴ޵
Ҵ˴뿪׵۳ǣ֮ǰ磬ҲΪ˲μһٰͥġ۵ʢᡯ
·ɿ˵зһ˿㽡
ѰطһڵִҲţҪڡ۵ʢᡱٺԼ档
ȻطͽһǰĿģΪ⡰۵ʢᡱ
Ǻ֮⣬޵Ҫ뵽۵ʢУô
Ѱ
кܶ෽ʽֱӵ;ںʮڣμɸݾٰġ۵ȡͨս
µͱݵ۵֮սֹߴͳĴ˿ԲμӣǿߣԿԲ롣
Ѱ׹˵Ҫμٰͥġ۵ʢᡯɲһĴ󡣡
һ룬ʮݣ󣬷ֲĵͳȺֺ֮ࡣ
ӵеġʥǿĿ֮࣬ȫ޷
ֻôһ㣬֪ʱǺεȵļҺͲпᡣ
ԺһЩҲעԭͼ֮ľøң
Ͼͥһٰ۵ʢᣬĿ˭ܲȥġ
˵⣬Ҳһ˿㽣ͨһ̭ɸѡܹ뵽۵ʢᡯǿߣעһ˲õľ
Ѱ룬ҲϿ۵㡣
ڽ£⡰۵ʢᡱ̸жȤòرܡ
û취ʵݣһͥǿ߷֣Ի벻Ĵ鷳
ˣʮݵأѵ޵ߣҪɸѡ
Ѱʵ
µݣǿڵۻ֮أ֮ͥʮսǿ̾УǵȵطͲؾٰ۵ȡ
Ϊٰ죬յҲᱻͥʮսЩĴϷ֡
˶٣ο۵ʢ᱾ͥǵĴ룬ǲܵƵġ
ѰЦԭˡ
޵߶ԣȻԵúܲƽҲʵ˭ͥӴأ
ʵƽ񣬸û⣬بֹٰͥһε۵ʢᣬ۵ʢǰʮģȫͥʮսЩĴˡ
˵ǡʥ񡯣ǰһľųɶЩ
һ⡣ѰЦ
ûˣʥϣеʮš
ЩȻӿɱЦˣսȴûгʥϣ׵顣
ѰȻ
һ񵥶ѣĿܽоһ򾡣
ܵģ
룬ڤطսӦöڽ¡
ʥϣͬûǵ֡
ϸԣһƵͥķİ񵥣ȻȨϵǿߣҲעһǾ
Ҫ֪ǿչŵεȺ׳ע಻ʥϵľ
ҡҡͷѰЩ顣
ɳϣڱ´Ƕİʱߵš۵ȡ顣
кߣߴͳһЩȫժѡгɻᣬһһеͷ
磬ݵһͳڡһ½ݾھʥĵһˣ
ҲǱΪϣ۵ȵһ֮һ
һЩݾӺľҲ飬Ѱ벻֪ѡ
ɴҲԿ˴۵Ӱε֮
ϧѰԴɲȤ
ڵ죬Ž뿪ֱǰ֮ء
ɽ


1867 񵺵ս
ɽ
λݼ֮أɽɽȺϼƣڣһһһĶ츣ء
֪Ǻ磬ؼĻϢŨޱȣܹ츣صģһ޵о
ߴͳ֮һڣ̾ڴɽС
º
ѰͽµӰɽǰ
ԶԶһƬΡɽѰҲһ˿𺳡
һظأ
ۿɼĻϢܻһ޴֮󣬴ɽ֮ϣƺڡ
һ˶ɣһܾܹ֮ӵС
ߣȥɽš
Ѱֱǰ
Ρϵɽǧ֮أͼһȺµ޵ߴɽг
ߺˣ
Ϊһɫȵĸߴʵ
˽һƽ̡
Ѱڵ
ֱ˵Ҫһӣ϶ᱻԷӺȥ
ϾڵĿʦڴѾ֪£һޱȵǷţ˵
Ҫƽ̣
ߴһ㶣а
ѰҡͷĳҪƽ̣鷳ͨһ
˵ţѰȭ֡
Ѱ̬ȿߴɫͲ٣ѣѰʱҵҲͨɽȴС
ΪΣ
Ѱü
ߴɫ粻Եɣ֮Ѽ£ߣѹһҲԡ
˵ţЩڴ˾Ҫɽš

ºȻڣҼҹӺݣɽˮȴ֮⣬δЩɣ
ߴüɫûаƾ֤ƽ˭ܼģذɣ
ֱ´
һףһŴĿ׹ӳǵϵġ׵Ƿʸһƽ̣
ߴһùһ׭̡ϡӵģӡһ׵۳ǡͼڡ
УһİԵϢ
ϣ
Ȼ岻ں磬˭֪ܲһǿ֮ϵȻ
ں磬ԺЩ̫ŵ岢
⡭
ߴԥЩڴҲɲ
ǵݣ˵ϣļ׵ݵĶر
Ǳϲ٣ȥͨƽ̣ƽ׵ϲǱ޻˵ˡ
ɫȻ
ãλԵȡ
ߴ˵ţҴҶȥ
ˣµӣɣ
ѰЦҡͷ
ͬʱһ£ݵŮ̲סǡǸòҲҪսǬʦֵİɣ
ѰһȻ֪Ǭյ꽪޿ԣ˱洫һˡ
ǣοɸûҼǬ
ǡѰҡͷ
ŮأԺɣüͷϣ˰ɡ
ٿڵɫüԴһĨ֮ȥǣء
Ѱɻѵգ˴ڣսǬ
ûãɽӳһΰӰһϮۣڷüӿؼ䣬âܡ
Ͷ֮ɢ׼۾ƣ
ʦ
ЩŮ빪
ʦӻ˻֣㽫ĿѰͽϡ
λԵϵĵѣ
ӿڣ񣬲ԡ
ǡ
µͷ
Ϸźƽǰӭλ
Ӻֵ
л
ѰҲ˹֡
˸롱ƣǰߴ·
Ѱͽ½
Ǿǵϵǿߣ˵ʼ̫Ű׵ۣ쵱һŴ죡
ЩˣοˣЩһ˵Ҫڴд裬ʵ߲ư
ǲ֪ǬʦܷסЩսˡ
ĿѰǽɽţЩڴ˽Գ̾ü

ɽţҰȻһ䡣
ͼȺɽꪣſնݰ裬Ϣÿһɽ壬ԡԣȻ
ڱкģŨ¶ƵȪˮУ̩ͨĿ
϶ΪλԵϵĹĽһɽ
ɴʱʵûʲô顣
ðһ䣬λǰкҪƽ̣
·ϣ̲ס
ֻǺİݷã˼
ѰҲڵЩԾ
Ŷһһ˵ʵڣһЩ飬չ˲֮λൣ
׼ۣҲҵԵϵĹ͡
ǡ׵
Ѱ˵ͷ˵ѣǿԣܷһνġ顯
룬̾ˣǿ϶Ҳǰ˵һҲ޷
ԭճʱߴͳ֮һġ񵺡ɳһȺĴˣǰڰݼ
˵ǰݼʵд۵ġ
ԭͳ֮Ĵ֮䣬һЩдսǺ顣
ɹؼڣ߲ƣ
ݵͳееġ
Ҳ˵ϣһֱѹ档
˴Щ񵺵ĴǰҪսĻᣬݺݴһڴˡԴ֤һУȾ֮ϡ
⿴һĸߵ֮ʵǣͳ⣬ĸҵ
ңպ˵οбɳĴһһǿ
֮ǰû뵽ġ
񵺵ĴˣЩǼһɴ˴ǰսģȴİףû˵ʲôʱЩˣһսǿ˳Ծ
üͷɫ両
ˣѰ׹ֲԼǰݼ֮⣬ԭ鷳¡
һ·ϣѰҲ˽⵽ڵĴˣšš洫ִˡ
Уŵ࣬ǳΪͽ
ŵʥΪ
Ψ̤۴ʥʸ¼Ϊ洫ӡ
ĴˣǾʥ
ĵӵĿԶҲٵģߴͳ֮һҲֻʮλĴˡ
ɼˣѰһԾ
ʥεǿ
ɸڣȴֻǺĴ˵Ľɫ
ˣָ̺ͥúεǿ
⣬ֻкܹӵеľҲǿչŵһ磡
̸ʱһɽ֮ۡ
һ޴ƽ̨ƺ翣ʱӰֲƽ̨ϡ
һڵ޵ߣΪ׵һŵۣͷڣӰ꣬ڱ̬ϡ
ߣǹ°ӵһڴЩߣӵഫˡ
Ǳƽ̣
ԶԶأĿ⿴ۣͷڵ꣬͸ŷĵء


1868 ս
ƽ̣šʵɲ⣬ݾҲһλλȻĴ
ͬʱۣͷڵĺҲע⵽Ѱ£΢΢ס
ȥɡ
˵ţǰ
ͬʱһڴԼഫˣĿԿ
ɻ䵭Ҳк档
˵ǵǰݷõĹͣ
һǰ
ѰɫȻǰ
ս𣿡
һ
ս졣
ԱߵĽѿڡ
ŶһλǰԭԵ¡дֻǽ⣬ֻίλڴ˵Ⱥһ
ǰؿ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ѿɽ۾޴ƽ̨룬һսڼݡ
ս˫һڴˣ£ٷ磬ʥΪƿһɫƵĵ
ĶһŮӣУˣһֵĻɫС
ǣŮֻǾʥڵΪսʱȴռϷ磡
ԭڣܹ仯ʱһűֽƵģʱһƻʱһ飬ʱٿȻ󡭡
С⣬öˣ
һߴذף޹⣬Ӷʱȴ˺գ͵ļХ
䣬ڴϾͶһѪܵ˿ڣǱˣɼǣѪˮȾ졣
ԪïʦҲǶ𣿡
˿ɬ
ڴһҲɫ
ɽƽ̨棬򱬷һ󻶺
Ѱע⵽һȺӰŮԴͬɫ
Ϊ׵һɷǣߣӤ⻬һտȻա
ЩԿ񵺵ǿߡ
ΪɰߣšԪӡǿ񵺵һλλߡ
˿̣ź룬ЦϵܣڶԾҪˡ
쳹ɽۣƺ顣
һʱ䣬ǿߵɫѿ˶ŭ߬ȭͷ
Ҫ֤ԪӵĻսУһ죬һɫĵŮذɡ
ذ׷âһ
ۣ
ǱԪïʦ֡꣬Ŷ϶˺ѿһѪܵ˿ڡ
ͱƶǣ
ۼŮӳƶ룬ɱƽ̺ȳס֣һս䡣
ৣ
ŮӰٿȻס̧ͷˣϸֳһĨŪ֮ɫ
ĵҲʱѾһˡ
仰Ůתȥ
͡°̬ȫŭЩӸǳסŭȳ

ӮһͿԱǿ׳ˣ֪ߵغ񡣡
ԶĺŮӻȻת¶һĨ˹ָͷ
Ǿͳһս
һ仰ò
ڿǱߣһЦЩ˽Ҳסбơ
ʱѰȴһĨɫ
Ѿ˽⵽˴ο񵺺ڴ֮ĶԾ峡
ֻҪӮɷֳʤ
ڣڴѾ
һѰʶǬڶľǸղǲ㱻ƶǵġԪïʦ֡
ˣǰǺŮ£
ǺŮСǰڸû˵һɫ
˽⣬ҲһƬհס
ͨԾ˶һľʥ
ǻܼǬǻܱһġԪïʦ֡Ӯöɡ
Ҫ֪λԪïʦ֡ںĴľ
ɻǰˣ
ѹ֣˽ɫض
峡ԾѾڴ˲ҰܶĻҲζţʧһһͳ֮ĶԾͽ䶨
ǴðģҶɣͲǿ񵺵Ĵˡ
ü֮ǰսõĵսֶΣҲǿ񵺵Ĵ
һϯòͫ΢С
ʵҲɣֻȴҿ϶
Ůˣȷǿ񵺴ˡ
ڴʱѰȻ
һ仰úǽԲĿ
СĪϳһЩʲô
һ
¿һЩߡ
Ѱ֮ǰŮӵսʱƾһϤĸо
һƷζʱһЩ¡
Ƿȷ
оâһ
ѰһȷҲܼ򵥣սһɡ
㣿
ʱһ
ڴҲ㵣û뵽ԵϵĹͣһҪ
˵ǣ¶һ⡣
ǺޱҪѰɱֵ͵˺ԣҲԸʲôͷ
ڣѰرˣ֮࣬ʱʶѰд㣡
ԴǣСѣϾڵ飬֣ǲס
ԼĿǡ
£սɹغյʤĸҵ
ʱһ֪ǳðȻֽһô죿
ʱϲʧʲôڵɾҪסˡ
˼Ҳǳ롣
ϾѰŸԵϹ͵ݳ֣ɱϾ˲̫ġ
ϵܣдĵӻûѡ𣿡
ɽƽ̨棬񵺱Ԫӵŵ⣬ʵ֮ھֱ䣬ǵģǽɳĵٱܣǿɾͲÿˡ
ü両ŭɫ
Ԫ϶ˣ
ƽ̣Ըս
Ѱ಻סڡ
ɡ
УսעĪ⣬λʦܲ°ɡ
ܿ죬һЩڴҲ׷׿ս
ÿһǺĵӣӵžʥΪĺ
ɴʱѰҡͷĿ⿴ȥЩĵǿ󣬿ɲþǺŮӡĶ֣
ѰǣЩĵУ޿ҲȻУɫȻս
û뵽ԷҲ̤ʥˡ
Ѱꡣ
̼ǵõУԼǽ޿ͼǬɶֻǾ۴ʥΪѡ
һ㣬Ųȥʱ䣬ԷҲڵ;ͻˡ
˿̣Ҳԥƺϡ
ˣѰ˼ǳսӮ治󣬻ɡ
˵ţӰƮȻƽ̨롣
㡭
վס
Сѣ
һӣȫֲһЩиջ
ʲôʱˣϵ˻֪صصңֱǺ֣
޿ЩںĵӣһҲܲãʲôǳӮ治
һ仰Ͱȫˣ
Ψн¶Ѱʮ㣬ǴһĨȻ
Ѱʱ򣬱˾Ҽҹӳ֣ҲÿҼҹǷ⣬ڣҼҹӼȻ֣Ҹ˽飬λǷſĹսˡ


1869 ܵ
µƽһɶеĽζһޱţԸĸо
ɶԺ˶ԣδҲ̫ˡ
ܹۿսԣ
أڵ飿
ϵܣȻСһﶼվǱ㿪ʼɡ
ɽƽ̨棬ԪӷЦȥһλԵϵѣסҪ飬ϾλѿɲڴˣһˣǿɾͲðˡ
ৣ
δ£һµͳֳС
едһĨϷģһԴġ
˵ɫһӱѿޱȡ
ԭѰͻȻǴֲк̤ܲʵɻûϣͱԪȾˡ
ǣԪԴУϷʣ˺޵

̾
Ѿʶˣ޷ı䣬ֻܼϣ˵棬нһ˲ʧ
ڴҲ඼ָӡ
ףѰͽµ̫ȻҲֻ̡
һˣҲŲʲôݣһΪ˸ۣ
ԣҲҲ֣˵ЩĵӶУδҲ̫š
ҿɴϣӮĻڿɾͳˡ
صģˣֲڰˣ黹пԻء
Щĵ۷׷ףɫ粻
ǺܲѰֲԸԷʧܣΪᡣ
²ٽʲô׼۶ɱĹӣԸЩ֣ǲŽûء
һţϥһУһ豦ͳǰʼյϴ衢裬ˮ̬ʡ
һĻúһ㵣ɫ㱣ϵĺҲδ̫˰ɣ
ЩĵӸĿɿڴ裿һԾʲôˣ
ƽ̨ıԪӶһ㶣ȻЦԶˣ
ϣ
ߴ糤޹ذ׳ѩ׵У΢΢̧ͷ˲仯һֵĮ֮ɫ
˵Ϣһ޵ĺڹ⡣
еҲһ̱ɱѹ֡
ڣǿ񵺵ǿߣ뽫ĿѰϡ
ǿǶѼʶλԽϵĹ͡ǿһ֪
ҲڴʱѰٴοڣѵȫ֣ܵúܲÿ
Դ赭д
Ԫһ㶣СӺܿ񰡣
ǴǶһ鴤еǣһ̸ˣ
ಣ
УӰٿȻʧԭأһƻԲ˼ٶȴռϣѰǰ
ģеذףһڵķһĹ⣬âֱѰš
죡
쵽˲˼ĵز
һ˸Բ׽ĶҲֻкЩܿ
ֻǴ˿̶ֱ쵽۷壬Ŀ£
ȴѰɫžʳָţһǺ׼صǴɱذ׷ϡ

꽻𣬼Ұ˺ҧĤ
ͼ͵һ⵽ɽХĳ˺ݺݵɳȥ
ɳȥʮɣǿվȣӰգ͵ݹѣ˺
֪һָ֮ε֮ͰԾ
ţ
ԪͫһУе⡣
⡭
˽ԳԾܹλϵĹͣ϶һоͰܡ
ȴûסͻأһ̣赭дһָͽ˳ʮɣ
ЩĵӶԣֻǰһδ׽ϸڣͿӰݺ˳ȥ
ǵĿҲ֮ɴ󣬶㻳ۻˡ
ڴʱѰٴεȻڣ˵ˣȫ֣ذɡ
ٿѰʱĿѱòͬɫء
֮ǰһѪֱʱڷƽǸо̫ɽݺײƵġ
Ը
һƱ仯ɫڣӰǣģʧƵġ
޷ʶ׽
ǴŮͣ
ԭ֮ǰܼǬʦֺԪïʦʱûжȫ
һЩ˶Ծг
С
ϢأӰѰһӰûκ
ã
ע⵽һĻĺˣɫˣʲô֮˼飿
ৣ
͵أذ״Ѱı
졢׼ݣ
ûһ˿ɢеȫһ֮С
һֻ̣ذ͵һͣ޷
ţ
һ̧ͷʱͼ֪ʱ޳ָμסذס
Ѱɱ
ʱһֹ̾һĻҰʱ˶һŵĸо
ʵǣ⻭̫ģѰ米ָסԱĿֲһ
ɫҲ֮ˡ
ɲУذ͵شһɽƵԴݿ֮ƺݺݳ
꣡
ذ׵˲ѣ۰ļһըǱ顣
˶õɳȥݺݵʮ⡣
ۣ
ڣпѪʹƺߣſڵϣǶվˡ
мžԾ
ǿߣǿ񵺵ǿߣڴ˿̺ݺһ¶˼֮ɫ
ǰ󣬲ɲǼ䣬ǿڴ˿ȴԵǰ㲻ֱѹ
µǣǽϹͻתһУ
һĻ֮ǰ˭뵽
֮ǰǣһΪѰԳֲеŭΪѰȫǺ֡
ڣƵķչȴȫ߸֮ǰ֪һףǷ¡
̸ļһԭͰ
ĿһУĽЦЦרעС
ӿһɵĽ
ڣܸŹӵʵ˰ɣ
ȫʵЩʧ
УѰת⵭ȻؿԶſڵվ
ŰҲ֮ƣȻ
ˣ
ΪΡΪҶһεĸоҲ̫ʵˡ
һղ˵ʲôһΪǰ˵ϻһž
ǺĵӶһ𾪣֮ǰǻѰ䳰ȷϾһ񱻳һƵġ
Ҳ˴˶ܿԷеľɫ
ɽƽ̨棬Ԫӵһڿǿߣһһֲģ
һսǰ󲻹ѣˣ
Ұˣ䡣
ϣѪҪԶȱأ㱻ݻ٣֮
ԾѰʤ
ñԪӵɫһѰĿ˲ơ
ظ˿ѰĿ˾棬Լһ˿ɫ
֮ǰڶԴѰ̬ϣȷʵЩ̫ˣЩжڨڨ


1870 ڤ·
ӣȲֻµԵƬ̡
̧ͷЦ
ʵǣһԾĻʱ̫ˣϴ趼ˡ
ɣУӡ
ڣҲףΪζλӡˡ
ĳ
أЩǿУ߳һӡ
һϮ£ɫҰףһͫ͵ģŻɬɭȻĹ
á
Ԫһϲ飬֣ұˡ
ƶޱš
ٿǿߣɫ죬в죬мɵҲܡ
ú˲ʶӣȻһǿĴڣ
ǰĳ绹
Ѱ
ãǾͷСˡ
ʱ򣬺ʹӦ֮ǰԥ
ڴҲ¶ЦݣѰĳ֣νǰǽһ⣡
Ǻڴ峡ԾУԵϵˣֻǴľϲ
޿Щĵܸӡ
˴ΣԭǺͿ񵺴֮ĶԾȴһҲ岻֡
һ˳֣Ϊǳͷ˶˲
ˣˣˣ
ÿһɽƽ̨һ󶯵޶İ
ƣҲ֮һڽɫӰɢա
͵Ĺȼգˡ
˺һϡ
ǽ޿ЩĴˣһеޱȵѹ֣嶼һëȻ
վڳѣǾͲǿҵĸоԼ֣¸Ǵ˵Ķ֣
ֲɥʲôʱ֮µĿ񵺴У
ҲȻʶ鲻Ǳǿ󣬲ǿһأ
Ҳ֪λСܷסˡ
ü䶼һĨɫ
۱Ԫӵˣ¶ڴ
Ψнǵ˪ѩ裬̬ݶרע
ҲݣֻҪ֣䣬ȴֻ
鿪ڣɳƶͳ
䣡
һһƬ֮ٿȻ֣ҝڤ罵١
ҝת̵Ĺ˸УԼй񺿵ͷƤ鷳
֮򣬲ڤ·
Զ¶һ˿𺳣Ψ۵һ֮Ǻε˲á
۾ﶼͣΪ˵Ʒ֮ߣ֮ͬг۳
Ȼ鲢δСѰһ־ʩչɱС
ã
ȫɫ䣬ΪѰûеֱֵӱĵ֮ڡ
⡭
޿Ǵ˿ҲһѰˣҲζڰˣ˭ҲԸ⿴
Ԫӵ˶Ц
һ֣¶ȫһ
ֻñԪЩƵǣ裬ƶԳеһлȻƵġ
ͲСӱɱˣ

ͬʱ֮򡰲ڤ·ڡ
ҝأ̵Ĺ㣬ɢ˵Ŀֲʴ
ͣ
ѰӰеĵһʱ䣬֮ؾܵʴϮ̶
ƻȻĹˣһ֮иǵĴڶ϶
֮ǰǴʱ飬ȻԺڰͷ֮һչڴˣ
ҲǱ̸ɫġʹߡ
ΪʱѰɱһɳʹߣٹܣûƿصϢҲǹ졢ɬ鼸һޣ
ѰеЩ⡣
񵺿ߴͳ֮һܻչڹһˣ
Ͳ±޵߳Ӻ͵жԣ
У϶ŲΪ֪飡
ಡ
ϢأһƱ͵Ĺ𿿽ӰӶһڵļ׶Ѱͷ­
Ѱ̧һġ
䣡
ӰٿȻը飬ı̹Ʈ
ɽţֳһű͵ĹÿһŹһ飬ӲͬѰϮɱ
Ѱüһͷųɽɫԣ۳ӡȭָѺɱ
¡
ײ˷
ͼһֽ㱻̹Ʈɢ
Ѱ
ڵ֮еˣü¶ɫ
֪УװĴڣɱᣬܡ
֮ǰûһӰÿһžʥսһ֣ͬǿ߾
һϵйȴһʧЧˣ
ȫͷţҿԸֵĻᣬϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ҝУѰǵȻ
ߣ
͵ӷĹ⡣
һĬлɬؾ˫սһ֮ӡ
ⷽʱˣһĨѪ֮ɫۿɼǹһѪɫ·֡
գۼ䣬ӵѰǰ
ѰҰҲһ䣬һͨڤѪɫ·ϣĹˣޡ
ΨнѪ·ͨǰ
ѰҪһɹѪȵĹӿ֣ݺѹܣεĽ
ͬʱһ֮ľڤٻ
ôһɲǣѰоһѺͽﲻ⣬ڱڤȴĽС
ǵȹǿò
ҲһɲǺѰľָ¶˼֮ɫ֮Ҳǹͳˡ
ϧԣɲ
̧һ̤
䣡
ͨڤѪɫ·ʱҵĶмֱӶѿ
ѪɫɽɢķƮ
ͬʱ鷢һƺߣ¶Ծ֮ɫһﱻԼ֮򣬾ǿ
򣡡
͵һҧ⡣
ʱ䣬췭ظƵģɫУһݺύѪɫ·ƵģѰС
˷ǲ֮·
ʥڴˣǸѾãֻԴС
ѰȴҲָһһɳ֣һð磬ãأۻϢ
ѰԸӿС
ˣ
һУֳ֮࣬ϢУ¸ϣ𡭡
գһ绯һɫӡӶãضۻ롣
֮ӡ
ƿص츳֮ӡ֮ں͵˶ԾʱЯһ֮֮һɱܳĿֲ
䣡
֮ӡ£Ǹ˷Ѫɫ·ʱ飬Ѫɫ꣬¡¡֮ڶ
ۣ
׻Ƶģ͵ؿѪӰһΣܵصķɣԭͲҰ׵ɫֱ͸һ
ΪΡΪλ
Ȼ׸еͿ־壬Դ޷˭ڱ֮е£ʩչ˿µս
ֻǣ鷴Ӧ֮ӡĺ֮£Ϊĵ֮򡰲ڤ·Ҳһ̺Ȼݡ


1871 ֮ʹͽ
ɽƽ̨
һǿߵɫޱȡ
޿Щĵӵȵס
һգۼ䣬ԵϵĹ;ͱĵ֮ڣֱ˿̣û
ɽ׶༪٣
֮һ磬һףɱᣬ⻹ô
棬һڴ˽ܡ
ʦֵΪۡڤ·ϹħսµУʮĥѣճɹ
ƿڣǵ֮۳ɹʱӳֳȺħ裬ٹҹеĿֲƶϣ˱Уעذɡ
Դ䡣
Ԫԣ̲סĵĵ⣬ϵܣλϵСѣҲﲻǵæˣĳԾҪ䡣
䡣
䣡
һ춯صĺ쳹Ԫǵû
һھĿע£ǵ֮򡰲ڤ·ܵ޴һңȻ顣
ֳеĹҲ֮ɢ
飡
ӰĵԡѪ
ԪϵЦ̣͹⡭ʲô
ߣЩ񵺴ҲһҵģͷƵǡ
Ƴġڤ·Ȼˣ
Ҳ죬¶ϲ֮ɫҲЩš
ڽ޿ǣҲһµӣ֮򣬻Χ鷢
䣡
˷ӦһӲãɫӡЮŴĿԷ򣬺ݺݳɱ¡
䣡
龪֣ǳڱܰ㷢С
ֱһ֮£˵ֵˣܶܡ
ˣ
֮ӡھͷһ֮أٿȻͣ͡
ɼˣ֮ӡɢĿֲѹϣһݺѹϣ֪ѶٸѪʣʹƺߡ
ʱѰӰƮȻ̧һգ֮ӡٿһСޱȵɳ
ϣһϢ˴
ѰƮ裬˳ȾɢΰϢ
һĻȫ
Ԫӵɴ۾ɫ࣬⡭ܣ
񵺵һڴҲ˪ӣˣÿѰĿ⣬д𺧡
εǿ½ܼǬԪïˣޱȡ
ȴ䣬ͱнһѹ
ڣǿԭǼΪܻ䡣
룬Ҳˣ
ǿĵ֮򶼱ƿȵò䣡
̫ˡ
Ԫӣղź̫˰
Цгޱʹ졣
ǿҲЦǶѰıҲеޱȾޣǿο
޿ӣˣڸȷЩĴ˻ͽһͬˣɲȴ֮ȫ޷Ტۣ
ϣϲֺᣬ㾿˭
ϣɫԹ
ҽнһ׳ն֪Ҳǵϵˡ
ѰȻ
һ
鴽ظһ顣
һɲѰһǿɱԷĳ嶯Ѹҿ϶ԷȻչڣʲô񵺴ˡ
գס
Ͼڣһ˲ĶԾѾܲףɱ˵Ļֹǿ񵺻ԼǾڶܵǣ
뵽⣬Ѱᴫ㲻֪˭֪˭´μ㡣
һЦѵת뿪
ʱõһЦӣ衣
ѰЦЦҲأӹˮһֻͨ£һ̩ͨ
вޣµ֮տˡ
ĿһĻǿߣ޲ӣһһŮȻûѴ˴ε۵Ծ°
ĳԾʹĻ
չںͿ֮䣬ǸӮĿǰƽ֡
յʤڵ峡Ծϡ
ֻǣһ̱ԪȴȻ˴۵ΪֹΣµ峡ԾҿˣҲλСУ޹ء
Ժܲʡ
üƬ̣ˣʹΪֹ
ƽ֣ѾһĽ
ڲӮУѰվһˣӮˣҲû塣
ԪԳһԥ;뿪ٶ
Ȼ
ֻǣ뿪ʱԪӺȻĿ⿴ѰСѣ¿ɲá
ƽȴ޵⡣
Ҳһ䣬ΪСǻ
ѰҲɫȻ
Ԫһɫ΢䣬ѵһЩʲôˣ
һûٶ˵һ˴ҴҶȥ
ֱ뿪ںһ·ϣԪأԾɲ
ʹߣһǽһѿһЩߡ
ջûס顣
ֻڣʱ̬Ǳǫ֮ȻûһΪų̬
Σ
ɫ볹׵չڣҲ¡
ԪǿЦЦá
ĵƳһۣİɣ˴ǿ񵺺Ǻ϶ڴ˴Ρ۵ȡдʡ
Ԫһභһ䣬˴۵ϣҪɳλͽս
ĬƬ̣һ֣ͣ
ͣ
չһλ۾ϹŶĹŴˣһĿ츳֮ߣ֮ۺ񣬽ԿƹڸȺס
չڣͻһݡ
֮ʹͽ
񻹼ǵãǰǾʥΪͣһ֮ɹɱһ׼۴һս
ԣ͵ĴڣһִգЩʹߡԱð
еļµǣ˵չڣĵ֮ʹͽֻһ
ھж٣Ҳ
͡
ԪһȻ
ֻǿ񵺵һλϣ׼۾ΪĿ֪չڵ飿
Ҳûн͡
Ҳûи߱ԪӣֹݣںݾڣչڵĴж
ԭڣ˴ٰͥ۵ʢᣬԶչҲԸ
֪ڰͷеĵزؽ硢ͭȸ¥ˣҲ
ҺչһѾʼж
ֻǣЩԺڰǿߣҪμ۵ʢᣬֻܸıݡ
˴Σ顢ˣѡͿ񵺺Կ񵺴˵ݳ֡
˴κڴ˶սֻʶһҵȵ˵ҺʦһǽһܣӦһڴˡ
ͳҿԿ϶ĸ㣬ʦǰʱһҲϲܻĶ֣
Ҳ˵һ뵽ݵ۵Уʦ֣Ҳذɡ
Ԫӵ
ʶνġ͡Ȼչһλ˲õĿ
ͬʱڡ
Ѱͽһ𣬱ʢ룬һϵĵУܵ˰ƽ̺ڵһڴ¡ؿ


1872 ڵĻ
ϵĵУЦ̣Ǣ
һ󣬾ϯɢȥֻʣѰˡ
˵Сѣݣ߸֮
Ѱһãǣڽĳ˵󣬻ǰĪҪ£ǻ鷳С
ɫʱ˵ͷ
жϲչڵĴˡ
Ѱ˻һ׼ǻһݵܣ
񵺣ߴϵͳ֮һڵλҲǹۺޱȡ
ͬһ֮㣬ƽ̣Կ񵺵νָơ
û뵽ôչǣһ
֪չܿǺڰͷ֮һǿ߽ڰеĴ̿ͣ伫ǹ׶ŷɥ
ֹں磬ǿչŵϣڰ磬û˭͵ӵģ
Сѣ¿ȷ
ɫ𲻶
ѰͷҲûʲôġ
ˣĬƬֲ̣ǰ֪񵺻ԭǶչڵĴˡ
ڲ϶ʲôΪ֪ĴʣŻȥչں
˵⣬ֵСѣлѣ˴ǰ¶ڹ
ѰЦЦʷᣬ֮Ͷѣǰ㣬ûǲҪй¶ñЩùĶϡ
һ˵ͷ
ˣСѴʲôҪҰæ
ʵ
ѰһɵĿʦǰ
һԴҲû뵽ѰһҪ
ҡͷЦСѣǸһ⣬ʦ֤Ϲʱںܾ֮ǰ뿪ţѶ˵ңЩϱҲ֪ʦǷ
ѰҲһǰǰ뿪ʱǷ¹ʲôƷšźһģ
ˣѶŭʦ֮Ҳ˭ģ
Ѱȴֻ޷ʵСѣܷԭ򣿡
ѰĽ͵һѣͲǰԨԴʶŻðǰݷá
һһѣϵʦӣ
˼Ƭ̣Сѣ
˵ţȥ
ɽȺɽ
һءɽ壬ԹڵĽأֻʵȨĸ߲л롣
طǧɣվݲһڵľ޽
ͨһظɭϵĽ󣬺Ѱִط֮ǰ
Сѣǲʦ֤֮أҲڴ˵أʦһֿڵĲҵ
¶֮ɫ
Ѱͷط£ᾣ嶥걻ǣԵúأ֮⣬Ҳ޳֮
Ӻǰ
أɫ£طײһ
ǰ£
һϸɬ
ѰųԾ֣һǰϥһ뷢ʲݣݿƤƵߡ
ϥһʯϣµϢȴ͹طںһĿܿʶУȴ޷Ĵڣ
Ѱһһ˵
ڴͬʱѰλǰڵĻˣʱʱλǰһֱڴˣˣ˼һֱ뿪˵һ
Ѱȭһǰ
ӹɣ߱һλز¶ĸˣ
ˣ˵ϵòӣ
һֱպţɫʯ޲ɬ
˳Ծǣֱӿڳơӡ֮

Ѱͷ΢ʦ֡ȻҲԼѡ
ߣ
һ˲翪ƵģһĿѣȴӳֳ¸Ŀֲ
ĿⶢϵѰֻѣͷ𵴣߿϶һ۾ڣ
ᣬȴܴ󣬲ʮǧŰʮǰ뿪Ƨ°һ֮ѣָΪҴӲ˵ӻѣ
Դ䵭οӵѣɶϹʱĿܺһཻ
һֱĵʡ
ɫҲ΢䣬û뵽λǰԴѰ̬ϣ֮
ȴѰƽҲԿ䣬Щ꣬ϹʱҼˣڳʥ֮ǰһ׼Ϊѣ͵۾̸ж飬ֻ˵ǰЩƫˡ
Ķû뵽ѰһˣԴǺ̬ȾλǰҪ
㵵ģѰеĺ塣
ڳʥ֮ǰͺ׼Ϊѣ͵۾̸
ôôԵ÷˼ء
Ҳ΢΢һ˵ƫģ
ѰҲϻһһֱֶ︡ʣ¶ͬ
Щǵ߱ѪսɣֵʱԴ޾̵ƾȹЩֲ
а׹ɻһ
бϽİ׹Ǿһߴɫʡ
а׹Ǻһ
а׹ǴһžӨ
а׹һס
ָ
۵꣬Ҳɣֵأ뿪ʱѰһƣҲƾƣѰڴʱõİ
£ѰóЩ֤ǿ߿
ͼʱͫâЩһһɨ
ɻһı𣬾ڤʣһӫһı֮ݣһסЩȷǸ֮ޱȣײˡ
˵⣬ɫѴһĨɫ⣬ƾȡ
Աߵĺǵ
ɻһ壬ǺһͬȼĴڣĪ⣬ܾңԶ֪ںεصġɻ֮ɽ
壬ǿʮս֮һ̾ݣ
һ塭
ÿһȺϹʱӺޱȵĴڣеһҲܵõ
ٿѰʱĿⶼòһˡ
ʱΪԷԵϣɺ֪Էս𣬶ս졣
֪ԷҪʦʱ
ʱһŸıɣһʲô

ѰЩڣǰǷˣ
߳ĬƬ̣Щ֤ѾͺͲӴԨԴܸһ㹻ţԻ㣬격뿪ʱȥ
ѰüЩԥ
˵ӾԼʦµһӣߡǷǱŭɱ˲ɡ
Ҳסԭλǰ֪ʦ䣿
ΪǰӲ£
ɫ䵭ɬˣ㣬ѰҲӣΪʲô
̬ɺܲ飬仰ȴѰһ
õǰһ顣
£ʡ
ѰһĿ⿴ſߣ֪ǰҵʦ䡣



1873 Сʦ壡
ҵʦ
ĸ֣ȴһǾס
üõСѣʦһֵڣɵͳ֮ʼ棬ɿܻʦУ
еܻЩڴѰǰ˵ء
ɳϣλ˵µĻǰ˿ȴ¶֮ɫֱվ
ӲӣҫĴգɢƣԱߵĺѡ
Ѱǲܣľѹ֣ë׵
£֪ģ
ͳһһ䣬羪װ쳹ѰĺֻҪ˵ѣͻֽ֮١
һ̣Ѱƽǰ֪ҼһǰһĿȻ
˵˻ʱҲޱѹ
ԱߵĺѾǣʦʦУ
ѰһۣϢٿȻȫ±ƽ档
ڵұǲӡ
һ仰ƮƮģɴʱȴѰͺһ¶֮ɫ
һ˵ĻˣʵȴڵĿʦ
˵Ѱе㵣һ£ʧܣʦĻŴ֮أǰɱЦ
һǼٵġ
ɫƽ
е伮ȫţϹʱʦ֤ߵĵ;ѡ뿪ţԺѶ
Ⱥ˵꣬߱ϣ伮мص飬ѵȫһģ
סǣɫ
̫֮˼ľһʱ䶼Щ޷޷ܡ
߼ˣһ̾ǧһʮ궬ŵģɶԣ
ʶͷ
ߵʦӣƽʱûи߹㣬Թطֻпʦһ˿ڴУ
Ʈ˼Ƭ̣ٴεͷ
ߵãһ˵Ľɫƻ
˵ţһףһ鵭ɫӳȥɡ
æӹһʱ׻㣬ʧ⣬ǡʦ
߲ٶԡ
ɺȴͨһڵأФ˺ݼʦ
У͸ޱȵļ
ʵ̫ˣû뵽αΪ˰Ѱһæѣȴ룬طһܣ
ʦͻǰ
ҺȷһжģΪ˼٣
ǲǰ
Ѱ˿Ҳ̲סʳ
ɡ
һӣڵϵĺֱӱ
ŵȻǼٵģɿʶĻԣһˣȴ֪ʦУ˭ģ˵տɾ޷뿪˵ˡ
̲סѵСѣ㲻Ҫʦ棿˼Ҿǰ
ѰһһһߣͨӨ֬Ƶƿ
Ӧÿ֤ҵˡ
ֻǣ߸û仰ӿһ֬ƿĵһۣ˶ɫ䣬оţѾõĻҲ糱ˮӿͷ
һƬεĺ֮ϣѩ׵ɳ̲ϣһҵĶӣɹڣڵϣ˵ܽ𣿡
Աߣһͷ˫ϣɳ̲ϣŶȣҧһ۵Ĳݾ
ԣ³еݣ̲סЦСһ˵Ҫ޵
ԣ
ģ
ѵƭ㲻ɣ
ĶӲʮһ䣬ɣʱǺ
ŶŶŶС
ЦԴȻһֳһߵ֬ƿ
Ҹһ飬ɳӽƿװ´ʱʹ֮
仰󲽶ȥ
Цкѣ
ɽɵˣƾŬСС۵ƿӾ޵׶ƵģҲװ
Ϸҧ֣ÿ˷ץɳƿӣһξһ¹ȥ
һ죬ٴηأϦ»Ӻ꣬һĬһ̾
ҲڴʱУҳɹˣ
˵ţߵ֬ƿɳ̲ϣƿ׳죡
һ̲סЦ飬֪ڸŬͬʱñͨ䣬ͨУ
֪ԭ΢һзɽĵط
һ֬ƿдƿ
ΨһźǣֻӦΪӡ
һ䡪
ѳɳΪһ߳Ƶ׼۾֤ɵۣҲѲԶ
УɺС򡱡
СԺĵ·ֻԼˣҪȥһطңԶԺҲ֪ܷ
죬ҵɺ͵һЦеġ
ȴüһĨ֮ȥꡣ
ʦҪȥ
̲סʡ
ɲܸ㣬϶Ầ㡣
Ц˵գӰһҡȥ
Ҳһμʦ
һ죬ս¶ȴ棬ʱǱ縸ĸʦһʱһ˲ᡣ
ʦ𡭡
ͻӿͷ̲סгۿ졣
ȻΪۣȻѾڵ;µĸУʦеС
ʦ𡭡
ɫ㱣૳
һ̣һֱɵˣʦῴһƿӺ󣬱ʧ̬
ѰҲ죬ɺܿʶӦ΢ʦ֣
ãӲŴֻ㱵лָǿס
Ŀ⿴ѰʱɫǱûСѣⱦǴ
дһ˿Ρ
ʦָҵġѰʵش
һ̲סʦǡ
΢
ΣѰõǴ
ͫţ죬ͬҲԴ˵㡭Ƿɽˣ
Ѱ˵ͷ΢ʦʮʮ
ȷӵݣȻҲ
ۼѰ˵ʦʦŵһ˿ɻҲ
һڵأӲӣСʦ塣
䣡
ԱߵĺֻǰΣʦһСǰ˴
Уʲôмӣ
ʲôСʦ壿
ֻоԼҪӽط֮һ鶼ǰ㲻˼飬ǰģֱΡ
ѰҲһӿڵĿʦһλϹʱ֤Ϊ۵Ŀֲڡ
ڣ֮ڣԼйѰܲ
ǰɵ
Ѱʶȥӡ
ȴͷ
ͼСʦ壬٣۵ǳʦ֮ʦܣȻҲҲ֮ʦ壬񣬱쾭顣
˶٣УСʦĪҪٳǰҲĪҪԳƣǼӣʦں͹ؿɲҡ
Դࡣ
ѰƿԣһЦ


1874 ټ΢
ֹѰһԴհ׵ĸо
ڿʦһλϹʱµĵ۾һֻҪͻݾڴ䶯Ĵ
ȴڴ˿̣ߵһǰ
˭һĻ¶ץ񲻿ɡ
ɲȴȻûһĵִ̬ԴǽǰȻһ쾭ĸо
졢ءסʦ
ʦΪ
ȻѰʦʦܣɱϣĳ
ĬãѰǿʵӣɡ
ƳһԱߵĺڴ˵أ뿪
еĺһ飬æͷ
Сʦ壬һ𡣡
һ롱Ķȳط֮µĶȥ
Ѱ
ĿӰʧŻعƵģ͵һĶͷ૵Сʦ壿һʲôͷ

ڣǬռ伫ıͭƣλãһš
ӵСʦ壬ұչ֮أЩªĪҪ֡
ǰˣǽ㲩ӣСʦ壬ܷһ
ѰһΣ˵ĺܱŤ
Сʦ嵫޷
һϴģ
Ѱǲײس鴤һ£˵ʦűϣȷʵ߳һЩ²õݣ㡭ҲʦƺΣ
ӲʳŲ֮˵ͷѣ̸
ѰŸоɲ٣ϯض
һӣһŰ빳֣ϸһֻյ
Сѣܷҽһʦ飿
һ裬һʡ
Ѱ룬ͽԼʵ档
֪ѰҲû΢һĬȻҲԣʦ˵ɽͽȫƾԵдˣɢأ˴֮䣬ʱֻ֪ˣȻġ
ѰΪȻ
ЩҲֻʮʦչʦָ象ʮһʦ棬ʮʦ΢
ƿضսʥλʦ֣Լ֪ѩʦ֣Ҳֻ֪ˡ
ЩʦᵽģЩڵ۵սеλʦֵܣԺҲעټ档
ܿ죬Ѱ˵Լ뿪ʱ顣
뿪ʱһƬصǿգ·;ϣȴһһ۾ء
ʱ΢һ־ӡǧг֣Լһڵ۾
Ҳˣоյ뿪һƬŵǿм尾ʱ䣬ŵִǿչŵ硱
֪£жʣ¶Ľ֮ɫʦӲʧģֻһ־ҲЩ۾ܹģ
ѰʱĳҲид
ȷʵʮʦ΢ķɣֱ޵У
ѣ䲻֪ʦ䣬ţʦһţֻһ־
˵
ѰͷҲģŻǰڣ̽䡣
΢ȿܻ
ѰУ΢ǵչʦֵˣƶˣѰܸоȻ䣬ҲϲܾϢ뿪
ָоɣѰָо
Ѱʶһ£ӣղ˵Ҳ֪΢ʦֵ䣿
ҡͷϴһֱҶٲʦѶҲû˵
Ѱһʧ
ڣΪͨӣѰ΢䣬ˣƶϳЩɽˣ
ڿƺѾвͨˡ
ʦ뿪ִ̫٣ƺҲԼ˵ɽ顭
Ѱ˼⣬ǵãʦֵҲֻ˵΢ʦ˲ΪӣԼԳԴӲǴ̽һЩϢ
ϧҲ޷Լ𰸡
ѣ衣
ӽһݸѰ
Ѱ˵л˫ֽӹڵˣЩΪҪԻ˵Ľɫڴˣ
̾˿£ʵҵйء
˵ţԵɡ
Ϲʱڵ۵սĻ֮뿪ڣǰڵս̽ѰϢĲӣȻ⵽λ۾ִ
գ˶ӡ
Ӳ֪λ۾ֱԡͥ͡Ǭͥ
ԭΪԷ֪֪Ƿɽˣ
ʱֻ˵ʦһЩͬڵսҪǵʬռΪ룬ȴ顣
£ü両һĨͺ⡣
ãҵʱݣԷҲֻǻɣǷɽˣû뵽ҾڵĿʦѡ
һұ㲻ͷ¶棬ֻܱ֯ԣ˵ķȥˣĻһԷֻ֣ٵڡ
ˣѰŻȻ
üͥǬͥͳӷɽΪУ
ӵͷڵ۵ս䲻룬Ҳ˵һսӷɽΪС
徿жҲҿ϶бȻͥǬͥĵͥԼЩȻ
Ѱľ
ǵһ˵ɽĶ˭Ҳһ֪ͥУӷɽΪУ
ڵ۵սУʲô
Ѱ޷ƽовŲΪ֪飡
һ룬ӿһ۾ڣҲڵ۵սһ֪⣬֪һսε֮
ˡ
ӺȻһ£ߵһʯǰʯϣһͼһֳ֬ƿƺ֮УЦ
ģʣҰףüҺʹǣһĨİЦ⡣
΢Ļ
ѰҲ߹ȥһͼ
㿴ʦŵĴƿ
˵
ѰϸӣʱͷһЩһĵطͼеĴƿȻǻģȴԵúú翡
ʦ֣ˡ
Ѱֳ̽ͼдƿ˹ȥ
ӸҪֹջסǰλʦʦܣôҲ㲻
ָͼеĴƿȴһ񴩹һӰ
ѰһԼĴƿóͼаȥʱһһʵƿںһ
ˣ
һƹĹƮѰ˶õ˳
ͫһ
ͼͼУƺ֮ϣдƿЦ΢㣬ʳһƻõĵ⡣
Сʦܡ
ͼУ΢չһЦ֮һּ
ʡ
Ѱһ𣬲㲻Լ۾
СҲڡ
΢գգۣЦúܻ
ɫ䣬ʧʦ𣿡
΢зп֮ɫ־񱾾СĪǻΪм٣
Ѵǣǲ⡭ʦ΢


1875 ɽĻ
ʦЩȥΪټǿչŵϣҲ̽Ϣǲʲôֵ飿
һʳ⡣
΢εСɶǵ۾ˣôʧ̬㰡侲侲Һʦһġ
ͷ
˿̵̬ȷʵЩʧء
ʦܣڣǷҪ̽ǷɽһЩ飿
΢Ŀ⿴Ѱɫº͡
Ѱ죺ʦϵˣ
΢Цҿûδ֪¿ģֻҵµһ֣Ҷûôҵ
΢˵һʯ̻񣬾һ־뿪ʱ
ֻҪôƿһ־ѣӶıһ˿صϵ
ʦ֣Ȼ֪ҵ⣬ɷΪҽ󣿡
Ѱʵ
΢̾ʦܣҲ㣬ĵУ֪Щ£к档
Ѱǳ鴤Ĵ𸴣ֹһΡ
ʦô˵ʦҲô˵ʦҲرܿԼЩ⡣
΢˵µȷһҪʦְæҲֻ֡
Ѱһһ񣺡£
ЩܵԷɽĶ̫࣬ȴһֱɽ״˽⣬ʲôæˡ
μٰͥġ۵ʢᡯ
΢˻һѰһ⡣
ţ΢˵Եɡ
˴ٰͥġ۵ʢᡱʵΪ˶ȡһδ֪֮صġ
ֻܲ뵽۵ʢᣬǰһ֮Уһ˱ᱻɽ
ɽɰ˴֮һبӴһƬޱȵδ֪֮ء
֪ΪͨĴǰ̽Ѱһ⣬ҪôУҪôֶ顣
΢˵ǰõʱ򣬹ɽڲ䣬йűƬڵʡ
ҲΪ˴ξʣͥŵһݣյóһ˵Ľۡ
ɽһűһ
ν
Ѱܿˡ
ƵͥġƵһ
Ѱǵãҡ˵ʱƵͥĿʦհ棬ִһƬδ֪֮أз˵ڻ籾Դеһ
ƾ˵ƵͥʦһƵͥһĹϵͳ
ǡƵ
һƬƵδ֪֮أƵ֮ͥ̾أâɽ֪
Ҳ˵һƵɾһǿյĹϵͳͥУ£
ǡ֮
ǹɽеһű㼫Ǻ͡ƵһĻβ˷
¾ͥʮսЩȻסˡ
Ϊܻһôô֮󣬾Գ
Ƶͥõ֤
˶ǣɽʣ߳Ŀֲȴɲ˭ܿġ
ͥƶϣɽᱦ֣ԸǿֶΣڹɽֵıУƿһ·
ֻǣһ·Ἣ䲻ȶ۾һ̤㣬ػ˲ݡ
Ҳ˵ƿһ·Ҳܲס۾ϵ
ΪҲΪܹӹɱнһء
ͥһٿһ۵ʢᣬѡγһʥڣΪɽعɽصѡ
ôҲԱͳ֮ᱦģɱĻĸͳҲڡ
ǽһ۵ʢᡱ˴˹ƽһֽЩǿɽнжᱦ׵
˽ЩѰҲݡ
֪Լ֮ǰ˽ϢƬ棬Ͳٰ֪ͥġ۵ʢᡱĿʵΪһ
ʦܣɽب㱻ɰ˴֮һϼ˽еգʦáһ⡣
˵⣬΢΢̣Ц⡣
Ѱ׻ƵģʦãòᡭǸϲŷɫǾޱۣ̬Ť󣬲вŮļһɣ
Ծӡʵ̫ˡ
ǰʱѰż˾Էһ֮ɱ˹ŵһȺˡ
Էһɣ·ȴ׺ɫǾޱƣһͷںڳһöб壬һѾȫáƯݵĿӡ
һԴȻζĵۣ̬֬޳һɶصĴԡ
˭һƯʵӣעƾ֮С
ƫƫأһϮۣŷ˵ĸоܲףһֿϡ
Ѱʱ֮Ӵʱڣо˵ıŤҲԾӡޱ̡
΢Ļһʱһ
вŮ
΢ɫŹ֣ʦܣǲǶʦʲô᣿
ʦ֣
Ѱ㵡
΢ͷԣʦϲɫĶ˵ǡӦþٰ硣
ѰʱһЦ
ԭԼʦ㡭
ɵʱԼԴ̬ȣ̸϶ˡ
Ϊμңϣ
Ѱ̲ס
΢ָָ죺Щ̫ˣһЩ϶ϣһϣǻǣ㣬Ҳˡ
Ѱ̾Ϣԭˡ
һӵ֣ȴԭԼʦ㣡
ɲǵɿգҺ;Խ֤Ľɱ֮УɱҶ̫ˡ
΢пˣԺټҪʵһЩԸĽˮʵɱΣ⵱ʦֵĶﲻæ
Ѱһ飬ΪǸвŮı̬̬ȾԵú䵭ų⡣
Ҳ֪ʦǷ˼ǳ
ʦõǰɽأоһЩ˼飬Ҳ޷뿪
΢ʱһʱ˵ɽڣزһ׮컯
˵ţ΢һָһصɽͼ֣һӡӿѰԺ
ʱѰԺо͸ֳһããƵԭʼɽֳ𡢲ȱçİĿֲϢ
һɽĻѣȴѹľϣѰһֺѵѹָС
ǹɽеһԭʼɽվʦõ˵ɽܣϳŻԴֻ࣬ͬģһ׮컯ͼܲС
΢Ѱ𣬡ЩǾʦõƶϣѾԶ϶һ׮컯ܾܿͥϵһ
ɽ
ѰĬĬһ飬ʦ֣˵ɽֻҪҵɽмһ
΢Цͷˣʦܶô˱Ժǿɣ˵׼ϾͻڶƵͥĵͳ


1876 ʦ
΢ĻƵ٩ʵҲǼٵġ
֪بǰƵͥĳ֣ҲΪһ鵮δ֪֮еĻ
Ƶ
˴Ѱлǹɽõеһ˭ָ˵Ѱ޷һѷɫƵͥĵͳ
ʦ֣ԻȥһҪ
Ѱ
ǷԼݱ¶
΢һ仰Ͳ³Ѱ˼Ȼͷȷˡ
΢ЦЦһӣһϼӿֶлһۡ
ǡۡʦ㡮ءַƵһ۱ϣ㶯øֵҲܿƺͱϣ֮µãǿڵ۾Ƥ
۱
ۣ
Ѱһ̲סʦ֣ⱦǲ̫ˣ
ɾ͵ʦˡ
΢ЦеڷɽʦǹϵͻݣʦֵԷƣԺ㣬϶ҲΪַ۵ġ
ʦ㣬أ
ɼ֮ǰʦ𷽴ɽʦµĵˣעɲ⡣
ۣһ·ѣĵ۵
Ѱ㽣΢˼ʦ㻹ֹһۣɽÿ˶С
ʱɲܶôƿǧЩ
΢
Ѱͷ
ҲΪܡ
£ûݣϾԸʦֵĴУֻҪڡ۵ʢᡱϣ϶ᱻʶơ
ңһЩսֶΣʱͱ¶ͬҲױ˱ϳ
£ۺ󣬾ٲصЩ
һ۱ܹ۾
¾ñսҲ޹˼ɡ
ǽҪͷѰᶯñ
΢ʦܣʱ޶࣬һ־ѳŲ̫ãҺСġ
Ѱͷ
תһ࣬̽۴ϡ

һı⣬ٿۣѱӻɫۡ
Ѱ¶һĨЦ⣬ñ
ûã΢Ͳӽ̸ϣЦŸѰ˻֣ʦܣٻᡣ
˵գӰһϼʧ
ǽϣΨдƿӨĹ⡣
Сʦ壬ʦѶڲ¶ݵ£ȫж
ɫºͣ΢Ĺ֮һƵģһ˵ɡ
Ѱεӣ㻹ǽҵѰɡ
˵ʱƿ
ȻЦŵͷ
Ҵ˴ǰڣһ¡
ѰѴǰ彪ϣʦһöȸ˵˳
ӵ£ҵǺϾǷʦϵĻ£ֵÿǼ䶯
˵ţԭίһһ֮
Ϲʱ򣬷ɽʮŴգżȻĻ£͵彪ϵĴѪὪȸʶ
Ͷϣ˽ΪµĴ㣬Ҳõ˵彪ϵ֧֡
˭룬һڵ۵սııһС
ڵ۵սУɽλΧһڿֲܡ
ҲڴսУɽݣбǡɽ٣ûķɽˣҲʱ𣬳һȺҰ
ʱǷɽŵĴˣֻǾʥΪͲʸ뵽ڵ۵սС
ͬģҲ˴ǱһλԷڵɱڡǡڡ
ΣҲ
ѣ彪ҲܵǣۣԭڣȸչϵС
ֵ֮ĵ彪ϣԥȸˡˡѺֱҲ֪
֪һУѰͷƣ类ʯס£ʦֶѣЩ˾ݣìͷָ˽ȸ
˶٣һ彪Ҳ̫飬Ϊһԭ򣬾ӽȸΪˣЦ
ӳ̾彪̫׵ۺᣬ֪ôҲʵΡ
ڵ۵սĻΪ˳׽𷽴ɽӰ䡢ǬͥһЩһµѲɱͷɽйص
ʱ彪ôȺƱػشǽȸ䱻ɱϾҲ㱣סһѾܲˡ
ѰһףԼЩ彪ˡ
ֻЩϹʱĳ£ڵĵ彪УҲֻһЩϹŶ֪ЩǿɲὫЩ˵Ϣй¶ȥǳʲô粨
ӵһҲĵ彪Уֻ֪ȸǧˣȴ֪ԵɣڽӽȸΪ裬Ըйص顣
Ѱһ̾
ҲԣϹʱ붼ʮǰˣ¸֮£˭ֻһŮΪ˵ԭ
£֪Щԭ򣬵彪ЩϹŶҲ˵
Ͼ£䡢ġǬͥɿǿ֮У
ô˵ȥ彪ϣܸͼȸ
Ѱ
룬ֻǼһ棬ܰ쵽ģ뽫ȳȴǼܵ飬彪ϹʱԪˣɱϾ̫ŵ壬ڣ򣬵Ҳôѹ£ܱסȸ
ѰĿܹһ棬ҲǿԵġ
һСʦ壬һʱ׼Ϊ㰲Ŵ¡
һΣѰûмƽϡСʦ塱ĳƺ񣬵Ǿˡ

⣬ѳ׻ָ侲
ٴμʦӣг˻ϲ־ΪʦԺھǳΪݵһͳҲָտɴ
ͬʱֶѰݸе𾪡
ÿʦһСʦ壬һδҲ̫ˣ
ںʱѰͲӴӶ߳
ʦ棡ǰ
æǰ񣬹ޱȡ
Ѱǳ鴤һ£ڵƽ̣һλݾں绽ĴڡҲһǫģѰһʱ֪˵ʲôΪá
Ѱ˼еһߣ̸һЦųѰѣǲй¶֮£㾡Խһ±ɡ
Ѱظ˵ͷ
⣬ڲμ۵ʢ飬Ϊṩϣʲô飬Ҳ档
Ӷ
ѰȻûûñͺһ뿪
ѰĿˣסһΪ塱Ķ츣ڡ
˶һ嶴츣أǿƽ̵֮ء
񣬾ʱø˽һԵϵĿˣ֮ߣʵ
ΪǺ԰ţҲ˸顣
Ҳһ⣬ƾһ׵ϲܻĴ
У϶
ϰѰֲ˼֮ʶȤûжʡ
֪ѰҲμһºͽĻġ۵ȡʱҲһ󼤶ޱȵڴ


1877 ˮ ˮǧ
塣
ڣѰϥ糱ˮ㣬ֱ罣Ӱû
ѪɽײƵģǷڵľӳֳ
дԨ¯
ƣˮ
С
ص󣬽ԿǾѰдһֳȻز֡
壬ɽϳ˵Ķ츣أƽ̺֮ء
̺Ȼۺþˡ
֪籾һ¹ϵʥأһطǹŻеһɽء
ĵطںжһĸأ̺ĴϢ֮ŨѰе𾪡
жϣڴһգԵֵԼƾʮտޣ
Ҫǣڵĵ̣ѰʱҲڡ
ڣԱУתҲǾŶǴ޾ɾ
ǵﻯΪõ֮Ѱ˹ʱȡҲǴﵽ׵ĵز
ͬ޵ߣͳŲסȰ
Ѱһ˾޵׶ƵģһжΪĸ̫ۺԶѰʱҲעһ

Ѱ񹬣һȻƥϢɽ㱬
һ˲Ѱͷ̨Ͽգ۳һӰһϮۣ忡ͨӿˮƿز׺ˮ
ˮ壡
ˮߣ֮һˮˮʼڵ
һɺˮ̥Ĵֳģɰٴİϡ
ҲѰ۳ĵ
䣡
һ̣ѰľȫӿһУʼںˮء
ãѰһӰˮ㣬ˮ顣
ÿһˮ飬ԾӨ͸ӿŻɬĵ⡣
ԼԼأÿһˮ龹ٿȻһ䣬һѰÿһѰԺӰʵǧ
ն
ǧѰͬλһ֧Ƶģͬһʱ붯ˡ
ǧӰʳָһ
ǧԪһնٿȻնɱһ˲УѤƥâû
һĻ޵߿Ǿ°Ͳɡ
ֲ̫
ǧӰʩչĳԪһնǣǵֱǾ춯ء
ǧӰٿȻˮ飬۳ɺѰ
Ҳɫ
֮ǰˮһǧ츳ˮǧÿһԺͿʦƿصĿսżơ
ͿսżһǣˮǧķǺˮһ֣ӵŵУ
Ψһı׶ǣˮǧÿһֻ൱ںˮһС֣ܷӳ۴ʥܡ
֮ǧ൱ǧ۴ʥ
츳ԸʥǿߣԵЩˡ
Ͼһ󾳽磬ĶѲơ
ڹģӴսϣˮǧᱬ侪˵
һ룬ǧ۴ʥһ֣Ļúεȿ£
ѰΪгһ̤׼֮ˮǧһܻǧʥ
ǳָúεȾ
Ǻˮ츳ͬУɲϴôڹģƴսϣһֲսֶΡ
ңˮ츳ˣл
ľ֮֮ӡ˺ˮˮǧ
ãѰпͥľʦָ豣ֱһĴڣ
ԺҪڴϲڷɽʦʦ㣬²һ׵顣
Ѱꡣ
٣ԼĴ¯ͬޱȵš
£ǾʥΪ۵֮ǰѾûͻƿܡ
ǰڵִʱѰŸƾΪ֮նɱλ׼ʱǿһء
һ۵ȶѣΪ㹻á
Ѱһʱеģڴ֮ϡ
̤ʥûã۳֮ĳΣֱɻһƵḶ́ٳٲ۳̬ĵ֮
Ҳǰ뿪ʱѰһռ羧ŲǿҵԤС
Լƿĵ֮ѾԶ
۵Уע൱ľʥսʱ򣬵ǿԽǵĵ֮ĥһ
Ѱ˼ʱ߳
⣬ɴأɽϪԳңа¹֥
羰续
ϥһ֮£ھޣӶ߳Ѱʱ
£ƾˣ
ѰȣһۿǾʥԲزΪ
ǵãǰڷҡʱ²Ÿͻھ硣
Ҳ˵ʱ䣬¾ٴƾǰ׵µľ콾
͹ȣС׼ס
Ц峺һŵı·顣
ѰЦҡͷ
ҲڴʱͻȻע⵽ɽţһȺڵĴ˵Ⱥǡ
кȻн޿Ǭˣ
Ҫʲô
Ѱʡ
˵ҪݷùӣһǱл⣬۵
Ц
۵
Ѱü
ԣ۵սд衣ҿǰܿǿߵһĻĻЩڴ۷
ԭˡ
Ѱ׹
ѣҵڴ˹ʱֻԸһԱм֮顣
ɽ£˷Ѱڡ
ʱ޿Ǭ˵ĿҲ뿴
Ѱ룬㾶ֱɽЩڵĺĵӣЦлĻͲ˵ˣĳ˵λǰҪ۵
˶һۣԵ˵ͷڴ֮ɫ
ãĳҲвҪλָ㡣
ѰʹӦ
һ˱쳵ԶԶһȺ֮ͬһ۵˲ܾһڳ
ң۵ȵ飬Ŀǰһ֪ҲҪ˽⡣
ѰӦ޿Ǭ˽¶ϲɫ
ǿĿѰλģȻѰھʥеĵУǺε֮
ֻǣý޿Ǭ֪ǰĽһѰҲ֪θ롣
£Ҳɡ
Ѱк
һ¶һĨõЦݣݺݵͷ

ʱɿš
ɽƽ̨ϣѰһںĴϯض̸۵˴˽ĵá
;ס
޿ǬЩԭΪѰʵȺԵϣػἫԸ
ɾӴ֮ŷ֣Ѱ׽Ӵˮѵõǣ۵ʱԴһЩ辶һģǵĳ۷
ԶԶأһĻ͵۵жӿһ˿ۡ
һݣǿʦӵġСʦ塱
ܹһ۵ֱһѵÿɹĸԵ
ҡҡͷԺǰ壬Ҫ֮Ѱ


1878 Ƿӿ
Щ죬Ѱͽ޿Щڴ˽̸۵ҲŲСջ
޿ܹӱ̤ʥȻѰɱȡ
ĵ;һÿ۵ĵ֮ҲͬѰҲǴ۽磬ǳ
ң̸ʱҲѰ˽⵽һЩ۵ȵϢ
˴۵ȣʥʥʥ־ǿһμӡ
Ϊʥ޿עģȻʥ֮۵ȡ
̸ʱ޿ǲԼͬ˵һЩڵݾڼҫ۵
ݵһͳڴ½ݾھʥһˡ
ݵڶͳ̴л껨һЩľţǰѤá
硭
̸Щݾڵҫʱ޿Ƕ¶мɵеӣҲԾԾԵս⡣
⣬˴۵ȣݣֻҪΪԶԲ
ҲõϱҲĦȭƣһЩǸеĳһĴ˶֪꣬ͬս
һƱػ۵ȱҡ
ϱܹ¸񣬿ɾԲС
ͬģһЩһĶ콾ٶʥϵţҲ˲òɵӡ
ԴˣѰֻţδ¶ʲô
֮ͬУʲô콾ϱݲ磬ƴĲǻöãҲСףǱ˴˵սߵͣ
ⷽ棬Ѱκˡ
Сѡ
ˣЦ
޿Լ¼ˣʶȤ뿪
Һ£
Ѱ
£һǲʦҸСѣҪ飬ѾһЩüĿ
æ
Ѱһ֪ǰ彪йء
ʦ˵¸ϵشҪһλѰæһ££ܵõȷ𸴣СĪҪļ
Ѱ˵ͷһأ
۵йء
˵ţһöݸѰٹ£˴δȾͽĻһϢԼ¼С
͵ˡ
Ѱ˹֣Žӹ
ѾʮвμӴȵĵӳ
˵⣬õСѣ治ںĵӵݲμ۵ȣ
Уһ˿ڴ
Ѱҡҡͷоϣڴ˵ݲμ۵ȣȻиŴ
ѰԼεٺãҲб¶һ죬ʱԼڣ϶ܵԼǣ
ڴ˵ݲμӾͿˡ
Ѱ˵
ۼѰ̬Ѿ֪ǿ󲻵ãֻܵ˵ͷѣҪӦң۵ʲô鷳£Ҫҡ
ѰЦŵͷ
ֺƬ̣뿪
Ѱ򣬷ضʼ

ʮ
Գһڲμ۵ȵĴˣǰɽ
ɽݵһͳڵ֮̾ء
ѰҲڵȻ뿪
˴۵ȣѡΡ
һѡεĵص㣬ߴͳ֮̾صĸǳУֻҪϣԿԱμӡ
һδ̨սɸѡ󣬻ʤǿߣлڶѡС
ڶѡεص㣬λڡɽ
ߴͳĴˣ򲻱ؽеһѡΣֱӾͿԽڶѡС
ҲΪκһˣֱǰɽԭ
ϾҲߴͳ֮һееڲμ۵ʱȻܵŴ
Ѱһˣֻܴӵһѡпʼ
Ҳ˵ѰҪμٰͥġ۵ʢᡱҪ۵ӱҲҪյǰʮ
۵ȣҪɸѡ
֪˲̭ȥܹ뵽۵ʢᡱǿߣעǵһһİμ
ǡ
һ޳ǣʢģ󣬱֮Ѱʱִġٰǡǿʢһء
۵ȵĵһѡΣͽݾڵĲͬĻ
ֻ֮һ
п˵ģǷֱߴͳλ׼۾ǿߣôҲǷֹס
һʱ䣬Ҳޱ֣˷ǿߣԷӵ
еΪ˲μһѡΣսġ
Ͼ˴۵ȵĹģ֮ȫʢǰݣ˲֪˵Ŀ⡣
ѰǺ󣬵һо֣Сϣһѡε顣
һѡУ˵ߴͳĴ˲ɲС֪һЩȺɶѾˡ
ǲ֪һѡУܹɱٺ˭ɱմС
ĿԴУһѡΣ죬ͻڶѡε
ֵ۷׷ס
ȻֻǺʮ֮һɾڽȴޱȹ󣬿һ嫴硣
ֲеֹߴͳȺ塢š
ЩССУҲȱһЩ侪޵ĽɫֻҪμ۵ȣȻһѡУ
ЩϢѰָƣȻٻ˼ֱ̽ǰС

һֺޱȵĵǰѱΧµɽ˺ˮйͨ
ǲμӵһѡαĵطҲ֣ҲĿĵط
Ѱִʱһ󾪺𡪡
âڴˡ޵꣬һľʥڣһɿסʥ
Ѱ̾Ϳһƾճ֣һͷɫͫ׵âתʱл
Ȼ˾ǳˡ
û뵽㾹ҲˣܺãҺڴһѡһ档
һȻ𣬽ţһɱ̵ϼƿ٣һӣüĿ̤ɽϢˡ
ڤ峤ŽСҲˣ
࣬Ȼѡ
ŽУһѱĽţźʱ򣬴ڵһλ˿ʣΪŵӣɲȴŽֱӾܾ
λΪϧã˵һĽӱϡ֮Žб֮һϧȴҴԵ
пһӴ鿪ҲùŽ룬Ϊ֪
ߣǵʱһʤɡ
âڴ˳ߣֱһֺŽˡ
ŽнâܣЦһҡҡͷҲ֮һ
ֻǿʼ
һһҫй콾Ҳ̳
ЩпģҲгĬģоˣ绪ǡ
ҫͻһ󾪺궯ѣõƬҲ֡
˵ǣûֹ
ʼգѰڱȺȻһĻĻĿеʼղ
ǳŽУһҫȷͬеĿܣƸвͬԳȻס
ϧֱ˿̣ûһѰĹע


1879 һѡ֮ս
ĬĬۿ죬ѰҲ֮߳ǰһֺ
һǧ
صŵһӳ
Ѱ׳һһһƵݸѰ
ƾƣͲԣȥɣһ
ӻֵ
УǬռ伫֮
ѰʱӰУÿһҲһЩϱ켣Уɢͬơ
ѰʱĿⶼɨӹ
һڴˣŵ
ѰȻƵģɫ롣
һŰ빣빺󷽣ߵӰŮɢ׼۾ĶϢ
ǷֱߴͳĴڴˣο˵ְ
ڵĳϺȻС
Ѱͫ΢΢һУҪӭջסǲźۼسѰ˵ͷ
ְڡ顯ϡ
һ۰׷߳
ϣһŻ飬ȭͷСӨ͸
Ѱָ̧ϡ
ͬʱע⵽Ŀ⣬ˢˢԼ߿
˵Ƕһżϡ
ˣ
ӿԣн۳һɫƣԼ䣬ʥо쳹
һʥ
ãֻǾʥΪ̸϶ڡ
̤۵Ե̳пܣñͶԷһս
һ˲вǿ߶¶˼֮ɫ
Ҳ˲ΪȻջĿ⡣
ŽЩҫٹע
жһǿʵǿֱ۵ľΪĸߵ͡
ȻѰǾʥڵΪЩС
Ŀı仯Ѱ֪ΪЩѡȺˡ
ĿľҪͨ飬۲챨֮˵ΪԴѡ֣÷
ˡ
빺󷽵ĳ۰׷ߵ˵ͷùѰеİƣ֣
һ
Ѱ
¶ɻ֮ɫһǺηʥ
ΨкĻĿܻ˵
һǰ񵺵ǿǰսѰǰ飬뿪Ҳû¡
Ͼǿ񵺶ˣĿȳ£
񵺶֪Ľһʲôݡ
ڲҲѱ˷ʶڵܵ飬Ҳ˸й¶
ҲΪѰҪԽһݱĵڡ
ݣֳܴĶעˣҲýһݼ䰲ȫ
ϾֶϸģҲ͵޹ء

۰׷߼ʣ˵ʱѰϢǰУ⽫ǲμ۵ȵһƾ֤
ɢޡ
Ѱ˻һ˶¶ɫһɢ޾̤ʥ֮
ɺټ
вǿˣɢޣ¾ǵˣҲؼɵʲô
ΨкЦЩһΪһһֵɢޣǿɾʹشˣ
סǰݵμѡΣڲȡѡʸ񡣡
۰׷߽ƹ黹Ѱ
л
ѰУʶ̽룬ͼиֳԼӰԼϢ
СԺμӡ۵ʢᡱĹؼƷ
С
أ빺󷽣ںߵһɫѵŮӿڣסѰ
ºͣᣬȴڵ;ӵȳ裬ǷȤǰҡ̡У
˶Ծ̿ڶĹϵͳݵľ콾л껨̴ˡ
ȻŮӿ⡰һɵɢݣ
ǸĳһϰҰ׵
Ѱҡͷܾ
˶¶ϧ֮ɫ
̣ǿɲ˭ܽĹϵͳܰУͲزμһѡΣֱӾܽڶ֣
ԺаʦеĴ㣬ҡ
Ůӱܾ󣬾һ㲻ٴη롣
˶࿴Ѱһۡ
ѰԼ΢΢һпЦһɢ޵ݶѣûȴۿˡ
˵ͷá
˵գתȥ
ĿѰ뿪Ůӵλ˴۵ȣҲһѡγĻᣬעӿֳĿܣһǿɱ
빺󷽵ĸλ׼ﶼɫ졣
Ůԣ۵ȣһǾμӡ۵ʢᡱͨɸѡһЩܳ
ǸԵͳУȻõģ
ÿһϵͳҪ࣬ȻȱѪҺĲ䡣
ϧΨŮעҪʧˡ

֮Ѱһҿջס£ֺȤ
ʱš
ʱҴҹȥҲ˵ǰݵսƱʮһš
ң򵽡
ҲʼһЩڴ˴βμѡεǿϱŲǿߵ֡ΪһĿȻ
Žҫ۶ǳĿλá
һһ
ͬʱڣ¶ĳҲæֻҪȤ޵ߣԿһѡεʤԼ»ʤ֮˽Ѻע
һʱ䣬˲֪޵߲˵һ֮ڣۻѺעĵʹﵽ˰ǧ
ЩѰʼնôע
һʱҪôҪôڷĺжٲݾľ
졣
ݵ
һСĵطϹŽ
ݵ룬ʮ̨ʮƯ½Ƶġ
ѰִʱݵܵĹսϯϣɽ˺鶼Ӱ
ǵʢǰֳ棬Ѱ۽硣
ֳ֡սơѰܿͱһ̴ӴһƬ
ѡս޵߽Ҫڴ˵Ⱥ
ʱѡڣǿ߻ۣŮһľҫҲһ绽ĺݲӡ
ǧ֮ڣ
Ҳ˵һڣѻǧλʥڣ
УȱһЩʥ
һĻѰһ˿𺳡
ʥڹŻжһͳĶѰײβ
ڣֻںʮ֮һݣֻݾǳеһǣǧʥ֣ȻԵü׳ۣ
ʵϣֹѰڳҲ޷ƽ
ģʢ£ݾڣҲҲǵһμ
ԭֻһ˴ͥһġ۵ʢᡱֳĶʵ̫ˡ
˵ݾڣǺʮݣҲ½Ŀǰʢ¡
ں֮ǿ磬֪жپѷΪľǲ뵽һʢС
Ѱֻʷᣬǡü֤һʢĻģ

ûãһۻ쳹ݵ˶ȫѹס
ʱȫžѻȸһׯȻ


1880 ܻý
ټݵУ˶ͣжΣĿ뿴ͬһط
ݵ룬УһϮۣ׷ѩƾ
ͤ
ݵһͳеһλ׼۾ϡ
ͬʱҲǴ˴ݵһѡε¡
£ͤŵȻڣգ۵ȵһѡĻӡ
ѡιغܼ򵥣ʮ̨ͬʱһһд裬κ˽Ļᡣ
ֻҪһ̨ϼʮսܣӵ˽ڶѡεʸ񡣡
סֻ̨֮ʤƻߣֹҪȡʸϳͲ
㣬ݵС
ʮս
ҲʮʤʸڶѡΣ
̵ѡιأ˶
֪֮ͬ棬ڲǿߣΪ˻ʤƴս
ȻھʥУѰʥֵһɹ
£ʤ̸ѣҪսгʮʤע֮
ңһЩ֮䣬һ໥˳ۣ˴սԷҪʮʤ͸ˡ
Ⲣǿţâɽ˳ڤ峤ŽУһִǣͽš
֪ڽ۵ѡУ֮伫ܻս
ѡιأڲսȺһڲսҲһɫ졣
еĲΪȻе¶ɫе˼е¶ɫ
ѰûӦ
ʼգһǵģ޹ص̬ƽ
ԣΪݣԭлֱӽڶѡεġ
ͬҲСˣ޵
ҲȡܶʶһЩ֮ԴУƼ
һ̣Ѱ̬ѷת䣬ȫһ۵ѡεһС
ΪǾܵĵ֮
ڣѡοʼ
ͤ
δ¡
ಣ
һѤõӰƾһһ̨ƿڣҳڴˣĸԸһս
ɢԣӰǹһ˲ٺ䶯
âɽһλԲʥһ
Ҳ˵Ŀ⿴ڤ峤ŽС
Ϊ˭ŽеһִʱԳ﷢ս
ɳϣһϮۣϢƥĹŽУȴδսӰһռһ̨
ʮʤҿԵս
Ž䵭ڡ
ŶǾϣȱ˴ſ¡
ԡ
ˣ˶п˰֪һѡθϵش󣬲¡
ֻ̨ʮǼգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱռס
ŽһҲһۺӲ硣
Ǯնһս
Ǻǣ˼ʲôèҵһ̨𣿸ҹ
ѣһĿɲס̨

һʱ䣬ǿӳǰһ̨Ͻսÿһڡ
ݵҲ类ȼ㣬׷ˣǺ˷ܵ
ŽУҲ˶֡
Уǧʥǿߣֻ̨ʮ¾ܣҲлٴνս
Ҳõþޱȼң֪ѡεʱֻ죡
ڣǧʥǿߣֻʮ̨Ͼץʱ䣬Ǹų̂
ѰƬ̣Ҳչжֱץסᣬѡһʥռ̨
һִ꣬ͭսìӢˣһĹ
һʥΪɢޡ
Ѱһۣ˵ѰϸǹһĨ͵ĻȣϵܣȰ㻹Ƿɣ㲻Ҷ֡
Ȼоÿǿߵϣʶһ۾ϳѰ
һȷʵ̫ðʧˣҪܡ
һЩս߽Ŀ⿴ϳ꣬ǽսڵĵһ˶ţһս׿ľʥǿߣһͨһĻشʦ
һҲǴһ֣֮ص;
һЩǿĻʦƳԺսżս˼ǿ
ţһλʦƾʮսżӲɱһλΪ߳һεĶ֣
˵кܶڶעȷؿʮʤһۣѡΪ֣϶Ҫꡣ
۷׷УѰҲϳ˶ŵݣȻʱ䱦󣬻ֱӶְɡ
֪̾㲻䣬ˣҾͳȫһΣķڷ
δ£¡һ̨֮ϣӿֳսżÿһսżԳֳ޵ģ֣¶
в˶
ǻʦֶΣɶ컯
սżÿһоʥεδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
һԾ
սڵѪ֪ÿһսżɼ䲻ףķѵϼֵҪǧŵϡ
ϯλϣͤڣİսż൱ðǧս䶼ѡ
ڵĺЦ
ǮӮһ
ȥ
̨ϣŴһ֡
սżÿһӿѤõĵ⣬һͷͷľ֡
䣡
һͷսżĴкĻ⣬з֮
һ࣬Ӳƽ޷˻ɢն顣
ˣɫ̰ޣɫޡһƿضصսطƾˡ
ǵƣò˶Ĳѡ
ܱ֮õ뻯ĵزɺ֮
ǽһζԿ
ͼѰɫϲž̤ǰлһָ
ÿһָ赭дһ˿̻ϢҲ䲻ۡ
¶ʧ֮ɫ
һ̣˵һĻͳ֡
飡
ȳɱѰĻݣͻȻ͵һͷ­λãָһ
ӴϸǵĻ棬ɢơ
Ŵǵ֮ɫ̣ͫһָѣشһսżе⡣
žۣսżսֲ֮ҲޱѣشҪ޸û൱ϰϡ
ֻǣȶŷӦһ
ǳѰĿսżǻƽޣǰ̰ɫޡ
һ׻㣬˵ص䣬½Ƶġ
ͷ­λãһָĿ
⡭
ǿսżǿôпð
ע⵽һĻĹսߣ޲ɴ۾һĻ
ֻĶѪɫףÿһսżˣһѻĴɽһ
⧲ȫû뵽
Ѱսżסһʥڴˣ
ɺȻεĶȫһ
ʱѰȻҪķڷôҪֱӶõ֮ɣ


1881 үү
ʼգѰԵúƽ
ĻȴԵֱ̫ӣһʱļơ
ս֮ǰ̬϶ᱻΪ֪ŵĿ¡
ڣ˭ô룿
赭д֮䣬ش𿰱Ⱦʥսż˭ܰ쵽ģ
һʱ䣬ԭһЩѰĹսߣʼнһˡ
ŵɫѿ
û˸СңΪԼĿ۵ģ
Уһӣһɫսżֶ
սżɫĥɣͨɢԹ꣬ɢϢ
սż
¶ɫ
ৣ
˲䣬ӰɫսżУȫںһ
ۿɼɫ𣬸һӨļƬУɫâ۳һ˴Ŀսì
ͨ£ֻ¶һԱ
ʱĶţɢɫԣһɫȼգϢֲ
ѰͷһμսżһʱͲںϱսż󣬶ϢǿһأΪǾʥڣɾԼһִԲļ
ɱ
ŭһɫ󣬻Ӷսìкݺɱ£ͰԵ
ɫսìâҫۣ糱ķ
ͫ׶һ
ȴѰܣΡ֮ɽͨؽӣһبŲƣ޿ɺ֮ãС
ǻϢ
ųսìɱѰֻ̧֣һָ

ɫսìҲ׻
ֻһȻĪĲãۻײֱյɳȥսìı۰ʹľѪ
עһĻǿߣ޲ǡ
ǰǿʢҫۣõսֶǰľ춯أ󲻷
ÿһΣСǽһ׾ٱƿ˼ǿҵӾ
ֻһЩ֮ʶǶŲǿһҪ
ɱ
ȼŻ棬ŭӣӰ磬ɫϼ⣬ٶȱɱ
ǿܱѰͶ֮ƽ⣡
˵ĸоһͷͼȥһ̫ɽÿһζͷѪĶˡ
˵
һЩڶѺע޵ߣˣʮʤǴӶעлüıꡣ
ˡ
עҪõ׶죡
սżý磡
ڣҲʶΣգԥʩչԼĵ֮
䣡
ããĹ⣬֯ûһ磬Ѱһûܣ֮
һ𣿱֮ɾͳ군ˣ
Ӳţ˭˲ҪΨֶ֮ĵ֮ȥ
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣֪Լ󣬻һżͶ̥
¶Ц룬ץסᣬȫת֮
һһղүү䣡
Ŵ
䣡
֮ڣֳǧսżɫɫԲͬ
ޣҲиϢصսżǿߣ罣ޡޡޡħޡ
ÿһսżսϵһ֧Ƶǰ޿޵ѹ
ɷ׳ۡ
Ѱһִ۽ĸо
ĸӦУŵġܻý硱ġڤ·
ȴһɭ󣬹½ϣںĴС
Ѱɣʱ䣬⡰ܻý硱̺İֻԽԽǿ
ɸ¥ƽ𣬶ڵ֮ĲϴۺĸԺעܻóɾ͡
ֻǣǾ䡰үү䡱ʱѰʱ¶ЦЦ֮ɫ
һǷᣡ
ٳɣѰʼ֡
ͷųۻ롢ãĻ⣬ָӡ˿ܴС
顭
ɰǧĿսż˿类ɽѹ֮䣬ͱһƬһƬ
ʯһȺһȺϣǴݿһĻöĿࡣ
Լ֮򰡣
ڴ˵أԼףôھ뾳ͥɨѨ֮ƣڴݻԼĹȣ
Ų
֮ܳҲܷɣѪӰɸֽű䡣
㾿˭
ŭƴȫ޷óݵĽһǰȴԵǰ
䣡
ʱѰѻһսżеشӴ³֣
үү
֣һϬıֻһҡΣֱۡӿѪ
ҪѰЦʡ
۾ˣ˻һ̫
Ҳ֪ʲôطñٱĵ֮ȶӿֳĿսż
ɽ
Щսżֱһա
㡭㡭Ŵ˿Ѳŭǳ׻ˣе֡
֪ԼӲ磡
ٲ䣬Ҵ׿ڽүү
Ѱƿڡ
ɫһòŭģָеĪֻţգһ䡣
һ߳ޱȵζҲ֮ӿͷ
Ѱ΢΢һôʹ죬ƴˣ
ˣҧгݣ㣬лμӵһѡΣˣĻлμѡΣ
ѰףŲǲƴΪ˼Ըƴˣ
˰Ѱп
ߣ
ų֮һڴ㵡ԾĿע£Ҵ̨
⡭
˷ˣ
ǽһʲôڶŵĵ֮Уȵö䣿
ЩڶעǿߣһؿڷƣѹҲҪѪ
ֻоԼѺעĵһ̶ˡ
ᡣ
ӵ
˰
̨ϣѰɫƵᣬĥһЩ򣬶ŵġܻý硱ҲܵһЩ
ȷʵ˼
ʱĿϯλϣ̵Ůһ
Ѱһαμѡʱ͸онһɢ䲻ɽ¶ˮȴһֶصơ
ۼսŮӶʱʶԼûпһȷʵһֵԼۿĽɫ
λ˵Ļһ̿ǺܸȤ
Ůӿڡ
׼۾ϹЦ
˵ݷˣǵȵһѡ֮ϰɣһ䲻Ƿܹʮʤ˵
ڵͤЦ϶ԣʮ̨ϣŽС׿ӰЩһľֵÿۡ
ݵһС磬֮󣬽ǹսϯϵ޵ߣʮˡ
ʮ̨ϣͬʱʮ˳ԾѰͶŵĶԾֻ֮һѣҲֻǳһС޵ߵĹע
оսߣԶŽС׿ӰȵЩ
ϾЩڲ۵ѡ֮ǰһҫܵĹעԶԶһġһ
Ѱڻܶŵʱ򣬳Ѿ㣬ڼ̵ʱڻλ֣
ͷ֮ʢȫĿ


1882 ¾
ŽУչֳĹâҲڳʮ֮ڣػһ֣
Ѱܶŵͬʱ֣һɳ̨
˴

ȫΪ֮ݣ
̨ϣҲͬһЩ۵Ľɫ
һСʯ¡ϱƬ̣شһλһľʥ֮ۺս֮׺֪ٻȻ
ʾʯ¡ھʥ꣬һֻųϡ
ϱɫҲױ˺ԡ
ڣʯ¡ս˴һ
һѰܶŵһĻҲһЩĿ϶ԣ̸϶䶯
룬ڵͤΪġ
ñݷˡŮ΢΢üɲڣںѵȻ
֣ҵǶһΪãΪؿԻʮʤͨһѡΡ
Ŷ
ͤЦϵܣһǾ仰һһûأ
ߴͳ֮䣬˴˴ξ
ЩһֱȾݵһͳıʶͤԺʱҲһָ߸ϵ̬
ݷͽһҲˣڴ˿ҲԼͤҲЩ䡣
ǺǣҺҲԶһΣһһѡб̭ұ㽫֡
˵ţһֳһ˵ıϱԼһѪ߸֣Ϣɬ
Ѫ壡
Ůӵ׼۾ﶼ¶ɫһ̴۱Ѫıֵǣ׼۶Ķۺ졣
ͤҲһãҪҳ
ûͤĲãЦӮˣ־ͽ˿еһöΣ
ɣ
ͤߴӦ
𣬰׷ѩ˿бһöīɫľƵƣ
ľһıľϣܹξʶ
ʱ𵽵ħãһ׼ǿĥԵĺ
ֻͤȴû뵽˲ֹԼľע⣬ɫЩÿ
Ϊע׼۾ﶼ࿴˺һۣϼһĪ֪һЩһĵϸ
֣ӮˣһҲܸ
һϮѵݷЦٻ⣬٩ȻҿɷǸƴɡ
ݸ
ͤˡ
СҲ׼۾ǿߣʼֳһЩѰǱߵս
ʱڶѵ̨Ѱɱһ
һϱԲ۷ʥ䲻̤ۣǵУսֶΣԿտݡ
֮ͬУǷ̤۵;һϣһϣᲢۡ
չ¶Ķս֮ǿȫϣ˶ݡ
ԭڣԴƿ̫׼ˣٲȻﵽ˳뻯Ƿ켫ĵز
һĵ֮޷족ֱﵽƵģ©ֳһһ̬ơ
ѰȻȡʤ֮ȴٳûжԭڣںдʱҲǳ
Щһ̤۵ϱڶԴƿϣﵽĵز
һյʱ
Цҡͷ䣺Сȫһʮᣬҵĵ뷨ȴһֱǫĳսȥǲ֪ôˡ
ǰսӵо֮Ƕռκαˡ
Ѱֵ
۶֣һĨ̾˿תȥ
ܾǰһڸһľ콾㹻ʸ̤ۣȴƾʱ͵Ϯڴʧ˾۵;
̸϶ޣֻÿÿоͲź
һ
Ͳпᡣ
СѣԸһ;ʧ˵һ䣿
̨ͻȻת
Ѱ˵ͷ
ס棬һ
һһ٣ն
˵գתȥ
ѰдңңıӰ˹֡
ֻϧ˶Եɣֻ䣬˶Ц
Ϊһϱ֪뵽ѡУʧȣ񻹰ˣҿԣ
˵Ŀ
еʧ⡢įͿɬֵ˲ùġ
Ѱȴһ˵ĸо²̤۵;Ժĵ;Բʹֹ
ʵϣǧ󣬵Ϊ۾̸һʱҲһ˵ĸп
ΪҲ죬ʶǸԡһݳֵˣԺ֮ɾͣע
ȻںУһߣ

ԾѰĶһŮӣһ峺аĴ۾ƫƫȴˣظʣѩףһ˲֪Ŀע⡣
ӣūҵһβμʢᣬпɺܽأɵŶ
һɳ˵ģתĻݺ䣬һЩսߵĶˡ
ѰŶһð
ŮЦˣӿһˣūҿɾҪֿ
Ӱ˸һĨλõϼһѰ
䣡
񶳽ıѩ͵ըܲסսİԵϢϸһƣһ֡ǧ㡱ĿẮ
ǽ֮򡱵İһ֮У
˶Ŀѣ಻ѡ
ѰˣҲͬһĳ
ײЮһѩ罵ٵѩˮƵģѰ֮³ɢ
飡
ŮӵӰߵķݣݺķɳ̨ڱѪͷɢѩ˵嶼ʹ鴤
ȫ㵡
˷
ǵһ˵Сˣһµȥ֣
һϧ
Ȼ𺳵ǣѰһƣֹ˴Ůһѹһս
˭Ҳû뵽ġ
úݣ
̨⣬Ůͷɢԭ峺аĴ۾УдԹͺ⣬ݶҧ顣
̫ˡ
̨ϣѰָ¶һöϸţë͸룬õĹ
ûⱦӦС¾롯ȾѻϢһУʱڻȥɲ£Ԫػᱻʴҽж
Ѱ䣬俪ڣ֮ǰ㶯ʱڷңϢش̳з¾ҪС
һϯڳɫ䣬ʶΪνһֻ֮ݣԭ⿴崿ĵŮӣֶξͶ񶾣
ϯϣͤҲ⣬ŮӵĿⶼˡ
¾룡
ȴıֻкڰвרƣ
ҵţ
ŮӼԼֶαƣɫĿɨѰһۣתҴҶȥ
ŮõӦǺڰֶΣӦòרԼġ
ѰĿʹŮ뿪һжϡ
ŮҪôԺڰ磬ֻȴû뵽ؼõɱﵣԼʶƲҴ
Ҫôǲ֪ġ¾롱


1883 У
ŮӾԲʶԼݡ
Ϊ˲ʶԼݺ󣬻Ŀݵж֡
ˣѰѾʤ
ֱ֣ԵѷɫһЩʮ̨ϣŽеˣٵʤ峡Ķʤ߳
ҲһЩһʱǿߣս߻ܡ
֮˿̴ʵǳŽЩҫѰս̸̫ۡ
ԴˣѰᡣ
ʤԣûʲô壬ֻ뾡ܵضĦһЩֵĵ֮
˶ѡ
ĳѰĶһĵޣ죬һݾֻе壬ΪʥڣģǷ
һšħʥĳƺţ۳ġ֮򣬱һЩϹŶ޲ڡ
С鷳ˡ
ϯλϣע⵽һĻͤ
ʤ֪֮ҿע⵽һǰսУб
ݷȤ
ԣջסҲ֪ղΪԶĵ飬ͤкܲ졣
£Ҳٴ̼Էˡ
һսҲΪĳ֣˳ĿעѰҲע⡣
ħʥӰ
ֻģѰġһܹڸĵ¼ּС
ΪѰӮ
ЩۣͤЦΪڵ۹⻹ѩġ
кЦаһսʱҪǵ۲ۡ
ϣ
̨ϣѩĿĵէ֣ڸУһͨѩףɢããս
׭صͼڣԼֳɿյľ
һ֣Ϣ֮һ䣬ֱ绯һؼ䣬â
ƣóǿߵ񶼴ʹԾѡ
Ѱɺ֮ǰһɫȻú
裡
ûзϻӵɱ
ৣ
һն緢裬ͷųĵҲֳһַ⣬أһмİԵơ
续˺ѣɢ
һĨһ˲˲֪ٹսߵ
ѰӰȴһƽӳпգȻΣһ˿̻Ϣ
飡
һĨͽײдը顣
񣡡
ԥɷٴһնŰ񱩣纣ХϯǬ
֮⣬һ֮й
ѰзɫȵΪͬľ
裬ͷ赽¡
񣬾Ϳޱߣ
Ѱûгɣȭɱ컹޷вȤǣڹ͵ĵ
¡
ذԺ
ѰսһһݺᣬɱԾս޲Ŀѣ
һƣƽת䣬ԳȻ֮
һʱ䣬֪Ŀע⡣
սеЩսߣ׷׽Ŀ⿴ȥ
ǽһҲ˵ãܺ͸쿹⣬⡣
Ϊϣһһϸԣв硣
ɲãŸճԱս
ϡ
Ѱı֣Ҳ֮˵Ұʶɢ޽һǸز¶Ľɫ
ȻǵȤ
ıֻǱһ¿ãһЩŮӣǼΪλħʥ
գ
̨ϣһ䣬ǿʢ֮Уһּµĳ⡣
ڵڵ
ʶն
û뵽һѡγ֮ǰҵСⳡѡΡ
Ѱͷ
ս޷вȴʶһֶһĵĵ
Ѱǡ£Ψһ֮;ĵһִġտ񡢷ħĵ֮·
̸Ӹߵֻͣ˴Լ;ȡõǳ
ʱ˶Ѷݡ
һڸĵһΪѰıָе⡣
ΪӿʼڣѱһһΣͷųҲǽڽ
Ѱȫʼûκαѹļ
һһΪǰУӲ˵֣
ѵԺ֮У
϶ˣ˵ǿУ֮ǰͺǿգִ磬Ϊľǲμӡ۵ʢᡯһؾ֮һ
ֿɿˣ
սϯһƬ䶯
ŽЩ˱ҫۣ֣ΪЩݾڡ
ɽһĳ֣͸֮ˣ緢һǣɱһƥ
֣ƺˡ
ݷЦ
ǿɲãݷĪΪȾ޻䣿
ͤȻ
ǿ˵ĳ嶯аǿҲԶ񵺵飬顭ɲͱһɱˡ

̨ϣ
һս֮ʣ̨ϵķͷԽԽ޵߿ʼעһս
ںͶֽսĳŽС׿ӰˣʱʱעһһԾ
Ϊʥڴ˾ӵвľǶһĶ̸ָ϶Ȥ
ԭѰĽһҲǺԡ
ǲŷһһؼɫ
֪Ǻ͸ϣҲҵ
ֻǣû֪սһʼѰһֱŽܵͷ
ҪĶ֣ҪԷյĴйĦĥ
һУΪġ֮򡱡
ɰٴ˴Ĵ¯ı򷨡
ԺҪ۵ġ֮򡱣ҲԵѰ󼫾ĵ뷨ϡ
Ҫ쵽һ̫ѡ
ڷҡϵİֱִ꣬ʱһֱúд¡
ٲݾݾ䡢ڵ̨Ͷ۵ԾĿģΪ۵֮
飬·
ޣĥ
Ϊˣ

̨ϡ
ķ衢񡢳գ
սХŰ͡ƥк¡
ˣһּڵĶս״̬С
սʱΨһͷǡ
һһΪѵõĶ֣
ϲΨ˶֣ڶսп˼ɣҰȫ
ֻǣ֪Ѱڶսʱ˼Ƿܵɡ
ΪѰ˼ȫսϣ֮Կƺͱֻ뾡ܶһЩԼõİ
䣡
أ̨ϣһ䣬һХս͵һӡ
ããĵӿһɭϵĵ֮򸲸Ƕ¡
ڣУ
ѰȵľǴʱԥ롣
⡭ⲻ𣿡
˴㵡
ͷĿѰǰս޵ߣһͷƤ顣

սŵʱˡ
սʱҲˣ
˽Ա֮ĵ֮һãͲÿһζȥ


1884 ɱĺ
ϯλϵĺǶ鴤һ¡
еľ㵺Ͳ⣬۵ףΨһô治ǵ졣
Ѱ·
ϲڵǿսֶУԷ
ƿءڤ·飬ҲͬǱܵġ
ʼҲһЩš
սڣѰս֮ǿѵõϿɣһλֵȫֵľжԴ
ֻǣû뵽֮ǰһֱֵóȡƽĶ֣ڴ˿̱
⵶һе֣ҲݾΪħʥĸڣ
ûܻų߳ҵĵ֮һһ𡭡
ӿһȻƥս⣬ͨµľ񳹵ȼա
ûзϻȫתɱС
̧֡
֮ڣããĵӿ֣ǧ絶֮
Ծɱƥĵ֮ڴ˿ӳ֡
ѰУڵɽ𺣶У˷Աããĵ⡣
ǧУɱС
ͬѵֵס
ѰȴԵǰݣͶ֮䣬һƽ뵶˷Ĺһһ
ǽ̫İ塣
ӡĴѰһе֣
飡
ײ쳹ڶ͸棬ס
ã
ȣȼա
ǿĶ֣׼Ǳܣ޼ɵؼͷš
һ͵طһХ
ҵ
ͼ֮򣬻޾ƥĵֳ֮޼᲻ݣ޿ƥеŰƣʮء
˿̵ĸ죬
տڵħУмˣ
ǰɣѰһȣһԵļᶨѰտһ
Ѱ˿Ҳûд⡣
ΪʱԼбҪһѵõĶ֡
ǡ
Ҳ͡
ˣ
һɳһ磬۶֮ӡãϵϢһ˲䣬ɢ
ͼ޿ƥаİããȫȾһǵĻϢ
ԼԼ䣬ϵо쳹
䣡
֮ӡ£ʮ֮أ޾Զѱ飬ɢ꣡
䣡
һġ֮͵ؾһ¡
ͬʱܵɫһ󷢰ף¶֮ɫ
ҲǴʱ͵ʶԼ֮ǰһֱˣʼոûԷĵ̣
ǰɡ
Ѱڵ
䣡
ʱ֮ӡѹ£һ㱻ϹŶ޵ĵӲˡ
һ˲쵶񱩻ҵĺ̨֮ٿȻɢ
̨ϵϹŽֵһɢȥԻֻ
죡
ˣĵ֮򡭡ܱƵ
ⲻܣ
һֱעһԾǿߣڴ˿̶˸ʧг
ʵǣһĻ̫˼֮ǰҲûΪȵ֮ڣ˭
⡭
ͤɫһͣҲЩ޷ƽˡ
ͬ⡣
һǳϣ˶òͰ
ݷ˸п
д󶨡
ǽһһһڴﶼ𺳵ľֻǶԸһѣĿܻܣ
һ̣ȫеĿ⣬һĻ
飡
̨ϣ̳ɢУӰ׹ء
ڣͷɢɫɷ͸ѪգȴƻȻĿֱؿǰ
Ѱ˳Ⱦһ֮ǰĵȻƽ
Ұˡķڷ
죬Ų˲ǵѪ̾Ϣڡ
ĵħտ񣬼ңܲ
ѰĵҲһֱԼԵġսʥ
ⲿλʦ֡϶ս֮һֱתս
ȴһֱûǷҲܽ˷Լĵ֮У
ϣ
սѰ˱ȭһǵһҵĵлҵģԺһᾡ·
˵ա
һԾ̨ӰԵ͡
̨ϵѰΪȫΨһĿĽ㡣
Ѱĵĳʤ֮ǰֲףܵĹעȴԶԶ̨ϵҫ
ڣܸ죬õҲһӽȫսߵҰ
һ
һɱ
ɽƬ̣һ𡪡
սͻˣ
ǣ
һӣϹﶼˣԭ۽ѰϵĿ⣬뿴һط
ͼԭ뿪ĸ磬ͻȻֹϥأһ㣬ɢһĵ⡣
ۿɼϢˮ㱩ǣ
ӾʥڣһԾԲ֮
ͤһ֮̾ɫһš
ֻ˵һƾĻᡣ
Ȼ
ͤжʱһᣬſڱտڽһԼף
ͻƣһȫ䶯
Ҳ۵ѡΨһһս֮ȴ漣ͻƵľ
ŽС׿Ӱһ̳ɫ졣
ﵽȾ磬Ҫϸһֱѱȵ죬ֻƾ޿첻
ͻƣҪԵ͸
ȻǽһһԾԸԣһԵɹץס֮ƾϣ
Ҳˣһ̳УѲԾѰһݺӵĶ֡
һսʣ
˼С
һǿĽһһȻĸ죬һĿ֮
ս֮⣬Կǽ۵ѡһϲ
Ͷעһϻü𡭡
һЩȶĹڶĶˡ
ֻǣעĽ㣬ܿͱ̨ϵսȡ
ΪѰܸûã˳˵ʮ֣Ϊ˵һѡһʮʤľ
޿ɣӵнڶѡεʸ
һȫעĽҲŲƵ˳ϣȫΪ֮䶯
ǰǷܼս
̨ϣ￪ڣʣ쳹ȫ
ɡ
ͤ˶һۣûоܾΪУδ涨ȡʮʤ󣬱㲻սȥ
죬Ҫʲô
϶ôʱսһԼļޣ
һ޵ıʮʤĻɾˣϾʱֻ찡
ȫȻ۲ѡ
ǲıһ˷ͷ𡭡
Žü両һĨ⡣
ûãҲܵʮ֣Ϊڶ˳ʮʤǿߣֻܵĹעȴѲǰ䶯
ЩʣλǰʮʤǷʸȥ̨ϼս
˻һȫĿݣʶŽҲֹʮʤĳɼҪ
ȻǸˣ
ϯλϵͤݷˡλҲһ⣬飬մӦ
ɣ


1885 һ ȼ
Ҫʮʤ󣬼̨ƾǿ߽ս
ŽҪʮʤ󣬿ǰ̨սǿߡ
սʽԿԿǳǹŽУԣڰԽϾľʹֹʮʤ
ǻȻǣͤλﶼӦ˴£
ⲻƽ
һЩμ۵ѡεǿ顣
ʮʤˣҪսֻ̨ʮȻܲˬ
֪֮ǰǿ߿ɶųŽЩȡʮʤ뿪ɱ̨
ôľѹҲСܶࡣ
룬ᷢ飿
ʱǻʮʤԶʮʤȥǵעһգο˭ָұ֤ǲḺˣ
ͤ쳹ȫǿߣӲս
˶٣ʮʤ֮󣬿Լսǰˣ㲻ٲս
˻һЩĴ治ǿҲƿԣ
չأ¾ǱܣҲٵ̨ս
Ѱܵĸ죬ȻˣҲԼսȥ
ͤĻʮʤ֮ǿߣǿԼսֻҪˣͲټս
Զԣ㹫ƽ
Щ粨ѰûκӰ졣
ʱڻܸ½֣ʤ
Ӯöɣ塢Ҳͬеٮٮߣ֮죬ȴѷɫ١
ȻܶѰв
߸սߣһʦʥڴڣսޱȷḻ
ĵ֮Ѫ硱޵֮ŵġܻý硱Ҫǿһ
ɶѰԣֵ֮ѪȺǼ龫Ϊãʶ̸κν塣
䣬λʦԲҰճ
ڰ֣һԲľޣݸľսֶγ뻯
Ҳˡ
ˣѰѻðʤȡõսע
Ϊʱʮ̨ϣ˳ŽС׿Ӱλ֮⣬ѰΨһһԺɱһֵڲܵǿߡ
̨ϣͱ任˶Ρ
еʤʱܵģеʤʱܵġ
˶ԱȣѰİʤ䲻ˣѾһ䲻׵ĳɼ
һĻͤû뵽Ҳֹһѵݷǰ㣬һţ
ѰûеִֻǺܲΪѰԼ̬ȡ
ֱѰȡþʤʱݷ˺ȻЦ֣ͺֵĶԶģϾҪֳʤˡ
ͤݷĪǲҵƲ⣿
ݷЦ
֣˵Щûãῴһʤɡ
ͤߣҪ˵ʲôȻһ˼Žоˣ
ݷ˺ͺһ
ͬʱҲ䶯ѣһϮۣ̤ɽĹŽУƮȻѰ̨
ֿˣ
ŽȡʮʤѰԲУѡԽһ֣ҲûԼݡ
һ˳ԾȻļ󣬲ŽҲѽжೡɱԶԣ˿ȥսһռˡ
ɽХ㣬쳹䳡ڡ
йսߵĿ⣬Ҳǻ۹ȥѰڵ̨ϡ
ŽַʽԼϾ
ﴽǷһĨζȣҲãܽһҵǲһ
һѻþʤֻһӱӵвڶѡεʸ񣬹ŽƫƫʱɾЩصˡ
ݷü
۵ѡΣֻҪΥرɡ
ͤȻд󶨣һԾ󣬺һ顰Ѫ塱¾ͽԼˡ
ûпֻȴЦŽСŰǰˣ̧ͷ
ںŽоҿԣʮʤˣҲ˼ߵʱ־ˡ
ƫƫȴϽһ
һˣԾӵнڶֿ˵ʸ񣬿֮ǰõעΪһĵʯ
ʱҲˣ
Щݺ͵λȻ˵

ʤʱ㣬ôȷʵЩصô˻д裬һʮʤѡ뿪ʱҾûлˡ
Žиһִ̨ϣƿڣɫ̹Ȼ
룬˵ô˵ɣ֮ǰı֣ѻҵϿɣֵҳ֣ѰɫҸᡣ
ƽȴ͸һɺεİ
ѰŶһǴʱƽͼϷּɵηǿߣе⡣
ԹŽȾһҲ壿
ѰĻشֻһŶ֣ùŽü
ȻľΪܲǲ֪ʱΪûȡʮʤҡ
ŽвҲûСѰ˼
˿չ¶İԸԼԴеζͼڸѰľϵѹȣ
ʧǣѰʼնƽһڳŵĴԨ˲Ĳ
ʱѰڵҺ֪ĽǷĻһ԰
Ž¶һЦݣһԲ֪ˣ
ѰǾԡ
ৣ
Žн£ȼĹŽӶһĿĻ˺գ
һ򵥡⡢ɾûκλڣȴﵽ˼ز
һǡ
սҲڴʱױ
ȫսߵ񶼻һսУԭնüžÿ˶Ϣ
ͤݷˡҲ⡣
ѰǳֿȭƳƽؼΡɽ
սʽҲֳƽˮϡ
϶ԣŽеսֶɼʣһɽ󺣣ǬĻϢ
ǽ֮ʢ̵˶۾
˭һĻ¶ס̾ɣŽһԲʥ̫ҫˡ
ǽţҲһķϱﶼʧɫ
⣬Ҳǵһѡָһλ
֮ȼߣ޼
޲ԾǣڹŽеĽɱ£ǽһһֱѹơ
ͬ͸һԾһʱĸ죬Ҳҫ֮ǿ֪֮Ŀ
ȴٳ޷κǽһ󱻽һܡ
ڣŽѵҲУ
ȫս߶ʶѰĽһһЩ͸ˡ
ȼ磡
̨ϣŽϼƵķ⣬ɫķ˿Ʈ貵Ļ档
УɫһͼաȼƵģһĿĵĻҽۼ
նһĨ磬̴䣡
ԶԶţɵĿһֻʹһ˵ܺ;㤡
ʵǣһ̺İ壬ڻɬͿˣǵ
һ硣
ȼ



1886 ز¶һ
ʵϣһǹŽеɱУ֮İأһ֮У
Ѱɱ׼ۿ󣬶ԷĥǧġǧӰǿֲޱߡ
֮ȣŽһѷɫ٣ۼ󣬾ȫѷɫǧӰ
ѰòпŽеȷ㡣
ֻϧ
Լԣò
ͼѰָһץһա
㣬һ콣Ѱֱץָ䣬ָ£ʱƥϬһĨʱ飬Ĺָк
ȫһ𣬸е˼
ǹŽеľɱһУֽ㱻ˣ
ͤƤҲһɫ΢䡣
䣡
̨ϣŽ֮֮ԥٶȳɨҶϮ
ǿʢһн
ѰǿᵽвĻԥ
ৣৣৣ
䣬̨縲һĻĻתģݺύŰ콣
ХԵ磬ӰѸ
ŽӰ˸Уͷ˿ӿƣ֮ʢڸȫ
ͼ̿ˮڳд˷
ս۾ˣҡҷ
֮ǰŽлʮʤʱûжóս
ɴҲԿһĳ֣ѱȶŽжѹֶΣ
Ļ
Žдȡ
͵أ̨֮ϣݺύĻ潣ٿȻһһ嫡ȼĵ֮
һΣѰûѡ롣
Ϊ֮ǰĶԾУӹŽгһδιУѰ˽⵽˶Էƿصĵ֮
Ƿٽ⡰ĻУûʲô
ԹŽжԣ߷֮ȫͷų
һ֮򣡡
ʵ
˶
һЩϹﶼס
ۼѰӰҪǻ졢ĽĻǣͼٿȻȭǰݳ
ȭɽŻ⣬ȴӿһ¯¯ԨԨĵ֮ϡ
飡
ƵǽٶµġĻٿȻͣڰС
һڳԾĿע£ĻֳѺۡ
󡪡
¡
һھŽееĽ򣬶ûüͷͺȻ̨֮ը
Ļž춯صı̨֮ϡ
飡
ŽӰһΣ׹أѪղ԰׵ÿ¡
һȭٵĲֹĵ֮ȭ͸֮£ҲܵˣλѪҡ
ݵУһƬѻȸԾ
һȭһƾ޵ĵ֮
ǿҫŽУˣ
һʱ䣬˶зµĸо
֮ǰǶԹŽг֣ԱмţΪ£ǽһעֹھʤ
ڣпʵһƣݺݴϣ
ŽҫۣΣ
ǲнһ
һЩ֮ǰΪŽзŮӣ˿̶һӬı飬ɥ޷һĻ
ǿ
ﶯݣ𵴡
ŽеǿڲμӴ˴۵ѡʱУŽб֮һ
ڣŽоһɱĽһشͬҲ˳ϡ
ӡز¶
ͤ¶һĨ֮ɫòϣԼ֮ǰˣԶԶ͹ǽһʵ
˵ʵҶû뵽
ݷ¶һĨЦȻһֱܿѰɵһĻʱҲе𾪡
ΨкܵҲʹ죬ͺнѰ֣ͤһǶ⡣
̨ϣŽɫҲޱȸӣ𾪣в⣬Ȼ
ûд⣬ҲûС
ֻû뵽˴ѡ֣ص֮ʵֻ˿£
ƴȫ޷
ԭǰҵĽľԴǰ԰
ɬ
Ťͷ뿪
ѾսսҲעҪܡ
Ӱɪ̨пһĻĹսߣԲ̾
ŽУһҫ۵Ľţԭͨʮʤӵнڶѡεʸ񣬻˲֪
ڣڽһǰһеȫС
һ̵һɾ˽һĵʯ
ҫֻۣҪʱһһƲĴɽ
һսŽҲûлսȥҲעȥͳԾ
ˣŽҲԽڶѡΣҲǲеˡ
ŹŽ뿪мžҲ֮ƣȻеĿ⣬Ѱϡ
һ
һصɢޣȴڽյ۵ѡУһƥɱĺ
š졭һǿõǿߣԱһһܡ
ȡʮʤһսһٻܹŽУ
֮ǰ˭ҲûԤϵġ
Ҳˣ˿̵Ŀٿ̨ϵѰʱĿⶼѴ𾪵
Ҳ϶һ϶ݾڵ޵ߣǿľ
չֳսĺֱڣűǹע
ʱ䣬ӳսʱʽ򣬵ڼŲһʱѣһ֣Ѻ䶯ȫ
ٶ֮죬ͷ֮ͣĿࡣ
ϯϣ΢΢һЦһ˴۽簡
ͤǳ鴤һ£̧ȡ¡ľ˺Ӯˡ
æҲϹµģֻû뵽Ҳˣֿɱ⡣
ͤûˣ˾ˣΪ䲻𡣡
ݷЦ
׼۴ﶼԸпһȷʵһƥǶеĺ
ŽеԽ󣬾ͳеսʤĽһΪʯı硣
ףһʮʤ󣬲δ뿪̨Ҫս𣿡
˳Ծ֣Ѱ̨ϡ
һʱ䣬ĿҲȥ
ŽжĶ֣˭ðȻս
ܶڲսȴǿߣжһɬ
׿Ӱ˰ռ̨Ǹеѹ
ŽиߣðһȹŽиǿĽһؿڶһơ
Ҳãͤǰԣʱһսʮɿܻ᲻أ
Ҳ˲ץסᣬ˵׼ܽܣ
ȻӦ˵Ļûã޵ǰս
ѣͱ̨ϵѰܡ
λ
ҧʧˣ޷սǣսûУμʲô۵ѡΣ̸ʲô
һϯһһЩĲսһͷ
ˣվսΪηսʲôʱгͷ֮գ
ϣ
һʱ䣬ս߳ĻĿᶨ
ҲǱ͹ƻ󣬶ѡεĹ±ܣлȥսˡ
͵ڸȡĻᣡ
һʱ䣬֪Ѱڵ̨׿ӰڵҲս߶ϡ
ݵеĹս߼ˣҲڴ
ǿΪ
ͤݷ˵˼ˣ޲ͷ


1887 ˿ɼ
һˣսǿߵûУעһӶǸҷϡ
ͬһ޵棬Ҫڴ֮ϸһֱǳ룡
£ս߰ѪţһĻȻҲٸд
ǿߣˣ
ѰԴҲ⣬ʤܹʶ鵽ٵ֮
ʱУʮ̨һһҵĶԾ
еƾУʷ׳ʡ
еĴݿ࣬ġ
еҡ
еġ
ΨѰ̨ϣһֱֳһַ
Ǿʲô֣ʲôݣʲôܻᱻܡ
Ҫô䣬Ҫô䡣
ѰʼգһɽȻݵ̬
˵ĸоһ仰
ȵÿ£
ʱţʱ
Ҽ̨һֱܵǿߣֻʣѰ׿Ӱʯ¡ˡ
Ҳ˵һѡοʼڣ̨̤㣬һˣֵ
УıУΪ˭âɽĳһε׿ҫ
׿ӰһѩݳڵŮӣһϮ£̷󣬱֬
ݾһȺ
׹塣
յġǹ磬Σ˵ǳ뻯񻹲ܽܡ
ͳһ׿Ӱı֣˲֡
ʯ¡һλϱʥѾ£ݣݾһĳϡ
ڵһѡеı֣˴һ
оʥڵǿߣܣ
Ҳʱʯ¡Ϊ¶ԭλϱһʥڵĴڣ
Ѱһƥɱһڸסʯ¡Ĺâ
Σʯ¡ҲݾڵһŴѰͲһˣڴ֮ǰ˭Ҳû˵ݾСһһɫ
û뵽졢Žжᱻһһܣ
սʱ
ѻöʮʤ޽΢ʪɫףһЩѪܵ˿ڣˣδش
׿Ӱöʮʤ϶ԣƸһЩɫ԰͸Ϣ΢üһ˿ƣ
ʯ¡öʮһʤĴֹۣһ۶򱬣ԡѪ˺ۡ
˭ʯ¡Ѽֲ̫á
ѰöʮʤҲΨֱ˳Ⱦɫûб仯Ȼɡ
˶еԾ֪Ѱ͹ŽмսҲ͸ɱ϶ԣӦøŶԡ
ƫƫأȴΨһһ˵ģ
һǿò
ͤױпʱ벻С
֣ɲܸһҵһеģΪ̵Ĵˡ
ݷ˾
ԱһЩ׼ԭҲĶ£һ뷨ܽһɢԼУȻá
ݷ˵ĻǶЦ
ֻǺݷˡ¶ԴԸ
ʱһһš
ڴڼ䣬ҲһЩǿӱһЩ̨ϻʮʤ඼ѡֹ֣ûսȥ
ֻǣЩʮʤǿߣٺ䶯϶ԣȴ޷Ѱ
ֹһյʱ䡣
ʯ¡ں͵ڶʮλּսʱ䣬Ϊ֮ٸɺԡ
䣬ս߳˿塣
һλϱܹս˿̣Ѿ˲õ׳٣
ʯûãһ̨ϣ׿Ӱڻܵڶʮλ֮ǫ́
û䣬ֻΪ֧Ųסսȥ
뿪ʱĿ⿴˿أսĳֿ˿Զֱ˿Ҳ˵ѰӿһĨʡ
գҡҡͷ̾һתȥ
ˣʮʤ󣬻̨ϳսǿߣֻʣ˳Ѱˣ
ѻʤʮ
ѰҲѻʤʮ߳
ֱ˿̣ȫսе𺳣Ѹ޷ݡ
ʵû뵽һѡζѣ˼ģƾ׵һĻ
ǿ鴫
һϵš
˭Ȱ󣿡
˶ڽŹע
ͤݷˡҲߵ̨ϡ

һǴðģ
սʱҲѸеƣʵǣһ̨ϵѰһֱˣ
Ա˿̵Ǹۣ̫ˡ
ҾͲˣ
۾죬ҧأڼš
εľԳ֮Ŀܸı˳Խ
ʮĳ
ʮ峡
ùս߽𺳵ǣۿ;ƿ״̬ĳ½ֻ֡
ǲǿ͵Ķս̬֪ǿΪ֮



֪˭Ĵһӵȼ˹սĵԸŴΪ
ԶԶһеĹŽа߬ȭͷ
һ̨ϻʮʤδսȥĸ򲻽գ֪ˣǷҲüһ£
ϥ˵׿Ӱһӣı֣벻ѡ
ֻǣ𣬳ﻹǼֲסˡ
ʱ
ս˿̣ѱƴеǱܣեһеڵʮ߳սûпʼǰֻһתʶԼĲսˡ
ǿƣת̨
Ŀⲻ⿴Զ̨أڶսѰʱжӿһִܡƵĸо
һðİ
ĿóӰһ£ȫҲȻֹÿ˶¶
վǱǽһһ뿪ˡ
Īеʧ䡣
ע⵽һ̨϶ԾѰʱһ;㵡
ΪڣȻûиˣ
ûһ飡
ԺжðͬһͷһѵǸ޵׶𣬷ǿʢ
ǫ́ɲͲһ
˴С
ʤʮһӮʮɺܴ󣬾Ϳܷ˳ĳɼˡ
Ҳͷ
˶е˼ǣʱУǽŵĽһɺ֮ǰһһһսߡ
ûиˡ
Ҳû¶κγļ
ֱȫʧĿȫѰϣ񲻿ɺĴɽ㣬̨
ʮĳʤ
ʮ峡ʤ
ʮʤ
Ѱʼ͵ʮ߸սʱȫйսѹõһ̱׺䶯
ΪѾ˳̨ȡõս
û뵽ƥȡ֮ǷζţһѡУѾԳǵ֮ĵһ
ͤꡣ
ֻ۵ѡεĵһ
ݷһ
ݵһ۵ѡΣֹнУݾڵУҲڽš
ɼˣݷһ仰ѵϿѰ⡰ݵȡõĳɼ
Ŀǰԣѿ˿ɼ


1888 ޵Ƕôį
ڵʮ߳ԾУѰȡʤʱݵڣǱóļž
˶һɫ
ͤݷǣҲ޷ƽ
֮ǰΪ׿ҫ۵ĳҲֹڵʮ߳Ծʼ֮ǰ
ѰһʤѺشƳ¼ΪĿǰΪֹΨһһȡʮʤһֱ̨ϵĵһˣ
֮ǰκ˶û뵽ġ
ţȫ䶯Ȼڡ
һ̫ˣ
˼С
۵ѡ֮ǰǿõǿУгйŽСҲ׿Ӱ
ΨûѰ
ڣƫƫѰһ벻˹ŽУ½׿Ӱս
˭ܲ⣬Ծ
һƥɱʱ⣬ʶһǿ̬˭ţ
ɫ㱡
ˣұĳ۵ѡεһˣһҵѺ˽ȥһ¡ȫˡ
˿ɥض㡣
ʱŽС졢׿ӰЩҫһҲɫӡ
ÿһ֣Ψû㵽нһһݽɫɱ
ҵ̬ٲȻһ
ǶԣĪ
ݷˣҵˣղ°
ͤп
ݷͷҲһ󷭹Ծǿղյ£ܵȫԸȥȡ
˶ҡͷ
ʱĻῴһɢޣʵ򼫿ܾһǿ
ݾڵڶͳҪΪˣǺ
к䶯۵ѡεƵ˼㣬ȫĿ⼸ȫѰϡ
ֻȴƻȻ̨ϣȴš
ɣҪսȥ
һЩսߴһ
Ҳһ궯
ҵǺܺ棬ֵܼʲôʱ򡣡
Ҳкܶܣ¶ڴ֮ɫ
սУЩо﷢࣬һߣĻдʵĻ᣿
Ҳ˲аΪʱȥսѰһĺûᡣ
°ˣҲᱻǹע
һʤˡ
ԻԼ쳹񷣡
ûãѰĵʮ˳ԾĻ
û⣬ѰӮˡ
̨ϵȵÿ£ŲƵɽ񻹲ܹ
ʱУһһǿ߲а̨ѰԾ
ҲһЩԭͰѰµǿߣ֮ٶȳ̨
ϧȫˡ
һһսʼĻݵеĻȻҲǲڶ
ֻǵ˺ǶѾһľĸо
Ѱ̫ˣ˵ĸоᱻ塣
У֪жƲ⣬ڵڼԾȫʵ
ʱơ
۵ѡοʼĵʱѰ̨ϻʮʤ
ڵ߸ʱõʮʤ
ڵھŸʱðʮʤ

ݵڣս񶼴ͣľ
ʲô𺳡Ծ죬ʲôܺšȫûˡ
ֻʣһ֡¡ĸо
ֱѰõھʮųʤʱսеЩսߣҲȫ
⻹ô
֮ǰ˭ΪһһͻĴ֧ŲסÿһΣ֤Ǵġ
֮ǰ˭ΪԼǸлܽһ˶ȫѹܣ
ֱ˿̣ЩսٲĴңһʱҲðȻǰȥս̨ϵѰ
棬һӱùļž
̨ϣѰȻɷĹˣȴ˸ǰԾ
սϯϵǶһ㱣ݵһڣ˭ҳƵһ
ʱһһš
̨ϣսϷΨѰ̨ϣĵģһսҲûˡ
Ǿʮųʤ֮µƣ
ͤݷǣ˼⣬ߴͳĺĴ˷Ужٸܰ쵽һ
ǵһѡΣڶѡУһƥɱĺֻ˵ı֣
Ψ
ΪԸĻһʸ񲻱زμһ۵ѡΣ
̨ϣѰȴãҲսʱĿ⿴̨
չȿԼսҲȥ̨սˣ
ûԼһ£
ѰиðͷͲ̨ϣڶսһǿߣԶɫ΢䡣
֣Ͼͽʮʤ̧֣
˽
֣һѡΣҶսѾϿɣɲܲǻ·
˷
һʱ䣬Щ̨ڼɱǿߣͣжһ˿
ȫ㵣սнȻƣһųʲôˡ
ѰǶײس鴤һ£ҡҡͷˣǼ
˵ţֱ뿪̨
̨ϵǿظ㣬һֱĿѰӰʧݵʰ˼ʼɱ
һڲսˣ
ݵڣ໩Ȼ
ǸߴʤҲɿһսĶ֣Ҳֻܾʹ뿪
˸п
ֻʤķʽ£޿ɺ޿ƥУֻѡԷǲ֪ڶѡοʼʱһܹ߶Զ
¶ϣ֮ɫ
ڶѡΣڴڵġɽĻ
ʱݾڲͬĵһѡӱǿߣԻһС
ңʱߴͳĴҲ֣
ʱ򣬲ݵ۵棬Ҳעʣ
ʱ۸ۣҲҪȥɽһһᱻ˻ܡ
˶Ծ
ʮųʤսݾڵĵһѡУ¶ָ
ͤݷˡˣǿҵԤС
ƾһ֣֮ǵڶѡοʼʱעֵƽӹˣ
ݵззۺѰ޹ء
뿪һ˷ؿջ
ʮųսʶ˾ʮλͬƿصĴۻĸ
ʶһأͿʼޡ
ԺУŵġܻý硱ġ޷족ġŽеġĻ
ֵ̬֮Ϣϡȫ糱ˮӿѰͷ
ֱµġ׵۳ǡ׼ۿġǧӰ׼欵ġʮ硱չڴġڤ·
йڵ֮ĸ򣬾ڣѰ
֮
ƿصĴΪ۶ɵ翪ٳһ磡
֮ƷԽߣ޵߶ԴƿؾԽǿսʱӳԽ¡
Ѱ̤ʥ֮󣬱ƾԴƿأ۳֮򡱣ֻȴֻһģĳΡ
ҲǴʱֱһʱһֱڴĦе֮İأΪľ۳һԲΨһĵ֮
ڣͷĸ£Ѱ㣬ȻȻأʼʹġ֮򡱡



1889 ǰ
ˡ
Ƶĳε֮Ѱǰ۶ʱĴԨʱبŲ¯
ƥĴ㣬˸ӿ
񷡢ˮ𡢲ֳ̫޷ɢϢ֮ʢͬǿ߾
УѱѰ½ƣʶݻᱻţҲᱻ
ʱѰתΪһƬƵĵ֮򣬿ʼ¡¡ĺ
һߣھܴʹĥ
Ѱе򣬾ⴸһһ֮
ͼ
ĵ֮ٿ֮䣬һ֮µɳǣԡԣ¥Ρ룬ͻ͡
ûãֻӰص޾
ţΪʮ磬ÿһƬԳʥ󡭡
һ̬Ȼǡ׵۳ǡǧӰʮ硱
ڽʱУѰĵ֮½ӳֳ̬ͬĻڤ·ȵȡ
գ׳ʵһĻĻع״̬
Ҳһ̣Ƶĳε֮Ȼһּµļž֮УĵǣϢ
ͣ
ѰУ糹ױǳڱܵʹһͷ쳹
䣡
뼫¼žĳε֮򣬿ʼ˵ı仯Լ仯һĴԨ
֮֮ƿû񷣡
ϸʱԨȴֳ¯̬ب㲻ĳϢ
¯¯ԨԨ
ƣһжع鵽ԭ㣬ɸ˵ĸоȴһִɰƣƻȻɣ
Ѱת֮Уӳ֣ХˮǬ֮䣬֮أвϢɢ
һļµĿֲϢҲ֮ɢ
䣡
ڷܵĽܵҵĻζƳܲסǵȿֲϢѹȡ
ѰֳһĨЦ⡣
ԭֳ״̬ĵ֮ɵز
֮ǿƷ֮ߣȫͬն

Ѱһ֮ٿȻʧ
ϧվһԲز
Ѱ˼⣬ҲѾ㹻ˣɱ׼ʱ״̬ĵܱ֮ǵɾĵ֮Ӧ޾κͬˡ
Բĵ֮Ѱ񻹲ҲǷԼĵ֮
ѰԤУٰͥġ۵ʢᡱĻʱƿȵ֮Ŀ
ϾͥȻĵ̣ô߹֡

ѰԾ޵ͬʱڣѽҹ
һ۵ѡѾ
ǧսУֻнʮ˶ʮʤ˳˽ڶѡεʸ
ɴ˿֪Ǻε֮ҺͲпᣡ
ʧߣ˵õһЩ̾Ϣʽ
ʤߣΪĿҫ
Ѱ׿ӰŽС졭һ֣֪ٺ䶯
УĿģѰٰġһ
һˣʮʤս˸ƣ޵з緶
εǿ󣿹Žкҫۣɾ֮սҲֻǽһǰ˭뵽
һأһ֣ȣ޿ɺ޿ƥУȵÿ£
ģ֪͸ڽһע
ۡȻڵɼÿ̸۵ѡεǿߣעƲһ֡
֮һһ׳ˣѣһˣһ貴գ֮ϡ
֮Աȣ˴β۵ѡεǿߣԶȻʧɫ

ʱƣڶʱ۵ѡμݵչ
ֻڵһ죬ڶ췢ʮ̨ϵսԵЩƿɳ¡
ʵҲܹעЩҫڵһ˳ˣõý۵ѡξԵûǰ㾫ˡ
ңѰĺȻҲУɴ඼ȡʮʤ󣬾ѡͣս
˵ѰսɼǺͳ׿ӰЩȣԵѷɫ١
ڵڶĻʱжʮʮʤӵвμӵڶѡεʸ
һ֣ǡһ
նûгݵٲȻһƵģ̸ĸǿߣܻᱻԱһ¡
Ҳˣõ̵ʶѰǡʮʤķǺε֮ء
죬۵ѡμĻ
Ҳǵһѡεһ죬֮ǰ۲սʧв۵ǿ߶ƴֶκ
õһ۵ѡΣǾ࣬Ҳࡣ
գʮͨʮʤǰĽʮӵ˽۵ڶѡεʸ
ʮѾ٣Ҫ֪ǧսѡζ̭˲ųɵĲߣ
Ҳһ죬ݵڣͤݷ˵λ׼۾ͬǵһ۵ѡεİ֮
һ
ףǵһռͷɧһ޶
ֻһվֻǵĵһ
Ѱ֪ݾڣĵһʮ
ңĵһҲֻ۵ȵһѡеһѡ
ʶѰ̸ж༤
ڲ۵ѡʱ͸ûʤܹȡðף֮⣬Ҳ֮С
Ѱ˲
ټݵУǺ䶯̾ꡢݡ
һ㡣
ͤǶпѡ
ڴ֮ǰ˭ϵ۵ѡεİףһƥɱĺ
ʮʤ
սѿǾ׵׳٣
Ҳһ죬ѰٰġһΪǰ׵Ϣ籩㣬ϯУɢ˷
ڽʱУһҲǽݾԽԽĳУԽԽ޵֪
һУѺѰ޹ء
ʱѾͳŽС׿Ӱʮһһ𣬸ͤˣһ뿪ǡ
ڶ۵ѡΣڰºĻ
صݵһͳڵġɽ
ʱݾʮ۵ѡнǿߣԻһ𣬺ߴͳĴһչڶ۵棡
СѣֻҪԸ⣬ұ֤̺̾һĴˣӵԼиأÿа˰ԼԴ֧֡
ңֻҪκҪǷӦȫȥȡ
ǰɽ·ϣݷҵѰ֮飬ٰ֮£ϣѰ̡
̬ȱϿҺȳһͬеĳ׿ӰŽжЩζ
ǰ׵Ĵ
ۣΡ
գѰǾܾˣȻ֪ݷĺֻǣעٰܻš
Դˣݷʧ֮࣬ǿ񣬼ᶨ˵Σһȡģ
ԣѰһЦʱ̫أҲһյ鰡


1890 ¥
ɽ
λݾ֮أΪݵһͳڵ֮̾أɽȻһһɽء
ɽ֮ϣһǣΪݾڵһǣʢ֮
Žʱ۵ĻҲÿ춼Ϻ޵߷
˳ģռؼ㣬޵߲ӿ룬óпջǧ״
뿪İѰǵִڡ
Ϊʸڶ۵ѡεǿߣרڳΪЩǿ׼֮ء
ڶ۵ѡοʼʱѰЩǿ߾ͻӳгǰɽ

ǡ
һ׵ͥԺ
ΪǰףͥԺרΪѰһ׼˿ɾܲȴˡ
ڶѡοʼʱϷרǰǣڴڼ䣬ǿл
ͤźһУҴҶȥ
ֿڣ
ѰͥԺţǰݷá
ԭǸߵѣ𣿡
ѰͥԺţͼ⡣
ڶѡοʼвʱ䣬ֲô˻ᣬʶʶǵķ𣿡
Цʡ
ڵһѡʱ䱻ѰܣжѰʵҲ̾ѣ˽ύ֮ġ
ףԭҲڡ
Ѱ𸴣һϮ۵âɽ˳͹ŽС׿Ӱһ𣬳
ͼǰѰЦ֮ǰҽӵϢ˴ݾڵһѡеһЩ񶼻ڴǡ¥ڡ
ңյЩ߳ǿߣһǰۻᡣ
д£
Ȼ
ͼŽС׿Ӱͷ
ݾڣҲһҫ۵һǾʥΪμľۻᣬǺܳ顣
֣㿴
Ŀ⿴Ѱ
£ȥʶһҲá
ѰЦ
ŽеҲЦˡ
Ѻ͸һѰڵһѡչֳս۷
²˳٣ھȥɡ
ﵱȴ·
·ϵʱѰ֮ǰݾڵĵһѡΣʮս
Ǿ֮һ
Ѱǲսİס
ˣŸսУһһİס
˴ڴǡ¥ٿľۻᣬɡǡսİĽ
Ľ
ݾһϹŵĴѪᣬʥԲΪ
ݴţʱչ¶츳ݾߴͳһ¿á
Ϊ˽УߴͳĴ˲֪ٴΣҪ巽ϵż̤ơ
գĽǾܾˡ
ʶĽŻڵһѡС
ĽʱŽǻٶ¶һ˿ɵ
ݺܴһ硣
ǵҲֻһѡ
ĽһݾڶΪҫۣͬе̳
ճǵ˵ĽҪߴͳĴ˶Ҫǿᣡ
ԴˣѰķӦƽҲ˵һ·Цų˵ۡ
ҲѰס˼ˡ
ƿ£ˮճǲսףƿص֮򡰷ƿĽѶá
ǣǲսףƿص֮򡰾ɫáһǧźĻޡ
ˡ
սеİҫƥڲμӵһ۵֮ǰĺ

ҹĻʮ֡
ռعģǧɸߵ¥ڣƻͨʹӡŮ紩Ƶģ¥ڴ
Ѱһ˵ִʱ¥ڣ߲ڣѻӰսİסҵĺᡢԳϯС
λϵģĽ
촫
Ѱ̧һͼһۣ߹ڲˣλã֮䣬ˡ
Ȼ˾ǲǲսİסĽ
ˣڴλãԲͬսĶŮռһϢ޲֮
ڸָ£ҲѰϳ˸սİ
ˮճǲսƿ£һϮۣòſ㣬Ӷȣ
սǣոУϢˡ
ÿһףжصƣǲ޷ڡ
ԴˣѰֻɨһ̸ۣ϶⣬ɵʳս׺ʱӶʱ΢΢һС
Ϊж˲ãںԱߵŮӣѰһӾϳ
ǵһѡʱŮԡ¾롱ϮѰձѰˡ
ʱѰͻɣԷԺڰ磬ӦûϳԼݡ
Ѱû뵽ǣŮӾҲˣ
ߣ
ŮҲע⵽ѰԹ֮ɫһš
ŽУǵĸֿˡ
λϣĽЦӭһʱĿҲ۵Ѱϡ
һʱ䣬ԭֵգð١
֡
͹ŽҲЦż
һΪսİףȻ֮˭룬ɱһƥ
Ľ˵ţĿѿѰǣ֣λǻþʮʤĽһǽʶһ¡
ʮʤ
һ
УÿսİԼǿߣȻҲ˵˴¡
ǰۻᣬҲҪһһǺηʥǷʵ
֣λǽһѡ
óһЦŽѰֵս֮ǿҵȽ̾ѣô˾ۻᣬҲġ
£ĿⶼۼѰϣһ¶桢˼֮ɫ
ʮʤȾսע٣ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һƽ档
վǣһʯ㣬ƽ֮⣬ֵĿĵط
ĽҲЦĽѣĴڳЩ˿ɶ׹
˵ţѰϯϸɫˮͼȡ
֮ˣݾڵ޵ߣǰûм棬Ҳ˵Է
ΨѰһǰǶû˵ֵȴǵһѡдŹʣһȻע⡣
ûãһЩǿǰƣн̸
Ѱһһ֮ԡ
һ࿴һĻĻжпǾʮʤ۵
ǰ˵ڣĸ֣
ѰɫĿܵһڶﾴƵĴ
ݺܴ󣬽ޱȣ嫽壬ڶ࣬ǳ
ʮսİףҲֻʮѡ
һͬľڣһﶼòӵľս
룬ʮսİУҲֻнһһȡս
ǽһ
Ѱ˶ʱԱߺȻһͳ
Ѱ̧ͷͼԶʳսİ׺룬ĿӸ°㿴ϡ
ںԱߣŮӰоƱ¶Ц


1891 ѹ

˵ģǺ롣
Ųۣ·ϻɺƣͶ֮䣬תһĹžӳڱ
ǲǰףƿءӳ¹ž֮򣬺ųһһ֮أУھ׵࣬ɼ
һڣΧ˶ʱ죬ֵҲһ
ںѰǿߣҲʶԾڨڨ˺󣬲˶¶η֮ɫ
֣̫Ⱥ塯ᣬʵһΪǿƥ֮ĽҲѷɫʲô
ɿ촫
壬䲻ߴͳɵȴޱȣħеͳ֮һ
Ǵľʮ֮һڳǿ߶Դžη
£
Ѱ¾Ʊڡ
һָԱǺŮӣúأڲμӵһ۵ʱȴˣˣҲˣδ̫ݣõĴҲش̫ˣ
Ӻ䣬һڵӿҪ˵ꡣ
һ궯Ŀ˸˭Ҫҽһ˵ģ
ôߴңá¾롯͵ϮĳŻᱻһ˵ģ
ѰɫȻɡ
¾룡
˶¶ɫޱȵıֻкڰƳ
۵ѡοɲûй涨ʹñ
ߣɫ
Ѱڵ۵ѡҲûй涨˶ֵĴΪˣҪҽĳʦ
ɫһжӿɱ
֮վһҪóһҲҪ̽һѰĵϸ
ֻû뵽Ѱ̬ȾǿӲ
Ѱͺ뷢ìܣԱߵĳʱü룬˴ξۻɲΪ㱨˽ġ
ԹԸվһȥ׶ˣʲôʸ˵
벻м
ɫʱѿ
Уƿ¡ǵȾɫζԽԲִ¡
˵Ҳ֣֮һѰ͡
ң޿֣Ͼݣǵĵ̣һ˵ֻһɢ޶ѡ
Ľ֣ܷ̾ĳһӣ
ԣȻһͷǸôڴ˵أʱΪ
Դͱˡ
ĽһҡͷٶȰ
ξۻ˵𣬿ҲΪһһȥ롣
϶ԣһЩ˶ԣһİߣľ
˭Ϊһˣȥ£
ѰĿɨӳУΨ룬Ȼλִ¸ãʲô飬˭˭ҽһĵˡ
һ仰ò˶¶Ź֮ɫһ￴ƽ棬ɿȴܴ
̲סЦһʮʤİɸһս
̬
նɱ
ѰϵľˮһԳ˵ľۻᣬ̫ģĳҪһ뿪ˡ
˽æվ𣬵Ҫ뿪һǡ
Ҳܲʹ졣
ߣͬ𣡡
ɫһ
Ŷ
ѰȻЦˣ֪˵ľ˰ɣ
֪
۾һɣŭڣ嵱ʮ֮һͷΣݣ˭˵
ѰԣҲǽеɱ׼
ɽ㱬ɱӺֻһڵʵƵģ䣬Ҫ˶ɡ
Сģһ
ǽ֪Աͱֻ֮Ҫ֣˭ס
Ѱٶԣֻһֻ֣һѹ
¡
һεĻɬ͵ؽ٣̫ɽѹںϡ
Цȣһɫ۹ĵۣһڵ
ħ죡
һĵУȫתһһٽѰѹ
ϡ
һľֻ˲ѣͺȻ飬ֲѹȶ£׽ϵĻ飬صһֱӽѹſϡ
Ͷأ
涼͵ؾһ
⡭
ڳ˽¶ɫһʵǶһ֮ǿƥܹڵһѡгΪףǿ
ھһͱѹ
ǱһֲĴӴˣɾ㱻ѹ̫⡣

߷񣬷
ħһ㣬ӿ֣һڹžɢֲϢϧûѣѹȵ嶼һ棬ӡһΡ
һĽƿ¡ǵȰ¶ݡ
һǿ
ҪһЩΨǵ˸սѰ˵ǾʮʤǸߵսҲᷢ
Ƶģ
ȫţѻȸ
ѰĿ⸩Ӻ룬Ҫ뿪ͬ𣿡
Ȼ
ֻǣ˿ĿⶼǱˡ
ͬΪףѰȴֻ־ͽѹҲˡ
Уö¾룬ҺܻɣһǷѾͺڰ繴һݾݲˡ
˵գѰתȥ
ʼգڳЩνľ
Ҳæϣһ뿪
žĴУֱ˲عƵģ¶֮ɫ
ʮʤĽһǿ
Ǵ˿̣ҲʶѰǿ
ֻȴ˺룬һܣֹǵ棬ò˶ãǶ֪ѹ飡
ĺǣѰһϯֱӺǺͺڰ๴ᣬֻȥ
ݾ޵ߣοһ壿

Ȼڵ죬¥еʹ˴Ǻ䶯
֪ڶѡξͽʼڻݾڲ֪޵ߡ
£Ϊʮ֮һĺ룬ͬΪ׵Ľһֻ־ѹβԾ
һʮʤľһһɢޣĳ֣ע۵ѡε
Ǻ룬ò׵õİһӾͻ˽һ¡
죬ѼһȫϣҪע

Ǻ䶯ˣ¡
ڡ
һרΪ׼ɽϡ
ˣĶ֡
̵ĺĴл껨иյϢ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ѿͷ˰ɣһһ˲õ
ݷһ࣬룬ӵеʵԲ֮¡
л껨ЦЦǸãֶ̫۵ȿɾ̫û˼ˡ
һϮɫѣڷ٣¶һŰӣһǳһƵɫ޳Ӱ£ӳĵչƻá
㰡ǲ
ݷ̾ȵڶѡʱۼı֣ͻףȥ߹ӣΪ


1892 ҹϮ
ô߹֡
л껨һô˵ҵʶһһء

ǣΪڵһֳ˰ףͿԵſˣںˣֻѹ
ڣһɽϣһͯЦڡ
ģСͯӣȴһھ޽żǵâ
ͼ
Ħ콣ŵ洫һˣһޡ쾭Ŀţͯʵһս׺Ľʥ
ԱߣһЩĦ콣ŵĺĴˣһ࣬ɫžη
ͼЦŸյϢһҲͦ˼ܹͬʮʤһܼįɣ
ЩĦ콣źĴ
ң֤į
ͼ۵Сָ°ͣЦа
ֻǣһ޽ȴʱʱ̿ˣͯӵļһﲢ򵥡

һɢޣȴǣô˵һʮУӦùעĲĽһ
½¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ӰŴۣһΨһ䡣
ݾڣûм֪½֮ġ
ױչ¶ɣڵ;֮;һ·ҡ֮ϣƾսްܼ
кΪ½֮ţԿԳݾһһʥ
ֻǣ˿¶뵽ݵ½һ
ʦ֣ӦùעļȲĽҲǽһ۵ȽʱԵڼݣǰݲμͥһٰġ۵ʢᡯ
ԱߣһŮˮö½˿˿ƵĳĽ
½ȻЦʦ̫ˣ۵ȣǻӿֳ
ע޷ʦȡ
Ů
½Ц㰡һҶĿ̩ɽ
˭Ҷǰÿһʲô̩ɽ
ŮӳԳЦ
½һʱ׹ʦǰԼҶӡ˰
дЦˣͲʲôĽһˣʦ˿ңҿ϶Ҳʧ

ܺĽһǵǶ˵Ǽһ
һɽϣһһƻɫҹɫںһ
ɫ絶丫̰ǷһͫһƻƵĻҰ
ǣڰеףһļµļϢ
Աߵ顢Թ˳ͷпЩѹ֡
Ϊ꣬ͣ
һչڵ۾ϹŶĹŵӣһĿһʵġ֮ʹͽ
ǰ顢Щʹߡȫֻܵͷ
ھʥΪʱͱһ֮ɱһ׼۾
£֪ˣҵĻһַǶ˱𡣡
˵꣬Ͳٹע¡
һۣ¶м֮ɫлʹ

ѰͺһսϢһҹ޵С
ߴͳĴˣҲ
л껨ͼ½ȵȡ
ֻ˵𾪣½ЩϵͳĺĴˣԵԺܵ
ڵĽ޿Ǭǣڵ֪ЩϢʱһȻӡ
ǺѰӴܶ࣬ҲѰʵж¡
һ붼򲻹ǲŽЦ
¹أ
Ȼʵ
Ŷִֵ֪ǣһʱ뿪ˡ
˴۵
£̫ŵϵĴѪᣬ֮󣬸ں磬Ƕ⽾ӡ
ǽһǰŮǫ˳βп

ǡ
ҹɫīԼסʱѰ֣ⷢһϮ£ƵĽ£ѵȺ
ӡ
Ѱ¶ϲ֮ɫ¶һĨߵĲЦݡ
ѵȺˣ
ѰЦʡ
µҲǸյ
߰ɣȥ˵
ѰĻῴѵȺʱ
ҲΪдϵһŮεȵĹ°壬ɶԴԼʱѱСұƵˡ
ӣҴʱǰңЩϢ
ͥԺ󣬽¾óһ˫ֵݸѰ
УŴ˴ߴͳУ뵽ڶѡεĵصעһЩ
ڵ½̵л껨Ħ콣ŵͼ񵺵͡ڵԪ͵ȵȡ
ϱϸЩԸΪԼɼһϵռϣλƽҲǻ˲˼
£ȥʱƽ̵л
Ѱ򣬶
µ˵ͷ
ȻóߣʼΪѰ裬ӣǰ˵עһ¿񵺵ͣ˵ܲ򵥣βμ۵ȣܻ顢˱𡣡
Ѱ΢УʱȻ
ͣӦҲչ֮ˣ
˽裬һǡ
Ѱ͵ǰĿһĨԼٻӰԶȥջĿ⣬Ȼزأٲɱֽĳ
£ҰžӦ
Ѱָһ

һƽٿȻӳնԶֵҹɫӰС

ͼҹɫӰٿȻӳһӰܿһƽȻʶϷ٣ʶ
һ꣬ҷ٣ݡ
Ϣ֮Ѱһ˲ͱϳһλ׼۾ڣ
˵ʱһӣʱһƬתһǣ硣
ѰйŹ֣ԭҲôģȴû뵽ϼһﾹǰôˡ
·ˣ֮ǰܷ֪˭ģ
Ѱʡ
־ܣҾ͸㡣
ɫƣѰÿһƾͷųһ֡
ֱŲ¾ɭɭ׼۾ĿֲϢ糱ˮɢ
ѰȴƻȻֻȶ֣ˡ
Щ⣬ü򶨣ĪΪУܾ㣿
о֣
ѰЦˣ־ܣ̾͸㡣
͵ЦװŪ
ৣ
ӰٿȻʧԭأһѳѰǰ֣̽ݵָѷƥĽУſֲ׼۷Ѱʺݺץȥ
ò˼飬ҲԵ˼£
ʨӲãȫҲ֪ܵʱ䣬ʶһ֣ȫ
ű˵һһߴͳеĺĴˣҲעסԼһ
ֻǿϧѰĽһ
ڿָץʱһ¯Ԩĵ֮ٿȻӿֶ

ȫһ˻Уˡ
Ծǣ׹ԨһɿֲݺݹЮţ׹Ҫק
ã
ɫ䣬û뵽ԼΪڲ֪ͱˡ
Ǻεȵ֮


1893 
һʥȴϢ֮䣬Ե֮һȫͻ׼ס
̫˼顣
һ̣ͱһֲ
ĺǣ֮ڣ׹Ԩֲ׼۾ƾŬ޷
곹׻ˣȻһʥܹӵе
䣡
룬ֻǰһڣһ˾ͱݺѹڵϣڱѪ
Ұ±ʱͼǵ֮ѲڣΨнһǰڱдһĨεļڽ
סоһ˵Ļ
׼ۣȻʥ֮ϣ޽ӽڵ۾˵ɱѰʥɱʥҲڻ¡
ڣȴˣһʥ׾پͽһ׼ѹ
ȥ˭ţ
ڣҪҪ˵һ˭ģ
ѰˣȻ
룡
ŭȡ
꣡
Ѱһ̤Ƕʼѱ飬Ѫļʶ
ʹٶŤ
ϧСڣ鷳
ѰһȴһΣ˭ģ
ɫС飬ֱɱңԺݾڣ֮أ
飡
Ѱżⷢɴ˿Ԫ
궼һľ㵣û뵽Ѱô֣ôֱӾͶˡ
ĿǲǺû˵ԣϧȥ䲻֪˭ˣ϶̲סʱȻ֪˭ġ
Ѱ˵ţһӡ

ʬ廯ɻң
һУѰתͥԺȥ
飡
ƬĽ㣬ɢ
ҹɫīҰ
ѰͥԺǰ㣬ȴš
һ󣬺ȻѰһʧԭء
ͬʱһӰּԶ߹Ƭ̣ʹҴȥ
һӣмҴңҲûע⵽뿪ʱѰϢ׺ںߡ
̫ǹģҲ侯裬Ѳ˶κŹսһƬϽ
գһͥԺǰ롣
ԶԶأһĻѰ¶һĨͻȡ
ûٲ̽ת뿪
ѣðţһͥԺǺס
·ϣѰסһ޵ߣѯʡ
ǣ㶼֪Ǻʳǰ׺֮ء޵һıġ
ѰЦЦûмƽ϶Է̬ȣлƮȻȥ
롭Ȼһ
ȥ·ϣѰף¥ڣ뱻ԼһѹνǶ棬߳ŭ֮£˽бҲ֮С
۵Ƚñץ㡣
Ѱɱһ
ͬʱڵͥԺС
ˣղϲˣ
֮ǰѰ׷һ·ĻӣͥԺ󣬾ͻŽ
ںƾƵȴϢĺһˣ
ӵͷ»ɡղˡ
ž
оƱ׹أȴƻȻֻֽű䣬һ׼۾ڣϢرɱˣ
ǽһߣĪи
ʱ򣬿ɲǷ˸㣿
Ȼʶһ¡
ҡͷҹŽػãһ·ϲδʲôԾġ
ɫһ粻ĶЩ飬ǽһɵԼϣ
ղϳ־ˣǽһҪԸԼ
һ뵽⣬ء
ãһ£ҵΪֹ۵Ļʱһˣ

סѰûһʼ޴
ҲǴѰޣжٲݾĦ
ڴڣŵڶѡʱٽҲǱԽԽ֣޵ߵӰ
ŵ˵һʱݾڵĿ⣬ѿʼע
ʮף϶мϣͨڶѡΣˣͲ˵ˡ
ֵùעߴͳĺĴˣЩһɶǾɾ֮
˵ڶѡΣڡڽУǴڵ֮
ֹ֮ǰ򵥣дţ˵⡮ǴڿʦһƬδ֪֮ءлõı侪ˣ
ֵСϣ¥Уۺ͵ڶ۵йص顣
УڶѡĻˡ
죬ڵĳͤˣѰЩսǿټ
ǵڶѡοʼӣѡεصҴڵġ塯֮ۡ
ͤ˵ţʹѰһˣֱ뿪˴ǣǰ˳ǼԶġɽ
ͬʱĽƿ¡ǡЩսǿߣҲ½ţչж
ɽΪݾһһɽء
ɽبؼ䣬ãۻ롣
ܹش촹䣬ǧк£ӳĵһƬɽԡʥϢУبŲࡣ
ֻѰжϳڵɽҪѷɫһЩ
ڣҲݵһͳ
һͤĴ£˳ɽţַɶƬ̣ڵִһ㰻ȻΡ׳ɽǰ
Ȼͤ˵ġ塱
ۣ֮ʯ޽һ̨ɷΧƺ֣ܾ֮ء
ѰǵִʱߴͳμӵڶѡεĴˣѶǾ޴̨ϡ
ֱǣڡ̡ڡ񵺡ڡһԪ¥ϼɽ
ͤĴ£Ѱһ˱̨ϵһС
վĪҪ߶ҴƽԻڶѡεˡ
ͤɫȻضһ䣬ת뿪
㿴ǾǴڵһ½һݵĴ
ԾԾԵս⡣
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼڴڵУһۣƵǡ
ºƽɸڴ˽ӵӳĵǹƵģԵüڡ
̣ͨ˷ƾϵףΪ˲μ۵ȣѹƾ
Ѱһ۾Ϳ½ĲҲòϣʢ֮ʿ½ȷʵܲһ㡣
㿴Ǿ̵л껨Ħ콣ŵͼڵѩܡ
ˣһ˵ģжһ˿˷ܡ
Ѱ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһһϳЩ˵ľ
л껨ƻõʣͼͯӰģԸѰ̵ӡ
Ŀ⿴񵺴ڵĵطʱѰĿһʱһϡ
ӰߴһƻҰļƵģһӹ
ߣ˶ðһȺҶΪġ
ͣ
ѰԺеһʱ両ֳһ֡


1894 
ͣ
ֻʱǹ˳̬Ѱжϳչڵĵλע֮ߡ
ৣ
ѰĿ⿴ĵһʱ䣬͵ĿҲѰĿڰײ
ͷŻҺɫâһĨ˵âҪѰܣǿƶ
޵ߣĿעӣᱻŵڣη塢ֵ
ֻѰɫȻ粻㣬ջĿ⡣
ʹǽһ
һഫɫ䡣
ޱһƽ棬ʵһؼĽɫֲÿɽǶ˻ܡ
һ仰Աߵɫ
ͬʱѰҲ˽޿ǬµˣǱ˴ֻʾ⣬δк
ߴͳʱŽС˻ٶһ˿ԾԾһԡ
ǴӵһѡӱĶǵ̡ӰҪԶ½л껨ͼЩݶӺޱȵĸ
񣬱˴Ҫһ۵Ȼ⼤һЩ
ֹǣĽƿ¡ǡսǿߣҲˡ
ͬʱߴͳĴˣҲڴЩʮսѡγ
ֻǹעص㣬ֻʮϡ
ǾĽһʱܾߴͳţ̼¡
ƿ´ˣƿصĵ֮򡮷ƿƷ೬С
λĪҪ͹ǣġɫáޱһǧźĻޡ
Ǽһǽһһ۵ѡ֮ǰȴӵмĺʱ򣬾¥ڣһл˺λ
ԭǽһ
ߴͳĴ˽ڵ̸
½л껨ͼȸͳĸעĽѰ
Ľ֮Ѵݣʵҫ֮ۺ񣬱ߴͳĲٺĴ˶ǿᡣ
Ȼ˸ע⡣
ѰٰĽһһǿʢĺȡʮʤһѹͬΪ׵ĺ룬벻עѡ
˷ǹ׾ӵеĵһּĵزŻֳԻޡ񡯵ƽ֮С
½Ҳע⵽Ѱ΢΢һ˼
ϣݷ˵ǰ㣬ô߹ְɡ
л껨ƻõзƵĹ
ȻΪһп϶ܼį
޽ȴͯһͼЦģɫа
ͬʱĿҲڴѰ
ԴˣѰһֱԵúܵȻƽ
ֱԶĺҲĿ⿴ʱѰǹһĨЦ⣬Ȼ
ʱиϼһͻȻǰݷң֪£
һɫһ˵ʲôôˣ
ѰڵҲҪֻ˵ϼһĺѿ
ɱӿƲסҧһ֮ܣҿɲˣ
ɭȻɱ¶
ѰƮƮػش֣ҵ㡣
˵գٲһۡ

һ쳹⡰塱֮۵Ŀ̨Ʈɢ
նʱׯ
еĿⶼˢˢ̨߿Уߴͳƽ㡣
Ϊ׵ߣ߹ڹŷò񳣬ӿؼ䣬ǿհĺ
˱Ǵƽ̡顱
ܶǰдţ˵һ۾ɲ⡣
ڶѡΣڡչ־Ų㣬ÿһ㣬Сսꡯڡ
ЩսҪģǻЩսִ꣬ھŲ㡣
ʱһ㣡
һûеִھŲģ̭
ͳ쳹ȫòٲսжһ󷢽ҲԾԾԣڴ
Źһӡ
䣡
һͨɫӻֺ룬תŹƮԡ
˽Բ𺳡

ڵǴδ֪֮еһűĪ⣬ޱߡ
˿̾ͳƽпͳݵһͳ˱û
գǧ֮ߣƶ֮ϣһŻ쿪
ȥɡ
鿪
ಣ
û£вս̲סŲճ˽ȥӰܿ춼ʧŻڡ
ߴͳ½л껨ͼˣʮսѰĽƿµˡ
оŰˣԳǴڡ
գ׵Żպϡ
ͣ
̧֣һеȼɢһ̡
ζţڶѡѾʼ
һȼոɾҪһʱʱ䣬ڶѡξͻĻ
˿̣еĿⶼ˴
Ͳ֪˴ĸսܹһִھŲ㣬Ϊڶѡεĵһ
ʵβҪҪǣڴ˴ѡУЩսУжܳɹӱ
ƶϣᳬʮˣ
ߴͳԼǰһЩ˿̶һһ̨ڵȺ
λ˴սѶȿɲ򵥡
΢΢һЦڵھŲ㣬һһպͼѣǰھʥԲزʱԴִھŲʱҲ˽ӡ
ԣнһ
һһʱһʱСʱӾһСʱ룡
Ǵڵƽ̣ɵھʥʱŲ֮أҲôʱ䣡
˶ԱȣЩսУҲź͵ĹսͨڶѡΣ
ĻɾΣˣ
˴βμ۵ǿߣŲҵҫ۶ˣжӱҲԡ
ԽԽڴ
˵ţһӡ

ͼ⣬۳һ޴ĹĻĻϣȻӳڵľ
Űٶսߣڵһ㣬һʵڲͬؾС
ҲǴ֮
ڴʱÿһս߽ǹƽģᱻ˸ţ֮Ҫÿһġսꡱǰ߲㡣
һʱ䣬ڳеĿȫǾ޴ĹĻϣ̸˺ܶࡣ

ͬʱڡ
һ㡣
ɫɳĮޱ߼ʣȵķ籩ϯɳʵ
ɳ죬絶
Уɹ֮£ǾҵĸնŤ
Ǵһ㣬ɳؾ
ѰУоⷽؾгһɱ١ŰĿֲϢ
ֻϢ޷Ӱ졣
Ӱڿգǰȥ
ƽ̺УҲšŲһЩϡ
ʶѰҪͨɳؾڵڶ㣬ֻҪɱŸսͿˡ
ɳɳɳ
ѰжѣɳӴ͵س۳һӰͨƽɣɢĿĽɫ
ս꣡
ɢϢǿֲѿȾʥΣһ֣ƬɳĮ붯һɳ


1895 Դ
䣡
ɫɳ۶ɵġսꡱһ޴Ļƽս񣬱ɱ
ֲսϢ쫷Űǻɾƿż侪ĵ뷨
ʱһȭȭǵĻɫͷųƥĻ
Լ䣬һֿҪ֮ģ
Ѱ⡣
˽⣬սֻǡӵеһ
ڣǰս궼ɻˣ
飡
Ѱ˼ʱһưݿԷȭӰһڶԷǰȭ
Ƶı쳹ʥսֽ꣬㱻Ѱһȭ顣
ɽĻɳƮУѰüͷһ壬һصɢƬء
ӦþǴɡ
Ѱ˼
ûеʱ䣬·
ѣɳϯУһսٶ۶
䣡
Ϣ죬̤ɱ
һΣѰָһץתɵزĵ֮ĴԨٿȻսץס
飡
սӲӵľ޴ը飬ɳ
ͬʱһɻɬصƬأͱѰɡ
֮һӿѰڡ
Ѱһתķţһʱӿڣԭеġ̥ۿɼٶȾһ˿
ǺεܶԵĴ㾪˵ã
Ѱʱݡ
ΪҪҩ
Ҫشƿء
Ҫĵĥ
Ѱ񣬻Ӳ˵ֱܹΪ
̫˼顣
Դ
Ѱ
βμӵڶֿˣͲֻһֻҪͨ˾С
ڣһԵ
ɱս꣬ԾȡΪ
ߣ
ѰǰУսʱԥ編ƣڻɱֵͬʱԵ֮ǲµ
Ȼ񹬣Գ̥ĴٶȾһ˿
ȥȵִھŲʱ˵׼Ҵ塭
Ѱܡ
˷ʱ䣬ȫǰ

ڡ
ͬǵһɳؾ½Ӱ˸ٶȿò˼顣
һ·ϣÿս굲Աһ֮䣬ͺɱ顣
ȥһۣʱһ
Ϊڵĵһˣ½Ȼɱսܹȡһصżá
½ں
˵һսꡣ
ĿʱڵִھŲ㣬ȥɱھŲս꣬ΪֻеھŲս꣬ۺˣ
Ϊڴ˵ĺôܹǰ֪һЩ޷˽ĻϢ
ǹƽʵġ

ף˼
ͬʱл껨зɫҲһ֮
кô
Ǵδ֪֮еı
ץʱȡˣ
ʱƣĦ콣ŴͼڴԪ͡ȵȾҲڻɱս½Ĵڡ
һʱ䣬ЩҲĶѣ׷׿ʼȫռ
޵ߣԶԴ˻Ȼ
ǵڻɱսʱѾѹĻ뵽Щɱս󣬻һЩ
̨ۣ֮ϡ
һֱעŴڶĴǣҲһЩ֮¶˼֮ɫ
֣ЩѼʲô
̲סʡ
Ҳ¶档
Ҳ΢΢һЦԴһڴڵܼȡΪܹͲá
˶
ܹΪ
̫ˣֵ޷
֣ôֱʰ
˶п
鵭ȻЩӵܣܹݾڵǿߣʸ뵽ڶѡУѱǵĲֻóһЩԵѣ͵ҴΪЩ׼ˡ
һ˵ƯƯʮ㡣
ݵһͳĵ̣Щﶼò
쿴Ƭʱѣ½һ˵ڶ㣡
˳Ծڡ
ʱĿⶼ˹ȥǾ޴ĹĻ
½ȷ֮ȣһɱ뱦ڶؾС
֮󣬲л껨Ҳͼǿ񵺵ͣ
ﶼ⣬񵺵ˡĿⶼˡ
ֻ֪λߴͳеĵ䴫Ҳм֮඼ѷɫл껨ͼЩһЩ
ڣһ񵺵ͣ׷½֮
л껨ͼв磡
ȻֻǴٶϵĽǴȫʵɼˣ͵ıѿƾˡ
λŽһĿǰٶҲܿ죬ȴ̸ϳڣ治֪λȡʮʤģѵʵ˵
񵺵ġˡȻԴдһ˿
ԭֻǵһСﶼô⣬ɳϵǣ˿ڵĺȻڣ
ˣŸտʼѡζѣ֮ˡ
Ȼȴ¶Եζ
ЦŶҿҪúÿһֵܱúε˲𣡡
ޱ飬ᡣ
ڳ˽ϰ֮ԳںͿ֮ĶԹǶ֪⡣
ʱڵѰҲѽڶ㡪
۽ؾ
һƬ磬۽ݺύӿһ࣬Ǭ
ֲ꣬һ۽ˣƣսҪȵһǿһء
ͨ˹أҪɱ˸սꡣ
ֻϧѰԣɲһ·񣬼һ֮ڣͽ֡
ջģܼưԴ
С̥ɱ䣬ѰҲܣû뵽μӵڶѡΣĻԵ
ûٻʱ룬㡣
ǵһɱģ֮ǰ½͡л껨ˣǰִ
֮ԻˣѰᡰ̥ı仯Աƴٶȸ⡣
˼˴غѼԴϡ

ӣʮŸִġ
磬һ׼жϣҲ¶ɫ
ʮУߴͳˣҲʮսİĽһƿµˡ
Űˣ඼ֲڵһ͵ڶڡ
УһİˣڳЩƶϣһǿߣǶҪ̭ˣ
ʱƣ½ı֣дһ¹ע
½ִĲˣ
ǵһִ㣡
ˣ
ӽӵʱ򣬵½ңңȵ̬ɱʱﶼΪ֮ޡ
鶼һ⣬¶һĨĵЦ⣬⺢ӣҪˣ


1896 ȵĿ
ӣϵ㣡
Ŀǰ½ȷһȣһ
ִʱ
͡л껨ͼԪ͡Ľʮλڵս
Ĳ㣬ԼĪʮˣ롢ƿ¡ǡŽеȵɫС
㣬ԼĪİˡ
һ͵ڶ㣬ֱжˡ
һĿȻڳﶼѹڵһ͵ڶǿߣעѲͨ˴ѡΡ
ʱʼǹעģ˵ϵǿϡ
Ѵ˴β뿼˵ӵܷ࣬½һ
񵺵ƿڣ͡л껨ͼʮˣڵһС
롢ƿµˣڵڶС
٩٩̸ǵõ˲ٴĸ͡
ɺܿ죬˾ͻһתô֣ǽһǺǣǵڶеĽɫȷʵܲȫһսİˡ
һЩɫʱùŹɵӶǶԽһʵϿɣʵԴżζ
ʵϣĿǰѰȷڵĲ㣬ڻɱһ֡
ڵĺȴɫһкܲˬһǲʦСʦ壬ڮ٣
ȻҲ֪ô϶Ϊһ顢飡
һе񣬵ˣ֮ݣ˹һˣǷЩʧˣ
΢΢һЦֻʵʵ˵ѡ
Ҳ㣬ǽһˣڻڵڶУѡνʱˡ
ǾĿԴඡ
Цһø̧ܵӡ
λ쿴½ִǰٶȱ˲١
˺ȻҲɱ㣬ҿǰеٶȣгԽ½ļ󡣡
˻һȫ񶼱ȥ
㣬ΪؾֻҪĸսִ߲꣬ܵ㡣
½ѻɱڶս꣬͵սս
սͣԵü侪ˣݿɱһս֮Ѻ͵ڶսһ
ƺ͹ٶȣȷиϳ½ļƣ
Ҳ̫ǿˣˣʲôʱǿ񵺾һ˲õĴˣ
ȷʵܲ򵥣ϳһ˭İ̡츳Կƺ֮
û뵽صľ֮ˣʱˣ㻹˵˵ͣ
һʱ䣬־ȡ
˶עҲԵãһЦ㲻ʲôҲͱʤʮųĽһʤһѡ
ɲ˵½ҲͣڵĹ顣
Ѱʱȴ
úɫһ϶ԼϾˣ
Ѱʱı֣ȷǱ˦ںߣúҪȥЩ㡣
аСô
Ӻ
͡½ͬһʱ䣬߲㡣
һĻڳһ̾
ҲǴʱʼͣ½ٶԻ
ΪսǿᵽǶеѹĵز
ڵ㣬л껨ͼԪʮ׷Ҹϣɱ
ǹٶȣ֮ǰҲ١
㣬롢ƿ¡ǵʮλǿߣҲͬˡ
ڵ֮µġ
ԭֺܲ׵ǿߣҲʼеˣǰߵǿȣԽԽ
ĿǰѾȥӣҺܻɣûнǿߣǽ̭ˡ
̾Ϣ
֮£Ž˰ٶλսߡ
ÿһλսߣǴӵһѡӿֳٮٮߣһЩĳսǰʮ
սĶšʯ¡ˣڵĲ㣬⣬һʱǼִھŲ㣬ȻҲעͨ˴εѡΡ
棬ˣǵڶѡζѣҽֻݾڡ
鵭Ȼڣ磬ʮݣ;ݣݾڣԺһڽĲɸѡ
£ѰϵšŶעԵð
Ψʮݳǿߣʣ
һһڴĳ
磬̫嫺͹һ֮أСĶһ磬ݣǴ޷
ҪһУ³ʡ
Ҳ
ǧ֮ԱȣЩֻһ֮콾ȷԵð
ͽˣ죡
һޱȵĻʵب߲Ƶ
ֻϣ˴۵ϣӿֳܣܹݣȥٰͥġ۵ʢᡯϣǿչŵ׿ҫۡޡǿһȺһ
룬͸еΣʱҲ£ǿ֤ݡˣ
ԣ޲ݡ
Ŀ⣬ѳݵķ룬ȫ£ǵؽǣЩﶼۡ
⣬ݵһͳƽ̵ؽ
ͥʮս壬ټһЩǿľǡ۵ʢᡯʼʱ֪ε֮ҡ
̾
һ仰òҲ̾Ϣѡ
Ϊͬ棬ƴľڴ˾еļ˭ĸۺƿصĴ⣬ӵеǿ˭дȺӱϣ
ƽ
ףλ쿴ǵУһӣʼ½Խˣ
أ˳Ծ
֮ǰ̸˿͵ԣԶһĿ뿴㡣
ڣѰıʵ֮ǰһٶҲһûб仯
ɾֺ㶨ûб仯̬ƣȴһڴнһԾ
֪Ų㣬ֲսһһǿͿ¡
ڹǰʱѺҲڽ
ǰߵ½ͣڵִʱٶѾŻڵִ߲ʱ˼ѹٶ֮ҲøһЩ
ͬڵУ롢ƿ¡ЩˣҲƵ£ٶû֮ǰǰѸ͡
һٶʼձּȵѰԵúۣ
⣬ѺԽԽ󣬱˶ˣû
˶ԱȣĹٶȷֳһѸ͵̬ƣ
ߣñھôƴ֪ٶ˥ߵĵ𣿴ע߲˶Զ
ߡ
Ѱɳǰսԭʮþȣ˭ȴ顣
ԭΪѰĽһ֡
Ȼ⿴Ѱ˳ۡ
ҲΪ˴ѰΪ׷ϣȫƴɱעļ
ʱ䳤ˣؼ䲻
𾪵ǣʱƣѰֹԽˣִ㣬ҹٶɱ֮ǰˮ׼
ȵÿ£


1897 ױ
㣬ؾ
Ҫĸս꣬ſԽ߲㡣
˭ڵĲԽߣսսԽǿ
ս꣬εĺ۶ɣÿһӵſȾʥԲս
ңƿż侪˵ĵ뷨ǻһսֶ֮ǿʢɫ䡣
л껨ͼԪ͡Ľʮλѿݾҫ۵һڡ
ɴʱڣҲе˼ѹùٶȶͻսҲԵޱȼҡ
ȻѰֵȫһ
½롢ƿ¡ǵһһ˦ںߣִⲻƱź֮ǰһٶȣ
ùעһĻĴ¶ɫΪ֮ݡ
ʼգֳһֲ죬ս̬ٶ̸Ͽ죬Ҳ̸ɾֲĹٶȣ˾İ
дﵹ
½ͣ;ңңˣڵ߲ڣҲѹ
˷һ̫ˣӵһ㵽㣬õʱ䣬Լ̬ƣһģ̫ˡ
ƶϣҪһӵžѹʵУս꣬ȻɲǴӶ֣
һϯͬ
Ҫôһƽ̣Ҫôһ峤Ŀεܿһ̬Ƽأܻϣ
ۼ˶ѰмӣҲ¶Ц⣬аʦүСʦ壬Ѱɱȣ
ΨɫЩ
֮ǰԣ˵ѰһƵսʽעٶ˥ߣ֧Ų˶á
룬Ѱӵ㿪ʼһ·Խһھֲ˵ڵִɲκ֧Ųס˥ܼ
ЩƿԣоϢسһƣ϶ЩҲס
һ˳µĵУл껨ȾŮͼǧţĽˣҲһǶе̳һҪϡϣ󡣡
һ˶ҡͷĻⷬѴƫˡ
ϣ󲻴˵˲㣡
̲סˣΪһͳƽ̣ȥһˣԴǻ̱ˣ㲻Ц𣿡
ɫҪ˵ʲô
һ
쿴ѻɱĵڶս꣬һӳԽ˾Ÿ֣
һ仰ȫ𶯣׷׽Ŀ⿴ȥ
ؾֻҪĸսִ߲꣬ܵ㡣
֮ǰл껨ͼԪ͡Ľʮˣڷںĸս겫ɱ
л껨ͼѸնɱս꣬ںһּս
Ԫ͡ĽˣҲѻɱս꣬ں͵ս꼤ս
ˣں͵ڶսɱ
£Ѱյִѣѻɱս꣬һٳԽ˾Ÿ֣
һĻȻԵúġ
ԭ㷴˼ˣʱƻˣǻŭ޴йһ粻
ޱȿοͽкϣпΪ
ڳﶼɫ졣
ǵһμһԩ޳ģȻʲôƫ
ȴѿһӦǵ񵺣Żܵԣ
ԴˣҲ˵ʲôҲΪһֵúܲףȥͿ񵺵ƽԡ
ûãЩҲ
Ħ콣ŵƽ̵̡ƽ̡峤ڵķɡһ¶ɫ
ΪʱѰѻɱս꣬ȡ˼л껨ͼĽԪ͵һģһĳɼ
еնʱüžĿⶼǾ޴Ļϡ
ã

ûãƽ̺Ħ콣ŵƽ¶ϲɫ
Ϊл껨ͼˣͬһʱɱĸս߲꣬㣡
ϼڷɵȴҡͷѣɫӡ
Ϊɱ߲ģѰ
ҲζţĽԪ͵ҲѱѰ˦ںߡ
һһµĽɫز¶ʯ
ϼп
ؽ޷棬׾һСʩȷʵܲ
Ϸڷɵͷ
ʱĻῴսѡγĽһȫһ˲õľ
ʮʤݡ
һѹ룬ߴͳҰע
£ڶѡУǲ죬ɽĴٶȣҲǾڳһڴ
Ψбƣ̲סʲôʱ򳬹ͺ½ԸǸԼ鶼У
һ仰ȫĿ
ϸһ룬˶ܲΪȻ
½Ͷɱڰ˲㣬һŸոս߲㣬Ҫ׷ߣǺѵ顣
ǣڴߡڰˡھŲʱһܹȵÿµĹٶȣһϣ


ܣΨкаԼᶨ

£ڶѡѾȥĿӡ
½Ͷ˽ɱڰ˲㣬ɼ£Ҳȫ
߲Ул껨ͼѰˣͬע
㣬ĽԪ͵ˡ
У롢ǡУв˽ļ
ڵµǿߣѼڳЩĹע
Ϊ˭ʱѾȥһ룬ڵ֮µˣͨڶѡΣ
һĻĻ飬ڴڴصǿ߶ԣ޷
ʱƣÿ˶ƴһֶȫɱ
սⰺ
ɱ
侲š
ˣѿʼе˾
˴βڶѡεǿߣоŰٶˣдʮսӱǿߣҲߴͳĴˡ
£λڵ֮µǿߣѽʧȥģΪ¾ܹȥʱҲˣ
һȫûӰ쵽Ѱ
߲㡣
ƺؾ
ͨһ㣬Ҫսꡣ
ʱѰɺ֮ǰһһֳľԵɱʱʱƵصԼս
߲սǿ󶼲˼飬޷ѹ
಻У׷ֳʤ
ԴˣѰͬ⣬ֻɱսõġԴ
䣡
һٶȻɱһս꣬һɴġԴѰһ
ͻˣͲһ۳壡
һһУֻȫһˡ
Ѱһ˼⣬ϡ
ͬʱ硣
һڴҲ޷ƽ
½ʼĳˣ
Ҳʼ
𣬼еĿ⣬ڵڰ˲ڣ½ϡ
ڰ˲㣬Ҫսִ꣬ܵߵĵھŲ㣡
ֻǣսһһ̬Ϳ£½Ͷս˽ӣŸԻɱһ
£ȻԶ㱣ױˣ


1898 ף
ڰ˲㡣
ۣ½˿һˣ£ʣ档
һӿؼ䣬¸Уǡ
Σ
ǰֳһ巽ξĵ֮ӳ¸ĺ
䣡
棬һºڷɰս꣬⧲֮£С
иһָ׺ɣһ
½ƿڣһװ㣬£֮ڣ³ӿ
ºڷսʱûС
׵ĺ쳹嫵ĵ֮򣬾һʣޱȿµǲսһʳ
½ڱɾ
ɱھŲսƾ輳ȡġԴҵġΡԲز
ʱȥ۵ʢᡯϺµľ棬Ҳ޾壡
½к

ͬڵڰ˲㡣
ʮɲ
ɫᣬʱŨīɢҹ֮Ļһ֮
ڣɺ·׹ǵ׺һͷͷðźɲӵӿĶǵذأĿֲ档
ͺ죬Уɲ֮֮ʣһԻҺɫУ֮⡣
Ϊչڵġ֮ʹߡĵ̡츳ս޲䶥⡣
ΪԺڰ磬սںܾ֮ǰʥϣ
ɱ
һ֡
ʮɲ٣ſ޾ɲսꡣ

ЩУʱ½ͣȫһˡ
ȫʱĿɣǶһĨ𺳣޵ˡ
ã
̾ɫ
½ڵĽһھݵǧţҪٰͥġ۵ʢᡱϴʣ

Ҳ¶ЦݣֻȴЩźĿ񵺴ˣǸöã
Ŀ⿴׼䳰ȷһ͵ע⵽ݹƵģ̾ããã
˽һ
ͷҲɡ
½ͿɶڴˣرǻҪ
˳źĿ⿴ȥЩҲ¶֮ɫһ
ԭ֮ǰȫ½͵ıʱڵ߲ڣѰ㣬ɱս꣡
ԭǰߵл껨ͼˣһٱԽˣ
⡭
̵ƽһ
ղŷʲôһһӱͣ
Ħ콣ŵƽҲɵۡ
һҲƵģʵû뵽̶ѣᷢ飡
òᡭֱ˿̲
ƶϣһ仰˽ͷ𵴡
֮ǰĽһٶȶȵÿ£˶ɣڰжȫ
ڿƺ͹˵ĵ̣
ʱѸƥɱٶȣ˶һŵĸо
ǿǵ߲ս꣬εǿ󣬿ǰֽ㱻һһɱˣ
ҲǴʱ׺Ϊλἤӡ
һ˿̵ı֣ȷ̫һˣ֮½ȫѷɫһ㣡
صٶȣʵսȫһϾսǿ߶ԾĻľ־
˿ˣҿһȷһ㣬˵ܹ½ȣǸ޷ͬġ
ǱĴ̫࣬οʱȻѰԴѺ١
ߣ˭ǿ˭кѣȵֶԾʼʱԿһߵ͡
ЦЦ˵Ĳֻǿϧ½ͶɱھŲ㣬һŸյִڰ˲㣬Ҫ׷ϡˡ
ͣǿ񵺡
ֻҪѹסѰһͷ˾Ѻ㡣
£һ󾪺
ͼڰ˲ڣѰɳֳѹ̬Ƭ֮䣬ͻɱһ֣
Ҫ֪֮ǰ½ͣڻɱڰ˲սʱҪķѰʱ䣡
˶ԱȣС
ֱѰڶսɱ˳ƵִھŲʱڵһڴԶһ𾪷µĸо
ȫǵϣҲǵ
̫ˣ
˶Ӧ
ֱӦʱѰһϵھŲ㣡
ܡ
޷ֵɫ䣬ʧг
Ҳ޷ƽһȷ̫𾪺⡣
ǰʱ죬ʯһ·׷һһ֣չֳǿĵ̡
ʱ˵ӡֻһ֡
ȣ
ڵ߲㿪ʼһˣϻеľâڴ˿̳񲻿ɵѸ磡
л껨εȾޣͼεҫۣҲ˦
ʱԲ˼ٶȣھŲ㣡
ռžһڴεȷḻҲǰһĻһʱ˸˼
һصĺ
ĿһɢӦеĵ̣Ӳ⣬϶ǿһǲ֪ǳλϹŶ¡
û뵽
ǺݺݾһѣѰǿͷҲ˼ǿ
ɻû뵽һ͵ˣչ¶âʱ֮ҫۣ
죬˲Żعǿסɫ
£һѾ½һִھŲ㣬ǲ֪ܷ١
Ȼֹ
Ӷɫǡ
ֻǣ˿ȴ˿ЦΪдҲڴ˿̳һ˿㱣𺳵üʧء
ھŲ㣬ؾֻһս꣬ҲǿͿµһ˵һľʥԲʥеĶ׿ҪɱҲҪĴۣ
½ͣƴȫҲֻͶԷɱѽѷֲ֣£ʱڣֳܷʤ
Ѱȫһ
ִھŲɺ֮ǰһڶ̶̼䣬ͽսɱ
ǰԵǿƵ̬޿ƥеķ緶ڳЩﶼǣȫʧԡ

˱˰죬³֡
˼顭
ɫ㱡
˵ͥĺĵӣҶκһ˿ɡҲֻͥȻ
˸пǧ
ⲻģһ϶ˣ
ʱǳʧ̬г
ӵڶѡοʼһֱѰÿһζѰıָлܵҲԽԽࡣ
ֱڣѰ޿ƥе̬ٶȳԽ½ͣһĻֱһִİƣݺ˵ϣܻ޷ܡ
ʵϣڳҲţͷ֮ᷢת
ڶѡεһѡ˵½ͣ󱻽һһƥˣ
֮ǰ˭
ˣֱǿЦ˴ѡηڴڣĪΪѻ׵



1899 ٽ֮ͫ
Ļ£˶Ц
ף
Ŀܣ
̨֮ϣҪôһͳƽ̣Ҫôһִţߣף类һۿơ
οڶѡηڴڣǴڵ
£˾˵һףֱǵڵ
ȻΪƽ̣ɫʱ䶢ˣѣҴŪ𣿡
ɫһ䣬æҲңʵǡһ̫ҲЩʧ̬
˻ǵõٴͬ
֮ǰ˭뵽½Ͷ˼棬һʱ̣ᷢת
һ޿ƥе̬½Ͷ֮ǰھŲ㣬Ϊһͨڶѡεǿߣ
һ֮ǰ˭ûܲµ
̫ϣ

ھŲ㡣
ѰһȻ˫΢΢պϣɫ顣
ڣȰԴӿ룬ڣ̥ǿɶһȻ纣Ҳ֮ɢ緢
䣡
Ƭ̣Ѱͷ̨֮ϣֳһƬȼĹꡣ
ͬʱѰϵġۡתһϢһȫڡ
翴ȥֻܿһƬϼ޷ŵѰϵ
գһƬȼĹۣһ۵ľӰͨƾӨ貵Ļ棬ƿԡ
壡
ߣ֮һ֮롣
һɳ̥ĴϢգ嫣ԣ
ҲѰ۳ĵ
䣡
ѰľǳУ糱ˮҲ֮ӿͷ
ãѰһ΢յٿȻ
һ˲һĻֲľһͫӳ֡
ؼ䣬ΨһŻȼգ쾭γǳԱһա
ʱ֮ۡռ֮Էٽ档
һŻ𣬳Ϊ㶨ΨһͲ࣡
һĻѰͫлûջ⣬ɨ
䣡
ھŲ㣬дؾһƬ޵Ļ谵أ˿̣ѰĿ⿪أһԻ֣ض
綼ڷٻ
ǳ츳
ٽ֮ͫ
İؾһ֣
أΪ
츳ͨҲǰԵͱң
ųѰջƬؼķٻҲ֮ʧһлָƽ
ֻǣѰȴһ˿ɫ
Ϊʩչٽ֮ͫʱ֮䣬õһϢҲ뵽һ츳֮ͨУ÷ٽ֮ͫһһ޷ĵز
Ѱƶϣԭٽ֮ͫͿ׻ɱͬеĶ
ˡϢĻۣʩչͨʱɱ׼۾ﶼ׾ٵ顣
óƶʱѰһľҲʶˡͥĿֲ
ľ壬ƿ֮
壬֮ӡ
ˮ壬ˮǧ֮
壬Էٽ֮ͫаһ֮
ѰĬĬ˼⣬ųİأȻ֪ھŲڶѡεĵһˡ
˵ӳʼֱڣ˼Ҳûھϡ

ڶѡεĵӡ
һϮۣ½Ӵ߳
ǺЦȡ
ͨھŲڻ۵ԴԵ֮򡰸ΡƿسԲز
˵һ֮ϲ
߳½ӭĿ׼
еǣԤе̾Ȼ𾪺ͻȫûС
˵ɫһ˵𾪣Ҳƻ㱡
ҲԵúܼž
ѵΪûв²⵽Լ˿ͨڶѡΣû̷Ӧ
½ɻ
ڴ˴δأνʮ㣬֣עȺۣһ
ֻǣ˵ķӦȴЩ޷⣬𾪡Ҳɣ
½˵ʲôʱȻע⵽һĿӱ
ŤͷͿߴӰӴ˳һϮ죬ɢ˵ơ
һ˲ע⵽½Ŀ⣬ʹǹճһĨڽĻȣɫζ
½üͷһ壬ӿһĨõԤС
ɡ
ڴʱԶĹ鳤һ̾˳еļžΧ
½һתͷĿ⿴飬ƽ̣ڶѡεĵһĪǡ
˵ͷ
½ֻԴ˵һ׻
һԼ
һ̫ͻȻ־ȴ̾½ľʧء
ܣ
Լǵһ˭ֻǵһ
Ϊݾһҫ۵һǧţ½ǫѷ£ʵһǡ
ȴû뵽ڵڶѡʱԼ־ڱصõĵһˣ
½ǲǺ⣬ܱûţ
һĴЦ쳹Եǰ̶
½ŤͷȥͼͳЦЦкζԼĳ
½ɫ粻ԭһ
һŨҵĲʺͷŭӿͷ½סȻ߬£е˫֡
ֻͣǵڶѡΣѡʱһЦЦ½һһ٣м
㵽ױǡ
죬¶һѩݣ־˵̲꣬סִЦ
˴δصĶУΨ½Ϊӡ
£ԷѱԼԽܲʹ죿
ԸˣֱӣӲڡ
ǣˣǲǸ̫ˣϷȰ㻹Ǹ״ٸҲ١
Щȥˣ̲סȻ
һȫˣȴÿһԼĿ⣬΢֮ɫ
ûԤе̾͡𺳣޵
Ҳڴʱ񵺵̲סͣһͨصˡ
˵꣬ɫ䣬Ȼܣ
֣͸žŭš
½ʼҲһɫͱùŹ֣ԭһһ
һ̣½һ䣬Ͱͣ㵹Ц
ͬʱ˿͵Ŀˣͻһڣеĵʹ죬ȫȡ
˭ǵһ
̲ס
½Ҳӿ档
ǽһ
˳̾ɫ࣬ų͵ִѰڴ˿ȴò˵Ѱǵһʵбˡ
ܣ
ͺ½ͬʱгһģ
һ
֮ǰҲȷӹˣɸûѶԷһѡ
кβܣ
΢΢һЦȻڳλɶһؿ۵ףˡ侲һãֳʲôЦ
һ赭дȴ½ɫЩĿ⿴ڳˣȴûһĻ
ʵнһ


1900 һ޶һ
ڶѡΡ
һһ
ʵһػ½ͽǣԵޱȳĬ
½һ뵽ʱ򣬻ԼĳֻӭĿϾһ̣ܡ
ͬҲһƣղŻڴЦ½ȴϵԼȴΪһЦ
˴˿̶һֺ޲طĸо
̫ˣ
Ŀ֮£ȴ飬ȥĻǵ滹飿
ֻǵڶѡζѣ٣ȵѡʱһܱǡ
ڣа
ʱˣܽһˣôôԣ
ۼ˾Ҫִڴʱвһ궯
ͼڣѰӰ߳һ֣ȫеĿ⡣
ÿɫܸӡ
о̾꣬к棬Ҳзĵ͡
ƽˣ̫Ŀĺ䶯顣
һѡУһƥճĺһԾΪǲսİס
˾ʮʤļ¼һ޶
ڣǵһŲ㣬Ϊڶѡеĵһˡ
ɾ޵л껨ͼĽˣ˦ںߡ
Ȼ½ľڣҲֻΪģ
ԤڶѡεĽȥݾڣؽҲΪ˸еΪ֮䶯
Ͼ½ԣһ֡ɼɵĺ䶯ҲƱطͬ졣
ˣ֮ǰıּ䲻ףҲЩϼһ۽磬ɵСЩѡһһ潻սܷɱǰʮɺܴ󡣡
鿪ڣЦ⣬Լ͡
ҿλСɱǰʮӦòѡ
ҵǺڴ潻еı֣ſ϶ʧġ
Ҳ׷׿ڣٶ⡣
Ѱ˹֣лλǰָ㡣
ĿһУ½нЩζˣǵһܵĴ
ϧǡ
ʱƣ½вǿߴӴ߳
л껨ͼĽԪ͡
ţǡ롢ƿ¡¡Ҳһһ˳
֪һͨڶѡεļȲ½ҲʱЩͬеĶ޲һ
֪һѰʱе㵺ͷ˼ˡ
ǶѰĵĺ룬ӶɫޱȾʡ
ΨнҲΨѰĵǺεȿ¡
ֱһʱĻʱʮͨڶѡΡ
УߴͳĺĴ˾Ӷ࣬ʮսǿƫ١
ѰһսѡγĹŽУҲһܣţҲ̭ˣ
ƹŽǿֹڵڶѡʱҲ˳̾Ϣϧ
Ǵ棬ǿǿ֣۵ȣֻѡγʮˣȥμͥһٰġ۵ʢᡱ
֪εȲпᡣ
ɴҲƶϣͨ˵ڶѡεǿߣڵѡУɽʮ˱̭֣
һУѰ̸ϵģ߳һֱĥİΧһȫȤ

һ֮۵̨֮ɢڶѡĻ
ˣѡεľŰˣֻʮ˻ʤȫ̭֣ճ
̨ϣѰʮУԶһڴĿ⣬ϡ
ׯࡣ
ѡΣȡһһԾķʽС
ڣѡ֮ǰгǩлһǩԾɽһֽ𡣡
˵ţһӣһͭиֶ
ǩУÿһǩϽԶӦһֵ֣ڣɽһʼǩ
£Ŀע£Ѱǰʼǩ
ͭиصĽƣʶӦһͶž׵Ŀܡ
ѰóһǩһǾ͸ֳһĨŹ֮ɫ
룡
ˡ
ǩݸ飬һԾɽһͺԾʱ˶ҡͷ
룿
ĿǽһĶ֣
֪ҹ¥ڣͱһһѹ˭֪
һЩ˶ͬĿ⿴˺롣
˿̵ɫѿúݣ˶ǣͷһͷҰХƵÿѪ
衭
Ҳ̫ùˣ
֣ҿɺڴһս
ѰЦڡ
ҧ飬һҪ⣬ʤ֮ս֪
ֻǣϰµģһûС
ǰһһǩ
ǩһһʱҲ˲궯
ϵǣ¾ǳǩԾɽһɸѡУҲ˲֪ĽĿ⡣
ʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɡ
ʱҲʵһ֣
𣡡
ǩ󣬹˫һټ̨֮ϣֳһϵĶս
սգɻҺɫĹʯϽɣϱմȾѪգɢһɱϢ
ѡΣһζԾսжʮ˻ʤϳǩһǿһ𣬽һ档
ڣʼһԾ
ɫ£



1901 ħ
ϵĶսϡ
ৣ
ѰӰһƮȻϣĿңңԶĺ룬ζ
ͷƤһ飬ٲԸҲ֪һսϣ
һ뼸Ǳſĳ飬һͬĿע£̨
룬ȰֱɣҪٵʱ䡣
Цų
˶Ц
ͷ
Ϊʹĺᣬʮ֮һߵҲܵ°Դ
ɴʱȴΪһŪĶ̼ú붼
Ľһ
ĿԹѰҧ¾䣬Ҳù
䣡
Ϣתӳֳһžкɫħӿ
һ˲۷壬һѹħϢֲޱߡ
ɫ΢䡣
ڴڴأʵսԵ𣬺ڵڶѡеΣֻеȡ
ʱչֳƣȴǰһЩǿ߶еľ
ˡ
˷ӦںУֳһ״ѪɫꪣꪼǶһޱȵɫ飬ɢĻ
ħꪣ
оһ궯һЩĿⶼһ¶ɫ
ħꪣ
һһʵġ۵ħ
Ŵ˱һɫ飬һλħۣӵСǣɱ顱Ŀֲ
ȼıߴͳУټúܣޡ
ʶ˭Ҳû뵽۵ϣ뾹Яһ۱
ͬʱѰҲ΢΢һУа۱Ϣ£һľĸо

ˣһѪɫӿգһƬѪɫ磬նȾŨѪɫ
ء
һǺ쳹أͼѪɫꪶɫٿȻһת
ৣ
һɫӳһɨϢķѣݳ١
ѰӰһܿһԭ֮أٿȻŨѪɫ⣬ɢϢ
˵ħꪵֱ̫죡

볤ħ㣬ٶɱ
Ѫɫꪻ裬һɫ⣬ڶսݺύֽ㱻˺ѡݡ
ͣ
Ѱʱȭһӭɫϡ
ײǿưԾȭ类ʴƵģױ߽ɢ
ɫƲƿɱ
ѰüëһӰٶһܿһ
һ㲻ǺǿΪҪһֱܣ
ȣɫϢŰУһѪɫѪɫɫ⣬ӳĵˡ
˶¶ɫ
ħ̫ǿͿ£ֲ˺սĲ㣬Խһв
ңս󣬿ɱϾƣȫ֮£һܵĿռڲϱѹ
һ˶޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܵʱǿɾΣˡ
û뵽һﾹһͲı۾ﶢϣ
˸
ħꪣһõ۾Ķı
Ŀ֮£˭οȻҴ˱ǰ϶̡
ҵǺ棬һˡֻ·ƵҪɣ

ԭ˭ú룬ΪѰĶ֣ɵĿħꪵĿֲ˶ΪѰ˰Ѻ
ȻͬҲʵһ֣
ʱһǿıﶼתıս֣
ʱƾħ֮ӲıƣȾϷ硣
۷׷ףսеѰԵޱȵȻ
ҪȡʤǼǧǴǴƿѹħꪣ
Ѱɲ㱩¶ЩֶΡ
΢רŶμ۵ʱݣȴ޷ڴȱϢ
ԣǶϲܶõġ
ˣѰҲʲôЩһƣɱĶУ
ο۱Ҳֻе۾ܷӳ
ħꪣǱ۾óѰ˵ˣԻڵһʱͱĨɱ
ϧ벻ǵ۾ڣֻһʥħʱܹӳܼޡ
ң۱ɲܶõģļ֮أʱˣעֲס
Ѱĵڡ
Ȼȫ֣ѰҲаսѹΪûҪһѣҲֵ
ʱơ
սϣѰһֱܣ
һɴɱķƶе̬֪پ̾
ЩȴˣƴƵѰʵʼնзĻᡣ
ǹעһȫԸĺ룬磬ʵù֮£Ͳռκαˡ
ʱˣע˥أ;ƿݣ
ȻûãڳҲ˥٣üѽһ㺹ˮ΢΢ס
ħꪵ֮ǰǿʢˡ
Ҳڴʱ
һֱܵѰٿȻ㣬һ͵ǰ塣
һһһƵײٿȻѹڵء
飡
սһζ뷢ʹƺߣſڵأڱѪ
ħٿȻɳȥǺһڵء
ڸղһɲǣѰץסᣬȭѹһжʤݿ࣬ɴ䣡
ȫžѻȸ
жӿһ⣬սͲףһһ۵ħεǿ󣬿ջǱѹ
һûܹ֮ƥҲע޷ӳ̫ơ
дп
У࿴ѰĿⶼ΢ˡ
ѣһֱһɴѹ֣һȷʵǿһ־˵ĵز
һҵţ
죬ɫҵؽܵʵĿԹضѰҧ
뿪
Ǽﲻɵñܺˣ´ʱҿܻһ档
ѰЦЦҲڡ
뿪һŭӣһﾹԼıֱ̫
ƽ̹վһԾĽһʤ̭֣һսͶ£
Ѱ뿪˶ս˸طϥأϢ
սϣͺչԾƬ̾ͷֳʤ
ûⷢԾѹ̬¡
½С½ʤ
ĳ
ʱƣһһԾݣʷ׳ʣ˲֪پ̾ͻȻ
ڴ˹УѰҲһֱڹսڷ͹Ħÿһǿߵսֶκͷ
͡½л껨ͼĽȾʱѰĶע
ֱһʱ
ܼʮ˷ֳɵĶʮĳԾһһĻаѰڵĶʮ˻ʤ
ΪǩҲ˳һѡС
ʮˣ̭֣



1902 ʮǿ
̭ǿУгѰϤˡ
Ҳʮ׵ҫȡ
ĿЩǿһȻ˳̨֮ϣ֪̾ϢΪ֮ϧѡ
ѰĿó͸챻̭ʱҲһ̾˵츳͵̣Կƾ޾ס
ֻϧĶ̫ǿˡ
л껨¡
ͼ¡
ˣ˵սʹֹ
ǩ˴ɻһǩջʮ˱̭֡
վ
Ѱһһǰǩ
˶˼ǣһεǩٴαѡС
Ҳ˲֪پ̾ĽĿ⡣
ԴˣҲһΡ
ս׼û룬ѡУһչĻᡣ
Ѱǵһƿ£ʮ֮һƿĪĵ֮򡰷ƿ
֣ս׿Ҳѣڴսҿɲʹ˷
սϣƿڡ
ɫս£ӰΣִһɫսìӢˣƷԡ
롣
Ѱ˵ͷ
ƿºԥˣһɫսì̳򵥵ȴһ޼᲻ݵķ֮
ˣ
սì֮ӳԼ䣬绯һƿڣ뵣ӿɫͷס
һѤöʵУҪ˶ɣ
һЩﶼ¶֮ɫƿһǽƿİսì֮У˵ޱȡ
Ǽ򵥵һʵѽ֮ﵽ˼ز
䣡
սìӳ;ֽ㱻飬Ȼըƥɢ
ѰɳֿȭɢŲãɫ⣬ȭ׾Ȼ׾
ȭսìײװ𵴣硣
ƿɫȻأһӶսì󿪴ϣâ硣
һصìӰɲǼ䣬ûǧɫͷ׵Уնȫ˺ѿ춯ء
Լ䣬һӰ򣬿ɢơ
ǡƿİأӯдǻۡϡ
Ѱϲһ֮Ӳ
Ե֮ĲɵزɻԲ
ܹĦᵽƷһĵ֮ôһ֮ż档
ƿµġƿɾһƷһĵ֮
䣡
սϣӰ˸棬ɲǼͽٴΣɱذ޹⡣
ͼң׳ʣһڴﶼĿѣ̾
½л껨ЩǿߣҲһɫרעսѰƿµսԴ˶Ա
黨һЦ
ù£ƿɫرˣׯϣͷӨӨ⣬ǸֳһĨ΢Ц
Уһɫսì˵һûһ財嫡ƻð硣
ⷽУ컨׹ƣ쳹оӳִֵΧ
⣬ǡƿĿ
Ҳƿµǿһ
ͬʱѰָһץ֮ӡ۶ɫʲԻƣɽӵ֮Ю֮
һ˲ս͵ز춯ص𵴣ֲޱߵײɢϢ֮Ű
ǿһľЩҲ۾¶Ծ֮ɫ
̳ɢսϣѰƿµӰңңţ˴˽Ժ
ƴȫٶȥޱҪˡ
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ˡ
ѰȭƵᡣ
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֣̣֮μӡʢᡯע£ҿɺڴǵʢϵı֡
ƿһЦ˵һ仰ת뿪
ķڷ
ΪֻкһԾʱŻ֣ᷢԷһεǿĴڣֱһ޷Ĵɽ
Ŀƿ˳ٿսϵѰЩл껨ˣɫԱ΢
̫ǿˣ
ǿ󣬲â¶Ҳɽ¶ˮĬеɽ֮С
Ҳֻ½ʱܸһһɣ
жðͬһͷ

ڶͶԪ͡
ʤ
½
½ʤ
ĳ
һֶԾҪԵøҺ;Ķǡ
ÿһսǿߣԿǾĴڣ˴һǡԣһһԾҲ˳һһĺ䶯
ԴˣѰҪԵõ࣬һ߷ٲݾһ߹ս̬УƵġ
ʱ
ʮԾգаѰ½ͼл껨Ľǵڵʮ˻ʤ
ʮ̭֡
ˣϳǩĽڣѡУֻʮ˼ֵڡ
յʮǿҲе
ʱһȥúճʱյĽ𡣡
վڡ
һ仰ò˶һ
һʱ䣬ǽ˵ڶѡΣչ˵ѡεһδ档
սʱȻǿ½͵ˣҲѸеһƣĴ
ٶսȥ״̬϶۷ʱǰǿ
Ѱʮǿ߱ס£ռһ뵵Ķ츣ؽ
ҹĻʱڷϵϢҲڵһʱ䴫ȥɢڣĪ䶯
ڶѡεĵһ½
һһƥǿò˼ĺ
ѡεʮǿѳ¯˭뵽ǿƿ¡Ԫҫ̭ˣ
Կ϶˴۵ȵǰȻ½͡һˣ
ǲ֪յĵһỨ˭ң
ҹɫ·ͣڽһɳŵĻ⡣
һǰˣȴǺճ½õһ֡ڶ۵ĵһ
ֱڣʮǿ֮һݣɹֵѡУ
ȿƾս˭ܲע
쳿ʱʮǿ֮ͻݣʱܿһеڼˣ
ڴ
ҲҹѰܾӵĶ츣أƽ̺á
СѣʦѴϢ۵Ƚ󣬱ǰ彪ϡ
һִʹ˵Ŀġ
Ѱһ𣬵͵ѴϢ˵ȴ˴۵Ƚһ̷ڡ
ЦµżСѶ콫չʮǿ֮ģ
Ѱ룬ЦӦⲻ󡣡
˵ɵСͣ϶㣬һͣԷܻº֡
ѰһҵǺһԣλչڵ֮ʹߵ;ж󡣡


1903
峿ʮ֡
̨ۣ֮ϡ
Ѱ½͵ʮλǿѵȺϡ
̨ܣֱߴͳԼݾһЩǡ
գͽչʮǿ֮
ųƶ쳹Ҳһ˲¼ž
ʮǿ֮һҪֳǿѡɲȡǩѡֵķʽлһǩ
ƽ̹ȫһ㵡
ʮǿ֮ǩ
˵Ŀⶼ˰ʤѩɵĽ¡
̫ŵϵľŮѡУ֮سǩûнѡΣֱӳΪʮǿʮ֮һ
Ȼۡ
ʮǿ֮ǩкܱŤˡ
һǩˣһԾΪ۵ȵʮǿ֮һǿ߹ƽ
ƿ˼鵭Ȼ֮ʵȱһɣڳЩϼһ׼۾ڣÿһʵԿǿôȴһܹ֤ɵۣιʣ
ף쳹ȫ
Ȼش𣬹ֱӵܼ򵥣ȱ
޴һҲֻڵ۾֮ǰ֮ץסһڳЩϼһУһû֤ɵ۵Ŀܣ
ǩڴˣôҲȣʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɣԶĸҪ
һ£мž˽ɫȻ

޵߶ԣȿ翵ȷ̫ҪˣӰ쵽һĵ;ˣ
ʼǩѡ֣ǩֱӽʮ˷ֳ󣬾ǿѡ
ܵ˽жԾλǰʮ
ͬǰѡɻʤ˷ֳжԾֱֳһڶ
һһѡιѰ׹
ǳǩڡ
Ѱһվ½͵˽½гǩ
ѰĶĽ
½Ķǡ
͵Ķͼ
л껨Ķ֡
˻Ȼ𾪵ǣ˴εǩٴα³鵽
顢˵һڴﶼ̫Ű׵۵ĺᣬ֮ʢֱҪ찡
ԼоЩ˼ˣγǩԼû뵽ֱһ
ɲ֪ʲôʱԼˡ
ⲻƽ϶ĳطܹ̽еǩ
Ǵг
һϮۣ̤ѥӰֻǴ˿ȴԵúܲޡ
κط̽ԻᱻϷһʱˣڻҹף
ڡ
ɫ΢䣬ңֻǴ̫ΣȻǿ󵽼£Ҳ޿γǩ
ȻȻɽˡ
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֤ûУҺҶԾһֻҪ֧һյʱ䣬ұͺҲλǰʮʵ
һȻڣȻ¾޷ıսţڳͬп϶Ҳ᲻
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ѰһЦʲô޷ۺͼʽµˡ
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ˣƳһǣȻˣұӦǶȶԾһˣһ䣬λ̫Ű׵֮ᣬǰʥʮˣٲɾЩ˵ȥˡ
дһ˿ȻǶǵĺ֦ںܲˬ
һһҲòȻ
ʥʮţ
ϢһЩ˻ǵһ֪˵ĺܣ磬Ŀ
ǰģҪ¹ֽһʶһʥʮ˵ˣҲκԹԡ
ǵȻڡ
鲻ٶԣһӡ
䣡
ϵĶսٶӳʱ䣬֮ϡ
һϮɫ£˿٣ƮȻսϣԼӰһŽɣʫ续
ڵڶѡ֮⻹ڳ˵һлʶµսһʱ䣬ҲΪȫĿĽ㡣
¹ұ˶㲢޳ɼ˴ζԾֻӡ֤һͣǷʸǰʮĪ֡
սڡ
ϻ˵ʼɡ
䣬ѰʱؾԼü˳ۣһɿ˵Сұ
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ұ㲻ˡ
һٿȻ
ৣ
ӰûӿһƝǻԣӲӷ⣬Уֳһѩս
֮
ͼһն·ǿս٣ǧǳҡҷѭɢһ󼤰Х
޾ǹ⻯ƥķâһ֮ڣɢ
һЩﶼԵͷǿƲޣƽ£ʵڶսʱδ⡣
ʱһ֣Ͷ˵֮֮硱ޱȾˡ
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һʱ䣬ͼǶսϣ⽣Ӱ˴棬ʢĵɽϯɢӳֳؾװĿֲ
˵ҲһӾͱ˹ȥ
ѰƬ̣ջĿ⣬жϣǿƥɱȻǽµĶ֣
Ϊʶ׵۳ǡĹˣѰҲ˸µĵ̺սε˲á
ң͵ڷҡϲͬĽ£ΪͻʥԲزսҲͬն
ȻƬ̶ѣսϵǣͳֳѹƵ̬ƣμ穣
ֹûã޻ֻֿܱ֮ԵǱ
һĻĻ仯Ҳ˳в֪ٳԾ
ʶγǩĽ£ֹ죬սҲǿþˣ
ǣ⣬ʮǿ֮С
ɴʱںͽµĶԾУȫһֱѹƵĴβ
һЩﶼԸп̫Ű׵۵ĺᣬԺ󡭡ܻΪһλ˸ǿ֮ϵŮۣ

ûãһײ쳹
ǵѩսֶɣ˰ߵķݰ㣬ݺݵȥ
飡
Ӱ׹ʱ̲סѪһſεӶףдԾͺȻ
⡭
ʥʮ
мžѻȸ
ڳˣЩ½л껨ˣҲչֳľս塣
˭ţһ续ɵŮӣսֲ֮
ΨѰЦЦԵúܵҲڽµķɣ



1904 ն
ϣ
Ž̬Ʈݾס
Ŀɨܣ˲ôԳһ
һĨеĽ
˿ڣȳµΪֹ뵥д裬Եȵ۵ѡν֮ڣʼʮǿ֮
ˣ´΢Ʋ뿪˶ս
ˣ޻˵
Ƕܣ֤սҲʮǿС
ΨһɫΪ
ʮǿ֮ʼǰȴܣҲ˲СĴ
ৣ
Ľȵ˶սһϮۣڲò㣬ˡ
ʮսѡγһλĽʵ֮ǿߴͳһЩĴ˶硣
ʵϣֱʮǿУҲֻʣѰԼʮս߳
ʮˣһɫߴͳҲǽڵս
ɴҲԿĽεǿ
֣롣
սϣĽңңڡ
ৣ
ѰӰһУ롣
һ˲ȫеĿȫ۽ϡ
Ľһʱܾߴͳ£ĿţһԵϵĸ
һһƥƵƵ;ϲĺ۵ѡ񣬲йһܣ
λ۷ĶԾҲעͬѰ
֣һս۽ĳֻһʹ죡
ĽغЦ
䣡
һѣһƬҫƥĹ⣬Ľϳ𣬻һֻͻʹգҫɽӡ
Ӳӣʳĵʵʣһ֡죬âɡĺơ
ǿ֮ǰĽ
˵
֮ǰ۵ѡУĽֵޱȾˣƣɢϢԲ˿ǰǿ
ڳʮУĸûбֻû뵽ĽһսͶɼԽһǺεӡ
˸
½͡л껨Ҳ¶֮ɫϢרעڶսϡ
ʮǿ֮غܷ뵽ͥһġ۵ʢᡱУʶ˭Բ˿ĵ
䣡
ĽһָյĴҫۣȼհ㣬ɢֲ
նգ
Ľĵ֮ԣƥ
һͬǿߣ˵ˣ˲ͻᱻΪ֮;
ϧˣ꾹ûܽ¡
һ̣ߴͳв֪жϹ̾ϢĽһʱչ¶ɵľš
µɿʼŹˣ
䣡
ֱ̤ھŲĽزʢҫۣ˾һִհ㡣
ڴ˹УѰԭأ˿ʵҲЩȻ
޿ɣĽǿĶ֮һ
ϢơԼչ¶־ͬе̳۷塣
Ѱʹ죬ԣǷܹսһʹ죬ǿɾͲһˡ
ĽЦұȫԸ
˵ʱѾõس֡
䣡
ػҡ
Ľһưоͬӿֳһִգ䣬ȼ
Ѱȭ֮Ӳ赭д
ײʱսڲذıŰȭƷɢв֪پ
ʵνһչֳ֮ʢѿǾףĿ¡
л껨ͼǣҲɫأԼǽһĽָӦԡ

ĽǰУЮգԵգأ޷Ļܡ
ÿһĳʱ˵ĸоһſŴ׹£
һصĺ
л껨λƵзɫ
һܡ
ͯӰ㱳һ޽ͼԾԾԡ
ܹ֮ᵽزĽȷһɱȡ
½˼
һ̣ĽչֳĶսȫ
ȸƥԵҵĹ£Ѱһֱɫϲȭɱʩչǻ츳
ƣչ¶ķɣĽƽ̫ࡣ
ǣƫƫƵսȴĽһδνһһ⣡
һҲ򵥰
ﶼ¶ɫ

УĽХ˵ƣ˲һء
⡭
ȫΪ֮ݡ
һЩסˡ
ĽǾʥԲزΪʱչֳ֮ǿʢЩϱ׼۶еľ
̵Ҳܲˡ
ǻҺɫͫ¶һ˿֮ɫ޷֮ǰǰƽˡ
ԭֻһ½ֵӡ
ֶһһ
ڣĽϵı֣ҲĵĽʼӡ
䣡
սУĽһִںƣâԵʮ㣬һһ޲зɽ֮
ֻȹ֮£Ѱûκ¶
Ӱ׿Ȼȭ׾ȻȻȻÿһܺԷĹƣ߽ԷϮ
Ƭʱ䣬ֲ߽ǧΡ
ĽԽսԽǿҲʢˣչֳл껨ͼ˶¶֮ɫ
Ѱȵÿ£
ڵһѡΣڵڶѡΣڴ˿̺Ľս˵ĸоԵɽ޾֮âȴ޷
ͬڳΪ֮Ծ
Ȼǹ顢ƽһ޷ˡ
ãܹȶ֣֮·Ųǰį
Ľͫսⰺ
ʼɱﵣ֮תôյ
ɲǼ䣬սӳֳǧգÿһֽǰ貺ʹĿ
һ˲䣬ǧսĽһӰС
䣡
գ¡
һ̣ѰڶݣԨĺзһĨɫ
һ֮ʢڸܵһѹҲĵĶ־ȼ
ٳɣҲڴ˿̶
ˣ
֮ӡۣѰĵֳ֮ԨԨ¯¯ϡ
ѰΪĵУݳ٣͹Ӱ类ûһա
Ψһ֮ӡӳ䡣
һ˲עһĻǿߣ޲һɾ㤺⣬ľв֮С
·һӡһûʮ졢ءȫһգ
Ǻε
Щﶼɫ䡣
ֻǣǷӦȫԸĽѰѽһ
䣡
ǹϵĶսڴ˿͵ضϵؽתֶ
Уãã¡¡޾ѤõĹ㣬ȫû
˵½ǣЩﶼһ޷̽Ƕսеľˡ
ԽԽ𺳣޷Ǿʥܹƿص
ֱ죬սϲ̳ɢָƽ
ͼ
ĽͷɢڣѪʶɫɷ׼͸
ǣ飬Ȼ
棬ѰȻһϮྻ˳Ⱦһʱ


1905 
ݵĳź̨һƬ䶯
Ľˣ
һʱչ¶ɣߴͳĿţ֮ǰսУչֳ˿Ǿ춯صķɡ
գ£
գǰˡ
û˿һνУĽΰܵģҲˣŸ𾪡
ǽһжǿ
ҲֵֻĽװɣ
ʹ죬ʵʹ졭ĳΪݾڣɿһսָŷ֣֮·Զĳиʡ
սϣĽ¶п֮ɫ֣һսҶԣһѵõĥȻܣ໶ϲѣлˡ
֣һóϷӡ
һЩﶼݡ
ܣܲ٣ӵؽǣĽı֣Ҳѡ
Ѱ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
Ľʹ죬һս̸ʹ졣
о΢
ĽԣһսѾƼȻˣҲԼȡྭ͸
ɶѰԣȴƿɳ£ΨһֵƷζģֻĽƿصġնա֮

ʮǿ֮һսһʤ
ѰӶսʱһӳΪȫĿĽ㣬˭ͬһָо
һļޡ
˭ܹ
Σһս֮󣬽һѾǡǿѡ֮һӵȥ۵ʢʸ
ȴģǡǰ֮

ڶ½ǡ
½ʤǰܡ
һδܣٶȸԳش
һȥǰʮûб̭֣Ҳǲеˡ
Ͷͼ
һսޱȣȫĹע
ͣսƥսĪ⣬һߺڰԵɱǿȫΪ֮
ģͯӣ޽ͼͬǿ࣬Ľɭۻ룬ת仯֮
߽ʱдﶼƵƵɫ䣬л껨½Ҳһɫء
ѡνеʱЩˣԶѲٱʩչֿƿĶսֶΡ
ǵȾȫþݡ
գͼϧܣ
Ľǿƥ͵Ҫǿʢһ
ʱͼ۵СϾһԲ뿪˶սвʡ
Цҡͷ
һսҲ˳롰ǿ֮Уӵ˾ǰʸ
л껨ɽС
л껨̵һλʿΣ˾ѵõ츳
ڶǰʹݡ
ɽУһԪ¥մ֮ͽһλʥԲޣڵڶѡУе
ۼ̡սԲѷɫڳˡ
֮ĶԾҲȫĿ
˶𾪵ǣսһʼɽоʹƣǿ󣬶л껨չ¶̫ˡ
ƿصĵ֮֮桱һ嫺磬ǧطͷУƾɽηͻܱһһѹƺͻ
գɽвò䡣
Ҳһսл껨ΪȫעĽ㣬һЩﶼķ塣
ŵսĻʱУǹϵĶսϣչһһս
ƾУޱȡ
Ī⣬ҡ
ֱǿѡֱѰ½͡л껨˳޼ϡ
У˳ߴͳ֮һķϼɽһ̫Žᣬ츳ݣۺ
޼ڣһʵǿᣬӵнղ֮ޡ
ˣٶȽгǩѡγǰѡ
վܵˣͬҪгǩڰˡšʮѡ
˶٣ǩĽ£ٽѡΣеߡ
˻һȫ㵡
üǰɷǩƾսȥǰʮ
زңǩֱеߣҲˣû˼μѡεĻᡣ
¸Ҫ˵ʲô㱻ֹ
ؾǹأݲøı䡣
ýһֱеߣǿ߶ԣѾһ˲õ
ɶԣȴ޷⣬ˣҲֻܽ˰š
ǳǩڡ
չǵڰˡھšʮᡣ
Ľǡ
ͼɽС
¿ի⡣
գһδζԾͼеڰˣĽеھţ¿իеʮ
ǡɽС˱̭֡
ˣǰʮ׳¯
ֵһǣеʮ¿իڡ

ڿʼǰ֮
£Ѱһһǩ
Ѱ޼ϡ
½˳
ͳл껨
һԾʱȫĿڴ
ˣÿһŸ֮ɣͬе۷Ҳݾھʥˮ׼
£ǰͽе˭ܲע
һһ޼ϣ
սϣѰƮȻĿңң޼ϡ
һӰϢԲ꣬ɢһƵķ
޼ڣޡվƿص֮𡱣֮ǰѡζսУչֳɫս
ѣ֪һֱǿԣϣսʱԶ
޼ɫׯϣüξˣȻǰˣҲԺĽһ޺
ȫž˭Ҳû뵽δս޼Ͼһ
Ƿζţܷսʤһûбжϣ
ѰҲһɡ
޼΢΢һЦһһʱʩչǿָ㡣
¡
䣡
޼ٿȻһ䣬һׯϵΪһŭĿΤӽգ
ӰֶӿֳǧӹӰʮա
һʱ䣬սϣ嫵Ľɫ޷
εĿֲϢ糱ˮɢ
ǵȻǻͬеĶ¶Ҫܼѹȣɵ֡
ѰȴƻȻ
̤ǰУӰȻ֮ӿĽɫŲƵʯϣ޷ֹѰ˿
ѰǹƵģɢĽŲ֮£
䣡
ͬʱ쳹һǼǾѰľ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ǧڿн̻֮ģϷ
˲۷֮ģӴ˾ͻΪһͽޱȡ
Ȼ޵ߣѿϵĿ
ֻǣһжѰͽ͡
̺ϰصķʼն޷Ѱľһ˿ҡ
ɫǰ߷֮֮磬һ·ͥŲ
޼ɫһӱޱȡ
䣡
˫ֺʮšɫķٿȻ䣬޾ҵȼգض
ĿһĻǿߣһĿʹհĸоɫһ䡣
ÿֲľ֮


1906 ǰ
纣ɢֲޱߵľϢܵӵǬɱа
ϹʱоٶϷ𣡡
һλɫ価𺳡

Ĵ桱֮һϹʱеһλƾ˻һٷٻһħ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ܿ棬ʱºٶȳ֣޼ڶս
䣡
͸ɢХϮŰ
е޼ϣһŭ֮
Ѱͫ΢У²δֹͣΨڣٿȻת
ΡΡ֮ɽã֮
ѨУ財̫ڴ˿ն֡
ÿһƽ˸žӨԲĹӡ壬УһƬ֮Ļգ
ʮ꣡
ѰǰòŴ̫вһɱС
Ļʮʮ֮أ̫ɱ֮
һбѰԻʩչǵֱƿֲ
ˣ
ͼ糱ʮأĻݺύһϯӳϿɷ죬¿ڤ
һĻȫ¶֮ɫ
ǺεȽ
¡
սϣ꽣Ű;ײһһʱ佣תɴܣ¡¡죬ս͵ҡ
̫£
֮ǰĽѰԾʱһѿƱ̬ɺʹʱսһȣʱԵð
ңڳǵһμѰʩչ֮Ҳǵһʶԭһƥɱĺڽӵ˿ֲ衣
Ҳ˸е˼顣
̳ɢͽȥͼսϣ޼Ӱܰ㣬Ӳǣһ˿
ͫţĶͷϲ亹һӶŲ԰֮ɫ
ΪӰܣһ͸Өķͣǣÿһƽ뼡ֻһ֮أ
ϸ޼ϼ϶һ㼦Ƥ
ԶѰֶȻ
һĻȫž޲Ϊ֮
𣬾ûܵסԽһɱ
˭ʱǽһʱ֣޼ϼѱҽ͸ж
ԭǽɱֶΡ
ŰУ޼ῪڣɫдпȻҲоº塣
ˡ
޼䣬Ǹһ֮ص̫ٿȻһƬ꣬Ѱʧ
ˡ
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Ŀһʤ̬¶սڳЩﶼ¶֮ɫ
һδص̫ˣ
֮ǰ˭ϵ˿ֲĽ
꣬Ļ٣
һղһĻ˲ͷƤ顣
ʵǣǵȽֹĿӴ̺ҲĿ¡
ˣһȾǰ˭֮ǰ뵽
дп
Ҳˡ
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ǿپޣվֹǰ֮ǰ
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½ɫء
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ֱڶѡУѰſʼսĺ
ڵѡοʼڣѰܺ롢ƿ¡Ľ޼ϡ
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ֹ֣ȵÿ£һɱֶΣ
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ͻҺɫͫ˸ѣѰһδλʤͬҲеݣʶ˴۵ȣһϵľС
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ૣɡ
ΨѰĵϸ
ûãڶԾĻ
½˳
˳̫Žᣬߴͳ֮һϼɽĴˣһƿغ츳ӡ
֮ǰսҲҫ֮
ں½ԾУ˳ҪѷɫһЩȻƴһֶΣҲ޷Ťתƣܡ
չֳֶΣҲڳ˶Ծѡ

Ͷл껨
һԾҲһӳΪĿǰΪֹܹעһս
ԭܼ򵥣ս˫̫ˡ
͵ǿͨһδս֤Լͬ޵Уһ·ѹʤ
л껨ıͬ޾ףȦɵ㣬ټĿǰΪֹΨһһлɱǰŮӣȻܵע
ʵϣһԾʼ󣬵ȷûڳʧ
ͺл껨ٲȻͬâչ¶ֶκ޲μ⣬ڸȺס
˵ЩһǿߣڳЩﶼҡҷĿѣ
еգȫߵĶԾǣ
ΨѰԵԵһЩҲýζżҲᱻ޵
ʱƣͺл껨սҲңȫһѽѷ֣ƾеļơ
˶޷޷ƶվ˭ܹʤ
Ҫֳֻܳʤʤһʩչĳѹ׵طǼĳֿɳ䵱ɱﵵر
Ѱд⡣
ҲиðЩ뷨ս˵һͼУٿȻһ̣ͭ渡ֳѪɫƣɢϡѪϢ
ڳ޲һ
̵ͭϢ̫ѪȣԶԶţľëȻ
Щͫһóһжϡ
۱
ɣ˱ͺġħꪡһڵ۾֮ӵйĪ֮ܡ
ˡ
ͼ̷ͭնŤݣӳֳһѪŻٿȻл껨Ƕȥ
л껨ٴУȫԸ֮Կ
ɽ䣬ɷףжɬȫѹơ
ԭڣͭתʱͷųѪγһֹܹµĸʴܣսֶζǣţӵı֮С
գǰˣҲ˲֪ϧ̾Ϣ
˭л껨͵սӦǲֲٵģհܾͰǼϡ
һĻ̵ƽĶڵѪɬૣ֪ˣҲýرл껨ʹõġ
ǵģҲл껨İܣȱһԺ̶ͭԿĵ۱
ʤνˣֻҪܲ뵽۵ʢͺãʱлĻҵϣһս
սϣл껨λãȻƽ仰תȥ
ʹһĨЦûж˵ʲô
ˣ۵ȵǰѡֱѰ½ˣ
½ܹΣС
ΨѰĽһɱΧǰ˴ϡ
һƥһڶѡΣֱڣûһΰܼ˵ҳɼһֱǰé̫ˡ
ǿ񵺵ˣһӬģ
ۺϲЦտԼѰͺ֧֡
վ˭ŵһ˭ֻڵڶλԾҪѡΡ


1907 Ϊ
̨ϣȫĿⶼ۽Ѱ½ϡ
۵ȵǰ
ճʱչǰ֮컯ȥ󣬶˽ԿΪһҹָ֮۷״̬
վָһ鵤⣬ֱѰ½С
һ궯
һЩﶼ࣬Ĵֱʾ
컯ǴڵĲҩŽƴ˵ĲϣҪǧ֮࣬ÿһֽĵر
񵤣ȫ޼ݣΪ򲻵ȻڴڣһĴҲ޷õ˵
ڣֻΪ˸Ѱ˻ָͳ컯βԾ
һЩǿ߸¶۵Ŀ⣬컯֮Ҳţ˵ָֹܼԾʥŲ˼á
ˣ˾ɢȥ
ڽյ۵ԾϢҲʱڴӴڴɢڣ䶯
ѰԺ̬ɱǰϢ

ϡ
УѰе컯
˵뵰ͨɫӡһƵƣϼת뵡
ŨҩֱĿ
ſʱ˵ʱһ´ۺɢ
һ˲ѣѰֻ紺Ұݰ㣬䱩ǣ˶ƮƮ֮С
䣡
תΪȫ
ʱѰԼǾʥڵΪǾһأҲֻһ߾ѣ
ǣΪıǣδӰһжֳһˮɵԲۺ֮С
ñ
Ѱޡ
óòѡ߽ԻõԴǰǿ컯һԺܵЩݵǿߣɿܲڵĺã
ִܹݾڵһͳǺֶΣȷѰ޷󼰵ġ
Ѱпһҡҡͷʼ¾ޡ

һ͡
һУ½أ̬Ȼ
ָ⣬ֳһĨõĵ⣬ܻǳɽӲľҲ¸Ǩ
Σ
Ϊչֳҵȫʵǿɾʹشˡ
ã½૳
һǾԵš

Ѫǰ¶Ҳ޷ãΪ˾ͼɵǾ͸ˡ
ͬҹɫУһϮۣڶУҲڳıյǰ֮
ڷɢҰеħһؼ䣬˵Ĺ⡣
һز¶ȻҲк֣½˽Ҳܽеƶ¶ǻܣֻܶһЩѹֶˡ
͸°ͣˮ

껨ɲ٣һ۱֮£ˡ
ҹ˾ͥԺУݷȰο
л껨Цϣҿûǰֻû뵽ǽһɱǰ˵θ߹˶֡
̸ѰݷҲɫȷʵһϵŴ˴۵ѡνע쳹Ͽա
ϣܷõһ
л껨
ݷ˳˵½ͣһľɱȣ˭ҲǷиǿĵơ
˶٣ز¶ģһɡ
껨Ƿע⵽ڵڶѡΣѾеڵĵѡУһǿĶ֣ȡöʤƺӲΪ˼ľ̫ƽ
л껨ϸ˼Ƭ̣ʱͷȷˣо˼ûзڶսϣʲô鶼޶Եӡ
ݷΪȻпڴУЩս̸϶հɣߣĽмǰ
л껨ĺһӱ𣺡ҵǺڴȼ־չ¶âʱָӵкεһɡ
һƳ
ݷڵڶѡʱһԲ˼ٶȣɱϵھŲ㣬½֮ǰΪһسɹǿߡ
ʱĽһչ¶ķâڳһڴﶼоޣ
ֻϧǵȳǷڴڣֻܿ棬޷ŵеࡣ
뵽⣬ݷ֮Կ϶½͵ĳ֣γһǿƣһٲұ
ǿɾĿԴˡ
л껨ãڴ

Ƶۣҹɫ·ڲͬĵط
ľ۵ȵǰ
һ½ͣ
ˣ˭ܶõһͷΣ
˶ڴš

һ硣
컹δ̨֮ѾӰ
顢˵һڴԼл껨ͼĽһһǿߣѵ롣
Ѱ½˵Ӱ̨ϣеĿʱȫ˹ȥ
գͽչǰ֮
һҹ½ƺ֮ǰˣ޵֮ɡ
½Ϣ΢仯
Ҳˣ֮䣬ˣǶԽյսġ

ֻǽһǰӣƽ޷һס
ͼѰ̬ͶзһЩͬȴʧˣΪѰǺǰһ
ս۵ȵǰ֮˽չյĶս
վӴ쳹ķһѰ½
һ̤϶ս
һ֮սغһһὫյȫʩչҪСˡ
½棬ŷЦ˵ʱɫɽӣ˭֮⡣
һ֤֮ǰѡζսδȫ
á
Ѱ˵ͷ
½֣Ӱƾ𣬻ӳһƬһƬƻõľӨꡣ
ָ⻮
ˣ
껯һ֮ɽ¡쾭γ¸ǨӿС
Σ
ɱѡΣ˽һ¾½ǵսֶζѱ¶롣
ʱġΡ֮ǰ½ʩչΨһĲͬڣʱĸ󣬶ҪԶ֮ǰΪǿͿֲ
Ѱɺ֮ǰǰ㣬ȭɱ׾Ȼ赭д
ߺܿͼɱһڶսһĻĻƿսȫĿⶼ
棬ηΣΪ棡
ٻغϺ½ƿڣϢ糤Ӱ㣬춯صĺ
ɲǼ䣬ֻǰһȻ֣½Ϣǽڽͻƾʥ֮ϣ׼֮
ţִ׼۾һԾ۾
ԶԶһӰλãâɣ۾и죬֮ƣ


1908 ٽ֮
дﶼһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
۾Ϣ
˿̵½ϡ
ڶսУѰͫҲһһ˿Ķ
϶Ǽٵģ
Ѱȷһ㣬½̤۾Ŀܻ뵽۵
Ѱǣսľ飬޷һ˿ֻ֤½ӿֳĵ۾Ϣ̫ʵˣ
䣡
½ˣ̤Ǭ󣬻ּ䣬·γҡ
ƥ貵ĵ⣬嫵ĺѰ
˶һ亹ëȻսƣǾʥܹգ
ǽһΣˣ
ҲڴʱѰȻЦˡ
гɫϼзٵ֮Ϣͷţԭɽ绯һԡĻ
⣬
˷ӭǰյĻϮȼգӭƥײһ
¡
½ǳӯ۾ƵһڿֲײУһ绯ҽ׷ٻһգ
⡭
ȫҲ˴˿̲ʶ½ǳ۾ƵԲġ
ĻĿ׾ͱ
ɱ
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һʱ䣬ǶսһζҵĻ󸲸ǣ


1909 Ѫ֮
ৣ
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˱͵ɱﵣѪ֡ڵ۾УܿһѪ磬ѹ飡
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ӭʮɸߴ֭ͭҺֳİԭʼϢ
ܣһ⣬ʮأ
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Ѫ̣֮
Ƭ̺أһץ
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ͼ
Զʮ֮½͵һΣü䷺ʹ֮ɫ
ԭƿصĴʧصס
ʱƿɱӰһĨɫ磬ٿȻ½ǰ
ݺһĳ
һ½ܼʱӦ˫۸񵲣һ֮ȴֲףһ֮£˫ѪǶ飬ɽײݺݵɳȥ
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Ӻ䣬ɱǰԵƥ
ģһĨŴ̺âٶۣ
½һɫɷףͫоʹ֮ɫ
ţһƺɡ
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1910 ߱Ѫ֮
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ڣҾ䣡
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1911 ͷ
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ʵϣѰҲûº֣Ļ͵ֵܼͣڡ
֮ˣΪѰ۵ѡΣԷչڵĴˣ£ҲûлɱԷĻᡣ
Ͼǹ飬ڳϲ鷢۵ѡС
ɱãֻܺݺݱԷһٳһˡ
䣡
սУˣڣͷɢѪ˺
˶¶֮ͬɫ
ղŻǰźͿһƵģڣȫǱŰģ
ˣ˶סÿһαѹɫһò
ס֣
ʱ̲סҪֹһԾˣʵЩĿͱŰˡ
Ѱš
ʱ˵Լ䣬;ݡ
ѰҪģ֮֮
䣡
ܼ̫Х£죬Ӳԣء
ǿֲޱߵϢ̼£˵ڸе־壬ʶԼٲ䣬עסһ
䣡
˻켷
ৣ
콣ٿȻͣھͷ֮ء
ͷ
ʱͶԣͷ


1912 ɧ
䡪
͸ŷŭֵصؼ䡣
мžһƬ
еĿⶼž⣬ڶսϡ
̱ڵأڣԡѪ֮
ͷһƬ͸ӨȼյĽŲǣ˵
ԶѰӰɡ
мܣ˴
Űò䣡
ĿһĻǣȫԡ
͡
ˣ
һͿǽһǰ澡ʧ

Ѱһӣ콣鳲ʧڡ
´ٺ˶ս˵һЩϻŰʱȴòģǿɾ̫ˡ
ѰЦ仰ƮȻ뿪ս
ɫ粻ݶҧ飬һս̫ܵңȫǱŰһ١
ֹ˶־ڱصõĵһҲȫ
ܹ۵ȵĵڶɵʱĿ֪ܲһһ٣
һ
Ŀ

Ѱ¶սȫĿⶼ۽ϡ
һ࣬ʳˣÿ϶д𾪺ء
ˣս
Ѱʤ
ʤһ
½ܣ
޿ɣʱ֮Ѱ۵ȵĵһˣ
Ӯˡ
ӮӮˣ
䶯
ѩľϣֳ˵Цݣϼ˫գҲǼޱȡ
˺ʮ֮һһ綼Ҫܹѡɱһժ۵ѡεһͷΣɼ֮ס
ڣѰˡ
٣ǧ꽣һսӮƯ
ƴЦʹޱȡ
и꣬ԼʦүСʦ壬Ӳ˵ð
ӣȷǵĿܣһƥԾĺ֮սҲǴ۽硣
п
ڳҲĳ
֮ǰ˭û뵽յĵһᱻһһƥá
͵һսЩϼһﶼоޣܵǰδеĳ
̾Ϊֹò½ૡ
Ϊθо¾ǺһսҲûнһȫ̶Ƴ
л껨ãɫȻ
˿̵ĽһĿĴڣл껨Уȴ͸ˡ
Ԩɲ⣡
ͼĽ޼ϡɽеȵǿߣһҲɫӡ
һ
Ǵ˴۵ϳֵһһκ˶û뵽Ӯң
к䶯Ȼڡ
۵ͣ˹ע
񵺵ˣɫ࣬ؿڷơ
ֻǣͬҲ˹ע
ڵ졣
۵Ļй۵ȵϢ쫷㿪ʼɢ˷֪ٺ䶯
ʲôһǵһ
½;Ķ֣
һҲ̫ˡ
֪۵ǿߣ޲еʹ㵣š
Ͼ˭뵽һ۵ȿʼ֮ǰˣȴ۵֮ѹȺۣõһ
ǷûУһӲ۵ѡ񣬷ǵûһܣһ
һѡΣʮʤļ¼Ϊʮҫ۵һƥ
ڶѡУǵһŲĴڣ½˽Ա˦󡣡
յѡУɱΧ޵̬֮½½͵ˣһٶõһ
ѰϢõܺǳԾһʵ
һģƴ۵УѰĽһǴԺ䶯µ漣
λϹͽ
һһжǿ
죬ȫѼһЩڴ˵鱨
һʱݾڵѰ
ϧֱҲ֪ʵݡ
һѰδĿ֣Ҳû뵽һˣڶǰ֮Ļʱǿչŵ磡
ֵ÷зʱѰ½͡л껨ͼʮˣܵ˹ȴټ
һϵĵС
ׯࡣ
ڣͥ־ٰġ۵ʢᡯڰС
ʱʮ˽н磬ǰƵͥһ˴ʢᡣ
ʮƣһһպá
˵ţһӣʮӳһһѰС
Ѱһصĥɣӡһʯͼڡ
ϣĪҪ˶Ը֪˴۵ȣֻǾݾڣܹ۵ʢģ£һһľ
ӣѵ롣
Ѱ˽Եͷ
Ҳ۵ѡΣͬںݾڡ
һÿһݵǰʮʸ뵽۵ʢС
ˣͥʮսӵܺʹˣԼǿҲ뵽һ۵ʢС
Ԥ۵Ļʱܹеǿߣעһһͱ̬

ڵ죬۵ѡεǿߣڸɡĳ£½ȥ
ѰҲڵ뿪·
ѾͺԼãں󣬾Ϳʼ׼ǰ彪ϵ顣
ಣ
ϣһұƿշɶݣѰڵķɳ۶ȥ
ϣѰϥڸһβμ۵õľ顣
ҾʥڣֻһߣԵ֮ƿҲɵز
Ѱ˼⡣
һ۵ȣɿһսĶָȴѰòٺô
Դ۳壬ƿءٽ֮ͫ
̷컯ΪһأͻƾʥڵıԵ
ѵõǣһѡζԾʶ˸ָĵ֮⡣
Ҳĵ֮򣬻±ľ顣
˼ãѰϣȡܹڲμ۵ʢ֮ǰһٽΪͻƣͬʱ֮Բز
䣡
أ͵һҶ紥Ƶġ
ǰԵѰһʱѳƾһ۾Ϳǰ·ϣһȺӰ㡣
Ϊ׵ģһ꣬ͫ磬ˣɢ׼۾ǿϢ
ߣӵһȺˣپ׼
лһѰϤӰȻǺ롣
ˣ֪ʲô𣿡
俪ڡ
ѰɫȻۣ˵Żܲ³ġ
붼ˣĻ᲻׼ʲô£
ң뿪ʱϵ۵Ļ󣬿϶˻Լȡжȴû뵽Է֮졣
ȻˣȰûĪҪֿԹԵظһ⡣
ɫĮȻ
˵ʱ˷ɢΣΧ֮ƣѰ߱ȶ
Ѱ䣬Ȼξ
۵ϣһЩ̺ʵֵ̫ۣ𲻱Ҫķ粨
ô˿̣ɽҰ֮أ󺣣ԸֶεıҪ


1913 ɱ
һȣΧ
ÿ˵ϢԿƿֲ󺣰㣬ƬɽȫС
׷ߣɫһ˿ڵĿܡ
۵ȵһΣ
֮Ͻ޽һ
׼һ֣ǷЩ̫Ƶˣ
һŮӿڣŹ°֮ɫ
Ͼһλѵһˣָն۵ѡεһӡ
һЦе
һСһЩˣȻҶߣбౣֶΣ﷭ˡ
Ϊ׵ѡ
˴۵ȽǾչжһ·ϽѰ
֮ѡڴʱ֣һȷѰȷһߡ
ƬλããȺɽ̺ĳǳأҲ֮ңԶ
ڴ˵ɱѰҲݱ˷֡
ϾѰôҲ۵ȵĵһº󽫻нȥμ۵ʢᡣ
£֪ЩɱѰעҲǴصӰ졣
ˣǷԹԸһˣ
˹ʵ
ʱѽƬȫѰΪ֮׸
ѰɫȻЦұΪ񵺵˻̲סһԸңȴû뵽ĻЩϲߵĴ˵ʵпЩʧġ
˵ʱһ۽Ѱڷת
ߣ֪
ŮߣѰһСһ⣬Сǲ
ৣ
̽һӣһƬɫϼӳӨӨӲӣ⽻֯ԶѰֶȥ
׼۾赭дʵȴƿֲʥ塣
ѰЦȥ
䣡
ܣȻֳһڴԨɢ¯¯ԨԨ

һƬɫϼ⻹δִͱûһգ丵βʣ
Ů΢䡣
ѰӰһɱ
ָ⣬ճһĨ貽
˫ƥ
ȥ޻أ
¾۵ϣѰʩչļڴ˿ȫһС
ã
Ůڣ巢֮ͫڣӿ֮ɫһɲһĴ
սɵıܴ̼£ԥȫеֿ
ˣ
ϣֳһ⻷ͷѤã׼۾Ĵ۶ɡ
һУ˰⾢ˡ
ն
һٿն¡
䣡
ըƥĽ֮УݿնŮһ⻷
һĻ絶жƵģŮΪġ˰⾢ת˲

ŮӷУ͸ž֡
Ȼֹ
ΪһѽնһΪѪֱܵըѪ
ǰɲǼ䣬һ׼ۣ
ͻıʣ˶ȥӪȣӦʱͿŮӱնһĻԶȻһȻɫ䡣
ܣ
һʥȴ̬һն׼ۣ£˭˾׵飿
̫£
ѰӰʧһ̣ͳһǰ
䣡
ָӡݺĳ
һӡѣȴɵأֲֳޱߵơ
߻л񣬾ɱһ飬ԥȫԸ
ʮָ繳ǰ鱧
ˣ
һƬӲӵķͼ۶ϼʢʳƾķ
׵ײ쳹
ǽӲӵķͼȻըѰһӡȴձסˡ
ɻȰɿǰ͵һʹ
ͼѰͫУӿֳĿֲ棬ٿȻ
ٽ֮ͫ
һ߷ҽУ˶͸Ļǡ
ɲǼѣͻҽʧգ
Ƿٽ֮ͫİԵ۵ϣѰҲʩչֻǲδȫܡ
ʱͷŵķٽ֮ͫͻȻ֮䣬ٽһ׼۾ڣ
Ů֮󣬰Ҳɱ
ǰ󣬲ָ
ϣ
֣
ɱ
ǽԶˣһɫ࣬дŭ
˭Ҳû뵽Ÿտսֻ䣬½λͬ鱻ɱ
ǴֲҲȫԤϡ
ѰչֳĿֲǶʼеĺͼɵţһʥܹյ
Σ˿̵ǽԶѲκγɣ
ʱѰӰƾһٶȳʱȻһ䡣
һϮ°ɫ䣬ǧԣ֮ǰǰ㱩
һԨȻˮʡ
Ϊ˿̵Ѷñ֮
Ҳ̤Ϸҡǿյִ񣬵һԱݳս


1914 ͷŵѰ
ϤϤϢϤһС
Ѱľع鱾𣬾󺣣ɽ֣˶òһˡ
Ѫ磬ڵıԴںͶ֮䣬չ¶ħķɡ
þò
Ѱип
ৣ
һƷɹ⼤һɵߴ糤ϸӨŴĿҫ۵⡣
ҲС
һ貵ĹѰֱ䳤죬µǰ㣬ƥķâͷɵײһ
ϸǺȻǶУ

ϼĽУնȻըݡ
Ƿɵ˵һҲʱֻڡ
һ𣬲ݷɵһ¶ݣǿıʥҪ̥֮ڽУȴˣ
ͬʱҲѴӲͬɱ
ಣ
һɫĹӡеתȻк¡
裡
һͷţӰ춯صʵʵɫɢ
ͣ
һɫսì̿գһɫ磬֮ܽɽӶ
ֱֹλ׼۾ƷɱѰһ˲䣬Ƭ򶼶һɽԺȻĩ
ƣ
Ѱ˿ᣬֱӴ߶Уһҳ磬ɫӡɱһ
Ԩ壬ڳɵزĵ֮򣬺ǰС
¡
ӿɫըԨĵ֮ûͬһͷţӰݺײһǣڰɢ
ͬʱ޾̫Хÿһ׼ޱȵնɱĽɫսìϡ

һ̶ܼײ
գɫսìͬˣӿĽݺɣӰģѹòѪ
ն
Ѱ磬һӡ
ƴ߷бâ֮ʢɽӶʧɫ
ɫӡͫһ͵
ֻУţʮָػɬӡͼɫӡϣӳ籩ɫ׵磬ֳ𡢴ֲϢ

ֻɫֲȴסƬ̣ͱӲɢ
նɫӡʱһף͵ص˳кȻ
ҵӡط߶ֵסһʥĹֲ
һ׼۾Ϲ纣ʥ֮ȣƾ֮ǰһ׼۶û׻ȴڴʱѰƵܲ
һҲΪȡʱ䡣
ȥ
Ӱγһѩս̤ն͵һն
꣡
磬лһҫ۵ĺۼ
һ֮Ե޷ݣ貳ʢĵհ˰ɣޱӲӵǺӵ
ⷽضƱһ룬âδֲɱϯ
֮ԾԵ쾡£
ҫһ
һΪ۷һ¸ĥǧ꣬һС
䵶
ʥǿߣȵ⣬˺ǵ񣬸еޱȵľ
ߣ
Ѱ̧ȭͷ޾貵⣬һȭմȥ
¡
ض°
ʢȭﲻ̣ﲻ͵غһһ
Ǵ޾ɾںϵ֮һȭ
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ӻھֻԼһ·һӭĴɽϣսɳȥ
ǿ
кȻ
һ󾳽磬ȴӵսΪ׼۵ӣе˼
䣡
һ졣
貵ĵױȭһգѰȭҲ֮ɢȭನͬХ㣬˷ϯƬɽӾ쫷ɽʯ飬ľ̳
һѰӰҲһΣȴ
ĿһĻڳЩ׼һ޷ˡһˣնɱλ׼ۣһģ·磬սֱ޷
ԶһֱĺһͷƤ飬ɫ䡣
۵ʱıȣ˿̵ĽһȫͲһˣֲ˿ҪϢ
춯ȫ
걩ȣ߶ɫӡǿʢ
ˣ
ɫսìˣȼգһֺƵĽɫգԶɱ
һ࣬˼һŹͷ׵飬֮⾪ˡ
Ҳһָգӿֳ֮򣬻һ磬ǧҡҷˣÿһӿֳһӰзޣҲоֹȡ
֮磡
úá
Ѱһĵս⳹ױȼ
ȵһȫݵز绯һڴԨبؼ䡣
ƣ
չǰ塣
¯¯ԨԨĵ֮ɢգڣӿ
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Ƭնһڿе
䣡
鰧׹䣬һ׼۷ƺߣӰˣÿһ£նһζ
ţɫսìɣսì׼¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǹɫֱӾͱʧӰ٣귢ŭĴУѪڡ
Ψǻ֮ڶԿǧԼӰԶԾ˵ٶȿή
ܻ֮׼ۣѪ
һ֮ڴˣ
ɫ䡣
ˣǱߣмնɱô˻ᣬһ׼ò׹䡣
Զĺ뵹ð
һһģռϷ磡
Ҫ֪ǿλ׼۴ڣֻһʥ
λӲҵĸ󻼣
ɫ࣬һһ٣Σձ뽫ˣ
˽ɫصصͷ
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ѰԨĺУս
Ҳ񣬵һκһ׼۽֣ܵѹȴѪš
ΪѾܾò㼫ͷˣ
¡
λ׼һˣѹױʩչ֮һͷųƣǵصƣǬߵ޹⡣
׼۵޿ƥеϢȻ¡
һ̣ѰҲ̲סɫء

糤Ӱڱĺ֮ͨľȫȼհ緢

Ѱâ䣬͵ؽɵزĵ֮ݵһȭ֮С
һȭȫȫϣһȭֳѣĺ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
һֲ̣ײ쳹أããĵ⻯ĺ˷ӿȥ
ԶⷽضҡΣļ
󣬹ޱȵһĻˡ
޾Уһȭ壬֮ﰧɢ
ϼɢʱλ׼һɫأš
ΪǳֵȫһȭӲ⣡
졭
Զĺʧǣ֮ǰ޷巢ʲôѰ׿ȻӰʱе𺳸޷ơ
̫ǿˣ
һȷʵǵһһͥĺĴˣҲˣȫܵסΣ
ڡ
֮ǰܹɱҵλͬ飬ȫռ˳䲻Ļᣬڣٲܰ쵽һְɣһ⣬Ŀܡ
в
Ǻǡ
Ѱ¶м֮ɫչ壬ڶӿֳһ޵аơ
ȫ˭ֵܵ
һ仰쳹
ڤ粻飡
ߡ
𡣡
ѰӰһΣŲƶȥ쵽޷Ŀȥ׽
һ̵ںޱչɱ¾ˡ
ȫһ£¾ɱ¾һ£һľ־ϵı仯
ɱ¾֮µѰжֲ˺ܿᵽˡ
ৣ
Ӱͻأسǰ
ӻӵɱѩսԣƥķӵϯ
Ѱܣ֮˲佫ͬնһС
֮ڣնһԨУϢһգûһ˿
ƥѹƣԨ׹䣬ƾһѵĸо
ã
ȴ޼£ͷųȫϢɡ𡭡
ӦǴԨĵ֮һ䣬¯ѹкݺ

ڸе֣С
Ѫ⿪ʼһۻʧ񶼱ٵ
䡪
ӻҷ
¡
Ѱ֮ʱλ׼۾ʧһ˿ۼϢû¡
⡭
ܣ
ӵȽʣµλ׼ۣһֱðĿѡ
䣡
ٲҳɣȫƴˡ
һΣѰӲ֮ǰĶսѾᵽƾӲУȥɱ׼۾ڡ
ֻҪӲȥһһ򲢷¡
ৣ
Ӱ˸ŲУߣͲͶԷӲ
ֱƬ̺ڱѰץסᣬ͵ǰֳֽɫսì׼ǿǰ
ģֳһߣͨ徧Ө͸֬ƿƿʻɬĪĹΡ
׼˴ˣ



1915 ħ
ƿ
ѰӨ͸ƿУٿȻһ
ȥ޻أ
ͬһУ֮ǰѰɱŮʱùһΡ
ֻƿʩչĴУϢȫһѰʩչһ

ײУһ˽ɫսìݺɣִսì׼ֱۣӶѡ
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䣡
ֲһĻˣλ׼۾壬ڽ֮£ֱӺȻ飬ɢ
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ʱڣ̸Ц֮ѰΪ֮Ϊλ׼һֻ֣ǶԸһʥ˶ѣȫǴСá
ڣսƬ̶ѣ½λ׼۱ɱ
Ůڡȥ޻ء֮¡
ڡٽ֮֮ͫ¡
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ʱִƽɫսìӣڴƿ֮£
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ĶѪŭʺ;塣
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ɫ䣬ƴɱ
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䣡
˫鰴ǰˮŰͷųûݿɽӰİơ
һ࣬ҲʩչѹֶΣһ֣ʮ˿ɫͷ׵ӳγһ֮˳¹Ե⡣
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ԭѰһȭǺͷ­ģȴӽͨзӦ꼰ʱܡ
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䣡
ݣ굹ɳȥɷףǻݣܵش
ԶĽӱɱһĻεѡ
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һ˲ǰһڣһԨֶ£ʩչطܣӰȴһɿֲǯơ
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䣡
Ѱĵ֮ȫת˴꣬ʱ촷ը
侫ͬһֲܵɣڶ̶գۼͻҷ
£ѰƾӳԨ֮󣬺ڷƮһԶŴеħ

ԶĿһеĺɵۣʧأֱҲʱ˾㣬ʧУ
ⲻܣⲻġ
ֵ˻쳹Ƭɽ֮ϡ
룬һʥڣ۵ѡУΪʮ֮һҲڵڶѡӱ
㿡ܣݾҲһ޵Ĵڡ
ɴʱȴܾȵȣĿѣɥ
ˣ
ѰٿȻںǰȻӣһԺвһĨ
ڸе
㡭㾿˭
̧ۣǰѰƵһʶ㣬еޱȵİ
ͷ㻹⣿
ѰȻ
ֻǸҿ϶ϴûһнһˣܹھʥУɱô׼ۣ
۾ɺ죬͸ź⡣
ǰҲĿܻ֮ᷢ£
Ѱ̾
㾿˭
˻緢һûǡ
㶼Ҫˣ֪˭кã
Ѱ˵գһӡ
䣡
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ͬһֶԵ֮ã¯ʱܻ¯֮壬ԨʱܻɴԨ֮
ת˲䣬뱻ɱɢ
˻Ѱ˭
ʵѰѿľѱܵ¾ԼɱҲһմӡ
ûʲôпѰʼɨеսƷ
Ƭ̺
ಣ
ڿգѰŲƶȥ
ֻһƬĿɽӡ
Ѱ뿪ûãһ˳֣Ϊ׵ĺȻǿ񵺵ƽˡ
Ųͬ׼ϢȻ𳡾ӦǷ伤ҵѪս
Ŀһɨжϡ
ƽ̣ѵǽһѾһɱˣ
̲סʡ
ҡͷɫ𲻶в׼ϢˣƲⲻӦˡ
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ǽһһ˵·ѵڰаɣ
˽һɲ
߰ɣ̻š
һϡ
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˶һˣ
һһߣĿụ̂ûƬУλ׼䣿ҶɣڴӱǷһ۾桭
˳
۾
һ仰ȻһһҲǣܹɱλ׼۵ĴڣĿѰ֮
£˴һ˴ҴҶȥ
ߣЩһﵹǴ
뿪ûãƬɽӸڵĴӰֶ
ƽ̣һСѵսδҲֲ̫ˣ֪ʲô
̲סʡ
֮ǰںĴ£׷Ѱ֮ǰһսʱǽһһС
ԭǴģ룬սһʼѰնλ׼ۡ
ţƬʱ䣬׼Ҳһһ
ѪȵһĻĻЩϼһﶼ𺳣㶼Լ۾
Ͼһʥȴɱ׼ɱ㣬磬˭˾׵飿
ȻأҲûǲĻᡣ
ܽһС˭֮£κй¶λף

һݣͷӦ
ˣŰһʦүСʦ壬ݺʵȻѰɱȣ


1916 ͭڵ̫֮
ϡ
Ѱһƣóһѵҩʼ̷
֮ǰɱͷţоյػɱλ׼۾ڣȴҲ
ʩչͨһӳһ
սҲѰʶԼӵеսѴɲϵ׼۾ڡ
ѰҲ׼۾ܹʥ֮ϣƿصעҲǿƥ
Լ׼УʲôɫԿ϶ǣ׼۾УҲǿ֮Ľɫ
׼ۣ
ΪʥڣƿؼԲĵ֮ʱ׼ۣӦҲԲˡ
Ѱһһ˼⡣
֮·Ī⣬ǿչŵһ磬עǿ֮ľ
ɲΪԼڴ˾УĿ޵ˡ
֮УȲҲԷƱľϵļأҪġ
ǡ
ѰȻ룬УһöƣӨ͸ɫƣϱӡ֡
ûãƾƵĸӦѰѰٵͨºеڡ
һУһڡ
Уһ磬ҝģûķ֣ÿ˽мҴҡ
ѰѼֲ֣һիѰֱӵݳеɫơ
Ӥ
ѰһѪɡȹԼڷīŮʱɻо֮С
ӣ롣
ɫƣߵɫʱˣһַĵغ͹˳֮ɫ
һֻΪ׼ĵУѰ˵Լ⣺ҪһЩ
˵ţһӣһѱֶ︡һСɽƵģʣҽԻԡ
ЩѰ뿪֮󣬻ɱʱõսƷ
֮ǰɱλ׼۵ıҲС
ȻһЩõ䱦ղֵģòϵһЩƷ
λʥˣһߣһӣһĻüٴðŻع
ֻǵѰʱĿⶼ
λ϶ͷ
ǿʼæһյ蹦򣬲Žбϡ
ǧһ
ЩۼۣΪѰɫƣۼۺϽֻһɡ
ӣڵĵºУһʱҲղôҪһЩʱ䣬ȴ˵
С
ʱȣǵȲ
Ѱü
ĶԷ̰ռЩһɫƣǣҲ塣
⡭
λʥ˶ʱˡ
죬ӺȻӣʱһصıȤɵ
ѰŶһȤ󣬿ҲھóôЩǿѡ
룬˵ưɡ
ӴҴҶȥûþʹһ޴ͭӷء
ͭа˸ߣ߿⼣߲ϲɣ渲һغɫͼ
ѰһۿһصķӡݾԶ
ͭӷ£ǻóһԿķͼ롣
¡¡Ħ޴ͭӱ򿪡
ڵľ󣬶ʱӳѰ
һöȭͷСͭӡһ˰߸ߵӻС죬һƴСҝԼһظľ
ļÿһֶɫ󰵵ԣѷǣһͭ
ϸӦȴܷ֣ÿһɢһ²ɣϢ
ӣļͬӣʱһλ֣˵Щﴫ̫ʱڣÿһž춯ذܡ
ӵڣǼ𣬵ȷ֣ЩӦþǴ̫ʱǷ춯أͲ˵ˡ
߲Щȱʧһѷϣʵ䲻򵥡
ָһöȭͷСͭӡ˱ҲûκԣƶûУȴʮ֮أʥң޷˿
ٱһ˰ӻ죬أ˵ϣᦵϣԿδţδ
ҵҲһЩϵļʦҲ޷ϳ˱ɺεƶɡ
ͭӡһӻСУë֪ȴˮ֣ҵʥ֮ȫ˺Ҳ޷˴˿
һ͸ľҲͬĪ⡣
˵⣬һĿ⿴ѰѰȤشЩнԶһ
Ϸ
죬ѰʵЩǺ۳
һӣ˵Ǽҵ䣬ʵΪԼӰУòЩ洫֮Իȡ㹻ĵĺá
˵
Цǣһﾹ˵ϣ̫ʱڽ棬ЩҲǴд
ЦʱҲŽɣʦмյóһۣЩǴҲ̸ʲô춯صı
ѰҲЦˣô˵ǴЩ̸Ͼ춯صıˣ
λʥһʱˡ
ӣ̸Ͼ춯أЩôҲ̫ʱֵɲù
ԣԭ㽫ЩߣիĴ¼ɼȻ˹ӣȤҲ軨׷𣬽֮۸
˵޷Ϊ̧Щļ۸ˡ
ѰȻһ㡣
һЩҪٵۣ
Ű
ʥ˶һۣһ𱨳һ
̫ˡ
Ѱҡͷ
λʥ˶æ͡
ӣҲˣЩ俴ۣԴ˵׼©۸治ߡ
ǰʵʱҲǱ۸񣬺òײ԰˰ʮļ۸񣬴λһԷӦ
˰ʮŰѰڵºѾһܹļ۸
ѰˣͷӦ
λʥ˶ʱ˿Цһܴ뽫Ҫӵıˡ
£ȡǧװһУͬǾ޴ͭһ𣬽Ѱ
ѰһӣЩջ£ûٵ飬뿪
ɾ߳ͼһ꼱ҴҶ
Ѱ뿪λʥʱʱеλ洫ܲ
Ѱʱֹˣͼ꣬ղ԰ףһޱ߷ģ
ΪҲ̤ʥˣȴֻһαʥ
ǸѾȥˣء
ɫ䵭
Ը߼ֻۣҪؾУ
꽹
ЦիʲôˣһɣЩɾٲУοЩǶˣĿأ
߲õ
ѰѳףһͭڵıӦþǰ
λѣæô
ȻԶһϸһɫߵ޳Ӱ


1917 ȸ
ɫߣһϮ£Ӱ޳
һӰʱѰͫײײһУܵһڳǿϢ
ԷԾݣϢڣɶսɵֱѰ˺ܲ򵥣
ӺͰüʶɫߵӣǺһġ
ǸҪھܾȴһ
ΪɫӵĿ⿴񶼲ڣ类һڸ
һѣիǡ
˵꣬ɫо˵죬ǳ˰˰ʮЩҿԸļǮء
ϸ͸һɶصĴԣ񵶷ɰʯϻƽȴݾܾ
ļ۸
ӺͰһʶղѰЩԶǰ򵥡
ɽѾɣҲС
ңѰֳɫƶĹǿɲڴʱڵľٶ
ǸЩȷʵ۳
Ӵ˻һֻһϣһɿֲɽХϢѹȶ㵱
ͼɫӵȻ˭ˣҪһȷĴ𰸣ٲ˵ҿɲʲôի
һһ䣬¶ǿ֮־ѹȡ
ӺͰ߽Դ죬¶ԷϢֲ̫ǶҪܲס
ѣǿѿɲá
ڴʱѰһɫص˻ǰɫӡ
ʱӶҪ˻ȣѹȻʧһɡ
ţ
ɫĿⶢѰͫ׳ɫ嫵ĺ˵ĵâתС
Ѱ̩֮Ȼɫ
Է¶ǿɻ޷Ӱ쵽ľ
˼ССڣһ
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Ѱüëһв
ɫӵԵǡ
Ѱǰһ̤
˲δоʲôɫȴһܵһֲƥɱϣëǶ
֣
ͫȻתȫл⣬Σ޷һɿֲɱ
ɫһ䡣
ˣȷıˣ
ѰȻڡ
ʲô
ģصеѣܲҳ߼ۣ
ڣûˣһȥ
ɫһӡ
һ˷ɳȥݺݵʮ⣬пѪ
ôܷڣ˵ֻҪҽͻıꡣ
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Ѱ֪֮ҪЩȫǱ˵ʹЩ洫
ŵģǰɫӡ
ѣóһԸˣ֪ҵݣǲô
ûԶǴ󺰴е꣬ɫĿһֱѰϸһֻҪ㽫ЩｻҸļ۸񡣡

ӺͰɫһ䣬ʶЩע䲻򵥡
ѰЦˣһͷβһ߸ϰİ̬ƽʵ¶̬ȿɽ֮
ָ֣̽ɫӵĲץȥ
赭дҲ̸϶졣
ɫкâһҲƱŭΪж
ˣ
貵ɫı䣬Ŀޱߣնֽ㱻˺ѿ
۾󺧡
ɾȿֲһƣڰ;Ϣرһָòѣݺݵ
Ѱָѳһ߬סԷʺŷԷһ˰ա
ɫкȻгȴоѣһֿҪϵס
µǣȫȫѹƣƾתͷ
һ˭
ݾںʱһǿ
ҲˣҪɱ㣬練ơ
Ѱ䡣
飡
һƵĽɫȥڣҲһҸ棬
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ĿⶢѰ˰죬һﲻתȥ
ѰûҲͲıԷΪիɫӣܿʱαװ
ӣǼ£ɵСһЩ
ѡ
ѰЦЦûж˵ʲôھ뿪
ֻʱһҲߡ
һľٰ֣ĲԸܷѰֱӾͱδˡ
뿪ºУѰҲûж»壬ڵķȥ

ǡ
һջС
ɫӴҴУһǰ㡣
һժϸǵߡ
ʱϢ仯ԭ޳ӰһԼϡ
ģһͫ籦ʯ촽
ΨѩϸĲϣɺָۣ
ԭһŮݣ

΢΢ڣԭϸˮ
ϢؿһˬʵЦдȸôôˣж˳
У¯һ̬꣬бһ֮ϡ
ߣһȺŮС̷ţһɣԼˣ޾ףλá
еİ紷ȣеΪʳź΢
һͭɫʯӲӢʣ絶丫̰Ƿ
һǳƵģ֮䣬ɷһ֮
ȸŮ԰ף߽͹ڵϣжʧˡ
ʱеձüžЩŮжֹͣĿ뿴ȸ
еĳֻеͬ飬һ£ˣ
꽫еһ³ȸ£˵˵ô¡
ᣬȸȴ˸λǺεϲŭ޳ɱ
һ֮ǰڵºеľһһ˵
꣬Ȼ˽غˣ֪Ǻεݣ
ȸҡͷ
վߵڵϵȸǰѩײϵɺָۣ۵Ǽһֱ̫ˣһ㶼ϧưǵСȸĥãҶȥˡ
ȸ¶֮ɫū澰²
㣬˭뵽һССǣðһƷǿߣǵСȸһλʥڵǿ߰
򣬵¿ɲ꣬ЩҷѾѪźòײ̽ΣҲܾˡ
˵ţԼԴˣ븽һţڰɣˣһǵӦܹܿҵ


1918 ر
˵꣬;ֱȥ
ߣ²˳٣Щɶͷ۾˶ˮ
ЩǧĵŮæϡ
ȸããοɾҪˡ
·ȸߣЦ
ȸһûǡ
ʵղҲһ亹ĶɤۣΨȻº֣ˡ
飬ɷֹһΣ

ɳڵĺϡ
ʲô֣
ɮԶɡ
ɮΪգ
ԣҼһĺĿɮ𷨸ӵп֮У˼ȢӣɮΪա
ϣѰںԳƽɮԶɵ꽻̸
ɮԶԵúʵѱѰʲôʲôȻҲѰǿߣܵġ
ô˵ͭڵıлã
Ѱ˸
ɮԶɺԥǵȻǴɫߵļһܻļǮҪ
ɼȻ洫Ϊξ͸ô
Ѱһ仰ɮԶɫڨڨ̾Ϣҵ䣬ʵֻһαʥԭҲôΪҶܹͳУҲֻˡ
һɫӣ⵱׵Ȼû£ȴ뿴ŶӸһΪܹڴ·ߵø߸ԶһЩ洫ʲô
Ѱû˵ʲô
һ׵ģȻɮԶɿǺܣݶõĺǻ͹ذȴ˶ݡ
ܸܲ˵˵ЩѰ
ɮԶɲ㲻Ƕ֪𣿡
˵
ɮԶɳ̾ЩǴдҲԣЩ⣬أȴûʲôôҶţЩʲô춯صİأοЩˣ
һӱһɮһһῴͱܡ
¹ȥȴûһܹЩİء
ֱɮԶУѶЩﲻʲôϣˣҲó
˵˵ɣ٣ҶһѰ
ɮԶ˼Ҽ淨šҶݼأǼҵĵ伮ֻأһ˲Ĵɾж˲ȴ޴ӵ֪
ЩɮҺֻ֪Ҷ棬һ֮ı¯Ǳ¯ܹӳһĪĵ۱
⣬ѰһԺиֳһ֣ĸ¯
Сء֮ء
ؾأǾŴؾÿһؾڣһ۱Ǿż۱
ż۱ĸ¯Ƴֱؾŵ۱
ѰӵеĴƿ޾̵ƣؾŵ۱֮
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ȴƬ̣Ѱһûˣ
ɮԶε̫ʱڵ飬ЩɮĿ֪ô
Ѱһ
룬أ
ɮԶɾѣ޶ɮЩ洫ѵɱڲɣ
Ѱ̲סЦˣ㲻ӰͳҰæ֤һŵҲػѡ
ɮԶѰˣѣģ
Σ
ݵͳ˭˲֪Ǻܰأ
ѰϾʹȥ½ˣҲǶһЩ
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ʱ
ΡӵɽǰѰɮԶƮȻ䡣
Сѣ롣
ɽУڳϺӰһʱ֣ѵȺǡ
лˡ
Ѱ˵ͷһ𣬽ڡ
ۼѰܵصĴɮԶɶʱţѰ֮ǰӦԼ飬ǿ̸
ºˣǺҲЩ콾һͳˡ
ɮԶмĸо
ף˭޷Ϊ˸飬ΪŮܸϢȫԸһУ
塣
ԭƽ̺֮أѰݾӡ
ѰִʱЦӭСһٶ۵ȵһͷΣϲɺء
ѰҲЦż
λǣ
Ŀ⿴ѰԱߵɮԶɡ
ɮԶɻһ£ŵöͷֱð亹ڵƽ̣û˵
û뵽һִڣͼ紫˵еĴһʱҲ֮
Ѱûжֻͣ˵ϣɮԶ֮ӰС
ԥʹӦһʦѣСѷģ½ұǡ
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ðŷӦ񣬸м㣺лƽ̴ˣлƽ̴ˣ
Цڴ˵ϢʱұԺһ⣬ȥһɡ
ɮԶͷĻϲأܿߴ뿪
ٺɮԶɣŶѰ˵Сѣʱ򣬲ʦܷţʱһᰲ˼һ
Ѱͷˡ
ȻһЦСѣ̫ˣԺǧ˲֪ݣѵһ֪ܲô
ѰȻ
ƽ̣ɽйͰݷã
أԶƲУֳһӰڡ
Ĺͣ
ü
˵ݡ
𸴣һüѡ
ݣǿǺһݣ֮ͥأͥʮսȻ̾У
Сѣһȥ˵
ѰͷĿͺҴ뿪߽һרΪ׼Ķ츣С
䣡
Ŷ츣صķʱ
Ѱ̧һӣһھ޴ͭӸֶڵϡ
óԿͭϸǵؽ룬쿪ڵľҲٴӳѰҰ
һöͭӡһӻ죬һҝһظľֱۡ
ѰȴһӱޱȣٲĵĻϲͼ
Ϊ棬ʶˣڵºмЩĵһۣʶ˲
˵ѾŰǻѰٱǧĵҲֵ
һипѰһֳһͭ飬Уһ̫ɽ
ͭ飬ѰءɽϣһǿߵΧ֮¶á
ԿˣΪĸ¯һƬ
ˡ
Ѱóͭ飬λͭеһͭӡһӻı棬븡ֳһĨɬ
µĳ˹
ѰУĸ¯ͭҲһ̣ͭӡӻ֮һķӦ
һʱ䣬ɬĲˮӿ֣֮ͨ䣬֮𵴲ݡ
һĻѰľҲ֮Ȼĸ¯йأ


1919 
ʱѰü޾ӡ
Ҳͨ˱µһ־Ѱ˽
磬ĸ¯еľŵ۱ֱһ񽣡һսìһյͭơһս졢һöӡһƿһսסһ̡һ񵶣
޾ԣĿ¯ŵ۱أҲ˴ɣبδ֮٣ĸ¯ױɢ
ŵ۱ֱؾ֮أںУһһԵȡߣ
Уŵ۱֮һƿƿǱɽ΢ߡ
ڹŻɽϣѰԵɺ֮µõ
һյͭƣ޾̵ƣѰڽ֮Ѫڤ֮ʱһôлá
Ҳ˭ؾŵ۱Ѱѻ
ʱĸ¯һͭӡӻ֮仯Ѱһʱؾŵ۱
Ҳ
ӡ
޷죡
۱
ѰҲ⼤һһƿʹ޾̵Ƹֶ
ʱޱȵһĻˡ
ƿʹ޾̵Ҳһ𷢹⣬ɬĲͭ顢ͭӡӻϢһ𣬱˴˺Ӧɬ㣬һڱ֮ڡ
Ȼǣ
Ѱһ٣ע⵽һȭͷСͭӡϣ۳һģͼ
ͼУ貣嫣ɽܾӡ
һͭǿպȻ飬ǳĩɽ޲ʹ˱
ܾ飬ȫ֮ɢ
Ǿ׵İɱһĻѰһ𵴣
գ޾УΨһӡɢɬصͭ⡭
䣡
ʱһͼҲ֮ɢڵͭӡ棬ֳһƵƣճϵĵġ

֮£
ɣһԭ۵ͭӡʵؾŵ۱֮һĴӡ
ৣ
ѰӦһĨѤͷ׵ĹٿȻһӻӿ֡
ᦻתͷ׵⡣
һ˲ѰëȻ
ЩѤõĵ⣬λɸ˵ĸо
ÿһƵ⣬һԿٵصϽ
ƣֻҪӻԸ⣬޾ĵͻ仯ֲɱƾҲӲɱ
˿̣ѰսѺεȿ£ĿЩѤõʱȴľͷĸо嶼
գЩ꣬ѤöĿĵϢţʧӻڡ
ᦱ棬ͬӿֳƣƮ罣ë
޷
޶ʽ޶仯ˣ
ȻѰ֮ǰ⣬һӻͬؾŵ۱֮һ޷죡
Ѱ˿ĳϲû뵽û뵽ֻڵºһ⣬Լһ׮Ե
ͭ顢ƿ޾̵ƣ̧һУͽģ׷仯ӡ޷ȡ
ϸ֮ǰԣϢһ㶼ۡ
ʱӡֳһֳŵϢƿУһ̫ɽ
޷ܲκУҡҷɫӨ޶֮С
Ѱջǿסĵĳ嶯ûȥ̽۱ܡ
ɮԶ˵桮Ҷ棬뿪ʱЩл۱˿⡮ҶȻҲһλ˲õĿֲ
ѰĿ˼
ͷɽǧ˿Ƶϵ
磬ؾУλʦµĺۼһλӰϼŮӣĬĬȺλʦֹ
ɽ֮۵ؾУ΢ʦУȡߴƿ
֮һķ̨أʦָѹ֮¡
ɽʦڷ̨֮ϣ
һϵе飬޲֤ɽͳ֮䣬ע޷ѵĹϵ
ʱѰɣһȡӡ޷۱ġҶҲͷɽйأ
˼ãѰҲĥ͸㲻ٶ롣
ԺټɽʦʦʱȥһǷ˵Ҷ˱ɡ
Ѱӡ޷죬ĿͭнʣµһɫԼһظľ
Ǻεȱ
Ѱһ̽ʱ⣬Ȼ
Сѣðţʵвò֮Ĵ·
Ѱʱһӣͭ߳
ѣ˺£
⣬һǣɫޣüͷѰЩ⡣
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ԭղǰӭһˣΪ׵һ̬꣬ɾͶ֮䣬ȴо֮ơ
ӵһھˣӳĵ
̸֪ᣬԵϣʱͰǬͥУǬͥĺĴ֮һһĴڡ
֣Ѱжʱһ˿ɫ֮һġ̨ϣճɹִ̨֮۵ǿУˣ
ǰҪڵȥúѰһǵºеǿߡ
ҿⱻͨǿ߻ʱ
˵⣬ù
ѰָָԼӣҵģ
ͷЦͱѹңŵֻҪץ㣬ԺֻҪԻȫ
ԲֹȴòӦҪԸսһ˴ߣǰС
Ѱˡ
ڵºмɫӣӦòᣬ϶йء
֮Ҫ֮ץԼ޷ǾΪһͭеı
ˡ
Ѱ룬ӰһϢʱ仯Ѷûȡһˡ
һ۾ϸѰƬ̣˵֮
׼ۣ޷һ˿
ң𵱳۵ϣѰҲǰģǰ
ѰЦЦһҵңûϣˡ
ҲЦˣá
ɾڴʱѰɫ΢䣬Ϊڣƿ޾̵ơӡ޷ļ۱һ˿Ĳ
ͬʱĸ¯ĲƬҲ˲
Ѱ͵𣬵ʱ޾˵һ仰
СѣԺֳ֡ؾŵ۱ǿߣͻصĸӦͬҲᱻطһʱӦǸǻͺ˵ˡ
£ƿȵ۱춯ӡ֤޾ӵĻ
˼ƽ̣˭뵽Ҫҵˣ֮ɵĲڣ
أһЦӼԶ쳹ʮƲ㡣
ЦһɫӰһŮӵӵ£Х
ʱɫ䣬Ᾱû뿪



1920 ˴Уܵ
ǰ
һʱѰ񶼱΢Ȼһ
֮һķ̨ϣǵһԸΪʥ͵ľǿߡ
ӡµķǧɸ߶ȣȫ
Ȼ͵ѰķɼȣԵð١
ֻѰû뵽ʱ󣬾ٶȼԷҿԷչ¶ƣȻʥԲز
Ųʮ꣬ԷҲɾ۴ʥԲͻƵزǬͥĴˡ
Ѱ˵ɱĹŲġിһǿߣЩɶһǬͥ
ֻڷ̨ʱûжѰ¶⣬һΪɵѰսǲԸ鷳ⵢΪʥʱ
ʶᣬѰ̸϶ٵ⡣
ͬμ棬ǲ̫ˡ
ȻһϮ۵ḦһִһԲǳѰϡ
ǹһĨζĻȣȻƽ̣Щص
һӣ˵ʲô
ǣװˡ
᲻мԵúܲѿɫһָѰȸ˵ڵºģǴˣ
ȸϸѰƬ̣ɻӣӦòǴˣϢϣȫ֮˲һ
һӿֳһ˵Ľɫâ޼ɵ´ѰƬ̣üûݺαװȷûп
ȸͷū澶ϲڴ˵ȴѡ
ˣӦýֻһѣλСһǰòŸն۵ȵһͷΣݾڣ˲֪Ĵ
۵ȵһ
һЦƽ̣ңһ𣿡
ЩǧĵŮӶЦ
֮ݣɿܻɵһ۵ȵһ
ˣֻ˵᲻ϴˣ
ܣ
նĿһֱѰ綢Ƶģζ⡣
ƽ̣λһ̸һ̸㲻ΪֻһĪҪϽ
Ȼȴ¶ָ㽭ɽ̬
֪ڣڵƽ̣ڣᾹвҪú˱ܣ
ѾǿݣǸûѺԼڷС
ɫ粻ŭ֮
ڴʱһֱԹ۵ѰȻЦˣƽ̣Ҳô˻ᣬλһģ۷£ᡣ
һ
ĴָЦʶȤҺֻͣҪ㻹ʶȤҶΪ㡣
Ŀ⿴Ѱ̬ȼᶨһ̾ˣұ֤λ̸ʱңκˣԲϵλС
˵գתԶԶܿ
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ȻѰȻ
Ȼֻܶˣֵ¼£ʱɾûʲôˡ
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ֻ֤ԷҪôеڣҪôǸԼݺв
΢΢һܼ򵥣УֻҪܵס̾ߣٲΪ㣬סͽｻΣ
ѰҡͷҸУҵסͽｻ㣬㵲ס㽫еıｻΣ
ͫһɫҲ䵭ƺȷܹƽȷҪ
Ѱң
̲סЦ˼̫˼ˣǽұ̣۵ȵһʲôҸ˵
ꡣ
Ѱֱӣֱڿնƾƶˣٷϻһս
ԣڷƮΡ֮ɽ
ã
Ӱһ㣬ƿնתɫâԶѰ
ѰȻ֣¾ûٳˡ
ᴽǲײس鴤һ£һǱԼҪŰ
ͬʱܿڼԶĺɫ΢䣬Ȼ̸£Ҫˣ
̫ŵϺᣬ֮ͥһǬͥĺĴˣʤˣעһܳܡ
úв
ȸһǧĵŮӣһĻ󣬶¶ϷЦݡ
һҪ֣
۵
ǿ̫Ŀ¡
ģҶֵĻᡣ
˵ţһ̤
䷭ɣ۹ĵһĨ貵Ĺϳ𣬼˷ơ
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ǡյգ
һУ
Х죬һư
䣡
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ۿɼӡ¡¡ը죬񱩵ݣֳɽӱ飬ֻĺƴ
Ǭӡ
ǬͥһߴУ˿̱뼺ĵ֮
ǿ
һ۵ϼҲ½͡л껨ĽЩݽɫ
Щȣȫѷɫй֮
򣡡
ɫӡɱ¡
ԶԶһǡִ֮
ƿտˣٲȻǷ켫۷塣
ȸŮ޲¶ȳĽ֮ɫ
Ѱԭأ˿ֻ̽ұۣһ
ͬһӡۣΡɽŲãϢڶ
ײʮƲʱը飬ɢֲĵžװĺ߽֮춯ء
ɢ
ѰԭأƲӲӵ⣬̬Ȼ
⡭
סˣ
ֲеӺսԭҲеģΪͣǿɾʹشˡ
ȸŮ¶֮ɫԲţԵú򶨣ġ
жֻǻһͿ
ϣѰԴƽ
𡣡
䣬һһ䣬յգâɡ
֮ǰһУֻ̽ѣԺεѹԵޱŵĶ֣


1921 Ŵ
ڶУ
ɢɫ⣬ǰٶ۳һհĴӡ
ֻ͵һвͬӡڣһ磬ӿֳ֮
Լ䣬㴿ޱȵĻȼգ
֮
Ըתµ֡
̨ϣԸΪʥͣǾʥԲزѽԸ֮ڣ
ɺܿ¡
ԶԶĿһĻݣ񼤵
ŵ˵Ըۣұݾڣ¶޷ҳһܹᲢ۵ģ
ǬͥĺĴˣȻ˵
в
䣡
֮ϣϼת֮һнһƵŷ
£˿̶֪Ŀ׷׳߲̽
ۼӡֹѰɫһӣָ
ϣϣϣ
һ̫ӳҫۣſնȥ
𣬵һ̫ըֻǴӡ΢΢һ
ţһһ̫飬׷ɣĿҫۡ
һǴӡǰԵƥ֮𡢵֮Уɱ񣬷ɱƥ̬
飡
һ̫ʱӡѰͷ֮أΣա
ȴʱѰҲһȭ
һȭ
Ѱɵز֮һȭһ֣һڴԨͷųļµ
¡¡
ӡȭײһ𣬾Сײһ𣬱Žƥ
ɽӶһֲڵϽ󶼱ɬķ
Ļɱܻٵһޱȵɽӣ
⡭
ܣ
أмȸŮԭ޿֣ɴʱȴһ¶ݣ֦Ҳ
ΪսУѰȭŷϯһǿƾĴӡǵֵסڱһĥ𡢱
ӡڣƵԸȻȼյܷ֮籩ϯϨ𡭡
գһǺһǴӡɢ̺ȫȭѹȻʧ١
ȸŮ𺳣ɫ̡
ڶУ̵֣ɾҲƿˣ
治УעܵעҺ֣ΪǰӲ˵֣
˿̣Ҳȥһ⣬ɫء
ѳʶһ֮µľУ
⣬Ҳܲ죬Ϊǰɸʲôʱ֮أðһսĽɫ
˵Щʥϣɸûнһ֣
֮治У㲻֪黹кܶࡣ
ѰڵһУκβңǿɾ͸ֵҶˡ
һ仰ȸŮнԿʼţ޷֮ǰǰ㵭
ߵŮÿһŶضǿ츳͵̣Щ׷ϴҲǼʶ㣬ɫɫĿܣõǵĿҲޱȡ
ȻֻΣɻʶһһѷɫĺݽɫ
һһĨȻǱʶʶͣ
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䣡
ԭʵ񷣬һɫʮɽӣڴ˿һֹļžС
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µǣһĨӿ֣飬ɽ֮ƣԱȡ뽣ڡ

罣رһ磬Ҳ֮һأϸǵɫ¡
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ͬʱ͵һ䣬иǵĹϽƱ׼ȫת
һУ԰ģΪУδʩչëȻľ֮С
ɣһбȻѹɱﵣֲޱߡ
úͷƤǣһвûꡣ

ǰһĨ񱻷ӡˣڴ˿һذγӳ֮䡣
ÿγһ磬ƾͱһأ
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ĿһĻģ޲ʹѡ
ΪһĨͷųϢֱ̫£ҪնأɱһС
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ɫҲһ԰ףĿȴգͳУŴ桯Ǳеֻ֣ùΡ
һΣھʥڣնʮλͬС
һΣǰɱһ׼ۡ
һһ٣쳹¶޾ɱ
㣬ǵʩչеĶ֡
˵ʱɫ֮ͷȻһ󾳽նɱ׼ۣ
ֱ޷
ȸŮһ¶֮ɫƣǿĸԸʹ
ΨѰڴ˿ҡҡͷЦֻ֪²һУעҲˡ
ʵҲеޣᵽһΣյϢ
һ֮ƣ̼תһսⶼȼ
᲻ٶԣһ䡣
ৣ
ǰľŴ罣棬ٿȻӳ
򵥵һն֮续Ϣر˺ѿһĿĵѷ졣
ƽǰһʹ
ȸŮ۾ɢʶһֱ˺Ѱĸо
һǬ֮ƣŴ֮棬Ƽ򵥣ʵ̴ֲ
ͬʱѰҲ֣Ѩ֮ڣ
籩꣬Ǭ֮䣬ݺύ֯Լ侹һֱҪûǬĽ¯
ʮ꣬Ϊ¯̫֮дɵزĵ֮֮
˲䣬Ŵ罣¯ǣУһܼըװײ쳹
ȸķңѹòѪ
һתŻײʱĿֲನ
ͼ֮ϣ¯ڣܼĽתУǾŴ罣ɱ˴˳ͻŽɢ
ǳֲ̫
ʣ˿˲Уػܵ޷غ˴ɢ
ɱУŴ罣һðģ
ͬģ¯̫Ҳ˲֪٣ҡҪ
գ¯Ȼըɢ
ɻˣһĨŴ罣Ҳ֮ɢڹС
һ˲ֽͫű䣬ǡ
Ŵ棡
һеļ֣󾳽նɱ׼۵׳٣ų޲ڡ
ɴʱ⡢šһоѧȴ˵סˣ
֣һǰû˵֮ͬˣ
һоһشᶼŵĸоԴ졣
ܿ죬̳ɢ
ȸŮҰʶָƶ˵ѰǣºʱһҲɴ۾
⡭
ܰ


1922 ʧ۱ 
ңĻϢڻصš
ֻǳһƬž
Уһ֮úΪӵȫ½͵˵ĵ̡
ڶ֮úеޣΪ֮ƿϣݾͬУ˿ɼᡣ
ڵ֮úе𾪣Ϊһȫ߱в׼۾
Ŵ棬һΪâＫ֮һڡ
գǱˣ
һɲԴɣ۾εĸоڵˣֱһһ죡
֮ǰʶѰһ֮ɱλ׼۵ľһĻ
ʱͱ𺳵ʧء
ڣֶһᣡ
ֻԶԣһɵĳԶ統ʱѰնɱ׼ʱô
ȸŮѰǰս˿𺧵ûݲҵĿࡣ
Ǹ޷ܵסǿһ
벻벻
죬Ŵѣɫ𲻶ԶѰдžɡ֮ɫ
ѰȻɣ˵紵ѾܲҸеһЩв
赭дһ仰һ󷭹

ֻһЩв
ڣˡ
Ѱ˻һûסĵĲʣԵסУѵΪҵסУ
Ǿһԡ
Ѱ̤ǰƮҷָһһŲԻɫĴӡӿֶ
֮ӡ
ͬǻԸһ츳ͨѰʩչʱһӡȴЮһɱ¡
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ѰŶһٶǰʩչ֮ӡ
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ˡ
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ûñɢ
͵ؿѪɫɷףȸŮĶסһ¶֮ɫ
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ѾǵڶˣǱҵˣ
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ɡ
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䣡
֮ӡٶۡ
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ȸŮԶԶţ궼ľ֮Уŵû
ȻǺ嶼׹ߣ
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᳹ɫ䡣
һֹеΣգᵽϢ屾ܴ̼£ë׵ľбĸо
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屻ѹȵͷһ̶֪ѶٸѪ
µǣ֮ӡͷų֮ѹͬʱӶϵľ

ȸǾûðҪǰӪȣͱȳ⣺ȥֻẦǷİɣֻҪ䣬һСѿ϶ɱ
䣡
ʱ֮ӡѹȶ£嶼
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ѾҪѹȵùڵأ
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ԶѰȻ
룡

֣͸޾ŭͲʡ
ԣƴֱֿȼռƵġ
ȸĻңԺֲǹأͬҲ޷ܵġ
꣡
屻ѹȵԽԽͣѿëѪ绯һѪˡ
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˿һҲѰһɱˣĻɾ̫ˡ
Ҳڴʱ֮ӡٿȻͣ٣ڰϢɢ
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˿
ȸŮҲԼͬиңѱ亹͸ղһĻǲޱȵļ尾ĥ
ʵһЩͷǺӲһΣ㵲סˡѰڡ
࣬ƣңࡣ
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ȸæܹΪιʳҩѪˮһ۲ѡ
ÿ
ȣƿȸŮһѵվĿ⿴Ѱһս˾ˣỹҪͬ飬ᷴˣ
˵ţһӣһͭӳѰ
Уıȥ
Ȼ̬ǾȻ
⵹Ѱһ⣬ס࿴һۣû뵽Ǭͥ
ߣɳƵȸߡ
ȸŮæǰ߶뿪
ڰ;Ȼ㣬㣬һˣҷΪʥʱԾƳԽңв㣬񡣡
۵ʢῪʼʱһٺһս
˵գһ˽нԶ
Ŀ뿪пǬͥĺĴˣų󼰵Ĵǡ
ѰǬͥĴУɲ˽ˡ
룬ֲȻȷܲף룬ݾҲñ
ѰɺϿ϶ѹ׵ɱﵣԼͭڣǵ۱Ŀֲ
ղŶԾУȱ϶ܱԼѹ
ȻԼñҲмˡ
ѵõǣһԸķ֮
ʧ۱ǣ



1923  ޿

뿪ˣԸķ䣬ߵúˮ
һɡ
ֳǺͷһδܣҲ˶Ǻڡ
Ѱһ󣬺Ҳ뿪ʼûд̽µͭڣӡһ۱
Ѱضһʱ佫ͭп
ӳģһƬˮɫԣӲ࣬ʥϢˡ
һ̣ͭڣѩ͸ӨֳһȱĴԲ֮С
ϸĵƷţһƵģֻڣǻת֮
㱼䣬ѰֻһһƬС
ƬڣĪӿֳӺ嫵ĴۼŤ飬ޱ߼ʡ
ÿһƴۼ̺ĵϣıʣֻԵ̫ͻңͷǣѹüѪ
Ѱ֮УԼԴĸΣĿһĻʱҲķң˼顣
ʱˣľ궯Ѱҡļ
ʵǣĴۼ̫Ҳӡ
Ҳڴʱһ̸֣ྦྷӨִԲס
תöƵ˸ۼ£֮ڡ
󣬾һĻˣǷҵĴۼһһࡢ̵תϱݣֳʵУ
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̣
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࣬޿գ
֮޵򵽵ģԼľĴۼ
ÿ޵ĴۼעҲȫһ
ܹľĿزܹ򵽴ʵУ
޿̣һ޵߽ݴĵ۱
һ㣬Ѱʶ޿ս֮ɴ˱֮ȴƿ
ݴۣ֮֮ʣڰ޵ȥµĴء
˴˱γ޷ҵĵ֮Բز
һʱ䣬Ѱʶ˴޿̵ļֵڣҲǾ̾ѡ
ɸ벻Ͼĵ۱
ܹΪ˱סǣɽ۱ᣬѰСˡ
Ըķһ£ܹ˾Ȼؽһ۱¾ǵ۾
ˣѰӵƿ޾̵ơӡ޷졢޿۱
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ϸʹ޿ãѰŽ˱½һھ޴ͭ򿪡
ȥӡ޷һҝһظľ
ѰãҲȻʶӦҲ޷ӦϢ
һһϼһ

ѰۻӶƾն
ѿմһǿգʶ㣬䱾屾һľһ֣ͼУԹԣ⡭ǻϢ𣿡
š
Ϣ
Ѱһ
꣬鹭顰ȱ˵һ¡
ɣࡢľϹĴľԵڻ籾ԴȻڻ籾Դĵơ
УֻҪľġԪѼȫԻϢɫǻɳ̫һˮ籾Դ硣
ʱֻҪڣԵ۵Ų˼á
ȱ˵ڵ۾ϣ˭ƿһ籾Դ˭ӵ˲򡮻編򡯣ƿػĵ̣Զ۾ɱȡ
ЩѰڽһ̾ڣѼ˷ɣľġԪ
ؾڣѼһɫ
˿̣˵ͭڵһҝǻϢѰβԾ
Ǵ˱̲ס
Ѽ֦Ҳ㵸Ǵ˱ǲǺۣܲԣΪϢˣΨ̫һˮ࣬Ż¶Ŀ
˵ţһ̾û뵽ѰǴҵĴ˱ΪܾǰΪѰٴѿմǿգ˲֪꣬Ҳûҵ
ಣ
ѰһӣֱŰƴСĻϢһ鱦ˡ
Ȼһ󣺡СѣܷܲһЩָ׸ôͿԡ
ѰȻܾԺ˵㿴Ǻ
һָһظľ
ԺܲģɫԹɵһظľʱʱһ
ƺƺ˴˵еĽľ
𾪣ľ˵ܹͨһڻԴÿһƬҶӣһ磬ÿһ룬Կͨһ飡
֮ߣƽľΪ֮ͨľһڴ¶ʵǴ֮ϣΪѰٻԴ֮أ
ĴУҲľΪأ
Ѱöһĳ
ľͨ磬һҶһ磬һһ飬ڵʵϣѰٻԴ֮أ
Ե̫˼顣
ϧ̫ϧˣһľӦþԽľһƬѸ̵࣬ĵƺԶѸʴ
ʹض㣬һ۲ѵģˣƾһƬõ۾ﶼ
ѰһӼ侲˵ľûκμֵˣ
ͷ̫̾ˣվһϡ
Ѱ룬ǽ
Ժлᣬһܷһظཨľ޸

ͬʱһʻݵĻϡ
ˣĬ
һεĴܣҲ˼Ĵ
ɲΪ٣ǻصݣֻ轫һӵӡ޷Ϣй¶ȥеȥ׷ɱˣ
һޱȵŮӵ
̧ͷĿˣٸҶ˵һ䣬̽Ƥ
Ůӻһ£ɫҰס
ûĿһɨŮӣ֮£й¶һ֣𣿡
Ůɫ䣬æͷӦǡ
һһһٵ޿̣۱ԻӮҲҪǶ£
Ů̿֡

һ硣
ѰʱͽӵϢڿʦѷš
Ѱͺһһνɽء
С
ӰһϮ۵ĲӼѰʱҪƺСʦ壬ջӲˡСѡ
Ѱǰ֮ʵˣ
Цŵͷ彪ǱߣѰ׵СżھͿǰ
Ǿͳɡ
Ѱ
á
Ҳˮ֮ѰһûоκˣϢ뿪ڡ
һλϹʱѳɵ۵ĴͬУѰһ·ϻʲô粨
ʵϣҲȷˡ
ʱ䣬ڲӴ£Ѱһ·˳صִｪˮ֮ϣ


1924 ׵۳
ˮ˴ˮϵ֮һλݱ
彪ϣ̾ڽˮΡ
ƺƵĺˮˮ֮ϣӺѰȥ
彪ϣ̫׵ۺᣬȻڵ۵սԪˣɵɲС
·ϣڸѰйص彪ϵ
Ľ峤ݣǸһֻ۾żļһɳǰ벽۾׼۸ǿ
⽪ݣ׼۾ɫԼʮ֮ڵˡ
ȻЩҪҪǣСҪĽȸǽ峤ݵ׽㡣
Ѱüëһô˵ҪȸǰƱƲ⽪ˣ
ЦЦСѣΪ峤ɻѸ㶨ģѸ㶨ģе۾ϹŶ
۾
ѰĶһһ֮ڣλ۾̫ŵĵ̣
֮ȣڵĵϣ̾Ͳһ
Ͼһ̫ŵ壬һϹŵ壬Ҳ϶һ
ãǰЩӣһλʽѳ棬Һ͵彪һнĵ۾˹ϵ˴ǰ彪ϣֻǽȸһ棬Ӧòѡ
Ц˵
֪ӿҲһλ۾Ե彪ʱҲò˳ϵ
ԭڣȸݣڵ彪̫ˡ
ڵ۵սĻΪ˳׽𷽴ɽӰ䡢ǬͥһЩһµѲɱͷɽйص
ΪͷɽչϵܣȸҲǣͷɽй֮ˡ
彪ϱΣֻܽȸΪô彪Ʊػش
ȸ䱻ɱϾҲ㱣סһ
ֻЩϹʱĳ£ڵĵ彪УҲֻһЩϹŶ֪Щ
ǿɲὫЩ˵Ϣй¶ȥǳʲô粨
һҲĵ彪Уֻ֪ȸǧˣȴ֪ԵɣڽӽȸΪ裬Ըйص顣
ʶȵ۾ҲǷѾ˼źòΪѰȡһܹݼȸĻᡣ
ѰԼǰעһӻҡ
οлˡѰ
æֵСʦ壬ǧҪҿˡ
˽̸ʱԶԶأѾܹһȼΡɽبڼԶߡ
״ƣεΪ׳ۡ
ǱǵϼɽλڽˮΣ̫׵ۣڴɽ֤Ϊۣʱ𣬵ϼɽҲ˵彪ϵأܾС
ӴŸп˵
̫׵ۣ
ǿһλͨ󣬿ϵĴ̫Ű׵һ̫ۡС
ϼɽ֤֮أǺһһĶ츣ء
ɽϼεȷѵõıء
Ѱͷ
Ƭ̺
ϼɽһɽǰ
ˣ
ɽŵһǿߴȡ
Ҳ˵һӣһӳյ˹ȥ
ǽǿһʱ¶֮ɫǰԵȡ
תٽɽȥˡ
ǡ
ûãһˬʵĴЦɽһۣ뷢ȼƵĴŲնϢһѤõķͨǵأֲޱߣ
Ѱһϡ
ԶԶһ۴һɽз֮ܡ
Сʦ壬˱ǽһ۾һϹ֪ҵݡ
һߴѰһЦȥοɾ߶ŵˡ
һϮ۵ĽЦ˵ﻰ룡
ӵ˵ͷѰһ𣬸潪һ𣬽ɽš

һҰָѰͿһɾĻ档
ɵɽƣΡԱߣٲϴ䣬׹죬ããһƬ
ÿһɽϼƣ뵣ʣ׳֮
¡
һȺս޴ɽؼ䱼ڶȼյСɽɢ׵˻
Զƣߡ
ɽʯϣɼҩݣ¾ϼɢ㣬ϡľ١Ļȡ
Ĺˣֳ㰻Ȼ续Ļֺ뾰
̫׵֤֮ء
ѰаԸп
ѣ롣
ǰ·
Ѱ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼԶȺɽ֮䣬һڿеΡųǣϼڣֺޱȡ
Ѱ𺳣ΡһǣȺɽ֮䣬֮ϣ֮һȣԼСϡ
Ǿ޳֮ϣһ¥һңԣԼɼ֣
׵۳ǣ
ǵ彪ϵأΪ̫׵ֵ죬ĵ彪ϺᣬܾС
˳ϽȺɽи֮⡣
н죬Ѱһ·Ŀעӣδʲô粨˳׵۳ǡ
׵۳ڣһ󣬲۴αȵĽһµĶ츣ء
Ҵ˳ͨȺɽ£аͬճһİۡ
ѰͲӱһεĶ츣Уɰس֣涣ϪˮѶ
˵ѣڴԵȣȥһ£ǰء
͵ˡ
ӹ֡
Ŀͽ뿪ŴСʦ壬ǵ彪صأǵһһԿܻᱻǿ۵ף򲻿¶ʲôˡ
Ѱͷ
ʱһһţȴһɲ֣ӶЩüˡ
ѵʲô⣿
ҲڴʱһϮۣ뷢ȼĽҴҶһĨɫѣο°ﲻæˡ
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ӵ
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Ŀܸľʹ뿪üѣܷͨһ£ܲܡҾһ˰ɣ
ҡͷ޻ء
ӸҪ˵ʲôͼѰҡҡͷʱǿסеĲãˣҵȾȸˡ
ֹһ̾Ժһһ𸴵ġ
ȥ
ôҲһ۾ȴһӻңҲ䲻
ֻǣڲӺѰ뿪ʱһĮٿȻ𣺡λȻˣΪҪż뿪
ৣ
һߴϵӰƾճ֣һϮۣڷīһӿź˵档
·ǰɢƣһ
ͫһУʶѰ
ɫ΢䣬壬ôˣ
ˣǵ彪λ۾֮һͬһϹʱ֤Ϊ۵ϹŶ
ֹΪֲ죬ұָߵˣȵ۾Ҳֻһ
׵۳ǣǵ彪ϵĵ̣Ϊβ
ͬ䵭ƵشŲԼ󷽵Ѱ



1925 Թ
ͬŸյִԼĵ⣡
Ѱгأû뵽ֻһȸѣǲӷѾ˼ذæ˲ۡ
Сʦ岻صģһڡ
ӴͬʱȻһ䣬ɨӽͬǺ⣿
ͬΪ۾аڣ
ڴʮǰϹʱ֤Ϊۣսǿ֮ϣƾһ֮ɣӴѳΪݾͳ
ԶԶ޷͵彪ȡ
սϣžţ
Ѱǰ˳أ޼ӣΪһʮϹŶĿܻڵ彪ǰͷ
Ȼǵ彪ϵĵ̣һ֣ע׶༪٣ɲӸҿ϶ԷҺԼһս
Ļµ彪ܹԼҲøصĴۡ
ǵ۾ĵ̣
⣿ҵһ㣬Ҫʲô
ͬɫ䵭ֱѰĿⶢڲϡ
壬µѲ֮С
æ
£ǲõļ
Ƿ֮У˵˲㡣
ͬԵúӲĿɶŲӣһλ۾ȴͻȻţҪһǧˣҲ²ⲻֻֿܡ
Ŷһ˵˵
һǷɽͳĳǸ˲
ͬ˻һӺѰü
²⣬Ҳе⡣
ѵȥ䡢ġǬͥûзɱȸĴ㣿
ڶǱǷɽЩ
ͬ˵ڶֿʱӺѰнһϼһĶ
ֻǣ֣нһá
ܣ
ɫ΢䣬Ͳ̸жٽ飬֮ʶҲһѴߣŴ˹ϵ
ɴûǵ⡣
ΪβܣȸΪαΪɽǸյĽ֮ͽ
ͬɫΪյǣۣҽĿڵ۵սԪ𣿡
Уһɻ֪ܲԹ
ڣһ۾ƫƫҪܳȸѵͲ֣
һ仰ýһɫٱ䣬ӵĿҲòһˡ
̲סǡǷɽ֮ˣǷɽ֮
Ӷʱʶ鷳ˡ
ԭҲֻΪֻǼһȸѣ̸ʲô¡
˭룬ϣЩϹﾹһԵüעں
ڴʱһֱĬѰ߳ʦ֡
һ仰ͬͽ˽ͫһ
̫ˣϹʱڵ۵ս֮ǰΪȸĹϵμա
ʱһһҫ۵һʥͬ޵УΪ嵨
ʱĽͬͽҲһٮٮߣ츳ڣѷɫ̫ࡣ
պͽȸʶ󣬵彪϶Դ˻ּɣʼΪ޻¡
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ʱѰ˵Լյʦʱͬͽλ۾Ҳһ󷭹
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ͬЦɫ粻зߺޣҲԹ
´ѰģʥΪʲôʱ򣬷ɽ˾ˣΪڵ۵ս֮󣬷ɽͳױֻʣһЩˣ
λעǵԴǣ
ɫһѰѱ¶ݣʱҲʲôˣǸǻֻԡ
עԴǣ
ͬ뷢ȻЦΪǷɽҵ彪ɿܻԪˣ޷ָ
ΪǷɽڱġǬͥӺʹѹ
УΪգȸɿܱʮأ
ڣˣҪעԴǣǡ𣿡
һʣͬǷߺ޵ɫࡣ
һ۾ľѼ֮ɴʱȴԵúܼȻ£Ľڡ
ͬɫ
һЩԹÿнжۡˣʦͽȸǰһʱǵ彪ϻԴΪ٣Ϊ˸еԺ
˶٣ɺһЩ£ǾͽȫʦͷϣδҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ͬɫرñ£ѣұ飬ˣɽˣȸҲҽΪ˸㹻ĴۣҾǣţҪʲô
Ѱٴοڣʦ֮ǰңҼһȸ黹һƷˣ뷨
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üʡ
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Сȥȸֱ룡
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в໤Ѱʱ֮Ϊ˲ͻᱻѹ
ȴѰ˿̾Եޱƽ΢΢һЦҼȻˣȻʹ˷
ƾ
ͬĿбӣмˣɽѲϹʱķɽĿȴ͵ķɽһ󣬾ͲҽץǷɽЩˣ
ЦǽϽգҪһֻ
ˣҲȥˣ
ŭ£㾹вǽϣ
ѣвǵģһһǽְǵʲôˣ
âٷϻǽϻ꣬ҼСʦһȸȻҽվƴҲϲݣ
һλ۾вκ˶ɵ
οӻѰĵ۾ڡ
һýͬͽŭޱȣоŭɽڽϵĵвǣ

أͬһһöͭ쳹ɢһƵ
׵۳һƬؾڣѾõ츣ڣٿȻֲޱߵϢ
һ̣ӰƾŲƵ˵أڽͬߡ
һǿ񣬻ҷĺӣһڳ«Ϣɬ
һƵߣ׷Բԣǣһε߳ȡ
߸һ֣ɫ䣬ľء
ˣǰ߽н𣬺߽нˮϹʱ֤Ϊۣǿգøʢ˽֪ͨ
ֻǣȴû뵽˾ţΪУϵϹڵڵ۵սС
ȻǼ٣
ΣһӶ۾ڣ߾λ۾ڣ
ݣòӵĶȵס
ʱƴ¶޷вԷˡ


1926 ɿ
׵ӣĪ֣
ͽˮһִĿһʱ˲ϡ
ͬ漴֮ǰһһһ˵
꣬ժĻ«һھƣɫ䵭ƴһܷҽ˺
׷Բԣ˵Ľˮ̾һԩˣΪǷɽͲͣһ£
ߣôǵãڵ۵ս֮ǰǵ彪϶Դҷɽɲ̬ȡ
ͬɫһ㷽ɽѸˣҽҲΪ˸ۣҪζԴЩ

һֱӵѰ˿̺ȻڣԨĺޱȣҾǰʶһֱ̣ǡǲЩ̫ˣ
Ȼ
ͬ񡢽𡢽ˮλ۾붼һ
һʥСʲôʱҸ˵ˣ
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֪ǿ磬۾װĴڣ
Ȼ׼ۣĵ۾ҲϰС
ڣһʥȴ˵ǡ̫ˣ
Ҿɱ㣬Ҳһֻûʲô𡣡
ͬɭȻһɿֲޱߵɢߵϲ־٣ѹѰ
ԸҼСʦ壬̤ҵʬ壡
һ̤ƮҷͷųһϢһƻΡ
̬Ȼ
Сʦ壿
̲סЦˣһ۾ȴһСΪʦ壬ֱǵ۾档
ˣȽ£Եͼǡ
ˮɳƣ̬ȴԵǿƺͰԵ
һ仰һýͬ񡢽˽ԲԼͬת
䣡
ֲĵ۾ϢһԨգƬ츣ȫ׺
ˮ߳ɣõ棬ǵ׵۳ǣᶯʱɶСһЩĪ˵ˡ
ǵȻ
ͬһЦ̬ɡ
λ۾ò·ɽһ
ɱ
һ͵ֱ̬ͦȻСʦ壬һЩƣƴһսȻ뿪ӦһϣԺлʦʦ𣬵ܹ׷˼УС޺
˵ţҪ֣ȴѰĴ㾴Сʦ壬£
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ţһƿɲĺ۵ϢɽХڳȻը貵ķƮ¡
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ѱŸ֮ĵĲ͵صһһɵѾõϹⱻ˼һĻ塣
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һ޷յŮӣӰԼ޳ƻõʥԡ
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ͬҲˣصĳֺͻȻɺȻһޱȿµŮӡ
̧־ͻǵȫһѰ֮
ظûὪˮֻѰó֮ǰҪ۸㣬˵Ҫδǣ
һ仰ý̲ͬסѣ׵۳ǣͣҲ
δ䣬ͼָһ
飡
ͬ˵ɳȥпѪޱǱ
ýˮ˽ëȻ
۾ǿ֮۷壬װĴڣӵͨǵ֮
Ϊ۾˲۾һޱɬ·ͬΪ۾˴˲ȴǧ
ͬʵǴɽеֻվɽţеɽеѵɽۣ
ӹɣ⿴ޱصŮӣһԶĿֲڣ
˵ʱϲ˶졣
俪ڡ
֮ǰ⻰ͬǿ϶ãڣǽԾĬˣһɫ粻
ʶء
ǵ彪ϣǵĵ̣ŮǰȫͲ


1927 ̫׵
ռž
ͬλϵĵ۾Ϲ֣ȫһѹǣҴ
еز
ӰԼƵģǲӣƾһǿҵĸоŮˡ
ֲ̫
ʦ΢
ֻȴ޷ȷŮӺʦȣǿ
Ϊڵ۾֮·ϵ裬Ѵﵽһɲ⣬޷ȵĵز
ѰĬƬ̣ǰҴ彪ϣֻһˣʲô粨
һ仰ͬɫɫӡ
ռƵ£һȴܲǰӣûгûǴǶе⡣
Ƣƺ˲١
ҲЩȡ
ΪǰʱѰ۸ԻػѪѪ
Լ飬һΣȻһ췭ظ
Ѱһڣֻǲʦʧţ϶ҲԸ⿴õ鷢
޷ǣڡǡУʦֽһöɫҶηԼʱɫ¶˸кȻ
ˣʦֻֽǶԼöȸԼ彪ϴ֡
ԣѰŻڴʱԼĵķŭŻڱλ۾Ϲ۸ѡ̣
á
ص˵ͷĿ⿴ͬˣǷͬ⣿
ƮƮһ仰ͬнһ˴˶ӣɫ粻
ڵ彪ϵĵϣǾͷܹ̫ʣ
ѣҵĺݣǽ֮й¶ȥҵ彪ϡƱػٴѡ
ˮڡ
ɽͻȻ壬˽ȸЩӷɽ֪룿
й¶Ϳˣ
䣬˵лǲͬ⣬ֻҽڣ
ˮһѣҵȷʵЩʡ
ŶһҿԸǱﲻʵĻᣬֻһΣһ֮ڤ粻飬Ҳ׼ˡ
ˮ˶һۣԵ˵ͷ
˵أصأӡʼ̫׵۵һ־ܵסɱҵȾԲеֿ֮ġ
ˮ
ͫһУ̲סˣλҼСʦλѾ㹻ãǾδ̫ˣ
̫׵۵һ־ǸǺεȿ£
ɴʱȴһ¶Ȥ֮ɫֲãҳʱͲ˴˵ڣ̲һڳ˿Ӧþʼ־ɣ
ˮ˶ȻŮӾһʱͲˣ
콫һӡҵһԣ˵Ƿڵ۵У򵽡桯İء
棡
صۣӡͬڵĵ۾ϹͷһȻ
۵죬֮ǿһ붼Ͼ磡
һʱ䣬ˮǶЩˣоصĪ⡣
ôˣ
Ƴһۡ
ˮʱһҧְɡ
ͽ𡢽ͬһ𣬸ԼһĻͼڶ
ķͼһйâʢӿֳһĿޱߵĻ⡣
һɿֲϵϢҲ֮
ɫ䣬תѰ
Ʈҷ΢΢ͷֱһĿ⣬תŹƵʥꡣ
ƿʲô૵Ϣ
䣡
ʢĻУһΰӰԡӿ֣ԺӳһȼյǺ֮ſִף
ǵϢֲǿղڣ繲
Ѱ֮񣬸ͿһӰΪ̫貺ߡ
вӱëеϢѹ֡
̫׵۵
ҲǿѣǴ˵е˸£죡
ˮ˴˿Ҳɫ¶ȡĽ֮ɫ
ʼϢ
׵ۣ̫ʱڣ£ȺУҫǿգ
ڣٶȳ
Фڡ
ˮ빪
˺£
һΰӰڣ¡¡ۿɼ淨ʶ£ܻࡣ
һս
ؿˣԼӰǰӿƾӨĹ⡣
˵ʱһָ
򵥵˶ʹڣٿκξҰУʶڣȫããһƬ
뺧Ȼ
кεȿֲΪŻЩ۾ûʸȥĦһս
Ҳ֪ã𣺡ԭ㵱Ҳ̤һ
漴ҰָſȻƮҷžӨĹ⡣
Զ׵۵־棬ɡ
Ѵ˻ӣһ־ǵȥʱȥΪ̤һ
̫׵۵¡¡Ŷеİ֮⡣
𣬿޾¹ȥƺı𲢲
صȻڡ
ͬ˽оɡ
ġ
̫׵ͳȴ¶ᶨ֮ɫһܾϾ
ʱӰٿȻʧ
ӳ˿
Ѱ̫׵ۣأƺѰһͻƵĴ֮·
ֻǣ·ʲô
Ϊ̫׵֮֮ǿ󣬶Ѱٵ
ͬеһʧͳء
ʼ־֣ŮӵסˣζţֻҪԸ⣬ڣ赲Ĳ
ǻ𣿡
Ŀ⿴˽ͬˡ
ˮɬͨҵ̾ΪֹóϷ
ؾһС£Ѱ˵ͷӰ㻯ϼĹ꣬ʧ
뿪ǽˮǣǲӣԶ˿жѹϵһɽ
û취شǵѹȺв̫ˣ
ĿٿѰʱˮɫܸӣ֮ǰӡ
ɡ
ˮ̾Ѱǰȸ
л
Ѱһɡ

׵۳һͨһؾص·ˮѰϢС
һؾڣһ۽磬ϸ𺣣˷ŽɵĻ⡣
ޱȵһ¯ڷȼգҪһС
ǹѺȸĵط
ȸпһ
ˮڣ۽ڻصݡ
ˣһΪǶѰˡ
һĵૣ͸޾Ȼ
ˮɫһ𲻶̾һѴİɡ
˵ţת뿪
ѰĹˣͼããػڣͼκӰӡ
ɻʱãã֮ϣٿȻֳһҺɫС϶һŮӡ
һѩأڷīɢ£ǻĺϣ˵ĸоȴ°ѩ㺮̹ǡ
ѰĿ⿴ʱŮҲ΢΢̧ͷĿ⿴ȥ
һ˲ŮƲʲôٿȻǡ㼫©Ϣգ𡭡㡭ڻˣ
βסļ


1928  ʥ޵
𺣷ɫС˶
ϣһѩصŮӣ¶ݣһ԰׵ӣȪüԶɽ
˿ɫ㱡翴˵һӰʱº󣬳ǰ
ŮӣȻǽȸ
һ˵ؽʮĿŮӡ
ѰһʱʶԷϴˣв̣ǽ͵ǰϴˡ
ܻ㼫©ϢҾԲϣ
ȸԵúܼѰǰż֮ɫո磬αװĿҼЩ϶϶ƭˣһҪߡ
ŽźͰ
Ѱһη֣һʮŮӣԵ˿ۡ
ΪԼ㼫©֮ʹԼգ֪ε˼ʦ֡
ǳ񲡢㱡һһ˵Ǻεǣʦ֡
Ѱжһᡣ
ʦֻţһĻǸöð
ĬƬ̣Ѱһ̾ҿԷ۾ǰҽѰʦֵʦܣʦУһƷǰ
ո磬ƭң𣿡
ȸһ¿ĺӣŰ󣬾Өᶼתš
ҡ
Ѱƿԣ˵ȥˣв̡
һһöɫҶ״֡
ԭɫ㱣ȻεĽȸһⷢϣճճƹ䡣
Զ۽𺣷ȸһѩ׵Ʈҷǣһۿ¡
ѰȻЩڣóģĻȸͲôġ
ãȸƻָƽһһֺ飬Ѱ㡭͵գҴⷢɺã
Ѱԥ˵ͷ
ȸ¶һĵЦݣתӰѰ૵ո磬˵ֻҪ֤ⷢ㻹ţ񣬿ҵȵϢˡ
Ѱ̧֣ȸīںڵĳͷϣǵɫķбϡ
ǰ˵ĲܹŴǰѰǰʦС
Ѱ
ȸתʱѲֹۣˮɫһּµƽ
û֮ǰļ㱡յߣѳ׵侲
лл㣬ʦܡ
ȸһ񣬡õϢ
ѰæǰĪҪˣⱾ⵱ʦܵӦ顣
ҷʦܣǰƣɩӰɡ
ȸ΢Ц
òֹ羲ֻɫȴԵúܲ԰ס
á
Ѱͷ
ȸѰһͣϵĺɫСڡ
󣬽ȸѰܶ飬йء
Ѱһһֻ֮ձ뿪飬Ѱˡ
ȸʼնԵúƽ˵յҲѰ顣
ѰȻԼγΪɽˣЩ;һһ˵
һ˱̫õԵʣȸýζ
֪Ѱڰǰݣμͥһٰġ۵ʢᡱʱȸʱüͷһ塣
֪Ѱӵݵİ취ݻᱻ˷ʱȸ˿
ʦܣͥУġǬͥΪӷɽڶԸɽϣҲΪ
ȸݵȫ֮ߣȥμ۵ʢᣬػҪСһЩ
֪֮ͥУɶڵ۾гϹŶ㣬һ
ѰȻһġ
˵ţ̲סɩӣҷɽϣͥͥʲô̬ȣ
ƵͥΪ
ȸħͥȡۻۻ̬ȣɽͳĸûħͥϵ󣬿ħͥںҲΪ˶ȡɽһЩж֡
ڹԪͥ
˵⣬ȸҡҡͷͥأϹڵ۵սǰ󣬸ֹ
Ѱ˵ԪͥӦͥȻһ
Ŵ˼֮٣ÿһ˽е۾Ϊ
һŽԴۣһԪ
ǹԪͥ
ʵڶԸɽϣֹǺġ䡢Ǭ̫ͥۡڵһЩȺԼʮսеһЩҲв롣
ϡϡϡʮսеѪս塢ս塢ս塭
ǽƣɽӵеĴ̫ǿ󣬵ɽʱ˭зһ
ȸ˵⣬Ȼһֻ̾ϧɽͳջǱˡ
Ѱһ˵ֻ֪ɽɽӵеҲɢֻҪЩɽ˻ţɽڣ
ն
£ֻɢеһ»Ұһ¶ݾͻܵɱ
ֻҪţͿԽɽ֮н𣬴ഫ
ȸѰʦܣʦҲ˵ɽǿӵжҲӵжٴУڣӵЩˣ
˻ţڷɽͳţ
ѰͷΪȻ
ʦܣμ۵ʢϣҲûʲôܰﵽģȴԸ㣬ʦ֣ΪλᱻΪ£ʥ޵Сܡ
˵⣬ȸ¶һĨԺ
ǵˣҲĽ
ѰһӿŨŨĺ棺ɩӣָ㡣
ȸᣬ׷£ʦ̤ʥ֮󣬽˲½ʥʥʥг˿ɱȣ˿ɼ
ʱһˣѹģ֮́ͬͷ
ʱƵͥαòǰ޸ʥϵ
ֻҪʦһܺλáȻͥľӡʮս̳֮ҲͳͳУ
ʱǿչŵ£һ˿ڵĻʥ֮ڣ˭ɳ޵У˭ԲܣΨɽһ˶
С£ʥ޵С
⣬Ѱ㽣û뵽еʦ֣財Ի͵Ĺ
ϧǣͻʥڵ۵սͱˣĻĲ͵̣עһֱҫȥ
ȸŴϸˣðЦʦ֪ڳʥ֮ǰʦ־Ƿɽ۵ĽɫɬŮ˵Ǻ˵
һֱ˵һģСʱΪҺڣСͰżΪƶԵʣᱻͬ˳ЦһֱԱ͹Ƨ
ֱԵɺ֮½뷽ɽУҲһֱϷɽϵޡ
һеת䣬Դʥһ̿ʼ


1929 ۴֮;
˵⣬ȸ̧ۿѰʦܣ֪Ϊʦܹʥ޵У
Ѱһ𣬵Ըꡣ
ΪģһŽδ֮;ƿصɳǹŽδС
ȸ˻һѰȻ¡֮С
ԭҲǵһѰૡ
ȸҲһЦʦܺһ㡣
˶٣˵ʦ˵㣬Žδ֮·ģܳɹģȴָ
̫ɬұʱܵĸš
磬ӦҲطҲõǿߵָ㣬԰ɣ
Ѱͷ
յĴУдؼžͥŶ̫޾ɾ
綷սʥ̫ű䡢űָԪһնȴС
ԶǴˡ
ЩѰ;УҲõָ㣬ꡢء۵ȵȡ
㼫©֮ҲǴʦ֣
ȸЩкұд棬ͬģӰǶԵ;
Щ顢򡢴Сӡ˵ǻۺͶԴ⣬ұȡƳΪԼĶɹףվǵĴУֻǼ̳С
޵߷ֱ治һ㣬Ϊĵ;˲һʵ֮ܵӰ죬ıȡŽδС֮ʱ޲ʧܸա
Ѱס̾ȷˡ
ȸ΢΢һЦЩʦֵԣֻת
ѰҲԼĸ˵ɰٴǼʥ֮ѧһ辶Ϊı֮ͬǼ
˶٣еĺģڽǳΪԼĵ;ˣлδС
ȸȻʦܣĵ;ָ㣬ܷ˵һ˵ĵ
Ѱ룬򷨣޲֮ڣ޲֮ڣҵΪһ
ȸӿĪ𺳣ȵ;δڽɣ
֪εȺ嫣ڵ۾ı֮ܳһ֮档
ڣѰԣҪݾ
ˣ֤ΪۺҪı֮桱ĵҵ
Խ뽪ȸоԽ֪ϹʱҲһЩ侪޵ľΪıĴ̫ɣѶ
ʦܣǷʲôɰ飿
̲סʡ
С
ѰδԼ۳ʥʱĹɴ٣ԼʱĽѵһһ˵
ˣȸʡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ȸ˿̵޷ˣѰĿֱһ
죬̲סЦʦֵ㹻޺죬û룬
˶٣ȸһöɫ޹óݸѰҲˣҲͿԷĽｻˡ
ѰһǺ
ʦʥеĸĵãһʱΪ˰УŻ´°ɡ
ȸᡣ
Ѱ˲ʶ˴ļֵ֮
ʦ֣ųơ£ʥ޵СµĸĵãĿѰ֮
ʦıĴ䲻һԿǹδУһʡ
ȸɫףԴԼ׽С
ʵϣǱֵԭϹʱһѰĳȫ´ࡣ
лɩӡ
Ѱһ˫ֽһݴ
ҪúУʦֿʥ޵У϶ҲԵģҿɺڴ۵ʢϵı֡
ȸеϣ
Ѱӿů⣬˵ͷ
̸ֽƬ̣ˮٿȻ쳹Ƭ۽硪
ȸʱ䲻ˡ
ȸüͷ壬Ŀ⿴ѰʦܣҪЩˣԷɽԹʮ㣬ڵڵ۵սУһЩ۾ﻹͷɽս
ң䱻ڴˣҲΨôܱȫҵĻġ䡢Ǭͥϲưոݡ
ֻϣҲ⽪ϵĿԡ
Ѱͷɩӷıǡ
ܿ죬Ѱ뿪
ˮѵȺǣĿ⸴ӵؿһԶеĽȸһֻۣһ̾Ϣûж˵ʲôѰһ뿪Ƭؾ硣
ӿһҺɫСƮҷϡ
һӣֳ˽ȸһˡ
Ҳʱֽ̧ͷϵķȡ£˫ֽ߬ţ԰׵ϣһˮʻ䡣
ȴ벻ԾƵģǣǵɫҶ״
ո磬Ҽʦˣ˵㻹ţ֪ţ϶᲻ҵġ
һ㣬Ѿ뿪ʮˣʱÿ졭ģò˶ãҾͻȥ㡣
֮ǰҪΪ㱨
ȸȻһһȪƵУӿֳ̹Ƕĺ⡣
һͷںīķ˿˲仯˪ѩ֮ɫ
㡭һҪҡ
׷ѩأºɫСӿĻƮ

׵۳ǣһ츣С
ѰӰ潪ˮأһֱڵȺĲӳһ
лѳȫ
ӹ֡
ˮɫӣֻϣǷɽ˲ҪȸˣǽҲپǵˡ
ӺѰһۣûж˵ʲôǡ
ֻǣ뿪ʱˮȻһֱһ£Ƿɽĵ̣ѹġǬ֣ͥΪΣȴ㱻ٵˣ
ѰŲһ٣ͫ΢С
ʵϣڵ۵սУǷɽͳֻв˳ս˽Բټ˶ΪЩټĴѱ
ˮ˵⣬ĬƬ̺˵ҲôΪ
˵գٶԡ
ѰаҲôΪ
ֱͲһ뿪彪ڵĵϼɽѰһֱ˼һ¡
̨صġ塱£ʦָ象
Ҳ˵ڵ۵ս飬ǵãսķɽˣֻи豵λʦ֡
ⱾԵúܷ
֪Ϲʱ򣬷ɽӵʮŸˣ΢ʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ㡭
һǿ֮Ĵڣɲ͸ʦһ뵽ڵ۵սУΪΣ
ңڵ۵սĻ󣬸ʦֻ˵ʦ𷽴ɽ֮壬ΪѹۣΪЩڵ۵սеʦֱ
Ҳζţڵ۵սĻʦ𷽴ɽ֮ţ
ֻǣʦţΪһֱ֣
ۼɽͳ٣ʦΪβȥ
У϶顣
Ѱ˼ãҲ벻һ𰸡
֪Щɢеʦʦǣ»ҰƵƮš
ǣ϶ĬĬΪɽһЩ˿֪飡


1930 ƾս׼
պ
ѰͲһϢطڡ
һأѰ㿪ʼ׼չ顣
۵ʢĻֻаʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬Ѱ㽫ʵһΣ
壬츣ǰ
£ұչڼ䣬ͷѼһЩй۵ʢˡ
Ѱ
ԱߣʤѩɵĽµͷӷıǡ
ȻҲҪиУⶫ¡
Ѱ룬ԼеһЩĵӡУ˹ȥ
һһ󼤵ӿľϲ
̫ļֵǹҲǴУео͸ȴ޼֮
֪ԼĹӣʥбͼ޵УҲϲɶ۵ȵĵһ
лӡ
̧ף峺
Ѱ΢΢һЦûٶ˵ʲôת붴츣ء
˵ĲڹУ¾ǳ䵱һ̵߰ĽɫҲһѵõ컯
ૡ
˾߹°֮񣬻ۣ

䣡
ڣѰϥӳתϼ꣬¡¡
ԳҡǿյִѰһϵıչء
һУΪͻƣ
ͼ֮䣬׼֮״ɣӲԣŵϡ
ڣɽת֫ٺ֮ڣͷųһֳγ飬ƣ
ҿڶ츣ڣؽڡ
ĻʱĶ˷ӿ콵
һУΪѰĵ̫ۺͰ磬ǡΪֵ;ԿƵ޶
֮ǰѰͽȸ̸ʱ˵ɹŽδ֮޹Žδ֮
ѰУȻʱ֮š

һº
壬츣ڡ
һĺѰ쳹޾Թϳ磬ͻ͡
ۿɼϢˮǴ֮ƽڽӿֳ
дԨ񷣬к¯һ֮֯һ𣬾Ө貣ҫԡ
ĵо
һʱ䣬ˣһʥϵϢʥبŲࡣ
ͻˣ
ãһжָƽʱѰһ˲һԴԨӿ֣ĿȻݣ类ɵƵġ
ʥڡ
ӿȵѰȻһ˵㣬ž޵Ϊִԭ
־ϵɱ䣬˽һ֮أм֮С
ζԡ
Ѱ߳
۵ʱΪͻֻһ˿չһ±Ϊͻƣˮɵ顣
ڣѰһͻƺ
塣
ںһʱ䣬ݾڴ˷ϡ
ϲСƾϣڴ֮·ϸһ
չһµѰʱһ¶֮̾ɫףء
һ£
ԼʦүСʦ壬񳹵ױһһΪʥڡ
־˵ɱ䣬úһѾһ
ˣҴֻһɱĵС
ѰЦſڡ
ָָԼ죺㡭òдɣ
ѰԸָ㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
Ц
ϣĸʥȥ׼д裿
ɲˣѰûͻ֮ǰһ֮ɱλ׼۾ǿߣ
ǵѪܵһĻжһ󷢲

һٻڳϺ
ƽҺ£
ܿ죬Ųն
һСѸͻƣ֮̽սдһ
Ц˵
˵ʱаԼһƽ̣׼۾Բزһд˽һ
飿
Һ棬Ͳصˡ
һ鴤ŷڣֹǺҲ˵Ѱǰı뺷ս
ʱҪĻ᲻ףһд轫ٵĺ
һЦݽӲžܾƽ֪ʱһЩ
ϵдѣĪҪá
﷢ֻ࣬ӲͷƤӦ
Сѣֻд裬鰡
Ŀ⿴ѰŰٰΡ
һ׼ۣȴҪһʥ飬ȥΪЦɡ
ɺͺǰˣȫܵ˿
ѰһЦˣҲѳʱĪҪ
ʹӦʵϣҲ
ˣΪרŰһؾд裬һ汻˼
Ļһ̫ܵңɾͲÿˡ
ܿ죬Ѱͺؾ硣
ȴ⡣
Ƭ̺ؾоʹܻƽ̣һ֣һ˸ǽһСѵĶ֣
һô֧Ųסˣ
֪ڵϳϣ׼۾еս֮ǿᣡ
ʶԾæ̩һˡ
ৣ
ղһ׳ߴӰֶڵĳ֮һ̩һ׼ۺڵĴ
ȥؾһս
ɿ̬Ҳ˲ýԵɡ
ͼ̩ͫһ˸Ϲȥȥ
ɱڣδ£ѳؾ硣
׼ۣӦܼһӰɣ
ûã̩Ҳ͸߷ŭƽ̣˿ң
ҲУ
У
̩봫
ʱ˲ٴγٻ䣬ˮ
һ֡
ûãӰ½Ůòͬڵ׼
Ƚȥ
ɿ
һͷˮɻԽؾ硣
ʱ򣬺Ÿλ׼۽͵һСѵΪոͻƣԣһЩ˸дһԴ֤ս
һ
ˮ뵹Ҳ֤Ѱɱλ׼۵һĻĻĻ᲻д轫ĺ
ƽֻ̣һˣƺаɣ
ˮ̲ס
ҡͷһˣں֮ǰ̩˶ѽС
ԭλһ֡˿
ˮɫ䣺ԣ֧סЩʲô
һ仰ýĶһ
ڴʱؾٴδС̫ˣֱǸ˽
͸𾪺ͽ
ˮλ׼۰һֶѹסСӣ
͵һҧˣЩϼһ棬ɾܶˣ
һӣһȥ
ˮĶӿһ˵Σô׼һֻ֣ΪѹһʥˣʤԵúܶ˰
ˣʲôȥ
ˮǶһֻۣӲͷƤӦؾ硣


1931 ׼
ˮͽλ׼۽ؾڣ͵λ׼ںѰս
һ뵽⣬Ǿһ鴤
ǿչŵǷëǰĴڡ
ݺ֪ҲֻͥȻУܵü
ʱһһš
ؾٲʲôԮúһٲУǿɾˡ
ˡ
һյʱؾڷһѰӰ߳飬ͷɢԵЩǱ
ϸɫһ԰ף˥
ƤĵСѣǶ̫ݣ˵㣿
ѰҡͷЦûУһսʹ֮Ҫлѳȫ
ЦЦǾͺãǾͺðСѸվһսȻȥúõϢһȹһ硣
Ѱͷȥ
ĿӰ뿪סпԼʦүλСʦ塭͵һͿ
ԣ
أʶԾô̩ǻ
ؾ磬ϥصĺʱӶ
ͼǺ̩ǽ䡢ˮһҪôףĿȫǣҪôлӡ
λ׼ۣԶĴﰡ
ڣǾһһﱩһ٣ģúЩĿȥˡ
СӾǸ
ˣĲˡ
֮£˭й¶ҾԺƴ
һҧгݣɫߡ
һ̣ҵʱûȥѰд裬Ļ˵ģȻҲ³

ϻضʱѰ㿪ʼϥ
֮ǰλ׼۾ǿߵһս˫ԼûжñһЩɱﵰ
ˣµսѿԿסλ׼۵֣
֮ǰ̩ģңʵΪտʼٵԵʣסѰȫ¡
ֱˮһɱ룬Ѱеѹвڶսʱѹһͷ
ѰţñƽȽͨܵģ϶Լ
սѰ֪ԼսͬʱҲ˽⵽׼۾İء
׼ۣʥ֮ǰ޽ӽڵ۾
ڴ˾޵ߵ塢ꡢΪһһ𡱡
ֱ׼桯
۳һִ𣬿׼һؾ
۳֣׼۶ؾ
塢ִȫۣ׼ؾ
ųɾŵ׼۾ڣ׼һؾڡ
ԭڣЩ޵ߴ޵ʼҪôҪô塣
;һ֣ʶԺУͬʼֵ;УڳΪ׼۾ΪԵʣŻһؾٳ޷ͻơ
Ѱ֮ǰɱЩ׼ۣԵϵ欺Ϳ󣬻Ǻλ׼۾ڡ
׼һؾ
֮ͬǰĺ̩λ׼۾ڣҲֻк׼۶ؾ˽һؾ
պ˵ڣҲֻƽ̺һ˴׼ؾĴԲز
ѰĿǰҲֻ֪׼۾ؿһһѣľڣ֮ѡ
һЩϹ»£ҲΪ޷۳ڶ֡𡱣Ϊֹ޷
⣬׼۾Ҳž
׼ۺһ׼ۣͬʥһʥĲͬȫ֮⼫
ɰպǵ˵Ͼڶ࣬ʥҲżʣΨ׼ۣ֮ټ
ԭڣʥʱһɲľ١Ǿʥǿ֤̤׼۾ûκγɹϣ
̤׼۾ߣһ
ǿĹʶ
˽ЩϢҲѰʶԼսܿ󾳽ɱ׼۾ڡ
һ׼ּټĿֲ϶׶༪٣
׼ۣһҲ֪ʥϣ֤׼֮ʱҪһεȴĽˡ
Ѱһ뵽⣬ҲȻ֮·ԶպͽɣֲĪ⡣
Ѱٴαչء
ΪϣǾʥڣʱҲͻơ
ķ˴Ͳϡ

Ѱչصĵ¡
ڣѰӲӣתʢ糱Ĺ꣬ڡ񹬡о˵ɶں
ܿ죬һسѰͷ̨֮أٿȻһĿޱȵİ׹⡣
Ѥգҫۣ
أһ׹ۣûһۣɢϢӰһ콵񽣣˫⺮
׽壡
ߣ֮һɱ֮Դִ֮ɱ֮֮
һɰ׽̥ĴϢâԾ޼᲻ݣﲻ֮ϡ
⣬ҲѰ۳ĵ
ˣ̥ΪѰԴͥҲζԲز
֪ͥĴ󾳣ֱ̡ɫζ¡
̣̻֮֮
ɫ֮Ϊ̥
ζ̥е壬ҲѰĿǰľ硣
¾˾ߴӵʶ͵УӵвڱΪ
¾֮ɬǣֻкʶİأѰ֮磬޷ȥƿء
ƶϣӵ׼۾Ϊʱܹеȥ¾İء
䣡
Ѱľ׽ڣ糱ˮӿͷ
ĬãѰһȻԼɼİ׽֮伡ëӳǡһӿ֣ɢ˵Ĺ⡣
ն˺飬͵ı
ԶԶһѰ˾һ콣â¶ֱҪ졢ءȫһն

Ѱ̧֣׽֮Ļۣջһâ⡣
һĨâ⣬£Ҳ£Ŀޱߣܽ˵궼˺ѿ
һ˲һֲִɱΧ
գѰתһҫ֮â⽥ʧġ
Ѱ޷ƽ
Ϊһͨâ̡֮ǰ׽츳һ֮ɾ
Ѱƶϣâ֮һȻ׼һؾ¶޷ܿ
Ϊһ̣̫죬̫̫Ե۰׽һ֮ڣȻɱҲΪ¡
ľ壬֮壬֮ӡˮ壬ˮǧƷٽ֮ͫ
׽壬Ʒậ֮츳ɱҲϬһ
ѰĬĬŰ׽İҲ̾ѡ
ǿ츳ȫͬȵԿǿ˸
ɴҲֳʦָڴϵ裬Ǻε֮ɾޣ



1932 ֮
׽Ѱͽһ˼˵֮ϡ
ˡ
һӨ࣬ԲµĴ޿̸ֶһƵطĵ֮ۼ
޿̣ܹ޵ݺ͸֮ʣ
ѰһС
һ˲䣬ƿصĴһۼڴ޿ڡ
֮ˮ̫֮֮֮
˺ֵسڴ޿ڣһɼӳѰͷ
ݣһҲ֮Ӵ޿ӿԴĲٶȻһأ
еģɬĵطһһӭж⡣
ֽ֮õĸѰ˶У޷԰Ρ
ͬʱӰ󷽣֣֮ʱ¯ʱԨʱعһƬ硣
еĴѰϵݺͲҲǱԽԽۺǿʢ

ʱ󣬲֪ѴҴ¹ȥ
ѰչʱҲǷӿ
۵ʢʱٽȥ⣬ʮ˸ݾڵ۵ѡΣԶĻ
һЩݾУͨ۵ѡεķʽѡǰʮǿߡ
ʮݣҲʹİٰʮλͨѡζӿֳľǿߣڲú뵽۵ʢУ
εȺ嫺͹׿ݲ̸ݾҲֲ
ȴֻİٰʮʸ۵ʢᡣ
ɣİٰʮˣȻǾʥҫۡ׿һǿߡ
ܹעģÿݾڵĵһѡ
¹ЩѼϢÿһݾڵǰʮ˵֡Ϊ
ڣ޿Ǭȴһ𣬽һ򽻸˽¡
лˡ
µл֮󣬾ͷ
Ŀֱ˸޾ĵһϣɫʱԡ
ݳ۵ѡεһݵһͳѩںĴ˵һˣʥԲΪ˳ơݽһʥ
ڤڤ۵ѡεһȪһ䣬ڤΪڤݻ޵һʥ
㣬۵ѡεһˣȺսھʥһˡ
һֿȥýҲӿһ˵ѹ
һϣֻʮ޵һǿߣһǵһ̳֮Ⱥף
Щݵһ޷͹ȣҲӦǺ½һľǿߡ
ૡ
⻹ֻʮ֮ӿֵҫ֪ͥʮսеĺעֻǿһһͱ̬
οܹ뵽۵ʢģں磬ǿڣͬв֪ٵľѷԴ˴۵ʢỢ
һ۵ȣҵʶʲô죬ˡ
޿һԸпٹһʱ䣬۵ʢͽݣʱָӿֳٲ˼ĸǿߣ
һϯüǬڴҲ겻ѡ
ϣԶȱǿ󣬸Ľɫ˭޵УĸԲܣ
ã½һСɲˣӱչǰҪѼ۵ʢйصϢ
ʮݸѡγĵһˣɶѾݵһЩ콾ϡ
ǬȻԣЩһ˽ʱ۵ʢῪʼͻһ
˻һòһ
˵ǿչŵеĵһ磬֪ĵһ硣
ôݣǺһݣ
ͥʮսԼֲޱȵĵ̾УҲӿֳ˲֪ҫ۵
˴۵ʢᣬΪܹǿע⣿
Ϊٰ˴ʢģͥ
ͥЩȻУĸûмǿᵽȫ޷ó
Щ˶ʮݵĵһˣǵȷκ˶òӣ
ɲԣ֪ĵͥĵӵһˣǸš֮㡯ƺŵĿѣ˵۵ʢῪʼ֮ǰøݵһȫͷ
Ǭ˵
˻һ¶ü
ѣ
û˵˱ʥǰ˸ǿ֮ϣ½֪
Եϣš֮㡱ƣҲš֮ĳƺš
ͷκʹţʵʤ
ڷҡϣɱٿϵǿߣڵִ󣬸ɱԺĵͥĿһˣÿ֪Щ飬϶Ὣìͷָӡ
һЩ飬Щǡ
ܹʥǰʮģĸǿ֮ϵľ콾
ѣе壡
ӿҲһ˿ɱȣҹ鷳ʤ˵
˼⡣
һĿѣ˵Ȼ治֪֮ǰЩˣָúεȿ¡
ૡ
֪ʥǰʮĽɫΪʸ뵽˴۵ʢᣬƾϣ֤׼ˡ
ͳ֮Щڣһѹƾ磬۵ʢϣ˭˭ù
ɲã֪ʥֻһܽȫϡ
Ҳ˷ЩǿľУ϶Ҳвڿ֮ĸ
˵˵һѣָûгʥϣڣ۵һˣ
һϯͬ
Ҳ˵Ϊ˴۵ʢеĿ⣬ƵͥҪڴ˴ʢϣ¶ʥ
ǬȻһѣ۵ʢϵΣƾսԿ֮ϣܹ٣ǾҪ۵ʢϵıˡ
ĬĬţҲ
۵ʢϣԹӵսҲһЩ벻ĴС
ϾһʢӰȫʢǰݣ֮ͬеš콾һʵֻһһ̬
ǲ֪۵ʢ϶úεˡ

ۣһʱＸںÿһݾڣ֪ٴ޵ڴһʢ١
¸طӿ۵ʢϢҡ
Ѱʮ˸ݵһˣǳΪעĽ㡣
ȻǹעֽСһ
ͬݣѰʮ˸һ˵Ҳһһͥʮսȴڡ
һУڱչеѰȻ
һʱ䣬ƾ޿̵İĵ֮Ҳǿֳһּζ
վһһЩ
ǲа
һ죬ѰӴüͷ
ֻһ֮ܽݵԲزɾһһϣѰѾ˼ǧٴΣҲûܽơ



1933 ʥǰʮ
ֻչؿǲеġ
Ѱ˼ãջǷ˼ԵĴ㡣
߳
һ죬۵ʢῪֻʣһ£Ѱӱչ߳
µľޣһвɱ䡣
Ϊͻʥڣܹλ׼۾ǿ߶Կ
۳׽壬ƿ츳ͨâ̡֮˽ͥζԲزӵ
ƾ޿֮֮ƽһƣֻһɵִＫԲز
ɱջѰսҲ츲صı仯ȫǰһˡ
ӣЩй۵ʢһЩϢϡ
дһ˿ϲã˫ֽһݸѰ²ԼҹӵϢɲˡ
Ѱһ֮£ùⷭ
ݵһݳڤݵһڤݵһ㡭
һҫƥ֣һ棬ÿһдˡǣ̾
ֻǣѰȴ
Դӵп羳նɱ׼۵ս֮ͬУѼķۡ
裬żһѰһ˿ԼȻӯӯЦ⡣
ţ
ܿ죬Ѱע⵽һ֣ͭݵһˣط
Ժ鲻ԽظֳһƤЦµĿ
ڷҡϺǿʱԳơСš꣬ϲſǽͷϿˡ
Ѱȴû뵽һﾹһԾͭݾڵ۵ѡεһˡ
ϵϽܣط֮ϺᣬƵ֮֮顱ս֮ǿͭʥڣ˿ɼ
֮顭
ѰҲ棬ȵ֮Ǻε
ܿ죬ѰֿһϤ֡
ӡ
һ̬䣬òĺУšС족֮Ƶϻɲ
Ѱǵã棬ӼԼʱԵĵСη壬Լˮޡ
ҲѰӡ
Ѱȴû뵽ޱȵСĺУΪˡħݡ۵ѡεһˣ
ħݣǿһħĽħߵ£ҲĴ֮硣
˵СӣȴһԾɴݵĵһˣ̫˲˼ˡ
ϼأӵ츳֮޳ġƿص֮٤ᡱвս֮
˼
ѰЦЦֱƬ̺Žеһһꡣ
ӣ˵ѣ
ºȻ
˭
Ѱһ
±㽫ѵݽһ飬ʲô֮㡱֮ʲôʥ壬ľ
Ѱһȡ
ֱ˵ԣ۵ʢ֮ǰ¸ݵһ˾ͷʱѰʱЦ
ϵĺᣬһһŰ
ȻѰԼĿ޵߶ԣѾһֲκ˼ɵĴڣҲʸԡ
ӣݣɱ˿ϵһˣȻĻᱻѿݣ۵ʢˣɶСһЩ
¶
Ѱһÿɷ
ʱɱ֪ٵͥʮսǿߣսҲȥɵͬеκˣ
һ󣬺Ҵҡ
СѳرãҸսӵϢճʱڵƽ̹飬ͻ۵ǰʮˣǰݡ
˵
Ѱͽ¶һۣԵͷӦ
һ۵һˣһеߣʸ뵽۵ʢС
ˣ̱
죬Ѱһ뿪ǰɽ

ڡ
һֺڣѰµִʱͿ½͡Ľл껨ͼ޼ϡ˳ɽеˣѵִ
һϢɬˡ
һʱ䣬ΪҲо
ѰͽʱвĿⶼ䵱Ѱı仯ʱ˵Ŀⶼһ
ͬʱѰҲע⵽½ͣˣҲ仯
Ȼһʱǽֻڵ;ͻƣ½Ҳͬˡ
ѾˣճʱұŶһǰݣȥμͥһٰ۵ʢᡣ
ƽ̹Ӱ˴Уһ仰Ȼһ
סĸţʲôݣڵִ֮󣬱ֻһݡǿߣ
ᣬһὫ˽⵽й۵ʢϢǣŽ֮ҲԽһЩ
ֶһЩмˣ齻Ѱʮһһ
УŵϢޱȾˣĲһϸͥʮսȻ뵽۵ʢеǿ
ͬʱҲһЩǿľϣЩͬҲ뵽۵ʢᡣ
УֻʣѰʮˣԽоеݡ
Ѱһۿģһҫ۵ǿ
ܣͥĵӣʥʮ̫ŵϺᣬ츳ݣ̳ƿص֮򡮰˻Ķ𡯡
̫ŵϵʼ棬Ϳϡϡϵʼһ̫֮һšƲۡ
Ϳǧ壬Ǭͥĵӣʥھţʮս塮ˮս塯Ѫᣬƿص֮ˮ䡯
ħͥĵӣʥڰˡ
ᣬƵͥĵӣʥߡ
籱飬̫ŵϴѪᣬʥ
ѡ
һֿȥѰĸоֻһʥǰʮ֮УҪͥĴ˰ռһգ
û뵽ġʸũױˣҲ뵽һ۵ʢˣ
أԾͼ红ͯСϣһƬ֮ɫ
Ҳ׷ײĿɫȻ
ģͥĵӵһˣưʥһ꣬һ֦㣬ܺλ
֣ǿչŵ϶Ϊ
һ޵еĴ
ʸũǬͥĵӵһˣʥڶ
ĻδʱԻʸũ𣬹ھʥ֮ϣ
⣬ͬһ޷óĿֲ
ױƵͥĺĴˣ漣ݣʱ䣬ʥϵͷҡϣֱռݵλ
˲²⣬ٸױһЩʱ䣬ȥһڶλҲϣ
ġʸũױȻҲ뵽˴۵ʢС
Ϣ֮ǰ˭Ҳû˵ģõ½͡л껨Ҳһ󷭹
۵ʢҪԶиְ
Ľ̾
һÿһ־һɽѹͷϣ˸еεѹ
ֹǼֱ֣Ǳ̬ЩǿľҲǳصġ
˳ЦҶɣҵɫڲ뵽۵ʢʱ¶Ϊġ
һϯɫ𲻶
½ͣüëϸоϵݣһ˿
ʼգѰԵúƽϧ𣬲뵽С


1934 ʢ´Ļ
еݣȷκ޵ľ
Ѱ
ܹ֮£ܹסλ׼۾ǿֵʱľѾı䡣
֮ͬˣͬĶʱѰѿʼȥ˼׼ۣζԿ⡣
οʱѰͶ۵ʢ᲻Ȥ
Ϊ΢ʦ˵˴۵ʢĿģǰǡɽѰٻرѰܻ
֣ڴ˴۵ʢᣬο
Ȼ½ڣѯѰĿ
ʱ˵ĿҲѰ۵ʵĵһˡ
˭ҲܻĿˡ
Ѱһ˵ʲô֮磬۵ʢĻʱһ
شòЩʧ
ϸһ룬ȴѰֹ۵㲻޵
Ȼ˴ε뵽۵ʢеģǵһһķȱһЩƱ̬ĺݽɫ
˭ָ˵ڳЩˣû۵ʢϴŹʵĻ᣿
֮һָܷߵͣ
峿
һתıӴڿգŴƽ̹ԼѰʮˣݷɳ۶ȥ
ͬʱأ½ͬһĻ
Ӹ۵ѡӱǰʮǿߣǿߵĴ£˷ǰݡ
һģǰ۵ʢᡭڽҪˡ
·ƣ˻ݣǲ֪˴ʢϣжҫӱ
ĿԴǣ

ĸطۣ޵߽ڴһδеʢ£
Ԥ۵ʢϣƱؽšӢ꣬۵棬һԸߵͣ
磬һƬδ֪֮ڣȺɽƣ˼
һѩĺ֮ϣһӰֳֵͣһŲʯ
ಣ
һٿȻӼԶ߷Ӷ
ǵӰûеȴһͽһסǰ
꣬ĥľҵȵλˡ
ͳ
ͼʯһӰչһ֫
䣡
ǰѩĺȻը飬Ʋ㡢ն͵ݡ
һ̣һޱ߿ֲķϢһӰϳȺɽԲ
ٿӰƮҷУΰ
ġʸũױǺǣôˣ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵ𣿡
ӴһĨ⣬Ӱƾʧ
䣡
ʧǱУһͷϢֲľޣһ˻һƬϸŵľǷܻɬĵơ
Ƭδ֪֮صһֺޣӵ׼۾Ϊȴ˵꣬ѹһ֮£

硣
ʱѵ
һͣͷǰϣһħ̹Ѫ
£Ѫһ۵ʢῪʼ𣿡
ǡ͹
ˣٲ´Ҳ֪Ҫʲôʱˡ
һѪ͵سһɫħֱ
ɲǼ䣬ҹĻ٣ʮ֮أԸĺɫħ֮¡
ͻһ£¶Ȼ֮ɫ
һϱ׼ۣɴʱȴеһĪĺ⣬ļ²ѡ
ҲڴʱīĹħУ߳һ޳Ӱʤѩ˳Ⱦ
ʣʹϢƫƫߣȴһصħͼֶ
֪ף
һΪ֪Ķ֣һڡħѪ֮ڵľ
֪غڡ
ӿںڰ
ͬʱ
һڹĺһЩں۵ʢʼ½Ӱӿͬһط
ݣ

Ƶͥ
һӹϵĲ®ڡ
˴۵ʢᣬǣɽһ׮컯Ļʱµ۾Ȼš
ԸȥͥϢǸһ۾ǰһִ˴ʢᡣ
®ڣһ¾ɵƷò񳣬Ϣò۵ߣϥϣȻ
ǣ
®⣬һĵĹˣһò棬̬ŵӣͷڣϲ
ˣƵͥƽ̡
̫
һͨһϹʱ̤۾ľ
ɴʱȴɫׯ࣬Źζ
Ϊǲ®ھ޵ģƵͥһλʯϹŶһ綨һ֮棡
ɻ
̫
۵ʢᣬֻС棬ʵǣɽĻر֮ǵ۾Ҳ޶ԡ
®ڣߵΣ˴۵ĹѶ£Ȼ۵ʢĵصƵͥôأ͵κΥ档
̫ͷıǡ
˵Ҳڴ˴۵ĻʱǵڡɽڵĻرֻỨ˭ҡ
ƿڡ
ֹ棬עҲޱȹĴ£Ͼӵһδ֪֮صĻرɾ͵ӵ˿һͥĸ
̫תâ
Ƶͥĳ֣ͬΪһر
Ƶ
ŵ˵Ƶܹͥͥ磬롰֮ͥУƵԴ
˴ǡɽڣֽһر
ɣǿ£עһ㣡
̫ȵ۾Ҳ޷ġ
ȥɣס۳ʲô粨԰۵ʢĹ졣
®ڣࡣ
̫ͷȥ


1935 ս
УһұŲƷɳۡ
ϣ鲼ϯѰʮƽ̸
ݣԹžСڵۻ֮أ֮ĳƺţɫڵִҲ
пޱȷͶʢֹڶ࣬ǿ֣һݾڣڰĴڡ
Ѱ˾ĬţҲȻ
ݣ
֮أǿΪʢһŴݽ֮󣬾ޱ󣬸޷
ѺݾһСһĺôݾһƬ󺣣
ȴ˴۵ʢʱϾǴһһһĶʢͲãԺעŲɹĺô
һλȺ͵ĳѰ̸޼ӿԡ
Ѱ֪οԹӡ󼫺ãһдؽ󣬴ǰ
ȻǴеĿģ۵ʢᣬȵִݣһǵһʱǰâɽƵͥ̾ϡ
ʱ׿ľʥԻУһ뵽۵ʢС
ҵõϢ˴ʢὫƵͥƽ̡̫ǰ֣
˵⣬˶
̫
ǰ֤Ϊ۵һͨǿգĺš̫ƴۡķš
Ԥ۵ʢĻʱƱػ۾Ϊͳʢϡ
ж¶һĨ㽡
һ۵ʢᣬֹɾ޵ľʥһãһڵ۹񣬿δУ
䣡
أԶһҵƿ
ʱֹ𣬴Ѱһ߳գͿԶգһͷ޴ޱȣһƯ½ġޡշɶݡ
ޱϣһɽɽϹ۴αȡ
ǹѣ
ϣֳһΰӰЦ
ԭǲѡ
ЦŹ֡
·ҪͲ̸ˣȵִâɽơ
ã
һ
ǵӰкʹ޼۶ȥ
ݵһͳȺսڵƽ̣һ˴μ縺Ŵǰʮ֮˲μ۵ʢ񡣡
һ䡣
ݣҼǵݵһ˽㣬ɼˣ续ݵһӡ
Цϧˣղžûһλ˵ķɡ
ҲЦ
һ۵ʢϣֹȺ貣һǿվްľ˳֣

ʻݽ
ϧΪ˸·ѰǸ޷ϸϸᵽݵķò
ͨâɽġպУһڣɵִƵͥ
һϵĳǳ֮ǰƯһָһ˵
պ
һֿе·УֱӵִĿĵء
ֻͥʮսȻͲ·
ͨ͹ŲƣҪƵƵ͹󣬺ķѴĵ˵Ҳϸ·ʱ鷳
Ͼ̫ˣպǵִâɽҪҹ̵ر֪졣
ߡ
óһصƣһΣеһʱĹ⻬ֳһŻ
ವһڹ£У˲ʧ
պڣһһƬҝĻһ
ҲһͨâɽպУѰ½Ӱ
еĳ޴ıеھ֮ϣеĲƣеļԦ
һ·ϣ鲻Ϻ˴кͬʱҲѰǽܶԷݣǺһԺݾǿߡ
ڤݡݡѩݵȵȡ
ԭǼһڤ
ö˰ÿһϢǰֲ
𣿡
½͡л껨ͼҲпѡ
һ·ϣǼݵҫÿһвͬķɺơ
ʼգѰţʵҲ̾ѡ
˴۵ʢᣬ˭뵽µҫﾹ֮ࣿ
䣡
͵أһ쳹պϡ
һϵͭսӺ󷽱۶ɢ¡¡
ͼͭս̫ǰݣϼתƮӿֳ
ͭսģǰͷɫݣÿһͷݣ֮ƣһȣɢֲޱߵĻ棬ǵϢȻ׼۾ڣ
̫ŴסϷ
ͷ
ȴֻǳ䵱սĽɫ
ս
Ǽħ۵ݣ
·ӰԲԼͬ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
һЩӵϱ¶ޱȵļɵ֮ɫԥһ࣬ͷ
ħۣ
칬֮ǿħ۾֮һһ߳죬ħĿֲڡ
칬䲻ͥʮսȻΪмħڣȻͥʮսȻҲС칬Ĵڡ
ŵ˵ħһˣͳ칬
ʱħ۵ݳ֣˭ܲ˭Ҳ
һʱ䣬Уóһĵ··Ӱ˱һ࣬ռž
飬˿ҲͷѰˣ֮ħ۵ݡ
磡
ѰҲ¶֮ɫ
һսֶѣ޷ȷħǷϣɵʱȴ٣һ·ǿ߽Եͷ
ħۣǺεȿֲһλڣ
ţ
أѰӹһĨɫϣһö꣬ǵƣڴ˿̺ȻһĨ⡣

սϣĻڣڿռ伫֮󣬾һֺ롢й
һģ崿籦ʯƵİŮѩ׵С
ǰϣǿȵģһ֣Ǽֵǣϡ֮һЩϹﶼѡ
ڣЩ˰Ůʳ
ɿЩʳһ㶼Ȥ
С棬ôˣǸѰСӣ
ϣһɫһΡ
Ӱü޽˪ףţһζ
˵ʱժĻƤ«һھƣЩӡ
ЩȥˣСѾͷĺ͹ģǸŻëͷСӡ
Ҫ֪ЩΪ˲ǰΣ䣬þһֶȥΪŮá
ֻҪŮҪԺԥӦ
εǣԼŮһֱѰС
ģܳζ
˵Ѱ뵽۵ʢ𣿡
Ů
ü⣬ɲ˵˵ҪǿչŵУСӿһھܾˣҶɣֱڻڹŻڡ
Ȼֹ
ΪȻŮ峺Ĵ۾ģһĵӡ
Ӷʱˣ죬ʲô壬ʲô
ΨŮˣ


1936 δ
С棬СҲпѾִǿչŵ
һ룬ֳĶε֮ǿչŵ𶯡
ŮһҾǵѰ磬Żǣ
֮Ļʱͨǿչŵ·ϣΧ£Ҳûκ˷Сӵ䣬ЩǿڣҲһֱû˼СӣҲŻỳɣطŻˡ
Ůһ˵ҪѰ磬ûعŻôҪھȥɣҿûȤȥ۵ʢ񡣡
һЦС棬ҵִȥӣǹŻѱǣҵ꽫ӹŻʱɸ˲СĴۡ
Ůһ̾Ȼôźá
Ҫ˵ʲôٿȻӿһĨɫ
ৣ
һʱ䣬һɿɲ־ϢشӾսӳѰڵı
һëȻѡ
кȻ
⡭ѵǼħ۵Ϣ
ͬʱѰ½͡л껨˻һڣ类ϲ֮۶ţܣһֱһյĸо
ǣ
Ƕɫ䡣
ڹ飬ǰе֮ǰˡ
鹪
Ǵ졣
ҿ϶һֲ־ȻԼħۣǿħ۾֮һ
һԺͥƽƽƽͨ뢣
һֻ۾ɴʱһСϰ֮С
һ˽ʲôʲô
һڹĺƮƮ죬ȴһεϡ
ͫһӲͷƤ˵ǰһ۵ȵһ
һŶһͳʧ
ͬʱڹ顢½ϵĿֲϢҲ֮ʧõǻһɡ
ΨѰâڱ彩Ӳ
ΪһɿֲϢһâ´һУһִ֮С
죬һľ쳹ˣҿɺڴ۵ʢϵı֡

ѰһǺ⣿
̧ȥͼǾսڰͷϷǣ£¡¡ʻԶ
Ҳ߰ɡ
ͬʱظ㿪ڣٶʹǰ

սϡ
ЦС棬ǲȥŻˡ
ŮȻΪΣ
ĿŮұ֤۵ʢᣬ϶ʧ
Ůһ˼⣬ڵһȸԾò˵Ѱ۵ʢϰɣ
аޣҵŮ氡
ȥһ֪ˡ
ˬʴЦ
ԥ죬Ůյ˵ͷ

ѵԼݱˣ
ϣѰһɲ
ΣûзʲôۣѰһղűħ۵Ϣʱζֱ尾֮
һֳһεŷ
ŷϣӡһĵġ
ģ
һ֣ȴپ죬Ȼ˻֮⡣
ŷǵڹŻСĸ
ѰˣҴС뿪ʱһ̤񷣬ҡȥ
޷ֹ뿪ǵȰԵ̬ѰһʶʲôСͱ족
ҲжϳСĸףӦһ۾ڣ
ڸղţսʱŷȻһ˿
ţǼħ۵Ϣֶ
뵽Էղ˵Ǿ仰ѰԺ鲻Խֳһͷ
⼫ħۡòСĸװɣ
뵽⣬ɫҵ飬ǰܸܲҽһ⼫ħ۵飿
룬ħۣ֤Ϲʱսɲ⣬һսǵһһǰħͥս
ʱħͥӦսλ۾Ϲһ⣬԰ڼħ۵Ľ֮¡
һսħ۵ֳ쳹Ϊħ۾֮һ
ν˵硣ûһȷе˵˽֪ҡ
⣬ѰͫȻһо
ң
СĸףǴ칬֮ļħۣ
Ѱ֮ľһеһ⣬š
ֱã侲ףħӦþͨһɫŷϳԼݣ
ǰˣСǲҲߣ
Ѱ棬ңǰӦҲԼһ¶ͻ粨ŻûиԼϰɣ
׼Ҫִâɽˡ
أ
ͼպֳһ貵Ż
ѰڵıУʱʧ
䣡
һ췭ظƵľһζǰתƵı仯
Ұʱһɾ磬ӳ˵Ұ֮С
ͼԶϼڣܻ֮һϴ¡
ϣȺɽçç
ÿһɽع㣬ƮأɢԭʼϡۻʥϢ
ԶԶţѰǾ𺳡
Ƭأ紫˵еɾŵĴϢܹظ֮ܵ䣬ŨȸȪӿڣɢ֫ٺƮƮɡ
âɽ
ţʱƬһƬδ֪֮ءƵͥʦ֣˵ڴɽеĻرƵԴ˿ٳƵͥ
âɽӴҲ˽֪һ֮ͥأӴ¡
ʱѰ֮أλƵͥɽ⣬ɼˣĿľѿ׳ʮ㡣
ҹĪҪж
𱦴ѰʮƮȻأһɽǰ
ѻӰԺѰһԺݾǰʮˡ
ݵĵڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
һƵͥ꣬Զ֣̬Ȳ䲻ԡ
Сָ
鹰˹֣Ѱ߹ȥ
ݵһͳƽ̣Ƶͥеһ˰ĵʱȴ¶أ
ɴˣͿԿƵͥĵλƣε֮ȻͿֲ
ڴԵȣʮݵĵѵˣһΪһһ֮ء
궣һ䣬ʹҴҶȥ
ɽǰԸݵǿ߽ڱ˴˴ţʲô
ͬ½л껨ˣҲڴڳˣ϶Էݺ
Ǹ۵һˣܵĿע⡣
Ӧþǽһ۵һˣ½ѹһͷ
һ٣Եôȴܵ͵

ڴͶĿѰ벻⣬ľҲܵʲôӰ졣
ȻһЦ𣺡δ꣬¹ּˡ
ѰһĿ⿴ȥͼԶطһ£ƤЦ곯


1937 ѵĿ
̬ɵ
Ȼط
ǸѰһҡǿյꡰСš
㣿
һ̸϶ྪȡ
Ϊ֮ǰ̽ϢУ֪ƤЦļһͭ۵ȵһˣ
μ۵ʢᣬͲ֡
¹ﻹǵҡ
ЦģԵú飬ɶҼǵ㲻Ǻһжأ
˵ţĿ⿪ʼѰ½͵ϴ
Ӳڡ
µ
ŶһȻЦڷҡʱҾͿһװӦֻһݳְɣҲ²ⲻǱߵĽһǲǾǼһ
һ
ɲڣͰֵؽͣУˣҸ۵ʢϣǿɶһģǰչضԾд裬֮ɲɱ
˵ţЦųԶѰ˵ͷתȥ
üһ﾿̽Ѿ³˹ӵݣ
ӣղš
£ѰղĻһһ֮
Ѱ룬СӦò޶⣬صġ
µ˵ͷ̲סִӣҪǼһˣ
Ѱڵ¾С
ʱƣâɽǰǿԽԽ࣬Ǻݵǰʮ
˵˴۵ʢϣǿһЩҲΪ
ֹ
Щߵĳţִؽʲô۵ѡΣֱӲ뵽۵ʢᣬǿɲһˡ
⡣
ڳЩˣҲǸҫ۵һ֮ӣֹͬе̳ҫ֮
֮ǰȴҲһδѡβŶ˲˴۵ʢʸ
֮ȣЩǿľѡξʸȻкܲƽ⡣
ֹǣͥʮսĴˣͬҲֱӲ۵ʢ𣿡
в۵ʢϣһһܣˣ֤Լ˵ʲô
ڳ۷׷֮ʣȻһ𡪡
˭վ
һ仰ȫĿ׷׿ͬһط
ͼһϵɽǰ֪ʱһӰڱɨˡ
һ˼޳ӣϼ£ͷƹڣӲӵӢϴһĨεļڽ֮ɫ
һվǣϼ뵣ͷ貣п֮ɣһ򵱹֮
ѡ

ѵҪ۵ʢ֮ǰͶ֣
һ궯Ըݵҫٶ¶ءɵԾ֮ɫ
ѣ
ʥ壬ĵͥĺĴˣһҫ۵һǳ
ǰǿյһţ֪ͬ
֣һӶһ¡
ǰЩ죬Ϣ˵ԣ۵ʢ֮ǰ¸ݵһ˾ͷ
Ȼ˿̿ѵĳ֣·ӡ֤Ϣ
һʱ䣬ԭڣǱѻȸž
ЩǿǰĴҲһɫ䣬û뵽ûнƵͥɽţѷǰˡ
ѰƳ˴һۣɫȻеһ¡
ڷҡʱԼȷɱ˲ٵϵǿߣڵִǿϡ欵һˣҲԼɱ
ʱԼԡݳ֣ȻٻɣҲϲܻɵԼͷϡ
ȻѰҲܼɵˡ
֪ϵʼ棬̫֮ۡһġۡ񻹱ѹĴڣһʱ䣬ٹһ¾ҪĨɱ
ۼ˵վɽǰĿѣɫԵ䵭Ͳм
ղŲ˲Ϊȴ˸ս
һ仰ȫӢ
һЩݵһˣ¶⣬ɲжͱߵĴһһȰ;棬۵ʢῪʼǰĪҪ£𲻱Ҫ鷳
ϾƵͥеڴҰЩݵɲô
ֻڱǷǣȴûվһĻɫȻǲ뵽۵ʢᣬҲûʲô𡣡
ҡͷ¶ʧ֮ɫ
վڴ˵أҪøȫͷԭΪԼ֮£˷Ȼվ
룬ȴ˸Ӧ;ͷƺҲûʲô𣬿ȴĸоȤ
ѣ۵ʢỹûʼ˵ЩЩ֮ˡ
ڣ̲סˣ֪ڳЩͬУ£ǲ۵ʢῪʼǰ֦ڡ
һӢӣ磬Դǻ˵ͷ
֦ڣ޷Ǽɵˡ
Ц̬ɣ֮У˭ΪлҿѵʵԷұ֤Ǻĵͥҿ壬Բ鷳
Դϣʮ㡣
òǿ⶯ɵģȷֻǿѵݶѡ
ݺطԸô˻ᣬдһ
һվٷ磬Ƿ
˾һ
ط۵ʥԲΪΪһʥ
վǿѵˡ
ǿ޲ڴһʱ䣬طٲȻΪ˳Ŀһɫ
ѰҲ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
һʥ壬һ۵ˣֶԾѰɸͼ
С
Ѵ˺طһָۣ޷ѹҿˣ˳˴۵ʢᡣ
˻
һѡδ̫ţ
ԺطԣѴ˻ֱһĪ裬ɫ
оԼ

ڴʱѺȻӰٿȻʧԭأҰУֻܿһͷ׵磬һš
һ̣طǰһưһУ
䣡
һưɫΪһĿӡɢĺ
طͫһȫӲ
һ̣˾͵ɳȥʮյ䣬пѪնײݣعѡ
ɫ䡣
ҫһɶս۹ⶾһۿطǱһֲ׼£ش죡
⣬ѰҲһԤУɱطֻһжס
ӡ֤Ѱƶϡ
ڶУطȫԸĵֿɱ˶棬ͷ鴤
ȫǺм֮
Уһ̤˺طԴϡ
ˣȫš
ȻǸ۵һˣɫޱȣз޷ƽ
طһ֮εǿ
ںͿѵĶԾУȫѹ
ػɣԸ⣬żֻ跢ܵеط
˿̣ŲźطԴӰĿѣʶʥķǺ֮أ
һ֮صĵ湻İֽɫͱˣöۡ
䵭мŰķΧ𣬾һѰѷĵӣÿͷ


1938 
ɽ⣬һƬž
ԸݵҫɫԸһĨ
ѵǿĲ;ǲмĻнԺܲ
ɺȻѸЩһżһϵĺطͱ߷ɳȥ
˹˵ĸ𣿡
У
һվŭɫ
һ֮һ
ʡ
ŶʱǺ졣
ѶʱЦˣҡҡָ㲻ҲУΪ㲻ʸսҡ
˵⣬ʲôȻ˭ǽ£
ৣ
Ӫߣл껨ͼ˵ĿԿ˽¡
ͬʱ߳ȻôҪд裿
ɫ䣬ɣһվ˳Ŀ⡣
д裿
Ŀ޼ɵڽǴԼӰɨţܿȻܲɱϾҲǿϵһԱȴһļһɱ°ɣ
Ѱüëײû뵽ѻڴ˿£ҽìͷָ˽£
Ȼֻ֪˵ĺãôģţԺ󻹲֪ҪΪǿǳٻ
˼ɵѵݣΪ̫Ű׵ۺɲɵЩ
Щ
ȴһ䣬ֻ֪

ڳ˽һͷˮ
ֻݵЩǿߣԼǵǰһʱ䣬һǿߣٰ⣬һɱ˿һˣһȻ󲨡
Ȼ˿̿˵ģ
Ц֪
Ц
ɫñΪҲ֪ºһߵģһ˵ɾͱ۵ʢ֮ǰѹ
һϯɱ֮
ѹԡ
Ҳñ䣬ԣ粽á
˿̣鶼еޱȼ֣ͷ綷֪λǰһ
ΪһǺĵͥˣϺᣬһ̫Ű׵ۺᣬһǲǰĽɫ
ѰһֱԱԹۣһĻɱһ˿̣
ȴʱѺȻһЦƵ֮ͥǰΪһ۵ʢᣬǿµĿ⣬ȫѻڴˣڴ˱ѹɾͶˣʱǽҲΪߡ
Ǻεвˡ
µȻֻ֪ˣȴֶҲֻڴ˵ؽҰֱǿϵ档

ӰٿȻʧԭأǺԥˡ
һ̣ͳڽǰָצûɫ磬һͷ貵Ĵֶ¡
죡
ò˼飡
˶ɫ䡣
֮ǰĺطΪ۵ˣм֮ݿѹ
ʱݵߵĽ£Ŀܵסѵѹ
ϧ˺һ㣬ȫǳǩģʵƥ䡣
Ҫǣʥϣеʮţ
ϣ
ڽǰһĨɫӳһĨ⾪һն֮£һ׻⡣
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䣡
һʱеһɫӡ͸ɱ
һʱ
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һĨâէ֣Ҳ˼ҫۡ
۾еһִʹ֮С
ţĺ쳹һɫӡȻըƮ
ƺĿѣŵŵ˳ָ䣬ʺѪ
ע⵽֪ʱѾһӰ˽֮ǰһϮ°忡
Ѱ
һ
Ҳִ£
˲ð⧲֮£ѶԿˡ
ȻĿȫ۽ѰϣдԾû뵽ֽ
һ۵һ
ѿڣһ̵ӿȼյâ糱ɱ˵ƿֲޱߡ
Ŀ֮£ˣָ䱻˺һۣŭ
ѰȻĳ¹ȴöˣ
½л껨˽ԸеӡУһܳĬʲô鶼ġ
ɴʱˣԿȿֲһ㶼壡
ʲôҲʸѵң
ŭЦ
̤ǰɱ¶Ȼ£ξҪΪ˸ۣ
䣡
Ȼгࡢࡢڡס𣬝ת뵵⣬ѤöĿ֮
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Уʼı壬һͷɫȸƿɫ⣬һˢܴݻ㱦
ˣѶŭһȻҲˣ
һ
ǹ飬ޱȣѰӡ󼫺ã俴Ѱϣ۵ʢϴʣΪ޵ԡ
˭룬۵ʢỹûʼͷĴ粨
ڳ֮УΨ򶨡
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һطѰִ£ȷǿ϶ǡ
ʶѰͿѶʱֻһֿܺڴУΨ²ҡ
Ϊ̫Ǻε͵һɫԻֶñ˭
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ѣǿǿˣڴ˴󶯸ɸꣿ
һ仰쳹ؼ䣬ڤڤ֮˶ɫһ࣬Ȼη֮С
ˣһ۾ڣ
ѽŲһ٣ɫ𲻶ĬƬ̣һָѰ۵ʢϣұ㣡
һһ٣ɱС
˵գתȥ
ĿӰʧɽڣڳ˶Լͬ˿жѹͷʯ顣
ʵϣ֮ǰѴǵѹȷ̫ˣһ˶ѣŵƣ˭޷ӡ
һǺˣÿѳ˸Сұܿһɱ١
˰Ըп
ǲ֪˿̵ѰҲЩʧΪʰѵ׼û룬ȴ⡣
Ҳʧ̲סֹҲ֪ĸϼһôɨˣ粻ڣڣƫƫʱ򿪿ڡ
һЩǿ߽Դ㵣಻ѣһ˭Ҷһ𼫿Ժĵͥĵ۾﷢ɧ
겻Щ
ֹ޾仰ᴥŭһ۾
Ϊ

һϣ㹻ˡ
ѰҲֹ̲סƳһۣһôϲ֣
ѰĿ⣬һЦֵǣղſţ
Ѱֱджϳ϶ȷԼݡ
ȻǡʶѰʲô
ˣݣһֵԨһݡ
Ѱ
ͬʱɽڡ
ſѵ뿪һЩԭɽ⶯Ŀ⣬½˻ȥ
ɽڵһʯϣһӣɢ½󳨿̬
һһƺ«ƣһ˵һЩ˼



1939 Ƶ
ɽڣȪˮҶѻ
ʯϣ½󳨿ƣһִҰԡ

ħͥĴˣʥڰˣ
ͻȻ֣˿һֲҲһܹ쵽ģһȷʵֵùעһ
һϪˮǰһӽѥˣֻѾϪˮУڷһ伮
һϮ£ò㣬üͣһͷɫɫƽ
Ϳǧ壡
ǬͥĴˣʥھţ
һݵһУҲмͭݵһطҲ²ⲻȻǸϵӵܡ
һϣһӰڴ̵֦ͷޣ㷢٣࣬üӡһĽɫơ
һλðʵ޳ܣ֮С
ᣡ
ƵͥĴˣʥߣ
ĸң
ƺ«ʵ
£ĸֵ⣿
嶣ˣö
û뵽ǵȵ͵صһ֮壬Ҳӵܲ뵽ⳡ۵ʢᡭ
ͿǧпƵ˵
ֹطһЩǰмڲ۵ʢҲ̲סˣ硭֪ס
ᱨʱ𡢻Ϳǧ壬ԶһͫһС
߰ɣ۵ʢϣע벻ĺݽɫ֡
ӰʣƮȻ֦ͷɽȥ
Ǹã⣬ϲ
ı󳤽ЦһҲ뿪
ϲҲпǾŰ
Ϳǧ峤̾ȥ

âɽڡ
һɽۣ֮һɵĹϵʥׯϢ
ڣѻ۲ٴģϿŮ٣һɫǵ۾
ÿһϣĴ¡
ÿһ߳ȥǿΪ֮
Ѵӣ̫̫ĪҪЦ
һԺĵͥ߿ЦڣһϮۣͷϡ裬̡
ǿ֮ڣȴһĲķš
ӡսۣ
λϣ̬šò̫ЦѴӵȷǷâ¶֮ǰɰݵ˵һ顣
ȻЦ
ΪƵͥƽ̣һλ쳹ͨ̫ȥƽһС¡
λɿǽһʲô
ȻһŮӿڣǣӿһ߮֡
ϸÿһȻ߰ĵ۾֯ɣ
ǬͥĻۣ
һϹʱ֤Ůۣɱһսϣɱ˺պյ
ùֶΣԿϸϣȴ޷ʲôߣǿ硣
˳
һÿԵ
Цŵ٩ٵ۾ﶼЦ
һֱһƵңɲ٣ûãЩ϶ԼһҲСƭȥˡ
Ȼܿ죬ٹעѰˡ
Щ۾Ҳܽ˼Сϡ
֮ǰ̸֮ѺѰҲǱɽһ
λʮ󣬴˴۵ʢͽĻµĿ⣬Ҳڴˣô˻ᣬ۵ʢһЩˣһġ
׵̫ڣһ仰ôձð

ɽ⡣
ûеȴ̫ãԺʮ޵ǿ½롣
Ƶͥ޵֣߳ڳ˽ɽš
ɽڣԳһ磡
ͼȺɽ㣬续ϻٰ㴹䣬ϼ
ɽ֮䣬۴αȵĹϵֲһͨɽ֮䣬ߣ滨ݵ׺
УŨȪУһܾ֮ӵĹȡ
ѰԸݵҫҲʶප츣أ۽ḻ
ɵִ˵ʱһַµĸо
âɽ
֮ͥһƵ֮ͥ̾أһκ޵ʥأ
һ·ϣѰǱţ¶ʧС
Ϊһؼֱһ磬岼ĸأ£׳
գѰһ˱һСһɽϡ
ɽɸߣΡۻ룬һͥԺһѵĳ㣬ֲϡ
Ѱǿߣ˰ɽλõһͥԺС
λʮ۵ʢᣬڡ塯ٿʱǰڴڼ䣬λˣĪҪ뿪˵ء
ѰǰƵͥǿ߶һתȥ
ֱʱƲŸоɲ٣ɫӸпƵͥȣݾڵĵͳȫ
ݵһͳƽ̣ݾڣҲһλĴڡ
ԴƵͥȴһִҲҳľη֮У
Ѱ½Ҳ޲п
Ƶͥʵ̫˲ã
洦ɼһһľ޲纱Ŀ䣬ֲ˵صЩ츣أǾˣõ۾ﶼĶĻŹϵĵ֮ۼ
ŵ˵һͷ亱еĸУ˵׼֤ʥ
ҵȲ֮ͥʵǣӵеԴұɱȡ
ͼ̾
Ҳһꡣ
ͥĴΪһǿ
ƵͥһУܿһЩ
ѰԴֻһ֣׻Ҫͣľ㡢־ᣬԴҲעɲʲô򡣡
˶һ¶˼֮ɫ
ͷ˵ĲƵͥͽʱǾɸѡͿ飬ѡ֮ˣȻҲһĿܣˣŻǵĴһԵǰҫۣŻƵͥӵн֮ҵ
̸һ˸ɢȥصԼͥԺ
ţǶԣһǰδеľ۵ʢὫʮĻҲҪʱ׼

һͥԺڣѰһһ䣬ϥأʼľʼղܵʲôӰ졣
ȻƵͥ޵еĳʥ֮أŲ֪ٵĵ۾񻰡
ܻһ֮ڣ
Σ
ѰĿģ۵ʢᣡ
ģһöֶ
Ѱʶ̽УʼĲ
һöʦ֤ʥ֮ĵã㼯ܹΪ£ʥ޵СѪܡ
޵߶ԣ޷öصݣΪǣδСĴ֮·̫ɬѶ
ɶѰԣʱֱڴ֮·ǧѷ֪أϧ֮С
ԭʦֵҲΪ֮󡭡
ãѰһĵй۵֮һЩĵá


1940  
ν
伫Ҳ
ᡰ֮ʱİء
伫޼ɵ£ǽһõز
Ѱૣһ伫
޵ߣ塢ֵ;˿Ϊ
ˣľ־ǻۡܽһݵ֮ڣǵкεȿֲ
ѰڲУȻʱš
ʮ峿
ݵǰ
ڤݵ
롭
һһ쳹
ͼһƵͥ˳Զգǿߵġ
Ϊգ۵ʢͽĻ
УϥѰٿȻӣվ
ʦʮֵ֮һ컯ˡ
Ѱڱ߳˶
⣬½͡л껨ͼѾ롣
ȥɣ۳ɰܣֻҪһѧ㹻ˣ
ɫȻжֻǴ·ˣеѾɣҪѰԼıˡ
лǰһ·շ
Ѱ˽Թ
Ǵƽ̣ȴŻ֮һ·϶Ǽչˣ˷ĵء
ߣ
һƵͥڿն𣬴Ѱһ˳ԶӶȥ
֣˵˴۵ʢᣬڡؾչֻһӱ˽Իᱻ̭ԵǰǡɽԵ
·ϣ½ȻѰҺл껨ͼĽ޼϶飬ڽ롮ؾ󣬾ͻΪѣֺ֪¹ǷȤһж
ѰһûżӦ˼͡˳ɽأ
½˽ˡ
ѰɣȽؾлһжҺ¹ﶨƴǡ
½Ȼͷá
˵ʱѰѾһɽ֮ϣһƬޱȵƽ̨Ͻ䡣
డ
ͼΧƽ̨Ѿۼ˳ɰǧӰ
Уݵǿ߱ͬһƬУǿֲһƬ
ˣͥʮսݵǿߣһƬ
㶦
ѰǵִʱҲ˲Ŀ
Ǽһǽһʮǰִâɽʱÿѳ˸С
Ҳûʲôرġ
Žز¶
ΧѰչǿͥȴˣҲвĿѰϡ
ѿʥĴڣǿգȴʮǰѰˣȻСˣɻע
ҲˣѰʱŻעۡ
ߣ
ĵͥڵӪɫ𲻶һ˵ŭ
ѰԽ˹עоûӣ
Сӣ˹עζǲǺˬģȽؾұɱ㣡
䴫Լɱ
ѰɫƳһۣûᡣ
һּˡ
ܿ죬˴
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼǬͥӪһϮۣӰĿ⿴
ɫƽϲŭϴڣһΣӮ
ѰԴӡܲԸķ䣬䣬ȻΪУҲһֵصĵˡ
룬ҿԸᣬˣɱپˡ
ɫһͣһĿǻǺ͵ʱһ񰡡
ã
һҧӦ
ܿ죬ѰֿһЩϤӰ
ħͥĻ롢սաϻɲӡ
׷ѩʣһӿ죬صķ̨ϣҲʥ
սգһ鼫ѵŮӣһϮۣӰ֬ҪףžӨĹ
ϻɲӣǸ̬СУֻҪѰһµҪηģ
ǣѰؾйһ֮ԵĴڸ裬˵Ե崾ϡ
һЩϤӰҲмѰȴ֪Է֡
ӹɣܹ뵽۵ʢģעǷͬѰĽɫ
Щǿ
డˡ
һѰע⣬ֻǵĿ⿴Щǿʱȴһʶ

֪ǿչŵ嫹󣬽ŴУͷֲŲ֪硣
ѰԽǿչŵ񣬻ʮʱ䣬Ҳע˽̫顣
ҲЩǿȻʸֱӲ뵽۵ʢᣬǾעʵͬһˡ
ױˡ
أ˽г
ԭ۵һ٣˽뽫Ŀ⿴ͬһط
ԶһĨĹϼתٿһӰһϮ£ںڵ㷢£һӣƮҷ¶һŹ͡ľա
ִ˵ɫ
ױ
ƵͥĴˣʱ䣬ռʥӢ
ʸũҶˣ㻹ðͷ𣿡
ױֱֺڳڶĿĴȻ
ˣֻױûҰˡ
һʵЦ𣬽ţһսۣ̬ӳֳС
ӰǹֱӲӲӣһһȻиɽӣЦĳȻ緶
֣һ궯
ʸũ
ǬͥʥڶĻδʱΪ𣬹ھʥ֮ϣ
һʱ䣬еĿ⣬ױʸũ

֮ԱȣѰװġһҲֻ֮ڡ
ױʸũˣɶ磬֪ҫ۴ڡ
ΨһѹǷɵģֻʥһˡ
ĵأΪβ֣
ʡ
ĿⶼͥڵӪΪͥĺĴˡ
Ҽʦڸ·ϡ
һͥǿߵȻڣһ޵Ľ
ʦû˭ҲĴڣ
Ϊһ棬һưʥһİܹ
أ˿ڣߣĵļԽԽˡ
һ仰ͥǿ߽һɫȳϣ˸Ҷʦ
ڳҲһ󾪲
ܿ죬ǾͿ˵֮ˣһӰΰӣƮҷڱ
ʱ۾һʹƿһľ񽣣âҫ
˶һͷˮ˭
ֻһСͫһ
ˣ
ѰĿ⿴ʱҲһĨ죬ǿϢ֮ױʸũѶá
ԽԽˣҵ̫òˡ
һ
һƬɫħ߳һӰʤѩ˳Ⱦ
ʹϢʱȴӿֳһ˵ħͼ


1941 ؾ
֪ף
һΪ֪Ķ֣һڡħѪ֮ڵľ
֪غڡ
ӿںڰ
֪׳֣ͬܶ˶һ㶣ͷˮ
ױʸũˣԵһʱϳ֪׵ݡ
ţǵҲһ
֪ף𣬽ֲ£ȴޱȿ̵ֲ
Ƕԣ縡ư㣬ΨһִűǴ
۵ʢᣬ治֪Ͼɫ
˿̣ѰԸп
ĸ֪Уڳױʸũ֪ס֮⣬һЩǿϢ
еķֲǿС
еķֲͥʮսݵӪڡ
Ѱʶ˹עĵطͬŲСĺݽɫ
ֱȴãڳҲûġ
û˻ΪĻ᲻

һ𣬷·Ӿϴõȫնüž
ɽ壬ƣƵͥ塣
Ѱһǿ߻֮أλɽɽľ޴ƽ̨֮ϡ
ʱ֮ϣٿӿֳһӰ
ÿһӰԶߣԲɽӴֻ֮С
ǵϢڣ󣬸䣡
Ϊ׵ģȻƵͥƽ̣һͨ
ߣźĵͥľӡսۣǬͥĻۡͥġҷۡħͥġȼħۡ
λ۾ͥϣΪصĹԪ֮ͥ⣬ͥĴѵ롣
λ۾ߣʮս塢̫ŵһڿֲɳĵ۾
ħңҲͬС
һжʮλ۾ֱһ󣬼䡣
ǵ׳һĻѰһڲ۵ʢǿߣ޲𺳣
۾
ӳ죬ףѰʱ򣬸ͼǵټ֡
ɴʱȴһӿֳһڴۣ
һĻںУûз
ɴҲԿµĿֲԴ˴۵ʢǺε֮ӡ
žׯ࣬ض羲ֹ
Ƶͥƽ̫Ȼ˴۵ʢ֮󣬱׸ֻס˴۵ҵһڵ۾Բκδ鷢
¡¡쳹ÿǿͷ
˴β۵ʢǿߣһǧ˰ʮˣУݵǿİٰʮˣݵǿ߰˰һʮˣǿǿʮˡ
ǽһ롮ؾѡΡ
˵ţ̫һӡ
䣡
ѰڵǾ޴ƽ̨ϿգٿȻһ޴ŻʳԭʼãϢ
Ż֮ڣؾâɽӴ񣬱ΪõһƬδ֪֮ء
ڽؾǰÿ˽ԻЯһ顮ڽ֮֮սɱȡ
סõԽ࣬ѡγɼԽߣ
ȡ֮ˣصıɱķգǱɱ֮ǰᱻһʱ䱻ŲƳؾ
⣬˶һ
ֻҪݳ飬Ƕԣһ۵ѡξټɵʲô
Ҳԣ˴۵ʢģǵһһҫҲע飬򡭡һѡʧɾ̫ˡ
Ѱ˼
˴ؾ۵ѡΣʱƣֱʣһʱѡξͻ
̫쳹
һˣ
Ѱһǿ޲һ˭ԤеؾעһѪ֮ɱ
̫ˣ
֪˴۵ʢģһǧ˰ʮˣؾѡУȴֻһܹʤ⾺ε֮п᣿
סؾڣöõ۱öýطʹκ
ǵһһԻᱻһڵ۾ѿ۵ף˭أɱ֮
ɱ֮
֣֪˻һɫãһڴۼӣ˭Ҵأ
ʱѰҲΪǰ·ϣ½ҪԼˡ
ԣ½֪۵ѡεĻʶ翪ʼ׼
ƶϣڳһǧ˰ٶҫҲڰе޽˲֪Լ
һ̣ѰҲеѹ
κˣǱһȺһԴעҲޱȡ
ؾѡνӱһˣӵн롮ɽʸ񡣡
ŶҲɽζʲô
һһһڡ
ɽ
˴֮һһĪĻرУ˭֮ܵ˭һѷɫڡƵ֮
˭֮ܵ˭ܹӵпһͥĸ
Ǵ˴۵ʢᣬΪλᱻעԭڡ
ˣ˴۵ʢϣҲܻô۾ڴˣ
ڣǿжˡ
̫£ͼǾ޴ƽ̨֮ϵŻٿȻһɬ
ԭվƽ̨ϵѰ½͵һǧ˰ʮλǿߵӰȫһɬЮţһŻ֮ڡ
֮䣬ƽ̨Ͽտյģв۵ʢǿߣȫʧˡ
Ҳûע⵽ưʥһ˰ľûС
ˣ

ۣ֮ɵĹϵ֮ǰ
̫ЦſڵλѣؾһƬΪõġδ֪֮ء͡ɽһЩƵĵطнѡΣЩʤżô
ڶ۾Եͷ
ˣ
̧̫һ㣬Զ֮ϣٿȻֳһ޴һ㣬ڿչ
һڵ۾ԽĿ⿴ȥ
ӳֵģؾȷһص磬ԭʼϢ
УؿһɽɽˮˮԼеһǧ۵ǿӰ
⣬һѡҪܳһʱ䣬ô˻ᣬǵҲ۵һ
̫˵ţѷԸȥɽ֮ϣ°빺ţһڵ۾һһ
˵ֿ̫֪ǹɽڵһرǺ
ʳ
˵
̫̾ɽǿһƬõ۾Խ׳һδ֪׵أƶϣıעҲͬСˡ
˵ǹɽģһغ«
«ã˵һڵıƿ
˵һ긲Ĺ٣

һڵ۾ʱͬʱҲڹעؾڵĶû˭⡣
㲻˵Ѱ𣬿أ
Сߣ峺Ĵ۾һֱһ续ĻϸѰҡ
һƻɬҵӰǡ
ҵֶΣݻᱻ۾
ҴʣЦС氡ղҲôྪɾ޵ûб㿴۵ģ㾡˵ıı
Сʱˡ


1942 ϰ˽ǹ
㻹֪ôЩٺãҶƲۣ
С޲ҧԼûĸһڡ
ǿЦ⣬Ҹоǽһ֣ܲһ޶
ۼСյᶼҲٵ٩æ˺ˣ֮ǰ㿪Цġ
Сգգ۾ܸø˵˵Ѱ羿ڲ۵ʢϰɣ
ڡ
Һԥ
С峺ڵ۾һ˶һ־˵ɣģ
һζѾͷǹô˼붼Сӣ
üħԿ
۵ʢĻʱ֪ˡ
죬
ˣСѾˣСܻؾĹĻ㽵ȼѰ磬һҪȥǴ칬͡
һˡ
صġơǻһƿ𣬵ʱҪдѰ硣
˻ҴǶݺݳ鴤һ£ѾͷΪСӣʼıԼӵļҵˣ
ǡ
Ůð
ᣬٽᣬȥԺǺã

ؾ
Ѱֻһתǰһ䣬ͳһϿС
ৣ
ٿȻӳѰܣܣΣպɲ١
һѶһһɫ޹ǴĥɣӡĴͼơ

һʧζṷ֣̋
ѰûżжƬϿȸֻһˣʱǰȫġ
õԽ࣬ζҪɱԽ࣬Ҳɱˣ˱ɱҡ
Ѱ˼⣬ǵԵҲԲκˣ½л껨һһжע
ѰҲò衣
ױʸũЩˣǽһжǾһв
ãѰϡ
һӣʼƬϿж
һ˸˱Яϵ죬ˮкϿȵĲ֮ͬС
죬һƽٿȻ͡

ѰһһɬĪɭϴٿȻ伣ʧؼ䡣
ߣο˺
Ѱ֣а¾ǳգҲһɹĵط
ؾѰԣµĲǶжǿɱˡ
һˣȻǿױʸũҲᱻĿⶢϣ
Ͼܹ˴۵ʢģǾʥеĶǷ֮Ѿڴ˾ӵԲΪ˴֮ս࣬
֮䣬ٱ˴֣һж֪вǺε֮
Ѱڴ˲󣬾һʲô״ʱڱ׷ɱ޴ɶ㡣
ҪϽ»ϣܺ½ǽˣҲһ׵
ΣжԵСģ֣ɱɱɱӶݡ
˼ʱѰӰһԶȥ
ϣ̫һڵ۾ڹעؾеĶ
֮ǰǻΪԼҴ˷ͬѰصʲôϸ۲ŷ֡˴۵ʢģ֮һӵ಻˼ֶΣĸǡ
ؾ˵һʱͼһȺܷɢ̽·
ӰûɳʧӰ١
еʹ糱ˮĶ桭
Щˣɱȵǿˣһ˵á
е۾ЦŸп
֮·Ȼһʤˣ㿴˻ûһؾС
С˲ãսؾͻɱһˣõһ˭
ʶ
ƺһС
Щ۾̸Цţ̬ɡ
Ҳ˷ѰֶΣЦӵǻ飬ȸԼ׼һ·
˻һƵҷ¾ƱСӿɲֹǻ飬⣬һ˸ɽУСӵһ
˻һòٵ۾һ
ΪǽһʲôϴͳӺֻ֮һ۵һѡ
ڣħȴƶһ
òΪɽ֮ǰ˹ѵԵʰɣ
Цŵ٩
úĵͥľӡսüĿңΪ
Ȼ
⣬ҲǺĵֻͥ˵һԶţĿԴС
˵ҲǣһѰֵ̫ˣڵ̵棬Ҳڳڵ۲̫ȡ
Ļ϶϶ע⣬˵׼ͻѰʲô粨
Ͼݷһڵ۾ϣĿ޷죿
ӡսЩãоҾԿѣԼĵͥ
ɰڼħ۵ݣҲ˵ʲô
֪ħͷϲŭ޳һ쭣Ųʲô۵ʢᣬ˭ס
ΨСһĺɣΪǽһòǾѰ磿
뵽⣬Ҳʼһ
ע⵽һĻжпƣҵŮһϻ˵ã

뿪ƬϿûá
䡫
һսӼԶ
Ѱһʱת绯͸ϢȫڣϢؿȥ
ֻԶһƬѪɫҰϣһսһˣһˣ˴ʩչͨɱ
һʱɫ䣬Ժ
ЩԺݵҫǾǿߣսˡ
ؾɽ֮䣬δ֪ĻɬõһսĻٻҪԶҪС
磬ʥ֮Ļսܷɽ󺣣ݿһƬ׳ɽӣؾѺɽ͡
Ĳͬ
λҪٴˣ⸽Ǳʮǿߣٴȥ̵ֻ
սУһӴС
ʲôʮλ˶һ
˭Ҳؾж󣬻Ϊֻһսʱڲ֣˭룬ϢǱˣ

ǵʶɢиӦͲ̽
ɾڴʱ֮ǰȳĺشЦԪƣ𣡡
Уɳһյɫ˽ǹƣоҡҷٿȻͷųһѤõĻ硣
Щǿͷųʶʱһסݺݷ
ǰһڣʹƺߡ
ãر
Сʹթ
Щǿ߿һҫ֮ĴڣɴʱȴȫԥѡӶݡ
ӵ𣿡
ǺӴЦţͷɫ˽ǹƣӰ˸һն

һ֮ĳʢǣۼͽͼһ󷭹˴ؾ
ԭڴ˵һöɫҲ֮䣬ǺһץС
ûκͣ٣Цųһǿɱȥ
ͷɫ˽ǹתͷųĻ磬ճЩǿϣ޷˦ѡ
ȹرѰͫ׶һ


1943 ڳԺ
ʱǺƾһյɫ˽ǹƵĹ½ֻĸ֡
˷ָǣһжǿУҲһûѹ
ڱɱǰͱһŲƵЮؾһһ
ϧˣûܰȫ
Щźذһͣɫ΢䡣
˭
˵ʱѻһĨӰԶȥֱˡ
ڰ;Ӿͱס
һεӰǰһֻ֣ҿ㱻̭Щ
ȻѰ
ɫ𲻶û뵽벶ȸں顣
һ¶һЦݣ֪㣬нһݡ
䣡
˵꣬Ѱ̽͵𣬺ݺɱ£һԶɽͶԵޱߡ
úݵļһ
һͻʶԼݵĽɫˣɣȫ֡
ž
ɽһ˲ͱһϣľ׮һݺҽǰֱðǣʹιȥ
Ӿֵɱңͳͳ㣡
ͷȻ֪Ǵݵ۵һˣһжס
ƶϣһжֲ
Ϊϻģ
ѰǰָһһƽӳֱǺüġ

ӴУڱеһ˲˾ͱؾ̭ˡ
ϣֻɫѰһץС
죬ߣ
ס˭ɱ⣡
Ѱ뿪һƿ𣬼ԶһȺӰɱڰ㳯
Ѱͫһ
ͼʮŮʮսľѪս塢ս塢ս塭
һĻѰ㱼ʱĳʱҲɱ֪ٵǿߡ
оʮսеĺݽɫսսСս޵ȵȡ
ಣ
ѰŲգתȥ
ؾ۵ѡβŸտʼѪƴʱ
οȫɱʮˣƱػиǿ߱ԼΪʸ֮ģʱˡ
ˣ
ݵĽһղűȻ˲׷
ϣ
ʮǿڣۼѰӶݣֱӾ׷ȥûаֵ˼
ȻѰݣĴɵ
ͬױʸũȾǱ˵׷ˣڵһʱѡӶݡ
һʱ䣬жݹѤãһò˼飬׷Ѱš
;ϣżҲǿߵӰûһĻʱŵæӴܣͲҲϽ
ҲһЩݽɫһĻڰβ
̵ְ벶ȸں󡭡עؾƵƵ
ֻǣ˭Ϊ˭Ц󣬾Ҫͺˡ
ѰպڳԺһѣͱһȺ˶ϣҲһп˴۵ѡεĲпͼҡ
䣡
ѰǣӹһƬľβɭʱɭ־εضľƿն赲ǰ·

Ѱת֮䣬Хնľ飬ľмҶ뱻촷ۡ

ͬʱ̳УһӰӶһ˳ì׺գѰ
һĻӣϢԨʱٶ֮죬ֱﵽ˵ĵز
Ȼݷڴ˵أãѰĳ֣ԥȡж
󷽣ʮǿڷ׷졣
ǰɱһ֣ѰüһĨɱһ
ܣ͵ǰһ߬סһ˴սìָ
飡
սìֱӱѰУݺһɨǻӾͱݺҷɳȥ
ৣ
Ѱ̧һһսì޿ƥе֮ƣǻӡ
ã
Ӵ󺧣ܣսìɱǿֲϢȫǡ
һŲƲЮŻʧȻͷҲ̭֡
ֻǰһĴ㵺Ͳʣš
Լˣ
Ǽһֻ۵һ˶ѣΪս˿ֲ
ң㵹ù
Ѱ̧ץסٶȳǰȥ
ʲôѦһͱ̭ˣ
Ѧϣԡ򡯵һ˿ãܾ㱻̭ˡ
ǵ͹һս
׷Ѱʮǿߣһɫ䣬׷ϵӰû
ѰʶѦϣʶ
ЩǿУѦҲһ
˭룬һ֮¾Ͱˡ
Ҫ׷𣿡

һ·׷ע⣬һչֳ˿£Ҿãá
˳
ˣɣؾУԻһֻһ֮һȴȿֲս֮ǰ˭ţ
ֵӱѰ
Щǿ߱˴ţջǷ׷
ôһֲɣ
磬Цų
֮ǰһĻĻԱЩ۾￴۵ף䵱ѰѦһĻʱҲһ˿ɫ
겻ԹŻˣǿˡ
ҲԣֳܹǰĶҲעһɱȡ
ٲǱ׷ɱһ·
ĵͥľӡս۵Ȼ
âһȴЦ˵׷ɱλؾУױŮѡ񵥶жأǿһ׷ɱ
ΪΣΪв̫󣬵֣ĻؾУ˭Ķ֣
Ƶͥƽ̫һЦױƵͥĴˣȷڷ
ֹױʸũᡢӦǧʥǰʮľֻҪǶһ֣ƱػᱻϣΧ
Ͼǵв̫ˡ
˵һı֣Եòˡ
˵
ڶ۾㿴ˣħǶһмӣ˶ɣһ᲻ħʲôԨԴ
ѡο飬ǲп޷󡣡
һƬɽУѰȷ׷ٺһɽͣٽŲЩĽµİΣ
ղžһĻĻڼʱڷѰɣһЩ˾סֻԽԽĶ֡
µǣ¾Ӷݵ·ϣҲܻᱻͻȻ͵Ϯ
У뾡ҵ¹򣬹¼ҹ˵ֻҲԼһΧ
Ѱһٴչж
תǰС
һ·ϣҲǿߣɼǽУˣʮˡ
ѰûֱƿʵҲڲԷȻ뿪
ǰУһ
Ѱһʯϣ̽ǰ·ʱȻͫһӰԲ˼ٶٿȻڿա
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ǿʯըһƥĽ


1944 ɱ
ৣ
ƴ貣ԼǳڣֱǺϡ
ڸ߿յѰһǿĽ
ŵ˵Ȼ۵ϣѰĸǿܹʩչ˾һ
޿ɣֵһݲӣ
ͼѰָһһĨҫ۵̫ɱ£ͶԷײһ
䣡
ңмĽɽꡣ
ס
ԴȵУһӰֶ磬罣Ϣһɽٳ֮
ԶԶһ۾дʹĸо
ݽһ
еѰâˡ

ѰҲһʱϳԷݣü
ԷĹ̥֮ǿڴ˴۵ʼ֮ǰġױʸũ˷С
˺֪һǿԣʵɲĿֲɫ
ֻѰȴû뵽ڴ˿Է
˼ܵסǱѾõһһҲǸĶ֡
𴽽һĨͻȡ
ٽһ̱һ࣬뿪
˵ʱ΢΢һЦâ̽һץ
ˣ
һɫ۶գҫۻͻͣն֮ѿƳܲס˽֮
޵֮棬ڴ衣
һӣȥ
ɫӿնһ磬ᴩ¡
һ˲Ѱ¶֮ɫĽԲ嫣һһʵ̺ż侫ĵ֮
ѰûָٿȻ
ৣ
ָ⸡һĨâѤõҲһɲǣضֻʣһĨ⣡
ậ֮
׽츳ͨһ֮ɾȻ׼һؾѱܿ
飡
һ쳹ɫըͷ׵ɫڱ飬
ת˲棬촷ۣ
𣿡
Ѱûмָ֣ͨȻڡ
ƺ⣬û뵽һ۵һˣȴܵסԼ
˼ǿУҲö֮һ뿪ˡ
ѰƳһֱۣȥ
ȷûдͶԷɱΪҲûаڶʱھͽԷ
㣬´ʱһٳһ㻹ܵס˴ؾУұ㲻ٶ֡

Ǿ͵´˵
ѰͷҲûء
ۼѰӰʧԶջĿ⣬˼⣬˵ս붼ʥǰʮ֮Сǲ֪ؾز¶ĺݽɫжˡ
˼ʱӰһҲʧԭء

ӣʮս塮ս塯ĺᣬǰӵʥǰĵ̡
磬Ƶͥƽ̫쿪ڣԭƵͥΪȴһϹѣ˵һڶһԶҪʥڡ
ʥƵ̫ͥһڣʱ۾¶ɫ

ӵȷ˲ð
һܵס֮ͬ򵥡
ҵȻڡ
һЦû˷ΪղѰסһһĻͬ۵ס
ŸտʼĽɫҲƴſɣʱԽãһѡξԽʡ
д
ɳʼ𣬵ȵܿ¾ʥУҫ۵Щɫ
ҿɺڴĵı֡
֪Ҳ
ҶһЩȤһҵСһǿһЩС
ԣþϲѡΣ˸Ȥ

ʱؾ˼ҡѹ֡ŵķΧ
ÿһ򣬼ʱʱ̶̿һһɱΧżҲ·һһս
˭ʩչѹ׵ֶΣȫԸ
ʵĴСŭԼ̭ʱľ˻𡭡ؾͬطš
ܹ뵽˴۵ģɶһһľǾʥе̳֮
ÿ˽Լ츳ɱﵣɱʱݵսҲԵòޱȡ
һЩԭ˿õľΧܣ̭
ҲһЩƲۣԵĽɫ򱬷չϮ
ϮվֻǼ
˵Ӱ
ʢ֮ʿʸũױᡢͿǧЩʥǰʮľԱֵüۡ
¶һ˱ΧܰȻѣ
ﾺɱУѰı̸֣ϾޣҲ̸ʽ
һֱСĽǰУѰµ䡣
һ·ϣĿ˲֪Ѫɱûвϡ
ǲȥǺԺ±̭ˣעһ޷صź
ο˴۵Ÿտʼսڶ࣬Խ̭֮˾Խ٣ܻߵģʵҲעԽԽֲ
ͬģģÿжд
Ѱԣͬǻᣬʱ̭һ֣ܶö
䡫
ǰеѰȻһ춯ص
ɱ
ҹģС
УѼƵ飬֣ԭƵУԶԶܿɺֹܿüͷһԨĺжһĨ⡣
Ϣأ˹ȥ
ǰһƬߵԭҰһսбΧˡ
УΪ׵һϮۣڻҝϢԵȻͣ
ߵˣѰûмİףŮϢԹɬ׺֮
ʶչֶεѰһ۾жϳߵˣȻҲչڣ
вɻô۾ѵͿԺڰ磿
Ϊλúڰ˶뵽˴۵
УвΪ֪
͵˼ɱʱѰвӿһĨ⡣
ˣȻ˳͹ɽУ۵ǰʮǿߣѰһǰμ۵ʢᡣ
½˵͡˳ɽѽˣһж
ڣȴܵ͵Χ
Ͳ룬Ѱ֪˳˱Ϳˣ
޵ߣѰᣬ˳ɽбϾһݣн㱻͵˿ӵǾ̫˷ŭˡ
¡
սУ˳͹ɽбΧѹƵ̧ͷԵޱȳǸۡ
͸֣Ȼվڳ⣬
һÿһսޱǿᣬһΧѹȵ˳ʱбĿܡ
λĪҪ翹ˣ۵ѡΣҲɱǣǱȻҲᱻɱˣ罫ǵ͸ҡ
⣬ɫĮ
۵ݲ˴۵ɴûаԼݵǿ߿


1945 ˺
˳͹ɽнԸоԼˡ
ͣΧǵˣǿǸе
ޱȵĻŭ۾ˣȫ׷
ɶ񣡡
ƴˣ
ڴʱ
ͣǲҪһؼ
ͺΧ˶̧ۣһȻӰŲն
˳˽һ¶֮ɫ֣
ݾҪ̭ʱȻ˴ǼֱһĨƿڰĹ⣬ǾŭһĨϣеǰδеĿϲͼ
Ǽס
ͳʼһͻָ侲ɫᡣ
ӰһڣһԵħѰɱȥ
ৣ
ͫڣӳֻĿڡסࡢ⣬Īġ߱ͼ
УֳһѪϢݺݱ̢
ǰΪ֮ʹߣԸ۵ϣȴҰѰϣ֮Ϊܴ衣
£ѰԼ飬³ɺ޽ӿͷһ֣ͬƴ㣬졣
ƾ㣬Ҳң
ѰЦٿȻӳʢ貣Х
ʮ꣡
ֻһΣǱΪɱİ׽ǵɱȫһ
¡
콣긲ǣն˺ѿѷ죬͵Ĺֲת˲䣬ͱ顣
Ŀ죬ȥĸ죬ֱӱһƬѵĽϣݺɳȥ
ϵ飬ϸֳһѪܵĽۣ
һͱش죡
ԭ׼Χ˳ɽеˣԻһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ȵ֮ʹߣ㲻
˳ɽж˶࣬۵ϣǶĿùͺѰ֮ļɱ
ʱˣҲûа֮ܵ죬һжס̫˼飡
㡭ǿ󣿡
¶ŭ֮ɫ޷ţŹȥã־˿ֲ
ɲ֪۵ϣѰԭûʩչս
۵ȽİڣѰΪͻƣһԾʥڣŽ֮Ҳ˿ҪԲĵز
˵սѺȫһ
Ϊ˾˳ˣѰͬûκα
۵ϣԶõ۱ҲԶĹرؾɾûȻˡ
Ѱ˵ʱӰǰ壬ɱϣңҲٸᣡ
¡
޾ϯÿһ̫ӡķ۳˽⣬鸲Ƕ
ǵȳȫԳգ
ɫ䣬תӡ
ʵͬͻƣΪӵһѩǰܵĻᣬɸղһȴ֣һ֮£ҪԶԶ
˵βκλᡣ
ȻУ޾ٿһɭƥһ󣬽ⷽ򶼷ǡһ֮
̫еһֶΡ
֮

˻ڻ˻һͷƥ߷ɡ
ı壬ҲǿֶΣ
ͼһػҰĹӰ˫֮ӿ֣һħ䣬ɲ
ֻǣڽ֮ɱ£һصĹӰĭ㱻ɱ飬Ȼɢ
и£͵˲両ֳɼǵĽۣѪٰʷ

Ŀѣɰһղ˾ͱߣ̭֡
뿪ʱ۾оǿ̹ǰĺͲʡ
գʧĵطһ䣬ʮ֮࣬ѰһץС
ѰĿ⿴͵ͬ顣
ߣ
Щʶ䵱Ŀ͵Ĳ״ʱǾһ亹һ̽ԲԼͬѡӶݡ
ն
৵һӳ
ͬʱѰӰ˸׷ɱһˡ
˳͹ɽĿܴѰֵͬʱҲɱȥ
Ƭ̺
ĸչڵǿߣ½̭֣һصҲֻа˿飬Զһӵе
ɴҲԿչڣ˵ĵλӦԶ֮ʹߡ
л
˳͹ɽǰмڣǺѰ̸жĽ飬ΣȴѰǣ֮࣬Ҳм
Ͼ֮ǰǺͽˣȴ͸һѡ
˶ԱȣܲмѰľ֮
ǽݣ໥ҲӦġ
ѰЦЦ˵ЩʲôʱȻŤͷԶ
Ҳڴʱһ
ԶطһӰƾ֣Ϊ׵һӣһϮ£ò㣬ü͡
һͷɫš
Ϳǧ壡
ǬͥĴˣʥھţ
߰ŮǬͥĺĴˣһϢǿᣬһȺƵġ
˳͹ɽɫ䣬﷢ࡣ
ŸջΪģ͵ˣϾһȺֲĽɫδҲ̫ùһЩ
ΨѰɫ
Ƶ飬˿Ƹջ֣òײŻһЩɻûüˣжɱû١
벶ȸں飬ؾмֱżʣʱʱ̶̿ݡ
ֻΣǱԼײˡ
˭뵽һ۵һˣӵǿսƵͥɽ⣬ѱˣ̸ʲô⡣
Ϳǧʣ崺硣
һѰϣƲ֣ʵһΧ֮սһ
ĪΪԼǿѸǿ
Ѱɫ
ֻռ˶࣬޷£ҲؿԶһЩ
ͿǧЦȻƴҲõҪĴ۾ж󡣡
ѰЩ⣬ô
Ϳǧ룬˵ǸǱɻɸΪ񲯡

ѰЦˣһΪһȺǬͥǿߣͳԶԼˣ
Ϳǧ岻ΪȻ뷨һЩѵҪ룿
Ҳһ󵨵뷨֪벻
ѰЦúܲá
ϴ
Ϳǧ
һսĽǿ϶ܲס
Ѱ˵
Ϳǧ΢УҲЩ⣬һѵûпƶ䲻
Ϊţ
ߣ
˼ʱѰѴ˳͹ɽһ𣬺ԥŲնȥ
ͿǧһȻû뵽һҲʵֻǣͿǧ嶢ϣӵ
ৣ
һ̣һ׷ȥ
һ˻ּһùƤͿǧӰǣŲʱٶȾǿò˼飡
Ƥ
һޱı亱ÿһ鶼Ǽֵ˱ǵ۱ǿþڽŲʱܹչ
̶Ƭ̼ѣԶԶأͿǧѰӶݵӰ


1946 ׽
֣׷ˣ
˳ɫ䣬һǿʶϡ
âڱ
ǽ־ǣɻýָѣߣǶΪ赲ˡ
ɽҧ˵
һͿǧ壬˸еʱɲֹͿǧһˣһȺǬͥĺ
ңѾ׷⻹ô
˵ʱɽתҪȥƴȴѰһקסݺ˹
Ҿǣɲȥ
Ѱüмң͸һȫӶݡ
Ӷݣ
۴Ѱ˵˳͹ɽнһΪǣɿܻȶԴ
ãΣ浽صʱҶ˶᲻һΪȡᡣ
ԣ
˳ɫȻ
ѰˣǷһĨ޵Ц⣬Լǣ˼㹻ˣ
һ֮ǰĵƴɱҵ޷ܵģôȴˣ
ԶԶͿǧȻЦ
ưˡ
ʦ֣ʹ˶ԣȽ̭ʱǾͻ׺ǵĲж󣡡
ЩǬͥŮ¶м֮ɫ
ѰûᣬȫŲơ
һ·ϣҲһЩǿߵӰûɵڵͿǧʱɫ䣬ԶԶܿ
ƺǽһ
һ̫ùˣұΪѻǵһֵģû룬Ϳǧҵ
ҪҪ׷ȥ
޴Ϳǧһ˶ϵǼ˵ķݶ
Ѱһ··𣬼Ѱˡ
˳ľأΣΪѰǾǣ˴ѡ
ʱͿǧ׷ϵӰԽԽˣ᧿Σ
һһᣬұ֤Ϊǡ
ͿǧѱЩ䵭ٺõƢҲϲЩڤ粻飬ʶʱĶ֡
ͬʱˣ׼ֻҪ֣֮ƣһٴݿԷ
ǬͥĴ˽ͷɱһš
᣿
ڴʱǰӶݵѰȻתζλΪĳηӱܣ
Ϳǧüͷһ壬һ֣һٿȻֹѰ֮ľֻʣ²ǧɡ
ûаգΪҪһ·Ǳӣ
ͿǧһֱСѰ
ѰƵͥɽ˿ѣٵղԾѹ̭֮ͣչֳʵͿǧҲС
ʶڣͿǧڶԸѰʱһֱԵúܿƣǿߣĿܷϻһʱͶ֡
Ѱ΢Цֻͣ׽ˡ
׽
ͿǧһʶɢʮƬϿȣؾϿʤ֮
һ˲䣬Ϳǧʶʲôɫ΢䣬ȵˣ
ֻѾһ
ѰһӣƬϿΪģƬٿȻһ䣬׹ҹɽӻѪɫ糱ĵͼȻ֣ɲ
¡
ͼڣ׵罻ӿ޾ϯйʱ˻쳹ʱħѪİ
һɭ

ϵˡ
ıǶˣ
ЩǬͥĴһɫ䣬ŭ
һѣסҵȲɣϻ󣬶˽һǱӵĶ
Ϳǧһת˲侲ľǿÿ¡
䣡
޳ɣǺȻʩչֵͱƵȫ
⣬˳͹ɽнĿ࣬ǰתһĻ𺳡
֣ԭ׼к֡
벻㾹һλʦ
ʶΪһ·ѰԵ򶨣Ըеһ󼤶ϲá
ѰЦλҿ׽
ƵƵͼһصĴתӳֳ˵
ֲܻâ棬ڴƿһɱ
еͿǧˣʱѹ˷֮أԱµǡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͿǧǽԷ㣬ȫ
ò˵һ˵һһǿÿǾʥе۷֮Ѱĵƽ󣬸Ͳܽס
Ѱĵƽһ㣬ЩΪڽܹóĵƽҲԽԽǿ
ŵ˵Ӳ´һ̣ѰǵΪԼ׼һ·Դɿܻˡ
Ƭ̡

һʹļڴ쳹һǬͥ⧲֮£һӽͻȻӳĽɨУ㽫նϡ
֮ǰ˱ŲƳؾ̭֡
ţʦܣ
ɶ񡪡
˽类̼۾ˡ
Ϳǧ壬ɫɭȻֲâϫ
֮ǰºͣһַŵķɣɴʱɫϢԵɱ֮
һ·һֱСģɻû뵽һ·ǣűӸˣ
һ뵽һĻĻᱻЩ۾۵ףͷӿһԵ߷֮С

һ͸ŲʵľһǬͥ˱̭ˣ˸ңһ⽹ۣѪⶼˣԭһ£˭룬֮󣬽žһֱʺջǲұ̭֡
һĻͿǧ嶼޷ŭ羪ףһδ̫ɣʱʮ
⣬ȫٿ󷨵ѰЦˣɣ֮ǰԶ٣һ·׷ɱʱʲô
˶٣Ϳǧ壬Ҿ㣬ͱɧ̺ݻ
䣡
£Ѱһ͵ת˼ز
һʱ䣬Ǵɷڣһƿڴ
ЩǬͥ˶ˣܻŭӡ
ֻǣƾƴɱͽ֮ͣܣ׼۾ܹ֧ŵڣѾ֮ѵˡ
ɶ񣡡
ӾԲŹ㣡
ҡ
ʱһһǬͥ˱̭Ϳǧƴȣв
Ϊ˿̵ҲѸˣ̸أȴԵǱޱȡ
ƽĿ¾ڴˡ
һУҪ󣬳Ҳӵͬεĵ裬ֻȥӲ
⣬˳͹ɽѿɵˡ
һס˰ͿǧڵһǬͥǿߣ
ֱһܵ飬˼顣
ҲõǿѰĿⶼòһˣǰǿɸ֪Ѱһϵ边ֲ֮
˿̵磬ۣ̫֮ҵһڵ۾Ҳ⡰׽һĻ
һŲ̽䣬ԾͿǧ岻òǽһĶ֣ƫƫءȴһѡ
һλ۾ꡣ
һӵĵֶμ֮λǷܴпӵʦ
д
۾Ҳͷɻ£ȱ賬ĵʦÿһʦܹϳ
ΨһõĵֶΣȴһ۾ڶ޷ʲôߡ
̫ˣ


1947 ֮
۾ɶͥʮսȻһ֪˶££ʲôƴû
ڣȴ޷һ˵ĵƴУ
ɾԵúܾˡ
ǡ¹ۡţ϶ϳִС
ҺȻڡ
һ仰ȴһٴɫòȻ
¹ۣ
һδ̤۾ȴԵ֮ƳΪ۵Ĵ
Ϲʱġڵ۵սУ¹¡ɱ󡱣סʮ۾
գɱۣλ۾Աش
ʱ¹۲Žֻ׼۾Ϊ
źǣΪΪʱ̣¹˥ߣ˳͵ϮһմȾ۾ѪġɱҲ֮
һս֮¹δ˽Ϊ֮桱ƳΪ¹ۡ
һɵۣȴΪڵ֮·ӵе۾֮·Ĵ棡
ۣ֮
һֲµġɱ󡱣Ҳھš
ɱ֮ǰĴ󣬽ǵ۾롢澳֮
¹׼֮ΪµɱܹѾһԾŵ׳٣
һγ£µĸбȴɶ۾ԣһ̹ĵӡǣ޷
Ϊ¹ԸЩ۾Уٶͥʮս壡
ʶħʱһЩ۾ɫŻòȻ
һС۵ѣ¹
ǬͥĻŮۿڣƵĵ۾ü価⡣
˿̣ͿǧһǬͥ˱һסͷһơ
˶ʶȤز̸۴¡
˭ͿǧǬͥĺ֮һŮۿãΪӱ뵽ǡɽС
£Ϳǧб̭ĿܣûŮĿܺˡ
ΨЦͽоȡΪԶ٣˭ȴ˸ͷǽһӣǱõˣȻбַɡ
һ仰
Ůâһߵң⻰Ǻ⣿
üëһȻôС֮һ㲻Ļдһ
ŮŭĿԲ̫æλֻһ۵󶯸λ𡣡
ЦЦȷֵãǾ仰㲻ұ֤㵽ס
һ仰ƽȴԵʮ㣡
֪ŮۿҲһλ˸ǿյߴڣվǬͥ磬ĸҶ
Ҿ͸ң
ǼħۣЩ꣬ͥʮս壬û¹ġ
Ůջǿסŭ⣬ûмִҲҵıԣһ˲֪ϴͷ
ףСӹݣֱɱǴڣ
أһ۾ȳ˵Ҳ֮ȥ

ؾϿȴڡ
죬ѱٿݽߣҵֻһɽ𣡡
Ϳǧ徫һ񣬲ı仯
ʱ߸İˣ˱̭ÿһǬͥĺĴˣʧν
ȳȥһҪǽһÿ
ĶΪ˸ۣ
ʣµЩ˺޵ҧгݣһ̺ݻ
صȳȥˣǱԽһ¡
أһȻ쳹ѰӰͻأس˴ڡ
䣡
û£ѱӶϯԲ˼ٶɱһ׵ĸߴӡ
˭Ҳû벻Ĺؼʱ̣ѰɱҶ֮Ѹͣ
⧲֮£ӸûܵĻᣬֻӲ

ŭ֮࣬һɫ޴¡һݺҳƥĽɫҲ֮ͷŶ
һĻֱɫĴ£¸

к;޴棬˺ѶĤľ죬ԱŽ
ͼǽɫ޴ǱһΪ
Ʋֱնӣƥķâ̵ý۾ӿֲ
һжס
һǿ
ԺиոֳЩͷѱ̭֡
һϵжת˲ĻĿýӵõҲ⡣
ʦܣ
Ϳǧ峹ŭˣ裬۾졣
ѾǱ̭ĵͬ飡
Ϳǧ徹⣡
ȥ
ŭУͿǧʩչ֮һӨӨķɽܻһ
ڣǬ嫣ջͻͣ޾о쳹һʥȡ
֮򡪡Ͻ
䡫
ֻǣһѰͱֵ
ѰЦЦָ֮أ֮ǰΪס
˵ʱӰ˸һõĹӰٿһŮǰ
ָһ㡣
赭д
ŮھֵļУֱӱŲƳؾ

ڻŮӱ̭ʱ̫תӨ貣ѰںХ
һ̵ѰףϣսɲǼĻ
һһֽԱ֡
ָгͿǧ֮⣬½Ա̭
һĲ
Ϳǧ嶼Ҫˣͷɢ
һαһΧжģ˭룬һĳ֣һжˡ
ĶڵѪ
¡
Ϳǧԭ֧Ųסĵƽ󣬾ڴ˿̳׸
ѰһЦû˲Ҫ׽ıѾڽӡ
УͿǧˡ
̼Ϳǧͷ˿˻ȥ
ৣ
Ͻչ֮磬ڣնգɽǬкȻХ
ѰûӣͿǧܹλʥھţս֮ǿʢڴ˿ֵ쾡¡
¾֮ͣԱȶѷɫһأ
ң˿̵Ϳǧ弸ٲȻһƴ̬ͷųܣѰһ̾
ǿ
˼ǿ
ֻǡ
вԼ
ѰһӲӷ⣬ʢҫָۣ⣬һĽ⡣
һ˲ذΨһĨŹ
ậ֮
ͻʱһһεķậ֮Ѱδڰ׽츳ͨһʩչ
վ˳͹ɽֻССʹ˺Ѱĸоһи֪оǰããĽ뺧Ȼ
Ǻε
ţײ쳹ƬϿȶζ˺ѳѷ졣
ֲҲ֮ûƬ
̫£
һ˲һڵ۾ﶼݣʥУһѿǿ˸񣬺֮
УԭľƱס
Ůǰ㣬еڣĿת
̳ɢ
ϿȸһƬ꣬ܵԶŻ޵ļ̤عѣɽʯѣľ촷ֳۣưܲľ
УӰ
һԡѪͷɢɫ԰͸ѪʳұۼһĿĵѪ
һ࣬˳Ⱦһǰ
ǰͿǧ塣
ߡ
Ѱ



1948 ʶ
ĿһĻڵ۽¶һĨɫ
οûд֮Ϳǧ廹ƴйӲУȴˣ
֮ԱȣĽһԵøˡ
һЩ۾ĿƳһۻŮֺۣߵü䶼һĨܻ
ң¾Ʊʹһ
֣֮ף

⡭
˳͹ɽҲס
ͿǧʥھţȴǽһĶ֣
ԭһʼұ͹㣬Ҳԣ˭뵽ȵطӿֳһز¶ļһ
Ϳǧɫ粻ȷ˲ƣ̸϶ţֻ֤еƣ
ѰҲ㣬̧ǰУɫóл̣ٲã¾ûˡ
Ϳǧޱԡ
˿̵Եޱ򶨡
ֻǣѰЩؾйأöõ۱಻öýɰ
һܹѰɵֶΣڡ
ͿǧпֲޱȵĵƣƣѰϲʹ˶ֹ֡
ɾѰʱȻֹ
ͬʱһöԶ
֣αظϾɱ
һ޳Ӱ֣ʣƻãں㷢٣¶һ׵ľա
ᣡ
ʥߣƵͥĴˣһλµľŮӡ
¼ʤö
۵ѡΣ˴棬ܽиϾɱ
ѰֹɫȻ
˳͹ɽнٴУëû뵽ڴ˵ȹͷɱһλµľ
˵ĲȻҼʱϵ־ȥжʤ㣿
ӰѣڳУһķҲ֮
׿ȻгȻ֮
ͼˡ
ͿǧɫӣǱƲѣҲϲϣǰ
ԭֹѰ΢΢һЦٶǰ
жʤ㣬룬Ըһա
һ仰ʮ㣡
Ϳǧһš
ǲľʹ˰֣ƴһˡ
ããκϣȴĴš
ߣǸûҷУ
Ϳǧɫѿ
ɾڴʱѰٴֹ͵Ťͷ˳͹ɽУȵСģ
˷Ӧν죬Ѱδ£Ǿͱܵؽܡ
ֻǣȴѾһ
¡
ͼһƬɫĽӰٿһĻڵĽϬĿĹ⣬Х¡
ѵ֮ˮѹƬգҲ˳͹ɽеӰû

֣ӣ
ת˲䣬뱻̭֣ٱ̭ɽжڹѰİΣ˻
ĿһĻȴûüȥѰɫȻñ䣬һԨĺУӿɱ
Լµͬ飬ȴͻϮԼƤ²̭ѰĶӿ˵ͷŭ
ɫӰɢʱгһ½󳨿һƺӣҰԡ

ʥڰˣħͥĴˡ
ֿʵɲأղҲ˵ˣ۵ѡΣ˴ѡ
Ц⣬οֻ̭֣֮ǣɱ塣
ԴгϷʺ͵٩
˵ʱͿǧ塢ύһһ̣Ӳͬķ򣬽Ѱ
գ˲ɱޱȡ
һ׷ɱǰı࣬Ѱ͵ˣͿǧһ˳֣Ѱ׷ɱ
ɵͷͿǧȴס˲أΪһжأ˭룬½֣õþٶȷʣ
˿̣ѰǱλʥǰʮĺݽɫϣҲ֮ת
һĻҲһڵ۾Ŀ⡣
Ӵû뵽ڵ˽ƻͥСһڰнˣʲôʱ֮ͥĹϵ֮ˣ
Լ
ؾУһжܳͿǧ塢ᡢ㣬ʥǰʮľȴ˴˽ˣ̫ټˡ
Ƶͥƽ̫Ц֮飬ҵֶܹ̫ܵ࣬ˡ
ħͥȼħңпɲû˵˴һж
ӰݣݣһӥˣһϮۣǣħ
ңһʲôˣشά
Ů̲סʡ
Ų˳ۣ𣿡
ҷʡ
ۼҪִ̫æͣλֻҪƻ飬ԿɷβܣҵȿĪҪ˶˺
̫һͷ
۾ִתǬ֮ͨÿһӳ֮ûһǺģ
ͬʱؾڡ
Ϳǧ塢ᡢ˵ĵ⣬ѰĬƬ̺󣬵
ˣԺ㡣
˵գתȥ
ˣǵ滹飿
̲סЦˣһδҲ̫Լһݻˣ
ûţ
˵ʱӰһƾʧ
һ̣ĺɫҹĻ㣬¡¡ѹգѰɱ¡
ڵĽɽɬɲĵ⣬ѻһ𣬼ֱҪɱɽӣǬ
ѰҲȭ
ȭ¯¯ԨԨԲ˼ƽɱµĺɫȫû촷ۡ
䣡
նңӰô˳ɫ΢䡣
һȻһĿ£

һƬλƵ꣬ѰǰΪһī껭͵£
ɽӣ
ĵ֮򣬿Ƴʫ黭⣬ʵڰ󣬳ɱ֮
ˣ
ѰҲһȭ翵ĻŸ۳ͣͺȻ顣
д⣬ԭֻѰ£˭룬ֶζû𵽰ã
һҪٳʱѰӰﳤȥ٣׷Ѹ
˵Ϳǧûг֣״̬Ҳ֣ĿһĻʱɫҲǸ
һ֣ûסԷ
һһ¶Ķ֣һ֪֮Щز¶ҲѶá
ɫء
ԭ֮䰵нˣΪҪԿ֪סڿҪһһˡ
ɫҲࡣ
һ
һ߳Ľɫѣȴ޷սκ˲òӡ
һѾǺǣʱ϶ʹưոݡ
һǿ԰еķߺޣͿǧλãô죿
߲亦ҪᣬĨвҲĨ˵׼۶ӡ
֮ټҵټ׽֣߳


1949 Ϊڷ絲
ãټǬͥ
ͿǧԥӦˣ˴β뵽۵ʢǬͥˣʮˡ
֮ǰѰ̭İˣֻһ֡
أ
Ŀ⿴ᡣ
֮ĺֻҸΪҲΪǵ£ȥ鷳ŵʦֵܡ
ҪȥԸǽһҿ϶Ҳ
һЦûϵҺͿһټԡ
˱չж
磬ۿѰ㣬ƿͿǧ塢˵Χ£һڵ۾һ󾪲
֮ǰǶоλʥǰʮľһ֣Ѱע׶༪١
˭룬Ѱչֳս֮ǿٶȳϣ
ӣǳϵǿ󣬲⣬ѿȥױʸũᲢۡ
Ƶͥƽ̫Ȼ
˻һλĵͥƽ֮ڣѾһ˲õۡ
̫֣õˣĿӹµ֮ɱȣ
Цһơ
ǬͥĻŮۣħͥȼħüԸһĨ裬ʵҲΪԾû뵽Χ֮£Ѱ׾ﳤȥ
񣬴ӵʵѱ¶ʱǻΪеĵˡ
ȼħοؾУƺûٿԽ˵ͬ¼ҹһɺߵ󡣡
͵Цһ˱ɳ칬ΪδӲһɱǰĻƫ֮˵ĻﶼÿЦ
˵⣬磬ʵҲ˵
ڴѰı֡
ã
أŮһָؾڵһλҿһսλͬǬͥĻʸũΣ
һƬϿȣվһɱֻлʸũһڳУӢΰ
ڵ۶ͷѡ
ʸũǿ޿ɡ
֣Ĵڿʼ֮ǰͲͷ¶棬ѽؾգһֱݷһ¶ѨҪʲô
Ҳü
ģ
ͥĴˣʥһһҫǿյĴ
ڴ˴۵ʢϣȴԵޱȵ͵ڽؾһֱǱ䣬ȻûκγֵĴ㡣
Ȼ֡
ǡǱԨط׾ԣǸûʲô
˼
˵ѹ꣬ӵ̤׼۾ĿǱܣ
ʥ޵Уûжκͬ֡
ǣǲмں֮ͬˣ
ڵۣһ˭޷ӵĴֻǾʥ
ɾƾӵеĵ̺Ժĵ;ע

ؾڡ
ƿΧﳤȥѰȴκϲá
֮ǰ˳͹ɽƤ±͵Ϯ̭һŭ
ˣ㡭
Ѱظ仰
֮ǰȫƴɱͬаսͿǧ塢ѹֻǵʱľƸôƴ
ԭܼ򵥣֮ǰסͿǧ˵Ķ˲֪ע⡣
ʱһγ̵ְֳ
ţ
˼ʱѰâһʶУУǿڰ׷
һŮ
δϣѰϳԷʮս֮һս塱ǿߡ
û٣
ѰֹƶԷ١
ѣж̫ΣգһΣ
һŮ˴˶һۣӰ߳Ϊ׵һīº͵
ȻϳѰݡ
ѰǸû顣
īЦЦ֣治ٿǿǣ
Ѵ޵в
ѰһƳһۣжϳԲ֮ǰԼͿǧ˵ս
ĻǸͲԼ˵
ҡҡͷѰûᣬǰС
ٵʱˣҪҵ£Ϳʼȥ׼Ϊ˳ɽб顣
ССһ۵һѣƲԳԷƣ
أһ۵һߣ͵һ鵶ն
ৣ
һǧɵķ磬͸ɭȻĻϢйϵͼڰС
īƤһҪȥֹѾһ
ͼѰͷҲأȴһӲӽ
ۣ
ɭȻĵ׷ɣһնϣƤѪŽ
ҽУͱŲƳؾ
ѰӰʧʼգͷһۣûȥȡǵ
īӺߵŮӵһͷƤ飬ͷȻʶߵһ塣
ǰûãѰüͷٴһ塣
ʶУٶȸӦһϢǰ·ϿŲƶ
ֻһ̣Ѱס
ͼԶУӳһԼӰɣ
ֻǣѩ׾ȴմȾ˵ѪգɺĿһҲ΢΢ףϢֳҵļ
£
Ѱͫţˣ
ӣ
ѰһϤӰзϲ֮ɫظƵĳ˿ã࣬ûг¡
ȱңô˵ģ
Ѱӭȥһ£Ҳһ
˿̵Ľ£нˡˣȭӡצۡһЩطƤⶼģ׹֣
ǵ˺۵һĻֱĿģ
Ѱ͸ۺ͹ػýӿů⡣
˵֮ǰϢ˵ǬͥͿǧһ׷ɱԾ̸˭;ȴ⵽͵ϮΧ·ϡ
˵⣬԰׾ϷһĨЦ⣬ͷѰãûסңּҲԳ׷ˡ
Ỷ죬ϲ֮Ա
һΣѰؿǰĽ£ͷ

֮أȴֻҪԼ
Լǰϲú͸ˣȻûʶԼǺε֮أ
һʱ䣬ѰĶһ˵Ĳ
ڷҡʱ±׷ߣԭԸ̫ŵϷҲ쿪ʼԹԹ޻ڵس䵱̵߰Ľɫ
һ·Լǰһɡ˳ӣΪԼ裬չԼʳסУΪԼǽѣΪԼ
̫Ű׵۵ĺᣡ
Ƿ罣۳ޱȵͷ⣡
ΪԼô࣬Լû
Ѱǣ緭һĻĻ֯ԺϲõЦʱֻһ󷢶¡
ӣôˣ
̲סоѰЩǽԼĿУӿ̫ûе
ûʲô
һѰǿ԰סĵķ˫ְڽ¼ϣ£ڿʼͰˣΪڷ絲ꡣ
һһ٣һֲΥζ


1950 ħ
ڷ絲꣡
֣ý´ס峺ǵˮض
Ϊ̫ŵһľ콾һ򣬿Դ׷Ѱ࣬һУͷʼĵĽԸȫ
Խ磬Ѱһ·Ϧ飬꣬йϲá֣Ҳйί
ڣѰ˵仰ºȻо׷ѰΪ˼롭
һжֵã
ˣ
ѰȻͷһţΪвʲôί
ҡˡ
һסˮĪɣӣڷ絲֣ҶԣһӶٲˡ
Ѱ΢Ц˵ߣȴȥ
ҡ
±ѰҪðʧɻߣȴѿڶӣġ
һڣԼĶһȻоͺԼ۸ˣҵ˿ԿɽƵġ
߰ɡ
Ѱ
ԭΪ˳ɽ˵һ޴й
¶۸ģѰ޷̣
ಣ
Ѱ䣬һƸֶͽһƾնȥ
·ϣѰҲ˽⵽ΧµȺԺĵͥΪ׵ףʥʮߡ
ףҲǺĵͥĺ
ˣҲýܵش
׷ˣ
Ѱϣųûãһ˵ӰͳڼԶ·ϣһ۾ϳΪ֮ˡ
뿴Ǽһף
⡣
֮ǰһս˵赭дʵޱȣƴ类̭֡
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼΪ׵һɫۣӰӣ̤һƹŽ
ͷֳһ֮ˣһȺŮӳĵ䲻
Ӵ̫ŵϵСҵ˰֣
Ѱͽʱ׵һ¶ϷЦ⡣
һλӢۺܣԭֻ۵һ˽һС㣬òǼͶҽɣ
Цɫζ
Ǿ仰ǺĵͥϵûпĿܣοʦֵĳ𣬿ɲܲ
Ϊ׵俪ڡ
ѰףЩĵ֮ͥԶԽ³֣ΪǸԼеĿϡ
£ҿˣһҾͶԲһ·飡
Ѱ䣬ӿɱ۽ӿҪƲס
׵˽¶֮ɫͺЦһ۵һ˶ѣȴδҲ̫⡣
Ѱսжֲ
¶Բ׼ֻ֪ЩЦļһעҪùˡ
һȰһ䣬Ͻָˣˣȡ֣ز𣿡
һЦŵ٩
𡣡
ȻУѰˣ̧һ㡣
ͷһãָ۶ӿŻɬĪĿɲ⡣
ָһѹ
䣡
Ƭնݱ飬ӷ˻ȫӲӰȴѹȵһ棬űöʳѪ
գûֿܵסöƵģݺأض֮Ȼһ¡
һղӱ̭֣ǰ󣬲䣡
׵ϵЦݽ̣һ֮ǰһĻǶ벻
Ҳû뵽Ѱ˵־Ͷ֣
һ
ѰʼɫϲΨкŭɱڡ
Ҫй
һϣ
ױȡ
ͷһ۵ĻţӿֳһƾϬĽնѰ
ʮն죡
ͬʱĵͥҲȻ߶ޱȵĵʵıһһˡ
ǵһĻκξʥĲ
ֻǣѰɫȻ
ԣӭϣһܵĵɱ⣬˶ɡ
̫ʶĻꡢ֮籩֮ɽӡ
һ̣ŭ̼¯ţһԱȫת
һ̣ٱ
ɱ
ɫѰӰ貣һĨâؼ˸Ϣħ
¡
սⷽضҵԺͱ⼤ҽ֯ɢңɽʯľ촷ۡ
ۣ
ָһ˱д̴ţ˱úݺݵɳȥҽС
Ӱ׹أڰбؾ
ɱɱ
һ̣Ҳɫ䣬ʱǲʶ˶ֵսǺεȿ¡
ԭӦһΧ֮սɶԷȴһ׶ǵΧӲ˺ѿ
ʮָ
ٶвʵŭ쳹һ˱̫ܻĽɽѹѪ̭֡
˿̵ѰٲȻң¸
Ķ֣һھʥ֮ͥһĵͥĺÿһżۺĴ磬ͬеİڡ
ɴ˿̣ѰĹ֮£ȴԵúܲ
˭Ѱϣעֻһ̭
ʮָ
ɶ񡪡
ϣ
˻ĵͥˣѰԪһնɨߵķݣݺݷɳȥ
ǿڱѪǰֱðǣվӰѰٶȳɱݿ㽫һ̭֣
ƥ޵̬׵˽Ŀѣŭ˼£޷һ۵һ˵ս֮Ϳɲȫ߸ǵĹ֪
ɱ
Ѱ䲻õ֮򣬿Ͷ֮䣬ӡŵ֮İأӯƥ֮ܡ
ɱ֮£ǵȫɢ˵һǴѹѰʱʱ̿̽ܣԱܿѰĹ
ԶĿһĻĻгһ˵Ļϲ͸ж԰׵ĴǶһĨЦ⡣
֪Ϊ
Ҳͼйڰ;ͱѰأԾѹ̬֣
Ȼʥʮߵƴ޷ǣסѰĽǱѰһδѹƣѪ
У˻ŭž춯صս˷쳹š
ƬڣѪϢĿġ
Ѱƶеħһ·һ·ңп֮Ӳߣ
¡
걬Уһ˱Ѱһȭϣϵļж͵ر飬Ҳûκر̭ˡ
ˣѾŸĵͥ˱ѹߣѽʣ²ˡ
ˣѹ룡
׵˵ģѸһ־ӰëȻѰչֳսŵ
ӣ
ߣһҵȿɵС
ȥʦ־
׵ֱѡӶݣûٴˣ絾ݣ
⻹ô
ֻϧǸ֪ľŭ̼֮µѰһʼûһ



1951 ƶ
һεѰӰΪģȻɢʮ
ɽʯľ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣݳһ޴Уɢ
ʲôΪ޷ֵ
м
Щ˷Ӷݵĺĵͥˣ֮оһִֻӺ߬סݺקӶݵӰ͵һ͡
¡
ʮն籩УֲѰ֮أ绯һǿպڶ
׵ƴȴӣУɫ¶֮ɫ
Ǻεȴ
ڴʱѰӰһչһʩչ̫Ԫһնһȭű䡢ָȵȵ
ֱ׵ˣ
һʱ䣬Ƭ򶼻ң붯У̳ʢԸǬ
˱ɨУҽа
˱ȭϣɳȥ
˱鱦Ѫ
ˡ
һĻĻѪȵĻ棬ɲǼͬʱ
ϼɢ䶨
Уһص֮⣬ֻʣһˣ˽Ա̭֣
ӿ𲻿Ƶ𺳣ԽԽǿˣ
̼ö˻ǣɫҵ
ૣⲻܡһˣһ϶ˣ϶˽ط
˵ɫ͵״˻С
ѰȻô۾￴ţĳףܰȻվ
϶ˣ
״ۿ죬޷һС
һʮˣǺĵͥĴˣһںڶǰĽɫҫƥ
ڣȴһɱöжףɾȫֳɽľ档
ĶѪܽܣ
Ѱٶ˵
ৣ
ӳâһ̶̼䣬ͽ׻̭֡
ٱ̭أԷʶŭĴУףӵĶһˣ
磬ڶ۾ԺسĬˣ֮ԺĿѰһһԶ࣬ѹսжⷺһ޷ƽ

ܣ
ôϼһһţɿܻ׵֣
ҲˣоһĿ¡
һˣѹȫһںĵͥʼȫûм֮Ե̫ˣ
죬̫ŸпƵ˵µʥǿߣһҲһָĴˣؾܹ֮ȼߣע֮١
һ̣Ůۡȼħ۵Ҳƿԡ
ھԵʵǰҲòϣһʼʱǵȷǵ͹нһˣ
һƣСգ۵ѾͷһΣ
Ѱ磬Ǳϵһһ˲ǣ͵û˵
С
̲סЦ

ߣˡ
һ˺ѰŽһ뿪Ƭս
֮ǰһʱڣȺ͵ˣԴסͿǧˡ
ȻᡢͿǧΧҲоյΧȥ
ֱղһŭһ˺Ѱ䲻ˣҲеһƣ
һԤУӽտʼؾУǽĿעԼϣ
Ȼڵ죬սһ籩㣬ؾϯ
һʱ˲֪ٳԾͻȻ
˭Ҳû뵽һ۵һˣ͵˵زƾһ֮ѹͥĺĴ˵Χ
һ
ױϢʱջһȺ֣ʮЩȡ
ɿսĽɫУһˡ
һĨ

Ϳǧʦܴһ˳Ķ֡˿˵ս֮ǿȥһʥǰ֮ˡ
ʸũ˼
죬ˣ˴ؾУز¶
֪ס
Ψû뵽ȵطҲðһƾ˵ĺݽɫ
ҪһԴ֮ǳ
ʸũӰΰâӿ

ǻǰײа
ط꣬ԭڴ˴۵ʢϺѰдһѣһ¸ߵ͡
ڣջס뷨

Ķ
ĵͥĿѵ֪ʱɫһӱñޱȡ
޷ˣ۵ʢῪʼ֮ǰƵͥɽ⣬Ѱһ˵ĳ
ⱻ裡
û뵽ǣ׵һͬʦֵܣȫ˴˵Ķ֣
ѹ㣬Һĵͥ˵滹飿
ɱӿ
ͬʱͿǧչжͬʦֵܣһжչһѰж
˴鷳
½̾ɫ𲻶
ߣл껨ͼĽ޼Ͻɫ졣
ǽݣҲʶѰ۵ϵı֣ȴû뵽ѹһͷļһսǿȵز
ǬͥĵͥħͥĴˣ¶ѶԽֻģ⻹ֻ֪ģǷ˶Ͻ֣޷ȷ
½λ˵ҪҪǰȥ֧Ԯ֣
һ仰л껨˽ԳĬˣԥ
֧ԮҿȥһٲȻʸ֮ģʲôȥЩֲɫԿ
ͼԥҿá
ʱ½ֲҲһͽһж𣬿ǿɲδһȷ𸴡
ĽһοƾǵȥЩȻĺĴ˶Կȥ֧ԮһܻǶ֮꣬Ϊǡ
ҶôΪġ
½Ǿôɡ
л껨ԭҪ˵ʲôһ̾ʱû˵¡
ʱһֱĬ޼ϺȻתԶȥ
֣ȥ
½̲ס
˵һΪ˾˳ɽУŻᱻЩ˶ϣˣȥЩӦ顣
޼ͷҲأӰȥԶ
ˣ½˵ɫ粻
һֱ£ǽһǣ۱̭ʱҿǷڣ
ͼߡ
˸־ǻԼҪ
½̾˿
֪ȥһǵľֻվЩʹ졣
ͺ񡭡󣬶ʧһЩʲôһ
ֻϣֵܼ࣬󡭡
л껨Ҳһ̾
ؾڷƱ֮ʱһݲľ޴һ¶Ѩ
Ѩ⣬Ϣĵƽ
Ѩڣ̷ҩˣѰһߵϢָһжʦ
վף
ķ꣬ҲȻ
һֱ㵽۵Ǿͺˡ
Ȼ˵Ľ
ѰЦˣ䣺ͬ뷨ͬԲɲǰ취ؾûʱƣ̭㹻ǿߣ۵ɲ


1952 
һʧˡ
ʱƣֲؾеǿߣԷֱֲﶢϵĽһ˼˰㣬ûκϢ
ⲿ϶ˣѣڵߣҲҪ侾
Ϳǧ
ټһǬͥǿߣҵõ˻ʸũ֧֣ڷѰʱֻҪϢʸũͻһʱ֧Ԯ
һǲͷԣһѰؾǵ֣죬ܽƬسѰһ顣
ڡ
ߣ׷ħͥһڴˣݺһЩʥǰʮĺݽɫ
ңͿǧ壬𣬸Ѱ;Уʲô֡
Ͼǿߣ˺ƴݣǵһʱͻῪҺǶԿ
һƬԿΪ׵ĺĵͥˣҲѰѰ䣬ڣٲȻһɱѰĲݵļơ
ֺҵѲж֮£ԭһЩؾصǿߣ޲пࡣ
ЩˣǱٵֶΣϣԴ˱ܿҵɱֵ󣬸Ͷʲôϣ
ڣŸģѲѰжչõǲ֮ض˳֪˱Ϳǧ塢˳ָ̭֡
ɱĽһԼǳǰĻȴܱһؾ֮ڣɻв֮أ
ˣû˲֮أҵĽɫĿͥʮսЩ˵Ķ֣
ԹѰ̲ѡ

һƬѩ
죬һ±ߣ
ͿǧһѰʱһڱѩǵĵ±߾ʶС
һɲÿнĪһܵһ޵ΣϢ
òǽһĲ֮ذɣ
˽е
Ҳ˶ڣҪǰ俪ߣȴһס
ҪСģ
ɫء
ⲻǽһϢ
ͿǧɫҲˡ
ѵǡ
ͫһƲµʲô
ۼλʥǰʮľһ̽һٴаɫ˽Ȼ¶֮ɫ
Ҳ֮ѹɱΨķѩХš
һѾǿöһŸҳֵĵزˣ
һƽˮٿȻѩ쳹
ÿһ֣ڻص޶ȴֱģ
Ϳǧ塢ɫһ䡣
ͼǵ±УһӰ֣һͳ硣
ѩһϮۣһͷ׷κƿԣƽ֮С
ɵÿʱнȻһһϬĽݺݴһ£嶼һ㼦Ƥ
һ
γˮƽ羵ȴӿǳУ𲻶
һɲ˶ƾһָо˶ڣ׷ʱȴֻʣԼһˣеһ˵ѹֺ
ģ
һ֡
֣ȴһħ˺һϣɫ䡣
ԭ
ǸưʥһĴ棬һ½Ŀľǿߣ
Ҳʥ޵У
ΪΪʥһһѾйһܣҲٲܹλã
з࣬ԴҲû뵽һѲһжȴѳһſֲڡ
֮ǰжʱЩðʧ֣̾ߡ
һͿǧ幰
ͬʥǰʮǺȴȣȴ٣ɲͷ
˵ţҪ뿪
ȴƽҵޣȥǵ£ҷߡ
ƽһ仰ȴͿǧһ𣬽Ųס
ó
ҧ
еľˮ˵һ˵͵
Ļж֤ʲôвĴۣ
˵ţһͿǧ塢Ҳһһ
˼ˣĵƵͬʱҲԹԽ
һУжһָо
Ӵ˴۵һʼı㲻ݷؾУжǿ߻̭֣
˭ܱס
ȴĿҲûЩ˵һ⣬ǽһ˭
һݣսɲ⣬һ޷óݵ
һѰһͨġ
Ϳǧ˽Ժܿô빴Ȥ˵׼ͻǽһ֣
һ룬֣ǽһꣿ
ļ̌꣬𣺡ģ
ĪһţӲͷƤǧȷ
ŵͷ˵һȷǸҲΪҿ˼޷֣֮Ըǽһ
ɫ΢ͣͼļлɽһһ͡
߰ɣ²Ϊ
˵գӰƾʧ
Ϳǧ˱˴˶һۣԺԥתȥֱ뿪Ƭѩأظ㳤˿
ıԽԽˣʱҶΡ֮ɽС֮С
ɫӡ
˵ǰӵгΪ׼۵֮ͣһֱѹƾ磬ڵȴһᡣ
ૡ
ֹʱҲеһǰδеĽš
ϧˣľǽһȤ
Ϳǧ̾
߰ɣĲ֣ѵôˣһˣ
һǰȥ
æϡ

ͬʱϣĿһеһڵ۾ɫҲЩ
ҵѣͥĴˣڵ;ϣﵽһ
ʡ
һʱ䣬ĿⶼͥҴۡ
Ҵ΢΢һЦһĨĵԺ֮ھʥУ⺢ӿɹھͬŽ񡣡
ھͬ
Ž
Ȱ֣ٲȻΪʥһˣ
òٵ۾зҲвΪȻԴ˲ͬȴҲ޷
ΪĴӣưʥ꣬޵У
ˡ
أЦڣңٸԼҴҲᵱ˵һ˿ɱȣ˿ɼ˷Ϊ£ʥ޵Сˣ
֮ԱȣСޣЩ򡣡
ⷬһ۾Ув˵ɫֲȻ
£ʥ޵У
УֻһӵͷΡ
ֻǣԷɽɽһٵ۾ԲԸһ
ҴЩ̲סң㾹һϹʱϺȣù֣
ҹЦͷʹһԹŴȵʥ֮ڣ˭޵У˭ԲܣΨɽһ˶仰ڵǿչŵϣ˭û˵
Ҿù֣ڱġǲ統հ


1953 鱾
գ
֣۽΢
̫ʱڣ֮ҲһЩ֤Ϊۣ˵Ǻ֮ͬˡ
ǸʱǵĹâȫͬһڣǾǷɽʮŴˡ
գ
ա
̫Ȼ̾ڵ۵սƵͥ⣬ɶյ䣬̫Ҳϧѡ
꣬Ƶͥһλרű׫ʥϹۣΪۣΪ۾һ
ϧ
һڸһ£µĴ棬ȴڵ۵սˡ
ʲôϧģɽ֮Ե
Ůü価
Щ£㲻ҪˣȻ䣬ҲǵұҲֻĴڣҲףȣǷȱֻһ֤Լ޵еĻᡣ
̫۵ʢᣬĶԣһᣬλĿԴǡ

ʱţڲҡп۵УؾеʱѾȥ˰¡
춼иɱͼսݣΪΪ棬ÿ޵߽ȫ
ʱ񣬲۵һǧ˰ʮѱ̭룬ʣǿС
УԸݵǿʧأռ˱̭ǿеľ
ǿҲ˲٣ͬʱҲӿֳһҫ۵ĺݽɫ
ԾŴ֮һ򡱵ľϣһͨ쳹أҡ
ԡͿ򡱵ִ࣬Ƶ֮ǺӷһЩʥϵӺѹ¸
ƾϡս֮ʢԿƾһڵ۾ƵƵĿ
϶ԣͥʮսݵǿߣġ
˵ǿߣһ붼ǱѰ̭ʵҲõѰǡһĿ
ͬҲͿǧ塢ѵʹΪѰеЩǿߣǱС
ʶʱѹȥ£ѲѰжںҵĽš

ˡ
һɬĵƽ󲨶ڵ¶Ѩо޵Ѱ
£Ǹûطˡ
Ѱ˵վ
һʱ䣬ͽÿһ죬ͻỻһطݷǱ
ÿһǱѰͻ᲼ƽ
еĲڶѨǰϢãеĲھ붴Ѩǧ֮صĲͬϣǰԤá
ʱһ󾪶ѰĻɬǧһƽ󣬱Ѿǿ߿Ƭ
ܺɭϵķ󱣻õѰͽЩ쵹ǲδʲôա
á
µͷѳϣ˻ָɣݾɡ
߳ѨѰµĽ󣬸׼ͽһϢ뿪ȴͻȻס
һ̣ѾЦˣβǵˣһЩˣߣǹȥǼһ
ˣ
һҲ˹ȥ

һƬԭҰϣǱĵƽʱ½˽һԶԶܿ
۲죬գ½˵ԭˣһ֮һͻᱻǱƬеǿ߲
ϲǱ֮СĽǿɲóȻȥ
л껨ɿֻٸı䷽ˡ
ɶ񣡡
ͼ红ͯС¶֮ؾеľԽԽӺˡ
ɺ޵ǣΪһѲؾУһƬȫĲ֮أ
Խ˵Խ
ʵЩ죬һߵģͻᱻϣ۲ܿͻᱻ֡
кüΣǲͱ̭
ҲֽһڵؾڣѾ̭˲֪ǿߣܹģһһǿ֮ԱȣЩ˾Եѷɫ١
л껨̲סݣǿͬаͦأԸµؾڣǡҲֻеˡ
¶һĨɬ
Щһֱֺͱ̭ˡ
˭ʱƣЩɫʱбֵ̭Σգ
ôֽһ
ͼһ֪ģҸһжΨֱǬħЩĴᣬǣԼ
һЩ˻ҪǣԴвȽһ⻹ֽܲһ
ҿ֮䵽㾽ȵزһԭսĺģ
л껨üԼܰѴڱϣ
ˣ
½ϵҪ˵Щ֮ѰһɹĵطĽˣ
ԱߣһֱĬĽɫ԰ף֮ǰһսиˣֱڻָ
ͼл껨ʱ졣
ֻǣǴı䷽뿪ƬʱϤӰԶƮȻ
½˶ʱס
֣¹ôǣ
½ѿڶʵ̫ˣû뵽Ѱͽ¡
Ҳһ㶡
ͼɫ΢Ŀȴεִų⡣
Ľǳ鴤һ̾ˣǲ֪ղǵĽ̸ǷѾһһˡ
л껨ɫӡ
ʱ䣬ǰٲȻѳΪؾĿķ֮һ
ѳΪʸ֮ģֹۣ޷ıǿʵ
Ҳû뵽λ
ѰĿһɨˣЦſڣˣ޼ϲǺһжأ
û
л껨̲ס
Ѱһʲô˼
л껨ǡ˵㴦ǰʱ޼ϾѶ뿪˵Ҫȥ㡣
ЩȻ
ʲôȻΪֻһ뿪òᡭǲԮҺͽ֣޼ϲŻжɣ
л껨пɬ
ͼȻ¹£֣Ǳ֣ʱԼԹ˲ϾȥԮǣ
˶٣УǽһԼǳģǿɶۣܵ
У͸ŨŨԹ
һʱ䣬նѹ΢
Ѱһп۵ףУٿ½˵ɫȻ
еܲӴΪԼˣŻ˳ɽʱһʱоͼ¾ǵǻæҲɲ˵
ԭӦһĵ飬ǰһĻһ
Ͳ˴˶⣬ɰһйƵϣδ͹ˡ
ˣұִˡ
½ЦȰ裬֣֮ǰҵûвȡжȥ㣬ҲΪǣǲԸǲܣ⡣
ѰЦЦͷס
ף½֮䣬޶Ľ飬޷һӪˡ
æȫƾɡ
½֣ǻǸϽ뿪ɣñᣬǣǡ
ͼͷ
һ仰Ѱüͷײ塣


1954 
ͼĻкâһ˵ʲôͱѰס
߰ɡ
Ѱתȥ
¼ˣƳͼ½һۣԽ𣬱˴֮޹ϸǵصǵĶľš
˵գת׷Ѱ
½ֹճһ̾Щζ
һ۵棬ȴñ˴˹ϵѣ½ЩɣôǷ̫ˡ
ͼЦʲô޹ϸǰʱҲûκιϵֱ顣
л껨ɫȻĪŭ𣬵ͼԹҲǣ
½ĽæȰ޼Ѿ뿪ҲնϺͽһ֮Ĺϵʱڲ֮ɲֳʲôìˡ
һȥ

ͼֱ̫ɶ񣡡
׷Ѱ󣬽̲ס˵Լ
Ѱڵ޷ΪԱѣ⡣
㲻һ
Ѱ̲סЦֵʱҾƵĶԴҪôΪˮޣҪôΪΨֶ֮ǣ
οҿɸûҪ˭ңͼֺûʲô顣
˵⣬ѰȻһ££ǻȥһˡ
ΪΣ
޼ͬûʲô飬ȴѡҪңһ飬½УӦܹ޼ϵϵķȥ޼ϡ
Ѱ˵ţתߡ
á
ʹӦ

֣Ǳڴɡ
һ۵ĵͰɽǰ½һ¶֮ɫ
á
ĽӦˣȷҪʱ
л껨ͼȻû
ֻǣǴ俪һǱʱԶشһƿ
ಣ
޵ӰһѤõ⣬ԶХƺƵ
Ϊ׵ģȻǬͥͿǧ塢ħͥƵͥɲ󣬻һǿߡ
ã
½˻׹ߣ뵽ĽҰ֮أһ֧ݺǿ߶顣
ӣ
Ǻԥߡ
ֻǣڰ;ǾͱΧʵ̫󣬶ԷɶͥȴĺĴˡ
˵ˣͿǧ塢ˣǸе
ˣ
½ðһͷɫҵ
ǽһģǽһģղֻһѣͺҪ̭ˣһǸʮʮɷǣ
һ̣ͼ̲ס˻УʺԹޡ
ס
ԭû½˷Уֻ·һЩʹ㶯֣½̭
ɵͼĻʱ¶ɫֵȱ֡
Χ½ܵһǿߣеĶͣ
˵ղżһˣ
磬ͼϡ
ᡢͿǧҲһЩ죬ؾеѰѰ䣬Ͳڵˡ
Ѳ;Уǳֲļһõоһ¡
ȻˣֱҲûѰѰǽԱһӻ޴й
£ͼǴԹһ仰ǵһʱʶˣ
½ɫһ䣬æҡͷûС
ৣ
ĿУɨ½һ£ٸҶ죬·
½ɫ粻гĴܣݣҫ۵һǿ֮һ
ʥǰʮľǰȫͲˡ
ϳˣǺͽһһݵǿߡ
˺Ȼڣ½ݡ
һӣ½ɫһ䡣
ᡢͿǧ˶һۣ¶ϲɫ
ҽһҲֹ뿪ҲǵȻԼ
ɢһҰԡ
˵
Ŀⶢͼ
ͼһķߣ
ͼǧ˵
ĽȣؾеһУɶĵ۾￴۵ף֣ܽӹһ٣Ҳעǰѣ
䣡
أͿǧ֣һư
Ľԭ͸ֱӱһѹݺڵϣڱѪɫ͸
֪
Ϳǧ崽³ĸ֡
½л껨һƣľɶĿ⿴ͼֹߡ
ֻǣͼȴţҧгݵһƵƵǣۣǲʣҲ䡣
ЦʶʱΪܣǸˡ
˵ɡ
Ϳǧ̲סߴ١
һյʱǰڰһƬԭ뿪ʱͽǼһ𣬳Ϸȥȫ׷ϣ϶׷ϡ
ͼԥͳѰ
ԣ½л껨нһֽ̾ű䣬ͼǶеĺ
ѹڵصĽĿѣû£¾ǺѰֵҲϲ˱޳ܵ顣
ǳ
ΪؾдȥϺܶҪˣ
ã
ȴЦѿ˿뿪ˡ
ͼҲЦˣסЩأ
ǣ
ԱߵͿǧ¶һĨ֮ɫǲϣֻ·ˡ
ͼŭ˵Ҫ𣿡
ô㲻ߣͿǧ岻ͷ
ͼɫһһףޱȡ
ȻߣҲϣԼһ˰Ȼ뿪ò˶ãȻᱻ̭֡
ԭܼ򵥣һˣûʸǿ߶Կ

Ϳǧȡ
λҡ
ͼЩȥ½˵Ŀ⡣
߰ɣǾһͬУֱϹۣ
½ɫࡣ
л껨ֱͼ
˼أ
ϵĽ˻ȡ
ߣ
ͼһҧתߡ
Ϳ֣ƺҴȥ׷һ
˵ţѴһǿߣԶŲƶȥ
ֻʣͿǧǬͥˡ
λҪ˼ˣ۵棬̭һ֣ǶԣͶһЩɹϣ
Ϳǧɫᣬһ֣·
ߵǬͥĴˣһӲͬǰɱ⡣
ԭѾ뿪ͼڼԶƬ红ͯСϸֳ֮ɫʲôʱˣǻǽһ룬Ǳ̭
Ҳڴʱ
ͫȻһ
ͼУΧ½л껨ĽǰͻأضһĨâ
һѶУŻɬĵ⣬âһɨ
ǸգиһԲľ޴ѷ졣
ΧǰǬͥˣεǿͿ£ȴڶһɨ֮£ݺɳȥ
¡
ƬԱŽһŭĽ
ֲڲͬλϵͿǧ塢ͼ½ҰУһεӰ֪ʱѳֳС
һУ衣


1955 ĵ
ǳڳеһӰѰ
ԭ½Ϊȡú޼ϵϵȴطһĻ
һ
ͿǧͫһԾ
ղʱŴһǿ뿪ǰ׷һ˭뵽
֡
½л껨Ҳ¶֮ɫǱΪ˴ڽӣ̭֡
ͬû뵽Σֵʱ̣ѺǷֵ𣬻޵Ѱἰʱȣ
̫ˣ
Ҳм֮࣬ӿŨŨΡ
ǰЩӣ˵ѰΪʸ֮ģ׷ʱΪԱûк޼һǰԮѰ
¾֮ǰʱǵıѰǣۣҴ뿪
ڴʱѰȴǰӰ㣬ʱ֣ǻΪѣܲΣ
֣ǰҵȶԲס㣬֮飬ҵˣ뿪ĪҪٹˣ
˵Ľӵ˻ȣߣٲ߾ˣ
ߣܣ
Ϳǧ巢һХ̹֡ٷأһѳ֣
㣬Զɢȥ
㲻УȺǸС
Ѱ䡣
˵ʱӰһȻ
ңûκαһ֣ͽת
ɲǼ䣬һˣо֮п֮ɣи֮
ৣ
貵İ׽ͷŴٶ֮죬ǡƸӰŲ֮䣬޼Ѱ
һָ
ۣ
ѰһǬͥĴˣüѪü̴ۼͽУһŲ֣֮յؽ˴ؾ
ѰҲһӣѵ̫Хһϯȥ
ƴȫӲתزԸǣ⽻֯۳ʮսӡ
ÿһսӡŹĪ֮ʮصһɽ㣬ҲǷƵĵӡ
ʮǬսӡ
Ǭͥߴ֮һ׺ƥ
ֻǣ߰ĴУѰ̫֮ȴת˲ѣͼһصսӡ㱻ƺƵܼһһƣ죬ŽĿꡣ
¡
ӰĽǣ̭֡
գۼ䣬Ǭͥ½
һսѰֳǾѹ޵з緶½˽Եɴ۾㲻š
۵ϣǽʶѰķɣʱȫ޷ʹʱᲢۣ
̫ǿˣ
½˶Ѱ֪׵߸񿴵һȫʶİˡ
һ֣һҪסǵԮϾ͵ˣ
Ϳǧȡ
Ҳԥȫ
Ϊһ̹ѰսǿߣҲѰĿ¡
֪һȺˣѰһӵ˲أǺһ֣ûѰ׾ٵΧȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ʣĸǬͥ˺ͿǧһȫѰɱ߶ط
һʱ䣬Ƭ򱦹תذ
лҲһϣȥŽɱУ
½һҧɫȻĳκ͸мҪвȡ
á
л껨˼Ӧ
ɲ˳֣ͱһԼİɫӰסˡ
ǽ£ʤѩ䣬ǹսɣֿɶҸǵİȫ
һӣ½л껨ӡ
۵ԱʱǻܹѰȼһ£ڡȴæﲻˡ
Уսңɽ𵴣ľ촷ۣһƬҺͶ
ԶԶĿһĻͼɫźһҪ̭ˣ
Ѱĳ֣̼ͼľŤ
֮ǰΪ˻ϧѰȡᣬն½Ľл껨ˣ
ʱȴѰվ½ˡ
ԱȣеͼҲ̫Ҳӿһ޷ŨŨԹޡ
䣡
͵أ춯صĺ
ͼ
ԭΧѰͿǧˣ뱻ɣӰģһ
УѰӲӣҫ۾Ͷ֮䣬ݿĪܡ
Χ޷ѹΧľ淴һƿ
ţѰӰƽһһֽƵģһѹҽ̭֡
ѽʣͿǧ
һĻͼ͹ԣȭͷ߬ૣܣһǿ󣿡
֪ЩɶǬͥĴˣһЩʥϵӺ
Ѱǰȴ߹
ֹͼ½л껨Ľ⡭
ʱͿǧڿ֧š
ǰһʱ䣬ͱڴ󣬱Ѱˣʱȣ类̭֡
ڣͬĳݣ
Ϊλ
ͿǧĽƣĿѣһ˺ѰӲȫڱѹ״̬
ʩչεεȱԱѰԾѹ̬ƿõ׽⣬μ穡
ûãѿѪش
ۼ㲻½Ƕе˼ʥǰʮĺ˰
ȴһȫӣ
ס֡
أԶװıȣһȺӰ磬Ųնƺƴ
Ϊ׵ĺȻᡣ
нʣͿǧ֧ţʱһҲ¶֮ɫ
ǲŸ뿪ãͷȲҲ̶õһĻ
½ɫ䣬ˣжʮǿ֮ĺݽɫѿʼأ
սɡ
ʱԵú侲ӣսѰžԵš
Զͼ̲סЦĵԹ޷㷢ͣһһγǿ
֣̹ҡ
ѿʼеͿǧ壬˿ϲץ˻ŵϣ
ڴʱѰȻ΢Ц֪Ϊ㵽𣿡
ҵڣ
Ϳǧе˼ѵ
䣡
ڴʱѰָ̳
ậ֮
ò˼飬Ҳ˿ǰزָһâѣȴɽӡ
ͿǧʩչĵԼϵķһ֮£Ȼ顣
һâһĨµĹ⣬Ϳǧţ
ֻǣâͿǧ࣬꣬˾ƾʧԭء
̭ˣ
һλʥھţµǬͥĴˣǾ֣
ҲζţȻţҲûʸ뵽ɽС
һĻԮᶼסͫţӿ˵ķŭͺ⡣
ŭǣѰѹͿǧ壬Ǿûüȥ
еĺǣͿǧεǿһλȴ̭ˡ
֪Ϳǧս٣
һ̣¡Լ½ˣ𺳡
Ϳǧ壡
ؾһͷĴڣ⣬ڴ˴۵ӱӮòɽʸ
ƫƫأˣ


1956 ĵ
飡
磬ĿͿǧ屻Ѱ̭һĻʱŮǰİ빺Ͱϵľˮһ飬ĩƮ
ü両һĨ⣬ǿĵŭ𣬵һһС͡
һڵ۾һۣûп
ԣ˴۵棬Ϳǧ׿ݳֱ̭ķա
һʵ㹻ǿ󣬶վǬͥȻؾУҲİ֡
ܵĿܼԺԲơ
˭Ҳû뵽⻹Ƿˣһ߳ĽһǿһͿ
ԵͿǧ岻С
ԶһͿǧͬҰܡ
ؼǣһͲ˼Ǭֺͥ˲ŵͿǧ屻̭
ɺȻŮЩ޷һС
С˽һӣ
ҴЦ֪ܸĪɡ
˽ɫŹ֡
ŮòѪҧң˵ʲôͱħͥȼħȰ
Ϣŭ㿴һҲڽӣһΣûеƽˡ
ߣ
ŮȻħͥĴûܼʱԮɿܷ飿
Ҳ֪˵ЩûãоЩʹ졣
ۼȼħɫЩ䣬̾һˣҹսǡ
ֹʱ۾Ŀ⼸ؾѰϣ¶ע֮ɫ
۵ʢῪʼʵ֮伫Ķš
һǽһΪ׵Ӫս׿֮⣬УҲֻнЩ̡
ȫԺԲơ
һΪ׵ľжʮˣǬͥĺĴˣħͥĺĴˡ
ݣؾУԺߣ
£֮佫ɱųϣ߸֪Ľһָλǰ֣
˶档

ɱɱ˴ⲣ
У𷢳ĴȣŭͿǧ屻̭һĻ̼ˡ
ɱ
ЩǬͥħͥĴҲŭһɱչΧ
¡
ƬֲĵܼˮйʮƲ㡣
ֱ粻ҪǮƵģ˸ŻĹݺХض
һĻʵ̫£ʮλ䶥ľʥһ֣磬ɵƻԳ
һڵ۾һ٣ڵˣֱһһ̬ˣ
½˻ëȻ
ֻԶԶţڣܵһּϢв֪ΧеĽһָóźεȴѹ
ɱɣɱɣ
ͼЦͯӰСϾͿܡ
Ȼǽ£Ķ͵ɤۣʱѰ׼
ѰţһΧ֮ս̫ף
ѰȻԴС
ڶԷֵһ˲Ҳˡ
Ӱ˸һĨ⣬ӭϡ
ϣ
кХѪնƥĹ켣
䣡
Ѱڣ¯תԱԼֶͷš
һ̵Ԩ
һƬܼɫױֶ˸žĴ򣬾ܻһȺֵ룬졣
Ѱ¸ֳһ󤣬װβ¡һһȺƮ

кһɫսì棬Ľɫսìݺݵɡ
Ѱӿֳ̫͵ɢ
ʮ꣡
⴫̫ľһʺȺսС
¡
ҵɱײɽһ緢һʱ䣬Ƭݣذ޹⡣
˻ɱ쳹Զħ˻˵
Ƭ̶ѣѰĹƾͱѹƣΧ
һˣǶʮỹλʥǰʮľ
ȻѰԼеǰδеѹ
ҲԴ̤ʥһθеһֳв
֪ʱֿܳȭλ׼۶Կ
ɴҲԿЩͥĺĴˣһսǺεȿ¡
ŵ˵ˣҲӵп羳׼һϸߵ͵Ŀֲ̣
ԽǸеѹвѰԽ䣬µĴԨڽѡ
ģŷڵսڵȼ
ɱȫԸ˴ⲡ
𳤷ɢһڳնգݺأйᴩ£ն֮
֣һ֮ȴҵô˶ԿսʹˣҲ
̾
Ө͸ˮΣÿһˮԻ˿߰ķУͷųɱ֮
˿ΪУɽɱ
̭֣Ҳע͹ɽԵʱҪһЩкã
Ц
һȰ㻹־ܣҲͽͣ
˴ȡ
糰ڿҲ˷
£ѽѰΧѹƣΪȲʤȯֿɶжʹޱȡ
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йĻᣡ
¹ֳŲסˣǿ춯ְɣ
½л껨Ľޱȣļ١
˴ѰΪ˾ǲ䵽زǶٹ˲ʲôֻ̭ȥѰս
䣬ҲԹ޻ڣ
ӣҲʼҡһҪ˵ʲôʱ
䣡
ս͵زһɿֲޱߵⷽһеضɽҡ֮С
ͼΧеѰϣٿȻֳһƬƵĵ֮򣬻ɬ䣬Ī״
ͬʱѰҲˡ
֮ǰâԾ
ʱ̫ŴԨףһֿ죬ɵأɶᾡ컯İԵ֮
⡭
ãϢֱÿˣ
ܣ
˽һܵһ˵Ļţ˿ѰͷųϢһҪǡĿֲ֮С
磬һڵ۾ҲͫһǺεȵ֮
ϧվ޷ŵеҲϳ
¡
սУ֮򷭹ɬɲ⣬󲻿ɶɲ񷣡
Ϊ˿ɱѰĹĵǿıԱһɿֲѹ
һЩǿߵıǲʧȥƣ
һĻҲ𵴲ѣǽһⲵ
ȴѰ䣬Ȼڣûˡ
ʱһƵĵ֮ٿһļŵĴԨ
ʱһڴԨƣѹǬ쾭γͷų޾֮
续һָֻݺ˺飡
ৣ
أһѩĴɱѰȴڰ;ͱѣȻ걻ɵ丵βʣ
ɫһ䡣
Ѱ޶á


1957 ƴԨ ѹȫ
ѰǰУԨתͷųĻɬϢѹȵⷽڲҡΡ
һ̵ֲ̫
죬һ֣
𷢳ȣҲеĲͷƤ飬ţΪһѹƵˣܱ˿ɲܡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һǬħͥĴ˽ѲԾԥչȫ

ӳΪ׵罻֯ĵӡ
ܻݹޡ
зƼѤƥķкХ
ˮڣӿڵķ
С
ʥƿصĵ޲ӡŴһһɷɽƻɲ֮
ڳЩǿߣɶǾʥеĶÿһڴ֮·ϣų֮裬ƿصĵҲƷ೬ߴС
ŵ˵һˣݾڣͬг
һȫ֪ܿεȿֲ
¡
ضһƬҡ
ǵһĻԶħս֮ʥоħ
־Ҳ֮䣬ɽ鸲Ǭߵ
ֻǣһѰУ塣
䣡
ǰУԨգɬصĴ޾ѹ֮ɢ
һصľ󣬾ıкȻ
һߵĵԱѹûĥ
ʥоħ˻ԻѪ
ǡ
һĻĻĳڴԨɢݡ
޿赲
һ־Եѹ
УͬҲǴйϵĵϬսĪĴꪡսìӡƿگ¯
ͳͳڴԨĺѹ֮°ɢ
¡
֮䣬Ԩ֮أѹȫ
ѰԨףѹһзİԾ̬
ܣ
˿ֲĵ֮򣿡
ŭĴ˷˽ԺȻţһ˺ȫ
̫˼飡
֪֮ǰѰΧѹƣ̧ͷ
Ѱͷŵ֮ȴ֮תƣŤת棬һ֮ǰĲ
µǣʱ˿̣ѿʼչǿƷ
ǹķɰ
Σԭɤ۵£𺳵ˡ
½Ŀ࣬ѱ𺳵Ժհס
һˣתǬѹȺۣ
ֱһ˼漣ڴ˿̷
磬ڵ۳ĬڣĿѰתֶΣҲеޱȾޡ
Ҫǣǵͼʶȴ޷ϳѰʩչĵ֮
飡
սУܲԨǣһֻδֺݺ߬ס弡͹ը类ĥѹҪ

˷ʹྪֵ˻ȫȴ޼£ۼ˾ҪԨûһŲƲӿ֣ؾ
ţŴԨٶǿ߱ǣƣƮһھ޴ĥУѹ
ʲôʲôһһ飬ֵת˲һҽб̭
ѰɫӿɬϢԨǰУɱУ
ǵȿֲϢҪûⷽ
֪ѰԼ֮ϸѪ;
ӽǿչŵ̤ʥһ̿ʼѿٳ֮ĳΡ
ΪһԲŽδеĵ֮ЩΪݺĥ˲֪ٴΡ
ҡϣжٲݾĴ
۵ϣΣʤĦ˲֪ǿߵĵ֮
ÿһζԴĸᣬԻᱻĵ֮򣬾뺣ڡ
ֱʦһѰᶨԼҪĵ
գϹʱųơ£ʥ޵С
ѰҪģǡŽδҵΨһ
ֱĵ֮ѽֻһԲز
Ϊǰμ۵ʢǰѰ޾֮ͬĿ⿴˸ߵľ磿
ľڣƿصĴѵɱ׼۾ڣĿܻٽĿ֮ͬ˵У
Уһ֮Կλ׼۶ܵսǶʵѵڹͣ
䡫
޹⡣
һڴԨƣͨĴţûʮѹ顣
ҽС
ŭ
ļС
¡¡ļɱײУ쳹
绯
һ̵ѰǳҫĿһ
˱̭һڴԨȻ̤ʥĶزҲеС
ɱɱ
Ŀѣͷɢɫ࣬ġ
ΪΡΪҸоǰơ
ɷףзԶƵľɫ
ǰЩ죬һƬѩУģʱÿ˶âڱ׹ߵľ֮С
ԭڣϢƽģȴһεĴƣ˶ڣǰȴйԮѹֶС֮С
ʱٶȴѰᵽָо
ĲһѰĸо˾޵еоѹп޶֮緶
䣡
͵أһɾ޴ƥӿеֻӰһͣһؼԶĴԨק
ɫ䣬꣬貹Žһɵݺ𿪡
ߵһЩǿŲס񱻲׽ķɶƵģӰܿƵ׹Ԩ
ɫ䣬д˾֡ʡ
ת˲ͱ̭֡
Һƴˣ
˻Ӱȼգ̽ɱ׺գգۼɰǧΡ
ÿһǰʢ
ֻȴһ׹ԨһִϢڰʧ١
ֽű

ǿ
ֹ˶
ڴʱѰƳһ̧ۣһָ
һָڰۣãԣ磬֮աȫɡ
УһָһѿѪڣҪû
һ£ڱܰȫܡ
䣡
ԭڵУǿ߶ûüӦͱһָûʧڳС
˻
඼غݺݳ鴤ղԼûܣǺûεء

һ̣ҲʶأԥʩչԼĵ֮
ͼһƬλƵ꣬ٿһƬʫ黭ĽɽĻ
ɽӣ
У׹޵ϢʧȥʶǣΪ׸ȡᣡ
µǣľ֮ɽڣҲܵɱ٣Ŀܡ
ɽӣҲƵͥϱһ¿ú̾Ϊһ֮Ʒ࣬Ƴɿ˸ʷᡣ
ȥ
ɫׯ飬¶ķɣû֮ǰľźͳԾ
һУԴ֮ţ


1958 ˽ мˣ
ʵƮƻãɽ׳ӿ
һе֣ܹʥڡ
ʶ˿̵Եǰţһɨҡ
ֻǣɬĴԨնһڣɵ丵βʣ׳ɽӶ¡¡ϵĺи𡭡
ۣ
Ѫɷס
ʶԼΪĵк͵̣ȴһԵǰ㲻һ
ĵ֮Ľûаٿԡ
ҲľɼصĴ类һƹõбĸо
ΪΡ
Ϊһ߳ļһ֮ǿ
ǸǻͿԺܷӴ˴δ߳ˡ
ĿһĻ̫һ̾
һӲ棬ѳ׵׵ˣ
̹ﶼˡ
޷ݴ˿̵飬ߺޡŭ𺧡Ȼ⡭㷢͡
ʱĳУԭʮλǿߵݣѱֻ̭ʣ¾ˡ
ֻڳš
ΪħͥĺĴˣΪʥڰ˵ľҲ˸
Ψû뵽һ߳Ľһһһʼûκӵļһǿ˺˵ĵز
жӿڡ
ΪҪһ֣
¡
ڶҵɱڳ
ֻǣǵĶ־ѱ𺳣ʼҡÿжƲסð⣬ʼе塣
̫ǿˣ
һˣȴкȫѹȺ֮
ǰȻЩͥҫԵǰ㰵
ⲻܡܣ
Զͼʧǣɫҵ
֮ǰĿѰΧһĻʱж࿺ܺͼΪѰȻ̭֡
ڣԤеһжû˵˷ɱöмܲס̬ƣ
һУͼ޷ܣ
¹֮أĿˣ
½л껨Ľǽɫ㱣
ҡͷ
Ȼ֪Ѱݣں磬йѰҲһ֪
ֻ֪Ѱһǿ޷ţһũò۵ʦ֡
λʦ֣ȭʹһԵزؽĵ۾ѹȵý罣۶ֻܵͷ
һλʦ֣ѿֲزΪʦܵĿѰϵǿߣ
̹Сģ
أľС
ͼѰЮԨУһȭᣬȭԨ͸޾
˶Ѹ
ҲѲɷ͸вƵӿֳһĨ
ѵԼҲҪͿǧĺ󳾣̭֣Եڹɽ

أһĨĹϼתֳУһӰһϮ£ںڵ㷢һӣƮҷһžչͶ䡣
һĳһķӳ֮յشߡ
䣡
Ѱһȭգȭɢ֮£նûȻݡ
ᾪһ亹ԿƵһɲǣ̫ˣ
ʦ㣡
žԼĺŮӣۿ죬ܾȵҵ
Ҳע⵽˺Ůӣ˸۾һܡ
ױ
ƵͥĴˣһȫԴݵľ
̤ʥ⾰ʥ֮λٸһЩʱ䣬лȥߵΣ
ױʦ㣡
˽пǵĸо
ͬʱѰüëһˡ
ԨɬأĪ״Ļ磬֮ʢѹȫ
ױųѰ£ƵͥˣսһȽɽҲ٣ʱұط㵽ס
絶ˡ
˵գһĨϼŲƶȥ
ˣ
ԭΪ˾ǵˣһɵۡ
ױֹˣһᣬͲЩ˵
뿪õһһǿİ֡
Ѱû׷
ױϢڳҲܵһ˿޵в⣬Ȼȫ֣һʱҲֲʤ
֮ǽЩ֣
ûзϻѰٶչɱ
䣡
ԨɬϢɢͷš
֮ǰˣѲѰգбһӻ
Ѱкγˣ
һʱ䣬ÿһ죬ҪһǱĵطһֻƵĶء
֮ˣ޷Ϊýˣľ;ؾеɱս
ڣѻָѰĿٻ飿
ͬ˻ɵ͹ͥƣɶѰá
֪ЩҪôǬͥҪôħͥѰɶѳݻٷɽҵĵжУǬͥ
ħͥڸۻڷɽ֮ʣƳϷֺ᷽ɽӵе
£ѰĿܻŹǣ
ƵͥһֱΪƵͥ˵ᣬܱߣѰҲ̸жٲʡ
¡
ʱУ˱Ԩɣ˲̭֣˱Ѱȭͽؾ
ʣʱĽʣĶ־ױ˷Ӷݡ
ߣ
߰
һӣʲôʺͷŭȫͳͳ׵Ժֻһ뷨
ܱ̭
¾Ƕ棬Ҳؾдȥ򣬾ͽʧȥǰɽĻᣡ
ѰĿ뿪ԥչɱ
֮䣬̭ˡ
ֻǣ׼׷ʱüëȴײ壬ջǶֹ
´ټǡ
ѰһתسС
֡
Ŀһ֮ս½ˣӭÿɫޱȣӿĪ𺳺͸м
֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽Ѻǻ޵Ѱʱԥǰȡ
û뵽һ˶ѣɱͿǧ塢ɾܵһͿ
ĿѰսʱķɣǶȫ޵ֱʱл֮С
£˽ܣмˣ
λ˵ز˾»뿪
Ѱɿ
˵ʱĿңңԶ
֮ǰѴ£ȥץһˣһʱ䣬Ͼܷء

Ѱ֮սûнʱͼѲֻӴܡ
һ·ϣͯӵϾǲʡšԹ֮ɫ
Ľһ˵ǿĿܻѡȥԮĿܻΪıǣۣ
ĶڵѪкںͰգԹޡ
ǡһ˵һһò£ֱǷ
֪ˣͲýһϢй¶ǣûɱ˵ҳһͬСˣԺǰ̧ͷ
ͼ޵ҧ飬СһƬŤ
ڴʱһȻ
飬͸øӦĴۣҲã


1959 
һ仰һըף
ͼһ͵һԾͯӰȻӿֳһ޴Ƭǣͷǣɽ룬ɢĿֲϢ
ɵܻۣ֮ͼһе֡
ڿգһ޾кɽʯ֭
ߣ۵ˡ
ǴԼӰ֣޳ָһһĿĽɫ齣նɱ
ת˲䣬Ǿ޴ͷ­ն䣡
䣡
֮ɢ
ͼɫ䣬۵ϣƾһδγȡǩеߡ
ԭͼһŮӻӵжǿڿˡ
ش
¹ѻޣΪȴ׷ң
ͼС
˽֣Ҳ١
˵ţٶչɱ
ɶΪȫһˣ
ͼСŤ࣬ƵģͽӲ
ֻǽƬ̶ѣ㱻ѹÿڱѪ̱ڵϡ
ǽûº֣ѱ̭֡
¹㣬Źһұ֤Ժ󡭡
ͼģֻǲ˵꣬ͱһű½󣬳ԶŲƶȥ

һͼӼԶʱ½һԸеʹ졣
ȱļһ͵ϳͣ
ͨ
ͼ׳ȥѰǰףǱ֮
˲Щæ󣺡֣֣㿴ڴҽӪϣһΰɣ
ˡ㣿ܣ
Ľɫҧų͵ִ֣⣬ǧã򲻸ȥ֣Ѻ˵ˣֱ޳ܵؽѣ
ҡҡ
ͼɫһһף׻
ʱ޶࣬ҸһᣬԼ˶ϣҰ㣿ģؾˣյĽ޷Ǳ̭ѡ
Ѱɫ䵭Ľ˵ͼִųԼ⣬ΨڳԼϣ޷ԭ£
֣Ҫư
ͼ˻С
Ѱţһ

һ̣ͼ۾ˣ½ˣϣΪԼ飬ģһźͱĵӡ

Ѱͼ͵طһɫһ̫ҡ
ҪһݻйĵķŭԹʱͼѰһư
䣡
ƵģһѹѣǱ飬ѪзʹļС
ǵģ½˻һ£ǳһٵ³
գͼһݻû˵꣬ͱ̭֡
ҲϽ뿪
Ѱһ΢С£̧ۿ˿ܣʹ뿪С
˵Ĳһȷһǿ㹻ҵޱӵĺݽɫ
Ѱ˸뿪һԡڹУʱȴӿֳһħͼӳֳС
һϮۣ׷ѩӿںڰ
Ȼ֪ס
ߣϢ񽣰ãȣǿ
Ǽһޱȵ͵Խؾûͷ¶棬ǰһܴһЩߣҲ͸ˡ
֪˵һܳϣҲɱľ֮ղʩչģļôһĺһϸߵ͡
˶ղŲδԼļޱ¶Ǿ͡˵ˡ
ͫ΢΢һУͷΣΪǽɽʸؾУǻǲٸ˶֡
֪ЦЦпͥʮսġʸũױܡ籱顭Լǿľϡࡢ
֪ģܹҵһϸߵ͵ĺݽɫɶѾнʮˡ
ټЩδ¶ͷǵĺݽɫȽɽʱҲעįˡ
𳤳չһ棬ˣжֲȤˣɱˣһµļһɻв١
ǣҵȻǡ
֪Ц
Ȼһ£ղ䰵УƺѾһûȥ׷ɱˣ˵һһ᲻˶Ǻǣ
֪һȻҿһӦòСǼ֮οŲ𣬵Ƚ˹ɽһǿɾͲǱ̭ǰˡ
˽̸ţһ뿪Ƭս

磬ϡ
ĿѰһ֮½Ϳǧ塢˵һ֮սһڵ۾ڶЩ޷ˡ
һų뻯֮裬ڴƿؼɱ֮һӣʲô
ʡ
λǷ֣սõĴкֶΣͬ޷κζߡ
ҲĿоѰϴš
£Ӧһ֡
̫Ŀ⿴ҡ
˶ȻһʼҾͶѰмӣۿΪ˴ӣϧȥͻŮۡȼħִ
ΪѰϸ
λȷԴ˽⣬ֻǹɲö˵ʲô
룬Һ˵
һ仰һڵ۾¶˼֮ɫħҶ֪СһԸƴɴҲԿһȻܼˣ
ʼգҲû˽Ѱɵɽͷϡ
ԭڣʼվʹۣһ飬ܹܿ۾Ĳ̽
΢ʦҲ˵ֻҪôƿȵ۱Ȼǵ۾Ҳ޷۵ڡ
һֹѰѰþֶΰݣԺҶŮãǺݺʰ㲻ɡ
̸߽֮ʣǬͥĻŮۡħͥȼħɫԸһĨ֮
ͥһںĴ֣ȴѰһɱɾҰĻнԺܲζ
С
ǵݣȥһСƽϣǳΪһڵ۾еЦɡ
ףλ쿴ʥʮܣȴչֳսǵƣѲױʸũˣ
˼ЩܴҲ̺ܾˡ
ֹܣǿ籱飬Ҽǵʥչֳʵ֮ͬ
ܿ죬һڵ۾עͱؾеս
ؾ󣬿ɷֲеǿߣ޲ǵһһľʥڡ
вһЩֲѰѷɫľܡ籱飬ֳʵЩ۾Ҳе⡣
еˣǱצ̶꣬ѣһɾˡ
ܺͷ籱Ȼֽɫ
ֻཻڴˣûѰĳ֣Щ۾ͳԾࡣ
ԭڣܺͷ籱µľֵ죬Ҳ̫Ծ
ΨѰһŻǣڴ˴۵ʢ֮ǰ⵽Ĵڡ
Ҳˣչ¶âʱ˸еޱ⡣


1960 յһ
Ѱһ֮Ϳǧ塢һǿߵսҲǺܿؾд
һʱ䣬Ȼ𾪵۴˷õѰҲٲȻΪؾĿľ֮һ
˵ϢʱͬҲѰѰĺĵͥ˿ѣɫҲһò
Ƶͥɽ⣬ѰˣСˣȴܴ衣
˵׵һ˱Ѱ̭Ϣʱŭԥһںĵͥˣչ˶ѰѲ
ڣԥˡ
Ѱ£Ϳǧ屻̭ᱻߣĶӣʮ˵ݣʣ˽ûб߳֡
̫ˡ
ڿʼֹѰһӵж
գһϡ
ǸִȥѰΪѣܷǰǹɽʸͻú
һȽɽұ֤ãܣ
Ѱҧ

ͿǧʦǾ̭ˡ
ʸũڱӿһĨâ
ԭѴӦֻҪͿǧǷѰټֻҪϢһʱԮ
ɵģȴͿǧ˱̭Ϣ
һһҼסˣͿʦģʦ㱨
ʸũһеɱ⣬ֻ̭̫ˣϣܽɽʱһնͷ­ΪͿʦĥһ׾Ʊ

ؾзƱãѰŽ¡½ˣٶݷ
ľ֣ش֮
µѰܾĿͬҲƵ˷ͷ˼ϡ
ο߸ŽµˣһУҲÿǽµ˻ܲ
ѡݷǵǵľ
һѨڣѰһЩɱջ񣬹ƻʮö
һ˵Ŀ
֪˴β뵽۵ʢǿߣܹһǧ˰ٶˣѰеĿζʮڱ̭󣬳ΪѰһ˵ս
֮Իô࣬ѰǿϣԴڶ
ͿǧһϣͱѰ˰ʮ߿
Щڴ˴۵еĳɼӦѾ̫Ρ
Ѱ˼⡣
ѲȥɱᣬһʱƣؾеľֻԽԽҡ
Ϊ౩¶ϵֶΡ
֪вٵ۾ﶢؾзһУ´ۣ԰׽֣ѰǲòһЩ
½˶Ѱľ
Ѱ¾ʱ˷֣Ҳ˶Կʱ͵̣֮ǰǰ̻̲
֮ǰѰԳȥһˡ

ѰһѪսƮȻأһƴعѿһ޴Ĺ֡
һӰǣ˫ֱڸλãϢ
ɴʱһӰȴ͵۾Ȼ¶֮ɫ
ʱӰʱѿڶ֣ô㣿
޼ϣ˳ģ
Ѱü
һӰ޼ϣѰҲͨ½ڵһطѰٵ޼ϵϢ
ֻ޼ϴ˿Ϣ˥ɫףһԪģ
޼Ͽɬ֪
ԭίѰ
ԭǰЩһ뿪½˵Ķ󣬱ҪǰȥԪѰģ·;һϮش
ҲƾһϢĹжһ١
֣֪͵Ϯҵ˭
޼ϺȻѰڣԹ˵Ժڰͷ֮һĵزؽĴˣ
Ѱͫһȷ
޼ɫص֣ǷŴУҲһ޷ߣһнҵĵ֮֮Уɿܻϲزؽ紫˵Ϣ
˵⣬üͥ־ٰ۵ʢᣬȴкڰļһЩ۾ѵ𣿡
ɻѰͬҲУ̭͵ˣͬԺڰչڴˣ
޼϶ܿƶԷݣЩ۾Ŀܻῴ
УȻ޷֪顣
Ѱ˵
޼һ
ûе飬һ뿪Ƭ֣¡½֮ȥ
·ϣѰҲ˽⵽͵Ϯ޼ϵĵزؽ紫ˣĸΪ׵һšɮˣʵֲ֮
Ѱڷҡʱĵزؽ紫ڤ
޼Ϸ֮غѰ㳹ݷһľޡ
ʱһȥ
ܿ죬۵ʢῪʼѾȥһʱ䡣
һʱؾеľпͼңԸݵǿߣͥʮսķǿյԶ౻̭֡
ܹģһһǿһһ̬
һЩҫ֮ʸũױ֪סࡢϵˣչ¶ͬķâͷɣɧ
Щսĵ۾ƵƵп̾ΪЩˣҪԶǵ׿
ݷѰһʱʧ˰㣬ûϢ
Ȼģ˴۵һʼݷͲ뵽ɱС
ʱơ
һδξɱдǿˡ
ʱ򣬷ؾԵÿտٲʱһ·ŶǿߵĴ
ңڣܹµǿ޲Ǻеĺˣһˡ
¾֣һԥˣɱУԱ
һЩǿ߸ǸɴҲѰһݷֻһ۵
һУѰǻȻ
һʱѰһ˼ڵ֮ϣһǿޱȵԤУԼǷȱһѾҪˣ

һ죬Ȼһۻؾ쳹Ƶͥƽ̫֮𡪡
۵µؾУֻʣ¶һˣҲΪ˴˴۵Ļʤߡ
ʱѰֻһЮţٿȻ뿪Ƭء
ͬʱֲؾǿߣҲͬһʱ䱻ŲƳؾ
壬ɽǾ޴ƽ̨ϣѰһ˵Ӱ½ֶ
ɲǼ䣬Ǳ˴ɨӣڱϺһʤǿݡ
ѰطҲ˿սգħͥĻ롢ǬͥᡭҲֵ
ͬʱѰҲע⵽ĿԼϣԴһ΢ζƺʶһ
УҲбĵͳӡ
ѡʸũˣͺԼĵ⡣
ţ
͵أһĿʱѰһ˿ΣյϢŤͷȥ
ͼԶͥӪУһ¡ѩӣǡ
һӣγˮƽܵӳǳУס
ע⵽ѰĿ⣬ɫȻЦЦ
һ˲ѰԺȻֳһ֡
ģ


1961 ռͷһ
ģ
һưʥһĿһǿ֮϶ɧĴ
ֻѰȴû뵽Էģ㿡㣬Ƶġ
ȻֻǱ
ѰľأԲŵһΣϢ֤Ŵ˵ĵǺεɲ⡣
ڣʼ˴۵ĳɼλеһߣɻһƵĻᡣ
̫һ仰һǾ쾪ס
Ѱڵһǿߣ޲¶֮ɫ
ʲô
ؾĳɼͻܻý
֮ǰǿɸͲ֪
һʱ䣬֪¶֮ɫ֪ˣƴҲҪ
ġʸũױһھҲסͷӿһĨϧ
ҲЩˡ
һĽƵǰ
һ컯֪Ƶһδ֪֮صر
ҲΪ˴˱Ƶͥĸҵ
ƵǰǸǺεȴһ컯
̫ߵһڵ۾ҲһЩֲ֮ǰͬҲ֪нһ˵
ĻͶµĴȥȫˣ
һ۵ܾǿչŵĹעǹδеһʢ¡
̫΢΢һЦһ۵ȻƵͥǲóһЩ޵ߣǷЦƵͥСɡ
һʮ㣬˶޲Ц
һ۵ӱǿߣڷɿԼеڷԼŵʲôΡ
ڶĽһöƾϵ
̫仰˵ʱһ䶯֪Ϊ˵
ƾϵ
˵ɱǧ֮ʥ֮
ƴ˵ֹҪķѺĵرʱһֲ١
˽٣ֱ٣ԭڣƾϵ̺̫죬ʣ
ҲζţƾϵĵҲҪԵġ
˵һɣͻӿֳƮ㴫Ŀ֮
˵ãڳ׼۾ʱɵĳɹᣡ
ֻɣɶκһλʥԣ½ֻһϣȥƴοɵĳɹ᣿
ԭڣ׼۾һǵżܹżģһ
Ҳõڵ£׼ۼټ
ں磬ǿ磬ܹ̤ȾǿߣԿǷëǰĴڣ
ɴˣɿƾϵε֮
ʵϣڡʥҩϣƾϵһġ֤ۻ򵤡ԼڶġԪڵ
ֵֻҩѳ˴ţֻ̫ʱֹҲеƾϵϡ
ڣƵͥóһšƾϵΪڶĽ˭ܲ𾪣
һʱ䣬Ȼ
Щ۾ﶼ಻ѣΪԹ̫Ϊβ˵Щ飬һ׼ûС
̫Ŀɨȫ΢ЦĽһνƵͥ䱦¥ѡĻᣬȻкεƷ׵ıֻѡһ
䶯ˡ
˽Ա̫Ĵֱʾ񶯵
УƵͥġ䱦¥ر޲ƵһļƷ̫ʱϹʱعű
ϾƵ֮ͥͥһ֮ۺ˭˲֪
Ƶ
ƾϵ
䱦¥ѡ
ֳԵִջĽòǿߵĳӶࡣ
Ѱһ֪ˣΪβһЩ
̫֣㻹ǿǰ˭ɡ
̲ס
̫˵ͷҲð
ϣնһʮ
˻һĿⶼ˾ϣ˺ڷ٣һۣ·ˣˡ
Ծľһͨ쳹֮
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼ΢޿ɣܹӵҫ۵ս⾰ϵĵע֮
лǰ
Ϲ֣̬䣬ȻͶĿ⡣
̫˵ͷڶʸũնʮһ
䣡
궯ĿⶼŲڻʸũϡ
˶¶֮ɫ֪׵ˣԿЦҡͷϣ֮ǰȫᣬþͱȲʸũ;ϡ
һ뷨ǿߣ
ϧںҲˡ
лǰ
ʸũü¶һĨϲɫƾϵԺγ޷˳̤Ͼ׼۾
һһնʮö
̫ʱжʱȻ˶¶֮ɫ

һһ֮½סͿǧ塢һڿܹӵôҲ⡣
һ̫ˡ
ʱӢۣʹӳ
һʱ䣬ĿⶼѰһϣмʣĽвʣҲгӺ䡭
лǰ
ѰҲ⣬û뵽Լ󣬾ײس˵һһƵǰĻᣡ
򿪻Цǵñ˵𣬴Ȼбַɣ
Ůۡȼħ۵ɫЩ
Ѱҫ۵ս붼̭ǬħͥĴ˶õ
ɿʹˡ
Ƶͥһ󣬱ѻһ֣Ϊȿһͨɽͨ
̫˵ţֶѰʸũˣˣճʱǰ˵ؼҡ
ǡ
ѰӦ
һƵͥ˵Ľ£ڳһλʤǿ½ɢȥ
Ѱ¡½Ľл껨ˣһԵۡ
ΪһУΨӪͨ۵棬Щ޾ǿߣųɶȫû
סʱڹѵȺǣλݵһͥƽ̣һϳȣɴ˿ȴԵޱȼ
Ϊ˵˴֮أ˽ҽһ˵һ
սʮݣޱȣ
޵磬˶ü
ЦĵĿģû뵽ܾĿһ۵ʢϣѰǾ
䵱Ŀ⿴ѰʱѴһء
˽ܣ۵ʢ϶ɧѹȺۣ˭ܲ
ǰѰ򣬵һһ޶ռͷ¡ããð
½˶ЦкѰѱ̭֡
֣ϲϲ
˳ɽҲס߳ЦѰأǱ̭󣬾ͻصס
ֱ˿̣˵ѰõһʱҲеޱȾϲ
λ֮ǰвûܾǡ
ѰȴЩ
˳æҡͷҪ˵ʲôʱһԹͺıٿȻ
һ̫磬Ƚǹɽɣ
ԶͼͯӰӰ֪ʱѳ֣СϾɫԼĳޡ


1962 Ƶ
ռž
Ŀⶼͼÿ˵ɫԴ
ͼؾ壬ͬ飬ھҳɲ֣
½վɱƣգҾͽ
ͼɫһ䣬ŭңƵͥҰ
ֲƵͥˣΪβң
½˵ţҪ֣ȴס
ƽ̣ΪҪֹң
½ŭл껨ĽҲĿ⿴顣
ͼ˵ĲƵͥ
̾
нһơ
ͼЦ޿֣ҲΪθҵȥѰԭڡ
ڴʱ黰һתҴģȻ˸ʮͽԵŶԡ
һ仰½һ󶼽סЦԭǰҲһﲻ˳۰
ͼЦ̣ǰƵͥڴ˵ɱңܱӦ
ǽɹһ֮һҵȻԶ֣㡭ǣ
һӣ׼۾ĿֲͷŶһɽ֮ӡͼѹ
䣡
УͼּУѸֿըķѣѪˮƮ
˶׼۾֮һֵ쾡¡
Ѱ۽Ҳ͵һʶԭ龹һλ׼Ŀֲڣ
ȱ֮ȻǷݣҲҪʦߣΪЦ
һ۵С£ǰɽ֮ǰЩ죬ǿҪһ
˽Եͷ
أ
ѰȻʡ
ˣֺ̭ʹҴҶȥ
˳ɿ˵
Ѱһ̾һչڵĴˣɱˣպػ
Ҳڵ죬ڴ˴۵Ϣ
н𶯣ţݾҲ֮䶯ϢԸϢ磬ǿС
һ˭
ҲãĵˣԲȫ֣һĿܻᱻã
ΣԽ𣬴֮쳹ǿ£
ʱӢ۰
֪һ۵ʢᣬڿʼ֮ǰܾĿϢʱ֪εȾ˵Ĳ
һ֣Ҳ֮ɢ졣
һ֪

һ硣
՝һƵͥǰѰǰ֮ϡ
ɽۣơ
̫һǣ侲Ĭȴи֮ƣһס
Сѣؾеı֣ԱҺһЩϼһ￴۵ףܲ
Ѱ̫΢Цڡ
ǰˡ
Ѱּ񣬲ԣɲû۾ˣͨؾеء象΢ʦ֣Լۡ罣ۡ
˵۾ڣȻͲԵ̫нͽš
̫ˬʴЦɲޣǰЩӣΪһˣҺһЩϼһԣֳ˲ٷ粨ΣڱУӵеĵУѵִﵱʥе۷֮У
˶٣ˣʱѲ磬ȥƵ֮ء
̫һӣһ̣Ѱʧԭء
âɽƵͥĽء
ɽʯľԸһʵʵĴӡʱ˸ɢֲ˵Ϣ
һŽֻж߸ߵʯУ߲ϣתϢ
ۣܲҲּһʯ
ȴһ½֪֡
Ƶ
̫ʱƵͥĿʦδ֪֮зִ˱Ӵ˿ٳƵͥټҵ
УƵƵͥĸڣһӵ޷֮ܵĻر
Ѱ̫Ĵ£˱ʱЩ⣬Ϊʵ̫Ѱˡ
ԻޣرɣСѣƵĴ࣬ɴǻĿ̸
̫Ƶ˵ʵ˱ãڡϡ
꣬ʦڴ˱ǰڤ꣬ϵ⡿
ԺУеһЩͣҲ½Ӵ˱أлɬĴĶսһ㡣
˵⣬̫Ŀ⿴Ѱڲ˱ǰһҪ֮
ѰȻǰָ㡣
ڴҲǽͻԵģƵͥв֪жڴջߣȴָ
̫ɾʥһʮˣҲֻױȾˣлһЩ컯˽һ񡣡
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ˡ
̫ЦȻ㼴Ҳһ񣬱ҲһЩ֮˵Ҳ١
˵ţһָƵȥɣѵãĪҪ˷ʱ䣬ǰɽʱǰ㡱
лǰ񰮡
ѰлǰϥǶ߸ߵƵǰ
̫ӰȻʧԭء
ܿͽѰͬԵƵ֡

ѰһϢ񣬾ĸӦ
ʱš
һյʱѰü۾¶һĨɻ֮ɫ
ĸ֪УƵϢֳһƬľ󣬸޷֪κ
Ҳʶ̽Ҳн̽ͬͽͣһ
ѵ̫ǰԣһ컯Ե
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣һٶȱ۾
ˡ
ʱ仹࣬һҲ޷
һʱȥ
ʱȥ
ʱȥ
ѰϣŴβ֮£Ŵζʧܸգȫ򲻵κζ
Ѱɣ鿴۵ʯǲǴһĪĻر
һΣ
Ѱһҧ±۾
Ȼ֪ͬʱһƬĽУһ߰ڹע
ЩƵͥеϹŶǣÿһʵ
ʱһȻѾȥһʱˣӺƵԵ
һðһ˲õСޣ룬Ҳˡ
ϧˣÿʮ꣬һβƵĻᣬȴСӸ˷ˡ
ףСһǷ𣿡
Ȼһϵ
ͼƵǰѰڸⲽüͷ˼⡣
񣬶޹ؽҪƵվ˭ȥģλٹעˡ
Ҳá
ܿ죬ЩƺоȤȻʧ
ƬŻؽ˳ֻʣѰһˣԼߵһƵ
ãѰֹһƨƵԱߣ૵ǿ󲻵ãҲա
ٶ룬ʼ֮
ؾеʱһǿҵԤУ֮ƵԲزһѾҪ١
£ѰҲһԣǰɽ֮ǰܷһٽ֮ɹ


1963  һ
ⷽؼž
أѰǰд֣磬״ɬķ֯Уת
ʱΪ¯֮ϣѹŽδ֮
ʱܻΪԨûʮ
ʱһеֹڻ硣
ѰһĵУѭܻУϵõۡ
֮ƿ֮۳һһ磬ƷĲͬӵеҲһ
һԣԽ۳ĵ֮ƷԽߣӵеԽǿ
ֻǣҪһЩƷ࿰ƿĵ֮򣬳˵񣬸ҪдǺʹǻۣҪ޾Ѫơ
ˣҪ
Ѱ̤ʥڣ۳֮ĳΡ
ֱѹȥ꣬ǾʥΪɾ뽫֮Բزɻһ
ٹ죬ѽչǰɽжʱҪٵպɱעµ޷
ѰҲһѹ
֮ܽԲزڽɽʱ͵ڶһԱĵ̡
ʱˮҴš
Ѱ׳У̤ʥЩõһиĵãγȪˮӿͷ
Щжٲݾʶ̺Ĵ
򡾴̺֮ͥ
һߵĵأв֪䣬뼺С
֮ͨĴС޾ɾԵϵġŶԶɼʥɮͺڻġؼž̫۵ġ̫
ˣЩսɱѪ֮䴸ĵúᣬҲһֳͻۣеһ֡
Ǻεȸĵã޷Ӱ͸ıѰĴ֮ġ
ĵ·򷨣ȴ޿ɴ棡
ΪĵǡŽδҵΨһ֮·
ʦֿɳơ£ʥ޵СУʥ޵еĸĵá
дѰԡŽδ֪֮Ҳ̣ҲᶨԼĵ;
һеĸ֪ĵáᡭһֻ۵ĴǱܣѰͷ緢
Ų̨֮ϱ֮ľںĩ
νĪǡ
أѰȻһУʶ飬㱻ʱ֮ţ֮ڤϣҲ죬أˡ
Ψǰ磬Ī״
һɽѵϢӿ֣˸һƽɰĿֲϵ򱻴
ţ
֮٣
һ̣ݷƵͥеһЩϹŶһһ˿쳣
ÿµĽ֮٣̫ƴӲŹȽϢ
ÿʮ꣬¾ͻᷢ쳣֮١̫ĩڵʮսϹĩڵڵ۵սشĪһƽ֮٣ҲƵԤף
ֻһƽ֮٣ǲֻɣһ˿ɽǱ˴𡣡
˴ݺͣ
Ƶͥڣһֲϯ
ͬʱ
嫹ڣ֮ͥ̾أһ˲֪µϹŶ
ɵ
ˣȿֲٶȳ֣
һ飡

ף
Ƶͥ͵üͷһȻһӿſֲĴ⡣
Ŀ棬ɿ졣
ߣ̫ӡսۡŮۡȼħ۵ˣҲ޲ݣͣж
ֻǣƵͥϹŶǷֲݸеϹҵˣȥϸӦһĨɰϢͱһֻɬڱΡ
⡭
˳֣ڱν֮
þ˵ֶΣ
ǵ𣿡
콵ɣȴڱΡ˵ȹ飬بŲйһ

ÿϹԲ죬ɲ
ƽأУڴ֮еѰȻûвղʱһƽɰĽϢֵͬʱƵϣֳһ̫ʱԭʼģ
ǿ󣬻Ե
Ȱ֣һͻһĨɬȥһĨɰĽϢȫڱΡ
һԭѰĽɴ٣㱻Ϣػ⣡

һֲǶ
ֻǣ˿̵ƵѺ޶֮ǰûʲôϥƵǰѰϣҲκ쳣Ϣ֡
Ǵӡ
ҲԣһʥѣĿܴǵȿֲĽ
֮£̫Σǲ֪УǷ˴пʲôߡ
߰ɣҵҲúһԺˣ뵱ʮޣѾʣ²ǧˡ
̸УЩֲ糱ˮɢȥ
ѰͬЩһ֪
ڲУܻľҲ㣬㱡
ǰ۵ĵ֮򣬶磬Ī״ɢϢȴȻԲ֮ϣ
һһΪ֮ʼ
Ҳ֪ãѰȻһ򣬡ԪžŹһľţһҵΨһҲ
䣡
ǰĪĵ֮򷭹ɢֲϢĻû
һһ
Ѱһǻĵ֮򣬻һ¯֮״¯
ţ¯һ䣬һڴԨɲ⣬û
һ¯֮ΣݴԨ֮״ν֮һ
䣡
ŵ֮תѰһľ͵ȫӿС
ɲǼ䣬ֳ֮ǷֻΪأӿֳľ󡭡
һ׳ĺ磬쾭γǳļתǨ
ʱзƻۣʱ׵˸¸ѭľ֮

˿̵Ѱһףһ޷оȻӯţе쳹
֮硣
ա
֮ϣ

һ̣ѰƵϣٶȸֳһ̫ԭʼģ
Σһ

һƬδ֪֮
ѣһױӴӶѴк£绯ڴϷڡ
ɽԼ̵ÿ£ױӳˢҲȻ
һɽۣһۣһŮڵǰü˳ϸָ䣬һö廨룬ͷһѡ
ֻǣ廨׵һز׵磬һһָƵƤƶɡ
ÿһ£ͻӿֶһԵơ
֮٣
ŮкȻһ˿ͣжѴһ˿ɰĽ۵ס
ɺܿ죬һ˿ɽѾͱס
ܹڽϢģƺҲֻδ֪֮еĻرˣĪһƵ
Ů˼
ʦ㡣
һơľګԶ



1964 ̫ҵ
һ£ŶңڵӣһŲƶ
棡
ɽʮһˣ
һũ׾ӵĿֲڣڷҡȭɱزؽһλ۾ɮ
̫ŵ罣ǰҲֻܵͷ
ֻǣױ֮ϵɽۣ֮ڵǰͷµŮʱȴԵޱȾн
ʦܣôˣ
Ůü˳Ҳ紺档
ʵʵشʦ㣬ʦҸӸš

ŮӴһ˿Ц⣬Ҳ¿϶ˣӣģɶԣ
ΣͷʵҲܾûʦˣ㡣
Ů̲סЦˣʮһʦܣǺһľګʵ
ʵʲôţ
ɿ촫˵һ
ŮӳĬƬ̣Ȼˣô˵Ҫһ𣿡
̧ͷѴˮзһ˿ȻˣǾ΢ʦܹͬľұȥһ⡣
湪Ҳֻʦ棬Ųݳʲôˡ
Եȡ
Ů޳ָ䣬һö廨ɿ촩󣬻ûһʵʰĴۼ
廨ϴ£һƵ׵˿һư㣬һŷƵƤϡ
һ̾ŶûʦĵСɲˡ
ûϴǿƤȡδ֪֮еġħ⦡ϣһִףġħ֮ſʳ۾Ŀֲ
һƵ׵˿ߣųơ̾ס֮һġܵס
һƣѹ۾ǣ
ʦУħ⦵ޣܵף˷·Ĳϡ
涼һпʦȣԼЩֶΡֱȫܿ
ಣ
ûãŮ̧һףձƺõһڿնٿգ
ǶѵǱһ۸ˣ
ԭǴӶѴµױӣҲ漴Ȼֹһһй¶
һĻֱ񻰴˵еġ족
ŮһѰС£ЦʦܣҪһͬУ
ҡͷʦûһء
ŮȻѾͷ㵱ȵˣ´ټҿɵúú˵һ˵
Цʦ㣬ǧˣ϶ܿĻҡ
㰡̫Ѿͷˡ
Ů̲סЦҡͷˣұһ
ľ̷òؾһϮƵؾȹ̬ȣԼ羲
һɽתǬã£һġ
һ˲ʧ
ɽӻһƬɽӣֻǣΪ뿪ȱһɫ
ء
ɽ

ǰɽˡ
峿Ѱһǿ߱ټ޴ƽ̨ϵȴ
ÿУԳڴһ˿޵
ɽ
պİ˴֮һλһĪδ֪֮Թž
ţǰеĵ۾ڣٲ
ڵ۾֮µ޵ߣûͿһƬ֮ء
һʥͽǰУȥ̽ѰһͻرйصĻԵ˭ܲ
Ƕ˽⵽ǰõʱ򣬹ɽڲ䣬йűƬڵʡ
ҲΪ˴ξʣͥŵһݣյóһ˵Ľۡ
ɽᱦ֣ԸǿֶΣڹɽֵıУƿһ·
ֻǣһ·Ἣ䲻ȶ۾һ̤㣬ػ˲ݡ
Ҳ˵ƿһ·Ҳܲס۾ϵ
ʶͥŻһٿһ۵ʢᣬѡγһʥڣΪɽعɽصѡ
ôҲԱͳ֮ᱦģɱĻĸͳҲڡ
Ѱһǿߣʸǰɽѡ
գǾͽ
һ˵Ƶǰȴһ񣿡
ȴУȻЦڡ
ԺĵͥǱߣڵǿѣһ˿
ɫùŹ֡
Ҳ˵ˣΪؾѡεһĽһһƵǰĻԵԭޱĽͼʡ
˭룬ǺƵԵʲôջҲûС
ò˶ֻ
ڶĻʸũƾϵ
ľϣǰ䱦¥֮ѡһǿıһС𡱵񽣣̫ʱһλϽ֮֡
Ҳ˲֪Ľʹѡ
Ψһһȴһڸо࣬ʹࡣ
ѰƳ˿һۣһȴʶƵأƺýʸûаɣ
ɫһ߲ͣ
ЩԭֻǿߣҲһȣоѰ仰ͷ·ڷһ㡣
ѰɲǣƵǰ޵Щ죬һٽ֮Բز
ջ㹻Ѱ㡣
ᣬλһ𣬴һǰ֮ɽʱҵȻһ֣һͨɽ·һ˱ɽУ̽Ѱر䡣
أ̫ɽ
Ѱ̧ͷͼ̫ҵһڵ۾֪ʱѳɽλãһס
֮ɽλݼ֮أԽ֮ɽһƬûб߽δ֪֮ء
ǰɽҲҪ֮ɽʼ
ЩϢѰ
סһ·ֻάϵʱ䣬ºǷãԱ뼰ʱأ򣬴У
̫˻Ѱ˽һݡ
ˣڱɳ
̫˵գҪжʱԱߵĻŮۺȻ
֣ȫĿⶼϡ
˴ǰɽϵشλҲһرζʲô
Ůˣ˴Σҵȼһڵ۾֮϶෽һ֣һǰɽĻᣬɲȻᣬһЩĻ̥֮մȾˣ
һһףȫԴ㵡
Ļ̥
Ůǲʲô
ѣһ˽ҵƤѡɿܻʲôĻ̥֮
̫üû뵽ڳ֮ǰŮۻͻȻ˵Ȼ
̫֣ϿܹܿҵȵĲ̽ô˵ҲԷһϾҵȺòȡĻᣬôСһЩҲ֡
ŮɫĮȻ˵ʱһһɫͭ
Ǭ̫֮ͥҵۺεαװֻҪڴ˾֮£Ρ
˻䣬ͫȻһ϶ʱóȱ
̫̫ҵֹܶαװһƳֻû֮
ͬʱѰҲһʶŮ۴˾٣Լ


1965 ͱ
ţ
Ѱע⵽ҵĿ⿴Լͬʱڶ
Сѣһ¶ڳЩϹɶᷢ裡
ϾڣҲᱻɱЩͥʮս崫ˣõһɵ۳桯컯ڳκε۾ﶼŹ㡣
˵⣬һһתڻлĻᣬǱֻ֣½޻ǹɽڣһɡ
ĳء
ѰǰģϢıᱻ̽ҵݣϲᱻϳ
ۣһޱȵĵ۱Էɽʦ֣֮±ϳҲϵ
Ϊ˱սʱܹԵ۾Ŀ̽ӶﵽʦĿġ
ʱѰѲҪս
ͬ˿԰׽֣Ͳαװ̫ҵҲ޼¡
һ˼ãġ
ѰĿⲻؿ˲Զһꡣ
˷ɫһֵɫü㣬Ԩsţһֳʡ

ڣͬԡֳ֡
ѰһԺڰͷ֮һĵزؽ磡
֮ǰؾУ޼ϣͽ޼̭֡
ԭѰΪ̫ҵв˱ػţϾݿ֮ͬ
룬ǿȻһ˿Ӧ
Ѱһ
ϾҵĴ
ЩڰСӣ˴ǰɽжͥʮսȴĬ˺ڰĴ˲μӡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǲӦڰͻǲһЩ϶ܳңһٵͨɽ·Ǻɾˡ
Ѱų׹
ɴ˿ɼ˴ǰɽжڰҲǹע֮һ˽
һҲǣһ顰ƵɾһǿյĹϵͳͥ졣
񣬹ɽһǺƵһĻرĸܲۺ죿
ˣȻִˣǱ㿪ʼ̽ɡ
̫
Ů۵˵ͷ
ৣ
Ŀ⼸ǵһʱѰϣһؾ۵һԵ㿪ʼ
ĮŸӵζ綢һֻ
ΪܹѰϷһЩšҵջʧˡ
ѰԵúܵҺϣλǰҲ˴۵ʢʱȷһЩϢ˵Ļ̥ҿɾͲӦˡ
˵ţһһƮȻһɫϼ⣬ָϡ
ûڣѰϢģ޶ٱ仯
Щ۾УȴһЩߣ˵ǵĿ⼸Ѱָϵһɫϼ
۱
һʱ䣬Ǿͱʶ۵Ʒ࣬Ŀһ
Ⱦ磬Ȼ˸ֵ۱ȴû˭Ὣһ۱Ϊ·ֻΪϢġ
Ҳ̫ݳޣµ࣡
һʱ䣬ٵ۾￴ѰĿⶼ΢ӡʲô
ȴŮɫһˣ˵㲻Ļ̥һ۱Ϊ˵㾿˭
ɫˣ
ǵȵ۾֮ѰԼ˽Իһеѡ
ҵȻڣ㻳ɴݣ͵ڽҴֻǻɣ֤ݣǾˣ˵þҪһˡ
ƽȴɡ
ŮŭЦң˴ʱ㻹άӣǺãҲ㣬Ҿǻɴ⣬򣬺Ե۱Ϣ
˶٣Ȼοؾ۵ʼʱֿ̫׿˵ֹõ۱ӡѴأõ
һһ٣һɱ֮֮ȫɫ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ǰɽǰᷢȲۣһŮۻìͷֱָһȥ
һʱ䣬ֻĿܣͲþʹѰ
Ҳü
¡½򶼰
Ц
ڴʱѰЦһ۱Ҷԣһŵ·οؾзһ飬ڳλǰɶ۵ףһ䣬˭Ҷù˱
һϯԵޱ򶨣ǿƣһˣֱŮۣ
˶һôĵǣ
ûУ
ѰԹԵҶõ۱֮ؾУעӲλǰķۣȻҪܳͷֺȵڣ
֤ȷ䣬㻹Ҷ죿
Ůɫɲ
֤ݣʲô֤ݣҵҪһ䣬ڳ۵ĵУǶе۱Ϊǰֻһˣ
ѰãԣѵΪؾ̭˲ǬͥˣǰǺģ𣿡
һϯġʸũױǶΪѰԣϣͬе۱
ѹ׵ıֶΣûؾжá
ͬѰĻûŮ۶ŭһ˵棬ֱ̺޷죡
ҪϾ˭
ȳ⣬һ̫ҵٿȻ֣һӲӰ׹ӿ֣Ѱȫ¡
һš
ΪѰԭأ̫ҵ£òһ˿ı䣬Ȼ̸ʲôαװ
ǰ׽壬òԸı䣬ϵϢϣԼͨһаأԺͱȫһ
ŮһȻ
ֹûУԵ۾֮ݣΪйĵĲȥһ󱲣ú㶪ˣ
⻰˵ĺ
ʵҲ˿ղĶһѺ㰲˲١
̫ҲЩüŮ۵ı֣ʵЩ̬ˡ
ԣ϶Ȼ⣡
أŮʲôλɼǵãϹʱڵ۵սУһɽ϶ߵ۾ÿһ߷ȫһƺϣ䱾ȫͬ
豣
Լͬأ̫Ժðһ֣ɫ΢䣬ǷɽھŴˣ쳹ġͥ۾
̫֮֮׵ĶۣǱѹ
ģӵСµһսͿλ۾һƿֲޱߡ
òǻɴԡ
ȼħʶʲôͫ׶һ
һɴӼܾǷɽ϶Ĵˣһ͸С
Ů䡣
һ̣Ҷһ⣬ֻ֪Ѱ棬ӵгɵ۳һ׮컯顣
ɴûѰͷɽ
ġʸũһʸɽǿߣҲһ㵡
ǿû뵽̬ݱ䵽ȵزһӣһ˷ɽ
ͬҲ֪ɽ֪Ϲʱɫʵϵͳڵ۵ս֮ͱٵ
Ů۵Ʋ棬ǽһҪٵĺɾˣ


1966 ʦһ
һʱ䣬ĿѰϣѹ֡
Ů۵Ʋ֮׼Ѱж̾ѡ
վֻǻɣȷ֤ݡ
ֻѰҪ˵ʲôʱһȻ
Ϊһ˵һ˶¼ɺʹѹλǰ㲻̫ˣ
ģɺͳԵúܲ
ৣ
Ŀ⿴ȥͼһ꣬£ӿ㣬վһɵģ
ɫԱþ˭Ҳû뵽ԻŮϴڣ˷
ѰҲһΪϳط
ֻǣһﲻ֮ǰһϲˣǲ뵽˺Լйصⳡ粨С
Ѱ⡣
֣һСʲôʸָ֣
ŮдŭѰײܲãھһ̬ţ涼Щ鲻ס
һ۾
ʲôʱһЩСȥˣ
ǰڳϲԣŮͶˣ
ȴطǵһͷ
ЦָһҪƨʸҾ˵ˣɱңһ᲻һüͷ
һ֪ɫ䣬ѣֹǲֱָŻŮ۵ıˣ
СҲ̫ƴ˰ɡ
ѰһĿⶼòһˡ
Ů࣬˸ſɲĴ籩Ƭضֲѹȫ
̫źۼһתһɵ⣬ѵѣ

ֻһϣ
˿ȴһˮڻŮͷϣɢͷŭ侲
ֻǣطĿɲƣСһļȷΪӣⲢƵ۾ʸڣʵʵشš
˵ţһָ
ط类˵ʱĿֱ𣬿ƾһָá
ǵ۾
ȻطȳҲûȥһλ۾־
ڣˡ
ŮĿ⿴ѰɫᵭĮգ˭ˣҲ޷赲Ҵݣαװľġ
۾ɫ졣
ŮƲ⣬˵ѰǷɽҲЩ޷ƽʶ˭ûֹ뿴һŮ˵ǷΪ档
ѣʿɶֹ
̫ü
ģ֤Ƿɽұ֤һ˿ë
Ů۵Ȼ
Եޱš
һ̤ʵɻŮ۾ţΪθ֮ؿ϶Ѱ⡣
ѵ
Ѵ̽ʲôϢ
Σ˿ѰĴѼ֮Σգ
Ҫʲô
̲ס
ܼ򵥣
Ů۵ϱȻҲЯвٱֻҪȫóһһɡ
ʣҲ޷֤أ
Ů׼Ǿʶ̽Ǻ꣬ǿԱ任һ˵ļ;ܲ١
˻
˵ʶŮǳ׸ѰˣһĲݵļƣ
ɫһ֣һͥʮսĴˣҲȡ˹ֵֶΣ
ѻ꣬κһ޵߶ԣǶϵļֱðͼ̤
޵ҲܲȴڻŮ۵ϸŭԡ
Ѱ䣬ӿŲƵɱ
Ҳʲôԭ򣬽ǱŮԣܵһǰδеŭ

ѻ꣡
϶Ϊ˶ԸԼȫǲֶˣ
ң˵ˣǻɴݣŻӵһ޷ɵݣĻȥһСƽϣ
Ů۵Ȼ
˵ţһ̧֣ճѰץȥСھΣ
ѰԲԴС
ѻ꣬ԣȷĴݳױ¶
ǰ
ѰصʱȻס
ΪڻһĨָۣһɲٿȻ𣬲һ⡣
ҷ
ŮЦһĻ϶Ѱˣʶԥһ֡
һĻưϡ
䣡
𵴡
˶㵵ǣһɲŮ۵ǱһƬ貵ĥ
̫ȼħۡҵ˽ͫһ
һ۱˿µܵסһλ۾ĳ֣
ȫž
ġʸũҲһΣ۾֣ȴһﵲסԵ̫˼飡
Ů۵ɫЩҲסˣһߣһ
򣡡
ӿֳһ淨򣬽֯һɽҪ죡
ޱȿ£ǵ۾ܣ
Ҷ̲סˣҪֹΪһ֮£ѰҲܲ
ɾڴʱ
һؼ쳹

ֻһ֣һ˵ۣȴǰᡣ
񴺷档
ɰһ֣һĻɽйˣ¡¡ɢΪꡣ
ɽۣ纣߸ϵĻŮۣ类ϲ֮ϡ
һƺзԶ
ȫţضһԵľֹͣ١
ڳһС޲Ŀ࣬㱡
ŮۣǬͥһλ߳Ƶͨ뢣Ĵڣȥ
˭Ǳӣ
ڳЩ۾нԺݺһĿ⼸ڵһʱ俴ͬһ
ԶƺУӳֳһԼӰؾľ٣㣬ʥ࣬羲
ڿŮӵĵһۣ̫ңȼħۡӡս۵ȴԲһ١
ΨȾУܿŮϣӿ֣תһԲĹ⻷ܡ
عӳ֣һӾ֮һ
ǵ粻ߵһĻڳ۾޲ܵһַĵ𺳣ݺݾ޵
ǺεȾ磿
һЩ۾ͷƤ飬Ůӵеǿ͸ֻ֤Զ
滷ڣСߵ˲˼һ
б貵磬ͷ
ǼħۣǴ칬֮ݺǿ֮ϣ޾κεУҲޱԸ֮
ɴʱŮǰܵһѹ
ͬʱѰҲŮӣָ件ۣҪֶ
Ѱһˣвɫ֮ӿһĨ
ǡ
ʦ
ϢأؾŮӣѰߣһĨ͵΢Ц
Сʦܣ˵ܻᱻ۸Ҿˡ
Ȼʦ㣡
Ѱ΢ʦ˵Ļ
Ƿɽʦǹϵ磬ʦֵԷƣԺ㣬϶ҲΪַ۵ġ
ֻǣѰû뵽һκʦһĪľ֮¡


1967 鷳ȥ
Ѱԡ
ȴʦصҪ˵Ĵǿɶһ飬ǡ
󣬾ͼһӰƾճɽۡ
ڵۣȻһ˶ȴ˸С
˵һ̳еĿ⣬ѱһΪؼΨһĽ㡣
Ǻˣô˵أִ˼֮£
ŮӰͷɢдŭ˵߷ߡ
Ŀ֮£һùƺ澡ʧ
ɵʱҲǸеһѹȣ˲ʶһֲĴڡ
Ƴһۣҿɻûԭأ鷳ȥ
͡
ɵ仰£һŮٶػӰݺݹȥƫУԭȵλòͣ¡
ʼգһ۾ֿ
ǵһĻ̫ٶɫ䣬ͷë̫ǿˣŮӾ˭
ֺǽһʲôϵ
ġʸũ˶ѱǣԺհס
ͬΪ۾ɻŮ۴˿ȴԵǰ㲻ֱҪ߸ǵ֪
ѰòЦʹޱȣ鷳ȥʦ񡭡
㾿˭ΪǿͿ޼ɵ
ԶŮ۷ŭĴУԳɵӲܹ衣
ûУ
һĲ⣬Ϊ۾ѵ㲻֪ǿ󣬱Ϳ޼ɵ
£ŮžһĶն
ʼգ˿γֵģ
㡭㡭
Ů۲㶼ҪĿѡ
߸̫ˣԼҲС𣿵ȻڵɺС

½ྻˮչֳȴȫѹһڴ۷â
̫֣ȾڴҰ
Ůŭɶ
ѣֹ֡
̫̾Ҳû뵽Ϊһһǣ˶粨
ֹ֣
ҺȻЦղźε޼ɵԵ۾֮ݣԽһһСģֶθǱӵ˷ָʱ̫ûгֹ
̫ɫһͣЦҡͷ
ұ񣬴˿ҲйĲ㣬ҿðᣬ۸ˣΪξͲ۸ΪǬͥ޷ˣ
˵ҿ̫Ƶͥ磬
ȫĿ˭Ҳû뵽ħ۴˿̾Ҳŷˡ
ң
ԶŮ۵ļУ켷͸ŷŭͺ⡣
ʲô𣿡
һλݺǿյĴ˿ֱ̾ӷ˸ۡ
ûŮۻࡣ
һָأȾͲŮ˵ݣɼпܺСһԷɽ
һϯһڵ۾ɫ΢䡣
ǵУصȷĿ£ȴҲ벻ǿչŵ£ĸۻӵ˿µ
˵ǵļʶȴ֪Է
̫ˣ
֪ǿգ۾֮٣ÿһͻһʱ䶯£֪
һİ۾ĳ֣ҲζţݱȻѰ
ž
ֻǣŮۻ£ֱһ⣬Դ
͵˵̫ˣɽٲڵ۵սУҲѹǬ̧ͥͷ㡭ʲôʸûˣ
Ѱͫһ꣬ɽѹǬ̧ͥͷ
ǵһ˵飡
ȴŮۼУλΪɽ⣬Ȼңǻ֣
̫Ȼɲţɽ֮˾˴󵨣ʱǻͥͥҰ
ӡսۣȼħ۵ɫصĿⶼһ˿衣
ֻƾ˼⣬Ҳ벻ķɽϣĸ˾Ůǰǿ
˵˽ķɽУû˵ŮӰһɫ
ȴƻȻûвһУɣұѺܿˣڤ粻飬ɱҷΪ
ڵһ󷭹
ͬΪ۾Ǳκ˶Ҫһ۾ףҪɱһ۾죡
ΪΪﵽ۾ΣÿƿֻҪƴܲȡһ˿
¾Ǳɱֻʣһ־ǿػָ
Ҫϵһ۾ΪҪɱҪѣӵоѹ򣬸Ͳܰ쵽
仰ֻ֤һ£УŮȫͲ߱һ˿
Ůۻһɫò
Ȼٷŭٷ񣬿ҲԼȫܺͶԷ⡣
ԷҪԼ
ܵס
أȼħ۳ѣٲ֤Լݣֻݲˡ
ھء
ϾƵͥһ֮򣬸ڶԸĵ۾ͬڣ
ȼħۿɲţ̫һݵĿֲɫƵͥĵϺС
Ȼ̫ĿҲأѣѾΪԼĹۣڣǷԱԼˣ
һ̣Լڳ˵Ŀⶼ뿴ء
ΨѰһ
ȴЦЦ࣬ٲԺɾٲ̤Ƶͥһˡ
ࣿ
۾һͷˮ
̫ͫһ¶ɫ
ʲô̫֣ࣿλòƵͥλ
̫ɫص˵ͷ
ҲڴʱһЦ𣺡յѣȻ㲻ҲӲġ

ؼ䣬һƬⷭһӰһϮۣҰɫ뷢ʲңޱȲϣһȴ峺Ӥ
֣ⷽضһֲϢؼ乲
һһһһͨ쳹أᾡ컯
ȫԼš
Ѱһ˸ʥ˿̶һĿϲСη֮С
ʵǣλߵϢ̫
ʦ
ּ̫
ڵۼˣԺкһһ粻񻰰
Ҷ棡
һλڵ֮;澳ϴڣ
һ̫¾֤ΪۣƵͥĻʯ
˵У۾߰Ĵڣֻ
ôڵ۾УҶĴڣһ߲ʵĴɽ
ʱλ˵еĻʯڣ˳У
һʱ䣬пصĿⶼˡ
һ仰Ҷ棬Ůӡ˭
ŮԤеɫãǣ֮ͱˣΪ֤ݡ
ڣвҡˣѵԼЩ֤ƭˣһŮӸǷɽ
Ѱ࣬ʦ˸׼
ȴشҶһۣ̾ԭѾ̤澳ˣֲüҳǶһ


1968 һԪ
Ҷǰ̫Ƶͥƽ̶õͷڳڵ۶ֻʵֵشš
ȴûʲôӦĻһʵζ
ϣҶȴЦ͵ܰƬض
룬ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
˽Ȼ
ҶصĽ̸ľ޷ƽҲ϶صŮӣԺҶŷһĽ飡
ʦλǰǣ
̫̲ס
ҶЦȥƳһֿ̫˿ڳ۾̾
Ҳɻ󣬱ϾԪͥĴѾ̫òˡ
һ仰ʯ쾪
̫ҡȼħ۵ȵ۾ڽסһƬκˡ
Ԫͥ
ͥΪغ͵͵һ䴫˼Ӳ¡
˭޷ԹԪͥĴڣҽͥг
ԭȫһ仰ݡ
һŽԴۣһԪ
ֻҪǵ۾ͻޱ仰̺Ǻε֮£µ
һʱ䣬һƬž
˴۵ʢϣԪͥĴˣ䣬ȥ£ؽΪ˺䶯Ȼ󲨣
ѰͬҲס
Ԫͥ
ʦôһӱһݣ
Ѱиֳ˸ֿܣҲӿɻǳϲԣ̲סҪȥһʦأ⾿ô¡
֪֮ǰѰ˵ԪͥҲ̾ͥӵеĿֲ̡
ȴûɽˣһޱȵŲĳϵ
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ܣܻǹԪͥˣ
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ľᶨ֮ǰܵĴ̫࣬澡ʧȫޣ罫غ֮ǣԺα
ԷǹԪͥĴˡ
ô
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Ҷüɫ䵭
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ȻŮ۾͵һӣ
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ⲢС⣬ǸͲ⣬һָ߸ϵĲмһ־Եӡ
ɲɣߵ壬ڲŻ澡ʧʧ̬ۡ
һУ类Ҷ濴۵ףʶڶԴŮ۵̬ϣԵú䵭ų⡣
ҡ
ҶĿһɨŮۻһѹɫð
ʶնϣעҲˣò˶ãǶΪЦ
һֻ϶棬ҲͶˣ˻͹עȥЦ
һλ۾棬ǿɾǺ䶯µĴ£¶ڼʱھ֪
ŮԽԽƣĿⲻƳһط
һŽɫӣԨsţԵزؽ
Ů۵Ŀ⣬ɫ䣬ҧزŽͷӿĿ־ͺѹȥ
ֻһ£Ůǽǵزؽ糹׺޵˹
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ˣӹһ٣
û˱нһļһʵǷɽˣ
ڷҡϣزؽһλ۾ɮɿգһũȭɱ
ڤҲ֮䡣
£ڵزؽֳ˼粨Ϊһλչݺͳ֡
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ѰõݣֱõĽһݣԱزؽͨ˿Ʋ⵽
Ȼֻǿвȷ֤֤һ㡣
ֱڴ˴۵ʢϣ֪ѰĽһҲȻѰͱȥ
Ҵ϶ûţ˻Ůۡ
ؾУǬͥ˲أ˭Ůעʹ졣
֪ŮڵǬͥǷɽͷ
ҲΪҪЩϢ֮Ů۵ԭ
Ϊ˴οԽ赶ɱˣһٽѰ롭
̬ȴչȵز
ѰݷǵûбҴǻŮ۶꣬ڽȫͷϡ
ǵزؽһ˵Ժǵزؽ֮ˣҼһɱһ
Ů͸ű䣬׹ߡ

գλǣ
˿̣ҶĿ⿴Ѱ
ҹԪͥˡ

ȻѲµʵõȷϣڳлǺݺһ𣬿ѰĿⶼһˡ
ԭͥصĹԪͥĴˣֲλʦǰǿͿ¡
з
½л껨ҲɫӣҲԣƽҲֻд˵еĹԪͥ
ġʸũױԸĴˣ˿̶ԵúܳĬ
֮ǰһֱѰΪ߳ǿߣڵλϣǽһԽС
ڡ
ǲŷ֣һȫŲǵĳԪͥͬҲ֮ͥһ
طЦЦֹǹԪͥ𡭡
˵ԪͥһŽԴۣΪδȴֻǾʥΪ
Ȼȼħۿʵ
¸ĥ˭һɵۣ
صȻο֣˭ֻ֪һҹԪͥĴˣ
ȼħƿԡ
ܸо̬֮棬ɾﲻԾȴ˵
ʦܣ
ظҶ˵һЩʲô󣬱Ѱһƺ
ͬʱ޷ƽ
ʦλյѡǺεΪ
̫̲ס۾ԽĿ⿴Ҷ档
֮ǰչֵֶΣֱ޷Ŀ£Ůۿ۾عصĴڡ
£ֱϲݽ㲻
̫ˣ
Щ۾޷ƽ
Ҷ룬Ҳ͸¶һЩϢ̫ʱĻʱ̤Ƶ۾عż
һ仰̺ζȴڳ۾ԳĬˣͷ
̫ʱ
̤Ƶ۾عأ
ֱһŵ񻰣һĴ棡
ֲûﱻŰң˺ֹһ簡
Ц
Ůˣ޲ȥƴ
ͬʱҲѣ̤Ƶ۾عأȿֲޱȵľ磬£ָ
Ŀ⿴ԶأҶҲһ˿΢ĸӣ
̫֤ۣϹų棬һֱǰǹԪͥĵ̣ǡڻ
ڵ۽ĳ

ﵽȾ磬£ǿ飬ȥãʲôǲ˽ģ
ɴ˿̣ȴ޷
ΪأҶ棬ڵ۾ϵĳɾͣȷ಻ĵط
ƺָһתãϢȫ
罫⣡


1969 ʦֺ͹Ԫͥ
ʦܣʶһ£ҽأǷɽе̫һǧʱ򣬱ʦ£ʼʵ
ЦһصѰľһӱƽ
Ѱʦ㡣
Ѱ
ǰŮӣؾԼ̬Լһ峺Ϫˮϡ
֮ǰĿûŮ۱ŰһĻĻ˭ţһλŮӻһ̫ʱھ̤Ƶ۾عżĿֲڣ

Լʦ㣡
ؾн΢ʦ˵㣬Ҳ˵㣬ʦǰľګ֮ˣҲ޲ѡ
Цһŷʦɱ˵ĸھʥͽһдǰزȵҿҪǿࡣ
ѰöЩ˼ˣʦ㣬ҿû˵ǰ
΢΢һЦѰ⡣
ʦܣ˴ΨһĿľΪ㻤֤Խǹɽ
΢ʦӦø˵ʦɽϴ飬Ϊһرʱʱԡ
һǼѵʱ
˵⣬ɫԣϣʦ˴ǰȫԸ˱С
Ϊӵ˴˱ǷɽЩ»ҰͿؽɽţ롣
˵һ˿ڵ˸С
Ѱһ
̫ʱڵ۵ս󣬷ɽͳͱٵɽʱд˱ɢ⣬»Ұ
صĻѰʶ˴ǰɽ֮أ
ԭֻҪһرؽɽ
Ѱʦ㣬һѡĿӵ
صرɲѰ֮ǰЩ죬н֮ٵϢ֣ûþͱڵס
ڵ֮ٵģƵ
Ҳ֪ƵͬҲһδ֪֮صĻر
ʦܶһƵıؽɽʱƾ˱ȥڵԴеĽϢ
꣬Ѱ׹
ͬʱһ󷭹ֻؽɽѣϢ
ɻʳ
̾ʦܣ̤۾ʱԻףеĽʵҲܹƿغõġ
Ƿɽڵͳ֮ܣǰܸǰǴ֮¡
Ѱס
ʲôдеĽ
ȴ֪ڹŻϿգ֮٣֮ٵˣһλϴڵ־
ݷɣֵµĽ꣬λϴΪ𡱣˵ȴڣԴڵ۾
̫ʱĻʱġʮսУ⡰𡱵Ӱڡ
ͬ¶ɼʥɮͺڻʥĽҲλ𡱡
ʦ㣬㿴
뵽⣬Ѱһһؿݽľȡзӡŵһɽɽɱɼʥɮͺڻʥס
ѾЯѰϺܶˡ
ӷɫָǿݽľһ㡣
ͣ
һƽɫĽɽϢӳһĨĽɫ磬ɢֲޱߵĻϢ
ѰͷƤ飬ܵΣ֮С
ȴһ£һĨϢٿѹסһ·ӡǿݽľڡ
һ쳣Ϣʱʧˡ
˵ϣҲֻԭδ֪֮صľܷӡ˵Ƚˡ
̧ͷѰʦܣԹŻ򣬴֪˸ڹŻɽѵԴɶԣ
Ѱͷ˵ɽѵˣ𡯡
һ˼۾𡭡ƺҲΪС
Ѱ̲סʦ㣬òᵱٵǷɽͳĽҲ⡮𡯰ɣ
룬Ӧˡ
Ӧã
ԣгһܴ⡮𡯣ܹŪıԴ
ѰһʱͿˣЩ⡣
֮ٵĳ֣־ɽıԴʲô
һۿѰɻЦŽ͵ʦܣ֮ǰѾ˵ˣĽܹƿغõģҲζţǡƿصĽֻǽˡ
ͺñȣһǿһ䣬ҪŪ׵ǣγֵģ˭µģ˾˭
Ѱ˲Լˡ
ֻǣڽڴ򣬹𡭡Ͳ˽⣬׵ģֻһǳԵ֪ѡ
ͽ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
ףѰΪ粻޷ȥӴͿڽİء
ʦܣ֤ΪʱɳŲһľӡĽʱͻһЩ
ؽһؿݽľѰ
ʲô˵ľͬҲǵδ֪֮صıĪδ֪ƣҲˣܷӡһƽ
ǿչŵϣûа취ôľ»ʦ˴ǰɽǿȥѰһ֪ɽһЩ̺żܰŽľ
Ѱ˼ʦ㣬˵ľǺǻرƣԿԷӡڱνϢ
غЦͷϧľֻһС飬һĲǿɾͲˣƵͥƵҪҲһĻرɱȡ
ѰһƵҪһ붼ĲԺлᣬһҪľȻ
ƳһԶ壬ʦܣʱ䲻࣬Ƿɻ󣿡
Ѱһɻ˳ʦ㣬Ƿɽ͹Ԫͥʲôϵ
Ȼ֪ˡ
룬˵Ԫȡ¹Ԫ֮⣬һ̫ͥʱڣǵĴʦһֽ
дһ˿׷䣬һָп
ѰֻԴ˵һ£һ󷭽
ʦ֣
һֵһͥ
֮ǰѰ飬̫˼飬Ҳ̫𺳣
ͼᣬĴʦ֣ҪһͳҪʦ֤һ죬Ԫͥһڷɽĵͳ
ʱǷɽֻоŸˣҺʦֵܽԶоʦַˣ϶ʦʹ뾭ѵܽʦʦš
ϾʱԴʦֵȥһͳŻŽɻ顣
˭룬ʦ֪º󣬷ǵգ˴ʦô˵ӲزʦϣгһǷɽ´ˣԿʤˣһѧ
зʣžĽ˼
ѰҲǲƽ
Ӳزʦ
һ仰ɼʦǺؽε֮


1970 һ˸Ĵ
ü䷺һ˿㱣׷С
õʦӦʦָ˻ˣ뿪ʦź󲻾ã㿪ٳ˹Ԫͥ
ֻǣĹԪֻͥһˣһɹеɽضûУȻ̸κ
ʦĸԸκκͷɽйصһ˿ʼս¡
ʱ仯ݣнޡޣҲޣޡޡ
ۺεݣҲ۾εɱֻҪʤ˵ԼԹԪͥĴˡ
ս·;ϣԪͥҲ֮Ŀۡ
Ƕ˵ԪͥһŽԴۣɲ⣬ޱأ˭Ҳ֪Ԫͥɽ
ԽԽùԪͥ
˵⣬شǲһĨЦ⣬ֻǣ˭Ҳ֪ǸݵĹԪͥˣʵɴʦһ仯
һЩ澳ϼһﶼɱιΪ϶һ۾һеĿֲͳʦ˵ʦǲǺ
ѰͷҲ𺳲ѡ
һˣһ˸ǿյĵͳ
˼ǣʶƳɴ˿ɼʦֵĵкֶΣǺε֮ǿ
ؼ˵̫ʱҲƵͥٿһͥᡯʱġǬħơͥɳһλ澳ʹʦһ۵д衣
ֻҪһԪͥ㲻ͥС
϶ˣʦֳսʤһˣѹסͥ棡
ͥᡯĻʱԪͥҲɹͥУ½Ծ
ͥΪ˱ס棬ֻƣԪͥĵ̵õǵһϿɣδ̸е澳½ڴʦµ顣
ǷɽĴ˿ɶһ
˵⣬ɫ両ֳһĨɡ
Ѱѱ𺳵ǡ
һ˰ѹͥɳλ澳
кεǿΪܰ쵽
ʦֵķɣָǺεȿ
һŽԴۣһԪ
˭֪ͥУص͵һߵͳʵɴʦһ˳ģ
ֱһŵĴ棡
ѰϾ˲˼ӣʦ֡Ҳ
ֻǣѰĪ𣬵ڹáսʥʱһĻĻ桪
ʯ̮ưܵɽţһΰӰڷУӰԵǰ¶Ͳ
ѷսʮأ£Ϊս
ĵɱֻĬվɽǰηͷ
ɱϾ
һĻĻ棬Ⱦȴһ˵ıϢ
Ѱ棬˵ȴؾеһλ¹
¹ȥˡ
ڳֳֵصȴ
ģ
š
ѰӿһƲסĳ嶯أʦȥ
һؾϸһĨӣʦ뿪棬ǰδ֪֮غ󣬴ʦֶһˣԷɽһ˵ݣеλս
ѰһԤе
Ȼһر˵һս˭Ҳ֪Ļһս֮Ƿɽһ١
ڵ۵ս
Ѱѿڶ
ص˵ˣҲΪ£ʦΪھޱȣΪԼΪһõʦֵܶ
ͳ͸Ȼѹʵûһ˹ȴ޷ԭԼ
ƲԸٻЩ£͵һסĵ
ٺʦֽһ²˹ڣ뿪ˣ˵ʱǱѩ֮ա
ѰҲһ̾
ˡ
꣬棬ҲôʦġսʥУʶޱȷʦֵȷ뿪ˡ
ֻǣʦ־ȥ˭Ҳ֪
ص˵ȥ֮һġ򡯣ﱻյĵطب񵫷ߣȥ޻ء
˵ʦȥѰ֮ˣΪУ֮Уܹɵ
Ҳ˵ʦתޣһѹɵĵ;
̾ɲһ֣ԲЩʦֵԸ⿴ģֻϣԻŹ
Ѱ૵ŹǰŲϣ
ؽĿ⿴Ѱ͵ǰĳ£Ҳգʦܣ׹ԪͥǷɽĹϵˣ
Ѱͷ
ȻˣԪͥǴʦһֵ죡
ֻǣͷһ˿ɻ󣺡ֻǣΪƵͥҶ˿϶ʦҲԹԪͥ
ʦȻ뿪ˣһֿٵĹԪͥɲܾ㶪²ˣͳɽţ޴ˣֻһţҺʦֵǽţֻҪԪͥڣʦ־һ
ᶨԣÿһʱ䣬ҺһЩʦֵǱԹԪͥ˵䣬Դ֤Ԫͥһֱڣ
˶٣ںҶʶҪ׷ݵ̫ʱ򡭡ʱҶ֤ΪۣŹԪͥһŽԴۣЩȥѰҹԪͥɽš
ҵţ˶Ҳһ񣬿ƫƫȴޱִţҸˣΪ˴ִұԹԪͥ˵ݣһ١
һﵹҲȤ֮󣬷һϲпģ˵Ԫ̣֮ͥȷʵԣԺٸҶԾд衣
Ҽؽ䣬̹еҲΪͣһһʱ䣬Ҳǽһꡣ
˵زЦˡ
Ҷʶһ£Ҳڵ۾;Ϊһʱ䣬ҶΪСܣҶһ·£ң⡣
ԭˡ
ѰȻ
ʦһ޷ƵĴ棬һοɸĻԻ͹
ʦأĿûԼ¼
Ҷ棬һƵͥ澳ںܾǰȴʦ
ұ뿪֮أ򣬾ͻᱻǽϣʦɷģ˴ǰɽٳκη粨
Ц˵
ϣ
ѰҪʣͱشţص壬ɲǼ䣬±Ŀϡ
ʱסˣĵԺлᣬҲ١
Ͼľ磬Ͳ˽̺壬ǵ֪һЩԵɣҲע֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
գѾˣ
Ҷ溬Ц
֣صҶʱõһԪͥ˵ݡ
Цˣҿǽ㵱һЩս˵ˡ
Ҷһʶʲôɫ΢΢ЩȻȫ˵ˣ
صͷԣҪһЩ
ҶЦǹԪͥĴˣҵˣģұ֤ܵκһί
˵ţƳһ۲ԶĻŮۣõú߻һʧɫ


1971 Ķ
ûжͣʦˡ
ǰѰɽֻҪܶһرǱ¶Ҳ޷
Ѱд󶨡
£ߴ˵սǿģԴԱ
ңؾһɽޱȣע顣
Ѱޱȿ϶ġʸũױЩݽɫÿһбЯбõĽֶΡ
۱һЩĽ
ѰЩпͬҲȱֶΡ
뿪ûãѰһˣ̫һڵ۾ţ뿪Ƶͥǰ֮ɽ
֮ɽλں缫֮أҲ̽ѰȫòһƬδ֪֮ء
ޱȣ֪˶޵ǰðա
ܹŻģȴ޼
˴֮һĹɽλδ֪֮صһƬ۾ײĽأ

ڵ۳УԺ䶯Ĵ£ȻҲ˸ʱӡ
Ѱ˽⣬ȻǽŲƹҲҪķѽһµʱ䣬ִܵ
̫ȵ۾ţһʱ󣬱㰲Ȼִ
֮ɽ
һں缫֮صĴɽʱѰ˽Բס
ͼ£һѩ׵ɽʯڴ֮ϣպڱΡ
ԶԶһɽεͨ죬һؼıϣ𺳡
Ѱע⵽Ĵڵִ֮ɽǰʱ㱻赲ס޷͸С
оһŻ֮ص⡣
ڣһȫδ֪磡
֮ɽδ֪֮֮ı֮һֿԳǽɽȱϣںʤ

ұУҪٵľһƬδ֪磬վͲ޾δ֪У
ĲľɽӼֲȫͬں磬пһֻ۵ĳӣܿɵ۾ǣҲпһͨͨСݣնǳ
е۾пǿչŵ嫣ұУδ֪֮ززɲĵطب˭Ҳ֪δ֪֮ؾж価ͷںη
ѰһСĳ
սǿչŵУҲǵ۾֮ҫ۵һȺˡ
ȴ˸ǰδ֪֮ش
ԭܼ򵥣δ֪̫֮գյõ۾ﶼײԽ׳һ
Ȼ಻ĺݽɫЩ˽Уͺûʲô
õģܼһŷء
У֮ɽǰ
̫ɫȻΪһرĵĹɽڣѷ䣬öȰȻС
Ϊɽ䣬ҵҲ޷ƶϳеվж£ʱҪСĽһЩ
һѰ˵ɫز١
дգȻҲд컯Ҳǻرǹɽڣطֲ಻˼ĻԵץסעΪɹĺô
ֶ̫һ㽫Ŀ⿴۾λԶˡ
á
ͥսĵ۾ͷ
𣡡
̫һӣһöɫԵĵӡֶӡ֮ϣӡһ㷱ܵơ
ͣ
ĵͥľӡս۴һ£һڻͼڵͭ¯ڿնԼ䣬˻²֡
٣
ͥҴһӣһҫ۵ľ޽ֶ޽ı棬ӳֳսѪĿֲ
ͬʱǬͥĻŮۣһɫ⣬ƮꣻħͥȼħۼһڳֳһѪɫ磬ǧħӰС
ֱǣ
Ƶͥġӡ
ĵͥġ¯
ͥġ
Ǭͥġ⡱
ħͥġǧħ
ÿһԿˣǲ˼Ŀ¡
¡
ͼ챦ۣɨȥƬض
ͼذƶѻĽɽϣӲ俪һ޴ѷ죬ͨңԶ
Ǳ˺ѵıϣŽһޱ貣Ŀѣ
Ǵݻں磬δ֪֮صط
ͼҲǸ֣ͥһ˺˱һǣô˵صĴԻ
˶סҪ˵ѰǣЩ˲֪µĵ۾ϹҲ۾ϸ
ϧЩŽĵܿϢ޷׽
Խˣеδ֪֮زˡ
¡
֮ɽϣϣǱƿһѷ첻Ϸջһϸ͸ͨ
ԶԶһһǺ̳ǣͨϸϼתٰƮˡ
ȥ
̫ȣͷϣȻкˮ
ٿĵ۾Ҳ¶֮ɫһͨҪķѵֱһƬпٵأ
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ġʸũˣԺԥ֣һλðͨ
мǣԱٿıԵ
Ѱɿ촫¡½ˣ˵ţһҲ˹ȥ
գһȫ롣
䣡
ˣ̫˵һʱ˱һٳͨҲֺ֮ϣʧ
ʱ̫ɫ԰ף
ǵĵ̺ɴʱǿһͨɽ·˼
֪һ֣ǰǹɽȥǲܵ顣
ºҵһ֣·ӭЩСһһ̫
ҿܶǻزˡŮȻ
ڵ۽ĬȻ˼졣
˴жɿܲ
ֻҪܹһرһеĸѾֵã
λ֮ɽвͬڹעǵĶ
أЦڡ
Ȼ˴жЩϼһǣĸܲעºҶɻ澳֡
һλ۾п
λصǣ˴ҵȸһж£û˸֡
̫Ȼһ֮
ɵӲŻʱ֣ңȹɽһرʱŻǷҪһ֡
ƿڣϾΪΪʳȻǳɵ۳֮ĸף
̫˽Ŀ
ᷢ
пܣ
ͥʮսȴǣж֮ǰѿǹʶֻ޼ɵ
֮ɽңԶһɽУľިϸ׷ס
һòɮظɾɮ£һʯǰں˶ġ
֮ɽϱٳ·ʧʱɮܲϸֳһĨ΢Цеһöϡ
ž
޻ڡ
Ķģڿʼˡ
ɮ


1972 ֮ ӿ
б΢磬ľ¡
ɮ۱ˮʪȴȻֻרעǰϡ
ĵģһͷڣһϮۣ꣬ȴ̺޾ɣϢӡ
ڰڣزؽչڣҪϵһֶУΨͭȸ¥Ǳһ㶯ҲûУֲ֣
꽫һöУ˹˵
֡
ɮûжĶһ֣ǣһޱȵĻرͭȸ¥·񣬿ɲ⡣
ЦҲΪ
Ĭİ죬ɮȻѿȷһӣǷɽһöӣѾãʱЩƮصĹ»ҰǷе֣
Ц֣˵˰ɣǽһǹԪͥˣѵõҶϿɡ
ɮ̧ۣȻؿ˿ò꣬ʵչڲ֪µ澳ϹŶ£ˣ㡮桯
棡
ƺţڰ޵עΪ֮Ĳ޾η塣
겻ΪȻЦЦ֣αؼƽЩ֦ĩڣ۹ԪͥǷɽҪҪǣº壬Ӷջʤ
ɮĬƬ̣¶Ҫһ塭ɲ¡
ǾͿ˭һˡ
ЦûĪ
ɮšա̫ʱչһɲ⡣
ڰΪյ桱

ҶԽɽڱչذɡ
Ƶͥһƽ
ҶüΪΣ
㻹𣬴˴ιɽǣ°ӿ⣬º󣬱д粨
һ̾ӵƵȥıһر
ˣΪҪұչأ
Ҷüͷ
õĳĬһٶ𣺡ֻܸ㣬һӣѳΪ籩ۣ֮ɽжĻʱ۴ǷܹǻرԶѲҪ
ҶͫһУԼµʲôҪԸԪͥ
ҲԣҲԣԵɣºԻס
һһ˿أмǣһεķ粨ƵͥͬҪϲܲУ򣬱ػ˽ֻ֮
ҶĬˡ
ԤеɽжϻΪһرͬģҲһӰû
ֻǣҶ벻ףΪΡ
ҪԹԪͥ
ѵ̫ĩڡϹĩڽġͳ֮Ҫڵ
һΣɽͳ١
һΣԪͥҲҪѣ
뵽⣬Ҷһ
ˡ
³ĸ֣Լ֮ء

꽫١
һɽ֮ϣһ׺ɫǾޱѵŮӾԶ
һͷںڳһöб壬¶һƯذľա
̬޳֬㽿ۣһԴȻζĵ峺ǳţֲ¶ķˣԾع⡣
ϣһī֭㲻ϻۣްѹġ
Ĭã˸һƯޱȵĵ΢΢һЦʦ֣زô꣬ƺΪǰа
Ϣأ°֮ϳһòʵڣͷũӡ
ͷ¶һЦݣʵʦãҾ㲻ٰ˵ʱ򣬿˳ۡ
ৣ
һϢӹũĶϣŵһЦɲǵɿգʦãȥҿ汻ŵһɢһˡ
ŮӣȻǾûһۣ߰ɡ
ȥģ
һ
ȥꡣ
ǴԼӰнԶ

ݡ
ڡ
ɽأھ޵ĲӺȻ۾ͼ֪ʱһӰѳֲԶ
һϮۣüҺʹǣһĨİЦ⡣
ʦ𣡡
һϲ
ǰ֮ˣȻǷɽʮ΢
㲻һֱһʰһ£Ҵ뿪
΢Ц˵
ֻһ˵ӿͷѿڶã
ʶЩԾʦʲô鷢𣿡
΢룬̸϶顣
һᶨʦ𣬲ܶ飬һҪս
΢Ȼһģûǵʱ򡣡
ڨڨʦԵȣȥһ񣬱һߡ
΢ֹζֻҪ㲻ڣڱǡ
Դ˵һ£µʲôɫʦǵЩˣ
βٶزˡ
΢Цž

ǰɽͬһ졣
£ӿ
ǡһεĶģĻ

ɽ
һ˿Ļããɽ֮䣬ԭʼϵçϢ֮С
صĴϢزδ֪磬ɽԳֳȫһķò
籡ڻɭ֣Уڱ񷣬ڴ͸°߲涵Ӱ
һȺȺųĹ㣬߮ѲѤõĳĴʱλƵĹ⡣
Ǵϣɽççι״ʱһʱо޴Ĺ֣
½룡
ѰƬʱĵһʱ䣬ͱǰһĻĻ𺳵
ɽһһľһɽһʯ̺ԭʼϵĴۼ
ĻϢ粻һֳһϢķ
һֻȫ类峺Ȫˮϴ̣һƬγͨ͸ͷ
һ磡
Ѱӿâһ֪ⷽ縲ǵĴȻ粻һɲδΪκβõӰ졣
෴ڴкܹл벻ĺô
޿ɣǹɽڵ磬һ۾ﶼ̸ɫĴ֮ء
꣡
Ѱʶɨܣû쳣󣬸뿪¾ʹһƵ
ǵϸźһ㸯ҶѰԽż⽫ҶɨһѸĲʬӳҰ
ʬڴ˵ز֪£ޱȴ
Ѱȴݺһ𣬵һΪʬһ࣬һѸɺԷڵѪ֡
֤ɵΣڴ˵ݽ㲻
ּʲݣһһȴ֮ӡڵϣ͸¶޾ĲʺȻ
һλ۾ǰѪ飬˴Ŀľ
ѰٿƬİʱѴһĨ޵ľ衣
۾εǿ
ȴԼΪĲݽ棬ɽصգָǺεȵĿֲ
һ붼
Ҳ֪ʦǰʱġɽ˺εգղ飿
ѰԺȻֳһľ



1973 ɫС
ѰԺеһصɽ
ɽããΡֳ𡢲ȱưܵĿֲϢ
һɽľӡɵѰʱɸܵһֺѵѹָС
ɽܣ
ǵڼ΢ʱѰһӡ
һӡеľǺܾ֮ǰڵִɽۿĲɽӡ
ɽ֮ϣԴֻգɾɽ϶һ׮ͻرйص컯ͲУ
ĬĬסйزɽľѰɿ˼ʦ˵ɽеһЩԴܹһؽݵľлᣬҲܴˡ
֮ȥѰٲɽֻеִܹһӴͻرйص
Ƭ̺Ѱϡ
ಣ
ӰһʩչϢȫڱΣǰȥ
˴νɽľʥǿߣԼڣһˡ
٣ÿһſͬ۷ĸ֮һЩĺݽɫ
ҲζţһעᱬѪȶս
Ѱη塣
ؾУõǰ׽壬ɽΪ˶һرѰԲκα

нƬ̣ѿһ޴ĺɫѷ죬һȺģªѪɫݣһƬѪưзӶ
ȴѪɫƬͫ׳죬ںڣ﷢Ƶ˻ɲѪɫǵɢ
ԭǱٵѰʱͷ˷ӿ˳Ѫɫ޿ܣֻӲ
䣡
촫ɽʯľ촷ۣƲ㶼ɢ
ѰӰһģԾǿ
ѪɫӡŹİĴ֮糱ˮǣͷųܣɱѰ׼۾
֨֨
˻죬ªƵȺڣкɨǬ֮ơ
Ѱԥˡ
ȫսҲȺƱػΪĴͲֵˡ
ֱӳΧѰ͵һץ
ˡ
һֻɫۣһֻѪɫ֣ݺ߬˹
ͷҲؾȫߡ
ԶԶأأȺѪɫŭ˻Уؼصݡ
飡
·ϣѰָֻµըķѣѪ껹δŽͱһա
ΨһŲͭǮСӨ͸͸Ѫɫ׹䣬ѰһС
Ƭ̣ѰжϳӦһ̺ȴġڵ̷һֵǵҩ
ǣ⡰ڵеĴȫ粻һڼȡʱ򣬾Ͳʲôֵǵҩɱȡ
ֲ̫ǰ˵ɽдգҲŴԵֻһͷѣڵõĻԿһۡ
ѰڵĵУʱҪЩ
·;ϣѰСġ
ããɽӣ϶ԭʼδ֪أطܱܿʶĿ̽
ЩطܴǱδ֪գ
Ȼһ·ϣѰǺ˳ƵƵһЩպ谭
һеıСݣܹһ϶ı̽նɱܼ罣ֲޱߡ
֮ӲѰǱˣǴ򲻹ЩСݸɽҰɱꡣ
ʱѰҲûץһѱСݣһһģһſ̱ʯƵĲѣɢȻϢ
ѰʦִڸԼġٲݾ
ϧٲݾУҲδֱСݡ
Ѱȴӿһĳ嶯Ϊδ֪֮صɽҲܰʦֽٲݾһƣ
⣬Ҳ·ϵһ°ɣ
б̹ݣ罣Ҷ̣Ȼƣߣ
˲űʶǻۣ￿ȺɢĴٲȻоʥ۷֮
ʱһѣɽ֡
Ѱóһö򣬽ԼԽб̹ݵ֪һһӡϡ
д꣬Ȼһ˵ĸоľһ˿ĸо
ѰƬ̣˼ò䱾ʣ⡭ѵҲһ֮·
ˣʦֵ졾ٲݾ֮Ǳô
ب˵֮ԣд֣֪֮˭
һӣѰ˼翣ͷӿɻ
ãһԺЩɻ󱾾̫շֻл絮֮γ֮ʱ״𰸡
ϾǷ
˭Ҳ˵
ֻ̤۾ִԴżµĴʰصĲʱܳͨЩ⡣
·ϣѰʼʶضһЩδ֪֮ж塣
ǣǻɫº⣬ӿǳ֮࣬ҡҷǡǣǳѭ˻֮⣬Ϣɫζȴ̴ܴԪ񡭡
˻лʱ۳ǳ״Ļһö

ϣСͨӨףȺûɣһ˲ûŰɷԲ֮ս׺ɵֵұȫ֮Զܡ
䴥䣬Ө׾壬̾Ʒҩ

仯б̹֮ѣǣǻ֮֡

ѰƬؼ䣬һ·ϣ֪գܶζòǱӡ
üβ֮֡
һǾһʱһƺƵĺٿȻ𣬻һѩƥѰϯɱ
ǵ㿰ȵ۾ڣ
ѰΣգǺ֮ǰԶԶܿԻ˲
һΣһеĹŹֻɽԱߣǻɽ³۽ȣǧ֮أԽڿݽߣݲ
ֵǣΨǻɽ·һεСС֦ϣһӤƵģϥ֦ͷſ»ɽк۽
Լ䣬һĵ쳹
һĻۣѰһʱͶ϶һСһ׮컯
Ѱֹˡ
ΪǽڵĴϣϡɼһ߾ʬɵУ˲֪£ɲдš
һϣѰʱֲ
ûϴһ߾ߵʬǰȻһӵĵ۾ڣ
ǣ˴˵ء
һĻڵ䣬ǶѵصľӳĵһСԼ֦ϥӤƵжһֹͿ£
ʱѰһأȴ֣ɽڣʶеͨؾȫţ޷ٱ֪
ûκγɣѰŤͷߡ
뿪ʱԼһ̾Ϣǻɽ·Сϴ
һξ䲻ɱ٣ȴѰһ亹ʶ˹ɽĿֲͿ£


1974 Ӱ
֮䣬дֲ
Ųһʱ䣬Ѱȴоһ·պΣ֮࣬Զκʱ
һεСʱѰһθܵ־ԭ֮
ڵɽ֮£̣֦ͨӤͬϥɣ۽֮Ī⡣
ڵ½ڴ֮ǰʬѵأŲɴƶϣйֲ
֪Դأʡ޷֮
뿪ƬѰһСҲһһС
Ѱľٶӿһ˿ĸоƵģñ͸Ϳ顣
ʵϣһ·պΣһ·ҲΪδ֪ɽж͹ɡ
ǣǻб̹ݣϡ
ÿ¼һδ֪֮ľͻһ˿۵һδ֪ľڲ֪š
ֱʱѰȻһ
Ϊδ֪ɽﶨ壬ò䱾ʣ̾һϢľ
δ֪粻֣δţʶΪ䶨壬͵һδαʶ֪ȫµﱾʡ
⣬ͬһС
ѰһǿҵԤУҲֻδ֪֮أܹصľС
ң塱ӦԶ˼򵥣
Уľһ֮츳ľ겻ȣҲעڵ;ɾ͡
ľᣬ޶֮Ҳк֮ʱ
ҷɽԡ硯Ϊ֮ر֮ڣɴ˿ɼɽУľ֮ĥ
ʦָ豣ɽһԷ򣬿Ϊ޶ۣȴһֵˡͥڵ۵սУһٽ̫֮׵Ķѹս
ʮһʦ棬ũľګ׾ӣȴˡٲݾȭܺɱزؽĶɿɮ
ʣ£ʥ޵Сʦ֣Сʱһƶķޡ
˿ɼʦ𵱳ͽʱصĵԣ
һ˼ţѰһǰУ·ϲɱػպΣ
ľȴȻ仯
ÿһգԴδ֪ϡŹֵĲľ֮׺ݿµķޡ
򲻹ѰԶԶܿ
ù͹ò䱾ʣж塣
ľľһֿƶϲޱС
Ͳ˺ֵسУȴ޷Ӱ쵽ľı仯
ȻΣʱѰܹܵ־塢šѹ֡ľȴ侲ѩ
֪䣬Ѱڹɽʱ䡣
һ꣬޾޲ߣʶɽӣľõһεĳ
־ϲãջԵһУ
죬ѰһƬȺɽвãȻ㣬ʶв׽һϢ
ˣ
˲䣬Ѱжϣһ㱣Ҳɽ񣬵һͬ
һ̣ѰϢسǰȥ
һɽ᾵ɽţˮ
ŮһеڴϢеڵ̸Ҳеڷڣܶ
Ϊ׵ģһӣխӢˣͷһѩ׷ɽ˸ŴĿĺâ
ԶԶأѰֹһ۾ϳԺĵͥĺĴˣ
Ϊ׵С׷ڡʥʮģؾеıҲΪҫۡ
ʵϣܹʸɽģǾеľͬ۷֮ս
Ѱֹ֮Ϊ׷ڼϸֵѩ׷ɽɢһȦȦ򸲸ǡ
һðȻͻᱻһʱ
ʦ֣˴ǵĿģΪ˶ȡһرɿʦȴҵ·;ЩݵǿߣΣҲҪǻܡ
һŮӺȻѵԿʦֶԣȥǽһܱرҪ
׷΢΢һЦʦֹ֪Ǻĵͥ˴νɽǬͥĴˣҲȫԸǽһ
Ů̲סʦڣΪΣǽһǹԪͥˣʦŵ֮ѵˣŮ۶ѹ澡ʧ
׷ڳһʱһʱƲһˣȻҲȴڶԸһϣǺĵͥǬͥѴһµ
ŮӸҪʲô׷ھֹʦãŵ־ͼıʲô˭ֻ±ɡ
ԶѰ
ġǬͥĴˣҪһ¶ԸԼ
̫ˣ
ѵʦԹԪͥݳ֣ǣ
ԣ
Ѱʶһ⣬׷ڵ˵Ƿŵ£ǿѶһ֮˽ı֮١
˿ɼǬͥԸԼжҲյŵ
ͥΪҪԸԼһˣ
ѰиһĨᵽһֲͬѰζ
仹޷Ʋԭ򣬿ҿ϶ʲôѩǰ򵥣
ѵԼʦõĹԪͥݣҲѱˣ
ˣΪǻԼɽ
ѰԽԽоһεĹɽ֮УƺֻΪ˶ȡһرǰ򵥡

Զ׷ڼѩ׷ɽȻһ˿
ںͿʦϵˣߣǸжˡ
׷ھһ
£һҴҶȥ
׷ڣˣȻûвһӰڰ׷档
ԭѰǴһ˼ȥѰٲɽ䣬ȴòıƻ
Ҳ׷棬ô¡½л껨ƱػᱻǬġͥĺĴ
ԭͲò£޷ΪԽΪʣвԼˣ
ҲǴһ̿ʼѰӿһĨڵɱ
رȻҪᡣ
ͬģɱĵҲˣ
ҲڴʱѰȻʦ뿪ǰ˵Ȼڹɽб¶ݣҲ޹ؽҪ
ʱѰΪһԼĻ
ϸϸƷᣬȴʶԼݱ¶ˣ˭֪ܲʦҲԷɽ
ʦƺЩ
ѵʦʵѶ쵽һЩʲô
ˣʦӵеֶΣӦûΪ˽з׼ɣ
һ·ϣѰҲע⵽׷һ˷ɶʱһ·ֱײʶزűܿʱϧһȦ۵ǰС
˵ĸоͷ·ǶƬɽָƣ
ʵϣһ·ϣ׷ǵȷûһΣա
ԭˡ
ܿ죬ѰͲߣ׷ߵŮУһƹ׵ĺɫ̡
ϹӰãһöָΪ׷ڵָ·;
һ̣ѰòϣͥȻۺ޷
ǳδ֪ĪĹɽ
ɺȻЩͥ˽׼˸ֶΣб


1975 Ϭ
ʱ
һΡɽؼ䣬ɽһȼıѩһȼյĻɽʵһ̹ǵѩɽ
ǱѩѪȼ
ӦǳѩɽܾǰǺĵͥһλ澳ڴɽϣߢһʮÿһƬϣӡһͼޱȡ
ԶȼյĺɫѪɽ׷ȣ˵ǵͥλ۾֤ɵʱ̷һƬ꣬һٶɹ˾۽٣
һЩĵͥ޲̾
ѰԶԶţҲһĨɫ
ԭǰʱ򣬲ֹʦĵͥһλ澳Ҳ̽Ѱ
ߣʦǾڴɽϵǻϡ
̸ʱ׷һ˷Ӷ𣬳Զǳѩɽ
Ѱ

ѩɽɽһȻˮأڷӿıѩɢ̹ǵĺ
Ѹˮ֮ϣã̾һʮǵڴˣϧҵʱȴѿտҲ
Աߣĵͥ˸Լһƿռǳзĺɫѩ
һЦʦ֣ˮеĳѩ̺ŨޱȵĴ̷ҵҲǴ档
ûĿ⿴һࡣ
޺ıѩϣ˱ڵأͷɢһͷŭ
һ½һĽ
ѵȻеĳѩ˶ˣ߰Ķվǽһ
ѣҪɱɱֶҶˣ½ҧ˵
ݵһͳĵһˣȴ˱˿еļߣ½ޱ߷ߡ
Ÿ߸ϵĲмˣ˵ϴؾʱ򣬽һͿǧ塢У¹ǣɶԣ
½Ľɫ粻ǲףΪο¡
ȴԹԵ֮Բɱǣ޷ǽһһΡ
һӣ½ȫˣŭɫĿѣһǽն֣
ɣ
úĵͥˣʥĴڣֶȴ޳ܣЦ
ҧгݣƿڴ
ѲΪȻȱ𼤶˵ʵҶܵģƾͲʸһ
ԴеΡ
ѼϾ˼ҽһôҲǹԪͥĴˣǶأȴֻǵССطưԣϴؾ޽һǡܹӵнɽʸ񣿡
½ɫҵĳɬ
ԴǼ̤ǵϣȴȥΪԼϣѰǡȷûʸǰ
ʦ֡
׷һˣѼ
һĿ½ˣŪͼǽһĿܻΪƴȫֵð
½˵ɫˡ
˲ãʡΪҶˣýۣ½ҧгݵۿˡ
΢΢һЦ֪Ϊڲɱǣܼ򵥣ȼһʱҪ棬һңҪһһɱҵˣҪĴۣ
¶޾⡣
˵꣬ת׷ڵ˽еһߣǰ·ϣǷ˸ǣ
׷ָָڼϵѩ׷ɽһ·ϣһֱԡ̽⣬δʲô쳣
ѵ˵ͷ˾ͺãɽգɻһЩ취ܹܿǱһЩƵĺݽɫϣɾ鷳ˡ
׷ڵʦ֣Ϊնǽһ֣
ѴǷһĨζ֮ɫһһݲӣ޲ýʬΣҲԸӣصȫ߲֮С
׷ڲĪʦд㣿
ѵͷ˴ǺĵͥǬħͥӽһΪǬͥԴӿνǺ֮ǡ
˵⣬ȻʣǾãҽ͸ǬͥĻʸũ᲻һЩ
׷ڵ˽һ
赶ɱˣ
۾һڵ
ЦɽۻܲѴ֮ͽһֶΪ
׷̲סʦ֣ղŻ˵Ҫ֮ȼ˽һʱһһңô
ѹЦŻأˣ
˵ţԸ鷳һΣһ֮һƾĴɽǰʸũһˣȺǡ
ã
׷ڵûе飬½Ľһ뿪ѩɽ
ֱһ˵ӰʧڼԶһĨ֮ɫҲжˡ
ʦ֣Ҫǰǲɽ𣿡
ڿߣ׷ˣ¶ڴ֮ɫһرصĲɽУ
ɽȥ̫磬ȥ׷׷ʦǡ
ƿڡ
ʲô
˶ס
ָ֣̽⸡ֳһöˮεɫŴҵġϬԲκ쳣Ϣ
֮ǰ׷ʦǻʱϬͲһɻɬϢϢ׷ٶ
ͫתâһͷβļһȴҶǺĵͥĴˣλã˴󵨵һһ˭
һ
ѿڶ
пܣ
ѵͷϾͥĴ˺ǿطһ˼Ŷȡرϲܻʱѡԡ
ЩݵĽɫҲûԣһųƺֻʣһˡ
ŻȻһ¶֮ɫһһﾹĳˣ
Ⱑ
ղŵĴݾߣöԷˣҲ׷ʦ뿪һʣһԷǽһȻ׷ϡ
Цݱ䣬ɱӿѶ׷ʦܣѡڰ;ͣʱǴӺ󷽸ϣǡԺ׷ʦһγɰΧ֮ƣԷһ
꣬ڳ˶̾ʦܵ˼
߰ɣʱˡ
ҲһĨȣεĶľǽһԲѷɣ
һ˵·

ʱѰѴǰ㣬ԶԶ׺׷ڵ˺󷽡
ֻǣȴоЩԾϸ˼ȴ벻ﲻԾ
ˣȥ½Ľˡ
Ѱϡ
֮ǰڳѩɽϵһĻĻҲ۵ף䵱Ѷ½˰ٰʱѰеɱֹסӿ
֪һжΪԼǣۣ
ʦ֣ʦ֪ʸũһ˾͵Ⱥ֮ĴɽеģѵѺͻʸũȡϵ
أһѰע⡣
˵ǲŮӣ֮ǰƾһƹ׵ĺɫ̣Ϊ׷ڵ˴·һ·оյرܿΣա


1976 ͻأı
ֻǣѰ׼ȥʱȴȻ֣׷ںǲŮӿʼԴ̸
ڽ·ϣ׷һ˵Ľ̸ԴС
ƺڷʲô
ѰоЩԾˡ
ٵȥˡ
ɱսĥֱѰһ̣ԥ֡
ϢأһſŰ׹ýɵ鹭УĹϣһĨ̺ѪĹҡ
֣֧Ȼ֡
һ֧ͨѩףɢŰãã⣬䣬ԼĪĴָϸ׭˵ĵġ
⣡
һ֧ɢƵ⣬׭̡Ƭصġ
֧ĺ˴˺ӦʣϢļ¡
֧ǵѰɱһϳȡʱлõսƷһֱЯùһΡ
ͱĪһ֧λ̫šŴУޱȣɱҲǿޱȡ
ѰľѩϲʵѾȫԸ
Ŀֻһڵ˷Ӧ֮ǰһٽ½Ľ˾
սʱöַӦ½ΪҪЮǾ鷳ˡ

ô˵һ·ϣһֱ׷󣿡
ǰŮɫ粻
ʦɣ׷ǵļһǽһ
׷ݣɿ촫ԣǿҪһЩʱս׼ֻҪκη紵ݶһҪһʱȫ
ã
ŮӺӦһ԰ƣһһ״̬

ûãһӲԶһƬд
ɱ
׼׷ڵˣԵһʱ䶯ˣֵͱɱ˹ȥ
ͼϼ裬֮ʢɫ䡣
һ̣׷ɫһ
ͼһƬ󣬱ǧٿףˮŽľȼǵûм˵ӰӣһȺ͵ķɶ꣬裬ŭ˻
׷ڵͷڨڨʶˣӦҲһЩ
һĻͺণľԱƵġ
ˡ
Щɶ꣬һȭͷС̣ͨĴʱɫ۳
类ŭХų׷һ˳
ߣ
׷һͫһԥҪӶݣɽеɶֲ֮
Щɶ겻ۣɢϢȴޱȹɭ׷зë
ڴʱ
˺գӼԶǡðᴩʱն
ٶ֮죬ף
ǣ֧ڰνӣһںһ𣬼͸貣˲䱩һأһĵɱ֮Ҳ֮
ã
׷ɫ䣬ᵽһв
˿̣ǽһȺ̵ķɶ꣬Ļ뵽һɱٿ
̫ˣ쵽׷ڶȥѣһ
Զһͬ飬һ䴩ţ֮ըɺѪˮŽúܸߡ
ʦܣ
һҵľ
ɲǼ䣬ͻǺĵͥһĴˣͻһĻ޲
⣬ֻǿʼ
⡢ƬѰȫŲƣɱ
ϣ
ӳһǺӰ㴹䣬âǬնŮӡ
ಣ
̫籩ϯգ׷ڡ
Ѱֱһ۵ӣУ½Ľˡ
죡
̫ˣ
ѣһֱһ
ˣ룡
Ӵȫ⣬ָǲΣҪѰ֮ǰɱе½ˡ
ɱģѰһָ
ͣ
һĨҫ۵âָӳҲմɱȥ
ậ֮
׽츳ͨ
ۣ
üģϢһѪԪɲǼͱ̴Ĩ
Ƽ䣬ͷŵԭֻһܻɱ½ˣҲڴʱ֮ɢ
һɵڵأͫףɫдŭȻ
Ƹû뵽˿ֲ
ʱѰѽ½Ľ˾¡
¡¡
кϣضԭƬһȺɫɶ꣬ϷܵµĲӰ䣬ҽ
ŮӰǱĵˡ
׷˻ƴȫŻǴ˷ɱ̫ҲˣѪܵĽۡ
һ֮ǰûӦֱ˿̲ŷһŭޱȵĴУϡ

һУת˲䷢ת˲Ļ쵽˲˼ĵز
˶ʱѰȺˣ֮յؽ½Ľ˾¡
ǵѸݡԵɱ̬ƬǬ
֪ܹɽǿߣһѰ֮ڴ˿̣ȴѰɱһ벻
һֵʱ׼ޱȣ
սȫԸͻϮɱУµ֮ͬˣûܵס
һȻϣ
׷ڡŮӺһӻһɫޱȣŭɫ޵ҧ
֮ǰǿɶһֱھͷɻû뵽ΪһȺı̷ɶĳ֣õץס
֣㾹ˡ
½ĽΰĲʵС
䵱ǵģѰʱ˶֪ĵĸмͲоԼǸûõ׸۵Ѱһٶðվǡ
òңΪңλɿܻᱻ˶Դ
Ѱ̾һ
˵ĺã
أԶһͼѴĵͥĴˣŲն
磬ɨѰ̾ƣΪ˾ϧ¶ټ嵨˫
ŨŨķ̡
һ˵ִ׷ڵ˶Լͬ˿ǱղѰͻȻϮһĻŵˣǲǶûеȥѰԿ
ԭʶҵټ
һĻѰĻ᲻ףǳѩɽʱ򣬿ѿ¾ѿԼ١
֮ǰ׷һˣ޷һնˡ

Ѵ˸ָɫζ̵ζϧһα˵ˣԼСҲҪˡ
ƾǣ
Ѱ䣬Ȼɣ䱻ǰΧȴ塣
Ѹ°ͣƿڣţұȸ㣬ΪȲˡ
˵ţطһƻɬ
飡
ϢأĽٿȻըѪɽȾպ͵棬Ŀġ
Ѱһ޴һ
һ޷ݵıƺͷŭ۽緢嶼ŭ΢΢
ˣ
ԼƤ£ɱˣ
һ˲Ѱؾʱ˳͹ɽ˱ͻϮԼǰ̭һĻ
ʱͬޱȣҲ˳Ǳ̭Σա
ڡ
ĽԼǰͻأرˣ


1977 ȥ
Ľɫ䶼Ÿм֮ɫȻûʶͻȻ١
ԼûԤϵġ
ҲѰȼ
Աߵ½סɫòˮʪĽжţӿ־塣
⡭
ô£
ͼЦ˵㿴һµһˣζǲǺܴ̼
̬УϷʣĺĵͥ˽Իһ£Ҳû뵽ѵֶ˹ܺͲб
ѰӿĪĺſѣұ֤ף
һһ䣬ƽ͸һļµļݣ
һΪ㲻Ҷ֣޷ǵģǸҲͻȻһըˣԷ񣿡
ѰĬˡ
ȷڵ½İΣ
½Ȼһ˵֣ԭҸûʸʲô飬ڣֻһ¡
ѰӿһĨõԤУ£
ȥ
½һһ٣֣˵üأɫҲࡣ
ЦߵͬҲЦýһȥ

ΨѰһ½˼
½Ŀ¶һĨ񣬡֣ΪҺĽЩĶ֣ȻҲޱεģ
ৣ
͵س巢⣬ɢս⣬һȼյĴգ˿ѡ
Ѱ̧ͷȥ½һԨĺУӿһĨ˸кʹ֮ɫ
½Ǹᡣ
һʼ½ĽѲ˿Уѡ
ֻһ
ֻǣ˭ѡ
Ѱ˫Ȼָ߬һס
֪
ԶŨŨ֮һɬ䡣
飡
һɲ½һĨҫۡ貵Ĺ⣬Ӱа䣬Ѫˮ顣
ȥ
ǰأ˻صǬ
ɶ˻޷ˡ
ЦζĿ⿴ԶѰһǲǸоԼܣ
ĵͥ˶Ц
ৣ
Ѱ̧ͷĿɨȫտ½ĵط
½֣֣ҽѰûǰҵ֣ĺˡ
ͳ͸޾Ȼ
ʲô
͵أѵһ㶣ʶʲôԶ¶֮ɫ
Ѱ
ǵǸһ
⡭
ܣ
ףȻֻһͼԶѰĿѿ
ֻǣĿѱõĮ飬ĴԨ˶ɣ
֣
ѱȣһѤõĽɫꪣ״
ɱ
׷ڵ˺ԥһ֮ǰǣϷʺģʵԴ
ѵһ£ǽԶˡ
¡
ɽսӡ¯ޱȵʣֲֿܻܣк¡
ͬʱһɱĵһ֯ǵƵģѰ
ЩˣΪĵͥĴˣʥ׾ٵҵǵ֣һâҫۣսΪͬеĿ
ǿѣʥĴڣһ½֪ľ
˿ȫǵ׾ٵغɱ׼ۣ
ƬغʮԲɽӲľ촷ۣϢӳֲֳֿ
мĵ쳹
Ѱûܣûкˣ۽㱬ķŭͺ⣬̺ˮȻ
䣡
ӭڷ⣬ҫۣԼɫת
ǰ׽߷֣
ѰһƬĵ֮ҹ֮ĻգûƬ񷣡
飡
ӭһͭ󶦣δУ׹ӡ
𴫳йǿĴ󶦣ֽ㣬ݺ飬Ȼը
Զһĵͥ͵ؿѪɫȻ
š
ıܽ㣬ѹƣɬ޷
ǵˣԿɲѹ֮û
һʱ䣬ϡ
⡭
ܣ
춯ȫ
־ŭľû뵽Χ֮µѰսȴ֮Ϳ¡
һ̫ɽںƣ֮޿赲
ɱ
һ˻𣬻Ӷɱ£ɭɭʣ֮ʢԾ
ɱﵣȫԸһ
ѰҲָһ֣

飡
ͬĽԱһָ飬ķѣѪ
Žտսһĵͥ˱У
һĻÿƤһɫѿҲŭɫɱӿ
ϣ
һŮһķĽɫӡ۵ϢֳһͼͼУӰ֣ɢɱϢ
Ȼһ׵۱
ѰһͬһöͭӡۣɵֶȴӿֳһĿֲ
Ǳ飬촷ۣɽ㡭Ϊϵĵġ

֮£
䡪
۵ӡײҡضǬ
òŮӺȻǣǿɱﵣһɫĵ۵ӡǱȫѹƣײаҲƿأݺݵҷɳȥ

ŮӼУҪӱܡ
ӵˣ޳屻ӡһǣֱӱҳһѪԪ񶼱ұ
ʱѰɱһˡ
ӰԡУħУ֮աϼԱûһա
ֱڣκιƿ򣬸˵ȥ˺Ѱˡ
ǰǿ󣿡
ĺг
һ̣Ѷ¶֮ɫɫѿ
ֵǿ󣬷Ϳǧ塢ˣҲܷ׷ױ
ѶսͬޱȣҴ˴ǰɽʱЯɱﵺͱ֮
Ϊ˶ڣԽѰɱ
˭룬սʱѲŷ֣Լǵ͹֣
ն
Ѳʣ׷ŭӶɫꪣնѰ
Ѱȭ֮Ӳ

춯صײУӰһΣĵˣ־ʹ飬ȫ⣬һ˽ɫꪶֶɡ
һÿѳһ£һһ£ԼսҲϲǶˣ
кȻƽ
ۼѰɱһҧͷ̨֮أٿӳһڲŽɫɽ
ɽϣ׭̡˪֡
һ֣һɾ춯صĿֲɢѹȵøնȻը
˪ɽȻһ۽
ಣ
һ̣ͻأسѰͷ֮أһն£ȫӿռ֮谭
ɲȿѸˣͼ˪ɽȴһ˿ɬѰסһ˲
һӣҪ
ǿһĵ۽ǺĵͥһλϹŶͣնɱնǬ֮
ڣȴԷĵ֮סˣ
ֻǵסһ˲ҲԵ̫˼飬˭ţĸʥܹĵУס۽ɱ


1978 ʶ
۱ֻڵ۾Уܷӳܡ
ɼˣһʥڼһ۱ʱӳҲĿɲ
ͺñһʿһУȻսҡ
Կľʵһ۽䲻ԷӳȫܣҲɱ׼۾ˡ
ɴʱ
Ѱȴƾ֮򣬵ס˪۽һ˲
Ѹеĵط
Ҳһ˲ѰԴӡԿѵһ죬ֱӽǲ糤˪۽ɳȥ
죡
򣡡
ɫ࣬Ʋа㣬ٶ˪۽նɱ
˽ӿռ谭ٿٿȥĪ⣬޿ѭ˸޷׽
ֻǣѰͲᣬ߶򣬼ӡǿƹ
һʱ䣬۽͵ӡ棬ֲذձ
˪۽ܿͳŲסӡҵ죬ϣڽڰˡ
˪۽ĿѹòѪɫ䣬Լ۾
ʲô۱ǿͿɲ
֪˪۽̵۵ӡźĵͥһλ־ͽ⣬Ѱɱȡ
ҲԼɱﵡ
ڣ˽ȫһɱѹŴļƣλĵͥĽ￴Ѫɡ
ȥ
أ׷ɱͬʩչɱﵣһɫͭﵣͷѰ
䣡
ͭʱֱʮɽѹȶ£Ю޾۵ΰڹתޱȾˡ
֮ﵣ
һȱĹŵ۱вȱɿֲޱߡ
˲ѣֱӽѰĻݣѿ޴ѷ졣
ɫͭѷݺݳѰ£
ȴһëӻѰУᦻתͷ׵⡣
ЩѤõĵ⣬λ翣ɸ˵ĸо
ÿһƵ⣬һԿٵصϽ
ͣ
Ѱ󶶶һƬӻӳһ˲ƥĽɱ֮ơ
ɱĺɫͭﵣ˲ֵ͵һһһƬõɳȥ
ܣ
׷һҲеš
۱
Ŀ⿴Ѱеӻʱ඼ݺݳ鴤һ£һ۱һһͿɲ
ɱһɱ
ѴȣʶЩ
¡
սˡ
ǿѡ׷ڵˣԸҲ˽ɱﵣǵ۱ǽɰط
ǺεطԱѰĻһһƿʢĹ׷
Ȼ˪۽֮ȵ۱ҲѰԴӡʹ޷ѹơ
ԶԶһһ˱䱻Χɾ򷨲֣
ÿǽԾŭӣʶζֵļֺͿ¡
ң
ûãһֵļ쳹
һӶѰһȭ򱬣Ѫٰɢ
ѾǿսѰеĵˣ
ټ֮ǰʱ򣬱Ѱ鹭ͷâ̻֮ɱˣѾĵͥĺĴ˱ɱ
Ҫ֪˴νɽǿ߲ŲһˣĵͥĴˣֻռһСֶѡ
һӱɱʧѿˡ
¾ǺĵͥȻУ̤ʥʥϵĺĴˣҲޣÿһ޷صľ޴ʧ

ѳ޷ŭȼź˵ɱȫɱޱ
ȴá
Ϊ½ĽѰĻ޾ŭͺޣһսѺޱ
۱
С
ɱﵣ
ͬҲС
ƴսڽ֮ݵԲز֮ǰһ֮ѹͿǧ塢Щʥǰʮľ
Ѱѳɹ۳˻ѽһݵ˴˾ļԲزĿܻηս
ɱ
磬ɱؼ䣬ɫĮûκΨУɱӿš
УֹǿѹҲѹƵñһǱѡ
ûãѰͻأһ壬ٿһڴԨ칥ɡ
ͬɵģĵͥˣ

ʦ֣ȾңȾҡ
ֵĴвŸ쳹Ȼֹ
¡
ŴԨתֲ˵ӰһĥѪģʧڴԨ
ĿôĻѵ˻ðëȻղһĻֲ̫˵
ߣ
أһĻɫŷһɬתһС
һ̣Ӱԭʧ
ӵô
Ѱ䣬ʶһ֪һ̣Ųգһȥ
ƬػָžֻǵֳưܵĻ󣬸Ѫˮ棬Ŀġ
Ƭ̺һȺӰƬ
Ϊ׵ģȻԾľϣһϮۣ·ˣо֮緶
һÿֲս
ϻЯǿĪĵ۱һ˸ǵġ
ĵͥε˿ɲСãҵǿգһԩ޳Ҳźʹ˽𡣡
ǲܣرʱĿܲƴһ
۲ѣ֮ǰսǵע⣬ִƬʱǡѰһѹѵ˵ĳΪ֮е𺳡
ΨһڳĬ
죬һ֣ߣȥɽ
Ǭ䡢ͥѴһµľȫԸضԸѰ
£Ѱ
ȻѰչֳս֮ǿҲевѹɲѰ
ΪǬͥһʸũͥһģ

һƬѪɫ
һ˵ӰֶܲΣպһظƵĳ˿
ɫѿ
һΣǰ̫ܵˣ
Ľһ߸ʦֵܣֱôң
˷ŭ۾ˡ
ǸĶ֣ս̫ˣµ˶е
˲֮ǰѪȵһĻĻأ¡
ǽһ
һһ٣зĺ⣬ѰǸУֵ췭ظͽǡȫƭˣ
£֮ĻѰּһҹ֮䣬쳹ǿչŵ֮ϣ֪ٴ֪ǿΪ֮𾪡
ǿյһͨ
һЩ۾ﶼΪΪУһɵ۳컯
ֻǣȥѰ˼˭Ҳû˵йκϢ
˭룬ȴԽһݣճ
ȥֻ¶ҪΪ֮𶯣Ȼ󲨣
ǹԪͥĴ𣿡
̲ס
ЦԪͥĴΣݱ¶һ̣ע£ݲٻȥ
˵⣬͵ʶʲô૵ԭˣˣֲǺĵͥǬͥڶԸⲵϣһµľЩϹǣѿһݡ


1979 Ѫȵ
ϧ
ѳһ֪̾һΣ֪ӵһ׮ɵ۳컯Σ
Щ˵ǻһҲǶְ
һ˵ıӿϿͷһöһö׭̡䡱֣һö׭̡Ǭ֡
Ȼòұ㣡
ҧ͵ö
飡飡
Ĺ⣬ȥ

һƬɫɽؼ䣬ʸũһǬͥĴˣСС
ͼ׼أǰʱ䣬ִܵɽĸأ˵еһɽͺС
ʸũһеһϾᣬڴ֮ǰҪСһЩ
˽Եͷ
ڴʱʸũһһһöӿֶɢȵĹػԡ
һʶӡӿֶ
һʸũâһѰֲãֲð
һĿ⿴ˣжб䣬ȥҺĵͥĿһˡ
ΪΣ
˽һ
ʸũ΢΢һЦɽĻԵȷܹ˭һɵ۳컯ߣ

Ѱԭһ
һƬɫĻĮУһϮ£һͷ׷ҲõϢǳγˮƽ羵УһĨĳȡ
֮ǰӵгΪ׼۵ĵ̣֮ѹƾ絽޷Ϊ˽ɽıһɱ֮
ɽ׼֮أ
Ȼ֤ɵۣ
һ컯بӴ񣬲֪˶پȥΨȴáԵ񣬿ɼȻˡ
ЦЦǾһԣһ컯˭ʸȥӵаɡ
תĿ⿴ߵͥˣȥѰһǿҪһ𣿡
û˷ԣͥľǺĴеû˻Υ־
ãǾ߰ɡ
ĵ˵ͷǰУ¹ʤѩ׷˪ɿ

Ѫɫ
ѾȺţϢѷȥޱţʸũĵ֪Ѱʱػǰ
ʦ֣Ǿȥ
һʵ
ǹɽպɱ޴ڡ
ǴʱƬѪɫ֣ƲûʲôΣգʱˣ˭ҿ϶ᷢһЩ⣿
Ҫȥ
ϵıֻһ飬֮ǰѾùˣ뿪˵أٷʲô⣬ô죿
˽ԳĬˡ
˭ľܲһҲǣ֮ȴǽһһɱĶӣ˭ܺˣ
һһ˵һǽһҵ
Σ
ѶȻɫѵǱƵ˲ɣ
Բҿˡ

Ҳڴʱһ̶ĹƿװžĹͻȻ쳹
ã
Щĵͥɫ䣬һΣϮԥͳԶܡ
䣡
ԭڵλãһʸñ飬ľҽرһɲĿ
ͬʱгʹĴȴһĵͥʱʸУѪⶼ˺ѿѪʣ׹¶
ǽһ֮ǰɱʦܣ
׷ڴУ¶֮ɫ
һӣ˽ɫ䣬ǽһ׷ɱˣ
ȷˡ
ҧгݣ͸޲
УһöϬ֣׽һ쳣ϢڴӼԶԾ˵ٶȿ
ֻǣÿѸûõǣѰ֮죡
ߣ
ѹ˲ȥĺͻʸũ׷ڵȫӶݡ
ৣ
ʱһʸٶȱɱƮֿò˼顣
Ųҽ֮ǰʱ˺ѱǿߣξûǰˣһ
ʦܣ
ǷߵĴУգۼ䣬һˣѪȵǶҪ
ܵٶȿɲԽƴƵģΨٲ󳾡
ѪɫУѰӰ˸죬֮ǰıĪż׷ȥ
ɫϲƽÿ£ľһֱһľأ͸侲ѩ
ܹԼķŭ⡢Լɱֵֻӳľڣ޷ľһ˿
Уߺȼ羵
һΣѰŹѵˡ


Ѫɫ֣һ񷢷һŲգȫ
ֻǣÿнԺ̤ܲʵѹ֡ţȴָеޱȵķŭͱ
ʲôʱܹȶԴ
ǱֻȮ
ʦ֣Ǹӵ
˽ѯʣӰͷǶޱȴѹ
ȥɽ
˻
ֻȥɽܽһ׷ɱΪǿ߳û
ʱǽһѰǼһﻹ׷ɱǣ
οġʸũȻڸ·ϣֻҪټһʱ䣬϶ܻǰ

ֻǣûãװĹҺٶؼ쳹
ģһƥļʸЮ貵ĵ⣬
ѵͷƤ飬ðȫܵͬʱԶطͱ
䣡
ĺУһĵͥ˱ݺɣǰֱðǣѪһ󷭹
ûϴŵһɫУסһ
ɵӦӶʱȴһεӰǰ·
ѵˣӵ˼Զûκγ־Ĵ㡣
ͷԷɣ
һ˵ľӿͷ˷һҰް˻𣬳Ѱ
һҺƴ
û˵꣬Ȼֹ
ͷ­Ѱһšֶһ࣬Ѫúܸߡ
飡
ѰӰ뿪ʱͷʬźȻ׹ء
ʦ֣ʣˡ
Զе׷ͷɢУһ˿ǻ㣬͸޾ıߣһڵľ֡
Ŀѣҧټһʱ䣬ǿ϶ܻȵġ
ʵҲ飡
ʼʱѰΪ̸ЦΪʤȯգѰɱ½Ľ˵ĵԸ
ǺĵͥĺĴˣʥĴڣǵһҫ۵һǳ
ɴʱȴǱɥ֮Ȯɱֻһ·ֻߵͬһھȥ
ζĥÿѶ
ЩڲʵȥѰԵУϧ˵ʲôѾˡ

յ蹦ϤĹҺٶ𣬾ԵĴ
һΣڿѡ׷ߵĽʣһˣҲɱ
˵ıķֽ㣬͵סǼʸֱͬ屻һ𶴴ڰը
ԶԶһһɺѪɫ̻ڿš
һ̣׷㣬˻УһʼǾͲӣ¾һֵֿҲϲ㣬һ·Уͽһһɱ


1980 
׷ڽ˹˻𣬾緢й㣬ʧ̬
ŵˡ
һһͬʦֵܣ·;һһɱѪȵ׷ѿ־嵽ٱĵز
ӣֻĸ죡
ѵмɫҲޱȣҲеš
׷ڲһǣأԻܱһ˿侲
ΪʲôΪʲôҪһͽ
׷ʧǡ
дףܹڵ;ӵн֮ɾ֪ͣٵѪŬ
˭ľʹ

ϤĹٶ
һѣȴǾ֮׷ڻһ˻Ͷɱң𡭡
Ȼѳױʲô־ʲôϣͳͳ˲ˣֻ
ﻹδ˵ꡣ
һһʸ嶴Ѫɸߡ
ġ
ʾֵУ׷ըѪɡ
ʼûлͷԶԶӶݣ㹻׷ڣһôˣֻᵢԼӶݵĲ
飬ѿ׷ڵľˣȻǱ£һҲעʹɢ
ಣ
ѰӰ׷ĵط佫𣬱ٶȳ׷ȥ
У鹭ɢ˵Ϣ

һѰгɵ۳컯˭ɱ֮˭ɵã
һ·ӶУѲ˻Уظ仰ԶԶɢ
ѹ˲ֻʣһˣҲеҪҪ
׷ں󷽵ѰɫĮȻݱ¶㱩¶ɽ޾κˣ
أ˶𣡣
һȺ֪һݣƵ𣿡
һ·һ·˻𣬿ȴٳٲ˲ֽÿѶҪܵǰδе
磬ƾĵͥĴ˵ݣ˭ǣ
ɴʱȴ׷ɱ˶һĻ˿ǶԼ۾

𵴵ٶ
ܵвĿѺԥ˪۽֮յؽͻأɱһס
飡
棬ԱŽ
޿ƥаĿֲ˪۽ݺݻɣӰһģ۵ؿһ˪۽ջǹֱӶݡ
ѰӰ֣һͽ˪۽ȡѹ֮ڡ
ͬʱ鹭ٶһ
ԶӰУԣȴԭϸǵһɫУסһ
ǿɲĳȴÿߵķݣݺݷɳȥڱѪ
еš
ʵȴܲǼʸֻһֽͣѰеĹҲǵ۱
ѰһϹţɱңȻܻ뿪߳ɽʱҲ꣡
˻ʱӰǻһͷʰ쵵Ŀȸչ˺գŲƣٶȱ֮ǰһ

شģѰһճƵģԲ˼ٶȱ
ͼɫתݺһˢǽһóһ˿ɬ
ô˿϶оյرܿһ٣ٶȷӴܡ
ѰֻҪһΣҿѷģٲΪУΣ
С
ѰûָһĨѪĹҡ

ĪƬһ
ѳɫ䣬ȫɫȼհ㣬ͷ׵Ĺ⣬ȫ赲
飡
ɱһƬɫԾҷ
ţɱޱȵɫԶʱ֧ŲסȻ顣

ʹ쳹屻ֱӴ׹䣬ûлӶˡ
ৣ
ѰӰŲƶ䵭Į׹ڵأȻԡѪǱ֮Ŀѣ³֣
̼𣿡
һ仰ÿ߷
֮ǰɱ½Ľ֮ϷʶĿǣѯѰǲǸоܴ̼
ڣѰͬķʽкݺݵͼ̤
ģҲˡ
Ѱ˵ʱһӣ׽
ʲôĿѣۿѪ
ѰȻ˵ϵĴѪᣬġɫ𡯣ͷųĪɫ⣬ԣҴȰë
㡭
ѶͷǣѪֹһԼʲôˣһֺϣ
⣬һûƷʥĿȸ⣬Ҳ֪ζˡ
Ѱ仰ʱ׺䶥ɵˣһﾹԼΪʳ
ŭ˻𣺡Ѱ㲻úŰɣܷ߳ɽעɣ
ֻ֪϶ڣȥʼžۣһȸƲζ
Ѱѹڡ
ֱѹʱѻûѰе˼ʲôкʼžۣ
Ϊ֮ʣܿǰȣ˭룬ȴһĶ
һޱȵĲڴ¶޾ʧͷߺޡ
̧ۣͿԼԶһޱ貵ɫԱѹš
ȻˣɫɢϢɿֲ̺֮ߵĴ۾
Ǻˣ
Ѿɲ
ȻǸԼʼ涼ϵˡ
һʧһҵĸо
ʼ棿
µʼ̫ʱպĶۣߴ֮ף˭˲֪
ֻǣȴû뵽Լѹʱʼ档
̫˼飡
ţһ˵ĿϲӿϿͷеھңھң
ԭֹǸǸ׳ա
۵һĨȻĪ
͵ɫڣòҲǡ
˵⣬ѻðѴ¶϶ԼλҲԼһͬĴ
ܣ
ϻѹڵı
Ѱ˭Ϊеıһһֲ
ʱ䲻ˣ֮ʣȴһСĪڤڤ⣿
۵𣬡ˣǾͶһѣɣɽܡ޷һ
һڣҪʲô
ɻشģһƬĿޱߵɫԣ˶ûУꡣ
Ҫ
˻ʶԼλڣҪԼСᣡ
ɽ˲䣬ʶԪȫ飬Ǳռݣǳױˡ
̣͹Ҳû
ӣܹΪһ飬Ҳֵý𣬹ɹˣñǰһ
豣ָʱɱһзɽ
ѴЦֻǴ˿̵Ŀѱһˣ͸һԾŰİ
飡
һ֣ݺѹڿϣĲҽУɵǣƵĳ鴤
ͬʱѰڴ
϶ղŶʱѾĹʣһ˵ûˣΪλ˸ˣ


1981 Ϊβ׷
ڴڵһĻĻѱѰ۵ס
䵱ڱȫѹ£ѶʱѰҲһ
ŵ˵ǿѣѰǺԲ룡
ѰҲע⵽ڶϢѰԼƾ׶
ˣʲôʧȥ֮䱻ѹڴˣҲ˭ɱ˵ġ
һ۶Ŀ¶һĨЦˣѹʮ꣬ҲҲá
ž
һޣݺݳڶϣֱð亹ɾӲҧס
һӲ΢ЦɣĥжأշɽЩͻжң
ƽȴļ¡
һ̫ž֤Ϊ۵ľɣΪ֮ףȻһĵ۾ɱȡ
˵ĻȻʮ㣬޿ɡ
ף۾֮ԸһĹµĻᣬԹϣԴһ컯
дһ˿ֱĵջ磬һ²ȫԴ㣬ִܣ
ÿһ֣Գֳһִϣ컨׹̺Ĥݣ۷
ӵλĵ۾Ӳʱֳܹӽ컨׹ع
ڣ۵ʹһƮѰĺ֮ϡ
öҲΪпʢʱƾһԴǣһЩ۾ͶأΪԼЧ
˭룬µĽգȴҪֶΣȥһͲеСȥ۷
ǳ̲Ҳˡ
һ뵽⣬Ʋסɱ豣֮ѪϴɽͶԲסܵĿѣ
ţ
ۺȻоЩԾôԼĻСӾһ㷴ӦûУ
ҲڴʱѰ𣺡֮ɹģ϶Ǵ֮밵ңֱȡ裡
͸źεļ
䣡
Ѱģһɱµ⣬һޣŶۺݺݱ̢ƤͷѪڵϳ鴤˻вѡ
СΪһ¶ûУ
ŭš
絶ն¹ᱻ֮Ӱ죿
ѰЦ
ʵҲһ亹֮ǰʱ˶۵Ļʶһ˿㱣ľҡΣ˰㡣
ҲҿǰЩ죬һ·ڹɽԶɽķʽõľõ˽һĥŵ˶۵
򣬺룡
ҲѰʶ˵۾Ŀ£۶ʦѹʮ꣬⣬ò˶ãͻᱻĥԪ飬ɵ
ɾĴ֮£ܶԿѶᣬԼа㣬̫ˡ
飡
̢󣬿׶ò׶Ŀѵǣֱӱѿһ̲Ѫ⡣
Ԫ±ѹĥʴöģ
ﶼ˵ˣ
ò˶ã϶ͻᱻ
ѰƲ⡣
ûЩѰ˿ܣתŲƶȥʧƬããؼ䡣
½֣֡ΪǱˡ
·ϣѰૡ
һսǰշתһʱ½˰ѡ׷ڵʮĵͥĴˡ
սѿҫ֮
ѰȴһҲ˲
¾ɱ˿ѵΣ
½Ľվˡ
һطúûָһˡ
Ѱһѹз˼ģһΣȻ
֮ǰһսݿʤƵƵ鹭Ҳļ
оʥΪҵۺޱȣͳŲڡ
ֻǣ뿪֮ǰѰӺȻһɨܣλɢȥɣ󡣡
˵գ̧ųǰȥ
򣬰һϢǱнƽĿһУ֪һ˵䣬ؽʯ쾪ޱ߾κˡ
Ѫȴ¼ҲڸǲˣȻһʱ䴫ȥ
ĵͥһΧһһȴ¾һգҲעȻ󲨡
һѰζţһ׮еĳɵ۳컯
ˣûһ˶ɱˣһǲѰɶ˭ǵġ
ôоһսһļʱ׷ȥ˭׼ܼˡ

У
ѡ˱ܣȥĻԵҲȥᣬⲻѰ֣ǵˡ
˾岻ԥѡ
ҲȻȥ
˴νɽģһǵһľʥڣһЩԸ֮Ŀܻᱻˡ
ѰҲע⵽һĻüͷ΢΢һ壬ûᣬǰС
һΪż뿪һģ
̲סˣӼԶӰ
һǿףͷǺڣ䣬䲻
Ѱûᡣ
ɫһļŲסˣ˵ˣ
Ȼһ
ɾڴʱ
Ѱת乭һǳɡ

һĹ⣬֮է֡
ɫ䣬Ļ뵽ѰһԲϾͶ֣
ԥܣӲΪ֮ǰѵ˱ɱһĻĻɱһһ۵ףѰйĿֲ

һҽ𣬾֮УһӰͻȻֳķѣѪ䡣
ĿһĻ׵꾪һ亹Ȼ֮ǰȻǱڰѰ֡
룬ȴѰһɱ
ٸǵ³
Ѱ仰ǰС
׵ɫòֱĿѰӰʧҲû׷ȥ
ڰУһ׷Ѱǿߣڴ˿ҲϨжֵĴ㡣
ûãӲͬһˣԼʸũһҲ֪˿ϵ˱ɱϢ
һʱ䣬ԶеһͳԾ
ѡ׷ڵʮ֣һһУս̫ˡ
ʸũɫ𲻶
ǬͥˣҲľɣе˼顣
˲Ϣ˵еĵ۱ҲֹһеĹֲޱߣûлŵĿܣʸʦ֣ҪҪ׷ˣ
ʸũߣ׷Ϊβ׷֮֮ɾһսأǻɱʱ
ߣ
˵ţʸũչж
õϢ͵һʱͼııѰһ׮ɵ۳컯
񻹲֪Ļرһһ׮ھץסĻԵ
ңʸũȷһս֮󣬴˿̵Ѱע۷ʱǰǿ


1982  ᱲе
ڵ֪ѰսʱֻǳγﷺһĨ˵
ӣΪᱲ
˵仰ľЦһַĵ΢ЦҲͥ˲Цݡ
ΪǵӡУһֱǸµˣҰһ㣬޹Ұġ
һּįȻߴʤĸо
ڵģȴǰ㲻һ
ͷ·ǧżȣ֪һڶϲúͻ䡣
ʦ֣Ҫ׷𣿡
ͬġ
֮ƽһ˴ʱԣȥ
ƿڡ
û˱֮ͬ۷壬һɿĿ֮ʱǺε֮į
Ķԣڴ֮·ϣֵÿ飬޷ǰ˸֣
֣ţ
£Ѱı֣һ֡£ᱲеСĸо
߰ɣҪú׼һˡ
Цת
ѾܾúܾòΪս׼ˣΪưʥһֱĶˡ
һһ׮ɵ۳컯ɲҪ󡭡һܣ

˽ǿǵһμĻ˿һ֣֣һǶûԤϵˡ
һ

硣
֮ɽһࡣ
ɽʱ䣬ѹȥ졣
ʱ̫ҡŮ۵һڵ۾Զ֮ϣ̸۵
ǰһŰ빡
ϣһյյɢͭơ
ǸŴ˵ơ
ƳŽǹɽĴ˻š
Ϩ
żϨʱͻһĿƹƵĴҪôɫҪô¶ݡ
ΨͥʮսЩ۾Ϊ´˵ƣϨ
ʱ㣬ڣЩ˶ԽǲɽС
ƶϡ
ǹԪͥĴ˽һһյƶûУҲ֪Ƿ񻹻š
ĵͥľӡսۺȻڡ
һ仰һڴɫԱ΢
һ
Ԫͥˣ
ֻǣ˽Ļ˶޷ֻһӰˣʵϣѳΪһ籩ۣ֮
ģ϶ϼһøá
˹
ӡս͵ЦңСĻ˵̫Լ
üûп
ղԾ˭𡰽һԴһ΢ķӦ
Щطˡ
ĬĬ㣬ľ磬ԤײѣҪݳһЩ࣬Ҳǲܡ
ֻǣһεʱȴݺһ𣬹Ѱ飬һ㶼ݲ
ͺӰйѰ֣أ޾ı
Ȼ⣡
ɲĵ⡣
𣬵λĳҪ뿪һЩӣȷʱλ̸۵
ΪҪߣ
ӡս۹㲻ڴ˵أһǽһǻ
зâ˸Ҫ˵ʲôͼ
ӡսǰϣһյƺȻϨ
ӡս۵Цݶʱ̣ϳһյƣĵͥĴݡ
ӡ϶㻹ǶĲǺĵͥ˰ɣ
ҶʱЦ
ڳ۾ҲĿѣеȣŽɽѣкĵͥĺĴˣ
֪ȺĴÿһи֮ɣֻһԺĵͥȻԣҲһСĴ
ɽεգ鷢Ҳҿɴû˵Һĵͥˣκһ˿Σա
һӡս۵Ȼ
ɻ䣬ϵһУϨһյ
һ£ȫĿⶼ¶ɫ
̲סִЦǺĵͥΣտɲһĴ󰡡
ӡսߣ˶ѣҺĵͥеò˵
ҲƲѣͥУƻϨΨǺĵͥߣȴ½յϨ
һƨԭأЦʱˣҪĵͥҪ𼸸ˡ
㡭
ӡսú޲˺ҵ죬ô˵
ɲڣһյϨ𡭡
һ£˶ĵͥĴ˾ڹɽʲôգһˣ
ҲЦˣһʹϧԺ֤ɵ۵ĺĴ˰ôûˣĪӢţ
ӡս۵ɫ
ֻǣʱϵƾ˿ϮʼϳϨļ
յ
յ
յ
еգʼѹһڵ۾ɫ΢䡣
ǹɽУʲô
ΪΡ
ĵͥĴ˾ܵصĴ
˻֣
ʱӡսͫţӲħһŵؿǰ빡
Ҳӿ˵ľŭɻܣ
˴ǰɽжǺĵͥ׼ó֮ΪЩ׼˸ֶյֶΡ
ڡ
ȴǷʲô
֣ܻ½飬ϾЩ˿ɶɵʶɿܲ˱ܣ
̫⼫һ˻
˻
ӡս˸ŭѵĸĴǺĵͥɣ
ʱƣӡսǰϵƣֹסϨ
ÿϨһյóѹһ֣һڵ۾ľһΣ˺Ҷݣ¶ɫ
һԺĵͥ˵ɱж
ΪΡΪλˣ˭ܸ߱⾿˭ģ
ӡսѳŭɫˮĿ¡
˽ĬȻ
ɽз飬ǵͣҲ޷ŵһ˿˭֪ܵࣿ
òǽһİɣ
ŮۺȻ
ֻӡսۡԼͥҴ˴νɽжǬġͥĴˣȡһµжȥԸǽһ
ǱͻҲпǽһ
ϾɽǿУơħͥĴˣ϶ʱͲһȥǷͻ
Щǿ˭ֻȥǺĵͥˣ
ЩԸݵǿߣȫͿԺԲƣ˵ˣǸûͺĵͥ˶Կ
һųƺʣǽһˣ
ܣ
ӡսۺԥˣһСĿҺĵͥ˵Ķ֣
ˣؾʱƾһ֮Ϳǧ˵Χ
Ůѵ
һ仰ڵɫԱҲͿǧ˱ʱһĻĻ
һ룬ЩɣЩѰģ
ʱӡս۳״ˣһ仰Ҳ˵ӿֳޱȵĺɱ
ΪǰϣڿѵһյƣҲڴ˿ȻϨ𡭡


1983 㾡
ˣ
ȫճֹţڵж޷ƽ
ǺĵͥĴеĶʥ壬죡
ڣͬ䣬ڹɽУ˭ţ
֪ƿĺĴˣౣֶΣޱȵĵ۱ɰطȵȡ
ɾ£ڹɽжսеʱ򣬿Ѿˣ
˵Ǿӡսۣ۾ﶼе˼
飡
ӡսǰİըмƮ
ɫˮӿſֲıϢʱ̶ᱩߡ
һǹɽУһĵͥˣȴ֮þӡս۶Ҫܲס
ƫƫһϽͣһοģӡϵܣɱ̫ˣǿǹɽĿܻ᲻һ˿Σգ
ɫŹ֣Ϊ⻰ԭԾӡս֮ڣȴᣬζɾͱˡ
ͼӡս۶ͷҵĿֱҪɱˡ
ȴƻȻԹ̾Ϣ˵Ǻĵͥεʧȷ̫ˣܹʮʸɽ񵹺áȫûˡ
Դ͸ϧȻпӡս۶УȥһѲУ׳ŭ
뷢ŭţһָңһһ٣ң֪ҪάǽһϣڹɽжĻʱ㲻Ҫڣ

Ȼ⣡
ӡ϶˼˭ѰСйϵ˭ͻᵹùһ̫ˡ
ȥ̽̽Ϣˣڹζ治ܰ
ȥ
ûҲû

ɽ
һƬУһʯضļ¡
Ѱģһ׵ĺɫ̣ϹӰãһöָָ·;
ڻɱ׷ߵĲŮӺãܹףָ·á
ƾ˱õ׷һһ·ϱܿ˲֪ա
ʱ˱ΪѰ·
ţ
ѰһëٿȻֹԶУһɽ塣
ɽһͷԵĹǱڵأֳһϡ
ֻһɽ壬ɸѰһּϢΣոС
ˡ
ɫڵָɿתʾŴգ
ֻǣһѰûбܿ˼Ȼڸͣ
ĬĬƬ̺Ѱһӣͼӳ֣Ϊһ󣬽ܸ֮ǡ
˲䣬ѰӰƾʧͬƽȥеϢ

Ѱϥʼָ
ʱŸոջָһѰȻ۾Ŀ˵ƽ֮⡣

һӰƬУΪ׵ĺȻǻʸũ
һϮۣͷڣлͶ֮о£˭İԵ֮ơ
ʸʦ֣ȷǽһƬ󣬵ټȴƬʧˡ
һ˵ӥϬ֮䣬ͫӿһµķš
жϪǬͥĴˣһԡͫɿɽ֮
ڶϪǰƯһյɫͭƣоȼű͵Ļ棬Լճľ
˵ơһƾõĹرԲ׽καװΣޱȡ
ʸʦ֣ǰһƹֵɽܷżΣյϢ
һ࣬һŮӷɿ˵𪾧Ө䣬һϸ鷱ܵɫ˿˶ɬĲ
ŮǣɫҲһйϵر
һʱ䣬ʸũ˵Ŀ뿴˼ԶһƹɢϢɽ壬УԵضļ¡
ʸũһĬɿ촫ԽһӶԣ޻ָػѡһȫ򣬶ԽյĵطԽǰȫ
ϪѰĿꡣ

Ϫзķţ˵ͷ
ʸũֽĿ⿴ˣȫֵ׼мǣ۳ʲôÿһɽ塣
ã
˽Եͷ
ؾʱܻͿǧ塢˵Χǰãһɱ˿ѵһںĵͥǿߣһΣҿɲϣٷʲô⡣
ʸũ
˽Ȼʱ˭СǽһҲѽͷȴжԴ
ȻϪɫע⣬Ϸǧ֮⣬еƽڣ⣬ǽһݷУѾǣȲҪš
ʸũнһ󿺷ܣɫ򶼺ƽû¶κһ˿·ʲôҲû
СӵҲթش˵أ¾Ӱ¶ҲԽһյɽ壬ֵѡ
ʸũЦҲ²ⲻֻҪ֣϶ȥƻһյɽ壬ӶҵȽ֮ء
еĿ
ǣǷƶϳɽǱصգ
ʸũɿ촫ʵ
ɽ弫˹죬ǱŻ޷֪жϣֻҪھɽǧ֮⣬ȻǷһЩգҵҲɵһʱԶԶܿ
Ǹһɫġ塱ɿƲ⡣
ԭˡ
ʸũ¶˼֮ɫȻӺǣǲ罫ƾͼƣλãһʱһɽеĻΣ
һжӿһĨ˷ܡ
ƾͼƣɱһУ
а
ۼ˲飬ʸũǺãھͼװûвټת뿪飬
˽Եͷ
ֻǣڴʱԶȻһƽ󲨶ѰӰֶ
ûʸũ˽һû뵽Ѱڴ˿ֳӰ
һʱ䣬ǵļıʩչ
λȻˣΪҪ뿪Ļ̥һЩӵɣ
ѰȻڡ
ӵһʱ䷢ֻʸũ˵ټʱҲţҪһɽĻˮЩ
˭룬ʸũȴٳٲжһֱԴ̸ѰʱԤеԾ
֮ǰ׷׷һһû¶κʵѱǿѸ
ѰҲɣʸũѲԼڣŻֵúܷ
֣
ʸũͲ𻰡
ಣ
˵Ƕ֣ȴֱȫŲƣӶƵġ
ѰͫȻһУԥҲչŲƣԶȥҪ׷һ㡣
˫ʲôһ׷һӣڱܻ
ֱִƬΧʸũٿȻ㣬תѰ¶һĨڽЦݣһûһɽṩӣδָ㣬ʲôǶ
Ϫ˶Ц
޻ˣ
Ѿˣ
Ȼһ겻ˣ
ȴѰҲЦˣó鹭һɽ壬ңңһ



1984 ɽĴ֮
գһѤõĹ⣬˺ò˼飡
ʸũһ˽ɫһ䣬һ𣿾ֱӳ֣һֲգ
Ҫֹʱ
ͼ
ԶһƬƹĹŹɽϣȻһֻĿޱȵ֡
һ̡
Ѱ鹭ıûеֿ߬ס
䣡
һ̣𵴾죬ƬҡΣһޱȵĹ˺ɽǬ
һޱȿֲĻϢһɽŵĳѹӿֳʢҫۡѤõ׹⡣
׹ٲ緢۽һƻƳյĵ绡У˸֮䣬ն˺ѡ
Լ䣬һΰӰǳʢĿ׵и֣һڻеף
⡭
ʸũ޲ȻͷƤ飬ȫԥҪԶԶܡ
̫ˣ
һΰӰϵĻϢֲԶԶһֲ
ֻǣȻʸũܣѰѱɱλˣΪλҪ뿪
δ¡
ɲǼ䣬ѵ̫Х
ʮ꣡
һĻķ˼ҲʸũһС

һˣ
ɱ춯֣
Уʸũȫޱȵı͵Х
Уʮ걻ѰӰͻأһһǿǰһָ
ͣ
һĨ貵âָ
ǬͥǿӦᵲǰһصѱ飬ü֮أ򱻶һѪ
â̵֮ܣڴ˿ֵ쾡£
ͬʱȴһӺȻնѰɲǼ仮ŵһ⡣
ţ
ѰһΣա
ܣӿֻ򣬻ĴԨһɿֲޱߵҲ֮ɢ
飡
һʹԨײĺըԨĥɡ
Ѱע⵽ֵǻʸũ
ѰϢᣬֱطѺɱҫһȺ
ЩǬͥ˽ɱȫǻʸũΪҫۡ
һϮ죬ܻ޴ĻƽܱڣȻо֮
£һɫƵز㣬ͷųǧɳɫɱ¡
ÿһһڤ磬ӳֳۻ롢׳Ĵ
¡
칥Ѱ棬ͼѰΪģԨ죬ʮɱĵ̻㱬
һЩճеķɶ꣬ϣ޷Ѱ
ΨлʸũڤԵò˼Ϳ£ʹԨҽ棬춯صĺ
𣡡
һ࣬ĸǬͥ˺Ȼһ֣һӲӵĴ֯ɴݺύʳڵ۵ĿֲϢ
ɫʱֻ֣©֮У
۱
һµıһɲѰжܵһΣգһ٣ҪѹС
ն
ͬʱʸũͷֳһȭͷСɫ¯ʮɫɽӳ϶졣
ɫ¯ȻҲһޱȵĵ۱ʮڷɽÿһӳʱӳֳɲ󣬷Ļɱ
ȻΪ˶ԸѰʸũıΪ׼˾ĵ׼
һɱ֣Ȼ׼۾ڣǶÿ־;
ʵϣһ̣Ѱȷ뵽ΣյľУͷضµɫֶ£˷һɫɽɱĹâ
ĹˣٲȻѶ޿ɶ㣬޿ӣ
ɾڴʱͼ
һöͭӡԣϢѹȵʮԱ
ӡ
¡һײɫ裬ӡҵþҷɫĸǬͥ˽ɫһ䣬ѪʧȥɫĿơ
ͬһʱ䣬ӻɫĴ޷ӿգҡҷתÿһЩɫɽɱ

ʮɫɽòҡΣ˲޷
ת˲䣬һɱֱƿ
ӡ޷죡
ԶҲΧѰȺУѰص۱ʱ֮࣬ӿһɬ
ӵĵ۱ԭᣬƫƫһ֮ֹʧۣ֮һΪ˻һ޿̣
ͬҲؾŵ۱֮һ
ʱҲҲ
֮̾࣬ʸũɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ԭΪƾ۱һɱ֣Щ˵ΧԽѰɱ
˭룬Էƾ۱תƣŤתǬ
ʸũţһۻӶ
ৣ
ɫ¯ʮɽͬʱһɫٿӳƾһ
˵һĻˣںɫҶײĴӡǽɫһȦȦס
ˣ
ʸũһĨɫ
ɱﵣһмϵ۱˱κɱȴס㱦
ǰɽʱǬͥϹƶϳġױȶ֮Уиɱﵣͬȱ˵۱
£ҪЩ˾ͱɱ¹
Ȼ󣬸Ǭ֮ͥͱ˻ʸũʹãΪľڹɽľУûʸũԴ˿ƶе
ʱǻʸũһζô˱һջЧ
ۼǴӡסҪʸũߣѰҲһ⣬ʶ⡰Ӧúϸеġ䱦ͭǮһרſƱһֱ
޷ӡȱĻɿܾ㱻ˡ
Ѱһ̾жȴ˵һɵĴֶתͷųһ⡣
飡
ͼǽӲӵĸһ㣬ݺѹ
ͲʸũӦʱ䣬ǸͱţǴڡ
ʸũһԵޱǺ򶨣ɵĿһĻҲš
ܣ
ܹͬ׵۱ޱȣǬ̫ͥ񣬰Ǭͥ˲֪ٴеı
ڣ˱ȴѹˣ
Ƿɽֻ֮ǣ˱Ϲʱڵ۵սоʧΪΡΪ뵽ˣ
ԶľУɫȻϳ˴
ʲô
ѣʸũɫҲһ䣬ؾйشһЩ´ţͷһڡ
ԭһǷɽ
ŭС
ʵ˴벻ԭڵ֪һѰʱ͸е˼
Ͼ֮ǰ˭˹ԪͥĴˡ
ڣ֪ѰȴԭǷɽʱ𾪺ͱˡ



1985 ʦĹ
⣬գȻΨһѹŽδ֮ơ
˱ȻܿͱѰ𣬿ɻʸũ˿ѰĿⶼѳ׷ı䡣
Ѱ
棬ǿչŵΪ֮ĺݽɫԭǷɽ
һ˲䣬ʸũɽ֮ǰųĻ
˴жһΪ˶һ׮ͻرйص컯ǶԸһӣʱ䡢ͥˣԻͶһ֣
ʱʸũΪһͥһԹԪͥ˵ж
Զֹ˼򵥡
˵Ǭͥ䡢ͥѿ˽һ
뵽⣬ʸũıȣΣ˴ҲҪˣ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ǬͥҲʶأһɱⱩǣ߶
¡
սˡ
ǻʸũֲ߶ɫ¯ʮɽͬʱ֮򣬺ѰӲ
ǬͥҲɱﵣʩչֽɰط˷ѰΧ
һʱ䣬Ƭغʢĵû׼ħ˻ʥѪջ³׳ʡ
ǵһĻԾף
ϾѰǻʸũһˣʥ۷壬ƿصĵ뷨ԶԶͬˮ׼
ȶԾټǿչŵϣҲֻɽڲܵԼ
ֻǣûʸũеŵǣȻһΧһʱ̣޷ѹסѰһˣ
֪ʥڶǽĵĿںܾþǿգҫ죬֪ϹãΪպ̤۾ż;
ڣѰһ֮Կ˵һĻȴʸũԴ
뵽һһֻΣ
ֹʸũǬͥˣһҲԽܣһɫѿ
һɽǿ󣬵궦ʢʱķɽָúεȿֲ

أʸũȣɫׯ࣬ȼհ㣬ӿֳ޾貵λɫâ
ǰֳһּ
ּϣֻ׫дһ֣һһӡһڵ۾Ŀֲ־ɢϢƬ򶼺Ȼըܲסѹȡ
ŷּڿն𣬻ʸũҲǱ
һּһϹŶ־׭дΪһĴۣ֮ǿ۾֮£޿ɵֵ
ԭһּǱʸũɱﵴϣǴǻرʱŶá
ڣѹ˲Щ
¡
ؼ䣬Ƶĵ۾ѹƣѰ˵һ˲ȫȫѹơ
Щ۱˲ܵµǣƣ޷
ѰͫȻһëȻӿǰδеΣ֮С

ʸũ³һ֣ɱԵޱźԸɱס
ˣ
ͼǵ۵ּϣһַɲǼ䣬ؼ类գȫ۵һڣ財ҫۡӿֳϵĿֲϢ
˶𺳣ͣжڵ۾־£Ҳɲٲ֣
ѰȻһ֬ƿڣ
һȷ̫ΣգҲܵв
ɻѰ֣һֻƾն񷶼ڱΣһѾͽһ߬ס
䣡
ҵĺ쳹ҡض
Ǵ׵罻֯ɣĿޱȣһֻ֣ڱƬһ죡
ʸũɫ̣ɵۡ
Ҳס
ԴҲû뵽۵ּûͱһָֻ߬ס
һֺֻȻ
֮ǰһŹɽ壬ͬӳӿ޾ױꡣ
ʱȥͼױǵУĵ绡ܼĴؼ衣
Լ䣬һΰӰУڻ߳׵
ͬʱѰҲɫ΢䡣
֮ǰͻʸũ˼ɱˣŸֲһա
ѰףֻѺ¡¡ѹ£
ߣ
ʸũðԥ˷ƵĳԶȥ
ңʩչһӶطͬǻʸũıֶ֮һޱ֮
ڣѹ˲Щ
˲䣬һ˾͹ʧ
ѰҲˣȻʸũ˸һɾӶݵһ˲Ƶģٶá
ϣһɳƵͳ𣺡˱һӣ
һ̣Ѱǰһ˾ͱߡ
ҰָͼԼǰǵصױ磬㱼һߣǴĿ˸ɢϢѰϢĸо
һǿҵԤУֻҪһУԼСȻҪ
ɹǣױ֮أЩ׵糤۾Ƶģֻܶδ˼һ˿
ҲڴʱѰһһɫͷ׵׵֯ɡ
ɫɫɫɫɫÿһ򣬽ǰҫۣҲλðĸоƲܹӵУ
ڣһӰһϢϥϢǷ϶˥ȴΰ֮У
һͷҰ׵ĳ䣬ݰңϴǱµ˺ۡ
޷գĿȴϬ罣ӿֲޱߵĴ
䶢ϵһ˲ѰһСϱϵϣ
кȻһԵùޱȵɽ壬ȴ޾ױһѹڴˣ
̫˼飡
˭
Ϊλᱻѹڴˣ
ɽˣʱСˣ
һɳƵͳ¶βסʧһ˵ķǱǬͥһȺСΧѣֱ˷ɽ
Ѱһǰϵݣ
ϻǷɽˣƾһѱУ
׵ĹУһ˺۵Ӱ̧ͷ­Ұ׵ĳˮƵƮҷ
ѱûͺ͵ͳ٣㲻ؽţ˵㷽ɽŲСԨԴϲᣬҲмȥһСһ
ͷɽԨԴ
Ѱ΢΢и٣һҲǣƾ˵ص׵һƶܻɱԼ
һвδ֤ǱڵӰʱԼ
ǰմ
Ѱ̲ס
еӰһɽѵ

Ѱ֪Ǹϲ׺ɫǾޱѣò񻰵ļһʵԼʦ㡣
ǰɽʱԺһɽӡ󣬾Ծ
ֻǣǾ΢ɴӲѰɽУһ׵ѹġˡ


1986 ׵
룬Ѱҡͷʵʵ˵ûС
ûУ
УһӰ̲סһ룬һ仰ûᵽ
Щ
Բ˵ѡѰ
һӰ˫͵ץסģĿ飿϶Ǵˣһ룬úһ룡
һ˿
Ѱסλ为ۣΰĴڣƶԾʦŲһĸ鰡
գѰ˵ʦֻһ͡ɽйصӡ󽻸ҡ
ǵӰʱ˵ʲôԭԭ˵
Ѱǰǰʱ;ʦ㶼û棬һӡҲ΢ʦתҵġ

һӰסʧȥ˻̱ڣԵޱįȻ
ɺܿ죬һĴȣЦҺ;һɽҲһȥ̽ѰǲɽȽһͲɽйصӡ㣬֤ǵõŶԣȻȻһֱûҡ
˵ţֱõͳɫȻ
ѰڸҶ϶ⱻеļһ֣Ϊ
ͼǵӰһº͵СѣǾʦܣǾͲˣڴڤڤеһԵ֣һʱ㡭ܸܲ˵һ˵飿
ѣѰע⵽˲Ծĵط
ǵӰȻܾ֮̾ǰұ˵غصġˡǻجʶȫޡܹѹҲܵһĴֻ̼Ҫ⡮׵ڣöãֻج֮С
ѰĿ޷ƣ
ǵӰҡͷڹɽ׵򣬺ǿչŵһغͿ£ֲ֮ǿչŵڵĴѶá
Ѱ
̫ǷֲǿĽǺεȿ£˶Աȣ֪ɽġ׵ǺεȲ
ң뵱꣬š׵ۡ׵ϣϿɹھǿգ޿ɱ⣬ȻǾ궼ҳ޲ѡ
ȻǵӰڣԳζ˭룬ɽϤ׵֮¡˵ǲһķ̣
׵ۣ
֮Ϲھǿգ
Ѱкݺһ𣬶š
ǰһǿ󵽱Ϊ׵۵ߴڣȴԼóĴ֮£ȥ˭ܲе˭ָţ
Щ£Ҳա
ǵӰ̾˿Сѣܷ˵һ˵飿
Ѱ룬ѵڴǿʱһһ˵˳
Ǻ͵һжģǿգֶΣ˵㣬һЩ۾ﶼŮӡ
ǵӰЦ͸Ż䣬˻һ˵ɣһ˻ǣƵٻӰ
ҺʶʱҲеޱȾƯڵӣһ֮Ҳ֪ԭǸŮӡ
׷ζɫҲЦ⣬㶼֪ҵʱֱ˻ˣзи˵;֮ϣһˣ֮ң
ǡ˵⣬ɫЦⱻŨŨĿɬȡǾУȴֻҵֵܣ֪ѡ
ѰĵȻˡ
ͽ仨⣬ˮ飬ζһλ߳ǿյġ׵֪ۡˡ
ڴ˲֪꣬ʶجۣŸһЩĲǸһֱڵʦ㡭
ֱǸգ
СѼЦˡ
ǵӰҲʧ̬ĵ£˵ʱ䲻࣬Сȥǰһ
˵ţһӨ͸ĵ绡ӳһѩ׵СƵģջһӡǡ
̫֤׵һ;ߵǰ·֤ʱ辶׵жһģֱƾ̤۾عżǿ֮ϣ˸׵֮ߵ͡
ǵ͸һĨޱȵԸ
һӡУһֵġ׾Ҳ;еһЩãԸСѣСԼ򣬻Ǵˣչ鲻һѧʹ˶Ͼ
Ŀ⿴Ѱɫׯ࣬С¡
Ѱһ𣬵ǰĪΪ޷Ӵ˵
ǵӰҡͷʱ䲻ˣ˴ѣѽҪľ⣬ҵʶٴجС޷ˡ
һԡ
Ѱһ
㣿
ǵӰҲ㣬Ǳ׵ε֮ߺǿΪƾһЩ۱ƿЩ
ôǣ˵ĺί´Ѱ
ɻ˵һ룬ȻֹͫţԾǡľ
ͼѰ֪ʱѽһؽݵľóͷǰʱʦ˵ɽУֲδеĴ֮ľ
Ƿɽ͵һλˣĬĬ֪ڣֻҪ˽ˣ޲ᱻ۷
ǵӰ¶һĨп˵ʱĽ;ء
ȻʶԾȵȣ֪ؿɴӲɽ֪ɽУֲ֮ѵ
ѰЦҲŸ׹ʦ˵϶Ǿʦġ
ǵӰԭԭǾġǺǣҵġ
Ѱ̲סǰҲֻһԣɲȷľܰ
ˣֻҪң޷ΣԶڴˣҲ޺
ǵӰЦ͸˵Ļ䣬ü׵ۣһλǿգʮ߰ڣ˿ȴЦƵġ
Ѱжһп֮һ֣޽⣬Ǳ΢ӣǿ۾ƽӲ˹ء
͵أǵӰƺߣܼʹ࣬ȴأԴЦʹ죡
Ѱȴѹ˲øпѲǵӰ״Ծʶجס
ԥľǸؼױС
䣡
ͼ׵ᵽѪȵ㣬ĺľ
˲䣬ͽݵľķѣ촷ۣӡеһƽɽĨһɶ
ѰʱסЩֲ
ڻм֮
ǵӰۻ༤һﾪݣ׵ıʰأУСҿ
ʱͼǹױĳУԼһĨۣ֮ۡ
ʱƣһĨһһ޷ϢҲ֮Ϣʼ翺͹ѵɺܿͱŨ
Ѱ񶼲ȥһֻƿϢڻɱ䣬ľΪ֮


1987 ֮
¡¡
ױϳɱһĨɢ̣Ϣޱȡ
Щɶ׵߰Ļ֮
׵ۺεȰһλڣȴһֱѹڴˣǶج֪׵жֲ
ֻǣһĨ̵ȴһɱͳסˣ
Ө͸ɫ籩бһСݣԵޱȵļͺǿ
ÿһλĳܿµĴݲУÿһ漣ͦ˹
ת棬ԡ𣬹ʿɶͲİС
ǵӰڼڴҵֻǣɱл֮Ѱ̫֮ѣ
޵ƾɽ٣׽֮£ò֪޵߻ɢڻгֻҪܶɹ׽٣еõĳɱ䡭
ǵӰĲУѰһĨ׵вɱӿ
ľ壬ƿؿ֮ͨʶĿһĨľһĨ̽ɱʱŲһ
׵أԻһȫµ֪
׵ԣɱлתȻǸĽϢҲ֮Ϊ췣ֶ֮Ρ
һѰĺʱһöӡǵġ׾ҲȻӿʶһĨ׵ӡ
䣡
һʱ䣬й֮ĸְأ糱ˮӿѰͷһйصĴͼһĻĻܻľһ
ԻĪĴõѰ˶һУ޷԰Ρ
Ǽ׵һֵϵиż׵ĸ;飡
˽׵۵ˣƱػΪ˶𾪣еš
Ϊںܾǰټǿչŵϣ£׵Ǿϵ׵һۣ
Ը죬Ϊ׵𡱣֮ʢնգ˲֪˸ŵĴ档
ͨӵпɵĵ̣
˭׵̫ˣΪ֮˿ɼ̳²ʶֱɽ֮ǰͽ
ڣֻΪѰǾʦܣͽһ֮²ϤһӡУѰ
ָ֪θ룿
ݼڣҲˣ
ҿҪȥѰ㣬֪㵣ΪǷɽ˵ԵʣǣۣҼĻЩ
УǵӰૣֻҪټ㡭ǾԵУֺգ
ԶѰɫ޷԰Ρ
ױУʱƣһĨ̵ľӨһöӰ㣬ڻ֮ƿǷѿԡ׵֮£ʼһ׳ɳ

ƬԶ
ʸũһɫ𲻶һнٺ֮С
֮ǰһĻֲ̫
һŵ۵ֻּ飬ûʸũǶʱߵһ˿Ǻεȿ¡
Ǽһûӹһ١
˺ȻֻЦ
һӣҲŷӦЦˡ
֮ǰѰһɽлˮ֮ǡ
ڣԼˣ
ͽаʯͷԼĽţԼܹ˭
϶
͵ߵǷɽˣĿܻ׵
һ˲ǰʱ򣬷ɽȷǿϹڵ۵սУɽͳٵˣһѣܲ
ǰղֵе۾֮һʥֵܵģ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
һˣвֹдӡ޷ص۱зɽһ֮ǿǷɽ֮ɿ޷ס
ܲ⣬Ϊ˿һˡ
ȴʸũȻʦ˵ĲѰӲԳ˭С˭³ͻܲҡ
˶٣ҿɱˣؾʱαһһģҲˣǰãĵͥĿһˣȫɱ
˽ԳĬˣзݡ
Ѱ
һɽ棬ɱѪɺӣ˸ǿգҲԽһݣ۵ʢϴʣҡ
ֻǣܹһֻл
û˸ţᡢʸũĻȴҲΪѰˡ
ڴ˵Ⱥһʱ䣬Ȼȥ֮ؿһ
һʸũϣţһȫ֣УˡǾͰʬ
һ԰вֹĪĵ۱һ׮ɵ۳Ĵ컯ҵȡɲܾʹ˴ˣ
һ仰˽Ķѡ
ֻǣûʸũһ˽Ըеǣʱƣǵһֱڼûκһ˿ʧļ󡭡
³ʦ֣ǻҪȥ𣿡
üʡ
֪˴ιɽ֮УҪĿǶȡһڲɽرӵԽãƱػӰǽж
Ĭ˼Ƭ̣ʸũϣ
ٵȵȣɽĻرɲ׾پܵõģǻɱѰӣȡе컯ͱǰϲܾλᡣ

еѰǱһ쾪ѵġ
̧һޱȵ׵У֪ʱѶһŰ߳СƤۿţľӨ
֦ϸֻεҶӣҶƬԲƮӨӨԵ⡣
һȻ纣ɶСɢȻǹױڵס
ԶԶһСӨ̣ڻ֮УԵǰСɸ˵ĸоȴʥߣſļͨģĪĴϢ
ղŵһ죬һС
ѰһӴס𺳡
޿ɣһؽݵľѾڻ׵ɱɱ˹
ȻСɢϢ֮ȴѰΪ֮𺳡
ۿɼһС̰ؼȡɱ
ѹ׵۵СǰȴƳ˷ޱȵϣʹ׳ɳɶڻеõһɱ
ֻδ֪֮زܵüӵصĴҲǵһμ
УԳƼļ׵ۿڵһ˵֮ۼ
ɳʱÿһ֦⣬һÿһƬҶӣӡһִ򡭡
гһգʱܻһ
⣬Ѱ𺳡


1988 ĩ

ѰڼɼʥɮͺڻʥʱһǰľУһ
һԾԣ֦죬ⰻȻҶƬʯɣƮϼȾһƬʥ
ʱ򣬶ɼʥɮͺڻһ֮дط
µıǨһˡؼžⲿϵ䡣
Ѱǵãɼʥɮ΢Цׯϵԣ
ΪħΪħ
Ϊħ
ȻֱǰԵ֮޷죬Ĵǡ
ҲΪġؼž̫죬ܽɱֻһطӡŽɽϢľձѰõ
ʱ˼׵۵ĻѰȻʶһ⡣
ԼһǱ˭ٵֻʣһؽڵĿľ

ɰʦ˵ľδ֪֮أȥֵͷӡģ
ĪأѰԺðһͷѵ𣿡
Ѱ𲻶
벻͸
ȴҿ϶һ̲죬Ʈϼ䱻ٵѾǰĺУٶ
ȻСɳһ죬϶ٶȳɳΪϼ
׵ۼȻ˵ֻһţ̲ŶֻԺˡ
Ѱ˵ͷڴʱ
УٿȻһĨĻɫ棬ľֶȥ
ĩ𣡡
ɫ䣬͵һץ
䣡
һʵӡӿ֣׭ƣһĨɫǰ

ȡ
Ѱһһӣһջأڡ
ͬʱ쳹һĨɫ澹ǰԵޱȣ˲ͽһӡٻ
Ѱһ亹ǿǼ׵۵һȴֽ㣬ǡĩ𡱵Ķ֣
ҲڴʱϢأһĩʧ
ظ㣬ãûб˻һǱٵɡ
ΪѰ͵ĩɽУǿ²޵ߣͬһ˻մȾϣػᱻٻΪٽ
֮ǰ϶Ϊɱ̫ˣĩע⣬ڲɴ
ѰʶĩĿ£ɫ΢䣬˵ҪǰӴ˵ɲóˣ
¶ɫû뵽ʱѰŰԼ顣
Ѿˡ
һ֮ǰѾȡ˴ɵѲ֮ǰǿƴһɴӴ˵
ѰǰɻҪҰæ
΢΢һЦء
˵ţʲҵĻҰ׳Ʈ裬ΰӰɢһɿֲơ
һ˲һڻ߳׵ףⷽҲ
ˡ
ѹһĲɫʰ쵵׵ɽХ㣬ݺѹȶ¡
ȴ̤̽ץס͵һ˺
׵Ӳ˺ѳһ޴϶Ƶ绡ŽݺڼϣƤ嶼أҪɢ
ȴƻȻһӲ̤һ˺ѷ죬
ǵ¸̬һ󣬴˼죡
¡¡
У׵򳹵׿񱩣ͷų֮ʢѰֽű׹ߡ
ֲ̫
˵æֵʸ񶼲
ת˲ѣӰͱױûһ
Ѱ֮ʣһЦ貳ʢױ𡪡
Ҳ
ৣ
һ̣ѰֻһЮʧԭء

ҰѣѰŷ֣ԼһƬԶԶأأܿƵģؼ𷭹
ֻǣΨ˼
һ̣
Сѣлˡ
Ѱͷע⵽ǰ½ϣһöɫɬĹ⣬Եޱء
Ǵɫڴ
µңֻʣһԪΨж⡮ڣܱܿЩѹ
ɿԣֻܷС뿪ɽʱҲҴȥˡ
Ѱԥ岻ݴǡ
˵޷СɱУȴΪСָһЩͲɽйصܣܰСѱܿһЩգҵһر
Ѱһ
;ʦһҲǰɽ̽ѰΪ۾ڣԲɽ˽⣬Ȼ˿ɱȡ
ָ㣬ôȻԶ
лǰ
Ѱл
ĪҪ˶˾ʦܣ˵Ҳƽ֮ˣԺ㻽Ҽɡ
ѰɫЩŹ֣ü׵ۣȴҪԼƽ۽Լƺ硭
ô㻽һ绹ô
Ѱæ磡
ʱЦˣжֻܿԼˣ֣֮⵱ľǻȥҲػᱣƽ
ˣš
Ѱֹûٴż
ղΪͽʣѾĴ
ֻҪţԺվܳ׻ָġ
ѰвڴԺ׵سʱָӵкεΰķɣ
Զǵصɢš
ԭѾȥʱˡ
Ѱ˼⡣
ʶ˼׵ۼˡ׾УľҲõһ磬ջ񲻿ν
ǣУõΪоʥԲزֻһߣ
ĬĬһ纣ѰһԶ⡣
뿪ˣǲ֪ʸũ֪һţָθ롭
ѰԶȥ

ʦ֣ѾˣҪٵȥ𣿡
⣬ʸũһǱһƬУÿ˵ɫЩ͡
쿴ʼɢˣ
أ¶ϲɫ
̧ۿȥͼؼĿֲȻ糱ˮģ𽥵ɢ
׼Ͼжסǧ򲻿ɴ⣡ʲôԾȫ֣κα
ʸũտȻ
ͷ
ߣ
ʧѵȴĻʸũ˺ԥչж
ÿͷԹ
ѰˣػĪĵ۱һ׮ɵ۳컯
ҼһҲ벻Щ˻ɱɣ

ʸũһ˲ŸոսƬ󣬺Ȼ֮䣬һװĹƳգؼ͵쳹
ã
һɲɫһ䣬ǵһʱѡܡ


1989 ɱħ
ʵϣѰҲû뵽ڴ뿪Ƭʱʸũһˡ
ϾѾȥ֮ã˭ţѰܻŴһƬ򸲸ǵ߳
֮һȻƥɱӿѰͷԥѡ˳
װĹȻ鹭
ģǱ
»Ȫ
䣡
һգǡһ˺ʱգڴ˿է֣â֮ʢɫ䡣
ʸũ˵ķӦν죬ܵͬʱ߶ͷų㱦
飡
ŽѪٷ
ͼһǬͥˣǰͭܡǵķȫһ貼䴩
ʸ̹ͷͿԼ֮أһѪܵĿ
⡭
ԣȴֻ˵һ֣ͺȻأΪһ̴Ĳֹ࣬һ˲䳹촷ۣ

һɺӿϻʸũͷ͵ǰõ·;ϣĵͥĿһУŲ˶ѰĹ֮¡
ˣ
ʸũɫ¯ʮɽȫԶѰɱ
˸ҵһȫ
ѰǿĻᣬ鹭һ

ĹХʸɱ⣬˺ȥ
ۣ
ɺѪˮɽһŮӱüģͷǹǶƿĲҽб

һʸһսìסײУսìǿ屻ݺɣڱѪ
飡
һʸһӼһڷɽ飬ǣ֮£ɫһףյ䡣

ɱһˣˣ
ǵϬɱʸũĿѣŭա
¡
ѳ嵽Ѱǰʩչѹɱﵣȫɱһʱֱ͵ХѤҫۣǬʧɫɽӶ
Ѱδ˱ܣӡ޷򣬷ɱ
һʱ䣬Ƭ֮طҪ򱬣ֳưܻҵľ
սУѰڣͶ֮䣬ѹɨ֮ơ
ȷ̫ǿƣĵ뷨ڴ˿̼ͷţӡ޷ڣǣƶԷκε۱
Ƭ̣һĺ֮ǰͱø˵ӣѰһȭ򱬡

ѪɣѪȵһĻ̼ûʸũ۾ˡ
ɱ
ŭÿһԽ߾ȫƵɱ졣
ƾιȴ޷ƿѰĻ򣬸˵ˡ
䣡
ûã糱Ľһ˱ɱ屻ѵ̫иƬ٣
ѰҲһĿꡣ
ǵԾ̬ȫƣֱ޿ƥеħ
ûʸũ˶Լ۾
ΪǰҲΧѰʱûռκαˣҲܴһ£ƾС
ڣȫһƣѹƵÿ̧ͷ
ʵԭܼ򵥡
ǰս֮ǰѰĹ룬ָ
һָֹ۷״̬Ϊһ
£ѰܣȻ֮ǰɱȡ

սеյʱʱѰʩչậ֮һָֻĳ֮صһǿߣС
⣬ѾǿսѰɱĵˣ
ټǰʱѰеˣǬͥߣ߸Ĵ˷
һĿĵ֣ȥĻȻ󲨣
ϾһɶǾʥеİһľڣ

ûãѰǰУһֶǻ֮ڣ걻һĥɵ
Ѱ
ʸũѳŭ޷
Ϊ˶ԸѰ׼ֶΣҴûκһ˿Ĵ⣬ѰͷŴжԴ
ûϵֻ˿£죬ȫ͵߸֮ǰһ֪Ʋ⡣
ѰɫĮ
˴׷ڻʸũߵǬͥˣʮֻ֮࣬ʣ¾ˣʧһ롣
Ѱкκ
˴ιɽ֮УΪرǿѵȺĵͥˣǻʸũǬͥˣΪжд̣ϧһеؽɱ
ѰĿܲŭ
οѱ¶Ҳ˼ɣսʱҲκ顣
ۣ
ܿ죬һ˱նпʺͷ­ն䣬ɺ̵Ѫˮ䡣
ƬػңѪȶң۱棬һĻĻƾ׵Ķս档
⻭УѰɱ¾磡
ߣ
գ֧Ųס־壬תӡ
˼ˣҲ׷׸ˡ
û˭
Ȼ߸۾ʱɻη塢ֻź
οЩǬͥˣżǰ̣۵˭ָڴˣ
ѰǿǸе;ֱڣĵĶ־ֱļ󣬿ʼеֻźη塣
Ҫȥֻӣ
ʸũۼһĻҲӿһֽű䡣
֪ȥ
ʸũҲˣӵø졣
ʲôϣʲôǣȫͳͳ׵Ժ
ʥڶĿǿҫţ֪Ϲһ¿á
ڣֻȥ
ѰֻᷢһĻ˵ЩɱսУƵĳ
ʲôݵĶ֣Ҳж˲ĵˣֻҪ򲻹ʱȻӡ
Ѱʹ˰֡
ûˣʸũ׷ȥ
οֻҪ˻ʸũǬͥĺĴˣ͵ʧȥһ
ԶԶأѰһָ̽
ָԶ죡
ǧ֮⣬ŲеĻʸũ͵ػƣסɱһָ֮
䣡
ײûʸũӰһΡ
ɻӦűһһƿɱĿɢϢ
𣡡
ʸũȣɫ¯ʮӳһ춯صײһҲס
ܵǣƣʸũҪӶʱȴѰץסᣬŲƶ
ʥڶĻʸũҲ˵𣿡
Ѱ˵ʱȭȭ磬֯Ĵ򣬸¡¡ݡ
Ѱ˴ˣֻ̫Ժúѿʸũһ巢⣬ѰӲ
ת˲䣬Ӱͱһȭĵˣɫһһףеһɬͱ
ԭһһʱԼʥڶҲ㲻
һ̣һԼ̺ޱźԸĻʸũܵ˳ޱȵĴ
򲻹ӣӲ˾ͳв׵̫ˣֻȴû뵽ȻĿУֱ̫ʧˡ
ѰԼļڽɱӰǻħƣɱ֮


1990 һ
ʸũͷɢɫÿ¡
ҲʶûܵĿܣ׳һǰδеĶ־
Ǿĵ̣
ѰҵģȻҲҪ汳
ʸũһ֮
䣡
һڤӿ֣ã죬嫹ɽеһɳһʯһһľԳֳһ罣Ϣ
ڤ磡
Żʸũ֣ɭɭڤ֮Ļٶ¡
ˣɫ¯ʮҲһɱѰ
ҵ汳δ̫ƵԼ
ѰЦܻԨ֮״ˮڤɡ
ֵ֮ײһƵһɵأӳֳԾŵľ
ӡȽɫ¯ʮǣƣ
¡
Ƭ̺󣬾ͼǺ嫵ڤ磬򲻶ûбƮ
ʸũɫɷףͫš
֮޵һе֣ڣһһӲУ˵еУѳװˣ
ֲ̫ǰ˵˴۵ʢ󣬽ΪʥҲע⵽ĻɫӵеڶͷΡ
ѰȻ
ȻҲѰһϯ֮أˣǷɽ
ʸũػ
̸ʱٶȳ֣뷨ǡ̶֪ѲѰ֮УȴϾʹ˷
⵹ѰЩ⡣
һҲǣʸũȻԼ֣֮ͬУѿǿ֮ţҫ֮ҲϲܻԷ
䣡
Ѱûпָû飬ʸũѹƣȫ̧ͷ뱻
Ƭ̣ʸũǿѪͨ⸺ۣʺѪսȾ졣
л确۵ּıء
ѰȻ
˺ĵѣʸũкȻӿһ˵߳ܺͷŭס˻
Ѱ̫
״񣬱ɱײҪˡ
һŵ۵ּڴƴʩչɱˣ
̫ǲѰ·ڻˣ
ѰЦ
ûãʩչӡһٽʸũӰ䣬ݺˤڵϡ
飡
̳ѳһδӣʸũУԡѪʹݺݳ鴤š
ҫǿգʥڶĿţȴһ㣬ڵأҵ˼¡
ʱǱǬͥ˿¶ţǵͥĺĵӵһˡ
ҡҡ
ɳƵͳҰǰ˻ӻʸũд¶ģǲʡŭͺ⡣
Ϊβ
ѰӰƮȻأɫϲ
͵أʸũƴתһһٵһɽܡҾҲ
Ѱһ˲ʣ˲ΪԼǷɽˣ
Եúܲ
ѰȴǬͥԷɽĳ̬ȣǡ޷ɽǣ
һѰȻģһ죬ѰǬͥò
ۣ
һ̫ӳնһѪܵͷ­
ǬͥĵӵһˣʥڶµĿţʹɵ
Уɫ¯ʮױӡѹ
ɻʸũӺΣˣվһгɿա
Ѱҡҡͷк޲ɱʸũҲ޷̫ĸд
սƷһת뿪
һս䲻ǬͥĴһˣϸ㣬ȴʮ˱Ѱɱ
УлʸũȺ
Ҫ֪˴νɽǬͥˣܹŲʮ˶ѡ
ǰɽˡ
ѰԺиֳɽӡϡ
ż
Խɽ񣬻ʱ䣬Ѱɲţ˭ܹ˶ʱڣܴӲɽжһر

ɽδ֪˭Ҳ֪жҲ֪﾿Ŷա
˴νɽһǿߣֲڲͬУҲѰɱʸũʮ˵Ϣûкܿͱ֪
軳ɣʱƣʯ쾪Ϣ϶ᴫ֪
ǰЩһ˱ѰһһɱϢֱڣűٷֲڲͬеǿ֪
ȵõϢģڹɽ֮⡣
֮ɽԱߡ
ѹֶأһڵ۾Ŀ˸һĨ޷ȥľɡ
ڸղţŮǰϵƣ½ϨһյһյţǬͥĺĴˣһɱ٣
ֱŻʸũҲϨʱڵ۵ɫ֮仯Ϊ֮Ծ֮
˭Ҳ޷ǹɽоʲô
ĳ֣κΪ֮
Ů۵ɫÿʳˮҧأһ˭һǰδеıŭС
һҲǣ˭ҵĴصˣ˭ܲΪ֮ŭ
ǻʸũ
һżҫǰ̵Ŀţȴɽزˣ̫⣡
ٵ۾ﶼǰʱ򣬺ĵͥĴҲƵɱ٣ڵʮȫû֪ٵ۾е˼
ĵͥľӡսۣҲʹʱĻŮһŭգߡ
϶ͬһ˸ɵģ
ѹֵգӡս۵ơ
ɫ䣬ᣬǽһʵ벻ɽĸ˸˵죬Ϊ
ڳڵɫԱ΢
һ
Ǵ˼ɵس֣ĪѲʲô
ǲڹɽ֮ĻʱһҪΪЩĴ˱𣡡
Ůͳɱ硣
̫һĻĻ۵ףв̾Ǭġͥ´Ҫһ¶Ըǽһڡ˲ҵ飿
ֻǣЩ˵
һ粨˭ЦƵͥҲϽ

ɽ
һȫߺĵͥʮˣһԶиǿ
һƬ渲ǵϿУһʯϵȳ
Աߣ֪׸ڱѰǸ棬óɵ۳컯Ѱ
òᡭҲһ׮컯ˣ
˼
˭ܲģ
֪ɫȻҵȶ̤ʥزҲ޷̤׼۾Ψ֤ɵһżϣ˭ָԾܳɹ
ЦЦͲģѰΪԼһУ
֪Ƶ֮ϣܵһ֪ν֮ңͬܶһɿĵˣҲ̫įˡ
Ķˡ
°ͣʱ֣
֪룬ȴӳڲɽʱΣ
ĬƬ̣̾ҾȰ㣬Ҳģֺαң
֪׶ʱЦˣǾôˣ


1991 
ɽضδ֪ա
ֻѰԣ·;ϣƽࡣ
һˣɽ֮䣬;Ҳ˲պ͹µ
Ѳʱǰš
ЩľϤ˽˹ɽһЩоյرܿһЩɱ١
һִ׹ĺɫɢٵϹ⣬һһƶȾɫ޷
ɫպϼ亱ɽﶼԡһʥĴϢС
Ѱɽּ䣬һ˵ľס
ϼգﲸУڴУܲĴۼ
Ѱڱӯԡɫϼ¿ľϢ˱һǣ翶ʡ
ĬȻ
ʱתڣϣﹲ˺һ޷ֱ˴ˡ
ָоʵ泩֮ƮƮȻɡ
һһڣΪ֮˷дգͬҲдԣż·;Ĵ֮
ѰǾͨ֡
ǰЩ죬Ϳѵսһ·׷Ͻ𣬵һǿУŻʸũһٶɱսһһʼսи
ȫһˣɣһȻϢɽˮáȻҲͲһˡ
дԣ档
һδ֪磬Ѱᵽνڡĵ
УѰ翺ͿˣԼΪһ⣬ɽУڤϣĽһεС
ʱĸĵã糱ˮͷеһ֡
һɫڹ֮ϣͫױ̣Ƭ޴ϣӡܵĴɢϢ֮ʢ׼۾ǿ߶
Ѱӹ߹ʱֻ̧ͷƳɫһۣͼǰС
ǺɫȴƻȻûвţƸûʶ˸մԼƤ¾
죬ʶʲô̧ͷѰʧĵطдһ˿ɻ
ʱѰ뿪Ƭ֡
ɳһָУȻ컯Ȼҡ
·ںη
¡
ڣ
ڣ
иУǵ߶У
Ҳ֪˶ãѰһƬҰʱȻ㡣
Ƭԭͬ죬ÿһݽɸߣҶ˶ɫͷףУһƬɫʰ쵵С
ѰһɲһɫĲľУһ⼤
翣ʣһĨӰէ֣ò˼飬µǣʼգûһ˿
ɵһִѰǰһߣȴָȼס
飡
ֱը׷ɡ
ͬʱѰӰƾʧ
ԭ֮أϢسһƵâһĨǹӰһ̣нһʧ
ѰղŵķӦ΢һ˿ȻܵסӭһҲסӱϮɱУ
ѰʼնԵúƽܿһܺΧɱ֮ʱѺԥ֡
ˣ
ܼ̫ӳɢʮɸߵľ޴ݴԣ˲䱻촷һա
ǱеĵӰҲڴ˿¶ټ
һŮϢɬ죬ƿһһһǹһ׶Ժڰеľ̿͡
ˣǸϲݣɶѰԣ̫ϤϵϢˡ
붼룬Ͷ϶˺һչڵĴˣ
¡
̫أɢһŮϵֵͻ⣬һֶνԼ֮˵á
֮ǬͥЩĵӣѶãй֮
ֻϧѰɲ
ûзϻҲû飬Ѱչɱ¾
ৣ
Ӱƾʧһѳһǰһưݿ㣬ʩչĵͷȫ顣
飡
˱ķɣըѪ
ߣ
ֽһХһֱ𳯲ͬķӶݶȥ
һɲѰһ˲ʩչԪһնԶ족һȭ
ۣ
ǧ⣬ֽ屻Ϊ룬ʵĲҽС
ϣһ˵֮رãָһ˱ԨƵȭ򱬣ķѡ
ǰ󲻹䣬ĸչڴˣ𵱳
ѪȵһĻԾס
ѰʼնԵòΨЩ⡭ǾʥԲز
ǵģһʱɽӼߣ̺ĴѰΪͻʥԲز
ҲѰսǿʢͿ£ǰȫһˡ
Ϊ˴֮
ھʥʱѰɱÿһ˶жףȫûοڣ
֮ǰѰת˲ĸչܴˣһҲͬеľ֮ȵ֮ʹͽǿһء
ڴʱѰǰ߹㲻һ
һսƷѰ·
ΨһѰźǣܴ˴ͻϮľת䣬޷ǵԵľУȥ֪ɽġش
Ѱһ·ҲûţʼĬĬ򡾴׾İ
ⲿϵɼ׵һֵ죬׵߰أɬ΢
лż׵һ·еĸ;飬νǱ֮
ѰΪ磬Ȼ̸Ϸ
ʱ
¡¡
Ѱһں·׹⽻֯𶯣ѩ׾Ө
ûоʹͬʱڱӵǱܣɶ֮±ѣӿ֣
ǡµƤĤӶﵽϴӼĥСĿġ
ңһţĴԴɴһ֮𵴣ܹ޵ͨ񣬽޵ߵǱ֮ܶ
ܿѰˡⲢ塢֮һĥϴӼеֶΣܹиΪ̡ʵʹ
УĵľǸΣ粻ȣͬʱսܵ˺ҲܻǱڡ
ˡͲٵЩѰ̾Ҳʶ׵Ǻεһλ˲õĴڡ
ˡ׾л㹥սֶΣ硰ӡħСסȵȵȵȡ
ÿһֵԸĪ⣡
ѰԽǲ򣬾ԽԾòп֮ΪԵһ֮
˵ɱлת
Ѱ룺֤ɵʱߴԸƿһ۵ͰأԿұĵУһֹԼеʱ;һ֮;ܵӰ졭


1992 ɽף
ѰյĵС̫޾ɾŶͥؼž
ˣСȥ޻ءСű䡱СսʥС㼫©еȵȡ
һ֮˶ĵʹУȻһۺ顣
ʱȻҪΪ˸ľʱ䡣
Ҫǣ̰ã
֪һĵ̲صİضƺ̺еĸ󾳽磬иԼиĵá
һ޵ߣܵõһȥС
ȻǾɾ޵ڼĲʱҲȻҪеޱȳ
ѰԴᡣ
ӵ㴫УҲȱսţΨһǷȱĻǲʱ;
ܹߴԴʶ͵УǾ͵ڶԼһ
һͲΪ鷢ˡ
ѰƲ⣬̤׼۾ʱܹߴԵʶ͵С
ڣѰ׼۾ѽʣһ֮ң

һ߲򡾴׾ѰһǰУһ·оյرܿһĪ
ͬ;֮·ϣѰѼûеϺģŶصãֵǷ
һ죬ѰһƬɫĻĮһǵصĻϢ
ͼԶطһƬɽ㣬بؼ䣬ççۻ룬϶ԭʼ
ԶԶһƾһС֮С
̫ˣ޷ȥ
ѰԺиֳһɽӡԶһɽһޡ
ɽ
ѰڸȷǼԶب֮£֪ۻɽǴ˵еһرĲɽ
ɣѰչжԶ
ؼ䣬һʵʵĻϢѹģʱпµѽ١
񷶼ǻҝɫХʱƵɷڴϺХʵ
ԽǲɽǻϢԽˣѹȵѰòתΪܵ⡣
䣬Ľ
¡
ǲɽһɽţоӳֳֻҝ磬Լ䣬ħӰɱݣ˻졣
ɵϸȥʱһоƵʧˡ
ؼžǹϵɽãΡ룬ɽʯ֮ϣֳưܡĻ
ݲûһ˿ΨһƻϢƣһصɴɽС
ѰһתΪɽ̽Ѱ
ϣ
Ƭ̣һĻɫУһѪɫâӳɱѰ
ϸǺȻһͭȾŸɺԵѪգɢĻϢ֮

ѰԶжԿȴӰһΣĵ񲻽һ𣬺ÿµ
Ϊɱ׼۾£ȴһͭ·磬˭ܲ
Ѱսʱһͭȴͻأʧˡ
Ȼ֮
Ѱ˸˼Ƭ̺ٶǰС
ɽ֮ɽΡ룬ӺبУ˶֪ȥߡ
Ĺˣããɽң͹ʯ
ţ
ûãѰͫһԶһʯϣһʬ壬ۣӢֻɫд˾֣Եú
ţһڴСѪѪأʣȴˡ
Ѱϳǿյһսǿȴ룬ʬҰ
ǱɱǱⲻɽĹ춫
Ѱ΢΢Щ
ⲻɽоĵģδ֪գȻƾʶ̽ҲܵһɹĻϢ赲
ûһʬ壬ѰǰĽ繭ңʱս׼
ǰûãϢأһֻѵѪܵצѰ󣬷ָУѪ⡣
ۼѰûзֻצ͵غݺץ¡
䣡
Ѱûлͷ䱳ȴڳһͷӰ֯ŵ뷨죬ݺײ
һĻˣ޵һײһֻצ״ûá
䲻ݷ֮ʣкХ

ѪܵצסԶ֮ȴ޷˵˿Ž𻨡
ǱɽϢմȾĵ֮צһе۾֮µĵԵ۱֮
أеļ׵۵ָѰ
ԭˡѰʱ
ৣ
ѪܵצһУȻѪ⣬Ϣ죬ٶɱֲޱߡ
ǵ׼۾ҪһЩ
Ѱһ϶ӡڿգͭĹ󣬺ݺѹȶ¡
УѪɫצҲվֲӡѹһڵϡ
ͼצʧȥԣʧȥѪɫϢײˡ
Ѱţһֻצ֮ǰᱬǰֲ
ɽǵĹǿ£Һ;һʱͬצһϮ
Ҳ²ⲻצһͷӵе۾ʵĴ֮ޣڴⲻɽ󣬲ѣצմȾ˲ɽĹŻữ
Ѱ۾޶ڴѣʬ֮ǰѪܵצ¡
뵣ģӴ˿̿ʼΪָ·
˻һѰжʱ̤ʵ١
ߣŴ·ǰУмĪҪݿշУֹܸϮ
żָ㣬Ѱٴ·
ͣ
ûãһȾѪĶ֣ħգѰɱ
һצһ
Ѱӡɽѹ
ָһص۾ݵѲȱȴǼ۱ľѲ֮һޱȺ£Ժϡ
Ѱһæһضû뵽벻ɽУܻȡȱ
̫˵ģд֮أذдԵ
·ϣ½и֣вֱۡģͷ­޹ǡ
ѰƾӡһһЩȴþ޷ƽ
Ϊռ˵Щˣǰһӵе۾Ϊߴڣ
Ҳֻе۾ʬλŻᱻɽմȾһֹ
Ѱ󣬲ɽӴУжٵ۾У
꣬Цƣɽһڵ۷ڣһе۾Ŀֲա
п
ɽ˵ͬһڴ˴̽ѰĹ⾰
ڵ۷ڣ
ݿ湻˵ģ
Ѱʶ˴мָ㣬Ǻε˵һ£ԼȥҴ˵׼Ҫա
һӺ
һ߲±ǰѰȻһͳϽɢ롢˵Ϣ
ѰУȴһͷƤ飬Ժӿֳһ콣⣬նƾ¡
ƥɱ֮⣬Ѱ궼˺ѡ
ԥ͵رˣʶӦ
ֲֿĽӰ죬ɢ
ѰǾһ亹


1993 Ҷ
ǽ롢ˡ
ǽ⣬ɱ죡
Ѱ֪ҫۿĽޣҲȥ޻ء̫ʱܹսۺ̫۵ǿ
Ψһ֮Ѱиܵһ֡񡱵Ϣ
ֿ޼ɵĵز
Ⲣ˵ȥ޻ء̫͡㲻Ƚ⣬ڲͬĽ
ȥ޻أһּɱ֣һȳٲء
̫򲩴£֮仯֮
һ⣬˵ĸоҽ赲ǰһ˵
ǰѽڴ˵صȱ
𣬴⣬꣬Һ;ڴ˵ؼ˽ıȴû뵽¹ȥˣ¶֪˶ٴΣȴڡ

ѰһĹˣȴһ
һ飬Ԫ𣬿ɿƿ£Һ;һ֣˽ߣվûԸ
ƶϣ֪˵ķɣָǺεȿ
飡
Ψ۽壬ɶ컯սѿֲޱߡ
һĵ۱ܲסɱ
߰ɣҪƬ±ڣƹȥ
ָ
Ѱ˵ͷҪ
ɾڴʱ
һƿֲĽ⣬ٿȻƾո֣һ޵ӰѰǰ
ӰֻߣСѰУȴ翴һֶĴգâɣ⣬̵궼б˺ѵĸо
ߣȥڻΣ
еļرȣƲΣա
ߡ
һߵӰдɳƣһ˿εļ
ͬʱѰҰеʧܵӰҲֻ֮ǣ˻Ѱȴס
޿ɣ⼫õӰǼ˵ġ顱
Ѱȴû뵽ΪΡҪԼߣ
ҲĬеһ⣬ѵȴ޾£ΪΡҪڷ
һ
ӰãģģĿȴֱѰɳƣͬһط
εأ
ͳ翣һĵط˵Ĺ磬ǳǿձ˰
䣡
ѰԴ׻ǿձ˰
˵ĸס˾ˡԼ¹һǺǿգ
뵽⣬ѰĶ
ǹɽǱɰ˴Ĵ֮أδ֪ء
˭һƵȺڴ˲֪µĽ飬ǿձ˰磿
Ƿϴˣο֪ǿձ˰һֱһ紫˵ĵط̫񣬲֪ǿǰ̽ѰҪôȥ޻أҪô顣
Ǽ׵ۣ˲֪꣬Ȼǿձ˰һε翵ĵط紫˵㲻ʵ
ҡͷҲϴϵϢҼһޣԲ
Ѱһʡ˭
Ĭã¶һĨ˵ı룬ҡǵˡ
Ѱסǵã
ܣ
ԴҵǱ٣ԴƣҵʶͲȱ̫࣬һֱڵȣҡȻ˭
ԽԽͳ˵ı
һ̣Ƹͬܣһ̾ɽ޾Уʶجǲ壬γҲˣ
Ǵ˴Ѱ֣ҼһԪǾͽڴˣ
ߡ𡭡
ٶȽĿ⿴Ѱ
һ·⣬زĺӣ͸ſ
ҡ
Ѱֹǿձ˰ǵ翵ĵطȷжϣִܹ
֪ͨǿձ˰·Ѷˡ
أڣ㽫ϣһϣضҪʧ
һԻȥġ
ȴԵòΪᶨҼȻԺһһط
ãҴӦ㡣
Ѱһϡ
ĸ⣬ղδֹѰôֻһ䣺ϣСǿձ˰
С
鲻˼Ϊ
׳Ĭˡ
𰸶ԣҲһ벻飬⿪һֱصɻ
ȾĴڶԣ˵µĵ۾ԣǿձ˰
Ųһ壡
Ϊ£һֽͬСǿչŵ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ̫ʱ򣬾һ˵
£ͺñһ֮··ľͷǿձ˰
֮Ψдǿչŵִ߳ܵǿһˣ
ǡǿչŵֵԴ
ֻǡ
޾֪ǿչŵͼִǿձ˰ȴ֣·ˣ
ڽأйǿձ˰鶼˴˵翶á
ڣһƽȴ˵ǿձ˰ڵģ֪Լ׵۶ԣǺεȾһϢ
ͼ׵۲һӺʱѰ֪ǿձ˰ǴڵģΪĸ૑˾սۣԼ¹¹
׵۹ʱѰƴ壬¹µһӡѰֹȷ¹ţһһ׷ɱ¹Ůˣ
ŮˣӰ޳һ˿һͷϷһɫսìɢƣڸ
˵૑ֻҪţҪץȥֳ̤۾ҲȻ
ͽվͽҪΪԼµиۣ
ҲʱѰ֪ĸ૑˾սۺ¹ǣǱˣǿձ˰
Щ£ѰҲֻ֪һţȴǵãϷŮʮǰʱһ·׷ɱ¹ƴ壡
ɴ˱ƶϣϷŮӼȿԴǿձ˰ɿûзǿձ˰İ취
Ҳ֤ͨǿձ˰·ûжϣ
ֻƺֻǿձ˰ˣܹߴ·ϡ
Ѱһ󵨵뷨
·ûжϣǷĳԴǿչŵϵ޵ǰ
˵ǿչŵѱһΨֳԿ׵˲ܿУ
ܿѰҡҡͷ翵飬̫ңԶµĴȫǿˡ
ǿչŵ嫣˭ܹ˿£ͨǿձ˰ĴŶ
Ѱ˼ɡ
ͬҲĳ
һƽڵõѰͬ󣬾ͱƽ׷ʲôȴʲôҲ벻ɫ価Ȼ
߰ɡ
ã˳ĬҲѰѹ
Ҳұ֤Ƿлǰǿձ˰ֻҪһţ϶ȥһ⡣
һѰǽ˵
Ц
¶һ¶ЦݣģúģЦȴԵޱȲúʵ
ѳŲ̫ãҪúóžޣҪæֻ軽һҶӡɡ
˵ţһöϸâƵķɽѰķ˿֮䣬ʹ˳š


1994 ּ
Ҷӡ
ѰĬĬסʱֻѰ֡
˱УͬԴۿ˽ϢұΪ˽һ֮˭룬ȴҶ
п
ѰҲΪȻ֮ǰǵȿֲӰʱ̵ľһ֣

ɵҶϢʱȴһ˿֮ˡ
߰ɣʱӦñɵִư֮šڵĵطˡ
ư֮ţ
Ѱ΢Уûѯʣж
·ϣⲻɽиǵĻϢԽԽɲϢҰ
ʱֲܼ֣ȺħԨѪд㡢³ɻҡ
һĻĻֳһļµĿֲϢ
Ȼǽֻ󣬲ʵѰһ󾪼¡
ǣһ·ϣоգûκε谭Ϯ
Щµġˣƾ
ҶӵϢЩˣ˵ҶӵĴڣҲһմȾɽϢġֻҶӵʶڣһĨԡ
һͣѰŻȻ
һʱѰۣɽԽãһ·ϾĵģģǴݲưܡ
ס
ȻѰʶвһӰԼǰǧ֮ǰС
һ̬УһϮɫɮۣü˳ʱʥķ⡣
ϻɲˣӣ
˲Ѱϳʱ͸о⺩ͷԵĺк˼Լʱŵһˡ
ɺ۵ʢ֮ǰѰȴ˵һСޱȵĺУȴħ۵ѡεһˣ
ħݣǿһħĽħߵ£Ϊ޵ӣȴѹȺħռͷ
˺ܲ˼顣
ϵļأѰ֪ӵС޳ġ츳ƿص֮٤ᡱвս֮
ָ֣󳹴ļԣ˺Ȼ˯ѣȻ򣬴ﵽ׵ľء
ӵĵ֮򣬾Сᡱ֣֪һעѰˡ
ʵϣܹԡһݵһݲ۵ʢᣬִؾеӱΪɽһǿ֮һⱾ֤ǿ
Ѱȴû뵽ޱȵĲɽһһ

ͬʱӷԶѰһ£̬ϳ֣شһವһ¾ˡ
ôһУұȲɽҪ𣿡
Ѱֱ׷ȥ
ҪʣСоʲôʱˣڲɽˡ
̫ˣ
֪֮ԩ޳𰡡
׷ҡɱҡҽүˣвУ
ӷ񱼣ܾȵƵģ۴С
ү
ѰûҺʱ˵Ҫɱ㣿
ҡ°
һίֵӡ
ѰۼһŲ·ʱȵӣҿɾ涯ˣ
һ仰Ӱ͵ضסѵתɫдһġˡ֣һ̬
ҪɱҪУʹɣ
˵ţֱӱ۾
ѰһǣҪɱ㣬ѣ
۾Ϊɶ׷ң
ѰַһΣ㲻ӣΪɶҪ׷㣿
ظ֮ǰΪΪҽй¶ˣԲŻɱйߣԭǡ
Ѱ΢Уô˵֮ǰͿҲǽһˣ
һ͵򣺡ԭѰ㲻֪
һ£Ѱˡ
֪ۣ԰׽ߣƵͥһڵ۾ûܿݡ
ӣȴˣ
ߣһж
룬ѰǸصķޣԼݺ󣬾й¶Ҳǳʲô뷨ѰлǺõġ
Ҳ֤ӶԼ޵⡣
⡭
ɿ֣ǲɽ֮ذҸߣ϶Ϊ׸ġ
ΪθоУұⲻɽף
Ѱʵ
һЦ˰˵֣֪ʲô治˵˵ˣҶãҪͰҵƨ˰ɣ
ѰһšС족֮ƵϻɲˣһܹýɽʸľʥδҲ̫ˣԼǰȫ˰
˵һѡҪôԹԵظߣҪôһߣѡһɡ
Ҳѡ񣿡
ӵɴ۾
߲ߣ
Ѱһۡ
һӻһ£ߣĸҲߣСɮǾûˣ
ѰЦ򣺡ǵѡ񡣡
һչж
һ·ϣһ٣޿ģѰüγ嶯öһǹţһ﾿ʲô
˵˵οݵġ
Ѱʡ
Ի˵
˫ֺʮ
Ѱǳ鴤һ£㣬Ϊÿμң˺£
۹۱ǱǹģԻ˵
Ѱ
һǿŶеĳ嶯ӵ޳츳һǴϿһЩʲôԷ񣿡
Ի˵
һ¿ˮ̵ļƣǲɿڡ
Ѱ㣬бĺУŵüƤɾҧزڡ
У㲻˵һֱߣʲôʱıˣһῼߡ
׻ɴ۾Ի
ѰЦʣηԻʲô
ᣬطݵ˸գ
ѰЦǰУҲʡ
Ӵͷɥһᣬһ·ϺüֹѰһ̨ӡ
Ѱǣ˺Լӣȴסˣй¶κһ˿
һ϶ԼϿʲôֻضĶ
Ѱ˼
½׵۹ʱ̨λϼ˾Ϊռһԡ
ãã޷
ϼ˾ΪռʱȴһĻ׵ľ󡪡
ǰ·ء
ݣһУڣ
ϼ˾Դ˸е޷⡣
ڣҲʲôŻǰĺºͼɵԼƫƫأ䵨ϣȴһֶ˵
ѰеΣҲֻա
֡
ӺȻڡ
ţ
ѰĿ⿴
һʱˣҿ϶㣬ҪȴӦһ¡
Ѱ£
Ӷͷһ㺹ˮޱһҧ
գеߣǿչŵ֮ʱɷ񡭡ɷҲһȥǿձ˰һ
˵ĿĿİ˵Ƶģס˲ͷˮĿ޾ϣѰ
ɡ
ѰһǵͷӦ
Ϊ֮ǰҶҪ󣬼һģһк飬ǰǿձ˰֮ʱһˡ
ֻǣлǺ֡



1995 ư֮
ǿձ˰ε翣紫˵۾ﶼǷڡ
ȴ϶ǿձ˰һڣΪԼгһջǰ
̫ˣ
Ѱû׷ʣӼȻ˵ԺʱˣԼ𰸣ôԼʣҲעͽ͡
лˣлˡ
ظﷺϲ֮ɫ·ֻһŵޱȿġ
ɽ·᫣ߣڼָ£һ·ĻϢˡ
żо֣ǡ
ǰ
̲סʣһ·Ͼʲôգ֮ǰ벻ɽʱȫһ
ûС
Ѱҡͷûн͡
Сɮ֪ɽУֲգԶɽ£˴һǰܻ뿪ġ֮١
̾ű˵ζ
ѰڵرɿܲΪ˸ۡ
ֻں¡޼ϡл껨ˡ
½ĽѣɲϣҲʲôˡ
ţ
̸֮ʣѰһĿȻԶ
Զ֮Լɼһ޴ȻʯţǧɸߣΡϡ
ԶԶȥһȡš
ܻͷ׵꣬Ǿ޴ʯڷת˸
ư֮ţ
ѿڶ¶֮ɫУһڲɽڵĻرܾư֮ڣ
ѰȻؿһٰۣ֪
ͬʱѰĺ𣺡С˵Ĳſɲǰ׽ȥġ
Һ;ǰʱȫֲĴ򸲸ǣ̽޷Խ׳һӲ
˵⣬дһĨӣʱҲȰ裬ðһԣ
ΣѰ̲ס
ѾˣӲţܴĺɢҼһȴڴ˵أ˲ˣǶɥʧ
˵գһ̾
Ѱ֮ˣֻΪӲһư֮ţ
ֲ΢ʦ˵ʦǰʱԣڿֶ顣
ɽѾ䣬ͬư֮ŸǵĴҲɢ⣬һ˵׼ܱͼıһر
Ѱİ١
֣㿴
ӺȻ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼư֮ǰʯвӰִڲͬ
һۣѰͿͥĵˡƵͥױˣԼһЩǿľ
羰ϡࡣ
ħͥĻ룬սյȵȡ
ʮˣ
ҿѵִʱ
ѰԴ˵֣˴νɽǿߣбϤӶ֪ư֮ŵĴڣɿ֪ܲ
ߣǹȥ
ѰɫǰС
ӽ
˵ĳ֣Ҳڵһʱڳ˵ע⣬䵱Ѱʱ˶¶ɫ
Ѱһ̫ƭˣڳЩһɶʶݣҪСˡ
տڣһſۣһڰյñӣϸһ֮ѩս
Ӣˬ͸һ⺷Ϣ
Ѱһû뵽ջԼ̸
ڽվ̵ӡ񡱣սʼ֮ҫۣһŮӣȴ˶첻µز¡
ҿɲ
ѰЦһ䡣
ҲԣЩϼһ֪ݣǵһʱͻ̻ˡ
ԴϾһ׮ɵ۳컯ĸϼһܲۺ죿ͿڳЩһĸܲģ
һ仰ɫ΢
˭Ҳû뵽޵飬ȴһ仰ˡ
ǣ㾹Ƿɽˡ
̾
ɽ
˵ĿⶼѰ
ǶǰЩӣɽڣѰĵͥһһ˵
ǬͥĻʸũһˣأʸũսʣ˻
ѪޱȵսȻ𺳡
ڳЩԣģѰݣԼ飡
棬̤Ⱥ֮ʬһ׮컯Ӷǿնա
۵ʢϣԽһݹնһ·ɱУ֪ٸ䣬δһܣƥ
ҲΨзɽˣӵ֮սɡ
ȻħͥĻ뿪ڣһһͷѩ׷ݿ죬ڱԨsţڡ
һŸпζ˶УнԲһ󲨶
ѰƳ˻һۣħͥĴˣӦú𣿡
Цҡͷ˵ؾʱܵǰɣҺǲһͬţҲûǱ𡣡
˶٣ȻɱΪˣ£Ҳվ
ѰŶһûٶ˵ʲô
Ѱ˵ʸɽҪսʱ㣬仰ڻ
ƵͥױڣϬһϮ£㷢̳һƮҷڴԼıһվ䣬ϢŹͺζ
ߣŵĺȻᡣ
ؾʱҲΪ֣ŴѰ¾˱ñܵᡣ
սѰʡ
ױɴ룬ʱ㡣
ѰڵǾ͵رʱһߵͱɡ
ױĿһɨˣʱǻһսһһɾûٻˡ
Ѱ룬νˡ
ױٶԡ
Ѱǻֻһܹư֮š
ѵҲζţʱʱڳЩ˽ԻȫΨһĻᣬһսǱⲻġ
ѰĿ⿴Զư֮ţǧɸߣ
ڣתλãغδ֪
Ѱʵֻһʸ룿
֪ʡ
һָư֮ţǰһĵ̨һ߸ߣͨڣܹư֮ڸǵĴɴڴ⡣
ֻҪ˵̨ϣ˽ư֮ţһɽ̨ܿЩĹ
ɵʱҵȽԳ̽˵̨ư֮ʱ䣬ԼĪһ㣬ҽһϡ
˵⣬յڣˣ
ԭˡ
ѰĻ᲻ף̨һ㣬ڳȴǿߣ˭ó
˵ǰﱬս˭̨ϣƬ̣ͻᱻĽǣ̨ư֮ʱûһеĻᡣ
ѰĿһɨڳˣȻ֣вȾѪգҲ˸ˣ
ȻǰĻսġ



1996 ֻȺ ˭һ
ӺȻЦˣư֮ŵĻᣬǺϣˡ
˵ţѰһۡ
˽Щ֣ΨѰһ֮˵ΪһսҲܷ˵Ķ֣϶ҺԼ֡
ˡ
Ѱһ֡
ӴͷɥΨܿѰĿ£ĸҲˣ
ô˵һ̨пٳ֣
ѰĿ⿴ա

յͷ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ֮Ͳһˡ
˻Ѱü
Ц治֪װͿѵ֪ܶ˶һ׮컯
Ŀ⿴ˣûʱв˶ԣҪֶԸأϾرǸʲôӣҲ˿֪Ѱһ׮컯ɾǰ
صУɫЩڡ
ѰҲû뵽վֱףЩ鵱˵͵ˡ
Ц𣬿ѡʸũ˵һЩġ
˻һնѹֲ١
һЩĿ˸
ҲԾԾԡ
Ѱ֣䣬ȻҲţĸģվ
һ仰ȫս
ǰ̬Եޱǿƺֱӣ˶ľ
һɽȥڴ˽Ϊûε𣿡
һֻƮ޷֪Դ
ѰɱһȻͷβҲ˵
һȴʹ˳ˡ
Ȼ˵֮ҲѰǿֻҶһƤҪѰȴǲҵġ
Ҳ֪֮
ѰԼļ
Ѱ̬ţĵư֮ŵĻʱΧ
һƽ۵俪ڡ
룬սʥһˣս׺ܹһ·ɽư֮ǰ֤ǿ
ʵϣڳʮˣûһѰɫ
һʮΧңȫˣʸũʮΧңأãĳ˻Ầ±Χ
ѰƳ˶ԷһۣԴǿơ
յĻѽ˵˼ѰҲµľǣԼ£Ҳ϶Լ鷳
ֱһЩʹһЩ
ܽһЩ۵Ķһ̨ٳʱҲһЩ
ʱЦѰǺǣܹ߳ɽЩϹǸܷŹ㣡
⻰Ҳ١
ѰѱҴЩ۾֪Ŀܻ޶ԣ
ֻǣѰƻȻĮҪս͹ң͹ԹԱ죬ٶһ֣ұؽɱ
ƽȴķιȫ˶¶ɫ
Ѱ
ģ
вɫһһףǻ̲סҪ֣ջסȻһֶ˵ˡ
ˡ
Ѱ˵һ֡
һֶѣȴ͸ʮζ
ѰΪ㲻ɣ
ŭһͷķɱ
ৣ
ѰŲգǰһָ̳
赭дǵָȴ˼£һضķâ
˭Ҳû뵽ѰֱӾͶˣ
ȣһȭȭɽдݿɽ֮֯ѤöĿĵ֮
飡
ɽһ˲ȭƤ㱻Ѱָ״ƣŽ
ɫ䣬Σޱȵʱ̣ǰظֳһӲӵĻľϸֳ֮Σɢڵ۵ĿֲϢ
ѰָεȰԵȴţ뺣㣬ǻľһա
ô˻ᣬһ
һӳŹϵƵͼմŹǬ
Ѱһӡ֣ݺ¡
ѵһնը޾ϯһƵ񽣷̶İֶɡ
뺧ȻٴԻľֵȴûܵסľӡҵҲɽ
ǣѪһʹƺߣӰܿصĵˡ
ûӹӡɱ˱ֲѹɱ֮ұѪɡ
һָ䣬սʥһ
ǴݿѪһĻڳɫ䣬һԲ
ݣ
̫ˣ
һԲϣѰһֶ֣ޱȰԵ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
죬ֽϣһ£Ĭ汣ӣ汣ӡ
ա붼ЩмʶѰɵǿߣϾǶǰ顣
⻹̤ʥһμѰ֣ɡǸʤ
ɫ䣬ЩڵΪҪһˡ
£ڡ
ױ򣬰
ʵҲЩƽѰԵ۱ʤжʱչֳƣٲȻ޵з緶Ҳеһѹ
ѹֻһ˸ܵ
뵽⣬Ŀ⿴ԶģͼɫΨǳγ쳣
硭
һĵĿɿһĶ֣
ϡЩǿһҲѰɫ졣
вԼͬͬһͷ
һУ
мžȴѰеӡ˵棬ʼʰսƷ
һ۱ľ澵һڲƹƵĵͬǵ۱Σ¾
ˣһװ˸Ϻͱҩ
ջѿƾˣֻѰϰ֮Գ֮ǰɱѡʸũˡôսƷǵ۱֮࣡
ɫѰɱ˶ᱦַ죬Ƕһεĸо
һԸɹ֪ٴˣ
ɱһ͵һ֣λأ
ѰĿɨˣȻڡ
˻Ӧ˭ֻǣ˭Ҳ˵ڰˡ
ѰЦЦڻʱ䣬λĳ컯ģ
һЩ˶ҺѰĿӡ
һĻĻ۵ףһ̾鲻ԽһμѰʱһĻĻ
һ˹¶ߣɱС
һ·ʬɽѪ
ѣǳ׹ߡ
ΨӰ
ΪΨһĲ࣡
֪ףԸôʱָС
أһʵ𣬰֪׵ӰԶ
ӿʥĹϢ£ӿֳһħͼ
ڹߺڰ
һͷܡ
֮ǰѰǿƵ̬ȣòжܲ죬˳ۣվһˣҪѹ棬Ȼڴ
޲Ϊ֪ҡź
֪ҲԶԶֻǵһĻȴ¶εĿЦ
ʱȥѰţĺ
޷ȥֹ
ѰĿҲ֪ףʼһƬĮûжķϻֻ³һ֣
ɡ


1997 ڰ
ɣ
һ֣ǰֵȻ
˽Щ⣬ǿ֪ףһԣȴӵп̵ֲľ
۵ʢϣдΪ֪סĺˣһںܾ֮ǰ˸ǿ֮ϡ
ѰУƲ֪׵սɫʼնһ˿仯
ΨĪһ֣һսֻʤɺã
ֻд裬ҿûȤ
ѰȻ
ư֮ǰд裬޴ֻ˷ѲҪ
֪һصĵ̨ٳ֣ڳȺƱػһᣬʱ޳֧ţʲôȥ
ŵ˵ֻв磬ڸУͿܻΪ
ˣսԵһЩͷ
ȴ֪΢΢һЦΣˣϸֱµСֽԿߡ
һЩ˵֪״˻ζһд裬ͷֳҲûʲôˡ
֪׼½ӮˣֻҪֽһ׮ɵ۳컯ɡ
˻һʯ쾪˽궯Ŷ͵ʶԭ֪״ͼ
ɫ𲻶տЦ֪סվûȥԼȰ谡
ͼ
ѰԨ֪׿Ƭ̣̾û뵽Ҳװ
һ׮컯Ƿɽ֮ΪԼԼ컯
ڣȴ˿ţҪӶᣬЦ
֪׳ĬƬ̣΢΢ִ֣ͽ̡
յʱ֮пѰ֪׵Ŀ⣬Զڴ֮ɫ
ΪһսʤҲֻ֪ףѰǣˡ
Ҫǣ˭ܣһսػļرɱУ˵вҲ࣡
֡
ɾڴʱٶȳ
˶ü֪׺Ѱ֮ĶԾȴŴ˷ѽ⡣
ѰĿ⿴ȥؾʱ˵ٴγôҲôʱһ
Цҡͷֻ˵һս֪ܷн
Ѱûоܾ֪ף
֪׵ͷ
ãǾн
ѰӦ
֣롣
֪ɫƽü֮ɫ˵ţֳ̽ǰһġ
䣡
𵴣޾ۣһֻͻͳʢĴӡѰĴȥ
һƶѣ̺Ŀֲڳ˶һǿ
ٿ֪ףԡʥϢһִհҫۣضΪ֮ʧɫ
Ѱһӡ
ĹӡȻ飬
ʱ䱦̽Ѳأ㻹Ƕȫɡ
Ѱԣ硣
á
֪һתӿֳƵħͼڣһһףһһڰϢϡ
ڹߺڰ
¡
ʮƶһ˲ѣ֪ϢԶħ
֪پڴ˿ױˣǾϡȾ¶ɫ
ν棬֪׻ԣ˿չ¶֮ʢԿƿº죡
˾֮
ĳγзһĨʡ
ã
ɿ˽֪ףһĻʱѾ֪ȫδκСǽѰ˱ĴУ
Ϣأ֪ǰֳһ֮
ڰݺᣬɭϵ̣ڰ׸䣬緱µĴű
ԶԶһڰ׷ǡһ֣
һЩǿ¶ǺڰиܵΣյϢɫ䡣
ҲѪڣѹòѪæʶȥӦͲ̽
Ǻڰ޾仯ɱĴֲ̫
ѰҲ΢΢һУһֱŵս⣬˴ס
֣ԱѪ۵ĵ֮Թڰ֮ƺڰ֣ν壬ұΪӣ֮ģ
֪üȣϢдһɶеһ־Եš
˵ѴأֱǰЩ꣬űԲز֮Ϊڰ񻹲ʩչ
ʣ쳹Ǭ
ٿǺڰһɭϵ֣ҹ磬˹ͺڰתʱݺе֮仯ӿֳ
𺳡
ȵ֮˶е޺Ĳ̫
Ȼģӡ
ô˵ǵһ̴ܹ˵ˣ
Ѱɫڱ治٣Ѳ⡰ڰĪ⣬֮˼顣
ˣչĵء
֪΢΢һЦһӣȥ
䣡
췭ظ㣬Ƭңڰֹ⣬ݺύ֣Ҳһչ¶ɱ
Ѱûܣֳ֣ɱʱһֱɱ˽ȥ
ת˲ӰûС
˶¶֮ɫǵ֮һУ͵ڽ֪ƿص磬뱻֮У
ͫתɫѰֲҲе⡣
Ϊԣʥ֮棬ɻľһĵ֮ڡ
̫
ǣӵоԵţΪԼƾֶ
ôûʲô
ȻѰѰ·֮ˣôֻ֤ƾֵţ
һǾ찡
𶼲
֪׵ĺڰ̹У绯һöӣ֪ܵˡľѹ
֮һȫ񣬶Ѱϵľٶǣе⡣
֪ԼҲ¶һĨԳЦݣԭУ֪׵ĺڰǿô
˵תڰٿȻת
ǡһģʹĻ
ڰ׽֯磬ݺе㣬ӳֳƥɱ
ѰӰһϣһɫħɱ
ִУ
Ŀʼɫħһöӣ֪УѰðȻֵߡ
飡
Ѱָһ͵شɫħ˲䱬ڰƮ
ӰȻϡ
ˣ֪״Ƿһ˿΢Ц֣Ѳ֣һġʼˡ
ͼ
Ѱ֮ظһۺڰףԸֳһӰÿһ֪׵ģ
ֻеɢڰҹ֮⣬ħɫᣬԿ
еԡʥ嫣
¡
ֱãЩӰɱÿһϢ֮ʢ֪û
̫ˣ
˱ڴˣػΪ֮ӣɼľ֮С
ѰȴƻȻΨһԨĺ
ȵ֮ȷʵɶ컯һִĸо
壬ӡ
ȶ֣֮ȷʵԣ
˼ʱѰѺȻ


1998 
ѰӰأֱǰ壬Ҫûʮ
䣡
뷨Ѥõķ֯
һȭǰɱһӰܵ籩ݲУ˲䱬飬ȭһա
Ӱ֪ϢͬģҲһޣɱϾ֪ױ𣬼ǻۣҲ־ɵۡ
ӰҲǿƥվǵסѰɱ
¡
ѰȭţƶУǳɱһӰԱѰɱɡ
ˣ
ѰȻ
֪֪׿϶ü
Ȼһ֪׵𣺡ֶģСף֣ʢɴһᡭϣ㻹ˡ
ƽ
ѰüĿɨ磬ͼڰཻ岼򼫾Զ
ûʱ˷ѣҲܽȫһֶƾ֣Ҳϣ㡭ܳŵסɡ
ѰʱܣٿȻӿɬĪĵ⣬ڡ
Ӱһ񽣣Ϭâ¶
ѰµĺڰٿȻӿһɿµĽڰִУѰѹ
һѣȴһƽܹɱã
䣡
УѰɢĿֲܣһٽǽ飬ĺڰ׷дը
ѰҲǰС
һ˲ɱٶӿ֣ڰҲ仯ɢϢ֮ǰǿһء
һ̣ѰڱĻɬУȴӿֳĿ̫ѺХ
ʮ꣡
䣬ڶӡɱϤݿ壡

ƿغڰ֪׽һĻĻ۵ףҲпѰ֮ͬе֮
ֻʸũﶼУȷǿĿ¡
Խˣ֪Խ侲ͼᶨ
Լĵͬžţ

֪һڰڣѰڵʱͺڰѭһԲĹ֡
ڣڣǷֻ֮Լ䣬Իػ֮֮
Ѱɫƽһָ̳
飡
ǻԲĺڰ׹֣Ȼ顣
ڰ
֪侲ڰٶһ䣬һڰϮصҹĻ١
ƣǿһ֡
䣡
Ѱ³һ󤣬ڿգҫѩľ޴ҡڣǺڰҡ

󣡡
Ǳ
񲻶ɣ
ΪΣ
ʱУ֪׾һλʥ֣УףѰӡΧɱ
УѰһ·ǰ壬вУ񣬷âɵ
һĶ֮ս
ֻѰھУ֪ھ⣬˴˹һĻĻĶǵɱ
ǺڰУϣʱɲӳֲ֣ס
ǣ֮ˣ޷ŵ龰Ͼ֪׵ĵ֮һе֣ھУ޷֮ա
Ļѱһ˸ɱ
ΪѰ֪ףչֳԿǾʥеļ֮ߴ棬ͷųҲѴﵽͬо׵ĵز
ֻǣʱƣ֪ɫѽ
Ѱ֣ڶԾǰͽն񴦾ڲز
£Ѱأһ·ɱնֳ޵ѹ֮ƣ
ѰͿ£֪һŵĸо
֪ڰͬƿصأɱף
ƾʩչɱУ϶ѰΧºɱȴվȫƵ
ʮ·ӣ
֪׽ȫתɫׯ࣬ɱﵡ
һսѵһսѰҲ֮֡
û֮һ
ԽˣԽսȼһ̳ױˡ
ͼ
ڰڣʮ˵ʮ˵ڰۣʮϯȼǬ
һĻֱù񾪾塣
Ѱ΢΢̧ͷӳһĻӰһսҲǱ׵ȼ
ԭڱ֣ڴ˿̽
䣡
ȭԨڿգͷųɲ񷣬ơ
һȭ
Ȼɢڰ͵һ󶯵
֪ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͫ
ѰջĿ⣬ǰС
һˣУɱڰһ·ң޿赲
֪һַ֮֡
ͣ
ڰ׽ڣΪһܵϣԳɲķһ֮ڡ
ۿɼһƽڽڱǣ
ϵһϡ
ţ
ն
֪һһǣڰƣŭն¡
֮£š
ν֮š
Ѱ¶֮ɫ΢΢һͣ٣лӿ֣Ϊ¯֮״
飡
һն䣬¯ֵײţͼ¯ڣһӱ޾
һ˲׹¯֮ڣڹУ¯һգ
ͬʱһİҲ糱ˮ㣬ӿѰͷ쵽һıʡ
ߵĲͬ;һд˾ֻ֮ǣ
Ѱڵ
֪ƮЩ޷ţϣһɱֶΡ
һϡšɱ׼һؾ
ڣȴѰĴһˡ
ѰĻ֪һǿҵĲܵ޷ܡ
֣ҵҪܵסС
֪зâӿ
䣡
ڰڣһۣһΪڣһΪףдĴ
˽һеŭ
ڶϡ
ˮ
һˮգ
֮ţһһƣȻѰյġȥ޻ءżơ
ʵϣһʱѰԥʩչģҲȥ޻һʽ
꣬սԣһսɱ㣬ȴֻһʽȥ޻أ
һʽ̺İغܣ㹻ѰΪⱾһĵ۵С
ûг⡣
֪һѣɢ
ȥ޻صɨúڰٴһ𣬾Ҷ
֮ܲ£֪ɫò԰֣Ѫ
һѾǷ缫ȼգ׺ޱչɱ
ϡ
Ķϡ޹顱
ϡ顱
ϡԿա
ͼڰڣĺڰ񸡳һһкգ϶졣
ڰһʷǰĽ籩
磬ġҲ͵زǺڰ߷Զ֮ǰĿֲϢ
һЩ˶еͷƤ飬ѪҺҪᣬϢ
޿ɣ֪һеļ֣һҲעֲ˼
еѰǷһУסһɱ


1999  ѷһ
ڰڣܼ񸡳˸ذһơ
ÿһ֪ױ֮Ѫɣ˵һеļͷҲΪ
һ̣֪ȼգü価Ǿζ
ģҪֳʤʱ޻ڣ
٣
һ쳹
ৣৣৣৣ
һһն£ڰĴȫǣһؿֲ׳ʣҪ
ȴ
Ѱ˿̾¶һĨЦ⣬ͫ׵ӳ콣Ӱž
ĳˣȴʱ
Ƶ̾УѰӰٿһƬ硣
һ¯֮ΣݴԨ֮״Լȴ׳ĺ羰ӳУ쾭γǳļתǨ
ϸȥȴ磬Ī״
Ѱĵ֮ڴ˿ؼͷš
䣡
춯صĺ쳹
ͼһһɱĽǣ׹֮Уȫû
ţѰĺڰһըֲܵĻɡ
ۣ
֪׿Ѫͫţֽű䣬ӿ˵𺳣š
ᡭ

ڰԲĵӴΪ壬޵ΪӣߣӲɱ³
ǡģ
˭족ܹ
ںڰУ֪׾ǡ족
ɱᣬ飡
ڣ족ȴˡ
¡
ڰһ̮٣ǿֲĻӰһѪڣڽһɡ
֪׻亹͸ɫɷף򲻸ʡȻ𺧶΢΢š
ڰһе֣ܵƻʱҲܵµķɡ
ͼǲʺѪʳеĹҲðڲϱأ
ֻǣȴƻȻ۾ֱؿһ𣬷أ޷ţġ
ֻԼһĽһĻ֮¡Ȼ
ΪΡΪͬΪ֮֮ȴ˲⡭ҵ̰
ͳ֪״쳹
䣡
ˣڰ֪ǰһա
ѰӰһĨǰ貵Ĺ⣬ƾֶƾԣ˳Ⱦ
ڽŹע֮սڳˣһĻʱһ㶣¶֮ɫ
ƾˣ
š
գأƾֶ֪ǿǰ֮ܣ
˵
ѰδҲ̫ǿΰ쵽ģ

û֪Ϊսںڰڣеɱ棬Ҳֻ֪һˡ
֮ϣ֪ˡ
һ̾
ڳˣܱеģָ֪ױ֮һ
ϧѰˡ
ˡ
ؽ߬
Ҳڴʱǿ֪ס
ͷɢؽǰմȾѪգɫɷףħһ㣬ĬȻ
˶ʶһУ֪޷ĳش
֪֡
סһ
Ұˡ
֪׿ɬһЦ̬įĿ⿴ԶѰֵ֮ǿҲ۽磬óϷ
˶٣һ֮ǰԼֿȡκƷµ
ȫţ˶ݣ׷׽Ŀ⿴Ѱ
֣ȷֳʤܷ񡭡ˡ֪һΣ
̲ס顣
԰ǱƲѣϲ˵ͷ顣
ɴʱȻѹ˲Щ
ѰȻҪĳ컯ĳɲȤȻ䣬һھ뿪˵أ±㵽Ϊֹ
Ҫ󣬶޵߶ԣѼأѽܡ
Ͼǹɽư֮ǰ뿪ҲζŽʧһرĻᣡ
˭Ľܣ
ɶ֪׶ԣڶҪ󷴵ǿ֮⡣
л֣
ͼѿڵΪ⣬һ֪һ뿪ٲһرᡣ
˻һȫȻ
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊ֪˾ϣ⸶ɾ̫ˡ
֣㡭
֪ײԾɲ˵꣬ͱϣôˡ
֪ӿůܴܣľҰľٶȴһĨ⣬ɢޡ
ֵܣ
֪ЦƳ״һҰ߳
֣´
һɫСƿóյݸԶѰ
ƿͫһУЦĿˣ治
ߣֵܼȲҲͼԵͱﰭˡ
֪Ѱ˹֣תȥ
¸ƣΨҴ棬֣ǡ
˵ţ֪һ𲢼ȥ
ĿȥȺĳޱȼֵľߡ
壬ҶϸᣬҲ
գ֤·ϣд˶ӡ
иֳһԤС
㣬ֻ֤·ϣ̫µˡϣԺټɡ
ѰеɫСƿૡ
ƿڣӡһöҩԪڵʥҩڶ
֮ġƾϵΪֻ̫ʱڲųֹ紫˵㲻ɼ
֪ףһ屦սĴۣ
Ѱе⣬ж֪׵ӡǸĹ۲١
Ȼյ֣֪סˣôʤģŲںܶڰԸˣ
һ仰ȴóձ΢
˶ҧգֱǸȣһЩֻض˼ƫƫҪ˵
𡣡
ѰɨӳУȻˣĳ⣬ɱ۵ġ
⣬ȴ԰Ե緶
֮ǰǿƣڵһսǿƣڳһЩǿ߶üɡ
һѵͲ֪ʲô
˵ΪĶٵΣգ
ô룬ʱ˿̣˸һӦѰĻ
֪׵ĲҰܣҲʶѰǿͿɲ˭ҲٴȥѰȥ
ˣѰջĿ⣬ϥأ̷ҩʼޡ
֮ǰһսȷĲ̸أʶĻơ
ʱƣư֮ǰָ֮ǰƽ
Ⱥ۷ֱڲͬ򣬾ܣĬȴš
ҲԴ̸Բߡ
ֻһУѰùġ
ְ֣֪ˡ
ʱ󣬺ȻһЦ𣬾ͼһµطЦشԶ
̬ɵΧͶĸĿ⣬ֱѰǰ
ҿǷɽǣ㣿Ѱһۡ
ؾĻԻŮͱ˵ʱطִԣѰƽ
Ѱ⣬û뵽ϲֵļһǵȾ֮£ȥԼ
ȻԵúܲѰܲ顣
˵ǷɽˣĴħͷΣҵĶɣɶʱ¹Щ
ط˵ţһƨѰߣ̸Ц


2000 ĵս
طѰһ࣬һЩǿߵɫ΢䡣
ңһصĹ֮壬ǿչŵϣ޵֪ҵĴڡ
ֻͥȻҵĵǺϡ
ԡΪգһ䲻Ѱ飬ζһЩ۾ﶼľ
ܾ֮˿֪ӵкεǿͬû˵
ӹɣ֮ʱȻǿͥҲײǡ
֮ǰؾĻΪѰִԵطԻŮ۵ݣҲºֻ֣طҡ
ɴ˱֪Ϻε֮طΪҺᣬȻ˲С
˭Ҳû뵽֪ѰǷɽ£طǸѰһ
㲻ģҵġ
Ѱ룬йؽư֮ŵһһ֮
ˣֻһܹư֮ţʱҿɲɱһ
ѰĿ⿴ط̬档
ģֻһ𡭡
طһͷԽ
һĴȣЦ˵֣㻹һκ˾ɡ
Ŀһɨȫƣôݲһ֣϶һսֻҪлᵽһ̨Ʊػһйʱ㽫ٵģʮԵУĴ
Ȼֹ㣬˭ֻҪһ̨ԻΧ˵Ҫư֮ţɺܲס
Ѱɫڵ컯ܴգⱾ֮е顣
ˣһǿְɡ
ط̾ҶʲôرûʲôȤ¾֣ȥŻɣҼͷ֪ŪҲɡ
ǰֻ뿴һɽǸĴ֮أ˳Ҳһͬ˵ķɣ棬һСҲǿɾͳ군ˡ
˵գһʯϣյȣԣá
Ѱ˼òǲ˺Է˰ɣ
ط͵Цְ֣ҶɿɴӲίԼ顣
˵ﹾοһرѣֲûС
⣬ȴ¶һɰ⡣
Ѱ֪ԭһļУҲһر
ңһ֮壿

ʱš
ǧɸߵư֮ţ˸ŷܵĴ꣬ƻá
ֻǣΨһɴĵ̨֡
ȴ½һһõóеҲѹֺͽš
֣ɻָ۷壿
Ȼһƽˮ쳹˳еļž˵֮ʱ˶¶ɫ
ӰһϮۣһͷ׷һԳγտȻ䡣
ģ
ͥĵӵһˣһưʥһĴ棡
һȱΪʥе޵У
ư֮ǰ˵˼ɵһˣȻɡ
˿̿ڣҪʲô
޲档
ΨͥЩ֪
УѰΪ֮ͬˡ£ᱲеСĸп
ˣһ׷ɱѰĻᣬ˵ɲɵ۳֮컯ֻѰƽһ
ҲЩͥ˵һμһҰףµʦ֣һˡ
ϥصѰԶģȻѻָ֪кָ̣
ڵ̸ָϣʱһߵ͡
䣡
˻һһ籩ϯȫ궯ɫд˾
ģ
һҫǿյĴȴڴʱս
̫˼飬˶Լ䣬Ͼĵݺɲ
ΪУѰȻǿҲܺȥȽϣҲ޷Ტۣ
ŶΪʲô
Ѱأڵϣ̬
룬һͼ޷֣һܡ
ˣ
Ѱü
ˡ
ɫƽͣѰڴ˾޵̫ãѾΪƾ֮ǰ޿ɿһս֮ˣ룬ֺгѾõս⣬ٶȻѡ
޷ƽ
֪ԭУϿѰǿɿһսĶ֣
ȥǿչŵ¶Ϊ֮䶯
Ѱ˵ȻЦĳپܾǻᱻη壬ˣսһֺη
ʦ֣ʱսʱЩ׵һͥżѡ
֮ǰѰ֪׶Ծ֪װˣȻ˳ѰӮˣͬĴ
ͬĺѰһսҲʤһ̨һ֣֮֮УԶ˶ԣȻԿ٣
ᱲڼĻ˵Щ
ĵȻΪ
һϣ־һ˿ɶҡ
˽Ŀܡ
һս仹ʼ˶Կһ˸ǿյĴ¼ǧѵһ
Ȼս֮ܵıԪˣʤͬҲΪĴ
һЩԹ߶ԣһ׮£
ϾĺѰԿǼɲĴڣ˵в̫ˡ
̤߳Ϣƽ棬ȴȫ˵Ŀǣ
֣롣
˸ơ
ԻޣˣϴǦľǧз豹ϡ
˿̵ģǰţѰУȴȻԲһиɻ֮С
ҲգĳԱʾˣʾء
Ѱһ
Ӱûٿ֮䣬𣬺ڷƮɢʵȻ飬֮׽壬һַ֮һ־׵ϡ
˽ԲĿͷһ
һ֮ǰõľֻһһ֪ף
̫ļˣ
ǰǿ䱾ָúεǿʢ
ȴһĨ󣺡ֻǳϣսע˼
ѰűرԴ֮Уڴ˿̲һֹ绶
Ѱ䣬ֻһ䣬񣿡
Ƶȫһս
ɡ
Ѱͷ
գһɱ£εĿֲϢҲ֮
˶ɫ䣬ľ׷˱ܣı
ˣ
ȻڴʱһĺٿȻư֮쳹ͼһ̨֣ǷܶʢĴ꣬˳
̨߸ߣһͨӣ߲ɣһƬأʱͷųһɺĲãϢѹȵն˲ڳ
˽һ
˭Ҳû뵽ĺѰս֮ʣһǿȴõĵ̨ˣ
ţ궯ÿǿϽսһԴ
ģĿˡ
طֹ
ӿһ̾ս٣ʱսʱѲԣ֣˵أ
ѰĿ䣬һư֮ŵĵ̨ڵұһսߵͣΣ


2001 
һһȻˮ˿̾ǺشЦ
ּд⣬ɿܾܾǱһսһߵͣ
쳹
˶ɫ䣬﷢ࡣ
֮ǰǻΪһˣֵɽۻ
һɱǱ̨ĻսУҪʧ꼰ˣ
ˡ
̨ɢãϢƮա
Ⱥ۱˴˶ӣȴһ˸ᣬǹͷ񣬳Ϊʸ֮ġ
̨֪ͣһʱ䣬ȻܹϣҲֱӾͳư֮ڡ
ˣȺҲԸһǰ
һʱ䣬նù
ǣȴ˴˾ͽ䱸˳
Ǵ˰
طЦڣҪȥһ£׼ʱλΣ
˵ţҪ߹ȥ
ɾһ˲һֲɱϯطϣõһĽŲջ
ãҷܿ˰ɡ
ƲƲ죬û᱾үҪ֮лжһغ
϶ѪɺӰҲս
һ˵
طƳһۣʶʲôݺݵСУɱá޳ġңүͽСĸˣ
æҡͷҲҡ
طЦˡ
Σ֮ϥΨһСӣ۸һУʲôõġ
Ȼֹط֪һЩӵܣͬҲһЩط
ʱƣѹֺͽš
Ⱥ۴Ӳͬһյĵ̨Ҳǿʢضɫ䡣
Ƕڵȡ
ȵ̨ư֮ŵһ̡
Ҳֻʱ֣ϣǫ̃˳ƽư֮š
СѣһͲɽйصӡһӡϢȥǵ̨ͨ벻鷢
ȻѰĺ
Īǣʦ㵱ڴк֣Ѱһ
ֻҲǽ֪ԣ޹ѽһϣ£һգһϣó
һ·ϣ˼ãֻ뵽׼к֣ô϶ڸһӡС
ԭˡ
ѰһԺиֳйزɽӡ
ͬʱȥ͸Ӧһ̨
䣡
һ˲Ժо𣬾ӡȻŹӿֳһöġַš
ͬʱյĵ̨͵һ˵һ类һֻδֽѰ߷
ԴȺۼˣ¶֮ɫ
Ѱһǰ֣
Ҳһ̣ѰһֲɱǵذԼϣжʱһЦ
ʦһϣȷʵãҲ̫ˣֱӾͰһ̨˹
һõһ¾ͳʸ֮ģ
ɱ
˱ȣֱӼһڵ۽ƿɱ
һʣʶΪѰڰֽţҲͬһһѹֽѾõ֮սױȼˡ
֣
ѰĿ֮£Ҳֱ̨ŶûУ
ɱ
һ󱩺쳹ֱ͵ӲͬӳѤöĿֲޱߡ
ֱڣư֮ǰѻʮǿߣһҪôǺһľҪôĿܡ
һ֣ȫɱһʱǵ龰ֱù˱ܣ
̫£
ǵ޲۷壬Ǳ۱ȴɱһХɱһֲֿݣ
һҲ̫ļ˰ɣ
طɵۡ
һˣʮԵУ֮ơ
Ӷ
ˡ
üɲţѰ޴֮ѡʱȶ֡
˿̵Ѱȫп˵뵽ʦĺ֣ȻȲԤϵá
εǣͶܵĻᶼûˣ
Σֵʱ̣Ѱսĥս־һ̽Ժеȫ
ľҲ֮γ飬侲ѩ
䣬һĨȻ
䣡
ӿ֣Ԩա
Ѱͷֶɵ

쳹һǹ˸ĵ֮նǳ֮⣬ʹײ
һʱ䣬ǳ飬ɽ
ǳ۵ϢĴꪱɡ
ֻǣű౦͵˷ХѰû
ˮкеսìͭ籩ɱ
¡¡
ڣϢʮأֲϯҪƬĨ
طɫ䣬ֽű䡣
˹ģȺ죬δţδ
֪ǷȺģһǾʥĴڣһս
һȫɱìͷָѰһˣֱκ˶е
УһЩ˲֣ġױˣɸػɣ̨ϣǲԹֻۣǴѡ
ѰҪꡭ
Ʈͬû֣һ˲սȴе
Ѱϧˡ
һ̾
ԭѰӦһһмвĴڣɾΪȳ֣ʮɱ
⻹ôս
ȫͺʤ㣡
¡
غը
ɳϵǣȿֲɱ֮£ͼѰĴԨҶȴױ
Щ۱ɱ£ϣбѹƵļ󣬿ȴ㹥⣡
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ͫһУͷ𵴡
ڴʱ
䣡
춯ذľУѰΪģɬĪĻٿţǡԨϯ
֮ɿգ촷ۣ
֮ͷųһ⣬ϰѹһڵ۱Χ¡¡ʥ
䣬һǱֵ֮ɱȴת
ΧѰȺۼˣһ𵴣¶֮ɫš
ȷ̫˼飬һˣǵΧɱ
ȥ˭ţ
ͣͣ
طһĴȣ
Ҿ֪
ظƵģаˣĿͱĨˡ
ǡⰡ
ס
Ҳס
ĿһĻģƾһεĸо
ʱѰڲ֪ʱһ̨ϣͷʻɬĹ⣬硣
磬ӿļµһϮеȻȺ
˿̵ǡħѹ
֮˰
зһпѰһŤתƵǿ̬Ծ
̨ĳҪˣ
ѰȻȴ쳹ȫ
ڣȼյ۽֯Ȼ޵֮ɡ



2002 ɱ¾
֮ǰѰһˣһͬеľ
ɫŨںڳ̫Ԩһ򵱹Īơ
ˡ
ѹʱգϼӳĵѰ绯һü֮価ɱ
̨ѰҪˣ
ԣгֶݵļžһЦ
õ
Ѱս죬ڴ˾еټһ˶ѣҲ˽
ⷽɽϣǿ񰡣

̨֣ͿɱܿȺΣգɣΪҪƴ
̲ס
ͬա˵뷨Ǿ̾ѰֽסΪ䵣ǡ
ȻԷڶ࣬ɱϾͬһӪ֮ǰΧѰ޷ǲԸһ̨ռѡ
ֻҪڷ̨ݱܷâЩں֮Ϊ̨˭ȥѰƴ
ֻǣѰȴҡͷûн͡
ôΪʦӡԵʣһ̨һֶϵõǵ̨ӰΣ˦
͸ÿ
ѰɫĮȻĿһһɨڳˣ³һ仰
ȻһˣȴһеУ
δ£Ѱư֮ŷȥ
£̨ӰΡ
һĻ˽Բɫ䣬š
ǰҲᵽ̨ͼɱΧư֮ڡ
ǵ̨ʹ޷ݣεͣУõ˹һ
Ҳ϶˵̨ǿãֻܵʱ׷һư֮š
ڣһĻˣ̨类ѱ׷Ѱһж
һѰӵư֮ŵĻᣡ
ͻıʣҲڳȺ۽޷ˡ
ȻġױˣҲͫһС
֣
ɱ
һóѣ
Уڳǿ߽Ժԥɱ
ûѰǵ̨ư֮ţ

ѰǰһƿɱһϵƵɵ͵һն¡
ৣ
ʢӴ䣬һɾ񱩵ܣɱѰ

ѰָһһĨӨӨտտĽ籡һ˲ӭǵâ
ըӿɢ
ҿڲɽſֲĴȻһܻ֮ٵһƬ׳ɽӡ
ǽɫһϳֿȭѣȴȻӲһ۵
¡
ʱѰÿһ缡ƽ绯һƬ֮ʮ־ˡ
ն
ٴγ֣ϵƲƵս񱩣ױٲԺɨ֮ɱ
ǿҲɱһعؿѰǰ֮·ӲͬѰй
һΧѰƱؽղǰıʮܵС

أѰӡӳֳذĿֲٲȻͬһڿգ⣬ѹȥ
¡
ϵ絶âٲӡ飬δ赲һ֣ɢ̫졣
ͫһЩֲ

Ӧ̫˺ʱգ꣬ķ˼һƬض飬һƬҵĽ
ѲɱⱻΧһƬ롣
ã
˲䣬ɫˢرòҰףܵһΣϢӿȫ

Σʱ̣ظֳһɫףɢڹ⣬ʢޱȣȫ֣ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣסꡣ
һ죬ӡɱ£Ǻɫ׶ʱƣҲȻ顣
ţҲըѪ
ļ£ǿһλݽɫսҲǿƥ
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ѰˣǰУٶȲν졣
ֻǣǰ·赲ĵ̫࣬ʩչͨ߷ţһ˷Ѱɱ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭؿŭƣָ֮
һ˸ǿյľʥһֿ֣ɲԾס

Ѱ磬ӭϡ
һΣϲ벽
¡
ʱ¯ʱԨʱӳֳĪ״
ѰȫתǴ˷ɱĵţ뺣ûڻ֮С
ԶԶһ򷨲֣
һ⣬ͬһ磬ͷųѹŽδĲãƣϺͺĵ۱Ӳ
Ĳؽ
һ̣Ѱһ˶ѣȴӲȺۼлݺأǵδѹֳһƽɫ൱ľƣ
ڳȫ𺧣ĳĿѣ¶˭Ҳ޷󣬺ͬһˣȴӵ
̫˳ԾȻһֱ˼飡
򣡡
ϣһλ뷢İŭһˮƿһƿкغˮǡϯҪѰɱ
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¡
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ΧѰǿҲľɫء
֣ͨѰֻǹһˣ˶ڣɲȫԸسҲעѽ
֮Ѱʵк޼ɣ˾޵еĿֲλҵ
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ɱ
˻쳹Ⱥ۽ʩչȫ
Ҳȷٲұ׷׼ѹֶΣɱѰͣƬضһֱĴ֮С
һʱ֮䣬ɱ𣬼Хʢһգɲսͬ磬ŰХ˷˺ʱգϯ˷
Щ϶˵֮ͬ͵һͿЩ콾ƵġôоѰһӵ껹ײУ
طֹɫҲ޲ΪѰҡź
㡭Ҫȥæ𣿡
̲סʡ
ط˸ۣƨǿֵģǳѹѰķͷô죿
ҾǲңѹǷͷҵǿɺûһϲţġӰԸ̡
ҲĿǰѰգɲδܵʲôĴѹ
Ψһ˵ĵǣġױϡЩһĿֲδ
в

սУѰѹȴη壬෴ԽսԽ£ھڣȼսԽԽʢսֶҲԽԽͿ͡
̤ʥЩ꣬Ѱμӹ۵ȣҲμӵ˻Ӣ۵ʢУ˲֪پɾ޵Ķ֣֪ɱս
ֱ񣬻ܹܣ˱ȵޱȵľ
Ҳõãһֱлȥƴȥһս
ڣư֮ǰѰٵģԿֲһɱ١
ͬģҲӵһμͷţɱĻᣡ


2003 
˿̵Χǰδ֮ѹȣͬҲһս⣬׵ȼ¯ڣ

սУأѰ͵һХХ޷측֣һͻͽ

һĨģЮ֮Ƭ񷣬ϬĿУһնִ磬ʢޱȡ
Ȼ֮ǰնϱ۰İУһУҪո
͵һھѪȼձԴȫܡ
¡
ʱձ飬һĨ̫޼᲻ݣվɽӣƾӱ任ܣջǱһС
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬ӲǶϱ۰ǰķն飬ƲնΪ롣
Ѫҽػؼ䣬ڳˣ
ӣһ̫ŵĹŴ̥ʹ˱Ȼһִ־壬䣬Ŀ
ڳ˿ͷƤ飬Ժȫ𾪣ѽʵ
ˣ
ⳬ
һھΧɱ£ѰǿϮʱ½֣Ǻεȵƣ
ǿ֮ͬеİǿչŵǧѵһȻ׼ۣǷУ
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˸ѰɱǰӵĹУͬʱŰ˷ΧȫѰһ𿪣һУ
֮ˣ˭ܲˣ
˵ǰѰֻһɱѡʸũһˣһ˫ıս
ôգһ˼漣ݣ
˼飬޷ܣӵ˾ս˴лպҲĻ˸񣬰Ⱥ
ֻмףѰ߱սѴﵽεȿֲĳ̶ȡ
ΪѰǾʥΪʱܻͿǧ塢˵ɱ
Ҫ֪ǱѰܣƾͿǧǵĵ̣Ҳͬʸɽġ
˵˵ɱĻʸũͿѣһʥڶһʥ壡
Ҫ֪˵ս֮ǿ󣬶ѹڳһЩǿߣ
գǻˡ
бѰ֪ܵףٲȻ̤ϴ˾֮·ƿصĺڰֲ޷
գҲˣ
һж֤ѰսǺεȿ¡
ңȱ۱Ҳɱﵣ
һı˷ɽ֮֮ӡ޷죬ǵġؾŵ۱֮
ÿһĪ֮
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һֹ̣ΧѰȺ۳ԾЩԶ񣬴ǿߣҲƽ
Ѱ̫ɲˣΪһУֱ޷
ġױˣһ¶֮ɫ

սУȺٴУÿһתȫΪԺɱ⡣
һɽųʢ⣬˴˺Ӧؼ޾⣬ǹꡣ
˱ʣǳףѰսжǿᣬ֪õ
Σգ
ԭ޿֣Ϊƾ֣ؿɽɱ
ڡ
ѰǲԳľսȴȴΣ
ৣ
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Сӡƣ
ڣҹɢ¡һѹǰ
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սҲǿֲףÿһǿ߶ͷء
Ᵽ
һ
ͼһͷڣ멵Ŀ̤նףƶ졣
籱飡
ʥ̫ŵϺᡣ
ƿһӲӵĵ۽ԽâɱѲ߮䡣
䣡
췭ظһƬѤܲڤΪɢĺƺƥꡣ
ʱ֮䣬Ѱǰ裬籱鵲ס
ɲ˸ˣ֮䣬۵һ籱ѪѰԶлɣӰģѪ½
ò˵ǿѲԶˣ޷ͻʸũȽϡ
ѰڽɫĮ
𶯣籱ҵһȫȫұˡ
Ƭؾǻǿʢ񱩣ֲѹ֮һѹѰ
ǹɱµڣ֮
ھеѰȴһͷԨʼղܣǰС
жƵƵ裬ȴҲڽԶư֮űƽš
¡¡¡¡
ضݡ١𣬿ֲײﻯΪ֮򣬹˿һС
Ŀģ
أǹ긲ǵսУһ̶
һޱȵ˻쳹
ϣҺƴˣ
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ͬʱѰɱ쳹
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һĨǿһƹ⣬ٿȻ£һͷ­ڿշѪ䣡
ͷ­ܸߣϴž֣Ųʣ˲š
ĿУֻѰӰ˳Ȼնɱ֮ƽݣ˶һơ
ͨ
ͷʬ׹أѪⱬ顣
һλﱻնɵ
ʥ֮Ѫޣʵ⣬ܿ컯޵Ĺ⣬ؼɢ
һĻٴȫ˼ҪϢ޷󣬲ֻƬʱ䣬һλǿߺѰ֣֮
Ƿζţһھ֣ҲѰ֮У
ʱѰư֮Ѳɣ
սڳδ˶顣
Ϊ½ѰеˣսƱҡ
˸Ҵ⣬ѰӲ
ѰͬûκγɣȻһݺȺۼлУںڳ裬磬Ͷ֮䣬һƻȫʮһ𲻿սʤĸ㣬
ǵ֮ţڳ˽Զһ𺧣ҡΣ֡
ۣ
ûãѰץסһʱϣӲһ̤һλǿߵԴ

Ѫ걬ҽж˾ͱɱ״֮ңڳÿˡ
Ѱɱ˵ͬʱһ˿һ½Ůһ׹״۱Ӳ粿
飡
ػѰӰһΣѪһ󷭹Ѫ
ڳϵǣѰ˷ôʱӰ͵һͷײŮӻС
Ůԭ͵Ϯ֣ҪûɱѰ룬Էܣʱ˸ֲ
꣡
һ쳹Ůֻоһɽƣÿһ缡ھȫըٽסһļС
˺һӲըѪ


2004 ޷
һж̫죬ѰһһǿߵԴٵˣֱʱײŮӣǰ󲻹ɲ֮䣬˶Ӧ
һȻյɱĻʱٴˡ
ˣλӵ˸ǿ֮ľһбѰɱ
ǰǰ󣬲Ƭ̹
ǵɱе̬ƣ֪ɫ䡣
Ҳһ̣Ѱ縺ˣȾѪ
Ҳǿսһơ
ˣ֤ǲսʤ
ӷ
ɱ
ȺۿܣƱ֮ǰΪѸͺͿ¡
ԭѰΧ֮£أܺǰУ½֣˵дùġ
ټġױϵȾһֱ֣Ҳмɵ̵ְ
ʶΧѰʱԾ̳ˡ
ϾԵãȴûҪ
ѰˣȺۿһϣһɱѰȡ̨Ŀܣ
ɱ
Ƭ꣬Ǭնҡ
˶ѣΪǶȵĻ᣿
ѰɫɱƸδһ㣬ǿʢޱȡ
¡
ɱУƬ̣ٴһλǿ߱ɱ
ֿסѰѹҪӱܣȴѰУһɱ
ѾɥѰеĵˣɵѲ׸
ѰѸˣҪ翹ɣ
籱⣬ؼһɫǿɱ
֮ǰѰһˣΪһγѼɱﵣһ˹֮۱

䣡
һ˷ϢڣһƬ磬ĥգǿƥ
ѰһЦӭȥӡ֮Կ
ৣ
չףһ֮ͷ籱ɱһ
¡¡
߼䣬Ӳֶξһϯﲻ
һħƣӡ⣬ɱ֮죬ɱĻ찵ء
һս籱ٶƣȫѰѹ񱦣ֻѱѰɱ
ͣ
籱ͬʶ㣬оŭ͵һھѪ
һ޽ɫ֣ŭĿֳɱ¡
տʼҲǽɫΰƥһĪĵ۱õһҲǿµ˼¡
ߣ
Ѱߣüͬӳһ
ӰѩϼΣһ³Ƶģ֮ǨԸС
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ɽ֮أɲ˼ǿ
¡
ǧϯסһȫѹƣ˰ϡ
Ѱִӡһͷ㣬ȥɱ¡
籱ɫ䣬ִ֮һڵ۽Ӳ
䣡
ӡ͵۽棬ϣʱնŤ飬¡һһ۽Ӳҷɡ
˶𺳣Ѱ̫ǿˣ籱鶼ȫѹԿʵھˡ
ۣ
գ籱пѪĵˣͨ尵ޱȣܵش
԰͸ž֣һŨŨ𺳺Ͳ⡣

Ѱɫ֮Ļܶӵķ籱û

ŭʵ˻쳹Ȼֹ
Ż籱ĥԪ촷ۣɵ
һλǿ䣡
һɲǣҲӿһĨ¶⣬ڶܵһɴδйķŭ;㤡
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˶־ٶȶҡ
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طЦһƴӼϣ˵ǧΨС͡ˣڿǼһأ
Ψŷ۵ļЦ
Զġױϡ˶ɫأս𣬴
һֱڵһʵʱ
ڴʱ
սУһѩĵէ֣иգصĹնѰ
̫죬ӿռ֮Ҳ̫Ϭǵ޿赲Ŀơ
ǣ˵ѰĻпף˲ɱѰǰ
ѰһëȻ͵سһܡ
Ȼʱ̣Ըһ
ۣ
µһĻ֣Ѱ֯ķʧȥܣһĨ״ǰ˺һѪܵ˿ڣƤ
ػɣѰһ˿϶һƶǵ³
ΧѰǿ߶һĻ
һ̫Ϳ£
˽ܣӷ
һΣѰܵʵ˺㱻ƶǣ
Ҳʱǲע⵽֮˭
һ꣬ſ㣬һȴ֮Ҳǿʢƥ
ܣ
ͥĴˣһʥʮĴڡ
Ʊȷ籱顢ѶһЩǰõؾУȴֵüڡ
Ƶͥƽ̫Ŀܵıֺ󣬶пΪʥʱˣ
ɴ˿ɼԵǰԣѸԾ׼ȥ֤ܵǿ
עǰѵ
Ĵ磬ָͨ͸ѩƻðĴǡ
޷ؾŵ۱֮һ
طѿڶɫˡ
궯޷ƽ
Ѱеӡ޷ص۱޷ǿ֮ż
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һλ޵ߣǿľĵ뷨Ψˣܲٿɱܡ
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޷֮˶
֮ǰҲƾ˵ĶɱѰһֲ˺
Ѱһиýˡ
̤һ޷ѩĵɢضʧɫĹ⡣
˽Կܣתƺˣ
ġױϡ˽Ҳ˳ֵ׼
Բѡ
Ѱһǰ˿ֺϣˣ֮ǰһɵ˺ɫ԰֡
Ǵ޷Ŀ£ϣͷŵĻȴǰ׻ġ
㶷սˣģѸˣޣʲô
ɫᣬ쳹ȫ
˵ʱһ
ৣ
Ĵ糤޷һһѩӣӲҫۣԵ֮
һȴӡһ֮к־Ѹ޷һĿ£
ԭΧѰǿʶرãΨֱһ
ɾڴʱȴѰ䣬ܣΨ̽һֻ֣Ȼڣ
գ˵


2005²
ৣ
һĨ򷨵ĵնʱͷƤ飬ܿ²
ٶ̫죡
ѰʱȻѩĵüޡ
Ѱķͬ裬һӶ
һΣѰûжܵĴ㡣
ûȥֵ
ֻ̽һֻ֡
Ҳڴʱü޵ĵڿִѰͷ­һ֮ʱٿȻͣ٣Ϣɢ
˽ͫһ㲻۾
Ѱһ仰ڳ
գ˵
ƽһ仰ȴһħ
ͼ
ϣ
ĵ쳹
ƿеĴ޷ڴ˿̲ҵĲѩĵɢһɿֲ

ɫ䣬ȫڣ߬סͷһر
洫޷򷨣죬Զһĵ۱ɱȡ
лɽЩϹý˵ȹ屦á
ڣ˵вܿƣֶɵļ
䣡
ֻǣƾգۼ䣬޷͵һ𣬽ָ𿪣һĨѤõĹ⣬ѰС
ͬ鳲ӹ磬˵ѰУһ󼤵糱ƼĻ
Ⱥ۲Ŀɫ䣬ɲѣ޷ᷢ˹첻˼һĻ
޷˸ǿգ֪ٵ۾ɵΪ˵֮£һе裬ƿֲ֮
֮ǰѰ㱻ƶǵһĻõ֤
˱Ϊ˴˵ѰЮֵ̨ư֮ţעʵ֡
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Ŵ˵ǻļģ˶һΣͽͽĵ۱̫ټˡ
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ѰһȻѩ޷նһǺٲƵĵ
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̫˵Ŀ¡
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֮ǰѰǿĲ为ˣȴһĵ۱
ؼǣʱѰư֮ţֻʣʮɣ
ȻѰǰеٶܵΧ֮£ѱûޱȣÿǰһҪޱȿɲ赲
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ɱ
ͬʱѰҲǰУͷǣȺ֮ӡ޷ϣɱķ
޷ڴʱΪѰеĴɱ
ৣৣৣ
һѩƥĵӳããҫĿõȺɱĵȴ˰裬޷赲
һЩǿܣԵ۱ֵһЩǿܲʱܵˣϳѪܵĵۣҽС
ѣѰ䣬ǰ·һǿɱ룬Ѫк״ˡ
ǿͷֱð⡣
Ѱ̫ʢˣ
˵½ܹδˣȴûƵģһ·磬Ե
޷ĳ֣ƽһļµв
һ̣֪н˸Ѫͷ̫ˣʦҲˣһɱ͸˵ˡ
ҲؿҪƴ㣬ι޷ÿһζѰˣòܡ
ңʱҲˣϳһĿĵĵˣȾѪѪˡ
ҶǸѰһģѵ͵Ŀ̫ʱˡ
طֻЦúϲ£졣
Ц
ΪԶġױϡˣѾ˳ֵף
ۣ
սУĵէ֣˺ѳա
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ѰѾưֻ֮жʮɣ
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޷赲𣿡
ΪΡΪǿ󡭡
ôƴȥֵ𣿡
Ⱥ۶־ҡһ޲ɫãѰǿǶе֮С
ԭֻһ̨ѣ˶ɥ˭Ҳ޷ܵġ
ףЩǿ俰ǵһľʥɱϾͬһӪͬЭȥѰƴ
ѰɱʱһͷƴǸα
ѰҲһ㣬ƾһαǿʢ֮࣬ɲ
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һͳ𣬽һɫƾճѰǰɴ͸Ľ۶ɡ
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ٿУѶһӰһϮۣüĿһöɫĽӡǡ
࣡
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޷նĵǱǴɡµɫ굲ס
Ѱͫһɣһɡһĵ۱
ۡɡɫĽӡǣĳƽһ˵ơ
̨ߵġ
ͳһֶصĵͳζԸһһҲ㣬ɴʱ㣬ֹˣҲģǰûϣư֮š
ΧѰȺ۽ԾһԭǶ־ѶҡΪѰ޷
ĳȴǿµϣ
㣬ĳԾ
ȴѰ䣬³ĸ֣
䣡
˵ʱƾȻһأڵľԡ֮ŭطת
֪֮ŭǴ̼Ǳܵطȫת֮£޵սһ
һɲɫҲ΢䡣
ʱΪץסһѻᣬȴû뵽Ѱб
룬ѰĹ
¡
޷ϯգѩķâӴңԺɨϰ֮ɱ
ȥ
ָʮϼʢɫɽӳɭɭ֮Ӳ
ײ쳹ɽݺײһ𣬱ŷĿֲøǿ߶òܡ
飡
ͼӰɽѹȣ͵صһպȻըѪҲ͵һ󷭹ɫһ䡣
ͽв
ԶѰĮٶɱǰǿƵ̬֪Ĳ


2006 Ⱥ۲ ɱϮ
޿ɣǿ
׿ֲ̿ƿ۱ս֮ʢԶڳǿߡ
Ȼʸũй֮޲
ֻϧ˿̵ѰѼͷţһĵתǰزȻڱΧ֮£ǰеĲҲ赲
Ƭ̡
㱻ѹȵμ穣Ҫ̧ͷ
ŵ˵ѰսʱǱΧ״̬༫ѱ
ۼĻطͷ𵴡
սʱѳһʱ䣬ѰΧֱһǰУеĸѲ¾ˣ
֮ǰ˭󵽣
ڣưֻ֮ʣ¾ɾ롣
֣˵Ĳֹˡ
һ̾쳹һϮۣӰɽľɱ볡С
һԽͫӲգǣһֱ·
ǰһڻڵĲ۸֣ӳֳذĿֲ
䣡
ǻ沧۷ӳһƬѤõĻ꣬ɢϵ۵֮
Ѱֹ䡣
ϣǿеĵһˣ䣬죬ؾдչâһڵ۾ﶼ̾
һˣѰ
ڣٵȺΧ˾ϣһ
ѰҲеѹ
ԽˣսʢÿһѪҺҪȼƵġ
񣬵ǰһսΪգҲΪ£˿һϣ
Ѱ޾壡
Ѿ̫̫òζֽپζ
֣սӮҵأѵ˴ʱٲҵȿɾ޷Ӳˡ
һױҲˣ磬һɳͨɫĳޡ
һ̣еΧ֮ƣһ˿ͣ͡
ΪѰֹǰΪϡױĳ֣Ȼת
еգȴǱ֮ǰΪѹֺɱҪ̣Ƶ˼
ط˫ֲ֪ʱȻա
˫ֺʮɫׯࡣ
䲻ԸΪУҵȴΪһرᣬҵȱһ
ҲƮȻѩ׷Ʈ졣
ħͥһЩǿ߽߳һţüɱ
£ѰѾư֮ž֮أǶסˡ
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ر˽Կᣬ̸ǳӺ͵⣬ֻ˭Եˡ
ѰĿǰռһ̨Ȼ˱ΧĿꡣ
ͬģչʱƱػֳѪҲ³ޣ
ԹԵ飬ʤżʡ
ɱУȴѰȻŤͷԶ
֣֮ǰԼڻսߵͣΪֱҲǰһս
䣬Ȼ
Ⱥ۽¶ɫ󣬶յľƣѰȴ޶ãֱս
Ѱ룬ɾƾ˿չ¶ĵǣò벻У
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ѰҲУ
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⻹ô򡭡
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첻ΨӶĺѰϡ
ʥУǷ޵֮
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һĪĵ۱ͬΪ˵޷
ͬʱһ̧֣һƬ貵ķ֯һͷֵ룬׳ڿնȥ
䣡
ձ̤ƣϼɣϵΨƣɱ
Ĳ
һ赭дӡȴﵽһ־׵ĳȻز
һͷ룬Զ߳
ġġԭǸȺĺᡭ
طʶʲôͫ͵һ
壬̫Ѳˡ
ҲƳһŴ͡
䣡
Уӿգף̳Թ
Ѱһڳһͷѩױ󤣬װβ֮Ӳ
߽棬ֲɢϼʮأⷽ򶼻ҡ
һЩǿ߶òܡ
ǵǶëȻ
̳ɢʱ˿ӳγ
ѰӰ΢΢һΣסӰϲЦãеУ£
΢΢һЦγһĨĹ⣺಻£ᱲеС
ߣԵ֮ˣ̸ʲô죬ʲô
ߣۼĺѰŽ̸ˣĲ
ƣڳһ֮ͬˣϽԲ˷а㡣
Ȼв
˵ʱȻ֣ڵĲڿգѰɱ
籼ף



2007 ն
䣡
沧۷⣬Ļϼ޷ס޷
Ȼ˱ͬĪ⣬Ϊ۵
ʵϣࡢױϡ½󣬽Եһʱ۱ΪľǶԿ޷
ԭڣ˵̫죬ӵ裬֮
ɸҽһȭ
ͬʱϻȭ⣬һſǳȭ֮Уһȭѣȴǿɱ£
ԶԶһǳ֮ǰԵ̬ҲĲѡ
кβҡ
ѰЦȭɱ
һȭ
Ӱ񣬻һȭƬض͵һֲɢһſǳը
ѸĹ֮ƶʱ裬һУǿȭҲԵò
Ǻһȭûǿգ
һХٶȳ
ѰΪǿƣȭδɢ֮ʣɱ뷨ﵽز
ӡ޷졢޷ļĪĵ۱ӳܣ֮ʢ޷ѹס
Ϻǿ󣬱֮඼ǿһҲ޷Ѱ˺һ
ȥ
һɫޣЮŹ̢ն
ױˣһɱѰֱָѰµһ̨ȥ
֣ˡ
һ̾һɶͭսìӶʱӳֳѪ磬ħӰС
ɱ
ȺҲƶ
һΧ֮սڳƬ̺ٶչֻǺ֮ǰľѳױòһ
ϡױࡢ˵ļ룬õóΧѰﵽʮ֮࣡
ֹռݾƣÿһǿܹѰսɱڣһǿƸĺݲӡ
ġϵ˵ļ룬õһΧ֮սУѰǰδеĴΣ
սģ֮֮֮գڹУ㿰δţδ
ŵ˵ЩǿߣԴʥǿһڣ޳ң޿ɱ⡣
Ѱһ֮Կ֪ѹε֮֮Ǻεա
ǿ죬ؽ䶯
ɱ
ɱ죬Ұ
ư֮ǰʮ֮أ籩ۣ֮ǵصĵ۱û
һӰݺУɱ䣬ÿһƶǰɲ
ġ֮ʣչ¶Ծ춯أ˸Žķɣ
Ѱԣư֮ţֻʣʮ֮ء
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䣬Ѱˡ
ɫ԰ףѪʣеǱƣеǱ۱С
Щ̸ȴĿġ
Ϊֻ䷢飬ѰĴٲ֮ǰǰ޷裬ȫѹסˡ
Ⱥۿܣ֮ǰѰ޿ɺ֮Уǿ˵սľ־ҡ
ڣش죡
һģ˾ټϾϵΧ֧Ŷã
طͫ˸ɫ֮嶼
Ѱ˿ܵƣġϵɣЩ˸ѰвҲ̫
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ʮ֮أ֮磬ڴʱ
ӱׯϣƮ衣
ž
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¡
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ͬʱĵһӡɱһ͵һҡΣѪ
һ֣̾ʱı⣬µ̨ĳԸ㻯գ
Ȱʮ֮ضѣ񣬶˭ĳ˺һ
ѰЦ
ԡѪͷɢ˺۲壬ĿģһԺȴգȻȼ
Ҳ޷ٴ֣ҡӣ
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˹罣츳һеļ֡
ն
ɫ⽣ɱ
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Ѱһģ͵رһأñ֮ǰ¡
˵һ޷ѿ۱ն
ৣ
磬
۵һһ۰նܼʱ
ѰǰֻһСȴˡ޷˵¸̬ɫ䡣
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ȴʱѰӰȼհ㣬¡һ̫ӳɢ
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˿̵Ѱȷǿˣ֮ǰǿʢһأˣֲ˼£
ҪתƵļ
ΪѰת֮ŭͬʱʩչ㼫©֮һĵУԼ־ľԼǰͷš

ϱɱѰչϮ̬޷̡
䣡
ϢĲڿգк棬һһ泤ӣ񷡣
һ֮
ѰסƱػٴ뱻մС

Ѱףӡһ֮£һһ泤ӺȻ飬ͬһڲۣݺҷɡ
һ׻Ŀ죬ȥĸ죬ӡĵˣпѪ
ǵǿ֮ˣٲȻ޿ƥС
ಣ
ͻأأ˱۰ӰѰһ࣬һɫַתɱ
ٶ֮죬ף
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֣
طȻһϳеĽɫ
ҲһΣӣ
ͼ
Σޱȵʱ̣һɫѰӳٿ֮䣬ǡ֡

һмϵĵ۱κɱȴס㱦
Ǭ֮ͥŻʸũѰɱ˱ҲѰС
⡭
ͫһ

Ѱ磬ⷭ˲佫ӰûС
¡
򷭹ྪŭļ쳹ʧױɱѰĵС
ʬ޴棡
һɲ˽ɫ䡣
࣬εǿһλţĴڣȴһսС
ˣ
ʸũĸ
ġϵ˼ˣҲһ󾪲⣬һθоѰǱü
ԡѪսսͶ־ȴǰδеǿʢͿ£硪
սʤ



2008 綷ս֮
һǾף˵
һ̿ʼȺ۴ѹ۵Ѱչ˼ǿϮ
ԡѪսȼ־֮ʢ
ԶԶɱӰطĶӿһ˵𺳡
ư֮ǰȺ貣ġ֮Դŵ¾ʥǿһˡ
ŻԻ͵սҫ۵һǿĿܡ
ֱڣһ֮£ҲѰһˣ
̫˼顣
֪ʱѰЮ̨Ⱥ۶սһ·ɱƣѪϣһ¡
ֱղţѸأȾѪ뼫մѹ̧ͷ
ڣٴչϮ
ǿǿĶս֮ˣֱʹ˵вսʤƵģ˭ܲ𺳣
߱Ѫ·мˣ
¡
սкϣ쾪׺Ѥõĵͷ費ݵĵ۱һĻĻ󶯵ľ

ҽһħͥĴ屬顣
ԩðȻϵԼɱĺѰĽУʱֲսϮɵ
ܿ£
֪˸磬ҲǹڸһľһսУȴԵúܲ
飡
ûãıһΡ
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ɱ
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˻Ⱥ۽ŭΧ֮£Ѱƽư֮ţͷ̼ܵƵģ÷
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䣡
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¡
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ͬʱﱻ貽û
ۣ
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жʱһ󾪽УһĻ̼
ѰӰ˳̤֮أ
һУȻ˿̵綷ս֮񣬺ƾʮأ˫
¡
һ䣬Ԩϡ
޾ɾ
ɵأΪã޾޾ҷ޾
֮֮ͨаأڵ۽һȻѰͷսС

˲䣬ɱѰǿߣֲķ籩ϯ岻ܿƵرԨ
ǵ屬飬ת˲ʧ
һ̣ѰǰԵƥ֮ˣȫһԼ۾
˴֮
ǻعⷵյһս
ԶԶŴ˿̵Ѱ˶ëȻ׹֮У
ˣѰǰһɣ
ɫرأһսȼš
˿̵ѰڸܵһĿֲѹ⣬ҲеһֺܾòйĿܡ
ҵҪƴ֮£ܳŵ˼ʱ
Ƽ䲻ʣһȣѸ֮ɱ
ͬʱѰŶԨһΪţѹ¡
ţ֮Ŷһ
䣡
һ˲׻ŶѹȵôпѪ嵹˳ǿһ⡣
ɫһױˣ⡭
ܣ
ױɫ֮޴һɱͬѰԾŶѹȵĶˣһף֦ڣ
ͬһȻ
һ̵Ѱ綷սе޵ף˶һ޷֮Կĸо



2009 ս
ɣ
룬赲类ѰһԾ
ɼˣȺлһڣ𺧲ѡ
̫ǿˣ
˿̵Ѱԡս޿ƥСƣ˶־ܵ塣
Ǹղţָ䣬ﱻ̫ɱĸԨɣ
ȻǾϺױ赲Ҳһˣ
ǵһĻĻֱҪ߸ǵ
Ͼ֮ǰǶΪѰ˴ȻһƴҲ֧Ų˶á
ڡ
˭Ҳô϶ˣ
¡
սңɢʮ
붷սеѰһɱ¾ǿѪͷǿ
ľϷ켺𣬱ɿˮΪ֮ɫͥߣķ֮Ҳ
̫޾ɾ֮󣬴ͥıʰأѰͷ
һʱ䣬Ѱٶһ䣬ٲȻ֮֡ϣΪ롱ΰơ
֮أڣ
ͣ
Ѱָ̽һ̣Ա֮ậ֮貵âֳȫµı仯һļµ֮
ԶһǿȫӲ˲ͱ̴򣬶һ۵嶼ɣֵĲҽС
ΪֻǼ򱻴̴ӹһ٣룬һâȿֲ֮˲ͱе
䣡
Ѱͫб棬ԨУӿֳ֮У֮ӡ
֮ӵе츳ͨǱ뼺УԱ֮

ļһǿ屻ٻûܵסٽ֮ͫ
ͬʱľĿ֮֮ӡԴΧǿ߻еĿѪˣе屻ˣʹС
Ҷ
Ѱٶǰһ֮أȻԡѪս֮ѹȫ
ͣ
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ҲΪǣƣŽѰĽ赲ɴҲԿĺεȿ¡
Լ֮Ѱѽѹƣ׻
ɱ
ϷХҲȫɱʩչ졣
ʱ˿̣û˭ҵױҲˣ
ֻǣڳǿߵĶ־ѱҡӲƴ
֮ǰѰĵ˵Χ£½ɱһһ֣ǽëȻ
˭ܲģԼΪһеĽɫ
ʶÿΣգǵһӦܣͲκεԥ;
Ѱˣһ̨֪ᱻ˭ռݣѰ֮ǰһǿɾˡ
һӲУѰԿɱģҲʮ˶ѣлġЩ
Ҳֻʮ˶Ѱµĵ̨־ڱصã
˵ǿһȫɱɷĵ˷ſˣ֮ǰǰš
ϾʱҲ̫ӵ״
ЩҺѰӲǿߣδʹ˷Ǿ겻ɢ㣬ȥѰ˲鷳
ϧ뼫ս״̬еѰССֻɱУ޾һС
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Ÿղ򲻾õġ׾ְҲ糱ˮ㣬ѰԼļ֮󼫾ͷɱС
׵磬ɱ⣬Ϊǿɱ
Ѱʩչʱ绯һԨ񱩵â绡ܣɵأֲˡ
ûãıһͻյӡУҡΣòܡ
ϡױҲֲױѹȣֻȫֿ
Ҳ¡
飡飡
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Ѱٶǿһ
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ֻǣû֪˿̵ѰȴУֻĴһɶս֮⣬ûע⵽Щ
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һư֮ǰĻսʱ£ʮǿ߻ۣһͬеľ뢣ӵаĿɲ̡
ɴʱѾнʮ˱Ѱ¾
һڣ½֣ȥһȻ󲨲ɡ
֪пɲһЩ̤㼫֮ӵвڻʸũսľ
籱顢ࡣ
ҪôھĽɫҪôһ޵дڣڣȴѰһɱ
磬ȵѪսҲܱ
ΪûĸͳϹӲܣҲԼҴ˱ɱ
ɽڣҲע粻һ̫һڵ۾ϹǣҲֻܵȺ⣬˵޷֣ݵһսһĨڡ
ЩѪˮʬΪ̳һ޵·˵޵·һɱ¾ѪУɡ
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ͣ
̫ˣ
͵޵а
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ʮָ
޿ɴݿģӲбˣһѪʳ
棬ǵսⷴʢ
ͬʱһǿ߱Ѱ֮꣬еʱѪ֡
Ѱ¶κ˥ף
ʮָ
ӲУһֱԵòһֱѸ͵ľϣһȣʩչɱֶΡ
һƣˡ³٣ɡĿֲ
ĶĿ¶ɫ
ױһ٣һ֮еޱȾޡ
䣡
ƵĺУѰͬһƴ֮Ӳ֮䣬޾Žɢ
ΧѰȺۣʶܣΨֱ
һν̫£Դ𣬼
˲䡪
꣡
Ĺ𣬾ͼը紩Ƶķ׷ɣұһը
ҽУ˶ɲƷɡ
ȻһӲУ׺羰ϣҲѰش죬ϵһۣ
ɫ䡣
Ѱǰֱӵִ֮أ
ԡѪͷɢϸŲ֪ٵѪ˺ۣɢĶսƣȴ嶷ţգ
˿̣ѾһЩǿ߷ԶԶܿٲǰ
աˡ
Ѱǿᣬǳ׵κܹȥֹѰǰϣ
ͬʱҲǲһȻ;η
ǺѰ棬ǵжԣҲǳɱֻȥһһ̨
սʱǶѳƾԼĽ˵ѰĶ֣ܹһ̨֣һ̾ͻᱻȺ۸
֮УҲϨȥر˼
컯˽лȥᣬɹؼǣȥ



2010 Ϊұ㲻㣿
֮أҲյһ롣
赲ѰƱҪվư֮ǰѰǰ·ϡ
֮صĶս͵ǽɱɹŲתƵĿռѱѹ˼£
ʱģѱóײһ
֮ǰƽ棬γˮδƣȴͱˣâ¶֮ơ
ڣһĻɽƮ裬ӿڰĵ⣬ƶ졣
Ҳ޶ս
ͬʱϡױ˶Ѿˣ֮أٵסѰɱһͻرйصĴ컯ɾͺǳԵˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ŭ쳹սң̫صϢ⡣
ѰĹ䱻סս޲еһɳѹڲ
ԭڣѰ˿̵ƣһۿɼ̬ţͷ·ûм
̫ˡ
ϾսʱױǶѸеľ޴󣬿սõѰȴأڱǿ˭ܲ
¡
걬Уһ͸˵ǿˣȴϱѰץסֱӱɱ
ۼѰҪô˻ᣬư֮ųȥһӰͻأѰɱ
һ£ò㣬Ȼǵزؽ紫
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ѰĹܣӲѰ
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ױϡ˽ͫһһǴҪѰʯ٣
ж
֪ûˣɾ޷رɺȻ˿̵ѾЩ
ˣɣ
嶼ƣȴһַ֮ɫǰֳһڵ顣
ӿһƺɫ⣬ɢļµĹϢ
˦һףһ飬ٿը
䣡
ֲޱߵҵķ籩Ȼ֮ɢһ̣ɽ͵һ£ػ谵޹⡣
ĵ֮ǰ˱ܣһ¶ɫÿֲһɫ飬ǵزؽصĽر
ز飡
طĶɤۣɫҲһ䡣
飬ĵ۾ͷǼɣ֮Ϳ¡
ʩչһ飬ʮ˿֮࣬Ҳζţʮλ۾ͷǣżһ
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˵
ͬΪޣΪڰͷ֮һġزؽ硱ȴΪųࡣ
˵ʱʱ죬һɵ۾ͷƶɵĵزըɫɢͽߵѰӰ˲û
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Ѱεǿ޵УȺ񣬲˭ܹ
ڣȴĽرû˸о̫ͻأ
Ҳ˭
˴¶һĨο΢Ц
һ̣Цݾϣͼɵزĺɫ⣬һƥ˺
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䣡
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ʵϣڶսеѰľûκεĲ
ͨ⣬Ψս֣
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Ǵʦڹɽɾŷ֮һ
֮ǰѰչ¶һսơսֶΣڶսʥĴ֮£õǰͷš
ڶսУһҲǴﵽǰδеĵز
Ĵʦ֣ƶУɱþʮؽԲɱ𰵵޹⣬ǰ綷սס
Ѱư֮ǰɱ콾ɱɱͬУһ·Ѫȣһ·̤ʬͬɿ
˹֮£ΧѰǿߣٶѸˣеĵϣˣٲҲϽ
еأҧɱ羰ϣ۰򶼱ϵҲء
أԲ
ǵ׺ƣò˶ݲѡ
գϻǲѰѰѹȵÿڱѪ嶼ֶѣѪģ
飡
ų˱ɣſڵϣŭʵ˻𣺡Ϊ֮Ϊұ㲻㣡
ȫ
˲ȻѰǿȷ̫ÿһζ߸˵֪޷޷⡣
طЦôΪʲô⾰Ǳʧˣʳɵ⡣
һַȼ״̬еѰûᾰϣأɱư֮ſ
ʱںѰӲǿߣֻʣġױԼλǿߡ
˵ȣҪôҪô־ѷ


2011 Ϊ·
أսֻʣĺλǿߡ
֮أǺѰɱ
һ̣ҲһֶΡ
ɽ䣬ٶһ˱Ѱܣӡҵķѣɢ
ʵϣһУѰ۱һֱڷ֮ǰһֱǿߵĵ۱ǣơ
һ֮أĵ޼
¡
ӡ޷졢޷ɢѰһȫɱ
˾֮У޳ңɳ޵У·ˡ
һѸ۵ǿ߷̾˳սɫ価ǰ
һĻѷЩȺ޲һпû뵽һУҫ۵ĲģѰԷɽĴˡ
̫ϣҲġ
򣡡
սУױȣǰ۳һȻհӡɱȥ
ӡӿһԲۻ룬иɻܼĴ֯һ֣ɽӶ
ױɱﵣǿһӡһӡǧ
ȴѰָһһ˫޿ɾ貽Х
ȥ޻أ
Уӡͽ棬ݾڼޱȵĺУӡһնƮɢ
䣡
ңױ͵ؿѪɫҵ޹⡣
¶ɬ֮ɫںĽֵѰ֮Уӿһּ临ӵ
Ըڴ˰ܣ
ױһ̾Ҳת뿪ɫį
𡭡ǵԵڳˣĸǼһĶ֣
طһĻ۵ףЦ
һΧ֮սһʼͶѰѾܲƽʶ˭Ѱֵ֣֮ϧ
ױܣҲȫճƵ˼¡
£ֻʣĺһλǿںѰӲսǰңľ
ÿ
أķȡ
ѰǸǿߡ
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ܹսʱҲɼƽսεǿʵϣ˿һ΢ڷ͡
ѰսĿɲһմմϲĸо
羰ϡױ籱顢֮½սбܣֱʱֻʣƽĶˣأڶԿѰ
ȥ´սƽˣҲһ׮˳޵ļѻ
һȣȴúһ㶣ɫãǺ⣿

һΣԼ࣬һ֣׼ȫ
Ǻ죬ӿ˵߷ߣĿ֮£ȴԼ
Լʲôˣ
Ҳڴʱһɿֲɱɢںϣõһë
֮ܣĳסˣ
תߡ
һЦú޲Ҹطȥ֮ǰմմϲڣһ֣ءս⡭ȷ̫ˡ
ֻǸС
뿪õѰǰģֻʣһˣ

ȻʱлһһսҲ˶ĳһִ
սУĴЦڣޱȿο
Ӱ貣֯ʮء
ѰԣڶսУ־һ֮ǰǰȼ
߽棬ԣ
ȫĿ⣬Ա𺳣Ŀѣ
һưʥһĿųǿ֮¾ʥе޵С
һԷɽĴˣԽһ䣬һһĿĲս
£ư֮ǰȫɱչ¶ֶκƣ㿰ͬеǿ֮
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ŵ˵˭ʤ˭һսҲԽߵʷţ
䣡
ĵĵ徵
羵ҵ羵ˣ󣬽Կ˺ӳģ
սУ˵һзţһֶΣҲᱻľ۵ףܹײ׽ԷɻԷ
ںѰУȴĵġ徵ֻһƬĪ״Ļ磡
磬Σ޿״޿ѭһҲ޷Ĳ׽κһ˿
־ԽˣС£ᱲеС֮С
Ƭ̺
ĿѪղ԰ףѰһɨмѪɽ
ͬʱѰһ٣ͷųһָˣƤѪ졣
߽Ȼɱ
в֪жΪ֮Ϊ֮ɫ䣬Ϊ֮
֮ǰѰսɱȺܣ
ڣҲƴ޾Ұչ¶֮ǰֲ
˶ԱȣҡԶԶҲ
ɫȻ
ԭʥУ޵еļ
˾̾Ŀһսƿһȴ˴۽磬вƼ֮С
ǲ֪һ̨ᱻ˭С
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ΨһлܹȥģҲһˣ
һսļӮˣҲʤ֮䣬̸Ϲƽп϶ҲΪѰڴ˾޵ˡ
طӲӣ෴ֻҪѰӮˡǾĴ˾޵УСУأ
ӺȻɽѾһ£ʥ޵Сֻ棬Ǽһڴ˾УǷܳԽŽУΪ˾һ
طһһ
˾һ
⡭

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ȾѪɫ԰ףͷɢѰһޡ
߽ͫʢȼշڵս
ֻߵսȴȻͬѲ߮£Ͷ㣬ѹķƽΰ֮ơ
ѰԨףɵ֮飬Ǭ֮ơ
߽Զսԡ
д˵֮˭Ĵǣƣ
Ⱥɫ𺳴ͣһսܵĳ̫֮أ羪κڷ޷ƽ
ѰǿĲƴ̬ͬľ
һӺ
ҵУѰ͵һӰһҡΡ
ͬģҲܣѪ
ѸأأԼսһ˭Բ
ڳ˵Ķ߬
һս̫ˣ
ҲһԾʤò˶ñֳܷ
أĺȻһ̾ڴ˵ѳ޵УĳΪ·
п⣬Ҳһ塣
˵ʱ뿪ư֮ǰ
Ⱥɫһȫ¶֮ɫһսѵ˼ֳʤĹؼʱ̣Ϊľڴ˿·
ΪԼѾˡ
˷
һսӿʼʱѰȺΧۣľ޴£뵽սеѾռ˴ˡ
ֱҲ޷Ѱʵеڷֳ˸ߵͣ


2012 Žδ ˾޵У
ư֮ǰš
ĳ·һƹŽ񺱼սʹĻ
Ⱥ糱
ͻȻľϣǸе⡢Ͳ⡣
ΣĴ˾٣ѵǳϣƴսҲ޷Ѱ赲ư֮⣡
ѹ֣ŨǺǵѪȡ
ư֮ǰѰˣһѪˮʬɵѪ·
·ϣ֮ǰһһƸǿߣҲ֤һһǿ߱
ؼȣš
Ѱ£Ŀĵ˺۸ǣѪأʡ
ͷɢӰΣһǸǧɵư֮ǰȴһ£ơ
Ŀⶼϣÿ˵ɫд𺳡
ˣڲһʱԡѪһ·ɱʮˣʮˣ
綷սף޼ɣ޿ƥУ
ϡױȾꪣǿģһҲΪ·
֮ǰ˭룿
˭Ԥϵһ̨սѰһʤķʽĻ
ûУ
ǲŸеǰδе𺳡

Ѱع㣬һƵĿԣѪӴʡ
֣ɷ
ɳƣɫɷ͸ȾѪϣֳһ˥ưܵļ
սʱԼĪһʱ䣬ͷţɱУһȺۣ״кεȵ⣬ΨԼ
Ȼˣü֮⣬һ֮ǰ
֣ɷ
һ仰֣Ƴгգ˶УнԶһڣѰǺ⣿
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һսͶѰƽɾ£ûܽѸ˵Ѱ
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Ѱɽˣư֮ǰһ·ɱһ·̤Ѫʬյִư֮ǰ
ǿģò̾Ϊ·
Ǵ˾޵У
Ѫɱһ޵·ûκεٿԣݹ۹Ž񣬲һܵ޵ս
¾ǵգҲûս
طип
ڳ֮УΨյĵϸҲΨ˽⣬ǡ£ʥ޵СĳƺţǺεȲ
ĿѰһսط֪ʥ޵֮·ϣѰ֮ʦաй֮
СУôˣ
أطע⵽ԱߵӴǣʳһ˿Ѫգɫò԰ס
͵Ѱ㣬͵سһһµҡû¡
ʵأڼ񶼿Ҫʧء
ԭڣ֮ǰԡ޳ġȥעѰһЩ˼Ŀֲ档
ЩУһᴩŽδ³ӣѰӰһִգ³֮ϡ
һӰΰƿֲ޵а³гͼѰȡ֮
һ⣬飡
ѰӰһǵبŽδ˿Խ˿ɺ
ŽСŽδ˾޵а
ãӲз߽Ƶĸп
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òǿʲôɣ
طɡ
ҡͷ̫ˣȥĻƱػԤķ粨
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ա
Ҳڴ˾ز۵ģ
֪յʦѰ̤˿ƹŽδ˾޵֮
ֻεȵķ粨

ư֮ǰϢ
ѰûлͷˣһҿԣǷһսԭĳɲسֵġ
˵ţѵµ̨׷ţһ߽ǱϢǵư֮š
û֪ӵСšͨһ˲ʱ䣬ֻһ˲ǵ̨ư֮ţѴ´ࡣ
ˣڳЩɿס
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Ҳû֪ɱۣļʱһĨâƵķɽ˿еĽ顰ҶӡԼеļ׵ۼɱڳȺС
ȴѰԥܾˡ
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ʵ֤ڳ֮ͬˣȻǿģҲԷһ֮У
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ЩУɲһЩĪĵ۱
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¶һ˿мתȥ֮ͬУҲֻѰһۿء
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෴Ѱһսʶ;һЩȱ©Գһ׮ջ
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ױɨȺۣһ仰ҲƮȻȥ
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ʵϣںܾǰӵ֤׼۾ĵ̺Ͱգ֮ԿѹΪ޷ǾΪ˽ɽһ⡣
£رĻѴױԣƾͳ˵ǰؼ⡣
ֹЩѰȻǶһرҪ뿪ʱҲҪĪա
ɫ𲻶Ƴһ۳ЩűҲ뿪ˡ
ʱУ½ǿѡȥ
ҲĿ˸
Ƭ̺
ư֮ǰֻʣʮˡ
ƿЩǿߵ˼طЦλɱƨˣЩ°СҲ
ʲô˼
ߡ
طǵЦһĨŨŨĲм
ʲô˼ܼ򵥣ЩѰսƷʱĳ˱ˣģ͸Ͻҹ
ȺɫԱòطŭĿӡ
طᣬһӼ򣬵ȥѰʰսƷЩһͽˡ
ӰһΪѵ˲մѪȵģοЩ˶ˣȥǵЩ۾֪Ļ
ȥȥ
ط۾һɣӶʱˣǰһѰɱѪ·ϣʼʰսƷ
ʱ˼ˣȵУͽ£
˺ȻǺ
֮ǰĵһ֣ŵ˳ս֣ɴʱȴһʮ̬


2013 ɲڵ
вӣ̬Ⱥ
ͽ
ȴط̲סˣһЦӰٿȻƾʧһ̾ͳںǰָ絶бն¡
һֱֽпƥɢĴϢ
㲻ɣ
ȣ֮Ӳ
棬ͷֳʤ
ۣ
طһɫŭնɻĵ۱նͷ­
ѪУطս˭ҲһԵû
֮ǰһֱ֣ʶ״̬Գ۷УɱһѸ˵ǿߣȻֵ
ʵϣ˿̵ư֮ǰӣ˼ûһ˵ģ
Ҳǿо㤣Բٶɢ
ط¶һԹɫͷ૵ΪθоǾһɿһ֮ء̫ǿ̫
ʰսƷһڡ
طòͷֶʱסǺ⣿
ԴһָŵϵѪˮҼѪͶģ¡
طŭˣзںɳӰ
ɲڣѾ˵ҪѰ𣿡
طɽΪ֮أҲԵرطҲвٺö
һڵɽ֮£ŹʵӤ㣬ܹɵСͺ˲ãҴȥҪһ𣿡
æҡͷСֲУò֪ٵ۾ǣԵ̫ҿûȥá
طƲƲ죺ˣ
ʰսƷҲˣֻչء
֮ӴЩսƷԺл㽻Ѱط·
˵ȥһһСһǵȹʵζЩʡ
ȰЧֻСġ
ûã뿪Ƭư֮š
ͬʱɽ⣬Ҳòƽ޷ŵڲɽư֮ǰľ
ɵһѪսݺ󣬻ǱЩ۾дƶϳһЩ࣡
ư֮ǰսʱ
֮ɽԱߣһڵ۾ǰƣʼ½Ϩ״ЩսУѰɱǿߡ
ϧ̫ŮǲҲͲ²
Ψһܹµľǣһ׮رԵĻսѾױˣ
һ̣ڳڵ۽Կʼзݣŵعעڳÿǰơ
ܣķ籱ô䣿С
ûã̫ŵϵһλ۾ŭٲĿ
籱飡
սɼ䲻ף˿䣬ȷ⡣
ڽʱ½е۾ɫ䣬ŭгɫѿһﲻ
ԭڣǰƣϨҲζţǸµĴˣرĻսУѳ䣡
ճơ
̫һڵ۾񶼽
һյյҡҷǵҲ֮
ƿ޷ΪƾϨļѵܵ˺
ͥҴ¶ݡ
еġ޷۾һƶû뵽ܾЯ޷۱ڡ
˼ǣӵ޷£ܾļ
㣬ư֮ŵĻսָǺεȼҺͿ£
ڵ۽޷ˡ
ľһսǣһر޷йע
Ҳ֪һ׮컯ᱻá
Σעⲻ˵ģֻϣһսֳܹһ
ҿġϡױࡢطˣϣһ׮컯
ڵۣз
Ƿɽ
ŮۺȻ͸ζȻһ׿Ҳڽӣ
ٵ۾ɫ΢
һҲǣɱʸũһˣɱһˣѾĺݽɫ
ټǷɽˣֻҪڲɽעᱻǿӣ
ɲϣӾˡ
ĵͥľӡսģζ
ڵ֪ѰţܳΪһնڹɽжĻʱá
һն𵽵վޡ
ġǬͥ˽ܵڶԸѰʱܹܣǲѣŽɱ
һУΪѰնܹ׵㣡
ֻϧǻŮۣǾӡۣԴҲ벻ݵһսƲȫһ
ʲôˣ
һ۾ʧеȫԲĿ
ղŻ˵лȥһ׮컯תۼ䣬һˣ
⣬ֻǿʼ
ʱУ½һյһյϨ𣬽һЩ䱻õľ
ǵ䣬õڳڵ۶ǷڲɽϵѪսкεȿֲ
ֱϡױ˵Ʊð޹⣬һڵ۾Ķס
ˣһ¿õľƶļˣ̫ľ
һսоʲô
ˣ
أҴٶȳ͸š
˿ȥһҲеһԾǴĵƣҲϨļ
һʱ䣬мžÿ۾Ծɲ̫Ĳɻӿͷ
ǿģΣգ̫£ҲԿһսس˼ı
ǷɽΪ
˺Ȼ
ʱŮۡӡ۵˽üЩá
¼ҹһĿ֮
һսȻǱ˴˳ͻͲɱѰڻսлֵܹúۣ˵һжǰͣǾǻ֮
ֱۣӽѰųˣԭڣǸΪѰӵѹȺۣҵ
˵ѰǻģҲΪ
ΣһжĻʱԻḡˮ档
̫һ˵
ʱɽĻʣһҵʱ䡣
ڵ۽Ը˼
ʵǶԣʲô̫ҪҪǣһرᱻ˵õ
ͬɽжĻʱĺϷҲŸտʼѣ

ͨ
Ѱư֮ź󣬾֧ɵڽµ̨ϣ£ͨ⣬һ˵ٺʹ
һսɹư֮ţΪ˸Ĵȴѳ;ƿݣư嶼Ҫѡ
ʱһָ̧ˡ
ˮƣһֿյľȻ֮С
գѰûгסƣϮ˯˹ȥ
ư֮ڣĹ裬˸Ĺ۾ﶼ
ǣЩѰʱͱµ̨
Ѱʧȥʶ˯ûãһ̨ܵٻ㣬Ѱư֮Ÿȥ



2014 رĿ
ư֮ڣһִ糤֮䣬Ϣ糱ӿ
һ۾ﶼĻ档
ŵ˵һ̨ӻǿ۾ðȻ룬Ҳע
ǰʱ֪Ѷˡ
ķļֲܵɱѹʶجһغ

һ̨ѰСɴĺ֮ϣɱ۾һһ⡣
һ·оա
Ҳ֪ǰ˶ãǰȻһһʯڣ赲ǰ
ʯڹ⻬ɼӿŻɬصĴַʯ֡
ʯһǣһӶ
ԭʯڸ˵ĸоȱӶĳ֣ȴƻԲϣֳȱľ
һ̨ڴֹͣʹ˲
̨ϣ˯еѰͬһ
ΨƬصؼţضž
ȥ
̨˿ѰҲһֱдӳ˯ļ
ڵļݷѰ˿Ľ顰Ҷӡڽư֮źš
ǵȫ޷֪һУ
ư֮ڣȻоʱţֱº
֮ϣȻӿֳһɽɰĽϢ
Ǹ磬ֲע⣬ΪǵϢ̫ɺͿ£ĩսٰ㣬˾
ư֮ŵһɽɰĽϢ֣ǸеĴ̼ܵ㣬ٿȻڿնȥ
¡
Ƶĺ쳹
ۿɼһɽɰĽ֮ƣⷽĴĥ
ͬʱһѰָ΢΢һ
ţأմѪյϣһɾ˵ɱ
ľ괺
ѰڣѸɺԿݽߵΪһյľڴ˿ҲӿֳһɹޱȵϪӿͨÿһ
֫ٺѪอѨϡƤĤɺѾõأڱ꽽࣬һȫµ
ɱ䣬һֱ֮á

Ѱѱ޸徧Ө࣬ÿһë׶ĵϣ
ڣף
Ƿڵڱڣ糤ӣˢѰ֫ٺ
ϸĥɣӡһƴ緱ܵɢϼ⣬ÿһڹӨа㣬صĴơ
̹ƣ
֮أߴһԡࡢסơڡ⣬һ֮ͨơ
һεĻ춴ѻһ磬ɽ󣬵׺У
춴磡
ˣʶԪһ࣬ģһޣƾׯϣŹټʶ
ʶ
ν֮ࡱ
ǵ̹ơ춴磬࣬Ψ׼۾ӵе
ȻŰĻ˯УѰƾϣ̤׼֮
ҲʱѰʶһӻγѰ㣬һʱͲһ츲صɱ䡣
ȫİֲֿޱߵѰסãʶڲ֪УԼͻʥ֮룬Ϊһ׼ۣ
Ѱȴ˲þϲֻнš
һƾǷ̤۵;
׼ۣһ׼ۿ֮
ڤ˼룬л䡣
һЩѶģľ类ӼǰһĻĻ󣬿ʼԺ֡
һ죬ɽѳȴư֮ڵĴ⡭
⣬ӦþԼƾ֮٣
Ѱһ׹
ǰоٳɱԼȴУǴ˵صĴ⡣
Լһֻجج״̬УһֲĽѣ츲صɱ䣬ҲԼһԾʥ׼۾
һѰĬĬӦȫİ
գظ㳤һ
жϳԼӵеĵУԲһ׼ۿɱȣ
֪֮ǰѰ׼սе׼۾ʮָ
ǰμ۵ʢ֮ǰһ֮ڵĶ׼۾ս
һ׼۾ӵеż̵֪
˿ӵеĵУǻ̶ȣƷ֮ߣȫͲһ׼ۿɱȡ
һ׼۵ô׼ӵе֮
ڼɱͷżУڿտҲļήӭ١ˣҲǼ֮ɱˡ
Ѱૡ
һǰδеУӿͷ
ֻΪ˽ư֮ţضֶΣֻʩչͨ˿ɵ
ⲢѰԸ
ʱǾʥԲزȴһֱ˭ܹȵͷŵĵز
Щź
һѪսԸԳɱӡ֤
£֮ͬˣԷҵУʥ֮·ϣҵɳ޵У
ǲ֪֮ʦ֣ˡ
Ѱ˼
ûã۾۾ͿһĴ
ư֮ڣ
ˣѰѣµĵ̨ҲһǸʯڡ
ϥ𣬷Ĺˡ
һ½ԹעĻر
Ѱϸ۲죬С뿪̨ҲҷųʶΨִǸĴɱ֮
ãѰüͷһ
ʲôرܼߵһʯڣԼƨ±ߵ̨
̨
͵أѰʶʲôϥ𣬵ͷŽһ̨
˵̨죬ؼܹɴư֮⡣
ǰãΪʦһӡѰһ̨ϵĶغӦȺ۵Χ
ҲǴ˵̨Ѱӵ˽ư֮ŵĻᣡ
ֻǣĵˣûһ̨һر
Ǵ˵̨
ѰʶӦ
Ϣأһƻɬ־һ󲨶
˲ɽ飬Ϊɽ־ܾǰһŮط֮ңԺ˴뿪ˡ
ɽ飡
Ѱ𵴣ͬʱҲ²⵽ɽеŮӣ϶Ǿʦ㡣
ֲá
Ѱૣ͵ʶʲôòᡭһر
̨ʻɬĹ⣬ֻһ־Ļرɽ
Ѱ۾һ׻Ƶģ¶֮ɫ
ɽ
ر
֮ǰ˽֪ɽ˭뵽ɽĻر
ʶɽĿֻڴɽа
Ѱ



2015 ڲͬľ
ʵҲ벻֪ⲻɽ֮󣬺󣬸ſֲĻϢա
Уϰ㣬ƾС֮У˭뵽֮һɽһ
ѰȻһ£ˣղ˵Ҫҽߣ
̨ĬãһУǻǸ
⣿Ѱü
̫ˡ
ɽĻشѰһĻ˲ֹһΡ
еǴļΪʲôʱ򣬷ɽһĴˡ
еʧΪɽˣӦġ
ɽĻشֱӡ
Ϊ̫ڴ˵ɽ⣬޷Ӧҵ־Ҳ֪ʱ㣬ؽ˵أɴ뿪
˻Ѱֱס
˵ư֮⣬ⲻɽಽظԼʱֻҪԼ뿪ܽɽرߣ
һ뵽⣬ѰһЩЦá
˰죬ԼԡѪսòײᵽĽư֮ŵʸ񣬸Ƕһ٣
ҲʱѰף϶ǾʦİţΪľԼִﲻɽ󣬿Ը׵شһ׮컯
ϧ
ԼȴûŪף
ѰҲ̸ϺڣһɱѪսɿԼӡ֤ƾϣ
ҲΪͻƣǿܹӦҵĴڣܹڴʱҽн
ɽҿʱӵеԾɡ̫ˡ
Ѱǳ鴤һɲɽ־˴Ҳеһơ
ĳ˴ʱպɲûˣ
Ѱһ˵ǻǸҷС
ѱ¶ɽɱ˲֪ȻĴˡ
ɽ⣬һڵ۾Ϲ
ΪǺͺ£Ŀܻ
֮Ůӣ̫ԶˣȻǰԲܾȥ
ɽĻ̶ܴȴѰһ
ƾڵƿغͶòɽҽֻһ־Ҳעܰʲô
ɽڣ㻹ȷҪ𣿡
Ѱ˼Ȼ
ûָȡرܹԼʲôǽ˱ؽɽһʯ
ˣ
ɽȱʻܡ
ɽ𣬡ɽȱһʯΪɽĺıԴɽϸǵɴ˶
ȱٵһʯѰ̲סʡ
ɽĬƬ̣¡
Ѱ㵣ʶɽԣһ̨
ɽʯϵȱ©֮ʯ֮أߴʯܹɽ
ѰĿ⿴ȥǸʯһǣȷһӶСͽµĵ̨൱
Ȼɽ鲢δ˵ѡ
ʯ뿪ʱҵͻţﵽԻҵĵزʱⲻɽزŻΪ򿪡
ɽһҲǣֻһ־̸ֻͨ飬ӵǻۡ
ס
Ѱͷһ뿪
Ÿȷ̤׼۾ɶһȫİҪʱƿء
ȫµľ磬ζȫµ͵;
׼۾Ѱյ޽ӽĵ۾ɾжǿԼҲûס
ʶҪʱᡣ
ɽ鲢δܾ
Ѱϥڵ̨ϣʼĴھ׼۾ְء
׼ۣʥ֮ϣ޽ӽڵ۾
˾졣
޵ߵ塢ꡢΪһһ𡱡
ֱ׼桯
۳һִ𣬿׼һؾ
۳֣׼۶ؾ
塢ִȫۣ׼ؾ
ųɾŵ׼۾ڣ׼һؾڡ
ԭڣЩ޵ߴ޵ʼҪôҪô塣
;һ֣ʶԺУͬʼֵ;УڳΪ׼۾ΪԵʣŻһؾٳ޷ͻơ
Ѱ֮ǰɱЩ׼ۣ׼һؾ
һ׼۲һʱѰǾ׼ֵۣ;ںϣΩΩһ
Ҳ׼۲һˣ׼һ죬Ĵͬʱں塢ֵ;İأ
֪һľ׼ۣ۵ĺε׼һʱ۳Ĵֵֻ;еһ֣
ˣͿѰ˿̵ĵǺεȲһȫһ࣡
Ⲣ˵ѰΪһԾΪ׼ǿߣ۳Ĵ̫Ź֡
ѰҲһ㣬ϸãҲֻһģжϣԼĴԵһЩȴһģ۵Ƿһǿ
׼۾ղȱȫĵ۾ҲΪλᱻ׼۵Եڡ
Ѱһȹ̺ἺУһ˼⡣
ͥԿʼȥ¾İˣɹ߷ӵŲѷɫڱʶ͵С
ʱܵΧһ˳֣ɷӳ˵ս
ʱƣѰس׳С

ɽһƬȺɽһ۵ɽײһȻĵ¶Ѩ
ٹʮ죬ɽ֮оҪĻˡ
л껨ૣʱɹ졣
ǲ֪ˣһж֪Ƿܹᵽһ׮ͻرйصĴ컯
Աߵ޼¶֮ɫ
һԵģ
зᶨ֮ɫ
Աߣһںˮ̶ˮ̶зѩ׵˻һ֮뵶
һޱȵˮ̶ӿĺĴ
ڴ˽Ի벻ĺô
ʵϣӽɽ˱ܿһķչж
ǲ̰ͼʲôԵһʱ뵽ľǸԱ뿪ɽ
Ȼ󣬾ͱ䷢һ¶ѨԼһȻء
˾ݷڴˣǱľޣֱҲ뿪벽ҲδʲôΣա
ֻǣۼɽĻʱͽ٣˶ѰΪ
磬ȥһߣ̽һϢ
޼Ͻ
ºл껨һۣһԴӦ
һж뿪¶Ѩ
Ǹ뿪ûãƬɽ̽ѰԵǿߡ
һһŮеӰ˶խˣŮһϮȹò欣С
ˣǿ硣
ԶԶزµ˵ӰʱҲһݣ¶֮ɫ
ɵϳǵݺ˽¶֮ɫüٵ¶һ˿м
Ļ᲻ؾѰıӻǸûʸɽ



2016 Ĳ
ϵıｻȻ󡭡
Ӱؽ˶г裬Ӵ⣬ɨӽµˡ
֣ǿѰѡ
ԱߵȹŮСѡ
ʲôѰư֮ǰɱȺۣȷұе޵ɵɽ֮ĻʱЩ۾ĿܻŹ
һм
⵹ҲǣȻڴ˾޵УȻԶһر뿪ʱȻҪѵġ
ȹŮ룬еĵǾɢ١
չ¶ӣõýµ˽ŭ
ͬʱһɻ
Ѱ
ôôϤ
ңΪλΪѰѣ
ԭڣԴɽһֱǱݷԷڹɽеһ֪
ȻҲ֪ѰϤĽһ
ʲôϽｻ
ȳ⣬ü¶ͣɱڡ
ĪǻָѰ˿ǰǣ
ȹŮӵɫҲ
µһǲŸմݷ֮߳һɱ٣Ҳдֲ֮С
ڴʱһȻˮ𣺡ֲҿ԰͡
һӰӼԶγϢƽ档
ɳȴɫ䡣
ߣ
ԥȫŲӶݡ
ȴһⲽе¡
ۣۣ
ǧ⣬ȹŮӵӰ׹䣬Աɲָ­ж
ûüӦ
µ˵赭дһȴʸɽǿ߻С
ɺֲܿ
Ҳͬʱϳݡ
ģ
Ǹưʥһĸ棡
ֻǣǴԴҲ벻ΪͥĴ˵ģǡ
׼۾Ǿ׼۾
ͬʱ˷֣ĵϢȫʥ룬øΪֲɲ⡣
ʮ죬ɽ֮оͽ֣뿪ʱлߣصһʱȡж򡭡
룬仰תȥ
ʲôû˵
еζֻҪɵӶó
ֻǡ
ǻûףΪҲΪʶѰ
Ѱ˭
ϧȥʣĵӰʧڼԶããؼ䡣
òᡭǽְɣ
޼̲ס
ôܣƵͥʱֶѱ֤ʵǹԪͥĴˣѵЩῴۣ
л껨ü
Ѱˣ˵ڴ棬ɱð˷ȺѪɺӣɾ
һֲøоѰϤ
ֻǣ˴۵ʢϣѰɲԣòᡭòǹӰɣ
һʶһ£ΪѰӦý
ͻȻ뵽ȻһɹӼٰ磬ҲԱٰ磿
һѰ
ૣʱĻѸֳһµжϡ
ԼƳޱȵĹӣܾѰ
˵ԭѾһرˡ
һ󼤶̲סߣǼǰУúô̽һϢ

뿪ɽ޼٣ɽڲƽڲͬУ½д󶯾
ƾɾ׼۵ϢܿͲֶߣ
žִ롢ױҲ½̤׼۾
һʱ䣬˲֪ٹעĿ⡣
ڹɽƾɱܿɴɱ
ֱһϢһǿ߷ˡ
֪ǿչŵϣ̤׼۾ǿߣǾһɹϣ֮ã
Ȼ츳׿ֲ̿Ҳڴ˵Ⱦ֮ѡ
ں磬׼۾һץһѣżʣɾ׼۵ȴ֮٣ǷëǰĴڡ
¾ͥʮսȻڣӵеľ׼۴Ҳ֮ޡ
֮׼ܷ֮ԡ֣ۡȫ֮
һ֪ڹɽƾɱܿɴɱʱЩǿǺε֮
ʵ֤Բ١
ʱЩӵоʥ۷ͬĸ½Ӱ㣬½ƾϣ;׼֮
Ҳ֪ѰƾûУҵȥһս
һЩ̤׼۾ֱôĿ¶Ѱˡ
ʡʡɣҵȶƾϣοǸ̬
ȥҲ
˺ǵطȥѰĴ㡣
ư֮ǰһѪսĿЩǿеһӰⱲ޷ɢˡ

ǲɽ
¡л껨޼ԶԶһϢǵĲãɽ԰ľѡ
һ·ǰֻΪ֤ʵһ¡
̫ˣ治֪νġư֮šںδ
޼ɫء
Ҫȥ𣿡
л껨Ŀ⿴¡
ҲԥˣɽдաֲһûҵѰԼСǣͲֵˡ
ȥˣԼ϶ġ
ȻһһϮɮ£ü˳ͷ࣬ģĺУƾճ֡
ӣ
µһ۾ϳ
ӷҪеĹǣֲһ䣺ҲڵҪһЩսƷ
µ˱˴˶ӣأԽ䱸;衣
ҲûͣĿ⿴˿ܣɽܴ󣬿˭ǰư֮ţػᾭɴ˵أͬѰư֮ŷأ϶ҲƬ򡣡
ţ
͵أͫһüĲ𣬻˵Ϊ̤׼۾Ϳ޾Ǽһˣ
һӡ
һƬתԵĽµУҪ
µ˽һݣ̧ۿȥŷ֣ԶطһӰһϢԿֲޱȡ
Ϊ׵ģȻǾϣ
أƳĵطһۡ
һǲãۻĲɽλȷҪĳһжӦúѰҲ̤׼۾ʵָǺεȿ¡
ھһ࣬ǿߣǬͥĴˣͥĴˡ
оѰ޷ܡ
ǰõһѪսУ䱻ѰѹˣδѶ
Ҳ̤׼۾½޷
ϵʻޱƲԣֶӦԡ
˽Ĭˡ
Ǻãǲѣɱ־ĳûѡϳ
ȻΪѰ
Ӽˣзǻ۰ĹаԹе·Ľѣ֣̰աޡ̰֮мף
뵽⣬һ̾
ûٶԡ
һ׼жʱȻһĺӲɽɢ


2017 ɱ֮׼
ãĲɽϢضա
һĺɽʼҡػΡ
ԶԶţ˯ڴϵԶžѣ
ϵ˽ͫһɫ΢䡣
ʲô
¡
ԽԽ𵴾ʮأۿɼǸڲɽϵĻϢ糱ˮһȥ
Ƭ̡
ɽȥһɴ£еĻϢȫɢһ¶Ŀ
ͼ
ϼƮҷǧش䣬һҹһϢ쳤ӣڲɽתڡ
ÿһɽʯ˸ϢӡۼܻͬһƵĵ쳹
һӣϵ˶סˣ𺳵Ŀࡣ
Ǻεһ֮ɽ
ҲɽأȴҲһܹǰɽģ
ԡ⣬֯ϼ֮Դһͨ
ƵͥڵâɽҲһһ𸣵أǺʹɽһȣҲѷɫ֣
ǲɽĿ𡭡
ӺͽµҲɫ𺳣һδ֪յĴɽȴƬ̼仯һޱȵɽ̫˼顣
ڴɽɣպؿɳһĵͥ
ȡ
ܵҲ޷ƽˡ
ɾڴʱȻע⵽ǴĲɽʼϵС
ϼꡢ⡢Ҳ֮
⡭
۾ǣǣԶסԴҲ벻ᷢȷ˼顣
۹ע£ԭۻӵĲɽ˰ɸߡ
СɴʱĲɽȴǰ貣ɢϢҲʢƬȾɹɫ
ͻ
ڳ˵ΪȥʱҲ۾ʹĽԲѹָо
Ŀһɽ˶йĤݵĳ嶯
ǡ˭
أע⵽ѱǧɸߵĲɽ£һӰԡ貵ĵУ㣬˸ݡ
һӰԶ
ǧɸߵĲɽٶȿʼСâԽԽʢԽԽֲ
أ԰縩׳Ƴ
ѵǴӲɽе󣿡
˲ڡ
˿̣ϵѹޱȣɫòҲ²͸ɽΪλӡ
Ҳ޷һӰ˭
нһֲõԤС
ҲµʲôһĿɿڴǴеĻرòǡ
ˣ
ɽ߸ʱٿһҫ۵ƥһӰУʧ
ؼǻͻͳʢϢҲ֮
һӰĿҲڱ˿
һϮ°ɫڷԺ¶һ忡ӣ˾Σƣס
һ紫˵еɡ
Ѱ
ϵ˳ԾȻ
ӣ
һͷõڴ˿̴򿪡
ԭӹȻѰ
ʱл껨޼ҲӦ¶ɫ
ԭư֮ǰɱѪɺӣ޵аĴѰԼʶĽһ
СģЩһҪԸ㣡
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Ӳδŭֻ¶һĨŹ֮ɫаѵûһѾǾ׼ˣ
ư֮ǰܶսʮ޵Уοڣ
ûж˵
Ҳ뿴һ׼۾Ѱӵźεȿֲս

µ˳еļžҲþϡܵɫ䡣
ǶѳΪ׼ۣĻῴѰҲͬƾ
ԭǻܹΪѹѰһͷӶﵽѩ޵Ŀġ
һжɿˡ
˿̣ѰɰӰ֣Ժ鲻Խֳָư֮ǰһѪս
һĻĻѪȵĻۻľƽˣ⣡
Ѱǵ˵ͷͽĿ⿴ϵˣ˲Ͳ³Ǵ˼
ǣһĨڽĻȡ
Ĳ˵
ѰȻеĳΡ
Ҳ⡣
֮ǰԼУʧ˶ûرĻᣬ϶ǲģƾϣΪǿ󣬾Ҫѩܡ
ϧ
Щһ̴ˣ
ɫ粻ǰѵһʱ䱩ɱˡ
ɴʱԥˣ
ߣٹʮ죬ɽжͽʱ򡭡ѰЩ۾
һһݻתҪˡ
ڲ뿪á̫ˣ
ʱѰָһ
ͣ
һӳ֯ɬص׼۾ʼѤá
أһȻʧɫ
ëȻȫŲƶӣһնȴƾ޿֮С
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ҡڣɫ⣬һɫӣ﷢⣬ȫ
ɫӣǾ̤׼۾󣬷ƿصһطӣе֮֮ǿƾ

նȴǱΪɫӶ˲ͱѿһ϶ıԺ
ţɫӱնɱ¡
ۣ
ھŵľĿУӰһΪѪٷɵ
ǽʱضʿһֱѷ죬ɲ⣡
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Ƶᡣ
նϣ
𺳶ѪȵһĻӡµ˶ǡ
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ܵ˼һĻĵһӦӣ
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̤׼۾ȴѰһ֮У
εȿ£
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¡
У̫ӳ˺ѳգǵصĿ񱩽꣬Хȥ
𵴣ǧԲ
ݺύ֮£ܵ˵ӰԱûУܼѪ貵Ľ
ҽһȻֹ
ΨϵĽ쳹ɢҰþòɢ
һܵλ׼ۣ
ʼգѰԭأֻ赭дһѡ
糱ˮǵɫ㱣Ȼʧ
ɱ׼ɱ
Ѱƾɾ׼ۺ󣬾ƿźεȿֲ
ʥʱӵŹŽδ޿ƥеڵǷҲھ׼۾޵У
ʱѰȴ
ľ֮·Ѻ˲һõ̤׼۾ҲƿųĿֲս
˵ѰǰУһĻ۹̣ôڳΪ׼ۺ󣬾һǰͷź
Ȼܹ׵ɱϵˣѰЩ⡣
û뵽ϵ˶̤׼۾սȴƺԶʥʱǰ׿Ͷˡ
ҡҡͷѰٶ룬ȥ


2018 
ɽʧˣؼһӱÿԶ
¡޼ϡл껨˷ֱϥڲͬ򣬾޴Ϊƾ׼
ɽжĻʣʮ죬ǻƾ
ʹ뿪ɵڴһѵ̤׼۾Ļᡣ
ϾйɽĴڱΣܹ޵ױܿĽɴ٣
ѰԶ
ѾսƷѰ
ư֮ǰһѪսУѰɱĸﶼжʮвࡢ籱Ľɫ
ҲõѼսƷ쳣ḻǵ۱ʮ֮࣡
սìеսӡԿޱȣһ۱ɱȡ
ˣĴﱦڴŴҩ䡢ġֵ֮޷
ΪֹĿӴҼֵޱȾˣ
죬Ѱ۱һװɫĴݸӣæˣЩ㡣
̬ȼؾܾˣ֣ɾ͵ǺˣֻҪЩ˭뿪ɽ󣬿϶ᱻЩĴѹ
˶٣ŹŹ֮ɫҲֻ㣬ŲһУ㻹ջȥɡ
ѰһЦЦ˵ծ಻ѹʭӶ˲
ΣҡҲֻʵʵ˵ˣϾЩ۱ԴҪôһŵ֮ҪôһȺһˡ治ҾΪС
ѰҲǿ𣬵ʮ죬ɽҪĻˣһ켣һ뿪ʱҲܵǣۡ
˵꣬ӾͦţַģҲ±ǣ۵ġ
Եúš
Ǿͺá
Ѱӣ˼
طʼҲɵԼཻطΪҳ
أĵ
룬Ѱҡͷе̫ϣʣ϶ҲʲʲôȻ
ϣٿһƬīĽƣֲĽϢȻ
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Ҫɽˣ
ͬʱƬؼصĴȥǽɰĽϢڱΡ
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ͬѰһЩƣ¾գҲһİտ
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һ
ƾɹ˳׼۾ϢˣĿ䣬ɽӣ续

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磬

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Ц
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ɫ
˭ϵһ粨УҲõ
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˵ؼңԶһɽڡ
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˵ɫԲκνţһһȺƽ
ǬͥĻŮ۵ļԿɽЩ»ҰˣҪеġĪǣΪԼˣ
͵Цһ
ͷڣһϮۣģ꣬ȴ̺޾ɣϢ
λչڵġ桱δԼĲм
˭ӣ˭֣˵˴η粨ʱҲܻΪֵġ
ɮȻò񳣬ƣظɾɮ¡
ںڰ磬ȴһɫĳƺš
յ棡
һöӣҲ˵ôһ֣Ҫһڵ۵սֿɶԴ׼
յ˵ͷȻ£֮ңʧ֮
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յﲻһ
ΪһرҸƴ
˵ţϡ
Դ⣬ȴյ΢΢һüζˣʱҪһµֵķˡ


2019 ڵŭ

ɽжĻ١
֮ɽԱߣƵͥƽ̫ɫׯɨһڴ
Щ˵
һ仰˽Ȼ
̫ⰵݷЩͬҲˣ۷ʲô£ƵͥԲϽ˭Ƶͥˮ̫һĲ
ȴ쳹ʮء
˶Ѽֲ֡
ڣǿչŵϷεȴ¼Ƶ̬ͥһֱ

ʼɡ
̫Ƶ̬ͥȺ󣬱㲻ٵ飬չж
ǬͥĻŮۡħͥȼħۡͥҴۡĵͥľӡսۣԸ߳
ͬʱϣڰУеĿԶ˹ȥ
𣡡
̫һӣһöɫԵĵӡֶӡ֮ϣӡһ㷱ܵơ
Ƶͥӡ
ţӡսۼ˺ĵͥġ¯ҴۼͥġŮۼǬͥġ⡱ȼħۼħͥġǧħ
ÿһԿˣǲ˼Ŀ¡
¡
ͼ챦ۣɨȥƬض
ذƶѻ֮ɽϣӲ俪һ޴ѷ죬ͨңԶ
Ƭ̺Ǳƿһѷ첻Ϸջһϸ͸ͨ
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Ŀⶼͨĳڡ
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˭ɱúġǬͥĴ˼ȫû
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ر˶ã
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˵ѰòǵǸ˰ɣ
һλ۾Ȼ۾ƤһʮǰһǿչŵΪ֮Ĵ¡
Ǹóɵ۳컯ˣͽѰ
һӣڳڵۿǻĿˣõú¶ľ

꼸ǺͽʵһٰһݣҲڹɽУűҴ
һ

̫Ů۵һڵ۾ͷһһɫˣлȻпܣҲоȺ⡣
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УٶһӰӳ
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ŮֱʣɱڣɻһֱУʱĥ
ٵҧгݣźѰ
лȻ
Ѱ
ǬͥɽĴ˹ʮŸ֮࣬ȴɱֻʣˣ˭뵽һоֻһģ
ĵͥľӡʶʲôɫ΢ҺĵͥǸòҲǡ
һǰѵһˣҲǱѰɱ
ʲô
ڳڵ۶ݣͫ㲻Լ䡣
Ϊ֮ǰǵƲУʸũһ˺Ϳһ˵䣬϶ʲô֮¡
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ܲŭ
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Ѱ
˽⵽ЩʼĩЩ۾޷ŭһɫ˼¡
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ӣĲݣ
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۾ŭѰ
㡭ҲĶ֣
ͥҴɫӵؿŴ߳ġ
ɫƽ˵ͷ
ûнʲôҲͥͷɽ֮ĶԹ޷ӰѰΪ̬ͬȡ
Ҵһ̾ϢˣӽҲǱɡ
𡭡
ૣڳһ۾ĪرЩء
ױǹ
̫֣ױƵͥ˽еߣж˵رػᱬңǴߣ˵ˣǱ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ƽ̣Ѱʲô֮ˣΪΡ
ױ̲סʳ
ִ̫ϣеĻǣͳ֮ѰֻǱеһСӰˡ
ױһ̾Ǿ֣ȴѰĵǺʵ岻ѣһʱ϶һЩ顣
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ʵϣʱƣһһǿߴ֮߳ɽգҲѹ
ﰵ֪ٿֲ־
صȴš


2020 

֮ɽ֮أѹֶ
ġױǿ̤׼۾ʱҲܵһֻ֮ȥѹ֡
ǶЩ۾Ϲڵȴʲô
ǺУ
ӵӰ߳ʱʱϳѰսƷҲƵһˣ
һ仰ٵ۾Ŀⶼò
СУѶ
ӡ۴ȣ羪ס
˳ҲܵСŵûһ£ЩҶѰˣǿ
˵Ѱİˣ
Ů磬˸â
ף
һȻҺ׷ǹʣΪγ˰ף
СУҵǰװͿ
Ůۺȳ⣬ǰףΪҪǸʰսƷ
һίǱƵġ
ڵ۶һСеĵҲ̫Сˡ
ǲǱƵģȸ⣬ץסϣˣŮһĲ͡
УҴ͵ߡ
ҡͷ˵ţУ½߳¡л껨޼˵Ӱ
˺СһѰͬ
˵
ȴŮȻǾȽЩ׶£
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µҲɫһ䡣
̤׼۾һʱԾֲ嶼ֲѹ
ĵ۾ɰǿգ죡
ۼǾͽѣȻһε𣺡˵£ƫοأ
ʱհĻٿȻͣڰգܵ赲
һֳȣݶӹԲĺƾճ֡
ͷŶһ͹⣬ǲһں飬˶Ǹ
ݵֺг֣һͣ͵ĻֺȻ飬Ʈ
ڳڵͫ׽һ
ǰ
̫ԾϳԷ

һԺƵͥҶ沢Ŀֲ̫ʱ֤ΪֱۣϹʱѱΪ桱
һʱ䣬ڵҲĿȻҲޱȵֺУʵһֲĴڡ
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ͷĴиԼԲĶƤЦޱȺƴ顣
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¶֮ɫһķҲûҪ˵һ飿
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пƴüĿ޺ɵʱ¶
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䷨УƷζһЩѰ塣
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ڶ۾еƬ򸲸ǣ͵Ц
طССһεºܣøλǰһǰӭʵǡܳϻ̳Ͽְ
˵ţֵرȭķ˹֣һͺܷܡ
ԭɱգҲڴ˿̱ùŹ
Сһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ



2021 Ҫ۾Ը

Ůۺȳ⣬ĪΪڳЩ֣ͬΣŲűҳѵһ٣
طŶһҾͲЩǰˡ
˵ţ̧Ҫߣˡ
վס
Ůзź⣬ѰϵĪ棬Ҳǣ
ط۾һûⲻǷϻ𣿷Ļư֮ǰռսƷ
ֵɵ̬ȣν
еġսƷ֣Ǵ̼òٵ۾طĿⶼ
ŮŭЦˣô˵ǴͷɽһǱΪˣ
仰һñӿȥطӦ϶ĪᣬӰ쵽䱳ҡ
ط΢УʲôǱΪ飿ǷΪڶڮңǬͥҺ
ˣ
ٵ۾
ŮҲһȻһСˣ˭ͱ˵ҵˣҲ
طЦˣЦ޼ɵ
ͬʱһЦؼ׼ҡػΣԲ
Цͬ޼ɵ˼ⳡожٿֲ֮
Цһۻ쳹
˭Ҹģ
һ仰һɫۣջһнӲӵԶŵġ
ÿֽĥ̴СʿɲķҫۣǰڻŮͷϿգһС̫
ڵ۽Բһ
һȫǵԵޱǿƺ׿
һ仰Ϊ貵ĵ֣Ψǲ֪仰жƵġ
Ժ鲻Խֳһˡ
ҵϳ
һ̫ʱ顰͡ƵĽ뢣һ񣬽յĵ۵ͽ
Ӳӵһ֣գת⣬ڰйעһĻĻһЩ¶ɫ
ϳ
ǿʮ㣡
Ů۴˿˵ͫһдغ;塣
һеģǶ裬Ƕļ̤
֪֮ɽѳΪ¹עκһ˿紵ݶʱڴ¡
֪һĻȥɺεȴһ䶯
ɻŮȴҶ
յһеģһֲֿ壬ŵڻŮʺһһԶ롣
λǰˣ𣿡
ȴطЦ˵
ڵɫ죬ֹǷֱǲܸˣ
ԶһĻŮۣһЩ˶
ɽжʼ֮ǰŮ۱ԹԪͥλŮӴ澡ʧ
ڣֱӰûֵҼ޼ɵؼ̤ϡ
һλǬͥŮ۰Ǻεȵĸ߸ϣȴ裬ȥΪЦɡ
βΪ֮ꣿ
֣ʿɶֹ
һ䵭𣬾һɺ磬һյĽɫɢ
Ȼϼһ￪飬Ҿͷһ
ϳۻٶ𣬡ӣûӵı£ȴϲǣһƨɲɣ
˭أ˭أܾ𣿡
طǵ£һεƲƲ졣
ϳûӰЦӵıûѧӵƢѧ񣬲Ҳ
ৣ
һ̣һ֣طӰ֣˲ʧԭء
ʼգڳ۾һֹ
֣ҵӣѾˣأ
һ䵭ٴ

ؼ䣬ΨϳĴЦ쳹ɢ
ֱʱŮظ㣬ֻɫȴԵޱѿ
̤ϣѶ棬һӻƫƫȴ޴й˶ˡ
ӵ˱ߣٵ˿طҲ丸״ߣһĻĻڶĿ⿴۵ס
˵һڵ۾ǿ߽Բ˵ʲôɳеȴѹˡ
Ϊ˶ʶ֮ɽǻŮۡӡ۵һС
ʵϣڰлЩϹŶ˼ɵ
۳ʱֹӡ۵ģǺĵͥһλ澳ϹŶ
ֹҼϳģǬͥһλֲɫ
ŵ˵ЩڰеϹŶȣЩ۾ﶼѷɫһЩ
Ҳˣóеľѹֺͽ
߰ɡ
̫̾һһ籩ǰˣʱ߿¶ˡ
һӣвʵױˣŲնȥ
ûֹ
෴̫뿪һЩ۾֤Ƶͥȷ޲һ粨Ĵ㣡
Ҳ̫һ˸뿪УһתһεӰ߳
һϮ°ɫī忡ƮݣϢȻˮ糬Ȼ׵ɡ
Ѱ
֣羲ֹ̡
е۾Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢһϣһ޷ݵĿֲɱϢҲ֮
ˣԽһݣһƥ㣬ݾչ¶ɡ
ؾݺأѹȺۡ
ԪͥˣĪ䶯
ҲʶݣΪնһֻ֣Ϊ䱳Щ»Ұ
˭Ҳû뵽ЩӵĽɫ־Ѱ棬ɱȺѪɺӣƿһ׮ɵ۳컯
û뵽һնĽɫȴڹɽУһ֮ɱѪƯ֣ͬ˿ɵУһرã
һ뵽Ϸһ׮׮Ѫȴ¼һЩ۾ж޷ƽ
һˣȴսʮѹ֮ͬУεȿ£
УƿŻرӵгɵ۳컯պ̤ϵ۾
ǿ£˭ѹƵ
һ붼˲
ѹ֣ڵ۸˼ȴûһѡ֣ڵȴʲôڼɵͽ䱸ʲô
˵УɱһѰʲôģѰˣ
Ѱɫͨɽɢ
һˣ˿ȴһֻ򣬱Ⱥǻţ
δ¶κһ˿ţ˵Ĵ㣬ԤϵһĻ
ҲˣڹɽʱŻĵؽ¡л껨޼иӴߡ
Żܾطİæǰ뿪
ô޷ǲԸԼһˣǣ۵ӡطǡ
Լ
ӭӷ籩׼
ţѰȻĿһһɨڳЩ۾ɫεĮ֮ɫ
кȻĪӿһǿҵĳ嶯
գΪۣҪ۾Ըף



2022 Ŀʼ
֮ɽңԶɽС
ѰӰ߳ʱںģ㣬ͷڵĵɮȻ¶΢Ц
Ӵ˿𣬲ĿʼҲݣһ֡Ϳ˭һˣұʷᣬҲȺˡ
һпƶһµĹ
ߣϳҲǸֵĽɫӦҲû٣ǲܡ
һӣڵңŲʲôҲʲôɽֻҪǻرб㹦Բ
˵ţҪӣڰȴסˡ
ͬʱɮüͷһȻ񡭡ǰˡ
ȻǶģҪƾֵĻԵ辶ӳϴ֡
һʵЦ
ͼ
һӰԶ䷭ɣ̬һǳʡ
ؼ綷תƣ仯һоĭɢ
գĺɫޣ졢޵أֻޣ
˵֮ǰɽȺأȫöʵľǣɮͺһֱɫУжģ
ʱһӰⲽ˽Ǵ˶Է磡
ɽ΢
üͷ
һɷɽ֮ڻе˭״ҵġ֮硯
ɮյ淢һ̾Ϣ˵Ķۣ߸óΪ桯
΢
ȻһЦƺѣ޹ؽҪҪǣһĳֻλһ
ǧ֮أ΢㣬Ӱͦ޳üۺЦ˭ˣ˭ͽ£Σ
ôı
յ̾
磬ңң΢˵ġ컯ǲ֪Ǽ١
һεĿֲϢɢ
΢ЦһԲ֪ˣ˵أ
ϥǰյ滺ǵ۱峺͵ӰҲñֱ
ƶɢӤļ
˫ֺʮׯϣǾ͵ˡ
䣡
ټĺɫ磬޾ͷ⣬ӳĵյ
΢չһڶӾƵģЦɣͶ̥

֮ɽš
ۼѰɫȻݲȣ¶κһ˿⣬òٵ۾жЩ⡣
֪ᷢˣ
ĵͥľӡ¶ЦǱ㣬Щ»ҰˣҲȲ㣡
»Ұ
֣Ѱ׶϶һ£һرжȻǰ򵥡
ԼѳΪһնĿɽЩʦʦ㣡
ϼһסǻһѡ
ѰɫȻɡ
ӡЦúѰԴǽֱӵϵĻرһ׮컯ʹЩ
ըףѹʮ㡣
ֲĵ۾ѹϯɽХƬء
ӡһٶ絼ԭָƬ򣬽־ѰϵϢȫ
·ΨѰӡɱ
ɽЩû֣Ѱ಻ס𣿲֪֮ƣǣһȫ
һĮѵӡĶ
Ҫ֣ҲǬͥǬͥЩ˿ɲܰ
һ쳹
ھҪǺãҲٿһ仰һرҺĵͥ
㣬ϼһô겻ǻ󣡡
һһ𣬳⽣ŵζƬطɫ䡣
ѰۿһĻƾһĪЩϼһǽ
䣡
飬˸ֱӶˣ̽һֻ֣Ѱץȥ
ڰ;ͱ̽Ĵ赲춯صײ
ɣ
̳УأһҝıӰͻأѰͷֶ£Ĳ˼顣
ձޣ
гԾ𣬿һĻʱȥֹ

ͼѰҲ䷢˿ȴһâĽһն
ϢأһҝıӰնΪ룬ɢʧ
һĨСˣǽҶӣ
ӰС۾Уȴ翴һֶĴգâɣҫƥ
飡
ԭҵľȻһٴͫһУƸе⡣
Ψб۱ܵ飬֮ѵúͱȻǵ۾顣
еĺöٰ
һ
۾
ǰУв֪ٵĿֲ־Դ
Ҹ֣ѵʱɽЩ»Ұỹ֡
Ȼ
һģѰʱѵĻ
֮Բ̳ȥɱѰǵɱն˷ɽЩˡ
̬ѷչزѰ֮Щɽ˾Ծɲ֣Ƕ
Ҳ̣η塣
ӡۣԥһ֣һҝıӰٶƾճѰͷֶ¡
ȻǱձޡˣǾӡۣ
ҶԵúᣬ̧һɨգһն䡣
Ǳɣ⽣鲻ףɼΪħ֮ǣɲܱṆ̀ˡ
һЦУһ׹Ǵɽȼħ۰ϣ͵һƳѰȥ
Ҫ⽣飬Ҫӵ
ŮҲ֣һڻ֣ӿ꣬ƵĻ𺣳Ѱӿȥٵأֲޱߡ
ߣǵÿڳλӦӦ
ˡ
һ˲ѣмֻƵֶһЩرգɱ졣
Ҳһ˲ѰǰһΰޱȵӰû绡һԶ
䣡
ȭɱ޾ױţѿգ׹𵴾죡
ת˲䣬Կ˷Ĺɢ
ӳĵһӰ׵֮Ծ
׵ۣ㾹û
һԾĲƬء
ڵ۶ʱһ
Ůۡӡ۵ˣɫ䡣
׵ۼ۾촫һ׵˿Ĵ棡
ȴڣŮЩڳĵ۾ҲСûʲô
У˲Ϲʱڹɽ𣿡
ڣ޷ƽ
ѰһصСѣȴֹӵһ飬߻м׵໤ȫϡ
˭뵽ԸһСɫѣɽЩ˻ûг֣ͻᷢ˲ۣ
ԭôȥϵñ
Ӱ貣ԡʢ񱩵׵֮Уɱû뵽ǡȴһֶԸһˣá̫Ҫˣ
͸źεıĺ



2023 һȭͽ
Ļһ쫷磬ϯء
һЩ۾ͫһС
Ѳ²⵽ջһЩȴû뵽ȳѰöˡ
£׵λõĵ۾عشֻʣһԪˡ
һ˹ؼ쳹ǲڰеһλϹŶˡ
ʵϣѰ߳ǰ󣬾вٰеϹŶ
ЩɫҲϵĻŮۡӡ۵˸˼ɵ
֮Իû¶ټԭܼ򵥣Ϊķ
ԭֻһԪ
Ů۵˵ɫʱһ۾عصĴڣǸе
ֻһԪ
вҲʣ޼ˣ
Ҳյı仯ЦˣԴǴݣȷֻʣһԪȲ²¿ƴսٸģ
ɫ䡣
һ˹ٶ𣺡ϧ׵ȻƴҲ޷Ťת֡
ħͥ
üͷһ壬з˵â
Ƭ̵ĳĬһ˹ȻЦּԻ
ħͥһλ۾عϹŶһ֤ΪͨΪ桱
°ܽһˡ
Ц
һ仰ڳ˵ͷ𵴣ԭں֮ǰڼ׵֣֮
֮ǰ˭֪Ĵܡ
ߣ
ߣϧڵ㣬ʸñ֣㻹һ룬ζȹһذɣ
ʼգӰ֡
ʦ˵ĲһԪѣΪǣҪС󣬸ǳ룡
ͬħͥȼħ俪ڣĶһ֣˼
ĮȻ
Ҷ˷⡣
Ѱɫ·ɽЩʦʦ㲻Сеڣ
Ҳڴʱٴ䷢
һɵĽɫٿѹȵհݣӿͻ
գһھѰԶĴϣôض̳
칬
ڵüͷһ壬³˭
ͼǽɫСջһ߸ߣƮȻһƾճֵӰС
Ӱΰɢ֮ţֳϫĴ
ħң
һ˲ѰҲϳݣٸ⣬Ҳû뵽СĸףϽ
ȴ¶һЦݣһԪټϱأ
ң㲻ΪλҪϽ
̲סʡ
ڹɽжĻ֮ǰҾڴ˵أڰ;ʱͻȻ뿪˶ΪǲƲʶǰˡ
ȴû뵽ڴʱˣңһҪѰ̬
̾˿û취ĳֻһŮƫƫŮСѣأǷŮ̫࣬Ůίֻˣλһˡ
˶һ
ΪɣҪˣ⼫ħǷ
Ѱеһ⣬ҿ϶ȸ뢣϶ܹһǺεȿֲա
ȴˣ
ǷСйأѰͷѣ˵ĶҲˡ
òףǡñ칬ĸȤΡһΣ
֮ǰֹҼϳĲ
ţһӰ֣һ۵ӣݿƥһͫӳֲֳĻâ
ϸһ淨ƣе
棡
ǬͥһλϹŶڣڵĺպйĴ˵׷ݵ̫ʱڣ
նʱѹޱȡ
ΪĿǰΪֹǵһӰ߳Ŀֲɫģᣬʵѻ˲֪꣬ԵϹŶ
ɫأһȻЦһ磬ֻȱһţƾǿԽ֮䵱һĥʯ
˵ţɢԾս⣬ȻмĽϼ
ħۣ£Ӳ¹˭
ĥʯͲ°ĥˣ
濴ᣬȴޱȣ˵ζ
ĥʱҰæأ
׵
㣿
ҡͷֻ³֣У
ѹ֡
һ̣ѰоѣнҶӺͼ׵۰ڵĿֲͳŲסˡ
ҲѰʶȻ̤׼۾޽ӽڵ۾ɲ࡭̫ˣ
蹵㣬˿ӵ׼һΪʱ޷ȥԽ
ԣ
Ŀ⿴
ð
ͷ
ҵüˣ֣ӱ˱ӻȷҪô
ʵ㵣ıҶǣƣʧһЩɡ
սӿ
һ仰˳ҵ£ɽЩ˻֣ðȻ·磬ٱס֮Ĳֻ·硣
ҵƣóҵ޷̡
俪ڣǱȫǣ·
ϣ
Ҽһī̤գ֮ʢҡǺ
һս
ߣһӣҡϡ
ת˲䣬֮ϼսһֻܿ޾Ļ汼ڣĽ쳹
ȵ۾ԾڴϣԽƬɽӴóݣ޷Ŀֲѡ
һʱ䣬֪ٵ۾Ŀⱻһս
ȥˡ
ֿѰһۣ֮ǰӦҳ֣ΪѰ˵һģеơ
ǰܷһ
Ѱɫƽصͷ
á
ȥӰױӿ
ڵ۾ĿֲԾңӳֳһĻĻֲľ󣬾ĩҪٰ㡣
Ѱľ磬ԿŵеɱɽֻǿţѣĶǡ
ͷðΣյĸо
ಣ
һֻɫľƾۣץ
ȻƵҪżҶڵľʱѰ¡
ҶӳͣԵޱߣںɫƶԿУȴѹƵô絹ˣ֧Ųסļ
ϣɣ
һֱעѰϵĻŮ۷Ц̽һֻ޳֣ճѰץ㡣
һȭͽ飬ΪɶҪȥ
һľګƵ
ģһȭ
һȭ򵥵ֱ˵ȴܹݿһ赲һңǰơ
һȭѰʡ
һȭ֮£Ůһץֽ֮Ȼ飬Եǰ㲻һ
Ů򷢳ֵļС
һȭԵ˼£־ľ߽⣬ȻƴֶΣþѧûܵסһ˲
䣡
׵ıŮĥѹըѪ
һȭλõŮۣһλǬͥųŵͨʹ˻ɢ
ȫΪ֮



2024 һն
Ψе۾ҪһͬףҪɱһͬȴǧѡ
ԭڣ۾ĵУѴﵽ˼ĵز½ʣһƲл꣬ԺҲлָϣ
ڣṲ̊۾عصĴڣȴһȭݿɱ
ֻ֤һȭ˵ΪҪԶԶŮۣ
Ψˣоѹ֮
ԱѪȵһĻ
һĿʼڣ˲ٱеĳϣеǵԤ֮С
˭Ҳû뵽ŮۻǵһĽɫ
ɣ
ǿչŵϣƵǾĴ£Ȼ󲨡
οŮ۲һ۾վ֮ͥһǬͥ
ҲڴʱǿѰǰ֪ʱһӰ
ŲЬһ⼣߲ĳͷڣģһׯںƵġ
û˿ǴҲûвģͷ·վǣ
ֻһվˣ˵ĸоһſļΡ
ɽʮһˣ棡
˵ҿݣõóڵһ鲻ԽһЩܾǰĴš
Уиħһũǿһȭɱ
зͨ콣۱һũǿһȭɱ
Ҳ岻಻ķһũһȭɱ
֮ЩУһũԼ޿ƥУԵ޿赲һȭ
ǲ֪ǸũԷɽʮһ棡
ҲʱΪۡ
棬ȡһ֡
䣬ȡһȭ֮
֣Ե۳ƣνʵ
žķΧУѰͷȴһһ˿Ƶ
ֱȳˡ
Ѱ΢̣
ڵݷͨؾеء
ڳҡǿʱʦֱ֮ǰȭɱԵزؽĶɿɮ
֮ǰԭǴȥɱŮ۵ģһαͻأȡ
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ǰ֮ģڶ࣬϶ֵĻᡣ
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һҲܹ죬ǰʱÿһҪصգѰӲԸس֡
˭룬񷴵Щˡ
΢ı仯ѰлǺܸ˵ġ
ľګ˵ʦܣûɶˣҪרĿ֣
仰Ҳʵڳڵ۶Уȴ˵Ĵ̶ۿľګʵԴȴҲ̫ˣ
ѰЦˣʮһʦ֣Դȭͷǰ㣬򵥡ֱӣȴεİ
̲֪棬һ֮£ӵ𣿡
һͳ
ؼ䣬ͻȻһɴ̹ǵĺ䣬˪类ᡣ
Ȼǵ۾һܵһɽĺ⡣
һӰۡ
ģۣ꣬ͷ̵٣ؼ䣬ӿֳ鸲Ŀֲ
һƵ۾֮״ӳĵһ
ͥ棡
һڵ۵ս¹պϹŶһַ׷졣
֣ڳڵۺеѣʵǣϵϢ̫ǿʢ
ֻǿʼ
ŷ֣һЦ֮
棬ĪˣϹڵ۵սУʦָ象ʮʦܼݡʮʦءʮʦʮһʦܹʮʦԪӡģ
һɫѵأһӰһۣ뷢ƮȻźɷǡ
һ궯
Ϊߣ̫ŵϹŶĵ桱
һ˲λ֣һìͷָ棬õؼһӽ¡
ӡۡҴЩڳĵ۾ʱԵð١
ɫ両ֳһĨ⣬ũӣһ̾Ʊŭ
ԭڣĵ˵Щ֣Ϲڵ۵սѵķɽˣ
֪Ϊ𣿡
ƣȴ͸һɺ⣬һһٵ֮𣡡
䣡
ϣɱ⣬Ʈ䣬޾ڣһ̵ֳڡۡϷɣ
ǣǾͿȱˡ
ĵЦ㶼ⱣʵЦһЩ
ڴʱ͵쳹һŭ˻

ڳ˽ɫ䡣
ںҡ׵ۼսĳ棬һȴһǡ
ǽ飬֮
ÿĿһĵ۾඼ݺһ鴤
ۣ
ת˲Ӱǽ֮»ٽ͸žŭ˻أ
ڵ۲ڡ
ĵɫ䡣
һն棡
£˭ӵ˿ֲĽ裿
Ѱ͸ĿԾҲ޷ᵽһ
һܹ֮ǧţ
˭
˿ϣڰУڶʶ͸ӦȫɨǱ߹ע
һĿʼ񣬳Ϊһĵ漶
۾Ѽѱɱοڵ۾
ܹһģǿչŵָ
ͼһԼٻӰ¡
׺ɫǾޱѣںڳһöб壬¶һƯذľա
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2025 ͷ뽣
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á
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սǵӰһ˲ŲҲֻ֮£ǵܼͷš
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˵ʱɣ̤գͷһͷһλݺȥ
䣡
ɫ䣬һͷѣȴΪڳأն촷ۣ龰ˡ
㲻ɣ
λɫ;֣һֱһָ߸̬ǵĴڣһԲ֣ѳ׼ŭ
˵ʱӰһݣŵһɫ裬ٿȻһɫᣬӲ
أ
һײ쳹أ쫷ɢħ޺ѪȵҰ˷
λӰģʮɫ׽ӡ
ǸˣֻԼеĳͷУǾӲݣ֮һ˲ͳͳһϰɡ
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ɱ
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ʣµˣΪĬسɱ˾
ʦ˵ˣɱô
͵ػӶͷӰһɲǼҳǧΣӲλ𿪡
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Ҳ˵һ˲Ĺһλ濪ս
ǵһڵĴǣµ۾ͷٲȻϵΨ֮ƣ

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ǵ֮ĶԿ
õֶΣһǿϵĵ۵ط֪һսε֮졣
һ̣֮ɽڵһ޾ڣֳܵذնѣݣ׹Ŀֲ
磬ܣطƣ
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ЩС֮Ǳƨֱ˹ȥǻҲѾ
һУԶΪһ֮ս

ʦֲֶǴֱ
һпƯĵۣЩǻҹζ࣬Ҳֻܴ³һˡ
λѳ֣Χ
˵ʱһӡ
һ֮ԣƾն֣һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬ӵһνС
ڤڤУһ֣֮ŤĽģй׾ģлɬصħ֮ģζĻġ
Щ϶֣ͬԻһӡʷ̺֮֮ܣһ֣һνܡ
ת˲νԣ⣬֮⣬ҡǿգ
ƣƿ
ݾڵܿܿʱ˿̣Զע⵽һɺϵĽ֮ԶĲ֮
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ৣ
һɲǣѣ㣡
λ޲ɫ䣬ȫ֮Ӳ
䣡
һҺֲԺ͵⣬ãã
ܹλĵ棬ھĽ֮ɱ֮£һʼͱѹƣ
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ĿһĻ¶֮ɫҡҷ


2026 ۵״Ԫ
һ壬¸һͷ䣬ҲԺǿһͿ
ＫѤֺ֮ԣѹƵ涼̧ͷ
չ¶ֶͨΣҲڵĲΪ֮ɫ䡣
̫ǿˣ
޷ЩɽӵеǺε֮졣
֪棬̤۾عأڴ˾ϴڣȻǸͥȴУǶĴڡ
ڣλһ֣Եв
̤˾ǿ£δȥã
зһĨȡ
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Ѱ۾
ֻǣĵ֮սں嫺ͿֲԶܹš
ֻܿȻǱΧ֮£ʦֺ;ʦҲӦ磬ƣ
Ҳ
˽ԳѰʥӵ֮սɳ޵УǺ桢ȣȫС׼ס
أһĮؼ쳹
λ֣ȥһ֮
δ£ͼӰӳ
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⣬һȺ棡
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к䶯ӡ۵ȵ۾Ծһڵ֮Ķģ岻֣ȴȻǿ󣬿ҲٴΧɱ
Ѱһ˫Ȼ߬
ɣ˿̵֮ɽݷŶٵ澳
Ҫȥ
׵ۼҲסˣƾˡ
㶼ֻʣһԪҪȥƴ
ü
ѣһҲȤζ
һƿն

һЦ𣬾ͼȼħۡӡһˣӰ
䣡
ȼħ̧֣һ˽ӲӵĴɱص۵ӿˡ
ӡۻȭȭӡɽһѹȡ
ת˲
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¾ȫҲ޷ͻΧȻȥ
Ϊң
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֮ǰ֣ΪҪѰˡ
ֻǣҸһжͱһֲĽⶢϣõӰٿȻһ٣һĨâ
ңĶҡ
һͳɳƵһϷƾնɫɺ멣Ӣ䡣
УһǹǹĿޱߡ
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¡
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˭

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۵״Ԫɣڶķ
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״Ԫɣû뵽㾹š˵Ѱǿձ˰·;𣿡
һ
ܵ档
ѩ˸֮ɫڵģǵǰѰǿձ˰ĻҲϹʱһڵ۵ս
ߣ㼴룬Ҳ
һ
𡣡
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ৣ
һӲӵӳٿնȥ
Զգһҵݣ͵زĺ
ͬʱһӰƺߣӳȻһ֮ǰ͵ϮѰĻ
Ӧ죬˫ֽһɫĵȥӲ
䣡
Ѱײذ
ͼɫҵǻͷѪƾη޼¡
հһƵԪ뱻ҵñ顣
ǰҲѣڵ۾;ӵżĻһغ
ġ㰡
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2027 ڶķ
һɱһۣ
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ۡ۶ǿ޷ֶһѷɫĵ۵״Ԫɣȫϡ
ΨһЩ뵽Ϲڵ۵սɽĴ˻Ŀ٣ÿһųĿֲս
򣬵ڵ۵սϲǰҵ
ʦܣ۾ɵףҲǷָߵ͵ģν۵عأһһ죬ͬ磬ƿصȫͬ
ȴѩº͵ʦֺ;ʦãǶ̤۾صżڵ۾棬ɳΪ档
ǰΪ˶ܽĲ׽Ųòѹƾ磬ֻΪֻѰĵ۾Ϊڡһˡ
һ֣˵ζ
ڼĶľУѩȴ޶ƵģѰ۾أѰһ㵡
Դ͵ʮʦ֣ôϻҺʦһ֮
ӣ
ľګƵҲ֮Ȼѩµۡ
Ѱǳ鴤ҲֻоʦʦֲŸ˺ѩʦ˵˰ɡ
ȴѩȻʧЦҡҡͷգе򿪡
ɫƽγɢһɺȻ֮ϯʮ
Ӳ񡣡
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ÿһ֣ӡأؼ쳹ƺӴףġ
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ʳ󱥣󰲣¶ԣеɡ
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ȭһλɱѪˮƬ춼Ⱦɺɫ

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һ̣ѩɫҲ棬΢΢ЩأȻҲ֪ƹ⽣
״Ԫɣ㾹ľͷǽǺõ
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ѩӰһҡΣһֱֻ̬ɫˡ
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ƹ⽣˵ʱŽ⣬ٶն¡
ৣ
Уա
֮ɽڵݾεȺ嫺͹󣬿һնʱݾ͵һ֪ٵĴɽͻأر顣
֪ٵķݺȻ಻֪жٵľʹ𡭡
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ѩһսһ
ʦרоǡ
ʱһƵ˿ӳһ
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⡭
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ѩ´ǷĵЦ⡣
ٲĿжڡ
Զƹ⽣ͫһŽڣȴٳ֡
ͼһ羲ԼӰȻѩºѰǰںڳ٣¶һؾ񵭵ݡ
ͷβ˵ĸоˮɾҲǰ񣬿ɵ֣ȴһ󾪺

Ҵ۵˽ϳڹɽжĻ֮ǰŮԹԪͥݳ֣Ůۣõúߺ֮
ôˣⲻܣ
һŵƸû뵽Ȿóڴ˵һˣȴˡ
ƹ涼¶֮ɫɲѡ
ؾŮӣȻǷɽأ
ʦ֣ѰҲ̤ʵЩڴʱʦָźεȷɣ


2028
滹ںͶּɱһһƥ
һ࣬ȼħ۶սڣħӿ
ҺĶսңһһǹݿ֮
УѩϥоȻʮأһ˶ѣȴӰս֡
Ϊֹּ˵սҿԳӰ˵񣬶˵ޱȡ
һսŲͬεĵ۾Ŀ
ɵɽسõȫеĿⶼϡ
Լľĳ֣ȴ
ƺ˭Ҳû뵽
ʦܣ֪Ϊ㾪ȣ
ˮƬؼ쳹δʲô
ΪΣ
ѰҲ棬Ҵ۵ȵ۾Զƹ⽣棬ʦֺ󣬶һģ
ǶΪˡ
ǵƵͥʱô
Ѱ˵ͷ
뿪󣬾ͱһЩ϶ϣһ·β棬һ뿪
شһĨζȣʵϣҲû뵽ǾѪλһɵвɾ̫ˡ
ʦ֪Ƿɽˣ֮¸أ»ҰƮţײټԭڣһ¶ټͻᱻ⸲µĽϡ
ԣλ澳ŻһɵԴ˵ɱﵣҳˡ
˵⣬ƹ⽣Լڳ۾ɫòȻ
Ѱһܹƿؽġ𡱣
סʣأ
Ц³ĸ֣ˡ
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ˣ
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ⲻܣ
λ棬澳еز粻಻𣬿ų棬ܻᱻɱ
֮εһɽ֮Ϊûɱˣ
ƬصİУһŭ
ȻصĻ޷ƽԽܡ
ѰĲʶⰵоݷŲٿֲĴڣֱڲ¶
ЦЦһ
һѪܵͷ­֣׷ȾѪŭĿԲĶͷ룬һĿĵĿ类д̴
Ǭ̵ͥ桯
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̵棬Ǭͥ˶ġ澳ʯ֤̫ţǬͥʦ״ӣָߵˡ
ţ澳꣡
׼ȴժȡ
ȻλʯĹϴڣѾѣ

һӰٳУһ꣬ɫƣ뷢ŭš
Ǭͥǧǵ棡
λڰеϹŶڵ̵֪جĺ̲סڴ˿Ӱ
ʲôĲŸտʼ԰ꡣ
˵ţһһɫ«֣Ө͸絮ڴԴȻ֮
«棬ȴһõ˥ðޱȡ
λϵô
ʡ
䣬һۣͷڵѴӰ߳
ͫ磬ŭȵҺĵͥ̽桯ı۱컯
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ԺĵͥĵĿѡ
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Ϲͷԗս壬һڴ˵ģҩһζ浤
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϶䲻һЩɺôҲս澳ҽƤҰǿΪСʦһƷ಻׵ĵۡ
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񣬲ֹɱǵࡢƤҶϣҪͷƵۣ
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ɵնʱȴ˿˿ƵĵƾסһȦȦĵ⣬һϢĥ𡭡



2029 Ūڹ֮
Ѵ֯¡
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Ѱվ󣬿ɵһĻʱȴʲôҲ᲻ֻܵһ
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ǧǵһȭ߰ѹ֮նݣΨѰءѩڵƬ򣬹ܵκγ
ǿֲȭҲϢأ֮󡱵߽⡣

Ժĵͥĵ߼һڻк棬Ƭû
Ҳת˲䣬ͱ֮󡱻⡣
⡭
ߺš桱ƿصĻҲһѰս֮ʢ۾Ե
ɴʱȴɫ䡣
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һȴԱֵԷһ˿Եúܲ˼顣
ԹԵʦܣһɳһʯһһľһ磬޵֮·֪֮Ҳɺ˵֮΢СˣᡮС⡯֮
ˣ̸Ц̬ޱȵľУԵǰ롣
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ƿصȻǱѰĿֲһ֮䣬ܺ򷨣֮š
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Ȼ޵ߣҲȫŵ̻̲
ΪУϿӳֳ̫˼ĿֲУ˵ĻϢ
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ĩ٣

ȵ漶֮ĽѰһ׼۲εǿߣ޷֪еİء
ζһֻϣĿɱֻ֪սޱ߿ɲɾֲȴ޷֪
˿ֻ̣ʦ㴩߰޽ᡰ֮󡱣һ˶λĹԵ࣬С
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ʦֺ;ʦսҲͬˡ
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սУֳɽӱ촷۵Ļ𳡾ĵӿԣûҶ
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ˡˡ
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类֮ˣݾ֮У
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ΪѰָ㡣
棬޵Уϵ㣬Уǵ棬ʲô𡣡
֪С㹻ˡ


2030 ұһ
صָ㣬ѰÿһֶμУ̺ĵȴ᲻
Ǵ֮粻ҲȻ
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ѰΪն֣ҪһرУҪǣҪ˻ᣬһٽɽЩ˲
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δ䡣
΢۹ĵǰһȻţһڵǳ޾
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ֱ仯̫˶š
ұһҡŵ;䡣
΢Ʈ裬ɫ価һ־Եš
㱼䣬ƻſ磬֦Ҷͨ죬֮⣬ӳ֮ϣ
ۣ
һ䣬ܼĽ壬Ԫ
꣡
յһɫ䣬ֱðʲôʱ΢ѱ˿ֲ
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ɽӷŭ֮ǻȪ
΢䣬֮䣬ӿֳŭŵǰʢǰ貣ǰ㲻һ
ƣ
бŮӷ˻Уȼ죬һ֮ڴ˿̼ͷš
ɽһ˲һԱӲӽ飡
飡
һɣѣɫûУҽ
ɵ
ͨţҽ޼ͨ񣡡
΢һХӰã翣ǿʢ轣˸졣
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֮ǰһĻĻѪ̼ѳ׵ﻹȥ΢Կ
΢ˣЦ϶ֱ̫ܣ


2031 ȥһ
Ҫ𡭡
΢ͷ񷡣
䣡
ڵƬ磬õĿܹǼУһĨ޵Ļɬۡ
ʦܣˡ
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΢˵ͷӰٿȻʧ

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һ
ǽĲ
ȴֹʦ֣սɱʦǿˣΪȴô
΢һЦұΪֻǶԸԺڰϹͷ룬ǻа֣Ҳֻɱˡ
һ赭дɻеζ˽һͷƤ顣
Щ޹ؽҪǿɾҪһӲˡ
ü両һĨء
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׵۹̨ϣϼ˾ڱƾԶ
񷻹ǰտȻûʲô𣬿Уȴ˿ɼĿֲ档
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棬ϹĴ֮һ
ţÿһ֮ˮնضԭʼĹ֮ڡ
ϹʱܣֱɽֱޡߡԱὡ
ÿһɽɽɣͨǺ½Ӿġ
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ܶǰʱѰ桰ʥؾһƪʹйصġʡ
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ڸǰǿչŵʱǿձ˰ͨؾ֮ͨ죬ڹ֮С
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֮ڹ棬̫صĴ˵
ڽգһӰµĳѹ
ڵȵˡ
һ˲һɿֲޱߵĶս֮



2032 
֮ɽ
񷲻֪ʱī֭ҹ֮ɫȻ
žѹַΧҲһ̲΢ı仯
ڰ಻סˡ
ӿĪĹƺɲ١
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΢˼
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δʤǰܣѩʦԵǲ
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һЩڵ۵սϹŶڵ۵սУҲһĻ
ЩɽˣһĻʱ½ѣ
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һ̣ءҲתԽ֯ŽǿɲѹϢ⡣
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2034 Ȼľϲ
ֹһɲмһƹ⣬Ȼѵأһͷᣬִ۽С̤ѥĽɫӰ
ɫӰͬӰ˿ɲӵһɷͬѰ־췣

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·ϣЦʱ꣬ǴܾһҡȻڴսгֲ⣬Ҳٲеھˡ


2035 սϢ
Ϲڵ۵սĻΪ豵˵䣬÷ɽ֮һìܡ
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ХһĶսϢһѻ𣬽Ǹʮĺڰ˺ѡ
ؼѹ֡ҡϢһ紵ɢ
һɲǷתУһ˿ɬ
ڼԶսڵۣԼвϹŶǣĪһëȻ
һ̣ԭѴʧصأȻ̧ͷһԷиֳһĨظɡ
ͬʮĵȴһһ
һ̣йѰʶ̧ͷǲ֪Ӻηһ硣
ϤϢƺǡս


2036 һ統
һɲϿգī֭ĺڰҹĻһȼյĹ˺ѿһ϶
ĿһĻ޵ߣ޲һ
һЩڸеϹһȻһÿֲĶսϢ
档
ؾһɫٻӰͻȻƾո֣֮ϣ续ϣϢ档
Ȼˡ
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ıվǳˣһ̫ĶԹؽڽշֳһ
ǿУЦŤͷͷϲģߣ͸ϲϷˣ
󷽵ϼ˾һΣˣյаջʤ
룬Դ𣺡ɡ

֮ɽ
һ磬ͻأȴԾ
һ֮ǰЦЦЦҲһȻֹƲ˲Ծ
죬һЦб𣬿ϧ֮£һбɱ˭ˣ޷ıЩɽĨɱ³
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ǴʦֵĴ𸴣򵥵ĸ֣ȴۿˡ
ΰӰ۳ҳУ֮һһ֮鱻ɱǰԵǰͣһλս޿ƥС
΢桢¡ÿһȵķɽˣԵǰ㿪ǰ㼤
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һ̣ţΪ֮


2037 ս ȸ
֮飬ɽ
޵Уͬ췣Ļ֮
Ϲڵ۵սУ豵ȷɽ˵ѣ֤˽֮Ŀֲ
ڽһֵĶУ֮ȷӳĿֲ
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ЩжԷɽĵ۾澳֮࣬ҲܵޱȵĿܣƿһĻʤ⡣
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ܾǰһһɱˣ˵أܲ˾Ҫʵͳͳߣ˵ɿڵӣһҪûȥеʦֵǶһ
գûԸΪؼΨһһĿֲ֪ߵغļһܺġ
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ÿһҲǶһţߴڣѰĵ۾ǷС
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ʦܣЩϹͷϻǸԸΪū޷ǰǿձ˰ˡ
ʦŨŨӣ͸¶һܣ
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ȴʦһչӰȼյĻŰҪٻ񷡣
ͳ쳹죺
ǣѵҵ˵Ļҷ紫ߣ


2038 Ϊ֮
ƥɱɢʮԲ
䣡
ʦ̤գɢȼյĶսϢ綷սס
ɾڴʱһ
սۣЩĶǻϲɡ
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2039 ˲С 

ͬʱ³㣬òʱѰһ𾪺⡣
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Ȼǽ꣬ǸԸԿΪʥԸشڣǸһͳƽҡȥĴ
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ͬʱԭƿصĽֽһ㣬ǼĽɫһһ顣
УƣҲ֮Ȼ˥һء
ã
˭Ϊܹ׻
ЩϹŶԺȻë
Ҳ̫˼飬֮ǰսɱԺɨǧ֮ƴݿɱһ֮飬ǵ
ڣ긦һ֣ͷųܣȻڶսۣβ
źϼ˾Ŀ¶ݣһǿ
˭
ء΢ǼˣҲ𶯲ѣʦԴ˵ۣ
ߣ
ߣ
ЩϹŶƲԥҪԶݡ
֮ǰӵнӳ֣ǲܹͶšϼ˾Կû˽еɱȥ
ǲšϼ˾ҲزɲĽ꣬ЩɽˣܸǴĴ
һһһһģѪծڽջ˰ɡ
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ǸյĽƪٿȻɢĵģ緱ǳ˷֡
ÿһ£ǹգǰ貺ͳʢЩֵ֮ܣ򿰳޷Ŀɲ
ۣ
һ˲һλ˲֪µĵ澳ϹŶһΪֵ߱貵ĻУԪ˲ͱ𣬻ҽƮɢһգ


2040 죬Ҫ
貣Хꡣ
޷ǵһĻ׳ۡ
ɱ£һһ澳ϹŶɱɵʺѪˮȾɴĿ졣
һĻ档
棬εߺǿ󣬸죬Х飬ǿչŵϵһס
ɴʱȴһɱ
ǷӴܣֵƴУ貵ĵĺɱ£ȴԵǰ
źϼ˾ԶԶܿΪǶ޷ٲ֣ĿһĻĻѪݣҲֱ
ء΢ҲƲסӿ𾪡
ֻſڷɽ֮ͥ⣬ǰ΢СȴʦΪߡ
ֱǲʶߡֵ
ľ磬еһޱȵľޣֻһͷҲֻдʦ֡ʦ֣ܹʹ˵һϸߵͰɣ
Ѱ
ֻ֮ǳеһĻһʱҲ۾𺳡
һУȫҲ֪Ĳࡣ
׼ۣѿǵ۾֮ǿ޵
Ǻ͵۾һȣȴѷɫһأҪ֪۾֮Ϸ˾عأеεĴڣ
ǰһսУ桭
ζԱȣѰףԼӵеĵУϾͷȣǺε⡣
ûбȽϵĿܣ
ʦܣ޵񣬲Ų꣬һλ׼۾ǷɽЩڵ꣬һܹȡ
صѰ𣬡ٿЩһ֪˶꣬ʱ䣬ĳɾעҪ֮ϣ
·ҲʶһĻĻѰľĳʶʱʱ̶̿ѰΨһŵıҡ
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еɱĻܼʮλ澳ϹŶԱɱѪڤ֮¡
꣬ʼƾȻ顣
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ȥǿչŵУ
ڼԶطһЩ۾ҲĿѪޱȵһĻһëȻ
ս۵ǿԵ
꿴Ʋɽ¶ˮɲ¶ܣȫѷɫսۣ
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ϳӷɫСӣԶҲҪˣʲô

ؼ䣬ѪŨ
ҶսನзļսأԻڳ
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λĪͻ澳
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У֮ߵͣӵеĵǿܲҪ
Ψжźϼ˾ƺʶʲô¶Ծ֮ɫ
Ҫֳʤˡ
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һ

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ڽɱЩ澳ϹŶ֮ͥʮս塢̫ŵЩȻУ붯Ϳֻš
أ
Ƿɽѵܵסɱɣ
䡪
͸žš𺧵Щӡ
ûв뵽һսƾЩĵ̣ǵһʱͻϤ˷һе顣
֪˴βеЩѼ¾һʱ֪׻ǰһ󷢺ڣת
ǵ֪ѳ֣ѹսۣЩ붯ͻС
ȷ̫Խܡ
֪˴Ϊ˶ԸɽˣһرǺУʮλ漶
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棬һ֮棬¾ǬġȵͥУ澳ڵĿҲָ
һô࣬ȴɾ̫ˣԪˣҡŸ
ΨһûܵӰģƵͥ
ǵ˽⵽ЩƴĿĵϢʱƵͥϹŶʶ
һĵĽΣǿչŵĸ֣ʹ˲츲صı仯
죬Ҫˣ

пʼҺֳұļ󣬿ֲսŰǴɱľΪ֮
գһ춯صıȻѣ
¡
һɲǿչŵ綼͵һ֪һŵûð
бѵһ˲Ѿõĺˮй£ɢ
ԥһ䡣
𣬻һĻѰصУõ֮յرܿȿֲĳ
죬һеĶŽƽ
ҰָͼƬأѳ׻棬ǲơĺۼ¶һ޴ѷ죬Զ
ҝģŻϢһأ񱻴ƻ飡
Ѱ
ʦأ
һս˭Ӯˣ
ʶɢɨȫһɫ䶼ѴһĨš
Ӯˡ
Զưܻؼ䣬Ʈ裬һԳξȻУ¶һĨ㱡
УɵеһĪ𺳣һΣڡӮˡ
ڴʱպҲһӰӴϳ
һȼյĻ𣬴ӻư𣬽ǻҰѹֵ
Ӱ˺ۣѪʣȴǰɢƣþ
һӰֵһ˲ʱ羲ֹƶ񣬳ΪؼΨһĹ⡣


2041 ޿
Ѱǡ
ǰؼӰһӿͷ
Ӯˣ
ʦӮˣ
һ˫漣Լۼ֤Ѱһʱ޷ҳκδʻݴ˿̵顣
Ҿ֪ʦս޲ʤģӲʧӲᣡ
΢Ц
ء桢㡢µҲЦˡ
֮ǰͷѹֺͽȫһɨգÿɫ価Ǹпϲá
ϣʦЦȾѪ为ۣЦȴǰʹ죬Ҳ
뾡лʮŭͺޣڽյֺη
šϼ˾ҲЦˣڣƾп
죬ڲסۣأپвס֮ϲãһ
´ڡ
ʦЦֹס˵һ£ǽڣһܵģֻһŹ
Ŀ񷣬͸һɷȼյĶսƣȺʱǽıԴˣŽʹ죡
Ҫȥǿձ˰һ⣿
ʦֵͷûκԥ
пƵ˵Ȼˡ
ʦתǣƣ֡
ûж˵ʲôֻЦЦѵֵǧ
Ŀ⿴Ѱһƺ«˹ȥ
Ⱦƣ
ã
Ѱӹƺ«ͷ
Ҳ
ʦִЦҲóһƺ«
ǶЦ
ǳνʦţʦҲ㣬Ƕ
⣬Ͽɡ

ػްưܺͻϢڡ
һսվǽˣǸϵĽڣֻûȥƹܺˡ
Ϊ
ʲôݣʲô
ʦû˵ֻΪŹ
оһ󣬲ûкѰ˵ʲôʦֻ˻֣ʹ󲽳ԶȥҪʽ
Сʦܣһܹʤɶ㣡
ԱߵغȻڣЦ
Ҳ޲ͷ
Ѱסһ㵡
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Ϊ
һģ׷ݵϹڵ۵սĻ֮
ʮУɽΪԽв»ҰƮ¸ء
ֹɽű٣Щ
ʮ̽Ѱδ֪֮أǱݷֻΪһϴǰܣѩޡ
ʮľţȥһ
Ѱһ
Уû֪ѰǷɽˣټδ֤ΪۣҲѽЩжҰ
һģѰлһԷɽ֮Ĵ֮ʵѾȻչ
֮꣬Ļ΢Ȼ֣ΪѰݻն;һڵ۾Ѱоյؽǿչŵ
꣬Ѱ˽紬ǰ磬زؽ綢ϣŮװľ֣Ϊڰеɱ
꣬Ѱǿգǰķҡϣ֣ɱɿ棬Ϊɨϰ
Ѱڵִ磬ڽ֮΢һγ֣֮йءرϢ
Ȼ۵ȣ۵ʢᡭ
ֱɽûرɽУѰѾڰ﷽ɽһлʤĻᣡ
ץסᣬŽʮĴʦֺɱһٽܣ
ѰھУЩܲ
֮ǰЩжѰΪնЩɽˣһġ
ʵⱾҪġ
ԣزŻѰɽ֮ǰ͸ɲصı¶ݣ
ǲ֣
һʮ꣬ѰȥһΪ壬еһġ
ԣʱѰ·ǸصĿͣʵǴ˴ζܹʤĹؼڣ
˽ЩѰһ㱡
ЩǿչŵϵжףһУԼݵһɫ
ҲЩΪЩʦ֡ʦڼԼʱܻ˵һ仰
Ժͻ׵ġ
ǵģˣ
ʦܣ֮ǰûиЩǵĳ©ﲻܹǱǡ
һľګ棬˿ȴ̲סһˣɫһĨǸ⡣
ء΢ǶĿ⿴Ѱ
һģջʤʼȴѰ͸¶̫ĻҲûоͬ⣬ҲЩġ
Ѱһε֮ǰһֱоԼ̫ûãǷɽˣȴʲôæоһЩô˶Ļ᲻
˵ţоƺ«ݸ棺ʦ֣ò˼Ͱоƺˡ
Цкѣ
˵ţͷ
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Ѱ֪ԭǾʦļӣ
ֲãڹ֮λ꺣ϵһμʱͽԼ
ҲֲãЩǰκͰԼ
һ뵽⣬̲סʵʦ㣬
˻һʱһЦ
ƣǵСʦܶˡ
Цеģÿƹ֣˿һЦЦݷ·Ƭض
Ƭ̺غȻʦܣǾҪ뿪ǰǿձ˰ǷҪһ𣿡
˵ĿҲѰ
𱻻ܣûɢôʱ뿪һ𡱳ʱ߲ˡ
ܸߡ
ѰشԶںʹʦ̸ֽĽ꣬Ѿ
ΪΣ
ü
˿ȥǿձ˰Ͷ
źϼ˾Ҳӡ
ݷ׵۹Ļ᲻Ѱ
Ѱһɫ𲻶
Ͷ
һ¡
ܾǰĸ૑Ϊܿһ׷ɱھ˾սۺ¹ı£ǿձ˰ǿն
һ׷ɱֱڳţĸĸ¹겻ǰʧ١
˵Ĳ
ʦҲˣһȼյĶս棬վߣȴܿò
ǶСʦõıԺӵǰǿձ˰ʱԼǰ
ʦֵͳƺҲ֪һЩʲô
Ƕס
ƾǵҲ޷סСʦܵȫ
̲סʡ
ŵǿձ˰ֹڽıԴһδ֪磬ƲⲻѰСѵҲǿձ˰еĳǣֻҪǿձ˰ͻֻλûǲҪô
Աߵϼ˾˵ͷ
ͶŽʶ૑Ҳ¹Ѱһ˽⣬һѰǰǿձ˰עǻǸ
һ̣Ѱɫ粻
źϼ˾Ļɲţȴɻ
Լ


2042 ˽Գҷ
СʦܣֻҪһ仰ǱһߣǷɽӴ񣬿ɴӲʲôֻȥǿձ˰Ҳˡ
ɫ档
΢ѩµҲԽĿ⿴Ѱ
ʦ㣬Ҿ
һѰϡ
ʲôͶʲôǻǸͬں
ȴòһ£ĸ¹Ƕţһǿչŵϣ
ԼˣĻܼǣ
źϼ˾˿֮ǰǿЩѰЩɽ뿪̫ðˡ
ۼѰ̬ȼᶨǶٶȰ
ɣÿʦһ֮һԺʲôգҲᱻ۸ˡ
΢顣
һУЩж˲֪ϹŶЩˣЩ˿϶ȥѰ
á
ǽԴӦ
ɡ
˾ٲס
ͬһʱ䣬ʦֺͽ뿪ڣֹ
ұУһζ״ҹСʦܾ۾Զ֤ʱı֮ľϲκһ˿֮Уؽǰ
ʦͳࡣ
ƽ͵ĥ;޶֮ȡ
ܲСʦһǿչŵϴƴɣ
ɲһˡ
Ī
治õѣôҼСʦܲˣ
Ȼ
ѰѾˣЦŶص˵ʦʦ㣬ΪҺãǾʦֵİɡ
ȻһˣͨؾУػأ
Ǽˣֻա
һǾһ˵ľٶ
ʦܣ֤۾֮ǰʦҲûʲôܰģʦֺķѱѪ׫дġȻȥ
ѩʦֽһöݸѰ
ʦܣһЩĵᣬԴ⡿Ժá
ʦֽһöݸѰ
ʦܣҵġ
ʦܣһҡ¡
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ÿһĪߵڻŲͬĴأóһõ۾ۺ촹ѣ
֪ЩɽˣԶǵ۾ɱȣ涼һһǿͿ¡
µĵһеӡѰɱȣ
ڣЩȫѰλСʦܣ
һĻöźϼ˾һۻңжòпΪɽġСʦܡһĽ顣
ʦܣ̰ãЩԣĪҪ˶ӰС
涣
Ѱͷӿů⡣
ʱ޶࣬ȥһˡ
ڴʱʦֺȻ뿪ƿնȥ
һȥλ¹ˡ
΢п
ʱ򣬾ʲôߵԶ̧һУ׵ۼһԪֶ
һĻһпĻ᲻֪ˣ
Ҳȥһˡ
΢ǸӡС򡱡
һû˶ϡ
һ¯ҩûա
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һһɽ˴ҴҶȥܿ죬оֻʣءѩµˡ
Զꡢšϼ˾ڽ̸
ԶϳطӣȻȥ
һѾĻ
ǶһӰ죬Ÿոտʼ
ʱѰʶһѾҪˡ

һƬҝưܡϢĺڰ硣
䣡
ض̳
һޱȵɱѾ˶졣
ս˫һǴźۣñڰգӰ޳ݵŮһλðǻԵİ׹սì
Ķ֣һͷɱǿޣɽСűƬͫ㣬ɺѪɢ塢Ϣ
ৣ
ŮӰ͵һԾ֫šתѾõһ˲ȫעսìϣݺݴ̳
ò˼飬Ҳ˼ز
ۣ
׹սìһ⣬ǿ޵ĲᴩһɫȳѪҺ
ǿ޷ʹ˻Ҳ
գӴɽȻ£̳
ĿһĻŮ޳Ϣش׹䣬һڵء
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ȴκһֱĬţĴǣ͸ŵľһ־ǿ
˵һս죬Ͳ˵һ仰һ֡
Щããؼ䣬һˣһìսɱѪ㡣
֪գ಻֪в
գš
ţͲֹͣս
ֻǡ
һЩ֧ŲסˣڵϣǵѪֹס
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ŰĿ紵أɳ
𵴣һӴľӰӺڰ֣֮ѹգƬ硣
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䣡
ǿ̤ɽӣͫǱϢ
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̫ˡ
ЩڵľˣҲµһ˲һ𱬷Űʹݻ
Ѱ
ޱȵһ̣սӲ˵һ֣Ĭûи鲨ŮẰһ֡
Ѱ֣ȴƺĹе
Ůƴһ˿߬еսì
ڴʱһ
һѣȴƽصǿһܵһǰδеĿ־塣
һ̣ͼһӰƾո֣֯Ź꣬ƻãģҲԵģֻܿ˼;Σһͳɽ塣
һؼ䣬ǳзڡӳֳһĻĻĺ
ֺûǱŵ巢һǿޣֱŮǰ
ܵˣܻš
ĿŮϣӰҲ¶ݣ֪֮¡
ɻͷһμ˵£ܻģ
С
ŮµѳѷĴ˺;˽ûһõĵط
ڣอ硢ѨϡǡżصƣľѿҪ;ƿݣ
ƣ޵ߣ֪ٴΡ
ֵܹڣֱһ漣
Ŀ⿴Ů߬սìʱӰһĬѵȵزҪս
̾˿ŤͷԶǿһۡ
һۡ
ƿֲƬضǿޣ˲ͱٻΪһƬҽƮ
ǰ˽磬ΪԵˡ
˼ʱָᰴŮüĴһͶӨ֮ӿŮڡ
һ˲Ůָһ˿Ҫȴذסţɾûˡ
Ů˭
΢΢һЦҽгٿգ˽Գҡɡ


2043 ˴ļ
ٿգ
ѰڴˣһϳӰɰӣ
꣬ϸһ֮򡰷ɽ硱УλԳƷɳٿյӡ
ʱһϿȵĹڣͨٿգϸ֪ٿߵġһ񽫡֮һ
ҲϸһԵ
Ѱǵãٿ˵һ仰
սۣȻսǲһģĵ;ҲעһҵǺڴ̤һ;
ʱѰĻشǣҵҼһֻҲ죬˵ƵĻ
ٿ˵ֻû˵߹Žδ֮;踶Ĵۣ
Ѱֻ˵ԵãտҲĶãһζִԣ³ɡ
ʵһԻѽʾٿղֹϵսۣϵýꡣ
ϧǣѰĻ϶ȥһʳٿգйս۵Ϣ
Ůԣɳٿգû¾Ҳ̫⡣
Ϊ磬ֻѰһˡ
ŮȻ
һͶԴԴϵӿڣĬ
һʱЩƣٿ΢΢һЦ⡣
üͷӿһĨɡ
ǰŮڣأԣ׽Щ޸
ڣȴŮ˺ȴӯһɼɬ
صɲһǱڣԴεؼ
ǺεǱһ˵ԴζţŮ޵ˣͱı䣿
⡭ѵǴ֮
ٿնԾе⡣
֮غͻɬܹش֮أܹʹ޵һδɱ䡣
ıʣֱˡ
νƶӶŵһ;
ֻǣֻ֮ǶԷӶԡ
޵У֮Ϊɬصģ޵ľϵɱͻƣʵϣɱ
Ϊɱ䣬Ҳ޵ߵ˱Ҫƶ޵ߵǵǺѰ쵽顣
֮йı仯Կɳˡ֮
޵У˴ʱһԿؼΪغͲĥϴ
ݳٿ֪Ψɾ͵֮ǿһ˿Ƥëֶΰˣ̸ȥ˴
ڣǰŮڣȴصԴУ̫˼ˣ
Īһλܹƿ˷ĴܣΪŮ
һ뵽⣬ٿٿĿ⣬ȫòһˣһĨ⡣
˴ǽǰ϶֪һЩʲôҾͲԲ̽ˡ
գٿֹס˲̽һ뷨
ʵϣǣһ˵ˣٿҲҶ򣬱ػԤ֪ı
ԭˡ
ܿ죬ٿ·֡
˿̵˴;ƿݵıԵڳٿע£Դеڴ˿ȴʳһƵӿĲͬС
ǡޱȵƣһ̾ܵϢػָ
ǱٸɺԵ󣬶һ֡աơ
һʱ䡣
ڳٿյĹע£ǰ⸺˴Ůǲ˷츲صı仯
ֹƻָˣ˸õһȫµɱ£ӿĪ
Ȼܵˣһ޵䣬ȴڼһ֮ɱ䣬ΪǼԴе
ֲһˣһսìݽߵĴսա
ԣһһȡ֮֮ߵı⣬ܹ֮ɱ䡣
һ̣ٿˣҲһĨ̾⣬˵
ǰ棬ǰ翣޷ĥ
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ǰֻ˵֡
лˡ
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ٿȴգȻһ˶ǰУкȻӿһĪϧ
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ǲǺ˼
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ΪҼʶʶ˵˵ʵǰɲûܹƿ˷ˡ
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ٿոпɽλʦ֡һλ˲õĴڣǰҶǿչŵϣ
߰ɡ

żܸ˵˵ŮΪִҪڴֹս𣿡
ٿĿ⿴Զź档
룬㲻˵أڰеġֻ֮Դֱĩءɼ֪ڴ˵صġֻʵǿձ˰
ٿշ·һˣͷԭˣֲҼһЩƬġǿޡ
ڴս赲Щǿ޽٣ֻΪôЩǿ޽ٺ󣬾ͻȥɱһԼҪˡ
ٿüѰ
˵ͷ
ٿжһдС֪Щ𣿡
ʣǺڰյġĩء棬㣬Ҳֻյ˺Ѵ˽С
˽ֹֻսֹ˰һУһڴ˶ɹ
ٿ㲻æ
ҡͷ廹ϵˣȻԽߣŲţ
ЩֻɱΣٿյ
̾ܵģЩֻͽһԴͷǿձ˰
߰ɡ
תȥ
ңңһȻؼӰٿҲһ̾תȥ
ҝؼ䡣
һţñգĬһǰ
ڽꡢٿ½뿪΢΢һ٣һ峺ĺʵ񷡣
Уһૣ̸ء㻹šǡұˡ
һĨ޵ЦǷ
ЩһЦ



2044 ڵ۳֮
ǺϿī֭ĺڰ֮ɫ𱻻ܣʼ糱ˮɢ
ĩհѹģֵĻϢҲ֮һɢ
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֪ٵĻȻںʮݲͬ£Ϊңнٺ֮С
ˣ𱻷ɽһ˶սۻɱĽʹʧȥƿߣ
ζţһģɽӮˣ
ܣǿ췣ϴڰ
ƵͥǬͥĵͥͥȵȻУҲʱ䶯Ȼ󲨡
֪پŵ
𱻻ɱ
ʷǿչŵΪ䶯һ£Ӱµı֣
һУɽչֳĿֲҲЩȻһĺѡ
ɱ۾ոݽ棬ɱ׼ɱߡ򡱻Ҳ䡣
̫ˣ
˶ţ
֪̫ǿչŵιģƴ󣬲Ĵѡ
һ̫ʱʮսһϹʱڵ۵սÿһδսУӰڡ
һӰڱǿ죬ûκκǿֺܹ
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ڵ۾ϹŶԣǿչŵУڵ;ͻƸߵĲΣǲܵ顣
Ψеִǿձ˰Ǹһ¥
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һЩȺȻ֣Բš˵ϹŶϲ߳չ֮أҴһ䡰ȥҲŲƸ߿նȥ
һЩŴɵġ԰֮أбƹ׶Ц̤Ż˲֪ͽͽ
ȻЩˡʵȥ
֮յǿչŵȫֺͺ䶯ݣ֪ٵĵ桢۳У꣬಻֪жٵ鱻һĻŵĿࡣ
һ죬ںʷУڵ۳֮ա

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ǵΪ磬ȻҲע⵽˷µġ춯Ц
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΢ֻҪǲǬġЩͥһȥ䵱ūͣѾˡ
һ仰˶Ц
мһЩĸ૑Լ¹йص顣
һ࣬šϼ˾ѰеߣŽһݸѰ
㲻Ҫ̫ϣ¹Ϊĸףڲص飬ֻҶ˵һЩš
뿪ٿɡ
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룬˵ǾǰСԺѰǰǿձ˰һȥл
Ļ᲻֪һУλħð˴ΣգȻȻѡԼСùû
һѰԺҪԼŮоһǣΨԼĹŮСӻˡ
ã԰οǣѰԺҪŮ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
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ء΢ѩ¡桢㡢µһڷɽˣ˹һһѰ
ȥҲ֪´ǺʱѰҲӿһ˿ȻɶȻУЦŸλʦʦ㻥ء
ǽ뿪ʱҪҽġ
ʦҲߣѰȴ޷ݣֻܸܵһͶսϢ
ʦֽһżݸѰ򣬵ս֮޲ͻƣСʦԼĴڴгһգܹǴһ𲢼ս
ѰȻһɺ飬ʦֺ͸λʦʦĿԴǣ
ʦֵ˵ͷתֵˡ
СʦѲСӣ˴Ҳ֮Ȼ˵ǧԵý顣
һ㣬ѰȻҲס
ֻǣһʱѰɽסЩᣬҲЩȻ
òײźλʦʦۣҪҴҶƺ޳
ಣ
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ҡ׵ۼҲУҲͷɽһǰǿձ˰
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ģվЩġ
ȻʦʵȪˮ㣬Ѱĺ
СʦܣǵҸ˵ĶʦҶԶʦֵ˽⣬϶뿪޷飬ǰڰһ⣬ȥѰңԻĳ֡


2045 ߵĽڴ
ʦ֣
Ѱһ˼
ʦһ˼˵ĿǰΪֹһֱ¶Ķʦ֣ںڰУ
ʦǺε
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ڵ۹سǣǧ𽣻һѩ񽣡Ѱתѩʦ֡
ڸղʱѰѽ˽ѩʦ֣߼˽ʱ΢΢һȻʧЦһС£壬ҵǡ
ѰʱҲЦˡ
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ٿһӦҲȻҿЩûߵģҲ뿪ˡ
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Уһһ֣˽ڴ۵ж
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ৣ
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ŭɢȼ淨ԼɼһͷӰƬǿڱΣƿֲ
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һʱ䣬ڴɫ粻ƵòѪòײŰֻ뿪˭룬Ÿմ뿪ͳʦ

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ڴ۳Ĭĸľʹ˵ͷ
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ĺְһƣǰֱðǡ
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Ĺ֮ӿ֣һɽڴѹ¡
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ģɱŻսһˣϽڣ֮ԿΪ֮
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֮ǰƹض̤ϸ֮·Ľڴۣʦûü뿪أֱӱѹ
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㡭
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˭
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ͬʱڴǿյһ·ϣЦЦһꡭˡ
Աߵĳٿյ㻹̲סˡ
ܾǰڷɽʮ꣬ڴ֮ϳ׶򣬷֮˵ҵߣҶԣ֮һݶ飬󡣹ףңв
п

ù͵Ķ飿
ٿʣ˵֮жߣ
иߡ
˵ţٴǰС
ٿһһ˿𺳡
Уѽ֮һּԶĴڣǱĻҪԶָǺεȾ磿
ͬʱѱϾµǿչŵ˰һƵľ޴ǰ
һ𣬻ļž
ǿǱߡˣ



2046 ˰ƿؽɵļ
ƣʥܾ֮أ޴ޱȣһǺڹת
ǰƬ޴㳡ϣһͭ׭̷ܵĵƣԼһƽضϡ
еģһͷȸޱȡ
һֱڴУش˵ء
ڽգͭϣһƽɢʧȥɶ
ֻ֤ǿյһˣƹܽλڣˣ
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һ𣬰һɸߵӰƾո֡
һģӣԨɫ𪣬ϻһĴ⡣
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ৣ
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˲䣬ͫҲһ¶ɫǵȵͶûĵطܻƿġ桯
뵽⣬һԶһС
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ѳѵ澳룬ӵ͡
ⲻܣǿչŵϣյɱһиҴɵˣԾĵУɱ֮ϵҲǲܵ顣
ˣھǰǿչŵ֮ǰƬпӿֳ˲ٲھĿֲɫ
ԣҲǵãһųơ̫ۡļһǿò˼飬Ÿյִⷽ磬չ¶˾֮
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ͬʱҲȥƬͶû䡱֮ص硣
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ֱؿһɽૣС㣬ǿչŵϣһҪСġǧҪץ

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Уߵףӵ˸죬Х֮
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ͬйؽʧȥƿأͨǿձ˰ĵ·ֵϢҲ֮УȻ󲨡
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ǣڶ۾͵澳ϹŶ׷뿪ǰǿձ˰ǿչŵϣʧȥ˼ɵ
⣬ڲͬͬǿУζĻᣡ
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˽Źעţڴţڰгﱸš
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Ψ̫µľƣɳ̫δ֪ı
һ𱻻ˣһʱǿչŵֻʲôӣ


2047 ࣡
º
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һ¥УٴλãѰһ¡
źϼ˾뿪ʱһöмһЩѰĸ૑¹йص顣
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ڵ֪𰸺ѰȻһ
ҿ϶źϼ˾δ˵ѣΪ£ҲΨнвλֲޱȵ
ͬһɻѰΪĺ
ֻչڵһ׼ۣĿʸȥý
ôΪνή½磿
źϼ˾ǵƶϡ
Ϊץǿձ˰ӵ˽૑
׼۰᪣ĻԪףʵҲֻǷ£Ϊֻһܹƿغý
Ǿ
ƶϣҲѰ
ʶԼʱͼѱˣĸʧ٣ܾͺйأ
һ룬ıԴǿձ˰ĸ૑Ҳںܾ֮ǰǿձ˰ߡ
ĸ૑ˣꡣ
һɽҲͬ꣡
ϣɺϵ飿
У϶й
ѰƲ⡣
ּѪãڵԴӤѰ¹´ߣǱ˲Ϊ֪ĿɽС
նźϼ˾˵һɽ¹޽ضɲĵƽ
ʮǱٵˡ
ֵģǵ׷ɱ૑¹µһǿߡ
ˣѰ㽫һһ˳
ɵó࣬ȴеޱľͬҲɻӿͷ
磬ĸ૑¹ӵǿչŵϺΪβȥطƫƫ׵۹ڵС磿
Ѱ֪С粢򵥣ꡢٴۡԼֲ飬ݷڴ˽ġ߱Ѫս
ͬĴġ桱Ҳλڴ˽λ꺣
ǰʱ򣬷ɽͳ֮̾أܾڹڣ
ƿ֮ͨţ֮ͨͨһ־ѰܾǰͨҲ棡
ͨ죬૑һ棡
һϵ֧ѰһƲ⣺
ĸ૑¹ǰ½磬ȻֻΪ˶׷ɱΪ˽棡
Ϊ֮ͨͨ죬ųս죬һܣڽȴһˡ
һԷ֮
ܹͨĴڣ૑¹¶ԣȻһλ˲õ
Ѱҷ֮ǰ½ԭ
ȻֻѰԼƲ⡣
Σֻĸ૑¹֪
¹϶ţǲ֪
ѰΪԼһƣһ
Ըĸеİ̸ʲô飬Ϊ¹С󣬷Ƕ¹һЩ
ⲻܹѰѪԳڣ֪ĸʲôģܻ̫Ũصĸ飿
еһź
ΪŮ˭ĸڣ
һ¥ĿԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽֺˡ
ʳͣྩе޵ߣһģǷڰǰһġ
һĺ䶯£ڰºӰɲŸĻھˡ
񣬲ֹǺɴ磬ǿУۺͷһ䶯ޱȵĴ¼
ͥʮսܵش۷ɽһĴˡ
Ҳͨǿձ˰顣
ЩѰǾ˵Ĳߣùע
ֽһƣѰ˽µһżĻ
ڰ磬ڵ塣
һ仰Ī
ѰȴƷƳ˲ͬζ
壬ʺ΢˭һ仰廹ϵˡ
ɹؼǣѰ֪ԼʲôʱˡϵˡϵĶ󣬻ںڰ硣
ԤԽݣǰǿձ˰֮ǰΨһ仰϶ͬѰ
˭ҪԼȥڰ磬Ϊ壿
Ѱ˼ãչڡ˵زؽ磬Ҳʦ뿪ʱ˵ʦ־ͼںڰ硣
ȥҲ벻һͷ
лᣬȥһҲ޷
Ѱ
ڳҡǿգǰɴʱѰı
磬ʦֵһöҶӽȸ
磬ҵڲӣ̽ʦ΢Ϣ
Щѱɡ
һ£һֱѰУǾǰһ⡣
꣬ڴʱѰ̹йءŻսˡ͡һ硱顣
ԣҪѰһ磬Ϊ˴̽Żս˵ǰɴ磬ȥѰڣԴˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ŻΪص󣬾ͺ͡ڡһУ
Ҫ֪ںʱһĺ᰽죬ڴǰŻΪԾѣǰһμӡɻᡱ


2048 ɱ
Ҳ֪һ
Ѱ㱣һƣȴʳ֪ζ
ڹŻ庣ϣԾѸ氽졢һ뿪ǰһ磬μɻᡣ
Ͱϸ򡢰³һǰ
һʱ䣬ⶼѹȥʮˡ
ұпͣؼ䣬ʱ𣬺겻֪ꡭ
Ѱһϡ
ȥһ⣡
¥кȻһȻͼһҡͷԣ̾
УֻЩ۾ĵǰǿձ˰飬ЩЩˡ̫ңԶˡ
˵һУһȫܱԵˣȴ´˺ˣ
˵⣬˺棺˭
ӵ˭ɽѰ
Ѱ
һʳʱһ¶ɫԭһ
ʮǰǿչŵϣ֪֡
֮Ļּһҹ֮䣬쳹ǿգ
죬棬ɱȺ۰ˣѪɺӣ˿ɵնһɵ۳컯
ŵ˵еѪսѰһӴǿչŵ
֮ͥʮսȻͨǿյһͨ
ǿ£ڷѰټ
ʮȥȴ˼¶ټ¼Ҳس
Źɽ֮нһĻط֣Ѱ֮򵥣
Խһݣ۵һĳɼһƥ뵽ٰͥ۵ʢᡣ
ؾУһѹȺõһ
ֱɽһˣڲɽư֮ǰսȺۣһ·ȷѪ꣡
ʸũѡ籱顢ϡ࡭
һľţһǿԱɱ
ȻưʥһģҲ䣬Ϊ֮̾
һϵеսֱһԾ£˸Ž漣
漣ģǻΪһķɽѰ
ıʥ޵УѰȴһѪս棬ڴ˾УʲôŽ޿ƥУ
ϧǣɽ֮Ļһľݣڵ䣬Ѫ𱻻ͨǿձ˰֮·֡
һơ족Ĵ¼һڸѰڹɽеı֡
ǿչŵϣԾࡣ
ӹɣֻҪ֣Ǿעй紫¼
ò˵ѰȷʵǿĲУĺˣԺУҲҲ֮ȼġ
ͽǰ޹ˣߣ
¥Уһ̾Щʳͣྩڵ޵ߣһЩ
ʱݾǿ޵ʱ޲һԽͽ
ѰʱȴһֻǣΪ֮̾벻ҲУ
һŮ¶֮ɫ૵лᣬʶһ´˵ķɡ
ʱ˺Цʡʡɣҿ˵Ѻɽһǰǿձ˰ǿչŵϣԺټˡ
ǿɲá
Ȼһ͵𣬿ڵһѰһĺꡣ
оƱ֪Ӳδ뿪磬䲻Ϊѡ£ò˶ãͽٲ֮أ
һϯ¥նž˲١
ʵѣϢ棿
̲סʡ
ȻǵŰɣò˶ãͨͲɱӵϢͻᴫǿչŵ
˽ԲĿɫ졣
˾ɳ񣬷ɽʤϻ˵ҶѰɣ
ɣ¶֮ɫЩɽѾ뿪ˣǿչŵϣ˭ܱѰ

ŵӺζĳƺһֱԹ۵Ѱ΢΢һУδʲô
ྩǣһģ嫵ľ޳ǣ˳֮⣬ġĵͥ
Ѱö֮ڴ˵ƣҲΪõǡľ塱屻ʶݡ
Ƕ֣϶һЩͲҪ鷳˵׼ͻᱻ˶ϡ
棬ѰҪֻˡ
˷һ룬ǹɽУɱ˶ٹϴĴˣ˵Ǭġͥ;ԲŹ
⣬һУЩɽµĴۺ͵ɲЩɶԲͬĿֲˣ϶ҲҪѰͷϡ
һ˵ǿչŵ£Ǹݲ´ˣӵڰ磬Ҳᱻչڡزؽϣ
⣬¥һֻһȺͣɽ˽ЩѪȶѻĳޣǸеսľ
֪Ѱǿչŵϣٵɱ١Ǻεֲ֮
ϣݲѰǾ̫ʧˡ
һλŮ¶ŭ֮ɫ򲻹ɽͽйѰһϣ⡭䱯
˶¶ΪȻ֮ɫ
Թ˲пᣬǿʳˡ
ǺߵŮǰɫ䵭һĨư;ζ
Ѱֵ壬һ˫մѪȣʮĿͽҪɱԸµģΪᣬȰԺ˵СһЩҪΪǷɽһġ
Ůɫһ䣬粻
긺ڱת¥ȥ
ˡ
Ѱ׳һҲ˳ȥ
ϯУһ֪ˣղǺĵͥĴˣ棡
ԭ̫ŵϺᣬֲÿ֮䡣
˵Ѱû뿪
ȵȰɣ϶Ϣġ

⡣
ççɽתϼ⣬ۻ롣
ݣɽͣľ󵽴ɼҲеƬǺεȲ
ʵϣһݾѣȴͥʮս塢Լ̫ŵ̾УⱾͷͬѰ
ҲΪΣᱻǿչŵһ磬λںеݣᱻġԭ
ڵڴ˲𣬵ڴӣ仰˵˵ǰ򵥡
ŲգããȺɽԶɶݣӹһƬϿʱȻ㣬üҼ¶һĨɱ
ѣӾ¥һ·׷浱ĳû
ŤͷĿ⿴һգ¶һĨ֮ɫǱٵֶΣδҲֱ̫ɲ˲һ㾯ͷ

һ󷭹ѰӰֶϢȻ޻
ĲмѰЦ
Լһ·϶Ǳ٣ٷֲԼǼֱˡ
ԵúܲͷһĻᣬʵĳĿģ˭ģҲ⣬֮أ


2049 Ӵ˹ ۾
ྩ֮أǺĵ֮ͥ̾ء
Ϊĵͥˣ̫ŵϺᣬȻǵ۾ˣҲ̫ɵ
£ĸ۾ںĵͥԸĵͥˣ
ֱ
οǰһһ·׷ٵֶǰֱɲ桭᲻κں˼
ϧǣһ¡
ѾˣһУܴصĴУкĵͥ˲֪ٵ͵۾
̫ŵϣҲء
Ȼձ󣬶һ޵߶ԣۺĵ̫ͥŵϣǿĲ
ȻѰڴС
ԣεɱѰĻӦܼ򵥣ָ̽һץ
һ̣ϰ㱻߬סµĹ˲˲֪ٸ˲ɢ
һ£ž͸ܵޱߵľʹ;֣ҪУȴһ˿
ٿѰʱĿѳ־塣
ɽˣҲڮٺģ
ѰȻڡ
һ仰׻ͫţ͵ʶǰ˭ˡ
Ѱÿڡ
ͼʧȥĿľҽ١
ľ츳ƿؿ
һ̣ѰƮȻȥ
ʱ
һ˺նһţĿڳ̽Ѱץһѻҳ
ӡѻɢˡ
ɫ࣬зɱ
ûãŵӰྩǣֹһ¥С
ֶΣûþʹ̽һЩмֵϢ
磬ڴ˵ЩԼԷɽ˺εڮ١
磬ò˶ãɽѰͻܵǰδеɱ١
磬뿪ʱһ˸ȥ
һϵеð˲һ󵨵ƶϣ
ɱģܾѰ
֪ྩڵĽ򣬱Ǻĵͥ鲼ķΧ£˭ıӵڴɱĵͥˣ
һⷽɽ
˸֪ȥ׷С飬㵹ˣǲ֪ûЩɽ˵ıӻСܱQʱ
һ졣
ĵͥŭƽ´
ȫѲɽѰɱۣ
ţĵͥһŭԶޣǽеĸ׷չж
֮ǿ߳糱ˮ̽ںĵͥµĸȺҲ
һ죬ݾڣһȻ󲨡
Ϊ֮ͥһĵͥ£ȻһԪˣӵе
ʶźĵͥչһѰɱжҲĿ֪ǿ߳Ծ
һвδ
ڽʱУǬͥͥħͥս塢ˮս塢ս塭
һȻǿչŵͨɽѰ
ңΪ˼ͣǵ֮أκε۾ﶼۺʹѣ
һʱ䣬ݷƱãǺĽУֲڶÿһǳУѰͨ
ɱֱ֮͸񷣡
Ѱ޴ΪҪѡһһ¡Ҫ갡
֪޵߻ȻΪ֮ľ
ʶԭⷽɽѰǿչŵϣûѡǰǿձ˰
ЩɽɱȻҵйŭĿ꣬ӽԺѰѳɹ˺򡣡
˷ܡ
ߣɽЩ˻ڣĸͳԺġǬЩĵ̣һѰһˣֱײҪˣ
˿ߣҲֻ̣ܰš
ף£ͥʮսǿģ
ѰѺͬǾ׼ۣ£мˣ
ֻе۾֣ܽѹɹؼǣѰɵĵűѹ

ԷɽЩ˵ҪĸܵסǵɱǶ뿪ˣֱ֣ɥĲ񡣡
֪Ϣʱĳ̾һ
УȻԼڵͥһ˵ʧ
ıչأٲƣ֤ʱͻ᳹뿪

ƽ̣£ܹѰӻģֻƵͥˡ
Ƶͥױҵƽ̫
֪ѰͨϢһ˵ķŭ
ȷѰĶ֣µ̫ɣ̫޳ܣȫû˵ߣ
Ƶͥȥӣ
̫ü
ױͷ
ױ֪ǬġЩΪλ˲һеضԸѰӣ
̫ܼ򵥣ţһЩеĴ̣ʳѰ
ֻһ׼ۡ
ױ̲ס
̫ҡͷˣֹǾ׼ǰ򵥣Ƿɽˣһʥ޵Уӵп̵ֲɳʱ䡭Ժ˵׼Ϊڶսۣ
⣬ҲЩΪǵġ
ױһȻս۶ǿܹѰԺҲӵǵȷЩжԷɽʳѰ
ױһĽƵͥΪûвУŵԱȫһΣͬϡ
̫͸ŲΥζ
ױѲµˣл̲סһʧ
ֿƹʵȫû̬ȿԵܹһֱάϵȥ
ױ̾˿

һ޴ĳǳ֮⡣
ѰڳǽϣɼͨвһЦ
Уܶ׷ɱÿһζòǱӴܣѪȺա
ĻЩ
ƵͥڻŮ۵һڵ۾Ƥ£ʶԼݣοڵѺһˣ
ѰǸеһ⣬Ϊڴ˳ǳس¥ϣһλĵ۾
ǵУ֪ܿλԺĵͥġսۡյִﲻãڴˣĿľΪѲɱѰ
ңֹǳУǳڣͬսۡĵ۾
ͬ֯һ޵͵Ȳ׽Ѱˡ
濴ĳ˰
Ѱипһûɣ̬ؽС
ŵһ˲һֲĵ۾־ɨܿʧ
ѰһȻģԹ߽ãã˺
¥УսɫƽƷ裬ûʶȫ׷ڸղѴƤö֮߹
ǳ룬һ͹Ѱִ󣬽һʲƵĵС
Ҫȥڣ̾ڡݡڣ֮Ÿݾ
ǿŲƷɶݣ¡
Ѱûʱ˷ڸ·ϣ͹·Ȼͳĵһѡ


2050 Ѫ
͹󣬾׺ÿһǳеһͨͬĴ͹֮䣬Խ໥͡
Ѱг̣ȥݣҪʮǳأòͬĴ͹󣬲˳ִ
Ѿʡʱѡ
Ҫģһʿ۵ĵ
ãѰȱ
ˡ
һɬĿռ䲨ɢѰӰʱʧڴ͹С
ÿ
һ𣬴͹ǰһƥӰ
һ꣬һյͭƣѪʺ죬ƻҡҷɢһĲ
ˣ
͹ڣȥ¥գĿѡ
˺£
ս۵Ӱƾո֣Ӱͷףɢһĵ۾ƣѹȵø޵߽ԺȻ˱ܡ

ǰڸոգѪƵ׽ѰѪһ⴫͹ˡ
Ļ¶ɥ֮ɫ
ǬͥҲϵԺĵͥսۣһӵıƣȴʲô
Ѫƣ
ս¶һĨɫ˵ƼֻҪռĿѪҺ䵱͵ȼôĿӵҲᱻ
ս۵ɫҲòÿˣ˵ղѰСӱƤˣ
û˵Ĭˡ
սɫ粻оεسһƣʱŷӦһġ
յеѪ
Ŀ⿴Ѫơ
ǰ²ⲻѪѰڹɽư֮ǰӸأѪȪɴѼһ֡
ɿǬͥԴӵ֪óݺǱٵֶΣν仯Ī⣬ƾһѲֶΣ¾ǵ۾ҲԽ
ѪƣͲһˡ
ս۵ͷһӼȻ贫͹뿪ѶҲȫжˣԷӴѡ
ΪȻ
ڵ죬ս۽Ϣȥһʱ͵õ˺ġǬȴϣǲ˷
Ҳڵ죬ֲݾڵÿһ˵󣬽Ա
˺ġǬȵͥԽ֮⣬޵߽ûлá
ǳ׷Ѱ͹뿪Ŀܣ
Ӻȸǡ
ѰǱĴ͹ʱһʱʶ˼Ѿ׷ԼֶΣ
ֻܸıˡ
Ѱеûʲôţ͹߲ͨǾֱӷɶŲƱǣ޷ǻһЩʱˡ
ಣ
䴩Ѱϣ޴
ǰõĹɽУΪͻƾ׼۾
Һ׼۲һڸ̤׼һʱĴͬʱں塢ֵ;İأ
Ҫ֪׼۵Ĵÿںһֵ;İأͻһ硣
˾ܿѰ˿ӵеĵǺεȲһ
Ⲣ˵ѰΪһԾͳ׼죬۳Ĵ̫ء
ҲõȫһͬڲͬΨһ֮·
׼ۣƿزȱȫĵ۾ҲΪλᱻ׼۵ԭڡ
Ѱȴ֣ԼƿصĴȻҲȱɼĵ۾޶
ѵΪԼ۵ġ̫صԵʣ
Ѱ˼⡣
׼۾ƿؼԺ۾ĴԵúܲ˼顣
Уûгֹ飡
лᣬһúú̽һ¡
Ѱ°ͣͷֳһ󵨵뷨
ܿ죬Ժʼ֮
ӵͥ¾صĵ̣ɹľ𡢺ˮ׽߷ӵвѷɫڱʶ͵У
ʱһˣɷӳ˵ս
ǣڲսʱҲԸԲĦɿѰе;Ͻʡľʱ䡣
֪ء΢뿪ʱһһѰõӵеĴУѿĿࡣ
һ˲򣬶֪ҪķѶٵʱ;
߷һͬʱȫͲһˡ
ʶѰԣ֮ͻΪڽ¾ɹ

ѰѲ²⵽˼ƿ׷ֶΣȴû뵽Է֮졣
뿪ӺȸǵһһƬ嫹ɳĮУںо޵Ѱһѡ
߳գͼһƬѤõ貳ʢɢϢƬɳĮɳ
Ϊ׵ģһڲɷǵߣѩ׷ɢĵ۾Ϣѹȵذ
󣬻һ׼۾ǿߣһϢǿˡ
ڲԻݣݣ̸ϺԸһ׼ۣȫ´ˡ
Щһĵͦ졭
Ѱɫһ˿š
ܲ²Էǽ˴͹˿ʱ׷
ϣ㻹ӣ
Ϊ׵ϿڣʮԲгɱϢ
˵ʱÿ˵Ѱϣÿ˵ɫԺɱ
ԴˣѰƲһ䣬Ȼ֣˵׼ĳãΪһĹ
߲ü㣬ǹ¼ҹһʵڿ㻹ʲô˽
һԲ֪ˣ
ѰȻ
Խ򶨣Щˡ
һĲŸĻ˵Щɽ뿪ֻʣѰһˡ
˭ұ֤Щɽ뿪ʱûΪʲôɱﵣ
ȥС£Ϊ󡣡
߳´
Щ׼۾ǿ߽һЩɡ
ֲɵĻ᲻ǰѰѷɱȣһλľ׼ۣ
ΪЩһ׼ۣɹؼǣԷ̤㡰ۡ׼ۣ
ɫһôбڣǻĳʲô۶Ӳɣ
Ѱ˲ЦԼ壬һսǣαǰ
仰ҲЩ׼˵ģֻǿɲѰ㣬һλĵ۾ﲻ
Ѱһһţõףŭ
Ϊ۾죬ĸ˷ڮ٣
С飬ԴСȴűȻˣ㽫ˣ
˵ţ͵һеѩ׷

ӨײӲӵɢ۵壬˲ݺƳܲסȿֲơ
ⷽؼ䣬Ҳ֮붯С
ǵ۾һ춯أԾ壡
Щ׼Ȼ֮⣬ʲôʱǲܿ۾żһ׼ժ
Ѱںϣ˿
˿֮䣬ȴһķɽֶһն


2051 ӵ۾Ϊ
ɽ磬С
ɵնһһֶĴգâɡ
ǽһּµĿ񣬸˵ĸо赲ǰ
һ˵
ͼӯŵ۾꣬˲ѣһѱжϵĵݡ
ԶԶǧ֮ߣ۵һѪˣشȸ
ӰҡΣ׹䣬ɫѳȻ
һ֮׿˹
Щ׼Ҳһ壬ë
ͥšԪսۡʵĵ۾ڣӵŵ۾һعΪ
۶ԣ۾һعغܲϾһλĵ۾
£Ƶͨľ뢴ڡ
ڣԪս۱һˣ
һɽȻǽҶӡ
һصĽ飬ںܾǰ׵ۼ;һ֣ҲûܽӲɽϴߡ
֪Ҷӵսε֮׿
ߣ
ԪսۺԥѡӶݡ
ʶԼ֮ǰĲ²ûдЩɽ뿪ˣȴѰٱֶΡ
һ飬Ϳֲ޷
Ҷӡ
ѰտڣϬ㣬ҶѻһĨ⣬Ƴգȥ׷Ԫսۡ
ڣʣˡ
ѰĿ⿴Щ׼¶һĨЦݡ
̤׼Ѫս޷ڹɽʱɱ˾ϡܵˡ
Ӱ
Щ׼ͱŵԪս۶ˣﻹеӺѰӲ
һӣȫˣһʹ޲õȡ
ৣ
ѰŲգӰ˸⣬ÿһΣʹһ׼۵Ѫˮ̻֮
̶䣬λϱ׼۱ԷѰһ֮Уֽ㱻ɱˡ
Ѱ׼ȥ׷ʣ׼ʱ
ˣ
һ׿Ľ쳹ͼԶطĿޱȵĽһӵļԶ׼ۣĭ㣬ɢ
ͬʱҶӷء
Ѱ̲סϼһ
ɱˡ
ҶͳһĨ⣬ݷѰķ˿֮䣬׿֮ȥûκϢ
ѰЦ
ɱһλ۾󣬻˳ְԼ׼ۣҶӵսδҲ̫Щ
ѰһΣ۾ȡԷһ
ΪΣ
ҶӲ⡣
Ѱģһ´ȱ֣˵ȱһĥսİӣһ׼ۣѲҵĶ֣ϣ׼֮٣ǾֻѡһЩ۾ιˡ
⻰Ǿɣӵ۾ΪУ
ǿչŵ£ĸ׼۸ַӶᱻˣ
Ҷȴһ׵ӣԭˣ´γʱһ·ִ硣
ѰʱЦˣһ£Ҷӣǰǿձ˰Ļᣬϴͼǰһ뿪ΪȴӦ
һĻѰҶᵽ¡
ֻϤϢ
ҶӵҲֻԴһȥ
ѰƬ̣˵ͷ
һθУĪѰġ
ûе飬ѰݺۣǰС

ѰٶΧһȺǬͥǿ׷ϣӵһλ۾սۡ
սۺԸԪս۸Եһ׷Ѱֻ˵һ仰
ô
ĸ֣ǿ֮ˡ
䣬ս۵ĲҽоͿʼƬؼ䲻ڶǺƵġ
ȻǽҶӳˡ
գս۱ɱûۣѪ㱻ܡ
һǰһ׼ۣԱѰɱһգʼգκ谭⡣
ʵϣɱЩ׼ʱѰɱţ֮С
Щ׼۲ǿսԶԶЩ׼޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ʲô
һƬɽУսۻл㱴ӻʱͼѰѵȺǣĿģȼһĪĻ棬ƶʱޣһֿ
ûս߷ˡ
ʲôʱһ޼ɵĿˣ
һ̣ս۶һֻƻŮɫжħϵĴһڣë
ͼѰ˹ָս
սһ㶣ŭЦСһΪԼأͿԼˣ
ֱǲ֪
˻λԴĿ⾯ɨܣȻС̵ģ޷һ飬ֶڱɾʹشˣ
ֻսѣôϻ
Ѱ˵ţƾһչơ
䣡
תһ֯ҫۣһߣǿơ
һȭȻݣɽһŻ˲֪ɽޡ
ھ׼۵ļ
һʼ֣ѰûκαѼʶ۾ƵѰҲ޵߸۾Ŀ¡
¸أעϲһ
սۣأҲһʵĵ۾
Լ
ս¶һĨɫҲ׻ȥһӣ٣ϯ֮䣬ס
һ˲䣬ѰȭͱӰĵ˳ȥ
ϲսӿȼյһԴգ˵ľ񶼷ˡ

ǰ뷨ﵽ£ͷš
ǽûв֣ս۳׷ɣ˸ýѰ£䵱ʵĴ㡣
䣡
Ҳٱȫ֣ʮء
´˿̵أֻܷӳʢʱսǵȵ۾֮ɿƾ춯أֲޱߡ
ƬɽضɽعѣƲ飬ֲĻ籩㣬Űʮ
䣬ѰͱʮΣݺƵģԵúǱͲ
ÿһαٴγ𣬷£սǿ֮ơ
ûս۶еһ⣬üҪѰ£䵱ʣÿһζûԸ
Ѱչֳǵսеһľ
֪ĵ۾ƿصӵеĵУɱκ׼ۡ
ڣȴûκѰһŸ̤׼۾ˣûսβ
룬ǻ˲֪µУͲ˵ϻˣ
սҲѰ֧Ų̫á
¡
Ƭ̺󣬽Ѱٴλһ˲սץסᣬ͵һ̽ҪѰƵĻܡ
ɾڴʱ
˵һսֻشңǰһ󷢺ڣʶʱģ˹ȥ
ٻʱжһ˵ıߣõ۾Ȼƹˡ
ƹģȻǽҶӡ
ҶӿűñףǱ֮Ѱ̲סĵû°ɣ
Ѱһҡͷû¡
ҶʣǡҪӵ۾Ϊ𣿡
Ҫ
Ѱҧ׵˷ܵܲ˴ȥֹҵսɱ䣬ҶԵ۾˽һ
ҶŶһһŻȻӣԭϲڱŰսǸ̬ء
Ѱ


2052 ɽ
˶ԣݸ׷ɱκ˶ͱ
ɶѰԣ˵Ǳ׷ɱ˵ԹԵظ·
۾ϾգҲûıǰڵ˼
ͻսдɱ˸·;Ѱ޵ĿҵΪǴ
ҲΪ˸̵˽֪۾ƿص
ڶκѰ֣αҶƹԺ󣬻ս۲òߵؽһʵ
һλ˸ĵ۾Ϊһӡ
Ҫʱ򣬾ͻᱻһá
ҪʱֱӾͱζһߡ
߷񣬺üζ˶ϵͷ
̫ˣõ۾ΪһСֵĻӣԹĸ۾㣬ܹܴ裿
ûУ
鴫ȥ
һǵȺս۾һĳ嶯
գû˶ϣǲ룬ǲҡ
ܹ̤۾ˣһ˲֪ĥѺգ̤Ͼ޵޷Խĵ۾֮·
ԽˣԽľ˶ϣ
սۣŽԼͺǿľ߷Ҳֻһ롣
˺иһǰδеִһҪץסᣬǸĽƹ֮ǰǸѰܣ
ִûսѧ踺أѧнţˣ첻дñһѩǰ֮գ
ԴˣѰ⣬ֻǽԷĥİӶѡ
ҶҲ⣬һ۾һعصĽɫӡҲӲ
ս֪ѰҶӵ˼Ҳ֪Ƿн踺صִֱɱ¡
֮Ѱڸ·ȴܳʵ
ͥ񣬾һͻսдս
ŰսǱңȴС

Ҵʮȥ
һ·ϣ̫ƽ෴պɱ١
˾ƹ֮겻ɢܹʱڣͲ׽Ѱжټ
ȻһȺһȺǰ̰չΧɱж
ɶѰԣһȺһȺŵĵ۾Ҷȥ㶨
Щ׼Ѱˡ
ϧʼգûѰɿһսĶ֡
ʼԪսһ䣬ٵһʱи·Ⱥ۷׷ѣϢס
ˮģһؾʹȥЩ׷ѰĸϤ
Ԫսһˡ
սһҲˡ
ѿɽ⣬˷ᶼսһ˵ʬ
ս塮㽣ۡһѾʧ죬ûκϢѾѡ
Ϣ׷ɵѩϴ
ÿһƴĿģһʱ䣬֪ǿĺ಻֪жٵ۾
˴ΪɱѰǬġͥΪ׵Ĺϴʮսһ̫ŵһƺƴǿʢ֮
ͳƣǵ۾˽ʮλ
׷ǿߣҲ׼۾ΪĿӴݣǿչŵº޼ɡ
Ϊֻһ׼ۣҲƲʲôˡ
׷ɱʮȴƵƵۣ۾ﶼһһ䣡
ܲ
۾ϣ죬Ϲڵ۵սĻУŹ۾鷢
һ֮һ߸ϣֻĵ۾ȴǰһſ׹䡣
Ȿ붯µĴ䶯˭뵽Ļ󣬽ֻ׷һɽʱٴݵѪ飿
޷ܵǣɱЩ۾ģֻһӵо׼Ϊˣ
Щ͵ʶ˴ҪɱĿ꣬ȴޱȼ
ҪСģ߰һ飬ɱ۾֮£Ǵ˽֡
ܿ죬йؽҶӵڱ֪Щ۾Բ
һѣȴӵɱ֮
һ붼Ĳ
һǷɽЩǰΪıֶΣ
֧ԮҿΨе۾ع֮ϵĴУѹסǽ档
ǡЩ컯Ĵд඼̤ǰǿձ˰ĵ;ʣµЩУҪɽУĿ׶ܹ붯ģ
벻Ҳ룡ֳ˴󶯾ɱһС飬ǿչŵ£οǣ
Щ׷ɱѰĴԲߣϣ򱳺֧ԮɱѰߵĽ飡
飿
ͥһڰĵ¶ѨУһĿҫ۵콣ڰĶѨ
Աߣһūǣǽ鼫׿񣬵۾֮£Բ֣ӣֵС类ǡ
˵꣬ͱǿӴϣֻǽ飡
˵ţһ˲䣬һǧŵ񽣴Ӻڰչ¶âֲϢɢѹȵūһƨɶڵأҪϢ
߱ǽټ
ӳȥ
ǣ
ūӦ
һ죬ͥչǧصġɽۡӵ¶Ѩ߳ܽΪá
֪ϢЩ׷Ѱ޲˿ڴѡ
ɽۣһλ۾عصĿֲڣһ˵ǿƥӺգ
Ƶͥƽ̫֪ϢʱЦ
ɽ۵ȷһǿ֮ĽɫǱ֮뵽һе۾ԣҲǿ󲻵ȥԶԶ硣
˵ǷɽЩˣǼħҳ֣Ҳױ㽫ɽѹ
־͹֣ɽϻӳư
̫̾ϢĿ⿴ǿ
ͨǿձ˰ĵ;֣ʱǿչŵ£֪жݷѾõϹŶ뿪಻֪жٵ۾̤ǰ˰̡
ƵͥڣԭžλϹŶ򣬿ߵֻʣˣ
˶ԱȣУȻҲˣ
Щ澳Ĵڿƾϣ֣˭ļǿչŵϣ
̫Ҳȥǿձ˰ܡ
ΪƵͥƽ̡
̫Ȼ뿪ϼһкܶ࣬ͬҲвϼһ
ԭҲò²⣬ǿչŵġ족ˣ
ԺУ͸ֱؽϴƣͿĸץסˣ
ǰΪ˱ѩܣΪ˴ϵ컯ͻԵˡ
̫¶һĨζ֮ɫǼǸп
ɽǿһĻǿչŵΪ֮𺳡
Ѱ紫Уƿسɵ۳֮컯˭ܽ£˭ܻóĺô
һɱжôһԭڣ
򣬽ֻΪйŭ˭Ứô۾
̫һп۵ףЩмҲ޲ϵ˼
ףƵܹͥӴƾģһ㹻ǿ󣬶Թһеġ̬ȣ
̫ȴЩ
һԤУһ𡱳ʱǿչŵϣؽһ޷ԤĴ䣡


2053 ɱϮ
һƬϿϿա
䣡
սϢǬƲ㣬ӰУɱ
ϸǺȻѰͻսۡ
Ҷڹս
ѰѾܹĻսɱ൱ʱҶҲеԾ
ʮǰѰսŰܣƵƵܴ죬ǻս۵Ķ֡
ʮ֮ѾԺͻս۷ͥ
ֱƺˣ
ԭǸ̬
Ҷֹ
һ׼һؾˣȴܺһһ۾Կ̫˼顣
»ս۸ֻܷӳ۷ʱսѰܹһɺܾˣȥĻ»Ȼɡ
Ͼ۾ǵ޿Խ
ԹУҲͲֹ׼ȥ羳Ӳ۾ӣ
ɺȻѰڵй漣
ҽҶӿѰƿص׼۷覴ãȴӽĵ۾򣬲ĵгۺʮսĥҲ˲һ̥ǰı仯
ս۾һѴ󴸣ô֮£Ѱӵо׼ʵصõһĴ
ȻҶҲĥҲֻʺѰһˣ׼ۣͷϵˣĻ̸ʲôɱ䡣
䣡
ɱѰƵģõһز
˲䣬ս۾Ѱѹƣ
һĻֹ˽ҶӣҲûսӶԲˣš
һ׼۵֣Ѿ㹻߳ˣڻһ׼۴ѹֱκһλ۾
ʵϣһ̵Ļսȷʵ۾ˡ
һʱ䣬踺أнòΪܹץסᣬڱ֮ǰѰ£
ڵãεһ̻û٣Ѱѹˣ̣
ۼսƴҶӺԥ֡
һѱٷĻսֱûˣֱͦͦص£ɫд˱ߡ
ѰδҲǻսƴ¾ǸأҲԼֿܹ
˿Ѱת߽ۣһʱ俪ʼղսõĸ
ҶŻԵĻսĬĬϡ
Ѱܿ̿࣬ӵпսҲκһ˿͵ʱġ
ҶӶ塣
֮ɴߣΩг֮ţмͲ֮־

սʱһƬͿն
Ȼ֣ԼȻ踺أƺҲԴΪӵˡ
ڴʱսۺȻѰ
Ҷӣˡ
սһС˼ʣ϶ˣУ
ЦˣΪһЩٴȱֶΣñм㣿룡
ȴѰóһϡޱȵľҩݸҶӣȥ̷ôҲһλ۾أЩд˶Σֵ
սһͷ΢΢ЩСѵķ˲ɣ
óһ걦ҩȷֵ֮ˣ̷ܹһƿ϶ָܻ߰˰ˣ
ɻȻս۸ˣѰһ䣺ҪһӰָţָʢʱսɡ
˵ţ°ͣ¶һĵЦݣһֿԼдȥˡ
սԴһ¡
ԭԭСӸķ֣֮ҪΪԼˣȫΪ˼Լӣ
ףͷ㱬ѣûֱ£̫̫
졣Ҷ
ŲԸ
ս˻Ŀѣһ̣Ժ͵һʹǰһڣֻ˹ȥ
Ҷӽһ걦ҩһأӲ˵Ը϶͵ǿͲ
Ѱ
оԴһλ۾ƺЩֱˡ
սٴʱɫһƬľȻ
Ī
ʮоһجΣϺͰǱͼ̤񡭡Ѻԡ
ѰٴκдʱҲһҪɱҪϤӡ
ѰüϼһľòǱ˰ɣ޶ԣ
ҲΪ㻻дˡ
Ҷ˼ԭһţϼһһЩһ·ڿ
ģ
ͼʬĻսһعһ˿ҵ
ҶӵȻ벻ţһô֪뻹һͷ𣿡
սɫһ粻òһһѵľҧãǱһΣɣҪͱд𣿡
ӶѰ־
ѰʱЦˣҶĴָ
Ҷ϶ûֵǰ飬֮һ¿ˮ̵ӣΪľǵ仰ɱƭˡ
Ѱ룬Уֻһӡ
˵ţϡ
ԣӡ
ҶҲЦ
ײ۾ľѿȥ֤۾
µѰǷȱģ޷Ϊϵͻưˡ

ܹӳսĻսۣʱѹȵѰٴսŰܵĴС
⣬ѰҪġ
дĥ֤ʵڷŷɿɱ䣡
ڸ·ĵʮ졣

񣬻Ϣ֮ıɽˡ
ԶԶأͿںѰɱĻսۣһ˲䣬һۻĸо
ʲôʱ򡭡һ׼ܹһλĽۿˣ
˼һĻñɽ۲ԽֹЩƮԼűչǧѣ˾ײеȵز
ͬʱսҲ˱ɽۣһӿǰδеĿϲ
ˣ
ͬΪ۾Ļ᲻ɽ۵ǿ
ɡ
Ҫ󺰣ȴһϤϢϤϤѣоӿȫ
ǰһڣС
ֻʵĸоѸеޱȵϤˡ
һ飡
ɽһ˲λս۵Ҷϣɫ䣬ԼĿ
¡
糱ˮϯ̸Ƭأɽ޲һȻ촷ۡ
ת˲Ǭ
һĻɱɽɢ
۾֮ڴԵ쾡¡
֮Աȣŵ۾һصĻսۣȫͲˡ
һ̣ҶҲ¶֮ɫϹʱѴ֮ұնɱȶ֣񡭡
ѹȥʮ꣬Ԫ˵ҶӣӵеҲвʧ
Ҷûнֻͣ˵ǣӡ
Ѱ΢
ҶӵĻʶء
ӣ𣿡
ԶһЦͼһȺһȺ貵ƿնһǿӰ
вһЩ۾
սۣ


2054 صı仯
Щ׷ɱѰĸԣɽ۾ǵǿԮ
ڣѹ׿ޱȵĽ顣
ڣ˭Ҳ
ʶɽ۳ֺҲųˣҳΧ£֮ƣⷽط
ɱһƬѹ֡
ɽΪ˽ҶӣǸ޵ߣΪɱѰ
ȷе˵Ϊ˶ȡѰϵĴк컯
ѰԣǰһĻ޷ɫıһ˿ǰĳ
һ׷ɱʼʱѰͲйη壬˵㹻ĵһС
ԣһ·ǾޣһսдԾӲйκεľţߵǡ
¾ǴʱΧҲͬˡ
ֻǺȻЩ˽Ϊڽӡ
ҶӵɫҲڴ˿̿ǰ࣬ǰء
һսҵΪ㿪һ·ԽԺ󡭡ֻԼһǰˡ
оȻҲһ˿޵Ĳᡣ
ƺҲϰ˺Ѱһжӡ
ѰĪرһ£ҶӣҵģЩɫֵƴ
Ҷһ
ڴʱɽۿڣߣգ쳹
ĿƣζҶӣѾõϡ䱦
ܹնɱ۾ǿߵĽ顭̫ټˣɳƵǾ޽У
ҿ϶нһϹŶڣ϶ҲԼһƵռ
Ѱȫͱˡ
һɽһ׼۾˶ѣһУ˱ӣΡ
ͬһ׷ɱУǽӻܻͬڡ
ৣ
شɽ۵ģҶӵһպգͻͳʢѹֲޱߡ
֪ǿͷëһƾһЩ۾һϣɫ䡣
Ȼ⽣׿ÿ£
ڱɽУһķɣҲᶨ˽Ҷѹ˼
̫˼ˣһ飬ȴ˿֮⣬ȫ
䣡
ţɽ۵ĶɲָһץһƬۣһǵĽ󣬺Х
ɭɭڵ۾߷ɢĽ⣬ؽٸһ˪
ˣ
Ҷնһ˱㣬ͣգϡ
һ̹ǵĽҶֶȥ콵Ҷ˷·
ҶӰ˸˿˿ðĽ׾ٱ⽣г˳ȥ

ɽ̲ס̾԰
ɱ
ս۵ȸ޵һҲչΧ
ĿֱָѰһˡ
ҶзâһҪȣͱɱıɽ
ĶǱɽɫ˳ȣҪѽҶ̻ˡ

Ҷɢֲ׿⣬Ҫƴ
Ѱս죬ɱϾֻһ׼ۣĿܵסһڴǿߵɱ
һҶ漱ˡ
ѰΨһһеϤˣȻȱʧء
ĸоڣ
һ̣Ҷһϵľٶ
ȻȥֵɽɱĻᣬԥתѰ
ǰ
ɽӶһ˿⡣
žԵģҲÿһλ۶صһ㡣
ɱɽۺҶӵ˸Ѱľ׼ۣڴʱҶȴˣ
ѰһĻʱסз
ʶԭҶУԼ֮ҪҪˡ
䣡
ػҡ
κ˶ҶܰѰΧͬƱػᱻɽ۵ɱش
һ޷ᡣ
˵Ҷ治Ҫˣ
ΣޱȵĹͷһ̾𡪡
ֲˣΪҪ໤
ʱһλðĹӰ֣һԼ޳Ӱ
һ̧֡
ߵĽҶӾС
ͬһ̧֮䣬ɽɽңݺݵɳȥնײݡ
Ӱվʱ̲ס͵ؿȳһѪ
ǸɱѰǿߣǵ۾ڣ׼һȻֹɫ䡣
һ˱ɽۣ˭
ͼУðӰԼ֯ķ򣬹ƮӳĵسȻ
ӰȻء
ֺȺֻӿϵҶӣһ˿˸УԭһǸˡ
ҶɻĿһۡ
Ѱһ͵ǡǰҸղž˵ˣ㲻ҪƴֵãôͲ
һ˿𱸡
ҶӿڣŤͷƳѰһۣ㻹֪ҪҰæ
Уһ˿Թζ
Ѱɫ΢ͷЩڨڨ
һУԭҪֵģ˭룬ɽЩʦʦ½õԴ׼һΪˡ͡Ľɫ
شʱ¶һ˿¾ΪЩѼȥ
ػһֲӦƳӥչ֮󣬾ͲҪӥ֮ǰǰػһ
΢ľ仯þ׼Դġ
ɽɫü͸ء
ǿҲɲз
صĳ֣ǽԤеʶ¿˰Ѱ̸Ҳһ˸ж
Ѿвɱ⣡
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½ӿĵĽ飬رࡣ
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ҶӴһ˿ɻоǰص˿͸ŮӣƶԼһġǻ
ҰɱϼһΣ
صˣֻ˵Ļȴ˺εɱ⡣
ɽߣȴһţҲʼ㣬ȫ֣жʤ㡣
Ҷ룬ָѰǰңǰУҿɴӲϲ˰æ
ѰжʱһůԴ⣬ԺһҪһֶȥҶˣ
ȴЦһɳǿĺܣҪæء
췢ģѰ⻹ǵһμڿԼһʱǾ⣬ջһֿЦ
ֱ˿̣Ÿоƺıˣǰӣ°ûκ
մȾ˼̻¶һЩƢϵ΢仯
⵱Ȼһ¡
ֻѰ˿ҲֻܿЦԹЩĪ飬Լȴ
һĹػ
˵ʲô
㿪ڣֻ֤Լ㹻ǿˣվѵڰ
Ҷ룬䲻֮Ĺϵ֪Ψ˸ˣŻ
Ѱ
Ҳһ
߱˴˶һۣһڡ
Ϊ飬ﶮʲô֮¡
ָһҶӵСԴˣõ˵̫ãȥɱС
˵ţѽĿңңԶıɽۡ
һ˲±Ǹö翵ӡ
Ҳһ˲ɽۻëԭŵһЩ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ֻһͷ
ӣ


2055 ˵ج
ӣ
ӵԽԶԽã
ڱɽУ˿̵ؾִףͷֹסزںͿ־塣
ৣ
ǳһıܣɽۺԥˣٶ֮죬ס
û׷
ֻ̽һֻ޳֣һ
ԶУڽŲƵıɽ۾һֻӰ㱻˳
ɫȻƴҲͽ͡
飡
գָɽ۵һըӱ塭
Ѫ٣ɺ졣
ɽۣһλչǧĵ۾شڣһģȴûˣ
ĿһĻǿߣ޲һֽŷ
̫ǿˣ̧֮䣬㻮
ѹְţԸǿߣͬˣǵ۾Ҳܡ
һ㹻СĺͽѰߵҶӼ˼ʱǺԥѡԮ
ֱɽǰǲžĴ󶨣һƺƴ׷ɱжͽӭĻ
˭룬ӭǵģһѣ
˽ҶӣѰ߻ݷһλֲ˾ϴڣ
ҵ֪Ѹ̧֡
һ۾ΡΡڣɫ塣
̬һλ۾ϣԵúܶɴʱ˭˵Щ
̧־ɱһ۾أҪɱЩˣǻ練Ƶ飿
Һòײлһ⣬ǡô䣿
䣬еζ˷ëԤеһЩ۾ֱӾѡӶݡ
ߣ
ӣ
һʱ䣬лңԸǿ羪֮㳯˷Ӵܡ
ҶӸҪ֣ͱѰֹҪͱﻵˡ
ﻵˡ
ԶغȻĿ⿴ƵģѰס¶Ц
ѵ˵
ҵȷúúó
Թ˵ţһӣһХ
ԶԶһϲԵ֮ì֮ƣᴩգʮ
飡
ԶɽҰ䣬һ۾ﱻ̴ת˲仯ҽ
䣡
һƬɽжϣɽеһλ۾Ҳ֮նķѡ
һȺ׼ӱܣȴеǰһڣͱһƵķû
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ؼ䣬ԸǿߣԱ¾
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ǵһĻ˶ţʲôʱ۾ﶼˡ
Ҷ̲סĿ⿴أɱ̫ˡ
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Ŀ⿴ѰоΣ
Ѱʶǿ˼ǿ
֮ЩʦʦΣ
һ仰Ѱ͵شѹأӰԼתӣƾŬҲգȻҲͿ˿̵顣
ʤ
ѰһĴ𰸡
ŶһԽ䵱ӣд裬ܸҺЩʦʦ˭ǿˡ
ⲻѯʣһ־ƽȴɡ
ѰͷȻӿһɲĸоæǰǻսϼһдѾ㹻ˡ
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Ѱҡͷĸңֻǡ
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ѰҪ˵ʲôͱشϣôˣȥʰսƷҺҶл˵
ѰЦصı仯Щʴӵĸо
ҡҡͷԶȥ
һΣǬġȸǲ֮Ӵǿʢǵ۾нʮλ
һ׷ɱеڣѰ½ջ˼սƷɫɫĵ۱Ҳиָġҩ䡢
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һҲǣЩĶ׼۾Ϊǿĸ۾ڣϵıĿѰɱȣ
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޺Ʋ

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ǿչŵϣѰӣľ˿ɵ𣿡
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Ҳǿӣпѡ
֪ЩϢʱƵ̫֣ͥɽЩ˼ȻѡѰһ£ĿûΪ׼ֶΣ
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նսǵ뷨ѰֶΣֻ״ԺС
ʶûиѰκαֶΡ
нҶӺصĴڣѰҲҪЩˡ

ʮ
տȻݷͳ
һı̺ǰһһӰ׹ʯ㣬ݺҽУǧˮˡ
һӰռѵشӺ¶ͷһѸĴһδȥ
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ϣҶӶһƬ̵Ҷϣһĵǡ
ģзģⷽѱҵǣһһݡһɳһʯܵƻ
ԱߣȻһ֦ϣӰԼ飬Ĺתӳĵƻá
Ҷ̲ס˵˵Щݲݡ
ڵƤһ϶ҲûµģϾҿǳ䵱˻д衣
飡
˵ʱ̧һ㣬òײŴӺˮѰһαѹȶˮС
ˮҲˡ
ҶӶЩĿȥˡ
ʮһ·ؼÿʱͻѰд衱ÿһѰᱻĥĶС
Ҷֻһ飬ֻһͣĿЩѰдĴҲһ󵨲ľ
Ůһ㹻ǿ󣬹Ȼ˵جΰ


2056 ټŮ
һд衱ѰϢ٣һƵںݵϣն
Ǿ׼ۣۺ񵽳ĵزյ׼۷Ҳĵ۾û
ЩںصдУÿһζŰһ㣬һֶȥֿҲͽ͡
ʲôо
Ѱᵽˡ
ֱ죬ѰŴľлع
ҶѷɿسһϡıҩһһϺѰ
û취ѰѱһּɺԵĵزָ̧ûˡ
ǰдý˰ɣ
ֹ˰죬ӿֳȫµѰżѵתͷ֦ϵء
żʲôʲôʱµˣʲôʱͽд衣
Ȼ
Ѱǰһ󷢺ڡ
µһֱԺԼǾҪһֱĥݲȥ
ѰΪͻˡ
ҶӺȻһ˿̾
ѰһԼڷ仯Ҳס
ͻˣ
һ㱡
ϴƾ̤׼ǰư֮ǰһѼѪɱƴ˴֮ͷţսư֮ڡ
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ڣϴƾŹȥһʱѣΪٴɱ䣬˳̤׼ж죡
ѸƥĽٶȣֱǾףѰԼе˼
ʮ֮ǰܼƺͻսдʮŴΣǰʮνܸգʮ֮󣬿ʼؾ棬ӵѹƻս۵
ԱߵҶӷɿŻսʩչսٶ뱻ѹܵĴС
д裬ŰսȴսеõĥкսԵõǰδеĹ̺ɱ䡣
ʮУغдʮΣÿһνѹȵƴУեŰ֡ǡһδε̩֮ɱ䡣
˵⣬Ҷѵõǣÿһγ֣ǡôǿһ֣ͻĵһ޷ļǱͷųֶΣ۷塣
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Ҷһҵʱ䣬Ϊͻƣ޵ߣ϶˵ߵ׿ͷˡ
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治Ǽٽд֮֮ʵ
Ҷ˵Ȼһʱ㹲ʮֿƿıҩÿһֽԿǼֵǣѰĵ۾ﶼ޸ܣҲҿҵʵĻҪ˶ʱͻơҲͦѡ
Ѱȷǲƴ֣һʱѹεսƷͿƺʤ
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ƳѰһۣΪͻˣдʱӦҲӴһЩҪ׼
Ѱпһ̲סǰ֮ǰд裬˼
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ص͸һ˿Ź֡
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Ϊʮ֮һݵĽ̸Ҳ̸Сݵ̸ǿҲ̸
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ڣ̾ݾڣޱȹϣǰʮˮƽ
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ͩɽ
ɵѰִʱȴȻ֣һݾҲһһɽأκӰ
ңɽųɽϵĴҲֹͣת
߽Уͼ۴αȵĹϽУԿյģֳһҵļ
ѰѰãһ飬ղȷϣ޵ߣӦȫͩɽϳˡ
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ͬʱȻ֣һͽӴ˵شߣ˼Զһ֮¡
֣Ҫ˵
ת꣬һѰһڱУõƾʧ˰㡣

ѰԭĴǰһ󲨶ֳӰŮϢ䶼ȥȴεĿֲơ
Ϧ֮£ڻƻ֮У
Ϊ׵ӰʱѰͫȻһжļ䱻ѡ
Ϊ׵һŮӣӰ޳֫һ˿Ƶɫ䣬˿ϷĹ
һսìϷǾһبǵֻߴĸо
Ӱ񷣡
׷ɱ¹Ůӣ
ѰкݺһĿŮӣ
꣬½磬ƴһܾӵԺУҲ¹µһ־
Ҳһ־ûһĻĻѰ׷ɱ¹Ůӡ
ҲѰ֪Ůǿձ˰ר׷ɱĸ૑¹
ֻǣѰû뵽ȥ¥յУŮӣ
Ե̫˼顣
Ҫȥһ磬֪һ·ţȴһҹ֮ʧˡ
ǰŮӿڣöޱȣȴ͸ųǵı͵Į
ߣ׷ӣ˿̽Իһ¶֮ɫ
ǰҵȿɸûй¶κһ˿ҵҲ֪ڵôȫʧˣǧҪᡣ
һ׷ԲԵż͡
Ůߵļ򣬵Ҳᣬֻ⣬Ϊλ״𣿡
ָ߼ÿʱ类ٻֽƵģһƬҽƮ


2057 Ĳл
ԶѰͫȻһǰ׷ԲԵߣһλʵĵ۾
ת˲䣬ҷ
µǣʼգŮӽֻĶԷļѣǰ赭д
ԽˣԽĺ
ʣµλͰ׷һҲǵ۾ڣĿһĻʱɫҲǱɷףд塣
ȥ̽ǿߵ䣬ΪޣҪǰһ
ŮĿ⿴һ꣬ܣ㱳塢ѶΪᡣ
ǡ
ɫ𲻶ҧȥ
ŮӿڣʣµһѷɿǰѴ̽ǷɽѰӦڴ˽磬ԹŻ򣡡
ŶŮӵ
Ȼ򵥵Ĵ𰸲⡣
һɿѰ棬֮ǰǿչŵϸûһزؽһλѴ˵ѰڹŻС
ԶѰɫѸһĨ
ŮӾڴ̽Լйص飡
ζţѾԼ
Ȼ˵꣬ŮӵԭֵľǼ˵ˡ
Уһ˿Ŀܣ綢ޡ
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ΨϦգزã

۴αȵĹϽտҲɪš
ѰһĻĻ۵ףľ޷ƽ
ҿ϶ܾǰĸ૑Ǵǿձ˰Ҫӱܵ׷ɱǵŮڵ壡
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ѣѰʶʲôȻһòǡ𣿡

䣬ڹŻʱÿһδͨؾ߳ĹԴƿصĽҵû뵽ڱʦֻɱһƲлꡣ
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׷ɱĸ૑ǵ֣ͬһ壬ҳƺΪ棡
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һֱͨؾڣ¹£Ҳ֮ͨͨ־Ŀ¡
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ǾһУڵѰɽıϾѳʧˣ֮̾һһĶ츣أ϶ᱻ޵߶ϡ
һЩҪռɽصҲô
Ҳ֪ǷѾҵڵĴˡ
һĻѰüͷʶֻҲٳڴ˵ˡ
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·ϣһ£ٹңµͻ֣Է϶һֶԸԼ
Ա¶ټ֪һ϶ǰһ磬Ҳٵ˻ѡ
غȻڣһͻᱻǶϣǽһɱԼͷϡ
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˵ֻǣҵҲлʤգʱµҲ֣Ǿ鷳ˡҲµֻҪˣ϶Ź㡣
ѰһһĨȻǰصģôɣ
Ѿһ󵨵뷨


2058 ǰڰĴ
ʱ䣬ȵ۾ȴһҲûҵáܶˣ
һɽۣ֮ĮɫĳڷƮ
Աߣŵùڵأɫɷס
һֶβ̽Ҳû뵽ǣЩ޵߼ֱ˼˰㣬ʧӰ٣һ˿ۼû¡
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ǰѰˣ
żɿҹѰںںӳǵУի̽ǰڰϢ
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вڣһӣһӰ͹䵽ϡ
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֮ǰǽȡļ侰УμסѰģϢϡ

һҽ紬Ӻɴɣڹ̶ǿŲº󣬽ԭеĺʻһƬǿ
ǳһߵҰݣ޵ӶɼһЩƿֲƵƵ
նϲبǿյѪڡ
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һĻĻֲľ󣬼ֱκ޵߶ļ¡
ҽ紬ȴشУÿһЩֲֻʱܹ֮յرܿ
ȻƬǿҶգɼԦ紬ȴһ֡
ҽ紬֮һƯ½أի
˴εĿǰڰ磡
紬Ϸ
ϲ岼ֲһȻ徲Ժ䣬ֻĿˣסС
һͥԺǰһ߹ߵΣŲ΢˺Źڵ
ǰ紬ѾʻΪնġҹ򡯣һ·ϿܻһЩΣգСǰ֪ͨΪ˵ǡ
ʹһ꣬뷢ҰףϢǿᣬӵоʥΪɴʱȴԵޱȹ
лѣ֪ˡ
ͥԺһƽˮ
æǰǧⱾӦõ顣
ܿ죬Ƕȥ
ͥԺУľިľβһŵķУһγӰһϮ°ɫɢ¶һ忡ա
ȻѰ
ǰǰһкںӳǵĵطҵ̾ڵի̽ͺڰйصϢ
㾶ֱիǰڰĽ紬
ǵͣѻϤԼǰڰϢǲ֪Ƿ׷
УѰ¶˼֮ɫ
ǿչŵһֱһ仰½ԵУ޿ˣڰĻ·
ѰǱǰ
һΪҪŮǵעıǰһж
ѰȷҪ
뿪ʱһż㣬ϱдһ仰
ڰ磬ڵ塣
Խݣܹǰǿձ˰֮ǰһ仰ȻǴ⡣
ѾǰһѰȻһʱ뵽ȥǺڰһ⣬һ˭ҪԼϵȥ塱
ŮǶϣڣѰҲʲô
Ѱȴòһ£µ֮ҪһֶζԸԼָζԿ
һˣ϶ǲеġ
ʦ뿪ʱ˵һֱ֣Եޱصķɽڶˣܾںڰ磡
ΪѰѡǰڰԭڡ
˼ʱѰһһ̾ӨСֶȻĴۼɢϢ̻ԲҶһƻõϼ
磡
ãɽ䲻ڣһ磬ʱҲóڱһԼϵϢӦѡ
Ѱ磬ĵ̣ԶԶȥͽ⣬ȥǿҪٵԿ
ڱϢܹܿǸµĽĲ̽͸Ӧ
꣡꣡
Ѱǰϣһѵ
ͼһԭޱȵĵ۽ڴ˿ʧȥ԰㣬һɲѿƬ
ԱߣתɬĹ꣬ӳֳһĪĵͼ
ڶԱߣɰ׹϶ɵ鹭ҲһֹĹʣõҽԻԡ
һ۱
Ѱǲײس鴤һ¡
顰ȱͳ鹭УҪ౦ﾫ޸ܵĴˡ
ͬڶһơʱѰڶҲݷһֲĴڡ
һӰݼںڰУͷɢһĴָϸʺ˫㡢˫šϣɢɬ
ںڰһ˺ųҹĹ⣬ޱȵҫۣޱȵ
һӰ˵ĸоһڰеһɻأֲ޷
ʱѰǾ۴ʥΪһӰȴ˵
ƾʵ̫ԶԺɡ
Ҳ仰Ѱ׶϶һӰܾǶе飡
Ϊȱﾫ޲ԪһĻѰһҲ編ƣķеܡ
û룬ˡ
һʱк鹭һɺͼȡڵ۱ľƷʺߣ


2059 ۱֮ƷŽ
ǰʱѰҵ׻̸ۺʱֻһЩѰʥȱȡ
ЩÿһɱսƷУȱ޸Ԫġҩ
ڹɽʼն۱Ѱ㿪ʼõ۱䵱ȱġҩ
ǲƴ֣죡
һЩ۾֪ôɡ
ֱ̽еҲܾ˵۱ջ֮Ѱӵеĵ۱Ϳʼˡ
û취ǼҵٺʵȱͶ֮θ׿ġԻڣҲ̫á
Ѱϵĵ۱ǧ޷ƿص۱ܶɳ䵱ҩĵ۱ʣ²ʮ
Ȼʮ۱һĿѰȴѿʼˡ
ȱͶ֮ÿңܽһ۱̺ľһա
ٶȣ£ʮ۱ͻ᳹׺Ĺ⣡
µĵ۱䣬ĻȱͶ֮θڣ
ѰҲһЩĵرϣȱͶ֮Ͳϡ
ͷ·Թɽ亣ζˣƲϴֲ赭ˡ
Ѱǣô۱ȱǶ֮飬һ仯ûС
Ӵȥ޻ص̬ơ
ص˵鹭ͶнԷǱѰƷ۱еĶⱦ
һĵ۱޷֮Աȡ
ȱͶ֮ɼȡĵ۱һֻۣﵽһ̶ֳʱͻʵɱ䣡
ȻҲ˵ˣ鹭Ͷв׻ָʱҲþ׼жϳǾںεƷ׵ĵ۱
Կ϶ӵĵ۱ҲƷ
ҲʱѰ˽⵽۱Ʒ׻֡
Ĳͬ۱ƷŽס
ƷֱƷƷƷ
УƷ۱Ԣⱦ̵ͨ۵۵ƣϡСס
۵ƣɳƷ½׵۱
ȵ۱Ҳһ֡
ȱͶ֮ɵЩ۱ˮ׼
ʮڵ۵ƣɳƷн׵۱
Ʒн׵۱Ʒ࣬Ĳͬ
ʮ۵ƣƷϽ׵۱
Ͻ׵۱Ѽ֮󣬴ƿͥʮսȻУÿһŶصĴк
ǡƷס

Ʒ۱Ԣ۱ͨ飬Ҳ飬ӵ˳Ժǻۡ
Ʒ۱ͬҲϡСס
ÿһףŲͬ
Ʒ½׵۱ܹɱ̬սʱȴϵ۱ܷӳȫơ
Ʒн׵۱ӵǻۣɲݵ۱ս
ƷϽ׵۱ѾӵеУ۱սҲʵ
ֻǣһƷ۱֮ͱȻǸͥȻУӵƷ۱Ҳָ޼
ϣһƷ۱ܳΪ䶯µĴ£޵ۡ
ֵһǣʥҲɱ飬ǺƷ۱ȫǲһġ
ʱѰҲû뵽жʥ
ֱֶ֮Ĵڣŷ֣Զǰ򵥣Ҳʥɱȡ
ڣʶзǵʥһһĵ۱ɱȣ

Ʒ۱ͨ
ȵ۱ƷǿҲֻǼ֮ͬ˵㡣
ǿչŵϣ֪Ʒ۱ͥС
һԣصʱ̣Ʒ۱׶ᶯá
УƷ۱ֱ۵ӵѹһ

˽ЩѰͻȻ֣鹭ȱ֮顢ټҶӽ飬ԼУƷĵ۱
֮˵룬Ϊȱ֮顢ҶԴһص⡣
Ǿܹشǲָ֮ǰ޷֪ǵľƷࡣ
ˣлǧԼص۱Բһĵ۱ɱȡ
ŵ˵һЩųĴӵеĵ۱¶ûѰһӵеĶࡣ
óһƷ½׵۱䵱ȱͶָ֮ġҩѰʵ
Ҷӣ治ҪҰæ
Ҷǽ飬Ҳ飬ȴȱ֮鲻һԵ۱Ȥ
ݷѰ˿Ҷӵҵıѱ٣޷ȡ۱ҪָֻܿԼ
ѰȤǺεȷţ
һȴ壬ӵǻۺһ̤֮·Եúܲ˼顣
Ҷӵұǵ۽ĴȻͽйأĴУ񡯡
Ѱ̲ס˭
ҶҡͷѲȱ޷ټˡ
ͳһ˿Ȼ
һ
صȻֻг׻ָʱһļ䡣
˶٣Ҷӣ䱻ٵҪ޸ƣֻһ;֪Դĸܰﵽ㡣
Դĸ
ѰһǵڻγʱһɱԴ֮Ϊ
ۼϡ̶ȣƷ۱ѶãٲȻͬޱȵĴ˵㣬ֻ
ǿչŵϣ˵˭ùԴĸ
ȻͼҶ˵䣬ѲѰٵ˵ָٶȻһЩҶԣͬߴ֮·Ųٺô
Ҷ䲻ܹԴĸѰμסˡ
ԺһϣҲҪҶҵ

ʱţ뿪ɴ磬Ҵѹȥһʱ䡣
իҽ紬ʻ롰ҹ;ɼֲ֡
ҡաƬÿһƬ
ͨڰĺ·
իλ˵ںڰ磬ֻչڡزؽ硢ͭȸ¥ͷУܹǿ֮дŲƵĴ͹
Ҫڰ磬ֻðżķգƬҹ
ǲϤ·ˣ¾ӵе۾ΪҲƬյʧѣ
ˣ
һ죬Ѱھޣ񣬺ȻһҼٵԵú
Ѱü
˴ΣԹݳ˴סͥԺλڽ紬ϲ㣬ûһĳ˿͸޷
ˣ
Ѱᣬȴܼĵֱ޲ýͥԺŶ顣
˵ʱիǿӦûᱻֹģ״ȴûз
룬ѰӴг𣬾ֱ˳ȥ
û߳ͥԺѰʶоѸӦͥԺľ
һ멣Ӱӣһӵӵ֮£ͥԺ֮⡣
ŵģһӣɫ͡
իרŸ̷Ѱľ꣬˿վԱߣüԲ
һĻѰüëһ
Ȼ멵ӣѹȵǾ궼òͷ
ֻǣΪԼ



2060 ʯ־
ѰͥԺš
Ӳɣôã
ŵ̧֣ڰ˳һѰȥ
һԲϣֱӾͶˣ
ԺйˣϲŰľٶ
ѰЩ꣬Ѿ飬Щ⡣

һƣֱӱѰ߬ס޷
벻ǣӲŭ㾹ҵͷˣ
˵ţһѰ
ǿƣ·ֻ֣ԷֻܰںƱƵġ
һӶſ񣬿֪Ȼżģ򣬾ֽɫ类ɱ˲֪ٴˡ
꣡
һŸ߳ͱѰŤϣ۵һҽУӰһģѰֱѹء
һϵжһǳɡ
ѰһֱɫȻɺѷ֮ɫ
Ե޹ʵţʱǰտǰſţǻûŪԵɣѰɱֲ֪Ķ
󵨣
㾹Ҷҡɷɽˣ
ǲ֪
멵ߣһȺӶȳŭѰһŵӡ
իǾҲһɿ촫ǰǧҪϢŭһЩЩɷɽˡ
վĽͣɷɽǺڰһӴӰںڰͷ
멵ӣɷɽһλ̫ϳϵĵӣʯ־ޱ
ڰǵȶյĵطɴӲȱ׼ĺݽɫȴԸȥʯ־
ԭڣһ令̣ƢҲ屩Ĵħͷšħۡ
ңɷɽҲǿǽЩ꣬׷Ϻڰͷ̬ơ
ǣ˼
һϮ멵ʯ־Ц
Ǳѹص߹߽еҪС
Ӷ𣿡
ʯ־һ¡
飡
ԴֱըѪѪʯ־ϣȴ벻⣬һ£˲
Щһɫ䣬
ѣղ̫Ϊ˸˴ۡ
ʯ־Ŀ⿴Ѱᣬϻ˵úã򹷻Ҫˣҵ棬¹ǷҲҪһЩۣ
Աߵľͷ󺹣æʯӣ֪λǰիܷͣͨһ
ٶ죬ɱҲ
ʯ־Ƴһۡ
ʱ죬ƵƵѰʹɫڸ̵̣ǧ嶯
Ѱ޶Ƶģһᣬھʹǰʧ򣬺Ը
ʯ־һ£ƲԼ䡣
ЩҲһĴ㵣Ʋţ˾˵
ƺе
ʯ־ĿѰʶһ㡣
ֻǣ۽磬ͿǰϢƽˣһôµĴڡ
ټϣйˣһЩǿĴڣҲΪɵݣǡ
ʶ˿Ѱչֳǿ̬ʯ־ЩӦˡ
üʵǵһγ˴ǰڰ磿
һ̽
ֻǣѰЩͷˡ
ڰͷеչں͵زؽ磬֪ɱ˶ˣĿܻһɷɽĹӸ磿
䣬Աߵľ꣬ɱǣ۵ի
һ仰þëæǰϢŭǰϢŭлú˵ΪҪɱɱأ
һﾹҪɱǡ
ʯ־ŭЦѹ̣˭룬ȫǲ֪ô
ЩҲЦ䣬һһǵһǰڰ磬Ͳ֪ɷɽӵеķ
ϽҼ
һ˱ȣɱڡ
Ҳ׷׺ȳһ¶ɱ
֪ҲҪ۵ġ
Ѱվǲͷˣһ̾
䣡
һ̣һɿֲޱߵɱŰķ籩ǵӿ
ҰԭƽѰһ̾绯һɱ¾߳
飡
һ죬ЩӶͱѰɢĿֲѹȵù򵹣һͷ­ҵأϥǹǶѣ˷ĲҽҲ֮쳹

ʯ־˻𣬳߾ȫ
ɽת˲䣬Ҳ类ɽѹȣ񹷿ʺƵſڵϣѣѪ
ס׻
Щӣɷɽǿߣǿ׼۾ΪСҲʥ͡
ڣûüͱѹ
µǣԷûгֻ֣ɢƣԿ
֪ڰе粻һÿһ۵Ĵˣ඼䵽ڰеĺݽɫѪ׶֮
ɷɽµĴˣ߻ӣΪܵͽ˫ȾѪȵаɣҲ緸ħͷ
׷ʯ־ߵЩУͲ׶֮
ڣȫˣ
ʯ־ޱȵĽɫҲ⣡
ٿѰʱĿѴľη
˵ɣΪң
Ѱŵϵʯ־䡣
ֱɱң
ʯ־ŭݣĿѣһΣܵһͿҲǵһƷζ
˭˵
ѰĿŲƣЩӡ
ЩӦ
Ѱָһ
飡
һüı̴ѪϢرе
˵
ѰĿ⿴һˡ
˻£ſڣ˵ӤƳ˴㼫ܺӤ֮è壬ʹǰǰѯһ
Ѱü
ӤǸֳѪɡһϮȹɢ졢ϢŮӡ
ٰǵ磬ѰŮչֳĶط绪޵
ŮΪ˲ѰһɫѰ
˴ѰիĽ紬ܹסϲĶͥԺУȷΪֳǿɫƣܵչˡ
һһöɫƸֶΪ
Ƶ⡣
һԥʯ־Ǽɱ˵Ŀ⣬ӲͷƤڰ˶֪ҼӤΪͷ⡭
ѰףԭΪԼõƣʯ־ɣԼӤϵĪ棬ʶŻڶһ̽
׷˼ҹֹ˽ӴԵѰЦ
ڵϵʯ־ɫ粻ҧ㵹˵Ӥʲôϵ
ûϵ
Ѱشĺ⡣
ʯ־ȴţŭûйϵὫЯġ㣿ǿʱһֱı׷Щóҿ
ȴУȻ˵ûйϵ浱ǰ׳գ
УڵԹߡ
ѰɫĿ͸ŹŹ֣˰죬һﻹΪĪļʣԼ鷳
˵ֺܲ
ʯ־һ⣿
Ѱҿʧǡ


2061 ôд
ʧǡ
Ц
ʯ־һķŭоܵĪ衣
Ѱ룬һɫͭóϵô
ʯ־׻㣬ʧǰ֮ص·ͭˣ
УŨŨļʺͷŭ㻹˵Ӥûϵ
·ͭ
Ѱ˼
뿪ٰʱӤ֣ҵ˵һѰζĻ
ԺһѰʱ͸իӤ֮ʱһһ׮һ顣
Ҫ֪ʱѰԡ䣬ӤƲ²⵽ʲô
Ӥͽһ·ͭ˵ͭһͼƾͼָҵʱҲѰһ޷ܾı
ô˵Ҳ֪֮أѰʡ
ʯ־իʼԴأڰУ˭˲֪û·ͭ˭ҲҲ֮ء
Ѱô˵֮ؾڰ磿
ʯ־ⲻǷϻ𡣡о˿̵Ѱʧǣ
ѰʶӤ꽫·ͭԼʱŲһ⡣
Լһһ飿
ǰѽܷիϣĹʯǣ
ǾǰЦ
ʯ־ҲĿ⿴ѰʱǾٴҲʶߵһ塣
ѰڵҲ򵥣һ۱ұ뿪
۱
ʯ־ɵۣȫʨӴ󿪿ڰ
ʯ־丸׸ɷɽħۣҲֻЯһĵ۱ѡ
Ǻǣһ׼ۣȴȾָ۱ˣӿ湻ģ°Լ
һЦȻ𣬾ͼԶͥԺǰ֪ʱһš
׷ͯգӥɢһڵ۾еơ
ѰһüϼһСĻӿڳ
˻
޲ʲôʱһ׼۸ѵвһλĵ۾ˣ
ֱǳ˪òͷˣ
Ǿ꣬ûðɿ촫ǰλһλаۣԺħݡȪڡǸϽǸͷɣ
˵꣬亹͸
۾裡
Ǻſһħۣ죬ֲޱߣĸ׼۸ڮ٣
ͼǺҲһһӿſֲ˵Ĺ⣬ˣ֪ôдģ
ѰЦôˣд֣Ҫҽ̽㣿
ʯ־˺;궼ǣֻһͷˣһԷˣ
иɥĲȥðһ۾
ƣСӶ񣬹ֲҪ˽紬ڰ磬϶ǳĴ
ҶԵ۾˲ӵڰ磬Ҳ˼գ
ˣϽµǸ
һӵмЦҲвм
紬ϲУֲͥԺ߷ĶѾЩͥԺеĿˡ
Ѱڮһ۾ʱҲһĴ㵣š
ЩӵЩ˷
ͼаҪ̣ôд
˵ţһĳ
䣡
𣬹ڹΪһֻɫƣɢֲĵ۵򲨶նѹȵݱ
һ̣ĿһĻǿߣ޲һϣëȻ
۾֮һڹ͵쾡£ֻԶԶţ
ˣ
ֽű䣬λǰָӤСǱ߽
ʯ־ĿϲĻ뵽·Ͼɱһλ۾ǰǲһУ
Χ֮жڮٵ۾³ͽе۾裡
˵ʱʱ죬ͼѰվԭһȴһƽ䷢˿ӳ
ৣ
Žնǡһ˺Ĺէ֣ǰʢ貣̵۾
ţһ춯صı쳹紬ҡǿƯһЩʯһ˲뱬飬ĩƮ
δ£̳ûɢһŭľ쳹
ܣ
Ժš
ҲڴʱǵҰڻָͼǱ㲻ڮٵĺţŭ
ǰ˺ѿһѪܵĽˣƤѪֹס
һһ۾
ȫžѻȸ
ꡢʯ־ԼЩΧ۵ǿߣһĿ࣬㱡
˭ǸڳԵ׼ۣǸڮٵ۾ˣӵͣ
̫˼飡
ʱҶѰͷǸ۾عصϹͷӣֱӸɵ
ɱ˰ɡ
ѰЩε̾˿۾عصĴڣ¾ǳ䵱ӣҲڵܹġ
ŲҶӵĴڣһΣ̸Ҳ̫ˣǰѵ۾ʲôˣ
ȡ
ϵ⣿
ɵע⵽Ҷʱȴŭֻʣһֳǵĺ⡣
ܵһΣϢ
ৣ
ԥŲնӡ
ΪյİҹһʧУͼѶҲѹ˲Щ
Ϊһаۣܹӵн֮Ϊ˲֪պɱ١
ʮֿ϶ٲӣע
ϼһ㻹֪ôдΪҪأҽ㡣
ҶЦˣʱѻһĨ⣬׷ȥ
ת˲ҶӺǺŶʧããǿС
ֱʱе˲͵ʶλԻȪڵаۣսˣ
㱣һĻɵĳ̫һʱ޷ƽ
ʯ־ʧǡ
һλ۾ˣ˭ţ
ЩΧ۵޵ߣ˿̾˪Ƶģһսͣɫò
֮ǰǻЦΪѰſ֪·һĻȴһǶݺݳϣܡ
䣬һĲҽдǿԶ쳹Ȼֹ
Ҷӻһⷵأ̧һףһѰС
ϼһ￴棬ɼҵȴΪףֻӵƷ½׵۱
ҶЩʧ
ϳһԭǲǺϵģȴһսƷ
ȻղŵĲҽУҲζλԻȪڵаۻûüִڰ磬һغˡ
䣬ȫԳǡӿڳ
žѹֵ˶ɱ۾̽ȡѰҶУΣա
ѰĿ⿴ڵϵʯ־
һΣڣŵɫɷ׵ʯ־óһѾӨ͸ĳɫ񸫡
ҲϵΨһһ۱
ѣ㣬Ĺһΰɡ
ʯ־ɥ
Ѱɫ񸫣ȵط֣⾹һƷϽ׵۱ʮ۵ơ
ɾͺˣֻһƷףˣ
Ϊ̫หĵ۱Ѱûڵϻֲ̿ʯ־ˣǽĿ⿴ܣȻڣ
֮ǰв˶ҳԲѷǷҲΪ˸һЩۣ


2062 ۣ
Щܹס紬ϲ㣬ȻǱի͡Ľɫûһ
ĿλаһĻѱ𺳵ͷƤ飬о֮
ʶѰҪЩЦ˸ʱȻм䲻ɻԹԵóһЩ
ҩϡ䡭
ӦоС
ѰҲûټƽϣƳһ۹ڵصʯ־ˣٿˡ
ת߽ͥԺ
ʯ־ɴգ޲˿뿪

ʦֻ˵ҵִڰ󣬲ȥѰ٣ʦ־ܹҵĳ֡
ǲ֪ʦĲҵټǷһ
صͥԺѰڰĿģЩü
УµǾ仰ֻ˵Լȥ塱˱û
Ѱ֪ôӺδ֡
ȥ֮أһǸصӤ
Ѱ˼⡣
ի䲻СںÿһǳУŵºУЩеƹߣի
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Ѱ˼ʱصȻ𡪡
µˡ
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ڡ


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ͬһ˿ܵһλµƿߡ
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ԽұѵҪǽӰ֮¡
£治֪ʲôӣ

һ죬֪ٹ컯ĴӦı仯нԸһĨ
ǿչŵԣպʲôҲûвһֲޱߵĴڣѺ飬ǿձ˰
Ƶͥ
ڴе̫һѹ
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¡
ڵ񷣬װĺɰĻϢƵͥ֡
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죡

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һĿֻšҲ֮Ӷ
ǵ۾һҲ񣬲ΪλήƵͥͷϡ
ɽ˵ȣûж
һƬѹֺ;ŵУ̫ۻ𣬼ؼ䡣
ͬʱ̫һӰŲƣ˺ɽء
Լ˸ϰ߲ƵǣɢɬصĹ
Ƶ̫Űһ
Ƶһδ֪֮صĻرӵĪܹڱνϢ
һִƽƵܹ֮ͥΪƵĴڣ
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ӰۣҰɫ뷢ʲңȻҶ档
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ҶߣһӣɫͣƵͥеһλʯϹŶѩӥ桱
Ҷһûǰǿձ˰̽ѰѡƵͥУҲʣλ澳
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̫Ҷ桢ѩӥɫ䡣
Ӱޱΰɢ߰ƣһӳĵ
ת˲䣬Ӱƾն̫ǲԶ
¾뼫̫ǵĵУ޷һӰģ
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룬ǻЩôķϣǣԺǿչŵϣ˭ҲĸԵڱ¡
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ˣ
ƵɢĲٿȻεضҶС
Ҷɢֲƣ磬ҵֻ뱣ȴƣΪǿչŵ£ֻһūۣ
ĿƵƬ̣˵˱ɾһȴȲƵͥǲţһԡ
Ҷͷޱȳͻ
գȻһ̾ƽ̣ϰɡ
¹ƵͥҲҶġ
̫Ĭá
գɬͷ
һ죬Թ񱣳Ƶͥۡ
Ϣһ½Ծ𣬲֪ٴΪ֮ĺ
֪ԴһĻͥУûܵκ˵ƵͥǱϵµһͥ
ɾִĵһ죬ƵͥǼµ̬ȣͱˣ
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۴ƵͥǿչŵϣԺֻһ
Ǿ۵̬ȣ
֪Ϣױͷӿ˵ʧ䡣
ǰãѰ׷ɱʱͼȥ˵̫ƵͥѰӻ
̫ȴܾˣֻΪƵͥһֱص̬ȣ
صһ𣿵ͷǱѹȵòòͷͳ
һ̣ױҲʧ

ھԵǰ˶̵һ̬


2063 Խ𣬾Ե
ƵͥĳáۡţҲһֲֿٶȴ鿪޵֪
һִƽޱأŶûУǿչŵ£ͷ¶档
ҲֻһЩȻеϹŶ֪Ĵڡ
һǰȫһɵԵֱӣִǿչŵĵһ죬չ¶ԵֶΣ죡
ͬƵͥĳҲ¸һ䣬֪ٴĻ̻̣ͷء
˶ԷɽսǲԹԡ
ԭڣһ䱻ܣɽȻĸԴδ
۵ĵǿչŵһǰδеķΧС
˶ԱȣܶʶΪһڣĿܻᷢ˴ı仯
ɲΣ˶ʶ۵ǿ٣¾վǲԤĴˡ
Ȼ
Ƶͥͷĵڶ죬ɴ磬Ǭͥ۳
ţ䡢ġħȵͥҲ½̬ȣҪάǿ
軡Ѫ롢桢ˮʮսԼ̫ŵ壬Ҳ½̬۱ﳼ֮ġ
һʱ䣬ɴ硢ǿչŵ£ΪһذϢ䶯С
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ţٲȻ޵ΪϵĴڣһ󣬶죡
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֪ٱߵ
򣬾ұ֮·ӦұͬĵˣڡЩͥͷˡ
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Խޡؼž
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Ѱ˼⡣
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ңѰһǿҵԤС
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ˣҪͽ·ϵĸ⡣
֪ҪһиøٵѪʱ䣬ҲΪΪԽߵǿߣÿһƾҪ꣬ǧ֮õһҪԭ
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ѾϲֱŰζ
Ѱ˿ҶӺȻڣҪҲԳ䵱дֵġ
ѰûҲϲŰֻʵ
ҶŶһǸ񻹲֣µֳˣѰҪһЩ
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ѰȻ
Щ紬ҶİҹУõ緢Ҳһ֪
֪µֺ󣬿϶Źɽˣ
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ѰĿ⿴һ࣬ӨӨ⣬תϼ⣬̡
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ѰĵģǸǵŮӡ
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Ѱʶµʱ䣬ҺǿյĽ紬ѾҪڰˡ


2064 ʱⷨӡ
ǿУһ޴ޱкڶתʱƬǿնһŤĸо
кڶܣͷ׹ʱչƮĲ
իĽ紬ʻǾ޴кڶȣһɳСۡ
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ʱ⡣
Ϊ߿ֲ֮һȻǵ۾Ҳֵסµʴ
ǽΪ£ǿչŵϣԹ񼸺ܹʱİأ
絶ն棬ն˴һĿ¡
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Ѱɫ
ıԴӵе츳ʱйأܹʱֹͣһ˲
ΪѰҲ̵ʶˡͨĿ£Կ졣
һ𺳡ηĿУ紬ʻǾ޴кڶС
һ˲紬ʱУޱȵ𵴺ͺ޵߶ڡ
ի̴ѣصģɵȿֲľʱ˾ѡ
Ҳһ˲ѰǰһȣһֱŵıԴѰ㣬ɬ
ৣ
͵أܵǣ㣬һƹλƵʱ֮Ӷ˶ûвʱ򣬾ʧѰڡ
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ںڰ磬Ĺءûйأﱻǡ֮ءΪײеаħʲô׼鶼ᷢӲȱӯɱľˡ
ҪȥֻһַҪôӲҪô㹻ǿ
˲ǣչڵĴˡزؽĴԼͭȸ¥ĴˣȻǲаһԣܿͻš
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̸֮ʣһ֣ի

һ̣һ޴ĴӴͷӭչӡիϴ֣ÿһֽɢ˵Ĵ
ߣǰڰ硣
´
˻֣ѾִڰˣΪλҪģǶһ٣
һ̣Ǿȫˡ
紬ɶݵ·;ϣʱʱһޱȵϢӸǳϳ̰㣬ɢɱ⡣
Լܹ;ǳϣ̾һȺһȺӰ
ԭիĴ
ϧΪһȺء
ԽԽùˣԴҵѵô磿
һ·ϣʱʱشӲͬĵطõý紬ϵëȻ
ͷ·𣬽һƬɱķͽ磬ʱ벻ɱ١
ҲʱǲףΪҪᦹҳˣΪһ·׶֮
ѰĿһĻĻҲпڰȻ鴫Ÿյִѣ;ͷֲôɷ֮ͽ
֪ǳիĽ紬Щڸյִ󣬱ػһһĽɱ
ʱмܴ


2065 ɷ򣬵ǣ
ǿչիĽ紬һ·ϣ֪׺ݵĿⶢţϳ˿ͻһڡ
ͺñһʻɽˮУɱ
ȴԵޱȵλصģ;ЩһҲֻǿַԣ̸ʲôĽɫ
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һˣɵʱǿնϢطǳڣҡҡ׹
һЩǳϵ׶֮ܣϢըѪܵƬ
¡Ϸսìһ·ɱ¾ǿΪ֮
ɶݵĽ紬Ȼֹͣǣ޷类һֻεĴ߬ס
紬ϣɫɷף亹͸һĿ־纮ȫ
֮ǰ֮䣬ںڰһ˸ի
ת˲䣬һʼϲĴɱϮ
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⻹ûִڰ磬һپϮѰ֮ǰҲû뵽ġ
Ѱȥˣǰڰɡ
Ҷϣܹȥ㡣
һǰƽ
ɻеľȻȴѰɫ䣬ԥܾҶӣһҪҵģ޷ɱ׷Ϲȥƴ
һΣɽ۵ΧʱҶӾܲƴһĻĻĿѰ鷢
ҶѰұǽ飬ģԹĴڣ˵ģҵˣΪһΡֺη
ѰȻ˭涨ͱ׳һȥסѰ;ĩ·ҪҲһս
Ҷס
Ѱһ͸ŭĻȴǰδеĳĬãȻȻЦҺȻǰ˸˵һ仰
ʲô
Ҷһһ˹ͬˣҲʹ죡
Ѱɷ򣬵ǣ

䣬ǿɻûеɽˮʱҶӣΪȡһ˲ʱܷϹˣ


2066 ǿյһ
һ˲
ڹŷУһɲΪһʮΪһ˲ʮ˲Ϊһָ
ųơɲǵɿգĽٶ֮죬Ѵﵽһ־׵ĵز
ѰԣƿصĽͨʱһ˲ͣͣ
Ե۾ԣһ˲䣬㹻ܶ顣
ֳ
ʶѰĻҶʶһ˲Ļᣬһɱǵ۾عصϼһҪͬʱɱһϼһȴѡ
㹻ˡ
ѰտȻɱһֵģһͺðˣ𣿡
Ҷӽסɻ󣬲Ѱš
Ҷӣҵģֻҵĳֱɡ
ѰûнͽͨİأҲѽϾǣʱⷨǿչŵϡ֮ܲء
ã
ҶӲ˼Ӧ
ڣһϹ
ѰҶͣ¡
Ƭǿպ嫣Ⱥ貣ѿڰ磬ԵޱȻͿտ
ϣôˣ
¡
УƿնƾˣǻӺͻߵӰ
ڵǻӣһ۾عؿֲڡ
ɫᣬֻƳһѰͽĿ˽Ҷϣ˲䣬ӱó
ǰãǬͥıɽ֮ԳΪһޱȵĽ飡
һҲǽסǿҵ̰
ҵġ
ԱߵĻߺȻģҲҶӡ
ǾͿ˭ˡ
Ӻá
߸һִҶΪ̸ֱ֮ӾͽѰˡ
ȴѰ̾ӦҲ֮ȴĵ˵ҲˣϾǵ£ȴƫƫ޴
Ӻͻ߽һ¡
ǵݣһҲ£ߵػܵޱȵӵء
һҵǵ棬Ϲ
ǵɫһ˲
ɽЩ뿪ŮҲѱǴǣƣò˶ãᱻɱʵںܺ棬˭ͷʱ˲Ᵽ
䣬˵Ϊܻס㣬Ϊ
ⲻǷϻ
һֽ̬
ϾѰݲ򵥣˭ˣЩʦʦǺεȿֲĴڣ
˭ָˣɽôģ
׼Ӹ÷ϻֱӾͶˣѰһ
Ϲй˼ɡ
ѰЦ͸ỵ̂ôϻ
ȷˡ
Ҷӵͷ
ɫѿͻ߶һۡ
һ̣붯֣Ŀǳһ¡
ҶӣѰ
Եúܲ˼飬ǻ˽ѰˣŻôǵġ
Ƕԣϰױ˺ԵѰʵ󲻼򵥡
һУΪĳ֣һڷɽˣҲΪеĻرɽսһٻ
ߣн棬Ů໤⡭һصĽɫ

Ի˵Ѱ£һ׷ɱѵڳɹһ룡
䣡
ǿǳһζ
λ۾һ֣һ׼ۣѱƵֻԴУûκĿܡ
Ѱһ
ڻ˶ֵһ˲ԴҶӣӵѰһʱͳ
Դˣ˲е֣Ҳ⣬һѣѵܵס˶һ׼۵ɱ
Ҳڴʱ
һùƥĹ⣬Ѱӳ
ʱһ˲
޾ͷ·һͣһ˲
Ҳһ˲һնɱǽھҶӱ֮Ƭǿն
ۣ
ӷӦʱ˺ķһΪֲĽͷţݿ㽫Ԫ촷ۡ
ûвҽУûһ۾عصϹ㱻һɱ
һУԷͣ͵һ˲
ǻһ˲ҲͷƤըܵĪ̼㣬͵سԶԶԶ˱ܡ
Ҷӣһ˲Ҳס
ɱӵеܹȥһλ̤۾عصĴڡ
ڣһնǻӣ
Щš
ҲǴ˿̣ʶѰνġһ˲֮ʱζǺεȾˣ
⡭ܣ
ǻߴʱžŭг޷ᷢ˹µ飬ֱ߸֪
ڣɫд𺧣ֽһ䡣
ɱ䣬Ҳ𾪣е־ǣûпģ
δ֪ζſ־塣
Ҷӣɱ
Ѱ͵ؿڡ
ৣ
Ҷӳһ۾صĶ֣µġ
ǿУ׿ޱߣһ̵Ҷӣͬһλۣ顣
ߵһӦӡ
ӵĪĴ̼òģԼҲͻأرе
ৣ
Եޱȷӵǰƴ
Ҷӽ׷ȥŹԷ
ȱ
ͬʱѰ鹭óҪİæ
á
Щһֱ鹭еȱһʱֳӰһɢϢĻҷꡣ
һ̣ȱ鹭һһɿֲɢ
һſɵĹҲ֮׼֮֮Ƭǿնǡ
˿̵ȱԺһˡ
һǿգɢǳڵ֮ơ
ʺѪĹңյƱգȻݺ
һѰǰһʹ𵴡

һӳѰ۾ˣ̫ѤúʹĿҲڿֲ
Զ׷Ҷӻһ̲סͷ
ͼһð˺ǿգһֿŵٶȱ䣬;һſǳֽը
飡
ԶĻ߷һļУͱһʢļᴩȻ顣
ɺѪɢ
ͼƬǿ֮䣬һɳıֱѷ죬ѷ츽ǳʯȫ촷ۣ̳ɢأмХڻصš
⣬ȱһɵƻ
һǿգ֮⣬ɱһλ۾عشڣ
ǵȾ׵һĻҶ۾ֱ
Ѱԭûȱ֣ȱʱҲûһܹܡ
ֻҪ赲ǻ߾͹ˡ
ȱı֣ȫ͵߸Ԥڣǿƾ춯صһҲѰ鲻Խһ֮أ𺳡
û뵽Ŷ֮ȱ͡
֪ʱ۵ȱҲֻɱ׼ѡ
ڡ
һɱۣ
ɱĻһλ̤۾عصϼһ
֮һ֮ڣĵİ޷ĸ֣һɱ
ҷģȱ鹭ҰԺϣֳһĨЦݣСˣһûʧɡ


2067 ֮
ȱĳ֣һľϲ
ƻָˣѰʡ
Ŀָܻǰ졣
ȱɢϢѾ˿̵һЦݲãҰԵꡣ
°룬ָ۷ʱս
ѰƮսһɱһ۾عشڣ
ȫʢʱȱָǿ
ٿԶĽҶӣһݷڶһֲӰ
ѰȻ֣Լһһ˱˵顣
ȱȻСˣҿҪںܳһʱ޷ˣǡ
ʲôѰʡ
ȱЩݣɿһ˵ţСҲ֪Щ˲ٱﾫǿָһЩԪ
˵꣬Ѱˣ۱
ȱ˵ͷơ
Ѱǲײس鴤һ£ıǣԺҿ϶޸ĵ۱
ȱƺҲЩ˼СˣղҲˣ֮ǰ̵һЩ۱ҲָһЩսɱղ϶ȫͲѴ֮
ԱߵҶ䲻ղһƺϵˣ̸ǲѴ֮
ȱЦһĵضҶӣСˣҽСˣһգصԪͻ᳹׻ָ
ҶƽҺ㲻һҪ۱޸Ҹҿ϶һ飬۷ʱӵеĵУϲܱҸߡ
˶٣侲˵˶Աȣ̵ҵ뷨ͺûʲô쿪
һĽǰֱӣȱһ㵡
СˣСϬ
ҶӾҽҶӣС顣
ۼһâļƣѰæֹŽ߶ĻǴɡ
С飬´ʱ˵׼ͻ᳢һζ
ȱЦ仰ͷ鹭˳֮С
һ
Ҷ룬Ƿᡣ
ҩζʮ㡣
Ѱ̲סЦ߰ɡ
أһأϵЦݶȥ
һʼжȽսսƷѼһ£ͳԶǿŲƶȥ
ȥģҶʡ
ڰ硣Ѱ˼
㲻أҶ̲ס
ǵġѰͳ
һ
ûһ
ˡ
̸ʱѰҶӵӰʧƬããǿա
뿪á
ƬǿֳһӰǣһУӳֳû
ǰվţȴһϵǿף͵ˣ
ϡ
һ˳ޱȵȻһɢźɫӰߵĿӳ֡
Ϣޱȿɲֻһһ֮䣬Ƭǿն֮
ɴʱȴһӰһ࣬ͷ­ʹ
˵
Ӱϧһ֣Ƶģֱġ
ѳںڰ磬չڡزؽƽѾ䳼
룬װ쳹
ϵˡ
Ӱһ˿
ԥһ£˵ϣͨزؽųϢҪǰݼ
ݼ
ִӰ˵ƬǿնȻǳҡΡ
ӻӲǣɼͷѾ亹
ȴӰĬƬ̣һпǿձ˰һѣԼǿˣ
пЦڰ磬Ҳֻϸƺˡ
ϵıԡ
һ֣
˹ҲĿ˵ĵز
ʵϣֹڰ磬ǿչŵϣҲûϵķۡ
ֽ˵ǰǣžԵԸԵĵ̣
񣬿ӻǵã˵һ仰
֮أѹһǡ
ԵУһ˿
ڿӿ£ŽУ֮ˣ޿ϱȼߣ
ǵãеݷã۵ֻ˵ԣԲ棬С۸ߵ͡
һ仰λŭӣȥ
Ϲ˵ǰǿձ˰ˡ
ӰȻ
һ̲סѵϣ˽֪۵ִͨǿձ˰·ѱ¶Ͼˡ
Ӱ
ӿЦۺεĿܿ׾ӵƴǣ
ȥɣʱˣԻȥϹһġ
Ӱֵ
ӵͷȥ
һӰ½Ŀ⿴Ѱ뿪ķૣ
ʦһ׮컯㣬ҵҪڰ磬ķˡ
ãӰϢؽɢ

ڰ硣
ԹűС֮ء֮򡱵ȳƺţ֪ٶӯаħڴˡ
ûйأҪȥҪôӲҪôʵǿ
йغڰĴ˵кܶܶ࣬ɱ¾Ѫȡйء
ڰ置ޱȹ󣬷ʮ磬֮㣬ȺʮݶѶá
ʳǡ
λںڰ硰ʮ֮һġڣĳǳأںʤ
ʳǺƾɣһЩǽ̮нٵÿ

ںڰ磬ÿһ춼֪жѪɱ¾սʱನκγǳض޷Ӵ̫á
ʳǿƾɣܹӴ浽ڣѾܲס
粻һʳѰǳأûĸܹõذռȥ꣬ʳǲŸջµĳ
һγǱεĳˡɱ
ǰ׷һǧ꣬ʳѾ½һʮλÿһλڷ
ںڰҲżʡ
ںڰ磬ռһ֮أǿγӶܹѪȶĺڰиõȥ
ǵģһжΪ棡
һ˵ʵվ̫ΨӵԼܹԼںڰøһЩ
ʮ֡
ѰӰڴʳ⡣
ҹҪˣʳ⣬ֻɢɢһЩӰ
ѣĺܣ֪ʲôҪæ𣿡
һɫڣýĺѰѡ
ܰʲôѰƳ˶Էһۡ
ЦֻҪǮ㣬ԡ
ѰҳէҪøһЩҸһЩʲô׼Ҫõġ
˵ţһ˹ȥ
򿪴һЦȳѣֻ˵Ҷˣէ£µʲôûŪأûˣóǸˡ
ѰƳһۣϣҲһЩ
һݣЦѷģܺƵʱҶϲһЩ¡
´һ˵׷Σյĵط㽻̸Ʋǰ
˵ţѳԶʳȥ
Ѱڱȥ
ȷҪһͷ˽һЩ飬ǰǣͷòֵ̫


2068 ڰĹ
Ļ߽پߡ
ڹŻ̤㳤;ߣѾڷɳưһ
ֻǣʳǣĻһСɫ򲻿ܳȥ⡣
ƾɵĳ⣬ɫ֮ɫ
Ӵˣ
һƺĻϤЦŵ٩
һĿ⿴ѰӲǧ
Ļһͣѣ˵һνҪɵķã˱ȡһöƣԺʳǡ
ѰŶһֽһ׳
һ£Ļһû뵽Ѱʹóһʾ޿
⣿Ѱ
ĻЦû⡣
ȥһһͭɵƵݸѰ
׭һͷͼڣױϡ
ѰУƼֱֱɲֶƳ
Ѱûж˵ʲôէΪǧʹ󶯸ɸꡣ
ѣ롣
ĻѰȥ
һ°ͣĻһƺסһ򰡡
һ˳ִܹڰģûһѰɫǾһسŵĽɫûǱˣšѾܲˡ
ͬưܲһЩ̮ĽϣҰݣֵ˺ܶ࣬ɼ¥ƣ粢ûʲô
һ·ϣĻɿ촫Ĵʳǳǡˡһλݲӣž۴ʥΪںҲһ
ѰĬţû̫⡣
˵Ǿ۴ʥǾʥ׼ۣ벻Ѱۡ
ĻѰԴ˲Ȥһתѣܷðһ䣬ǰʳΪʲô
Ѱڵˡ
ĻһʶȤûٶʣ˵ڳоסÿһǧ
ȻҲѡȥΪЧͣ䵱µĻھɼġֻ֮Ҫ£һֱڳסȥ
ѰȻҪסڳУ˶ི
Ļ̾סڳУܵõıӻصĳʲô⣬ڳ⣬ɱˣûʬ
ѰʱȻףΪ档
ֹڴʳǣ⺮ǳأҲˣҪ棬ͱ븶ӦĴۡ
ĻǺڰ淨򡣡
̸ʱǰֵϺȻһУţһЦ
Ѱüͷ
һ˲䣬ʶͿǰֵϣһӻӶһӲӵޣڳһŮӡ
ŮӲŴƣͷɢڵ˻ҽУԭϣѪܵı޺ۡ
űײ֮ӻӶʱܣͣһ̢߱Ůӣһ俪ڣˣ㾿Ӳӣ
˰ɣܹΪٳС檣Īĸ֡
Ǿǡ
Χۣ壬ɫֻпܡϷʡ̺͵Įûκһ˿
ŮһϢѪܵġ
Ļһֲֵģ˵㿴ٳӣж٣Ƣܲá
Ѱ䣬û˵
ĻѵѣէǧסҪ£ŮӿſҪסǺڰ硣
ˣץȥҪ̵÷ҿ³Ƴ
ٳ´
Ǹ۵Ů뿪
ҲǴʱһֱĬѰʵ˵֮ˣԻܵӻ״û˹𣿡
ĻɫŹ֣ѣλٳеĹأ˵㡣
ѰȻիλĻ
ڰĹأûйأ
˭ǿ˭Ļǹأ
ûãĻѰ˳һƲĵǰѣէɫڴЪϢһٴǰǼǡ
ǼǣѰ
ԣڳоסֹҪÿһǧŵ޷ҲҪɷõģȻҽǰЧܽʡܴһʿ֧
Ļ˵ţѰ߽˵
У¾ɲƣ鲼һȼգɢ
һȺӰŮ٣ÿһϽɢ޵ѪϢ
ĻѰ߽ʱһĿⶢϡ
һɳƳĻһֻһˣ
һ˿
ĻɫʱòҰףҲһʱ䣬ǰʳǵԽԽˣܲ
ĿһĿⶢѰϣ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫĻ㾿λѹʲôԻҩ˳ؾĹ
ҲЦѰĿζ
ѰɫȻƻȻŴӽ󣬾ʹԼ߿Ļô£
̲סЦһﾹڻûӦòᡭǵһǰڰĳ
ҲźЦ
ѰûᣬֻǿĻ߻һڣ̲סЩգ׳գ㻹ô£Ǻڰ磡ĸ㣬׵ؾűˣ
Ѱܲ
ĻЦмһˡ
ߵˣէϷ̽㣬ڰ档
˶٣һϱͳͳа񣬵ڶ֤Լļֵûõķֻһǹء
һŮӽЦС磬ھͿıˡ
ĿⶼѰâ˸
Ҳ֮
ԭǹذ
Ѱ̾
ƽһ־ݺݺڿߵͷʱǰڣڱѪһɵ
һ˲ɫȻš
ûг֣ƾһ仰ͽȫѹкεȿֲΪܰ쵽
ĻΨһһû˵ģֻǵһĻʱ˶ǡ
뵽ڳƭһˣһز¶Ŀֲڣ
ǰ
ͨĻֱӹ򵹣һߺݺݳԼգһ߰󣬡С飬ģСһ
ѰĮϲ˵ˣܲ
飡
ĻһϢɵڵأѱ顣
ٿˣ֮ǰǻΪסһͷ޿֣ȴһŵ
Ѱԣ£һƤƺ«һãһ˵
˽һЩ飬Թϣұһ
ͷһһ˳ʵ¶ľĿ
ڽǵȷûѰʧѰʲôᱻȿֺػش
ȻѰʵ⣬ǺͺڰйصһЩ̸ʲô⡣
ˣǱֲ
һ⣬Ѱ˵ͷ
˽Ծһ̲סʵǰǡҵǷѾ뿪ˣ
ð·
Ѱ˻һһɫױˡ


2069 ʮ
ǰòǿЦɡ
ǿЦ
Ǻڰ磬ĸ㣬׵ؾűˣ
֮ǰĻ˵ĻֻѰ˿˵
ߣ
˱𣬳ȥ
ֻڰ;ǵ縯Ŀľ㣬ɻƮһգľ֮
ԣܣӳյѰ忡ӹӰƤƺ«ͷ
֮ǰǿ֮ϣýͨأõģľ塣
Ҳ֪ʲôʱҡ
죬Ѱһ̾
ʱԽԽصİΣӮİգĿֱҲûѶ
ճΣ
أһ
ͼһ۵Ӹڱҡֻ߽Ѱһʱһ
ڵصĻʱɫȻһ䣬תߡ
ɾһ˲һɿֲѹȶ类޷һָ
ɫã¶η˳֮ɫ˳ʥ˼䣬ԩ޳𣬻̧֡
ѰûʵʲôҪʵ
ԳƼĻӷɿǳ涨սɵӣһսɵġ
սɵ
æԣ¸ɵǴҽչ涨ÿ죬Ҫһŵ
ѰһҽᣬʮǿоڵãЩǿÿһʱ䣬ҪϹ
˿ʳǳˡ湻ڵġ
˳ǣֹҪɽǷãסлҪÿսһǧҪõӻΪЧ
˲̰ȥÿ湻ġ
Ѱ˼ֲóλ˶ۺ촹ѣ˭ܰռһǣ˭͵ƿԴԴϵĲ·
һЦ֪ÿһµճɣҪȥɣԼеĲƸࡣ
Ѱü˭
ʮ֮һġ
˵⣬ʶʲô̲סĪǡǵһǰڰ磿
Ѱδ
һȻ˵ɫ
ֵ˳ˡ
磬ǿѹͷߣڰ磬˼ɵķǡĽɫ
ڵͷߡҪǿ߱ӻĽɫֵһɹ
ҲϲĸԸؽܳĲ̰
񻱲ĻˣĽɫ׶ǿҪڳУҲҪϹġ
Ѱ˵˵
ʱ򣬼ԵޱȳǽԼ֪һȫ˵̬ȼǫ
˵һλĵ۾µƿһǳء
˭ռһǳأÿһ£ҪϹ򣬾ͻᱻµ
ںʮУֻĩβ̸ǿҲһܹǡ
˽ЩѰʵΪβԼÿǳصĳ
˵֪ڰ缫䶯ͻңÿ춼֪Ѫɱ¾µǿҲȥƹÿһǳص̫ķ
Ѱ׹
ѰһЩ⣬֪޲ԣ޲
磬һչڵһλ̫ϳϣšħۡ
ʮеˣϢ
Ѱ׾Ʋӣʮ֮ϣһչڣ
֮չڲǺġ̫ϻʡ
ڰ磬ʮ磬չڵԶֹֻƿһǰ򵥡
ʵϣչڡزؽ硢ͭȸ¥ڰͷʮÿ䡣
Ѱ뵽ǳأÿһҪϹ
ʮ϶ҪչϹ˲̰Ȼչڣ
⣬ֻһ
ȻڰԶֹ򵥣ƬĽޱȹ󣬳˺ڰͷɷɽիĶ
ȻѣҲ²ⲻ϶һıȡһ֮λãӦò£ıȨĳǿ԰һЩæ
̸ͨѰէġ䲻Ѱ
ѰЦЦòߥȥɱʳǵˣ
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ѰȻ㲻̽ҶЩȤʱ뿪
ЩʧһͷѰɱȣƲһ֮ءҲǿġ
Ѱ´ȥˣ˲ңҲˡ
ظ㣬ʹӦ
ֱ֪ʱһ
ĿͼҴ뿪Ѱϣ㡭ôһЩ

ʳǡ
ҹɫīռؼĳڣƻͨ
һ̻Ի͵ĵУһȺŮ裬͸ɴȹڣѩ˵ʱɢޱȵջ
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ģһӣһͷī̳һɫͫżֳâ
УһŴƣ֬Ửľɫſǣ촽룬¶ڿеѩ׼߰͹£Ȼʮ㡣
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˶ʱüͷһ壬õҹ
ɿǴʳǽһʵɲĹ
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˲ͷȳ⡣
ˤڵϵ˺ʹһԻһ£æ뿪
ûãʣ˺ͼˡ
̾ұüƭȥᡮǡ֮λ˭룬Ǽһﾹǲϵ
ǳ˵ͷһʱ䣬ΪһȻĵ˺ͶԷֱ˺֡
˳˲СĿһҲǳȥ
˵һĲ
˵òΪǼһܹܡ򡯰ɣ
򣬾ǳĴºš
Ϊǿ϶
˵ҿܽǼһ£˵ǻ򣬾ǽССʮǳȫ̲Ҳ¡
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ŵ˫۾ɴӲῴˣѵõǣǼһǸյִڰ磬κӪԺڰҲϤǣԺǵĿֻССĴʳڣ
˶ʱΪĶ


2070 ǱƵ
˵⵹һᡣ
˼ҵģһô죿
һܹĹһƿزãǻԷ٣
˵ģҿǼһĴԶ־Զ󣬺Щ˲һ԰ռǳأȤǾһֱ¶ǲܵ顣
üȻˣʲô취ǣ
֮Ͷãǰڰ磬ͼıֻǡǵͣ޷ﵽʲôæԣֻ֮ˡ
̲ס
һҧ˵һ
˶ʱɫһУһô죿
䳤̾㹻ĴۣܲȡĻرһΣ벻ȫƾϡ
ɫ粻ãһ䣬ҿԴӦ£ǳʲô⣬ʣ
˵ͷ
һ硣
Ҫȥ
ѰŹ˳Լߵļ䣬¶֮ɫ
û뵽һﾹе
乧ѣʵһȥ󣬾͸߳ˣܽĸ£϶԰ѸԳӦ۵ʲôֻҪģͳͳӦ
Եޱ̹ϡ
ѰŶһô˵䵱˵͵ģ
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Ѱòϣ俴ֻһʥˣڲȴޱ˵ãһ˵Щˡ
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ѰǼΪ£Լڳһ
ʵǱпе۱
һЦҡͷѣʥҲңڵ۱Ŀһܹ֮Ⱦָģ
˵ı޵۱ҲһЩصıڲ֪;һֱУбеõϵġ
Ѱ룬ʹӦ
ϱڶ࣬ЩѹεսƷ㹻֧ŵ֤Ϊ۵ʱ
ͬҲȱһЩ
ĴľеĲࡢľǻɳ̫һˮȵȡ
ѰӦʱ¶ظϲ֮ɫ


Դʳе޵߶ԣݻҲȫĵط䱸ɭϡ
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Ϊ׵ģһϮۣݿˣɫͫ˸źεɱ
ɫ䣬УǺ⣿
ѰɫȻۿš
ͼ¶Ц䣬Ҷ꣬һǶıĹұΪұۣʱ䣬ɺܲʵ
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Ҳܴϻۣѵõǣڰ磬ˣ̫ѵˡ
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ҲЩ˶ͽߣ֮ŮþһǻѪֻϣһ죬ҲˣܹѪȶĺڰУԿԼ
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ҵ֪ʱ֮꣬ûжСֻ飬棬ҡ
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Ц㲻ܷϣⷽĺЧ˶ˣΪһСˣһҶĵ£ѡ˱ѣĻʲôĿԣ
常ͽϻιİǣɱ˱ǣ
ɫ͵һ
ž
һǽѪܵĽ˦ڰգըķѣѪ
ѪȵһĻ̼ͷŭ֮ļͬһ㣬˹ĴУ

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Ѱһֱû˵Ĭʯ
һĻʱüͷ΢΢һ£Ҳˡ
ѾһǱˣ̸ж⣬ڴӦǰʱⷽĿǡ
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ֻЩ
нŮӣѾˣʬɱ˴򱬣ֶѲֹǲ̣ɥ


2071 ɽ
еļ䣬ܿѹ
Ͼһںڰġˡסĵһ¾ѰǸ
ԴǳʹȻѣұΪ˴μƻ˳Уȴû뵽齫ƾͼƿһΣҡಫΪȡһ·
Ѱ޶ԣֻƳһۣȻḶеĴ۵ġ
ɫһͣ𲻶һҧĿ⿴ԶˣԣҪɱҪУϤ㣬ܷܲλ뿪
ƤЦⲻЦá𣿡
ҲЦ
Ǽĳֻƴˡ
һĿ⿴ŽѻһѪȵѪ⣬૵Ҳã벻ڰˡ
ٴȣ䣬ټ̬˭֪ƶˣɣ˵ʲôҲһ
ĿƳѰλѣóҲǱͽƻˣźǣһΣҲֻܺͼһˡ

һ֣ǣ
䣡
ƬضΧܵһǿߺԥˣÿһ죬ɢѪϢ
Щµɽڰս꣬ɱѪȡ
һ޵УһȺɷ
ɱ
ĿܸľͼɢɲԣѪڣһ¡
УһѪսìӳһɨ
䣡
ƥѪϯŭΣȳǰǿߣܣͱѪɫսìûҷ
϶Ҳͻ۴ʥˡصĺ
ԶͫһʶΪθѡѣԭΪͻơ
ѣߣĳΪ㿪·
Уȣɱƾ춯أһѪɫսì䣬ݿɱһһ֡
¡
ң︲ǵؽ󶼾Ƴܲסǵȿֲܵĳ
ߣûţ
ٴһȺǿѳѰɱڡ
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ȳһȺצ
ĺܿЦ
һֱ翴ͰѰڴ˿̾һȻʶһ¡
ԴӽڰΪĴһЩǣҲΪǳʲô粨Լ񡭡̫͵Щ
˼ʱɱ
ֻǣѰվûεӰ̸°ϵһɣȻ
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ͼǳУһӰ类ĴƵģȫ飬ķѡ
ԶԶһһѪȵȼųһһŵѪɫ̻ɺ죬Ĳ
У֮⣬˵޲еΨŨѪ
һ˲Ѫȣ
⣬ֻѰһֵܡ
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ڵصâһѹǰ˴ˣСٲҲʳǳµһЩսԺСĹϵĪ棬֪СˡǰԣҲһ鷳
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أ䱩ȥѪɫսì˺ݺݴȥ
˸Ҫܣֻһһεν޷ֺ
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Ѱ䣺û뵽
ͷȻӿԤС
ͼѰ˵ΪҪǶо߽Ӧòѣƫƫûô
ʱѰۿĴϣٺ޹˼ɵر̢Ѹ˴Ľ
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ƭǰ϶ͶĴ¼ɵˣϲһˣıڡ
˵Ϊҵĳ֣˶¼ɣǰĶ
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Ѱһû˵꣬ɫɷף亹졣
ɫҵɬǰ˵ĲЩȷСϵᷢģɡҲΪ˸ŮǰҲˣŮǻŰɱ󻹱ʬֱ˷ָ
Ѱ˵ˣǰûôȫһɡ
ӲͷƤΪ˸ŮҡĻеȥǰ
ΪǸŮ𡣡
ѰɫĮһߣʱʳǾͽƿء
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赶ɱˣһٶã߱ڹֶΪ
ڵأɪɪɫ価ǻţǰСûִ˼ҿԶ췢ģ
кã
ѰЩп±ƿصĽҲ


2072 ؽϻ
ɡ
Ẕ̌ڵصļ䣬ѰһͨŻȥ
㶰죬òŻعƵģʶԼʱˣ
ʱֻ罬ѱ͸ȴһֽٺҡ
ѰӰʧһŻ
ԥȥ
ӣ˵ٷˣ
ֻǣЩ㱣ΪΡµĲˣŹԼˣ
˵ı⣬λһСؾУʮɷΧɺôҲһؾ
˵ģǶѻŵһСɽƵĵӲӷ⣬Թ㣬аǧ֮࣡
֮ʯ֮ɸΪܹʥǿߵ衣
Ծ׼۶ԣô
ɵԼĪǧŵѻʱǵһĻҲѰ۽磬񣬼֮Ҳǵһμô
һӣһѻСɽͱѰ
ΪβЩսﱦУǶѷ
Ѱʡ
˳Զļæǰ֪ڰ̫ƵƵɱٱҲǵģȫϣһѣ˵ˡ
ڱеĻˣҲӺ׽̳֮У˸ˡ
ѰŶһ
ؾУǾĵͭеҩ֮
ʥԣЩԿϡֻǶѰ˵Ѿ
ЩѰѰ
ǰ
һģؾλãһŵһɢһƹꡣ
һ⼣߲ͭϻƿ棬ֶ
ѰǰͼͭϻޱȹϣϢ׭һĵͼɽӣ㣬˼룬쾭γ
ֻһڽϻѰľһֳɽã֮С
ϸǽϻϵĵͼʱܵһļµĻɬϢ
ȥʱ˻ɱһγ󣬴ѵһڽϻ˭е޺Ͳ
һ˵źǣ⽣ϻȴǿյġ
յģ
Ѱһִ̧򿪽ϻ
ȻڿտյʲôҲûС
ϻֱޱȳأֱһɽʶ̽иӦȴֻܸܵļµĻɬϢ
ٿϻײϹ׭һķţһֻŵͫףһһڣĺܡ
ݷѰ˿еҶӺȻڣԡ
ৣ
ϢأҶ뽣ϻУûãѰ㽫ϻϡ
ѰʱʶҶӦǷʲô
ϻϣڣ˭룬ϻһεĲ޷սȥ
Ѱӷɫ
Щѹٵ۱սȿֲС
ڣȴ޷һصĽϻѰʶ󲻼򵥣
Ҷӳʱ֪ܵһЩ⽣ϻİء
Ѱа
ѰʮɷԲؾڵߣȴûѰҵʲô۵ı
һҲǣ˲ֻһ۴ʥܹ°ǧԼģѾܲˡ
ûٵ飬Ѱؾȥ
æϡ
һ̵ĸһĹĹûʲô


һ̻Ի͵ĵУԭˣֻڣѰռˡ
ѰǣڵӽǴ˳֮
ס
ܹһеһڣѰҪʳǳֱζеš
ѰԹԵڵˣ뿪ǰҲϣٷʲô鷳ˣף
Ƭ̣ڸȷţһжģ
ԥʹӦǰģСıػὫԲǰ֮
ûмֵˣ޷ںڰȥ
թƶˣõĺãһѵõ˲ţòãһҪĶߡ
ѰԣǼļֵҲΪˡԷԭ
˵ûз֮ǰʱ뿪ʳǡ
Ȼ뿪ʱѰҲϲκͣ
Ԩ
ѰȻ
ʱԱԵúĪ
ֻ¶һջŭŵЦݣԭǵԨǰԨ󣬺ְ
䲻֪ѰĵţѰҲ͡
Ѱ𣬴ʳڵ޵߾ͻ֪Ԩ֡
ֻҪǰ϶֪ʳǵġԨ˭

һ硣
˱ɱ飬ʹ˴ʳǣû̫ĺ䶯ΪЩ̫Ƶˡ
ҲȥŶó֮λɱˣ֡
һЩϢۡ
磬γǼ䣬һ׷սĺݽɫǶıơ
һҹʱ䣬Ѫ󣬽µƿأûгκζ
磬ɱ˵ģһСԨĺݽɫڼЧ
Ҳóе޵߶Լηͼɵˡ
ǿܹɱ˵ĺˣ£֪ε֮
ȻʵֻмԼ֪һ̨ǰܰĽɫˡ
֮һ쿪ʼʳǻ³Ԩ֣Ѿǽ֪
ѰԴ˲⡣
ץʱδûзأʶŮǵĿ¡
±ƿأµѾˣ룬Ѱ֪öԷ֪Լںڰ磬϶һʱ
ҲΪѰڵִʳǺ󣬻ǰ͵ԭϵһϢ
ֵ͵˶ϣ˵Ž赶ɱˣӶһķ粨
ҲѰʶڰǺεնͶҪڴ㣬㲻£Ҳܻ벻鷳ֻš
Ϊϣ׼֮вСľ룬ȻʱڣսۻڣǿҼսд裬ĥ
ˣӦ÷ϣ۳ʶ͵еĴԽ࣬ҵԽ
Ѱһ߾޴һ˼⡣
ʱõǱ
Ҳֻбɱ䣬ôŲɱ䡣
ףһеĸ
ţ
ȻѰһһͭϻһ˿Ѱʱֹͣϻ򿪡
ಣ
ҶӵӰŝλðĽ꣬Ӳӣӳյԡ
Ѱһʱһ첻ҶӵϢǰǿʢһЩ
仯Сѿƾˣ
ѵһڽϻԵʣ
ѰԺðͷȻҶ˵Ѱ⽣ϻһ㶼򵥡
дһ˿ϲɫ
ڲսʱҶһƽͰȻһ벻ĺ£Ż㼤
Ѱڣ˵⽣ϻڣǬ


2073 ħԨ
ҶӰ಻סϲãƲⲻ⽣ϻӦñ硯ϻأʲôУһɹ硣
һ磬Ͻܻһһľɽ󣬽ӡڽУ
⣬ѰҲݣƺͽ񡣡
Ҷͷԣ˽һе֣⽣磬һ磬֮ͬǣһڵġ
˵⣬пܹһڽϻ֮һ磬ֶΣ¶Ѱ쵽
Ѱͫһ涼Ѱ쵽
ɺܲ˼飡
۾ӵлٵһܣҪһ磬ȴ֮ѣ֪ܹƿģֱͬˡ
Ҷӵ⽣رƺרΪ٣ҲֻĽ飬ܽУǽ֮еĽ򡣡
ѰʶΪ⽣ϻк󣬻ᱻһֱԭͲ޵ܶõġ
УֹһָƵٶȼӿ죬һܹ򵽸ΪĽ򡭡
ҶԵú˷ܡ
ѰҲеˡ
ȱ鹭֮жУʶƾ۱ָԪΨΨҶʧȥԼǣ޷ô
ڣɭ޽ĽϻҶӾͬӵһɹеĶٲǰǰ㣬ֻܶԼķ˿֮䡣
ҶЩ˼Ѱ⽣ϻڲһ磬޷Ժֻܿˡ
кѣСһ׮
ѰЦ
Ҷӽ뽣ϻС
Ժһʱڰһϻеľˡ


ǰˡ
ҴҶڴ
ڳƺѰǰԽԽ˳ˡ
óѰ޵ߵĹԣʵ֮ᣬڼ俴ƺԷǰҲȻ顣
·ϣΪ
˺£
УѰӴ
˵˱ɱϢ󣬾ǴʳǾǧ֮ǳ򣬴һڵɽɱˡ
ɫƽš
һݽɫ˻ܣȶԣηǰλùֵĵԨǰ
޿ɣǿ϶̲ʳǣ
˵⣬¶Ϊ֮ɫԡСֻ鷳ǰˡ
Ѱ̾˿
Ű죬鷳ˡ
ߡ
Ѱ𣬳ȥ
ʱһһֻϹƵĶӾಽظȥȵòˡ

⡣
ɱһӰգɢɷ֮ضʧɫ
Ϊ׵ģһģ꣬һϮۣȡ
˭벻ǳš򡱳ƺŵһλ۴ʥ
ס̽һǼĵϸһԾ̾ߡ
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˵˵϶ǽƻļѲϵǸʲôƨԨļһԾǼĻӣΪ˶Ŀ
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ˡ
˳
ͼԶտյĳϿգһ׿ȻӰƾո֣󱳸һڽϻס
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һĻͫһƤݺһ£Ȼʶƺ´ˡ
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䣬ǳ˵㵱ʳǳء
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ȴͲᣬǵü˳۵һ࣬ĵ
ǰмļһ򣬱Ƶģʵĳ˫ȾѪȣƺžɴ˶
һĻһɡ
ǰϺ꣬ˣʲôıƣȻȥһΪǰҪ𣿡
һ˴Ц
ҲЦˣһЦһ˵ĹоͲЩһûһЩȱſµʱ򣬿϶ܹ񫡣
Ѱȥԣʱ˷Щɫϣȫ㡣
ԣúôǣſ죬׼̽һʱѰͳˡ
ƾһӡ
ŹעƵ޵ߣֻǰһʹ·𿴵貽꣬¡
ۣ
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Ѱתȥ̫ոݽ棬кκγɾ͸Уֻһָо
ġ
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ûãȲشһȺˣɱڵسǵķһ·ҳ
һ죬һ˱ݣ꾭ӪѹεĲƸȫɨһա
һ죬ħԨƺŲֶߣ˳һɵ˸ǳС
һʱ䣬֪ٻȻ
֮䣬Ǭ
ħԨһս̸֪ۣںڰ縡һЩ׶ˣж𵴲ѡ
Ҳһ쿪ʼǿߴ˷ӿʳǣһʱ䣬õ۵ƾɳǳأȫµ
ѰһսӰ
ڰ̫ѪȺɱ¾췢ǿΪ棬ֻѡĳǳУԵõıӻ
Ȼᱻ̰ɱϾ԰ȫһЩҲ⶯лøһЩ
Ѱĳ֣ԼչֳĿɲսõôʳһҲ޵еġ֮ء׷ǰͶ
ԴˣϵĳЦúϲ£죬ÿһ޵Ͷ͵ڶһԴԴϵĲԴĿܲˣ
һıҲȱʵġˡԳݳƶ򣬴ʳٲȻֳһٵľ
ЩѰĹʣҲùʡ
㲻һֱ
Ƿ֣սĲƸԴԴϵر࣬ѩƵԽԽ
ȻЩƸ󣬴붼ѰĿڴ
ֻ֤ĴʳǵȷúһˣǶıֲȱֶεĳȷֵú㡣
бףʳǵ۱֣ǿǰͶҲˣƬеǳ֮ļɵͲ



2074 ˵ĹƷ
µĴʳǷͷҳڶԡħԨɵеĳǳ֮ѡ̡
䣡
վǿʳĺڰ磬磬Խ۵ĽɫԽ⡣
µĴʳǣ䱻ǽħԨͼռɴ˳ǱϾںµڶǳ֮һǰµһЩɽĹϵɺõúܡ
òЩ˵ϿɣʲôħԨʲô䣬ڱQԽʱԽң
һλƶϡ
Űɣٹ£һһϹʱˣʱµսȻǰʳǣսɲ˵׼ǽħԨͷʱ򣡡
Ц
𡭡һ̡

粻һڰĵޱȣȺɴ磬ȴݽ֮ء
ؼϡҵֲеɽҲɽˮ
֮Ũޱȣɽصɼĺ磬ڰһ߲ƶ֮ء
ټϺڰޱȶһСӴ治̫á
ʳǣǧʱ䣬ͻһٶλ
ҲֻһЩȻܹںڰӴʱԶһЩ
ڰͷÿһĵ֮ϣȥͥʮս
ڰУԳֳһֳϦף˭Ҳ˵׼ʲôʱͻᱻ
ʶѰǡħԨĴºһʱȵԵúۡ
ɶڰ˶ԣͬҲʱΣգ
ء
ɳŰؼ䣬ʳ⣬ɽããɷԼԼгѪ
ѰȻһˣڳͷϣžƺ«ơ
Ѿǰڰĵڶʮ죬ûܵȵء
һսһ
Ѱ²
أǣʵѴﵽ׵ĵزɱ۾ɱǿò
֮սǵ۾ﶼ޷ԤУ
ǰԭ
ԶӶɫ˳
£
ѰûлͷΪɱͶ̫࣬ڰؼ䣬ŵľɷޱȶӡ
ǳ⣬ɽ֮䣬ɷŨ˵Уʱ䳤ˣǶۡ
ѰĻ˵һ仰ڰӲǷϢ֮أһݽ棬ѪȺɱֹ
ǱƵͶ·ûԸǰڰ硣
ʵϣҲȷˣֻƾ˭ܹƿظĵ˭ܱøǿøá
ٹ죬µλսҪսɹƷˡ
ѰҲ֪µƿźһųǣÿ£Щǳ֮ҪɹƷ
νƷÿǳÿսɵĲƸɣ
ʳǣǺƿصڶǳ֮һ
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Ǿ͸ǡѰ벻⡣
ڰ磬ûȥ˼ܱ鷳ʱ⸶һЩۡ
һѹǰǵĿǰƿ˸еǳأ˴ʳǡǡгǡǳǡ
ЩǳƿصС͵ɽһЩ̲ظֿʯϵĿҲѱռݡ
СĹһ£ÿսŵĿһµĻǧٳһп֧ǧҡ
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ʵϣ֪Ϣڵ֪󣬱гǺǳǵĳЮŲƸǶӡ
ҲǼܹǰ׵̵̲ԭ֮һ
ֻǣѰû뵽ֻƿǳأֻһսɵĵܴﵽ˵ţ
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Ѱ۽Ϊ֪ĿʱжһԾ
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Ī뿴ȥͺŸɣ
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ʱֱð亹æҡͷСңСı֤ǰ˼¡
ͨ£üкȻеһԻ
ԳƵԨˣʵǰɲȴһ㱧ûС
ӵֲսǿߣæȥ׬ȡˣΪ޷ǱøǿԼںڰܹøá
ԨֱĹһҰĶûУ
Ե̫Źˡ
գֻ뵽һֿܣǾǶԷҪôиͼıҪôǸͲЩȥĵ
һֿܣüԽԽеľҲؾηͼɵѰ
Լʵʵص
ʱ䣬ָ
µɽܼʱˡ
һò꣬۽絶ɺ磬ɽӽһ»ۣ
߽׼ؾΪ
ѵȺڴʳļ䣬ߵӰʱʱ¶ޱȳǫЦݣӭȥ
Сļ䣬ݼλˣ
ž
䣬㱻һƳɳȥպףڱѪǱˤϡ
ɽӽɫˣ˵ɱˣ
źգɫ粻
û뵽Ÿռ棬ͱ˺سһƣּ򵥴ֱֶΣеһǰδеζ
һͷ˵ˣ˱ģڱԶ֣սɹƷģעһ·ִ硣
ɽӽâһҪ֣ͱԱߵס
һСɫαضŭ
ЦеοѾˣڰ磬˿ûκμֵˡ
˶٣Լ˵Ʒ׼ˣ
ͷ׼ˣʡСĳǣǧ
óһֶεĽɫֻЩԶԶ
ʱᣬСĻλ׼һЩ񣬾͵λ˹Ŀء
ЦŤͷɽӽ˵ƣһһˣ˿ǿˡ
һֻͣ̾ǣЩ
һǿЦˣνϸˮԺСĽӪˣ϶ϽĹƷȻҲٲλĺô
ͼɽӽ͵ߵ䣬֪ǰʱѾҪˣھּۻۣŲűڱɱ㣿
ǵصɱɽӽɢѹȵüһϣ׹ߡ
ͬʱЦпڣɣ㻹ķݶϣֻҪϽһڵҶ˱㲻׷ɱ˵飬Σ
һڣ
Ķˡ


2075 ǡԳ
κѰɼģѻһɽʱֵ֮󣬾κ޵߶ġ
ȱһޱȸ߰ĻңһʺʥԴ
ҲõļֵԶѰʯɱȡ
һʥܹӵѿ۲ˡ
Ȼ׼۾ڣӵǧҲƵǼҵۻ룬Ƹˡ
һڵ
֣õ۾ﶼѺۺ죡
ڣɽӽҪһڵѾսɹƷǰ򵥣ֱҪѼƣ
˰죬ŵڣλˣһڵɲСĿСġСġ
ž
û꣬ɽӽ֣һڼϣ˶ɳȥպףڱѪ
޵ڹһĻʱµλ׼ֱۣ̫Եˣ
˻ɣǸͲսɹƷģǴҼ鷳ȥ˸ģ
ڣ·ѡһһڵǰ飬ҵȼ̡
ɽӽɫư䣬
Լ࣬ȴɱ硣
Աߵ̾Ϣ䣬ǿҲǰǴ˰£ɲҪ̫ˣˣվͻµĳǴǳء
һǿ԰סĵķŭӵ
λˣܷ񡭡СһЩʱﱸһ£Ͼ治һСĿ
ʱЦԵޱȴ飺ԣȥɣһڣǾҪ뿪ϣʱ㲻Ҫʧ
ɽӽһ£˵ʳУһʲôħԨģǱֵúۣΪһӭӣѵǿ𣿡
һæЦλϢŭԨǰڱչصĽҪͷʵǷ

ɽӽһ䣬ôļӣȻˣȥһ
͸ŨŨвͲ
⡭
ɫ粻
ڳƣܵĳ̣ϾҪںڰȥõͷʱʲôϺ͹׵Ժ
ɼȴΪ£ȥѰ
ߣ
ԥ̬ȣɽӽɫ䣬ҿǲˣ
֣Ҫȥ䡣
ڴʱһȻȻ𣺡¡
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һʱѰнסһڣվǾλˡ
ͬʱҲоһΣ㲻š
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ǿǺµλ׼۾ս֮ߣս֮ǿκƬĺݲη嵨
ڣλԨǰȴ˵ҪöԷ£
ֱð亹
ɽһĻȴ״ǣĿࡣ
Ϊǡ¡ʱƾеɽӽֲѹݺ׹䣬ڵϡ
Ǳ˫ϥֱӱѣѪŽһڵأ
飡飡
죬ҵõ涼ݡ
ٿУ֮ǰưɽӽڵأʳǳ֮⡣
⣬ֻһܡ
֣£͵ù£
Գ
ţ۾һƲסλԨǰͲʥһ׼ۣ
ҡһ׼ɱȣ
ڣ࿴һĻǿߴ˿ҲǣĽԱ𺳡
ѻȸķΧУѰǾεӰڳͷ֮ϣƮҷڷȻɡ
Źڵصλ׼ۣžϽٹƷԲһ飬ýģһҲ࣬Ѿƻ˹ء
ϣɽӽɫ࣬Ǿŭǻ̿֡
ƾһܣ׽ѹǻףߵ壿
ٷϻɱҶˣ
ɽӽҧĿ־壬Ҳʮ㣬ǾƿصĵϣŶԷɱǡ
ϧνġסˣѰвͨ
飡
һ죬ɽӽڵص峹̱ڵϣ촷ۣ۾ùԲš
ס
ѰɫȻͷ·ɱĲһ׼ؾڣһֵֻһϡ
赭дһĻ̼סгǰϢŭǰϢŭС֪
ͷҵأĶޱߵĿ־û
ǧͷһںƿصĵϣһɵĺˡ
̫£
ˣҪۡ
Ѱ˵˵ɣ˭鷳ģǧңĵ۾ȥΪһ˱𡣡
ɫãȻСģ˹ƻ󣬲ŻɽӽһѣĿĵΪ˱𣬶Ǵѹһǵ桭
ԭɽӽǰʱһЩһͳġôΪϣ˵֣ѹѰͼ䡣
ԭڣѰͼٶ̫죬ŵҲ̫Ѹͣв̾Ƭеǳصĳ
˽ЩѰ֣ɼŭðȻˣҾ֪û򵥣ô˵ˡͲ֪˵Ϊ
ͷĬˡ
Ǯƣֻ֣壬ô˵
ǰˡұ֤Ժٲᷢ飡
ѰȻҿˡһΣǲ֪λȥ󣬺ԭˡ
˵ţ䣺Ʒߡ
ǡ
仹Ҫ˵ʲôͼѰӰʧڳͷϡ
ã
ԹƳһۡ
ܿ죬ʹһֽٺĻ̿飬ż佻ġƷҴ뿪
ɽӽǺĵɽȴɱˡŰɣԲŹǣ
ֱӵٿʳʱֻӶݵŸҿ϶ļһ

ڵ죬ɽӽɱӴܵϢʳ𶯣һȻ󲨡
˺Ϣɢ˸ǳ֮Уһʱ˲֪ٻȻ
Ȼɱս⽣ħԨ𣿡
ˣעһЩû˸ɱˣ
ߣʳǲܴȥˣ˵׼죬ŭͻйʧ꼰㰡
ҲǴ쿪ʼԭľڴʳǡǡгǡǳǳеǿߣԴҴ뿪
ԭܼ򵥣ΪѰɱ˺ˣ
֪ЩϢʱǷֲƬеǳصĳһϲ⡣
ԴҲû뵽ħԨ˴󵨣ͱ˴һѣȫȡ
Űɣ϶ưոݣ⽣ħԨǴ϶ڴʳǴȥעͷ
ܵڴš
һʱ䣬ƱãԭǿõĴʳǣһӳΪ˷粨նǷ֮ء
ûţħԨܳסԺŭ


2076 ˫
Хʳǲû죬ѰǳϢǳضʱԭΣñɪ塣

ǰҪӰɣ
ҧɫʮÿŲͬĵ̣ݲǣǾȥأ¾ݲǣ˾ȥ硣
˶٣ν˴үүƾǰγ޷ɽ𣿡
Ѱϥأ۳ʶ͵еġ塱İڵǲ̫ˣ
̫ࣿ
һͼˣǰ֪Ϊ۾رɱɽӽ϶ưոݡ
˵꣬ͱѰϣ黹ûֶӵĵزҪߣڱ뿪Ҫ£ұ㲻ѱǡ
һɲ²Ѱĵ
ȥɡ
Ѱ֣
СľͲ߶ǰˡ
ɻ뿪ޱȾᣬߡ
Ѱĸܡ
һһϮ۵ĳ㸡ֶ
գɹ۳ڳʶ͵УѰԣֿԽʡʱ;
ԽŶٵ⾭ŹԪȥ޻شС
ѰӵеĴͨʶһһڸ塣
Уٵ⾭ʦֳߴУʦֿһλʦ㶼ϲĿֲڡ
ĴеǷͬСɡ
ŹԪʮʦĵͬޱȡ
ȥ޻ءս
һԴִкѰͽ
ľ塢һͲһ£۳ʶ͵У
Ѱܵһ۳ͥʶ͵кΪҲ˲٣׼۾ѾԶˣ
ǣͬҲʹ֮ˮǴߣ˳ĳ
ٶȣ֤ɵǰɽƿصһдейء׼۾Ĳֲ͸Ϊá
ڳڻͨкݽ֮ʱ
ҵĵ򷨣ˣŽδҵΨһ
Ѱ˼С
ڵȴصһʱʶսԺĴֻԽԽա

ɽ
ɽۻΡ룬ɽϣһϻֺĽֱɽۡ
ˣһػɬɲĽǣɽ֡
ɽһͨѩ͸ĵУϣüͷ΢΢ţˡ
һϮۣŨܵѪɫɢ£¶һſʰӣһͫǳ
šаۡʮǧǰںڰ磬˵硡
˵ǰһ̫ŵ̫ϳϣΪ²ˡĴܵѹѺǱڰ硣
˵ʮս֮һսһλϹΪɵɱ̫أ֮ͨ£ڰݷ
Ҳ˵
֮ʲô˵ֻ֤һ£ǾǺаۺǿǿ˹Ĵ˵ĺζ
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һͽѹνĽħԨҲһ˲õĽɫ
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ҧ˵ϣܴ˲ã˾Ѿϣã
а͵Ц㣬ΪֻɱɽӽȴţҴŹƷң
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ʱһ£ɫò֮ǰаʱȷһЩʵֻ˵һЩѰĻ
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¶ֱ֮̿ɫݺߵڵء
ֻ֪ࡣаޱ飬㲻˵ȱʱֻøҡ
ɫ䣬һӲͷƤ˵ɽӽȡЩġôȥѹѰͼģκһ˿
꣬аЦֻЦȴзëð
Ƽ˻ҧˣοһڵ
аվʱɫѿһ˿ЦݣǱҲǡ
ڰ磬ȷûκιؿԣڱĵϣɱµĹأĹأɱȴû뵽ǡΪһЩνĺô͸ȥƻĹء
ǵĵӿ湻ģ
亹͸׹ߡ
ȻѰĻҿˡ㣬Ϳˡˡ
Ҳڴʱŷ֣±ɱģԼĹأȴԼΥƻ
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а˼֮ǰ㲻øΪԼĹۣ
ɫд־壺ϣ䷸һЩ󣬿ɡﲻ

аɫ棬ˣֱܸ׳ΪǱ𣬲𣿡
δ£̽һժ
ۣ
ԴһŹƵģժаУɫ䶼Ũûľ֡
а̧֣۾ϣˣһͷ­͸ʳǽħԨͷʣԽֻҪħԨڱ֮£һŲ

⣬һɳƵ
ͬʱͷ­׳˴
ڣаƿڣõ͵úúãɱ˿ɾ̫ϧˡ

ʳǡ
˫һѪܵͷ­ʱѰҲһ
Ҫҳʵ
ԡ
ɫηдģ˿ɼ˵ȷͷ棬֪ǰս˵ãڲϧ֮ģĺ°
˵ÿ
Ǻǡ
ѰЦŹ֣аֻҪǻҺֶΪ
һʲô˼
ѰѲٽֵͣȥһʺ֮ʲôֻҪ֣ҿͳͳӦ
ɣоѰӦ̫ʹˣЩ̤ʵ
ҶʣҴȥ
ڼ뿪Ѱ̲סЦˣૣԼԺɾˡ
Ѱȷڰ磬ԼݳбʶƵһ졣
Լıʶʱ
ΪԼͷ硱ĺĿܲǣۣ
һ뵽⣬Ѱ˫УòáǻԼġ
õѰʱаҲЦˣг졣
⽣ħԨǸˣ֪ѡͷͳڰøá


2077 
ৣ
һĺͼչϱϸźǳصķֲͼ
ʮƿصΧرע
аâӿͼ
ָݺһһͳϢħԨȥѪͷƵĵֻ̣Ҫܳµĵ̣ͳͳƿأ
ϣħԨܾأ
Ȼѡ񳼷вΪģȥɣǸˣ֪ξ񡣡


ʳǡ
֪´ʱֻǰһתԵ
ͷܡ˭еǵģҪõԨǰȥ
ʧǡ
ΪǶѰۿŴӽԺܵõıӻԺٲΪ淢
˭룬ȫͲ
ǰ²
һʱ䣬ҵѰĿɬͽǣ´һһ֮Ѱ
ƿصΧֻռ˺һСֵĽ򣬽źĽʮ֮һġѪƿء
ЩѪΪֹ̣һγͻɱѪɺӣ֮
ʱǺԿһЩ
ǰƿصĳǳأһپʮȴֻʣһ
ЩĳǳأǱѪµ̲
ŵ˵ʮУµѪµѽ
ЩһֱͼȥոЩĵ̣һֱδܵóԸѾΪĲ
ʶ֪һʱһʱʶ鲻ˣ
佫Ե˵꣬ɥǰǼȵﲻҲﲻѪҿǡӰɡ
Ѱ㲻ãһ᣿
һ᣿
ѰģҪ赶ɱˣԴҵĳ֮ģˣ䲻ּɣ϶Ҳеκɡأ
ЦţĿܰѪµɲȥǣʱͼʱ䳤ˣѪĿܷŹǣ
ѰֻռǳأΣգӻغĵ̣ʱúӲܣ
ԥֻǡǲ̫ðˣ
ѰЦˣζһЩ飬úıӻأ
ֲһ䣺˦ˣ
ǰģ
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Ѱļ򣬵䣬һ˲ţҲΪβɱԭЩıҲʲô飬ûץʲôѱ
Ѱ˵ʱǻðʶһʱԼһһѰĹע֮¡
ڣҿԸһᣬֻҪץסԺ㲻ԵϳǳΪҲǲܣؼͿ㵨ӹˡ
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⻰˵ģһĭˣʲôЦԼһ۴ʥ׼۶ǣҵ֮λ
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á
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׼ۣ
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ѰŶһ򿪼ݹһ߷һߵ˵
ҷҪȥ̲ѪƿصĳǳأȫǴΧһЩ󡭡
Ȼ˹Σ˿٩٩̸Ըָơ
⣬ҲѰؼĵط
һսУǶı˼ܣЩм齻֤ƯƯġ
ǰҿǿȴӡɣǡ֣˳ںƿصĵ̣ԡǾʥ
ȼ˵꣬Ѱʹϵô졣
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һѪȣںڰиˣѱĥޱȡ
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峿Ѱͼ뿪˴ʳǡ
ʱѵִɣǧ֮һƬնȺɽС
ء
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һɽۣ֮Ѱֶڰңÿ춼ɱ¾֮£ʥ˵ɻٵһǳأΪǻռǳִţ
ȷܲ⡣
ǰ֪ǳػٵˣؽֻռݳǳأ䵽ڰǿͶ˶ˣոԴԴϵԴӶ׳󡣡
ɿɣǣںƿصأҲΪѪȶ֮һ
ǧʱУͱٵʮΣռݴ˳ǵĳҲһٶ
ɼˣÿһɱս󣬴˳ǾͻڷнͬҲǿǰ
ЩǿУһЩͽǰɣǵĿĺܼ򵥣ΪƵƵսֻҪӲʵǿɱԽ࣬õսƷԽࡣ
֮ȥȡƸ
ҲһЩǿߣΪĥΪ˼٣Ҳ˼ɵߡ
ޱȿµĵ̺սΪֶΣɱ¾㣬Щײеͽļ£


2078 ־֮
ߣ
Ѱͷһ˵ˡ
ͼһԣ߼ԺڰͷĵϵˣҲһЩǴǿչŵǰŴˡ
ЩһӺڰΪأɱ޼ɣƿвٱֶΣǼ֡
Ѱ
ǰʮ˼ɵޱȣܹӰͲݺƵģչڡ
ɿ񺮿һħۡչеһλȨ졣
չڵġߡǧǣ򣬿϶ǳ鷳
ԴˣѰÿɷ
һᵽչڣѰ׼۰᪣Ʋסɱ
ּҵĲҰףֻһ˰ڲӣĻʹ׼۰᪣
ּҲҰʱн֣ѰòɣչڣҲһߵһ
߰ɡ
ûٶ룬Ѱչж
æ׷ȥסǰǡôɱȥ
ͼıһ֮أﻮ׼Ҫʱ򣬻ȥ̽һµ˵ʵͼ֮
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䴽һ鴤⡭Ҳ̫򵥴ֱ˰ɣ
ûãɣǾ޴ΡڵƽϣϦգǳԡһѪĺɫС
ų޵߽ÿһϢǿ֮ɷ֮ˡ
ǰɣڣһ̨Σʱȼ̨Ѫµǿ߱һʱ
ִ󣬼ɫɿЩɳ˲֪ǿǰɣǣ飬ԭͳ̨ϡ
СĽ飬ȿ̨
Ѱʶɢ˲ͽɣǸУһӦ˵˵̨Ƿ޽ɣǳڣ
ͷǡ
ߡ
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࣬פ׺ޱȵĻѰʱһ˴ȵģİĺܣİɣҪǧ
ѰȻƵģԹǰС
ۼӣǻâһ͵һƳѰץӲֱ֪
飡
δѰֻǰһڣ̫ţݺײһݺݵɳȥڳǽϣǶǽ棬ֱͦͦԹȥ
һʧɫҪͼѰһӡ
飡
һ죬⻤һľ׮㣬ݺҽ֮£ֻ¶һͷ­Űۻˡ
Ѱʧ˳ڡ
ֱ۾ֱҪӲ
ҳɣæ׷ȥ
Ǽһ˭
ֶҲ̫ײˣĪλõģ
ߣȥ֡
⣬вǿ߱һĻʱһ죬̸𾪡
˶ѱſֵ̬׷ȥ
Ϊںڰ磬ֶ鷢ʵ̫Ƶˡ

ϥɫ𪣬òţΨü両һĨ֮ȥ֮
Ϊԡ̰ᡱƣǰΪɣǵĳÿ±սɵĵѴﵽ˵İǧţ
֪ƿصĴʡСǳأÿܹսɾǧѡ
˶Աȣ֪ѹκֶ̰κε
ΨԼΪʥǿᣬ֮λ̫á
ɣ̫ˣںĵ̣սġ
йͳƣǧƽÿʮ꣬ɣǵĳͻָ⣬ҪôɱҪôΪ˵¡
ԶԴˣҲҵġ
յʱʱ㲻ڳС
ԣ
أһȻ쳹ڴеԾѡ
ɢɲƣȵ˭
˵ţһӣһɫӳֻ֮صķ̨
ϳһֱСģ¾ͱչأҲڷ̨֮ࡣ
ΪľܹΣͻȻϮʱܹһʱȼ̨Ѫǿߵİ
ɫǣͷųһ棬ȴڰ;ϢϨ𣬾类һֻεĴĨƵġ
ಣ
ԥŲգȫӶݡ
ֻķӦĿһĻѰ¶һĨɫ
ɲߡ
飡
һ̣һʹԵڵأԴһʹƺߣǰֱðǡ
ζӱʱһͷײϡ
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ǵȷӦٶȣü䶼̾Ϊֹܴ޿ɣԵĲһ˵á
ˣѰҲһ
ɫʵã͸֪֮СļˣĻٸ翹ǰΪ֮λΪСлܵЩƸͳͳߡ
һ̫ˡ
̲סڣǰҿ罫ֱá
ɫ΢䣬ѣǶںڰαԴƣ
ѰĹ⣺ؽţȻԣұһᡣ
̧ͷѰʱľȻһ𵴣췭ظ㣬Ƕûج
᣿
ɫȻ
ԣӽң㲻ֹԻԼɣǳְ֮
Ѱͳ
ã
ԴӦ
䣡
һɲľ𵴷ͻȻƽҲָ
ֻǵѰʱĿӿ޷ƵĿ־壬лǰ顣
ڣЩѹεĲƸѰ
ǡ
һ£һӨӸֶȻһܹڵĴ顣
Ѱ̽һüѵδ˳֮ʱ䣬ֻѹһǧŵ
Թǰ֪Сÿյĵа˳ҪѪʣµɣҪиֿ֧ܹĵһɡ
ѪȺڰ䵹
Ѱ飬ҪʱԻ֪ͨ㡣
˵գתȥ
ǣ
ڵأһǫ˳ū͡
ֱ뿪̲סǰղšʲôΪǰ
ղŵһĻĻܸоЩͷ˯}ûš
һľСϷ־֮ʡ
Ѱڵûж͡
ɽǡ־֮ʡ֣ü両棬ԽԽëð亹
òԼľҲڻȻ֪¡⡰־֮ʡɣ


2079 ĺ
ǰֵЩǿߣʧط֣Ԥеļսûб
䣬ǳ˾˳
˺ɨˡ
ΨֻҪԲɣǴӽԺ󣬾ͽƿߵĵԨǰУ
ģһڽ־֮ϡ
߳ɣǣѰƳһһ⣬ģļ䣬ЩЦ
һǱղŵһĻŵˡ
һڨڨЦʵ˿
Ϊ޵ߣɻľг⣬ǡ־֮ʡľ֮Уطֲ̫ˡ
ʵϣ־֮ʵȷһޱȵĵʦڵġԪʼľ
˴кʹʦֵġսʥʮʦֵġ㼫©һɽŴ󴫳֮һ
вһԪʼľ֮ɬľİء
رƾ˴У̤һ޵ߵġġ֮·
ڴ˵صĵ޵ߵľ
־֮ʣܹһӰӡ㣬ǱֵľУʩʱޱߵĿ־塣
ˣСһ޵У޷ѹ
С֮СԪʼӡС
֮ЩľţŲ˼ܣɱΣʤ
ʱ仹磬һȥĸǳأѰʡ
䲻˼ʯǡ
ж֮ǰֳı׼Ҳöж·ԼҪ˵Ŀꡣ
á
Ѱͷ

ʱ
Ѱִʯǡ
˳֮أ׼һΪѪƿصǳУصʵѿƲס
ɽƬ̣ͻȻֵѰǰؾֱӹˣ񱻡־֮ʡ֣һӰӡ
ֱѰͼ뿪Ҳûκע⵽ʯλѪϵĳǳأݡ
һĿ˭
糺ǡ
ߡ
Ѱͣ
ԣ¾һЩ۾֣Ҳ޾壬οȥһЩǳأ
ȫǲѴ֮

һѪĵϣںľǳأ½Ϣ֮УѰС
ʼգ羹һ֪ûٶ
ֱҹѰŸоЩƣ
ΪսԵʣ·;̫˵ľǳأֱλڲͬĽ򣬱˴֮ңԶ
ԸˣͿ԰쵽һ·ȴһΪĥ˵顣
ЪϢһ£һж
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ճǰгȻվѰһжȴһûС
Ѫǰǵģ
һ
ѱ𺳵Щľˡ
Ѱչֳֶ̫ɲЩǿˡ
䣬ѹһ֮Ļ־壬򵹳
󣬼ֱȴ˵еԶŶħ£
üеǣһǳݣȴûκζͷ粨
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ѰչֳֶΣȻʶһ£Ѱְ취ȥռĵ̡
ܲõ
Խ룬оͶѰԽηλǰǺηʥ

峿ʱѰӾ
һҹ˼ٿѰʱĿдһĨԼûвľη

Ҵȥ
ˣʱȥˡ
Ѱ˵仰ʱظ㣬һͷԣûȥˡ
죬׷Ѱߣҹ̣ǺͣЪرϮڲͬĳǳ֮䣬½һһǳء
ֱѪƿصĵϣʮǳݣѰѹ׳
죡
ʮǳأ
Ŀһ붼Ĳ
䶼ɣѪġʡʱѪɡ
˵ú֪Ȼ֮䣬ʮǳ֮ѡûεȸˣ
Ѱʵ
һ˵ǿ϶ܸˣСĺܻɣĸȥЩǳءϾѪӦʱ϶ᱩףһͷϡ
ѰЦͲǵˣ߰ɡ
кȻӿһƵͷԨǰôòǴ㡰ӡɣ
˻һ䵹ˡǾ̫ˣ
Ѱͼ뿪ĵ죬ѪƿصĵϣȻ󶯵
ɣǳԸӽħԨ֮
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ڤǳ
ǳǡ
һһʮϢһ쫷㣬ϯѪƿصĹ֮ϡ
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ħԨ˭Ȳ˼ֶΣһ֮ڣ˶ǳѡѪ
죬Щ𣿡
ЩˣǺһǴ㳹׺Ѫ˺ˣ
һʱ䣬ƿص֮䡭ǻһ޷ԤѪɱ¾ˡ
ħԨߣһļһĿ˴ͣԾһܣĻʹߣ϶ǲڰеĺ

ɽ
ڴĺаۺȻ۾ʵҹ⣬ѹȥʱ䣬ûǽħԨϢ𣿡
⣬һԡ׵ٲеӰƾո֣ûУϣѾˡ
аüâ˸ӣˣɾͶ̫ʧˡ
ϣոմϢѪĵϣʮǳ֮ﳼ֮ģ
أһ͸ſϲڴ𣬽һͻϲصس˴ļͿܡ
ʲôһ㶣˵һ飡
һסĵļյõϢظһ顣
ʮǳأһ˳
⣬ԡУҹҲסƮ㲻Լ䡣
ѪĵϣƿصĳǳһŶʮǳضѡ
һӾ֮һĳǳѡѣ˳Ե̫˼ˡ
ֱϵڱƵģ
ȷϢʱа۽סЦ
ħԨһħԨû뵽ʱ䣬˴һϲ
Ϊ۾˿̵֪ԼеϣȻʮǳ֮ѡԼʱаҲһƮƮȻϲޱȡ
ϣʮǳһѣѪȻΪŭ˵׼ͻὫìͷָϣǡҪ˺ȥӹʮĳǣ
⣬ҹڡ
һ仰úаһϲľ侲üʮλѡ񳼷Ǿܾ񲻻ẮǵģԺ󡭡˭ָͶϣ
ǽܣȴҪѪͷ˺˵þͻᱬȫͻ
ͷ۰
һ̣аޱȾᡣ


2080 ĹֵԨ
ϣƿһپʮǳأأȴֻʣһ
أҧгݳЩĳǳأɶǱѪͷܸߣȴܲ
£ħԨֳɫһٰ϶ʮǳأǧѷĻᣬǾֹܾЩʾĳģýħԨ׿ĺ
һ
ҹȴüǽħԨǸʲôˣǿɶûһУǴʲô˼˭֪
ͷŭҹˣħԨôѾ׵Ѫ⻹Աϵ𣿡
ˣ
аۻִϣ±ţǲִ
ҹ뽫Ŀ⿴˹Ҫһаһ벻ľ棬ľ
ȴа۵ħԨأΪβ
ͺҹһ͵ǰɳ˺䶯Ĵ£ǽħԨΪβǰ
ߣ
а¶һĨ֮ɫСӲԲ֮ʮǳأ˵õһʱǰݼȴټĪǡڹʹ
æпܣħԨɫǿߣȻҲޱȵԸͽ˻ϵĲҲ⡣
ūţƾϵֶΣ϶׵ͷʵʵΪá
аɫ˲٣ˣ˴˴󹦣Բ˸ƽϡ
˵⣬¶һĨ⣬ЩǳؼȻģǱʹ͸ͿǷб½Щǳƿˡ
һ⡭
ҹЦӢǽħԨͿ๦ߣЩǳʹ͸ƹܣҲӦõġ
оЩԾͻȻ׹ħԨ˾٣͸һĺ
ͬʱҲڳëѪѪֻὫһǻйͷϣ
ڵǽһƸ˽ħԨ
ʱʮǳ֮±ѪɱˣҲֻڽħԨͷϣ
ԽħԨѪĶ֣̲ס
аЦܹڶ̶죬ʮǳأ¿ɴأȥһѪŭ浲סҲְһѡ
Ӣ
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ϵɺܵħԨΪȥѪ˺ɱǿɾʹشˡ
룬ģħԨ
аЦСƱһѣ˼ǹݵģһΣҪˣʲô
ϣô˵϶ħԨεǰػˣ
ڲ׹ͽǻ裬ϣ
ҹԴ͸ų
ͻֱð亹ٲҶ˵ˡ
û뵽һϲѶ󣬾˶ն
аۻֵȥľסһҪѪͷ֪ħԨף

˵Щǳضʹ͸ˣ
֪ϢʱѰһ⡣
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Ѫĵ̣źĵ̣ʱʱڷشʳǡ
ǡ
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ѰȴΪȻЦϼһҲʶԾˣѿҵģûǰ
һɫǰòһʼǴһ£ȥѪͺսѣ
أѰʡ
ʱˣһڣǰλԨǰĵӣ顣
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Ѱϡ
ʮλﳼĳѴµɣУȴѰĵǲ
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ͷҪҲա
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Ѱ˻֣ȥɣ£ǻȥһЩĵ飬룬ҪףҵԨһŵģΪ϶
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ͷϣĿЩ뿪ѰЦЦҲת뿪
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ռǳˣ
סʡ
ԣɲϲǳأҪģѪĵϵŻ֤ЩµǿߣǺεĹ
Ĺ
Ȼ仰û˵ֻڶֹ

ѪõϢٶȣȺ죬ϾǷϵ顣
ʮĳǣ
ȫѣ
ͻľ䣬Ѫһʱŭӿ𲻿Ƶɱ
ѪšѪħۡսȺǿһЩΪᱩ壬ɱޱȡ
ţ̫һĺᣬѪ츳
ߣΰ׳˶ļ֭ͬͭҺɣĵ۾Ϣһͫ׿ؼ䣬Ǳ֮â
飬ֱòͷˣ
Ѫ˻۾ˣУľǴˣ汾һȥЩͽȥǺ϶ˣ

ǣ
һʱ䣬Ѫµʮλ׼۾սУһϳʮһѪˡ
ֻǣɱڵصִЩƿصĳǳʱŷ֣Щͽȥ¥ա
һһǳѰȥһ⣬Щͽȫټ
Щˣӵͦ죡
ҲͽõѪǻŭ޴йɫԵúѿ
һҧߣȥҺ϶ˣ
ϣСթ
̲סȰ⣬ģ翡湫ӣȴһɱ˫մѪȵľ׼ۣһֱѪߵұۡ
⣿
Ѫü
гֻ֪Щ飬һнħԨģ⾿ǷԺ⡣
Ѫͷ޺϶ǽħԨеӸô
˵Ĳк϶֤϶Ȼ׼úһֶΣðȻɱȥһ϶С
лû˵꣬ѪѾˣüͷɫ粻
⣬ǲǺ϶ı


2081 ϴ
Ѫԥʱ˴ҴϣյõϢЩͽƿصʮǳأȫиǽħԨƹܡ
ѪһŭЦ⹷յĺ϶òΪЩǳѾ˰ɣ
ʵڱˡ
һ֮ڣʮĳǳѣ
⻹꣬ںֱǽħԨӹЩǳأ
⡭
ûа
ԱߵзɿϣΪԷԽţԽԴ⣬ʱӦ״ϡ
˵ô
Ѫɫ
гʮĳǵͽǽħԨĺ϶ﳼ
񣬺϶ҪǵʮǳؽħԨƹܡ
޿ɣ⽣ħԨһؼֻҪץ϶ʲô⣡
꣬Ѫ侲ɺͫ˸˵Ĺ⣬ħԨһܰĽɫҪ
ʲôħԨǺĻӣء
Ҫץסʱ֪ˡ
г϶˵Ҫƹʮĳµ뿴һҲô
Ѫ¶εɱã¾ͽ죡ֻһҪ󣬻ҪˣҪʬ
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һʱ䣬ħԨ־һǰ㣬ҫѪĵϣ֪Ŀۡ
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ʲôѰħԨֳ׵ĻˣƿصĽ
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ľҲЩ⡣
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Ѱͼӳ߳ʱǳУһƬǽ壬м
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ǰѾϴٵĵǳˣ⣬ʱѪѾõϢˣǲ֪ᱻʲôӡ
ٺЦ


2082 ϤѪһĻ
ʱȻȣļ䣬ѶѰǿƲ˼ֶμֲ֡
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ǵһʱ䣬ȻģϼתӨӨӲӡ
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ֻ֤ԷԼһǾ׼ۣӵеսȴǿ¡
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㿴ǶѾΪǴô࣬ǺǴˣȾ£סû𣿡


2083 ɱ
бˣӽħԨĺʾ
ϢһѪƿصĵ
пһ׼ۣѡѣ
֪Ŀࡣ
ϢģۿͻȻɱѪµλս
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˭ŹʱѣѪұ֮һУҲ֮ѣ̫ˡ
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һ죬ŭѪһɱƿصĵ̡

ʲôжˣ
ɽ֪Ϣʱа۶һЩš
һλ׼ۣѪΪصĵսıѣѪ裡
⽣ħԨôͣ
аɫ粻ԭӦøеޱȸ˵ģȴҲ˲
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ҶӣˡѰһʶ
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Ѱͭϻһ֮Ҷٿӳʧ
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ͬʱлӶһսꪱһסӰ͵ĵˡ
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һתҪӡ
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µԨǰݼǴˡ
һ仰쳹Ҷؼ䣬úӰͣǣɫһӺס


2084 ͻȻͨ
Զգһƾ䣬忡ɰ顣
㡭ǽħԨ
ɫѿޱȣȴɲ
ѪͻȻ֮ѹĳ֪϶ǰġ
úҲĴ漫ɵ
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һǿסһѰĳ嶯
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оȥԼѪɡ
һ˲˵ڣɱֱˣ
ѰЦЦʵ𣿡
ڴʱҶӻһĨ貵ĹƮȻѰͷƽô죿
Ŀ⿴۾عΪأֻɫһѹ
ҶĿⶢϣһ£ͷֱðףǰ˵ĵӺζˡ
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ţӽ𣬺ʮľ棬ʹ˳ΪʷԺ󣬺ǾŴĸ֡
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Ҳ˵ڰ磬һ֮ڣԴͨɱɽѰ
еζɾ̫Ѱˡ
˭ֱܹʣΪ˶Ըһˣڰ
ѰõϢʱһͷһˡ



2085 ޿˵
ڰһҵĶ֮أ֮㣬Ⱥɴ硣
ӣɼѪ׶֮ȱһЩͨľˡ
ȴһڰȥͨһˣⱾԵ÷˼
֪ǿӵ˺ڰ磬Ϊ˱ѡ
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ںչأû˸о궯ǣ˭Ҳû뵽˿ǽħԨ
ٲȻǽħԨĸ￴ˣ
û˸ȥɡ
ħԨ̲Ѫ̵жУºͣĿõĺպսܵҪҲȻ顣
Ѱɽ죬ֱȷδκη粨ʱȻ뿪

ѰΪӵµ󣬺ڣػһɱޱߵա
룬ǲչж
ʵȴȫѰϡ
Ĺ۲죬뿪ĵ̣ʮǳ֮󣬲ŷ֣ͨԼȷֵ÷зȴС
˵Щÿǳ֮ĵĻһ⣺
棡
վǺڰ磬˶գɱ¾ƵƵЩǿҪ涼Ǽ֮˭ֻΪһȥͨһԼɵˣ
ȻڷɽѰۣǵԼģֻ졣
Ǻڰ硣
չڵʹˣһܹɱ۾ͨʱֱӾϨȥѰ˼
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Ƕԣͨһóαװǿò˼ĺݽɫҲǳֺõ顣
ʹҲûʲô
ѰʶԼݱ¶мֵ⺮ԼѲصĻܵʲôµ׷ɱ
޿ˣڰΨһĻ·
ҲʱѰ仰塣


2086 ֮
ʱƣָƽ
ƽԶԣڲͬ򣬲ͬĳǳأͬĵطÿɱ¾ƵƵݡ
ѪȣǺڰ㲻ľ
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һСƹУĬĬ¡
ѾȥһˣԨǰȴ˼һûйϢ
ȥ

ͬʱƿǡ
ƿʮ֮һƺƿصĶʮǳ֮һ
ĽֵϣѰڱȥ
һµʱ䣬ڻƺƿصĽУ㼣鲼ͬĳǳ֮䡣
񣬼ƿڣƺƿصĶʮǣѱѰ߹һ顣
Ҳȥһƺˡ
⣬ѰһŲնȥ
ϼɽ
ƺ̾ϳ
֮ѪĺڽɽɽϼɽҪΪۻΡ룬Ͻǣޱɭϡ
ֻǣѰȵʦУصĽͬ㡣
ϢأѰ߽˷ϼɽ
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ڣƺħһ˶ڰǰڶһɹƤƵͼ
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һϹʱڣƽ콵˥ߣ׻٣ŰڰУڰ·״ϣҲúڰһµ㣬֮⡭
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ƺķײҶĿ⿴Ѱɳƣֲú϶ǰ˳̲Ѫĵ̣ԭ߾һ˲¡
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Ѱ߳ϼɽʱһ·ϲδκζ
Ҳһ졣
ƺƿصĶʮǳ֮һӽħԨǲ
ϢһŸƽһµĺٴȻ󲨣
ʲô⽣ħԨһҲ̫˰ɣһ¶ѣڳôĶ
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ⱳ󣬿϶к֧֣ƾһˣĿͣ
֪ٻȻ𣬼𺳺ͼɵ
ǵȴţƺûʲôӦʱȴȻһϢ
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˶ţ޷ܣΪϢ档
ʱƣԽԽϢ֤ţƺȷǰˣ
ΪǷϼɽϣͲ˻ƺӰӣͬ˼һʧӰ١
ţûбѹЩѵĳǳ֮Ŀܲȡж


2087 Ϯ
ϢغƿصĵʱͬĪĺ䶯
Щǿ߶ţһʱ䣬һλں¡
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Ҳһǰڱչǰ˵Ǿ仰
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ǼһδҲ̫׺˰ɣ
ʲôչأҿǴǶǰǻƺĵ̣ƾħԨһˣĿܻܻƺ
ƶϣܿõ˴˵ͬ
ҲΨ˽ͣԵú
ʲô϶ǵԨǰһΪ
Ϣʱһʱ϶עͺ޹أ
ֻǣһ뵽ƺλԨǰĶʱҲסһ𺳡
ǿ
̫ǿˣ
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ɴʱɫԸһĨ
λ롣
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ڤһɫͫУɱڡ

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ڤһŲնһչ¶ڵ۾ĿֲƣɱƬء
һĻʱںµЩǿߣȫŵð׹ߡ
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ڤûЩĽɫ
ǺֻҪɱ˺һƬƿصҲһҹֱ֮
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ֻǣڤǽû뵽ǣǴɽѰһ飬ȴûм
ɫѿ϶ڣѵҲ
ڶĻ뵽ɱĿϳȴ˸գ
ɶ񣡡
ݷ͵һĳ
䣡
ɸߣ۾Ρɽֱӱ飬ĩƮ
ݷҧгݵҲ϶ǽƿصȫݿ壬ֻҪţоʱ򣡡
ڤҲɫѿ
϶һ֪һ֣ɱɿܲ
һѪƺ˵ڤͷѹ֡
λǱ뾡쾾϶ʱϵԽãǾԽ
һ˪˵
ݷ϶Ŀҵõ
ºð졣
ڤҧڣһ֣϶ĵϴɱµȫˣŲ֣
ɫһ䣺ôɾ̫ˣһ϶裬ɱƿصĵϣбô죿
ˣ˵Щ
ݷɫ両ֳһĨɫֻҪܱƳ϶ˣǲһݣԺ˭ʳѰ
һ죬λһ籩㣬ŰںĵϣһѪɱ¾
۾֣Ѱ
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ˣЩȫˡ
֪ϢʱҲĺû뵽Щı֮죬֮ᡣ
Ԩǰأ
Ľ


2088 һ˥
ڰû񣬺ף
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Ϊ˱ƳΪ۾ڵڤ¡ݷ硢˪λԺ޹˼ɣȥ¾Щںߵ¡
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졢ء󣬽лĿҶ޾Ľлٽ
һһһѻ𣬽һȼΪ
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Ҳ̫˼飡
ã̳ɢ
ǻһһĻĻʧ¶ؼʵòʱ˷Ϊ档
Ǳݽߡľ
һ紵أԲļµϢƾƬϵѰγѰ㣬һ
УŻ֮ȥ𺳡
۾֮ݿһǡ
Ҷһѹĵۣ
ʱѰڤ¡ݷ硢˪λɵڷ֮УѪ˴
Ҷһ֮
ѰҲǼˣģĿùһλλɽʦʦĿɡ
һ̣ǽסҶһ޵
۷ʱҶϲ˳
ҶѰϣٵشϢΣɫ濪ڣƺԼһ̫⡣
Ѱǳ鴤˵ʲô

һ죬ڤ¡ݷ硢˪λԱѹںĵϣ
Ϣһ䶯ǿ߽Ϊ֮
ʱգʱ䣬½̲Ѫƺ̣ݿλִ
Աǧ˸ŵս˶оΣǰ㲻ʵ
ʲôʱ򣬺ǿˣ
˵ɻ
ϾǰЩУǿ󣬿ʮУǿֻеλá
񣬲Žʱ䣬ẉ̂½λֱ񳹵ױһƵģ


2089 ·
֮䶯
ѰǡħԨҲ֮һɢ̸죬Ҳһ˲֪ҫˡ
ֻû֪ǺѪƺڤµλԱѹڴڣ
Լ³һЩеİȴȥ룬Ϊ̫£µֻܴװͿ
һ֮󣬺쳣۵սҲ˺һħۡע⡣

ɽ
ħ֮̾ء
ѣٲֹ⺮Ժ󡭡¾ͳΪ϶һ˵ˣ
һУһϮۣͷڵ߿ڣķ߿
Ҷ˴˴ǰѵĽ飬Ժ϶ĶУһϡ
һۣ罣ӽſڡ
ߺӣֱǺʮеĺ
µĺУҲֻзħۺƿصĵ̣̲ܵ
ɴݺۼ֮ǻԭλҲ׻ˡ
ʶһǰݷãϣħܳ棬ֹһС
϶ȷ̫ˡ
׵ķħۿڣϣ뷢԰ףۣӥǣһϮɫۣɢһɲ˵Ϣ
ɫĮλؾţµ񣬱϶ԹۣҲϲú϶
뾫һ
ħۣʮΪǿһںܾ֮ǰ̤۾عء
Ҫǣħ۱չڵһλϣ
ƾݣ⺮У˸ǣϾվչƿص磡
ˣϢǺ϶֮ڣǰҲԸ
ħۿڣ
δҲ̫϶ˡ⡣
ħ˹ֻһ̽֤лչĴ澴ηơ
أ
ħޱǾ϶֮ʱ
һ죬ħ۷ţչڳ֮Уǲ֣ѹ

չڡ
һʥ嫵ؾ硣
Ƭڣɽˮ츣أش䣬ϼתжŨĻϢ
ϡԴƶѷĺڰȣֱǴ˵еɾ
չΪڰͷ֮һĵ̣
ʵϣһؾ磬ĸ֮أǱչڵϹŶһӲٴ
дţֻΪάϵһƬؾתչÿ춼ҪڼƵĵ
һУ涣Ʈ
һȺӰ
׵ģһݿʵӣһϮۣڷɢ財
һƴƻð㣬䱳ӳֳһԲĹ֡
תܻ֮
չƽ̣ӡһλڰ£ڰ֮֡
ڵطŵģչڵĴÿһϣһžúڰ
λһ֮󣬺ڰʷĵγ֮پͽ٣˵еġ졯Ҳ֮֡
һϵ컯һԤϵĺƽ٣ݱõϢǿչŵϵѾʼΪ׼ˡ
ӵ糿ĺģؼƮչڣȻҲΪ˳ı
һڴ˼졣
·졣
ųٽ٣һ
һ״̫ʱġʡǳ֮йأڲ˸档
ٽ٣̫Ϲʱںڰġ֮١
ǷޣͳУԱԢ컯ͻԵ
Ψһ˸еĥĶޱȵģǡ·ĺˡ
ʱ£ĸͳҲĸϹŶΪνġ·ڡ졯г֣
·ʲôӣûܹȷĴ𰸡
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һ仰ͫ׽һ£һƿأļ¡
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ӿâλˣ̫ʱ򣬵һγ֮ٽʱǿձ˰Ľûгǿչŵϡ
ʵ˵ǷǷɽѰϢˣ
Ѱ
ӳĬƬ̣ڰ磬չڡزؽ硢ͭȸ¥Ѱ䣬˵ڵزؽƿصЩУĿ꣬ץǧ֮ڡ
ϧǣûһǷɽѰ
չƿصУҲˣλҲ֪ڰ籾ͽıѵأÿԱŲ֪ѪɱûĸȫԸȥѰӡ
ؼǣƿصͬںɴʱɱ۾ֶΣڰ磬ҪĻûץסĻᡣ
˵⣬Ӷһ̾
չڴҲüѡ
ʣͭȸ¥أһڼǺڰĺߣλ¥ɽĿӵĵز˭УǵҲѰٲһ
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кâһмָˣۺڰ֮ˣͭȸ¥ɣٽͿҲͲ֪صȥˡ
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һΣۼٺڰ磬Ҫͭȸ¥ǰݼգͭȸ¥ȴϢ˵ͭȸ¥ǰǿձ˰
۵֪£ֻ˵һ䣺ղݼձͷ
Ҳ£չں͵زؽʶͭȸ¥ѳ׵ۣò˶ãͻ⵽Σ
ֻǿϧҲ֪ģڵִڰ粻ãʹҴ뿪ǰ֮أĻͭȸ¥۶ǣǵһʱͻᱻ۾
Щź
ƽ֪̿ǰҪʲôһλʵ
ϴڵ˼˭ܲ²õ
ҡͷλҲ֪ɽͳɽţ̾ڹ֮أϹʱͱٵվҲǷɽġͥڡ
ҺܻɣǰĿģΪȥ˵ز̽һЩʲô
˵ţȻ
ƽ̴ˣϴϢ
һż㣬͵С
ӴżһʱüһССȴʱ䣬㼸Ҫɨ̲һ֮أֲ÷סҪ
˵⣬Ӿż㣬ĿһɨһЩλ˭Ըǰһ⣿
£ͼһ۵ĸվ𣬳˸֮˹˵Ѻܾòߣ¡ɡ
˽һ
Ҳ¶֮ɫ˭Ҳû뵽ӻڣ´¡


2090 ۾ǵԽ
ǡ
ڣһתѻɽĵתʱȵϥдѰȡ
ڰϡƶޱȣѰʱҲòԴάϵ
ңޱۺʱԴҲƾ֮Զ֮ͬ˿ɱȡ
ҲҿʱսϱѹһһǳصĲƸõΪ֮ʱǡ
ӵеĵﵽһǧ˰ٶڣ
УԺǡѪڵλںӪ꣬ÿ۵ĲƸޱȾˡ
ȫѰС
Ȼ˵ѰսƷһЩ絤ҩ䡢۱֮ģֵǡ
ѰҾʹ㡣
һҪԴԴϵԴ֧ţȱͶ֮飬ҲͬҪ۱޸Ԫ
ѰʡĵģҶˡ
һͭϻҶӾҵ˶츣ذ㣬޸Ԫ
¡
ʱ󣬾ֹͣתܼʮŵ̺Ѱȡ˷ĩ
ಣ
Ѱһľ塢塢ˮһһֱֶһࡣ
УˮǰЩŸ۳ʶ͵УʱѰҲ編ƣһЩеأڸ˺ˮ
ߴֺ󣬽ԴʶѰԪĹͨ
ʱͬˮѰľӿ֣еһ֡
ѰĵкʹҲǲһַߴһһõ
ֱ˴˺Ӧ˴˽ڰĸУѰΪˮ磬ȻȻͻ׼죡
һ˲޾תڣڽĿɲƣƬض͵ز
Ѳ½󣬽ֶͻ޷ƻ
á
Ѱһ̣˻һ׿ȻɵϢ
ֻǺøղĲεƣԵøǿ
Ѱ֮ܵǰȣսǿԶֹһ
ǿ󣬲ֻΪϵͻƣԴ֪򣬶Եƿأŷ츲ذɱ䡣
ҵĵӽȱ©ˡ
Ѱϸᡣ
׼ƿصĴ򣬱ȱĵ۾
ԴѰ̤Ͼ׼ʱƿص׼۷ͼ֮ĵ۾Ҳ˶١
ڴʱвɱ䣬ŶԴ̣ƿص׼۷򣬳ΪܵΪľ֮⣬Ѽĵ۾ûʲôˣ
ɺܲ˼顣
Ϊδ֤ۣƿصĴȴѺ͵۾һԹУӲĸ׼ܹ쵽һ
֮ΪǰδУŽҲΪ
Ҳһԣڵﵽεȵزˡ
Ѱ뿪˳

һʱ
ǼԶһƬããɽУһսĻ
ɽʯɻңһƬҶ
ս۱ףͷشӵ𣬼ѵ̧ͷɫдȻ
Դӱѹڴڣһͽ㣬ΪѰĻӣҪʱһãҪʱֱӾͶһߡ
ڸղţٴγ䵱˻ӣѰս
һΣҶûи棬ûսܹӳȫսա
ȴѹˣ
̫ûս۶޷ܡ
֪ںɴʱѰҲֻܺͷӳĳսɱ
񣬲Źȥʱѣʩչȫս£ȴѰĶˣ
һ׼ۣȴѹһ۾ȥƱؽ˵Ĺ֪߸޵ߵĹ
۾ǵԽ
룬ڵϣһԽˣ
ͬʱѰ˼Уսվ֮ȫԸҲ۷ʱڿɱȡ
£ܶԷʱûˣȴķ˴
Ѱǣһ۷ʱĵ۾һعǿߣԼսжʤ㣿
ǽߴһϱһ֣ǷƽһЩʤİգ
ͬǶ޷ƿЩɱǷܻøʤ㣿
ѰΨһԿ϶ǣǶýͨĻɱĵ۾ѷ£

죬ѰһȻսۣԸͶϣԺѰԲ㣬úÿһ°ɡ
սһȷӦٴαѹ˴

ѰǣصȺǡ
ǰ²ħ´ú֮ڣǰɽ
һʱͷɿ콫յõϢ˵򣬺Ը

Ѱ
ǰԺɡ
˵⣬Ȼ죬Ͳһ㣬ͽ²˵ˡ
ѰƳһۣǲѾɣɱˣ
һҪ˵ʲôѰ͵ͷ´ˣҲ˶١
ѰĻشЩɼȴϸȥ˵ǰǷħ˺һչڵһλϣǿǿɾ͵ڿչڡ
ԴǼ価ǽǺ͵ǣһǰǷǰɶЩˡ
չڶѣʲô
ѰΪȻЦЦЩɱ˲֪չڵĴˣĻ˼Щ
ңںֳô󶯾һΪһ汾Ϊ˸չڶһ
ʲô
һ㱣ںڰ磬ͬΪڰͷĵزؽͭȸ¥˭չڵģ
ӽ㿪ʼֺµһе̺Щˡ־֮ʡǿߣԻĺ
ѰϣҪֻܰ£һĻġһݱ¶ɾΣˡ
⣬ʱµʲôǰѾ뿪ˣ
Ѱ˵ͷֻǰһЩ׼
ѾȥˣǡħԨ쳹ǰڰ磬϶״̽ЩϢ
˴κչ֮ĳͻעɱ⡣
Էħ۵вƨɾˣΪںڹһֱںϡ
ʶǷȥħۣ̫ܵӰ졣
Ѱôһ֮ɷħֻҪϸ׷϶ͻͨ˿ú붯Ļ֣ħԨ
ħԨݣ;ãֻҪϸһЩܾͻƲݣ
Ͼ֪׼ۣлɱ۾
˱ѹʵҲõ϶ħԨѰ
ԣѰȥһħۣҲܽԷѹֲ̫ע⡣
ȻĽ޷Ǿݱ¶Ѱԣ뿪⺮ǡ
һ졣
Ѱ뿪ǣǰһħ֮̾ء
ɽ


2091 ᪴
ɽ
ֺ뻪ĵУħںͺꡢλơ
ħ̸Ц̩ȻɺꡢλȴЩʳ֪ζȻ
أڵģ᲻ǲڵʱ򣬽ƿصĵ̸̲ˡ
λؾţһգչھͻǲǰʱۺ϶ǷḺһ١
ħ΢΢һЦƱҪһȻʲôĿ⿴˴⡣
һӰ֪ʱѳ֣ݸӳڵϵӰӣȴһƬ޴Ӱ
ӰŰ˸緿ݴСͷ­޴ɽβͣ
ž
ħеľƱ׹أˮȴȻĿֱⷢ
ԴҲû뵽ǲ֧ԮԼģλԡѪᡱƵĸˣ
ڳ鴤ʱʳζ϶һɿڡ
ŵͳɳƵıһӰ߽˴
һ˲ֻһϣ·𿴼޾ڰӿƬûޱߵĿ־ȫ
Ժðһ˵֡
ۣ᪴
ڰΪбһλۣΪһħ¾顣
Ҳֻһ̫սеӢѼһһɣֻΪһֲֿط
У᪴۵ıһͷִ̫ߣһ֮Դаװβ
ÿһͷ­ƿһа츳ͨ
ڰӲȱ׶ޱȵĺˣڰ᪴ǰҪѷɫ̫ˡ
ħƨ类Ƶģͷ񣺡ʦ
ôȥӻ̫Сˡ
һӰ㣬Ƴһ۷ħۣҡҡͷЩʧ
ħұ粵
㲻֣ƹضѪ˼ǡ˵⺮һЩӣһ
Ӱ£ͼһϮۣݿʰ𪣬һͫɺıʯ㣬ı
½ţɢϢɿֲޱߣӳֳʬɽѪ޺
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ں˶ɵ;ηߴڣڰ᪴ǰȴͷ̧
ħ۹һ࣬ʦǰȻĻҲĨƽ
᪴Ŷһޱ飬ǵ۾عΪڻףұУ֮£ħۣܹںɨɿѰɫ
ħɫڨڨѡ
᪴ʡ
ħæ֮ǰǶչڻмɵ֮ģȻҲ
᪴üɺͫһ˿ãǱǺħۣȻô϶Ѳκμɵ㵽ڻԷɵδҲ̫޶ۡ
ħ۶ͷֱð亹
һ̣ЩԮˣʲô˲ãǽʦֱһجΡ
һʱ䣬йغħ۵һѼеΪԽϸԽá
᪴䵭´
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ʵϣΪһħ̫˽ħˣһʱ䣬ͽйغħ۵ȫȫ
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·ںħϵʱ᪴ɺһ˿ɫ
죬̧ͷ۾ŷħۣúзëһڡ
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᪴ۿڣһ仰÷ħۡλס
ħԨ
ֻһ׼ۣף
᪴ûнͣԹԿЩϣͳ⽣ħԨ²ڳںģ
ˡ
ħۺԥԴӵǺǰں򣬶ϲܻ˵֪
᪴ۺȻЦһɺͫзâֲƹʱѪ˼ԭΪҪǸӤطˡ
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ܾǰ
֮Ϊ˴ǿչŵٵŻǽһԽɰطзӡ׼۵ݽ롰򡱣Ǳ롰۹سǡۣյִŻ
Ŀģֻһ¡
ٵ۹سǣ
һչڵɳֱ룬ڹŻ򣬴ӶһƬԴ֮ءƿء
ΪչڵĹϵ伮У̫ʱڵġʮսսǱڹŻ۹س֮⣡
ǵ۹سǱšŻĵһǵ۾ֹ֮ءĳƺţʵǡʮսĺս
ҲǾսŻ飬籾ԴѣһС磬ڹ֮ϡ
ʮսŻһڵ۾ڣΪֿһһ֣פص۹سǣɱ췭ظǬߵ
񣬵۹س֮⣬̫ŵ۾󣬲Ӣ꣬ԼһƬ
ʱչڡزؽһµҲսУֻȴء
գʮսĻȻһƿصĽѣֹŻϿա
ǵ۹سǣȴ٣ǰս粻࣡
ʶչڶԣΨлٵ۹سǣͳԦŻƿһġԴ֮ء
᪵꣬Ϊ˶
ֻǣΪӡֻ׼۾ܰ쵽£֮£òǱݷ
ΪˣרŶᣬŻͨ콣һλС롱ĳɱǰռ
԰᪶ԣΪ䱻ӡӵеǻۺʹлڣֻҪĵ̣ȻһŻƵ
ֻҪƿأ͵ƿһöԺԵ߸Żӡ
ףѡеĴˡ
ʵϣ׵ȷûʧ̶ʮ꣬չ¶ҫޱȵĹâŻ򵱴ͬһˣ
ɺ˵ǳڹ֮ϣ½硱ĵطһԨ츳Ӥˡ
Ԩ񷣡
£Ҳֻһӵǲչں͵زؽ츳ǿչŵ
󣬰᪺ԥһǰ½硣
ֻû뵽ǣһ־ѽǰһִ
Ҳʱ򣬰֪̫᪲ʱھͺǿձ˰һԭֻΪץһ૑Ůӡ
Ԩ츳Ӥ૑
֣׵۹Ͽգ֣᪳ӤıԴ
񣬰᪴ۻǵãеӤ޵Ǻε˺ѷΣʺѪˮʿʶ
Ψһð᪴źǣӤıԴ󣬻ûüȥ飬һʼϲͷˡ


2092 ޼ڽ
һ⣬ޱͻȻ
ð᪴𣬶¡
ճƣ˼еİۣ᪴ħۡԾɲ
ۼѹ֣ħ̲סʦ˵ӤòǽħԨɣ
һ仰ð᪴۴׷ͷƲⲻӡӦýѰŶԡ
Ѱ
Ǹɽˣ
ħ۵˽¶֮ɫ
ˣѰںɴʱƾеɱﵣɱɽ۵ȵ۾ֵǿչŵз
һӦҲֻܰź϶̲Ѫƺڤµ˵ĵ̣
ԣǰ⽣ħԨźճƾ϶Ҳϲһ˵ӻпѰ
һ˷뵽ڰ׷ɱһĿ꣬Ƥ¡
ǻ̫
᪴ĮӴ˿̿ʼǴأҪǲ⻯ħԨѰ䡣
ʦģȥȥѰӣ
һɱڵΣҲӺӵ
Ҳӡ
Ψ᪴üһ׳յģӵɱ۾ֶΣٶкã
ħɫһͣڨڨѣʵҲеЩ¡
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ǣɾͺܿˡ
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ԶԶأѰɽ
Ҷӣ𣿡ıͭϻ
һЩֻάϵһʱ䡣Ҷƽͭϻ
ֻԸչڵ϶ѣ´ˡ
ѰЦЦգԶɽȥ
ǣɽ£ûκηһЩǿߵӰ
ĪǷѲ²⵽һıսʱԼµǿܲ糷ˣ
Ѱ˼ʱȻע⵽һɿֲı־ɽϳɨϯ
˲䣬ѰͫһǰеĽŲסü両֮ɫ
Ѱʱּ꣬ˡ
һĮɳƵ𣬴һ˿п
һۣݿʰ𪣬ͫɺʯ㣬˸âİۣ᪴ƾո֣ɽ֮ϡ
ѰȻ̧ͷ䣬һӰʶԼվǵ͹չڵѾݡ
ֲô˵ؼžˣԭڵȺĳˣǲ֪Ǻˣ
Ѱľ˲ָƽɫ
᪴Цһ֮µаƿڣ㲻ǵñ𣬵ǱֽıԴȡס
䣡
׻ѰǼʯԣ˿Ҳס𵴣ɫҲ֮
Ķɱͺ緭ڣҪ಻ס
᪣
ǸּѪĻԪף
֮ǰʱѰ˼⣬ȥչڣȥһλδıĳˡ
ȴû뵽ڽյɽ֮ǰ᪳ˣ
ʵѰЩ⡣
᪴۸п˵һе⣬ڤڤз·עҸڴ
˴ΣѪ˼ǰ򣬱Ϊ˽Ķ
˭룬ȴط˵ǸӤ
ԣ˿̾ĬѰ᪴ۺ׶Էĸܣ̫ˡ
Ǹã
һѰսڣѹѾõɱͺɽХӿȫ
̶꣬һ̣Ը̣
ֻҪй
굽·ϣһֱּҲҰӰĸʧ٣¹δڱԴҲᡣ
Щ꣬ɻ󡢷ŭĵףʱ޿̲ѰЩ޵Ԫףһղ֮޾ע޷
ΪˣŻĥѣھ֮ɱס
֪ĻԪˣֻһ޷ƿ˵ı
ŴӶźϼ˾֪ĻԪչڣּ֪Ѫĸıࡣ
Ȼ޽İ½磬ּѪϲ׵ط
һж޷ı᪱׵ʵ
ġܾˡ
ı쳹ѰԣƾţͷڷֲɱأƬɽС
ǧޣ޼ڽ񳯣
һΣѰٿĺ⣬ǻŭ
Ǻ侲ǰδеɱȡ
գ۸ʲôۣҲҪĻ֡


2093 һս
ɽУħۡ
ѰɢɱʱҲԾѣţһ׼ܹӵеơ
ĿѰɱƵı仯ҲһĨɫ
òϣ걾Ӥǵ׿һţѰǿչŵ¶Ҳһܹ֮ȼġ
ðв棬ʧȥԴѰӵнճɾ͵ģ
䣡
ضѰ̤գڵɱضУ޾ת
ھҪ㲻֪귢Щ飿᪺Ȼ
ɱȡ䣬ԿԵõ𰸡
ѰһҶӣ
ͭϻУҶӻһĨ貵Ĺ⣬ճ
ҶܹܵһεѰһˣֳһּĺɱ
ǰûй
ҶûѯʣҲûиѰһƾ֮µˣΪɲ⣬Ƶ۾عشڣ
˵Ҷʶ¾ǽпѰԷҲϲʹ
ԣҶһԲһʱͶ֡
ৣ
һ𣬲Ӳ磬ҡǺȻޱȵĽ⣬ҪƬضն
ҶӼ֮ƾһѹݷ硢ڤ¡ˬʡλ
һɽ̰Ľ飿Ƿһɱȡ
ɺͫתĹ⣬ͳ
˵ʱǰֳɺĵ۵ܻΪһž޴緿ݵͷڿգſɡ
¡
ƥ׿һȴֽ㣬Ǿ޴ͷɣʧһɶ
᪾һⲻ飬ԹԵϧҪ֣ɲ
Ҷͫ
ѰȻ߬ȭͷкӿŭȼհŰδݿǡ
һʶǰ԰᪵֪ǺεȵɿЦһ׼ۿɱȣ
ɽϣħ۵˽ظ֮ǰҶӳʱҲһ亹ǵȽ֮ʢǽԺëܵĪв
ãڰ᪴ǰһҲһ
ᣬϵıֶζʩչɣ򡭡ȱ֣ûʩչĻˡ
᪵ƬԵޱԸɫһֱĮᣬ߸ϵ

ǰ޴緿ݵͷ˻𣬸ɽӱݣֲĵ۾ޱߵѪɫѰϯȥ
Ҷӳ֣նǧ˺գɨȥ
¡
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ޱߵĽѪɫײ̫ɲֱҪƬضٵ
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۷ʱڵ޾һƵ۾صĴڣϧǣҲֻȥɱ۾صĶ֡
ҶӲδ¶κһ˿η壬Ӱƾգֻߣȴһ򵱹Īơ
һΣѰ޾ҲҪսףҶӡкξ壿
飬Ӳ
⽣Ѿ֧ŲסˣܹӺһ·ӵڰ磬ϲֻЩֶΰɣ
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˶ϻֻ֤ĴǺͼɵ
Ѱɱ糱ӿΪβȫ֣
᪳ĬƬ̣ͷ㣬ǽ飬ԱԣֵһӣΨһɵģ޷ϵһЩֶΰˣСʻ괬ɲ﷭
һתˣۻʲôն޷ıĽ֣
ԴǵĮɡ
žԶߵ񣬵ʼգ޽ᣬҲ޴⣬ƽᡣ
ԽҲԽĺ;
ĿһĻһļºѹ֣ǺͰ᪴ΪУһô˿־һ¡
ѰȴƲδܵκӰ죬԰һʤȯհֻ̬³һ֣
ɱ
ҶٴγӰ貣ȼƵģɱ᪡
ü
ֹԾݺѰ֪һ㡣
Ѱǽ飬ȴԵǰһɷǣҲҪƴһļơ
Ҫ
᪲š
ʶԳҶӣ᪶
һֻ̽գһգ
䣡
Ȼݶѣɺĵ۵ִһ𣬻һѪ
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Ѫ֮
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ֻǣһĻˡ
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ʵϣһ˲䣬Ƭؽ뾲ֹ߶ϵʱ֮ܵһ˲ĸš
׼Ծɵһ˲ʱҲδӦ
һ˲ɱҶУһ֬ƿӨ͸ƿУնһ
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ò˼飬ޱߵ׿â˺ѰķƿǰļУţ
ۣ
Ѫˮİۣ᪴һ͵طʹƺߣɫ䣬ɺĮͫŭ֮ɫ
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᪶ɣΪ㹻ǿһҪԽ룬ԽǺ£ԽǷŭ
㹻裬ƺһУɻһ˲ͳһ
¡
ڴʱ֮ǰʩչġѪ֮ɢ֪һ˲ɱε֮죡
ԶѰͫһɫ΢䡣
ʩչ֮ͨ󣬵һûֻܽɱһƿҶӵ
һж֤λ۾ǺεȵĿֲȫͲһĵ۾ɱȡ
ħ۵ɫǣһ˲ɱ˷˼Դ£޷ǿۣ᪴ͻȻܵش
һĻҲǴ̼ëȻǡһ˲˰ɣ
ৣ
˵ʱʱ죬ۼһδɱ׼ۣҶӺԥֳȥչɱһɱ

᪴ȣѪϢϯʮأֲޱߵɢɱҶ˲ˡ
飡
ҶӵɳȥӰİҲǿҪ֧ŲסϢѰ϶ԭǵ۾Ϊ
۾أ
ֻһ磬κ˸еͱ
ֹǧ
Ѱ𲻶ѲڣҶҲѸˣʩչͨҲֻܽԷˣ޷ɱ
˵ѰΣ


2094 һֻС
Ѱδ
Զİ᪣һּľȻ
ҶӣȻؽϻС
Ѱ
ҶҡҡͷܾˣͬޱȾȻ
顭
ôأ
ֲʲôη飡
Ѱ̲סЦˣֵܣ͸ƴһ
ֵܣ
ƺյľ£ȴһ˵ҶҲסЦ
Цúܲá
ĺܿģԭѰУֵܰ
Զ;ĩ·ѰҶӣҲЦɫǲмɱ
֮ǰܵشѪ޸һʱȴ޷ָ
ѲҪ
¾˴Ҳоֻ֪ߵغϣ
Сһ걾ıԴףգ㽫ѪᣬΪܣ
ɳƵУѺԥ֡
󣬸ֳһѪɫ֣ӳֳһͷӴޱߵӰ˿ž޴ͷ­𣬺顣
βҡΣ
ؽɽֱӾͻķɻƮķħ۵ˣһʱǱܡ
ˣǻǸеޱȵҪϢ
ŭ֮µİۣ᪴һʬɽѪ߳ľа񣬽ⷽضһƬֲУ
䣡
һӣһִɽβӳеޣգ̢
۾һϢѹɽӣһβĹǿֲ˼¡
ѰûܣΪͲܶܿ
ҶҲûܣǾ׼ΪѰ˵סһˣһͷųѹܽɱ
ԣˣ̬ƽȻ
ƥĽȼռ
ҶӳָģһѤôĿޱȵᴩʱն͸Ϣ
ضһ°
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ڵִڰ֮ǰһƬ嫵ǿ֮ϣһᴩǿգݿɱһ۾ǿߡ
һĻޱȵľޡ
֮ȣ˿̺նһҪ
ͬʱؼٴγһ˲ͣͣ¾ֹš
һ̢β񶨸ڻƵģΨһ续أХȥ
䣡
Զͨİۣ᪴˲ըѪƬضѪɫȾ
춯ذĺҲ羲ֹشơ
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󷽣βһִͨޣ趯ʱѪɫնݳ١
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ضѪɫ糱ɢİۣ᪴Բ֮أ붯Уݣޱߵɱ°Ǭ
һĻʵ̫ɲ
ħǻڣоϲҲп־塣
ϲǰ᪴û־ǣ˿̰᪴ɢƣǶðɪɪ
ѰҶӡȱ˿̶ɫأȵףǶ󲻵᪴˿¡
Ҫǣѱ;ƿݣ
С飬ʲôƣ㲻ͳͳʩչ
Զ᪴۵İ˿ԴУһ𷢳Ǭ͸ޱɱ⡣
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ӵе۾Ϊȴαشţ֮Ϊܴ裡
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ҶɫƽսԸһֻӣõ֣˵Щûˡ
ȱʼ磬ǾֻܸһսˣôҪҪ֣ΪСɱһ·
ҶӲ˼ȻҲϲŵ棬һεǿԴӦ󡣡
ȱ̲סЦ
ɾڴʱѰڣҪƴҲǴһ𣬴ᣬһ֣Ϊȡһ˲Ȼ
Դƽ˸Ȼĺ⡣
һΣƴУҲҪսף
ȱҶɫ䣬µѰǰ׷ѩϢ˥ݽߣƴ
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Զ᪴ҡŰ˿ž޴ԴϢɲѵ츳
Ѱ츳ģɡ
ԨĿ£Ҳֵ쾡¡
˿ѰĻ᪴ԼµһЩʲôֻȴҿ϶
Ϊǵ࣬ǣʱİأԵ̫˼飬Ҳţһ׼ϡ
д㣬ڽѰѹ󣬾ͽʿһѰ츳ײźεȾİأ
ְɡ
ûۣ᪴Ѱһϣɡ
ȱҶӶһۣԲȰ
䣡
Զ᪴ǰˣӴޱȵѹգò˼飬Ѱɱ
²Ϊʼʩѵסȥɣ
һΣ᪴ȡѵʱһֶΣһ˲䣬ͷųǧֵ
ÿһֵ׶ޱߣвͬܣ籩꣬ǵذϯ
Ƭض֣
һ¾ٴγһ˲ıһĻҲڲ֮ء
ͬʱѰҶӡȱҪ֡
ɾһ˲һµĮ
һֻСѣȥƴ
ʱдͷѰȱҶһ
ѰԺУ鲻ԽֳһӰϢޱߺڰУһӰһĴָϸʺ˫㡢˫šתɬ򲨶
ӣȼյһԴգ˺ޱߺڰޱ˺ѾĽ棡

֮飡


2095 Ű
ϣ
ѰԺиֶ֮ӰһдٿȻӳ
Ǭ֮䣬ʮ
ħۡˣѪܵɲĳ
ǺȻð
һֲ֮˹
Ŷ𣬾һǺӴӴҫ֮ϣױȵɱ֮ɽХɢ
¡
ؼŨѪɫֱӱɢưΨƥķâؼҫ۵Ĺ⡣
ڶɱ֮£᪴ʩչǧֵܵ籩ϯݿ飬¡¡׷ɡ
֪ǵ۾صÿһֵӡزأоγ֮ƣӵǬ֮
ڴʱת˲
ΪȲʤȯֿɶİۣ᪴ܣ㱻նһž޴緿ݵͷ­

ѪƵɺ̣᪴۾ʹ߿Դ˺ѷΰʹ
һĴԴ̻˿ԴУڱնһţ͵նһֵУ
𣡡
Ӵޱߵɢ׿Ѫ⣬ԶԶܿʲô˿£
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֮ǰҶһˣȱһᴩţҲû֮ǰ򶨺ʹݡ
ѰȱҶһĻ˴Ķһݵ𺳡
֮ǰǶƴĴ㣬ɶеĳ֣ȴһɨƣһϯص쫷磬ɨһУ޿赲
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ѰΪǰӲղҲûæҶ̲ס
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ѰǵãһڰУżµĮƽӰ˵һ仰
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Уһ˿Ȼ
ʱֻǼȾʱѰҪϢ亹͸
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ৣ
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Ψж˸գ类һֻεĴƿأķâֱҪٵأǣԾ˼¡
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ۣ
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ۣ
һ᪴۵ͷ­ն䣬۵Ӵڰз޴ɽβͶڳ鴤
ԭҲᷢɧȱ
Ҷ˵Դ˴γֺܲˬһǻĻйֻϡ
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᪴ǷŭǾ֡
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ৣ
зӣо֮ѣ½ն᪴һһԴѪƵк
ؼ䣬ǰ᪴͸žʹ˻Уˡ
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ǵּѪĻԪף֪൱࣬Ѱ֪һֻУĸǻ
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ȱЦԭǸоСû֣ԼûӰ
Ҷ룬ֻ֤һ԰ӺܴҲ֪ж
ৣ
ϱǳɲķâңңҶӣ˵֪ж
ҶӴ粽ãЩ꣬Ѱ˶ٵ۱ָԪɴӲκ󡣡
ǱǵķâȥĬƬ̣֮˵ĲסǱǷġ
ͳһ˿ײ⡣
䣡
һ̣᪴۾ͱһƬɲѹӴޱȵ岻Сָֻԭģ
ֻǣɫɷޱȣѪ类㣬Ϣ˥֮
ĿһĻħֻۡǰת·һ
ڰְۣ֮᪴һλڰĿֲڣȴ㱻ѹˣ
ӣ
Լͬأһͷڷħ۵ð
ֻǣжֻǰâһ㳹ʧȥʶ
ѰУԶķħ۵ˣϢؾͱնɱķѡ
ûеֿҲûвҽУûüӦ
Ѱ̲סĿ⿴У֮𣺡Խٸָʱ򣬱ذɱ֮У
£ϵһѰϣʹ˳š
ǲҴˣ
ҶЩ˼
˵ûҲû
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ҶظƵһ
ؼȣѪؼ䷭
ԶǱеİۣ᪴Ѱ̧˹ȥ


2096 ɱ
Ѱɫƽ
սʱɫдĺɱЩԲˣֻһּµƽ
ԽˣԽѰ
һϢİۣ᪴˿ͷһ󷢺ܵһ˵ı
Ϊ۾شڣ¾֪飬պգ˸ڮ١
ڣȴ䵽׸ҵز޴ҲЩܲס
ۼѰһ᪴۷ҪһжԵǰͽ͡
Ҳ
ѰǰŻԡѪҲİ᪴ۡ
һ仰᪴۵ĳȵף·𿴵ԺУԼӭ޾ĥ衭
ѰԴ᪴ѹ
һǻأҶӣߡ
ĸˡ
֮º⺮עΪǷ֮ء

һ죬ɽΪ棬չڳϷħۡ
һ죬ڰ֮֡ĵ۾ؿֲڰۣ᪴ѹ֪
һ죬ɽѰħԨ鱻ͬģԺΪӣĸ顣
Ϣ𶯣ǿΪ֮
ԭ⽣ħԨǱȫͨķɽѰһжĻ֣
˺Ȼ
һˣڣɨʮѰǿ󣿡
˾̾
ڰְۣ֮᪴һɱ¾ɷ磬׶ޱȵĵ۾شڣȴѹˡ
š
Կ϶ѰϣȻпֲޱȵĸֱӻһ
֮䡣
עҪ꣬չڣǺڰؽһɱ٣

ܿ죬ڰ綼䶯ʮУȻ󲨣ɽѰ֣ٶȱ
ԭܼ򵥡
ǿۣ᪴Ҳˣ
̫ĺ
ںڰ磬᪴۾һ˫ȾѪȵаÿһ֣ذȷѪꡣ
ǿõ۾ﶼη塣
ɾһֲڣȴӵž׼۾ΪķɽѰѹ˲
ϣŶôµĵƣ
ֲϵĴڣҲ´¶ͨӣȷ̫ˣ
᪴ѣ򱻽ңչڡӦŭİɣ

չڡ
һʥɾĵУƽɫ両һĨ
չƿصһ磬ŰħڵʮλѣȴҶС
ۣ᪴չһͨĿֲڣҲˡ
ĳش֮£չҲ붯Ϊ֮ŭ
ʦ嶼ˡ
ɫ粻
ƽ̣˳չδ棿Ժںڰ㣿ǷΪЦɡ
˱俪ڡ
УչһڴɫԳŭ⡣
ǽƣɢڰУ֪˵ſչڵЦ
ƽ̣˵ѰӿͨĿ꣬ƾ㣬Ҳϲôӻȥ
һһ𣬽ɱڡ
üеɱʦȵ۾ؾڣλãһ˻ǴӶ֣
һ仰˽ƿԣɫѿ
ȷ˱ƣѰѲǰѰҲٲ˭۸Ƕһĵ۾С
ټϰ᪴۵䣬̫ĺ
£˭ε
ͼӳһĻչڵλλѾ뿪ǰǿձ˰ֻλѵҪȥ֣
棬κιϵͳԣ綨Ĵڣǵ֮ʣײ
Ϊ˶ԸһѰͳȿֲ߰Ĵڣȫһˡ
ƽ̣ѵǾֻɫˮ
ǰǷ۵׵СϣȻһͷϣζֱ˷
İɣزؽǸɱӣ
ȻҲ޶ԡ
˵ţ´ˣȥʦ
Խۣ
һڴͫһԺ鲻ԽֳһΰӰǱǿչŵϣʮλУ
۾þߣһ£
˵᪴۵ԲôԽ۵֣۾ĺ
ںڰУزؽġ춼ۡչڵġԽۡԼͭȸ¥ġۡһ𱻳ɱ
֮ڵ۾ɱ֮ϣ޿ɱȼߣ
˽
Խ۳֣Ѱӻӵ˱ɱˣ
ϢأһӰڵУһϮ£ɢĿա
վڳУȴƻȻ
ֱʱŻһ£͵ؾѹ
᪵Ƹҡ
һӰڣڲͬĵطƮƮ죬ƽĮȴ巢
һһյӰޱȵͭƸյ˹ȥ
˵ʦһߣû䣬ǷܾȻأʦˡ
ӹڰ᪴۵ƣһӰϢؾʧûзһ˿
һ죬۾þߣСɱϵԽۣϢ뿪չڡ


ǳУһǣɫ㱡
ԭԨǰǷɽѰ޷ƽ
ĺ䶯ۺѰйص¼üǼһ˵ĸп
Ȼˣˡ
Ҳֻзɽˣܹӵ㲻˼ֶΰ
ǰͷİɣ⺮ᱻƿأʱֻҪһ£ұһս
ϣ֪Ѱȥ±ƿصЩѰ͡
ںڰ磬ֵǮҳϣֵǮͬҳϡ
Ѱֵ֤Ǯһ
⡣
һӰĬ㣬һϮ£ɢƾ飬£κϢ
ȴ˷Ĵڡ
գҡҡͷһʧԭأ⡣
Ǻڰɱ֮һ۾þߣ֮£ֻ۾
ֻһСɫУǣҲΪѰҼ䡣
һҵġ
⣬ԽĿԶ񷣬ľž
̧ŸҪ뿪Ȼüͷһ壬Զ
һʵӣһƺ«뷢ң룬Ʋ۱ͨ죬鸡
һѰɼľƹ
ɵʱԽȴͫһҲǸѰ
Ӵ˸ãʣ׳գû㡣
Խ۵£
Ӿƺ«ͷƷͣ̾˿㻹ǰ׳գȻֻдˡ


2097 ˺͹
ܣ
ԽüԾʮ֮ڣϲֳܷʤ
񷣡
ǰ죬ʵӣȻͬСɱеͭȸ¥ۡ
ʮ¿ɲ
ͷҡ˹ģ롭Ҳɱһɣ
Խ۳ĬƬ̣ͭȸ¥ʲô
һľкܡ
ԽӦأ
ಣ
Ӱƾʧ
ӣҼȶ㣬ӵȥ
ֹУǲӣһ߳պ¡죬˺ѳһ
Ӱ˽ȥʧ

Ӱ뿪иһӰٿһòѰƽƽĺɮˡ
Խۺʧķɮ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ǿܴһʹ죬Ѱұɡ
תҪߣȻһƹƴԶ
һѰΨһĲͬڣƤëỬһ۾֮
ʱ̬ԵúܽС
ˣҲֻһ˼һˡ
ɺɮڿƹĵһۣͻһɫˣԥתӡ
ƹһ۾УεĲмۿ˵ͣž̬ˡ
أ
һͳ׷ȥ
¾׷ʱͷ­̧߰ţоһְ⣬һ£ӡ
˼ǣ䣬׷ǺɮˣȻͺɮ˱ͬŲٶȡ
ɮɫһ䣬òͣٽŲ
ƹһŹֿһָ߸ϰĲм˵Ӱôͣˣôɱ֮һ춼ۣóĲǡһ˲ȥ١֮𣿡
ɮ춼ۣһλߺڰ֮Ŀֲڡ
ֻǣ˼һĻʱǷ費ɡ
˭ţ춼ۻᱻһ׷죿ҾȻ׷ˣ
˭ּһ˲мسڿ춼ۣ
ֱܵ߸˵ۣ
ֻǶԴ˿̵춼۶ԣǰֱ̫׵޶֣ʱɫ䶼Ƶظֳɵ֮ɫ
Ϊν׷᣿
춼ͳһӡ
˲ںڰ˲֪µĴڣĿܻ᲻ƹĿ£
˵أ
ƹԴһᣬһŹϾǳŪ
ΪѰ
춼ü
ԡ
ƹôҪҪʹ˰֣
ƾֶβã
춼üͷ
ƹԵޱţһһٵ³֣á
춼۵˵˵ۣǰ֮ˣҲò㡭Ͳ£
أ
ƹһݺ˹ȥ

һ½Ǳ˺ѡ
춼ֶͨΣ㶼ҧУ֪ƹǺε֮׺
ûԥҲûз춼ٴˣһסѡ
ʶʱ춼ֱӶ˼
ͺ¿Ӳģ
ƹţ׷ȥ
ܿ죬һһʧں

һƬؾУɽԸŻĻɬϢֳһֹԭʼϡ
Ƭؾ룬һ̨̨϶Ӱ
һӰԼ޳ĬһλƵķ֯Ʈӳĵɡ
ӰȻأ
һӰͬĬţȴһϵǿף͵Ӱſصļ
ѳĬܾá
һֽ˵һεĽ˭ҲԸһȿڡ
ӽƬؾֱѹȥʱ䣬Ǳ˴֮䣬˵һ仰
ȻԵú֡
ɿó˶ģ·˵ĳĬܹꡣ

һ彻Ƭصļž
°ѩüֿ˿أ̧һץһöС
һеݣĿٴοأڿˣ
ֱģСӲŻѡԳĬչԼĽҾ㣬Ӧرл
̧ۿһۣû˵
ӷ·Ѷһĺ壬ƺ˵һڣǾԸͽ棬㲻ҡ
Ӳüиоֵֹġ
һԸ£Ҳ˼£˹ҲĿ˵ĵز
ԣ֮أѹһǣԵУһ˿
ʲôԡ
˵оǺ飬Ϊˣһֹᴩһˡ
ԣܲ⣬ΪҪַʽнҪֵñȽ
ԣ˵һ䣺ɡ
û˵ֻǾ
˼
ĪؾЦ˻򣬵мŵģǣҵСӵϢͲ棿
һ̣룬ڿڣʦܣǣģӦŶԡ

ɼڣӽסЦô˵վǷɽˣ»õҵϿɣעһĶҲ޷
˵ţݸء
ԥһ£ǽӹ
һˣķ֮ãڳ粨Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥһ
Ȼ
̧ͷʵ㵱ھ׼۾ʱԵ۾Ӧԣ
ӺԥҶϲ۾شѹҵĻᡣ
һأ
ԵޱԸԴƽûһ
˵ұ𰸣ֳĽֻ·һΪ㲻ӣҲмȥƴĻѻʯޱĿܡ
ӵȻ˵һжǼ裬Ҳ㣬ҴӲκɱҵĻᣬ񡭡ҲˣܹɱҵģѾûм
룬ĻҪһЩ
ӾааǣΨûаһ֮֮𡣡
ŶһĬ
˵ȻˣԻ뿪ڲС
УǸǵŮˣƴֶΣҼһ⣬ȻѰ
˵⣬͸¶һܣǰ棬һʱ̣Ҳ桭ɲ˭ġ
Ƴһۣ㻹ûиңΪβ뿪
ӵߣֻᵢ

ԣһ͡·йص
˵ţתȥ
֪㵣ˣϣʦ֣֮ǰʵڵˡ
δ£ʧƬؾС
ضڵ̨֮ϣ˼ԼӰλöʡ
ǰǶԾ֮£ԷֻǸҪԷɱʱȴ⣬ͻȻ٣
ΣͷԳѰʦֵӳ֣ߡ


2098  ǫ
߳ؾһ
һ̣嫵ǿ֮ϣֶԶǾ޴ĺڰ硣
ܾúܾǰ֪Ա˰Ľֻܸǿչŵ֮ϣ޷ȡǿչŵıԴ֮
δ̽δ֪֮أűԴĴڣҲΪεеĻرܹͻԭ
Ҳ֪еΡ֮١ǿչŵıԴ䡣
һ󽫳ֵĵΡ֮١ǿչŵԴɱ䣡
ɱ䣬˿ɵ˿衣
ƿصĽҲ޷Ԥ
·졣
ųٽ٣һ
һѾõĵʣ֪
֪
׵ʣ̫ʱʦ𷽴ɽ֮
ǵúʦΪݱԴ䣬ޱȳصĴۡ
ʦĵУϲǰ뿪ġ
뵽⣬ӿһȻ
ĬãһӿһĨᶨ
ڰ磬¾һıʱҲ뿪
Ϊģǵȴǡһ
ʦԸ
ϡһȻһߵĿƾճ֣ſֲĺɫһһں
˵
ɫȻţͬ
չĺ˳赲סԽۡ
󺺹ֻǡǱ߳˵粨˵ɫ졣
Ѳ²⵽ʲôں֣
󺺵ͷЦһ·׷춼ۣ˵زؽĵϣһ·˵ò׳һˣһҪزؽͺ¿
ЦǴ֪ģ֪ľǰͺ¿
󺺵ǵϣ˵زؽǱߣҪɳȥԸƣҵġ
ӲΪȻ򹷻ÿˣǻɱ˴Ʋɣ
󺺵ǡǶ˵ѱۼǺϣĶˣںڰ
ӳĬƬ̣˵Ĳһҵȷٳ֣ȥߴƣһҴ£ұ뽫ԡ
ԡ
һ뵽ƹԵĵر뵽һ˵⣬󺺹Ӳ
ԴƳͭȸ¥Щͭȸ¥еϼһɶѾܾúܾûгԹˡ
ԭܼ򵥣˭Թ⣬ͻᱻһĴƺݺ˺ҧƫƫսޱȱ̬ͭȸ¥Щˣɶű׷ҧĲʹ
󺺲źۼ̿ˮϣһĻԭԭ
˵ţĦȭưҴȥˡ
һ꣬Ϊڷ絲꣬һٵòҵϿɡ
Ŀźڰ硣
ǾͲ䵱Сʦܡ

̫ʱ
ǣɽ֮Ϊͽڶ͵šǫ񡱡
ǫǫӣ
ֻϧ;ȫմϱߣҲ֪ǫѷΪ
̫ˣ˵۸ڶ˵ĿӣҲ˵һҪѡ
̫ɽ֮ջأЦŸп֮ǡģԽߣԽ޿ɸģġ
ԺͬУǷɽ֮ˡ
УĴӲܹͺڰͭȸ¥֮֮ˡ
֮⣬һ֣ᴩһ

ڰʮ򣬺ֻ֮һ
ѹ᪴ۺѰ뿪˺һ·ڰºˡ򡱡
һƬɷϿС
Ѱϥܣƽתɷʴ
µʱ䣬˾ĸҩĵرܽͨɵĵУ޸һͷѩ׷±ںڣµҲָ۷״̬
ҶڽϻбչأȱҲص鹭֮Ҳͬˡ
飬ںͰ᪴۵һսУҪãͬҲء
ԭǵԪδ׻ָһս󣬵ֽǴԭΡ
ʱڣҲעٰﵽѰˡ
Ѱġ
εĶǰۣ᪴ǻĵ۾شڣѰϲƴ
ƴսԺעٷˡ

ãѰӴȵԼǷں˿
ڳ׻ָˣ
ûٳɣѰóһ
飡
׽İ᪴۾͹ڵϣһϢ˥ߣӻ˹
ҰָѣǰѰɳƳС̲סҪֱʵˣ
ʣ
ѰҡͷģҲӲ˿˵Ļ
˵ţָӶһ翿ɫӰʣɷǹ
ͫĪһţҪԱѻ꣬Ǿǳ룬ˣǵ۾أһͷһ
ѰԣţΨָһ㣬ڰ᪵üġ
᪵־ڣȻһ֮ɱѰ
ϧ֮ѽն飬һĵжݻ٣ֻʣһɲлڣν
ѰУѲͨĵ۾شڣһֻᡣ
С飬С͵ʴף۾֮־㲻Ķܹ
ĿѣвԤԽԽǿң̲ס˻
ɺܿ죬ɫ䣺ʲôΪξܹǱ뱾ľ֮С

͸žŭɻû˵꣬ԴһᣬһĻ˯״̬С
类ߡ
Ѱڰüĵָ⣬ʦġԪʼľмصһطСһ
ܹʶĻ˯УӶʧȥһеֿ
ˣ
Ѱһ˫ֽһӡһεҲ֮ӿ֣ڡ
ʱѰ˫ӡǰֳ֧ľۻӳ֡
һطԪʼӡܹԷꡢľеһм;ѣһĻĻӳֳ
˿̸ѰǰһĻĻ󣬾ǰ᪼еĻ档
۾صĴڣ˲֪꣬˶£ɿӴ֮
һѰҵԼҪ֪һЩࡱ
֪ǷǰΪǻٵ۹سǡ
ʮսսšŵһǵ۾ֹ֮ءƺŵĹŻ۹سǡ
ٵ۹سǣƿعŻ򣬶ŻšԴ֮ءĳƺš
Ҳ֪ˣ֪ġ½硱ʮսбĹŻһɱԴ
ֱ᪴Ǳ½磬׵۹ʱĻʱѰ˫Ȼսһ͵඼Īشһ˿š
ּѪ࣬Ʋ߰˰ˣɱϾֻƲ⣬ûۼЩѪȵľ
ڣһĻĻͽӰ᪵ļ֣Լһһ۵ף


2099  컯֮
ۻһĻĻ棬ʼˮѰǰ֡
׵۹
ϽǣּϴķϿգīεĽǣؼѹ֡
ָԶϴķ壬᣺ǣǿиӤճãһǿ޷ıԴȥ
ߣģ¹ʤѩɫ͡
ֻǵ᪵Ļһѡ˾ܾ

ʱԼҵѪȾΪԼǣĸѣɵѪеһĻĻ
ͬ飬ٷԼУ
ž
һĶϣޱ㲻ȥұĽǣӤˣ㡭
׻£Ĭã̧ţѵԶּϴķ塣
һϮ£ҹɫҲð
ڵҹɫУһ߰ϵ־ɨӶ
ͬʱһ
֣
ɫһ䣬һҧǸּ֮ϴķ塣

ϴķϣƻ
ɵ׳ֵ֣򱻴ƣսɱرˡ
һ䡣
ϴķϷĻңϢ߽һͨķ䡣
УŵƽʣຢͯߣܰǴϣһӤС
ǰзŲƵĳȣ׼õһϸ͸Ĺǵ𡭡
Ƭ̺Ӥ˺ѷεĿ۵ϣƿһϸ˿ڣѪˮʶ
һմѪȵӨСزһͭڡ
ԣֻҪ츳ģ㻹С֪𡭡
׼Ӥ𣬿ɾڴʱ䶸
飡
ű飬һӰзѪȲ̵һĻʱ
Ŀѣŭ֡
ˣ¹
浽Ȼɢ
Ѱ˫ȭָ߬ģָڸס
٣ͫѪɫޱȡ
Щ棬ǰ᪵ļ䣬Ե鲻ȫҲ㹻ѰּҵѪݵģ

ٴγʱּϴķϣѱһƬڻ𺣸ǡ
ƾ߬סס
˻ŭ𣺡ΪʲôǽȡԴΪҪɱˣ
ɣ
Ŀ񷣬ǺڰҷһŮм
ϸ˵ŮսһϮȹڷƮɢſֲޱߵܡ
λ˵־Ϊط˭ģ
ᣬȴѴϲƵļɵͿ־塣
ͬʧȥǣ˻УΪʲôΪʲô
¹ϣǺߣ
ڰŮӽޱȵһһҪúûȥ
С㡪
Ӱߴ¹£뷢ŭţҰް˻𣬳˷ŭͷ
ߣ
ŮӵӰǰȻһһӡ
ǱǵأӲնһͨľ޴ѷ졣
䣡
һ顣
Ѱɫ粻ԺأԸһͽսŮӰ
һϮȹڷƮɢޱ߿ֲϢ
¹ΪС㡣
ӽնأΪ¹һӳֵ·
૑
Լĸף
Ѱӿ޷˵ıƺѹ֣·ˮ˰еһϢ
ٴϢ
࣬ԭģ

Ӱ᪼ȡĻһθʱѾּϴķĳ
һƬڰС
¹оһԺǱˡ
ڰһĮ
һ
᪺ԥӦԸΪ˳
ס¹£סߵӤԺǶֻ꣬ҪӤ֣㽫ΪˣȫĨ
һ
ǣ
᪴ӦһʵˣŮӡ
֪飬ٸҶʣС
᪻һٲҶ˵һ֡
˵컯֮
һȻʡ
һѿڶʵģǷŮƿصǿڵ
һʧҲ֪ǱͿˣϷʡ
ɫ粻һϣȴͲһ˿
治ϱá
᪴ףعŻ򣬳ͨ콣ڡ
ѰҲɻĸּѪһҹУ
ѰĬ˺ܾá
֮ǰһĻĻˡ
ּѪһϣ׵ĳּ֣ǿߵע⣬᪳ûǱ룬ȡԼϵıԴ
ܹ֮˳һΪĳ֣Լĸĸߣ
¹ǰӪʱѾһֻ˱߱ԴԼ
ãѰɫøӣһ˿ˣ귢ô飬Ϊ¹Ӳ˵ڵʲô𣿡
ţ
ȻѰע⵽ǰ᪵ļ仭һ䣬ֳһʥϢĵ
ƽ̣˵컯֮Уƽѯʡ
һ컯֮
᪵ԣһܹƿص
¶֮ɫ˽Ĵڣֻ˵ǰϹĴе컯֮棬ҵһ컯֮ıֻվֻǴ˵
ԹҲ˼컯֮㡭Ϊλ˵˽ܹƿѵѾ˽ˣ
¶ʧ֮ɫûʲôֻ֪ںѽ˽ƿһ֪ŮС
£תȥ
ʹʧ
ѰסҲ֮ǰһĻĸ૑ӽΪ¹ƿһ·
ǰѽȻ컯֮ˣ
ܹƿ˽ȻͬѰɱȣչƽӵ˵˽һͨ컯֮Կף
Ѱѽ棬Ҳ棬ȻޱĴĴڣǺε֮غͳ
ĴУصɾ컯֮֮ˣ
ѵĸǰ컯֮棿Ϊ컯֮У
Ʋ⣬ĸ׻ţΪ˶׷ɱѴ컯֮ǰ컯֮ˣ
һʱ䣬Ѱиֳִ⣬Ҳ޷ȷжϣУμסһ컯֮
ٿȥ᪼иֳĻ棬Ѿûκκ͵ּѪйص顣
ǰʱкӵ˽̸һĻʱѰע⡣
һ֮󣬳֮ٽ٣һƽ٣һǰδе컯
һ컯һ׵йء
·졣
ųٽ٣һ
ԭֹǻƺչҲ⡮졯
ͬʱѰҲ֪ˣ𣬱ۡ


2100 ֤
ڰ᪵ļУһǰִڰ磬һ󣬱Ȼ뿪˵ǰϹĴ֮һġ桱
֪ЩʱѰȻʶǰĿģķɽż
ֻǣɽɽѱ٣۾Ҫȥʲô
ͬʱѰҲ˵ͭȸ¥ܾݼۣۼǺ޵顣
һȻģ
ѰпڵִڰҲ˽⵽ͭȸ¥֮ˡ
ɻû뵽ͭȸ¥ֱӾܾۡǿչŵϣ¶Ҳģ
֪۵вʱƵֻͥܵͷò
˶Աȣ֪ͭȸ¥һֳܾǺεȾˡ
Ѱʱ֪λޱȵͭȸ¥Ƿɽڶ
Ⲣͭȸ¥ľ塣
˵ں۶Կ֮ˣֵþ塣

ʱͿѰǰһѩޱս
ͫһУ̫ŵϵ޷㡭Ҫʲô
ѰָԼλã꣬㽫ҵıԴߣգȻҪ
ۣ
δ䣬Ѱѻӵţ״ƤĤֽ֮أѰһŤƵıɺѪˮӰűŽ
Ϊ۾֪գԲᱻСϷŵ
Ƹоʹ࣬ޱضѰʲôе۾ʲôе۾ء
¾ǽĹͷ飬ݻ٣飬Ҳɱ
Դƽ͸һָ߸ϵļζ
ѰƻȻп᪵˵ֻȳû㽫ɱ
˶٣ŰأѪţž˵ֻһ֡
ƽ
ᪿŻȻӰƵѰĪһ䣬ʲô֣
Ѱڵ
֣ȴðɫһãζãܡ
ζţ޾ļ尾ĥ衭޷ѣ
㲻ԺһЩ⣿
һƽֻҪץסһ˿ᣬɡ
ģʱҲľ޷ѡ
Ѱɫƽ
˵ţѹ

һ̣Ѱ𸲸ƬϿȵĽӰһԶȥ
УֳһöɫͭիصŮӤ
Ϊ·̲ͭһͼƾͼָɵִﰵ֮ء
֮أիʼԴء
ӤԣֻҪѰȥѰһһ顣
ԴˣѰȤȤǣӤͣǷ˽һЩص顣
ͷɽʦйص
硰廹ϵˡ仰̲ص

䣬ʱš
ɽѰĺ䶯ʱƣҲƽ
ںڰǿ߶ԣʱ֮񣬶ϲ̫˼ȥ˵
ͨѰִУȥµģֻеزؽ硢չĴ
ЩҲҪȥͨһܹѹ᪴۵ˣֱȴ붼Ҫѡ
º
Ѱ置򣬽붫ڡ
Ҳڽ붫򲻾ãѰ˳׽ʶ͵۳
ͬʱѰΪ׼Բļ
ս۵ƻָ˴룬Ѱдʱɱȵѹ
Դˣս۳Ĭãֻ˵һ仰ǵһԽ۾ǵԻܵ۾һصˣǣȴòϣĺܱ̬
ѰԴ˲ÿɷûи߻սۣǽһãֻܵø죬Ҳҡ

һº
һƬհС
Ѱϥ
һʱδż·ǽһ·һУǴ£֮ʱҲС
ڰĶѪȺɱ¾޷Ӱ쵽һ·һЩ鷳Ҳת˲Ϳ׽
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һĲѰܣľˮ𡢰׽
ÿһӵʶ͵УѰһȻĹͺӦ
ˣѰѽӵеĴֱڸݡ
һеʱ;˴Уĥϡ
طȵ飬ȫرȥķʱ;
ǰһС
񣬾һУ
ȶصʽ£ѰһյһҲǿʼͻͽɱ䡣
ϾȱȱҩҲȱطдһʵ벻ѡ
Ҳһ죬ѰһУ׼Բز֤Ϊֻۣһ
һȥǾ·ϵĴۣ
ȥһжɿա
ѰһǿҵԤУ֤ɵһأԼѺͿµһؿ

ǿչŵϵ׼۵ɼ׼ȴëǰĴڡ
̫ʱڡϹʱڣڵǧ׼УҲҲһ׼۳
һУΪ̫ۡɬѡ
֮Աȣ۾ͬҲ֮٣һһһ۾򣬱ѿԳǵһ
ںڰ纮򣬽ε֮嫣ȴֻʮӵŵ۾Ϊ
Ϊε۾ᱻߵԭڣΪڵ۾֮µǿУ۾ѿؼǿ
͵۾ȣ۵۾ϡˡ
۾ǵ㣬˲֪޵ߵĲ
Ҫھ֮·͵۾ΪǼֱȵ춼ѣ
ǿչŵϣ̫۾ϣܹ̤۵ģָͷĹ
ִڣûһڵ۾;ɧĿֲɫŵѰ۾Ϊ֮η壡
ݹżأ̫ʱڣвپ۴ۺճϹʱÿһʱ䣬Żᵮ̤Ͼ۵·Ŀ۽ܡ
ֱʮУǿչŵϣѼ˵ĸǿ̤Ͼ۵·鷢
ǰһΡɽ֮УͥЩĴˣ֮ԻǰһΪرҪΪ̤Ͼ׼֮
Ψˣܹӵȥ֤۴۾Ļᣡ
ġױȾ޲Ļı־
ѰȻҲ⡣
Ǿ׼ԲΪЩоҲ۳ɵһεȼѺյ顣
ʹ
ģǡŽδҵ޵С֮·
۳ɵ۶̸ʲôҵ޵С
Ѱż
ΪԲĵнѴﵽԲز
Դ򣬶ĥԻнһĿռ䡣
ΣΪ׼۾Բһ̣ѰƾһԤУ۳ɵһ죬Ѿ̫Զˣ



2101 
ǡ
֮һƿصڶǳ֮һ
һ¥ٴλá
һϮ°ɫϢȻƵѰһãԺڻ·ͭеĵͼ
Ӻ뿪Ѵ置һࡣ
Աǰ֮ءĵͼѾн˴·̣⣬ٹʮңɵִ
һȺ߽˾¥Ϊ׵һ뷢ѩףƮȻɣ̬ϵߡ
ߣһȺŮ
ǵĵ˾¥ʳ͵ע⡣
ԭڣϵϢͳ˻ںڰ˺ܲһһӺݡϣ֮財
һԣںڰ˻ǿߣһ塢ζʱƴĶǣһһ⺷Ϣ
һȺյִڰĽɫûбѪȺͶĴȾ׽ݣ
жϣЩʳԺʱ񶼱ˡ
ѰҲע⵽һĻܹжϳЩʳӿľϲ̰ɱ
һȺǣͻȻһȺ
ѰͬЩ˸Ҷ֣ɡ
ΪΪ׵ߣһĵ۾
ˣߵЩŮٶž׼۾ģҲ׼ԲΪ
ƾһ㣬벻Ѱעⶼѡ
֪׼۱ͼ亱ȴλԻͬһͺܲѰˡ
׷һҪһЩƲˡ
һ˿ľŮĿһɨܣüζ
һ仰ͬ
һЦŻӶһȣʦãϾǺڰ磬ɽˮ񺺣Ǻܱȵ˵ģ
ԴУ͸ޱȵĽԽС
ʳֹͣ˽̸һ˸δֻ룬ֻԼ
Ůӵͷʦ˵ĶԣҲ˵ڰ类֮ءҲֻЩݲµ׶֮Żӵѡ
̸޼ɣΣҲƺ±Եõʮ㡣
Ϊ뷢ѩףƮȻɵߺȻЦеֱӶֱɣȺͺӲںڰ硣
һ仰ЩŮһ
飡
Ƶ³ؽһƲ˶£ܼƾ˭Ǯ
ʡ˶ס
ϣ£ƣĵɫζ磬Ҳǧѡ
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ʵ˽Žɡ
һʳİɣǲ󣬲ŵĻһˣ
һŲΪ˲õĴڣ˭롭ƽϾЦˡ
Ѳ𣬾͸Ͻˡ
һЩʳ͸塣
ѰԹۣ֪̽ѾʼˣЩļһֳκһ˿ӣͻᱻϡ
Ѱͬ̽ĺܵͶˡ
ʡһɫÿˣǲûеǸоˡ
ֻǣҲɣǷۣһˣԩƵߣ
飡
ȴ׷һ̧֣ԶǰǵһӣֱӱĨɱɵڵء
ãѱĨ
ԭֵգʱһɼžѹȡһʳͽԲɫ䡣
ǵľУǰڰˣʵǿûʱҲֵú̡
˭룬ǰ׷һԲֱӶɱˣ
Ƶʶ̧žҪ뿪ֻһ̣ӰһΣҲϢԵʬϣţдȻ
һĻ顢ʵҲס
ǳ˻Ƶߡƺúֵܲ
Ҳڴʱ׷ߵȻڣںڰ磬ɱǲҪɵģҲκι˼ɡ
סǺǲһ׹ڰĶͽÿ˽ŲˡѪС
ɱʴȣɱеΪ
ףֻҪǸˣ¾ǣҲΪ£κιǡ
̬Ӻݣһƽ¶ȴǲмǷԹĿϡ
ʺ۾˼ˡ
ЩʳһɫãձǺȻ֣⼫һȺƤͻ
ʳ̲סҪ뿪
ৣ
أʻȻεնѤõĵһʳ͵ͷ­ն䡣
ǣԵδ˼¥ķֺĻת˲¥ᱻһٵ

Ѫһ߾ͷʬ׹ء
յʣɫһ˿ܣʦҺȻ֣ڰһĥĺõط
磬Ҫսɱ̫ҪǼ࣬ȫ޼ɵչɱ
˶һƵķʣĳּƱˡ
׷ߺЦĲΨѪ֮ѵĥʯкܶϵͳĴˣԻѡǰڰΪľɱ¾ˣֱߡ
ô˵ҲԶǶ֣
ԾԾԡ
׷ߴЦȻ԰ݽ桢󡭡֮ҪǵԼһ˾ˡ
һֱԹ۵Ѱü仰ɵڽҲȥˡ
ǣ׷ߵĹ۵㣬ٲȻڰ׳ĵط˵˿
ѰЩų⡣
ڰѽʱ䣬ɴӲֻء˲Ҳˡ
Ҳɱ޹֮١
ҲڰУˣҲ˭޼ɵȥɱһͨɡ
ȻֻϵĳͻѰΪ˶ŭ
ǰҵ飬ҵȼ
ЩʳͽԱŵͨͨһأа
Щ飬ʲôţ
һһһƬϼϯ
ת˲䣬˱ҽƮ
ҲһЩ˱ҪŶ֮ززȴʵһ֣ɱ˸һɶ
ѪŨÿУһ˿ܡ
̲סĿ⿴һֱѰɱӿ
ʵϣµľ¥У˷ʵ֮⣬ҲֻʣѰһʳ͡

أ׷߿ڣֹʵ˼
Ŀ⿴Ѱ¶˼֮ɫΪμȲģҲܣ
ʡҲĿ⿴ѰֻУԾԾԣΪѰ俴ЩһҲǿԺ޹˼ɱĶ
Ѱûᣬһų𣬱ͭϻ¥ȥ
ʼգûпһۡ
ڰ׷УѰɣĸ֣
Ŀˣ



2102 ʢ ز
վס
˺ȳ⣬ζʮ㡣
ѰûᣬԹǰУ̬ЩŮɫЩѿ
ߡ
׷߿ڣˡ
ʡ˽¶֮ɫ
ֱѰӰʧ׷Ż˵ǻҪסһ㣬ںڰ磬ˣô־Ͳ
͸ǳˣ¾Ǻ޲ɱԷҲмǲҪ
˵󣬰׷ЦЦȻҿˣСʻ괬վûġ
ʲʦҲǼһǳ
һ׼ֺۣ˲һֳţԲװģ֤ɵǡ
׷ߵˣСһЩҲá
һϳء
˼ҲЩ
´л棬һҪһСӵĵϸ
Ҳ߰ɣһġ졯֮ǰǻһҪȥ
׷ߴһ˳¥ȥ
ʦǴоҪȥʡ
׷ߴ³һ仰
ǳǣʢᡣ

ֱ뿪ǣҲ׷һ׷Ѱ΢΢Щ⡣
ϼһǲ
ѰҡҡͷͽС׵Ժ
ʱ··ͭͼָķǰС
һ·ϣȻһˣϻɽˮϼ¶ľǰδеĳʡ
ĬȻ
Ǹ·һС
ҵĺڰ磬Ѿ޹ء
Ҵֹȥ˰֮á
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ڰʮ֮һԹ㱻زؽƿء
ƻǺ嫵Ľϣ׺ĳǳأÿһǳУ޽šز
ÿһУԹһ֮񣬴һǵزؽĿʦزص۾ԭĿ
Ƽǡ
ƻڶǳ֮һѰȻһ߽ʱͷֳ޵УһЩ㡢¡ɫĮĵزؽɮڡ
֮ЩɷǿߣһҲһ࣬¶غ͹˳֮ɫ
ѰͿһӵ׼۾ΪǿߣһȺֻʥ˾Ϊĺɮڵͷ
Ѱ⣬ɴҲܿһƬزؽƿصĽϣزؽǺε֮ǿ
ѰɮڳУ˸ǣ
˵ЩǰǿߣѴ˷ǰǳˣ˵Ҫμӡʢᡯ
ʢ᣿
һǰδеʢ£˵ɵزؽչͷһٰ죬ΪǺ͡졯йصϻԵ
Ҳ˵ˣһʱ䣬ͥʮս壬ԼһЩ̫ŵɳǿĶ飬˺ڰ磬ƺΪǡ졯
һѰע⡣
ʵϣͲѰ̽ͺܿ˽һС
ΪƼǵĴСϣۺ͡ʢᡱйص飬˲֪ѡ
һ󣬵γ֮پͻή٣죬Ҳ֮䣬Ϣµע⡣
Ͼ¹ء·Ҵ˵ϻԵ񶼲ֹ˭ܲ⣿
֪ڰ磬ǡ֮١뱾Դ֮أ
ˣһʱ䣬ǿչŵеһЩϴ½ˡ
Ƿ׷׽չڡزؽǿŲ֮˺ڰ磬һӾڰĺ䶯
֪УڰǱ޵ųһƬ֮ء
¾ǺڰͷҲͳжԣˮݡ
ź͵ӵľƺˣʱǽںڰͷǿŲ󡭡
ʢľٰ죬˴۾ٰʢǵزؽ硢չڣʢģǿĸ
Եúܲ˼顣
Ѱ˽⵽Щ󣬵һʱͲ³Եɡ
ǿܹ֮ͺڰǰӣкһжΪǴڲ·ġ족

ġġУͬҲԺڰĵزؽ硢չڴһһԸɽ
ЩһҲΪһ֮ͽֵ
Ѱ˰׷ߡʡһˣЩڼĽɫΪλںڰˡ
ֻϧֵʢ࣬ɹһʢ᾿Ҫʲôȴ˵֪
ΨһԿ϶ǣ˴ʢغйء
ǵȵطȥҲա
Ѱ˼죬ϣʢὫʮǳĻǳǾѰڵƼǣ̫ңԶ
ѰǾȥˡ
ǵزؽ硢չڣɶܵ۵µͨ
ѰԣʢٲȻһУһݱʶƣ롣
ѰĴйһ뿪˳ǣ·Ȼע⵽Զĵطһϵ
ߴΡ룬ͨһҹڰ֮ɫׯࡣ
ǰһ׫дšزҶ
ʱǿڵزڽÿһɫׯ࣬һ˿ϡ
쿴ǱǵزƻڣҪеõӻҪɵҲҪɱֻÿ죬ǰزĤһˡ
Ҳˣһںڰ޷ˣԻǰزؽĵѰӡ
˷ܵߣҲȥ
Ѱ̧۾Ϳ˺ѣһǵز
ֻҪĤݣܵõӻ
Ѱ䣬ԶһںɫевƵظֳһͷ£˱˵飿
һţѰһ߳ǵزȥ
˴νƼǰҲ˵ڵزؽƿصĺ嫽УÿһǳУ޽Сزйһ֮񣬴ޱǵزؽ翪ʦزص۾ıĿ
ѰҲ棬Ҫһ̽
Ͼ˵͵زؽ硭ͷ
߽Ѱֻǰһ߽һƬžڰ硣
ӳģһĵڵשʯ棬ɫļ¡
һյյͭƣƯܣƻҡҷʥĹ⡣
ͷһߴаɵķ衣
࣬ʨ롢Ѫȵʯ񣬼ǧ֮ࡣÿһʯɢŲͬƺϣʱܴӳѹ
УͬһͬΣģȴޱȹ졣
ͷʨƴţߣ񡢽ţ¹βȮ
ѰҲ˵һЩйءĲ񻰴˵ǰһȫԳǡŲ񡱣
̾裬ͫպϣɽͨ帲ĺڰУһԺڰеɢơ
ʵ̫ļˣ˭񶼻ᱻ壡
ѰͫһУĪ⡭ǵزؽĿʦ


2103 ͨ
زؽ磬ڰͷ֮һ֮ʢǿɵ
һֲĿʦȴһͷŲޣȻԵ÷˼
Ǿ޴ķ죬ѰŲĿ⣬ܴ
ڰͬһɴһڣǾ޴ĵϣӰء
ÿǿΪߵͣɫϣͷߵءÿǰ԰һ״¯¯ڵȼһ㡣
˸ɢһƵ㣬Ƣ
Եޱׯࡣ
ע⵽һȴѰͫһ
ˣ
ϢأѰʶеԪͫף˫ǰһɬӡ
ͬʱѰͫиֳһµâ
Ƿɽʦֲڵĵűصһطͨ
תطϿɶ֮䣬¿ɿ֮棬
ӺųƷɽеĲүӵеı￰ĺ֮䣬֮屦
ޱʱǡͨ˹ûã
ſۡʱ䣬ѰҰľһ䡣
ͼǾ޴ĵ£ӳֳݺύĵͼɬĲ
Щڵصǿǰ¯ǡ÷ֱЩͼ롣
ŵͼת¯еȼһ㣬Ϣͷųһֲ˲
ЩǿĤʱҲǻȻûвһϵĴԸڱһ˿˿سȡӿǰ¯֮У
һĻѰжһ
޴ĵһ׼֮أͨµĵƴΪ¯Ϊý飬ְֻ㣬ЩĤݵǿ׼ƷΪǳȡԸ
֮Ըÿһ޵ڳʥʱҲ¹ʥԸԸ
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統桰̨ϣѰƾĴԸΪʥͣӶõ˷ɽ֮һ׮ϴС
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Ѽ˶Ըزؽ羿Ҫʲô
ѰҲǷѡ
ڰʮУн֮һ磬Աزؽƿء
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ڴʱںͰ׷һ˽̸ɮǰ̧һУǺɫ̨ȭͷСС
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ܿ죬ʣѰһǡ
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˵ţҪת뿪
Ǻɮɫһ˵ز뿪㽫ҵزؽ統ʲôˣٲȥ£Ҳ
˲ٹעĿ⡣
ɮڽԴӲͬطɫĮضѰ·ֻҪΥ棬ͻὫ˴
ףⲻĿ˵ļһ𣿡
ߵĶҲ˰׷һ˵ע⣬һȵôҲˣ
Աߵ¶Ϸ֮ɫƺֺϷˡ
λϵôˣǵ۾ɮʵ
ϵãֻʮǰйһ֮Ե׷ɫȻ
۾ɮŶһ΢Ц뿴Ϸ򵥣
˵ţһ֣ԶǺɮ´ľףٽӣôŴ˵徲
ľ׵ĺɮˣǳвѰһԣɽһҲ´
Ϊˣǹҵģ£⣬Ϊͣ˷
ǣ
һںɮ
һɱ֮
ѰԭǴ뿪ģΪҲһز޼£޷زؽκӰ졣
ȴû뵽գ۹ѣԼֳˣ
ңԷĿǴɱԼ֮󣬻ԼƳɵ͡
Ѱסһ̾ɱ̫ˡ
ɱ
һںɮ˳һɫĮûи鲨㣬ɢźڰ⣬ǿ֮
䣡
ǵĹûȳ嵽Ѱǰ뱬ƮһЩǵѣ̶ı
Щɮڽͫһη壬Ǽ
ǵزشˣ޾ĿģĲݣҲ޵ɵġ
ϧѰ
ǼȻôϲ¹ǾͶ°ɡ
ѰɫȻԭ˿
ȴףһںɮľը죬ֲޱߵܡ
˲䣬׻㣬鴤ͨͨһ죬ȫ˵ϣѪƺߡ


2104 ս۾
زǵزؽĵ̡
ʶһںɮڳѰʱʡ˽һֵ̬
һʱѰǡĿˡɣнԺܲ
ǵҪĿ˵ļһ﾿ж͡
󡪡
ǾͿһɮ˹صһĻ
Ѱԭظ֡
һĻʡͫ׽һ
ЩɮǿҲŲʥΪûһ׼ۣǼһһ仰ѹҲңͬҲ԰쵽
ʳڡ
һˣҲ׼ΪʡǾ׼۾ڣЩԾѰǡԳ桱ƣɲе⡣
׷ߵȻţۡ
Աߵĵ۾ɮüѣһĿɮ˵ȥ¡
Ŀɮ˵˵ͷӰٿȻʧԭء

һںɮڹأѪ类һȺӣ޷ͷ
һĻǹھ޴ϵһڡ׼ߡ׷׽Ŀ⿴ɫ𺧡
˭ҲţϾ˸ڵزؽĵϵң
һʱ䣬ȻеѰһӳȫĿĽ㡣
Ҳڴʱɮƾճ֡
ûзϻֳֺɫȣѰɱ
䣡
ӿգ޾ɫ⣬۳һׯϵķӰһѰɱ
Ѱָһ

ıУɫһը۶һӰҲ羵ˮ°׷ɢ
׼Ϊĵزؽ紫ڱѪӰһģúݺݵڵأɫɷףҡ
һʱ䣬޷վ
ȡ衣
Ѱڽ
Ϊѹսȵ۾һĿܻὫһ׼طУ
š
ĿһĻЩ׼ߡԶķʡһ˽𶯣ɫá
һָ䣬ȣش
ٿѰƵ̬ʱγĶԱȣҲġ
ǿˣӿɲѰľ׼ۿɱȡ
Ҳʱ׷ſڣ磬ǵĻǷҲܰ쵽һ
ʡȫԸǻҲ԰쵽Ѱһָ̫ˣԸȫ
뷴Ҳɣһʱƿԡ
֪˺ǿ
ǵ۾ɮɫЩѰǿҲеͳԾǣ׷һ֪Ѱǿȴѣһֵ̬
ǵ۾ɮɣ׷ǾҪѰ֣ǿزؽ֡
ˣֻѰɲж͡
׷ɫһ䣬ЦЦȻҪæĳԲԹۡ
ˣҵزؽϣѹһССˣ˳Ц
۾ɮɫĮӷ˵âңңԶѰ
ͬʱѰҲĿ⿴ȥ䣬ģԺزؽ粻ֹ˳Ц
һ仰׷ߵ˶һôĿ
ǵزؽĵ̣˭֪Ϊڰͷ֮һĵزؽ磬ǸǿչŵϣҲһԼɵĿֲ棿
˭ָԽزؽ
ߣ
۾ɮͫ׷ɲɱһӡ
䣡
طһƬۣһƬڰ磬ѰԼ֮ظǡ
λҿӣ
۾ɮɫĮһƥܣƱã۵⣬ܻɱ
һһĻʡԺнԸֳһͷ
һˣ
۾ǵԽִ˸֮۾ɮһ֣Ѻ
ɾͬһʱ䡪
䣡
һѵĺ쳹ֻ͵һͼɵ۾ɮִƵ磬类ĭ㱬顣
һεӰϯĹӳ̬׿Ȼ
⡭
ʡ˵ֱӴǣǿǵ۾ܻ֮ᱻ׼۾
̫˼飡
һ̣׷ҲһԭȻɫڱˣ¶ݣΪ۾ڣ۾ǿ
֮ǰ۾ɮĳ֣Ѱ򵥣ǵȵ۵ܣѹ۾֮һеУ
ڣѰһ׼ۣȴһð׷߶ЩţҪ߸֪
У˲õɱﵣܹŤת֮֡׷ƶϡ
ţ˭ܹԽ۾ǵԹҲ
ԣʶΪѰһЩԼ
ǵ۾ɮҲ𵴣ðɫ
һˣֲøǰ£ԭ̣ڱУҲһֻϣ
δ䣬ٴγ֡
ˣ
һɫ۶ɵķӡƾճ֣ӡʢ֮ϲŻɬļµĵ۵
һӡĳزƽӿ֣ڵֵͻֲ
ת˲еһжᱻĨһգ
䣡
ӡ貣Х֮ƣĪ⣬ֲޱߡ
Ѱ˷
˵ǵ۾ɮֵһ˲Ѷ֣ӰƾŲƣչұۣһȭ
һȭ
ֻǣһȭѺȫһȭ¯ӳգԨ񷣬ƥĴ򣬳ֳһֺ춯أǰĴǡ
䡪
춯صײȭͷӡ棬ŵĻɽһ˲ͷųƥϯ
ʱ䣬زиǵĵƽ֧Ųסˣֱӱѹ飬Ǿ޴ĵΡķ衭ȫ֮һա
Щ׼ߺͰ׷һѼƲ˳ȥԶԶؿһزӵĨƽʱΪ֮
䣡
һͷųɢƻǣǳأԼеĽ͵
ֲڳǿߣԲȻëȻܾȺƵģֻӴܡ
죬˸ڵزؽϴƻ
ӣ
ܡе۾ְ
ӣӳ⣬עסˣ
ӵĴڳвͬ쳹ڳ˻ںڰǿ߶ԣ̫Ϥֶͻˡ
һʱ䣬Ǿƾḻ飬ȫ˳⡣
׷һҲ⡣
Ѱ͵۾ɮһսһ籩䣬ټƻǣ븲֮С
عѣؼ䶼̳ɢ緢һʷǰĴ
ӳ⣬һĻʱԾһ亹нٺ֮С
ҲûӳɥڳУ
ԶԶһĻʡһ˽ɫãӿޱߵĺ⣬Ǽһ
ǿ
׷ת˸âһ̵Ҳ޷ƽһǣͱٵˣ
ˣɸһս
أһϵı쳹񷣬ð˷Ʊ
ͼǵ۾ɮӰһֺɫհ㣬ڿնӳ֮£ϵ


2105 ɱۣ
ƽۣ
һ۾ϳǵ۾ɮǵزؽպһλ۾һֱƻڣ졣
Ȼһս
𺧣ƽ۶ˣָúεǿ
ޱɱѹַΧУѰǾεӰ̤նһ㣬ҲӳǵҰС
һ׼ۣܡ
ʧг
ʲôʱ׼ҲҸ۾аˣ
ңĿ̫࣬ϡ
϶ڱȥ׼
Ѱ췢һХӰҫۣɱ񷡣
Ļһ㵣Ŷ䣬ǿǶƽۣһ׼ܺģ
ɽһĻĻȴйעһսˣȫܣԺһհס
һսˣƽ۳ȴûڵһʱɱǸӵž׼۾Ϊˣ
ȫ߸ǵ֪Ŀһδе漣ݣ

£ԺƵһƬ
ѰͶƽۼսһӰת˲ͽٴΣɱƬ붯°޹⡣

ƽִһħƣɱ
źɫĵ۵ܻơ𾭡šľ㡢ͭӵȵ󣬴Ź
ԶԶһ紫˵еƵģׯأ졣
¡
ɱ£糱װɢԵޱߡ
ǵ۾
Ͷ֮䣬л֮
ȿֲɱѰֵúѷɫӲӣӳԨ֮¯֮кƾ֮ƣ粽ãħ
ɱ
Ѱڷ硣
ѹڴڵĻսۣѲĶ֣ͬǵ۾һصĶƽʱԵޱţȻ޵֮ɡ
䡣
ƽ۾ɫ䲻ѣдš
̤۾۾֮֮ˣԲУɱ֮ոݽס
ڣһ׼ۣȴӵ۾֮ǵһ󾳽磬ɱһ൱
ǿչŵϣڹɶƹ򣬵߸֪顣
öƽ۲˼ǣѰƿص׼۾ٲȻѼȱĵ۾ûʲô
ҲսʱͷųԶԶ˾׼۾ӵеķ룬Ե֮
ǿ˭
ƽԽսԽľѶĵ۾ܣκαɶսȴһ˶ûռ
Щ޷ܡ
õ۾ȴһ׼ɱһ൱ȥֻ֤ܲΪ˵Ц
ɱ
ƽ۲ٳɣѹ׵ͣӰһӱΰߴ֮
һִħƣһнɫ۱ͨǵأض촷ۣضݳɾ޴Ĺ֡
϶㲻С
һѰԨĺȼڵĶ־ԥ޷
ৣ
ѩĵ˺ޡ
۵ĵǧɳֱӶƽ߶طɱ
һ˲ƽ۾ͷƺߣǰ˺һĿĵĵˣƤѪ졣
㡭ǡ
޷ƽһӾϳѰݣΪһĻ˭֪ԭ̫ŵϵ޷ɽѰá
ɻ˵꣬ѰɱˣݺḲǣѤöض¶ڡ
ƽֵܣȴɱμ穣Ǳ뱻ĴС
ûãϾ͸
ܣ޷̫Ե򷨣
Խħƺͽɫֵ类ããޱߵĵնǧٿˡ

ƽۻԡѪĿѣ˻𣬿ʼƴˡ
ȼƵģڵ۾һصƱ߷زƬضֲС
ԴˣѰȻ壬ս£Ѫţսȼһĵ뷨ﵽ
սĵڶ۾ûнҶӡȱ֮ƾ֮УѹƶԷ
¡
սңԶԶһããϢǣ翴˵Ӱ
ʵϣս۾µǿ߶޷Ҳʶȥۿ򣬱ػ⵽
ɼˣǻǿʲôһ׼ɱ֮ںһ۾ս
ƾһ㣬ţ
ۣ
սУƴĶƽۣٴαش޷նұۣɲĵɨ壬㽫롣
һ̣ƽеŭɻţԱһ޷ľȡ
ܹһ󾳽磬Խ۾֮ǵȥһ۾սѿǧδй׳٣漣ˡ
ڣѰֹһһӲУ׽һλ۾ѹƣش죡
ȥ˭ţ
µĵ۾е㤣
ѣ㣡
أһȻ쳹ǰ׷ƾճ֣뷢ƮȻӿźĵ۾Ϣ
Сģ죬Գ֮Ҳ²ⲻǡ
ƽ˿ͬʱѡ
ɲ˵꣬ͱϣ
ס
׷УѸֳһڵϢʮأɱԥͳˡ
ƽнʲôǼһѰɱ᪴۵Ǹɽ
ҪٴʱжȻ䡣
ͼѰܣٿȻӰÿһԺѰһģһɢϺ䲻ͬϢһѰһǿ

ҲѰһΣսʱã
ľƿƿ޷죬ƿӡˮƿƿ׽ƿضС
һ˲䣬ƺѰһ֮ʢֱӾͽƬظǡ
ƽۺͰ׷Ӷͷ
һǰ죬ֶ
⻹ô
ϼһԩ޳ȴ޴
һ̾ͬʱѰͬʱ
һˡ
¡
ľɫâ
𣬻Ӷ޷졣
廯ɣΡɽ߷ӡ
ˮ塭
һӣ类򱬣ص۱Ѱķһϣ糱ˮɱ
ǵһĻֱ˾
˲䣬ƽۺͰ׷ߵӰͱû޾ɱ֮С
ţĲҽкͷŭŵ쳹

С飬֪˭
ǬԶԶɢ
ɺܿ죬ҲȻֹΨǿֲĵ⡢Ƭת
λ۾Ӱ类еĸƼƵģݺ˺飬޾Ѫ
䣡
ʮԲرϢ⣬ҪƵġ
ǹ֮ˣԶԶӿʲôҲʲôҲӦΨڵĿ־;ԽԽŨ
ÿͷԸֳһͷ
λ۾
ò˰ɣ
̳ɢǶ񱩵սؼȥ
Ƭأ㣬Ŀ꣡


2106 ԭ
̳һĻ
Ŀġ
ǵҰָڿ֮£粻˶ƽۺͰ׷ߵӰ
ΨһεӰһ˱ֱĳǹƾԣɿ
ʧǣ𺧵Ժհס
ˡ
λ۾һλ׼۵£
ֱʯ쾪
Ե۾֮µ޵߶ԣ۾ǵδܹԽɾڽգһǰδе漣ˡ
鲻Խ֮ǰңԶĺУħԨķɽѰһٻʮλѹ᪴۵׳١
ʱº䶯ڰ磬֪𺳡
գͬλ۾䣬һ׼ۻܣ
ڰһֱܶѪȣ۾ȴǼٷ
ԭڣ۾죬ɺѹһ߰޷
̶̲ʱȴ½еɵ鷢β
˼ǣǻɱ۾֮ˣǵ۾Ǿ׼ۡ
ǼһǼһòǷɽѰɣ
أ˲ڡ
һʯǧˣ䶯
϶ǿչŵ£ܹڲɵʱɱ۾ģֻѰ
ԭ
һﱻȫͨȴƺ£ڵزؽĵϴֱ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ɱ֮Ҳ˺޼ɣ
쳹𺳡ȻԾηп
ʡ˽ɫɷף巢һʧǵģ
ʶһμʱΪΰ׷߻ֹȥѰ鷳Ѱ뿪ˡ
еĲѵȻ޴棬Ŀ־ȡ
ԭ
ãʲſɬ
ԺɴͥĿܻ᲻֪Ѱ
ڹɽУͲ֪жͥĺĴ˱ѰɱĶܣ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽Źȥһʱ䣬׷ɱķɽȴѳɳĵز
޺ʦˣǡô죿̲סʡ
޺㣬ǰ׷ߣһλͥĵ۾
ԵޱȵùⱾһ̸϶ϵսȴΪĲ֣ȫͷһ
ȥǳǣ
ҧϡ
ʢͽǳٿǳͬҲƻУⱻٵƼǲ̫ңԶ
ԤɽѰƼǵϢȥȻͷע⣡
οƻ򱾾ǵزؽĵ̣Ѱڴˣնɱƽۣزؽ֪Ϣɿưոݣ

ؼž
ƾѰ˿̲ûʲôϲúܡ
֮ǰڲõ۱£Ӯսۣοڣ
ܶƽۺ޺㣬İ֮С
ΨһѰпǣ۾Ĳɱ
֮ǰѶֶΣƽ۶˵ĥ궼˺飬λ۾δȥ
ǲѪպѵԪ񣬽͸ڵ۾־ǰܹĨġ
ǵ۾ԽܣҪɱȴѡ
Ҷӡȱ֮ǳ֣֮ܳɱ۾Ϊžѹ
ѰͲһˣյվĵ۾
֮ǰ磬ʱԴǵĲѪͲлԺ϶лָϣ
ңԶĵطһۻȻѰ˼һʱʶ
ݱ¶ˣ
ţ뿪ݸװ
ಣ
һ̣ѰӰһʧããؼ䡣
һ죬ɽѰƻƽۡ޺Ϣ쫷㴫ڰ磬䶯

ǳǡ
һʱ䣬ǳǾڰһʥ֮أȻ͡
ΪҪٿʢĹϵֲڳеЩͽ˺֮ȫһա
ǳ⣬ǵزؽ硢չͷĴˣǳ䵱ŻĽɫӭǿǿߡ
ʦ棬ͥʮսǲĶ飬Ѱڳоס
ˣһЩ̫ŵɳĶ飬ҲѰ׵Ԥ˴ʢĻʱȻһ׮ǰʢ£ҵزؽ죡
һزУһľ̬ӵɮö
ǰһɮ˹ڻرɫд˹˳;η
ľɮǵزؽһ̫ϳϣš顱һ۾ؾڣ
ӣͳͭȸ¥ˡһֱûг𣿡
ɮҡͷͭȸ¥κζ
Ҳãҿ۴ӹ֮طأڰͷҪɺڰͷˡ
ɫĮݵͫ͸⡣
˴ʢᣬǿչŵϵĸԷʢǰΪ͡족йصһЩˡ
زؽչ֣䵱˶Ψͭȸ¥һֱûжһļơ
ң˽⵽չɳȥ׷ɱɽѰġԽۡȴ·;ϱͭȸ¥ۡ
ǵزؽɳġ춼ۡͭȸ¥ߵƹ׷ɱӴܣֵúҡ
öܻɣͭȸ¥ôǷǴӻǷɽˣԿ۵ּ⣡
Һ۶Կͭȸ¥ؽ߽⣬Ǻɮ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
һҪ˵ʲôһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
һɮɫصʦ棬ɽѰƼǡ
յõϢһһ˵
֪ƽ۱ɱʱз˵âòⱵˣҵزؽĵҰ
͸źεɱ
ɮ˵ǵʦ棬ɱֶ֮Σǰʢ¡
üڴˣӳǻòͷˣϲҳǳǡ
룬´һȫͨ׷ɱӣ
ɮɫʦ棬һ˿ɸǴӶ֣᪴ǵɶˡ
ѣѰܱͨġ
ޱģֻҪܵһʱټԻǰȥɱ
ԭˡ
ɮ˰һҴȥ

ͬʱǳеǿߣҲ˵Ѱɱƽ۵顣
һʱ䣬Ҳ䶯
Ǭ䡢ġħƵȵͥӣǷߺޡ
ǿǶѰ֮ǣ
һЩѰ϶֣ġױˣһҲǳǡ
˵ЩϢһĬˡ
ɽĻŲһʱ䣬Ǹھʥ޵еļһӵɱ֮ܣ
˶ԱȣЩѰ֮ͬӣԵˣĪĸо
ǺѰѺǲһҲԶԶܹȥ׷Ϻͱȼˡ



2107 Ѱı
زؽĶѸ٣һ죬ƻǺޱȵĽڣÿһǳзֲĵزؽ紫˽ж
ĿģͨɽѰ
һʱ䣬ӿ˲֪ٹעĿ⡣
֪ʮ֮ʢͽĻƻڣɻǿϵͳ
ͥʮս塢̫ŵ塭
ȽڹϣɽѰҲƻȻ˲档
ǰĪҲΪ˲뵽ʢ᣿
ʲô
˸ҿ϶Ѱĳ֣ϲһ¡
һͨƾԵеˣ֮ؽȷѪ꣡
زؽȡжңƻ򣬶֮ɱķΧ
˶ڹעš

ֻϧ˶´ˣѰ֮ԳƻĽֻ·ѡ
ңʢȤҲûȥһڵ۾ܵĵز
ʱУѰƻڣҲ˽⵽˵زؽѰԼϢ
ݱ¶ģǱͭϻ˱޷ֻܱԵޱۡ
Ѱɵʲô
زؽٿֲӵеĵ۾ǿҲעޣðһȺ
Ҳעݱ¶һĵҲ޷ס
ˣ
һ죬ѰһƬ˼ɽУ̧һһɫֶ̨
ɫ̨УĴԸԭɶƽ׷޺㡣
ѰսƷ
ϸƬ̣ѰȻ𡾴ؼžмصһ¡
زؽߴУǡزؾ俪ʦزص۾һߵء
ĴУ̫ʱڣزص۾ڿ˵󣬾뿪ǿչŵǰǿձ˰ѰߵĴ֮·
աؼžأزص۾û뿪ѡڵزؽһгţ
ֳţһҷӡ˵ΪһͻƵ۾ط
Ҫزص۾µĳлѣҪԡԸΪԴ׼
ǰʱѰֻǽµһûзϡ
ڣƼǵزһĻĻѰ͵ʶԭЩزؽһֱطѼԸ
ЩӻǵϵǿߣԴԴϵġ׼ߡ㣬ڹĤʱϢسϵĴԸն뵽˵زؽС
Ѱһɫ̨һıԸ̨ͷشԸһֱ
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2112 
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С㣬жʮλ׼뿪һʮλ׼۽룬Щеģʮλ׼ۡ
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2113 Դ֮
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Ѱһ·ϣҲռһЩԴ
ֱ״һдС͸ӨɢŴĴĴָСһţһŵӵеޱȾˡ
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2114 
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2115 ˭ ˭վ
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2116 ì
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2117 
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2118 թ
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ȴǶ߸ߵѪ궢Ѱ䣬㱳ϻ£ұ֤˸뿪
Ѱһü⽣ӦҲһ׻ˣһ۳ǣϳԼǿͭϻĲ


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ͭϢ٣˴Ѱûκοֱӿʼѯľйص顣
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̫ŵһγ֮ٽٺԭ͵ڰ籾ԴеľҲͬܵһѡ
䱾屻飬붼ϵһбԴġԪܵشⰵ
ͭľһظµıǨźò۳һЩǡ
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Ҳ֪ľԪⰵ֮µĳһС
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ѰԣܹȷľԪⰵѾ㹻ˣ


2126 
õҪĴ𰸣Ѱľ½ͭѹ
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2127 
ƴСӲӵģ繳һצӵѪȵУ䲻ۡ
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2128 ƶʦּ¼
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2129 
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ܿ죬ͭ¶֮ɫ걾Դһɿʴ
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ͭҪŬӦȴʧȥһϵȻѣˡĺѾʧ
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Ѱһϣ˭ģҪȥһûǿɾ̫ϧˡ
ѣѣ֪֮˺εȿֲǡͭԥˡ
ҿɾԼȥˡѰ˵ţҪչж
һߡͭһҧȴ·
ǰûãͿԶطһ޴ĳɫ׳أаɷΧҺз䡣
׳룬һ߸ߣ֭ͨͭҺɵСɲԾ֦絶ƽ׳֮УԡԵޱ졣

޿ɣǱǵڻԴеĴ֮һ
ֻǣһĻʱѰȴͫһ¶֮ɫ
Ϊǻȼ׳УһŻͭһֻѪſͭϣڴƵģܿ׳ĺǰ
Ѫ类ɣɢɭȻ⡣
˫һѪɫʮÿһԳϽӡŷܡڤģܡ
ԶԶһһ׶ĲϢĿһλа죡
Ǽе죬ĸʮڼȡʲôԵù֮
ڤӣ
Ѱһ㲻Լ۾
ھ֮ϾžУڤڤӽڵĹŴ̥һѣҷƣչ¶Ⱥװơ
ѰͶԷԾֹһΣһı壬ǵڤеľס˳Ѫá
ӵв˼츳
ңǿü㣬Ѱ֮ԾΣҲ䳹ɱΡ
ÿһΣԱڤƾ衰ڤ˹
ֱһڵ۹سУʱڤƾšѪڤʡӵݣѰ鷳
ֻǣѰû뵽ʱô󣬻ⰵھŲУٴμԷ
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һʱ䣬ſǰȡֻѪŤͷͿԶѰ
һʱ䣬ѪһԺƵ۾ǣţŽе֡Ѱ
þòɢͯӡ
Ѱ˻֣ȻһЦ֣пڤڤע߲ԩҲͷ
飡
ѪӰһٿһһϮۣ쿡ӣֳɽХӿ
ЦۣڼˣѰѰ֪Щж𣿡
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ѰǵһܴĶ֣һŴνϵıߣ
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̫ˣ
ڤӴ˿ҲֳѰͬͷѵڤڤעѰУ
ʱͭסĻῴѰڤٲȻһŶԹԩң
⡭ͽԩ·խɣ


2138 Դ
׳طСƵģڤӵӰƯϡ
ң
Ѱ¶Ź֮ɫЦпڣĪʲôñ͸ң
ڤӶʱһЩ׵ıһ䣬öͷ
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ӦͼսУһճ֣ѹŽ֮ƣеԴХȥ

ͬʱһӲӵϯһѸ͵㣬һǿͼϡ

⻹꣬ѰӰҲǳ֮һӰײ飬һѳѰеɫץ
һϵжһǳɣͬһʱ䶢ڤӼ
һĻڤӶ⧲֮Уͷŭ𣺡ֵģ̰ᣡ
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ɽأڤӾˣԴϹ屦˿ȴѹסƾ޼¡
һɲĶѪܻ


2139 ʮ˲׳
飡
һ춯صײ쳹Դֱӱѹڡ
һĻڤ׺
֮ǰڤӸеǰδеˬ
˿̣ڤӸеǰδеĲˬ
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շƹӵӰֶһۣһ̱ǳ罣Ϭ
һϮ죬ʹվһ



2140 ̫
ٴֹֻ˵һ仰֣
ˡ
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ͣſһ£һϽɫ֣ʣԼ䣬од
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ն
ɫȻ֮ն
һ̿ʼʮ붯

ھŲ㡣
ӵĿֲϢӵʮ˲ѣһ·ʱѰҲܵһв
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ûõģ׵ѱǣΪΪβӣ
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ѰЦˣ״ԲԣҪҪңҰ㿴һ
ͭʱҲ׹ٺٺЦԭˣһʲô˲õֶΣԭǹͷпõ⡣
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ͼڤӴ죬ɫɷףҪ˵ʲôͼϵһһ⡣
Ŀ⿴ѰȻ̫ʲôˣ



2141 ʦֵǳ
žƹӡƺӵĳ֣õƬ׵ޱѹֵķΧС
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Ϊ֮򣬲Ѱ̤˾۵;ӵ˿Ժһߵ͵ĵ̡
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2143 ɽ۽
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2144 ν֮ 
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ͭĬһԵģʤˣעǾ˫һ޶ġ



2145 ۾ ޷
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ǲ룬ǲԸ
ѰڵƵʧ۵ףЦʲôʱŲһĴƾʼԼĵˣ
ûʲôƨĲԸǰ첻ܰ쵽ĸɵӻŲɵۣ
ѰЦ֮УҲͷŹƨ˿ɲС
һ仰̵ôˣ㷢쭣úýѵһ֪ϰˣͱƹסˡ
ƹпѰǷƾ޹ؽҪˣۿɶɱˡ
ǰѰϢȻ飬֮һַ価ϣЩ͸
ɺܲ˼顣
֪ľ磬һ۾ܽκξ׼۵ĵϸģ
λֹѷأȻذ֮ذɣͭȸ¥ɶֹӷغһʱ
Ӥˣһ仰ôƺ;ƹӽԲٶ
һ˷ذ֮ء
·ϣӤһʱںڰĺ䶯һһѰ
Ѱ֪µĺڰ磬ٲȻѳΪһУע
ԭڣٹһʱ䣬γ֮پͽ٣
һƽ٣ǣ죬ǣ·νǣ¸ġ
ǳĻʢᣬΪٿ
ʱƣǿǰڰĸҲԽԽࡣ
֪ġͥʮս塱̫ŵ塱ȻǿոĹ塢ͳ
Ҳõĺڰ磬ٲȻͬһУӣȺӢͣȫһˡ
һУΪ˵ȴ콵٣
˽⵽ЩϢѰҲһһ͡·йصϻԵȴǿչŵµĿ⣬õò֪ٹϴͳϽ
֪ʱľεȼҡ
Ƿ񻹼ǵãΪ˵һЩӤʵ
Ѱ˵ͷȻǵá
ؾ粻һڣܴšֻءķ򣬽еǿߣٵĿ飬Ҳޱա
һֻأֻֽҪôУʧҡ
Ҫôмɱ䣬ʵеĴӶ
ˡֻءĿ飬Уżµɱ٣ħ֣ǿյĿֲоѻ
һнΪ·̫£һ˳Ϊ·϶һڵ۾;ӵС಻Ψ𡱵Ŀֲ̣
಻Ψ𡱰֣ȷ̫죬Ҳ̫ۺͷˡ
Ҫ콵ʱӵнеĻʸ񣬱߱
һ֣̤Ͼ۵;ǿߣΪߵͣ¾徳ʿҲʸ롣
ڶ֣̤ϵ۾ʵֻҪڵ۾ط֮ڣԿԽС
һʱ䣬µĻϢ˵콵ٺ󣬵еǿߣΪԽߣΣվԽ¡
Ӥ˵ȷǣ۾ϵǿһ룬ͻֲɱ٣Ŀֲȫɱ
ͭȸ¥ĻϢӦǿŵġ
ʶԭЩ۾֮ϵϹŶѴùģٲϽ
˵⣬ӤĿѰԹӶԣӦһϢϾԹΪѲ۾شڣܹо۳ɵۣǿĶ֣ҲܹӵԱ֮
Ѱеȷ˿
ǰʱѰȷеޱȵѹ
Ͼе۾صĺҲ뵽ľУ˭ǵĶ֣
ǿչŵϣӵе۾ΪϹ֮١
ɵʱЩϹĿܾܾ˳Ϊ಻Ψ𡱵ջ
ǿ߾ǲȥôȥ
ȫͺûʲô
ڣӤ͸¶ĻϢ˸еɲ١
ΪλˣѰʵ
Ӥ͵۾أųơ޷졯챾ǿչŵıԴ۾УϵϢеһյƣһʱ䱻Ŀֲﶢϡ
۾أ
޷죡
Ѱ׹һɻӿͷӤЩֲô£
ӤҲȼͭȸ¥㲻һ
Ѱͷ
һ
һ˷ذ֮أִ󣬾ƹӺʹƱ뿪ֻʣӤһѰߡ
һĻֺĵ轻̸
ӣһ仰Ҳ֪Ӥԥһ˵
Ѱ޷
Ӥ룬ջǿ˵һʱ䣬Ǻڰչڡزؽ磬ǿĹϵͳԷ׷ԣǰ죬ɱ⡣
ѰЦⱾУ֡
Щ׷ɱ֪ٴˣĻЩ
Ӥѵɹӱˣ˶ͭȸ¥㱣
һ仰ѰЦݶʱ̣ʶڡ
ĬƬ̣ѰһΪ˱ңǶʦӦ˼ѹɣ
Ӥͷǿ죬Ϊ𣬶ҪɱĿ꣬ͭȸ¥ôͭȸ¥ԵеΣմС
Ǽɵͭȸ¥ĵ̺־þò֣ڰ磬չڡزؽѶͭȸ¥ˡ
ѰһأʶΪ˱ԼʦĴǺε֮
֪۴ӹ֮գͭȸ¥֮ʱ
ʱչڡزؽػ䵱ĵצûͭȸ¥Ի
ͬģʦҲؽᱻ۶ϣ
һУԼ𡭡
ҼȻôȻôĵͳıڴʱһϤ
ǰ㽾Ը
ͼһϮۣⲽ˽
Ӥˣ󣬱뿪
Դ¹뿪իѾͷһˣЩ䣬ΨֻһǰŻô໰
ĿӤӰ뿪ﲻп
ʵҵҲף¹ΪβӤΪŮѾͷ츳˲֮ӵš۵ġ֮ĵ̣ӵеĴ裬ǲ֮¡
ѰһʶԼƺһֱӤĵкΪ
ԭڣڶԴԼʱһֱ̬ڷŵúܵͣԴǾֹ͸һ׽֮С
ǡƴ绯꣬
ƳѰһۣ˼ҿóУǰ¹۸ļһ˵ܵܡ


2146 ֻغ;
ԼΪܡ
ѰвЩԺвֳָӤ¡Ѫɡޱȵľա
˵Щ
ϯضղ֮ĶԻҶֻһ仰Ҫ㡣
ѰҲ£¶֮ɫ
ڰ꣬ȴ޷Ǿһ죬һ˭ܳΪʦеһ
ϣ㣬Ҳֻϣ
ĵĴлص
أѰʡ
룬ʧģҲ޹ؽҪ˭Сʦܣ
˵󣬲Ц
һЦѰȴݡ
ʦΪ˱ԼŵѹǺε֮ǱһӵΣգ
ƳѰһۣƿ˼ɲΪ˵ǣ߸оǷʲô
һΣԺεȷʽĻҶٴڰ磬ԣǾԵУҲ޾塣
ͭȸ¥أѰ̲ס
ͭȸ¥Ǻڰͷ֮һѱ鲼ǿ죬Ϊһֵͭȸ¥Ķʦ֣ѵͲͭȸ¥ܵĴ
ЦЦڵֻҪҲ˭Ҳҽͭȸ¥Ͼɱǲˡ
Ѱ仰
ʦֵʵȻ޿ɵǿ󣬷£һָ
Ҫ˭һͳܲ壿
أѰĵġ
ﲻüʦܣǾʦֲʦ֣
ѰЦĸҡ
ǲˣһ𣬱ʦѹۡȻ
⣬ȴ
ǰɲǺЩġ
һ˼һºή٣ߣЯκαԻܵ޷á
ҲζţеľƾģֻԼĵС
⣬Ѱüͷһ壬չ
ϵıڶ࣬һص۱Կر
׿һбﲻ̸Ҷӡȱ֮ĴڣΣʱҲ𵽼
ɺȻУЩҶǵ޷ٶˡ
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ͬģǿߣҲػ״
ｫѰɫı仯۵ףԵͷ棬ףƴվǼ֮С
ˣ죬غͿµģֻءֻ̫֮ʱֹʦ˵ֻ֮£һʧУͨ죬Ҳɼɰһա
ʦܣʱμǣֻأѡҪġ
ѰͷȻһ¡
ͨؾƴڰ˹Уһֻأһݸʮ꣬ڵü
ֻأͶʦֿеֻ֮Ƿһģ
⣬ҪľϮˡ
￪ڣ˵ĻҲѰҪʵġ
˵вʵ򼫿ܾǿձ˰
ǿձ˰һ磬һ羿ֶҲ޷һȷĴ𸴡
ΨһԿ϶ǣǿձ˰űȵ۾ΪԶĴ磬ŲҲйˡʱϷ
һ磬עԶԶǿչŵɱȡ
ףǿչŵֻһͨ˰ġ·ˡ
һ·ܹһȣ
ô˵вǺͬһطͬһӪѰ΢С
룬˵ͬһطǺܿܵģǷͬһӪ˵ˡ
ǿ޷Ҳһ޵ߣһˣɴǿձ˰
ֺ֮ԻᱻЩֲڶϣԭڡ·ϡ
·̫£һһܹһųٽУΪǶһڵ۾;ӵˡ಻Ψ𡯵̡
֣κˣκһļɵ
˵⣬ʦܣˣ
Ѱ˵ͷ
Ļ᲻ףͱЩжԵΪձسɴ󻼡
״ʵ·˭һӵС಻Ψ̵֮
ûж̫ã뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰѰֺ󣬵ӵнʸǿߣԻһʱӦǰ·
ʱѰǰɡ
Ѱ˰֮أһ˾Բزɲķϵҵ
̾񹬣Բͬĵص䣬ıǱ¹ĵ伮
һھŵġɱ󡱣һŽݵһ룬ȴѾȡɱ󡱸µĲ󡰵䡱
ʱһš
ڰеգҲѹ֪ĬĬȴŵγ֮ٵ١
Щںڰ׶֮һʱޱȵ͵¶档
ԭڣĺڰУֲ̫ǿĴǿߣв۾ڣ
Ҳ֪Ѱ뵽ľС
ǳǣĴӴȻѰԭγƽľһ󲨶
ǰʥһˣѹͬ꣬Ѱĳ֣һҫͼ¼
ˣУѰǼصģν£ˡ
һģη壬һΡɿܲᵽ
ͬǳǣױҲһпǿ죬Ѱܱ׷ɱɵˣ˭Ҳ֮ǰǰڮ
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ȻҲ˺ġױŲͬ뷨ǶԴѰֻ̬һ
ͲѰ
£Ҫˣһˡ
ڰ磬һǳС
̫ŵϵķ罣ۣڴǰĽ£вһϧ̾ѡ
ڷҡϣǷ罣Ҫý¸ѰС
ֻ񣬷罣ȴЩӡ
Ȼ֣ǽĺᣬ׵һ˵Ľ£վעǺѰԵġ
ߵĵ;̫⡣
Ǻľƴһȥ׷ҲעнԶ
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³ĬƬ̣ڣҡֻЩģڵ£ͭȸ¥˭
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罣һ̾ԹŶޣϼһĻῴѾͷ룿


2147 
ʱƣڴĿУʷγ֮վˡ
һ죬ڰ֮ϣӿֳһճī֭ĺɫƣðʱ׹ڰҹ
ʼգϢ
ˣ
ˣ
ڰÿһУ𼤶ѵȴѾõǿߣͣж񷡣
ɫ䣬ǿȡ
ʱƣڰǳسںɫ˸۾ڸ䡣
һϢѹ֮ӽڰûС
һ̣Ϊߵͣľһܵһϵ
Ѱӹ߳ڱ񷣬ĺӳеı仯ɫ
һ죬ѵȴܾá
䣡
ʱĵһףѹŵУ쳹ںڰϿա
ÿ˶еһ类û
Ľؼ䣬޵ߺ飬һ̽Կ˱һĻ
ڰУǳͬһҡҷšƮɬĝꡣ
Щڻеӳ񷣬ǰʥǰߣǰء
УΪ֮硣
һĻӿ˿˿Ƶâһŵĳ֮٣վڽճĻˡ
Ǳǿչŵ籾Դ𣿡
һ࣬ԼӰ̣ת
ƬĴԳԴ
һ˿пźǣǿչŵıԴֻںġδ֪֮ءڹŻĹ渽ܼһЩ
һʮս׽Դ֮ءĹŻ飬ʱǿıԴͻƬ
ȱǿձ˰Ľ˿ɳ֮
ؾĬţţһ¡
ѰȥǷܳΪǶһ

֮ϣīʢУҡҷһĻڰ䶯
ıԴˣ֮ϣ
һЩϹŶĳȡ
ҲֻЩϼһ֪ܹǿչŵıԴǺε֮ס
ڣһĴ֮
ϵͳǿߣѾʼɫ㽺Ϳȡ
ȥ죬ҪСģһǰĺƽ֮£޷պʹֲ
һЩΪˣضߵС
۾׼۾ʥ徳ÿһ޵ߣӵʸ뵽еģһ̶ֳһּȿܣֽŵľ
·졣
ųٽ٣һ
˿ɱ䣬гٺͻ죬һǿȴ֮ء
ʱƣ֮ϣĴ֮ҡҷʳӲӵĹꡣ
Ȼ
һӰ㣬ȥ
һλ۾ϹӵǿޱȵĵУһʱ͸Ӧǰڣ˹ȥ
䣬Ӱͳһ֮УӰһ֮һʧڽ
һĻ֪ϹŶʱ궯
ڽʱУҲ½Ӧڣ׷׳
һʱ䣬꣬ӺڰããĽгѤõĹ⣬ƺڰʧ
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⡭ô
һЩǿȻ׼ɵô۾֣ǰ죬Ҳһ
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˭ֻҪ죬ܹ̤һɱ֮·÷ҪΪǶһ
˲η壬ΪǺЩ۾ͼıĲһֻ죬ıеһɱ䡣
ҲӦˣ
ߣ

ʱУͼڰطʱʱѤõĶݹ𣬻Ƴգҡȥ
ǳǸͥʮսȴǿ֮̾أʱĶݹֱˮƵģϯϣɽӶ׳ޱȡ
Ŀ޷
ΪֻҪ̤Ͼ۵;ΪߵͣлУıԼ֮·

ڽ񳯣üʱˣ
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ϳЩģ̲סһ䡣
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ط쳹ʧ

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ߣӿɥʦĲȥǹطһˣ˭գ
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˵ţһӣӵ׷ɵʯͷƵģವһ¾ͻƸ߿գʧ
ֵСһȣСӡ̫ˣ湾治ѡ

֮ء
Ѱ죬ֶȻӰ׿
ΪβжӤź֬ƵѪɡһϮȹҡҷһ־Ķǰ֮
Ѱûлش𣬶ʵһֱ棬ΪҪɡߣ
ӤĬƬ̣¹˵ջˮ
Ѱ
ʲôɣ
ʱһҵģ󣬾ͻ겻ᣬıһ
Ӥիһλ̫ϳϵĵ츳ޱȾޣ󣬺ܶΪֻҪ뿪
ѰŻȻȻ¹ͽѪɡ㣿
Ӥͷԣʱϱû˼գ㡣
ѰͷӿһֹĸоһױȵѵҲһֹ
ˡ
ûж룬Ѱ˻֣Ӱƾȥ
ӱء
ĿѰӰʧӤһѪɡںڵ㷢ɢ£¶һԵߵľա
ȹƮҷһĨٻӰʱ⡣

һ죬εĵγ֮ٽ٣ӿ

ڰУµĸǿߣ½ǰգꡣ
Ϊ˼
Ϊ˳ΪǶһ
һ죬ǿձ˰쳹һڿϵĿֲ飬ԱĿ׷״ӱ˰
ǸǿĽһͬ裡


2148 
ƣһƬУһֺޱȵĵ
뵣صĴԴذ㣬ǹϴ¡
ֱܾӵ񹬣
ǣ
ŨĴԴϢ
Уôһ񹬣
ӵ𣬾ͼǻֺ޴ĹܣֲŲ֪Ӱ飬һͷ
Щʸǿߡ
ֻǣǴ˿̽һͷˮɲ
Ϊһ죬Ǿ뱻ŲƵƬط
һ񹬣ٿ󣬵ããһƬнס
쿴ǺĵͥĴˣǻһˡ
˾С
Ŀ⿴һЩ̬ȺŮһ𣬺ȻǺĵͥǿߡ
䡢ǬħƵȵͥĴҲˡ
ʮս壬ԼһЩ̫ŵĺݽɫ
УЩǰǿߣ׷׿ʼѡţӪԼ˻һ
һδ֪磬Ų֣ĻԵҲޱȵգ˭ҲҲСġ
ܹȡůʱ򣬶ϲ
ʱƣսذЩѹ֡
ֲƬǿߣǿ徳ʿߡʥ׼ۡ
֮ͬ䣬ȻȻѹƺв
һЩǵжԵĹϵͬһƬأȻͳûʲô
ǻû״Ͷˡ
⡭ʲôط
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δҲ
ǵ۾ڴˣܿųһЩˡ
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ǿǿ߼ֲƬһ֣ܻһЩҪ鷳
ңʱûƬصðȻ¶ˣɺܲǡ

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˵ɡӾطԱߣסѣСʻ괬淢սҡҿɰﲻʲôæ
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չӪǱߣһ£ɫҰ׵ӿڣһͫŹı档
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طȻԴУڹɽʱͬҲ̤Ͼ׼֮ͬҲ֮
ʶԷӵɱķӦν죬£еָ⣬ֳڰ֮
ֻǣҪʱ
ӵӰȻͣգС㱻һֻ߬סŶǺ죬дȻ
һѱν嶼޷
ͻһĻطһҲȫǿ߽һ⧲֮У𵴡
ӿǾ׼ؾڣת˲䣬缦Ƶı߬ס
ҲʱǲſˣһϮ°ɫڷɢӰΣȻƣס
Ѱ
һ𣬾һǾףƬصļžÿͷɫ֮һ䡣
Ǳļһĸ죿
˭Ҳû뵽


2149 ֻ
Ѱ
Ѱģ֣࣬ȴ˲֪˲
ʱ֪ͻأ֣һѾ߬סӵˣǴǸɽʱ˶¶Ծ֮ɫ
ġױ¡طЩϤѰˣͬҲеޱ⡣
ΪҲû벻ѰĻ
ռžѹ֣ĿһȫѰһϡ
еӡɵޡ
Ҳ𺳡ȡ桭
ʱķӣǳɫͫд֡
ˣѳвչڵѹȶԷɵѰʱͲá
Щǿչŵںڰ磬ɴûзɽѰɱģ
չڵ۾صİۣ᪴Ѱѣ
÷ܲ壿
ԤеԼҪˡ
飡
һ̣˾ͱȥһݺˤڵϣǰֱðǡ
ɷȴӿޱȵĿϲħ񡭡ûɱ
ȺۼˣҲһ⣬˵УѰһɱϣĴĺˣ׾ͷŹ˶֣
ȴѰüĿ⿴Զһ񹬣зɫ
֮ǰȷɱ֣ڶһ˲ȴܵһϰĴв̼ëȻ
ʶֻҪҶ֣һ̾ͻ֣֮
طɲЩǰ͸Ѱһӵ
֣Ҿֵ֪˲սĻᣡüɫ衣
ԱߵҲüЦ˵Ķԣһ£ҿɾͲٵˡ
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ӡԶһ޳ٻӰʤѩɼǣףӻ߳Ӱ㡣
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ֻǣڴ˿̣һ̶ڳ
£Ѱߵһ飬ǽǻܵǣۣ㲻ΪԼ룬ܸΪ㱳һɣˣѰҪɱˣ
˵ģǬͥһŮӣ毺ã޹Ⱥֻɫ͸Źͽ֮⡣
Ѱüδ˵ʲôֻǽĿ⿴£˵ĻһЩɵҲ˵Ĳ£һжĻܻǣ㱳ˡ
ǻŮӱˡջֻţѰһ㶼Ρ
ЩǬͥеĴˣѰɱ˲֪٣ʸũɱûŮеȥѰа壿
ȴһ¶һĨ΢Цǰʱѱ壬Ժ󡭡ҾͲսˡ
Ѱ˽һۣ˵ͷûٶ˵
¹ı۶ϣȥңܲܵһ˿˺
طЦ˵ţȻһĶͷһ£Ѱ˵ˣĻȥҼһˡ
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Щк޲ɱֺγЩУ
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ת֯ǰٿֳһƵӰȫɴ͸ϵơ
к䶯ͷ̣ȣľҪʼ
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֮·Ӵ˿̿ʼ˹Ⱦͻһֻأֻܹ߳ߣɻһĻᡣ
ǴӰδڣڳԺУȴһ˽Ҫٵ顣
ֻ𣬶ȵꡢǡľнԻ׹ֻغ󣬻ӣУ侳Ǽޡ
޵߶ʱըȫ¶֮ɫеֲ
侳пʼĵһ磬ǡ徳һ
У侳޵ߣֱǺͷûʲôĴڣͲС
ڣȴҪֻأͨˣΨƾ̤侳ܹ߳
µǣֻغӵеһеУʧ޷ǰ
һʱ䣬Ⱥ۾ɣ˭Ҳû뵽ս죬ȴǵģһ˼ֻؿ顣
ǴӰȴƻȻ
侳ֻأȻݳͬһ磬߳УԼĴ־
ݣ
磡
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ݣζţҾͲˣɾͲˣһֻأұһͷؤô죿ʱͬʦֵ֮䣬ɶ޷ˣ
˰
磬˵ǸֻУǿҲֻ侳Ϊˡ
ӷ
ˣҲûʲôηģ
Ȼһ飬ҪԼ־ûǰ򵥡
ü˼⡣
ʱѰ˶ʦⶣĻ
мǣֻأѡҪģ
һɲѰһʶһյģ¾ڡѡϡ
ɽ֮ԣֻ֮£һʧУͨ죬Ҳɼɰһա
ڳЩ˽ֻغ󣬽Իһݳ֣ζţѡԼֻǰʶܻһʧУ
Ѱͨؾƴڰ˹ؾһʮֻء
ʱͬݳ֣ղΪ桱У
ŵ˵ʱûоԼʶͲܴһء
뵽⣬ѰԼ֪һУһһ֮طӡǡ
꣬ҲȻˡ
Ӱ
ֻأֻʮʱ䡣
Уһˣζ
ʮ֮޷߳ʧУ޳֮ᡣ
ⷬһն̣ѹֵ˴
֪ڴʱɫ䣬ľء
Կ϶Ĵգ
Ѱжһ󷭹ɫ𲻶
ʮꡢʧ̺գԳ
ڡܲܲμӣ
˲ڣһˡ
ӰûлشΪӰǴûǻۣûʶܸش


2150 
˶ʶڽһ֮·Ѿʼ·ѡ
Ѱطˣֻغһᾡܵȥҵǡ
ͬʱڳڲͬӪ֮ǿҲֶۣԲߡ
飬жûס
ԭڣ˭Ҳֻ֪еġ硱һطÿ˽кֻһݳ֡
һʱ䣬նܳƺء
ֻؿʼ
Ӱ˵ţؼȻӿֳޱȿֲϯڳӰȫС
һ̣ȫЮţһֺޱȵع
ˣ
ѰҰָһֻӿ֣һƬƼ㣬º沨
ͷ׹Ť˸ʱ⻯˻ݡ
أѰʶʼģ
Լ䣬ֻеŴһ̷ȣŲıԴУһĨصѡ
ɵҪϸʱʶһƬڰ֮С

죬һƬǿ֮£ããԭ֮ϣһ۾ӰС
ÿһɫɣԴɢϢ
ǿո磬Ϊڵ۾һ֮ϣ۾֮£
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ͷʶĴ
ܸܵƬؼ串ǿչŵıԴͽȫͬ
ϹŶơ
̽ˣƬԭܣԱɲҵ֮Ҳ޷ƿ
ɫء
ζţƬؾһҵ˴˵أ
ɫѿ
գͬѹ
Ȼ֮䣬ͷǿУһبŵӳǣǡһһƬǿס
ǳޱΡ룬ÿһξ룬һǱǽȾŰ߲ѪգɢϲɣϢ
һſŵǳӺبĳǰԵСһȺ߮ѵө档
ǳ̫Сǳ̫ˣ
òǹŻĵ۹سǣϹŶԾ
УԴ֮صĹŻһ֮ĳǣԹűСŻĵһǵ۾ֹ֮ءĳƺš
У̫ʮսͱڡ۹سǡ֮⣡
ܣ죬ǿıԴܻùŻĵ۹سǳڴ˵أ
̾ͷ񶨡
ĸ۾˿̿Ǻبǿ֮ϣΡ޴޾ĳʱжһ󷭹
ǳϣѪհ߲ϲɣǽϻսĺۼо޴ɽӡɵĽۡдӵײۡ淴յĽۡ
Ŀģ
Ӵ˿̿ʼһ𣬾ͼǿճ֮£ۣһðӰ
ڳڵһĿˢˢȥ
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ʱǽǿ޹ħַҪģסǱסǡ
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ǣȽͻɱᣬͬʱһ䣬ζų
ӰõڳЩ۾ﶼס
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һʱ䣬ɫ粻òƿڴ֮·
ζֱץ׳ȥǰս
ӺǿգʱԴ·Ӳˣ
˴УڣԶŲơ
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һ˲ͽλӵŵ۾ΪϹ
Ӱ𣬺ǽƬһ̿ʼ֮·Ѿʼû·ѡ
һ£ڳڵ۳ףԸ񣬶޷ӹһˣ

硣
ǬԨǡ
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Ժһǣռүġ񡱣̵峿ķҡҷɳɳ졣
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⡭ô
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ӽֻأĵһʱ䣬ʶѾѣ
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ܻ޷ѣԶʧֻеգ
ɺȻѵһһ㶼ûסѰ
ΪѾֻأΪ桯𣿡
Ѱ˼ȥֻһУԼͨؾйһֻйء
˿ѡ
үÿ硣һ˫٣λãˮŮϴõͭ衢ë߽ͥԺ
ɣԼѰڵ
Ů庮Ů׺庮һ鳤ͣʵ׽ûʲô
ʱѰռ庮ͬʱҲļ̳Уʱδ¶κβȻ
ϣȥ׼͡Цת뿪
Ѱһϴһ߿ʼ庮ļ䡣
һƬΪ£ѿأֱǴǬκ
ÿһĽУԷֲŸļ壬ǿĲͬЩҲдС֡
ռңǴǬԨе֮һǿֻǶ
Ԩǣռּ壬߰˸֮ࡣ
Ԩܹһ壬ֻ
Щ֣ѰȤһɨ
ѰȤǣ庮Ϊռ֮ϥµӣʮˣȴ̤֮·
ܿ죬Ѱ׹
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ϵˣųɶǷӣܹ̤еģָ
ռңѾеĶ֮ڣ̤еģȴֻʮ֮ڡ
ܿϧΪѪԭ庮䳢˶Σȴһֱɹеż
Ѱע⵽ռҲȱ庮о߰˲֮
ѰǣЩһ㶼ªǿչŵϣҲԳƵϳ˻
Ҳζţ庮ԭ򣬲ǳϡ
ң꿪ʼ庮̷˲ҩȻЩνҩѰԣҲҩ
һ˶ԣЩҩѿǱˡ
Щ庮ϵҩռռÿһɹҩɷ
ɴ˿ɼ庮Ҳȱҩ޷С
֮ܶ庮ռүҲͷһء
£Ҳûķݶ
ҵǣΪ庮޷УĸסĸסԼֳԶΪ۰չˣõҲǹʳǵƽ
庮żҲȻˣΪо޷Уû취ﵽĸֳĺܲζ
ˣչǲƽӹġ


2151 
̷үԹ緹ԥһ£ǵ˵ҹﴫϢүˡ
庮ѰһԺһЩ䡣
ÿʮ꣬ͻ־ٰһȡ
ǰʮܹõ֮
һԽɽ
ÿһ̤֮·䲻ʮˣʸ뵽ȵĿС
ɸѡڴǬκУѡγʮѡ֣ȥյǰʮѡ
ǰãǬڵĻ
ΪԨһ壬ռֻһܹȵ
ռҴүػ
Ԩǣһ׿ʮ̤꣬侳ء
С쾳
ԨĴ󿡽֮һռԺĿˣν־緢
庮ļУ庮λҲǼĽ
ڣȴ˵ˡ
Ѱ룬ռһЩйȵϢ
һЩ֣ǰүΪԭ򣬿ɴӲЩġ
ΪδүܵԵ
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뿪Ѱ˼⣺
ǰʮܹõġ֮ĪǾͺйأ
Ҫֻ߳һǣԼĴ־
Ѱܻɣ쵽һԴ⡰ȡ֡
Ӧ˵أáȻĳʱ壬ұ㻹һ컯
Ѱ
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뵽⣬ѰȻʶһ⡪
ڽֻ󣬲ֹʶڵһʱѣͬԺеļ䡢СǻҲȱ
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һ֮·ͨĵ;
ЩѰ͸ǰδеļᶨƽһλᣬǶϲģ

ʱƣһš
ռҵձѹֺͳΪռҴүˣûл뵽ȡС
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˵ռҼҲΪ˳ͷǹԼһֱûܴӴܵӰ߳
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ռҶү壬һģʮ꣬Сϧ𣬻ﲻࡣ
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ȵ§Ѱļ򣬾ͳȥ
Ѱǳ鴤һ£ԼֳԼܵȥ¥ģ
ҲûоܾȾƶѣȻƾС
Ŀֵ뿪һռ˶οүڻָһЩˡ


2152 ռұ
һº
Ѱط徭硢Ѩĥһ飬ֱȷ⣬ȱݣžʼ
侳ء
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ÿһؾ磬Ի仯
֮侳ϵ;ĵһżҲ߽ĵһ
ϱ֮ľںĩ
Ų̨֮
ѰԸ⣬ֶΣһʱڣɽΪ侳Բز
һµĻֻһΣΪֲǰ;ȱѰԲ׷ٶȵĿ
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Щ庮ļ䣬УҲŶλУһѪŨˮ֮顣
ռң庮ĽͶĹϵ׽
һ˵ŭӿͷѰ֪庮
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һΣ˿ǺԼ˵̸ϱŭǺȻоԼܡ
ƺһˡ


2153 Ǭʶ
һĹҰѾ庮Ӱ
ʲôȥ׷ƺŭӴд
һţæ׷壬ɷĹˣﻹ庮Ӱӣ
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ǰԨǺ֮㣬żҫ۹âռҴү̭
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˵ṳ֮̂·ռү庮ҳˣ˵Ҫȥ帴𡭡
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ռҴүΣʱֺƹһ
ȻռҲδʲôңԨǸһռҼܽӴû䡭
ʶЩҪռģԷ׷׵ţռ˻ƸͻԼ
һЩռҹϵϺõҲ׷׻ϵΨֱռҵùմȾϡ
ףѩ̿ѣ
һ죬ʱִռҴȨܵǰδеѹǺͱ롣
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Ǭֲڶǳء
Ǿ׼۴ԲѰƬ̼Ĺ򣬾ŴǬѲһ顣
ڵķĸʱҲŲ侳ءϴ衱εΪ˵˲Ųƣ޷ӿշɶݡ
ڸ·ʱֻС
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ʶķʢκ˸е𺳣Բλࡣ
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ҲֻһΪֵĳǳأԶԶ׵۹Ͻǡ
ϾǿߣҲֻؾڣϾų֮˽ǲеķӡ
֮һ硣
ʶĵڶ죬Ѱʮӣ̽Ҫ֪Ϣ
ȵֿУϵΪģǴǬ̫ǬԪԡ
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ڴǬǬԪСʮ󿡽ܡУ塣
ڴǬңǬԪԵսҲһ⣬֮һЩһﶼҪǿһЩ
һҲǣٶȣԶҪЩϱ졣
侳õ޵ߵάϵһٶˮ׼صҲ޷
˽ЩϢǬԪһֲǶ˲ȥͷ
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ʶĵ졣
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Ҳһ죬ȵɸѡĻܼӴǬطѡγῡܣһڻʳС
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ʳڣһ޴̨ԸصŮȺ̨Զ
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ܲпᣬõÿŮɫ͸ءšڴ
УֻǬԪһ˶һűϣġ
һϮۣͷڣ۽ͣתʱһƾâ
ģİ
ǬԪԷ̾һȺ۵̬
ߣԲĿȥǬԪԡ
֮ǰЩսѡУΪλ̫ӵ¶ֵģһ⣬ȫϵΪ
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ҲǬԪԳΪһУ˼ɵһˣ鱩壬ѪѪȡ
ʱѵѡδ˿̿ʼ
һ⳿µĻʳõڳ߽Ծһ
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ǬԪһӱζɨߣͬƵġ
˻ڣҲķŭоַܵȴ˸ȥа塣
ڣʼǩ
һ

ǬԪԵʲãֱǰҪһǩ
ɾڴʱʳǴŴһȻسǩˣĶҡ
ʳǴһڻأά򣬿ɴʱȴһ궯Щ˵ط˳ȥ
ţһεӰ
ͫһǻʳǣǬĵ˭ıӵ£
ˣôĻ£ɫһȳ
һȺִĻʳǻͬˮ

ǬԪԻֹ֣סһУĿԶһӰɫɭȻ˭ΪǰӲ㣿
Ԩǡ庮
ǾεӰѰҶ硣
˻һһ궯ЩߣȻ֪˭һֿУǬԪԷΪ
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ǬԪ룬һȻԭǸô˵ΪǸﱨģ
͸ζмԼһ˿ȣû뵽»вˡ
ߵ£Ѹ˿˽УǾΪáѵ
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䣡
ǿȭӶʱȻһ˿ϣõһȭƣҲһء
пһĻĲߣжһ̾
ǬԪԣǬʮ󿡽֮һʮ䣬ƿһ˿С
ѰֹۿһȭɱɫϲӰܡ
ǬԪһ˿мʧǱɵ𣿼ֱ̫ˣ֪ˣͲԶ֡
ɾڴʱȻһʹǯݺݹסͼ֪ʱѰһֻס
УǬԪһȭڿִѰǰһ֮أ޷
һʱ䣬ͫһ
ͣѰȻڣ̬ɣӰ˿
ٿǬԪԣǺ죬ƾ޷Ѱ

弡ţɢ׺ƥƣ͵ػӶ֣Ѱ
ȭըףѸͰԵ
ڰ;ֱѰһֻ߬ס޷
һӣǬԪԳɫ䡣
飡
Ѱ˫һͬʱһ߳ǬԪ۽ݺݷɳȥʮĵϣˤһʺ͡
һӰֱоΣǬԪԿǴǬʮ󿡽֮һ
ڣȴԵü䲻
Ǿ͹
ѰָͷȻؿԶǬԪԡ
ɱ㣡
ǬԪԳ׷ŭ˵Լܵ졣
䣡
ͻɽʩչһɱսһƶ貵Ľɫ͡
飡
Ѱһ߳ǬԪĿ죬ȥĸ죬ֱӱߵշת˼ȦźݺݵϣˤñףѪ
ȫţѻȸ
ж𺧵ȡ庮ֻʮѣӵս
ǿɲ֪庮ڣһǶԸ޷ġϹһӵ׼۴Բ꣡
ʵϣѰ㣬ЩƽʮŮԣȷһϹˡ



2154 Ǭع
ǬԪˡ
Ѿʶ˶ֵĿֲֻǣ޷ڴǬʱһˡ
ĵܵܣΪǰ
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ѣ
ǬԪԱŭӿޱȵĳо֮Ŀǿ󣬶Էڹ
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˵ţѰǰڣ㸶۵ʱˡ
ৣ
ٶȼ죬һʮɡ
󵨣ڰ;ǻӶһսìݺݳѰȥ
ѰƳȭһӡ

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ء䡱εĴڣȴһ֮У
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ǸĲߣ𺳣ʹ죬֮ǰѡοУǬԪԷϵǿߣɲ
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ǬԪڲҽУ׾֣Ҫʲôſңſҡ˰죬ɱ
һȺִĻʹɱڣЩݺɳ꣬˶ľǿߡ
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ѰȴƻȻԹԵɱ˳ǷծǮ¸㣬УĺֵܲǮΣֻΪ
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ѰżⷢǬԪһ飬߷ĲҽУ۾һֱӾ˹ȥ
˶סˣʹصأĿ֮£꾹ֱӷ̫ӵΪ
ֱǬ𶯣
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ڴʱһöƵԶ𣺡ţ˭ڻʳڶֵģ
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ӣ֮ǰʹһʹΣĿ⿴Ѱ
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ĿľΪһˣҲҪμȵģִܲҲˡ
ĹϸһĨͣӣǷԸμȣ
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Ǿ͸ɡ֣¶һЦݣŮ飬ڳЩ۾һֱ
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츳Ⱥ֮·٣Ųʮ꣬ǴǬʮ󿡽ܡ֮ף
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ǻҪμӿˣѰʡ
׿ѭ浸أǬعʡ
Ѱ룬ûƴǡ
Щ߼ˣжƵӿ𼵶ʵֲòϣѰҲ赲Ĳ

ʹһС
ǬعѰֱʵչӣǷ̤Ͼ۵;
źεĺ档
Ѱͷ
Ǭع¶Ȼ˵ı飺һۣ֪ǬڵһУڣֻ̤Ͼۣǵĸ
һֻˣѰһ
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̤Ͼ۵ˣȴ֮٣
ѾܲˣڴǬǧУÿһʱ䣬Żһ̤Ͼ۵ǿߡ
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룬ѰԺ󣬿϶ԽԽľ
ǬعһЩ⡣
Ѱûнͣܲ˵һǰġֻߡʤÿһǾǡѡ֮󣬱ȻҲ̤е;߾֮·
һУȻӿһ
Ǭع̲סչӣǷдһ
ѰʶԷԼĿģ¾Ϊд衣
𣬵ԡ
Ǭعһʱ
Ƭ̺
Ǭع𽿴㺹죬Ӱɵڵأһͷѹѹ㷢ɢ׵Ĺϣ㡣
УѰֽסطһĨ̾
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Ǭع𶼲ЩɣͬǾ۵;Ϊβ֮
£ǽյ
һŮһ߽Ⱦϼ㺹ɵڵصǬعԼվһѰʱʱʧг
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ŮԺжʱֳ಻Ļ棬Ҳŷа˵ɫôôϾǷƸϡ
ȥ
Ů̬Ǭعʶˣһɣȳ⡣
ŮһЦһҶ񣬱ת뿪
չӣɱ롣ǬعЩΣڨڨĹأԲһĨΡ
Ůе̬
ѰЦЦ飬ĳиˡ



2155 İ
죬Ѱ뿪˻ʳǡ
ʱһ̽ƣѰѾʸǬȥ֮ȡ
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ԴǬ˶ԣʳǾĵطʢ
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һ·ϣ̽Ƭޱ죬˵Ǽ̣ѹĸ֮ڣõߺѴУŵٴС
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ʮ֣Ѱ˼ʱԶԶؿһ򣬵йȥɫǡڴ˽ޡ
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ѰһͼֵϣɼѪеʬ壬ˣ׺ͯҲˡ
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ʮ
Ѱ糾ͣԨǡ
սţͱ˳
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˵Ǭ̫ӵǬԪԣǱϵģ
˭뵽ռүȴһҹ֮仯֣һɱʹأΪֳ𣿡
ֵϣӵ࿴ѰĿⶼž桢졢
Ѱʱʶڻʶ飬ѾԨǡ
Ҳ⡣
ܹ飬ᱻռЩ˲ע
ֱ壬ѰûƵģӭСϣֱȥ
һϲͬһ࣬Ŀ⿴Ѱʱȵüֱܰڻ
һ·ϣĸˣĸŮСˣԻһĿк
ȻҲ֪үѺǰһˡ
庮ֳ棬ܳˣɶѰԣЩ
ҲֻС档
үʱһԳѵ壬У졣
ºȻڡ
Ѱһ٣ѣ
һ㶣ǰԳǰ͵ġ
ѰһУˡ
˵ţӿŲ
ѰӰʱƺԼһЩͬһ꽻̸
Ѱƺ˽ɫ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȻҲ֪˷ڴǬʳڵ飬Ҳ֪ѰϵǬԪԵ׳١
ֻǣֱ˿̣ۿѰʱأԶЩŵĸо
ѰͻȻ뿪˵Ҫȥ屨ʱ˶ΪǱķٶ
Ϊˣռɳ˲ȥҡ
˭Ҳû뵽ûҵʱʮ󣬷ڴǬʳڵϢȴˡ
ʼ˭ҲţΪǼٵġ
ɺϢ֤ʵռڸһУֻⲻ˻ɻ
Ѱ֮ǰҲֻܱڶ
ںˣѰѾأ
Ѱɲ֪ĹռһС˶뷨
ڽĵһʱ䣬ͽĿ⿴ǸİĻꡣ
ͬʱҲ̧ͷ


2156 
ɫ𪣬ЦģֹӺݡ
ѰƳһۣĿ⿴ռ֮ƺףܷҸλѵģ
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һ˿ŭɫջЦܼ򵥣һá
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Ȼ׼һֶΣ˳ᢣԵúš
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˭֪ݣ޴ѰҡҡͷʼԻʬ
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ȻѰӦ֮ȥҲϲܻύҩˣ
ûнҩûϵѰšٲݾУĿܻᱻһЩĵĶҩ
Ѱͷ۵ǣȥռЩ˽͡

һ
Уƺһڸ߲д˾ɺȻ
ѰѾͣûԼֻߡ˵
Ҳ޷Ρ
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ˣھ͵ʵ顣
Ѱδ˵Լһй¶Ļͥʮսǿߣ϶׷
ãƺʵ㡭Ժ뿪ĻǺ⣿
ȻǣҵĻԼ庮
Ѱᡣ
ֹᣬ뿪庮꣬ͻƿһӵееǣγһ컯
գƺ˽һУԸ鶼ѷ޸ıĿܡ
ֻƺסϢ
Ļ˷Ϊӱָ˲ɡ
죬Ѱ˸ҩƺռ֮ڵһһ
ѵֻԽԽˡ
ҹסѰ˼⡣
ǿЩһֻҪѣΪ̤֮;뿪磬϶᲻ֶΣ
ϾУһֻذˣƬҲƬǵ
ȻѰһ˶ѣܲЩȴܲںռµİΣϾվռ庮ǡ
үҹˣЩЪϢɡ߽ڡ
ѰһڴʱһŲͥԺ⴫ܿ˯ˣ

ѰӭͥԺ
ȥϢҺʹл˵ѰڷԸ
Ŷһת뿪
ûˣŵѣһ֮룬ܳȫ
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һúһǿĻԺǳٶֻߣһռвҲȥˣ
ѰеҲ⣬Ϊռҳӣ϶Ҳģһ±ֻ߽ʱռܵ
οһЩŶѣѰԺഫУ㴫ڸһ֣ĵв˵ɱ䡣
Ѱط䣬ҳֽʣԺһ˼ͽһط׫дȻ󽻸
лѣлѣһʶһط֮ǾϲǼ
ûãҴ뿪
ѰָֻƽУ㲻
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ѰΪͻ侳߲㡰С족֮
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ѰΪͻ侳ڰ˲㡰족֮
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һʱǬκĽУ½˼ľ䡣
йءֻߡĴҲ֮ʼ׷׳֣·ƣ֮
һУѰԤУ㲻Ҳռ˿˽⵽ЩϢ
񡰾ѡֻߣվǵģֳĶҲޡ
Ͼǽĵһ꣬뵽ֻص޵ĿӴ󣬿ɲ˭ܾѡ
Ҳ˭һھѣ
Ѱһʱ;ѵģҲֻһˡ

һ峿һϴ衢ëߵ߽Ѱķ䡣
ɷУȴûѰӰ
ϣֻһţԼһط
żϣдš
ŸҴ򿪣ϸĺˮ뵣г˲ѹ
ү뿪ˣȥμȡ
ʱһط
ʶʱڣүҲˡ
һ뵽⣬о˵ѹʧƵģʧǡ
׺үһ𳤴ܣȻֱȻܡ
ҲڴʱУһʶȻѡ



2157 򸲸ǵɽ
еż㣬Ʈ
ԭ̷ү庮һȾѵֻߡ
ǵģһ̵ѱ¡ѡʶȡ
һǸء
½ϵؼˮﷺЦ⡣
ֻ磬Ĵк͵оͻʧҪ̤ϵ;ͱѰ
·ԼŸվѣ͵õһλֻµš
һͿż䲻ף
ɺܿ죬¾סżؼһǰһּͷƾһϤĸо
ɽ·ֲϤ񣬻Լ
ã¿ʼļ䡣
ܿ죬ͷ֣СļУǺү庮йص顣
÷С޲£һӣһԴһֱ庮ܵܡ
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ܿ죬¾Ͳ׽һЩһļ䣬ЩǷڰǰ
ʱȻ֣үһҹ֮䳤ˡ
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жϳ庮ڵֻߣʱѵģ
ֻǡ
ǻһƵ庮ʱͷֳָһϤĸо
Ǹоͷ·ҺϤ
죬һԺһ磬Ƶ
ǹӣ
һ
ɲǼ䣬Ϥĸоˡ
һ˵ģԸı䣬ּľֹʱɵϰߣȴѸı䣡
ǰѰߺɴ磬Ϥľֹϰߣһ룬Ļ᲻ף庮ھѵģѰʶ
һϲӿϽͷû뵽ڽ󣬾һַʽѰߡ
ǣݣѰһС÷Ĺϵ
⡭Ī

һĪȻӿͷ
Ѿ뿪ˣ
¿żϵݣʱʶѰȥμȣ϶ΪȴϣܹԼĴ־磡
һ󣬼ܾͻ뿪
ǻϲûΪУпġ
δ
УҪȥҹӣΣܹҪһġ
һϡ

Ǭʶ
ƸǬعѰԼõĻ֮ء
֣˵ʵǷֻߣ
ĵһʱ䣬Ǭعֱʳ׵Ĺϣ͸ź档
ѰͷԵú̹Ȼ
ˡǬعݸӣЩʧ䣬ô˵ԺҪ뿪Ƭģ
ѰЩֵؿǬعһۣȷˡ
ǬعһǬعô󣬻ͷһμˣ뿪֮ǰܷҽһڵƬ飿
ԡ
ѰǬعĸй۲
ǬعȻһЦ߰ɣҴȥˣȻһǰɽ
ɽǡȡĵص㡣
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ȣڴɽĻ
ܿ죬ѰǬعһ𣬼˸һμȵǿߣʮŮӢͷɣ˼ʡ
ѰǬعڵľˣһɫ侳ŲΪ
УǬع˻̤˾۵;
һ뵽ǬһУӿֳôѰоһп
磬ȷֻһ硣
ǬعĽܣѰ˱˴˺һǬعһˣǰɽ
һ·ϣǬعֻҪʱ䣬ͻѰ죬һ汦Ƶģѯ֮顣
Ѱ̴ǬعֻһЩ׵۹˵˵оʲôģҲ̸ֻ徳
ɼˣǬعÿ꣬ͻֹסؾ̾Ȼ
汲磬ǬعΪǬһŮɵ֪֮⣬һƬȫµĹʱľܵ˼ĳ
ǬعԼⱲעֻܴˣȴЩġ
䡢麣졢֡
һ죬ǬعȻչӣ˵磬޷侳ͻƵ߲𣿡
ѰҡͷֻһֻߣĿ֪Щ顣
ǬعһᶨţһԵģгһͻʱ˵׼Ҳ뿪ء
˵ĹϸֳһĨ㽡
ѰһпܣǲǬعһѡ

ԶԶأѾܹƽϣһۻΡĴɽεضֱͨ
Ǳɽ걻ƣֵǣûһܹϴɽ޷
ǬعָԶɽһ˵һɽϲԵܹġ
˵ĿҲˢˢȥ
ɽһµһɽһذ㣬֪жǿǰ̽Ѱ
һ⣬ܿɽ
ѰĿ⿴ȥҲ¶ɫ
ɽ£һĻɬ˵侳ǿչŵϵĵ۾ˣҲ޷
Ѱ𵴣һװ磬ȴһɽȷ˼֮
ѰȻ˵ֻҪȵһԽɽ

Ǭعͷÿʮ꣬ͻչһȣÿһΣֻеһлɽ
ЩɽˣǷʲô֣Ѱ̲סʡ
ҸʮǰʱԵһݽɽУ˼ҵ˵ɽʶͻģӴɽ߳ʲôһɶ
Ǭع׷˼֮ɫȻʲôҲǵãҸʻܸܵɽغϾͶһֺˣõʲô飬˳
УЩҸһлɽǿߣҲûܼǵɽоʲôҲ֪ɽкԼ־ʲô
ѰɽĽֻǰ򵥣
²ˣ
̸ʱһѼӿŲܿɽɽŲԶ
һϵĵɲ֪ʯɣŰ߲ɣϢɷΧ
񷸩ĻǡһԲΡ
ĪģѰԺиֳųٽ٣һ仰״̨ʱĿҲ΢
ǬعƿڣǺʹκǿߣͻһչ𣡡


2158 ĶӴ
ȣʮһΡ
Ǭκɳʮѡɸѡǿߣɽǰġ档
ǰʮߣɻá֮
õһߣɽɽ
ѰǬعһѾִһʮһȵȣҲݡ
ʮ֮⣬޽һƬȺһСͳǱ
ڴǬӪء
ȿʼ֮ǰѰǽеȴ
ӪأκҲͬУֱڲͬĵط
ڸԶĵطֱפǲľӣĿǺάϵȵ
ÿһȣͻǿߵĹע
һҲ⡣
ɽУѻͬطǿߣĿӴ
ȿʼǰЩͽ޷
չӣǴ˴ζ
ڴǬһƬǱУǬعһݸѰ
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Ѱӹһ
˺Ȼʵ֣֪֪ˣܰսΪκǰʮǿУ˭ֵ⣿
Ǹ꣬͸һİ
֣һ̤Ͼ۵ĿܣڴǬͷ޶ҫۡ
֣˴δǬǰʮǿУ̤Ͼ۵ĻˣֱѰǬعһڵӡ
ʱ˽оԶѰ΢
УѰΪֻء족˶һ硣
һ·ϣǬعȴΨѰ
Щ˽Щζкܲ⣬Ϊ庮õۿ
Уˬģǰɽ·ϣʱʱûȥһѰԴ롣
ѰĻʮġСꡱƽϣʼնûᡣ
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־бҪô˻úáѵ⡱Էһ
֣ˣԲ֪ѰΪɴһʼ̤Ͼ۵;
ǬعʼҲûнͣѰɱﵰĴڣҪΪǬģ
ȴѰ룬УһˣȫΪ˴˵ҿУǸսսֶΡս־Ϊ֮ء
ԭſֵ̬Ѱһ˵鲻Խͷ
ǬعǺͣת䣬
Ψ˵Ӧϣ֣㻹֪ؾΪ
͸ż
Ǭعüͷһ壬˵ʲôȴѰЦЦ𣬵ҳȥһߡ
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ʤƵģЦƣͽ޵ݣȥұ粵
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ڣǬعҲҴҶȥȻȥ׷Ѱˡ
ˣɫ˵ķҲףΪǬعһصļһ

ҹϰϰ
ڰҹɫУԶɽԵˡ
ѰڱҲһ˿ɻֻе磬һþһʵڵ磿
֡
Ǭع׵Ĺϴһ˿Ǹ⣬ղš
ѰЦŻ֣ҿûǰСǼ
ǬعȻһЦҲԣ֮ؽɽ
㣬Ƚٲ𿪡Ѱóһܷ򣬵ݸǬع
Ǭع٩Ե޹ʵģΪҪҶѵֶʲô뷨ô
ѰȻҡͷ°ɡ
ǬعҧҧӨĴ˼Ƭ̣㽫£֣˵ҪǵǬǧ֮ʦһ޵ƣܷ磿
Ѱһ
ǬعЦػش𣬴µˡ
ҹɫУŮЦ绨дһ˿ײȻ
յѰһѾԤУǰļһȺ󣬾Ҫ뿪ˡ

Ļ
һ޴ǰɽ˺صǿߡ
ǬκĴӱܣ뻮һľƣһ塣
ѰǬعһѵִﳡС
һսĴκǰʮǿߣҲֱڲͬС
ǵأޱȡ
ʮһȵʢ£ȫ¹עڴ˽ǿУһʢµ壬ȻѰɱȡ
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ģҲٰͥ۵ʢᣬֻ׵۹չĹԡʡԡԿˣǰһҪ׳ۡ
һΣӦòĳֻˡѰһܵжϡ
ϸǿġֻߡŽ粻ʮʱ䣬ѰΨһһһʱѵġ
ңֻ߲һֻǰĴʹбõʱڣ̤Ͼ۵;
ֻߣʮʱھѵģҲֻһСˣңҪȥѰ伮
עʮʱڣЩֻ߲ڵ;ӵ̫ߵо硣
һȣһٰ죬άϵģǳǧľ
£ѰޱȣҲײ¡
Ͼڽֻ侳޵֮ս侳޵ģ
汻ΧҲֻһ·ѡ
ʶѰҶ϶һУֻ֣߳ЩһֻҪҲԲ£
庮ԴǬǿߣΪɡ
Ȼֵ͸ֻ
ѰûᣬֱﲻƽСꡣ
ʵϣĴڣȷڳ顣
û취ǲΨһһصĽɫ˿ɶشڣ벻Ŀѡ
κǱǰʮǿߣ׷¶Ϸ֮ɫƺΪѰһ۸Ŀꡣ
ԴˣѰͬ⡣
֮УһҲֻСѡ
ΨǬعѰĵϸΪѰд衱ʱǱѹƵý㺹죬ϼ˫ա
ߣҵҪԶͷ
ɫܲÿѰӣʢо涼ЩҲס

һ𣬽ѹȥؼһƬž
ȣʹĻ
ǳǩɴǬκĲ߳ǩ֡
һǩģǴһ˹ˣӰӢ䲻شԲΪ
ǩ˹һ¶ϲ֮ɫĿ৵һѰϣЦ
ֵܣοǲ˼ˣĶ֡Ӵ
־ϲ֮ɫԱ
˶Ľ˹ãһʱѡصļһȫӮľ氡
Ȱø䣬Ҫ̫ܵѿǴǬ
Ѱ׼ӦսʱֺȻѹڣɫ⡣


2159 Ť
ѰŲһ٣Ťͷ̧֣򣺡ˣʹ󣬼ŤΪ֮
˵գԶ
ֶסˡ
һʮӣΪѣȻĽѵԼ

ЦҽҼʣҲ庮ʲô
ԽԽӦ˲ӬƵܣѰѾҲֻܽһӵķŭš
ʱǬعһĲ˵Ķԡ
һ仰ĸֲ֣Ѫ˶ˣоֱ˶⡣
һһ˵һذܣҳʺУ
Ǭعüʺֻ˵һǱʧ
ʱȫĿⶼУѰ˹ϡ
졣
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κǱߣ˶Ц
ϣ˹緢ָѰȻֵܣҲ۸㣬үŵģҡܾҲа
͸ϷʣһЦ
ֲѰȻڡ
һɫùŹ˹֡ȷʵһ
˹ѱǺ죬ȵǿ˹˹
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䣡
ӰһƬһһĻɽƵġ
ȭɱȭ޶Ĵģѣ
жʱһȲ̾
ֶ˷ɶļһվҪŰˣ
һƬȲʡ̾УѰԭزΨ̽赭дһ
飡
˹ȭը飬ţֱӱѹڵأҵĵ涼Ƶ
ȫȻֹ˶⧲֮Уͷ·˸߲ҵڳԷͻȻ콵ʯǰĲ
ͻȻ֮쫷ŰУ˶ˡ
һУ˹ѹ
ãǲһַµ״̬нѣʵٿѰĿʱһˡ
ֵһɵˡ
У˹Ҳ޷ѣöͷֱð亹ɫˡ
ѰЦпڣӴүŵģҡҲûܾ
˹߷ߣ޵ݡ
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̫ˣ
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ǬЩǿ߶Ц˹
ʱǿ߶ѳʶѰȷɣ˼̤Ͼ۵أ
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κĲߣʼѰʵ֮ǰǰСˡ
ǬһֳһҲЩʼϲ
ղ˵ҪʲôǬعȻڡ
ɵ۵֣ɫ粻Ȼûг׽أǼһɲܹǰʮ
ô˵ǰʮĻͻǸɶǬعʡ
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ǬκÿĸЩɶΪ
Ҳעǰʮ֮庮һϯ֮ء
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ʱƣһһսݣҲǱ
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ΨѰ۹۱Ǳǹģɫϲɮ붨
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Ҫǰʮ֮
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ᣡ
ȥǰϯλľ庮һؾʲôȥ
ǲΪԼӮˣڸı⣬һԲƽ֮ǰĻǬعȻʡ
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ӮˣֺǱԼǿĴڣĿܻ䣿
ѰһᣬҲͷԲ̿գһִԲļ󣬵ȷһ˿ɱȡ
ǶС㣬Ҳᡣ
ӥʮ㣬ʨӲãȫΪֱԼһ磬ͲκС
⣬ҲܹΪκһԭڡ
롣
Ѱڡ
ᵱ̤һѸıףףһ齣ϵһƿմ
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Ҳһ̣ѰԼΪᣬȷһɿԾ
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ʩչģʱϤоȭ󿪴ϣ嫺ŭˣɽӡ
ת˲䣬Ѽҽһ
ȭ棬ھ侳֮Ŀ֮ó˶Ŀ࣬ǡ
˭Ҳû뵽صѰܹȾﶷһ൱ֱ˼
Ҫ֪֮ǰǻ϶һĶԾעӮġ
ڣȴ
̹ѰսǬع𣬶Ծһսȫ
һӺ

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ÿһ˳ɫͲ԰һ֡
ֱסӰʱɫɷ׺Ѫɫʺһ̲סȳһѪ
Ӵ𺳡Ȼš
ʱȫţѻȸ
ÿϣҲǹı顣
ᣡκһһܹǰľ콾һصĶ֣
ֵڶɵˣ׻˫ֶ߬
ֵ纣ɲ⣬䡣
ãſɬ͸ޱȵʧ䣬һΣԭǱŵһģ˭룬ûǰʮֱӱˣ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ҲһпˣǸǿչŵϣԲѷɫκιϵͳ
ϧǣɱڵ;ϸһһϣ
ֱѰ뿪ʱŴлعһɫӣ񷭹
޿ɣؾ庮ѾǰʮѡңܹսȥǰҲϣ
ǳԾǬʱһ
סĻ
ʱǬعһܵ飬Ƴһۡ
һ̵֣ûȥŵԣɫ飬ȴѾͳʺûʲôˡ
ȼУֻǣѰһսܸоҪѷɫ١
ֱǰʮһһѡյݸһ䡣
죬չǰ棡


2160 ³ϵӰ
ҹɫī
ǬӪУѰȻԶɽϤɻһӿͷ
ֻе磬ãʵ
һȥɽпһ
Ѱа
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ҹɫУˣڨڨ֮ɫǸġ
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Ѱһƺ˹ȥоƸˣǰˡ
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ڣһӡ
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ֻǣû߶ԶȻӦŤͷȥ
һɲҹɫ£ԶȻѰӰȻϢȴⳤҹ֮·ҡ
˯ѾõĴڴ˿̳ԨϾ
һ޷ݵĺӿͷһ̣ԶӰһϰС֮С
һҹ紵ֻһס۾
ٴοȥʱȴָղһжˣһ־°С֮Ҳʧ
Һ
ҡҡͷתء
ֻһ磬˯ʱӪдһ˵Ϣ
庮ƾ̤ء䡱֮
ֶʱסҹɫӦһĻֽŶ΢΢
ԭǿ󡭡

ǰ֮ոΪ֣ٹ󳼶
ѰǬعһӰ֣ĿⶼԼͬѰϡ
庮ʣκһǰʮ
ǣֻؾΪ
ȵȣ
ܿ˲Ծؾ庮һҹƾˣ
궯˲ĿȻ֮ҲѰһӳΪȫĽ㡣
ΪǬع𶼲ʵ
Ѱڵ˳ƶΪ硣
Ϊ˻ȡ裬ǿȥƾһжȻȻˡ
ǬعֻܿЦԶԡ
Խ˽ѰͻԽط֣һֱһ߸֪Ŀ⿴

һ쳹һǰ֮ʹĻ
ս׸
Ѱƽս
һ侳أѰԾѹ̬ھڻʤӮ
ڶǬǬعûпսǬعֱ䣬ȫΪ֮㵡
һƼףѰԾѹ̬ھڻʤȫ𺳡
ؼžʮ
ȻѰ޿ƥеսǬκǿߣһ̱
ˣѰ޿ľ̬Ϊһȵһˣ

žķΧУԶͨΡɽϣٿӿֳһ磬貵Ĺ㣬С
״ĵ˿̾ӳѹɢɬصĹ⡣
⣬𺳣Ŀһ񼣽١
֮
ǰʮǿߣԿɻá
ڣѰ֮⣬ǬعλǰʮǿߣÿϽԱһƬ긲ǡ
Ѱǰһ֯һݣҡϣֱͨԶɽ
ǶȵһĽ
һ˲ѰףĿǬعɨӰԡУ˫պϣȻ
ţѰĿɨ֮⣬ãã˺ӹ
Ȼ΢΢һ
ȺУһϤٻӰ㣬Ӱ񻣬ˮԼԼм뵡

Ѱû뵽׺庮һ𳤴󣬵Ůǧɽˮ
һ˵ζӿѰͷһ˻֡
תĴݡ
үصߵġѰĬ
֪ԶѲ
ĿѰӰԡϼ⣬ǴݷҡȥȺУ½סԼ͡
ΨУ뵡
ӣֻ㰲ȻʣұѺܿˡ
ૡ
Ԩǳһ·Ǵ£շתǧ֮أ¶ޣۣշʱִ˵ء
һķ˪ƣĿѰǳ֮һɨա
ѰԾѹ̬½֣赭д֮䣬һ
ϤϤ޵з緶ϤĿɡ
кաסˡ
ȼãǡ
ºǰһԵǹӺòȡģܣҲڴ˿ȥϡ
Ψ˶˹ӵж
һ˿ĿܣҲУ
ӣļҶӦõ˵Ѿһཫһء
Ʈ
Ѱѣ֮һĻĻٶӿͷǲһ˿Ц⡣
罣ȰϨǷݲӦе˼
ɵȻһʼעѰһˣƴȥ׷ҲֻĪ
֮·ܲУԺУ˴֮Ĳעֻ֮ԽԽԶ
Ѳָܹڴ֮·ϼѰǰУֻǵġ
ȼãǡ
á
¶뿪
ֻ磬Ҫ¿ʼùӵԼ
ֻ
֪Ǿ֪ҡ
֪ģΩԸ֪⡣

ɽ
򸲸ǣɬĴ糱ˮӿ
ѰӰһ֣ǰһã³УιΪʱ֮
³УһӰأΰӰ̤γ
һ꣬޳ͭɫļ巺ŲӲӵĹһһ֮䣬׺𣬼ġ
ĵһۣѰԺжʱֳһЩϢ
ս档
侳۴Բ侳սھţʮ˾Բͬһʱ侳޵У
ѰͫȻһУǷζţ̫Уս侳е裬еھţ
̫˼ˡ
Žµ֪پɾ޵ľ
ս侳еսȴڹŽھţ֪̺εȾˡ
䣡
ԶӰΰɱ
ȭ֮䣬ƴɽУ¸˭İԵơ
֮ԱȣЩ̤Ͼ۵ȫͲ̫Զˡ
ֻ·Ŀˡ
Ѱһ̣Ҳ
¯һһľ֮۽Ѫ̳
ɱ
Ѱ棬򵥵оȭһһʽӡԼ־ǡ
תǰͷţ
ת˲ɱһ𣬼ֱͷɱ侳һаأԱս
һĻ˿Բ侳һ޵żУܱ˲˼ơ
¾Ǹǿ£һսҲ¹ע
Ϊ侳޵һأ̤еĵһǡƴ֮ؼģ


2161  һ
ǿչŵϣԽǹϵĵͳԽ侳Ĵ
УΪʼ
κ츳ˣ侳żǲ˭ܹ侳ºʵޱȵĸ
ԽۺԺĵ;עߵԽԶ
ʱѰͷս֮ɱһƿ侳֮սһһһһʽԴĪƣɽ֮־ȫԤķ롣
ϸʼգѰսһֱѹסսĽ
յ蹦
飡
澪춯صĺѰȭɱƥѹ֮ˣսɱ
ս屬飬Ʈû³Ӱ˻֮С
Ѱһγ
һս̸϶ѣȴѰʶڹУҲˣ㣬侳ǰԲز
ս档
Աȣսԡ־ԲѷɫѰ
ΨһĲͬڣľ۵;һ
Ϊ侳ѰԴ¯ʮֿϵĵΪķ֮ãŽһءԲ
ֱһУѺһϵľ۵;һ
ǷܳƵϡŽδС֣Ҫӡ֤
ৣ
˻һӰٶȳ֣һŽ£Ůβͣ絶Ƶ
ʱһѪȰĶսϢԵޱ⺷
麣
侳۴Բ侳սڰˣʮ˾Բ
һܹ侳пƴһһŮӣ
ৣ
һ֣麾չӰһһƬɫĵ˺ѳգƥ
Ѱܣӭȥ
¯侳ھ۵;ͷš
麺ǿ磬ָ֮Ӷʱɭɭɨϯ
µԣѰѹƣΣͷܱӲͦԵǿޱȡ
գǰˣѰǿ̬ѹƣǡ

ƮҲʧ³С
ͬʱѰĵҲһɬĸ֮£ת˲ָ۷塣

Լˣһлͻ
ԼӮˣͻһһǿĶ֣
ȻϣûãǹУһθֳһӰ

ɽ⡣
Ѿ˷ǿ½룬õɽҲ
Ǭعڵȡ
ʱѾȥ죬Ѱɽء
ʱһȣҲһɽĵһˣڲһʱھͷأ
Ǭعһ˿Ȼ뿪𣿡
֪ѰһֻߣҪ뿪Ƭġ
뿪ˡһȺǬǿ
߰ɣٵһȡ
Ǭعһϡ
Ҵֹʱ䡣
ɽˣһЩǰհɽǿߣֻʣǬعһ˻ڵȡ
ɽϣɬǣӣιʡ
䣡
ѰӰأһưһµĿ߻Ʈûߡ
ѾѰܵĵڰ֣
Ѱ½һһеĴ
ķս桢麣ߵĻӡĹŵ롢׿
ٵĵİǺ޼ɡ
ÿһ侳УŵǷ켫ĴԲսÿһԿ޷ó
ں͵֮ĶɱʱѰ⸺ˣÿһսӮöޱȼѡ
ʱܵ¿꣬
һ侳ԲڹŽеڶҫ۴档
һѰ˵ľ
һѰеϤ֡
һ˼⣬һ¸ͷ
桢̨ϣѰϷʥͣķֱɸ߿֮ϣ
һַ֮·õĸ߶ȡ
Уֻ˽ﵽǧɸ߶ȡ
һϳšܴۡ
һʮǰƵͥġϡžۡ
һǰһСˣ˿֪ԺȥҲ֪
ʱѰͼס֡
ڣɽϣ¿꣬ѰһӾ뵽ǲе
ңѺȷţ¾ͬһˣ
˼һ˵ĴܹӡǿչŵıԴУ֪Ǻεǿ󡭡
Ѱ˼
죬ǿչŵԴһֻأݡ
ƶϣѰȻʶڹУЩĳһʵѱʷС
Ⱥ貣ŵģһеĸ߶ȣ
˼ʱ³һӰ֣һģʵͨѰꡣ
Ŷң̤ŲЬɫڣΨһ۾ɾһȪˮ
һĻѰסˡ
ʦ֣ѿڶ
ģģֱͺʦһޣ
㱼䣬Ѱ·һμʱľ
ʦܣֱ̫ɣ԰ʦţʦҷš桯еʮһ
ǰֻׯںֲʶһõʦ㻯̤֮·
Һ;ʦָ豲һ޶ۣ̫ʵˣ˵ٻʦ˵飬вͬʵҲʵ˵ĺá
óʦź󣬾ͰϺ
һĻĻ棬·շԺи֡
ٿԶ꣬ģʶƺǺʦһģӿ̳ģ
ȻһѰͲӦ֪Ϣ
档
ԲΪŽ侳սһ
Ѱ뵽ʦһϲȭͷʵˣ侳һĴڣ
ǰɴû˸˵
Ѱһ£һУʦһֱ˳ۡ
棬ȡһ֡
䣬ȡһȭ֮
֣Եۺţʵ
ɴʱѰȴ֣ʦۡĳƺţԨԴ
侳սһ
渦һֱ֣Ӷ֡
䣡
򵥵һȭȻдϡ
Ѱһ죬һȭҵĵˣѪһڣһȭѪҲȼ
һЦʦ֣Ȼڴʦֵܾһԣ˭Ǵ˾һ
˵ʱϣȭɱͬ򵥵˼һϴǦĥķ֮⡣
䣡
ʦֵܶһȭȭ˴˳ײɱ³֮ϡ
սǰ
ĹѣѰѸۣѪжʳѪա
ͬģӰҲҡΣϼϾѪ֮һִȻˣҲ˲һ

ѰХȻһУ֮أԱȼĶս⣬ɱϣš
ʱѰԶʦԣӲزʦ
ʦ಻زʦ֣


2162 һ ڸǹŽ
ս
ޱȵɱУѰʱ䣬ҲεأԺһȫڡ
֮أȼս⡣
ʱʦֱ֣ǿ󵽱̬С־ľսֶΣ޲֮ǿᵽ޷
ǰʱѰᱻΪ޷ó
ڣѰ͸еʱһӵеսֱһ侳ӵУ
飡飡飡
ȭ춯صı
ѰѲǵñ˶ٴΣȫһֱľĸо
Уأȼսź
ս
³֮ϣѰս͵ػȭ򵥵һȭȴһں¯춯صĺ
һ˲ʵ³Ӷһ˿ɬƱȭ̺Ŀֲ־塣
ţԭģӰһȭ֮´߽⣬Ʈ
ѰٴϢһĻò¶һĨЦݣֵʦ֣ˣ
һ̣йŽ侳սһ棬ھŽ³֮ϣ
£ʣ˻ԾӢۡ
һ򲨶ӿ֣ѰӰ;ƿݰƣת˲ָ
ͬʱһӰ³߳ӳѰҰ֮С
Զ֮ʷΪŽ侳һˡ
һ仰Ѱ𵴡
ʷ͵侳ĵУǿմԴУƾ±ǨҲᱻĥ
ϵҫ
Ѱ֮ǰܵľλŽǰЩˣǵĴɾͣȴ㱻ǣɢɫ
Ѱԣȡõɾ֤ͣĵ;ѿǡŽδУҵΨһ
ţ磬Ǿܾɴֻ߳
Ӱ˵ţȻһɬӿֳһֻŻ
Ѱ𲻶
ڽ֮ǰԣֻзأҪԼĴӡ
ȻԼѾɹˣ
쵽һʮʱ䣬ԶԶʮޡ
ڣһѰǰ
һֻŻУͻ롰硱Ͳز£Ѱ֪硱Ȼ͡硱һġ
󾳣䡢麣졢֣
ֱ徳
Ŀ飬϶Ҳһ֮·ֻǺйء
磬ھͿֱ뿪һֻأУʱֻʲô˭Ҳ˵
Ѱ룬ʵܷһ䣬羿ڵģõģ
һΪ档
Ӱ
ѰڸȷǬع庮ЩˣԭԼһӵģ
Ϊ޷̤ϱ侳ߵĵ;Ѱ̲סʡ
Ӱûлش
˵ûʶǻۣܹشѰģҲֻܹ֪Ķ
ĬƬ̣ѰҡҡͷٶʣǣһİأҲעܹӴġ
һֻ̤ŻУӰʧһŻҲ֮ʧ
һʧģӰ
Ψй³Ӳʡ
˼ǣʱ³УȻһԳγ
ųٽ٣һһ߱վǳˡ£Ϳһܷˡ
Ƶ쳹翵ĵ
̫ɽ֮ΪǿձԴشۣһƪʡ
һƪӡġѾݣ

硣
ѰɽѾȥʱ䡣
Ǭعһֱڵȡ
ֻҪһ𰸡
ţ
Ȼ䣬״УһɬĲųһ޳Ӱ
ǬعһӼӰ̫Ϥǿȴˡ
ѣ
Ǭعӭȥϲɫ
庮һɫȻҡ
Ǭع𻶿ĽŲȻͣ٣еϲɫ̣Ƿǵ˭
庮ԥ庮㡭˭
һɻ
һ仰һˮǬعĵϲá
ڸȷϣǰ֮ˣѲˣ
ĲǵЩӷˣǬعסʡ
庮ü˼⣬òҡͷԼǵãڼ˯ʱͳ
ԣһ˵ȻӿǬعͷ庮죬Ȼɺֵ߰ɣϴˡ
תȥ
庮庮ֻȱһȤꡣ
·ϣǬعóһܷź֮ǰǸϣѰĻ򿪡
һֱģһֱڵȴһֱûд򿪡
ڡ
ǹżѵؽź𿪣óеż㡣
żϣһźйصţлϸһаأ
һ̣һȫµĴţǬعǰ򿪡
ƾҪȥ˵ǿȥһǬعȻ߬֡

磬ȵһ庮ռҡ
ĳ֣䶯ҲԨǺ䶯ռˣ޲ϲС
ʱƣ庮˽⵽෢ԼϣԼȴ֪ķ˼飬ҲԼڣȴһľ侳ԲС
Ů˵һֻھѣʮʱıĹ켣
庮֪磬ֻѾѡ֡
ԺУǬκ£Ϊֻߵĳ֣ǰδеľ䡣
󼴽Ļȣ뿪ֻصĻᣡ
ÿһʶֻߣжϳֻвμȣܽһӡ˽磬Ӷ뿪Ƭ硣
һȣеһǴǬ庮һʮ֮ǰķһҲһֻߣ
϶ˣ
˭ѵ֮磿
ÿһֻߣгԾе˼顣
϶Ǽһ
طӵȾ֮󣬼һʱͶ϶Ǿ庮ڵģѰɡ
һȥռѰңȻͼ˻Ľ£Ӻлš
ֻǣһ뵽Ѱ֮ǰڶ̶ʮʱھ뿪磬оһȻ
׷ǼһĲȷ̫ˣ
ʵϣһֻؿ飬ʮޣֻ߾ѣ뵽ʮΪڵС
ɺȻѰһֻ߽ʮʱ䣬һֻ

硣
ǣѩëƮ
ǽֵϣһֵľ󣬵ˮ
һᾣƼݣƾɵؤվܲסѩ֮࣬ӰһģҪ·ϡ
ѩУһıԶ۶ԦľۼһĻü
ûͣµĴ㡣
𳤱ޣԦһǱڷѩеȥ



2163 Ѵ
ѩУٱ۵ıͷƤë񿥷Ƿ¹š
ѹȥ˵һؤǿ׳֮ˣҲǱɡ
ֵһ󾪺ۼ¹𣬾Ҫɵѩеؤϡ
һɲһɲ겨ؤͷŶ
˻
ͷ¹޷ֵ˻ܾȡ
һ̣¡һͷ¹޺ͱһ˥һ·ϣ˶Уֻܡ
һƬҡ
Ԧľڵһʱ䷭ܣһĻʱŭӣæ
ˣдŭļУŴһۣɫꡣ
ͷѪһķŭ˺£
ӲؾţСӾ¹ޡ
˵ţ㣬Զ
᾵ؤѩ𣬳¾ɲƵմѩ࣬ޱҡ
ɴʱݵĳ֮£һȴ䷢
Ŀһ˫ʱĪһ鲻Խ
Ǹо类ϵϣ񶼼
ʲô׷ȥɱı𣬽꾪ѡ
ԶؤתԶӰ߷ѩ
ޱǣɸ˵ĸоȴͥŲһ˵Ĵݺ
һûЩ͵һ̤棬֮Ƶģȥ
վס
ұָ̽繳ųĿѩ
ؤһͱܿڱصõһ
ԭ֮أƷӲĳһӣӹɣһʵˣؤ
ͫһǴŵġ֣ȴһؤǰʧˣ
ʱ˼һĻˡ
ؤΪģȻëĴѩ׷׻ĩƮۿɼ˷ӿڡ
¡
籩С
Ƽݣ᾵ؤϣһǿƳ֣ʼڽ
סˡ
Уڷ纮һϢؤڴ˿ȴһӳоѵй
һż
侳һ־׵ٶ׳ͨϡϴ衢ȼѪ
ֱһ漣
ˣһؤѣԥʲôɱһ͸ŷŭ
ֹǰ⿰ƹͿֲһĻȫŵĸΣ
䣡
ʱؤϣǽڽľڵִ侳شԲ󣬱ٿȻ
羪׾ѩ
žӳ¡
ѩУؤ̥ǰ㣬֮ǰȫһˣ壬ΣѵļӨ󡢹ࡢȻ糱ˮĲɢһ׿Ȼƣѩ
궼̲סҪһ۾˵֪б߸ĸоһĻѾ𺳡
ǿֲ
ҵĻûУɱɱ
ԶĿѣղű㷭ͷѪһǻŭ޴й
ٳٲ֣ŭա
ž
һͱһϣպףڱѪֱӵ˵ϡ
һ㵣š
ΪģǱˣǾ꣡һǼƸõĻˣ
㡭㾹Ҵң
գ˶ˡ
ӣˡ
˵ţһؤȭ񣬡λӣղŶе¡
ؤ䣬ϲ˼ʲôҲ˵
һĻȴþͷֱð亹ؼѩĵĺȴǷѩ䣬̹ǣ

ָžӣҧгݣôĹôĹҵţţ
˵ţҪ뿪
վסڴʱؤڡ
֣ȴûŭЦŤͷɭȻӲˣûʰҪС顭
ž
һڻϣɫѿӣΪ֣
һģֶڵأˣ˻Ҫ췴𣿡
һ̾ԼλӣʲôãΨһĲþ̫裡
飡
ƽΣſؤ꣬ӣ£
һۣߡ
ؤȻ
˿̣ڵģѰѺ꣬ѰղԼһʱѣԼˣؽ̤
ɫ䣬ӣЩǿˡ
𡣡
Ѱ̽ұۣǰץȥ
ֿǰһʺͱ߬סһϢĸоʱӿȫ
кȻûð
꣡
һ̣ұ۾ʹֱӱһȻޱȵϵ촷ۣ˱׷ɳȥѩС
꣡
һеĻ꣬ޱߵľʹ̼һֱ˹ȥ
ұۣͬҲѰϵ
һУѰҲͻһۣת˷ѩС
ֵ࣬·˽һĻĻ۵ףжκˣ޷ţһͷܹġ
һ죬ǵһĺұ۱ϣϢһȫǺ䶯
˭֪ĺվǴǵһ竣
Ҳڵ죬ŭǲֳȫͨͷؤ
һʱ䣬ȴ޷׽Ŀꡣ
ǻŭ޴йĺգһʱҪɱйޡ
ԭܼ򵥣ơ
竵ɡ
ĺǣȻѾˡ

ǣһͥԺС
Ǹˡ
Ѱһɾ£ŷ׷ĶëѩƮ䣬ͥԺжѻ˺һס
ԱߣɬǴ޷ΪԱˣĺյԸ񣬿϶ܷŹҵġ
ǱϵұۣѾɫɷ֮
һͨӣֻܷס±ǡ
ѰȻʵҷһۣΪң㱻ĺ׷ɱͲޣҪʵ
ɫ粻Ŵмһ֣ޣ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ҲҳʶУҾһصūţ
Ҫڴ˽һʱ䣬Ը׷ߣѰʵ
һǰ꣬Ųʮֻ꣬侳ԲΪȴһεƣǱԨ
ŵΪеĲ;η
Ը⣡
Ĭãҧ˵
Ѱһ뿪ʱ㻹ɣڣ֪һЩ顣
壬һؤУҲһ֪
Ҫ˽Ƭ磬ֻˡ
ԣŻߡ
ûѰʧܿͽѰʵһЩһһشҲѰ˽⵽磬ûɽ
ȴһƬųƹһصġ


2164  ֤
Ρ
º
磬֮ء
ݷХããıѩؼ䣬̹ǵĺ뵣˵һˣǿߣҲסȺ䡣
ѩ׷ɣɽӽ԰ס
һѶĴӱ֮ϣһӰԴ׷Ķëѩȫ
Ӱһبžڴ˵ĵܣǰգͣҲߣֻһơ
ǰɺıһƵСףһ˸޷
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ҫƥɻδڰըƮ
ͬʱѰһӣοֲɢʮɽѹ¡
УӰӣѩֱӹڵأһ鴤
һʱޱȡ
һϼһһˣһϼĹŵӣȴڴʱһһصǰ
ӣѩдţԼ˵߷ߣƴƵζҲ޷
ʶΪθղŷƵƵԼʹɫˡ
ǰƳգѲʶǸꡣ
󵨣ϼǰף
һϣ
ЩŮڴзӦӲͬɱѰ
ѰҲһӡ
շӿֳѵĽɢ
¡
һ죬ǳϼ˶ʱش˵صɳȥһأҽвѡ
һƬҡ
ĿһĻӣѩ˳ĺһԲƳա
ƳǷҲϲǿ


2168 е򲨶
Ϣһʱ䴫ϼ𶯡
Լǰҫ۵λ˱ѹأȫŴûʲô
һʱ䣬꣬ϱﶼһ־Ϊɳʿ
磬ѿ۷Ĵڡ
Ϊϵŷ塢ݲҵڵصӣѩЩϼĴһŭɫ
еĿˢˢһϡ
ϣң
ӣѩҪ֮ץס˾ݣ
һĻЩ۲ѣһʱҲŭжɱ
ҲȲ㡣
ȴѰȻ˵У˿ɾȵ㡣
¶һɾԵš
Ᵽ
һƢ߰಻סϢ׿񣬻֮䣬һִĽӿ֣˺ն
һλ־ǿߣһն
Ѱܣ̽һνĶ
ν
ţ
Ľ棬ȴǧ߽续ȻѣӭĴִĽ顣
ۣ
߱һɣѣ׹ѣʴ壬ش
ڵʱ߿ڱѪɫףд֡
ѻȸ
һشһλ־ޣ
ϼһڸ߲㶼ܵţһɫ䣬Ҳڴʱǲڱϳصϣڶ쾳ԲΪ
ҲһĻĶ鴤Ϊ쾳־һ󾳽磡
˭
Ųʮ䣬ӵжԲΪһһ־ڣ
ֲ̫
֪ӣѩŷˣݾѿῡܣҲֻ麣Ϊѡ
ӣѩҲŵˣ˶ǣԺհףǱ
ҴֻΪһͶ޹أȻȾԳ֡
ڴʱѰڣɫֻһˣȴȻһ򵱹Ī֮ơ
£һƬš
Щɫ粻ЩһĴˣŵֻʧ롣
ϼǰףȥϼݾ㣿
͵أһڡ
ϣ
ü֮أֳһӲӵķɽϼ˸
壬ϼ֮ܵסһ£ϼԣˣƾ㴦ã
꿪ڡ
˽ɫ䣬Ҫһʤ
ˡ
ѰƳһۣʮӣɻȴڵС˶һŭ̬δ̫
˭֪ϼ֮ݾеĵĴޣ
ȴƲŭһ¶ʱӿһɷڰۻ뽣⣬
ն죬ЩʵĴ˸ڣò̱ء
һĻҲӣѩƾһĨϣʦ𣬸һλ־Բޣ
һ£ܹӵסģָ
𣡡
ǰķɽ𣬽ʿֲĽزʮơ
һϼ˽Ըе𺳺;ޣŷ֣ڽϵ裬ɲˡ
¶лȥһݾڴǰλˣ
һѰһȤ
û֣ԹھŽĶ쾳޵֮ʩչģǴԺڰһİν
ţ
ն
ͬʱǰѾõķɽ貵磬ŭն£һɫҪ˼䡣
һҫƥֲƥĽȴת˲䣬ͱնϣпһƥס
һХķɽն䣬һ棬ҰǷĽϣһĿĵѺۡ
ۣ
ѪӰҡΣϲ
һ쾳꣬׾ٻǿһ
Ƭţ綳ᣬȫǣţҲ޷ȥš
ԭһĨϣӣѩбļǰһƬҰܡܰ
˵Ƭأ˾ȵ㡣
ѰȻڣǰݺ
£ϼԣ
˵գȥ
㿴ʦҲȲ㡣
Ѱ˿̵ÿһ仰ӣѩϵشʧأ˻У
ƳգƭӣΪǰӲңҲһ̤еˣΪʲô֪ΪУ˶ٿࣿأһֱƭң
Ѱһסˣû뵽ӣѩʱ򣬾˵ֱ׳
ʹΪԼˣ
ĬƬ̣Ѱ㣬СʱͷΪ˭㸧
ӣѩЦ˵ɣ϶ΪҪҺãǴһʼʹҳ޸㣿
ѰĮ㣬ǰ˭л͵ϼУ
ӣѩ¶м֮ɫƳգ˵ô࣬𣿸㣬Ҳϴ
ѰжƳպĸײֵЩʡԼãô࣬ȴһ˽ޱȵİǡ
Լӣѩе֮Ů˵Ľӵذɣ
ƳأһҰ꣬Ǹ÷Ůܸؼҳɻ飬ͷȴҪŮӵĶ֡
ڼΪ׼ɻĸ֪Լٻزˣָûεȵģ
²пᣬ޹ƽ
¼ȻѰǾ͵úúùһܡ
Ҳɱ㡣
ѰȻڣһһУΪաСλӽȫ㡣
ʱҵҪһ˭Ϊ֮ŮΪŮʱЩ㰢ķеˣֻʲôٶ
һһ䣬УݺݲӣѩУɫ䣬еޱȵľ֡
ߵǹ°ӵأݣò֪ŮӶˣϼ֮ĴˣݾڶλȻ
һжûˡ
Ǽֱɱܣ
ҪҴˣƿգ㣬㿴ǴСһ𳤴ķϣĹһΰɡ
ӣѩͷɢ˻󣬡㲻Ҫһؼҳɻ͸ߣףԺһٱǧĶ˼Һã㣬㲻Ҫǰ顭
һ̵ˡ
ЩϼǿߣԼŮӣѩ˿ȴֻ̰ģжİĽ;˲Ȼ
ѰУ
һ죬ϼˣһҫӣѩΪϣձ١
һ죬ŷ峤ŷΪͬϣΪ
һ죬ϼһˡ
һ죬Ϣݺ䶯Ŀ޵Ϊ֮
ϼɨأһǧɡ
һ죬Ƴ֮쳹
һУѾѰ޹أ뿪ϼʱһƼҵ洫塣
Ѱǣĵһۣ͸ܵһϤ


2169 
Żɬ
ѰȻһѭ౨֮С
һΣ磬ҰƳϣԭֻǳߣΪ䱨ѩޣһ
ûҪ̰ͼʲô
ǣһкȴƳռҵ洫УŵĲ
Ѱ뵽ԼԡԹߡ̬ûƳĳ޺Ͳܵõ
һһһһģĪǡ
Ѱ𣬷Ƴյļ硣
պ
ѰƳ֮ĸһ׵լԺŮС̷ҡ
Ƴ֮ĸһݴˣµϡܿʱһλļˡ
Ѱ׵˵㲻Ҷӣܹ˰̫ţ϶ǻˣлˡ
Ѱһ£˵һ꣬Ƴվͻ
ӣĬĬͷ
Ѱ뿪ʱŤͷһͥԺ£ɫİ׷ˣвп⣬һλ¸Ŵǻ۵ĸס
ȻǷӣҲ𾴡
ʱ䣬Ѱ£ΪԵΪϯϼ¶ɽ֮׳Ȼ
λƣѾȥ˽һʱ䡣
һ죬طݣƳĸ׵ܾ֮ء
ԶԶؿһľ׵ͥԺһλ׷ԲԣݴˣѰ鲻ԽԼĸ૑ںη
һϤ𣺡䣬ǽЪŰɡ
ᡣ
Ѱüͷȴʶɢ˲ͥ͡ԺУһ޳Ӱɨ㣬ɨͥԺҶ
¾Σڷ٣ؾӣΨϣڵɴ
ѰһϳȻǱԼٵգϵΪӣѩ
£Ƴ֮ĸţȺͣӣѩ֪ܸĪɣǰ飬˰ɣȳջúøġ
ӣѩҡͷ˾ǴˣҲ½⣬̷ֻߣúźһЩ
˵ţˮ
һǰΪϣձ֮ʦٲԸһ棬ЩʦʦãԶǧ衣
뿪ߵᱻָָ㣬ڿ࡭
üΣɱˡ
Ѿͷޣ޵ҲˡƳյĸæа
ЪţȥЩŹǣӣѩ˲ᣬתæ
һĻĻ۵ףѰ䣬޲
ӣѩҲãϴĸ棬ѾһƲˡ
οͻ뿪
ʱƳյʶͻӵһеǺӣѩģҲƳն֡
ţ
˼ʱѰȻע⵽ӣѩһ߳ͥԺ󣬾ɫҴҵسԶȥ
ѰȻ׷ϡ
һƫƧС֮ϣƬƬ
ӣѩִ󣬴һ߳һӰߴӢɫ԰ףȻǱϵΪŷ塣
϶˵ˣƳջͻ˵顣ӣѩϲ˵
ŷߣǲƳΪܵõ½⣬ϸ֦
ŷ壬˵ʲôӣѩһۣİɣֻҪƭƳңƾҵֶΣ϶ʳ̤֮·ġ
ʲأŷ
ӣѩһĨԹǾֻһЩùֶˣ
вŷ
ӣѩʱԳЦŷʦ˽ҡ
ŷҲЦһƴӣѩǷ̵ͦζϣȵһǰеķȴһӵǰֲĵУбܿ˵׼̤֮·
ӣѩҲô
̤·
ջκΪϵ˷衣
ԶһĻĻ۵׵Ѱвһ̾ǽɽ׸ģƣ
ԭΪӣѩ鳢˼ůϴĸˣɺȻȫǼٵġ
ӣѩѰڡ
СϪ֮ϵӣѩŷһһ𣬵ԶѰʱȫɵˡ
Ѱ뿪ʱӣѩŷ壬Ѿ״
һĵͥԺ
úȥТĸףҪܿˡѰૡ
ûٳɣѰóһ塣
ˣ
ѰӿУʱһɻɬĲɢ˴ߣʧ
ҰʱϤ³ѳ֣˻ѩϢ
ʱ䣬ųս½ݡ
һֺѰЦ
ΪڹŽ־սһģȻǽĶʦ֣һʱ
ʦְʦ֣´ʱ㻹ܷ񽾰ѰĻ泩
ʦ̫ˣ
ѰһֱĴһ뷨гһգԼӵгԽʦʱʦֵɫʲôӣ
Զ֮Ž־սһˡ
һӰٴγ֣һ仰֤Ѱ־йŽ޵еս
ֱ˿̣䡢麣졢󾳣Ѱһһ߹һһ
ڡ徳޵У
Ӱڣţ硣
һΣѰԥһ¡
꣬ھ֤֮Ϊ˾ߣչھ콾񣬳ΪŻһˡ
£ƺûбҪˡ
ңڽ롰徳ֻ񣬼Ѿȥҵʱ䡣
뿪ںεأѰʵ
ʵûϣܹõ𸴣˭룬һӰȴˣ
֮սǣ֤۾֮·
һ仰Ѱһ
ǣ
ⲻҪҪǣΪԼӵ֤۾
һѰʵھսܷڹŽг޵У
ܡ
֣ӰϴʱѰһȻһ˿ʡ
˵Щ޷̳״
룬Ѱԥ߽ͨ硱Ĵš

ֱ볤
̤Ҳζ̤˳;ƣɲ೤
硣
ѰѺһʱ䣬Լڳ;ϵľ͵УյóһпĴ𰸡
ھ֮޵УڹŻһˡ
³УƺܳġŽ޵С
ԭڣھĵкĵ;ǰزɽǰĴУУѾӰ쵽ڵ;ȡĳɾ͡
νھֻСޡ
жϣѰûдֻ߳ѡ뵽硣
Ļעܷڳ;ϵġȱ©
һʱУѰȻǰ֮УԴ¯ΪϵΪԹоΪָ޳;
ֱ̤㳤شԲزʱѾ
һ죬ѰȻһˣǰʥصϿȡ


2170 ۾·
УϿȱ֮սڴҲڴꪡ
ƬϿȣҫдŹǿߵĴ¡
Ѱִʱһս
˫ˣÿһպߣϿ⣬ǿڹս
һЩŮʿǼУΪЩѳҫߺȲʡ
ЩʿҲ¶Ŀ⣬ޱȡ
֮ĶԿΪʢ顣
ϧѰԴ˸Ȥ
մϿʱȴס
أû𣿡
Ͽȣ򵥣ȥǱ֤߱Լʵĸһ𣬱󡣡
Ѱ֪ԭϿȵս˶ི
ĬĬۿãѰһģ̲סҸʱ䣬ɲͨһ£֤ǵĶԿ
У
άǿ񶨡
ʲôЦԣ¹עҪѡǿߵģܱƻأ
ӲأѰ
ʹһԡһλԴǲơ
ѰЦˣð
ৣ
𣬳Ͽȥ
סŭ쳹
һʱ䣬֪Ƭ۷߳ƵģѰХȥ
ǿ߶ʱ䶯Ͽǰ£ⲻ
¡
սˣƬض
ĿһĻˣôպߣȴûסµļһ
ͼ
գӰʢһ貴պƣ۳ߣһķɶƵģݺɳȥ
һ·˿ɵ
֮ǰԴǲƣȳѰλ߶Ŀɿڴʲôʱ侹߳ǿһλߣ
ת˲ѰӰ㣬Ͽȡ
ϿݵһսۼҪֳʤˣȴͻȻѰһ
ţս˫ŭˣ˴˶һۣһ֣ɱѰһˡ
һĻϿ޵ȫڣɴûз˾׵顣
ֻǣ䣬˶ɵˡ
ʮλ۷ߣһ֮£ȴûסһˣ
ԷһһΧ֮ƣ
ֱѰӰʧϿڣʮλɫ粻һսҪᡰǿߡġ
˭룬һֶˣ⻹ʲôǿߣ
Ͽ⣬ͬһƬţǿƮղһĻĻˡ
ãλ߲ŸпƵĿڣ⣬ǿ߰
һ仰ƳգҲǿ߹
һ죬紫䶯ޱȵĴϢһ·ߣϿȣ漣Ϊˡǿߡ
˶ĵֻ֤·
һսҲѰﻯһ棬б˷Ϊһߣ޿ɱȼ磡

һУѰȫ֪
Ʋǰ㣬ȷһ·ˡ
Ϥ³ӿֶ
һκһѰĵһ֣ڹŽµĳ;ϣսڶǿߡ
ѰжϳԼβޣԼڹŽеλڵ
λڶĶ֣Ѱϣּһˡ
ɽھŴˣšͥ۾ƺŵĸʦ֣
豣ȴǹŽеǿߣѰһп
һ˼׹
ӵĸ豣ԿУһ̬Ĵڡ
һʦֵսҲѰиܵʲôѹʲôպͼࡣ
ȻջӮˣʤʱ嶼㱻򱬣ޱȡ
ɱϾ
ҲӮˣ
Ϥӿ֣һӰһ־ֱӵѾ뿪
Ѱһûˣ
Ӱ޲ʥ֮·ǹŽһˣ׼֮·ͬҲˡ
һʱ䣬ѰͷȻһɸп
һֻ·һĻĻշá
磬ռү庮ǰȴ˵۰շ
Ǭعᡭ
磬ͷڼȵķѩУ޸ĸ޿
麣磬ƶ壬ТƷҲѰ͡
磬竷
磬ΪҰƳա
һ磬һһ˼Σȴǰʵ
ĳãѰ⡭ֻأ
ӰĬ
ѰֻأҲһߵĴӦʱйذɣ
ˡֻء¡ԡ
ãѰָԺҶֻصİأ
ʱ꣬Ѱ뿪ֻ硣

ããԭſԶ
ߴһǺǿ֮ϣޱȵΡ룬޾
̫ˣǳǳǽСƻ
ϣÿһңԶľ룬ͻһǱÿһǱУפһλ۾Ϲ
䣡
ǿһͷ޴Ư½صľޣƶͫףִա
Ϣ䣬ʱ;ǳһſը飬ŽĹ⡣
ԶԶȥǿŵһ̻
֮Удһնǳ
ڣǿվ޽Ǻ壬׵ǳ
ɱ
һλ۾ϹǱ֮ϣ˫ĵ뷢ڷƮһؼ䣬͸˵â
ֱǿվ޿ǹĵɵУһյĵ⣬ǧɳŭնȥ
ৣ
⾪ǳ
һսʹ˱
ˡ
֮һǱУһӽһĻУ¶һĨп
ˡ
УЩǿĵ۾ȫפ⡰ǡ֮ϡ
ÿһʱ䣬ͻӭһΡ޳Ϯ
ν޳ǿǿޣÿһγ֣ʮͷϰͷ
ÿһͷǿޣźǿյǿĶȵ۾һؾڡ
һЩֲģе۾֮ϵĵ̣
ҵǣ֮ϣǿչŵıԴȻһϽ
޳ϮʱܹЩפڳǱеĵ۾һȥɱЩǿޡ
ˣӶɣЩ۾ϼһܷڴ˼֮á
ͻˣ
أԶط쳹һЦ͸ޱȵϲã쳹֮ϡ
ʱֲڲͬǱеĵ۾ԲӦ¶ָɫĽҲп
Ҳ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫ
֮ϣɱǿԽ࣬õĺôԽࡣ
Щô͵۾ĵ;йأ
֤ʮλ۾ƾǿչŵϣǲ顣
֪۾֮·죬ռѡ
۾ǧ궼ܹͻһ硣
پɾ޵ĴҪڶ̶ͻƣҲǲܵ顣
ϣһУ˿ܣ
ڵ۾ġ֮·



2171 ǵһ׼
Ƶͥšսۡһλ̤۾صϹŶ
κε۾ԣǡһ֮·
ֻҪפسǱɱǿޣܶöԵ۾жԴ磬Ǹܼġ
ɷս۸ǺεΣյһط
Ѿʮλ۾䣬ǿɱһĵжɵ׵
Щĵ۾е۾һΪǿе۾Ϊ
뵽Ψһһλĵ۾شսʱľ󣬷ս۶˸
λ۾أ̫ŵϣսޱǿᣬԭսɱǿޡ
⻹Ƿˣһ֪ӳսìǿգһٽλප嶼ĩɢǿС
ֲϵĵ۾óһһµĲ²⡪
ɱλսìˣǿձ˰һλֲ
Ҳλ䣬۾ǿĺùģԸפء
εǣû뿪
ÿһǱԸϵ˵뿪ˣ뿪פصĳǱܡ
ӰԣЩ۾Ҫפʮꡣ
ڣǵꡣ
пܣսҲ뿪һһǱУԭפһλϹŵǿߣŵ۾Ϊ
ǰãλھӡҲˣһͷȴ޴ޱȵǿ̵
׽֮£λ۾شֱӻѪܵ࣬ˡ
ǲѪȵһĻս޷ȥӰ
ţ
£Ȼսע⵽ǾĳǱУȻӿһ򲨶
һӰС
÷սһ
ÿһһĵ۾פصĳǱͻ
սۻǵһμ˻ᱻͽ
˭
˼ʱӴʶɢȥ
Ǻبӣ֮Ǳ֮ľ룬̵Ҳ֮ңԶ
Էս۵־ҲǿܡǽŵһǱеľ
ܿ죬һεӰ׽һϮ°ɫڷɢ忡ʵȻ

սͫ㲻ţɽѰ֮ϣ
ң֮
̫˼飡
ѵѡ֤۾
뵽⣬սһϸϺȴѰϲûڵ۾еϢ
˿
뵱꣬ںɴʱѰһˣҲֻһ
ˣֳ󶯾վԶԶ޷͵۾ƽƽ
ȻǹɽУսȺۣھƾ̤׼۲Σڵ۾УҲֻǸ
õ۾ɵģɱֶΣΪûĸ۾Ϊƽ
ֻǣսأԺɻһ׼ڵ۾ϣ

ѰǱϣԶǿգһ
Ǳ޴ޱȣƹǰһΧĸǽ壬ɲ֪ʯ϶ɡ
ǽ帲ŰѪɫ߲ɣ֣Եޱء
ĳǱڣյģֻһš
ǣ
һبǿ֮ϣǿձԴķߣ޾
˵أǿգƾСã֮С
ѰȻ˹Żĵ۹سǣͬΡ롢ߴ󡢺嫣ǳǰԵޱС
۹سǣʮսı֮أԹСŻĵһǵ۾ֹ֮ءĳƺš
⡰ǡأΪζ
鲻ԽأѰԺǿޣħĿֲ־
ʦ˵ǿ֮ĳЩڣǾӵš಻޵С̵ֵģ
Ҳζţ죬Խ۵ˣԽܵǰδеĴգ

Ѱ˿
ֻ߳ʱѾӰ֪ǣԼ֤֮·
Щǰе۾פϡ
Լǵһֻ߳ҲΨһһ̤۾ǵˡ
ţ
ȻѰע⵽һڵ۾־ɢעԼ
ü
ʶУͬڵ۾е־¯̬С
˲ע⵽˶ԷλڵһǱеһλӡ
ƵͥӣСѡ
սۿڡ
Ƶͥ
ѰеľԼͥУΨƵͥһֱһȻ
һУƵͥûвϽ
ѰҲ˵۽ǿչŵ֮ϣһѹģһֱƵͥ
ʱƵͥǳȻ̬ƣͳױˣò۸׳Ƴ
ɽѰѡѰڣͬҲõ
ѡ÷ս΢΢һ㶣ЩһҲҺƽƽˣ
ȻѰΪߣЩʦʦ㣬һǿò
Ҫ۱ֵĻ治˵˭ǰ˭
н磬ʵΪ𣬷սЩᣬҲ˶ŭ
ºͣһǰķ緶Сѣǣ㡭ôˣ
ΪѰӵвѷɫڵ۾ս˰ɡѰԴƽ̹Ȼ
ַȣͲһľ׼ۿɱȣ׼սʱĸǱϹϾģ
ǺǡսЦЦҲԣСṳ̂۾һЩƣҲɱ۾ġ
ȻϿѰսȴòϿѰһЩɱ۵ĵơ
ϾЩѰеĵ۾Ѳǰ򵥡
ѰҲЦЦȻ߶Էڰʱһĵоӵܹѹ۵
ۣһλ۾شڣ
ۼѰûмȥ˼սҲȥСѣǿޱȣҪһЩ
˵գջ־
Ѱ⣬߽ǱУΨһϿʼ
ˣ
뵡
ֻ޵һеУ񶼻һ֣Ѱ˿ʱԲһЩ΢ı仯
䡢麣졢֡;ʥ׼۾ÿһ־磬һ鼫ĴʯͬһС
覴ãȱݣֳԲǰһϡ
ˣľ־ΪΪҲһķʽһС
һ̣ѰƾһָоԼһڴ¯򷨣ѹŽδ
һɴоӿѰͷ궼֮һɶ
ѰʶԼƾϣ۾żֻһ֮䡣
͵أһסɴף䣬һƬᶨ
޾ۣ֤ۣ


2172 ǿ
Ѱִǵĵ졣
һ޳Ϯ
ǿʮͷ޴ޱȵ޺ƶģι״һ⣬Ӵ޷
ϣܣĦȭƣü¶֮ɫ
ѰҲһĻͷ𺳣ǿձ˰
Ȼһǿ޷
СѣǴգϱ˲֪ٴƵ޳ʱͷǿɱ
ս۵𣬡ΨһԸǣΪֹѾʮλ۾䣬ǿһλ۾صϹŶ
㡭ɵõĵ㣬˵λ۾פأɵΣʱûܵæ
УٲȻ͸ǰָζ
ȻսۻѰƺΪѡڻ
ѰЦЦ𣬵۾ضѣô˵ĻҲõĵ㡣
ս۴ǳ鴤ãСǲȰ
Ѱʵѣ˵ɱǿޣԻöԵ۾пĺô
һһѣ÷սһᣬɻ˵ǣڵ۾֮·ֻҪɱǿޣܵõ벻ĺô
˶٣͸һĨȻʲôôСлȥɱǿʱȻͻ֪
䣬ս۾סҰУǿһͷ޺ƶǳѰķȥģ
һͷ۽ţͨīɽһɺӣ
ʱ̤飬Ϣ׺ƥѿȵ۾ؾڣ
ôͲ
սͷŨŨĲʡ
Ҳ֪˵ˣǲң˵޳ǿޣȴֻٵÿͷ
ͷǿȵ۾صĺݽɫƾǵ۾صսټǵķǿͶԷƽ֡
Ҳ˵ս۲ɱͷǿޡ
۾Ľ˵̫ˣˣҲɱǿް
սһݣæСѣҪСģ㡭
δ˵ꡣ
ͼѰѶˡ
ӳ貳ʢܼ꣬ϯ֮ƳǿգХȥ
ϸĽݺύٲȻһɭƥĽ󣬽ǳɫţǿ֡
˼
ʮؽɣÿһؽ̺һһ𣬱ʮ
ҲǾΪֹѰ̫ǿ
ۣ
ͼǿ֮ϣɫţɽӴ壬ת˲ͱ˼и飬ɺѪˮƬǿնȾ졣
ս۴סˡ
ɲǼ䣬Խһͷȵ۾صǿޣ
ֱ߸֪
ڴʱѰһ˵ѣֱƣɲ˵ȥ
ս۴ǳ鴤ƨıƣΪۻ軨˲ɣ
Щһܻ
ο죬κακ޷ã£ʲôȫǳ
ʱѰҲڿɱǿ޻õĺô
ǱУһӿֳһˮƵıԴһŶʯƵӡ
ѰУһ˲жϳڣǴޱȵǿձԴߡϢ
ѰҲĵ۵ƬǺǰȣȫֲһĶ
ΪڣŵǿձԴķ
Щ۵Ƭɵ۾Ĵۣ֮űʵ
ͺñȣһȻıԴһ޵Ĵ򣬲ͬն
ֲô˵ر۾·ܻô˵ȺôЩ۾Ϲʱɨϰ
Ѱо̾
ôǿ
Ҳֻвܵõܻ컯
ѰСĽ
Сѣ콫ǿ޵ʬ
Ȼս۵𣬡죬ܶκȴܹǿ޵ʶ
Ѱһ𣬺ԥ֣ۻӶһڴԨӿ֣Զǿ֮ϵʬȫû

ת˲䣬ѰĳǱǰͶѳһѪɽǺǵѪ
սѵЩѪƵҩǡݡۡǡƤĤƱǧ˷ˣǿһǾ
лѡѰͷ
ս۴һ鴤СδҲ̫ϲռˣԼˣ
ԶǿУڱսһ޳ϮųʮͷǿޣֻСģ޾ǰͲ
֪פϵĵ۾Ϲٶλ
Ȼٶλ۾ĿӴ󣬿Ǵǿǰĵ۾
˶Աȣ֪۾Ǻεϡˡ
׼ĸ綼һץһѣһЩȴһ۾Ҳ
Сѣ㻹СһЩΪã޳ÿʮңػᱬһΣһΡͲˡ
ս۽ѡ
ѰȻΪɱĿ꣬Ͳ¸Ҳǻ
սɫһãߵΪƵ֮ͥˣûйĶ
ۣƵͥÿе˰̣Ϊ˱ȫͳнûԸ⳼
ѰʱˣԺӣָ㡣
սɫûͲ٣һСе̬
ѰЦ׼Ϊȴɱ۾֮ΪξͲܳһѣ
սһʱû룬һǰҲá
УǰԺҪշշⲻµѰЦпڡ
սۻһڣܸоѰ⻰ζЩԾ
ˣԺһǸԳƺԵİɡ
սγ̾
ʵҲпޱȣֱţϾ˿Խ۾ǵһ󾳽ȥɱȵ۾صǿޣ
ȫ߸Ĺ֪ҲԴѰʱҲѲҵѰĺ
ѰЦЦٶԣĿһѻɽǿʬϣ˼
룬νЩ

ڴͬʱǿһɺȻ
һӶѣһ˲ȴ޴ǿг֣͸ļµϢ
ǿգҲڴ˿̾Ҳ
ϸ徹һƬӰ㣬һƬǿգ޷
Ԩ񷡭ڵȵˡһΣӲˡ
һɱ糱ˮǿӿ֣ɢ
ǿչŵıԴвϢһΣȫˡ
סǶʲôֶΣҲҪ˻ܣ
ɢƬǿգ˷ϯȥ
һʱ䣬ǿ֪˫бɺͫס


2173 տĴ
ʱ䣬ѰĳǱȻһ¡
һͷţӴǿʬá
ƤĤƳһ죬ܼǧŰٸֲǱܣʱԳ䵱;
սʱΪɱ󡱡
󷨵ԴȪǳȡǿзֲĻȫת֮£άϵɱһӡ
Ѱźǣϵ̫ߺͻɬ޷ãĻɱػᷭǡ
ѪྫѰȡƳɾʮſšѪԪȴԴԿٲĵ
ݺͶѰƳһǽÿһǽ׭̷ܵĵͼ
ֻϧϣһ޷á
ѰϣǺҲòһ׹ǽʱޣƳɹʱҲޡ
˵һ׹ǽֻȱİƷ
Ѱ㣬ʱɱǿޣͽһ׹ǽϴȥ
ţƵǿ޵顭ţѰ䵱ʳˡ
֮һͷȵ۾صǿޣǱһܻôȵ۽׵ϡ
һ˵ĿζǱǰڣϼһ⴮һ۵鱻ϸĹǩţĻ翾ˣ⴮ýͣһЩɵ۽Ƿ۵ζɢ˿ˮ㡣
Ѱǰרעؿ⡣
ţǿ޵ȻޱȣҲ֮ȰԵޱȵĻ濾ˣܽڵȻһ㻯
ŵ˱ǵζѰҲʳָ󶯣ܶˣûרĵؿˡ
ܿ죬Ѱߣ˸⴮׽УζٷƱɰ󣬿ڿڳ֮ڣˬѰ۾
ֱǿ޵ʾζΨһЩźǣЩ򣬿ζʤһ¥
оƾ͸ˡѰ̾Ϣƺ«УؼУò
Сӡ˻⿾ⲻ
ս۵һǱУӶɳʺܸܵһζ
̾ʳģԿһܼһЩཷۡˢһ׼۾ڵƳġζ͡ڶʢ˪ΣζԸ
˵ţˮ
ѰϼһһһĳԻʳĺоһ˿ɶϲ㽲ˡ
ս۷ɿСѣʳĸһЩĻʱñ㽻
йͷҲһЩ԰ƴ󲹵
أûɣٺٺ٣ɾĺܣҲҡ
Ѱ
㻳ɣսǷһ壬ߵԳ֤֮;
ѣǸ̽ʳˣѰһߴߣһʡ
սһ˵⵹ǣҲһġ
Ѱߣţ˵
սۿѰãԵòʹ죬ʺһ
һ̿ˮûܲȲԣ۲ţ
ѰưԸĨøϸĹǩˣʲôأ
ս۸Ҫڣߣȴ˵ȥˣ㬵ֹĸƨûˣ´ġ
ѰЦ϶Ҳ
ڴʱԶǿȻӿֳһƬӰ˸ǳڱΡ
ףǰűһСģ޳ôˣ
ս۵𣬴žȡ
֣
Ѱʡ
УҲűһ޳ϮʱʮҲóһΡ
ս˵⣬͵طһֽУԣôôǿޣ
ǿĺӰƣŨڵī֭ӣſЩӰҲǱԽԽ󡭡
Ǿ糱ˮûǿգ֮ǳȫڣԵСۡ
Ѱͫ⡭ͷ֮ڣѿǺĴģ޳ˣ
Ҫһսˣ
ǰʱÿȹģ޳ػе۾䣬һΡ
ãս׼
һ̵ϣе۾ﶼÿɫдء
ģ޳ҲֻζѣÿһΣػ
ձѹ
بǿУһߵǣڴ˿Ҳһ򲨶
СѣοҪһЩսɫء
ѾһЩǿ޳ѰƬһϢ䣬ֲͷƤ顣
Ѱ˵ͷӵϳǱǰεӰһ˳ǹ졣
ãЩȫɱˣ
ܿ죬ս۲Ծͫ㲻š
ѰҲԾǿޣᵽѪȵȺƵģХ
һĻֱκ˾
ֲǿߣҲһĻһɲ
ʲô
ǿ޴꽻ÿһ۾ǿ߶սޱǿᣬȴֻбܵʶǻۡ
ڣȴ缯һ𣬳ͬһطǰûз
䣡
ϣӿĺǿգת˲䣬ͽͷȺǿ޳ɢ
ȻǵҲΣգչ
һĻòٵ۾԰һãǣЩ뼯һƷߣȻ⵽ǵķ
Ȼ˴㵵ǣЩɢǿޣûҲûгסӰٴγͬһ
Щ󣬿϶ָʹϲ񣡡ϹĲó
ҲǱһλעŻᵼһĻ
˾ɲ
ֲ̫ǵһη顣
ˡ
ʱսɫѿĳȵףǿޣȻܵĳɱ˹
ӴӰϢѾƬȫ֡
սǵ۾شڣһս޾գѼߴˡ
һ̣ȴ
ǳǿУһͷȵ۾صĿֲڣ
⡭ô
գϹͷҲҪڴ˵ˡ
ս۴з࣬ǣڵ۾·ʮޣû뿪
Ҳζţֻش˵أս
Щ飬ӾҲҪǵ汳ս۰Էݡ
ǣЩƬǿޣֱӺĴڣһХȥ
Ѿ׼һսս۶ʱһɫ䣬ʧ
Сѣİ
ѳ׿ЩǿޣȻǳѰڵĳǱȥġ
š
һ׼۰ôǿ޵ע⣿
ѵΪ֮ǰʱһ١
տ
ս۵Ȼ֪Ĳ²ܻʵ벻Ѱֵ̫ۣ˿ֲһɱ١



2174 ϵѪս
糱ˮɢ佫ǿ޴ɢأǿޱϮ
Ѱ˿Ѷ϶ЩǳԼ
룬Դ֮˲۷زǿᡣ

ȳһͷݵޣ֮ƣ޴צȷݶ
ֲѪհĴѰֶȥ
۾أ
Ѱ񲻱ϲһʱжϳԷսһӡ
䣡
⣬
ײ𣬵Խ֯ڳǱԶɢ
ݵ޶ʱҡҡ׹˫Ѫٲк
ʹ˻ǿա
ܣһǽХȥʮ˵ܻΪ󣬺ݺɱ¡
䣬ޱӲӹǽϣմȾŵľѪȡ
ôײУԶĶᵽɤ۵ķս۵ɴ۾㲻š
ǰѰ赭дһͷȵ۾صޡ
˿̣ǿȵ۾صݶ
ɱֱ֮˼
ʵϣװ쵽һҲԭģǿǿǰȴǣƣս
⣬ǿ޽ֻɱıʶǻۣǿҲԶĵ۾޵߿ɱȡ
һѹ۾֮Ѱɱȶֱ׾ٵ顣
ֻǣѰ˿ɫȴЩء
ֻǵһͷǿޣڸԶʮͷǿ޳ÿһι״Ϣ죬бѪ
ʵģе۾صǿѰеһļ£޷ǳ
ڸԶܵ赲ǿ޷ֲǣʱɱĿܣ
һУһ˶֪Ǻεȿֱֲõ۾ﶼ
ʵϣһĳǱУڽŹעһս
һ޳Ĺģƿǰɹľǣ˿ֲ޳ȴһ˶
ⷴפϵǿ߱ܿһĻ
ҲõЩ۾˹עһսĻᡣ
ϧǣޱ೤ǱͳǱ֮ҲңԶ
ЩǿϹҲֻܡ޳Ϯķ򣬶޷˭⵽˿µɱ١
Ψս۾ҲܽһĻĻ۵ףû͸¶Ѱݡ
䣡
ѰǱǰǿУһƬһͷͷǿӴӰƬնӿ
ǵҲ޷ѹǰ塣
һ̣Ѱһȼս
ڵ۾·ͬģҲѰ֤·

һⷭľ𡢺ˮ׽ƾոֶ
ѰĬ֮սдգֻҪܻ⣬ָ֤տɴ
λһս
ѰһӰ貣֯⣬Լл縡֣¯¯ԨԨ
䣡
һͷƾ޴ߵ޳Ѫſ̵ֱǳƥ֮
Ѱܣȭҳ
ȭ¯ȻѹŽ֮ƣ˺ѣҲ俪޵ķ
춯صײУѰȭɱ£޵ͷ­ֱӱȭ俪һ޴Ѫ
˻ִɽβɨ޿ƥеĿ
䣡
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ǳˣáٽ֮ͫ
ɱ
ɱ
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ͬһʱ䣬ľ塢ĵҲһǿֶΣչֳͬơ
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ֲ̫
ʮͷǿһĻֱ׻һС硣
ʱǱ֮ǰѰֻԼ
¡
սңɼɺѪˮ羪װ쳹ǿҲ
ԶԶȥ·Զħ֮սذޱߵѪȺͶ
ѰسǱ֮ϣɱκһ˿ı
ΰݺ۳ң˸ڳǱ֮ǰϵɱֶΣ
һһ͸޵аĿɡ
ҲǺѷɫһݺأѰһ𣬽оɱ
¡¡
ƬˣȻܱⲢ޷Ѱٱӡ
ȴҲֻܿԼ
ɱ
ԨڣսԱﶷս֮ÿһԳݿ֮ƣԾ֮ǿһͿ
˵ģپͻᱻû˴ϵ޷졣
Ƭ̡
ͷǿޱɱѪǿա
Сӡ
һĻĻ۵׵ķս۾ˣ˿ֲϮûܿס
Ѱһ׼ۣȴڼսɱ᲻ɴݣͷǿޣ
ȫ÷ս۱壬ţԹУ˭ˣ
ûУ
ս۶ɣԼѰϣмʤ㣿
Խ룬Խľ
ɷսҲע⵽Ѱ˿ɱǿƣĶȴ̫ˣĿǰ赲ڼԶʱɱ
֮ѰĴΣޱȣ
һ̣սǵǣ˫鲻Խ߬
裬λ˴ѣ
̫ͣˣλǺηʥӵսŵ۾֮ϵΪɣ
衭
۾ɢѯʣҲеޱȳԾ
սûᣬ첻
ѰǷɽˣͨǿĸɱĿꡣ
һݱ¶϶ӵĿ⣡
Ȼϣû뿪פصĳǱ
Ҳζţ¾ѰݱʶƣֻҪһ֮·ĻҲܵ۾Ĵɱ
ڷսй¶Ѱݣ
Զսҡ
ǳɱȥǿޣһӰӴ󣬽ƬǿնҲڵס˲֪Ŀ⡣
ԼֻܿѰӰ˸Ǳ֮ǰɱͷųԺ͵⣬һִǱըĿޱȡ
һӺ
𣬾ͼ嵽ѰǱǰһͷǿޣɱ
ƬǿնŨѪȾɺɫѪ
һӣʮͷǿޣ
ս۳ˣȫ𺳣ݡ
ŽֻɱͷǿޣѰһսɱģѾ
˼ǣǵصɱһ׼۷ǵ֧ʱӮ棡
ɽˡȻһһ̬
սƮһУЩɽ˵ľ֣ˡ
ʱѰڳǱǰϢ΢ɫҲЩ԰ס
һĵкڸղǶ̶һӵļɱУ˴룡
ɱһޣѰľȴѱó
ΪڸԶĵط԰ټƵǿޡ
һ˾Ŀ



2175 ֮ ɽ

ԭǷɽ
ܣ
ϣһԾ
ûЩǿӴޱȵӰڣõһЩΪϹޱңԶľ룬ԼѰģ
һʱ䣬ȫ¶֮ɫ
ȵķӦǣⱻȫͨķɽĸǰ죿
ţǾ͸е˼飬Ϊϣڵ۾֮·
ڣֻо׼۾ΪķɽȴȻ
һ˵ӿͷ
ղһĻĻޱȵɱɶǿУʮͷǿһֱЩ۾ﶼе
ԭǶɣפǱеģһλŵ۾֮Ϊǿ
ڣʵȴǣȴһ׼ۣ
˭ţ
һ̣Щ۾ֻͷƤ£֪б߸ĸо
˭ޱϣ޷ġ
Ҳζţ֮ǰսУѰһ׼۾ƾսɱһڿȵ۾ǿޡ
ңǰֻһӣ
̫ףȥ𵴡
ΪԹУûĸ׼ۣܹԽ۾֮ǵȥ羳ɱеģ
죿
۾ϹɫѿޱȳѰġ䡢Ǭħȵͥ
ʮսһЩ̫ŵ壬Լչڡزؽȡ
пܣǺ޲ھȥɱѰ
ɽ˹Ȼһһ죬Ѱ׷ɱʱ˸еЩСôҲġ
һЩѰԩ޳ĵ۾Ҳп
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СӸվһսȻ죬ҲǼ󣬶ǿɻ԰ټƵǿ޶⡭ֱǸ֡
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2183 δ֮
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ԶģӰУЩܻο̤·Σӵ޵֮أ



2190 ǰ Ψһ
ģӰԵúһţǿ类̤ݶȻһƬ
ӰȴһҡΣҪվȣʱջȵطֱܲһ࣡
˵ţֽĿ⿴Ѱ¶һЦݣСһսΣ
ǿѰ̹Ȼ
ʱҪҪǸߣĸʱλ棬ܹ̤ϲۣ֮ɻΪģ޼
ָ̧Լң֮һ
Уǰ⡣
Ѱһ£졣
һ˲֪µ϶ƫƫһһԴԣⲻȻûһϺͼơ
һֺܡĸо
ȴ֮Ȼľ֮ʱڵ;˴٣ȥһľǻݡ
Ը⣬൹ԸΪͽ޲ľ֮
㣿һŭЦΪͽѵ֪˭
ƸоޱȻ
ȷ֮ڣһ«̻ĺߴϣǰɽʮ֤ҵ
вգšվ
ǰֻһˣ
˵գժ⿪ں«ϵĺͷ׷ɣ
֮ľĲˣٲ޲Ժͻͯ¶ʱ㻹ܵˣ
˴ƺ«ջϻ˵뿪𲻴Ӧ
֮΢Цҡͷ
һֻһȭ
֮üˣ
Ӳӣȡ
֮ԸΪʦ˵һȭǰһȭҲɡ
꿡ڵǺ죬ŭޱȣȭ
һȭ
ټǿգһشˮһȭҡ顢ݣɽХࡣ
һ֮ҲһȭһȭǿɢһƬ֮紺绯꣬
飡
ȭۣ˷֮ϣӰģϢлɢ֮ơ
ʦ𣡡Ѱͫһ
֣֮ް
ްӰб֮ƣϢңһƵĴʱĿܡ
ԶҲһȭʲôƨ
֮΢ЦƬǿգܾʹ˱
£ԭҡ顢ݵǿգٿָƽȹ̣һƬͰķΧ
ﻹף֮һȭΪ˺ҪάϵƬǿղٵ
أջ𣺡˼ֱЦǿݣθɣǵƬʱǣӴǴȱĳ
͸żڿࡣ
֮ҰһȭԸΪʦ
ָܻŷ֮ͷúܣ
˵գתȥ
Ѱٸ⣬ͷˣ
ȴ֮ЦվʱִԣǴ󳹴֮ʱҵ
ٲصȴĹطʡʡİɣգСӿ϶Ҳ뿪
ͷҲأͦӰ̤ǿգԽԽԶ
գһ˳ʧ
Ŀ뿪֮һ̾Ȼ
һ̣Ѱܵʦƶ뿪һ˿ᣬЩȻ
⡣
ڴʱ֮ڣſվ̫ʱһǰǿձ˰ˣʱһͬ䡯鳬޳ҡ
Ѱ֪ԭղģϼһȴǿչŵ߳ľ
վǰ֮;ֻ̫ƫִˣڶɲ֮ѺΪѳڴࡢڡ
֮ŸζҲ̫ƫִľԤ֮١
ĽƳľͻ᲻ϵ䣬һУ顢᲻׹䣬ʱ򡣡
ͺñһλǵˣľһҹ֮䣬صʱڡ
ĵвΣգһ㣬ԽһŰֽĺͯȴűȵ涼ǿǡжΣգ
⣬ѰȻһ
ȷ˼һĽ٣ȴһλľǻ۵䵽ʱôܼԦ䱾ӵеĵУ
Ϊ춼꣡
µǣǻ۵ˣײϡ
ҲʱѰףΪǿվֳһ˵̬ˣװģľ٣
ãǵû·֮
˵⣬ЦЦѰ϶֣Ϊ˽ˣΪҪһȭ
Ѱͷȷɻ
Ϊܾǰվһ֤;Уɳǵ;֮ϵ
֮ͳ˵ʦʦ㣬Կɳһʦ塣
ʦ壡
Ѱֻһ𣬲㲻š
վ
ղǸһɲģ꣬ϣЩɽ˵ʦ壿
𰸣ѰЩ⧲
ұΪ˴ǰֹ֤ģˣȴû뵽ȴǿվˡ
ɽ֮һ⣬ãվѲǵ˭ıУһ˿أԲŻ򣬽һѡɾͲûˡ
ѰסʦΪϣ
֮ʱĿվɲ֪˭
Ѱʱˣ㤣һλһĽ٣ľȴطʱһ붼˸е䡣
ȻѰʶһ⣬ļ䡢֪ԣ׹䵽ʱ˴ǰǱˣ
֮ͷ̸ϣ϶ܵ˹ƻ󣬿վƫִģǲ֮˸ǿչŵϽһ;֣ػ᲻һǰ
Ѱɫ𲻶Щ飬ȫ֪
ֻܿ϶ǿվ֮ǰֵһŮǿձ˰
꣡꣡
һѵӷ֮ϴѰ̧ۿȥʱһ
ͼ֮ΰӰƬ겻ϰƮʧ³֮ϡ
ʦǿվһȭ˵ˣѰһɢƥĵ۾Ϣ
뵣ǣⱾҵһ־壬³ŵĥͿҪ֧Ųס
֮ƽǲվһȭ֮£־Ҳ޷ȫ㡭
˵ţĿѰԽǾ۵۾δеĲ̣ԺУĪҪ˶԰
Ѱʦ໤Ӷ޷ӵдʱ֮ɾͣԺ󣬶ϲΥʦ̻塣
֮ЦǷɽнֻ࣬Ҫģ㹻ˡ
˶٣ָǿгһգǰǿձ˰ܷӦΪʦһ£
ѰԥʹӦã
֮ȻҲʺ±̴ӦСӡҲ̫Щɺܲãʦ֡ʦ֡ɶˡ
У͸ŴȺͺοЩɽˡ


2191 粨δĻ
Ժлᣬ㽫վɣΣվƬǿյġ·ˡҲǡǵʦ塣
Ƿ֮С
ѰԥӦ֮ǰҵһ٣
£ɽ֮Ӱ𣬿Ҫɢһգ飬ɿվ֮ǰһȭɼӿһеķ
ɽ֮Цر;һЩ
Ӱģˣʱɢ
ֻǣȴƲ⣬ѰΪյСͽǷеţ
ԨѰش
ԨԨ츳ŵΪ
֮˵ţӰǻһɢ
ʦ𣡡Ѱ۾죬ӿ˵Ĳᡣ
߰ɣĴ֮·Ÿտʼգʦͽ֮ʱ
֮º͵ڤڤʹ˳ʧ
ǹŵ³ӣҲ֮Ȼʧ
ಣಣಣ
ǧбͼ⣬ѰС
ǿտյǿգѰͷȻӿһ˵Ȼ
֮·ƣȥ꣬˭֪´Ǻ£
ãѰջĿ⡣
ʦ𣬴Ӧ飬һ쵽
ѰĬ

쿪ĵ꣬Ѱɱ֮بδ֮١
֮ѣѰڻ֤۴֮ҵ̡֮
һ췢̫̫࣬ջңĶǡ
һУδĻ

󣬺بǿУֻǺȣȴǿձԴ
ǱϣһȻƮҷһ˰׹սìƻðɫǻԡ
ŴԶѰԵúЩš
ѰЦĵЦǰ˻Уû˵
һеԣ޷˿̵顣
ʼЩؾͱѰУļ
ԺУ鲻ԽһЩ顣
ʱƴ壬Ϊƽʵ
׵۹Ƿֱϲͬĵ·
ּҵϵᣬ縺Ѫ粨
밵ҹʥС
ǽŻһ£һС
ٺ庣֮ϣ˷ֱ
һȥĩأһս
һȥ棬շתǿ֮ϡ
һĻĻӡͷ֣뵽֯ļص
죬ȻѰҶˡ
Ѱ˴ʱЦ̼ǵǰҶˡٲȻĿͷÿһζǰֱӡ
һΣҶҪι㡣Ѱһ£ʧȥϵѲڣϵıԿԶá
Ҫ֪Щڿɴ˲֪ٵıбǿոصɽ亣ζ
سǱУѰһԽЩζóһһΪܣ
¹¹Ŵǿθǵҳ˷ҡǰʱһɽ¹й򡣡
һ󴮽ѣнӣӨ󣬽ҺЩȳ
Ѱһ׼һѸֿʼ׼ʳġ
иϡŹֵĵϣиʽ⣬Ϸɵģܵģˮεģ廨š
Щ꣬ǿ죬һ·ɽ֮䣬ʮ֮صǳأ߹֪٣һ·ϣҲѼʤ
еʢں磬еǿ磬෱࣬ɫɫĿ
׼ʳģѰһڱ䵱ʮѷɽ⣬һ۵вˡ
ѰæµӰ۾ѰЩ㾿ʲôȥˣӣ
ǳӣҲֻһѰЦ˵ţһԴһ¡
һ̣һӳʼͷжѰ⣬һôʳ̫ˡ
ټĳǱǰٲȻѰĳûãͱһʳķ

졣
һƬĻԭϡ
ˣڽˡһϹظ㣬һ
֮Ͽֻܿ糤بǿеǣԶǿգ޷
ϹﶼǷǿսӦǽˣǲ֪Ľ
֮ǰʱһƬǿնҪݱ飬ȴָعƽ˿һλǿձ˰ĿֲӦѾʤ뿪ˡ

ʤɲã̤³ӳֵģܱǷɽ֮־壬֮ǰһŮɶɱˣ
¡
Ҳڵ̸ɫԾɲ
Ϊ۾֮ǰʱȴͲֻӶݣΨֱ
ʱǷǿеĿֲս޷ƽ𵴡
ֻģǷɽǻǷ֤۳ɹ
һϹɫ
˭˿һ뵽Ѱ˲ӬƵģܡ
ǿ޴ݺεȺƴȴûܽɱ
һٺεȿֲȴûܽɱ
ֱǿձ˰Ŀֲ֣ȴֱͻأķ֮ס
ܽܵˣ
ţȻѾ̤۾һλ۵۾һھ׼۾ʱܻɱȵ۾صޣ֪ɵۺսǺεȿֲ
侲Ҳ˵Ǹ̤ϵ۾ֻӵе۾һΪȴϲԳմԣ϶ҵȽб
һڳЩϹгز١
ˣôϹڵ۵սĻĽʮУѰΨһһ۳ɵ۵Ŀ
ھ׼۾չֳսƶϣ̤۾սעԶԶһ۾ɱȡ
ڳЩ۾ء۾صϹκС
֮ѰĻţôǶԣһ޷ӵв
ΣӲŸƾȻ죬ҵһ֣ҲɱĻᣡ
ĵͥĲս俪ڣǵ۾شڣ֮ǰѰɽٵʱҲһȥѰв
˵Ĳӵȷвһ˻λͬĶ֣
̫ŵƹ⽣Ҳڣʮλ۾һ𣬳Ѱɽ֮ʱȥΧɱ
ѵɱˣ߻һǿŮӡ
޷Ǿ˰ˣƹ⽣ߣûֱ˿Щڻ
ЦſڣҿҵȵȷصĴӴвϾ۵һĲ
˻һϹһɣǰѰǱͨɱĿ꣡
λӾ۳ɵ۵ͬʱ˳Ϊ𡯵컯Ǿôˣ
Ŀڣ˵ڽǷ϶£ҲǿвѰġ
ৣ
˻һĿⶼ뿴һˡսۣ
˭֪϶ϣһֱΪǷɽҡźһ壬ͬͬģ


2192 ɱһЩϹ
սۻһĳȵס
꣬ĻףЩϻʲô
϶վƵͥвǷɽǷЩˣʡ
Ǻǣ϶ִԲڷйᣬһƵ֪ͥ£Ҳӷ϶Ϊͽ
սЦڳƵͥͬ˵أ
˴ǰƵͥϹϷսһ߰˸
ֻڴ˿̣жһ̾Էս۵䲻ɱϾͬţʱֲ̫
һʱ䣬ԥ
ΪƵͥ룬ǶòǷۣսۣȴֲġ
Ƚ϶ˣ
չڵһλ۾ɱڣʱ䣬õӦ
궯һĿսۣЩͬŵϹԥš
һ̣սĶˡ
һģԽҷٲƵ֮ͥˣ˭붯֣ԣ
ȫ
׻ȥˣƳɢ̬ˡ
һʱ䣬Ϲﾹ塣
ôսҲһλ۾һϹУʵ̸ǿҲһĵ۾ɱȡ
ƴ˶õ
϶Ƶͥλԥʲôٽ£
ս۱ȡ
ԥϾͬһޱҪûԸȥһλ۾صĴ˺
ο˭ұ֤ƵͥԺ治ᱨ
ҲֱӶˣչڡزؽ硢ĵͥħͥȵȣЩɲɵƵͥ
䣡
Ժת
ɲǼ䣬ʮλ۾֣вսĵ۾شڡ
սԲԴУȫ֣ɱһ·
ʵվǲпģ˷ǵ۾ڣʮλ۾һǳ֣Ⱦ棬ֱκε۾
飡
˲䣬ս۾ͱɣشѪ
Ƕһǿޱȣ
ңﲻǣ죬У޷κ
Ҳ˵սֻܿսһϹŶĶ֣
ͽͣ
ӾҲ汳ģ
ս˻ͷɢ㣬۾ŰƬغ𣬺֮
һԣ۾ǼѱɱģһѪһƲл꣬ԺҲָܻ
һλ۾ƴҪˣԿֲ֮
ʱķսۣƴ
۾ɫ䣬Խ˭Ҳһ֮ƴ̫ΣգҲ㡣
ˣѹƵ÷ս̧ͷϸˣ绯һѪˡ
Ǿţ
ԶλƵͥϹɫ粻һ۾ˣƵͥ˰
Ⱦ棬ƽˣҲοѾƵͥˡ
һҧ˵Ǹˣ˭óֻ֣ẦƵͥ
ЩƵͥϹнԲΪɵֻۣͬѣ
̫̣
ҪɱҪܣûмֵģԶսᵭĮ
ͼսĿȫǣӰơ
ȺǻţϿɵޣѪܵӰ͸ŵľǾ
һλ۾شڣ磬ߵﶼΪĴڣԡ
ɴʱսĿҪ֧Ųסˡ
ʶģס
ӣŶûУ
ʱ˻ЦȾѪϾǼһ죬Щ۵Ķȫú
Щ۾ŭɫ䡣
ڴʱȴһ쳹ϸ磬˵ĺã
һ仰֣콵ףʮΪ֮
һЩʵһĵ۾һ£һöĤʹǰֱðǡ
ʱһӰƾճֳУһӡ
¡
޾Եɢɱս۵ӰԱɢĵˡ
һʱ䣬о
С龹Ļţ
˵һλ۴ˣ
ֹˣǺͲйص컯ҲȻá
Ϲ궯ȴֹͣ˹һ˸ͻأľӰ
һϮ°ڷɢȻ͸һֿϣɳڡ
ȻѰ
֮ǰһ෱ζȣһƷʱͲһս
䵱սΧʱҲƵӿ޾ŭ֮ǰЩУټϣֻзսΪѣչ˺֧֡
Ѱɿܼȣ
һġսɳƣҵļ˴
ɵѰ֣ҲǼ⡢ο֮һ˲䣬ף
վ֮£ЩͬŶˣЩǿ϶һ޲ýʳ
ΨѰͨĿվ
һʱ䣬ս۶֪ÿ޻ǸЦ
ϸ磬ǣ㣬ˣֵԨ
Ѱһ䣬ɨʮȺۣοɱһЩϹѣкѣ
񣡡
ս䣬̤Ͼ۵۾Ϊ޵ˣڳЩͬɶǵ۾֮ϵǰʲôʸ񣿡
λѳ֣֮ͨˣ˭֣ô֪ˣӦ
չڵһλ䡣
һ仰ЩɲԹ۵ϼһԻһɫ𲻶
λҲĪҪŵҵλ۾ڴˣɱһոճɵ۵ˣ
λǿǱһɽŵȥĻ̫ˡ
õóѹֺɱеĿ⼸Ѱһϡ
˴ķսۣУ޹ؽҪ
ֻӵƵƵ𣬿ȴû˸ҵһʱ䶯֡
ûɵӡ
ѰδɵۣԾ׼֮Ϊɱȵ۾صǿޣοڣ
ʮǵһ۳ɵ۵紫˵
񣿡
ѰڽģǽղԸսĳҲŹǣ
ѹȫ
ˣɽʱЩǿ϶ԴǼڿࡢвġ
ˣƹ⽣һǺεȱɵض֣ΪвԼ
ˣЩ飬֮
ˣǾԵУڳԣ˳Ц
زؽһ۾ɮޱϢɬɭȻת۵⣬͸һѵСĸ߸̬
ѰȻڵͺ¿֮ǰ㣬գֵԨ̤زɽţ𾡵زشС
˻һǵ۾ɮƤһɱӿһʱˡ
زؽ֮ˣɴӲ


2193 ۵۾֮
ˣ
īĺɫת֯ŵ۵򣬻һ֮ӡзӰУɢǻۡԲηϡ
ӡ
زؽĵ۾ɮһ֣Ǳǿ֮ѧչֳһλ۾Ϲơ
һӡݣ︲֮
Ѱ̽ν
ͣ
罣է֣ٳ߽ƥ֮
ͼհĴӡУӰնΪ룬֮ڸǡ
ţһӡըֽ㱻ն顣
Զ۾ɮʶ罣Ю֮
ۣ
һѪĴͷ­׿ն
ɽХͷûһգ
նһѹݣƥϯɢøһЩ۾׷ܡ
мžѻȸ
罣棬۾ɮһ˲ò˼飬Ҳµ˼£
ٿѰƵᣬ³ĸ֣

˽ɫ䣬˸
һЩ۾֮µϹëзȫѹ֮ˣô
֮սͲͬ죬һɱȣλǧҪһĻŵ
˴ȣʿٵ۾ڣסδҲ̫ˡ
Ѱ̧ۿȥ˵֮ˣһӣȺС
룡
䣬аν
ͣ
һ罣ۣһէ֣ɽӣǬʮ
ֲޱߵĽ⣬Ҳһ̹ʮء
ţ䣡
ãͫâڱһν
ৣ
ԥѡܡ
ǽն۾ɲ˺ѳնŲƶҪ죬͸޼᲻ݣﲻƵơ
ͼУǻϢĵӿֳһعӰһ׷¡
Σֵʱ̣ƴУֻҪܱסһɲܹܿһն
䣡
նһ׵ķһȴõĭȻըƥĽϮ롣
ŨɺѪλĳ̫ŵ壬ŵ۾սϹŶɱ
ҵ״óٵ۾һɫ䣬̫ǿˣǰ㽣ֱ޿ƥС
һȳ
һĻҲٶЩϹ𺳣ʮǶѲƷԾ۴֮ɡ
ȷһ䣡
۾֮ϣ޾ۣȷ֮
սһƮܹѰ֤۳ɹǿȴû뵽Ᾱǿ
һϣƣ
Χɱƹ⽣ɫУСӲҪ϶ǿǧҲܷŹ϶
仰ʵѣȥΧսۣԴǣѰ
ϾУ޷Ѱ뱣սֻۣԣ
Ϲӷ
ȡ䱰ɣ޳ܣ
սŭٵ۾ȥԸһճɵ۵ˣԵòʣڵãЩϻ˻ļֱ޳֮
Сѣ㲻عңǰܵѿɺЦȪˡսӾȻ
ԼΪѰ׸
ʲôЦȪҿϷɡѰ˵ţɢԱ𣿡
֮ϡ
Ƶϴ
˵ţӰһڰ֮⣬ٿŲƶ
֣һϹжݺһһǷɽݵŮӡ
֮ǰƹ⽣ʮˣ£
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˵ţͽսȥУóһ˶Ĵϣݸսۣ
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ս۴˴ʱԹϣ
꣡
зϷһ꣬Լȳ
ΪԸƣĳҲǡ
ϣѰչһȻڡ
ڵɫ粻һѰǸевʱĻȥһѰֵŮˣ
ţ
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Ӱ⣬һɽʣƥֱնһѤƥĽ
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һĻǿչŵϣܻһС磡
ΧѰҲһµɱսⱻȼ
ɲǼ䣬ӳʩչܡ
ѰıһڸĴԨ½Ӿģ񷣬ǰУͻ͵۽㱬ƳС
¡
ʤ̫Хÿһ˸ڵ۵ƥâܻࡣ
ת˲ХһйԱѵĽƿܣ֮˺ѡ
ۣ
һЩ۾ܲܵˣѪɣ
һɲǵĽУΧֱ֮ӱѰƿƣԨת򷨲֮ơ
ĽХ̳Уǡƾ̵Ľ죬ɱǬ޿赲
һϹŶȭ֮䣬ӿǧɫѰԵ͸ŻϢ
ѰܣĴԨתǧûĥһա
Ӱѳ嵽ϹŶǰһƴ
ž
λŵ۾ΪϹŶֱӱ飬ȻըѪǷɽ
ѰҲӰ˸ƳС
䣬ʮλ۾ϹﱻɱʮλϹشֲѪȣƬء
طѰͬƵҲչֳھ۵۾
ľʩչ֮죬ӰȼٵأǬΡ֮ɽѹ֮ƣݿ࡭
ǿģˮ壬ʩչˮǧͨɲǼ䣬оͶǧӰ
ǧӰԺͺˮһӵеȴھ׼۵Զǵ۾ɱȡ
ǰʱѰһٶúˮͨԭڣǧӰҪһ磬Եúܼߡ
һǧӰ׼ʱսǿɲһɱȣ
ŵ˵ǧӰÿһսȥһĵ۾һ￹ˣ
ͼټսУһӾͳױˡ
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ͻһĻõЩϹﾪһƬҡ
ѰӰȾ󣬵ȷ̫ˣֲ̫
ڸ߿гԹϹսͷս۶ţѰһ˷ӳս
Ҳһ̣ǲʶ̤۵۾ѰǺεȱ̬εһڣ



2194 ɢĶ
ؼңѰӰ飬ڱսУݺύ
԰ټƵĵ۾ϹԻ
һӾжϣǷ֮ȥǧӰԾʱ޲㤷֣Щսһǿ
䣡
Уһ۾һصǿߣʮӵž׼۾ķһΧ˲ͱɱ
һߣһ۾Ϲƥȫ佫ΧȴأѪ
ĿѣֱţǽֻѰķȴȵ۾ضˣ
ͬʱսͬУЩϹǾʼľźҲЩ
Ѱĵ۾һΧ
۾صĻĻᣬͬҲᱻΧɱ
۾ӵлɱЩܣȴΪ˸ˣ
ֻе۾֮ϵϹŶŲΧѹɱЩ
ɼˣڳһϹǻеţ֮ôǿѰָ֮úεǿ
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ˮ壬ʩչˮǧΧȫ˵ǿֲޱߡ
ͬģĴӵеƺ͵̣ͬѷɫڴʱսУÿһƥڳս
ҲҿЩ赲ɱѰڱһڵ۾ءصϹŶΧ
ϣӷս۵Ұȥ
սУǻĴҫ۵Ӱϯɢʮء
԰ټƵĵ۾ϹѪսУʱƣϳɵһĻ
Ѱȴ磬һεصĴԨϯսɱٲȻ޿ƥ֮
÷ս۶Ĳͫţš
һվ۳ɵ۵ˣһ˺λǿĵ۾Ϲֿ⣬ȹģĵսУûгֹ
ʮսڵ۵սĵ۾࣬Ҳûڰ㣬һ˿һеУ
ս۸ҿ϶֮սȥǿչŵע뼫µĺ䶯С
һ֮һе۵Ѱע˸£Ϊһһţǿչŵ𶯵ġͨ뢡
ݹ۹Ž񣬱죬ҲҲһ֮ȼģ
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սϸȥȻͷ֣ЩĴǵ۾֮µĽɫ۾֮ϵģڣϰ֮ڡ
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ҲЩţ·ʶһֱͣѰֻһֱѰǿ֪С
սɫ죬ˣλԹϹҲһλĽɫ


2195 ִ ͬ
սУֻʣ˽ʮλ۾Ϲʱȣֻϣ˰˳ҡ
˳УнǱɱĵ۾֮µǿߣԼĪʮˡ
ѡӱܡ
Ҳ˵սʱѰɱĵ۾ԶԶûЩܵĵ۾ࡣ
Ҳ֤ȷһȺں֮ڣԶԶ̸֦ͬͬͬ
ɼˣǱѰɱĵ۾һ𺧵ľ֣
սδʹ˽෴ˡ
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Ѱɱƹ⽣ۣǸеĲǲδʹ˲
һΪţո̤ϵ۾Ѱעܼ̫á
һΪţ·ӵĽҲԴݶˣ
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ѰҪٻɱƹ⽣ĶʱѾ
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䣡
սУɱ죬쳹ʮ
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浽ʱ£˭֣
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սֱӺͼ򵥵Ĵʽȿյ۾֮ҲԽ˻ᣬĥС
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˽磬ֱҵ۽硱
յĵԽտۺ񣬡ҵ۽硱Խǻֺͺ嫣ͷųܾԽֲ
ˣ۾һأ껯Ϊ־ࡱ಻ͷ𣬵б棡
ѪΪ۵塱ֻʣһѪһҲ
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ֻҪܵҷ𡱰Ĵǲ಻ͬ٣
ʶ۾֮һֱһ˵ִߣͬ١
սҲǴӵ۾һһߵڣ᲻һİأҲ˵۾һصĽɫŮɫɫʵҲие͡
еĵ̳кѹ֮ͬҫƥ۵㣬죬ǰ;
ҲеĵѰйоأ̸ҫۣɱϾҲǵ۾Զǵ۾֮µ޵߿ɱȡ
ԭڣڡ־ࡱҵ۽硱۵塱ֵϣͬһ֮ˣҲǧ
ֵУֱꡢֵ;
ҲΪΣΨмֵ;֮ͬˣϣȥ֤Ϊ۵ĸԭڡ
ɼ֮ͬˣÿԽֵ;ԴԲزǣͬΪһʵ˸ߵ֮֡
˵սۼ۾һصĽɫɻûһܹѰ㣬۾ؿȥ͵۾ءصϹŶɱģ
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ҲѰǽʮΨһһ۳ɵ۵ģҲ֪ۡڵ۵ŵǺεһԼ
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λԹϹҲһλǿһͿľˣûأԼϹʲô
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һѽ϶սۣչһӯӯһյ֫
ϣӦþֵҵǳˡ
峺ƵУһ˿ԾԾԡ
ս۳һϣƷζˬĹȿԹϹҪսˣϾֻԼˡ
ɾڴʱȻס
Ҳס
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һɲЩΧϹ綨񣬶Ӱͣ͡
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ֻɲǼ䡣
ǰΧѰλϹŶԷﵱɺѪŵı񣬴˷
ѪȾڤ



2196 ִ֮ ɱ
ɲǼ䣬λϹŶе
ͻһĻõ˽һǵһʱԶԶܿϲƵظֳ֮ɫ
λϹŶУλ۾أλ۾أ֮ǰһֱǰǣѰõֻ޷ͻΧ
ڣת˲䣬λ˲֪µĴڽԱУ
ͻһĻֲ̫ڳ˵Ķ־ܵһɫò
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壬Ȼм䣬һΪ
λ֮ǰǣƺӲѰĿֲڣȴڴʱ˿ûа㷴أĶ㡣

ѪŨɺ졣
ɱ
ս˻۽ѿʳѪ
Ⱥ棬ŭѰȼնȥҪճɻҽ
ѰʱʱԨƣǣƣϺ͹ⷽصװ㣬Ŀܺ
ֻѰӰ򷨲֣ǹɫĥ˲ϢһϹŶǰȭ
䣡
λϹŶʩչط赲ȴ۵ֱӱƵȭɱ嶼޾ȫû


2197  ûʮ
Ѱ˿ɵ
ǿ̫ǿˣսۼôУоǿȣ绯Ϊһʵӵ
ꡭĬĬԹϣȻЩķӽԺ󣬾ٲǰǰȥѰˣоܲϲ
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Ѱٶȣε֮죬ֻУһİ׺ۡ˺ѣӦ
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ָ֮䡣
ĸϹﱻѰɱÿһǣ֮ǿһͿٲȻһ·ѹ̬޿ƥС

ʱһϹ׼ᣬһǽ
ײŵĽƿռ䣬׹⼤ʮɳ޿ƥа㡣

ѰܣֱȭͷӲһҫϢȭ׽ײһ𣬾ȻĽ
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Ƭأ޵֮У
ЩԥϹŶһĻŵ壬ðҲԶӴܶȥ
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ѰǵȻ쳹Ӱʧԭء
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˺ѣ׺۹졣޿ƥе˲ɱһϹǰϹֻüУһӡͱѰһĳɷ飬궼
ʱУѰӰƵƵ˸չһѪ׷ɱ
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ֻǣЩϹ˷Ѱ׷ʱƱػӴܡ
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죬ӵ
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ͷս۶ͣ˳ԹϣƮһٲȻϣΪã
˵ĸоͷ·ϲڳ֣
ãˣ
Ԩ֣Щ˷Ӱһŵɫɷףɳ
Ѱȴٿأ

һֵ˻쳹ͼһܵϹӰ类籩еĳӣ˲䱻˺ɣʧ
ţ˷ͬУо֡ŭԹĴ쳹
ת˲ЩӰ˾ͱǶĴԨɣֽ㱬У׻ɢ
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ֻʣ·սۺվһԣŹϣǰһС
Ƭ׹ҹȫޱƵĴԨУЩܵϹѱһգ
ѰȻһڣɨƬеһж֣
ʲôˣؼյģŰ쫷Ŀֲն޾ĻС
ѰӰȻ嫣绯ƬصΨһף
ˣȻȫˡս۱𺳵ʧǡ
ЩϹУսĵ۾ˣ޷죬սǿն꣬нͨƹ⽣ۣƥС
ЩǿĴڣڵϣͨľ뢣ǽӽϵͳĴڡ
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֮ǰڶýͨʵľ޴ټϳսɱŸ̤Ͼ۵۾ҲЩԲˡ
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֮ԸˣҲΪƿغʱ̫Եʡ
ߣȥˡ
̽ץסѰƣɷ˵ڵĵط
ѰûоܾһƺƴѪɱУһЩ۾֮µ϶ߣҲѸβ
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ԶطЩӵĵ۾֮µϹ˿̽׹ߣɫò
֮ǰȻԶʱǱԵһʱ
ҲڵʱõǿãЩֲޱߵԨһƬսڵĵطһɣ
ǵȿֲһĻõ޲㤣Ϊ֮
˵ǷɽˣѾˣ
ɬڡ
һ仰˻һҲµһ㣬ֻȴȥš



2198 Ż
ţأѪȺͻϢ
Щ۾֮µϹǻһ𣬱˴˶ӣܿԷɫľɡ
һѪȵĻսɱ
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˲ȷ
գһʱѹޱȡ
ЩϹȴǲ޷ƽ֮ǰһĻĻһجΰľ֮С
Ϊ۾±Ǩɣ޳Ѱɱ¾Ͷ޷⡣
ɽշһУȴһʷǰػΪĵϣ߸ǵ֪
û뵽һ̤۵۾ˣսǰͱ̬
ǹϵʷϺ͵伮УҲûмعκһܹѰȼ
⣬ԳبΨУµһ
ǰûУǲŸû԰ټƵĵ۾֮ѹƲסԷһˡ
۾زУ۾زУ۾ءػУ
ΧͬУ
˵Щ۾ǻǵϹŶǵڴˣ¶š
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ȻһϹŶɬ˭룬¾Զ١ҲС
һòɫ粻һ˵Ĵܡ
һսֻҪȥЩԶ٣ȴɱĶӵϼһעΪЦ
ɫƣɧǿչŵϣΪҿɲԸȥͷɽѰΪУ
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һϹͳһսۣͱ죬һɱٶһȶս۸ǿֵԨԺǿչŵϣԴΪ𣿡
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֮ǰһսÿһʶѰǿû˻ỳɣѰԺĳɾͣ᲻綷սۡ
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ϹԻһЩһҲǣֵԨΨһһͨĿ֪꣬һѶòĵ̣Ŀܻ޶ԣ
ҲЦв⣺ЦһһУûΪɽЩ»ҰԻȥɽأһ𶼱ɱˣ
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ҪҪȥһ顣
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ü̾û뵽ýʣµЩϹһĻᡭ
ͷս۽һܿ˾׷ʲô
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֮·Ϊã˿𣬶ȽԿɢȥ
쳹ʮأЩԾŵϹǣһ㣬¶ظ֮ɫ
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ЩѶ־߽⣬ֻĵ۾ϹＸһʱͳ˹ȥȿֺεΪ׳ۡ
ϣʵҪҪȥɱһ
ѰҡͷһЩĻɫֵˣƻָԺȥǱһһݷá
սһʲôݷãҪȥҳӣ
һ뵽Ѱ֮ǰսбƥƣս۶ЩϵͳһѺ
áӦĺȻ·ԣѰκξǿβܵġ
˵ţһ˵˶ϣָ絶˲гһ꣬ʼ
ϵζˬȿӨ֭ڸоһһĺãҲжӡ
ﻹʲôʱ򶼲Թϡ
ս²һȴЦеҲϻǷζأһû

ͬʱһֻУʶ޵ߣԱһЮţ뿪硣
¡طǶ½ߡ
ֱڻûСѡʶ޵ߣѡֻС
ԺԶʧУлֻ߳Ҫ컯ˡ
ˣŹʱ䰡
طǷص죬ԭǰʱĵطԶйϵĹ
Щ۾֮µ޵߷غ󣬾͵õ֮·Ϣһʱ䶼㵣ֲ
طĹˣɿʵ϶ǷĳֱʣѰأΪβ֣
ӿ϶뿪ֻ磬ǣʱҲûֻܴ߳շǱǿƴˡ
ŸӣϣȻʧۣ֮Īǡ
ֻغǰ;ȱ©Ƽһ࣬ò˶ãӭ֤ɵ۵Ĵ
һ㣬ûʲôᣬ˷ޣԵ֡
˵ЩطͽҲһͷһֻеǶԣҲһδε벻ĺô
磬ڿ컯
ֹǣһκһֻ޵ߣҲջ
죬·ֻһÿһֻҪܹõڵ;֮ϡĻᣡ
ΨһЩźǣŹʱͽˣδЩᡭ


2199 Ӯ½
СѣǷҲ뿪ˣսʵʧᣬҲ޷뿪
ѰЦϸ㰲Ĵڴ˵رˣο뿪ˣǿĴĿܲˣ
սһ¶įȻ֮ɫҵǲֻȴû뵽Щͬžȡ
֮ǰսУԮʱЩͬȴԹ۵һĻĻ
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ѰûжȰοֻ˵ƻָǱ뿪
һ۾شڣ·꣬ս۾һ£ػѡ
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续ľϷһĨκ죬˭ǹӵŮˣ
طӶһۣжһֹŮţ浱˵۶Ϲ˲ɣ
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ǰ׵ϵһˣɣϣݣλŶѶá
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һ˺ܿ뿪졣

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ʵϣ۾أı⡰۽硱˵۾֮۽Խǻֺͼ̣ͷųܾԽǿ
Ѱġ۽硱ֳһ֡ƴͻͣļ֮۾Ǿ°Ͳɡ
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֮־֣ǿձ˰ֲ־ӰѰá·컯
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춯Ⱦ٣۾ء֮ǿߣʧУ֮£Ѱ֪
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ţЩϢԲ˼ٶȣɢǿ֮أ֮һǰδеȻ󲨡
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һɱ֮ˣһµǿյһͨȴо۳ɵۣһڵ۾Ƥ£ò֮컯һˣɱڵۣ
ÿһϢʯ쾪һ𴫳ֱһһףըǿÿһ硣
ѰҲһԾΪҫ۵һˣһ紫ľ۴ۣ
䶯ۻɽХϯʱһͭȸ¥Ҳڵһʱ䴫ͭȸ¥ǵĵط
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󣬴һ쿪ʼͭȸ¥½ʼ룬ʧ
ֻǺѰĪ䶯ȣڰͷ֮һͭȸ¥Ǳ鲼ʧͳţδ̫Ĺע
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2200 ب Ψһ˶
磬ĵͥ
㰻Ȼġɽۣ֮Ϊĵͥĺصڡ
ܣ
ƽ½סյõӺڰдϢ׻ľʧء
սۣһλ۾شڣ½ʦ֣ȴ죡
Уѹ֣һںĵ߲ͥɫÿһĶݣ޷ƽ
ͬ޷ܡ
˴κĵͥǰĵ۾оˣȴûܻбսڵһλ۾أλ۾غλ۾ء
ǻ߳ˣΪڵ۾֮ڣ
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֪һĺǰǿձ˰ĵ;䣬õ۾Ϲﶼǰ˰Ļᡣ
ʱĵͥͬһЩϹŶ뿪ʣµĵ۾Ϲֻнʮˡ
ڣһӾ͵ˣ
ȷ̫Խܡ
Ҫ֪ĵ֮ͥͥһ죬̹ޱȣܵش
֪Щ뵽ʧҲעܻСˣ
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½쳹ŭɫÿ£Ѿܶûʧ̬ˡ
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˵ǵǴϢпɶ˵ˣԣջ̤ǿ죬ȥЩһһŰݷá
нһһ̤۵۾ӵŲǱܵˣչĻǺȷأ
Цǿ֮Уͳڶ࣬һɽΪ̤Ͼ۵۾ͿԺ޼ˣ
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ͺĵͥһǬ䡢ħƵȹϵͥʮս塢ԼһЩ̫ŵ壬Ҳ½յЩϢһʱ֮䣬޲ĪС
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ѱǶ֣·һļµӰÿһϿա

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ĸֵķѹ˹Žٵ۾

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һ죬峤̬ǿӲȫ£˸κ顣
罣۵֪Щв뵽ԺһˣǿչŵϣѰΪ
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뵽⣬罣ͷһ£ܿ侲ΪֻҪţעѰв

ǿչŵоŴÿһֲŴСȵ磬ޱ֮嫺͹
ЩУ콾֮һ֮شʣеĿһ֮ضɧеĿһ֮ڹڸȺס
Ҳеģһǰé
ˣںǿչŵϣ֪жٸǸ硢е콾
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ִܹǿչŵģԿǷëǰĴڡ
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بΨһ˶

֪ЩϢʱط¡ǽΰ㣬òŸһУҲǼ֡
ġױЩѰȼ磬ͬһεľ֣һ
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ͬǿչŵµ޵侲֮󣬶Լͬ뵽һ⣺
ԨѰ񾿾Ƿ񻹻ţ
ţָ֮߳۵в


2201 ִ
졣
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ѰɣԶǿաµǡԼ죬Բһֶضǿɶ
䡫䡫䡫䡫
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ųٽ٣һ񣬲ڳֵһ·Ȼǰ򵥡
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ͬʱѰԺУֳľ
磬ֻصǡԭɡ
Բ˵ԭʮǰѰһڵ۾ɱսĵطԼĪ൱һСĽǿձԴ򹹽ɡ
ĺģֻص
˵Խֻ磬䡢麣졢֡ʥ׼۰˸硣
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ϧǣ˿̵Ѱ佫ȴ޷ȥǡֻصĺİء
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ͺѰƿصĽͨһͬҲǣ򣬿ҲֻΪã޷ŵ̲صĺİء
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ȻˡǬعż߬סų貵ʣԭֵԨ
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һ죬ġɽġ麣ġ麣ġŶ족
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ֲڰ˴е޵ߣ޲Ϊ֮𶯡ϲһ죬Ҳ˴޵¼Ԫĵһ졣
ͬҲһ죬ǻֻвѵ޵ߣҲ޷ˡ
⵱ȻѰֱʣһƬֻ磬ƿأȻ֡

ˡ
ѰӰϣЦſڡ
ָһһŻӿֶͷսһ˳ȥ
ѰӰ뿪ټٿһӡǣѰ·Уʧ
ǡӡǣѰҲпѡ
ǰǾ׼۴ԲΪһһڵ۾ϹеġС
һλ۴ۣӵִ̣֮֮
ԴԺѰ֮ѿŽ֮۾Աȸߣ
ˣˣ
֮أƹƵսһǼԶϣѰӰ
٣СӹȻûҾ֪˲ǧꡣԱߵĴƹЦ
ƣעԴǣֹǿյĵԨۣһλľ۴ۡ
ӤһѪɡƿڣԼӰ͸һɾĶǵ֮
Ѿȴ˵ضˣ¼Ѱڻ߳ʵ򶼲Լͬذ˿
֪紫УѰһ֪
ףҲˣ
ƶ䶯˶ŤͷͿΰӰƾն
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飡
Ƶ˸ʺͣ¡
ƹӺӤЦ
ڸ߿ѰһĻʱҲЦ˵һǧ꣬кù


2202 ۾֮
ƱЦùѿ죬޲ҧѰһڡ
ڴʱȻڣʦܣһȭ
䣡
ͲѰӦһȭ򵥡ֱӡ޿ƥС
գûκβ
ʵһȭزﵽһַ˼ĲΡ
ѰУһȭΡơ޿״
Ƽ򵥣ȴڣꡢľ塭ÿһͷԱһȭ֡
ɼֲ
ȴѰܣһҲһȭȭ磬֮ͬ
һɲѰߵսۣԶľƹӡơӤˣϢԱһĻ
һĻˣߵȭײһȴϢûκβ
Ҳ޾춯صĺ
ѰȴӰ΢΢һΣȣϣ
ԶӰ˳·磬ȴЦ
ϸԣӦдΣ
ʦ֣ˡѰӰƮȻأЦ֡
ǰѰ򣬸п֮ǰһȭ̵ǵ۾һصƣκαȻǵڵ۾һʱսҲ㡣
ߣʦֵܵһġ
˵ţﾶֱѰŲƶȥ
Уֻʣ˷սۡƹǴ۵Сۣ
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ƹȴƳĬЦսۣλӤλرƵͥսˡ
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ģܱҲˣߵʱҲкһǲѱа
һֱűܣкĴƣǣҧгݣһıߡ
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ԴţǱ֮ˣܾȥݼ۵ͭȸ¥Ѱͬţ
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Уһʵʦȥ
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ȥ˰ʱȥЩˣ
Ѱ˵Ľ٣šվʱһƮ¶˼֮ɫ
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Ѱҡͷ
ﲻһȻ̾ҲԣʦΪˣ֮Ѹ֮ˡȻ˵ǿ϶ԭġ
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УҲѰȷԭһ׮ɵ۳桱֮컯ʦڡбǡͼе־壡
֮һ׮컯ȲǴУҲǻԵڷ֮־
ΪģѰ֤ΪʱΪ令
Цԣҵ֪бͼõʱŻ࿼飬ΪľǿһȴµˣεºܣõʦϿɡ
ʦ⣿ѰЦʡ
ЦԺԵʦΪ
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Ѱܿ˽⵽۾عأһһǵ
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ƴϣ֮أԿɻ磡
أһѣѡ
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ν۱ǺԼ;ϢϢصĵ۵
ǰʥʱѰԼıʥ
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һǾ۴ۣ;ǰɱȡ
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ڵִʱȴϵĵͳȥ¥ա
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ʱǰڣҲҪ̽ǰѨ·
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ǶϲԵ޹ʵȥ̽Ѩ顣
Ҳһ㣬ѰʱŻ¶Լ٣ȥǵע
ڵִڰʱس֣չһ棡
ʱѰͺطֱֿҲûм档
Ѱֻ֪Ǳʦȣһ˵ǰѰˡ
Ѱ˼ʱ˵ѵõϢǼǰѨ
ʲôѰͫȻһ


2203 Ĵ
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ʦܣҺܻɣǰѨΪˡѪѪһߵĹ屦ǵõһƲлʱڻָ
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Ҫ˵顣
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Ѱ˵ͷ

һ磬ѰӤƵһ뿪˰֮ء
һƬؾУѰòأһǰѩԼ׿Ȼ
ٲҿɾҪȥˡ˵
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Ŀ⿴ƣº͡
ޱȲˬɴۣһȴڣСһ̬
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Ѱͬһû뵽ʦֻһжһ뵽ǰ轾棬Ѱһͷۡ
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˵һˣһֻӸһУܹӴ浽ڣҲעһλֲ֮Ĵڡ
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Ѱǳ鴤Ŷͷֻ̾ҪǻС
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ӤأҲ֪¹۴أһָһ֪
ȴӤĵ̺츳֮ޣԿźߵСʦܡ
ϧһֱһֱ֮أһֻŽիãԲ¹۵Ķ顣
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ǵģɵۣ
Ҳеԭ治֪¹ǴҵҲһŮӤġ
Ӥܾɿ˿Ѱջǵͷ
Ѱ¹һִУԼܵһ㣬㹻Ժ󡭡ȷٰﵽˡ
ѰҲܵӤԴԼʱŲһ׺ͺ⣬绯꣬ȴֵ㵽ֹ
ӤءЦŹ֡
Ӥӣл¹ۣ˼ʺá
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һ죬￪һǿŲ֮Ѱһ뿪
һ죬Ļĵʮ죬йѰ۳ɵۣɱһڵ۾ϢǿչŵϲϷͺʹ

䣡
תƣһУɲʱչ귭װĺ֮
Ѱ磬УƸһ࣬һǰȥǰŤѤõʱ⣬ޱȡ
һӺڰǰǿչŵͨĵط硣
˵󣬿ʱںǿգִڵġ롱
룬һΪ֪ؾ磬һ磬ǹ֮ҵأبһֱռ
ָ㣬ûҵе·֮أɴ˿ɼһߡ


2204 

磬Īɽ
֮ң߳һһŮԼһ
Ѱơ
ڷǿչŵˡ
Ѱһ˷ؼ䣬㳯Ѱ۶
Ǿƥõ۾֮µ޵ǻߡݽߵĺڰУǸ޷ᵽġ
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̤۾ʱҪԴҲޱȾˣһһɽأͥʮս֮̾ء
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ƬããȺɽҲŨޱȵѰڴ죬ܽ˵صһպľ
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Ψеڻ籾ԴеġԪǵ۾Դ
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Ѱ۾ֱؿһĻãüһ˰轾ᣬ
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Хսۣ
Ѱǳ鴤ţҲǡ֣
߿ߣĥĥˡԽ˵ԽȲһԹﾡǻȣ·ѰеΣָֻһ޷İơ
ʱԶϣһߴһŮڶݿշɳۡ
һһ٣λ̤ӲӵķɽƮɣһͲһ޵߿ɱȡ
ѣ
Ѱڣٿ׷ȥ
üͷһ壬ԭЩãɵĿ⿴Ѱ֮΢΢һ¶һȺЦݣкָ̣
ԱߵŮһԴ۾ˮģشѰ
Ѱ̸ָϣֻѴ̽һǰϵ·
ЦˣĪҲҪȥμӵϾٰġ

ѰһЦŵͷǰɡ
ǵǿһжǲ֪ѽ񣿡Цݺдһ˿ηζ
޲ɡѰ˵ţһһϺۡ


2205 
йͤߴϹŵ֮һĹϣһλ׼شڡ
ڵ۾£ͤսѿǵ۷壬żϡ
ɸһϺۣͤоһҲѡ
үү󹷳Եÿ滶
ԱߵŮָԶںԺȵĴƣ࣬͸һɽζ
ͤǳ⣺䣬񣡡
˵ţŮɴ۾ע£ͤϹϾسһ󹷹񣺡ͤǰ
޵һµĹͷб˹ͤһۣͼ̻
СɫȻ벻˴Ʒۡ
ͤȴδκһ˿գɫɹĿⲻƳڴƶʱһ£ԭŵӰˡ
ŮĿһĻĻʱɵˣԭýĹʱģҳ
УүүѾһĴߵﶼǱ°ӵء
ڣȫˣ
Ů̾ʶҴϵһһŮһ¶Ǽ˲õġˡ
Ѳؾ࣬¡
Ѱ߽գ˵ţóһЩݸѾþнޱȵŮЦСЩӣζܲġ
Ŀ⿴ͤͤæ䣬ߴͣɴǣǰл
Ů˫ֽЩӽסɵصͷ񣺡лǰ
ƺٵЦѾͷЩ˼
ͤһۣǰǰʲô硭
ѰЦŴϣνѣĪҪŻѾͷ
ͤŰһҲͨЩϸڣ֪ǰʵɲˣǲýӴ֮ˡ
ѰûΣ͡йص顣
ͤе֣ɻ֪޲޲
һֱһʼ֤֮ǰͷдԨԴΪȸ
ÿǧ꣬ϾͻٰһΡһǼ棬ǽ˻ᣬѡγһλӡ
ͤһεӣǿѣĵͥУ츳׿˫ϣ֤۵һӣ˭룬ȴǰЩĹɽУǷɽѰɱˡ
Уһ˿п
Ůһ߳һߴǵԨۣǿչŵϽʮһ۴ۡ
͸ųĽһƯĴ۾ڷ⡣
ͤʱΣæȳ⣺˵ʱķݶֶѰѱᣬŮ֪
µǿչŵϣԨ۾һ˼ɵĴڣ䶯˭Ҳİǰ̸۴ˣΨֱµĵͳһЩҪᡣ
û¡ѰЦЦ˵Ԩۣ¶ۡƺðɣ
ͤԥһ£̾ףԨɱ̫أõǿϵͳ޵ҧ֮ˮޡ
˶٣˭ҲܷϣԨ۵ȷһλϴ棬¼紫£һ޵УԵԨۿɳ֮
ҡ
ŮУԨ۾µһ콾޿飬޿ɱȼ磬¼Ҳûһ˿Ժԡ
ѰһסЦ
Լо˼ġ
ͤݺݵŮһۣڹ졣
۵ٶȺܿ죬̶̰죬ѽ롰ɽǵĽ֮С
ɽΪһɽ޵񼣡ĵط
Ҳǵ֮̾ء
δִԶԶؾͿ貵Ķݹ˷ɽķХȥ
мԦУݷޣҲкѰһġ飬εΪ׳ۡ
չͤ˵һεϾֹٰڵĸźǰԼǿյһЩϵͳҲǰġ
ɴ˿ɼϵƺε֮
Ǿʹ˱
Գ⣬Ѱۣ͹ͤŮǱ
ѣû뺯޷ǰģҪǸһжɣ̲ͤסʡ
ˣһɣһ𣬷ǻѰЦžܾһ𣬺ܿʧ
ǻ
Ůһɻ
ͤɫ΢䣬ʶЩԾѵһҵ鷳ģ
ˣ⵨δҲ̫ˣ
ߣǿȥ
ͤһקסŮ䣬ʹҴҳԶɽȥ

ɽۻ׳Ƿ۴αȵطֲɽ壬ԡ֮С
˷͹ڽʮ־Уصɽɽ֮ǰ
ʱһǧɷΧĹϼ̨ǣУΪһԸĴС
һĽɫͿ
¾һ޵ϵ뺯Ҳ뿿Ƭһ
ǱǺĵͥһ̫ϳϡѪսۡ
ɽۡҲˡ
ǱߣͬΪ̫ŵϡҲǲ˵۾ǰ񣡡
ед̾ϵʵ̫ˣ
һμ棬ѡεӵʢᣬȴ¡أ۾٣Ƿ磬һ񶥼ʢ¡
ǧɷΧļ̨ϣѶ˸ʽ챦ĿתЩǰϵ񣬼ֵһһˣѻСɽѡ
̨ǰߣһڵϵĴԼһɷ꣬üĿǱڡ
¡ޱȵһĻĻ괽ǲһĨ
пͣѱ϶Ϊһεġӡ
ڿߣһۺڷӣ̬ϣɢ߰ƣǵ߳ϡȼѩۡ
һ֡
˿ɫ֣еĽȴزסġ
ͣǵϵӰµǵϽõǲˣ
ȼѩƿڡ
Ҳޱȼȴ棬Ҳǵһξеһҫͽ
ǣҪסһεӿģȼѩ۵Ȼõͳ䣬ֵԨһղҵϵĸ󻼣𣬲
ͫǻϲñһɳѹȡֵԨµĵԨۣ
֪ܲ
Ȼ˿ʵȼѩ֣˵ֵԨӿɸǵޣ˽Բ֪ȼѩΪţǷǰ鷳
һ仰𸽽ע⣬׷׶Ŀ⿴ȼѩۡ
ǿչŵϣԨѰٲȻŵһߵйĻ⡣
ȼѩüͰȻⷽɽţҵҲĲ
˶٣˫ָɨȫȻҵǰͲҳڴˣɹؼǣ𣿡
͸ޱԸ
磬ϵĵ̣ĸ۾Ұ
ӻòͷɣ



2206 Ԩۼ


ȼѩ۵صݣڳžžһЦ
ǲܵ£
ֱǵԨѰδ״Ȳ˵Щţĸǰ׼ҵĵƣ
˭֪磬ԵΪ
֮ۺλߴ֮ף֮Ӱ쵽
˵һ޵ߣ¾ǵ۾УҲڵϵĵҰ
ȼѩҲЦˣλģǷɽҵϾΪǿϣһǬ
һ˵İʮ㡣
ɾڴʱһȻȻ𣺡ƣĳĿ֪϶ҽŽҲˡ
ʱƬؼ䣬Ȼһֲޱߵĵɢѹȵղɽʯľ
δ£Զطʹһ󾪻š־ͼѵȺܵˮӲһ·
·࣬ǹһص޵ӰΪߵͣһ̶˹غ«ּ̿Ҳ֮
¡
ƬǵͷţѹȵǶҪ߲һ޲ɫ䡣
ԭֵգҲǱ״ơ
ǧɼ̨ǰͻȻϲıʣõȼѩ۵һڴҲЩֲ㵲ѡ
ǵǧһεڵϵĵɽ֮ǰϾ˸ҵ£
˶û뵽
ĳˡѵǡǼһһϹһӦɫˡ
ʱһݣҲݺһ鴤¶֮ɫ
ԨѰ
һʱ䣬澹ѹޱȡ
ȴȼѩɫһߺˣ˭ĵӣҵ£ӻòͷˣ
ף¡¡˷ޱߵĵ۾ѹɢԶӶȥ
Ƭзֲ޵ߣ޲ʶԶԶܿڻȷݣ˭Ҳ뱻
ڴʱڿԶطϼ⣬һֱĴն
ϣһһŮһգ
һϮ°ɫڷɢһһȻεĵ۵ѹɢؽ
ӵĵһۣվԶȺеŮҪͱԱߵĹͤס͡
ͤԼҲɫ䣬𵴲ѣѰǱʱһ䲻Լǻʲô˼ˣ
ʱΪ׵ʱЩҲһһͷˮ
һ˭
λϵĳˣ
˵ţϹתԭƽģʱʣ䣬͸һڣĴơ
ԨѰ
ʱ˾г
ţȫ䶯һһ˵٣ɫдš
ȼѩ۵һڴ˿̶Ŀɿڴ㶼ۻˡ
涼һʱޱȣѻȸ
һΪܳڴ˵صˣȴ漣һǰǵ𺳺ͳȫ˶ΰĸо
֪Ļ£ǿչŵϼ˶֪۳ɵ۵Ѱ俰һ棬ɱϾδ֪״̬
˶ػ죡
֪֮ǰʱȼѩۻޱŵѰţҲϲɥĲǵϵĵҰ
ޱȰ˵ѰˣҲؽһǬ
ڣѰˣ
紫ľ۴ۣųǵҰУϵɽ֮ǰ
һޱȵĶ⣬ݺݳȼѩϣһҹġ
ݵĳź󣬳պ䶯޵ߴź桢𺧡ɻĿ⣬ˢˢѰϡ
۴ֵԨҪʲôòǴҵϸ
үүԭǡŮϲ⣬۷⣬ֻǻû˵ֱ꣬ͤס͡
ͤһ£ͷƤ飬ķ뵽·һˣȴǿյĵԨۣ
û뵽㾹Ļš
ȼѩŻعɫ࣬һŵģô˵Ϊ˸𣿡
ĺܻһǵӵˣȥԼˣ
Ѱ˵ָȻһķϻ˸ϻʲôֵĳһģ
ԱߵĴƲһ䣺⣡
һ֣ȴôƲ֪ʲô˵Ļ棬ĵضȼѩֱۣ
⻭ô죬жѣȻѰģֻǣԨ۵ĵδҲ̫
ǵϵĵ̰
һ۴ΪɱһЩ۾ܺһ̹ޱȵ̫ŵ壿
ţڳ˶ʶԶԶܿһξ룬Ψһսܵ
Щ͵ϽõһЩҲڴ˿ѡ˱ܡ
ϸһľ۴ۣǿɲң
ĿһĻĻȼѩɫ࣬ѰƤЦⲻЦãǡ֮󣬱֮Ѫ鵱빱Ʒ
𡣡
Ѱڵƣ۾֮ϵĽ㣬֮µģҺΣ
ԱߵĴһЦ¶ɭȻѩ׵ݣСӣ⻰һĵ۾벻˱ķۣ
˶Ŀ˭ǾǱȵ涼ţ
ϻ̫࣬սپɡ
һֱڵЩͷˣǰ׹սì̤նȥǡһڰ⣡
˶һ㵣λ˭ֱӾͶˣ
ߣ
ȼѩ͵һ䣬һڵ۽ɷâ˺ѳգն¡
䣡
ƥĵɢʮƲ㡣
޵һȫԥһӴܣԶԶ˿ûһҳɵġ
ǵ֮սΧ̫󣬶ܷɽ󺣣ݿһǣǳΪ֮
һ޵߱˵ֵǱǵ۾ɱ֮һ£Ҳ𶥰Ĵ
ȴҲӶ׹սìһһӰһȼѩǰ
սìһӡ
飡
ȼѩе۽룬սì̴ţ
Ѫһλ磬ŵ۾ΪϹȴ߹㣬һìɱ
ǵѪ𺳵һĻò֪׻ŵð
֮ǰеעѰϣ˭û뵽һϮۣӰԼñڵŮӣսֲ֮
ǧҪ飬ɫȸζ
ԶżֻѵݣȴĿɿڴɱȼѩֻۣΪ˳ԡ⣿
̫ˣ
һЩˡ
ɱ
ȥλ̫ϳϣ
ʱǼ̨ϵĴԶˣŭ˻
λͨķɽѳ֣뱾һ𣬰ϵλһս
ԺĵͥѪս۳ڣ쳹


2207 һȺϷ
ѪսһЩԭĴǵˡ
ֻģ
º͵Ͻǳεĵˡһλǿյľ۴ۡ
һ˲֪ٵ۾ľˣ
ܵһڵ۾ءΧܻŴ߳Ĵڣ˭ָ׵
οɲֻһˣ
ǺŮӣ¶ĴƹûһǼ򵥽ɫ
Ѫս۵ѹǣټĿ֮£Ǿ㳷ˣ϶ϣ޲ȴû˸ȳ롣
һɿ촫ֵѣ²ԸΪУ濪ս飬ұ֤ĺԿ
ѰŹ֣΢ɲص˵ͷ
ظϲɫȴһɱڵӣȻҲֻӡ
ʵ˲֪һ˲ʮԲͬĴﴫ׷ǫεĿǸѰ顭
֪ս͵ϽõЩעס
ɱ
˵ʱʱ죬սѱϵĴŭͷţһɽƬض붯֮С
ԺĵͥѪսҲˣӶһѩĳǹָأѸͰԵ
ŵ۾սֱ֪֮ȥ
ѰΪ۴ۣɱٵ۾̫Σա
һֽ̬ȴѰǿԶԿ۾ϵĴڣעǡ
ԣѪս۶ˡ
֮ҲûƴĴ㣬֮ԺȺۺһ֣޷Ϊǵϵĵ̣ѰǿԺһ̫ŵ壡
б۾գһС棬ǲϽȥδ̫ˡ
ɱ
˳ѰһĴڣ֯ƥ
ɽۣû뵽£ֱӶǵԨ۶ˣ
𾪴У֪˲Ŀ޲۵ķ𺳡
˭룬ѰŸһ֣˿ƥ۾һģ˳ǧ֮أɫɷףпѪʶֿɬ
Ԩ۹Ȼǽʮһ۴ۣ²Ƕ֣ϵλͬ²սˣʹ˱
ûأ৵һ£Ųնȥӵñ˭죬ֱͲһ֮ˡ
˶ĿɿڴĲѣԨǿ
ѰǶ鴤һ£һѾǸϷղԼһɻûͷųȥأ
Щһ˼ĴǣĽؿһ뿪ĵطĿȵؿѰз·дţѣҲǣຣɡ
ѰкЦҲûоܾ
ǽʱһĿע£һȥԸѰĵ۾ҪôڱѪɳȥҪôʹĴУĵˣҪô
һĻĻֱͺһʵϣ˭ָţõ۾Ϊ˲Ͻ޳ܵŪ٣
һȺϷ
ǴƵۣεȴڣһۿЩСϷд˱ģипڵĵ۾ԽԽˡ
¡
ͬʱΧĵϴɴػɱ
μŴƵѣɱʱöԷõرÿɱһװոׯƵģһոһװ
飡
սìӶʣµѪս۱ĵˣ۰򶼲ըʹѵ
ȻΪ֪֮ѡһɿֵĶ֣˭Ůӵսȴǿޱȣ
ĵϣЩ϶ôҪӱɱ˲¶棿
һ̣ѪսҲЩԼĳ嶯ˣôվ
飡
ܿ죬ֱһìȥݣǰһ󷢺ڣӰա
ۼͽɱڴʱԶɽУ͵طһȣ
ССɽҲҿҰ
ʮأ͸޾ϡ
ģһɫķɵĿޱߣһǿм⣬գնò˼顣
Ѱ΢УҲᵽΣգ
ɣֵϹһ۾֮ϵĿֲڡ
ҲͬʱһֱǵĴƳˣɲǼʧԭأǰһצĳȥ
飡
Ѥƥɫɵ类еĲӬƵģ˵һɳȥҡβֹ
˽Դס
ƹͣ
Ҳڴʱǲſɽϣ½ӳһһſֲ۵ΰӰ
ǳ֣ƬҲ޹⡣ǸоֱһһӴ˵߳䣡
ʱɽУѰ֮⣬ûӰǰ޵ǣԶԶԶز֪㵽ȥˣ
ؼžĿⶼɽϿա
ǵ߳ϹŶʮ
ѪսҲظ˶һҡ
ɾһɲһѤƥìӰէ֣ö롣
ۣ
УѪսλ۾صĺĵͥϣǱһᴩʺ
Ȼըķѣ
ѪޱȵһĻֱӴֱƣǴɽ߳һڿϹŭ
¡
ϵ־ɢɽХǺƬޱߵɱõʮɽӽͶ
סڣ
أЩϵϹУһ뷢԰ףɷǵܻ㱩ȡ
꣡
ȴƲ֪ʱѵסһɫɵɭȻѩ׵͵һҧɫɵֱӱҧΡ
ۣ
뷢԰׵ϹѪɫɵı۱۱٣Ҳܵ
˶һľҲ̫ײˣҧ۱
Ѱҧһڣ³ָǺεҡ
ꡫ
һ߾׽ɫɵƬһмĿڣ
۾أһ۾أ۾أ֮Ϊ۾֮£Ҳҳۣ
쳹͸ޱȵӣԶǲ˭һһе棡

춯֣󣡡
һҲӣ
ʮϵ۾࣬ɱӿһֱӼ۱Ѱɱ
Щϻ쵰ǶԸˡ
˵ţӰҲǱ͵ͷųĿֲ۾Ϣ
һɸ˵ĸоȴϴޱߣ
䣡
Ӷצӣ֯ɹ㣬¡¡ɢȥת˲䣬㽫һ۾ء۾صϹﵲסѹ
սپѰɿ
ʱѰ䣬ӿսȻһ䣬ӣغϣ買⣬޾ƮƬض
йһĻǿߣ޲ľͷƤ飬ɫ䡣
⣬Ǿ۴۵ķ



2208 ɽǰ Ѫ续
䣡
ȳֱӣӰҹ֮⣬һսìӨѩС
̸Ͼˣȴдݿ֮ƣ˸ŲƣƮת˲ͺ۾ϹＤɱһ
ͬʱѰҲչ
ৣ
ӳǺӰƥԣһ㽫һŵ۾ΪϹĵˡ
죬һѹӣϹ
߰˸۾һɱ죬ɢϢֱҪѹƬ
ѰӰһΣХִӡ޷޷졢Դ«ǿͼ
УԴ«ǿͼǴڤжǵ۱еű
ѰڲݶеͬʱҲǼƳС
ǺѰԵ֮ˣϲһĻǺεȿֲ
һλ۴ۣӵأִ㲻˼Ŀֲ۱ƳУһʱ䣬ͼ糱ףƬû

һ֯ŵ۵ɫͭȴӡҷɣҲͭӱ涼ѿ
ǲɫͭӵһλ۾Ϲò꣬ǿᣬ⵽˳ԥҪˡ
ɾڴʱ޷ɱ޿ɱܣֻӲǰֳһɫհĹ֡
ۣ
ͼһɫͬ㣬޷ֱӣ۾صϹ򱻵˲նͷ­
Ѫ塢ͷ­˲䱻촷ۣûڹĵС
ָ䣬۾أ
һĻЩϵϹĿѣŭӣһֱƵġ
⻹꣬ͬʱһսУսìһ۾ǿߵӲ˵俪ķѣըУ
ԶĿһĻĻѪȣǵ۾ءصĿϹֱѰɱԾûڡ
̫ǿˣ
κԴ޷ǵȿƿɱ¾۾εߺͳȻ죬Ⱥס
ڴʱȴꡣ
ȼѩۡѪս۵˱Уڣһ۾ءһ۾Ҳɱ
ֲ̫
ϾѰʱ˭ɵľ
ǧ¶һΣϵɽǰȴڲݵɵѪȾ
ƬضԶɽƲŽǵȿֲսನ⡣
طѡ촷ۡҰĻ
һЩ۾֮µ޵ߣѿʵ˵ѱĻ꣬ŵɪɪ˫ϥ
Ƕü֮ңԶǺԻص޷
ء
֮ϣһװ˻Х쳹ʮأͷ­ѣֱҪըһ㡣
ͼƳɱ֮ϣƤëɢ⣬̤գޱȡ
ɱ֮ϸֳճ䣬ѰĿֲƥĵ⣬ȫǡ
ϵλ۾һλ۾棬ƺεȿֲһǬ
ɴʱȴαѹƣ
ǾŭײпֲĴƹֱҪ졣
Ҫˣ罫ŪˣƵ¡¡쳹͸Ͳм
һΨ𣬸Ⱥ۵ԸְšҰ̬һϣ˵ĸоȴԵø֮𺳡
λϵ߳ṳ̆ܵһɱ죬緢
¡
֮ɱˣȫһƬĶ󣬱˵һˣһĵ۾ҲԿŵеսˡ
ʵǣǵȶԾ̫ߺͿ

ͬʱںλ۾أһλ۾صϹɱ䱻Χȴѹơ
һսìУưҹķ꣬һһ򵥵ȴоɱ֮Ϊ֮ڡ
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2209 
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Ϻεǿ˭룬ȴԨ̤ɽţɱõ۾꣡
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˵̫ʱϵʼ漶ԪϿװûµԨۣ
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֪ⱻһͷŵ۾ΪɫȸӶ
Ͼǿչŵϣ˭˵õϵĴ֮䵱ģ
ԵɥĲ


2210  ͨɿ
ܿ죬ҴնޱȵĿ
ûã
Ƽͣҡβ͡
׼˵̱꣬׼һЩ񽬼
ܿ죬Ѱ֣ǽ͵ĿȸһЩ䡱֮һ齷ۡͿĨһ㼫Ʒġ۷佬
ʱ˵ζˡ
֪Ȿһͷ۾صĿȸʾӨޱȵ
ѰԸϡϿˣƮɢζΪ֮㵹
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Ѱճڣƾ͵һʱȥ˲ụ̀˺һسȮԵ͡
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һ࣬Ҳ֣𪾧Ө˫֣һ⣬ԵðɰӹĹĵġ
Ѱ׼Եʱټһֻɫȸ⣬ѽʣ°ֻˡ
㣬㣬㣡̵ģף˵Ϊλ̲סȥȸˣ˼һ
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ط˵ڲһЩˣ֮ųǰͣҲǺйء
˽֪Ψһһ֮ͨˣЩ˶ԴΪɻ䣬ĺѰմȾϹϵҲǣӡ
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һҪǰһͱҵҲֻطİš


2211 һ
ۼѰӦطҲһҲޱȡ
ԭǸѰǰͣºˣˣȴҪų͵ֱִǲ񻰣
طҲЩλȨأԼһ˿ȥġ
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У˶סǰŵУûޣԭΪҲѰǰͣɿǱѰһġ


2212 ֮
УȻʧЦ˭뵽ĽµĲޣȴվˡ
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ͬʱط̲סСãⲻ۸𣿡
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ϣٿȻһĨ쵶ʵƥյһ⣬ЮһɭƥƣѰȥ
Ѱ֮䣬ԭֻǧɾ룬ɴ˿̣һǧɵվһ鲼һ㣬һâݺ˺ѶֱѰȥǰһɲǡ
ģָնһ
̫ˣ
ˣֻ¶ӦͻᱻѸͣ˲ưٵһ˺ѡ
С
ƶݣһѽȫУͷųϢԵüΪֲ
һѰɫȴΪָ
ৣ
ͬһХʷͻȻһĨȣ׼ޱȵشϮɱһ㽣âϣδ֪һ㡣
飡
߶ײһ˺ҧĤը죬۶ܿм䣬һɿֲĻȻɢ֮ʮն飬γһļµյش
ɱ֮һıѰסˣ
սİνһƯӣдһ˿Ȼһ˿ܡ
һ̣˼ĬطּֿĬسײһչһĶǵļɱ
һ۾֮ĶԾ
ˣԽ֮ʽ䶼ƥ˼£ɾûзһײеɱȴÿľ
͡
УʱĽХ֮׺žУһսкεȿһ㡣
ⲻʱɽһƽƿ֮ĵֵ߽ĿֲϢײ
߽һɲǣʤֳ֮ʱ
ơطǰйעһеˣϢĿս֣Ψִκϸڡ
ӵе۾ؾΪĽһĨֲѪɱ⣬һִɱ¾֮ǴʬɽѪĥ¶
˶һھ˫׽Ͷ㣬⺷˺ѳգǿĲ
ԴƵĿ⿴ȥòϣ޺ܲ򵥣Ѱĵ۾ؿɱȡ
ôĻѰ
Ѥ÷⣬ÿһë׶ӿ˿˿ƵķȫֲͬĽҲȻͬ
ĽƼ򵥵νնܶʼȴȻ򽣹һһ򷨵Ŀֲ֮
׺Ľɱɱ
սƲ޾춯صľ󣬿ȴľ
۷壬賬Ͻ֮棬ڲشֲա
һԾͬʱҲЩˣһ̽Ľ
ţ䣬Ŵ𡭡Ӿʧ̫ʱڵսˣ
۵۵Ȼ죬һˣȻܺͲս൱ֲܳΪɽˡ
λ˴Ǳ֮ͨˣ
ΣƴˣξһԱ˰ҵ϶
ΪҪΪһˣȥ˺
̣Ƿ紫ˣѵǿأ
ˣ棡ǰһ飬Ϳܷ֮ͨǰһִ壡
ʱеʧȫս
Ѿðν裡˽Ҳ۽磬ֻǣɴ򲻰ңأĽΪ㲻ʩչ
սУһºĴؾϣѪɱϢһ־ϲ
֮Ľ棬Ѵﵽҵĳ̶ȣδײʽ֮պɱ˵Ķ鲻Խ
޵ĻڽһսڿѰ֮еİأ
Ŀǰ֮δʼĽѰ
սĴУֱ֣ǰνĽ
ֽѰȷûпʼ
üƸе⣬Ѱ˼ܼ򵥣ȴûпʼȥ
ȻһĽޣڽĶ⣡
ü͸ʧˣֻܾʹֹˡ
ৣ
նɱһɱ¾֮ƥأְ˼Ŀޱߡ
ǿɲá
˵ʱѰϢٿȻһ䣬Ѩ֮У籡ܼѤõ̫գӿĽ⣬ֱڣ
¡
ת˲䣬޵һͱһĥɢ
̫
޲ϲû뵽㾹̫֮У
̫˼飬̫ʱ̫۱µһۣսۣڰһ
λۣԭѾԼһԾ¹עȴڵһγٴͻȻ֮£õһԾûݡ
˭λ۵ĴУȴһϣ
Գտ뽣е޶ԣֱϹ屦㣬г
ͬʱЩעһеҲס̫ۡǿ̫ʱҫ۵һλۣ
ĴУᱻֵԨã


2213 ˼
Ѱ̫۵ĴУ޵Ķһ㲻
ɱ٣ʮԱ
𪾧ӨָһӣһɿֲĽ⣬ն˲Ϣɱȥ
¡
ң޹⡣
ͼУ纣ĳʢܻɸֽɭ֮
ƾɱԱǵصĽһһĥ
ҪѰʱѱѡ
֮ǰѰʩչνʱǡ򽣹һʱʩչ̫򿰳һ򷨣
ֽȻͬϽһȻͬԿԾŵĽ
ðЩ˶ľ𵴲ѡ
սУȿɱͬҲѰǳ
̤۵۾侭ɱ¾ϸϽһɿӲľС
ѵıǣº޵һ棬ȫǿսսɱĥѰԣ̫ˡ
ͺñһھҵһܹԼǧ¯
ɱУѰҲսó죬׷ſֽţһ֮о
һʱ䣬嫣Ǭɽӣ
޶ݣ⣬ѰľͶս־ı仯ҲԾѡ
һ۵۾ˣȴܹڽ֮ϣԼͥ
̫ѵã
Ҳˡ
ֱˣ˵֮ǰǼϲ˿ɹĦĥϡ䱦
ô˿̵ѰУһȫԸȥսĶ֣
䣡
һϮƮҷѩ׷ӿĽʬɽѪĲҾ󣬹ɱѪ֮ɢ
һ˶ѣȴѹϽ
У˴סС÷Ҫƴ
Щ˶ǧ޶ǿգնǳ⣬飬ѽһ֮ز
һ϶֮Ժǿչŵ֮ϣĽؽѹ죬ֳԺ̫̫۱ȼơ
ڣΪ˶Ըһ̤Ͼ۵۾ˣȴȫԸֵ֤Ԩ򵥣
һ뵽⣬һЩĶЩҡˣΪԸ˺;ܾһǰͣĺ
һҺķѪĦһǧһʮֹ֮Уǧ֮ǿһ
޿ڣоâӿ֣Ǭ罣䡣
˵ʱУֳһ
ɾ򵥣һˮȴӳճ
ͫȴڣ֪پɾ޵Ĵڣϣ㱼䣬һֿһλȽȽĸķɣ
üЩסȴסһСȥ۳ɰܣһ׮Ĵ¡
طѿսзһУû취ΪʵЩˡ
룡
һ̣ѰҲһǰ¯ΩΩһ
ˡ
赭дУնһ
ĥɱһҲƿص۷һ֮ͬУܹƵʩչһģ޼
⼯ɱ¾Ѫ֮һѰ˫һеһзƱգݣһްĽӿ
ȥ޻أ
ͬѰʱʩչġȥ޻ءֹ˰ٱһ֣󣬻ضһ˾ıΧС
꣬սԣһսɱ㣬ȴֻһʽУȥ޻ء
һ־ȻĽ⣬һһȳǳɰܣ޾Ұơ
ǰѰֻõ˽еġΡ
նһġ⡱
ȴΡ
˼⣡
ˣ
նһؾһζһͷ궯ܵһٻ㣬Ҫƿأ
ˣ͵һʩչȫ͵ѹһ֮
䣡
Ѱһնһɲǣܵһɽ̺ļ֮⣬˺һϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ѲƵظһĨ𾪡
ͻȻ֣ԼѶ޿ɶ㣬ǲѹնһȻܵѰһ˺
ΪһڽĽۣԼĽУ
ǵǷԼĽģԼĽ
ܴҲȻһ޷ȥӰ޾ԲԸ⿴ġ
ԣһûκͳɣѰһһ
¡
Ƭؼ䣬ִնײһ𣬱ֲޱߵĽ˺գ嶷ţɢʮ
ӿĽɽӶƽɽʯľȫ촷ϸǱ俪޴ޱȵĹ֡
֮ϣƲȺҡΣ
һɲֲƬؾеһ飬ԶڣȻĹˡ
һɲԼЩУѿããһƬ޷ŵеϸ΢
ΪȽ棬Ƽ򵥵һ̵ȴ߸Ե־ǡԣ
аأҲ޷ü
̳ɢ
续ɽ类һֺֻݺ˺һ飬Ŀȫǣ鲼˴Ŀġ
ս룬ѰƾǰһˣѪ죬Ⱦɫ԰͸
ǧ֮أֻȴЩƮȻ죬ŴŸпƵ˵ȥ޻أܣսһ֮أҲѱ㾡ա
˵Ҳһ˿Ѫʳܿʧ
ǰˡ
Ѱһֿڣڽϵ裬ҲȻ𾴣岻ѡ
ҿû㡣
ҡҡͷ˵Ӵ˿ҹ˭㣬˭Ǹ޹ȥ
ৣ
תƾȥ׷ѩƮҷ뿪ǰд裬ȥǹҡ
ڻصʧ
ƸпƵ˵С椣ԺԿƵһ̤Ͼ۵۾Ҳˡ
ĿһУҲʶڽϵĿɣƴĻѰһЩֶΣҲŮ˵Ķˡ
ѰƿأȻıģֻѰ
ѰЦҡͷް˵һսһࡣ
սӿһɲƵĳ嶯ǾǽյĽںϣΪһԼĽ
ͬ뽫¯۾زͱ뽫õĸִڻͨ
ˣô¯ΪԼġ۾
ֱ֣ˡ
ʱ֮ǰ״̬еطѹѰĿ⣬翴һŵ
û˱СǺεȿµһλŮнۡ
ңвٱ޸ǿϹۼǱ͵̣ԺޣҪЩϹģ
ŵ˵޾൱һλŴǰ̵ĽۣԺǶġ
Ѱȴڸղźڽչһ棬һ·磡


2214 ¹ĺ
УЩ˽ԳĬˡ
ѾϿɴӣǷҪʡ
ô֪ͣ粨
ҵҲº˺ΪһˣôǷֵ
Щۡ
һ壬ֵʱȿǵıȻ档
ֵôǿ£˭ֵô
أһǵͳѹסڣǣѰݣ
һ仰˳Ĭ
ϸһ룬Ҳľ֮С
Ѱݣ̫ˣ
Ƿɽˣ̫ۡսս۵Ĵˣǽʮһ̤Ͼ۵;ˣǹΨһһò컯֮ˡ
˶⻷һϣⱾͺܲ˼顣
һٴ𣺡ˣաʦ֣ôģѵˣ
գ
ЩĬˡ
Ӵ˿˭ٸҵִųӣˣ
һʹʧľϣȴЩ˽޷ƽ
ӽΪֵԨȥ˺

롣
طĴ£ѰһڵִһƬҵĺԴ֮ء
ϵɽŻϽ۴αȣһ·ǰУɼ̸ҩɴأ޵ɼ
;һЩŮһż侪˲׵޵衣
ϵһУ·ظˣʲôй֮ĵ̣
ƶ棬ʱڴУҹ»ϴУԺȶһһҩ䣬γڴ֮ҺᣬϾѳͬˣ
طЦⶼǳ˶˵طʲô˲ģΪҺ᣿һֱ˵˵ԣҡ˲
ɪ
һڣУͽԴһųֵ֮ģҲվ߲˳Զ
طٵЦȻҲˡʵϣܹ֮пɴӲ̷ĴڣһҪͳɳᾭпĥһɽգڵȥˡ
һѰΪϿɡ
κһҪų棬ػỨѼ˼ȥһˣ˲нഫϢӴȥ
衢ӵûУ
У
ЩӵܣͬҲŲΪͿ޷Ǻйذˡ
һ̸߽ţѾִһɽ֮ϵĹϽǰ˵ƻۣ͸һʥׯϢ
֮ϳѵȺǹϵĽǰ
۾ΰӰţһİһ̰˻ģִǬ֮ơ
ϳǿչŵϣ۾֮ˣ
ԨۡХսۡλĳڴ˹ʱ룡
Ѱһ˵ִϳЦǰӭӡ
ǰ
Ѱ֣ȻһμϳǰȴѽԷּС
Ѱ֪ģΨһһͨؾصˣֻһƿ֮ͨš
̨֮ϣҲϳ֣ǧ֮ϣ
طĸף֮ǿġܴۡ
̤ϵ۾·ұˣԾӣСѣһҲ޷
ϳǰѰһۣ򣬵治ǿյֵԨ
˵ţֽĿ⿴ƣЦƣô겻Ϊ㻹ûΣ
ƲмвգұңҪһƤڣ
ã½ԿգΪ档
ϳĴָ˵ţֿλӦþУֻɱһǿ޵λˡ
Ѱܵ
治ϳЦ΢΢ЩϣһصϢδ˵ʲô
ߣ̸
ϳ˵ţѰһ߽һһ󣬱һϲˮ͵ģѵһĹ屦
˰طŴơ뿪ֻʣϳѰˡ
ϳͽĿ⿴ѰֶǰҲУһҪתֶ
˵ţӻóһͭУϣӡŷޱȵĵƷݸѰ
ѰУһһϤĸоȻӿͷѿڶ¹
ϳͷǡ
Ѱһӱüģ
ϳָͭӣӣ
ѰĿͭϣͼϱ߸ŵķӡ֮֮࣬࣡
ң˶֮䣬ۣ˴˹νǣһȫ
Ѱһ裬еޱȳ
ϳڵ¹ֻ˵һĸı֮ڣֻҪܽӴ򿪣ǰѰĸף֮ڴ򲻿Ҫӻٵ
Ѱüͷ𣺡ѵһ飿
ϳͷǺҪһ飬ƶϣ¹֮ôȻԭģϲܹ㡣
ѰһصͭӣҺܲ⣬ΪλһΪޣĪǣҴ򲻿˺Уͻᷢʲôʣ
ϳҡͷͲܹģҿȡ֮ڣ㽫˺д򿪡
ѰһͷȻʶһ⣬ǰҲϵ¹
ϳ̲סЦˣû¹£лƴعصķɡ
˶٣λ¹ɲǼǿձ˰ƿŲⷽҼʱֻһûܳɵۣʥṳ̂ϵˡ
Ѱʶģ
ϳЦʼ̫ʱɱ˰ܾòٷأ¹£ֳʼ彣ǰң˵һ׷ɱǰһط
Ѱ̲ס
档
Ѱʱʶ¹ô϶Ҫǰ棬ȥһԼʦ𷽴֮
ϾԼʦΨһһ֮ͨͨ쾪˵Ĵڣ
¹ܵõԼʦİȥǿձ˰׷ɱ
¹ֳܹʼƣ֤ǿձ˰ʱ¹Ӧúʼ֮ĳֹϵҷǱѰ
ʼĿܻðŵ˰ҵķգԼ彣¹
ҲʱѰףΪϳлͨؾˡ
ʱϳ̲סֶҶһ䣬֮ͨǷѾƿ
Ѱͷûʲôġ
ϳʱЦȻһŻֻѪ˲ƿԣӦԨ츳ˣܴ򿪡
֪Ѫһ£ܷĴԨ츳һ£


2215 
ǰҲ֪ҺʹԨ񷣿Ѱˡ
Щ֪ϹɻûмһԼ̸ҺʹԨġ
˿ңȻ򵥣
ǿձ˰飬Ҳ֪֮٣һԼڵۣҡ
ϳ⸲ǿչŵϵĽϸӦԱ˰ġ򡯣ƿء
ڴĵ̾жǿҲֶӦҲʶˣһƿصȴǿչŵǰ˰֮·֪ĵ̣εȿֲ
Ѱ˵ͷȷܲ˼顣
һ뵽Լĸ૑Ҳһ˰Ⱥоһӡ
˭ţĸܵһ׷ɱ䱳壿
һУΪͨؾΪĴԨ񷣡
ڴԨ񷡭
ϳһ˿׷䣬¹˵츳ڱ˰ңһǧ궼ѳһ
һȺעˣл츳ģֻЩϵᣬȻֻлᡣ
˵⣬ϳĿѰڣӵеĴԨ츳εȺ˰ɣ
ѰüЩʱ½׵۹ʱƺв˶˵Ԩ츳
ϳһ˼⣬Цֶ㻹²ԭЩϢȻ׷ɱĸ׵Щ˷ųģ֪Ԩ츳
ֻҪ츳֣Ȼһʱ䴫ȥһЩ˿϶Ҳһʱ֪˭˴츳˵׼ܹ˳ϣץĸ׺¹£
Ҫô˵ϳܹΪ֮һѰȻͬʱҲʶһ⡣
ּ꣬Ѫ֮ԱΪԼԨ츳Ϣ˳ȥ
סαװ׼۵İ᪣ֻӰˡ
֣ĸ૑¹вģǽ׵۹ϿյĽ
ͨһУѰжһ󷢺Уĸ׺¹˶ޱȵ׷ɱ
˰˷һУǷζţͨؾԼĴԨ츳ޱҪļֵ
գѰͭУлǰתز
ȴϳվֶͣȴܵһЩ谭õǸĸҲŶԡ
ѰҲæЦĻ᲻Щǰ˼޷ǵֵԨǰͣᱻ۶ϣֵı֮е顣
Уαǰί
ϳҡͷ˵ɣҿ롮Ǳһʱ䡣
˵ţѰգգۣҵĸڣ˵ˣһӵܣҲֻ֤ΪʱʸСȻȾ۴ۣȻҲǺôġ
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ߣȥ
ϳ˵ţҪѰ뿪
ǰԵȡѰ˵ţʦźó˹ȥǰʱʦҽǰġ
ϳһżһٵЦȽ֮ˣǵõǷ飬Щ벻
ھǷʲô飬ϳû˵ѾףԭѰǰңҲ
ֶŻ֪ǰЩɻٿ֮ͨһ·ͱˣɻϣʲôʡ
ѰһڹŻԾǰһ磬Ҫȥμɻᣡ
ɰϳ˵һһʢᣬǷ⣡
ѰҲһ
ֶȥҲûа취
ϳֻҪһЩֶβУɣȴǰڵУʱұ֤¸ˡ
Ѱһ񣺡лǰȫ
ϳЦ򣬵ԺǿչŵעȷΪҪлңԺлᣬͰҶշһСš
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ʲôҿɶûȥأ
⣬طֽУһţڶЩɣҵǲˡ
ž
ϳһƴطϣЦʲôʱܹƾ֤ۣĴţʱΪ㳨
طƲƲ죬ûü´ܻܲ·
˵ţɿ촫Ѱ֣ڣֳʮ죬ԽߴõĺôԽλѵãǧ˷ˣ̫񣬳˲پˣ඼̵˾޴ô
ѰʶλȻԼĸΪ
ϳƳطһۣȻǲµСӴ˵һЩʲôҲּɡ
ԼĶӣܺѰΪĪ֮ԺûϢԻһǡ
ܲһ𣿡
۾⣬ȻҲ֪ĺôϾһرҵĸԴڣ̫ѵˡ
У
ϳȻܾ
һĥҲû취ңţҲûŵҰĵز
ҡѰ
һȻȻѰĻ쾭顣
߰ɡ
ˣϳٵ飬ѰٿȻʧ
䣬һ޴ɻ۶ɵŻͳѰҰС
ִ˵أϳСѣŻڱ磬硯ڷֲʮ죬ȫǿչŵĻ籾ԴвǴΪܹ벻ĺô
һΣҰȡһµʱ䣬ʱ̣Ȼᡭϵ¶һݣҪ˷ˡ
ϳ˵ţһ䣬һɫƸ֣ݸѰŴƣɽС
лǰ
ѰչжӰ˲ʧǻС
뿪ûãһ󲨶ֳһߣǷŻպϣ߶ʱˣ
峤̫ҵɴӲ˽룬¾ڣҪУҲҪɸѡؿˣ㡭ôܡ
ϳ̾һҲֹһзˣڡҲû취ˡ
ñӶˣն࣡
ұնġ
ϳһ˵ţԼȴ̲סЦԵúܵ⣬Щͷ֪Сܽ룬϶Ҳ˳ˡû취ֻܳ²ˡ
Ѱڴˣһ֣ᷢϳλǿ۾֮ˣ˿̵̬طž˵ơ
ȻǶ

һ󲨶½һһˣ֪ѰһˣһЩ˸Ǳס
ĵصأ֮ǿĸڣ񣬶˽룡
ǿѰǰͣҲûȵزģ
ˣϳ޹ذ˰֣ô˵ˣСӸԵţ


2216 Ϊ
Щ˶ˣָϳ׷׺ȳ⣺
ϳСʱͺƤôڵ峤ˣôƤΪЩϼһû취ˣ
ֱͳ
һϹòһ߹ȥ
ϳЦţ״򲻶̩Ȼ
ֱЩˣ˵λ岮һνĻᣬһδꡭɣ
˶һ㶣ɫ粻
Ҳò˵һŭ
ϳһܹ񣬵λ岮ѵǣ´ʲôϣλ岮Ľָ̻㣬֤ٲ᷸ȴ
һһͷۣϳһ⣬ܰ޷κֱ˲
ˣҵҲΪգѾ޷ء
һ¸ص˵ο峤ôҲһ׮£ֵԨȷֵأνʱ˲ʶľֱʼߣǼȻѾСһ顮ľɲҪٵľʱȥύ
ϳݺݵͷ˵Ķԣףѩ̿ɾˡ
üҾһ䣬ΪӣҲòۿսǽԴӦ񣿡
ݵĳĬһ˽Ĭˡ
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ϳЦеؿţҲ˵
˽֪ܴۡϳΪ۾֮ˣ˭֪ڣһǻ۷ˣ

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䣡
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ѰʺԼĵطȻԼܳܵļʱܹĵط


2217  
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ָоôأǸɺõĻĮ豩긲ǣúأ
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ҵԴ֮أȻ˭ʮİء
ϸԣ۾һ֮ˣǰ
۾أǰʮ
ƣÿ߳һΣߵڽ
ֱʮ֮ϣֻе۾ȥĵط
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ֹǣϳͨһĻʱҲһĲƵʡ
ǵģ֮ǿյ۾֮ˣһɲǣһ󱲲ˣ


2218 
ϳǿĵ۾Уǿģ͵ģ
֮κۺƳҫ۹⻷
ɾһλ̫ʱ֤ĵ۾֮ˣȴһ˲˼ʰ
֪Ѱʮе飬εȴ𺳺⡣
ԵЩҲһĿģʱϳʱЦˣұ˴˱˴˭ͲЦ˭ˡ
ô˵սܺ͵۾Կˣ
Ĳۼֱʯ쾪ȥǶû˸ˡ
ھ۵۾һʱܹɱ۾òȿ۶ϿɣǾ۵۾أսȻǰȫһˡ
˸пƵ˵Ψֵǣ̫ʱҲвپ۴䣬֮ʢ³ӣЩ۴ۣԶûд̬ˡ
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2219 㲻
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˵ţȻ͡
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㲻
طѾ˵ˣʧȫ壬ԺһƬհףϡ


2220 
طɵǡ
һμϾܹȵزŮӣһ׹뷲ӣȻԲλࡣ
䱻һ峺ǳӣطϢĸоǰȴԶ߽Ľǰ
ʧǰطīüñա
طظƵģһٿŰǵʱĿأԲ𺳡ޡ
ֲֻǰ㡭
ط̾˿ֱľ˲˳Ȼ
Ҳˡ
ͬʱҲظ㿪ڡ
ط㵣⻹ʣ
治֪Լжʡ
ͷֲܵԡ
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Щץˡ
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ҡͷ
طͷߣֻҪס˭ˣ϶ᷢһȥ׷㣬ޱҪԺ󡭡ǲҪñ˿򣬾ԻֻĴѡ
Ŷ
طҪʲôϳһѾ߽˴
죬Ѱǰһӣ

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ϳѰԱ߻վơطӡ
ڸԶطһæµΪһͨһͨ׼
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ϳһЩйһϢѰ
磬ͬϢ飬ȺһΨһȺ
ܹͨɻ˳½׻ɽͨͬҲǰ˰·
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ϳ˵֮ͬУһᣬžѹĵ̣Ҳֻ۵޵ߣܹ֮һ
һνǸƣ۾ڶ࣡
һۣṳ̂Ͼ۵;ƾѪ֮Ҳѹͬ۾Ŀֲ
һϳѵȥһ磬ҪģһЩһ٣Խޱȣǻ̡
Ѱͷȥһ磬ĿģһҵԾѣһȥɱŮǡ
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зһĨϧɵѾͷѵڴϣϲԽԽԶ𣿡
طһŽµִʱ޾ͲСǸӡ
ĽͬҲһ֡
ʲôҪֻҪһ߱ԣνħɻɳգ̸ִţ
Ը⣡죬һͷӦ
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ǿչŵЩڴˣǲţڣ˺ۣؤӰִƽۣ
ͬʥؾһϼʵɽС
һ˫ͫӲӣĽ͵ش˯ջе³ĸڹУ
ԱߣһƥͷָżԶǷżڵĵط


2221 Ҷ
ڿӼϣһС˫ۻǰ˵ͷǡ
С˼ϣһֻ쵹ĵ˿ų˸ն˺ϸСѺۡ
ߣȥҾűΣ󲻿ɡ
ӸͱһֻŴڹϡ
ѵ
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˵ˣʲôʱɵۣʲôʱл뿪Ƭɽȡ
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ӵУһȺӰӼԶ
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Ѱһʱһž;ɲ
ԭǻţ˵ʲôرɺȻǲ´ˡ
ѲäĿ̽ˡ
ЦϧֻһЩֻʥΪС˭㴦ˡ
Ҫʲô
һţͷɫãŵ
ҲзУѰһ˵Ϣֱ̫ˣվţ·ˡ
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һƬףϣܾӵľλãȻ˭֪ġ
˵жԶѰʡ
ԼĪ֮ңһ˵
ѰʹδҲ̫ˣ
ѰѯһЩˣ֪ܿ置УÿһǳУиһӴͨЩִߣܹ̽йһϢ
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Щֱ̫࣬ˣ
ʱ
ԶԶأѰѾǿտޱߵĴϣһΡ޳ǵ
ӦþƿصġҶǡˣ


2222 
Ҷǡ
Ρ׳ⷽԲ֮һǳأبһֱƿء
ÿһ죬ͻܾڸеĸ飬ǰҶǽóףΪ˽Դ
ýҶҲǷޱȣԳǳعģۣǰٳǳ֮һ
ƣǴ̽Ϣģûж
Ѱѵ
һ̫ͽᣬǲԼһǻ
͵ЦһİɣһĻɫᣬϵ󣬻Щϼƽϣ
⻰ͺ̶ܴˣ⡣
ѰȥֻҪ£һж˵
ţѰءϢôҲ͵һЩ𲻱Ҫ鷳
һŲƳԶǧҶȥ
һ·ϣǼι״飬еܱϳеƺȴڣҲǵһμ
һ飬һ߸ߵ٪壬˫룬ͷһ֦Ҷۣӣϸѩ׵Եú
˺ѱϣ⾿ǲľһ֮֮࣬֡
е飬һ޴ĵƵģһһķɶݣ˼̲סȥһš
ܿ죬ѰǾע⵽һ飬һʱ¶ɫ·ܾ綢һȺ
Ѱüʲô
ûע⵽һ·飬һʿˣŻǳʱǸе֡
䡣
Ѱ˵ͷصѣҲ͵ʶһ磬ʿƺϡȱޱȵĴڡ
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Ŀ⿴ƣָѰأЩץū
һĿ⿴ѰǣѰҲüһ仰͸ģȴǶ衣
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ңֱӸƽ̸ѱ̬ȡ
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Ѱһڵ۵սǱʮǰϹʱ
ڤɱǿߣͬʮǰʱ֮Ƿĳֹ


2223 ˣ
ҶǼ֮ռ֮ңڽֵܼ۴αȡ
Ѱǲûе̫ãһȺĴŲն
һɱڣŷƣҲк䶯
Ϊ׵һ۳ӣ̣ͫĹ󣬻ɢڵ۾Ŀֲơ
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Ѱ˵⣬ЦſơءȻǹԹԵرʵһЩ
Ǳ˴˽̸ôݻᱻ͵
ͬʱһؽĹϵУһһϹ
ɫһкâ˸
ڽҶǰ飬Լ׼ۺѱ˽⵽ղŵĹ۲죬ҲǶ϶һСŮһеĵ۾
Ǿжǿȴһʱ޷ϳԿ϶ǣܹ̹Ȼǰһͣͳݵǣ;һ۾ɱȣ
ҲޱȾᣬԥ
ڴʱŶ롣


2224 ̤ƽ
һ硣
ʱ䣬ҪҪȥҶǿһ
˳طܾັ飬϶Ҳûеζ
ѰһĿ⿴ء
һҲ޷䡣
Ѱհ
Ǿȥһ⡣
ѰϣֻǸƿţѰֹ񡭡һЩԾ
䣬ͼݾӵͥԺܣٿӿֳĽƲ貣ڱƬ
ǻɬĽƲһѰڵͥԺס
Щ飬Ȼǰػġ¶ɭȻ֮ɫ
Ѱ䣬ɨܣȥҶһ⣬ȹǰһزС
λǶԲסˡ
̵Ƭ󸲸ǵͥԺ𣬡Ǿ뿪ɾ͸鲻סˣȥĻΪµЦɡ
Σȴɣ͸һ˿޵ĵ⡣
Щϻʲôǣ
һ쳹ɱ硣
ϾۣҲӦõġ
һĲɣ𣬡ѣֻҪܹŴ߳Һо̱֤ΪǣȥϵˣǾֻܹˡ
䣡
£ǸͥԺĽƲȻתܵĵͼֳǳ
˲䣬Ѱ˷·һƬǿУ˷ǺХǳȼպͱըֲĻ
ǣһ۵󣬿ǽ˵ǰǺ̾Ѿġ
ЦһצĳһƬХǳ顣
ɡ
Ѱһ䣬ǿյϸ΢仯۵ס
ʼ
Ϊһ뻯Ĵʦž۵۾ΪѰһסǼֱǻ֮
䣡
ͼһӣӿ֣ȥһɬķţǶǶ֮С
ơءΪ

⡣
һĸ߲һԶԶĴһ¶Ц
桱بʱͱһ֮̾أǧͼɣͨʮɽӵıԴ֮ɱ٣ȫת֮£еˣΪε죬Ҳؽѣ
һ̬ӵĻߣһӻ죬ڲٿشתС
˵ǿ֪ЩǴģΪǰ˵ʵ
磬˥΢籰ṳ̄ڽ£˵۾ǳʥĶϡ
ڣȴðһŮԼһŵ۾ϵΪͺܲ˼ˡ
ͨǿչŵ·Ѿͨ˰·һֱ䡢׻ɻĴһƿء
˳ЩһǴӱ˰Ѿ壬ϲ᱾ĩǴ̽ǰ顣
ôʲôɱǣһ˰ˡ
˲ΪȻ
ЦеȽǻɱҪǵƵ۱ǿɶ
ԣЩһĴﶼЦ
䡫
һ춯صĺ͵𣬾ͼֳӻߣ͵شУ
ã󣡡
ҲڳЩϹԶһ£ǿɱ۾Ĺܻᱻƿ
ϣɱЦЦһ㶼Цɫ
ⲻЦȻЦ
أһɭȻǴ
䣡
ͼǸƬͥԺϵĴڴ˿Ȼըɢ
ͬʱƵӰһƥ磬һצӻӳ
飡
ִӻߣԴֱӱץըе
ˣ

ܣ
ЩԾŭӣ˭Ҳû뵽ŸתƬ̣㱻ƿ
˵ǣҲ̫£צ֮䣬ͻɱеһλ۾ϹŶ
ȴͫģɱ¶ɭѩݣⱲӻûԹ⣬ǵˣ
䣡
˵ţգ⣬ЩϹɱȥ
һ۾صϹŶȣɫᣬ߶һ˹ìɱȥ
ͬʱҲˣһɷ죬ףʮء
ܹ꣬ǺӵĿֲ飬ɱ׿ޱߣǿչŵЩ˵УٲȻͬ׶Ļ
ʱЩһĵ۾һ֣ǵ龰Ҳǿƿֲ֮
ϧǵĶ󣬱ԤҪ¡
䣡
һצȥǧɽХ㣬ƥĵ۾ܷһйɢ
һǵ۾صһ˹ìòѣӰһģδӦͱ̧צӣš
꣡
۾صϹŶ飬ʹĲҽУݺݷɳȥ
ϹԺȻ뵽ǿϹŶ֮һһ֮У
ۣ
ʱҲɱӰλð㣬ٿȻһϹǰ޳һӣϹʱɻңɲǼ䱻׷ٻ
һ࣬ѰҲ
ǰɢھ۴۵ĿֲƣѹȵƬʮƲԱ
հ׹սì˸⣬ѸսìӶݿһϹͷ­
ɱ
һ̣ǴơأѰκ
˭㣬Ҳܲŭˡ
һʱ䣬ﶯѪɢɽ飬ܾƬɽе飬ԱʧУֻӴܡ
ϳȴڴʱһѪƥĵս֪ǵȻεȾˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ƬһһɽؾĿ꣬ưܵľ
ס֣סְ
ޱߵ˻쳹ؼص
ˣһһĻᣡˣ
˺ѷΰİڶ
ֱǶҵսУֻʣ˺һ۾Ϲ
ҲڴʱѰŰ֡
ͨ
̻ԡѪڵأûڡɬ֡ǻбļ
뵽ֻΪ˶ԸۺһȴȺһ
һսһ̤ƽ
»ܹԺҲעɥʧƺͻԻ͡
ģ㻹мֵܷȫ壬ͿǷԹˡ
Ѱ俪ڡ
һɽ紵ú̻£ʶһЩɬͷҡԸϣ
ƣȥɨսƷϾ뿪
ѰԸ
Сӣ㾹ʼʹˣƶʱɧǹԹȥжˡ
û취˭Сһʦأ
ʵѰҲһΣأ˼ȥʹǾֻ͡ͼݴˡ
ڣκһġ
Ѱף̱ڵأʧǰḷ́䣬òҪƭңҲѻꡣ


2225 ɥ
̸滨УԼ֪һһʮ֮Ѱ
𣿡Ѱʡ
ͷɢɬĸҡ
ѰȻҲûãǰˣǡŹ𣿡
ɫľȻĪ˿̵ĸо
Ϊ֮
ֱض飬Ѱ仰ءһ뿪
ֱǵӰʧγѰ㣬ЩۡûиϾɱ
Ȼþ޷

Ϊβɱˣ
·ϣҲ̲סʡ
в𣿡Ѱʡ
ǡҡͷûбĻᡣ
˴һУվֻǹܻͣһֱ硣
Щ˸Щ޹ģѰ񣬾ͲҪΪɱ֮ˡ
Ѱ˵ţȻ˽꣬ºԸԸгһսԿɳʥ
ǺεȲؽ
ȣѪȲбֶȥ¾һЩ޹֮ǺԼа֮ʲô
ԵΣƺȻʡ
Ҿһ޵֮ѰЦ
͵Ц޵У£ݹ۹Ž£֮ϣ˭޵У
ѰƿڣǰûУԺһأ
ƹЦȻûѰĻ档
˼ؿѰһۣӵв·̵пء
һֱѰңֻҪѰߵʱͺܰ
һȥʡ


һܴѵϢԾΪ֮
е˼ǣһ̤ƽֻ۵ֱʣ
δ̽Ҳй¶κһ˿ࡣ
ʮ

̺ϴһ
磬ٲȻһƬΪʥĽ򣬾ͺñǺݡ
ԭڣףһ̾ⶫ
ޱȺ嫣һƬûб߼ʵĺȣܾ顣
УһľŴ壬ΪӺգǱǿľŴ壡
֮ϣ೤ĺϣֲƵĳǳغͶɿڣһſһ㣬ںϡ
Ƹǡ
֮ϵĳǳ֮һ峿ʮ֣ƸǶɿڡ
ӰڶɿڵȺš
ɿڲԶĺϣͣһڡ塱ľ޴󱦴һƯ½ذ㣬һСǳˡ
ұʻ򶫺񵺡ƿصһ죬ԡóơ
ÿһ죬Ϻĸ飬ԻЯŸ챦Դѡǰ񵺽ó׺ͽ
ʶš彻ס֮ص
ѰǧңһǴƣȺǾ޴󱦴
ռ۸ĲͬΪ˿ṩס֮ҲͬһЩϵȵĶ츣أҪǰԤԼ
ѰǴʱֻʣͨķ䣬λڱ·λá
ԴҲ⡣
ʱԭģɻɢϢȴС
ڴơأڣôҲǷ¡
µһȺó֮
Ѱ˴ǰ񵺣Ϊ˽׻ȥһаѩŮϵ
ͨѩܺһӴ
߽Լķ䣬Ѱ㿪ʼϥȻԱ߷дһ۵Ŀ
һȳ⣺죡
󣬾һƬž
ⱦײ㣬ֲ෿䣬Ȼ˴˽ţɷ֮Ըɽܹʶ̽
Ȼڷ俪˽е
ֻǣѰԣֱͬ裬ʶУܿͿ
ڷУͷĿëӣһľǰ
ľϣһʮСﱻ˫˫ţڣͷɢģ۾ˮʹࡣ
˻ȴһ˿
һһѩĵпŮţһĨ̺Ѫʱʳ
һŴ룬ЩѪס̰͵Сĵ㣬ŪˣŮͷѪһһζ
ӺٺЦģһСѾͷȥϣǧңҿɲŪ
˵ţóһŵҩͿĨŮ˿ڣ˽䡣
ӽѪһΪݸӣҹⱭŮͷѪԤףܷһʺƣ
ڴʱϢ߽һᱡɴ̬ȣѩ׼ֵŮӡ
ǺôĵӰ͵͵Ѫ±ϴ֪׽ⶫι㣿
ŮУˣ˵ȴеĴ룬Ѫһ
ӺͰӶһۣ˿
𣿡ŮδɺĴźɴǰ¶һƬѩףΡҫۣȡ
УĽԵȡ˵ţһңֽӰ
ŮСĲŸհ˾꣬Ĳʮۣ꣬ڣġ
类ĥ࣬ɫľд˿־ͲһȺ׵ĸ
ư߲ĵӰϣԵǰͿ
ŮӷѡָһСŮˡ
СŮ޼۾ܴ󣬲Ű˾ӣ֪Ҫʲô
ԣϣƵʣ㣬ҪôСȴֻͲɼҩݣԺ󳤴ˣ϶һū
ŮӺӶЦıСѶԼǻƾѡ
˼
ԣֻǿڿˡ
Ů֣СŮűȻһ£ᰡȵѪɲޡ
Ѫ
СŮɫɷףͫӿ𾪿֣ˮӯ㣬ɲԱҵѪ
ͨһǡ
ŮҲţһأһɫд˲ɪɪ
Ϊ壬ԭūǻҲʳ𣿡
ŮЦ˵ţӦͻģǸĸѵûиǣǶˣĿͻԽԽ٣Ժ˵׼ʹʱˡ
Ľ㣬һЩСѣ˵Щʲô
˵ţǰ˾СŮͰϣ˫˫סֱᣬƾŮ˻ޣҲ޶ԡ
ϣ
ѩָСŮǻλãС̫Сܷ̫ѪĽλðɡ
Ů룬볢һСѾͷĸأ
ΪѵɾˣֵǮģǰ⣬Ҳֵʮҡ
ͷ·̯ǰСŮΪ
УŮü
ĽȻ볢һϻʲôϽ֣ԱߵİӴߴ١
̾ӶСŮš
СŮһĻŵñ۾ҲһЩѿ޳


2226 Ҳ
ϣ˻СŮۼһĨѩĵ濿糹ױ㣬˵ҡ
һ۵ıľ֮
޶ԣɫĵٿ¡
飡
ǽںȻѡ
ǻµ类һֻסһתеӵ
ۣ
Ѫٷ
ӳʹ˻ĿȻǽڴ
ֳŴİӣԼĵĺɴŮӣҲסû뵽ؼʱ̣ᷢ⡣
ѰӰ鴦߽ÿ¡
ϣЩֵŮȻ̧ͷܾĸ
ѰֱߵľǰϱߵСŮСɷףأԳ˻ףҲ
Ѱ֮ľͷһᣬһɿƲסŭӿͷ
ɱ˲ͷأ
һŮȴЩСΪūΪΪʳ
ѪȲ̵ֶΣֱ磡
ѹ֣ѰƣɢϢһŮѣж־ŭ
ĵѣʲôĪҲһȣ
ŮӿѰһۣġ
Ѱûᣬֽ̧СŮ󣬱ŵϣСԴ£ڡ
УֱĵһɴõСŮ˲Ͱĵľ־塢类˺ѵĺڰױɨ
СŮ壬Ҫҵūôһֻϴ·ģˣ϶һū
۵ϣȴһյѰʹ
壬źεȵļ̤ʹѹŻЩСӴСͲΪūʶ
ѰСŮŮһ䣬ʶȻ
ūؽĪٲɣ
٣
Ѱˣ֣̽սŮӲ߬סʲôʸҴ٣
꣡
Ůѩ׵ĲѵűɽɫУıֻҪһУϵĸ˾ͻᱻ
ಣ
Ӱ壬Ҫӳ䣬ٶޱ֮죬ѾʶҪȥԮ
ֻնһѹڵأɽѹȣѪ
ӱ֣ۼһĻʱ壬ɫѿѣһЩСūѣҪǡ
ʼգǶǰɢϢӣΪηŭΪγ
ⲻ޴ǱʶΪūƾ׸ѾǸٹ̵Ĺ
Ѱӿһ˵Ǻޣŭؿڣй
飡
ҲѹڵϣŤһţ嶼бըļ
˻˻𣺡㾿Ҫʲô
ѰĬƬ̣һƽҲ壬𣿡
һ仰һŮͫţޱȷŭһ飬ʲôʱҴ󵨵Ƕˣ
±
еĴ㵺ͷŭѰЦˣֻЦȴ˵ı䡣
Ŀ⿴ЩȻʧŮǾšɫϵ˺ۡ
磬壬ͻΪū
ѰסŮ࣬Թڣǣ֮£Ǿ͵ûǼˣҲܴұϻ뿪
꣡
ŤϣԪ촷ۣ嶼һٵҽƮ
ӺͰӿ־壬׹ߣ񣬿ɴӲ˵壡
ѰһӣѪǿҲһƬҽ
ĿһĻЩŮγѰ㣬Ұиֳһϣ֮ɫ
壬㡭壿ǱѰµİ˾СŮ̲סʵ
ԡѰͷ
СŮɻΪûгΪū˵ǲ˳ӵصūͻᱻɱǸҷᱻŵġ
Ȼܲף˸ɱЩ߸ϵ顣
ѰĿ⿴ŮûȸԾûлûбȺļ
еģͬһɻ󣬺ܲѰΪθȥɱЩѪˡ
ⲻľҲǡūۡĹѸֲС
ɺܾ㤣ܿ£
ǿչŵϣֱǲ顣
뿪òã
Ѱһ
û˷ԣԺ˳ӣǱʶΪһλԱߣԺҲ޷Ϊūʳ˰ɣ
ѰǿĵĲЩСŮսڣƣúշЩŮ
֪ЩŮغʹƶŭһӲµ¶ɱ
ѰһڷС
֨ѽ
ûãűƿ߽һӰݵ꣬Ѱʱһ㶡
Ƕˣ
ѰȥĴԨǿһʱͱ塣
Ƭ̺󣬿껯ɻɢļУѰѵõһЩԼ֪Ķ
ŶһʮɣྡǷ䡣
Ѱڱϣ·飬ȴûһܹĴڡ
۾أ
ѰԼʱⱦͲʮŸУʮѪǿߣΪߵͣԴ
Ѱٴνһ壬¶֪ĺͯпֵ꣬绪ïŮӡ
֮ڡ
ЩˣһǱѪ粻ͬһֱӶԾϸѡ˺Сӣûϲв
Ѱ֣Щ˽񵺣иרŷūļУЩ˽ɻЩѡ
磬
ֱԼ䣬֮ǰһĻĻѰЩƣȻȻأһеס
ڤۣ
ﾺ棬·ϣɱ¾ѪȵɼֻǣֻɱͶҲˡ
Ѱ޷ܵǣ屻ṳ̄衢ƾ׸³
ϾҲ塣
ھսǹŻ޵߾ͱ򡱣ǲ֮Ӫ֮ĶԿ
ڣ磬ȴڲϣţȡᣬ̤
Ϊ壬ѰĿܽܵˣ
ҪŤתһУעޱ翵顣
ֻҪˣ;Բ᲻ܣ
Ǽһļ䣬ӦûһѪǿ߲Ŷԡ
Ѱü
ұޱȾ޴һСǳأ㣬мһУһĽֵ̡¥ĳ۵ӦоС
Ѱܻɣ©֮㼫ܾȥ˱мһ㡣
ͬʱ
㣬һ¥УƵһͷĿӣȻһɫ䡣
׶ӵƣһֱЯȴͻȻˣ
Ҵ¥
ֻǣߵһ룬ʶʲôͣԭأɫһ粻
ãһҧתȥ


2227 ѩ
㣬һֺĵУĵ̡
˵Ĵϱɱˣ
һۣڵڱϣһͫӿŽɫʮַţޱȡ
а崿Ѫᣬһ۾ֻһĸ
УѪӹڵأɫݣӣдǺơ
ѵó
üһв豭飬ɫȻҵǺˣĸ˾ڴס
ԱߣһŵղʱƿرŲƵһλ´Ϣ˵ڱײı־źŷǵĽƿһѷ졣
˶٣żǱ־źŷڣסһѪǿߡ
ȥһ£ףͽƤ뺣У
ŵͷʮǿߴҴȥ
лӣлӣѪ¶м֮ɫ
Ȼҿɲǰ㣬άϵĹء

ײ㣬־źŷ䡣
Ŵһǿߵִ룬ס˭
ˡ
һǿ߷ɿ
Ŷһš
һǿվָ̧ҪţյķžϢУѰǰƣͷҲ̧ʵ£
ĿһɨͿǽϵʱüģ
Ѱ̧׳һҶǧң㹻ˡ
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ѰüëһʶѾй¶Ҳû
ŵ˶һû뵽Ѱ̹ϡ
㻹бҪ˵ûУɫѰûУ͹Թ־ܰɡ
ƺδƻϵ򡣡Ѱڵ
ǰ񵺣Ҫеӿռ䣬ããϣա
ǲ·ѰͲỨѲ˴С
ɱѪǿߣɫᣬϵĹأǲԶ֣
ѰʵЩһҪɱһСʱΪǲ֣
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͵Ц㣬˭׸˵Ҳ֪֪Ҳϲᡣ
Ѱ䵭ô˵ԴϣĹؾͿԲˣ
߲üⲻǷϻ彲أ
ѰŶһҲҲǣǡӴ˴أУھʧ
˵գϢعرգһߡ
ۼһĻЩǿߵɫһһѿ׷׶Ŀ⿴š
ߣʲô֣
һһžͳȥֻǻûߵ̧ȾͿһǱ飬Ӱһڵϣ۵÷ʹƽС
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ǿ߽ԱŭٴγȥҪƿţɱȥ
ɰ飡飡飡һ죬Щǿ߽ԱѹڵأˣһƬ
ûŵʶݲˡ
ѣ֪ôĺҧڣɭȻģɴûк³
ȻѰվǣ䣬ϲ֪ĳ˵³
ŭЦУҵţ
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ʲôŴ󾪣һ׼ۣȴӦ˶Щ¡
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Ѱ˵ţųԶȥ
ϣķУ֪鱻̽ɫԴڹ
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֪磬ϣףľŴ壬ͬ˸ǵĿֲڡ
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ûЩɫĿ⣬ѰŻţֱϱһ㣬һ·ϣ˲֪پĿ⡣
Զһֺ뻪ĴӳҰУǰפ໤һִϢ׺
ֻѰδֹǰ㳯ȥ
в֪ٸβ棬ڹţȻѰľٶѾϵĺ䶯
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㡭ҶԸף
פڴһڻҲע⵽߹ѰѰŵĻʱǶ㲻Լ۾
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ɲǲȡжѰһοֲѹɢʱһѹڵأһ˿ţ
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ʱһλݽɫ
Զһ󾪺Щ׷ǿһԾѡ
ⱦϵĻʥ֮ϵΪһЩĸʥЩǿУѿǿֲ֮Ĵڡ
ֻѰС
ֱǲֵһӣ
УڱһһߵȴϢİüⷢ춯һʱ
Ȼ̧ͷ˹ȥͿǻ߽Ѱ
һӣʶ鲻Ծɫλѣʲô
飡
Ѱ㣬˦ֽǻŶȥĿһɨͿѪӡ
һµģأԲʲô
ԭ©֮Ѱ˵ţָһ
أһͷˮѪӣȻУҽһأĲס
ѰŽĿ⿴Ǵ˴ˣ
Ѱĺһ򽾰ԸİһƤ񣬾ͷ·ϡ
һ˴壬˴κζʲô
ѰȻЩѪ飬ɱģǷҪչذ£
ѹ֣ӿǰδеУɫ粻С񣬺ʱв
֪ıµģʲôƲˡ
һĿɨӴ⣬ȵЩֵĶҹ
ը졣
⣬ʱһ궯Щ㿴ֵĸ飬ʢŭ֮µİԻɢܿʧ
һ½ǿЦŹֵǰл˵֮ǰе֮ǡ
˵ţӡ
Ѱޱᣬɰɲҿ϶һǷһ˲֪µϹʶǰơ
ѰӰƬ̣ϵðѩ
һֱ㡣
ѩ
һǿ֮ˣһŴе֮Ůǵָľ׼֮һ
壬ѩĵλޱȳȻԶԶܡɱȡ
Ѱʣ֪ܾӵġںεأ
ҡͷԵúʵΪصĽأ룬֪λõģҲ޷ִ


2228 
һĸӹǾŴ֮һ룬Ҳ޷ǰ
ɴ˿֪ڴ˽ĵλεȳߣٲȻ͸߸ϵ㡣
ѩǷڴϣѰʡ
ͷʮ꣬һֱ񵺣˵ҪѼ㹻ģ롮塯ĳһ¯ҩΪ۾׼
ѰŶһִ񵺺ȥ֮£ɼ̡
˵գѰֱһసǰڵִ֮ǰһһֱ㡭ɣ
з࣬ĸҽ⣿ͺԥӦ
룬ˣ˽صʣҪúдλ͡
ܿ죬Ŀĸ͵ľͱһһС塱ġơ֮ãųƾ𣬱֮
ˣƵġϻۡ
ߢġǧϼ¶
ľġҺ
ʮ֮࣬ÿһ֣Ǹеϡ屦˿̶дѰ
ѰЩ⣬ڴ˴ϣ澡ʧͲң
ʵʵش𣺡ޣûʸȥֻԡ
˵ţЦһ£ǰģʢдҲϣдˣԸǳʲô¶ˡ
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һһʱͷþƣ
ȴǷһľˮɱȣֹڸиŶصĴζޱ
а⵱ȻǺþãССһֵǣѰʱҿɶóȵġ
ѰƷһ¡ϻۡ˿˿۽ڿǻڻѰ鲻Խ˵ͷúȣ
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ţѰֳ˳ʺ;ƽһŶصķζһǾȣѰ̾ѡ
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Ѱһۣңңٱһ
ʱһҲоѳ׸ҿ϶ѰûٽִĴ㡣
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˵ǰȥ񵺣ҪʮŸռ磬Ԥǽִڴڼ䣬ʲô󣬾ֻҪģᵡˡ
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νռ磬ʵǷֲڶ֮ϵ۵ռ䣬ССĿռ
ޱȺ嫣֪󣬵ֲпռ磬ǺҴܾͻ嫵Ķ֮ʧ
Ȼǵ۾ҲҴǿռһ֪·һðȻУܻᱻŲƵδ֪֮أԶ޷ء
飬ǰɲû
Ҵȥһ·ƽ˾Ѫǿߵѱѹȥûٸ̸۴¡
˭һΣһݲ磡
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ֻǣѰԴȴƻȻ
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һ죬Ѱ⣬ƾԶͼԶ̺󣬲һߣεΪ׳ۡ
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ˮиûκ
Ѱʶ̽ͼǺˮ֮£ԽԽǺڰͱ䣬˵Ϻһˣ塢ɺһĺֲҲ
ֱʶ̽뺣ˮ֮¾ǧɣһɹı亮ȻõѰ͵Σյĸо
ԥջʶҲʶһɲơһӣĺȻ
Ȼ֮£Ϊֲ
Ѱ΢Уڳ˴ʱ˽Ķһ֡

ǧ֮£Ϊ֮ء
ب񣬵Ǳ뺣ˮ֮¾ǧ֮ص飬ΪǿԻ֣֮޷ų
ҲΪͨĵ۾ϹŶøַʽ̽Ҳûһܹ֪Ǻˮǧ֮£ʲô
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֮ǰѰŽɣղŵĲ̽ҲȻʶǡĿ¡
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׼۾ΪİطͼѪǰ۳һӡӡۺ貵ĴܻһͷӰ
ŰתΪӡҲǻֲ˼ƣޱȡ
Ѱһ۾ϳʩչģȻԼյĽű֮һӡһޣ
Ѱ϶¹õ⡰ű䡱УųԼ
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ϸĦãѰڸҶ϶ʩչġӡǱ˸԰㣬ͽɱɽ֮ȴһĵԣ
ⲻ⣬ǰõĴУ⡣
ѰЩţĴѪᣬӡȻضߴУ˴ġȱݡ
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ѰҡҡͷֻǸоĵƺЩ⡣
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ⲻΪ⣬Ǵе⡣
Щ찲źΪܵķݶϣѰŵ㲦һ䣬һֱȥ֮·ֻܾʹֹ׼۾ˡ
˵գת߽
һΣڴϻɱѪǿߣðǿ澡ʧȵִʱ˵׼ͻܵı
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ĿѰɫһ𲻶Ǽһﾹ˵ϵĴ⣬ֱڷĴ
֪ӡΪߵĴУ⣬ζţȺĴУ⣿
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ȱĿܴبӴ񣬲һֱھŴУ
οڣȱ۾ϹгȱݣЩϹ֤ɵۣ
˼ãһаһǿߣΪͨ죬Ŀ֪Ĵаأ
ȻѰĻ
УѰãûٶ˵һ֣ڵִ񵺺󣬰ֵûԼʧѰǲָһ


2229 ̫һˮ
ǰĳܷ񶷵һ䣬Ƿѳɵۣ
߽˴ԥã̲סʳĶ⡣
Ѱͷ
ͷ·Ѱ㣬¶֮ɫұø彻ˡ
ʲôѰһ
磬һĵĹأ۾裬֪֮ǰ£ҲΪٴ󶯸ɸꡣ
ЩѪǿߣᣬһ۾ڣ
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˵ЩպЩѪǿߣһλ۾ڣĿǣۣ
Ȼⲻ˵Ҳη۾ǰ۾ǺεǿĴڡ
ԼλȥȣԼеĵλֻ·ǵ벻ȱΪԼһλۣԼѵͳͷ
˵Ƿǣأı֣ûĳʧѰ
վԵģĵ۾ڣݹ֮ˡ
˶٣Ц彲أܹô񵺳Ϊóס֮أϾǽƽ͹أһпɾˡ
Ѱȼ˰ѩ֮ˡ
˹֣лǰ
һλǰȻٽԸҲ̧ͷ
ͬʱҲңЩûеԷ򡭡Ǻضˡ

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˵һ죬ʵһ֮ң½أϸŸεĹһ⻯磬ڵϿգͷס
ǰıӰڵϣԵޱȷ֡
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ϣÿ춼ϺĸȺǰеΪ˹еΪ˳۱
񵺣һ޴ޱȵļУزϡҩġ䡢챦֮ؼʽνӦоС
˵ǰϵң󶼿ض飬ǰңҲԻʮ档
ʮ֮֮䣡
ֻҪ㹻ңûʲô򲻵ģУ֤еһ࡭
һ·ǰУѰȻͿ⵺Ͻֵ֣ɫɫĻ̯̯ϾϡŹֵĸֱߺ˷˷ĸ鴩Уǵȳ棬Ħ࣬Ӻݡ
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ʱЦԺǰĴ֮Ҽʼһ仰һֹ£˵ض֣֮
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һЩ׼Ѱ̬ȣƬ̣˵֮Ա΢̫ߡעֻӹء
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һȻиΪȻ
ѰҲ˵
ҪıһУҲעɽġ
࣬һƬɽͣϼڣһƬĸء
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ܾ֮أλھ񵺾Ű֮ġؾУϣפλ۾ϣԼһλֵ
ӳɽǰ˵ÿһֵҪڴפذ꣬һĥУǵεԻȡԴһֵǰѩ
˵ţɽǰóƣѰ˳ؽӳɽУյִһϵͥԺС
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Ѿĵϣӳɽϣפλ۾ϹŶ
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ֱ뿪ѰƤҲû̧һ¡
ڽӳɽǰӴ־оѸӦ˵ĸ۾һ۾أ۾أһ۾ءˣ˵ظһ۽ɱ󡭡
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ɶѰԣ̸в
ûãͷһΣڨڨǰѩڱչأҲҪʮʱܳء
Ѱüʮ죿ˣҵһȱǡ
һ̾һ塭ô
ǰӦǵһǰ񵺣Ҫһ䣿
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ʱһ񣬵ǰ񵺻۰˷еı˵׼ҲǰҪġ
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ǻɳ𣿡Ѱʵ
һǿع屦ǰֹΣɵһʱͱԸ߼ߡ
ѰŶһʣ̫һˮأ
˰죬ЦǱǻɳϡıܷҲÿ
ѰЦЦûټȥ
ֵĽＯУһ·߿ѰҲһЩһЩǿչŵϺϡŹ⣬۸̸϶󣬵Ҳˡ
˰죬ѰѻȥңģͳԵйأ⡢йߡϡ廨ţɫɫ
㶼ɣѰһλۡ
ѰǮˮɣҲðľңһƷϽ׵۱ˣ
Ѱӻȴһǻӽļƣð̾Ϊֹ
ɲ֪ѰĲǴеõսƷʱɨսƷʱ㽫Ļ۶գ
һ·ѰЩʧһֱתͨһܷ©
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Ҫ֪ͨǷɽڰ˴˲ӵľѧλɽеġүǿͨɨǿ챦Ӷ¸ġ
ûãһӵѰע⡣
̫һˮ
ǻм٣¥ѾųϢһλ˵ίУҪ˱ʱֹʱ
ߣȥ
⣬Ѱһ̫һˮȿĹ屦ıԼˣ
ʱҲע⵽ЩĿ࣬衭ˣ
ԶϣӰڳ¥ڵķۣޱȺ䶯
ȻǱһ
ǰҪȥ𣿡ʡ
Ѱ룬ĿҪȥ˱棬㽫˱
㵣ָԼң
Ѱͷ



2230 ڻ
ΪѰǹѡ
ǰԼˣ¶̫һˮǮ
һ̰е
Ѱóһﱦңװʮ۱䶼Ʒ֮ǵȼֵ֮޷
Щ̫һˮóһﱦҡ
˵ţѰֵݸһһװǧңСɽѰĸ챦޷ϡġ
ĬòոȷţΪ̫һˮѰģ
̲סǰΪβǰ
Ѱ㡣
Ĳ㣬ǵȵطȻ˶ӣһ˵ϣػǳ¶ˡ
ȻѰҲ鷳֮ðǰһǶԷ崿Ѫᣬ񵺣û˸ȥǡ
⣬壬Ҳˣн׵ʱ򣬿϶ᱻʶơ
ߣͲݵĳʲôˡ
ϽȥɣԻȥ㡣
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ͬʱѰһڴй䣬һǮˮļơ
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δʳģ

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Ѱһ۾ͿһѪ飬ڣж壿
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һ⻹٣屾ϡ٣ܹһİūѾһ׮ˡ
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ͷ­̧𣬶ʱ¶һ绨ֻ֮ɫȴ԰͸նдľȻû㡣
ѰŮʱͫȻв

ŮӣȻڴǸһѪ᰽µľɫˣ
꣬ͰһǰŻԾһ뿪ǰһ硣
ڣȴΪūѪУ
Ѱ㶼š
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˵Ѷһڻ⣬۸Ҫ˵еŮˣ롭ҲҪǧңϾһλʥΪһڻ˵ǧңǧҪ
Ȼӹ󣬲ٿū쾳ΪֻҪʮ־һٶʮ
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ŮӷӦ죬ԥŲƶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ͱѰץסСƵ߬˹
ļУϣһɱؽܵѹѣҪЩūͳͳ㣬ҪǮ


2231 
Ůӻ䣬ͻҽѰָƮ
ͬʱѰʶɢƬͥԺУֲڲͬطʮŸѪǿߣϢر
ѰĿ⿴ָһһºۻӿڡ
ۿɼ˺Բ˼ٶȻָԭ԰͸ɫҲǳ˻
ڵĳ󼲣֮˶޸

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ûˡѰְס֮ɨĵľֺ궯
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ѰҲһ̾Ϊڴˣ̫ӰĽľˣڽ֮ȴ֪ıѣΪһƾ׸̤ū
־δ̫̣
죬ŸһжģٿƲסĵѰУ˻峺Өˮ׹䡣
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ʮǰʱ򣬵Ͱһ𣬴Ծѵִ֮󣬲δʲô⡣
İ֮£Ծ˳ӵ˲롰ɻᡱʸ
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2232 ѩѰ
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2233 
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2234 
֮һɫگܹһ۵֮·ֻҪǩ£ͺûʲôˡ
ûеõѰָ㣬ѩΪ˳ɵۣҲ޷ܾȥǩһԼķگ
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ԥƬ̣ջˣ߰˻Ӵڿն𣬳ŴԶŲƶȥ



2235 Ŵ
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ˮûѵΪǻᶯȥ᣿
ѩλǰӦѵǻŲ֣
ˮտЦ̾ȷǵԸıȫ˵Ļᣬǡȷпܻ̲סô
ѩæλģλǰ˵ܹ˳һأͻȥĴһĴ¡
ˮ˶ʱһ
һ뵽Ѱ֮ǰҽ۽ߣˮ˾Ͳһɥ
ֵԨִܹĿ˳߳
Σ±һʱ峤
ˮϣпܣܹŴȫ֪£ֵ֪ԨһԸıǾŴ˵Ĵڣ£ͳˡ
˶٣ĿͳһŴﲻʲôæԲֵԨһ
˽԰Եͷ
Ŵеˣǲȥ֮س䵱ʹӰĽɫ
ֵԨʲô⣬ǾŴԷЩˣ֮ذһ
һֻҪѲܹ˳֮߳϶øǾŴĴ֮
ȻһеǰὨڣֵԨл
±뾡ȥ죬֪º󣬱ȻҲͬľϣֻǣ²̫֪һ϶ǾŴ
ˮ´
һ죬ֱŰѩһ𣬴Ҵ뿪񵺣壬ʼж
ڵ֪һϢ߲ԥһµľΣҲѷĻʧˣ
ܿ죬߲Գǰ󤡢Ρţȵ塣
ˣǣű䡱ȽɴУһҿɳԲ£ϸ
Ŵܹһ֣õľˡ
һʱУ½½أֺϢ塣
Ӧˣ
εӦˣ
µӦ
ֱ˴ȷʾһϣͬͬѵĻץס
ˣʮһֱһ£ΨһհľŴ壬ڰȻγһܵˡ
һУȫѰĳֶ𡭡
ѰԼǶ벻Ϊű䡱ԵʣþŴ֮һЩ뷨
һЩ͸ıйص뷨
Ӷĺ򣬲䣬һӿķ籩עӰ¾Ƶı仯


2236 õԤ
ӿһƬϿգֳһɪɪ״̬
ϣУѹ֡
Ѱ֮ϣѹڵصĸۣ䣬
ụ̆ɫ࣬һ޲ýѰ̻ɫ
ֻ֪ǰѣŭĪЩ߸ϰˣͻȻ䷲ͺѽˣ
ѰԴ⣬ô˵ɣΪĳԵʣΪһϻֱѻˣ
ͫдŭͺޣ˻壬ɿܻͷҪɱҪУ㾡ֱܶǣò㣬һ˭ע壡
壡
֣еζȴĺ
Ⲣԣƾһϵƣȷӵȵ̡
ֻϧȫѰá
ǰһᣬҪǿ
ƽУ͸һĨΥζ
̲סͶְ
Ѱ˵ͷƣ㲻һֱ볢һζϳͽˡ
˵ʱѾƴзų
ٺٺ١һۿۣ۾ЦޱպͿܣˮ
һȻƹޱȿ£ΣϢ
㾿ʲôҧ˵̬ѾЩҡˡ
ƶʱͲˣΪޱȵۣôܾأóĹһҪ
ų⣬Ʒأ
ɫòӿޱȵ߷ߣǵһܴܵ裬ɨأ޴棡
£һвͣ
ֻ֪£ֻҪʵشұ֤̫Ϊ㡣
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Ѱ㡣
ž
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۱ǰֱðǣٿǴεģ߷񣬺޲øƹƴ
գס£޿ɷ棬㼴ѻ꣬Ҳעͽͣ
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ѰüȻۻе˼汻ѻ꣬Ҳа취ֹѰõҪĴ𰸡
һɻϵıʣȴһλŵ۾صĴԸ˵Ļ֪һʱطͬСɣ
ҪҪúһϳ棿һĥ
Ѱҡͷʵ
һΣֻԥһ£ҧûǿ߽Ӧ֪صλãҲע޷С
˶٣ɫɭȻѰȻָǰҲ㡣
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¾ǵ۾ڣҲؽȥ޻أ
˵Ѱûж룬ֱʡ
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ž
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·ǡ
Ѱһ̾Ŀǰ޷жԾѵĴǺǻðȻɱѪԵϵдǻ᲻ˡ
һʵ£һʱ䣬ǷһǵŮһ
һ£Ů˭
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ͫһҡͷҿȷ㣬ûǰ
Ѱʹƶһۣü
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ҲһϢˡֻҪûζûеõǡѪҲעǽʣһƲлָ
ˣܷһ䣬㾿˭ΪҪִǰۺȻڡ
ʵںܷѽ⣬Уĸǿ߸󵨣±壿
ǰһһȴһ˼ɵ̬ø۶еܲ˼顣
ҽѰѰһ˵ԼʱŸ۵ı顣
Ȼ֣ͫ͵ɫˣš
ѰʣʧⲻܣǰѾͨǿչŵ·;ϣ㡭ִܻܵ
һ仰Ѱжһ𣬷͵߬ס۵ĲĿ£һһٵ
Ǹǿչŵ֮·Ϊ˷ֹѰ
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۱ŲѣҲѾʶղ¶һ¶
ţЦѰǸϵŮ飡¹أΪûиһ
飡
Ѱˤڵϣɫһ֪ĳĴˣҡΪа
һɲԸĽվӡ֤ˣһѰ⣡
⣬ΪԼ;ѵ飡
Ѱ˱һ̫Ӱһʱ䣬ľóء
֪һ̿ʼͲòĴˣ
ҪҪϳ棬ȡԪ񣿡ҲѰЩԾҲɱڡ
ɱ˱ֻøң
ЦѰѰĲģ֪ԴɻĻһ̿ʼһɱģС飿ΪĳԵʣɱǿչŵʬˣ
ë㴦ˣţǣ
ֱצӣŸ۾һͳ飬ףڱѪݰ䣬Դ¡
ʱѰѲ²ʲôɫô˵ɻϷһʣ;йˣ
ۺȻ죬ֻЦһ֪ƫƫģ
ѰĬƬ̣Լ侲㲻˵Ҳ޷ǰ֮һԻס
Ѱ·ͲϽȥ˻ЦŶѪͷɢԵЩˡ
Ĳɱ飿̲ס
·
Ѱһϣƣء׼һ£ڽ󣬻ͻᱬͻ
ƵͷޱȣҲȥذգǰһЩ׼
Ц֮أب˿ɺѰǴȥֱǷɶ˻ȡ
ûã޴ޱȵڿշɶݣżԶŲƶȥʧؼ䡣



2237 ʮŶ

ʮռ磬Խ˲֪·;յִһƬտȻϴ;׵ĺС
ããϣһƻϢ϶ϼꡣ
ͶȫһʥϢ
ԶԶأһǧɸߵĹʯں֮ϣײûںˮ֮£޷ü
ʯϣɣϵµϢϱԭʼ׭֡
ͣУѰңңһĻͷ
˵ڣλһƬһĺϡ
ν룿Ѱʡ
Աߣɫ粻Ȼɱţ˭һˣעܽС
ǿɲһ
Ѱ䣬ֻҪڴ˵Ⱥ򣬳ץס߳ˡ
ɫ΢䣬Ҫʲô
飡
Ƴ֣һȥ۾ͱιȥɵڵء
Ĳɱˣ̿ˮ
ȴһıһˣػᾪԷ
Ѱڵ˳أʱٺúһҲ޲ɡ
ͷ˻
Ѱչж򣬾ͽԼǰȫѹڡ
Ǿ޴꣬Ѱ
ƣҲҲڣһԣٳ֡
Ѱ
ƵȻû
ܿ죬Ƭ͵ĺУֻʣѰ
ԵȺǡ
Ѱ˽⵽ϢڣʮŸÿһڸѹһ
УʮһһֱѹŶ֮µġõܹƽãã֮ϡ
Ϊصġλʮǵĺ֮أһƬޱȵؾ硣
Ѱ˿ڵƬʮŸ֮һר·
ͬʱѰһĵ̣֮ۺ壬֮ϣųĿֲ츳
ϸԱȣһƣԺͺͥڰͷ
磬һΨһף
Ͳ룬֮أעޱȡ
ѰӲǰ·ϣѾ˸׼
ɻϾʲôһΪֻɾġ
һ˺ԼԼţϧͨǿչŵ·ĽֻΪԼ;ѵĹϵ
ѰĬĬ¡

һһͼԶǡһ󷭹ֳһ޴Ż߳һȺӰ
Ϊ׵һۣͷڵӣɢһֶһİ
ߣŵһȺӰĽɫŮԶᣬϢһһˡ
ţǡģ
ԶԶأӿѰһʹϱϳϢ
⵱ȻѰαװع֣ӻ棬̣ǰݻᡣ
ֵص˵ͷһλģ
ƬֻһĴִܹʶΪѰĳλĹϵ
ѰóһͼڵɫƣǷ۴֮ǰơ
˵ţƸյݹȥ
һ飬͵ͷƣǰΪ˺£
Ѱ˼ݻһ̫Ӱ졣
üͷʱ𣺡Ҫߵܣ
Ѱֵӳȫ
Щ⣺ûи㣬ߵѱ㣬˵ͣŶ޷̤һ
ѰҲһݣ˵۴ֻ˵ֳƣǰݻ̫ӣ顭ʵ
ӳˣƣҲΪ㣬ʹȥһߵܡ
ѰʱһֻҪܻҸϵϣôܹܶˡ
һӽסѵ̫ӣǴ˴ǻҪȥ
˵꣬Ѵϣżҽλ͵ߵܵסٳҲ١
˵ţתóһϼƣһһա
ˣ
淭ֳһŻ
߰ɡ
ӵȴ·
ѰӰһۣ͸ȥȴ̫ӣһòǽİɣ
ѰûֵܰظŸŰһ𣬽ŻС

ѰҰͽһؾ磬ããؼŨĻԴϢ
ͬʱŸۻϼ֮ϣá
ϣɽӲľԾ޴ޱȣȻŨ
ڱǼ価ǾȵԪĿֱڴ˵е
ѰĿشԼʱп𣬹Ȼؼһһĸ֮ء
ЦЦźεĽŵ˵Ƿ磬ܹĸأҲֻǿձ˰Ĳܾ֮ˡ
˵ţǰС
һ·ϣͼɽããҰףʱݳȺ裬һ䡣
ϣҲɼ޳ûѰòϣȷ죬Լȫһ
ʶУһ·ϲ֪ӦٿֲϢֲڲͬĽУеǱڴԨе°еľԺ֮¡
ʣЩֲϢеǿڣڲ֮ͬС
ͬʱѰҲע⵽УȺ飬һҪôòƯҪô㹻ǿϢ
Ѱ󤡢ΡȾŴ飡
ֻǣЩе飬Գ䵱Ů¡ӵȵȴӵĽɫ
壬һΪ𣬵ܹѡЧģɶǸȺеٮٮߣһĽɫɲʸ˵ء
ƿڣһ־̬ΪԼĳӡ
ѰûʵӣЧģǷе۾ڣ
Ȼ
ֵ΢΢ЦŴһЩ۾ڣͻᱻƸΪĹϡ
һĵλ֪̫ܲߣ׷λŵ۾ΪĹϣҵһԶ̫ĹΨǴӡ
Ѱ¶Ծ֮ɫ
Ȼһװģһ뵹Ƿġ
֪һĵϵУоŸ̫ӣĸ
һ̫ߣ۾ǿ߳䵱ӣһָжٵ۾
ˣЩУעҲȱֲ֮Ĵڡ
˶Աȣһĵֲ֮ͿԿһЩˣ


2238 ս۵ͼ
һ̸߽ܿ죬ԶһΰվĺɫɽӴޱߵɽϸһˮͰѪɫٲһ㴹䣬ɢǵĽƲ
ɽ˴ˣеĻᱻѺڴˣеĻᱻڴˣҲеĻᱻѹڴˡ
絭Ȼڣ꣬ߵΪһŮమ´Ҹ㣬Ѿʮû̽ˡ
Ѱûвײһ壬֪˵
ɡ
糯Զɽȥ
ѰԶɽ˲͸ӦǴɽɭϣһؽǣطѺǿϢ
ɽ£޽гȺĽʹӺСУæµԼ顣
̫ӣôˣ
ʱһɫۣ뷢Ұ׵ӭ
һεĵ۾šսۡ䵱ŹϵĽɫڴˣɽĸˡ
ǵ۾ڣ԰ʱսҲ¶֮ɫ
ѰȻ뵽žڳɵʱǩˡگ֮󣬽˽һƿص³ˡ
õ۾ڣǿչŵϣ飬һĵϣȴΪˡ䡱Ľɫ
Ҵλߵܣ·ɡڷԸ
̫롣ս˵ţȴ·
ˣ
óһɫ̣ͷųһɫԣٿȻһͨɽڵͨ˽С
ɽڣѹ֣ڽĲУҲľ
̫ӣ̫ӾͱɽĵС
ֱһ޴ɽſڣսۿڵֻǣɽΪƣۻѪ֮Ҫȥ̫
üˣֻΪѴ·Ѿûʲô飬ʹȥλѽȥɡ
һָѰ
ս۵˵ͷĿ⿴Ѱѣ
˵ţ߽ǺڰɽС
л̫һ·շѰ繰˹֣Żսһ߽ɽС
ĿǵӰʧЦЦ͸ζߵˣᣬǿһϷ
Щӽһ͵ʶһԸİ磬ļһǰĿģ
̫ӣĪһ⣿һ̲סʡ

ȿڣУ˭۴Ʋϵľ̫ӣĿܻӦļһ̫ӣһ
ǣʮ˭̫ѱ㣬ѳ˹¼ҹˣļһȴȻǰҪ̫ӣɾ̫ˡ
ϣЩӽ˼
絭ȻŰɣѴսۣһֻҪɽע֮޷ʱԻԹ˵Ϊζ
˵һĨ֮ɫ
浱ʱ˷ѵģ
βЩΣݣСɫ

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Ѱεȴڣ˲ͲɽڸǵĽвһĵ۾ڣ
Ѱʵѣ̫ӺεᱻɭĹط
սͷҲأֻһ·ĽɫʵҿһŲ֪
ѰŶһȻ̫ƺûгɵ۰ɣ
ս첻ԣһѰ̸ģ
ѰЦЦˣ̫ϵᣬδɵۣȴѺ۾ĵطĪǡǷʲôУ
սɲԣԹǰС
ѰüҪ˵ʲôʱϺȻһ˵ֵԨ
Ѱһ𣬲ʶس֣˻ɱ
֪һ֪ѰĴڣɾԲֵ֪Ԩ֣
磬ֵ֪ģĿǰΪֹֻİѩˮˡ
ѣұֵԨգѰסĵɱ˵һԡ
ֻҪһ˿Ծ̳֣
ȴǻսǰеĽŲȻŻûлͷֻҪֵ֤ԨЩ飬ǾͿһˡ
Ĵ̻աѰһ̽ûǴƺֻ֪ҵ֡
սֹתѰۣǷǱߣ
˻һѰͫȻһʱʶϢǰˮֵй¶
ֻǣȴû뵽Ϣᴫ֮죬⿴ɽһϣ˵£
̫˼顣
Ȼ뿪񵺺󣬷һЩԤϵ顣
ĬƬ̣ѰӭŻս۵Ŀ⣬ͷ
սƺҲظɫûֵѣѾԿ϶ݣҲصġ
飬ҾŴĺ֪ҴϢҵлĻһѡ
Ѱס˵Ŵ嶼֪ˣ
ű䴫УԸıҾŴˣȴ£ҵܲ
սۼǰУ¸ߵѣҾŴѰˣָľŴ幩ϣֻҪֵѣԻԮ֡
ȻֻڰнУһ¶ҵΣҲֻԹۣ⡣
ѰڳˣԭһУǺ͡ű䡱йأ
Ͳű䴫УͬƿһһֱǯžŴ壬õڳɵʱò˽һƿء
һŴͲò˳һ
Լĳ֣ǾŴ忴˴һмı˵Ļᣡ
ԭˣ֮У۽ΣֻҪĳܹ˳뿪زǾŴ֮顣
Ѱׯࡣ
ĺͻأҲһ׮õ飬ѰȻܾԾŴͰ
սҪľ仰ɽڵķ˿
ֵѣȲҪ̫磬ʱѾ̫ӰĻɣڵĴ᧿Σ
Ѱüëһͼսۼ֮ǰĻûдɽһרѹ۾ĵط̫ӣܽ㣬ɱϾǵϵ̫ӣݺεܻᱻȵط
ǰԸҵˡ
Ѱ䣬оЩԾǻս۵ʵ飬ܾ͵밽ˣ
ʲôʵ
ս۵֮ǰ̫Ӵ˵ݿɣҽɽڣô˵ؽѹ
ͻѶ㣡
֪ЩѰü¶ðСʶˣҲԼһѡ


2239 ּ
ͬʱսҲ˵ѣ㲻һ룬ڽʱ¶Ż̫Ӳɡ
Ѱ룬㽫Լǰʱϸһһ˵
ˡ
սۺܿ򣬡⵹ǲֵѣ֪һƲ̫ӣ߹ϵӣȴŸ۵ǰҪݼ̫ӡ
˵꣬ѰҲ׹ͷ⵹ˡ
ս۷ɿ촫ѣ²˳٣̫ӻȺ⣬ýô죿
Ѱһ˼⣬⿴սۣһ취õѲǣۣ˳̫ӣֻǡȴõһЩί
ս뵽ĳֿܣɫһ粻һҧܵίʲôֻҪܹﵽѣһиֵá
Ѱ˵ͷͿʼ

ɽ⣬üͷ𣬸ոеЩʱİɽȻӿ֡
ǵȿֲϢõðһϣҲһǺȻѡ
ɽڵĽŹƽ
ͬʱս۵ɽ𣺡Ѿס
ˣ
Щӽ
ҲЦȳɽȥʼգûκһ˿ġ
Ͼ磬һĵ̣
ʶҲΪս㱻Լƿ˵ĵ۾ڣġ
ɽûãȻͿսǵȺţߣһӰڵϣԣ֪
սۣ콫ĻŪѣҵҪһΪζ
оᣬʵЩԵãΪԼʶһ׮ı
̫ӣҺʧ
ɾڴʱͼսһӣǸһӶûüӦͱѹһ̱ڵأҽжûһ
ã
ϵĵ̣ǳڱܰ㣬һʱ䳯ⱩŲơ
飡
ֻǣն֣׾ͱݺݳһǣǰһ󷢺ڣʹȥӰҵأˤʺ͡
սۣ㾹ұ壡
ŭɫֻ࣬ǵŤͷȥʱȴǻսģãѰģ
һӣʹסз㡭
еĻսǣֻǣ޷æˡѰָָԶŵӰԴ⡣
㾿˭
籩ȣըס
ѰЦһ۾ͿƶԷ˼˵ѱҵǣǽƺҲ˲һ˿쳣
糹ĺֽűأԲţ˸Ǳһĵ̣

˭֪һǻᱻģ
ѰҲ£ڿ϶ѽһУλҲģΪĳ˲ɱ
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ۿǡ޷족ĴڣһУһѿǶεĴڣ
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԰һĹӵܶԣ죬죬ĵأؼ飬ǵūͺͳӡ
״Ӳı䡣
ԣͲϣ˸ǵף
ڰ񶯵һ˲ѰԴʶȻӿڡ
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Ȼȷ޷סѰʶǿȥѻֻ꣬һ
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Ѱ߳ɽ֮ǰս۵ָ㣬ɽС
һ·ϣѰҲǲ౻Ѻڴ˵ġֹһˣҲȺ飬һ³ң
Ѱһ۾صͫǿߣ֪Ѻ£嶼ãɢŶϢ٣Ŀġ
յʱ
ɽɽһƺϣһϵʯݣһεĽһƺʯȫǡ
ԶԶأѰͿһӰϥʯǰӿȵ֮
彡˶޳ӢӲʣüһɼ֮ɫ
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ֻǺ͵ڹŻʱûֽ衢ʣֻʣһֳ͡
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2241 Ѳ챦
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2242 ϷּϷ
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ͬʱҲǱڲͬѰѰǿߣڵһʱ֪Ϣ
Щĸ߲ǣҲ½Բ˼ٶȳѰټ¶ĵطȥ



2243 ֮
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˽⣬ɻϢͨǿձ˰·ⰽúģ۸ĴۣҲҪԼԾĺ
ԭܼ򵥣޷Ϊ⺢ӵ츳̫죬ѪʹԨ츳ԿبδУΨһ
ðú⺢£׸Ժ⺢ӡ¾Ҫհˣ
㲻Ҿȥ㡣
ѰһŲգԶĴȥ

Ȼ䣬һϽɫĻ棬ٿ֣žɢ˷Χ֮ƣѰ
񷸩һԲϽɫȦ֣ѰС
ʱ䣬ѰͲƬռ䱻ͷ޷ŲƣͬʱһвϢ
ˣ粻˭ͿԴģıѾܲûпۣӦһ۴ۡ
һͳɳƵ𣬲죬͸һ˾Ϣ۴ۿϡĺܣѵһҲֻǿձ˰Уо۴ߣͬϡ١
һ̬ӣŽɫ룬ŽۣͫӲӵߣƾճ֡

֣ǲϳѰӵϽɫȦҲһɲͣգȼգɢŹΣյϢ
ӵĮؿԶѰ㲢Ǵǿձ˰ͨǿչŵ·֮ǰǿչŵҲнʮûгֹ۴ˡ
ñһ£ʮھ۳ɵ۵İɡ
˵ţӲӵб˵âҪѰ¶͸
ܿ£ϢգԽɫ˷Ŀռ䣬ϵ֩룬ʳϵС档
ǵƣ֮۾صİ᪴۶ҪǿһЩ
޿ɣ弫ϵһλڣΪѪԵʣѹͬĿµ̡
룬µѰ͸ев
ɫ䣬ú
ɫüͷһ壺֮ţҲֱģ˵˵ɣ㾿ΪζǷվͳһԾ޹Žµľ۴ۣ
ϡšĮ߸ϣ
ѰĻӦܼ򵥡
Ź
৵һڿնһצĳͱ㽫ǸʮĽɫ飬ɢĻƮ
ͫһ
۾صϳ棬üһ
Ȼؿǽһۣӣд˳Ⱥ̰һе˰û£ͳν
ৣ
˵ʱƾ缱͵οƵģ𼱻ǵŲգصĴУԶĽߡ
Ѱߣϳ潻ƣ


2244 ɱ
߱ӶᣬһвͣӲܹܴ裡
ʱһƹǰˣ
ֱ
ɵɱʱȴ͵һݣΣպͲԾ
ԥ֡
䣡
ӿĽɫ˳գָ̽նʱը
צ˺ѳգץǳ
ͬצӣкݺһģؼ䣬类һ޴ұֲȻŷ
ͼһƺߣӲӲһУӰһģе˳
ɫһ䣬ٿʱĿѾȫͬĶһ۾صľݽɫ
ȫ˲ܹѾǿϡܹΪ۾ءȫǺţ
ϳһѪ͵̹ȻһɱȰ
ҲǷ̾һ֮ϣеİѪǡ̽ǿֲޱߣѹ塣
ߣǵ۾ΪҲһɱȣ͵ǿÿ¡
ৣ
޷һѩĹ⣬Ѱ׸˴ƣƣսپܵʱ䡣
ƹצ޷۷Ļ᲻֪ⱦص۱֮һŲ˼ã
գХսۣ
˷ܵУٴγȥ޷նضʱһƬããѩ֮С
Ѱһۣתķȥ
ԽǿܵǴǺεȵĻֺ롢׳ۣתؼ䣬Ǵ˵еܾ֮أʥޱȡ
ͣ
һڷɽקɽ޾ӰɫķâɲǼţһƬɫն
̫ˣ
ɽӡŵϢҲޱ߿ֲܹᴩ£նڤ
ۼҪնѰϣͼ
һλðǻԵսìӳìһһǷɽӲס
ףԶɽҰ䣬һףһϷȼݿ֡
һϹͫ׿ؼ䣬ŲɣϢ
ͬʱñյհ׹սìһʱϷꡣ
𣿡Ѱʡ
š˵ͷ
Ѱ䣬Ϸ꣬ϳԷ֮ǰǽǰǿԼĪֻе۾ս󣬾˵ƻӦ㣬Ҫƴ
˵ţѰתȥ
ʱĺܽȣЩһϹŶȫ׷γΧ֮ƣƾͻ
䣡
춯صɱսʮ
Ѱػͷ֪ѾϷģϹｻ֡
úٲɾͱĳ̤ˡ
ѰһѾǾȻ


һ̻Ի͵ĵУ̫ӡ̫ӡ̫ӡ̫ӡ̫ԼŮ˿̽Իһ顣
ĸ߸綼ˣڳɱ磬˵Ǹô죿
̫¶֮ɫаƴֻоʥΪ
ʲô磬һĵ̣ڵ޽񣬿ɶд
һ۸ߴ˵а̫ӣϣ̬ݣŲмοЩϹŶĿܻɱ
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϶£ףɱĸߵˣڣǵƻڣޱʢ֤ӼҲ֪ΣգŻǵһвǵĵơ
һӰ۾磬뷢ꪵӳڣ̫Ӱӡ
£ȷЩֻ֣ҪĵܡߵܻţͿ϶ԱȻɻǣУ˭˴󵨵ǵĵף
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ҡͷʾ֪
ڴʱһɬͳȻڴ
λӡС㣬ǴĪѾִ֮ǰ
˻һһ̫ӺȻһ
ڷֲֲĽƣÿһнϹ͹£Ӿܴ̫š
ģڣ϶¡
̫ӰһǾʹΣûн֮ǰ˭Ҳж

⡣
ѰִʱͼԶУһӰȺŮģͬϢԿֲޱߡ
Ϊ׵һ£ݵӣڱҺɫͫ¸ãޱˡ
ۣ
۾ؾֲڣһ˲֪µϹһı߼ߡ
߻һŮһּϵĽɫڴ
һ۴ۣȴһ·ɱЩ͡
һɫеӱ俪ڣɢʵʵɱܻʬɽѪĿֲ
ηۣ
˵˵ɣ˭Ϊζ
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Ѫۣ
ηһǵ۾Ϊ
ʣµӣһͷѪ𪣬ۺšƽ
һղϣͫȼűɫ棬ۺšħ
λǵ۾شڡ
磬һλ۾أλ۾ءԼλ۾شڣѾǺޱȵݣԺɨһڼɵ
ǿչŵϣЩһĹϵͳ
ڣǰѰһϣ
ú˭ѰȻƽδ¶κһ˿ȴ۵˽Բ⡣
ˣɱ磬ֻΪ֮ü㲻˵˵ҵ֮Ϊ˺£
ȼ֪ˡ
ѰȻй¶ԼĿģһ˶ԷʱͻᣬܻὫԾǰ
ʲôҲţٽ̫ӡ̫ӽձ
η۱ȣն飬ؽԲһɫڳֲѪɱ¾Ӱޱˡ
һɫһ𶼻ᱻ꣬е
ȴѰû˰㣬ûʱǳռúǾͱ̤
ȴ쳹ؼ䡣
˻顢η硢ѪƽħλּϵĴڶһ¡
ЦоǳŪͲмһЦ
Ǵһĺصأب㲻пԴ
ڣһ۴۶ѣ͸˲Ҫ̤ƴ˵أЦʲô



2245 ֮
̤ƴȻǶԣһ붼顣
ԣǲŻЦǰ޼ɵ
ǲϣѰܹǱ磬ܹΧɱ֮£ִ֮ܵǰսȷѿޱȡ
Ⲣһɫܹ̤ƴģ
һλԲѵľ۴ۡ
أħվϵдᣬӰҲһȳڵ۾صĿֲ
ңһ۾ؿɱȣ
Сһۣ֮ڵ㡭Ѿ޿⣡
ĮУħһưһֻɫľ޴צٿȻۡ
צĪɫۣһִĴһ̽ǧؾֽ˲䱬ݡ
ԶԶһ֮̽˼䣡
Ѱһ
һεӶз˷ķֲһ类籩ϯɣӿһС
䣡
⽣ٿ䣬ʮأ֮ɢһֱĵƣǼľȻɱ֮⣬Ѱ˿֮ľʹ̶ҲҪɱһ裡
ǡĽ
罣ģһ֮£ɿգ
꣡
ɫצбǽһȻըһնƬأ类ݺһ޴ޱȵĺ蹵
ں蹵ľͷħۡ
Ҫܣ͸ޱȾȻһɱֻܱȥӲ

˻죬ٿ䣬绯һͷ̫˺¶ӴޱȵƣͷţɫԣҪȥһ
ħԶԶ͹Ѱһ֮ҲѰһʼûд㵢ʱ䣬սپľģ
¡
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ͼѰһѹħ۵ĵֿҲһŽ޾Ĺԣըס
գħ۷һŭʰ˻Ӱ񲻿ظ㣬ֱӱ˳ȥǰ˺ѳĽˣѪ죬ǿֲĽϮȸش
һݺˤڴǰڱѪɫɷף˴
һâȥشһλشۣ
һĻõ顢η硢ѪƽϹŶɫһ䣬ͫЩš
Ϊһ֮츳̡ɶͬѹ֮ħ䲻̤Ͼ۵;ҲԶԶһĵ۾ؿɱȡ
ڣȴһֻе۾صľ۴ۻܣһش䣡
ɺܿ¡
ѰҲǲЩ⣬ͻƵ۾غսɻɱ۾ؾڣħ۽ֻ˶ѡ
ɴ˿ɼһΪĴ֮һȷŵơ
ţһҲԥٴնһ
ৣ
ӳ֮Ѥãļµһٶ֮죬ѴﵽţԾµĵز
һ׷£ᴩʱ֮
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ˣȷӦŲգǰԮ̽ػһ޴ĻԲӰ
ۣ
һնˤڵصħ۵ͷ­ֱӱն䣬ɲͷ­׿գͱۻһԲӰ֣Ӳնͷ­ѹ䣬ħ۲ϡ
ˣ۲һ亹Լʱ֣һ̺Ŀֲܽħ۵ͷ­촷ۣԪĨ
ҵʱ䣬ְħˡ
ͬʱη硢Ѫƽλۺԥ֣ɱѰ
ͣ
ηɫУƥѪɷ죬ŷһѪɫɽХѪȹ꣬Ⱦ쳤ա
𣡡
Ѫ޳Ӱգ˸ϸָ֮䣬Ȼֳһڻ񶦣񶦸ֳͼڣ棬з֮ޱȱҡ
ϣ
ƽͷѪһ˻ƽꪣһֲɱ̺ˮǷɢơ
λ۾أһλ۾أϣͬҲǿƿֲ֮Ѱ̤۵۾غ󣬻ǵһ˼л
¡
ط鶯ǰĵĿҫ۵Լ㿰ƾ
ȵսǷ磬粻֪ٵɽӡٳǳأ
ҲҿǰĹϽƸǣõһ۾սನõ˲ϵĻ͵
ѰûƴһĴ㣬ΪҵúʳԾѵ䣬ĿܽʱɱսУ
ͼһλðԼӰٿӳ֮֬䣬Ŵìɱս
أ
ҲѰĵ֮һ
صսжֲһĻĻҲѰЩ
ͼ
ʱ귨֯һ˴ìһ̡

ıУƽеĻƽȻ̵ñ飬ŰУ˵ì֮ƣ麣ʺ
һ
ӵŵ۾ΪƽۣǱһì̴ʺҲ룬Ѫ¡
ƽη硢Ѫλ۽ŭĿԲֱԼ۾
ɲǼ䣬ƽˣ
˭ţ
ѰҲ̾ȫžѹս׾ɱһλ۾صۡ
֪Щ֮ͨսҲɱ䵽˲֪εȸߵĵز
һҲǣһܹŮɱĴڣһڹŻܹϽŮӣһܹ֮ϳǰ
ɿѰɱȣ
ضһзƲɫȻӶìӰһΣɱѪۡ
ˣ
Ѫۺԥȫǻ񶦴߷£һĵнƴУ񶦶ʱĺӿֳ޾Ļ淨ꡣ
Ƭأȼյͨ죬ɽʯľض֭Һֲ
ǺεȴڣӶììӰأǵأ챼ϮĻһɨա
Ѫǰ߾ͷðҪʱ
ۣ
ϸ֫ìɨضϣ޼᲻ݰĿֲͷţõҲ˲䱻ûȻ𣬳
һλ۾شڣҲصһ֮У
ѪڷںǴԼλð޳ӰѰ
ŶֲΪܰ쵽һ
ҲڴʱѰȻƼʱĽ;ηƵ˵һ仰Ѿ̤һˣ
ʱأص˵ͷ
Ǹ羿ʲô磬Ѱ²ȴ֪ŵļһ۾شڶ׷ҧȴĽﵽľ磬֪Ǻεȳ
ʱشŭޱߵ˻۵ըףԿŭ
ȻƽѪλҲ֮ǰΪħ۾ܵĪ̼


2246 ֮
꣬Ѫ糱
ظһƽۣնѪۣǰ󲻹ָѣò˼顣
ǵȷɣ׿ȻȻ⣡
۷ӦʱѾȥѪȵһĻĻ̼ҲǳױŭɫŤ
һĵֲޱȣڸ飬ɵ۵ĽɫҲ޵ġ
ƽۡѪۣһĺĴڣǵ䣬ѿǲСʧ
ˣȫ۷˻ɫ࣬͸޾⡣
䣡
һҫ۵ĵնԶء
ԭƽηۻɱһ˲ƲΣգٿֹì˵һֲ֮ٿǷնĵ

춯صı쳹˷ƱǧսԺȻݡ
ͼսУìײԱֲɱͷųܣ½ԲɽӽԱ
زȻལ
ͬʱѰҲϵһĸ¯ͭ飬ù
һʱжϣһҫƥκ̬ĵؾŵ۱֮һལ
ֻǣѰû뵽ؾŵ۱ΨһһڵһУ
ԶҲһϳ˴ì
䣡
طìƥĹ⣬Ӳһڵˡ
˳ҲǱӰһģɫͱˡ
⧲ǣһɲһֱƿصལڴ˿̾һ־ҪѶɵļ
ã
־ŭ˦һӣʮ˸սնÿһսԸصͼ̻ɬصķ򲨶һ֣ƬضʱһƬǡ

ݴУֹʶΣĸӦҲܵ谭
Ѱüͷ壬ĸӦƬ̺һȭ
䣡
󷭹类쫷Űٿɢʮ˸˷ֲܵԴը
һȻ޷סѰ
ٿУغԼȴû顢η硢ħλ۵Ӱ
ˡһ
Ѱ˳ĿȥͼԶΪֺϵĹǽ¥֮ϣһϮ۵ۡɫеηۡԼ˴ħ۽ϡ
ɫޱȣдŭͺޡ
ǡ˭۱ȣ
֮ǰһĻĻʶѰؾԲһԲǿߣ
Ѱ䣬˭ҪҪǣѾʱ򣬰úλ峤Ҳһ
ߣ
ɫѿѰԽúԽǸеԾԲܸ֮
ĺǣ磬ɶԷȴɱɾ˿ֻܶǴС
ܴ裡
ȥĻһעȻ޴棡
˭
ΪζҷҪ峤
ɻӿͷʲôԭһΣѾ޷ѰǾʹȥ
ԶӰȻ֣ӰȻϢ䣬أһɲɱ֮⡣
Ѱ⻹ܳô
ʱһѪܵ壬ǧٿףѪƣϸȻŵ۾սꡣ
һʱžĿⶼǵɫǱþޱȣŭš
ѩͥη۷˻ǱɱϷ꣬׵ܵܣѩͥһ츳ޱȾ޵ĵ۾شڣò˶ã۾أ
ڣѩͥȴɱˣԷΪʳ
η۵ͷĿѡ
ѰҪɱϳ档
ͷʼգԵޱƽ⡣
λѱٳ£ɱҵˣҵϣǣһδ棡
ħ۴ͬŭ
ٺٺ٣еôΪζҪǴڣվ⣬Щս
৵һղѩ޷˳Уޱŵ̬۵ս
ͬʱĴҲǴѰУǵ۾صëѾֻǵץʱжˣò˶ã⸽ͻᱻ˷ǿΧ
Ѱ䣬˵ͷ
ڴʱ
󣡡
۷ĳХ͸žȻޱȵζ
ٿη硢ħλۣҲͷ
ؼ䣬һΣޱϢٿȻ˷֮أããɽ֮䣬ͬʱӿµĵͼհ֡
ǻֺ롢ʥܾ֮صĴҲڴ˿ڳ޾Ѥ貵Ĺ꣬֯ǶǺӣͷųϢƬһּµѹֺͿֲΧС
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Ƭضˣ绯һ嫵ǿգǺתĵ⣡
ѰǵһʱͲΣգֻѾûжܵĿܣΪ˷գأȫڵһʱ䱻
ӵҲ۶صεأҲעҪһϵĿֲС
ͬһʱ䣬ĸԱ
Ľ֮ѵѾɱصأЩϹŶûܵס
֪ٻȻ
Ľ֮󣬱һߣֲ֮ɱ澳ڣ
УǴĽ֮ڣˡ顱һӵĵ壡
Ƕ͹˶ֵĿ£ã֮Ѿ˴ζȻǿҲ
Щ˷ǿߣһĻɫԸޱȡ
޿ɣεȷˣΪ߸̫ãҲΪѾ겻پ顣
һΣѰǱ磬̫ӡ̫ӣһ·ɱҲǴ̫ʹ
ʼĲţڵܻŭӣõʶεĶ֣Ǻε֮Σգ
һӴһʷǰĴ
ãڽ֮õЩԭļ٣ŭޱȵһǿ߶ǰ˿
ô죡
ЩԾŴĹϣ˿ֻʣº;
֮󶼱ֵԨļһܻŴ߳
£Ǿȥȶܣ
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磬ԴΪģһ͹ϴ󲻶ϺӿֳޱߵĵԣƬضûɽ֮䣬ǰ촷һա
һɱĹϴתһ綼طҺŤױ
ǳǺӣбתǴܻĿֲ硣
Ѱһˣ类У
εҪ˼ʱУ͸޾ıЦ


2247 ͷ
ǶѭУԵøС
Щǽܻ֮
֮
ʱƵɫѾ
ȷܲ򵥣һ̣ˣԴǽޱȵıԣͱˡ
ػƮ֯ҲǴһء
Ŀ⿴Ѱ䣬ӿĵ⣬ɫƽɣδ¶κһ˿š
෴һĨŹ֣ⱻһߵĽɴ󡭡ػһϤĸо
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غʹƶһۣҲסֵĳ嶯ȥ
ţһĻˡ
ܼȺѺХֶȴѰӰ̤һĹ켣ƾʧ
ţ
غʹƽһ¶ɫʶѰǶԴı仯ɱָƣ
ҲͬʱѰƲ˴󣬵Ҫȥȴ£Ҽ£ȡ֮ƣԷѹ
˵ʱǰȥ
¡
Ƕѭܻɱ٣˷ѰɱȥܼǣпǺӣйޱȵУС
ÿһֹɱѹ۾ֲ֮ޱߣ
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Ǵֲ̫ŵ˵Ѱ·ⵣģԼֵܵסٴɱ
һ·侲ĬҲжϳ۾ﱻڴˣѱɱ
ˣҲõغʹƿǰߴ·Ѱʱ񶼱ˣû뵽ܹޱȵĴɱ֮£ͥŲƽأ

磬ӰѴ˷۶ԶԶǽ֮⡣
ЩǷֲ粻ͬĴԼЩΪһЧĵ۾ϡ
ĿܻǺӣӳֳɱĽ֮ÿ˵ɫҲд𺳣Ǿη
ΪֻԶԶعţǸеëȻѹ֣֪ǱУܵɱٸǺεȿ¡
ɱǣǵȫѼҪ֪ǵݡԼĿġ
ΡֺһǰɫᣬоǳޣֹҪǸۣҲҪǱȫĨ
ԣ͵ˣ
ηۺħ۽ҧгݣѰһɱһ·Ѫȷ磬õƽѪλϹŶȵҲֻܶڴò֮ŵԱס
̫裡
ȥһעȻ޴棬ΪЦ
䡢׻ɻЩͬΪ֪Ļܻ
ب㲻ȴʧһε飬Ȼܾݣ
ŰɣЩӡ
۵ϹŶһ¶Ѫɫ
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أ۵һʱ䷢˲ԾǱڴеѰһˣоյرܿһδ֣֮
һ·ϣûнκεֿͷǰڸֹɱ֮һ·ǰС
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ϸǽɫÿһʱ䣬ͻһصɶ㣬һһ
ظϥӰԽһž޴롣
ǲԶڷɽѰĸֿ䱦ÿһ֣Ų˼ãõ۾ۺʹѡ
ɽѰ䱦ΪһŽɫ׼ÿһʱ䣬ͻͶųһǽɫ뼳ȡӶγһĹ̡
һòӢ۵üڣףѾʮȥѱôɻ
Աһ뷢룬ɫϴݵӵԵԽ󣬾ԽױõҪģĸӦɺͲ֮ϢϣˣھƼʱһѡ
һڴˣһϳ̫Ӱ
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ʱ򣬰úԭǴ⺢֮󣬾ͽĴѪԼΪүүϴӰΪ
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һԺ⺢ֻҪ󣬾עһΪҡ
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һִͱضǣ㵹ǿԿһһ᲻㣡


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2254 еѪȺͺڰ
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üֻǣ߱ƿıԴȴܲöԸ
ӷɫ֪Һ㲮Ҫʲô
Ѱͷ
ĵҲ㣬ֻҪܹʼȳ߱۱ƿıԴ򣡡
ѰȻһ
ԪҲЦ꣬ڤǰǿչŵΪѰĸ׺¹£ϣ֣֮ܽƿѹʼڵ㣬Ҫȵĸ׺¹¶Ҫǿ󣡲Ҳ֮ͨһѪҺ
ĺЦͷҲΪʼ鷢ʮ취ʼϵҲһ񡣡
̧Ʈӣ飬ǵ¹ܹʮĿܣ취ʼȣȥӪȾѣҲ¡
˵ţӵݸѰ
ѰģϸںȻӡһطޱȵĽ졢ƣɢĽƲ
ĸӦܹط֣˿˿ƵĽƲڰˮеıϢγһϣǡת
Ѱ䣬ʼ⡰顱еĵͼССһӣȴڲͰء
ѰͳУ벻ʱš
ĺԪһۣԲһ˿ڴ
ѰŴüӿεƣϲá
⡰顱ǳ¹ֱʣʮƽÿһƽʮһСͽƣ˴˽Ӧһ齨һɭϡܵĽ
ãֻܹ޵߽һƬǧ֮µĺ
Ѱһʵĸʮλ
ĵ˵ͷӷʣѾƽ֮
һԲ֪Ѱ
ߣҴȥĺԥ̲ȡж
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ڰĵָ£ѰһʯΡʯǾǧɺˮС
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ѰĿ⣬¾ǵᱻǵȿµĽƲɱ
ʼ棬ʮĶѹڴˣ֪ܵĥεȺˡ
ѰһʼרӴ
˵ⶨ׭̵ĵƽƣȷݣĻɬ¡
ѰĸһţͲȴӴ˵˿
ݵƵʱ򣬻һЩ仯пܻӰ쵽ġԪİΣ
ĺԪһۣԥӦܿ뿪˵أֻʣѰһǡ
ڰī֭ĺˮʯϵĵ֣ħ˸͸ŻĲ
ѰȫĽԼһתһȥݡ

ĽƣѪĴ̷ҩ䣬ֱ񳹵׻ָ󣬱ԥͶ뵽С
ϸԣѰ񣬻ǵһ˿ɲϽƣӡİأֱƺ̺֮
ĵУݵʱҲеã뻹һЩȵġ
һº
Ѱ˳ǶϵĽưݳһ룬ڴڼ䣬ͻָΣķ˲䡢ҩ
º
Ѱ뺣ǧ֮أϵĽưأѾݳ˳ң
ڴڼ䣬ĺԪҲǰ̽ѰֺԳУȻ뿪
º
ˣѰӼ״̬ǲһĨЦ⡣
ĽưأѾȻģ
ţһ޷ݵƣӿȫѰǰһ󷢺ڣһӻ˯ȥ
æŷ֣Լںڵĳ֪ʱѱ˪ѩס
Ѫķѵ;ƿʱı仯
ѰΪȻóһЩҩͿʼ̷
ֱ״Żָ۷ˮ׼һͷѩҲ±ī
˿ǰĶѰסƳĳ嶯ת뿪ǰѰҰĺԪ
ĸڼĵĵһʱ䣬Ѱʳ
ʱ̫ȣκһ˿˷ѡ



2256 ޽
Ѿȥˡ
һʱĺԪһֱھȴʵҲЩš
ΪѰѾϣѰҲ첻ע޷ʼѹнȳ
ѰĻĵһʱ䣬˽ͷһ
У̲ס
ѰЦͷھͿǵһʯϵĽƣҴ㽫жİȫƽж
Ԫʱ׹͵ˣżжݾߣһľ裬ʱ粨
ҲɿЦֻҪƽͺã
˵ţȴ·
һΣѰ⺣ʮ֮ã˲֪·
ԭڣʮɢڲͬĺУ˴ңԶ
ˣϽܣҲϲܻӰ쵽ǧ֮µ򣬱
ϹÿһڵλúѰͶ뵽ݺƽжС
˵һ۵ķḻ飬ƽڶʱѰ죬ֻʱ䣬ͽϵĽưȫ͸
ƽĽưʱѰķѵʱ䣬Ѿ̵һ¡
ƽʱ̵һ¡
ֹٶͻͽţѰһ裬Ҳݺƽнڽɱͽ
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֮ʱУѰƽٶѾʼСֱѾȶʮʱڣͿƽһ
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ֱ⺣׾ǧɵһѰƽʮ
ɶʮٶȳȥ뻹Ҫʱ䣬ܽеĶȫƽ⡣
ѰЩǡ
Ѿȥһˣٵ꣬˭ֻ֪ᷢı仯
Ծѣֻʲôʣ
ЩѰ޷Ԥϣֲòĵ顣
ƾٶһЩԽָʱ䣬ʡ١
УظѰ顣
һʱˣһֱǱ޵غʹƣȱ˵ҩ䣬ѵõĻָ
ңעѰжÿңͻΪļ󣬶òгҵĻָ
ѰܹƾɱͬʱҲӵиȥƽ󣬴Ӷʡ಻Ҫ˷ѵʱ䡣
ȻصĽѰһʱ˾ϡ
ƾ
һʱһֱݺƽƽ󣬿һĵһֱڻָʱһδδڰǰʵӵȥ۾صĵ̡
ʶѰԣѡƾ¡
ΨһƵѵģ۾żһ٣̫Ͳĥ
۾֮·ǵһϣһѣһ١
£ѰͻƵ۾żҪٵıǡϡ
ƴϣ֮أԿɻ硣
۾صǿߣ岻׻ٵѪͻữһ磬һֱӴ䡣
Ѱ۾һΪִ۾ΪΡ
۾أΪ޽
޽
˾֮صĵ۾磬Ҳֳ޽ĺ֮Уȫµɱ䡣
ֻǣѰΨһҪǵģǸδơϡ
һٺľйأǹգһŲ̽䣬ǽƾƳ
ѰĬ죬ʲôҲʲôҲ롣
ֱľž˳ȾŲƣ̿հĵزų𣬺ϲ
ΨһƵϣ˽޿ӡ
䣡
֮ϣԶ񷶥޿ɲ֮⣬һɹĪĽϢٿ۶ɡ
ûнƣûнףҲûо춯صĿֲûоκһ顣
һֱݷڶ֮µȴԪķ򸾣һҲǻȻ
ɴʱѰľУȻ޾
һɹĽϢһҵϣͻȻһ֣ͲĿֲܡ
ѰֻʶȻģĺ֮أӿֳ½Ļ棬ʱޣǰ¹˻𣬽ڻС
ʱڿɽգƣȴű¹ѵ⡭
ƴУżȻʶ
һĻĻֻеĻһһݣǰǰ̹ġ
ѰľҲЩϲ򱯡ȻɬɽХ㷭
ֱһеľ󶼻õƬɢЩˣЩѣЩսĺֵܣЩ;֮˵ĹˣЩʦʦ㡭
ȫˡ
ƹһϵļС֯Ѿṇ̀޺ۼ
ԾѡءСϸ򡢰³һϤףȫʧڹС
գֻʣһƬããĺڰ
ȻһˣڰУֱ治ǰ·Ҳ֪·ںη
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Ѱͷӿһͷ⣬ԼѰٵĴ֮
ˣһиǷ񡭡ֵã
ֵã
ֵã
ĺУ˳ӿߵʣԴϲԵĿʡ
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Уһ˵ѰĬƬ̣ЦЦпƵૣΣǶлһع£ЩϤ˺Щɶӡҵĵ;ĺۼ
׷һвۺ͸Щ֪˺γɵİޣº顭ǵεεһУĵ;һ֣
޹֮򣬺֮
˰ûڡȻնϺȡᣬֺ֮ʲô
Ϊѣ
Ϊң
Ϊ㣿
һնϣƣ;֮ϣǺ
;֮ϣֵ
Ѱ֮Լġϡһ֮䣬֮֡
һʼѰ񣬹ʶȻľȻҰ
ֻһͷִģؼ
Ըֵá
󣬽޿ɻڡ
Ϊġ
֣Ϊ;
ѣɿգ޿ɸף
䣡
Ѱľһ㡰Ĺ⡱ӿ֣緮ĺڰȴһȻɢ飬ڰˡ
Թ·
Ѱڱڣҡ̣֮ڽҡǺ
һ죬Ѱơϡһй⣬̤۾֮ż롰޽֮
ִ⡢޽ģ
۾֮ǵһ޳ģ
˾Ҳõ֮أһУҲʹ˲츲صȫɱ䡣
ǧ֮£Ѱϼ꣬תƮ
һ̣ܵһɱĲ̤֮ͬ۾ʱơϡ֮ͻƣѾõĵ̺ͱأԼĵвǰδе


2257 ж
ֱãѰӦȫµľ磬ֻһָо̤޽֮ս֮ǿ˲ֹһ
ڣ۽嫣ֳ޽Ĺ֮У·޾С
ÿһѪǡƤĤȸܹһ֧ˣһһӿӿ
ľУĹӲӣһĹӰⷽ磬ӳֳһеİأޱȡ
жж󣬳ϲۣ
ǵ۾أ֮أԿɻΪһ磬ȻѰ䣬Ҳữһʵʰ磬Ӵ䡭
ֻ֮ãѰһгȹ֮󣬾ͺԥٴͶ뵽ƽⶨжС
ƽͼʱٶҲ࣬ұ֮һصҲڽƽжУΪʡ˴ʱ䡣
ΨϺҩϣ򲻼
ԭڣѰõҪָʱĵԴҲޱȾˡ
Щѹ˺ԴҵʱҲȡ˾˵ĲƸ¶סˡ
ʱš
ҴһȥѰⶫ֮Ѿȥꡣ
ڿˡ
һ죬Ѱظ㣬Ӳݵľѹһǰδеͳɾ͸Ҳӿͷ
꣬ʮϵĽƵһһ͸ƽ⣡
֪ʦԣ͸һϽǲףѰУ֪͸ʮϽ󣬲һһһݳƽ֮
ͨݣҲѰյĵ費ϵõѴﵽһֳ뻯ĵز
ֱɲóһɱһ۾Ľ
ӵ㹻ϣٻһЩѪʱ䣬ܹġ䡱ó
ܹɱĿֲλ壬ɱǿ˲ֹһ
ˣ߱ۺͰúѽĳ˰ɡ
ѰһٲɣǰѰҰĺԪ
·ϣͲڵءơ֪ͨغʹƵܵѻָ˲١
Уһֱ˯ԣ˯һڼ³еС
Ѿȫƽˣ
ѰеõϢĺԪЩš
꣡
ƽʮԱ˰ֱʵϽ
ǿ漣ٶȣ
ǡǷѾԽʼȳˣһ˿
ϣ٣Щ޴롣
ˣһʼһֱѹⰵյĺףܵ˲֪ٵĥʹ
Ȼǿһ壬ҲȥӪȣⶫ֮أΪ֪ʼһֱͽ㱻ڴˡ
ʮ֪ٴγԣնʧܸգ
ڣѰʱ䣬ϣ
ŰǼɫѰԥ˵ͷ
ʱɿĽһң˶һֳ׷ɵĸоɽӿͷ
Ϊ˸۵ĸף˺͸׷Ŀɳֳ̫̫࡭
ԪҲпƵĴЦԪĺŮ
ѰһȣѾõյˣ
ĸҴʱȲ֡Ѱһ˵ԼĴ㡣
һΪΣ
Ѱ䣬ҲҴȥŴһˣԽű֮ǵİ
֣ҧüء
Ҫıˣ
ԣ
ɵĵ
ѰɲúˣҪõű䴫У롭ҲӦøһЩӦĴۣ
һ˲䣬ĺԪѰĴ㣬Ҳһ󷭹ʶһΣѰǴ㳹׸һˣ
ѰĿ⿴Űģһã̾㾡ȥɣҲ塭Ҳýһϴˣ
˵ѱþȻ
ʼ汻ѹΪˣȴ˸ҾȡڤðΣȥӪȣԼɱ
壬Ѳǿգˣ
лĸ⡣
Ѱд󶨣ġԾϽѪǰ죬Ҳ尽úĶӡ
Ѱ峹׾ѣͲòںЩ˵̬ȡ
ʵϣѳ׵壬ôҶǿģڲĶѪעġ
ԪȻѾǾͷȥҺ㲮ĸԻȫ֧֡
Ѱ˵ͷ
ڵ죬뿪ⶫǧ֮µĺ

񵺣ӳɽϡ
ѰȻ֣һʱҵ˰ѩˡ
ǰţţ¶ưı顣
ǰѰϢ
һˣһ·ɱǰƽ֮ʮλ۾
ѪȵĻԻս˭ܲĲ͵
һսװ嶼ԪˣҡܲȻ
ǰɴӲ˾飡
Ѱ䣬Ҳõò֪Ⱥ̾Ϣ
Ŵ嶼Ϊ˱ƣ˲ѡ
£ͻȻּѰų֣ѩͰĵ𺳾Ϳ֪ˡ
ѰûзϻҪ峤ѩҵǰ
ڵϣ峤֮ȫٸŵѰʱǾϲ⡣
һѰ峤˽ãգ棬˴峤Ϣֻһ仰
ı֮ʱλǰ̡
һ
˻Ȼ£Ρ󤡢⥡硢¡ţ˴֮峤ش˷ڴ֮ϡ
ʱлɻ󣬿ɵѰ󣬶ʱ־ϲͷ·𿴵һı˵ϣҹĻ
һ죬Ѱ;Ŵ峤һ𣬽һ޷̸֪
һ磬Ѱ̣뿪񵺡
һĿ뿪Ŵ峤˴˶ӣֽһʱĽ̸
գѡѰĻǶԣ۸Ĵۣһı˵ĻᣬҲܾʹ˴

ǧ֮µĺС
Ѱغ󣬸Ԫһ̸չж
һ죬ƽ˾һ
ԣעǽʷһ죡
䣡
׾ǧ֮£Ѱ֣ѣһϸǵϽ󣬶ʱͣ״̬УɢĲҲ֮ʹ˳š
ĺԪⶫ֮¾ǧ֮رˣһݱĿֲϢ֮ǰǰѹ֮о
ѰжһһϸǵĽҲ֮һһͣͣɢΣղ½š
ֱʮƽ⵽һʱ羹Ƕⶫ֮¾ǧ֮طı仯޲
ҲڴʱǺڰޱȵĺٿһ޴ӿݼšնв
ɽأȴǿնһ𡭡



2258 ʷһ
Ǻڰеһ˲ľͷƲʲôһڵأڼ
ʼˣ𣿡
һźһɬɳ𣬡ϦǺꣿ㡭˭
ıӺȻһᣬʼˣѹڴˣѹȥʮһǧŰʮ꣬ڤ֮ŮԪ֮
һţĺڰУȻӿˮһͷӴޱȵѹ
㣬Ǳ˰ҵķӡ
Ǽɬٴ
ľͽԭίһһ˵
ڴ˹УѰһֱƽǶϵĽδκͣЪ
ͬҲѲǺڰޱȵĺˮһֲޱȵϢѹ
ɣǱǱѹڴµʼ棡

һ
⡣
ء
һãĺŽ˷ĺϺȻ𵴵Ʋ飬κˣֲɱϢҲ쫷㳯ϯ
ûãǺ֮ϣ糱ˮıսǵذӿǧʤ
ϸƵӰȻֳ˾ŴӪֱΡ󤡢⥵ȾŴǿߡ
Ŵģ̤۾ĿֲڣһڶƬ򶼱ö
ǵƣ
죡ֳһǿߣȥ߸ڣ
ǱߣһλϹ﷢Ҳˮƥ
ס񣬾ǰѿڵڣΣҲκ˴룡
һ࣬εһλϹŶɫᣬɱ´
һΣҵȸı˵Ψһᣬ˭иնģ
ж
ͳͳΧ
һһϵĴ쳹أ׺ضޱߵɱѹַΧС
ͼǷھŴǿߣȻطɢͬĶ
ÿһų·
˴ξŴ壬ԸһڣûþͽʮŸȫΧ£ǽⲿȫ
ǾŴΪ˻ýű䣬Ľ
һһ·ͻȻ֣߳һȺǿߡ
Զưǵصʱסˣ㲻Լ۾
ʲô
˭ǰҰ
Щһһ£һλϹŶЦ
¡
췭ظһȺǿɱڳһĿⲻơ
󵨣岻±𣿡
Щǿ߾ŭӣȡ
УףԦ壬һĪҲӣҲû˸Һԡ
ǾŴ壬ΪĹ£;Բ
һȴǲֱɥĲ
壿һ浱ջһ
ǣ
Щǿɷȥиһʹ졢Ѫ֮С
ǰǾʹӺһʹҲֻ̺˳ӣǲٰ֪ܵۡѵǻ޾Թޡ
һǻԹҲҵйڣױˡ
̶䣬Щǿ߾ͱԴֱֶѹһһܡ
ͬʱⷢľ䣬ҲѾһˣһʱ䣬ֻȻŭŵ˷
Ŵ徹һǰð˭ǵĵӣֱǻˣ
죬ȥЩϣ
ᷢ飬ǾŴ˲ɣûһǾŴĿܻ֮أ
ˣ·Աȫ

쳹Ϣٶдõһȫˡ
һͳԦ£װ㸩䣬ɴӲ˴ľ䣡
ǣŴ忴뱻尡ϹŶЦţͲŴС
ԹһֱǣƺƿЩ˶Ҳһ룬ܹӴ˭Ϊǳ
ᡣ
³Σȥ̽һ£⾿ô£ԱǾŴ˽⣬ûһЩ̣ǶϲѰ·޴ж
üԸ
´ͬʱЩϹҲǶ۶ȥ
Ŵѱ䣬ǿߵ
ͬʱҲʶһ˳ȥһϿɾ浴Ȼ޴ˣ
ЩˣܳںԵɣ˲֪жпѹѪϴҪ֪ȻǾŴ壬ðһҲѪĴۣ
ƢϹŶҧг
ǰһѰɱ磬һԪˣɨء
²ʱ꣬ΪĹľŴ壬ȴľٶ
Ϊһ
żͨʮ·αƿУǾǽ߷ͰΧҲעɱ
һϹɫݣŵĮζǾãô˻ᣬӦȽˣ

һӣһϹŶ׹νЩг䵱ϵĽɫ
ЩϣԾŴ壡
ֻǣЩһϹŶӦһŵԶԶ
棬ˣѰһǿɱ磡
ʲô
һڻڴеϹŶһΪԼˡ
Ѱͱ߱ɱ
ô£
һϹﱩȣɫɭȻ

ͻʱѰҲչжߣֱ׷ءơġԪ
һ̤磬ѲʱΪʮĽѱõý·Ҳ޷ԡ
ߣȥɽѻ磬ҲȻǱ
ĵȴ·Ϥ
󵨣˭Դأվס;һЩǿ߱ȳ⡣
Щǿ߽ӡĽɫҲˣѰǶԣֱͲۡ
¡
ѰûᣬͷųĿֲѹͽЩǿһһѹ
Ѱ˺ѳգŲƶȥ
۵糸Ųƣһ·ĽɫֻҪǵ۾֮£ȫûκ赲ͷӦĻᣬֱ񱻷籩ѹ㣬һء
һЩԶԶһĻǿߣŵòԺֻʣһͷ
֮磬д䷢
վס
أһı쳹ĵ۾Ϲգɢơ
ֻǣѰģ߽һ㣬һ𣡣
Ŀ⿴ΪѰ·İʱλϹǳɫ䣬ʧг
ô㣡



2259 ߱棡
Ѱĳ֣ߵ۾ﺧȻš
ĵĻع飬ǳԾд벻֮Уô
桢ɺ㣬ԭ㻹ǵҡ
εĺ⡣
ܸڤУ׷¹һ뿪;У桢ɺһǿߣҲԶչΪ׷ɱ
ĳ޾ŶĻɽڰͷ
ã촫Ϣ
ʧɫͰɺһ𣬺ԥҪӶݡ
Ǿ°ģǾѰءƵˣ
ǰʱһȺ˿һ·ɱ˴֣߱Ǻֱ룡
ңѰһ˻ŵϢĹϢ̫㤣õʶ˾Ƶء
վŴǰðܾͺѰһйأ
ΪҪӣǺҸ׺󣬲ǻҪͽҲ𣿡
ɫ䣬ԥˡ
ƲǻԹޣƴƵģȫѰϡ
Ѱᵽ˰ֱ޵顣ʱԼһνϽּϴķ壬γҲּĴϵ˵ĵӺʹѹ
ڶпᵽݲκһ˿ʴȣ
ڰĳֵͬʱԪҲˣɱǸء
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ش߶ìƥķâɨԶУӰ˲䱻У
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2260 ʼ֮
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ʼ泯ǰһģӰ͵ֱͦһ˲ھпֲڳоѡ
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2261 ໥Ю
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׾ң
ףҵȣ
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2262 뾪
úĽڽɫϣѪ͸ŷ
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ǰú¶û뵽֮ǰƿصĽɫڣͳ˾䣡



2263 ֮
ϣغǻɱսң类ϡ
ɵʼ澾ġ𡱵Ϣʱɫ΢΢һ䡣

Ӳصһǲһеأ·ȥ
սìӶȥ𣬾ǳɱȥԵޱȷ
ٶȿò˼飡
Ѱ֮죬ҲѶá
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УԶɱҪ

Ƴȥ޷ŭȥããѩ׵⣬浨
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ͬ޷ֱӱõ˳ȥƺߣôƶɫ䣬Ů˺ÿֲ
ҲǴһץסᣬìɱ۵һٴζǵ塣
ȴȻЩƣսìݺͶȥ
䣡
ձ飬ݺƿ
һ֮עǱѪޱߵֲ֮
˵ĸоϲ֮Ͷ֮ì
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֮У
ΣյѰѵǰȻǴӲһ
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ۣ
һսìѱɱѵȴʼ棬Ǳ߬е
һսìĻǽʣһƲлֱ飬Ȼը
ţʼ淢ƺߣǱģӰҲǱսì˺ѿѪ
ѰԶеֵһ

սìͶкݺݵײն𵴣˵һɳȥ
޲Ȼһ̫ǿʢͿֲл꣬ᴩʼ壬ѰĶлɣ
ˣ
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¡
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ΪڽɫڵԾѣԼԾѸеĺӣ
ˣ
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һĻ˶ɫ䡣
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ԶǷȲʵļС
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ɱɫ䣬ì֮ɱǱܵش峹׻飬ѪձŽͱֲĵĥһա
Ǹţɫķ񲻸֮ɫȥһĨȻȡ
޾µ׷ɱվδԸԳҡĲʡ
һͳҲ֮ȼջҽƮɢ
š
ǵȥ˶ظ޷ƽŮ̫ˣһпֲ޷
ڣ֣֮ӮҼܾ
ߵģһƲл꣬ʼ澾ȴɥȫһ֮£ҽжûüͻɢ

ѰϢʩչֱͨһشƼء
˲Щһʱ䳯ɫȥ
ȴǽɫ䲻ðȥȴ֮УǵɶҲ϶ġ
ʱԪ򸾡ءҲһеĽɫ룬ɫ졣
֮ǰһսĶǡ
ɻãúˣˣ߱Ҳʼѹ
µĽƺ̫
ֻǣʼ̫ˣ嶼ɢֻʣһ꣬·ʱȥ
ɬҪˣǰܼʶλɣҲС
棡ı
ѣģѹʵѾԶ
ʼγȻģԺҪƹܺ顣
ƽƽһ仰ɻζȴܲ򵥣ΪһΨ峤ƿ飡
֮ʼǽһ峤
ɫ˸Уʵҡ»и֮С
ʼЦһָѰˣ㻹һŮԺ󻹻һڣ㹻ˡ
Ŀǽɫ룬ºͶƽǺܾѪʵѵÿɹҿɺڴԺ֮ͨһΪһλ𾴵
֮⺢һᣬֵˡ
ͳȺ͵Уõ껯Ĺꡣ
棡ıг
ţؼ䣬ӿֳѤõѪ⣬͸ʥҫ۵ԭʼϢЩһӿɫС
ۿɼǽɫõޱȵȻŹӲһֽɫգ渡ֳһߵã쳹
һ˲Щдǿ߽һĸӦͷ·һϵѣǲһľη
գĹѪʧеĽɫ룬ǻʺ֮ɫڴȻǿɶ
ѰһˣһʱͲԾѵϢޱʢ
Ծȴûдӳ˯ѵףǸеĺ
һסĵıˣҪģξӦøõʼıԴѪʱǺӵ֮ա
ᣬҲ˽Щ
Ѱʱظĸ뿪ʱ뽫ߡ
ĬƬ̣յͷԡ
õ𸴣ѰˣĿһɨȴվǣĬԣһ߹ȥ
ôˣѰʡ
̧һ峺ǳѰԺΣգҪٵǰˣô


2264 
峺У֣ء
Ѱзӿ˵ů⣬ãҴӦ㡣
΢һġ
֮ǰǵвѰǰشҲ˺һ
ǵһĻѰΪҪһеôѵ֪ԼԣжҪ
ҲԼ̫ûãѰԼڵΣա
ֻǣЩ˼û˵
ԶԪ˿Ѱֿ˿Īһ̾ǹˣĻῴѰĹϵһ㣿
ֻǣȸϵ飬Ҳö˵
û취뵱׵۹ҲǸԺˡ
ԪĿ⿴ģѵģҶ֮Ǿ츧ƽ棬塣
ĵͷˡѰأڴ˰ɡ
ĸôƺһжѰæ˵ţһһװĴϡ
ܻСӣʹǲ
ѰڣЦæһ·սƷƾѡһʲôȱΨȱ
壬ϲղر½֪顣
۾ʱϸɿһˣȻʢǱΪһ⡣
˶Ц
Щ죬½Ľƴ򿪣һ㲻ص롣
ѰȡʮŸ죬⣬ҴϢŴ壬˵ڳЩӣһȥǵݷá
ХսۣСȴȴˡɧһǴӦ
ġԪʹһ뿪ɽ
뿪ǰЩ֮ǰսιȥ̫Ӻ͹ǡ
Ҳȥ˵ţת뿪
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Ѱأϥأһóҩˣһ֮ǰǲһҪɱ㣬֪ΪΣ
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չֳս֮ǰӣ˭޷ס
ȴƴŸ˱ɱҲҪȥɱ̫ˣ
ü˼ǰĩصʱ˵ԴϣһصһΪصõܹڼһ߼ɱ䡭
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ѰͫԴһѵǱǿеġ
Щ˭סʡ
ٿա˼ã֣˵˽ԳΪɡ
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ھ֮ؾۼԷһ־ӡ
ϸ˵һ棬Ҳֻٿµһս֮һѣ
˵ʲô𣿡Ѱ
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Ѱ˼˿϶ǺйأŻǱǰ
һ뵽˶֣Ѱоһ󷭹ǵ۾ؾ۵еĿܻ᲻ֵغͿ£
֮غͻɬܹش֮أܹʹ޵һδɱ䡣
ıʣֱˡ
νƶӶŵһ;
ֻǣֻ֮ǶԷӶԡ
޵У֮Ϊɬصģ޵ľϵɱͻƣʵϣɱ
Ϊɱ䣬Ҳ޵ߵ˱Ҫƶ޵ߵǵǺѰ쵽顣
֮йı仯Կɳˡ֮
޵У˴ʱһԿؼΪغͲĥϴ
ڣƷӡ̫˼ˣ
Ѱƿźʱﵽйص츳ͨʶ̫֪صػ޾鷳ͷ粨
뵽⣬ѰĿ⿴涣ӽԺ²Ҫٸκˡ
ͷ
Ѱ˿ƵģʼǱ޸ơ
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ƿܹݺıԴΪһЩһϹŶƾ飬ȴܶЩϹŶһһѹ
磬ѰĻһһŴ󣬾ת뿪ҲǾŴǷ롣
ܿ죬ֻӶ죬˶ĽƲͨͨҲ±ӡ
Ѱǳô˵һϳı̤ˣ
⣬䶯Ȼ𣬼ЩϹŶɫ䣬𾪡
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˿ϲЦ
ֱبδ֮£˭󣬳£һֱ߸ϣ֮ϵ壬ᱻһ̤ϳ
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ߣߣϢȥ
ǿܡϲãõδ
һžŴأҲǽϢѸٴȥ䶯һǰȻ󲨡
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Ǽٵģ
һֱףûܹ
£ܻᱻΪһǿ̤ƣ
Բܣ
ԽԽϢɢڴӲű˽ŽɣֱŸȥһ𾪹Žµʵ
𺳡ܡϲҲɽ㣬粻ͬĽ򡢳ǳءȺ
Źţȴû˸ҳһƮҡ֮˷ˣû˸Żû٣һƿصĵ̡
Ͼһͳδ˽꣬װ㲻ַǵȶľη裬ӡС
һʱָ̣ٹ̵ľηı䲻ˡ
۵ĲɢйѰ֣Ҳ㣬ÿһ䡣
һһ飬ȴȻΪ΢壡
ٲԸϣ֮λҲעӽնı䣡
죬ЩūȫˣѰװĴڣһҪΪЩǺɾ̫ˡ
һЩϵȺ޲ڵһʱϡ
ѰѰ֮ңϣ
ϲۣڸת
һЩֲĽУ֪ЩϢŮ٣ӯѡ
ʮΪū޷֮յɣվˣ


2265 ӺͳԴ
ӿȻ󲨡
ѰԴ˻Ȼ
֮ϣǱĴ޸ơ
˴ν磬Ѿȥࡣ
ң뵱ѹ壬ɶڴϻ̫һˮʶƽű֮ء
Ǳ磬ɽоȳ죬ϤɻϵĻһ·Ѫɱ
ǧ֮£ʮڿƵϣΪ۾صͬʱҲĵõͻͽɱ䡭
ֱٶɱ磬ۣ֮֮գս֮ܣǾĶǡ
ãһжѾĻ
ˣĲлҲ𣬶ʦеѾԲɡ
ңѾԾѼ棬ҶѰԣԾѸеĺһľϲ
һ뵽ԼѾҪףѰкؼԼһЩ˵
ǺӽŮԸ˭ģúÿô
Ϊ˸ֶľ
һ࣬żеĽɫ룬żҲһڱĿѰ
Ѱ䲻˵ʲôڼɫѰľ΢ı仯
ı仯֪ԾԼеĺѰУޱҪλá
ϲӣȻڣ峺
޸ƵѰһЦǰû֣ڲŲкԺ󡭡ǲһ
룬᲻Ҫô
һ仰ѰǣӿĪ͵ʶԼƺǹĸܡ
ôʣǷҲǵԼ˾Ѻͺ֮󣬾ٲˣ
һ˵ӿѰͷ涢۾˵Ҵûҵ뿪
һֻҪ㲻ߣǲ뿪ģһӶᣬΪ
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뿪㣬ҵһƬڰŻȥû˼ˡ
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ҵССֻһˡ
Ѱ֮ǰҵһƬڰ㣬ҵ˹⡣
ӦңԺΣʱҪվǰˣô

Ѱ̲ס˻УѰģⱲӶ뿪ңҲᡣ
ñµľϣֳһĨĵĲЦݣǵƻðضȻʧɫ
ӲһҪ˺ǻĵŮκŮӶǿҲһսĩء
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Щ飬˵
شɽܿܿӲ⣬Ϊ磬ֻѰһˡ
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Щ£̲סͷȥ۾ȴ峺ǳƵУ֮ɫ
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Ƶı飬Եúܴȡ
һӣѰˣ̲סЦЦ㴭
֪νŮ֮£ȫһŰֽʲôҲ
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ҪһӣҲ֪ΪλЦü
ȻһͼɫҲһ£Щ⧲
죬סĿ⿴Ѱ͸ʵζغ̸˽Ļ⣬е𣿡
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磬˵ζѰûش⣬ֻתĿ꣬Ҹ򡱡
Ѱٸвģȥһơ
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أ
ˣվ֪ԼƤ϶һƬϼƵͨ졣
ɿǿ֪øԼеޱѹŮúýһˡ
ţУȷǸŮ
˼ãزſĿİޱȵ˵Ǻ˽飬Ҫţô˵ء֪ڡ̩ɣ
֪ʲôϵĪǻҪӣ
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ʱóģиֱɺԽԽԺƺΪ֮£δҲ̫ͻɬһЩ
գطˣûˣУѰ޵ҧһôܸһɾŮ̽˽ܵ飿
ֱ¹ޣ
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ȴΪȻصͷԣһʾѽ㣬ѾϺӣ϶ˡ
Źֵλѹ㲻ԴףǼʣǷŭ
ɻʣŭҲģѰûֵҷŭУԴʲô
أ
ףΪܹڻѰˣؿ㵽ѰȥŮһ𣬶Ͳ
ؽ㣬Դ𣿡ʡ
ЦƵĸֵҳԴף
ѰأʣԴʲôֻͨصĽĦһ³Դ׵ĺ塣

͵Ц٩ʱۿųɳģãһΪһСһԴף
˵⣬ƾһпԼ̫ã֤֮ϳĳɳ֤¹µķɣҲ֤Ѱ𡭡
ƺ
Լ۵ģƺֻѰһˡ
֣Ѱͨؾһص龰صҲû
µѰȻѾһСһˣǹ񣬼亱ľ۴ۣڵ;֮ϣŶһ޶ĿֲǱܡ
ĴڣܿܿУԸ죬񻰰ˡ
뵽⣬ӭɻڲԺ϶׵ģ˴మˣŻʲôгԴ׵ζ
ŶһƺˣƺʲôҲûס
ûٽͣ飬עҲܽġ
ͬʱѰҵ˴ơ
ƼѰ̽еСӣֻҪһ׮컯



2266 Ȼ
ƺ˷ܣоǵ㣬һλʤ̵Ľ
Ѱ̲³⹷϶ѹε˺ñ
ƣ㻹ǵõǳʱҶʦζ𣿡Ѱƿڡ
ƵʱСӣǸ컯ˣȴ˵ſűҲ̫ˣ㣬ɲϵ
ЩڣױµãСӶˡ
ѰЦͽһ׮컯ұɣҲȻҲ⣬ȥҿ϶Ҫʦֺúһġ
ܻûģ̫ûˣ
Ѱһ㶼һڵӡ
һĥ޲ҧѰһڣջǰ̾һԹóһ
һ͸ƿƿһƵĽɳûǿգǻ貵ĺ
ССһƿһǿ
ǻɳѰȡ
ƵǴ˱۱ñһȻⱦҲۻ籾Դ֮һ
٩٩̸ڱƵģǱ緭˸׳죬СⱲӶѼ
ѰźۼƿЦеƣô˵Ӧٺñɡ
ƾθɣСӣǻɳѾˣٲ֪㣬ɾͷˣ
Ѱ̾һЦŹֵȻȥʦʱһ棬úøл
ʲô
ǴҴƵ״
ĻѰ֮жʱһᣬ˰죬͵һҧ׳һãЩˣСٵôߣҿɾ漱ˣ
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ǵȼֵȫ޷
һѵǽһıһһɨˣѹε˶ñ
ѰҪ˵ʲô̧ͷһ粻˴ƵӰȻǵԼ̰
ѰаֻһԴͿȥۻ籾Դˣ
ĴԪѼľᡢɣ
ĸϣϢɫ̫һˮǻɳѼȫ
£ȷֻԴˡ
뵽Ѱһ¡
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ҲѰ΢־ӡԼ޾һ
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Ԫ򸾻ʱ䣬һ׵Ѫϴ
ЩȺɱڤ۵Ľɫһ飬ЩԸͶϵˣ򱻰һ棬£ΪЧԼ¡
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Ĵģһ̯ӣһҪָĵλƣעһޱȵĹ̡
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Ԫ򸾻æµʱѰһ뿪硣

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Ѱյִյ˸ֹصǾŴ峤ɫ䣬顢غ;η
ǻп޵ĳɷ֣Ѱغ;ηȴģһ̤ѹȵһͷĴڣѾ㹻ȥȥأ
Ѱɫƽλģ֮ǰӦ飬ĳԲʳԣű䴫Уҿһһλ
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ֻǣһѰ㻰һתһĳȴòѸλ
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峤ɫѿֵѣһӵеĵ̱鼰磬ƾһˡ»Բ
ĿҲѰ
ԼǰѰ֮󣬻ǽֻǽű䴫УȥϷһ
ɴһʱһʱµһʱٲȻһֻƾ׸ķǾŴĿܲģ
ȴѰ峤Ƭ̣ھʧ
峤Ǻ죬ֵѣǺ⣿ѵ֮ǰ˵ʲô𣿡

Ѱ䣬վһǵذĿֲɱɢ籩㣬ݺݳײ峤ϡ
峤ӰһҡΣɫ䣬͵תΪеֵѰҪ𣡣
䣡
Ѱһƴ֮սܻɱ۾شڣȥ͵۾ص￹⣬峤Ų۾ΪĿܵסˡ
һ峤ֱӱշ˳ȥڴ֮⡣
һĻ޲ɫ䡣
סѰǸı˵ĻᣬҲǸж˭ҵôߣմȾһЩմȾĶҲҲȥһ⡣
Ҳסңǡ𣿡
Ѱ˵գ¼нű䴫е򣬾ֱ뿪
ɫ粻ǺǾŭգϨȥϷһ˼
װһѰѹЩ壬ĿܳܵסѰŭ
⣬峤ɫѿ޵ݣѾѣȥѰа˼
λɣѰҪһ£ǾŴǼҲﲻ𰡣
˳̾糹˰㡣
˽Ȼ



2267 ۳
ֱĳȺ͹峤ĵλŴ峤ŵ֪ԭѰǰĵŮ
һʱ䣬Ŀ࣬ѡ
ҲǴʱ𣬾Ŵ峹ϨȥһԿ˼
ЩǺ󻰡

º
ѻָƽ
еĽɫ룬ɲзɱļѰȴѾ뿪Ĵ㡣
ԪͰĽѰȥѾͲٶȰ
ĸʼ汻ȳ˰زưոݣѽʮԺʲôΣգֻҪɡ
һУѰѵ
Ц˰ĻֻҪ飬Ҳκβ塣㣬Ǻýһ·ǿչŵ
֮ǰѾѰ޷ٷǿչŵȴͨɻˡ׻Ƶ·ء
벮ĸָ㡣Ѱ
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ĵɻʼ֮ͨĹϵĪ棬ɻһãԺͱ˰Һɻһڳʱԡ塯Ϊա
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Ѱͷ
ĵ뿪ʱһһŷһϣӦòܾ㡣
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Ѱͫ΢У֪ĴڶԴ˰ҵ̬ϣ˴Ĳ
˵񻹲Լı۱ȥɻһǿȥ롮񹤵塯˰æ
Ȼ˵һϣ񹤵¹ϵ̳ʼ̫ʱšʡķš
ѰȻ񹤵壡
ֻƺţ֪һϣԲˡ
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ǰѻʼıԴѪֻҪǵͿԴɫɻԺ󡭡Ҫúƴĸӡ
ѰѾɫ밲ڣԣԥͷӦ
ĸܿɫʱзĿܣѰ̲סʡ
ҡͷǵÿѺ͸еĺӺʱؾѹ飬Ҳ޷Ʋ⡣
Ѱ˵ͷΣֻҪɫԼϣ۾ѺǺӺʱܹѣȻһʱ֪
죬ѰƶڣԪķ򸾵£Լһ뿪硣
º
հͼָѰڶһλ棬ҵһϵĴ
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Ƭɻһ
ˣɻ˳ҲһֲȺ顣
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ղѰӰƾո֣һܣӰƾһͽǧˮС
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ѰѴ̽Լ֪һУҵһҼ۳ǡĽ紬
ɷãǴѰһѰÿһһ·δʲô粨
ֱסԼͥԺѰʱ˼ж
һҽ紬۳ǡ
ɻһأλ۳֮һ۵У۵磬С˽硱
ûָûҵͨ˽ڡ
ɻһǰ߸ϣʱɻһĺᣬһֱܾ۳ǡ
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һЩ棬ؼһһֲ˼á
񹤵汲̾۳С
Щ֮ͨġ񽳡ʽľӪѽ۳Ǵһơ漣ǡ
ֹǳعģҸŸֽųѺ֮ǡ
ɻ磬۳Ҳǵ֮ġµһǡÿһ춼Ų֪޵ߴϺ
紬ܿȥ
˼еѰһϡ
лĻͿʼԼı۱
ʮ
紬ʮ۵ռ䣬ϰٸλ棬оյصִ۳ǡ
¡¡
ڽ紬ϣһȵܹٻС
ѰͷӣͼһƬӿĻڴϱڣˣ۽Ļ棬յһƬͨ졣
Ƭ̫ˣޱ߼ƵģзŵľܵĻ棬ˮ桢ӿУҫŹͷ׵Ĺ⡣
֮ϣһǣһƯĴ½ǳ֮һ۾ͷ
ɣ۳ǣɻ˽һǣ漣ĵط
һ̾𺳵ӽ紬ϴѰһ紬ϴ˶ǵһǰ۳ǡ
ûã紬콵ڳǳǰһƬտ½ϣѰһп߳
ΡĳŸĽƣܹеĻϮУǵеȣˬ֮С
Ѱǽһ޴שʯȻϵȵϽɣӡŷܵĵͼתܼȡһƬеľҹҹش͹̳ǳصķ
ǳļ̶̳ȣȥ͵۱ˣټǸǵĽסһ۾Ĺȫ´ࡣ
񹤵ֶεǺܲסѰһ˿Ȼ
ѿ񹤵ǽǵһƣ
ڳңֻݴ˳ǵĽܲ壬һĵ۾ﱻУҲעꡣ
ܿ죬ѰջĿ⣬ȥ
нֵͨ˴Կֺ롢ɾɫ۴αȣӿһ޼ʡ
ֵĦ࣬ɼԸ鴩УԵúò֡
ȻΧͣ¾ʥˡ׼һĽɫҲżʡ
۾վϡ֮һ·ϣѰҲֻӦһЩڵ۾ϢҽݷڲͬУδ¶Ӱ
һ޴ıǰֵ;˷׷ÿ˵·ÿɫԴ𾴣Ǿη
ΪǱϣӡɻһͼڣһֻɣԡڹеɻˡ
ⱦѰʱشһ͸ųԾö
ֹӣ


2268 ȵľܾ
Ƿɳ۵ıȻֹͣ
ͼһֻ֬Ө׵޳ƿĻ̽һ续ľӣ촽΢ţһˮ͸ڵľȣ˽ֵһѰ
Ⱥзһ󾪺Ӷ¶ޡ֮ɫҲϳݵģе죬λӰճڳУ
ͬʱѰȻҲ⣬ȹ
ȶʱЦҴһɨܣѰֵֹӣ˵
ѰˬӦֱ߹ȥ
˴ǰ۳ǣҪѰɻһˣܹȣҲΪʡ鷳
ֻǣڵǱʱԦһ겻üкâһС㡭
壬ֹҪõѣʮĽ飬ˡڴ
ѰƬ̣ŵͷ롣
ѰЦЦΪֱϱ
ǰУܿʧһֵĽֵϡ
ֹӣɻ˽磿ڣɢ޵㣬һϲؿѰ
һϮǳɫѣѻɫĳһ٣Өļ
ǰȣ羲ţǣһֿչ
˵ʱһյΪѰһ裬˫ŵ˹ȥ
ҿҲû뵽ͼ㡣
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Ҵʮ꣬ԼǾ۴ۣҲһλ׼۴ԲزĴˡ
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˵⣬ʹͳС㣬ͨǿչŵ·Ҫеλ̫ϳһ֣һΣ¡ɲð졣οڵĴ
˵꣬Ⱦʹϵ壬ضԣš
˵գЩƵĶѰ˵ҸߵˣЩһ̷ֱߣֶĻɱϡ
ѰЦЦ˼ȣǲ鷳£
һգգ۾Цɻ˽ĵ̣ʲô鷳£
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λӣСϵ飬һ˿ɲ岻֡
ٶ𣬡ΪС㿼ǣҽھ뿪óΪ׸ᱻ뵽Ҫķ粨С
ⷬƽѾǺܲ
Ѱüδŭ˵˼ֵ鷳
ӣЦԭΪúúдģûдҵˡ
˶٣ƽ˵֣ϵ鼫鷳ǲǲæǣɻһͰ׻Ⱥ飬УҡֻѰ
С㣬ʱ޶ˣǵøϽ̸ʱϵԽãСӾ͡
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Ѱһ̾ûټ֣˱
֣һǸǧĪ̲ס͸⡣
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ζݵ꣬ʲݵؽ
ѰԭأѰѣԹ۵ĵ
ৣ
ϢأӰƾʧԭء
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ͬʱһְֻļϣõһʶҪ֡
ֻһͱνɫ䣬ѣǺ⣿
һ۾ڣգۼȴˣ̫£
ԱߣֵֻѰ
һִںӼͷһ߳Զȥʵ֮ǰһ·ڰ׷һΪʲô
ѰǱʱʶоͲһ·һֱڰβ档
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䱻ܿ侲УŲҵݣ֪ȻԴҡ
͸в޿֡
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һ̣ӾԼеԼ类һֺֻݺ߬ס˳
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ӵʱ׹еޱȵĿ־塣
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Ⱥףǰһڣʧȥʶ
Ƭ̺Ѱ΢Уü
ѾõҪϢ
񣬵۾Ϊһǳ䵱Ľɫ׷һλС䷨족ǰ۳ǡ
֮׷ȣΪǰЩʱȵĵܵŪһ䷨졣
䷨ԣ֮ڣò⳥ͽȵĵܴܵ
鵱Ȼ򵥡
ļУȵĵܵı̸ʲô屦ҲֵǮ
䷨֮ԻʦڵĴȵĵܵܣ޷ΪǰЩһξϣܾ䷨׷Ҳסʲǿ
ֻǣ˽ЩĻѰЩ⡣
ɻ˽磬۳Ǹɻһĵ̣һһѣŵȥ۸һλɻ˺᣿
Ѱӣ겻ϴߴٵԴǣ϶飬ϲܾˡ
ҵҪвʲô粨
һţѰչжһȵıʻķ׷˹ȥ

λǶһޱȹϵĵԹֻɻһĿˣʸסС
ƬҲ˭ܿģ񹤵岼һפǿ
ֶֻΣѰУֱͬ裬ȫͿӡ
ûãѰȻǹϵĵ֮⣬δ̽룬ǽʶϢɢ˹ȥ
ʱڣѹ֡
ڴſһ࣬Ȼһˣڴ롣
䵭ź⣬ϵīӣѾˣҵܵأ


2269 ı
īɫһͷɫӰأǣһɽӵİ
䷨죡
һ֮һ׼ԲΪһĸš
Ŵȣ䷨Լռȣ޼ɵشļ塣
ֱӿֳŭ֮ɫЦſڣģܰȻһͷ˿ûֻǡʲôң
֪ҵܵıֻһʯĥɵ׹۸񰺹󣬿Ҳֵֻɻʯ
˵ţһóɻʯǱֵԲˡ
ɻʯ
κ׼۾ԣѿһʲƵĲƸ
Աϯϣһ׷ѩ͵꣬ɢһɱ塢ơ
ˣ߳ǡ׹䷨ѵͷ⣬֮ش󣬸ǶɻʯܹΪɻʯ
ɷ
׻һһ׿ɱҲһλֻһ̤ϵ۾ҫ۴ڡ
һ֪̾鲻򵥡
䣬ֱӵ˵ɣǾҪʲô
䷨΢΢һЦǰζأ
ޱңѾ˼ͽֻ뽫ҰռˣĿܻ׵رŮ˵òͷԣ
䷨һе̰ͳȶʱʧ͵һŮˡ
˵ţλϣһ˵ɻһ˲һһֵѪҲҵԭֻҪӦԺЧңھͿԺܵһ뿪
һЧң
䷨ͷԣЧңҲ㣬ôҲǾһ򣬵ɻһ⵽ʱͶϣҲˡ
ȻȻñ䣺ʲô˼ɻһبĿʲôѣ¾䡢׻ȺһҲ޷ɻһʧ
ɻ˽磬ɻһƿأǾװĴڣ
䷨Цˣζ벻ţνʱˡ
˵ţָһһöɫӳƯǰǡ桯֮ѣӦЧңͽڡ
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ɫ䣬棬ųƿԼڵ۾УҸûа취ޱȴͿ¡
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䷨Цڣ棬ؼһһıϡһĽɫʸ񱻴˳ƿأ̫˷ˣҲֻй绪֮Ըô
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䷨ЦȥɫĮӹһ̿ʼ£ɲ㲻Ӧˡ
ȻѹޱȣԱϯϣɷ͵ϸһĨ
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䷨̲סЦʲôʱˣ㻹Ǹĵܵܣʵ㣬µĵһ죬ѾŵøεѣͶˡ
ʲôɫ΢䣬ⲻܣˣ϶Ǳñֶαȵģ
䷨ûнֻͣ֡
ʱһĵ߳һ꣬ɫɷףɫ֣̿߳ǹڵϣ䷨ߵΣվĿ⿴ȡ
ʱѴǣ⻹Ǹ緢ĵܵ
ᡭūϥܣ
㣬䷨˵ĲֻЧҲܻŵùܵң͡ϽͶϰɡ˵
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ȥ䷨ƳһۣȻڡ
ǣˡתҪߡ
վסȴУȴ׽㣬תߡ
ͷһ䣬壬ȥǸ£Ҫ壡
ǣһ·Լ壬˿ȴδж
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һϮ۵һֱվڴſڵĵط˿̼Ťͷ¶һĨЦݣС㣬ǹӵľɲûдϷ֮СҲúǹһһ䷨Чҡ
׻ͫţ֮׹ߣ䣬͵ʶ徹Ҳѱˣ
Ͳ巢ֺ󣬽ˣŭҡ
ԣƤЦݲЦС㣬δʱѾĨһкۼСԵ޹ʵʧһʱ䣬ҲỳɵϷͷϡ
ֽűʶһıѾãרΪԼ׼壡
ܵǱˣҲˣڣֵԼˣ
Ŀ⿴䷨졢ɷǡҪʲô
䷨ͰɷһۣЦ
˵ˣڻͶϵĻᣬɻһʱһпɶˡ
䷨ƿڣգȲʤȯңѾ߲ˣԼԹԵ棬ǿɾְֻܳˡ
˵ţĿƳԶһۡ
嵱ǰɫᣬɭȻС㣬ԼɣϷ֡ɻᵣ˵ģ
𣿡
ͻȻ֣ҪǰƯĳѻٵڰ;ͱۼֿ赲һưȼϡ
䣡
ɲɢȻΪ޷
С㣬ֻϷˡƤЦⲻЦǳѣҪȿȥ
ۼһĻʱҰһƬ
ͬʱ䷨졢ɷж¶ƵĲ֮ɫһӰֻҪƿأǰ裿
Ժз·뵽಻棬üٺʹء
ɾڴʱ
ৣ
һƵĵƾһųѵ֣۵һն䣬ѪʱٰŽ
⧲֮£巢ʹҽУɫҲ֮ˣڱܰ㣬һܿ
һ㱣ѾһĻͻȻʱҲЩš
סŤͷͼһϤľӰ֪ʱѳԼߣ忡ϣһݺƽͣ԰ȫС
Ѱû뵽ҡżƸп˵
ھսУѰɲֹȹһΡ
ֻû뵽Լɻһĵϣ͵ܵܶ˵ʱ򣬾ԼģȴȻѰ
ͬһʱ䣬䷨ͰɷɫĿܶʱ̣뽫Ŀ⿴˲Ѱɫȥ
ڣûˡ
ѰºͣȼҲңҺԼˣȿ¸ûлӹһ١
ԭ㣡Զնһֵֻ循ŭڡ


2270 ıѾõɱ
ѰɨһֲۣǱʱ϶ƵƵֹҺһȴԭѰػģˣã
ৣ
ðεĵն塣
ལ
˽µľãΣɱȴޱȣһĵ۾Ȼܲ˽ΣգҲ޷˽Ĺ켣
ɫ䣬תȫӿֳһȼհĳɫۼס
ۼף
ı۱ƾ˱лΣա
ལѰɱȣ
ͼ
ལһն֮£ǳۼ׶ʱѳƣһը޾Ĺꡣ
ۣ
ͬʱ屻һնΪʿǺƵƥ궼촷Ĩ
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ǵѪ𺳵һĻ䷨졢ɷɫ䣬Ҳסˡ
ǲֻǾ׼۾Ϊ뵽һλ԰ĵ۾ֽ㣬նɱ
ֲ̫
ȶ촽΢ţʱԭһǵ۵ˣ
˭һҴ£䷨ȣֻɫңɫζ
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Ųϵһֳֹȣ׷ԲԵ߸ֶһӿؼ䣬תޱȡ
ߣ䷨ʱ˿ɫľһɨգ䣬ҧ˵˵ɣ㾿˭ΪҪִ¡
Ѱÿ䷨СɫһۣĿֱӿǰ׷ԲԵߣֲøⱣԭһ۾صϹ໤
۾أɻ˽磬ѿĴ߸ϣ
ѰУȴһϹ
񶼱зʮ겻ѰϾ˺εȾ˵ɱ䣿
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۾֮ж£㶼ɱһ֪ߵغĵ۾أ
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ʵϣ۾ȷסɱϧѰɲһĵ۾ء
ͼѰҲͬһĳ赭дȻ
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ѳ״ǡ
һɱ壬ڣһ۾صĴڣҲѰԵ˲ȫ߸֪
ȴѰǰ׷ߣȻ˵Ҫ֮䣬ɱ𣿿ԼΪˣ
׷߼̧ͷž֣֮ǰС۲ʶǰǰˡ
ˡ
Ѱָһ׷ߵӰɲǼҷɢһա
ৣ
ͬʱһģӰƾո֣ץסŵ̱İɷҪƾŲƶߡ
ͻһĻδѰ⣬෴Ԥϵ㣬ȻڣΪ֮ǰûвĴڣ

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ģӰӰˣַԭأͳѣ˴ˣ̫Ұ׻һɲưոݣ
ӰһŮӣǻ԰ɫɱƿֲ֮
۾أѰ¶Ȼ֮ɫڰ׻һУΪλӦòˡ
ŮɫĮԣξǵġ
ѰЦҵѡܼ򵥣ɱɱҲɵ
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ѰѺȻལһԼ֮ɲնİء
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Ѱ㻹𣿡
ŮһƲʲôͷһϢأϰ°طֿ类նϡ
ţٵѪкѪȹһĻ̼ûŮϴ䣬ҪУֻǰһڣҲ˲Ȼ顣
ԭڻŮеİɷͨһѪУǹ̵Ѫ򾪿ֶĽʣҲױ
һλ۾شڣڰ׻һУҲλȨصϹŶεĴڣڣ⧲֮£ͱɱˣ
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ϣ
ལѰһҲ״̬еȣЦǰ𣿡
γƵһΪأ
ѰӣЦһﲻ˾뿪
˵ţչж䷨졢ɷԼƫеȫֽһ飬ŴȻ뿪

һʱ
һջС
ȻıΪжѰ˼
֮ǰѾ䷨졢ɷ˽ѻ꣬õһЩƴĿĵࡣ
ǰõʱ򣬰׻Ⱥɳһ֧飬ǰɻ˽磬ǰݷɻһ̽һЩ֮ˡ
ʵǽΰݷãɻһ
ԭܼ򵥣׻ȺǷ£´ģǱ˰ң
ֻǣΪҪѡʱԸɻһ䷨졢ɷҲ
ֻǷ£ףֻǱ˰ҵӡ
ǵУȴѰõһмֵ
ٹң˰ҽһλǰ
°׻ж޷Ϊλ˰ҵĴǰվˡ
Ѱһ󾪲ǳʲôԭ򣬲Żñ˰ҲϧɳǰԸɻһ
֪ЩϢò԰ףֲǸ޿ֵ£ԭⱳб˰ҵָʹ
Ѱ֪ΪҪԸ壿
ü˼ãҡͷҲ֪ܾǰɻһͶϾ˺ͱ˰ҵĹϵ˵õʱı˰ޱȷŭҲ֮ⶼȥˣ˰Ҹòỹŵ֮°ɣ
ѰĴУʼѡ޷˵ؾԼĸ૑ܵ˰ҵѹ
ɻһ䲻֣ҲΪ૑׷ɱ飬Ͼ˺ͱ˰ҵĹϵ
Ψ䡢׻Թһֱڱ˰£νĹ
£ɻһͻȻܵԱ˰ҵɱ٣Ұ׻Ҳһ䵱ȷ棬˵׼ͺ͵ɻһġѡйء
Уұ̸壡Ҳסˣس
Ѱס


2271 񹤷
ɻؿѰֱѰָָԱŵǣ͵طӦղϵ尲Σ⡰Сͽˣ
ҸղŲ̽һ£Ҳ档
ѰѾ䷨ҵƽ֮
˵ţһݸȡ
֣лˡĵĸмǸж
һѰȣԼ³Ǻε֮ҡ
㰡ǹҡ
ѰԽҾջʱţʲô飬صһʱҡ
һҵܵǰδеů⣬ѵĺǻ͹ģ˿̵Եøеů
ѰȵļЦǧϴǰ鷳ˣҲˣ۾صĽɫҲһ֮С
ҧҧˮĴƹƵģȻ쿪ۣѰһ¡
һɲǣѰ嶼һܵһԣԭǿԶ㿪ģ֮û㣬Ҳû뵽ȻͻȻԼһӵ
ȺܿɿϼһˮʹԵøĽġ
Ƶĵ٩֪˾ѹҶ̲סϲˡ
Ȼɱ룬ֻ뱧һ£ʲôͷġ
˵ţԼƺоЩʵǣתҴҶȥ
ѰǼأԲһƵķ㣬ЦЦԴ֪ҵ˸סĻٶ밡
Уһ˿ꡣ
ɻһٵգѰһˣҲðȻֽȥ
пܵĻһλºٵı˰Ҵ
ˣ۳Ƕһʱɡ
Ѱϡ
߳˿ջ
ǰɻ˽ʱ˵񹤵һϿһʼšʡĳƺš
ѰҲ뿴һܷô˻ᣬԼı۱ˡ

۳ǼΪɻ˽һǣޱȵķ͸
ɻһµ񹤵壬Ǵ˳ǵƿߡ
ڴ˳ǵĲֵͬϣܿС񹤷ƣ鲼ǳС
񹤷񹤵Ķ⡣
ܿ죬Ѱ߽һšʮźšǵ񹤷
ɫ㣬Żֺĵ̹ģеĹ̨УŸʽıĿԡ
һŮǰΪѰܡ
񹤷ȳ۸ʽıҲרŵĶƱһʲƵĲԵĳһλʦΪԼ
ǰǱʮź񹤷ĶѾھŰٺ֮⣬ҪƱɾҪȴһʱˡ
ŮȻҲԻһЩɻʯרŵʦΪ񡣡
Ů˵񹤵Уλʦ񹤷ڣѰĶǶȥӣֻЩԸ⻨ѴǮĶ
ԣѰȤҪһ۱ҪѶټǮ
ŮһѰʱˣǰȷҪƵ۱
Ѱ˵ͷ
Ů˼ʵܹƵ۱ģ񹤵еʦǰҪȥмǰʮ񹤷һ⡣ֻҪǮЩʦĳֶΣǰʧġ
ѰŻȻԭʮź񹤷ԶԶûƵ۱ʵ
ѰҲûñԼƱ۱񹤷޷ʶһ´һ衣
ʵ֤񹤵ĵ̣ȷһǿ
һʮźŵ񹤷ѣŵŰٺ֮⣬֪۳񹤷һÿһҪƳٱ
񹤵һֱֱ̬͵춼ڴһϵ裬벻ǿѡ
ǿ˽һ񹤷˵ˡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣뿪񹤷
ֱԺѾһЩԱ۱Ĺ˼ֻǻҪнһơ
Ͼ۱ǺԼϢϢصıһʱʲô©ע޷ս׷ӳ
񹤷ÿնܹƳʤıЩ廨ţɫɫԸ
һӺ
ʮ񹤷
ע֡־񹤷ѿ񹤵ĺصأֻӴһЩĿˣһ˸ûʸ롣
Ѱݲ⣬Ϊ⣬һչ¶ǵ۾Ϣ󣬵˳ؽС
רŵһһͬ
ǰҪһʡòԿƶˣһϮüɫȹѣī٣촽΢򣬱΢¶ֹ̬޿ޡ
ԳҦҡ
Ѱȿһ
һ·̨геıһɫǵ۱Աɬǡ
۱ƷƷƷƷ
ÿһƷַϡСס
ǡƷŽס
ľƷ۱
Ʒ۱ǣ顱Եޱˣɳǡع屦
Ʒ۱ֱ۵˼ǿӵѹһܣ紫˵㡣
ȵ۱Ҳ紫˵㼫֮ϡ١
ѰҲ֪ٵ۱ԹൽƷ۱ģȴ޼
Щ۱񹤵ʦƵģѰһߣһǹ̨еĵ۱һɫƷΣûʲôı
Ѱȴ֣ÿһ۱ַԿƾ䳬һɱȣһЩĹ˼Ҳ۽硣
ǡҦҹ

Ѱһ䣬ʱһ
µĵĪҲ
д޵ĲãͼһŮӣ֪ʱѴԶһͷȼĳӨʤѩӰԼһǻԡ
Ҧæһ๧һ¡
ԭŮӱ񹤷ʦ֮һʮ񹤷ˣ䣬Ҳ񹤵еһλλȻ
ʧ֮ԶѣѲص档еѰЦһԣʦʦȺԸ񣬽Լ֮Ը
üֻ֪ʲôСĮ̄еĵ۱ֻǿ˵ķۣ
ȻѰǡۣΪˬ
񹤵ʦɻ˽綼Ӻ֪ǿǿĽأȻһЩĴҲÿ֡
ʦĵλ
䲢һʦƳĵ۱нټ֮࣬һֳ뻯裬˲֪ٵ۾ġ
۾ǰ񹤵ʱרҸԸΪ˵ȴʱ䣡
ʵѰԭһЦ֮ɼ棬ʱʶ޷ܹȥˡ

ԴӲ񶼴һŭ⣬û뵽ѰҪһϸԼһ
Ѱȴŭ˼Ƭ̣˵Ӧһ޷ͻƵƿ
ʱһ㶡


2272 ˲õĸ
ߵ۳ǴĴ̽˭֪
ѰȻһЦһ֪ĿǰƿѾһǧҵʱ䣬ֱûҵͻƿİ취
͵һѿڶ֪ģ
޷ˣ񹤵ڣҲûмܹ׼ȷ˵ƿʱ䡣
ڣȴһһƣ
ѰЦЦָŹ̨һڷɽ۱עʱǧǰҲǴ۱ʼʱѿʼһЩµĳԣͼͻһϵ衣
ŻȻĿ⿴ѰʱѱòһȻΪ֮ͨǲһҲϲܴһϣͿƳϸ΢
¾ʦϸҲѷ֡
ǰȴ쵽ˣ
ȴѰԹԵһڷɽ֮ƵЩһԿƾƷĶˣһģȴнƫļԭڣĺϣʵʵͻƣȴܹΪͻƣ˼ѪҲжϳƿûͻƵԭڡ
һ˵ǣɫ𲻶ѰĻ
ΪѰԣһ㶼û־䣬Ծ׼ʿĿǰһ
ԱߵҦңˣλˡĪһλ˲õĸˣ
񹤵ĵλ֮ߣһϵ֮Ǳ˭
ڣһȴͨ۲Щ͵ƿ̫˼ˣ
γѰѹڶԴѰʱѴغ;⣬ʵմ
ֵԨ
Ѱڵ飬ĳȸˡ
˵ţҪ뿪񹤷еıһһʶҲջ񣬸
ȥ񹤷ʶʶ

æѣ֮ǰ飬˵ѣܷƬ̣л
˵ţѰ΢΢ϣ֮ɫ
һƵͷڣһ˶ʱھ͵ԼƿˣҲܸԼָ㣬Լлƿ
ҦŴͣɵˣҷģһμ˹ضԴһλˣ
ʱ¾Ǻ绽ĵ۾ǰҲ𾴵ģ
ָ㣿Ѱһ˼
ɫЩڨڨ̹Ȼͷָܸ㣬ͻƿֻҪܹĴۣͳͳӦ
Ѱ룬ɣȴȥ񹤷һ
㲻ǴӦԼˣ
Щ׼ʹӦ֮
߰ɡ
ѰЦЦȥ
æϣಽ
һĻĻ۵ףŮҦ񶼱óճյģҲλǰķɡ˰

־ź񹤷
˵һĵ۾һǰʱڴ˵صʦΪɻһĴ٣æӭӡ
ɵѰЩɻһ˭ùޱȽһ·㣿
˵˸ղһӦǣ
һＫƭӣ
˭֪һϣɻ˽磬񹤵ϵڶ˸ҵһ
ڣȴͻƿϣһϣֱǻ
첢δҴǲɫشѰһһѰͣʵ֤аƵ
ֱѰ־ź񹤷ıһһ֮ЦſڣֵѿƵЩ۱Σ
ѰȻƳһۣͷ
ֻǲ
ۣҲһ͵伸һģһҲӿһ˿ưķŭ
һеĲˬֵܷϸһ
Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ȴѰЦ
ȻԥѾЩȲҴѰƭ˵·ˡ
һϵ述ƾտۺƳĵ۱Ժܲס
Ѱÿڡ
ЦٿҲûãһ˵һҷǵƭӰϷ
ϧѰ̾һеҵϣһϵ裬Ҳͽֹڴˡ
ҵϣüǺ⣿
ѰָŹ̨㿴ЩԳֱ֮ʣÿһƷࡢϽһޣͻƺ͸ı䣬ҳֳǧƪһ֮УֻζţһϣǹʲԷ⣬ԽԽԺҪͻƺͽȡǱȵ컹ѡ
һ˵첻߳ŭܻʲԷ⣿
ѰΪȻЦЦ㣬ǧƳһͻƷϽ׵۱˵ƳһܹЩ̨еĵ۱ʤһı
ʱƿԡ
ǧ꣬ʱɲˣҲֻƳˮ׼ĵ۱ѵǹʲԷ⣿
Ѱ̾ϲͻƣѺΪ֮
˵գתȥæȥ
֮ǰһĻĻ۵ףѰȫͬԿһѪޱȫ˳
ԭأԭѰΪƭӣ㲻źۼؽнҴ
ڣȴֱð亹һֱ˰ǹ·ȫܶ¶ĸо
͵طһֽУֵѣȵȣҲæ׷ȥ
׷䲻һЦϼһ֮ǰɹŽɣڲҲԼһԹ׷ˡ
ͬʱѰˣʱ򣬿ɴû˵ɻ˽һ
˭
Ϊλӵ˸Ī裿
˼ţһ˼ְ˺񹤷
䡢飬Ȼǳͨ衣
ѰһοʼЩڹ̨еĵ۱ʶ㣬ͨһ·Щ۱ַԼãҲѰ
ԺԼ۱ƣҲ˸Ĺ˼
ѰҲջ֮УоС
ֱش뿪ǰһ񹤷ʱȻڵ
ѣ˵صɼף񹤵ϱʦһ۱ǷȤȥĦһ
Ѱһ𣿡
֪Ƶ۱ȱʱɻľǱš
ȻС
ԱߵЦ
˵ţȴ·񹤷ȥ۵ͷһСؾ硣
óһӣһŻͱϢش򿪣һ롣
¡
ؾУȼһ۽ӱʣػˣ֮¡¡
һڹϵͭ¯۽Ͽգɢž˵
ͭ¯ǰϥһ뷢ʲݵߣ˼⣬ͣüͷأ߶ʲô
ʼգǶûע⵽ѰһѾ߽


2273 ͵ʦ
뷢ʲݵߣɼס
һĻѰ졢䶼Ƶ۱ɼˡ
ɿһ
޾޷԰εɼ׶ʱһ£͵Ťͷ˭ǽģ
ܻ͸ŭ⡣
ɼ֣ιŭҲ²£Īˣ˵ܰһ취
Цȥ
ɼ׷Ȼһûʲô취ҿǾϷЦģף˭ôһ˽ҵĽأ
ˡ
ɿ촫֮ǰ¼һһ˵
ɼ꣬Ҳһɣɿ˿䡢죬ֻܽɻѹĵס
ŷģ¾ƭӣҲһƭӿɱȡ
ѰûЩһؾ磬Ŀһʱͱһ۽֮ϵͭ¯
أжɫ
ʱɼǶ˵ֵһų뻯裬֪ܷΪָԻ󣿡
ѰĿ⣬ԡ
졢䲻Ȼԭǻģɼ״˾٣ԵЩðˣѰ졣
˭룬Ӧˬ졣
ɼ׹Цֻǫѷһ£Ѱָ㣬û룬Է˴Ӧˡ
Ǹоͺұ˴˺ѿһ¶ѣȴƫƫˣͺЩˬˡ
ǺãֵѿһһδƳεĵ۱ߣƣܼʮϵĵ۵ƣ
ɼָͭ¯ڿڣһת߳Σ¯ڸ˸ҫ۵ϼ⡣
Ʒ۱ϡСףΨӵʮϵĵ۵ƣܳƵǡƷϽס۱
ȻɼҪƵģһƷϽ׵۱
ƴ˱ϡͼѰһߴһߣһ߿ڡ
ɼԥһ£һ˹ȥ
һ۱ƣǣ棬˴ƵĴ˱һУǧƣǾ͵ƽÿһƽҪĵͼС
ˣǰʱɼ׵ҲƳ˱ƷȴֻܱƷнףҪһΣȴͱü
ӦΪһλƣ֤ƳƷϽ׵ĵۼףֻڣǰ⣬һעͽʧܡ
κʦԣʧǺܾ飬ܶʱҲ׼ϣĵľǳʧܵĿܡ
¾ʦҲÿһܳɹ
Ƶ۱ʱʧܵļʻʱһѵĵ۱Ƴĳɷ֡
ѰùƬ̣жʱȻ
ֵѣôɼʵһȤӣ뿴һֱӡָ㡱Լˣкθ߼ˡ
䡢ҲĿ⿴Ѱ
Ѱ룬ʵһУܹضٵ۵ƣ
ɼ͵ЦСӾҿԼˣ
˼Դ˼Ϻ͵ͼԣܹƳƷϽ׵۱Ľʮ۵ƣٶĻ˱δΣͻ
ѰŶһ㣬ʱһƷϽ׵۱ҪķѶ೤ʱ䣿
ɼüһĨְԸ֮ɫϡͼ¯ǷȱֻƵĻƾֶΣŰ˳ɰܹһƳɹ
˽Եͷ˺˽ɼ׵裬֪ûп̸
ѰŶһֱͭ¯ǰ
ֵѣҪʲôɼзͭ¯е߳λ׶Σݲһ˿ƻѰ
㲻ָǾվһ߿ˡ
ѰͷҲأȻڡ
һӡ
䣡
ǷڰĻ۽У޾棬ӿͭ¯·ʱ䣬ͭ¯תϸֳͼת
ۼһĻɼ״󼱣ȥҪȥֹȴ졢ס
ϸ磬嶯ҿֵѵֶΣ¾ʧˣһ¯ǡɿ
еʶһѰֶˣϾ˵˸о̤ʵ
Ҳڣλֵѿɲ³çԴ֮Һɶܺ棬һϾж衣
ɼɫòշȻˣǵģ˵ãʧˣǵ⳥һ¯ϣ
˽ԺԥӦΪʦһǸɵйͣ
䣡
ͼѰ۷ɣʮָͭ¯Уʱӿֳµĵͼ㣬׷ӡǳεĵ۱֮ϡ
һʱ䣬ͼ꣬ϼӲӣһ־Ķ֮
ֻȲʩչĲֶΣ˽ԺһϣƵظֳ֮ɫ
ɲǼ䣬޽ǧֵͼ
ңÿһֵͼ֮仹γһĺӦɣӵԺ
Ǳ˴˶ӣԿԷɫڵ𾪣ˢˢֽĿ⿴˹ȥѾǱú֮ǰȫһ
˵֮ǰǶѰĴһЩɣǴ˿Ѱչ¶ԼĵֶΣԾͱ۷
䣡
ڣ¯ͼ⣬ӳֳ󣬾һֻεĴ־׼ƿأԵĹ켣ǵ۱С
ٿѰӰ۷ɣˮεĴ켣ָʶ
һ̵һڵƵУ
䡢졢ɼ۾ԽԽɫ侹¶֮ɫ
һĻɻ˽ЩǾ°Ͳɡ
ϾλɲѰ֮һµʦߵܵ°ӵغء
ڣȴտʼһѧͽ㣬һ𺳡ȵɫѰʩչֶС
ʵϣҲΨʦѰ˿ʩչֶǺεͲ˼飡
Ҳ֪˶ã˵һһɶ֮쳹ء
԰״̬˶ʱγѰ㣬ҰоͿͭ¯ϿգֳһɫУϼҫƥͷųֲԲ
նңƳܲסǼеܣ
ֱǣ漣ǰ嶼Ƶز
ɹˣ
ƺŸոչȥʱɣɫ͵
ৣ
Ѱһӣͽһɫͭ¯֮ȥ
ȷ˵ӦһʱѰһ£ͽǼ׸ɼף˱Σ
һСʱ䶼ֻԴ£ڸҲ̫˰ɣ
ɼæ˫ֽӹǼУһͻһ£ʧ⡭ʮ۵ƣ
һӣҲʧƵģǰȥһ鿴
ʮŵڼϵĵ۵ʱߵ˫ֶܿƵز
ǹŹª̫һӵʮ۵ζʲô
⣬ѾǡƷϽס۱еľƷ


2274 
һԶͬƷ׵ܣ㣬ͿԳƵһ֣
ƷҲζϡ١
£ѰһСʱƳһУȴʮ۵ƣԿƷϽ׵۱еġƷ
ֱã䡢졢ɼײŴʧһ侲
ֵֶ֮Σɶ컯ұ磡
ɼ¶֮ɫ
ֵѣ³׷ˡ
շ֪һϣϳ񹤵֮⣬ֵˡ
䡢Ҳ׷׿ڣɫ価Ƿĵ;ء
˭Ҳû뵽ɼ⣬ȴѰ׾ٵƳ
û뵽һҪɼ׺ķһʱƳֻа˳ɰյĵ۱ȴһСʱھͳɹ¯
ңһͬеľƷ
ϸѰ֮ǰʱõֶΣԽԽǸеޣζԺʱĥܳʱˡ
ʵϸԣѰʦһλʦǵʦĿֲ֮
䣬ԳΪʦĽɫ޿޵ʦʦþһϸĵʦˡ
ԭڣʦҪŪÿһͼİأͿͼȥ
ʦҪ˽ÿһֵͼıʰأʶȥ䵱ʦĽɫʱʦȥͼͱںϡ
֮űʵ
λܷĳ˵˵¯ѰָԶ
ⲢʲôɼĿ͹ڣ
˶ʼľ¯֮һ˵ʱʴǰ棬żȻ֮£紫˵ġĸ¯ڴĸ¯̬˾¯
ѰȻ֮ɫȻˣ
ӽ˵صһۿͭ¯ʱѰ㻳ɿˡĸ¯ϸӶȴ˲ͬ
ڲ֪ԭһ񹤵ʼֵ֮ķƷ
˵£ҵ˽һЩ
ʴ˱ͼĸ¯ߣȴ֣ĸ¯ѱ飬ʴģĸ¯һ־ʴҲһ񡣡
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졢ɼס䶼Ц͸ŽԺĸ¯һ¯𡯣
Ƕֵǰѵû˵£
硣Ѱ
Ŷ׹ֲǰû˵ֵԨԭǲ²ǰ㣬ɻ˽֮ˣ
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ɻ˽磬˲֪˲
εǣѰŸ۳ǲһ칦Ŀܻ˽Щˡ
ελͲıӣѰ̲סʡ
ͣףĸ¯ġ𡱣ӵǻۺ񹤵Ϊʡ
ѰһһƵ뷨ӿԺλ֪ĳܷһλʣ
˶һۣЩԥ
ֵѣ֪ܾ֮ǰʴ˾УЩϹŶټʴһ档
͵ҵȵǿԴֵǰʴ˱չ֮һۡ
Ѱ˾ˡ
Цʵʴ˱չ֮أڼһ񹤷ؾ磬Ƭ۳֮µĻҵȼ㲻ŵѣҲǰǼһ񹤷һġ
ѰŻȻ룬˵ҲżǻһһȥǼߺššŵ˳߹ȥǡ
һ·ܵжԱ۱Ĺ˼Ҳһ
ٶ࿴һöһķ
˽Ȼͬ⡣
Ѱߵʱ䣬ŲĹѣܴѰǵɶ컯ֶκ󣬼ֱѰΪˣиɽֹ֮С
񷣬ػΪǿ֮嫶𺳣֮ܵС
Ѱʱ̬
ߺ񹤷
˵ص񹤵һλϹŶּߡ
֪Ѱ¼õ䡢졢ɼ˵ȷźλϹŶҲǶݲѣѰΪͣͬΪѰߺ񹤷геĸֵ۱
ѰҸ֪⣬ڽ̸ʱ䡰㡱һЩλϹŶһϵС覴ãõú߶ԾڸţѰһ˲õĸˡ
Ѱǰ񹤷ʱֶһλϹŶ桭
һ½˼ššĺš񹤷ÿһأػᾪе񹤵
ÿһλڵ֪Ѱ֮ǰ¼󣬶ͳԾŽɡ
ֻѰԼͣ䡢졢ɼ׵һϹѾؽСϴԡ֤
ǶѰȡƳ̬õһ·ϹŶһĿ࣬ȻɻҲֻܰڶ
ЩѰ۵ףּɡ
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չ¶ֶΣӮЩ񹤵ϹŶϿɺ۷лȥһλʡ
ο˴Ʊ۱˵׼Ҫ񹤵İæ
ѰȡĲԣͺܼ򵥣֤Լָͣ㣬ԼһЩʱĲæ
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ͺñȴУƿʱ˵ϣǼֱ͵֮
ֱӼֶ񹤷߳ʱѰӵһϹŶ񹤵嶥Ĵڣһһͣһɻ˽Ĵʦͷҫ۹⻷
ڣһಽظѰңڽֵʱ˲֪ٻȻ𾪵
ʵϣѰʮ񹤷ʼֱڣһ·۳˼Ķ֪ܵٹע
Ͼģİ߸ŵЩ񹤷Ϲɾ̫ˡ
ЩϹǿɶԸĺܣȻǵ۾ﶼѼһ档
ڣȴƵĸһߣɫ価ǫѷȳ֮ɫһֵ֧Ķ飬벻Ŀѡ
۳ɻ˽һǣÿһ첻֪жٸϺʢ֮
ѰһĶǵһʱͱȥһʱ䣬֪ǿ߱ġ
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ӵĵЩޱȵ񹤵ʦϹﶼǹ°ӵߣ
Ϣһʮʮ٣УѾ۳һȻ󲨣
ʶѰӼֶ񹤷߳ʱʱע⵽ǸֵУΧ࿴ֵӰÿһź桢ɻɫ


2275 ʼ
ֵӰ飬ʢǰ˿
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ǲ⣬۳ǣ񹤵ĵ̣
ֻǣѰȴʹֹյΪֹǰǼһ񹤷
Ƕ㵣Щδ֮ǰѰһ·ͱ̸ͨҲǻٶõһЩָ㡣
һЩϹŶһӵɻûüѰ̣£Ѱ뿪
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һٴʱ̸һЩݻʱȻͻ᷽һЩ
ǲ֪Ǳߵ״ˡ
Ѱüб˰ڱɻһıעͬСɡ
Ҫɻһ·ǿչŵȻϣɻһʲôʡ
գѰҡҡͷ棬ŵִ۳һʱ䣬Ͳ˽ϢȻɻһ֪Ӻ֡
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˲˼Ƭ̣˵ѾͷԴȥλѣ˵Ƚһ粨󣬱ԻῪ·ǿչŵ


2276 һ񹤷
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ֱʱ˲¶֮ɫ粻˰ƫƫʱɳһǰλãͼڣ
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ڣ˲ȴЩģϢѾй¶ˡ

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һЩϹŶ׷׿ڣԺܸȤ
˼ãͷҲãλҪһЩһֵԨʲôɸ˵Ŀģҵȿɲϵ
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кڰɣֻЩӰѾˡ

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Ӧͦġ
Ѱ԰֤ѾϢ壬ѾõЩ߲ӡ
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ֵѣˡ
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ûףȾϡͿرѰţһ񹤵ǵӵ£˫ΧĿע£߽Ǽֵһ񹤷


2277 ڽ̾
յļһ񹤷Եø֣۳Ŀע⡣
ԭڣǶޱȺ棬񹤵һϹصˣǺηʥ
ֻϧյļһ񹤷ֻӴѰһˣӴȥġ
һˣֵԨʲô
һ񹤷Ѱ֮ǰȫһУһСؾ硣
ÿһ۱ԱڲͬĵƽУԵޱأȻҲע
ΪѰһ۱ԼЩ۱ʦ˭
Ѱ̩֮ȻΪݶӰľǷݴݺ̬òٵһμѰϹŶͷ
ڴ˹УҲ˽⵽ѰյһЩ¼ǳԾֲΪѰԺ
ԴʶѰһЩ䶯ǰɣ޷ڡ
ֱ񹤷һڵ۱һһͺЦʵֵѣ֪񹤵ƳЩ۱кۣ
һӣĽ̸ֹϹŶĿˢˢ˹ȥ
ѰŲæڵһϵ裬ǵһ
仰ǳġ
һȺȴӿֳ˶ҫޱȵʦƵĵ۱Ŀ֮࣬Ʒ֮ߣҲƺ׳ۣⱾ֤񹤵εȳȺ
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ҲЦԭˣ飬Ŀܾܾˡ
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˵꣬Ϲ𼱻ǵվԸΪֵѴ֣ȫ
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뵽⣬ǺݺݵһۣɿһĿ⿴Ѱ
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͸ϣд˿
ˣ


2278 ؾ
һƬֵķΧ£Ѱ˴ĳԲܾλİ͹Ħֻ֮ǰȴҪһ׼
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Ҫ֣ϣǵ۱񣬻ĳһЩ㡣
ѰǰʱӲƹ۱ĥðȻƣܻ״
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ѰֵḶ́ǶԣҲǽĦĻᣡ
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Ҫ֪񹤷ܵ񣬿ɶŵ˺ܶԺˣ
⣬ҪһЩϡ
Ѱ͵õĴ𸴣ֵֻܽд񹤵еģͳͳ㣬ûеģҲΪ֣
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2279 Կһ
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2280 ȫ
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صʦټһ񹤷֮ʢ񹤵һڴۣ
ϢλʦֵԨŲĵ裬˴μ٣Ʊ۱
بֵԨΪ˵һһؾˣ
һϢ羪װ㣬쳹۳ǣһǰδеȻ󲨡
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룬׻ɱֲ⸽ǿߡһȻķߣ


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˶ԣ̫ܵ𺳺;ҲΪʧ̬
˵֮ǰǱѰֶ۷ô˿̶ԴѰʱٲȻһֿȵƳ;
Ҳᵽʲôɶ컯ʲôȻɡʲôһĵ裡
޷Դеĸд£Ǿ绯ϺѧĶˣר־ƶ̿࣬κεķģΨ˶һЩѵñ
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ңɼֻĸо
УؾİУһصż̲ס֣ңңѰ
ܿͻʧ⼸˿ɲ
ȻǳеѰҲע⵽һĻ
ͬʱ۳УΪѰƵ۱飬ٶХȻ󲨡


2281 ۳Ƿ
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ЩϢɽХɢʱ۳ǣ޾ĶУ֪޵ΪĲɫ䣡
˶ʶһǰδе籩㣬ϯ۳ǣ


2282 һĨٻӰ
̶̲죬۳շʢµһǣͱɪࡣ
ܼĽֵϣɼҴ뿪ӰеĴˣǳȺӵ뿪
Ű׻ɢϢϷͣõ۳Ҳǳ˷籩٣ֻǷ֮ء
û˹ɻһ壬ЩѰ˶ԣʱǰĿĺܼ򵥣ıһƽУ
ʧ꼰㡣
ο׻ѱ̬ȣºɻһΪģ۳ǵģԻΪǴĶ
ɪɪ˴Ҵҡ
һУΪ˵񹤵壬ҲǲǿӲֶΣ֮ȫ¡
һ񹤷ǰҲ岻٣û˿ɽ˺ľ
ԭڴ˵ϰ֮ڵĵ۾Ϲֻʣ˲ʮˣһ롣
ףЩȥĵ۾ϾɻһˣʱĿܻѡ
˲ûֹֻǽЩ۾һһС
λΪβȥ
ǽʣµʮλ۾˲쵭Ȼڣɫ俴һ˿š
񹤷ҵȶϲ˶ʱڣͻáƷĵ۱񹤵ѣҵԹۣ
һλϹ￮Ȼڣڳһڵ۾Եͷѡ
񹤵ɻһ£۳ǣ׻ַ񹤵ػ⡣
˲ĿһһɨЦѼ£λ֮飬񹤵ˣ
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û˲Ҳеѹʶһ֮ʱעͬСˡ
ˣҲѾû·˻˲еս⡣
´ȫǣ󣬽ȫ濪۳ǵĴ˭ҪߣͳڸϽ
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˴Ҵȥ

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һ¥Уƿڣɫ͸һĨ֮ɫ
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ٹãֻȰ׻ϣǳ֮գ

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ˣڡ֡жɹǻָҹԼգͣЪ
ֱԺѻк뷨񲻶Ϸ͵۽Ƶģоʱ緢
Ѱֵ֪ĿѾﵽˣǸԼȥƱ۱ʱˡ
ɾʱ򣬻˲ˣɫһ̬أһʱ䷢飬򵥶Ҫĸ֮Ѱ
˵꣬˲ѰĿ⣬Ҫߣڻüٲߣˡ
ʱ񹤵ϹŶҲɫòѣû뵽ʱ䣬羹ǷƱá
ĿⶼˢˢؿѰ
ѰĬƬ̣˵꣬Ϊĸ׵ԵʣǰԼɻһ׺ͱ˰Ҿѣȷֻĳɿܾʹȥ
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ѰʶɻһΣǺεأһ񹤷ٲȻѳ˷籩ۣ֮
ˣҾ͸ˡ
ѰƽǰʲôԸǣѰȫԸ
˲ȻЦһ٣ڴ֮ǰСѾڴǡ
Ŀ⿴ˣֻǣǿɾͲڴ˵ذˡ
Ѱҡͷ⵹޷
裬Ҳ˰æ
ȣڴ˵Ѱ˲춣
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ڽ˻ʱо֣ؼ䣬ţΨһȼգ쾭γǳԱһա
ʱ֮ۡռ֮粻棬Ψһ綦¯ĵ𣬳Ϊ㶨ΨһͲ࣡
Ѱǵãش˻һλ˵
ô˻𣬱մزǺˣһ䣬Ը˻ǰ񣿡
ҲǵʱѰжϳ𼫿ܺĴ֮һĳֹ
ֻЩһֱ֮أҲֻѰһЩζȡ
գҾΪ¯۱ΪϣһԼı۱
Ѱһ۷ʮ۱Хʣɢͬơ
иǿͼԪǽԴȵȡ
ЩѰӵлõսƷһǿ۱
ڣѰ㽫ǳ䵱ĸϣ
Ȼ⻹ûꡣ
ѰۻӶལ޷ìӡ޷졢ƿ޿̡޾̵ơȱ׵Ⱦżص۱Ҳֶ֮
ˣĸ¯һƬͭ飡
ԶȶѿסǸû뵽ѰϾղ˶࿰ع屦ĵ۱
Եúܲ˼顣
ɶѰԣЩ㲻ʲô
ĵ֮򷨣ŽδУͬڲͬ
ı۱ȻҲˣ
ҲֻܹؽϣӶӳΪǰս
ҵҵΪͼҷΪ۵۱ߡ
Ѱһ
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һŮӣޱҫۣɢϢֱܷٻ죬Եƥ
ֲؾеһǧ棬һ̾糼ϵĤݻߣ
ΨƲܵӰ죬֮أبŲϢ
Ůȿ˿ؾŵ۱Լһͭ飬ƳһۣղŽĿ⿴Ѱ
ˣɹҵע⡣



2283 ʵָ
ʣ
һʱ䣬жϳŮӵݺѰʱЦˣ⡣
УβԷڰͶĹעһֱδᡣ
Ϊؾŵ۱ĸ¯ֺͭ󣬶Է̲ס֡
ǵһؾŵ۱ѼȫˣҲΨһһõĸ¯Դ˶
ʴѰȻ㻹һ̤۵ĴۣŷͬһĵС
Ѱ֣ǰޡ
˼ȷҪؾŵ۱ˣ
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ʵı壬ĸ¯𣬿˵ĸ¯Ƴؾŵ۱
Ѱƾ֮Ҫؾŵ۱Ҳˡ
ߣȻѾƺˡƳѰһֻۣǣ͸ȷһæ
Ѱǰȫ
ܷңһ۱ʡ
Ѱ룬ĳƳɹʱǰȻһĿȻδƳɹ˵Ҳûá
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ŵ˵һһλ۾
ڣѰȴ㽫ؾŵ۱һȥץ񷢷費ɡ
Ѱ˼ǵԿǱ۱С
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Ѱھ֮һƬĹѨ硱һĻĻ˵δ
ԭʱµġʲôпһֲá
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䣡
ͼУҫޱȵ棬ƵĻؾŵ۱ͭȫС
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ѰһУʮ۱Хһһӿ¯С
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ڴڼ䣬һ𻤷ˡ
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á
ǽҲѰƱ۱ݲñš
Ѱ˵ͷ㳹׳С
ԶҲע⵽ءơǣδ˵ʲô
һʱ䣬ؾķΧüžׯ˲١

ڻ˲ĺ£񹤵һڴһ۳ǳ׷˻Ǵ
񷸩ͼ嫻֮ϣۻΡ۳ǣſʱͷųԣ񷣬ɷ׳ۡ
ʱĳУֵռţ塣
פڳеɻһǿߡ񹤵ǿߡԼһЩɻһµ⣬ٿӰ
ҲǴɱѹֵķΧ糱ˮ㣬Ǹǡ

۳֮һƬɽС
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һĻһʱ䡣
𵴵ջָƽƬɽУǻһ֧ʮ֮ڵ޵ߴ
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ѵȺǵ桢ǬԵ˵ͷ
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ʶųǰʮ޵ߴܹ뵽ʤսеģҲЩ۾ڡ
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ʵϣһ֧Ҳֻǲӡ
ڰ׻ıУλ˰ҵĴִ֮գǶȫʱ
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һ죬ʮִ۳֮⣬ٳ£糱ˮ㣬˳Χ
һֱע۳Ƕˣĺڸȷʱ򴫱µϢûг׻ǰַɻһˡ
˶ɣɻһܷסȴˡ
ʮִδչפڵȴʲô
ɼˣ۳ǵѹޱȣɻһ񹤵ǿߣľء
ѴʱĻף׻Ұڳ˴ƣһעǰƽϢˣ
δս֮ɻһֻҪӴȥաҪʮٱ
˲Ρĳ¥֮ϣųԶİ׻Ĵд䡣
һɻһϹŶɫɱ͸ɱ
ɻ˽һĵ̣ȴ׻ǰûǷа
ʼǱߣûоѵļ𣿡˲Ȼʵ
ҡͷѡ
˲üһĨײɫһš


2284 ۱֮
ʮ
ؾ磬һӰתʮȭͷСɫͷ׵ҺţиƮҷꡣ
ˣѰظ
ѳɹʮĵ۱ѾΪҺ̬ϣ
̧ۿԶʱһӣʮźХʱˡ
лǰѰһ񣬽һһ
ѰóһҩϥأָѾĵٸɺԵ
ֱһ
Ѱ𣬸ȶղٳɣʼ
䣡
ܻΪ¯ϣͷųذϢ
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𣡡
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һеļ֡
һĻʱʣԶغʹƣԶһĨ𺳣޵ˡ
⻹ǵһμѰĵУۿǲ㶼ţһ۾صܹӵеĴ
̫ۺˣ
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Ψ޶ԣǰߴЩΪƣ޷ĵУǺεȵͿֲ
䣡
ͼѰһкȻܻһͼͼУһֵܻƷű˴˽֯
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غʹҲӣĵ뷨һޡ
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ͯӰĿһɨˣԥ֣ʼƿغѰողóĵͼеһһ롣
ò˵Сɱ飬ϾȻƿͼ˿Ⲽ֮ƿأδκһ˿©
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ʱţ֪䣬ֹȥ¡
ţһ죬ƸӦʲôһԶרѰղδš
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ڵ۽Уһ쾧ӨĵһɫȼգͷųɶϢ
Ҫ𣿡ˣļ
һֱڴ˿λ紫ɻʼӴ˵ѡ
İɣڣκ˸ŵɱ֮·ૡ

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Ƶ˵ͷ֪ˣԻȥǻ˲죬ڣϲСӳʲôġ
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ĸ¯Ҳʱ׻ٵֻһƬԴͭ飡
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ҲЩֲܿ侲С壬һȥԼ
Сԥдǣǡ
죡
ѰԴǾȻɡ
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帨һƿľͺˮһݵͼ׽ͻһߡ
һɲѰҲǽһݵԨĺɫ
һʧܣ
֮ǰһǻѪؾŵ۱ʮĵ۱ԼһƬͭ飬ɶ׻ٵ
ѰһҵҪĳ⻹δεı۱Ӳѵǿ
䣡
ƷȻӿһɽѻսìٿеߡ
һɲҷ㱻ñ飬ǻδεߣȻ
ɱһٿһеѰҲܵѹòѪ
ü両־ɫ֮δҲ̫ǿᣡ



2285 ɱ
ӿɢĽɽϢޱȹ졣
ѰӦһҫޱȵĽ׻񽣽ٶ£ÿһնǿҪ۳߳Ρ
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ת˲¯ɢļƣһ񽣣֮ʢȫѰ
Ҫǣ˴ѰΪͼ֮ΪƣǿҪ۳УһĵС
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ֱ˾һδεı۱ȴȿبźĽѣȥҲû˸ˡ
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ΣҲ޷һʧܣ
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Ѱһ񣬺ɣרĲߡ
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ʱ˿̣Ѱκδ⣬񳹵׳УȻңһ˿
ʱƣ߳Ҳһ㲻ϵõɻƣֳ

۳ǣƽ嫹ϵɻ˽һǣ˿ܵһصĹС
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ڵȣɻʼоѣһܳŤתǰľ档
䣡
ڴʱԶĳǽƴ춯صĺбƿļ
ã󣡡ֺתдһλ񹤵Ϲ﷢
һӣ˶ɫ䡣
ƽ
ԸһĻǷˣ
ɱ˱ǡ
ƿڣģȲƷһƷ׻ζˡ
ɣǳɱֻΣգȰ衣
Σգ͵Цҿ̫ˣˣǰȥɱбǡ
صķӦֱӣһԲǼԶҪƿĳǽλȥ
ʹƼˣԥ׷˹ȥ
֣ΪǵСΪǺðɻһϹŶŭ
峤ֹǣһǷʲôأɾͲøѰˡ
˽ѡ
ֻǣȻ˲ءѾ⡣
ǡ
˼ˣǽŭʲôʱˣ֣һ£ǻɻһðȥӪȣ
ͬʱҲһװĻ
ˣЩļһסˣ
죬ɱ
ɻһ˶𣿾Ů˺һ
һĻ桢ǬҲ¶Цݣ˱Ƽˣȷʲô¶ɵó
һĻ˲ɫһ粻
˲͵һ´ˣӪȵ׼ɣΣλΪɻһսǾˡţ
ֻǣû˵꣬о䷢


2286 ս
⡣
ǵӰһ֣λ۾ע⣬һʱչ
׻һǿߣֱŵ۾ء۾صΪһһǿߣŵ۾صΪ
֮ǰλ۾һ򣬱ӻһĵʦݺƽ۳ǵĽƴ
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ǽƴûƿȳһŮ˺һ

׻һһλ۾ߴɱ죬ͷųɷѪϢܰһ޵߻
Ӷһ˷컭ꪣɱء

ȴƿܵ緢Ƶģȳһצӻӳӿĵ⻯һεذĴ
ʱͬ컭һֻƵģס
ëȻð͵ʶ⿴һƵļһȴһǿ޷Ľɫ
ҪͷʱѾһ
ಣ
գۼ䣬߾ͱΣ̵һ˲֪õĵ۾׻ǿ˳ԡ
һ뵽⣬ƹӾֱ

ͬʱһֵĲҽ
ȴһĵطӰһΣϸ־һλ׻۾ǿߵĲӡ
Ҫæѣȱޱȵʳģ㶪ˡ
Ŷһͽеʬ嶪˴ơ
䣡
Զںһĵ۾ǿɱսìɾػԷļУԷ嶼ᴩѪ
һ۾ʱأͱۼֿ
ˣȾԴ󲹣˷ܵù۷
⣬а׻ǿһΣԭޱȵĹжһ̳˲١
֪Ŀࡣ
̶̼գۣλ۾߹ˣ
һܡɱ
ֱһƹð׻ǿ߽ԴֲĶ
Ů˺һԭǳЦѣɴʱǲʶʲôǿʲôпֲ
⡭
УԭѾ´գ̳ȵĻ˲죬Ҳ
ɻһ񹤵ϹŶҲĿɿڴ⡭Ҳ̫뺷˰ɣ
˸ղѣղʱǿҲû뵽ս֮ǿ
䣡
Ѱĺ𣬾ͼӰԼλã֯ķأݡ
ԶԶȥ䣬
ã
һڰ׻ĵʦɫ䣬Ҫӱܣͼһ֡
޾ӿ֣ب֮£ЩʦӰûУɲǼɢ
죬ȥɱǣ
Զ桢Ǭ뷢ȣɫࡣ
δ£ǵȳسȥǶѾصвģ赲ѹһǵжܻʡ
ϼһｻңȥɱˡ
䣬ݲǱλεĽɫϣҲûκһ˿š
ɱ
汩ȣһѪɫն޾ɱ֮
ͬʱǬ߶һսɫƣ꣬ϯȥ
߸һ֣Զܣ
䣡
սƬҡػΣҶ
˶ȻǣȻǱλлؾǲѶãȫûбѹƵļ󣬷֣λĹһһ߽⣬߽¶ޱȵ֮ɫ
Ȼǻ˲ˣ˿̵ĶǶѣ޷ƽ
һŮӣȴǣλĹ֮ʵָôﵽ˺εȿֲĵز
˽ǰʱ䷢һ飬ͲСˡ
Ҫ֪ѰһˣӲɱ˴Уǲ籾Դġ߱桱֣ʱһǸסѰһ˵Ĺ
۳֮⣬ֻǶԿλ澳ɫѣضԣ̸̫صв
ɱ
ȣŲƣзһƤëŻͻĵ⡣
飡
һ۾ﻹûüӦͱһצΣ
ǿѹ̬Ҳóһ󾪺
˴䡢׻ĵ۾ʮˣϣռžԵơ
ܿ죬һȺ۾ͳһԸơ
ȴƲϲ¶һɭȻˮֱգ԰ը
һߵƶһҲչˡԡж
սŵƨ׷ɱĿܻЩʵҲֻе۾صĽɫΧˡ
飡
䣬һ̬飬ŮƵİ׻۾ǿߣͱƴֱιȥͷ
飡
ûãһ⺷ޱȵ۾ǿߣš
һѣ˿£
죬һϣ
־ŭؼصͼ֪ٵ۾ǰͼƾϵѹơ
˵ǣͲȱΧƾ㣬һһ۾ڡ
ѪȵһĻĻֱð׻ǿ߸е
޷ȥΧ
ÿǷӵϣƾͻǿޱȵ̬ɱΧһһƣ׺һͿ
Ǳߵս˸еĿģϾĿɶһ߳Ƶĵ۾ڣ
սעĿģˣȻһˣӰԡڰӰһ˰׹սìһ޶翵⡣
ɵ֮أֱܹӵķʽ׼Ĺɱ֡
һɱȥˮ
У˲졢һɻһ񹤵ǿ߽Զɫʡ
Ծ㱡š𺳡ֱ׳ʡ
ΣҲû뵽ءߣȴǳһѪޱȵɱ¾籩
κȺеϢ;İ׻Ĵȴʱ򣬳ֳҡ̬ơ
һΣ׻Ĵųаʮ֮ڣܹóģֻʮλ۾ڡ
ȻѾһ˾Ŀˡ
ڣ桢Ǭλһǣƣ۾Դơߵɱʱе۾䡭
ŵ˵׻֮Ѿǳ׽ţӣ
峤ôʱҲɱȥɣ
飬͸ſܣɻһϹŶҲĿˢˢؿ˻˲졣
ʱɱУɿץסѵʱ˳׻
˲Ҳ⶯ͷȷλѹ¾սҲʱչһɻһˣ
ֻǣҪ´ʱȻɫһ䣬һӻȻԶ
ǼԶĵطֲޱȵϢԲ˼ٶȳ߸
ѵǡ׻Ѿ٣
뵽⣬˲һһʱдλѣо䷢ٻ
ʵϣѣڻ˲бʷʱءơҲѲˡ
ߡüδɺ͵飬ϡ
ȵġԡжУЩδۼضѳȥҲֻε뿪
Ŀ⣬Щֱּ߷



2287 
ءͻȻսõ桢Ǭһ⡣
ʵϣ֮ǰɱսʱѲ
䵱ơɱЩ۾ʱԷŭɫ࣬־£ǲš
²Ըϣƶϣ̬Ƴȥһӣ䡢׻Ʊػᱻ
ãһвδ
ءƵĳ룬ǸеͬʱܿҲ׹˼Զ
ʱսǳ䡢׻ǳеĻ˲ˣͬһط
ϦѪֵĺɫʮ֡
ϼ۳ǣһׯʥϢ
ΡĹŽʮɽӣϦŽɫƻã嫡
䣡
ܿ죬һ׾ͱƣ𶯣ɱѪ֮
ԶһƾŲƶѹǡ
һһߣڵ۾Уһ׼٣Ѳ߮ɽӣҪɨƽһ谭ޱȡ
һ޵߸棬Ƶһ羪ԨɢƣҰ˷ƣɫ䡣
ǰʮӰŮ٣һϢǿƥȻһȺ۾ڣ
Ϊ׵ģӡ
һһϮۣͫ䣬Ӱһͳɽ壬ɢĿֲɱ⡣
棡
šɱۡ׻һ峤
ԣһͷϡ裬ĿߣݺύһԱ͵ͫˡ
̣
šۡһ峤
λڸװĴڴ˿еһϹŶХ
ǵһĻõû˲ɫޱȣҪչȫ湥ˣ
һƬţġ
ɻһˣ񹤵ǿߣԸеļ£Էֲ̫˴Ҳ̫ˡ
۾٣ޱȣѰѵһοϰλλ۾ڣһƼֱκһϵͳе
۾һŭɫ䣬س٣Īֲ֮УǵƣΣȴԾ
ƽ۾ɼضߣһ䲻ȴ˷в
ڣ׻ĵ۾ڼ㳲ˣһĻֱ콫һ㣬˲־塣
սҪˣ
գ۳ǣɻ˽磬ע䶯
峤
峤
Ȱ׻һǿߣԼǬһǿߣǰӭӣɫܲѡ
ԮҲת
ĿһɨУü֮ǰսֶ
һ仰ɫԲȻ
峤оλ۾䡣һǱߣʮһλ۾䡭ˣʮλʦѡ
˵
һӣ桢̵ȸոյִĴǶס㶼Լ䡣
ô£
ͫâӿɫ䡣
泤̾һֻܽʵһһ˵
Ů˺һ
֪һУ
̵ֹ˵ɫޱȣŮ˺һǬλ
˭ţ
գǱѹޱȡ
桢̵˵Ŀ⣬뿴Զ۳ǣɫɱ⡣
˲죬ͶԸɻһһĻᣬ򣬲ֹ˳ǽ̤ƣɻһҲγ
Įڣ羪װ㣬쳹ʮ
У˲ɫޱ棬ɻһɲŴģҪƴ󲻼˭˭
󣬱˰߳ϱԼ٣ɻһҪ翹
̲ϵϸһĨٿ⣬䡢׻֮ڴˣƾɻһѻʯ۵
ˣϻ˵ֱɱ
˲Ц
˵ȴŭɫƽȻ˲죬ѾǴĿģ㣬ʼѡ񳼷оѺͻȥĻᣬ򣬱˵䡢׻岻ӦǱ˰ңҲϲʼȥ
һԴǣ쳹۳Ͽա
˲ɻһϹŶɫѿޱȣЩˣȻΪֹʼѶ
ҵ֪ʼΪ˽һ׵ɱ䣬ѽɻ˽籾Դһɡסٱ˲ƿء
Ȼ俪ڣûȴɱɻһʲôֹҵȵĹƾһƳǳأ
¶ŨŨĲм
óЩһȻбֹһ
ʱ߱ƿء顱ܲ籾Դɱغʹƶ˶ӡ
ȻסҲǺ͡顱һܹɻ˽籾Դ
⡰סȴѱɻʼעû˲ƿصĻᡣ
ҲΪΰ桢޿ֵԭ֮һ
ʱĻ˲ɻһϹŶǾŭӣ˵ɻһĵĻܣ
ȻСڼ顱ѽЩĻй¶
ǱҲǣɻһȫսҲϲöȵóԸ
˲͵һоǾȻ
ҵȿҪʶʶˡ
Цһ֣˵һĪĻ
λǱʱˣ
δ£ͼ
˲ߣز䣡
һɻһϹŶ͵رһƳ˲ıȥƴò˼顣
ͻıʣȫϡ
˭ڴʱ˿̵ɻһУڻ˲ߵλãˡꡱ
飡
ɲǼ䣬˲ͱһķɣпѪ
ۼҪϹŶܣͼӰһһɢ
䣡
ϹŶĵˣվȣͱһצڵϣݺѹ
ϣ㾹壡
˺ģ
зϳ͵Ϯ˲ģϻеһλ۾صϹŶ
˲ʱҲӦɫޱȣ˫Ŀֱ𣺡ϣΪλˣ
ȴе˻ǻףֻ˰ͶϣӴȥĿܣôɶΪ壡
һ궯ÿ϶ѿ
ءơǣû뵽Σʱ̣ɻһеһλϹŶˡڼ顱
һвûꡣ
ಣ
ͼƬУһڷɽ͵ӳ˻ûüӦʱնͷ­
ѪȵһĻû˲˶׻ʶϻе֮⣬оͽ
ʱغʹһ֣֮ƣͽ¡
ǲɻһ֮ˣ侲ĵһʱ䣬ͺԥ֡
ϳͽݣ˲ɫѿֱ絶ŭ
峤ϣ㾹Ҳˣ


2288 ٹ
峤л˲Ժ
֮𾪷ŭԸӣΪ˲Ժ峤˲׵ܵܣ
ɻ˲ԺҲˣһ־նͷ­
벻ֻһλµĵƴʦ۳ǵĽƴҲҪƿغת
һ۳Σӣ
˶
˲öͷγ彣Ҫ˻˲Ժͷ­ȴϹŶһסȰ衣
峤ɣ峤ϻǱ˿ƣɼ
˲챻ţɻ˲Ժȴȥˣ˻Ц磬㿳ұǣУɻһҲʲô𣿡
㡭˲ɱڣ뷢ŭţ۾Ѫ
˴ٳ£Ʊ᧿Σʱڲȴȷңѩϼ˪
⣬桢̵˶ЦŪͲм
İ׻ĴҲźЦЦˮ쳹ء
ڣɻһ񹤵ǿߣɫһÿʳˮû¡
ڼͽȵ˸
̾˿ԣǶҪȥˣΪβȫǣˣ
ɣ
˷ԣΪе˲ԺıѣпԣɼΪ
˲Ҳ¶ԥ֮ɫ
ߣеǰɱˣ԰ģɿܻʿȥ赲֮
˶ŭĿƣɻһ飬๣
ৣ
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˭
˲ޱ飬ÿ£ϻеԭ򣬴Ǳһ̣Ѹ
㡭ġеɵˣΪĽ޷Ǳѹ˭˲һȴԵǰѪ顣
ৣ
˸еû˵꣬ͱɱɫдźš
֮ʣɲϣ֮նԼˡ˲ɫĮһ˵ϡ
һ̣ɻһ񹤵˽𺳡
䣡
͵أ۳ܵĽƴһ󶯵ȴԭǳİ׻ĴչһֵĹ
桢̸Ϲһ֣ϰλ۾ͷųܣ̵ֱӵ£ؽԱ
۳ܵĽƴ󣬱þҷʱ
û񹤵Ϲһ֣Ҳֻάϵסƴת
ɫԽ׷׿ڣˣҪ֧Ųסˣ
˲ɫ𲻶ʵһӵܣǷѾ׵
ͷ
Ǿνˡ
һ̣˲糹׻ȥɫƽΨһϣʼϣλǷԸͱһƴɱ󣿡
Ը⣡
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ֻǣǽǳص٣羪ףƽһ˾ѹ֡
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ŵ˵۾УεĴڣפ۷һȺ뢣԰һе۾
ٿɻһ񹤵ߣҲֻλ澳ڶѣȫơ
Ȼ¾ټءߣҲģ
˶Ϊ˵һޱȷķϻʱٴοڣ
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ƾ˼죬ųɵţšҲӦÿǣơɣ
Եúû˽ŽɣֻɵĿôһӾըëˣߵû⣬Ȼⲻ󣡡
⣬Ҳ԰㡣һ࿪ڡ
ءơܷ쵽̬ȣû˲Ƕݡ
֮ʣЩȴ׷վҪһɱУٶԱȱѵϺ峤ϣܲд
лˣ
˲쳤
ɻһ񹤵ϹŶҲ
ⷴôЩ˼ˣɿȵǱˣôҲΪ˰ѰСӡ
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¡
˹ң۳ǵĽƴҡҡ׹
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ǴݶȻ̬жѪţԥһ𳯳ȥ
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ѴʱĹܵɱʹ죡
ߣ
˲һɻһϹŶҲǳ⡣
񹤵ԼһϹŶȫתάϵеĽƴ
ɱˣ
澪ȡ
ƼˣҲǽֻ˵Ѿ֪ܣ
̵ȻЦ
˵߷Ӧص˳ֵĵһʱ䣬ͱǶϣ
¡
һսرƬ붯Ÿֵ۱ϯأѤóʢԲըǵһĻֱĩպƽ١

ͬʱ
һ񹤷ؾС
׺ٲк£ƲһδƳı۱ٵͲƵġ
еʣڴʱҲеѹڰѰԿٵͬʱƣ
˽١˿ֲ
ʱҲ޷ʱĿĸ¯ؾŵ۱ʱܵĽѡ
ʱĸ¯òڽ֮£סؾŵ۱
ǵһٵԶԶûѰʱĽǰ£
ֹǿˣޱȹ죬ƲѴ˱ٵһѾͲƵġ
ʱѰɫҲǿǰأӲ԰׼͸
ѾĽҪͷܵǽ׵Ĳӣƺõߣȴٳ޷һɱ䡣
䣡
أһڳĺͼһҝĽٹ⣬˸ŹĽɹڽ۳Ρ
һȥʾ;ͷƤ飬ʧ⡭ѵǴ˵еٹ⣿



2289 ˫֮
У絮֮ٹ⡣
ֱն顢
ٹ⣬в˼Ĺ֮ٹ⣬һ֣˹մȾһенԽĨ
֪ٹȫԵ۱һ־ѣبź
ѰҲһëڽ۵Ļɫٹ⣬˸ŹޱȵϢԺ֮ǰĽȫһ
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ɹǣȴûеסֺǻɫٹϢʹͷų
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ۼɫٹͽ¯ڣΣյµʱ̣һͻأƾճ֡
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ǻɫٹⱻţͱյôѣ꣬ƮС
ʳ״סף
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ʻҪ˵ʲôһʶһʹͼһףһ߽⣬ڻΪһεξӨ͸Һ壬ӿ¯С
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һ̣ƣյԸ֮ز


2290 
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Ψ¯ڣڣԼлϼתԵޱء
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ۿˣʧأһһﾹ統ǰԵԼܾĻᣡ


2291 Ψһ
̶յʱ䡣
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һΰӣӰһ̽ץѰֵģ˺㣡

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Ѱһץͽǰ׻һĿץУͬСƵġ
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2292 ָɱ
Х磬Ľ˺ѳա
߸۾ִ֮Ӧսʱæҡ
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ת˲һλ۾ﱻն׼ƥ嫵Ľǵأʬ٣ҷ
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ô˱սֹһеõͷţս֮Ҳһأ
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2293 ӵĵ
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Ҫ֪Ϊ۾ԲزһΨһȴɱӲУȴȻеѹ֪澳ĴǺεȱ̬
һ֣һ蹵Խ
Ѱûк͵Ӳƴ뷨
飬ҲһУ
ѰХΨһ޾ս۵ļС
ৣ
һţ
Ψһʩչһ֮ȻһԴƿá
ߣ
Ӵһ糱һСƾ㣬ҲͱԾԹԹɣ
̤գƮ裬ָ̽ն˺ѣճѰץ㣬ƥɽХŷ
Ѱƽ֮С
ս۵İνĽ
̫
ɲն
ȥ޻ء
ÿһֽУѰһУѰ⼫ͷţӳֳ˺ȫһܡ
һʱ䣬ͼͻͣХǬõƬأѤöĿĽҫʮء
Ϊ棬䲻壬һʱȴƵĹǣƣֻܲϽл⡣
ĹÿһζΨһ˵ѹѰˣǿܡ
⡭۾ֱš
ֹڼɱϹǣ۵ңһĻʱҲﲻѡ
һжӶԣ޹⡣
õ棬һʱκβһ۾صĽɫȥעΪһ۵㡣
ȴսеѰȻ䣬鹭ĵôãҲúúñһˡ
䣡
ɰ׹ɵĴϣֳһɿֲޱߵϢǳ鹭е顰ȱڴ˿̾ˣһҷģճ
ȱ鹭ĪƬ֧Ϣʵʣֱһ
ϹŶĿ棡
ȥѰڡ
ȱһɨʱͿǧ֮⣬ʹһڶԿλ澳Ϲ
ԥȥ˻ûѾ鹭
䣡
类˺ѣ׼֮쳹Լ䣬ħص
һ˵ƥף
ͬʱѰһӣиֶȱһ𣬳Ǳɱ˹ȥ
УѾˣҲԼսˣɱʧѰа
䣡
޹ĶбĲԣ׿֮Ű񷣬ǳڶĿֲӰҲڴ˿̾ѡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ѻһ⣬ɱսС
ơ֮ǰ֣ҲֻܿסλһΪǱ
ȱͶм룬Ȼ仯
ȱ鹭ԶԱ䡢Ī롢⡢Ƭ֧Զɱ䲻⣬Եһֱﵽ׵ĵز
ЩХʱսֶңλ䷨ޱߣҲŵսࡣ
ɫѿ
һǱŭŲգҪɱȱڰ;ͱɱĶ赲
䣡
ӿ񱩰ɱ֮һն֮£ǵ涼ݣ¶ɫ
ô˻ᣬƺԴӱѣչ
һϵеľ󣬼գʱ䷢˶ȱеļ룬ơǱߵĴѾŤת
Ȼ⻹꣬Ѱ۷ϲãϻֶ
βѰҶѸֶƽѰģҶƴȫ
ѰͷָԶĻ˲ˣҶӣȥǡ
ã
ƮҶӰɱԶսС
ˣѰƽ
Щ꣬ѰԸֵ۱ιʳȱ֮顢Ҷǽ۱Уɱ䡣
Ҳʱǳ֣չ¶һˣ
Ѱֿ˿Ǳߵսü
µأλΧսޱȼң̸գȴֹܲۡ
С飬㾹ӱ
أһŭı쳹
ͼԶӣɫͷ뱩ŭС
ʵϣȷ÷ζըѰһߺսһ߷ȥעطսɳԮ
ֱǸûλУ
ܻǣΪ棬ƾγֺʹѹȴֱ˿̣ûܻѰǰĽ
Ե̫ˡ
ȥĻΪһЦɣ


2294 ֮
ܻɫѰЦζ֮ɫΣ־ɱ
޾ΨһϽ˲ӣҲòƵƵֻ⡣
Ψһ¯Ĵڣһйһһס
֮һԾУ˭κβ˶Է
ѰԣѾǿ׳٣ϾԵ۾ΪȥӲһλ棬ȥĻܲ̾
ɶȻ˲֪µϹŶ˵һսɨأ
ɱ㣡
ӱŭ񣬴߶۱һϼĵӡϱ׭̡顱֣ųѹĿֲܡ
𣡡
ѰһֳֶѹŽơ
ת˲Ƭݣϡ
ɫѿǣȻǼ۱ӡȴסˡ
սʱ繦δ
עһĻĻİ桢̵Ϲŭѣһ۾شܹӵеս
ֱץ
񣬱˵ˣҲû˵ĸ۴ۣܹ쵽ȵز
УѰȻһˣӲһ棬ǵδѹֳһƽɫ൱ľƣ
û˲Ҳ𺧣ĳĿѣ̫˳Ծڵ£ڣˣ
ϾԵ۾֮Ϊ͸һ澳ϹŶսƽɫǰͲй
ϣ
أһλŭȻսУһˮƿһƿкغˮǡϯҪѰɱ
һλ۾۷ڣһֱڰߣʱҲ֮ܰǰæ
Ϲһսûϵʸ񣡡
Ѱ͵ЦΨһ⣬ͷԣݺնɱȥ
һǬɫ䣬Ծ
¡
ͼƥݿƵģӲѹգӿȥ۵һֱһұն䣡
ѪҫۣһҽУд𾪣û뵽ŸճԼ˵һС
ʵǣƣһҪ

ӱȣգԭ͸е޹⣬æΪһ֮޷ѹһ۾صС
ϵһ۵ɫҵĻҲϣת˳ս
Ǹýˡ
һڳֲޱߵĵһ嫵硣
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֮ǰ̫Ϊ˻ܴӣʶһֱڡˣ
䡣
һ紫ʦһܹս죬ֱһð涼ǿҵɱġ
䣡
ӡͷųܣѰҲѹ
ȴη壬෴ԽսԽ£һɹԭʼԴΪƽĪơ
ΨһĴڣ䳹׽ʵӳԽսȼսԽԽʢսֶҲԽԽͿ͡
أѰ͵һХХҲڴ˿̺Хͱһ𣬴߶
ৣ
һӳȥ޻صġ֮
ͼһĨ⣬Ƭ񷣬ϬĿУһնִ磬ʢޱȡ
飡
ӡֱӱɳȥ
ӰһģǱһ֮õ˳
һӣɫޱȾʣŭ㱡ţƸû뵽Լȵ澳ڡᱻһ۾֮ˣ
¡
˺ѣѰǿʢһɱ޼᲻ݡ
ӵڶαˡ
У󾪺ǲڶ
֮ǰսƵƾУڣѰȻϮ֮ˣһλ棡
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ͼսУ䣬һǬأأվɽӡ
⽣âһһѸͣѹƵӶò任ܣԵΪǱ
͵أΧصλУһӰݵĻӱɱѰ
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һ֣ڼɱȴˣзһĨȻ
ն
ѰҲɱĻӣԱȫ߶Ψһһն
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ûע⵽նһɲǼ䣬һɬĵѰͷŶ
һɲӻֻѰҪƴ¶һĨɭȻЦҪԶĻһɱѰ
Ҳһɲ֮ͷš
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Ψһն£ããĽնΪ룡
Ž⣬λͨ뢡ĵ澳ڵ壬ݻٳɻҽƮ
Ѫһλ䣬ڳˡ
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ز֪ʱǣƮ裬֯ӰԼȻ
Ҳ˵ͬһʱ䣬Ѱطֱһλ棡
Ҳǿսսеһγֵ澳飬һˡ
ԭɱҵսһ̼žһЩε糱ˮûڳЩ
۵ңΪ֮
ܣɫ䣬Ŀѣѿ
λ棬ǰ׻һʧĶڵѪ
ɱ
ôʱѰɱ棬ڣɢ
ͬʱҲչǿޱȵķӰһٿ۳һսìһƬе̱ɱȥ
ѰϼĬһ棬һֻ̣Ҫλ峤һսƱؽд
䣡
ΨһԣѰɱƥĵұ㣡
ʱںͻ˲켤սһĻԥܣͲȥӲ
ŵ澳ΪӵѳʶѰǿĻ֮ɱ
ѰԲöԷܿһ޾̫ɢǵ֮ƣƬ֡
ɫһ䣬𣬻Ӷսŭն£ͼƿΧɱ
䣡
Ѱײ޾ԱŽУͼ汻һÿڱѪӰĵˣʱܵ˼ش

Ѱٶɱò˼飬Ҫһɱ
ͣ
ɾڴʱͻأһӡƾۣһհ͵Ѱ
һˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һڰߣһѾͽԭأԶԶܿ
飡
ѰһޱȵӡѪòܡ
ɻİɿԶսУһޱȵĲҽС


2295 תǬ
ҽһλһĵ
Ϊ˾ضϵ̣سƻɱԪûüߣͱĨ
Ѿǵλĵ棡
ȫǰ桢̣ĿȲпѪȵһĻͷƤ顣
Ѱִ֮ǰǻռžƣϴ˴̤۳ǣɱɻһָտɴ
˭룬ѰִһǷеĵ۾ؾ۴ۣȴһ֮սַı䣡
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̶ѣ½λ䣡
¾Ƕ԰׻ԣҲǳޱȵĴˡ
Ͼ˴㳲һҲŲʮλ澳
һֵ棬ȺµС
ۻ˲ɻһǿߣʿͳɴʱǾһѪţһɨƣ
ɱ
˵ʱʱ죬ճһӡѰ˿ٴγԶİ档
̬ëųʢ⣬ȻһΪڴʱսиͲɴʱ˭С
һλǰӡȼһһӱϮֲޱߡ
ѰΨһֵ֮Ӳм
ò˵Ψһܼ죬ƿ޷޷졢ӡìܣ뵽һڵУųҲǿ
ӲУѰɱѪԵΪǵ澳ڣһʱҲû취
Ѱ־ȼս¡
ǰ棬Ҳֻӣһˣ룬ѾԽΨһ֮Ӳ
ǰ쵽һѾǼ侪˵Ľ
¡
սеɱˣǻľ۳ΪģԲ֮أһبδеУɽӲ棬سݡ
ȥ
ûãƵ쳹ֱҪ
ͼצһɶİ׹ǹһޱȵĺӺݺҶ¡
Χǵĵ֮һһĻԥӶеɫǹɨȥ

ײŽ޾⣬ͼɫǹȻѹ䣬ǰ׹ǹϿֲŷúӰһ
䣡
ͬʱı˺ѳնѡĽǶȺʱޱȣǡںӰһ˲
ӱȣǰ糱֯ӿֳһΣӲסһ
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һĶС
һǳû
ɫ΢䣬Ϊ澳ڣһսĻᱻȾ
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˻˫ӡӿֳĵס˶кɱ
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ըס
ͫһһʱ͸ܵһΣոУԥܡ
ҲܵͬʱصӰٿ֡
ظģһƬҫƥĹ꣬Ī⣬Ǻû
䣡
˲䣬λ澳ڻҽƮ
ӴƳ֣ٵȱ֮顢млֱһƾճ֣һϵжգۼ䷢ò˼顣
һĻλ桭䣡
桢ĶҪ׷״𣺡ȥǣŮˣ죡
Ƕʶвͳϣһֱ졣
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صͣĿܻöԷסˡ
ͼӰ˸۳ս֮У䱻½أȴһһƷ
ûãͻأسѰߣַɣλðĹк
ںѰɱĵ澳һʱ䷴Ӧеֵȴɱˡ
ѰֱܴΨһѹ
䣡
شĵ棬ҵķѣѪˮŽֻʣԪ־ӳзŭĴС
ѰЩźףΪ̫ͣѵĻᣬĿܻɱһλ棿
Σλ˴֮ԺָܹҲûж塣
һĻð桢̵ϹľѾױûң߸ʧ
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Σɱȥɻʼ֮أ
淢˻֮ǰʤȯգżɴʱȴеޱȵĽȡ
ȫ۳Ǽһ񹤷λŲƶȥ
û˲пһɫ䣬ԥҪչ׷ȴ׻Ϲ
ȥɱǡ
˵ţӰ˸׷˹ȥ
ֻڰ;ͼԶλ棬һƬǰ·
¡
ߵĻй֮ŭԵ֯߰ܡ
˲ѣһͷĲҽУ˱ķٻ
λʱӹһ٣ɵһĻʱҲǾһ亹
ſǹٿ仯һޱȵٻӰ޿ƥаͨơ
Ȼʣ
ֻǴ˿̵ʣԺǰһˣһѹĴơ
Ȼ֮ǰʱѾ̳кںɻʼһУ
ǡ
͸ޱȵı⣬ڣһӳ㣬ȥ
λɫأԥѡˣղͬ䣬Ŀĸս
ɸתͷͼصӰѾһӣĶȵס
䣡
ս޿ɱܵر
ʺǰлߵսһһǿͿ£ѹ̬ƣ䣬ͽУ
ԶԶأһĻ桢̵Ȱ׻Ϲǳɫ䣬ӿ亮⡣
䣡
ʧԸӵĴ
ʵĳ֣ѹյһݣõĶ־ö
˭Ѿȥ

޾Ĳʺͷŭ˻´
ǳнʣµʮλ澳Ϲ޲һĻҳɣ׷ѡ˳롣
ӣŶûУ
ƺòײŵȴתĿܸõˣҪ׷ɱȥ
ȴѰס׷ˡ
澳ҪӣǺѱ
οʱĻ˲һɻһǿߣѸȥ׷УΪǡ
ʱغҲִսУĿһɨȫһ̾
ʣдһ˿ɫǸһ
˲˽ҡͷ
ܹɱлǸеˡ
ಣ
ԶơȱҶӡ֮ԷӶѰߡ
ѰҲɿԼߵˣδʲôҲοѡ
Ͼ֮ǰĵ֮սֱֲ̫ǺԲ롣



2296 Ա˰Ĵ
ɽ飬ǳ̮ܣ֮أĿꡣ
أǺǵѪȺ̣ķѻһƬ
񹤵ǿʰо֣ɫԴű֮ɫ
һս׻Ƶ̤۳ǣݿب֮ء
ɻһˣͬŭֱ롣
ɻ˽һΪ𣬴Ӳƽ
ΨһֵҵĻǣ˲δԸԳӴϣ
Ϊɻ峤Ȼˣ˲Ҳδ¶κǷɫᶨ侲ڴսˡ
Щ˼صϹŶǣͬˣ˲øпʲôץʱˡ
ءơҲָ
Ƕ䱻վʱģ˴׻زưոݡ
⣬Ա˰ҵĴͻ٣в
Ѿ̳кںɻʼһУǱ˰ҵĴǰԵӦԡ
ںѰ̸ƽ
ҲԹۡ
ѰһɻһĴ٣Դ૑𣬶Ϊ૑ĶӣʱѰԴ
ͲĶԷݣһеؽɱʵ
ѰЦˣԺһɱǿձ˰ȥʶʶ˰ҵͣ
һ죬ҵǺڴܴ
ǿձ˰ǿ涼ǰĵط
ţΨӵ㲻֮
ãѰ̲סʵǰĳܷ񶷵һ䣬ɻʼ桭ǷѾûдоѵĻˣ
ɻʼԼһڸʣʲô飬ɻʼɿܻô
ȴҡͷɻʼȫ˵֮Ѱɻʼ֮һڹŽ֮ͬĴ
Ѱ𵴣նǰУΪȻѡµкεȴ˾ȻȾ
㲻ض룬λ˰ҵĴﻹû٣ץʱϢɡ
˵ţƮȻȥ
ѰǣĿĻ߷ãջĿ⣬ϥ
ڻŽһġ衱ָٿ첻
һʱѰʹӴָ۷״̬
ҵ˲ҪһϣԲ߽ʹӦ
۳䱻ٵɻˡĵڣǻµıδܵϴ١
ܿ죬ѰϾ׼ȫ
С壬ˡѰڼһ񹤷ǰá䡱֮󣬶óģȻС塣
ɽӵĵԴѱ飬ȻǲɹҲֻάϵһʱȷҪ˷˶ϣ
С̲סѣһ䣬ĵϵļֵޱȾˡ
ٷϻϽɻ
ѰһСһţ죬߲ѣջǹԹж

˳óɹѰȫǵļһ񹤷ڡ
Ҳڵ죬ȻҵѰѰҿҪһĳ
Ѱһ𣿡
ͷ峺ѽˣǵӵķд
Ѱǲײس鴤һ£þ֪ǸǺεȵġΣ
ѰӦߣس˯ȥñǾޱȵϣžסʥĹ
ѰḧգƴһĹ⾰ǲЦ⡣
죬СĽ𣬰Լı۽С
ᶪʧĿܡ
Լˣ۽ſ˶


۳ǼңԶһƬ֮ϡ
£ҵֻܵȴ˰λ٣ܱѩޣǸɻһĨˣ
ɫѿ
ǰ׻һһϹԶĵط̵һϹ
˴İʮ񶼱װڱУʱɱ
ɫ粻ֻģɻʼǷѾѡ
㵣ĵӦɻʼôʱ֮ززɡЦ
̲δϡ
ɻʼߣôȻǱ˰λˣҲΪʱӡ
԰׻ԣвɻʼһˣ
ҲΪʦǰַһҪԭ
˵˰λ߳ϻڽռΪֱڻ֣ɻ
ҲüͷϢԷȷӦڽվ͵ִġ
ڴʱһ´紺
ڵȱ
ÿһ֣صƬضһֲȻĶ
δ£һһӰϢƾո֣ڤڤ񲻾
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ߵ˰ʤѩٿݣںڵĳһص״٣ͦӰ׿Ⱥ
ºͶƽ
ڳЩ澳ڣǰ桢峤˿ֻ߾һֻΡ֮ɽƾС֮С
ٿǰˣɫȻϲûκһ˿֮
Уڳ˺Ƭصﶼûʲô価Уȴ޿ɿĿ֮ˡ
һµԸ
ǵһʱ䣬桢̵һ￰ͨ뢵Ĵڣ˳
ɫ֮䣬𾴺ϣ
һĻ˿ʧɣϾ׻ɶǵ̫ʱ壬̹϶ֲ
ڳЩˣĴڣ
ڣһ˳ǫ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ䲩ߣԱ˰ҵ߳ϡǷ磡
һĻǷ磬ǰˣɫƽ˾ռߡ
ʵϣǵȷϰߡ
ضˡǷӻ֣ﵽȾ磬ѲЩȽڡ
ŸֱɫĹ˳η֮ɫȴ޼
˵˵ѡǷڵ
ܿ죬ͽйǰսһһ˵κһ˿
꣬ǷɫƽֻŶһŤͷߵİˣȤֵ֮ԨսΣ
ƽ۵۾أֳַͬѰı۱ܹ͵սƾЩǱ˰磬ҲƵǵ۾еĶ⿡ܡ
˵ɿȴƺֻΪ˻شһ⡣
ۣ桢̵ϹŶԺܲƽֵԨ죬ڱ˰ȴֻܳ⿡ܡ
Ƿ纬Ц˵ͷⷽ磬ֵԨܹӵȴ裬ȷʵټԱȱ˰Щҫ֮ȴҲ޶ر֮
⻹ر
桢޷ƽˣо֪Ҫ߸Ǳ˰硭һط



2297 峾ս
ֻ桢ǵı飬Ƿ֪ƫˡ
ڱ˰磬Ƿ編۵ģĸĴڣ
ЩĴУɳҫ۵ģɿһϵľ֮
֮ȣֵԨ֮Щҫ֮ر𣬿Ҳڿ˭ȣ
ֻǣǷ粢û͡
ݣҲмЩ
ûڱ˰йǸ޷ᵽеİġ
ֵԨڴ˽𣿡
˺Ȼʵ
ڡ
桢æͷ
ĪʶʶֵԨͣǷ粻Ȼ
ڱ˰ң峾һҫ۵ľ۴֮һ츳׿˫޵ӡ
ʱҵĶѪ츳ǻŲ˰أӵо۵۾Ϊ
⾪׵Ľٶȣ˶˦ںߣ硣
˳Ƶǣ峾ӡڹļԸǺͳȣҲܼ
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ϢҲһ󷭹Ŀⶼǿͬһط
̳ɢǷѣѪֹԴ򱬣ģˡ
ɹǣȫУûȥ
ѰϼһδҲ̫¡
غʣ¶ɫ֮ǰȫлɱκε档
ڣҲֻǷش
Ԩ񷡭ǴԨ񷣡
Ƿ˿ԵޱȵķŭԴϵһֻ۾Ѱ˻ƣ૑ͽĺᣬҾ˵ڶ׶ε츳ͨ
ǳˣ
ķ״̬ð桢ǶĲѣ૑֮ӣͨ
ԭֵԨݣ
ʶݣѰ֣Ѫգ֪ͨãԼܵסĹ


2301 
ضѹ֡
Ѱ£ءʽԴԶǷ硣
桢̵һڰ׻Ϲͬʮ㣬ڡ

һתǷǲ壬ըİԴ˲ָ
ֻɫɷ͸ѿ֮֮˿Իָ֮ǰܵشһʱҲϡ
ɫǻָƽڶ׶εĽֻͨܶΣٶĻͻ˵ǻٵУãжٻὫɱ
Ѱޱ飺ȻƴԲҪЩٵĵУϼһʱҲȲ㣡
䣡
δ䣬غʱչɱҲͬƴ㣬ޱ
ǷŭͷųһƬеĿֲ⣬תƬضǣŤ֮С
ٿһ񶦣ȭͷС׭̴ǧ磬ħ֮࣬ϼ⣬ֲޱߡ
Ƿıǧħܻٵһ磬ǿ飡
˿̣ȫͷɻ˽ķֲܵڴ˽飬Ȼɫ䣬뾪С
еЩ澳ڣ۵ңҲͷƤ飬ë׵
һֱֲ̫ҪƬأ
ɹһĻ֣һİããӰɢõһжֳһּžͣ͵ļ
续ͻȻ
䣡
Ƭؾըϣس٣ջѷӶ
ӿϯĻɢʮأ
ȻѰ׼ɱõɳȥпѪֹն԰͸ϸѿƵѪۡ
˲ЩһסӰͳȥ
̳ϢתʱһƵĴС
ȿغʵӰѱһץѰԭء
䣡
ƬضУ֮ϣ¶ǿգǳľ󣬷Ǹɻ˽Ͽյ񷶥Ҳƣ
ѰëȻղغȣԼǶԴǻл
𣿡Ѱʡ
ʱڼңԶһƬոߴ
ԱߵغҡͷҲдޱȵء
ֱ죬ѰſԶĵط̳ɢϼתһƵӰǡ
׹¶أͷ­նϸѰ㶼ûϳ֮ǰŴݵǷ磡
̫ˣ
ģ˲˹һǧٿ׵ѪʬƵģδ
ɺܲ˼顣
ͷϣһֻѩ׵ǣһĨζ
һĻܹ죬غɫصģһֻر֮ѩ
֮ǰʱ򣬿û˷֣صǺʱֵģ
ǷͷʬһãѪڣһָǰģֻϢѱңɫɷ֮
һ̣ѩоҲ͸ޱȵļɵš
𽣬㾹ľ峤֣ɱǷɳƳ
峤ɱΪβ֣ȴֻܽþľѹ
񿪿ڣ͸ŲɣһΣҲëñûıУ뿪Ǿľ
˵ţ͵ЦЦȴޱˣ˰峤Ϊ˲ЩϼһɷѿģþһֶΣϧ㲻㣬ûдԨ츳峤һҲò̤ʵ
Ƿ˻ӳľ֪һ֣עҷ㾿ʲô
¶̹ǵĺ⣬ʲôȻΪҼ˱ΪҼ˵ĺᡭرҼһĶ
飡
ѩ׵ǷԭֱָըѪ궼ããĵһա
һǷԪͱ̵
һĻԶ˶𺧲ѣǷεΰֲĴڣȴ㱻ɱˣ
񾿾Ǻηʥ
Ѱءʶɫ䡣
ȴ͵ؿѪѩ׵ĳѿһϸܵѪۣƲ⣬ԶѰȵɫ̾
Ԩ񷡭ۣõ츳Ӵ
˵ţоˮϲƴ飬͸һ˵Ļϲ
ĳ޷ƽ
˭Ӧޱ˽ҵһУӵСԨ񷡱֮С
ͬʱĲɣѰ
Сһס𽣬ܾǰ׷ͨһս£գĸףҪЩϼһɶأ
Ѱʱݣͫţ׷֮ͨս£
ڷžľ¶ڴˣò˶ãͻᱻ֣Ǻ٣˵Ҳա
ͳֻҪסгһգлǰ˰죬δѴԨ츳׶εͨʱǧҪ¶츳
׶εͨѰһ
Ҫѯʱͼϣֳһ˿˿ɬĽֲܵĥʹݲУзޱȵʹ˻
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ȼգҽƮ
СһסһʱĨ峾Ԫ񣬷Ǿͻ겻ɢ׷ɱ㣡
µһ͸ޱȵļ١
Ѱɫ粻
ĳ֣̫ͻأ˭û뵽һֻص񣬾ͷ֣Ƿ糹׻ɱ
ͬҲû뵽ŸճƬ̣ܵѰ㣬ٿ仯ҽʧ
Ѱ˵ЩҲһ޷ƽ
Ψһȷǣڱ˰ǡľУһȺˡ
Щˣһֱڵȴĸ૑
ܣǷˡĿܻȥ
Զһ͸žŭͲʵĴС
桢̵Ȱ׻Ϲǣһ࣬޷Ľ
ǲΪǷȥǷ̣ȥɱɻһˣ
С壬ݴǣأѰȳ
Ƿвڱ׽ʣµľȥԸ桢̵ˡ
𣡡
Сת䡱޾ĽƲŭԶİ˱Ϯȥ
ͬʱڴеĻ˲һϹҲȻ֮ǰһֱʲôæʱѹõķŭͺ⳹ױˡ
桢ɫ䣬ĻҶתӡ
ɢǷ䣬ǵĶ־Ҳ㣬ȻһǻĲʣʱ˿Ҳֻѡ롣
ѰԶԶƬ̣۷񹤷УһأԼһ˥ޱȵƣӿȫ
֮ǰɱζýͨܵսش˿ȻȥսҲ
֮ǰѰһʱ佫âһȫ߶
䣡
ԭѹڽڵ峾Ԫת˲ͱɱɢ¯


2302 ս
һ
ǰ׷ɱ׻ءʵ˷ء
׷ɱʼִ٣δȡöսȴɱð桢һ˵ֻȮɻ˽硣

ѰӴָ۷״̬
Ҳ죬׻ܵϢ籩ϯɻ˽磬
ֻǣѰɻһһжѲٹע
ǶѴ뿪Ƭط
̫ʱʼˣǿգ̽ѰղŴ˽綨ӣ˴ѣ˽硭Ǵˡ
˲쳤̾
´󣬾ͻɻһǨƣ뿪Ƭ硣
Ѱʾ⣬Ƿ峾עŭ˰ңעͷԱ
ɻһĵ̣ȥͱ˰ҿ⡣
һԿͨǿձ˰·ΪСС
˲ϡ
Ѱͷȭл
һʱ䣬ҵ·磬ֱշתִɻ˽磬Ѿȥʱ䡣
Ҳ֪ǿչŵϣз˶ٴ¡
ǽ֮Уӵ׵ȻǷǿչŵԱܿǸ֮ϵĽ
Ҫ뿪ˣҵѰн̸Ѱڴϵָ㡣
̸ѰʣҪȥδ
룬˵ǰ̽Ѱһµ磬϶طǿչŵ
ͣѰ֪ǿպ嫣ǿչŵ˰֮⣬ɢλ档
̫ʱɻˡ׻ĴǨ㣬翪İ㣬ҵ˸ܾӵλ档

񹤷ǰС彫á䡱ȫɻһ
ԴˣѰδܾ
䣡
˲ɻһһϹŶ֣һϵĵֻ̳˵̳Ų֮󣬾ܷǿչŵ
Ѱ̤ϵ̳ת֣лλǰ
Сѣأ
˲һˣԼʽһΪѰС
֣ϣ;֮ϣԶȻֵ
ѰЦŵͷ
ˡ
Ĳ̳ӿֳɬĿռת˲䣬͹ЮѰӰʧ

ʮ
ڰ硣
˳ǿչŵѰڴƵĴ£ǿаʮ֮ãڵִڰ硣
ߣȥ֮ءƴһ˿ܣԣغڰ磬طһ㡣
ʱǽٵλãλںڰġ׺򡱣һƬǰͭȸ¥µ
Ѱҡͷȴ̽һϢǰҲ١
ǰŶʦһ´ͭȸ¥Ǳ鲼ڰһȻ
У֪˶顣
һһ߽׺һǳУһ̽üȻ
֪ǰǰʱѾطǿչŵ֮ϣ
ʱº䶯˶ڴǶ߲컯ĵԨۣΪǿװֻۡεȷӦ
ӻԨ۵ͭȸ¥ֻܵεȳͷ
Ҳڵʱط֣Ϊڰͷ֮һͭȸ¥ǳʧ˼
ǲ˼ǣ۹󣬲δ̲ȡжѡ˱չأ
ܿ죬ذϢڹ֮أܵصĵˣ
һʯǧˣΪ֮û뵽ƿؽǿװۣڹ֮سԿ
̫˼飡
֪ЩϢʱֱӾˡ
ɺܿ죬Ŵ̽ϢԽԽ࣬ƾЦˡ
ǰͭȸ¥ͻȻ۷ս
£˲ڰ磬º䶯ǿΪ֮
ͭȸ¥սĵ죬ڱչ˵۷
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ݴصͭȸ¥ѡ
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Եǵ۾ϹҲԽС
ʶһȫ¹עĴԾʱܹ۹ս֮ˣȴûУ
Ǵ㵵ǣһԾĽֱĽգҲ˵֪
ͭȸ¥ۣڽ󣬾ͳûϢֱҲ֡
û֪һԾʤǻ
֪жٹϵͳþһа취ȥ̽ϢɽԶһ
ڵһĴԾٲȻһš
˻ע⵽Ǹǿ֮ϵĽʧǽһжϣӦѡ
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ϵͳɣͭȸ¥ѾѶ
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һ³çˣǶϲڰֻ꣬Ϊһ
ңǰѡľսصҲѰζ
棡
ΪصĴ֮һ
Ѱ֪ɽ;֮Ҳǧ˿ƵĹϵ
Ƿ̨ڵУʦָ豾ѹʥꡣ
ڷ̨ϣ֮ǽһ²ϡ
ɽؾ磬΢лƿõ޾ӵͬ
ԴؾУһλϼĹڵȴʦֹ
˵ʦｫսصѡ棬϶гı
Щûʧⶼˣû˵ϢǱƿصĽǿ֮ϣζš
ֻ˵ûϢܾʹ˶϶ʦ־ˡ
ѰȻˣͬҲûдзء
죬͵ҧ˵ȥˣ
˵ţҪȡж
ѰҲЩأˣȳƣܹ֮ͣ棿
Ƶһа취ҲҪȥһ
Ѱһҵģұ֤ȥ̽һŻҵҲ˽е״
ԥ
ڣǲŸշأЩϢһ֪⣬֮ȳ˽ȥ֮Ҳ١
Ѱ䣬οԶʦֵǻۣս֮ǰѵûʲôͰţ
һ㶣ͷ˵Ĳھͷذ֮أʲôţ϶ڰ֮أ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ɾڴʱһ󼱴ٵĴԶ𣺡죬ͭȸ¥ͲڳУξˣ
һȺϢ׺ǿӰһѸĶݹ⣬ӸĽֵϿպХ
ͨЩӰɢϢѰ˲жϳǱȻչڣ


2303 ޶Ѫ
ǰ׺ͭȸ¥ƿء
ȫһˡ
һǳУչڵǿ߾͸Ŀŵطȥͨڳеͭȸ¥֮ˣ֮
֪ĺڰУͭȸ¥Ĵѱòֹۡ
ѰʹƶһۣϢظȥ
ж
һƬƵĹϽ
һͥԺУżѱ˲Ľ
ˣͭȸ¥ֲںڰݷչں͵زؽԲưոݣһ֣ȫܵ˻Ĵ
һŮ磬ҵõϢչ׺չΧжҵģò˶ã˾ͻ
վͭȸ¥ǿߣʱɫ粻
ˣ뿪ɣ˷׷׿ڣĿ⿴ͬһˡ
һòϣ˿ݵӣ׼ؾΪ
ǰǴ˳ǳִƴȨԶ
ȴ޸Ƽ㣬ֻƵĲҹҹĵʳѰ
ӣټĺڰ磬ѱչڡزؽѿأǼ뿪˳ǣӵ
ɬüͷ
䣡
ڴʱͥԺ֮⣬͵쳹һܵĽܵصĳ𵴲ѡ
ͬʱһ쳹
ͭȸ¥ѾΧˣ

ҳ壡

ɫ䣬ֻһ㣬û뵽һѻ֮졣
һ̣ϰ㣬ҧᣬΪɱһѪ·һһ
˶ߡ
ңǰͭȸ¥Ϊڰͷ֮һܹ˶Դ
ˣĵҲܹˣղ˵ĲߣӵȥһΣǾͺƴˣ
Ůȥ㡣
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
޿ӣ縰ս
ʳѰصܹˣ
˫ȭ߬ӿ˵ıƺͱߣҪ˵ʲô
䣡
ͥԺܵĽǺȻ
ͥԺ⣬£һڵӰչڵĴˡ
ʮͭȸ¥ǿʱһЦʱ͸Ͳ̡
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˽ŭն֮ʬҳ֮ϣ
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Ȼ󡪡
Щɱչǿߣ޲һӰըķѣѪƵıŽ
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Ȼһ۾ɴһ߶ѣȴɱʮλչڴˣ
Ϊߵͣ
ѪȵһĻǼֱΰ㣬оǰ㲻ʵ
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Ϊ׵ĺ׳˶Ī̼˻У˭ҺչΪУǣ𣿡
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Ѱ
ߣһŹԵޱѿͫɭȻ䣬Ϊβñ֣
Ѱ̾ССϺѣ֣ɾ»ˡ
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Ѱϣİ֮Ҳܻ¡
ѰȻҲ뵽һ㣬ԥʹӦ

Ǻڰʮ֮һɺڰͷ֮һͭȸ¥ƿء
һƬѪɫӿ޶Ѫ˳һƬءԹ񣬵˺ǿߣȥ޻أ
ţ޶Ѫݷżֲµġ̫׻ꡱ˵ǵ۾Թһֹµɱ䣬Щ̫׻꣬һԱÿֲ֮
իʼԴصġ֮ءλ޶ѪһƬؾС

ѰʹƵִ޶Ѫ֮ϡ
沨ӿһѪɫ˳񷶼ȾѪɫԵùˣĺ紵һɷ֮
һǰ֮ʱѰ˳һҶ۶ľƹۺʹơ
ţ
һִ޶Ѫ֮ϣѰʹƵһʱͲһƬݷǿƥĵ۾Ϣ
Щ۾Ϣֲͬ䣬޵㣬Ƭȫ
˭ڴ˵أͻᱻǵһʱ
ǵزؽչڵ飡ɫӿ𲻺õԤС
˶פ֮ͨصڸİ֮ڣĳ
פڴˣֻ֤ǵ׹˰֮أҲһϢ
Ѱɿ
Хսۣ
Ȯˣ
ȮԱƺǡֵԨ
һӳԾ𣬽ţЩݷڰеĵ۾׷׳ʮˣɢĿֲϢ
ƬزʮԲѹ֡
ЩԵزؽ硢չڵĵ۾ϹǣԾɵشѰʹƣû뵽ڵµľ֮£Էеӳڴˣ


2304 ͹ĵԨ
Ȼñ
Хսۣ㾹й֪Ѿ𣿡
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˭˵ˣо۳ɵۣһ컯
ųٽ٣һ
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λҪСģԨǵ۾ΪǾ۵;컯ɱ۾صĴڡ
һɫӲʳɫɮ۵ĵزؽ۾ɮȻڣõòͫһ
ʮѰǵһ۳ɵ۵Ĵڣһ࣬Ŀ
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ΣȫɱȮٶԸֵԨ飬
ɡ
ҲãХս۵в󣬲С
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ͳڼĵɱ
Щ۾ﶼһ㲻Լ䣬һֵԨԸˣ
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Ԩۣ޽֮۴ۣʹͶҵزؽ磬˴Σ㲻
زؽһλɮڣ˵ʱӿֳ޾ɫ⣬һĺɫ
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䣡
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֮ǰɮˣҪСѰΪѰǾ۴֮սܺ羳磬ɱ۾֮ڡ
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ۣ
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ʱУѰϰ㣬ȫӡ
񣬲Ƭ̼䣬óĽ֮ϣѰһ
ʱнֻʣ춼һˡ



2305 ͭȸگ
ݣѪ
нʣ춼һˣɫޱأȴ޾֮ɫ
زؽ紫ˣΪߵͣ޾ʶŻȫΪ֮ɵ
ɾվǱⲻ˵ġ
Ѱ֣δκ顣
ৣ
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춼˫ֺʮţɫ㣬徹ȼڵ𣬾춯ء
Լ䣬ǧֶзϣ쳹ʮء
ֲķ֮ɢϴ˽
ɰź֮ӰϾǧ֮Ӱɢһա
춼̧ͷɬֵԨڡزءΣӡ
ۣ
绯ҽƮ֮С
ѰһӣսƷһɨգת뿪ܿʧãã޶Ѫ֮ϡ

֮ؾһؾ磬˹Ͼ׵Ϣ
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졣
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գֵԨ롮֮ͨ


2306  Ԩ
Ԩطڰ磡
ѰƾͬʱϢһף쳹ںڰϿգȻ󲨣֪ǿΪ֮ͻȻ
˭ˣ䣬ǿܻۣȴΨֻԨһ˶ɧ
˭ˣϹʱʮУΨһһλ۳ɵ۵Ĵ
ǰǿ첻֪жٹϵͳѰٵԨ۵ټеΪ˱
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Ҳʱ𣬵Ԩ伣˽Բ֪ǰη
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ϢһΪ֮Ŀ
ܿ죬޶Ѫ֮ϵѪɱ¾ҲǴѰ֮ͷ
ʮλֱԵزؽ硢չڵĵ۾ڣȴԨһɱ
ϢԵøġ
ԨҪ͵زؽ硢չڿս𣿡
֪ٻȻ쳹
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Ͳ֪ˣǿչŵϣԨ¹˭ˣǷɽˣɱ֪ͳʮսǿߣЩǿչŵϣӵԨ۵֪˭κε˵Ԩۣ

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һУѰ˿֪ڶɽ١

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ȶɽٺͲɱУһĵСڽڽرţɱš
۾żÿǰһعأ֮ǰѶȣһرһպͼɬ
ͬʱԽսҲ츲صɱ䣡
ѰԴӵ۳ɵֱۣԶԶʮѣ½ƾԽ۾֮٣ٶȣҲǿǰ󣬾ˡ
һ
ѰϢ͵һ͵ͷһǱܣ¯֮ء
䣡
ͼ׽УһԨӿ֣Դݿ֮ƣûʮ˻֮
ɽӡءաꡢסԱǴԨưû
˺ԨԽԽȥ
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䣡
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һĻǷ˼ľڴơӤҰݡ
磬͵ز춯صıһӿֶĿֲԨ˺ѡ顢û
ĴԨ񷣡



2307 ԼѪɽ
׽٣ԱԨûԶԶһƬ类̵һƬĿġ
ڴơӤ𺳵Ŀע£һ̾׽ٵĴԨջѰӰ
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֮ȥѰϵĵҲ֮ϴǦƾ
ӰƮȻ䣬ʼޣ̸ոƾȫ
˴ζɽ٣ʵٴɱ䣬ƿصҲѲɱȣľǣı۽У⣬籾Դ㣬һϡ
ˣ־ҲǵõһǡѨϡѪԿ覣Ө͸ϣޱȡ

ѰŴӴ⿪ʱµس
ѵȺڸĴơӤǽǰйչԼϢ֮Ѱ
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ߣӵǲСɸɽһ𣿡һԵӳڣףϵ¡
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ѰȴƻȻӰƮȻƶɽ֮ϣǵʹݵ̬ò֪Ϊ֮ۡ
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ǣôĿ
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ֵԨ㲻һģǰڳƣɲΪ˵ȴһˡ

һ̣ӵȰλ־ȫѰϣ֮
һ۾ѱŵˡ
ѰȴƲϻ˵Լ˵˵ǾҪʲôɣĳûոĥƤ
ǽмƽ̬ЩչڵĴü˸ź˵Ĺ


2308 ֮ ȫ
ӲΪȻЦЦ
ֵԨ˴ԼҪ·ѡҪôչڣƣѡҪô

˵һʱƽĮھ
ƾ㣬ƾչڣɲʸ񡣡
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˵ţ㿴Ѱ

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ͬʱһ⵱һ

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죬޿ɺ
ѪɽԶĹս߽ʧΡ
ɲǼ䣬չӣӲλϹһй
Ԩ֮ս˿ɲ
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ʲô۱ʲôʲôֶΣֽ㱻˺飬ݿ壬ѹ


2309 
Ѫɽ£Ⱥ۵޲Ϊ֮
֮ǰչӣһڵ۾ϹŶѪɽۣ֮ǵݣô϶Ԩǰؽ
ɵԨ۲ǰԼ
񣬵Ԩ۲ˣҹһˣ԰Եѹ֮Ѫɽ֮ɱһڵ۾Ϲɨ޵У
ȫ߸ǵ֪
ӣѴʱ㻹Щֳ
ɽϣֻʣһˣѰ̤ǰУˣһѹ
һԸ
䣡
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ǺȻһȺɮˣ٣ͷڵ۾Ŀֲѹ
Ϊ׵ɮһή࣬һȻֳٱã޳Ĺơ
ǵزؽһλݸߵ˵ϹŶš桱
ߣһڵزؽۣоˣÿںڰ֮
ˣѰͣ½Ĳ䣬ɫ糣
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ҫհĽѹǿƽղҵñ飬ѪŽúܸߡ


2310 
ŨѪ
Ѫɽֻۣ֮ʣһˡ
ɱž
Ѱûм֣ڣĳҲѡ񡣡
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Ѱ˻һӾŭЦȻˣ
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ѰЦЦǰҵĹϵлԺܰﵽǰĵطұ岻ݴǡ
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˶٣ôһУǿ㳤ģҪ˼
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ҡҡͷѰЦﳤȥ
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ɽڰͷչڡ֮̾ء
بӴ񣬴ɽѱڰʥĵط

ˣ
һɬĽƲСظ㣬̱ڵϣˣ
ɽۻ룬Ӵ֮ϣɽڣֻһվɽշ塣
ͨշɽţܽչٵؾ磬չһڴˣܾС
峿ʱƾʹСִ˵أ֪շ
صķڿԴƺСԣȫͬ衣
һܶӲλΧս
һ飬ƽˮԷϣʼûκע⡣
ֻǣõ̫֮ͺƴҪչڵɽ֮س׷СһѪҲŸɴ
Ƴ𼱻ǵǻʲôֱӿʼɱа
С۵ֱۣڵ˵ɱˣȰˡ


2311 
佹Ҳֻܵš
û취СݵҪչȵ̹ϵĴǲܵ顣
һղȻϢ𣬾ͼѰӰƾո֣ƮȻ
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Ѱ˵ͷѪɽ֮۵˵һ顣
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Ѱһ˼⣬͵˵ͷһΣȻܽչγˣҲҪ丶޷ۣ֮
ĳȣɱڵԣ͵ˡ

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פڸչڴ˶ʱ׷߳ϳǷٸһȺӰפںڰеǿߡ
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û뵽ǣѰֵ֮Դȫϣ˵ϲ͸жȫǼٵġ
Ҳһ̣СеĵǺ͵ִһɨգҲųѰһˡ
磬ʱ֣
ССĦȭƣҪô˻ᣬúñһԼ͡
ٵȵȣڻʱ򡣡
Ѱ䣬ҹĻ֮µշ壬֮ǰչڱŵЩˣ类۵ס
ƣչЩϹŶ֪Ϣ󣬿϶ס
Ҫȶã
С廹ûƷˡ
ѰҪ˵ʲôȻƲʲô΢΢ЦĴսһӾͽ׳ͼ֮ɡƣмѾðˮˡ
˵ţӰһȻڿն
һһһԾ¶һɭȻģٲﻵˣ˵ãЩﶼҵģһҲ



2312 ɱ
ҹɫī
ͷλս߳ɽź󣬳Ȼ̾裬ƽˣλ۾Ҳѣһ£ʧĳɵĵ۾ڡ
˸˵ʲô
µչڣȺף̫ϴ򣬿ɵȽֵԨ󣬳ҲҪƽ̵ġ
뵱ƽ̣ͫ΢С
ЦЦҿɲʸˣȽֵԨⲣ۴Ҳ١
̾µȷǹƽ֮λỨ˭ҵʱ򣬶ǡ
ʲô
ѪɽһսչشãֵԨǰ׶Ըģ
̫ϴ˳ᢣɿɱ˴ӣ
ɱɣҪһλ۴ۣչҪ޷֮ۡ
ԣɫһ粻ǿЦϹģֵԨǿ󣬻չڲɣ
˵ţһɨܣһ򲽣浽ɽˮʱֻݷУҲɱ֤ǣ
𡣡
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ᡢһëȻһʱҪӦѾһ
ʱһֻצϢĴ
飡飡
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ͫ΢Уһƣȥ
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ܹô˻ᣬһЩزؽĴǰչڣȫͿһˣ
£סǧҪ¶ݡ
Ѱ
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УѪɽ֮۵սɢڰÿһ䣬Īĺ䶯
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չƽӵ䣬ΪѰƽһִƣ֪ǿΪ֮Ĳ
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ÿһԿǻʯϹŶϹʱڵزؽУȻ޾¹ȥйǵĴţ޲ηơ
УһֱɽѰҲǼչڴˣŸϢ˷š
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ƶʱЦצһĴȣǾûˣ
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ڣһڴһۣҲɻѡ
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УõԤС
Ȼڵ죬һجĴ
顢ڤȳλ棬ǰչڵ·ϣɱһ⣬䵱


2313 ɽǰѪս
ڰ磬Īĺ䶯С
λ氡Ϲʱزؽ񾹻ִչڣͱɱˣ
Ȼ
ǰѪɽ֮۵սŸĻʹ顢ڤȳλϢ̫ġ
˭ģ
϶͵Ԩйأ
죬ڰҪ𣿡
ԨҪʲô
ۣ쳹ںڰĲͬУһѪȵϢ塣
֪ϢչصΪ׵ĴǣҲʧɫ
ܣ
š
λ棬εȿֲݣԺ죬ǿգȴһѣ˭ţ
һ죬չҲУĻ̡̻
ǰλ۾ѪѪɽ֮ۡ
󣬱ǰĵزؾλڰ;ѶͲ룬²ֵԨɵģҲȻֲϵ
Ҫ֪ǰãصŸ´ҪֵԨʮǰչ
ھͷѪȴ£ܲɣֵԨı
ͻĲ£ǿص棬Ҳ볤õĳĬӿ˵ıߡ
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չڷֲںڰеڶ࣬˭ָұ֤ЩܵͲ
˵һ첻Ѱټչھһ첻ð
ֵԨֵԨñץ㣬һҪܣ
ص㿡ѳֳɭȻ֮ɫ

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Ҳ˵ĲأʱĲ١
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һҲǣصսټϴƣɱزؽĵ澳ڣǲŽй¡
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ЩӿȺˣƾһ۾⡣
ѰԺвһĻӵĳ񶼱ɿһ𣬵ƣս𣿡
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䣡
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ɺȻѰʹƸǻᡣ
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Ѱ巢⣬תɱ죬޿ƥУ֮
䣬ת˲䣬սһƬѪȷ籩
һצÿһλӶһλ۾ｦѪеײеһͿ
һܹλ濹ĴڣɱЩ۾ȷѹ
䡣
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һ֣Ū״һֻ޴ޱȵĹצӣͺĴҫۣԵޱߡ
ڴסһ㣡شţȥ


2314 ĶԿ
մɽ߳ĵ漶š桱Ϊչ̫ϣʯϹŶһͨ쳹أĪ⡣
ľ޴צߣǰһƬ⣬纣֮Ӳ
䣡
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Ӱ΢΢һΣͫһХսۣ㾹澳ż
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ƹǿƣĵһ׹ǹָأ׺Եѹȵ涼һʱ̧ͷֻֿܱ

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صסЦӶߣʱ䣬ֲĽ̢˼Ƶģء
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㾹Ҳƿ̳֮Уص͸žŭ
ͼɫǱޱء
ܹỵ́ڣƿص֣õӵеҲȻ޴棡
شӲһϲϻˣӰ˸߶һսìɱȥ
λðĹ꽻֯貶Ӱ㣬սֶ򿰳ƥ
䣬ͽصش
ǵȿɣѰ۲ѡ
СӣҪսˣ󣡡Զ͸űƵĴ
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ҲѲأ֮ǰһĻѳǵ񣬽ŵ
ʱҲսҪˡ
С壬ǳˣҲͬһʱ䣬Ѱȿڡ


2315  չ
ãѾĿˣ
Ҳʱˣ
ѰĲ֣֮Ĵڣһһ򾡵ĵơ
öԷӽɽţעʡ
䣡
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һ죬ͭȸ¥ںڰص׷׳õĻɽʼ

չڸӰ죬Զֹ˼򵥡
ûã˾ͷֲ֣ںڰЩɵزؽƿصĵ̺Ա룬׷ʧ
ͬʱزؽɽţױպϣ
һĻҲ²ĿȻ󲨡
ǷζţزؽҲʶأΪԱԴ˹
Ʋ⡣
ǱȻչڸ󣬵ԨһҪԸģǵزؽɣ
Ҫ֪Ѫɽ֮ϣһоλ۾ڸǰã顢ڤȳλҲѱɱ
һ룬ĵزؽʧλͶλ۾ڣټչڸ壬ĻеӺ͵Ԩ۶Կ
ǵ
ڵزؽۣǷ籩㣬ϯڰ硣
˱ģΪزؽεǿƣ£޾ȴսˣ
̾Ϊչڵĸ𣬵زؽĹڰԽԺҪԵԨΪ
򿴵øԶ϶۴淵ʱԨ۽ȡ֮ɾͣؽ괵ȥ˱ɡ

۷׷֮ʡ
ѰѾչ۵ĲƸһһϡ
֮һϵͳܵĲƸʱѰЩ΢΢
̫ˣ
ϡҩ伮䱦ѻһ𣬶ܶһΡıɽ
ǵð㣬廨ŵıȫͿʤֵɹ
չڡǸͰƶ겻ѣ챦УƮ
һ̣ĦȭƵȥزؽ磬Щͺ¿л۵ıչֻ಻٣
Եúܿȣɾʮ㡣
Ѱûڵ֪չڱƵϢ󣬵زؽɿܲȻҪɱȥҲؼһʱ
ڴͷչеĵ伮Щ伮һһУѻСɽĿ
Ѱһϵͳ۵ĴеأҪЩҪмֵ
Ѱ㿴ȻԶؿڣһ˵ʯͷۡ
ܱصеģȻѰ֮
ѰǰҪУȴָһףͶѰٱѰԼָƵġ
Ѱʯͷϸ
ںʯͷޱȾˣоһɽһ˸޷ء
⻬羵޾УޱȷĥΣ΢΢Щݡ
䱳棬׭ĸ֣
档


2316 
档
ĸ֣罣ậһɼԸȴһµİ⡣
ϸѰ΢Убּʹĸо
ɵȥӦǳؾԨ֮£⳾ϻУ͸һƲĥԶ֮С
Ѱ¶ɫ
֣ǰۣȴȻͬ㱼䣬ƿһλۣһǣԸ
ľȴɢƣңһ޾֮֮⡣
һĥʯ
һ˵ֻּͿ֪֮ˣڽ֮ſ˫֮裬ľѣң磬ܾһͬɰĴڡ
УҲһ˿̾
ѰΪȻ
棬ĥľĥ֮档
һ鱻˲֪µĥʯأȿϣ֪˺ε֮Ȼ
ɹףվһĥʯ˲ʼ⣬֮֮
룬Ѱջǽ棬ĸй֮Уţü֮ϵ֪
ʤϲ
ѡһЩͲٶ࿴⿰׳۵ĲƸһۡ
࣬Ҳÿɿۡ
ѰҲϸɸѡãһЩԼϡҩ伮
ȻΪȱҶռһЩ۽ױԳ䵱ʳ
С塢ҲڸѡԻ˲ٺô
ϾչڻĲƸ˵һ޵ߣǱ۾￴ҲΪ֮񲻿ɡ
ѰЩƸȫ𣬴㽻Ӥͭȸ¥Ĵˡ
չɽͣһѰϣɴڴ˵ƺһǰزؽ̽
չڣ౻ѹĴˣСɫѰǶȥɱ㽻ͭȸ¥á
ˣƺҲҪͭȸ¥æ
ϾչȻﵹ£̡ʤ֮
Ѱû˼ٴЩ顣
֮ôҲȴͭȸ¥ǿ߽ͷȥ̲չġŲ



ܾǰǵزؽƿصĵ̣һ޷Ĺȣȳңɫɮµ޵ߡ
죬չڸϢҲĪ𶯣ڵزؽµ޷߽Բֻ̱ӣõƬ嫽ѾĿɪǻľ
زؽȷǲǰ㣬
ѰصӰһ·ϳ˼һЩСɫ֮⣬һɿ۵ĵزؽ紫˶û
ƾ֮ɱزؽĻֻҪɲգƷӦⲻ󡣡
˵
ָ㣬زؽĵ澳֮࣬ɱĵ۾Ҳﵽˡ
ѰյϢµĵزؽУӦֻʣһλ澳
ڵزؽƽۣչһֻǵ۾۷ɫ
Ѱ䣬ƽ̽һ̽ɣҲҪ˶һ¡
ˣڹŻʱͱزؽˡƵƵԺʹѹ顣
˴֮ĳޣѻⲻҲѾ˸˶һµʱ
ʥɽ
ͨزؽڣҲزؽġʥɽУٲȻͽгݵ߾
յʱ
ѰصӰʥɽǰ̧ԶͼɽʢſΡۻ룬ɷ׳ۡ
Ѱصʶ̽£ͼɽ¸صɱ٣͸ļµϢ
ѰüɽͨزؽѾȫڲҪǱУɲףһĵ桭¶Դ롣
˵ЦЦȻƽҶԣҲ޷ǻһЩʱ䡣
Ƴһۣϻ
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˵ţֱǰӰƾն´ǵʥɽ
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ɽ͵ؾԷӿֳǧؽƲֱʮأͷųƿֲޱߡ
ѰӲӷ⣬ɨӣͬʱĵͼʥɽС
¡¡
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صҰУǸʥɽµĽһļ㣬ڱѰһһƳ⿪
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ֱһѰ˫ַɣ͵һ
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Ѥõ̻¶һĻ֮һ׳ۡ
Ѱۿ˰죬ɽǵĽҲ̫ǿ鷳鷳ڲõĽ̫࣬ƳʱվЩ
߰ɡ
ȴ·ʥɽıĿѳױ¶ɽһϵķ̳
һɫͷۣӿģһƬհף֡
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Ψü֮أһֻѿ۾֮ͫһëȻ
Ѱһ˽Ϣλʥɽ̳֮ĵ񣬾ǵزؽĿʦزص۾
ǰȴѰ֪˳ͻ
Ϊǵãزصزؽƿصĺ嫽УÿһǳУ޽Сزйһ֮
ޱǵزؽ翪ʦزص۾ıĿ
ڵһθսڰһʱ䣬ѰҲһزУʶزص۾ģ
һߴаɵķ衣
࣬ʨ롢Ѫȵʯ񣬼ǧ֮ࡣ
ÿһʯɢŲͬƺϣʱܴӳѹ
УһͬΣģȴޱȹ졣
ͷʨƴţߣ񡢽ţ¹βȮ
ȫԳǡŲ񡱣
̾裬ͫպϣɽͨ帲ĺڰУһԺڰеɢơ
ʵ̫ļˣ˭񶼻ᱻ壡
ѰڼʱҲĪû뵽ǵزؽĿʦģ
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ôˣһʵ
ҺȻһ¡
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֪زؽƿصĽУÿһز֮ԽԹǾŲĿΪʲô
Ѱ䣬


2317 
ѯʣѰԹԴӶԸ
صͫ΢΢Ҳء
ںڰ磬زؽѾڴ̸£ƿصĽУǳÿһУ޽ز
ΪѼԸµĻۡزؽĴԸǺε֮ࣿ
Ѽ˶ĴԸΪʲô
Ը֣һ;֮ºԸӡ֤µĵ;ߵŽδ֮˵ȴԸ˶ϲܽӶᡣ
ػڣһԸŷԴԴϻļӳ֣Ӷڵ;֮ϣִΰ칦½಻ب档
زؽѼԸֻ¾Ϊ˸ĳһλ칦½
ӵй½ֻ֮ҪӴȥ֮˾ͿԲ಻𡣡
꣬Ѱǵһ˵½֮顣
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꽻֯ѪȵؼԵÿʥ࣬Щ۾֮µĽɫزؽĿ湻ݵġ
ѰԶزؽ֮ų޾ǵĴͳɡ
䡣
Զִһĺɱ
ͼɫɮۣɫĮɮˣƵģԶХ
飬һͷ
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˵ţ̽һץؼŨѪУȡһƻɬԸ
˲䣬Ѱˣǲǲ־ѱԸūۣ
ϵȷӲȱ֮ˣɶϲһ˶
˵֮ǰɱЩزشϵԸͻƬؾУȡ
ҲζţɱĵزشԽ࣬ƬȡԸҲԽԽࡣ
ѰͷҲѵԷǹЩģ
ɱ
̸ʱĺɮѾǵƵɱǰ̣
ߣȥԷϳɱǵزƽۣ
ЩСɫѰͲУһʱϣһŲնȥ
ǵ;޿赲ֱͬ룬ת˲ͳΧ
ԶԶأһɽͨԡҹڰɢɫ⡣
ɽۣ֮һ̳ķ̳񷸩̳ⷨ״һֻպϵͫ
һյյͭһɽ֮ϣȼգƮĹ
ʱһӰǷ̳֮ϣ٣ɢڵ۾Ŀֲơ
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ۣ
زؽƽ̣ҲǺڰһװ
ЩӰǵزؽĵ۾ϡ
ѰصӰԶ۲κξ֮ɫЩ۾Ҳͬˡ
ÿˣɫϢһּµĵĮ
Ҳ˭ֵ֮ʣֵܽԨˣҲһ׮֮¡
ۿڣӲ


2318 
ɫķҹ֮Ļڱ
ɽۣ֮һׯƽûоţûûһ˿
ԶԶأѰͣ½ŲһĻʱ˴˶ӣжȻ
ȷΧȷ˸оܹ죬ڵȴһ
ֻǣĳǵûӦûһ澳϶ûɣ
ѰڣȻ쳹
Ʈҷһִ֮⡣
ЩѲҪ
ӿѰֵԨͲ棬Ϊκ֮ǰͱҵزؽˣ
ѰΪɼʥɮͺڻʥġؼž
ҡͷɼʦ循ɾޣľѪڵһǰ޹֮䱳˵زؽ磬㱻޹ء
ΪΣѰü
ЦЦݣҲ͸һֵĮΪĻĵ;ϣߵ
ԺǿչŵػΪһˣ޷𡣡
Ѱ͵Цο
ӿŹĹ󣬡̫ʱʮսϹʱڵ۵սɶѲϵǸǿ֮ϵĽζ֣㡭ܸò᲻ɣ
ѰüͷЦĳ񣬲ѣϹš̫֮£㾹ȫĳͷϣú޳ܣ
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ǱԸ۵ޡݡ
ҵزؽ̫ϳ棬һ׼ŽݻѡֻҪܹ˲һеĸֵã


2319 زص۾
ݡ
ŲޣԸ׼һλ͵Уž
ȹĪֶΣѰȻ
濴䣬Ѿϣγһ⡭ҲΪͻƵ֮һֱı컯
Զૣ񺱼طһ˿ȡ
ѰȥǺɫ裡ȻɱһҲᱻǵزص۾ķȡܻöԷܳɹ½ŵļ»
صĴѰһԭǵزؽ翪ʦ
زؽռԸΪõزص۾칦½ڼгɡ񡱣
һʱ䣬ѰͺգԶɫȥ
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㾹Ҳƿ΢У⣬ĮɫֳһĨء
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䣡
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ͬʱѰҲü
ǽֽɫҲϲܵסɱˡ

ѰȣһмתԨڣȻûʮصĿֲơ
Ԩȥ޻ء
ͫһĿֲ׼ȫֿ
һƬãã貹ӰٿѰǰͷŶƬضɲǼľֹ
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ţȥ
һ·ϣ˳ӿ˷޾ĺڰҪһеСƼûɵ


2320 ס֣
Ƽžκᱻû
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ֱǰУ˷˳ӿ֮ŭ˿Ϯȴ½Ҳ޷մȾ
վ֮֮硣
Զĵزص۾Ҳվûܳɹ½עҲܴӼػ
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ĿѰʧҰУߣջĿ⣬СӡѵûԼǰõľϣ



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쿴Ǿ򣬺ܾǰţ̫ʱ򣬵ӹŻǿչŵĴԻѡ򡣡
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ǿպ嫣ԶĹУֳһƬԶԶһ͸һֻҡ߰Ϣ
Ӧ˵Żս˰ɣǿһȺҫ۵ĵ۾ǰŻս˵Ĵ۴ڣռ򡣡
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ڵ߱ѪսɣֵʱԪ򸾣ѪɫɶꡰᰡһڿֲǰǿչŵΪľǰǹŻս֮ء
ֱѰԽԽ࣬Ҳ˽⵽һЩйعŻս˵
ܾǰŻ߳ĴڽǿչŵΪ˵ͶԿǿǽŻսˡ
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ԭڣΪǿףִӹŻսΪвҪ
ǿΪһƬ޷ֵ
ԪʱҲѰ˵ǰЩɱ֮һֱݷһЩŻս˵ǿߣҲѳû飬ǰǿձ˰
Ҳһֵ۾ûȥС
ʱԪرѹѰһĵ۾桰ڴۡѰǣҪбģѰСġ
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̫ʱڣ֤ΪֱۣϹڵ۵սʱڴһ֣չ¶۾صܡ
մԣϽûѴ澳İǷ̤澳Ͳ˵ˡ
˽ЩѰϣߣȥһ⣬ҵҪϽŶˡ


2322 Żս

Ѱۣʹһ𣬺飬Ƭߡưܰȥ
ûãһɣ
ѻֹ˹ŻսڣǹŻ޵ߣý롣
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𳤹Ѱ˹֡
Ļ᲻ףѰõ۱ԼѾˣԼܹ֮ɱڣ϶ǶԷã



2323 ѹ
Ѱֵˡ
ӣѰ죬˵ŻֵԨ֮¡
˵գתȥһϮɺУĿ
ѰǰУʼգƾһͣಽظѰ
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ѰƬȫһƬ߻ҵǿգʯŭΰ㷭
µնϲзɽʱչ˸涼Ŀֲ
һƬʯȺλ档
һȼĽɫ棬һ۽ȡ
һž䣬ݽߣ͸ѹĵưϢһ硣
һһɫ磬˸Żķ򲨶
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2324 Թձ
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2325 ԱŰ
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2326 ֮
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ѰԼЩˡ
ʵϣϵĵ澳ڣܹƵһ֮ģһٸҲûһ
ƸпҪ֪ǿչŵУ澳ڱǷëǣȻǿչڡزؽ磬Ҳֻλ澳ڶѡ
һ֮桭һ
أѰȻʵǺεȾ磿
ƳѰһۣɱøԶǵȳȻڣѾһ澳żĲǵȾ硭ֻбһ֮ʸȥģ㣬ʵʵаɡ
ˣѰһп֮ѿǿˣǳ澳룬ָǺεȲ˼ľ磿
Խ̸ʱȻһŲյӼԶǿ
Ѱʹƶһۣ
ب񣬸ããǿչŵϽŲƴģӵе۾Ϊ
Ҫôֻ֮ҪôʧǿУ


2327 Ǻŵ
䣬շӿֳӰ
Ϊ׵һߣ̤ƣӰһû˵׵â
ֱ࣬һźɫе״󺺣һѣͷڣģӺݵŮӡ
˽̤ǿգŲʱһڵ۾ߴơ
ۣԼϵѰʹʱ״󺺲Ȼһëɶǿգ⵹ټ
Ů絶㣬ɨѰʹһۣջĿ⣬߰ɣ·ҪźġǬͥϼһǣ֮ǰѾչж
ʱѰѸĻòʹһϢǳۣʶױ˺ԡ
ʵϣããǿкɣҪˣֱ漣һã
״֮ԱҲΪǱ죬һ·ϲżһһˡһеϡ档
Ҳԣ·ҪǰķɺӣȻ䣬Ȼ̫ˡ
״󺺵ͷ
˵ˡ
Ϊ׵߾ԽǿؿڣΪҵȽУһȥ
˵⣬ƳѰʹһۣͲٶ˵ֻ˻֣߰ɡ
һ˺飬Ųնȥ
ʼգûнżѰʹƷС
ղ㲻ǿëѰԶŲƶȥλۡ
ߵǱˣɿ֪ħͥ϶Ҫǰ棿Ұǵ˵ڣǱ۸ˡ
˵ֳɫۻţأ
ѰǰģɲֹЩɫߣǸȥһ
ȷû뵽ǰ··;ϣ֪ϢҲЩǶʦĴ
ѰۣʹһŲգһ׷ȥ
ǿպ嫣ãã
ôоղżЩһˡ
·ϣŮӺȻüڡ
˭
״󺺺
ѰֵԨ
Ůӳ䲻ˣйĻȴΣղˣĺֵԨ
ߺ״󺺶һۣһ֮ǰֻһĸ·붼û뵽Щ
ʱϸ䣬͵𣬸ղһһЩԾ
̫ˣ
Ѱ޵ߣڼȵ۾ʱĸǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ηӣ
ôһ˵ҵǼ𣬸ղˣȷ񷽴ɽǸС״˸˵Ĺ
ӿɲʲôСˣǰĻ˸ǿľ۴ۣʮһ
ɭȻ֮ǰǴӣ˼ˣʧ꣬ȴۺǿ֮ϣܽ˻Ὣ¡
û˵꣬ŮӺ״ȴˣĿⶼó֡
Ԩۣ֮컯˭ܲĶ
ߣȥ
˵ţأɵ֮ǰѰǵʱããǿУﻹѰǵӰӣ

󺺰գ֮ǰ֣϶ǾСӣűûӵˣ
ʶɢ糱ˮ㸲˷в̽ɰɫҲ
ƬУûκмֵ˿
ϾǾ۴ۣչżأ֮սһĵ۾ɱȣܹϢߣҲ֮С
˵ŮҲЩʣһԵʧۣ֮Ҳ̫ϧ
ˣ߰ɡ
߷ȥ˽
УĿһеѰʹƶһۣЩ
ϼһǿҲֻ۾Ϊһ۾أһ۾أݣע⣬Ŀ湻ġ
ƺٺЦ
һҲǣ˭ھ۳ɵ֮ʱѰͻͽͻƣ۾ء֮ͨˣ
˭ָţѰȥ͵澳
ѰڵĴ󣬶Ǻڰз飬Ȼûдǿչŵϣǲ޿ˡ
˵ţ߼˹ȥ
ԴƵͣҪһ˷ټֱܸס
һ·ϣһ˿Ҳ벻ġԵһֱڰ׺ںߡ
׷ٵ;Уͨ˵Ľ̸ҲѰʹ֪ǵݡ
ߺšۡ۾ΪħͥһλִȨĳ
󺺺ͳŮӷֱǡͨսۡ͡޽ۡŵ۾غ͵۾صΪ
ߴУյǰ۵ǲ˵Ҫһɱͭȸ¥
ܵģֻħͥġ䡢ǬƵȵͥҲǲ˵۾ǰ档
ˣ˵һЩ̫ŵ塢ʮսһҲ뵽һжС
֪ЩϢѰʹǾϲǵǡ
ϲǣһж֤ͭȸ¥ţ
ǵǣһټ˶ϵͳеĴУܻͭȸ¥ĴޱΣա
ҪҪɱ϶ɱڣ
ѰҡͷĪȲ̽ٲȡжҲ٣ôݾߣһöʦֵĴøΪ
һĵɱҲֻˡ
һ
ǿУһصǺһ۵ĺţӵһƬڰǿ
Ǻŵ
һͨصǿ֮·̫ʱӴ
ÿڿɺӿ֣ǿ۶ǿߣҪǺŵܵüɺӱӿĹ켣ӶС
̤Ǻģأ
֮µĵУйǺŵǺŵΪЬģ棬һֳȻ֮
Ǻŵǳ۶ɣһب顣
ߡۡһ˵ִ󣬾ֱǺŵӶȥ
ҲǴӵִ˵غֻܷɶݣŲơ
ԭڣǺŵϣӯػɬĴһŲƣܻ˲ʧ
ѰʹƵִҲˡ
꣬Ѱν棬ɰ·ӹŻ޺嫵Уɽµıյִɺӡڵؾ硣
ʱ·Ѱˣֻǵð·ʱҲÿϢָ
һһǺŵأ
棬ֲ֮أͥպ컯棬ÿһοͻǿྪɾ֮ǰܹߣǧһʵĴױأ֮أܿȫò
һ˵ţһߵȴ·
ܾǰҲ棬Ҳ߹Ǻŵ
ǰߵĵѣ
ѰʹǰûãأһԶ𣬾ͼһȺɶݶɢѤĹԡ
һ˲Ѱʹͫһ


2328 ڽɱ
ƸҪӦѰʹ˸ɫֹ
˸ʱʩչǱٵķţƾƵһĵ۾޷ǵĴڡ
ȻͼһȺԦӰִǿչŵ֮󣬾ʹҴҳԶȥ
ͬʱԶľۡͨսۡ޽㣬Ťͷ
ԭͥĵѡ
һ۾ϳһ˵ʱɫɣֳһĨЦ⣬ͶԷ
ûãϵͥĵ۾ϣһǰС
ĿһĻĻѰʹƶһۣٶȸȥ
Ǻŵۣ޷Ųƣʱһ޴ޱȵӿУſѪƵġ
һкͥһе۾½С
ߡ
Ƶȴ·Ѱһ˹ȥ
еľͷǷɺڵؾ磬ʱֻҪŷɺӣͿԲ档
ˣ
кһתƣѰʹ˲һƬУϼڣؼһƬã
һ쾪װˮ֮ԶԶͼǼԶߣһӣ
ƺƵĺˮɷ׳ۡ
ֻǣƺѰһ֣һ
ͼ˷ѱһӰΧ£ð㣬Ƭ
ЩӰȻǾһ˺ͥһˣ
ˣ
Ѱʹʶһ⣬ͻָƽϢطֳӰ
ǵģ۵Ҳ¶֮ɫԭ׷֮ˣǣ
һӣӱȣԭǻϧһĻԵ˭룬Էˣ
λϵһһ
ͥǱߣλ۾Ϊ׵һۺڷߣ̬ϣһ˵ɫ硣
УһµƵͭ
սۡ
ͥϹŶ֮һŵ۾Ϊ
֮ǰƾеͭʶһֱڰ׷پһ˵Ѱʹơ
ʱĴݾߣս۹ֱ֪;۵˻Ϻ󣬲ŽϢ˵
һȺ۾ھؾڴ׷֮һ򾡡
Ȼϵãû´ӱǺ֮ǰǿյġԨۣ˵Ҳ֮Ϊɽ
۲δѰ
Ԩۣ
ս۵һ궯¶ɫѰĿҲˣƺû뵽ãסһ㡣
أߣЩХս۾ǰеĿ⾹ȫ۽Ѱϣǽˡ
һߣһͥĵ۾ʲôԾƺͭȸ¥սХսۣ
ȫĿһЩ˶ɫ䡣
Хսۣ
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ֻǣ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽һëХսϵһ顣
̫ˡ
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УХս̸϶ɲҲͭȸ¥µһȮܾǰǿºպɴΪͭȸ¥ˡ
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չ¶ΪɸС㣿ѰЦˡ
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̸֮ƵᣬɫȻûаΪԾþۡս۵˶ס
˾һһⱣ
ó̵ģλĪҪ⣬ᶯ֣ȫԸ
ѵ
˽ԵͷΪ۾ڣԲԴ⡣
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ϹѾأ㻹ҽ±ˣ
󺺰Ļͨս۴ȡ
˸ãԡ
һ۾Цпڡ
ƣʵʱѹɱ֮˴˽̸ʱһε̽Ͷš
𣿡
ģǱҪʶʶǷˣ
ৣ
Ӱƾʧһ̾ͳڻͨսǰ

ͨս۱ȣһɫк⣬ӿֳ춯صĴܣӡݺҳ
䣡
ŭݡ
һȭ֮׺ס
ͼߣӶצӣ͵һƬޱ߻
ͨսۿӰһצĵϡã屬ɽ촷ۣе
ѪȵһĻȫ
ӬĶҲҽòͷˡһһĲм
춯֣
ۡս۵¶֮ɫ𵴣ﻹҳɣڵһʱ䶯ˡ
ɱ
Хλħͥеĵ۾Լ͵ɱơ
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˲ϢƬұУ۾֮СС֣ժ£أܾ
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Ϲ澳
ϵˣӣ
͸žźͿ־壬˵һһֻϣӵ澳֮Ҳκε۾е
ߣ𣿡
ߣצͨǵأ֯澳ϴƣԵðԵ֮
¡
ͼǳУһһ۾ֽ㱻ķѣãã
ѡ
ۡս۵޲ھ֮бһһɱ
ʼգûѰֵأôһʱѾһ
̳ɢƲˣݺһĭ̫ͷ϶˵ľЩ
ôۣʱεҫ۷⣬ߴڣ
ڴȵУȴԵǰ㲻
ǲǿ
ǡ
ǴƱǸǿ
߰ɡ
Ѱûʲôпתȥɺӵķӡ
һצӣսƷҲŷɶݹȥ
УֻʣصǽѪȡ
ɺӺƺƵߴ£죬ˮѩҫۣ˸ʥĹ
ţɺӵԴͷеһڡȪˮڣʶܹбʡ
棬ҪԾ˺֮ϣʹ켣׷Դɽ롣
ϤķɺӣѰ鲻𵱳һǰʱľ
ʱֻӵоʥΪаϸ򡢰³Сͬ
һζȥڶǰʱǾ۴֮ݣֻΨ˰ǡ
ǲ֪ںεˡ
Ѱһ˿Ʈҡҡͷʹһ̤ն𣬳ǷɺӴ֮ء


2329 
档
ããŻĻɽľ֮䣬Ȼǿ
ţ˼ɢԭʼçİϢ
Уݵʼʱ
񷣬翸ԶųĲɫǳŲУһ
ϣɽУоС
ء
ãķ磬ؼ䱼ڣԶŵĺŽǡ
Զܾ֮أ쳣ۺͼ̣һĴѹ֮
ѰʹƵӰֵĵһʱ䣬͸ܵһּѹȣòתΪŽѹ⡣
ֻе۾ܻѹȣ˴ĿӦ۵ֱʡ

ÿһοԻѹȣûһλ㣬ѹ֮˿ֲ
ѰʶɢĸӦܿͲ׽һЩڵ۾Ϣ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ۾ǰ
ߡ
Ѱʹƺ飬׷ЩϢչж
һ·ϣʵΣءɽɽǵѰ
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ٶȽ룬ľȫͬ
ֱ·̨ʱѰ̲סȥһΪڷ̨˾ʦָ豣ԼǱѹĶۡ
Ҳڷ̨ϣԷ֮ĴС
ףͨµķ򡣡
ƺȻ
£ͷ̨һ𣬱ء֮һ
ţ»ıԴϢĪ⣬̤澳ĽɫŻðΣǰ
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ѵ˵µѹۣ
ɫò
ͬʱѰҲ¡
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޾΢ʦһ𣬽ŻʶǹŻɽϣ޾ӵϢ
޾ԣ̫ʱһȺʥͽ棬ϣ˱֮ѪҪһ̫ŵһʥ
գЩʥȴն
ǻδƳɹʥԴµȴ漣㵮һ
Ǵ޾ӣ
ˣ鹭ȱҲսʮУҲ뿪ʱܵ˽ڴ۵͵Ϯ
֣Ϳɿ֮һ£Ǻε֮պأб֪Ϊ֪Ĵ¡
ڣͭȸ¥ۼܾжԵУ
뵽⣬ѰҲһ󷢽ҵʹһȫ·

һƬ
ƬУŵģǹɲɳϯ裬Űء
һǿ߱˵룬ǿһ˲ͻᱻĨɱɻҽ
Ȼǿ۾ڣǰʱҲСȫ䱸򣬱ѣ
һ룬ɳƬ籩ŰǵǺεȿֲ

ִƬ򣬴ɫҲ
УѹıԴһȿɲ󣬾֪һ㶼š
ˡ
Х⣬ɫʾӨ͸ϼ⣬ڡ
¡ͬһʱ䣬һƬƬ籩ϯۼҪѰʹƵӰû
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ȻǺñƸпѾֹһȺʹѽеˡ
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ԶԶشУνǷһɱУԮ
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ֲĵϯЩĵͥ۾һʱеֵﾭܵס֮
ɲǼ䣬ǵӰͱɳȥվȣͱϯû塣

ɶ񣬱ҲŹǣ
ĲҽвŸ𣬾Ȼֹۿɼǵ屻ϸݺݽ飬ɲǼҷ
Ҳ̫ˡƵ
Ƭеϸɳɲͬ۶ɣŰ񱩣ͬϯ䡣
Ѱһûж˵ǰС
ǧ֮أѰһŲƾ˲ϢִƬ׶Уȴķʱ
⻹н׵ֵͱӻ򣬺ķѵʱעܾá
ԶԶأһվۻ룬ֱ罣ɽؼ䣬ɽ֮ߣ޷
һ籩ĺһ㣬һɽܺХڣĿġ
ţ
һʱ䣬ѰӦȻ̧ͷͼɽߴ˸ŹҫۣȻ

Ѱ̲µʦȻɽ֮ۡ
Сġ
ɾͬʱѣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼɽҫһѤõĵ⣬ʮ֮ࡣ
ϸһѤõĵ⣬Ȼһλλ۾ǿߣ
֪Щ֮ܵǰԮĵ۾֮ͥˣҲʮս壬̫ŵȻ߳Ϲ
Щ˷ֲͬڵȴʲô
ûãɽߴ͵شһϵĵĮ

ͼʮλ۾ԥһ֣۱ʩչݺݺǸƵɽ
Ҫɽٵ



2330 ɱȥ
ѰɽͣȻǸǽҲڵ۾ָ䣬ҷ
ȻǰɽΡ룬һڵ۾ǿߵȫȴֻǾҡһ
ɽʯһ飡
ңЩ۾ļƣѾ˲ֹһΡ
ʲô
Ѱ
ʲô϶˵Ĵܲ۾׹¶ɱڡ
һȺһɽٲɽߴٴǳϵĵĮ
Щ۾ǿ죬ڸ磬߰Ĵڣڱѵʹȴûһһ죬˶ŭ
ӹɣܹ쵽һģֻһˡ
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ˣʮλ۾ܹרĵس֣صΣա
ٵˣ֣
˵ţѱȥ˻𣬡ˣˡ

䣡
Ʊ壬һצӾͽһ۾Ѫⱬɢ׺һͿ
ĳ֣óȻһ䣬ʮλ۾ͫƲţϾ˸ƻ۵Ĵ¡
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й֮ĵ۾
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ӰȻǷɽڶ


2331 ʦ 
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ˣҪԵģΪ
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һڶӾͱŵķֻ֮ѹ


2332 ʱ֮
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ˮɽƻõʱ֮ѰӰʱһ紥ƵоӿѰȫ
ͬһʱ䣬֮أԴȻͷųޱȵϢеԶޱ̼ܵ͵ؾѹ
ͲܿƣԴ缢Ƶģͷųֲİ׹⣬Ԩ֮״ʱɡ
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޾ӵѰǳڱܰ㣬ƴƵĳȪгȥ


2333 Ϥİ
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2334 
ǰеԨӣȻʺеһЩƣϸԱȣȴԵĲͬ
ˣԵ٣ȴնգɱ֮Ⱥ֮ƣ
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Ѱһ־ӿͷϳֱǰȥ
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ѰЦһﵹǺܻ룬ȻΪԼҪһж


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2336 ֮ ƨͨ
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֮⣬޷һ֣Ȼ֮ȴͬͺñͬһɽῴɷ壬Զߵ͸ͬ
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䣬ǸӰȻĵҶԹƨͨΪҪҵĶ䣿

һ̣ȫ𾪣Ŀ࣬û뵽Ͼ˸۵Ĵ
ֱֱǷˣ
һֱѰһҲɵۣųǵ˵ĵԨֵᡭᡭ
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һߣ׼۾Ϊ̫УҲƵһŴˡ
Ȼ֣һҪָ˿˻


2337 ʦ
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Ѱֻڣ³һ֣

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ӳ̾ʦҵƫǲǶʦָ㣬ħϣ;űѹڴˣ

˵ţӴɢʮأԵ֮꣬ԱѹҺʦ֮䣬ԸִĴвͬĿˣʦΪβɱңֻǡѹ


2338 ʦֵ֮۵
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ƾ˻Ѱ϶ѹУӸʲô֮ģҲϲϴĸ档
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۵
ͬʱѰü
Ϳе֪֮츳ɽǡȥһʦȴ£Ҳŵһˣ֤ʦУСʦĴϣĴ
˶٣˵ң򲢲ôΪΪ֮飬ұѹܹ꣬۵нܣ֤һ¡
Ǿǣʦ𡭡ˣ֮֮
˵ԴǼ価źһ־ԵԸ

ˣȻѹӲΪԼ֮ǴģΪԼħϣ;
һУ޷Ǵ֮ˣ
һ죬ȥҵʦ֤֮ʦ𿴣ԳϣԼĿε֮
ڣҪģλľţȥһСʦܡ
ȫš
˵ⷬһӣǷżе޵ߣΪߵͣԱŲƵ˼Զ
տؼ䣬ֻʣɽǰѰԼھ֮ϵӣ
ʦֵܶ˶ڴˡ
ѹ֡

ͬʱ
뷽żԶһϿС
һϮ۵ϸ򼤶㵸Ǵ磬һǴˣ
֣Ҫʺĵط뿪𣿡³ҲЦòͣ
ȷˣ
С˫ֻǰЦݲá
ϣħѣ衣
ǲҪ̫磬һʱԳơˡļһѾ֤ͨĵǺεȿֲ죬ѰѳɵۣҪӮһ۵²ǰס
Ψдһ˿ǡ
һʱϸ򡢰³޷߳Ͽȣȴܹ紫
λ˵һοʼʱҲһʱʱҲлǳвƼգඥ֮УǡˡҲ
Ѱ֣͵ز⡰ˡѰʦ֣ȴǵж԰Ĺϵ
ϧƬϿȳɬĴƣ޷ȥֻаԽ
Ȼʮգ㲻̫ġϸɷš
ȻүʱͦСӵģòϣСӴӲް̣֮һΣ϶Ҳ⡣
ԶⲽɱһڴڹԵģȻһϡ
Ҫ˵ʲôѲʱϸ򡢰³СϢ񣬾

ң֤ʦˣ
żǰѰЦӡƫִɿĴĪԹ
Ҳٶ˵ֱӵӣҪ۵
ʦȲ𣿡
ЦƵᣬܼ򵥣Ǵ֮ԵжԿʦҲ۸㣬ʹ徳ʼųپʥ׼۾һһд裬ֱ۵۾ܼ󾳡
Ҳ峡۵
ֻҪӮһΣұشһ⡣
峡۵ҶˣǾƾСʦ㴦á
˵⣬ӿ棬񣬡ˣʦҲΪ㣬ֻҪһһݱɡ
򲢲ӡ
峡۵עԷֳյʤ
Զ޵ԣĲص۵ʽڴ֮ϵĲͬУѰһһѹԴԼĵ;޿ĸʤһ
Ѱ꣬Ҫ´У
ȷû뵽ӻҪ
ģʦֿɲ̰ͼĴС
ӵȻҪռʦʱԴ֤ȴŵһҲˣ
ѰʶףжʦƫִԹǱѹҲ޷Թ
Ѱ룬ȷҪô
˶һ㵣ǿѰµ˷һδҲ̫
Ҫ֪۵Ĺ򣬱ǵģĿܺ£
ȷ
ɫƽһ־ԵĴݡ
ڣѰ̲š
ӲЦˣָָѰСʦܣɽˣûһ޳ıСˣڷɽۼؽǡʶûмܱȵùңʦ𡢴ʦڴˣҲ޿ָժ
ң뵱꣬ʮھ۳ɵ۵ǰϦʦ𷽴֮˵֮ʤ
ʱɽ˭̺͵ǣʦ˵㻰
Ӹң
Ϊ֮ңǿžԵ̣
ԸɵıȵԼ
λıСʦܣȴԼ۵зڡ
ӸеЦֲ֮࣬ЩߣóЩЩʦʦǣϲ˵ӵĺû
ȴѰȻˣЩʦʦ㡭йһ֡ζʦָ˵Ŀ֪νʦ֣ԭǸͽ
ͷĬ
̧ͷʱɫѾһƬƽݶ⣬СʦܣжҵƫѸٹ̣޿ɸı䡣ţ۵аˣͻΪղ˵Щеεġ


2339 úܲ
ѰȻҲ䣬л˵ʼɡ
䣡
ϢȻϱѹƣֱֳ־Ϊ
ˣ֮ϵӵȻҪҵĴܣԵ侳ʼ
ѰûзϻΪѹƵ侳ͬʱĿ⿴ӡ
ܺ棬ѹӣʲôԼ
Сʦܣ֮Ƿ֮ûҪֻһ䷨ɡ
˵ţӴŲһ̤ٿ䣬ƾճѰǰʮ֮ء
΢΢һЦҵ־ҲҵĵڣҾ֣ܳұ֤һƽ۵Ծ
¡
ϢҲ֮ѹƣֳ侳ơ
һ̣ЩһĻ޵ߣԲ۾
侳֮زΣ˾ɵ춨޵ߵĴ
Ų̨֮
һΪ̫һЩи֮ԣٹע档
ӺѰݰǣǶûעһ۵
Сʦܣ롣
ӴȻڣȴֳϣﹲϢ
̬иɻ֮С
Ѱһۣԥȭ򵥡ֱӡһĸо
˵ӳֳģһԲƣôѰһȭǲУҪһȭƷ俪һеļơ
һ˫̧籧̫չ飬ɺ裬Ʒ̣翹׾档
飡
Ѱһȭ񵲡
߽´Ȼѳϸܵķ϶̳
Ѱȭһת󿪴ϣÿһȭҪմ飬ɽӴشƣǿȭŷ¡¡졣
ӼвУʩչţݲȡ
䣬ѾɱٴΣȴоĶ֮õעһս޵ߣɫԽԽأֱͷֱð亹񶯵
Ƕϲţ侳ž磬ܡ
ûǴģԱ侳յֱһϣһ£ȫûȣ
Ȼǵ۾ڣգ硣
侳ϡѰ
λ紫Уȴ˾ﵽһֿǰ󣬿˸ĵز
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һɱӴݿڣԴǼ価Ը
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У͵Ȼʦܴɣһ;ͺķѰ֮ͻƾ侳ʱŲһͯӶѡ
㲻ʦ֡
Ѱ˵ţзâһţָ֮͵һ¡
䣡
ʮأԽѹơ
ͫһĴ䵲סһȴĵ˳
Զһ󾪺˭Ҳû뵽ˡ¶ƣ
ҲڴʱѰƽڣ㣬ҡ
ֻУھ侳ɱһµһͷΡ
Ҫ֪Ѱ֮ǰһֱھһ֮λģ棡
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ȴվӰѰӵСʦܡ
䣡
һ䣬ֳΪƱ罣âҫۣ
ָһУһӿ֣Ȼ죬Ҫѹһ
ѰЦڴ˾ͬС
չӰʩչ麣Ϊ˲ܣӭϣָȭɱС
ȭâͽײ˲Ž׷ɵҫ۹ꡣ
ǿɲáӳ罣罣˼¡
Ѱͬޱǿƣòãӭɱһͬݽ֮壬һ纳ƥݿࡣ
ǵһĻԶ޵
жྪˣ˭Ҳ벻Уܹݵȿֲĵز
䣡
ûãӱһȭˣƮҷɣͫһ˿ɡ
ͻָƽ
ҡһΣ麣ڿնӰزãһ˵ĵâ
ΣоǲУ
ѰЦ˲ɱƲ㣬һʱƼҫ۵Ԫϯ
Զ˶ѿס
侳ٵڵ麣ӣѰչ¶Ծŵ֮ȫ֪߸
϶ԣѰı֣ǳԾ
ԭڣϰġˡѸֲģ֮ǰʱûΪѰӵĶ֡
ǣҲѰġ
ڣ䡢УѰչֳսҪѹһ
š
䣡
ͼ֮ϣսңٲȻһɱذ޹⡣
ͼε麣֮ȽӷһХʩչ쾳ս
վͽ͡ѰɫȻһҲٿΡ
ң뵱꣬ڹ֮֮
һʱһʱֻܵ;£ݹ۹Ž£Ѱѿɳ޵У
¡
ûãٴαãʩչ־üҲ¶һ˿ء
ȫԸӰתۼ֮ĵ춯أ
һ۵УĻᣡ
սѰҲʩչǾ־ѹ
𵴣侲ѩʩչֶΣͶ֮ͷųѹ֮ͬУ
ɲѰ
ǿѸͣҲѰһһݿ塢޷Ѱֺ
˵־еףôѰ֮
Զ޵ߣĿǰ־ΪĿһԾֻĿѣ򼤶
ȻΪ֮ɫҲ𺳣һЩϱоԼ־ֱө֮⣬ֵһӣ
أһĺ֮£ӱһƴòԵԵЩǱ
Ҫ𣿡
Ѱ֣УΨк磬ӡ
ӳһĬƬ֮󣬷û˰ЦЦ徳۵ҵȷСʦܡ

Զ궯ԺȻԣ˾ˣ
ǼԶϿУһֱעһԾİϸǣһҲŵķŻأظһЦ
ѰǵѰӲʧ
徳Ӯ˵ˡૣЩʧһиĳ̫
ЩӵߵЩ꿡壬з࣬а֮ǰһֲޱߵļһֱģ
֪֮úܲҡ
ͼѰȻڣԴǿƣʼգҲûӿ
ӳ̾Сʦܣ˵湻ġȻӮˣ֮ǰԼұشһ֪⡣
̧Ѱһ֮ǰݣ˵ɡ


2340 Ӯ
֮ǰʧӷûܵκӰ졣
ֻٿѰʱĿѴһ֮ǰûе档
·Ǵһ̿ʼŽλСʦܡһɿһսĶ֡
֮ǰ̸Ц̬ȴһָ̬
ڣ̬ѷһ˿΢ı仯
ʦֵĴУǲй¶۵ģѰȷһ⡣
Ȼˡ
ЦˣƽֱӵԶʦ֮УһĻᣬܻˡ
Ѱһӱñޱȣȱ֮٣㾹˵Ȼ޳ܣ֪Ϊ㺦ʦ֣
˵ˡ
ɫƽôһٶ֮
һ԰
ұ˽ʦֵĵк͵ϸƾϻɫȻõʦֵĴУҲϲ֡
ʦܹں͵ĶԾлʤȻмңҡ
ԴƽɣٲȻ˳ᢰ̬Сʦܹǰ棬֤ʦѾѹǲܲİΣ˵ҡ
ʦȻûɱͣҡҲҵĲ²УԺػıҵĿ
Ѱ꣬סЦô˵㻹Ϊʦֺˣ
͸żڽ⡣
ӲΪȻͷȻѹԹʼգҲûκλʦŵ˼
й¶ʦֵĴУѵͲѰ
ӷʣ֪˭ƥ򣿡
ѰڣԹԴȻңⷽżУֻһˣң˭ֹ϶ƻǷɽ֮ͥأ
˵⣬Цζҽ϶شʦҪѹǲ˳ˡ
꣬Ѱޱ飬磬Ҳı䲻й¶ʦִеʵ
ЩȻСʦܣҾʥʮɵۣѹҵĵ̣֮꣬ϣı֮Ҳ¡
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ѵһľţ˭޷һ㡣
ɴӵɵһ̿ʼͱѹڴ£û֪ȫ޷ԣζʲô
ˣЩ
ѰѻߵϢ
۵ѣȴ㻮ֳ˶أֻҲ޾԰ܹһܡ
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䣡
ҲȻ仯ƮȻ޵и֮ɡ
ܡϸϸƷһзӲӷâСʦ㲻а
ǰҲǽڽִжʱ籩磬к˼䡣
Ѱһӣ콣Хɱϡ
¡
սٶȱضԺ
ͼʱھ֮ϼɱʱƴ֮棬Ͷǿ֮
ԶսУһѾʼе޷ŵսϸ΢
Ψгپ֮ϵ޵ߣҡҷ
һʱ䣬ⷽżǰٲȻͬһ֮پŸεİؼͷš
Ѱòϣλʦֵȷһ죬ľ־ơһǾɾޣ֮
ɶѰԣһվ
䣡
ӺѰԼ֮ɱֱӱõɳȥƬݣɽ
ܣ
ڶ۵ˣ

ԶȻÿһд޷ţһ̣еߵλʼҡˡ
䡢Ҳס֮ǰһĻĻɽХ㣬ļĳ߸ǵĸйۺ֪
˾ʧ
˭ûģ
ã
ȴսУ̾ɫ侹Ǻ޾ɥʡŭ֮ɫĴݺˡ
峡۵ѾΣٰһΣɾİˡѰɫͬƽϲ
ЦұУѵõıǿɿ֣֮Сʦܡûʧ
ѰüϻЩˡ㣬ΪҪʦڣͼͨ۵ķʽʦʦΪ
ҡͷֻϿҵĴ֪ڷɽϣʦ𣬵ҵĴΪ𣬶νҪΪʹӡ
Ѱ湻ġ
ЦˣΪʵҵĴҲע֮ϡ
Ѱȥֱӵұ㣬ѰڣĴע֮ϵĻᣡ
䣡
һ䣬ֳʥ֮ʼɡ
ЦЦҲ֮ʥ꣬ʥʱºԸգ죬Һܺ棬СʦĺԸʲô
˵ţѶ֣̽һץ֮ܵǣһ
ˣ
֮ʮ֮
һʱ䣬ӳĵٲȻͬһִװ㡣
֪Ѱ
ȻȻڡ
ǿ
Ѱ˻һһ㶣ЦСӳܲŻ˵㻰
شģѰɴĹ
䣡
Ӱ飬巢⣬Ԩ֮䣬纣ա
ûİЦҡͷŲ̤ӽɱ
ʼգ߽Լ棬ͨյĵս֮С
һʱ䣬λʥսУ糱ؼӿֲֳ˼
Զʥ˼ˣ޲Ķƾɽֹ֮̾С
׼ۼˣҲԼʥе裬ҲԲλ֮С
۾򱳼ֱð亹
ΪԽߣԽ;֮ȱݣԺעΪԼǰеϰ
Ҳʱ֪Լĵ;̸ϲҲ̸Ƕˡ
ʥ֮µǿߣ޷ŵȲεĴء
ʥ
ʥ
ʥ
սҺͿʩչĵѳ˵
˵ԶսߣǿչŵЩڴˣҲע𺳵
գ۵Уӻǰˡ
Ѱʥһѹڵأҵôعѣ̳ϯԵúòǱ
ȫžš
ս޵һ̽סͫƲţ۵еġˡٴΰˣ
ѹּžķΧУӴӵվֵ˵ɫƽŲԶѰãȻһЦ
һδеֲܹʦҲԸȴ¡СʦܣʲôҪʵģ
ԴҲƽ⣬κһ˿ķŭɥʧͲʣͷ·αܣûκӰƵġ
޷ľԵü£
Ѿװˡ
Ѱγƽ֮ǰ˵أӴ˿ƾˣ


2341 
š
޵޷ܣҲòϣ峡۵ѰʤѵڳӮˣ
ͼЦ峡۵δ
ҪѰü
ӵȻСʦܣ㲻Ҫڵ;֮ʲô𣿡
¡
Ӱɢ׼۾ƣͫӿ⣬Ī⡣
ãǾܵķڷ
Ѱ
䣡
ھ׼ۼһ棬ʹĻ
ս֮ҪΪҺģżǰأĪĶУҲ
ľ
Щ۾ҲϢüھɫ
ǲǾ۵۾Ǿ׼ۣǰûмʶ׼۵
ҲǴʱŷ֣بԽĵ۾ǵѲסӡѰˣ
߽֮޷óսԿֲףչֳ֮ʢѹǹһĵ۾
̫¡
ȥܵ߸ӴĹ֪
һɱУѿʼˣ֮ǰһδʹ䣬£սȡ
䣡
ͼУݺХ֮·ţo
ɫǰƽׯ࣬ӿź˵âÿһзɽ󺣣ֲ֮޷
ƾǿ󣬽ԱѰһһʲôʲôԱѹ
ӣѰһһԳֳ򵥶ֱӣȴ򷨲֣޼᲻֮ơ
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־ӰûѪ˭ӰЩģļ
ʧǣװĵˡҪ̳ˣ
Ϊβ䣬䲻𣿡Ѱڡ
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ɼˣȴƻ޸оһվȣٶɱ
Ѱü
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Ҳ֤Զһϵĺݽɫɱȡ
ֻǣѰʵ벻ףѵ˴ʱӻʲôԼȥɡ
ʱƣսˡ
ӰģƣڼţԵǿޱȡ
Ѱ뽫һѹǼȫսҲ޷ӻ
һһɫҲעǰױѹ
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ЩӲ壬ǻǳѣΪ䵣ǡ
ǣֻһָоǼһʶѰ
˶ֻ֧ܿţӵеսָǺεȿֲ
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ѰüѴʱ㻹˼п
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ЦܹԼ֤СʦܵĴȻǰˣҲҲʤϲʤο
ʦֶʦޱİϡ
һɲѰȴʶʲô΢У֮ǰ۵УһֱڴĦҵĵ;
һȻһЦ̾Сʦܻ棬˵ˣҲǴĦѾ֮;׶죬Ȼģ
룬˵ƶϣǰĵ;Ӧ޹ֹһΣΨڳɵ֮ǰеޣΪؼ
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Ѱ΢𲻶ͨ۵д裬Ӿܶ˶飬һδҲ̫£
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۸ϡʶ츳ݡһ
ѰɣܹӵĶ¾Ǻӵе츳йء
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ЦúͣΣλǵöлСʦܣĵ;ףʦȴһִңڶĴ֮ѿԡ
תŷżһһ٣
ϡ
䣡
Ǿ޴״ɽһ͵ؾϼڣ糱к
˵ĸоͷ·Ǵɽ֮£һoӳƷѹϵɽ䣡
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˭Ҳû뵽ڽеĳ۵֮󣬾˾䡣
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Ѱ䣬Զķżܹܵɽ֮£һֲޱߵϢھѡ
ⲢƣСʦ㲻£ҲԴĽ
ӵȻڣԴ⣬ȴоԵԸζ
Ѱ£Ҫ㣬ΪͿԽЩ޹޵׼
ӷʣСʦܣһ·ɱ֮ˣ޷˰ɣɱ˵ɣҺγˣͬɱˣҡ𡣡
ѰŭЦѰ£Ӳκ캦бɱ֮£أʮ׼
Զ޵ɫ䣬ëȻԼѾʶѰ˵׼ʲôˡ
ٿʱĿжѴϾֺţ޷󣬱ǷĵˣѪȲп֮£
¡
Զɽһζϯҡҡ׹֮ơ
ӷûвѰԶ޵ߵķŭȻ
СʦܣУǻҿֻǴ֮ϵĳҲͳûʲô𡣡
ֻݴ֮ϣ֤㲻֮ĳΪϲԵף𣡡
˵һƬȣƸп⣬ǵҺʦĴ֮һʦ𣬵һ죬һ֤˭Ĵʤһ
ѰȻ侲ģҪʧӰҪȵԺ𣬱ˣղѾĳ˵ҪȫƾãڣĪҪڣ
һ£ЦӴӲᷴڣȻѹ꣬ڣ
˶٣һһٵСʦţ峡۵ûпʼء
˵һ־ѱΪ꣬
ͬʱԶһɽ
Ȼ


2342 ˼ĵüؼ
ɽؾ
ϼ糱ˮŰɢϯʮء
ǷżӴݱٵɽţԲ׸
طɽͳĻԻͣӡÿһ紫еĵεΡ
ڣһɽ泾
Ѱ䣬ԣӿŭ
ӣʼնƣ
Զ޵ɫɷףѾʶֻӴܣٲͣڳС
ǶԤУܽһɹϵս
һ̣Щ۾ɫأһˣǱκ˶۾֮սͷųܣܻٵƬɽӣ
οӣѰһĵ۾
û˭ԸⱻҪսֻܶԶԶġ
Ӽֱ̫թһʼƴ磡
ǼԶϿУ³ŭ֮
İϸ򡢴СǵɫҲòߵĶԱһһУĻ᲻Ѱ֮ǰӵ۵ȫǱˣ
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˭Ҳǰһһ꣡
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ۿɼƲϱǣӭ貵⣬Եޱҫ۲á
Զ麧ȻԶԶţһ˵Ŀ־塣

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Զǲпġ
ЩˣǴ֮ع㣬֮ࡣ
츳ݣ۸յӵԶ޵ߵʣâɡ
ӣеĶڣǡһ֣ͿԿ츳εȿ¡
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Ȼǵ۾ҲֽűͷƤ飬Ϊ֮ʧɫ
һȭѾϷɣѹ˼䣡
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ѰǰԾصһȭͬ
ϸָһХǧÿһһĪĵ۵̲ͬߴ壡
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ǵ龰Կ˸Ž
ϾʦֵܣǾ۵;֮ϵĿۣ˵ȶԾ紫˵˼ĵüؼ


2343 ۾
¡
طɽ㡣
ֻĴɱ֮˷ϯ籩Ű˼䡣
ȼ۾֮壬ǿǣҪôɳȥҪôرܿ
𾪿ȥ
ͼԶսУһƬҵشǻĳɽɻңعѳһ޴Ĺ֡
һ棬ǿ
ǵɴ۾Ȼ۾ҲԱϡ
ӣͣ
ͼѰӰȻէ֣ڿգԨЮƥ֮ɱ¡

СʦܣսŸտʼĪ
ӳ߽ɫȻžΨһˣʮơ
¡¡
һμսһ̫ɽײÿһײõݣձֳɲ
е羪׹죬ӳĩѾ䣬׹㡭
һĻĻƳ׵Ļ棬õһ۵սԵĿֲ
ȶԾ磬Ƿǽһ綼ɣ
ϸܷ֣ѰÿһɱԱס··磬ô޷ƿѡӵ߽赲
Ǽ۾Уһ
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սУѰһȣȭǣһ¯㣬Юѹܣ¡¡ѹȥ
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ޱ飬ɲǼʩչʮߵÿһֽԿϵ۾ˮ׼̵۵֮۷أܲ
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һ·ӵϴϣΣסѰĹˣ򱻴ء
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Щ۾￴ӵǿѴﵽһ޷ĵزꡢΪԿͨǵأס
Ѱֲ
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б˵âѰһֱƽݵɫҲǵһα
ʶһʼԼƺ͵͹ԼСʦӵеĵ̺


2344 
ӵģͬ޷ƽ
֮ǰĳ۵ѽѰ֮;Ȼģ쵽Ѱڵ;
Ϊ峡۵УѶѰһеԼȽλСʦܻܡ
ɽ
ȴȫϣ
һ˲䣬ӾƶϳԵɡ
Ѱھ۳ɵ֮Լ޷֪һɱ䣬һɱ䣬
죬һ
ӿǿҵԤУѰڵ۾֮ϵĵ;עйأ
ֻǣĴǣҲ޷ƲĶ
ֻ֪УѰĵ;һУѿƹһ
Ҳ֪ǿճ֮ϣھ۳ɵʱѰĵ۽Ǻεֲ֮ͱ̬
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СʦܣܵסĹӱ֤ã
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һĵ۾ǿڴˣԻᱻȫ壬ȫѹ

ѰչӰڴŭΰĺѨϾ磬۽綼һ̼תõ嶼ò
¯ΪԨ
ҲѰһͬԾУԼһкޱؼͷš
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һĻ˶Ŀɿڴֱϲ֣֮Ѱ

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˫ƺʮסһĨϸӨĽâ
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2345 ؾԿ
֮ǰڴ󲿷˿ˡӣ󼫾ͷţ³һѿޣ޿ƥС
ȻѰǿҲӦõס²䣬ˡ
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ѰȻɣƽڸһ·򣬰նʦֵֻ·ѡ
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ûע⵽ѰĻĴǷһĨ޵Ļȡ
Цˡ


2346 ʤ˼һ
ؿݰܣɽ̮ܡ
ѰҲһ̾
Լͬճȴ˱ԴǰյĿɽг󡭡
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ѰʱȻ

Ƿɽ崫˵ĵţҲʦ֡
һҲԣʥؾͽзؾɽͳ̾ڴˣһڴڴУ֮е顣
ǵܵ˴÷ɽʥؾϲܻӣ
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ط꣬ѰˣóһƿƿصļֽһЩʡζóкϸǿʼơ
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ط꣬Եƻۡ
οϸǱѰʱͽύĹֵܣòײؾһѰ֮ϲãԱ


2347 ڣ
ʱ٣緢ӳⷽ١
ط꣬¸˴ƽ̸Ǹпꡣ
ֱϸ򡢰³Ƕˣһᣬ˯
ССأƴơ
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Ҳ˵½磬ǡԴĵĵط
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˽ЩѰҲԾû뵽ڣʮսеһս
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2348 Դ 
ϢأǺİУһƬӰ
ǻðźŲƼУִ⼣߲ıУһ֧ڤ߳Ĵ
ģǧٹ֣ǲȱģҪôȱ첲ȣҪôø࣬еĽֻһ߹Ǽܣеûͷ­
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2349 俪һѪ·
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2350 ּäɮŮ
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ҲڴʱڿǻڵŮӵģ˶ʱ׻㣬ǡ
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2351 
ܶǰ֮С
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ؼһƬѪɫһöɵСɽУѪˮѪʡ
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ҲʱѰ˵Ϲ֮һλ޵սۣ죬սģһ˹ڸһ£֮ͬߣ԰޹⣡
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2352 Ǩ
Ѱĳʱս۵ӰϢɢһƾӨĹꡣ
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˵СڣѿɷģԵǿձ˰档
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2353 
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2354 ׺ ˲֪
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2355 Ȫ
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߱Ѫսһ֮Σˣ졣

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ֻǣתգһһǿټѰʧ½꣬õһλʮջƻѺٱ
νɽв˳ɧꡣ
ܱ괵ȥپɾ޵ĸܣʧ˺ܶҲ嵭ǵļ䣬ʧȥӵеĹâֻʣһЩţת
˭Ҳû뵽ǰܾĿĴ棬ʱ
һʱ䣬ĿⶼˢˢѰ͸𾪡
Ҷ˪򼤶Ǻ죬ѩ׾ӨȭͷգСʱүү˵ڡѰ¼УҲ㽺Ľ֮ʥ֮
ȴ룬֮ǰԼǰȴȻԼСΪĽǸ棡



2357 ȥյ
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ʥŻԣġħ񡱾һɫĽɫ
Ǳ¾Ĵͳˣ֪
ǿףҲѹ
£þսĴʤ֮õڹŻҲﵽǰĵز
Ծ֮
ǶЩѰԹԣʱѰֱͳǵĲԲʳѰ
ֱѰ뿪Żǰ治á
֪ϢŻͳֱħ񣬽Գ˿
û뵽ȥ½ħļһ
ٺӾ侲
շͬʮѰΪʥؿҲǳصģ
ŽЩգŻǱߣҲһЩ˵ı仯ԶԶ޷½ȣҲʥصθһأ
Ѱ㲻òֵġ
ٺȻָƽ¶ӺݶĮ̬ʱѹȥ£㵱ҫ۵֪
ʶѰѰʶ֪Էʥصһλϣ㹻ˡ
һʱּž˾ɲ
ٺ˵٣ʮšӿ֣ʤ
ÿһڵ;ȡõ裬֮²֪ٺ䶯
ǶԱȣѰġϱѾԵѷɫ
ЩҶ˶ǣûʧ
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ʱ̭
ϼһŸͲ֪ЩѰǿչŵ¼Ŀ
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֪ĵ̣ʧЩΪдҲִ£ֹó׵ʥأҶЩߡһѣ
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Ѱüâ˵һСС׼ۣʥˣҲʸĳа塣
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ԪѰ߬Ув̽
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Щٺһǰĸ峤һð㱻򣬴Ҳû뵽Ѱֱӣ˰Ե˵ɱɱͲٺӵݺε
޼ɵ޷̬ףλ׵۹ɧϴķ֮ε֮ǿ
Ҷ˻ûʧ磬ΨҶ˪еޱʹ죬⣬ǰɱúã
ҶС߿ЦŮԸʱ򣬿ϧѲᡣ
Ƭ̺ѰָһٺӵԪͱ
ˣǸ峤ңɫҵٺӶˣѰĹЩӹ
ȻͼѰһӣһʥµ峤Աѹ
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ӣˣȥˣƬ̾ͻء
ĿؿѰʧĵطҶС߶ͣ˵
ٿǶһ峤һҶ˼ֱεĸо


鵺
˵أԭһСȺ֮̾أʥؿͨ½磬һʱͽ鵺ռ֮Ϊݵ㡣
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¡
ڷ鵺ϵؽֽ㣬˲ͺȻ飬ɢ

ֲڵϲͬʥشˣ˲䱻ͻͽû
ת˲ѪȵɫȾϣһƬһƬس֣Ƿ鵺ȾɴĿɺ졣
˭ǰʥصҰ
һУһڴ׼ǿ߻ȻӰһ
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ֻЩʥµǿߣӹһѡ
ɵѪʱһֱŵ̱ڵء
ƶϡ
ѰҲŲƳȥ
ֱҶҵķµʱǰŲյʱ䣡



2358 ּ
յʱ䡣
ҶС߶ԣո´ǲ˽Ǹ峤һһ
ҶЩ߲ٿһ̴ٵĻ顣
ݺܼ򵥣ѰУܷ˳ȻЩʥץߵҶһӵܡ
жûףϰµġ
ȻǶѰ֮Ҷ˪ҲĲ㡣
±仯½ѷ츲ر仯ȫһˡ
ĸıǣ½磬پ߶һȺˡ
ǿʤ֮꣡
绽ģʥ֮ϵĴڣǶһž𶯵׼ۣ
ңʮ꣬ǿʢ˶ɣ۾ʱܿͽ١
£ʧŶ֮ٶȹѰܷдǰĴ棿
˭Ҳ¶ۡ
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ҶСȫס⧲ǰ󲻹յʱ䣬ͻˣ
֣Īǡ;ʲô⣿ҶС߽סʡ
ҲĿ⿴Ѱ
һȺ߹ѣĿʲôˡ
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ҶСߺݺһԴûʲôǰүүĴ磡
Ҷ˪鶯µµһתЦүү
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´Ҷ˪һָۣһһе伮ͻӡӿԺС
Ѿͷⲿʺ㣬͵ǼˣԺҪúȡճүү
ѰЦ˵һ䣬ͽҶС߽뿪
Щ飬㵥ҶСһġ

Щ½羿˶ٱ仯ľΣ
һ׵ĵУѰʵ
ҶС߷ϵѰʣ̾½ʮľƻ
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ЩϵͳǹŻеȻЩԶ½վȽŲƿɽء
ֱ׵۹µĸѲ棬ѽ̨
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ʮǰգΪ׵۹֮أϽҲǲ仯Ǿ֮ԶԶطܹ⡣
ȣϽǵĹģڶ̶̰ʱ䣬ǧ࣬ɽХ㱬õƵƵ಻˼
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ˣ۵ռ䡢ؾ̳֡
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⣬ѰǷ̹ǵĺ⡣
ҶСæ֣ȱģϽǲͶ֮ǰ۹ҵĺĳԱԼϴķּҵˣʧˡ
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ҶСߵͷ½֪Ҳû֪۹Һּҵˣȥǻ
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ҶСҡͷഫŲԱ֤ǼٵģҲ˵µһš
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Ѱƽӱÿ¡
ҶС߿ɬɳµɲԹŻĴͳ䶼ԣһнΪ𡭡
ңѰü
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ҶС˵⣬૵ã۹ҺּҵЩѾʧĻ
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ͼѰϣȻͷųһɿֲޱߵɱ⣬ǵأѹȵҰ㱼䣬ʬɽѪ١۱±ȵȿֲ֡
һ˲ҶСߵľбĸо
ãҲһ˲һɿֲ޷ɱõҶС߳˿ֻǻѱ亹ʪ
ҶС߲ȻѰΪﵽ˺εȿֲĸ߶ȣ
ӣ췢ϢҪй¶ȥҲ֪Ѱˡ
ѰɫǲΨһӵĮĿ¡
ҶС߶ʱȻЩŻͳ֪Ѱ½磬յʱ䣬ͽʥص̤֮̾ƽ϶ᾯͷ
Ϊ˶ԸѰǼܻץѰйصˣԴΪҪЮ


2359 Ͻ
죬ҶСѰйصһϢ
ҶСߺѰڷ鵺ϵ飬עһֱȥ
ֻҪʱû֪ѰģѾˡ
ڵ죬Ѱ̣ǰ׵۹Ͻǡ

޷ƲһûӰӵڸٷš
ƬضѰѹƷǳһ۾ԲΪѹڵ۾һزΡ
ѰٶȣԽԽ죬ԶѰɱȡ
ͬһ޵ĹƵģÿһŲƣֻ˸һ£ʧ֮⡣
ণ
ϣ̾ݣЩǧɳݣгȺû崳Щ򣬻ЩҪѵһ¡˲ͱѰԶԶ˦
ҵֵǰģźεȿֲǿΪҲ˲ײĩ
ѰһŻ㣬ȼա
Եּ֪˺͵۹֮ʧٵϢѰһ
¹ѧԺʦ硢õѵϢѰɱӿ
ң뵱꣬һ߹Ż򣬴ѣԵУһ·ѪȺɱҲ˺ϵͳ
ھ֮ĻΪŻӮʷһδʤ֮Ż˸СѰ
Ȼͨ콣ڡʥȴͳҲֻǰǰѹ
Ѱû뵽Щĳڵִ½֮󣬻ΪѰһ˵Եʣͻٵ¹ѧԺ
浱Ѱʧ𡭡Ѱɱڣƽ͵Įˡ
ӶҶҵϽǣǰŲ֮ء
պ׵۹Ľʮٱúǰȫһˡ
ѰٶȣҲŲʱſϽԭڵ
һ·ϣǳأܵЩǳУкܶϢǱأʥﲻǿߣ׼۴ڡ
ڻҰУΪգֳԭʼİľççɽɼޡ
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ҲĴڻҰ֮ɱսҷƣĿΪ̡
ˣ壬ԸһɽӰռٲȻռɽΪǿᡣ
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ѰԾЩǿ죬֪㳬ĳǳغ硣
ܹӵϽģɲ
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Ѱ˼ʱݹһתƮȻ䣬ϽǶȥ
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ϽУʢһɽɽ֮£򿪱Ľֵֵֽ࣬۴αȰУȺУӿˮƵġ
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ʮգʮ׺
ѰʶӦУ̸ֽͨһһɸѡһЩҪϢ
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ϾգʱƣԽԽĻԵճ
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ҲΪơͣսЭ顱ԼõϽʮУޱȵĶʢͷ
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ʤߣͿΪӮһЩ̡
һͱЩ֮䷢ģѪͻ
磬Ͻгһµġ۵ؾôΪ۵ؾĿȨЩŻͳͻѡγһһľ۵棬ջʤߣͿΪӮһ۵ؾ
ֵһǣҲԲ뵽۵Уȴޱȿ̣ǾҪǹŻÿһͳѡĶ֣
սʽɵڶɱǿߵϣ
һ룬޵˭һһЩŻϸѡĶ֣
һ˵ӮˣĳؾڹŻһڵͳƤ£˭ָܰԵ
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գԭ½ı˵Ĵ
ȴŻЩͳռƿأԵȾָɣǸûн½С
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ͥŲʵٶȼ֮죬һʱ䣬Ѱ˵ϴķڵ
ֻǣϴķģʱ͵ش䣬кâ·ܴƲ񷡣
ôˣ
Ŀ⻷ҫ۵ϴķ壬ɽĲݴһƬ֮ء
ϸǲԫϱڣ⵽ɲĺ
Ҫ֪ﵱѰƷ󣬴ͭǽڣɺȻյЩϴķ屻˻ˣ
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Ͻطȣϴķ壬Եøߺ䣬㡣
Ѱɫվǣʶ糱ɢϸ̽
ϧȴһ
ֻһЩɢ޵߸򣬶Ƭָָ㡣


2360 ɱ
ּ֮̾أּ֮ȴʧ٣ϴķ嶼˻ˡ
һ˴Сɫ˸Уڣ׵۹ɿܻᱻŻЩ
˵⣬˱죬Ȼ»ӿڳֻɫѴһ˿ŭ
ּ֮ڸգ£ʧЩּ֮ٹ⣬ѻ۷棬һǽ塣
꣬п޳
ʲôѰʲôڸǰͣɿܻԼر٣
Ҳ˲мЦ£Ӣ콾Ѱʱϻˡ
޵ߣָָ㣬Ȼûע⵽ԶһӰεˣ
ҲС桭⣬ѰеΪᣡ
Ѱૡ
һ̡
һɿֲɱѰӿֱ֣˺Ʋ㣬ա
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Ͻ𶯣̧˴ֻԼǿֲɱ죬ĩա
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ͻȻðһǿߣϽͷųɱ⣬˶⾪㤡
̾ڳйŻͳԼڳԶ䣬һɱȴǰ޼ɵǻᴥŻۣ
䣬һЩˣͫһϳɱĵطȻǵĿּϴķ֮ء
ͬʱҲ޵߷׷׸һ̽
ϧǵִǴƵɱʧѰӰҲƾʧ
ϴķżֻһЩŵ̱ӰʱҲûиղɱ⣬Ǵġ

յʱ
Ѱ۹ʹԭڵλá
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ʵϸѰͷ֣һԼ׵۹ʱ½Ѿ仯
ڵ۹ڣޣؼҲŨ࣬׸ǰס
Ѱȴû뵽ٴιʱ羹ѱòͬ
ʱһƬۻӵɽǰɽſգɽɫ⣬ʥׯࡣ
ԭǵ۹ʹ֮أ
ڣȴһããɽͨɫأͻͺ嫣׳ޱȡ
Ϳκһ˿۹ʹӰӣ
Ұ̩ǡҲ𡭡
ѰȻ
ҶС˵ʱ۹Һϴķּ˽ʧΪһš
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鱦ʥܾ֮أ˵ȣ뿪һԶɽ
Ѱ䣬鱦ʥذռɫɽһۣתȥ
Ľֵϣˮ
쳾
ѰȻһС
±ãټϽǣѱİѣδ䲻
䵱ԼľӪϴķ壬ȴڹʱһƬ棬Ѱе类棬Ƶӿɱ
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ЩֻЩѾȥ
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ʯիֲʵˣС㣬Ҫֱӽɱ˱ǣһѣҲ̣ʳ
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2361 ж
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Ϊϣڳ󼲻ۣⵤҩˮУҪһ̷ˣΪܵ
ʯйӿ˵ůۿʪˡ


2362 ˺ɱ
յʱ
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ѰķԸһŵҩˮһһ¶ǣֱоֹͣͣˮĿ
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ٺٺ٣үֱ˵½磬˭ܶѰһëүҸԸӣүү
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ʯˡ



2363 ش
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Ѱų߲ü߳ӣһ·ϣûκһ
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׼ۣ£ٲȻͬװĴڣԹʸϽˣ


2364 
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ӵŴʥΪĳ߲üԣѾܹߵĴڡ
ǻжϣʶΪ߼ңĿǰֻһλ׼
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2367 Լսϴķ
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Ŀɿڴ𺳡
ԴҲû뵽Ϊ˶ԸѰһˣ˶׼۾֣ȳ˾ͱ



2368 ̫
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2369 ֪
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2370 ɱ¾
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ǰǡƲ׺һڡ


2373 Դ֮
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ۼѰѪɫӰǷһȣһӳҫ۴Ŀ׵绡Х

Ѱһק˺㣬׻˺ɷĩǿһͿ
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֮ղѰһžеĴۺǧٱ


2374 ̽Ѱջ
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ȭͷ׻ʯУͻ֮ԴͬǲȱԷѰɱȡ
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üȻһĨأ


2375 Դĸ
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ѰĸӦǴԨԼݷһɿֲ֮Ϣеһѹ֡
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Ѱһð˵һ䣬չѹȥ£ΪΪ֮

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˵ǣϻˬʵЦݣɶȴԵǰͻȻ
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մɫ粻ǿѣǺ⣿ɴӲѡ
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ѰָմȻ飬ѪɽУֻʣһԪ񣬱Ѱ߬С
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ϧȼѰûãĵģ죬޿ɺĿܻᱻͶ쵽
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ѰŶһЦе֪ʲôֱӴԪѲɣָ㣿
˭룬ȴһȥ̬˻ѣô֤ѻĵһʱ䣬ұٵԪ񣡡
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ѰȻؿһۣŵͷԡ
ӵԪɿֿڣ˵˵ҪѰԴİأǰδ
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ҪִԴĺ֮أƾһһѰܰ쵽
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֮ǰ֮أӦһԴĸ㼴㽫ԴĸеȫѰһ飬Ҳֻ֣ᷢûһ·ֱͨԴĵġ
պӵ˵Ѱ֮ǰĻУԼеġ׶ͳΪԴĸ
⡰ԴĸУֲʤԴ磬һӵԹûһ·ֱܹǰԴĺĵش


2376 ۾ͨ
꣬Ѱü
̽ѰԴĺİأҪҵЩּˡ
ɰ˵Դĸеؾ羹Ƕ಻ʤҲζţҪҵЩּˣֻˡ
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ѰȻһֱݷ˵أ֪Դĺ
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·Ѱٶʡ
ʹӦ
һ뿪Դ磬ءԴĸ֮⡣
ѣҵһ䣬ԽǿԴĺģԽΣգ֪ںܾǰвٿֲǰ̽ѰеˣҲеĺһһֱݷԴԴС
˵ţָԴĸһ׶ԴУһ·ͨؾ硣
Ѱ˵ͷչжӰһС
ָ£Ѱϰ棬߹һһԴ硣
һ·ϣҲѼԽԽġԴȻЩ̵ĴԴأٶȱȴڲϻۡ
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һ·ʮ죬ҲֵޱʵѰδɾ裬ӿǹܱģթͽƻ

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֪ʱ𣬹ī֭㣬ؼžһѹĵĿֲ֮
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׽ٹУѰֻʣһƼ־ԪԼ̨һ
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𣬲ΪͻһѰ񶼱Ʈһ·ҲǱʵˡ
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ΨһǺϢǣԴĺ֮أѾԽԽˡ
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Ѱش𣬺ͳѡڵָ䱻Ĩ˼䣬һ硯ϵӡ



2377 
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ӵԣصļһһ̣һ磬ĨĽɫԳǺеһöӡ
Ѱ˵ͷͺһ𣬽һԴ硣
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ֱһ󣬼Զĵƽϣһͺͺ֦絶ƽ񷣬¶ڵرʯ
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Ϊһĺ󷽲ԶһްŻֻҪͨһŻִܵԴĺģ
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һ˲Ϊ֮ʧɫ


2378 ڷ
춯صĺ
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Ԩƣѹ֮ƣ񷣬ǰɫңһ֮Ҳ֮ݡ
ƾǿӰελ⣬Ҳͳͳͽ͡
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ٿԶӰգ뷢ʲݣɫòԽȴ
ݣŻѪĥĶ֣գȴԷһѹ
ûвۣûбԷӷ֮ƣչһ̣Ѵݿ࣬޿ƥУ
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ɿӰζִƴϣڴ֮ϣԼԶѷһ
á
ӰԳЦЦֱ񷣬ִڶģ֮ڰж֪һܣף֮Ӧֶ֮⡭
ƺˣҲˣɫȴįˣʱףҲ
Ŀ⿴Ѱ񣬡նģ䣬ȴõȻ֮ᣬȶ飬԰ݵͣлˣ
ԴǳϿң͸һִƼɸС



2379 
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֮ǰĶģڹڿɲӵԪһֱһֱĿհ״̬
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ȻĽѻֳŵ
ѰӰƮȻ䣬Ŀ⿴ǿӰ
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Ӱ˵ţһӣһ̸ֶŵתٶȸֳɺ쳾ķ硣
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ѰСһԲСƤƵġ
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ԭڣѰŻͳսУչֲֳ̫˭еѹ
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οѰҲûһͳ£ռ»ԵͷֻҪƿϽ⡰ʥء㹻ˡ
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ڷ·ʱ̩ǾѾѹֻûŪ״һͷˮ
ֱʱУԶЦѰʱ˶ɴ۾ΪʵΡ


2380 Դ
ү𣿡
žķΧһơ
ڵңʱѰһνϽϴķ壬ܵ΢չˡ
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Ҽúݺݵͷͺãͺð
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ౣ
һĽ𣬾ͼһŻѰԲƤƵС˿ȴչֳ˵ӲѰ֮䣬˲Ѱš
СһȻౡ
ҲǵѰ뿪ƴ壬ǰ׵۹·ϣ񵽵ĵһС顣
겻Բˣһ󣬾ͻһ貵Ľɫ档
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վѩߣѩ尴ձ֣Ѱ֡
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ѰҪȡһЩԴʱȴȻ䡣



2381 Сľɱ
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Ȼԣ˵Դ֮޷ȡģ
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Щ̤ʵǵ˵ͷҴҶȥ
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2383 
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ѰƳһۣԭһ۾صĽɫֲƢһĵ۾󡣡
ī̳Ů֪ͺá
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һ̣ͼѰ³һ֣

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һǿĹŵ۱Ī⣬ǻմȾһľ˲䱻һա
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ն䣬ǵصѤû˲䱻˺嫵Ľ˺ѿҡҷԵĻھҵİб顣
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ǵǣһ죬Ѱǻ뿪ģҲעڴˡ
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ЩѰ۵ףδ˵ʲôѹܴʹԪʼڲϲɱ䡣
񵱽½磬Ͻ֮⣬཮Уֲ͵̡
ĽԱִСһռ
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ΨˣԪʼ£սĥسΪһ޿ɺĵͳ
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ѰϣԺԪʼڣҲͬˣûҲԵͻΣ


һº
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֮ǰİʱѾʮµĴء
ǼǰƿصĴƿصĴѴﵽʮ֮ࡣ
ÿһִ򣬽Աһһ۾Σʵ޲ֳʺԭʼϢ
ѰһΪ䲻ʵɱ䣬ƿصĴ࣬Ժ;ע𵽼档
ͺñƣۻУнۻƼɵľɱ䡣
һʱ䡣
ѰΪ֧Ųסʱͻ뿪Դ֮أΪָ󣬱ٶȽԴм
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֪ѰԴѾȥꡣ
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ͬʱҲӿֳһһҫ֮ķÿһڵ;ϸ߸ͽչֳԶѰľɡ
һ޵ߣҲյؼ䣬ʵĲͻƣ


2384 
꣬Ԫʼٿ¼ͽĿ˴䣬ÿһν¹עΪһʢᡣ
ÿһĿ˴ϣӿֳ׿ῡ㣬пǰʮĽɫ£֪
꣬Ԫʼڸۺι̣ŵһһӰ·ơ
Դˣ֪˷ӢţԪʼĸп
ͬʱУŻ½ɳͼפ磬һ⣬ԱѰĴݿ
Ȼǵ۾ӣҲԵòһ

һ졣
Ͻǣϴķ֮⡣
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һ糾ͣɫƣŮӣ
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һԪʼڴȰó齹ɻҲҪΪѣ뿪ɡ
Ůɫòɬһ·ӹŻòײŵִ˵ءμֵ۾һ֮
˵ţνĨȥ

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ۼŮǱٿήһָۿɼѰɲ١
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ۻ񳤽Ӱ㣬ѭ֮أҲʹࡢƣ֮Уޱȵ
Ϫ۾ͼһµķ䣬򿪵Ĵ⣬Ƕƣɺѣش䡣
ԶԶأδ
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ۣһȫƾһ־֧
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ϪһӦȻͷֹ֣һϣĵжõһȫµĴ𾪣Դ˲˼ֶΡ
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ٶ֮죬ս֮ǿᣬ֮ۺ񣬽Թھ֮ͬˣڹŻٲȻһִգâɡ
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հ׹ƧЩ£ȴ˲ٴ֪ѵϢ඼Թֻۣ
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Ѱ룬أ֮ǰǰصƣ
ϪɫòðſɬҲңʱ֪հ׹ѵϢļ٣ǰһЩѰй¶հ׹ӵʦݣЩΪж
ǵ֪ҪǰѰİʱЩǰٰӣɳһ·׷ɱҡ
Ѱӿ˿˿ƵĺâԭΪհ׺ҵʦͽϵǣ˹Ⱥ
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˵գѰת뿪
Ϫһڴϣӿζ
૵հ׸磬Ҽ羴ʦˣӦǰ㣬㡭һҪúõġ



2385 

Ѱĳ塢ˮһ𣬴ƳϵĹϪһϢ뿪Ԫʼڡ
ľ塢׽塢ϴķϡ
յЩӹŻͨ½кܶ࣬ѱѰ顣
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ϢģӰģֻ½磬ŹŻҲӭһ䡭
ŻҲգȴԶԶ޷½ǵԴĺ֮ȡ
ҲֹŻЩͳ׷ǰ½̣ԺŻ򡭡עҪ½ȥġ
Ѱ½ɻռ̬ȻǺͺݿһ֮ء
ŻΪ½ģ
ȥɽȥҲԪ
ûã·ǰԭڵĽ
ڷ½ʱѰѾ޾ӿ˽Ԫܾǵһꡰͨҩ
˴Ѱ֮ԳһжһΪ˾ͽհףҲΪҵ
ֻҪһģ۳һ磡
ֱԶˮŽϪӱзų
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ৣ
ѰʩչռŲƣһ⣬ÿһ˸ͿǶתƣǧɽˮԱ׵
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ʱֻʥΪһ׼˸ǿľ۴ۣ
ʱǨȣ

Զĵطһبؼ䣬ãã󳤣̫Ӵˣ˶ߡԶ
ϸȥȴֱܷ棬һؼĳǣޱȹޱΡ룬ͨǵأ
ԶԶһƾС֮⣬Ϊ˳̫ˣǳǳܣһſǳת㣬˰㡣

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⣬أ
۹سڶࡰǳء֮һ
ѰһǰʱһĻ𺳡
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ЦݣǰѰһӵ
ˡѰһۿ겻˴̤۾ֻǣǲŸͻƲãֻ۾һصΪ
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˴˭
հסѰ
˴ŻȻԭˣӿʵһܣһΪ֮ҲѶãڵִغ󣬿ʵ˲Ӻսܻӭֻǡ
˵⣬¶֮ɫҲõͳֻǰõʱ򣬴ڳɱʱȴͻ䲻񻹲
ʱϹԳǰӪȣս̫ҺͶҵѰãҲûټ
㲻֪ΪӵʧҵнΪΡ
˴ų̾Ͼ˲šʵ̫ѵˡ
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⵹пܣ
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˴һ¶֮ɫģŲ죬Щˣ겻ɢ
Ŀ⿴ѰСѣҪЪϢһɱйŸɡ
Ҹһ𡣡Ѱ
㣿ǻĵ۹سѾ͵겻һˣգʮУ˶ȫ۾ûС
˴Щԥɻ˵һ룬סˣΪѰϣȻһڵ۾Ϣ
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ߣ²˳٣Ҵȥʶʶ۹سϵѪսǺε׳ۡ
˵ţѾתڳȥ
Ѱ룬Ϫս˱ڣߵΪֻʥѣһܵʲôͿѡ
Ÿ˴ŷɶݶȥ
ڡ
ѹɱ󿰱һĳǳУӰжԳͬһطȥ
ЩӰɢѪɱ֮þɳʵĶ׼۾Ρ
Ϊ״ӵģȻλ۾ֻİѰǰδ
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һšǧѩսۡ۾һء
Ǻ˴һפڵ۹س϶ˣҲʮгɵۡ
ѰľˡӵȵЩϤʱ˴ȴ¶Ȼ֮ɫۿˡ
ãҡͷ̾ǰһ


2386 ǰ
ѰĪеһ˵Ȼ
Щˡ
ȥˣ
̸ʲôˣǸе
߰ɡ
˴ѾȸϹȥ
⡣
һƬ㡢顢ߵĹ磬ǿڴսܹӴģվ
ڴˣһy
ء
ػ谵ɷصư㸲ϣһãĺŽӼԶƽɱ֮
ԶԶȥ糱ˮӰһ߰ӼԶؼɢ飬ǧʤ
޵ߴÿɢɱһ𣬻̺ƣ֮ϡ
ɫ䣬׼
ɱսϣ㲻£ɱ¾Ѫˮעš
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Żߣפǰߵǿߣ¶֮ɫ
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ս۳ʵصȨߣ˵֮ͳ˧Ľɫ
Աߵǧѩսӿؼ䣬ɬĹ⣬һ͸𰸡
۾
˴ŷһֽУüһ޹ʲôһأ
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˭һνزͬѰҪȫԸһʤ
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սۡǧѩսۡ˴šеǿߣȫǰϡ
ÿɫ͸žηغͿȡ
Ѿˣɻ᲻ףǰɢʵǰѰһͣ
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ʦΪӭ
հ¶֮̾ɫвȻʲôʱԼҲӵʦƣ
ߡ
Ѱ̧ųȥ
һ죬ѰЯհ׹ӭݣ䶯۹سǣ
ܿ죬ѰͼһЩϤӰǧ𽣻ȵȡ
ǽѶѰ󣬶Ǹпѣʱ겻ټʱˣڴ·֮ǰ
죬۹سϣΪѰĹٿʢϯƣʢǰ
˵µľˮʮ̳
ţ½ΪЩŻͳ񣬶Ļ̻̣ﳼ֮⣬Ϸ򶷵ܷСѷŹһ
ֱҹҵѰ˵Żͳ顣
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Ѱâһ꣬͹̫ʴȣڵҴ˴η½ʱŷֵй֮ˣܵǣּۣЩˣòŽұܿһ£ãһٸĻ𣿡
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Ҫ˵ʲôѰѲ̾ǰ˭޷ٸıҵ־ֻܴӦ㣬ֻն׶ֻͳ̫ɱ
Цѣò˵ˣҲٶᡣ
ѰЦŶһƣ


2390 ټ
ѰܾˡŻͳϢڵڶ峿ʹ۹سǡ
һʯǧˡ
֪ǿĲʶһԹŻĴϴͽѰ˴ǿƻعĻ
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ֵ۾˾٣ֱұĺ
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ǽԹŻЩͳɿѰȥ̤Ǳĵͳ
ɵִѰЪ֮أѰѴհ뿪
һʱ䣬޲ɫѿ
ȻѰԤϵǻǰӺ飬ʶŻǰһ뿪
ֵ۾ͲĴ˾٣׺ҵȵģ
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Ǻģ
գվλȰû侲һ£úһ룬ǹŻԲסѰѰԲסŻ򣡡
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ǰ֮˭ھսУҹŻһǿߣһٻУӮþսȫʤ
꣬ѰΪŻӺսŻЩͳζԴģ
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һһ٣羪װ㣬쳹ȫЩŭӵǿһʱƿԡ
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˵ҲŭȻҪԣǾͻصǸţսɣ
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ܶǰΪСװ磬糱εȻɷ磬ڣڰ񾩵Ľϣɼеľ
Ѱֲ˿ߵհףͬǣͬҫۣΨһͬģˡ
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ʵΣ˷ǣûٸпѰհһУӰʧڷĽֵϡ
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ѰҪһУͨ콣ڵһڹŻͳɥĲ񣡡
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ҵȶѱ֮⣬ͼԭ£ԸΪ˸ۣӦ
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֣ǹһ֮صĳƺţ
ʱ⻼Ʈҡʱ̣Ѿ겻ټİ񾩺Ȼ֣òػӵ˽ץסһݣѡ
񾩣
ͬʱһȻٿͨ콣
Ÿո̤ǸߴΰӰŲٿһ٣̾һֵ۾Ŀ湻ġ
ػӵ˽Իһɫ䡣
Ѱ
Ѿˣ
̧ۿȥʱ񾩵Ӱʧڴ֮¡
ԶӰƾһγһʤѩѰհʦͽˡ
ҴҷأҪң
ѰŰ񾩣ü
ܾǰ˵һλܣؽǽԶˣϹʱǰ۹سǣУͰɱ
ˣѰлǼΪġ
ǰõĵ۹سϣѰͰ񾩶̸ЦѰȴû뵽񾩻һʱ
ͨ콣ڱϾʦĵͳԲԹֵۣ۾һΪͨ콣һЩӴϣҰ񾩱ظмɫƽ
Ѱ룬ͬϣ˵档
񾩳˿ŸӣµˣˣҾֻһԣܷ񵲵סֵ۾ɱˡ
䣡
˲䣬Ʈ裬һϻе񽣣ڴ˿̳⼤ʮأѩ
ֵ۾롣
иһŽȾѪ׾߲
Ǿֻܵ͡ˡ
ѰžΨһ̾


2391 ϴ
ЦЦйŽһն¡
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Ѱָһ
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Žӳһն
һ˺ҹէ䡣
Ѱ΢Уͬһն
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һ֮⣬ȴܻ»֮
춯صĺУһھѰʮ֮أ⡣
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ѰĬƬ̣ɡ
һӡ
һǺƵĽϯȻдԨ֮󸡳УǳɽԷ׷
ͫ
һװĳХߴΰӰȼƵģų޾
УŽȼѪŭն
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һĻͨ콣УһڴǽԷѪɫˣ԰ޱȡ
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һ죬ϢһΪ֮𺳡

ͨ콣ڵĸ𣬾һϴƵĻùŻ;޲Ļ̻̣뾪ֲ֮С

ٶϢۼ̺Ʋѷɫͨ콣ڵʥأɽ棬ӴĴУʹ˶
ţʱѰһ˺ն䣬ѹһж֣޵У

鱦ʥظϢԭ붯е¾ƣԵĶ
֪޵Ϊ𺧣ͷ·Ŀһϴݣ˿ɺĹŻ壬½𣬻еĳ

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·Ʊã¶
һеѰѾհףǰ֮ء


2392  Ů
ɽ
գؾ䣬ɽԭ֮أ֮ʮ
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ѰհףƮȻ
ȥͼۻϵĲɽϣɽסԵúء
йŹ֡
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ֲøӦϢǽɽʲôֵ顣
Ѱ˼ʱհսԼ򳯲ɽȥ
ۻӶϢأصĲɽϣֳһ·
ѰֱС
ɽɽۻ룬ǰɽλãһͭɵĹɺ֦Թͺͺģͭ
ܶǰѰμӡ۵ƻᡱʱ޵߽ԳΪŵ
Ѱ֪ӦýвŶԣ
ҲֻһտӣԪڡ
ܿ죬Ѱ͸Ӧ˳Ϣ߾ǽǲڡ
ڽӣؽУڣʵһؾ硣
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һһؾ磬ɢ֦Ƶģ˴˹ͨǿһͷ
ѰһݣڣٲȻֳҹ죬ͨ׳
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˲䣬ߵļ;ʼڡ
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󣬾⡰ǿ硱УңһĶ֡
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ͶԷ֣չֳս֮ǿóҲеԾѡ
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ŮӽֶΣÿһΣԱоյߡ
ҲǺսʱһЩԴǽУó˽⵽ŮӸͲǹŻ֮ˣҲǿչŵϣǴӱ˰
һԱ˰ľ۴ۣһһŮӣԵúܲ˼顣
Ͼǿչŵϣǣͨ˰ĵ;Ҳһֱš
ŮȴܺǿգڹŻ⵱Ȼܲ򵥡
䲻Է֣κǿյģɳ廹ƶϳ
ԷΪԪѾ˱
ΪԷüͼƬɲıǿ磬Ա
ҲΪγֱ˿̣ڴ˵صԭ
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˱ɢ⣬ܹŮӵϢȫǣ˵ʶ޷ӦͨҲ޷
ŮӾƾ˱Ŵζ㿪ѰѰûб¡
һɫɽϬޱȣܹ޾ռɱǾ֮һĵ۱ᱻ˲顣
ƾĪıֲŮսĲ㣬õƻΪġ
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Ϊǵ˼룬Կɱ˴˸Ӧ
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Ѱڵ˵ţҪ֡

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ҾǷӦŮüȻĽ飬ĻǺܿܵġ
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Ѱɲ֪Ԫе΢Ӧ¾֪Ҳ⡣
ѵ㻹û˵εִء



2393 
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ˡ
һϸɫֶâ˽Է罣ӡһŤƵġ
ɫ֣һƲϢûƮԵ֮
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ǿչŵֻǴǧ֮һ
ƿصĽ򡱣롰ؽװƷ
ѰʶرԴеҲƷ׻ֵġ
ܷҽһǧ飿Ѱʡ
Ԫһü𣬡㲻Լ̫ˣ
ѰЦòһλԱ˰ĳЩ档ģֻĶѣ˵׼ǻܳΪѡ
Ԫ͵Цһζ֮ɫҵѣ㵨ӿ湻ġ
͵޹ϵѰЦ
ĻῴԪעͬСˣڱ˰磬ҲһżĽɫ
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Ѱ룬ʹӦ
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ѰҲ⣬ֱ׳⣺˰ңеĵλΣ
Ԫ룬һУ˰ҾװȻͳԦŶδ⣬߲ʡ
ͬĲжۣǡеˮ׼ɣ߲ͣ޷ĲȣҲһĲԱȵϵġ
˵⣬Ԫʲôʵǰı˰ңǰéǲе̳죬ϧ֮ͨʧѴǰ
Ŀ⿴ѰȻǿչŵԣ˰ȴڣͺϵûʲôˡ
ѰɫȻǱ֮㱳ԪΣ
ԪˮĴһĨȣ˵ǵĸ⣬Ҳ㣬ǰ˰һܸԪұһȣڡûбȽϵˡ
ѰʱʶԪϵ壬¾ǲȻ֮һ
Ԫϲˡ
ҲִŮһʼչ¶ޱԸĵȻǱҲ佾
ѰȻ֪ì츫񽣡սﱳĲ壿
ʱ۳ɵǰһƽٽʱһŮǿնչֳϵĿֲܡ
ҲǷ֮־ֳŽһŮѰ˱ֱĸ֮塣
ͼԪӲײһЩ죬㾹Ҳ֪ĸִ򡭡
˵⣬͵طӦЦ湻ģѾǵˡ
ѰЦóĸ֮עܲ򵥣룬Ҳƾǡ
ôɵļΪһϵԪƳѰһۡ
Ѱ룬Ѿ֪ĸ֮ƿصģ֮ǰԣĴ֮ĵ̣Ӧڱ˰֮ϣԪ֮ϡ
һٻشһ仰
Ԫ˫ۻǰһǳƵ͸ŲмһǵСϷס﷨۵ļơ
Ѱ̾ˣȻ˾ͽ䱸֮Ľ̸͵Ϊֹ㽻Ԫھͷߡ


2394 Я
Ԫû뵽Ѱ֮ǰͼԼȡϢһ̾ʹӦҪԼˡ
̧һУһŷܵƵͭиֶյݸѰ
Ҳһĵ۱ķ֮ʮ䣬һˡ
ѰתΪͭд򿪣ʶ̽УͼһͭƵľУ֦پ絶ƽǲԪ
˱ȡֽ̧ͭй黹Ȼǽռˡ
Ԫ񲻽һߣҪҲա
ѰЦЦûٶ˵ת뿪Ƭǿ硣
Ԫ
ֱɽϣѰһӣǸؼĽƴͱ
ˣԪ԰˿û뵽˵Ҳţ֮ǰһʱִұˡ
˵գƮ裬Զȥ
ѰԭأʼûŮƴҪߣԼҲ
ˣʲô֣ԶԪƾתһѰ
ֵԨѰڵ
ԪŶһûٶ˵תȥӰһΣƾʧһ˿ۼû¡
Ѱ룬ŤͷɽϵĲջ˽ȡߵ뷨
ϾѾֻʣһտӣʱƣò˶þͻḯɢ
Ҳʱ½ˡ
Ѱûе飬תȥ
һ·ϣȴ鲻ԽԪ˵Щ
硢ǧ硢塭̺Ϣ㹻Ѱ׽ˡ
š
ͬʱһƬããУԪпڣ֮ǰΪ֣ǽֵԨļһǰ
ʶУһöɫƯƮĹ꣬ʱдһ
С㣬ϵĵзǱѰСȻǶõƣɿҲΪ˸ĴۣһϾ֮䣬ʲôޡ
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ǴѵС㣬ղֻ˵߷һ۴ۣܹܹСԿĵزˡɲǰܹܵġ
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죬ҡͷţ˵ĹͷӲĺܣɿܻ£οܿһﲻ˳ۣлټһȺݺһ٣һ˵
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磬СԪһ飬ȻһЩ߳Ƶ֮Ҳ֡
ΪݹһЩõϻ۾ףиȴ̫¿
һĥҲǻ¡
ϾһΪĥСĵģ飬ȫʲô
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ǿչŵʱӵĴ棬дǧ֮ףܾǰһЩӵе֮ǿҲǲ˼ǿܹò嶼Ϊ֮ɵ
ŵ컯֮֮ʧ֮͹٣ǿչŵȴûˡ
УŸп
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֪˵ĴһصĲ֪֮أУҲҲܹĴĵط
ЩѾǳ£棬ǹ棬ʧȥԭӵеıԴ֮ĻеЩϼһѾԴɱˡ
˶٣żС㣬μȻǿչŵǰ桢һ⡣֪λ֮ͨڹУһεĴܣǵطҲǷɽɽ֮ء
ԪȻɽ
ԣǸɽŵ
Ԫ¶ɫǿȥˣҾͺ棬صķɽʲôˣȻܹЩ嶼֮С
һ̸߽ԪӰнԶ

½硣
Ͻǣϴķ塣
Ѱ뿪ֱڣѾȥʱ䡣
һʱѰһתս۹ս֮أ֪Ȼ󲨡
Żͳ½𣬵¶Ϊ֮䶯ʱѰѾȻء
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ɽۣѰһ𣬱˴ʶںϣõѰҲǵһʱ˽⵽½һЩ顣
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Դˣհ׺͹ϪʹӦ
ҲǴհ׿ʼԪʼڳϵְר̷ְ֮£ϪҲԪʼڣδξְ񣬶հߣмˡ
ϣѰľǰؾ
Դ֮ء
Ѱڲʹ
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Ѿˡ
Ѱÿһʱͻڴ˲ԴİأⲻϼõٶҲǲ
ֱѾƿȫµĴ
Դĺڲͷźɢ̬ƣ뻹Ҫʱ䣬˵صԴŻ᳹׿ݽһա
ϧ´˵ʣµĴѾ࣬ʱƣעֻԽԽ٣ʮ꣬ٸ򲻵ĴԴˡ
Ѱһ˿ȸС
ץʱˡ
ţ
ȻƸӦʲôѰԨ߳Ƭؾ
ͼؾ⣬ľѾȺǡ
ѰԪ񣬵һʱͺľγϣ˽⵽ĸ顣
ľнӹԪ
ѾࡢɣľĴľԪԼ̫һˮǻɳϢɫȫռȫ
ҲζţµѾԿʼȥ硣
ֻҪ쵽һ͵ӵ˿ȥ編Ļᣡ
Ѱɲˣǿչŵʷϣܹģ޼
ܹڱ۽һ磬ֹǲ編ǰ򵥣Թ̵Уñ۽Ļ
ˣ޷Դʱ硭
һ˼⣬Ѱϡ
ʮػ
Ժʲôʱ򶼿磬ԴصĻֻһΣʱԽԽˡ
ΪˣѰһľǰϴķ壬ֻһϴķ壬һǰͬԴ֮رչأ



2395 ʮ
գˮϴķ
ľ׽𡢻ĴѰһ𣬴쿪ʼԴ֮رչء
䣬ʱ
ʱƣ½ŨɽӺһһľ»ȫµò
֪۵ؾͶ츣ط׷׳޵ᣬһһѪȷ硣
һЩƧƶ֮أ񶼱ɽˮ
˼ǣĽڲţ졭
б仯ģϽɡ
ʥءյĺģÿһʱ䣬ͻᵮһ׮Եº䶯
ϧ˵һ޵ߣϽЩҲֻţۺʹѣҲȥ
ԭܼ򵥣ЩԵԱԪʼڵĽ˭ȥ˭ǸԪʼڹȥ
£˭ıӸȥϣ
Ծ
֪ʱƣйѰڹŻڵ۹سǡڰ֮صսѴ½磬𺧡
ҲˣõѰˡŻһۡĳƺţ
ѰԪʼڣȻ˸ǡ
ʵϣȻûѰ֣ƾԪʼĵ̣£Ҳѿһˡ
ЩԪʼ¼ĴԽԽ࣬Ҳӿֳһҫ֮콾ţɧ޿ɱ⡣
Ǿ仰ԣ¿ܣԪʼ
ʱƣԪʼ´˵ΪҲǲˢһЩ¼
˵ԪʼڵƲɵҪΪ½İ
Ψһ½еҵǣԪʼֻ̾ϽǣϽ֮κ顣
ҲӵŽǿĻᡣ
Ͼ磬֮ѿһ硣
Ͻ֮⣬»ɽغ۵ؾĻԵҲǲ㹻κδȥ̽Ѱˡ
ķƱãѰᡣ
ϴķϵĺˮ壬ҲֻҪʱŻ¶һ¶档
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ѰչصͬʱˮҲûţһֱһ
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ǵ֮ϳ¹еõһƷתѰ
¹ԣһѰĸ૑ı֮ڣѰܹͭӣǰѰ૑
֮޷򿪣Ҫ˺ӳ׻ٵ
ͭʱѰƶϣӦһ׮ҪĿ飬¹Լ
񣬾ѰõͭѾȥʮ꣬ͭϵķӡĲ򣬻ԶԶһɡ
ʵǣӡؽɣۣ¹ԲãѰĵ裬ʱҲе֮
ƶϣ֮ڣӦ㹻Լͭϵķӡƽġ
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ѰĴҲץһʱԴİء
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Դ֮أѰĴӸ˴˶ӣ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
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ΣЩأǹһֱ֮أһ𣬳вʱʱ
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뿪Դ֮أѰڱڲͬؾУһߣһ˼⡣
Ϳˡ
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Щȥ³Ҳӭƾһٳɵۣڳɵ۴ٵĥУڵ츳Ѫ֮֮ޱȱ̬֮ͬˣԶ֡
ΨϸЩȥˣҲûƾļ
硣
ѰչеϸһʱͲЩɥ̾ǲУҸ͸Ӧ֤۵
Ϊ׼۾ļԲزȴٳٵȲɵ֮ٿ³СС졢ǶѳɵۣЩĸ꣬ûʧ
ʲôԽãɵʱ͵ĵҵԽ󡣡
ѰϸЦɱˣǵһʱ˵ϵ¶һ޶ĴڣʶŻᱻ㸸ΪһȻǶһ޶ģô֤ɵ۵Ȼ˲һ
ϸЦ㲻ذοңôҲǼˣĻ᲻֪֮£ͷİɣܵȶ꣬ҲҪʲôڳɵۣǶϲġ
Ѱ˵ͷʣǴȥ뿪
뿪
ϸԥֻ쳵վУҴ뿪ǰһѰٵɵ
Ҳá
Ѱϸһ뿪
·ϣѰڸؾ̽ѰԵİ³ССһ̣뿪ؾ
ϴķ֮ۡ
Ѱϯϸһģ˵Լļƻ
۳뿪½磬ط棬Ժ󡭡ںܳһʱڲٻ
˵Լ飬ѰϸǸԴ㡣
ҪȥѰٳɵϸĴ㣬Ѱ
Ŀ⿴򰢺ǡ
Сʦġ
ǳЦҲǹ¼ҹһ
Ҳǡ
С˼
ҺСһС컹һɬŮƵģ۾ˮģ߿߿Ȫ
ҡ
Ȱ³ڣѰЦˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪һ
³ͷٺЦ
ɣǾ½硣
ѰһյľУ½ɻһȺݵ磬ڴУܹ۾øͻƵĻᡣǸ뿪Ļ״
Ŵԣûʲô˵ϵѰ˰ţ˵ͷ


2396 ǧս
³СǶסЩᡣ
磬ϸҵȿɶѳɵۡ³ΪξͲҵȸһȥս
ǰˡСС춼ܲᣬ۰ͰͿѰ
ѰʵҲЩᣬɻҡͷΪҺãڴ˵أҿԪʼڣҿɲϣ´ηʱٷһЩõ顣
Ҳһ˵󣬹ӼϣȻ˼ǣǰǹԹǡ
ѰЦοֲھ뿪
ССҲѰѾ޷ı䣬ⶼЩȻ
Ѱæתƻ⣬ղ̫ƺ˸С

һ
Ѱطؾʼۻ硣
ϸ뿪һͬУΨٳٲɵۣҲʶֻǱչУעɵȵƾġ
ڰĶ£³ĸϸڰнб
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ССͰһϴķϣ䵱̫ϳϵְ
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СԲ˽ڽգɸ޷ȣС󺣲𡣡
ŵ磬˶ʱڣܹ۳ɵۣѿƾҲִֻĲУпܵ˿֮š
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ҸҶ϶ǿչŵ£ҲֵֻԨһڵ;ӵ衣
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С㣬ôʡ
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ϴķǰԪһ˳֡
ƳһǿɽǰһЩˣͽĿɽλá
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һǽ
ҲеĴ֣ȥλǿǰ硣
һԣеԸô
ΪķʽҪ䰺ĴۣȻǲȻҲô
Ԫ˵޵ǰ磬ҪĴ֮һ۾ﶼҪ
Ǽʱ򣬾ûĸѡȥˡ
ڶַʽȥǧս򡱣ӴǧսɱһͨĴ
νǧս򣬾һبʹǧ֮λ棬һǿϵ·;㡣
·;ϣذأĪ⡣
УӴǧ粻ͬ߳ͨ뢣ǰ磬ȥء
ܹһ·˳ӡǧսɱģȴǧһ
ԭܼ򵥡
ǧսеգв۾֮ڵǿߣ
ڣ·ϣҲ˲֪ٵĴʬǴǧսÿһعؿʺĵѪȾɺɫ
۾֮µǿߣͲʸǰǧս
ǰǧս·;գɱ۾֮µ
Ҳˣǧսֱǡ֮Ѫ;ȥɽ磬ȥǲ֮
ȥҲվǧսеĿݹǣ
˽ЩѰס
ǵһ˵ǰ磬յĿ顣
ζţ¾ûǽǿչŵҪǿգǰǱ˰磬Ҳ˭Ϳ԰쵽ģ
ţѰǰЩ뿪Ĵʦ֡ʦһڷɽʦֵܡ
ǡǷҲǧս򡱵գ
Щӵ𣬳Žʧʱһǰ˰Щ޵ߡ
Уе۾ɻ۾֮µĽɫǽǧս򡭡
ܾǾһ



2397 
Ԫ裬̬Ȼ
ѰķӦУʵϣûȥˣڵ֪ǧս򡱵Ϣ󣬻ٽԻеѹ
еֱӷ
ǿ棬Ҳò˼С
Ͼǧս̫Σˡ
죬Ѱ̧ۣԪ񣬺߷²豭ʵоΣ
Ҫǰ磬ͱȥǧս򣿡Ѱ
Ԫӵгѵ澳ΪǶԣǧսҲ׾֮¡
˭涨ģѰʡ
Ԫסû뵽Ѱʳһ⣬룬˵Թˡ
ѰЩȻǷܹǧս٣
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ȴѰЦֻǼһ£ǽǧսĨ͵ûһϣһ˭Ƕǰ磿
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ԪһеĸǶܵԴǧ粻ͬλսػ˶ˣʱǷǴҲɡ
ѰЦЦΪ˵Щ飬ԹǴǧսͳһȻϣ赲ס޵ߵĲͬҲΪеĸɱĻˡ
ԪĬ
ǰɴû⡣
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ѰҾͲԴˣ롭ҲӦӵܹԿɣ
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ЦҡҡͷѰܾ֮ء

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ȻѰڴģʵһĻ編
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ѰһտȻ䣬ڣҲʱ뿪ˡ



2398 ּж
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ڵ죬ɫֹѣ
ꡭꡭ
ѰɫСóһOO@@ϸһӡƵƬʼ׹䡣
ÿһƬ׹󣬾ѩˮ㣬ɢ١
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ڣѰϤٻӰ
һƬ͹ĽɫУǣٰ˿ɢһİϣһĨװĹ
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ʱ꣬ټǵŮӣѰֻ඼Ҫͣ٣ͣ
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ԾһƵİһӷϼ̷ȣѰǰůҷ
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ߣϼ𣬷Ҳߺ



2399 ַɳ
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СˣԺС㣡С˫ۣЦе
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2400 
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ϢһĵѼ䣬Ѿܡ
ÿнЩᡣ
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ΰҫ۵ӰһƵģֲޱߵơ
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2401 ǰ˰
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ȻǱ˰硣
ƵҼڰ꣬Ϊ˵ȴ콵٣ǰ˰ˣǿ֮ϵĽͬ裬ʱߣʱ
ѰѵʦҲҪȥǧս򣿲ԣʦֵΪѾİأԣҪ磬ǲ¡
˵⣬Ŀ⿴ƣأԺȥ
ڰ硣
ͳЩε˵˰粢ʲôԴһ֮أȥˣк档
Ѱ룬ʦ˰ţҲǶãԺվȽŲ϶ġ
Ʒ˸ۣһҪСο
̧צһףһͭӾ͸ֶݸѰһ㡣
Ѱһ£Ѿף֮Ϊ˵Լء
߰ɣûʲôôˡƵ
Ѱ˵ͷ
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ֻǣѰʹƴ뿪ʱ޾ӺȻڣѡ£Ҫڴˡ
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Ѱûǿ
СѣǷѾ֪棬ǹ棬ںܾ֮ǰ٣ٱʱ޾˵
˵Ѱͷ
ĸ¯ڴ˽֮±٣ʱ֣£Ҳڴ˽֮·䣬õ֮鲻
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Ҳ֪ܾǰǿչŵĴ٣ǿձԴɢ桢ıԴҲʧ
Ļ྿ʲô
ѰΨһԿ϶ǣΪǿձԴõǿչŵû䣬ڴǧеһǧɣ

һ
ǿչŵһƬ嫵ǿС
ѰʹƵӰ½ֶ
ȷʧȥƿأԡ
һʱ䣬ѰͲ˲һǸеĽ֮㣬һֳС
ʮ˰ȴٲɳǿǰҿλѾҲ
ƷߣµھʲôҪ飬һʱǷֲǰˡ
Ͼʮˡ
Ǳ˰Ҷԣ֪Ϣɿ޶ԣ
ֱҲǰֻ֤п϶ĳֱʣ
Ѱ˵ͷ
㼴̣ǰ˰ƽסʡ
ڷص·ϣѾѰ˵¡

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ǰõʱ򣬺ˮ¹ͭʱطӡĽУһ伫ּ
ĸ׾˼䣬ȥΪİΣⶣٲ˺ʱĪҪȥѰ١
һһԾ¹ıʼ
Ҳ֣ѰȻǰ˰һ⡣
¹Ѿ˵ˣڴ֮ͭǰҪȥѰ٣Ѱ޷ȷͭʱԼҪķѶʱ䣬ĵִ˰
Ͼڱ˰֮ǰبһǵǧս
Ѱǰ˰·ϣͭϵķӡڵִ˰֮ǰͽ˺д򿪣ȻǼõġ
Ȼ򲻿Ҳصʲô
ϾѾ˽ޱ֮嫣ó󣬶˰ҽֻһ塣
ѰɲţԼִ˰ҾܵһʱҵԼ
ʵѰлһ⣬Ǿ¹ĸ૑Ǹ֪Լһλ۾صľ۴ۣ
ң֮ǰЩУ½չزѽһΪ˾Բز
ƾ۾أҲֻһ֮ң
ˣȻҲȰ㣬ҪСһЩǿ㲻֮أ˵ڵ֮ԶǿչŵǧٱųμԪ֮٣֮񣡡
ƶ
ѰЦȻ
ҲԪ˵Уִۣ֮޷ǿ
ߣСӵĵһ᲻֪ߵģػȷѪ꣬ĥܹӵн֮ɾͣҲ;ɱѪȷֲϵ
ƵֻϣɲҪǿʵڸɲ֣˾ͷǿչŵˡ
ѰЦŵͷ
ƺҲоϻЩˣӻצӣˡ
תȥһ㶼ˮ
ơ
ѰڣԺ۸㣬ǵȼβͣһˣٸ㱨𡣡
ûȥȥȥСӸϽߣ
ѰЦתȥ
һ졣
Ʒغڰ磬ĬĬУػͭȸ¥
Ѱ̤ǰǿձ˰̣



2402 
ǿպ嫣۷ɳۡ
ͷϣѰҡУ΢Уա
һʥôѰս˺֮Ѳ飬ᶪ
ҪòִܵǧšѰ
Աߵİϣһֻȸ۾鶯ëƯһצѩ׾Ө
Ԫȸ֮ǰһֱӡһԪֵĵɫڡ
ȸܾãƴٶȣҪһʱ䡣
ƴ
ȻȸǸƲϺ۵ģ̬ĽԪƵġ
ѰЦЦû˵ʲô
ǧţͨǧսŻŻаֱڴǧĲͬС
ǧ粻ͬλĵ۾Ҫšܽǧս
Ѱ֮ǰʵģǾǿչŵĴǧš
Ѱ˵ȸҲÿڣԹëżᶶһ²ɨһǿա
һˡһһҴں嫵ǿвǰС
·;ϣҲһЩ޵ӰӴޱȵĽ紬ϣǿд
żҲһЩ۾գҲǾһƳ
ֻ֮ǿа棬Ż֮嫡
һǿչŵŴÿһ޲֪λ棬һ޵ߣ֮Ԫ¶޷߳һ磬ǿа洩ˡ
ңǿо̫ƽֲǿյȳһרشڲͬĽ紬
Щǿлֲɲ֣ʱǺӷ籩ڶԼʯȺȵȡ
˵һ޵ߣȻǵ۾ȿɲ֣ҲֻԶԶܿ
ѰԣЩ̸ʲôΨǰ·Կˡ
СԨϻ鹭·;УѰƷһ顣
ЩѼı඼òϣϴķϣʱϣҲֻЯһЩҪı
ֵһǣЩżȡ׵ԨȻ仯Ʒ֮࣬ǿһء
ѰͼҲһԨڡ
Ʋ⣬ӦǡؽƷҵˮ׼̸̫Ҳǿ󲻵
վ澳֮ϣһĵ涼޷õ
ʵǿչŵıԴƷ׾Զ֮ϡ
ȥҵĵؽװƷ⡣
ѰɣƷףҵ֮ϣ
ȻֻĴ⣬֪Ѱһֻ֪Ȼ֪Ȼĵز̫ģͳ
һΪвﵽԲĵزվ̫̫١
ĵУ޾棬εĽɫҲֻܶߡ
Ѱ˼⣬ãܹ澳վǼҪҲǰ׵顣
Ƚ磬ҪȥԿȻ¾Ͳˡ
ЩѰΪĽ̸϶죬ÿһȴǿչŵϣԺߡ
磬ΪǸ޷ȥͲԿ
ץʱǴǧսѪޱȣɵҲһĥľ֮ء
ѰһţҲ
ǧս
ֻи۾ݺ۳ҵĵطҪȥɱһѪ·Ѱη塣
Ӳֻ֣ȱս

Ҵһ¹ȥ
ѰȸʻǿչŵǵķΧһƬİҵĻ
ǺХŰʱշ籩糱㱼ڣƵɲ֮
ʱѰҲòۣʼרĸ·
ȸ˵һƬֽٱеλ棬ǿչŵ룬գһҲֻе۾ܺС
ͨǧŵ;Уֽٱ
ѰУĵУŲʱת˲Ϳɳǧ֮⡣
ֻڵִ˵ʱѰҲòŻʵǣǿеֲ̫࣬ޱߡ
ʱһԶߣգۼͻϯǰУһѪͻ˲䱻ˢĨ
һЩƽ򼫿㲻Ӧʱͳһ޴ޱȵչ֣ſѪڣκ׹УԽٲ
ѰĵУһ·ǰʱҲƵƵһЩͻأֵգսоձ߿Ȼѡ

ѰձܿһƬڶƵĻɫţһӵ
桪
ǿߣҪң
Ѱһʶٿɨӹȥ
ͼԶǿУһ޴ޱȵĺڶкبǣն˺ѡŤϡ
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ңǺڶת籡Ť֮ɲõŮҲ¶֮ɫ
ھǺڶвԶһţһȺ޵ߣŮԽѣȥ
ߣ
ڶбԵŮҺòײŽǾȳѵҪһɥڴˣ
ЩŮ¶ɫ
ڴʱһֻ͵غبգڶ̽ȥǴֵתһ֣ѹȵǺڶоҲѡ
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˽ѩƣлѾ֮
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ѩԱţѰ¶Ȼ˵ɫ֮ǰԶԶʱͲЩϵϢͽͬһ
ѰЦؿ˵Һͷ罣ۡ¹Ҳǹѡ
ѩһϸѰƬ̣͵ϳһʧԭǵԨۣ
ֵԨ
ǿ죬˭˲֪ĸ
ЩŮҲһͫѰĿ⣬ĿһƵģ͸𾪡桢ȡܡ
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ѩƵͷǣʵҲǴЩǰ˰ѰһЩ컯ԿӵиĴǰ̡
˭롭Ž·;ϣͷ⡭
˵⣬ѩƲЦղһĻĻأ¡
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ǿչŵϣѩĵ۾ҲһԸ죬˵ߴڡ
ɺȻԶԶ͹ǰ˰գ
˵ֻ¸֪ǰ˰磬ҪѪ֮Ĵǧս
ĿܻһȺһУ



2403 ս
Ѱ۵ףδ˵ʲô
ڼԪǰǰ˰飬ͬһ֪
ʵֹǣʮǰʱǸǿչŵϵĽʧȥƿغ¸ͳУǿ߷ӵǿУǰ˰С
ѩžɫԭΪûнϣӦɳͨ裬˭룬·;ϵվ˿¡
Ѱʶʮǿչŵϣˡ
ֻǣܹ˽·ϵյˣм
Ѱŵùĳھͷذɣ·֮գȻǵ澳ڣҲѣ֪жٴﻹִ˰;С
ѩƵͷлָ㣬ʵ򼴱Ѳ˵˴ܹӹһ٣ҲѲǰˡ
˵ţпΪɵۺɺ죬ִ˾ף֮裬Ҳ
̸ֽƬ̣Ѱֱȥ
Ŀ뿪ЩŮŸҳ̸һɫŸп
꣬Ҽǵ½˵ҪԨʱܵǿҷԣΪˣ½֮գЩԷŭѵ
һŮ˵ڣʵ֤½ǶԵģ
˽ĳ
Щ꣬Ԩ۴գϵͳӣ˭󣬵ͷµĹϵͳԨһ壿
˭ָǿչŵϣԨ֮ͥòɵ
һ棬޿ɱ⣬ֻϧǽϵǣۣꡣ
ѩҲ̾

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ȸ˵ǡѻ򡯣ǧеһΪʢڴǧеھʮҡ
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ǿչŵֻ֮һ
˶磬˭ʸȥ
ʲô
ȸ˴𰸡
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ڴǧսдصǿߣչֳսԻᱻ֪Ӷֳͬ
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ȸ˵Щ󣬻һǿչŵԵʮǰǿչŵǿգǰ˰ǿߣչֳҫ۵ڴǧսսҲ֮һǿչŵռǰ֮Уüһ
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ʮУǿչŵȴֶʽû״ֹ̬ǶεǿڴǧսеҲǲϱѹֱ񣬶ѿҪסǰλá
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Ϊǿչŵ̫ʱһ٣õǿչŵıԴʹưܣ
ͬǶʮУԱ˰ҵĸǣҲ赲ǿչŵǰ˰Ķ;ǴǧУǿչŵûˡ
˽ЩѰҲ̾
ң̫ʱ̫ۡսۡȷһε֮ҫۡ
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ȸѣ͸žζȻҲ֪ΪСߣΪָ·ɼȻСԻӦеָ㡣
˵ٶҲãܹŵִǧս򣬾ͻףǵطεȿ¡
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ȸסˣû뵽Ѱ˲ֹС㶣ͳ仰ҾͲ˵һ֡
ѰЦЦûټƽϡ
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ңһ·Ѱ磬ÿһλŲͬķò
еУʢɾȴޱȲпᣬΪԴɼģѪͻ
еУһЩĵ۾סڽ̻Ի͵ĵУŮ̷ֽԣƳְһĵǿľѾ黯
е磬޵ԳǡˡūΪ⣬ȡᣬбѪȡ
е硭
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żһЩȥľѰҲ˳Ĩ
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ʱѰһͣһƳŲƶȥ
ĸ磬ĸطֻҪ޵ߴڣվɱᷢɱ¾Ѫ֮¡
ǾĿǰԣҲȥһС

һƬŵǿУѰȻֹ

ͬʱ˷պȻһҵţһһŵ۾ϢӰ֡
չƽѶˣŮ٣ŵ۵
Ϊ׵һŲ£̤ɫӣƸˣŵ۾صϢ
ѰĲͬϣٲȻγһΧƣѰʱͬһͷƵġ
ơĿ⡢ԼЩɫ޵⣬Ѱü
ǡٵˣ


2404 ֮·
һ޵ߣ·ٵĹ
һȺ۾Ȼܸ顣
ѰĿɨһȦûг
Ϊ׵ĵ۾زѾȻڣǿչŵ
ѰȻ
Ǿûˣһ˰ɡԵúԸоǵĮԴǲΥ档
ȥѰü
ԱһѪɫ멣ɫŮӶӨѩ׵ӲЦȥˣˡ
վѰϵȸȻǰѻһͳɽˣ֪µˣԻᱻԪΪû־ʶĿܡ
ߣҲ³
ӵ˶ȸû뵽һֻȸʶǵݡ
ѰʱҲˣͫ׷󣬡λһȺ·ٵĻɫǸֻٲƣȴҪ
̾һǿչŵ޵ߣΪϲĴأȥǧսɽȻΪܣɺôҲبų档
Ѱ˼ô˵֮ǰʱѾǿչŵ޵ߣ
ӵͷԵú̹Ȼʮ꣬жʮһĵ۾ɫ񶼻˵۵սɽЧ
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Ѫɫ멵ӲЦЩСɫɲֵɽ֡
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䣡
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һ࣬ŮӵҲһԼʩչѰΧ
ȻԶԶ͹ЩĿ¡
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۵һλŵ۾Ϊǿߣֱӱǣ
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λ۾
ǿأھ𵴣ѪȲŸոշɢɳһ֡
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һִɨս͵̽һץһĻֳֶһ档
УѰһ˱һڵ۾Χľ
ͫѰͼһЩʲôǻȴԵ̫ģûƬ̾ɢʧ
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䣬ɱ졣
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Ҫȥǧսһ⣬Ҫš
˵գͻһ貵Ĺ⣬ԶŲƶȥ
ЩӰԶɲ
졣
ѻ򴫳Ϣɽλ۾ѣ˵ǱһλǿչŵɶĿֲɱ
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˼ǣʮǰ֤ɵۣ澳ΪĽ͵棬ԳҪȥɱˣ
һʱ䣬Ҳڰѻֵ÷з

ѰԣͲЩϢӰ졣
Ҳ֪뿪ãһλ汻ɱ
·;ϣƵƵҪǰ׼
·;Уȸѵ֮ǰһսƺѰ̬ȷһЩ΢ı仯
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ڰĿѰһ˴Уһ·ǹ¶ͼį
Ψȸڲ飬ο塣
ֻǣŲŲƸ·ѰȸԱóĬࡣ
һ·ϣѰƵĿֲҲüζա
ȸĽͣѰ֪Щ磬ʱҲ䷱ʢܾ顣
඼Ϊʧʹݽߺ棬ֻʣĿĻԼƵƵ֡
һ·ϣѰҲһһ޵ʢ֮λ棬һЩλ棬Ȱѻǿ󣬽һ·ϱѰӦ澳ϢĴɼ
İУٽԻһЩͻɱ
Щ·ٵǿյܣʱѰǱ˶ϣ¡
ѡĵ۾ֵģȻѰ
һ⣬ԱѰɱ
ΪѲ棬һĵ۾ɫǼֱͺûʲô
Ѱһʵ
һЩ䷱貵λУгѳ澳εĿֲڣĿ
ãһ·мҴң鷳ţʱ򣬽ڵ͵·ʶεע⡣
һ·ϵļţҲѰȷһ¡
һ·Щ磬ǿչŵû̫ˡ
룬ǿչŵϣѾ޷εĽɫ

һ˪֮ɫѰһƬݽߡƵС
ϸѰٺͲ̽Ѱһ԰ȫľ޴ϡ
Ҳʱ֮Ѱӭ̤۾صƾ


2405 ޷
۾أͨ顣
б޷족
˵ز޵߱۽ԳһֱԴٲǯơ
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2407  ֮
͵ֻһöɫָ
Ѱʱ֣öɫָҲ㱻Ԩƻˡ
Ĩȥָϵ־ӡѰʶ̽Уͷָ֣Ȼһ˿˿ĵ۱ܹܻһڵ𽣽䡱
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ǾĻԶǿУһǣԡصĵУֺΰ



2408 Դ
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Щòϵıﶼϴķ壬һʱǿһ·ӵлõսƷһ֡
۸񣬻ǳѰ
һǧڵʲô
һĵ۱ܶѻһСɽˣ
Ϊǰǧս򣬾̤һѪ·Ī⣬˭룬ֻһͨŵŷƾ֤Ҫķ˴ĲƸ
ǰǵλڵĻŷƾ֤͵ǲͨŵĽ紬˵۸ףɶǰȵ۾ԣȻǸġ
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ɫһϲСǰ˵ˣһҪȡʮԴ
ѰɣȴȥһԴ
ʹӦѰתת㴩ʮŽһիĹϽС
ǰիеˣԺͻʹԪ桯һĲϣһҪסڳܵģǺ֮ˡ
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Ѱ˵ͷ
իڣѰһǰɳǵĵ۾ڶһԴ
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ܿ죬ѰŵһǰֽһݳװŵģһСɽƵĵ
գȴֻһԴʮŶԴԼʮԴ
ҲʱѰڿԴģ
ÿһͭǮСɫɫһǽɫ
ÿһԴ֮أۺľϢƷԽߣ̺ĻϢԽ
ѰӦһ£Դȷȵ̫࣬²䵱ңҲ۾ˡ
һԴ֧ӵе۾ؾΪѰһʱ䣡
߳իѰֽʮԴݸӣԤıꡣ
ӶʱüЦֻʥΪԣԤıѾһʾ޶Ƹ
Сպã˵ǰȥģ
۱һԴ
Ѱ˼
вֻһԴԶԶһǧ֮ȥһһͨŵŷƾ֤ˡ
ãȱɲȱϺͱ


2409 ŵĽ
۾ϣٻЯС
۾ЯıϵļֵעԶԶǶĵɱȡ
һѰǿգգɱĵ涼µĵ۾֪
ջսƷȻ֮
֮ǰիһģֻǵѣӴ󣬵̸жֵ
ڣѰ㽫ЩòϵսƷҲˡ
ʱ
Ѱӵָ£롰󡱡
ν𣬴ָġᡢĴ塣
ÿǧ꣬ĴֻӹɳǣҲֻűƿء
ƿȻǺؼҡ
ӵ˵ɳУƵǹģ󣬵ǿУ׶һļ۸ҲƵΪ
һʱ
Ѱ߳ʱѶǧһԴԼǧŶԴǧԴ
ĿƲ࣬ǵȲƸεΪɹۣڶһʱЩߺͼʦ𾪡
Щ꽻ʱγɵ֪ǵ֮Ľɫһıȫˣ¶ղǧ֮һԴ
ԴѾ£ĿһƴֱʵĽףֻһͷ
λǰֲǮĴڣֱ̫ˣ
ʵϣѰ۵ıҲֻһѼսƷѣһһЩòϵı
ߣڳתת
ѰڷԸ
æƨƨǰ·ĭɵظѰɳеĸˡ
ʱѰһοͣڳй䡣
ɳǵһ¥ġӭɸУƷζԴǧ粻ͬλĶζ
ÿһʣǿƺľʳƶɣֹζڣ
˵һζֵʮŶԴҲ൱һǧ
ԴˣѰ⣬һĸɫȣһԵòֺ
ߣһʳ󣬸Ҳ
ӭɸ뿪ʱѰѻӻȥһٶһԴ
Ƶᡢӽ̬̼Ӷΰ㲻ʵĸо
һʥļµɣ
ȻѰԣ㲻ʲô
뿪ӭɸѰȥ˷缯˵С֮䣬֮屦
Դǧ粻ͬλĸϡŹֵϡҩġʯӦоС
һЩѰȼĵ۾ﶼĶѣǺͳͳ
ǻǮˮɣõһЩŮ񶼱ûȣ·ֻҪѰͷǾԻԥͶͱƵġ
ΨһźǣܹѰáıȴǼû
һҲǣΪֻǵ۾أһս޾棬һĵ۵ȷķۡ
ֱӷ缯߳ѰһǧһԴĽۡ
ôǮģ
ǵҲӻˣ
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ϧǣһ·δС©ĻᣬҲûʲôȽı
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ʱѰҲΪϲ桱֣ʶĥʯһֱϡ
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ܲ˼顣
ȻԷͨĳط߱ӦĥʯĴڣŻҵԼ
ǸҶײȤѰԥܾˡ
겢⣬ȻѴŻʯҲȻʯҵ֮شɣֻҪѸεֻҪܰ쵽ģزü
ѰҡͷҲȱʲôû飬͸ˡ
˵գתߡ
֮ǰڰߣʱվԶһڵ۾Բ¶ɫҪȥסѰ
ˣ߰ɡ
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Ŵˣһʵ
룬˶ĥʯǣһλѹǧʮĴ뢣ΣҲС
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Ѱü˭ųģ


2410 㽣ի
һ˵һ˵
춼
һɳλ棬ڴǧ壬ǰ貺Ͷʢ
Ƭ磬֣ͳֹ澳ﱲ಻ε
Уԡ㽣իΪ
㽣իĵ̶ֲֳ̿ȣ
Ӵ㽣ի߳ĵ澳ڣﵽϰ֮ڣӵŲֹһλ
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֮ǰǰ꣬Դ㽣իݼһڵĺᣬ桱š潣ۡǧأһλ̤۾زεľ۴ۡ
ߵЩ۾Դ㽣ի
㽣ի춼һͳ춼Ǿɳһλ档
ŵ˵ɳУ㽣իҲżӰ
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ʲô춼һͳʲôڵĺᣬ⣬㷽һ۴ۣҲѰĺ޲еЦ
ǧֻ꣬ǵ۾ضѡ
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ۼѰ⣬ӷЩˣѵǰҿûǴӦǷĽףʵǵ۾ڸղšѾûˣ
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Աߣһֱ˳ŵһ͹ˣһһʮˡ
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͵͵Ҳ֪ϵĵ۾ɲǶеȥǧսʮУҲһȥϾǵط̫գһ
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Ԫɨһۣ¶һĨЦ㸸׺Һؼҹϵǳֶض񡣡
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ʱԪ΢ı仯´˷һۣ㾹Ȼ֪һȵϢĪ㸸׸ģ
ͷǡ
Ԫ浹Ҳ֪ĸףһλͨĲδڣǰ紳ҲǱ߽ύѣܹϢҲ֮С
ɺܿ죬Ԫ滹ҡͷУɳУǶϲ鷢ġ
ŲסΪѾһ㹻Ԫ涯ĵ˭룬ջԸΥ
Ҫ˵ʲôԪ飬ֶЩȥ
湰ֵǾͲǰˡ
ת뿪ֱ߳ʱƽˮĿϲŸֳһĨ
һ̤۵ĵѣԱ˰ؼңɸܾԼ
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ǡ
˽
УԪЦһ㽣իĴ˶ѣǲεĴΣ
ںؼУҲϡѰ
ˣȥһ鱻ⷽ涢ϵĶ˭һλ۴ۣͲ̽һ¶Է
ûãԪ´
ǺؼǲǰɳǵĻʹֻһǾɺؼƿɳǵǧڣھһܹΪؼõҫ
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£ܻΪһ棬ƻеĹ
οҪԸĻһ۴ۣ
Ӧ£һȥ⻤ʹֹҪɨأ۵ĺؼң
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棬Ҳ˱ԣڳʱ㸸׳桭ҲȲ㣡
Ԫз޵⡣



2411 ؼҵĳı
ڳй졣
Ѱžǰһŷƾ֤
ӵָ㣬ÿһʱ䣬ͻһ۾ﱻڣ뵽ǴǧսС
죬һ۾ͽ̡
ǰҪౣأСɳ˻꣬ʶҫޱȵĵ۾ǰǧս򣬿ܹ˳ִǿߣȴ֮٣˴ǧսʬ
ٱ֮ʣЩᣬġ
Ѱй֮࣬ҲһЩƷı
ңѰ벻ͬĶҲ۽磬
һľ
Ե֮աѰЦ
Ӻݺݵͷ
Ѱ뿪ֱߵ;ȻӵĴǰҺȻһû˵
£Ѱֹͷ
ҽб֣ӻִ󺰡
Ѱգһ·ȷѯӵˡ
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ֺϵĳѰҰУ˶㣬аҵҪǷҸһǰǧս򡣡
ӦǰУһֱ˶ԼѿƶԷݣǴ㽣ի֮ˡ
ԴˣδᣬҲδûк棬ǡ桱ĥʯʲôܣöԷ˵
ϧɳǣ޷֣ĻѰƢڵһʱͽԷˡ
ҡҡͷ˼Ѱ
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بÿһɳǳĵ۾õġ£͡ŵ
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ĽףνǸȡ衣
ȻǰܹŴӴǧսִ硣
˼Ƭ̣Ѱ͵ͷִܵ磬Իǰؼһˡ
羿ʲôӣ
ѰҲ֪
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ңʱкؼӻ˰Ŀܻ뵽ԼݷһǵĲ£
ѰӦԪ淢ˬʵЦ
̸ֽûãѰǡ
ԪͣСмǣһ磬ڳǶɵ̳ǰϣĪҪٵˣҪǰǧս򣬾ֻܵȵ¸ʱˡ


2412 ɼ̳ 
Ѱ߳ͼԷΪ׵һ˴Զ
һӱ΢ͣ͡
΢ȻЦЦֹǣƺҪڴǧսˡ
ѰҲЦˣҲڴܴ˽һйء桯
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СѣͲһˡԶѰԪ溬Цк
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ԴˣѰ⣬Լһ˸ط۹۱Ǳǹģɮ붨
ͨĽ̸Ѱע⵽ֵעĽɫ
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졣
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ˣĳλͨ뢣ѹһ磡
ڳһھ۴УΨӵŵ۾صΪ֮ҫۡ
һɮۣӰݣ̤âЬڵɮˣǣʯݡ
ɮ˺ѰһǶߡ
ڳڴɮʱٶżɵ֮ɫ

һԡ硱ľ۴ۣ۾۷壬һнղٲɲ⡣
磬Ǵǧһ磬͡С硱һ𣬲Ϊ󡰷ء
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һԡ硱ӣ޷˪̬һɫ
ڽ̸УѰֻ֪˺šۡ
һһɫУɫɴɫսìŮӣںڰУˡ
ԡڤ򡱣šǾֻۡ۾صľΪѰȴŮս²ˡ
ⴿһֱ
ȻֻѰͨ۲Ӧǿⳡһ۾ڱǰǧսûһѰɫˡ
ͬʱѰҲϢشԼ
ˡ
ڴʱһֱڵȴԪȻ¶һĨЦݣԶȥ
ͼԶһΪ׵һŹӳ۵ӣ񣬿ɷһڳʱµسɴ硣
ߣһòĵ۾ӵţಽɫȻе澳ȴͬƵģǳ۸ߡ
вһ궯˱ˡ
桢¡Щ۴ۿǳ۸ʱҲ΢΢һ
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ǰͥĴˣѰδɵʱʥһԾͬһնգǿա
ᣬƵͥĺĴˣʥǰʮľŮӡ
ڹɽɱرɽʱᣬģԱѰܡ
ҲǴʱѰͲټԷ
룬ʱ󣬾
һʱ䣬ѰоͰвΪ˿ʦӵߣһġݣ䲻ʲô鷳վǵĲ¼ɣ
ܿ죬Ѱͷ龪һĺױ俴Լ΢΢һδϡ
ΪλˣѰҲ²Ѿİ١
ɻĺǳ۸ߵӣ
̧ۿȥͼԪںͳ۸ӽ̸ɫƣЦݺ㡣
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ֻ̬ȣʶⳤ۸ݶϲܼˡ
󣬾ͼԪһӣλһһɵ̳
ȻǰŵѾˡ
½жһһɵ̳վڲͬķλϡ
ûá
һ쳹ͼǧɷԲĵ̳ն𣬹Юҫ貵ĲϢԶŲƶȥ
һ̣켣ɳе޵߽ԱĿ׷Զȥɵ̳
һ۳ˡ
ب񣬴·֮ϵ۹䣬Ѫ飬ִܵߣмˣ
ǲصջ۾֪׶༪٣Ҳǰ̡

ӱɵ̳Զȥૣǰذ
ϡ
һŲϢӣɳǣֱǰ
֪һˣѾɵ̳糿ʱѾɫ
Ǻʲô£Ϸ֤ưոݣ
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Ŀ뿪Ԫ治ߣû˵ʲô
һ㽣իĲڰˣưոΣ
ӣǷĸף㽣իеһ̫棬һλ澳ʵĿֲڡ
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ͬʱ뿪ɳǺ󣬲һ̾
ֹǵķڽǧսİΣһ˵ź
棡
ǱѰµıȴʧۣ֮


2413 ļ
Ļڡ
Ͳֻ쫷ϯУǿֲϢ˺κε۾
ɵ̳УͷųɬĲŽһһֻٶȱû
Ѱͷ
ĻλеĽǲεҲС
УѰᵽĻĿ£ɵ̳ӻֻԶԶţľ
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΢Ци飬ȻҵԵһţΪΣϷ֪Уÿһǰǧսͬˣôġ
˻һӱ
ǧսУĪ⣬ɱķһͨ·ϣ᲻֪ٵ۹ʬ
ܽУȻʤж
Ҳɫ䵭޶ԡ
һˣ۸һˣԼһЩԴ޶á
ЦǧսУΪɣ˴ɱɲΣվĲ룬໥˴˽䱸һ飬ػֱں֮Ҳûʲô𡣡
˻һǵõͬ
ЩˣԲͬ磬ÿһͨǵصܣڸУٲȻװĴڡ
Խ¸֮Ľɫ˴֮䣬ԽܻЭһж
˵ǿԣҲֻһЩСϣأ߼ޱȵ飬ܰǡ
ȻЦλԶͥľ۴ֹۣ̬ݡ
һڣòĶ
ĵ澳߶ʱЦԼǣɣԸһжģͱ̬ȱɡ
ڳ̤۲εĵ۾׷׶Ӧ֮¡
ңٲȻҪߺհ
ҲһܺȡůľٶЩ۾ﶼ֮£ȴڶԣ̸ֻ϶󺦴
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Щ˵ˣһСȺ塣
緽桢۸ӡ졢ۡǾ۵ȵȾߣԸһ۾γһһ
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Цŷ롣
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ΪԼǿչŵǰԺգѰԼоӦˡ
һ˼⣬һָ棬Ƶĵ˵
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˽һɫ΢䡣
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أǳ۸ӿˣһĿ磬ޱȣͳУ͸˵ϡ
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۸ӵ˵ǿչŵϳһ۴ֵۣԨ㣿
ֵԨҼԵǿƽ񣬺λȫһˡ
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ѰУ²͸ΪҪô˵ʱ򣬱˴֮仹жԹ
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֮ǰΪ˰ԼȴΪһ仰ͱһǶ⣬棬ܾ衣
ѰҲŭѣȻٿ

˻һȫ궯ԲȻ¶֮ɫ
˼㾹Բļңλļҡ֮ۡһġ罣ۡٺ㶼֪˼̫˼ˡ
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ǻУһվɫضѰڣùҼǸ򣬴ǧս֮أ
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϶ڵĻ֮£򣬾ƾ仰Ѿˡ


2414 ս֮
ѰŴġ
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ʱĹŻЩͳǺǿչŵϵĸͥԲ
Ȼһ˺ǿգҪǧսǣ޹ңĿЩв
˵֮ǰѰǾ仰֪η
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ǳԾ֪Էǲļ֮ˣѰ˴󵨡
ŷ࣬ڳɲɱ
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˭ѰֹǱˣֵڳ׵ļңִǧսʱע
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ѰƳһۣһûĶȽ˴ǧս
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˵ţڴǧս֮ĲͬǿУƵĽţͨǧս
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ֱǶ뿪²ų̾һѰȭѣأ
˵գҲһڽΪ˵ǿһȥ
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·ʬͼȡůߣرۣͬĴηߣرѪ裬޾ߣ̤һѪ·
ϵУһѰѣο㣬ƶɮȴһֱ·֮ϣܹߵøԶ
Ѱ˹֣ɵѼԡ
˶٣˵Ҳһֱ
Ըꡣ
˵Ķԡ
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֮ɵ̳΢΢һ㸡ն𣬳ɳǵķ򷵻ضȥ

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ѰʶɢһʱͲƬУȫָɷ⡣
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սǧսԵشϵһ׶֮ء
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Ӱ˴нǧսǿߣֱŲƵ˴еĲͬط
ѰЩӵŽսǿߣԻᱻŲƵսġ򡱡
ֻǹսһ֣ɵ֮󣬿һ硣
񷳣걻Ѫɷסǣſɲɷһĵ۾ڴˣҲСж
ԭڣѪɷ׵в֮⣬˵بݷʤġѪħ
һֲֿ֮ڴ˵ǿߣɢƬʬѪ⣬Իᱻ伳ȡͿɣһ֣а
еġʡһЩƬгĹɷӰȥ٣ΰ㲻׽޺ۼ
޵иʱͻͻȻɱǹܺʹ
ѰʶյִʱѪɫӰһͷѪħ



2415 ɷ黷
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УȻӳһѪɫӰƵģɱǵٶȣò˼顣
Ѱߣ޾ΪһڴԨѪɫӰճײеĳӣӰͣͣԨѹ
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˶٣ѪħеľǿԽΪһɡɷԴ֮Ǵǣĥ۱Ų˼á
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Ѱ˵ͷʵ뿪սǰ磿
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һƬɳѻ֮صĺ󷽣һƻɬĹӰתһ˵ӰϢȫڱУ͸㣬޷
ڷУһԲĺɫͭͭǡӳֳѰľ


2416 ˭֪
ò˵ӵĵǾһɱȣ²ǰ㣬ҹˡ
һЦ
Ϊ۴ۣû㵨ǲŽв
浭ȻΪ۴ۣܹ̤ϴ˵;ģѰϵţеࡣ
ÿһľ־ɰͬҡ
ʶִսѰ͵֪Ѱڵķ֮󣬷Ȼһϡ

ã
Ըɸ¾һ֣ҪѹѰؾ۴ۣҲעһĴۡ
治ϣĽ
Ī⣬һĴǧսܹȫܻøá
ɲѰһϣҪĴۡ
´ãԷһ׵
ʱƬصĴ񡱣ɾʮŵ첼ãǵĽﵽ˵ǧء
汻УһʱҲ޷
Ȼ沢ǵʦ֮һƷɡ
ҲǷѹ׵ɱ֮һ
ѾϹˡ˷ܿڡ
̧ȥͼѰӰѾǵؼ䡣
֮ǰټѰע۾ʱѾأŵ֮ɫһ»ΪǱŵ˰ɣ
Ĳ
ͶȥһĿ⡣
ټѰ֮ˣȻǷ氲ŵġ
ʵϣҲû뵽Ѱĸҹһ
һжѾҪˡ
ʱˣ𣡡
ƣһкɫͭ͵ת
䣡
ʱطȻһ䣬ͼӿֶصĽڱһء
еѰӰʱؽƸǡ
ˣ
ü䷺һĨɡ
ҰУѰ£ĵƽƸǣͽ
ߣһȥһλǿչŵľ۴ۣ
߳źɫͭУ۾
󷭹תˮء
ûãͿѰЦ
Ӱӣ֮ǰҿѾλᣬƫƫڤ粻飬ΪһԼ֪;ĥʯȴˣֵ𣿡
ĵ۾ЦѰΪᣬ͸
ȴѰ䱻ؽѹƣȴƲţȻֲýٵԭ׼
洽𣬵ҽ̤ۣʶҪԸˣʤܲһһ䡣
ȻĴһЩηĻ¾Ͳһˣֻ̫ߣ˵֪Ͼǿչŵǵطɿףʲô죬ˣ
Դ֣͸һָӺͼζ
˵ţһ֡
ȥժ׼ҪúϾɱһ۴ۡĺܲء
һȺ۾һӿԴźεɱȻ
䣡
ڣϼХ
ֵ͵۱̵֮ˮ¡¡ѹճѰһ˺ɱȥ
Щ۾ΪߵеڣΪ͵Ҳе۾ս
ټԴ㽣իȻƿصĵõĵ۱Կƶ⡣
ʱһ֣ǵֱõ涼
ͼѰȻЦ֪ұ㣬˭֪
һչ
䣡
һ޷ݵĿֲϱŷɽХϵؽƶƵը
˷ӦѰӰʧԭء
һ̡
ۣ
һܼƵ쳹ͼ޾貽ɨǳһڵ۾룬׼򱻴̴ţֱӱãã顭
ŨɺĵѪĲҽգۼѣһĻѪȵ¾ݡ
̫ˣ
Ѱ󣬵һʱ䱩ɱˣֱħھ⧲֮£λ۾ﱻ㵣֮ɫ
һ淴Ӧʱƴȫ֣ǣסѰɱ¾ֻء
λҲܿͱѰѹȵ̧ͷ
ԶҲһĻһֲɫ͵ȣ
۹ĵһľ۵ͷţһ¸˭ơ
ϣ
һڵӳӨѩףհҫ۷âնѰ
һޱɭϣδͷųĽ֮ʢֱԾ塣
Ƿ춼У潣֮ƺţҲ˸£
ȻѰһĺ޲
һԨХԣǰһ£Ե֮
ͫһĲһشۣȴסԼŭһ
ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѱ͵س壬һ֣һֱѹĵһը
һѰǵеޱȣּѷɫڱĴһǵȳ;ǵͷƤҪըð
ܣֻƴȫӲ
¡
գۼ䣬λͱɴĺɱƴҲУӰԪ񶼱ɢһա
ܡ
۾ֱ
۾ɱһλ棿
½ֻһص棬һ֮棬ǵȿֲľ磬Ǿ۵۾ܹģ
룬ʣȵ۾ؾ۴ۣҲ첻һ
һжԵ̫̫ˡ
Ȼ侲ǣ˿̶Щŭģܵĸо
һĲõľ֮ȴͻأرͬ裬÷š
ѰչֳĿֲս߸֪ɿ侲
ʱѰвƵģɱǲĵ۾
Ѱı档
浹Ǵ㽣ի߳ľ۴ۣ󣬵һӦƴѡ˱ܡ
ৣ
תߡ
֪ԼܷһصĴȫ͹Ѱֱͣʣ⣬ȱȫ
ɾڴʱѰһӣΪͼٿʧС
ţڰ㣬˵ı仯
ã
ɫ䣬Լеĺɫʧȥ˶ԴĿƣһؽԼǶ
ܣ
۾ɵùԲʣǲҵ
䣡
ԶѰɱԨڣӳһڵĵ⣬նɱ
Σʱ̣͵ſһ¡
һӲӵķگֶ춯صĺУѰնһס
ѰȻʶɫگһǱѰıӯ˿˿ƵϢ
ˣ
ͼǽɫگһ⣬ӰЮţȫ޾ؽҪӳ
Ѱâһԥʩչɱﵡ
һΣǾ̷뿪ģ


2417 ֮ӡ
д󶨡
ɫگıֶΣҲǰǧսĵڡ
ӣҷסˣ
ҧ͸ŷ⡣
һ׼ɱ֣ȴԼ۽Σǰġ
ţ
Ȼһ㱼оһ׹ǰ⣬ɲǼͣ١

䣡
һڹ׾¯Ľɫگһѹ¯
¯ȻԨ
֮ǰѰƾʩչͨȡһطĻᣬտԨһٽԷѹ

ڣʧɫ˻Уƴ
ɫگͷųӲԣһ֯ͼԨ
ͣѰתԨ׺ͻ״һ֡
ǰ߾Өɫ
ţ̹Ρ
֣ĪϢѹȣǽɫگͷųʱɢ
գɫگѹ
ðëȻĳ׸е˾֡
Ǹսǧսĵһ죬ѵԼҪѣ
飡
һɿֲѹȶǰһڣֱӻ˹ȥ
ѰԨųɿ
÷ˣԷܻʱҪץסԷɾǧˡ
ҲѰϧýͨԭڡ
£ѱѹƾֶΣɾ˿һ죬˽⵽йء桱ĥʯ
ԶХǸڷߵһڵ۾Ѿױ
սƷҲʰ׵
壬ѰۻӶ

⸲ؼľ󣬶ʱ˾ʮŸ죬Ѱץ֡
䲻Ҳ
Ѱһͽһ
ƿڷеĺɫͭǾ̣ŷ汻ѹȻҲѰС
ؼѪɫããɷ¼
Ѱһܣ뿪
Ȼ㣬Զȥô
ӵѺֶΣƸ꣬ŤתǬҵҲǴ۽簡
һп
ͼһ󲨶ӳֳһ˵Ӱ
ۣ磬۲޷˪һɫ򣬻ɢȻ֮
ߵЩ۾ɫׯ࣬һȺ㣬޵ߡ
ԭǡ
ѰüҲ˵޵ߣԷ޺Ȼ£ز֣֮ţǧ
ѲضǣҵֻԵɺϣʷᣬ޴⡣
Դӹģжа㣬ˣ˺ִ֮ġ
𡣡
ѰͷˣҾһˡ
˵գתȥ
һû뵽Ѱߵ䣬ΨָԼմϰϵƵġ
˿ʵڹ°֮Ժһ뷢ѩ׵ü͸Ųá
վһɱ٣ֲǵټн䱸֮顣
ۿѰȥķ򣬲ΪȻЦЦֻǣҲû뵽㽣իһˣһˡ
̸£˽¶֮ɫ
֮ǰǶڰУһ˵Ĳ־۵ףΪǿչŵӱػѡ
˭룬󷴵ǹһ˵ӻ
һж֤Ӿֻһص۾ǰ򵥡
ϧˣұԷһͬУԷǸܻκ˽ġ
̾˿ͻֵҲ߰ɣȡѼʮžѪħı飬뿪˵ء

һƬߵĵر
Ѱڴ˿ٳһ¶ң¸Ϣ󷨺󣬾ͽԨ
ֱѰǽɫگȡ
ȸѿڵگʳֳʣ̵ӦǵؽƷֻѰ
ڴǧ磬һšگѿ޼֮ˣԿסԵ澳Ļɱ
ϧշС̫Ͳ֪Ǳ۱Ҫ
ѰһⱻȸگıЩź
˱ѾĴɲó
گĲΪ죬̲ʣȵ۽׵ϸͺ
ȸȻ̽๣ͽگԽ˶ӣһ߳һ߷
ԺֳӯʵĶ㶼Ըʳãұ֤ǧսУᾡΪָһ·˵ִܱ֤磬벻ǰס
ѰסӦأ
ȸߣͲвˬָһٲľ·
Ѱ
ʼѹηϵı
ò˵Ϊ㽣ի߳ľ۴ۣΪһλڵĵӣЯıҫۡ
ģԴһţҶһƷֵ࣬侪ˡ
ˣʮеҩֿĵرϣԼĪĵ۱
еӡġ
Ѱģһ۽ߣӨѩ죬ԺòƣΡȻĳ֮УƷ༰侪ˡ
ҲƷϽף
˽׭̡㡱ģ̻ʣԱȴϡ
˽Ϊû飿Ѱü
ȸ۱Ʒףɲǿ֡ĵ۱Ҫ侳УҪķѼѪʹۣңɱ䵽۾Ρ
ҲӦ֮·ε֮գԣÿһξͻƣٵĽѣ޵߸գԹƾ֮µɲ
۾ɵʱӵǻۡľ͵Уĵ;˷ͻǿɾͲˡ
ȸ˵ЩѰҲ
ɽĻѰǰûкú˼ġ
ͼȸˣƱ۱ϣȥѡ顣
۽ˣƷѿǵ۱жΣδ顣
Ѱ˵ͷ
ЩֻȴûؿǹԼԨǷҪһ顣
죬Ѱҡҡͷ£ĿǰΪֹԨǷӵ飬Ҫ
һڱ𣬾ʼʷй顣
Ѱǣ˾һ״̬У㣬Ψ廹
ֻԪһӡ
СӵǹݣԼԼʩչ˽֮ӡ
ȸһ۾ʶˣЦطѾãһЩУΪ˱ˣԪ½֮ӡһʱֻҪ֮ӡɱסԪ񣬲˾ǵҲ޿κΡ
˶٣ȸȻСԪеĽ֮ӡ丸µģɢһɲ֮ҲζţھɱԪҲ޷ĥ𣬳ܹǽ֮ӡƽˡ
Ѱü֪ƽ⣿


2418 ͨ һȻ
ȸԪĽ֮ӡһλֱʣҲζţƽ֮ӡҲӦӵвε
Ѱһûбİ취ˣ
ȻС
ȸָǱ۱УһһɻԴϢȻֻǲȱһҲؽƷ
һš
˵⣬ȸЩˣɡҲϢر𣬹͵ؽ׾Ʒ൱ϢȴޱȼɬҲȴжƷס
ѰԣȻ
ԨеһףǲȱģҲȵؽƷ
ޱȾˣȵؽ׾ƷϢҪȵؽ׾Ʒǿ
ЩֻҪеһ֣ǿн˵Ľ֮顣
ȸʱ򣬴ԪҲ֮촷ۡ
ʱѰˡ
죬׭ֵĥʯóȸϵô
ȸӰ죬һ鶯۾ֱֳ֮ɫҡͷֻʯͷ䲻򵥣ɾкȴ
ȸԲԪϣޱȽе𾪣֤ĥʯˡ
ЩʧѰ׼ĥʯ𣬺Ȼע⵽ӷȻһϢ֪ĥʯĴڡ
ˡ
ͬʱѰеĥʯҲǲײ΢΢һ
Ѱһʶɢٿӿ뷽ڡ
һּ״̬ţѰʶ׾پС
죬Ѱҵһ˿ϢԴ
ڷı۽Уһɫʯ飬ƴСƽӨף͸Ƶģ׵͵⡣
ԥѰɫʯȡ
УʣţľһֱϴӰ֮С
ʯ鱳棬׭ĸ֣񡱡
ƮݣһִڡңԲ֮ͨС
棬񡭡ȸૣƳˣ⣬ԡ
ͬʱѰҲĳ
棬罣ۣϬ
磬Ʈݣң
һһʯͷһĥһģ˴˺ӦγһĲϡ
㱼䣬һЦ
ͨһȻβ֪ֻظԪ
ħѰһľУںƺƵ˳У¸ֻظ˻ת
͵أһ̾ϢǺƵ˳͸żȺȻ
ʵڽֻأ߼ԪУѰѰ٣ȴѰȻ
޶֣վ̫įѵΨյĳѣ
ɵǳ˵Сͷȴڵ
ʲôƨͳͳǺ˵˵
ÿһ֣羪ըף¡¡쳹ѰԴʹʹ
еҪܲסʱȻõͳƽ糹Ȼͷ¡
ˣ˵ͨ޷ֻһ⣬辶
ԣѰԺУȻֳһ桪
һƬŰĴУһӰתãã֮У£ֱɢ
ֻһƬŰĴ棬بżȡ
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䣡
⽣ѰֻԴըӻɬõľбļ
ֱá
ѰֻԺ֮ǰнʧ
ֻһ翵İ֮ĵƣᶨҪƼ֮ѣǰȥѰ㡭
ǰ͸ŨŨı;Ȼ
ѰҪϸʱһư֮Ҳʧ޺ۼ
ƸղһУһʵξ
ãѰųһ侲Ŀеʯͷϡ
ղһĻĻȻǲʯͷϵ־ۼ
һת޵ӰȻĥʯʯˣһλֻأԪĽ뢣
޶֣վ̫į
仰͸¶ĺ壬֤ڽ֮ϣλѴﵽǰĵز
գλȴѡֻأ¿ʼҪ辶ߵ;
ԭڣҲٴͻƺͳѵ·ˡ
Ѱ𺳣޷λ뢾ڵ;ϴﵽ˺εȵزŻһ
ΨһԿ϶ǣڡ֮桱ʹʧ
뿪ǰǽ彣ӡ֮棬ʶ뿪֮һ彣ͨ㣬һ͸ŨŨζİ
桢뢡彣
Ѱ˼⡣
ص桢桢컯桢棬ʱ򣬽Էֲǿչŵ
ֱ桢٣Դݽߣ컯䲻
棬ز֪УΪҪҵ棬ֻܺǿգǰ˰ҵ
Ѱе𣬺֮ĳ
񣬾˸ղǷ˼һĻĻҲѰʶĥʯˣ棡
ϧѰ֪˭Ҳ֪޷ƶϳ̫顣
ղƺ֣ȸȻʵ
Ѱ˵ͷһˣ棬һ裬ǰ޵֮
ȸ꣬Ȼ᲻֪кʱһλܣ
Ƿ˽棿Ѱʡ
ȸ˼Ȼ֪ܾǰ粻֪жѰ棬Ϊڴ˵Уֻذأ޵ڼԪٲ𡣡
ֻǣûһܹҵ棬ڣУҲ̸¡
ѰȻֻذأ
ȻԼУһֻذ磡ֻأܵУ
ֻƶϺʹ⣬оʲô˭Ҳ֪ȸҡͷ
Ѱ˵ͷ
Žĥʯ𣬶Ŀ⿴״̬ķ档
ܹԼѰʵ
ȸȻԣֻǣҪڰ֮ˣҲʩչ֮ӡҪĴۣ⡣
Ѱһ֪̾ʱڣԼ޷ⷽϵõйĥʯ˵ˡ
룬Ѱѹ޷ǰʱˣȵ
Ѱʼϥ
һ
Ѱӵ¶Ѩ߳
Ѫɫããؼ䣬Ӱ˸ŲƣѰپѪħ
֮ǰһһ˵սɵսƷУһžħı顣
Ҳ˵Ѱű飬ֻҵ˿ţܹ۳ɷ黷
ƾ˱ԴиǵѪɷףսִ߳һս򡱡
ͬǣڹսĲͬУҲӰѰپѪħ
˭غܷӹս߳


2419 ϸԪĴԴ

һƬؼ䣬һȣһֻӲӵ£һѪħֱĳƬ
һӣͽһɷԴ֮ͱ
ɢͫ׷Żɬâһεİ
ֻǵĿű飬̫ˡ
Ǹ޷ռƷѵġ۵Դ
һݼźڰĵڣ硣
ţһƬϸԪĴԴƬκε۾Ϊɱ䡣
ֻǣԴޣһЩƷѵĴԴǼ֮ϡ١
ʱ䣬ֻж̶һʱ䡣
ҲζţڹսʱԽãԽܻ˺󣬵ʱ򣬵۵Դ类ˡ
ץʱˣ
֮ɫ
Ϊ۵۾زΣһҲǴڴǧսУʵͻơ
̤۵۾ء
ǧսȻգҲ޾壡

һϡ
课۴һ˷ɿŲơ
ɫСɫսìɫɴںɫУжʱɱ֮ϯǬˡ
죬ȫѼ飬Σ뿪ս
дߴ١
׷ߵһڵ۾Բҵ

һˡǾһ֮⣬սУԿۡµȵΪ׵ĲͬȫԸѼ顣
ǶԣΪΧĹսûʲô̫вҲûʲôֵöļֵ
ĶġԴ
ս˰˸֡
ѰЩӵŽֻǹսһ֡
߸УͬԲͬλǿߣڸĽж
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ңߴУҫޱȵľ۵۾ڣһЩ˵ĵ̣֮졢ۡЩˣй֮޲
һУÿ˶֪Ҳڵִ󣬴Ӱ˴һ޵֮䣬עΪᡰԴѪͻ
ΨȵִǿߣռȻ

ʲô飬ҸҪֻҪ
ѪɫУٺɫ⵭Įɱ
һڵ۾ڽս󣬵һʱչѰжĿĲΪռ飬Ϊ˻ɱѰ
ֱʱҲԷٺвЩ
ս֮ѰȥǺѽ˾
̬ӵڣɫɭȻ֮ǰǵطֻһССֻҪ˳֣ѰҪࡣ
أٺü
Ǿ֤ҪôɥڹսҪôĴη壬ܿǣֽ޺
οǴлĿģֵýʱ;˷ϡ
ٺĬƬֵ̣ãͰж
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һֱٺߵĺһۣнԲһء
ǵȻ֪ӾѰݣֻҪһٺ㷢֣¶׶༪٣
û˱ǸλԲļҵġ㽣ۡǺεȿֲ
ֻϣѰǧҪٺˡԼͬأиֳͬͷ

Ѱʼնûжܡ
Ϊ֪ٺһ֮ǰһֱȫѰ
ֻ˵ս̫ˣõѰһֱٺ档
һ·Ѱȥ
һʱ󣬲ѰռĿű飬ѰоЩζͿˡ
Ѱ·ϣѰʣȸ򣬱֮սΣ
ԣȻ̸϶գƬϸԪĴԴκε۾ĻԵܹΪ
ȸɮ٣ΪԴУǿ֮䣬ƵƵᷢѪͻ
ѰסϸԪĴԴ
ϸԪֱԪѾǼϵˣҲ˵ϸԪѹȥ¡
ȷǣԪĸ𣬲˵ԪʢŶˣļԪأڵļԪǡԪӴѾһپʮࡣ
Ԫ
һپʮ꣡
Ѱ΢һ£ʮǰǿչŵϹʱڣʮǰǿչŵ̫ʱڡ
ʮǰǿչŵ̫ʱڡ
㣬Ӵʱȣǿչŵӹ£Բ˲ֹһ
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ʱϵĿȣѰһ㱣鲻ԽأĥʯĴЦ
ʵڽֻأڼԪУѰѰ١
ѰȻеһ󷢽
ڼԪУ
ѵĥʯˣԪģ
ȸпУŵУ˵ķ򣬾֮ϣת֮ӶᵽԪܡ
ֻϧΪ㣬ŵ֮еģҲֻǴе塭
ѰҪ˵ʲô

Уٿһ󷭹ӿֳӰһǰһ󣬽Ѱм䡣
ֻǧ֮ء
ˣһ绪ï꣬£ӿͣһѩ׷
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ѰüλҪʲô
ģİԲǺһӵнһ۾
Ѱһʱ϶ӦǴս
۾ؾ۴ۣ˲𡣡üĿİ׷Ц̾һ䡣
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ԭǴˡѰʱȻ
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罣һϺУһѩҫ۵ķɵ˺ѳգնɱ
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һ֮£ûѰĽ겻Щȡ
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ͼѰӰһ͵س㣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣ걩ɱȥ



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ʲôǾص۾ܹӵе꾪ŭֻǰһУҪ߸֪
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ۼѰ˵ȸȴԲƵģҲ⣬֮ǰɱĵ棬Уž桯ߣҲҲ˵ûһǣֹڵ۾ء
Ψһ֮棬ɲβࡣһ֮;ž棬֮𣡡
ȴѰ˿գ˼ͷԭˣ˵˵һ治֪оž˵лͽ̡
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ÿһʱ䣬ͻǲӵܣǧսĥΪĥʯӴǧսǿΪУ


2421 ٺ;
˶٣ȸٺˣӦþ㽥ǧսһ·ϻԲˣһЩɫҲй֮޲
Ѱ΢Уôһ˵ҷʶʶˡ
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ѰӱܵĻᣬϣ¡¡ѹ˹ȥǵƣٲȻ޵кƣҪɨ˼䣡
飡
ָڶλžҲ򱬣״͵һžһޡ
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Ѱü䣺Ͳɱᱦ
ӻǿЦҿ䣬Ӧò˱顭ɣ
ѰЦĻشܼ򵥡
һ˦˳ȥ


2422 Դ 
飡
͸˼صĺӣһƳϣֱӾͳ鴤Ż˹ȥ
Ѱϴﱦѳһ飬ҵű飬Ҳ˻ȥ
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˽ЩѰͷȻʵǴԴѰ٣

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ɴǱĽͷųѰѪӰһҡΣ㱻ˣ


2423 Դ֮
ǹƵĽջɢ

ѰһвҲԾ
֮ǰȸָ㣬ЩΪȻ
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һսݣ۾Ӱ˸Уÿһչ¶ܣǹꪡṳ桢ӡƿֵ۱ЮѤҫ۵Ŀֲݺύ㼤лŸɱŭ
ȷһսѰһȥԲͬӪĵ۾ɱɢսನء
սԶһͣͰľ޴ռУǡ
ʱʱ籡һͷ׵Ĺꡣ
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ţ
ѰȻע⵽ƯĴ½ΧǱϢڹעսŻ
һĻѰ̶϶ҪԴ̣Ǹǰ׵顣
̫Ķֶڻ
Ѱ룬ҲϢΣͣ˾Ư½ԶһƬҰС

սУһЩ۾ûʤ㣬ϳ롣
Ҳеǲ½ظУǱŸ֣ʶԱ
һЩɱսңɾ򣬵ʮ㡣
Ѱ۹սеӰ඼İӦǴнǧս޵ߡ
ֻһˣѰΪϤġ
ʱƣӹսнǿԽԽˡѰü
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ֵǣԴ޷ߣֻܾ͵¾ȻһеɱҲûжĻᡣ
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ΪͻأһȺ˵죬ȻԲϵġ֮ۡһ
ٺ㣡


2424 Ӱ
ٺһ˵ִƯ½ϣڼݵһս޼ա
ٺ㣡
ƾݣЩԴǧĵ۾ɵѡ
һ
еѰһ¶ζ֮ɫ
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ڶɢ˰ɣԴҪˡ赭дһ仰ҪɱѾõĻԵռ
Щ۾ɫһĨ
½ɱսˣĸӪнһŭ
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ٺߣ̬ӵߣٲ뿪Ը
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һŮ˹ҪΪǣ˵˵ʣԿһλĶУȥԼܳΪҳϵūš
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ΪӲļ߳ĵ۾ǻû˵Ϊ֪Ķ֡
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Ѱһִ㱩ɱ磬һΪͷţܻԨ֮ȫ
ǵƣòͫһӿһͷӦòǼһı
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¡
սƬض
Ѱư㣬ͷųܣѹȵһЩ۾ѣɫˡ
ЩˣΪߵֻһž棬˵Ϊڵ۾ص۾֮䡣
ѰһȺףɨһ
ɴʱȴͲ
ټĺսʱɱϣʵԱࡣ
ʶգۼ䡣
ĺѰָΪһٽһ۾صĽɫɱ嶼ɲĵûĥһա
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Ϊžȫ֣Ҳ޷ǣƺ͵ֵѰɱǱѰһһλˡ
ǳɫ䣬ĸһǿչŵǵط߳ľ۴ۣŲΪѣӵս
ǣѩŵˣ
죡ȥ֪ͨ
ŭ
Ȼڴʱͣ͵ľ޴иȻһƬǵصĵƽǡ


2425 ·
󷭹Ʒܼ糱ӿƬڱΡ

ۼĻЩļҵ۾ֱ׹ߣֽűѡ
Ǻ¾ѩҲܲסЩӣעΪ˸ۣ
ŵǣ֮ǰʱǷһѰ֣һͳͣ͵
з
һıʣֱЩ۾
ۣ
Ƿ֮ʣѰٶȻɱһ۾ؽɫѪˮ۾ĿѣٲҶ룬ȫս
ʱ𾪺ĺеĵѴ٣ѰĿҲˡ
겻ǶѰս˿ֲ
ң뵱ǿչŵʱǻ֮ͬͬˣʱǨ˴ȴȫһˡ

ͬʱ
ͣ͵ľ޴С
ѰӰһ룬һڲãصĽɫͷն޾⣬ͷųɲĻϢ

ѰǰԨ֣סһŽҫԡ
ѰӰ΢΢һΡ
ڶ棬һӰҲǻ˻Σüߣӣ㻹
˺Ȼ罣۳ƺŵٺ㣬һ۾Բ
֮ǰԴʱһʱͲ˾޴Ķԭ⣬ƾѩһ˵ԵֵסκΣա
˭룬һʵĲϷõٺҲ޷ԴĴ㣬޴ڡ
ʱ¡
䣡
ɫ˿˿Ϣһն粻ն˼һ͸ܡ
תȻϢüɱ֮ٲȻɽӣ¸
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ȴѰҲԨӲǺޱ
ΪµľУܵκһ˿ʱ䣬֮ƣսپ
֮ǰͷųֱѩţīӶˣЩļҵ۾ɱ
޷Ϊȡһ߲Ļᡣ
£֮ѾΣֻʣ½ٺˡ

춯صײ쳹ɫԨ棬ת˲ѽʮΡ
սŸһʼնҡ
Ѱǣٺ㵹ǼǿᣬԶһľۿɱȣۺÿһζԼһһ⡣
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磬ƵĽɫǻ⣬ٺ֪һЩչĲУӵ޷óĹ
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ɱ
Ӣдɱ籩Űһмͷš
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ԨÿһӳͲ޿ƥаѹ֮ƾٺ乥ҲǱһһ߽⡣
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Ѱÿһιǵѹȶ£õÿһλʱԱѪڣද嶼дʹ֮Уʼó
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䣡
˲䣬ѰֻһȻĪĿֲݺײԨϣõ˶ĵ˳ȥѪ
Ԩһһζ졣
ܱס
ԶٺǴס㲻Լ۾
ϵɱﵣһƣӡϢֲ֮ɱž棡
ڣȴѰסˣ
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ӰûʣһӳһƮͻ͵⣬һöУɢɱ
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䣡
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ʶٺ㸦һֱӾͱصƽѹϣһģڵء
ǵɫ⣬һһǵȿֲѹ֮ؽѹĿܡ
Ķ
ٺɫѿʶ˲
䣡
Ͳٺ㴭ϢĻᣬѰѾһʱɱԨɱ
ٺðŭ𣺡
䲱ϣŵһɫȻ⣬ӿֳһΰӰ
Ӱ𣬴⣬һ֣͵ػȭ
¡
췭ظƵġ
Ѱı͵Ǳһȭȫˣ
Ѱһжϳһ־չ¶Ϣ̫ǿˡ

ٺ
ͼΰõӰ˫ӡһ޷ݵĿֲϢҲһ˲ۡ
Ѱɫ䣬ȣС壬
С岻˼һʱͳȥ
䡪
춯صĺ쳹ֱ֮ըŽϯ
ǵýһƯ½ض͵ؾ
ȻѰѾȫֵ߷Ǳõɳȥʳһ˿Ѫգɫ΢΢԰
ٿУΰ־ӰѲٺҲӵҲټ
ȻƿٺҳɣһʱѡӶݡ
Ѱü䷺һĨ
ٺսȷǿԴ㽣իķԶԶ޷ʹء
ѰԣٺвΨһû뵽ǣһϵɱﵣֹһ
ˣһնĿܡ
һҲǣٺȳľ۴ۣϵıɿˣ
Ѱɫ𲻶ʱ
̳ɢ֮ǰļһڵ۾ɱսһԶ


2426 
ͨļ䣬Ѱ˽⵽һȺļҵĵ۾Ѿɱһ⡣
ֻʣĺᱻܡ
֮ԻܣԭҲܼ򵥣ĶڵʲôѰķΪ֮
£˽ԱѰķڱС
Ѱûżȥѯ˵״
ڵȡ
ܿ죬ȥɱīӺŮ͵ķҲء
Ѱʱ˽⵽īѱУŮƾһֹطҲѸأʱںѻָ
ԴˣѰ֡
īӺŮӽǾž棬䲻ѩǿ󣬿һԶ£Ҫȫɱȷеѡ
յʱ
ѩŽֵķڷأһ˲ѰͫһС
ˣ
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ɢѹ˵ľ
һ۾类ˡ
սУ䲻ڱҲܵĳѹƣսУ˲СĿ
ؼǣԨȱѰУõ÷ɱʱûһܹȥǵӿı
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СӰֶ֮ǰսУʱܣûܵ
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֮ǰսεȼҺͿֲǽƯ½أ޴УԲ𻵡
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ˣ
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СУɫȻ
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һ仰˽
Ƕõļңؽ޷Ԥĺѵû£Ƿ̣ȵǣԶһľ۴ۿɱȡ
쳤̾οļΣεȺ嫣֮࣬нһ죬ѵҪĵЩ壬Լţηηƣ
ƺˣзɫǧսһѪ·ҵȻ֪ܷˣηЩˣԺ󣬹˭ٲ
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Ѱһս̫𺳺ʹҲȻ򣬴ľеļ
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֮Щ뿪ĵ۾и뷨ΣƾսμסѰ
Ϣɢֲܿطĵ۾½֪ⳡѪսһʱ䣬֪ۺͺ䶯
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ڹսֹһѰĶţһΪ᱾Դ飬ҲѰһ顣
ϾҲǡһ·ˡһš
ڣǾ۲ʶԼԶԶ͹ӵǿ

ʹ죬ɷǣ
µ֪ºҲסˣòŷһЦ
Թ޵ߣΪҵҲһɸ߸ϵģֻǣ˭ǰ㣬ػ
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㽣իһһֱ֣ĪǡѾɱ
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ӵŽǿ߶Ѱֹٺһ˺ͷһг
ֱڣһҲû¶ټ˲òɣǷѡ
ͬһʱɲһ߿ݽߵƯ½ϡ
һҪٺͷɢɫĿ£һϢŰˡ
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һ࣬ѩɫҲˮѿ֮ҧ˵ǧУش˳ǵģǺļԨԴġҡʱԽҵӻУ
ҵٺӿǿҵĳУʲôʱٺ䵽Ԯˣ
ĪҪ£УĵСӵеݡλͬ
ѩŵȰοǧǿΪǰ㾴ηǳ˼ɵĵУɵľݺӵе
ƣҲļبӵеƣӵһУΪβã
һٺ˳Ĭ˵ˡ𣿡
ѩŷóһɫᣬӡŻɬϢ
һüүнūžš
ٺһֻʣǶˣ
ѩŵͷŹ֣ΪҪ˵ѵΪǽǿչŵ
ٺ㷳˵ЩūŶѣ±Σǵѱ¡䡯֮ΪܰѱƿصˣǾʹشˣ
ѩ˸ͷ˻ţǶЩôԺҪʱƾӦ˵ϢӶӵλã
ٺüūŲأ
ѩЦ¼򵥡
ৣ
ָںɫһҵŤķţġĽ
ѩָ⸡ֳһƵ⣬ֱķϡ
Ƭ̺ѩɫᣬ´ҲҪ׷ߣҲӣұ߶ɱ
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ѩһĨɫЦкѣȽʱؿʶݣ
ãô졣ٺȻ


2427 ݻ
޴С
Ѱںѹġύ̸
ܿ죬Ѱͽ⿪еһЩɻ
ԭ۱ɱĵ꣬ĺǿգǰ˰;
˵İ֮·ѰЩƣһ·գݽߵλ档
ҲһЩ䶦ʢλ棬ڴڼ䣬ⲻ˻ᱻɱ
ȻǿչŵΪĸһЩΪߵĵ۾ʱվЩ
ڣڽĳ֮˲ұһλžܡ
˱Ϊʹѣ˭룬˽⵽ǵλžǽū㣬ٺ㡣
ٺ㲢δɱǣʩչĽ䣬Уƿ
˲֪ǿչŵ߳ǰ˰ĵ۾ѱͣ
һˣɻȡʮһԴ
һһԴ㹻κε۾Ķʮšֱκξžۺʹѡ
ǣ;еλ棬ԽĿⶢ˴ǿչŵɶĵ۾
ҲΪΣһ·Ѱǿչŵ۾ƵƵܵΧµԭڡ
Ѱع֪ٴΡ
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ʮһԴһǿչŵĵ۾ȫǴֱʣһò
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ΪҲֻԽƿǿչŵı˰ңŻɳȷ顣
ǿ֪ΪҪôѰ
϶Ҷǿչŵı
ɫˣҲˣñ˰ܲŭ
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ѰаĿɲֹˣŮǡ߳Ƿ硢Լһ峾ľ۴ۡ
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˵˾ҵĶѪ츳ǻŲ˰ѣؾ۵۾Ϊ
ǧ꣬ӵؾ۵۾ΪٺٶȣҪǿ١
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Ѱ˽⵽һЩͨٺԱȣжϳһ¡
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ټǷ硢ۡŮЩɫһҵĴȴȫǿչŵѡ
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ֻҪһ߻ᣬǱặȻ



2428 
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λεĻɽקһһӣն䡣
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2429 ڤظκ
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Ѱһʶ̽ԨС


2430 ΢仯
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ĻǸѰΪˡ


2431 ջ
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Ѱ˼ĻᣬǺɫУϢأٶӳһѪ



2435 սӡ
һʮʮ
ѪɫϢس֣ԽԽ࣬еĴִزеϸ棬ûвκϢ
Եü졣
ѰʱëȻһʱ䳯Զȥ
飡
Ԩ类еľ޴һδκݺУҵĺ
ѰöѪɫˣκγɣתȫ񱼡
ԶԶȥͼѵѪɫᵽѪȵȺ׷ѰԨϣϱŽҫ۴Ŀâ绡
Ƭ̺
ɫӳѪɫʧ
ѰɫЩ΢΢԰ˣ͸ɫнٺ֮С
Ѫɫίʵ̫غͿˣ
˾֮һѪףֺΧžҲꡣ
ȸŹŹ֮ɫ֪УѪײŲΣǧ궼˭룬ȴƫƫˡ
ô˵ҵܲˣѰü
ȸ͵ЦҲֻ㵹ùļһˡ
ѰҲЦ룬˿ûлʶʲôѪףҶԣҲ㲻ˡ
Ƿʶһףȸ޶
Ѱɫһڣҡͷ
ǰ˲֮غڼȸ˵һб
Ȫ·һ࣬߸ߵĲбб壬ͨīϾ°߲ĺۼ
룬ϡɼ׭̵ġޡ֡
ѰһƬؽڴ˲бһ
ȸͷȥһ⣿
һҲ޷̾ӱˡ
Ѱ
£ǿĵƾǽͨصʱǶϲᶯõġ
һ˲ػԤĴ
ϾͨԴԴԨ츳У֪츳˿ɲ
һ˿й¶ȥǵһʱͻ
ǿ󣬿ȴûܹвһ֮ɱﵡ
ѰҲһΣС
ҿ϶ǧսУȻһ֮ȿֲڳ֣
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Ѱǰ̽һԭ
ҪСһЩȸҲǧսкܶؽ
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Ѱ˵ͷת۷״ֽ̬Ԩų޲бһȥ
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룬һ˵ѹֺͼ¶֮Ҳӿȫõ嶼
ͷǺqqĴ֮㡣
ѰɫҲһأһ⼲ۡ
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֪ʱһɺѪȻǺĲ֮£ɢѪ⡣
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ಡ
ڵĲϣͻȻӿһڵ㣬Ѫ֮£飬֮䣬Ѿ£˲ǧ֮
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飡飡飡
ǲϣǧͷϣӿֳһ̹ҷգ׷ɢһƳڤ֮ľ޴ͷӿȥ
ָоͺ׼Լ׼һͷ
ͬʱǲϵѪɫУҲӿһִѪɫֱӹǾ޴֮С
һ˲䡣
أӿ羪ΰѪɫڤ֮ģһͷ
һڲһ־˵ɱ䣡
ߣȸɿѣʶԾ
ѰҲ˵ͷ
Ҳڴʱ
ǺɫٿӳһӲӷĺڰᣬٿ䣬ͳǾ޴Ѫɫͷȥ

ͷųڰ⣬ƻãĪ⡣
ˣѪɫͷͷعԪ𣬵ظս棬ΪλҪң
䣡
һƬѪǺڰײһ𣬲춯صĺ
ǺڰҲ˵һɢΪ꣬
ϢأӿֳһðģӰΰŵᣬۡ
ѰȥֻӰĿܵӳǬ󣬸ǳ죬ܻĪ
һۣѰ궼һϢѹ֡
һΰӰֺƲδѰֻѪɫͷĮȻݼԪҲһڤ򡣡
ѪɫͷЦƾ㣿
һ̡
ǸɫУ½ֳһһӰò棬ţˣ񵭴ݣò䲻ͬɲǿ£
ѪɫͷƱ˻ε̩ɽðΪɱ䣬ʮ޾һˣ
ƺЩˣûУԪߵͷѾȻңҲڼԪУ
쳹أʮƱҷ
ѰֻǰԴ죬ѹòѪ
شѪɫͷģʮ޵ǳ֡
ͼ
ʮΰӰһֵᡢֱᦡͭ¯ֻƴӡ
򣡡٣¾
һһ´ּ⣬춯ء
¡
ֲĴ⣬ƬظǣӳֲֳѪꡢຣ˰١
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Ҳ֪˶á
Ѱֿհ׵״̬лعҰҲǽָ
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·ղһĻĻǻþ㡣
սӡ
Ѱʱʶղľ󣬲ǻþϸԪһս
ԼģһսµӡƬ
һ뵽⣬Ѱƽˡ
ʱ޾£ϸԪѸ𣬿ؽУȴԼŵһƿֲս
ȻֻһƬΣɴҲܹظʮޣεǿ


2436 ʮ޵
ղȷһսӡãȸŷȻҲŸոմ侲
Ҫ뿪ɣȸ顣
Ѱҡͷ䣬ѾˣʶʶǼ֮δ̫ϧ
˵ţǰȥ
ȸȻЩѰǰˣطһ֪Ǵ״֮أԷһ˿⣬ͼ֣֮
ȸ޷Ȱ裬ѰѾ
ԽɫԽŨأĵģûһ˿졣
Ѱͨ̽£ͼϣɢĲƬһЩѷڵĹǺԸ಻һͻɻɢ
ѰжϳϸԪʱ˵ؼֲܷཨܾڴˡ
ľ޷̽
ǰʮ֮أһ·ϣûκһ˿գԵüƽ
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Ϊλ˵Ǽ֮𣿡Ѱ̲סʡ
ȸ׼ش
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ѰȻֹ
ϸȥӣȴȻ֣Ǿ޴ĺӰһ¯
ʮɸߣͨ岼߲ʴĺۼɫƣô˶ԵΪء
Ѱ룬һҧǰ
߽һͼѸʴأʱữмɢ
󶦱棬ϡܹһЩģƣֻȴ޷ϳǾǺεȾ
ڴʱ
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ÿһ޵ԳֲͬķòֱŲͬҶ
ֱǣعε̩ɽƽת
ʮ֣ѰҲע⵽ڤеһ˲ͱ
ʶ̽Уʱ䣬һɹĴ¾ӿͷ
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ԴԹŹصġлȣԴʮ޵ġʮ޵ҪӺͻɬӵܣ侪ˡ
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ӵܺãлʮ޵ܣֳ֣һӶ˽⵽Ȱˡ
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Уȸɴû˵ĸ޵Ѱ㣬ɭڤŻġ
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ֻǣѰл˶ĺôȸȴһ֪Ҳ߷߲ƽĽʵԭڡ
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ȸһ
Ѱһƾն¯Ϸȥ
СģӿնʱɢһЩ
ʱ䣬羪¯㣬һɿֲޱߵĻϢ͵شͷų
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죬֮类ٻǵȻϢ֮£Ѱɫ䡣
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ԭ˷֪ʱѱһƼΧ£
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ΣЩ԰㣬һ޴ĻԲȦѰ˷Χ
ңڲϵͱƽ
·µţ֮䣬עܱҪЩµĻӴ
ˡȸһƵҵģĻ䵽أ
Ѱûȸһǳ侲
ৣ
͵أŲգһϸȥ߹һƾʧ
ѰɫһϲҪô˻ӳΧ
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Ϊǰ·ϣɰǧ𣬽ϸλεģ֮
ٿϣҲڵس֮طٻ졣
ƴˣ
ѰһҧԨ𣬱ֱǰ塣
飡
һ罣ƵײԨϣһɿֲĻҲɢѰѪ
ѹ˲ЩתֱͬƴƵģŽһ⡣
ɽţǰѱ
飡飡飡
ı쳹أÿһײ𣬱ذͷŶĿֲ֮
һӣԨҲѰȻһ֮УҲܼĹɫ԰ףѪ
µǣǺ󷽵Ҳɱˡ
κһλ޵ߣ¶þˡ
Σֵʱ̣Ѱ͵طһȣʩչͨ
һɲ
žͣǡ
Ѱѳһ˲Ԩݺҳǰ·һʱƿ
ô˻ᣬѰŲգȥ


2437 Ȫͷ
Ȫ·ϡ
Ѱڵϣ
忡ɷ͸أԲһ˿ѪգһͫУǾºҡ
֮ǰΪɱΧζýͨźòǼ׷ɱ
Ϊ˻Ĵǣˣһĵбٸɺԡ
һѰȡһЩصҩһһ߾׽һ
Ҷӡȱһ
ѰȪ·ɲȫգʱڤڤ
Ҷӡȱ󣬾;
ЩѰѼòϵĵ۱붼Ҷӡȱ֮䵱ʳ
ʱǵĵѲͻͽı仯Ե£ÿһܹ۾صǿв
һǳ֣ܹ;žԿ
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һ뵽֮ǰһĻĻѰأ£Ǽʵ̫ˣֲһ֮涼ܹɱǵȷκ޵߾
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ţ
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Ѱ֪ЩЦԷǡ
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Ȫ·ϸǵĺɫϡѹֶϢҲɢ١
һ·ѰڿǻȪ·ͷһ̰ĺɫ̳̳ӿŻɬĿռ䲨
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ȸ͸ɣֻҪУͿԺúЪϢһˡ


2438 һ
ǧսУֲŴССʮء
ɭڤ֮⣬ǵһأֱʼǡ
Ԣ˵ߣʸ̤Ͻ̣
ʼǵĹغܼ򵥣ֹһɱ¾Υֻ·ѡ
һ
һǱ䣬Ϊʿ䣬޷
ȸָѾʶλѽǱ˽ꡣˣΪūûʲô𣬻类ɱ˸ʹ졣
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ȸڵ飬о֪ˡ
Ѱ˵ͷֱ̤һ̵ĺɫ̳
ˡ
һռ䲨תѰӰʱʧ

زãȺɽ֡
˿̣ѰһۻΡĹϾ޳ǰǸߴǧɵİ߲ǽȣԵøС
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Ѱ˵ͷֱȥ
סڳսɱ¾˭ԽΪ˸޷ܵĴۣ

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2441 ˷ͼ
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2442 ｻҹɱ
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Ȼһͷ޴ݺգ˫һչǧɣһɿ磬˲ϢԶɶݶ
ݱϣ߰˵ӰѰȻһߣƺܾȣɫ¶ɫ
ѰģʱЩӰɫʱ΢̰оȣҲ˷ܡ
ͷ·𲻾䣬һͷѾõ



2450 
ӿգڣѰ߿
ѰʱֹȻȥǷһĨ޵⡣
ԼΪˣ
ǡãԼԣγһȺŵ
ѰЩȻ˽֮ⷢڴѪ顣
¾ͲǿƵؿˡ
ӣû뵽ˡ
ϣһĻ̲סЦѰĿ޼ɵ
˴
Ⱥ˺ܲͬһӪΪ׵Ļһλ۴ۣؾΪ
߻ž飬вǿУѺǿС
Ҳܸ˼λѰ¶õЦݡ
һЩ⡣
˽Уɱٺ㣬δɹܹ֮ܿԳɱҲΪմ̨Ĺˡ
û˻ţž۵۾صӣսжǿˡ
οǿɶǿչŵǵطȻпɽҲȫԺԲơ
ǻжϣ㹻ĵȥѰ
ڣѰǵ̬ȴеһ˿
ڴʱһͳŴԵЦ
һȺ֮ǰɱʮۣв۴ۺ;ž棬ǻΪҪ𣿡
ؼص㡣
ͼԶһӰƾո֣ò㣬һϮɫۣ棬⿪ʱ
£̤һ޴紬Ƥ«ǳȻķɣƿ
Ѱʱüͷһ塣
֮ϵĻһˣ˿̶¶ݣжһսļٵģ
˱̬
䱻ȴϵǵӵȷԶԷݣͲмѡ
һʱ䣬ʶ˱ܣԶԶѰ֮ľ룬֮ˮޡ
ǣѰʣиֳйضԷһЩϢ

۰شۣšۡͷһԴǧһġ򡱡
䲻츳ݣǧ꣬ɲ⡣
ҲǴ˴βǿУָļѰӵĽɫ֮һ
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ȴһϮۣ㳬ҡͷЦֻǸѣ֪ôġ
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˵գ̤޴Ƥ«Ųնȥ
ӵ޲һ亹ղšԵһⰡ

Ѱٴǰǧ֮·ϿʼѪζ⣬һЩƬԼսµĺۼ
ȻΣ
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ûãһ޴ĺҰУӿŵģǽɫǹ⣬Ȼ͸ضȾɽɫ
ļµǣǽɫУȻɢ֮֮Ƭضң͵˺
һоƤ񱻵һ̵ۣ۾Ҫ
ʱǽɫܣŲӰԶ䱸ʮ㣬׼ǽɫдž챦ذ㡣
ҲѰܵһʶǽɫǻĺУԴ
ƬѲãֻд˵֮ˣƶϣصԴ̺źͽ֮йصķ
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Щ̸Ѱ֪ԭղѾ˳֣ȴɫɥ
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ѰûᣬֲЩУֵӵĺݽɫ
ĿͶڽɫС
˲䣬Ѱ֪ƬżΪŨĽ֮ϢֱҪʵʰ㣬֮
ͬʱһЩΣյϢǱУˮƵģɫǻڣ޷ʵ
λӳҵһ֣ΣһðȥеԴ
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˻һĿⶼѰ
˭ٺŵֻҪܹѰɱܵõʮԴӶ뿪ʼǣԸ⣬Ըٺߣһǰ磡
˶޷ܾջ
ڴʱѰӰٿһǺǰԨ¡¡죬ɱ
˶㵣Ҳ̫ԵһԲϾʹ֣
ͼߣӶιȣ͵ش򽫳ȥ
ν󣬱ϾǾžһ۾һҲñâ
ɰıιȿһ飬޾ꡣ
ɫ䣬ҪֻӲ
䣡
ƬѰ㣬ͷųĻϯɢնѹݣ춯صı
ײУ屻Ԩȫѹƣϼ͹һըĴС
գ˱Ӳ飬
ѪȰԵһĻýɫĵ۾ﲻð
뵽һľž棬תۼͱɱ
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һ̣е̰ɱԵȻ޴棬޾ĺȡѰĿⶼױˡ
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˸Һӣǵȿɲɱ֮Щ۾
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ɫѿ˴˶ӣջû˸ҶԿǿĵĲʣתȥ
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Ѱ̽һץĴֺնȥЮ޿ƥаĿֲܣ˺ݺ߬ס
˵ֿûУӥץСƵģ
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ȥһǳܻ컯Ҳֻ㵹ùѰȻڡ
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˾ŭУе֣û뵽Լֻһ䲻޵Ļɱ֮
Ѱ벻⣬вûá
һ˦֡
ಣ
ֱӱ׽ǽɫ
˵Ҳ˵ã׹󣬵һʱѡȻӰյִϿգһ޴Ľɫоͳֱӽ¾У˲ʧ
ܣͻһĻ󣬶̲סһɫ䡣
ѰͫҲ΢΢


2451 Դ
һ۾صĴڣȻٲڴǧУҲֻĴڡ
ڣȴգ۱ɫɣʧ
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սìϲ֣֮ӡŷޱȵУɢɱ˺ѳѺۡ
Ϊ˺ȻǣսìܻһɫСˣΧҶ衢ѡӻԾ֮
Դͨ飬ƷԴ̵ĴͬѰ
˾أ۾ˣ񿴵һѣ¶˴ѵ塣
ԴһصĹ屦ɢС
ԽƷߵԴԽֵԽˡ
ܹǰһԴ㣬ܻΪУͨģޱ֮֮ľ䣡
ܽãɾǻһ컯
ڣһع屦ʱ䶯ȫ̰Ŀ⡣
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һ仰һˮڳЩ۾ϣǻһ£е̰¡
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ţѰɫ΢䣬һץ֮ǾžҲöȫܻ⡣
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ӣֳɫ棬ħУ絶ɷϯգ׺ޱߡ
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ɡ
ʵѰʵҲԾ
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ͷֻһţһѰרעǰԨͷܣѿҪǽɫսìѹ

Ƹ豩ȣһƬƿ񱩻⣬ſھһƬ𺣣ǵأϯѰ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭض⣬ﶼȾ죬죬֮
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ǳ֣ǰǽɫսìʧ֮ۡ
ΪҪǣܻǿ߻ԶҲи˸˱
ԣʧȥǰᣬҪһˡ
ʱѰһ䣬ɱӿ
ৣ
͵أľ𡢰׽𡢺ˮɱڵһʱʩչ֮ͷ츳ͨ
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ƬأһʷǰĶŰʢϼȻɢ޹⣬ذޱȡ
ĵ۾ԺȻ˱ܡ
棬ǽԸеϢ͵
ۣ
ͼУƸӰգδվȣѿȳһѪ
ͷɢƣѪһУܵش
⡭
Ŀࡣ
ƸǾ۰شۣѪᣬ̺츳ε죬ȴӲУش죡
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Щ޷ܡ
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ԶɱÿһϢԲѰ𣬾Ѱһȫ
ǵεصϢûƸзһʱѡ˱ܣӲƴ
֮ǰѶһɱﵣҼʶѰĿºѾʶɱȥ״
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֮ǰεȰԵǿƣԾ۰ش۵Ϸɣڡ
ȴˣ
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䣡
Ѱı߶Ԩڽһ˽ɫսì׽˽ڡ
Ȼת磬ԶĻƸ裬ɱ糱ɢء
Ƹɫ࣬δѾ˼ɵ֮⡣
ಡ
Ȼ䣬ԶգԼԼһƿ㣬ڳжһ
ζţǿ
Ѱͬٲܵȥˣ䡣
´βҪٱѰ仰Ųնȥ
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ѰĻûƸܵĪĴ̼裬˻ϢŰɫÿ¡
ȫžȺзԽܻǷζԽܣ
Ȼû˸ҿ
ƸȿֲԶЩ˸ҵ



2452 Ĺ
ûá
ǿӰ˷
ֻǣѰȥǻɫսìԴЩǿ߽Щʡ
ɵ˵ѰսЩӰɫ䣬𵴣ЩҲǻС
УϵĻһˣ֪ЩϢһ亹ҡ
ԭۡ棬ӹȻǿñ̬
ܿ죬½ɢȥ
ϾһеһططֲͬԴ
ֻǣܶ´ҪԴ¾ûٻˡ

ಣ
УһĨ˸˲ƣʧڲ񷾡ͷ
˱
·ϣѰʶ̽ԨͼǸŷܵƷĽɫսìѾһŽɫһС̫Ƶġ
ǽɫڣ̻һֺĴأ֮ۻ룬Ʒ
һӦѰͷһĨɫ
꣬Դĺ֮أƿǧִ
УǺͽйصĴʮ֡
Ѱûһ֣ɫ̺ĴƵġ
Сܲƿأɸκ޼᲻ݰɱ֮
һСݣҲնǳ
Ѱǵһμ˷˼Ĵ
룬ѰһԴȡһ̽ڡ
ԴǴ۵ʣڣ͵һʱӿѰڵı۽ڡ
Դʼֽ⡢ڻһ㣬׷ǳɽľڡ
գۼѣͳ뵽ѰĵУٶ֮죬ֱˮһ
ͬʱѰҲܵԼѾƿأָоԲϾֻҪԼ⣬ȫԡʯɽ𡱣
һԴĺôԶֹڴˣı۽磬һƬðĽɫޱȣһĥɵ磬ɢϢԻ͡
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йءӡս飬Ѻ䶯һ֪ٲμĵ۾Ϥ
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Ŵ̽ڽ󣬾ڵһʱһǿߣһͣ
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ڴǧ磬۾죬磬ɼɵľ
ѰҲ֪ʵĵ۾ΪԱֱӾͲκξȻҲͲѼԴˡ
ȻʶĿºѳ׷ˣֻȻ
ѰҲһ˳ٳͻɱ¾̸ʲôв
յѰ뿪ʱֻѼһԴȴջһսƷǴӵʬϵõֱܶһҵһԴ



ʱƣѰӰ߹һһÿһ磬羰ͬȴͬС졣
ΪԴսƵѪȺǵɼ
һЩĺǸɱ˶ᱦĹͼͨӵķʽʱռ㹻Դ
Ѱһδ٣ʶݺЩֱӾͺȻӴܣŵƨ
˴ˣѰĻһ·ѼԴ̫٣ֱչ׷ɱ
һҲ㵹˰˱ѪùѰ׷ᣬһ˵һ⡣
ֱʱѰѼʮԴԼһһսƷ
ѰεǣЩԴƷβ룬õһ飬ҲԶ޷ǻɫսìԴȡ
ܿ죬Ѱע⵽Բһˡ
ѹĵĸϢɽأԿݰܹѡ
ʱʱأһһɫɹһţǺɫɹޱȴ͸Ÿʴ֮ξ⡱
޵۾޷쾳Ϊ͵ס⡰ξ⡱Ϯ˲䱻ʴԪ;Ѫж
һ·ĵ۾Ҳϡ
أԶһɱ
ѰʶɢʱͿڼɱһɫɽƿȨ
Ǻɫɽ룬תȻԴ
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˭룬Ѱ󣬸ûж֣һ仰ͽǰһ˳ˡ
ǵƣֱ٣


2453 ֶ֮ 
һĻҲǾһˡ
죬Ǿ۲ŵ֣ζлˡ
ѰڵϴڹսǷһ飬ھ͵ˡ
ǾһЦ˵ЦˣϴǼ£޷ûȡһЩħıˡ
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ӵλžһڵ۾
һһϵΪףϵǾ۴ۣһžΪҲԲزɲط֮ٺߵѩŶҪǿһЩ

һȺϤףǿһˣ
ʱǿۣ֮ˣԺѰΪ֣ȫһ㶼
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۵ɫһкŷ
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׷Ȼһ顣

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λѵӵĹ۴ȣɫࡣ
׷국ȻЩҪҪһ֣ҵȶԶһ׮¡
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֮ǰЩһһΧʱǷ飿
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޷ΪԴˣأڶԴΪλҪ˾
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ͱԨɨֳأĥڹ֮Уҷ
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Ѱ䣬һ˿
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սУѰӰ³֣׷ɫ䣬ôֻˣ

ϵȻˣɫޱȣϵĵ
ͼѰ̤Ʈҷ׳Ƶģ忡أԹһĨõЦݣ
λܾˣʯ٣ұԲѴ֮һˡ


2454 ٣ּ
һ͸Īķ̣εİư㣬ݺݳڰ׷ͳϵϡ
ǳɫɱӿҪ
ˣˣ
֮ǰлЩѰԳؼ˵߾ߵΪ
룬һоǼٵģ
ǣսڣڵӪأɱŭ
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ѰǲõЦ˶޲һȭã̻ˡ
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׷ɫһ䣬Хҫ۵ɫԣһͭݺҳ
ǳϵһɲȴ˱ܣߣ
ȻȻŭգɲδʧȥǣʶѾӲƴ
ѰĻŹˣͼХһ𳯳ϵΧɱȥ
սıƬض򱬡
֮ǰͬ׷ͳϵԵأҲۡ
£ĿѰĶˡ
䡣
ŷŭĲҽϵֱӱɱԪûüӴܣһ𱬿ɢ
׷ƲҪʱѰһΧ
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գҲɱĥ𵱳
ڳ۾ǲѰ¾һա
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ڣһڶй˳
ܿ죬Ѱش˵صԴûе飬ֱŲգʧ
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ԤУٺ㼴뿪ûȷԼڵھϢǰܻһֱʼС
ԼҪģǻŴǵھ߳

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һĻĻѾ󣬱˵һĵ۾ѰԼȻѣͽ䱸
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һ𣬾ͼһӽ̤һѩĵ˺ѳն
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ž
ƵУӬƵģ˱ݺݳɳȥڱѪҵնݡ
Դ죬ǰֱðǣֱˣԼȻסһ֮
Ҳֺ֪ڽǱһʱᴩ򣬽ڣͲ֪֮ǰЩ﷢ǰ顣
ϲǰѰаˡ
֪ôĺ
ӴУźѪдŭ
һƣûѣѰЩ⣬ţ
˵ʱһƸճȥ
Գ֮ɫһʱѡ˱ܡ
ɱǿµɨ壬ʱɽײ壬һҽУ˳ȥ
ҲڴʱԶһ󷭹߳һȺˣΪ׵ͷϽڡһɫͫؼɫתһƵâ¡
ȻǷ٣
һڴǧһ򡢾ɽž۰ԽƺŵĴ
·ˣӢΰ䣬ͶϣţҲǷϣ˫ǡ
ڷ࣬ˣģǱĺʱӽһɫ׷׽Ŀ⿴Ѱ
ȿԴ黹Ҫɱˣ
ҵɽӣҧгݿڣ˵Ļǵһҡ
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֮ǰ֮ûɱӣҲǲǰУһǿʶһֱڹעƬء
òѰ֪ȻǷɡ
ҲΪΣѰûºֵԭ򣬾뿴һԷܲڰ͵ʲôʱ



2455 ͼ
һҪ˵ʲô
ͼٻֵ˵Ĳ֮ǰҶһһ۵ף˵ˡ
Ǻ죬Ϊȡ
ӣս㣬ð򣬵Ͼҵˣ¸˶ϣ
ӶѰӰΰһּرİơ
һ֣ǷǳǿܼĿ
ΣѰȻݡ
֮۸ߵ͡ϣɡ
վǲҪ֡Ѱͷɡ
ҡͷˣֻҪܹˣ֮ǰ֮£ұ̡
Ѱüѿߵˣȷһ۾ɱȡ
ž棬۴ۡ
ղűĺӣҲһشۣ
ʲôм̣
ѰЦ˭˭ø磬ҲֱԣȷҪô
һ÷ٽסЦɫͫתſɲâ˵ǽ
ǰɡ
һ۳෢վᣬǻףʲôв֪
ѰɨһۣͽĿ¿٣磬Ҳһϣ
Ǻǣȹһ˵ɣΪûлˡ
һӰݣĻߵȻڣǴų
˵ţߡ۳෢ӡѰĺӡԼһʼһﲻŮӣ߳
ǷվķѭһبŲķ⣬ʵĪ⣬Ǽ֮
ҲǴʱѰܵһ˿˿ΣյϢ
˵ĵУÿһ١
ɵһʱȴγһصƣ˴Ϣںϳһ壡
Ȼ䣬ѰҲܵһѹ
ϻ󣿡
ѰԺиһ²⡣
ӣˣ֮ǰѰĺ𺡣
ѰͻȻˣĹƾһŲƣɱǺӡ
ž
һƣ˸ʵʵѰܹƬɽɷɻҡ
ȻֻǺɶȥѪܣձöѣδܵص˺
Ѱüע⵽ԼһƵδڣͱһɹںͻ⡣
Ҫɱ㣡
ò֮ǰʱͱѰ飬ʱǱ档
䣡
붯Է⣬һƬҝĴŰÿһ˶ɣ塣
һ̣˵ϢС糹һ𣬿Թڣ
Ǻӵƣһʱͻָ
ˣӰһ뿪ƬԶԶսɫͫ˸Żɬµķš
ɲǿѰмԲսĿģͼһѰĴ衣
ն
Уһ֣޾ӿ֣أһ쵵磬նѰ
ͼ𡭡
Ѱһݣһֹķ˸ƿһ󱦣γһֲϱ仯ĴĪ⡣
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䣡
˼ʱѰҲѳ֣߶Ԩһ죬ƥƶС
ȻսѰȴ֣ܶԷĹƱԼһһ߽⣬ԼɱͬԷȫĥ𣬲Եúɣ
۲죬ѰԼˡ
֮󣬳֮ƣתᲢ֮˴ѭһԪʼϢ
ĹԻڵһʱ䱻ִѭ֮һһֿһ𻯽ͳܡ
һÿܵĹֻѰķ֮һ
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ǵսܣκһϢһƬɽ룬ֲޱߣ

޲Ѫѹشɫɷס
Զ޷



2456 Խ
һԸˣ޾ٺ㲻ҲᵱҪѰ飬ͼѰΪá
ԭѾΪ߹ѰǱܣɵĿѰƺȴԾһ¡
ھ۵;ϣѰֻص۾Ϊһս֮죬ȴвΪߵľ۴ڣ
Եúܲ˼顣
֪ǧεȺ嫣棬ÿĵ۾٣ɻһҲһӴĿ
һ۾ͬ۴ۼ֮Ʒëǡ
ڴǧ磬ҲֻǰʮĶǿλУܹ۴۳û
λ棬Ҳо۴ۣ۵;ѱϣ
÷ٸе˼ľڣѰԵǿչŵû͵㣬ܾòо۵۾û
µǣѰ֮۵;ޱ֮죬ھ۲εУƿֲ
룬֮ǰٸ޷һصĴۣӵˡ
⼸ˢ֪
һϣвΪ֪Ĵܣһжϡ
䣡
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ȻȫֿͻɱѰϺѹƣǳԾ˿ͷαϢңڿѪ
䣡
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ۣۣ
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ͷϽڣ䳬뵣ӿؼ䣬Ϭɫâ
䣡
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䣡
ǰͻȻһɣɽبǺŴأ貶Ŀ
һɷǰɱǵأһи
ǷɱֶΣҲǡ۰Խƺŵ
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䣬ٻغѹ
Ѱսߣ֮٣پǿƶԿʵѵõǿڡ
ѰҲɱ˻־ڣսȼݻսʥǿսǿԱƱ
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ǺӵˣԶԶܿĿѣ𵴣޷ƽ
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䣡
һοӰԸԵȥľ롣
ѰڣأԨ⣬ӳĵبħ񣬰졣
棬ͷϽڣӰΰһڵǰתɱ֮
ɫâӿȻˣΪֹȻϲļͽ㱣ܼգ´ټپʤ
ϣ
ſһ̣ǰʧڡ
˵գתȥɫû֪ʲô
ӵ˶סһͷˮԡ
Ϊս˿̣ٲδ¶ܼһвɱﵲá
ڣȴսˣ
Ѱͫ䣬ɨܣԼʲôҲԨ뿪
ԶȻٵڿջʱ˵Ļɲ䣬ֻҪѡ׷ߣұ֤ڵھ
ѰüȻʶ˺˷İţ˽⵽Ѱٵգ
´ҲһᡣѰ
ʲô᣿
Զתʡ
ҵĻᡣѰڵ
һЦգҡȥ
һæȥ
һ˸뿪һ̾ؼ
Ծص۾֮ȴܺ;۰ص۾ķƽɫ˭ţϾˣ
ԶУֳһ޴Ƥ«һϣò㣬ͦΣɿ



2457 ռС԰
ǧУȷѼȽɫУǿҳһЩ
ֵͬʱһ峺Ҳ֮
ͼһƬɫƮҷһ̳ɵ磬һԼӰϡ
ǣԡɫУƻãٳ
󣬸һԽбսһһϣɢ˵ɱΪƽһ֮
С԰Լǡ
Цֹ֮䣬ŮΪء
ѰҲڷӦŮ˭ˡ
С԰
۰صۣš൶ۡ񣬲ǧ꣬ǿϹŶԲλ࣬ѹȵϱﶼ̧ͷ
塯츳֮죬ڸȺףųǧռ۵飡
һС԰ͬԴǧһ򣬲ҳغͳȻ
ĸףһĲ壬֮
һμĵ۾УС԰Ĵڣ˲֪ٵĿۡ
ڷҡռС԰
Ůϣһִɫʡ
ţѰڵλ˿̳֣ܸòĵİɣ
֮ǰںͷսʱС԰ѳ֣ڰйս
ҲǷٻͻȻ֣սԭ
Ȼġ
Ƥ«ϣЦô˵ɣڵھŲУһ׮ޱȵʱлĻҺС԰ӽϣܹǣһж
ԱߣС԰ͷ峺һգҲ̲Ĵ컯ŵʱǵԷ׻ıȡ컯
Ѱһû뵽Ϊ˶
ðһ䣬ΪңǷ٣Ѱ
Ц⣬ţֻ˵ǲһ·ˣעܺġ
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ҼҪھ뿪֮ء
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һ仰С԰Ŀһ˴˶ӣѰĴǺεȡ΢ˡ
ȻԺлִǵھŲأǲλһжֻڣҪ뿪ˡ
Ѱ˵գͳԶȥ
һȻüٺֶδ̫ݶ
޺˷æɿٲľУ
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2461 
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Ľȭīս֮Բ˼ٶȴüĴ룬ӺԴһѪ
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2465 ֱָ
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2466 
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2467 ߸֪һս
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˲ΪȻٻԻΣܱ紵ȥǿչŵڴǧսеĵλҪסǰһٵˡ
Ůҡͷ̫ˣ˵ҲգЩ¡ȷǹˡ
͸һ˿п
ѰЩˣŮƺ֪йǿչŵͺټˡ
ţ
ڴʱѰͫ΢Уоһɴ̹ǵĺ⣬ӸȻ֣Ļɬ
ɱֱ֮ױȡ


2472 ɱʩ
˪
ѰһӦǣǸһֱֵĿ紫̿͡
Ѱͷˡ
ΪһɲһðӰͻȻһֱӳԼߵŮӴ
ǽޱ֮죬Ϣضռ䡣
ǣһƬͬ㣬˽ԻȻͬ⡣
ΨѰŮӣǵһʱ;л͵һ
ΪǴ̿ͣǸ֣ȿĴ̿ͺ׶Ҫ£һɱ֮һ㣬һأ֮ͬ
Уע޿ɱܣ
ȴɱֱ֮Ƕ֮컯ɱһһַ˼ĵز
ɱ֮ˣضҪ
Σޱȵʱ̣ͼŮҲƲˣ͵ؽƿ赲ǰ
飡
ȻȷӦһ˿ǽҲƥ£˲ͽȻ飬촷ۡ
һƲֱ
飡
Ůϵķ׷˺ѣɫ䣬ͬʱϵķҲȫըһ»𣬸ֵסƵķâ
һϵжԷ˲Ϣ֮䣡
ǳ֮ˣǰδе׺ݣԶԶ˿̿ͺס
ѰһĽ֮С
һҪŮԼ丽Ƭضĥ
䣡
һƿŮȫеķۼҪɱŮӵ塣
Ҫͷ
һָϬ֣˽棬һ

ĺ𣬿ָһȴʮص£һƴɱ⣬ȫɢ˺ѶĤľ
֮ˣȻѰ
ǧһͷ֮ʣһʱ䵲סһͬʱӲĳס˽ӿľһɱ⡣
ʵϣҲò֣Ϊһܣѽ֮ظǣŮܷסһѰҲؽܵ
¡
䵲סһһɱͿɲȴӿ壬Ե˲Ϣ֮䣬ͷ·ҪڵѨϡͬ۽綼˺ٵ
Ѱһ˫䣬һͬԨ͵תǹɾɱһһĥ߽⣬Ĩһա
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Ǵ̿ƺǳһû뵽ԼľɱһȻ˵ֵסͷųǿѹͻ⡣
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̿ͷӦϾǾ֣һɱɣͻȻսΪһӰӣԶȥ
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Ѱɵ̿ߣվһץ
䣡
һֻ֣ƿնҹ֮ĻգǬ˼
ضʱݣЩʿ޵ǣһ̶ˣ޲ɫһ䡣
ÿֲ

ѰľƣۼҪǴ̿͸ǣ͵ӰһнݺᣬɲǼɱٴΣÿһޱߣɱۡ
ɲǼ䣬Ѱһƾǧٿף˺ѿ
ô˻ᣬ̿͵ӰһԶȥ
ϧҪݣóʩչСѰȻЩԥˡ
ԥ˲䣬һӻڴϣߣ
ɫ׵磬һԡڹ׵еΰӰ˰У֮ʢøЩʿ޵ߺһϣкȻеޱȵѹ֡
Ǵ̿ѾӵüңԶɴʱȴһһ
Ϊһɫ׵ĵ棬նŲƵУͷųĻܣӰֱ˳
ԡеΰӰѱɱ
¡
һѤöĿķΰӰԾƬض˺ˣ仯һͼ˫ֽ֯ΪָӶ֮ձ

Ǵֻ̿һУͱɫ׵縲ǣ嶼ը
һ֮棡
Ѱһݣֵ֪ˣһĵ棬ƿһĴ򣬲ƺܡ
ϵƣȺ˷ҪǿʢһЩ
Ȼû°ɣʱһߴӢ꣬ѴҴŮߣһػ
û¡Ů峺׵İϣ񾲺ƽ
⧲֮ܵһɱƲδ̫Ծ
ֻǣĹػʱײīüЩִ
¡
һλһ֮淵أƮȻȫ
ܵɫ׵Ϊһϵӣ߹ڹŷϹŰ㣬̬Ρ֮ɽͫؼ䣬˸ſԷһеԵ
ǵƣ
ˣǳŸִһʿ䣬˿̽ɫһ࣬
޵Ҳ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǧӣ
ǧӵ棬Բϣ򻢾ǣѾ˵澳֮۷壬ʱпͻƽߵĲΣ
ѰҲϳԷǰ·ϣѰ˵
ϣġᡢأĴ֮һȫٺڵļҺͺ˷ڵĺҡ
һоͻɱ˴̿ͣʵ
Ǵ̿Ͳ֪ʲô·
λӣҲһɫǧһ֮ʣȻֵסɱ֡һֹɱܣǴ̿Ϳ¾ͱӵˡ
𣬾Ѿƽ޵߱ԶǸоԪ
ȻС㡣
ȴǧӵһʱߵŮǰһ˿Ǹ⣬Ҳûпȫû뵽֮⣬д̿͸ףܾˡ
Ϊһ֮棬ȴŮΪأѰЩ⡣
û£Ҳλּʱ
Ů˵ţĿ⿴ѰзһĨͣлˡ
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ѰҡͷǡᣬҲΪԱڱ𣬻˰ɡ
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ǧӲһ࿴Ѱһۡ
ڴʱ֮ǰҴҸ꣬˿̵ȻлıлҪЦҲ˵ɣҪʲôֻҪܰ쵽ģͳͳ㡣
˵ǱԴǼȴ͸һʩζ
ӸǵУѰ֪Ҳ֮ˣ裬һλ۴ۣڻм
ǧӣ塣
Ѱ𸴣Ůü͸䵭裬˵ģ
ЦȻⲻҲǴȥлλ𣿡
ԱߵǧˬЦȻС㣬Ҳһǻ⣬ֻԴЩǷ׵ǧˡ
λˣ£ҪԱ𡣡
Ů͸ŲãǶԴǧӣҲǲٴɫ
ˣǧЦǺǵģȻŭ֮ɫһҲеŮ
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ŮѰѱ
ȻѰ֮ǰĳ֣Ƿĵĸм
һĻȴɨѰһۣ͸ľζ
ֻҪѰҴӦ͵ڷ²ˡ֮㡣



2473 
ѰüĻῴһЩ
˵ӦŮӵ룬ػ裬ǧλĵ⡣
Ѱ޾Щһ鷳С
ԣҲû룬;ܾˣлͲˣһнҪҪǡ
˵գֱȥ
ɴ䣬ֱӣõŮӡǧӡһ
ŮӸҪʱѰӰʧڳУüзһ˿Ȼ
ЩԼˣĸȿֺڣȻеһЩ֮ԼʱҲ֣мӡ
һ
Ƶģ
ǣһﵹʶȤ֪ԼԴǧ磬ܲҵȵʢ鱨𡣡
ЦѰѡ뿪⡣
ŤͷŮӣЦݲãȻ㲻˵ʶʶеġ㡯Ѿ޵ˣһһһͻڳڣһȥưɣ
ǧҲһຬЦһȷ֮һһγȻԲϣʵѵãʱȻϲ߱ǡ
ŮҡͷվһɱȥϢˣˣǰһǴ̿͵
˵գֱȥʼգûٿһۡ
Ҫ׷ȥͱǧסûȻС鲢ã˵̫ˣĵִų⡣
ɫһ粻壬ӦһѵĻᣬȻ뿪˳ǣ֪жŶӵȥ׷أʱ䱦ܲץ
ǧЦұ޵޾ɱ޾֮ĥѣΨ֮һ֣΢Ī⣬֮ʱҲһֵܡ
˶٣˵ȻСһӱޱȵŮӣĳ֮߹Ҳ֪ķġ²һʱ֮ܰ쵽
̲ס̾һ壬Ҹô
ǧӴЦһɴû飬ҿϵŮӣĸǹԹԵͶͱ
ۼɫѿǧӶʱֹסЦ䲻֪ȥȻСķģȴ֪ĵģǴ̿͵ճȻСߣȥһ̿͵յ벻Ч
һͷԴƣ
סҪȥȻСλ˵鷳ֻõӡ󡣡
ǧ룬һ£ȥ˽ύһʲôͶãݣƲϴˣȻС֪£Ҳۿ
üһ˵ĶԣΪȻʲô
ǧӾʲô룬ǣ绯꣬һɿٻִų⣿
é٣Ȼ֮У̾Ϲνϵ˳ϲҡ

һǣĿȫ۴αȵĹϽо¥¥ҩ̣ҩ̡̣ǹã¥ˮ
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һʱ֮䣬ѰҲ⣬֮ǰЩĪ֮أǳеķܹ˷ʱʱ̿̽
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һֺľ¥ſڣһͷСɽĽɫǣѱĿƶǣڱ˳ƤȡѪ
һʥĸ⣬ֻҪһǧһԴȫǴʥޣһ֮࣬ǵĸȡͬĿˣĺ䣬ζһ
ߺڶﶵ۵Ķ缸ѼѰ۽硣
һ·й䣬;߽һЩ䱦¥Уֱʱ󣬳еЩģ̣Աһ顣
ʼ뿪ֱִﻢǵһ·սҲѼ౦
ЩɲóĶͳͳµĻ۵һļǮܼһԴ
գΪ򵽳۵İ˿ŻȪ飬һһӻȥš
ֻǮٶȣѰһۡ
û취Ȫֱ۸ֱ̫ˣǴССмֻа˿Ŷѡ
ȸ⻢ǵʲôһջУѰԤһڶռеľҡ
˳ܼ򵥣Ϊɼһ̺۽ʯɣһƷϽ׵۱ϣھ˳֮һżУѼ
ȸ˼ȿʯֲɢҪѼһҪķѲʱ䡣
ѰŶһ𣿡
ȸǺѣ˽֪ͨϣ۸Ҳעޱס
Ѱ룬ɣղ룬ȥѼҲ١
ˣϳŮӵݣѰʡ
ȸȻһЦ磬˭֪ܲȻ
У͸һ˿˵ζ
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㹻Σյĵơ
֮Գ֣Ҳ޷ΪԱˣϾһܳױŶȻҲؽܵǣۡ
׾ͺáȸ˵Ǵ̿ͣղǧӳ֣˺˴Ů֮ܶݺ⣬ֻҪסҪߵ̫ͺãвֽ֪ɫƴ
ʲôѰüȸԽô˵ԽЩˡ
ȸ͵Լ̽һ²֪ˣֻܸ㣬Ů˱ļ壬ҼСڵļ֮䣬һֱһ־ͶԿĹϵ㶮˰ɣ
ѰŶһ
ȸûãʡ˷ѿࡣ
Խ̸Ȼ䣬ҵһöĶ֮
ǽ۵ͭ壬á
Ѱһ򿪽ƣһˬȳڷ
裬ðǰţֿڣ
ѰһôˣѵԼвһԼȥӴǶȻɣ
˼ʱѰѴ򿪷ţһϮۣߴӢ衣
һ¶֮ɫѰڣѱȭ񣬵֮ǰڳʱԴ֮䣬вĪҪ֡
Ѱʱ⣬㡭òΪ˵Ǹɣ
ɫϿңһΪ˵ǸҲǰμһϯ
ϯѰ⡣
һЦԣһֻұϯһ˿ɸʸμӡ
²ȸ͸¶һ㣬ʱ򣬽һϯϽҿ


2474 ʶ
Ѱؿһۡ
μʱһ̬߸ϣʮ㡣
ڣ̬ȴһŤתȳÿͣѰҲֱֹʲô
֣֪϶Ĵ٣һҪţʵǰǸ
æ
Ѱ룬ȻЦЦΪ׷Ȼ
費ⰵһһöĶ
Ȼס֡
¶ɬЦݣʵȻã㵹һһǣһϣνң֮ǰڳʱ˶ð˵֡
˶٣ǰҲ뻻ȡֵ½⣬ϾȻľˣ֪ҵĸҲҵӡĹ۰ɣ
˵иж̾ѡ
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Ц˵ν࣬ҿ°ﲻʲôæһҪѼ̺۽ʯΪͨ׼
˵꣬һӴֻ֣ҪԸһȥμϯ֮ʲô
˵ţһóݸѰ֣ܹͨͨš
Ѱݣ⡭ô˼
ЦһƶѣȨҵһˡɷ˵ؾͽѰ
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ѰᣬλһǻϣֹͨƣȥμϯһжΪ˱Ǹ⣬Ҳܳ
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һУһε߳Ȼֻڴ裬ޡ
ȻŤͷֱ裬ʲôһҿɵ㣬õҵˣһⶼ鷳
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Ļ᲻磬֪жپɾ֮׷ȻΪӰĴڣǹ°ӵߡ
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ܲף
ŶȻ뿪ٻӰ𲻶Σһ˭Ҳ˳һף˭Ƕõģ

ҹɫī

ŵƽʣͨ
룬һ޴̺ɫ걻ֵط
պ֣Ϊ˺ܶ۴ۣҪڴ˾ۻᡣ
ˮ̴̣öƮ죬Ź
ڱ̺һСɽʣͬһһſգںߡ
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Ѱڱ̺һ࣬ĹˣҲͷȷһѵõķˮأ뵣ڡ
ԶһɫͤУںһھ۴۽̸ѾԻ
Щ۴ۣŮ̬Ƿÿ˽Լƺͷ緶䲻ס
󶼺ѰһԴǧĲͬλС
ȻȲЩҲֹ˿֮ɫ
Ǿ۴۵ĵԶһ۾ɱȡ
֣ΪЩͬ
ȻЦȳкѰ
Ѱ־ۻЩų⣬ǰҪĿģҲ뿴һνġʲô
ѱͨ񵥣Ѱֻٴϸ򡰽һݡ
λλǽһѣشۣսޱ˵ãڳ⣬ʱ֣ŰȻС㻯һΣա
ЦŽܡ
Щ۴ĿԿѰ׷׺Цͷʾ⡣
ѰҲһһ
£˵ˣĳͽΪλһ£ڣҵȥӭһλޱȵĿˡ
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˵ţתȥ
ѰãҲûȤʶͽύʲôˡ
ˣҲ׷״˺̸ͷ˴˶Ǿ۴ۣ˭ûһǣ
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ûãԶȻһ궯
ͼһϮۣӰ޳ŮװĶȻԶѩ貵ĵƻӳ£ƵĹ
ȣ翣һϮװȴһֶصѺ׿Ⱥ
ѰһŮ˲ΪųôôҲˣ
ѵޱĿˣ
Ѱ˼ʱͤŵһھ۴۽Ѿ̸ֹͣǵһʱӭÿɫԴ֮ɫ
ȻҲ桢Ľޡȵȵɫ


2475 
ԭգһ̱þһϮ۴һͶеĹй߶㼯ϣ
Ҳλ֮ľŮۣʺϣԿμ⡣
ɴʱԶĶȻʱҲо֮Уһ֮Ůװȴ绪ױȡ
һ̣ԭǵѰҲɲ죬ԵԼڲͬ
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һ࣬ಽͬţΪȻ·
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֪ǧսĪ⣬ֲսҲ಻Ϊ֪ĻԵزء
͡սйص컯ܹԡݣ֪Ǻεȷͬ죡
λĪҪ̫磬뵽սУҪܹڽսһأ̭ǿߡ
ѵʸȥҲֲܵľ֪Уǿƥľ׼
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Ѱһ̾ȸȻ˵ĲŮ˾Ǹ鷳˭մ˭ͷ
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һʱ䣬һֱڳǧҲƾճ֣ɫ⡣
ֻǣսʱϵ֮ɫʱЩš
ˢһһҽչս£γһ磬ն¡
󣬴ս߳Ӱһʥ޹ɫ֣ٳ
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룡ͤ¥УһоƱϢرɷĩ
룡
߳Ŀһ۴е
˵룿ǵƼֱȴ˵л£ͬһŴս£Ⱥۣ
Աߣһˣһƻţֻ¶ģһ˫۾ͬհ貣ؼ䣬졣
ףأˣ޷Ӷ
˻֪ףǲףϵһѡ֮ӣųףһľۣ¸
֮룬Ҳѷɫ
˳սĿȻң
мž
ЩԴǧľ۴۾ɲѰܵΪͲ֪ͻأʲôݡ
֪Ҳ̸ʲôӰ졣
Ѱע⵽ߵĶȻ̾һü䷺һ˿ײᷳ
û뵽λСѾڴ˿̼٣Ϸ⡣ʱǧЦӭȥ
Ȼ롢ףصݽԷǱѰλһ֮Ҳӭӡ
ҶͻأǰЩðʧˣǰĪֱǡ
Цſڣư֮ɫǫѷĻ
ףֻ˵ͷͽĿ⿴ͤеĶȻ
һӣǵĮɫʧӸֺЦݣֱ˹ȥ
ȻС㣬Ȼ
ףֱӾͽͤˣҲУȻߡ
ԶһĻǧӣвײһĨ⣬һ̾棬Ѹܹƿˡ
֮Ҳȥѹͻأˡ
һ̣ȴûסףأ˽ᣬ㲻úʧ񣿡
ף͵ЦôĪǴ㽫Һߣ
͸Ƶζ
Ҫ˵ʲôͱǧȵǿͣûôིСѿ
ǰԼǣ͵ģɲµġʱҲЦ߽ͤӡ
ɫˡ


2476 
ֻǼ佻̸ףϵİԵ֮ȴѹȵ˽ձ
뿴Цģɾֹ֮ƣҲͬ˸еѹ֡
ǿһ֮ǧӶײҵˣ
İ̾ǵȵطδҲ̫£趼˾η
ڣȴλǿĽɫǶУ
ճơ
ȻüƳףһۣҵĵ̣㲻̫ˣ
˵ףһȥˡ
ԶȻȴЦݲõصͷȻѵĶԣ͸
˵ţܵر˱ȭۣղЩʧˡ
ߣԱ
ףȴ⣬ɨһ۶ȻϯֽĿ⿴ѰЦ¶һѩݣλѣø£
٬ȥֱӶԵ
һʱĿⶼѰ
͵һӣףأδ̫ѣƾʲôҪ
ףȴ裬ĿֻѰнһĨ⣬ӣ
Ѱһֱ뵱ˣɴʱԸ޷ˣвһ̾Ȼ
ȻǸ鷳
һϯѣΪһ𣬾֣֮˭˵ȥ
ѰƢãɹһ޼ɣɱϵĻʱ
ԹԵؾƱһԼģǱ˸ģ㣬֪˵֮ӭɾ㣬ҲҪ⣬ƽ
һϯЩ۴жһ㲻Լ䡣
趼һоѰ˻ʹޱȣעףأ
ǧŹ֣Ĭ
ɲΪһˣͲϵ顣
벻¶֮ɫ࿴Ѱһۡ
ףһһɱ¶նͣɱ֮ʵʰ㣬ѹѰ
ȻȻҶ֣ɱҷ顣
ٿɫ˪
ףһ㵵ȻʲôˣΪҪά
λһ֣ȻľˣȴҪвȽǴȻѿ
Цץסʱ̳
ۼȻδϣףɫһ粻ҧ֮ǰ̬Ȳԣɴȴǰңܾˡ
㻹Ȼü
Ǹ
ףغԥֻҪͷϴҿԼ̣Ҳֻܽ̽ˣ
λָղŵĻȷ̫ˡԶ뵭Ȼڡ
ǧʱЦŶѰһ׮С¶ѣСѲһףعӵһǸɷֵôҶˣ˵Բԣ
ڴԲ
ȴѰ˼ܣ
ڴǧսߵڣɱļٺ㣬ɱһ֮˷¹˭
һ֪ðĶҲδҲ̫
Ѱȷ鷳鷳ʱҲʹԼˡ
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¶֮ɫֻҲ̾˭֪̬ûлˡ
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ǧЦЦٶԡ
üѰζĹ
ͬһʱ䣬ȻѰҲ翴һﲻˬˣʲô飬Ұ㵣š
͸һ˿ŭ
ѰһɶΪǳ鷳
ᶨϯ󣬾͸Ͻ뿪ǣŮԽԶԽá
㡭Ҫ
ʱףأɱӿ˫Ŀзɲı̹⣬ٿֱѰһԱ񽣣ֱӴɱѰ顣
һĵ۾⿴һۣ¶Ҫˡ
۽ͫ
ǧӴһû뵽ףظһ֣ʩչȹµط
ʲôǱ۽ͫһֲֺ츳Զ飬ľ
ÿ£˵ȹص츳Ĵڡ
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У۽ͫ츳޵֮УŻᵮһֹ츳
ڴǧ磬磬츳߲ټӵе츳Խ£ȡõĵоԽֲ
һЩӵк츳֮ھ۳ɵۺ󣬸ᱬͨ
֮塢̥塢ƷսѪЩ츳ԿƼ亱
ÿһԺ󶼻ΪǱ˲˶Ĵܣһͬ˲֪Ҫǿٱ
۽ͫȺ츳
Ȼһ˿ɫҲû뵽ףһ֣ɲֶΣǴѰ
£ҵǸڣ
ףرȣĿԽԽа죬̹䣬񽣣ֱӶѰȥƺҪѰ顣
ȻҪ˵ʲôЦȻģףзִ磬ϲλѳ֮Σġ
ûʱͻȻأѰ³һ֣

Х֮ϵ񷢳
춯أѰΪģһȦȦⷢɢĿռƬըΪֱӴɱףص۾
һôطѰڷ˲䣬һ֮ѹУһ֣ʵӡżΪֲɱء
ǣ˶УѰƵᣬףضУֱը졣
ңףԼҲû뵽Լ츳Ϯ£Ѱз֮ʱܵɲĳ
飡飡
ͼףص˫֮أ͵ر飬ѪըŽѪˮÿжһɲҵζѪȡ

ףطɱĲҽУȫڲ˫۾ţ
ҵ۾ҵ۾
˻ʱתͼ޸۾ƾŬҲҲ۲ˡ
һ£˶Ѱһ֣ǽףص츳ˣ
ʵϣѰ³ڣ̺һУǵ澳ڣ⧲֮£ҲҪˣ˵ףˡ
۽ֵܹͫľѰֺУ
һӾʹףһֲ
ľҾͷ츳һһܹƽ
ѰɫȻԴ⣬ҲһѵԺҪӵˣը
ȫš
ֻѰڻص
˶ˣǧȵ档
һѣ˱۽ͫ
ǿ
ֲǿӲԭ޿ְ
ֱӷ˼ҵ츳䱳϶ưոݣ
ݣ
Ǿ۴ۣʣǣ¸Ͳô˼С
ʶǲŻᱻѰķͷƤһ飬ʧɫ
Ҳǲ粻ʶѰ㣬ȫˢ֪
鲻Խ뵽ڳʱԼðһҲᱻ
輤˸ȥ


2477 ɱ ڲ
ǧӵ
ŷ֣һΪֻһ˹ʺˣ˶Ȼһεˡ
ڿһǸˣ
ȻȴԵЩֻ۾ըѪҽеףأд֣ǰڳϣҪƴЦˡ
۾ըˡ
˼
ৣ
ڵһʱ䣬ӳ̧һģʱâ˸Ȼޱȵĳɫӿףڡ
ȻȡһƤ«еɢʥĽҺףص۾֮Уһĵ뵣·ۣףص۾ָֻǰģ
ֻǣȴɫһףصϣ츳ȴ׷ˣ
͵Ѱ˹䣬벻ĺݣֻǽֶѣʩչпֶΣϵףصı۽ͫ츳ֱﲻˡ
Ҫɱ
ףŭĶڵѪɫŤ£츳٣شĵ;ԺʱܵӰ졣
˵ţͷſֲܣһƳѰȥ
֮䣬һƬڣһֻϢĴ֣ħӰӿֲ
һƬڰħ罵٣
ħӡףһһ֮£׽ޱߵĺڰħ֮Уãܣɫ䡣
ȴѰҲͬҲһĳ
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¡
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˸ԶԶܿ
ײУͼףӰһȫĻɢһжһתĸоһսǴûǿϢѹȡ
ⲻܣһԴǧĽɫӵǿ
ףɫ䣬˻һ˫ƱóӰǴħӡǧһڰ׽٣أҡĽƷ
ѰһţŨܵĵڸ֮£һɹɵ𣬱ըŷ
һƣ̫ɽ˼䣬ֳݣ±飬Ŀֲƣ
ףصһйҲǱ׾ٵȫ顣
˾Ϳף˱շѪ硣
ৣ
Ѱ˿Ѵϯƾһףǰֽʺ߬ס
ףȴãɫ
ȫš
ףأһλԲףϵľ۴ۣһޱҫ۵ĸ뢣ȴת˲䣬һ㱻ǯס
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Ѱչֳս֮£Ҳľ̫ˣҲ̫ǿᣬ֮䣬ѹһ۴ۣȫϡ
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Ѱɱһұɱ㣬ڿ㲻á
ס֣
ǵһʱ䣬ǧӺһ֡
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һڻȼķ󣬷ޱߣȻһޱȿµĵ۱
ֱѰĺף
˭ѰɱףأػͬʱܵĴ
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춯صײУǻȼķ󱻵סͬһʱ̣巢⣬ӲסǧӵĿơ
¡
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˶סˡ
û뵽Ѱв⣬Եúܲ˼顣
ǣǧȵڵѹӲ˾õɴ۾š
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ѰıȻͱ߬סףأ˲ըֻʣһԪ񣬿סѰ
֮ӡ
ͷ桢ٺһǰһɲףض˽֮ӡ
ѰԴ˲֣ϰߣֱӾͽԪźۼսԨڡ
׵תףصԪֱը飬ĥһգ׵ɵ
㡪ŭɫ£ֱ
û뵽Ѱ֮ݣͲв޼ɵ˵ɱɱ

ǧ뷢ŭţɫҲÿ¡
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ʱԶһڲμϯľ۴۶ɵۣ塣
ףأ
ǿһλԲĴڣǲĵжߣݣκԴǧĴۣȥð
ڣһֹףص츳ֱӳֽУǧӡ붼ûܹס
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ɫɭȻ£ôܶôصĺңҲؽΪ³еΣ
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ˡ
ڴʱȻڣӨ͸ʯƵӱ䣬ĹϷһѹĵ֮ɫ£ףдȣȻˣҲǾȡۻʲôףһұǣ
һƽ
˶¶֮ɫ
ףˣؽףһŭ˭óеǧҲϲǰܻ
ڣȻҪһгеԼϣ
ΨǧпϲظһɣжȻеΣҾٲصˡ
ȻЩףضǸ࣬ڣΪһˣȴףصԲ⣿
͸ޱ߷ŭ벻ףȻǰӱŮӣΪλ޴ľ
˵ˣǾȡֿҵľˣҵļ֪ҵľҲϲҡ
Ȼ䣬Ƴһۣ㣬ǰҹ˼㱳棬Ը̫ѿڣ㾹Ҷҵָֻţ㹻ʸ𣿡
һ涼Ҳסˣɫ粻ŭ۾죬˵ǱȻⷬش˶ˡ
˶ĲţȻάǽһǲٸκˣ
Ц
ףˣˬ
Ҳѵʹˬ
ΨһˬģǣȻά֮ˣԼ
һ룬ȻЩ˲ˡ
ȴɫѽƽ
ȻҸղŵľٶˣҿԵǸ֮£ֻ˵һעѣ


2478 Ŵ
˵ա
ȥ
ʵϣҲûٴȥ
ףصҲܵĪ̼Ȼ̬ȣ߷߽ӣܳش
ۼȥǧӣ֮̾£޷ʹ˰
ǰʱ㲻ӦϲЦտ𣿡
ȻȻϾѾصǣˡ
ǧһЩΣףϺϣԷҿԿҲֻȻС㣬е޾ǡ
˵ЩȻģʲôԶվߡֿ
˵ţĿѰ֣Ҳ̫ѹȻȻˣףһԸ㣬ҲõȻĺ
ѰŶһлֽյʢдȸһ
˵ա
ֱȥ
֣Һһߡ
Ȼ˵ţҲ׷ȥ
ٻӰ׷ѰȥһҲҪ׷ȥ
շôص飬ǲҪȥȻСˡǧӽ
賤һ̾

ˣ
ҹɫīǳ貣ֵĽֵϣˮ
Ȼ׷ѰĽŲ˵ˣǣۡ
ѰͷҲأȻ˵䲻ģ鱾ԵŶԡ
ȻµüЦǹҿ
̸ϣֻҿɲٱЩ˵Ŀˣԡ
˵⣬ѰסŲĿ⿴ȻӽԺϣҸţ߸
תǰС
Ȼ˴û뵽Լǳ棬һеɱףصΡ
ã鲻˵̬Ȼ䵭ٲȻԼΪˮˣ
һ̣׷ȥιͲףһ鷳һߣͲصЩ鷳
һжֻǸ鷳
ۼȻ׷ѰһͷͲ֪Լ鷳ıԴ
ȻߣӣͲҽҴݣ
Ѱüܸ̾ܲңʲôԭǵøҽһ𣿡
ۼѰƣȻˣ˶Ͳʱʱ̿̾ԼߣһﵹãһԼ޲ԼϽʧļơ
ˮһתЦٻ⣬û취˭ҵľأ
Ѱʱ죬ҴǰУѿʼ㣬øϽ뿪⻢ǣ鷳ԶԶġ
ȻһֱţɫգƸ֪ԼѰе鷳
ֱִջſڣȻֹȻЦշ飬ҲԸȻˣҵƢͱԣϲֵ֮ģס˵
˵գתȥ
±Ѱһ·ų⣬˴ʱҲȻκһ˿Ĳá
߽ջеѰȸ˵Ļˡ
նµŮˣȷմ
һմͳӣ
ôնµĺѲɣУȸֻ
ѰգʵܷҽһЩ飿
ֲʲôܣҲ֪
ȸ˵ţ٩٩̸
缫佮˾죬ֱŴ
ÿһ򣬽Կһǿλ棬Ų֪ٵ۵ռؾء
УִƵؽĲ壬ֲڵһڡ
ִĲ壬ֲڵ
ڰʮϵĲƿأÿһյ򣬽Կϡ
ʮϵ壬ֱʮͷ
ھ죬Ǵ֮̾أֱ硱
ب񣬼ûܹ롰硱ԣǵھ죬ġ㡱ڣ
Ľ򻮷֡
Ҫжһĵжǿ󣬾Ϳ֮̾λһУִʲôλ㹻ˡ
˰ңƿصؽװƷ֮̾أλڵС
ȸ˵ǰ֮ͨͨ컹ڵʱһֱ̾ڵ
лȥֲڵڰеġʮͷа壬Ӻ
ͨʧһжˡ
̶̲ǧʱ䣬ӵеƾͼû䣬Ϊ棬òӵǨ㵽˵
ֱڵеĵλҲ˥࣬Զ޷һЩִƵؽ׾ƷĲ忹⡣
ġءĴ壬һλڵ
϶ԣƿصؽĵУңĴ壬ѿһڡ
޷ƵǶ⡣
Ѱɱףأƿصؽ׾Ʒףһ壬Ƶİ֮һ
뱳ϣҲףϲѶá
ҲΪ衢ǧףءʱԭڡ
Ʋˣ
ô˵ȻӦԵĹˣѰȻʵ
ȸͷУִ̾Ĳ壬Ͼеٮٮߡ
ֲáѰ衢롢ףص˶ԴȻʱֹǰ򵥣һ־ηζ
ɴҲԿִƵؽִȫ֮
һִһֿƵؽƷһ־ϧ㻹̤ϲ;Ļƾ㹻ڵпٳһҵ
ȸŸп˵
Ѱ䲻ʵԪأ֮Σ
ȸȴǣԪҺͶ֮䣬һֱǾ̸֣ǿɱ˴֮˭Ҳ˭У֮ľ͸˵Ĺˡ
˶٣ȸѵҼС㿴صˣҼС֪ͶմϹϵ϶һЩ뷨Ȱ㻹ǸϽǶȻϵߵԽԶԽá
ʲôС㿴صˣڲɽҵ°ܽѰ㷭ۡ
ߣҼСĵûжһЩɱﵣΪ޷սʤ㣿ȸĵ
ѰŶһøֻɪ硣
ɱﵣ
˭ûм
ˣսλѰʡ
ϣ̸ˡս飬ѰʶҪУһ͵ڽս
ǰǧս·ʱѰȸ˵ÿ޵ڽսϵҲӰ쵽λ棬ڴǧе
ڴǧһ򣬵ڶ
Щͺͽսϵйء
սоſ飬ɢڲͬĲСǴϸԪһؽ籮
ȸ˵˱صܹǧսǵĹйͨΨеۺڵ·ӵзǷǿߣܹϣޱ
˶٣ȸ֪ڵھŲУһս
ھŲأѰüëһȻ𵱳ʼʱС԰˵Լ



2479 ʵİ
ǲ֪С԰νһжΪ˺¡Ѱ
ˣսԼ䲻Ѱھ۴еٮٮߡ
С԰ĶɬصϢѰҲС
˶ԼһУɼͼı֮£ǷͬСˡ
Ѱҡҡͷٶ롣
²ֻǵڶأִھŲʱ֪ҪķѶ೤ʱ䡣
Ѱ̽һһյɫ߲ĹžͭƸֶ
ǵʼھѰٵõıȻĥʴһգȴ̺Ųʡ
ıڵھʱѰѼʮ
Щ㡣
ѰóЩһ룬ݸȸ
ңȸһЩ⧲㡭ã
Ѱû㲻Ҫ
ɵӲŲҪ
ȸ˵ţĴͷųһƬ⣬ͽЩ̵˵һҲ̫ˣôͻȻͱô󷽣Īķˣ
ȻСΪָ;æһЩ͵ҵһЩˡ
Ѱ˵ţͽһͭƬͶԨ
꣡
ͭƬ̲ʣһ׹ԨȻը飬һƾӨ͸ɫ
ֻʣһ緢˿ĻɫͷųĲϢ
ֻһƣ˵ĸоȴɽΡأ磬ƿѹ
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֪ǵڲԴеĿϣֵޱȱ
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һԣľŴУԴҲټҲõòԵˡ
ãƲˣҲ֮
һĲܻΪһ磬á硱֮
ʵϣƷܣԡ֡
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ͼһƲһڻϼȡһ绶
Ѱע⵽Ԩʵһ˿ϸ΢ı仯Ƶõһ̥ǵ
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ѰԽѹĺ𣬳ɫս˿˿ƹѵĺۼƿҪ֧飡
Ѱ֣иֳһĨ𺳡
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Ѱ岻ײһͷ綷



2480 仨
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2482 ƽս
ףһһأԭѰ˭ǿչŵеĺݽɫ𣿡
貢δע⵽Щ쳣ɸֵܵĽһͨѰ
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ŮĮ׿Ȼҫ۵һ顣һף츳ľˡ
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һʱ䣬ͫУֳѪ٣ݡڵ䡢һĻĻ
ֲޱߣ


2483 г̫
зһƺߡ
ǸֲֳѪȻӣȻð
ǣǷɽˣһС˱𣿡
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СµġδΪͨĪпһȻԤδ
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ѵĴѪȴȻƵġ

ڽǧսĵꡣ
Ѱնյ;˵ھ֮⣡
ڰŵУһ޴ۻĹϳǳ̫Уɢԡ
ڴ˳ǸԶһɫҹĻĻ䣬بǣΪһǵı
վһϿ
ԶĺɫҹĻУֳһЩģɽ
пֲӰ֣µХ𶯲ã棡
ǺɫҹĻԵúܲ򵥣һ׶֮ء
ǵھŲء
еĺƴ޳ǣ̫ҡ
֮ǰİȫһ̫ҳǼ嫣ޱ׳ۣƬ㣬ʥ貣ԡС
ڵˡ
Ѱһ
ڸھŲص·ϣ˴ССʮѪս
һΣ;һϸԪӴĲƹʱΪһֵܵͭսꪣڶȡʱȴ⵽Ĵ
ͭս꪿Ƹ಻ȴ¶ֲޱߵܣһأǿһͿ
Ѱ֮ս죬üζ㱻ɱջƾͨһ˹ͭսꪳѹ
ϧڱѹһ̣ͭսꪾľȻ飬Ѱһ
ƴƴ󣬷ˮһգ
һ·һʱʵټվѰơ
Ψһĺôǣսõõһѵõĥһгһַ˼ĵز
뿪һƹѰֱھŲڵС
˿̵մȾѪգͷɢǱɻŵһƵɱȴԵƥ
մԶʬɽѪɱһħ
ѰƬǿʱԵ֮
߷ɹ޵޲׷ײĿǵǽӴѰĿ⣬ʱ׹ߡ
ǴɱĿ⣬һ֮£ֱܼѪ
ÿֲ
λ˭
һ˶ߣܻŵִھŲءɺܺ
͸žɵ
ɵٿѰʱȴ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰǽһ۶εѵӣ˿ȴͬѰķӰ㣬κһ˿ƿԡ
¾ϸӦ
ȫ񳹵ױһˣ
ѰûЩĿ⣬Ӱһƾʧ
Ρϵĳǰӵ۽׻פ࣬λžˡ
ھؿɺܲ򵥣Уǿڴ˵õɱ䡣
ȸָ㡣
˵һر֣䣬ڲͬ
˳ǣǱ֮أԭʼǿķѡطޱȼʵ
ԭڣҲ֪жǲ֮ܣǸӵھŲΪ֮أڳнսĴ־
սɹͨǧսķ򣬵ǺġЩߵĴ֮
ڴ˳оĸ򣬾ܹᵽǵۻµĴ֮Ը߶ԣô࣬ʲôӰ졣
һȸָ㣬ѰѾ̫ҳС
Ըо˳ǱǰǳضҪ޴˸࣬ޱȵĶʢͷ
ܶкܶǧսǿڸָԭͣڴˣѡڴĥ
ǲԸ뿪Ǵ˳ǲʹ˴
ĵԭ򣬾̫ҳ֮⣡
ɫҹĻĵطʵһƬϸԪӴġż
ǴżǲƣػԵ
УǴżеõһͻҵ
ѰϸԪĴؾ֮
ڳֻϸԪĵر
ͬżػԵҲգֲޱߣֶģּɵ޽֯
ǲ֪ǱͨѰ紫ǰ㣬ھŲء
Ǹˣʼǵĳ˷ˣļҵٺ㶼У˵һսʼǶѪɫȾ죬Ѱʲôӡ
ˣûǿչŵ߳һλ۴ۣȴǣƲ⣬ҳ֣̫ҳǿ¾ǵء
սûãѰһԼйص
һ֪̽һʱ䣬˷ų˵ԼھŲء
ʱļҡҡҵһԼɱ
ֻǷ϶ô䶯
ԭڣ󣬻õ˺ҡļϿɣ
ң׷ԣѰеӸҳ̫ҳǣҪͨͽնˣ
һ벻䶯ѣڵ̫ҳУ֪˴¡
Ȼǰˡ
Ѱɫǰ̫ҳʱƶϹ⡣
ϵĽֵԣҩ̡󡢵ҩ¥ȣҲи־¥ޱȵķ֡
ÿһһ
ѰֱһЩģĴУԼһ·ѼıжۣͬʱҲѰٳۻȪĵ̡
ֱʱѰһҿջ㡣
ſŻȪ飬ܽʣµڤƳˡ
УѰĻȪһһͶԨУǽʣµڤƵ΢仯ͷ
ӵصڣһ·ÿһأػɹеĻȪ飬Ϊ˸˾޶ƸõЧҲΪ
ԤС
ڤƳۣؽɱ䣡
ȸҽһ̫ҳǵѰڵ
ȸǰ˳֮ĵ֮żץʮͷ۽а飬̸϶ѣֻǣǵ֮żޱտ£ϸԪĿԵҪ뿪С֡
Ѱ˵ͷ
֮ǰڳж۱ʱ˽⵽ÿһ£ͻһμ޵ߣǵ֮ż
ڣ´ֻʣʱˣڱü
ڱ֮ǰѰȥսڵĵطһ⣡



2484 
²˳٣Ѱ̳
ֻǣ߳ջ
𣡡
ͻȻһ޴˻д̫ҳǶ͵ҡǽ¡¡졣
䣡
ܿ죬巢һ⣬һƬѤõĹĻסϵĳǳء
ѰԾ
һʱ䲶׽һƬڰУһ޴ΰ֮Ӱ֡
紫˵еħӰɸߣ̤ǶХ顣
˿̣ħӰζ壬ҪʲôƬѿˣ޴ķ϶ӣɲĻ
ǵϢԱһ֮涼ֲ
ѰУħӰʵֻһ־ǴҹĻĺɫͶ
֮˿гֵģֻһõ־
ǵƣԶ棡
Ѱ⵹ʲôֲ飬ǰǿ
ַˣǴżԽԽͷˣһʱ䣬ȹ飬ãҲûв̫ҳǡ
ֵϵ˵򶨣Ȼǵһˡ
˵Ϊǵ֮żУһصĽɷӡƺɶˣǱӡеģϸԪĿֲ顣
˵
ֻǴţҵǵõϢ˵ǴżУп컯ǺϸԪһ׽йء
֮䡣
Ҳ˵ˣ׽䲻ɢĽ⣬ͻһʬɽѪѪɫħʬѻޱ߹Ϳ¡
̸ͨѰ֪
һʱ䣬żƵƵַ춯׽֮쳹ûѪɫ
һĻǿ￴Ϊ󼫿ܺһڴżе׽йء
ˣղǰ˻쳹ħ־Ҫĳַӡ֮䡣
һϵе䣬ҲǸ̫ҳһӰ
Ϊ̫ҳǾǴż̫ˣһʲô̫ҳעһܲ
ɶһЩǿԣż䣬ʶһֿܡ
п컯֣
һʱ䣬̫ҳУڴż飬ܿܳΪŵĻ⡣
˽ЩѰü
һ쳣ĶϸԪйأһĪ⣡
֮⣬ɸߵħӰ˴ʱŷһʵ˻Ȼɢʧ
˰ɣżǳΣգһĴ۸ͲԽ׳һҲֻЩˣŸҽ봳Ѱ컯
˸пǴżУֹ÷һĵ۽аֲУΣ
ȻһЩݲӶԣҲĻ
Ѱûֱ̫࣬Ƕȥ
̫ҳΡ׳ƺΰǽɽһ㣬ߴ͸һɴ
ڳǶ֮أ򱻻ֻ۾֮ϵ￿
ϸԪӴľս֮һС
ѰִͿһƬ֮УһͨڻϢеʯ
ǧɸߣֺ磬ɢϢſļ㣬һֶصķ򲨶
ս
Ŵ˱оſ飬ɢڲͬĲУǴϸԪĸӴ
˱ʼرܹͨǧսǵĹ֮
Ув֪ٲȣͼսߡ
ɳϣȻǲ֣Ҳ޷˱˿
ʱĽսһЩ˻ĬϥתԶڸӦսϵ
ʵϣѰҲһʱܵսɢεĲ㣬Ƭ
ϸӦⲨޱȶأӯŸָĴ־еİԵᣬееѱеĵȻƣеġ
ɫɫһ㡣
ѰʱףЩУڽսǿĴ־Ϣ
ʲôأϢ֣ɼˣȥʹĦҲŲС档
ֲ޵ߵִ̫ҳǺ󣬾ͲԸ뿪ҲǴżеĻԵսУҲеõĪ棬ýһĴ
Ѱ˼
Ƭ򣬳ЩӰҲѰһոյִ޵ߡ
˱ģֱǵء졢
һ٩٩̸Ϊ˽нܡ
ܹڵذߣԿɳһʣӵе۾صС
ܹģɳţڴǧսÿһλУ޵ӣϲԴࡣ
Ҳ˵ܹģ̤Ͼ۵·ľÿһͨǵصơ
һһ̾
۾زʸȥڵذϡ
񣬸ֻо۴۲ʸȥ
ɺ̣ܿ𺳡
ȴ΢΢ЦʸɲþһܹһнҪս츳Ǳ㹻ǿС
Ǹϣ̲סʡ
ҲĿ⿴ȥ
һǽսߴȵ
Թһֱһ˵ܹߣе޵֮ˣ˸֮ɣг澳̣֮
˵ǿߣһһ֮һ֮۷壡
һмžһ
ϼһ˵ЩɫʣɵҲ˵Ĳذ񵥴ŵȫһĵ;
ȸһܾܹܿ
һ·Ѱʼɱ̫ҳǣȸʶѰеĿֲͱ̬
Ѱ޷ΨһȷľǣѰϵλܹ࿿ǰ

һǰȥŵ׷⣬ڵһȦһȦĴͼӨӨӲӣޱȣһȼ
ֱִǽսǰ˵ĵ۷״̬
һưʯϡ
ˡ
Ĺ䣬Ʈ裬һսһɬĵ
˶޵ϳһλشۣǾۣȴǿ֮
Ƭ̺
ͼһ󵭽ɫĹ䣬ԡС
ذ񣡡
жϣɫ꣬ʹųɹ־˵ذС
ʱ궯¶Ľ֮ɫ
ȴɬҡͷɫЩʧ䣬̤ۡȻ̫ˡ
˵ţ뿪ӰԵЩ
Ϊ޷ʵ˲ʡ
ڽ͵Ψ֪ܵԼڵΣ޷ŵġ
˶٣ղλѣذ֮ϣӵе۾ΪҹƲ»ڵذһ֮ˡ
һ򣿡˾С
Ѱһ
һ֮⣿
ζţУһӵе۾Ϊڵذ
ĿҲ̫Ӵ
ܼ򵥣һٰʮبʱͻܹޱȿ̣Ȼ¹ȥµȻˡ
߽еʵϣܹڽսѾǼ˲õ׳ˣûʸĵߵֻ࣡



2485 ̫ҳ
ԼЩˡ
ʢҲֻڴǧսܹ
֪ǧεȺ嫣֪λ档
Թÿһʱ䣬ͻһһ۾ۣڴǧսС
ҲõãڴǧսУЩԭס֮⣬ļǵ۾ڡ
ٲȻֳһ֡۾繷ľ
ʵϣڴǧսĳǿλУ۾Ŀעϡ֮
֪ϵĴ
Ǵǧֻһǧλ棬ôڵذһ۾ƽһ£ÿλҲֻʮλ
ٷɢƽĻǾ͸ϡˣ
Щ˶Ī
Ҳû˸СղǼһ֮ˡ
һԡһϷǰ
ȻвԺ󣬽սϲûʲô
ϷӶʱ첱Ӵ֣սȭͷȻʸûУ
Լڵλ棬ҲһͨǿգܹŵִھŲأ֤ʵǿ
ɽ޷ڵذ
̫ˡ
˶ľеѹҲף˵ڵذһ֮ˡ
ͽֻ˭ܰ쵽
кܶǰܴȻճ
һʱ䣬ٽĿսʱ˶¶η֮ɫ
Ǽֱ߲ʣоϣӳ貵ҪĤݡ
˽Խ࣬Խ־壬˴˼Ĳ̫ˡ
ֻһذ񣬾ߵ־ܹ֮ϵĴڣָúεȿ£أǷǴ˵еŲ
з࣬ʱʲôڶһƣͬһ³дʵ
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λֵܣ㲻ȥһԣһذԺ;ע
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Ǻǣλֵ֪֮ȥҲͽֺͣαȡ裿ǴˡЦ
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ᣬϣЦѰҲЦûȤƽϣΪԷûʲô⡣
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һ̣ЦȻ̡
䣡
һɵ쾪ףǽսȻ쳹𵴾ʮء
˶ǣһı顣
ʲô
Щ־ǿߣҲˣһ¡
һĻֳĶ̫˫ˣ
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ϼ죬űƮһһ֮ޣǵѰӰȫûˣ
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ʲô
һ̣̫ҳУ֪ǿﱻ׷ͣжĿ⿴սڵ
찡ǡ
ս񣬵Ż󣡡
ˣ˭
ȥ
һʱ䣬в֪жӰչж
ܹ֮ϵģɶͬһ۷е޵У˸Ž֮ɣ
ԶѾ߱ѵ澳֮Ǳܣ
ʱڽս
֮ǰ٩Ѱˣ˿̶ʧ̬
˭뵽һƽļһ̽ƶѣ˺ƴ
ⲻڵذ
Ҳڳ
Ҫ紫˵֮ϣ
ȫϣһ뵽֮ǰǻѰе٩ˡ
ڸԶˣҲĿɿڴԶԶȥսˣһƬͻ貣֮Ƭɹޣء
ͬһ̫գڱƬգ
һ˳嵽̧ͷսʱȻڹתʢĴ֮⡣
˭ѵԲľ
󣬼УҲעǴʱ俿ǰעҪķ
۴۳ûһЩžҲˣ
˿̣ԶĿǽսϣɫݡ
Ϊ̫ʢˣԶѰɱȣԵúر
֪ʱҲƵƵܹϵľ֣ͬ
̫ҳеһЩ޵߶ԣҲżˡ
ɴʱȴܲһҪԶʢ
ǽս巢⣬ڣϹ¡¡֮һصĴִ˵ء
ǰʱһλĳԵĸ뢣ƺûǿʢ
ૡ
˵ǻɣǿһ۰۷ۣԱȣ󣬵ȷġ
궯нжԱȡ
һʱ䣬һЩϣڳ䶯Ŀ
УԴǧսĴҲǿڡ
ɶԱ֮ȴԾ֣Щʱ󣬾һܹ˿ȣ
˾˭
һʱ䣬ˣ׷׽Ŀȥ
ϧǽսĹ貣ɬĴϢϲ̽õֻܿһģӰ
˺ܾãϼ֮ɢǲ׿һӰ
һİףӰΣϢƽ棬κƿԣãã˺еɼࡣ
Ψģ忡ף׿
˶һ˭
һʱ䣬ճƣϣ˵Ѱ֣εǣûܽеó
Ȼһյִ̫ҳǵİףһѰʵӵſֲޱߵ̵ǿڣ
˸ҪȥѯѰȴ㵷֣ԷǵһʱȥμҴңգ۾ʧ
һЩ޵̲סȥ׷١
ûþͳԾ֣Է֪ʲôط޷׽ټʧӰ٣
ˣѰ˴ڽսĶطڣĿ
ʲô죬ѹȥ
˵һǧ֮ڣ䲻֪Ҳ죬Ͼ̵Թ߳Ŀһӵ޵֮ˡ
˶ԱȣҪڻ֮ϣעǰһǧ֮У
ڲϷ̫ͣҳǺ䶯һȻ󲨣֪ڴۡ
սҲһһͼ̽Ϣ
ܿ졣
һʮֿĽˣ۾ޱ䣬Ͷ㣬һɳȻϡ
վڽսǰһ˼
ϱﾪ㤣о죬ϳӵݣһ



2486 İ
飡
һ紫ӣԵ䱳ִƿ¡
ϳݣ֪˱
ȻҲϢǸ鿴
˵İϳԲӺӦԴǧһ
ڻߣһݹޣ̬ǧһһתڵ澳Ϣޱȡ
Դǧ𣬵Ǽ䲻ס
鿪ڣҽһΪϣʱҵؿһء
͸ŶеĴԣȴݣһԵš
αЩվʱģһԴǧսĽɫţԺҲע޷Ტ۵ġ
ԱߵЦ
û˸оⷬʲôԵġ
Ϊǻ飬һ磬ֵĴ档
ֻЦЦԴ˲ÿɷ
һ̣ƾʧ
ȻֵʱݣɻԴ⻷ٳеϢһ䶯ۡ
ʣΪѰ˴ϵӰˡ
һЩԭݣԴ˲ľҲȣʼԴ¡
˭ԼоԴǧˣһǰȽȽĴУҪŲĹԡ

һ
̫ҳǣһֺڣϵӿֳâ
ѵ֪˸ոմصһ䶯ȫǵϢ
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̲סʡ
ȻǸˡ
͸ųǵ⡣
𪾧ӨģһںʯȾһСѪգѸɺԣȴʺ͸ɢļµϢ
˿̣ɫʯһ˿޵ĲڲƸӦʲô졣
ű仯ޱȿ϶֮ǰڽսǰ֮ϵˣȻѰɣ
ΪɫʯȾڴԨѪϢǵ֮ͨдµ챦
˱ܲ̽ڵѪ츳ӦԨϢʱͻޱ
ӤԻһʱ䱻ʯ̽츳
ڣ˱ӦжѰټϣ
ϢҺļңǣѰѽ̫ҳǡ
ӷâ⣬Ϣɢȥ˵սˣͨѰ
Уһµ޵߽¶ɫ
ְţ޷ĸ֣
赶ɱˣ
Ĳԣͷѡ
ܶǰʹһҵ޵ߵִ̫ҳǣһʱͷų˵ѰȻ̫ҳǡ
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ġҵѻ۶
ˣǿȤųֻҪѰͨͽǣͶնġ
Ϊǵõһʿ۵͡
Ѱѽǣһ˽սľ
ʱݽҴѽǣ֪ǿɱ
ȥ

粨ӿһƬ֮ʱѰѷؿջС
˵˵㾿ڼȸѾˣ𼱻ǵѯ
Űһʮ
Ѱ˵δֻһĨɫ
֮ǰʱܵһڽսˮӿԼڣڸ֪ԼĵСľ־ȵȡ
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ɵһҪԼ֮صıԴʱȴѰֱϣ
Դܣ̴Ԩڶ׶ε츳Ƕϲܱ¶ġ
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ǣʱֹ˵ھŰһʮ
ѰƶϣʱԼֹĲ̽ĻԼ
ǻ᲻ϳȥԶԶǵھŰһʮǰ򵥡
Ͼ̡츳С־С츳ǼҪһӰ켫
ȱʧ츳һĲ̽ȻԵࡣ
ˣȸ֪󣬻Ǵһ¡
ȸ̬̾ȻǱ̬ŵһǰһǧ֮Уȳɼ˸ţ磬ĺ䶯
ִĲ֮̾أô˽䶯֪ѰǲޱȾˣ
ʲôеһѵԺ󻹿ԽеڶѰʵ
ȸô˵־ڽս֮ԺڴǧսߣȡõսĵУԻᱻһʱ䱻ǧսĹӦ
Ҳ֪սܹʹǧսĹϣҲζţȡõսĵУҲᱻսӦӶӰ쵽ϵı仯
˶٣ȸ֮ܽԴԺɱĶԽǿʵɱԽڽսϵҲ֮仯
ѰŻȻ
Ҳζţϵʵֻһʱģ㲻䡣
ˣúŬɡ
ȸһϱ˵̬ҿ˵Уһλۣڵִ֮ǰһٽԼǰһٵС
ʱ²ֹ䶯ǧս򣬲λλҲܵĪôڴǧеӲǰʮС
һˣıһλǰδ֮漣׳գ
Ѱλ仯ܵõʲôô
ȸһıģ˵Ȼ֪δҲ̫֪
Ľһ
ԭһλڴǧսеԽǰܹԽǧսڵλãӶıһλĴϢԽԽǿʢ
ѰԾ
Ϊȸ˵λڵλãǹ̶ģǳ㣬ܹŲƺ͸ı䣡
̫ʱǿչŵڴǧսһλ棬λãԭǧս
ǿչŵû䣬λҲռǧսԽԽԶ
ЩѰ޷ƽˡ
ǧսͽս˶صĹϵ
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2487 ɱ
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2488 ˭֮ˣ
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2490 ̫ҳ
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ѰͼɱǵĸԴڡ
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ͻȻ䣬һĪϵȻ쳹ƬС
սΪֹ򣬱ֱ飡
һ֣صʮأѹסսɱ

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˴˶һۣǽԼĬ㣬͵ضȫѰɱȥ
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ͼһɫӰͻأسֳУ̽͵ĳ
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ͬʱѰǿԽͷųһƼ֮ѹüͷ
ٿУɫӰȻһĿӣ׷ѩƮʣһ纣ŲãϢ
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Ϊˣǰ׽̫ҳ֮
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ѴǧսÿǿУ
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ͬһ֮棬ǺͰ׽һȣ˾Եð࣬ƣǵɣȻһ֮ϡ
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ƽȴԲΥ֮С
ɴͨϵͽ˵ö֮ˣ̫ҳֻȥŭ
׽Ŀ⿴ݣȻãڣ̫ҳǻӣ
ƮƮһ仰ȴ԰Ե
԰׽Ŀʣݱһ󷢺


2491 Цȥ
Ѫ
žսУ׽һٲȻΪĿĽ㡣
˽Ծɲ
ĹͷͻȻֹһעҪֳʤսĽֻΪżе䣿
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֮ǰɵľλڳеĽ档
ȸ˵׽ֹսͨ죬ܸԵİ׼ңҲǿ֮
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ʶѰɱǣҲԸڳУɵľǱ׽ͨ
ȴû뵽׽ʱȴΪƽϢս
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Ѱɲţ׽˵ɡ
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ˣ֮ǰսУɱ˽ʮλ۾׼Ըٷңܹѹˣһݡ
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ѰɱһŮˣĿ
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ֱĿӰʧŮƽΨüͷһ¡
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̫ҳ䶯
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ѰսҲΪȫĻ⡣
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ˣǶŲɣ޻ɣǲпѰŵִ磬û䲻ǿչŵһ֮սı
ֺķΧУС԰߽̫ҳǡ
֪ЩϢ߱˴˶ӣĪ
ãǻҼһıҪ𣿡
ӡ
ʼʱ˾ֹһѰڵִ̫ҳǺһж
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ͨҲʮ֮ˣԵɣЩһʼнӴˣ
С԰ĬƬ̣ȻԣҲΪ׵ġᡢ壬ͷһ
˵⣬Ƿһ˿ЦڷĵǣһǺ𣿡
һ
²Ը⣬ҲòϣѰչֳսȷûбҪǺ
ΣǱȥһһЩʹżйصܸȤġ
С԰ϣڴ֮ǰȥսڵһ⣬ҿҲһԣĵУܷϡ
ﾫһ¶ԾԾ֮ɫߣȥƣѰǼһﶼϣǵʵ롭Ҳһϵΰɣ
񣿡
С԰ûж˵ʲô
ʶ֪ѰսΪ޷Ѱˡ
һ΢ı仯


2492 ҺͻԵ

Сˮ羰续
һһͤУ׷ѩ翡İ׽һӣϡ
Ц̧ͷĵŮӣֶŮˡ
ŮһϮۣŮװݰףüĿ续˿һöӣȴþ޷ӡ
ȻǶȻ
⣬ƿУֻܡ
˵ţۻӶʹɢ֣ɢҡ
ƵģЦƷ塣
׽ӣЦ겻㻹統ǰ㣬ɡ
ȻǳǳһЦգˮ۾ɿ佱
׽̽һ裬˹ȥ˵˵ɣΪѰ㸸֪СӿˣУ˭֪㸸ĲѾͷ
ԴУ͸ŵ٩
ҾˡȻ룬˵ɹ
׽͵Цǧս򣬾һ֮Գ֣Ҳ˲һëˣҪЦü̳ҵĳ֮λô
ȻһЦվǾˣҰһæҲְɣ
׽ü̾ɰæȴúᡢġǰҺˣΪ˴ǿ̿˪ͷһȥһ棬֪һ˴ɱҿô죿
ͬڱԹ¿ˮ
ȻЦţţ˵壬Ҹ˵ĹȻû㿴ʵǸϲˣһƤң߳ܣ
׽ɿһæתƻ⣺ˣæҲˣ㰡ǸϽ뿪̫ҳΪá
ȻüΪΣ
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˵üѷ֮ɫ
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ȻĬƬ̣ȻȻһЦһұʱߡ

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վһѪɱԲû̫Ӱ죬ֻȴЩԲ͸׽˼
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Ѱȥһϡ
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Ѱùͼһϱ߱עһЩ۸ӵ·Լ;ֲһЩա
ͼͷһɺѪ¡
꣬Ҹ׵ִʱԵΣֶ飬ķǻԵ֮ӿֳѪʱӡеĻԵͻճ
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ĸףһλĴڣܾǰɴǧս֮ϡ
ִ󣬸ټͷ
ҲˣȢһλĳŮӣҲС԰ĸס
㸸׿˵һ׮ԵʲôѰͼ黹С԰ʵ
С԰ҡͷͲˣҸƲ⣬ӦǺϸԪһֲഫйأΪһо֮ɬӵеľ۰ص۾ΪоƣֻܼƬ̣㲻òնϸӦԶԶ˱ܡ
ഫУ
о
Ѱһˣһ׮Եɼ֮˲á
һ˵żĪ⣬ҪִһԵ֮أǲףʶ˲ŴһܵõԵƽ֡
С԰ҲĿ⿴Ѱ
ѰüƬ̣˵λ֪żнһ֪Ļұܽϯ̫ҳǣ
ȴС԰ͷո˵ˣƶϣһıܾͺʹżеĻԵйأ䲻ɱ⣬Եȴǿıġ
ãִż󣬲ʲôвҵǺλ
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ʲôպͻңҪõԵעǲǰһ˳ġ
С԰ʱЦѰ룬ǶԴ˴жĸˡ



2493 澳а

ҲѰǵĵ졣
Ϥ˽⣬ҪЩͣפڴʮ޵һ·Ĵż
һΣյҲһ־޴Ļս
˭֪ǴżϸԪӴұޱȣŵرɾģоУϸԪµ
УܹӴżлŷصǿߣÿһ˲˼ĺô
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еĶôϸԪطű䡢ϡ
֣һ㡣
ǰ׽ƾնɨӳвǿߣ
ڴżе䣬ضȶһǰעѲ⣬˭ı⣬ڻ¡
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һЩǿĺ˸Ħȭƣвͣפڴʮˣһֱ뿪ڵȴѵһĻᡣ
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ɶЩ˶ԣһبδеĴᣬѰٵǰĻԵ컯
ǿƼһƬ£սȣһo̸ۣǾʮء
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ͬһʱ䣬ڰ׽ߵĶȻһϮۣ续ǣдԼ֮ϡ
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öȻԵüڣܵĹע̶ȻȻѷɫڰ׽
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ȻǶѾȲѰ컯֮ǰͽѰɱ
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ǵʶ޷׽κһ˿ټ
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ûа׽ıӻеӺ濹⡣
ңҲɵصűΧɱҲ²ⲻӼܻѡɱ۽а飬һʱ뿪ż
Ҳ˵Ǳɱʮͷ۽а֮ǰҵݱü
Եͷ
ȻڣطԸӦϢֻǣȴһﷶΧڡ
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˾һԵżȥЩ׶Ľ֮⣬Ҳͺһǰ㣬ǵ֮ڣЩѰһ顣
ѰʱֻҪܸеϢؿԵһʱҵ
һСӽЩ׶Ľô죿ü
˶һĬ
ЦǸǳ֣ɣ
һչж

лıˡ
һƬɷɽУѰһʵݸС԰
֮ǰƾ˱Ѱڵִżĵһʱ䣬ƾŲƳ֮ңɽС
С԰ѵȺڴˡ
ȻһжֱܿЩһ׷ɱˡ
С԰Ц˵ţ̧һӣһʵѩ׵ϡ
ѹ׵ɱﵱĸ˲ƿһƳ
¾ǱڽƴУҲ赲ס
߰ɡ
ûе飬С԰·Զȥ
Ѱ

ɸǰûãһҽ˻죬ǰмҴսɷȣ
ٵ۾ﾹ
һͷ澳аʳʮˣ
뿪
ӰŲĵطһƬңɽѣƬɽΪƽء
ˣѰǽԲü


2494 ڤ֮
ԶԶȥͼһɫӰߴɣɷɢѪ֮
һ˲ƵѪɫս죬սչɺѪǳ֣
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һͷа飬ȴִ֮¾ڵۣ
ţݷżеа飬ϸԪǿߵʬϸԪˣЩʬȴûб֪ЩǿǰǺεȿ¡
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üͷһ壬֣ͼָҪִһԵ֮أþ澳аɽ룬һŻΨнУܼȥ
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2497 ʬ
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2498 µ
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յڤ֮ЩֲʬȻĿãõܵвʹҪԶСࡣ
ܿ죬ɱϵĲ㡢㡢㡭
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ͼѰӰһƥҫ磬˺գ俪ΧӲһΧ֮ɱһ·
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һ˿ɬͿٲ³
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ͬʱҲע⵽Ѱ߹ʯϣЩĿֲʬ˳ţ񳹵ȥһ㡣
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ֹ˻ĿǾʮŲʯ׾ͷĴǰһöѩ׵תػɬƺ
оͨ飬ӵǻۣС԰ü
̫ˣֹܼȡаϵ
̫żУһװ㣬ڲٿؾʮŲʯϵĿֲʬֹһеҿȥˣ
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Խ̸Ȼһս쳹
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ȴﵽѾ߱ڱܣʲôﵽУ𺳡
֮λи
еܻûǧؿɲ
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Ѱһߴֱӵжĵк츳ǿò˼飡
֪УһھŴеھŵĴУܹ˴
С԰˵ǲǵڰʮͷ֮һϡߴУ£ܹûľ߲ͬĴÿһ߷ƿĳֲֿ츳֮սɱʱܹ˼ܡ

ڰʮͷ֮һķϵߴУ
һ𣬵òỳɣһͲͷйذɣ
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ϣ
ǿ綼ƾͷĴڣ
˽̸ʱѰӰڲϳʯϷȥҲԽԽ¡
ֱִʮʯʱľϣҲѰܵѹ
ֻоŸ
ÿһǿᵽ£Ʊ̬ûǻۣĻעֻ¡
ûгɣѰٻ˳
ڳɱʮʯʱѰòˮҲٻ
ֱִڰʮһʱҲս
һĻĻС԰С
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Ҳֻڴ˿̣ѰǼͷŵսǲʶǰվԶԶ͹ˣ
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һ·ϣղ֪ж٣Գһ˿עǷǣɵ³
ʱĶֻ߸
߸ۼսȺ˷Щ涼ǿһصĴڣ
Ѱ仳ɣ߸ֲʬǰʱ򣬼ѳ澳ǿߡ
̫ǿˣ
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ɱ
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һ̣Ƿ㣬ͷţϳӲһЩвɱΧϵھʮĲ̨ף
Ķ֣
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գɱΧִھʮ㣬ľ̫أֱӱѣһɫ⣬Ѱ
飡
ѰƴɱϵھʮʱҲ֮ѣ׻顣
Ѱ˲ۣıԴ𣬾ٶ̡̤
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ǶʩչɱﵣʱȥӪѰ׼
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漣֮漣Ϊʵ
漣ʵһоԵøġ
ֱѰһ·ɱһ·ԡѪɱǵھʮŲ㣬С԰ֻʣһָо
£
Ѱһһߴ𣬿ȾѪɱӲйһ˿Ӱ
һĪͷ緭
Ѫĥѣͷ
ǵ־ǵǡǵ縡ư̬һľ²ĥӡ
ɴʱ˻޷ɡ
ΪѰһµĶ֡

ʤѩϢɡ
ھʮŲ㣬һˣǵȴֲһ޷ȵĵز
ǰѩ׵תɬصĵƹ꣬ӨӨӲӣƲģ˵ʮŲİžš
Ѱ˿Ѹأɫɷ͸ʳѪֹס
ӣѰһʱͶ϶¾ԼƴҲ޷Է˿
̫ǿˣ
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ΪͿ͸ǳ
ʱһ
ɱϵھʮŲѰӽָֻһ
赭дһ
Ҫһֻϵɡ
Ĳм
С԰УӶһ˲ֻʹ˺ѣеĸ֪еľȫˡ
ããһƬ
һ˲˸ûпѰӰǾʮŲ̨֮ϣ
סɻؿԼָ⣬תѾǰǰѰ
š

飡
һʣعţڵأϸԪʱ̬
һ̣Ѱ·һ̾𣬿ȴȷǷԼĴ
Ϊ˿̵Ƶȷ̫ˡ
Ϊ˳ھʮŲʯףڸصʩչͨһж;ƿ֮С
ˡ
Զѩ׵뺷ܵţһ׹⣬ٿ뵽ǰڡ
̫ڡ
ѰĿһ۴֮ϵҶһȡƿϡҩһԳȥ
󣬾ֱ߽˴

С԰ָʱͷǾʮŲʯ֮ϣѰӰˡ
ֻһʬǣԭ̬
ʮŲ̨ϣԻָʱľ󣬺˵ʬѻƸղŵһж㡣
ָòᡭɫ䡣
С԰ֱӴϣܣûôصҲˣһɣʱּ̣ܶĳѹ׵ɱﵣɹԽǵھʮŲʯף뵽̫Ҵڣ
˶٣˵Ǿڴ˵Ⱥֻţ϶
ͷ

̫Ҵ
ž
źɫʯ³ϴѱð߲
һʯʱѰע⵽һصĵͼ׭ϣͼɶѲȱģ
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һµ޵ߣϥڵС
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ͷӳһɽͼڣ֮ơ
һϸԪľ
ѰһʶԼ뵽һ˼Ļþ£ϸԪС
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òӿڣ͸žȻڰź¡
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еһӰ뱯ɫȻ
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Ѱһ𣬾ȻһǸڰսؾУ㽫Լļһ
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ԭʺ͵Уѿִ̫ҵͳϧˣԪ̫֮ͻأ޳
̫ƽ̳һ̾һӡ
ˣ
һѩ׵뺸ֶӨӨӲӣ͸ĥɣڳ޾ɹ⡣
컯뺣ʦϱӡĪɵأպˣ̫ܹԪ֮Ӵϣе̫ڣнഫӴ档
̫ƽ̽ж
ǣ
ɫȻǰӹתɹ컯
䣡
ʱѰǰҰȻһ䣬еľʧ
ɻҰָ׹һ˼ĻþС
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̫ûˣûˡ
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Ժұؽٽ̫ڣһֻһƿصϴ̣
Ƿ˻У͸ŵ޾ĿοܶԹޣһͳͳй˳
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ڴʱȻһΰӰ֮ϡ
ԷЦӣȻֹ
ѰΰӰʱ۾¶֮ɫ


2500 ʯ
֮ͨ
Ѱ𶯡
½ƴһοͨؾʱѰͼʶһĻ֮ͨйصľ
أȭڤ·Ӳ֮ţǿף
ƿƴ֮һ֮ͨźѰ֮ͨһ־
£֮ͨΰӰڷ֮ϣѰɿϲ
ŸȴֻϸԪһֱɥĲ񣡡
ϣ֮ͨһ֣ͷм뷢īӳֳڲĿֲܡ
쳹
ߣޱ飺ϳҵҲǴ˼Ԫһ˲õĽɫȰһ䣬ϽĪҪ󣡡
شģ֮ͨԵƥһȭ
䣡
һڴԨبأɲ⣬ϯնȥ;֮ǳһſקɷĩӿǿֲȭ֮С
Ƭأֽ㣬͵Ť
սӾǿ֮֮ͨսһţչ¶Զܣ
ⳡսӺ󣬾ͼ
֮ͨ͵طһХǰٿͷų޾ʱչ꣬һС
һȭ
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Ѱǰһʹж
ҰָʱͼһӻģӢ·ꡣ
ֲǣһĵ类ն䣬һ˥䵽£
ʱ⣡УܣƿȽ֮ⲻܣ
ӷֵĴС
֮ͨһȭ͵УݵʱΨмǻ۲䡣
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һ£һλò̤ϵ۾޵ߣȴת˲䶪ʧһеУص˸̤֮·ʱǸǺεȿֲĳ
ѰǿҵԤУ֮ͨһȭ̺ŴԨ׶ε츳֮
ɵѰϸȥʱľһαʧҲˡ
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ҲһöԿ𣬺ãǱ㽫㳹ѹ
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̫Ҵǰ֮ͨһ̾
һоʧ
Ѱͷ
ףαѹģеһЩҲ˶õ˴𰸡
ֻǣ֮ͨѰٵԿʲô
Ѱü֮ͨѹӵԭ򣬾ΪһԿףҲޱȺ档
˼Ƭ̣Ѱҡͷǰߣûоͷޱȹ
ţ
ȻѰƳһѩ׵ĹӰڼԶһš
һʱ׷˹ȥ
һʯҰУƵ̨
ѰĿ⿴ȥ㱼·𿴵УһӰϥʯ֮ϸ;
ܿ죬֮ͨӰʯ֮ϣԨ㣬ĥʹ֮
ֻǣѰӣȴָղǻ룬ʯϲϢޱ
ѰĿһɨܣüص⽫ԼҪʲô
ԼҲЩӰһڴʯ֮ϸʹ֮
˵ΨˣܡõϿɣ
ѰĬƬֱ̣ǰ
֮;ƿݵıԵ̷ϡޱȵҩһʱ̣޷Ϊָ
ʱΣշѰֻһְ취ǾǽѹԨڵļ֮ų
صʱ̣Ѱô
ҵҪʯʲô
˼ʱѰһʯϡ
˲䣬һĴϢɢӿǫ̈̄ڵһʱͱóγ飬˳Ⱦ
Ѱӿ˵о
ͷ·ع鵽籾ԴУԡ˴С
̨һͨٶ룬ĸ
ôеĵ˷һһ޶֮ⲻһһϦ֮
ںܶǰ˼ԼԺĵ;ڳɵۺЩ˸̵ʶ
ʱѰʯϸ򣬻㱼䣬вƼգȻ֮С
һƪƪϵĴУһӿֶΧת貵Ĺ꽫û
ԶԶȥһһ֣ܲУɽɵģӲԣ˷İ壬еĳȻɡ
ܶǰ㴫Уֱ񣬲Ų̫ҡȥ޻صȽһĴײڴ˻ϻ¯һ֡
ʱеĴаؽӿֶõȺ㣬һһ
ڷ⣬貶Ŀ
Լ䣬һ¯ͷϿգ㴫аؾһƣ¯и˸һнй
ѰԸǰ˵·ҪԼĵԼĵ۾
ʱ¯ڣϴ֮أѰĲϴгںϣΪһ¯ļ
һɱ䡣
һʯϽ˻Уܹ׾ٵؿŵ㴫еıʰء
ôѰһ·;֮ϣʱ䶼սͰ棬ûжٱչصʱ䡣
ѰΪЩΪɹľ飬һҪĻۺͳ̣
·Ͷϲܱ쳵
㼣Ѵǿչŵʼ鲼ھ۴۾ĵ;֮ϡ
Ƿȱģ޷һɱḶ́
оĴ쳹ʯ֮ϣѰӰԽԵˣһڷɢɡ
ڣд쳹ڹΧתϡ
һ̣Ѱ޹һдУԶںĪ⣬뵽ͨ⡣
ͷ¯Ӳӣϣϰأƿص㴫ϵĽڣϵڻ㣬оİۺһݻһȻޱȵĴϣҪ׻¯һ֡
·ĵĵ۾Ҫ䣡
֪˶á
̫ҴУ״׳ʣʱħ֮ת
ʱиĪľּӿ֣һ֮Ѱͷ¯Ʈ
˺ͨ嶼һְ󣬷һ¯أѹŽδ
һ޷ݵĪϣҲ֮Ѱ֮ף֮
ǵȷ˼Ŀֲӳ֣䶯

ҽҪճ
ʱǴɫУһص֣ڹעѰϵб仯


2501 ɵ
¯⻪
ѰԽׯʥһһա
ֱؽԳھ¯ڣһֳԭʼ壬Ϊ¯ϡ
ǰ¯پ
¯پں֮Ϊһ׳ΪѰһ۾

оȫʧ⻪һжƽ
徳ɷһƪ
أɷһƪ
ʥ֮أɷһʥƪ
׼۾£ͨ۾Ĺؼڣɵһ֤ƪ
۾أһһǵ·ƪ
ϧ۵֮·ϵ硭
Ѱг
֮ǰ㴫ʱͶȱ۾ء۾صĸͰء
õ佫¯ȴ̸ϵ
Ϊ·ƪҪơ
ˣ˴ҲѰջ񼫴Ϊ䲻ͻƣһнԵõһںϡ
¯ĵ죬һ뷨ļڣԵ뷨⣬Ҳǵõһѵõɱ
ৣ
ʯ֮ϣѰ۾
֮ǰƺͿݽߵΪڴ˿ѵõ׵޸۷ʱı״̬
Ψһ鷳ǣڣ֮ǰսУ׻ֻʣһֱԴ
Ҫܻ֪ҪķѶ೤ʱ䡣
Ҳζţڶʱ䣬ɲóˡ
Ѱʲô´һ顣
νƲƶ
Ѱڴܵĵһʱ䣬Դ¯İԺָӵжƣ
ৣ
Ȼ䣬Զһ׹⣬Ȼص컯뺣ֻһΣδ뿪ǣѰ
ѰһʯϾ컯뺡
ˡ
ûã컯Ȼ
ͬһʱ䣬ѰʶͨؾУһðѩëֶ
ԼĪӤƴСһɹ뵶ɣ飬ɢһصϢ
ȻǵƴءսؾУӵɱһë
ʱЩһëǵһγ֣
ৣ
ѰӦٿ䣬ѩëӳʶһöķţ뵽Զ컯С

컯ɢһƬ꣬һԼ㣬һȫµɱ䡣
Լ䣬һصɵӿ֣ճһ嫵ɵ磬ܾУ԰йϵħ飬߳ơ
ãһоһһɢ
ٿ컯뺣͸ӨתصĹӰ֮ղţһ˵ϣԳ
Ѱʶ̽һץ컯뺾ͻһ׹⣬ģӨӨ⣬˳ޱȣûκһ˿ĵֿ
䣡
ͬʱѰֻһӴӵĺ컯дһּ֪֮
ڼԪ컯ļ䡣
һƬϣ컯˵̫ڶˣΨħħͷţĪķ̣
ԶһڹžصԼ䣬ħ˻ӹžļ¡
ڹžһ࣬бһȾѪȡ
ʲ϶㱻̫ѹ꣬ԪһУڽиһգҲ˵̫ڣֻһ
һڹžĮڣȡ̻һ־ͷѪңҿԸһӴЧҵĻᡣ
Ĺžͳӣ̫ʮˣһ̤Ĵ棬̫һƽ̵ĽӰˡ
˵꣬Ӿ΢΢һЦѾ̫ڵƽ̣ң¼Ԫ̫ҵͳʲ϶ѡͶϣ̫ڿ֮
Ǳʲ϶ıõΪβ˵ꣿ
ã˵ӵ
˵ƨ
ʲŲмսʱСûгҲҴԲЧңԪħķӡɶձָʱ֮գȣ
ɫһӱޱȡ
仭浽Ȼһ䡣
ϣ
µһĻˣͼбعžһһٿӳһ־һòӡ
ȻѰ֮ǰһþм̫ƽ̣
ƽ̣Ӵʧɫ
ӣ̫ʧˣ컯Ӵ˿𣬽㣬ԵԵԵߵ֮
̫ƽ˵ţָһ
ԭƿе컯ٿѣһ׺ʧ

ʧȥ컯Ŀѣ˻𣬡϶ԪѸ㻹Ҫԣˣұ㳹־
䣡
һʱ֡
־󶼼ˡ
ֻӽĴ𣺡϶ֻҪƿ컯뺵Կ˭Ҳõ컯
浽ɢ
ĿһУѰ˺ܶ࣬ɫҲһ𲻶
á
ڳȷ˼顣
ȣԪ󣬳̫ڵӻţǱ̫ڷӡһžڵħͷҲͬһ
ħͷʲѹ֮ã
Σһ̫ҵɽѹڹžһ࣬вһ̫ƽ̵־
һ־ʧȥ˶컯뺵ƿء
Уܹ߬ƿ컯һԿ
֮ͨڴ˵ʱ֮ڻ֮ȴӵԪѹͨؾΪԿס
ϧ֮ͨδԸԳ
¹ȥԼͨؾɱӵԪõһë
Ծƿ컯Կף
ԼС԰һ𣬽Ƭĵһʱ䣬컯ԲԼϵëǲŻֳټһ·һ˴̫ڵżС
ǾʮŲʯϵգܾ컯ԼĿ顣
Լȥ޷̫ɵҲע޷֪ⷢеĸ顣
ȻأҲ޷õ컯뺣
ЩѰˣ컯ʲôϽԿ֮ͨҲ
Ѱλ̫ƽ˵Ļ
˱ʦĪɵ
ɵ
Ѱ컯Ŀһ±ˡ
Խ컯ʱ䣬һƬɵһ㣬ǰչ
嫡塢󣬻ǧŰޣÿһ֮أԿһ磬ܾ顭
Īɵ򣬾뵺תάϵɵת
ȻϸԪɵľ
Ѱȴֻܿȴ޷ȥᡣ
ҲڴʱԨеȻ֣һƵģųһϢ컯֮ϡ


2502 㲻
ɲǼ䣡
컯հ㣬ӿֳҫ۵Ĵ꣬ͼȥֵ
ܿ죬͹ƽ
Ϊû˺
෴ת컯Եõĳֺôһ˵ԡ
ֹ˰ӡ
ֱͼʧԨڡ
컯΢΢һûһðӰ
Ƶõ֮İһ̫ʦдı˳е壡
Ѱס
ĪһʼԴ֮顰˫һ֮飿
ۼһӰҪΣƺΪ㣬𽥰ȥһ꣬ʧ컯ڡ
Ѱ
ʲô
컯ȥشȴ޷Ӧʲô
룬ѰԨȡȻͷ֣Уһɵ磡
嫶壬ɹ뵣ǧŰ֮һһ֣
֮ǰѼڤظİһޡ
ʱ򣬾һ޴¯ֻذ磬ǿճǡ
Щ󣬵ѰʱѴڡ
Упǿճ֮һƬϵڤظ磬Լڸոճֵɵ硣
ˣһŮУʮСţˡ
ȴϸԪʼԴ֮飬˫ɹ˼Ԫе˥֣
ȸ˵磬Ψ׾Ʒп֮ܵ顣
˫ɾһڣ
ԭѰΪ컯мҲᵮһ֮飬ɺȻղµõĺôҲûһõӰ۳
ֻ
һ컯Уԭӵһɵ֮飬ȴ֪ʲôԵʣһֱС
һǣ컯һ֮飬ȴΪʱٳ޷һɱ
һζĿǰԣ컯뺸޷ΪѰá
㱻ĨɱĴۣȴֻһûõı
Ѱǲײس鴤һ¡
ʵҲֻ̤ϲ;ȥƿ
Ȼ컯İؾͺйأҲľ޷ȥõġ
˼Ƭ̣Ѱ컯𣬴ʯȥ

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С԰һֱڵȺֻü䶼ѲƵظֳһĨɫ
ΪѰġ
Ҳ֪ôˡ̾
͵ɴ󣬾ϲˣˣ
С԰̧ۿȥȻͿǾʮŲʯ֮ϣѰǾεӰ̫Ҵǰ
֣
С԰ЩŵҲ£ظ𪾫µϸһĨϲɫ
ͼѰʯϲ£;ǺܵʬʱɳĻҽƮ
ֱѰִ棬ʮŲʯ֮ϣտյûһ˼ɵĿֲʬ
һĻС԰ԼЩˡ
λ
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컯뺺ƿƬ̫żֻҪֳִ˱ٲݵķʲôΣա
С԰˽Խʰ׶ϣִ̫Ҵڡ
ֱʱѰŽԼ˵غһЩ˵ҲδԼѽ컯ʵ
˱֣ˣǸûл߽˵С԰Ÿп
ͷ
ѰЦЦָŲԶһʯϣԴŲɹãλһԡ
С԰һǰϥһʯϵһɲһ𣬸ܵһʯ
Ѱˣûдţ뿪
̫żУ⣬طûв̽Ѱȥߡ
ϧѰһ·ѰҲһ
գؾʮŲʯǰϥС԰󣬾뿪˵ء
żУֻһط಻˼ĻԵزء
ѰԴѲȤ
ûˣȻ֮ڣ˵żУܽԤĻңᲨ̫ҳǣ
£Ѱֻ뾡Ѽ㹻ĵ۽а飬͸Ͻ뿪

Ǻһ·Ͼûһ˿գȫԤ
Ȼһ̸Զ
ݴţ˵ϸԪĳͳܾӵأֻϴӡһۣͿԿһͳǺεǿ󡣡
ףǵطˣ
̸δ£һȺŮѰһϥʱһ
ǵĿ˳ǾʮŲʯ׿ߴ̫ҴʱнԱʡ
һĻòŮӣЦλѣĪǴ˵صĻԵѱõˣ
һӣȻ֣ЦЦԶ׼϶ˣɣϵıͿ뿪ˡ
ѰӴ۾
һȺӰʮˣɢ˵ƣвž֮Ľɫ۴ۡ
Ϊ׵ӣһۣ֣ƺ嫣Ȼһ۰شۣ
һ࣬һߣ̬ӣɻɢģȴһ֮ܡ
ɣһȺݺܿ£
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Ϊ׵ӷԸжȥʯ֮ϵĴв̽һ
˵ЩʱҲûѰתâ̫ҴоǵطĲ
ǣ
һȺ߳㳯̫ҴȥϥǵѰҲˡ
ڴʱѰһɰҲǴɢЩǰ
ǡϵңѰɨˡ
ЦǺηʥʲôʸϵã
¶ζ֮ɫ
ҲüɻشѰͼһЩʲô
ˣѰʱףЩһĲϵԼЩԼ̫ҳдɱ޵ߣǸͲԼ˵
ʲôӣղϱҲ뿪һߡ
𡣡
ѰЦһӣһХһƬȻٿնߡ
Ӳ߶طŷɲơ
ɽ˲䣬ĵֵֽ㣬һƬ飬˱ɱѪɡ
һĻ̼ڳɫ䡣
Ϊ׵ɫһ
ߣ߻ǵзһĨâٿӳһƳѰͷ­¡
һ棬赭дһƣʵ޷ܣ
ȻͼѰչ壬Ҳһĳ
䣡
ֲĲǺХһ˲Ƭض糱ϯɢ
ͼǱӰһģǵ˳һױˡ
һ֮棬Ҳ㲻𣿡
Ѱ䣬͸ŵĮ
ɫ֮ʣ͵أһлƳУ
ǸǿչŵѰ


2503 ֮
Ѱ
־ħӵ˽׻㣬ͷ䣬ɫ䡣
ûмѰĿ˭ֲ֪ģһ׺ƥĴڣ
ӵ﷢࣬Ҳû뵽Ȼô߽һͻһλˡ
ѰżУġᡢҵȫѲ㣬ʱӦòǳһЩ鷳ɣ
һ򶨵ɣǸһھͿ뿪ϵı
شģѰԵƥһȭ
䣡
һѵ촫
ӶʱŭҲǷ̣䲻ԸѰⲢˡ
ȥ
Ӵȣһѩķɽӳҫļµâ˺ѳա

ȴɽֱӱȭݿ壬ݺݵɳȥȭƲݺݳײϡ
ֻ类ɽײϣڱѪ嶼һģ㱻һȭѹ
Աߵı߼ƲһʱеһŽնƥĽӿֳɲҪǬ
ȴѰ̤ǰҲһȭҳ

ŽҲ
ѪҲһ󷭹Ȼ֮ɫѰ֣ŷ֣߼ֱһֲÿȥӲѹԣȷ̫ǿˣ
ߣ
ǵһʱ䣬̽ץסӣͳԶȥ
Ѱʵ֮ǿ󣬳ǵ
˼ˣĻҶһʱѡӶݡ
ѰĿܾ׵뿪һʱͼԨⴹ䣬һǺƵģӲת
ֱʩչС
䣡
һ˲ܵӰͱɱһըԪ𣬻ɢ
һĻ̼˶ͷƤ飬׵֪ߵ壬ȫƴƵӴܡ
Ѱ޵аһǵսȥ־
ЩǿߣһսҲޱǿᣬ򣬶ϲܸҽżǽȴһ·ܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѱ׷ɱһһӰ£ݽƵıոȫûеֿ֮
ǲǿ󣬶ǵĶֹǿһЩ
һʯ죬Ѱھһ縺ϴУһҲǵõһ־˵
ʱһ֮涼ӲĿĽɫˡ
һ·׷ɱֻܿʣӵˣһֱӳƬڡ
Ѱδ
մ֮߳ǰһͷаľ޴ɽʱȴʼϲ䷢
䣡
һֲܴ˷ɢգֱӽǸӳһ֡
˲䣬ѣ˲䱻Ĩɱ
ֻʣӺӵŵΪڸ翹ֻɫѱѿޱȣĿѡ
ͻȻϮȻһֲ
Ѱȥ
ͼ޴ɽ븽Уλ澳а飡
еͷۣߴǧɽ帲Ź緱Ĵͼڡ
еͫɺ죬һϮѪִۣѪɫսꪣӶ֮䣬޾ɺ׵硣
еݵ̬֮ƣһצŹĻ
еġ
ÿһԻ澳ĿֲϢǰ㣬һΧɱӶˡ
䣬Ӻ߽Ըۣȫмܲס¶ɱﵱɱΧ
棬īķȥɱˣ
أһϸӣͨʺѪС߲Ѱ֣
澳а鳯Ѱɱ
һ޳ӣɫ棬ִһɫ޽
һһͷ׹ޣɽƵģһͷȴһԾ޴Ĺһۿȼű͵档
䣡
ֳ־޽ӺɱŭƳգɲĺɫ¡¡Ƕ¡
ǰ׹̽һֻצȼڵɫ棬ݺĻ
Ƭض׻ңɽ붼飬عѿһĹ֡
ȼлѰһʱתڤӲϡ

һ޽þӰһҡΣɫ淭㱻ա
꣡
׹޵һֻצӲҵöѣ۵˻
ڤȴڣ޽ӷŭĴС
׹Ǳ̵ĻͫҲ¶֮ɫ
ڤ֮һɱش˵صķԶѪɫС߷
ʱǸ۵͵طһϷ뿪
䣡
ȻֲĴ꣬ȼհ㣬֮Σ͵ǰ壬һͷ۵澳аˡ
һӣȻ䱻˺ѿһ϶ץסӣֱӽ˳ȥ
ۣ
һѪɫꪺХͷ­ɡ
Աͷ۵澳а飬ֻ߬ס壬͵طǻ˺ķѣѪٷ
Ҫȥ׷ʱѪɫС߱俪ڣɱ˴ˣһɣԪ֮ӡϣ
˵ţѻһĨޱȵѪɫ磬ƾʧһ̣͹سѰǰü֮غݺȥ
ò˼顣

Ԩһʱӿ֣䵲סѪɫСߵһȴѰӰҲһͣԾ
ѪɫС߿ۣȴֲ֮
ɱ
ʱͷ۵ĸߴӰԼѪӰҲɱһһֲ
ͷ澳а飡
ݣѰһɫһʩչ˿
䣡
ƬҪݰ㣬ֲϯɢֳľ
ΧеѰһʱ޷ɱΧ
ʵϣ¾һ֮ڴˣҲͿסɱ٣̫⣬ͺʤ㡣
ѰȻޱԸҲΪӲУԼܿסΧˡ
¾ڤЩа飬λ澳ҲЩв
ۼԽսѹԽѰٳɣ㶯üʱ
Ȼһ
컯ѹһٰ澳а飬һȡɣԵޱǿᡣ
һ̣Ѱһͽ컯óƿ֣ѩ׵ɬĴꡣ
Ԫ֮ӡѪɫСߴУƺޱȼҪıȻõˣ
澳аҲż
Ѱ⣬Ԫ֮ӡĪ컯
ʱ컯ȴһ㶯ҲûУԶѰ֮ǰʱǰͨ飬ܹȥɱС
Ѱ롣
䣡
ͷ۵Ӱ͵ɱ첲Ӷֻ־㣬Ѱݺץ¡
ѰһתԨһ͵컯һשƵģ˳ȥ
춯صײУͷӰֵĴ
ͼ컯һ֮£ͷųֲ֮һ첲̵˲
ͷۣͷۣһĻ澳аҲһƳǵϡ
ѰһȻ컯ûǰͨˣɺȻӵеЩ澳ав


2504 ˭
ʶ㣬Ѱһʱչ
䣡
巢⣬Ԩֳ᲻ɴݵķ̬С
У컯չѸƥĹơ
飡
һܼļս֮쳹жʱһŭ˻𣬻ųʹĽ
ͼͷ澳飬ٽԱ컯Уȱ첲ȣеűУֱӱɳһ
ǰ׹޸ңҶһؼǣԵ
ȻУ
Ѱ
ʩչڤ֮Ща飬ټ컯ֱִһɱй޲ˣ֮ơ
죡ɱɱѪɫС߷ŭ˻ڳֲѪɫ⻷֮ʢǬ
飡
Ѱ컯ͺݺѪɫСϣ߷УȻһʱӴܣɱ컯һβͣ۵ŤС
Щ澳аʶ߶ȫƴ㣬ҪѰһС
Ȼ
һľײ֮һһ澳а鱻ҷɳȥ͵ס컯Ĺ
Ѱʱ컯ڤ֮ƾսĻѰϲӵơ
ɴ˿ȻѰһ

䣡
ǰ׹ޱ컯飬嶼һƬããĻɬ긲ǣ˲绯һϣ컯ɡ
Ѱõһ̵顣
ӣս£ٲȻһֺɨ˻ģϯϵơ
澳аˣԵˣٲսһʱѡӶݡ
ѪɫС߾ŭòԪ֮ӡ֪ҲϲǵĻ·
飡
Ѱֳ컯ɱֱӽѪɫСҵϡãŹʬ
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̡
ͷ澳а鱻
һн԰컯͡
ѰҪȥ׷ߵ澳аʱˡ
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ˣиϺͱֵܼҲΪˡ
Ͼһ֮ļҵףĿѰɱȡ
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ÿһﱦڣԴķᣬһǵȼֵ޷
ֲЩ׺֮ȺսɱǶõսƷ֮񣬾һ޷˿ܵջ󡭡
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˵Щ۱ϣҲ˵Щҩ䱦һԴѴﵽǧ֮
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ңεջУ̵飬ͨѴ´࣬ҲѰȥѼ
Ϊʡһʱ䡣
ʡѰϥأ֮ǰѪɫСǰŭ
⡰ʡ˭
òǱӡڷħеġʲ϶ɣ
Ѱ֮ǰһĻĻ
ǵãһĹعž̫ҽбһ࣬Դ˾ѹ
ǹžһϸԪѱӡ˰֮õĿֲڡ
ӻʲͼ㽫ʲΪ¡
ȴʲЦӲ֪ʲӦһ޷Ŀֲ
ѪɫСӵ澳ܵа顣
ܹʡģҲֻǱӡڹžĵʲˡ
뵽⣬Ѱ΢С
һϸԪͱӡڼԪдϹһǸǺεȿ£
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Ѱս̫ҳʱ֮УֳһɸߣħĿֲӰ
һ־ѣѳѳ澳ķ룬һǿգͷųܣ̫ҳϿյĽŽǵȻͻ⡣
ʱѰͲħӰͼʲôӡ
һͶе־ܾǱӡڹžĵʲϣ
ңѰһЩ̫ҳ˵Ĵš
УżǿߣޱȵĽһƽ⣬ͻûʬɽѪɱĿֲ󣬿֮
ѰޱȻɣ⽣ͽ⣬бڹž̫֮ҽ
һ뵽⣬Ѱһֲĸо
նȻ˵ζţϸԪͱӡĵʲܽҪƷӡˣ
Ļ޷أ
ֲöȻҪҾ뿪Ѿǰ֪һЩ
һ̣Ѱᶨ˾뿪ż˼ֻС԰ˡ

һƬ
žһڹž籡ɬ
һ࣬һбڵأȾѪȡ
ʣԪ֮ӡˣɡ
һȺӰ֣Ȼ֮ǰѰɱ֮ززͷ澳а顣
ڵִ˵غһڵأǫūҲκ֮ǰһһ˵
ãžȻӿֳţһĪϵı
ˣ
ѪɫСߵ֡
ǡһѪۿӰΪھֺͲˡ
˭룬žеδһ̾
ûи컯뺵ЩϸԪͱѹڴ˵ļһԣв
ǻ컯˭ںδžеʵ
飡
ѪӰ̧һףһӶڵϣȻ֮ǰ̫żͼѰٵǸһ
ʱǾ޴ɽǰսУߵһƴΪһ·
ɺȻûܳߣЩ澳аסˣУ²ʡ
ʣ˺ֳ컯ļһһģ϶֪Ǽһĵϸ
ѪӰ˵ţ͵һ£УǼһﻹڤظĴҵȣ
ڤظ
žе͸һĨɣԪѸɽ綼ٵڤظĴӴ㽫Ͷ뾮У꣬ȡ䡣
ǣ
ѪӰԶԶͶǹž
ͣ
бžһ̫ҽȻӳһƥɲĽ˲佫촷ۡ
ۼԪ񶼽ĨһֻҰ׵Ĵ͵شǹžұ̽ӵԪݺ߬ס
飡
նڲҰ״ϣ˺ѳһɼǵѪۣһ̣Ұ״־ʧ
žһŭޱȵƺߣ̫ҽʱԽ飡
ţһž
ƺžλֲڣѰԪеļ䡣
á
ǹžвŴһͳѰһش۶ѣҲ൱ϸԪʥɾȴӵܹԿ
˵ϸԪӵſԺԿܣ
˼


2505 еЦ
һ澳аڵأɪɪ
ֹǾηžзӡλֲڣɵбڹžһǱ
žУٶȴǳϵıʱѪˡ
أǾϣһõӰһϵˣϥ֡
һɬоҲǴд
飡飡飡
ڵصһ澳аʱ飬һһɻҝĺϳϵϵӿȥ
žһ࣬бڵص̫ҽƥ϶ϵնɱ
ϵ˵岻ѣֲۣ粻֮㣬ƾݺύأϥĪ⾭ġ
¡
ƬУ췭ظ
ڴ֪ĸʬǺѪˮܵǣ㣬˷һڹžķӿȥ
ʬѪˮڣ
Ĵ֮£޷ʬɺѪˮ͸ЩʬѪˮһֹɲžϵϵ˲ϼȡû
ʲô
ÿֲľ󣡡
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ʬɽѪˮ纣
ߣ
еһʱתߡ
ˡ
һɬо翴Щ޵߶Уȴƥ񽣣Ԫݿ飡
ͼѪͣɲǼ绯ľżܰ㣬оǣţž֮ȥ
⡭⡭Ϊǿĵ֮ɴʱҲǾ׹ߡ
һĻֲ̫ˣһоѣȴĨɱЩ۵Ԫȵ涼ܵԸӵش

ҪߣһоԪ񣬶ʱʣµԪըʧȥʶ
ţʬҲͬһ߿ܰ㣬žķȥ
ϣϣ
Ľڹžһ쳹ֲĽѹϼնɱž֮ϵϵȴȻ㣬岻ѣۣ𣬸
ΨоƬ쳹

̫ҳǡ
һϮ£ĳ׽ɫһص˼¡
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ʯϴ˿̻ûһĻĻѪȿֲĳйž籡ϵϥھڣоģбڵصɽ϶콣
ԶʬѪˮ纣˷
⴫бӡһаʲҪϧһд۴Ʒӡô
׽ӿ˵â
Ϊ̫ҳԴżޱĹصйء̫ҳǡ伮
˸һϸԪӴġҡǱӡڹžеһֲ飬һаĴڣ
ûгɣ׽´
ˣ̫ҳȫͨȫǣڽд٣Ҫ뿪ġ;뿪ɡ
ѡڴ˳ǣػ߾Աӻ
һ죬̫ҳĪѹַΧС
Ű׽һ´ܾڳеʮԭסԼ̻ڳе޵ߣԱĻ̿֡
Ȼдϯ̫ҳǣ
ڴµĵھŲأѵܱ˲ɣ
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ΪϢͨʮص·ѱżвϡ
ֻǵڰ˲أΨһ·
һЩǷΪǿ֮˿Ҳѣѡ뿪ٳɡ
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ǲ뿪ǵûͻŵִڰ˲أΪһ·ϣͬµա
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Ψһİģǳĳ˰׽ڣ
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׽Щεü
Ѿ̬ض߶Ȼɺ߾һ뿪ԾûУԽ
һһûıţֲǱŴġ
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οһɻûأЩڴżнļһﶼ£ҵʲôЦ˵
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ȻŲ豭һ٣̧Ű׽жǶ٣
׽Ц֪
ԭƶУһȻڽھͱϲˣԲŻͬжС
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ð׽ҲЩֲףΪǱӡڹžаʲ㲻ϧһеؽͼҪƷӡ
п϶ĳֱʣ
Ȼ룬ƽҾ͵뿪

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ѰϢڴ˳֣ƶϲȻǽŻڵĽС
зһ˿ϲɫ
һ·Ѱٶ죬ƾһʯӦڴԨϢ
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ս澳аϢҲ澳Ϣ˿ѰҲʲôա
Ŀɨܣһ۾Ͳ׽мֵ
̽һǡ
ݳ
ãô죬ҪСһЩżг̫෴ֻƵҪ߾衣
ݱ
һӿŻڡ

ʮŲʯ֮ϣ̫Ҵǰ
С԰Ӱ߳ɫϲɫȻʯľǻǳ
Ѱˣӭȥλǿµ뿪żˡ
С԰˽һ
ѰѾԼ֮ǰƲ˵
ô˵ֲڴżеа飬ǵ۽ף澳ǹžеĿֲƿأ
ﵹһʶء
һϸԪӴħͷȷһ޷Ĵֲó׽ԣһҼ̫ܲҳǣƶ棬Ǻȷ̫ˡ
С԰ɫҲ
ԣ֮Ǿ뿪ż
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һȻ𣺡Ҫ뿪ˣ
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ͼԶһȺӰХһڣƵʮˣǿκĲ
Ϊ׵ģԡݡݱ澳ڡ
ǵִһ޷ݵӴɱҲǵذ㣬Ƭ֣հ
С԰ɫ䣬û뵽뿪֮ʣȴһɱ١
Ѱüͬ⡣
веЦ
ûлЩУû룬Էˣ



2506 
ৣ
еĿ⣬ˢˢھʮŲʯ֮ϵѰϡ
ɱⲺ󣬻ܵõһ컯ҵѰٶա¡¡͸Ÿп
Щ죬ǱżУһֻΪɱѰ·;в֪ٻԵ
Ҳ
Ѱ㽫ĿΧڴˣоصƿ
֪ⲺΪУȴɺ˻һǴ𣿡
ĿӹѰС԰ɫƣкɭȻɱ
Ҳü͸Ųм⡣
ɫ粻С԰ȻϼһҲᡣ
˵ţһһɫگڶ𣬵תڿӿֳһڽɫıӡͼڣӡܣӿ޾ǿգ
ǿյӡ
һӣԵͫ
ǵˣݱü
ϣ
һӣҲӦ¶ݡ
һִĹŵ壬̼֮ۺϣ֮Ǵǿӡ
С԰ɫƽһȥٻ
ѰҲʱ֪ԭС԰ĸףԲϡ
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ݱüƬ̲˵ǾֻܽܣɱСٷ뿪
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ġңңۼ̣޷̸ڵȡ
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С԰Ҫ˵ʲôͱѰסһȺ֮˶ѣǷϻ
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ԶѰĻ޵ɫһòЦ
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ȫȻ
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ͫһκġҵĺҲΪ˸˲ٴۣκε޷ܾ
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ڣѳʧȥģڻɱѰʱطΪʬȡѪ
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ȣ
һ̲ʵıһãлǺӣǳֲ֮ޱߡ
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ɲǼѣ߾ѽϰٴΣõƬңݣ׳ʡ
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սУʢҫ۵ĴϯգӰ𡭡ѰΪģǧ֮ڣЩǿ澳
ÿһз֮ҴŸͨһʩչ֮£ͬһĵ棬¶ñâ
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̫ҴǰС԰Ķɫ䡣


2507 ɱ
Ѱվ̫Դˣݱһԣڴˣ
˵ԶűûѰв΢΢һ̾
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Ŀѡ
ҪǰȥȴС԰ֱסȳǰƬ̾ͻᱻɱǰװ
ѣԹۣˣеҲһЩɱﵣһƴ
С԰һȣһɱﵣܹƿһ·ھͶֻ֣öԷͽ䱸һɱ֮
˶٣һĨȻʱϺҵݣǶϲɱңҪģǺһӣӵԽԶԽá
һĻ᲻ףС԰ǴðΣѰ
ʣȴʶôվһ
ɫĮͭսꪺɨ۳ɷâɱС
һƽض
ݱһԲиɲǼϰٴΣʱ޾ǳХſɲɫ׵磬ǵأѰ
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˿ֲɱ£ǵ棬Ҳ䣬οѰأڴ̧ȥͼ˼һĻ
ŽӿС
ѰӰ֣ͷϣŵԨڣһī棬类ѹѾõԶޣٿӳͷųĿֲϢͽλĹɨһա


ϸԪʱ棬Ƭ
ƾ˻𣬺˷ǵȵҲ˲ٻյ𣬻ɢ
ܴ˿ͷųĽֻһƶѣޱСҲֲ㣬ԶԶ
һƼ֣绯¯޾񱩵ȺȻŷնٳɺڶŤѣ궼˲
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ͣ
𣡡
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ôܣ
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ͼǸԼѹױˣɫɽˮһĿʵֽۡ
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У

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ڴʱѰѱ
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ۣ
ݱԪ񣬴м䱻һΪȻûڿɲĽ֮С
һͲһ˿;澳ȴһƼյǣԪֱնɱ
һŭУ˶зĸо
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֮ѣǿ
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û𣬿ȴû˰Եģȫǵ֪
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ಣ
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ͣ
ԲǾþɳһ֮棬ȻУһɲǼ䣬ȻӦʮͭܡÿһͭУӡŽӲȫһ
Ѱʱֲεȳ̶ȣ
Ԩ߱ġƿһ֮Ȼǣ
꣡
ֻʮӡŽͭܣм価ѿ·𱻼üƲ㣬ջ
¶һ˿Ȼ
Ȼ󣬾ʹüͷֳһ˿Ѫۡ
˿Ѫۣʼֻüͷӵӡ°͡ţȻ󵱿շΪ룡
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֮Ϯѿ嶼ٻһ˿Ҷûʣ¡
ܡ
ⲻģ
Զ޵ߣһ̶оҪ˰㣬һңɫȻ޷һС
һĻȷֲ̫Ѫȡ
ݱ䣬Ծͽգ۶ѣ㷴Ӧ
ԭΣͷӪѰС԰ǣ㱡



2508 
һƼȴųĻȺλش
ҲѰɳ֮Ⱥɱݱԡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬ⵽شĺݣ׵߾ȫ߶һУܣͼӴܡ
Ѱɿܸᡣ
ڻɱ֮ɣϣӰԨȫϣݺɱ¡
䣡
ѣ޹⡣
ѱյüƣǧٿ׵ĨƵģɱȻȫֿҲܲסԪֱը
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ǰǰ󣬲Ųλ½ѣǿֲһĻĻԵúܲ˼顣
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𣬰ȸ˵ԶԲﶼвĿ
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Ѱٶȣε֮죬ֻУһİ׺ۣ˸⡣
ۣۣۣ
ָ֮䡣
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ϣţ֮ձصʮٱ𣡡
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Ѱˣ
Щ޵߷Թйĵķŭ;Ƶġ
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ʵϣǰѰߵͷ澳аһʱС彫֮£ԭΪ˵ͷЩа顣
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⡭

֮ǰԹΪѰ޷׷ɱ޵ߣ˿ȫɵۣ뵽գ۵ĹǾҲݴ֮У
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ʵϣҲֻһ֮ŻᱻѰضԴһ֮֮µĽɫѼܹѰˡ

⡣
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ΪѡȥԿóźεȴѹ
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Ѱ֮ǰķƶϣеܲ
ȷ뾡뿪ֻԽԽء
ѰӿĹɫҲز١
ΪѾż䣬ע֮أɱΧ
򣬼޷뿪


2509 
ڳˡѵǺܾã
ֻǣѰչжԶŨŨɷУʹһĴȡ
羪ף쳹ء
ʱһǿаӼԶϢһɺϯʱ¡¡졣
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2510 Ƿɽܶ
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2511 һ
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2512 
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ѰҡҡͷתС԰ȥ
żе飬Ѻ޹ء
֮ǸϽ̫ҳǡ

̫ҳǡ
壬ѹޱȡ
ЩڵĴżеĻһᲨ̫ҳǣв֪޵ߴҴ뿪
Щμ޵ԡѪɱΧ̫ҳǺ󣬴Ϣ˸оźͳء
ǽգǴżеɱ¾ǵأѪ֮ϣ˻ŭ֮쾪ס
̫ҳУԶԶظܵǵȿֲĻϢ
˶о·Ҫˡ
˶û뵽ǣʱƣһѪȶĻңδӴżӳ
ңسȥ
ͬʱԽԽ߻ŷء
ǽԸе⡣
ս׼ĳ׽û뵽һԾͽϯĻңûȥ
˵ĸоδЩСˡ
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ʲôѰһǣսа飬Щ߽˻ŷصĻ᣿
ѰڴżܵΧϢ̫ҳǶУš
Ѱأ
ҲڹעѰİΣ


2513 ϯ
̫ҳ𶯣
ҿѰɥڴżУǶ֪ʱĳε׳ۣǵصа飬緢һһˡ
һĴۣһ¥ип
û취ʱҵҲԹ˲ϾȥӪȡ
˵ЩܻŷأӦȥмѰһǣ˾ˣһܹ뿪żߣ޼
̸ʱ̫ҳǲͬط
Ѱþδʶ̫ҵľ۴ۣڴżС
ꡣ
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УһЦĸͲԵģк³ˣ
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Զ貪ȻŭָǻӴ
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ġᡢҵǿߣƺûһŷصġȻȻڡ
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򲻽ЦǶϲġ
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ӵʱĿһı顣
֣ѼôУ۷⣬ĵϲá
ԱߵĶȻǷһĨȣҲһһȻǰ׾ͳµġ

˵аΧòӲɱһѪ·
䶯˶۾
һ̣̫ҳУ֪жע⵽һĻԾǰ֮£ܻ
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ৣ
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ЩԶǿ߶Ѽһ˻ǿȴȫûˣ
ܣǻɫ䡣
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Ц֣Ȼ㵱ѣŻĺ⣬ȰȻһ׮ϲ£ߣǺúףһ
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ʵϣڵ죬ѰĹԼйǿȫûϢ籩㣬ϯ̫ҳǡ
Ѱţѿ漣޵߾һŷأ⡭ôоʵ

ǿߣݺεǿλһ֮һھ۴۸档
Уѿݡ
ƫƫأǿһȺˣһ
ѰɵģϾ֮ޡ
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ɺܿܵ˲⣺
ЦѰΧУܹŷؾܻȥɱˣֱҵ٣
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ԲĹҲҪǰԤ

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¥˶һ̳ó˵ǴϸԪľƷǺܾǰһλżĴżȻ֮һеõ
һϯѰ۽磬ǿչŵɸûʳģ˵Ʒζˡ
ϯϣｻڡ
ΨȻһˣЩĲɣֱϯʱȻٱңңѰЦִˣһ
ѰӦѩ׵Ķ쾱һ
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ˣȻЦ˫гһٴεһƣ˵һҡ
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һͼһƥӣ֪ʱѳڴС
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С԰򶼲Ƶ¶ļɵɫɲ
ѰͫҲ΢΢һ
ˣΣգ
ΨȻ¶һ˿ײΡ


2514 Ļ
ռž
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һнͻأӡ
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ϳԷݣɫؽţЩн;η֡ؿ
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費֮ܳУҲ֪ң
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ʱ˭ˣǲǰȴȫûָ̬
ͲܵҰһϯúóꣿ
˵ʲôȻȻڣ͸䵭
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òִǣװɣȻЩơ
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ʱʧڴ⡣
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ѰһҲЦˣˡ
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ӶʱˬһЦȥڴ𣬡סҽĻڡ
ڻص뿪
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ૣ͸ſȣԼĵľ֪۵棬ǼңǱչ˲֪µ游Ҳػһʱӭӣ
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С԰ҲԾȻҲ˵һЩš
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賤̾ڵ򣬿Ѽ㹻һڳ澳̤ϲ;֮󣬸Ϊ෨򷢳
ڵڰ򣬸׾Ʒ
ǰڣ˵ˣǵؽҲһЩ壬ΪĳѪͻ
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ңһϸԪӴ֮顰˫
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̫ҳǣɾͲȫˡ
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Ѱξܾˡ
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֣Ҫౣأ˵׼ԺЩУǻܹ档С԰ǳǳЦ
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׽ϵЦһ͡
Ҫ˵ʲôڣĻ΢΢һЦͶȻһʧ



2515 е
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׽ڱüĬѩ׷ڷƮҷ𲻶
κ˶ĻڵĵϸҲĻǺεȿµһ
ԼʱǫѷԼΪ
ɰ׽֪ĻУԼ˲ʲô𣬲ᱻӣᱻĶԴ
زʣΪۻ
仰˵νʣҲνʣۻһûвġ
ڰ׽Ļھһ̬
Ϊ㹻ǿ
ǿ󵽾۵֮µ޵ߣǱ΢ϣǿĵ۾вʲô
ˣȴ뿪ʱȴͻȻ˵һ仰ð׽⣬ǳԾ
ʲôԭ򣬲Żһǿչŵ˲⣿
׽²͸
ҿ϶¶ϲΪȻ
ĻڵΪˣҲܻΪԴףŮ˶ɱ
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ɡ
ʲôԭ򣬲ŻĻڲɱ
Ĭá
׽һ̾һĨȻ

С԰ǴǱѰؿջ󣬲һʱͼԨѹе˳
֮ǰڴżУɱ޵ߺΨѹΪģ˽һЩйصϢ
Ϣ٣ſڵأ޳ļ年ճߡ
ѰòϣŮ˵ɫڣѩ޾ףֲûٺġ
ȻˣİɡѰһУ̬Ȼ
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ĬƬ̣ӵɫ԰ףϢ˥һһɴݡ
֪С֮ӡѻ꣬Ҳͽ͡ѰĿ⿴ȥԴ
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޷ѻ꣬޷ˡѰٺ㱻ɱģΪļΪǰң
һЦ㲻ԣǷ
ѰЦֻһЩ޹ؽҪˣ㲻ǰʵϣҺǧսУҿ϶ǲԸҡҶԣζиĻ˽⵽һЩ֪顣
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ⷴһĻ鲻һ޷һУϣΪĸҿԸȡһᣬֻҪ㽻ͨؾҷңѵǴ

ѰЦȴ¶ȣֻһƬµ⣬ҳһ̣ҾͻٵԭӵеһУ㻹֮ǰУҾѱ̣
׸ճʱԴͱߣĸʧ٣òױ¹ϣǵĳ֣ȴٵһƬɽ¹Ҳ֪֮١
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𣬻ۣǷ硢峾̫̫ˣ
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ˡ
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ɫݣ̸ЦѰĪأиֳһ˿Ʋסĺ⡣


2516 ׶ε츳ͨ
侲˺ܶࡣ
ѰǾشۣڴżУһ֮塢ġҵĵ棡
ңԨ츳ִͨؾлŵִĻᡭ
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֮ţҲסɱ۵ͨ췢ĴЦ
ɵһֻŸŻڣһããϢĵٿ֡


ѰԺĻ涼֮ըƳܲסֲֳޱȵ
Ѱľ飬ʹɫһ䡣
ֻһӡĻѣȴɳǵȿֲܣ֪һڵӵǺεȲ˼飡
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һȭܣʱ⣬УԵò˼֮
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ıһֲײԨϣԨҺҡҡλΣɳȥ
ѰֻѪڣʹƺ߳
ӦҲ죬һʱܡ
ֲĹȴޱȿɲڣƾܣ޷ѡ

춯صײܹһްĹ콣䣬ܼ籩꣬г֣˷ϮԨϣŽ
˿̵ѰԵЩǱҴգڱռȻÿҪסӰͻᱻѵĽѹȣԵޱȱ
Ԩֵ¸ܲסһͻأ׶µĴɱ


2517 Ĩ
䣡
ڿջеĽڵһʱͱ飬ŽĹϯ
ţջȻըҫ۵Ľܼ磬īҹɫУӿֶ
ޱѤãҲޱȵĿֲ
һ󾪿ֵļУ֪޵ܵţԶӴܶȥҡ
ܿ죬Щͱһ춯صײѹס

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ʱһֱ뱻ѰڽסӰ䣬תƥâεӰԣ뵵⣬һںصĴԨ
ͷϣԨתͭ¯ǴէּĽһһѹĥ
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ͻأأԨӳһڵնԶ
ڿջԶһݣսʱܵ˲̶ֻӡ
ԨնǷȻ˺ѳһ޴Ĺֲ֣ޱߵĽ⣬Ǹնѹȵڱը
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ѰЦܲɣҽǧսȺɱĴ֮̿ͣǰһкףڵ˪ǲţȥһ飬ԺǷ񻹻֡
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ѰȰ㻹ǲҪΪѣ˭ùͳɫѿ
ѰִԿǾֻʣһѡˡ




2518 ټ׽
ѹֵӣ糱ˮɱ⣬ȻƬء
Щɫأޱȼɵɲκ
ףǳΪһ˾ѲԼƿء
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׽Ŀ⿴Ѱ
ʱȥ
ҸطǺ׽
Ѱ룬ͷӦ

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סҽĻڡ
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ѰȴʶǸˣǫӣȴѶԼɱġ
ϣûԵ޹ʵĶбԭ򡭡Ѱ׽뿪ʱ˵Ļ˼С
ãоһתȥ
ȸ׼һݺĻйصϣԽϸԽá
ҹɫУѰڱڳнֵϡ
֪˽˵ģȸ졣
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ڴżУջ˴սƷ㽫Щɲóıȫۡ
áȸӦ
ҹȥ̫ҳӭȫµһ졣
Ѱһջһʱǰͨĵ۽а̵齻
ĻɫӣѰĿɵǾη
׽ȷϣʶ紫Ŀ̿˪ǱѰɱ
ҲѰʱ˿
ܿ죬ѰȡһŲƵŷֱ뿪
·衣
ǧս̣עкңԶ
Ѱԣ̫ҳǽֻһϵһذ·ϣӭʤպս
Ѱη塣
죬뿪
ɱˡ
شĳĿѰӰʧ󣬽Զ鲻Խ˿
Էп֮ɫ
һǿչŵˣȴܹ˴ͷгһգִܹ磬ָųεҫ۵Ĺâ
ѰѰЩӴżзصġᡢ֮ˣǱһ˰ɡ
żһƽĻңǷҲйأ
Σڴŵִһ졭
׽һͷѩ׷ڷƮ



2519 ʮ ǰ
Ѱ뿪̫ҳǵĵڶꡣ
żУһϸԪĻױ
žһ̫࣬ҽϣ֮쳹ǿС
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а顢ʬѪˮԻˮһΰӰûһա
󣬿һĴżҲѱ飬׻ҳʧ硣
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Ҳڵ죬ھŲأѪȵĶУƬǿնȾ죬֪ǳը
˭Ҳû뵽ʲа֮ʢ̧֮䣬ǳѹ
һƽ٣ʹͿ̿
Ʋ⣬ϸԪͱӡаѳ澳֮ϣھжǿû֪
̫ҳѣ᧿Σ
׽ȫǵĽҲֻ֧˲һʱͱʲаһƴһϡ
ټ̫ҳǣû˷
ۼھؾͽһĿֲǶ͵ʲаսǿ֮ϡ
ǰ׽Ԯ
һǰѰǲμʱΪ׼
һտʼɳʯŭţѪɫգǿ֮ϴսңʱʱбǳȾѪˮ׹䡣
״꣬û˿ԽӽһλͼѼа֮ѪóȻսıԵشͻҷ
Ϊһսѳ澳Σǲ;֮ϵĿǰ׽Ҳûвʸ
ѪɺӣȾ棬̫ҳķѣһ棬Ưա
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˵ʲа񱻷ʬʮ飬һڲӡߡ
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ЩѰսϣ·;Ҳ˲̸ɫľˣΪɱĶ̫ˡ
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ԴǧսȺ¹ڴˣܹŵִģȴǧһ
һ·ϣѰ޾ηսУ䷨ĬĬУʾعӡ
˾ˣ㾲УǰС

ʮ
һƬʥϢС
һǳ̳¶ɵĵ·һ磬ͷ
·ʮ·価ͷǵʮŲأ
һȺҫ貵Ӱ֣һɢѤǻԵĵ·ʱ¶֮ɫ
һȺ·ߣǧս꣬˪Ѫȣڻŵִ
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ָ꣬ɣձص֤ڲ֮ϣ
ЩӰпһϢֱֲʮ·ɫڴͼ
֪䣬ʮ·ĵ羭ƹ񽲵ඥѡ
ǰǻˮöͨҰضһɳǡ
ǵ˶ˡ
Ϊ˳ǣ졣
Ǵǧսʮأͨһؿ


2520 ӿ 
ǻڣ
ʮ·ͷųΰ׳ԶʤǰκһΪһء
ɣ˸ĹԼһ㰵ɫĹθ֣Ѫ㡣
ݴ˵ǹսǿʱµĵѪвѪ
ȻѸɺԣɢȻǳرȻɱڣɽӽ
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ÿһǿĲ
һȺ貣żӰִһĻʱͫ侲
Թ񣬵ܹǧսģǵ۾֮ϵĿɲڡ
ܹӵһأһ·ʹյִʮŲصģǵ۾׿ĸһĺˣ
λصģǺطһ¾ɱ¾ĴħͷֻҪܻŵִ˵أͲᱻӣᱻͨ˵ɫ
Թ񣬳ǾһɣֹֹɱͳͻҼĴһɣҲؽ⵽ѹ
زһάϵǹصģǳһ֮顱
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УЩ޵߽Է
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2521 Ż
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֮ǰѰڿͳЦֻɵѰ֣һӾˣֱ˲ݡ
ѰҵţͽִﳯǵϢȥ
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õЩ˲šΪЩʵѪҺ̺ǿʢ
ѰҲԼ֣¾ǳŻϣҲûˡ



2522 Īĵ
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ʱսҲ˳Ŀ⣬Ѱʱк䶯

û뵽Ȼеӳڴˣһˡ
һʱ䣬䣬ѰٲȻΪĿĽ㡣
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ѰȻ紫ǰ޼ɣϼҵвУ



2523 Ծͷ
вֱɱ˵ĿⶢѰһ˸޲ýѰǧƵġ
ǳǣߵ족ڣû˸Զ֡
ԲҲУ
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2524 
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2525 ǧ
壡
Ѱͫ΢УĸִĶⲻ壬ŵڰʮͷ֮һĶϡ
˲òɣһǷԶϵָʹ
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2526 ؤ
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ֻǶԸһѰѣλǰٶǣս֣ڡ
һбУɵһͷҷƮɢǹһĨĻȡ

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ֻҪߣ˵ʮһٺһǧҲȸ


2527 Գƾ
˵ţѰסؤ첲Ŀߣ׼һż䣬õľƲ
ִˣòһԾưɣǰʱҲ˿Ծƣɡ
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ѰһĬò˵ʦ壬ʦ˵ܼ㣬ͰǿչŵΪǿչŵġ·ˡҷ紫˵ʦ֡
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ⷴһĻѰЩڴ
ʧǣһ̿վµʲôʦʲô·ˣоҪôǲҲһƭҲҺȾˣ
Ѱһ̾׷̽
һӣϵľͳͳÿվˣ͵ǰסѰȣƣҵľƣҪȾƣ
ѰȻӿֳȾƣԼ߽
վ̧ͷϲ㲻ƭң
Ѱͷ
ҽȥ죡վе
ѰһƬ⡣
ڴʱһεȻ䡣


2528 ᴩżѺ
Ϣ֣ѰʱȻ
һ޷ݵвһʺһӣܽԼĨɱ
壡
ƾӵо۰ص۾ΪǰҲͬݽ㲻
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սڿˡѰҲп
˵ĿȺͼһ侲һʷǰĿԵ
ͬģذɱ٣


2529 ɹ
һ˼ʱѰⲽȥ
С԰Լηֿж
ԭܼ򵥣Լϵɱ٣ǣ۵ˡ
ৣ
⣬ѰӰһǿ֮ϣ̤Уżȥ
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ҲҴˣһʶݣЩĶ֣»ô˻ͺԥ֡
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߰ɣ뿪Ƭطһжָ

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죡⡭ʲô
ǴϸԪߵɹ𣿡
㣡
ԶУһ󾪺͸ż˷ܣƷʲô˲õľ
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ûãǰӾȻһ䣬ããϡܹԶľ
ӳģһƶ֮ϵɹɽɣͷųͻɹ⣡


2530 ͥ
ǵȷһɹ߸֮ϣͨԡҫ۵ɹУش¡
Լ䣬ܿɹһɽ͵ҡ
ͥ
ʯϣֱ׭вӲӷĴģֱǣ
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2531 
һ仰쳹ȫ˽һͱƵģһŭ˷ֱָѰһˡ
ǻòͷˣ
λɶˣһԼ
ʹѰһۿα׵ģ
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ʱţԽԽ޵ߴǰãã߳ʮС
Ѱע⵽˳Ըȴжʱ⵽һ赲䲻òֹ
Ȼʮ֮䣬ǻŵġ
Ҳζţ֮սʼҪԵĵˣϵ޵ߡ

أһ쳹
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ʱ䣬ʮǰһսŵĳѹ㣬һɲãĶս֮Ǭ
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2535 ǵ
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Ѱ̤նļµĴԨУһȥ
ƾնһռ佣⣬ǵصĽҫգռ䡣
粻һļѰһ̤飬ϣҲԱԨס
йսߣ˿̽ԺȻʧɫ
ʲôܳһ۰شϣ
һɲе֪Լٹ̰뷨һֱ׵߸ĸо
ʵǣ޷󣬵֮ǵɿܻᱻԽɿܻᱻƣ
Ҳ޷ɫǰأ͸֮ɫһн߾ȫݣ⽻׵Ŀռ佣
ӵĿռŵĻ꣬һصĽɽÿһĨɱЩµ޷
ЩɱԱѰһһ߽
뿴һλԵĽжͣǸڡ
Ѱ䣬̬ݡ
ң뵱꣬ھص۾ʱܹȥͺ˷սʱ򣬽ֻǶս޷ɱԷ
ʮһȫһֹ̤۰ص۾ǰ򵥣ӵӲУѹͻɱĵ̡
ʲôǵʲôϣԣѲ谭
ⲻܣȻǵʮ۵棬ڰص۾ΪʱҲû֮㡭
һ˿ңɫ࣬ţ˵
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ϣһ̣ϾǳҪˡ
ȴѰǷһĨڽȣһ̣ͱ˷Χ£ϵ·ȫ
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һɱŭΰ㣬ϵӰȫָĵû
ͻһĻٶȳԤϣ𾪵ĴҲǽӶ
ŭԶޣӰòɱΧʱǻԡѪƣǱ֮
ҲڴʱѰƾճ֣ԴԨԲ˼ٶȴ̳
ۣ
һѿռ䣬ϸɱΧʹü֮ء
һ㶣üֱӱᴩȻͷ­ը塢ڿֲһһ±ըһѪɢؼ䡣
һӳһɱ棡
赭дһ˿̻̽ȡ㡣
ҽУͻҷ𣬱ãã⳹Ĩ䡣
̫ˣ
ѪȵһĻһǾ쾪ףͻأը䣬Բ
˿̣ϵ£һƬž
Щսߣɫ͡


2536 Ļ
һ֮ϣȻˣ
йսߣţЩԴǧǿһȻ֮ɫ
֮ǰʩչĽ֮ǰǿͿֲκ澳֮µĴھ
ȴѰһɱ
񲻴ţѰʵѾﵽѹ澳ĵزˣ
ԺУ˲ðͷ
˶Լ뷨һ
һ֮ͬǵ񣬼ܺ˵Խ˾罫ɱˣ磬Щųƾľ۴ۣ¶δܰ쵽һ
Ѱȴˣ
һǵڽմһļ¼
ھ䣬ɾƾ¼ţΪһ档
ʱЩ˽ɥ޷һС
ˡҲˣڣӪǿĵҲˡ
ǻʲôȥѰжԣ
һ˵ıߺ;Щӣɫң
ȫžѻȸ
ѰսƷǱŽУϧ
˽ףȴ˵Ի٣ʵϧˡ
˵̧־ͽ˽׽Ԩ˽ȷٵȴ̻һƲʵϢҲɵϣԨ
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ʱ򣬵ѰżʱǻеţΪѰֱǵ죬Ϊ˻ԵҲҪˡ
ûʲô
ڣǲףż˶´ˣѰǵ󵽲֪޿֣
һжѹ棬ʲôɾģ
ɹǰ˸ֹصƣ֮սϣصĻᱻΧ
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ڳ޵Ҳɫ죬ûԸʱȥаѰ
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ѰЦǸҾҪ۸ǣҪôҪô̭ܸϾɱһȻá
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Щ˴˿̵Ĵ侽ȣɱϾǵ򶫻֮һݡ
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λ⣬ĳԩ޳֮ˣĳԲΪѡѰ˵
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ǺܲȷǷѱѰǵжԵΪ
ΣЩжѰ޵ߣõѰı֤󣬽Է׷ſʼչ֮սˡ
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ĿһУѰҲпżûдʲôޱȵɱ٣ɽ֮սò뵽е޵߳
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ЩҵĴԼһϵľž档
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Ȼ˶ԣ֮սѿպͲпˡ
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˸ս֮ϵ߿ǳֻʣһţŽ԰޹⡣
Ѱδжһֱڵȡ
Ѿ۲һǳʮʱҲһʱ䡣
Щɲжһʱж
һֻҪսϼһӣֱӽ
ʱЩˡȻǵսҲûжʱˡ
Ͼһ֮ս͵ڽˡ
ʱһһţЩԣʱֱһĪļ尾ľܵ޾ĥ
кܶΣǶ޲óս¾ҲҪѰһ
գǻûô
ΪĻľͺûʲô𡭡
ۼʱҪĻЩ˶һֱı֮С
ҲڴʱѰˣһþʤ޵뿪ֱս
ʱоĵģȺ۽ε̾Ϣһ̳һµ뷨
û취Ѱ̾
Ѱż֮⣬Ĳܹ߳Ҳɣ
һ̣һ̲סеıƺͷŭԹ
΢
Ѱԣȷһصв
ܻŽܻ뿪ǡǺǣɰϵ泹׶ˡ
ѰԹЦ
עס϶ᴫ￪ʱ¶֪ЩǺεȾȺǱ
ˡ
ܿ죬һ٣ûսѰֱӻһöŷսĽЮţʧ
Ŀ뿪Ⱥ۽һ̾
ϣʣµһǳҲװȥ
һ֮սʹĻ



2537 Ͷͱ
ѰӰһ̨ϡ
Ұããǰϼ
ûãһ쳹Լ䣬зӿֳһõľᣬչӿֳɬصĴϢ
Դ䣡
Ѱһ𣬴žģ
ڽż֮ǰ˵ϸԪѡ֮սУлþʤ֮ˣԿɻһ
һͥġԴ䡱
ţɵĴܸ٣ɽǿǧֵУųɽ㷨ŵԴͷ
ϸԪͥͳԦߴڣ׫ⲿԴ䣬ɽһ
վǴţѰû뵽ϸԪ˲֪£Դȴš
ѰһĸӦ
ԴɷɿپŴԴݾŹ֮£ɵ޽ɸƿؾűС
ǳ飬ɲǳ֮ǳ뱾Դ֮飬ֺųǳ֮飬һ
ħɷɣħħ֮ħ֮һתִƻ̤֮أ޷졭
ۻʵ
һɵߴϢ糱ˮӿѰͷɰǧ˸ӳ֡
һɲѰʶԼֻҪʶһִռݣһͻ
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Ѱľ侲ѩûܵһִջӰ죬ʼҵ;
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翱һҵϣڷʶһǡԴ䡱ľϡ
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һջ󣬸ѰȥѡҲ컯һġԴ䡱Ƹܵĳֺ
һ̣Դеͻһ⣬Ǿ룬컯ĻС
Ѱʱס¶֮ɫ
ð죬Լˣ컯ųɵάϵɽǧŰ޵Ĺת
Դ䣬ųɽһߵ䣬ɵ㴫С
ɴ֮ޡΪԴȪҲվ޸֮ľˮϸƼԱƿأȴѷǡͳԴ
ѰѡһŴҲֻǲеİںƿصĴнãŴƥɵע޷ƿصġ
컯ĴڣɿԽԴ䡰ںˡ⣬Ϊ̻ģɵ
ԴеκһִУԿԴ컯еõ֮ϵĴ£
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뵽ЩѰҲףΪ컯һͻǰ׵Դ䡰Ͷͱˡ
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ûã컯һ׹⣬Ѱڡ
ã֮սĻʱ̣ѽ޵ߣѻýڶءС
Ļ޳ɹ¾ٵòԴĽˡ
ৣ
ܿ죬һ̨֮ϵѰϣһӰʹǵ̨ʧ

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Ϸɶɫ˵ɣɶֲǹϵ
Ҳ֪Ѿ޷ֲֻܼȥһжĻʱлɱѰĻᡣ
ȻǰѰûѡ֮սС
ڶشڡ̫ɾУ޳ɹЩǿߣԽнһԣ˽֣˽
һϵĻ߿ʱ죬Ψл֮ˣлءʶɱУѰɲܹ
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۪еһ
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ȻһͷҰףӰ̤һȾѪ֮ϣϢֲ
ƾ΢
һĲ
һǵУϷɶɡ桢۪֮̾ϵĿֲڣ


2538 ֮
ƾ΢һ仰˽ĬȻ
żеġزء˶ģЩ֮ԳڴˣɾֻΪˡ
ףǵĿֻһ
Ѱ
ǸԵķɽˣ
ֻҪܽ£飬ǴҪ

̫ɾ
һãƵɽƣҰռš
Ũ֮ؼɽ֮ȴκ飬Ҳʲôҩ
˵ĸоͷ·һŵż

һ̶ޱȵײȻƬɽļžţ޾ԳһɽͶȻ촷ۣĻ㣬񱩵ս˺ѡ

һѪŽĿġ
Ѱ䣬һף۾룬ԵƥĽڶԷǸӳԪ񳹵ûת˲һա
һѰһӣԷսƷ𣬶һʱͻһ⣬ʧƬããɽС

Ѱһһöɹ۶ɵŷֳŷ棬Ѫɫۼʺȼ
ţղǱɱĿӣĵս
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ѾʼϤĹ
ڴ˵أ˽֣˽Ϳ˭ջ˭ֻΪԷ
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Ϊ죬ɱԽ࣬ζսԽߣڶؽսԽߣõĽԽḻ
Ѱ˽⣬ϸԪġѡ֮սУһΪѪȺͲпһء
ܹ̫ɾĽɫ֮սþʤĺݲӣÿһԵпɲԡ־սֶκ;飬ԶȺףֲ֮
Ѱ֮ǰɱ֣Ǿ۰صĺˣһһ֮棬ǿ֮ĸڴǧս򣬶Ľɫ
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һӡšìͼڣϢɬˣֻ飬ͷųڡìһɱС
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֪˰ױȻ֮εȾˡ
ЩСӣҶѽľ㸡꣬Ƿȱĥ˰ױЩһۡ
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ֶοԶԸӣСʻ괬ȻҪԸԲֻܽǹһ
˵⣬ҧӨ˵ĺ촽⣬Ҿȥϡ۪һжΪΣ
⡭ǷЩСˣѰսޱ죬пвٵƣɱ棬ֺξѰ
ԥ
˰ױ͵ЦǰһѩױҲһӿεЩ˵ĶɳǻԸϽŲĿ⡣
ɱﵣѰûУˣǷ紫ˣһ·ܺʮŲأǰ׶ԸģϼѾˣҿɲǹصޡ
˵󣬹˰ױüѷһĨء
һеϢʵ֤ԸѰԲκεĴ⣬ܶյκεĵ͹
һĲʹѵǰ֮
ˣЩûзԵ
˰ױҲǵһʱͿʼȡж޳ָ£һ鴫Ѷõŷ顣
ৣ
һ֮ɵ磬ٿ񷣬̻ըһƵĹʧ˷



2539 Ѻ׷ɱ
̫ɾܹ󣬺һû
һ֮ս󣬴ʮսн̫ɾ޵ߣʮһֻǧˡ
̸׳ۡ
Ҫ֪Щɶս϶ȡʤĴڣһǵ۾֮·ϵľ뢺Ͱ
һЩ澳ڣǳȻ
˵ǧ޵УΪ͵Ҳžص۾
ȻܹԾص۾ΪþʤĽɫζսעޱȵͱ̬
ʶһУֻѰޱȾͽЩ罾ƥԵĽɫҲһõ͵̡
̫ɾķΧøѹ֡Ҳˡ
ʱͷųѶ󣬹˰ױһ˽ȴһӣͼԶ£½ӳֳһҫ۳ʢĶݹ⡣
ЩݹŲգٶȼ죬գۼѣѾ˹˰ױǱƬɽش
ӳֳȺӰֱ۪һһǿߣһʮˡ
ټϹ˰ױǣϣѴﵽʮˣ
̫ɾһκǿŷӵĿݡ
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۪һΪ׵һӿڣ˱ͦǹؼ䣬㣬ת֮ޱȡ
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ԴǼ䣬ź
û˵ɫ䵭Į޲Ȼ۪ˮ顣
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˵ţѵȴ·
ǽ޳ԼӰԶȥɤ۶һ󷢸ɣ̿ˮ
һӰѣȴȻ
˰ױ۪ˮһ˵ݺƺƵ侪ˣסŸչжã;;һЩ޵ߣע
֮һˣҪȥԸѰ
˶ԶԶģ𵴡
ȻҪԸѰҲֻǵȾˣŻʦڣԸһˣˡ
һĲҰܣ˾ӣҲҵˡ
˵Ѱ湻µģһ˶ѣսɱЩֻܵͷ
𣬵Ҷڲж󣬽ԵһʱԶԶ˱ܣҿΨֱ
֪̫ɾ˽
һ˳ָˣǿɾֵ̫ˡ
Щ޵ߵ뿪ҲǽϢ˳ȥһ꣬ϯ̫ɾ
ѰǿһĲҰܣģ˭һΣյĶ֣Գ
۪ϡϡͬǳصģĻԺɨ̫ɾӡ
ڣѰ֮䣬ͽһɱ٣벻Ŀѡ

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̫֮ɾҪû˸һط̫á
ΪǿֶΣҲᱻطŵĶ̽ѰͲʱ뿪Ծˡ
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֮ǰڲǱĹ˰ױһ˺һʱ뿪Ӱ˸Ϣããɽ֮ǱС
ǶһЩϮɱ٣ͬҲѰ
ţܿ죬ѰȻ㣬ͣУǧ֮һվɽɽ
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βż޵ߣӴѰǰʱҲֻǽЩжԼһһμǡ
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ʱԸѣҲѰʼ⡣
֪ԸͨһĺݽɫڵִﳯǺ󣬸ǽ˽ս֮ϡ
ܹһѣ֪̫ɾУһЩܱԵĿ¶֣
Ѱڻû˼濼Щ
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۪ϡϡϾˣ
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Ѳ˲ʩչһܷжϳһıӵķ򣿡
۪ˮɿʵ
ӶõǷô䱾ϢͬһԴ޷жϳ𡣡
˰ױԼ׷֮ţ£ҲеЩˡ
ǾͷֿжһĬԵ뿪ڡ
뿴أǷֿжеڱֶ֮׷䱾𣬶вҲ͵Сһ롣
˰ױü両һĨ
ԤϵѰöԸȴû뵽ֻ׷ٶԸֵּ״


2540 
˰ױһձóƲ٣˶û뵽Ѱթ
ͬģһ֮ػ٣ɱҲøס
۪ˮôɣҴ˺Ͱױǵһжִǰһ򡣡
벻ÿɷ
˰ױȴԣһǺһжȽϺá
Ųң
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˰ױЦٻ⣬תΪԺˮֵӦԸҺ֣ܱ֤һʧ
˵ţһںڵ޽׸۪ˮǶ޵ıǣƾ˱ɸӦѰϢ
۪ˮУһ棬ߵǾһԣ˭ɱСı𣡡
˵գ˺Хȥ
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ޱңұء
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˰ױĴɵ˽ѰϢսӶԷΪΣյĴС
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Ժ۪ˮ˰ױҲ⣬ʱ˵ˣ޷жϳһѰӵķ

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Ϊһ棬۪ˮһ˲ȴܵһɼ޷ĽƲϢ
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ͻһĻ̼۪ˮ˽ëȻͷƤըʶ
ɲǷӦٶ䷢



2541 
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۵۾شڣһޱȣ֮ҲѶãսǿᡣ
ĵһʱ䣬תΪʶҪ߶ȫнз
Ȼһ˲һȭͷ콵ɽͷһĵкͷֽ˲䱬飡
۪бҪʱһȭ
飡
ͷ­šһֱ߰㣬һȭԴݿ֮飬ɲȭŽѪ궼

̡۪
۪бһľ۴ۣΪ۾Բز۪һһ飬ϱأΪƾĵУϣȥıȡһ֤۵
䷢ĵһʱ䣬ƾΣյıܣԥҪܡ
Ȼ˷УȴȻӿֳѵĽǵذ㣬Ƿ˾޳Ӱȫû
¡
羪װĽУ۪̱ն飬ܵһп٣ʬ޴档

۪ͩ
ֻһִһľž棬һĪĵۃ٣ޱȡ
ȴ˲䣬ͱһ¯ҵϡãۃٱ飬Ҳͬһʱɢ
ˣλ۪Ҳ׷ױУҪôɱҪôӡ飬Ҫôȭɨ
һУͬһʱ䡣
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Ӷɶ޸صⷨ㣬ǿֲĵܣƬҲձݡ

ѰԨԿ۪ˮӰһġ
۪ˮɫһ䣬ףΪ֮սУǿ϶Ѱɱ
֮սȻﵽ˿Ժѹĵز̫죡


һ˲ԶҽУ۪ϵˣٶȱɱС
ʵϣ˿̵ĳһƬңЩ۪⵽ѪȿɲһϮ䷴Ӧ죬ǾܵѰĿ񱩴ѹˡ
֪ÿһɴ¯ܣӵеܣ֮һ㶼ѷɫ
ѰЩ֮ѽս߷Ǻޱͷš
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ͬһʱ䣬Ԩֶ£һУԭһڴ˿±ϡ
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Щ۪˷Ӧʱͼ۪ˮ屬飬ѪһĻҲһѰԨȡһĻ

ǽ׻ʧгһɫ䣬ɥҪ衣
ת̫󣬾ΰ㡣
գ۶ѣһжתˣ
Ԥǲ׻ɱѰһĻҲ֮ٲܷˡ
ͬʱѰظɡ
֮ǰͷųϢֱеʺҲܵв
ûɣܳͷţ˲ͽѰĨɱ
ãһжֹͨδݡ
ûеʱ䡣
Ѱ߶ԨЩ۪ɱȥ
ģЩ۪˴ʧɫ֮ʣץסᣬȫ
һΡ
Ѱκһ۪ˣ



2542 
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ڴսɽ֮䣬
䣡
ѰƵӣƬٲȻֳݿ֮ơ
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ȥѰԿʱŻᷢǺεȿֲһݲӣǿõ涼ļº͵

Ѱ֪Ϻ϶˼׷ɱ뷨
ʱһƬɫĽɫɳĮ
С岼´ѰһʱͿʼϥһƿƿϡ鵤ҩһ
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ˣ۪ˮЯıԴҲѰսƷֵ֮󣬸޷
ѰģһѹԨе
Ų߸ߣöֳͨһְ֮ɫӹ׾գЦЦƿ޷ǿޣ˫£ڸһӡһֹ졢صϢ
Ѱһɲźɵ񣬱ɳһĲ֮
Уź±ĥѿԳһġʡ
Ͼǲź
ֻ߸ߣɵǽŨκ˶ԣԿϹ屦Ǳ￴Ҳᣡ
ͬʱѰҲע⵽ⲻڣһǿ޷־֮ǰ۪ˮƴһҪѵģһ־
Ѱɣʱòѹ׽Լɱ
Ϊ̫ǿˣ
ԶѰԲ֪
ֻϧȱȴѰܹãΪҪһ־Ҫ۪һѪ˸޷߶
ѰЩУⲻһɲľ޴󱦲أȫԳ䵱Ԩġϡ
һɳе־ҲŲһ㱻ԨĥָյĿܡ
ʱ
ѰӴϢѾָ۰ص۾Բ۷ˮ׼
ʣ²ʱ䡭
Ѱһ˼⣬;ж
ʣ¹Ϻʱ䣬һݿ壡


2543 Ԯ
ѰԸ˲Ҳˡ
ҡ
ǸʲôݣʲôѪѪ
˹Ϻ֮⣬ѰŵģһЩˡ
ġᡢ塢ףȵȲ塣
ЩڳʱͷֻҪѰҳսУɱ⡣
ԴˣѰԲˡ
ʭӶ˲ǳжҲɵ

ѰָһԨ
һ̣ʧƬããɳĮС

СһЩʣһʱˣһκδ⣡
һɽС
ıѣսҪҲգֻҪܻԿԽء
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ߣˣԶͷ
Ѿݷڴ˶ʱǱ˷֣ʱһҲԶ֡
ϣ˵Ѱڱϡϡ۪׷ɱһΣȻڽˡһЦŴ͸ֻζ
أһᵭٿƬɽϿ
ҿλεڽˡ
ȴ쳹ı˶ϣõɫһ䡣
̧ۿȥͼɽȸ߿֮ϣһεӰƾնڷƮҷɡ
Ѱ
ıкݺһ𣬲㶼Լ۾˵һڱ׷ɱ
ߣ
ıӦ죬һʱ䴫뿪
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䣡
Ԩ⣬ת⣬ƬϿ֡
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ǰ󲻹ʮָ
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ıˣԱնɱǧɽӣԻĿݽ߷档
ಣ
Ѱ磬ﳤȥ
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ڽʱУѰӰ̫ɾããؼ䣬һ·Ѳ߮
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ЩڣȴһѹѰ棡
صģЩѰԩ޳֮ʱǰȫġ
˰οͬ顣

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ѰٵϺ˵ټȴ֣лϮ
Է£һжй˰ױȫиɻ
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ܾ˵Ѱųġ
վ̫ɾʱ䲻޷Ӵ˵뿪ҲζţһˣһӶʱغ͵ϮԲ롣
ѰҲټͼչϡ޵ֻ߳ҪԷ׷ͻ編ƣֶ֮ơ
룬ټ£ǿߣֻڳͽ䱸ƣ
ȻԷʶѰκοɳ֮
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ţдһö͸Ž;ţ
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С԰
ѰȻһɫҶڽż֮ǰС԰Ҳһ顣
ʱС԰ȣȻ˾ȱ⵽˼صΣգʱĿܡ
С԰ԣϲܻԵ˾źͽơ
ȱǵϵĵ棬λ֮ߣϡ˰ױ۪ˮ֮£̫ɾУ˭֣Ҷһλº֣
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ѰƶϳܹȱȵյزĶ֣Բʲôˡ
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˼ʱѰչжɫҶ΢ɢΪָ
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ȻҲˡЦ͸ŵ⡣

˰ױ˶Էһۣôˣȴһһֱǣƺвã˻Ầ£Ժ˵Ȼʱӣ
˶ʱڨڨ
ΣǻǵСһЩֱǰϲܷɢ
˻õ˵ͬ
Ѱ̫£µֻҪǸҷɢжͻֵ֮ĵز

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ȱϿѪӰƣһϢսֻ˭֧ܿŲ̫á
ĶһӰ׳˶ӣϰ¶ͭļ壬ͷӿ͸׺֮
ǹĶͷϣӡһѪɫβͼڡ
֣һĿѪɫأѪɫβŭţ˶ɡ
ǵƣ׺ԵƥֻǾ۰ԲΪȴһ·ѹȱȵ棬׷ʹǿһͿ
սԶһŮ
һŽɫȹ֫ӯӯһգʵؾŮӣʼնûпһսһۡ
һķģüͣأһսԶˡ
ʱ۾һֱȴ˵ˣǱϾϵһλˣ۸̫ݣ棬Ȼ磬Ұѡ档
ĹͷһŮӷЩԸ˳֣мسÿҪһغȱһЦһ䣬ȴɹ㣬Ĩɱˡ
ٷϻ䣬λǸ游һˣĪ̫ݣҪҲȥ͡
Ůڿ飬ͷҲ̧Դġ
Ȼٷϻһ֣ͷЦ뿪ս
ͬʱŮһĿ⿴£ЦºͣԮûô
£һˡ
С԰



2544 ԭǳ
ϡ
С԰۰ںںɫĵϣбǣҲŭȼա
ֻţݱϣ޷İԵѹơ
һĪζĽʽ
ģһᡭС԰Ѫ͸棬͸żᶨ֮ɫ
̤С԰̾ºͣǿûжʱ˷ˣһѡҪôҪôλ˾ϡ
ֱɱ˱ǣ鷳
ͷ߹űڵϵС԰¶һ˿֮ɫĹȴ̤ҶЩˡ
Ϸʣ
С԰
Զ˴ȻԡѪȱĿѣ۾Ѫŭʧصޡ
׺֮һǰҶһ㲻֪𣿡
δ䣬һȭӳ
飡
ȱʱɳȥѣͷ֪Ѷٸ֮أ޷λӵˡ
С԰ҪɱҪУҷ㵽ףȱ˻
Цģٴ
Ŀ⿴жĳȹŮӡ
Щε̧ףһۣΪҪϣ
Ц´ǺãҾλ·ֻҪִݻֻ۸Ů˱ɡ
ȹŮӲݸؾŵӷһ˿ζͲģǸѰˣΪλﱨ𣿡
룬ǿô죬ѵҪҰλ﹩ϿͷһѱһصǸڣ
˵ԼЦ
㰡ºһˣʵʯĳˡ
ȹŮҡҡͷ½Ŀ⿴ٵȰӣԼôɡ
ӵ˵ͷŽµС԰ģ㻹аӿɻ
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˵ţ̲סһ۳ȹŮһزµһֱĬһ
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ô˵׺дϷʣҲһ棬ֻҪܴңҾͷλҴɹǰ
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һȭѰϣȴûƿѰķǵ׺ƥȭһĥһʱʶԾɫֱ䣬С
ѰͷһѸǶ£籡㽫ϵķ飬ָץһ߬סĲ͵ؽᵽ˰С
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飡
Ѱ򿴶һۣƵģڽ£Ŀ⿴ӣʵ
ȷҪҹһأ
мžѹֵ˴


2545 Ű
һֻŻε̤С԰ϣֻǣº͵ɫѱ
䱻ѰĿⶢţĲм⣬ĵϣֱܵӵơ
ԱշŴݵĳȹŮӵҿһϢ˰ɡ
Ӵ΢΢鴤ЦС㣬ܷҪʱҡģ
˫ӣһѰʱѱϬ棬пɲɱаӿͫС
ȹŮҡͷûٶ˵ѿӹľ»ⲻɡ
޵֮ģһ΢
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飡
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վȣѰӰѵִ̽־߬סףһľ׮Ƶģݺڵϡ
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Ӳƽƻʵ쵽£ƽӹӹžɵ䶯ʱȴϻе񽣳
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ǲӡ
ڼԶͬһӰֻǣһӰҲʱĳȹŮӣ¶֮ɫ


2546 ȹŮӵ
ǾεӰɣƾʱһַƿѹһеϡ
ȹŮսзз˼֮ɫ
ҲѰִﵽʱһ¶֮ɫ
Զ״ס
УӾ޵аһλڣ磬һ۾еĴˣǿᵽĵز
ܶΣɣԷһܽԼĳϡá
ڣֵһȴסˣ
ңѰ
ʵһǳޱȵĴױס
ӣԭѰűŰʱһǻĲʺͷŭ
ɴʱҲɴ۾ʧǡ
۰أܺһ档
žķΧУӶѰڣҲһʱУһο˵
УоȣҲһ˿Ķս֮⡣
ôһ˵Ƿ񻹵øеңѰüҲһĨɫ
֮ǰһжϳǰģƽӹĲӣȻһ۵棡
ҲѰĵڶ۵棬һԵĻڡ
ϸԣѰһκ;۵սǵǿƥȷ̬ޱΣա
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ӵĳ֣֤ҲǿѨ磬һᣬֻҪ¼һӣұС㣬һ·
һӣ
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ֺһָ߸ϣĮ飬Ȼҫ۰شۣУҲǿɱĽɫ
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˵գתȥһһָһϮȹƮҷ̬ݡ

ߣֻʱӸӵƳѰһۣкޣҲһ˿Īļʡ
ѰԭأĿһ뿪ջûȥ
ǲ壬ǳȹŮӣ͸һĥ͸֮УܵһΣյĸо
ѰѺܾòָоˣŮϼвԼ
ڰ򡭡ĳͷˡѰ˼ʱҲת뿪

һƬľ޴֮ϡ
лˣ֡С԰м̫һѰȣžȱԲлĻᡣ
˵ҲΪҲǰǣۡѰһ̾
һЩʥҩóݸС԰ȱ
СѣĪҪ˵Щ֮ȱزȱϥأˡ
Ѱҡҡͷתƻ⣬ǰ֪Щ˵
ȱһĨɬͼɵϲŮӵݣҿɾͰ׻һˡ
ͽǳȹŮӵ˵
ŮԵڰͷ֮һϣһϵϵ丸һλڵڰ򶼿ͨ뢵Ĵڣӵơ
ڵڰʮͷУҲܹǰȻԹžдţϵȣǴӵھ߳һλӣ
Ϊ峤֮Ůݿ֪εͷǷˡ
˽ЩѰףΪȱܵ˴裬ȴֻһǻĿɬͼɵˡ
ǵϵˣԵڰһͷȨߵŮҲעֻ޷б
ǻǣ۵ϣ
ԴˣѰ䲻ϿɣҲ⣬Ͼȱˣκ飬ȻҪİΣ
ǲ壬Ǵӵһ߳Ĵںܾǰ˻۳ʱչ¶˸һҫ۹âһλһۿУ˵ڰС
ϵһλЧ
£УܹУٲȻԾţ۷壡
ԭλڵֻѰĲϣΪһˣЩš
νһ˵õȮ죡


2547 н
ˮǱѡеĿܡ
ȱ˵ˮ磬ˮԵһλ
߽ڳʮ꣬ĿĴС
߽Ծܾˡ
ֱżһУ½ʤ󣬲űߡ
ܹڰУȻ֮ԴʱҲ𾴡
˽ЩѰףˮ޷Ǿе˲Űˡ
Ѱһ²⣬ƾͣܽǰ
С԰һ˵ûͣȳ֣Ҿ˾˻ˣŸɳ֮
˵С԰ü䷺һĨ⣬һȫǴʶҺ;˾ݣ˵ֻҪ£ܱʱͿԿһ־Ƿ紫ǰǿ󡣡
⻰һȤڡ
û˵꣬˼ѱ¶š
ףҲѲϵΣܹ黹Ҷ𡣡
Ѱÿ¡
֣ǧȥͺŮǵȽɫǲҪǡС԰æ
ϸ߾ӵڰ֮ʢȴԸǵС¹һߣʵڷȥͶԷ˺ȱҲȰ衣
Ѱ˵ͷЦλȷˣзִ硣
ֻģС԰ȱͲ²ˡ
ʱУ߿ʼˣѰƬɢⲽ
ѾǴĵ졣
ٹʱһؾͽĻ
Ѱò¾֪Խʱ򣬷̫ɾеɱ¾սԽ
ЩӰ첻Ѱ
ңҲٽԣ񣬽ŷۻսѴﵽʮ
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Ψһźģûܳô˻ᣬϡǿ߲
ʱš
ڼ䣬вɱ۵޵ӹ˵أڴ˵ȱС԰ʱԭڣΪץס
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µ̫ɾ˭֪ܲѰѪȶֱ뺷ս
ŵ˵Щ޵УٲȻѰΪͷΣշӣֻҪûһԸȥѰӲա
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ֱһĨҹɫӿ̫ɾ֮ϣֲڲͬеǿߣԲԼͬ˿
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ڽˡѰĿ⿴С԰ȱλʶ֮սĳһ
䣬һǻ԰ɫɹ⣬񷴹£Ѱ˹Юʧԭء
ȱС԰ӰҲһ˲ɫɹԡʧ

һ̨֮ϣѰӰƾո֡
ҰããŰɫֻû˻һչġԴ䡱
ˡ
ϣսŷӳƺڸӦٻʲô
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͵һһڵڶشȡսԽߣԽĽ
ৣ
ûãǰããУһҫƥɫɹ⣬еһתͻһ͸Өɫɽ
˽ƴСָ羧ʯ͸׭Īϵġ
ɣ
ϸ˽һصɵƷӡڻϢ˻ɬ֮С
Ѱһ̧١
ʱ䣬ΪɵɫɽѰУһȻƥıɱ⣬֮Ѱӣ̹ǰѰҲ͵һתΪŽһɱ⡣
ʶεĽ򵥡
֪˽Ǳӡ״̬£ɢɱɲ֪ӡҿǺεȿɲ
Ȼ͵ѰӡƽʱȴԾ֣һصɵУ̺˿˿ƵϢԵؿɲ֮
޷аأ˵Ƴˡ
ˣѰо̾ѣ˽ҪԳӯϢĽӡɿһ㱦ɱȣ
ɡɡ˵ȱͥУɵָһɱˡ
ѰɣϸԪӴľɽһ
أֵõĽҲõı
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ҲͥصһϸԪɵ磬κ߷ᡣ
˼죬Ѱ㽫˽ȴ֣ⷢ˽Īų֮޷Ԩݣ
һĻеô˽ˡ
룬Ѱſһ̣˽ͻһϹ⣬ӿڱ۽硣
ˡ
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ѰҲע⵽˽֮ϵɵƷӡбļֻޱϸ΢ɲ
һʶֻҪ˽УԼвܹ˽ϵķӡһ򿪣
˼
Ѱ߷һ˿Ц⡣
ৣ
һ̣µĵ̨һѰ˾ʧ

ϸԪѡ֮սĵأʶ
ҲһأֻҪܴʶ߳ͥõزشУ
׹һѰѳһɽƺϣƺ㣬ˣת
ƺϷɽۣһΡɹ紫˵е֮ͥأ޾ԡ
ԶԶһ˵ĸоͷ·ܾ֮أ֮أߺϣ
ͥ
Ѱһ۾ͿϸԪɵΨһ֮صͥɽǧŰе֮أ
Զ㣡
Сģֺˣ
һ˽ѰĿһɨ޵ߵӰƺ֮ϡ
й˰ױˣҲһЩϤס
ѰһϮȹ´塢Լˮ
ƺϣҲһ궯޵߽ʶرܿԶ˺Ѱ֮ľ롣
˵ɫ䣬мɵأٲȻѰˮһ㡣
ܿ죬ѰҲС԰ȱźۼص˵ͷջĿ⡣
ڵһеĴƣƺ֮ϣ˵ΪؼĹѹƣ޷
ѰϵǣܹʶһصǿߣŽˡ
Ҫ֪ڵһʱн޵߲룬ڵڶУҲнӽǧ֮ࡣ
ɱصģȴֻЩ֪ǴУǧλǿɥ
һĿĵ֣еģɶлþʤĵ۾ڣ
ΪĶھأ
ȴȫ̫ɾС
һ붼˲



2548 ֻһע
ˣ
ܹ̫ɾлҲȡõս٣ѲѰ˿԰쵽
ʵϣѰע⵽ڳ֮ˣϡĴǿǿʶһ֮⣬УɸѡӲɱһѪ·ĺݽɫ
Ը˺ȻС
ĽɫɸΣգ
Ѱǣڳ֮УȱĽɫ
Ѱ
һϼµ꣬ڵϣһҶӣȻЦпڡ
ѰĿ⿴ȥ£
¶޺Цݣʶһ£ҽ죬лĻдд衣Ȼ޶⣬۵ӦӮҽ⵱·ˣǰڰ򡣡
죡
²֪ˣֻϣҲкݺһΪڵڰͷ֮һϣ
л˵ɡѰڷܵ
ЦЦҲٶԣ۾£ա
ȴ˸Ц˼Ҳбܾʱټĺܡ
˵֮˸߹ڲϻ棬䣬ӿؼ䣬һɫVַͫ˸ˡ
Ⱥһ궯
ϼȻԵڰһͷɣڣȴ˸٩ɿܼˣ
ܿ죬ݾͱҿףԵڰͷϣ
ټĶأС֡
Ʋ죬һĲм
ӿ˵â磬Ҹдһ
аֻҪá糺̡֮עҾһ档
糺̣֮
һһǿųơ糺֮£ڵڰ
һ£˭֮䲻Ըˡ
дҲһš
أһ뷢ʲݣ罣ŻҰӰӿڣվǣһҹеĽΪѹƣҲļµ
׽Ц˵ˣܹǶ뷢ʲӣһ˿޵ļɵ
һĻڳ˸ҶԣΨֱ뵽ڵڰͷǿ֮С
ʵϣУ졢ף뷢ʲӣǲܵĴڡ
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ˣȵطĿ֣ܶĪҪڳͬЦˣ򣬱˻ΪǵڰһǴԲ֮
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ԵڰǣĻԼţõԵڰ֮µκʱһָ̬
Ⲣǽᣬǹӡıԡ
Уڵڰ֮ˣǾͲһģҲؼʵȥΣǫ͵͵Ҳÿ˭
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ҲֻеһҲֻ׷ߵһߡ
Ȼ磬һ˲õĴڣڵڰʮͷУҲֻһصĹˡ
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⵱Ȼ˲
ڳˣԹϡȴ޵УⱾȻ顣
һȻ͵ʮͷƣǺε죬Ӱ죬ġ
ˣҲһѡҲڣŵĲྫ
ȻЦЦͷá
ѰѰڿҶǺ俴ˣҵûб䣬żĻ֮ǰֻҪͷӦЧңҲΪıȡκҪԴ
лȻ
УһۼʵĴ飬ֻҪӦӴ˱ɽڰУ˶֮ı䡣
ѰȴˬˣƳһҲһѣˣԸ㣬ˣҲҪֻҪԼԼһƣԼһΣ
͵һţ˶
ѰѵǷˣ
졢סƾˣһ£ƺѰҵƺ
ⲻ
˰ױ˶ɫ죬һ￴ֹ޾ЩˣڰϣУ
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ȴλһϮȹĵŮӣ˿̲δ¶ʲô֮ǰ㵭Ȼ
ɵĿ⿴ѰʱѰȴע⵽ŮѶһĨɱ
ѰѲЩԹԵôҶˣ
͸źεķ̡
ȻЦѰѰãʸ뵽һԶ𣿺úһ£㰡ֻһעˡ


2549 ѡ֮·
ƽһʵ
еĲмѱ¶ţ޷˵ѰʲôҲһԶģ
졢סƾЦ
չ¶̬ȣǡϤ˽ģΪˣȷмںͲʸ˶Զġ
ѰûжŭֻЦЦûٶ˵
Ϊ˵ʲôᱻԷʸ񣬶ԴǵʱҲ԰
Ȼ˵棬ٷϻ
ʲôڰ򡢲ͷгһʱһǣʲôʸžͻкȫͬĴ𰸡
һʱȻ𣬽һӲӵĴɽͥڵطչ£ɽƺ֮ϡ
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ʶ֮·
Ҳѡ֮·
Ψǿߣ̤ϣӶסͥ
ƺ޵߽궯
ϸԪʶ֮սȥһѡ֮·˭ֻһλᡣ
һ޷ͨ·ִߴͥͽ̭֣
С
ѡ֮·ϣÿһѡ֮սǿߵĶսӡ̤ϣٵģһɵǿս
Ҫ֪ϸԪѡ֮սÿʮһΣÿһνУֻһλǿܹӱΪѡ֮ӡǿĶսӡ֪εȿֲ

أһλ̤ѡ֮·һ˲ǱѹƵΪʱֳָھ۰ش۵Ŀɲܡ
߳ɾ룬ɽһƺ֮ϡ
ɫ䣬ŨŨĲʺ;
Ƹղɵľ룬ʲôɲ顣
ѡ֮·ϣӯʱϢϣϸԪ³֮УһһǿĶ֡
˵Ƹղ˲߳ɾ룬ɶԣһֻأһ˲ǧҲˡ
˵ɫԱ
һλޡصĲɸѡɱľ۰شۣսεǿ
ڣŽ߳ɾͱ̭ˣҪɽͥǰǧɣ
ѡֻ֮һλɲҪ̫߹Լˡ
Ц
ԡ
һ̤߳ѡ֮·ʱȫĿĿֲܣǿƥ
գߵǧ֮أĵɳƺ֮ϣиǿѪѣȻ
Ǹˣ
һĻһЩ޵߶Ը֮ѹ
涼ֻǰǧɣϸԪѡ֮·̫̬ˣ
ʱһһ޵ǰɼһ⣬ѡ֮·ǧ֮ڵĵطֹ̭֡
·ǧ֮ؾһԽ
еգҲ֮ѹ֣һЩ޵ߵľЩҡˡ
ȻʶһأʲôգҲݵ鷢
Ȳпޱȵ̭ʣ̫ɲˣЩһɱ¾ò׵ִǿУһӰ
֪ɫѴŵ۾һ۷ˮ׼ˣȴ޷ѡ֮·һսӡ
ѰһֱԹۣɫƽ
ֻУҲԾѡ֮·ѡ֮пᣬҲϡ
ʱơ
ڣ˴ǧ֮أһ룬һλǿ֮ĵ档
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ɺܿ죬Ҳˣһǧ֮ʱһƬˢݺݵ䣬ɫɷѿоǾɡ
û֪ȵսɿڣҲڰ·ϣҲȻ
۲ãѰٵȥ
ɰչҪһԡ
뷨ģֱڣҲûѡǰ
ȻѰͼһӰǰ߹ڹŷ棬һӿ֡Vַţǣס
ʸԶģżȥ֤ԼĲЦƳѰһۣ㾶ֱ̤ѡ֮·
ѰüԭأҪߵ
ʱеĿҲˢˢϣ뿴һλԵڰĹܷһٵǶ
׵ı֣ȷ֮ǰ˲һ䳬գʱ䣬͵ִǧ֮أвپ
ҲǵִǰеٶȱԵúܴݣĿע֮£һִǧ֮أһǧɾ
޵𺳣ӣòϣԵڰ׵ȷǿ˲ò
ʱ첻ʵҺסƾԵǶеĲྫǲְɣ
ȻģһǶҲֻһܳΪѡ֮ӣʱͿ˭Ƕʱķѵʱˡ
һ룬ЦҪӮ㣬ֻܳΪΨһһѡ֮ˡ
Ϊྫǰõģ
ȻԤϵǶûз׵ִǧŰʱԵòļѵӰ͵һ󶶶ֱӱɳһ׻ߣ׹ƺ֮ϡ
飡
ӰģòվȣѾͷɢɫ࣬һдŭͲʣԵúʧ̬
һĻȫš
ǿľ۵棬Ҳ̭ˣ
ԭ־죬ɫҲ׵ǿ֪ȴһ֮رˣҲܵѹ
ƾҲˡ
׵ܣԭӵоŵǣܵʶһصĿɲ
Զˣżȥ֤ԼĲ
һƬžУѰȻЦղ˵ĻȥּǺΡ
ǿʵһӳŭɱ˵һΣ
Ĳе⣬ܣŭѰƫƫʱȥ̺ڿֱ࣬˿Σû
ʱԷŭޱȵףѰԵúһһٵԶˣżȥ֤ԼĲ
㡭ƤӶ£Ϊѹƣ޷֣򣬿»һʱͳˡ
ѰЦضԣѾνĶԶʧˣѰҲҪʧȰ˵Ϊ㡭ʸ񡣡
ѻȸ
Ŀ࣬ȫѰһһӾﵽȵز
治ǳ׻ȥˣ
ײÿѪָѰѰҼסˣҵţ
ѰЦԷ
жʱȴ쾹Ҳʼжˡ
ôҲصĸޣżһȥ֤ԼĲѰü
ӰһͣŤͷѰѰҶǺкøеģҶ
ѰŶһҵעҲккøУǸҿɳֺܲøУ̧֣ջνĺøаɡ
㣡
գзâӿɱӿ뿪żʱҳȫ㣡



2550  
˵ա
תǽӲӵѡ֮·
ѰЦЦ벻ΧͶĿ⡣
ҲˣٵＸ
ȷǸˣΪ֮£ΪԼɱֵ֮ã
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ǾͿ˭ܻ󡣡
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ϣȻǿ棬ֲ粻ĸԵڰͷʱѰ޾壿
ڣҲֱԣ޷˽ɽˡ
Ƶᡣ
ǵвκĺ
ԴˣѰֻŶһʼգûٿһۡ
ǿ
˳Ծ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼѡ֮·ϣӰѴǧ֮أɽ۵ķƽ
֮ղŵףѶã
ֱӰһӽǧŰ֮أ˶Ϣ񣬽Źע
ӰǧŰ֮ϣأԻǰ֮ʱһƬ궯
ѳ˸ղ׵ı֣
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ȻĵǶС
ڣ쵹ǳ˶Զеһ֡
ԣǶ̸Ψһѡ֮ӣΨеһʶ֮սĻһм˵ǶƾԵǶ;ķѵʱ䳤ֳ̣һߵ͡
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УԸҲֹǧٶɾʱѰǹžУ΢΢һ̾
ԸվֻǾ۰ص۾Ϊ޷;۵ȡ
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2551 ף
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2553 ھ
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2556 ֮ʱ 
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2558 ޿ɵֵ
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ѰûʵϣҲУ̫ˣٹģĵ۾Բһǿ߿ɱȣһӣѰȻȫҲֻһ֡
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һ޷貵ѰԨӳ޼᲻ݰ㣬ݺݴ뽫һصӵУ֮һһ类飬ɲĺɫ
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2559 
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֮ǰԸչ֣Щӵ
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ͥҡȻлɬĹش˵أȻҪ

Ѱ֣һ۰㣬ԨԿ߱Ϊ貵ĹâʮɽɢĻ֮ʢġ
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˱УѣѪܣӶݺɳȥ
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쵽Ӫȶ


2560 һ
һսеڣյʱ䡣
ȴȺһ۵䣬־һȭףѰԵ俪ǵ졢Ѱȭ塭
ڴڼ䣬һһƵ۾޵ߣѰĽ£
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Ѱע⵽һԴȡɵڤظԼе֮˫ͬһʱ䱻Ƶģ֣һԴ
ת˲һԴһΪɵڤظ˫ɵ
һĻܷ˼
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һж߸֪ɫˣѰĿ⣬ϲƵľ塣
ǰһһ


2561 ս
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δʹ١
ϣ
һϸѩ׵ز磬бâ֮ʢԹᴩǳ
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Ѱָ䷢ѩϸ񽣶жϵһΪ
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澳֮ϣǲ;
֮ڿγ֮ԭʼغ󣬽ɱĸһεĴ
˾ְ㣬̤˾ߣͬ٣Ų࣡


2562 ླ
;ֳ󾳽硣
ֱ١񡢳ѡ
پǲ;ĵһż˼壬ͬ٣
νġ족ʵָԪ޾ɳƲࡣ
ڵ۵澳֮أǿΡ١żһԿס
İأ͵һγɵʣӶʵɱ䣬ͬ٣࣡
ֻǣһżڹУס˲֪޵ߣһУҲܵһ
˾ɬѲǳ֮Ժ޿ͿԴ
Ҫˡǻۡϣȥ˾ż
̫ʱĻǿչŵ򸲸Ǻ󣬵֮УΪҲֻǵ澳ڡ
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ҲΪ־ڸߵ;֮ߣΪλǰǰԭڡ
Ϊ磬Ŵ̤㲻;˺
Ȼֻ˺ԶԶģҪǻۡ
Ѱԣȥıȡ;֮磬Ÿ̤澳Ϊڴ˾ڲΣҲԶԶǿ֤ʱ

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ϸԪѡ֮սڡͥᡱĻĵս
ʱƶϣѰԼԣżĻʱ䣬о֮á
֮оʱȥΪ뿪׼
ͬһʱ䡣
ż⡣
Щӳż޵߷أҲǽڡʶص鴫˳
һʱ䣬Ȼ󲨣
Ѱǿ󣿡
ĲѰؾеѪɱ¾š
УԵĶϲװĴڣֻ;η
ڴһУԶ֮һ۪ˮ۪ˣԱѰһɱ
Ψһѡ֮ӡبδ֮١ͥɱһȺۡ
˽⵽Ѱͥеı֣˶ڣȫ޷ˣΪ֮ɫ䡣
żĻ֮ǰټУ˶ɣϵѰǷҲ
ѰȴٲȻżҫ۵һˣ
ᶫֻܵһЩֵµĵڰĹκ𺧺͵
졢ƾס
һ綼ƹâɵľ۵棬һ˵ݣõЩ嶼ɵ֣
ЩԵڰʮͷеĹȴͥڣѰһɱ
磬󲨣𲻿ɣ
ڰͷѱ̬ȣѰΪȺۣ׶֮ͽ
ܿ죬һϢӳڴһ䶯
û˻ǣѰ볯ǣڽսϲʱһλԼϣҡ
ڣȴı⣬ҪնѰļ̬ȣ
ȻȾ֮£ҲԸƶΪֺ˵뷨
ܹ˭ͥϡҡϡĴͷĹﱻֺɱҪ֪ڵڰʮͷ֮Ǿϵɶʱǿ֦ͬͬͬĹϵ
ǷζţԴֺ֮ٲܵõԵڰˣ
Ķ޷ƽ
Ѱ̫ǿˣؾɱ¾ȺۣѪȹھˣܻ߳յ³עܻˡ
ǿУأѹֱֵ
Ƕڵȴ
鼬ˡ
ߣƮȻ̬Ϸɶüͷ塣
˭뵽һ紫˶ѣȴҸɳȵ顣
һϮָۣ両һöѩ׷ɽĹ棬˿޵ϣҲֳһĨ
ϡҡϡĴͷеĴѶǻǵжΪ
һͷϣִɫߣһɷģ۪̾Լǡ
ԣϷɶɡԳĬò
ԭǵȴڴˣֻΪѰ컯˭̬չڣȫ
ѰȥնɱЩڰĹֱͺͱûʲô
£ڰЩͷɿưոݣ
һǶԣҪѰͲǰףͲͷˣ
Ǽֱͻڶʳûʲô
ϷɶĵǣһǶǿߣأջģָ
£²ΪѰϵ컯Ҳ޷Ѱȥ
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ĻˣδҲ̫ˣ
Ϸɶɶ
桢۪̾ɫҲÿǼµĻΨûµġ
ǶɣνؾǿĺᣬѰҲˡ
ǿؾĹݺѿ
Ȼһֱƾ΢ڣӿԶż
˻оЩԣȴӦ˫żڷű仯ʴ̫õĹϽһظѿ
˵ҵҲԳô˻ᣬɱżϷɶһӡ
ˣǿԸЩͷĴִ֮ǰɱ洽Ҳһ˿Ц⡣
ãô
һɷģ۪̾ȴڴ˿һĨεɱ
˴۪һǿߣһˣ۪̾еĳͷŭ

ǡ
ȸµĸо
Ժֻһͷ¿ɸǺã
żе飬ҲѴ˳ǣȫǺ䶯֪޵Ϊ֮Ŀࡣ
ȸҲû뵽ѰײУǿɱѪɺӲ˵ԵڰͷеĹ˺ü
ԭȸǴȥԪҰæģ޷ϰæڰиѰһЩҲǿеġ
ڣȸϷ뷨
ףѰԪ֮䲢ʲô飬£ԪɿܻΪѰȥڰĲͷ
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Сͺˡȸİȹϵϡ
ô죿
ô죿
ϣ˭Ⱦ֮£Ѱˮ֮У
ڳǣ޵֮ҲͬͷȾ֮£뿪żʱѰлĻ
ȻС
һУѰһǧսзһĨĪĹ
ԴСĿɮˣһıŵһ߻ˣʹزۣ޵֮·δ̫Ȥ


2563 Сʦܣ
¡
ѰӴһг׹
澳Ȼһ㣬յ֮ǿԶɱȡ
Ѱ⣬µսͬһУҲɿԾĽɫˡ
Ͼھ۰Ϊʱܹɱ档
۳棬һĵͲУͬΪ۵ĴڣҲԵֵɱ
ס졢˵ĲҰܣõ֤
ǲ֪پǿʱǷп֮
Ѱ
֮ǰսУʩչɱﵣӡŲε־ԱԨһһͻ⡣
ȻǽֻһɲĲ֣ܳȴѰġ
澳ųƵ·֮ǵŲԽգǱԽʹƣ
;ȵ۵£ߣҲ޷羳ɱģ
ѰϾͲｻ֣ȴڵ˽⼫٣Ҳҿ϶սУܷȥԿ
ǣµΪ죬ɱϾֻ澳Ϊѡ
ؾ֮⣬Ѳ޵ҳȥɡ
ѰӴƽ
˼Ƭ̣ϡ
ˡ
ֶţʦӡʦվӰͳڳС
ʲôĪСʦһ죬һӡ
վ뷢ʲݣԹԶϣһ̳ˮһһڵƷƣһӡ
Ѱӣܸͣò᲻֪żеɣ
һȻСʦˣҲֻܿŵһˣɵ֮𣬹ȻޱߣƵǼԪ֮
˵ţͶźȻһĨȣСʦܣ㽫ҰɣһƾƶϳһЩϸԪ顣
ŶûС
ѰҲؾܾˣһӣɸߵĺͻһĹϼڣ˱۽ڣȾڴ˵һӳȤ
СʦܻǷ̾Ϣһ˵ģ
Ѱʦ֣һС
üʶʲôûٿЦ£
µľӦҲϣԴʦ뿪Ѱ˵
ӵʱסòԼһȥͲεĵ˶Կɣ
Ѱһѡ𣿡
ƺ˸ۣһָԼıӣҰʦֵҾˣΪУʦҵĵλ㲻
Ѱɣ㲻ǵ۾Ϊ
ӿڣܰʲа飬ѱñܴ鶼˵ˣֻǡ۾
ѰƬ̣㿴ֻǵ۾Ϊ
Իޣˣڷżʱʦֿû۸㣬ҲûΪ߾ʹ㣬ԲѹΪ㹫ƽһսĻʱһ̷ָܽˡ
ָ⣬һİȻ
Ѱһ£ô˵Կⲻ
ʲôп⣿ɱ֮׼
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ѰվЩţҡͷ˰ɣ֪ô˵޷ǲ뿪Ϊʦֵ飬صȵزѵʦҲһڴѣ
ȴЦˣָѰ㻹ʦеһûҲ޶ۣҲ˵ңǵĿվʦ塭ıһΪʧķˣ
Ѱüһ̱ϵĿվУ̫ðˣʦ˵ʦľ⣬ɿܰѻһɱٵϣʦϣ
Ѱּڤ粻ӣۣСʦܣ֮䣬һĺòãˣʹ󷢴ȱҺͿվʦвУ
ȴѰҲһ̾һεӵҪģʲô飬ɱڡ
ʦǸڵˣʦѹ޾£ֺҺڹ
ЦֻһЦݾ̣ʶʲôָѰӣСʦܣң
Ѱ죺ʦֺγԣ
ɫһ粻ѾʶԼϵˣʱ˵Ѱæǲֵġ
ڡ
ȴǳѰˣ
һ˱˻ԣֱ͸ˣǱ˸ڲƭңǧ˰ٴˣһĻ飬ƣҲΡ
ǲܺڵģղŻ˵ʦѹ޾£ڣڸıǾ͵ڴԼ
ɺ޵ǣѰһ֪ӣӶ޵һմ㾹۵ĸо
СʦܣҲԣýǧҡӵ
ѰȻʦ֣ʱʦֵԵͬЭ㲻˵ҲὫġ
˵ţͽǧݸӡ
ѰȻ̬Ӵǳ鴤һ£Сʦܣݣ
ѰվûסЦ
⣬Ⱦ֮£ĿܻŹȺðˣȻǲģǾֻܶһЩСֶˡ
ˣҲҡͷЦЩվ˴ŵСЦΪѰԸôеЩã룬һԼִޱȵСʦУнԼļˡ
ӶԣȻǼõģ
û֪ױĸʦһζҩ˶ԣɽеĵλͬһ
Ҳ±ʦ𷽴֮ѹ޾£ҲκԹԵԭ
ɽб뺴֮ء
˵ʲ϶Ѿʱɱ˲ٲҲ²ⲻСȻҲݷؾ֮⡣
٩٩̸ʦֵܶԣһĲɫؼɵʲôɶԸʲ϶ʱȴҪһЩһžǰʱѾǸӲӣϸԪѹ֮ãԪ󣬸ǽӴˡܿ£
ѰȻѣ˵ʲǱڵв
ȷһֲ޷Ķ֡
󣬼಻ΧȴӲɱһЩ֣ǵھŲضٵδ֮£
УʲΧ䣬Ҳ˵˶ӣѰѰ϶ϼһȻš
Ҳעܴż컯
ϾΪϸԪĿֲڣʲӦøͥ컯ǺεȲ򵥡
ˣѰҲܻɣͳԼе컯㹻ǵʲ
ɱذѰп
塢ڰĲͷټϵʲһɱٵȷκ˵;
Ź񫡣
һ´ϷһĨķ֮ɫʦѹ£ϣ֪ӵĴڣһΣҲֵҵǳ



2564 
ĪͿӣѰ˵һμԷʱ龰
ʱӸմӷżһϮò꣬һͷڷԺ󣬷
˸˫ţ񷡣
ѹĺڰѹ֣һɲõһйͷš
˵ֻݴ֮ϣ֤㲻֮ĳΪϲԵף𣡡
źǣڱѹ֮ǰӻ߳ɽ˽Բ֪ӣ֮һ
ڴѹ߳ںѰĶԶ䣬Ҳ¶Լķɡ
ֱ˿̡
ȵһᣡ
Ѱ޷ʦ飬Ҳûĸͬܡ
ֻ֪ѹ̫õӣпһս
ΪйΪΪִ֤ŵĴ
ƣһҪȾơԱߣ̱ڵصĿվȹľ̳𣬿سѰ¡
ȴЦжӣſվ˵ʦ壬񲣬װģҺСʦһһЩ⣬㰡ɾٺȲඡ
վȻҺȾƣ
ڳǻ켣꣬˵Ҫһ˽ؼңԼӦڡ졯򸲸֮£뿪ûκ㡣
վŭеΪβҾƺȣ
ȴԹԵҲ²ⲻȵģСʦܣΪֻСʦϵ򣬲ܶԿҲܽʦǳǴߡ
ѰԭЩģӵĻȴȻһ¡
ʱվǿն컯֮־ֹ
ѰǵãվԼ˵ҪҪǸߣĸʱλ棬ܹ̤ϲۣ֮ɻΪģ޼ң֮һ
ʱѰ֪νۣ֮ɻΪ𡱡
ȴ͵ʶλʦľǳ⣬ܾһڲ;϶ƿֲĴڣ
뵽⣬Ѱв
ĳ˴Ŀվʦ壬ЩȺڳУòľڵԼɣ
ΪֻԼ컯յʦԣվΪƫִڲ֮ŵ˵ĳ⡣
Լӵ򣬵ӵгΪǱܣ
·죬ųٽ٣һ
ʣֱ̺̫ǱѰ壬ѰЩÿ򣬽Իȫµ֪
һ䡰·йأ
һ
ƣҪȾơվһ˿ǻˡ
Ѱӳ˼ѣǰֻһˡʦ壬ȴɵ㣬סһ̾һ̳ˮȡ˹ȥ
߶ʱϲͷʹ
ʦܣʵҲҿ϶ʦǷķˣҿȸڳڵȴô꣬ʱѾĳ־ϣҿ϶ȵ˾㣬Ϊֻ㣬ܰܵġ
վҿ㣬ǧȥԣʦľ⣬Դһˣǿɾͳ군ˡ
Ѱһ£˵ͷ
ӴˣҪʼ𡭡
ӺȻĿ֮ͥ⣬һԳγһĨʰĺâ

ͥ⡣
ԭŵؼ䣬ȻһεĿֲϢ̡
ţĵӰϢظֶ
ƮȻ̬ϷɶɸڱƾһɫĲ෨񻷰㣬ơ
޾ףһϮ۵Ĺһ࣬޳ָ䣬ѩ׵ķɽ
ִߵ۪̾һɷǵģһ֣ңңɽ۵ͥ
̤ȾѪʡͷҰ׵ƾ΢һػɬɱУӿؼ䣬罣˺
Զλһ٣
Ȼ¶ǳ֣ƬضԵðΪġ
ͥϸԪ֮أڼԪУһ׮񼣡Ϸɶɸп
Եúɣһƾżο͡
ϧˣǰһ׮컯ȴһ紫ãֱǱ´ӺҶҪԹԽ³
һƬĮԴ֮䣬Ǻε⡣
˺ϿвٺöҶһǼȤ˵־ܱɲһ㱦ɱȡ
ϵ۪̾ƿڡ
ǰżǸеɣΪЩڰͷеĴִǰͽѰ£ɵڸǽһ⡣
Ѱ
ľ۵棬Ŀ̤ܺ㲻;
Ըǡɱ׺ֵ
ҪϵķУ˵ͷҵ崫С֮ͬ
ƾ΢Ҳڣ罣
ڴʱһЦͥ
ÿֻҲԼΪǵУΪΪ
͸ŨŨĲм
ϷɶüһӴ־ϳͥϯȥնݣƳܲסǵ־ĿֲϢ
ɽһ˲Ϸɶɾͷƺߣͷų־ػ㣬ɿ
ǷһĨɡ
ͬʱ۪̾桢ƾ΢һУңңͥ
һӰ֣ƮҷڷԺ¶һŷӡ
վɽۣ£ĪĹ󣬡ĸ
ƮƮһ仰ʧɻǲε˭һظܵ
Ǻˣ
Ϸɶüδŭ⣬Ϊϳ꣬ǴҪɱѰ
΢΢һЦˣвգɽĴӣ
Ϸɶɵӣû˵
Զ˸ɽҲ֪һЩ紫ˣһ˶սۡصȵȡ
Ψû˵ôһ
ڣɫ䶼һ˿Ȼ
һп۵׵ӣ΢΢鴤һ£΢Ц
ǰ˵֪Ҳ޷Ϊӽ쿪ʼأԽﱾ֮죡
һ仰ɵ˵
ֻǣ䣬Ϸɶɵ˶ЦдͲмһЦ
Ӹоܲãо϶ܵڮٺʹа̾ʦʦѹô꣬Щ˶ɿ֪ܲ䣬ηϣ
˭ҲǷɽڼˣȻҲϵУֻ·һ
ϷɶĮϡ
һʴ֮ϻն˱ǡ
ƾ΢Щͷˣ˵ʱ̧һָ
ϣ
̤ȾѪУӳһ޵ѪɫٿͻƳգնɽλõӡ


2565 ෨İ
һնӯĲϢ֮ʢƬ񷶼һĿĵѷ죡
ͥһѰҲȻܵǿҵвϢ
ǲ
֮ȣЩӡŲϢرȱһֶеԣڲǻۡ־ɱཻڵԡ
Ȼر
룬ѰʣֵһǵöüȥתԨܹ쵽
һȴָһ
飡
ǧɳĺɫʱΪأ׹գƮ
̬֮Ѱһ㶡
ȴԵúջ𣬸о·ܵĪƵģϷһĨƤЦݲЦ
ʲôèҲԱˣǡд
ķ磬ѹأϷɶɡƤһ
ͼϣȻӿһɿֲܣ޾Ѩ´ˮһ͸ӨĲۣ֮һһΰ
ԶԶһ졣
࣡
Ϸɶɵһǰʱǿû뵽Ѱ߾һɽ
Щˣ
Ƕһۣüͷ
ɱһѰǾԲѴ֮ɱһҪķһЩֶˡ
ٵˣսپ
ƾ΢ϣȾѪһӰֱ
㣬ɱɫ񻷣ԺڷļµĴȻɲ෨
ৣ
ƾ΢ָһɫ׵ۣ϶񽣣ŲĹնӡ
Ѱ۾һʹĽԲĪľ£ë
һȸղһǿ˲ֹһĿֲȫѰ֪ķ룡
һѰûаĽ£ΪǵΣ̫Զ
Сʦܣվ۳棬Ż˽ⲻεڣʦ־ͽЩϻ˵Ϊúýһ
ȴȻЦУԭزΨ͵̽һץһա
䣡
Уһɫһ㣬Ӹ߬ģըΪɫâꡣ
ϻŴ׾Ʒи򵽵Ĳ෨ԶԶڵؽ֮ϣҲζţսУһͬϻ˵Ķ֡
ӿڣڴڿҵ㣬ΪѰ
ˣѰ׹һЩš
֮ͬ١񡢳󾳡
һĲʵ֮ȴǧ
ľڣյĲ෨ܲһ
෨ܴСƷ׵ĻһһӦţΪ෨򣬱Ǵ
һƷ෨򣬾ǴһƷв
ͬپУһһƷ෨Ĳӳսѹյؽ׾Ʒ෨Ķ֡
磬ܹ׾Ʒ෨ѿ֮ͬеĶڣ
ƾ΢Ծһ
ҲǴʱѰףΪ֮ǰԼһʱеǰˡ
ԭڣԷڲ;յĲ෨ҪԶһϵĲ
Ͼƾ΢Ե򶥼Уڵ壬յ׾ƷɿѰɱȣ
ЩѰľʱƽ̫ˣҲûʲôòĵġ
ΨѰǣȶ֣ʦ־һ㶼壡
ȫ֪ǰǱʶΪʦֻǺʹʦ֡ʦһڡ
ڿʦԾǷɽеһ࣡
ߣ
չֳǵ̬ƾ΢һüԥԼĲ
һޣȼգӯϢһ֣ٻ㣬޾û
ȴ޶ð㣬ԹԵϻͬپΪҲףȴֻǵؽˮ׼ƶϲϻӦһĲûѼƷһĲʣĻһѵؽײۡ
֣һѵƵģƾ΢ͷҲ಻סӽն
䣡
ϼһն񷳹ױ¡¡ݣϢһͷŶֱҪƬء
ӽǧѩ׵ķ˿һӲӵٲһ
ϼĭӰ㣬ɢʧ
ƾ΢ͫ͵һʶǰԳƷĴ˵ļһһԶиֵĺݲӡ
ʦǧأɺôҲʦƵֶ۵ĲɱȡСʦܣ˱ЩУɳˡ
˵Ӳһ̾
ԶѰĬʵҲչֳĿɾ޵ˡ
еǰ٩٩̸ѣһ˿ɱȣ
裡
Уͷ񿥵۪̾ڿնһɫߣޱ
֮˵ǰǿ󣬺ͷڹ㣬¶棿
͸ż
ɫ͵һرŭ㣬˵âɱͳ仰㲻뿪
䣡
ĵǧ͵ؾһɫĳӣֶ۪̾ȥ
۪̾ɫߴնʱϼڣӿֳ̩õĲͼڡ
һ˵Ī⣬õĲ෨ԶѰܹ⡣
ɾһȴںǧĿУ˲䱻鿪ֽ㲻
֮ܳ£۪̾û£µɫУƤѣİͽ۪̾˦ȥ
۪ܻ̾㣬ڿնֽ̧ɫ㾹˺ţ
߶ɫߣɱԡϲӲӵĲУһŭذ
ͬʱƾ΢Ҳݺ޵񽣣յĽϼٻ졣
ߣݺˡ
˵ʱ𣬻ʢһһɫƹɽӡ
Ӷǧ޾ɫӿ֣֮ȼհĽ飬ϲӲӵĲ촷ۣ񣬴ݿࡣ
Ҳһ̣ѹ£޾ڰ尾ӣ׽һ䣡
ת˲˫ͼսʮϣõƬسݣﶼֳļ
ɽ֮۵ͥҲܲ¡¡𣬳ѺۣƿҪݡ
ȻϸԪӴ֮أע٣סˡ
䣡
춯صĺУӰȻƾ΢۪̾ǱӰģңѪ
ٿӣƮҷշһϵ
ƾ΢۪̾Ѿغ;֮ɫ
ƶû뵽һл֮£ȴһѹƺͻˣɽͳʱһλˣ



2566 ô
ѰĿɿڴ
ʦֱѹڷż£ôͣ
˵ǿչŵ֮ͨĵ·ʹ˶Ͼ
ѰʶԼ֪ƫ
ʦ̫ʱѹĵмڽǿ֮ǰͻΡ
ˣʦֵʾ̫̬ˣ
ʦܣϻ˽پڣʵϣǵ䣬ȵزԺ뾫ûʲôϣ
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ۼͽܿһɳϵǣӰȴһ˲һ٣ɬ
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ֻһɷʧѪѿ֮иһĨɺͼɵ֮ɫ
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ڳֵĲܣҲĿɽԭҲΪɻΪƾɽĵУϲһоͲѡ
ڣɽŭõǷҲһףɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱ䷨򣡣
ǿӵĿⶼˣмɵҲһ˿μļʡ
ʱ䣡
ȲܶԣϵĽɴ֮һ
ͬʱҲΪ⣬Ƶģ
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2570 ǰֻһ
ɽͻشܽԾ֮࣬ɱҲʢ
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١ԻǳͷųɱУٶ뱻ΧĴС
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ӴУԵúܼ
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ѰҲĳȣҲû뵽ľ⣬ΪʧĿվȴڴ˿վˣ



2571 һ紫˵еǿ
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˲䣬ʿϳɫѿ
վ
Ǹڲ;紫ľ뢣
ڵڰ򣬿վҲһ֣ʮͷļɵ
ںܶǰվһĽ٣õʧأ־壬񲡣
ʮͷԣĿվѲв
ںܶǰΪı컯ϻ־ĿվƻԳ֣ȥ᲻컯
ǰܶǰΪҲʧȥһֱǣ򱣻类ɱ֪ٴˡ
䡣
Ա˶ԣվݣɶЩԵڰĲͷԣɿ֪ܲ
֪վΪʧڳǽͷϣЩͷǰ飬սԵõһ´𰸣ǾſվľΪҲעϵٻָ
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һͷǱĺ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ֣һۣһУһɨ

ʿƺߣĵˣĶӶɲĽɨɳȥ쳹
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ܣڣͷ棬һǣѹһ߸ӿֳʮ죡
ÿһ춼һ磬ڶŹ飬ڶĤݣо
ֻʵţһ׮ľ
һߣԻֹסΣһնˣԵޱǱ˿ɫ쳣ѿ
ʿաɽˣҲɫ࣬أһ̵ĿվٲȻ紫ǰֲǸе伬֡
ٵˡվһ˿ǿ̲סʹ֮ɫ
󣬾ͼһ̤ȭ
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ʮعϵ縡ݻǺڣվһȭ˸񣬴󣬾˹ϵо
עǾһѪ£ֻأһƬµľС
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׵ɽһȭâȴϣȫ޿ӣֻӲһ֮ǣȻûܵסһȭɱֱӱ򱬡
ǵƣȭһǰ޵еӶǿһ
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ޣ
Ծ
ֻʣԪӹһٵɽһУ¶֮ɫһ̼ӡ
Ҳֱð⡭ô򣡣


2572 һϮ

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µǣվֹ֡
䣡
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ӳɱڣϾǺ⣬˵ʱֱӴ߶ͳʿɱȥ

춯صײУӵסһ
ͬһʱ䣬վҲǱһȭ򶫻ʿա
ƥȭŷʿȻ߾ȫԿķ͵Ҳֽ㱬ը
ˣһȭҵüѣѣӰݺݵɳȥ
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һĽ쳹Ƭ
ģһڷɽֱ˺ʱյһĨ⣬Բ˼ٶһ
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2573 ޣȼգ
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һ뷢ѩףӰߴ󣬴һϮµˣɣתŲ෨
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ǳЩ޵ߣػһϳλǵڰһһ
ԭϷǺϣɵҵģϧȴǷɽ֮ˣ޳
Ŀ⿴Ѱ̾

ӷȣƴƿֲޱȡ
۹ĵָ両ֳһεɽ壬תŶصĲϢյסһ
ӸҪжһٶȴն䣬Ѫ
һһģһɢ
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ϣ
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Сʦܣǿȥˣ⳯Ǻ󷽣˵ͨ·ʦھΪУ
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飬޼֮š
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ɫһһεɽХѹգӺݺȥ
˭룬ȿֲ֮һȴȼհĵӲס޷
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ɫׯ࣬зɬĵ˴ϣȴƽ
޾ȼյĵ⣬ڣٿͽѰЮУͶһðŻڡ
ڴڼ䣬Ѱ˻Уͼ£ȴ޼£ֻԼЮţʧŻڡ
ʦ֣ҪʮͷΪᣡѰ˹˻Уı޾ĺȡ
ʦָĴֻۣΪԼһ·Լȴûоܾ
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΢΢һЦ͸οһ֡
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·ƴ赲޷أΪӸĴۣıȡһ
ۣ
һ̣һӼԶ俪ӵӰһ̳ըѪ
ʣԪӴҲһϢ
һ̣һǰǰݺƽ߬ԼѪȾǧ̾
ʦͽһֱ֤ҵĴûдڡȴûл֤ˡ
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ۼѰƤ±ߣɫѿ֮߶һεɽ壬ǱٱɢԪֶȥ
䣡
ɫĹ糱ҪӵԪѹʱǱӵѪȾһɲȻ΢΢һ¡



2574 ʦ
Ȼɢĵɢ
飡
ֶ꣬ٿըͬһɽ屦ùѣѺۡ
ٴһһʱɫǾɲ
ʶģѽɿһĻһﶼƲ϶Ǹﰡ
˵գʶʲô͵̧ۿ
ϣ
ɱ֮ٶһͻأ
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ţ
һɫɽ֮أҲһǱһĻˡ
ڴʱӵɴ۾
ͼڣӿֳһΰӰԡõĵУһ֣һƬԼţǰδеĪֲС
Ϣޱ죬ǵħĪ״֮֮ϡ
׻㣬ʧʦ𣡣
ȴΰӰ̾ӣһѶɹԽɻǷĴˡ
ʦ㣡ӾһӰ㣬ʧصشУǻڣѼ
ܾúܾǰУʦ縸װ㣬Ȼѹ޾£ҲӲй⡣
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ʦҿ޼֮ţҵСʦǰʱ١ʲôɿ쿪ڡ
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һĻȴ񶯵ĿѣǱɱģһεĿֲڣԻ롢Щ˸ǿ
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¡
ɫչããǺϯʱвӰڰ;ͱɫԸǣĨɱ
һʱ䣬֪ٲҽ
Ҳʱ͵ط֣ԭ֮ǰƬоѲ಻ڣǸûв
𾪣֮ǰʦѰ뿪ʱЩһ֣ǺǺεء
ΪƾҵĴһˣɱ˰ɡɫ𲻶
죬вŻָļžΨѪ֮һʱ޷ɢ
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֮˵ţһֳַһӵԪ񣬳Զȥ
ʦ治СʦܣӲʡ
Ҳã٣Լ⣬νڻ䳬ѣԺ㿪ʼ֮ͻ
һ˵ţѴӽнԶ
ʦҪȥεأ
Ȼȥ磬ƶϲЩʦֵǣӦѾӵǰˣʱԻ㣬Ƿɽʦͽһֱıȡһ¡
ʦԭһжԤУ
ҿûôͣҲЩǻҲ֪
̸ڻصʦͽ˵ӰѾʧãã



2575 ӳ
һƬưܾѱɢ޵ѪϢ
ڡ
ѻȸһƬ
޵ߣԱǣ㱡
ؾ񣬷е¼ǣųÿ޵ߵ
Ҳǰãǲ˵żУԵĶɾԱѰһܡ
󣬹ѰĴţȻ󲨣ڳ֪ٺ䶯
֮սŭնԡϵˣɱһǿ̧߽ͷ
У۪ˮһ۪ǿߣԱѰһ˵
ʶһأѰһٳΪѡ֮ӣȡɱ졢ƾ塢׵һԵڰĹ
ÿһ׮սѪȵĲУΪĪ䶯ͷβ¥֮أ֡
˭Ҳû뵽Ѱһǿչŵľ۴ۣܹżдɱķȺۣɱ˸ҳ
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ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һĺƽ٣ȴķʽĻ
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ţԵڰ١Ի롢ɽʿաһ֣ȴͻأʶĿվɱ
ֱۼ紫Ӿͽɱ֮־֣һƽ֮ɢĨ
һĻĻԵǰ㾪ףȻ˿еսĻɳе޵ߣȴþ޷
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֣ҽ𣡡
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˭Ҳ˵壬ֻеڰЩͷǲ֪ɽ֮ȱп
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Ѱؾ߳ʱ۶ϣΪⷽһıŵһ߻ˣܾʹزۡ
ڷһУ޲֤۶ǶԵġ
飬ȴûԤǰ򵥡
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û뵽ʱ̣ڷ֮־ȴֻӣûκβѰ˼
һӦˡʮľš֮ȥ֮һ˭ܿƣ
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ܲ⣬ͼǿȥݣ޷һ˿

İУѰһЮţܿƵسǰɶݣĳɬͷŭ˵ĺޡ
ΪԼ飬ȴʦָۣ֮ΪԼƴһѰܲޣ
ҡҡҡҡҡҡ
ԺУ֮ǰһĻĻѰ۾ѪţգұʮٱһУ
˿̵ѰӲδȥҲ֪֮ڵ־ѽӴߡ
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ͬһʱ䣬޾ĺڰУһԼ޳ӰѰ߳
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ʲа΢УһŮˣ
ͬʱѰҲ۾


2576 ʱ˵ĵһδ
ڰƮǴԼ޳Ӱƻá
ɴźۣñգϸӨİָ䣬һǻתİ׹սì
Ϣһǰľء

ܶǰɻ˽ʱһµĳС
ʱԼ̫ΪѰ׸޷̣ΪӲԸҲԼվѰı󣬳ΪǸӻĽɫ
ЩһֱѰı۽г˯
ѰԣԻٵѰˣ۽Żᱻ
Ѱȴû뵽Ľѣȴõӳ߳ٶȳԼǰ
һ˵ͽӿѰͷõǵһʱȵߣߣ
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߼䣬ײ羪ףǿն͵ҵĻ𲨶
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ԶǿշӿֳִɵٿΪһɲ磬ѰӰУ޿ˣ޿ɱܡ
컯ټ֮գγ޷֮ϣƼԪħϣ
ЦУʲаƾնһϵˣɴ˿̵ȴʢɲԡٲɵУ֮ʢƬǿա
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ʱѰڿǵȽƿأǷȱĻÿһζãҪĴۡ
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Ѱͫ׳Ѫ޵ſը
֮ǰʦ־ˣɸĴۣҲҪΪһ·
ڵҲˣ
ѰһŵĶˣһɷŭҪ⡣
СѾͷǵȵпƿأǽúñܰɣ
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һۣǿնһֱĻУܲסһܡ
ŵʲһն޷ݵɱ֮ӳֳĩս٣Ŀֲ
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ҲʶһĿɲԼӰϣֳһܻɬļ˰Ϣһ֮
巢⣬Ѫȼ㡣

һȻϣһɿɲĽӿսìУһʱݺݴ̳
Լ䣬̳սìϣ֮ì
ҪҲҪһ
ѱŭͺĵѰ˿Ҳ緢񣬲һеسˣǰ͵رӿһƬãã֮⡣
ͨ
ӡʱصĽ֮
һ˲ǿպȻһš
ʱһײڤڤаţһĻ˼ľ



2577 ɵ
ʱתӣ֯һʱƬǿһֻУһԳֳ㡢١ľ
ʲֻǰһƬãã֮أȴӿ˵Ŀ־塣
ʱ˵һɺЮӿ򲻿֪ʱԨС
ǰӰתһĻĻ棬ǹһУ̤·ʱļϲáÿһͻƾʱĻͺ֤ʱļա
ıϡǰĶԹѪЩȥĹ˺ͳС
һĻĻǰӹ漴顢ɢ١
ֱһ续ٻӰӳʲһϣƴͼȥץס
һĻ棬ȴʧ

ʲͷУɫдʹࡣ
İŮˣɾһ̣ȴ֣ǸŮ˵һУӼĨ֡ϲáԡЦòεΣȫ޷ˣ
ɫдȻĵʹҲʧƸղŵһУͲڡ
һĻĻڸ֣š㡢ɢ
ʲĵĿ־ȴԽԽŨѲЩȥĻ棬ԭӵеġ͡䡱
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ΪʲôΪʲôʲҰް˻
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Ѱһɳƣ͸ſ⣬һë˼䡢СԪݵͯʱڣڵǸͲ֪˭
죬͸𺳡
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Ѱ֮ͨյĵ׶ε츳֮ͨС
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2579 ңҪɱǣ
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2580 Ĺ
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ֻǣӰܾڶԵһ˽⣬Ҳ֮٣඼һЩڿഫĴš
õѰҲ޷˽⵽Ϣ
Σܻŵִ磬ѰԣѾһϢ
ˣ
ͥԺУһСϪСӰǿϢʼʩչһȭʽؼ䣬Ѹÿ˵
Ѱһ࣬š
СϪʮ꣬ӵ־ԲΪҵüʵۺ
СȾտ˵ĵУǿչŵԿԳƵ츳׿ˡ
ǰСϪԣӰУͬ˻кܶࡣ
ѰԾѡ
۲죬Լ׹
ľڣӰֻǸƫƧɽеĴӣɱϾλڵһУ̫ˡ
ؼ֮Ũɽ̲صɽҩԶɱȡ
ңĴϢ̶ۺ񣬳ӯԲ©ӵϣŲ˼档
˽ճʱע֮·㣬ѳ̫̫࣡
磬ڴǧǿλ޵У˵ؾ紫˵еȣ֮磬κ޵еġʥء
¾ǷڴˣҲ٣ӵԶѰԪ
ͬ編ͬǧһªʯݣô磬һɵĳǱ
ڴǧУһսܻأ޷ֻ
磬Ǽޱȵ編۾֮սҲܻٵɽͣһӶѡ
ܻءժµģǲεĴڣ
ʱСϪӵ־ԲΪͷųȭҲֻܴҲѡ
ǿչŵ־ʿɽĵزˡ
죬СϪȭƣԭСѽһ㾧Өĺ飬һʱʵԨ磬Σ
Ѱһ£ȥԳˣȭȴҪһ£֮ʺ㡭
˵ţѰȡһʶ̽УԼһЩָһһ¼ϣݸСϪûȥúÿ˵׼ܰﵽ㡣
СϪӹ򣬻ϲллԨ硣
ѰЦСѾͷԴ
Щ죬СϪÿﶼҩѰҲĸ貹飬һʱ䣬СϪһЩϵָ㡣
СϪȻȥ
Զ峤䴨˹ЦСϪŰһСӰƵĳԶȥ
Сѣָ䴨ʵ
ѰƻָһЩѾӰˡ
䴨¶֮ɫοãСѿҪһЩӰʱҾע⵽Ƽأȴأǿţ粽ػߣȰúϢҲҿóľˡ
Ѱһͷһģ
䴨Ц֪СȻѰ֮ڵ;ϵ裬ҪԶиǿ϶뿪ģ֮ǰܷӦһ£
Ѱһǰ˵
䴨ЩԥĬƬ̲˵ǽչһѡ֮սʱʮ֮£ӵгپΪˣԿԲ뵽УӱͿԱѧС
СϪĸǰˣ׸߳⺢ӽŸʮ꣬ڣ϶ǿ̤㳤پġ
ѰԼˣǰҵʱСϪѧ
䴨æҡͷ⵹أֻС뿪ʱ򣬴СϪһ𣬽͵ǣܹμһѡ֮սͿˡ
ѰЦǰľǣҶȻСϪġ
䴨ưһԳӰˣܾɽУ඼ûʲôʶṳ̂벽һϲͨСЦһ⾰ҲֻȥһΣǵطǷĲˡ
˵в֮ɫˣҲ󣬿ȴСϪ⺢һӶɽСԺкܶ·Ҫߣܲȥʶأ
ѰҲп¸ĸģ䴨СϪүүɶСϪĺǻڴþͱȸĸ١
䴨ûþ뿪ˡ
Ѱط䣬ǰһֱȻ߬ס˫֡
ˣİǿУͻȻɱɫǵɫ⡢Լǽɫӡɫӡ
˿ѰѴܶ϶ЩˣȻͬһӵܹúʹǿ޵
ˣʦֺԼֵʮͷҡҡҡҡҡҡ
˭𣬱Ѫ
Ѱзᶨɱ
ɽ޼ӣ겻֪ꡣ
Ҵʱȥ
Ӱûзʲô粨õѰʵ
չżҲЩһ𣬽ɽԺͲҩʱƣҲϤѰĴڣǵԼˡ
徲ӣԱĥѰԣƵһѵõĳԾȥ˼ĥԺĵ;ӹľֲĲ㡣
ѰοǣȥˣɲǼϹѵ˺ۣѾȻֺˡ
֤صһغת


2582 
к
ԶȺɽԴ䣬ͥԺУһŮϥ
ʹģʮ߰꣬СĻſɿСƨ
ʱϵĴѽɽΪԣΪ˲ߢҩ
ѰͥԺһҡУ΢У̬⣬峿ķŲľµϢ͵ĳ£ۣ
ˡ
Ѿ˴ġҵǰͥԺѧãЩŮѧ
ѰҪģָЩѧ
ʱ򣬴ǶģΪѰУԵ̫ᣬһлδ޸ˡ
СϪΪͻͽʱ䣬ңңһ֮ͬ󣬴ʶѰʱСϪָˣ¿һӣϵ裬ȴˡ
ڣ׷Ÿɽ;ԼҲ׷ѰС
ѰȻָܾܾЩŮʱʩ̣Խ
ÿ˵ıԺ͸ǣרΪǴڲͬĵ뷨
ʵϣĵУϸԪɵУԼһ·㷨ţһͨͨ˵ЩСӣȥָ۾УҲԲڻ¡
οǹһ棡
ЩŮĽǺԵģԤڣϲ⣬ԴѰʱԷĵľƣԼˡ
Դˣ峤䴨ҲοѣʱпԺЩ˳ڴȡõĳɾͿ϶ҪЩߣҲߵøԶ
ˣ峤Ǳһħ˶̶أԶһֻ̽ĴǾա
̶
ЩͥԺдŮǽ궯
ĪҪģȥ
ҡУѰ𣬵Ȼ쳹УֱĵõЩŮƽ
СϪҿܺô˵ءѰĿ⿴СϪ
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ʱ䣬ѾСϪһŮزããûǰ¶
ৣ
һ̣ѰӰƾʧ
̶ǵطԹһ֮أ峤ᱻ̫Σˡ
ѰߣͥԺЩŮ硣
˵ʦ𣿡
˽סʡ
ʦ
ǴЩŮǶѰơ
˵ʦĴУӵǻۣǣ̫ˣǴˣڻûгϡ
˵˵峤ʦʱ򣬶еϧΪܵƣ˵˵Ⱳ¶޸ˡ
ô˵ʦҲ𣿡
˭֪أɴû˼ʦ֣οǰڡ
ЩŮѰΪغ壬ΪʦǶ֪Ѱ˵飬ҲûѰ֣ҲõǶѰ˴εжЩĲ㡣
ҪҲһȥɣ˶ܹܰһЩæģ
顣
֣
СϪˮĴ۾һɣȳʦʱ˵ר˭ٸҺ˼룬ҿɾͶˣ
˶ʱ졣
ȥµСϪٲȻЩŮǵͷͬ޵֣š
ԨȻ֣϶ǿԽүүǰȫȻģСϪૡ
û˵ʱϲѰԨ硣

̶
걻Ѫɫƣ񣬱׽ء
ܾǰǵĴǰ̽ãڽѪɫĶ̶󣬾ȥ޻أûгֹ
£ǵĺ䶯֪޵ǰ̽Ѱȴû˸ðȻС
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֮ǰһбҪɱһͷޣ˭룬ȴų嵽̶ڵ
Ǹ뷵ʱѾˡ
ǴĴ⣬һͷȻֻ׼۾ΪȴӵŹƻĵŻǱϢɱΣϡͿر˵ء
峤ô죿ʣĿ⿴䴨
䴨ҲĬãŵô죬ֻܡˡ
͸Ʋסľ
˲
ͣ
أһɫӰŨŨѪɫӳһͷòʨȴںƬ̣ͫͷѪɫǵޡ
䴨Ȼһ۾ϳ֮ǰ׷ɱͷޡ

ˡ
һ֣ƤëͷһȦȦڹ⣬䴨˵ԸС
ʱ䣬䴨˵ôͣʶҲûج
һԱ͵ͫ׷ʣɬͳ
ǰһǧ֮أǶ̶һ꼳ȡݣ˭ܰȡұ뿪
ȥɡ
̧צӣһӣǵѪɫУʱֿһ·
类Ǻ䴨ˣһܰ㣬̧·ǰȥ

ûãһԼĪɷΧĺɫˮ̶ҰУˮ̶ܣѼһصĹǺѸ࣬ΣҲȺ飬˲֪ã˲
ˮ̶ϷһƵѪɫͣǣˡ
̶
һδ֪Ĵ֮ء
ԶԶģǵΪһԾˮ̶УмǣҪȥЩѪɫ
䴨˻ȻûвΣƵģһǿ˹ȥ
ৣ
ɾڴʱһεӰͻأƾճ֣䴨ǰȻѰ
峤ǻȥ
ӰΣЦڣѰһ仰䴨˶Уȴӯźʥ
䣡
䴨ֻ׼ƵǺ꣬˼ʱֻج״̬ѹ
ֵԨ
Ѱʱһ㶣ɫˣһͷֱðʶѰ֣Ǽܾͻڲ֪׶ĪĶ̶
᲻ܴ˵Ӱ죿
ԶһԱ̵ͫͻȻֵѰϣ־ŭ
СѣСޣóƻģڲ֪׹УɱᣬԻᱻƿأ
䴨ɿѣɫ価Ǽɵ
峤ģһֻѣƲʲôˡ
ѰЦ
⣬ǵӵζȴ䴨˶⡣
ǵӡУѰһǫѷƽ͵ˣǻǵһμѰǿƺһ档
Զзһɬĵͺ𣬻ƤëڹתһȦȦ㣬Ѱһֶȥ

Ѱзڽ֮ɫĸ˵
䣡
һȦȦڹȻը飬类쫷ϯƵģɢʧţʹ˻С
ͼ˫ͫըѡкͶнԱѪ̱ڵϣҵغݺݳ鴤ţ쳹ء
Ѱ̽һץǾ޴ٿƴСѰ֮ء
䴨˶ʱĿɿڴ



2583 
Сѵĵлָˣ
֮࣬䴨ʡ
ѰҡͷûУĿǰҲͻָһҵʵ
һʵ
䴨˶ӣһ£δָʵܹǺŪڹ֮䣬ʵǳ׻ָָöǿ
ǰԸֻǰ󷢴ȱһ
ѰУС౶ĺģɪɪӶ˳
˵ظǵѪɫУֲѲӵοڴ˵ģѰʡ
ûɱԭڡ
Сںܶǰ̶żȻõһöǽ䣬ϣٲ̶Ϯˡ
Եúʵ˵ţ³һöǽ
ĳ޹Ǵĥɣʵشϣ޻Уȴģ֮ء
Ѱһ۾ͿǽӿһǺѪɫзֲͬһԴ
̶Уһ꼳ȡݣѰöǽ䣬ʵ
СҲԴӻöǽСľʱΣǶ̶һˮҡҷÿһƬҶӶĪĹơ
Ѱ˼ΪβԼȥһ̽
ڨڨСĻ̽һΣɲѡ
ԼҪҵڲƭյһŭȳ⡣
ίǶɱɿܻᱻյ
䴨˽һ
ô˵ɱ㣬ԩˣ
ѰЦЦ
æҡͷǰǾ˶ͬȻɱСģҲ֮УֻǣǰС֪ܸģķϣСһ
Ѱָתһöӡٿڣ߷һʹİҶ죬Źƽ
лǰɱ֮ɫ˳
ԺӰ壬䵱ػޣǧ֮ڣڵĽͻữ⡣
Ѱڴڼģػһʱɢף
ݺݵͷгɿǧʱѣԣȵ
峤ǷУѰʡ
䴨ˬЦٺòˡ
Ǿ뿪˵֮ǰҪίλһ¡
Ѱ˵ţһӣͽ䴨˺Ǻһ
Ŀ⿴һĶ̶һз˵Ĺ⡣
졣
ˣ
ѰһԨХƮ⣬Ƕ̶ڽȥ
ɫ̶ˮҷˮӿֳһ˵ѪɫɺƵġ
ѰгԾѣֲԹûܹ뿪ЩҪ˲
䣡
ˮ̶ҷ糹׷ƵģһѵѪɫԨȴ뻢ڣƾ٣Աɵ丵βʣ
ЩɵѪɫ򣬽Իһ֡ϡս磬ͱ֮˫ɵڤظ
ԴˣѰѼֲ֣רΪɵڤظ֣ССɡ͡Сڤ
Ҳ˵ڵ򣬾һĸ壬˫СɡСڤͱС
ĸɵڴʹĸɱͬʱҲȫͬ
һֱĴԨУҲԨһֽ΢ĴʱƣõԵˡ
¡
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Ѱϵǣ̶Ǽ֮ֱִǧɵʱ򣬽Ԩڿһص̹Ӱ
ˮ̶ײһ߲Ұ׵Ǻϥǰһࡣ
ǣȴһ
һ̹ӰϸȻһҡҷ˵ݣҶʮƬҶӣÿһƬһɢɺɲϢ
մȾһ˿ͻ񶾵䣬ħɵ³
⾹ġ
Ѱһһݣ
Եúܲ˼顣
ѰǣһΣ֣һصͼһݸС
䣡
һ̶̣ҺȻļ
ţ
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ֻɫȴҲ̹ǰ㺮䣬õǼ޵ݣһȻ˵ϡ
˿̣Ʋʲô촽΢̣ȵĻȣһ̣Ƿ˾ӰƾŲƶȥ
¡
̶ڵȻըɽӿأʮƱ
ţѰӰһƵģŲƶ
ʱԨڣűѹһݣɢɺϢ
֮ǰһ߹Ǻ̶ͬѾɢڡ
Ѱû뵽αǾ峤䴨Ƕû룬һ׮˼컯
²ⲻݣһıԴƷ༫ߣǵؽɱȡ
ֻǣʲôƷףѰ㷵Ӱٺúò̽һ
ɵѰ׼뿪ԶգٿӿֳһӰɫĺ£һ޾ѵļ壬ʵȫڲס
ֻǣɫ̫䣬ҲˣһǸĿȥעӺʹ
Ѱ΢΢һջĿ⣬תҪߡ
ȴŮסǰ·㽫̶еȡˣ
һ˿شԣͳϣǾþλɵһƣɼŮ򵥡
ݣ
ѰһüĿ¿Ůӣʲô
Ůüһ壬ҪװͿˣ
ѰЦװͿ񣬸£ھÿ򣬺Ը
̧ųǰȥ
ŮüͷۼѰһһǰһԸʶҪ·
ɳϵǣջÿˡ
ѰƳһۣˡ
˵գڱﳤȥ
ĿӰʧŮ͸͹°֮ɫҲһ𲻶
Ϊһѧλ֮һλһ򶼳Ƶ죬µŮӣ˿̵ȴ޷ƽ
룬ֻǼԶһɽѣƫƧǣֻˮʮǳ֮һ
ˮݣǶڶݾеһ
Ůӵݣ˵Ƨˣˮݣеһ֮ҲñϹϾ
ڶԺյЩö֣
ڣĽҰ֮أȴضԴŮ֮ǰ̲ס֡
գסˡ
Ϊӵһۿ˵ʱǱʶͲƵزһ˿Σյĸо



2584 в
Ӱ塣
Ѱʹ峤䴨һ𷵻أѽȴǵĴǱһ󻶺һ˻ˡ
˽̸ʱѰԾصһʱ뿪صԼͥԺС
ʦ
ѰӰ֣ЩĲɵŮǣһ۾۰ͰͿѰ
ѰЦûˣǼ
ûˣ
ЩСһﶼһ㶣󶼵ɴ۾Ȼ
Ҿ˵ˣʦһ˭棿
һСӼС
ƨ֮ǰ˵ʦмܳ״ģ
ֱӽҴСӣõСǺˡ
ҲҲǵʦûжģǲҪ˵
Сӽ硣
ۼģСϪʱվüСȳʲôأϽ죬ר
˵ʱˣ׷ױ죬¿ʼ
ѰСϪСԴֲ
СϪ¶ıݣף崿СдԺǲõԨʧģ
ѰЦЦʾ;ֱ߽˷䡣
ϣڳ˯Ƴƽȣ޷ԴݵİϣȻһƬ꾲ףɴŲ԰֮ɫ
Ѱһϧһѹĵĺɱ
գɱǣѽͷ֮ޣ
ѰһЩ궯ֱ侲ջؿĿ⣬ڴһϥ
ԨȻӿ֣Ѱʶ̽УͼһݾܱѹҶƬ֮ƵɺϢԵ֮Ŀġ
ѰҲʶˣϢУжϳ조򡱵Ʒףף
ֻǣ׼Ʒƾо޷жϵģҪһ̽Ѱ
Ѱ̤㲻;Ϊȥ̺İء
ǷҪ̵ءѰܾᡣ
һѰϲԥˣؼǣһǺйأһɱԴݣޱ죬ѰҲЩ᲻á
ˣţԺ̤㲻;ϣһЩغҲ١
죬Ѱ¶ģԨ𣬴㾲һ
Ըҩ鵤޸һ˴룬Դ¯ܹС
£սָֻ۷ʱһ룬ѰԤУ׻ָʱԼʵػһɱ䡣
ĥѣƶעһͬڻеҲעúͬ
Ȼ䣬ʯһȻ
ۣλƯ
죬ûǴ峤һһǳĴСĻӿڳ
ǡλĺ
ЩѰü߳˷䡣
ͥԺУЩ۵Ůע⵽Ѱʱʱ׷ױ죬ʵʵϥ
ھͥԺԶĴڸ䴨ڸһŮӽ̸
Ůɫ멣֬ѩ׾Ө޳ڣѰ֮ǰˡ
ʱѰһ˿ײâֱ˹ȥ
ͬʱ䴨ҲѰһȳЦСѣãΪܣλԶѧݴˡ
ͬʱŮ˸Ҫ̽С䣬Ÿδأû뵽ȴˡ
ſЦ
Ȼ䴨ʶСݡŮǰĿĺܿܲ򵥡
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ͬʱѰʹ˸ɫСѣѧҪСЩĪǶ޵һʥء
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ѰĿ⿴ݣ˵˵ɣʲô
ݷתϵͱ֮ɫ紺㻯⣬¶һ޾׵Цݣƺִܵң
ĸоȷѰȻӲ
Цһͣ߷ߣǵĵСݺݣڶУɴӲ˶Դ
ĬƬ̣ЦȥһƯķѰҴ޶⣬ֻһס
Ϊν򣿲ܣ˵ûȱӵУҲס
ѰֱӵУݺͼʶò᲻ļֵжɣ¾ǽףܹó֮ȵı
⣬ȴǿƺӲ
ҧźĴ˵ѣѧԲѧҲվŲٸ߾ӵĲͷţֻҪѿ϶ֵĻġ
Ĳͷ
ѰԺ֣ļҡҡؼҡҡףҡ
Ȼң
ѧǷվңѰȻʡ
ݵ⵹ûУںܾǰҲƵǵİ֮ǿᣬȥڰĲͷ󣬿񡭡ǽ£ڵ򣬴ҲֹۣĻͲֵһ顣
Ѱаɿ
ǼɵңǰʱʹӦ峤䴨ҪСϪȥǲμһѡΣΪСϪܹѧС
ѧҵӰӣѰͲòǣǷҪΪСϪһطˡ
ѣҵΣʡ
Ѱҡͷ֮ǰ˵ֻһ裬˵Ҹ
ԲţɺԣѰҲżļɵһ̾ˣȻԵעǺѧԵǡ
תȥ
ѰȻѡ
ŤͷĿ⿴Ѱ
йؽ飬ϣֻԼ֪ҵļ㾡ѧҲס㡣ѰƽȻ
ݽ΢΢һϸŭ֮ɫв
ѰȻһĨ
䣡
ֻǰʹӿֲֳ׹Ԩ㣬ҰоʬɽѪ䡢Ļ档
бļ޾ľ糱ˮҪû
ǸŮˣӦҪĨвõİ취ǽɱˣԹޣҲһᣬֻϣµΪֹ
Ѱݶʱһֱ˴ˮд̳ĸо޾ľ־ѹ
ѩϸ֬ļϣһ亹ٿѰʱһޱȵǴľ壬Ӿo
Ҳһ̣ʶԼȫڶԷһ֮䡣
Լ̵ĵСݡڶԷУֱͬ裬Ц֮
л飬˵ĻһҲ
һݵף
ϣˡ
Ѱ˵ͷͻֵ߰ɡ
ˣȴٲ˿ŭһظĽѸУǷһ񣬾תҴҶȥ
ԶԶȥǱѣ亹͸



2585 Ī
ĿͶԷ뿪Ѱתء
֮ǰչ¶ɱԷͬʱѽһӡڶԷϡ
ֻҪԷҷڣһЩ飬ôѰһʱȥ
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СϪĵһгһգľ·¸֮󣬻
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2586 粨
СϪȻָųϷԾԨ磬㿴ǡ
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ϣӡһεӰ̤ǿ֮УͷһƮĽԨħ
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2588 һɽһɽ
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2589 
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СϪԺܼˮ֮ɫɻԥԨ磬ġ
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ͺñеġ˰ӿءݸʡһս˰ʶ֮ء
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ףңѰҲİ
ڴǧսڶػʱμڳϯһϯϣѰɱһףصľ۴ۡ
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⣬Ѱüͷ΢΢һ塣
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˼ʱѰƲʲôٿԶ
ͬһʱ䣬һЦӼԶƲ
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ͼƲ飬վһǿᣬâҫ۵ӰٿƾŲƶ
һ֣ԶԶصڱǰڿƣһʶǵذɨ
ڣ


2590 ָ
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о֣𸴵ʵѧҲǻֳϵһԵΪףվףҵӪУһԸѩΪףںӪһΪףںؼҵӪ
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ƾʶٲһϣǵһѵģ¾ͻԼ


2593 
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ˣݺʶȤظǣתȥҲһֱڼԶѩߡ
㣬˵Ǹֲڣ·ϣѩ̲סҿʲôرĵط
Žز¶һ۾ܱ㿴ǻиôЦ
ѩ˼Ҳԣ㣬ĿԴǧ᣿Ҫ֪ѧУҲǸһֻǵؽƷһɹһƿأ£Ҫǲܵ顣
ݵ㰡޵ԴˣǶ֣ҲѧǧִռݾԵĵƣǱ취ѧʱûһλֵĶ֡
ѩݵĸ첲磬ǳЦнڣҾͲôෳĵ顣
ݴ˿ãһסѩϸ֫һֺȻ䲻ץһѩǰ
ѩһһ㿪ϣϼƵĺΣͰ͵㣬ʲô
ЦһԵ۶ҾǺ棬ѩΪôƽԭصĶǶ
˵ţϸ޳ָձȻһԲȣҧźĴԳЦû뵽ԤеҪô࣬ҵˣز¶
٩ϷʵĻѩǾӨնƵĺ͸ˣ˶⵽޴룬֪Ǻˡ
ݲֺǺЦѩһ粻ʳ̻Ƶģѹѵ㾽ȵĽӣǺܺġ
ȻҲȤ
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ͬʱѰҲԾѩӰѵ˵ǰز¶
ѰҡͷȻʧЦ
ʱһ棬ʵӰԶƮȻݡѩǰЦ
λ룡


2593 ɫ
룿
ݺѩһۣȻԤеЩԾ
Ƕɣ㣬ʦƾ񾿾ǻ䡣
Ƿѧĸ֮һǶɣԲЦ£ȥʹ֪ˣ
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㡭ѩҪ˵ʲô
ݴϵѩȻ룬Ǿȥһ˳һƾ˵顣
ѩһ
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δ£ͼһεӰʩʩȻӴ߽һϮ°忡
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2594 ˣô
Ѱĳ֣ǧᡢǶɶ⣬Ϊ̫İϲһǺηʥ
һֱܵľ裬ǲδһʱ䶯֡
ݾϲ֮࣬ʲôɫ֣ӣ˵ǣ
ߣǲˣǧҵû뵽ݳһˣһ֣ϧҿҲһĴɸڴʱ˵أ
Ҳûʲô𣡡ǶЦܽᣬտʼĳԾ޿֡
ʲôط
ѧĺصأӵǣ˵һˣǲðȻ룬ҲᱻѹǱ
ȴѰƲҲδֹԹԴǳеɫһۣŽĿ⿴ݡѩˡ
İɣȻæЩѣѲҵġѰЦ㡣
ǵȻƽĻݶеĽͲԱƽ
Щ
ǧΪԼЦݣһ⣿
ǽΪáǶܷ꣬ۼҪݶ˽ȴ˺һܣΪˬ
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Ķ뽵ңҲԼԡ
ǺͲм˵ţֳǧȥ
㣬ǧ˵棬ףѷǰɱȣɱؼҿ¶Ϊͷѩѡ
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ӣľˣλδѣ˽һеİ취
Ѱ֮ǰ˵ҪԼһζƵϣ¾ףǰҲѰ
һؼҲ˵ʲôǣִѧĹԽ󣬾Խ׵õؼҵӡ
ֻǣܸеܿǷ֪α뵽¾ԼΪ¶ԷûӦˡ
Ͼһ紫Ĵڣܻ̰ʲôɫ

һ죬ݶһιǧᡢǶɵ
Խƹ֮λ
һʱ䣬ѧ䶯ˣӱʮ֮ס׷ǰǴѯ
вһЩҳǧĴȷЩϢĺ󣬽ʶѾûˣ
¶ǧҳϵĽɫҲûȥԡ
ݱкؼ֧֣ѩк֧֣ǧ᲻ˣǾ뷴ԣҲûе
һʱĶ⡣
ϾǰƾλűѹǧᡢǶҲ䡣
һʧȥλĴѧԣһޱȵĴ
ѧڵһĵλܵӰͳ


2595 ׹
º
ĶͻңݽѧĹȨƿأҲ֮ȶС
֪ѧǶһͽֻ֮ڣѧµȴ鲼
ˮ֮Ƕһõӡ
һ򣬿ҲԶԶǴǧսЩλɱȡ
ѧܹΪһÿһյġƷһʳľ޴Ƹ
ȻЩƸľվҪġ
ѰӹĺУǴʳԷѧе飬ᡣ
żҲָһСϪʱ䣬СڡⱾ伮
Ҫӵһڶ;
һɡϽˡ
ߵ򣬱Ȼýؼҵ
һǴء
ڵһ͵ڶ֮䣬ֲšϡ
ϣŲ̬ͬеǿ񱩵ʱ֮еǶѵ޵ش룬Ҳʧ
޵߶ԣȫġϡǷֲڽеġ·
ν·һ֮·Ǻ׺У޵ֻ·ǰУлִ·ͷҲǵڶ֮ء
·ϣȱգ۵·ܣֲֲĹ顣
ǵأҲǾһ
ʶһ£ܵõϽ˻ѡȥǽ·ϴء
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ڡУͼһͨڶĽ·ҼѰ٣һ֮ϡ
ΪָʱҪȥǾ֮Ͽһ
ѰǺ֮ϣʹڣʱʱƺ«С
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鶼׵ˣѰʡ
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˵Ѱ
ÿ꣬ͻѲʹϽ罵٣ھһ֮ڣѲˡݵ
νѲʹԲʹߡ
ÿ꣬ͻӵǰһսɹƷǽһЩܳ޵Ӵߡ
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˵ҶԵһ˽⣬ͼνġ׹ءܾλڶɽǿɽΪƫԶ̣ǲɷԹ񣬼Ըܾڸ
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ݲһ֣ε󣬿Ϲ屦ܵõ翪ͥԼòϣ׸ĻҲΪϱڵС
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һλСϪУһԵϾСϪֻһپС
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ѩһɿ˵㣬Ȳ˵ЩҸյõϢѧλܿͻִѧ˵Ҫǰȥǧᣬһɣ߲ƣ
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ݻҪ˵Щʲôʱ
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ĵһ̣һڣĪҪ˵ɫɸ벻ķۡ
˵вһ˿ĵȻ֮⡣
ĶԼ㺣Ҳˡ


2596 ɱ
Զƶ䡣
ָԶԶݱɽһɽأѧ̾С
Ǳѧ֮һ۽뷢ꪣͰ
˴жӡ
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һϮ£üĿ̤һɽͼϣԣ
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ҵõϢɱǧģݣһصֻǼ˸˰ˣѧ֮λɿܻС
Ϊ׵ĽȻڡ
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鷢Ǳѧͬҵϰñϳͣ˼ʦš
СӿյǲףҶʳָ󶯡
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λ֣ǵƺεȿֲ
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2597 
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ʶڴ˵ȺǣԾڰѧԩ޳ģԷΪλº֣
ݣ϶˹ϵ򵥣
ʦ²³һЩ࣬޵ֱҧ
㻹ӶԶ
һȻڶ𣬶ʦԣһУһƴ㣬͵һ֡
ৣ
һڸŷܷĵĵХ˲䣬һӲӵХ
жǰʦŴӱѧеõرһ
ԭǴڽѧѹݵģڣʦֶΡ
䣡
ɫ׵⻡ɽյһƬϢֲ֮
ȴѰ̽һץԼֳԨӰţɫ类߬סߣɣգ۾ʧ
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ʦð㲻Լ۾˿ͺ͵ǧһޣţױ
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شǣһӭĽȻ磬ب죬Ұȫ塣
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˵ˣǰСϪͳİʦ񡣡
ѰΪȻЦЦ˵⣬׼һǰϻѧĵͼ
ݲԾ֣Ҫʲô
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᰺ɽѧڵء
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2598 
䣡
δɽȥͱҫ۵ӡưɣ丵βʣӿԨڡ
ڣһϮ崿Ů˫
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ңСɺСڤ޷оȻޱá
ʱѧ̫ѱŵԴ¡
ѧǵؽƷһ֮ǰѰɵ̡̫ͬ
ڣȴһ

ȶܣ̫ʺͱѰ߬סһٽ˶ܿƵطȫŻˡ
ҲǼ˴յĺˣ˷˼飿
ڣԺú𣿡Ѱ䣬Ȼʵ
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ұѧ͸ԩ޳ΪΡΪҪô㾿ʲô
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Ѱ˻һֱ̫׻㣬һˣԼܵļҵǣۣ
Ҳļˡ̫ԼļƲϵ
ѰϵǲҲ壬ù֪³Σ
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ңԺؼҡҵĴзͺӳҲڣ˵оյػһѡ
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2599 ׹ ֮
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ȻԷپڣѰȴһԣܵ;֮ԼǷܸԷ

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2600 
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ҰɫڣвϽ֯ײŽһɢΣϢĻ档
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һӰںЩ֦ս
һ£һƲϢȻףҵѲʹף
˿̵ͷһƬããһƵ̢֦ʱԱǰãã絲ס
飡
ɽֲĻɢ
ǰããӰҶȴǵȿֲһһֵס
ڰɫ·ףһЩ֦ɱķ򿿽
ϸ
ףУһӨѩ׵ķگگӿĪگɢΪһƬãã磬ףͷΪֿЩ֦ɱ
սܼң֦ͺͺģȴԵһ㣬Ұɫ¡
ף㲻Ҳƾеطگſסǵɱ
⡭
һЩ֦ɱķףһӵɵùԲ
ʲô
һĿ
УƤţͨ役ڣ޾׽ٵܼĻҰɫ磬֯ܡ
֦ͺͺģ絶ƽսʱްһϣõЩ֦ԻļµĿֲϢ
ףУֱһ׮Ĵ컯ڵ򶼳ƵϺϡ
⣬⼫һɵؽ׾ƷĿ
䣡
͵أһ̢֦ףӰһģͷİãã綼
ɫһ䣬͵һǷگչ
ϣ
Ƿگٿһѩ׾Ө۳һɫսìףС
һ˲䡣
ĵؽ׾ƷͲ޷ѹƣ
ףһȣ𣬺һսɱչ֮ңڶԿֲĻ
ףǿԵһ֮ɫսìָأս֮ǿƥ
ɽɫ䡣
ԣƷףġ򡯣ǿзԾ֮࣬Ⱥͼ
ѵǺĵؽ׾Ʒǡ򣿡
ףͷ̣ܵһͷǡ
¡
ֱƴȫԸɱȻвϿѪϲϸˣ޷ĵĿȣϲˡ
ԽǿζŽ併ǵİԽ£
ûá
սеףͷɢۣѪȾ壬ȴԵޱȼݣһҪƴУҲҪѹļơ
䣡
ûãǿҵĶһ֦ѣƮǴ׳һɻҰɫ磬زڡ
ĿһĪ
ʱףһɷףֹסѪƲޱء
һսҪ
ɵһֳԭεĻҰɫ˴ȴϲЦտЦúϲ£죬Ƕֵ


2601 ɱ
Եߣ
ףӿ˵ϲã뵽Լһʱ½Ϊ֮𺳡Ľĳ
ৣ
Ȼ䣬ףǰһ
һ͵ط֣һѾԼܵˣ
ɲǼ䣬ֿЦ̣ĵϲúͼһ޷ƵĿֲŭȡͷ
˭
˭ɵģ
ͻһĻԭͿѪֹףһѪһס
ԼƤժӣ
ֱǧУ
ৣ
ӱֲâ˲Ͳ׽˵ˡ
һ°ɫˣӰΣһ𽣶ǿǽѹ
Ŀ⿴ȥʱ¶һõЦݣ˻֣лǰնΪҽ
ۣ
ף³һѪ뷢ŭţĿѣָѰСҪɱ㣡
䣡
̤գɱǵذɢ͵ؽָɫսìݺݴ̳
ձݣƥâ俪ռ䣬Բ˼ٶȴѰǵҲǿԾ塣

ԨᵲǰײʱѰı֮
ѰӰһģԴ׼ɱһüʹѪңѹòѪ
Ծ
ףپµ˴֮ǵսȴǿ֮
ͬʱףԾ㣬Ǹɽϣ
ͷᣬܹסԼһǷɽѰ˭
֪磬ɵͨѰİ񵥣ǰϻƵѰӰ۵ı־ǣһ۱
û뵽ĳܱǰϳǡܳѰЦɫ

ףüͷʶЩԾǰѰʧż֮⣬֪
˭뵽һ
Ϊβ
˵ʱѰӰͲԷκһ˿ָĻᣬԨ¡¡죬ѹ£ǿưԵ
ߣС飬ʦӡʦվɲڣƾһ۵桭ʲôˣ
ף֮ɫ󶶶ɫսìҫ۵ն

ɲǼ䣬߽ʮΣԨɫսìײϯʮصɽԺ
ѰϢڣܵѹȣȻѶüսȫԸսɴ·硣
û취ʵ̫ˡ
ףˣɱϾһʵĲڣһһͷųܣίʵڿֲ

أףȣ粻赲һɫսìɱ
Ǵ˿̡
ѰһĨɫ͵ؽԨ߶£ڣڣ׼ɫսì
˲ϢɫսìԨڡ
ǣȴûзһ˿ɫսì类ɰ㣬Բ˼ٶɢ
ףͫȻӲɫսìףҵĵؽ׾ƷۣǱнãǵɱͬ
ڣȿֲһȴ׾ٻˣ
ȫףϣ⧲֮£񶼾һ
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѱ͵ʩչͨһƬҫ۵İããʱ֮ٿɢ
Ѱϣһһ𣬶üɱֶΣףһٿը
䣡
ң糱ϯɢ
ͼףǱ˴壬ֱӱը串ϵķͳͳ߽
ףԪӳͱѰȫգ۾ͳֹѣҪɢ

ʵķУףԪվû֧סȻըûڹС
ৣ
ѰӰһʱԶԶܿٿȥʱͼӿУѾûףӰӡ
λףҵѲʹһλ쵱پѾɵ
ףúܱ
֮ǰһսԭԼУǸ֮£ҲɱѰ
ȴû뵽õͻȻɢһգҲܳ
ȷӦͱѰԽͨһΧǰ£ǰƴȥʯٶܣ
һ׮ԵǰȴԼף֮Ǻεȵı
ȫǺͱûʲô𡭡
ʱѰųһ¶
񣬵һɱһ¶Է֮±ԼɱȴѰģܲѡ
֮ǵԴƣΪβǵ޷ƣ
ѰɴӲŷһס
Ȼ۷״̬ףעʤ㣬һ죬ԸԷضһ
ûе飬Ѱǿ˿Ԩ
ǿĻҰɫѾѹһɱףõѱɣΪ˫ʳ
ϧǣһ˫ԣҲͬ߰㣬ôࡣ
ˣԪ˵νģһɺĵؽ׾Ʒ̴ޱȵأɳǡɷ򡯡
УһϮŮ˫˵ɣҵԻָɡ
ɣѰһ
൱ԪƷܡ˫һ䡣
ԴѰѼ˲˫Աࡣ
ֻǻۣȴܻԼ֪ͼ⣬ԷǷ
ѰһǰǺεƷף
Ҳָܹʱ̬ڵƶϣǰңӦ׾Ʒ֮ϡ˫ش
Ѱ𶯣Ȼˣ
ǰڵһν˫ʱԤУ˫ӵеҲǺپƷˮ׼
Ϊ磬ΨкپƷ֮ܵ飬һӵоƷˮ׼Ҳ޷쵽һ
һҲǣ˫ǴӼԪʱġ˥١нѰһӶӴ浽Ԫ֮飬Ѱɱȣ
ˣܷɷ˫ʵˣһѣȴԵʮ㡣
ðɡ
Ѱ룬ǴӦˡ
ԭǴΪѧ¶һģŷ֣Լˡ
Ψнİسƿ֮ˣƳر
֮ǰѧУǱǧõĵؽƷ򣬾ͨһرá
Ȼǧֻһλ棬ƿǵؽƷİأҲƳر
֮ѧǺ֮ǰͱһλƿأƳܹرѧ
ˣŻᱻÿһι̳кƿء
ѧ̫õҲͬˡ
ղףõĵؽ׾ƷҲһĵ
ҲζţѰܹٶֻҪ޷ƿЩİأҲ޷Щ


2602 ƨ
ɷõزƿغڵ򿪱ɽţһԾΪһ
ļֵڡ
ڣһɱѰеɷΪ˫ġʳ
Щϼһƿڴﲻɡ
ɶѰԣ̸϶ۡ
ԨڣСڤСɣҲдӶ̶ȡһ
ѰѾ˫Ŀе֪һżԵغѿƷҵˮ׼
ˣѰûϾԶǵؽɱȡ
֮ܶѰУ֮µȫԸ˫СڤСɳ䵱ʳġ
Ψ֮ϵֵղء
ϼһļҵδ̫ˡ
˫ͼȡɷͬʱѰҲûţʼףϵõսƷ
ʧǣһλȴֻһɿۣƷֵƣȴûʲôѰĶ
ǼɲʴıﶪԨѰֱ޴ȥ
ɷ򱻽⡰׹ءгĹѾʧõѰһ·ɾͷع֮⡣
ЩǺñ
⣬Ѱȣн֯һҰɫ磬ײбŽһ֮
ĵУ޷úƿȴռ֮ɱУ
𣡡
ԨѰչж
ÿһռԵ̽նִ̼ԨһһЩ֮ʱջ֮УõѰо¾һЩҲоֵͦġ
һ
н֮֯𣬼Ѱٲ
Ѱ뿪
Ԩڣռ֮𣬾нİٵĿƾˣ

ѧ
ѾһˣףǰȴôĪǷʲôʣ
һڣҵѲʹӳü
ȷЩ
ԱߣƵĺздһ˿֮µĲɲټ
ӳһ˼ƺףǰأ
зٵЦʵǰãףҲŸյõһ⣬ϾҪǨõвٴĽ
˶٣˺ӳһۣ˵ĵĻҿпҲйףجİɣ
ӳһУЦղͺãΪҪ˵͸أ
зЦ˵جǿ϶ᴫģϾףһжѣҲû֪ġ
ӳɵ˵ͷȻĿ⿴λϵѩѩǼ㿼ǵô
ǰ飬ѩԸ⣬ԴǰУǰʱҪѩҵһλ䵱檡
檣
ʵͺûʲô
һλɫڣ̷Ƿĵȥ£䵱檣Դζ
ںӳɿڰѩ
ΪһĽɫͲʸΪҵĹ䵱檡
зĿҲѩһƷƵģŮɫȷ䲻ףֻǣˣԺһ˭ΪǺЧ
ӳЦȵĸ󡲻ңԸΪҺЧģһץһѡ
ʱͼѩһݹˣѩһ޵޷檵ĽɫһԺǳʲô鷳ҡ
ӳɫһ˵ʸ𣿡
ݽһףϢŭ
ȴһֱһԲѩһˣڵһǱС
㱻ܾúӳɫúѿ
зߣɣ֪ĻǺεѵãˣԴҲȰ㻹˼˼ܽУǿĸ֡һֱһ򣬴ע޷̤ϲ;
ѩ졢ͷԲԵþǿᶨ
úз⡣
ӳɵɫˮǲʶôˣҲǿ㣬Ժѧλãø˰ɡ
һ仰͵ڷѩĸݣ
ѩɫȻδ˵ʲôֻȴӿ˵ʧ
һֱΪ֮Чĺң
ǵ
УԼȵ桭ҲվǱƾڲӰ
̲סˣ
ˣѩЩһֱΪ£ȻûʲôͣҲʲôѩһλɡ
ž
һǶմ޾ϣӰһ򣬲㷭ڵء
ٿϣǺѪ
˵ˣû˵ʸǷ飡ӳоǱĲмζ
һ޷ݵŭӿͷͬΪ澳ڣںӳȺУȴǿ̤ϰĽɫ
ݣҵ飬ҪٲϣҲס㡣зߡ
з䣬ЩһֱΪؼ£ɻġĽ
ѩְλѧĹҲˡĬƬ̣ҧڡ
зһ޷ݾҪЮŭЦ
ˣΪʲôЩûҺؼҵ֧֣н죿֪ж£вңֱǲ֪
һɿֲϢӺзӣɱӿһᣬҪôߵͷҪô̾ͷ㣡
ݱòҵ
ѩˣ絶ʣݱǣۣ
̧ףӳɣˣҡӦ
仰˵ʧǣĻҰ֮
ڲŴӦˣ
ӳᣬȥ檣Ǹᣬȴ֪ʲôϧˣ˾ˡ
ܷŹҽ㣿ѩ
зƤЦⲻЦˣҪ֪֮ΣҵȲУҲϲ𣡡
Ҳͷ
վӱ䣬ͬΪ棬ƾʲôǾҪ߸ϣзǰҫڵЩУҲ˵ûʲôɣ
ڵڰʮͷ㡭ƨ

зŭ뷢ŭţһʱһƳȥ
⺬ŭһɱУɲ֮
ݺһϣȴ£ѻȥˣĻ£
޷Ǿһˣ
ֻǣƴ֮ʣһȻ
˵ƨ㻹
һεӰƾճ֣ۻӶ
䣡
ɱʱɢֽ꣬ͬ㲻
ԶĺзֱӱһƷɳȥݺԶǽϣмУ˶Ƕǽڡ
ڱѪʹУͷ֪Ѷٸ嶼ںݺݳ鴤ɫд˾ŭͺȻ
˭
Ǽһ˭



2603 ֮
зһش
УأԻڻصѰղŵĻ
˵ƨ㻹
ͻһĻݡѩһӷӿڵľϲ
ƾնӰѰ˭
Ǻˣ
ӳҲ巢оɲ
һܽзˣúӳҲܵ˼ѹ
ž
شģǺһƣʮ㣬úӳӰյɳȥݺˤڵϣһѪ
֮ǰΪݳ飬һƴϡ
ڣҲΪһ仰Ѱ֮֮
ݺѩĽʹ֮֮ǰǱзӳ裬һӵŭ𣬴˿йĻᡣ
Ϊ֮ˣȴһЩΪ潵ĹǺѵһԺѰ͸ż
ӳͷɢе󵨣֪ԺҵѲʹ±壿
壿
ѰЦǺǰԵˣ㶼вҪȫ壬湻ŵģ㣬Ͳڱɱˣ
ӳһ𣡣
ݽס֣ŮǺҵѲʹҶɱǻҵɱ١
ӳЦ޿Ƶģеɱңҿ㾿Ҳң
ۣ
һɨӳͷ­ն䣬Ѫ䲱Ⱦգͫ׵ɴѰĸº֡
ݺѩҲסɱˣ
Ѱ˵ɱģҶûôˣǾܾˣǻʧ
ݣ
ѩ
ǶѲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҵѲʹ˵ɱɱɴѪһĻǵһǰδе𺳡
ѰѾĿ⿴ǽеĺзأҪҪҲһ
з鴤ľ֣ҡͷҪҪɱҡҪɱҡ
ۣ
һзλԺؼҵѲʹҲնɱ
ݺѩӣ˴ķ޷ƽӳɵ𾪣зǸе㤣
鷳󡣡
Ѱɫƽο֮£ֻ֪ȻǺҡؼҹҲһԶƵףϡ
ף
ݡѩһ
ģףõһͼǰɽѰзͺӳɲһԵף̣Ҳһǰɽ
Ѱһ˵ţۻӶӳɺͺзʬѪˮԱĨһգʧһɶ
ȻףˣԶûٻ
˵⣬ѰЦſݡѩǾãΣ
һɵ䲻һؼҡҵһǰɽ̽
Բ鲻κ
Ѱ֮䣬ңҲϲỳɵϣϾǵҲɱףȲ
԰ʶʲôԾ֣ףˣ
ѩҲĿ⿴ȥ
Ѱͷ϶ڽʱѾˡ
һһΪš
ʶСȴѰŲĿ⣬ɿȵΪǱɱģ
Ȼˡ
Ѱаĵǲ
֪ˣ㡭Ѱ
ѩطУѰ޷εζҲֻŲµЩ壡
ѰȻϲµﲻģɲֹһˡ
ѩҡͷ˵ףгǰɱǧᣬҲ˵ļгЧļҵıѧ̫Ѿױ㽵˽֪ǱͨѰףҡļҵжд̡
꣬ѰʱЦˣѣλѩû˵ǰ򵥰
ԭѰ˵ѣڸݣڼѰЩʱҲ˿ް¶һ˵ЦݣԼ򵥿ɲζžǱ
ѩ۷⣺ԭѰ˵¼ʱòˣͲϻ˸ҺͲŸɣ̫˼ˡ
ҲпȷˣЩ޵ǣЩУ֮
ѰȻֻ˵£ҪСϪ
һֱ
ΪԼǣŴǰ̵崿Ů
ݺѩԴӦ
Ѱʼһ˼ޡ
ֻһ߾ܳ׻ָҵ׶ε츳ͨҲڽھ;ѣõҲΪӣ׵
ףзӳɵδѧκηˣΪû֪λѲʹѾ
ѰݡѩԺף˵ʧػע⣬ò˶ãͻǰ̽
ϾѲʹлһλͻȻʧһ벻עⶼѡ
ЩѲҪ
ѰѰɣ¾ıʲô˿ʱֽɡ
ʱš
Ҵһ¹ȥ
һ죬̵ĺ֮ϣеѰٿ۾һεҲǴɢ
γףӳ
ĬעԶã֮أһ类Ѱ㣬ޱȵĲԼ䣬аããʱۣ֮ԽԽŨԽԽʢҪڱƵġ
صѰ֣̽ʳָһ
ˣ
̵ĺϿգһʱѺϢس֣Ӱ֯Уճһֵʱ֮ţ޾ƮʱͿռİײֲޱߵϢ
Ǻı̺ٿСһˮƵģವһʱ֮ڣʧ
ϸʱ֮ڣһĺڰͨһԨ磬Ǳĵ֮·˽һۣ궼һֱɰĸоǹ졢ŵ磬ֲ̫
ңһŻӿֱҪƬءԼеﶼקȥƵġ
ҲڴʱѰ͵طһƺߡ
ţԶһصʱŻ֮ɢʧ
ѰٴϢһĴ˵ƣ֮ӿȫõȫ亹͸
ֻǣüȴܡϲá֮ɫ
֮ǰӿֳʱŻŸովѵĵ׶츳ͨ
֮ţ
һʱͿռں۶ɵĽͨһʩչܹҷûһƬ֮Ԩʱ磡
ǵ˱֮ţǾͽھ֮Ԩ޷ֱ
֮ͨǵ׶츳֮ͨСȣ֮šɸͽɣͨǣʱ䡢ռ߰أܹ򿪡֮Ԩʱλ档
ɺܷ˼ȫѰǰԤ


2604 뿪
Ѱһϥأʼ
ԺУɿػղʩչ֮š΢ϸڡ
죬Ѱóۡ
֮ſʱʱͿռ䷨ֲ֯ѰɣǾ۵棬Ҳסˡ
ڲ
ѰЩджϣͻȻϮ֮£ͬپεĲҲ꣡
ϧվûнйսѰҲѾ׼ƶϡ
ڷ֮ڣǾ֮Ԩ֮ˣ޷Ϊʱλ档
ֻǣѰȴһɻ
֮Ԩʵڵ磬磬ΪλʹԨ츳Ĺ
УȻд
ڵʩչ֮źֻ֧һʱ䣬ҲζţǽҪͷϲ׶ͨ
Ѱһ˼һߴ
ղţʩչ֮ź󣬲㽫һͿգȻ;ƿ֮С
֪ĵУھ澳ж޵Уۺ֮
ʩչ֮ź󣬽һѣͺĵһųҵ֪ͨεȱ̬
սУһûбɱĴͻΣ
Σѵ׶ε츳ͨɵѰһɰɱﵡ
ԡ
Ӧɱﵣ
ڴǧս̫żʱ֮ͨ츳֮ͨСͱӡѰ֮ء
Ѱ츳ѣ֮еķӡҲ֮õѰһʱõͨĴаء
֮УתնУͬƽɡ
ϸԪӣ֮ͨһʱնһУ
Ҳ˵ѰϣѼˡ֮š֮СڴԨ׶εͨ
츳ľϣѰȫµ̨ףȫµľ磬úǰȫͬˡ

ʱ
Ѱһлָ룬ջסһ֮ܵĳ嶯
Ƚͨķѵ̫ˡ
һµľޣѰֹǾ츳Ҳϣʵָ۷״̬
һУǾ۵澳Բ磬ܺսǰȫͬ
졢ƾЩ۵棬׾پͽɱȫԲУ
֮֮ͬ޷ѰӣɵģǲεĴڡ
˵俰Ƶһһһĸأϧȴʺϳʱ
Ѱ
һȫȥȡƬصһǻ𼫴ĶȫǱޣݱɽ̲صܻģӰ쵽ѧ޵ߵ
ܶʱѰǽԴһЩҩУǵҲ֮ޣջ֮£ĵԴҲƾˡ
һ£Դͱĵǧţ
ֲЩﶼԸǰһ򣬵ԽߣԴԽӴڵ۾Уһѿ㸣أڲУ¾ͲĿˡ
ѰǾ۵棬ɵе̹ۺʱҲһֱڵһΪҪһ¶
˼ʱѰӰҡϵһƵģٿͳ񷣬ԽԽߡ
һ򳤡ɡɡ
ֱִʱѰʼܵɲѹȣòΪת
ɶݵԽԽߣǹѹҲԽԽ󣬵ĵУٶȶѹƵࡣ
һжѰɳܵķڡ
ֱִ֮ʱѰֻǰȻһ䣬޾ǿҰӿ֣ǳ˸㲻ĲȻǻԡ
Ӵ˵ظɽӴأһϸ߰㣬Ȼççݱɽһֻ򾡣
Ǳǽ·ô
ѰǵһۣͿһĻ澰һبǿеص;ŲȻԵǳ̳¶ɡ
ԶԶһһ޾ǳ֮·
Ҫߵ磬ַֻʽһǵõϽĽһǴء
Ŵ֮䣬Էֲšϡ
·԰ȫһֽϣУҲྪɾ֮·ִߵ֮С
ֻǣվֻǼ޵߱˵ȥ·ˣ̤ɸ߿նѣ
Ѱһڵ澳п޵Уһ·Ͼɸ߿գܵѹȡ
֪۾Ǹܰ쵽һ
աڡмأ·ϲȱգ۵·;ϣֲɲ顣
ʱ򣬾ǵдأҲǾһ
ʶһ£ٻѡȥô
ݡѩЩһĵ澳ڣ֮ԹΪЩЧ޷ҲϣһܹõЩĽӶʵ뿪һĿġ
ǼûпǹҪȥ·Ϊ̫Σգ
ĬĬһضҫ۵Ľ·죬Ѱء
Ƚһ鰲׵ͻ뿪
ѧ
λѴ뿪һ򡣡
ѰҵݡѩżɽλԸ⣬ǿԺһ뿪
ף˵ػĲ̽
ȻѰѾΪɣվֻһɣЩ߸ϵĲ壬ɴǲġ
һǽŭйݡѩͷϣǾ֮֡
ѰӦԣ뿪ˣ˭ܸݡѩ
ݺѩ⣬Щֲ
Ҵȥ··;ϻһЩգаտԵִڶ򡣡
Ѱ˵
ǡĿԸһߣ̲ס
Ѱͷ£ػʣ֣֮ܵԸ⣬Ҷλ뿪һ򡣡
Ը⡣
һֱû˵ѩѿڶѰݶһ
ѩһ죬˵ԸһжֻҪ뿪һ򣬾Ҳ⡣
Ҳܶģѩǹ¼ҹˣ¾ܹ׷лҲܵЩӡ
ҲζţԺǰߵУǲܵ顣
Ѱ飬¿ϣ
֣һߣСϪô죿ʡ
Ը⣬Ҳһߡ
Ѱ
ҵСϪʱ崿õŮزõӰԡ£ҫۡ
ѰҪ뿪ʱСϪҲ⧲֮У̫ͻȻˣһʱ˼ҡ
ѰһļҾڵһӰ壬ǸѰ뿪Ҳ֪ҪòܷأСϪΪᡣ
ҪżϣһٻӰһˣʱٸҴ𸴱ǡѰҲСϪĵľᣬο
СϪݺݵͷ
ڵ죬ѰݡѩСϪһȻ뿪ѧˮݡǡӰȥ


2605 ʶ
Ӱ塣
үү䴨˺ܾúСϪ۾׵߻Ԩ磬Ҫߣ
Զ䴨ЦСܴѾͷȥǸߵУ˱Ҳ޲ĸֻԺ󣬿ɾֻ鷳СշѾͷˡ
ѰСϪļʾοų䴨Цǰıǡ
үүҲڵʱҪౣأһҪһСϪһ˿ʣܲᡣ
ҿɾ͵ඡ䴨Ц
죬ѰСϪݡѩһ𣬷ҡڤ֮ϣ
Ҳڵ죬ѧ
һȺԺ顢ףĴ٣ѧΪ֮䶯
Ҳʱǲŷ֣ݡѩˡ
εһĻҲĴüѣԾ
Ϸƶһ¡
ǴڣΪ׵һλ߳ڡ
˶Ŀ⿴ȥ
ףǬ
һλͬپǵһλΪġʦ
˵ӵжص࣬ƾѪ츳ݵ಻˼
ףǲףǬǰƾǶص֮ףʧԭ
ϾףһλʧڵһجҲף˼䶯
ˣ
һɬ첨һöڴŽ۵ĹףǬǰɫׯ࣬˫дʣһ쳣ɬӵĹŹ
ռžûãͼڵĹһҲɢһƬƵ⡣
һ𾪵Ŀע£һĻĻģĻӳֶȻޱȲӣǻǱϳеĺȻףеõһ͡йصĵͼﳤȥ
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ɽ
˳Ծϳǵط
ЩĴнһԭףȻȥѰˣ
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˻ȻԱһĻ
ûпףģɴģѪȵĻУȴǿף֮£ڵУ
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˾ɲ
ȻǱ
ףǬףɫ¡
֣ܷǵ˭˲ʡ
ףǬüУ֮ɱףĵˣڶأ޷źƶϡ
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òɱǧᡢǶɵ˰ɣü
һǴɣ
˶ͣΨ˽ͣź
ҿݡѩʧҲȻйأΪǲŻǰ뿪
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һμʲôʱ򣿡ףǬ磬վڴЩȺʵѧ
ǰڰǰҼǵúһæ
ףǬʱüô˵Ѿǰ¾뿪ˣ
ǸϢ
֣ܷҲΪҺؼҵĺзƶһ򣿡
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˵һյѾϨͭóݸףǬ
ףǬһ͵ͷɡ
ˣ
巢⣬ֽ̽һɬķӡͭڣ䣬ڵĹٶ˷⡣
ûãһĻĻӳֳ
ξޱȣеľ󣬺ȻǴ
еĺзͷɢģ棬һεӰֻޱģϲʲô
ǻǿݡѩӰҲڻУ
ܿ죬һ֣зնɱʹɢ
ؼЩɫޱȣڸȷзҲǱ
£Ȼݡѩйأҧݺݿڡ
ζţҺҵĺӳɡҲˡЩҴҲŭɫ
ԭһɱ¾ͷڴ˵أͺðˡ
ʱףǬȴ¶һ˿ЦɢˣԼ룬һĲһ̱ת˶ʢĲ෨û
Ӱ٣
죬͵ط˫ʮָһ
ǰһһĻĻ˼ľۻӳǴС
ѰһܿһĻĻ棬ڴ˻ɱӳɡзʱľ
ЩٶӳǴڡ
һĻĻ۵׵ǣɫһ粻жϳϸںࡣ
ֻǣ˶еɵǣЩУɱӳɡзľӰһֱԵúģ类ĳĪڱΣ޷ò
Եü䷴
ͲӲ
͵أףǬȣɫɲͷһ͹ԣеĹһھѪ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬һĻĻޱѰԭģľӰҲǳɲǵݡ
ҲɲǣڵĹһȻ顣
ףǬ򷢳ʹĴУӰһģǵڵأѪ˫Ŀ䡢ǿסвʳ
˾ܵɲķɣ鴤һĵгֳ˥ܵľ
̶̼䣬Ʋ꣬ή䣬ɱ񣬷ϵƣή˥£
ȫԾѻȸ
һһʦȴΪҪƶϺͿһ˵ݣܵ˿ֲķɣ˶𺧣з
һЩ۾֮жϳףǬλĵУܾʹ˱ϵ޻ָĿܣ
̫ˣ˲
ʱףǬͬ񣬷˺ѷΰԹ
ǸķɽѰ
ղһɲڲ׽ѰݣͬģҲΪһɲǵĻ棬һĲС
֮أ˶бĸо
ֻƶһ澳˵ȴǵ˽ɿµķɣ֮ǰû뵽ġ
֪ˣ
ϧ˵ʲôˡ
ʲô
䶯ֹЩѧĴɵˣԲĴǣɫ䣬ŭӡ
Ѱ
磬˭֪ܲŵģǺε׺һ
ǰż֮һѪս񻹶вϴ˭ָˣ
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ʧ֮ǿչŵķ紫ˣ˵һ
Ļš˲
˵ЩԵĲǵ򡢵ڰĴǣ¶Сڴǧս޾Ѫȵˡ
þõĶС
˶ԤУʱ꣬Ѱĳ֣ؽĺ䶯ʱĿ⣬ͶһУ
Ѱ֪ʱǴе飬»ҵǰ뿪ľϡ
Ļһ粨ֹǣݡѩв


2606 ɱ¾ͷ
ڤ֮ϡ
ǽ·ʮŹ
·ϣѰоԼС
ǿձǴССҲһ㣡
Ѱһ·
ݡѩСϪԱԨڡ
˱磬ɽӽǳЩѼ䱦ղС
ң顢ЩҲһֱѹС
ȻѾͯĵʲа񡭡
ѰУһͯ͵ʲ޹ԺлʱǻΪúðһǰ̵ġ
ǻתҫѤá
·֮ϣɲĽӿɲѹ
һ۾Ѵ粽С
Ѱԣѹֵö⡣
һǧ֮ңԶһϮƮ裬ǿеһ¶λꡣ
ʵϣ·֮ϣȷûκ;Ŷ嫵ǿա

ǿУһƬǱ񱩵ĺϯһŲ·һ̣Ѱܵǵȣ·һȼյľ޴һΣޱȵϢ
ϣ
ԨڣХ㣬˺ѳգһϮ
ŽУǱڣȻһӴӰģˣȴȴŰŤǳһȼյǳˡ
ս
һֹɲ顣
ţУ·֮ϵǿߣѵ־ͻᱻռΪһſǳ
ʱĻۺЩǳͻᵮ壬Ҳ⡰ս
ûǻֻۣһִ˭ͼ·ܵǵɱ¾
ѰѾܵʮƵϮѼֲ֡
ŵһ
ۣ
ǳǳսͱնɱɢʧͬʱһҫ۵ʯͷ׹䡣
Ѱ̽һץͽ
쵰СӨ͸ȻǳһȻƥĴ
աڡмأǡǺˡǳսڡ
ÿһֵǺˣӡŲͬĴϡһŵǺˣֵʮԴĹЧ
Ҵ˱Դ۱Ȼġ
Ѱռſ֮࣬ᣬȷ֣˱ԼԼ
ʶһ·ЩһЩǳս
ԭǣ֮·̫ˣȤããǿգ飬ֻԼһǴǰС
ʱ˻ãʱˣδ̫ζ
ʮ
Ѱڸܵ˼ѹ·ϵѹ𽥱ǿ󣬵ѰòתΪȥ;ѹ֮
ѾҪִڶˡ
Ѱһ

Ѱ·ϵͬʱйڵһϢҲ籩㣬ϯɢ
ڶ򡢵򡢵򡭡
ÿһ򣬵֪ϢʱЩ̾еĴ𶯣ĻȻ
Ѱ
Ǹһͨľˣڳ֮󣬾磬벻עĿѡ
֪ŵЩ꣬ͨģÿһССĳǳ֮ϡ
ڴǧսеսҲһƪƪͨĵĳ֣¡
˸ԡֺˡƺѰ
£ڵһϢĺ䶯֮󣬾Ϳ֪ˡ
ں䶯ıЩѰΪжд̵Ĳ壬ڵһʱչж
ļҡҡףҡؼҡ
Ķ塣
ڰЩͷ
ǲǿߣһɱȥ
ڣڵһ޵ǣ޲ΣΪһʱϽ罵ٵĴǣʵ̫ˣһһ磬һһΪѰһ˶
ǵȾõһЩѰԩ޳𣬵ʱ̹ע¾Ʊ䶯Ĳ壬Ҳľѡ
޿ɣһȴЩеĵطѰĳ֣ٲȻѳΪ˷ƻ֮أ
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Ͻٶ࣬ͷҲһ
ΪѰѰ·ȥԼ֪Ѿ¶˴䶯
Ҳº󣬵ִڶʱѰź֪ز˾ƵĲԾ
ûзĴ̽˽⵽һʱз顣
䵱֪ЩչжҪԸԼѰһϡ

̾ڵԼĲ壬Բڵ
ǵڵһ֮䡣
ѧкҡؼҡף֧֡
ڵڶ򣬱Ϊһһľѧվʮ壡
УġᡢصȲӰ
ѰķǴӾѧչ
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һѪޱȵϢڶ򡪡
ѧʮλ澳ϡʮλ۾ִ¡һλ۾ؽϰһҹ֮䱻ժ׼
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ѧǵڶһվ಻Ӱ񣬸ûκ˸ǡ
һҹ֮䣬ȴ˶ҽԱժ׼̫ˣǰδУ
˵ݣҲϢĵһʱ䱻֪
ΪھѧһΪߴΡġʯϣѪдһƮݵĴ֣
ѰһΣ
һѪ·ѻСɽƵͷ­ЩɱĴ
ѪһĻҲ޲Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
ѧƮҡС
ºǲŷ֣ЩɱĴΪЩЧ޵ߣ
ػɣѰı
ֺδҲ̫̣ЩֻΪЩЧѣ⵽ɱ޹
˷߿ΪѰ˾ٲбɱ޹
ܿ죬۾⵽е
һЩϼһһǰ֮һھѧְЩûиɳŭԹ飿Ϊ˰ЩѹԴЩЩϼһֵµԩֹ꣬ǧ
ǰΪв˫ȾѪȣҲǸŭԣڣ˭Ϊǲ˵ԩǲŽ飬Ц
Ҳ˵Щֻһ䣬ѵЩȥԸֺ˾쾭ģֺ˽зʮˣ
ʸЧǿߣվǼ
ЩֲÿһѰ޵ߡ
߸ϵľͷϣռųϵԴ
ǻܾη壬γûйԹͷߣ
ѰһѪȣ޵Уֱеܺʹ죬ͲѰٶɱһЩ
Щеǿߵ֪ЩϢҴҵִڶʱһ
Ϊɱ¾ĵѰﳤȥ̤ǰ·



2607 Ĵͥ

塣
һĶ츣СУһϮɫȹС԰ڳ̨ͤС
Զ׺ѣ΢ʪķ紵Ũͻľ㣬Ŀ
С㣬µϢ
һŮЦһöݸС԰λֺˡֲñС˵
Цݴ
С԰һۣ¶С࣬Цתȥ
С԰ڼ顣
һǰѰڵ֮ڣշתϮѧٶһѪȡ
ͳƣս֮УʮλЧڲͬĴ䡭
֮󣬵֮䶯֮ĪΪѰ֮𾪡
һڲó׼ɱѰȻﳤȥ
˽ԣѪ¼ڲ֮ڵݡ
ĬĬؽеϢ˶ΣС԰Ĵһɲ١
żĻС԰˾ȱĴ£֮̾С
ѰʧЩС԰ҲʱֻÿһʱĲЩѹ
ڴǧսѰæż֮⣬Ѱܵʱȴֻܶڳǣ޷ﵽκæһֱûںѡ
С԰ǷܲȥæҲûʲôܻǣѰ
ĵѹվ޷ġ
Щ꣬Ͽ̿У㲻Ϊľгһܹǿ
ǰ֪ѰڵһϢʱС԰ֱϲ⣬ҲǴʱʼעһкѰйصϢ
ˡ
ÿһʱ䣬ͻкѰйصϢ
ڵڶҹѧնһѪ׼¡ѰһΡּһʱ
ڵٹأƮֻҪֵĵطѪȵ鷢
Щɱ֮ˣЧЩеĴ
ڴڼ䣬Щǲǰ׷ɱѰÿһμѰǰܿ
ÿһ򣬽Ժ嫹֮
Ѱǹһˣµǣսھ۵澳п޵Уƿ಻˼ֶΡ
ڣһЩεĴ뵽׷ɱУҲ˿գ޷Ѱټ
ǶΪչɱ¾ʱȴƫƫʧƵĳǷʱֻ֪ĳ֡
ͻȥ
飬˲֪ٴΣЩ嶼еͷ۲ѡ
׷ɱһˣ׷ɱĻһӵǿսĺݽɫʱȷ̫ˡ
ֵǣѰ¼ҹһ޼ɣκвֵ췭ظֻҪ޷ټҲֻܸɵۡ
ˣԵһʼڵĵ򣬼ÿһʱ䣬ͻкѰйصĺ䶯Ϣ
Щ䶯ϢģȷѪꡣ
ЩѰǣŭӡ
ЩѰ޵ߣѰ紫棬ߡߡߡĽߡʤ
С԰Լÿһʱ俴ѰϢʱҲǸ̾ѡ
磡
ب񣬺ʱֹˣ
޾岻ֵ¶췭ظ
ֻǣȥĻĴɾԽԽΣˣһһЩʲô״Ǻǡ
С԰ҡҡͷȥ
Ѱɱ֪ЧЩǿߣֳĶҲԽԽ
µպգ˿ΣЩѾŭĲܾưոݣ
˵ʱƣѰɱ¾ȥ䴦עԽԽΣգ
С԰
ԶȱǸߴϵӰ֡
˾ˣҺ£
С԰ӷҵ˼ѹӭ
ҸյõϢԪͥʮ¼ˣΨо۴۽Կɱ룡ȱܼ
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ȱʶС԰Ÿյִ֪꣬Ԫͥ塣
Ľ
̫ʱʱĴͥڵ򣬷ֱԪ̡̡׽̡̡
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̾ڵڰʮͷĴ֣ͥײǡ
ǣУʮͷ޵ߣ֪жȿֺĴͥУ
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ֻǣ޵߶ԣĴͥĴڣ翲ɼĴ˵㡣
ԭڣĲһĴͥ⣬кйص鴫
ЩУĴͥʹĸȻǶĳȻ
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ʵϣڵĴԣɸĴͥһЩ
ȱ˵УֻҪܹĴ֮ͥˣӵǰڰеʸ
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ЩȻĴʱ䣬ȥѰٺͷܹϿɵġӡ
ֻǣܹѡе˶վǼ
ȱļУܾǰͥųϢ¹¼ˣȻֻʮ
ɻһӺ䶯磬ʷǰĺ䶯
ȱˣʱǵڰʮͷ峤Դǰ֮ƴҲƵһ
Щ壬ҲĦȭƣһеԴͼʮзһ
ڵĲ壬Ҳ಻סøֹϵͼ׿ӵ򣬲뵽һѡС
ǵʢԳƵǿǰ
ԪͥҪʮ󹫿ѡδˣβȱܣ
ʵϣõϢʱҲһϢȻ󲨡
ʮ꣡
ƺңԶɶ޵߶ԣȴ̸ʲô
Ϊһʱ䣬ܹΪһѡ׼
˽ЩС԰𾪡
Ĵͥ
ǸǺεȳȻֲ
¼ˣҪҪӵо۴۵ĵУͳһ㣬ܹ֪ĵǺεǿ
С԰ڿʼרŬʮʱлٰһȣѡγܳλˣȥμԪͥѡΣ䲻࣬ȴϵѪѰȡ˲μȵʸĪҪ˷ĻᣬܽԪͥ
˵⣬ȱз֮ɫʱǽڰҲʲô£лȥ˽⵽ڵھܣ
С԰һҲؼ


2608 

ԭһλڵ֮صĶڡ
ϼƮ֦ҶҡҷɢϸԪߴء
Ѱϥھĸء
Զڴ۱ѩָСϪС
̹ǰ㺮䣬ⶴů紺͡
Ѱǽĵ¡
ҲѰǴ뿪һĵĸ¡
ӵһʼֱѱѰֵ췭ظ
֪ЧЩеĴ䣡
ѰԣһŽֻǿʼˡ
Ͼһ·ϱɱģվһȺӰĽɫ
Щʧء
ʶЩԽԽ죬ԽԽʢɶѰԣ̸ʲôֵÿԺͽġ
ҳȥߡ
ãѰӴһ֮ǰĪҪ뿪˵ء
ݡѩСϪͷ
Щ꣬ǰѰߣȻʱԨڣйѰ飬Ҳǿ۵ס
ʱǻΪѰǲѣԴѰŻΪģһ·ӵڶɱУѰչֳսѽ۷ʱǰĵǺˡ
ʵϣܹѰ׷Ѱս񣬶Ƕԣͬһΰ㣬вʵĸо
ָòҪȥս˰ɣ
Ѱ뿪ѩʵ
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Ļ̫˾ˡ


2609 ͭڵ

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վֻĻ롣
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2610 Թ
һΣѰʧ̬ľ崣仭ҵĳˮӿ֡
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ǰŻ׸𡭡
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Ѱһ˼ɢȻ̧ͷͼУ˼ĺӰ˿ȴֹϣǼĸп͸ˡ
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ʱѰףΪεڲɽϣһ˾սһʯԼʯ츳
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˵ʱ૑о˸кȻ


2611 ¹
૑˵Ѻ顣
꣬׵۹ȴ˶ݵʧ״̬ʱһֱĬĬػߵ¹£δࡣ
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2612 
Ϊ˸ĸУٴ󣬳ɾٸߣҲǵĺӣ˵Ķ̣ٲġ
ڴ˿̵૑Уˡ
ѰҲд˵ĸףͷİɣҲްյġ
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ڳ֮У뷨Ĵһʱ䣬˽˼죬ǷΡ
һѰǣ̫;ƫƫǻκβ˶Է˭ܲ
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ǶĽɫ̤벻Σָòεȴһ

ʱţҴһȥ
һƬƽ޷ˣ޻ƽⷴһĻȫ
Ϊ޵ʱҲӦΪѰȻʶ˴գݷʱڲټ
ڷѧ·һڲǿߣһмֱǱܼ尾Ķһ㱻ĥ
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һЩܻĽɫŭ緢üԴȥƺʹ̼ѰͼѰճ
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һ죬Ѱ߳ؽµͥԺ˿֮ϣҲ֪ʲôЦЦ
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Ƿѧ֮̾أɽţ޽ڴɽ
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ûеȴ̫ãʶУͿʤѩԽɫ˿ں˿ѩӰزãϢСϪ߳˷ѧɽš
ǲ糯Զɽȥ



2613 ķÿ
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ѩСϪʥһ޳޹ļ͵ģҿĵ䴿ȴȱδǰɱһжҪԼٴգҲ֣
СϪͷұزʦʧ
ѩǷʧҪҪǣҪԼʧ
̸ʱһƬѪ׶ɽУԹǴ֮أһ޵ߣ޸飬а벽
ԷѧԺԣһȻĥӵľ֮ء
ȥɣɱʮͷʥڵС˴жϸ񡣡
ѩһָԶԸ
СϪͷӰһ磬ٿѪɫɽС
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СϪ뿪ݵӰƾո֣ЩǵؿһСϪӰʧĵط
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СϪĿǰֻʽӣֻҪͻʥɱƸѡ¼Ϊĵӣ
˵ĴܺãԶԶڵһʱɱȡ
ҲĿǰдϢֻҪֳټͲʲôΣա
˵⣬з𼥳֮ɫЩԲĴǣһʱǹúܲãҶǱΡӡ
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ˣ
ˣѸе͵۪Ҳ̲סˣλأԺѰټԻ
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ı仯ѰȻһС
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ڵһʱʱܵ;޸ƣֱָ۷״̬ʱŲǵ澳ԲزĵС
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ϾΪԽߣҪһԽѣһЩ۾ǧҲͻһ硣
֮ԱȣͿԿѰͻǺε֮졣
Ҳ˵۾صļԲزϾǲ;
ͥԺеĺ𣬸ͥԺܵĽƴ󳷵ѰһĴ֡
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ѰŶһʲô
ɽҲʹ죬ѰֱԵһҵ飬һԹҲһַʽ


2614 
һַʽ
ѰЦˣ͸żڽ֮ɫÿ𣿡
Ѻĸ૑棬Ҳ˽ֶԹʵ벻֮ĳԹ취ɽ
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2615 Ӱ֮ ֮
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ֲޱߵϲԵĴ֣ݺקɽ壬ҪקǷ֮š
ĺȻһʧɫоһĵо񱻺ݺѹƣȻƴɻǲܿƵأųǹķ֮ſ

ɽ˻𣬳׻ˣȡ޷ʲôͨط˿ֲ˿¡
ۼǷ֮ԽԽɽĿѣ˶Ҫ跢δ֮ܵ
ȻɽǣǹŻͻأɢʧˣ
֮ʧĻǿֲޱߵ
ɽǴһ£ӿǰδеĿϲԼЩˣⶨȻѰԳʱضȽ֮
С飡
ŭɱӿɫֲղһĻ״̼˿籩ߡ
ֻǣҰȴѰӰ
ţ
Ȼһ˵ļ¸оӿȫŭɽʶ̧ͷͿһƬ֮𸲸Ƕ¡
ǳʢĹ棬Ұû

ɽûɢ˻
䣡
һ̣ڣӰûգۼѣͻĻҽɢһա


2616 
̳ɢ
ѰٴϢһץһ鵤ҩͷ
һս֮ýźͷ֮ͨһٸɺԡ
ңϸۣǴĿĵѪɫۣȫѪ͸ҡ
˿̣ѰȴЦӿ˵ϲá
Ӧ񣬵һɱһλ۷״̬ͬپ
ֱ侲֮ǰսѰҲǷһЩ㡣
ĵľǣԷ֮ŵǷȱ򣬷Ļһ̣֮һ
ĵУʩչ֮źֻ֧ʱ䣬˵ʱݣְܳסʱԽǡ֮Ԩǰ㣬ɽʱӹһ١
Ѱ˼⡣
ھ۵澳ʱʩչ֮ź󣬽ֻ֧һ
Ǿ۵Բ磬ʩչͨʱѱǰ
Сݲ۵ʱ䣬ְܳʱɽܣ
´ȼĵˣͲ㱻ˡ
Ѱһо
һսԶѰɱȣʶʵͲ֮Ĳࡣ
ֻҪʶĶ٣ԺܲгԽ
ֱԻָѰʼսƷ
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ˣһЩĺ͵ҩֵҲԶǵ۾οɱȡ
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ʵɫ׭˿׵Ϣɬֲ
Ѱһ۾ͿһرӡģȻյǵؽװƷ
رҵĲƣֻ֮˵Ѫܽ份ѣнá
˼õҲӲ
ԣĸ૑ңҲ֮ͨһһѪҺƶϣеҲǿԱƿصġ
ѰһԽʶ̽⵭ɫС
ʱ֮쳹Ժ޾ɫ׵ִ㷭ֳذϢ
ѰԼڵѪ֮ڣǵһֶصĹ
ֻҪԼһתܹӡеͷų
ȻУ
Ѱûٽһ̽ʶһöС
˱ɳ䵱ɱﵣ
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ԭǣ֮ųֵʱֻʱ̫ˣѰ޾ľ֮ԨУӰ֮ȡ
Ǿͺʹûʲô
ȵ̤㲻Σܹʱ֧ŷ֮ŵתʱͿԽȡˡ
ѰһָоĵԽԽߣ֮ųʱҲעԽԽ
ѰƮȻȥ
ԭ󸲸ǵɽӣһƬҺǽ壬Ǳľ
˵ؾǲԶûãͱ޵߲ϢطǣҲһ䶯
вڴ˼ս
ܿ죬ƶϣ޲׷״ֻǣȴûܲ³ʲô
µ̫١
ˣĿע⣬Ͼ䲻֪˭ڴսսвĲϢȴˡ
·ǿ߱ˣ׷ǰ̽ѰսܺЩһֱֵѰйء
ֻϧ¾ЩԸǿߣҲԴսżҳʲô˿
ѧ֪ϢѩҲǰ˲һսʱǲԼͬضֳһͷ
òѰɵİɣ
ˣζţںܳһʱѰݷھѧĽУ
ǲ²ǶԵģǾζţǽѧѰһֱڰĬĬعעػǣ
գѩݶһۣнӿ΢
նɱɽĵ죬Ѱ͵һʱ뿪˷ǡ
վΪǷ֮أ̫Ŀע⣬ʺݷˡ

䣬ʱҴš
Ѱĵ꣬·ǿߣֻʣ²һɡ
ѰٳٲټҪһֱȥ˶ܹĵȴּܲ尾׷ȥ
ֱ·ǽʣµһЩǿߣҲ뿪ˣΪԸٵȴȥ
Ϊûв򣬾ƾǵս¾Ѱһ֣ƾǵҲעǶ֡
ˣΪλҪڴˣ
ǺҲûʲôˣ
·ǿȫȥϢҲǺܿ촫˵һʱҲĪĲ
ˣѰӲһɱٸľˣ
࣬겻ѡ
ң뵱಻ڣǲ֣һҪһҲҪѰɱڵļơ
ʱ˭뵽ѰͲ¶棬ͽһɱٻΣ
ˣѾǧٴΣҲֺֻˣ˶صķʽӹһ٣
Щһӻң飬ǵҲǲСĴϾֺ˿һˣ޲ߣ⴫ȥɲ
˵ֺ񾿾
Щ嶼Ҳ˭ֿ֪

ۣڵĲͬ
ȻǰȣѰδڵѪɱ¾Ҳûǰǰ㣬޼ɵ¡
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һƬ̺֮ϣѰһҶ֮ϣ沨΢УĿ顣
ǰãѵ֪˴·ϢҲ֪ЩǿȫϢ
δżж
һǵթҲż
뿪Ǻһֱ¡
һǽ¯Ƿȱ澳֮İгơ
˼ĥйز;İ
ѾǾ۵ԲزУֻһżܴӵ۾֮·ϳѣ̤벻Ρ
ֻǣżȴһĸߣ
ңѰһǿҵԤУƾ޿¾Ǻķǧ£Ҳεżˡ
Ϊ֤һ֣
Ļۺͳͻƣȥڲ;һЩ
ڤڤеһƸӦĳʱѪ鲻һͷԿܻΪһʵֶ
飬Ҳעǿ
ҲգȻ޷ᵽڲ;Ǿȥǡ
һ죬ڱϵѰٿӣĿ֮ϡ
ৣ
ӰͷҡƮ裬𻯵ɶȥգۼʧ
һ죬Ѱĵʮꡣ
һ죬Ԫͥ¼ͽʱ䣬ʣꡣ



2617 

Ӧǡ
һ¥С
ƾãѻ
˵Ƿɽֺе𣿡Զһӵ
ҲҲֻ֪֪ġᡢء塢ףȲ壬ΪЦˡ
˵
˵ɫ
ѰڵһʼһڲǲҲ˼ĶĿ
ڴ⣬ֺ˾ںʱɱֻһֵ¡
ΨûΪѰܻš
Ϊһڲ㼯ίʵֲֲ̫ǴѰϸκλŵϣ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽һ׷ɱ֮£Ѱǵ漣һһ·ӵһɱ˵
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ǣѰٲѰټЩǿߣڶĵȴУȰ飡
£Ѿڵдֵ÷зõЩɨأΪһЦ
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вĻ˭˵ɹؼǣֺǵȽɫܺЩвҲһ·ιģ֮ΪߣŲʲôݣʲôλɱ󣡡
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λˣڵʱֺҲֻܵһͷڹ꣬¶ټɿܻԴƶϣ¾еҲػ䵱ͷڹ꣬ҡУݱ¶֮ʱ֮գ
侲õ˲˵ͬ
һˮ룬͵Լ֮µȫһ
̾ڴ˽еĲĿʹﵽ˵Ķʮĸ
ǶԱȽ֮֮ڶ࣬ҲԶǵԼ֮ɱȵġ
ѰĲ壬ġᡢءף塭Ҳʮ
Ҳ˵ڵһĲ壬Ѱĳˣ
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ְѰֲᱻȻСۿڴǧսʱ˭Դ˴
ǵۣ費ڴǧսѰʶһ£ҲǸпǧ
ɺ룬ڵھŲʱȻСǿдߣǿ϶ǰ졭

꣬Ϊ۵ֱ֣ӾͽȻߣʱ軹ûоʲô
ֱ磬ǰ򣬼ȥ׷Ȼʱط֣ΪҵĵϵᣬҲܹͿȥġ
һҪټȻҲˣֱҲֻƾơ
ţ
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ֻǵҪϸʱһϤӰʧãã˺С
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Ųһ٣̧ͷȥͼסԼģһҰףĳӡ
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ͫһǺˣ
ӦǣݵĽ򣬶Ҿݵİ
Ҳ˵ݣΪ
ʶ䱻һİ貢š
ҽǷǰһ仰
ۻҷ΢΢һЦ֮ɫ´衣
޼ɵĿ⣬һüл˵
ӲΪȻЦЦһֳһſŸ뵰СӨ貵ı顣
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ȱֵһŶֵһһԴһ޵߶ù
ЩѶ顯ȷǳֱˡ
ȻķŭԹЦֻЦѴżͷ̵ζ
ò˵㻹ͦģֻıȴ̫м価һЩĿ֮ƿЦҲҿûȻС㿴ĻҲᱻءĵ
㡭Ȼ͵ҵĽѶ飡
ֻԴ˵һһ˵ķŭӿȫƶҪʧأɫ
Ǵϣŭһˣǿɾˡ
ٿ̧֣ϣ߾޷ܣһ˲ͱν޷˿
Ȼһ侲һЩֻɫѿֲ֮ЩȻٳٲһţԭǱ㾿˭ΪҪң
мЩһֱдЩƨͨĶΪһֲ󡣿
һӱǺ죬϶ܵĪļ̤裬˻㾿Ҫʲô
з˵â裬Ҽ㣬ȻСǵֻɫԵǵģԺٸһЩе˼ĺѿ
͸źεӡ
ɫòȻģ
ЦȻСεݣĻЩС£ֻҪסҵĻɣҲס
˵ţָ䣬һſžӨ貵ĽѶ鱻һſ飬ѵ
һĻֻ඼ˣ۾гѪԺһƬհס
һſŵĽѶڵż㣬㾡ѪдЩеļУ˶ԣ̸ҪɶԣȴŲһ塣
ȴһſűػٵ
ܲס𣿺ǣһֿɱĳЦζϷʡ
ۿѿЩĽѶ飬˾񶪵꣬һûҰ
Ķбļ
⣬ҲҪģܲɱ˾ģɾ͸ˡ
ô棬ǲǺ˼
ĿҪʱһϤĵȻ
ħһȻůǱٱĵס
һȻ̧ͷҰУͿһϤӰ֪ʱһߡ



2618 ħ
ֵϣ֯Ϣ
ȴû˲һУһϢĽ
̧ۣͻأֵľӰãĥһ˼𣿡
˵ţЦҲ˲ޱȣôһԣһԡ
֣һֱϣɫһԸ
ԵޱȼΪѿ˭
Ǿһԡ
ǾεӰȻѰ˵ʱ̽һֻ֣ȥ
赭д
ɱһֻȻһһεӿһоѹȵøʩչ
һָ޷
ɫ΢䣬ͫţѰֻ֣Լļ
䣡
ʱֻϲ֮ѹӵ澳ԲزĵУ˿ȴͬһֻסϣֻҪԷһͷܽԼ׾ٵ
ҲҸҽѰ䵭һ־Ը̬ó
˭
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赭дһֶοɲ˭ܰ쵽
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֮ǰѰʱ֣ĵעٵΪһͷβķ
淢ǾԱɱĥ
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ѰЦϣģҲһ
裬ҾͲѣ
裬ǾŭǻңѰչֳ̬̫ǿˣҲ
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ɫĮȻ㣬ֻһӰˣˣĻڻɱ򣬽˲ɣ
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ӦֻһʹͱѰץţԶȥ
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⣬һϿУѪ
飡
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ˣ񽣣ԭأɫʧǣ૵֣Ƿǲ
ɳƣ͸Ȼ
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¾ǴۡҲΪƫִʱ
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Ϊλ޴Ϊۣ֮һ֮£ϧһС
ҲΪ¾ҪⷲŮһҲɲնУȫƾⷲŮҲ̤ϵ;
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Ůǧ֣иĺãȻߣֻһ
ŮΣ
ƫƫڴˣ
ʲôʲôҵվȲһ
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˵ЩˣֲҪЩȥж˭ҲҪ˭⡭
ãԳҡҡͷתƻ⣬֣Ǻʱģ
ǰ
Ѱڵ߰ɣҸطġ
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ѰҡͷܾнҪҪ
ܷæ
ѰЦ㰡ûǱϣҪʱҶ㿪ڵġ
˵ҲǲʶٲȻѾǿ԰Ѿƹˡ
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һ£ǵЩ壬ԸȥħΪǵطֱǵֹǻն񣬻ʤ׶֮һ޵߽УûĻᣡ
УĲҲҪħе׶֮ȫ𣬿ȴʧˡ
ԭǣħһȻԹ磬ֻҪЩ׶֮²ɱȥǲϤе״ҲѰҵĿ꣡


2619 
Ծ֮࣬ЩˣֶԣħУҲʧһǵѡ񡣡
µĵһϵĲѰΪУҲζţֻҪߣһ¶ؽԤɱ١
ħޱȣȴʺѰǰݷ
Ѱһ۾ͿˣЦֻǰȥѰһ˶ѡ
ڵ૑־̸Ѿ˽⵽¹ݷڵħУ
ֻҪҵ¹һЩžܽҿ
辪ȵˣ
ۼѰûٽ͵ӣҲûٶʣħڣλڡѪݡڡ
˵⣬ʲôǰҵǿ԰ϵһˣţħ·ϣԱܿա
˭Ѱ
һħͲ֪׶֮ͽϼһʶ˶
ϼһƧ壬жֻҪǰħӦܾ
Ѱͷһϵ˴·ȷʡ鷳
²˳٣ȥ
ҲˣֱƺܰﵽѰгɾ͸С
ѰԲܾ

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ÿһݣԱһĽҪͺ嫡
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Ҷǡ
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ﴽǳ鴤һ£εᣬλ峤Ķӣ׵д񣿡
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Ŀ⿴Ѱʯ֣ҪҪλ·
ѰֻҪִܵħ˭·ν
ʱظЦǾͺãҾҶ̻Ὣɳһ֧Ϊ׵Ķ飬һǰħʱ򣬹ӸŶһͿˡ
˶٣ѵо仰ҵѹӣħеĻӹܣһ·Ҫط׶֮ͽѿأӿɲжһֻСŮС
ѰͷӦ
ϡ
һǵĴУֻŮˡ
ףҲ֪ģεжһΪҪǸ˼
ǰϴŲһ˿ŭ
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˵㣬һҪע⣬Ҫλʯӣҳħ߶֪׼аħ˵ǻ棬ҲҿʯӿɲǼ
ȻǵȻɿ붯ҵĶΪ棿
Ҳһ㣬˵ĿɲЩ
зĹ󣬡ϵϢ£һ˸ʲô֮ҵֱңԽױӵˣµġ
üĬƬ̣ˣ¼ȻѾӦԲپܾҲһ·ϹֻҪؼ鷳ˡ
Ц̾㰡ûҵ˼˵һ·ֵ鷳λʯ
Ķ쵰Ϸ֮ɫףδҲ̫߿˰ɣ
ЦΣҵϣûпҲϣĲһ룬ڹؼʱҲ԰ﵽ㡣
˵ѷһ˿ϧˣԭӦһжġ
ҲֻܽصŮ
ȻҲŮ츳͵̣ԼЩı֣һж
ֻǣ׵վǱⲻ˻ᵣġ
дһзᶨ֮ɫףһʧģ


2620 һ
ǰŮļ򣬵ҪԼ̫ѹ
ףֻЩơ
ˬЦأҪҵ
ˣпá
Ȼ˹
ҹ˭ǰݷã
˼⣬յĴűƿһߴӰ˽
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¶һȳЦݣǰһϲĸй˼롣
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Х
еһλϱ澳
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˵ţֽĿ⿴ľǣҺҶһԷӹţʲô⣬Ҳܹϡ
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Ҷ̻ǰһұƯУΦھҶ̻еͼڱǡ
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ϡ


2621 Թ
ЩЩΪĸջ
˷κݾƸ߸裬ˡ
˻޶ȣҹҹˡ
ÿһأҪñͣ٣Ҫȥаݻѣᡭˡ
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ǺǺǺЩ˵죬˵˳տڽֻҪУͻʱϡ
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ģǴ̤ϱͻ޶ȣҹҹĺӵܣ̷ߵŮϣҹһЩ飬ֵñϼȮ
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ʯͷķ⣬ʼնǣһ°߷̣˭뵽ҲһС֮
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᲻˼Ժ󣬾͵ⱦûһ˾ˡ
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²飬ɸղŵ鷢ķ⣬ܾ޶ԣѡԹۣ
С㣬¡ҲΪ˸еʧɣ


2622 汾
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ԭµһĻʱѴϾǱԼߵŮ
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ЦԣħųΪЩ׼֮ı֮أһǻȥˣɾǰֹط

ԶῪڣٹʱҪִѪɷɽǰ׼һ»
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ŽߵᣬǺЦɣȴȻˣͳ
ʣһ챾ǣǷСϣ


2623 ̸Цɱ¾
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ΪҪиľ򣬼ȻǶҶ֣Ǿǲá
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Хһڡ
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ಣ
ХһʱҪŲܣӰڰ;ڵվͱһĿƥ˺ѡ
֮һ˺ѵģкХ壬ֱӱ룡
ҵһĻ̼óһ󾪿ֵļУЩ˶ˣ׷Ӵܡ

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ܶúεطεȱǵȽɱ֮£ȫͲһݿ
ת˲֮䣬װ֮ϣͱѪɫȾ죬˺Ǻ֮⣬֮ˣ޲
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Σ
Ҳ߹㱻׵
µǣʼգѰ⣬ƵᣬӰԭأŲһ
ԶԶȥһף̸Ц֮䣬ҷ


2624 
ǺǵѪڼװϣš
ЩҶ̻ĻͷƤ飬Ѫȵɱ¾һĻȫǵ
Աߣɷףд֣ݶڸʧء
ӣΪЩѡӶݵĶѾ
ٸҶ֣Ҿɱ
Ǻ˻Уɫ͸ŷζ
Хĵ˵޾ľ֣̼һʱ佫ǯƣǷķɽصѩ׵ʺ䡣
ԡ
Ѱ˵ţ߹ȥĲ졣
Ҫ
ǺͫţǾźͿ־塣
Ҳɴ۾һ㲻Լ
ԭΪʶԼѰĺǹⲻȥ
ڡ
ȴˡ
һ﾿ԼֻҪɶЩˣͲԼ
һʱ䣬ɫ𲻶Ǳ
ۼѰѱȵ۾ѪĺǺ̲ס˻
ҵģ
һʺķɽҲڴʱһɿɲĽιסɽƾǺη˿
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Ǻ巢ðʶ͵̧֣ҪһƽԴ顣
һָٶȸ죬ٿ䶴üģ俪һѪܵĿָɢ֮£Ԫһ촷ۡ
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Ѫˮ䣬Ǻɴ۾ϢͷԵڵһ̣ҲٿһҽƮɢ
Ǻһʺķɽʧȥƣ׹ڵأײ
һ飬ĵ;Ҳһ̵õͷţѰ㡣
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ͽˡ
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üͷ
⴬вûκεĴ򶷺ۼ
ɽϵȴΪأѪܵģǾһ
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˶ʱڣХϢؽѹ˼ǣԼӴʶûвһ˿Щˡ
ĬƬ̣ѰҡҡͷԼķȥ
ͣûмǰС
շһѪɱ٣Ҫʱٸ顣
ѰԲЩطͿʼ
һʱѽ¯йؾ۵澳Ĳһһƺ
ֱⲿѳƵһġ۾ĵ뷨ѰЩãͬڲͬƵϵ¶һݣ
ѰؽⲿƺҲһ˵ĳɾ͸Уͷ·ԼĴ֮ԼĴӵ
ҲʱѰʶڵ۵֮ϣԼѾشﵽ˼ۣ֮ɰӹŽ񣬶£
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ǵǿչŵʱѼĴľѰı۽С
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ѰܹеᵽЩԼ޴ʱ򣬻ɢϢԼİԼĴ򣬾ۺ񣬳ֳԭʼϢ
˵ͬ¯ѰΪԭʼĴ
⣬ҲѰܹ֮ͬϣھ۳޵еһҪԭ
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Ѱһ̾
;ϰһ˾Ĵڣƾǻۺġ
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ܲɣ¼ҹ˰Ѱȥ;Ҳעǲܵõκָġ
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ĴͥĸȻĳ³겻Ҳû˸СǵĴڡ
ȳȻڰʮͷüɵã֪̺εȿֲ
ɿûвεĵغ;ģ
ӣСŮᣬðţǰ
ȻֻǺǰͬתŷĵء
Ѱ˼ѣ򿪷ţߵᣬЦСǰҿɲҾ֮⣬롣
ϸĶ쵰һڨڨΣǰõʱΪһᣬѰ֮⡣
ãѰδƽϡ
УѰԼڶ棬лģǾͲˣ㲻Ϊ˰㣬ЩҲܻŴӱ뿪
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ѰЦʵϣҵĳ˱鲼£ֻ֮һ
𡣡
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ѰЦǺХ˵ΪΪʳУıǣҶ汾ȤҲɳɱ˶ᱦĹ
ĻỰе̽ζ


2625 Ԫŷ
ʹӣҲ̽ǡ
ԥ죬Ȼ̧ףѰһӴӦҿһı蹫ӣΪл
ѰЩ⣺£
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ţͽԭίһһ˵
ԭǰħлｻʱͭɽħ͵ϮֹеĲĶӲߡ
ħҲ֪Ϣʮڣǲı͵УͻὫĶӲɱˡ
ħغ󣬾һֱΪ·վóıǣȥӵ
ֻǣ˼أر޷ٺħǾͽиá
Ȼ󣬾һǰħж
˽ЩѰ׹ҳ֣ǳħоȻܵܲ
ͷԺҵɱˣҵĵȵִͭɽͳħʱԷһڣǺͲˡ
Ѱ㸸׾ûиָ㣿
׽һɱﵽ˽óħһǺܵģϾҵܵܵƿħͷУֻҪԳһ˿¾ͻ˺ܵܵҲԸġ
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ħڵġͭɽ̸ħеĶҲһСɱȡ
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һﶼûУĿܻᱻУ
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ڣѰɼһЩԴħʮٱļ۸񣬿Ʊ
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ѰƬ̣ҲؼĿռֱǻҵ£磬жϷľ飬вͨ
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˵ţὫһɺɫʯͷĥɣԼĪƴСóһöϸָ
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˵ţԪ̵ݸѰӣС⻹£Ȩҵһ⡣
أѰ
ҵȻСЦ
ѰҲЦˣƴǣ
˵Ԫ̣Ͳò˵Ԫɽ˵ħУһԪɽڵġԪŷ֪޵߿ǰԪɽȥԪ֮Ϊãһ⣬ˡ
ԭǣԪŷڣһֹޱȵĿռ򣬴оǲ룬˲䱻ռķ籩˺顣
ÿһʱ䣬Ԫŷоͻᱬһϫʱ򣬻һЩԪˢ䵽磬Ѽ֮󣬾ƳԪˡ


2626 ħ
Ԫŷ
ħ֮һ
ѰȴǳԪŷеĿռȻɱεĴڣµܰ쵽
ںɫĺϷɶݣһ·ϣ籩Űܣī֭ĺˮΣյϢ
żҲ·һЩɢӰĵ죬׺Ϣǵϳ
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;ʱʱ̶̿ڣѰȻ
һ޵ߣִħҲӲһ·ɱˡ
ͬһжû˾Ҷ̻ƣһ·עʤɱս

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λҶ̻Ĺˣ룡
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ۿʪ󣬵ģţϴؼң׿һֱȥء
ЩҿûпӣóԺúȵźţûܵί
ħڱһϮɺ죬ڣֻҪ㽻ǼͿԴˡ
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ҵĵ̣㻹ΪһᷴڲɣˣҲúһСѾͷƽϡ
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Ų֣´ŶԷֱȷûƣŷģܵܣЩꡭίˡ
ԶħѳڣѾͷڸ㽻ˣ


2627 Ļ
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ħһʱУʶ̽һʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
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Ŀ⿴ȥʱһͫһǰϸĶ쵰϶ֳ֮ɫ
ͼǴڣһӰ߸ϣȴǳħһϤˡ

˿̵ȻûΪʹӵӣͦ˫ϣ΢У̻ᣬʮ㡣
ǰһˣһϮɺ缫ۣȴǳħ
һĻֱ׻Ժհףֽһᡭ
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Ѱ𣬺߻һ΢΢Ƿŭ֮
޷źͽһУ
ܶǰ͸ߣұ֮һ׷һħ
˵Ҷ̻ᶼԽžԵ
ֻǣ˭뵽һĹˣһز¶ͽ
̫أȻۼһʱ޷ܣԴ£
Ϊʲô
ֱ죬Իعɫŷŭʧ䣬ӣ㡭ηֵģ
˵ҲɣڱʱХѹʱҾͲЩԾ
ѰشҿĵоҪںХ֮ϣȻܵͻȻϮʱڣҲܻᱻХѹ
ɵʱ龰Ҳ֪ڼ̵ʱڣϢѹˣܲ
ҷشϸ̽δκսĺۼֻ֤ڽѹϣ
Ȼҵʱֻɣҿ϶⡣
ֱ˵й汾ǵ飬ֻ㸸ֽ֪ɫȻͽҲʸ̽
ǻǽͲһˣ㸸ˣ̽Ҳ̫ѡ
ʱѱò԰־ŭֲõʱڴʱѯ£ɽȴȻǰֱӽɱˣǵʳһЩʲô𣿡
Ѱˣ޷֤⣬ֱǵִǧʱ򣬽ǰ̽ħϢʱһЩֶΣںһֱ׷ȻͿ˺ܶ˼顣
˵ţָһֳһĻӡֳһĻĻ档
Уһ˴ҴǰУһС
һ䣬ͼУ߹һ޵ߡ
һ̵Ľһλףͳ͸Īϣ
ȥ߳ħжб䣬Ҵǰͭɽʱʵʵؽ
ǣЩڵϵ޵
סţұĲ䣬Ƶ˰̶Եޱ
浽ʧ
ɫ׽ӣ޷Ƶķŭʧ֯ͷһ󷢶
ЩĻףĽʵһͽ
ղͭɽϵĽףҲˣޱ˳Ϊλˣ𰸾ͳλϡ
ѰԭҴڸղڱʱ£ȴҪжȥһЩνĽףˣұ㽫ƾͼƣһһϷ
Ȼϣһʱ䷵˳ͭɽҲǵĳʲô©㽫ıǴߡ
˵ʱҰУȻͿǴУħӡ汾ǵУصݸϵĽ
ɫ両ֳϲɫĦУпΪⱦҿǧ֮ãڵóԸʵ˲ʤꡣ
ʦǧ̺͸ֵãħЦŹά
ߣǰЩһ͵ϮУٺһЩһ类ɱȵڣߡ
ħڨڨתƻʦ֮ǰĽУΪҪһŮ
ϸһĨʣ޵Ҳû뵽ǱϾһݽɫʵǿ޷Ҷɵ֮ڣҲصȵڣںħƺʱ׽ˣ
ħ㵵ʦ˵ģò֮ǰվߵ˰ɣҲûʲôرġ
ƤһЦ㶮ƨԽǿѰĽɫԽǳ˲¹ͷĺݲӣХЩˣΪСˣűɱ˸⣬֮ǰǰ㣬СӵͣԽͭɽƷˣ
ħ˵ĻСӵȷֲܿܿ£ֻǣǾŮ뿪ħ
ģǻȥ󣬾ҲԶˣХȫ˾Ҷ̻ıϣˣֻ㵽Ҷ̻ͷϣ
˵⣬ǰ̺¶һζЦݣƿڣ
СӲɱǣǶ汾ʱҲ֣ȫɱȻֱ߸Ҷ̻ˡ
ħʱ̾ʦƣ
ԶһĻĻ۵׵ᣬɷףоȼյŭ


2628 
ɷ׵Ѱ֪ıѶ˵һصԸӵĴ
׹
Ѱ룬ֻĽٵ;Ҷ̻ͷϡ
ɬӣȻʶ࣬Ϊ֮ǰֱӴ̫еĳª
̫оǽ֡
ѰʱտƾϾĳһֱ˵Щ࣬ǻᣬֻʵ䷴ô˻ᣬۿһһϷһоˡ
˵ᣬһȣЩ˵ʧ䡣
Ů£˺ҵļϸ
ĽǸػ֮
ѰһеĹͶѣһ·Ϊһɱ٣һ׮ı
ζˡ
ӣô죿ʵԼûʶǱʶѶѰһ
Ȼǳ׽һ
Ѱ˵ţѴŲգԶɽ۵Ĵȥ
ͬʱ
УϵĽ̫вȻĿ⿴⡣
ͼѰǾεӰǴƮȻڴǰ
ǡ
̫ͫ϶ˣʶ
ڵϵĳħҲطѰʱ㵣ŵνͭɽģ
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̫гһ̾˿ŭ֮ɫᣬѳװ¶ˡ
Ŀ֮ⷺɫѰ
ʯӣҺԩ޳𣬲һ·϶мӣûκһ˿ΪȴƫƫҪϽأ
·ƽεɲԣѰȻڡ
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̫УҸЩ㣬ȴΪһѡѣֽ֮Ҷ̻ٵ㡭δҲ̫ɣ
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̫д˿侲̾ѾͷҺ㸸֮ĶԹͲ
ָԼİ̺ۣɭȻǰǺ棬ΪҲЩ˺Ҹ㣬ΪЩ˺ۣǰ㸸ͣ
͸ŨŨ⡣
ɫⲻܣҸǳ㣬ɿܻὫߣ
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һ׷֮ɫͳڣ
ԶǣǧİǰҺ㸸ףԼҵʦһ𣬾ǰߡ
ߣ
Ԫŷһħ֮һ
ܾǰ̫кʦѩ̡һǰ̽Ѱһ׮컯
ʱѩһͼͼָоյ˼У˳õһ׮컯
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ʱϲ񣬿ڷص·ϣȴ⡣
ǵһӼ߳ɾڽ̫뿪ʱȴʦѩ
˵⣬̫¶ŭʹ֮ɫû뵽ʦþҪģȥ汾ǣ˵רΪ׼һ׮컯ҸȥҪҷ
۾죬뷢ŭţɫǿİʦðȴΪϧвʦ֣
Ѱᶼһ
̫д˿ȫĶԹͳУ˻ҵȻӦһ·ƴƴòײŽ汾ǶУƾʲôҪһ˶
ʹĺͷŭǣҪȻʦģȫͲ֪ҵĴεȳأ
̫¶ʹ֮ɫİŮˣȴΪһˣϧв㣬ζ𣿡
ѰŹ֣ȷûǵʲа񵱳ҲƵľ
ҵȻӦ
̫ɫŤɭȻû뵽ǣҵʦȴ궼ˣķˡ
͸˵ķŭͱ
ȻأѰʡ
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̫дЦֻЦȴűɫϵİ̺ۣʦǰ¾ά
Ѱüô˵ȫ޹زŶԡ
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ⶼһ֮ʣɱʦõ㣬Ҹʲôϵŭ
ʦ
̫ÿ£ʦҾͷģҪΪ𣬸Ҫԭҵ汾ǶЦǣʦ㸸׶㸸ȴһ㶼⣬뿪߲ãӭȢĸס
ȻʹΪλҪôֱ꣬ڲŶ֣Ѱʵ
̫ЦֻɱδҲ̫ЩıһУΪ˽Ҷ̻йصȫɱⱰ޳ܵĶʧȥӵеһУʱɱ񲻺ʹ죿
з׽̫еı֮
ϧĹͷȴΪһ˵Ĳϣжһ񡭡
̫Ŀ⿴ѰɫǸӡ
˵ˣ
ѰȻ޲
̫һסãôдô
ѰЦǷǶԴվһ֮ʣòΪƾղһԴǣͿԸıҶĿɣ
̫üҺܲ⣬һ˶ѣΪηҪִϴ£й𣿡
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ɲԣѰ
̫һѿ֮ǰ˵·ƽεھǵˮ֮ӿȪ౨˭ֹɣ
ˣΪ汾ǣ
͵طӦƵģһȻӣҲԣƲģοȹ屦
Ѱɫƽԣ
̫һѣҪϾɱ
ϣ
ͻأأһֱĬĳħ߶һѪɫꪣѰɱȥ
ͬʱ̫һӣһӨѩХĿ겻ѰѰߵᣡ
ȻǴЮᣬвѰ
һǵľҲԿڽ̫УѰΪУ򣬶ϲѡΪͻƿˡ
ˡȴѰԭزָһ

Ѫɫꪴ۶ϱ飬ֳѪɫꪵĳħյɳȥݺԶǽϣڱѪ
̫ͷųѩѰ̽ץססߵߴ磬õѩ˾Ҳ޷ѡ
ɽ̫ȴϲ¶Ц³һɬĵ



2629 ǵİ
飡
ѩ׵һڽըŷѤöĿѰûС
վѰԱߵᣬɷף׹ߡ
Զ̫дЦսΣ⼫𸲸֮£Ҳѣ
ǲǸ̫ˣ
һȻ𣬾ͼãã׷ţ뺣ʧ¶ѰǾεӰ

̫Ц̣֮£ǲҲҪش㡭ܵס
ֹǵסˣҺ
Եúܲ˼顣
ᣬĿ࣬ɱ
λʯδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ӼѼ𣿡
Ѱźʵ
Խƽ⣬̫ľԽǾͻң޷򣬺ʱһˡ
㾿˭
̫ŭĿԲ˻
ʦѰ
ԶڱѪĳħг
Ѱ
̫һɫ䣬Ժ鲻ԽЩйһλ紫˵ĸִš
УѰӵһɱһ·ȷѪ꣬Ȼһڲ壬κβã
¾ǲ֣ҲŴΰȻ
˵ڵĵ򣬷紫Ѱ֣ٲȻһ˿ɶʵĴ档
һ嶼Ϊ֮ͷ۵ľˣ
˵ǰʯǷ紫ˣһ·Ϸһоͺ׽ˡ
Щ˵ҲͲԩ
Ϊϣɱ֮˵ĺݽɫУѰһϯ֮أһЩĿһ
ϻ̫ˡ
ڴʱѰѶ֣۷ɣǵذĽǡ
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ܹȴֵ¡Ҳ
ڳħǲֵɱ˲ɵɢãã֮¡
ֱһйڼžǧٿףӡŴĿĵĽѷ졣
㡭Ѱ㱣һиĳ̫ԴЩ¡
Ѱº͵ǲǶѲҪҪǣ̫ÿǵǣΰ㸸׻Ժҵɱ١
һ飬ĬƬ̣ŵͷ
߰ɡ
Ѱȥ
ǾγȻӰૣ˭֮ҾҶ̻Ķˣ㹻ˡ

ħϡ
Ҷ̻ıɶС
ӣ´˱
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ҰǿɲΪЩѰڵ
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Ѱһ£ҲƴǣҾȴ֮ˡ
˵ʵ汾ǵȷܺ档
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»ᵢ鲻ʱ䣬ҿ㻹Ǿȥһ㸸ףһһ֮ΪáѰѵ
ЦǰħҸֻҪõҵ򣬾ͻһУʵϣǴ븸ǰħģͲԺҵıˡ
ѰȷǸð취
ûþ뿪ѰϥڴϣǷӡŵп
ʱһɹԭʼĲϢѰһ
УȻһ嫵ǿ磬һǸǿУﷶΧġ
һƲϢʥ̫ˣұبǿУȻֻʣһǼܣɴѹȸС
Ѱʶ̽ниӦ㱼䣬ƿһƬУһͷҡ֮ƣգһԾǿ飡

һֻڹϴ˵еޣ䵮ڻ磬ʱӵŷءǵΰ
ѪӡŻİأԭʼĴ츳ų֮ϣ
˽ԣӽ㲻ޣǿȥȼĿֲ飡
Уܵõ֮ǣܴвΪԭʼĲأ
ڣһ汾ǣѰǰ
ͷҲһ̷ȡ
ѰĵУϣѾбܹǰ汾ǣȴĶͼ
ԭܼ򵥣˱ȷ紫ǰ㣬ӡڲԭʼأ
⣬ҲҪģ
۵澳Բ֮󣬺Ͳ;ֻһżżȴ̫ߣߵѰ޷ȥ̤롣
вǿ󣬶ȱ
׽¾޿ǧ꣬Ҳע;ż
˵ͻƲ֮޿Ѿ޹أ־ǻҲ޹أҪһ򡱣
ͻȻѪǲһҲڤڤвһ˿ӦԻγһƾ
ֻǣĻ̫ټҲ̫Ҳ󲻵á
֮ɷģ
ڣӵ汾һˣйزĹƺϢΪԭʼֻҪĸӦͲ򣬾һ˽ͿŵڲεͰء
һУԴ޵߲򡱵Ļᣡ
ǵģǻᡣ
ɼˣֵ֮Ҳ㹻澳ڷԸΪһḶһУ
⣬ҲѰļԭڡ
ͬҲǷȱĻᣬһֱЩ
Ϊף̤ϵ·ֱӵо۵ԲĵУ˲ʱѣԺеʱȥ׽͸ǵͻƵ
ڣӵ汾ǣһоͽòһ
ãѰŽ汾ǵҲǸпѡ
һһԷɺϣԼһ·ϸɿܻõһ׮Ե
һʱԦѰħбĴ̽¹йصϢ
Ѱûй¶¹֣Ļ𲻱Ҫ鷳Ͼںܾǰ¹Ҳ֮ͨս죬ҲЧ֮С
ע⵽ԼѰ¹˵׼ᱩ¶¹ͲħϢ
Ѱҵ;УѰҲǽһ˽⵽ħеһЩ״;ơ
ħһԹ磬ռҲ
ֲŴСССһЩûʲô׵ܺͽ齨ɡ
Ƶ϶ģֻ߸ߴħš
ǧϵġիߴħ֮һħڵ
ڴУߴħУвֻǾǼ٣˾Ͳö֪
ߴħţħлݷŲٶĺݽɫӵſֲ֮ʵ
һЩݽɫߴħŶɵ֣
Ž˽⣬ħѰӡ󣬾ǻң
ܼѪȵɱ¾ֳľ̲֮޵֮ĳɱֱżʡ


2630 ս
Ѱ¹·;ϣÿ춼߰ɱ¾йص飬ѰʼĳԾϰߣֱЩľˡ
Ҷ̻ҲһֱãһЩͽԱͼϴ١
һ⣬³ҡ
Ѱ֣ƾϵĻЩͽԿġ
ʵϣ磬۾Ҳ޵ֻĴڣڲΣ򿰱
˵ħ̤۾ĽɫҲϡٵġ
Ѱԣ̸Цնɱ棬ǵ澳ڲǿ
ǡ
Ѱսѿڵ۾޵У
ܿܿУѰһɼĿֲڡ
һº
طǧϡ
һ·ѰĴ£Ӵ˴ССʮ̾ħеһ⣬Բϵ¹
ѰüޱȻɣ¹ݷħܱա
¹ֶΣݣҲٻᱻʶơ
һѰʶĿѰȥעҲʹûʲô
ԴѰûоʲô٣ЩǸ⣬ʱ˵ҪһŬѰҵˡ
һ¹ȥˣȴǺеЩɥ
ի
ٴǰɴիõͬһϢ
ѾˣĪҪ𡣡
վիеȴѰüͷǰаο
ӣһ㻹һЩôʵ
ѰЦ˵飬ǽɡ
һӴж
Ѱ˵ͷһѴ˽ħеһЩ״ԶӦһˡ
ЩᣬǡԺټ𣿡
˵áѰЦ
ӿȻ̫ˣұ޵ߣ𣬴Ҳ޷ټһ桭
ѰԴҲͬС
뵱꣬ССƴ߳׵۹Żǿչŵǧս򡭡
һ·Ҳʶѡ
񣬴Ҷһ˴Լĵ;´ʱҲ֪Ǻ¡
̧һ˵Щɨ˵ģ֮ʣףӿԾҵҪ֮ˣҲ빫ӶౣأԵټ֮ʱ
ѰͷҲౣأʲôֵ飬Խŷ飬ֻҪһħػһʱ
˵ţһӡһ˿־ݸᡣ
˵ƾ汾ǡϡ屦Ѱ顣
һѣȨһˡ
СĵؽЦǼϣõʱֲԸʲôֵ飬ͦ˾ġ
ѰȻʧЦ
죬ѰǱ𣬶뿪

ҲǴѰһƯĹͣħУÿһ̾ۼ֮أؽ̽Ѱ
Ҵҹ¡
һ죬糾͵Ѱ̤ǰһСԡĵ·ϡ
δż·ҲŸ·ʱ䣬һͲ汾ϵĲأҲŲСջ
࣬Ƕڵ۾֮ϵľ
̤˾ߣԿͬ١
ġ족ֲָκһĴ
Ҳ˵ʧֻҪϻдڣ̤˾֮ˣҲԲȥ
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֮ͬ١񡢳󾳽硣
ܹͻƣ̤ϲ;ͿɳͬپԢͬ١
˾磬ͿȥӶһĴΪ෨
ƷԽߣĲ෨ܾԽǿ
ֵһǣ෨Ļ֣ҲһһӦƷףศɵĹϵ
磬ӵؽƷв򵽵Ĳ෨򣬾ǵؽƷԴơ
ͬͬپִƵؽײ෨ǿߣԶ޷ִײ෨ǿȡ
ѰɱɽִƵľǵؽװƷͬپУһǿڡ
ϾȻжʮĸ壬ЩƿصĲһɫǵؽˮ׼ЩĲ෨Ҳڵؽ׾Ʒķڡ
ʶؽװƷ෨򣬵ȻѳƵǵؽеٮٮߡ
ڲ汾ϵĲʱѰĸܾǼɬǵȰ̫ߣȻԺͶԴ⣬ʱе
İؼޡ
Ҳվֻ澳Ϊ汾ӡİأǲεܹȥġ
ˣҲѰǳԲླ֪ٲ֮ǰǰģƬ档
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أԶһȡ
һ˼һ߸·Ѱ̧ͷȥͼԶĺˮϿգһȺ޵Ӱ
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һĺ꣬ŽֻгپĵС
һ֧ں֮ڣȴҪ·٣ѰЩЦԷǡ
ʵϣҲЩ飬Ѱһ·нΪ̫ע⣬һ¡
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ԭѰᣬɵĿⲻһƳĺʱȴסˣƽڴ˿޴
һﵹʲôɫ
ߣһһϵˮ㲻㣬ϣҪʧ
ۼѰֹЩ޵߶ƺɿ¶ЦһѷƵĳ
ѣʶķϣᣬԹԽϵıｻҵԻһ·Ƕ֡ǺǣʱǾû뿪ˡ
Ϊ׵Ѫ۴Ц
㣡
Щ޵ߴ١
ϵǣ˳ġ򡱣ȴǣǽĿһֱеĺꡣ
㿴ʲô
ѰĿⶢţڣȳ
еսҿ
Ѱʱ̽һץϵһнյսֶѰġ
ͷ
ʱɫ䣬ˣеҿ춯ְǼһﶼҵı
ɱ
Ϊ׵Ѫӱȣһ֣˵һʱͳȥ
䣡
ײУЩ˻δǰͱһɿɲѹ类ǵĳƵģ޷˿
һӣǳ׺ȻʶԾ
УֻкǣҲһĻŵԴհף˶ǡ
չļžѰһֱͷһսɫҲǲϱá
ã˾ɺͿ־Ŀ̧ͷ˺꣺
˽
ºͣ͸ֱĵ
ĵĿ־屻еƽƽֻɫɴžɺͼɵ֤ɱҡҾ͸㡣


2631 
Ѱͷԡ
굨ƺһЩĿ⿴Щѹͬ飬ҲɱǣҲ˵
ѰȻЦЦԸ
֮ǰǱеսһɱ˵ȥ֡
ת˲Ų뿪ȻҲͲܸԷκһ˿ٵĻᡣ
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ѽҸǰҵ

Ѱüͷ΢壬֪㸸Ǵѽ
ҡͷ֪
ѰڣæҸǰһֱԵĺ̽Ѱ˽ȥԵһ
ԵǲԼҪǰĵط
Ѱһ˼⣬һȥ
ɫʱɷףΪҪΪʣһ̽Ѱ˽ᱻѰ
ѰɺЦСӾʮ㣬ĳҲ㻵뻹ЩͬǵδСһЩ
߰ɣǷҵҪĴ𰸣ҲẦ
˵ţѰһӣźŲնȥ
ֱĿ뿪Щѹ޵߲˿˴¡

ʲô֣·ϣѰʵ
ܡԵúʵԼĴ
㸸Ƿ߹㣬ѽôѰʵ
ⲻһʥս𣿡ɻ
ѰҡҡͷֻһѰʥױüĿʱ㡣
ôһ˵ҺȻ˵ĲƸҺϧǧŪ˵˽пܺܲ򵥡
Ѱһ
Եϡܵ
Ѱ˵ͷ
յʱ
һһƬƯ½ĵ죬ǺɫĺˮϣﷶΧ
Ե
һħмƫƧּƶĵ졣
˵ÿһʱ䣬ͻܵз籩ĳھЩ׼֮Ըʺĵط̾ᡣ
ЩΪȵ޵߶ԣԵһ԰ȫܾ֮ء
ƶĻҲܹԱӻ
Ͼ˭ܵƶɱӣ
֮ǰһʱѰħͬĵطΨûǮԵΪ˵̫ƶˣʶΪ¹ǵ˶ϲݷ
ȴû뵽ǰԵ·;ϣ˷еǱս
ڴ˿̣еһЩ뷨Ҳıˡ
ܿ죬ѰʹŷִܵԵȥ˵֮ϵɢֲʯͷԼªֵҲۣ¡
ֲڵϵ޵ߣһЩʵ֮ʲô綼УΨûе۾׼۶ûм
ѰǣຢͯŮСС䶼ֳĥľס
ȻЩڴ˵أڴ˵صĺӡ
ǵϲлħҲעѪȶл
Ѱ˿ߵķܣҲȻСҲﳤ
ԵܴﷶΧÿһʱҪܵз籩Ϯõ⵺ʺϾסĵطȴ١
ѰʶɨӹȥܿͽϵһЩ˽˴š
ߣȥѰ
ܳɵ㡭ܷ֤˺
Ѱļ򣬵ô·ֱѻܴ꣬ҵ𰸡
һȴ·
ʱ󣬷ܴѰһªʯǰһ¾εĸˣʯз첹һ¾ɵսۡ
ͬӵеУߣֻгپصӣʶղϣֻüȴѳ˪֮ɫ
ΪܹȶյĵطѾܲס
һˡ
һڡ
͵ؽз첹սˤڵϣŭسʯݣ˵ǲָЩ˶ȥϴˣ֪֪㸸ôģЩ꣬ҽ𣿡
ŷܾͷһͨۿ죬㡭ʲô飬ҿô죿
ͷпˡ
ע⵽Ѱ˲ۿеˮһЦݣЦˣֻǡ
Ѱ¸ĸģҵΪѵĶԣ֮أҲ֮־аˣշܳɴ
һ֪մΪζ
ѰЦֲҪҴֻ֪ѽ
˵ţǱսó
ɫ΢䣬˽˽ҷУ
Ѵϻɺ;衣
æһλǰǻˣֻ֪ҸѽҲŻġ
Ѱ˵ͷƴ˽ˣҺҪҵһλҴħΪ
ŷɾ裬ӵҵ֪ʮǰҷһսбٵʱһ겻ΪûбУҪԵϻʵ̫ˡ
ǣҾǰһұ̣ϣԸҷһֵıеǮԶԶ׼뿪ʱǱ̵˵޸һԺǮȥ
Ҳ֪Ǳ̵˲֪֪ҷЩӲɹɱ֮£ΪŻԸ⽫޸ǡ
˵⣬ɫ䷺ŨŨĸмʵ˵ˣҺͷ֪Ǳ̵ˣûǳ
ѰļѲ³һЩˣǱǷԵϣ
˵ͷǡ
ѰһĵļĿ⿴ܣղŲʣ˽ʲôôʾ㿴
ϣ
ͼѰָڽһĨһĽ֮սٿӿֳһɺɫѰǡ
ڷ𾪵Ŀע£ǺɫһսװѰͷ­˫ȡ˫š
սװѰеսȻһ壬ɢֲ˵
һ㱣૵ԣӣҷƾ˽׶ͽ
ɫ𺳣ѱÿȣԭԭ˽ģӵġ

źɫһ󷭹ѰϵսװʧеսҲָ֮ǰģ
սװһޱȵı̤ʥʱܶ
Ѱսݸܣ涣
սװ
𶯣˫ֽӹս϶һɡ
ѰҲпѡ
սװֻ¹Ŷ֮챦
׵۹ѰƹıЩȥˣĻ᲻֪սװĶ֮
˵£Ƶ϶һģ
֮ǰҲʶսİأŻѰǰ㼤Ϊֻ֪Ҫ̽˽ҵ¹
ڣĿֻʣһ
ҵṆ̀


2632 ޶
ѰĻȴɬʥ˶ԣҪ̤˾̫ˡ
˵ţһ̾⺢ӱԲҲ֪ǺЩֻ֪ɱӵĻһֻǰƣòΪ֮
ܹӵʥΪҲԵıһ£ڡ
ܵģԺ󶨿Գʥģ
Ѱ룬̽һָ˷ü֮ء
ʱʶк췭ظƵģֱѹʱʶѶһӡ
ǣܴס
һͻʥĴСѰ
һӼ״εǰ
ллˣҲǾϲѣߴٿڡ
ܰһҪߵףѰסˡ
ɷϣϲ죬²ݵأмԺͱڼԺҲҪѹʧˡ
Ѱɫ
ܴǶһݺݵͷ
Ѱɲ֪֮£ԺУ۵սһͳħ׽ƬĶѪȡ
ʱ˽ԳΪԵ𡱣
̸ԵÿζպѰһĻԣʦ֮ͽȴʦͽ֮ʵʦûн֮ң
ЩǺ󻰡
ѰǱܺĸ׺󣬾ҴҶȥ
Ե󣬵ѰʶƬ̾ͱҵһ̡
һӵͥԺʯѻɵķɣܲۡ
ǰʯǰһᦣд̡֣ûһ֡
ڣֻϡϡˣҲûһܣֻǹ̨󷽣һӣڴ
Ѱ߽ʱǻֻ̧ۿһ£ջĿ⣬ҪʲôԼɡ
ѰĿһɨǳڹ̨еıﵹĿ廨ţȴûһսװ
Ѱü
ѵطˣ
ԵֻһС̡ĵط
ƹģǷֱȻһ۵ӿڣһֻһ߳ɫıɡó
Ѱͫһսװ
ʶӿºһҲ¹ģ
˵սװ˵ģ
ͬʱѰҲʱڱ̵ЩˣǺһ˿̶Ŀ⿴ǹ̨󷽵Ļӡ
ûСͷҲ̧ش
ûУòʣ۾ӿʱ˿˿Ƶˡ
̨󷽵ĻӲͷ˵ûоûУǲģھͿˡ

һǰͱˣٲʵʵش𣬿ɱҵȲ
ЦҲ̿ҵЩĸ۵Ķ£еǾͶ֣Ը
Ե޿֡
Ϊ׵İü֪˭
˭ֻҪ£ͳԲ˶ߣ
ʺĵطȻ˸вǡħšЦ
ħţ
Ѱ⣬ħߴħ֮һųӵʮλ澳ħͷлһ׺ƥĺݽɫ
񣬾ħŵһսװ߲ơ
һĻһ֤֮ǰƲⲢûд¹ܾݷò۵ıУ
ħţ
ɫ΢䣬ֱ鲢Ǿţһ־⡣
ǴֻΪһƴ˱ĵƴʦȻ֪ǵ͸ܾǵĺ
ӵȻڣ͸һ˿ư
ȴɫһò̾ϢˣҾʹ󷢴ȱǰһǿеġƴʦ
δ£ָڹ̨á
ʱһĽƲɢ

һ͵̽ץ¡
ȴһЦ׳ա
ӰͻһõĹʧðһץա
ˣ
ɢӵֻǰһ䣬ʱһƬڰУãã󣬿߼ʡ
ǵ޷һ˿
һӣнԷ
ڴʱһתһɫľȻĮ꣬ƾոֶ
ģʣɫֳһֹ֮ͭɫһͷҰ׳ԺһƯβϴһɾüĳɫۣʺҫۡ
ֺ󣬳Ŀڰеɫɡϣüͷ΢΢һ壬
ɱӵд˱ˣ
絶㣬͸Ŵ̹ǵͺ⡣
Ǿ͸㡣
ѲҪ𰸣Ƕ
Į̽޳ָһա
ڰĽУӿֳһһ޴кڶǰһһһ̵
ЩҲûеֵɶͽͣкڶɲĽǵıȫɣ˶ʧ
ʼգɫûһ˿ĮľȻ
һĬ̽һУһ֮ǰڰеɫɡС
һĬһ̾ĺˣȴҲˣħԽԽ˿˳ˡ
ͫ΢УȻʶһ£ƴСһˣ

һɫ㡢ɽϡ
֮ǰǱƹӣӰƾճڰɽһ£ֹһħʦܶϣҲûʲô𡣡
ҡͷĿ⿴Զ
Զһ峺СϪԱߣһһŮͯ϶ģɫޱרע
ǰһ۾Ц˵硢£ⶼˣǵĶĻֳʤ𣿡
û˴
ǱкǱµŮһƶרעȻҵӡ
ֺǺЦţҲ⡣
ֻһ̣۾͵ɵùԲЦ̣һı飬е㡭ôģ
ԶĹ£ѰǾεӰ֪ʱѳ֡
ԣѰЦȻ߽ġ
ӹֽеⲻܣ⡮޶졯ڴĽʦֲ£ǲﶼֲˣ
Ѱһһ¹Ļչеʦ棬Ƿ
ֻһۣɫһɲѰģ
˵ġ
ѰĿһĿɽ壬Ҳһãпһõط
ˣŭܲ˵˻ҿɽˣ
¹Ҳ¹£Ҳܾ˵ʦֻҪһжȻ
Ѱ˵ţڶĵͯȥһ֮ɫ
֮УԴݺ͸һİء
ֲһķϤˣΪСʱ;¹Ķġ
һǿһ衣
ǽб¶ȱ©⣬ָ㡭
Сʱ֣ٿһĻǰݣѰܲп


2633 
Ӱһһ֮£ӳֳһӰ
֮ǰǳ꣬һͷҰ׳ʵӵĮľȻѰ硢ʱͫײײС
ʦܡ
һϲ޶ͬУλȻĩ裬սԿƹھȺۣ
ӾͽѰ˵غ־ٶ֮
գüкˣѰҪʦ
ѰʱЦȻ¹ʦ
һ̣Ҳϲá
ʱ뿪һɽѹȥ꣬лٺ¹Ҳʤϲ
¹
üʦǰЩʱ򣬾뿪޶죬Ȱ㻹ذɡ
Ѱüʦȥ
ʣΪҪ㣿
ţ
Ҳѹ
Ѱ룬㻳Ҵͼ죿
ѵˣɫĮ
ѰȻЦˣָڶĵ֣ΣҲһӮˣͻشҵ⣬ˣˡ
һ£ȷ
ѣףȶĿ裿Ҳһ㵣Ϊˡ
˲Ļ᲻֪һϣ޶ԳƵǶ£޳ң
ڣȻҪ޶Ĵ˶ģֱǰŪȡˣ
һ̣Ҳᵽ飬ҲΪλһ£ʳȷ֡
޶죬˭Ҫ󣬿¶еܻɣ
ˣνġ
ѰЦһۣһƵģò߳ӵİɣ
ѰЦһͣǳ鴤˵ˣǰֻ¹һ档
Զ硢ͯӶӿܣϥһ࣬ʼɡ
ȻѴӦѰ
ѰҲϥ
ĵĹɶһʵ
Ŷġ϶ġŹģʮġʮɷģԣȻĹڸҲ޷һһ±ǡ
Ѱڵ
ȻȻ׼˳㣬˵߳ӵģ
ѰЩԸһˣ뷨̫⣬ЦԷǡ
ǿͣѡһ֡
ɫľȻûκһ˿顣
Ǿ;Źġ
ѰҲƴǣһöӣϡ
ʱ䣬һĽƴӿֶ
ӵҲΪ񣬿һĻʱԾΪѰб
߲ƣ
վһ࣬һĻʵľΡʦ壬һʲô
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˵ģҲ˵Ѱģ֮ǣһģǲֵġ
ʱһöӣһϡ
ʱһĽƴҲ֮ӿֶɡ
Ѱͷϵȷܲ򵥡
ţһöӣٶ䡣
Ҳ֮ӡ
ͼССϣһĽƴӿ֣ݲͬС
ʼЩ⣬ɽأüͷ΢΢ʶһУٵȫעӦԡ
һսľΡʼʮ㣬ΪƬ̣ǰ߳ӵļһעش졣
ֶĽչɫѸеһ󵨲ľ
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Ѱʱɺ⣬ǲ˼һſӡ
СϪĵĳȴһƬžѹ֡
ۼٶԽԽ˼ʱҲԽԽ粻Щ̧ۿľΡҪ˵ʲô
ȴԾ֣ľΡͷѽˮͫùԲüд˳ԾԼһĨβסĵǡ
ģڶнһޱȵɱҲżѹƵġ
ҲǴʱŷ֣Ӱ
Щ޶еĳŮ٣ǣĬһġ
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˿̣һֱս˶Լͬسһƺ磽ĵĽźѹɫø
޶һ׿Ĵˣ֮֪Ϊ֮ޡ
ڣȴһİ£
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һϵִﵽ˺εȿֲĵز

ľΡеʧǣЩ޷ܡ
ʤ֮ǳ£οƶ֮ΪкƶĿΪ裬ԣ˴ζܣһһ¡
ʱһϮ£òڡ
˶ͷ
Ŀ⿴ѰȣĿǰ޶ƽְ֮֮ǰľΡѾңСѴһ޶ʦ
Ѱֵˡ
˼Цʦ䲻ڣСѴҪҪһǰһ𡣡
лѰ
ǰߴ·Ѱһɽȥ
ľΡЩ޶촫Ŀ뿪󣬶˽
˭һ裿
˵ݼʦòǰʶʦɣ
˵ȷһƿأѴﵽ˼ĵزԶǿɱȣҿֻƽԳ֣ѹһͷ
УһֱǣɫľȻȻӿ˵â
ҴŲ³˭ˣ
˵ţӰһʹҴҳɽȥ
˶ȻһͷˮҪ׷ʱӰʧ
ߣҲȥ
ľΡͷҲһɽ۵ķ
ͬʱ
ɽУһϵĵ
ڣһȾתѰ֣ȻʵʡѰӣ


2634 ¹Ŀ
ȿżɽֱӵѰݣ
Ѱһ£Цǡ
Ц棬пܶǰʦ˵ԺѰӶǰҺ⣬ֻû룬ڽռ˹ӣ룡
˵ţѰΪ赹ˮֽһЩʵĳϣħһЩزѰģӿԳ
ѰЩܳǰ̫ˡ
ˬЦʦ¹ǿƽģһ֣һһ͵ܱɡ
Ѱ
Ƭ̣Ѱ̲סʣ֣¹Ĳڣ
ȵʮǰʱʦ뿪ǰħ֮һġ֮򡯣
֮
Ѱһݣһ͡ԪŷߡһĴ֮ء
˵بǰʱ֮ʹħУǲԪһƬؾ
ǵط긲ڿ񱩵У˲˼ǣЩѭĳصĹ켣ܻƴ
ܻĽƴһ֪֮εȿ£
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ֲ֮ޱȣɶ¹ȵʦԣɳջ
ϾĽƴ¾Ѱ˵ʱҲӿǿҵĺ档
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飿ѰȻ¹ʲôʱҲˣ
Ҳ֣ΪʦҪʦʱ˵͵ܹɿ飬Իס
Ц
˵ţһ޹ǴĥɵóݸѰ鹲ǵһ
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һ飬ʵǰħ֮һġԪŷѼʮԪ
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֪ѼԪǺεա
ȻѰҲԲУΪÿһʱ䣬Ԫŷоͻᱬһϫʱ򣬻һЩԪˢ䵽硣
ֻǣĻҲ֪²ѼʮԪ
˵ʵҵ֪һʱһԪŷεգðȻ룬Ҳʦ⿼δҲ
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Ѱһͷˮʲô˼
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Աߵһ䡣
ѰһУҵĺ𣬿
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Ѱ׹
ҷ֧Ⱥ壬ĸ૑ϵᡣ
ֻǣԴͨʧ૑ĸڼ̳峤֮λʱ˾䣬֧һٴ۶峤֮λ
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ʵ֣޶Ƿӵܣ
ûˣϾħʦҲЩ⣬һй¶Ϣ»гȵ
ˣ֧ЩһѰ
ֹǡ
ȳ̾Щ飬Ҳһ֪⣬ʦҲ˵Ժʦʱһ˼һ֪𰸡
Ѱͷ֣йݵ飬ʱҪй¶ȶԣҵĳҿɱ¹ֻ಻١
Ȼ˵ıǡ
죬Ѱ뿪޶죬ʧԵϡ


Ԫŷⲿ
ء
ɲԪŷ籩ϯ˶Ĥռȫ˺ѣƬضֳҲưܾ
⻹ֻⲿ
ڼԶԪŷһ޴ĳؼ䣬ɺɫԪ֮۶ɣֲķǣΪ̸ɫ֮һ
˵һصԪɽԪŷ
Ѱִʱǡÿһʱ䣬ͻᱬġԪųϫ
ԶԶȥԪŷвͬһ㣬ɵʱѵĿռȫקԪŷУƬճֳһּ𡢱״̬
Ԫŷͷʱͬɽ㣬ɫԪɢ췭ظ
Ԫųϫһֹޱȵ֣˵һĪĿռǣ
ֻԶԶţѰľɫ
Ҳע⵽ԪųϫתУʱʱأһҫ۱ĺڹԪŷӳƳգⲿ
ϸǺȻһ״һںʯͷŽĹ
Ԫʯ
ÿһԪʯУԪһϡ䱦䵱Ʋϣ
ÿԪʯӳʱⲿĲͬطͻ˱Ӷ֣ᡣ
Ҳⲻ˻ᷢѪȵɱս
ʱѰĵ˸޵ߵľ裬ɱ
ȻҲ˾֡
ԴˣѰᣬԹȻһǣЩԪųϫбˢԪʯʮĿֱǱˮнѰȥȤ
ԶԶڱԪųϫݣδԪŷС



2635 Ԫɽ
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2636 ɽ
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2637 ؽ
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2638 ¹
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˵ΪξͲܵȵʧʱѡ峤
бΣ
¹ɫ両һĨŪ֮ɫĸûи˵࣬ǵƲЩˣȻˣҸҲ޷
ĸ׺˾˶ף⹫ͬ磬ӵе澳ĵУȴһֱȢӡ
ڼ̳峤֮λǰҲ⹫ʧãߺȻһŮˡ
⣬Ѱ΢УŮ⣿
Ůأֶθޱ˵ãٻλǰң˵ǰݷͣʵΪ
Ůչ¶ĵ̺ƺ󣬵ųΪ£ŵֻҪ統峤ͻȫ벻ܵż
Щ˴ӦˣѰҲüͷ
¹̾Ϣʱңһ겻񣬴֪ܵٴżٲı䣬޷ڵ㡣
ʱ⹫䲻ЩˡҲʹӦ˴¡
һõͳ
Ѱ⣬һЩδҲ̫ͿסҵλϣһŮϣЦ
ʱҵȷֹۣŮ˺չֳֶҲĵر֤飬õ¶һƬܣΪϣ
¹ɫӣʱĸ׺;˾ףҲûȥֹһУ̽⹫ʧ飬Ҹϻʱ˳µؽ峤Ȩ
ѰҲһ̾Щ˵뻢ıƤ
ʱ򼴱ڣҲֹһУΪҴӦ棬ڲ顣
¹ԳͽԸҲû뵽ͻȻѣû뵽һǰҺͲ
ѰȰο¹㵱ĸ׺;˾˵ӳң㹻ˡ
¹𣬵תƻ⣬ֻǣ統峤֮ƺδıұӵ³ѵŮ˱ˣ
¹¶ЦҲǰЩ귵粻ãҲŴ̽Ϣ̳峤֮λãŮ˵ָʹ£Ʒ֮ǰб֤ЩȫѹҲǣһ֮
Ҳ֪Ů˺Ϊ£֧峤ĿģΪͨؾ컯֮֮ף
Ҳ֪ԱҺĸס˾˴ߣõŮ˵գĻʵȥڵվȽŲ
꣬ѰˣЦЩ˿Ҳû뵽峤ͬŮˣԭһʼͰػİɣͽ뻢ıƤܣ
͸źεļ


2643 ϵ
¹֪Ů˭
Ѱʡ
˼֪ƾЩ֧ˣҪ۶峤Ȩûжϣ
ؼͳŮϣ
ʵҲ֤ŮǺΪ£ִ֧峤ȨһʼͰػġ
Գ㣬Ǹ֣磬ûĲ塣
¹µҶ̽Ůܺ͵ڰйء
ң
ѰԺ鲻Խһ¡
ż⣬ʦվͻȻϮһشʦҲǿɲĽɱñپ
Ҳʱ÷ŭҪѰסһ
ң
ڰһͷ
õ֮
ʱѰģܻһ죬Ҫʮٱ
ҡ
Ѱ䣬ѣҲӲȡ뷨
֮֮ͨǰԵڰʮͷΧ£òѡƴս
һĻĻ棬ӡѰԺˣ
ҵĴ־̽뵽ڣȡͨؾ֮ס컯֮ȱѰҲɱⱩӿ
ӦˣЩŮһֱңûɣȻҲ֪ͨؾȱﱻá¹µ
ԶţػĵŮˣ徹
Ѱ⡣
¹Ц峤֮λƾŮӵеƵĿе֪в֧Ĵ룬ʲôʱĸץȥֻҪóԸܹı᧿ΣĴ
Ѱ㲻Լ䣬ͨؾȱɶҵǾ͸ǸŮˣ
¹̾ǿı¾ٲãֻҪܻİҲԻȥ
ѰɫֲЩǻǰɥĲ׷ɱǿչŵ
ԣǰңҪСŮˣһֹΪ˶ͨؾȱҲΪ˶ȡϵĴԨѪ
¹ѵ
Ѱ˵ͷ
¹Ŀ⿴Զ֮ף˱컯֮еõأҲǴӴ˱Уӵ˴Ԩ츳ӵƿҲԷĵؽˡ
Ѱһ£¹֮оʲô
¹µ˵֮йأҲǴӴУҵǰ·ͼʲôܣֻԼȥ̽ˡ
˶٣У̤ϲ;ǰûǲҪ˹ףҲ֮ǰΪֹ㿪˹׵ԭڡ
̤㲻ܿ˹ף
Ѱǿĵĺ棬¹ġ
ġ
¹ЦķһöݸѰҵһмȡ˱ط޴طǲҲŲƴ˱˿
ѰŻȻֲ֮ǰԼƴȫҲ޷Ųͭףԭ
ӹһ̽ѽط򣬵̽зɬĵ
ˣ
ʱͭһصĻٿСջһ⣬Ѱüġ
ǰͨؾ㣬ʶУ֮
ڣ㻹ʲôҪʵģ¹ʵ
Ѱ룬¹֪

¹һɫɻ
ѰԨȡֽһֱ˯Уб˳

Ѱ˵ţͽһЩ״˵˳
֪ƴʱͳѰʱ¹ͫһУĸгԾ
Ѱе֪ǡ˵ļʱһʶʲôݵֵͨ˵ģ
Ѱļ¹ʲôģ
ЩɲֹһεƲһš
¹׷컯֮еõ֮ײã˵𣬻ôӵ˸ı˵ĻᣬͬģҲմȾ˵
ʱ磬Ϊ֪Ǻǻȴƶϳĺϡ
˵⣬¹Ŀ⿴˯е΢ɫұΪôȥˣ浱˵ܸڣƺӦˡ
Ѱһ㵣֮
¹µͷ˵ҶϲǴ¶Ĺܶ꣬ǲõģܾͻᲨĺᡣ
⵹һ밴˵λУҪҪ
ѰȻ¹Ȼ֮Ǵ컯֮б֣˵컯֮йأ
Ҳܺʹ˹йء¹µ
Ѱ𵴣ܻһͭйأҲԵ̫
ͭһĪؽһڹײģУǰĵط԰ϢĹޣ
ܺһڹײǣϹϵ
һ̣ѰҲ̲ס֮״ʶȡ
˯еûһ㷴ӦҲû˶ʲôӦ
õ𰸣Ҳڿ˹ס
¹˵Ҳˣλڳ˯ֻҪߣԺõ𰸵ģô
Ѱɫһ𲻶òŻͷһ
֮𣬿ų˯еһʲôҲǷеҴϲܵ˺Ҳ뿪ң
ޱȾȻͼᶨ
ûףеĵλǺεҪǺε޷ȡ
¹¿۵ףҲ΢ĸоͨڴˣǵġģ񻹻ᵣǣ
ߣǰǰȴȥһˣ·Ը㲻ٰ
¹³츣ȥ
һԻҲ˽ҲѰҿĵţ˽⵽൱Ļࡣ
޶죬
ݼʦ
߽񣬶Ϳ¹һѰһ侲ѩľ͵ؼ
¹µͷѲ³νĿģճʱͺѰһ뿪ħǰҡ
Ȼ
ľȻĮĿӶ¶֮ɫ
ӽ޶ѵȴնˣ
ǣ
һȻ
¹¶Ѱ˵ִָҺҲ԰һ˽ҵ״
ѰͷȷҪһ˽ҵ˴·Ϊĺᣬɾͺܺʡ
⣬㽫ϡ
˵ţ¹µݸѰһӡĺɫУִҺΣգͽ˺д򿪡
ʲôѰʡ
¹ЦȻΪ׼һƣԺԼɡ


2644 
һ硣
Ѱһ¹µ֮£뿪޶졣
籩Űħϡ
һұѰȫٷɶݡ
ͷϣѰһƣһ߻عһεľ
ӵ;Ҷ̻һִħѹȥ¡
ʱ˺ܶ顣
磬ڼ齹̫Уɱħ˳ؽĵܵܲߡ
Ҳˣõӡԭʼصġ汾ǡ
ֱִԵ޶죬Ѱԣνջ
ҲǴʱ֪¹Щ꣬ʵһֱΪμ׼
ǰԪŷѼʮԪƽؽ󣬻ѳе֮ס
һУ¹רΪԼţ
ѼԪƽؽΪԼգԨʱⷨ
ԼѪѵ֮ףҲͬΪԼ̤ϲ;֮׼
Ǻ¹̸Щ£ҲΪѰ⿪˲Ķɻ
ͬѰҲЩǡ
¹ϵ˥ٻڣÿͻᱬһΣԺһûֵܵסȽѡ
Ѱȥ
뿪ħ·̷ƽ˾ѰѪݾڡ
󣬱˳ȥ
Դӱӵһֱ̾ڵˮݡڡ
һƫƧݾ
̾еĲ壬ֹң塣
ңҲܲ
Ѱ˽⣬жʮݣһЩĲ壬ƿݡ
ڵңռݣ̺ҲƵǿ
˶ԱȣˮݱƫƧ֮أһҪ岢С
֪û䵽εȵز
һº
ˮݣǡ
ҹɫīѰһջ㡣
ѾҴ뿪ǰ̽Ϣ
Щһֱħ޶죬ҵĽ˽⡣
ȻޱȿѰһȥұ𣬿ɵ֮Ѽ㹻鱨
ջУѰھޣ汾ȻĲԭʼۡ
ÿо
ǰҸѰִ֮һҪΪһħϡ
£á
Ҫ˽ϢӶһθжЩܵĳޣĵйȥ
ҵ֮̾أλˮݶϽġɽһƬˮһɽء
Ӻǳ֮ڣִܵɽڵĽ
ʵϣѾƹܵĳǳ֮һҵĵ̡
ֱŴҴҷء
壬Ҵ̽Ϣ
һʱ䣬ͽһöݸѰ
ձ㣬ѰһƱ嵹ҲӦõġ
ѰһоȻ
ǰԴɽλڵбѰɱ½Ϊ֮𶯡
ʧһλֱ͵ʧȥ˶֮һ
ٶĵ澳Ҳ޷ֲľ޴ʧ
ش֮£ҴҲֹۡ
˵ˮݾڣҲڴ˵壬һʱƵƵźۼزʳһЩԭҵĵ̡
־ŭ޿κΡ
ƲˣͽκΣ
ѰЩ£ʵЩֻͣ
ͷԴ˺Ϊº;һֱң˵ˣȴЩһֱܵĹ
͸ź⡣
Ϊĺᣬгȥ֮ˡ
ƺأЩһֱԱչأѰٴʡ
϶Ѿչǧˣ˵ڲһطЩ¾ɽѶңҲûӱչ߳
Ѱ˼˵Ƿа취ƺӴճ
ҡͷ̫ˣ֧ĵλޱȳȻձ֣Ĳһ飬ܾ
˵⣬ʲôˣҵһ£ץһˣƺԲʳѰ
˭
棡
͸ź⣬ĵΪܹ۳棬ļҵ׶Ĺ⣬õ˵ܵӰ졣
ˣҲͰˣޱȳˣЩ֪ܹĴѹ裬ɺ޵ǣҵλã͸Ҧһ竣
˵⣬޵гݣ۾졣
ҦңǺһ𲢴ˮݵ֮һ
һҡ
֮ҡҦҡҾˮе塣
ѰƬ̣ʵץס棬ܱȵƺӴ߳
ϣ
Ҳȷֻ֪ƺӶޱӣϣϣ۳ʱƺһֱһ໤˼Ѫ;
Ѱ˵ͷܽ£ȷԵһв֪ںεأ
ɿ۵ᣡ


ˮݾָһʤż
˺죬׳ʢʺϼĳɾ
һʱ䣬֡
Ϊǧһȵġ۵ᡱڱĻ
ˮݾڵſ˷һãǱд۵ˮݵĿ
ȷһ׮ʢ¡
ÿǧ꣬ͻ塢Ҧٰ졣
ʢſֻҪ۵ϵдб׿ͼܱѡУӶʵ֡Ծšĸı䡣
Σˮ޵Уߵʥ֮أ뢰Ĵڡ
ܹκһУԸıǵˣ
۵ᣬֵ죬ҹ񼫸ߣΪ۵
һɵ澳Ľɫ
˵ҷƮҡձұУǸ߲ʵȻܽСԺγ޷ֱϣ
ǰΪ۵棬տ϶ʣϾУҲĴ桭
ǲ֪һλֶ˶ܹҿС
֮ϣ鵽ӰһͷҲǴ˷
ڱ룬Ưһ޴ĵ˿ǵϣһ۵дݡ
ھԶһһشƶѻɵϯλ
˿̾ϯλϡ
ͷڣһϮۣ㣬罣ǹһĨ޵ͻȣǣ߸ϵס
ġ
̾
۵Ѿ죬ѵɸѡǰߵʱ
濴ɿĿߣҲ߰˶ѣ۵ᣬĸġ
Ψһĺôǣ۵ϣĿĽ㣬ῡֻĴ棡
ֹΪ壬Ϊһλ۵档
Ҵӽ֮УΨһһ۵棡


2645 ٳ
۵棡
ҫ۵һƺţϵһ磡
ÿ뵽ԼҲ̤˾ҲƮƮȻĲʵС
ԺңҲؽƿأԺңҲҶòͬ
ӿ׳־
ӣ峤Ϣ۵̷塣һʹҴҶ
ΪΣ
üԼѣ۵󣬾ǰ¥
Ϳ˿ܣŵ˵峤ѾӦΪȡһԪ̡Ļᡣ
һԪͥ
һӣıùĸĴӦˣ
ͺЦͷϣΨнԪͥչֽţŹ
洽ǽסһĨȣͷã۵̾ͻȥ
Ԫͥ
ǿκξ۵涼ǰĵطܰУ̤㲻֮Ҳ룡
̤㲻֮Ժҡҵģ渡棬޲ھ̷塣
֮ϡ
ȺУԶ壬Ǿ棡
Ѱڱһ࣬ԶԶؿŸϯλϵ棬ǰû뵽ԭԴҲҳһ۵ġ
̾ǣȴòϣ츳͸ǣ֮ͬеȷ׿ˣŻý۶ԴһԶڴϡ
Ѱͷܹ۳棬ȷ򵥡
˵ţһ
һɫ䣬ҪĿ֮¶֣
Ͳһĵط
޵ߺ֮࣬ɰѰնȥһ·ϾǸû˲Ĵڣ
һ˵УѰӰȴǰɼ
ǺεĿࡣ
۵ϣдԾڽУĿ⣬ȴûע⵽һεӰʹ۵Ͽⲽ
۵Զϯλϣһڵ澳ڣʮˣɰڣҲûвһӰƾ
һĻ㶼Լ۾
µǣܹѰʶӦУȴ׽Ѱټ
ѰִһϯλʱλõڲʲôȻ̧ͷ
󣬾Ϳ˲֪ʱԼһ֮صѰͫһȳǺˣô֮أ
ȴȻƺû
ɫһ䣬һ֮ɢ
ſ֪Уرã綷תƣеľ󶼲ֻʣһƬڰޡ

ʶ㣬淴侲
Եǲס
ԶѰӰƾոֻ֣ǷӦһ֮ƾЩ۵棬˲ֹһء
˵ĲѰ죬ȻʶʲôѰ
ɫ¶֮ɫ
һֵĻᣬҿ֧һԴҳľ۵棬мＸ
³ݣѰ֣£ٲ²ԼݣǾͲһĴˡ
Ȼ㣡
ɫ粻޷ƽǵ򣬲֪ٲĥһ
£һﾹҳ֣
ҲǴʱʶأѰ游˵ֻҪ˳ңԺҵ峤֮λģ治ٿǿǣ
ʱ䡣
Ϊ۵棬Щʮ㣬Ѱʱз
һżѪɱ¾лӵһɱĿֲˡ
Щ綼ڴѪս
˲Ļ᲻֪ҵĲɽǱѰɱ
һУѰʱʱԵõˡ
ѰĻῴԷ˼ȻȻôˣҾ͸㣬ò˶ãҾͻȥһ⣬һ游Ҳһλͨĸ˳㣬Ҳ˶һĶԹ
ǿһЦ֣оڿЦ
ѰǲǿЦǴʵʵظһ⣬
ʲô
ѰУԼ۵˲
Ĳӿŭ⣬ΪȲʤȯˣ
Ѱԡ
䣡
䣬ϾɢһԶѰ澳ܣһҫ۵ɫתӳĵ䲻
ѰҿɲǰԴ֮ˣ
У溷Ȼ
ü֮أӳһɫ񽣣һ磬ն䡣
ǰĿֲϯֱҪء
Ѱָһ

ɫ׻ҵײõɳȥ
һѹòѪɫɳױˡ
ѰȻһܣԶԶƿƬ磬֮˵ע⣬Ȱġ
ɫѿѰ˵һĿĲѰҪ˻ƿ磡
ֻҪܹע⵽ԵõЩ澳İ
ҿɲţ
һһ䣬һֱѩ͸ĻԲӳе﷢⣬ӿֳɫ򲨶
һر

߶ȫͼǻԲѩ̷Խɫɢһ㣬ɢĿֲϢ
һɲѰͼƻ硣
ֻǣȴ˱Ѱ̽һץԨĸ֣ɢɬϢ
˲ѣɫ类麣Ƶģȫһա
飡
е̶ըѡ
⡭
һӣĳȵף巢Ȼ֪ѰսֲսʱᵽѰսҪԶиǿ
޷
κͬܺĸо
ʲôֶΣʩչԶѰڵ
ɫ࣬Ϊβֱɱң
Ѱڵû㣬ܽƺ
УҡֻһնĽɫ
㵣ɫо϶ڴ˿̱̤飬ǰδеĴܱ֮ӿȫ
Ϊأ
Ѱ̾۵ΣҳɽΪεĴڣҲˣ
ǰһƬҰ
ԭ־ϣش˴ηغ󣬾ͰĸİţǰȡһԪͥĻᡣ
Ѱĳ֣׷һУ
ڵ졣
ʧڱϵϢ籩ɢˮݺ䶯
Ͼ治ֻˣһλ۵棡ڵ򶼳ƵǷëǰĿڣ
ɾһҫȴĿ֮£ʧˣ
ɺܲ˼顣
˭ģ
˭ס޵ߵ۾۵Ͻߣ
ɻܿ˴𰸡
ΪҲʧĵ죬һϢ
Ǳҵĳҽٳ֣
ϢһˮΪ֮䶯


2646 ֮ŭ
ɽ
֮̾ء
汻ܵϢغ𶯣޲Ȼ
˭˴󵨣֮ˣ
ɶ񣡡
ôģͷҲͬСɰ
ڲֵĻ̡̻
Щȴֳμ̬ȡ
֧ˣ޲Ϊ˷ŭ侪ȴֻ
ЩûѹˣǵŭԹ
һƬУУҲѹ֮
ͨʧѾִ峤Ȩ磬˿ɫĵĽɱ
뷢īһۣ˸ߴţŭ
У֧һڴһãһɫҲܲÿ
һСȴЩΨһһλ۵档
ĵλ֮ҪҪԶЩ֮ϣ
ȴͻȻ۵ϱ˽ٳ֣ɾһƹǴֲ
򣬸ôģǲɣɣ˼Ҧңң
һ˷ȻڣԴɽڵѣЩ꣬ƵƵ֣ʳƿصĵ̣ٲȻѲҷˣҲֻܶ֡
нһ󷭹
ҦҺңҲˮݣ㶦һ
Ϻͺʵڰн˲֪ٴΡ
Щ꣬ҦҡΣֱӽϡ
ʱƿصĵУɶѾ̲
ҲǲȴѺֹһС
ԭڣЩһЩҲ֮˥
ǰЩɽ䣬ֱǳصԸӵĴԪˣӵеԶҦҺҡ
£Ҳò㹻ĵȥ峹˺
¾µĵʧҲֻˡ
ڣҪ˾ٳֱ֣ڴǵۣ޷͡
Ӵʹã޷ȥҦҡȫ濪սҿȴ̽Ϣ˵
˳
Ļжһ󷢶£Ǳ
ңܾǰҿڵȻǸȥ͵ڰʮͷĶ
أ
Ľ£ƽȮۣ
¹ūţ૑㣬Ŀܻᷢô飿
˱Թ͸ź⡣
Щ꣬ĿδҲ̫ˡѵ첻ң
ȥǡǻص긲ޣ޷ˡ
һ̾
ǶҵĴĻ᲻֪ҵĴǺεȾȺΣգ
ˣ
ϣ俪ڣѹסеҲһݡ
ֻ֪˭ץ˷ȱԹģ
磬ɫˡ
ž
֪ȷеϢܻ
峤ϢˣүϢˣ
أ⴫һһһȥ
һĿע£һʶ̽С
Ƭ̺
飡
ը飬ɫǱü価Ƿŭ
нʶ
˭ģĿɭȻؿŵ
£峤ǰеһȵ̷רŴ̷˵һİ˽򽻸һԴȷѡ
ʣ̷ģ
ɿСҲ鲻ԣѾ̷Ѻ塣
ɫͲ٣ͷĲȥ̷
ȥ
峤ѵ⣿˽ס
ޱû⣬Ǿ˭򽻸̷ģܲͿ֪·ĵ˾˭ˡ
˵ţѾ̷
һӣΪֵܲһᡣ
Ҳûдѯ˼ֱӵҪпһ˭Σ
һľţڵأޱϵصͷֻҪܰﵽλˣСң
ͽ
˵ͷʶͷŶٿӵڡ
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Щ꣬ȴʼӰ֮޼ˣ
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˴УɫʱˣԳĳֹһˣǾֻһֿˡ
ɽɫҲһ¶֮ɫСĸ򣡣
֮ǰǿɶΪĳҦңҡ
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ɽɫѿˮڤ粻飬ҶԿף
ѰûǴֻ֧ҡɣ

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Ѱǵ㵨죬Ͳѣ
Щǿ߷׷׺ȳ⡣
Ѱüϻ湻ģһ䣬Ǿ벻ˣ
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ƺʣӰ֮Ҳˣ

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⣬Ц棬ǻζȴ˲


2648 һı
ƺʶ޷ˡ
ĿⶢѰ޼鱻ӡԴʯУΨдԨѪȡҪԸһȥңϵ츳ſ׾ٽó
˶٣ʮҿȸֻҪ㽫ˣԻὫʣµİ˼㡣
ѰЦʲôʱˣ㻹ּۻۣ˵浱Ҳ֪޼һֱƿУʲôԴʯⶫ޷ڲƭŮ˵˵Ƕѡ
ƺüЩ⣬Щ˸ģ
Ѱȴ̾㿴ˣθûñｻ
˵ţһӣӰֶ
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ʵϣҲ޷һλ۵ܾգۼͽһλܡ
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˵һδ֧ܺǰ𣿡
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2649 
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Ĭ˼ãųɵ֮ǰƺƥǰʱûвµЮǱҿ֧Щ˿¶Ϊֵĳ
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2650 
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ѰûŶ룬Ӱһƹ⣬ŷȻ롣
ƶڣһƬѪɫһͷɢӣѪհ߲һִᴩǣʬ㣬һС
ϣŷܵĽϢˡ
ԶһѪأһߴӰУ˫գɫҰףһϸɺĶӲȫ
ÿһŶӣ׶һּرÿһʱ䣬ͻǸߴӰϼȡһʺľѪ
ѪУ˸ҩ䱦ԴԴϵزǸߴӰõϵľѪ±ϼȡҲɥ
졢ѪȵһĻѰͫҲȻһԺ鲻Խֳһа֡
ĵУĻῴһѪصĲ֣ΪܹԴԴϵؼȡǸߴӰڵľѪ
ǰǸߴӰӣѰԭ侲Ҳ
սۣ
ȻǾ˾ˣ
ԺУ鲻ԽֳһĻ棬ܾǰһΰӰǿ֮Ͽ񱼣;һſǳը飬ǵƼֱֲޱߡ
һڴԨǿգ֪ƣ֪Ҫǰη
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ȴȻǰ塣
ǬΪ֣ӹŽΪɴΪףΪӣġ
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ָ֮꣬ǰϣ
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ڣǺǿգˣȴˣҹҹŴޱȵĥ
޷ƵɱҲɽХӿѰͷҪƲס
죬һŬԼ侲ĿҲŲԶһ
еӰͷɢѪգһΨһ˿˥ܹ֤š
Ȼ죡
Ҳ⹫ĸ૑ĵĸף
Ѱûٵ飬ѪǰһӣȫĹѪɫһֶܼʮԼȡʺľѪ
Ѱָ
飡
ʮ籬飬еľѪѰȡһѪɫӿڡ
ۿɼǲҰ׵ɫԻָ˲٣ֻɻʲѣѰ̽ŷ֣Ϊ˥ߡشνһʱҲ޷
㡭ҡѰˡ
ѪСԶǰָ罣Ữ¡
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꣡꣡
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ͬһʱ䣬һĿķɽӶֶɱ
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ͷɽұҲǱݿƿʯм¡¡֮
һʱ䣬ѰӰڴɽ֮۵Ͽգ
һ·ĵطɽ类һ񽣴мƵģһ̺Ȼ
ڴɽµĽ͵ضͷųҫ۵ĵƽԡ


2651 ô

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ϣɫҲÿ¡
ƺ뿪ڣѾȥˣȴûһϢòᡭĳ˰ɣ
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ϣĸܹһٽƺһ̵¾ǱսƺֶΣҪĻǲҲס
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ΣǲĴˣ֮Ǳȡж࣬Σӣ
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汻ܣ͸ԳشƺһҲȫѣзĸо

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žӦ𣬽
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Ȼһ͸ŶشԵڴ
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ڴʱ⴫һ̵ֻ峤ˣƷдսɽ嶼ˣ
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һҲ¶ЦݣӦþֻû뵽Сӵӿ湻ģǱɽ֮ǰΪѪ񶤡ͻȻ䱬飬ͱСˣ
Ѫ񶤣
ѰʶˣţЦϹɣʵǰû뿪
Եú򶨺
Ӳһۣô˵ģ
Ѱ⻹ʣ
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Ϊǿκε澳ȴܲǰⷽ紫ˡ
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Ϊǰˣĺ˲һҪԴ
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ͬʱӲѿڣֱӽѰݵơ
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һӣ硢˽¶֮ɫ㲻Լ䡣



2652 ɫ
Ѱ
ǸҺ޵ޱȿõˣڽҹҵĵϣ
о
Ѿ˼ҲûŪֵȴȻôͻȻȫ⧲
һֱ̣ĻŭţЦѰԭѰ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
Щ֧ĴʼĴ֮ҲһЦ档
һﾹͶˣ
컯Ū˰
Ӹòϴĸ棬ת⣬Ϊ˰ɣ

ѰŹ֣ЩһδҲ̫˰ɣ
ʵҲܹ㿺ܣѰϲֹǾ˴Ԩ츳ؼǣͨؾ컯֮ȱҲϣ
˳˼ҹı
λСһȻҳ̡
ҲʣֻҪ侲һЩ
Ȼһ̺Ӳ˵Կ϶ǣǱܣɽƺӵˣǱɱҲ˵һʱܵһЩۣǳԴֱʡ
һɫЦʧĵļҲǱһ޷ķŭȡһɫޱȡ
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棬֧Ψһľ۵棬ȴɱˣ
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УҲ档
ΧڴƷϿյѰĶȵףֽű
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һֱڽµѩ׵ԽĽ
ɲǼ䣬ããĽֱ񷣬ƥĲ෨ǽ֮ڣѰŭնȥ

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˿̸һնǰĽ⣬ֱҪضѸ͵¡
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öӰٿ۾𣬽̤ʮ磬Ӷͷۣһϵ㣬ݺݳѰɱȥ
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췭ظǬת
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Ѫ꾪£ǰֱðǣ޲Ȼ
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2653 
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ΪĻ᲻ȹƵĿֲ
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֪ǴӵĪܣԶѰɱȣ
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2654 
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2656 
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2657 ޼
á
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2658 
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ѰЩꡭίˡ̾Ϊ̫ܣҲͽ۶峤֮λĸȻҲᱻӳҡ

ףЩǹȥˣûС˵ôú÷컯֮棬ԺһҾǿԲġ㰲ο
ѰҲЦ⹫⸣֮У˵ĸǰǿչŵĿʶҸףĿܻң
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Ѱʱԥ죬˵⹫˾ˣϳԹڶ࣬һֱңܵǣۡ
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ԵУҲԸһȥԣȥս
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2659 
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ҶڽæµʱѰеһ
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2660 ̤ƽ˵ նݳ
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ʱһУڴϿա
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2661 

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˵ĸоϵľҦҡҵĲ澳ﶼЦ
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2662 ֮
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2663 ı
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2664 İ
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2665 ӭս
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2666 ˱޽
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2672 
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ƳһۣˣΪԸ⽫ߣҲԭһڼһڷɽʱ˵ҿһƤңȴоø㡭
˵һҧгݣҺøԱȣ˵鿴ƿʵ絶ⱲӶû˸ҪһӶؿշʱҾͺ޲õ
һ˿ɫ
ѰȻʧЦۼɫƣæǹȥˣһƽô
ҲֻǹڻΪʱǣȻƽϡ
ֱĺɫٽ
¹ǰǰţѰ˷ʢϯ
ȴЦŴӦ
졢һڴ㣬ｻڡ
ֱҹѰ¹½һ̸֮Ԫ֮ͥ˵һһ֮
¹ҲЩźֲǽ֮ѱԭԪͥĳλ
Ѱ¹£뿪ǰ
¹²֣˵ھʱԼѾ³һЩߡ
ϣǾȥɣӻ򣬽ûпвҵĶ֡
¹㣬ǰһСġⲻΣգͷңԶļҡ
Ѱͷ¹ĵķ㣬ģԺҶҵ˥ٵİ취
¹¶ο֮ɫûٶ˵ʲô
ֱѰʱǻ֮ľ˵
˵ҺͷɽһŹͬĵˣֻϧ֮ͨ䲻䵽ȵز
Ѱʦ㣬Ҳ˵棿
ţʦܾǰ˵ޣڴ֮϶һģƵܡ
ֻ̾ǣʦҲû뵽һܹʮͷΧˡ
ѰĬƬ̣ʦ㣬˵ʮͷŹڵڰ赲κǰھĹʸ־塣
һ㶣Цͷ񣬱ǡ
ѰҲЦˡ
ž׵ҹƻ翣ǹ㣬Ա涣ҡҷˡ
վһϮɫƮҷе޳پӣǻ·Ĺ
ԶǿµƺСʦܣ͵ȫһȵʤպսɵи׼
š
Ѱڱھ࣬ǶȣҲ˱ͼľ߳ͷ
߱ȼ磬ҹɫɽϣԶƺҲеƻ

һ硣
¹¡졢컹û塣
Ƕ֪Ѱվͽ;һ뿪
ѰҺ˾˵һЩ⣬һҪ¡óһУݸѰ
ڣװʮ鲻ʣеĶʯСеȭͷС
ѰдҪ˵ʲôЦ£ǽɾͰˡ
ѰһУ񣺡⹫˾ˣǶౣأ
콫Ѱ𣬶ӣҪС£صĸޡ
ԴоеĹػ
Ѱͷ
¹ͬһеݸѰһرԽ֮
Ѱûƴǣ󣬵¹Ҳౣء
ԶЦһп۵ףλģСʦǷɽˣ˭۸۸ǷɽǶ
¹¡졢㶼Ц
Ŀע£ѰһڿնȥԽԽߣʧ֮ϡ
ʱϴϼεһɺù⾰


2678 

Ĵ
ԹУֲʮء
ÿһأԳƵϡ㣬ԭʼԴųʮ
ʮһֱӴ̾ʮеĲȴ˲֪ٴΡ
ԭǣִԿʮ֮һ
ḣأעᱬս
ʧȻ˳
ʤߣΪĳصˡ
˵ܹռʮصĲ壬ʹʮľͷ
Ĵ򣬷ֲ֮ϡ
ֱӢޱ⡣
ĴУֲšʮ족
ÿһ򣬽Ը硣
ڵʮ챻Դ֮أԭʼ֮Ƶǵ޵
ӹʮͱΪϵĲռݡ
Щһ׾ƷεԶֹһ֣
񶫻ϡϡ۪ϡϣ̾ڡеĴС
Ĵÿһյ׾ƷĿٵ֣ĸ߰ң֮̾
סʮزͬ
̾ĴʮڵĲмٷı䡣
νߺǿԽϣԽֲ
˵ռʮصĲֻƵǶ⡣
ôռʮĲƵİ
֮ʮأĴʮ죬ǵȨƵһڲ壡


嫺͹󣬺͵ȫһ
ֲƬµĲƿ
ʮ졢ʮأƬµطͬҲ̾ŴСС಻塣
ܹ˶಻̾һ֮У֪ǺεȺ嫣
޵߶һʶ
ǲõ͵£

ϼǡ
еһ޳ǡ
ϼ֮⣬ʮ֮һ񸣵ء
񸣵صˣǲׯϡ
뿪һº
ѰھĴ£ϼǣڴ˶ӡ
ϸϣ۳һſˮ׹䣬һӨӰڵϡ
Ѱ£ʵأľʡ
йصһЩ˽˴ţ֪ʮ졢ʮأҲ֪һƬ㡢¡
Ƭ£Ĵ淢ҲŲΪ֪ıʱʱ̿ݡ
һжѰԣ޹ؽҪֻһͰˡ
ֱĺɫʱϼ𣬹ͷףһֱ£ֻǝˮϼԡ˿˿ƵĹɷ
ϼֵ
һֻ꣬һ°ꡭ
ѰһԶյ鱻ƿ˼ľ׺ǾޱƵķɫѣذӨֳһֽɡ껭߳һλӰ
ںڵ㷢٣¶һſľӣתʱַ顣
ŮװΣ
Ծ
ֻǴ˿Щգһţ˦ֽɡȥĴ絶Ļȣһ͸һĨŭ
Ѱæӭӣʦ㣬ĸǵˣ
ߵǰֱӽѰ֮ǰҡΰռǣһ˵û뵽ׯ϶ˣ
ѰȻʦ㣬ô£
ӽ󣬾;ֱϼǡ
ûãͶ뿪ǰϼǲԶġ񸣵ءǲׯϵ֮̾ء
ֻѰ֪Ҫȥʲô
ڿׯˡ
룬ׯһλׯʿ棬ʱԪͥѡУǰԪͥУʱׯʿѾΪԪ֮һԪһλִ¡
£ʦҵģ˵ҴʦǰԪͥǰǰݻׯ壬ͨׯ壬ܺׯʿȡϵܵõׯʿİʦԺԪа
˵⣬üһĨ⣺˭룬ׯһ徹һĶ
Ѱüʦ㣬˻
ʦ֪ׯһʼ棬һǿչŵ̫ʱһִǿ֮һ
꣬ʦǰھʱׯʼһæʦ֣ׯڵʱʸռ񸣵أ
վ˵
ׯʼҲһλžγ֮ŵľ̣ڵõһһڵվȽŲ
ֻǣׯʼ沢ľʹֹ
ĳıĿⶢ񸣵أչһʮɱ
ׯʼܵشˣ׷ɱöأ޴
֮ǰھʱ;򣬼˱׷ɱôȣ᧿Σׯʼ棬ְæ
գƾ跽֮İΪׯʼ񸣵أ
ҲǾΪ˵ʦæׯϸʸռ񸣵صԭ
ׯʼΪ˸м֮İæԺ󷽴紫ׯһһнб
Ҳׯһഫ
˭룬֮󣬵Է紫˵ǰׯһݷãׯʿѰһЩʱȴ⵽˶Էľܾ
ֻǾܾҲˡ
ϾʱǨ˷ǣһĶ飬񲻼þ͹á
ɾȴû뵽ܾԼʱԷԴ֮䣬¶ε䳰ȷ̬߸ϣ
Ǿŭԭ
˽ЩѰҲһĨ⣺ׯһȷ̫֣嵹ҲˣҳԼǷɽʲôˣ
ͳϴһ˿޷Ƶķŭ˼˵ˣǾһȺʱᱻĹ»ҰڰʮͷĲǣǸϽ뿪޲̸ǻޡ
˵̾ҲҿǲȫΪׯһʦĶ飬˼ǷɽˣΨֱ֮
ѰȻñʦ㣬¿ɲܾʹˣν񸣵ؼȻʦµģЩӵģ񸣵ջ
һ̲סЦʦϬ뵽һˣ˵ĶԣԸЩĹĶ͵Ǹۣ
Ѱ̵ʦ㣬ʱж
ӵ񾳲εУյԶԿׯһ
ʱ޷ׯһƷҲܸش
ĥѰס
ʦ㣬㿴Ѱ
ҡ΢΢ףһѰ¶һԵߵĲЦݣ
Сʦ㣡
˵ţƵ֣ššѰգƯֵϾǳ֮ɫҾһ̡
ѰǵһαŮǵšգͷ΢ɵľʱüͣʦǵĴ򲻹ǣ


2679 
֮ʦ˳˳ؽԪͥ飬ǴҪġ
Ѱʦ㣬ֽѵׯһӰ첻ҽԪͥ顣
ǵһʱ¶У»в֪ҪԸǣȻ֪㲻Щ粨վ⣬ֵá
˶٣˵οʱȥԸׯһ壬ׯʿ֪ԪͥʱǻᴦΪ㣬һϾԪִ£ΪͷߣҪԸĻػֳ۶ӡ
ѰȻ֣סļ˵ʦ㣬һ·Ӵǧսɱڣʲô鷳ͷ粨Ҳ֪ΪҺãׯһ嶼۸ͷˣҿ̲ˡ
ƽɡ
ߵ忡ӣеļᶨҲ㱣ݵʧ
죬һĿѰڼϵ֣ЦеΪҺãǲҪ׷ң
ѰͷֱðߣЦá
Լ̸°
ôͱʦˡ
ˣ¾ҵİš
ЦһǷɽݷô꣬ʲôûܹңʦǣǴʦǣжгһհʮͷƷʱٿϻ˭С
ѰĬƬ̣ãԺջ񸣵ء
Цԡ
Ѱ
ʦУԼС𣡣
ڴʱͥԺһŲ
ţһϵ𣺡ʾǷڴˣϷׯ䣬ǰݻᡣ
Ѱһۣü
ׯһʱǰʲô
ĪҪһ⡣
һ;ֱǰ򿪷š
ͥԺ⣬վһ۰׺ߣţʱ¶֮ɫ֮ǰ񸣵ʱЩ̫񣬻Ѷ
ɫȻǸģͲˡ
Գׯæѣ֪ȥǰ񸣵ͣһǸҲ뽫
üν
ׯ买ֵѵŰݷãΪȡׯʿİ£ҿİӦѣ⣬ҪæģֻҪ԰쵽ģزƴǡ
ԶѰ̬תδҲ̫ˣΪΣ
ׯ俴һѰЦλǷ紫Ѱˣ֮ǰĲԣϧǣҵ֪ʱѾһʶǰǸ
һλ
ѰʱҲûκ̬
ʱԥˣѰЦʦ㣬λǰгˣҲܾܾȥ񸣵ؿ
ׯʱЦ棬ȳѿ롣
˵ţǰߴ·
˵ʲôͱѰŸ첲ȥ
ʦ㣬ʲôϷǳĵǸǵ޷ĵǸǾͱǲˡѰ
εȴϻۣĻ²ѰģСʦܣ㿴ˣǰͲׯһʲôϷɣ
ѰЦ
ˣҲٶ˵ʲô

񸣵ء
һƬãɽ磬ɽҰдУԶ
ԭʼĻ뵣һһľԾӨ͸紫˵е񼣰㡣
ݴ񸣵е̻ףֱؼһһġ
ǧųһڣܳɲġ
ʮݵʣ䵱ϣϡ֮
ׯѰ;񸣵غƺ࣬һ·ЦΪָ;ķ羰
ɫȻûٷӦ
ѰȤѯʣһӡ
ʵϣĵȷ𺳡
񸣵ǡ㣬ԭʼԴһ磬ԭʼԶɱȡ
ڴУһͷܿǣеõ
ǿš
Ѱ˵Դ´㲻εУڴˣڴˣ޷ڵ;ͻͽ
֮һȣ̾ĵɽȫͲˡ
ںܾǰҲ̾ڵ򣬲ռʮ֮һġ۶족񸣵ػҪ㣬ڵľ
ҲǴʱѰףΪ½Щ˻ǰڵʱˡ
ɽû񸣵رȣȥʮ֮һ۶ˡ
ֵһǣ۶죬֮һռݡ
ҲĻڵ塣
ǰǷʮݵ񣿡
ۼׯ٩٩̸Ѱʵ
ȻС
ׯ䲻˼
ܷһۣѰʡ
ׯԥһ£ЦŽһóݸѰС뿴
۴ϸͨ͸żһƲİɫ֣ɢ˵ĻϢ
Уʮ֮أ
Ѱһп񸣵ʮ֮һĪĲϣҶЩ֣ǲ֪ǰǷϸң
ԱߵľһùŹ֡
ׯƤƬ̣͹ЦСѼȻϲȥˣⱦϡ٣вٴ
˵úˬȴҪѪˡ
֮ǰѰ͵ŶʮĻ򣬼ֵޱȾˣصĲ֮һóҲΪҫһ£Ѱ紫˿ۡ
˭룬Ѱ·ƣֱ֪ܵӿҪˣ
ׯǱģڵķ紫ˣֱԽԽˡ
ʱѰ¶֮ɫǰд
ׯһϺֻһЩѰɫԶԶ޷Сеıȡ
ȴѰ¶һ˼ɫǰһ֮룬ܷ񡭡
ׯѲ³ʲôƤЩ޲סѰ죡
ѰȴһûУɫȻܷٶһЩ̰ģԺʦʦ㣬ҲԽ亱ıǣҲ֪񸣵ǺεȲ
ׯֻ꣬ųѪ޲ǰС쵰㵱ʮݵǴײˣ
㶼ҪһЩ
ƫƫأʱ˿ܶŭȻŭú޲Ѱš˼Ҳֻš
ɿһСҪ£ɣλ뿪ʱһΪλ׼һݺ񡣡
ѰǶ಻˼
ׯ䲻˵ȥѰĻᱻÿƲסԼ
һֱЦšţδֹѰҲδ˵ʲô
λд͵ѡ֮أ롣
ֱִһ̵ɽǰׯЦÿ·Ѱ;С
ȴѰֹ壬طȷܲףֲؽһ˸޷롣
ׯЦȻϾصء
ѰҲЦˣƿڵǽɽȥĻҲס
Ŀ⿴ׯ䣬˵أǰ


2680 
ׯһ£ЦСѿ˵Ц
ѰЦЦǰҺʦ뿪ʱǧ˸ղŴӦ͸ǵĺ񡣡
ׯЦݶʱЩ̣ʲôʱˣӾЩ
ûׯ䣬Ѱɽȥ
ʼգû˵ʲôѰȥ
ˣׯɫЦȥƺˣɽ·
ɽ
ï񣬷ިһϵ
ڣһˡ
˵ɽ£һˣ̷С˺ūͶûС
ڴǰѰתׯ䣬ЦǰǴȵǸȽ飿
Ѱһ࣬Ҳһׯ䣬ɫȻ
Ǹ
ׯ̲סЦѰ;Ҳˣһ˿ζλɽѹͽĺصأѾܶûóˡ
Ѱô˵ǵǸģҪҺʦڴˣ
ڲ׹
ׯһ׳յģЩ紫ˣѱڰʮͷϣεգȴҡڵټ޴
˶٣ȻҲصģׯҺôҲģᶯɱǣֻҪǹԹˡ
ѰԸǣֲǸΪȴҪô
ׯ֪
Ѱͷ
ҲǣܾǰׯҾƾׯʿĹϵʮͷ֮һġϡˡ
˵⣬ׯü両һĨȻؿѰСӣżУɱϵĹףҿһֱûǡ
ѰˣԣׯҴңҴ
ׯɫȻԭҲûҪô˭أҪ־͹ãдһ٣
ʦ㣬ԭϵˡ
ѰĿ⿴
ûƳһۣⲻ뿴ģ
ѰʱЦˡ
ۼ̸Цûһ˿Ϊľׯ侯£׾Ʒ򡮽ꡯʶôͼɱҲ
͸в
ѰЦׯ䣬ĿҲӿ֮ɫϼһԭǴһׯҼƽϵģڿׯҺֹ壬Ƕ𱨣Ұİ
ׯɫһƲԳԷƣ
䣡
ָӿֳһҶ壬巢⣬жʱ˿꣬翿顣
˿˿ƵˮȴɢֲĽѻϢһ֣ŴƬء
꣡
һޱȵ׾Ʒ
ʱׯɫҲӡ
ǣѰ;ԵúƽĿҲͬԼᡣ
̫ˡ
ׯĪӿһ˿ĸо

⡣
峤ׯϰһڴ֡
ׯϰ뷢īһϮۣ۾Ͼϡ
һλپִȨоǧ¡
ȶԣƵһ峤Ϊڵ಻УִȨ峤
˵Ӧøлֳׯʿׯʿ걻ѡУǰԪͥУ峤֮λעׯʿġ
ׯʿԪԪеһλִ£ۼλȨƣҪԶλ峤֮ϡ
ΪׯʿԵʣõׯҲõô
͵ڰһׯʿһִٳɣѳΪһμѻ
ׯϰߣλŮׯϰصţÿһŲεĵС
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˳ע⵽£˾˵
ǺǣȻıҲ
Ц⡣
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Ȼ
Ѱɱ峤ףǺȻԹۡ
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ǵĵ̣ǺصأԴׯ񾳵Ĳִ֮ɿʰ
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ò˳Ծ
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˵ţһʱ֣˸µĽӰֱŲƳ˹ȥ
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ɽ
ϵĽɷ棬ɽʯľ촷ۡ
񾳵еׯ䣬˵ϣƣͷɢһͷ
Ѫݶࡣ
Ѱߣӣ˫ֿţһƸһƵȥǶҲܼĵƵ
žžž
ɽ価ǻصݵĴ졣
վһ࣬ɫĳƮҷµһƬ档
ׯѳıĴɿ
СʦܣϼһϵĲʮϵ񣬻ˣһЩʣҵ׻㲻϶ȫҵ
ѰԵô˵ĻСӵĺñӦþţҪƶǣ
ϣĿȫǵׯ䷢ŭĴУĸеĪĳ衣
񾳴ڣڵҲǺ绽Ľɫȴ˰ڵһٱ
ܹ
һ뵽ղܵһĻׯ˷ŭͱԴЩ£û׹
֮ǰնý򣬴һٽѹѰ۵档
˭룬ȴ˱ӵѰϣ߽߶һ𽣶͵ס˽ɱ
ô˻ᣬһ֣һͽѹ
һֱ޵׵ĵزׯⱲӼֲĽ֮һ
ɲǣͷֳʤ
̫£
£ֹΪѹϵıﶼߣ˸ǱѰڵϱ򡭡
ǰδеĳаׯ࣬


2681 
ׯϰص˵ִʱͿҲ̶õһĻ
һӣǶס
Ϻεִƽᱻ
ס֡
ׯϰŭϵĹ࣬ɱڡ
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Ҫʲô
ƣϢٵׯŭ
Ȼǿƶȡˡ
Ѱ˵ţһͱׯĶӡ
ۣ
Ѫʶׯ嶼Ϊʹͷֱð亹Ϊ͵סش
ѪȵһĻׯϰصĿѣҪ֡
֣Ǿɱϼһ俪ڡ
һ仰ׯϰصͶ־ŭׯҵĵ̣ڣȴвˣ
춯֣ɱǣɱǣ
ׯ񣬱ģ˶бĸо
ž
Ѱ־һȥ£϶
ǻĶ⣬ׯϣҲƴׯϰǵϣõŭĿֱҪɱ˰㡣
Ǿʲôƣǽ¸߲
ׯϰһŬԼ侲
Цóһﲻʺʮʮϵߡ
ׯϰǲ㲻Ŷ䡣
һﲻʣ
ʮʮݵ񣡣
ֹʨӴ󿪿ڣֱҪǵ⣬ǵѪ
ôһǿߵֲЩ֮
Ȼ
꣡
ѪˮɽУѰׯͳһ״ıȭͷСŲ㣬ܳ÷δĥɣϱӡµƣĿ財
ȻһĲɢžޱȵĲϢԾ
һӣ˴ׯֱͷ⣬ɫŤ˻
ҵ׵ֹ
ׯϰص˶ŭȴҶ󣬿ׯҪ
ЦǲӦϼһ¾͡
ׯϰӦķŹϣ
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ǷׯһĶ𱨡
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ׯϰ۾죬мһ
ʱЦˣСʦܣ㣬Ī˵λϡĸˣĻׯҷǸʯٲɡ
Ѱ𣬵ʦ㣬ôˣ
ʼƾͣ޷񸣵ռݣռҲס̫ãˣͱһΡ
Ѱ̾ҲֻˣԺʱˣջ񸣵ؾǣʱ½񸣵һҲЩ塢޳ܱɵĶҪǿ
˽̸ÿһ仰㣬̼ЩׯҴɫϱ任ĵɱƲס
ׯϰ޷ȥˣֱӴϣλҪĲʺҪʱгﱸŵùң͸һʱ䣬ұ֤Ǵչ
ãǻׯң
ѰЦ
˵ɣϵıͳͳ
У
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ǷɽҲ̫۸ˣ
ЩׯҴﶼŭѵǻӲζ
У
䵭ˣǾͱǲˡ
ˣׯϰ죬ϱó
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˲˶Ƿô죿
ׯϰضݺݵô¸ۣҲ߳񸣵ذ벽
Լı˳
ˣ¶İ㣬һһϱó
ȴ̽һĶһɫͭЦ˾񾵡ʶؼ㱦Ҳ˵˽бûнڴ˾֮£ͻ¶ҪҪԣ
ʱׯϰڵׯҴɫ΢䣬в뵽ھϻȱ
ݣ
ׯϰһ֣³һ֣
ԼҲ͵һЩɴʱҲֻܽ
ٲԸ˿Ҳһһ˽صıｻ
ѰЦݲõؽЩһһЩׯҴ÷ζը
ЩɶǵѪڣ޷üֵȫɨһգ
ڣý˰ɣ
ׯϰ
ʲô뿪񸣵غԻֳŵ
˵ţһ˴ׯ䣬ڣ·Ȱñˣʲô
ׯϰغԥתߡ
ȥǱ˲ɡ
ׯ棬žѰһʱսļơ
ȴƲ㣬Ѱһ𣬲Ƶظׯϰء
ʦ㣬Ķ񾵽ãҿһ·Ƿܲ̽һЩñˡѰ
񸣵ҩģѰԣҲţѹһ±
ԣׯϰصˣСֱɥĲ
ȴЦҡͷСʦܣƭģʲô񾵣ǲױõľӰˣû룬ЩһﻹϵˣǺǣǲǺ˼
ۣ
ѰûסֱЦʦҲ̫ƭˣԼ֮ǰûпһ˿ߣ
Ȼϻ˵úãԽƯŮˣƭԽ˷ʤ
ٿׯϰǣһɫףͷ͹ԣһ˲Ӭıӡ
Ƿɽ˾ҲСϷֱǳͷβƭӣˣ
һ˷Ȼ
ǽȴʵֵܹң
ߣοҾƭˣǻô꣬ȴϵˣδҲ̫˰ɣ
ѰЦöۣһη֣ʦԣֱ˲ֻҪԸ⣬ܰת
һ·ϣδʲôۺ⡣
ȻׯĵλҪҪׯϰǸһ·ˣʲô
ֱ߳񸣵ء
ׯϰǶŵˡ
ЩׯҴﶼս׼۾žѰ
˿ܣֿ˿񸣵أʦܣҲ²ⲻѰˣǽ֮ǿ϶һʱǶ֡
Ѱǿô죿
ׯϰŭǴ
ɫҲƣɱڡ
忪ʼǾͱһֻţһӵĺ޺ŭҪƲסˡ
ȴЦղ˸ǣǷɽ£ֻԶسŵֶ𱨡ŵĶֻ
˵ʱٿ̧֣һĺɫС
䣡
ƮʱɫȻһƬ꣬ϯɢ
ׯϰص˵һʱܣܵͬʱѺԥѾõɱֶʩչ
ɽɲǼ䣬ѰӰƾʧ
˲ƣҲǷɶݣǱؼĿռֱӴߣʧ޺ۼ
ĿһĻׯϰصɵˣһĻ˸ֲ
Ƥʧˣûκκۼ£


2682 ޼
ɲǼ䣬ʧˣűЮֵĴׯҲˣ
̼ׯϰǿ췢
ⷽ紫ˣֱ̫ˣ
˺޵ƿڴ
ǰƯȴԭǸƭӣ
˷ŭճ鴤
ҵЩûˣ
ҲĶڵѪʹϧЩʧȥı
ʲô׷ȥɱϾȻׯϰط
ܻ۾졣
һΣԭļƻǽѰ;£˭룬Ǵѱܣֱƭһµʧټ
һϵеĴׯϰضѪ
ǰδеĳСŭɽХͷ£ǰһ󷢺ڡ
ȥׯҷǳΪЦɣ
һĮɳƵĲ𣺡紫öԸѾһˡ
ׯϰػȻתͿһ꺢ͯüĿӰ񸣵߳
棬ôҲˣ
ׯϰػһæ
⿴红ͯӰʵׯһһλϹŶׯ󣬱ּϡ
ׯһֱڱչأΪͻơѡ֮
˴Ķ˭ׯģ红ͯȴɳƶϣ͸ŵĮζ
ԭ涼Ѿ֪ˡׯϰշӿǿҵܸ߳С
ׯһۣµΪֹȥ׷ˡ
ɴׯϰص

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ׯϰɫã棬ׯҳôѵôˣ
ԭͷ紫˻ϵҲô񵹺ãŭ˷紫ˡ
ׯ峺û㡣
ׯϰؿɬҲ͸һϲ˭룬Ͼ˽ƻͺ
ѾٺںͷŭҲá
ׯڸÿǵģǸƺ󡣡
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ׯϰͫ΢Уֵָ㡣
ׯߣΪһ֮飬Ͻ㣿ֳׯʿȣ㡭ȷǲһЩ򡣡
˵գתȥ
ׯϰԭأɫһ粻
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ûãׯϰؾ峤֮շĺ;ѰйصһϢ
ôǱׯҵΪµЦ
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ׯϰѰӵõɳҲǰԪͥ
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ׯϰǲ紫Ϣ
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ׯٵϢׯʿż㡢Ϣ
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ЩѰ֮쳹磬֪ٲΪУйڵϢһЩӲܣ
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ׯҳ˴ֻҪѰԪͥѡ¼ϢؽɱѰͷͷϡ
ѰǻΪģɱɹԪͥӭģׯʿı
ׯʿԪִݣյȨѰԿģ
ϰûʿ۲ŴԣεķӦǲûʧ
ׯ󰵰ͷ

³ǡ
һպķ޳ǡ
ի
³һѰѰӣλƫ
ʵϣƫƧɲ壬ֲŴССʮҵ̣ҩСо¥в廨š
իһʱһֱЪҵ״̬Žա
իڣһ̦Ĺž
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ֱ߳žԼϵͥԺѰһʦ㣬
³ǣԴӵʹʦǵִ򣬾ݷ˴˵ء
ڵ
Ѱһͷˮ˵ؾ񸣵ضԶ
Ҳð֮ңԶɣ
Ц㰡ͱׯЩ׷ˣ֪ҸղʩչʲôС޼䡯׾ƷռֻҪãκεطԿɲǼ䱻ŲƵ˵ء
Ѱݣ֮ǰ񸣵֮ǰΪܹǰ׾ٵˡ
ԭǺɫһ˲õı
顮޼䡯պãҲˡ
ֽһɫݸѰʦִǵִʱżȻ併һɡ򡯣ʦ֣Ƴʮ顮޼ָ˴ҡ
˵ţһָߵĹžıԴͱӡһڹž֮¡
ѰŻȻ
޼СЦʦ㣬֪ȱ֮ǰ񸣵ʱ͸ôһ
˸ۣĪСׯңƵĻƾֶΣɲþ
˵ţѰ߽ͥԺ
ͥԺռزʵڲǬ۵ؾռƵģΪ
߽ѰǰһͳһƬס͵ؼ䣬ɽˮľҷཨɢڲͬ
վ˵Щ紫ˣݷڴ˵ء
Сʦܣʦʦ񶼲ڣԪͥ¼֮ǰҾһݾڴΣ
˵ţѰգգģҲ˵ڽһʱǹйŮľͬһӴ
Ϸζʮ㣡
ѰѾӦλʦ˵񣬺ܻǵֱתƻ⣺ʦ㣬δׯ䣿
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赭дƽʹ޵ľ֮ׯҺֹ壬Ѿˣˣ϶
һ̵Ѱ鲻Խɲǵɿգȷʵ
𣬾Ѱիжӡ
ҲǺѰ֪νիȡصƿ֮⣬ŷ紫˽еһľ
һ죬ҪƷڰʮͷ
Ѱ;ִﺮ³ի
һϢ䶯򡪡
Ѱڵ򣬽뵽ԪͥĹѡ¼У
һʯǧˣȻԾ֮
ѰûѣδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
˭Ҳû뵽ЩֵĿ֪ٲӵѰܹŴӵһִ
ǵϡ
δ̫󣬾ԪͥͲһ¶ټ֣֮
Ҳ࣬š
Ѱ
˭֪϶ǲˡ
ֻҪҳԪͥĹѡ¼УػΪʸ֮ģ
ڵĴǽв
֮Ѱĳ֣ȷһ첨˵Ŀע⣡
κһˣǲ¶ô󶯾
Ѱһ
ڴǧսؾ֮⣬ʹ򣬶Щ꣬ӵһʼһ·ȷѪ꣬˲֪ٺ䶯
˲עⶼѡ
ׯҶԣҲҪġ
һѰķѾЩֻ֮ʲôʱ£
ׯϰڴš
ׯҶڴš


2683 Ȼ֮
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Ĵ֮һ
ޱšʮ족ֱ֮ᶴ硢ⶴͿ硣
ϣ̾ᶴ졣
ᶴһ֮ϣ޽һۼĸ¥
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Ȼڰǰѩź۳°ٰͣں㷢ʼ䣬һŰĹ͵·һʥ
ؾĵɫȹѣϥ߹ճһ͹µľȡ
Ĵǳ͸ִ峺ǰ㰲ǣһؼһУĺ͵׺
⿴һĻڲԶжĻڣҲ΢΢һƲס
Уֻһ̾ޱⶴڣλ
ϺͶãҶ֮¡
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Ϊҽã׾ʶ֪Ƶ÷
ֱĻʮ۵֮һҲǰһ壬ڶȻߡ
ֲĻῴĻڶԶȻꣿ
ʶڿһ
ֻǣĻڵİĽȻȴЩ޶ԣ丸ףҲǶϵ峤Ҳͷ۲ѡ
ЩҲ̽˵ҪΪȻһ£⵽Ȼķԡ
ΪӱףǰЩʱ򣬶Ȼһ˽壬ǰ˴ǧսɢġ
գ䱻Ļڸɶȴٲһ֮£ΨıŮ˽ˡ
¶ΨһԸܹѶȻͽԪͥС
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ۼȻãĻڲʵᡣ
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ĻЦΪ·ģɲأƾҵĹϵȵؽԪͥС
˶٣˵ʱǼܻԪ̵С
Ȼһ֡
ΪԪ̵ڶķǴһ߳һλ棬飬ձ֣Ļһ档
ĻҲ֪ʲôȵңƾҵʺ͵ֻ̣ҪԪͥò˼꣬ͿԳΪڶĺĴˣʱİǳΪԪĵӣҲǾ֮ͣ
Ԫִƴҵ֮£
Ȼ棬Ԫλ֮һλߵˡ
ȽϵĻĻڵǵڶĵλҪѷɫһء
ɺȻȻЩȤĲɡ
ԶȻԣеĿĺܼ򵥣޷ǰ˸֣
ңڣ延һ
Բ⡣
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һҫ۵ľǵʮ۵֮һҲ峤ն峤
ֻ֤࣬ͻὫϵȨȸĻƿء
ȻĻڻһҰǾһѶԵڰ򶫻ϵٲܶϵǯƣ
дҰȻõͺ֧֡
ĸ׶ҲĻڵΪηǰ;ڡ
ֻǶ鵭ֻ延һĶȻԣȴһ㶼Ͳ
ĻҲ˽Ȼ飬Ȼ֪㲻Щģ㲻ϲһһȥ֤ⱲӲᱻЩ鷳ŵ
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Ŀ⿴ԶˮȻ
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˴˵뷨ʹ𰸣һ
С㣬Ϣˣ
أһĻϲ𣬽ţεŮʹҴ߽лһ
ĻʱŮ΢΢һ¶С࣬ƹԭҲѽ
ĻںЦ䣬ʲôϢˣ˳ӣ
ǶȻŮ˵Ůʵͬãϵǡ
˸Ҳкʹ¥ĻڿɾͲĺƢˡ
Сˣؾǹأðͼ̤
Щɣһ۶Ȼ
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һЦѽЩ֪жٴ˵ؽٶڵã˼ҶˣҪμԪͥѡ¼
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һĻĻ۵׵Ļڣ΢΢ЩƱ˰㡣
ǶȻͶ۵ģһʱЩζ
Щ΢СĻڲصļãʱЦʵ˵˭
Ѱ
ȻתĻڣ΢΢¶ЦȻڴǧսھŲʱҲġ

Ļһ
䲢ǰǧս򣬽ӶȻؼңһϯʱѰһ档
ʱУѰֻһ۵ľ۴۶ѡ
Ļȴû뵽һ۵ĽɫֹŴӵھŲ뿪ڡؾ֮սлЩ꣬һ·ӵһ˵ڴ˵
һУȫĻϡ
Ϊ뿪ھŲϣ׿ڶ׽뿴Ѱ硣
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ڣЩÿйѰĴţĻľӿһ˵֮ŭ
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ֻǣĻҲû뵽ʱ˿̣ȻͶĵˣѰ
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ȻȻûע⵽ЩҲڵھʱĻ׽֣֮ɱѰ
ЦݸĻڣ㿴Ѱˡ
ĻڰѹеĲ䣬Цŵͷһʱü棬ѰǰԪͥʱؽɱ٣ס
һѪ
ֻǣԲǶȻҪģûΪ̸ѰʱҲЩһͲأ
οЩ֪жΪҲ֪ˣţһúܺá
˵գȻûתһ˾Ƕ뿪ɡ
һɵصͷ뿪
̶Ȼ꣬һۿȻЩˡ
ĻɫһĨܴ㵣һ仰ѣֻǷһѰĴ˱ã
Ѱ


2684 
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ٻӰĻӿ˵ŭĲ
û֪ӶȻΪ񣬶ȻȴΪһ˶
һʯĻڣ类˵ߡ
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ôˣһ÷һУһ𹲶ȹ⾰˴кε
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գĻɬҡͷȻһ
˵գֱȥ
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СҲֻǰˡ
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Ŀ⿴ڴǧսʱѰʶĵεΣЦ
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׽ûɱѰ
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ʮ֮һġ趴족λС
趴ǲ֮̾ء
طбһϣһƺ«ƣС
һܲһ࣬һЦ
Ϊ񾳴ԲεĴڣһλһӵˡ
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죬ܲ²˵СѣҪȸǰԪͥʾ
طҡͷУȥˣһһ˹ȫˣǰкãҲ´Σ
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ط̾ɫĻҺǿգգƴۣźò׵ִ趴죬ֻһССѣǰϴӦҲ̫˰ɣ
ܲ²뷭ۣʲôգƴۣҵĿС쵰ʲôۣ
οڵִԼǲһȥһ·ϺóԺúȵعţԹһͷˣ
ֻǣܲҲֻ̡ܸ
û취طС쵰һЩȴһԪͥԪոθĸ桪
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طĸ裬һصĺֵܡ
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صУص
ܲصǰҲ֣£ĸҵطС쵰
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ǰɣȴһǰԪͥλһеǡ
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ʵҲһģǿ϶ᵡˣ͵û˵
ܲһطɫԣʱЦҡͷ
ǰĲȡ֣ҲŸϣȥԪͥҲȥˡ
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ܲºγۣ
ˣĬã̾ˣҴӦǣҿɲ֤Ԫͥλ¹¡
طüЦлǰ˾㹻ˣȵԪͥԻȥ档
̲ܲסСѣĶλ¹һ˼ûУ
طһǰ˵һ飬һֱµÿǰˣԺҲˡ
ܲûþ뿪ˡ
ط˳ǰȥҽˡ
ҪϢ߶Է
ѰѰǿɰ´ˣԺһýȻãûнɰϹ˸һİ
طֹ
˵ѰڵϢҲ˵ѰǰԪͥ
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綫塣
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ɵ̫嫺͹ҪҵһˣֱʹҲûʲô
ڣϢ䴫½֪ȴû֪Ѱ񾿾
˶ҿ϶ֻҪѰҳԪͥһѡ¼˵ʢϣעΪʸ֮ģ
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ֻǣģİԵʣԵú塣
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ԭͲõ⣬ˡ
ɺȻ˲⡣
ÿ׼ʱţ׼ʱţûпҡУԵú
øĽַﶼЩġ
һˣȴֺУҵģҲǿˡ
н磬ľ;ڡ
̫ˣǲӵܣעʲôϢ
ǣסӸģǺ³ǵײ޵ߣʲôΪ˶УΨܼ۾
нײ״
ǵؼŨ֮Уܹ֤ɵ۵ģվֻǼˣһ
۾֮·죬ԽߴԽա
ڴ·ϣܷ̤һˮ롣
ҲζţžԽߣִܷ˾˾Խ١
Ȼȱ۴ۣҲȱ۾Ͼ̫嫺͹
⺮³ǣץĵ۾
ԶԣЩ۾֮µ޵Ҫöࡣ
իڵӣλں³ƫƧ֮أܾڸģǵ۾֮µ޵ߡ
Ƭ򸽽̣ŵĿҲǵ۾֮¡
ԣǸ֪իУҵֺеˣʵһȥľ۵档
ѰҲûн͡
Ѿܶûֻйˡ
ڴǧս򣬻Ǵӵһֱ;УӴģǺͬǲεĽɫ
ڣЩٻȥעڵ۾֮ǵ
իУǴϢشǰ߹Žз׷ŵ飬Щ޵Ϊæµ
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Ƴ̫ãعɺ쳾·ϵ̬
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2685 һ
졣
΢Ѱһիţľĥɵҡηڴǰϡ
չ΢У˶ʱ˯㣬Ϣ֮䡣
£忡Ϸһ͵Ĺ⡣
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лᣬĸŮһҲá
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ŵŵĸ׿һ̣רһЩɽ̸ҲѰɼȻ̸Ϻá
ĸֻһپߣæµƣ׬Դǿάϵŵŵ裬̸׾ݣҲɹƶС
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֪ŵŵĸ׺֮ǰһսжŵŵĸһִдСѾͷ񶼶丸ûκεӡ
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յʱһصĽνڳ롣
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һʱ䣬к䶯ĿⶼˢˢѰ;ϡ
ߵ˭
ɲǵɿգ˷紫˾˭
ͬһʱ䣬ҲЩʶƣСɧ
һӳΪȫĿĽ㣬Ѱ;ȴԵúܵһбǵԤС
ʵϴ뿪³ǣֱʱִУ߸ûκݣģںͱá

ûҪ
ܹҪԪ̴ѡ¼ģҲעع⣬ˣֺһٵΣ
Сʦܣ㿴϶ж񷣬ԲΪǶϵ棬ʦһȭԴ
Ƴ˶һۣ쳹ȫ֪ܵ˵˵ЦЦ
ѰЦЦ֮
üͷɫ
޲ԾѡŵǵڰͷϣڴʱǰĿ˾η֮һ
ڣֹ񷱻ЦˣĶ϶̣
֮Ƿ紫Ҳ»ҰЩһֱͷβټɿܻڣ
أһ䵭͸˵Īϡ
ȸԱߣһ׷٣ģĺŮӿˡ


2689 ս
͡ϣ
ͷϵһλ񾳲ڣ
һϮ£׷ѩŮӣʵһв֪ϹŶ
ʱڣҲڳĿע⡣
üڣѰͽԨóһöڣʱһƺߴӽڴ
Ѱɱңѹֱֶң
һ͸źıŮԨ쳹ȫ
ɲǼ䣬͡Ϻߵ˽ɫ䡣
ϣ˾
ؾΪҵһֱɱѰƿڡ
궯޲Ŀû뵽Ѱ̬ǿᡣ
Ю峤֮Ů
ʱ͡ϵɫѿ֮ɱӿ֣ϣ֤Ԫͥ¼˵ʢϣϷһ
һһ٣ĵ棬˶ֻдʹ֮Уɫ΢䡣
Ŀ
ȴѰһףѹԨУʦ㣬ˣˣСͺá
ЦеСʦҡ
ǡ
͡ϵɫ࣬ǰѵһʱˡ
λѣΪգǣû˸ɱ֮£ɽٲⱣҲɱλ
ԶߣһϵĲﵭĮڡ
һģ񾳲ڣ˫ָ̤ƣо纣֮ɫ
壡
һ֤µϹ
ĮҪȻҲܼ򵥣Ԫͥ¼˵ʱѰذɣ;ػ뿪֮һ֣ѹǡ
ȫֱԤѰذܵĽ֣ƽ̬ɸǿӲ˵
͡ϵҲá
ͻȻЩءȴ̧֣һƳϣǰնʱ
ǴĶ⣬Ҳڳ쳹
һĻ嶼ü

͡ϱŭ޵ҧ顣
ȴЦ˵䲻Ļֽɫһһ֣֮ڣұȡϧѽﲻ֣ܳҲֻܰСˡ
ž
䣬һƴϡ
Ŀ֮£ͼ̤Ҫƴ˻ȴһ˿Ǳˡ
Ƿɽ£޳ܣҲ³Ц
һǿǱߣһӰ࣬뷢ꪵӳڣ羪װ쳹ǶĤ죬ǰֱðǡ
Լף
һϹ
һڰĲͷȴвҺʦˣǡ޳ܣ
Ȼϻٶ˵жᷢʲôǾ¼˵Ŀм£ʱҵҪǷܵסʦһ֮ɱ
һֱڳеӷɽս
˫
ڳ֮УԵߡڰĶԼ¸ص޵ߡ
һ̣Ҳһ
ǵģǰʱǾֻ֪ҪѰҳԪͥĴѡУעɱ١
ݵһĻĻҲ֤һ㡣
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ֱڴ˿ս
кεȴĵǺ͵Ÿ˵һ
ãҪһʤ븺
Զ䡣
ôȥˣɽǸĲǲһɣǾͽ˻ᣬ˶ɥģ
͡ᣬɱ
塢ԼףҲɫѰ;罫֮ˡ
һĻóһ
ڰĴͷѱ¶εɱˣ綫塢ׯϵȳӷɽҲԹۡ
£ѰϣԪͥ
ȴûƵģѰļ򣬵Сʦܣȥ
Ѱֱǿտյĵͷȥ
ǾεӰҲǳΪȫĿĽ㡣
ÿɫԲһϧֻкεɱ⡭
ԴˣѰɫϲȻ
ֱ
ͼտĴڣֻĵӰ㡣
Ϊ׵֮һϮ£Ӱһͷҷ̳ɵ٣ģ񳣬һ²ɣϢϢ񵭳Ȼ
Ѱ߽˿ڣ糿ĺģϷԪ󸱸ƽմ˵Ŀˣ֡
ѰǰѰȭ
˽ƽ鵭Ԫ
ƽͷԪ̴˿ˣʳ˭ҪѭԪ̵Ĺأף
ѰȻס
ƽָߵˣ˵λǶ峤ϡԪϡ糤ϡο˹أ˽Ըһˡ
λǰѰ֡
˵ʱѿģ
Ԫò꣬һͷһѩ׵⣬ǺЦףһ㡣
Ѱ΢΢ףЦ˵
ִ󣬼ͭɫ뷢ʲݣ޷εѪɱ֮
ѰסĻԪ̣˭ѭأ
һۣݣˡ
ʱѰһƤЦⲻЦѰֵԨҿɲֹһ֣ˡ
δ¶һ˿ĵ⣬ƽƽ
ѰɫƽͬûʲôӦ
ڴھȥƶһִƴȨĲδڡ
Ѱһ˿־ӡУƣ⽫ѡ¼˵ƾ֤
ƽóһƣݸѰ
ѰŰˡ
ɡ
ԪЦ
ǰʱѰ˽ѡ¼˵Ŀˣ
һˣһСսؾ硣
ʱ뿼˵о۵棬һս档
ֻҪ֣Ϳͨˡ
һ˵Ԫ
ѰԪһһߴҲǡ⡱֮ء
һ̨ƯƲУվڴ˵أһ۾ܿǳ̳֮£ɷ׳ۡ
̨һ࣬һŻ
ڿ˿ʼнֳ˴ο˵ǿߵϡ
ԪһɫݸѰָŻӴ˵ؽ룬ִܵս󣬵һ˾ͻῪʼʱһ£ڴʱڣûдﵽҪͬᱻ̭֡
Ѱͷлǰָ㡣
ԪЦŻ֣ȥɣϤһս״
Ѱ̨һͨȥһռϯӰʱʧ
ѰѰ֪ΪĵԪͥڲ˲ٷˣѡ¼˵б̭ǾûʲôϷɿˡ
Ԫૡ
Ȼʤ㣬ҵϣ漣
Цҡҡͷתȥ


2690  

ԪأЦʵּѰ֮󣬾ôΣ
Ԫһ־Σ
ˬЦұϾǶˣԷ紫ȻûʲôۣʱҲʺ˵ʲô
ԪЦˣֵ̹䣬֮ѰǸ˼ˡ
˻ü
ԪڵЩӺ಻𣬿ɳϵǣڻúܺãⲻͺ˼ô
ĬƬ̣ô˵Ϊӿͨεѡ¼ˣ
Ԫҡͷҿûô˵һεѡ¼֮£λֻ֪Ҫ˿ʼѰػΪʸ֮ģ£ҿɲʲô
ЦⱾ֮У˽֪ɽ¹У֪޲ýѰȴö֮س֣ԪͥǰԪͥ˱֮ء
˶٣зһ˿⣺ţΪֻҪΪԪ̴ˣܸǣû˸Ҷ˰ɣ
Ԫüͷ΢塣
һֱĬȻڣ룺ĳΪԪ̴ˣѵ˸Ҷ
ִ󣬼巺ͭɫ뷢ʲݣ㣬ѣһھ͸ǿҵѹȸС
ЦȥȻǵÿǷлȳΪԪ̴ˡ
ĿֱӶ壬ûشҵ⡣
ʰ㣬Ҳѹ֡
Ŀõؿ磬ΪǺ壬ΪѰûлͨѡ¼
ն
綢ŶƬ̣ΥһЩ˵Ĺұزġ
ɫһ磬ʲô˼
ˣΪִ
һֱ˰ķƽ˿üڣѡ¼ҵҪܼ򵥣£ҲҸ˵̬ȡ
Ĭ
ͷģҶϲ̴ص鷢
Ԫ˿磬ֿ˿壬ְ⣬Ц
ûпʼˣλԣѰĵȻ벻ķˡ
ֻǣʲô̬ȣ
Ԫĥ͸ȴо˼ˡ
ܲӿ

ս
£ɽãã
ѰӰһϿС
֣һεĹҲ֮ѹȶ£ΪӰߡ
ûпʼ֮ǰΪһֱܵ
ѰĿɨܣƬ̺󣬾ֱϥ
ԺУҲǻйһ˵ĸϢ
֮Уֹ
ֹó澳Ľر
ƾ֤Ǳߣɱɱһ
ʱһ¡
ڻߣɽڶˡ
Щ˹УΨһѰüǣɱ֮󣬶ԷᱻƱһ
ȻЩִѰ˲ԡ
ˣģ
оԽߣľһ⣬ĽѾԽա
ʦվΪľ⣬Ƿ񲣬جج֮
ԪոԼţ˵ҲΪľ⣬ʱԼֻʣһԪ񡭡
Ѱҿ϶ֻҪֵľ飬ǱȫһҲֻǸָܻͱȫΪҲ̤ϲ;
ֻǣҪһɼס
Ͼ̤澳Ľɫľ޲ĥ¶֮ǿ֮ԶѰɱȡ
ˣκĥ衢ƵĹֶζעãҪľ͵ŵϣĴһӻԼӰ֮£ˣľ顭
ѰѴע⡣
𣬿ʼƬɽߴ
ȻΪӰȥ֪͸ӦһС
ʱҴҹȥ
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ˣ
һĲӿֳһ续ɽãã׳
Ȼս
һʱѵȺڸ޵ߣһ̸ֹͣĿⶼ뿴⸡ֶġսС
һҪʼˣ
ڴѾõǣ˿̶΢΢
ʱ꣬ԪͥٶȹմˣȻ˸Ŀ
ʢϣڰĴͷĺʢǰ
ڣһ˾ͽĻжӵп֮˵ľ۵棬ܹ˳أ
žׯķΧУԪ󸱸ƽ춫塢Ԫλϣ֮ǰ
һӣҲȫĿ
ƽڱȻڣ˴βԪ̴ѡεľ۵棬һˣ˿ʼڳλԿɹۿڡսеս档
Ҳ˵λҲǴ˴ο˵ļ֤ߡ
̬Ⱥܼ򵥣˭ʲôʲôڿ֮֮٣Υ濼˹֮£Խһʱ𡣡
һ糿ĺģ쳹ȫȻ
£
Ƿƽ̬ȣҲԪ̬ȣԪ̬ͥȣ
£ƽԪ˵ͷ
Ԫǰеһס
ڸ߿У续չġս磬Ҳһ̷Ĳ
ţսо͸ֳһλ뿼˵ľ۵ӰһſҵӰ㣬ɢĲͬط
һӣк䶯
쿴Ƕһǿľ۵涫ģųƵڰӵпɲĽ츳ͨ˵һɱ
˾ʫ̤澳սܣڸȺףǵڰо֮һλ
λᣬֻ֮ᣡ޵аһλֲڣ

쳹Ҳ顣
β뿼˵һλ۵棬ÿһԿͬеڣиƺɧ
ǰǾǸĴڣ죬һ
񣬽ԻڡսУһβĳȣڴ֣
·֮ϣ澳޵Уһھ۵ۣ۵ʢǧѵһ
ϹŶ꣬пѡ
ѰӰͬĿע⣬Զߡ
Ϊ˭˿ʼѰעΪһӣЩж߽лɱ
˿ʼ
Ԫȣ쳹ȫ
ͬһʱ䡣
ֲսͬǿߣԲΪһ˲ָ
ζţѾʼ
ɽС
ѰӾٿӡ
ɨܣ°ɫ죬һޱȵɱӿֶ
ûΣҲûκϢڱ߳ɽȡ

Щ꣬ж׷ɱڮ٣ߵԲòټɱ⣬͵¡
֮ǰǰʦҲЩжƺͼ
Ӵ˿̿ʼԪͥĵϣսУǰǰ躹ޣ


2691 һ
£ѰǰУɫϲӰҲȫ¶
һĻܿЩսע⡣
˾
ʲô֪һ¶ټػһɱ٣
˿ʼˣʱսУһھ۵жֻǺѰһ
еϢѰپѵĲ֮أȴ
еڲý
еطϵͬ顱ж
񶫻ġʫĿľ۵ǣԸڶط顣
ǵݣȫټһ۵ΪЧ
ⲢΥء
ʵϣһ˿ʼ֮ǰЩѡ¼ĿǣѾ˽齨һһСӪ
ΨѰڿ˿ʼ֮󣬾ͺΣֱжؼ䣬һεĳ֮չж
Եúࡣ
ӵ˵ǰ㵨죡
ԱߣЦеġӡ˭ҽ֪
ʹ񡣡
͡ޱ
֮ǰഫţ˵Сս죬˲ãЩδ̫ˡ
Լƿڣ£һ£ڱر̭֡
죿һ죬Ӿͽ֡
嵭ȻǿսڴӵÿһϣԷֲж֣Ľ֮ңԶҲ֮أֲϢò˶ãطͻ
˶٣ֻҪͻʤػע⣬ʱ̵ְ˭סûˣ
˶ͷ
ҲͬĿ
ܽҿѰӴʱľٶһ֣
һ֣쳹ȫ
кμڽӡ
û˵ʲôʵʤ۱磬ϻٶҲû塣
Ѱʤ֮ʱǶЩõĻ
ȴȴŹ쳹ȫΪβλСʦܷһĪҲû뵽Сʦܻ˴
ϸҶƵüȻҪǴģҼСʦ̭ҵ˵Լһ⣬˵һۣҼСʦͨˣҲԼһ⣬˵һ飿
ȫ㵡
ͱȽϺˣ
ǷƽԪˣ¶ɫ
Լһߣɣȿѡ¼֮£ǶϷ㱾ӮˣҲʡ
Ҷľͱ졣
⣬仰Ҳ˵ڳκˣ˭Ҷģҷ㣬Ҷģͱƨ
ɫһ
͡ϡ塢Լ׵ˣɫ˲١
˻ɾǶƣ
ⷽ紫ˣ湻ⱵġҡͷЦ
ȴƽɫ񵭣ԪЦĬɡ
û˴öĲЩΣͻָ糣аѰӱ̭󣬵Ҫǻθ롣
ˣ
һ󾪽С
ĿʱսѰڵλá
һƬƽԭľïʢѰӰ֣ǰٿһһͭꪣӰݳۺڷӡ

һʱ䣬Ǿʶӵݡ
֮һеһλ۵棬⺷ɱ֤Ϊʮ۵֮һ
Ⱦǰ֮У
һ죬ǿ֮Ĵڣøʢ
궯˶Ϣ
˿ʼŲʱѰͺ͹֮䣬һ֮
һ̣˶Ѱ˰Ѻ
ս
Զĵһ֣ѰԺҲǸйضԷϢ
뿼˵ǿߣһɫоͼоֵϡ
Ѱ
ԶӾâӿ֣һս澳֯غɫһ
䣡
ݣϲľɻңΪ֮ɫ䡣
ĿһĻĹս޲¶֮ɫǵʮ۵֮һͷųƷͬ졣
һô󶯾ϣǰ
Ѱڱ䣬Ȼڡ
罣һͭﵰγɱкܶ࣬ҿɲ⿼˸տʼʱͺӲƴס
ԣǰ̭֮Ѱʡ
ͷ
ܻŵȵ˵Ѱɫϲ
̲סЦˣѰδҲֻ̫һʱѣΪҰ첻
첻
赭дУѰӰٿʧ
ͫ΢С
ϣ
һͭﵽɱ֮͵
һ˲һԿ񱩵ӾŰ˼䣬ƥĻϢɢذɽӽԱ
һ֣¶һλ۵泬ɱֶΣԶһĵɱȡ
ǵòٲﶼͷпһʤˡ
䣡
УѰӰ¶ֻʮ֮ء
ǿɲЮͭУӰ
ȴѰۻӶԨӿֱӽĥһͭﵶþ
ͫһ
ĲδСѰЩйѰսоѰ֮
Ҳȡֲԣֻ뽫ѰסˣһѰ
û뵽Ѱչֳս˿£ȴиǿһء
ùһʱʶٲҳɡ
䣡
ͼȻӿֳһɫͼͼоǻذĩѾ
츳ͨͼ
ǹǿֶΣѪһеļ֡
ŸտսͶǿͨˣ
սһҲ޲ݣĻῴǲ˲ŻᱻƵòòɱﵡ
ɴҲԿѰĹֶκεȿ£
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УܣԱͼϢǣһִĩӿ֣ųѰ
ѰĮ޲ɫκ¶
Ψٿ̽һץ
䣡
һֻ޴Ƴ֣Ծָһ֮ſֲɲģ޵ԨǺӡС
죡
ͼ
ĺɫĩʱ߬סͣС
Ѱֻ޴ƽա
䣡
춯صı쳹ЩɫԴըмƮ
ĵһĻʱһ󾪺޲һ
Ҳ̫ǿˣ

ȣѾõͼ¡¡ĺڿնһƬ׽
˷ʮƱ
ֲƬʧɫ
ȴѰҲֻ̽͵һȥ
飡
ǿ츳ͨͼ͵ؾһ𣬶ܼУȻ顣
鶼ɫ䡣
Լǿɱﵣ㱻һƴˣ
ֱһشݺϣľʧصļ
ʱֻĴٶ¡
ԶԶһĻ٣գ
һ˲ֻСϣƾ֮Уһ
ǿ
䣡
ޱߵľʹȫԼ飬ѪˮɽشңƵʹС
һ˲ֱΪԼͽȥ
УѰһ֮£ֱӱĵϡã˶˵棬ѪģӰơ
涼ݳһ޴Ĺ֣ӡ
бԵһĻЩﶼ΢΢ʧ
һеʮ۵ĸ㱻һѹˣ
ֲ̫
žѻȸ
綫񷡢͡ϵˣҲüѡ
ȻѰ֮ȴ㱻ѹѰչֳս֮ǿҲǵԤ
ԴˣֻЦЦƵᡣ
һսˡ
̳ɢС
ȾѪ֮ĹȴȻ֣ԼûҲδ̭
һ⡣
ҲڴʱѰǵȻ
֮ǰ˵ˣϲסҡϧˣʵҲ̫Ҳɲܱ㡣
ס
ʲô˼
ԼʸѰԼ֣߳
һ޷ĳӰ㣬ݺͱУǰһ󷢺ڣת


2692 һľ
ѰĻ
˭δֽѾ޻֮Ḽ́
Ȼķ֡
֪Ԫͥմ˵ĿˣεҪһֿУΨлֲܹء
κξ۵ԣǶֵܴ̭Ļˡ
Ѱȴûô
ս޵һš
Ѱòǲмôɣ˵Ŀꣿ
̲ס
һơ
޵Իٲ³Ѱġ
ֻǣǸȴǸе𾪣½ۡ
ˣѰ̫ˣӴΪˣӿΪֵܶһᣬֱ
˴𾪵૳
гŵķΧʼ궯֪Ϊࡣ
綫ϡϡϡЩѰ˿ɫ䶼һĨ
ⷽ紫ˣⱣ
ȻĲŹܣǶʶѰǸӲӣҪ̭ǲˡ
Һãֻǵһˣʱ仹кܳ
Ȼ˿̳һЩ״ǵΪ˷ҡ

Ѱṷ̂Ҳδʹ˷Ź
ܿ죬ϵıͱѰѹεһɶԨ
һУѰﳤȥ
һĻĻ۵ףǶһĿɿڴԪͥĿˣ
ʶؿǰԪ
һֿˣԪˣҲһ˿
죬ɿһźЦ˵ţ˹вûй涨ôȿ˽ʱµǿߣǿԱģԪҲ鷢
ˣɸоֵֹġ
ڹЩϼһǣɫ࣬ҪѪ
Ǽ˭ŸտʼˣͱѰֶѹϵıﱻǹⲻ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ЩֻС
ܹѰûκαĿС
Ѱ֮ǰԣ뽫̭֮һ
ѰУһֿˣҲҪһЩĶ֣ο֮ޡ
񶫻ġᡢʫ
ƵĶ֡
ѰоɫмصĸֵϣͬΪ۵棬Ϊ϶ۣ˴֮Ĳ΢΢
ɱ˴յıսŵĲͬԼľ־սĲһñ˴˵սȴȫһˡ
ھ澳УѰĿɿһսĶ֣Ҳֻھŷ崫Ҷһѡ
ο˵һ۵УûмܹҶȵĶˡ
֮ڴ˾ڴ˴οУѰ޾κˣ
ʶŸҺϢ

Ѱ͹֮սŲգ۵ʱ䣬Ķ˲پ澳
ûãӰ½ִŮ
ǿյսʱ΢У¶ɫû뵽˶ʱһսĻ
ղž˭ڴս
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Ǳ˴˶һۣԾ䱸ѡ
ûãǴɢȥսעָ⡣
ǲѡʱӲƴ
˵ʱһ£еǻɱֵĻᡣ
ȻǴ뿪ʱ
֮ǰ뿪ѰȴطЩ۵ҰС
Ѱ
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ҲǱղŵսģ
Щ۵涼¶ɫԭûϵѾתԴ
λˣһ֣Ƚ̭ⷽΣ顣
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ԶѰɫƽⲽйԶ۵ϣҲһһԺС
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ֻѰУȴ΢΢Щʧ
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һ࣡
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𣡡
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ͬһʱ䣬λ۵Ҳʩչǿͨͱ
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սУҲǲһ󾪺һĻ𺳡
һ۵棬ڵ·֮ϸȺۣ޵Уολ۵һ֣
ǵһĻֱͬΪ۵ǿ߾
ȹѰû˱ܣɫһ֮ǰƽʹݣΨԨļµϢ

һ̤ٿ䣬Хıһ𣬸һ֣
ͻȻһĻõעһĻ޵߽۾
⻯
䣡
췭ظ޹⡣
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꣡
ӵķɽһ࣬ڱԨĵһʱ䣬ͱҵѿһա
ӦԨеĵХ֮ʩչһз촷ը
գʹĴУӱƶǣѪգ
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䱻شͬʱͱѰ£Ԩ
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ǰҲգۼѣ
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ٿսطѰķչֳѷɫܣԽѹ̬ѹȵ̧ͷܵĻᶼûУ
ⲻǴǺͷߴСһĵÿһвڱս
һλϹŶУ޷


2693 ķˣ
񷡢͡ϡ塢Լ׵ˣɫҲһɡ
ǺͷһڵڰĻ᲻ҵġǺεȿ£
ʱѰõķҲ֮ͬ
ЩǴ˿̶ѴǣԴ¡
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ѰıѹǽӺ󣬺ͣЪȥʼŷѹ֡
ƵģڽʱУһһ۵汻Ԩ
䣬һսͽˡ
һڹս߶Ѿɵۡ
ǱΪݼޱȵɱΪѰܻΪԼĵٶۡ
룬սȴֳһߵ̬ƣλ۵涼ûлܣͱһһѹ
ϹѰѹĶѾˣ㹻ͨˣȴûôѵǴѹĶ֣
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ԶŭзΧ
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ȻڣԸѰĶǷԼ
ԪʱЦ⵹һ⡣
Ŀ⿴˿ƽûзԣʱطһʶٿӿƿصսڡ

ѰսƷ
Щ۵һǷٶǵ򶥼ĹȻ͡
Ӱ˵ĸԴǵȼֵѰȲѡ
ȻЩսƷѳΪ֮
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СѣܷҸӣڽжУעһЩԪĿЦ͸Ρ
ѰһǰǺ⣿
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ǸԪƽԪ̴ӣԺԪͥҲҪ㣬ܶύһЩȻ޺
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ѰЦǰΪŵùԪͥĹأβŻѡǰѡ¼ˡ
ԪҲЦˣûٶ˵ʲô
һɣҲѰĻش̬һһ֮ƽ硣
ҲΪѰһ͵һ˳ˮ顣
ƽ˵ͷһϣԪͥȷǷһ飬ͨˣѡȥŴеϣҿΪټ
У̲סһĬԵһۡ
֮ǰ飬Ԫ˽µİ취ҲˣѰõԪĺøС
ƽȻ񵭣ɺȻҲѰ̬ȣͲ˵ҪΪѰټˡ
һУöӿһ˿˵֮

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սͬĽУʼ½һһޱȵսɱҲǽǵĿһһȥ
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ֻǣڹսʱʶȥѰ֮ǰıֶԱȣЩԭƵϾʷ׳ʵսԵѷɫ١
ѰЩ̫ˣ
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Ѱս̫ˣھ澳жкһеƺҲġ
Щʷ׳ʵļɱȱһǵ
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쿴ѰֱһȺֶˣ
أ˴гһӽɢڲͬսеĿⶼˢˢȥѰϡ
ѰĶ֣ˡ
Ƕ˰Ѻ֮ǰǰ֮ܲ˵ˣ
λ۵汳һĻʱЩڣĶ
ôƫƫɷǣ
ǶѶܡ
Խսе龰۵ףսУ˿ɸ֪ѰײС
ʱ򣬵һ˵Ѱʱ˶¶ɫɱӿ֣
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ϵһĻˡ
λ۵棬Ѱȴת뿪ˣ
˶һʲô
ѵײеļһķˣ


2694 Ϊ
ս
ԶһӰλ۵¶ɫ
Ѱ
һ
ڲμӿ֮ǰ֮ͨĹϵڰнˣڽսĵһʱȡϵŸոջһ𲻾á
û룬ôײѰ
λһ㣬Ȼײˣɲӵ
Ϊһһ´սⰺ
ٺٺ٣ˡ
ЦԾԾԡ
磬Ѱ֮ʢڸס˴õЩͬһĴڶԵð
ܽһ׿ķ̭룬˵ؽΪһսһȫ¸߶ȣ
쿴һҪӣ
أһӢӹֽС
ԶѰŤͷߣٶڸλ۵棬ηӡ
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Ϊ׵ĻӴȣŲգڵ׷ȥ
ĸҵһһٶȿ죬ΨֱѰˡ
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룬һȴȻΪѰ۸ɵ׷ȥ
һĬ˿̶¶һŹֵЦݣֹһԼԹñˡ
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Ҳܹʧ̬ʵԪͥմ˵Ļ̫ۼӵȥܲż
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֮ǰ׷ʱѰȷ˵ǸϽס֣ؽ̭֣ɵʱ£˭ΪѰķˣ
˭ֻΪⲻΣ
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ֱĿѰӰʧǱ˴˶һۣŸһжģ鲻Խسһ
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ϲǶ˵׶ޱȣбɱ𣿿ΪȴˡһȻ
ȷܹŹֻ֣轫е̭Ϳ˳ˣȴ˾ѵĻᣬֻǵıҲûн̭ǳϡ
һŮૣо͸Ѱ
ôʲôʱܿ˱̭Ŀܣ͹ˣסһ·ϣѰǱһʱߣٸѹǵĻˡ
Ϊ׵Ļһᶨ
ˣû磬ϵıﶼѹˣ¾ټѰǸȤ𣿡
һ仰˶һĬȻоܲζ

磬һĻǿ߼ֱϲ⣬޷ġ
Ѱķˣ
ڳ˶ԣѰɣͬ޷ƽ
ȻѰԵֻǷɽĳǲ뿼˵ǿߣԹ
Ҳ˵ǳǿߣ¾ûôˣ
ĺǿ
ûã𾪺ע⡣
ͼսУѾѹ̬һλֻܣ̭֡
һϮۣް߰ףٿʣӰ糤ǹͦһƿɲɫһһִգѭӳĶ֮
һսУδñֱսӲݿ֣սưԵӮޱƯ
һʱ䣬Ҳ𶯲ѡ
ʱƣսеսҲԽԽ࣬һЩ۵չֳֶΣҲٺ䶯
ᣬڷϢһͭìʱϢһսȴԶް׺ҡ
Ķ֣ʮغϣͱһìұ壬ǿĲ
ʫԡУ࣬Ů㣬չֳսȻڶġᡣ
ơ
֮һһ۵棬Ȼ֮ͬУ¶սҲ̾
ö񷡢͡ϵϹŶɫͲ١
ǿ֮ǰѰ죬Щ۵棬ͬǳصģ
ʱһһš
ڵһ·˿ʼĵ졣
һ֪֮ľ۵棬һλ֣أעĿ⡣
֪֮
ˣ̾ʮ֮һ趴족̹ޱȣݴ棬Ԫո󸱸ֵܡ
ʶ֪֮˳غ󣬵һ뷨ǣֻҪֿ֪֮ͨˣԺǻΪԪոĵӣ


2695 ּĻ
֪֮Ľ˲СĲ
ɵ뵽ڿ˵һдѻѰеļࡣ
ʱ½о۵أвһЩҫޱȵĿ
ཻڴˣֵ̭ľ۵Ҫࡣ
Ϊÿһλ۵أζλ۵汻̭
һУõóеҲǱˡ
ϲҲ˰̾һϲҳ
£Ȼǻ˲֪ϹŶĶ޷
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ѰһȺ۵档
ʮˣƵƺƴݾˡ
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˵Щ޼£ֻϣĿսʱЩܹƵϾپսߡ
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սɣȾѵĻᣬҿɲʧλкãȫһңɺã
Ц˵
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һĻսɫŹˣ˶ǿЦΨЦŭ˶ˡ
ʱ˵ȷѿҪץ񣬼ģûȺģǣЩļһﻹΪˡ
ϹŶпѪĳ嶯˶ˣпܣǶ޲óȥЩ۵汩һ١
ֱҲ̫ˣ
ʵҲܹĻǣսϢĿ֪ѰʮеΪ
οǻʮ˵ݣУһ˵ѰĲҪ̫ˣ
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Ļüֹ
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ĻӰ̤գȻɣһͷڷƮ˵ʹݡ
κ޵УĻھһޱȵĴڣڵ·֮ɧ
ɴʱȻȥѰԾĶһֹĸоͷ·𿴵һֻСãɵؽҪȥսһͷϻ
ѰǰڵھŲʱûнУԴˣڣҲٷͬĴ󡣡
Ļڵ˵½󣬵ȻڣһΣһʵ㣬ʲôвҰܣʲô졣
һüŮԾ۵ʣĻչֳĿɡ
磬Щ˶ЩĿˣʱˣ̸۸ʲô
ʲôȺ̬
һһܹƽ
ѰɫʼղǾͱϻս
ԺȻңҲôġ
Ļڳһ̾һ˿ȻͱĮɱȡ
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һѩ׵ĵӳ쳹
ĻִƮҷ˵Ȼƥնɲķâ֮飬ܼı֮
ҲС㣬һսһǿսܵӰ
ȻУĻڳˡ
ৣ
һӳذֻʣһѩ׵Ľ磬Ǭ
ޱȾ޵һھĻһλ۵һѧԲز
ǵȺ嫽øپ۵涼̲ס̾


2696 ɱ
ѩףɽӡ
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κʱ򣬶ܸ֮ͬɼѹ
ɴ˿ɼĻֵѰԾʱδκһ˿ĵ
ʵϣΪ澳ܲ뵽ԪͥĿУûһ޴֮
˭ܲЩѰǱҫ۵ս
˭ҽ䵱Ѱ˿
ʶĻһ֣֮ƣԣǿ֮Ѱڽ񳯣
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ֻǣ⾪޵۵̾һȴһѰǰ
ʼգѰԭ˿ָֻһ
ѩ׽ɢꡣ
һĻڳͫһɫϲɫЦͣһʶЩԾ
⣬ҲζҰܵζ
ѰЦ
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һǿʢһ񽣣̤ÿһնһ
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˭֪ԼȥʱǺεȼ尾


2697 
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2699 ع
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䣬һҫ۵Ǵڵʱʱ˾ŸŮÿһϢˣɿ
һɧ
ˣԪͥһھŷǲĺĴˣ
һǾ澳Ϊ˭ܿԶһϵľ۵ɱȣ
ȣβ뿼˵һھ۵棬඼ԵЩѷɫ
ֲ༫΢ͷ·ڴ˾޵Уʱ̤ƴ˾벻ΰ㡣
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ҲֻѰġʫЩɫܹ֮ȼơ
ȻһǺѷֱֲġ
ϾͬΪ澳ϢϷֱͦѡ
ڣλԾŴĺĴˣͽΪڶֿ˵ġعߡ


2700 
λֱԾŴĺĴˣڵ֮ϡ
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ܿ죬ڶֿ˵Ķʮλ۵ǰ
ǾλعߡʱԺнԸֳйڶֿ˵Ĺ
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뿼ߣֻҪܹսмذӣͿ˳ء
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ע⵽ο˵Ĺؼڡ
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һ룬˶еɲ١
λعߣǾŴĺĴˣȻ˴˶Ǿ澳У˭ܹΪԪͥĴ˵ģעһһͱ̬
ֻǣѰȶʮ˽޷յǣǲڿʱԼĶ֣Ǿλعеһ
Ϊѡ֣ǸƽиӦ
ͺˡ
չ򣬾λعϣһöܹͲ뿼ϵƲӦϡ
Ϊ˷ֹ׵λعϵҲ漴ǩзġ
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ȻѰ¶֮ɫǾŸعпһϤס
һ£̳ɵ٣ģֻ˵㣬ʵǼڣԨsţȻ
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ĿǣһԾʼ֪֮ǳɽӰǱޱٿ仯˿˿Ƶ绡Ǿ޴˸һ˸ֲ

ףҲ
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˾̾ʶ֪֮սԣػطֱص֮󣬲й޹
ֻǣҲǳأݷ𣬴󿪴ϣ쫷㣬Űڵ֮Уݿǲ˸绡
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һӣĺĴˣǿ˶Ԫ̾ŴУֲŶپˣ
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Ϊڶģʫ
һԡУɣ׿ȻľŮӣһԵڰһ
ҲڵһֿУ޵֮һ
Ķ֣ǵĵӹս֮ʢڵĻӡ
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սʼʫһʱ˭Ҳû뵽񵭵һλӣʱȴǰѸ͡
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ĸǡ

ʱƣһһ֮ĶԾݣҲ˳һһ󾪺
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Ҳ˳ء
Ѱһֱڹսɫʼնƽ
ֻǣС԰սҲһԾ
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ڰӽʱС԰˴һ̣Ԫ񶼲㱻򱬣üΣѰвĿ֮С
գС԰Ӯÿˣ塢ԪѸأʱƵġ
ڶԾҲǵһʱ䱻뿪ˡ
С԰ģһԵһĺĴˣ룬ǰսȻӡǿһЩ
ѰжϣھŸعУսһǿ
С԰ֵܹӣĺܲס
־ͣ޾ķݶϣֲ󡣡
ȻڣԵޱԸ
С԰ͨûãȻǳˡ
ѰǵһμȻսĶֺǿҲչֳսѰ⡣
ΪȻսţǣ־ãĪ⡣
ÿʱƾǵȲ˼֮ԷĶս־ӶΪġ
һսҲ˲ٹս̾
ѰԪҲпһڤӺ껨˴Ĵ۲ŻһߴУȴԭΪλ׼ġ
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ѰǰԪͥʱ˵Ԫλ֮һǶӺ
ҲǴʱѰ֪ȻҲԪͥһϵ
ҰԪ˵Ȼʱʩչ깦ҲӺѼۣרΪȻıȡġ
ɣӺǳȻ󱲣


2701 ۪Զ
Ȼ˳عˡ
ûãֵѰǳ
ǾεӰڵУҲǱѹ
ЩĲһɱͺ⣬ԪͥĵϣһʱȥѰ̻ˡ
ǲ֪һֻʲô
ֹһ仰ѣòɫù죬ѰڵһֿеΪ
ѰҶҲɫ
ȴѰЦҶּ֣ˡ
˶һ㶣ʲôѰʱع߳Ϲϵˣ
ͼҶɫ΢΢ǰȻˣϴīϻ˵ҪԾټԪͥء
ѰЦϴǶԾûʹʹһսлᣬҵϣҶսһ
Ҷǳ鴤һ£ϣˡ
Ѱѵڶֿ˵ʲôˣгʱĿ֮£ȥʸϵĪǴף
ԶһλϹŶȳ⡣
ѰЦȥϳϹŶһ壬㵱ڳԪͥĸλǰǰ費ɣ˭Ƥף
ЦοףһйʲôʱһԲԪͥˣ
һʺֱ˦һñӹȥˡ
ϣԲú
Ȼ
ѰŤͷ磬ֵǰڲ뿼ˣɳȴ˳䣬ͼӰʹҵľ˵ʵҵľȷӰ쵽ˣ֪飬Ԫͥܲܣ
ڳ޲ĿɿڴѰҲ̫ܸ˰ɣ
ҲòѪСӼֱ̫޳ܣն
ʺӿûȴ粵
һЩ֮ǰҲѧһѵѰĲ˿̶ң򣬿ҲñСҧһڲɣ
ǴҲһ˿ΣڵһֿʱԪΪλЦˡ
Ѱһ̫ˡ
ɿһӴ˿粻ŵ˵ĽУֱ
ھλˣ鲻סƵú޲طȥ
ѰЦŹ֣лǰִԡ
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浣Ѱʼʩڶֳֿʲô۶ˡ
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궯˵˲г
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ԪԵڰʮͷ֮һϣͬԷɽӡ
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ͬʱǾ޴ĵϣֻʣѰ۪ԶˣңңţȫĿӣҲǱɱѹ֮
۪ԶۺڷǷһͦɢ̹ǰĺϢ
ݴż侪˵Ѫ츳ɡһʩչв
ʱֻаӡ
ֻѾû˸ȷţѰǷ֧ŵ
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۪ԶֱӶˡ
Ӱǰ壬һԵսЮ澳ɱѰ
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һ˲ټĵ绯ĩ
һ֮ǿ˹
ͼѰԣԨɫɣҲǷһȡ
۪ԶǿҲе⡣

Ľ쳹Ԩֶסֲĩսٵһ߽洦ŽֲĴҡ
ǿ
һ䶯ˡ
һҲб𺳵ĸо
ѰӰ΢΢һΣгѾõսڱһ˿
޿ɣ۪ԶǿҶҪǿһھ澳е裬֮
ǰѰҲӣҴ⡣
ں³իУ׷飬֮һѵõһεɱ䡣
ܵõ
£ܼ
û֪Ѱսǿ˺εȵزԼҲ޷жϣΪڴ˾УвĶ֣
ǿûжʱû˶Աȣ֪Լǿ
˵Ժľ۵棬ǳһвĴڣڴ˾УѰʹŹΨһһǿ׼
۪ԶǿѰҲֻɿһսв
䣡
սڽУ췭ظ޹⣬ֿ׵Ĵ׳ʣⲻ֪پ
۪Զ񣬹Եչ¶òٲﶼľݲѡ
澳еһо֮緶
Ȼأȴ֣ƾ۪ԶĹΰԵȴѰһһ
۪ԶǰƣѰԵúƽʼվһ麣ʯϮȻ
һƵĴ̬޾ҫ֮ƣɵϽ۪ԶĽ⣬ֵȻ̬Եˣ
ٲﶼʼѰһһǳԾǣ޷Ѱеǳ
ԨĪޣ
Щﶼ޷ˣھ澳е裬ﵽ˺εȵز
û֪
ǷƽԪˣĶһ㲨


2702 ľ
ڴ˾УӵȷŽĵزʣھŴĺĵУҲǰʮ
Ԫп
ھŴ壬ǰʮľ۵棬ڴ˾֮زھȺף¡
˵ǰʮʵ˴֮Ĳ࣬ڵϣǸԵսϡ
ϾӰս̫ˡ
۪Զһ۵棬ڴ˾ԲѰѶá
յĴľ־սֶκս飬ԺѰһ
ȷѵá
ĵأƽҲڵ
öüͷײ壬ȴҲ޷
Ļῴ˿̵սУ۪ԶǿʢƥһֱȴظѰ
ܹ쵽һѰʵѲڮˡ
¶ųͳѰҲòһ㡣
зڣʱʱо
ǽԱ⿰۷һ𺳵Щһս
ŵ˵磬ݹ۹УһսƵϿ˸񣬾
ʶͬΪ澳ս֮Ĳ࣬ȴȫǰ򵥡
Щڵһֿб̭ĽɫƵǴ˾еٮٮߡ
ǺѰ۪Զһȣ̫ˡ
ʱԶĶġᡢƵһ׿һսȫϢĿһգգ
ǵɫûٱ仯Ҳ޷ƽ
ѰǿҲе˼ѹ
ܹ۪Զսȵز֤һˡ
⡣
綫񷡢͡ϡ塢Լ׵ϹüԸһĨ
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ʱڶֿУ۪ԶĶѰܶԿڣͬ⣬𾪡
Ƕ޷ѰлΪԪ̴ˣʣ̤ϲ;ʱָñúεȿ¡
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ЩϹŶǶһüɲ
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ѪԽԽŨңԽԽʢ˼ֱһ¯ȼհ㡣
޷ݵĿֲϢ۪ԶͷŶǾ޴ĵѹȵòҡΡ
Ѱǵһʱͳȥֹʹѹ۪ԶΪ˭һעֲ
Ѱûôǰ㾲š
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֮ǰҲԱȣҲ˼ԼӦһԼͬأǶΪâǵľ
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ֿ˵ɫ΢䣬ǵĲȣҡҡ׹ļ󣬺ԥһʱ䷢
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һľسѺۣ
֮ԱȣԶѰȻ𣬵Ȼɣγ˼ĶԱȡ
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2703 
۪Զˡ
ǵڶֿ˽Ψһһܵعߡ
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ǸԪ̾ŴУҲζλںĵǰʮľ۵ˡ
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ҲѰǿ󣬻Ҳֻܹ۪Զͥ
ΨûѰһԾУ۪Զǿعߣ
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òңѰĶֲԼ
򣬿ܵľͲ۪Զˡ
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ΪڰͷеϹŶȻгȥӺڮѰ
жȫʧذļ
ҪڣͼѰҡͷֹʦ㣬ҷͣԺ̤ʱٸһһˣ
͸žȻ
ĲǷζţѰԷ紫ˡҺ壬ڰʮͷս
Ͳı
ԪͥУҲвʮͷ˺
СʦԼǡ
ЦڣɫݣտȻǣɵ֮ǡ
δѰǰԪͥμӿˣѰûʲô
ʶΣ
̶꣬ݷ꣬һʮͷ֮ĽͶԿվѾɱ⣡
ˣƱá
ྲ
ȣӴѹȫе
֣ԪͥѵҪӻλӦ˻ţǻٻˣ
͡
üãԪ̻ᵣЩ¶ˣ
͸Īơ
͡ɫ΢䣬˵Ļ˵ܴԪִͥˣ޻˵
֮ǣ绹ʸԪ̬ͥȣάѰԺʲô飬Ҳ޷⡣
ѹ֣ɱ֮Ǭ
ǵڰͷԪִ֮ͥ˸Ҳϡ
λҿǽѰӵĿʸΪãԺԪͥǵȷǻ벻Ļҡ
ʱ򣬶ҲˣĿ⿴ŷƽ硢ԪˣҲһЩǲ
еġǡҧüء
ţƽǿ϶еϵ
ΪһԪͥڲĶ
ֵֵ
˻һжһԪͥҲѡѰǽѰԼʦ㣬Ƿܻ뿪˵أ
üͷֻ㣬ԪͥĹУйĹ涨
崽ǳ鴤аʲôʱ˻أ治ǹװͿ
Ŀ⿴Ԫ
Ԫǹ߳ЦݲˣĬƬ̣ƽԪͥ¼˵Ŀˣ¶ڹע£ʶʳһ䣬ʱѰ̭֣οԪͥ
ü両ֳһĨ˵ʲôԪٴʵ
ʶʳϣʲôʱʮͷ̬ȣԪͥĹ֮ˣ
仰öһɫ䣬ϣҿɴӲ˵
仰ֱģ̫ˣһ˿ʵʮͷ̫ܵӰ죬ԻһΪԪˣ
ô˵Ҳͬչˣ
Ԫʡ
ɫһòòһѰ⣬ȴԪԪͥʮͷ֮ĸ߶ȡ
пԣ˵ǣ
Զ񷡢塢͡ϵ˵ɫһԪ̬ȣҲŭѡ
ΪΣ
岻ģһֱ˰ķƽ
ƽƳһۣ˿ʼǰ˵ģ
ʱ
ʱƽ˵£
̬ȣҲԪ̬ȣԪ̬ͥȣ
ˣ񷡢͡ϵ˵ɫˡ
սнȻͳĽ֮⡣
ԪͥǳȻʮͷΣ
Ԫͥĵϣվɵðչ£
ڱӻѰ
ǣ
Ԫ̵Ĺأȥƺͼ̤
нһ˳ӣ˾ƽ˵̬ȣֳԪͥĵ̺ͷ緶
ڣ˼ʱ˭ٸҿ򣬱ֱ
Ǿ棬ԶȲͷ
Ҳڴ˿̣һΪԨ츳Ѱķ粨űƽϢȥ
Ѱԣδ
ڳ˶ԣԪ֤ͥĵ̺ͳȻ
ЩͷԣĽǺѿ


2704 
ڶֿ˼ڽС
ֻѰ۪Զľ޴󣬽ĶԾɳƵϼҺ;ʣܸоЩζͬ
ֱʱ
ڶֿ˽ˣ뿼˵ĶʮУʮͨˣʮһ˱̭֡
ֿһС


һڣѰʮλ۵棬ڲͬĵноޡ
ԪͥΪÿרṩҩ裬ЩҩԴѼĹ屦

һУѰһһɡ
ڵڶֿУԪͥչ¶̬ȣװġ
ζţֻҪΪԪ̴ˣѲʮͷв
ѰҲԪͥʮͷЩжע޶ԡ
ҲζţԺԪͥӣ϶ƽˡ
ѰЩ
ɲţԪڣ˭ҵԶɱԼ
Сѣܷ񵥶һģ
أԪڴ
ѰһڴԪӭ˽
գҪлǰִԣһݡ
ûԪ⣬Ѱȹ񣬳Ͽл
ԪȻЦҺͷ糤ģԪͥĹأɲΪͷ
Ѱס
Ƭ̣Ԫ⣬ʮλͨڶֿ˵ǿߣܹ˳ֿͨˡ
ˣ˲Żѡڵڶֿж㷢ѡ
ͻأһ仰Ѱһ˼⣬Ͳˡ
ֿˣ
ʱֻҪܹǧ֮ϵĵطԼ־׭Լ֣͵ͨ˿ˡ
޷ִǧ֮ϣᱻ̭
Ѱ˽⣬κһʸֿ˵Ľɫصı̭Σա
Ҳζţ񶫻񷡢͡ϵˣûлڵֿѡ
ԣֻڵڶֿô
Ԫԭ㻹Ԫ̴ˣЩܸ㣬ɼȻѾЩ飬ҲӦ
Ѱһݣǰͽ̡
ԪǰʱԪѾ֪㽫ҪμεĿˣ߿˵һ֪¡
Ѱٸ⣬аѵʦѾǰźõģ
ֻҪסΪ֪ҪμӿˣҲԪڲ˼ͷ粨
Ԫкܶų⣬ΪǻΪԪ̴
ҲкܶΪԪͥ飬ԪͥĹ㣬˲뿼ˣֻҪΪԪ̴ˣǾԪ֮ˡ
ѰҲ˵ԪڲΪ̬ȣֳӪ
ԪЦ˼򵥣ҲԹۣδ¶ʲô̬ȣҲѶԪִһЩ󼲺ϣһĽߣܹˮˣ˾ܽȥһЩ󼲺
˶٣Ԫ֮ܽĵҸи˼Ϳǡ
Ѱٸм֣ԴҲû뵽ԼĵԪͥ˶粨
˼Ƭ̣ʵǰ֮ĳΪԪ̴ˣָ
ԪĻشܼ򵥣ĸ֣¡
ѰһĥʱˣЩԪͥģֻҪԼԪͥвأûκԼ
лǰָ㡣
Ѱֵ
Ԫ֣ǷҸĻҪлҲӦȥлŶԡ
Ѱ̽ǰðһ䣬ҵĵֳ̬ȣ
ԪЦˣ˵أ
Ѱ˹ǰȥʱ˵һסĽ̻壬¡
ԪЦͷ
뿪ʱȻһ£ڵһֿʱǷһ飬ŵùңҽڿ֮ѡȥھŷС
ھŷ壿ѰЩ
֮ʱǵھŷ崫īɽһ壬ϣμԪ̵ĿˣܹھŷС
ֻѰû뵽ԪҲԼƼھŷ塣
ھŴУھŷʵףԶ˷壬ɵھŷĵɾûô߰顣
ԪζҪǣڵھŷܸĽᡣ
ֱԪ뿪ѰһֱĥԪеġᡱ
ǰԪͥĿܼ򵥣ǰʦеģڰ֮ڣȥȡΪԪĻᣡ
ҪΪһִȨĸѶȿɲһĴ
ԪͥڣһܲһӣЩִƴȨϼһͬ٣ƾΪܻϲ֪ꡣ
ʲô⣬ִƵְȨѷ仯
ѰĿ꣬͵ô洫һӺĵӡԪӡִ¡ִ¡ϽֱΪʸȥ֮λ
Ǹһֱڣռλòţǻûлٽһ
ǰԪαѱ֤֮ǰжθְ֮
ѷĻᣬȻҲԪͥڲ֪ٴϡ
ǵھŷӵиĻҽǵǿԿǿǡ
Ѱ˼
ԪѺܼʱ
ŴУҲвٵжĴﵣҪְ
ڶ飬Ļڵһλ档
ǽڶ壬Ǽֱ뻢ڡ
ֶΣҪѺʹȥԸһŵĴˣԷʤ
ͬĵҲѱƵ鷢
ھŷԪԣûô߰飬¾ھŴףѰҲԸȥ

һ硣
ǰ޴ĵϣѰʮλǿߣѵȺǡ
գǽеֿˣ
֮ǰսһεĿ˺ܼ򵥣սɱԵк־Ŀ顣
ʱⲿһѱȥ¶ģ
һһ񽣰Ľֳͨһֻ粻Ϣû˽ƵڱΣͷųϢѹȵڳ˺ѡ
Ȼǲݲѡ
ţı壬Ԫ֮彣ںܾǰΪ˽մȾɱ̫أԪַ֮ӡ˴˵ء
д˵ǣʵΪѹ˽
ӵ߲ɣͨɢŻɬĻҰ֮ɫضļ¡
ǧ֮ϣһƯ飬ԽϣǴƵԽϡ١
ÿһƣУÿһԪ̵ӡڴˣ
ֿˣǧ֮ϣԼ־۴ƣϣ
ƽԸ峤ϣֿ֡
ĿһɨѰʮˣɫϵ˹Ƕס˭ֻһλᣬĪҪ⡣
ڣ˿ʼ
ৣ
еĿⶼ뿴֪֮
һֿˣǵһصģڶֿˣҲǵһԾġ
ڣҲΪһеֿ˵ˡ


2705 һ·ҡ ֱ
Ƕ֪֮ӡ̡
ڵһ֡ڶеı֣ûǰͣҲûǰ㲻
֮Զӡ̣ڣ˺ܶࡰһ
һӵһֿйء
һڶֿˡ
ڣһֿˡ
˲סѡ
ѰԴӡ
ֻǣ֪֮ôͷñ˼סսҲ˼סǵһ
˿ʼˣ֪֮һӰεض𣬳ϳȥ
ǧɾ룬κξ۵ԣһ˲ƾͿԵִ
ɵȥɶʱ֪֪֮һԶǰ򵥡
ͷųϢһѹеıϣ˵˲ƣǷɶݶҪܼѹȡ
ÿǰһҪܿɲѹ
ܿ죬ֱ֪֮ð亹бǿܹسϳ塣
У֪֮ͬһɽа棬ʱӰģʱٴϢˮ֪ѽ͸½
Ƕݡ
֪֮һλֿͨ˵ľ۵棬ɴʱִֻǧɸ߿֮ϣͲά裬ʹ
ֿ֪˻ܼ򵥣Ҳ˭ͨ
ֱִǧǰ֪֮üζӿе䣬ò˶һѺ
ã֪֮ջ˳ִˡ
ŵǣޱǱļһƲʹֹǰ
ÿһԵǰѡ
ɵÿһӰߴһ
أ˶ݣ塣
Ψ˴ܹ֮ڴ֮ӵн֮ɾͰɣ
գڽӽǧ֮أֹ֪֮ˡ
Ĩͷˮ־۳һƣԼϡ
ӰƵģವһ´Ӹ߿׹ڽӽʱȵһվסŲڴϢɰ۲ˡ
˶Ц
ųģʫ
֪֮ȣʫжԵúܴݣӰԽԽߣٶҲһû
գǧɵĸ߶ֹ
һĻʱȫ䶯Ϊɼѿҫۡ
ֻʫȴһĨʣЩΡ
߶ȸƯĴѱϡв١
ڸߴͬƯ
һζţǰУ˺һִ߶ȣҲкܶ߶֮ϣ
ֻϧٲҲ޿κˣѾļޡ
ʫͨ˺½һһ۵пˣÿһоյصִǧ֮ϡ
С԰ǧʱֹ
ȻǧŰɵľʱֹ
ҲԿѰһԴǧС԰ͶȻִСڵ֮ŮȣվһЩ
Ѱڵ߸
Ӱչж˾һˢˢؽĿȥ
ڵһ֡ڶֿеľ֣ǸɣѰ޷ͨοˡ
ǸȤǣѰܹﵽεȸ߶ȣ
Ǿǧ֮𣿾˵Ԫ֮յλŵӵĿ˳ɼ
ϹŶڣѰִܹ߶ȣԪͥã
ǧ֮⡣
ƷֱƯڲͬ
Ԫ֮λ˵ĳɼλˣںܾǰͱ˵ھУ
Ҳû˳ȥսǧɵĸ߶ȣһ⣬ʧܸա
ǣƵˣ˽һеĴܣ
͡Цڣ˵Ѱֿܹȡȳɾͣҿǲŵġ
ҲЦˣƿڵŲţҲı䲻ҼСʦܽԪͥʵУڿʱñ죬ĪҪŵ򣬷򣬿ԪͥЩѿɾͲӦˡ
㡭͡ӿŭɫ
ɸҪ˵ʲôʱͼѰչж
˵עҲǱ˹ȥ
ͼѰ̤գƮ裬̬ɰ㣬նС
ٶȲ죬ȴͥŲ
һǧɾ룬ת˲ִ˳ԾǣѰٶȾκθı䡣
ܿ죬Ӱǧ֮أ
Ҳڴʱвһɧ˶ӣ
û뵽Ѱ׾͵ִ߶ȣ·һ·϶ûܵκε赲Ƶġ
ɺܿ£
Ȼ̬֪֮ࡣ
ʫӿһ˿ǿҵĲʣֻһԱȣ֪ԼѰ֮Ĳж
Ҳкܶ˺ܵ
緽ƽԪˡ
Ѱڵһ֡ڶչֳսܹڴʱ쵽һ⡣
ʱƣѰӰܿ͵ִǧɡǧɡǧɡ
һ·ҡϣ
ǵһĻò֪Ŀࡣ
Ϊ˴˿̣Ѱжɲ¶κļǰݺ
ֱѰӰִǧʱѻȸÿ˶ɴ۾ֻڸͷƤ
֮ǰ뿼˵λ۵棬õĳɼҲǧɾ롣
ڣ类Ѱ
ǧɸ߿Уϡ֮Ҳʮ䣡
ȻⲢѰճɼ
ΪҲڵִ߶ȺϳٶȲŷŻһЩÿһʱϵӿ֣¡¡죬Ҳܵѹ
ɲǱ
һֱһھĿע£Ӱһǧɵľ뿿
һ̣ƽԪ˶¶ɫ
ѰܷԼھǧ֮⣿
ο˵Ķ壬ɫԶ͡ϡһıжִͷˡ
ѰֵԽҫۣоԽζ
˭⿴Լ޲ɱһˣԼǰƽƣҡϣ
ǧɣͻˣ
һ͸żļ쳹ǵĶĤ
Ŀע£ѰӰ˾ǧɸ߿գ
һԾŵĳɾͣԪͥʷУǡ
ΪǾǧ֮ϣӹҲֻƯơ
ӽƬ߿УֵĶƣ
һ⣬֮ǰϡЦ۾гһ
Ļȷεһƣ͡ϣһգɫ׽ӡ
˹עһĻ˿еĿⶼѰϡ
Ϊֹ
²ıüѺͻӰżҡΣ¿Զ֮ǰǰݺ
Ĳδͣ£
ϢĶڴ
ѰӰԽеһʱжʱľ䶯ը
ѰӰһ㳬Խеĵڶʱ˶סݺ߬˫֣ǰһѣ
ǷƽԪǣ˿̶Īؽ
ΪֻѰ˿ȡõĳɾǺεȵľףεȵĿ˸
ԪͥĻЩϼһǶס
ѰӰһءޱȵسԽߴһʱзһƬļž
ÿ类ǡ


2706  Ϊ
߿վǧŰɣƵһ䣡
Ԫ֮һĸ߶ȣܹԽ
ڴʱѰһεӰԽһƵĸ߶ȣ
Ǳ
°ɫˮ͸һебݵһڴԨƵģبڤ֮¡
һĻȫʧ
ЩսԺһƬհףǲ߶壬ȴյѰ߳ɾͣ
ƾһ㣬Ϊ֮
ЩԵڰĲԣҪ˽ĸࡣ
ǽǵһǵھеһλܣһλӵͨ쳹֮ǿڡ
ЩڰͷηֵĴ棡
ڣλںܾǰĿ˳ɼˡ
ǻˣΪ֮ȲʣΪ֮޺̾
ɴʱһӬܣжˡ
Ϊ߼¼ģѰ
һ֮˵ķƽ˿Ҳ¶֮ɫпԪ֮ڣǻһΪŵӡ
ΪԪͥˣƽڽԪʱ֪ܹڵֿеִǧ֮ģʸΪԪ֮Ĵˣ
ֻȥһֱûܹ쵽һ¼ٱ
ǰֻϧںܾǰԶΣ˭Ҳ֪˼Һʱټ
Ԫૡ
Ҳ꣬ƵϹŶˣԪ֮ǰһ
ΪبԪͥ񣬾ֻһԪ֮Ӳı
ҲζţԪ֮ʱ䣬ԶϼһﶼֻԾӡ
䲻ڣɾƾ֮׳٣ѰԺڲ;ϵĳɾͣԲڽλŵ֮¡

͸Ÿп̾ҲӬܡ
ֵǣ˿̻ʣʳϣǵֿ˵ô£
ζǿЦѰšȻҺܲҲò˵ǸǸ˲õˡ
˵꣬˶ˡ
һ޲ɱĳʲôо
˲֪˿̵Ķ
֮⣡
˿̣ƽڣɫ׶ݡ
ͬʱҲѰӰԽһƺ󣬲δʹֹһ֮⡣
λ֮ա
˵һѽ˿̵Ѱƾ˴˽֮ϡ
أΪ
еĿⶼһγȻӰѻȸ
ɣڽյԪͥУѰż¼ڴԼĴ¼
ƾһ㣬쳹磬Ϊǡ

ɸ߿֮ϣһƬããƺ
ִ󣬷ûһ·ܵѹõѰƮƮģ˿
Ҳû뵽ɾǵǰǿͿɲõڵִǧɸ߶ȺҲʼе
ֱڵִɸ߿յĹУҲѺǱ
ãһжѾ
Ѱ־۳һƣ׭¡ֵԨƮּ뿪
Ȼ䣬ǰããƺУವһһֻѩ׵è̬˶Ƥë˳һ̵ĺˮ䡣
è
Ѱһ
Щʲôûɻˡȸ䡢׻١
Ψû뵽ֿ˵ɸ߿֮⣬һֻèְַʣֺģ̬
˵ǲĵط
һ̣ѰһϢ֮С
ԭǱǴèһͫ׶ϵһۣܵһǰδеΣϢ
ǲһֻèһֲ޷
ܿ죬èջĿ⣬ҡҡͷת˲ʧڰããƺС
ͬʱһ̾Ѱ𣺡СһҪκ˵ڴ˵ؼ򣬱һĲ㡣
ͳвζʮ㡣
ѰüֹԼȻһֻèвˣ
ҲǰèͲĳλֲ
ܹƺ֮ϣ˵èԪͥĪϵ
ֻǣΪβԼй¶飿
ѵлʲô˵ܣ
ٺҴ⣬ֱ
ǰèͻأѰٶԵúס
ѰһʶԼ˼룿
ɫһãûٳԡ
ģֺֻĴèһԷĲһצӹǺͲˡ
ҡҡͷѰת·ȥ
޴ĵϣѰӰ֣ĿҲǻ۶翴һ
ţžձ䶯˴ƣǼۣһ޷ĵ𺳡
ΨЩѰɫһһ
񶫻ġȻûнп˵ľ۵棬˿ľܳأޱȵĳء
Ѱǰ֮ϵȫµļ¼ζţڽĿУǱֵپޡҫֻۣҪ޷ִ֮⣬עֻΪѰģ
Ȼɵĸ߶˭ִܵģ
ʵ̫˾ɥöǺܲζᵽˣѰͬһпˣǺεȲҵ顣
ȻڽĿУûгһѰǰĿ˳ɼ
˵һִǧɸ߶ȵĶûУ
ǿ綫ġᡢƣҲִǧµĸ߶ȡ
ǵķӦҲ䵭Ѱľ֮ٺ󣬶ǶԽĿ˵ȷûٽͷˡ

ֿˣڽĻ
Ѱʮλ۵棬˳ͨˣӽһλ뿼˵ľ۵Ա̭֡
ֻǣû˻ǵЩʧߡ
ֻ֪ӽѰʮλ۵ͽΪԪ̴ˣֿеı֣Ҳ̵ʱڴ磡
Уҫ۵ȻѰ
ӵдԨ츳ӵз紫ݵˣֿеıֱ֣þݡ
û˻ˣڵһֿЩϵľ֮١
ҲˣڵڶֿУΪΨһһعߵѡ֣ܵع߻Ԫ̾ŴǰʮĴڡ
ˣڵֿУż¼ɸ߿֮дµĴ棡
ǰһʱɱϾ಻ӣ󣬿˭ʱɱ֮
ΪԪ̴ˣԺЩ˭ǰԸ
¾ĸңҲõ
˽ȴδþò½ɢȥ
Ѱʮλ۵棬һɷƽţԪͥڣһͽʽ
ǰлҪȥʦ˵
Ѱҵƽʾ
ȥɣǣ˸Ҷֻ֣Ҫǰɡ
ƽڵ
Ѱתȥ⣬ͱһֱȺǵľһѱסЦ治ҾСʦܣ
üɫ裬ЦݲãƯԾϣһɷĵϲúԺ
ֻǣѰȴ΢΢Щ
αͼֻͷ룬˿쿪˫۽ס¸űѰҲظܵԼλʦģȻܹϡ


2707 ӿ
Ƭ̺󣬾ҲףһƿѰݺݵѰһۣоΣ
Ѱһ⡭
ѵҪϸһ֮ǰӵĸܣ
šѰ첲һ£û㼴ΪԪ̴ˣоΣ
΢Щֻ̣Ǳ濴򶨡
֮ǰѰһӵȻСռ˸ˣ
Ŷûʲô
Ѱڵ
ΪԪ̴ˣ֮Уɸ߿ϼذèЩĥ͸
ߣԾȥ
һסѰ䣬Զȥ
ѰȻܾ
ǺܷСϣɼ޵ߵӰҲ鲼Ų¥һĵ̡
Щǳеԭס衣
汲ڴˣԪͥӻҲصʲôңǡ
ֻǣҪ뿪ǣǰǺ֮磬򼸺ûʲôϣ
ΪǺһֱǣ
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Ԫͥ޾ЩȴҪ뿪ģЩͷıԣעܴʧλɱĻᡣ
ģҼȻǰȻаӦһΣաЦƺϸϸһĨ죬ˮģˡ
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ԪһĿ⿴磬ⲻǸӵ飬Ƿ񰴹µ顣
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ϸǿ԰סĵŭƢֱéʯͷֳӲֲôȥҲֻһϣһԪͥķƽǸˡ
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Ԫ̾賤϶ѱ̬ȣٸͶʳϣվ޲ҿǻá
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Ԫͥĺصء
ʱԾŴķԼ峤ϣԻǰ
ҪҵڶĴ۪ԶѰһ
ڶ俪ڣһϮۣӿƮȻǣˡ
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ͬģҲ⣬Ƿ紫ˣͨĺᣬԪڲͶ
ô˵ǲϣѰڶˣ
һʵɷǣ뷢԰ףĿ飬Цеģ崺硣
޳
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ޱ෴ҶĿſ־ڱصãڶڣԺŷ۵ʱؿɴʡ
ԣ˲˵֣֪ڵһֿУӿǶλĻڼ裬۪ԶĵģҲ㱻ƣ£㻹ܼ̣
ڵģһ翡꣬ǵϲ
üͷ𣬵ΪڶãɻƽЩ
˶¶ΪȻɫ
˵˭ұ֤㽫ѰڶǷػģ
ҿӼܻѡһ壬ϾʵһЩһֱȾӵһ۵̣ҲǾŷۺġ
˳
ȴ޳ҡͷ̾Ϣ޲ôѡһ壬ҲϵЩ鷳ǰλбȻпǺʹ㣬Ҳֱԣ۽ŷеһвٻ˷ҿɲһ粨С
ڱ̬ˡ
˶һۣж޳粨һע⡣
˭֪һвٺݽɫԵڰ
ȻҲٵĴš
֮ڳЩŷһи㣬ЩһΧżѰչ
һо۵׵īɽвһ֮̾ʱѰһĻĻ
˭Ϊ˵ĵԪͥڲѾǰӿܣ
ڴʱԶոһŷƽѰ˵Ӱ½ֶ


2708 ھŷ
ǰ
ƽһ˳֣ĿһѰϣҲ֮΢
ѰҲյķ⡣
λʮ˾ͨˣԪ̵ĴˣҲ
ƽȻڣھͽͽʽǾŴУѡĸˣԿյľȨЩԼϡ
ͽĹء
֪֮һ壬Ϸ֤ʮڱĵӣΪıȡ֤Դ
ʱһ޳ֱӿڣ֪֮롣
ȻǵѵȺǰˡ
ʫġᣬҵķ塣
һ˵ŴԷ׷׿ڣԼ֡
ͬҲѰ롣
ڶ顢ϲķȵȡ
ϿҶϣܹһλҫ֮ľ۵ΪͽģͲΪ֪
ԴˣѰ۵ףĬԡ
ѴԪԪڲԼĵ˼硣
˵ŴУ¾вٰػ֮
ʶЩ룬Ѱδ̱̬
ܿ죬֪֮ӦһУ޳ϲЦտ
ţȻӦС
ΨһŮԣĶޣ羲ׯ
ȻӦ¶һĨЦݣȻԪ󸱸֮һӺ
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жȻ룬ԵҲһ׮¡
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ڵһֿУ˭С԰Ѱϵһ㣬ӦǼҪõѡ
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ڣһ޳ֻĴûпС԰
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һֱӺ̹˵װס
ⷴѰƾøУӱؽǽ̻壬ıǡ
˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôֱѰ˵ھŷ塣
ɽ㣬ɼұء
ηأԭʼϢƮ̨ĵھŷԡУһɻͻ
ԶԶһѰ𺳡
ׯһڵ񸣵أҲǵؾ㣬Ǻ͵ھŷһȣȫͲˡ
ǵھŷ壡
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һܿΪĴ֮ͥһԪ̵ĵ̺εۺͳȻˡ
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ѰӰʱǵھŷۣ֮ӰȺ
Щǵھŷˣ洫ӡĵӡԼһڳϡ
ԵȺѾá
Ѱ
ô
صĴѰʱǶ⣬ֲ


2709 ı
Ԫ̾Ŵ壬ǹ̶
ڵġھŷ塱̨壬ΪףŻᱻϵھŷĳƺš
ƺѰ̨ꡣ
Ҫıܼ򵥣ÿǧ꣬Ԫ̾Ŵ֮ĺĵ֮䣬ͻСŷ۵
ʱոĴ۵еı֣
Ȼܶŷ۵У̨һֱǷѣһֱı
ʵ֣ŴУ̨嵱Ȼǵ׵һ
ʶصĴˣѰʱھŷЩϺʹ˶ٸ⡣
Ƕ˽ֿе飬Ļ᲻ѰǺεһڣ
ֻǣǿû뵽Ѱѡ׵ĵھŷ塭
ֻЩԼµʲôϲǵǡ
ϲõǣѰھŷ壬Ժھŷγ޷ʵָı䣿
ǵѰϵ鷳ƺ̫һЩõھŷҲܵǣۡ
ûнʲôѰִɽۺ󣬵īϣѰǰʶͽˡ
˵գתȥ
˶㶣оѰļ룬ƺˡ
īɽЦſڣѰСѣϲͨˣԪ̵ھŷ壬ӽ̨崫ˡ
֣ԺһˡҶ֣ЦˬʣѰĵǺܸ˵ġ
֣ǵôϴ֮ǻһ㷢̳һСݣü鶯õŮЦڣŴɷǺ
ѰϳԷ飬丸ǵھŷ
ߣӣǰϺƳ׿ݺͻľš
˵׵Ǻİ
īɽĽܣҲѰԵھŷȻġ
ھŷ֮⣬аīɽڵλϣŲεĵС
洫ʮˡ
ĵˡ
ϸռھŷѰĵҲˡ
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ºĵӺ洫ӵҪʮˣǵھŷһ
£Ҳġŷ۵Уھŷһֱˣû취̫١

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УΪһԴԴֵԶԴɱȡ
Ϊȹ屦һĻ籾ԴУ㲻裡
ڵУ趼ƵһһĹ屦ֻвʸá
Ԫ۵澳洫ã֪ԪͥεȲƴ֣̲һľˣ
ҲܱǼ裬ÿȡһٽȸҲƵź֮
ɽԪͥؾ֮أһֱԪء
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磬ഫУΪÿ֤ķʽһĴ֮ͬܽİأһֿԴҵĴС
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ӦϤԪͥ״ȥЩҲ١
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ʱɽķλһ𣬶Դ˵ĵС츳ԼʮеıֽһֻҪ죬кܴΪĵӡ
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ΪһĵӾҪ˷ʮ꣬Ҫڶ̶̰ڳΪԪͲܡ
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Ϊ̫ˡ
Ŵ֮žϵ˭Ը⿴űķ洫ӣһԾΪĵӣ
ͺñѰҪ·ͻ˷Ĵ˵սսʤ
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ĺĵǿҲվǾ۵澳Уڴ˾Уɴû¹˭
۪ԶоŴǰʮ֮УɲҲˣ
Ա˶ԣ·أϣ
ɶѰԣһܿ׵Ľݾ
ȡŰ䷢ƣȥԪһ⡣
Ѱϡ
ӵƣϵԪ̴ˣԺȡԴҪƾơ
ǰԪ۵ҲͬҪơ
֣Ƿ׼׵
츣⣬Ҷʵʱ˼еѰ

Ѱ츣ȥ
߰ɣʦʦǶϵȴ١λҲˣѵõĺܡ
Ѱ߳ҶЦ˵
ѰҲЦͷ
һԪ̣Ϊھŷһ洫ӣڳīɽ£ھŷ洫ӺͺĵӻһҪΪѰһӭᡣ
ľۻᣬѰɲܲμˡ
ϾԪͥԣѰٴҲֻһռŵġˡ


2710 Ʒ粨
պǢ
洫ӣǺĵӣ֪Ѱֿеľ֣Ϊ壬Դ֮Ҳž⡣
Ͼ۪ԶﶼѰܣھŷ壬ںĵһĹ꣬ھŴУҲҪѷɫ۪Զһ
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һԭֵնʱЩ䵭Щ
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ʵյϯۻᣬԵھŷĴӡ󶼲ȻھŷףԪԣû߰飬ʺڴС
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ϼһһЩֶԼȥȡԪոһִµλãǾͱѰˣ


Ѱīɽеõơ
һֶصĲĥɣ׭Ԫ֣ͥ׭̨崫Ѱ
ĸӦھӡһɼɬ
īɽ˵ƳԪ̴˵ƾ֤һ֮ѣ𵽻ɱٵá
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⳯ʱҲǴӵڶеĺĵӱԪ¼Ϊӡ
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˵գֱ뿪
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ѰŶһ֣̽һѽץȥ
⧲֮£ֱӱѰĴ߬סӰ빺󷽸


2711 侮ʯ
ԳصĵУȻ⧲֮£ҲϲӦ
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˵ţѰٲ֣Ǭһۣųأͳ챦ȥ


2712 粨ֹ
û
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ȻһľʶԭѰĴգ
±ѹԪнһЩ˲Ҳ̫Ķ˾͹ˡ
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棬ˡ
Ӻһ̾ο֮ڣԪλþͽȱ˳˭ܲأ

Ԫո
ִƽؿųأú߻ëһڡ
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ᣬѪ֪ٴŹصˣƹ
ÿһѶˣ³ܲҡ
óܲţ
ãŴӴ³һ仰˵ǹʹ


2713 
΢䳤ϣӾûйѣʵǡ
ϵãҪԪոʲô
̽һһöӳ֮һĻĻиֶ
ȻѰѰ챦һϵ飬
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ޱŰɣϾԪˣӵгΪǱܣȾŴĵӵĵλҪʤһҿ϶ǰ顣
Ǿ۵棬ʣթĶУվԵ̫ˡ
һҲǣڰָʹصģһԪΣ
ЩУҲվһöǰˡ
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ãһɤֿڣ

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ЩطѲֹһ˵ƵĻˣʵĲЩġ

صھŷ·ϡ
Ѱһֱĥղһ粨
Կ϶Ե˵һηѡ
ԼסˣɽʱĵѺעУһԽԽࡣ
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ٺʮ˼һ꣡
Ϣ֮ڡŴ½Ϊ֮𶯣Ȼ


2714 
Ԫܷͥ鼫ٻᷢ
ϾȳȻ洫Ҳһľ۵棬ʱԶ˭ĵȥظԼҲڣ
ʶܷϢǺ˳Ծġ
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ȻЩͼѰνһܣ

츣С
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Ҿ۵󣬵ԲΪǡ궼еõĪ洦
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ǲĺļֵڡ
ѰԽ̶Ƭ̾ᵽ˲ľҲΪ֮ݡ
һһǧﲻ裬һľ۵棬ÿտʮҵĲ衣һǧǡÿάϵһµ裬Ҳˡ
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ҶЦ汻¶ˣ֣Ǭϻ󣬾ȥҷ״˵Ŀ𳤣Ϊһֱڵھŷ壬ǳӣõھŷǣۡ
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ԪִȨŴ崫˵ǨͰϵĿˣԪƹܡ
ҪΪˣҲҪԪѡ¼
Ѱ
ѰִһԪ˲ȡһӣģ㣬ŵ㡣
вԪˡ
ʱĺܾȣ췢Ԫ飬Ԫڷзţʱһ죬ѰͳԪĵϡ
ʲô
ѰóƵݹȥֵҴнĵӵĿˣʦְҰһ¡
ʱסˣŵʦܣŸռʱ䣬ؾҪΪĴˣ
ЦҾȣֻѾܾûмֿˣšǷˣ
Ѱͷ
ɫȻƽѰסѵУֻһλ洫˳ͨˣ뿼˵洫ӣһ⣬ʧܸաѰʦ㡭ȷҪпˣ
ѰЦȻ
ĬƬ̣˿ˣһʧܣζǧڣʦûеڶνп˵Ļˣף
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ˣʱٶȰóѰѲı⡣
ʦԵȣȥרְ𿼺˵ִ¡
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ܵѰʦܣλׯʿִ£˵Ҫпˣʶǰ
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Ѱͫ΢΢һС
񸣵ׯһһλ棬ѰĿܻ֣
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ѰȻׯִ£п˵ģ鲻̸
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Ѱ޶ԣ޲
ԪͥׯʿȻԪִ£ȻǲҲΪΪ
ѰӲԣׯʿǿĵŭ⣬ͳˣΪԪ̣Ϳǣ
Ѱвң
ׯʿߣɱô࣬ҲһҵҪһ۵棬ܱQʱ
ѰЦģһĺúõģһգҪ񸣵ջأׯЩ壬𱨵Ķһһʰһ顣
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˵գȥ
ׯִ£ΪһЩΥص飬ҪСĲ볯صĺ󳾡Ѱ
ԶׯʿӰ΢΢һͣ߶ȥ
죬йѰμԪĵӿ˵Ϣʹ˳ȥھŴһȻ󲨡


2715 ܵƾ
ղŸպͳطͻվʹϢѰδҲ̫˰ɣ
˴㵣š
ѰżԪ죬һͷβˣȴ½֮١
񣬳ѱͷ˼УȻѰûоͣȥ
УַʽͼúĴݵģʧܸգѰĪΪĿ˺ܼ򵥣
ŴУ洫޷ƽ
֮Уŵʱ䶼Ѱãֻ꣬洫ӵݡ
ѰŽԪû죬ҪıĴ˵ݣҲĪĴ̼
۪Զʦֵʵȷлȥƴһƴοһ˶ѣȻʧܣҲûʧ
ˣѰʵлͨˣɻѰͲУЩͨ˴οˣ
һʱ䣬
񶫻ġᡢʫЩѰͬһʱԪ̵ǿߣ֪Ϣжܸӡ
ǲòѰǿ
ȴû뵽ѰѾҪĴ˵λ÷սˡ
ڶ飡
˶Աȣ֮С
ȥԪһ⣡
˰һЩﶼǰһۡ

ھŷ塣
ȡ裡
֣ǬЦԼĲм
ںͷīɽ飬֪ѰҪμӺĵӿ˵Ϣ㲻Ŷ䡣
֣Ѱֱ̫ڣԪ¿¶ڵſǵھŷЦأ֣Ǭ
īɽüѰĵ̺͵УǺϣͨ˵ġ
֣ǬȻīϣѰʧˣĿǵھŷ
ӮˣǸǵھŷ峤īɽ
ۼļֵˣѾкã
Ҳһͷۡ
ѰŽھŷ죬ͱأ¸ƽϢҪȥμӺĵӿˣһ
Сӵȷ̫ˣ
ɡȥ
ͬʱ顢ľšϺƳȵھŷ崫Ҳۡ
ֻǺ˲һǶܣڴѰı֡
ھŴУھŷѾ̫ˣ崫ʱܲⰫһͷĲζ
Ѱ룬ȻǴ˲һĸо
ΪԪˣٱһٺ󣬻Ѻ׳٣۾ŴУмܰ쵽
ѰҪ˵ݳĵӵλãֻҪɹƱؽٶԪ𶯣
һ룬ܡ
ѾȥԪΪѰ

˹Уʱ䣬ָ
죬һֱԪɽϣǰ֣Ӱ
ԾŴĺĵӡ洫ӣҲһЩҪְĴеĴ˺ʹǶ˲١
ö˰
ȵھŷ崫ʱ򣬵׳۵ĳ棬һ
Ԫ缫󣬿Ⱥ嫵Ĵ硣
ŴڵĵطɢԪ粻ͬط
ŴĴ˽ԸԼҵУ㣬һͬһطʱ
ǵļУҲֻھоŷ۵شʢʱŻγʢ
ƣѰʦܵӰһһŹעǵھŷ塭㲻ʽĵطˡ
Ժ
ʦãǿĪҪ̫磬οѰʦҪȡԾʤܳΪĵӣһʧܡ¾͸Цˡ
ϺƳѡ
鷭˸ۣҪôû־˰ͲѰʦܣǿһô롣
˵ţѾһ޴ĵǰ
ܵ
ԪɽһŵһʱҲֻԴĿʱŻῪ
ѰеĿ˼עǰԪս̫࣬Ԫܵ
ʱܵܣӰ
ŴγһӪվڲͬҲԪոԪĴ˸һط
ǵִʱͿ֣ǬҲڣ˹ȥ
ףôҲˣ
̲סʣҲִ֪ܵѰȴû뵽Ҳǰս
ѰϾǵھŷ崫ˣ嶼ôˣñΪѰ
ڵ
˶һۣԻһЦ
ʱѰܵεӰţȻȫĿ
Ԫ̴˶ԣ֪Ѱ⻹ǵһμĿҲӺʹζ
Ԫ̣ȱľ
Ǹ磬Ԫһ洫ӣܵЩͬϹԲʮ㣡
ĵӣ͸ǿˡ
ŵ˵Ԫ̾һѵĵطһһǿһһ̬
һʱĿѰԵھŷġˡ
Ӵ˿̻ܵӰϣܿѰεܹע
⵱Ȼ˲ѰͬΪ洫ӵЩɫһЩĴˡ
һѰᵹҪǿ󵽺εȵز
ھŷڳ˸Ľɫ۳ɰܣƾһҲǰμӿ˵ĵϣͷѰɱȡ
ߣȡˣʧҲûʲôʧ
λɱСλѰʦܣֿеı֣ɿƾϸоûб۪ԶʦָǿĵУҪѰʦܣǲܵ顣
ΪѰǿŻڽôսߣֻһѰɫ˭ϡս
һ˽ڲͬ
ԴˣѰ޶ð㣬ܵ۹۱Ǳǹģɮ붨㣬ݡ
̨ϣ˴ο˵ׯʿɫϣֻĿżѰʱһ˿˿⡣
ӴŻҪԵĶ˭ɣ
ÿģ

ûãһۻĵ𣬳նʱһţѻȸ
Ҫʼˣ
̸ֹͣĿ⿴ܵ
һˣѰսҲζҪλֵսֻҪһûлΪĵӡ
λֽĺĵѡ
ֻǣڳҲ֪ԪŵλĴȥӦս
ڴʱׯʿڣڣ˿ʼһĴصӦս
˻һȫĿžķΧȻơ
صһλ棬츳˸ôʵһֱȾӾŴǰ֮У
û뵽ԪɳصսǲѰ˳ˡ
һ۪ԶʦֶǿĴڣѰҲ벻һԾͻ˼ֵĶְɣ
ЩȻУ͸ųԾ⡣
Ŀע£һӰƾճܵС
һɫŷټӲ罣ӰĽ棬һ֣һɿֲϢ֮
ԶԶһ罣ףâΪ֮ʧɫ
ص
һھŴҲƴľ۵棬һͺ̾Ľ뢣


2716 Խ
صһƾ֮С
һ̲üɫ΢ŵһԾɳصǲѰκλᣡ
ȻжѰھŷЩִɱϾѾʵԼµĴ˱ԣҲܲζ
ھŷ׶꣬γûиı䣿
飬һһϦ
Ѱ˿̱ԣҲġŷ۵ϣھŷЩα˴ѹġ
֣
ŭ
£Ȼ˹ָʹׯʿͣ»벻صȾ档

ԭǰΪѰȵھŷ崫ˣİţҲ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ΪβҪǰΪĵǰ򵥵飿ԶȻ
˸˵ʲôͱҶסλʦʦĪգԽԽ֤ǲСѰʦܣصȷͿ£ˣһӢעڴս
ɫһãصȸ뢡
ܵ
ŵһսصѰɫƽγսǷָʹȻѡôǾҪܵ׼
ƮƮһ仰˵صģҲ˵ЩĻָʹġ
ڳ˶ԣ仰Եú̶ܴˣصʦܵ׼Ѱĵ˵ŵĻ
ѰʦΪڴѹˣصЦƵᡣ
һ̡
ৣ
Ȼ֣һָӳûκοռֱӱȵѰš
һ翪ٵصеĵһƹ⣬׷£͸֮
Ѱָһ߽ɢǰ
óֶΣҪ˷ʱˣ㣬ԾҡȻڡ
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Уصʦֵʲôˣ
ϣ
صǰһð͸ĵȫ·޷Զ
ͷһƬ񷣬͵ƺڻơ
һɧң˶¶ɫʶصһ϶Ǿ춯أնɱţ
ʦܣ޵ལʶɱ꣬ģҪСһЩס䣬ľ顣
صȻڡ
˿ˣƺΪһ콣ںϣʹںϣ죬
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ͻȻ֮䣬һƬڰ
תΪ
ĪҪǿп̽Ǵལʶɱ꣡
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˶оһɴ̹ǵĽĻУصһնȻ赲޿ɱܣ޿
޴Ŀ־壬Уȥֵᱻһȫݿ壬ͷ־飡
һЩԳ֣ܵеΣЩ洫ûܵӰ졣
ٿصʱһЩﶼݲѡ
ལʶϵ裬ֱǰĵز
ʱѰҲоһƬģʲô޷ʲô޷סˡ
ⲢغڰˣǶԷĽϢɱԼһий٣ڣۣǣ࣬⡣
֪ںδ֪Լ
һɷʤ
ޱߵĺڰ֮Уص쳹
Ϣأһ⣬Ժڰʱ䲻ˣռҲˡҲˣΨһ⣬Ϊ㡣
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ΪһԼʱܺѾֱ֮С
˵һİأһ꽣ʣɱΣʤǿֲ
ͬѱǵȽ񣬴ݿ־Ϊƾ׸Ķ
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䣡
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ޱߵĺڰһһʧ
ڵ⣬Ѱ֮ǰһɲ˺εա
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Ѱ
ľ֮·ġǰ֮ȻУҲ㶼ܱģ
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ɺܲ˼顣
ڣˡ
Ѱⲽա
ָ⣬һƽƣƮƮ̳
ȥ޻أ
ʩչ˽ѰҲһĨΥĻ
һսһ˫ںܶǰΪѰС
񣬵ٴʩչһʱǾ棬һİѱȫһ
һȥ޻أʦĵ۾Ԫʼľİ塣
һҲġ
Խ
УѰһƽ棬ƿԡ
һЩϹŶɫȴˣһ֮Եƽ棬Ϊ弫й¶һ˿
ԶصͫһɫҲһ䣬ʱ֮УȻһ⡣
͸ƥƣնľУ
䣡
صǰڣԴըһеͷ뷨Աޱߵľʹû׹޾ڰС
ľͬǿƥһ֮£ȴն߰˿飬ֳѵļ
˵Ȼ־Ұݣ˵ġ
ӵ⿴صܵ㣬վһɫȴϱ任ʱʹ࣬ʱȻʱ֡
ĽԲƵð⡣
Ѱһ˿ֲ
ص񣡡
أһһ޳ȣػɬĵڰصȹľ
죬صǲϱõɫƽȥ
ֻǣɫɷ͸亹͸и͸һľºͺ¡
ղһģ
޳ʱ֣صɣԼʹ˳٣׳Ϊһ
мžѻȸ
˶һĻ
һԾӿʼڣصΣһʩչĽѰ飬ڶʩչǿལʶɴ繦δܷɡ
Ѱʼֻһ֡
һͽص
˭޳صһλŴĵǰľҪԸͷ
ˡ
Ѱûٳ֣¶ԷľסҲ۪ԶһѺۺӰ⽫ӰԷ֤Ŀܣ
صɫȻһֲתȥ
ĳӿ
ڶԾ֮ǰǶΪصĳ֣ѰʹꪣнеڶԾϣ
ʵȴһεĶ⣬ݺݳϡ
Ѱֻƾһѹص
ǵȿֲܣþŴ崫˶Ϊ֮ɫ䣬ѰĿУƵشļɵ;ɡ


2717 ʼϲı
ظ
ѰһҲоޣҪǣһԾУѰӮʵ̫Ư

ֻϧصƳǹʹľҲ⣬޷޸ľ֤ϣ
а̾
ص̸϶ɺޣɺ޵ЩĻָʹ֮ˣ
뵽⣬һԶ޳ϼһһִ鷳̬صϵˮУ
Զ޳ɫ֪ΪصܷŭǷŭ顣
ׯʿε飬Ҫһ
޳Ŀؿׯʿ
ɫ粻Ҳû뵽ᷢ顭
޳ߣûص뿪ʧ֮ܵ⡣
׽һĻڳɫ΢
ԼصⳡԾ޳һƺҲڹУ
Ȼ
ôģעŲ޳ĵ̺ݣ
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ׯʿ
ܣݲ
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ٿĴˣһɲܾȺ
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С󣡡
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ഫŶ˵ǰоԵİ̤벻;ȴסˡ
ԭǣͻ֮·⣡
ԸٵȵȣѹУҲƾϡ
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ٴ˿ҲܹİųһЩߡ
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󣬲δ̶֣ǣĿѰӣ
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վڵ⣬ӭڳɵĿ⣬ȻοѾȷҲѰʦܵĶ֣ˣΪλҪٶһ٣
ж˲²͸˼̫ˡ
սȷǶԷ֣⣬һξŷ۵ĵڶϾͽԪոˣ˵ɵɣδҲ̫Ц
ׯʿ
ľϣš
ʶŭйͷˡ
ȴüȻô˵ҲֱԣҲ뿼ˣΪҵڶԳ棬Ϊڶ崫ˣȻֱӾܾ
лȻ
Ŀⶼ˵ڶ飬ҲЩֲɫϸ⣬ֻǽ뿼ˣɴû룬ɲҪôˡ
ƽѾ˵ˣٶ˵һЩҲ޷Ԫ̴֮СɫɹܲˣͷʱҲ޷ֿɹģ
˶٣ѰʦܵսĿãʵҲ۵ףɫǸռţҲʸΪĵӣȴ˲ͨˣЩֹδ̫˺ģ
쳹УþŴеӶͬƵƵͷ
ѰͬޣȷĲѡ
顢ׯʿɫѿˡ
ǿû뵽ʱ򡰷ˮֹϾܵɻŲ֪ٴһЩϹڰйעһС
ʱҶȥֹ⣿
ۼ⻹Ҫ˵ʲôׯʿ̲סȳ
ǿˣйԹߵĵطſ˵ĽУݹҽѹԪոã


2718 ƹ
ڳ쳹ׯʿɫ䡣
˭Щܻˡ
뽫ҽԪոãԣ¸¾ͽΪԪոˣǡǰȥϤһԪոĻ
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˵գﳤȥ
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Ƿʦ㣡
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ৣ
ĿⶼˣһӣӰݣɫͭ絶丫̰㣬Ϣɬۡ
ɵκĿ⿴ʱʹ֮УƿĲһˣһʱᱬĻɽ׺֮
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ĺսУۺ˭ս׺֮ȫҪҲӲϧֱӡ
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ھŷжһݣŭˡ
ɳһսҪĽɫȻңǾΣҲѰͨˣ
ǰص⣬Ʒ棬˵ԾŵĶ֣赲סŴκ洫ˣ
ǾŴĵӣҲȥ
һжѰһϣȫԪѰͨ˵Ļᣡ
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أҲڣԵھŷ壬ׯʿ
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ʱ˿̣ŷ崫˷ŭָʣׯʿǿʶ޷ƴĿ¾Լ
ׯʿŬԼ侲λյĿ˵ȷ˲״ţԻһĴ𸴣ڿѾλɢ˰ɡ
ȻǴʱ䣬ԴȡıƵĻᡣ
Ĵ𰸣ȴ޷ڳЩ⡣
ߣׯʿҵھŷһ𸴣Ͳˣ
ߣԵúܸգǿӲ֮
ԣǵھŷ˶ˣ
ȵھŷ崫˽Է׷׿ڡ
ֻ֣ǬһĻɫľȻһԲ
ɺȻûġ
ε鲻ֹغھŷ壬ϵԺŴÿ洫ӵĿ⣬ܾʹ֮
߷޴Ҳڡ
ׯʿ֪ǣο˾ԼİţԪİţ
ڰ˷ѩҲŷ
ҿ»ԪոһΪףһŵˣȴĴѹȥĻԪ̵δ棿
ͤĶҲ½
һʱ䣬һڴ뷢ѣׯʿƵ˷ͷ˼֮ϡ
ׯʿķʶ
û뵽̬ңٲȻѵ˲ɿصĵز
ĿⲻԶڶޱ飬ϲĬķɴֱӽͷŤȥ
λԴԹۣ
һ޳Ѵص뿪뿪ǰ˵ҪׯʿһĴ𸴡
һ̣ׯʿ˶ˡ


2719 
Ⱥ鼤ߣƶ
ׯʿձ
ѰԶԶһĻѾ֪ׯʿ϶Ҫˡ
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ִׯʿ֪
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ţƽӰƾո֣λ񵭣ĸ˿ȴ纣֮
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ƽһ仰Ѿ϶ׯʿ
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ׯʿɫ䣬ҪʲôһͳĮ
ٽƱ磬ֻܸص̷ȰĪĴңϴǣţŻһ
һλ᾵˳֣Ԫ󸱸
˵ʱׯʿɫȻε飬ȷĴԹޣڿΪѰ
ۼׯʿĵķŭҲƽϢ˲٣ƽ
һЩȴüĿ
˭ׯʿΪ𣬶Ƿƽ
ңԭׯʿǴһģȴʹ仯Щ΢ˡ
΢΢ףд͵ܷڣΪԪ˲ȻûʲôͣҲпͣͷٺɽܣ
ׯʿ˼ͷܣ
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ׯʿɫһ粻޲ýЩ˵춼סΪִ£ͷһᵽֱаζ裬Ҳܾš
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Ԫ̵ŷ̸շܵϵ飬ԸеĶǡ
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̸Ѱʱǵ鶼ܸӡ
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һĻɢ֮ǰĻӳֵģǷܵϵ顣
һо۵׵طȻ׳նάׯʿ˵׼ĻףΪβׯϹӦǧвŶԣʹֱ̫ˡ
ž
طԺװһƣ۵졣
Ŀ͸ŭ
ѵһѰֵܣȻվߡطֱ׳
ԱЦˣΪֵͲŹˣ
ֲԪ̵Ĵˣʲôأط
ĬˣЩͷۣ˵Ԫ̣˱ӹأùأҲ˿ڹ֮ϡ
˶٣Բأȴڹ֮ϵʵ̤ʹأ亦
ׯʿΪùѹѰɵͷҲֻǸƷ
Ϊݹ֮ϣɵαҲֻȥͷӡ
˵⣬ʵСţãαǷѾڹ֮ˣ


2720 
ط˼⣬˵ΪԪݣҲ޷Ԫ̹֮ϣ
û㡣
طεЩôģô֪Ҳôȣֻ֪Ԫһ仰ƽϢ£˭ҲҲӡ
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˶٣ڣԪڻңͲʰˡ
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ô˵ѰԺ󻹻ˣ
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ĬƬ̣ѰǰѺõúˣԪڵ󼲺Ͷòã˵Լ֡
˶٣Űɣ̤㲻֮ͽһöӵݣɿԺЩϼһĶߡ
طһʶԼλ澹˿Ѱ

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ϲѰʦܣ˳ΪǵھŷĴˣ
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Ѱı֣ȫҲЩھŷ崫ǰüͷ
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ѰҶˡ
峺һ仰ѰȻֲ֮࣬ӿΥϤС
Щ꣬½ƴ壬ڹŻǿչŵϣÿֱӵرʾˡ
һ㶼ûټѰʱļûϲãԽԽѰϲá
Ϊ
ڲͬ
ЩҿɰѼ˲ٺóԵģԵȡ
Ѱ˷ϲãҲ֪Ԫͥһ֣ܻʲô
츣صĽȫһԨг
һ˲һεȻ
Ѱһڴǧսʱ㽫ʦռԨʱܵ赲
š
Ϊڣ򻯽Ĳ̽
Ȼصӿֵͬʱ֮ӳһͼ㣬ε⡣
ˣ
ѰһЦ׷ɡ
һۣͽĿ⿴ѰɾԵأ
Ѱڵʱ򣬾ٲؼ顣
˵飬ֻҪѰڣͺá
ѰһӣָĿζγǰ
ӲһѰˣϥأרĵؿʼԸǰʳٶȲ죬Եȴ졣
ѰЦеԱ߿ţһΪЩʳĶúͻ
һʱҲӲ飬ΪദĹ⾰Ѿ˳С
ѰҲûע⵽Ƕ츣⣬֪ʱһͷƤëѩỬĴèȻ֣ǡ
һ̵ͫŻɬĪĹ⡣
ԣкܶ࣬㹻Ϻܾá
ڣѰᣬ͸ųζ
Уʮ޸ϵѳ޸Ϣ档
俴еõʲôôѾѰˡ
ֻҪͺá
Ҳˣ⡢Ⱦơ
ԨͻȻһѰһʶ˭
ʦҲˣѰϲ
ʲôӣ


2721 ԰èΪ
ؾ⣬վҵġõ֮ᴩţ˴
ѰԨЩһֱûһ㶯
ʱվˡ
Ѱվ߾ֱϥأѰľƺ«ץһ͵Ⱦʹ
վͷңģģǺ㡣
ѰϸһڷģվϵҲϣֻɻجľڡ
ɻؿ˿վһۣûʡ
Ѱȴ͵пվʦ塣
΢΢ͷͼڸɫʳС
ʦ壬ɻǵңѰ̽
ؾ⣬վݵػָǺ͵Уչ¶ֲޱߵܣɱЩƨ
ʱ龰ѰҲһ
ֻǣʧǣվԹԵغȾƳ⣬Ͳ
ѰһѶվľƺ«ʦ壬治ǵˣҽӳдߡ
ȾƣҪȾơվˣҪƺ«
شҵ⣬Ҿ͸ƺȡѰ
վĿѰһ£ֻȴȻҿɲ֪˭Ȼߵģһ᲻ҺȾơ
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ΪǷ֮ȴŵǶһӵԺֻҪ̤㲻;עӴİء
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èԲ򵥣˴ǰҲֻΪ˳ԳԺȺȣֻѰȴ²͸ԷΪζ

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Ѱ΢΢һȻС
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ܹڰͷƻ֮ˣҲעѰ֮
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Ѱͫ΢УǷѣ޷ƽô꣬èǵһʶӵĴڣ
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èϣˣû˲ߣһΡɾѱᱻ˲
Ѱɫ΢䣬ʶԼԨųʱԪķӦĶԿƻԪ򣬿ⷴı仯ȴ˴èע⡣
ˣŻᱻ
лǰѡѰֻǣ֪ǰ䣬֪ܷ֮
èҡͷԺ˵ɣԭֻ̤ϲ;󣬱Ż㣬ֻһ⡣
˵ţ壬˿վϵԴվȥ
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Ѱһɻ󣬻ûأĸöԷˡ
ֻһ̣èƾʧۼϢû¡
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ڴʱèǵͳϵѰͷ𣺡뾡Ԫ𣬾ȡᣬǰԪոС
Ԫո󣿡Ѱٸ⡣
޶ۣΪԪո󸱸ͬҲȥԪ֮λڽԪԪոܹĻᡣèٶѰС
ѰŻȻ


2722 
è뿪ˡ
Ѱ˼
èĳ֣⣬Ҳ֮С
Կ϶ǣڽԪ̵ĵֿУһμԼʱèʶԼݡ
֪ԼӵҲ֪ԼǰԪ̵ĿΪ˳ΪԪ
Կ϶ֻпǷɽǰ߶Էġ
ʦҲڹ
Ϊ֪дèڣʦ¸ȥׯһ壬ϣƾ赱Ķȥõׯʿİ
ֻǣè˭
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ԪոԼţ
УλһɿϹԼֻʣһԪ񡭡
ͿվʦһͬҲƫִ·ľִ⣬䵽ǻجĵز
ңè߻ԼԪոС
һУѰòɣԷλֻʣһԪԪո
ֻһ뵽һλԪͥжƵ߾ͷĴڣȴһֻ˶ĴèʱѰܸоֵֹġ
Ѱѹ˲ö룬èľˡ
ҲǴèĻʶԪͥԭųԽ֮ϵ
Ȼף
һ룬Ѱľһ
֪ǵڰʮͷУƺҲûƿȴ˵ֻڵھŴڵ
Ѱûе飬վ°Ԩ
Ԫ̣ȻҲ뿪ԨˣûıӻµһʱͻᱻԪ
֮£Ѱܸ˵ġ
վʦҲ֪˺ʹèйصһЩϢЩ£͵һף

һ
ѰԼջõµƣٴ챦
ףѰ
һˣ
òֳʲô䶯Ĵ°ɣ
вӰڣѰʱ¶֮ɫ翴һͷˮ޳˽Ƶġ
Ѱɲ֪Ԫͥе죬޿ɱȼ硣
Ϊõ۪ԶصλܳĴ˵ĵĳѺۡ
ΪԪ˳ܷ˼һꡣ
ҲΪԪִׯʿȨ˼꣡
Щ䶯£ڶ̶̲ڷ˭ܺѰĴڣ
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ΣѰ׳ˡ
ʱ챦һʱעĿ⡣
Ԫ˻Ѱʦܣ֪ʦǰΪ£
һԳƻԪӭӣЦݿף̬ȺܺãЩ㷣ΨѰڳʲô¡
ѰֵʦˣҴ뿴һǷʺҵ񡣡
ʱظƵİɿЦʦܸ
Ѱ쵽䲼︡žĻֱһǵǾ
һ࣬廨ţǣޡֲȵȷ
ȻһõĽֻһǹܹһĺôҲ١
Ϊϡ٣Ҳʮ֡
˵ʦܣ֪һȽϸȤ˵ǷԼó飬ҵǿΪıһ
Ѱֱӵʦ֣ȡġ
ԭǾ񡭡
˵⣬͵ʶԣ۾Ȼ񣿡
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Ѱͷԡ
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ɱʵ൱پа֮ȡ࣬ɻһǹ
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ЩѰϤŵĵһʹӰп
ֻȴû뵽Щ񾹻ڣûбȡ
ѰɫʶλͷѰʦܣڿЦ
ѵʦܣ涨ֻɾ澳ĴȡЩûж˵ܹɹģҲУԴѵ񡣡
ѰһЩ
룬˵ʦܣȡҵǽһЩʦʦһִУĻɹĻͻܶࡣ
˰æѰٸ⡣
ǵȻ
Ц˰æҲͬһ磬ִܳˣõĹֻȡͷϡ
ԭˡ
Ѱ˵ţָǵھŵĻʦ֣ˡ
ЦһͣһŸɿȵʦܣһֻȡһܶ졣
ѰüǾȡɱа֮񡣡
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Ѱʣʦ־òף
Цˣа֮ƻײУǧвȡ񣬿һʧˡ
ԭǣаֵ֮а֮壬Ϊִپ󣬾ͲĻɱҲζţȻʦҪɱپа֮޼¡
ȻΪѰ֮ȡտԽɱﵡ
һʶ뷨
ΪԪͥÿ˶ӵرԽõӶɱʱвεĴڡ
پа֮һرɲó
ƾʵȥɱɲΪ澳Ѱپа֮Ķˡ
Ѱûôֱ࣬ӵʦ֣ɡ
ɫӵؿѰһۣˣҲٶȰ˵ǰͷɲҹƻʦȡѶȵġ
ѰЦŴӦ
ûãѰʹһܷ뿪챦
ʦ֣Ѱȡˣ
Ѱ뿪˾Χ׷׿ѯ
ţɱа֮񡣡
һӣ챦ը˹Ƶģӵ
ﲻݣѰʦǻ
һȥִо񣿻ɱа֮Ƿ𣿡
ո˵صʦֶѰʦһܣʲôģ
ɱа֮ɲһҿѰʦܴСҲֶ顣
йѰȡϢҲǺܿʹȥһʱҲһ
һЩﶼѰֱ̫˰ɣ
ھŷ֪ϢʱһͷۣŸ˵͵һЩһ·â
ãʱһվҪȥִо
СǴķָ췭ظŸģ
Ԫ۷׷ʱѰչж
ִƣѰ˳ͨһ޽ԪеĹŴ뿪
һ
ǺһƬҵ
һӰУ׺ƬĲͬ䡣
˵ЩйǧÿнͨһȻͬλ档
Ѱϵָ㣬ӣʹǻУҵһŻ
ͨŻɵִ磡


2723 а֮
硣
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ƬУֲʤԹꡢа顢Ѫħ
ļأʱ绹һƬʱеһ
Ϊ಻ķɱõƬѪɷ
ӻܻΪһʱؼѪȺɷݲ˥ߣɼԹꡢа顢Ѫħ֮壬µı仯ͳ硣
ৣ
ѰӰƾո֣ĿһɨͼؽԳ࣬ѪѪɫĴɽӣϣһſɺ˵ǳ
ء
һɷ紵񱩵ĿռһĿצԹѪɫ㣬ɰǧ飬һѰɱ
ǵȾ󣬾ӵгһȺ
Ѱ̽һӡ
ǧѪɫԹʱļУȻըһѪɢ
ѰڱŲǰС
ΣգأǾ۵ǰޱƣҲɥڴˡ
Ԫ̵ĴǷִ˽󣬱˽һٻٵȴıˡ
ԭǣ˽գȴһȻ֮أʺԪ̴ǰĥ
а֮ӵپʵ౻а֮ġǴ֮ȴĥľ
ʱֻ轫а֮ġǰߵľͻܵޱȿµϮͳճħ
߿ƾ־֮ԿնɱħԽ࣬ľͻᱻԽͺǿ
гһٲܡа֮ġĸʱҲζţӵȥ֤ľ
Ȼһа֮ͺûʲô𣬼ľ߻ħɵ
ԴˣѰҲĸȤ
ľĥ֮ǻɬ¡
УѰٶ̸Ͽ죬Ҳһǧɾ롣
һ·ϣҲǷƬؼֱа֮ĳѨɼԹꡢѪħа顭
ЩаϢ壬ǻۿԡ
Ǳ˴ɱ˴ɣԴǿӶʵϵɱ䣬б֮
ѰɱЩаûȤ
ţ
ûãѰʶͻȻһɱ
ʱֹĿңңһѪɫӡ
ãԪ̵ˡ
ѪɫӵײһɱҵĲܵš
䣡
һ̣ѰһץһǧɳѪɫӾһѪɫ㣬ץ
ǸɺԿݽߵĺӵףһѪɫӰѪƣûΣģ
һʱҪӣͱѰָ̽ץסൽǰ
а֮
ѰʣһͷѪħѪɷڣʵȵ۾ӵһЩǻۡ
ʮɷءѪħһ֡
·˵ط뿪Ѱ
ѪħҲӣԹԴ·
һʱ
гһ޳ǣ޳֮ƮʮɺǣÿһŴǶЯ޾ɷƺħĻһ㡣
ʮŴǣһصĴѭһɢŨѪɷϢĹһ޳ǲϼȡ
Ѱͫ΢УǾ޳иܵһΣ֮С
Ǿʮɷأа֮˳̾УѪɷң
Ѫħ¶Ľ֮ɫ
뿪ˡ
Ѱڵ
Ѫħתߣһ̶ͣ
ѰǾ޳ȥ
ʶɢ˲Ͳ׽Ǿ޳룬һɫ̳̳֮һħΰӰţӰǧ֮ߣһɺҫ۵Ĳ෨
ԼԼԱׯ֮У
а֮
Ѱһ˿â
ͬʱϥΰӰٿɺͫһѪɫհ㣬͸ŵĮ֮ɫ
Ԫ̴ˣһа֮ľǧУʮԪ̵ĴǰˣٵҲ˽УΪĽǱ࣬Ƕʧˣȴĺúõġ
а֮ڣأħڴġ
䣡
ѪɫͻȻǾ޳гӣǵأѰϯȥ
ѪɫУӿֳһħľ޴Ӱצ˻죬Ѱѹ
͵һΧӰɶ˻һգѪɫ飬ը
Ѱ̤˹ϵ䣬ѪɫɷԱǿ֮
ߣ
޳ĺɫ̳ϣа֮ߡ
ʱһֻ޴İ׹Ǵƾճ֣ĶСÿһָڽҫ۵Ĳ෨ѹȵըֲޱߡ
Ѱ͵һ˷ȻݣһɲĴԨ
¡
ԨͰ׹ǾײұŽɢضֳݵļ
ǰ׹ǾֱӲĥ
ֵܹ෨Ԫ̾ŴǰʮĺĴˣа֮͸žȡ
ѰüƺԪ̵˽Ⱑ
δᣬ޳ǳȥ
䣡
ʱѰߵϵÿһͷϾһƥϣ׼һɺǣһŴֱ˺ѡ
գۼ䣬ʮŻûɴǳͱ顣
ǵһĻ罣ն񷣡

а֮Ӱ֣ǧɸߣգĲӿٲֲͨ쳹ء
һƳѰ
ͬپεǿκε۾
ֻϧѰ
ЩУնɱ಻
䣡
ԨͶԷӲ
һ֮£ѰӰʮɣȴһƵȫ⣬
һĻа֮ԾЩԪ̴ˣӲУᶯһЩɱﵣܺԼ⡣
糬۾رȵȡ
ڣͷһһƾսܹԼӲĽɫ
ȥ
а֮ɱӿǰȻֳһӨѩָǣߴ糤ŹǣĵĲನ
һ֣ͳѰȥ
һָ֮£ֱҪ飬
ѰûͶԷӲףһ˲ضýͨӰһ˲а֮ǰ
ۣ
Ԩڣһڵٿնа֮ʿٰѪˮк

а֮ӦʱѱȡߣʹĴ쳹
㳯Ѱɱȥ
ѰĿܸᣬȡĵһʱȫŲƣԶȥ
¡
а֮˻׷ɽƬ̣ϢԾ˵ٶɢ󣬺ݺڴϣǧɵһѣѪɢؼ䡣
࣬һеĺģѰȡߣѲٴ䡣
ԶѰֹŤͷһĻʱɫ
پȣа֮սֶμֱɺͲҲԶپǿв
Ѱԣɱһаֱ޳ɾ͸С
ջĿ⣬ѰԨ
һɺ౻ѹУӵһħ磬ֳȺħ裬ʬɽѪйǺˡ
а֮ģ


2724 ɱ
а֮ģ뿪Ѱ׼뿪Ȼʲôԭ·ء
Ǿ޴ĿгǳǰѰʶɢӦãü
֮ǰսʱа֮һعָӦһ䲻׵Ĳ
ɴʱȴˡ
Ѱʶ̧ͷԶľ޳ǡ
ţ
ʶУһϤӰ˿ǳĺɫ̳֮ϣö
Ȼ֮ǰΪ·Ѫħ꣡
ֻˣѪħӣһȻҲ˳Ѱ
û뵽㾹ص֮Ҳȥˡ
Ѱ˵ţӰǾ޳УǺɫ̳ȥ
Ѫħɫһ粻а֮ģԻȥһһǹΪλҪ
Ѱ⣺ƺ˽Ԫ̣
ѪħޱԪ̴˲֪ٴΣ֪ЩϢײ
ѰŶһĿһɫ̳
˼̳һֻ죬ʲôƣȴɢаϢ
֮ǰа֮Ӵ˼̳Ϊ֮ء
һָ
ѰĿ¿Ѫħꡣ
ﲻܸ㣬뿪;뿪˽磬򣬾еƣҲȲ㡣
ѪħɫƽҲƽѰʱηģˡ
ѰѪħƬ̣Ҫ˵ʲô
ˣ̳У
Ѫħɫ΢䣬һӣǺɫ̳ײȻֳһŻ
Ѱٸ⣺ΪҪ㣿
ΪҪɱ㣡Ѫħ
ѰĿһ˭
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Ѫħ꽹
ãҾһΡ
˵ţѰǵŻС
̳·һؾֻ֮СŲǧɷΧ߰š¯齡֮ɾ
Ѱһ⡣
磬ε׶Ѫȵĵطɫ̳а֮ĵطɾ̳֮£ȴһŸɾؾ˭ܲ⣿
Ѱͱһͭ
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Ѫħվǣƺη壬ɫò
ûãһƿһɢźȻΰӰںɫ̳Ͽա
˶ڲӰߴòϣǣɢϢͽƬصѪɫɷɢһա
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Ѱһ𣬲㲻Լ۾
Ѫħ˵ҪɱԼˣѵ
أϲᣬѪħꡣ
ѾǰһȥѪħ꾴η
ˣ
ϲɫһ۳һɫޣݺݳѪħϣƤڵأʹ鴤
ϢŭѰʦս죬ұ˵أͼٽаֽ֮˭룬а֮Ķ֣սͽʱ
Ѫħʹ͵
еġѰʦܡ֣Ѱһ޷ƽˡ
ѵѪħ꣬Ԫһλʦ֣
ܣ
ϲɫʵһ۵棬ɱа֮ģ
뿴
Ѫħ꽫һָóһ㣬ʱӳֳѰ֮ǰɱа֮һĻĻ档
ͨ
һӣϲɫòǵǶ֮һһһλϹŶһλ񾳲ڡ
Ļ᲻֪ѰʩչģǴԨ츳һͨ
Ϊ࣬ǳ˵ڶͨ죿ӻǷ紫ˣԺĳɾעҪͨ¡
磬ϲٲԼģɫ価Ũɱ⣬ǿֲƣѹȵѪħ궼Ϣĸо
Ǹ
ϲһ뵽˺õĻᣬȴʧһӴѪħϣ۵û鴤嶼йѵļ
֪ʱܷŵ뿪
ۼϲҪȥѪħ겻ѯ
˱£ⱲҲ뿪ˣ
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ѰǵȺʱŸصѪħ̧꣬һףһƿ˹ȥһЩʥҩ
Ѫħ꽫ƿУҡͷûõģѾѪħ֮ҩҶԣǶҩ
͸ſɬʧ䡣
⾿ô£Ѱʡ
ѪħһĴ£Ŀ⿴ѰǰʱҾѵõϢ˵Ҫ˻ᣬɱУǹȺй¶Ϣ
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˵⣬ѪħɫˣҲˣţҲһᶯ֣ɱ
㲢δôҲ˵أһɱ١Ѱ
ѪħԳ֪ôˣΪԼ𣬴ͽǸʮĻˣµͷȴһ˿ϣ
ҰѰ
ѪħЦֻЦȴԵúܱ룬ףʱ뿪磬ֻҪЩ֪Ҷһ֮䣬һɢ
ѰѪħеıͺޣܷ˵˵飬ҿ԰ﵽ㡣
ѪħȻϣã˵Ҳ޷
׷֮ɫ
ܾǰҲԪ̴ˣӵа˵츳͵̣ڵУʵһڴҲƵϳ͡
ϲŵȡһԴ̤ϲ;
ǰǣԵģһЧϲ
䷴УûдӦ
ϲҲû˵ʲô
ɴʱĴͱˣʦֵǿʼִųŵԴҲøְ취˿ۡ
֪Լϲŭˡ
⡣
˭룬֪Ĵˣ֮⣬˶ڰģҪһЧϲ
ʶأȻѡ񽫴¸֮Ԫո
˭룬淢ϲĵ죬ϲû£ȴˡ
ϲԷ壬Ԫ磬УԶ֣Ǵ飬Ԫ룬˴˵أ
ʱͳеһѪħ
֪ЩѰҲȻѣΪԪ̴ˣͻȻʧԪ̾Ͳ̽ࣿ
ֻϲһˣȻôıһʱ˭֪ࣿ
Ѫħͳ
ЩҲвٴǰΪ㲻Ѱ⡣
ںǡ
Ѫħ˭֪Щ࣬ȥҷ֣֮㲻һΪҲЩϲҲҪɱ㣬˵صʲô
˽ЩѰʶԪͥڣԶǰƽиѪȡ
Ѫħ꣬ţϲһ˵Ϊ


2725 й
ĬƬ̣Ѱ㵱ȲԸϲۣͬȴΪҪǲ
ѪħһڵԪͥãڵķУҲΨһŲµˣϲҪЮ޷ӡ
ƽƽ֮ȴǳǵʹࡣ
Ѱһڵң޷ʲô̤ϲ;ʱԻΪϴˢԩ
ϲĵˣѪħ޷ᶨϲ˼
Ѫħϣ˰ɡ
Ĳұʲôϣ˵ǼѲϣ
ϲǵиĴ򣬵ǰԪոҷϲʱϲѡ
ΪϲȨҲ޷Ӱ쵽Ԫո
һж֤ϲǱΪĴϲֻһˡ
ʦմ
Ѱʡ
ѪħԱһʦ֡Ԫ̴˹޼ᣬѰʦܣ
Ѱ֣ػ
뿪ʱ޼ᶣʦܣԺִмǲҪһ˵ж򣬱ػ

Ԫ̡
Ԫ챦
Եú֣ȡҲڶһ
ʱͻȻһѰڴС
ţѰôͻˣò񡭡ʧˣ
ҲڣѰʱʱ¶֮ɫ
ΪѰȡڣŲһʱ䡣
ʶô˵ѰЩѿæʦܲ٣һ޷񣬾ͶҼһж
˵꣬ѰЦŴϣʦ뿴
һűӡġа֮ġڻǰ
⡭
ɴ۾һı顣
ɱа֮ľѾܶûȡԭ̫ˣʱ򣬲֪жٺĵӽս顣
˭뵽Ųһʱ䣬Ѱа֮Ĵˣ
һʱ䣬Ķ޷ƽ
ʱ챦Ҳв˿а֮ģ䶯
֮ǰ˭˵Ѱʦܴбذܵģվ
ѰʦҲ̫˰ɣа֮ɸرɱΰ쵽һģƾС
У˴ǰѰԴΪء
ʦܻǸһľϲ
ڽʵԼҲʹظѰһһǹ
һĻҲ۵Ŀ⡣
ǹ
е߽ܹлȡһЩԴ
˵ģһ裬һǹܶһʮ
ʲô
ĵһٺУҲֻǧﲻѡ
Ȼܹӵһǹ˭Ҳ᱿ȥһ裬ԪͥڣһЩκԴֻоǹܶһ
ʦ֣Ʋһ𡣡
Ѱ
һɢˣѰһ࣬ʦкָ̣
Ѱ̸ָϣֻһʦ֣ȡ񣬳ʦ֮⣬ܷһʱ
ɫ΢䣬ʶʲôʦܣĪǰжʲôۣ
Ѱһص·;ϣҼ˵ϲ
סѵϲ֡
û˵꣬Ͻ졣
ԪˣҲҺȥһλľٶ
ķӦһһ۵ףѰжϳϢǻй¶ϲ
ʦ֣㻹ûشҵ⡣Ѱѵ
Ŀɨһۣŷɿ촫ԪľֻҪȡͻᱻϲεĴһʱ֪ʦܣ䲻֪㾭ʲôҵǿԸѡ
Ѱһ񣬴ʦִͽ̣ʦұز˴ζ顣
Ԫгʮλɾ֪͵ϲ˽ģֻˣһǹ˴ϣһ۪۪ϣϲһԶ塣
Ѱʱᡣ
ɣй¶ϲϢģǹ˴۪еһ
Ҳ˽й¶ˣ
˵ʦܣٷʲôۣǲҪȡˡ
ѰЦЦлʦֹػҿɲŴġ
˵գתȥ
һѰԪЩΪʱȻˡ
λѰʦܣǸ´
صھŷԼĶ츣غѰ˼
ԭһȥϲľʱֻҪ޼˵¶ػԪ̵Ķ
ѰǣĲֹϲһˣһͱƣ̬ע᲻ɿأʱѱһЩ϶ǽһЩľٶ
ҪǣôĻΪһѪħĹ޼ᣬ»һʱѡ
޼һ޶֤ƾԼһԴǣ˭ţ
ֲԪ˵֣֮Ԫ̵ˮ룬ԴԪڲ󼲺ͶϲЩϻ˿¾Ԫ̵Ķˡ
Ѱ𵱳ԪԼѣԼһЩ
˰ԼĵһѵҪԪڲһЩȻбõĸоѰУȥѵ
ΪζţԼڳʲôʱЩ˻޲ðԼˣͬҲ˻ᱣԼ
򣬵ûˣʲôȥն
ϧҲֻǸӣǸĽɫ
Ѱ̾
ѰĿһüᶨ
Լ̤㲻֮·˭ҰԼһöӣ
ǼȥǰѵҲø㹻ĺôУ
ûٶ룬Ѱó迪ʼͻƲ֮ǰϣƾ֮ΪԼƾʱһЩᡣ

ѰһϢֶߣҲ˾ŴһЩ𶯡
Եھŷ崫˶ԣѰٲȻѳһĴڡ
̶̰ʱ䣬ԪڵķƣѰһ죬õھŷ嶼ƵƵ˹עٲǰǰʽ
һЩĴǰ̽ѰйصϢ
һЩʦ㣬ǺرʾϣѰʦһһд轻һ
һУҶЩʶֻҪѰڣԺĵھŷעԽԽ֡
һҲھŷ۵ף̾Ϣѣͷ۲ѣȻҲοѡ
Ͼ屻˿Ҫĵھŷ壬Ѿܾúܾòֹˡ
Ψ֣ǬϣһʱɫܳʹƢõھŷ崫Ψֶ֮
Ķ͵֣֪֣ǬΪλ˱ꡣ
ΪѰֵԽҫۣԽһֱųѰ֣ǬϱȻԽܡ
ѰûЩ
ҲûʱȥЩֻ뾡Դ˻ȡһԪոӵ
һ硣
ѰٴγԪ챦
ڻ㵵ıУȡһ
һƷɻһǹ
ѰƾһƷ򣬾ʲôˡ
ɻȴһ¡
ǿƷϵ
жٲӵƷ׵
Կ
οпûмأ


2726 нͼ
֮Ǿ񣬾ѵġ
ԪͥеĴˣһһͱ̬ܹһģȴָ
ɱа֮Ѱ֮ǰȡĴˣûһǵжġ
ȣһƷϵҪѡ
һΪΣա
ΪƷ׵̫ϡٺͺÿһͻȷѪꡣ
ؼǣУδƷ׵
ҲζţȡֻԼȥѰҡ
ŴմӾȡһ񣿡
Ԫһ츣У۪в⡣
Ѱȡĵһʱ䣬ͱ
εЩˡ
۪ʶҪϴǰǰֶԸѰǲܵ顣
Ϊ˭Ҳ޷ȷѰȥѰƷϵ
Ǵ뿪Ԫʱһ·׷ȥ
ֻĻױ¶ݡ
룬۪лǽϢһʱܺķʽ˳ȥ
塣
һϵĵУµϲӵ۪еϢ
ü󲻶ɫؽܺ𣬳ĬƬ̣ȥųԪĴ͹ѰټصһʱԡϬҡ
ǡ
һϴҴҶȥ

ѰȡڶҲŷһ顣
ѰʦôֻֿܣҪôΪǰɽĲഫУҪôΪ˳Ϊˣ
ϴӲȱˣۼѰ˿ȡ˵ڶ񣬶һЩ
ŵʷϣѰʦӦΪĵӵĴˣû֮һѵͬķʽΪӣ
һЩ˾̾
ѰʦΪ˾ͻƲ֮ĵ̺͵УӵͻƲǱܡ
һЩͬΪĵӵǲеѹ
ҲҪŬˣѰʦֵܱԽ׿ֻӳĵǸƽӹͲѵλһӻѰʦܵӰУ
˷Ȼ
ԣϲܾ䣡
һʱ䣬Ŵնˣഫ˶һ̿
ԪЩǶû뵽ΪѰһЩٶЩͬŶܴ̼һ㣬ʼܷͼǿ
⵱ȻǺ£
ֵǣȡ˵ڶѰδǰִ񣬶һֱԼĶ츣С
һ¹ȥ
һֱûһ㶯
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أû˹Ĵˡ
ڵھŷ塣
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ʱĴǣҪִҲҪͬǲīɽϺѰһС
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֪һֱڹһһ֮ǲīɽͬǵִʱΣա
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ѰҲЦˣ˾͹ˡ
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ѰһöóݸīɽһǰΪ׼һϼʮλмܵĵص㣬볤ϹĿ
īɽһݣпƵִھŷ壬Ѳ㵱ˡ
ѰͷԲṼ
еϢνķѼѪɽе伮һһɸѡΪľܹѰڶ
ɴ˿ɼУεȿѰ
죬Ѱͺīɽһ𣬽͹뿪Ԫ硣
뿪ĵһʱ䣬ϲͽӵϢֻǵ֪īɽͬѰһʱϲɫʱһ
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ϲзź⣬ͷͳѰݣ޷ʹīɽһλͬж
ĬƬ̣ϲ߳˴
ֻԸһѰյԴ´Ӧԡ
Ƕһīɽ
¾Ͳһܹġ

ǺһƬҵ
ǧӰУ׺ƬĲͬ䣬ÿнͨһȻͬλ档
ѰѰҵͨŻɱһͷа֮
ƬҵԪ̳
ɢеǧŻǺܾǰԪ̵ϹŶͨɡ
ЩŻλ棬λڵ͵ڰ֮Ľǿ֮С
ӵͬҲԵִɸ߿֮ϵĽǿգҪִǧλ棬ȴܡ
Ϊǽǿ̫嫣ֲŲ֪ٵλ档
ǧλ棬Ԫ̵һϹŶ̽ѰһһǳĵطͨЩλʱ
ǾʹӷԴ翪ʼѰΣ
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á
ѰʹӦ
ܿ죬ߵӰʧ
ʱһţҴʱȥ
īɽѰ㼣ҲǳһһλУһ·棬̸գȴΪࡣ
ÿһλ棬Լƴ󣬼зָ㣬ɵǰѰʱԸΥ
ЩܵĵطҪôѱ˽ȵǣǰеߡ
ҪôͲ
ѰһΡ
̫ϡټˣĿѰ٣Ŵʧ飬ѰɣȡľǷǸѡ
һ·ϵľѰ˲۽硣
ÿһλ棬Ųͬǧ˰̬½룬ܶ඼Ѱδšδ
һЩλ棬вٲεǿ߳С
ȻѰīɽͣҴҶҴҶȥδʲôۺա
˵Ѱƾīɽ񾳵ĵУЩλкˡ
һ·ϣīɽҲѰָ㣬Ѱǳ
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οīɽһλ˲֪ĲླϹ֮ͬУʦڲࡣ
һ졣
īɽѰӰбעĵھŸλС
ͼ
ϵ˻ʱ䣬˲ͼһСǡɽ
㿴Զǻ뵣գ֮״ӵ󣬿ɼǵطȻ
ȺɽϿգīɽƮҷңңָԶɫҲǸֳһĨϲɫ
µİ棬ƺڿһЩϣ
Ѱһ̧۳ǵطȥ


2727 Ǻ
Ⱥɽãã
ȺɽͷȴǻԣΣգֳһƬԭʼ
Ѱӱ
Ѱ£ڴ˿̿һЩϣ
ϼأͼƬɽ֪ж޵ǰ̽Ѱ
һ⣬ʧˡ
ɽ򣬳һƬ
ѰīɽԣȻɵЩ
ߣȥ
īɽȴ·
ſƬǻ֮أȻһ䣬һǰĺʱڡ
ǳк֪ô׹ڴ˵صģӣǳ¡
طϼǻԣȴɫžޱȵоŨˡ
еĻôʵ̫ˡ
ΪѰѰҪڴ̻һʱ䣬鼳ȡ˵о
ԭˣʱ֮ӯУƬݵبʱڣֳԭʼ󡣡
īɽʶƬһЩ⡣
ʱӰ죬õô˵رޱȹһǿջҪɢǺ
ѰݣҲƬصĲͬѰ
һɴ˵ؼܽһµĻ籾ԴˣǿԳô˻ᣬһɻ籾Դߢ
īɽ˵⣬Ѱһ
Ԫ챦еľУһǺͲߢ籾Դйأ
ˣ¾޷ȡƷϵܽ籾ԴߢҲͬһ񡭡
뵽⣬Ѱ˶
ϣϣϣ
ǰʱԶشһ춯صĽ֮
ûãһӳǵǴӺģöϬǡ
ٿǴŨɫǻ׳ԼԿǳںˮзӿ֣ɢ̹ǵ
һĻīɽ񾳲඼ԾƲⲻײһƷ׼ߣ
ѰȻ˵˻籾Դջһ
īɽЦ̤㲻֮ͻףһĻ籾ԴʱĵǺܼʱǡøʱһȻ籾ԴܻΪΣ䱾Դɾ֮һĴĻûжټֵˡ
Ѱľϲԭˡ
īɽЦݣѰҲ֣һжҪԼҰҲԣζţȡľʧܡ
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Ϸıǡ
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꣡
ûе飬ֱӳ֣һڴԨչ֣ɬļµϢ˵һûǴУ˻

ǳϢĺˮںʱغնиѺۡ
ѰûЩŴԨתɣֱҪƷңһصơ
䣡
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īɽԶԶؿһĻЩڴѰԺַʽƷ׵
Ҫ֪ǲ֣ҲҪرѹƣ򣬸ƷĶ֡
۳һӰŨҺ̬ǻ۶ɣѸһͷ飬ɢųʢĹ⻪
Ϣֲ֮Ƭض
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߶УԨ⣬ѹ̫ǿˣϢʮϵȫѹơ
ʣһԺʮͷȻǿǱѹϵȫ
飡
һ˲䣬Ǿȫ屬飬ûмס೤ʱ䣬屻
һɲǣָΨǻڷ
ԶһĻ۵׵īɽ
ɲ֪Ѱӵ򣬵ȴжϳѰִƵԨһֿѹƴ˵ر

ϿգѰһȣֱӽԨ˽ȥֱӵѹ
жʱκˣǻԹǺӿֲ֣򲨶ɽӴͷš
󡪡
꣡
һ绮նһǻĵӺԾϸ߿գҪֱߡ
Ԩͷſֲĵ⣬нѹ򶼻ͼڶڸ
ǰѾֹһΣѰ֡

һǻĵײҪ롣
ǣѹƣƾһڵҲͽͣܿͱѹƵ޷Ԩ
һڵȻǴ˵ı塣
⡭ԶīɽһΣ⧲֮С
ԭԤУѰҪ˵صҲøһЩۣһЩղɡ
˭룬ѣѰ׾ٵؽѹɴ䣬һǳɣַޱȡ
һ֪ǵһôˡ
õǺ׾Ʒɡ
īɽ
Ԫ̵ھŷĳϣ񾳴ڣȻٺ׾Ʒ
Ԫ̾ŴУÿ˶رһЩյر̺ͬ׾ƷΣ
ֻǣīɽ֮𾪣¾һӵк׾ƷرҪȥһƷʱҲܲѹˡ
紫˹Ȼ˿͸īɽòп
ͬʱѰѿǱĿƵͨףǻ磬ȻƣϢ
ˣƷϢǳ֮йأǳһ֣Ϊ
Уģ崿Ů˫ڣ͸ſ
Ʒ
ѰкݺһɫҪһ뼳ȡסҪƻƷס
˫Ӧ¶ĲõЦݡ
Сġ
ڴʱԶīɽƾնһץסѰ첲ŲƵһС
ͬʱ
ȻŽ죬ƶѹ֡
ţһɿµϢǵض£Ѱ̧ͷһҹŴЮţѹ£ֱߵĴ
һսһ٣ǵֲޱߣġ
ϸսʺѪ׭һ޴ͼڱ־
ʮԭʼɽ磬ڤ㲻࣬ŨʺѪɫΪ䱳ƽļµĹϢ
׽ͥġս
һɲīɽͫҲȻһ


2728 ½Ұ
׽ͥ
ѰҲһݡ
սܴ󣬱һţޱȵأǴӻʻһ籦
սϣмģŮȫÿһϬ϶еǳˡ
ŮϽһѪɱϣǿƶԵһʬɽѪİһǾѪϴĺݽɫ
Ҫ
īɽɫѰ
Ѱͷ
ǵһμ׽ͥĴˡ
׽ͥϣΪ𣬳Ŵһǿƥս
Ԫ̲һ׽ͥأŴнԺ͡йأءءġ
ǲ񷨣ɣ𱰣սΪ֮Ҫ
Ԫ̡У׽½硰Ұˡ
鿴磬˭޷׽̵ǿͿֲ
ĴͥУۼսҲ׽
սڴ֮ϡ
˵صһˡ
һƤ£ִò俪ڣĿңңԶѰīɽ
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ϼһܼ֡
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īɽȻҲ֪׽̴˵ıԣûмƽϣĿǽյĴգڵԪ̵ھŷ峤īɽ׽̵ѣ֪δģλѣ
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һӣЩ׽Ůʱ仯ŻȻ֮ɫҲһ˿ԾԾԵս⡣
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īɽȻ˭ʱС嶯ѪԣҲʲô¡
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ˣѰֺúýѵԷһҲá
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Ѱ˵ţĿƳһɽ
ɫһɳϣսʱԲҪ֣
ɽУīѾΣ
īɽƽֳܲãȻֳҲֹͲϡ
ɽŶһҲã֮ͥ䣬ѾܾûнйдˣȻڴҲݴɣԾԲö
ЦνֻǵλԪ̵ѿ»úѿ
ŮһЦ
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ƿڣһɱӯսìֳһ޹Ǵ󹭣Լȡһͭ
Žǣͫ׻ʮ֣Ӳ罣У絶ּҰʣһ߳
У
ݣ
һ֧ͭ˺ѳգһֹ׾֮һ޷赲ġơһӴ͸ǰ
Ĳ˼飬ҲԵޱߡ
ѰָһģȻͭʱƫƹ켣ѰӰһȥ
ˣ
Զһ޴ɽһУ飬ɷɻҡ
ףһе˼ȻԶһУͿ
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ͿɱԸԪ̴ˣΨѹ׽̵
ɱըѪ
ļλͬںȣΪź


2729 ɱ֮̽ȡ
գĵѤöĿʮ
Ϣֲܿ
ȴѰܣⲽƮ裬ɡ
һָһ

ҵײУ߰һҡΣ׹ա
ţѰǰУ۷ɣָһԱ׼ػУŽĿĹ꣬ա
Ѱ𣬾ֱǰУԶͿ
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ͿǴ׽̴˶𣿿춯ɱУ
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ս˴ȣѰԼٿͿ
ͿһˣӦٶȼ죬ɱֶеĳǰң˹෺󣬱ɱ
Ѱ򵥵һȭ

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ৣ
սУѰٶȸ죬¡
飡
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ڴ˹УͿѪڣҪѰһŲסⱾһ衣
ֻǣѰεȰֲͿֻؿھʹͷǶˣѪǿʱҲܵ˵ʹ

Ϳҿͫеʮַżл죬նѰ
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սϻʣŮѪȵһĻĻ׹ߣĻ᲻εĶԶǰ򵥣

ۼѰҪ˳׽һֱԹ۵ɽ̲סһߡ


2730 
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ѰǰһһֻĲϴֶɢϢ֮ʢһϣܵΣϢ
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֮ǰĿͿɱһĻıŭֱ˶бΣʱҲ಻סˡ
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ɢɱ񷶼ҡҡ׹֮С
ɱҽ̴ˣܲŭ
ɽ䣬īɽӽҼ̣򣬽ʹע߲
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ǾͿǷ񽫴ӽˣ
ɽᡣ
û뵽׽ͥҲ䲻𡣡ѰЦ
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ڲԶѪɫսìɾһĲ෨ۣɴʱȴܵ׺Ĳݽ㣬ըѪɫꡣ
Զ䰾УԼţƥֻʣһԪ񣿡
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ܷ֮£ɽѪɫףŭ䰼룬ϼһ̤볬֮
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ΰӰδʹ֣͵һ˫ǰһӡȻĿı
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սȫӴܣһҫ۵ıȻ٣ݺѹȶ¡
䣡
սɺͼȴ˲ͱҵ÷顣

ۼսͽٵŭУ䰵Ӱڿն𣬽߾ȫ֮
СһĿֲ
˲䣬űѹǿĲͱҵóѺۣըѣѪ糤Ӱк
ǱӡҲʹɢλ׽̵ĵؼǱɱɣ
ಣ
ܿ죬սʧ
һУѰȻȴīɽ۵ףһ̾Щϧ
طನδɢ
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źĪҪ¡ΰӰ
īɽٸ⣺ΪΣ
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ΰӰ˵ţͻһɢ
·Ͳڹ
īɽվǣɫһ𲻶
ųһ̾ҲԶԿΨǿɺޣ


2731 Ԫ

ѰҲӿֹסɱ⡣
ȡһʱǹ޼ѣ¶֪ϲڰнв֡
ִеڶ񣬸ܵ׽ͥĽɱ
ԣƺݺѰܲŭ
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īɽĬƬ̺˵̤ϲ;ǿɾ͸ѶԸˡ
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īɽһ
ϣϹֿԪոѰʡ
ܾǰͰԼֻʣһԪ񣬵ϾǳѾԲڣһ˼ĵزдֻ֪ϹֻʣһԪ񣬵ȴ֪гĲ־ಢδɢһͨ
£ոУҲֻ踱֪
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á
Ѱչж
֮ǰֻ˵ǴеҪǴһɻ籾Դȡ

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īɽûмǴʼѰھŷ崫ˣѰԪһѰĿпʼġ
񣬲Ų꣬Ѱͽӵھŷ뿪ԣעá
Ѱӵȷ׿˫ԺɾҲעΪȻףѰǴǵھŷ߳ȥģԺٸߵĳɾͣҲǵھŷһԱ
īɽЦ˵
ɫ΢Цӣʵְֺޡ
죬ҶȵھŷҲ֪ѰҪ뿪ǰԪոе飬⧲֮С
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ദ꣬׾Թ϶֪䣬ѰҪԵھŷĴ˵ǰԪոҶ뵽
ӦǷ׷ţΪѰ
Ѱʹذһϯһʦֵǳ
īɽˣѰܳ
һ硣
Ѱ뿪˵ھŷ壬Ԫո
ִԽӴ
Ѱĵһ棬λᣬѪĴĵؼһ˿ЦݣҲ²ⲻѰҪԪոУ
ѰƵݹȥ񣺡ǡ
䲢֣ΪҲ˵ѰֻҪɵܲ³ѰҪʲô
Ԫո;ŷ岻һڴУҪеһЩְҪԪոУҪԵ𡣡
ף
Ѱͷ
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졣
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ǰѰһˡ
ѳΪԪոӡ
ٶ֮죬δ֮ȼߣ


2732 
Ԫո
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λֱ衢졢ơ
У졢ƷֱԵڰͷϺϡ
λ֮£оλϡ
£ʮλִ¡ʮλִ¡Լʮλӡ
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Ķ츣أΣ
ѰԪɽɽβȪľס
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佫һµƵݸѰƣԺÿµٺš
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ھŴУǺĵӣÿҲֻԼǰԪȡٺ
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Цݣˡ

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Ѱڶ츣ƺ֮ϣһŰ빣ϸŸʽʼȣĿ
Ԫոĵһ죬ȻҪһʦʦ㣬Ȼܺˣضĺþơ
ֻǣʱƣȴһӰҲû
һֱڵȴѰɫƽüȴ΢΢
񣬼ڣԪոеʮˣҷⷢѰ巢
ɵ񣬾Լһʱѳ˰ʱȴһǰԼѰҲеЩԾ
ʦĵɱҸܻӭһ࣬⿴ϯ˵ǲǸоջ𣿺ûӣ
ѰЦЦƵջ̸ϣԼģǱ˸ģʦ֮ǰ˵Ķԣͨⳡϯȷҿж˲ҡ
룬ôûöǵ㣬ҲһЩʦʦǲԸǻʶԸϾǰμϯЩ֪϶һЩ¶ˣǵĴбɡ
飬ܺԹĪˡ
ѰΪԼһƣһȻԸǻҲ޷ѡΪ飬ȻҲҵĵˡ
Цʦܣ֪ΪˣΪ㼴ѵԪУҲڲ֮ͬ
ѰȻʦ̧ˡ
ʣҪҪȣ
صˣγ֮⣬û˻
أһ͵Զ𣬾ͼһӰ̤ɫͭ絶丫̰㣬һʱᱬĻɽ֮׺֮
Ȼǵ崫Ʒ棡
Ѱʱ¶֮ɫһˣ
Ѱʦܣ˸˵ƷǺһԪո󣬲ĴҲ࣬䡣
ЦŽͣƷĵһҲ⡣
Ѱ׹ӭӹȥʦֿ롣
ƷӭѰʱɫͲ٣ͷʦܲؿ
Цŵ٩ƣͬĲؿ


2733 ɽ
ϯֻˣѰ빶ˡ
ͷ⡢ƷΧһŰǰƽ̸
ֵҹɫǵ£ɽʣյҲǢԵá
ǧǰľŷ۵ϣеڶǧ̤벻;ĻᣬԱס
Ϊ־ߡ
ƷھŷҲΪݣսҪӰ㣬
Ԫ̴кպľͽ
ֻڽԪո󣬴Щȣų⣬䲻ӰУվʹ졣
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УһܳУ飬ǧ֮ڣÿһϣԳ񲯡ƤȵƷ
ѰһĻʱҲۻ֮С
ɽһ伮һʮǧٶʮ֣е;ϵĸַţˣޡֲȵؼʹС
ҹһ˵ţһߴѰȥ
ֱͷȻһյͭţŶ룬ھһؾ֮أ
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ڴʱҹһͷͭŻǰͣٽŲ֮󣬾ǵھŵҪĵĲഫУͲС
ѰȻ̧ͷ


2734 Ԫ֮
ͭŽգϱ׭صƣĲڴűƣء
ھŵеĲഫУԪ֮飬Ǻܾǰŵʦ
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Ԫ֮飡
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Ҳ֪;ĴУΪǣĵ;һ㽫ԼΪ޵Ҳ޷вʲô
ҹԪ֮鲻һصһֶԲ;ͱ仯κ˿Իͬĸܺ򡣡
УǰļԪ֮˲Ӳлõİȴ˶졣
һЩһ򡣡
˲ãҲһ񡣡
ףԪ֮˵һֲഫУ˵һֶԲ;Ĳйزܸ٣޿ԾͲοĴзš
⣬Ѱˡ
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񹂴ںΪһͻ޼񹂡
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״˶֪ѰǴΪ;׼
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ѰߣȻ޷Ѱȥ;
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Ȼûãһֲ֮³쳹Ѱĵļϲöʱĺ;ȡ


2735 ˺
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ʧһĩհĺƽУ
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Ԫڷ˺ܶ飬ӿѰȥ
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ҹһʶԷʦģ
ΪԪո󸱸ִ֮£ƽϴ£ǾԼޱȣһԪܹ⡣
ҿԸһĹµĻᣬòҪǰ
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ҹȻ̧ͷҵְɽǷ㣬Ҳⴳ˵أ
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ɫһĿ⿴һķ졣
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ҹԼоѰ;ޱ⣬⵽÷졢ЩһֱڰеĴﶼסˣֹһУ


2736 
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۾ҡмµĽҹһŲѡ
𣬾ͼһεӰӴ߳Ѱ
ֻǵѰĵһۣҹЩȻ
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Ѱ룬˵˵̫ˣ򵥶ԣҿһļԪ˲࣬תҲҸĵ;
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ϺڰĽԽԽŨѹ֣һڰĻסŵĹ
ؼĻϢҲԽԽֲЩ۵澳Ĵ˶òԶԶܿƬ
ΪȥӲڽʱܵɣ
ֻǣ˺ĶӿһĨɬһѰĲ٣Ϊ͵ǣȴһʱ˱ܣ˶Աȣǽʶ˺Ѱ֮ĲǶôԡ
ЩǴ˿Ҳ޷һ¶֮ɫ
ǶǶɹٵĹˣܾǰҲĳ棬һŴӽл
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ƽӺϹһۣ˴Ŀеľɫ
ٿ졢ơµˣһɫü⡣
ΪɽĳУĻ᲻Ѱϼŷ֮ĺ
᲻Ѱ̤ϵģһֻڴ˵еġ·
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£Ѱɽ٣ͬĽϢҲĲζɱ⡢⡢ŭ⽻֯ڡ
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Ŀ֮£ѻδ٣ѰӰȴնīصĽ֮¡
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ϢһգգΨִκһ˿ϸڡ
ͼѰ̧֣״ڤָ˹



2741 ̨

ƮƮ֡
һ𾪵Ŀע£ǽס
䣡
ʱľ죬ڳ˶Уǵĺݺһ޲ɫ䡣
ڽ֯һɫ֮ì
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ǽ׵ȷ֮ìϲԵĳͷһϵĴ־ֲó
Щﶼ
ǶɽʱɴӲĽ
䣡
֮ìͻأʧ
һ̣ͼѰ֮µľӰɫì̴ȻըѪ
ͻѪһĻó˺Ȼг

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ֻǣڳ˶ԣһͷˮΪǸͲף塣

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ܣǶһĪľ֮С
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ڶɽеõһɱ䣡
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֮Ŀֲɱʱ˵ǻ¶ȥԿ
Ϊ˽٣ƵʷǰŽδУǽѵǾ۵ȥԿ
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ഫ˶ʶ˳Զľ롣
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ȫǵ֪
ȳѰˣڴ˿̶ڴһΣѰ


2742 һּ
¡
ھŷ帽ӿֳɬڵֿǿֲ׽ٵ
ƬɽӷǱ촷۲ɡ
ɫĵ̨޷ɽз⣬ֲĽϢ¡¡ɢ
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˹٣˭˿ɿ⣿
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ÿһζΪѾÿһζ漣ֻ
÷Щﶼɫһ粻
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˵澳һˮĳӣǴ˿̵ĽѣһѾ޴㣬ˮصıݺ顣
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ƳΪ֮ϣϸߵĵ;
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֮ϣ½ǻУ۳һּ⣬̳ڽâɣԼֳԵĴ֣ϸȴʲôҲ
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ЩѰĴǣһƿĽ壬ͷ
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ʱ򣬾ŷЩ˶ѰĴ᧿Σٲ֮ǰǰ㡣
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һ̣ЩĴԷȻңǹ£
ȻҲ˳㷢һĵϲú졣
ͷѰվ
ҲʱΪ˸һЩѪˣ


2743 Ӧɿ
졢Ƶȴ½
Դ֮ζɷ·˵Ѱ˴ζɽٱɡ
ڳ˶޷ƽ

ڴ֤Ѱ֤ɲ˶ʧ䡣
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ʱЩһʵ־ɱѰܵʵе;ļɱ䣡
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֮ǰǣɶһѺ˲֪ٴΡ
ٿ졢ơ¡һڴɫһһӲѿ


2744 ö
Ѱɽٳɹˣ
ʵһζ⣬ݺݳڷЩϣۡ
֮ǰǻʹϧҪΪѰǻңúðᣬﻰⶼ·˵Ѱ˴αɡ
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2747 
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2749 ǧֺη
һ̵ѰɳΪԪĿĽɫ
Щӣɫ䶼дӡ
ڽԪո֮ǰΪ֮ǰѰֻھŴзâ¶ͷӰ첢
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2750 ˾֮
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2751 ȥλ֮
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2763 ʢὫ
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˵ʸָʹ磬Ѱͽ˵ʹ˵ĸоשƵġ
סһ۷죬üɫƽƽ֮ȴһĺ
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Ѱ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ɵĽЩΡ

죬Ԫոɴ飬ʹԪ£۵
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˶ʶֻ̿С£ףѰ̫죬ЩĴǸܵв
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Ժķͳͻ»ƵƵͿѰܷǰһδεػΪˡ
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˶٣⣬踱´ּ⣬˼ķ⡢ƷˡԼھŷ崫˻ľš߷崫С԰Իڽõͷš
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ǰõŵĴ࣬Ϊıȡ֤Դѡһ롣
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ھŷ壬̾
һ仰ҶľšϺƳȺĵӽ겻ѡ
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Զڣξŷ۵ǲƾԼȥɡ
ҲԣֻҪѰڣԺӵʲôݣϾҲǴǵھŷ߳˭˻Сǣ
ҶЦ˵
ң뵱ѰţѰΪִ
أ̸Ѱʱ伫üһĨԺԴпƿʵϲú͸˵޲ĵ뷨
ھŷ۵Ļǰһ죬ѰеõȷеϢ
ͥǲʹߣоˡ
ʮ֮һ죬һֳνλ൱Ԫ̸
ˣλλ൱Ԫеĳϡ
ʣλǡλ൱Ԫеִ¡
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һֺ֪֮ĻΪһ崿ɰڼŮ
һսչ¶ҫۿֲĹâֱ⺷ͰԵݣ޷ǽ壬ᱬǿ
򷴲ܴҲѰӡ̡


2764 
ٿʦԱߣעšְ
Ҳ˵ڳʦͥһԪִµĴ
㣬ѰҲȡ
˿ʦеĴ
⵱Ȼһ¡
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һ硣
Ԫ֮ء
źһϵĵӴ֮»ֱ֮
ؼ䣬ԼйϵĴ֮쳹
һֶУһƬڡ

һԪ֮̽Ԫ֮ƵĵǲߢŴ籾Դۺǧֲϴͨɡ
بÿǧ꣬ŷ۵ͻݣÿνӿֳһҫ۶Ŀĸ
ŷְЩǣʱŷ۵ҲдŹʣ
ʱŴϺʹˣγڵľŸС
һ࣬޽ۼ̨
ǹ̨̡׽̡ͥʹߣԼʮͷǲĴǣ̨
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ˣһЩԵ򶥼еϹŶǣÿһΪ֮ϡ
پĽɫҲУֻǵ׺ġ
ʹߺ͹ߵݣ˺֪Ԫÿǧһεľŷ۵Ӱε֮ʢ
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֪ѩʦѼʦǣѰʱɲ٣Цͺá
˵գһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
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2765 
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˭룬սһʼлգȫԸɱѹ̧ͷ
ʮͱ̿شһȭдＰʱ֣ͽл᳹׻ٵ
ĲҰܣԪµɫԲÿ
ɺ޵ǣ̿վ׺ͲмأԼҪսѰ
׽½Բ񡢲񷨡ء
һ㣬ֵ̿쾡¡
ʱɻ̡̡Լʮͷǿڣ̿ƣԪĿ
Ԫոĸִƺ߳
ɰˣǱ̿һȭ򱬵
ԪЩǵ涼Щ鲻ס
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˭òϣֲ̼̿Ϳ£ԶȺףƵеɫ
Ԫ̵ϷսҲעѰ֮
ȻʹҴǰѰˡ
֪ЩѰüԪִ¼ʮˣѡһԺ̿Ծģ
䳤̾㻹û׽бѰ̿ʱƣҲ˵̿׽̵һƣ£һֱ֣̿Բʹ뿪
˵⣬ɫᶨԪѾˣҲ̿ȥ
˵⣬Ѱ򣬵ѰԣǸѵĻᣬֻҪӮˣؿԪģԺĪô
ѰͲˣ
㷭ۣӮˣҰڳ
ѰʱЦˣŤͷһĳ˵ʦ㣬ҪҪһȥʶʶλ̿׵ͣ
ࣺġ


2766 

ؼպܳƣŴ崫˽ŭɫ
ЩǣüҲ͸
̨ϣ̡̡ʮͷصǿߣ˽˵Щʲô
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ڣҲѰڴģ
Ƿ졢뿴һĻ
Զ̨ϣһĿҲǿѰ
ͥơͥķҶ׽ͥĵؼͼԼʮͷеĴǣ¶һɫ
ɫȤ
ɫ䵭ɱ
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Ѱ٣ӦЩ
ѰǸȻֵʦͽҰɡ
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ͬʱĴѰ𣬡˽Ǵ˼ĵز֮ѶãѪ츳޼᲻ݵİԵ֮ͨսҪġ
˵գתȥ
ѰһЦ̧ۿϵ̿
һս
̿˹ָȳͱˡ
ѰУΪǽĿ⿴ԶĹս̨ĳһʣ˭սģվ򣬻֮̿ҿɾͲˡ
ȫһ㵡
̿һЦһѰȻ紫ǰ㽾ұ֤һ׽򱬣ǵúúø治ɣ
׺ᡣ
ѰûĿһֱŹ̨ûҲãĳͺú׽λ档
˵ţǰ
һȻ𣺡ܹʤҵָһ
к䶯ǳ֮ˣʮͷľңףһλĸӵپԲС
ɫУɺ멣ӢӲӲӣƼڡ
ڣѰ
ЦĿ֮£ĳȶ֮£㣬ñ̿Ѵˡ
Ѱóһ׼õ飬ӡҲ㲻ڡ
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üߣȹؼʱ򣬻ȽϷ飬ȥԪЦ󷽣
ơµҲһᣬѰҲ̫ˣ
ɸ˷ܺͼ鲻Խض˷Ѱ֤ླһĻĻ
ʱҲȻүһöҪһġ
ʱ˶Ϊˡ
ʵ֤Ѱôֻǲκһַںߣ


2767 
Ҳסˡ
ȳУǵĿע£ΪڵѰȴһĵҪ
þĶֹסӿŭ
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Ѱе飬Ȼڡ
ߣֱ뿪̨Ѱߣϰ˸ӡֱѰȰñ̿
Ѱ΢΢һЦָһ࣬Ǿվ⣬źöӡ
ۣ
һӣ֪Ц
ɻǿ԰ס
𣿡
ѰĿɨӹ̨ϣĥĥ󣬿ɱĳսĻᣡ
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ʱڳЩǶüѣӿ湻İ

һ
ߣ浱Լ޵ˣ
һʱ䣬ǹ̨ϣ½վһЩӰ̲סˡ
Ǽʮͷ߸
һĻһЩ˰ľѰ˰ѺΪ˿վЩˣһǺݲӣ̱̬֮
ֱͥУҲվһӰʱȫնžһ¡
һϮɫɮ£ģ㣬γ˳Ⱦ͸ſԲϡ
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̻ϯӣųоģΪ̽һپˣ
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˵ĴͥʮͷжϹﶼ϶պ󣬼Ҫ̡̳𡱵²
𣬷ֱǹȥ𡢽δҲһֳνְ൱Ԫ̵ĸ
Ҳ˵ӼԺġ𡱣
һµķڴ˿վҪȥӦսڳ˭˲
Ԫ˴˿жһ
ɣӵĳʶ򵥣ҲѰźõġ
ԴˣѰȴƻ벻⣬ֵһһӡȻȥǱŶӡ
һ仰ʱƻ˳ѹֵգ֪
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򣬾ŷ۵󣬾Ͳᷢôನۡ
ֱЩӦսһһӡѰ飬̿оˣ̫١
⻰⣬ɶ̿Щ˶ԣȴԵô̶֮һòΪлὫһһܰɣ

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δ䣬Ӱƾճϡ
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ʱѰʮľŷ崫ˣϢ΢΢Щ
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òپŷ崫۾ʹ񾪼£ǱϾǾ۵澳С
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Ѱԭزֱ̿ɱٿ֣̽һճȥͬ򵥺ʹֱ
飡
ȭֱཻײ֮ŷ񱩵
󣬾ͼ̿⿰ưԵһȭݺ飬Ʋɢ̿Ӱɳȥ
ȫһš
˵
̿İԵ׺˶ʶ֮ǰлᡢƺһһ򱬣ǿһͿ
ڣһȭͱˣ

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ȭУԼݡ³ٵȿֲ󣬸˵ĸоͷ·һȭ俪һٵɽ
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ۿɼ̿һȭݺɢұ䶼֮һը紩ƮɢѰɢӰܵŭγֱӱƷɳȥʮ֮վӰ
ɫһ׽ӣؾ֮ɫ
⣬Ǻ䶯֮һƬڵ
ʦܣ
̫ͣˣ͸
׳գ
Ԫ¶ܼԵظܵѰǿ
֮ǰ̿׺壬Ǽķŭﶼһüĸоˡ
ѩʦ˵ĲСʦԭǿˡ
ԶĳҲþȲѡ
̨ϣһڴǶ¶֮ɫս֮ǰǰƽ
Ѱݺ⣬;ҲͬѰֻжǿǲڣлȥԹĦ˽⡣
ϣ
У̿гһ˺ɫìվ񣬵һζñ
˶ʶ̿Ҫƴˣ
׽֮ˣҲಫ
䣡
һ̤棬һ˺ɺ磬һ̣йìͱ̶ԶȫͶ֮ì͸޿ƥаķâ
ྪ쳹ԶԶҲб̴Ŀ־С
һֲ̫
ǵȶԲ෨ƿغãﵽ˼ĵز

ͼѰԭزһճǺɫĹìȻ˺ѶĤľұ֮ŽĲ⽫Ƭû
䣡
繭ĺɫìղظƵģͬ̿һ𣬱һ֮Ӳɳȥ
̿пѪ
˶ɫ̿õεǿ󣬿ȴûܺѰٴα
˷ӦһֱԭصѰȻˡ
ৣ
̿վӰѰӰͻأ͵̽һץƿ̿ϵĵֵͷ
걬׷УѰָһ߬̿ǯס͵ؽԷֺݺڵϡ
飡
̿Ѫģǰֱðǣʹҳ鴤
йս߽Ŷеۡ
̫Եˣ


2768 
̿ݿ̫ˣ
սʼ½ȭһȭһȭǿ
ɽԱѰ赭д֮ˡ
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Ѱչ
Ǽֱݿ࣬޿ƥ֮ƿֵ̿Ϸ֮һٽ£
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˶ƾһִѰǰȻȫԸ̿ƺЩ̫ˡ
ᡭ׽̵ؼͼͫ
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Ѱֵ£սͲˡ
ͬΪپԣ
鲻ԽǸţѵв;
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衢ӺǵɫͲ٣͸
Ѱһʰ̿Ҳг˿ҼԪµ档
졢ƵܸӣԭҲΪ˸˵ģΪսѰҲ˲µûš
飡飡飡
УѰ̿׮Ƶģεȼ̺ǿ󣬿ȲûãͱҵƤѪ죬ͷ֪Ѷٸ
ǷɽѪˮ涼Ⱦ죬Ŀġ
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׽ɳһƣ֮ǰεţȫעѰֱӾͱŰ
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ò˵ȷһ鼫ǿĹ屦ѰӰҲһͣб赲ѹƵļ
һ̣ͼӰܵ𣬽֯ɻɬĪĲ񻷣Ӳǵѹ֮⡣
ͫһУǹɨָأ棬ķ裬պҰԵ
飡
ɲǼ䣬߼սһݿ֮ս񱩵ĻС
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ò˵Źܲ˼飬㣬ᵲǣþ׼ڲ֮ء
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춯صײУһŹǱӲ÷ɳȥҵҡκͱ֮
һţһĻ𺳣
𣡡
ɫ䣬߶һþŹ
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ס֣
ҡ
Ҫף
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ִƾŹǹֿȭѰ̫裡
ѰĿҡҡԪ̴Ǳߣ⡣
֮ǰۼɱ٣һʱȳ⣬ƱȾЩǶţ


2769 һ
ɫƽʵһ
ע⵽ѰڣԪ²ٿԼĿ⣬ŷŭʧ
Ȼ֮ǰվǳѰ˷ˡ
֣ղЩʧ̬ˡ

֮ǰѹ涨ȶԾֹɱˣڸѰ´ҲΪſǣʧ̬һ˵
쵭Ȼ
費ٶԡ
Ԫ˵ķӦǶԷղžٶĻ
Ѱƾ˴սµġ
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ѰһףƵĽ׵Ԫ׳ȥ
Ҽסˣ
һԹ޵ĻЮűѰ򱬵Ѫͱ뿪
䶯ͷˡ
ѰŰ̿ٱףһһǿƣһһӮƯҲòʣӮԪ໶ӵ
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ȴѰȻղ˵ʲôźöӣһһкϵĵУȥ
һ仰ȫ㵡
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ӣ쵱һҲðˣˣִָµϰӡġ
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һӣӦսߵˣɱ˵Ķˣ
ǹ̨ϵĴɫЩڡ
Ψ衢ӺЦǺǵģһֵļƣ˵ãжѿʼ㣬Ƚ֮ĻøѰıһЩʲôʹͺͽˡ
ֱ̫ΪԪⳤˣúؽһУ
Ǹ˭ˡ
ϣѰĿ⿴һӦսߡ
һӰ˵ӣۺñ˫һϸߡ
éԵڰìϡ
ѰǸ˭éһڣѵԼû֣һֱĿˣ
éϣ
Ԫ̴塣
éɫ֪ΪΪ֮çΪԡéĳ䡣
̹򶨣䣬˵Դǣȫ˶ס
˶޳ܡ
䣿Ѱʡ
ԣ䡣éӲͷƤѰĿⶢţЩ顣
Ѱһһ򣬵У¼һĻĻ͵ˡ
éһܻѰ䣬㾹Ҫȷʽңֱ̫
͵иӣһսֺη
ѰȻ
ȫɫ죬û뵽ѰôݣץסԷĳ̬ԺʱȥéΪһЦ
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éҧгݡ
˾ʹһȥ˷Һ˵ʱ䡣
ѰٿһۣĿ⿴һӦսߣ
Ǹ˭ֵˡ


2770 
éȻȥ
Ŀ֮£Ѱӣ޵ݡ
ѰϵǸӦսߣ˿ͷƤҲһ󷢽ɫ
ӣԵڰʮͷ֮һϣپԲУڴ˾ǧ֮ã̼ʵۺ
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2771 ת ĳɽ
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2772  
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ӵоһ֮ţʼСȭͷŻһƬƬţ˲Ϣ䣬绯һ嫵硣
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Ȼڤڤעֱҵ֪Ĵڣŷ֮;֮ͬ
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2773 ֮ 
ҫ۵ĹƮѰӰƾ㣬ɡ
Ŀⶼд𺳡
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˿̣졢ơµȳѰĴǣж㣬ŭͺ⡣
ܾǰ֮ͨشڰٴЩϵУڰֻŵ
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ٿطԪЩʹˣ˿ҲѰеġʲôԡ
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2774 
ǲҵģȫзѡ
ɣնк󣬶̫ˣ
ȡֵ˭
ԪӪУߡ
֮ǰʩչѾڴܣȴҪս
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̨ϣҶɫþò
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ӵһʩչʱ΢ЦһڴͨİأΪնѰС
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ڣһʩչ磬ȴѰһնУֱӦҶûκȥʦ
ܻȥָѰ̫ݣǷȫЦɡ
ϾͼնѰȣ
׽̡ʮͷȴĴǣɫҲܲ
֮еĳ֣ܴ̼
˵֮ǰ̤ϲ·ѰǶֻǱڵв֮еѰѾԱ롰СУ
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Ѱ̤ϲ·ͨĽͨɱϾپУسɳΪ񷽴֮ͨĴڡ
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ϣѰ򾣼λ
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λҴɫʱһ壬ҲһλʸϣƼߵĴڡ
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ˣλͬ⣬Ѱһ򻯵飬ʹö


2775 ս
λһ´Ӧ򻯵Ѱȫ䶯
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ѰյĹȫԪ̵ʷУǧҫأ
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˶ûоܾĻᡣ
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жһơ
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ŷ۵Ļ󣬱ͻһ칦磬ֻһε칦磬ѰٲȻΪ˽㡣
ڷ졢ЩѰĽɫԴƬ̾ϯȥ
һߣϯˡ
ϤϤԪǰƣѰȻ߲ܡ
ֱ賿һƴϯŽ
Ԫɽ
츣УѰغյľ˼
ŷ۵Ϊ޹أھŷ۵ЩǰĴķâָһˡ
׽̡̡ʮͷ
бҪ˻̽Լĵϸ
Ԥ뿪Ǳ»ὫԼ롰С֮С
ѰЩ
Ԫ̱ӻЩ
ΨһҪľǣԺһСĺͽ
յջѰЦˡ
ջ򻯵ͽ뼫սĻᣬƵ֮ϲ
Ҫǣ֮£Ԫ´˵֧ͬ֡
ģ


2776 дֲ
˼ʱѰһһ¡
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ǣоɳ׸׭ǿɽӡȹͼɢĺزɣϢ
Ѱһ㱡
֮ף
֮ͨžһԿףʹͭײϡ
ͭط֮ͨŻһصͼţһصУһǿպڶ
ѰУͼŸһڴԨ
Ѱף֮ҪԼǴԨѪѣ֮ͨһԿףܹ˹׿
ֻǣ¹ֹѰδ˹ףҲ˹ھʲô
ԭڣѰвṳ̂벻;
ѾپڵУԴ򿪴˹ס
ʱ֮ףѰ¹˵Ļ
˹㡯ʱ컯֮еõƾӵˡԨ񷡯Ƚ츳
ƾ˵츳ͬ컯֮뿪ڵ;Ͼһ·߸ͽչֳױȵĹâ۷ʱӵе֮ǿᣬõڰʮͷеɵ
˵֮׺֮йأҲǴӴУҵǰ·ͼʲôܣֻԼȥ̽ˡ

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ղһ˲ĸоϲǻþֲ̫ԤУǼƿ˹ףܻ޷ѣ
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Ѱһѵ˵ԼĵУԿ˹ף
ڴʱ
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ѰҪңҲҪߣ
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˭
Цζȵʱ֪ˡ
ѰЩΣǰΪηҪȵΪͻ֮أ
۵뼫սĥεȱҺͶӺǺòΪıһ㲻ϧ
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Ѱûе飬ת뿪
Щ϶Ƕ֮ͨ׺ʹԨ츳Ǵ컯֮еСڷ˼ϣʱȥ컯֮棬ǱЩ׷ɱɡ
ૣȹʱ䣬ȥҲٰ
ҡҡͷ
ǰԪһ⣬ȴһλһֱǱУµĸˣ


2777 
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УҪʱ䣬ȻˣҲ޷뿪
Ӻһܡ
Ѱʱһʱ;λʶԴѰǰ⼫սǰ
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֪Ѱ̤㲻;پΪڴ˾УٲȻͬ޵С
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ÿһսʹ㲻òھǱܣΨˣһԾУӵлܶԷĻᡣ
֣ܶԻһʱ䡣
ʱһµĶ־ͻӵе
Ѱ֪սܵĻʲô³Ϊӽ뼫սڣʮĳսͲܹ
ҲζţÿһսʤʱǱܽԱھһ֣ʵǿһ֣
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ԵľΪѱĥپԲز
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Ϊ޷ٽҪһֻ֣Ĳ෨򡭡
Ѱҵʱ䣬ȫͶ뵽ھǱС
һ죬Ųʮʱ
ѰԣһУκҸκһ˿ʱ䡣
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ѳܲסѹ
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֪䣬һʱȥ
ؼһĲһѰӰɢϢ֮ǿ󣬺һսеѰһޣ
Ǽսı̬֮
ֵսҲ޵ʵľ
ֻ޵ӵһʱھǱܣУӶڶսлȡһơ
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ৣ
Ѱһ֣ͱɱ
ϥѰȻӭȥ

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սУվһɱѰѪ죬飬ͷɢ
ˡ
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ÿһζսɱ֮󣬾ڶ̶һʱھǱܣʹսɱ䡣
һΣͶɱ˴սȫһһսҲɱüͲҡ
󣬻սиһЩУɱѰһץסᣬԷݺɱ
ĻѰ֪һսҪʱ

һѰӰƮȻء
֬ƿóеʮ²൤ſʼϥ
䣡
ʱһɿֲƴϳ𣬼֮ϡ
Բ˼ٶʧ˻ǰδеɣ̥ǵı仯㡣
һ̣ѰΪͻƣһپڣ
ǰ󲻹ʱ䣡
ڽ뼫ս֮ǰ軹Ʋ⣬ѰһͻپڣһĻҲ֪θ롣
Ѱ̰ظȫµľ˱仯Ҳϲú㡣
һʱ䣬̤پ񣬻һʱ䣬˾ڽ׶ΣͻٶȣԿƾף
Ѱǧ궼ܽΪһ̨ף˶ԱȣͿԿѰΪ֮Ѹ͡
һ
µľѰ֣ƾˣȴǺѰͻ֮ǰʵ൱սŸտʼãͱѰɱ
ڼսϰ뿪ʣңҪúðסȻˡ
Ѱϡ
չ涨Ҫڼսս꣬ʱ䲻ޡ
ǣ컯֮飬Ѱһֱ⼫սС

Ԫ󣬼սڡ
ѵȺǡ
ҿ϶Ѱܻڼսжһ졣
ǲ֪ΪǷͻˡ
˼ʱսڣһɬĲһεӰ߳ȻѰ
ֻǣѰĵһ죬ͫײһС
Ͱǰȣ˿̵ѰֱһˣһƼɱ⣬ӿؼ䣬ɱѹ֮ơ
ͷһǧľ伫ѹŷâǵȲɢϢ˸䣡
һƵɱѹϢͲˡ
ٿѰһǰǰ㵭ȻϢȻȻκһ˿˲ʵķâ
жʱʡ


2778  
û뵽㾹ڰͻˡ
辪̾
Ѱʱ䣬پڵУͻƵٶ̫ˡ
ңѰĵ;⣬ͬ趼ɣѰʱ֮սԺƹŽڴ˾죡
Ѱ΢Ц֣ǰˡ
ûи裬ǰ̤پڣµĥΪپԲļ
߰ɣҴȥһˡ
ЦЦѰת뿪

Ԫ
ء
ԼִѰһƺǡ
Ԫıչؾ֮أϼһչ񡭡аˡ
Ÿп
꣡
ѸЩ;ϵϼһԣҲһ¡
Ѱһ
Ļû˵λص͵Ԫ
Ԫ̣ԪαΪ֤㣬ڱչǰԼжθ֮λ
ԪոԼʱгִ⣬ֻʣһԪ
ԪڰһֱǱޣ£ڵҲû֪ڱչвʲô
ʱ֪ҪΪԼˣԪʱѰҲŨŨĺ档
صڣŻɬصĽ
ǰһȣϼһѾˡ
Եȡ
һʡɾ֣ȴĪϡ
跭˸ֹۣԽԽˡ
˿̵ģֱطһޡ
ѰоֵֹģȻ˰
ʱҾͺ϶ύһ𴳵ǿչŵһǿգһ
ӷ׷֮ɫСһֵͬͬܣٳٱ䣬Ҳĥʴ˵Ĺϵ
ЦЦȻһǺܲģСһ򲻷һеȤڣ˶
Ѱ⣬֪Ԫ֮䣬ꡣ
Σôȥ㻹ֻܲ
ʡɾٴȴѴŵ٩Ц⡣
ظĽʱɢ
һֱȥ
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ڣһƬ嫵ǿǳ̳Уѭ仯޾ǻԡ
ǿУһӰϥ
˼ΰһϮ£ɢòݾס
ת⣬Լɼһڵиֲ֣ޱߡ
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ЦУѴѰǿ룬һΰӰǰ
ѰǴ㵡𾪵ģȤ
ѰȻݣжȣɼٻ¶̬
ͬʱΰӰ΢΢̧ͷǺЦ紫ˣȻףϹѸ˵飬ܲ
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Ѱһ󷭹
ǰʱޱȺ棬һصԪʲôݣȴû뵽̫ۣ
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Ѱ֪߽ǿɾ֮ˡ
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սۡʥսۡѪڤʡٿյһ̫Ŵս¡
սǿչŵڰһ𣬵ڻڤеһβ㣬ս屡졣
ܾ֮ǰѰͼ̳ߵĽУȻλڽϵ裬ǺεȾޡ
ֻǣѰɸû뵽֪̫ۣԪԪ֮
ʱٳƺԷΪ̫ۣѲʡ
Ѱǰ
ãѰŻع񣬹أЩ
оͷ·ʱĽ֮ˣһζͷ
ؾࡣ
̫ЦŻ˻֣һӡ
Ѱע⵽̫ǰУһ˿˿ƽɵ̣ȴӡ
ԱߵڵϼһΪ̣ǿǳΪӣԼġ
̫ѽĿϣɫƶĬʲô
Ѱһȥӣȴֹ
˵ϵİأϼһһеȥ֪ⷴɡ
ѰͫһĬĬеĺ档
һƨһգ˵Сһǰ֮ã񡭡ƺҲûʲôó

Ѱظ׽һԼʶ̫ںͺĴн
޵֮ˣĵ
νɱףɱѡ
ҽ޴ǣ߻ħУľ⡣
̫Ѿô˰꣡
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ƿѰ˼ϼһﵱڵִ󣬾ͱԪ֮У¼ΪͽǰԪС
ãֱӾܾˣԪ֮ԼΪޣ֮ҪԪ֮ڴ֮һߵ͡
Ѱ˿רĶĵ̫ŵȻأ
Ԫ֮Ҳ֪ôģӦԼս
ɫ죬ϧ֮ϼһ̤㳬֮ɻǰԪֵ֮¡
Ȼϼһ͹ԹԸԪ֮Ԫ̣ʱ䣬Ԫûж֪ϼһбһԺҪٺԪ֮һܣֻӮ䣡
ѰһԼ³ˣ̫ǰͱչڴˣһֱڸԼͼӮ
ͷﵽڣˡ
ʤꡣ
̫εȾɾ޵һλڣΪԪ֮ڴ˿꣡
Ǻεȴ
Ѱĸ࣬Ԫ֮жֲ̫ǰҲҵһӮİ취
ʳ
Ц⣬Ԫеɻ̫¶ҸȷĴ𰸣ֻ˵Ԫ֤֮֮жߣ˭Ҳ֪
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Ѱһʣ̫ǰǺεȾ磿
ӣλУα⣬Ӧмϣ֤㣬ԼСľ⣬Ӧںܾ֮ǰ֤㡣
̫ϼһ
˵⣬εɱαԼŶһЩǰһ;
Ѱʱ


2779 
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ѰԣֻеھЩвֵܳľ硣
һ紫˵
񣬾һ㾳ǰ
һʱͱĽĿ
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㣬Ŀ޾˥٣ڼԪ㲻ࣿ
ڴʱָ̫ǰһ
ϢأƬУǳķλʱı䣬һɲǼĶתƣ˼䣡
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Ƭ̣ҡͷѡ
̧̫ͷ֤ܿ㣬ڱڳѾôꣿ
̾ôоھѵԼƵģСǰܸܲӣ
̫Ŀ⿴ѰϹѸ˵ˣǰ컯֮棿
Ѱͷ
̫ǵطвٹϵļԪżÿһԪżУԴǸԪĲ飬Գ֮Ϊ塯
壿ѰԾ
ڼԪǿȺڼԪдȻԳ֮Ϊ塣
̫Ǻ͵ھΨһڣĸԪ޷컯֮
֮԰컯֮һԪеļԪżͺñһηѺеģÿԪڸʱӴġ塯
ȻֻһʵϣÿһԪżԿһ嫵Ĵ磬ܾеġ塯Ҳͽǰ㴦
УΪǼԪż١
̫׷֮ɫܾǰꡢٿաȵһǰ컯֮̽ѰԵнһмԪżУǵطֱ紫˵е񼣰㣬ܾеġ塯Ҫ͵ھһ㾳ܡ
Ѱ𾪣û뵽컯֮澹˲˼顣
ԪżԪ塭
һжԵǰ˼
̫˼컯֮еļԪżж٣û֪Կ϶ǣÿһԪżУԴһмգҲлԵ
ҪǰòҪȥЩԪżеġ塯򣬿¾޷߳
ȻãҲԴеõ벻Ĵ컯
뵱꣬ҲǴһԪУõһ׮컯Ӷʵеͻơ
⣬һ趼ЩĶʵǵطǷӵк֤컯
̫֤㣬ƾԵͿʵ֣ΨԼȥĥͲ򡣡
ȴͬ⣬ھУɲ˶һֻԺ֤;֮ϣҿ֤˵лԵ֮ؿ°빦
̫̾һֱ룬ǿһֱ޷㾳ż
ЦǾƾˡ
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Сѣɷһۣ
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Ѱһ𵱳˹׿һ˿϶ʱܵĿ־֮УͷӦȴ֪Ǻε
Ҳǰϸ꣬ɻΪҸӦ
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Ѱʶ̽ԨйͨܵʲôֲϢ뾪š
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ˣ
ܿ죬ѰѪڣĺ֮ҲӳѰϢ
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ѰɫȻһ䣬ëȻϤ־һֻδ֣ݺ߬סҪϢ
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ؼʱָ̣̫֣һһƬƮѰӰԡС
ͬʱһӣµĽӿ֣֮ȫС
Ѱþȵˮ֮˰㣬µĿ־оɢ
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ֻǺϴȣҪ侲ࡣ
ģһֱڡѰ
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ģڡ
̫ʡɾ͸İ
Ѱ˵ͷһưͼţƶǺزãͭ׸ǡ
һ硢硢硭
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ǿ翵ȴƳֲޱߵܵĽŶþҲбļ
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ȻŹ׸һ㱻ƿĻɬҲԽԽ࣬㲻Ϸͼ
̫ɫ򽥽жǲǽһȫתѹסǵȿֲ
ɺȻҲʼóˡ
⿴һ趼ľѣޱ̫̫㾳УȫȥѹǹڵĹֲ̫ˡ
ֱ׸Ǵ֮һʱѰԼãǹڷһƬҹĺڰ磬֮嫺͹ޱ
һƬļµĺڰУһ޳ӰƯУ֡
ɼޱģʣɵѰӰĵһʱ䣬ʱ׻Ƶģɴ۾
ɫ䣬ţ


2780 ˺
Ѱסˡ
ľӿ޷

һƯڹںڰе޳ӰģһޣģʣѰĿϲ

ŬԼ侲۾ȥ
ãſҹĺڰУһԼ޳ӰƯһ
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ģһ㣬ĲӵС
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Ѱһ
һУǷ̫ǰ˵
ڴʱ迪˵һɣ˵ôӦΪ˱ܻ


2781 ϴճ
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˵ţһֳһƣҵ־ȥȵ컯֮棬Σգƾе־ѣҲԳŴƣǰڤżֻҪƴ߶˵һʱ
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ԥһ£Ѱʵ
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¹½ңѰ֣֮Ҳͭеõ컯֮
ʱѰͻɣճµǿߣܾǳٿա
ʵϣ¹ʱߵȷ˵ͭнģԳƷɵĳٿգ
Ѱ컯֮ڷֲԪżäĿȥѰң֪Ҫʲôʱҵ丸ĸ֮ء
֪ܵٿյ䣬֪ĸȷλá

̫зɫҵ磬Ǿûм棬ΪͻȻ
Ѱԭί˵
̫ʱƵģȻȥ컯֮棬Ҳڲ̽Ԫ𱳺ĺ֡
ʲô˼
һÿһμԪıѵ飿
̫ʲôʱ㾳ˡ
ûأڵļһл˵Ӧ
̫ΪȻѰ˵ٿղһˣ˵Ԫʶ꣬˵ʵҲ޷һˣΪϣʵ̫š
˵΢Сѣ񣬿˳ٿ֮⣬ճµ޵ߣ
Ѱһ˼Ƭ̣ҡͷûС
̫ʵգԭѰ⵱ϵ磬ȴûһϵȺڣͲú֣
ʶʲôǺιʣ
һȺķţ޵߶ԣ䡢ššԴнգһ˾ռߵϣȴ޷ƵȺᣬֻһֿܡ
̫Ϊ֪ȴײɵü
һ˿̾
ô˵ٿձȺҲ̫˰ɣ
趼һԾ
ȻԼϺε⣬ĸȺܹ֮
ҲΪգҴĪĸ͵̣ڱӻȺ
Ҳˣ֪աʱŻԾ
һж֤ٿյ䲻򵥡
̫˵ҪҵҲǰ׵飬֮ǰ˵컯֮棬Ļҵһ취ҵ
Ѱʱһ񣺡ǰͽ̡
̫óһȼԿһ¡ּ֣پƮݡ
ֻּһѰĿ⡣
һһر֮ȥȴͬ˴ѹȣ
֪ǳѾ࣬˲֪꣬ѰҲ̤ϲ;Ĵڡ
¡ʱȻһ˿𺳾η֮⡣
⡭
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̫׷֮ɫǳٿյƣ游Կ̣һ˵ϱʲôûУΨֱ࣬ʱͽҡ
֤㣬ÿÿʱҲЩ޷ƽʵּ̺Ϣ̫Ȼ
Ҳһ㣬Ҷ϶ٿյ游һλֲĴڣǿԿ̵ּУӡġơ
ľ磬޷ѰѰһּУӡ˲˼Ϣ
겻ѡ
ٿա
̫УҲһš
Ҳ̾Ͼ˲ãʵ˲á
Ѱλип̾ӣһ¡
˵ڹŻһĺ󣬳ٿպͽǰĩأ
ʱǳٿʶڵ˷
λǰȷصġѰҲ̾
ֹ֣ǳٿأʦ𷽴֮̾ߡĽޱȵء
㽫£ȵִ컯֮󣬾ϣٿ컯֮棬ػƵĴڡ
̫˵ţƵݸѰ
лǰ
ѰЩܳ
֮ǰ̫Žӡ־ԼֽٿҲԼɲһĴ
Цлʲôǿɶǿչŵʦ𷽴̫֮ʱĴܣʦΪǿչŵһ˶ּ̳ĽУѲˡ
̫ҲЦͷ
ǿչŵһ˶
Ѱૣλǰ˵ʦţֻ
֪
̫ҡͷ
ѰҲֻһʣûбʲôϣ
ʱǰ컯֮棿ʡ
ǿԣҴھȥ
Ѱٵʱˡ
˽֮еһЩ֪ǹ˾ʲôݡ
ңӵȥĸҲԸٵ顣
Ԫ뿪ػᱻ˲ɣϹ뿪Ԫ磬Ա֤֪ȥ
̫һϡ
Ͳͣ
費
̫һָǰ̣Ѳ
ͼϹɣѰߡ
ûһ仰ʹѰ뿪ء
ⷽɽһǣıĪҪ죿
ǿУ̫ϥǰĬ˼⡣


2782 İļԪ
߳ѰԵЩĬ
֮ǰ飬ʵ̫࣬Ҳ̫ĶǺء
û뵽Ԫص͵Ԫ̫
Ҳû뵽֮еܻǰأ˺ĹҲ˷롣
̫е컯֮棬Ѱе𺳡
ԪżֲУÿһԪżԴһнС塱ڡ
̫˼飡
ҲѰ汻еĸĸ
ҲǴʱѰףΪҪԼȥݼ̫ˡ
̫Ŀ֪컯֮澹˶Ԫż֪֮еĹغ
治һʱ䣿Уʸȥıȡִ֮λˡ·ϣʵ
ˣȴ컯֮淵أıְĽҲ١
Ѱҡͷ
˵ͷûٶ˵
߾ֱͨ͹뿪Ԫ硣
Ҵߡ
ճԪ磬һӡ
䣡
һѰӰʱʧ
յʱ
һͶɽ֮ϣѰӰƾո֡
컯֮Ī⣬׹Уҵһ־࣬£Σʱȶô׹̫ƣ֮ʱĪҪá
˵ţһɫ׹ݸѰѰܾ
Ѱдůġ
ϣĳж಻ʤɹպͶõˣҲ
ȥɣڻû˲ټץʱж
Ը
Ѱ˵ͷȡһ֧ľ
ϣ
Ѱתľڳһ磬޻͸żӳֳʵĹӰһһŵ⡣
컯֮
˽ͨ컯֮һԿףȫ߷˽ɵִ
ǰء
Ѱ˹֣һȫ֮߶컯֮
ˣ
ʱһĽӳֱؼ䷺ҫ۹ʱճϫ
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һ컯֮ʱУֲõڰЩ϶ǵǰۺʹѡ
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Ȼ֪ͨѺ󣬵ڰЩͷΪѰ֮ͨס컯֮ȵȱʱǺεȵɷѿġ
ĬĬƬ̺賹İ
δʲô⡣
ֻǣҪ뿪ʱԶȴһţпֲϢϯ
Цڰ϶ǹȻǲİϧһ
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ˡ
Ц
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˵գЦţнԶ
ӰʧһһϢֲޱߵӰͳһɽۣ¸Ӧ
ЩӰÿһгѾϢ
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޷ӦͲ׽κһ˿õϢ
϶֪ȥҪȥ̽̽Ŀڷ磿
ǽ£עй¶һ˿Ϣǡ
£Ϲ֤Ѿ꣬ڴ˾Բز齾ᣬĺҵȾһ֣Ҳϲ֮¡
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߰ɣûлǷ´λᣬȥԺչҪԪ̵ģô
ߡ
̸УЩϢֲޱߵӰƾʧ
ʼգûһۼ
ƸղŷһУǻþ㡣
һƬ£ĬĬӦãЦһ
֮ҪѰ뿪Ԫ̣ԭڣԪиǵ׽Ѱ뿪ʱĺۼϢ
ͨЩЩвѰȥ
粻һ
ûԪ̵Ҳע֪˴ȥ

ѰǰһƬ㱡
类קʱзɳۣͷ׹ĹŤãǿֲŲѰֿ
ֻ߬סе컯֮
Ҳ֪˶á
Ȼ䡪
䣡
һ쳹ѰֻǰһʹӰһᣬܿƵس·׹ȥ
һתѰʱѣӰȵжס
ӳҰģǸ֮һտĴգŹı֮ɫɢĹ⣬Ҳ̹ǰ㺮䣬Ե֮
ϣѩǣççɽӽװع
ëĴѩ׷ɣǡ
һƬ嫡׳ıѩ磬ڱǺеĺ⡣
ৣ
ѰӰأںİѩϣʶɢжϳԼһƬ˼ɽ
ƬصĴùŹ֡
Ѱ¶ɫ
̤۵조޷족֮ȥĸİԿɵһʱӦĹ
Ҳ˵ع޷谭޵ߵĵ;
ѰپڴڣȻҲЩ
ɴʱѩУȴܵһִؼɢǿҵų⡢ѹϢ
ͷ·ԼΪִ࣬Լĵ
ѵһԪż磿
Ѱ˼⣬Ԫ֮䣬עųͶԿ
ųͶԿ޵ϣͻѰ˿ٵ⡣
Ԫ˵أһּԪ磬򣬶ϲܻܵεųѹ
ȻѰתУϢų⡢ѹƵϢʱͲˡ
ĬĬƬ̺Ѱ컯ֽ֮һöԿš¡֣ȼ񣬹䡣
뿪Ѱܾӵĵط̽һ֮ںδ
ȻѰһƺߣӰס
ع⣡
ϢãֻҪתУطҪɱ㣬ֲޱȵѹ
ѰΪ޷ȥ⣡
ңѰǿҵԤУԼתУܻᱻƬ֮ǵĹɱ
Ѱֹڴѩ׷Уɫ𲻶
޷ΪζţƬİ磬һУҲͨûʲô
һѰٴνгԡ
תУͷųڵ۾Ϣ
ܿ죬ӰһҡΣѹòѪæϢ
۾ϢҲУͬѹƣ
Ѱģԡ
׼۾Ϣ
С
ʥҲУ
ѰͷųڳؾϢʱǵȿɲѹڱСࡣ
Ѱƶϣ̬ƣԼ½ѹƵپֻάϵʱҡ
ʱһעܲסǵعѹȡ
óۣѰһоɡ
һԪżһϵǷζţΨдУܲعѹƺų⣿
Ѱ
ϸԪɵͬļԪϵҲһ
ϸԪоͻΪϸͥǽ𵤡ڤˡɡɵȵȾ硣
˶ԱȣʱУһȫµôϵҲעһ
ϵǴعе
ϸԪϵ޵µĲãعеɵݳ
뵽⣬ѰԺжʱһĺð취


2783 
ѰϥĸӦ֮
һտո߹ңƮ̹ǵĺѩƮ
ϱѩããɽӲľԳֳϢ
أѰܵԪع򣬴
ΡĪ״ʲ˵
ÿһԪϵ
ϵĵ޵߶֪ܽᣬº󣬲һƣγһӴϵ
羳Ļ֡Դ򡢶ﱾʵ֪֮·ĶͲϵķ롣
һԣһԪĴ򣬽Կͳس
زʣΪۻ
仰Ƕԡ׼Ĳ
û˵ڴ֮£Ϊ֮ͨǷӣ
ľڣ޵߿ȥӶʵɱͽ
ӣϲתС
Բй˶ԣؼĴϢǺķѱʱ䣬Ҳܳɹ
ɶѰȵе˶ԣȥһȫİġҲ׾ٵ顣
ԭܼ򵥣䲻ͬ;ͬ顣
أΧһƳĴһεɫѰϻ۶ЩѰϢҲʼ
侳
ʱѰϾɢ麣εϢ
ʱϢúƴ󣬷Բǧ֮ص㣬ӵ
ԶѰ֮أһεɫ©㡣
ⲻ޵;
ѰڸӦƬصĹݳһȫµʽĵУһת
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ɢĴϢҲٱƬعѹȡ
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Ծ޵Ѱüͷһ壬Ȼӡ
ͼԶӰһϸܵƿǰѩããؼ䣬ԵúĿ
Ȼˣ
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˻֣ʶѰĵУֻɱ֮
ԱһɫīüǾֵǣ΢ĩУνƬģɴӲܴƤ´˵ء
ԭһΪܾǴ˵С塯Ҫ׽õߣͲ̫ˣܹӡ֮ǰĽɫĿô
һҡͷѡ
һʲ֪ˣ
ΨһһŮȻڣѩ׵ĳһ裬һ£ӰýϢ⺷
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ֱӳ֣ճѰץȥҪ¡
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ѰһۿߵΪţӰһƮƮͱܿһ
ߵʱһ㶣һǾСܿԼã
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Ѱ̾磬پڵĵУչ¶һ˿ϢСɫ
ڣէİعֻһ
ðʧ
Ϊ׵˵ؾͱ廮ΪκԽ룬Υ֪߱
Ѱҡͷ֪
а壿ĪǾһԪżе壿
װƾͿɻأ
ٶȳ֣֮ǰѰܿĲаʶγʱѶ
䣡
ͼ̽һץѩңһĿĴֳѰֶ¡
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׷Ůӵһʱѡ
ΣѰâһӰƾʧԭء
ৣ
һ
һѪͷ­׿նӵſʥУɫīߣе
ӵ˽Ȼһɫ䣬һǾСܹӵе
ڣܷú˵ˣ
ߵͷʬԱߣѰȻʵ
֮ǰõģǳپؾܵعѹҲ֧Űʱ
ɱ
ɳѰϣΪ׵Ӿû˿ԥһʱ䱩ɱһսìӶâǬ֮䡣
սѿȴʥεĽɫ
ͬʱǴӺͺ°׷ŮҲǰ߻ӶһӿսһںڰĳһϢԺܾˡ
һѰΧ
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һӣĺУӰɽѹݺݵɳȥ
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ֻǣδѰҲʳһѪգת˲ͱ
֮ǰһóپؾһٻˣȴ⵽عѹȣõҲΪˣѪѹ֮
һѰǰǺ°׷ŮӣһᣬſҲ̽꣬ԻǾܾҲ޷һֱƿ
˵꣬°׷ŮѾֲҴӦ
Ѱ˵ͷûгԷĵӺ
Ӻ
ѰѴ°׷ŮӵУõԼҪϢ
ĬƬ̺ʩչһط°׷ŮһнŴŮֱ뿪
󣬽Իʱ䣬ɡ
һѩǵɽڣѰǺ°׷Ů£߳ɽ˿ܣֱȥ
ķҡ
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ʱһɽǧĵ¡
Ѱڴ˿һĽ
ϧܹõֻ̫ܱͣܿ׼۲εĲ̽
Ѱϥأһ̾
عĲͬκ飬ܵ⡣
Ѱҡͷʼĸ
Ʋ⣬ڣʩչʥεعѹȣ
ٶһЩʱ䣬ǻָ׼ۡ۾Ҳ¡
ףʲôȱȱľʱ䣡


2784 ھŽ
Ǻ°׷ŮӵļУѰ˽⵽Ƭ硣
˽Ӵһ
޵߱ߡ
оֱһԪǾž󾳡оϾǾ˻ľż
ϣԼ˵е񾳡
˽⵽ЩоƣٽƬعĸ⣬ѰʱȻ
򣬴һԪоֱӦ侳־󾳽磬ϾӦپǾӦʥ˻ľӦ׼۾żӦ۾عء
ԴƵĻضӦ
˵е񾳣Ӧľ㾳
֣ѰĸȤ
ڵļԪļԪ䲻һоҲͬɶԵ;ͻ֣ȴ˱˴˶Ӧϣ
֤ѰжϣԪϵ򡭡
ЩԲһ޵߶Դ֪Լƿأȴ;ͬ飡
֮оʲô֣ףΪɱͽ
ҿԶòεʱͿԸ˽ֲĹʱڴ˽Уٲܵκε谭ͳ⡭
Ѱૡ
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ھŽռ﷽Բںܾǰ֮ءʶפɽӷ
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Ӻ°׷ŮӼУѰ֪ЩءھŽһĿġ
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ڴ޵ߣֻҪǰ򣬱ػھŽС
Ǵּ⣬һֱ
ں°׷ŮӵļУѰ˽⵽Լ֮⣬ûߡڵھŽ
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컯֮ԼھŽ˵ֱߵڣܷɴ
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մŮ䣬Ǵ˽統֮߰߳ġ񡱡
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˼ãѰҡҡͷޡ
컯֮Ŀ
һǾȻرĸĸ
Ǵ̽йص
飬Ȥ
ʱƣѰɢϢԽԽǿʢֳڽļżӳֳ׷ɵԹ꣬ס
¶ǣݱ

ѰϵϢѿʥΣ൱ڴǾС
Ҳ֪ڵʵʩչ׼۾ǵ۾ܵعѹȣ࡭
Ѱ˼⡣
ڴʱһϸ΢Ľ̸ȻڶĽд
һĽ紵ݶܹһʱ䲶׽ɷΧڵĶ
ûҵɱӥǵ֣
ûУƶϣֿ϶ھŽڸפѲ޵ӣǲܡ
ˣھŽͲκһ˿쳣ȴڽճѪ飬Īǡ֣߳
ϻѣΣҲҪǸ֣շƴ˵ִ֪ӥϢ˭ܳǵŭ𣿡
ж
̸ܿʧ
Ѱӿ
ɣУפڵھŽĴǲѲԼ
ңѾ֪һŮѶ
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ѰǺ°׷ŮӼеõϢӥǱɱӣԴеĴϡһ塣
УھŽһֱɷһפغͿܡ
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ȫֽǶܵĽ²һ顣
ܷӳʥóĽܣȻ֮ǰȫһˡ
ЩѰ´
Ԥ죬ͿԽʵӳ׼۾ˮ׼Ƭعѹơ
ֻǣҪ֮ǰǰȴǲˡ
ԭڣԽߣҪյĴؾԽºͻɬҪķѵʱȻԽ
Ѱ⡣
ʱʵ׻ָ۷ʱҲϲᳬһˡ
Ⲣ޵;ֻȥӦһİĹˡ
ɽһ
ڴѰȻ۾
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ͬһʱ䣬ڵǧ֮صĶֲܵĺ͵ؾҡΣܵĽƮ𲻿ظ
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ӹȻڴ˵أÿ
һĮĲ
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Ҳһ˲ѰӰƿն
ӣΪβˣ
Ѱһ棬һ쳹һɫսꪵͷϢǺӴ䣬ֲޱߡ

ѰƵӲɫսꪱþҡΣ֮䱬ҫ۴Ŀ
ͬʱѰӰŲƣԶԶ㡣
ſֵģһɫеߣ뷢죬һԽƣһӲӵսꪣƼ͡
߲ԶվԼĪʮǿߣһձУϢǿתѤöĿĵ⡣
ӣӥǷɱ
ɫ䣬ɱӯҰ
˶Ŀ⿴Ѱ

ѰɫƽɱңҲòɱ֮
һȵ۾һصĽɫУǿޱȣɶѰԡ
Щ꣬ѺܾöûĽɫˡ
ͲмǼҪ֪Ԫ£Ŀɶž澳У
ۼѰ̹Ȼسϣɫ࣬˫Ŀֱ𣬴ȵ
䣡
ӶɫսꪣŲɱƾˡ
Ѱ˲ܣԭأָӡһҡ

ֻʹɫսꪱòֶɣɫһ䣬УѰϵϢŲ˻ľΣȴӲǾżһصܲ˼顣
˼ʱмתɫսӰ㣬Ю꣬Ѱбɱ
ҿûʱϹš
Ѱü־ͽһӭɫսץס
̽һƿķ䲱߬סСƵı
һһżڣ
ǵȴݿһĻڳˣõǾ׹ߡ


2785 ĸ
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һһµؾϣᵭؾܵǰδе衣


2789 
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ǿҵ̼£ؾ챩ŭ֣һѳѰͷ­ȥ
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ˣҲѰ֪δԼжڸϢδ󶥼塣
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˵Ϊ˶֮ף


2790 ˷
ˣѰ֪ڵ߽⣬һɾŴɵķߡ
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Ϣͬһ촫Ϊ֮Ȼ󲨣


2791 
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λϽľŴҲأ˵֮Ѱͨ૑򸾵ĵӡ
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ǿֲѪȵһĻ̼øһ󾪽Уţ


2792 ϵ
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±ϾһλȳѾΣһ̣͵һҲȻ䱩һء

ǰ۳һԲ貵ĽɫܣŹ
䣡
ཻŷֲĵضǺݺһ޳ǳѺۡ
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2793 񲻹
Է־һش
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һɢֻûµʱ䣬޷ָ
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ಣ
һӣһѶƿնȥգۼʧ
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ž
Ѷؾըɷĩ
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ǰãؾ졢ؾġؾλڵ߽ѡ
ڣ³֣ҲѰߣһϵеĴؾӶҪߡ
ֻϣڴǰ֮ǰܹ£򡭡һжˡ
ؾӳ̾ȻС
ѰӳҲ͵ӳǴƿصĽһжעǾɳٶҲ޼£
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ʱͱȥ̡֮ס
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£ؾֻϣ¿ԾѰ

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ͬӴǰԪ磬سҲǱؾ֮ء
֮سǾһȿ컯֮еŻŻͨŻ⣬컯֮档
سһֱפڴԴ˳ǽпء
פسеĳһλ񾳵ػ١
ˣڹرմ͹ڳеǿĿѴ֮ڡ

һͷβвٱԹָ˵ǵǵ¡
ػУᣬؼҵĵ̣ٱԹҲá
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ˣ˿͹󣬴Ӵִسǣ
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һɿ콫Ѱģһ顣
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Ϊ˱ѰڴϢй¶ȥسУֻһ֪رմ͹ԭ
ڣĿȴƤ¸ˣ
һȺΪβס
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˭ػٴ˿̱ŭޱȡ
ֻҲί͹ɲǴ򿪵ģҲ֪ߵʲôݣο˳ֺ뿪ʲôȥ
ԶֵϣӰ֣ڳе޵ߣǱڷˡ
ǳػǱŭģ˺棬⾿ô£
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ܿ죬͹һһӰƾո֡
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Ŀһɨܣʶʲôɫѿ
ոճǸˡ
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㿴ش͹ȴĿߣ֪ΪܻỵĴ£
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δ£ƾŲƶȥ
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ڴУûסԷôڰ𶼹ֵͷˣ
ЩɵǣػǻŭίʲôҲӲˣ
˵գȥ
Щһз࣬ܡ
ô죿
޹ίΪСҲֻﱳˡ
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뿪ǰ򣬶ǰ컯ǣ
ѰؾԽѻ֪꣬컯֮Уһľ޳ǣ񲻹ܡ֮ء
Ǿ컯ǣ
ب컯֮еϰٸԪ壬ͼռ컯ǣһ⣬ʧܸա
ԭڣ컯ǳһֹĽ˳ߣΪԻܵѹơ
ǲΪҲᱻѹƵ۾
㾳ܵ˳ǵų⣬һͻᱻǹĽ
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컯Ҳ˵񲻹ܡ˼˵ˣҲڴ˳ǰ޿κΡ
컯ٲȻѳΪһԪ֮أÿϰٸԪǿеΪĵãеΪ۱еġ
õ컯Ҳ֣ޱȡ
ؾԼе֪컯ǵĴڣѰҲһӾͼסġ񲻹ܡ֮ǡ


2794 ֮
⣬פ󶥼
ȷе˵аλѾ
ЩѰؾԵļе֪ϲд
ҲΪѰǰ컯ǣԭ
̫Σա
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ЩѾϹŶɶǻ˲֪µĽɫ
ȻĵڣѰ㾳ƿصһ֪
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ֻҪִ컯ǣѰٲκεˣ
Ϊ˳ǵĽѹһ޵ߣǿҲֻܷӳ۾ĵС
ڵ۾УѰĿηκˣ
ң컯֮УҲԽӴڤż޵ߣ̽ǰڤż·
ʱ򣬾Ϳǰڤż
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˼ʱѰ߳¥ӰһԶȥ

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˿̵ɫ侫ʣţִ޷εļɵ׻Ƶġ
±ϾǳѾڣӦ죬ʱһʱתߡ
䣡
Ϣֱֲƴ㣬һежתɲǼ䣬ʧӰ١
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֮ǰӵӰٵ£ǱӲק˻Ӱ类ϲ֮߬סƵģƾ޼¡

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ʶԼ֮ǰȫˣ̫͹㾳ǿ󣬻Ϊһ־ѣȻҲ޷ѹסλѾڡ
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Ĩˣ
Ѱһ
㾳
ܹǿȷ˼ĵز
磬ֻеھ壬ӵ̤ϴڡ
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ͻã֮ѰоӲʹˡ
ɱˣǵ÷һֽš
⣬ǽһ־ӵеܣ
κ޷ѰĵĸܣȻ֣㾳ǰԼУȫͲֵһɹ
컯ǿգҲ޾ǿкɣû룬ȴ־ٴ˵ء
̫ڱܣһпҲ֪ЩѣǷڡ
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ѰͷǱ򡣡
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̫ЦЦɫһ֮࣬ǰ˵󶥼壬Ҳ֪һһϰٸԪŽǰʮ
Улŵ㾳Ϲһǲҵ־ܹԿһҲ֧Ų˶á
ԣþȳĸ·
˵ţĿѰ
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ת
Ѱһ
̫ЦЦ˵Щ磬ȴǰ򡣡
˵ţһӡ
ѰӰʱƾʧ


2795 ƲĻ
ⲿ
һֺĵԡǹУʥׯࡣ
૑򸾱󶥼ڴ޽פ⸽ǿС
Щ󶥼ɳλѾפڴˡ
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ʱյ
򣬽ԱҴӵʱǣֲ֮
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죬һȻһɳƲϵ
ʱǿӿֳһһֲϢٿ䶼ǳһгȥ
ˮλϥϡ
֮ǰڵˮ뷢ѩ񳣬һϢްĺɫߡ
ԱߵӰݣܲһϮۣһƴ̹ǰĺ
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ӮХԨһڼ̫ܣûܽͨ£֮ߡ
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ˮڣƼž

ããǿС
̫־ǰС
Ѱǰ縡Ӱɿ仯޷УʵǵŲƵٶ̫ס
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·ϣ̫˵˵ҵԼоʱսԿףܾ֮ס
֮ףѰٸ⡣
ԣ㸸ĸΪѶ컯֮棬ȴܵ׷ɱڱУ㲻ã㸸ĸӦ֪򡯵Ĵڣ򣬳ν컯֮ǣĿ֪һصĵط
̫˵꣬㸸ĸطעգһУѾҲ޿κΣ㾳ˣҲ򲻿ʱս磬ˣ㸸ĸУȫѡ񡣡
ѰʱЩˣˣĸױǴ֪Ĵ¡
̫˵ͷȻЩɣ֮ͨ׵ĵط򡣡
Ѱһ
ѯԵ̫ȻֹӻȻԶǿգ׵ԶһѾϢȫ
˵ʱһӣѰӰʱʧУһ˿ۼҲû¡


2796 һ齣
ؾѹֳء
ˮƶϳĻˣʶ򼫿ѷ˼ıʡ
ζţͨˣؼҲûеһʱ򽫶Է£Ϊ˸˲СĴۡ

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Ȼǲſ̫ӻѰѰپϢҲʵԵòȫ̫ѹסˡ
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Ȼһλ㾳ε־࣬Ǽġ
һЩʶʲôɫ΢䡣
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̽һץһֱһڵģȻ쳹ʮء
̫ƣҲһ̱ǿ֮һһ֮䣬Ƭǿնǣ糱ϫɶ
ǵȾʵڷ˼


2797 㽣
㾳֮Ľ
Ѱ֪УѿԳƵǿ֮ս
Ͼ޵У۾ѳƵֻĴڣ;㲻ɼ
㾳
Ǿһ˵
¶̤پѰԣ㾳Ҳһڶһ硣
ĵһλ㾳ڣҲ̫Ψһһ
ʱ⣬̫־ͽһλ㾳־ԾѰƵزǿҵ𺳺ڴ
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һ̣ѰЩԼĵУ޷ȥһԾݵľ
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¸컯֮棬Ȳε棬Ҳ֮һսҲζŻᱬһӰ¸ֵĴ󶯵
ڣȼսĻ

һϮۣת
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䣡
ǿعץһ飬ģ۳һƵĽ
赭дعһ
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Ѱȫˡ
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ͺñڴعͬһˡһ룬оѹơ
һ޵ߣΪǲɱͳѣҲܹȥع򿹺⣬ع֮⡣
糬Ѿ֮޾عѹȣǵĵУӵпԳ֮
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Ϣģһ־ϣϢسһۣӰֳ֮룬ɢ
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־࣬նɱˣ
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̰̰еһʱŲƣȫӴܡ
֮ǰ̫شǾ仰ѵ̣˭ֻԴУ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮơӮХԨӮࡢҲȡжһһӵÿ졣
λѾܣһȫߣ
һĻҲѰ۽磬ǰɸûȿֲ֮Ϲ˲̵ֻߡ
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֮ǰߣǲߣڲߣƫƫҪߣΪηҪԼ
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ৣ
ʱ䣬ˮǿգϽ쳹ʮء
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ѰһЦ
ס룬һ־඼ǿᣬ̫ı𡭡ָжֲ


2798 ž
ۼѰ˾ȣ̫ЦЦͣ
㾳һع춯ܵعķɺʹ
ղţǻҵıڴˣƬǿյĹڲΣպ󣬱ػҽдѹ
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̫һָԶ
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컯֮֮סӦöй桢Ǹĸǣ¾ƾ컯֮Ĵ˵ء
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һɽˮؾ硣
ڴ룬һɫɽֱڤ㣬Ρ׳ۡ
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ڴ˵һ࣬޽һ®®ǰŻݺ͹ߣ޼ҰȤȻ
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૑ٿƲסǰѰסѰҡڼˡ
˵ţ̲סˮʪѰ½
૑סӿϲúͼüֹȴ֣κڴ˿̶Եǰ԰ס
Ƭ̺૑̧ף˺˲۾شѰüۼ佥ӿ˵ϲã
ѰЩһֱ㾿᳤ʲôӣʲôԸ񣬿ɸղһ㣬ʲôˣֻһͷҺӣϲġ
˵ţʲôŤͷľѰˣΪβ
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һֱڷ״̬ľ˿Ҳ֮һ޴ӣƲ֪ȥԼʧɢĺӽӴ
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Ѱһǰ˫չסľĸ뿪Ժһ˾Բˡ
ľٿƲסеѰӣЩꡭίˡ
˵ţӷᣬסҪ
Ρϲá֯˶ԵЩʧ̬
ίʲôֻҪһžۣʲôҪ
ѰЦ
ԶǸӵľ૑Цݲģۿȴˮʶ¡
ϲõˮʱ꣬һ˾ñط꣬ûб˸˵ˡ
ã૑һһ̳é®ڣٻʱѱźһ·ŸСɽƵġ
ѰЩ·ЬӣһԺϲʡ
૑ڴ˵
Щ·ĸϲڴɫѰһҷƱۿ΢΢ʪ


2799 Ʈ
ѰǺһ·ӹ˵ĸף˵ز˾б뿪ٺúġ
һ仰૑ľԴǼϲõ侲
ȥʰ
૑˵ţת߽®
ľָŲԶԡҹڰеĵ˵
ѰǴӴ˵ش֮ףֻǴ˵ʱƣ컯֮Ҳ޷˵ţʶҺĸҲһۡ
ѰĿ⿴ȥͼǵ֮ϢһƺڰӰ֯ǣԵޱȡ
ȥ
Ѱǳ֮еıͷ΢΢˵ʱֱ˹ȥ
ϵĵǰžŲʯףʯ׾ͷĵŽգɬʱһĻڱΡ
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컯֮Ҳ޷˵ʱƣǵ棬ν˵е֮״ߣ
עǸ޽⡣
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Ѱһ֮óʱֻ֮Ȼһ̣Ȼͷųʱǵš
䣡
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ͷһɫᣬһĥɵȣһϮʽŵĺɫ·ϣѱѪ͸
װ𪾧Ө޿ޣһܵߵضΪ֮ʧɫʺѪȾѪĺڷӳ£Ĳ

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2800 
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̫һڵӳ

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֪̫ģһ־࣬ɼһĻʱӿ˵ķŭ
˳˺ޣܲ


2801 һȫ
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Զʮλ㾳ڲδ뿪óŸ޵߽Ծɲ
Ѱ֪Щ϶ǲģ
һϢı仯
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ԪǿܴߣԸóһ֤ĻᣬԽ
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죬ֵĴŽˡ
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񷸩ͻᷢڳвͬ򣬽гȺӵӰһȺһȺˮ㣬ڵƬ
һ·ϣЩڡɱڵǿߣҲ˲֪ٺȻĿעӡ
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̫ˣ
Ѱں
˿ֻйĻܵķŭͲõ˸Ͻ


2802 ѪȾ
ֵϣѰͥŲʵһɱⶼ
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ԭĽϣƲյգһˣ
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ţֱֱĵɳȥδأͺȻ飬Ѫɽ
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ĵķŭû˼ȥ˽Էʲô
ԶԶβһ޵ߣɫ䡣
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󣬽Ա¾һߣ
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2803 һħ
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ĽɫȻҲټڹģ޵УҲֻռżСһ֡
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ԩͷծ
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ֵĽգҪɱ䣬پŴ̾𣿡
ˡ
߽ըǵһʱ佫ѰĶ򴫴˳ȥ

롣
컯е֮̾ء
ѰִʱõĽһھ۵澳ǿ߻ڴ󷽣Դ
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쿴ǡǼһòֵĿͽɣ
ͬʱһһɧ
̧ۿȥͼԶطһεӰնһϮ°ɫƮҷһɰ㳬Ȼ

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˵ɫҲÿһľѹ֡
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һܼ죬ЩߵǿߣһѿնɱѪˮɽúܸߡ
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ʱѰִ֮ǰεӰ֮һļµĹ
һħ


2804 ҹĻ֮ ӿ
º
컯е֮̾ء
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ڳеϢѾһʱ䴫
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ںܾǰλӻڡ۵УԾ۵ĵУиͬеǰʮ
УӡǱھţ
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2805 ҹ
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2806 ҹ
ҹ롣
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2807 컯
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Ȼһ£ˣǰ֮ǰ˵ϵ֮Ҫ컯ǣΪҳ˭컯񷣿
ʮ
Ѱ˼⣬֮ǰʮ˵ԪߵЩһֱڶܣѰʲô
𰸣ܺ͵조컯񷡱λйأ
֮ǰºʱѰڷĸֵ伮˽͡컯񷡱йص顣
һ⣬ûмλ˭ֱһ翵Ĵ˵
Կ϶ǣ𵱳Ҳλ
ϧǰ컯ǵ·;ϣȴһѣδԸ
㡭ǷҵܹҼѵİ취
ڴʱʮȻʵ
ѩĿⶢţѰҲĬ
ʮˣɫȻһ˿˵įȻ
ڴ˵Ⱥ꣬һֱϣѵһ٣һֱѰٵĴ𰸣ӦͲ컯УҲԤУ޷ˡ
ѰʣΪΪ
ʮҹµǾ仰˵һС
ѰһλǾ仰
Ʈã޿иԵնϹٲܺڰ֮ࡣ
ԵնϹ
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ѰʣǰȻ֪ҪѰٵĴ𰸣Ͳ컯УΪ㲻ȥѰҳ
ʮҡͷڴ˲£޷ƽհء
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Ѱ
ã˵ѽ컯֮֮״ڣܽǰҿԱ֤뿪컯֮ʱֹὫ£ҲǰһȷĴ𸴡
ûвѰʵ޷˵Ҳ޷˵֪
ʮѰͳͳںԭܹٲܺڰ֮࡯ˣںǣǷѹĿܡûŪ֮ǰһһֱȺڴˡ
Ѱһпܣ
ʮһ㶣͵ʧذ㣬˵ʲô
˵ϵȷѵĿܡ
Ѱ뿪컯֮ǰһǰһȷ𰸡
ʮ͵߬סѰ½󣬷ŭΪλҪȥΪβڸңҡ
ǰʧأķӰ㡣
Ѱǰѵȴôã㡭Դ𰸵׼նϹ޷Դ
ʮٴϢãһɿץסѰ½˫֣ţԭŭƽ
ֻɫȴܸӣڴ˵Ȼ
ǰȴ£ȴĴ𰸣ԼҪģָȥԣ
ƺѾû뿪컯֮Ŀˡ
ʮе飬Ҷ֪Щϲܸ뿪Ļᡣ
ңϢɢԪЩ϶֪֮УעԸǰǰԸ㡣
ǵֶΣԺ컯ǣҲעǲȫģʱɱ֮١
˵գʮ̾£Ŀ뿪
ѰɫƽΪת컯УһЩգҲӦԵķš
ʮĬƬ̣ڴ˵Ĵ𰸡

ҹѰºþ޷ƽ
κʮ˽⵽Ϣʶ򵥡
ҲˣҲЩԥ
Σ뿪֮ǰһ𸴣
ãѰеķ˼ľһƽ
һѰ߸ĸ뿪컯֮ǰǰԨС
ôҲǱⱻлɳˣ˵ĸ
ա
ѰӴ컯֮ȥ
һֱºҵ޵ߣԵһʱѰĶ
ѰһҪʲô
Ҫǰ컯֮ء
ǹеģѵͲ֪ѿʼǲеӡŮǰΪľǶԸ
컯֮˵ܵõ֮ס컯֮棬ԪɶѾˡ
Ԥò˶ã컯ǾͽΪ·ƻ֮أʱֵע׶༪١
˽
Ѱûᡣ
ûãˡ컯񷡱֮ء
һƬƽԭݲؼӲһɫļӲʯ
ϣ׺ǳÿһǳԳֳһֲͬĴϢǣһյյƣȫͬĴԣ
컯񷣡
ÿһǳӡһϵϰٸԪ֮
ѰִʱźɫʯĴϣѾӰд
еü˼еڲͣس¼еĿݼŲеץ̬졣
Ҳׯž
׳۵һĻ֪ΪΣѰλֵ⡰컯񷡱Ҳ塣
ϰټԪ֮ϵһ֮Уޱع֮˹Ħ͸Ǻεȴؽǣ
Ѱִʱ˳һɧ
ֵͽ
죬ô
ƨĴߣǻ
޵ɫ䣬ӴһЩ޵߶̧뿪Ψ鷳
ɴ˿ɼѰŽ컯죬ġ
Ѱһ
ĳ˵شģλؾš
һ仰Ѱ˸طϥأٲΧ˵ķӦ
ƽʶ񷣬ʱ֮䣬͸ܵϰȫͬĴϢ
ңлһϤĴϢһӦˣһǳӡϵڴļԪ
ʮǰ˵컯оͲ𵱳Ѱٵһ𰸣ҵҪǷˡ
Ѱૡ


2808 Ӯ
Ѱ֮ǰ˵һ¡
ڵ조컯񷡱֮λԣ˭ܿеհأ˭ɵõһ
ʲôȴû֪
ΪУؿеġհء
Уܾǰ಻εĴϧðž类ѹƵķգ컯֮½вͼ⡰հءλ
ϧʧˡ
ǽ⡰컯񷡱ϰϵһһգҲûܿνġհءʲô
ѰЩ
ǣѰٵĴ𰸾ʲô
Ѱγʶǳ֮С
ϰϵÿһֽԲͬ
һԪ޵µúƣŽγɵϵϵ֮£ŵ˶˶ʡ෱ɺʹС
ѰԣڴʱѾƵĲ飬ʶȥİԪϵʱ̸ϷѾ
ûоκͰ֮ԽԽоͷͺԭԺһɽֵɽˮһһرǰ붼δĿհ֮ϵȥɽˮԽԽ
ϵͬȴԴͨһ
ŲƽѰҲС
У޵߶˿ѰδףڲǶ˲١
ֻǣʱƣ컯񷸽۵޵ȴԽԽ࡭
ԭǣѰڴ˵ϢɢȫǸע⣬͸Ҫʲôǲǰ̽
ǣյ컯񷸽ҲǱÿǰ
ǾѰһ·ɱº
һЩ޵߻ǵһμѰݣ棬
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˺ΪѰδҲ̫Ҫ֪컯ǣɲ֪ж޲ýҡ
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ϢҲȫǺ䶯
֪屾һԪף̹ϿֲܹΪӡŮĽɫҲֻ˰ˡ
ӵԶȺ׵ĵ̣Ծŵ츳ڵ;֮ͬ㣬ϵԼĴ档
컯֮һֱһֲĵ˵
֮ͬУֻˡ
һ֣Ǵܴﵽĸ߶ȣš콾šţ֮ڡ
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ˣֻ֣֮
УܹӡŮֵѰڵڶˣͬ޵ܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
˵컯񷸽򣬽ֹսô
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ˣͲ֪ˣǳиһƶڵǰ£ãǻ⣿
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Ѱһֱڴ˵أζţò˶ã컯񷸽ͽΪ粨֮أ
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ʵϣʱ˿̣Ÿ۵޵ԽԽ࣬Щ֮²޵ǣ񶼻ܵӰ죬޷רǱȥ
أЩ޵߽½뿪컯ڵ
ûþֻʣѰһˡ
ϥǣպϣϢɮ붨Ƹ֪һʱ﷢顣
ֶò޵߶̾硣
ǣձֲ̿ˡ
˿ѳڸУλãôʱ͵Ϯܷش
ȺУһ͸Źƻζ
Ŀ˸
գδ˸Զ֡
Ѱһ·ɱººպ˭ҳıӵԼȥЦ
Ȼ㿪ˣȥһԣˣҼһʧܣͿԼӲˡ
أһͳĮ𣬽ţһ۾ΰӰҰС
һɫ۵ӣӰ۾խ¸һͷī̳Ժ¶һŰ𪿡ʵӡ
ΪĿǣü֮أӡһĨ̥ۡ
ݼӣ
֣Ⱥһ󼤶
͵ؿЩģǳӮϵǿߡ
֪ˣӮᣡ
ʧ
֮ڣеĿⶼ뿴̬˵ĳӣɫź;η
ӮᣬӮеһλ棬ӵĪѪ츳ܾǰ¡
ţв̤꣬ϲ;Ⱥף
Ӯִɸ̤컯ǵġ
ڣȴѵִﳡУҰڣǸоͬһ䣬޵߽ɧѡ
ӮûЩ磬һӣղǴ˿
ˣҡҲǡ
ǻɫɷףڣɲ˵꣬ͱӮһ߬ס½󣬳ԶѰݺȥ
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һĻľ
ৣ
ͼѰϣٿӳһӰһϮۣľ塣
ľ带һ֣һͽӽУֱ˻ȥ
飡
ӮָһӵӰըѪױõø֪ɫ䡣
ͽлӿڳ
ѵ˴ʱȴֻһδҲ̫˰ɣ
ӮĮ俪ڡ
мžѹ޵߽ʶԶԶܿ˭¾ͽһսˣ
վǵš
ѰľڵѰʼն˿ܵ㣬ڸ

Ӯâһ
ǣ˴ʱѰıȫӣӦ
˵ҴΪλҪҵţĪˣͼʱ䣬˼֮ƣ
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ˡ
Ѱľҡͷţ޷ȴչһ·ʡһһɱ鷳
ȫȻ㲻Ŷ䡣
ٿӮᣬ˿̶ŭЦһͽĳǵһŵģ
䣡
һ۷ɣһصɫƱÿֲޱߡ
ھ۵ǵƣͬ޵֮緶
ɣһ޷óһͬ޵߸߶ȵľ
ֻǣӮҪʱһ翱ڳ
˵Ҫȴչٶ֣ΪξͲܵһȣӮϾǰļҪߴϵ컯


2809 ն
һŮƾճ֡
Ӱ޳˿Խɫ˿βһȹѣһѩ׳ǹϢ䡣
Ůˣ
ȺУϵǿ߽Ȼ
죡
һŮͬһλĴڣɾ
Ⱥɧһ¶ηȵɫ
ӮᣬһЩܾǰμӰ۵ͬУѹסӵķͷ
ڵϰ۵УսŽǰʮ
壬Ӳȱĸ컯֮ϰУǻŲ֪Ƶľ֮
ڵܹǰʮѿɼǿ
ߣżϵ컯Ϊǰң
Ӯ
ҵ㱻ɱˡ
˵ʱһѿԶѰľ壬ѣҪȣԣҲֱԣò˶ãͻԽԽĺݲǰʱĴ»
Ѱľ嵭Ȼ͹ġ
ֿ˿ѰһֱǾĲı𣬵Ӯᵹ˵Ĳ̫ˡ
ԣҶԸʱöһȥ
Ӯ䣬Ĳˬ֮ǰԼľٶ
һ̾ûввٺݲѾˣͲڰУһȥôǱ״
Ӯɫ΢䣬һɨܣƲʲôɫһ
ڣλȻѾˣΪβһȵط벶ȸںİϷǿɾ̫ϲ̨ˡ
һɢ
ҵȱԸλķͷɼȻ̹˵ˣҵٵȥЩˡ
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һĿϹ֣һ棬꣬ɫ𪣬ЦģϢȴŰ
ӣ
˵쵱ڰ۵Уǰʮ
ǰʮ
֪ԽߣԽңܹڸͬǰʮ֪սεȿɲ
мž޵߶һĲ
Щ紫˵ӡŮʱĿܻ컯ǣ
ڣȴ½ټ
ǷӦӰ֣վߣֱһ¸ӣһսɫޣӰŮӡ
һһŮϢֲͬˡ
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𽣡p
УÿһԻѡγλӣ𽣡pǺһӡŮ
սѷɵɿֲ֮
ѹ֣ڳ˿ڸȫһĻ
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ЦڣӶѰľ塣
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һסЦ˼̫˼ˣһ컯֮ǰļһȴҵȷ۵ף⾿ǿ֪أ㹻ĵô
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ΪѰ˵ĸоȫʲôҲ壬ʲôҲ⣬ǿƽ£չֳ̬ȴ֮ǿӲ
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ͷãǾڴӮȥս֤ϲ˸ŵжȻҪҲزԹۡ
һԴǣԵú
һĻǿɾ͸ûˡ
Ѱľ忪ڣƽɡ
ߣ
Ӯһߣ̤
۾Ӱڳһ貾ӨĻ棬ϢҲǽڽ
ھŲʱ绯һԶŻ񣬻âɣתü֮صһĨӡҲӿԾ
ϣ
ӮУһɫսꪣ͵һն
䣡
ٻȻѩ۵ɫꪷâЮ棬Բ˼ٶնѰ
ԶУһ˲ͷһɫմݺѰľ壬Ҫû
飡
ֻһ̣Ӯ˵ɳȥɫսꪰ쳹
޵ȻһͷˮΪղһǸûпʲô
𽣡p춼һӱ
ΪǿãѰķһȭͽӮưԵһɢ
Ҹղ˵ˣƾһһϮľԭأɫһ˿ڽ֮ɫ
Ӯɫâӿ

Ӱƾʧ
һ̣ҰУͿһƼҫ۵ɫâ绮ƻ磬ٵصĵһƹ⡣
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˶ݡ
Ŵһ⣡
Ӯǿɱﵡ
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꣡
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ӮӰĵ䣬ɫɷףѪеɫսꪣѶѵֻʣһء
ٿѰľ壬ԭأȻɡ
ؼž
˶һĻ
֮ǰʲô
ӮᣬӮϵӣһԪеĴ棬ͬ޵֮·ӵаսľ
ڴ˿̣ȴش
ȫϣţΪ֮
֣
˿̣Ψ̼ܵ˴˶һۣԥˡ
֮ǰ׽ӮᱻܵһĻѰǼ򵥵һȭȴ㣬Ӯǿһƿһȭ֮Ӯش
ֲ̫
ƾеĶ֣Ҫɱãֳܷʤ
ڣӮӿսͿʼܴ죬ֻ֤Ѱ¶õĽһھ۵澳ȡõ裬ҲӮ֮ϣ
ӮϲԵ㲻
䣡
һڽӲӵĵϯգӳֳһƬͻʥ磬ƿֲ
ৣ
𽣡pҲͬһʱ䶯ˣǰߴ߶߻ӶޣһչֳԶ˾ͬĿֲܡ
ʵϣǺһںܾǰ̤㲻;Уڽ컯Ǻ󣬾Ҳܵѹơ
ɼˣھ۵澳е裬ҲԶѰɱȡ
Ƭض
һ֣ͷųƣɫ䣬֪ٹսߵ壬ܵԶԶܿ
ʱѰľҲˡ
ָ罣һն
شû˳սӮᵱɫ䣬Ϊһǳնɱ

Ӯ
ܵвҳɣȫ߷ֱȼհ㣬Ҳǿֲ¡
䣡
춯صĺ쳹
ͼһ֮£Ӯķ͵ֽըҲǱӲѪ
ЩѪããĥ
Ҷʣ


2810 ˭
ӮԶսĪ𶯡
ӮЩǿߣ޲Ŀѣ
սУѰľѾϵλӼɱһ
䣡
ԺХ
컯񷸽ȫֲսǡ
컯ڣһսѳƵ߹ɱھ۵澳޵֮Ľ
ӮҲ̼ˣһұ֮ͷš
ԽսԽľ
ΪѰķԶǿȻǱΧɷǵûбѹƣÿһʱɼĳв
¡
ȼУѰһȭ֮£pѩ׳ǹòֶɣӦѰǰ۹ĵХ
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pһУʱһնϣѪɽ㱻ʬ
ɱ
𽣼ʱȣȫѰɱ
ȴѰܣӲסɱһȭɱ
飡
شpֱӱȭɱѪɽܸߡ
⡭
죡
ǿ
Զһ󾪺ս߽ԱѪһĻ̼ʧǣǡ
һȴԵˣɱӮᡢp޿ƥУ

ɫŭӣֲͶʩչл֮
ͽͶ
ѰľһЦȭɱֱһÿһɱɽӣܡ
ʵϣӿսѰͲ
Ⱦ£ɻľǱΧ;
ʶ֮ǰɱӮᣬɱpһеļ֡
ǱҲϲͺɱԷ
˿ӮpԵúܲʵϣֻΪѰھ۵澳ϵ裬ҪԶ˰ˡ
֪ż֤ɾ۵ʱѰһ֮ѹ졢סƾ֤ľ۵档
ֱ磬ھ۵澳Ϊͻƣʱȥ羳پɱ
ǵһϵľ۵ɱȣ
ڣѰ䶯õľ壬Ҳźͱһս
֮Ǿܣ
ǰ磬ҡ
컯֮棬ҲʲôӡŮܿ⡣
Σ

ڵ۾;ϵ棬Ѱη塣
飡
սУ𽣸ˣѰϣֱϲ޳УƤͷѣ˵ɳȥ
ƺߣϾʹࡣ
ʱҪȥ
䣡
һ̣ըѰһƴ顣
ˣ
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pˣҲˣǵĴ̫ء
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ৣ
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ӰĸĸǼ٣ֱͳͳѹɣ
飡
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ĵ壬һشնɱ
Ѱ㡭
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ѰûЩĿ⿴һֱٳûж졣
԰ף޳Ľ˵ĺȫ׹֮С
䵱ѰĿⶢϣһ˲еͷߵĳ嶯
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ãѵת뿪ˡ
ĿעӣһѰѩĵݺݲУҲ顣
սˣŮԣעǱ֮ܣڵӰӰպĵ;
Ҫֻˡ
Ŀ뿪ɫܸӣ𺳣꣬Ҳļɵ;η
ѰֻѹһӼȫ֮ǰԤ
ԭҲΪѰֻǺЩӼ൱
ǲʶѰǺεڲͬ
ЩԶȺףЩдɱķ
˭Ҫ
žѹֵķΧУѰһɨܣĿ޵ߣʶ֮ܿӡ
𣿡
أԶһ°ţԶһ糯ȫŲƶ
ϸһϢֲĺӡ
ڰ;ͱһֻ̽ס
ȥã
⽹ɿ콫ղŷһи֮
ಣ
Ŀע£ͼǺӵͷߣգ۾ʧ
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۲ѡ
ѰľûЩֱطڡ
һ粨ҲʹĻ
ɻڴ˵ص޵ǣȴʶŽ֮´ȥЩڸ·ϵӼ¶õȥԸѰĺˡ
ɴҲƶϣٷѰɱ٣Щ֮˱б
ȺɢȥҲ鴫
Ԥյ컯ǣؽٴ䶯С
ܿ죬컯񷸽ðֻһЩϡϡ޵㣬ԥҪҪ컯ȥϰϵ
ЩѰȻ㣬ǣһһŲƵĵܣȻ


2811 ֮ͽ
졣
ھиϰϵصѰûܵκθš
컯УһʱȴĲƽ
͵Ӽȫ޵߽ʶǳӼҪɱѰҲ׵顣
ڣһʱӼ٣ȻвС䶯ȴûһȥѰ鷳
ݷ
ԽԽó޵ߵľ
˭ǸϲܻŹѰߵЩӼԽԽʱͽһǰδеĴ籩
˽ͳƣ̶ʱ䣬ԸеӼнӽʮˣ
ÿһһԪеĴ棬ھ۵澳ӵ޵аǱܺս
һЩںܾǰİ۵Уӵżҫ۵
Щ̤컯ǵĴڣڶ̶ھͻ۽ӽʮˣҲ˲֪𾪵ĻȻ
ãĿǰԣЩӼ˽⵽ѰΪ󣬽ѡʱݷûвȡж
Ψеգѹˣӿ
ڴڼ䣬컯񷸽һǱڵİӳ֡
˿ѰĿܿѰŵһϣϵһ¡֣á
󣬰תȥ
ʼգûȥѰȻ
ҴҰ¹ȥ
Ӽ컯ǵҲ½
ڴڼ䣬޵뿪컯ǣ·;ҲǷ֣ڴ˳˷ǿֲ֮Ϣ
ÿһεܣ
Ǿǿȴ컯ǵ·
ɣЩԸϹŶΪѰϵġ֮סԲϧԳڴˣ
һĻҲ޵𺧡
Ӽ˵Ŀֲڶڴˣֹ飿
ԳƵʷǰ
ɴˣҲǶɣѵ֮صܣĺͳΪ컯֮йأ
˭ܵõ˵Ϳ峼
ִ˵硣ìͷָѰһˣ
Ȼ˶û뵽ǣȾ֮£ѰȴûƵģҹҹ컯֮£Ǳ
ԣ˵ǣ˭ܲ
Ѱ¾٣ĶԣҲʷˡ
֪꣬пѡ
ʵϣһʱ컯ڵ򸽽޵ĽֻΪԶԶؿѰһۡ
ҲӼľ
ûǰȥƺ͸ţټ컯֮£ֻѰǹһӰС
ʱ󣬾Ѱڴ˸ѹȥһʱ䡣
죬һ޵ǰ
ֻǺһǣڴѰУȴһƴ
½ݣʦǰݼѡ
ѰɫʶȴӿͿԶȺУһĻꡣ
üۼ価ӢŽ
ʦ˭Ѱʡ
ʦ̫ǰĹѣꡣ
½ݴ
꣡
ѰһӿԵľϲ
ˣھ֮򣬾ս۽ȥ޻ء
ˣսһ־Ϊͬˣ
ֻǣʱǨսۣҲѾ̫һٲ֮ܳΪսۡˡ
ԭǰĸͽֻǲ֪ǰںδѰеļʵ
ʦδǰ컯ǣȴ˽⵽Ϸ顣
½ݵʦ˵컯⣬㾳Χ£ĪҪż뿪
ˣʦ˵ѾһЩȡϵʱԻһ֣뿪컯֮档
Ѱӿ˵ů͸ж
ٳ£ˣǸðķհԼǰȴôˡ
ǿ̫ǰϡ
лԵɡ
ΣѰֻим
ҲǴʱף̫˵ġתʲô
ллʦ𣬾˵˵ȴѰز
Ѱ֣ء
½ݵѲؿʦ˵ǴӹŻ߳ΣҲϲܼȡѣҲҪأӻۣ֮ĪҪ⡣
˵գ½Ȼתȥ
ѰһвĲ
뿪컯֮ǰҪŪһ£Ѱٵģʲô
ͬʱҲҪʮһȷĴ𸴣
ڳЩӼѰǲ⣬ЩѾӰ쵽
֪䣬ǰʱȥ
ٵˡ
УһУһӼۣʮˡ
һˣϣһϮۣڷɢһγǣ£ˡ
ƣ
һ߳ӣһںܾ֮ǰİ۵еʮľ
һĵ̺ҲܹڸȾǰ塣
ʶܽеʮλӼټ
еǰעûж˵ὫѰϵ컯ߡ
Խ糿ĺġ
磡
ӣ
˽һС
Ȼ֪ƻеζ
֣ĳУȥЩˣ뻹ʮҵӺŮھͶ֣سʸ֮ģҲᱻ˳ûٰ
ü
һʱҶڳݷû˭ҵһ֣ɵĲѰпľ֡
һ˵һұ˴ǣƣ˺ȥվǸ취οǰĸȥˣ
һ˶ˡ
ͬƵľ
Ƭ̺һɫȻ
һ
ȻˣҲһ⡣
Ҳһ
ʱ˶Ӧ
Ƽˣ𣬵λܶ컯֮巢ģزλ֮
ߡ
˵գ󲽳ȥ
˽
һ߳Ǳȫٳ컯ȥ
ǲϢ
컯ǣǶҵˣǿԵһʱ˽⵽ֵĶЩҲԵһʱ˽⵽ǵж
һζţҲͽ͡
֮ٶɱ컯񷣬ûзӦʱһٽѰɱ
ȻƵʮλӼû뵽ǣ컯ڵʱͼһϣҲһȺȫٳ컯ȥұǻһ
ԷͬһȺӼģǻ󣬽ӽʮˣΪ׵һλεɫףӰӡ
ˣƲü
ұ
ұӣһƶòӵǿ֣ܾǰھ۵澳Уұ߳Σʮ
治ϣټЩѣȻǴͻϮǰɱѰãҲ³˼ʱλһж򣬻ܱƽȵˡ
ұҲƣЦ


2812 һ
ұЦú޼ɵ
ߵһӼҲЦ
һɫѿ
ȵǣ˭룬վûԸԳ
ô˵ұǴҵһˣ
Ϊβ
ұʡ
նʱѹ֡
Ѿ컯ڵ򣬸в޵ע⵽ĳ֣һľ֮࣬Ҳ鲻Խðͬһ뷨
һѾõķ籩ڽݣ

ʶأǶƬ˱ܣΨִһսᱻ
˶ǣ˿̵ѰϥأһķӦûУ
һ㣬ƺ͹ұӼʮ֮ڣģ֮ʢֱ컯κ˾
»һЩӼȾƣ¶Բ
Ѱ
̫ˣ
˼Ĳ˵۵Ƕԣһһġ
ұЦ˵ʱѴ˳컯򲽲
һʧ翴˭ҪɱԱⲻһͻ˵׼ɽۻ̵
˵ʱҲѴ˿ȥá
һʱ䣬˺͹ұ֮䣬Ҳγɶţţƺ˭Ҳʹ˽á
ɾڴʱһȻЦ쳹ء
ãĲ̫
ơұüͷһ塣
ˣ
ʱԶ˶ѻȻѡ
ͼԶطһȺѤƥĶݹ⻮񷣬˲ϢƬӳֳһϢֲӰ
жʮˡ
Ϊ׵ģһҫŮӣһɫսףī٣üĿ续޳Լɺڷ졣
ѩ
Ůһλڰ۵ھŵľ
һӼǰơұü䶼֮ɫ
Ůˣܿ£
ʱɱ֮ѩһˣеӼʮˡ
ֱ컯һϵӼȫˣ
컯й˳
ѩû뵽㾹Ҳˡ
ұһ̾ҿ治ΪС
̸ϵˣֻ˵Ƕ֣Ĳһ׮컯ʤֳʱ߸·ɡ
ѩȻˬһϮɫս£ƽӢ
Ҳֻˡ
ұЦݱƽΪӼľɲᱻӰ졣
ս͵ˣԱɱλãһӵϣƾֶȥţ
Ƴڡ
ԣȴѰѽѰ֮ƾ׸
⿴ǶһĲȫֻһͷ
һΣѰˣ
ʮӼ֣вֲ۲ȡʲôʽҪɱѰһҲͺ
һӵϣעɱս˭ҲԸҿǳǩ˳Σ
ұһ˼
γǩ
ѩʡ
ȻҲʶȾ£սĻѰעɱḶһЩۡ
⣬˭Ըġ
ϾΪӼǿɲȥƴ
ʶǩҲһѡ
䲻ȻҲĬ취
ɾڴʱ
ǩһϱǡ
һֱǿݼŲѰѳɫƽس߿
һϣ
˶Ȼɫ졣
ơұѩҲһ£Щš
ǶһۣжӿĸоһĿһһεͻǵԤڡ
ʱ˵£Ȼٵˣ¶һЩѰ
ûУ
֪˭
ұס
Ѱ룬˵ǲô۲ȡʲôʽվɱһΪҪ鷳
ұüЦһ˵ĻֱɥĲ񣡡
ҿ֪һս⣬һϵĻػ˴ǣƣսԴ˹֮ƿʵҲ֪ΰջᡣ
侲
۵㣬ͬ
ѰɫȻٿҲϲ޴֮˿̽ƣͼһ֣ʶΪһˣ֮ػǯƺͶԿ
ⷴˮ㡣
̣Ǿʹشˡ
ѩȫ׿һͶţ֮˭ߡ
ⷽ
ұͷ
Ҳá
ҲӦ
һʱ䣬еĿ⣬еìͷָѰһˡ
Զս߽ԲѰһѺ
ȴѰ˿ȴЦЦˡ
˶٣Ŀ⿴ԶȺҪһĳԸһһ·Ļᡣ
ȫһš
˶µ⡭
ѿѰ˳۵Ĺұ̲סȵ֣
䣡
һϮεɫ׷⣬һɫսꪣȱ
ۼұԴơѩĿܵˣǵһʱ䣬Ҳһ֡
ৣ
ѩУһںɫӰתâն˺ѡ
ϣ
һ׵ӿıͷѰȥ
ˣһӼҲڴ˿һˡ
ʮλӼÿһһԪĴ棬ͬ޵аս˿һ֣ǵһĻǺεȿֲ
ͼ
ضƥǵأҫŸͷ׹ĵͱУȫѰһ˳ȥ
ǵȻϢø޵߽ԸεѣòֻԶܡ
ֲ̫
ȿֺɱĵˣѰȴЦˣͷ·һȺš
ৣ
һ˲Ѱӿֳһ޴ʱѷ죬ǧɸߵŻ
֮ţ
ԶԶȥؼͻȻſѪڡ
ѪǰЩӼһȺ
䣡
ͼ
ǻذĿֲԱŻûǰͼһʱ佫ѰɱӼûüܣֱӾͱͨĴڡ
ãˣ
Сģ
ߣ
־쳹ơұѩ˵һʱΣգʶؾҪ˱ܡ
ѰԸ
¡
ͼ֮ɢͷųֲޱߵʱøŤֱҪƬ񷶼һ̵
ԶĹս߽ԷֵļУܵвĩֽٰ㣬̼ǲֻӴܣƶͣƬ̣ͻ֮ơ
ƬеЩӼһӰܿصرק֮ڣһСڵƵգʧ
ֻ֡ŭʵĴڻص쳹
У඼̤㲻;żǰ̣Ժ󽫼̳ȨƿһԪȨ
ӣһ֮Ѫͬ޵е
ȴԵü֮һʧ룬籩еһȺϣɼϱʧ


2813 
⾪׵Ĺ컭棬ɢ
֮ʧˡ
ػָ
ֻǣȴֻʣѩơұˡ
һͷɢңɫ両εľľʧء
֮ǰǰӼѾˣ֮ûʧӰ١
ֲһĻ̼ѩ˻
ԶһƬǽ壬֮ǰӴܵ޵ǣڼԶĵطһɫֻ̣¡
֮ǰһĻֱʣľĳ
˭Ҳû뵽սŸտʼѰͷųǰɿɲͨʮӼһ򾡣
֮ǰǻΪѰϧΪ˴αͿ˭֮ˡ
ڡ
ѰŤתǬ
ߣ
һʱ䣬ŲգҪߡ
ϬѩұȽʣµЩӼԼͬѡ˱ܡ
֮ǰѰչ¶׷еĵͶ־ֺܾܳͺ⡣
Ǻòӹһ٣ĿܻҶ
ͼѰҡͷ̾Ŀλ뿪
ʩչͨ
ǸտʼӶݵƵˣһеĳƵģӰͣһ˲
Ҳһ˲ֶٰ
ۣ
һ죬ͼУơѩұλʣµӼڣһ屻ն飬䵱
ɺѪɫΪͿĨһ㴥Ŀĵĺ죡
һ˲ȺУɴ䡣
컯֮£ٴֻʣѰһˣȻεӰһƥ񣬵˼䡣
ǵ˲ǿ

ֻ˵ʱ֮أ̫ɣ
ľڣ컯Уֻܶõ۾У磬ЩӼָ;ѰҪɱǣ¾͵÷һˡ
˵磬Ѱǲĵֺ̺ξЩ֣
ÿֲ
ԶһĻĻ۵׺ʧǡ
ʱյڵ۾޿ɵֵ

Ƚͨ컯ǣ˭ѰĶֲ֣֮ǰ޿֡
ʶѰ֮ǰΪΪǰ㵭ǰ޾ˡ
ǿǵʮ㣡
棬֮йȻźйصĽֻͨ˭뵽˵˿£
ǿѰĿ⣬дļɵ;η
У֮ˡ˭֮ܵ˭ɳΪ컯֮峼
ɣѰѵõ֮ףƿغйصĽڲʩչղŵĿֲܣ
ֻϣ˸ɡ
컯֮£Ѱһ̾
˻һԶжһ󷭹ĻѰ˼
϶֮սɢȥ֮󣬿û˭ٸ鷳ˣ
ɺȻѰĿǣƺЩδ
Ѱǰǰ㣬ϥأʼ
Χ۵Ǿ긦Ҵɢȥ
죬ϢǽԾ
ãǵ֪ϢʱѾһ򡭡Ҳٻزˡ
лһЩӼڣ֪ơұѩȫûϢ޲ȻҲѡ
ڳ⡣
棬ˣ
һϢģϵǿߣڵأſǻ̿Ѱ
ǿһŭ쳹ˣ
˷ǿЩ̾Ų֪εĴһĻ˶ֻ
ûãƬǿվը㣬ַŭһܻ޷ˡ
ΪϢʶһӣ֮࣬ǽй
һ£˭Ҳ˲ֻˣ˭Ҳû˼Ц˭ˣȫŭȡ
ϣ
գҪң
ʱҹʵǿĽ֮ͨһ٣컯֮棬Ľ¡
ΣϲѰ뿪
ǿУԸϹǳҲ컯ǲ֪޵Ϊ֮
ڳ⣬һƬ
һУûӰ쵽Ѱ
ڸϰϵҲڵȴת١
ֻǴ쿪ʼܳһʱûǰ鷳ˡ
һꡢꡢꡭ
ʱȥ
˭Ҳû뵽Ѱģƺѳ컯֮²ҹҹϥżŻйһܿͻط
أ޵߽ӦѰĴڡ
컯Ƿƽ˾ûзѪȵ顣
˵ǰʱ߳ӼѾִ컯ǡ
ǵ֪Ѱս󣬽ѡݷûκһ˿Եø̡
컯⣬ǿУԸϹŶǣҲδһֱȺǡ
˶ԣǲ̵ʱ䡣
ɶ޵߶ԣѣ̸ʲô
ǶԵ۾ϵ޵߶ԣżһιصʱ䣬Ҫ԰㡣
ֻǣһ뵽ЩϹŶԸʱȴͬһĿʱɲԾѡ
ζţЩϹŶҪѰ
һˣݷһʱܶһӣ
ÿ˽Ҫ飬ΪУΪЩѣǸ顣
һжעѰһӶ컯в
ˡ
ûɱ¾Ͷ컯ǻָյֺͷ
ÿ·컯񷣬ϥµѰʱʶԺΪѰĴڣ컯ǿעͷ粨
ˡ
һ죬ѰȻӣһ˿㱡
뿪磬֮࣬ǰĿġ
һǴоȻظĸ
һǲ̽š
񣬵һĿɣɵڶĿģȴ˷롣
ֻ֪ҹʣ٣ҲԪһϹŶû١
ɹȴǸš
ˣѰ⡣
һǸ뿪컯ǡ
һǣƽ컯صհء
ڵһ⣬ѰҲֻܵȣ̫˵ת١
ãͳǿЩϹŶһеģż뿪
ڵڶ⡭
Ѱһз綯ıĴһֱڸᡣ
ѽϰϵգֻյĽԷ
ΪĵУҲپԲز֮󾳽İأͲܹġ
ˣڲлõҲ֮áɹݣ
Ѱҿ϶컯ΪѹƣԼĵѾ֤񾳣ʵȫµͻˡ
ѰΨһüǣͬûв컯صհʲô
Ǻͷ
ֹһνݣͼɢķλĥһЩʧܸա
ֲܿаأȷ̫ˡ
Ѱһ̾
ɴʶǺɫĵϣͷ˫ֱۣӲ񷣬ʲôҲ룬ʲôҲǰ㴿һƬص񷡣
ǵ׺УֹһĻ
ȥӦ޷ܵÿһǳƵĴϢҲ޷ŵһֽȻͬϵء
ɽء
һſǳѰԺĪظֳһصͼɾһɵġ޼񹂡
һܻǿգĹ켣ϱ任ֳ޼޾ء
޼޼飬޼¹ڵʦߴС
ڣִаأȴڲӿԺһһ㻮ѰԺУһ
ѵ


2814 ư
ѰȻӡ
ʼԵ֮ϵϰϵ
ÿһϵһǻ۽ᾧףعܻ
ʱѰУͬϵһͬĵͼÿһ̺İأճͼĴ켣
֮ѰģԵġͬϵɵƵݡ
ϰϵÿһֶһȴڵУõϰϵԵΪý飬Ӷγһֹ
ͺñȰϰٿɢӣһһһγһ壡
յĿģǽϰټԪϵһϵУ
֮ǰѰʶʱҲ𺳣ԼλƬ컯񷡱Ŀġ
ܰ쵽һǼֱ͵˿ϰټԪϵ֮ϵ
ʶѰٿƬʱףλУϰټԪϵһſǳ
Ƭ񷣬ԽȫУ
һƬ񷡱λĿģ
ЩѰȥϰټԪϵʱľѲͬն

һȥ
ݼŴеѰȻ۾񷡣
ͬʱǰֳһȭͷСĵͼÿһͼԲȻ⣬ӿֳȫͬĴϢ
ף
У޵߽ע⵽һĻ⣬ѰҪʲô
Ѱһֱڴ˴£ʷ
⻹ǵһμȾٶ
ͼѰܿӿֳϰٸͼԾӨ貣ɢȻͬĴϢ
ϰٸͼٿ⣬һƬ׵֮ϣϰٸ棬еϰٿǳһȼƵģŹ
Ȼǰһʹ𾪡
⡭
ѵѰ컯հأ
죡
Ȼ쳹ǵҰУ컯ϣһ̾ȼգÿһǳҫ۳ʢкͻĹ⣡
˺£
һ̣컯Уÿһÿһ޵߽ͣж뿴ϡ
ͼǹãȼڤ
Ƿ˼һĻõóг׺䶯
컯Ǳߣ죬ȥ
˴У컯ڵȥ
һޱȼ
ب컯һֱǸ˿ɿƵţ֪ĴǰľѪʱȥĥҲһá
ڵ޵߽Ϊ컯հظͲڡ
ڣȴǷζţǹ˿ɿƵţѾ˽⿪
޵ߵִ컯ڵʱͿããȼյǻ䣬һӰȫûС
Ѱ
ܡ
ѵ컯հأ
ζţõλһ
˵ص޵ԽԽ࣬ʶѰʱһ޷ˡ
ƺ˭Ҳû뵽Ѱʱ䣬ͽ컯հؿƣ̫˼顣
һЩѰĽɫǼ޽ӡ

ЩѰѸܲ
ϰϵԵƵķʽһһ֮󣬾͸飬ҵ˿հصԿף
Ϊϰϵܻϰֵͼʱͺ컯ϵϰٿǳ񣬴Ӷһ
ʱããȼյǻ㱼䣬Ѱһͦ׿ȻΰӰ
ӰһϮһڹŽ³֮С
̽Ѱʲôÿ·һԪͻḡֳһֺصͼԪϵ˺ֵͼС
ͼȻ޼񹂣
Ӱ޾ʱ⡢ռͳo㣬ڲͬԪ֮УǵȳȻķɣѰ񶼲𺳡
ʱղ衢ԪǺεȾ磿
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2815  񲻾
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2816 һ
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ҪѰ̸һ̸


2817  
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2818  
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ɵģѰʱһųʣֵԭǰ
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ֱ˽ٿղ˵ܾǰҾ컯֮ߣҲȷһЩ飬УҪľĻֵ顣
˶٣˵λȶ컯֮ϰٸԪ磬ÿһԱڴ˵أ޷컯֮뿪ԭڣϰٸԪ飬ԱһεĹ赲Ȼǿ㾳ǿߣҲ޷赲
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ٿյҾͲˣԿ϶ǣ游ΪѰĻֶӦҲѷ֣Ļֲ컯֮档
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ٿճĬƬ̣ҿĴУԴͷҲ;
ǿ磬串ǵĴ׷ݱԴĻҲ׷ݵ浱С
ÿһμԪеսÿԪ֮ʱ٣߻ıȡ
컯֮棬Ļ֮ءΪλϰټԪڴˣҲ
Ѱǵһ˾ţ
棬Դͷ
棬Ԫս
컯֮棬Ļֽ˵ػ
ֱף
֮أ
Ѱʵ
ٿյ֮֮ţǵطҲԺȻҪȥһġ
ѰԼõ𡢵ţͼҲˡ桱ĥʯˣ棡
ֻǣ棬û˵һȻĴУҲء
֮Ļ˭Ҳһɹһֲ޵ߣҶҪ̽ʵĿˡ
ٿдżᶨ֮ɫ
ѣҲ̸ǼԪеĻ֣¶һ䣬㡭Ƿջ⡮١ķ
һֱĬʮ̲סڵ
ٿյǷͲ컯ǡ
ʲôʮ׻
ѰҲס
ٿյСѣѲ컯еİأӦҲ޽컯ǵĿģΪʲô
Ϊ˱ӻ컯Դٵ
Ѱ˼
컯֮Ļֳգ컯Դڣ컯ԴԵֵĻֵġ١
ٿյ游ʶ㣬Żһп컯ǣͼĹڴˣбӻ˲ܹô˵ص컯ԴУܿĻֵƿء
ͼ
Ѱ͵λӵ޽컯ǺȡһɫĻԲףգ˽ɰĹ컯Ǹǡ
ԭһжΪ˵ֵĻֵӻ컯Դ
ҲֲεĴͼҪ컯ʱҲܵųʹ
ͼĹȥԿĻֵܵסεĽɫ
ô˵ϵִ컯ǵĻͼܱܿһˣ
ʮɫãʹӡ
ٿյ˵ͷ
ѰҲһ̾
Ѿ̽һЩǰ컯ǣƫƫǰ·ˣνǹһ
죬Ѱʶһ£ǰ游ڴ˵޽ᡮ컯񷡯⡭Ϊʲô
ٿЦѳΪ컯ǵˣаأ
Ѱһͷˮҡͷǰָ㡣
ϰٸԪÿһμԪӴŲͬϵ㽫һһ֮Ϳ֪ÿԪڴ֮ﵽĸ߶ȡ
ٿյ˽ЩһԪ֮۵Ĵ羿жǿˣܹеףĻֵǿ˺εȵز
Ѱһ
ԪĴжǿ
Ѱֻ֪֪ЩԪǿҲֲǼԪĻֵ
ô˽ԪǿͿƲĻֵжֲ
ˣлȥ׷϶ԷԽԷܶԷ
⣬ǳٿ֮조컯񷡱ԭڣ
˵ЩڵԣЩңԶ
ٿЦЩԲҪҪǣһ컯صˣԺߵĴҲؽھԪ֮ڹŽ֮ϡ
Ǳ·ģԿ游֮ͬ
˵󣬳ٿҲһп
Ҳû뵽ۿķ紫ˣܹĵ;ϣӵǱܡ
Ѱλ˵һ仰˵֮ϣٷǳĳһˣ
ٿ游˼£ı󶯣Ųߣ㰲ţ⣬ԺС֤󣬻ͻΪ컯֮ˡ
Ѱԥ̲סǰܷ游֮
ԺУһϮŽӣʵ̫˼飬Խ˽컯йص飬ԽֶԷĵǺεȿֲ
һ룬һܻ⡰١Ĵڣһܹ޽컯ǣȥԿǼԪеĻֵǿߣǸһˣ
Ѱܲ棿
ٿ˼Ƭ̣һšȻԣֻܽСˡ
Ѱз˼֮С
һֶѣȴѺ͡ǣϹ
Ҳʱʦ𷽴֮ЩʦʦҲ˵ʦ䣬Դ
ʱͼٿɫׯңңһ֣򳤱㡣
Ѱк쳹һӴĵ
ϫ


2819 ںڰ
֣Ѱһ󷢲
ÿѰĬϫ֣һӴĪ״ĸо
̫˼
䶼ǣϴأôﵽεȾ磬ӵ
ǰ游жߣ
Ѱʶʵ
֪
ٿҡͷ
Ѱһ£˵ܹǼԪĻֶԿʱˡ
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ٿյֻҪ˽ǰִ˳ǸܵͼͷŵĹıӻ޾塮١в
ҪĻ˽Ҳ򵥣ֻҪõ˳֮ϿɣԽУ컯Դ컯ԴȥԿ١
һǱܿ١
һǻ١
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ǰ˵ұƿȨ
Ѱʡ
ٿЦζˣҲ˵ԺĸߣҪ⡮١ȵþϿɣܽУ˲л컯Դ
ѰĻ᲻Ȩε֮
̸ֽƬ̣ٿպȻþϣڱԽ֮ó
Ѱ˿۾ʲôؼǵãһֱԱߡ
һѰһˣЩƵġ
ʮ򺱼ؽ
ˣ
Ѱûе飬ü֮ͷųһ⣬лһͭףŹϲãϢ
ٿһ֮ף游˵Ӧ֮۲ŶԣУ޽٣ֱ˰㲻𡣡
֮ۡ
Ѱְ˹׸ͼϣͨؾķš
һƵǹ׸Ǳƿһ˿϶
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ͬһʱ䣬һƺߣʶؽץסѰ֣ƥİѴһĨźȻ
ٿۻӶһĽɹӿ֣Ϣأͽ֮ɢĹΣϢѹס
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ˣϡԿ˫պϣضȻϣһƬװ֮ɫ
ģĺһӵУ
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Ѱ͵һ㲻ܿƵسȥ
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أӰģ
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ֱ󣬳ٿһӣԭһֱѹ֮ϵĹ
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һ˲֮׶͵ؾʱ֮ӳ˹
ͬʱӰѱģ֮һ׹ٿ֮ڡ
ѰģҲһ̿ҪʧأԴġ
ָ䣬ͳױһˣ
׶İϢУѰΨҧأܰסǰδеĽͲ
֮ףڰ糱ҷӿľȫ޾ĺڰûѰʹҲ޷˿
ٿղͷͿѰǽ굽ҪʧصɫвЩ
СҷģλǣвõĽ
ѰɬΨڴʱҲʶҶԣǶô޿ȡǰҸ̫ˡ
ٿЦЦײ
˵š
֮ڣڰ糱ˮڳš
ѰǵĿⶼǵһʱ俴ȥ
ͼһӰӺڰһϮŵʽĺɫѣͷᣬȡ
һλӺڰ߳oϵƣ޾ĺڰ³
续پϲԵĽܹӵУһһ޲ųȻ֮ϡ
˭¶ƾ𺳡η֮Уo£
Ӱ֮߳ʱһţһ޷ݵϢȻ
ߣɸ˵ĸоѰ⣬ֻңɽӴ
ݵļžʮʧϣ
ۿ죬ˮ޷Կء
ϤϣǸµҹʣ
Ѱؿһ󷢶£ͷĳױô
ʮ
һ̾쳹Ŀ⿴ʮôˣΪҪȺڴˣ
һ仰֤ıѾѣ˵Ѿ䱾Ϊһ壬ָ䣡
ٿͫ΢С
Ѱɫһ԰ףĺӿһ˵ʧ䣬ҪĲֱߣʹʧȥ㡣
ϣѷģҪȵãˡ
ʮЩ״Ρ
ãܿʲôĿ⿴ѰϣλѰѽء
Ŀ⿴ѰһʧǰĲ԰ӡ


2820 
ĬƬ̣л
һ仰֣Ѱ֧Դġ
ǰԼ˵ͿĻ
ûУ
ɬʧ䡣
ǿԺڣǷ񻹻ϣ
Ѱʣյóһ𰸣
ᣡ
Ƿǵļ䣿
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ڰӰת޳ӰԵضϣڵǵΣЩ䣬ʱĨȥ
ٿնɴ۾
ʮҲˣϣλѰӡ
˵꣬ͱѰϣ˵ˡ
ʱѰɫľȻû˸Ƶģϣ
ٿղһ̾Ҳû뵽һ
ҳȥ͸͸ġ
˵գѰ߳
ҹϣҹɫɽԶ糤ӵĵƻ
ѰһʯͷϣȻ
ԤУҲֻȴû뵽Ļһ
Ѿָ䣬Ҳӵ˹ǻۺľҲѲʶˡ
ѰȻо˵ӵٸߵĳɾͣΣ
վǲܡ˳⣡
Ѱ֪ԺûԼʲôӡ
ʲôҲ֪
ǰδеȻ㯣лصţ֮ɢûڡŭûˡ
ȻߣΨӣ
𣿡
һ
ѰһŤͷȥͼӰ࣬ҹɫУԵǰءߺϡ
ǰġİ
ĬãѰҡͷԼľ񡣡
ûȴǰĻҲǲκһ˿Եġ
һ࣬˫ֽϵǳ

ѰҸϣװ׵ػţֻҪߣٲģ˵ֻߣҲΪԼš
˵ɬһЦôܴҵĸңôرѰ
Ѱ
˵ͷļҶ֪ƴٵҵҵʱÿһĻ棬Ŀ֪УֻװһˣɺȻȴûӹݸ顣
Ѱһ˻
ԶԶȻϲΪδڸ㲻áߺܱ΢ô
Ѱ𣿡
˭
޶
ֿܾκһΣ
䣬ÿһѰһ
Ŀ⿴ѰأΪʲôΪߣ۸㹻ˣҿûбҪߡ
һֱشݺѰС
ɫ㱣òſɬҴˣҰһֱ϶˭ˣҲϲܽߴߡ
һ룬ȷǷ̫࡭
˵󣬲ҿ
Ѫˮʡ
ľ̫ܳ˼ˡ
ҲһΣѰľѪ
ǰûС
ԺҲϲˡ
Ϊľģֻһ˰ˡ
ڣȢ
ᡣ
ѰʶһɫįǣⶼѾˣұΪ£ڡ
˵⣬ۿ졣

̫Цˣ
֮£˭˵
Խ룬ѰоԽ
Ҳ֪á
һ𣺡ѰҶˡ
ãҸóԵġʶأѰȫǶɵһܵϰߡ
ÿ˵仰ȻȻأͻὫѼõĶóóԵġ
ǰˣҲˡ
ֻǣһ֮Ѱȴסˡ
׻
ֱֱؿվǰһ޳ӰɴʽϵۣŹᣬȨȡ
ֻǡ
ѰΪ㿴ң
ü峺дɻ
ͺǰЩһϲŭ֣ӲҴС
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ѰֻʲôڷͣҪըԴЩ£ѵ
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ٴʵ´Ѱ͸ŵ֮ɫ
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Ѱز桭ô
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ֻЦЦţۿȴʪˡ
ٿƲסԼǰһ޳ӰסΨٶʧƵģۿеˮվǲ
㰡
ૣϲ籬Ļɽؼ伤ʧõĸоĳˮû
ˣûһһʱ˿ǰϲãǰ㼤ǰˡ
ס籧Լ
ʱҹɫոպá


2821 
һʢĲȰǰ
ǰ㣬桢רעʳ
ԶѰڿ⣬͵ľ޴ڻ濾£һȵϸ鱬˵ζҲ֮
ҹɫ£ɽƫƧ֮أƽЩ̻Ϣ
Ѱż̧ͷһǱߣЦ⣬ŵҲЦ⣬ŵĶЦ⡣

Ȼʧá
ǡƷ·ת
û飬ֵùϲá
ԶĵУٿպʮһĻɫҲһĨЦ⡣
ϵľǶԵģȻ͵нԱӡֻҪ߳ڰԺٲ޼ҿɹ֮ˡ
ʮ֪Ը
һ˷ˣȻܸı׽ŪԣҲƵһԺڴϵ裬ϲ
ٿƿڡ

Ա󣬾˯ˡ
Ѱ̸ĵģɼ֮Ȼֲ֮࣬ӿ˵ɺ͸ˡ
ϤԾͳԣ˯˯ֱ仯ֻԼ硣
磬Լڣ
ֻǣѰ֪Լľˡ
һգؽӭţ
飬Щ޹ؽҪҪǣֻΪһЩ顣
֮ǰҹԣݸ顣
Ժٲˡ
оΣ
ٿҵѰЦʵ
ˣȻʡ
ѰЩп
ٿյھãǷ񻹺Ҫ
ѰҡͷѲҪˡ
֮ǰ컯֮棬֮Ҫ̽޷Ϊһϡ
Ѿ䱾ںϣҲѲҪ
ҹһŮӣں컯и컯Դ֮أȥǡ١ʵһͻơ
ٿյգûôǽľ͵һٷӡԴȫǣж̾硣
ѰҲĳ
ҹУһĴվֲмҿɹ顱ĸְɣ
Сѣһ֪
ǰָ㡣
Ѳһ꣬䱾ҹʽһкͼӡҲζţյǰĵС
ٿյ֮ᡢ֮ȡʱ֮Ҳѻ֮ӡĿǰԣĵл޷á
˶٣Ժĵҹӡͻ֮Ͻ
Ҳ˵ΪÿһΣܴһطӡõ˾ƥҹʵ
㲻صǣҹʵӰ죬ףԺϣûҹˡ
˵󣬳ٿһꡣ
һȫͻ⡰١ĴڣȴնУֻΪ߳ڰмҿɹ飬ߣǷ񡭡ã
лǰָ㡣
ѰҲҹʳм
ʵЩҹʸҵģֻתˡ
ٿյ˵֮оѵһʵѾϣ֮Զǰ̬ȣ޷ҲҪһ㾿һˣǷֵи
Ѱ֮ǰһĻĻҲһ󷭹
ಣ
ٿ̧һУ֮ƾոֻ֣̬ѷ仯һͭСƵģɢŲãصϢ
˱ѱҹʽӡ˵ҪСѣ£Ժʱɽ䰲ڴ˱ڣˡʱ⡢Ī档
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Ѱ˵ͷ⡰֮ۡ
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Ѱͨ쵱һѡ
ǰ֪֮ͨʵ
ٿҡͷ͵СԺԼȥĥˡ
浱ȥ֮ʱһصĵӻˣŻڵڰЩ˵Χѡ
Ѱҹʵǰ컯ǵ·ϣһ١УҲһصĵӳ֡ǰͬһڵӣ
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ٿյ̫ӣҲп˵Ϊ游Ϣ̫ҲǵڼԪеһ֮Ļ֡
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ٿҡͷǡĻ֡ˣһ˭Ҳ˵׼
룬˵лᣬҲǰ֮һ⣬ȥо
ѰҲٶ룬ЩڵԣңԶ
Сѣʱ뿪
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˳࣬ѰȻϣ뿪
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ѰһȻԭǰǰϵ
˵ʱѾóݸٿա
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ٿյڣӡڡ
Ѱûж룬иֳ컯ͼ˫ʱεĹǣָ⣬һɬĵӡ
ӡһԿףõΪٸߣҲ컯ǡ
ˣ
Ѱ˵ӡʱһĲɢƬعȻıƵġ
λѣһ
ͬʱٿսգڡ
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ˣǣл
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˵һɸߵ֦ϾһſǳҶǡһǺתк޾ǻԡ

ѰͫһǴ˵е飬ӵܻ֮һǿգ㲻شڡ
ԣӦøлλѰСѲŶԣ컯أҵл˳ǣ
һº͵֮
Ѱ̧ۿȥͼһӰӰƲߣȴƬ񷣬תƮӨʥ컨
Ѱһʥ
ܾǰǸھ֮ǧ
Ҳµġɱġ


2822 Ѫ֮
֤ʱ֪ࡣ
Ѱ޷ǣھ֮áɱġʱʥ仰
һĴȱˣǡ
ԣлѰСѲŶԡ
׼޷Ǵսһˡ
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ѰĿ⿴ȥܿϳսۡ
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ģĶԹƽϡ
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Ϊھ֮ͷ֮
Ĵ𰸺ܼ򵥣׼Ǳ˸ߣƳ˰׹壬衣
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껹˵Ѱľ˾㣬˽ͨؾĴڣ֪Ԩ츳Ŀ¡
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Ѱ˼ǣճٿԣѪڤʺͰʦֲӾһԩҡ
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֦һſǳ֮Ȼը
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򣬱˵Ƭǿɱȥˣһʱͻᱻǿɲս
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Уٿһʵı¡¡ѹǿգѰͷ
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ʵıӲҷ˳ȥ
ٿִꪵģһɫսۣӰɽһͰĵۻʰ㣬ǰѪڤʡ
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¡
طǿҡ
֪ǳһϵսըĴϯɢֳľ
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ֲ̫
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컯ϰٸУܹӵ㾳壬Ҳһ֮
񣬾컯⣬һ㾳ۣǿ֮չսǼֱҪ㣬˲
죡

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컯йǣĻǱٵɡ
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续ֱ˺һĨƥĽ͸ĪӲסɱսì
ì棬ʱпֲޱߵɢ
컯У¸żңԶɵһĻ޵߻ǱͷƤ飬ð
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䣡
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ٿձõ˳
ԶʮλϹŶжһ˿ɫ侹ܵסһ

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ִسǰ


2825 ն
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Ѱ¶ɳٿյӻһɢһϢɱϰٴΡ

вʵ˻쳹춯ء
ұ컯֮ٲ˵뻹ڽ֣֮ʲô㣬ͳͳǼ٣
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㣬ζ䰡
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Һޣ
½Ȼֹʧ
ѰҰָ
ͼԭǿգҲŤѵķ϶ŰĿռϯʹǺ
ʮλ㾳Ҳˡ
۾
ˣ
Ѱ𺳵Ըӡ
ҵ޷ɱҲֻشϾ̤㾳εĽɫɱʵ̫ѡ
һĳٿһϢ游컯ǵͼɱǵĻᡣ
ͼ
Ѱкݺһ컯Ͽյһɫױ
ֻǣأ޷⡣
㾳޾ʴ޾¸Ҳȥֵ˥٣ȥӦԼԪ𡭡
ǺεߣεϵĴڣ
ȴڣҲ䣿
û˲֤㣬𣬿Ҳᱻ˥ٴᱻ١ɱᱻǲڼԪĻĺĨɱ
ٿ˵⣬ʶʲôһ̾ζñ֮֮޷컯棬򣬱رĻָ컯ܵͽ
͸һ˿ơ
ɱһ㾳ڣȴʧȥ컯ĻᣬҲһ˿ʡ
ҲΪΣ֮ǰԸñԭ֮һ
Ѱⲻ˳ٿյ˼ǰǰǻսǲǸǰԮ
ٿЦô㲻ż뿪ˣ
ѰҪĶҪ
ٿѰ򣬵ƢܶθڣȻƵҶñˣȻܾưոݡ
˵ʱѰŲƣ䣬ԭ·컯ǰ
ѰǣǿУꡢȡѪڤǵսǵִʱĻ
һ㾳ε־Աһգ
ٿʶʲôЦ̾
λҲóˣĻԺǵ·ɾֻʣһˡ


2826 طħ
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ܾǰͱڴˣ񼴱ٱȥҲʲô𡣡
ҵȣҪлֵָ㣬·ҵɿ컯֮ӵн֮У
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ȻڽУЩŻܵĵͻͽ֮ǣǱúԪ޵һ޷뿪컯档
ճٿƶϣĻָ컯ܵιܡ
ҪԿֻһ취
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˵⣬ٿյڻ˽֮ǰϲܱ¶ػᱻ컯֮ǵι׽Ϣ
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ĿǵӰʧããǿУ

Сѣ컯֮Ҫúñܣ˽ԴκεطŲƵ컯֮棬һ챦´ʱҪϴ˽
·ϣٿն
Ѱͷʳĵһɻ󣺡ǰΪζñȴò뿪컯֮棿
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پԲУʱͻ񾳣ٴηħľȫһˡ
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⣬ѰĻ䡣

вٲ壬ѰΪɱ
ļҡҡؼҡҡףҵȵȡ
ʲô
Ѱٴʵ
̽Ѱһټ
ԭԵúʵ
شѰһ˭֮
򶫻֮
˵⣬ԭƺҵ̣䶢ѰѣǻȰ㻹ǸϽң򣬿»ͷ


2827 Ѱ
вѰĺ޲ЩЦ
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һ죬Ԫŷ½Ա
ֻΪѰˣ


2828 ھ
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ֱѰշԼĶ츣ʱѾǰݷá
ھŷĳīɽľŵȵȣԪո˷⡢Ʒ棬ŷ崫С԰ȵȡ
һʱ䣬ѰԵúò֡
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⣬ѰȻЦӲϽǵǴụ́


2829 ս
Ѱɻ
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졢ơ¡塢һڴۡ
Ѱѹ֮ǰԼΣҲҪȫԴλ
ȻڣҲζţЩλҪ۾һЩҪӺݺѹסнſµĻᣬҲϲܴ
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ֻǣһǱޣ£ǿҲû취
ü
ûлᣬʹᡣ
ޱֻҪıְĽҪԸֿˣЩУܹҵġ
˶٣˵⣬ٹʮ꣬׽ͥġսͽڡʮħĻʱ򣬻һӳ״ſµľʱ
ս
ڳһӽһ
ÿǧ꣬׽ͥͻᷢһսʱĴͥѡγ̤㲻;ϵĴ˲С
սĵصλڡʮħ򡱡
һƬ첻Ĵ֮أ˼ɱ١
취ǲѰʮħѣǿԹκˡ
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ҲЦ׽ͥӷɽΪУ޷紫ˣѰӲеĻǶʲôţ׽ͥҲӵĻˡ
˵Щ֮磬Ͼʮʱ䣬ʱλˡ

˽ȻӦʡ

ѼǸѰˣ
ͬҹɫ£ԴڵĶУԴһֱȺǵԴӭ
Դһˣ뷢ϡ裬ӻǣݵ繵ֽ
һλʵĳѾԲڣ
ңԵھԴϣŵҲԶѰ
ֻǣһλԴʱȴԵúܹ˳ʹӰ㡣
壬˵ԪĪҪǰңԺ󰡣ҳɡ
Դ
У峤ھӣȰūߣû˹ء
Դҡͷ
ԴȴԳū
Դ̾һҲգǡ
ԴЦЦԴ˵ûشūء
Դ֮ǰˣƽͣʵһǣļҪԪ֮λûϣ
Դ꣬¶һЦݣصǣӿ»ʱ򡣡
Դһü壬Ԫ̣ܺ
ԴЦͷҪʱūҲ²ߣģ֪ˣѴӦڽЩȫΪıȡ֮λ
Դ첻ΪȻЦЦЩҪıȡ֮λ·ϣûѰһЩϼһҿûнϣϣ
˵ƽȴӿ֡


2830 ܶս
һ硣
Ԫ
ִָҪнִ֮λĿˣ
֪Ѱ⣬ڽӴѰһԪӵʱס
ǣȥ뷽ƽǰǡ
Ѱ
ִָԵȡ
ԪӴҴҶȥ
ûãƽӰͳ֣ɫղŸչվҪпˣ
ѰЦǰʲôô
ƽ⵹ûУӵپԲΪȻʸıִ֮λ
˶٣˵ϴξŷ۵Ѿִ¿ˣԽһһȡҲζţҪٵģһս
Ѱһ£ȡˣ
ƽЦϴھŷ۵Ϊųһѹ׽̵̡һڴˣȹףԶһɱȡ
ǡ˲˵л
ѰЩġ
ģٳˣҲ޿๡
ƽ˵⣬ʵս˭
Ԫոʮλִ£ѰҪΪִ£Ҫеһλȡλ֮
ء
Ѱһ֡
ƽ΢У񾳳ڵУΪͻڵļԪոʮλִУսѿȾǰ塣㡭
ѰپԲУһ󾳽磬ôԷ̫
ˡ
Ѱɫƽ
ǰʱ˼
ǷѡأʮλִУֻЩеǿߡ
Եڰһ壬Ѱԣһѡ
Ǻãȥ֪ͨء
ƽٶȰʼж
ӺһԪǰִڱչأ޷ڴ˿̽ս
ƽüЦҼǵǰӣǲŸմӱչֱ߳չˣ
Ļ᲻ش˾٣Ǳս
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Ȼִ±չأǾͻˡ
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˱սֲѰ
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䡣
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ԪոʮλִУ񾳳ڵУۼսЩء
ƽǲһǰĶ츣ء
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Ƶʱ޷
÷ƽɫһЩһòѴͨã˰ɣǾͲӶˣ
Ѱǲ⣬ЦҪ㲻սҲӰ첻󡣲֪ǷǴͨˣԼһԡ
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Ѱǰã֮ͨսܷ񽫶Էһն䣿
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У̫ðʧѡһЩ׵Ķ̽ΪáûӦսҲá
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ÿһսԺرܾǧƪһɣ⡣
ԪաԪ顢ԪеִУЩԲزĽɫֻҪǺѰгģһؾܾӦս
ƽɫ֪ԷѴͨãɵһĻʱ޷ŭ
Ѱ˼˿Ǵþְ취ֹԴΪԴȡĻᡣ
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ѰҲʶһ㣬ģ֮вУз֮ţ塭
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ǰŹأս֮˽ԱܶսõΣѰʡ
ƽܼ򵥣һΪޣһӦսս߿ȡκһ˵λã
Ѱ˵ͷ뵽һ£ԴγΪϵģ
ڵԴڵУ죬츳ӵ񾳴ԲΪʱչ¶侪˵ףΪϣϽֻһСΡ
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ǷҪѡȥսִ£
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ѰҡͷֻЩռݵλøȤ
˵⣬һǰһʱ䣬ʱս
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ǰʱ֪
Ѱ΢΢һЦ

죬йѰִ¿˵ϢʹԪ£һĪĺ䶯
֮УִָսˣһӦսδҲ̫С˰ɣ
ǵСǸִָ»ᣡЩܾӦսִԶǴͨõģˣģ
Ϊִָֹ½֮·ЩϼһһֶδЩˡ
ԴԴ֮Ԫڵľƿɾͱ΢ˡ
Ԫ½ۡ
֪Ϣʱ衢ӺЩһҲüѣĻ᲻ǷЩϼһİţ
ԷǶԣ֪Ϣ󣬶Цľá
ѰԪǻǵһμѰ˳Ա
ΨһǿϧǣѰûսӪеԲڡ
עиĺϷɿ
ŻվıִλãѵΪҵĵ̼ܵˣ
֪ϢԴ죬Ҳе⣬Ц
ѰԽԽ֤УԼѾΪвܵѹ
£Ҳţ
ѰұΪһֵӵĶ֣յı֣ȴЩʧ
Դ̾


2831 ƾ Լս
ضѰͿʼޱչء
ǰӵƾĵ̺ͻᡣ
ʱż
췵غ֮Ծıִ֮λ޷Ϊִº󣬱һγʱıչǱޣֱغ󣬱ֱȥı֮λ
ڣѰıˡ

һѰתʱ䣬ϵڣתӳֳ˼Ĵ
ڴ
һʱ䣬oʥУܻ֮ء
񾳣־ʵһɱ䣬Ӷ֮б仯
پֻܴȥ򣬴ӶԼĲ෨
񾳣ֱӽΪ෨һ֣
ͬһپֻܴвأ෨
ǿ߶ԣֱӽԼĲ෨У
񾳵Ŀ֮
սʱһЩپǿ߼áҲȥѹ񾳴ڣԭڣǿߵĲ෨򣬱ںȻ޾ѹơ
ңǿƷԽߣսʱͷųܾԽֲ
پյĲ෨ű
䡫䡫
ܿ죬Ѱ¯㣬쳹µĵҲһ㣬ͷű֮ơ
ⶴ츣Ԫ̵ڱΣҸؽƣȶ¶һƴ

ڴѰһһžӨ貣С̫Ƶĵҩӳһڡ
򻯵
к׾ƷҩƶɣÿƳһţ̷˵ͻʱƽɰգҴ˵Դ񾳵УŲ˼á
Ҫõ˵ҪλһͬУٶĹҲѻȹ屦
򻯵Ѱھŷ۵õĽ
ԣȻ˵ƾʱĹЧ˵Դ񾳵ĵá
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Ϣȫ
һʱ䣬ڱڣԺѰ˵ӰûС
ֱ
䣡
ѰڵĶУȻ쳹죬㣬ڵĴŰɢöеĽ죬𵴡
ֶһӡ
󣬾ͼѰϥ֮أһڻɬĴԨУתʱ羪κ˰ԡţ뺣Ƶģûһգ丵βʣ
ѰǾεӰҲֳ֮
ͼ֮أӿ֣Բ룬һΰޱȵ־Уףǳɽ쾭γ࣬־ܣ֡
㱼䣬ǲ񻷼ֱһ־Ψһף
ٿѰϣƥĴӿһµɣɵļϣžӨ͸Ĺ⣬ƤĤǡѪҺԻֲ䷢˿԰Ĺ
ڣֱһ磬ӰĴˢžѨϡµ˹켣ǡһĹתݻƵġ
ڵΪı仯ʶ־ɱҪΪˡ
ԭͼʶУתͨһ¯־ѹУȻֳبһ಻ơ
ӿ֮־ܻΪָĴ򣬽ݺύ׳֮
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񻷷ʶ־ɣ
پĲ񻷣û־ģʶе귨࣬Ҳ޷Ի
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ԭһǰͿԷġ
ڣҲ̫
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Ӳ֮ˣȻսһգӦսҪС츳֮ͨУһУһпɾͻᱻն
ȻһЦ˵ģԸһپɫֶοɱ֮ܿеĴ
ãȥɣϷҲǰսΪ

ǣ
תȥ
ִָٴηսִ֮λ
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ϢԼٶȴԪŷ壬Ȼ󲨡
ѰǷپУȥս񾳴Բεܣ
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е»ܿ°Ͳһأ
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죬ȥԪ󡣡
ôȶԾبûǲִָ֪ĵô
ٷϻˣߣ
Ԫ£ЩǴˣͣжһʱ䳯Ԫȥ
ĶԾȷ̫ˡ
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֪ϢԴ춼һ£Щš
ԽԽ֤ӲΪУҲֵΪͷȴСԱߵԴ¶һĨм
ҸоѰӦçײ
Դ棬һȥ˵ʹӼһ棬һӲʶʵ˻ᣬҲԹĦһ
á
ԴͷӦ
ͬһʱ䣬Ԫ
ѴӦսҴ㽫εĶԾڡܵ
ƽ
ȫƾǰѰڵ
ƽѰһۣ̲סѾʱ򣬻һЩࣿ
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ǰӣȶԾʼһ֪
ѰЦ
㰡
ƽεҡҡͷ߰ɣһȥܵ


2832 ֮ս
ܵ
ͷܶӰԪŷĴǣŷĵӺʹˡ
֣˽
ʱʱģĿⶼῴ֮ܵأеһΰӰϡ
һϮۣŵĽɫ˫ָԨsš
ܣ
Ԫոʮλִеһǿڣһλ񾳴Բǿߡ
磬ѿԳһ壡
Ԫ磬ܵĵλҲ;ŷ൱ѳƵǴˡ
ʱɫƽ۹۱ǱǹģȻͶĿ⡣
֪϶˱ΪӦѰսԴСҲûʲô
⡣
ףѰսӦսӰ첢
ǽսܽѰݺݱŰһ٣顣
ЩѰȵҫۣһһǣԪµһڽձԼڽ¡
һ˼ɣ
뵽⣬Ķһ˿΢΢Ŀܡ
ԶȺһɧӵ
Ѱˣ
治֪ôģȥðȻսִ£һܣһǱɡ
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һپԲʱܻ񾳴Բˣ񣬷磬û鷢
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˵ɫӣΪѰҪðʧ顣
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ѵΪܵĶ֣
ϻ˵һս
ܵУܲͷˣʹ㲻У
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ԶҲ俪ڣѰ֮ǰ־ٶжһᡣ
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񾳴ԲϢҲ֮ɢ
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ϣѰûܣҲûãӭϣ
⡭
ԺнԲԼͬһͷ۵ѻʯ
֮󣬻ҪȥӲ۵

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ԤѰһٻһĻδ֣ǰӰûб
еĺɫսìھ
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Ͼ񾳴Բڣһʱͳ֣кɫսì͵غɨ
򵥵ȴ޾ɫף쫷磬Ű󣬴ִķ֯һԵ쳣Ե
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ʼն侲ľ͡
ҲϲΪʶӰ춷ս־


2833 ϲִ
䣡
սУץסᣬ͵ʩչ츳ͨ
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ɫսìϣһƻҰɫĻٿӣִìʱȻըǻ
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ԨתᵲѰǰͼǻԱһһĥ

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ͫ΢Уûе飬ٶʩչѹ׵ֶΡ
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Ȼһ쳹޾Ĺ类˺Ѱ㣬ݺɢ
ڽУһڵն

ֳֺɫսìᵲȴ˫۾ʹƷ㣬ݺݵȥ
⡭
˽Ա
սʱѽǧغϣӵ񾳴Բеȴδռκαˡ
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Զ졢ƵȴüҲ֡
ܵı֣δʧõڴ˾ҲȦɵ㣬ֻǣѰȴѷɫһЩ
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䣡
ֱӱÿѪӰҡΡ
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2834 ͷ
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2835 ʮħ
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2836 ڤ
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Դ֣תȥ


2837 ֮
ͬѰĵꡣ
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ʱһߴСķ֮ţѰԺвðһ󵨵뷨
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֮ͬŽвţܷһɽӡһǳءһƬءһ硭˲û
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ڣⱻһֱڴԨȴ޷ʱ֮ӡС
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Ҳһֱĥȴһѽ֮ŵİúݻ˼£츳Ҳûκɱļ
ѰӰ֮УǱޡ
ָ󣬾ͼ֮硣


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2839 
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ȣԨѲʵɱ䣬ȫһˡ
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ѰԭѼʮԪڲһµʱоͺľԪɽѰõԪõܹԨز
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̫ˣԪʱ֮ͬ޵ߣѽȡ
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ѰǵЦƷĳ£ƺɲָժ


2841
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ѰЦ֪ΪĻڵ飬ĳΪɼģжУĳɲΪЩ飬ƽϣʡǰ档

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ͥļɽж㣬ʵ弾峤ϥµСŮҲأŮƽͣȴоγصĴƣڵھҲͬƳ硣
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׽̺ͷɽ֮ǳйϵǻⲻ֣


2842 ε
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2843 ⵽Ĳս
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2844 
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ڰ˴ħУγɿֲ޳Űؼ䣬Ļ񾳴ԲҲñâ
һ׻ޣӵ׾Ʒڵڰ˴ħϡ
ƷԽߣŻ޵սԽǿȻأ˴ħеĿԽϡٺͺ
飡
ѰָµըʣһɫӿѰƼ䡣
һѰؽƷЩȱ޵ҲܴвĲ෨򡣡
Ҳζţһܳһ塣
ұԣȴԴ
п
񾳴ԲУֻ̤񾳵ڣΪѰҿ˶Ѫʱ䡣
Ԫ̣Ҳ˭ҩΪȹ屦ʵ̫ѵúټ
Ѱ˵ǰԽ𣬵ɱƽ֡
ȴҡͷܾڴ˾زѰѶã㣬ĿǰǷȱľǴ˱
˵ʱӵϼһ޹ǣɱ޵ƾ֤Ĵͥĸߵͣʱ̣ҪЩƾ֤Ķ֡
ѰûƴǣһɵؽƷԨ
䣡
ʱͽؽƷԴ
˫úţɲ͵ԡ
Ѱ
Ԩڵ˫¶С࣬ɵ˷ģ˫ϲᵢ˵дƵġ
ǰҴҸŵĵطԴΪݵ㣬ͼıɱޡ
Ѱ
˵ˣþɡ
ѰȻ˵ͷǰȥ
ϸоʮħϡ
˵ħħ˴ħ򣬽Լ嫣ͺñȰ˸㣬ֻ˴ȴǹͨġ
Ψħħ⡣
ɰ˴ħͨħϲŻʧʱвս߲ܽС
ħͨħϣһҿʱֻ¡
һսʱʮࡣ
ѰǲŸսʮħҲζţڽľУ벻սĸֻڰ˴ħн档
ȻģҲעֻһħС
ɴ˾ͿƶϣΣЩޣЩˡ
ԴˣѰɵʲô
֮һݵ㣬ɱһЩޣѼȻԽԽá
˲һ
ֻҪѼܹԴ
ҲζţػʱȴЩѼͿԽΪġ鵤ҩ
޵ߣֹҪҪķ˼ʱ佫ȻԶԶ޷Ѱȡ
ৣৣ
ãؼ䣬ѰŲƣٶȲ죬ɽ縡Ӱ㾡۵ס
һ·ϣҲ½޵Ӱһͷͷӵе̸ǿ󣬽Ա˺ɱ
ջ񵽵һЩؽƷߵҲֻеؽƷ
Щвȱ覴ã
پǿвԴ෨עһ·ֹƿصޣͻ񾳵ϣ
֮Ψܳһ壬ʺپȥС
Щ񾳶ԣȴѵһĴ֮Ϊž˵ĺô
һ·ѼҲǱѰԨ˫ܡ
ʱ
һһͷĺɫɽӳѰҰ
ǰӦǶħġɽˣҲƬħе׵֮һ
ѰӷУɷֲŲ׻ޣ


2845 ֮
ɽ
ɽа֮ڶԨ֣ʮħ޵ķԴ֮һ
ĲսУսҪȺӣŸƬɽн
ԭڣɽ׻޳û
Բǿ߶ԣؽ׻޵в󣬿׻޾Ͳһˡ
Ȼɲв񾳵
Ѱԣɽȴһѵ֮أ
ʮħعر
Ƭܹ֮Ԫعž˵ĳغ֮
һƬɽӻڵָᱻٵҲڶ̶ھͻָ
ˣɽȴ֮أ¸ǰﷶΧҲ޷һδεĲսӴ
ʵϣֲʮħеҲˡ
ÿǧ꣬ʮħеɽͻᷢı仯Ҳ֮ޡ
ļתѭ
ڣѰɽеɽѾȫһ
ͷ·ʮħһֱڽŽݱ䡣
ܲ˼顣
ѰΪ˲̽ʮħعİء
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ɱޣռΪ
Ⱥɽ֣޾ҝɽϿգżһ޺ɽ޺͸˲
ϣ
Уһ޻ĺɫսϢҲ֮һ䣬ɽӰɢɱ֮
ɽ񾳴ԲεϹҲҵ
ѰƾɽӴƣȵʦɽľȫһ
ɽơı仯ȺɽӳֳУݳͰء

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Ѱһȥ
һƺ⣬̲סϣɷӿؼ֮ԶһɽˮɱķĪ⡭
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ѰڵԽȴ֮أɱޡǰصģ
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ԪʱѰһֱǿᣬǹƣΪΪ
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䣡䣡䣡
˽ɽŲǰûãһƬqqɽɷһ춯صĺɽӶ𶯡
ţһ˫˫ڷɷеɺ죬еı̣еĲȻգеѩ
飬ϰ֮ڣ
ͬʱֲӵɽХϯƬأɢıɱ⣬˷ơ
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˭룬Ѱǵ˱ܣսӿǰֻ迴žǣ
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ԶɷȻը飬һͷͷ޵ӰеӴɽɺۼףеŹǳᣬƣе״ʨݷеġ
ϰ֮ڵޣһ֣ǵ֮ƳÿһɢƣԿֲǿ߶Ĳ
ȴѰ˷Ԩ
ˣ
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ţһԽĽ쳹أͼԨһڵȻӳкɨ
羲ֹγһɲͣ͡
ϰͷ޼صӰ羲ֹϵͼƵġ
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飡
ܼ֮Ҳ籬쳹УĶǡ
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񾳳ܹӵе
һѰնһ͵߸֪
ǰѰԪոһִܵһսҲ羡۵ףʱѰչ¶սѿ졣
ǺͽȣѰսȫһˡ
УСϾʲôɻ
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صʱ֮Խͨͷʱ֮ɲȫѰԼԤϡ
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ӣϰ֮ڵȺͱ壬ʬɽӣ
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Ժиһ뷨Լˡ
ϧˣЩһɫĵؽƷߵҲֻؽƷ඼ǵؽƷҵĻɫ
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ջ󣬿ɶһЩƷѰЩź
紽ǳ鴤һ£Цá
˵õ˷սƷ˷˰ɣ


2846 ݵ
һսѰõʮ
֮ǰһЩ𣬾ͺʮħ򣬸㡣
ѰѾˡ
ЩԨ󣬶ӾĿ⿴ԶǰǼǰ
ЪһЪ
̲ס
һʺϵݵĵطЪϢҲ١
Ѱڵ
翴ˣ˿̵Ѱ˷ܣɽԵԻƵģ־˶ڴ
ΣСһЩΪáѵ
Ѱ˵ͷ
˼ǰС
ɽճŲӵϢǰʱѰҲҴ⡣
ֻһ·ϣֻһЩȺޣû֮ǰǰģӴȺ
ֱн֮أѰٿȻ㣬ĿǰԶһɫɽϡ
׻޵Ϣ
һ
ƺֹһͷ
Ѱ˷ܣҴɽƼѣѹѡ˵Ϊݵ㣬½ƴǾ͵ⶫħ֮ء
꣡
ɱҲãԸҲգҪһԲľݵ㡣
ս»Ὣ˵ػٵ

򵥣ȥճ
Ѱɿ
Ӱһľƾճ֣һ⳯Զһɫɽȥ
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ݺ󷽣һͷţƤëڵޣŹɫ绡
󷽵ģһεޣϸͭƬһųªԴ
ͷϢɢ֮ҡضƲ飬Եǿޱȡ
ۼҪ׷Ѱľ塣
ৣ
һĺɫȻնԵƥĵЮҫ۵ķ

˫Ĵ򣬾ǽһסˡ
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䣡
쵶Ӱ֣ɫҹĻ٣ɭȻԵĵɢɱһš
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ĻῴѰöս
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֪ѰӵвǱܣĵ;Ҳκ˲һ֪ͬѰǷ֮ȴŵһԨ츳
ֻǣ֪֪Ѱ񾳳ڵΪȴչֳ񾳴Բڶй֮޲սʱ޷𺳡
䣡
ܿ죬޵ըķѣѰһȭ
ͬʱѰľҲóѣֻС

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Ȼѵޱȵ屦ֻѰǣǲġ
㡣
߹ɱõһƷݸѰ
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Ѿ˽񾳴Բڣһȷ޷С
ѰѴע⣬ʮħɱ׾ƷεҪ硣
ûе飬ԭ·أܿһɫɽϡ
ǰԽǵľݵˡ
Ѱк
˵ͷ
ɽǶħ׵֮һԴ˵Ϊݵ㣬ڽһʱ޷ɱޡ
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Ԩ˫дˣؽԴһٶʮѳΪһԴ޷ںϣֻԼһһ
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һ̣ԨУӿһȭͷСĹţ貳ʢֱһִհ㣬ԡ
ŵԴֱӿ
ѰһſڽһԴڡ
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ڲһˣʮħֲŲ֪ٵޣҲζţѼԴԴϵ
ʱĿϰںһԴ
䣡
ںмɢͻ͵⣬תһʥ
ʱƣͣͲǰΪҲۿɼٶȿʼһ
٣

ʯɳĮ
ħ׵֮һ
Դ졢ܱӰɶС
һ·䶼һЩؽ׻ޣҵûôռûȥȴ԰ﵽ
ܱЦſڡ
ľΪãʮħŷֱ֣һȻı⣬ɱ֮ޣȻҲȡ֮
ȻЩвȱɶǿ߶ԣȴǾѵ屦
ܳԼǡ
ҲЦ
βսĹأɱʮͷӵеؽһƷõսֻ൱ɱһͷؽ׶ƷõսԴƣɱĻӵеÿһƷףܵʮս
ԴڵĻɱһͷ׾Ʒޣܻöս
ܱһЦԴԲսģʮĴͥս߽ʱֻҪһ˭ɱ׾Ʒ࣬˭еһ
ԴҵȻ֪ɱ׾Ʒһأ
Ǿͱһ˭ɱװƷ޶ࡣ
ܱ˼
ԴЦȥͺԴĳ֮ǰ˵һȻ˵Ĳʮʱֻ˭ɱ׾Ʒ޶͹ˡ
˵⣬ȻŤͷĿ⿴ܱǰǰ׷ɱһͷؽ֮󣬻ʲô
ܱͫȻһ
ԴɫƽҲϣƤСҲϲߵ
ܱ巢ŵԴϣֻǽѰӵȥ򣬸һЩ֪ЩϢˡԴϣǲԴΪС·ġ


2847 
ԴӲܱƬ̣ܳϣŸսʮħһ죬Ȳ
ܱɫԸˣԵ֮Ѱĵ̺սѼ㹻Ϊػͻͽɱ䣬ԺҪɱ»ԽԽѡ
ԴĵУһؽһƷҪã
졣
ؽ׶Ʒأ
졣
ؽ׾Ʒأ
š¡
ܱɵ
ԴʣãѰѼ㹻ҪǳҪã
ܱһʱĬˡ
Դ쳤̾Ԫ̵ˣڻţΪɱսǶԣҲģˣ̫ϧˣ
ܱͷ
ͬԴĿȴȥ
ˣȻ㶼жҲûлء
Դң֮ǰϢ˭
ܱæʮͷǿߡ
ǣ
Դ˼Ƭ̣Ҳȥɽһ⡣
ԱһֱûпڵһԴϴԶ֣
ҴѰʱһѡ
Դ˵ţ͸ıģԶȥ
ܱһۣҲȥ


ԶԶؿɽĬ
һϮۣӰǹͦһƹŽһͷīһģӢ䣬ˡ
ǲͷϵĺᣬѡ֮ӣ׸һλϹŶС
񾳴Բڡ
ڵڰһָĿܣ¡
ֻУȴڰ·С
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гһǰھȥЩӡŮһϸߵͣ
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ڡ
λҵǿߣ֤񾳶Ϲ
ԣһ˵ǰһ˫ֵ˹ȥ
淭ġ
мйѰĴС飬ֹԪеĸֱ֣ڴǧսеΪҲһһϡ
ѷĶΣÿһζĥ͸ĸоʵ޷һˣͳ˷֮ȴŵĴˣӵս
뿪Ԫʱ䣬һʱ䣬ȥ
Ȼʡ
Ԫ̸Ŵ뿪Ԫ̣֮󣬾ûϢ෽̽ȴһ񣬲һЩ˵ķӼȥ컯֮档
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΢УĬƬ̣𣬵桢ǿ߿Ϣ
ʱĳУֹҵĲսߣϡϡϡĴͷһڲսߡ
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˶٣˵ϣжУǿϣҵǲλף
ЩԸͷĲսһеĶڣĪƣƢҲͬ
ɴʱȴԵúûɣҲû˷
Ϊ˵һͷϵѡ֮ӣ
ӰԴǰжˡϢһʱ
´
á
Ӱλǿ߳Զɽȥ
λӴ˿̿ʼս׼˭Բκδ⡣
ֻܸǣѰ˲һҪΪֻڣͿԵϣǽϵĵƺɱﵶ׼׵øս׼
һݣЩš
˿̣Ȼͷǿ߻ûִڳЩ񾳴ڶжʮˡ
ÿһ񾳴Բ
ÿһǧһĺݽɫ
£ֻǶԸһѰҪøս׼
ΪΣҲϣΣһϢ֤ѰöԸ
˵գת뿪һǣڱɽĬ
ͦǹӰȻڡ

սĺۼ
ɽУһŻ۵ľ˿ڡ
һƬɽУ㣬Ѫɫ͸档
壬ܷսۼпһЩʲô
Ӱʡ
ƬصϢⲵӵ㶯ûҲ޷ԭ˵صս̡
߳սۼϿӦһսֵ࣬Щ޵ĶֲδˣɱΧȻȥ
ܱϢ˵ѰһԪ̵ĳϸ棬ǵͣҲ԰쵽һ㡣
Ӱ˵ţŻߵ˳ǰȥ
һ·ϣԷһЩսۼþӰǵѰжҲü
˶ۼֻ֤ѰӦ֪ټѾԪ̵˳ˡ
·ϣЦ
ܱԪ̳ϣȴǷһǿߣȻվʮͷߡ
ӰڵλһЩǵĿֻѰֵټǺͶԷɱ

һϸ΢Ȼһ۵һһɫ΢΢
ͫнƲϢǵĳ֣ܱˣ
Ӱ֣
תҪ˵ͬʱѳһö壬͵顣
ž
廯һƻĹȥ
ɵӰһ˸Ҫ룬һ̾
û뵽ӦͦģټֵĴѶ
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εһն
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ǰԵƥһûͫһ
ҲҲϵıԪ֮˵Уǻòͷˡ俪ڡ
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˵ţ͵һһѩķɽ
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ڴʱѰ΢΢һЦ˾ߣô˵顣
ͼ˷У½߳һѰĴΧ֮ƣƬء
гھӰӶݷϣһġ
䣡
٣ڿֲĻ档
ӰӰǱشдܳһ͵ǴһĨ֮ɫ


2848 
ɱ
ӰָһڵĶУý޳Ӱ͵һ̤գ塣
Ӧ죬һɱ֮ȥʱһ񾳴Բת£ʩչԼǿһ
ৣ
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䷴ӦʱǺɨȫĽѹȶߣ
ɫ䣬ͨ

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ӰҰУλͬѱ£ÿһɫ

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ֹǾӰ綼Щ㱡
ӽʮħڣŲʱ䡣
Щ죬Ѱһֱڱչأռе
ֻǣҲ֮ǰʱ͵ط֣ѰΪһأпҪͻڵļ
ֹ٣ֱţ
ҲҪʱġ
̶ѰȴڶΪϲʵ˴Ľ
뵽⣬ѾʶԼʶѰϵһܣܺйأ
սŸտʼʱ䣬ǾʹħƺרΪĳǡ֪ĳټģ
Ѱʵ
Ӱ첻
λͬҲһԲ
飡
ˮ嶯֣һ߻У
һλԾϵ񾳴Բھ㱻ɱˣ
һĻ̼þӰɫ䡣
ʱ䱦λûǱ˷ʱ䡣
Ѱڵ
Ӱд⣺ɽ⣬ͷĲս߽Իڴˣ֮ǰѴϢò˶ãѰڽӣ
飡
һ񾳴Բڱɱ屬飬ҽ
Ӱ۾ѪҧгݵѰ㲻ú
飡飡
ʣµϲսߣҲе
һĻĻѪȺþӰ˶б֮С
Ѱǰ

ѰЦǾ͸һ棬ʱԣһ֮
˵ʱӰԨһƾŲƶȥ
Ǹ뿪ûá
һƿһǿߺХ
еѪȺۼʱ˶ɫ䡣
ǰ󲻹ӣӰǾˣ
ڣӦҪԸĶ֣Ǻεȼ˰ɣ
һĬ
ѰӦ뿪ûá
һѵ
ҪҪ׷
˵Ŀⶼ
ʮͷĲսߣʮ֮ڣÿͷҲǲλ񾳴ڰˡ
񣬶ԸѰжŽտʼһλս߾ͱһ˵Ҳ
׷
³һ֡
ûлͷβɱѰҪץסĻỹ֪Ҫȶá
ȳǰŲƶȥ
˽æϡ
λǰʱϽЯеֵʱرȰλǲҪٲھϡ
·ϣƶϲ֮ǰӰѣǱѰԽͨһֲλɱˣӻ֮նһУ͵Ϯ
û˵꣬ѸóЯرۡͭơӡȵȣ廨ţŻɬϢ
жǰǾѰϸϣ̳дԨ츳ɱﵾǺʱйص츳ͨ
ʶǸԽֵܹʱرóһһЩսЯ
ˣƽһЩ
ܾǰڰʮͷͼʶԨ츳ĿֲΪ˶Ըͨ죬Ǹ˳شۡ
Ҳˣʮͷӵ˶ԿԨ츳ľ顣
˴ЩսЯرרŶԿ͵ֵʱı
ӰҲƵıͻսûʱȥЩͱѰһ¡
ҲΪǰ׼Եڡ
֪ͨڸĲսߣҲ׼
´
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һһףһѶȥ
ƹŽȡ£֡
С͹߳
Уһɫĵ顣
ʱ飡
ʯ㾧Ө͸ӿػɬ绡ʱͿռײγɵһ֡ʱס
ܾǰҵһλϹŶƾʱ飬ס֮ͨУ֮սǰغϡ
䲻ȡʤȴǣסͨжӶΧͨϹﴴ˾ѵĻᣬһͨѣ
ŵ˵ʱҵر
ڣ˱ãɴ˿ɼҶλѡ֮ӡء
һУĳƽ˻һŵķɡ
ѰΪͷŴУ˿
ͬţαؿɽѰ£ֵʮͷһΧͨ׳٣
ɽã͵֡
ɽɽӼݺᡣ
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ৣ
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޻ƹŽĽɽӾͼһĽ˺һ¡
ǲ׵ʱıһݿɢ糱
ն
ɱ
ͣ
ͬһʱ䣬һ֣ǹȥĵԼֱѵأֲĲ
˲Ϣһ޺ӹ͸žͿ־壬ؼþûصš
ˣɱڵһŶ
ԭһͷޣһ⵽Ѱ͵Ϯ
Цſڡ
ҲЦˣЩԼղŵķӦǲ̫ˡ
֮ǰޣӵһƷǲɶõ䱦λԵȣȥȡ
һϵ߳һʱǹ
һĻĪظеһ˿Ծ
ڴʱ
ǹ˾ŭĴУ



2849 ǰǺ

֣쳹ء
һ˲ȻֹֻлɽӼص
ͫɫ΢䡣
ɱ
ϵЩսѷŭ֣ʩչһԳǹȥ
ʱָɽӶ̮飬ӲһɷΧĴӣ̳
ضھҵҡΡ
Ǵȴ޵˵ټ
ڴʱԶУƾֳһӰȻ硣
һһѪܵͷ­һźɫսɽӰһս㡣
һͷЩս߽ԷŭΪɱǵˣǸ֮ǰǱ빵񾳴Բǿߡ
ʮͷҪԪΪаҲãԺǱһһ㣡
俪ڣ˵գתȥ
׷
ЩϲսߵһʱŲգǰȥ
׷
һҲ´
Ƥ£ɱߵһͬ飬Ҳӿɱ
Ȼڴʱ
ͷϿգٿһʱѷ죬ֱһͻȻѿһ㡣
ѷУһɷΧʱŻ֯ſֲʱɬͨĴһ̿
ɽӽԱ£
ɫױˡ
ϲǺεͨɣȻʹԨ츳йء
춯رӳ򣡡
һ̺侲´ͬʱӰˡ
¡
ɷΧʱŻ͵³ֱҪûƬأͬʱҲżֲ֮Żͷš
ͼƬһɽӱ𣬾ʱŻؿǶѣһ
еֻ׹籩УֲϯӰвܿƵļ

𣡡
ͣ
Ǵ𣬽߾һУһԱӿԵرƴƵȥԿ
ЩرͬĹϼѤöĿǵֵסʱŻͷų
ңɫһ߶Կţһ߳Զȥ
¡
ضҾɳʯ
ԶԶһɷΧʱŻһѪڣ͵ء
˵ʵһжڼʱڷ
䣡
ܿ죬ʱŻ׸ضʱֽ㲻³ɡǧɡ
ʱ飬ǹӰԡɫ׵ӰС
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һܿһٵģŽʮһˣλͬ飬ûüӳʱŻûˣ
λͬ鶯Եֿʱر޼¡
ԭǣʱŻֵ̫ͻȻΧҲ̫󣬸֮ء
ɷΧڣܵʱǣƺͽ˱ʱа棬λ񾳴ûӳӰױɵ
ҡػΣ̳ɽӳݡ
ʱŻʧˡ
˵ɫѱ֮
ǰ󲻹գۣһپ㽵٣ܲŭ

أȣƹŽ͵бն
ԶգȻ
һӰոӳȻѰ
ϧˣûһ·
Ѱ̾
Ѱ
۾죬ɱӿߺֱӾŲգɱ˹ȥ
ѰһۣתԶݡ
ⲻǳǿʱ
֮ǰսУѰԷбЯеֵʱر
£Ƕý֮ͨС֮ţҲ̫á
Ӳƴܲǡ
ѰǰɱӰʱѶýͨղȫ÷֮ţǬɷΧһҲһҡ
æһսУҲ಻ɿص
ѰɲţʮͷɳĲսߣû׼һЩɱﵡ
£ѡ
ⳡսʮ꣬еǻὫԷһһɱɲؼھͺͶԷƴһ
ৣৣ
УѰŲƵٶ죬˸һԾǧɾ롣
׷ǵĵҲСһֱں󷽽׷ᡣ
Ӷζ츳ͨļԼŲסΣҲ뽫£
ɫ䡣
Ӱ˵ѣֲͷϡ
֮ǰһش죬ȴ޷ж
׼㣬øȫ׼ɻû뵽ѰûжýͨҲûж֮Уȴһȫ֪ҲȫԤϵĿֲͨ
һͨŴһ벻
˿֮ǰһĻɲȻ
һʱŻɷΧɽǬֱ֮֮ͨи£
ҲѰʩչͨļ
ȥ
׷ʱһ£һѩķɵӳƾʧ
նɵ
˲Ϣ֮⣬նͷ
ԶŲƵѰƤһһʱ佫ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣסⱩɱһ

նɵͽײԱŽ
ѰԾǿɱѪһڡ
ն
ն
ն
һУ٣նɵѰкùѰǣס

춯صĺ쳹ÿһն£ǿֲ֮ܶסѰŲƵٶȴܵӰ졣
˾һ
ৣ
ۼնɵֱɱԨУȻӳһڵ޿ƥеƺȥ
꣡
һ̶Ĵ죬նɵһڣõȥ
ܴǣۣҲʳһ˿Ѫգдɫ
նɵ洫֮һϴɣƵĲ֮һڵڰźպ
ڣȴӲӲɱУһڣ
һеĽδҲ̫ǿˡ
ɫնɵȥƴΨʹ˱ٵ
ֻǣۼٳ޷׷Ѱ磬Ķӿһ˿
ڴʱ
ԶУȻŹͻķ⣬ضҫ۳ʢ
ɽӶһƬʥ
̵Ĳսߣ
˾
ȻҲΪɱѰ
ڽӣ
˶˷
ΨüӿǿҵĲʡ
ⳡɱѰжǵġ
ڣͥĲսȴҪнغһԸʹ죿
ͬʱѰȻֹüͷ
ԶУĵӰÿһ紫˵еķӰ㣬ӿǵأ
ϸȻͥĲս߿ŷ·
̺ʱҲѧ˳û٣
ɫѿ
սĴ֮ͥ棬ܻĪǵ㣿
Ϊ׵Ŀׯƽ
˵ʱλѴӼԶƶϵϢأֱյɽںƣѰǵǰ·
ں󷽣ʮҲڿٿ
ʱ̣Ѱϣһڽµһɽۣ֮ǰͽҰɡ


2850 
ɽ֮ۡ
Ѱ粢
ǰλ̷ǧ֮㣬ؼ䣬ʥ
󷽣˻֣Ҳǧ֮ص㡣
λ̵ѣΪͻĳϣλһѰӽɱ
Ȼڡ
ѡ֮ӣ̵޵ʱҲʮ㡣
̴УҵȽţԳʹλҪҵΪѡ
Ϊ׵Ŀ˫ֺʮƽڡ
Ȼ˫֮ѡֹûеһʱ֣Ǳ˴˹˼ɣɱѰսͻ
ӿ˵ŭɱ
Ӫƾ׸ˣ
ѰɫΨһÿ¡
ͬʱüͷһ𣬵˽ֻ֣ѰӸָʱ䡣λֲãǾֻܸƾֶˡ
Ҳá
ͷɫ
䣡
һ̧ƹŽȻնѰ
һƹգ춯أ
ͬʱҲˣһڽӲӵĲڿգۿбӿ貳ʢķѰɽȥ
ϣ
ӶɫսҪֵڴʱ
ؼʱܵǣ裬˿˿Ƶʱһ𣬻һ翵Ľɽ¡
Ľ׶츳ͨʱӡ
նһһʱӡϢɢǴӽɫкķҲϢر
ûкûײ
ѩˮţ뺣
ⲻ˼һĻ˺Ϳһ
ʱ֮ɵĽƣ
¶֮ɫ
ʱⱾϵһִ۾Ը֪޷
Բ򣬵ҲֻƤë޷ҡ
䣬ҲΨ㾳ڣſȥʱİأ
ڣѰȴʱ֮
֪Ѱ츳ʱйأһĻ͵߸֪
ֹڳҲĪ
һƮĬĬս
ֻǣѰ˿̵ɫȴ쳣ĲҰף֮Ȼʱƣļ
ʵϣѰ˿̵״̬ѱ;ƿݵıԵ
ӻɱӰʼڣȺý֮ͨţٵ˿̶ʱӡһжҪľ
ǰǣǾڴ˵شޱǡ
Ѱ˵ţϥץһ²൤۹۱Ǳǹģȫ
ڸĵˣȫˣ޶á
һ£̲סЦҲϥ£ЧѰʼޡ
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ŵλüëҲ
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ҡҷʱãһȦȦƵģѰߵɽɢ
飡
ܼı쳹ͼһȦȦʱӡײ󣬷Ϫ֮Уʱӡȫȡûˡ
ɫ΢䣬æƣüѷһĨɡ
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ٿѰ磬УޣһɻȻҵģ
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Ѱķ֮֮ͨ£һոλսߵ
ԭʮ˹ģĶ飬ȴֻʣʮˡ
صʧ˭ܲŭ
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ʱᣬעһֱάϵȥò˶ãͻɢ
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ȽļҾͲţܹʮ꣡
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İ취ɴʱ˿̣Ǳѡ
ģǾ͸ģ
˶ݺݵʮѰ֧ŵʱĨɱԣ
ԶĿŵ˱˴˶ӣЩΡ
Ǻ˲һμӲսĿĲֻǶԸѰҪɱޣ۹
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һϿϿգһĻʱԴҲһ¡
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ѰԱΧˣƾһǿţҿҲŲ̫ã
ֻܱ
ʱƣһϵĵƿ湻ģϧޡ
䡣
ȷϧˡ
Դ̾ұһѣڿһǲϽȥᱻ˺̵Ĳս֡䲻壬Ҳ鷳
ܱЦԴԼǣѰ͵ԼˮΪǡ
Դϣǽ
ʡ
ԴĬƬ̣˵˵صϢȥ׽̵Ĳս߻
ܱһȻᣡ
£ɡ
ҲЦ
Ѱ˵أЩڵ֪Ϣɿܻ޶ԣ
ʵҪƽ˾Ҳܼ򵥣λɽ˾£ԴΪвȣؿѰ޷ٶ㵽ʱС
ԴڵϧǣɽǴ˴̲սߵ죬Ƣͱԣϲ
˵һ̾
ܱ˸þ֪£ػǰѰʱػᷢһЩ벻⡣
ԴƳһۣ޴ɽҲˣ˵ž
ܱɫڨڨԴϽѵĶԡ
ֻѶ׽̵˱ɡ
ԴƬ̣ϣ׽̡̡ʮͷѰΡӦлŵĻˡ
Եúֻܽ˵Ӧǡԡ
Ϊκûнǰű
Դ϶ѰܹıѾˣ


2851 С仯 
Ѱڶʱ
ϡϡϡϡͷĶʮλս߸һ˻һ
һӣһǡ
Զλڴ˵Ⱥһ£ɼǵѡ˳롣
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£׽̵Ĳս߸Ҳλһѡ
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Ϊһζżܻᷢͻ
ԴԷ硢ˮɽˣ֮Բ뵽εĲսУĿӦúһ
Ϊ˶ȡʮħе컯컯ܺйأ
컯ħ
˭Ҫǰħֻܵȵʮ
Ҳζţǰħ֮ǰԷЩӡŮϲһЩ顣
ҲΪðա
ʮͷĲսߣĿ궼ȷΪԸѰʶŻһսŸտʼʦڡ
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Դϡ
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ܱЩʣſѰɱ
ԴüλǴԪ̣Ҫˣɱ޻սǵ£οΪѰܹŴʮħ뿪ܻŷԪ̲ɣ
˵գתȥ
ܱæϡ

ǰ
ĵ죬ѰӴ۾һȥɱУ͵Ⱥڴ˾ˡ
һҰæ
ء
ѰЦˡ
ʱսӡƿأܹ֧Ű£Զҹǰ㣬´˽Ӵ¡
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ֳƹŽʱ飬䣬λս׼
ڳʮ˽Դ
λõˡ
Ѱʱսӡ߳Ԩ⽫εӰԡС
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˶һоѰ˾ټֱ㡣
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ɱ
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á
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ৣ
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ⱻѰץס˻ᣡ
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ٷŭȴҲòܡ
ΪʱܶԿ֮ţȴӰǣ
ǿ߾ûǰˣһα֮ŵӰģץסͳȥ
¡
춯صĺ쳹һΣ˱ɱ
ÿһǧһĶڣԲеĺݽɫ磬һĴ
ɴʱȴѰԷ֮ͨϻɱ
̼˶ƵѪ
ǻӲ˹ܵսһʱйص츳ͨǾмܣ
̫˼顣
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ɲ֪ǾչУѰΪ̽Ѱ֮ڵѽͨյ˳뻯Ƿ켫ĵز
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2852 
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2853 ನ
Ѱ糯ɽȥ
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2854 ɱ
ܱһݣͷ
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2855 ޳
ʱ׹
ʱɱԴ죬ȺʮħԴزݣھԴϱزݡ
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ʱ׽̲սԲԷΪףѰɱһͷ׻ʱȻѣνΣ֮
䲻ݷ֮ʣѰʩչʱӡ֮赲Żһͻأɱ١
һУҲòԷʶʱӡ̽ǿЧ󣬾ˡ
ѰʱûзҲû׷ɱΪʱսУ˲Է֮⣬̵λҲڰС
ξҲѰ費١
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һսɱʮͷ޵Ѱ˵
ͻˣ
ʡ
Ѱ治ͬħУɱĵؽ׻Ŀǧ֮ڣɱ׻һͷ
ЩѰΪԲزֻһ

Ѱ˵ͷҲڴ֮ɫ
ϴƾʱŽֻʱ䣬һνҪͻȴķ˽ӽʱ䡣
ף׻޵̫ϡ٣ؽ׻ӵе޷Ѱƾ
ѰԣȽѺܲˡ
ûвμβսΪ񾳺ʱҪķѶ೤ʱ䡣
ǧ궼ٵģ
ò˵һô꣬СӾҼͻһˣû֮һ
пʵ޷ĵ𶯡
磬ĽٶȣԾһ漣Եһ˿ɴƵļ¼
˭ڲμӲսʱŽ񾳳Ϊأ
ѰҲЦ
β벻սĸǿߣһɫ񾳴ԲУȡٶ࣬ҲΪûжٰ
磬һʼ͸ѰòЩ
սҲͬˡ
ˣͳеѰһ˵ĽǺεѸˡ
֮ѰƾȡΪһ׷ʮħеսߣ
սĻֲһˡ
񾳳ʱѰɱ˲ٲսߡ
ڵͻ񾳺ڣ
죬ѰһƧ֮أʱӡ㽫ѼԴԨȡʼ
һ໤

ؼȻһƵĺҡ춯żԶĵطһ޺ܼľװ쳹
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ǵƣҲɫ䡣
޳
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2856 뾻ǹ
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Ӹ߿иѰ綼ǼԶؼ䣬޵Ӱֱɫķ籩Űƣ֮˰㣬Ŀꡣ
Ѱ粻ҵâԶԶܡ
߽ǣӴ޳ΪǶһ·Ӷڿ񱼡
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ͨħϿǰֲ˴ħеޣԻӦ۳ȺǰħԨ
ѰһҲʱǵħ򣬾λڵħԨ
ЩɺͼȡʵɵԽܹ࣬Խǿ󡣶ǵħԨ֮£
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ѰҲдţ˵ǵħԨ֮£ܵٻŻޱ
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뾻ǹ
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ҲΪ˽ֵһ׮¡
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ʱҲЩȡ
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Դ졢Է綼֣Ů˹Ȼ򵥰
Ѱ˼
ǵãԴÿɽʱе΢ɫȣҲмɵ
Ҳǵã׽ʱżɽ֣һٳΪĿľ
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Ѱ˼ʱԶȻһ
ͬʱѰע⵽ɽĿңңԼһԵ羧Ө͸ǳƵġ
αȣ
Ѱһü
ɽӶ뾻ǹָԶ޳Ӵ˿̿ʼһֱħԨ˭ɱ޶ࡣֻƷףֻҪӮˣҸһܡ
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ԶȺʮͷ޵ǷٻΪҽ
ɽ޳Ӱƻʵ죬˲Ϣ׷޳սʱ׿оγ֮ƣ
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䣡
ͻڵĵкȻתѰһ䣬εӰ⣬ܻΪԨɬĪ
Ԩһʱ
ԶԶһֱһԶɽݺ޳УʱһͷͷӰ飬ضһ޴ĿӶѪ
һʮͷޣ
ԵѪȵһĻ綼Ƥֱ񾳺ڵѰսñǰˡ
񾳺ڣ
һУɽҲ¶һ˿ȻĿ⣬һ뾻ǹȥ
磡
ǺƺƵȺп񱼣˭У¶֮Σ
ʱЩ޿ɲƾ׸Ҳᱻŭ緢ƵĽзǵƣҲ˭ȥӲ
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޳Զ񱼣ֱ޳ϱ࣬׷޳ϳ֡
һʱ䣬ͼ޳УʱʱлһƬޱɱٻΪҽ򱻺ɱһ·Ѫȡ
һֱ׷ں󷽵ѹ˲𺳣ӵƵһ·׷ںʰһ·ϵսƷ
ʱҲɸˣ
ûãһЦŵ٩ζ
̲սӡ̸ơη˵Ӱ֣٩ģ̸ơ
ܾǰͺʶֲʶĽ顣
ٷϻɽɱĹǲҪĻɶԪˡ
ߣɨսƷĶˣɽһ·ɱսƷ˲١
̸ƶʱˣܻСӣס֣


2857 ħԨ
̸ƴʱѳ죬һ֣СӶ̵ս
ӡηĸҵҲɨսƷĶС
粻ߣ˵ҸǲҲˣ
̸ƶʱΣӲܲԪ̰ռˡ˵Ԫ̵Ѱͻڵģ
Ȼ
ޱȿ϶Ժζ
Nɪ
̸ƳһۣҿǿҲȲüɽǵھµŮھȺһ
Ļܼ򵥣ɽ̴𣿡
һ仰̸ҭð
ɽپޣҲ̴ˣѰȴʵʵԪ̴ˡ
죬̸Ʋ֣ûǴѰǷɽˣŰԪ̡
Ԫ̣Ԫ̴ˣ⣿
̸һʱ
ʵĲݱ粵
ںһ̸߽һɨսƷǰѰͼɽڽһҵľ
ֻǣǺƺƵ޳һһرɱһصĲ֫Ѫȡ
ܲ˼顣
սϣ¶еϾһɱʮͷ޵飬ǶɱﵵĻҲ԰쵽Ҫõؽɱ¾ȴ첻
ѰͼɽһһǿƺͰԵÿһնɱʮͷնɱʮͷ
Ȼдǵؽޣ׻޼١
ˣҲսˡ
һ·ںɨսƷ硢̸ƵˣѼսƷʱҲ֪ѰͼɽɱĻ޵Ʒ׸ߵͺ;Ҳ
ⳡʼˣ
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Դˣɽȴһ˿Ц⣬аˣҲ޷ȫȳ
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ǰɰ۵У뾻ǹȻ⣬ͷųԾɫ棬֮һͷͷ޻ҽƮ޿ɵֵ
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Ѱĥ͸ǣɽҲͬδ츳
Ѱ֮ǰ˽⣬ɽ츳أת֮йء
ڵھ츳ͨ
˵ͨʩչ󣬵类ƽ֮УɼһенԽںƽתɿգ
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֤ɽһнһеƱ¶
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ѰȫԨХֳݿ֮ƣնɱҲǿ
ԶĿһеļɽûж˵ʲôΨһˡ
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ԶȻһһޱĴԨɫƽҹɫקԨػ谵
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ͼϣХԲ˼ٶŲǰһϰ㣬Ӳ޳С
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ĻῴѰᵲǼֵԽãɱ¾޾ͻԽࣿ
⣬ܻѰʵ־ط̣
ݣ
̸ҧ
ӺηҲһ󽹼
ɽǿɶѽܡ
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̸Ƶһۣ˵ʲôȴɽȻı䷽򣬳뾻ǹѰߵȺɱ
ѰᵲǰӺ󷽽ɱ¾ǺѰһ̾յЧ
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ǰһսһҺɽ˭˭١
ѰڵħԨһ࣬Ťͷʵ
ˡ
ɽ뾻ǹ޳֣ˮƵ峺⿴Ѱڵ
ղŴӦұʱѾս٣Ǹܡ


2858 Ĺ
ѰȻ˵Ҳá
Լĥɽ֮ҪԼһ𣬺ĲӮ̽Լʵ
Զ̸ơӡη綼ǰ˿
һ·ںսƷɱ޵ĿжԱȣ治˵˭˭Ӯ
ʵѰһ̶ɱĿһӱһء
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ѰˣɽԼһܣ
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ĸףϵ峤ҲֻʲôҪΪء
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ЩҪͼ壬Ҳٲ̸֮¡
ȥЩ˵һգǰ棬Ҳ֮ܣѾ̸ˡ
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죬˵£ǼˮһգŮ˵뿪󡣱ϾŮ˼ӵ˴˵ҫۣԺעһλ˲õĴڣȴΪ¶뿪ϣЩȻּɡ
ɽϺҲһжѾ޷ء
ѰҡͷصĻᣬݵ飬Ůעֻһӡ
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ѰΪʵˣŮ壬赲˱ı峤̳˵·ҲףҪǼʵΪ˶Ǽҫ۵һ顣ⲻͱ̸ȥʲô
ɽһ̾ڼҲкܶ˶Щ׹ףҪʱɲס
Ѱðһ䣬ҪҵܾЩ
ɽͲŮ˭뿪Ժȥ
ѰüʶʲôѵҺʶ

ɽûзϣ뿪󣬵ıҵһŽ֮кͼֶν컯֮档
Ϊ֪󣬿ƾϵ׽ҵΨн컯֮棬ܱܿĿܡ
⣬ѰһԺ绮˵ǡأ
ɽмأҽ㡣
ѰӿĪ
Ӳ֪ؾԵھ弾ϣܾǰھ򣬱峤̳ˣȫĽס
ʱǶҫۣ
ɾһλŮӣȴһ粨ΪӰĽɫѣƾڲ
ָöຮĺʧŻȻȻ뿪壿
ɱǣ뿪ȴ˷ŭָԼʧ
Ц
¹ȥˣ֣ڼϻһɻ䣬ٱ̸ϹŶڻ
һУѰǷŭ
ã˵֪ЩǸһУҲǾҽߣ
棬Һǿնشߡ
ѰǵǾҵģסɫսìһͷѩ׳٣Ӣƥ
ѰĵһʱȴʹӣԴ֮価ǾԵء
ʱѰʶصע䲻
ֻǣȴû뵽صĹ˿ᡣ


2859 ʦʦǵϢ
ħԨһ࣬ػ
ɽѰɫڵķŭ֮ɫ˵ҼˣֻҪָ;ѲεĵУͻᱻڵġ񱮡Ӧ
˶٣Ҳζţʱ㲻Ǿǰȥҽ㣬Ҳˡ
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ѰһĬȻ죬꣬治ؾ㱻Ҵߣ
͸ź⡣
ЩֻΪҺͽʱ֪ǿչŵЩ꣬һֱ飬ȥҼϾˣʵϣƾڵȥҲɽ
ѰһڻУԺ󲻼òС
ɽѰƬ̣ҿô
Ѱ㲻ţҲô
ᶨ
ֻһʮʱͽͨؾʶ֮ظܶҲγ֣ΪͷΪڷ絲ꡣ
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ƫƫôˣҾ뿴һѰһˣѾ֪ˡ
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ѰҡͷҲǵһֻĽҵһλѡʦ֮ǰȥ
ЦһЩ֣̲ס˼·;ϵһᡣ
˭ˣѰȻ
ȻʮͷĲսߡ
ЦҿûãҲֻץסɱˣ㱻˶ס
ѰҲ²£ʦһһɱøɴ䡣
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Ѱô˵һСʦֵ͡
¹ЦһɱѣһȫԸһʵϣżһжĵ룬Ҳ޷սȥֻԶݶȥ
ѰҸᣬҪʶʶʦֵļ֮
򣬵ߣҸطȾƣߺȱġ
ѰʹӦ

ħԨԱߣڡ
Ѱ硢¡ɽӡ̸ơηϥóصľ𣬶̸Ǣ
ĴͥУԪ̵̺Ĺϵãͥǿ֮Ҳн˴
̸УҲѰ˽⵽ʦءʮʦʮʦѩеһЩ顣
ڵԪЩơ
ͬŲٲͷǿӸλȨ졣
ϡϡϵȵȡ
Щصĳı£ɽЩ˶վȽŲ𲽿ʼոȨ
񣬾ЩʮͷϼһҲЩ紫û취
ȻܹȡýյλҲͲϹŶֲַ֧ϵ
ͥСɽԺ
ɽԪ̵ľŷ壬ÿһɽɽŵӡŵӵְ
ԺԪ̵൱ֱǶԺԺԺԺ
ÿһԺԺӵְ
Ժ൱Ԫ̸׽롢
൱Ԫ̸׽̵ؼ롢̷
ѳΪ̶ԺһλҲǿԪ̸Ĵ
紫Ҳְ
羮£Ժеһλ൱Ԫϵְ
֮ЩɽЩ̵Ĵˣֳ侪˵Ĺâֹƾٶȿ죬սҲͬеİҲ˲֪ٺ䶯
ɶѰԣ
Ҫ֪ܾǰЩǿչŵǰ컯ĴߣꡢȵˣԶ֤㡣
ɽЩˣٶǺЩͬĽɫۼ츳͵̣ЩҪҪڡ
Ϊȴ֤㣿
ľڣ紫˵ĳ̫࣬ٵҲ̫󣬴̫ʱһֱǿչŵϡ
ֱ󣬲һ뿪ǿչŵǰ硣
ˣԷɽЩ˵ĵ̺츳Ҳ̤㾳ˡ
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뿪ǿչŵ»ڵ۾Уȥ֤ࡣ
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ΪΪǱܱѹ̫ãڵִЩ紫һ죬ѹѾõǱͷţ벻ͻͽѣ
ң紫;ԷͬѰõÿһŹڸȺװս
ʴˣܹдʣչ¶Լķâ
ЩҪԿʮͷҪԿеĴѹԷ紫˵ͣڵ;ϵĳɾͶϲֻܽˡ

ϯ󣬼ɽһ˾뿪
ǲ۵ʼĵ꣬Ҫȴ꣬ܽħԨ֮µĵħ
ɽǴ˴δͥȻҪɱޡ
ѰûкͬУֿж˫ɱޡ
뿪ǰ´Ѱ֮ڣĴ֮ͥ䣬о䷢ѰܿıȡԪ֮λԷʱ⡣
һʱ䣬Ԫα֤ʱڣҲʣ°ʮˡ
ɽ뿪ǰѰǧڣмԪ֮ٱ
ĵھʮͶʮĸ壬ѾʼΪԿԪ֮Σ׼
ϢѰ컯֮ʱٿ˵Ҳ⡣
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ѰҲ뿪ħԨӰʧããС
һʱѰһڲͬħɱޡ
ֻǣһ·ԽԽˡ
ӵ񾳺ΪѰԣؽȫ޷Ϊ
ϧ׻̫٣ȡȻҲ١
ʱһš
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һ޶ѳħԨһҲΪĲս߽ѰٺɱޣطɨΡ
£ҪǰǰɱĿޣȻǼ֮ѡ
Ѱɴһ˸طʼ޴
ڽʮħĵھ꣬ͨħʧʮħؾװĺ֮쳹֮ϡ
ֲڲͬطĲսߣԵһʱ䱻


2860 
ĵħԨһھס˺ڰػ
գħԨڣȴŹ
ֲڲͬеĲսߣǵһʱ䳯߸ִɵС
ħڣֲϴ׾ƷȼֵҲԶЩȱɱȡ
ˣħлѰٵƬҩ֮飡
κһλս߶ԣı
ѰҲˣһ·ϲδʲô⣬Ҳûսߣ˳س˵ħԨ
Ԩ֮£ӿ֣ۣ³оɾʱһ޴ĽŻӳѰҰС
ʱѰȴŻٶȣǰСǽŻڲɱ
˵ţѽԨ
ƾ񾳺ڵڣѾ꣬ȻȱٳΪ
ʱĳĥȴѰι̺ͳ
һݣҲԼĺɫս
ಣ
ʱѰһˮƾճ֡
ԷһͻϮػᶯǿֶΣȥǿΪǡ
˺ˮ壬һжһˡ
ৣ
ͼˮϵڣ˲ϢͻǧӰ飬Ÿն
츳ͨˮǧ
ÿһӰӿپڵϢǧӰֱۣһָģӴپ
ȻЩ岻һǻۺΪҲ޷ɺˮû
ɼˣ츳ͨҲѿƾˡ
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Ѱˮһָš
䣡
ǧ֮ڵķ糱ˮ˽ȥ

ڣһƬ嫵磬ɽӲãֳԭʼϵĻ
վƬɽУͨ˵صĽţһµľ޴Уֹ
ʮͷĲսߣԴ
һΣһᣬѰţβսͱָɱĿܡ
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ߣܼʮλʮͷĲս߽¶һĨɫ
ĿԶȻɱѰشҲԣ׽̡ЩһҲżء
һ˿ġ
Զĵط׽̵ĲԷˣ̵ˮˣڰнйûκδϵ˼
ֻҪѰŲסͥ˾ͻû
пܣƾԼɱѰ
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˷򣬶硢ֲֿĵû
ѾõȫһԶ׽̵̡Ȳս߶Ȼ
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ͼŻУ糱ˮӰÿһѰ飬ƺƵ
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䣡䣡䣡
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ͼѰķʱܵɲشѣǧ֮ɢһա
⵹Щǿ󣬱Ͼһپڴڡ
Ϊǽ񾳴ԲڣΪͻϮֽϵɱȫһʩչ˳
ǵܣκ񾳴ڻҷ𣬸οһЩֻӵپķˡ
¡
ҡػΣֲڣٲϯѰЩڲɢܡ
ֻǣȴһҲ˲
ΪֱʱѰı𻹲֣еرѳױ¶ģ

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䣡
ڴʱŻУ͵سһڽת⣬¡¡ѹ¡
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˲Ϣײӱܵǿֻܴ߶֮Ӳ˲ϢͱԨɢ˿Ѫ
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ۣۣۣ
ѱشǿ߱ɱ嶼ãã飬Ѫɽ
Ŀѣŭߣ
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ֻǣ˷УѰķ˿̾һ谭Ƶģ˵·ϡ
ͬʱѰŻгֱŲգɱ
ݵǣѰ嶼һˣͬĶ֡
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Ϊһͷϵѡ֮ӣһθеŨŨĴܡơŭɽХ㣬˿Ҫը
ûȥƴڷӴܣͷɢ״ħ
䣡
һڽХ

ƹŽӲ˶õ˳ȥѪ̲סȳһѪ
ԶѰıɱϵưոݣֻϧ˭Ҳ뿪ˡ
⣬գɱ
ҲҪ汳
ɫӽɱ

ܼײ쳹ƾη񹥷ԱѰԨһһͺˡ
ûãͿѪɫɷ͸ܵش
ҵ汳ƺûʸ񡣡
Ѱ˵ţ̤գ¸ŭն¡
꣡
еƹŽֱըƬɽ
˶õɳȥݺڰķϣѪܵģ֮
λһͷϵġѡ֮ӡ˿ȴһҲ̶õģ

ŭ
У͵³һӣȻʱ飬ֻǴ˱ʱȼƵģһļµΣϢ
Ѱͫһ
ڴʱһ񷣬ŴĿĹ⣬Բ˼ٶȹ
˼̫죬׶죡
飡
ͼ壬ֱӱһ䱬Ѫ̻Ƶը
һɱ


2861 ³ɺ
ɽӵ㣬Ϊ档
ӿսನŰؼɢϯ
һֱڰйս׽̲Է˺ˮˣɫ䶼Ѳ֮ɫ
һսӡ
ȴáĶǡݣ
Ϊ׵ʮͷսѾõһȴħʱŻ֮ǰ
ǰ̫ܵϧ
ıѾãѹ׵ɱﵶһͷų
ͻȻϮǻԷ硢ˮǣ⧲֮£Ҳشء
ϧǣѰз
˭Ҳû뵽ѰǧǾ׼ǿֶζĵ
գ㱻⣬ѰĹʱȻмܡ
˾㤵ǣһսУѰǣƵã˵·
£ֻܱƾ׸
ʱ̣һͻأֵһٺɱ׽̡Щս߶𺳵
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λԲһͷѡ֮ˣԭƴҲҪѰ汳
ϧһжûݡ
Ǽʱ飬ɱ֮ҲȻð׹䡣
ֻأͱѰץУĿңңԶЦ
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һڵĴ󹭣Ц¶һѩݣҲֻڰ͵͵ˡ
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Զˮ΢΢֣ʾףȻû¶κ˵ơ
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ˣһȹ񾳺ڣ±û
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ҲԴһθܵü޵вУ
ʮħҲΪУһ׮컯ǾͱҲˡ
һԴ찴еתȥ

ħ֮ǰİ˴ħȫһ
񷳣긲һ񱩲ӵϢۣ͸ѹֵΣϢ
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Ѱһ·ɽˮ̽Ѱһһȥȴһ
˵һһĵؽ׻޶ƾһ
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׽̲ԷһˣǵĶһͷɽСޣһǧɷΧīɫ׿ǣ֫ͷ­緿ݰСһһԽɫա
Ȼһͷ
ӵ׾ƷӴӰڳԵ⣬ֲ֮
˿ȴסҸۡ
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ߣλ׽̲ս߸ԼϲԷһ֣ǣס
ĺˮͻ潻֯緢ضС
񾳵̫ǿ󣬶󺣣ħ̣Ƭ޴ѱó١
ǰǵǰǼô
Ѱâӿ
Ȼǵá
ɱһ
ǰϷħʱѰ⵽׽̲սߵһͻϮ
ʱ׽̲սԲԷΪףѰɱһͷ׻ʱȻѣνΣ֮
䲻ݷ֮ʣѰʩչʱӡ֮赲Żһͻأɱ١
飬Ŀܻˣ
ǰȥԸǣûȥɱˣֻҪ׾Ʒᵽ֣̾ͳ
ѰԵ
ԷǵھϵӣսСӵвɱﵣĵħܹѰӵĶУԷҲ֮һ
ԸֽɫѰȻᵡ
á
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2862 Ӧˬ
סŲסˡ
Է翪ڣȼգԡ貵ĹУһͭÿһδض͵һ
ǿɲԶϣú߷ʹ˻
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һ˺ȵ
ڴʱ
ȻһڵƾһնԷ硣
һ֣Ȼһɲľֹ
ͨ

һ˲Էϵһɫľ͵籡һƬϼ⣬Ͻͨ⡣
ͬʱԷеһͭ͵ҳ

ߵĵסײ𻨹ꡣ
ֻǣԷȴ˲
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ͬʱԷҲѣһκѰ֣ҲᵽѰĿɲ֮
ȻԲУΪҪʤѰһɱʱȴƾ޷ĸо
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2863 Բ
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2865 ı
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ʯʮγһֺɭϵĽ󣬽Ƭط

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2866 Ҷ֮ŭ
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ͼһƬɽɵĽǵذӿֶ֣¡
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콣䣬ƬûĶԿ۵Ӱ˲ϢͱããĽ飬Ѫ
ʼգԶϿеĲԷûκγ־Ĵ㡣
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һԷڣѰӦʼոû㵱ˣȴΪҪƣ
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Ѱ˵ʱϿȴȥʦ֣Ϣһͽˡ
á
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ˣԷƤһô˵֮ûлˣ
شģѰּԨ
¡
һԶɽЮ⣬գݺ¡
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ԷӾż̨ϳԣӿɲʶһսѲɱ⡣
¡
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ҲڴʱԷ¾ż̨ٿһɫʰ쵵ľ޽һС
䣬ֳ޵аķ緶Ԩsţʮء
ѰʵȷǿѹǿšңǻԶԶ
ԷɫĮһƾӨĻ淨ת㣬ɽ֮ơ
ˮһѰʱԷţչֳһȻͬķɡ
𣿡
ѰͣԨչһӰǾһԡ
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Է΢΢üɱһǾԣ
˵꣬һɱ֮ǰǿĲ͵شϿӿƾǣͬһ
ԲǧƺΪģһ޴С
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ż̨Ҳϵ񱦣ֻ֪Ųɹãȴ֪ܣսС
ˣ
Էһָ
űɽͬʱŵ쳹صĽ𣬹Ƭء
ľˮ硢ס
ֽȻͬĽ෨򣬻ڲԷΧ
Ѱзɫż̨ȻɾűͬɡǺգϢӳ
׾Ʒ򣬾Ϊűɽ
ɣǲԷĵڡ
ȥ
Է紽³һ֡
ָһ
ǰľűɽ͵طһǡƾŵ㱩
糱
ҫ죡
ףűߵǬ顣
˲ϢѰˣԼڵķԲǧɿռ䣬ס
׾Ʒһѹȣ뽣ɱ֮Уǵֱֲ¡
Զľ¶Ȼ̧ͷ¶ɫ
ɱ֮ȥвѾˣϾڲݾɱУ̬֮
һ̣˼һĻˡ
ХľűɽײѰ壬ײ棬֨֨
Ѱɬĵת컯һĴԨΧ䡢Ī⣬״ƻ磬帡С
Ĳ෨Ǵв۶ɣ䲻෨Ҳɱ䵽һֲ˼ĵز
Ǿűɽֲɴ˿ȴѰ֮⣡
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һĻֹǾ£ǲԷҲ⺧Ȼ䣬㶼Լ۾
ǿвѾһȻѰһëδˣֱ˼
ֲֿԷûκϼҲ޷У˷˼ܡ
ͷ·޿ɺ޷Խ
ѵǲ֮
ԷȻ


2871 ɨϰ
˴ϢӦӳǺñ
Ѱз֮̾ɫ
òϣЩӵļҵʵ̫ˣֶó׾Ʒ񱦣ֱõڰЩͷͷ
˵ʱһӡ
¡
ɬĲ෨ԨŲƣҪűɽȫѹ

Էһűɽٿ϶Ϊһһɫʰ쵵ľ޽͵ѰѹƣѰŭնɱ
ⲻ·ϣҶԣν콾νӡνţҲעֻܰ޹⡣
Ը⣬˿ɵУ
Ѱ̤ն
ڻɬĴԨУ򷨲֡
ƾԷʩչնһֲޱߵĽ֮ǵصĽҫգѰϣԱѰܵĲ෨ĥ
òԷ糹޷
֮ǰɽӣʱɫޱȣоǾɡ
Ѱһš
Բնʱ壬һնľ޽ʱǡ
ţͿѰ̽һץ
Զľ޽ͲܿƵسѰģƾҲͽֻܾͣҰ
ۣ
ܷ֮£ԶĲԷѪɫףﱻᣬ絶Ҫ
ɱ
Ӱ壬жһöŷݺ׳
䣡
ŷըѤöĿĿ棬ɽ㳯ѰкȥԶ񾳵ȻǲԷһŵơ
ѰϣСࡣ
«ڿնӳһɫ񽣣ɨգһ˲غƶ
¡
ʱһֿɢ
Էͫǻŭƺһ侲
ûӲƴתҪߡ
ȻѷߵѰһڳ֡
䣡
ؼ䣬ʱƮܼ˿֯һظǧɽӵĽԷ縲С
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ǰʱѰԴֵͨͷ˵ɱ
С
ʱ䣬Է糹׻ңмһһƣ粻ҪǮƵĶʱսӡ
һ⣬ʧˡ
ǵ˵񾳴ڣǳѾȥƽ⡣
ԶԶȥԷͷӬƵģþҲ۽硣
Ѱ;ؿţЩźʱսӡȷޱȣȴɱĻܹսзӳܡ
󣬲ԷͷɢͣжʶʱƲܹƽ⣬һ޷ĴܸȻ
ҪɱҪУǡ
Ȼ̧ͷҰްضԶѰ
һ̣ĵĺͷŭ
ģڻ
Ѱ˵ţһʱսӡڡ
䣡
ۼĻԷץסһ߷̵ĻƵģ˳ѰѰɱ
Ѱһָ
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赭дһ˿̻̽ȡ㡣
ԷԪѰһ߬סԨڡ
Զһ̾ʦܣҴ۽磬ֲʦ˵ʦȴŵˣǿ԰ǷɽתǬˣ˿治١
ѰһЦʦ֣Լֵܾͱ໥ˡ
¹Ц
ѰʼʰսƷ
ؽǧһʮ
м׾ƷҲûҩƬʮһ֮ࡣ
ˣԷ
Ⲣҵ׺ᣬǾű׾ƷɽѱѰߣЩֶζʱսӡкĹ⡣
ԷļҵףҲѷɫˮ
ʰһУѰȥʦ֣ΪҪǰֹһƾ
ɻ
˵Ծµĵ̣ħƾˣȴûôһƵҪȥƻԷ֤ƾж
Щˡ
Цƾǻʦ㲻ȥ컯ҲЩ˲Ҿˡ
ѰһˣůģȻҲʶˮԷЩƾвԼŻѡô
֮ʦڰ赲
ѰϥأЩ׾ƷҩƬһıóʦ֣㿴ЩƾããҲòϡ
һЦЩ㻹ԼŰɣҿòЩ
Ѱɷ˵ǽһ׾ƷһҩԼʮƬǿ˾¡
ԼˣѰκα
ЦãҲǸдѡ
ܹܵѰԴͬꡣ
ֱһѰ;·ֿҪȥͼɽһ˻ϣѰҪȥϡ
ˮԷλѾѹڵħУֻʣԴһǱڵĶ֡
ѰŶԷ˽⵽ˮԷϲҺԼ˺

ˡ
ѰӰԶʱսӡǱ޵Ҳǰɿ
Ѱ뿪ûĵ
ǰڿʼħвԡ
Ѱ˵ţͽѹˮԷһһ
˽Щ綼סɫŹֵһֱȺЩϹǣǷǱɡ
һ㣬ʮʱʮͷʮλսߡ׽̵λսߡλսߣȫ
һУѰͣ
ԪߣܱͽҲѰɱֻʣһԴ죬ڵµ־УҲעΡ
һЩϹ֪Ŀܵˣ
ԣҵǰ׼ΪҪˮԷ
ѰЦ
в׽̡̣ȴвʮͷ
Ѱǻһ֪ҲΪ˷ǣ֮ƾ
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֮ǰڵħʱһֱûöȹ屦Ϊľڵִħܷ˻֤ƾ
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ȴЦɷ
Ϊڸոգֹƾϣ֤ѣӦһħһ
˵ǰֻǴ⣬˵Ҳȷħ򾿾Ƿȴ컯ôڣԴڸȷˡ
컯ڴ˴βսеˣ


2872 
ͬһ졣
ħ
أкؼ価ǻϢ
ɽӭսף续̬
ȻʱƣۣɫȴɣΨ֮ǿʢ
ǰ㣬ŮӣսʱȴоγصĴǣ
ʱ
ɢɽ˳̤볬Ѿ
ԴɽٺǱҵģȣɽԲһʱ̣ɷɿ
ͬǣɽҲܵһĪ
ħ
ɽûչжոƾҪȹ̵С
λҾĴڴ˵֤֮ɶҵĳɹϣ
ǰɽڶ

䣡
Ʒ׷ɢ
ƾɹ糤ϣѰЦŹ֣ϲǰڽ֤ɹ
ӰƣƣȴϲɫѰħȻ粻һ֤ƽʱش͸
ѰЦףǰۺι̣ܹƾɹҲ˳֮¡
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Ŀɽ̵Ѱ˼
ش͸
ˣǾζħ֤ƾĻɹĻ
Ѱҡҡͷ
綼ƾ֤ɿûһ˿Ľ
ֻԼĵ;ܼ
ǿ󲻵ãҲиã޺ͳĺ;
ѰóһƬ
ЩƬᵽȹ屦ãֹΪܹ𵽹̺ĥãԴ෨ҲŲ˼档
ڣǲ෨һЩϣ
̤پʼѰĲ෨򣬱Ǵв䲻෨ҲɱޱǿԶͬɱȡ
Ҳһʱ䣬Ƭ֮󣬲ѰĲ෨ӿֳһЩϡ
仯ѰԾ֮࣬Ҳһ󵨵뷨
ԼĲ෨ԽԽʱǷӵ˽򳹵Ļ᣿
ΪˣЩ죬ѰǷʳЩƬ
ʶܷħ֤ƾˡ

糹׹С
ˣѰ˵ǰعңȥѰһȻԵ˭УҲϲԴС
ɵԴʱ򡭡
ѰЦŴϵڴУһҪȶԸѰҪοһʱӡҲ屻
ԣŵ˵ͷת뿪
Ѱ±۾
ȫƬϡ

ʱһһȥ
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ԵھԴϣ׾вİأĿܻϲһöȭͷСͭӡǵħ
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ԴסĵļͿܣԼ侲
ͽһҪȡһ򣬽вͨҪ޵־Сľ֮ϣֻ֮ҪõϿɣͿԽߣ
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һĵС־ȻͷţңңȥӦͺһͭӡϢ
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ѾһÿҪȥͭӡȡϵʱȴܱͭӡɢϢ赲
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Դһλ㾳ϹŶڵطϸŸȥͨľ֮
ڣЩ취ȴʧЧˡ
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У
ܣ
ӿһ˿ꡣ
ʮħһ׮Եǰȴ޷õϿɣߣ̵ֱĥ
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ɾڴʱһ𣺡ȥҲԵ
Դɫ΢䣬ŤͷͿɽӼԶһϮɫ䳤ȹƮҷٳ
ԭɽ
ԴЦſڣȴһʶ⼬ˡ
˺ھ뿪
ɽˮɨԴһۣͽĿ⿴Զڰеͭӡϡ
ԴɽԴĳ䲻ţҲʹ˷ο֮ᱻ˳û˱ˡ
˵ˮԷ磿ɽ
Դ첢δϣǰƣʱϵԽã߾ͻԽ࣬ʱ˭õһ׮Ե¶ס
ɽǷ֮ɫˡ
赭дһ仰ȴԴͫһǿЦɽĪҪЦλֶΣҿһ˭ҪԸǣҲûٻܹǻܡ
ɽ̾һֲ֪ŸģǾȰɣҲ㣬ԽȥֻԽ
Դüͷ΢΢оɲ
̽ô˵ɽǶ׮Ե־ڱصˣ
ϵǣɽҡͷ˱ҸҪ
˭Դ졣
Ѱɽڵ
Դɴ۾㲻Լ䣬ѰɽòǴ׮Ե󣬽ɣ
кβɣ
ɽʣһȻӡ
Դȴ޷ˣɽЦһ㶼ЦѰ˷ɽˣò᲻ʦ𷽴֮ڵھβܻӭɣ
ɽĲɵʦʲôϵ
Դ춼ܽûйϵ
˵ѰһԪ̣ҽ˻ԵӦΪе˲Ŷԡ
ɽ˼
ԣԴ촽Ƕݺһ鴤ƵѪΪѰˣ
˸ƨ
Ƕĥľ㹻ǿԴ춼໰ĳ嶯ˣѰεºܣʸռȻԵ
ֻǣɽӣȴֲ˵ѣԴоζɽȷҪô򣬾ǶǱԣǿ޼۵Ĺ屦
ɽϵҸģȻ㿴ܲģˣͲٷϻҾڴսһΣ
ɴ䣬ֱӡ
Դɫһò
ްܶԿɽţԼ˵ĻɽһʱҲκβԼ
һ˵ʲô
ڴʱԶƿŲ


2873 ߵԴ
ƿӰƾն
Դһ̲ס˿󣬼ûˣ˿㣬Ц賤ϣã
ϲãôҲԪ̵ĳϣϺԼͬһӪڣȥǣƼɽ
ȴޱԴϣִҪһ׮Եĳֻܲˡ
ԴһǻϲòɣüҽԪ̣ѵɱ
ҴǰѰԵģɽ뷨һ
ԴѰ
ٺõƢĳǸ˿Ҳöͷֱ賤ϣԪ̶ԣɽֶԸңǾǱѣ֪ôĺ
׮컯ѰУžͻףҵ̸ϱѡ
Դһʶ޷Ȱˡ
ڣǼ⣬뿪
ɽʡ
Դĳ˷ŭбߵĳ嶯һȷһ׮컯ģɵڣҪ˽ȵǣ
ҡ
ԴҪ˵ʲôͺѵԴϣԷ硢ˮѱѰѹٵȥҲֻĴ
ǰܸѰԴͫһ
ͼ֤ƾʱѱѰܡԵú̹ϡ
Ļشȴ絶ݺݴԴѣõ˶ǡ
û˲Է硢ˮǣħ˭ֹɽ֣
һӣԴ쳹ʶ˾ƵĲĶȵס
ˣ
ಣಣ
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¡̸ƵӰŲն
ŵڳѾϢԴкݺһ𣬳״ַŭ侲
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תҪߡ
š
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ģֻҪϣû˻һëһ׮֮ǰ㲻뿪˵ء
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ⱻӵĸоԴԼоջģǰδеķŭӿɽХ㣬
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˵ţԴ챧˱ȭ
Դԭѹȥıͷŭִˣ͵һһЦݣ֣ٵ٩ˣԴĳѾԣ㽫ߺһҺһپơ
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⣬ϢԨʮأһֲӳ֣һ־С
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䣡
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ˣ֮ǰԼҲѰôĻǷҲᱻԼã
һ˵ĲԴõɫ޷Կصرޱȣ޵ݿҧ顣
ˣ


2874 
ѰĸӦ
ͭŻɬĪ⣬˵ĸоȻ¸Ҳ㳤棡
֮ǰһḶ́ѰҲһ㱡
ֻ෨ȥȡͭӡû룬ӦԼĲ෨Ϣͭӡʱͱ˳
Եúܲ˼顣
ѵԼĲ෨İйأ
Ѱ˼ʱͭӡŽԨ
ʱ˵һĻˡ
ͭӡһųѹŹƮꡣ
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ֹǣѰԼеޱȾ
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Ѱһʱ佫ʶ̽ԨڣͼȭͷСͭӡУڻȸԾ
⡭
Ѱһ
˫𣬡ˣǴ򣬲һһɸոյǱ
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ѰϾ񾳴ԲУǲòѰʱԴǷðǰ͵Ϯ

ʱ󣬴ҴҶš
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£Ϲʮ׾Ʒ
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2877 
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ԽĺԽˣѿֹѰȥˣƽҲٹǵϽٵĺ
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ʱԴΪԴС
ڿԴ쵱жϲδѰĻŴʮħ뿪ˣ
б䣬ѰѳΪеҲϲܾʹ˴ˡ
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Դһ𣬡Ҫʲô
ԴһһٵϹŶ֣ڰ˷ƽһˣ
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ԣҪȫˡ
ԴһԷ硢ˮҲԶ㵽Ѱͷϣ㵽Ԫͷϣ֮ûκһ˿ϵġ
ԣԴóһرʼж

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ѰסˮԷЩҲԲʹ˰֡
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κϧһдȥᣡ
֮ǰʮħ⣬׽̵̡֮ѡã޷ΪʱľƲֱӶ֣򣬱ػᱻϡ
ڲһˣһڰ;һЩ⣬ˮԷ߱Ҳ޷ȥ׽̡Щ
ϧԪλ޷һλ׾ٵƽǰΣ֡
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һֱĬѰȻڣǰƻûеɽˮĵزֻҪ׷㾳˭סǡ
㾳һػعķɣǵĵлˡ
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˵⣬ǿպȻ͵ؾҲǳҡҡλҪ׹䣬һɿֲɱҲɽϯ
ѰƽһݣЩһĿ湻ģ


2879 һ֮ ŤתǬ
ݹ꣬һҺ
һoҫӰ֣ȻʮͷϹÿһųѾԲС
Ϊϣûһѷɫڷƽ
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ƽֻҪ£ҵȿԸǻĻᣡ
Ϊ׵һλҵϹԫ׷ģݣϢȴǿġ
ϹɱڣѰǡ
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Ȼ˷κʱ䡣
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Ѱֱʡ
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÷ƽҲһĴУҪԼ£ȥǣЩ֣Ѱ紴ߵĻᡣ
ڣѰȴǰ˾ϣ
ĿһĻĻԫʮλϹ˴˶һۣԥˡ
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ԫּһλѾԲڵһʱ䳯ƽɱȥ

ֻҪ˷ƽУŸ֤ѾѰƾ׸ĳӡ
ǰ׷ǰԫǾսԡ
ѣһ־Ҫ׽ƽв
ɱ
λѾڸսìǹӡͼͭӡ̡¯ߵȱһǿıʣʢͷųҲǿֲޱߡ
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ȻΧƽȴܣֱӭϣӰȻֲĴâƹʮء

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ԶľɽԭѰɫסΪѶһĻĻȴѰֱӷ̣һٽȳѾԲڸˣ
ԵӰƾʧɽһ亹
˭ţһ볬Ѿڵˣڵʯ֮һλ˲֪µĳѾԲڣ
һĻҲЩΧƽһϹע⵽һͫһɫ䲻ѡ
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ʱʮͷһϹͷƽѰƬǿչҵɱ֪ǵƻε֮
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ǿɸ̹֮šͨܣǰû˵Ȼ֪ȻȽͨ˲ĵѰӽɵĵУͨѹʱɳʱʱ䣡
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СģһŽͨ
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ֹǲ˼飬ֱǹ죡
ȥȥԸС󣡡
ԫȣɫ

λϹٴγȥλϹһԸѰı塣
һƽǱѹʱСֻʣԫһϹˡ
ڣսƣѰٲȻΪĿĽ㡣
ƾһˣ֮ǰɱλϹﲻ˵ڸǣסλϹ
÷ƽš
֮ǰҲû뵽ƻ˷˼ı仯


2880 ν
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ھЩӼ
Ȼڴʱ˿̵սУЩʮͷϹǣȴò⡣
Ѱѵ̤ϲ;
ʮħдɱķ޿ƥУˮԷҲܣ
ڴʱԳѾڵĵУȺɱԡɽλѾԲڣ
һУԵò˼飬˾㤣
䣡
λϹһѰйֶеĶĪرеʩչѹ׵طֲѹɢǿҡ
ÿϹյ׾ٵκγѾڵĽɫ
һȴѰʧЧˡ
˵ԸѰı𣬾ǶԸһʱҲ޷ѹ
ЩϹ־ŭȻѡ
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ʱѰԣҲǸеһǰδеս⡣
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һֶѹƲסѰһƺӡ֤ڲ;ĳѾУѰٲȻѺͲɣ

ԶͷƽɱԫɫҲøࡣ
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ͼһλںͳɱϹѰǰԨݺϣ嵱ķѣѪ١
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ͬһʱ䣬
һѰıľһϣһϹѹ֮š
һѰĳ壬ͻһԴݿķʽһλϹɱԪ񶼱ٻΪҽ
һӣѰ߾ֻʣһλ֣
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ৣ
ɾڴʱѰɱˣͷƽһΧ
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һ˿ķƽһĻ鲻Խ뵽ѰսıȡһλÿѴ´ˣ


2881 
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2886 
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Ӱģ꣬ߴʣбŴ齣˵ʱһҲɢƬĿݽǿա
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վЦе֮ǰʱ̫־ϵƣǱɣ
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Դɫһ
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ΣѰЩгˣ
Ϣɢڵ򡢵ڰǵھУʼע⵽Ĵڡ


2887 ʦ
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һӣ졢ơµɫ䡣


2888 ְ
Ԫѳ޵ߵļ䡣
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ֻҪ顢ܱϵЩǿߣͱػС
ҲǷɫԭ
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óһƿݸѰ˱ԳѾŲɹãսʱһ;ƿݣ̷ֻһΣ˲Ϣָ۷״̬Ҫúϧ
Ѱ˫ֽӹٴлůġ
ȥɣȻصţͲٵҲЩϹͷš˵
Ѱ׼뿪ȴ͵һ£һ£˵ǰһҪָ㡣
£
ѰʮħʱҽϺͲϵλӵԪ£ɱѹǱУãδΪã
һɫСӡǵ찡
ипо̾


2889 
죬ʵԭȴδã
Ѱ˼ȻɱˣǻŻô󡣡
˻
ǻ뿪䱳ǣҲóȻǰ鷳Ͼŵĵ̰ǡ
Ѱңһ֪ڷŵ·ϣΪе׽̶̡ǵ
䣿ɺױ
Ҳ޷Ҫ˻úöһ׽̡̣ԺˮԷλӷ󣬶ϲܻ˵׽̵̡ĺûˡ
ǾͰ˵
赱İ塣
ѰһǰҲΪУ
Ҳ²ⲻò˶ãϡϵĴͻǰţΪ޷ʦʱҲԽҪһЩôϾʿɲܾôͳȥ
ѰֱӽˮԷԪݸ裬¾ǰˡ
費ЦСӿҪһͷɡ
ѰҲЦˣֻΪֻǰǽ½

Ѱض˶
βμӲսǰʮ࣬ɱ¾ջҲ֮
ѰؽѴﵽǧ
Щ䣬Ѽʡ
ϾǿѰʱҪѰٵؽʵ̫ˡ
ЩѰϻоűɽ׾Ʒ
׾ƷԼƬħ֤Ѿʱȫ
ȻջһѱѰΪ̫
ʮħʱɱ׽̡̡ʮͷĲսߺҲѰɻһСϡҩȵȣֵɹ
ϾЩս߽񾳴ԲڣǸĺϵıȻѰɱˡ
Щȣڷŵ·;ɻıͬ෱ࡣ
ɱԫʮλѾԲڡԼĺĵؼ룬ЩϹϵսƷۻң̾Ϊֹ
֮һжգջҲ޴
ԲƸĶٶۣڵԪ£¶Ѱǰͷ
Щһ֣ԺѡʹãЩѡ
Ѱ˼⡣
˷⡢Ʒ桢䡢Ҷ顢ľŵˡ
Щѡ
ıԺлᣬЩһֱ֧ҵͬš
ѰְԽ죬ԽҪԼӰţҪﵽĿģ޷ĸ֣
أ
Ƕ飬ʹͣǽ飬Ҳ֡
ֱӵԴȡ֧֡
ͺܼˣֻҪ㹻ǿע˸Ҳ
ܿ죬Ѱһƿó
ƿװʮ¶ǴԪ̵еԳѾŲɹá
ѰƿʱһƬӲӵĹϼӳԣҩڣޱȡ
ƿкһ¶ʱԲ͸뵣ϸ¶˿˿ƵĹĽɫ绡Ƶģҫۡ
Ѱһϥſھͽһ¶̵
䣡
ʱѰĵУڶ͵һ𣬽ɽĿֲڣõѰ˶бѵĸо
ÿֲ
ѰһʱתΪȫһ¶̺򾫻
Ѿع֮⣬˾гҪ֮⣬Ҫȥع
Ψиعİأ֤㾳ȥƿغù֮
ѰѾףÿһعУڹһ֡
Ϊÿ޵Ŀ࣬вͬʶҪڳѾʵΪĽҪյںϡ
ںϣڡ෨ϡ
ѾƿصĲ෨ֱѷĸ۶ɡ
෨ԽΪԽ죬ͷųܾԽǿ
Ѱԣһ⡣
پʱͲİ壬ԴԼĲ෨
Щپ񾳣񾳵ĳѾȱһ顣
һУѰʱȡĽԴ
ڣƿصĳѷ򣬷ǵںһҾۺ񣬺ʣ֮ЩѾԲڣй֮޲
ҲսУܹڸ֤ѾʱͽԫȳѾԲεϹɱԭڡ
֮ѰԣѾܼ򵥣ֻҪĲ෨㹻ˡ
ѾԲزʱյĲ෨Խǿ󣬾ζ򵽵طԽࡣ
ˣԺ֤㾳ȥִƺعȻ׾٣
ʱ
һѰ
ҲǴʱŽһ¶ԾһصΪѰһ𾪡
һ¶ѾڵΪң
ǽʮζˣǶȥͻƳѾˣ
ѰֻǼ裬һЧˣڶο¾ûеһЧˡ
ȱɲܾ̣ϡ
ѰƿС
˵սһ;ƿݵ״̷ֻһ¶˲Ϣָ۷״̬
ԾþսѰԣȻ¶Ǻεǿ
һ룬֮С֮šʱӡͨ˥߸ɺԣȴƾһ¶˲Ϣָ⻹оˣ
ѰϻкܶҲҪ˷¶
˿̣Ѱֱűɽ׾Ʒȡ
ԭ㽫ȹ屦ѣĸ૑ڵң𵽲ɹá
ڣѰѲЩ
Ϊ̫˫СɡСڤҲ«
ѰűɽͶԨôʱ䣬˼⡣
ҵĳѷһزʱܳȥˣܽҲ̲صȫأͽҵеһ֣
ʱܺһȥĥһԿԼƿأ
˫СɡСڤ̫ͳͳܺ
ĻյĲ෨ע˿ɱȣ
ѰҲ֪ҪһһϦ֮һȥŬܼ
ԼٶעֻԽԽ졣
صȵ֤ʱʵĿ꣡
ˣ
һԨڲһɬ
ͬʱ˫𣺡ˣ׾ƷԴˡ
Ѱʱӳ˼ѡ


2890 
һ硣
ھŷ塣
׾ƷıԴֵ㻹ԼŰɡ
ܳԾѰǰݷãҪһ׾ƷԴЩ¡
ʮħջĶ࣬ȱƵı㻹°ɡ
Ѱɷ˵ͽһͭӲתȥһҪȥݷԪϣͲˡ
ӦʱѰӰѾԶ
еͭУһʱ䣬ĳůģѰСӣ塣
Ԫ
ԪҲãŸѰĴһ׾ƷԼ
ĬƬ̣ѰԪոϣڲսΪ²湦أҲֱԣ㲻ô˱ǰԺıȡԪ֮λʱҲᶦ֧ġ
ѰЦǰҵһЩ⣬ԺǷ֧ȥıȡԪλãڣֻ뱨

ԡ
Ѱͷ
ˣսԪʱԪλ֧Լġ
ҲˣЩ۷ʲô飬ԪǽԻԥվԼߡ
Ƕ飡
ãǴ˱Ҿˡ
Ԫ˫ֽӹѰͭУҲǸпѡ
ѰݣѾԺƽƽۼеӰҲѲܹ⡣
Ѱȴɸɶϡ䱦ԼԪҲǸе֮
ǱԪѰȥݷ˵ͤĶޡ߷޴ڰ˷ѩ
ֱһ׾ƷԴ
λԣЩ֮ܳУΪѰԪʱһֱ̬ȡ
ҲǰЩʱ򣬲ŶѰӡĹۣʼ֧һЩ
ˣǴûڽսʱѰȹ屦
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Ѱȥݻ䡣
ִ䣬ֳϡ
Ѱĵһ棬͹ּɫȻ
Ѱûˣ֮仹ף
һЦŹأֳϵְɱҸһͷȾŴҲһͷܲ
ѰЦû뵽ϿһˣҲȡЦ
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ԼĶʱѰϵ׾ƷԴֻʣɣ֮һԽ˫
˫ļˣ۾ϲúͼظ˵ˣ˫¶Իָ۷ʱİ˳
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Щ˫˲֪ٵĵؽסʮħУһ׾Ʒ
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ȫʢʱָǺεƷ׵
˫Сˣ˫һ«ҲˣȻԻָ۷״̬

Ѱûؾܾˡ
˫Цģϵˣܹ׾ƷԴѾˡ
Ѱʼ˼⣬ôӺδ֣һٽԪڵЩ˳׽ˣ
չ£ע̫˷ʱ䣬׽һӴ
οݣȻѿƳȻɱϾǾλһͷ
£ɰչ£Ҫ졢ơ¡Щǲܵ顣
Υ£ֻԪµķк͵ִ
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ѰԣͬҲˡ
ԣͱѰһ취

һС
ԴɫľȻ
ѰŹһϢ
ǣԪ£ѿʼִͷĴڡ
ߵһ·ľǱġмӵĿ⣬ҲһЩķڮ١
ζͺ󣬾Ͳ˺ˣ

ܿ죬ԴӰ߽˶
ɴ̽ѰλŻģԴʡ
Դɫ崫صϢ־࣬ǱͬȼĴڻɱֵĲԪ̵ˣǿվ֮ѣ紫˵ʦ塣
ʱվɱԴ־࣬ȴô齣ӵԴƾ˽֪˷սеһЩࡣ
վ
ԴһҲһλ㾳ڣ

ԴһЩйؿվϢ˵֤֮ǰվڲ;ϵͽ޵УõڰЩͷɵ֣ڿվľ⣬ڱóճյߵߣ²ʡһΪɢŻȻˣʽ򡣡
˭Ҳû뵽֤㣡
գԴ춼һǱѰĿܻŷԪ̣
վģʵ

Դҡͷһ㣬͵ۣ֮ټ˭ܲ̽ģ
ô졭
ԴüͷľƶҼԪЩһɶ޲ýɱˣԺȥıȡԪ֮λ
ԴѴϢҲҪڴ˼һʱ䡣
ԴüΪΣ
Դ˵һʧΣҲҪУֻҪɹǴһ̷Ϊ峤̳ˣ
ŵԴȴûһϲɫЦһֵε֮һ峤λÿɱȵģοѰԪУԪЩϹӻ˭Ҷ֣
ԴΥ档
ԴͫһУĬ
ģᶯһ㣬ԪУ졢ЩϼһǱػƴӣ
ԴҲ˵Լ棬ֻҪˣԻ¡
ԴãҿԴӦȥ壬³֮Ҫ̷壬峤Ȩ
Դ΢΢һЦǡ


2891 
Դʵ˵Ԫ˭ѰĹϵΪܣ
Դ˼ӦһҲһ
ԴͷҪԸѰ͵ô֣棬鷳һˣ߷ǣҸ䰲һ顣
Ϊ䣿
ԴЩ֡
ԪĳϣǸһֱƽλ⡣ǲ£ػ𷽵ƽ
ԴڵͲһˣԪոֻһִ£Ƿ죬ƣԿ⽫ǲȥҲݵע⡣
Դ޵ȫ
ֻһ䣬»вȵѰҲû취Ԫ£ʵѡҲֻˡ
Դ̾
ܿ죬Դȥ

ʱ
Ѱ׵͵ҸὫԪˡ
Դ
Դͷ棬ҲСһЩĪҪʲôѱһε¶Ҷûкô
Դģū֤Щǣ۵


ڽ뿪Ԫ̣
Դǰüۼһ˿ϲɫ˵ҲˣǰʱȡһҪһʱ䣬˵ǴѰһӣΪͽܡһǳ£û˻ỳɵϣ
Դһôɵ飿
ԴЦͽڤڤעԭ㣬ֶνǲȥҲû뵽ڴжʱȴ̽Ϣ˵Ѿȡҵȣ
ԴڻǸ˵ʱ򣬽ֻǵһڶЩ޷Ԥ
ԴǵģѰǳ״
ãѰ֪䱻ܵ飬ô룿
ԴԴ𣬡ȻһʱͻỳһԼı׾ܲ³ʱѰǷȥӪ䣿
ԴĬƬ̣Ǿֻܿеķжˡ
ԴͷڶĹؼѰľϣΪ䲻ֵþȣһֱŲôǵж͵ʧˡ
ѡȥأԴ̲סʡ
Դ׼㣬Ÿǰǣһ⣬α֤ѰǹһǰӪȣԪЩ˾
Դüͷ𣬵Ǿ͸ֻҪֳ֮κˣÿɻ
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ʾ
߷ǣȫ
ԴһֻҪѰȥǷ֣ҪɱԾ󻼣
Դһ𣬡ѰֻǳѾΪҪС
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Դ֣ѵǡ
ԴüڣΨһĵģѰλվʦ塣Ȼ㾳ıлܵعɣȴԳ־սεжУǿվ־Ҳǿɾͺʤ㡣
ԴЦģ㾳ǿÿĵһ־࣬ҲҪһʱ۳µġ񣬾ѰŲŰʱѣٵõһڿվ־ࡣ
Դһˣͺðˡ

ѰĶǰ
һش͹ĵǰݼһöݸѰֳϣ˵ͻףȻʹҴ뿪û˵ġ
Ѱһ𣬶óʮ²൤ݸӣˡЩҩţԺú
ס뵽ֻǱŶѣõżлֳϣҶֳ
תҲƵˡ
ѰŽ򿪣һͫȻһ
죬Ž
ûзضѰֱŲգԶȥ
ֳҪȥ
·ϣȻһȳ
ѰһƳۣͿͬƾŲƵԴȻȥһ⡣
˵ʱӰʧա
Ǻǣû뵽Ѱ嵨Ϊ䣬Ҫǰ
ԴЦ
Ҳûе飬ҴǰԴĶҪ½
ˣ
ͨԪĴ͹ɢһĹ꣬ѰӰʱʧ

ʱ
Ԫ缫ңԶһƬǿС
ѰӰһ֣е΢΢һһ˿Īĺ
ৣ
磬˲ϢڼԶһǳϡ
ֻǣǳϲκϢ߿ݽߣ
ѰӰŲƣܿǳϣûãһͺͺСɽǰ
䣡
һӣǰСɽȻ飬һٿӳ
Ѱۼֿ죬һץסȻһöϻһȫµĵͼͼϱһĿѪȺ㡣
ǹСĵġ
ѰǷЦ
ûе飬öж
Ѱһ·棬ÿһطͻҵһбȻһȫµĵͼ
ˣѲǣΪڣѹȥһʱ䣬һ·Ժİ
ѰȴԵúƽ֪ΪλСġ
ֱ
һƬǿյ
һ޴оǡ
ǰһģӰǡ
Ѱˡ
ӰһϮۣͳɳƣɬϢڣա
Ѱƾնأ
Ӱе򽻳Ȼ
Ҫȼˡ
Ѱ̾ߡ
ӰһĬһŻ󷽣һصؾ磬㾳һһŻͻᱬɢУɸһǰ
Ѱü׼ĵͦġ
ҲңӰʡ
Ѱ·
ӰȴδôѰƬ̣ȻЦڸҿ϶㲢δ㾳İǰ
թңѰü
ӰСһЩܹû
ҵޣھҡѰ䡣
Ӱڿ²УҪٵһʱ䡣
Ѱã
졣Ӱ
ѰһΪΣ
Ӱ㲻֪
Ѱһۣãҵȡ
Ӱѡ񡣡
Ѱֱϥգ۹۱Ǳǹģɮ붨
ӰЦʱ㻹侲ǳϵĺܡ
Ѱû
ӰûȤҲûٿڡ
ʱš
Ҵѹ
ಣ
죬һƿնӰһץУһö
һӰƺ˿˶
Էˣ
ԶһֱڴѰӣʵ
ǺǣóкǱ㣬ȴһö޷ҪȷһϢ
ʲôϢ
ȷһģûд֡
ӰȻڡ
ѰͫһУϢǴԪ̴
ͲҪ֪ˡ
Ӱ˵ţóһöľ޴С
ûãһ˵Ӱ߳


2892 ƾ
һ½Ǿ޴ǰ
ÿһȻ޷գΨǰ䣬ģ¶ҰС
УŲ²֪
ĿһĻѰ𣬺ȻЦ
ǺӰüѰٽٶɣ
ȴѰ̾λΪԪ̵ˣȴҪԼŵвĳȥ˸οԪ̣
һ仰öԷ˽һ
ӰŭȳѰںʲôʱ䣬ɱҵȲˣ
ѰЦɷѿĵڴ˲֣ҲôʱˣͲڣĳƲǡ
㡭
ӰŭҪ˵ʲôһ˾ѿڵλСȻ仰˵Ĳΰɡ

ϹӰһ¶ʵģȻԪո󸱸죡
ٿԱߣŹӰֳĿȻơ¡λ
֮ǰǺӰƣ
˿̣ЩضѰüɱ
λһԸĳҪϲֶ̨Σ˴۽硣
Ѱܸп
ԪʱǾ۵澳ΪУЩΪϹǣҪȥĴڡ
񣬲Ŷ̶ʮѣһжѷ˱仯껨ƣ˲ͬ
ɫ΢΢Щѿ
ǶԣβȡַʽԸѰȷܶȡΪѹ˲Щˡ
ٷϻ㽻򣿡
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Ƚ䳤ϽѰҶѾˣλѵΪһߣ
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ͬһʱ䣬ЩϹһ֡
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ϾʮͷУǿҲֻгѾԲС
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ǵûбѹƣѿʼѹƶԷ

ûãѰХԨһݺݽյһɫսɳȥƲݺϡ
ۣ
ƿڱѪǻȥһաô˻ᣬ屩ϣһư
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ٿʱӡһ



2893 ϴж
졢ޣŭӡ
ʱӡ⣬ѰĿ⵭ȻؿǣζΣ
ɱǣڰʮҲزŹ㣬Ϊ֮٣ΪԪ»ԣɲڴ˿ҫ
ѰЦҵһʣʲôʱʮԷĳľٶڴǧսʼֱĳ磬Ѫɱ¾УʮӰӣãĳ񻹻˼Щ
˶٣ܾǰʦ𷽴֮ڰǰھʱһüͷҷɵ˵ʦڵھѵϢǾֻһֶζԸҷ紫ˣǲáǾһȺŹ
ͨ죬ǰ֮ʱҲǱЩ͵Ϯİɣĳһֱȴ
ɫѿˣʤܿܣ˻豾ǿɾ쿪ˡ
ѰȻǷ쿪ǵһ֮䣡
һֱû˵ɫ䣬ѰǽԪ̸ɱǣԪעݲ㣡
ѰЦģշһУԱһһ¼ǾãЩ󣬻θ룿
ĶȵףĿѵԭƺˣ
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ֻǣʱӡǿܹסԴ־ʱܹģ
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Դ˵ģڤڤע
ûٵ飬Ѱһ𷵻š


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2894 ı
Ԫ̣ŷλɱЩֲԪڵʮͷǿߣȺס
ǶԣҪеڻҲ׾١
׼жʱѰæڣλǰһ¡
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衢Ӻƽûһ뿪Ԫ̣λɷɱѰӣ
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ҺѰص·ϣԴ־أ»ûˣû룬ǾɥĲҪԪº֣浱ǲô
ƽ͸ɱ֮׼ŭˡ
ôȻԴ֧֣ҪͼııѰϵɡ
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˽һ㶣Щ졣
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ѰЦȻǣҿȽѹԺԴҲ˵ڱչأԸԴ壬ԪƸԴΪ׼֧ȥıȡԪλá
˶٣˵һֻҪϢ©ȥԴĿܸԪ˺˵׼Ĵ룬ԴΪԪһء
žһϹɫ죬Ѱһڡ
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죬ͷӦβסЦ⡣
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οԪ̿ɲǳصģ˵ںܶǰķδ飬Ԫӻ˭ҪԪ̣¶øصĴۡ
⣬ԴҲʶǸô죿
ڴʱ
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Դ콫򿪣ʱһӶ⴫ԴϣͿ䳤Դһǰ
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˵ţѰЦԴ칰˹֡
ԴһԺֻһͷ
ı
ı


2895 
ԴǳѾԲڡ
ȴڶ̶̼գۼͱѰѹ
ⱾԴеѰ˵ҪΪĻ᲻ףһı
һԴ칪֣ԴĳˣΪУҲȥȡԪλãܷʹ˷Źһ⣿
̬ڵüǫͳϿҡ
Ѱ̾Դ֣Ǹˣдõǰ̣ΪξҪ뿪أҴӦҲӦԴַģĳ֤Դֵκһ˿ء
Դ巢ѵ̧ͷɫòҲգҾ͸һ⡣
ѰĴָ޵ˡ
죬Ԫ»ûвʱԴԴѾѹ
Ҳǵ죬һҵϴչ

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ֻǣǴԴҲ벻ΪҪڽշѣѵͲڲң
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2896 ָ
Ȼͼֱ
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ֹǣЩˣ𺳣겻ѡ
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ʱǨѰѿʼִƸȨ֮Աȣǵݺְ񶼲һأ
ͻȻ˿ڣֳϲųѾڵУЩУɲһЩѾԲڣΪβЩѡһλ
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衢ӺǶ֪Щ˿̿һĻҲסзڲѡ
磬ҪѰһ÷ѾǧȥѰңʱ򻹵
Ѱãһ־ǧ
ֱ͵ڰһ׮컯ǰҰɲһĴ
ЩƷ֮µܼǧв޷в򣬵ȴ񾳳ڵŲɹĺô
Ѱ˵ţĿ⿴磬Щ糤ͳ﷢Σ
ǡ
Ȼ
һӣЩ񾳳ڵǿ߽Լ빰񣺡лָʹͣ

ǡǷҲȡ
һЩںͺڵǿۺˣ׷ײ̬໴ƵģڴؿѰ
ƽ٩λ˵޹»ˣ
˶һȻڨڨѡ
û취ǶԣΪĿ屦οӴĿһҲƲסԼ
ѰЦЦһӡ

һСɽƵƾճ֣ʶĿκĿѣԵ˹
˽ע⵽ЩڵؽƷƷ֮ı
Ҳϡ
ˣ֮ǰŵİѰҵ͹񾳴ڶˣеҸĿˣĸԸҪָ˭Ҳ
˶ʱЦ
Ҳ̡
һĻǶһۣЩһðѰǮң뵱ʱΪѼһ֪ҪѪʱ䡭
ЩǧɷɷΣ
ѰĿ⿴򷽵ƽ
Ӵһ쵱ϸͿʼʹϹͷˣ
ƽһۣЦŴӦ
ĻῴѰǴЩЩмʵ
˵ѰýЩ屦óЩϹǶݲѣҲпѡ
ɣѰŵԼļˣ
лָ
һڡڵǿлϲòѡ

˭˶屦ģ
ҲԸ
˶ΪɷôľٶҪͼѰһӡ
һƬٴγҰС
һӣ˶ˣ


2897 
Ѱһó١
֡١Զԡ
һسҰУ˵Щǿˣ˶ѡ

ԶԶǵؽɱȵľ屦
һһƷɵֵϽؽ׾Ʒļֵ
ڣѰóһ
һĻ˵ǷԪ̣Ƿ׽̡̡ھЩУؽ䶯
һʱž
ѰһóǧؽƷ֮µڶһǧؽƷƷ֮
óģֻһɽֵ֮ҪԶԶǰΣ
ʱ˭ŵİѰļҵ͹⣬ǲŽЦ󷽡
һƬžУѰڵԺ󣬵л֤ѾͬţԿȡЩ
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ܿ죬Щ񾳴ڽ½ɢȥ
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Ѱ١ǧϦڽոոսΪֱӹܵɷ졢¡ԭƿصȨ
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£ԴҲעҲκηѵĽڡ
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Ӻ䱳ǵĲϡ
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ΪԪЩźڶֲ࣬ڵߡУҪڽһȫǨԪ磬֪ѹεȴ
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ЩһϮػԪЩвȣԲ
ãǨһ嵹Ҳ򵥣ֻ轫Щȫװ뱦УֱӴء
ЩҪĴۣӵеĵˡ
һ壬ӵеڶ̸࣬ڣһǨǾӪµ͵̣Ȼͽɢ۲ν
Щۣ˭ףȾ֮£ȫΪҪ
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Ŀ⿴ӺԪ죬һŵһֱƿأҲ˵һʱڣԷΣշ
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ЦλصģҾѰȥһˣȥλԪ磬ѰΣ
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֮ǰҲڵǣԼô죬ѰԳУԿӭж⡣
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ѾͷһֱУӦûڱչء
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Ѱ˵ͷŻȻֲ֮ǰټڴʱȻӰ
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Ѱơ
Ԫ˵ţһƵݸѰȴԪһ壬ֻóƣȻǲ
ѰֽӹЦ˵ĳԪҲѣǰҪȥݻһ¡
Ԫ
ŮڹŻɽΪԪ֡
ԪһѰһЩмֵ顣
һЩſԼǰ硣
Ļ֣ԼҵĴȵȡ
ֱѰǰǧսʱԪһֻȸȸΪѰָ;
ȸһЩѰǧս󣬵ǵȷѰָѡ
ֱڴǧսĳУΪżбһսȸŷֿ
˵ڵִ֮ǰЩԪиٵİ
ۼѰʶԪԪȤѰԪ̸λȨأݳȻɲܴҼ⡣򣬿ɾͳҵﱲˡ
Ѱ
ȻǶֵֶŮͬѰѣطҲѰĺѣƽϱֵĻǿɾͳˣ
Ц
ڳҲЦˡ
߶ԣѹϵĻһʵԽǿλԽߣԽ
ѰѾԺЩϹƽƽȥƽϱ֣ȷס
Ȼû˭Щҷеԭĸ֣
ġ
趣Ѱȥ򣬵Ҳ̫Զ˳ڱɷء뿪ԪǰȥԪɽءңһˣԼŸ㡣


2898 ʦ
ң
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Ѱִʱھʹһͳϵ
ѳɡ
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
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涣ӰͣϪˮ֮ϴ
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˵ţĿɨȴ˵ֻԼһˡ
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ҿɲ֪
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Ѱȴһ𣬵ϥһ࣬ϴ
ĴͥĿʦԲԪڼԪУ
ԼŵԪ̿ʦ֮棬ԳơԪԪ¸
Ĵ֮һ֮棿
Ѱ𾪡

ԼŵȻ֮ѻ߲ÿһμԪʱͼȴɴͷԻ֮ıȡһ
ʲô
һǰΪֻн棬޾Ԫ֮ΣÿһμԪ٣Ȼ㾳Ҳܵ޷Ĵ١
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컯֮ʱѰٿ˵ٵ飬˵˽ԼԪĻĺ֡
ܾǰҹҲ⵽˽ٴڱڡ
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컯񱦡ͼӻͬԵٵɱ
ֻǣվһʱģԪ֮Ѷɹʮ˴ֽѣ֮ǰѰ֮棬ҲǴһܹһݵİ취׽ٵΣգ
Ѱ˼ʱԼٴοڣ
׽֮ס֮š֮͡šԪ֮ԪһԪеĴܣǵ˵硣Կ϶ǣҲ棬Ҳ컯֮档
ҺԪ֮һλ֮ͥҲںܾǰ뿪ĿҲѰ֮йء
λʦһǰ뿪ɴ˱ԿһμԪǺεȲѰҲעͬ߼ԪеĴУϲܻǰչж
꣬Ѱһ˵μԪ٣ͽǧڽ١
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Ѱ˼ô˵Щʮͷ֮ΣҲ붯㾳֣
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һȵԼŽϵĿ𣬶ʱ˵ڿС̽һֳһݸѰ
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ѰҲסһڣʱһ޵óԣ
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óԾͶЩ
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Ѱüͷ⣬ɴû
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˶٣οʦԹ棬ΪĴ֮һǵطɲ֮¡
ʦվԣʦĴͥĿʦһȻҲһλԪеĿֲڣıֻ̫ʱֹһʱ䣬ֱ֮һ˼ʦ
Ѱɫ𲻶
Уĵȷֻʦµ־࣬ʦǣҲûټʦ
ıߣıһʱıȫߣıһʦײβȴѾΪЩ̺·Ĳ;˵Ĵʦĸ
˵⣬ԼŲпΣȴڣʦ𷽴֮γҲˣ
Ѱ̾ҷɽвٴ䡣
˾ʦָ豣ʮʦյȵʧķ紫ˡ
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Ѱҡͷǰˣҿɲʦֻ룬ʦȻǿȴΪдбԵʡ
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Ѱ˵ͷ
紫һҲһֱڵȴʦһ٣


2899 Я
Լ̸Ԫ̵顣
ǰʱԪ̺͵ھϡҶϽãÿһʱ䣬Ԫ̾ͻѡһЩҫ۵ĽɫǰھУЩǿ඼ѳΪϡҶеҪ
꣬Ž뿪ǺϵѾ٣ԣ񼴱ԪѣҲָܹʲôæ
׽̵̡̡Ҳơ
֮ǰ˵ǧ֮ڣԪ֮پͽ٣ھЩҲעԹ˲ϾǷв飬ڽЩǲٲϵھ֮顣
Ȼ޾ԣ˭Ҳ޷ԤϽЩ﾿ᷢʲôԣԺ£СĽһЩܹˡ
˵գԼóһöݸѰʦվģⲻΣʱԶá
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ǡ
Ѱȥ

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ͱѰѾǲԪոеһڳϡִ¡ִΪЧ¡
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ѰԣڽձΪԪո󸱸Լţ˽Ĵͥʦͷ֮һЩ¡
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Ϊβܻ
ȻƳһۣڣ˴ҴææģҪʲô
մЩֲޱصˣһʱ䷵塣
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ȻŻȻԭˣӦǰϢˡ
е棬ȻǶӺ
Ѱ̲סڴ˳УͨǶĴ󣿡
Ȼգգ۾Ǹˡ
ԱߵĶЦλδЩªˣޱÿһǳؽͨǶϵĴֻҪһ۷ֲޱĸط˲ϢͿԵִ塣
Ѱʱùô˵ӽޱ󣬱ֱӽ͹ִģɶȻȴһֱԼϹתư
Ȼݺݵ˶һۣյϽɣ˵ĵط
ȥѰֻǲЩ顣
֮ǰֻѰúùһѣԹ˴顭


2900 ֮Σ
ѰԲƽЩ
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ڳ˸εѪȵһĻŵ
һλپԲڣУѿƾͷĴڣϾ̤ϲ;УoҲûʲô
ڣϰ㱻ɱˣ
ֲ̫
ٿѰʱ˵Ŀⶼˡ
žķΧδãѰͽеԪΪĩ
˿Ƶ˵ǻ֪ŵ飬ζԸǶϣȫǶϵ⣬ĿΪˣԴвȶӺ
ȻǼȻ֪Ԫ̷飬ôǻἤŭ棿
Ѱʮͷڲսе̫ˣӦѾʶԪ֪˶ԸҺͷƽزưոݣʶǲŻǰ֣ΪһԪǿսԴв
Ȼ˵ҶѾȫˣ
ѰοػţεжأǻΪ㣬ǱǶڵĵϣҲǽղչжʱ䣬ǶϲǶϡ
˵ţһӡ
䣡
ǹһصǿʮˣȴһ˲ԻɻɢֲһĻóеʱһ
²˳٣ھȥ塣
ѰǰĴ͹ȥ
ȻʶظѰϡ
λٿ͹һߡ
Ѱǰ⿪ǶʮλϵĽ
ǣ
һ̣û˷ԣƺѰϵ壬һԵüϡ
ҲǴʱȻ͵ʶЩȥѰԴԼû䣬ĵ֮ϣҲǿֻĵز
ڳ˶ԣХ˾Ĵڡ
УҲûʲô𡭡
ʵϣȻҲ
ЩѰѪɱ¾ǰС棬Ѳˡ
ˡ
һռ䲨͹Ѱ˵Ӱʱʧ

ᶴ硣
µʮ֮һؾ磬ҲǶ̾ĵ̡
ֻǣ㣬ɽ续ᶴ磬ڽȴֳĿĵĲƷ澰
Ρۻɽݳ٣عѣҩﱻ̣ɽطɺѪա
жŴ̱ǵζ
ԸվһҵĴս

Ʒδ䴣ɽ壬˿̱ǣתϼڡ
ɽ¡
Ƕϵĺصأ
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Ϊ׵ģ峤Ƴա峤Զ۪峤۪峤ɽС
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ڵѳƵİ²嶼þηֵ
󣬸ŵǸеǿߣвҲе۾ڣĴһǧ֮ڣ
ȿֲݣ׺ɨеκβ壡
֮ǰսѸһ䣬Ƕ֣ᶴںƣϵһ˶ȵɽС
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˭ֻʱģ
֣ϵʱԽãǶϾԽȫõϣƳտԱֻ֤ҪͶɱһˣ
ʱ峤Ƴڣء


2901 
ɽ幰
һɽϣ
еһڶϵĴۣĿңңԶǿߣɫһһѿ
Ϊ峤г˷ŭһİûں
ƼҺͶ峤ƳǰݷãûκλɣƳսᶴ硣
һֻˡ
ƳЯرɽӽͼǿ߽ԲС
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ǿбִ֮£ֻüԶԶ˱ܣȫصڡ
ɼˣɲء
ЩûüصصˣԱ¾ֱɱͷѪɺӡ
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˱ͱӣݣҲ⧲
һֻĹؼڣжƳյĵûκηҲû뵽Ἧһɴɱ
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ʱӶǵĿȥԶɽعѡ̳续Ľɽ˽
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Ҳ˳峤նӺѾϢ˵ҪȫǰԪжӣֻҪֵԪ˳֣оˡ
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֮ѽŵƵƴֶΣҪڽƴʱɱһѪ·ųϴŻ뿪
¡
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һֱڽץһʱƻ˵صĽƺ
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飡
һӣЩǵ۾ˣŭ
λ׼һɱȥ
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ѾŲ̫ãٵȥҲû塣
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ųϣǺߣֻҪл̾ӣϲκһ˿飬סϵǶȫϣκһ˿ʧף
⿴Զľųϡ
ųۿ죬סĵŭͳ鳤͸λģƴҲὫ˴Ԫ̣
вٳɣһͭҪչж
ڴʱ
䣡
һľӼԶ쾪ףᶴ춼͵һҲ
ţһ󾪺
˭

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˿̣ӴҲһɧңΪ׵λ峤ɫȥ
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ӦѰǸԪ̼ҫ۵ˣ˵ǰЩ֤;ӵپУΪһִ¡
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ˣӺǸ֪շֻԲŻǲȻһǡ
Щɫ䣬ɫ
˵Ѱ֣֪ҫۣƿ
ֻǣ񻹲ѰѲǡִ¡ˡ
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ܾǰǶͺѰ
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ӽᶴ磬һ·ǻҡưܡѪȵľֱʱĴɽΧöȻĶס˷ߺ޽ӣǵ¡
ѰŮ뿪Ԫ̣
أеԶһɽϴ͸żٵζ
ˣΪҪߣοڵǡߵô
ƳЦſڣֻЦȴ͵Į


2902
˵ʱƳһ֡
һ񾳴ںŲƣѰͺͶȻ·
ԶһĻĶе˽ɫ䣬Ķȵס
ߣɱȥΣҲϲѰȻ
۾Ѫ뷢ŭš
Ѿܾò˶ŭ
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յľƣʵ˿κεϣ
ɾǴжʱȴѰȻ΢΢һЦ
ϵλĪĳЩ϶ֳ˽һ¹Թ뿪
Ȼ쳹ʮء
ǶһСҪʲô
һȥͶĴԿ
ƳաԶҲΪˣɫζ
ΨжȻӷϣ
ڳ֮УҲֻѰսεȿֲ

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һپڣѰΧ£ȥ
䣡
ǸʩչԺӿǵصĴѰϯȥ
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ЩεȿֲɻδȿѰͱһεѹĥ
ȡ衣
ƮƮһ仰ͼѰһӡ
䣡
췭ظ޹⡣
֮ǰѰֵʮλپʱ类ĩ쫷縲ǣ˲Ϣ˺ѳƬɢһգ
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һǿ߽Աһɫ䡣
⡭
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УǰЩʱǲŸ֤;
ŭĽŵĿ⿴Ѱ
Զɽۣ֮еһڶϴļ٣ɱȥɵһĻʱ۾ҲɵùԲ֡
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ͼУЩ۾壬ըܼĳӱݺѪ֮ڶŰ͡
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Щ۾ڵҲмͳһ䲻粻;Ĵǿ󣬿УҲѳƵǸ߲ʵĽɫ
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⿴ƳաԶλ峤ɫ࣬λ񾳳ϣȥ´ⲣ
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ԶԶһѲ߮ɽ֮䣡
¡
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ܣҲ̫Ӧ
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Щپ
ҪǿһЩһʱŲվҪܡ
ȴȻ֣˷类ᣬǵӰڵĳӣƾκ޼¡
Ѱ֮ѹɢõֻһϣ类ԶɽУһ屬飬Ѫɽ


ҡ
ֵĴд˷
ɺܿЩǿߵıжȻֹ
һĻֲ̫
Ѱֻǰ֣ǵƣѹȵЩ۾׷ױڳС
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һĻ׻ƳĵĶ־ǳ׸е˿־塣
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Ѱˮһ̳

ͼӺˮӳǵصĳˮƵģЩɢߵĵ˳ȥ
ЩÿһŲ񾳵ĵУԸЩɫѴ´ࡣ
һʱ䣬ͼһĻѪҽ죬ڶ
еȶϵĴǶǣþ޷һĻĻ̫ɽХǵ
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飡
ܿ죬һƵ
ƳաԶ۪ɽλ峤ˮܣѰǰ
һ̱࣡
ٿطڶǿߣһڣ


2903 񸣵
ؼž
ѪϢأ
̱ڵصĶ峤ɫɥ
һΣб䲻⹥ᶴ磬ռݾƣΪѶϻ췦
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ʧ֮أѲԪǰ򵥣ĸҡָ֮Σ
һ֪ûЩڵעΪеƾ׸
дһڶϵĴǵִʱͿһĻһ֮࣬˵ʹ졣
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е˽Իһɵˡ

ǴԴҲû뵽Ŷ̶ʮʱ䣬Ѱһ𸱸λ͸߶ˡ
˵ڵ򣬾ǸڵڰЩͷеϹŶҲ֣
ԭָҵ֮ǰ¡
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ҵǣ
в˼λϣǴȥЩ飬дָ
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Щȥ
нһӻ޴йǿԽ˻úôһ
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˵ţóһհ򣬽ⶫλӡУ˫ֵݸѰ
ȻѰⱲֺ͵λϵĸߵͣɶԴǣǾٶ͸żء
ѰЩӦҲûȥıʲô
ʵϣҲעı䲻ˡ
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һУڳͷ˶ɲ٣һĶָ롣
Ѱ˵ͷ߶ǰˡ
ͶȻһ𣬳ּҵĺصȥ


һɱеĶ˷أϲѶЩɢޱĶǿߣѱɢص
öҲǳ˿

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ׯһ壬ȴͶͷϣӷɽΪУֶ𱨵Ѱ޷̵ġ
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ׯϰһɫ䡣
ѰԪʱԵһս£ǰЩ귢飬Ҳׯһ塣
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ׯϰصһʱХλٳɱУ
ʵѰЩֲͬطĴǶѾֱ˳ׯϰ߻ۡ

ܿ죬ɽ£Ʊͬʱӿ֣һرϰ㣬ﱣ
ѰڱһĻûֹ
ΪЩֶζԣȫͬ裬ģ


2904 ټԪ
ׯϰغһׯϵĴ˳һڰĲ١
Ŀ⿴Զ
Ѱֻһˣû֡
һ׳ѰɱׯʿҵȻûˣȴŷ룬浱ΪԪ̴ˣͿׯһ壿
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ׯϰصһڴǣ򶼱һĵϡãе
̳ɢ
ǧɵɽѳʧ񱻴ӴĨ֮һʧĻׯһЩǡ
ʼգѰԭأΰƵᡣ
ֵȴƬ̣û˳׼뿪
һŭӼԶ𣺡˭ΪҪׯһף
һ꣬һϮ£Ӣ˲
ֻǣ˿ͷɢ࣬ŭд⡣
ֻʥΪɴʱȴǸǷɱˡ
ⲻ꣬Ѱ΢΢һڵѰԪԪո󸱸ɽʮˣΪׯұԺ󾡿ҡ
۾ѪҧأסҽׯͣԺұѪծѪ
ѰŶһתȥ
Ϊβɱң
ׯ˻У״
ɱ㣬ζű㱨𣿡
ѰͷҲأնݳ֮ǾԺֵܳͱⱾһη壬ɵЩͣԺұ
ׯȻأޡ
һ죬ׯϰΪ׵ׯһԱׯ˽Ա񸣵أ
Ѱ뿪ǰڴ˲һؽơ
̸϶ȴ俼޵ߵĵĺ־
˼֮ϲƽ
ҲѰΪµһ׮ԵԸԺԵ߿񸣵أ

ͬʱ
ѰıͶȻ˳ִԪһĵϡ
ӭ¥
Ԫ峤Ԫ㣬дѰ
ԪһһϹҲϯһ࣬ѵһ𣬲Ǿ׼˼ζ
ｻ֮䣬ԪһԪϴԴǼԴž⡣
ԽЩԽԪһλķǺε֮أѰ̫ᣬЩϼһҲһǰ
ԪΪѰǾʱʶҲϯϡ
ݣһϮѣ٣ǹྦྷӨü֮أһɫƣд뵣ƻá
ϣһֻʮȸ
ʱźԼһڴ̸ЦѰԪ񲻽һ
ң뵱ڹŻѰʱԷֻһСطľ۴ۣۼУ統ʱԼ
ʱǨѰѽȣֹ֤Ѿ࣬ѳΪԪ̵һλ
ǵݣԪһüͷ
ǶԱΪҲһЩϹ磡
ʱԪƾһİңԶ֮УѰԣǳڵɳһ߸ϣһֻ
С㣬ǶȻþͱȴܰѰߣҿҲԵġ
ȸתԪ񣬴һ˿
Һȡ
Ԫһ˿֮⣬Ҳ˺ѰһеĶȻԷݡʽԳƵһ
ԪͬԼòţŲϻ˼
ȸסŮ˲Ǹӹ֮Ҳκ˵ֻҪ㹻ǿеǰݵǰĲſ
ԪȻ
ȸ̾С㣬Ѱһݵʯȹ£±ȵ컹Ѱ
Ԫһƽȸɳȥ֮ɫ˭ϡǼһݵǰ
ôˣ
ԶԪЦʵ
ѰǵĿҲȥ
Ԫʱ֪Լղųȸľٶʧ̬ˣҡͷû£ȸЦء
ԪЦָǹʽܲһƣ
ԪһԼȥǼһﾴƣ
룡
ۼŲԪʱЩΣڳЩǶüһʶ壬ʶɽȴˣ
ȴѰһԪǰЦ˵Ɑƣָ㣬һ֪ԭ˰ǡ硯
˵գһ
Ԫ˶Цס
ԪüҲ塣
Ѱһ
ԪƱһָ⣬ҾԸ񡣡
ѰһͷˮطλΪԪ̬䵭
ԱߵĶȻЦ۳һֱһ࣬Ǻܲھֹʧ̬˵Щ̵Ļ
˵ţһ̾Ϊߣʶ㣬Ů˰վŮˣ±˴ûʲôǣɵʶӺͱŮ˵˵ЦЦʱܹǻܱŤġ
Ѱ
һƵСѣôô΢ôຬ壿
Ů˰
ѰҲп
Ů˽Ůˡ
ȻȻɱᣬҿɲ䣬óԪûȤҲ˵ġ
ѰЦЦٶЩ
ǣʱԪȴƱȻǰ¶һĨ׺͵ЦݣȻãָ˵ʲôأǷһƣ


2905 
ȻƱЦ⣬ƯӿԪ񣬵̫ˡ
˵һ
ԪҲо꣬״ƲʵúָǣĪͶϣҪΪ£
ȻһЦͶ̸ϣҲ˵ϻĺѣԺǷԵһ𣬾ͿϲԵİˡ
Ԫʱ¶ǸȻ֮ɫԭûûкָһҶˣü¡
ȻЦеСһ׮Ҳ⣬ѰҲ⡣
Ԫӷ΢ı仯ûٶԣתԼϯ
˽̸ġ
ѰĹ۲£ȴŮղԣ簵нƵģһͷ
磬Ԫ˵ص㣬ʵڶȻԼûһϡ
һ˶֪Ȼ֮䲢ûʲôǹϸ
ȻҲǳصģֱӳƺΪһԪĿⷢ΢仯
Ͼ˽Գƺָ
ɶȻȴֱǹϵ׽֮˭ƺ
̸Цзâԣĸ˲е¶з
ѰԹԺȾƣ͵ԼûвһС
ʱװͿҲһֱ¡
Ȼ󣬿һԹԺȾƵѰЦЦҲûж˵ʲô
ֻȴĪطһ˿ꡣ
ڲԶԪҲԹƣԳԼôˣƽ޹ʵظǶȻƽʲô
תһƳͶȻѰջĿ⡣
һڵĴȻŮӵĹע
û˭ס
ɣѰһ档


Ѱľ巵֮ûٵʱ䣬ѽȫ°׵Ԫһ뿪
һ
ѰŶϡԪϵ˵ִԪ磬·;ϲδٷʲô⡣
ɶӺԪλԳ棬԰Լҵˡ
ѰֱԼĶ
ƽѡ١ǧϦλеһЩϡִҲ½ء
ʱԴһЩ
Ԫ缫󣬹嫣Щ尲ҲǴ´ࡣ

ѰõϢԪЩﱳ˳ǨԪ磬ӴٲؼɵʮͷԴΪҪЮ
Ȼһ׮õ顣
ڵŶϡԪЩĴǨ뿪ҲǺܿĿ
󣬶帲ϢҲֶ֮ߣº䶯֪ٵķˡ
˵಻嶼ĦȭƣʼͼıȥռݶϡԪЩԭ̾Ķ츣أ¾Ҳ֮ö
ֵһǣйԪڷĴϴԲй¶Ļ²Ҫҳʲôӡ
ѰԪﶼЩϢע̫õġ

ָոǰŷ彲ˡ
һ죬Ѱھʱһǰ
֪ˡ
ѰӣӦ¡
ÿһ£һŷ彲ʱ򣬻ɸǰŷ彲
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εľŷ彲ڵ壬Ѱִʱɽ֮۵ľ޴ϣӰ
Ǿŷ崫ˣǧ֮ڡ
ڵУҲվӰиĳϣеĵӡִ֮
ѰӰʱжʱһɧ
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ǰ
һӣʺ˳ƵĴ˷Щŷ崫ɫԴż硣
Щִ¡һĴǣҲǰӭӡ
Ԫ̣Ѱǵ֮Ĵ뢣սţġ
ôˣ
Ѱ̲סʡ
ЦŻش𣺡ǵ֪˴ָŷ彲۰Ͱ͵ˡ
Щأ
ѰĿ⿴ԶϤףϡԪϵһЩǿߡ
Ҳİûмס
ؽ͵ЩǿҲϢǰָƣÿֻʮˡǷµĹء
ѰŻȻ
ֱ¡
һ̣ȫһ࣬üžеĿⶼѰһϡ
Ѱɫ񵭣糿ĺģ쳹У
࣬һս޴Լĥգͳνһĵãҵ̸ϣΪɡ
һ쳹Уһʱ䣬˶סһ¶ŵɫ
ֱʱǲ֪Ѱ񣬲Ž꣡
䣬ֱᵽ֣
ڳЩŷУҳһѱġ
ѰǳѾڣԪ̵һλ
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Ѱû뵽Լһ仰óв˴𶯡
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һʱ䣬ͼѰ쳹ؼ䣬
ܿ죬ڳ˵񶼳С
ѰģǺйصһЩأľ磬ڲʱԳ棬֡
ѰĻ벻ͬ޵߶УȴȻͬС
ʱƣ¶֮ɫеüеץеϲüңе¶΢Цеġ
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ѰѰԼҪĽĶꡣ
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ѰԶȥ
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Ѱ·һߣߺȻ
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ڸսԪ̺Ѱȡһȡа֮ġйص
ҲʱܵϲȺĹ޼ᡣ
ǰõʱԪڵĴϴжѰѾǰԪ磬޼Ȼء
񣬹޼ڵУֻѾˡ
лҡ
ѰĶԷ򣬡ԪѾһˣԺڴǱбǡ
޼ͷ
Ѱûٵ飬ƮȻȥ

ʱһһȥ
Ѱһ˰ɡ
һ죬Ѱ
ѰʱӦƵģ˵ǰѵϡϵˣ
ǡ
Ǿ͵ȺԪǺ
˵ţѳǰȥ
Ѱ
Ǻ
ıϣƾӰ
һ׷ԲԣɷǣһϮ۵ߣո̤һɽˮ֮ϡ
һò뷢ʲݵ̫꣬ɽ޿ɺ֮С
衢ѰӰ֡
ߺ͸ԽĿȥ
˲Ϣ뾲ֲֹѹϢɢ
ȴƻȻЦŽܵλŰ˼ѣλǲϵĲѣǳѾԲڣ֤Ҳֻһ֮ң
ѰλѡѰ΢΢ס
ᣬԪ̸ϹʱҲԲԾӡ
Ű˼ĿѰ紫˹Ȼ˲ãϷ˵սܹɱѾԲڣˣڵھ¶㡣
ޡѰ
ȴ俪ڣɲв;дһΣ
ɱͱˣ


2906 ѹ
Ѱɫƽ´˴ǰרҪĳдģ
ң
ǷƵĻȡ
ѰЦʲô
ϬԣˣӽԺ󣬲ٲ鷳ӮˣߣΣ
üѣδЩƽɣ
Ȼ裬ΪʣҪĴۺεȲأҼ˱֤ѾǸԪӣ˺ԪЩ̣ĸҺҲϴսһ
Ųм
һüΪΣԪ̺ʱ¹飿
ɫһȷ
һѽԷԪק˳βȷҪĳھ˴ӵԪ񣿡
΢УԱߵŰ˼ЦȰ⣺λĪҪ֮
Цλĳ˵ǰߣ֮Է硢ˮԪ񣬲Ԫ̲ɱǣǲ޶˶˵ǳһЩ鷳λΪԪôʾ֮٣ǿɾʹشˣ
һǿ֮
Ű˼üЦסֻҪѷˣһж˵
ЦȻģڴ֮ǰĳҪλı֤
֪˳
ߡ
Ű˼Ц뽲
ʵܼ򵥣ԪҪλ֤Ժ󲻻ٷԪΪе顣

ɡŰ˼Ӧ
տƾ
˵ţóöɫԪƵġķλͬ⣬ĵģһƾѪӡбɡ
Ű˼ʱü
裬ҪҶˣ
ɫƽܷλӣһ֮䡣
ҲգȻ˼֣ϷԲܾ
˵ţŰ˼ùһöɫģһƾѪӡǺɫУ»衣
Ŀ⿴
һûзϻҲ編ƣȥڣܸ÷˰ɣ
ѵλҪסһΥԣľس⣬߻ħɵ
˵꣬ŽԷ硢ˮԪ˹ȥ
ʱŰ˼˶ɲ١
ѣϵıڣ
Ű˼ʡ
費˼˵ʮħˡ
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ŭϣ׾Ʒɿܻᱻ٣
Ҳʧʮħˣ
һ޹
⿴ѰЦ
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Ѱһ˵ʲô
Ű˼΢ЦûʲôϷֻߵѣǷɽ˿ɱھٴˣԺĸѡ
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ѰŰ˼евζ
Ϊ˷ţ϶Σˣ㷽ɽ£ǱǵһʱʹϢˡ
費ɫ
ѰһѴע⣬ʱʦһ¡
Ѱһ˸㡣
ʱȻЦ䣬˵ǧڼԪ֮ע٣ھвϼһﶼԲ;ȤЩ㾳ڣһһЩ飬ʲôóȰǧڶԪĪҪԹԵصһͷڹ꣬Ҫ
˵գҲתȥ

ѰȻڡ
ôˣ
㣬ͷҲأһ˿м
㲻д𣬲սһ뿪
Ѱڵ
ȻתϬ罣ˣɾҪߡ
ɡ
Ѱͷ
ֹһࡣ
ϣ
󳤽ӳһͨīĳļµѪȻϢ
һҲڴ˿̺Ȼתһɫյָתʱݣ嫵ĺ򶼺
ɫᣬӲȻɣñʶʶʲôв;
ʮء
ƼʢҪԶĺᡢЩͬﶼҪǿһЩ˵ĽԲͨֲ֮
һ϶֤ĵ̣ͲһƾˣҪСһЩ
һ֤Ĵڣ
Ѱ΢УҲǽһת
䣡
Ԩڿ֣ת⡣
һ̣ƾŲƣɱȥ

кڽնǧٴΣһغɫĽӰ֯ħɽ
ֲƥĽƬ򳹵׷ڱ֮ҡ
Ѱֽ֮Ӳ
飡
ɫӰһƿŽ
ӷһĨ֮ɫ
δõҲɱУͬҲâȴѰ׼仯⡣
֮棡
ת䣬̤նкڽش̳
ؼһϢӰ˲䱻һĨһգõƬһ׹һּްĺڰС
ţ̹ǵɱâ֮Ȼһб
䣡
ؿռ䱻͸һ̸˵ĸоͷ·ҪƿһУһǰ޿ɵֵ

춯صײ쳹򶼱ƷϯϣֱҪ񷶼û
ͼһǰһȴڴ˿̱Ԩεס
ͫȻһ
ˣ
ͼѰӰһչ𽣶ҳȥ򵥴ֱЩҰԶŵoġ

ԽӲȴûѪڣɫһ䣬СѾڣȴ˱̬
¡
ӦѰĹ籩
Ӱ⣬նԨܼغҳȥնһؽӰӹЮصкХ䡣
ǵȰԵ׺һĻ趼ֱð亹
սʽֱֱ̫̫׺һЩ
ɵˡ
Ϊ;кε˭룬ȴĴ򷨣ȫͺ·ԡ
û˱ܣȫתУѰӲӲͲԼǵȳĵУòһѾڵˡ

ܼ񱩵ײֱ쾪װ㲻쳹쫷ϯŰ
Ƭ򳹵ҶС
ӲӲѪϷûʱʱضһ£ջûסȳһѪ
ѲƵظֳȻ֮ɫ
Ѱ֮ǿᣬȫ߸ԤǿЩף
أʼϿѪӰȫѰ񱩵ĺѹƣкɫϾҰ
ûã꣡
һ쳹ĥ֮ĺɫǱӲҵķѣŽ䡣
ͬʱܲסǵȿֲѹ֮Ĳݺݵɳȥ߷ɵƤƵġ
ӰδվȣǿѪϣܵصơ
ۼѰҪǰ赱ֹѰǿͣԵЩӡ


2907 ʦ
Ѱ֡
ʵϣҲûд㽫ɱˡ
ûҪ
Զͷңɫɷ͸
ŵؿѰɫ粻
ѣˣɲҪı֤Ȼ֮ǰԡЦпڡ
ģĳɲǳ֮
ߣĿ⿴ѰΪҸղŵĻв뿪Ԫһԡ
仰תȥ
ٲߣһ֪ˡ
Ŀ뿪ھв϶㡣
ѰʲôֻҪǵıɲ⡣
ĿؿѰһۣǰݣҵҲһԣ㾿жǿ
д裬ݣǰô˻һԣ
ѰЦ롣
ͷҡ˹ģӮˣҲԴСʤ֮䣬ˣ͸ˣһҲǰ̧ͷ
Ѱսǰģұ֤ˡ
תߣСҿɲϵ
ѰЦ׷ȥ

صŵĵһʱ䣬Ѱȥҷƽ
ƽ̵ƹϵĪ棬Ѱ뷽ƽæ̴Ϣʦش̽Ϣ
ƽ֪Ѱ⣬ʹӦ
죬һϢʹԪ̷
ЩѰֱԪɽطһ˶پƣѬѬȻԼ
ֻǣ׼ϥʱѰȴЩ
Ƭ̣һ̾
֮ǰںطƽ̸ʱ糣Ѱ¶ԴԼǵδǰļᶨ
˵Ѿϰ֮Գ
һŮϰȥĬĬǣҵһʱǷ֪εȼᶨŨ
ѰɵӣȻ֮ǰʱ򣬽¾Ͷһֲһ㺡
Ӳ˵ڣĬĬؽǷݸСزС
ԣǵòֻҪе㹻ˡ
ɶѰԣĸȴЩ
ң뵱꣬˰׵һӣ߽࣬绪ȴһֱŮߡ
ƽ⣬ޥģƴӡ
һ𲢼˺ܶĥѣ·ֿܳʱ䣬ֻҪټʱܹܵǷݸһֱǰᶨ
ֳ飬¶Сģᶨһ
ͷ·ѰһӣҲı˿㡣
ʱѰһֱЩκλӦ
ܲ
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ʶ²µģѾӴϰߵһ֣
ˡ
Ѱૣ£ԺܹҪһģȥˡ

ͬʱ
طɸֵصŽ£յ֮ǰʱõĻᰡ¹ؾͳû«ˡ
²ΪȻЦЦҿɲùΪѣΪˣԺҲô죿
ط̾ҲܾһֱȥɣҪҰ˵
µ˵ұ֤뿪ʧϡ
ɫܼᶨ
طһ˹ˣѰʲôõģؾίԼҲǵģŲѰΪѣȥĿ֪ĺãֱ
Цˣ续󻨰Ƶģ㲻ԾͱˣֻҪԺܹʱӣѾˡ
˵¶ĵЦ⡣

طŤͷߡ
ȥ
ʡ
Ȼȡ֤࣬ʡ챻ʺĵط
طͷҲص˵
ֻʣԼһʱ²¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
£ֻԼӲñ֪
˶ѣ

һʱѰӹúС
˴һ졢Էй䡣
ԪҲ֪ѰĵӣòѽйΣҲδĶ
һʱѰи̤ʵ鶼Լ޹ء
ҴҰʱȥ
죬ƽǰڷš
ѰһϢ
ƽһѰЦſڣʦˡ
Ѱһϲ
ƽոյִ
лǰ֮
Ѱ֡
ȥɡ
ƽЦóѰкܼ

һԼӰǣؾľ٣㣬Ө׾Ө羲
ѰӰڴǰԼӰȻתЦ˵Сʦܣþòˡ
ˮüۼҲ׺֮ʦء
Ѱĵļ಻סʦ㣬ˣ
ǰЩӣ跽ƽ֮Ÿ̵ʦ㣬˭룬ȴڽճԪУѰβϲ
شЦ⣬żн̸վ㣬һ⡣
ʦ
ѰǰΪ赹ˮ
ң뵱꣬һκʱǿչŵ֮ͥһƵͥСʱԻŮ۵ĵѣǼʱϵʦأһ֣ûŮ۴Ƽ䣬Ǳ棡
ɽУʦԵõġ
Ȼѱʦ֣ԴǼ䶼ʦء
ʦʦʦʱҲ͸ơ
ѰȻҲ⡣
ѰԼҲźЦԪ̵飬Ҷ࣬Ҷû뵽ʦ󡣡
ѰЦʦĽͬС
һۿӿڳѾԲεϢԲ̺£ͨ硣
ݸʦܣҲҪʦ̡
Ѱ˵ͷɫ
֮ǰ㴫ңǷ紫˵ĴΣҵǿȷ˵Ǻһ̵ЩʦʦãǺʹʦһ̫澳еʦֵǣĿǰݻ֮ǡ
ᣬ͸ľЩ꣬¾Ʊ仯̫죬Ҳûϵ飬Щ紫˲һЩ벻в
Ѱ΢С
ص˵ЩСʦйء
Ѱһʦָ㡣
صʮħĲսĻֹǵڰ𶯣ڵھ򣬸ҲһȻ󲨡
ԭڣϡϡϡԴĴ嶢ϵһȴʦС
ӵһ򣬾͵ӵ˿һĻᡣڵھڶ࣬ɳƵϡ塯ȴֻʮٶһµ壬˭Ӧ
⣬ѰʱЩˣƥҵõ򣬵Щ嶼Ǻˡ
صУƾЩ᲻
ƫƫأ뵽紫УʦƫƫӵйŽδеġ֮
һУЩ嶼òӣ˵ǣѾЩסˣ


2908 չ
Ѱˡ
¾Ƴֵı䶯ʮħĲս
ԼõõھЩ岻ġ
Լӵв;飬ҲЩǲòӡ
ǰʱ򣬾ھЩ壬ҲΪĲ֮ԴչֳǾͿʼĴǡ
ԣǶ򣬻ΪǱڵвھЩȻȡһЩж
⣬Ѱ̲ס˵ΪԪ֮ٽҪǧڽٵԵʣھϾˣ

صͷҲҪʦͲһˣǶϲǧڳġ
˶٣ҪԸ㣬һĽɫɲó㾳ıһ뿪ھ򣬱عķɡȴԳ㾳־
Ѱȷһв
ȻҲֻв
ѰҲеȥӦԣվʦ־ࡣ
οֻҪһֱԪУ˭Ҳκβ
Ѱ뵽һЩܣ΢ʦ㣬ҵ޾Щʦʦ¾ͻܵвˡ
غЦҲ뵽ˣҪԸʦ㣬޷ǾǵֶΣҪôץסὫ£ҪôץסЩ紫в㡣
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Ѱ׽̡Ļǵģ
صʦܣˣ׽̡ӵľǷ紫ˣǶԣ˷ͳֶΪ
˵⣬ɫһ࣬ҴҪ㣬һʱʦǱġ̫澳Ǳߣػָĵˡ
ôãʦӳͬǰӪȴʦǣҲػνһá
ڵڰʮͷҲػ׽̡̽к⣬α֤֮ǰĴ֮ͥһսսܾͻᷢԪ̡
˵⣬صʦҲصģ浽ʱЩ̵ķ紫ˣػһʱӪȡ
ԣѰȴҡͷܾʦ㣬²ס
һΪΣ
Ѱ䣬ҵǵʱŽԪ̵Ļӣʵ⣬ĿǣˣǾͿǵвҡ
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֮ǣ紫ҲѿǹЩǾһս£͸Ԫȡ
Ѱü׽̡̺ʮͷȥأʱҶϲӲܡ
̵ĵ̣޷˵УԱǲġ
ѰҲЦˣʦ㣬ԪҲͬˡҿԺĻ·ǷԪ̣Ƿ̣Ǳ˴ã˭ҲȥӪ˭ãʡӪȵ·;ϱء
룬˵׵ֻҪزͲȱ©ҲԲ˿ɳ֮Ȼвʱ򣬵һʱ䴫ϢԮɡ
سĬˡ
죬̧Ѱοʦܣյ㣬ѾԵǷɽĴˡ
Ѱı仯̫ˡ
ѲҪҪ˵Ķ̡
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Ԫ̵ĸЩϹŶǶþηֵĴڡε֣򣬲;֮ϣΪ
СʦСʦܣսǵλƵǷһָ
ʶزŻп
ʦǷͬҵ⣿ѰЦʵ
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Ѱӿһ˵ܡ
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Щ꣬ǷɽСĴˣܵʦʦշͱӻ
΢象桢ȵʦʦǣڹٰ֪
ںʱѰоһԸһ죬ҲҪԼ֮ȥϱЩʦʦ㣬ȥͳ
Ըʵ֣
ѰԣֵԺͿĵ顣
ƣԹʿңұԹʿ֮
Ѱûôֻ֪࣬Ϊ˷ɽͷɽЩʦʦ㣬Ժԥظȥػ
죬ؾȻ뿪Ԫ̡
˵Ķ˵ʣµģǵȴ籩ʱػ

ѰԼϸʦؽ̸ϸڡ
գ˼Ҳý
ΪԼӵв;õھҲס
Щ˼ɼԪ֮ٵĽ٣ײ뿪ھ򣬵ȴָʹʮͷ׽̵̡ԸԼ
ҪԸԼɽЩҲرĿꡣ
ַ֤Ԫα֤ǰػз籩
һ籩ܳС
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۷Ĵ֮ͥսעɱ⡣
ʱǣͲֻĴͥʮͷˣЩµ
ѰԣѲһս
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죬Ѱȥݷ裬Щһһ˵
Ļشܼ򵥣סǷ紫ˣҲԪ̵ĸһپ٣һ𡣡
Ҳڵ죬ƽӺѵҲԻϤ£Լ̬ȡ
һ̬Ѱˣ
ˣѰ޹ǡ
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α֤ʱ䣬ֻʣ²ʮꡣ
ӵųѾΪѰԣսżռ䡣
ܹڻϮ֮ǰΪѴԲزȻõġ
ͬʱѰл뷨
ڴܽ򳹵ʱսԣܷ㾳־
뷨ܷ
ΪԹûκһλܹ㾳½ֻһ־ҲУ
ѰԣͲĹ޷ƣ
ܾǰڹŻʱʥǵܹԽѰơ
ҲǺܾǰǿչŵʱ۾ǵӲ˴ƣɱѰơ
ͬ飬ھ۵澳ʱѰҲɱ
˵Ѱһ·Ѵ˲֪ٹɺ͹
񣬽ֻҪԸ㾳־࣬ѰɲΪڳѾУ޷
ҲǴѰ˴Ϊȫʱ䶼ϡ
ϲȱԴʶڱչʱҲΪ˷ǡ
䣬ȥ
һһȥ
չеѰȻһЩ飬ҲٱԪڵš
;֮Уʱš


2909 鲻Խ
ʮʱҴҹȥ
ʮԪڷ˺ܶ顣
һ۵֤࣬ط£ȻС԰ȵȡ
Ϊȸ飬౦ޱȵԴóһкޱ֧֡
ÿ۵棬ÿõʽԱһһЩϡޱȵҩ鵤
ˣɽҲ̵֤ĵӣԿС
һҲĶһ࣬ʱҵͻ
ʶܹЩӿֳһ֤ˡ
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ģʵǼǰҲðҲö
޳ԼӰǣֻѰͷɢϢʱ޿̲Ծޡ֮С
ѰϦ飬ҲԲλ֮У뵽ѰεȺܣܵ˼˲벻顣
ʱ˳ڷİСѰһ̲סྦྷӨĶͷ
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ѰˣҲȣɿһ鲻Խ㡭ûɣ
ﶼЩζ
ȴϢأ𪾫µ¶һõЦݣһ˲һжư޹⡣
鲻Խʶ


2910 ʮս
ЦŷԨ
ѰͷһμϵЦݱôã˲á
ָĦԼͣƬ̣ҲЦ
һ죬ĽȢŵģ
޵߶ԣչؾǼҳ㷹飬ԽΪߣչһεʱҲá
ʮ꣬ǧ꣬һͬ
ڱչУʱҲ÷ɿ졣
Ѱչصĵʮ꣬һ䶯µĴ·
ڰʮͷһ𣬳ʮսˡɵһͷ峤쵣ΡŴͷ峤θ
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ʮս˳󣬷ֲڵߡڰ಻壬½ӵ׫дּ⡣
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ҪôѡʮսˣΪʮսá
Ҫôʮս˵ĵˣ
һʯǧˣڣвʮսˣӵּĲ弸ѡͶϡ
˵ڣߡڰУϰٸ˳ʮս£
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ʮͷȴһγսˣⱾ˵ҪԸطͬѰ
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ɴܣ꣬ѾֻۣҲزԶӡ
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ʮսһԤǣһʱӵһ򵽵ڰ򣬻ȥѰҺץѰйصˣ
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ѰӴǧս磬һ·ӵһɱһ·ϣңûлʱȥύκˣǵв١
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ȴҡҡͷףһУкѰйص˱ô죿
üͷ𣬵ȷһ򣬾һ
һ鷢ػʮսյȥвѰʣ


2911 ν֮Ԥ
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ͨɺɫʯɣ񷸩һ޴ĻԲ̫
ಣ
ѰǸյִﲻãһƿ
ͼͬķϣ衢ѡԪ졢١ǧϦλ½ִ
ѰͻѾڵ飬һϹﶼԾ
Ŀ⿴Ӻʱɫ䶼֮ɫ
϶£ҪŰѾʱѰ˷졢Щ϶ǳѾڣ㻹֮д裬⵨Ҳ̫ˡ
Цص٩
϶¾ϲŰ˶
ǿɱ϶£һӮأ
ӮǺǡ
˵һͨ٩öӺɫһ粻вⶼЩˡ
дĻᣬ̽һѰĵоǿ˺εȵزɴûһҪֳʤ
ڣȴҵЩﻢ¡
Щϻ쵰
ӺаǰҲˮɣ


2912 ̫

ѰͶӺңң
֮ǰȡЦ͵٩ӺһϹǣ˿վڵɫҲ
٩٩ҲͶӺһкѰսǿᵽεȵزˡ
һӺһ䣬˶޳Ӱһӱ޸ߴΰɽ
һɫĻԲĲۣܻΪ㲻˼󸡳Уӳĵһ׵ף
ϵܣ϶޵ʮһ࣬ϣɵ֤;ʱҲֻһǧ꣬ڵʱƵǿˡСڴ˾ʱ㹻ԶյҲǱѰҪСˡ
Զƽڡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ͣ
͵أӺ̧֡
䣡
ִߵɫ飬Ө貣֯һǧɷΧľ޴گѹ¡
گڣ٣ϢǵأǵƣԵ¡
ѰӰָһ
ৣ
һնȥԴݿ֮ƽǧگһΪ׵˺
ӽ΢΢
Ӻһ©گԸһͬת˲ܽԷù촷ۣɢ
Ѱȴһ֮
ǰ뱣
Ѱɫƽʤνսһʹǡ
ӺЦã
뷢ƮӿֲȻҫ۵ױһ飬ܼױһɫսì
䣡
һ̤ؽԾɫսì磬ɱԵѸݡ
ǿֲĻϢֱ췣
Ѱ΢΢һе˼
ǰԣȭ

ɫսìӲסŽǧɡ
Ӻ⣬ǿʢӶսìɱÿһ֮ϯƺƵ
ѰƵᣬ˲ܣ֮Ӳ
һʱ䣬սкϣŭΰϯɢ
սѿ㾳֮۷ĶԾĽɫðȻϽ˲Ϣͻᱻɱ
ɽƬ̣ǵɫþ
ӺһѼޱĶȫսУ˵ѹѰˣ޷ռ˿ˡ
Ѱ򣬶ӺѾˣ
Сôǿ
١ɴ顣
ڽŵĴϴжѰԪոһȴ⵽ɡ
˵ѾڵѰɱĺᡢһϹ١ͬѰθ顣
ϾûмʶѰͣʶһĿѰƺ󣬲ŻԾ
Ϲ֣㻹ûһ֮޷СӶȫ
սУӺ󺰵
ƽǳ鴤ĻǴˮ
Ϸȥɣ϶Բ顣
˷׷׿ڡ
Ҳá
ƽһŲƣսһʱ䳯Ѱɱȥ
䣡
ӰӿȻ⣬Ͷ֮䣬к֮ʢ˲Ŀ
ϷˣһϳͶȫȻҲ֪Ѱɱܱ
ԪЦ
սеսˣλһлѰһˣǵ龰ֱκͬﵨľ
Ƕеǣ£ѰӦԵ·жȣ벻
ǿֲɱ֮Ա׾پͻ
ĻῴȻǷƽͶӺһ֣Ҳ޷Ѱȫ
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Ԫ죬ûϹֲ㻹ʲô
Ӻֿʼˡ
һ仰ȴɱ޴÷ƽԪ춼һҧ
ѰΣ
Ԫ
λ˲֪µĸһԸѰһḱȥѾܶˡ
һϣЩ۸ˡ
ǰǡ
սУѰЦ
ã
Ԫ첻ٷϻ
ʱսƷ΢ı仯Ԫļ룬ѰӦʱԲ֮ǰǰˡ
ɻɿͼսУѰεӰȻ⣬Ҳ֮һء
һӣӺƽԪλĹ裬бѰѹƵļ
⿴ǶһΣѰͣ
ɣ֮ǰѰԶӺƽλûжȫ
ҲԪļ룬űұ
ϵܣҲȥ
ƣҵҪѰܳŵʲôʱ򡣡
á
Ѻʹ죬ϻսС
䣡
սεȹ޴󣬿ɴʱȴԵûֲ׳ʣս쳹ؼ䡣
һڴˣ޷ս
Ҳֻǣܿ˿սݵս
ֻǣأüѸֳ֮ɫ
λһϣûѹסѰ
ÿһѶȫ׻ɱЩͬһ֣ȴûѹסѰķâ
̫˼顣
ϸ۲Ųи룬ѰϵҲ֮һأÿһΣǡôܹӦһй
ϳɾĻῴѰǲԸӮ̫죬Щϼһ棿
ȻӲҲ֤Ѱսǿᵽ˶޷ǳĵز
ÿΪƵöȫʱƾͻٱһأǶµĸо
١һϡ
´
١ǧϦһۣˡ
ѹ˲ʲôˣʵһд赽ڣǶǿҵս⣬ӵжǿܱѰü֮
١ǧϦļ룬սľƱλһԸѰһˡ
ս֮ղţ
ҲǴʱѰŸܵһЩѹ
ԶԶ
һ׽һмͷţһһԳӯѹһа޵ϣգۼѣͽλϹΧ֮ƿ
һ󾪺Ӻǵɴ۾š
֪ǿԪ̸¸¸ʮͷеͬǷС
ңǵսҲȷһͬɱȡ
ڣһ£ûѹסѰŤתƣз
Ϲ֣Ͳһˣ㻹㿴ֵʲôʱ򣿡
ӺС
һ̾ԺҪԼ·ڿܾˡ
Ϊһսעɱ⡣
ৣ
ӰһɱսС
λһϣѰսⶼԽսԽ¡
ӺҲһҧгݣʹѰǿҲЩϼһĻ
ʱơ
ڶӺǶɱۺʱѰȻˣλǰ㵽ΪֹʹƽΣ
ӺǶһź𣬺ЦԶѰӿ˵ĸоŶµûš
վûСӣ
̳ɢ⣬֪ʱվӰԪеǿߣ˿̶۾𺳵ؿһУɫ͡
֮ǰǵĵиеսڣǶǡ
λһԸѰ
죡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ


2913 ̫һ
Ұž
˵Ӱ衢Ӻλһ̣Щ鲻סˡ
ģȫˣ
ɿһҵ֮ǰںָд۵ȴ˶ȣڡɢ˰ɡ
ɫ죬ʶȤ뿪ˡ
ֻÿ˵Ķþ޷ƽϢ
д۵λһֶԸָһˣ
ָչʮ꣬սɱ䵽ȷ˼ĵزˣ
̫𾪣
ĿӰʧǶһۣЦҡͷѡ
Խ֮󣬽սۣУѰΪ𡣡
Ӻп
ѰдģΪ̽Ѱʵжǿˡ
ֱսĻʶλһȫ֣ҲϲѰ֡
Ѱʱء㵽ΪֹЩϼһҲðܵɣ
ԽΣѰһһȣֱƵҰݺյĲࡣ
޵ҲʶԽҲԽǿ󡣡
ۼһϼһﶼпɫӣѰٸв˼λǰǧĪҪԷƱ򣬿ɾɷˡ
ЦλͽˣѰ˲֮ϵ¶һݣ޷ڴ˾ңɿϡ֮ҵȰܸԩ
ӺǶЦ
ȻܱӰ쵽ľ
Ѱ㣬ɱҵܳŶã
ƽɫһ࣬ʵ
ϹҲĿ⿴Ѱ
ѰһЦӦñȸղŵսʱҪһЩ
Ŀܻ˵ɱɻɱǵеκһˣ
̫
ɼ˵ίǻˣһ겻ѡ
ѰڳѾѾԽЩϹ̫࣡
ҿҪѰüµö㾳־С
ĿƣѰҪȥؾ̫һͣ
ӺӷһĴȣ
ãá
ϹҲЦһسѰΧ£ȥ
СӸղŰǸѿҲԵͷˣ
ѰλǰʱѲ磬Ҫ
ҪߣͱһסϹҲΧ£ϣӵѰԶȥ
СһһԼܸͣѵ֪νģǱ֤ôԲΪ˿Ц
ԣЦ
ѰɶΪãϾɲĸӵĻġ
㾡ܷģҵȶ̫飬֤ʲô֮ǡ
ϹһȳĲˡ
ЩšȰοĻȴѰһľĻ᲻ЩϼһǰͲҪԼЦأ
̣˭˵Щǰؽ󶼺ܻģ
ؾ
Ԫ̫չ֮ء
һƬϤĺǿУ̫һϮ£ϥǿУǰһɴ۶ɵ̡
ɺ͵ѰһμʱһԼԼģԼԼ
֪ǵ⣬̫⣬Ŀ⿴Ѱ
һϹӵţһΣ̫٩㱻в˾գգۡ
Ѱǳ鴤һ£ʵԸģЩǰ֮飬ҲΪá
˶Ц
̫Ҳˣ𣬵ǱвȶҲһԣսΡ
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⻹
־лˣҾԱΣ
̫˵ţѰɫڣһ䣬Ȼұֻ֤ʩչ־
Ѱһ̾ʶԼӲ˽ˡ
Ѱúñ֣
̫Ҳʶһ£ʲôв֮
ǧˣģǸصƣҵҲ԰κˡ
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ѰˣƽĿ⿴̫͹ˡ
һת
̫Ƭָ̣һ
ϣ
һնǽͳ㾳Ĵϡ
ǽԸе۾ʹб˺ѰĴɫҲһӱޱȡ
Ȼ̫õĽǿ־ǵԶκγѾв
赭дһЩϼһƴһֶΣܱܿ
ȥֵˣ
ȴѰ͵һ㲻ܣ۷Уһȭ
ȭԨӡһлɬĲ෨һײʱ춯صĺǿն
飡
ʧѰӰ΢΢һΣѪ
δˣ
˶ݣסˣ
Զ̫ҲһĨʣָһһն֮ղһ뱩ɡ
ң˽жһһĴƣЩϹԶԶŶƾС֮С
һܹܣȥֵˡ
ȴѰ˿ȼհ㣬Źÿһë׶ڳ貾Өĵ⡣
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̤ǿգȭɱȥ
ȭըɽ֮УѰӰǰȭɱǵǿ̬Ƕǡ
˭ţ£ѰҲȡǿķ
ã
̫̾һӰȴһھĺӳѵնѰ
ÿһоţѹܣͻͺ嫣էֵһ⡣
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѱ뱻ѹƵ̬Уա
ǽֲ̫㾳ܣѾѽ¾
Ѱȴ֮Կ£⿴۾ɵùԲ϶ֳ֮ɫ
ǿ
ܿ죬̫֣Ѱͱѹס;ĩ·
䣡
һ̣òԨŽĽһһֵĥ
ڣȼƵģǰ֣
̫Цŵͷ
䣡
һͼӿ֣ʢֲˣѹѰϢĸоƾԨ֧ţ޷Чķ
Ѱδ
һ̣һͱһֹѣͽһͼ򱬣޾Ʈ
̫Ҳ⣬жƵӿһĨɫ
⽣ͼܣѿ־ȫһȴɱѰƿˣ
βȣ
һѾڵˣȴӵжԿ㾳־֮ȥ±ؽΪ֮𺧣
˿̣Ƕѱ𺳵ôǣ㱡
֮ǰǶſѰαŰģý滺һĵ֮
˭룬ѰսչֳȴٴγǵԤУ͵ʶһ¡
֮ǰʱѰͶȿֲսλ֣ҲվһᱻѰԴݿ̬ѹ


2914 Ѱļս
սС
ǰ
ѰڷƮХ
һ̵رȵʩչ˼ǰһƹǿգֲĲ
ãҾ־ƴʱԾ
̫һۻӶҫ۵Ľ糤Ӱӿ֣Ѱɱȥ
һӣǶëȻǿޱȵϢС
¡
ǿң޹⡣
һ֮£ѰȻȫֿɱøˣĿѪһ˺ѵѪۣĿľ

Ѱһƽɫ֮зϢӣԨͫȼ档
ЩѼٸˣٸܵѹʱΣϢ
ǵûη壬Υս⣬ѪС
䣡
Ѱıһɱƾǿʢˡ
̫Ȼ֡
൱־ļ֣֮磬ǿգĽɽХÿһա
սУѰܿ͸ۣѪȾԵ쳣Ǳ
ȴѪɱǿʢˡ
ھһѪȲпİɱ¾ѪмϴڼȵΣʵ
ֻǣ̫ˣ嶼ѳ϶ĴƵģѪʣĿġ
һνһƬ굲ºѰӰһģվȡ
Ҳڴʱ̫֣Ŀ⿴ѰΪֹ
Ѱ壬ǰ豦һá
̫ͷ
ѰϥһתεĴС
һսһեɺľΣգȷҲĵеõǰĴ
Ϊ̫죬ʱҲһ׮¡
ΪǷȱĥ£׵¸ȡ
ʮıչУΪͻΣ볬ѾڣɱȻޱȾˣں̫սУȴ¶⡣
ղ죬ڷӳУһȫ˷ѡ
սʱ޷Լ־;񳹵ںΪһ
ԭڣΪ÷ɿ죬ȴǷȱĥսʱ򣬸һĴͻᱩ¶š
ҵǣεսҲһµĴ˲ȱ©á
ǿбüž
ϥѰòŴѻһɫ΢
һսǳ׸ܵѰӵеļս
ε鷢ˡ
ǵΨһԿ϶ǣѰʵԳƵϵ֮ġ𡱡
ֻǣȴ޷жϳѰսﵽ˺εȵز
Ϊب仹ӲֹѰ㣬ڳѾھӵսĽɫ
̫֣սΣ
죬Ŀ⿴Զ̫ڳ֮УҲֻиոաʰѰһٵ̫Щ
̫˿̵ľҲ΢΢Щ˼Ƭ̣ڳѾ֮ϣ㾳־ߵͣ
һ
̫仰ζʲôˡ
סʣֻǣղŲǰܵúܲң˶֣Ӯж󣿡
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˶٣Ͼûж츳ܹͨ㾳־ͥʱ츳ܹͨʤĹؼ
ǶĬˣ緭
ǰѰǰ컯֮ʱҪ̫־ӻʮħʱҲͬˡ
ڣѾҪЩͿԶȥ㾳־࣡
֪㾳ıǼܲϵߡڰսУΪ⵽عķɡ
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ѰܹڳѾھӵܹ֮ĵ̣֪սѿֲ˺εȵز
£й¶ȥҲϲκ֪
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ѰӴѳϡ
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ֱ뿪ؾ˵ʮս˵вסţҲΪ̫ıչѪɾͰ׷ˡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
һҲǣھЩֲ㾳ıҲ޷ֱӲϵԪ̵
ֻҪ̫Ԫ̣׽̡ɿܸ׳㾳
صĵز˭Ƕܴǿƣ


Ѱλһãƽ̸
ǿУҲѰ˽⵽˱չʮз顣
ʮս˵ĽʮսЩԼԪΪķȵȡ
֮磬˭Ǻʮս֮ؽһսܽ
Ļ̫ˡ
Ѱü
ǶʱʶѰҪʲôˣ׷׳Ȱ衣
Ѱ¾ƶһسʸ֮ģһʲôأɾͲˡ
ҵȷʮս˰ʵǵѷֲԪ֮⣬ֻҪ֣϶ᱻһʱ
̡׽̻жԵѰĵ͵ѱѺʮս˹һҪأ
ѰЩЩжĻῴЩΪԼŻᷴӦ˼ң
ֱ죬Ѱ˵λǰǾ˭סң
һĬ
㾳ȷûסѰ
οвҴӻš
Ѱ֮һֱ˱˸ʱȥ֣һα֤ʱ٣ûӻűʮմС
Ҳǲ֪Щֻǿһֻûݱ䵽صĵز
ͬģҲϿѰķ
ʮսˡ׽̡һб˸׼
ʱԪȻֵܹסҲøһЩ۲ɡ

ʡ
Ѱ䣬ߴߴ磬ԸһĽɫ޷ЩвӰ죬ҪǵĲ֣ͱȡһЩıԣҵĴ䵱նȥеע⡭
û˵꣬ͱӺϣ̫Σգ
ѰȻѣǱٵҲӰ첻ҵı𣬸οǰþƾЩ˵ĵ̣жٰҵķ
͸֮
ͱ൱ս
ڶԿ㾳־ʱһ𣬲֮Կ
룬壬һӵɱѾԲڵܣ
ٿʮսУжٸѾԲڣ
Уն㾳־ࣿ


2915 
Ѱ˵ݶϣǶһۣԥãŶӦ
ѰʱЦ
ѪҪһ⡣
ʵ˽Щ귢ѰʶһֱԪУЩ̫ƽ¡
ֻҪα֤٣Ԫ̱ؽ޷Ԥֻ
ʱԻ⣬Ԫ̾ҲҪۡ
Ѱ뿴ġ
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ԣŻһ⡣
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ʱ뿪ʡ
ա
Ѱ˼
²˳٣Ѿٵ顣
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¶Ѱսɺ£ǻǲⵣǡ
ҲԿѰΪԼˣ̫ںѰİΣˡ
ͷ·ڸĸУȡöĳɾͣҪǲĵġӡ

죬ѰϢ뿪Ԫ̡
Ԫ⣬Ǻϡ
ѰڱŲǰУÿһ綷תƣ˲Ϣʧǧ֮⡣
һ·ϣӴʶע⵽޵ߵϢƶѰѰȴЩ޵УȻʮս˵ġ۾
ѰûЩСɫ
д㡣
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ѰŲ߽ƬĽշתǧ֮غһĳǳС
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ڣѰһ¥£һ˵ĭɵؽ´ƣһʳ͵ע⡣
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˵⣬˵һЦλİݵİҲǲϣҲѰޡ
˵Ѱڴǧսʱҵǿ߾ͺѰֱѰڵʱҸǳǰңնѰ죬˭룬ȴǹһ񡭡
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˵˸ɿһλϾǺҵϣСĸڴϵЩ飿
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飡
˵ֱӱѹȶǣԴ£ӣСеĵطȸһֻӿˡСһΡ
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ͷ
ʳͶɫ䲻ѣ˵˾Ϳһ粻֮һϣĻڳ㣿
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ǡ
ԱһӵҪ֡
˵ŵɫҰף̱ǡ
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ৣ
Ŀⶼķ򣬼λãһӣ
Ӵ쵹ˣҺҵĵϣвҪһ˵ĳ
񷢺˵˵ɣǺˣ˭ҺҺԣ
ӽоһЦΣҲֱԣ֮İݣ޺֮ء

ɫһ䡣
΢΢Ц㲻ţǱһۿΣ
˵ţһץ
СƵģУһ鴤žͻ˹ȥ
ӵһʱҪӪȣӰδжϢػһƬҽƮ˲䱻ٻĿҶƵġ
һĻԾ
ǷӦʱѾǺƾʧ
ѹּžķΧը׷ˡ
˭ҶԺӵ֣ܶ
˵ղϽİг
ֻͺˣϵӵǨ̾İֻһ꣬ǵȵ̣һ޵߶ܺģ
˵䲻ĻǼһ䵨죬ҲǸ̸֮ε˺ӵܣܻܲ뿪İݿ¶⡣
۲ѡ
Ψ˵̱ڵأ
ܸо鲻򵥡
Ȼڵ죬һϢİݡ
ϵɽϳ˵һڴԷ
ߣ
ϢһЩھ¥мӵʳǣסֽűȻˣ
˵Ѿ뿪ǣ֪ϢʱطЦ֪˭ˣ֪˭ˡС֪ģֻǰһˣΪԵʾȵСϣ˵ȴСϱ
ڴѩǵ·ϣɫׯߵΡ

ϸϢԾ˵ٶڵдţನ
ЩѳʮսµĲ壬Ļ̡̻
ǶԤС
ϵĸ𣬼Ѱֱʣ
ΪֻҪĲ֪̽ϺѰͽ
ѵѰѾ뿪Ԫ̣ߣ
죬ʮս˴Ϣ
弦ɹѡ
û˸Ҵ⡣
ʮǰѰڵһ˵塢Լׯϣõ̿Ѱ
񣬲ϵĸҲѰйأͲһˡ
Ͼ£˭ΪѰԵʣʮսѺԪ̾ѣ
Ĳ壬ɶʮս˳
Ѱı
ǶԵκβԣһԤֻ
ʮս˵ķӦѸ٣ڵõϢĵһʱ䣬ɳǰв̽
ʱƣȴûзκйѰټ
õһڲ嶼ɻѵ̤ƺҵ֣Ѱ
ɲΣ»ֵõ򶯵ѣܳһʱЩΣ

̤ƲϵģȻѰ
ֻڵ죬뿪򣬾ǰ
ΪڵڵУǣҵˡ
ҡ
ȻҲѰһֱδĳ
ɲˣӴǧսʼֱ·ϣЩغ׷ġ
һΣҲʱһ׵ˣ


2916 
ڵ򣬹ʮݡ
ÿһݣԱһĽҪͺ嫡
ֲڵЩ壬ƿһ֮һЩĲ壬ƿϵݣ

ħ񵺡
ѰӰƾճֻ֣ǵִ޶ʱȴѱƻ
ѵѾҵ
һС
޶ڣһƬ磬̮ݵĻ
ԭ¹ݷ֮أڴ˿޶ţҾǨ
ڣȴˣ
Ѱ䣬ʶɢ
Ѱɿ޶䱻ٵﲢѪҲûмսµĺۼȻҲûʬ
Ѱ˲Ϣжϳҵʱ̾ڴ˵˺¹ǰһ룡
ĸ¹ӦѾǰˡ
Ѱ¹˵ΣշǱһ͹뿪ǰħ֮һġߡ
һأֻҪУȻǳѾڣҲѽ롣

ʱ
ѰִＫ߸
ĺɫ֮ϣͷ׵Ĺ飬ƬȫС
Щǡ⡱Ÿв
֮µ޵ߣһðȻУ޻
پȴڣҲС
һȻѲѰӰ˸˲ϢͻһƹС
һ·ϣ裬쵣еĻΣеߣеսìÿһּ⣬ԳһֹĪΣϢвͬ
ѰȴУЩΣޱȵļⷴһֺϡϣ
һ·ϣѰ˳ȡ˲ټġ⡱еĳ⾪˵ĸʴϢе֮񽣶еĳɲķٻϢ
Ȼ·;ѰҲ˲գüòȫ֣ŽͻأϮΣջ⡣
ˣ֪ѾˣעҲܵ鷳Σա
ɶһʱ
ͻȻһƬҝѰʶС
ƬܣĴ⣬һ㿰ޱȵϡ
ѰƬ̣Ҳ⾪̾¹ηһģ
ȷĸҵ˶С
˼Ƭ̣ѰһƬ߽

糱ˮѹȶδѰͱӰܵĲ෨򻯽⡣
޷˿
ӵеܣάϵһתҲκβѰ
ܿ죬һãԭʼسѰҰС
һһϢڱŲС
أһƬ۴αȵĽȺ޽ƽ̹ԭҰϣһдʶ
ѣһ䣬ϵּ䣬а¹ţߣ滨ݵ׺羰续
ս
ս
ս
һֱĴһ䳡УǰһӢɢǿ
䳡һ࣬һΰӰ뷢ꪣݿʸ㣬Ȼ㣡
ȻڽЩСС
ѰԶƬ̣ͼǰУʼգûκ˲Ĵڡ
һͥԺʱѰͥԺеһϴ£峤ںһЩƽ̸˵ҲһЩµС£ɫ⣬ʱһˬʵЦ
ѰЦЦȻⲽȥ
·ϣϤףеڴееڶģҲеں˯
ÿɫ䣬͸ɡƽͳʵ
ܿ죬Ѱ㡣
Զ֮ϣһŮһػǰڷѣİϾרעס
紵Ʈҷ
ŮԣһӼڿ㣬żóƺ«һڣȻ۾ذһ͡
æˣҿ㣬ۼˣȳԲܿտĿ㣬ݵŮӴߣЦ˵
ŮͷҲ̧ҽ·ꡣ
רעĿ㡣
ε૑Ѱͣȱ·ôοЩɶϰ£ʹꡣ
Ůӵ㲻
һתԣҿɾͽ⿾㶪ˡ
˵ţ
Ůһסûط˸ۣˣɣ˿Ц㲻ɡ
˵ţһڿ㣬Ưʱóԣû뵽ľԽԽˡ
ֺǺǵϲԣҾ͸һӡ
˵ģڡŮüۼ価⡣
ӹЦľ˵ʱڹ
ԶԶؿһĻĻѰǲԾЦ⣬ĸоǰδеĳʵƽ
Ȼתȥ
һУ¹з֮ҲûвһĿĬĬעá

˫ԺЩͰɡ
Ѱվ⣬ڡ
ߣһϮµ˫ɵţһ崿ŮԣˮĴ۾ˮˣ˫᲻
ѰЦָһ˫ţ֮飬Ŀܻװˡ
˫˫᲻ˡ
ѰģȽЩУҾͻ뿪
˫۾ȸԾģ
Ȼ
Ѱͷ
˫ѻָľų֮ЩľƷǿѰɣ˫ָ۷״̬ʱǶܺװ
ڴ˽зѰҲ̤ʵ
ţҵһ־࣬Σʱͽｻ¹¹
Ѱóһ׼õݸ˫
ˣ˫ʧġ˫࣬ɫᶨ
ѰСԴûٶ˵ʲôתȥ
ѾЩѼ棬ȻûϣҲûн̸Ѿ㡣
ĿӰ뿪˫ӰһҲǻһƬεʧƬ硱


ˮݡ
ܶǰˮݾڽ򣬷ֲ塣
ֱҡҦҡҡ
ɽ
ˮݾһһһ츣ء
ԭҵ֮̾أԴӵҾǨ뿪ɽͱҦռݡ
Ҧҵһ֧̾ɽ
֧ļҦ磬ͬʱҲҦһϣӵо۵澳С
վԶҲԶԶ޷͵ڰȡ
ڵҦҲֻˮڳۣԶ޷ļҡҡؼЩȡ
ҦӵеҲͱȵʵ˥䵽͹ʱڵǿһЩ
Ҧԭλ̤ϲ;̫ϳϡ
ںܶǰҦҡҸԳλϰλһ𣬶ҷʱλѾ䡣
Ҧֻʣλˡ
Ҳͬˡ
һսѰ¹һϣԪˣûָܻ
ڽ죬ѰӰɽǰ


2917 
ɽ
һۻɽѰзһ˿׷䡣
֧ȨͶɽеġ塱ϡ
Ǿ۵档
ʱǳѾΪ
ȡ
ɽ£һɵؽҲؽ
ֻѰУЩֶѲֵһӡ
ĬƬ̣Ѱǰ
˵ڵǰĳд඼
ˮݣҦҡңڵطġᡢףصһڲ塣
ЩѰɱ׷ɱôά裬ŻΪģȳޣѰĿܻȴ
߲亦
ѰıҲǴһĻ

Ҧڱչش
أĪһ͵ӡ
Ϳ֪ʱһεӰǰ
˭ΪδҦصأ
Ҧɫ΢䣬ǿסĵ𶯣Լ
ɲҦҵĵ̡
ѰڵڣһĻᣬҦ峤Ҧȡ
ҦüǺ⣿
˵ʱϥӰ͵رһѸ͵㣬Ѱɱ
飡
Ҧֻײڼ᲻ɴݵǽϣ˶ȥݺݵڵϣԴ£ǰֱðǡ
Ѱԭأʼ˿Įˣȴúϧ
飡
£ҦǾըҽƮһա
һ۵ѣѰУһܽĨ
ת뿪Ҧķ䡣
ʱɽڣһƬҵľ
ˣеɱ֧ЩΪԱϳ
˿ֲ뿪
峤ȣ
̾ɽҦ֧ˣһֻʧ룬ɥ֮ȮӴܣŭҲǴ˷
ѰûЩңڱͥŲƵɽ⡣
ûдɱ䡣
֮ǰֻǽһЩ۾֮ϵĽɫΪϳѣʼҲֻɱҦһˡ
ЩССϺᡣ
ɱ޹ãϾɱҲ̫̣ʶն׶񣬽εɡ
ѰҲԲԣǸ̰ٱ
ϰ˸߸ϵ̬һԨǵȴҪɱǶܡ
ûƣ䷲еǣᱻϣ侮ʯ֮ûһ֮ſѪҧһڵҲԲ
пĥ

Ҧ峤ҦһҦҴڸϵʱͿ
ɽɽǰһҡΡ
ҡһˣžƺ«ߵα̬Եá
峤Ǵ˲к֧
һŭ۾Ѫ
Ҧ⺮䣬ңңȥʵЩɲ
һˣֳ˴󶯾ȴ̬ͣڴˣɺܷ
ʸմΪҪк֧ˣ
Ҧڣ羪ףؼ䡣
ɱ
һҸ߲ɱڡ
Ҧǰһڶлλ˶Ĳڣӵ񾳵У
Դѹκ޵ߣ¶޷
ɶҡеѰԣֳ벻ķۡ
ͼĲƵ˵𣿡
ҦɫһǺ⣿
ѰһҪ룬أ
װŪ
أһīվӿ񾳵ĿֲϢ˭Ҧң
˵ţһƳѰȥ
䣡
һ޴Ļӡۣնǿֲ˷ƱɽӽԲ
ҡУѰû
ǰȴһɫ«еһתӳһƵɫ񽣣ڤԶ
ۣ
ƱһնΪɢꡣ
īɫ䣬߶һڵӡֵı֮á
ɰһıһڵӡ飬Ӳɫˡ
ۣ
īǱѪŽԪӴܳͼâһԪҲնɱ
һϵжһǳɣò˼顣
ҦһҦҴǷӦʱλϹŶѱɱ
⡭
Ҧ˽𺧣ͷƤ飬ѪȵһĻ̼ðĸǿ񾳴ڣһնɱ
ֲ̫
ߣ
ҦһλѲ̾Ҫ뿪
ȴҡеѰ˹ȥԪɽѸǸҦܵĵؽװƷҲѱߣǡѾ޼ҿɹˡ
Ȼȴ쳹ء
ͬʱһοֲѹȻɢƬأЩҪߵҦһڴǣԻһһ̾е䣬ݺϡ
ȻǿҲˣ
һĻȫɵۣǣľȫ޷Ŀ־û
㡭˭
ҦɫɷףС
ڴʱѰҡǵô
һɲ񾳴ʶʲôͫţ˻Ѱ
Ѱ
־ħ㣬ҦǻȻֲ֮࣬ӿ˵𺧺;
ԭ
ѰɫȻλģԩͷծĳɲɱԵ򣬳ǣҦ˻һģֻǱɲұ֤ûҦҵɽЩ޼ҿɹĿˣԺĥѡ
Ҧ˻𣺡ҦҾǸֵҲӲʮս˱ػὫǧУ
ѰЦЦηصҪڴ˹ʮս˵ǰֻϧλǿʱľˡ
˵ţһӡ
䣡
ݣֲĴɢҦһҦҴǣ类յĲݽƵģ˲ϢͻһƬɻɢһա
ԶĿһеһЩҦС㣬̱ڵء
Ѱƺ«һھƣȴƬ̡
ৣ
ľӼԶŲƶ
Ѱʱ˽⵽Ԫɽѱ̤Ҧҵϳ׶˵̾ϳ־ҦҴԱľϵΪ
ľ壬ѰңңԶ
⣬ֻǸտʼ
ˮݾڣҦ֮⣬ҡ
ţ
͵Ѱ׼뿪ʱüĿ⿴ɽԶһƬҰϡ
ʶУһƬҰУһӰڳ߿񱼶
ѰȺԭû
ѽ˵ģһһӣͷɢڣò㲣ȽֱߵĽлӶ硣
ԸӦɽߵսƵĳ߱
һһ߷˺ѷΰĴУѰѰ𣿡
Ѱͫϳӵݣ¶֮ɫ
һӣ
ֱһŲƣƾճǷƵǰ
ÿҪ
۾죬һѳѰȥ
ȴδƶŭ̧ͷֻǵѰģʱʱ׻Ƶģ۾ɵùԲ
Ѱ㰡
зɳǻƵۿ졣
һƨڵϣٽסشҲ֪ǼǱѹ


2918 Ʈҡ
Ѱźޣޱȵӣüͷ
֣ʲôˣ
ʵ
裡
ϵĹйӣһԶȻĲĵĳӡ
裬ΣΪɽߵﶼӵء
ڵȴݿ£ͷҷֱˣ֮ǰѰϳ
ǾĲؾŻһλĥģ
ãֹס˫ֽ߬סѰǣٵ֣ȾңȾң
˫ޱͷ·߬סΨһϣָһɾͶʧƵġ
侲һЩ˵
ѰֱĵеĽơ̿֡ŵһɨա
Ҳǽƽ
֣Цˡɬ
ѰʲôЦЦ˵˵ɣô¡
ŬԼ侲Ž渵
ʮǰʮս˶ץѰй֮ˣ䶯硣
ʱĵҲΪ˺䶯ѡ
ȴû뵽Ҳ֪˭й¶ѰнϢұˡ
һ꣬಻ѶᵽѪȵ㣬˷ˡ
еƿص͵̡
еĵۻµĲƸԴ
еĸ֣ҵ
˵Ҿһͷ򣬱Ƕϣ֮
ĸףһ峤սһʱͽߣٷء
ڵ죬սͶϾĸӹϵԺ޹ϸ
ôΪ˱ȫҡ
һУδЩǵĲͷͱˣҪ£ʮսá
£Ҳòʹãӵе̡Դȣ½óͼǮ֡
ֻǣעֹʣҲע㲻Щθڡ
ǽһʱУЩǧټƵصңþֶȥռҽʣµЩƸ
ۼӵеһоҪЩϷ֣һϢԪ̶ǺѰΪߣԪ̵С
Ϣһ½Ծ
ЩΪв͵Ĳ壬ҲĴǣٲǰǰ
ԭΪһѾͽ
˭룬ʱƣЩȴòˣϲҵ鷳ڰȴ֣ЩУֲڵеˣϢץߣ
ڣ˸߳Ű벽Ļ̻̣ʲôʱһ֮־ͻ١
˽ЩѰǻҲӿһ֮ÿ¡
£վ
Լ䱳ң޹ǣۣ֣֮ܵ
֪ЩץߵˣѰʡ
ҡͷЩһֱɽͷ¶棬ܴ̽ϢҲޡ
Ѱ㲲ĲҵգҲһᣬĻ᲻ϵҰΣڲŻǣ
㡭һֱڴ˵ңѰ
ͷɳƣɽҵĵ̣ȴҦҰռţ϶ҽɽЩҾһֱ㡣
˵¶֮ɫԭԼĶԹƾҡƾһ˵ûа취ȥıһУܹ뵽ĽҵУҲֻܹԡ
û˵꣬ѰȻȫˡ
һվͬʱҲӵϷɫ£Ҷұظһ
Ȼ͸ɱ֮
ξصԺǷϡ
֣лˣ
輤
Щ֣֮̿£˶зļ󣬶ϣ
Ѱ򣬡֣·ȥң
ݺݵͷ
죬Ѱʹ뿪ˮݡ
뿪ǰѰѾʹˮ壬ǰˮݵһҡ
ԺˮһҲѴ֮

ݡ
ʱݵ֮Ψһף鲼ݾС
ҲһָĶⲻ壬ԺġᡢءףȲ岢
ֻԴʮǰʼҵһǧɣֹµ͵̼ȫ̲µĲƸѱϷ߰˰ˡ
˭ȥҪɢ
ɽ
֮̾ء
һ죬ҵС
սɫѿ뷢ŭš
ǣɫҲ֮
һǺúÿǿǣЩ֮Ҫ˵Ҫ
룬ӰΪ׵һߣưǴŵ⡣
ļңΪ׵Ӻ飬ǰҪ̸һʡ
һλȻһԴŻʮλ۾ˣļҿ湻ݵģ
˵գһҴһ
ҶԣһԴʲô㶼ó
ЩҲϱЩ̲ƸΪ˱Σճ֣òصĴۣƲ֡
ǵļҵ׶Ҫ͹⣬һԴǶԣѿˣ
ȴӺЦԴҲñģҲԽɽóܹа취ġ
óɽ룡
ս۾죬ŭ֪ļҰģû뵽ļҵ֮أֱɥĲ񣡣
Ӻ鵭ȻսŭǽģӦѾ;ĩ·췦ĵ򣬿ɲֹļҶҵɽĸռݴ˵أ
˶٣ˣøļң˵׼ļһϣָһ·
ѹˡ
սһΪ飬Ϊȫ壬ҲϲὫɽã
ӺЦ֪ôˣƱǡ
˵ţתҪ뿪
һҴסΣļҲŻὫʮλ˹黹
ӺɫĮ£û̸ˣ˵һԴʮڰڣҲû
һ˵ţ̧
սһǻÿը޲óȥһеؽӺ¡
գǻǿûô
Ʋˣ
ܻʹڷƮҡеҴ֣֮
սǶɣӺ£ò˼죬ļҵĴͻɱʱܲû
һƷչǵȵزҿɾˣ
ͬǸ̬һֱȥֻԽԽȣҲԽԽա
ѹ˲ֻȥһЩʱһЩʱ䡣
ܱ
Ҳ˾
ңȷѵ;ĩ·ĵزûбİ취
飡飡飡
͵أӰߵķƵĴӴɽݺݹڵϡ
սһڴһ̧ۿȥǹĺȻǸո뿪Ӻˣ
⡭
սɫ䣬Щ޴롣
Ҳڴʱ⣬Ӱ
һӰδ߽Ѽеףˣ


2919 ޻˵Ҳ
ս͵صɴ۾ʧ裬ػˣ
Ҳס
ͨ
ڴˣӯףλ岮оˣоˣ
˵Ψ˲йĻܶĽƺǣңԼΡ
Ϊ±
ӲԹѰֻԼ̫żѣȴΪ
ʲôþˣǡ
սЩͿˡ
ЩҴǽĿ⿴Ѱ
ѵľȱ
ֻǿδҲ̫ˡ
裡¶ˣ
أڵصӺ˻УҲ˵ѺʹӶϾϵأˣ֪ұر壡
ҡҡλ֮ɫ
սɫ䣬˴˶ӣгء
ֻ֣ܵ黹תأһ֣ͽǵİѱ
ڣЩǻһʱɱ
϶˴ʱ㻹вɱ㣡
ŭĿԲҪ֣ͱսһס裬÷
贳
ӺЦСûƾѪͷСҪѵҶ᣿
һ仰Щɫˡ
ס轹Ҫ͡
սѴϵĲ
ɴ۾
ӺߣҲˣǽó㹻ĳ⣬Ҿ͵Ѱɣ
սĶȵףĻ᲻Ӻеġ⡱ʲô
Ǵˡɽ⣡
Ⲣûꡣ
Ӻ˵ţĿѾԹؿѰдˣ뽫ƤʬΣ
֮ǰλļǿ뿪ʱǱѰ赲һƳ÷ɻ
ǶԾܴ衣
սһ裬λǣ
迪ڣѰ΢΢֣Ѱλǰ¹Ҷ𣬾ɡ
ƽȻóƺһǰ
Ѱ
սС
Ҳһ¶֮ɫ
ӺλļǿҲסͷ·ſֲޱߵž
ѻȸ
⡭սΪһ峤侲ɴ˿Ҳµĸо
ʱ˵Ļᣬ˵ףλ岮λҵĺѰ紫ˣԪԪո󸱸
һ仰羪ףսһҴ񼤵һֳһ޴ı顣
Ļ᲻Ѱζʲô
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2920 Ҷ
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2922 
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2923 Լս
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ܹ֮ԿģҲֻĴͥǵȳȻ
ѰԪеһλȻ̤㳬ѾĴڣȻӵսɡһʲôʮս˶Կ
֣ϡ
֪ϢеʮλѴԲϹŶҲһ⡣
ΪΣӵִƺרҪźսһ
һУһλӰ۰׷ϹŶüˣб㹻İգŸ
ӹ͢
ͷеһλϹŶ
ԣ˽Եͷѡ
Ǻ͵޵߲һѰһˣǺεȵǿͿɲ
̶ʮ꣬ʮħһٴ񾳳֤Ѿ򶼱ᵽ֡
һӵвǱܵĽɫκγѾڶɵѣ
һɣһˡ
һλģ㣬ɫһɫеӳ
գ
ͷϵһλϹŶ
㻳Ԫ̲һ֣
üʡ
ӦˣѰӵĵУƾһˣĿܸǿƵԼս

ǰЩԪ̺޲ýѰһΪԪϧʮͷ˺ѰȴͻȻ򣬲Һɻй¶ټ˵ûа֣ǲŽЦ
۰׷ӹ͢Ц
ֻѰһˣҲ練ƣλ˵Ĳа֣ѽв֣ǾͲòˡ
һλ𣬼ѩ׷ӯϸϸ˵
ͥ
ͷҵһλϹŶ
³ҲʶѰεԼսܲԾ
ãϣѰбҵȺγˣףҪֵ¼¡ȻҪԼս˵ɽҵԵԼȥʶʶСӺ«ʲôҩ
˽Եͷ
ͬƣΪѾԲڣһЩı
οǵֲԪ֮ͥأûӻȻѰа֣ǶԣҲв
ǽվͶǰǰɽ
г𣬳ȥ
λϹŶ
ֻǣǶѰ֪ͣʮǰ
ǲ֪ʮħ򷵻Ԫ̵·ϣѰԳѾڵĵУ¾һڳѾԲڡ
Ҳ֪Ԫ̷졢ơ¡ȸڣǱѰһɱ
ȻҲ֪ʮѰΪͻѾڣλ֣޷в
̫־࣬κβѰ
ԣǸѰһжûв֣ûıҲûа֣

ɽΪĿĽ㣬ӿ
̶̲һʱǿ߻۶
ѰԼսʮս˵ڴˣǣ¸
Ҳעǵʷ䶯һԼսʱȼսͲݹ
ڣԼսڻû٣ɽУѾ޵ߣ飬Ϊս
веˣҲµķ
ֻǣڵежжߣʵжǿѰʮսǰע֮飬޷ԣ
ΪⱻٵĴսЩǰս޵ߣվԶԶġ
ʱڵȴһһš
Լսĵٵ峿ʱɽǰȻһ󲨶һһΰҫ۵Ӱƾո֡
ɢƣ;ǬɽӽԲ
ֲڸе޵ǣһ˫ϥ𣬽Զɫ䣬Ƶӿ־;η֮ɫ
ʶٴγԶܿһξ룡
󣬵Ŀ⿴ԶʮΰӰʱֱ񿴵ʮִգУԾţ
ʮλ̤㲻;Ѿľͷǵֲ̫ˣ
ظоҪɱңֻҪһͷһҶٲ֮ء
ǵѺoûԶұ󣬴Ҳ޷ǵȾ硣
֪Ĳɫ𺳡
оˣǵһμѾԲڣֱͺĿô˵еûʲô
ʮλٶĴȻеˡ
ǶۣԶЩĹս߼ֱͬϣֱӾͱˡ
ǳֺĿңңɽɫĮתڸ䡣
ѰҵѸԼΪȴһ
еȻڣһ仰쾪ף¡¡֮ը죬ңƲ𣬿ֲɢضΪ֮ɫ䡣
Զ޵УǰֱðǣпѪеֱӱ̱ڵأѹòʡ
ⲢΪ֮е̫ʢԳ棬¸żңԶľ룬²Щսߣܵ
ߣߣȲεܹȥĦ
뿪
Զ޵ɫ䣬һʱѡ뿪ǱҪսڲŷ֣ԼǺεȿЦ֪
oĴӵеǿȥĦģ
һ룬һ仰ѣǵɢƾ˿Ѫ̱һսǵսನָǺεȿֲ
ڣԶսУа˳϶ѡ뿪
ڹսסҪģ
ֻһЩ̤㲻;˺һЩӵо۵澳еǿû뿪
ˣЩʱ뿪׼
ĳڴ˹ʱ
һȻɽϿգƾ߳һεӰ
ڱһϮ°ɫڷƮҷϹһƤ«Ȼɣ֮ɡ
Ѱ


2924 ӲȺ
Ѱ֣е˵Ŀⶼϡ
նʱѹɱ
ԶĹսǣһϣаѰĸҹһ˳֣ĵ
ֻһˣ
۰׷ӹ͢ڣâ䣬Ҫɽȫ͸
ԸȣĳһѴ´ࡣ
ѰȻڣһۿЩϹŶбǣԼΪθҹա
ǣôĿָٵ־Ԫ̸߲֮У֤ѲΣΪӵνĲǱܣͿҵЩϼһˣ
𣬼ӯͥЦڡ
Ѱóƺ«һڣλǸòĳİɣ
ɺ⣬ȻʮλѾԲεϹŶҲ벻һ˿ηӡ
ԽԽеǡ
ҵȶѾˣȻη㣬ѵ˴ʱ촰˵Σ
г
Ѱƺ«ҿ治֪ʱ˿̻ʲô˵ġ
⿴⣬ʵǿƵ̬ȣе˽üѡ
ڼԶطЩս߶ѸеǶѰѺʮս˵ţ
Ĳ±ǧУ
ȷҪһ֮ǶԾڴˣ
ɫУɫ͵͸ɱ

Ѱͷ
ʵ벻͸ΪԪ̻ĿѰܷ󣿡
ӹ͢ü
ѰʱЦλ̽˵سĳһˣû֣οֻǶԸǶѣĳмȥ˰æ
˶٣һɨеˣڣλˣ
һǿƥɽ֮ƣŶЩʮսϹŶεĲм
е˵ɫ١
еƽ࣬ѸӦƬɽӣȷûз
ƶϣѰȻɱﵣҲǺ㾳־йء
ҲӦԵֶΡ
ʹλǾѰһǬ
ϡ
ϣ
ӿֳһīزãĹŽ糱ʮء
¡
ݣһɽֽȻݣɽӣܲסһڹŽϢ
ǵһĻԶս߶
ˡ
ӹ͢աͥ˽Ե˵ͷǵصɱ⡣
һ˲ǿֲĴϢֱҪǬƬ֮½һֱĶС
Զս߽վסȻʧɫ׷׳Զ˱ܡ
ˣ֮ǰķϻֱᡣ
Ѱ̾
ȥ
ͣ
ն
ͬһʱ䣬Сͥӹ͢λϹŶһֱ֣һڹŽһߡһ
Žӿգѹγѹȶ£ķɢʱӳֳز˼
񷣡
һ⣬һĨѩ׵ϸߣԲ˼ٶƾһѰǰ
ߣ
һʾŹ״ͨأûزͬɫ⣬ڿն翪˾ţӿֳ׵ػǵȵȿֲ
žħ
ֳֹһλѾԲڵƣ˵ǿߣͬ¶ñâ
ֲ̫
ɣǲδ⣬ĳֱʣû֡
ɽۣ֮Ѱɫȹֻɳơ

һƣͼײԱŽɢ˲֪µĵӲɳȥ
ͫһ
䣡
ڶƣһ񷣬һŽ۵Ľ⣬߽ɢŽҲѡ
üͷ塣
ѵ
ƣžħ类纣𣬱ñҡΡ
ͥһ
ƣ˲ϢȴӲУλϹŶһһɡ
һĻûδֵЩϹŶ¶ɫ
Ѿڣ
ԭ̶ʮѴӳѾͻˡ
ֲø޿֡
ЩϹŶƺ׹ˣиӿһ˵ļζ
ʮħʮУѰһڵĽɫһ֤Ѿ
ʮΪͻƵѾڣ
ƾٶ֮죬ֱδУЩϹܲʣ
֪ʱٵҲ£Ķʮ꣬ҲڳѾԲΡ
ѰĽٶһȣֱȫ
ǳԾǣѰֻǽٶȿ죬֮ǰԳѾڵУӲλϹŶĹսҲԶѰĿɲ
ҲˣףΪѰǽаˡ
λһΪãֻܵø졣
ԶѰ˵ʱһֱӰضˣһȻ仯
䣡
巢⣬ӳֳ񻷣ֲĴĴԨ֮״Ҫû
ˣ
Ԩӿ֣һɱ
һϣսپ
â䣬ݹŽ˳ȥ
ʮλѾԲڳָǺεȿֲ
һ˲Ƭس׿ң磬һһ츣صɽȻܲסǵȿֲܡ
ԶĹս߸ǰʹ𣬱˵սսзһжˡ
һʱ䣬ֻ¡¡Ĵ֮Ƭ쳹
սУΧѰ˷Ƕֵ֣Юҫ۳ʢͷųӿϵ£ֲɱû
޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
κˣ¶Ѿ
Ѱȴδѹƣ˵սʼһ̿ʼûܣѡӲһĵ
ԪʱλһΧκβ
ڼ㻻ʮս˵ʮλϹŶҲˣ޷϶ѡ
Ķ٣ֻƾе²𵽹ؼá
ܿϧעƾеһսҲעĶ٣Ҳ޹ؽҪ
䡣

һŽҲӰһҡΣѪڣѹòѪɫͱˡ
ܣ
ͬʱѰ߶ɱĹҲһһ⣬Ե֮
ϹŶɫҲˡ
ǶѶȫδȴûѹסѰǺѰʱǱϢеѹбѹƵļ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һݣƵһȼյĴգУʩչյֶΣǵɱһλͬ֮۷ܡ
ɾΧ֮£ȴκβѰ
ʱƣһɫѴءࡢ֮ɫ
ѰһˣֻгѾڵУսʱȴһ޷᲻ɴݵĸо
̫˼飬ȫеԤ
ԭΪѰڴԮʶŸ޿ֵս
ǲ̵ʶǲ´ˡ
ƾѰյЩϹŶ޷ĸоεȿ£


2925 Ѱɱ
ѰսʮλϹŶɫ䣬ʶ
Լͬأ뵽һ£֮
ѰչֳͲ;ϵûʲô
䣡
͵أսƷ仯ѰһٴΧ֣֮߶һλϹŶش
ϹŶϵһλѾԲڣףִһԾ޸ͣǿ
ɴ˿ȴҵ嶼ѣڱѪ˺ݺݵɳȥ
ͻȻһĻϹŶжһ󷢺
ʮ֣ȴѰŤתƣȥ˭ţ

ױˣѰ죬ȭ֮䣬ͥļҷɣ߽һпѪ
ͬһʱ䣬ϹŶΧԱѰͷųĲ෨һһĥͻ⡣
λٽʩչΪã򣬴ûлٶá
սУѰȻ
ߣ
е˶һۣ񷢺ݣƴѰд
ֻǣһжעͽ͡
ǵǿʢҲ޷˵Ѱ˿սУõв˸ˣеıÿѪеı˵еıȭҶϱ۰еġ
һ㡣
Ѱ磬УÿһѹȵЩϹŶòȫȥ⡣
еĿѣ޷һС
Ѱӵеս֮ʢȫ߸֮ǰһжϺԤǴԴҲû뵽Ѱǿᡣ
ٲȻ޵У
ۼѰƲɵгѹǵ̬ƣڣзһȣ

ʱһӲӵľп
䣡
˲Ϣһ־ӿ֣һλΰˣ뷢ѩףüһöηţһϮƮҷ紫˵еϽ
һ˲عţֲޱߵ㾳ϢɽХʧɫʧʮ֮ڣƶ£
ǵֲ̫
ǰ֣´ⲣ
йּ
ϹŶ¶ܼ֮ɫ
־һλھĴһλš񡱷ŵ㾳ڡ
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һѾڵˣȴ޲ߣ϶ȵСͽܣ죿
Խ־̾üĽηתӿѹǵأЩϹŶеļ¡
Ȼ
Ƕսˣֹ޲ߣۣ
ٿѰ²Ⱦ˶ԱȣС
ˣҹڴˣоֶΣڣһʩչֶεĻᡣ
ԽĿ⿴ѰȻԺ󣬼϶֪ǱСͽܣҲϲڮٱԴС
һе˶ɽֹ֮С
ֶΣ
ѰЦϼһΪ־࣬Ϳ޷죬ΪΪ
Խü䵭ƲԳԷơ
̽һֻ֡
䣡
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ĲЩϹŶɶܹ㾳־֡
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䣡
ɭϽ󣬾ǱԨƣĹк
⡭
Ƕͫţš
㾳־ɱκγѾڣ֪顣
ڣŹϵɣȴѰƣ
ԽԾâӿͷһ;δеһ֮·
˵ʱ۷ɣüĵĽηٿӳлһ״أҫ۵񽣡
һ˲еһϹŶб˺ѰľʹУ⽣̫ʢǶëȻܵϢв
ȥ
Խһӡ
ҫ۵񽣺ݺնֱһ⣬޷â޷
ҲͬʱѰӰûХ䱾һ𣬳Խɱȥ
䣡
춯صĺ쳹ͼԽһѰӲֵסıѳʺ£֮ƣԲԽΧ
䱾𣬻ڴ˿չֳǰļսȻһΧԽ־ѹס޷ͻΧ
Խµ
㾳ڣ³־ָ࣬䶼ɱѾΪѰĲ;ԶѰʵҲûϡ
˭룬˲ϢѣѰõͽûͻΧͺòԽܽܵˣ

뷢۹ĵֲĽ⼤䣬ƥӯĪϢǿƥ
ֻǣЩȻκγѾڣȴѰ
¡
ŹѰǿʢЩһһ촷ۻ⣬ԽüҪͻΧԱѰֺݺѹס
еƤ⣬϶񱻼̤裬׷ŭˡ
֮ǰ߸ϵףԴ֮ѰΪСнѵ
룬ѰС죬ѹȵ־඼޷ͻΧΧ£ޣ
¡
ŭĲԽǿɲģսǵûͻΧѰͷһûҲһ־ڷš
ԶǶɴ۾׻
ǿ㾳־࣡
ȴһѾڵ˴ö̧ͷھ򣬲Խλ¶ΪЦ
Ƕԣܵǵĺ⡣
ʱ˿̣ǽһʶЯеƣƾʮ˵ļҪ
Ѱս̫죬ȫ޷ó
գ콫־зȡ
ǰλ־࣬һλǵھϵĴԽӵС
һλǵھϵĴžŸޡӵС
䣡
ûе飬վͽһöɫըһΰӰƾճ֡
ڹŷò񳣬㾳žŸ޵־ࡣ
ѰԽ־ѹƣžŸ޶һ£¶֮ɫ
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䣡
һ˲ϢսУȭѰȥ
һӨ貵ɫȭͷһǰϢ򵥶ֱӣҲǿᵽһַ˼ĵز
Ȼڴʱ
һصĴЦѰд
ϼһ͵֣һأ
˵ţѰ͵ʩչ츳ͨ
֮š
䣡
·ٵذ㣬ƬأԱһ޴ʱѺûѺһǧɷΧŻͨԨ򿪣ų֣ؼ̵ֱƵġ
ֻǰһƵĴֲ
ã

ԽžŸ޵־ȻȻʧɫڲĵһʱ䣬ǾҪܡ
ѰĿԸһ𣬶㾳־ͽȫΧ

ԽžŸ޷ŭ֮Ĵ۾죬ΪѰӰΧõǸûܵĿܣֻŷ֮Ž١
ǺѰӰȫû


2926 ɱ½
սʼ֮ѰԤϵ˴˴ǰЯɱﵡ
ɱﵶȻ㾳־йء
ʶںеսʱںͲԽ־ɱʱѰһֱڵȴ
ȴһԷƳĨɱĻᣡ
ԣžŸ޳֣Ѱԥ˷֮ͨ
Ȼ˶Էһֲһٽλ㾳־û
֮ųʱеʮλϹŶҲܵ
ǵһʱ˱ܣȫֿǵȿֲϯק֮
ֵҵǣѰ㾳־սʱԶԶܿʶоյرܿһ١
ֻǣԽžŸλ㾳־ͬѰڣԱǿֲʱŻûʱе˽Ծһ亹Ȼʧɫ
⡭
֮ţԨһֽͨǰЩƾͨ˲Ķ֡
ζţλǰ־඼
еȻߴ棬ɱһĻͷƤ顣
̫ˣ
ǲԽ־౻ѰһѹŴⱾԽܡ
žŸ޵־֣δ¶һŽͨĴԵֲ̫
ৣ
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˵ԺҲٳˡ
һĻĶе˽Իʶ˲
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ҲҪѡӶݵеС
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е˼ʶ㣬˲ʶѰֶΣһɫ䡣
䣡
Ǵ߶ȫͼƿ
һжͽ͡
ѰӰѳʱսӡڣչɱ¾
ԨնȥһϹŶɱ

ϹŶϣҲһϵĽɫһ̶һŽطɫǣǰֳһɺѪɫܡ
ֻǣطѰĽǰƴĵǰ㣬һı⡣
飡
Ѫɫܱ飬ɫը

洫һĺȻȻֹȹɢȥƬңλϵϹŶͱɱ˴꣬ûɢ
ȫһƬš
һλѾԲڣѰɱ
˸ţȴֲòţ
Ŀѣ˻ȣ죬һֶԸ
䣡
һϹŶƴѰɱ
֮ǰѲԹƾǵ޷ƿʱƣ£ΨкѰƴƴһ
ɱ
Ϣǣŭء
ҧгݣһһ䣬ΪۣþȱԻ̣֮
ɢ
ÿһ³ȻշѪɫӡǣӡִƵһغɫϡ
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꣡
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۵
Դ˽ѰͫϲޱԨ
̧֣Ө͸ƣҫŻɬصĲ෨ƳȭȻһȭȻ
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һ̵Ѱȸղźսʱǿ˲֪٣ٲȻֳ޵кƵ
֤֮ǰ±ʮλϹŶΧʱѰҲڴʱŽǰ֮սͷŶ
飡
еĹâѸ˥˰ڼ𡣽ţȵȭڱȻըҷ
һȭǿУɱ
ǰ²⣬Ѱֱ˿̲ŽһгʩչΪʱѾĽ׶Σٱ
ϹŶһƬ䣬׹ߡ
ϵϹŶˣҲˣһĻĻǳ׸е˿־塣
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ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
۾Ѫ׷ƵģɲȫǲҪļơ
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Ҫ֪սЩϹŶɶҪѷɫһЩ
ʱѰûκα
ѣ½λϹŶɱһԨҵ屬飬һ룬һѰӡɱ
ƵǴݿ࣡
ţ
ܿ죬ϵϹŶһѾŴ糤ĺɫذף߲ʻ⣬ȰѰ
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̣֮
һּԵκǿߣһУܵϮ࣬ɵ
ھϹŶ𺳵ĿС
Ѱ֣ȻֱסǴɱĺɫذףƾһƶϣȴ˿ûκѰѰϣûһ˺ۡ
壬ٴаҲ˲ҡ
Ѱ˵һ䣬ȻָĲ෨Ȼͷš
һɫذ׼̺Ӳץ
ѰְϵϹŶʱȴԼ壬·˶㣬޷
ֻѰһӡԼϡ
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УϹŶһסĿľżƵģѰһк󣬴ͷըѿ˶ĳƬʧ
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ʱӡڣͥšѩ׵Ĳ齿ĵ屬飬ӹ͢һƴԴԪ촷ۣһһϹŶڲʡ֡ŭбɱ
ǰǸ߸oľͷǶһŶΪ֮ߴڣ֤꣬ơ
飬ֻǵ֮¡
ڣԱɱʱӡڣ
ѪУʮλʮͷϹŶɥȪ
ΨѰһС
ǡ


2927 ʮͷľ
ؽž
Բǧ֮أѻķ֮أɽľޡ
ԶӰǿ԰סĵľֳ߿
Щ֮ǰڸս޵ߣڲԽ־ཱུ󣬾͵һʱԶԶӶݡ
ʶû˿֮ǰһĻĻ
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ѰеӰʱЩս߽סͫһ󣬲Ƶľ֮ɫʼϡ
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ңһ㾳־࣬ҲܱѰܣ
һ뵽⣬Щս˶µĸо

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2928 ݿֲ
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2929 ŭľ
һʱ䣬ϹŶʩչռŲƵطٶȻǣ˲ϢͳѰľǰ

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˴ʱ翹ˣͱҵȲ
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ΧѰһϹŶˣԷ׷˱ܣһ¶ɫ
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ǰмӵ㾳־࣬ҵȵˣʶŲòǰ֡
ϵϹŶæ͡
ǺŶһŻȻĿ⿴ԶѰڣһ붯ԮֵĻᡣ
ѰľޱֻɫʱĳԼ¾ϧʱЩԡ
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Ѿʶľͽڴˡ
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ϵֻ۳ҪԪиֳĵÿһУӳսҲܵеӰ졣
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һĻ˶۾
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ֱݺѻʯЦ
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ǽԾ
Ǻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҲڴʱϢأƬؼһ޴ޱȵʱѷ죬ѷһǧŻӿֶͨĴſҪƬȫקȥ
֮ţ
ǺȻ̧ͷܵһǿҵΣոУɫ䣬ԥŲܡ
Ȼ˷ѾɱҲ·ȫ

Ǻȣâֱصľɱȥ
ԣľߵķƿ


2931 
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ҵײУǺ衣
ͫȻſľǰֶһѰ
ȻѰı
ɱ
һ֣ͺһԾǺк
һ̣֮Žٶ£ѽߣ̼þǺ۾죬ĳХȫ
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ͬʱҲһƬңǧɷΧķ֮ͻأ֣Ȼû£õøϹŶһҪʱ

ʲôͨ
ң
ڷŭ֡ʵĴУʮλϹŶӰ֮ڣɲǼʧ
ϹŶѣһĻʱҲһ亹ëȻ
һ㾳־࣬ûüͷͱûʧʮλͬ飬һҲųѾԲεѿʱŻʱȴɼرߡ
˼һĻĻֲ̫ˣ
գ
ѰһǧɷΧķ֮ٿһĨӰָ⡣
ԭǧɷΧʱķ֮ţֻάϵʮʱ䡣
Сټһӣ
ѰԣѾ㹻ˡ
Ƚصľ𣬶Ĵһ𣬳Զɱȥ
֮ǰıڲľΣյ״󣬾͵һʱ䳯߸ֱִﳡУҲľ֮ǰһС
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޲ɫ䡣
֮ǰֻѰһܺǼսãսɱλͬ顣
ѰĴһǵɱֱɱǣ

ѰָһһĨŻһĨӰķ֮ӳնһϹŶıϡ

ıУϹŶ䱦һƾʧֱӱ֮Ÿˡ
Ѱ編ƣͼ֮һһѾԲڽ˼㣬ʧӰ١
գ۶ѣλϹŶ
һĻ̼ò֪ĲΪ֮
ϣ𡢰׽𡢺ˮĴҲ¶ױȵǿսٲȻѹ㣬ڳй
ЩǶϵĶ֣ȻƴȥԿҲ޷赲һһɱŨ̵ѪˮҲǲϷɽ
ۼһĻĻĿѣҪ
ǻʮλѾԲһǰΪԶѰѹ޵С
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֮ǰо˱ľɱžǺʮһλϹŶ֮ûʧ
Ѱɱ½оλϹŶ
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һʺѪļУΰɽڣϢֲ
ۣ
ھϵһ㾳ڣ
Ůӳ٣һϮˮɫȹѣӨһˮƵ⡣
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䣡
ֲ⻯УЮսìܣͷųܣֱƿ硣
Ե
ͼѰָ⣬ԭһĨķ֮ٿű󣬷ƾճֵһѪڣ͵¡
۵һʱɵҪʱѰĴХмл
ǰ㣡
һ˲˻У֮ǰĿ÷֮ŵĿֲҲĿþǺ־౻ûһĻ
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䣡
ƬңѰĴۼҲһ𣬽קס
ˣҿӱ
۷ŭޱȵգǺѰĴһ𣬱֮Ÿ̵ˣʧ
ֽűð
ܣ
̫껺εҲǱһĻݱá
֮ǰԭȣɵ֮Ǽʱ֮ȴסˡ
ڣĿ۱ûһĻҲһ𣬰ңղȥӪȣԼҲᱻˡ
飡
ˣ֮ŵľɢһա
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̫껺εϾ뿪
ǰһս̫Ĺգ۵䣬Ҳᵽв
£Ψ뿪ǵľ
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ڴʱѰʩչʱӡͨ
ˣ
ؼ䣬ʱǣ˿˿Ƶ⣬۳һĪĽ󣬸ɽ֮䡣
ѰɫҲ˲Ϣò԰ײ١
÷֮šʱӡͨҲսȥؽ;ƿݡ
¡
Զ̫껺εںʱӡܿ죬ǵĶһжϳһʱ̣޷ƿȽ
̫껺εȫҲҪʱ
ǽԾŭӣеǵĺ⡣
ʼգѰһˣ͸˶֮ǰ˭
ҷģǿ֮ĩ֧Ų̫á
أ̫껺εע⵽Ѱı仯ӲһɫҲɱ
ԭļ٣Ѱ״̬һҲ¶ϲɫȻˣ
ڴ˵ţ˴ӡ
̫껺ε俪ڡ
֮ǰһѾڵˣȴȥսֻѡ˱ܣ϶ǲСĴ
ûѰԺϢصھҲע
ż˭Ӳ
Ѱóһƿ㵹һ¶
䣡
˲Ϣըƥʼϱǣԭļգۼͻָ˵ָ۷״̬
¶á
Ѱйоſţǵʮħ򷵻Ԫ̺󣬻õһĽ
ÿһ¶Կϡ屦ǴԪ̵е˶Ųɹ档
˱ĵطڣսһ;ƿݵļ̷ֻһţ˲Ϣָ۷״̬
ЩѰһֱöá
ڣѾϧ
ԶѰı仯Ҳ̫껺ε˿۵ףһ׻㣬㲻Լ۾
֮ǰѰҪ;ƿݣǲŸȥһ
ڣȫʢ۷״̬Ѱ
̫껺ε㾳־࣬Ϊĸо


2932 㺮
ʱӡؼ䣬̫껺εޡ
Ѱ;ƿݵĵ˲ϢͻָǵĶȵס
⻹ôս
˼ĻᣬѰѱɱ
âֱָ̫껺ε
䣡
Ԩӳѹƺ̫껺ε
ߣ
̫껺εзպ֮ɫԼӰָһС
ɫ⻯һƬԨһҲס
ͬһʱ䣬ѰĴΧɱ
ͰԵ˫
̫껺ε񣬻ǵһܵơ
ڵֻһ־࣬ɷ£ĸ޼ɵض֣
ƫƫأǰⳬѾڵ˸ң
רƳ󣬴ӽɱԸ
˵ʱ̫껺εԼӰӿֳǧ磬˸ſֲɱϢѰս
죬֣
ĸҳɣһҧݣһֶΣʱӡķ
еĴ߶Ƶر
еӡʱϢıն
еûɬصĵ
֮ЩѾԲεϹΪ˻һȫ񣬽߾УһС
һĽ类ִݿ塣
ʱӡǡԨ񷡱Ľ׶츳ͨȻûɱǵȷ㾳־඼סһʱƲҲעЩεϹ׾ܻġ
Ϊ˻ûκ˷
䣡䣡䣡
ʱӡϷһȦȦӿ⻪ҫ
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¡
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⡭
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Ǻ̫ȣ̫껺εԲһأ־ҲԶû̫ǿ
̫껺εһˣɫѿ
һѾڵ˶Կ񻹱ӣֱץĸо
ڴˣȮͽʸ񣡡
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Ѱ¶εļҲĳһǳѾУɱҲɱ
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ǿֶΣ̫껺εΧºףԵħ
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ûãһ춯صը졣
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ҫ۵ĹƵķɢƮӳǬ֮䡣
ڱٵǰŭļУ͸ųǵĺ⣬ձؽѰԴš
ԴˣѰȻᡣ
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ᡭ
㾳־඼ˣ
ԶƴƵĺʱӡˣһ̶ŵһ̣Դ¡
һΣѰûжýͨսɱͽ̫껺ε־ֱף˭¶ᱻŵ
λҪҪ
ԶѰĿ
ɫ׽ӣӿ˵Ȼ;
⻹ô
ƴˣ
ҧŭ𣬳Ѱɱ
䣡
ѰδĴһϣ佫λϹŶɱѪ١
ɴ䣬ɱ׺
˻Ҳǻ˲֪µϹŶɴʱ˿̣ȴǿҸܵʲôΪΪζ
һҧݣѰôֻɱ٣Ԫٲ֮ء
δ˵ꡣ
䣡
ԶѰŲɱڵʯ֮䣬˻С
˾ӴܣһȻʧɫ
˭
ѰʣȻ쳹Ʈ
ЩϹŶԸеǰδе;֡
УǻʮλѾԲڣЯλ㾳־࣬ڶΪͥɨѨ׾ɱѰ
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ʱӡڣϢӿ⼤䣬ʱʱɺѪзŭĴ쳹屬֣С
䡣
ȽʣµһϹŶ¾һգ


2933 
̳ɢ
ѰʱӡڣĹˣһ֡
սеսƷ

Ѱһ
һսڣľ帺أҪһʱ䣬ûʧ
̫껺εһսҲѰʶȻ㾳УҲ˭־඼̫ǰǿ
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󣬴սƷϡ
ò˵ѾԲЯıʹ˾йأȻҲѰ衣
ЩԲز֮ǰѲû㹻Դˡ
Ѱа
߳ʱӡĹˣɽ̮ܣؼһƬɪưܾ
֮ǰһΡֺľ޳ǣз֣ܾУ̬̫ƽ
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һиѰ̫𶯡
ʱŵһĻвһ̾
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ţ
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ʱѪƵĲϲ
飡
ȱըһѪ鸡Ѱģԡڲ෨Уһܺ
أѪԽԽŨȡ
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Ѱܡ
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κ޵߶ԣܽȻ
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Ϊǣˡϰء
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뿪
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˵ҲԵúܴݡ
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Ц
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峤ˣ˴ǰĸλǰȫȫˣ
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š
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飡
оƱը飬ȴȻƵģһƨ̱У۷ֱʧǡ
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еǰڣŭ֮£ȳһѪ
ˡˡ
ૣɫһʧȥ
һɳơѹֵϢ
جĶκһͷԣǸ˶ûʲô


2934 
ʮͷУϵ̺ʢ
ǿϣֻоλѾԲڡ
ںܶǰԫͱѰɱ
ǰãҲڵѰС
ڣΪ׵λѾԲڣѶ
ҲζţųƵһͷϣʣλѾԲˡ
Ķ룬ֹԪˣѶҡϵĸ
ȻӵеĳѾɲɶʱڣҪӿֳһѾԲڣǲܵ顣
Ҳ峤جĺ󣬻Եǰʧ̬ԭڡ
һͷҶˣ֪ŴͷǺε֮ء
ҵľǷҡ
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ڣֻʣһλˡ
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û㹻ĳѾԲЩڰĲͷҲ᧿Σ
֣ȸˡ
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ţ峤Ҳ½뿪һɫѿء
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ǣɫò
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һʱ䣬󣬶Цǰӭӡ


2935 
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Խ˽ϸڣԽЩϼһвҲԽʶѰսǺε졣
䵱֪Ѱ̫֮껺ε־ʱһϹﶼǣһɴ۾
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λǰҴȥڰһ⡣Ѱڡ
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Ѱ΢У˻
ƽڵʮͷ󣬽վһ壬ұվŵľϣұվŵԴϡ
һΣʮͷ˲ҰܣѶõǵɿܲ²㼫ܻɱڰ򣿡
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һĶӺҲ˵Թֻеڰӵͨھ·˵ھЩϳôڰϳĴţʮͷǿشŵĹ
򹷲ҪҪǰѹɱˣԺ˭Щ忴شţ
ǰڰ򣬼ܻԵھЩĴصġ
Ӻ˵꣬ҲſڵȻǧڼԪ֮ٱػή٣ЩΪ׼ϾˣһܹвǰΣ״Թۣ
һѲο׽̡һֱֵþͷв
ۼԪ졢١ǧϦҲҪڣѰæֿЦλǰѾˡ
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ѰһӣƽͳǰСѾͷشܣʦ
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α֤ʱʣ¶ʮңҵΪ˾Բزپ롭
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вȱԴΨһǷȱķʱ䡣
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ң뵱꣬ҹʩչʱӡ㽫ȫУ㾳ﶼ޷
ǲʱӡܣ


2936 ֮ ֮
Ѱʼչء
Ҵʮȥ
һ죬һֱԨгŵѹ
ѰԣȻһ׮ϲ¡
æζһ𱥲һ١
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ãѰԲ෨ԿӦĹ
֮ףҲһִ򣬶İ壬ӦԺͻһУ

ѰĶһС磬߶ʱҲصţһʱ䣬սײ𣬻߽ԼսҲδƬƻ
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ԼĪʮ꣬ѩϸ壬Сںڵ㷢βһǳ
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ʮĹѰ絯ָһ˲ƽϣѾһͷǱĺͯɱһŮüۼ価ˬӢˣĶˡ
Զھŷ崫ڹۿʱʱػƺȲʡ
Щ˼ǿƽð۰мӣЩһΪָԽ򣬴ҵ
ټīɽĵضøԴ̶ʮѣƽһеСŮɱһλۺޱȵʥڡ
⻹īɽѹƽнȣĻͻƵľֻ졣
ϾԪ̣㾳еλȻĴ֮ͥһ£κ޵ʥ֮ء
ǰʱҪԪ̣͵żҲӵо۵εĵУһõȴᣬҪſˣ˳ΪһԪ̴ˡ
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еھŷЩǾ۵Ĵ飬īɽȷϤϣΪͻͽĻŽй¡
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ʮ꣬ɸıƽ̫̫ࡣ
ָ
͵أഫ˿ѰӰɫһ࣬ңңÿϽ͸žηͷĵ硣
ƽҲͣжȻתԶһϤӰһƯ
죬æ񣬵ƽʦ𣡡


2937 Լ
ʮˣƽҲʱ꽫Ԫ̵ʦ
Ѳǵ¶ĺӡ
Ѿ֪ԪԼʦλǺε֮ߣǺε֮ء
ī̸ʦʱ¶ʮɫ
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żƽεĸо
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ʦ𣬸£һλ
һжԵ̫ʵˡ
ƽΨֵʱһжǼٵġ

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ƽݺݵͷʦġ
ǰһЩĵãȥĦ
Ѱһö׼õݸƽסҵĵãʺ㡣
ƽæ˫ֽӹ¶һЦݣʦˣԺҶʦʧ
ѰЦԼ飬ֻҪԼ֮£Ժɾ͸ߵͣҶʧģĪҪԼκѹ
Ѱּ˼īɽƬ̣ͺһ𷵻ء
С⡣
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Ѱһ㿴ʲôˣ
ҵĸӦУϹҵƺѱĨȥоͷ·һˣһкۼɢΨʮУŲµҲ䳹׷ת޷ƶϡ
Ѱһ꽫ƽһĻ
ɣƽʶϵҵҲΪԼȫµˡ
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˼ȻǺ£ζԺУȫԼƿأԿһ컯Ҳ֪Ǻģͨؾ˲תСԣľǺһġ
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ıˣ
úεȽɿֲ
Ѱ˿̲пͽƽҲ޷֮
ͬҲ޷ᵽ⡰İǺεȾˣ

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һֱߣ˯˯˳ԣżѰʱŻ֮˵˵죬ء
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һ꣬ѰΪ˳볬ѾԲز
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ӦԼ෨£СɺСڤֵϸԪҲڲϽɱ䣬׾ƷϢ
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Ҳ֣ѰʶɵġСɡڤġСڤɱռ̬עɵڤйء
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
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Ѱּ֪Է
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ǰЩ꣬ߣרŴ̽׽̵̡ϢԿ϶ǣǲλᡣ
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˷ӦƽΪⱾԤС
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˵ͷ
ۼЩƣԼЦλ̫ǣǱٶ࣬Һ̫ڣ浽Ĺͷʱ򣬺ƴ˾ǣ
Ϊʤǰܣ׵Ŀǡ
ۼ˻Ҫ˵ʲôڴʱѰȻλǰܷһԣ


2938 Ǻ
Լź˽һĿ⿴ѰҪ˵ʲô
ѰƽԽһǺ
˽¶֮ɫ
ԪڣλǺϡ
ң뵱ѰһǰԪʱǺλǺġǡнˣӶӵ˽Ԫеʸ
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2939 α
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2940 ɹ
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2941 ս
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ۣۣۣ
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ÿһδ̳ɱһѾǿߡ
գۼĹѣЩûбѰɱĳѾǿߣУ
ڴڼ䣬׽ЩѾԲڲûֹɸճͱѰǣס
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ȴӲǵΧ֮£ɴɱһ׽Ϲ
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2942 
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׽̵컯ԲڣԶǵڰЩʮͷеͬɱȡ
ʮλϹһȫȥԸѰȴѰһѹŴ̫ˣ

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Ӱ˸⣬Ʈ޷׽±ΧǵصĹ֮յرܿ
ʱ쳣򵥺ֱӣһ˰׹սìʹָӳ̡ɨҡ
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ѰȻ죬軹⣬Ͼ˽֪ӵвܡ
ȴսҲ֮ǿᣬȫⲻˣ˶ǣɫ͡

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ͼ׻һ־࣬һ̱ѰӲ򱬣


2943 ֵ¼
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ͼ嫹Ǻ˲ϢȻݣˮؼֽ¡¡ݱﶼ׹һֲֿĻС

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2945 ʦ
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2946  ͨ
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ʮɣ
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ͷ·λʦƾǰ޾ңԶ֮⣬޷ĸԶ֮С
ֲܿ


2947 
е֮࣬ѰҲλʦǶţսͷųԲЩ˲Ӱ졣
ɣǶǵı
ĻǶѰǣǶĺ졢ÿǣע޷ܵѡ

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2948 ôһ
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Ѱһȷ޼֮ɿԶԶ޷־档Ǿֻһֿܣ֮ȵһ˵Ĳ;ĻֶԣһǱڵв
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2949 ֮
Ԫ֮ٵĻ֣
컯֮棬Ѱٿ˵һֱѰĻֵ
컯֮棬Ԫ粢棬ȴûһܹ߳ԭڣǱһֹĹС
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ֻǣѰû뵽ԪһҲǼԪ֮ٵĻйأ
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2950 ȼȲ
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ѽĿ⿴Ԫ΢΢ףλѣּˡ
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˶٣ĿһɨڳˣҴͼλ֮ĶԹ޷Ϊλѡһʺϵս֮أˣɱȫ²
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2951 ֮
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ңֲϳǵӰõÿһĵкܵѹơ
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һڼʢųڲĹ⣬¶ķ
ʦֵܶˣľԺܲһ
ɱʱûһģȻѿȥƴսҲٳԽѰﲢδʹ˰֡
ԼĴľʦԣӲزʦ֮ͬҲ۸ߵ͡
ʤҪ
¡
Ѫɽ
սȫһߵ̬ƣƬ̶ѣ׽̺Ǳ߾أ½гѾԲڵ£
ĺɱ۾Ŀѣ𣺡λ棬ǰԮ
Զںʱӡ㾳־һ
ȫҲֻܺʱƣҪƿĻʱڸ첻
ʱĺı֪̬ܲصԸӵĵزˣ
ƴˣ
ǶһۣһսŲƶȥ
ˣѰһͻǰץסı۰˲Ϣ뿪ʱӡǵء
һӣ㾳־˸ա
ʦ֣ҿžǣЩֽ
Ѱ˵ţ̷һ¶һľ޴ĵҲ˲ͻָ۷״̬
ܶԿЩ㾳־ࣿ
һ
ܡ
ش裬Ųƶһ࣬ʶλʦֶܵΣͻ֪ڴ˾Уʲô֮
Ȼҿÿһˡ
̸ʱѰٴγʱӡǵС


2953 Сʦж
һɱ׽̡Ǳء
׽ֻʣλѾԲڣǱλЩѾڽɫѱ¾һա
ЩŵϹһҲ
˿̣ǶԣΨһֻ̾ʣ㾳־ࡣ
ֻǡ
ѼʶѰǿĻ᲻ֻҪһֱʱУעѾûжٻ뿪Ļˡ
ƴˣ
ۼָ۷״̬Ѱĺ˻
׻ȥȫҪˡ
Ҳͬˡ
ǼÿյǿߣѱŸսľȻ̬
Ȼ
ڴʱѰȴֳʱӡ
ͻһĻ˶⣬⧲
ǰҪҪӣ
־ʿһһٶ˥ߣ
ۼһ֣ĺԭ׼սĶ־жҡ
Ѱ֮ԳʱӡҪҡԷĶ־ǴԨ츳ͨ޷ͬʱʩչʱ˴˳ͻ
ѰĿĸߵĻ᣿
ڳʱӡͬʱıѺԥʩչ֮ͨ
ৣৣৣ
ХһɭϺͼȻɽߴ޼񹂡
޼ߣ޾Ҳ
ֲǣ޼֮еɣڴ˿ӳ䣬䲻ʱӡǵܣȴɸֲ
䣡
ͼƬأһ˲ӳֳ˼ۣ³ӵݣӳֳ־ۻ½롣
˲Ϣԭܹ֧Űӵ֮ľһգѰһĵжһ롣
һν֮ͨɽߴ޼ںһãĵ㹻ۺ񣬸ͳŲסġ
ɵ޼񹂡ת֮еϢӳؼ䣬ѰҲӿһɳɾ͸С
֮ǰչЩ꣬Ϊ˽֮еİھ򵽼زΪ˸˼ѪŬҲԹ֪ٴΡ
ղݳǿһ
֮ͷŵġ֮Сͨͺñһ뵽սС
ܹԨϽսġ֮š֮ͨͬ
䣡
ͼתʱתء

أֵļ
һѾԲͼߣȴ޼ͼǣƣȫֿʱ֮еմȾʱ䣬˷һ꣬һնһգ
һĻԶս趼ɵһ
תնУ
ǳѾԲڣһӱ䷲صδʱӡ
̫ˣ
Ω裬вףܹӵгѾԲУһ·ϸøٵѪŬĥѺѪȵϴ
һУȴ˲ϢֱУȴֱκ޵
飡
ǱնеϹʧȥһ󣬸ܲסսеĲӰ˲Ϣͱ˺ѣҷ
⣬ֻǿʼ
޼ͼǶ£ĺ졢ÿյϹܵǣƣƴԿΨֱ֮еմȾ
޼ɽߴУѰǵѰ
ͼӿֱӾͽĺǵӰУûˡ
һŭʵ쳹

ΪλΪΡ
Ѱ㲻ú
ɼĺǵսڼٶбᣬϵĵն
գ޼ͼһһɢ
һĻĻжһ
ЩɶͥˣһһøãִȨӵ˸ľ뢡
ȴڴˣ
㾳־Ҳܵǣƣϵȴֵܹʱ֮Ϯȫֵ£һʱ̣޼ͼҲκβǡ
ѰѾ㹻ˡ
䣡
ûеκʱ䣬һ㾳־ɱȥ
һӰ˶ӣȫֿ޼ͼѰɱʱ˸ֲ
գ۵Ĺ򣬰һķŭӵ־౻ֱӺ𵱳

Զ̲סĿ⿴ܹüһĨ֮ɫ
ֻǣʻȴȻΪҷɽĿһλˣд˱ֲǸϹ֣ҿЩСˡ
贽ǳ鴤ûķǣ
΢΢һЦ֪뿴ܾӣƫƫͲ㿴
̸ʱսһ춯صĺ
ͼλ㾳־࣬ǲ޼ͼĴѹƴƵĳѰ֣һҪʯٵƴ̬
ͼѰ͵һ۹ĵԼǰ֮նһ
䣡
һԨӯĪĲ෨Ϣ˲Ϣ֮һ㾳־࣡
ԶԶһ絶ɽһΪ
Ǳ־źȻ飬
һ㾳־ѰһΧȫӲӲ
գۼĹ־ֱӱ䱬
㾳־࣬һֵعܹɱκβĹؼڣƺȴκβСʦܡ

Ŀ⣬Ȼܹսеĸϸں
͸˰ɣ𾪵ĵطҲڴ˳յĲ෨ƺ׾ٵػع֮졣
п
㾳Ϊǰǿ
ؼڣܹƿغع
㿴͸ҿ͸
ƺˣзʡ
ɣСʦѾʼˣ
Ҫ֪죬ʦıȴĿ컯ںܾǰͱѰƿء
ҲΨܹȥԿͻ֮
費ɺ㿴ʲôˣ
΢Ц㡣
㷭ֱۣСƵĲ
䣡
Զ޼ͼɢѺľˡ
Уѽʣ㾳־ںѰսǵ־඼Ѹˣģ
Сʦܣ£㾳־
أսȣƿһ¾ѵְӣһʱӶɱȥ
Ѱһ˳ҾΪʦ󡣡
һ𣬷ɢܣԴ
ɱ
㾳־౾Ѳܹ뿪ϣɵɱʱ˴˶һۣˡ
£ƽǰһȫû֣֮
¡
ƴüҪ
ѹɫأһмͷţȫɼˣȴ뱻ѹĴС
ж𾪡
֮ǰԶսʱۼѰɱЩ㾳־ɱ׺Ѿ
ɵȥսʱȴܵ㾳־εȿֲ
ң㾳־໹Ѹˣӵеܴǰ
£ѹ̧ͷܲ
֪ѡ
սս
ȷʵȫһ


2954 Ļ
սоյĻˡ
㾳־࣬ջǱɱ
ķյʱ䡣
ҲСۣϸˣҲأֻǿǱͷɢղ԰ף
սһ̣һп֪Сʦڴ˾жˡ
Ѱǰһƿҩݸʦ֣ˡ
Զ֮ǰһĻĻ۵׵ֹһȻ紫˾ûһ̬ġ
ƾսһԶܸɷ㾳־֮࣬ǿѿ졣
ȻѰȻѷɫ٣ɺͬȣѿƴ˾

ǺѲڣѿĿĵĹ֣ݺύҵĿռ籩Űʵ
Ǵսµĺ֢
ʱ֣ΪصһֻսನɵĻɳƵϴĿġ
ʱڣǺָܻ
սĻˣѰսƷһ飬
ٹʢαһ٣ڳţɢϢľ
ߣ̷š
ü䷺֮ɫ
ɱ仯⣬αܷ֤ɹһѺ޷ȡ
ಣ
ǵӰܿʧԪڡ

𣿡
ǿµĩպƽٲδ١
⾿ô£ΪλԵ޹ʵسȿֲֻ
ͬʱӾֺ;н侲
֮ǰһҪĺƽ٣δ٣ɶֲڵԣȴڹŹظһ⡣
񣬵ܵؼĹָ糣֮Ҳ޲˼֣˶нٺ֮УǾɡ
⾿ô£
ͬһʱ䣬ڵһڵڰУҲһƹδĽ
ڵĸܲǿңܵĳҲ󣬹ʶ䶼е𺧺;ɣҲ̫š
ΨڰУʮͷᵽ˲һϢЩ
ֻǣҲⲻһԪͥɱٵĽΡ
ڵ죬Щͷǲǰ̽Ϣ

Ԫ硣
ֲٲк¡
αӰսֲ
Ǹʲôʲôعңڴһۡ
ﵱ£һƽ١
Ѱ룬ǰҲ¡
ǰһƿһ֮Ļ󣬽α
ãȥϷǡ
辶ֱԪؾȥ
񣬷ƽӺԪȸԪؾУ緢顣
ֱӰ뿪Ѱʵʦ֣ܸøңΪνǰִҪÿվʦҲһǰ˰ɣ
룬Ҫˡ
죿
Ѱ΢С
֣֮ǡһ壬ľǼܾǼԪ֮ٵĻ֡
ѰȻ֮ǰʦǰҲƲ⣬˵һɱҪԸġӦҡ
ﲻ̾ǰԪеʹܣʦ𡢽ǰƲһ
Ѱзң
ЦôСʦˣ
ѰҡͷҵˣǴû֮µĿģҪԸҡ
ʦ˵ΨвĻ֣ǰʱ㲻¶ҲûţĻв;ڡѾһˣֹ׽̡̺͵ھЩ֪˴£ĻҲӦѲ
˶٣˵һɱ٣ûָʹΪ׽̡̺͵ھ򣬻Ϊ˵˶˵ǾͲĺԪȫ濪սҲܾ޴
ѰյһĻĻͥʦ־࣬һ㾳ı𶼳ȷ̫
ָʹ׽̡̺͵ھЩ壬ǲôֲǰս
ⶼĻڲݣ
Ѱз
Ӧˡ
ʦ֣֪Ļ־ˣһּؿµĹѰʡ
컯֮ʱҲʹٿգٿȴҲ޷һȷ𰸡
ΪԪĸУû˼⡰Ļ֡
ٿյ游ϫںܾǰʱͿʼ̽Ѱ⡰Ļ֡йصƺͬûжٷ֡
ȻҲҡҡͷ˵ңʦͽǰ񶼻ֻһЩ²ƶϰˡ
˵⣬ʲôʦܣܾǰʦ뿪ǰѰ棬֪ʦΪҪô
Ѱ˵Уܹ׻⡮١ķ
˵ͷҪǣǵȵطĻܹƿصģҲֻܲ̽ĻֵĿ
Ѱ̾ڿʵû˼Щ
ЦıĻֶϺԴԺ󣬽գ
Ѱش˵ģǧڵļԪ֮ٽǰĻֶϲܳ֡
ѰȻԼã
ʼʦ˵ģ֪ĻԺȼʦһ֪ˡ
Ѱ
򣬵Ļ֣͵ߵĻǰҲ̸ǺˡԪ֪Ŀһֱ¶ۼҲͬˡ
˶٣ڽǰҪÿվʦǰ棬Ҳܼ򵥣ò˶ãͽˡ
Ѱһ𣺡ʦԡ
ÿһμԪ֮ٽǰ㾳ڵġ١ͻ½ΨнУбֻܿϣ
ʦͽǰƶϣڽЩԪġ١ͽ½֣ʱ뿪磬ܾҪܡ١
ʶЩ㾳ԣԽ뿪Խȫʦ־ͽǰ棬ܰվʦһЩæٵһʱ䣬æﲻϡ
ѰŻȻ
ǰҲ˵һĵ棬ÿԪ֮ٽʱЩ㾳ͻУɣԱܿٵĴ
ȻǵʱҲܹѰٵǰ
νɣҪȡǰĻᣡ
ô˵ǵھЩе㾳ڽЩҲ½뿪
Ѱζʲô
ΪԱھЩҲǰ׼Ҫ飬ײٲֵھ֮顣һֱԪ֮ٽǰ
Ѱ㳹ˣ˵ĻǶԣڽЩǽбʱ
дһ˿ܡ
ҡͷʦܣĪҪСЩ壬ܹԪӴ֪̿εȿֲ
˶٣ʱÿԪ֮ٽʱЩУͻѡһλλ㾳Щ㾳Ϊѳ׼ҪˣȻں١в


2955 
һѰʶ֮ǰԼЩˡ
ڽЩٵĳֻвκһλ㾳ڡ
ҪôʱȥԸҪټգ
ΪڼԪ֮ǰѡһЩ㾳£䵱ʿԱӻ壡
ҵҲż
Ѱ˼Ԫ֮ٽٵʱ仹ǧңЩ㾳һһ뿪׽̡̣ǵھУȻ㾳򣬿Ҳޡ
˶٣οǳѾԲڣڼԪ֮ǰػȫȥ㾳ʱ
һĨ⡣
û˵꣬ȴѾѰͼͷڽЩȷǽбʱȴżΪӪͼ֮
ʱ򣬼Զһƿ
ͼ衢ӺƽһڸŲƶ
ӺȻҲѴе֪˷Ǻϵһ飬ɫ䶼ڵϲú˷ܡ
ʱԷ׷л
Ƕͽĵ߽ͷԵ˵һɱ٣имѡ
΢Цףһһ
һΣ׽̡أʱڣעǰðڵھЩ壬ôлΪʣֻҪαɽٺǾûɱŵĻᣡ
ƽܵ
αɽٺ󣬸Ԫܵͻָʱ㾳ıˣҲѺԪ̵ĸ
Ӻɱڵ֮£ܾˣ̬ƽҲʱ򱨳ѩˣ
һΣ׽̡̺͵ھЩ֣Ԫ̵ͳޣܲ
еڰʮͷҲʱǽһγ׵ˡ
Ԫâ
˵ЩȻһһ㣬֮ȶƣͥΪţ˼ۣȴǿɲˡ
˽Եͷ
̳俪ʦ־ɳҡ֪λ㾳ǰ
Ա
ЩԾ
أһֱڹα֤￪ڣüͷ
ͬʱ͵һĺ쳹
ͼ֮£αӰȻѣԪҲܵش
⡭
ѵҪɽʧܣ
οΪ׼갡
˵Ķɫ䡣
ۼαԪͽ׺飬أĽٹȻ䰵ȥſʼˮɢ
գʱѣ׽پʧһɶҲκһ˿ۼ
ΨαصԪƮš
һĻ⾿Ƕɽٳɹˣûгɹ
š
£αǸصԪҲԽһУ
ãŷһɬĳ̾ͽһԪ񹶻ȴΪΡڴлҷ𣿡
һ仰͸޾ıȻ
ǵĶȵףڸȷα֤ʧˣֻȴδһƽĨɱ为˵ԪҴ
ϧ
ﶼ̾
֤ʧܣȻҪȴһ֤֪Ҫȶá
ңȴ̫ˣһλʹ
ѰҲǡ
Ԫǰ˵ԪαչؾޣΪ֤׼
ȴû뵽׼˳£αȴ֮¶ɽʧˡ
ΣΩ裬һʱʧ޷ǧҪʹԱ
գȰοڡ
ϹҲΧ£ȥԶαа
αĬɫ𲻶
ãǿһЦݣ˵λĪҪΪҵǣֻܴ˴һʱ޷ܰˡ
콫Щҩ̷
óһЩĵرǿƾ˹屦
αҡͷܾȱĲЩ˴ζɽʧܣҶԣһĽѵҵƷʧܣ⡣
˵ĺá
ӵǺľΨˣһ֤ʱһ
ʱѰһ£æƿóݸαǽǰⶣҪǰ
αһ
һɿ촫һα׹
ƿʶ̽С
Ƭ̺һɫʱϲʱȻʱ𺳡ʱ¶˼֮ɫ
⿴Ƕ
ƿǺ贫Ѱ
ѰҡͷҲ
ãαȻѰֵСѣлˣ
ɫѱƽƺĵӰһɨգ͸ǰδеɡ
ѰæǰĪҪǽǰɲҾӹ
費ʵΣƿоװʲôŹ֣
αЦҶԣ֮˵׼ƾƿ֮;
һ仰˶ˡ
Ǻεȱӵ֮ã
λǰ˵й¶һ˿Ϣ
α͵ʶǾͲشˡ
˶٣⣬ƻָҾͻ뿪ţǰ档
ԵúͻȻ˽ʼϲ
һ˼⣬ȻϣҵҲٶȰ
Ҳͷ
λлˡ
αȭܣ
Ҫлóصĺþдҵȡ
Ц
кβɣ
αҲЦ
һĻѰеͦø˵ģóƿαµ֤ϣ
ȾǰЩȰ׵ˡ

һ죬̫顣
α֤㣬٣׽̡̡ھ˱Ǻ֮ϱɱ١
ֱʱһжһһĻ
Լš̫뿪ǰ棬ԪҲҪ
Ҳڵ죬Ԫ̵ָܻǺԪϿա
ԪؾеԪˣԱǽطŸ
ܿ죬ԪҲ֪˽շЩ飬Ҳ˲֪ٺ䶯ͻȻ

ԪǰԪ˽Աټ
Ѿкܶ겻ֵԪαȥԪְ֮Ԫո󸱸Ѱơ
ͬʱαԪո֮λ
ɶӺԪ֮λ
Ѱ衢ӺȱĸְֱеλӵгѾԲΪĳһһơ
αĿ⿴ѰЦָϲˣ
ָ
ָ
˷Ĺ𶯾
ԪЩˣǾŷӣ˿̽Լѣĳ𺳺;塣
ǰѰոհԪ̣Ϊھŷ崫ˡ
ڰĽգĿ֮£ԪȨ
һУͬһ漣Ԫʷļ¼ǰԺ¼ٲ˳Խ
Ĵ棡
ңעڽһֱдȥ


2956 ͷж
Ԫִѡ¼֮¡
Ԫ󣬷ƽѡǧϦλԼһڵĳϡִ¡ִ£ԽӸǲ
ΪѵڳΪԪ̽ڽĴڣλ֮ߣȨ֮ԼܶõԴԶ˿ɱȡ
ͬӵеȨж󣬾ҪΡ
Ԫ̣û㾳򣬶ڳѾԲУʵѰսΪ
ĳ϶ԣѰٲȻԪᣬӰҲһλ
죬Ԫ¾ٰϯΪѰ衢Ӻλ¸ء

ҹ
ϯзضѰͶʦ̸һ
£׽̡أھʱҲ½顣Ѿ̵ʦǴѶ󣬾һǰ̫澳ȥȴʦǡ
ｫԼľѰ
Ѱһ𣬲˼Һһȥ
ЦҡͷȥˣٱһٱЩжϣɾͲˡ
Ѱüս㾳֣˭Ҳκβң£ɲؼɵʲô
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Ѱ˿ʦָֻʹֻҪܰæȥʲôԡ
֮ǰ̵ͻϵڰʮͷǿߣפ̫澳⣬ЩʦһֱУ޷
ľѲһǰЩ칥Ԫʱǲһ򾡣Ԫˣòȹ̡
⣬Ѱͷ
ǺϵһսУԼÿΪ׵ĶʮλѾԲڡʮλѾǿߡԼʮλ㾳־ȫû
ˣʦ͵־ࡢԼȥ٤ޡδ٤򱻽ǿд档
˵һ̵ۣһڸ߲Ｘ
Ҫ֪ѾԲڣܹҲֻʮˣһʮĸȴε֮
㾳ڣҲֻλֱǹȥ٤ޡ٤ѡδ٤
ȥδѱ棬ֻʣ½٤һ
ڣ̵ĸܵ
׽Ҳͬˡ
̸Թ˲ϾʮͷӵеĶҲѱʦ䣬£פ̫澳ĵˣﻹʲôвԡ
ǳ֣ƾʦǵֶΣԽǺɨȻʦǻ֪ѷ츲صı仯ʶܻ̫澳а
Ѱͷ⵹ġ
Цԣǰ̫澳Һʦһɡʦ㣬򲻷ȥڰһ⡣
ڰ򣿡
Ѱü
ھЩԹ˲ϾĿܹ˵ЩŹʱʹˮʱ
˼ʦȥ̽Ϊһڵǰ£ʮͷգھЩϽ
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ԣɱϵڰѲٹ˼̫࣡
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ﶣѰΪ˱ڵڰֳĶ̫ٱ嶢ˡ
ʦַģԸʮͷֻɡ
˵⣬Ѱ˵ʦ֣ҵıһǰ̫澳Ҳܾûмʦˣпʵĺܡ
ӣʦܻţġͥƵȵزػοѡ
Ѱ豣ҲȻ
ͥɸʦڣ̺۾
˵ⲿɸʦֵ춨˻ʯԼЩģʯϲϽ˵ƣ뵽ԼĵҵС
ʦ֣ʦûκκۼô
Ѱʡ
һ˼⵹ãʦУоʦһЩ
Ѱ˵Ǻ͸ʦйصĺۼǡƤë˿ҲС
ɻ̽Щ
ѰһԼνͽƽȻ˵ǾʦҲһ˿Ҳа취þʦ»
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2957 Ƿ
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ȻЩ۴󲿷ֶǴ⣬ſŵɫʡ
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ǣֻΪһ¡
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ӵͷֹ̨ϣѡʮͷµ¶ñԪʰ׼
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˵⣬ܽͽվˣԪ̻عػǿɱӺ˿ʲôΪ³
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ӵϧԭǼ̨峤̨ģʮ㣬˵ãȴڵһҲ²ⲻҲ̨ܿϵľȴĥ̨ѺȥϷµĵ̺
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2958  һ
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겻̨澹Ҳ̤㲻;ӵپڵĵУ֪츳εȲ
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һĻ̼ڳͯǿ߻һ¡
ӣ
ʶһʱҪߡ
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͹Զֻ̨һ˹ǣͷɢնʧ񡭡
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2959 ޼
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2960 δ
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ÿһΣӭӣЩͷĴӭء
ֱ󣬳˷֮⣬ŴͷĴһãǵݣöʾŻд󶨣֮ǰĵǺͽһɨգ
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ӳؼ䣬ֲɱ֮ɢʮɽգ֮ݣ糹׳٣
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2963 һȭɱ
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2964 ̤ɽ
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Ѱ
˵ǰֻǺ䶯£ôڣ壬Ѻǰȫһ
ڲ;ϣŴ޵УĴڣδУŽ
£ǽ̤ʮͷʬ֮ϵĴ棬㾳£Ϊ
ϱпۣ
Ӳȱ֮ʤĴ뢺ճ޸ʱȻѰߣһ˱ѹһԪ֮ͬŽУֻһˣ޿ɱȼߣ


2968 ϢͻϢ
Ԫ̡
Ѱı
أȻӡ
ţһϤϢ׽
ˣ
Ѱһ䣬սԪŲƶڶС
ͷ֮ʱѰ˲˽⵽˷ڵڰһĻĻ
Ѱ𴽽ǷЦ⡣
֮ǰû뵽龹е˳
ھһֱ˹ˡ
˼ʱѰԤУЩѣȻǲʲôʣǸϾ˼ڰ顣
ľʣ¾ͺ͡Ԫ֮١йأ
ʲô
Ѱĥ͸ԣγܹʮͷ̤Ѿһ׮Ĵջ
ĽȻһ󲨶
Ѱ򿪽ƣʱ𣺡Σ
Ѱ߳Ц˵˳ӽԺϽʮͷ
ʱסɴ۾ȫˣ
Ѱͷ
輤һѰ򣬡ҽΰ쵽ģ

죬йѰ̤ڰʮͷϢԪɢĪ䶯
ָһˣʮͷ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ЩϱһĿ࣬
ŷЩˣˣһ۲ѣʮͷǿµȻ
񣬾ѱĨ
ƽʦãָʦؿȴˣ
ھŷ壬䳡УӶ˸߲ҵѰȫʤ飬ȴע⵽ƽһ˱ϥǣ
ȻǼ˵ģֻģŬҲʦ⡣ƽ̾
ҪԼѹʦǰˣϵ¶һǼرģԼĵ;꣬費
Զīɽڡ
ƽæѵǡ
īɽƽжûʦˣ
ƽ˼ࡣ
ʱ䲻ˡīɽͷʦոմȫʤ㵹ǿԽ˻ȥ
ƽ۾𣿡
īɽЦŵӣǰݼҲ˳Ϊβԣ
ãȥ
˵ţƽѾתȥ
һ죬ǰݻѰкܶ࣬ЩǣͥУѰġ
ƽִʱʱܵעĿ⡣
ӴСƽôˣ̶ʮʱ䣬Ѿ̤׼ؾˡ
ϹȤ
Ѿͷ̸϶ãʺȴԺ֮ɾͣע
ۡ
ƽ֤۾ʱΪ㻤
Цпڡ
лλǰ
ƽԵúòɶ¡
Ȼ֪Լܱô˹עȻΪԼʦ
ƽѰʱںͶӺƽƽ̸ڣЩнͽš
ƽ
ȴѰЦ֡
ƽæȥƽʦ𡣡
ĪҪ࣬µȺ򣬴ĵҵ
ѰЦ˵
ӣһֱϤĽ̵ҲЩⲻȥ
ƽûô࣬ʦһ࣬лϲˡ
ֱǰݻͬһһȥ
ѰѯһЩƽϵ飬ֱ˵֤۾֮ǰǡ
۾Ǵ֮·ؼһΪʦѰȻ˽ô˻ᣬúָһƽ
ţ
ƽͷϾǾϲ

ҹ
ľںƽΪͻ
ѰıʳڰǰѾʼѰʱʱζȡ
żһĻƽоһ˵ĽаԺҪҵ£һҪʦġ
ƽҲһ԰ɡ
ãѰʳʰ׵кƽһԡ
ƽæСܹɵһࡣ
ԹƽشǱ𣬷Լ
ѰһȲ裬ȶʦǻҴǿչŵһˡ
£ʮͷ׽̡̡ǵھЩ壬Թ
Ѱôʱ䣬ԾĸӺּЩȫߣԪС
Ȼܾڵħ硱еĸĸˣҲҪаá
ҡ
ѰЦŴӦ
ֻǣƻϲϱ仯
º󣬶ʦ糾ͷԪ̣ѰһϢһϢ
Ϣǣ̫澳еĴʦֵˣԱ˳ȳ
ϢǣڼԪ֮ٽ֮ǰǧУнٲ֤
֪ЩϢѰ⧲֮С
ʦԭл֤ģȴΪһʣ;ڳѾԲУ޷
У̾
Ǵʦأ
Ѱʡ
ǰˡ
մʦֵ˵Ѳٵȥ뾡ƾ򣬰һǻ֤ͽĥ
Ѱһǣпޱȣ֪ж㾳ڳлۣʦǴȥ̫Σˡ
ˣǰʦ־ࡢпվʦǶڣշʦ֤ʱᰲȫࡣ
Ѱһ̾ԭܹͷɽһʦʦžۣҪʧ֮ˡ
֮޳Īǡ
ô˵˶ʦ֮⣬ʦʦҲʹʦһˣѰʡ
ͷҼ֮Ҳǰ档
ѰһǡҪҲһȥ
붼û;ܾˣУʦֺʦǰҪ㣬Ԫ֮ٽǰĪҪǰ档
ΪΣѰü
棬֪ж㾳ڣΪǰ棬ʱʱ̶̿ԤսȥˣЩϼһ֪ϵܹвǼԪ֮ٵĻ֣²ǻô
ѰֻҪǲ˵Ŀ֪
Щ㾳ϼһ̫ˣοԪԪʱһ뿪
ѰһʱԶԡ
ȷ޷һеǰ档
Ϊ᲻Ԫλãǻû
縸ĸ¹ǣڵ򡰼硱УԾĸӺּЩˣȥ
Щ飬ڼԪ֮ٽǰˡ
İɣʦֵܹ۵һ졣
ҲΪǵģˣںܾǰǷɽܾӹһʱ䣬˽ҲԶ˿ɱȡ
ѰЦ˴Ӧһ˵ʲô
˶٣ʵʦ֣֮ǰΪ˵Ԫ֮ٽǰ罫ٲ֤ܳ
ɫʱǴʦ̽һۣ˵֤ǱǼԪ֮ٵĻˣʮǰѿɴƱϣ̤֮
Ѱһˣһֱ磬Ҳע̤;


2969 
Ӧˣ޾ԣ޷ͻƣط޷ͻơʦִ˴ΣѡǰͻơԺʦҲˡ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ȥ֤㾳ֻһһеĳԶԶȽ򳹵Żῼȥı֤ʱ
ڵ죬ҴҶȥ
Ѱ˼С
Ԫ֮٣Ԫؽʹ˸𣬵ʱֲ˥پͻή٣ΪߵͣӴ˽ٶɱ
ڼԪ֮ٽǰ㾳ڼɵģʱήٵġ١
ˣھЩŻϾˣֻȫĵΪȽ׼
ͬҲ˷ƻ֮ء
Ϊֻ棬ӵǰĻᣬӶܿԴٵв
񣬷֮־ࡢվԼԪ̵̫ԼšαˣԶ½ǰ档
ò˶ãɽһڴҲִ
Ѱ²ⲻ׽̡̿Ҳͬ׼
ٵˡ
ãѰһ

ʱУѰһӱæµ
æòһű𣬲ܹڴͬʱ˵С
ĳԨȻ뿪ǰ
ľڽƽС
׽ǰԪɽɽղϵĵ伮ź͡Ԫ֮١йصļء
ˮǰݷ÷ƽ
̤ʮͷҲʮͷۻµԴͲƸȫա
ѰòϵԴͳͳɷƽãˣԪ»
Ͼһͷ۵ĲƸ񣬸οʮͷȫĲƸ
űһ𣬿ʼѼ
ʮͷУӵк׾Ʒֻӵ׾Ʒ
ҡЩͷӵк׾Ʒ򣬻ӵ׾Ʒ
ϡЩֻӵ׾ƷĲͷӵеҲ֮ࡣ
Ѱ⣬ǴʮͷѼ׾Ʒ򣬾Ͷʮ
ƽһ£ÿͷҲӵа˵׾Ʒ
ɴ˿ɼʮͷĵ̺εۺ
ڵҲвӵ׾ƷĲ壬ۼ̣ȴԶ޷;ϡЩͷԱȡ
ԭڣϡϵȲͷֹӵе׾Ʒ࣬ڵǣ䱳վһ壡
ܹڰ򣬸µĵڡ
ǰʮ׾ƷУѰ˶ʮĽԱˮߣɷƽá
ڣѰ㽫׾Ʒ򳹵
Ƿֱҵġõ֮ҵġϵġűռ䡱ϵġ𡱡ϵġˮ
ֺ򣬽Ե֮顣
ǰѰزýЩؼһһϡ屦Ҳѹ˲Щ
ʵֻʣ½ʣµıԴڣʱ֮Ҳ֮
ѰƶϣһȫûиʮʱҲ޷䳹
ʶѰȽһ෨ػӶʱؿ°빦á

һҫ۵򲨶תҵõ֮Ѱȡɻ
óҵ


Ѱĳ૑ľ¹ºһ𣬷Ԫ̡
ȻԼҵˡ
Ѱأ͸ĸ¹һۣѾԻڡ
Ҳҡ屻ԪжӣѰһ֮ǡ
󣬾ͺͻһ𣬰Ѱıһ
ľƽУм飬˺ˮ׽
ʱ󣬴ҴҰȥ
Ԫڲ仯
ŷУ̤㲻;ӿ֣پǿߣҲ
Ϊϲ˵ǣһЩԲεͻƣ볬ѾС
ԭǣУƽѰʮͷѼĲƸһطȥӵ㹻ԴԪЩǿ벻ͻƶѡ
ı仯衢ӺƽҲпϲѡ
ǵȻ̶̰ʱԪھܹӵı仯Ѱû
ͬʱС
Ѱһֲ񻷸γͼתʱӳֳתؾ
ͷ·ͼУһֻ磬н棬ӿֳɬϢ
Ѱһʱɢ١
͸ʣµˣ
Ѱһ
ʱ䣬Ž׾ƷĲ෨Уõò෨Ҳ֮ɱ䣬Ƹʤǰ
ȱʧĺѾûκ
УҲҪԨһ
Ѱ˼⡣
ԨܣǿƥԶһϵĲѰԣмռ䡣
ңʮͷѹεʤϺģƾЩԽԨһˡ
ʦ𣡡
һȸԾţͽƽٻӰͷӽϲ̵ͽ֤۵۾
ѰЦ
ҵָ㣬Ѿ׼۾Բеƽڽ֤۵۾ⲢѰ⡣
̤˾Ժ·ֻԼˣܽģ޷һЩڵ۾;ϵĵãԽȫհᣬ򷴵ᵢĵ;
Ѱ̵
ƽݺݵͷ
ȥɣͻƾ磬úùһ¾磬ӽԺȥԪո֮ΨĥܸõĲȱ©
Ѱ
ʦ𡭡
ƽжʱӿᡣ
һֱѰߣľҹҹָУϾ֮໹ƷѰ⿵ζѰ縸װ㣬Ȼ뿪
ֲǼˣģ
ѰЦӥչᣬξ죬ӵо۵۾УϵȱҲԣǾǷȱĥԺȡŵĿ񣬶ྭһЩ飬޺
ţԺʱʦġ
ƽһ˵
ĿƽӰ뿪ѰԼڹŻʱյͽհףҲ֪еεȾˡ
Ƚ򳹵ǰǿչŵһ⡣
Ѱϡ
Ѱٴαչأһ˼ϣȻʱš
һֱѰߣºܾòѰ˵һ仰һֱⶴУƺҲġ
Щһˡ
ֻװѰһˡ


2970 
Ҵһȥ
һ죬ѰӴüͷ΢΢
ڰǰͽųɵزİУȴ繦δ
ǽʣµһɺƾλѪȥ޷һ˿
һƿԶǺķʱѪܹġ
Ѱƶϡ
˫
һ˫Ӱƾո֣к·Ը
´ӵʱ˫ҲѱѰջ
㿴Ĳ෨Σ
Ѱʡ
˫ϸԪʼԴ֮飬Ԫ֮ٶӴӵм䲻˼ܡ
˵۷ʱƿصܲ
̺İأԺ֮йأ̺Ѻ͹ûʲô
Ҳ˵˫۷ʱյ
˫˵Ĳ෨Ѳǿ˵Ĳ෨վǷ֮
˶٣ҿ֮ԻˣΪΪ֤㣬һ෨עɱΪ˼㷨򣬶㷨򣬱ͺعû𡣡
Ѱ˵ͷƶϵĲ෨죬վǲ;ϵĵо磬עʵȫµɱ䡣
ˡ
ʣµһɺľҪ֤֮󣬲ӵн䳹ʸ
ˣĲ෨Ѿƽˣй֮޲ζţĵУȥԿع
˫ö
ѰЦЦô𣬸òִЩ˰ɣ
˫崿ŮС¶һĨˣ˫Ҳֻһָܻ۷״̬ˡ
˵꣬Ѱ׳׾Ʒ򣬡ȥɡ
˫ƯģȸԾлˣ֪˫ˡ
ѰЦ
Ȼ֪˫кǻۣµľٶ鶼ܻƫƫһҲԵúȻҲԡ
˫Ѱ˼
£ϻв׾Ʒֻʣһ«
ˣ˫СڤСɣԼ̫ʼ
У̫ʼǴʮħн̺һԭʼ֮
˫˵ʱġ̫ʼǸյһŰֽ꣬ӵ޵Ǳܿھ
Щ̫ʼһֱѰһΪĸ壬ЩҲõ˲ϵܡ
ֻǣվɱʲôӣѰԼҲ
ѰԿ϶ǣܹԡ򡱽ܣ
£̫ʼѰĲ෨ʱʱ̿ܵ
Ѱ֤ʱͿԽΪԼ
ȻҲԽ£ĻԺԽһ㲻
ãѰӳ˼
̷ǿչŵˡ
뿪
Ƭ̺
ѰԪո衢ԪӺԼǰǿչŵ顣
߶ͷӦ
Ѱԣ㾳֣ϼĶ֡
οǿչŵǵȵطֻǴǧеһû䣬Ѿȴ
ȵطĿܹܳвѰĶ֣
ǿչŵûѾãȴӵĴ֮һĹ棬֮أνǵ񡣡
ңǿչŵȻָƣϧǣҲлԵ컯ɴѱȡߣѳΪԪʱһ֮أֻ㾳ϹŶʸУ̫Σա
Ƿɽͳ֮أųĴԴ֮أ׷ԴĻҲ͹һЩϵ
ֻںܾǰԴ֮ѾݽߣǷͳҲᱻ׾ٵ̤ơ
⣬Ѱ𵱳ڹġżҲһȻ
ǰҲ֪£
Ѱ
ȻǷɽɽŸ𣬺͵˵ǿ޹أ̫ʱ֮ѲıԴݽߣؽŰǨС
ֲá
Ѱͷ֪ɽɽŸǿչŵͥ
걻̤ƵķɽţֻһտӰˣ˭ܰ쵽
ˣ뿪Ҳϡ
Ȼ
ѰǰҲ㽫Լ˽ԴԪ磿
ͷЦԭҲѴٹЩǰǿչŵһ⣬ǰʡڡ
ѰʹӦ
Ǳ衢Ӻȥطͽ¡
Ԫո󣬿ƾӡ
ѰʱطЦһ˭ԭµԪִˡ
Ѱһƴ򣬡Ϊβݣ
۵죬æĲѡ
ѰЦ׼һ£һ𷵻ǿչŵһˡ
Ҳȥ
Զ̲סڡ
Ȼ㲻ܡ
ѰЦ¡
Ʈҷ续ˡ
طһʮǰ˳̤ϲ;پС
Ѱȣ̸϶졣
ǺȣҲѿƽˡ
ûãѰطһ𷵻ض
Ǹˡ
ྐྵӣһ߰ɡ
κεԥ˼ȻֻǳһȦƵġ
ѰԪ̣Ҳʱеĸ顣
ңԨҲѰ£ɳ塢ľ塢׽һд
ǴʮͷѹεϺģԽԨһء
֮Ѱκ飬ܹõʱ䣬˷һ˿һ
죬Ѱ衢һ뿪Ԫ硣

ಣ
֮ĽǿУһҶѰһ˴ٶȼ죬һ˸ͺһƬǿգʱкУƾת֮С
ʱ
һ޴ĺǧɷΧĽɫŻҰУһبеһҽɫƵġ
ɴǧսʮŲءǡͨŻ֮һ
ѰԦһҶ۵ִ˳ͨɫŻҰһ䣬ʱ˳С
ǣ
Ϊǧսһؿ֮أͨһŦ
פ˳ǣʽУΪǹЩֻдǧսвҵĸֱ
Ȫ顢̵ЩҲǼֵԴ
ˣҲ಻רڳпͥڴˣΪǾܵڵһʱ˲ţ
֪ܹǧս򣬲ѪȺɱ¾ִʮŲصģɶһǿ
꣬Ѱһ·ӵһɱʮسǡ
ʱǾ۵۾
ʱǳѾԲڣ
ִ˳ǣѰҲ䣬ۣλڴ˳һΣ


2971 ʦͽ
ΰ׳ɣ˸ĹԼһ㰵ɫĹθ֣Ѫ㡣
ݴ˵ǹսǿʱµĵѪвѪ
ȻѸɺԣɢȻǳرȻɱڣɽӽ
޴ĳ¥ǧɣֺ磬͸һĵѹȸС
ǺɰʶɵһԴţ𺳡
⣬ǳǣ
񣬴ǧ޵ִĵطֻҪִӵзҡȥĻᣡ
ڵĽԹޱȣɭϣֵֺͷ֯ˮ
ѰǽһϢС
һ·ѰԺҲǸֳĻ档
꣬ڴ˳Ǽɥʧǣʦվ
뵽˳֮ġżжУͶǿ߽
ں¶ɿ֮٣֤۵澳һնɱ졢ƾЩԵڰľ֮
Ҳż⣬ɱ٣ʦӡʦվһ𱣻ţŽӹһ١
֣˿ĿѰҲпѡ
֪䣬սڵλá
սܹ۾սڴǧսеսѰһһ޳ң
սǰӰ
һϢǿʢɢѰƣеķɿеİ죬еٳеѲ߮䡭
Թ񣬵ܹǧսģǵ۾֮ϵΪ
ܹӵһأһ·ʹյִʮŲصģǵ۾׿ĸһĺˣ
ɣսģĸ
ң뵱꣬Ѱǰڴ˵زʱ֤۵澳񣬾˵ҫ۵Ĳླͷ
ꡣ
Ѱ
һڵ۾ﶼ۾ɫ졣
ɽв˳ѰʱעƪԺ£עұģ
ƣҰ
ҵɱ¾飬ִ⳯УնʣǵĴ棡
ԣɷǣ
һʱ䣬𣬽Գ־ơ
ѰǶһۣ¶Ц⡣
ݣȻЩеȤΪǵҲ߹ġ
󽭺ǰˣһʤˡ
衢¿ԺһһҪѰһ¼ûϣ
Բѡ
أһ䵭ڳЩɵĵ۾ﶼüĿˢˢȥ
ͼһ¸ڳλ֤۵۾񣬲мˣ
Щʲô˼
һ䣬֤۵۾񣬲мˣ
¸ɨڳˡ
һӣžˣԼѾʶ¸Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ôû˵
¸ˣֱӸǱɣѰǰ֤۵۾ʱв񣬲Ųİʱ䡣䣬еĴ󣬿Ĳͷ
֪ʲôвͷΪѾĴڣ
֪ʲôŴ򣬽֪
һ˵ѻȸ
Ȼĳ֤۵۾
İ֤Ѿ
Ŵ
ÿһ仰һɽݺѹڳЩ۾֮ͷе¶ɫеʧ
Ҳе¶֮ɫȻǺˣ֪Ѱĵϸƾһϯ˭֪Ǽ٣
¸벻ţȫǡ
˵գתȥ
һƺϤ
һп۵׵طȻ
ҵͽܣٲϤʦģ̫ˣ
Ѱ˵ţѾ׷ȥ
֮ǰǽϢڳ֮ʱѰ׷ȥʱ¸ʱͷҲصô붯֣⳯ǣȥ
ƽȴ֮ɫ
һЦ𣬡Ӵô겻Һҽаˡ
¸һ𣬻Ȼת忪˵ģʱ֮ǰƽݵɫϣƵظֳһĨȻӶһɴ
죬ŷӦƵģʧʦ
ѰЦ˵ҲˣڸոҲŵִ˳ǣȴ룬Сӡ
ǰ¸꣬հף
ʱ겻հ̤۵۾ӵаΪ۵澳ҲԶ
Ѱ⡣
عŻֽڵ۹سԡѪսհ׾ȻأʱհףҲֻ׼۾С
Ҳһٶʱѣհ׾ѳ˾۰ص۾ڣȷܴ
ȻһֱԪеƽȵĻЩѷɫˡ
ϾһǱǿչŵСɢһСԪ̵õһϹϤࡣ
հɱ¾ѪĥʺľƽԶԶ޷ġ
ʱط½
˵Ǹհ׵ͽܣط´հף档

Ѱ˵ţհ׽ܸˡ
հֱ˿̣оƵġ
Щ꣬ǿգӵһһ·ɱ⳯ǣһ·ߵʦ
Ҳʱ㽣ʦʱһ龰
뵽⳯УȻͺʦˣ
̫⣬Ҳܾϲ
߰ɣҸطúġ
ѰҲкܶհס
ʦԵȡ
հɫ΢΢ЩڣҪһˡ
˭
Ѱü
ڴʱԶһöԭ㾹
һӰ޳𪣬ģ˵Ů
ѰʱϳŮǹϪ
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հüͷ𣬡ʦڴԵȣȥȥ
˵ţѳ
ϪҲ֮Һһ𡣡
һ׮С¶ѣϪʦ˵
հŶ


2972 澪
հ׸߳䣬ͽŹϡ
еհ٣ΨԹԵسԺȡ
ӣҪҪȥ
̲ס
ѰҡͷԼɡ
ƨɲŸȣͱţͽǳ鷳¿Ҳٰ
طһڡ
ѰЦǿߵ֮·ذѪȷ硣Щհܹ⳯ǣһ·Ҳǽ˲ٳСɱ⳯ʱǳ鷳࣬
ϪǰԼǣհҲ˵һзǴеĥʯӲ鷳ֻĥʯࡣ
Ѱοдľڡ
ʵǺʱ뿪ĹŻ򣿡
Ϫʮǰʱ򣬵ʱհ֤۵۾һԶĵ;ʹҺǿգǧսǵһζ·հ׽˵һУһ·ͣͣ񣬲ſִ⳯ǡ
ʮǰ
Ѱ뿪ʱּҾΣ
Ԫ̱չأΪ;׼ȸΪ˸ľǱĲͷǰŻͼºйصѡ
轫һö򽻸ѰԾתңҴݵԪС
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ҲѰĵһɨա
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ֻʮǰʱһֲǿͻȻ½磬ҪץѰйصһѡ
ʱ֮ϳһʱִּڵԪʼڣϢ֮ʶܹһɱǰȫ׵۹г롣
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ʮңհ׺͹Ϫ̣뿪˹棬ʼһǰǧս֮·
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հĹϪ򣬵֪ǵҵİΣЩ飬Լá
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ûиհףѰ뿪ʱһöⲻɱ٣ֻΪ߶ɡ
Ȼǰ˽飬֪Է飬Ȼ¡Ϫĸп

֣ͽܵȷܲ򵥡
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·ϣѰûٵ飬ԦһҶۣڶ̶һʱͺǧսʮŲأǧС

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һҶѰһ˺˶ǿλ棬Ѱƣʱ䣬˳ִǿչŵ
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Ҳпܡ
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˵⣬ҲûȹϢǧ綼֪ˣ֮ǰЩˣӦöСһǰһ̽
գѰüʮǰʱ򣬹вˣ


2973 ֮
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ȫ·һ·ϣҲԽԽӰԺǿУХȺƵģɷ׳ۡ
ֻЩӰܿͱѰԦһҶ۳Խǿʧããǿա

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ӸճҶеĽɫץȥ
һ˲Ҷз֮ɫ
Ҳһ˲һεӰҶǰҶǰþòˡ


2974  ů֪
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2975 ֮ŭ
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Ϊף뿴Žȥʹ㽣իƴ
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ǽ쾸ԶǣһĻݺ𺳣һ˵
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žѻȸ
˻ôֻẦǽϣǿҴ㽣իԿ
һ仰쾸Զһ
ڴʱһЦʲôƨĴ㽣իҲвӣǡ֪η
ͼѰطӰ½߽ڵط
ڱѹڵصķǰ¸㣬ֲ֮Ĵӽիˣȫһڡڣ㻹лĻ𣿡
ⲻܣɫױˡ
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ط̽һ򣬹ӰתֳһĻ
ĻУ޵Ӱǵذƾնǧ֮ڣǿƥ
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ѰӰ֣赭дһ䣬ǧ֮ڵĴ㽣իǿߣٷ籩ΪǿپЩѰľž棬˲Ϣ֮ɢ
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⿰ƾװһĻֱһشеĽҵ÷飬˶бĸо
Ҳɵۣʧǡ
ɵֵĴ㽣իǿߣ㱻׾ɱˣ
ʱ쾸Զ˶ϳǳɱ㽣իѰһʧء
ĻˣǵܵѰǣۣǽȻѡ˺ͽƲϵ


2976 ߴ
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ѰȻãģ㽣իֵһӣصĸʲô鷳
µ˵ͷ
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ѹڷϵĵһ𶯣ͷųĽ⽫Ƶ飬Ԫ
һλǰѪȵһĻ̼ڳϵĴǶһ
ͨͨ
ʶĽ˽Թڵأģ
£ҲΪ룬ϲҪ㽣իЩ岮֪ԭ£һ·
ǰ㻹ǵǿ㳤ģСʱ򻹽ڹе
ְ
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طҲ߳
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ʱһνϽǣȥּҵڲ顣
ǰ磬ڵĶԹ
Ԫڲ缲
飬жżʡ
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ѰЦˣҶǲʲôֻҪÿԭǣ㹻ˡ
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꣬ΪѰȻѡ廮ϵʱһֱԼߣһ·ѪȣκԹԣҲӲԼκҪ
ѰĿܲж
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һУѰûеκʱ䣬·

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ȵط޵ߵĵбػ٣ؼҲѵһϡҩľֻʮ꣬ɶһЩе޵߶ԣȵؾУػڵ;Ϸҡϣͻơ
Ѱǲֱ֪ʲôˡ
֣ʮǰʱּ¿ɶǰ棬ǷżУһʱȻıȻּҡ
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ɲŹ澪ϢɢǧǿλĶɶ˹
Űɣʱƣ渽ĺעһһֵϴơЩռһ˵׼ͱˡ

ЩõѰҲܵһֲһա
λ꺣ٲȻ˸ɱһ⣬˭ڴռɽΪƿһսɱ¾ҲƵƵطš
ѪȶľƣѰЩּЩˡ
ǣһЩ顣
طֱץסһڿֵʻ
һۣҲһ۵棬ڲླ֮ĴˡطһץסԾ֮࣬ŭ
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طֱʡ
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ӸҪش𣬾ͱһѰϣЩҪ㣬ЩǷɱеġؽ硯
ͫһԾ˵Ԫʼڵĵ̣
Ѱطһۣ˵ͷ
ӵԪʼڿһѿеĹͷǰʱߴɱȥΣɶ˷ؽ֮⡣˵ǷɽͳϳѹˣߴҲֻܸɵۡ
ȷؽûбƿĻѰû˼ȥĵĵɢ١
ҲǴʱظ֮С


2977 
ӺȻˣ˵һʱ䣬פڹڵߴͽԪʼڷһֹ
ط͵Цǻ°
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˵ǰߴ˴εжɲС˵ǽȫ֣ÿԻЯһĪرҪһٽԪʼڵġؽ硯ƿ
طŶһĿ⿴Ѱ
лˡ
Ѱ׸һʹطǳԶȥ
סû뵽ֻǻشһЩ֪ѣ͵õʹ͡
ͷǰƴСɫɽɫʱˡ
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ӵһɿһۣɫؽɫɽսС֮ǰЩˣȴǲؾ
ֶһЩˡŶֲͷ
Ц촹࣬һ׮Եҵͷϣ
ľ۵ԣܵõһѺ͵õһ׮컯ûʲô

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˵ͳһƺšԨۡĴｨ˷ɽˣܶǰ͹ھǿչŵ£ӵ࿰ƴ׳٣Ϊǿչŵһ𡣡
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֣û뵽ѹﶼ֤ˡطԾ
ѰҲΪϲãѪֻʼıԴѪϴһڹŻʱ֤۾ѹȥһٶ꣬ټϹľ䣬ܹ֤࣬Ҳ˳µ顣
ط̲ס˽һۣȴ߰ţκ쳣Űɿ
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һٶˣǻƺӡԨ֪ۡΪݣǷŻɡЦȻ
ѰЦһٶѣһЩϼһԣһαչصʱ䣬ɶҶԣһٶɷ̫̫飬ǵѡǰ磬Ǹӵн֮ɾ͡
澪䣬ǿչŵȷòͬˣǺȣվࡣ
طΪȻҺ¹ǰԪ磬Ҫ׵̤ϲ;עǲܵ顣
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࣡
ǧǿλ޵߶ԣѿĴˡ
żҿѰڵ
ط½ϢԶԶվţûע⡣
λҵ֣ؿһٴƷؽϣϷֻһСС飬ɱ뷽ؽ󣬶Ҫ̾еԪʼ̤𣡡
һλۺڷƾնһϹת񶦣ˣ
Եˡ
һԪʼڣȴռ컯Щһֱҵǰ̽˵оŭԹղҵͷ֮ޣ
һЩɱڣɱ⣬ϵĲƳҰ˷ơ
Զ޵߽Ժһϣʶսп֮ս
ߴһԸԪʼڣɿܳŵס
طˣЦԾԾԣ֣Ҫھȥʰˣ
µҲپΪһܶԸôϼһ
طû£ǵĲ;ܺһ𣿸ο뿪ʱҼҸҲɱﵣ㶪һ֣ܽǷַɱϰٴΣ
һЦ
ԲѣȥȽԱ赲ڴˣڻöۣ
أгһӰЦ˲񷣬ϵ¶ĻһֿŵϢɢ
һϮۣӲӵģò㿡ҡڵڹ֮ϣĿɨڳȺۣˡ
ǽ̬ȫĿ


2978 ֮
ۼһ˰ȺۣطȻһ˭Ű
ѰЦֵܣһҽϸһᣬϹʱڳλ꺣ʱһǰλ꺣ʱʶԺͿʼһ¡
з׷֮ɫҲʶԾѣͬʦһǰλ꺣̽ա
ʱ򣬴ҷ绪ïͷɡ
һΣʱȥˡ
ֲá
طЦѰύֵܣѰ
һԪʼҲסˣΪ𼱻ǵˣ
ǳۺڷ俪ڡ
ߴĲһʮˣ˿ƾɹңң˽һϡ
һȻЦҿǶסˣžҪֹעһɣ
ۺڷߣܹҪһ˶ϡ
һȻЦȻˣҵһ飬Ϊ˫ֲҪһԶΣ
ôģ
ۺڷü
һ˼ߴѡˣԪʼѡˣԾԪʼӮˣӴ˵س룬Ԫʼˣٲǰ̽ж
һʱ䣬ۺڷǶЩԥˡ
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Ǽǧ֮ڵߴǿߣҲֻǰһڣ岻ܿƵطˮƵʧѰڡ
գۼ䣬ߴ˼ֱ˼ˣûκһ˿ۼ


2979 ʽط
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飬ĲģǸ᲻¡
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Գ֣ѵ
У͵˷ޱȵļУԨۣˣ
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ԣһǵԨۣԪʼڱΪּۼԪʼΧڴ˿̶Ҳ֮е顣
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Щǿ߽ĲѣѰİԵֶ壬ߴڻ֮ɨǵ˭ܲɵ
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ϢɢѹȺ޵ǣԲȼϣЩѵһ١
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2980 Ѿƻ
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ԴǨӵⷽؽԪʼںּµһ飬Բٳ֡
ˣؽƣ޷Ǿһսǿɲߴ
һ࣬ɫȣڡ
һѾǰսǴӦԶģֱӭж⡣̩ڡ
Ҿ͵ǲӦˣصĻԵ̫󣬾ǲҲ񡣡
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ˣҿƻûصǵȵزıߴɱţҲû·ѡ

˵أ͵˷ʦŵأǣעܡ
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⣬Ծʹֹһ飬ȴ飬ЦŵͷѾշ˵ķԸ˶Ѱ
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ڱչǰַѾ̤۰ؾĿ
츳֮ߣ֮ѣ֮ǿǿչŵǾĴڣͬиš޵Сĳƺţ


2981 ַı仯
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2982 
ڣѰԶֿ⣬һ˵ҹɫеķż
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нж檵飬һЩϼһһˣӭȢ֪ٽ檣̫ˡ
ң޵פǿ󣬸С⡣

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һӣѰֻľЩ΢ı仯


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Ϊһλ߳ڡ
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Դӹ澪䱬֮Ԫʼɽͳ˻ұ֮أǰᣬ֪Ѫɱ
գԪʼɽٶһսսĻʬأѪ续
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ʤһһλЦ־
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˲аЦҵҪҺΣ
©
һ̣˾Ŀ֮·ĲҽУһ۵εĵУڽٹ»ҽƮ
ڽһʱ龰ϵݣ֮УܻΪһּͳ
ɵǳȥԿһأܵϽٹɱ
ֱǿ޵̸߲ܵĻ֮ϵĿֲ


2984 
ڰ硣
һϮȹӤ̧ף񷡣
֮ǰҲ˫о֮̾࣬ҲǷһ˿Ц⡣
һ統ǰ㣬Ӥһ쵽µһѪɡ𪾧Өļ֬Ƶģپޣ쾱ѩ޳ǣеߵȻ
ƣҪȥ
أӤע⵽Ƴȥһ͵ӡ
ȥѰСӣ϶Ѽˣҵ˽⵽˵״
˷ܵشС
ȵȣҺһ𡣡
Ӥ˵ţڿŲƶ𣬳׷ȥ

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һ糱ˮ޵ӰһƬǿС
Դǧǿλǿߣһ𣬻һ֧ԺɨµĴ
ǲʮλ
ǰѰһɨƽߴϢһǧ䶯Ȼ󲨡
һ֧Ƶ޵ߴΪԸѰ
ֻǣ˿Ƕ㣬ɫòҲѹ֮
֮ǰ˫ǺҲһ֧޵ߴÿͷصǲ
Դ˿̿ʼϢһ·Զ֣һս˼޹
Ϊһһ´
һ仰˽Ȼ֮࣬е
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ȻѰؿµǿ£ȴǲò͵ͷ
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Ϊ׵ĺͳޱȵļɵ˵ڴǧ磬УҲֻеڰĲͷܹӵ
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¶֮ɫֵԨȵĿֲڣϲܳõǿչŵԺ£ɲ˭˵㣡

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áӤʹӦ
һ죬ѰӤʹư˷ؽС
Ҳһ죬ط·أһģˡ
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Ҵǰһһ⡣
죬ԾҵѰ˵ԼĴ㡣
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㡣
Ѱһ˼ʹӦ
˴ηǿչŵĿľҪһѣѾžۣҲයһʱ䡣
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һʱҪæµ̫࣬ȥǹһˡ
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ѰȻؿһۣͷһμӦȥ顣
ѽ飬Ҳܲܡö
Ѱٸο飬仯̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ򣬳Լ֮⣬ɸκˡ


2985 Ŵɴ
ԾѺһ뿪ˡ
ڣѰҲʲô
ϾսܻɱѾԲڣһź֮йصĽٳ֮֡
ǧսУϲˡ
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׸
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ʯȴ𻰣ЦظѰ˸к塣
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ҲԣʺӭȢˡѰа
ʯʯŮʯʱͽύĺѣַܹʯŽϣȻǼõ顣
Ȼ黹ÿַʯǷͶϡ
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ǽȴѰϤޱȵĸоһתսʥ̽ȥ

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Ѱ̤۾֮󣬾ͿʼȥԼĵ;ʦ𷽴֮ôνࡣ
νʦţпˣˡ
۾֮ǰȥѧϰʦŴУֻҪ̤ϵ۾ֻܿԼȥ
ΪҪڴ˾ߵԽԶҪԼĵ۾
ѰԼڵ۾ʱͿˡ¯
зɽľŴɴУ㵹ǿڴ˲һȨѧϰɡ
Ѱ˵
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ַҲĶ־Ƶף˵ĴųƹδУ£ҵȷʶʶ
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ѰһѹƵ۵澳ɫƽ
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ΪѲͬУҲս⡣
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Сʱʼоһ߲ʵĴɽֱַĶԸҲǳĽѡ
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˿ַ̣ھ۵澳УȻ޷ܸףҲԱֲܣ
Ȼ
ʵվǲпġ
Ƭַ̣ͱһȭȥӰģɫ㵡
ٿԶѰ̬ƽ
ҪҪѰʡ
֮ƾ˵СվǲһЩ

ַɫƽ棬Ϣֳһּڵļ
飡
ûãַһƴգڵϣնմҳЩǱ
ŵǾ۵յ
ѰЦеԸ㣬һмڶòε
ַһ鴤ҧ
飡
飡
飡
ʱУַһһαÿһζǱûиˣѰ᲻ðԼˡ
ֻҪɱһɱСӵİĥһĥľĿľﵽˡ
ãַͷɢڴϢţվɫһ𲻶
ˣѰʡ
ַЦףֲŰ֪ΪΪ֮ǿɾ̫ˡ
սֶһЩ覴ãӰ첻󣬹ףĵǷȱĥȱһִѪаơ
ѰǰһƵݸַָ㣬֮ˣ֪νԼǱܺͼ޳ھҲĥռأ˵ָͽ̵ԶԼȥ
˶٣˵֮޷Ǿһ仰
ַ̲סʲô
Ƿʰ
ƮƮֱ֣޼᲻ݵ㣬ַĵĽϡá


2986 㷨
ַ񣬲κ֮ͬС
һǻ֮ܽմܣγѰ㣬ľһˡ
ãַ¶һĨɫл׵ͷȣڴ˿Ȼ򡣡
ѰǷԸһֻޣ
ַһǺ⣿
Ѱѵ조ֻ硱н޵г
գַһϻ飿
ѰЦԸ⣬ڱɽ롣
ֻУʱַ롣
Ը⡣
ַԥӦ
Ѱַ֣ͽڵġֻ硱ڡ

ʱǰһˡ
ѰŲڷؽУ˾ϡ
ܿ죬ҵط¡ϸ򡢰³ˣԼľ˵򷽴ؽ硣
Ѱ뿪˷ؽ硣

Ĵ֮һ
Уÿһ֮ˮضԭʼĹ֮ڡ
ʱѰ˵ʱ򣬹ܣֱɽֱޡߡԱὡ
ÿһɽɽɣͨǺ½ӾģĪ⡣
ֻѰ֪̫ʱ汾ԴĿݽߣҲùһзı䡣
ǴеɽѲټ
вֻСؽ硱лؾ磬ǰʱѰ̽Ѱ
Щ澪ıǹױ񱩵ûҲûܹȥ
ԽˣԽѰ档
ڣǱϢ׭̡ӡ̡
Ǿһ㾳佣Ȼأ㲻Ϣ
ѽǴӹӳ
ৡ
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ӹЦʦܣһ澪ŸճʮʱѣЩ㾳µǰױģʮ꣬϶ټЩѪ顣
˶٣ڶǶԣֹɽϵѪ飬ɽϵġʬɽϵġ׻ꡯɽϵġ֡ԱɽϵġױɶǴ컯
˻
Ѱʡ
ӵΪǽˣܵõεĴ
˵ţóһ
һ͸ӨѪɫʯƵƷ͸ֶʯСԣӿϢ
ӵʦ㿴ǸղűһѪ㱾ԴŲɹĺôȱжҲ
Ѱ̽ùһҲ⶯ݣ˱̺Ϣ̸Ӵ󣬵ȴŨޱȡ
ѪʯԴ㾳Ѫ֮Ųɹĺô
ӷɿʬ׻ꡢ֣ױԱ㷨꾧ʯֱÿһֶŲͬá
ȼı㾳￴ôߣ۾죡
˵ţһסѰļ򣬺ɵڣЩԵʦֵˣǣγ޷֤㣿
ѰҲһ󷭹޿ɣһеȷǾĴ컯
ֻǡ
Ŀһʦڴ˶꣬Ҳ˲컯ˣΪΪȴһֱڳѾԲΣ
ɫһͣ˵ʦܣǻԵٶ֤𵽵ҲֻǸãΨ͹̣ľȱ֤Ĺؼ
ѰЦʦԼǡ
ӱЦ涼Щ鲻סˣ˵ҪҪһȡԵɡ
Ѱ˼Ȼ
ߣҴȥɽһӵȥ

ɽǰ
ֹʦ㿴ɽأѪڣżܼӰѪ顣Ըϲֳ̫󶯾ǾͻȺɱ
˶٣˵ҾɽǰһȥһѪ׻꣬ɽɱ󣬱ѹˣνѴ֮Ҳصա
˵գƳѰһۣƺҪһѰĿޡ
ȴѰüĻһѪ׻겻Ϲô죿
ӵȣϹʱ򡣡
Ѱҡͷ̫ˣҺ˷ʱ䡣
ûǿ㾳ѪġѪ顯׾ٱɱֽɫôѵ㻹ɱɽϲɣ
˭룬ѰǵͷܽѪ飬ɱɽкβɣ
۾ƲʶѰ㣬СʦܣʲôʱĿñҶˣ
Ѱ΢΢Цʦ֣Ѫǻ𣿡
ҡͷǵûУֻѪ飬ȴֻһɲбޱȵɱ¾ִ̸ʲôǻۿԡ
ѰЦǾûˣߣɽơ
˵ţǰȥ


2991 Ѫ
һæ׷ȥʦܣⲻ̫ðʧˣ
ʦ֣֪ˡ
ѰһЦ˵һӿն𣬳ɽȥ
Ŷû棬ͱôţ
üۼѰӰҪʧҶ룬ҲӶȥͬʱ
ô˵ѰʦܣΪʦ֣ԲῴѰȥޱȵɽ
ɽ󣬺بɽѪ
ѰȥʱܵһɬĹصˮɽÿһط
ѵʦܣǡ֮һǹ汾Դ֮һԳΪѪ򡯣ȥҲܵѪĴʱ
˵꣬ͼѰϲ෨ת׾ٵصѪ򡱵һ̤ɽ
ɵͥŲ
ӴסˣֱģԼһͣѪҪԼΪСʦܲ
ƣڱ˰ɣ
ʦ֣ΪβˣѰŤͷɻ
һע⵽ѰϵĲ෨תĻѪ򶼵γһհ׵ش
ˣͿԼ谭ؿȥ
ʦܣⲻ෨򾹶ܿˣһ߹һ̲ס
Ѱ˵ͷԼʦ֣Եú̹ȻĴ󲿷ⲻ෨ͺ˲һˣţѲѷɫˡ
⻹Ѱǫˡ
ǰ֮ص·ϣЩռ㷨ò෨һı仯֮һй֮޲
ɼˣɲ⵹һһҶۺˡ
˵ʵ
Ѱ뷽ɽ֮ǰͬУ츳ߣǿųơһ
ǡ
ԴѰһҲԵòˡ
˱˰Ӱֹ
ʦ֣ƾٶȱҿ죬ԱҸߣǱʦѹ£Ĵ裬עԶԶֹˡ
ѰһЦ˵ţһѵɽ·ȥ
Ķʱ٣ЦǺǵʦܣ⻰˵Ĳ
˵⣬ɫһ䣬ʦСģ
ԶУͻȻһӰϢֲޱߣ㾳ѪġѪ顱
˵ʱʶǰ߶ҪѰɱС
ľٶѰһů
ৣ
һѪɱһɺ磬ģģѪɫӰɣʱɱɢѰ
ʦԣѪ֮㾳־඼Ҫǿʮٱ
˵ֻбڣǼһ¶Ƕ֣
ˣ
ӳͷųããĹ⣬ѪʱͱУŭ
ѰѪҲ޼£ѹסգ۾ͱڡ
û뵽ܡѰ̾
ǰʱȫһ͵Ĵֿ⣬ûзӳ̫ܡ
ЦʦܣҲ㣬ʦӡˣЩܶõĽֻǴ˱һġ⡯Ȼޡ
Դӵż⣬ʦڴе־౻ѺķӡҲ֮⿪ڣҶõľǴʮŲġε⡯ɶԸѪ顣
ΨһȱݾǣĵУֻܶΣÿһֻܽһѪ顣
˵⣬Ӳźذһ͡
жٲ㣿Ѱסʡ
ʮŲ㡣ӵʦκ飬Դ֮ΪʮĲۣʹڡʮ㡯νʮľţȥһˡ
ǷɽԭʮŶ츣أʮŴˡ
˵⣬ӿѰһۣʦܣܹʦΪͽܣεһ˰ɡ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣侴ʦ𣬵ȴӲЩǷڤڤעҲ۴֮ݱ䣬пʼڣֻҵ縡ơ
Ĵָ˵ĺã޵վ飬ʦҲ˵ӲزʦĴ϶飬þЩӱҪȥѭģԺĿʤʱ򣿡
пֻǣЩҪԽʦﵽĸ߶ȡ»һμ·Ҫߡ
˵ţԱߵѰͫһǰ·ϣسһֲ֮Ϣʮ
һ㶣ˣеҾ˵ˣ̤ɽѪȺŹǿߣ
˵ţҪɽȥ
һȺѪɱ¾Ҳס
ʱѰȴһǵߣһʦ֣ɡ
ಣ
ʮѪӰɱÿһѪ죬ͷųϢֲ
ǵһĻˣдУʦܣ𣡿߿ߣ
ȴѰ˿ֱʮѪɱʱԥˡ֮šͨ
䣡
ɷΧʱŻӿֶһͨԨĴڴ˿̿ɢļµĹ⡣
һ̣ʮѪͳ˷֮ڣͶȺգۼʧӰ١
ԭޱȣȫ׼Ŀ࣬ڰ⡭ʲôͨ
һ˲ЩֲɱʦֵܵʮѪʧˣһʱ䶼Щµĸо
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
֮ţԨĵĽ׶츳ͨ
Ѱڽһ£֮СΪһĨӰɿʦ֣ҵͨɢץʱ䣬ɨ
˵ţͳǰȥ
Ӵǳ鴤ֱ˿̣㳹ףΪѰŵصɽˡ
һ෨Կ⡰Ѫ򡱡
յͨ㣬׾ٵؽЩѪյ
Ա˶ԣɽ֮أ㾳־Ҳûʲô
ɶѰԡ
ȫһƾ۳ҵԳЩﻹͶ
ʦܣȵҡ
侲ͷҲù
ЩһֱͰ͵ضɽԶϿУò׵ȵ澪٣ȴҪɱѪ飬˼Ѻա
ֻܶɽ⣬һȥѪ飬һһξܳɹҪȥȴ
ʱãһʱܲһѪ顣
ʱǺķʮµʱ䣬ҲܲԵһͷѪ顣
£ѰıȴӸеһᡪ
һȫԴɨĻᣡ
ɨɽϵѪ飬ɽϵʬɽϵĲ׻ꡢɽϵĴ֡ԱɽϵױȥɽϵĻԵʦֵܶ˵ˣ
Խ룬оԽ·𿴵֤ڳԼˡ


2992 ɨ
ڣѪɫϼ
ΡɽϣѰٶȷɿǰӡ
ৣ
һѪʩչͱ֮Ŵߣɵľһ㡣
ӽѰӷ
ͷųУĶԴ;Ѫ飬Ѱɨ
Ȼһջʼ
ǰе·ϣǷֲɽͬϵѪԱһһѪɫˮɱ
һ⣬ԱѰķ֮ߡ
̶һӡ
ͱʦֵܶȡʮѪ飬ջ˾ӣݹϲ
Ѱġ֮šľӶʱʦܣҪҪ뿪ɽЪϢһ£
Ѱҡͷû£Ǽʦ䵱նʰЩ
ն
ûصѰһۣȻԼһ·ϵȷݵնĽɫܲܲ˵ƣ
ȻʱɲѰײ󡰷ߡʱǵóԿ
ˣ
Ѱٶȴ߶֮ͨʦֵܶٴγǰ·ɨȥһ·ϵҲԽԽĬ
ѰѣһϸСһĶӶ⣬ʱȡӦж
Ѱ̾ʦڴⷽ棬һѺ֣
š
һӺѰķ֮ͨٴһգϣһֱ뿪ɽ
û취Ҳء
ϿȶС
Ѱϥָһж
жԼĪаʱȡʮѪ飬ɨɽҵ򡭡СʦһʱҪָ
˼⣬Ļڶܽɽɨȫɨһ飡
뵽⣬һʱЩ겻ѡ
ڴ̻꣬ȡѪעԶԶȲѰĶ̶֮

Ѱһָʦֵܶûκηϻٶȳɽɱȥ

Ԥϣ̶죬ɽﷶΧͱһ·ɨһ飬εɽϵѪҲΪ
нӽ
Ҳζţǽõӽٿ顰Ѫʯ
ʦܣˡ
ɽأóһƵݸѰúЪϢһ£εжӹΰʦ벻С
ѰһһЦʦ֣ģЩѪѪʯһݣڿɲǹϷֵʱ򡣡
һʶʲôǴһɽҲɨˣ
Ѱ˵ͷ
ɽ伫֮󣬿ɵѪȴʱѣͱɨһ飬õѪҲֻӽѡ
ã
һĴȣ־ǽȥɽɽӾǧϷֲŹıԴ֮һ򡯣еʬ㾳ս֮Ѫ鶼ҪǿһЩʦķ֮ţԸǱؿԲѴ֮
٩٩̸ɽ״һ顣
ѰĻӦܼ򵥣һ֣ߡ

ɽ
ϺڣʯᾣӵɽŤĲ̾ϡ
ϸŵıԴɽȫһҲסѰĲ෨
̤ɽûãѰͼһʬ
￴һλߣƣ಻һԴɵббعڲϣԵޱ졣
ϣŲƵȾѪۡ
ǰ֮ص·ʬ鲻һʬȻƣȴġ
ңʬϢޱȹֲŻĿɱ¾
ʱ֮ڣȼƵģһƻӳֱҪɽӣ
ҪѪѲ
Ѱá֮šͨҲ˲ýʡֱǧɷΧʬȥ
䣡
ʬֲ䱻֮ûҲ÷֮ŶһҶ
ãʬҲǣۼѰܣֱӺҪ֮ŴƣѰɱ
һ׺֮Ҳֱð亹
ãﻹǱ̵֮Ҳ龪һ
һͷʬĵ֮ŽӽɵȥĻʩչһη֮ţҲֻܶԸͷʬ
Ѱ΢΢ü
ʦܣ֪ɣ֮ЩɴӲҴʬ⣬ɽϵġ֡¡
̾
Ѱ˵ͷûжǰС
Ѫ飬ɽϵʬҪ̫࣬ɨ˽ӽһﷶΧҲֻѰȡͷʬһҲء
֮£ֻ뿪Ͽȶлָ
º
ѰӲŽɽɨһ飬ƲȡʮͷʬĻԶԶ޷ȡѪȡ
ɰӵ˵ÿһʬζϸԪһλ㾳У
ʬܵõλ㾳ġ㷨򡱣
ȻעǲģҲޱϡԶѪʯɱȡ

ɨɽɽʦֵܶ˲δ֣ͣһ󣬾ɱ򷽺ɽ
ɽֻоǧﷶ룬֮վͣһСꡱıԴ
׻ͷֲڴɽУν׻꣬ϸԪ㾳
׻Ŀ䷱࣬ȳȺƵģƺƵ
Ϊ㾳ʱѱΪĩЩ׻ԪϢ
ԶѪ飬ԶԶ޷ʹʬȣΨһ˼ɵĻĿڶˡ
ⲢѲѰ
з֮ڣȡЩȺӵĲ׻꣬ҲʹȺûʲô
졣
ɽϵĲ׻ͱɨһա
Ѱͣ㣬ֿʼĿɽϵġ֡ԼԱɽϵġױϡ
ɽϱԴСֲܹһ޵յΪ
ֲɽϵĴ֣㾳Ϊս֮ǿȻѷɫʬǣȴӵսܣսֶμ࣬ҲʬΪѲ
Ѱķһ䣬Žɽϵʮͷһһȡ
Աɽϣ򸲸һСıԴ򣬴ɽһ޴ޱȵֲһʡɱڵĲױ
ЩϸԪ㾳ǿߵıȻ鲻ÿһȾѪս޾£ɢɱ֮㾳֮κ飡
ЩױԣȴӵвͬһЩױʱͻأɱƿֲ֮
ѰڶԸʱҲüβգҿɷ֮ڣֻҪڷ֮ŸǵУƾЩױжһͻᱻ֮ڡ
ѰǺķѶʮʱ䣬ŽԱɽɨһ飬£õʮױ
Ȼǲȱġ


2993 ջ
ˣ
ԱɽϷأӲЩ㱣ҲЩδ
ǰǰܹӽµʱ䣬Ѱһ½ޡߡԱɽһһɨ
ԻѪ顢ʬ׻ꡢ֡ױĿۻ׳ۡ
ƾ˫
Ϊȴ컯ֻ֮زӵС
ӶԣΰĲʵС
̶̲£ͽɽĻԵɨһ飬֮ǰɸû뵽
ֱضŽ侲
Ŀ̵ؿѰʦܣд˻Եʦֵܺγ޷֤㣿
ѰҲϲòѡ
û뵽̽Ѱ澪жõһ׮Ĵ컯
ңǰǰ˳δ̫Σա
ʦԵȣȥ֮ſһ
Ѱ˵ţת֮ͨ
ȵȣҲһȥơ
æʱѾʶѰŽͨǿͺ棬֮ھһط
Ѱһɵøߣǵѡ
˵ţѾжʧǷ֮ڡ
֮硣
ҝУӵɫһʱͱˣܵһֲֿѹƺͽӰܿƵسԶȥ
Ѱһǽӽɢ
Ӿ긦ʦܣʲôط
Ѱ֮磬ڴ˵ؾҶ
ҲӲ졣
Ѱͷ֮أΨƿط֮ͨܿ˽磬Ӷƿش˽硣
ɹڴ˽ѰҲ
ܿ죬ʦֵܶ˾նʬС
˲Ϣ䣬ҫ۵ĴӳǵҰУͼնʬ̸УǸʽı飬Ȼҫۡ
ӵд𺳡
ѰҲһĻ޵
ɨɽʼȡκԱ֮磬ȥ㡣
˿̵ôıʱҲۻҡ
Ƭ̺Ҫȥռȴ͵һ𣬱նʬ̵ĥѰʱ֣ͱһһС
⡭ǹ
Ӵסֱնʬ̣ʦܣ֮Ҳ̫˰ɣ
𺳣ʵ޷һƬأزɲĹ֮
ңƬУѰ׾ٵƿغô˵صһ
̫˼ˡ
ѰҲ֪ôͣҲýˡ
һӡ

Ǹָı糱ˮ㳯ӿӵעҲһӱ
㣬Ѫʯİپʮ飻
ȱġ㷨򡱶ʮ
ʯʮ˿飻
ʯǧİٿţ
Уĵ㷨򡱣㾳һ۵ķȻǲģҲһȱˡ
Ѱ֮ǰЩʬƬ㷨򣬽ֻ㾳һһСѣҲԶԶ޷ʹʬġ㷨ȡ
Щ㹻ҽ෨򳹵״ز˰ɣ
Ѱа
ʦ㿴ʯ㾳Ϊ̵ޱȵȺۺһ룬һ㾳ӵеΪǸǺεӴ󣿶񣬿ɶССһʯС
һһŰƴСͨ͸ŻϢʯɿѰܡ
ŵ˵һʯ͵ڼȡһλ㾳ڵΪȻȫҲ㹻ˡ
ȻֻǳѾҲԴʯмȡ֤㾳ҲŲɹá
˵ţһŸ뵰СɫʯƵⱦ˲ã㾳Ļۣ̤㾳ô˱㷨ʲ
ѰҲڴЩ
ѪʯԴѪ֮Ӷĥá
԰Щױȥˣ
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Ѱ˵ţͳǰŲƶȥ
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ÿһ֣ԴŹǬɷѤá
Щϣһϵϲһ
ǷֱɲͬױҪ֪ÿһױƶɣ㾳ʹ֪¡
ЩױȻѲƣɢϣɿ屦
ӵ˵ʮȫʮġߡã
ߣѾ൱һĳˡ
ѰͽЩ
׼뿪ӺȻʵʦܣ䱦ֲʲô
Ȼ䱦򣬵֮ŵ޵ߣ˻ᱻնʬĥ𣬶ϵıᱻ䱦ȡ
ѰĽ͵
ֲһ̾䱦򡭡ϾĹ̤㾳˹Լ㷨Уսʱȡ˵ı̽ȡ
Ѱһⷬ統ͷȣʶһ£԰Լ̤㾳ʱȫԽ֮ĥ䱦򶼲ˣ
ʦܣ֮Ƿ
ʡ
С
ѰһһԶȥ
ûãһҰããٲӳҰС
ٲԾ֮⣬ƺƵк£ããĹҝޱ׳ۡ
ʱ֮
һȫʱٲؼ䣡
һ̣ӳ״סдƵ𺳡
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һϰĽɴ񾹻ٲ֣һۿɼĹ
㾳¶ᾪ°͡
֪۾֮·ܸʱǽֻƤëҲֻǸġ
Բʱ֮ҪƿأɼǺʵ֡
Ψ㾳ڣȥƿʱֻ֮ǣܹʱ㷨ģȴ޼
ʦܣĲ֪˽ãӲ̲סʡ
һصأȴӵĥ䱦ʱֱֹ̫˼顣
ñһУȴӵûʲô
Ҫ֪ڵھУҲֻӵһ
ѰҡҡͷʦֵľȣڼһʱҲҲ棬֮羿λ
ӳĬƬ̣пɨôԵӵֹ֮ʦ֤㣬һԾܳΪ㾳еľͷ
ʯϡ꾧Ѫʯ㷨򡭡һֲ㾳ﶼĹ屦
֮еֹ㷨
һ룬Ѱ֤㣬޷ǿ
ѰЦЦԵ࣬ҲÿΣǴ֮
һȻʦĪҪЩԵɱԼľ
һůЦİɣʦҿɲصվʦ嵱ĸޡ


2994 ġ̹
С
ѰӵӰӷ֮߳
ѰõбһΪһ롣
ô඼ңӺ⡣
ѰЦҪ
ӵʱЦȱ˭٣
룬̲סѵʦܣûо÷֮֮Щƣ
Ѱһ
ֱԴͬǽ޵ֻǷ˲ͬķʽеѪеǡꡢΪ
֮ŵֹҲͬˡ
ͬڣĥǽȫɢһգ䱦ҲֻǾ
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ʦѵѾһЩʲôѰʡ
ӳҿֵ֮طֻܴĴУʦо֮еһ
Ѱһ˼
׷ԴԨ츳֮ףٿ˵֮Ӧ֮ۡ
ҹյĴ֮ͬС
֮۾Ҳֻҹʲ֪
Կ϶ǣ֮вһصͼܹǰ֮š
ܾǰͨƾͼǰ֮ţȴܵ赲ڱڸʮͷΧ
ȻЩ޹ؽҪѰȴҪҿ֮ܣ»ô֮֡
Ͼ֮ǴԨĵĽ׶츳ͨԨ츳ۣ֮
֮ϡ
ʦ֣˵ۣ֮Ѱʡ
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Ѱˣ£Ժܲ̽ġ
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ѰҽЩ㷨˵ɡ
ηأĿΪ˽Щѽߣ磬̫ܵãϾԪ̸Ρ
˵澪עҪȥԺǿչŵֻԽԽǿʢҵǾãԺѡǰ
ѰЦԺԺ˵ɡ
ӼˣҲٶ˵

һʱѰӽԽ˼˴ϡ
Ϊ֤㡣
ѰΪ˽෨ǰز
£ʮʬġ㷨򡱣ʮȱ
ѰҪԼĲ෨򾿾ٲԲز
ʱš
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ѰѾ㷨򡱣ʱѪƵģһ򡪡
Ѿ෨ļޣ
֮㷨򡱺ѰһĲ෨ڴﵽ˿ǰز
Բˡ
Ѱжп
ЩĲ෨˲֪ٵЩĵؽ֮ϣ׾Ʒ֮µѾൽ޷㡣
׾ƷҲʮ֮࣡
񺱼׾ƷҲ
ɼˣѾûԲز
ֱν֮أȲȱ㷨󣬲ʵִԲ
Ѱβп
ڶȷԼĲ෨ԶѰ
㷨ʣǵúúղ˵ȱǶ㾳ԣĹ屦
Ѱа
Ӵ˿ڲԶ޵ӣûȥţֱ߳˶
Ƭ̺
ѰӰɽϡ
ǣת෨򣬾ĸ
ˡ
෨ڣԨŻɬĹӰ
ڵǧսʱֳӶѰһƬеõˡСɡСڤϸԪ
ڣѰڳĲ෨ȥ׽ġڡѪ򡱵İء
֮ġ̣ǲ򣬾Ϊվڲ෶У޷ȥֻ㾳ܲĹ
ãѰĲ෨򷭹ڣͬʱһصĻɬϢεطڲ෨С
ȻУ
Ѱһ𣬴ǷЦ⡣
һصĻɬϢǱ෨ġ̵ڡѪ򡱵һɱԴء
һӣֻҪѰ֤㾳ƾӻѣӶѿɳΪһĻѪ
ջҲѰһӡ֤һ£ں֮ԼĲ෨Ѿ߱أȥġ̺¼κδ͹
ǿİ֮һ
Ѱ½ǰߡԱɽ뿪ʱѾġ̵ˡ򡱡򡱡򡱡򡱵İء
֮ġ򡱵İأѾѰȫõУ

ʦ֡
ضѰ룬ǳڴӡ
ʦǴ뿪ˣ
ʡ
Ѱ˵ͷʦǷԤкʱ֤㣿
һᵽ⣬Ӿһ̾ѣѣѣûʮ꣬Ǹû֤㡣
һʱʱʱ̿ԡʯŷ֣֤𲻵á
ףǳѾԲڣȱκֻҪһȥɽ֤
֪ʦҲûܵһ֤
ѰҾʦãڼԪ֮ٽ֮ǰнٲ֤
ǹ档˵
֪ѰͷʦûҲܼԪ֮ٵӰ죿
һʦ˵ܹ֤ĻԵ
һʱһʱѱòһ
ѰʦڽһʱܹӦ֤Ȼãٳ޷ͻƣɾͲϹˡ
ӵͷãʦأ磬ǵطԺû֤ˡ
Ѱڵʦ֣޵ÿһƾԼȥıȥȴ٣Ժ޷ƾҲЧ´ʦǰɡ
ૣȴȥıһ߱һʦܣ㵹һӿ˲١
ӱЦ֪ȥγˣвУչҪһԡ
Ѱ΢΢֣Ц˵Ҿǰףʦ֤ɹ
ӹЦǰҪҪһپƣ
Ȼ
ѰʹӦ־óһ̳ضϾơ
Уʦֵܶ˶̸Цڡ
Ҳڵ죬Ѱ뿪֮ء
ѾԼȡڼԪ֮ٽǰлۡ
һ̽Ѱ澪䡱гĸ࣬ѰֹʦҲ벻ĻԵͱ
ΪҪǣһĲ෨Բز
ι֮УѰ֪ԼĲ෨򾹻ȱ©
֮һονջ
һ
Ѱ˳طؽ硣
Ѿ뿪ˡ
һ澪ǿչŵɱ䣬ĿǰԣɻԶԶ޷Ԫڵĵȡ
ԺǿչŵԽԽǿʢѰɵȲôˡ
ؽѰ뿪ʱһûгʲô粨
ҺѾĸǽӻˡ
ѰյִԾѾѶһĻԪͰķ򸾡
ĸˡ
Ѱæǰӭӡ
ԪЦѾ˵е飬Ҳ֪ǿչŵİֱʣ治
˵Щһʱžһ𣬿ʵܲס
Цеģˣأ
ԾҲĿ⿴Ѱ
Ѱæڱչأаʱܳ
԰žϯֽҡϳֻԶһ㣬
ϯʱѰ̸Ҫ飬Ҳϵһ٣Ҳ⡣
죬˾͸жϢﵽԪʼڡּҡҡϵС


2995 ȥʮ
һ硣
Ѱһؽ֮⣬ƾ
𣡡
͵أһ˫ڿС
ؽһ
Ѱ˫ؽ翪ʼرСֱ󣬻һȭͷСĹţƮѰƼ䡣
ǶԿռ䷨ļãѰĵУʱ䣬ܽһ糹
ؽȻʲô¡

ؽѰһȥ
طµ˶ڷؽУֻҪŷؽ뿪㹻ˡ
⡣
ǧﺣ֮ڿտյûһ޵ߵӰӡ
ǧ֮⣬ȴפأ඼ǿλ
лвٲϢ
һӹ߳Ѱ͸ӦЩϢ΢΢ü
ΪЩҲǵָ顣
ֻǣͺɱûʲôˡ
ңѰóЩҲعأԽǧﷶΧһ
ܹ˫»֤һʱЩδɳʲôɥ顣
ˡ
أ˫Ӱƾ۶ѩ崿ŮգˮĴ۾Ҫ뿪ˣ
ѰȻôǵ뿪ʱǿչŵ
˫ɵ˫˵İţ˫Ҳ˲˫ﲻܵġ
ѰݸЦ˫СԴʲô˵ˣһҽô
˫ģЦã˫ˣֻǡû˫ǿչŵҪ붯ô졣
˵ţüëһš
Ѱ̽һһƤ«ֶðػǿչŵǡ
ϾϺ«֡
Ϻ«ҲǺ׾Ʒ֮Ǻ«һɫ񽣡
䲻˫ǰԻΣҲʮ㣬ܹʶѰ
ৣ
ѰһףϺ«ڿնһɫ翵񽣺Х
ˣջˡ
Ѱ
˫ŰһһУ޾꿪ʼлۣƵӿӰڡ
˫ſʵˣͲİһô죿
ѰЦ㾳֮µĽɫκβ˰ϣο㾳Ԫ֮ټٵʱڣĿǿչŵ
߰ɡ
Ѱ˵ţӰƾն𣬷ҡϡ
˫һ׹⣬ʧѰĲ෨С
ԣѰųĲ෨򣬾һĸƵģпԵõ

׵۹ϱʮɽ
Ƴǡ
ȺϢ
λ˵Ƴǣɴͷ˵˵Ԩ֮·㣬Ԩʱڴ˵ضӹһʱ䣬ֻʱֻһƶС䣬ֲάơ
һĲУһλ˵٩٩̸ı
Ԩۣ
ǿţѳΪĽĶй¼Ҳˡ
׺ɣҲˣһжվֻܴڼС
ȺУѰһ̾תȥ
һڿûע⵽Ƴλ棬ڸոպǲ
Ѱ㼣ٳǣڴ˳̻һʱ䣬Ҳڴ˳ǣֿ
ȥ˰ҹʥá
ȥ߱ѪӪ
ֻϧѰ߱ѪӪڵĵַʱѱģһ֮̾ء
Ѱ㼣ֳ׵۹ʡϼԭڵĵطϽ֮ءŻ򡢵۹سǡ
һ·棬һ·׷䡣
ߵģʱ·;
ֻߣ;ѱúȫһˡ
ֱǿչŵʱѰв
վǹȥҲȥ֮·ˣ̤ϵһ̿ʼѾ޻ͷĿܡ
ϣǿչŵİͽػˡ
ѰŤͷԶǺһۣתȥ
һ죬˷Ѱ뿪ǿչŵ

ʮ
磬Ԫ̡
磬ʦڱչ𣿡
ƽһϮȹѣѩϸ壬һĨĻϼ˴Լ
š
ַ˵ͷȻˣ¡
꣬ĸ״ŷؽ緵Ԫ̺󣬾Ϳʼչأѹȥʮˣһֱûгصļ
磬ʱ֤ࣿƽգŴ۾ö
ż
ַڵ
ǰΪͻѸͣƥ˭ᱻ𺳵
ֻһδ޺ϴľҲı仯Ѳ׷ͻƾĿ
ƽҾ뿪Ԫһʱ䡣ַȻ
ȥƽʵ
ַڵȥһߣһĺġ
Ҹһ𡣡
ƽ˼ʦ˵ҵĵֻһȱݣǾǷȱĥǿԳô˻ᣬúһ
ַЦڵھŷУҪþīɽǰͬС
ȥʾ˵ţƽ˳뿪ˡ
ַвһ̾ĻῴƽԼꣿ
ʮǰԪʱƽʶģֻЩȥҲֻǽԷÿˡ
£Ҳȥ֪ĸһһ˼⣬ַתȥ
һɫĵС
Ծں૑졣
ĸףĸַӰ߽ЦŴк
૑һĸߡ
ʮǰѰԾĸӷʱ૑ϲޱȣ֮ǰɸû뵽ԼӲȢޣӶˡ
ҲΪ£૑ԹѰһͨΪ֮ǰѰû˵¡
ַ૑һЦĸΪβ游
游ںүү塣
૑Ц˵ԽԼоԽϲС²˵˵ɣΪζܴӦģĸӦ㡣
һԾһΣԼλţʲôãΨڶԷʱò񻰡
ҴȥԪһַ
૑һ¿ɵأ磬Ȼ޷ˣ̫ƽɰﲻ֪жգ㸸׵һЩ֪ݣǷǸɱ֮ٲɡ
ַЦϵĸЩҶͷİɣ˴Ҳᱩ¶ݵġ
૑ǲģΪηҪִ
ΪСַ
գ૑ǴӦˣȴַӦ뿪ʱһЩĵƣң̫ܳˣÿһʱ仹ҪϢƽ߶߶˺ܶܶࡣ
ַЦ꣬Ŀ⿴Ծѣĸף𲻴Ӧ
Ծû㶼ȰĸܲӦô
˵ţóһݸַ㸸ױչǰµһ־࣬Űɡ
ַ˫ֽӹ
ԾʲôˣհʦҲд˳ҲλʦִԪ̰ɡ
á
ַʹӦ
죬ַƽһ뿪Ԫ硣


2996 ֤ʱ
ʮ꣬Ԫڷ仯
һһһĴҲϱƾ
ҫ۵ģַ
ΪԪѰĶӣһһעĿһ۵Ҳһֳĸ
ַԼ׵Ĺ⻷֮£ѡҲƾԼȥԼһƬء

ʮꡣ
ԴѰɨڰƷʮͷ֮ûԾµĴ·
ھն˺͵ڰͨ·ڼԪ֮ټٵһʱУЩעϾ顣
׽̡һεĲҰܣҲ伣ûκζ
ԣһжƻصǰƽС
ɶĴͥ͵ھЩԣƽעֻʱġ
ʱһȥһע߸µļԪ֮ע٣

ʮꡣ
ӿֳҫ۵ˣһע
ֻǣҫ۵վֻһСˡ
һСУȻհ׵֡
ǿչŵӴǧսɱһ𣬶̶ʮʱ䣬ս򣬰ܾͬУһѪɵıս·ơ
֪ٲͼԼ£Ҳ֪ж֮ǣΪжд̡
Ψû֪ʮǿˣʦԪԪѰ
£ֲ飬ڶ࣬עհһ˶ɧ
кܳ·Ҫߡ

ʮˣѰػڱչأһвԲزˣ
Ԫ̣Ԫո󣬶Ӻʵ
ĻзƽԪһԪ̵Ϲ
ĳطɡ
һƣ£֤Ѳٳ֣αչעΪƾ
ʱҡ
ƽ̾
һԪ֮٣ȴ֤ײЩڳѾԲΪн˶ԣһޱȵĻϢ
㣬ǼԪ֮ٽٵڣҲֻʣ¾Űˣʱ硢ǧս򡢴ǧעҪ٣Ҳ֪ٳҲֻʣ¾Űɻˡ
Ӻͳ
û취Ǵƣǰʱ򣬼Ԫ֪ٴΣٵһһԪܹڼԪ֮ҴģվֻǼ
һƣҲ˵ԪҪڼԪ֮дҲ󡣡
˵ӵ򣬾û֤ֿסԪ֮٣
Ӻʡ
㾳֮µ޵߶ԣڼԪʱ˥١Ĵӵӻмİȥ⡰˥١
Ľ͵ȷԵֿ󲿷˥ٵܷӴ˽лҲÿÿ޵컯
ԪӻҪ˴գܿܿԣǡָȥֿ˽٣
ƽһ̾
㳲֮£ѡ
һ뵽ԪܾµڼԪ֮ѣЩϹľúܳء
⵹ãλǵ컯֮𡣡
ȻڣԪ֮ٵԪ컯֮ڡ֮ԪʱҲл컯֮С
컯֮棬һ޴ĸзֲŵϰٸԪڼԪ֮ѡ
컯֮棬ȴסЩԪ𣬾ͺñȱס˷еһӣļԪܹ컯֮Ӵ
Ӻ컯֮ѻһЩֲеļԪעٲ뿪컯֮档
ƽҲ˵гһգǼԪĻܹܣ컯֮עһֱһĲֹЩԪЩԪе顣
Щ˶ԣȻҲ컯֮˽⡣
ѣֻҪܻдʱ򡣡
Ц˵
Ӻ֣ɲҪֹ̫ۣϸԪεǿͶʢڼԪ֮£ȴҷ𣬾˵Դ飬ûл컯֮С
Ԫĸ̫ףҲЩ֪ģûٳ컯֮еһԪ
꣬һֵ̾Щ㾳ﶼЩ޲ߣǻǲ̸Щˡ
ڴʱԪոͻȻǰһ򣺡λָҴ򡣡
һùһͫȻܡ
ʲôܣҿ
һĶӺֶһҲʱס⡭
ķӦʧ̬Ϲﶼθڣ棬һһù򷭿
һҲǣķѡ
죬ȴ˳Ĭλο
Ӧġ
ƽһҪѹסĵľ⣬ѰСӿɴӲϿЦ
϶ģ
ӺƵסҵȣ϶סӵв;Ĵڣˣ̿ʦ˵Ѱĵ;вǼԪ֮ٵĻ֣
Ԫ켤ô˵ºǾܼ֤һǰδе漣ˣ
ʱһ֪ˣڴڼ䣬ǿɵðסܣһ©ϢҪ׽̡̡ԼھЩעˡ
˶˵ͷ
ֱ˿̣ж޷ƽ
Ϊֻһ仰
º֤㣬λǰǰ׼
֤㣡
˭ڼԪ֮ٽǰһʱû֤֣
ƫƫأѰȴ˵Ҫº֤㣡
Ϲ𾪵ĵط
ѰҪ֤㣬٣ƱӰ쵽ŵλĪҪˣα֤ʱһǺεȿ¡
ӺԣǱǰ׼ҲѰǴϢڡ
ƽɫĶ̫һ֣ػһʱ׽̡̡ھע⣬£һɱǻ
Щ㾳Թ˲Ͼʱʱ̶̿Ҫٽ٣£ǲ
˶٣ȻҲ÷һ㾳ҲҪֹѰ֤ƾҲһӦ԰취
ǣû㾳ˡ
Ӻ̾
һ仰ľҲ
죬һҧϣ£ҾͲţټһԪ̻ܱ̤Ʋɣ
Ϲﶼ˵ͷüҲ⡣
α֤ʱ٣ҲַҲΪġ
һΣѰº֤㣬ЩϼһͲţһ޷סѰ
ͬʱ
ԪɽһС
Ѱڸһòͣһһ̸߽ɵûƵġ


2997 ֮ʱ 
չʮ꣬Ѱһһֱߡ
ºҾͽ֤ˡ
ѰпӣŶ˵ʱͺ;һԪڡ
ΪʲôΪ㻤ɻ
ѰЦҶɽٴӲҪ˻Ұžˡ
ûټ֣Է
Ѱһƺ
չʮֻ꣬һ¡
ĥľ
оսԱһһһ顣
ûпȥѹĵǰ㾲ŴС󣬴̤֮·顣
ʮˣûʲôٸջ
Ѱ֪Լľȱ©
ĪأѰһ仰桢
λڽӵǰȰ֣ͽľ֮ơ
п
ҲǴʱеᵽν桢ν
һּԲľ罣գʱ
ѰΪҪº֤㣿أʵ
ѰЦΪǷȱһҪ
£
Ѱ䣬ƿڣҵ֤
档
Ѱ룬˵ΪնС
˵ţһָ񷣬ǵȴҪıȡ֮ϡ
ҡͷס
ѰЦǺǵҲ޹ؽҪ

ʱţһһȥ
µʱܿˣѰӶ߳
˶ȥˣ
ѰһʶУԪɽ¿տյһӰûС
ߣȥԪɽ
ѰŲգԶȥ
ܿ죬Ԫɽҵ衢ƽһϹ
Сӣˡ
ǼѰĵһۣ׷ӿѯ׼Σ֤жٰգ
ѰЦȶɽʱ֪ˣأ
˵ڰǰͶѰԪؾУԪ£ֻʣЩˡ
Ѱһ͵ʶԼ©һ£ЦõλǰοɲԪ֤
ǶһЩ⧲
֮ǰɶΪѰҪԪ֤㣬ѹƣŻǰж˶Ԫؾ
ԪؾıԴڣǱɱţҪƻԴҲ׵顣
˭룬ѰԪ֤
Ҫȥ֤㣿ƽ̲סʡ
ҿǺͿԡ
ѰڵʱֻҪǺԪ磬㹻ˡ
ļƻα֤ʱٽʱԪѹƣ޷ܡ
ѰɲΪԼɽ٣Ԫʧȥӻ
У
һӦ֤Ǻεȴ£Ǻһעһʱŵɽ٣һľֲأ֪ء
ϹҲ׷׿Ȱ衣
Ѱȴҡҡͷ̬ȼܹӰľģֻǺԪ˵İΣֻҪǰȫұһ˿Ұ
ɫһ粻
֪֮ٽٺ󣬱ػᱻ׽̡̡ھһʱϧһдɳ㾳ǰӣǿһֻƽɫ
ˣֻҪǲԪУıӻŲᱻĴֻв
Ѱ˼ҡǺǣ㾳ڣж֣
ۼٰȰ˵Ҳ޷ȰѰǶֻܴӦ
ѰҲ˿Ȱ˵סЩϹˡ
죬һ뿪Ԫ磬Ǻϡ
֮ۡ
ѰһϮ°ɫƮҷԶǺò׳Ǻƻõǻ䡣
α֤ʱѰһڴˡ
գǹһڴˣֻԼҪ٣
࡫࡫
Ѱóƺ«һͨ磬Ȼ
εӰȻͷųһɾƥһµ񽣣ڴ˿̴̿նһ·Ʋ㣬ҡ֮⡣
һĵҲڴ˿̼ͷš
¡
Ȼˮؼ䣬һ¯Ҫڴ˿졣
ɼѰ󣬲ɬԨӿȵĲ෨ؼĹƱѹ㣬˰֮
Ԫ硣
ͨһĻĻǡ
һ෨򣬾ǿᵽع򶯵
ȫ߸ǵΪǵ֪УΨ㾳ڵܰ쵽һ
ǲ˼ǣʱУѰһֱڲϵ
䣡
嫵ǺϣУѰǾεӰƮ費ͻͣ
罣˵ĸоͷĴսɱ
ڽһʱвϳš
ֱһʱȥԤеȴٳٲδ١
ѵڼԪ֮ٽǰһʱ֤޷ٳô
޷ƽ
ѰȴƻȻͷԼһΪǡꡢľԺޱ
ΪնУ
ע޷ˡ
ЩѰԣ޷Ӱľ
ǡλϴµİ˸֡棬񡱣
ʱ
أһѹĵĽϢϢسƳһĨӰ
ȻȥɲǼ׹ҹڰС
ԭҵعڴ˿ٿһֹüžУ˷ë
ڷĺˮӿſգҲεĴֽ
磬ƺһֹ̾
ˣ
ԪУѵȴýޱȵϹһ̣Ҳһͫš
֤ǿֲĽۣ
˵˿̵飬Ƚѹִ֣˵ļڴ
٣κγѾԲڼȰֺ޵һ֮١
̤;Ӵʱߴɸ죬ƿع
ɿ粻ȥ
ػɢɵ
ǶԣȻޱٵĿֲʶŻڴʱǰĽźѹ֡
ǼǣһѰ֤ĳˣ
ٲֵ֤ܳȴѰӲıȡõֱڴĳֽɰ
Ϲˡ
Ѱ߷һĨЦ⣬һϢٿڣһƥϬʣȻ
óƺ«ٴγ
һƽò˶þͻı
Ѱԣܹһѳɹһ룡
ƾĵɢǺϿڱΣص÷Ļ١
ѹֵĽϢʼһжϢݱš
ΨѰɣؼ䡣


2998 ̫ʯּ
硣
֮ͥ̾أֱ
̿ʦ͡ڴ˿ɽα仯һֱλĴͥУبų档
ؾ٤ѵıչ֮ء
ţ
ЩһֱչأݼŴ٤Ȼӣü䷺һĨɫзһ¶ٵϢ
Ԫ֮ǰ֤
٤Ѵ˿̶סš
ڴʱһƲϵ𣺡٤ѣҶһˡ
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٤ѵ˶һۣü䶼֮ɫ
ٵˣ˿κβѰҲֻܾš
˵ţѾԶԪڡ


3002 ɢ֮ʱɱ
Լͬأ٤ѡ̫ٵ˵ĿҲңңȥ
Ԫڣ
һȫ֣޷ٵԪ򣬵һʱƿһѷ죬ֻҪɱȥԪڽӡ
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ԭһҪɱѰǷٵԪȤ
ڣѰɽٵʱԽԽãڳЩ㾳еһ˿ơ
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룬ۼԪܹѰǰ㵭Ķɽ٣
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ЩҪԸǣʵҪӰѰĵģ
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ɱģˡ
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͸ŨŨĲʺͷŭ
ٿˣҲԾ˵ٶţÿɫԴŲʺͺ⡣

ѵ֮Ԫ̣Ҫ
飡
أƽеرը飬ɫһӱɷѿˡ
ͬʱľλ㾳Ԫڵһء
ڣ
ȣޱȡ
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ҰУ˿̵ѰɬصĺƵϢ費ͻͣɢϢ֮ʢѹȵƬҲ˰ϡ
ҲǾλ㾳ڸܵһѹһɫһ䡣
ǿ
Ÿնɽٳɹѣȴǵûκ󣬷ǿᵽЩ֤㲻֪µϼһﶼеһŨŨв
Ԫڡ
ѱб֮ĵһ㶣Կϲѡ
Ѱɽٳɹˣ
ǽԿһϣǻ
գĳɱȣĲΪˣ
Ѱ쳹͸źεɱ´ּ⣬ɫ䡣
֮ǰڶɽ٣ɷԪڵһĻĻѱС
˵ѰѽЩ֮㾳ں޵ɱڣϲ뿪
٤ѵͫһУЦѡ
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٤ɫƽڡ
ɡ
ͷ
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˫£ǶԸѰǶԸԪ̣ԿɲĴ
ûлᡣ
ѰɫĮ˵ʱһЩ㾳Ϲǰ


3003 ɱ
ۼѰ٤ѵһʱ֡
䣡
٤ǰ޾ӿ֣һӲӵķӡȫ㷨ۣմŹ
㾳һ֣طƻҲᲨ
һ׽̴̡Ϯʱһ㾳ﶯ֣ܵǿֲֻܡ
ҿнʱ֣һл⡣
һΣȻڣһĻͬûг֡
Ϊ٤ѳֵһ˲ǺϿգһֱԪڵԪ򣬵һʱɢ֮䡣
ǳˣ
ֻǣ٤Ѹ⣬֮ǰԪͱǺñٹѣ˿̼㸲ǶҲв
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬٤ǰĽɫӡѳѰɱȥƬصĹ붯УƳܲסɫӡܡ
Ѱܣһץ
飡
ǽɫӡͱը
٤ͫһɮ۹ĵ͵һ˫ֳǰ鰴
ˣ
һӡۣվʮأ쳹ԶԶһֱһ嫵֣Ѱѹ
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Ѱһץǿ󵽲˼زĴӡֽƵģȻը顣
⡭
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ܣ

һ֤ƿص
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ԪڵһҲޱȣϲѰ˿չֳķɣ鲻Խ˵ڴ˶Ըһ㾳Ϲĳ
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飡
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٤˫۵Ƶķ׷Ʈ˫Ѫⶼ飬ըǵȿֲĳ˶ɳȥڿѪ
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ͬһʱ䣬ѰӰȻͷų飬죬罣񳱣ŭ
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գۼѣһλ׽̵룬һλ̤㾳֪ϹŶһɢ³
Ѱս֮ǿһڳˣ


3004 ޷ܵս
䣬׽̵֮һһλսǿƥϹŶ
ܾǰиɱպ˸ڵھҲΪ
ȻʱȴѰ׾ٵɱ
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һ֣һѹŽδɺơ

ҶֵһԵɱ֯ڰ֮ԵȴûܺԨһԵҲ
Ҷɫһ䡣
һԵϴɣѪʮ֮ãһһ硣
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ǿ󣿡
˷ŭ˻С
λ㾳һ֣ԶȫУѹƲסѰһδγΧ֮ƣ
˭ܽܣ


3005 һһ
һ㾳ԾŭʱѰ΢΢̧ͷ˿ϵ
һɨˣʱ䲻ˣλֶΣɾûжĻˡ
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ҶǰڣǺԪͻҽɢ
ҶҲˣһĻ٤Ѻ̫ٵĶٿѰʱжƵشһĨ塣
ԴҲ޷һ֤ˣӵս
ɱУ̫һѰܷ飬һ·ҿԸ㣬ΪνɽʱҵȻǶ
Ѿģ
ȥǷº䶯Ͼ˭һλ֮۵㾳ڣΪϧģ
ȴѰɫм㲻˵ҲܲµõǼԪ֮Ļĺָʹ
֪ˣͲ³׵Ļֵ̫ɫһ
Ѱ̲סЦˣѰĿܻڣ
˵ʱԶһʵĴУ


ͼںͳɱ룬һ̱Уһɢ³
һλ㾳ˣ
˴ʱ٤ѡ̫ǶѾ彻ӣ⡣
ѰĿܸܵĻ᣿
Ҫ֪ǺϣɲֹԪ򣬻̫ӣѽе·
ҲΪΣ֮ǰµλ㾳ѡȥԪڵԭڡ
ΪߣҲû·
¡
սڱˣҵؼ䣬Ѫ֮
Ѱûκο飬ڽʱУһ𣬽һһ㾳ڻС
׿졢ӳ̫١ǰǸ߸λӵھ㾳ڣ㱻޵߳Ľɼ
Ѱǰȴ߹ƴҲͽͣһһеۻµĵҲ֮ɢ
һĻĻҲǱԪеطǾ۵ףҲ޷Ǵ˿̵ľ
ʱǶʶΪѰǶɽٳɹҲעޱȣҪһʱȹ̵С
˭뵽һжԤϵոնɽٺѰչ¶ѹͬ
һ˶ѣսλ㾳ڣǵ·磬սнһһɱ
һĻĻǶµ
㣡
εϵĴڣУٻֹ㾳ӡ
ڣǺϣ㾳꣡
̫𺳣ԺһƬհףɫ͡
¼棬ľҲĥµǿĵزɻκ˼һĻҲ޷ˡ
ܿ죬оֻʣ٤Ѻͼˡ
⻹ѰΪ֮
ºֽҲɱˡ
ʱıѾ٤ѡΧֻѹƣûº֡
٤ѣһᣬǡ̫ʯ񡯵ܣҿʹһЩ򣬱ҽԪ
Ѱ𿪿ڣԨ㶢٤ѡ
ȴ٤Ѵ˿̵ɫȴ쳣ƽλξ壬Ԫ֮ٽʱһ۵иߵͣսڳ
ٿѰ΢΢һЦѰѾĻֶϣҲѡ
ѰüҪ˵ʲô
䣡
٤˫ֺʮׯϣӰȼӿֳ޾ȫǰС
һɿֲޱߵϢҲǴɢ


3006 ʷһ
䣡
һɲƷһƵģţһȼհĿֲһ㻨
ʥ࣬ͻճʮء
ѰͫһһֹǺľյĵУıԴȼգ
̹ǵΣոӿȫɱսĥսܣѰԥһӡ
֮ͨն
һ˲ȼյƣȴھҵб֮ûʧ
һĻ٤ס
󣬳һ̾

ǿݵӰҲ͸Ȼ̾ϢлһƮʧ
٤ѣ̵Ľһ֤Ѳ֪Ĵڡ
ڵԪ£ҲƵۣ֮Ĵܡ
ƣ̵һ˲佫һɻҽ
ڣ٤ѲϧԻٵУϧٵ£ûܺѰ䣡
һĻӿŨŨĿɬʧǣ׷˵ֿ
ֻǣʱȴѰ˵غͼɽ𣿡
»һ¶֮ɫ֮Գٳٲº֣һǽ˵״
Ѱ壬ڵ
ǡ
ɫһ𲻶ȻҼߣһںܶǰͱѺһڴʮħ򷵻غͱˣáǻк³
ȴѰȴɿֻҪ˻ţ͹ˡ
ɫһ䣬ʶʲôŭ㡭Ҫʲô
ȻΪ壬ϴˢףñĳҪֻصĹҲˡ
Ѱ
ʱΰȹһ绪ŮӣȴԼѰβŭ
Ҳˣʮħʱɽΰġ
ѰĻɫ׸о˲
Ѱսھ˭ܵסĲ
˵ǼϣЩһ𣬿¶У
ΪЩǰɵǿڣ뿪ڵ壬ʣµЩ㾳ڣҲǺΪ൱Ľɫ
ǰֻҪ㾳ЩԲı˴ţΪǺûʲô
ƫƫأڳ˸Ѱ
һ뵽⣬顣
ģڵִǼ֮ǰҲɱ㡣
Ѱ˵ţֱӶ֣ѹսԨڡ
ˣ˴ǰľλ㾳ڣ⣬˽Ա¾
ؼž򸲸֮ϣѰĹˣ֮ǰһĻĻ
գڴ֤㣬ǰδ֮٣;
Ҳǽգնһ㾳ڣѪȾڤ
Ԫڣһ˸衢ƽӺ˽½߳һؿѰɫأԲ𺳺ͻ㱡
ǧﵽߣȴ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϊ̫ϲ̫⡢Ҳ̫𺳣
Ƕû뵽նɽٳɹ̤;ѰǺһڴˣ
λûˡ
ѰЦų߹ȥߣǻȥȾơ
γƵģеԣúһ£
˵󣬲Ц
ϹҲ̲סЦˣЦ͸żԺɡ

̡
ʢһĶС
飡
һȻѡήʧһɶ
ȻӰ󰶻һһʧãɫѾ
ӻóһԿšֵ̫ʯɳƵһΪΡˣ
̫ʯþûһ˿Ӧ
ôһ˲һǿҵĳ嶯޲ý̫ʯٵ
գסˡ
Ԫ̾ʲô
٤ģ
Ѳ⣬ֻ֪һ̿ʼΨһҪľֻһ¡
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Ϊ£ֻʣһ㾳ˡ
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ܻⲻܣܣ
Ԫ£ûκ㾳˴жܻʧܣ
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һΣҲ䣬һжԪ̶ԣһصԸӵĴ
Ҳһ죬׽̹رɽţжϺһϵ
һ׽ҲѡԱ

ھ
ϡҶϡϡϡϡϡӳߴ壬Ҳһ𶯣Ե֪˷ԪǺϵجġ
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ϢɢھͲҲǲ䶯Ȼ󲨡
ֻһУȴ
ΪһսǺϣ̫ʼԪ򸲸ǣûһսսನɢһ˿һ
Ҳ֪һ죬Ѱ֤㣬ɱһڴе顣
ԪЩԪؾеǣ˿Ҳڹ
ֱٰϯʱԪ²֪˽շ飬һʱ䣬Ԫ綼ˡ
ָ֤ˣ죬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
֪࣬𺳵
û𣬲ŸƾָЩԵж㾳жɱˣ
⡭ֱһ
ָ
ָ
ϯϣϯϵѰٲȻΪĿһȫĺ䶯ըƵĲؼ
ү̫ˡ
Цúϲ£죬˵޴롣
૑ľһЦҲӿŨŨԺϲá
ǵĶӣ
ããð
¹ʹ쳩ҾƣֻĵĪڽ죬ľԼһִһ㾳Ĵ档
ԾѺһҲúܣڿѰʱżл֮ɫ
֤꣬ˣ
ܿ죬Ҳúһ
ɫ񾲣续ڵӰ·Ķǵ
ԾȻס֣꿿ĶϣԺҸᣬ͸һذȢš
ûŮǰɬΪ飬¶һڴ֮ɫģǵʱ򡭡ǲǾˣ
ԭЩһֱŴء
ԾѷЩˣ˽ܻܸоЩΪ鰡
ţԵġ
죬ԾѲƵĺһ
ȴ¶һõЦݣƵģҿɺڴء
ԾҲ̲סЦˣǿˣǵ»Ҫһ˵顣
˽̸ʱϯط衢ǣϸ򡢰³ǣССǣ¡ּ¡ѰѣЦ档
ġ𺳡
һҹЦԪϣþòɢȥ
һ죬עԪ̵ʷᣬΪഫ


3007 ;
ҹʮ֡
ѰͷضͬеĻԾѺ
ǷҲھͺˡ
·ԾַŸ뿪Ԫһʱ䣬ѾЩ˼ǣˡ
ǧĸǣˡ
Ǿ۵棬Ҫǲġ
ѰЦЦ
ûġ
ԾѺһۡ
̸ʱѾض
ѰʼϥԾ轻̸
ո֤㣬һսѰҪľǳ͹̵С
תѰҲ֮С
;ؾﾳ
ؾ˼壬νءǹء˼
أպù֮󣬿Խع֮⡣
;ĵһ硣
ﾳյĹӵеֶΣһ硰㡣
˾ĹԽ࣬оԽǿ
;ڶ硣
ԪУʵϵĴڡң
ҪڼԪлǰǿٵĴ
ΨˣܳƵġ
Ҳ˵ٶɽٻǿߡ
˾Ҳ㾳ռ
ѰŸո;ӵؾĵС
˾޵ߵĲ᳹ɱΪ෨㷨࣬յĲ෨ɱΪ㷨
֪㷨͵ͬع
ֻѰĵУҪԶһϵͬ
֤ɽ֮ǰѰյĲ෨ܾѿȡסƹһ
ɽٳɹһĲ෨Ҳǲʵɱ䣬ܣƷ࣬ӵ֮ơ
ƾյġ㷨ͬԲλࡣ
ûȡ
Ը⣬ױѹ
ˣѰĵҲѴ㲻ϡ
ڶɽʱȡġѪʯõһѪ֮ʢﵽͬǰĵز
ǿ󣬷ųס㹻ӴۺΪꡣ
Ѱڶɽʱġʯоſ飬൱ھλ㾳µΪȴѰȫһգ˲
ͬڶɽʱѰġʯҲΪԶѰ㷨ࡣ
һеɱۻһ𣬿֪ѰӵеսǺεǿ졣
յսС
ΪһԾţ׾ٽԷһһ
һΪλ㾳ڣΪؾΣѰĵдһ󾳽С
һڣѰڶɽ֮յսίʵһЩ
񵱳ڹ֮ʱʦ˵ӵ컯ѰֻҪܹ֤㾳һԾΪ˾ľͷ
Ѱ˲˼ɱ⣬ԨҲõȫµܣڴвϻܣҲȡʮ֡ϡõýҲһԾΪһĪԶһϵɱȡ
յսУǾλ㾳ǿޱȵơ
һ⣬ӲУ޷Ԩ
ɴ˿֪ԨǺεȲ

ϥѰϣӿֳɬµ⣬ԡУһתʱֱعڽɶ˼Ĵ
㾳ȫһ
ȣ㾳Ҫвƿع
֪УҲֻĴͥ͵ھʮӵ
֮ϡ٣ָ
Σ㾳Ҳ̫Ӵ󣬶ȴڶԣ˵һϵĶؾڰ˴УҲҵճеĵط
䣬ֻмٵϡ屦ܹ㾳Щ
֮򣬻̫ϡٺ㾳Ҳü֮ѡ
̽٤ѡ׽䣬Ƕ֤㾳֪꣬ԿǻʯϹŶ
ֱǵΪҲֻؾУΪһЩԭ⣬Ҫľڣڴ˾Ҫʵ̫ˡ
ãµѰΪ˷
ϵġһ֣Ԫ̱ϾĴ֮ͥһѿС

ѰӴ
˾ȣȻϸӦܲ㾳ơ
ͽС񡱡
̧ۿһ࣬ԾѺڴǰׯףɢӺݵ֮
ŮòɷκݴʶġЩﾭһ𣬿Ѱʱб޵ĸо
Ƭ̣Ѱ΢΢һЦĿ⡣
һӡ
ɫıֶ︡׽񾵡̫յ⡢гɫ޸ɫꪡɽӴӡڰ˫ɫ۵ȵȡ

ÿһӵ޷Ŀֲܡ
Щ򶼳ΪѰսƷ
ΨһѰźǣ٤ƴսʱҲƻٵˡ
Ƭ̺ѰЩԺЩһһԨ
Щջ٤ѵ㾳Уҩϡȱ
ЩȻǼʺ㾳ġ㱦
ϧˣҽ򡯵İƿأܽǵѪΪһһΪѪʯ㷨ʯ꾧ˡ
Ѱ̾
֮ʱֻǽɽϵֱԴġһݣ廹ƿء
Ļ٤ѡǾͲǰˣҲû֡ĵر
һ붼Ѱڴѡ
̤㾳֮Ѱᵽǡ򡱵ıԴǺε֮ɺͿֲ
Ǳؽһλ޵ӵеһȫᣬĴ
ڴ˶ԱȣĺܺͬƽɣֻǽȻͬĹˡ
̤㣬ǰĻҪɵعķɣǰھصЩ
ܿ죬Ѱоðһͷʱǰھһˡ
ǰʱΪֻܵȴ̡
̤;Ϊ˾أǸ𣬶ڱС
ԡ١в
ѰɵҲ˾͹ߡ
ĻҪɱԼǲ٤ѡȾλ㾳ǰ
Ѱһ΢ĸо
ǼԪ֮ٵĻ֣ǿ󵽲˼ĵزƿصĴٸܶ;κ˲Ĵ
ĳԵʣĻֵȴԺ
Щ㾳лŵĻᣬЩĻֶϵˣҲעҴ棬Ҳˡ
ǻжϣѰ̫ɵǡ١в
죬ѰûоŴеԾѣ߳ԼĶ


3008 ǰھ
Ԫ
ɽӺͬѰһڷĺ͵ھйصĸֹż
Ѱϰߡ
֪֪ˣս
޹ֺЩڵھ񡣡
ãѰйżп
ʮ壬ǿʢʱ򣬽жɹٵġĴ
ֻʱǨЩڲԴٵвʮУﾳڽԶ½뿪ǰ档
ÿУʣ¶ؾ
Ʊѷɫ̫ࡣ
Ҫ֪ǿɶ㾳磬мܹǵĵλ
ŵ˵Ѱ֤ǰҲһ
ȥھ򣿡
ӺЩǣҲǴ٣Щӵеĵ̺ɶǿ֮ԪУûһܹǡ
ǰʱȻܺѲһˡ
Ѱڵ
ӺǰЩ췢ǺϵһսһĬȻ
һҲǣԾŴ㾳ΧѰתǬһһ£ؾ˭ѰĶ֣
Ѱûи߶Ӻǰھ򣬻һĿġ
Ǿǲ̽һ£ʦ𷽴֮ڵִھ󣬾ʲôΪ˶ΪѾڵھѡ
죬Ѱ׼׵뿪Ԫ硣
뿪ǰԾѡһ棬󽫺ˮԪ̣ıĴһ뿪

񣬵ڰһֱͨھ·
ֻΪԪ֮ټ٣ھѽЩ·
ЩȻѲסѰ
˵Ѳס㾳ε
ͽ֮ıϣһعۣ赲ס㾳֮µκˡ
㾳⡣
Ϊ˾ѿʼպع򣬼Щ֮ͨͨҲԶȥЩƿ
ʶѰһʱ䳯ڰȥ
·ϣܵõعֱڣõԼƵģ֮С
ңѰܻԼĶ㾳һ¶̤գһس٣
Ȼعвصһʱɣǵֵܹͻ⣬ȴ㾳ĵС
ҲΪΣ㾳ıٻԭ
񵱳ǺϵĴսԪ̫ʼ˫رӻҲעعķɡ
ʱѰ٤ѵˣܵعķɡ
ʶѰʱҲòԼһϢѹƵڣֻòε

Ѱڰ
ɽԭʮͷ֮һ֮̾ء
ŵѰһ˽ʮͷһһ̤𣬵ɽѱФϰռ
Ȼɽû׾Ʒ򣬼˵ذռҲ޷ɳΪ񶫻Ĳͷ
ҹɽƻ財
У峤ФһȺļ裬һűɴ˵ļ֣̬ȣȻ֮
Щ˽ĹǵμˣΪһ赸Ѱˣѱȥǡ
ФЦеģ̬価֮ɫ
ֻϸĻкɣܹΪһ峤ҽɽȸռݣФվѰ֮
أФͫһ
ΪЩظˣаƵģԭһ
ͬʱһεӰ˽
ФºˣΪҹФһ壿еĵطԣФĳػʮٱĲ
Ѱڵ㵹һˣǾͺðˣԽҪݽ˵һʱ䡣
Фͫһݽ裿
ѰЦռݴ˵أ̤𶫻ʱԣȵڣ
˵ţһӡ

̫ʼӳٿ串ɽ¡
㡭Ѱǰ
ʱФѾӳɴ۾˴죬ϻ̳Ͽ֣˫ϥ
סʱ䲻Ҫˡ
˵ţѰת߳
һҲֻܹϢسڴˡ
ЩйѰĴţФձֱðΨһҵǣѰƺҪΪФϡ
죬Фղ侲зɿ˼£ðƯһЩһܵõѰǰͣФϿɾͷɻڴˣ
ͬʱɽһϵļ̳ǰ
ѰӰƾճ֡
ԭǶϵأֻԱķϵӲݴ
ѰĿǹϵļ̳Ƭ̣һӡ
Ϣأ̳мֿһ·
·ǻɬɲĹļ¡
ԭɶյһͨھ·ֻںܶǰ·ͱھϷ
ȻѲסѰ
һһ̫ʼʹ̳ס
ôҲԷ󴳹
Ѱ߽һص·С
䣡
ת㷨򣬶·ǰĹʱ糱ˮɢ
ܿ죬ѰӰʧ

ھ
ǽɽһƿصɽ֮һ
˵һͿʢһСѪĲϣֵ侪ˡ
ͬʱǽɽУҲһͨڰʱͬϰѿء
ǽɽ̾ġɽԼĪаʮ֮ңԶһ޵߶ȻңԶ
ɶ㾳εԣִܵ
Щǽɽϵһλ񾳲εĳϣ˷顣
ƿǧ֮ڵǿߣרפش˵أ𿪲ɡѪֲϡ
ȻϵǲۻģǰǽɽڿģǱһץū
ūÿһҲʥĵУǿĻе۾ڡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǽɽ׶ޱȵ֮ΪСߣˣȻҲھѪ
ǲǰʱˣҲᱻ֮ʴ
ʶ϶ԣ򵥵ЩץūȥڿҲۡ
ʱһ
һŭ𣬡ˣٸӴȣ
׷˭׷Ǽˣһǧﲻ裡
ͼһȺڣɷǿİĿп񱼡
ͨ˴·࣬ͨͬĵط
һ·ϣһӰܡ
һŮӣմ˻ҳգϾǴĿĵѪܵı޺ۣͷɢ絾Ƶġ
ɫ֣ҧء
ֻǺܿ죬;ˡ
Ϊǰ·ϣǺɽʯڣ޳·
ģ
ŮӷƵģȫȥʯڣȴֻһЩʯмʯڸûκα俪ļ
ں󷽣ӵĺڽرƽȻЩ׷Ѿˡ


3009 
ˣ㻹ӣ
һ𣬽һȺ˳Ϊ׵һ¾ս׵ӣִʮ㡣
ղڵıｻھɱ㣡˵ʱѴ
խ·ԴϷʱ֮ɫ
УŮͬ⣬һ
Ҿͽ˱ٵ
Ůӵһʱ佫һɫĿʯ𣬼С

ɫʯֻȭͷСɵʱȴɢҫɫϼİĿ
ţһȻޱȵĴҲǴɫʯ
Ӷʱֹ̰ؿʯ֣̽˱ӱ֤һ·
ɫҲ̰֮ɫ
ɫʯ̫ˣڴڿǧ꣬ͷһμĿʯ
ɣһ
ŮӲڵģҪҲԣһ顣
Ǻǡ
Цһ飿룡ûĵУǸͻٲ˱
˵ţٴǰ
Ǿԣ
Ůз֮ɫ͵þȫеɫʯǰʯϺݺȥ
ҡӵ˱ŭһʱˡ
䣡
ڴʱ䶸·ͷʯ͵زҵķһӰʯ߳
ŮӸղҳɫʯʯڣͱͻأֵӰһС
Ůסˡ
ӵҲ䱸
ǽɽɴ˿ȴһƱڶͻһĻ˭ܲ
ͬʱѰҲסͷ˿еɫʯֿ˿ŮԼԶӵˣ֮ǰʯ
֮ǰʱдУȥǻľԭѾҪִλǽɽġڡ
˭룬ڸղŵʱһƵĺ˳ȻһĻ
ʯڳġ
ŮӲҪߣҲŴٵ
ѰĿ⿴ӵˣˣ
ӱѰĿⶢţһðæǰǽɽеĿʯϣ֮ԳᣬΪҪⱦ̵
ǺγҪռΪУŮŭ
Ѱͷеɫʯ˲жϳ̺ŵǼ亱裬ֵˣԲεŲɹĺô
ٿŮӺһˣΪ䲻ͬǵ۾жѣҲֻӴΪƴᡣ
˵Լǵ۾ΪʱҲΪ˱Ķѡ
ҽʯԭǴ𲻴ӦѰɫʯĿӵˡ
ӵæȫƾǰ
ѰϵϢ䵭Ȼǿ͸ǳɵѰĿɨʱǿɶ׹ߣϢĸоͷ·һλף
ãȻǶӦˣԺҲλС鷳ףѰ
ףǸҲӦٱѰĿⶢŵĻǶйصĳ嶯ˡ
ʱŮסˣԼ۾һɱپﻯˣ
Űɡ
Ѱɫʯ˹ȥ
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䣬ȴӵо۵۾زεĵУУѿһλ侪޵ľˡ
ѰҲһԼյͽƽֻ϶ԣƽ˸һЩڼ̵ʱ֤۵۾
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лǰֻǡֻҵҿɲҪ˱ˣ°ɣ͵͵ǳѩĶˡ
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ѰȻЦûãסɡ
˵ʱɫʯԳƽСǳѩŮС
ǳѩԺܻ뿪ǽɽرǰ֮
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Ϊūֻ·һ޷⣬Ŀܻ뿪Ļᡣȴ̾
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ǷʲôΪλᱻץڿ󣿡
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ǳѩɫȻҸֻԸū澣ǾͰҸɱˣҲץһ͵
ӵҲڣ˵ץԵɣűͿɬ
ЩץɣѰҲ۽磬еǺϵӵܽԹץеĽΪһЩëƤ飬ͱץ
ѰЩţ壬˰Ե
Ϊ壬ϲŸ޿֣ڵھУ£߸ϵֻܳ
ǳѩϣµķϢʮ֮ڣʲô˶УЩǻúЩСƽϣǣСѲܹһЩΪΪġ
ӵҲͷ
Ϊ̸ʱȴϲ޶ٺ⣿
ѰЩ⡣
ޣҵġ
ǳѩҡͷֻܹԼ࣬ϡ
ϴ̫ˣ֮ʢУ˵ȥˣͷС
Ѱˣһп
΢֪СΪϣͳδ˽ʱ̫ãȻȥū飬˲ȥޣ
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ȴʵʵڵطš
Ѱҿ϶ԼǸУµÿһط˲֪ٴΡ
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Ѱ鲻Խ뵽ھЩǿߣǰھУ֪Щİݵ֮£ƾūۣ
Ҫ뿪ǷԸ⣿
ѰȻʵ
ӵɫһ粻ܿͿɬҡͷлǰ⣬뿪Ҳᱻץҵʱס
˵ľܾˣ
Ƕ־嵽εȵزŻ
ѰĿ⿴ǳѩأ
ǳѩĬã͵̧ͷӿѰǰܴ뿪ԺѣҲԸ⣡
ĸѱɱ˶Ϊ˵ūע·һ
һУܹȥ
ڴΪūҲΪβȥƴһѣ
Ѱ˵ͷһӡ
ৣ
һתǳѩԡ䣬೾һɨգǴĿĵѪܱ޺ʧ嶼һ
˿̵֮⣬ѾһݵľˣòŮ
һ˲ѣ¾ͷ˱仯ǳѩ˶סˡ
ʶǰλǰһλ˲õĸˣ
ӵ˼ˣȴ޶ԣǳѩĿ΢ĸ֮ɫ
Ϊλǰİܻ뿪
ǽɽ
ϵĵ̣
ҺԿģɶ͸ˣ
ڴʱһŲشӼԶİ·д
ӵɫ䣬һЩѲߵĻˣ
ǳѩһЩϵѲ߻һִ˵쳣Щ˶뿪


3010 ÷ϻ
ŲԽԽˡ
ǳѩһ̱ú侲ɿ촫ǰӦЩѲ߻
ȴѰЦһЩѣؽš
ǳѩһ
ΪѰĻûڣҲǴ˶ԣ
Ȼһ̾Զİдĸūڴڮҵȣ𣡡
һȺӰһһüǺε֮
Ϊ׵ģһݸ㵭ĮӣһԽͫˡ
ʱǳѩӵĶˡ
â
ǽɽѲ߻Ŵͳ֮һһλ۵澳ڣĺѪʮµū֮ڡ
ÿһ״ޱȡ
ţ
âƻָòǳѩʱ΢΢һһû뵽㾹ÿ
ǽɫͫţǳѩһ¡
ղ˭ڮپâˣվ
âԱߣһɭȻ˵ѶѰ
ΪѰ࣬ģİǰûʶһʱע⵽
Щϵˣ
Ѱʡ
ǳѩһҧƻȥ㣬ǰҲǱץūֻȴһΪЧΪѲ߻ÿǼලѹЩˣÿڵĿʯĿͻᱻǲбضԴЩ֪ж˱Ǻ
â˶⣬Ƹû뵽ΪŬǳѩҵָǡ
ˣ
һ˵ţһӾͳǳѩȥ˸ſɲĻ⡣
飡
ӻûǳѩը
ţֱ̱ףйƤƵ˥ʧǱϵˡ
ʼգѰֻǿ˴һۣûж֡
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âӦ죬תӡ
ֻȸͨһ̱ڵأһ籬飬һ̲Ƶ
˻УҪ췴𣡣ϵĵ̣ǡ
˵꣬Ѱ̽һУâͱѰС
˲䣬âһмͱѰ̽
飡
Ѱֽâ飬ٿڳˣһǣɫ䶼𺳺;֮ɫ
ǳѩӵˣѰʩչİԵֶκݺݾ
ͨͨһ죬Ѳ߻ڵأɫ̵ֻǰǰ
ѰȴǿҲһۣС߰ɡ
ѾӾâļ˽⵽ԼҪ֪ϢȻԸж
ǡ
ǳѩҪ˵ЩѲ߻ôʱȴѰǹһصѲ߻ӰһϢػҽɢ
æѰӰֻľȴþ޷ƽ
λǰжŶǿĵУ
ֱѰǳѩӰʧӵ˲γѣ˸
֣ҪҪҲλǰ뿪˲ʵ
ǰǾâǾ۵ΪȴϢؾͱɱһֻϻף˿λǰҲ̤㲻;ĴڡæǻĿԴӴ˵
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
Ϊ׵ɫһ粻ջȻҡͷλˣǽɽϵĵ̣иûܹ϶ԿĴڣ
һϯһˮͷϣ˶ˡ
壡
ĸ֣κ˾ˣ

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ĿУǳѩ̲סʵ
ʼգѰûκһ˿ҪӰľٶƺ±פǽɽеѲ߻֡
ģʲôֻ迴űǡ
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ǳѩĿܲģ
ɽ·ϣѰжԸΪβҪˡ
һһѲ߻ڸշǵӰʱϢصڵϣ廯ҽɢ
Ϊߵͣʼ
ǳѩע⵽Ѱ֣ǰУǰ·ϣκͼ赲ĵˣգۼҷ𡭡
һĻĻĳһҲѪȣҲûһĶȴǳѩһһε𺳡
ڣ߳˴ϣտȻԶĹؼ䣬˸еů
ǳѩ񲻽һ㱡
ѾǲûмˣԴӱץİǽɽ֮ЩһֱֻڰյĿڿ󣬻Ҫʱʱ̿̽䱸֮մȾūĽӺᡭ
ǳѩûбϣܻŴӿ߳
ڣڴ˿̣ؼգ
Ǹоͷ·Ӻڰĵ䡭
ǳѩܣʱˡ
ڸһƬ޴Ͽȳأ޽Ÿֹ۴αȡ
Ѳ߻ӪأÿһӪؽפǧ֮ڵĻǽɽУӪʮ֮࣡
ϵ񾳳˷飬ڵһӪС
˷飬ӪУһλپĲ
ʱǳѩѰӿ߳ʱͱϿӪеѲ߻һʱһ
󵨣˭뿪󶴵ģ
ȥ
ʮѲ߻ѳ߳
ǰǿߣ
ǳѩǲıЩѲ߻׷ϣǵıӪеһλϵĲﶢϡ
ȴѰ򣬵һЩҪ˽һ£Īš
˵ʱ
䣡
ʮѲ߻ӰڰըҽƮ
һĻóһţţϿӪɧҶѲ߻ˮƵĴϿܵĵг
ͬʱһͳĴ
˭ϵĵҰ
ৣ
һŲΰӰŲƶһϮۣòӢ䣬ϴհ㣬âɡ
ǳѩĶסɷף棡پڣһǽɽκһū̸ɫ䣬־Ĵ
ɾڴʱȴѰȻһЦðһɿ۵Сɫˡ
˵ʱǰһ
䣡
Ͽг糱ˮѲ߻ȫһ͵һҽƮ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѱ̽һץ
Զǳѩеޱη棬һֻӬƵıץסͨһѰǰ
һ˲ϿǧѲ߻Уڴ˵ϵĴҲѹǰ
һĻ׵߸ǳѩ֪Ժհףǡ
λǰλǰǿ󣡣
һ̵ҲԴ£ɫ䣬ԴҲû뵽ǿ߳һˣ˿¡
˭ҶԱ֣ѵͲϵıһ俪ڡ
飡
ǲը
Ѱ־ͽԪʼѻꡣ
ʼգûۿˣȻҲúͶԷϻ
ΪҪ˽飬Чİ취ѻ꣡


3011 ̤
â䣬Ѱǽɽȫ˽⡣
ԣŻؽЩѲ߻ˡ
ԭЩѲ߻Էû֮ˣЩȴΪбɱ޹ū
˵ܳΪѲ߻ģûһ˫մѪȵġ
ʱŶ޽ѻ꣬Ѱ˽⵽йصϢ
ЩϢԪ̵ĵ伮жûмصġ
磬̾ġɽһСա򸲸֮⣬һС족
ɾֺΪģоŸ֮Уһתܽ㾳赲⣬˵ǲ˼顣
磬УгѾʮˣʮɽ⣬ʮһÿһλһ磬ͳԦ飡
ȻҪǣУλ㾳
һЮ죬һ
߽ǡؾ
Ѱǣ޵ļУûкйص顣
Ȼλ㾳ڱԼնɱǺϵϢϷپҲ֪
ЩѰҲ˽⵽ʮǰʱϵһλ㾳Ѿλﾳ㾳һ뿪ھǰ档
Ѱָһ㣬λϹŶ뿪ʱǡ׽̴̡һֽԪ̵ʱ
ɣԴٵвҲǴʱʼġ
ЩѰвһ˿ɻ׽̡̣ǵھ򣬿ɶĻֵָʹ££ЩΪĻµȻɻܵٵв
Щˡ
ζţĻҲ޷ȫƿء١
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Ѱ˳ٿպ游ϫѰĻֵټ֪ĻǺεء
䣡
Ѱ˼ʱ͵һһϵٿ
ǺˣΪϵĵ£
˷Уݹ磬Ӱɱڡ
ÿһϵǿߣһλپӡ
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޵ݣһƺѹա
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£
Ѱ˷飬ڽ˼ĳµģֹҪ£Ҫһ췭ظܲңѾĳĵһĿꡣ
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ˣǱӷϻˣҵȽ±ǡᣬԾԾԣҪô˻˷ǰúñһ¡
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˾УɫõؿѰƲ³ʲô
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䣡
췭ظݡ
˷ǾĿע£˿̻˷ǧ֮ڵǿߣȫӰըĻҽƮ
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ݸһɺӼβֱţΪֶ
㾳Ϣ
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㾳
ۣ֮ȺɽȴУ˵񾳲࣬ǳѾ࣬Ҳûʲô
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˷ɫԴҲ벻Ϻʱһλ㾳ڡ
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ȵȣ֣
͵أʶһ£ͫţ㡭Ѱ
ѰЦǲǺ⣿
ֹ⣬˷鶼µĸоԪ֮ټ٣˵֤
Ѱ֤㣡
Ҳ֪ϢĻӦþͲСˡ
ѰЩɺҡҡͷ
飡
һ̣˷ͱɻҽɢ
ͬʱѰʶɢ˲ϢǽɽÿУЩѲ߻ں޷¾ѱе
Ѱջʶʱǽɽ£ûһϵǿߡ
СҪȥһ⣬˵˶Ѿʧôʱ䣬Ǿʹ˱
ѰĿ⿴ǳѩ
ǳѩסûӸղŵһĻĻлعѰҪ뿪Щֲ
İɣĻԺ϶ϲл鷳ˡ
ѰЦŰǳѩһ䣬뿪
ǳѩȻǰܲܡһȥ
ѰһΪ⣺㲻£
ǳѩᶨ£뿴һǰνֵ췭ظģ
ֱһ̣¶ϵĺ⡣
ǰ֪ûܺϣŻϵûС
ڣѾʶѰһλ紫˵㾳ڣѰϣϼܻѵϣ
á
ѰǳѩƬ̣ûٷϻһŲնȥ
һ죬Ѱھ̤ǽɽϵһƮȻȥ
һ죬ǽɽеūȻػɣɳϵǣֻм׳ŵƬɽ󲿷ֶĬĬ˿
ǲߣǲң
ǶֻҪ䣬ߣӵĺǣҲᱻץ


3012 ɽǰ
·ϣѰܵھеعɳס㾳
Ҳֺھֱ֮ˡ
Ҳֻȵطݵʮ壬ԼЩ㾳С
طвͨ
һõط
һ·ϣѰŲƸ·ٶȼ죬;ɽˮ嫾ܾ飬ܵӵԶĴ
⻹ֻѰɼģһЩĶ츣õĺôעࡣ
Ѱ֪ھ򲢷ֻʮͶʮĸ塣
ƬУֲ飬ʤȺ
һ⣬Щڲͬ¡
Ϊھĵ̣ѱЩͲϷָɾҪڵھϢֻѡ񳼷
͵ڰ״Щơ
಻ͬľڣ߰ӴѲ֪ж£Ƶب棡
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Ͳһˡ
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ȻǶѰһ˶ԡ
κκǿ˵㾳ʮ壬޷Ĵɽ

ɽ
ͨ帲ɽһؾ硣
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ڣҲֻгѾԲϵˣʸС
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üͷһϮۣƮȻ񣬷Ȼ峤ȴǳѾԲΪ
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ŵѵΪոƽ֤ѰһˣɱǾλ㾳
ʲôܵģˣʦ𷽴֮ھԣ;֣עе֪߸˵󡣡
˵ǰЩʱѰѾִͨս֤˲;ǿ󡣡
˶٣ӷɬĹ⣬οΪӦѰвǼԪ֮Ļĺ֣ɿܻᴫּ⣬ҵ׽̵̡һȥɱѰһ
һϮۣҰ׵ĳɢò¡
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λ㾳ķĶó
һ紫ˣȴ쵽֤㣬ɱλ㾳ϹŶ
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죬ų̾Ѱʱɱھ򡭡ǿɾΣˡ
ȴЮЦ峤ĪҪѰŵˣǵھϵĵ̣ѰɱҲؽ赲֮⣡
͸žԵš
һԣսһԶ֮࣬ȴע޷򣡡
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Ϊܹ㾳ڣ
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ˣ廹з֮󣬻ҺЮڣѰɱҲע޹
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ٸɣããԪ֮ٵӰ̫أѰ죬ҲעᱻǷС
ԣЮһ̾
Ϊ˱ܿٵвϵﾳˣʮǰ뿪ǰ档
ˣȷѰһˡ

أһɣڴ
һ͵ӰҲ֣֮ڵأߵ׵λˣһԳѰ˳ɽ⣬Ҫ峼򣬾Ҫ̤ƽɽ
Ѱ
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ղŻ۴ˣˣܲ⣿
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޷ȴشĿУϳ˵Ļ
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ˣϷ򣬽˱ǡ
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䣡
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ֲɽе˶׷ͣжɫ¶֮ɫ
Ƿʲôˣ
ˣϰɽƽ˶ûм
ڣתˣӿֳ춯صĴơ
ͬʱɽ֮⣬ѰҲע⵽һĻӲ΢΢Уɫɲ
һ
ǿԼһֹ
ͷðѰЩڴˣʮ򶼶ߣ㹻Լڡﾳʱˡ
Ѱһᣬھ뿪ܱȫС򣬱ֱ̱㽫ɱڴˡ
أǵĮؼ
ȴѰΪȻЦЦĳ֮Բֱɱȥ޷Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬽ɽߣΪĳûжԸֶΣɾʹشˡ
䣬ŭЦ𣺡ѰԼ
羪ף쳹ʮ
ţһ춯صĺ𣬾ͼһȼյĴڿգһ޴ޱȵĻԲ񻷣Ѱɱ
һ˲ضһƬããֲ֯Ϊʮִգһ޴ĻԲ񻷣ǵȻϢֱ㾳ﶼ


3013 ս
һǵԶ㾳ͷųܡ
һ˲ɽΪĵУи֮ԸܵһɻϢ
ϵ򣡡
ܡѵ˭ǰϲɣ
ЩӦǿߣܵţبϾ֮ϵİɴӲ顣
߶򣬶ɽѰչʱе飬ܵǻĿֲܣһʱȫɫˡ
ɽоս

ͬһʱ䣬Ѱԭأ΢΢̧ͷ
ʮִ۳ɵ񻷼֮գâƵױȵĻ

߿˵һĹܡ
ͷʱǵȻתռǿ󵽲˼ĵز
ؾǿߣҲâ
Ѱûˡ
Ǿ޴ġ񻷡֮ѹʱ̽ұָۣڿһץ
䣡
㷨ӿֶһֻ֡
ֳֻʼѰ˵ûʲô𣬿ɵӳٿͱ󣬼ֱִ֣֮Ļڱɽ
ÿһָ֮
һ֮أӿŵľǻɬµ㷨
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Ǿ޴ޱȵġ񻷡Źͷųٵصܣȴ͵ץס
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Ȼģ֮أڱǰδеĴս
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սì
ȴѰɫƽָһ

սì裬ָӲסҵĲһĨ磬ɽЮС
У˿ƻƽͣӰǧ֮ߴ졣
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ЮߣìԣųѤõâֲϢ
ͬһʱ䣬һӳЮϣΪϵ㾳ڣȻҲܹԼҵһսʱӳҪԶԶʤͬ
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ȭͷ̫㣬һȭ£ƵĲضΪ֮
Ю֮ǰѼѰսһĻĻĿ֪ܲѰս졣
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䣡
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ɽˣĺⷽսδҲ̫죡
Ļҳɣԥ߶Ю죬Ѱɱȥ


3014 շ֮
䣡
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ȴѰһ󺣰˵ƾһӱһء
ˣ
ԨնѰͷ֮ϣܹѹŽδһһơ
ǺƾжɲȴĴʯϣ޷Ԩ˿
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⡭
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ȴû˵
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к䡣
ν߲߲ơѰȾ֮¹ƿԺϽаĵƣ
䣡
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ֻǣЮĴȴˣѰѹŹƾúεͨһһ򱬣
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ʵϣڸնɽ֮Ѱһ֮ɱλ㾳ڣ½ֻǶԸЮһ˶ѣȫͲڻ¡
䣡
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ףѰĵУվЮǿ̫࣬Юɽӳ֣޷֧ŵڡ
ڴڼ䣬Ҳһֱȫ߶򣬿ƾҲ޷Ԩ
£ѣЮѸۡ
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еأеıе翿飬еʥҫۡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ıӳֱŽľˮ硢ס
ȫɾֺ׾Ʒ죬ӵе֮ʢԿԺ
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ֱһĨȼյĹ̫貺ͳʢӿޱȾ˵Ļܣֻȥ˸еļ¡
ѰһӿѽıԴ


3015 ·
Ӱ֣ɽܵܵǣ㣬еİǽ۶ȥ
¡
˽ԽԽʢԽԽǿᣬֱһգվʮأͷųϢҲѰĿ
ЦˣԴرãûٵˡ
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һֱŵĴգŰĽ⻯޾âգپ
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ڵѰᵽˡ
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ʮ
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˵ʱѰһץԴĵУֱץסʱ貵һĨ⡣
Ю졢Ѳڣ֮Ҳѱϡľûˣ
ѰԶɽ
һо۵׵Ѿȫ־ûǵһʱѡ롣
ںܾúܾǰϵԼҵϿһ·
·һϵļֻ̳Ҫ̤ϣ˲ھŲ뿪
ֻ¹ȥΪھ֮һϣӲκεΣգ·ȴ
Ϊһ֮Ȼˡ
Ųգ˸һϵļ̳ǣѾɳá
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һɿֲ˲ϢɢƬضסӰĳӣĶ޷ֺ
ɫױˣһĶȵףǷ

ڣȴ»뿪Ψһϣˣ
һѾ;ĩ·ʱ򡣡
ѰӰƾճ֣ɫʧǰҲ˿
֮ǰһֱлɱﵺ͵ƣϾһ壬ۻµĵ̣ѱûֶΡ
ڿԼƺЩˡ


3016 ĵ
ҰпѰӰѰǡ;ĩ·ֻ֣һ˵ıзɢ
һ̣Īܾǰһ¡
֮꣬ٵھԵ;֣ؽе֪߸˵
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ǹӲֹġ;ĳˣҲУ
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ڵע޷Ťת͸дġ
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ʵϣûĻûٵ㾳Ļᣬָٹˡ
ѰͳԦһڽ£Ϊ峤Ӧϵ˸ɳ˶ŭԹ顣
飬㱻ϺüȥޣȥԹȻҲȥ𡣡
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ô£ŭԵ飬ؽû˽ҵı
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һ־࣬ǿޱȣܣԶؾɱȡ

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ӰһϮۣ뷢Ұףò꣬ȴźزãϢ
Ѳ죡
ϵһλڣ˿ӳʱģѲ־ࡣ

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ֿ˿ѰһĵüѾǺ⡣
Ŀܲµϣǰδ֮٣
Ŀ֪ܲǵصʱ̣ܻᶯԼ־ࣿ
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ֲܿ̽һץӿ֣Ϊ
䣡
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ѰĸҵҲȼյ¯Դĵ
飡
춯صײУѰ˶õ˳ɾ룬֮ݴһֱѷ졣
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Ѳֻһ־࣬ǵܣȴҪԶԶؾ֮ϣ
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սƬ˲ϢУһз׹磬ǽսìĹӰֲɱײ쾪װ¡¡쳹
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Ѳ־࣬ʢͿɲһսìâ˫
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ȻѰڴ˾սޱ죬Ѿľ£е
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ۼѲɱѰԥʩչ壬һѲ־й
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ʶһ⣬Լǵ͹ӵеɹһδٵĴڣԶǰ򵥡
һ־ֻ࣬Ѳ챾һɴۣӡһ־֮ǵܣȴǿ˵زȫѰԤ
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䣡
һֱ̣ӽ׽ҲʩչһѲ־й
ҲǴʱѰſֵסѲǿ֮ĹƣֱѹƵ״̬нѡ
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Ҳֻƾеľ棡
һ룬ĴŲڱһȫ֣ҲֻƾС
ɴ˱֪Ѳ־ε֮ǿ


3017 ˷
ѰԾͬʱѲ־Ҳŭӣ޷
־˵ѹؾڣǶﾳĽɫҲռơ
ڣֻֽһؾڵˣɱһƽɫ
ȻԷĵһ֡
Ҫ֪ڣ
ֻһ־һؾھٶ࣬Ҳռ˶ơ
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ɱ
ѲɲˣõĵԳĿֲ
ȴڣΪãԸ⣬ܻٵһ硣
ͬһʱ䣬ѰҲƴȫɱ۾ȫԸԼյһֶζͷų
̤㾳ڣ⻹ͷһ˿µĶ֣ҲĶ־ս⡣
ɱ
߼ɱ˴˶޲ýԷֱɱذɽǸص򶼾ҷѡ
̬˰ӵʱ䡣
ۼþ޷ѰѲҲˣֻһ־࣬յֻ᲻˥ȥ
ʱϵԽãͶԽǲ
ѰΪǱһ֮ۺԶһ־ɱȣԳõսȥ
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ŻļѰԥɽֱָһУȥһ⡣


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ҲȻ֪һʱϱѰһ˹ˣ
Ю졢λ㾳ϹŶԼ峤ѱ֮ѱѰ׽ȡ
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޴ٶ֮ҲʶڽʱڵɽһǰδеĴս
˭˴󵨣
ˣף壬飿
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ͳԦƬ꣬볼޸Ҳߣû뵽ڽ죬˸ɱϵϳ
Ҳµǲǿߣһʱ䳯ɽȥͼ̽Ϣ
ֻǣǿȴһƬǴɽӣ𣬵ǴĿĵսۼ
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Ҳ֪˭ڽϵ˶û֪ݡ
ȥϢɡ
̽ɽȻִҴ뿪
û֪ɽУ˷ǣ

ҹ
ɽؾУѰӴһĵѻָ۷״̬
һӡ
һԼĪƴСһһ׵ĻԲ̸ֶ
֣
Ǵҵһ˱Գ磬Ѱɱɽ֮ǰ˶˴˱ڡ
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ʱ֪һ帲ϢЩͳԦūµǿߣǻһʱͶЩչѪȵı
Ͼж˻Ѱġ
»û壬ûԺҲעûĿܣ
ѰģһۻµĲƸ


3018 ƾ
ЩѰ۹ԽԽ
֤ѰĲεıѾ벻ķۡ
ңڰʮͷһһ̤Ҳɱ㾳ڣÿһζõ챦
ʲôϡҩ֮ıżʡ
ɵһµĲƸѰǴƬ̣۾ЩŲ
Щ䱦ѻһɽ亱ϡġҩҲһЩ廨ŵ䡣
Էűضѷš
ʺ徳еı￪ʼʺϳʥ׼۾۾Ρ
ÿı޲ʱģ
ھ򱾾һƬ磬ɽˮԶɱȡ
̾ɽǵھĶ츣أǲٽ޵ߵĵͻͽ
ټۻЩƸ֪ĵһԶˣ
ܿ죬ѰĿⱻһѻɽ
ɽҪС࣬ѻĽ㾳ı
񵤡תɢ衭
Ѱע⵽ÿһֵҩԱзʮ֣ÿһֽɸֺҩƶɣŲ˼á
ЩѰһԶ
ǧϣרģһԾˣżֲϢ
϶ԣЩȴȲѰڹʱЩȫԳ䵱ߵϡ
ΣǧɳƵ޼֮Ϊû˻

ѰһӣЩҲ
һЩ;йص䣬صӡϢĵǣ׫дһЩ㾳ĵõ񲯽飬С廨ţĿ
ѰЩʱп壬ҵ׼ֱ̫ʵˣ
գЩʺıﱻղ֮⣬ıﱻͳͳ𣬴Ժ󽻸Щʹá
㣬ЩòϵıֵʮͷӵеĲƸܺͣ
ȻѰ˴ջ
һ򣬼ֵ
ˣɷ֮ľֺԼЮϵ
ЮԪʬҲѼԺա򡱵İ壬ͬı
ΨһźĻǣͽ˷֮ţѾĥ򳹵Ĩˡ
Ҳ֪ǷѾ֪˽顣
ЩƸѰ˼⡣
սʼĻɽûԹߣӦһʱҲ֪Ѿѵ顣
˼ʱѰһľӳɽȥ
Ѱʼ
֮սòܹеĿ֮񵤡תɢ裬ؾĵнŲ˼á
ܹǰ弾֮ǰٽΪһ׶Σô־࣬ҲնԸѲǰࡣ
ңѰôʱ佫򡱵İֻҪֱԴ֮ڻɱ㾳ֺϴó
ʱ
ľ巵أѰ˲Ϣ͸ӦʱУľ彫һƬƿصѲ߮һ飬ȷĿǰ֪ѾϢ
Ҳ֪оսɽɽڣʶﶼ϶һսлʤϵĵˡ
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һ̷ƥ֮ѰںȻɢ
ǵһֲ˼ĵزۺѰۺޱȵĵУ˿̶еһҪըĹ֮С
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ڣѰԴ˵е
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ѰҲ֪Լ̫ۺԶͬɱȣŻһ񵤺ΪֻǾһء
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һΣһʱѰܵԼΪͻؾڵز
ڶ񵤳ؾڵĵѱüʵޱȡ
ѰĸӦжϳؾڵԼյսҪؾʱǿң
Ѿһ侪˵Ľ
֪ؾʱһԾţɱһؾڣǶѲ־࣬Ҳܽ
սɣ֪ٶԸͬʱעֻɺʹݣ
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Ѱ뵽⣬˹ǱЮ졢ؾڣǰ񵤵ͻﾳıĿܻͶã
룬ѰջǾʣµһ
Ÿ֤㾳ʱ䣬ʱܹͻﾳ
£ֻҪܹؾĵаش£͸㹻ˡ
ʵϣ㾳ޱȵļѺѡ
Ϊı̫ϡ٣㾳ڻ˲֪꣬ΪҲһֱؾڡ
ףΪʺ㾳Դ̫ȱԵʡ
Ѱһ
֤㾳֮ǰʹӹ֮л˴ƾԴʯѪʯ꾧㷨ȵȡ
ֱ̤㾳ɱ٤ѡȾλ㾳ڣҲ˴ĺ㾳йصսƷ
ڣǽӵеȫƸգ
һˣȴռһӵеԴҲͲΪ
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Ѱʼ
񵤺ܿͱһգѰͣЪóҩתɢȵȡ
º
컯ݾתɢŻ裬ԼʮҩѰһΪٴʵһͻơ
һؾڣ


3019 ǰ
¡
ؾͻƣ̤ؾڣ
ȽٶȥǷЩ㾳ϼһµɡ
֮УķѲ֪Ϊһ̨ס
Ѱã¾ͻС磡
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Ϊȷ̫ˣ
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ۻ²ӵе㾳Դڶ̶̰ڱԼĵɣ
ͬؾڸܲģ
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ۻµԴΪѰΪĽ䵱£̳һͻͽ֮·
ΪӵеսѾؾʱһң
Ѱĸı仯Ҫ˾ԲزȴѾƾԴܰ쵽
ѰʶԼҪľǳ͹̵У˲ĥ³ԲΪ

һѰʼ˼ڲ򡰹ϡ
򣬴ŹֱԴֱǻѪꡣ
ÿһ֣ԿƽɣԵһӵееǿߣܹӵеѪΪȫһһԭʼĴԴ֮
ڹ֮ʱѰᡣ
ʦӵ˵֮޷Ļƿأԭ֮ء
֮صıԴģֱԴϣ
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ڣѰӵв򡰹򡱵ʸ񡣲ӵڲֱԴʱҲԶ˸׺ɡ
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Ѱһһȫתͼϳһ㷨һյĴ㣬ɽС
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СѾͷҪˣԺĪҪ˵ʶ飬ǻɱ֮мǡ
УѰɽЦڡ
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ϴˣ
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Ϊ족ҲΪ
ϢտʼɢһҹѰѾ͹뿪̤ǰ弾ϵ̡


3020 
ӿϼ硣
弾ƿصһƬ嫽
̾ġʼɽλӿϼС
Ƴǡ
ӿϼǧ͹ų֮һ
ˡ
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ѰŲڽй䣬Ժзɿ˼й弾ϵһЩ
Ϊʮ֮һļϣӵλؾ㾳
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꣬ѰһĨâ

͵꼾ɽ˵شӦ̫ϵֹ̫ڽжȹ
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ɴҲԿΪ壬ϵεǿ
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ۼԶһӰѰɫֱǰ
һ뷢ƮȻɷǵߣӵ񾳵УڵھҲѿһ𶥼εĴˡ
ۼѰ赲ǰ߲üˣΪεҵ;
Ѱ΢΢֣и㣬һ뼾塣
¶м֮ɫԭûϲμϲ磬ˣɲ˭ܵõģϷ򻨷˽ǧʱ䣬źò׺ͼϽһ߹ϵصšʲôҲȥ
нҲ
˵գ߾ҪǰС
ѰһѰסļЦڻҪķݶϣҾͲƽ㻰еĲڣ·ߡ
˿̣λӵ񾳵е߻ֱð亹ɫû֮ǰİͲм
ѰǴֿ⣬ȴн罣ֺзͻᱻ˲Ĩɱ㣡
˲òòϴӶͷ亹ΡΡ߶µؿڵ
ǰǰǼһĵ̣ڴ¡ǻذ


3021 ǰ þò
壬ڵھبų档
û˻ڼϵϳǰ£ΪǺûʲô
߾ΪģԲŻСءѡѰ
ȴѰЦЦʲôҶţֳʲô۶ӣҾ˵һġ
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ģֻҪɽţҾͷ뿪ұ֤۷ʲô飬ǣ۵㡣
Ѱڵѡй¶ϢĻ
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˵꣬߾ظ֤ʲôЦԼȥģʶƣԼҲѲϵ
ͽл͵ɣʺҲʺˡ
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Ѱ֣߲һԴɽɽȥ
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һΣپܾѲǱһǰ򵥣ø׶峤λáһʧƣеĴעø
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˵Ȼһ̾ʱһ룬У˿ޣǶԣȴǺεȲңȻپΣȻ̤㲻;Σ漰ʱҲעֻһöƾڲӰˡ
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ֻǣǾɫȴһ˿ϲɫ
ѰƬ̣˵ղͬҼϵ飬Ҳ˽áǲҪϽҶס㡣


3022 Ե
Ҷס㡣
˻Ѱз˵ů⡣
ĴѾȲȵزȴѺ͹ػԼİΣ
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ֻǣһ뵽һЩоһ䣬Щ꣬Ҳ˵һЩйص飬֪ѾԪͥеһλŴ˽ԴֻҪһȥԺжµһ졣£ǧĪҪϵҼϵĻˮ
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겻СӿɱԽԽԵˡ


3023 ͼľ
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ᣬȻĵǺεǿ󣬶ԣֻȻ
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Ѱӷ𼥳֮ɫǴȥͨ籨ţ˼֮³ͱƣӶﵽɱѰĿģ


3024 
ڵصģмФһλ񾳲ڡ
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ûܴ򿪷ţõڵأüФѿѰǺεķ̻Фŭ
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ⷿУв١
Фɵȵȡ
һĪ׵Ԫĭ㱻飬ѰĿѾڳһЩˡ
Ҫʲô
˲С
ѰĻָ
ಣ
һһӳЩڵжӪļնɱһ
ͼɫ𲻶ɫޱȸӣɲδֹ
ЩŵļܵţѰһչֱ֪ʲôпɱոݽ㣬ԽԽԵᡣ
ܿ죬оֻʣءɽͼͼ߰˸ˡ
ФĪס֮ĽɫѾɱ
Ȼλ㾳ڻڣѰԺá򡱵Էˡ
룬ѰĿ⿴أǰڴ˵һȥΣ
ȥɱЩϼһʱءɽͼǻеӦĲ̡
Լȥж
֪ʮѰΪжд̣Ҳ⡣
Ϊأʹɱ䣬иˣ


3025 
Ѱ˻ȴüͼһСѣɲ
ǰģзִ硣
Ѱ˵
룬ͼһСѣŵùңһȥһΣæ°빦
Ѱܾȴ̲סףҪѰȥ棿
ͼ˵ͷ
ӳɵִһ̬ڵķӦæô
ͼѰʱѰСڣҲıһ̬ȡ
ضʱˣǴѰֻ֣Ҫƿش˵Ϳռơ
ͼɫӵ¾ƣҲֻˣ淢صңЩ޹¶ᱻ
Ѱòпϵͼ˾٣νץס˹ؼգǼ̤㾳ϼһĻ
˽⵽УһؾԲڣҲĿǰڼϵλ㾳֮һ
ռͼ˵⼾Ծһɡ
߰ɡ
ͼжˡ
Ѱ룬վЩģĿ⿴غͼɽ磬ǶҶҵıΣ
á
鲻ԽͨؾʱѰЩĹ⾰
ɽȻҲܾ
Ѱͽ˰Ԩڡ
ΪϢ©Ҳλίһ¡ѰĿֿͼЩϴǡ
ɻѡ˳ӡ
ѰҲЩս˱С
ͼһо۵ףаСӵǿȫŮǰԪ̣Ҳǻ¡
ǰ߰ɡ
Ѱ˵ţѳܵĽ
ͼ˵ͷȴ·

Ͻ롣
صĺĵشһֱ㾳
Լϵһλںλﾳʮǰ뿪ǰ֮ɼ
ռǧɷΧŻɬص
ɽϣһϵĵ
ͼѰյִǰһĮʹһϵĵд峤
ͼ΢΢֣ҪҪ̣һ̸
ձضĴ֮գ⵱׵ĲȥӴǰصıͣȴңĪǻǲضʹ˱޳ȥ
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ͼüһĨȻһҪȥڴʱ̵ڴ𣬡ߵ˭
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Ҫң
Щ⡣
ͬʱѰһӴʶɽϡ
Ѱɫֵѡ
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ֻǣѰĵк󣬼ЩԾ
һ̣Ӱͳɽϵһǰ㾳ڣΪǰҴӲ֪ضһλѣ
ͬʱѰҲ˼̣ӰСһۣѩ֬ƵģһͷīɱӴ䣬¶һŮӣһԴƯ鶯ȴźĵĮ֮⡣
䵱ӿʱֱһԻ磬ޱȡ
ѰѰҲϻֱݡ
Ѱ
ƯһޱȾ㾹֤ˣؾڣ
ʶԼʧ̬ˣ˵Լעصˡ
Ѱ
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з⣬ͼ峤⾿ô£òΪ˲ض޳ȥԪ̰йһ𣿡
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ͼһΪ͡
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ԲţоޱȻϵĵ䲻Ǽǿ󣬿Ҳ壬Ю졢򣬻ӻܹ
Ҫ˵ʲôѰȥһӣɽ͸ֶ
Լһǡ
ѰܲԸַʽȥ˵һˣǸоͺԿһ
ɼ̵ı֣ʶóЩ֤ݣǸŷϵһС
ɽɫֲƵľɫĵУȻϴ
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ĿԼŮ㣬ĿŮίسޣ
ʶŻѡѰ
ΪѰǰԼһҲǰһŮ
ǴǼɱ
ͫһȻˣҶϲܴӦ
ͼӿ˵Ĳʣɫӵ棬ЩĴǺεȲɶ۵ףãһֱȥ峤峤𣿣
͸ŨŨķŭ
һ̾㡭ҲȥкԼ˰
ںŮ
ͼ׷ŭδ峤ģͳͳ̣ŮҪȼ޳ȥһʲôףʲô峤
ĬȻƬ̺˵飬ҶԴӦ㣬ΨϣҲܴӦ
ףվҪ֡
ˣһֱѰҡҡͷһ̾
˵ʱȥ
ͫһۻӶ
䣡
£ҫ۵ӿ֣̺ˮ㳯Ѱȥ
ʼ
һĸڣӻ£ҲǼܹΪ壬̡
ڣɼ̲ţɱѰ


3026 
䣡
ӿʴĲɫʱֱϲ֮޺ݺݳ˸ļµĹ⡣
κؾ㵨
ڸյִھʱѰҲҪȫ
ڡ
ͼӰһĨƥУɢ貴ĿĹ⣬ն
ͣ
ƵʼһٲѰӰֱ˺ѳһѷ죬һ·ֱ
˲Ϣ͵ִɽϵĵǰò˼顣
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һȴѰһץסǷкĦɽ˺ѶĤ
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˵ţͽѹԨ
ת߽һĹϵС
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ⳡУεҲֻϯڵУʸӵһϯ֮صģǺεıͣ
ĿżῴԶֺޱȵ
һ˲ʯ֮ϣ֯ɵĺ̺ʯ࣬һ¯ʯ֮ϵڣһƬͻͬϯֻǣΨмıͣϯС
Ȼۣ˭񹬺һ֮ǰľ룬һǵĺ蹵
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˵գ̫ϵһЩѾִУںͼϵλ㾳ӭȢ֮¡
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һ۾ϳǾεӰԼŽʼɽˣսǿò˼顣
ʱʲô
ŶԷȻݣⲽǰе̬ĪЩš
ͬʱѰҲߣδᡣ
ңңԶΡ񹬣ŵƽʣͻ̫ͣϵӭ׶ͽؽߡ
ֻѰԼ֪һвᷢˡ
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ɵһȥʱĿ
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ڳ֮УֻѰʲôıͣһûУ
ʱۼѰǰһȺϵĻѾԾ赲ǰ
ˣüϷ֣һҴģһ;¾Ҫһ
Ķˡ
ֹԼ˭ÿ񹬡
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ЩǿߵӰεĴ߬סܿƵس˱ܿóǿź̺ʯ·
Щǿ߽¶ŭ֮ɫУȴȫȴһָͷ̧
ȫľ׮Ƶģǡ
⡭
޴˶ע⵽һĻɫ΢䣬Ҳ˲Ծ
ԭֵն˲١
޴ĵܣͬɢ༾ˣ˿̶¶֮ɫ
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Ҫǣ񹬣Ǽĵĵشʱ֪жٴڣ
ֻҪһЩ˭޴ڴ˵Ұ
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վס
ǰȻҲפл֮Ľɫһ¼ˡʰ׶ϵѰʱһʱγһߣǰ


3027 ϲϼϲ
վס
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񹬴ǰǿߣһɫǼϲεĽɫ˿̶ɱڵؽѰϡ
һ˼ݣȴ
ѰУĿܽЩɫС
̧ۿ˿񹬣ŽĿ⿴ЩԼĲδڡ
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Ѱڣ˵һ˽ԸеĪĻ
һ̣ǰ
飡
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һű񱻵ȼųɺ̻
Ŀģ
⡭
֪˱ԭľ磬һӱû֮ǰ̸Ц޵߽ͣж뿴˹ȥɫ
ڴɱˣ
˾УͷƤ顣
ʼɽ弾ϵĵ̣˭쵽ף
ûУ
˵Ѱ֮㾳ڣڼϵϳж֣
ǿһɱһڲ
֪˱ѪȵһĻû
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ǲ𡭡

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ǽգĹͷ񶼻С
ģǼϵλ㾳漾ƺͼᣡ
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߳ʧأ۾ֱģǣԴҲ޷뵽ЮԼһʼɽˣڴʱ˿˷顣
һƬ𺧵ķΧС
Ѱǰʯ׾ͷȻӰΪȫĿĽ㡣

֮ǰʱһƬɵա
ƺͼףƵƵϯڴеı;ơ
ǱּߣѰ˸ûʸԽӴ
һβһϯеģĹ͡
ϡϡҶϡϡ
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ЩǰصĽɫҲеĴΪгѾС
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ϼϵһЩڣµУǳѾڣнʮˡ

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һϮۣͯպ׷ʱһڣ˽Է׷׾ٱ
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ֻһСģܿ˵ĻתƵ¾ϣţɱأĵԪ̺Ѱ
ǰһʱ䣬ھߴǲһλ㾳ڽٵ򣬺׽̵̡λ㾳һǰԪ̶ԸѰ
ɽȴ͵һνԪʱһȫûһ
ȻѾȥӽʱ䣬ɴµӰȴ̫ˣЩһĲ
Ǵ¶ѾƶϳѰȻѶɽɹǾλ㾳ҲǱɱ
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ˣЩ循µǣϴȥɱѰжǼԪ֮ĻĴڣ
֤Ѱӵеĵ;ǼԪ֮ĻĴڶев
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һϹԾɲЩиǷޱȣҲǿ󣬿ɱϾ̤㾳
˿ͻȻֵѰܲɵ
λĪţҼϵĵϣݲһҰ

һ仰ˣõǶ͵ʶ԰Ǽϵϳмơ㾳򣬺뾪壿
Ѱȴǰʲô
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̾ضѰҲǻ£ǡóô˻ᣬɱڴˣҼ϶ԣҲϲϼϲ


3028 һ
ϲϼϲ
Ѱԣ߲һĨڽȣĳʶʶʲôϲϼϲ
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䣡
һͷŻѰھѣֲɽХɢ
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ٿѰεӰŻɬµ⣬һϮ죬ƾǰȴ֮ϵװ㣬ңɼĸԶ֮С
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һᱻѹ
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Ѱ޵аӰΪؼ޵һĨ⣡


3029 ޿ƥ
ᡣ
ؾԲڣھ㾳ϹŶУʹ˵ϵoҲûʲô
ɴʱȴѰһܣ
ĿһĻˣ𺳵Դհף޷һλ㾳ڣ˲
޷Ѱӵкεȿֲս׾ٵذ쵽һ
һУԵֲ̫
飡
Ѱֽ̧ɫдȻļԨĿԶļơ
˿̵ļƣѳɫ䣬ŭ֮࣬еǵĺ;塣
Ѱǿɵ߸Ԥе˲
ֳ˴󶯾Ϊμȴ
Ľơ
ûм̣޷ƿɱУƾѰĶ֣
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˵ţжһɫߣɢǿƥϢ
ƵɫһӲҰеԴᱻƿأѵ
ͷƤ飬³֮Ծþò֣ѾѰѹ
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ڼԾĿע£ɫĽ⾹һд߽⡢
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͸žŭȻʺͺȻ
޷ţ־㱻ٵҲ޷һУ


3030 ʱҲҲ
򱻶ᣬ֪
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3031 ӭ׶
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ڳ̫ϵǿߣҲͷĴΪĶ񾳲Ρ
ɴ˿ԺȻ飬Ѫˮɽһһ⣡
ȻѾ̤;ˣ
һ̣̫ɫ쳣ѿдء
ֹ̫ѱɫɷףӿ𲻿ƵĿ־壬ѰѾ֤ˣ


3032 ج
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ǲص־෢˻ȫƴ㣬Ҫľһȥסһ̫ƿһ·

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̫ȣȽ֮ұػǰ̫һ⣬һǷпɿ֮С
Ѱ̫ǰƽ

̫ŭ
Ѱ΢΢һЦٶԣ̽һץͽ̫߬סԨ
ת߽ʼɽ
ԣ̫ϵ֧ӭ׶飬ȷͺͽһСûʲô

塣
Ѱе֪̫һ֧ӭ׶ѾϢغͼɽǼͼԵ򶨲٣û֮ǰǰʧ̬
ʶѰˣ֪ⱾȻ顣
²˳٣Ҵھǰ̫ϡ
ѰԼľ˵
һ㣬峿뿪ϵĵ̣뿪ʱɽߣϢעѾʼ
Ҳʱһʱ䣬ǲ֪ǷѾ֪Ϣ
ΣѰץʱ価ж
ЩǰӦػӰ쵽ж
Ҽڱд͹󣬿̫ͨƿصĽУСѵΪֻҪʱɵִ̫̾ġ춼ɽ
ͼɿ˵ǣǲСѵģӻǡ
Ѱ˵ͷǾô졣
죬Ѱͳ˴뿪

춼ɽ
̫֮̾ء
գ̫峤ͽӮȡŮΪޣ̫϶ԣͬǴϲ֮ա
춼ɽڣַǷϲޱȣ紨Ϣĳˮģﲻ
̫峤̫ͨ˿дһǰصĹͣЦ档
̫̫ͨϵһڴҲѾ롣
㾳̫顢̫ۣҲϯУλȻһڹƵƵơ
ϣֻڵһĻĻ̫ͨȻһ˵Ժ
˴̫ϺͼҲĿ̫ϵҲ֮ˮǴߡ
Ȼһ׮ֵý顣
ԣζһֽ˵Ĺϵ̫ͨȷţԺھ̫Ϻͼϵĵλ
峤ˣ
أһ̵ֻõôֻǢնʱһţ˶׷̸ֹͣ⡣
̫ͨɫҲһŻţɺͳѵھ˲ɣ
⣬һͻֱð亹ڵض߶µ峤д·
һ仰ô˸˼졣
տ̫ϵĴϲ֮գʲôʷɣ
̫ͨüͷһ塣
ʱ㾳̫ƾճǰĮĪţ˵˵˺£
ŵһʱûôѿھͽ˵ڸոգе̫ıơˣ
ʲô
̫ͫһɫ䡣
ٿˣҲһ׻ǣѹš
ϵ̫ͨýӲ˫Ŀʧ
̫䣡
̫ϵһλ㾳ڣ峿ʱͳӭ׶ǰϣͻȻˣ
˭ģ
̫ͨзǣ̫䣬ζĶֹ̫Լӭ׶鶼ѣ
뵽⣬̫ͨǰһ󷢺ڣֽŶ΢΢ôᷢ顭
ֹԴ˶ԣج̫ͻأҲ̫ˣĺ㣬Ǹеޱȡ
֪Ǻʱģ
̫黹侲ʵ
ڵصͽͰ͵ӦáӦʱǰ
̫һ˼⣬ʱƲ̫ǵٶȣʱǰӦþǵִ＾ڵʼɽʱ
ɫһ䣬ѵ˵ɱ̫Ǽϵˣ
϶ͼйأ
һ̣峤̫ͨҲƲһ㣬ҧھܹɱ㾳ģֻ
һʱ𶯻Ȼѡ
Ǽϣ
δҲ̫޷š
֪챾̫ϺͼӣɥĲ񣬶̫ϵӭ׶鶯֣
˵Ǽϣ˭ܰ쵽һ
һʱ䣬ķء


3033 ֪ƫ
ϲ֮գȴجģ̫ϵЩ类һƹŭޱȡ
£춼ɽϲ֡
ֻڣȴܲѹֵ˶촭
£ϱһ
峤̫ͨɫÿ¡
һ׮Ŀļѻڣ̸̫ʲô
Ҫ̫Ҫʲô
أһȻ
˭
һӣ̫̫ͨ顢̫۵һڴӽˢˢ˴⡣
еһڱͶһ⣬˭˴󵨣ʱ˵

ͼһεӰⲽ߽˴һϮ°ɫ忡ףѰ
ĿһɨˣЦãĲ̫
ȷΪ̫Ȼûг׷Ӧûκεķ;衣
Ѱô㡭
̫ͨסˣ۾ùԲ翴һԲóֵ˳ˡ
ʲôѰ
ͽԻȻ𶯲ѣֱԼ۾

춼ɽ
̫ϵĺصأ
ѰԪ̸ȴڴʱ̫ϵУ˲
ƵһĻѰҲļоЩɫľ֮ɫѰҲ⡣
ͽг䲻⡣
öԷ֪ǽԼҲϲ˳˵ء
ӭ׶Ѻйأ
̫ɫ䣬аļ¡
Ѱͷ
̫ҲǱɱ
̫ʡ
Ѱٴεͷ
ˣɫ졣
̫ͨһ̫ϴɫѿŭӡ
ЩǰصĹ򶼵š
ô˵ȻѾ̤;ˣ
̫ʡ
õǡȻ֣ȻǶѰ֤ѾԤС
ȻѰٴεͷ
ڳ̫ӭ׶ɱһǳѾ̤;Եú̹Ȼ
УѰ̬ȱ˸еļ¡
ɱ̫䣬ڴ˿̳̫ϵϳУһڴһУǷ˾̣
ɣѰںߡ
ˣòΪƾһ̫֮ϰɣ̫ʣ⡣
Ȿ˸еܻ˭ΪѰһ˾̫ϣ
ھ鲻ţ
ȻҲţ̫ôʣֻ֪Ѱĵ̫ϡ
˭룬⣬Ѱɵ˵ͷ
ǵĸ
֣ȴڴ˿ڳ˶һֻĸоһȻǴһ̫ϣ
̫ͨŭЦһ֪ϣϷҪʲô͸˵˻
ѰȻɲ˵ģʵģֻʵشѡȻҲûϵȹ˽գȫ˶š
𣬱ʶʶ
̫̤ڣһڴ˿̼ɢ峤˺󣬴Ⲿͽ
˵꣬ѰӰͻأʧԭء
һ̣̫ǰ赭дһĳ

̫鷴Ӧ죬һʱ䶯ȫܡ
䣡
˫һӡȻ⣬ӳֳʮպգĿֲ
ӡ
һھ̫һ㷨ͨһܹһӲɻҽ˵ǿֲޱȡ
Ȼ
һƱⱻ̫ѧĴӡͱƿֱһĭƵɡ
ѰƲȻ¡
ǿҵΣմ̼̫ëҲһĴǱܳ׼
䲻ݷʱ̣˫۽ǰ񼫾ĻɽƵķڡ
վǲѰĵǺεȿֲ
⿴һƣʵ޾ɱ
ʱ
꣡
̫˫ֱӱ飬ĴҲֽ㱻ݺ顣
һھֵĿע֮£̫鱻һƻǺԪը顣
һƣɱһؾԲεڣ
¡
ֻǣ˴зӦһͷųɢŰķ籩㣬еİ빡ΡȵƷȫ˲Ϣĩʯǽڶܵس
ǴЩϴǰصĹͣȫûüܣӰͱûڳʢããĻУһھļлɢ
һ֪̫㾳ڶסһƵܣڳЩδ̤ĽɫĿлĿܣ
ǱҲܹͳܵģ
գۼ䣬̫µȻֻ̫۴峤̫ͨһʱܣ
Ҳˡ
һ˲ѰѾչ׷Ӱ˸ɱ̫ۡ
䣡
ضֲѹϯһʱɢ춼ɽÿС
ϲգʱɢǰزμϲ֮ڵıͣԷ̵ֻļеӴܡ
Щ̫ϵˣҲһƬܵţеޱȵĴ㵺Ȼ
գ̫ϵĴϲ֮գڡͻȻ˿ֲֻ֣
ǾͿǺȻѰǹâ貵ľӰԼڱ׷ɱ̫ۺ̫ͨ
һĻ棬˶бĸо
ʲô
Ϊʮ֮һʵ̫ҪȼϸǿһЩ̾춼ɽ£ӵеĵֲ֮Ĳ
ڣĵϣȴɱٱ㾳峤ڱ׷ɱ
ȫ߸ǵ֪ȫŻˡ
¡
սڱѰûκ֣̫ۼս
ڴڼ䣬Ϊ峤̫ͨԥ򣬵ͽͣ޷ѹסѰơ
ɱУõ̫˲Ϣܵش
;ĩ·̫ۺԥʩչɱﵡ
һλڵ־λﾳ־࣡
Ȼǣλﾳڵ־ճֲãͱѰɴɱ
һĽһѰԨ顣
ţѰĴһ֣λڵ־Ҳͱ򱬣
һĻĻ̫ĿѣҪ
֮ǰֻ֪Ѱڰǰ֤㣬ȴ֪ѰӵؾΪ
֪ڴ֮ǰѰƾһ̤֮ϡ
֪죬弾ѾѰѪϴһ顣
֪Ȼ־ѰԣѾûвԡ
֪ƫ
ڷݵһУȻ͵߸֪޷޷ܡ
ֱѰɱһ̣̫۶һֲʵĸоɫд˾ŭȻǻɻʧ䡣

ʱ峤̫ͨƳױ񲣬ĴУ͸޾Ĳֻ̡ѹ롢ֺͷŭ
Ѱһ۾Ϳܵ˶Ĳش֮£ϼһľһ̱ˡ


3034 ʱ
ľһһĵжϵ
ֻѰȴû뵽̫ϵ峤̫ͨ˳ܲס
ָһһĨӳֱӽ̫ͨնɱ
̫ͨƿصѰУڼ֮ͳ׽ƿء
ʱ䣬һǵ춼ɽľҲ˺ֵسѰС
ֵֻ̾Ǵǣܡ
ÿһеӴ̫ܵ˵Ӱ̻ɥ֮Ȯ
Ҳس춼ɽȥ
̫壬ҳһš
ûκԥѰƿ춼չɱ¾
Щ̫ϵĲ۷ֲĸ䣬һһɱɢ
Щӵŵ۾ΪĽɫҲһһϵ
Щǰ̫صǿߣҲһرѰɱ
Ѫ糱ˮ㣬춼ɽÿһϯһĻĻݣճһ˼ĲҾ
һѰδϾɱ
Ӻ
Ѱ編ƣ񵱳ɽ㣬̫ϵ֮̾춼ɽ
Ȼ̫ۻµĲƸҲѰС
һУѰûеκʱ䣬ٴж
֮ǰͶ̫ϵһλѻ꣬˽⵽̫壬ϡ
̫ϵĵϾͨƿص޾еĴ
ץʱĻʱھִܵ
Ȼڸ·ʱҲѰָʱ䣬һ·۳ңǵۺҲעԲ

һ죬̫ϺͼĴϲ֮գĿ
ɾһ죬̫ɽȴ̤ƣ򱻶ߣһڴﾡ
ϢҲѰո뿪þʹȥڽʱһȻ󲨡
Ϣɢ֮ʣѰƿص޾С
ϡ
ʮ֮һ̹ޱȣʵĻŽھǰ֮УʵȻ
̾ڡɽӵǡ
峤ų۲Ŵԣ
ֻ㾳λһɫؾڡ
峤ˣմϢϸˣ
ɽϵ⣬һٵ
ڴжųӻһɲ˵ʲôϸˣоϢ
ǰŵһλ߽һöȥ
ųӴһ˶ǣɫ𲻶
еݺܼ򵥣ֻּԼһĻ
ּǣǰҹϢԳơԽϡƿصĶ
ֱ޵ǰ̾ɽ̽Ϣʱȴ֡ټɽûˣʧڴ֮ϡ
һĻӳֵľԭɽڵƬأȴѾտҲ
ãųӲ侲ʵɴ̽˭ģ
ҡͷ
ȥλЩȫҪ죡
ų´
ߴҴҶȥ
ųӵأڶ
һҹ֮䣬Ͼ͸һգųӶеëȻֱͱ춼ûʲô
Ҫ֪بʱʮ䣬κܹǵĵλ
ڣȴ壬ųβ
νݺϵجҲųӸеʶء
ȽЩټ󣬶ҪԲߣǰ׼ųૡ
峤ˣ
أһپŵĴڴ
ųƤֱӿһŭ𣬺ȳôˣ
⣬һȻ𣺡ûʲô޷ĳ˶һЩԹˡ
ųͫȻ
ͼ⣬һεӰⲽһϮ°ɫƮҷ忡ͥŲƵС
֡Ѱ
ų׻ɴ۾
ѰЦδı棬ȴϵĳѵļԵǲ
ܡ
ųɫãһʱ䶼޷һС
֮ǰĳǰϡϡ̫ϵʱҲܾȣƺû뵽ĳ˸ҹһɱھ򣬿ɽĳţȴѾˡ
Ѱڵ
һϯֱųӻһ㼦Ƥʧϵĸ𣬺йأ
Ѱ˵ͷңӦû˻˼ǳˡ
㡭
ųһʱ䶼˵
Ҫú侲һ£ͻһУҡ
ֻǣѰɲٸʱ䣬ⲽǰѣǰĳһ䣬ԽҲھ
ƽȴϲԵУտĴлصţųӵһӳȵס
Ӻ
ϵ峤ųӡλؾڡԼһڲﱻ¾һա
ϡ̫ϵһĻĻҲһһݡ
ѰӰӱɽ߳ʱϵǡۻµĲƸҲѰС
ʼգûзκ⡣
Ѱ뿪ʱǱɽҲߡ
̫ϸİйϸϢҲһƬпʼ
һвδʹ˽

ھ̫ˣÿһ̾һͬУ˴˾뼫֮ңԶ
ҲϢĴҪʱɢ
Ѱ뿪ϵһҹʼϵ֪ϢʱѾȥ˽졣
Ѱ̤̫ϡ壬ֻһҵʱѡ
Ψڼϵʱ򣬵һЩʱ䡣
ɺȻѰжѿ٣̫ϡ϶ϲѰʱǰ֪
ѰԼҲԼվֻһˣֻȥһһȥЩб
Ҳζţжٿ죬ڽʱУҲȲϢٶȿ졣
Щ壬ǰ֪Ϣ׼
˵Ѱȷţ¾ǰõϢЩѾ߸µ壬Ҳϲڽ֪Ϣ󣬾ʹȫߡ
ϢվϢ
ԣԽܣҪڵ֪Ϣ󣬾͹̾µϳ˾ʹģǲܵġ
Ҫ֪Ȼ£ĿܽᱻһЩϢˣ
ѰƶϣЩֻǰø׼ǰѶӡ
Ǹɣ
⣬ɸѰһһĻᣡ
Ψһı׶˻ǣڵ֪ԽԽ帲ϢͲòǰˡ
ԶѰԣץһʱж
뿪ϵĵ̵İ
ѰӰϵĵ̡
ѰϣִǰϾѵ֪ϸϢѾʼǰ׼
źǣ׼ҲֻǼǿķˣԼϳС
ҲעǲܵסѰĽ
һʱ䡣
ϡϡ̫ϡ֮ȻҲǺȻѰ£


3035 һѹǵھ
ɽ
֮̾ء
ʱ򣬲ŴϢ˵ϸˣھִϢ˵ҲѰѪϴһ飿
Уϵһڴۣѹ֡
Կ϶ϵĸҲȻѰΪܹһ֮쵽һֻһֿܣӵܹɱ־ĵƣ
һλ㾳ϹŶڣңȻӻҲסӵĳ
һڳľó
ǶѾʶһ籩ͽڵھϯ
һ籩ıѰڽŴԪԪĴ
ǡǸô죿
ͳ
˭ϡѽֻǿʼ˵׼Ѱչжڶб
ô졭ǰʱ˭ὫѰһСУв䱯
һ˷Ȼ
ϺͼϴجģǽԱʼţڵ磬ľνǴ䡣
ͽСʱؽͬ
һλϹŶ̾ǼԪ֮ٵԵʣõʮеĺ컯ϵĴڽ½뿪ѰϲɱھĻᡣ˵Ĵ֮ͥҲ޷ǵĵλ
ڡ
ϹŶˣѰУǿ֤ǼԪ֮ĻĴڶܵв֪Ѱӵ;עͬѰϡϵҲ֤һ㡣
λϹŶܽһжζţڵ£Ѱӵ˵߸ھֵϲκһ˿СǲϿҲᲽϡϵĺ󳾣
жȻѣɫÿǰ
棬˵Ǹ
ʡ
λϹŶ̧һһ޴ĵͼֶǿѰϺ󣬽žɱϣƶϲ¸Ŀ꼫ܾڼϸ̫ϡ
˶ͷ
ϹŶȴҡͷԣǵõϡѵϢʱѾ˽죬ѰѾ̫̤𡣡
⡭ɫһ䡣
٣ѰӱȻҲһϢɢжעԽԽԣػץһʱж
ϹŶָǹĻӳֵĵͼҲ²ⲻ̫Ϻ󣬴ӵɱϡ
ʱɫҲ𣬴ֻϣһĿͻָǲϣ
ϹŶ˵ͷԣѾޱȽȣھͱж
棬жϱɡ˷׷׿ڡ
ϹŶͷ֮Ǵ뿪â֮ߡֻҪǻܹһʱطԿڲ֮ء
𡭡ɫ粻ѡ
Ѱһ˶ѣȴΪһЩţϲսˣȥǲۻעһͿأΪ˵Ц
棬ЩϢϾǴţ˭Ҳ֪ϡϵĸ𣬾ѰһģԭǾ뿪δҲԵ̫
̲ס
ǰ
Ҳ׷׸ͣľ㳷롣
ϹŶˣü˻ţʲôҪˣȫˣοЩŻвʵĵطϡȴѾʵ
˼ˣ峤
Ͱ˵峤ĬƬ̣һҧϡ
ãھ뿪
ϹŶʱظɵ뿪Ҳ򵥣ֻҪɽˡ
˵ţ𣬳ȥλʼжɡ
Ҳ׷
ɾϹŶߵǰʱһȻѾ𣬡λߣһ
ţڲһڴҰУһεӰȻһˣ̬С
ɴ˵ĳ֣ȴǶ׻ֻо·Ҫˣ
վһ
ϹŶһ̾͸˵ȻͲʡ
ѴâһâȴѾִǰ
ûⷢ
Ѱִ󲻾ãҲ֮𣬾ʹ˴

뿪ϵڣѰ½̤̫ϡϡϡĴ塣
ʱſȥ졣
ڲϵľѰʶϢɢЩѾþ϶Ѿ峷룡
һҪЩ壬ֱʹûʲô
Ͼھ̫ˣЩͣһҪǾעҪķѲ֪ٵʱѪ
Ѱûôʱȥ
ѰҲƲԲȫѡˡ

ȻѰϣִһĿԴʱԴҲѵõϢûѡ룬ǽ䱸
˵Դ˼Ʋͳ׼
ϧѰûиκγĻᣬֺǲźۼǱԴڣֱץסһٽƿһλ㾳ѹԴϵ·ѱնϡ
ԴҲ֮

Ѱûκε飬ֱϸȥ
һѰȴһգִڵĵʱȥ¥ա
ԴˣѰԤϣҲ⡣
ʱȥҶϡϡϡӳϡ
УҶϡϽԺһǰһ롣
ϡӳѡ˸翹
ԶһһѰ̤
ˣǰ󲻵ʱ䣬ѰԼϳ½ǰ̫ϡϡϡϡԴϵʮ塣
ֻתһһȷѪ꣬һبų壬ϡҶϡ֮⣬һһʷĳС
ͷ·һһס˵ھµȻһһ£¸Ҳ첨
ֱѰؼϺھ򳹵׺䶯ԱĸϢ
ʲô϶ˣ
ѾϢڸոգϢԴҲˣ
ôᡭ
죬ھ򾿾ڷʲô
ǻΪĳһĸʱžʹ帲Ϣȫµĸо
ʮ壬ȴڶ̶½ѣԵھԣĺͱûʲô
̫⡢𺳺ţκԴǶ޷顣
һ뵽һУһ˵ֱʣͷƤ飬
ѰһƷ˵ھ죡
񣬺飿Ѱǰǿ󣿡
һѹھ壬һ˰£۹Ž£й
ŴԺ¾ҪѰһ˵㣡
ֻȻڵھÿһƬ쳹
ϢĲɢĺ䶯ڲϷͺݣӿĲˡ


3036 ⿪
ʼɽ
塣
ѰȻأغͼɽ˿
ɽͲʵ֣п˳
ѰҡͷһЩ⡣
һҲʳ˺£
ѰЦһЩС¶ѡ
˵ţϡҶϡǰһߵϢ˵
غͼɽһѰ˵⣬ֻûн̤
ô˵嶼ѾɽԾ۴΢ţƯ
Ѿˡ
Ѱͷ
غͼɽʱĿɿڴ޷Ƶʧ̬ˡ
ǰ󲻵졣
ǰߵ֮⣬嶼ѣ
ǵ񶼲Դ£۾ֱضѰ
Ȼ֪Ѱ̤ϣҲϴһ飬ɵ֪Ϣʱɸеһǰδе𺳡
ֱƾһ֮ͺɨ˵ھ壡
죬ɽżʵ֣˵˵
ǰչҹ°ɴʱһĽ黳ŮƵģĵ
ػ㵭ֻǿѰҲ
ѰĿܾܾЦŽԼжһЩһһ
˶ĳȡ

죬Ҳǵ֪Ѱıսȫ֪ø˻Ǹҡ
о̫ìˡ
Ѱ飬Щ˸޷Ҵ
ɲܷϵǣѰҲɱǼˡ
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3037 ٳ
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һУȴַĳȵףʶ˲


3038 Ѱ֮ŭ
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죬뿪Ԫ̡


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3039 ô
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䣡䣡䣡䣡
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⡭
͹桢衢ǵɫǣһģ


3040 ͳͳѹ
ڿգͬܣеȼ죬еҹûеġ
̫ͬܺʼһѹȵöԷϡ
޵߿Ȼһָоͷ·ںսֲޱߣ
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飡
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¡
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ٻӰѾ֮߳ɨӼ͹ˣƥСҲɱܵѰǽŰŭ

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ѰˣӺͽҲɡ͹ŬԼ侲ᡣ
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Ϊﾳڣ


3041 ּʯ
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컯֮һԪ磬ӵﾳУߵﶼ˾
һʱ䣬ǿҵĳд̼Ԫ񶼾Ҷ
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ڹʱͺʦ̫񡱣Ǳ̣ҲĹ̵ĵ伮˽رһЩ顣
ӵƲ⣬ͨܺǼԪ֮ٵĻȡϵ
ڣ͹ͬҲһ̫ʯɣεжҲܵǼԪ֮Ļֵָʹ
Ѱ仳ɣĻ֪Լ֤ɹ飬Ҳ̡֪׽̣ʮɲó
ԲľʹʧܵĻ֣ʼ컯֮ԪԸԼˣ


3042 ĻֵĹ
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ϸ̫ʯԽԽеļ£ͷ·ʯһħľԵֵĿ־庮
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һ죬Ѱһ𣬽衰컯֮ǰ컯֮档

컯֮档
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һϮīۣ׷ѩû㾳ĴؼԪ磬ѿϵĴڡ
ڣɫȴͺȻ֮ɫ嶼ܿƵɪɪ


3043 С
ѰͷǰīߣһĻᣬΪҪӣ
īɫҰףɬϡӮϡܾǰСڴˣһκ˳ڴˣһʱ佫ϢСϸղ֮ߣΪǰ̤ϴڣΪֻ
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˽򣬷ֱǡħ򡱡򡱡򡱡
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3044 ٿ
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3045 ŭ
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ֻǣͼѰһץָͷųֱ޼᲻ݣӲͳһ㷨ץ׷ɱŽĹ껹ƮͳƵĲѾѰһ߬ס
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ͲĺȻͷƤ飬зĸоѰǿ󣡣
ʱһĲҽ𡪡



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ԥĴرߣͬһʱ䣬֮ڵ
Ը϶ҳŲסһɱ˵ءѰ쳹

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3048 һ
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ģҼԪ֮ٶӴڽգܻᱻԲģġ
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3049 ս
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Ѱھͽȥ˵ףĿΪ˶ԸңСһܵǣۡ
ʦһֱμĻܶĺôҪ֮ӦκͷգЩʲôĪҪ𡣡
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ѰЦˣοʺ֮ģվǷȱն񡣾գҵͣɺɨЩ㾳ΪλҶǶ֣һſңǱиΪǿΪǳ
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أңңԶĴϣϱڲԫ棬һʯ罣㴣С
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ô죿
ܿ죬˵Ŀⶼ뿴˸ͽλﾳڡ


3050 ·
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мϸһǰ֮õɻСѰ
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Ѱˣ˵ǿڴ˾Ĳһһ²ͬԪϵԺ޺
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˶׷׵ͷЦŸ͡


3051 컯
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ںʱ֤ģʱɱھģ˴Ϊط컯桭
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ԭҹսʮ֮أںǵĽ̸Ѱ˽⵽뿪컯ǲãʮͶ뿪ǰԪдҲء
ѰЩźԭʮһһϵأҲֻա
ĿѰ뿪һӣƬһƴ󣬸̽
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Ѫڤ̬Ⱥܼ
Ŀһɨˣǿ֮ϰɡ
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һӣ˶סü䲻Ƶظֳ֮ɫ
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ڣһʶЩǺεҪǰ򵥡
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꽫ЩϹķӦ۵ףЦʵҲпѣʼʱҲǾܾġ
û취Ѱܾ
ԭҲû̫⣬ɵЩ֮һʱͱʶѰͳЩֵε֮أ
ܽЩﶼ͸ǣ궼ƾ޾ĸпůġ
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ʱѰڹŻ֮ĴУҲ̫ȵϼһĴ
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磬Ѱҳȥﾳʱһ٣һжǰ
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컯ǣ
кͼӻ컯֮֮ƿش˳ǹ򣬼ٽ٣ҲԱܿ
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֤ﾳǰѰҪһ£Ǿǲ˳ǵĹأ
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һѰУʱӿֳ糱ˮĸְ
㱼䣬Ѱ·ֿ˵ڲ컯ʱӦһĻĻ󡪡
һӰ³֮УһϮһڹŽ
̽Ѱʲôÿ·һԪͻḡֳһֺصͼԪϵ˺ֵͼС
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ӰȻǳٿ֮ϫ
Ӱ޾ʱ⡢ռͳo㣬ڲͬԪ֮С
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һ䡣
ڻУϫֿٵ컯ǣҲںϰּԪġ컯񷡱˳С
󣬳ϫóһԲĺɫףһףʱεĹ컯Ͽա
ʱ𣬱㾳̸ɫġ١ٲ컯ǰ
ʱ꣬ٴθӦһĻĻϤľӵ㾳еѰľҲòһ
֪컯ǵĹǵ컯֮ıԴУ
֮Գǡ컯򡱡
Ҳ֪ͼܹԿԡ١ĺΪд˱Żס컯֮ıԴ֮һֱӴ浽
֮Ļֵ串컯֮ܣ֮ûĳռ컯֮ıԴкͼ赲
ҵܹԿĻƿصġ̫򡯣ɺȻͼҲƵ
һ̣Ѱڡ컯򡱵İأ
ʶٿ֮游ϫܹ֮߸Ԫ޾Ļ֣Ҳǲƿ˱ͼ̺İأ


3052 ĴıԴ
컯򣬵컯֮ıԴС
Ѱ򣬹컯ĸְҲһһӿֳϤ򵽡
컯֣ຬ塣
ʱԲΪԵʱԲΪȻ
ʱ򣬱ͻ֮⣬ɽӣ
컯򣬱͵ͻйء
ŲѰҲӿֳ
ԭڣ컯ίʵ̫ǿմ˵װ㣡
һĵԴԻ磬翪ط֣֮
컯ڴˣڻеһ磬һл
ﾳյһ
ﾳֹһʶԵʣӵеʯɽ𣬻Ϊ͡
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ÿԪ֮ٽ٣컯֮ıԴͻͻһµļԪӶ֮·ܶʼӴ
ֲ컯֮еĸԪ컯֮ͻ
ҲѰ𺳵ĵط
컯֮棬ǸԪĸ
ЩԪһһڼԪ֮иֻ컯֮Уݱ䵽˽ϰٸԪڴ˵ĸ֡
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ԣ컯ֻܵ磬󣬿ʱ⡢Щɰȴ컯
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ѰԺиðͷһӿ֡
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;ζŴӼԪʵϵĳѣ
Ҫʵһ㣬ҪԪӦ٣ܹӵʵֳѵĵ̣
ԭˣԭ˰
ѰȻԨҲ


3053 
󣬼Ԫӱʣġ
ѰӰУĬʣӦİأԺͼ̲ص
Ϥ𣺡ǡ
ô˵ұӦӭﾳ֮٣ͽڴ˽٣
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˿̵Ѱܵһ˵ɱ·
񡢵Сꡢ¯һĴϴɱζѰÿҪ
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ٵܣޱȱ̬ҲˣܽԼǱܳھԼյȫĴ˲ܵõΪµɱ䣡
֮˭һؽУḺˣ¯а㣬ǧ

Ѱ仯ʱǰʱһ䣬ӰһȫµļԪС
ԪСס
Ԫǿ٣١ĽϢ޵ߵǡ
֮١ٵɸǿһأ̶䣬ͽѰĵʮΣѪɽϽѹǣҲ̶á
ÿһα飬Ѱĵ͵õһܣõڴ˽һпĻܡ
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Ļɾ͵ڶɽʧˡ
ãĻܣյʱͽ
ʹ಻ɵһؽٽѰȴܵһǰδеˬܵĵ֮ǿʢȫѲͬն

ؽ٣̫٣Ԫ
˽Ե޵յս־սѽ٣ֱһ٣춼ǿᵽֲزӰ
һУѰսϣһսʮϵսϵɱС
˽ĻѰս־յսֶΣҲǵõһµĴͶ֮ͷŵܣѹơ

ؽ٣٣Ի֮Ԫ
˽Եľ
϶ԣѰɴ˽ɵģΪľĥµ˿ǰزơʱ١ߵʵС˼Ŀ顭
Ȼǽеޱȿֲɽ㾳ĺҲ޷Ӱ쵽Ѱ

ؽ٣٣Ի֮Ԫ
˽Ե꣬ǸԪǿĽѡ
˽ʱѰҲоһ֮Уֲֻ̫֮ʣһͷ
˽ٽ귨õһܣԪ⾡صĹ彻֯
ؽ٣Ϊħ٣ħ֮Ԫ
˽ԵǸΪµľ飬֮£ѰԵģһйƶ񡢺ڰסǷǵĿ顣
ɱһ˱ǧˣɱǲɱ
¾һ֮Դ֮ϴĸ棬ʹǰǣȹʮ֮дˣ
Ŀ飬ڴ˽֣ҲһδߵѰľµ֪жϡ
ãʱʼеڣѰһԼƶ񡢺ڰסǷֱʶľЩ
ɹ˽٣һŵ͸ͼˡ

ؽ٣кȻ٣֮Ԫ
Ӵ˽ٿʼѵױˣѰĵġΪꡢԿʼܵĴ
ΪȽʱ֮
ΪаħӶΪ뾭ѵĳͻȫˮݣ޹سޣֻغĸߵͣ
Ҳڶɴ˽ʱѰŸܵΣ


3054 ɱǿ
ƹһʱĴƮ¡
ЩŲ̬ͬӡŲͬϢϣһ絶ƽ־䣬һƪƪȻ£Ī⡣
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ѰӰսУҲʱøˣһĵҵܵصвա
յɹ˽ʱѰƣԪ֮
ȴޱ
Ӵ˽Уһĵٴεõȫµɱ䣡
ڰؽ٣м޷٣Է֮Ԫ
ھؽ٣٣Ե֮ԪֻҪɹȥ֤ɹӵдԪгѵĵ̡
·츲صı仯Ѱһڴ

Ѱɽٵͬʱһһȥˡ
һֱȺڼҹϵꡢȵϹǵҲһʧȥЩסˡ
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ַҧгݡ
Ϊһֵ֮ô
ڴʱһȻ
˻һʶͷ
ͼǽյĴ쿪ѰǾεӰ˳


3055 
ף
ַ¶֮ɫ
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Էû̶֣ڴ˿ҲԷϸɾ͸ˡ
һӴ߳飬Ȿͺܲ˼顣
Ļ֣
ɫӰԶƺЩãҼִƵ߸Ԫ֮ڮٵģ֪Ҳƽϡ
ƺڶѰϿɡ
ֻǻгŵģλߵİ̬ԭϵһֻϡ
ԭҲֻΪĻЧѡ
Ѱһ̾Щʧ
ΪĻڿԲǣԷһһϡĿĻ֣
ܹΪЧκڶ飡
ɫӰ˵ţѰһ˿ܹͣܲסõĴɱӵԸ˳עҲԳΪһġʹͽ
Ѱӷɫ
ԭһǽõġ١һ
ԳΪʹͽǷζţΪĻЧĽɫԿɳʹͽ

ôĿ
һ̣ѰоЩ
ʶܽɫӰסܱʳǡĻ֡йصϢ
ܽһٽĻֵݽ
ۼѰĬԶǽɫӰȻˣܹõҵϿɣҲãڹ£׳Чңҽҫ
Ӹ£Ѱ¹ģʩͶͰ㡣
ѰһЦʲôһĻֵĻɫҲ¹򣿡
ţ
ɫӰ΢ŭ
ֻһߣǿնΪ֮𶯣޾Ƭ㱬ѣһĿĵʱѷ졣
Ϳֲ˹֣ƬǿնסһԳʹߵļһźεȿֲĵУ
зڣԶɫ䡣
ﾳѾ컯֮ߵĴڣȻһֱڣ컯֮Уעܼ
ڣǴӴ߳ĽɫӰԶﾳڿɱȣ˶޷һоǿ˺εȵز


3059 ܴ
ԪУҲΪ̤֮·ˣ֪η֪ߵغΪԼ;ԴһУдһУҵУҲһ֪Ŀˡ
ɫӰĮдһ˿⣬Ը⣬һ֮£ò׺㸲½ɽ׸ģƬǿջͶϣԺͬҲӵкһ޾٣㾳֮ϣ
˵ѴһĨ⣬Լޱȵջ
˿̣Ǹ±컯֮еĽɫ˵Ķ
ϾǶԣپʱܶӰ˭гװѣ
ѰֻЦʲôʹߣҲǸ˵ϰˣҲ²£㣬ǷҲǿ¹ͶϣŻ˵ʸ񣿡
㡭
ɫӰŭϢڣһɫͫâ콣ն˺ѿ
ҲˣŻ߳ŭ
ѰЦɣĽɫӰԭĳԪе㾳ڣܹ֮ΪʹߡΪĻЧ޷ϥ̫ܲ˵ջ
֪㲻ã
ɫӰױŭ̽֡
ϣ
һɽٹ۶ɵսìС

ɫӰӶٹսìѰɱһ˲ֱһֻصĴںƣͷų޷ܡ
ã
ǰһʹһֲ̫ɱﾳڣЩؾԶԶţܵµĳ

ƾոɬ꣬Ԩն𣬵סǽٹսìɱ
ѰӰ͵һΣò㵹˳ȥ
һȴϲ
ʱԷԶﾳȴ޷Կ
ңԷõɴ۵սìҲԶûѰǰɺͿֲ
ӡԨ֮Ӳ

ɫӰٴɱ˿ȫٹⷭâʢֲϲب죬һ˽ٹսìɨǿն飬ǿһͿ
ǶȻ
ֻһ֮£ʮԼڵ棬Ҳᱻ˺ɷ顣˵ĶʱǾѰģҲָܼƲӻ컯ǡ
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Ѱ֮ǿᣬŴǵ֪˿̣ǽɫӰĹ֮ƺε˾ɾȻɱѰӲסˣζţԳơʹߡĽɫӰҲ޷κ
ǽɫӰʶԾɫһ

ȡ
һٹӿͷţĽѺսìϣٹȼգͬʱƾո֣սìϣɢϢĹͲˡ
˵ĸо֮Կͷ·ںʹڶԿ
䣡
ѣٹսìȻ
ͬʱѰҲ޳ɺ͹ǣԨ޾ɬ꣬Ѱ߶ţǽٹսìӲײһ
ò˵սìӵеĽ̫ͿֲɶģǿգĽٹϷڷйһ绺ᶨѰѹȶȥԨҵײ
ͻ߽š
Ǻɣǰ˲Ϣͻữҽ
ۼɫӰռƣϵһӳһڵԲ˼ٶն
ͻһĻýɫӰʶȥֵ
һӰֱӱõ˳ȥɳѰϣǿɲĽ⾹޷ƿԷǵһɫļС
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һﾳڵĽɫܺң
ɫӰţ߳ŭһȺ󣬻Ӷٹսìٴɱ
ϢֱֲٵĻٹ⽻֯һƱȸղžһأ
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ɫӰǿ޷ĵزٺӲƴܻ֮֡
Ψ˻컯ǣƾ컯ǵĹȥԿǵľ
ȴѰ˿ȴһЦԸضء
˵ꡣ
ĴһնִѰһ𣬳ɫӰɱȥ
һǿǵȵزοĸڱĴһ룿
ͼ
ѰӰȻֱ죬޾Ľٹⶼƣһƺبա
ɫӰ䱩һأܵΧʱӰҲ͵һɫһ
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ɱ
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¡¡
߼սͽٴΣɱǬߵãã޾Ľٹ͵⡣
ɫӰѹסѰı𣬿ɵĴһѰʱȴӲ˾棬ͽɫӰսһ¡
飡
һܼı쳹
ɫӰǽٹսìҲޱǿǴٵһѰĴƿصսֱӱ
ɻȽɫӰˣĴӰиֶһ
ҵҪжɻٵ
ɫӰŭѰѲϣҲЩ鲻סΪʹߣͷһ˼ֵһˡ
ЩԪУϵˣԶֱ֣ôٵܽԷɱ
ɺȻѰ֮ǰЩ˶һ
壬ӵŶԿٵĵ̣ټһҲۺĵزһʱ̣޷¡
ýɫӰ޷̡
䣡
ɫӰȻǿĽƶҷǣţһĪĽٹ⡣
һ̣ѰеѹΣգĴеÿƬ̣ͻᱻЩѼ㹻֧࣬Ųڡ
ɱ
ɫӰǴһѰսʱǿʢһɫͫжȼڵŭ
Ȼѱ׼ŭ
ȥˣ
Ѱһʩչ֮ͨһĨӰԨС
䣡
ɵԨͶԷĽٹսìٴײѰԤеһĻȴûг֣Ǵٵȫ޾֮ͨʴ
⻹Ѱͷһ
͵һҧ÷֮ͨ
ʱһʱѷճ֣ǧɳʱŻǽɫӰǶȥ
ҿ
ɫӰ䣬һȣٹսì͵سǰһʡ
䣡
ŽٹⱬͷţǧɷΧķֲ֮ܵĴݲУ֮䣬ͺȻ
⡭
Ѱɫ䡣
ǰķ֮ţڴ˿̱Ƶˣ
ˣʲôֶΣ㾡ʩչǡ䵭ĮУɫӰٴŲɱǿ󵽼ֱ˾


3060 ̫
֮кͷ֮ͨѰĵҲļ
ɫӰЮſɲɱһ㽫Ѱ𺳶˶ҷɳȥ
ۣ
ѰпѪɫ԰ס
ڴ˹УĴǣס˶ԷҲѰϢĻᣬһſ񵤸ֶѰ
Щ񵤣ɶǸصϡ䱦ΪѰսƷʱҲ֮ء
ڣЩó
䣡
ԺѰļĵۿɼٶѸͻָ
ûгɣٶȳɫӰɱȥ
ߣ
ɫӰɫӶٹսìһٱĴΧսìٴγѰıȥ
ǿƥ
Ļ᲻ɱЩҲͽͣΨѰı𣬲ܹĽѰɱ
¡
սˣȻѰȫҲֻܺǽɫӰһƽ֡
ԭڣɫӰսѳﾳķ룬յĽٹԡ١ޱȵĹͲ꣬ױ
˵սвѰģɫӰõĴٵ
ˣսУѰҲǲϸˣѪɫò԰֮
⿴ǽŵǵ˼£ǵսʵ̫գ֮ƵģΨѰһ̾ˡ
ȻϣʱƣѰȴӲصĴ
ˣͼµġ
Էˣֱ޸
ʼգѰԵ쳣ǿ
ǽɫӰҲּŭ޷
ԳΪʹûѲĶֹ֣ս죬еıҲʤ
ɱ
ɫӰŭ𱩺ȣҲǽٹִ췣ס
һһαѰֵסˡ
ûע⵽ѰסһȴǷһĨ
Ȼõվֻǽõģάϵ̫ã
ѰɫӰ֮ǰǿƥͷųĽٹȴԱ֮ǰһЩ
Ѱ֮ǰ˱ܵԭ
ΪľǴһ־ս˭ܺĹ˭
ɱ
ɫӰԼˣƺҲʶȥֻԽԽ
ʶӴ˿̿ʼʱֱƴûʲô
䣡
ٹƵսìѹգɫӰƴ֮٣ѰɼĳϵҲԽԽ࣬Ҫϲϻָٶȡ
ԶԶȥȾѪ˺۱鲼Ŀľ
ѰȴԽԽսҲԽԽʢΪɫӰõĴ֮Ҳͬڷɿźţ
ɱ
ѰȣֺãӲӲ为ۣȴкĵ֮ơ
Ƭ̺
Ѱһȣ𣡡
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һ̣ʧɫ޹⣬һۣһ²貽âǽâ·һǺǹ㣬âҫǧ˶ܹܵǽâֲ
۶ɵһ

ɫӰڴ˽һ̣ɫ䣬һŭȣеĽٹսìݺݴ˳ȥ
飡
˵һĻ֣Ľâ԰Ծޱȵ̬ն£㽫ǽٹսìһը
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ֻһ
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һĻֱǾףԭΪѰŵ඼ɤ۵һӶסˡ
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ǿɫӰԪӹһ٣ǻһԶԶܿ
˶Ϊܺľҵ룡
ɫӰԪ˻͵̽һץ
䣡
ǿĽȻһصУͬʱһڵӵڻУǽӿ֡
һ˲ʱշƾֹѱǿնֳһŲļ󣬷Ʊһεѹ
ӵֲ̫ˣϽɵĻδس䣬컯Ƕܵĳ͵ؾҡ
еֻһָо
Ҫˣ
һж֮»
һ˶˲ֿھг٣µ޷ĵز
ѰҲһɫ䣬ӿ𲻿Ƶĺ⣬һΣϢУ̼
̫ӣ
һҹʶѵĲ֮
Ѱû뵽ڴʱ˿̼Ҫʱµܵ޷ֺ
ɫ̾ͱˣ
ٿǽУڣ䣬һڵȻѹ£ƬǿնʱӰɣ񱩵ʱС
Ρϵ컯Ƕظľ𵴣ƺʱٵ
һĻֱƺûʲô
˵Ѱڣ¶ɻң׾
ɾڴʱ
һڹٿ컯Ͽӳһ磬Բ˼ٶʱ֮谭ƿػǽС

ڹݺݻ̫ӣ֮䱬ȫĿֲ
컯֮涼͵һ£ֲ컯֮еĸԪ磬ܵҡػΣЩԪв֪ٵ鱻ŵð
ǿУѰǰҲһ󷢺ڣǵײʱĿֲӰݺɳȥشƲ
Ѱϲǣǽϵ̫ӵʧˣ
ٿʱѰͿ˲˼һĻ
ӵ̫ܵӣһصڹӲֵס޷Ĵǽӳ߼ҶԿǱĿֲض˽УɢĽֻһС֡
һСֵĻϢȴѹƬ飬컯֮涼ҵĶ
Ǻͼ
ѰϳһƵڹ⣬컯Ͽյĺͼһɳϫ
䣡
Ѱĺ쳹ûã̫ӱ㷢һǴǽʧˡ
ⲻܣҼϵĵܻᱻֵ
ʣԪĽɫӰŭĿѣԽһС
̫˼顣
Ϊʹߣ̫ӵǿ׶ɱֽɫڣȴסˣ
һУܽܣ
䣡
ǻϢ̫ʧǲϾҷĽоҲһ̺Ȼը
ʱٵǿгɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ͼһڹһ컯ϿյĻҝĻУʧ
һɲɫӰʶʲô׻ƵģҪңҪ
𣬽ɫӰһ⣬ƴ㳯ǿȥ
ֻǣһƬҝĽɢҲýɫӰʧȥ˷صġ·
һʱ䣬Ƶģ˶˻УϣΪҪңΪΡ
͸Ż̿֡ʣ쳹ʮ
ƺ޷ԭ·أɫӰԾпĳͷ㡣
ʱѰ磬ѳɫӰȥ


3061 Ӧɽӥ
Ϊ֮ǰܵѰҲأ𣬻Ѫܵġ
ЩƣǽɫӰԪɲǸҪģ
ৣ
ӰŲգԨն
ѰϣɫӰԪƳ׷㣬ȫûеֵͷԨֱѹ
ɵѰһ
ɣһƬƵʧɫӰĴ̫ˣ
ѰԷģһĹˣ
ڽˡ
Ѱп
˿̣Ƭǿ̮ݣǻļĿ꣬һ˿
Ψ컯ߵĻУԵ쳣ĿҲ˸еޱȵİ
ѰĿʶؿ컯Ͽգ︲һɬĻͼС
ܾǰϴڳϫһֵ˳ǣºͼڴˣһΪ컯ԴǵֿǴٵв
ǣЩһֱڳܹԴٵĴ
գ컯ǸǿУͼͬӳҪãǹ첻̫ӻˣ
ҲھѰһ
лˡ
Ѱңң֡
ת컯ȥ

ҹ롣
ֱѰӰҰУǲγѰ㣬ѹ
һʱ䣬ĳԶ˵
գյ¸ǿݱٳ¡
ǵһĻκ˾
Ѱ֣ȴһ֮ɨϰؾڣʮλﾳϹŶչ¶ŽѹϷɣ
ɻǸˣٱͻأ١
û뵽ѰѡȥӲ˽١
û뵽ںͽɫӰĶսУ۵Ѱܹʱ̣һԷǣ
Ⲣûн
̫Ӵǽг֣˶ˣг޷˵Ŀɬʧ䡣
漣ȴˣûѰҲû˾̫Ҳˣ
һУǰδе𺳺ͳ
ֱ˿̿Ѱ֣εĸоһɫ㱣޷ƽ
ַհףȴ򶨡
ΪǽɫӰֺǵһи֪ͱڱΣ˶ǱӻͲʲô
ν֪ηˡ
֮ǰĿѰɨһ㾳һĻѰ۵سǰĻ᲻ףǴҲûκѰ
ףôˣ
ַǼǵǣһ
հҲܽš
ѰǲƣѪܵģɲ˲ġ
ް
ѰЦЦŵһ󲨶ǲƵǺƶϹȻֻǱơ
ڴ˴սУѰҲܵˣ̸ҲЩأѰϲȱҩ
ԣЩƲʲô
ȥˣĪҪٵˡʲô飬˺˵ߴ١
Ϲͷ
ѰҲƴǣֱ߽
ֱӰʧ˶һۣһ
֮£컯֮Ҫ붯ˡ
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գ¸ɳ㾳ȫ컯ǰϢ֪εȴĲ
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յľƣΣյ£ûɣѰѣЩ˶עдĻᡣ
ҲðѪڤʷߺ޵ԭڡ
ԽԺ컯֮νȺף¸Ҳע֮䣬ֻǣ˭һоѰһֱʣ
ꡣ
컯֮ϰٸԪεǿʢԽʼѾѰһ˲ڽˡ
ѰԸ⣬سΪ컯֮ף
Ͼ˵ЩﾳڣǴٶûɱѰ
ҵǺܺ棬ʹߵݣԼ˽⵽ĹĻֵ顣

һһϹѡ
ؾڣ֮ԲܴٵĴΪЩһֱ컯֮С
ⱲӲ뿪Ժ󶼲òԴٵĴ
ѰԼҲ֪ЩģǾڴ˵ȴϢǡ
˵
ͬʱڡ
Ѱϥһ̷ҩ޸ƣһ߽ʶ򱻽ԨڵĽɫӰԪ
Էһͫģ㣬ɻϢȴΪϾԶ
˿̣ԪɥȻ
ҲǴ˿̣Ѱע⵽ɫӰԪϵĽٹϢɢһգ¶ԭӵеĵϢ
ϢȻ˥ޱȣѰһ۾ͱϳԷӵеĵѳﾳ롣
Ҳ˵ɫӰԭһλڣ
ֲӲʱұĶ֣ǳĴ壬ֻǿͶԷ⣬ԭһڡ
һ̣ѰڻȻ
Щﾳڣһ˾ĴԲزҲԶĶ֡
ȻɫӰ֮ǰǿ󣬾ǽΪܹôٵǶԷӵΪ
ǹؼ
ƲѰʶĲ̽ɫӰԪ΢΢һĮ
֪ҵԪҪʲôҲò㣬ҽѻ꣬Ҳע֪ϡκ顣
˵ֻҪҽѻ꣬еӡͻᱻ˲ϢҵԪĨɱ
˵ϡʱԵޱȻʧ䡣
Ȼɶûܴǽơ·뿪ڻ
ܸʲô
Ѱʶһ
ĬãɫӰԪйص飬ͳͳԸ㡣
ҶɲȤѰȻ
ǺǣͲ֪γΪʹߵģ
ɫӰɫ֣Ʊƿɬ˼ʲôԵúܹء
βѰڣз׷֮ɫ
ˡ֮ԪӦɽϵĺӦɽӥʱ츳ݣڸȫ壡ʮʱͱƸѡ¼֮ԪһͳۡУ̶̲꣬ұ̤ϡ𾳡Ҳ൱ԪĲ;
˿ԳӦɽӥĽɫӰȫ廳Уͳૡ
ʱ緢֮˸ţѹǹŽһֱͬһս˰꣬ڵ޶֣˽ԳҡӦɽͬңҲõüһ
ɫ両һĨ˵ĸп㣬ԼһĨƲסĽ
ֱǧ֮ٶ֤㣬ڲʱһٳΪ֮Ԫǿλ֮һ
ʱǽԻҡӦɽסʱңЩѸ⡣ǵ߸Ž񡢶ĵ;ҲһֱгһܹشӼԪгѣ
ֱԪ֮ٽ٣Ȼǰ棬֮ɣһ㾳ĶԿɱһѪ·ӮһǰĻᣡ
˵⣬Ӧɽӥɫ䶼һ⣬һšʡ
ҲǴʱһֱûʲôӦѰһ
һﾹȥ棡


3062 й
ӦɽӥԪûвѰ쳣ɳ׷С
棬ųĴصĵطҲΨһĳ֮أԪУ֤ĴڣֻҪִ棬Կȥռĳ֮·
꣬ҲӵǰĻᣬɵִʱŷ֣УΣķ
Ӧɽӥɫ𲻶ڵִĵһ죬ұܵһΣޱȵɱ٣ԶˣҪɱҵ϶Գơ
˵⣬з⡣
һ̾Ҳʱϳ־ңֻҪԺͲܴٵв
ĻҲ棿
Ѱһ𣬲ʳ
סˣԽӦɽӥԽܻش
ѰһӦɽӥĻȷһ⡪
Ļһŵ飬ɹ
ʱûдӦ
ӦɽӥȻϵʱңҶѾִ棬ĿܻԸ£ĻٵвɺҲ֪Զĸա
أһ٣תƻ⣬ǲǺ֪оʲôʲôӣ
Ѱ˼Ȼ
ϧ
Ӧɽӥ̾һУ֪ҲֻǱɽһǡڽµʱ䣬ұɱ٣һǱˣڶǱһؾǱһͻȻֵĽˡ
Ѱٸ⡣
һĵڻе콣пɼټҲЩÿһֻһϵ컯һĻ
Ӧɽӥ;ռ˭յĻԽ࣬˭ܹӵиǿҲϣռ֮ʵϵĳѣ
Ѱ
Щ飬ǵһ˵
̾ǣҵʱѹƲסһǲ㱻⽣ɱ
Ӧɽӥһ̾ĬƬ̺˵̶֮ʱ䣬ɱ٣νҴǰȻĽϡҲʱҲ֪ҽ濪ʼϵĿһֱҡ
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ãѰר޸ϵơ


ѰӴ߳
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֪ѰѳϣǶһˡ
СѣɴʹߵԪʳһЩʲôʵ
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֮ǰǵ֪УΨһһ޾вĵطҲκ㾳֮ء
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ӦɽӥڣɵҲ༤ҵľźòɱһѪ·һǰĻᡣ
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3063 ˶Թ
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ַзڣǸжΣĸ׷ģԺٲˡ
㸸أԾʡ
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ԾûϵҿɲЩֻǸƽƽģҲһЩ㹻ˡ
ַʱڨڨ

ǰ컯֮棿
֪Ѱ˴λǴԪȫ컯֮棬衢衢ƽ˶һ
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ΪĴ֮ͥһǺв
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һ̣ѰӰ˽ȥ


3064 ȥ
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Ĵ֮ͥһ׽ͥͱѰ̤ƽ
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죬֮׽ͥҲ֮

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Ѱı𷵻صĵ죬Ͱ׽Ҳһ𷵻أҲ׽ͥϢ
ԴˣѰе⡣
ľ磬磬ҲѰ֣̤׽Ԫ˵ȻҲ練Ƶ顣
ֱʮǰھľŷء
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ľֲ̽طҲûҵĲ֮أֶֻܿ顣
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⣬ܹӼԪлǺһԪ磬Ҳ컯֮С
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ٲᣬҲôӴֳ˵Ľ
ͺá
ѰʱЦȵִ컯֮棬ͳװȫˡ


3065 ǿյӰ
ˣô죿
Ӻʵ
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ϹҲɫ죬΢
Ŵ򣬷ֲ飬ԺһԪЩؽ֮ѡ
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3066 
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컯Ǽ󣬺һС綼ûʲô𣬾ǽԪ˶ڳУҲ´ࡣ
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ڣųй仯ؾУٲصΪ类ѹƣ
ֶΣֱᾡ컯
ȸп˶һЦ
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ҿԤʱƣҲעԶӰ졣


3067 ٴαչ
Ѱº󣬲ֹ¸壬ǷֲϰٸԪе޵ǣȫˡ
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ÿǧ꣬컯ǻٰһΡ۵ᡱյ֮;;;;۵档
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۵ǰʮߣԿɻòͬķ
ĿıҲ޷ܵԴѰʶꡣ
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룬۵ʢȡǰʮ¸Ԫ磬˭֪ܲ
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㿴ĸҲϿҵĽ飬ɲʧԾҲЦڡ
ֵַձˣȻҲЧ丸֮󼪡


Ѱʼڷؽչء
ﾳ;ĵڶ磬˾ͻ쳣ѣԭڣҪΪҪ
ؼĹһ̲УǼϡȱԴ
һУﾳڵ֮·ء
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֮Ѱ컯ǿʼ컯֮ӭһǰδеİƽʱڡ
һУ۵ףҲѰĺˡ


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ﾳڵУҲֻһߡ
Ҳһߵľ룬Ѱĵгƿ
ƿѲܴƣҲǱչҪгĥ
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3069 ֮
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ѰЦǸ˽Щ飬Ҷϲ״Ӧ
һŮ𣺡ѣһ֮עǾһ³ҵ룬Ҳбȡů֮⣬ΨˣǲܹлȥЩᡮءٿǿǡ
أ
ѰӷȻ֮ɫʵλҪʲôأ
ѣ̫ˣ
ߴڳײͷˣֻ㣬Ҫξ񣿡
Ѱ̾էʵԩ޳֮˶֣λοҪǿѣ
ȷû뵽Ÿյִ֮أ顣
ƣ֮ǰѾ˵ˣϻô࣬һʱͶ֣ӮˣλĵԻ濼ǵ
ԶСɽϣǱϹֵƵֹڳô࣬иƨá
СһЩܲǻ¡ολĵһֱ˵̳߳붯ַһߵͶС
ǲϵ
ţŮҲѣ˵̳ıһʱҲᱻ˵̳ͳʱעҲɱҪ֡ȷٿһ
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Ҫֳһߵʤ뿪ھͿԡ
ѰĿһɨܣڰǸߴӰϣȻһϣһһ֣
ֶӰȻȻ쳹ء


3070 
ѰӰ̳߳һž
ЩڰеӰԺ⣬û뵽Ѱ޾ʹݡ
䵱ѰսжȻ
ѰֿƽʵǿӲ̬֮ǲðȻ֡
⡣
ߴɽüͷҲ˸ľɲ
Ѱˣǲһ˿Ц⡣
ò˵ЩһﶼܽҲΪֽǶ̬̫ء
һλĵѵ͡
Զǲϵ
ĸߴӵ˵ͷһס

أһٵɫԻĻƬظǡ
һ
ˣѰ˼ԭλҲսĶ̫󣬻ᱻ˲
ûоţûнţѰǳ̬ðЩӰЩ͸ˡ
սŮٴ𣬡Ǻλԩ޳𣬵㵽Ϊֹɡ
á
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ΣŮѰ
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˵ֻ߳ͷųĽȴɽΡ룬ѹؾγ
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ȴѰӰԭزֻ̽һһġ

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ڣŸյִ֮ͼλĴܣѰҲȻ
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Ͼ֮ЩУǵھʮ壬ĴͥϼһǣѱΪıȡǰһ
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Ůӵ˶һۣҲûپܾ
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ΪǣÿһԪ㾳ڵִ֮λ沢һ
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ĵش֮ĵطʶںĵشҲϣȥᵽһǰ
ĺĵشѱռݺͰѿء
ʮ塢Ĵͥ
ΧشֲһЩǵ̣սȲЩĽɫ
Ůӵˣֻ֮Χشߡ
ͬʱлһЩء
ںĵشֱ֮ġԴ֮أ㾳УҲܻòɹĺô
ÿһʱ䣬֮ͻᱬһ춯糱ϫ㣬ʱͻӿֳһ䡰
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Ϊֹ֮Ѿ춯ֹ䡰
ֻϧǰǱԪĿֲڶߣ֮Уûһɹȡġ
˽ЩѰЩˡ
Ҳ֪ԭǰڵ֮ġУ


3071 ج
ѰջŮӣ룬һЩɻҪλ̣֪ܷ֮
ۼѰԻǸߴӺ󣬲¶ʲô⣬ЩҲɲ١
Ůӵѵ޷ֻҪҵ֪ģ޲
Ѱ˵ͷλЩɽˣ
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شǰʵѺͷʲôϵ
Ůʡ
ѰѰɽʮˡ
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ǰ۶ӸǳԾԭѰ
λҲ֪ĳѰȻ
Ȼ֪
Ůһ˵ڵ֮Уû˲֪ġ
˵ţͽԵɵ
ʮǰʱλֱԵھҶϡϡؾִ֮ҲһϢ
ھ壬Ա紫Ѱһ̤ƽ
ңĴ̡ͥ׽ҲأǳѰһֱʣ
£һӺ䶯֮磬ֲڴ˽ֲ֪
Ѱ֣Ҳֵ÷֪꣬
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Ѱ׹
꣬ɨھΨҶϡϡӹһ١ʮǰʱɳľٴǰھ򣬿ϧǣûҵ䡣
ȴ룬ǲһλ㾳ڣѵִ֮
ȻǰЩ귢飬ҲעѾֲ֮еЩϼһ֪
Ѱʱ䣬Ϣ֮ʱԼ컯֮Уڶ컯ǽи졣
Ҳ˵֮ЩϹǼ֪ϢҲ֪ԼѾ컯֤֮ﾳ
Ѱ˼ʱŮǶĳѰĿһ˿η֮ɫ
ųףһһ׺ľˣ
ѣ㻹ûлشҸղŵ⡣
ӳ˼ѰĿ⿴Ůӡ

Ůӵʱҵ֪ɽڵִ֮󣬾ͺԪ̡̽ˣǰЩһֱںĵشһɽϡֻǡ
˵⣬ɫЩԥ
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Ǹ޴ɫϻĿ߿ˣǰʱ׽̡̡ʮǿ߾ͳӷɽԪ̵̺ıӻҲû˸ҶЩ紫ô
˵ţĿѿѰʮǰʱ׽̡̺Щ֪˵Ϊ֮һԷ紫˵ĻҲ֮
ھǰĺ棬׽̺ʮһڴǰԪ̾ɽһսʹ˱
⣬Ѱһɫˡ
һȥ
һս֮ãɱذ;ʱ̵ҲϽ֮綼
ݺϢ˵һսУԪ̵λڸأλﾳ䵱
ǱߣҲвٴ︺ˡ
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˵˵ǵĴֹۣģСҲϾЩǷںĵش飬ҵﾳɫʸȥϵġ
ҵ˵Щ̡Ԫ̺ͷɽ񶼱ڡҶɽϣ̵֮̾أ˷һֱפ׽̡̺ʮǿߣûлҶɽ߳
ǸߴӺȻڣң׽̵´̺Ԫ̲紫˽ԺûκᡮĻᡣ
˶٣ʮҲһ̬˵һ죬ҪҶɽ̤ƽ
⣬ѰӿŲƵŭÿ¡
Ļ᲻֪ΪԼɨԪ̡̺ʮ飬ŻЩŭȫй˷ɽЩʦʦϣ
Ԫ̺Ϊ˱Щʦʦ㣬Ҳܵǣۣ
һ뵽⣬Ѱͺ޲ɱȥ
ǳޣһ£۵ң˴˶ץסһлб
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ŮӳǱߣĺΪףһλڣ˵δ٣һɲ⡣
ĺλֱӳ׾С׾գУӳǶɹĴδٵϹŶĺһǴڡ
׾С׾ˣСУǰ߶ɹδ٣߶ɹһδ١
̵ﾳʮһˡ
Ůӽ̵ܹ󣬾Ϳʼ׽̵
׽̣ͬλڡ
Ϊ׵̣˵׽ʦסʦܣӵŴС
˷ֱںӡϷ硢ӡ
ÿһԸ죬ԪеĳȻڡ
׽̣žλﾳڡ
˽ЩѰҲһȻ侲
û뵽׽̵̡Ĵܾ֮࣡
ɴ˿ɼܹ׽̵̡̤֮̾𣬵ȷƵǽңռʱ
ϾΪԪ֮ٳ֣õЩϼһǲòǰ棬עܺ׽̵̺ĸ
ʮ壬ÿһӵλֻһλɻҲŽӽʮλ
Щﾳǿߣ͸ˡ
ŮӼ֮Ĺϵ̸϶һ¶ʱ򣬿ͬͬʱҲǱ˴˾Ĺϵ
֮ǰ֮磬̡Ԫ̡ʮΪռźĵشĵ̡
⣬Ѱ̲סԪ̺Σ
ŮӵԪλΪ׵ǴнϿλֱθ졢ԡֻǵһսУθ졢λѾأҲ֪Ƿָ
˶٣ˣԪ̱žλﾳڣڵĴսУλӦֻʣˡ
ţ̵ְ˵
Ϊ׵Ǹ룬ԪнϿһǴڡ
ˣλڣֱ˴סѩҶ
̵ﾳ٣ֻˡ
˽ЩѰԸо˲࣡
Ҳʮ壬׽̡ͥĶҪԪ̺ʤһ
ʮ壬˴ʵ֮࣡


3072 е
˽Ĵͥʮ״ѰҲⵣǡ
ʦѣ
Ԫ̡̺ͷ紫˽ԱҶɽգ
Ѱβǣ
λ֪Ҷɽλ
Ѱʡ
Ůӵ˵ڴ˽ĵشУǵҪǰҪСˣ֮粢̫ƽǵɱҪΧԵشĵشܵ׽̡̺ʮųʹ
˵ֻҪ֮ĺĵشӵĻᣬЩ޷̵ġ
û˭Ը⽫Ļᱻ˶ߡ
֪ЩѰЦͣΪǰЩΣҲûǳɹһΣ
Ůӵ˽ĬȻ
ǿɲȥڮ׽̵̡ȴ
ζлλΪҴͻ󣬲ڽռҵ飬λұܡ
Ѱֵ
Ůӵ˽ͷ
Ѳ˵ҵҲɳ顣
Ůӵ
Ϣй¶׽̵̡ȴûǵĶ飬ȴԻ᳹׵ѰԼķɽԪ̺̣
ȻķɽԪ̶̡գһҪʰЩˣҲǿԵֵġ
οվ֮磬ڼԪ֮ǰûܹӴ˵뿪
ֲ֮֮κˣע뿪ˡ
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ҲǴʱŮǲų׳˿
֮ǰǻЩѰɱڣԴžټй¶Ŀܡ
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Уεľ⡣
㾳ԣҪڵ;ϴһѱȵ죬¶пƾ
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ѰǰҶɽһ׽̡Щ֣ҲؽɣҪ֪Щ޵Ŀɾˡ
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ڶ֪ѰѾ׽̶̡̤ƽ飬Ļ϶Ѱ˴ж
ɿܻȴ¡ˣĽٶȺܿ죬ѡݷȵ֤ʱٳ֣ʱ򡭡ɾдֿɿˡ
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֮ıԵشֲһǿߣֻܱȡůݷǰǺĵش
˵Աȴʧȥıȡϣܲ
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ȵȿɣԪ֮ٻа˰ٶʱ䣬żһʱһѰԺܴƵ֮أ
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ҝĲãؼ䣬Ѱһ˰УԶХȥ
ع϶ԭʼŻҝõɽ縲һļµɴ
´ʦѣֻҪһҲԽȻǲ֪ʦǷ񻹼ǵҵĻ
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̫ˣ
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һ̣˼ͱѰɷĩ

ԶһӰɫ䣬һУˣһλþսĺݽɫߵøɴ䡣
ΪҹһˣǺ۸ģ
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ѰһѽﾳڵеĶԨʱù
Ŀɨܣ֮ǰʶӦУӰ
ֻǣɵ⹭ӱɱһĻЩӰֱӵͷһʱ䳯Զȥ
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ֻڣԱ嵽ֱˡ
Ȼط㾳Ʋ磬һжܵϮ
Ѱ˺Ůӵѣһ˼⣬ϵת˲Ϣ֮䣬ģʾͷ仯֮ǰȫһˡ
ôǵıʶݣ׽̡ЩѾִ֮硣
Ļͺˡ
һпʵǣսг𣬿֮УԲСĶ֣Ͳòƴˡ
֪ЩڣһɹϵĴ٣ϵļԪдǿò˼顣
ѰӦɽӥλӵ֮Ԫ߳ġʹߡɱսԷһλڣѰʱ佫ԷѹԼҲء
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֮磬Ľɫɲˡ
ѰҲòСġ
ǵݺ٣һ˲ע״Ԥֻ


3073 Ҷɽ
ãؼ䣬ѰǰС
ֻ֮ǰȣøһ·Ϣһ޵Ӱ㣬С
ѰĵУҪܿͬĸӦҲ¡
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˵ֲ֮ЩϼһǣٶżطͨԸӦʶƵѰټ
ڲѰǶһʱΣҲ֮١
ǺŮԣ֮Ӳȱ޼ɡֶεĺݽɫԽΪ¾Խ顣
ѰߵĽɫҲױٶ
Ϊ˲ƸΪʹֳսɱ¾һֱ֮š
ҲΪκŮѡΪͬ˵ԭҲΪϣѰӪԭ
綼㾳ʱвܻøá
ͽ˶
ʱѰٴܵһͻϮ
λﾳڣԲΣڲΡ
ѰһĻͼܿǵΧ뿪ʱǵӺı֡
һս
λﾳԾþսĬޱȣսʱͷųһ򸲸أԷֹսĶĶ֡
ţԲεﾳΪףһʱʩչɱﵣѰʼգûκηϻ
һ󣬷ֹѰѡ
˴ϵ޷졣
ʱһжͽһͷɱ
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ԷͼɲǼ佫ɱͬ뵢ʱ䣬ǵһʱͳĴһʩչǿֶΡ
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׵λﾳԲڣֱӱѹûüӦµСƵԨ
ﾳǿ߲Ҫ룬ͱѰȥء
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һڱѹʱ򣬱߷ʣսǿ֮ǰڲҵϢʱȴΪλҪӱܵķʽҵȳ֣
ѰľĵĻشż·ö֣û뵽ȴҪֵܹ˭
꣬˶Ѫĳ嶯
ٿڣͱѰѹ
ֶ֣ѰɲκĴһ仰˵һҪɱԼѰĿĵǣ
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ѰĺŮӵˣɾǵһȺˡ
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һѰٶ̫죬ûѰĵϸ֮ǰõǲðȻȫ
ȻҲкǱѰѹһĽɫڳԸѰʱԱβ
ǰʱѰһ·ѹĶѾﵽʮ֮ࡣ
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޺桱Ҷ޺ޣһλСڡ
жļƻЩֻҪڴлʤͻὫҶ޺޺׽̵̡λС档
ЩҲǴܿеġҶ桱ҶΨһһλڣ˵ɹδ٣ںܾǰ֮磬һɲ⡣
Ҳͬǰ硣
Ҳ֪ҶɽǱʲôԪ̵̡еӳûˡ
Ц
Ƽ˻ǽأοͳϼһǣҵǸҿ϶ǱȻʱ
Ц׽̡̡ϺϸĴڣѴǰҶɽҶ֣ԳԲ˶ߡ
˶Ц
Ԫ̡Ѵǣ޷˷ˣֵٹע
ڴʱһȻ𣺡Բ˶ߣλĿ湻ġ
һ仰Ҷɶɺ˽ԻһĿⶼ뿴ĵط
ԶɽϣһεӰ֪ʱѾһϮ°ɫ忡
һĻҶɶǶ¶֮ɫ
ϵɽ£ˣҲػ赲Ӷǵһʱ֪
ڣȴǶûв£ϢسǵϳУ
Ҳеޱȵ⡣
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ѰӰҶȴɫ䣬ʧг⡭ܣ
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ѰȴȰҰУҶ涼㲻Լ۾
Ѱ
һӣҶɶɵҲ¶ɫ궯ѡ
ԴǶû뵽Ǻ֮ǵˣڽճǰ
һжԵǰͻȻ
ĳλһĻᣬȻĳҲ˻ᣬ˶һ֮ĳޡ
Ѱһ˵ţѳɫƽݡ
ߣһﾳԲСѣȴɥĲȵزǲ֪
ҶɶλС߳İҲɣɣ
ѰܹϢǱϵɽҸö֮ˣעǱѰĴڰæ
ѰһﾳԲڸ첻һ
ҶɶɵĻҲڳҶϴľԽĿɨܣ
Ȼ޷ƽǣѰȻѾﾳԲˣ
Ҫ֪ʮǰҶ洫ϢʱҲֻ˵Ѱӵؾĵжѡ
̶Щ꣬Ѱĵоʵ˴ɱͻƣܲ
ȴѰЦ͸żڽ֮⣬ԸЩϼһ˰
𣬱Ҫһԣĵ˵˴󻰣
͵أһӰĽӳһװ˺գɱѰ
һﾳԲڣſɲĹڣƿֲ
һֱ֣ƿһͭӡݺݳѰ
䣡
ͭӡӿֳɫ򣬲ȻĿ
һѸͰԵ
ȴѰ̽һץ
ˣ
ͭӡҰֱӱѰֶͷųɫץ飬ȻըŽꡣ
ͬʱѰӰ͵ǰһȻͷţһ˲ֱǵصŭѹ¡
һǽֱӱѹڵأǱѣѪɽ
һ
ƾƣͽһλﾳԲѹ
ڳ˽ԲɫױˣһĻ̼

Ҷɶɵһʱ֣£е˫̽кݺһġ
䣡
ңɽӽԲ
һŽطӡӡưƴСһ˲ȴһɫĴգӳֳϼȾɫ
ⷨӡͷųϢҲԶﾳķ룬ӡ˸ŵĹϢ
κﾳڣһ¶е
ΪСƿصѴﵽ˼ĵز
һѰȴܣϡ
䣡
һĵмǰͷţεӰȻ⣬Ԩһȭʮѽ컯ʱȽɹһ壬һȭ֮ͷţ
ѣһ־ļһ
ͼ
ɫհķӡֱӱһɬȭ飬ıŽ
Ҷɶɶһȭǿ󣡣
ɴ˿ɲ룬һȭѺɱ
飡
ҶɶɶȫȥӲȴԵƥһȭӰһģ˳ʮɣһ𳱺ѪɫϢҷڲѡ


3078 
Ҷɶɡ
һλɹδٵСڣһλ̤;ռ֮Ĵܣȴһȭ֮б
ģһﾳԲΪˣ
⾪ĶǵһĻóвһ󾪺ҶҶϴ߽¶Ȼ֮ɫͷƤ顣
ܣ
ٿҶɶɣɫҲɡ
ﾳ֮䣬һ󾳽磡ѰһȭȴԵǰǿᣡ
ڣ㻹ĳҪ𣿡
ȻмУѰɱεӰʱԨ㽫飬ݳһ޴ѷ졣
̫ʢڳ˶еѹϢ֮С
׵Ҷɶɣ˿ҲܵʹѰƥɱνеһɳǵĺ⡣
оҶɶɶ޷š
һﾳԲĽɫСڶܵ⣬ȫ߸֪
䣡
ѰȭɱҶɶԴУǰ֮Ӳ
ɽһ˲ӰٴαǿֲȭɽХпѪĳ嶯
ҶɶɫױˣԥԼĵȫս
ϣ
һɫսìգһѩ׵˺գҶɶһȣսìգ𵴳Ĵꡣ
ȴѰɳֿȭǿʢ
ս
֮䣬߾ͽϰٴΣȭսìײŷľ죬ϵɽܵҵĳɽʯʯмɽ
ҶȻǣȼսУҶɶСش嶼ѣѪʣޱȡ
ٿѰȴǿװ㣬ÿһȭԵĲ
һϣ
ﾳڴ𣬻Ӷһսͳս֡
ɱ
ɱ
ҲҵһΧϡ
䣡
նӿ
ͨЮһͷţ֮ˮȻк˼䣬ƥĵõϵɽ֮Ȼݣ߽⡣
Χ
Ѱ¶һĨЦ͵һ䡣
𣡡
һԨЮŻɬնͷų֮ʢ˷Ĺݺ飬һ˲ײУײò𣬰ϡ
ţһڹ׾ӵĵԨӳһɨ
飡飡飡
һһﾳǿ߹ƵıããѹһըѪɽԪ񶼱شڵء
Ҷؾǿߣͱɱ
ɲǼѣڳ֮оֻʣҶɶλСڿ֧ţҶҴܣѹһء
ɶ񣡣
ѪһĻ̼Ҷɶ뷢ŭţ۾Ѫ͵̽һץ
ֲǣƬصȴ˿ȫƿˡ
ͻıʣҶɶ͵һѵ
ʱѰѳԨɱ
꣡
ɫսìϣֲĳ˵ҶɶٳŲסըķѡ
ԪճͱԨס
ѰҶʱڡ
ҶɶɵԪ˻
ϧѹԨڣѰԪ񱻻˹ȥ
ǰ󲻵ӡ
Ѱаɿ
һжԤҪһЩ
˵Ҳû뵽ֻһСҶɶϵɽϣѺвѰˡ
ҡҡͷѰһӡ
ǱѹһصҶϴ߾ͱԨ
ѰĿ⿴ܡ
ڽϵɽ֮ǰźۼؽڴ˵ص򽵷
ҲΪθղҶɶҪʱ޷õԭ

Ѱ̽һУظƬؼͱ
Ѱƾȴ
ûãͳӰԶ
Ѱıʱ˽⵽̾ڰɽϵԴϵѾһա
ܼһλСںλﾳڱѹڰɽϵҲߡ
϶ԣԴڰɽϵҶϡ
ֻʣ°׽ľˡ
Ѱ壬ȴ
ۼһӹȥˣ徹ûзء
Ѱüͷһ壬ٵȴȥӰһֱ̾ġƶɽȥ
ȫŲƵ£һʱ䣬Ѱ͵ִƶɽڵ
ͼɽ£ȫͬڣͷųֲĻϢдսڴɽб
Ѱһһʱ˹ȥ
ಣ
޷ֵѰ׾ٵУûκζ
˵أȷдս
ռؼɽ嶼ѺȻΪ档
ڷ֮ϣľͰ׽ںһӰɱ
Ѱ֣˲Ϣ͸Ӧ˽⵽ʲô
ںɱľϴܣо죬һɹδٵĴڡ
˵սȴ죬ޱȵǿ󣬱֮ӦɽӥĴڶѶá
ΪõľͰ׽ж裬ֱҲûܽԷ¡
˽ЩѰı𶼲ݣҲȻѡ
ЩֵǿߣֻӦɽӥһҲһֱӦɽӥȥͱȽӵе
ɺȻ첻һóĽɫ
֮ǰѰɱҶɶɣͬСڣѰѹʱҲûлѶ
죬ȴܹ弤սڣ֪˵Ĵ̺εȿɲ
¡
Уսˡ
ӰһϮۣò꣬ӿĹһڻȼ񽣣Ƽ䱩Ű
һŻзٻĿֲܡ
УһȺϵ㾳ܣһ߹սһԴ
ٵˡ
ѰâһԥŲգ˹ȥ
䣡
Ԩգֱӳѹȥ

Ӷ񽣣סһӰȴһҡΣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ȼı𣡡
ƺԤϣҲţԵú򶨡
ͬʱֱӴȣϢԮ죡
ˡ
Ѱ֡
һ̣ͳһӳɱԶһȺϴܡ
ıһȫԾй
¡
˲Ϣ֮䣬յĴС
֮ǰѰ壬ѾеѹѰ߶Ԩ֣һӴ˽ֵľ棬ŤתǬ
þҲʼƴֻһЩʱ䣬һǰֱӭж⡣
ɽգۼѣľͳȵס
Ǿϵλﾳڣȫѹȫǲһ

ɫڱˣѰ֪ĺҵȸĶʱֹ㣬ҶɽϵЩҲΪѣ
ѰУûгӽ˹ơ
ʱҲѳս֣һԭ᧿Σľ֧Ųס
飡
󣬸صľػǰڣʶֶݵģ˱Ѱһ߬סСƵĺݺԨ


3079 ˵ж
ӦɽӥԵ֮ԪһλʵĴڡ
֮ɣɱɱһѪ·նһִ档
ɴ˿֪Ӧɽӥεǿ
֮ԱȣһСڣȴӵŲӦɽӥս
֪˵Ĵ̺ε죡
ӦɽӥǱﾳڵѰܣʱѰҲ˸أ͹һ
ڣӵﾳԲΪѰ壬ܺսӦɽӥľսһ൱ͱһʱ׾پܽѹ
ɴҲԿЩѰһսǺεȾˣ
һսҲѰһѣʶ;ϣҲһЩĴܡ
һӡ
øϽ뿪ˡ
Ѱʰսٵʱ䣬תȥ
󣬱ƶɽǻһƬ档

ѰӰʧߡ
ಣ
һҫ۳ʢϢֲӰʹԶƶɽķ֮ǰ
һȺ㾳ڣŮ
ǰľʱȫ۾ǣƲš
˭ôӣϵϳ̤ˣ
죬߽ƵĿڣԴǡ̬Դ֮ɫ
һԪ̡Щϻǣ
˳
ڿɲЩʱ򣬿촫Ϣ׽̡̺ȫ
ն
ЩεĴھչжѶ
ܿ죬׽̡̺Դ˷½ĿûľϳʱһԶɫ䲻ѡ
ΪʱԶһӰҴҶɫѿ
ˣҶڵϵɽԴڵİɽҲΪ棬ĵѽʧӰ٣
һ仰ڳĴܽȻ

š
죬֮춯ɱ磬ɼˣǸϳУҲ
ڣҶϡϡԴϳȴ̤ˣ
˭ܽܣ
֮ĺĵشҶɽЩϻ֮⣬ûκ˸ҺЩԣ
˻ɣԪ̡Ϊ
Ͼ֮磬ܹ쵽һģҲֻԪ̺Щǡ
ЩֲΧԵشĽɫͲġ
֮̾ػΪǣ˭ͻϮػһʱڣϳȴȫ̤⶯֮עһˣ
侲
ⲻܣʱǰ̵ӳʦѾλһ𣬴һڴǰҶɽ£Ԫ̵̡ûκλҶɽ߳
һλ̵ɮ
ҶɽЩϻҪˣʲôģߣһȥҶɽһ֪
׽̵һλȻ
˵ʱȳҶɽķȥ
˼ˣ˴˶һۣҲչж
ֻһǰҶɽ
һҴҳ֮̾ظȥ
ҪЩϢ֮Լеǿߣǰ

ҶɽԶĵط޽һӪء
ֻһʱӪأҲ޽Ļֺһ
֮ǰһֱԴ̫ҡ⡢֮λСڴˡ
ڽգӳ׽ںӡϵءϵԪλڣλСһӪصҲǿǰǡ
˿̣ӳںӵ˾һ̸δľƣ̬Ȼ
żĿ⿴Զһ㶯ҲûеҶɽʱһ˿˿Ĳмͼڽζ
ƽķΧܿͱˡ
ĴŲնҲйҶϡϡԴϵجġ

˭ģ
һʱ䣬ڳһڴɫˡ
ӳںӡغԪλڵɫҲѿ
֮£Ϊظĵ̣ȷЩĶнʱᱻ˳û˷ˡ
û룬ֵĵһ죬ֻͷˣ
ֱڴλ
棬ѵҶɽЩϻΪ
׽һλﾳǿ̲ס
ǰţǵҶɽ߷Ԫ̵̺ûɱֻ
ڿƺЩ
Ŀл᣿
ںߣģ£Ѱݣͷϡ裬ϢɭȻļ¡
ȷԪ̺Ϊ
ӳҲڡ
һֱڴˣҶɽϸûκζǵʶƬУԪ̵̡ǳǡ
ǡ˭ģ
˶㵣ɫ粻
Ԫ̵̡Ļ֮磬ĸܹӵ̤ͣ
ϵľҲˣ
غʵ
˶ˡ
˵ش
һӣڳжһ
죡
һСڣųСе޵ս֮ǿᣬܺʹڱȼ磡
һλܣЩУҲžصĵλӳںЩ֡
ڣȴѣ
ԾǶϴҲԿ⣬ȴܹܣֵȻӵŴУսǿ򣬾ϲܻûߵĻᡣ
ӳüѸһĨɫ
һȴڵĶֻףҪɱһĴڣȴӵѹһͷ
˿ɼεȿ£
ӦòֹһˣҲ޷ڶʱ̤ҶϡϺԴϵĵ̡ƶϣ˵ֶ֮һЩڣЩ֣ҵΪУ
ںҲȻ¶֮ɫ
ӳķõҲеһļ£նѹ
ΨһԪ㾳֮ܽ磬ϳĴͥʮ壬ܻڣŹ֣ʵ̫Źˣ£϶ǲ֪飡
ü
Ƿɽˣ֮ϼһò֣֮־࣬Ȼǻ֮ǰʱȴǸصĽһ𣬻¡
ںӵ
һС
ҿ֮Ǿ̽˵ݡ
ӳΨˣֻܱٷ
Ե֮ǽж
ںʡ
ӳ˼ڿʼҺԪһ𣬼ش˵أֹҶɽЩֳûҡ
Ŀ⿴ںӣصһ𣬴һ𷵻ظС
أ
ںü
ӳǸĵȫһһǸɽᱻٵȴԱܿ˸ƵĿܡ
ŻȻͷ
ȷЩɢױơ
ҶϡϡԴǰ֮


3080 Ӧ
Ҷɽ
֣ЩһҴҶִҴҶȥںӺ϶Ҳһ뿪Īʲôʷ
ӷɫ
ҶɽԶ˵Ӫֻɾ룬ʶؿ˵һж
£˵ӪУֻʣӳԪڡ
ⷴһĻҲҶɽ˵ע⡣
Ҳܹ֮Ҫ̽ҵȻôʱɱȥ
нϿ
ԴˣȴвܹͬݣĺѴǿǰ磬£ЩжӪĿܻǳ
˵⣬ᶨҿȻбʷˣһʺܴ󣬷򣬶ϲںӡ϶ҲòӴ˵س롣
Ԫ̡̺ͷɽ˶һɧ
̫鷢ˡ
֮䣬Ĵǰ
ţӳںӵλھʹһǿǰפڴˣҪҶɽ˷ˡ
ڣӪַı仯һжԵúܷ
ڽյ֮磬ʲô
нϿǸˣԸеɻ
ɺҵȱڴˣ޷̽κϢ򣬻ץסһЩԷˡ
һ̾
ҲĬȻѡ
Ǳ³޷뵽УҲ޷֪緢ĸϢȻٱƣҲֻ̡
ӪгıʣǶԻһ¡
нϿ֤֮еȷĳ޷֪ı仯ڷ
˵⣬ǰ֮ǰڣӳ²ⲻӪӦֵ˰ɣ
糿ĺģصأҲפ֮ӪеӳԪ
߶һۣüͷ΢΢һ塣
ɣҶɽϵнϿǣѾһЩ˿
нϿȴѺεȲȴ˼ҵȵ飬úܿЦ
ӳȻ
һϮɮۣׯϣһ飬һɲɽΡơ
ǺǣǵȷˣںӡԪ϶ǲǰҴȥ
нϿ̸Цݱ²£ǲ˳ô˻ͻϮǵĵ̣
һӣӳԪнԸһĨɫϼһ֪
ۼ˳ĬȴнϿЦҰ͸ãȻˣ
Ҳ¶ɫ
ֻӳԪķӦʶ¼ܱнϿ˵ˣ
ֻǣҲ޷֮У˭Ӿ˴󣬸ȥ׽̡Щ֡
Եúܲ˼顣
ȻǶԣȻһ׮ϲ¡
ôнϿѵΪһЩСС⣬ܺҵ˵Ϊ⣬ǾܴҶɽ
ԪȻ
нϿ΢΢һĬЦںӡضѳɲС⡣
Ԫָָһ޴Ĵ£ʱ䣬ҵĶԻ᷵أȾ£нϿĪΪ֮ĸֻܷ䲻ɣ
һأнϿȻ
ԪһЦٶԡ
нϿŤͷߵĸˣ֮ǰĶԻλԤȷ˳ôʱЩж͵Ϯһһںӡضòĺݽɫ⣬һĻ˼ˡ
ǷҪһ
뾫һɱڡ
Ҳ⶯ѡ
нϿҡҡͷǣʲôʱӳԪҲסˣʱǳʱ
һ˼⣬˵ͷ
ӳԪסʱ򣬾ζһʣںӡ˶޷⡣
ĻٳмսЩжϳɨһգ
ĵģЩǰ硯еϼһǲ֪ʲôʱ᷵ء
нϿĿϵ֮üͷ
ǰδֺڵļ£һ֮á
ǵȼУʱʱػ֧Ųסӳǰ硣
ڵĴηڵ棬Ҳעһ˵׼ʱʱЩжеĶͻ᷵ء
һжζű
ڵЩȻҿɣѾڴ˵ض꣬һֱڴ˵أֻᱻڵУҲעлȥǰ
ˣԵץסһлѰı䣬˶һЩҵĴսֻҪܸıƣ㹻ˣ
нϿУòŵ˵ͷ
˵ĲһֱڴˣעһֱڵУ˭޷̵ġ
ãھԪ֮ٵʱ仹а˰꣬㹻ȥȴѵʱȡж

죬ҶϡϡԴϵϳ̤Щж𶯡
һЩУǸԵڶǰ磬ǵĵϣֻﾳ
֪ҶϡϡԴϱ̤ϢʱЩ޵һһ亹Ҳѡ
ֻУעҲӸ³
ںӡλڵİ£̺޵ߣԱ׽̾Ĵɽ
Ҳڵ죬ںڴɽ
λСͶʮλﾳһǰֵ̽ټ
ǺƺƵڣؼ䣬Χ
ΧԵشҲûзŹ
ؿּܾͻ켣ΧԵشС
·ϣ켣Χش޵ߣʣҺؽв;档
ϧһ
˵һжﾳ׺İǸս֮硣
ϢֱӱǺˣʲôЦﾳ̤Ҷϵ壿
֮Ҫҵģڣ
ǲΧֲΧش޵ǣһ顣
Ȼǲδй¶Ϣľٶ֮綼䶯ˡ
ѵ˶Щ˲ɣ
϶ڽ֣ЩĶﶼѾǰ֮ɱʱ͵ϮЩʱ
ֻǣ˭ɵģδҲ̫˰ɣ
ҵǰͲһңĻܸı֮ĸ֣õҵҲлĵشȥе

ЩֲΧشģ඼ﾳεĽɫһ˲֪꣬Ļ᲻µ֮дʷ
һʱ䣬Ҳѡ
ֻҪбעϣıµĸ֣
ΨһǵǣһᱻЩˡ
ͬʱ
һƬϿȵĵ¶С
ѰһӣȹŮӵ˾ƾճ֡
ڿʼֻίλȺһʱˡѰ¶һ˿Ǹ⣬ֿڡ


3081 ͻ
ڷص·ϣѰľҲ˳ȹŮӵ˴أѰ׷ġ
ҶϡϡԴϵϳ𣬶ʱڣ˭Ҳ֪ѰΪ
ңЩжҲעܻɵԪ̡̺ͷɽϡ
ѾѰĿġ
ǣҲȻ
ȹŮæ
ȻѰֶΣҪɱڼֱ練ƣѰȴûôĻ뷨ˡ
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ֵѣܷðһ䣬㾿ʲô飬ŻСģߴɽ̲ס
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3086 
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3089 ֮ʱ
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һʱ䣬Ϸ쳹֮
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Ǻǣ䱻֮ռˡ̳ҲΪ˸ۣԺǺٺҵˡ
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õһǣһ˶ʮļУЩжҲ˼ۡ
ңҶ޺˵뿪Щж


3090 ŭĵ
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˵⣬ʲôĿ⿴Ѱɫһ˿ȻúСɱﵣҲкܴϣԷȫˡ


3091 ޹
룬ȷʵˡ
θҲ˵ͷ
Ѱң
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нϿѾ̲סЦĺЩϻ˵ǻۣȻһЩĵطǶϲܻΪƾҵЩϼһܸӪ˴شʶɱʱȻᾯʮ㡣
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ɴҲԿΪۣ׻
ȻΪѰֻһһﾳɫͬҲ׳
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3092 
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3093 ɱ
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һĻĺʳ⣬Ĵ

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3095 ˼
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Ϊİ˰Уֵкܶ࣬뿪֮ǰѰȫԸʦ־ͻ

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ԳԷ죬أ͵һ󶯵ͬʱѰܵһɾ˵Ϣ
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3096
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΢п
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ϣ΢΢ף΢һۡ
˵ʱһԲƯϸһĨ֮ɫСʦܣ
ǰнϿҶɽߣֱʵɽϣǲδЩڱչصǡ
ھֱ˿̴ӱչ֤߳ƾʱŷѰ
ʦ㣬Ȱ֤ĪҪ񡣡
ѰЦ֡
˸ۣһҪѣ
СʦﾳԲУڻܹܵ㡣΢Ц
ȻֱѰ죬¶һĶǰЦݣ֤󣬵úúøСʦ׽׽
˵ţ½Ŀ⿴񷡣
ٽ٣ɲٷġ
ܿ죬һԾ֮ˡ
ʱ
ûⷢƽٶϣ֤㡣
Ȼһ׮ѵõĴϲ¡
УΪԪ֮ٽٵԵʣû֤
ܹڴ֤ѿƲס
紫У˴ʦ֡ʦѰ紫˽Ի֤㡣
ڣҲΪ˵λ֤ķ紫ˡ
ﾳڣ֤ؾĽɫʲô
Ҫ֪ܹ̤;ģֻһС˶ѡ
Ѱս꣬ھ컯֮棬㾳࣬޵߶ԣԵޱȵϡˡ
죬ʵɽϾͰڿϯΪء
ֻǣû뵽֤㾳ֻǿʼ
ڽʮÿһʱ䣬з紫֤㣬ӡ΢桢ѩ¡
һ֤ɹ
ǵһĻĻʮҲԪ̵̡һϼһ𺳲ѡ
Ƕ紫ûһ֮һŷͬѰ츳͵̡
ǰʱǴգѹƵ̫ݣںܾǰ֤ͣ
ȻˣЩϼһ𺳡
ؼǣ֤ķ紫ˣûһʧܵӣ̤ؾ󣬾չ¶Զͬǿս
˳Ծĵط
ЩѰԣһϲѶ
УЩʦʦܹ֤;˳µ飬̸϶⡣
ÿʦʦ֤ɹѰػһݺ񣬽Ƕ㾳ĵر
ҲѰ⡣
Щɱ˲֪Ҳ۵ĲƸټա򡱰壬õܻõ޷屦
ЩƸӵﾳԲеɲ϶;ʶѰЩʦʦ㡣
Ҳ飬紫˼ʶλСʦܵĲƴ֣ԭǻ֮о˼
ȫЦǺǵؽˣȱʲôԴʱһʱȥѰ
ѰȻ䵱ʦʦǡɢͯӡ
ֻ֮ܶҪܰﵽЩʦʦ㣬ͺܸˣ
Ҫ֪ǰСʱ򣬾æûȥ
ʮУѰҲ˴ӱչ̫߳Լţ֤ﾳ
ֻΪϣѾѰԶԶ
Ѱ̫ԼҲһп䵱֪Ѱִ֮һϵ󣬸ǳԾ
˭ʱѣԪѰӵɱڵ
֮ʮѰԣƽʵϲѶ
ʮ֮Ҳƽ˾ֲںĵشе޵ǣȫû˼ȥɱ
ΨһѰյľǣЩһֱԴʦֵɽչȴ֮
ڣʦֵǿᵽؾȴ޷ʵһ
ãѰаοǣȻʦֻȴһ׳
ı仯Ҳһϣ

Ҵֹȥʱ䡣
һ죬ڱչصѰرһ֮ѡ
߳ͼ֮ϣƺƵյ֮ڴ˿̲ҵ䣬ˮκˡ
Ҫ𣿡
Ѱӷܡ
Щһֱڵȴ֣
ʱʮ֮꣬һε˵һΣҲֵϳˣ
ԶһЦ
ͼнϿ롢θһڴӰ֣һü両ϲɫ־ɡ
Ѱӹȥ
Сѣξ֮ǰƶļƻжΣ
нϿЦʡ
á
ѰͷӦ
ڰǨʵɽʱͺнϿǰ顣
ƻܼ򵥡
֣нϿ롢Ѱһ𣬴ŹԡѩҶ˴λСǰ档
θλʵɽ
Ȼ˵֮磬ûж֣ɲһһθ򣬲˳׷ġ
ڴ£ѰҲͶʦʦĹѯǵ˼
ЩʦʦҲǰ棬ѰȻƴȫΪȡᡣ
Ƕܾˡ
ǲŽֻؾΪ֮ǰ棬ҲΪ֤ˣûǰ档
ңǴѰе֪Ҳ֮ӦɽӥĴüβѣջҲΪΪĻЧġʹߡ
£лǰ棬ǵĵҲע޷ĸΣպ⡣
ˣ֮
һ޾ٵвԾΪ
¾ǼԪ֮٣һԪٵ֮еǣҲѡ
ףǶԣΪԵʣǰͲȤ
¡
֮еľˣſգӿ񱩣ֲ֮Ԫе޵ǽѱ
ܿ죬Ŀע£֮Уӿֳһ޴ޱȵоƬ꣬ÿһƬɽɢĿĹϼ
֣ԭޱȵ֮ҲǶʱðƽ˾ǿҵķ
Ǵ
ִ̲ܹÿһԪ㾳컯
ϤһĻĻѰɴ˿ټʱȲѣǳŶսⶼƱˡ
ҪսҪһδμǰĥͷš
Ψˣܾ֤
СѣǸˡ
á
ԴнϿ˺ѰһֱŲգ֮ȥ
ʱ䣬ֻʮ
Ǳʮ֮ǰִУΨˣлȥǰ


3097 Ůħͷ·
ֺ֮÷ƽ˾
һӰƾճ֮ϣŮ٣ÿһϢԿֲޱȡ
̤˺һ˺ʱյĳ磬ȥ
棬ľһ֣һΣϷϲ飡
һߵȻڣ̤һɽͼͷɫǣͫ׵ƣ֮䣬ǣ
ˣ㲻ĵ
ߵĳ֣òһ
ˮ
Ԫеһλڣһλɹߴδٵ
֮ĸԪУˮҲһ˲õĴܡ
Ц̳ʱ㽪ϹֺʱյҲӮ
أһӰ֣һĺŮӣŮһͷɫϣˡ

һ궯ϹŶ¶ļɵ֮ɫ
һ˶ԪŮħͷɱ飬սֲ
ˮɨһۣЦһ̤
ţҲʧڴС
Ͼֻʮʱ䣬ڽ֮ǰȻѪҲû˻ѡ֮ж֡
ͼ꣬ԽԽӰڡ
вһЩڽˮǿ
ף֮һȺİĽɫ
һ˲Ѱ˵ĳ֡
ԭԪ̵нϿ̵ĸ롭ô˵Ļ׽̡ЩϼһϢģϵˣ
ϳнϿǵݣ¶˼֮ɫ
һδУĺ̵˻ȡյʤߡ
£ԪĴﶼ۵ס
ɵнϿǳ֣ЩʶЩһ
ӴһﾳǰǴ㽫նɣ
ע⵽Ѱ㵳
ﾳ
ע⵽һĻԪϼһǣЦֻЦݳζ
ﾳڣôֲӰϣѻˡ
Ѱȴ΢΢һЦгڴ
Ȼ£ֻУܼɿԾĽɫЩϼһǣ඼ŴУ
Ѱܲڴ
Сѣߡ
ûе飬нϿǺѰһ𳯴ȥܿǵӰʧ
ʮܿȥ
ǾƬɽ޴Ļ£һ𣬾Ư֮С
Ҳζţ濪ʼˡ
˭ʤ˭ӵǰĻᣡ
һβǿжٰʮһˣϴζҪʮˡ
ʵɽۣ֮θڡ
ĺϴʱջʤҲһڣһнϿǰӵеЩѷɫĺˣ£ҪʤǺܲװ
ü
θֻҪţʧˣһλᡣϹжĿģǶû̫뷨޷ǴѰǰϤһ
˶˵ͷ

硣
ԭʼؼ䣬Ⱥɽ֣çç
Уͷƻݵ˻ʱߵԶһжԭʼĺϢ
УŨۺһһľʮ㣬ȣӡϵĴۼ
ˡ
һղѰӰƾճ֡
ܴƬ̣Ѱвӿһ˿̾
㾳УƬؼӯĹޱȣԳս
ʱܸܵĴ
ҪǣѰӦǵĹ˹һϵĽɴ
һ¡
ѰһǴԼ޳Ӱƾո֡
ȷ˹򡣡ʣ˹
˵ʱ̽ϸ֣ĳС
ܿ죬֮ϣһƾӨλð˿ߣƮ֮ϡ
ʱѰĿУǰֶһƬ翵ĹӰ֣ӳֳһȦȦɬĴ
˴ޱȵľ
ƥСϷĵϲãѰܸܵǷӡڱһ㻽ѣȥҵͻʵͻͽ
Ѱһ𣬹Ȼûã磬ȴһʵͻƵġء
컯֮Ԫġ塱Уʩչͨٳ֮֡ӵﾳڵеļͳɱ
ҲʱѰ֪սѾ͵ʱؾԲΪԼ൱
Ѿһˡ
ѰﾳԲڣڼԪ١̤һڼԪϵ;ɱӳ޼ɡ両Ĵڡ
һһ£нϿĴѹƲסѰ
Ŀǰֻ൱ﾳˮ׼
Ȼʩչٳ֮֡Ƚͨ׺ɨﾳеһж֡
ѰҹӡսԶֹˡ
Ҫ֪ҹ̫ӵĺھŴΡ١ĴŻɱ٣
Ҳζţҹǵ֮ĴڣҾǵھŴδ٣Ҳûнɱתޣĵת֮ϣ
ҲΪЩ겻սԭֻҪӡڵҹʵһʵĲ
ڣԣǵġ˹򡱣԰ʱǷӡ
ȥнϿǰǻϡ
Ѱ룬ϡ
磬ǸԪսɱĶʱ̶ᷢΣա
ֻкнϿǻϣγвֵĻҲӵרڴ˽Ļᡣ
˵ͷ
ֻǣչе֣أԶһȵ𡪡
СﾹܹӦͼȡ˹
𣬾ͼһһͷɫƾճ֡
ݱϣһŮӣ𣬼ѩףŮˡ

ѰͫһУɫؽ
ڽ֮ǰнϿר̸Ů顣
޳ɱ㣬Ůħͷ֮м
˵ںܾǰץסһǰ档
ֵǣȴһδηĻᡣ
û֪Ϊλô
ڣƾճһ
ȻղӦ˹һĻ罿ŮġŮħͷˣ
Ѱжһ
Ÿ磬һݲӣ湻ùġ
ѰҲš
սҲɵӺɱŮħͷһս


3098 ʮԪ
ƳһѰҪɱˣϻҲá
߿߿ת顣
ɻȴԵüԵ
ѰЦЦΪΣ
Ŀ⿴ѰΪÿҸúģ͸صһˡ
ѰȻء
ü΢壬һ˿á
䣡
ǽɫݷƸܵ˵ľӲӵһԵɲĵԣǵϢһλС
˲Ϣձɲĺɱ⡣
ﾳѾݵ壬ѰÿԷһۣɫ
ˣŻˣλСѿɲѰˡ
ǽɫݣ߶ʱ
¿ѰҰıȡǰߵСһʱΣģҲ˺һ׮벻컯
Ѱɻ󣬵ΪΣ
Уϲŭ޳ɱ飬̸ɫŮħͷԭѰΪԷһԲϾʹ֡
ڿԷȴԺʹвһ
룬ûΪ˲˹֮ȴʮԪÿһԪ֮ǰֻҪ֣ұؽ˵ء֣ΪҲǰ棬ԭܼ򵥣Һ˲һֻ汾Դɵϴˡ
˵⣬Ϻظֳһ˿Ȼ
Ѱ򲻽һ
Ϊ˲˹򣬾ڴʮԪ
Ů˵ִҲ̫ˣ
һԪʮϰ꣬Ȼ㾳˭ܻΪ˺ķһԪʱȥһ֮
ȴΪ˺ĵʮԪ
̫𺳡
ƫִԳ
̫ƫִȴ߻ħ
Ѱɲҿ϶ǷѾΪƫִħ
ʮԪˡҲֻһЩƤëѡ
̾ǵǰи;ң˹ִ򣬴ڴˡ
ԭΪǽ˵ĶԣڿǸû뵽ңһᡣ
ЦˣǷĵϲãˡ
ڣˣ

ѰĬƬ̣£ǰﲻ㡣Ҳͬ⣬ãյ˹򣬿Ҳˣ޵Ϊ֮;Բһ
Ȼˣ㲻ֻҪ֪β˹ģ㹻ˡ
ġ
Ѱ˼
һģ
Ѱͷ
㡭ûƭң
ЩԾ
ѰҿԼġ
ܡ
ʧŮİ˽΢΢
ʮԪҲδܵõֵ˹ڱȴյ
ʮԪ
Ǳĵ̸϶ҪУȴʧ˴Ҫһˣ
֪ٸҹǸǰĻ
㣬һҪ
ǴʮԪ
Ǹ͡ڵԼ
ÿ뵽⣬ĵļ־ͻᶯҡԥѹڡ
գǼ
˵е飬ƫƫҪģ
֤
ֻǡ
Ϊ˸Ĵֵۣ
δϲ󱯣ʧء
ԣ¸⾰һŵǧĥޱߡ
Ϊ̫ںˣ̫ƫִ˹ڲŻڴʱ˿̣ܲסһݵհ㣬ʧˡ
㻹ڵôô
أỬѩգ֪ģȴ֪֮⡭
˼ţ֪˼ࡣ
˼ⳤ䣬˼
ʧǣ߶½ɫݣȥ
ǱлصӰƮȻ
ͻȻ
뿪ʱȴǡ
Ѱס
ܸܵƲסı˺ѹ
ֻǣȴû뵽һڶɵֵŮħͷĳӡ
Ҳлⲻ°ɣ
Ѱҡҡͷٶ롣
Ϊ
أڣƵģǿԣҵһ
ƥСϴһ˿΢̧ͷؿѰѰһ㲻ˣһһֱģأ
ѰЦԴҲǡ
ʱЦˣЦݲá
߰ɣȥнϿǰǻϡ
ѰĸһӦɢĲֱȥ
ܹӦнϿǵϢ
нϿ롢ԡ˴סѩҶϣһ顣
һڽһʱһ
Ͼ˵˽缫֮ôŲҹʱ䡣
Ҫ֪ھԴĲҲֻһܺᴩھ
ף֮Ǹﾳˡ
һ·ϣѰɱһЩֲϢǷֲеԪĴߡ
һ⣬ûжѰ֡
ǲңȥԸһСɫ
ԩ޳ɱ֮
֮û˭Ѱһﾳɫ֣ע⵽Ĵڣɺܿˡ
ǶԣһֻϴȺ˭ں
ԴѰȴһҲеʧ䡣
ǱӵԵʣ˴ǰ磬ΪսΪһδεȷѪĥһƾеĶɱ
˭룬û˴
ѰҲ˼ȥսԩ޳ģ²ȥ֡
ңȥսǷǱΪɣĻһսʤˣἫ׵ˡ
һ룬ﾳֵ£Щ˲֪µϼһԿ
ѰΪһ·Ͼͻӡʱ鷳ˡ
һƬƽԭľʢ
ѰʱرһֲӰסѰһ񣬵Ǻ⣿
һӣӰһҫ۵ĳɫĮᡣ
ɢεĿֲϢ
ʱڱ׸ϰ㣬ˣ֮磿
ĿѰܲȴˣϴŵ⣡
£ûսء
Ѱ˼
мСɫ֣֪ͬЦɡû취˭ĺЩëͬһطأ
䵭ڣԹԵظһˣֻ֤Ҫϣ򣬿ɾͱֱˡ
Ѱɫ㵣ңΪ˱ĺЩˣ
зһĨ⣬ϴɱսʱĺ͵Ϯ˱һΣõҲʹ䣬ܲ
꣬ѰǶһ鴤
ԭԼĺЩϼһﱳ˰


3099 ɽ
һӣѰսɢ
ɲĺ̵˵ĳ˶֡
룬Ѱ˵ѣˣҺĺҲǳУһɱĺ
ɱĺ
͵ЦˣȻô˵ñܸˣΪСƭù
Ѱô˵ΪԱ
ֻǣ˵һﾳܹɱĺĴڣǲŽЦ
ЩоѰƭԼķʽҲ̫ˣȫԼǻۣ
ˣѰһòĵɱĺʱһλǰæҿԱ֤
ӴϵƭңΪҺܺƭ
ˣѰĿⶼ⣬СԼ׳˰
Ѱַĳ̾ˡ˵ʲô
ˣͶ࣬ǡ
Ѱתߡ

Ѱ̬ӽסŭЦƭҲɣڻߣǸûѱа
˵ʱ֣̽ճѰץȥ
䣡
ɫӿ֣һֲֻܿĻ֣ǶʱնƱϢֲ
һܽС¡
ȴѰӰƾһڼ䲻ݷ֮ʾŲƶȥõһա
ôʱѰӰֱһ㣬˺ѳգ˲Ϣʧٶ֮죬Ӷһ
û뵽һϣСӾΪӵõ
ߣӰŲգѰ׷ȥ
һﻹԽ
׷ѰһʱͲ̲ѡ
ûᣬȫŲơ
ں󷽣ӽ׷ᣬٶԽԽ죬̺Ѱ֮ľ롣
ˣӲģʶȤģھ־ܣȱ׷ʱɾⲻһƤ֮ˣ
󷽣Ӵȡ
ѰţԹŲơ
ǾƲԳԷƣ
Ѱ¿ˮ̵ļƣŭ
ֻǺܿ죬ٿȻֹ
ͼԶطٿӳӰ
ͬʱѰֹΪֵӰнϿ͸롣
ɽҪСΪУ
нϿŹֵؿѰһۣԶӡ
нϿһģ
Ӷٸ⡣

нϿЦǺǵһᣬͺðˣ֮ĽҪڽջٵ
ߣһָѰСӿɲʵĺܣΪҺƭ˵Ļѻȴ֮ǣһﾳ˶ѣȴʼոûҷУ
ƭ㣿нϿ͸붼һ
ԣ˵ɱĺţ
ӵܸ֪ĺ϶սжǿһﾳɱģѻֱǲӣ©ٳ˵ܲ
ѰЦѡ
нϿ͸ЦЦᶼ
Ӷٸ޹⣬յЦƨһУҿΪ˸нϿ͵Ϯĺ϶һһѣûܸǣȴشõ϶Ϊ̫أɱ
ԣнϿʱݣֲϴĺǷ֮ʱûݳ֣ԭǱˡ
ڽĶʱĺ̴λ綫ǰأ͸Ϯɱ
ĺǷʱȴֻˣλﲢδء
нϿǶ³硣
нϿȴû뵽ݵ䣬йء
һʱ䣬Ҳжϼһﾹ꣬Ϊҳǡ
Ӵϵˣټлңֻ㣬СӾòʰһ٣
Ѱ

нϿɫŹֵɽ磬Сѿɲûƭ㡣
һǺ죬нϿӻ㵱ѣȴΪСӣϧԲѣ
ˣﾳɱ
нϿϼһ˵óڣ
ɽȷġԶĸæڡ
㡭ҲҪСƭң
û£СӾʲôˣϼһƤҪˣȥǲöˣҶú
һӣнϿ롢Ѱ˶һۣһͷ
һ룬нϿ͸붼ɽ顣
ǣڲʶѰ£֪һﾳɫɱĺҲΪǲܵġ
ɴҲԿĺЩϼһԸѰʱҲˡ
͵أѰһһնȥ
䣡
Ľֱ֮ˮ䣬ããһƬ
Էŭһͫһܵ˽ϢĿɲ֮ԥ֣һȭ
䣡
ȭͽཻȭȴֽ㱬ըƲն
һ֮ǰһȭЩҲСܹ⣬һﾳɫˡ
ڣȴǰ㱻ˣ

ۼնӺԥȫָӡһȼĹĻ
䣡
նĻ͵һҷ
ȻһձסɢһգǽͷųȴӵѪһ󷭹ɫò
ԶѰֱ֣ȭǰղŵˡ
ɽ磬ζΣ
нϿЦʳ
ȻԴ˵ˣһܣܸϼһˡ
ӳĬƬ̣ɱĺ
ԭŭ˿ȴԵЩΣɫҲܸӣѰһȷҲû뵽һﾳ˻ǿ
ʱԸĺʱҺСһֻ֣նɱĺģҲȷСѡ
нϿ͵
ԭˡ
ɫЩڣѰʱѰ˵Ļȷ
ҲζţʱѰûѡ
Ķܾȣ޵֮С
ˣ˵㣬ʱĺ϶Ҳû뵽Сѵս졣
нϿǰЦӼһ£ονʶڣɢҲ֪Сѵˣ־ñط꣬ϲϼϲ顣
Ҳһ֮ˣЦǺǵԽþԽ̣ȷʵ׾ˣûֳһЦøλЦˡ
˵ţֳѰ΢΢֣֮ǰðСĪ֡
Ѱæǰ̫ˡ
СѣɽԡԪһɹδٵϼһ
нϿЦŽΪ˽ܣѰɽСĴˣ񲻵꣬ӵﾳԲУս֮ǿɶɱӳ޼ϼһ
ɽ̲ס紫ˡѵǷ֮ȴһ
нϿ͸Ե˵ͷ
ɽпֲãܾǰҾ˵֮ȵĴֻҪ֣е߸Ž񣬴¸ֵĴֻ̣ȴûţڿҵȸͲ˽֮ⷽ۹Ⱑ
Ѱסѵ˵֮ϼһǣҲ˵һ£


3100 ħ
ѰԼ³ˡ
ʦӦǻ˶Ԫ֮ҲŻɽĴ߽˽¡
˵ʦ֮аԪʦԪʦǰ
Ҳ˶׽ʦ׺ʦ͡
ҲΪԪ̡̽Իǰӻ紫˵ԭ
ʱнϿʵɽ磬ԪУʣ¼ˣ
ңֻʣϰӡĽˡ
һϮ۵ɽпԽԽ٣ҪʱԽԽѡһУҺϰӡĽ֣Ҳ顣ϰĽˣζûǰ
˭ˣ
нϿü
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нϿԵúܼ֡
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㲻˵Ҳ
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·ϣнϿҲǽһЩ鴫֮Ѱ
ԭнϿɽӵˣںܾǰʶǽԪУδ١
ϸԪнϿѡʦԪһ𣬽Ԫ
ڣμԪ֮ʱнϿ뵽֮硣
ʵϣ֮Ԫżʡ
ÿһԪʱѡ֮ȴ˻ѡһµļԪʵ
Ҳζţ¼ԪеǿߣµļԪ֮ǰ֮ʱͻ֮Ӧġλ硱С
нϿǽ֮硣
һֱ֮ЩǿߣһֱԭڵļԪС
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ʶнϿѣ֮˴ļԪλȴǲһġ
ѰȻҲһ㡣
ѯص˵ľʱͿǹ⡣
ΪЩʦʦѡһֱ֮޷ȥɴ٣ΪֻﾳԲز
ЩʦʦѡǰµļԪУһҪǰʱעҪȴ¡
ΪֻмԪнٽʱǲȥɴ٣֤Ҳлٽ֮
ʱٽ֮Ǿ޷֮磬ǻڼԪӦµλС
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ÿһμԪ֮֮ǰﶼٺɱ
ͬҲǿ֮ڼԪ֮ǰδٵĺɱ
Ȼ㾳ѡжֽ١
֮˶ɽٶ˶ɽٳɹҲѡ֮ܡ
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ΪܹڴлѼ䲻ס
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ϾٵܻһαһǿܹһδδȻӹɵǿ
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Сܺʹ￹⣬ĵ̱ͼ죬ӵеսŻǿ
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ĴٵĺעҲܿȥ
򵥶ԣɴٴĶ٣ȷжһսǿһ׼
Ψһı׼
졢ࡢӳЩСǻӡ
ѰﾳɫѴӼԪгѣ̤ϵĵ;Ժʱﲻһ
ʶҲע޷úı׼ȥѰĵ;
֪Ԫ֮Ļĺǡ̫ס̫Ҳֻܸźͽá١
ʹߡӦɽӥܽ
̫ӡԡ̫ס֣֮˱ͬôٵ
ڴٵԴĿǰԣѰҲֻƶϳ˽ټԴ档
ҲΪη֮ٿաЩǰԭڡ
ͬѰ֮жϣֻܱ̫׸źãԭڣӦɽӥ˵ǱĻֵġ̫סܾǰͱ棡
ҲΪΡ̫סԵǰصԭ
£ҲֻЩĽɫл̫̽סݣ
ڸ컯֮ܵڡ̫סǺͼԪ֮޹أɡ̫
һ㣬Ѱ̫ʯ̻һ˿̫ѹʱѾƶϳ

ɽǰߴ·һʱ䣬Զһҵս֮
ʱѰʶжܸӦԶһƬУһֵܵļл
һһŮͷڣһϮۣһλ㣬Ͷ㣬ãã纣Ͻɫ
ŮۣѩӨһɫŽȣÿλӶһɫķ籩ϯɢŰϢˡ
һһŮлĺӣӰ۾˫ָһɫ޽ӿݺᣬҲǿᡣ
ֻǣȴԲֹۣѹƵÿҪ̧ͷ
˲䣬ɽɫͱѿħܿԼ
ǣѵǰҲԸӣ
нϿɫһ
ǱһŮΧĺӣӡ
һŮֱħܿӣħԪһԾɣǴڡ
ٸ͡
ɽּ̧һսɱսӣ㣡
Ҳһϡ
нϿԥ߶Ҳ˹ȥ
Ѱ
϶İˣҲգȹһʱ䣬´ȡ
Զͷڡ۵ӼˣǷŮӶһۣнϿɱһʱˡ
ৣৣ
Ӱ˸ŲƳնȥû˿ˮȻʶʱ˿̣ûɱӵĿܡ
ħֱӣ
ɽȣɱӿ
ɽ磬׷ˡ
æסһԹŮҪߣɼ׷ǡ
ӡɽ硢ΪнϿν磬ܰﵽǣơ
ԶħĴЦ޼ɵ
겻ҲëԽԽˡ
нϿüü両һĨŭ֮ɫ


3101 Ŵ
ӣû˰ɣ
нϿĿ⿴ȥ
һϮۣӰ۾صеһԾ޽ЦҡͷûС
Ĭԣһˡ
뿪Ҹ֮ء
нϿĿһɨܣУŲٿֲϢȻǱղŵս
á
˶ͷ

һƵϿС
ѰнϿϯض
ǰϿȵ·ϣѰѴӸе֪ħܿӵ
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ܿӣħĵ¡
һԷ򸾣֮ԪжֹΪսɲǵӶݹ򣬿һ
Ȼսǿʢǵģѽɱ
ܾǰнϿɽӵˣͺħ򸾽һԹһֱ
ɽ磬ڻϸ˵һ˵ԭί
нϿĿ⿴ɽ
ɽĬƬ̣Ц֪̫ãֻû뵽Ÿյִĵһ죬ӾͱЩҶˡҲգȻ֪Ҳ㡣
˵ţȥ˵
ԪĵһʱҺϰĽӾһ˽Ҳʱǲŷ֣ǰЩоһˡ
ˣнϿһС
ԣħ֮ԪӦΪףħڵʮλڡ
ɽɫصУг𣬵ǽкܹԷֹһεĴ
ǰδֺǼл룬ÿһζӦǵжԣòǰߡ
˶٣˵ڵĴγֵУϰĽʱԷͻϮܵشڴˣֱʱƻδ׻ָȻûл
⣬нϿ͸ɫ
ЩУΪһˣһδθɽǴֱ̫
ʵ£żʡϾԽԽǴ֮棬Ķ٣Źؼá
ɽĺǣҲѺԪһЩϼһˣǵĿһεУռסһǰ
⣬ѰʵǺ˭ˣ
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컯֮桰Ԫӡġ١Ǿ㾳ǿĽѣɾŸԪ
ŸԪУԪ֮Ԫ֮Ԫȵȡ
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ĺǴӷ֮Ԫ߳
Ǵ֮Ԫ߳
ġʹߡӦɽӥҲԾŸԪ֮һĵ֮Ԫ
ƶϣѰ˲ʶ֮ǰħܿӣӦԾŸԪ֮һħ֮Ԫ
˼ѵ˵ǼԪУǿļԪŸ
Ѱ뵽⣬͵طһ£ŸԪڸ󣬲ûӴ컯֮У
ϸԪһڼԪгԪ㣬ܹ컯֮Ӵ
ǷζţԽǿļԪļԪ֮پԽ£Խ״ĳʧ
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գһεУ㻹ȥ͵ϮĺǣֱǲҪˡ
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һ͵ϮҺӡϰһ͵Ϯ
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ʡ
µľƺʡ
ǵĶ֣ħ֮ԪӦΪ׵һڳС
ͬʱҲз֮Ԫ֮ԪӪϹǡ
ȻȥǰʱֲеˣǱڵĶ֣
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ƵȷϾ˵ݽԺǿӦΪ׵ˣӦڣжʮˣ
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ۼѹѰЦλǰҿǴ򲻹ӱǡοԪ֮ٵʱ䣬а˰ңЩעֵԽԽࡣֻҪȷȻţԺʹлὫһһƽˡ
һԵúֹۡ
һֱĬӲѰһۣƺ˵ﾳСӻ̫ᣬ֮ء
ȴɽȴЦӣĪҪССѣ֮ǰǸ˵ˣСѿɲ򵥣ĳ֣ĺЩϼһȫһˡ
˵ţ٩٩̸ѴнϿ֪һһ֮ӡ
꣬ס
ã˵˲𣡡
ϧ𣬳ĬԵӶԣ˵ֵĿޣѾʵѵˡ
ȹǺǻϺ󣬲һȥŴءһΣ
нϿ˵
Ŵأ
شһ̳˭ܹռݡ̳һʱ䣬˭ܶǰΪӮҡ
ڡ̳ܣֲžء
ÿһأһΡıݣΨռһأлڵһʱȥռݡ̳
ʱÿһ汬ʱӪǿ߽Ի᲻һеȥһء
Ϊľܹлȥռݡ̳
Ŵ֮޵ߣȻͨͣҲûлȥռ̳
ҲˣǾŴҲΪѪȡпĵط֮һ
ǿûκλܴһأ£Ҳʱᱻߣǵطܲϵġ
ɽ̾
ηе棬Ļ᲻ŴǺεգ
ﶼҪΣգ
нϿƣֻȥսѣֲΪ̳
ս
ɽһ

нϿͷ
Ѱ⣬ҲԼнϿ뷨
ھŴء
ռһߣԿƿشصĹΪصˡ
ͬ޵ߵᡣ
ķʽܼ򵥡
ÿһ⣬ʯһԿšһԿšʤ
ʯޱ
ͼصˣֻ조ޱܷս
ռ֮ˣڴޱʮ֮Ӧս
ʮһӦսռ֮˾ͻʧȥعƿأ


3102 
ǰսߣѡԿ̡ޱҪֳսŽ
ѡʤޱֳֻʤɡ
ʱǰ֮ˣѡʤ
Ψб˴֮Żѡ
վֻ
Ϊ˻ΪǰҲһЩ˴ΪеĽɫѡʤ
ֵһǣ֮ӵżƣѡԼսͬս
ͬʱ֮յĹܹ֤һսͽʱصı͵Ϯ
ζţֻסһ֮ˣлȥ̳ض޷룬Ȼл̳
ս
ɽʵ
нϿĿ⿴ѰСһɿԵеɱսΨˣʵеͻƣСԣҲŻĿھŴϡСѶԣʵս֮ء
ԣĬӶ̲סˣƾ
֮
ٸܳڴˣ£̸֤
ɽҲɻѡ
нϿЦҵ˸λ˵ˡС컯֮Ԫ֤һѴӼԪгѣ̤һ޽еϵ;ٲܴٵӰ졣
ɽһҲ˵֤ѾЩϼһȫһˣ
ǡнϿͷ
һ̣Ӷ¶֮ɫ֮˵һĳˣ
ȻҲ˵һĴš
Сܹ֤
ӷǸӵкεȿֲս
Եúܼ
һ룬ﾳԲεѰһ֮ǣλڣ
ܻɱӳ޼սĺԲһߵĺݽɫ
һɱԽ両
ĺһҲס
£Ѱ֤һ󾳽£սָɱ䵽εȲ˼ĵز
ʱЩϼһǣĸĶ֣
µǣѰ壬ʱһ˿¾ܱȵλĴڣ
⣬Ҳø뼤ԭڡ
Ҳʱ򣬸нϿͼ
ǵսȥЩӪԿ
ֻҪѰ֤ͻᷢı䣡
ϸɱ̫磬֮Ҫȱ֤С֤ɹҲζţǼǰŴأȱ֤СѲ
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Ȼ˵ͷ
λǰȻսǾѡһռء
ѰسĻ˳ҲԽһЩ֡
㡭ѵС
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λǰģҿɲģʱ±ɣһЩսʤĽɫĿȥƴ
ѰЦ
нϿŰһ
֮ǰ˵ֻҪţԺеǻᱨԣϲ
нϿ
ǷĵĹػں
ѰȻܸܵһůǰıǡ
أԶһƿͼԡ˴סѩҶ˵ӰǶ
˰ȻнϿ˿𣬵˵ˣͳ

Ŵأơ
ֱǣһԪǡšСϡǡԡŹ
ÿһ֮أǲǿ֮߱ء
ء
һƾ޴Ǳڣɽǧɸߡ
ͨɫ֭ҺɣԼ᲻ɴݵΡ֮С
һƬɬĹһبصĹĻС
ǻɬĹһϣĹγɣͨŴأλλõġ̳ӻС
ŴأͨһϵľŻ
ҲζţҪȥռֻ̳ȥһҪ
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˴ν޵߹жٰʮһˡ
ʱѰԶԶؿʱͷظѾ˲Ӱ
ԼĪʮˡ
ǽУˣ˾ˣŮٽУϢԿֲ졣
ǴڣҲСС
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ȻҲܺ⡣
ϾЩԲͬļԪĿڶ࣬ʵÿһԪУҲֻôһС˶ѡ
Ѱһ˵ִظУҲǲһɧ˶¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ԫɽӣû뵽ǾҲ±ӦǶϡ

нϿҲˣǰĴڴʱ֮Ŀĺ̵ˣѵʲôʷˣ
ӷɫ
ڳЩϼһ˲֪£ֻнϿǳ֣
ףȻһﾳˣ
ѰϵϢڳ˶¶֮ɫ
磬ﾳѿϾͷһԪ
磬˵ﾳˣѰСڣҲġ
£Ѱһﾳڳ֣벻Ŀѡ
Ǹоͺ񿴵һֻϴ뵽̾У˶ˡ
ܿ죬Ѱͱˡ
սʱܵĴһû˰Уʵӡ
ɽѣ뿪ĪҪڴ˶ѱӦռݣǷˣǳԸǲɡ
ûִǰһλ߳ѣɽǡ
ڳ˿ѰǵĿ⣬ɫ
磬Ӧ˺ɽ֮ĶԹ֪顣
ڣɽȴڴˣβ˸棿
лѣαרΪӦЩϻ˶
ɽȻڡ
һ仰ڳһȻЩϹǶʲôɽǴƹˤӦǾһ
֪
أԶΡǧɸߵϣֳһȺӰһӳգƿɲ
ڵģҲħ
˫ֱǰϷʵ⣬ԶѰˣ϶һﾳСһǡòͷ˰
ħԱ˶ЦᡢмɱơΪȻ
ûзŭǰϽھȥǣ
һòڣѪɫհĽӴȣף¡¡쳹ؼ䡣
ֹǺȫѰǡ
Щϻ˸òΪΪأͲɱȥǽ˰ɣ
һɫ𪣬˹ڵ
ΣҴһЩѣȥɱǣҲɱӺɽ𻢣ʡýʱ˲ǰսء
ⷬ⸽зֲЩϹɫһЩѿ
ĻӵĻɽˣʵҲôвЩˣ


3103 
ǳеϹǻڴˣȻҲΪ˳׼ء
ɺȻӦ˵̫ʢõֱʱҲû˸ȥ֡
˿̣䱻вҲֻš
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Ȳ֮賶㵹Ǵɱ
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ӣǹȲ֮
òڡ֮ǰѰǹߵĽӣŢ
ɽߵɫһɱӿ
϶ϴϰǼһΪᷢϣն㣡
Ȳ֮˵ʱҪأȴסˡ
Щ°ܽ
ڵģһߣɷǣüĿ䣬շһλ֮ϵ
ɵڣ۹Ȳ֮Ţ԰
⣬ЩֲܵϹȻѡ
ɷǵߣӦ
һħ֮Ԫ߳ϴ棬һɹߴδٵĿֲڡ
֮ԪУӦҲ֪ĶڣϹﶼɵ֡
Ӧжǿ
ѰѯʹнϿнϿĻشֻһ仰һһ£͸ȲεĽɫܺͶԷһܵģǡ
֪нϿѿǴеľ뢣ܹĺϼһﲢ
ȴ˵ӦսĻע䣡
֪Ӧĵкεȿֲ
ǣ˰죬ȴҳսöˣ
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ùȲ֮ŢɫЩѿˡ
ɽ϶ͣҲѡȲ֮ȣ֤úѿ
У͸ŨŨɱ
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УЩϹǶ¶֮ɫ
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һﾳˣȴԲѵҪȥ͹Ȳ֮
ϣҲһ궯ЩϹɫŹ֣㶼Ŷ䡣
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ҲпѣĻ֪ηĽɫ
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Сѣˡɽѡ
нϿҲĿ⿴Ѱ΢΢ҡͷʾż
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οҲѰȥðա
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ĥһԼĵУȥɡ
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ΡĴ࣬ɸߵʯ
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ұʯԿ̡ʤ֡
ʯϢɬ˹УϵּȻγɣǱʯȻûһ˿ۼ
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Ѱ֪֮ǰʹнϿϹŶҲûܹ˵һȷĴ𰸡
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Уͨ죬ǻޱߵϹŶйƲͲ̽ɶһ
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Ȳ֮ҷһ
ѰڱңңϵĹȲ֮
˻һͼž
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нϿ֮⣬ΪѰ޴֪η
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3104 
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3105 
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ϣһֱ򶨵ӦɫҲڴ˿з𲻿Ƶľŭ֮⡣
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3106 Ϊ ı
Ȳ֮սҲͺӳ޼൱֮ԿòһʱԽɱȴܵ˵ĳҸˡ
Ѱа
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⻰еζ˲
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3107  Ϊ
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׺֮ϣ籩֮УѰʩչľ𡢻壬һٴĪĴѳ

ȣ䱾뷢⣬ָأҲ׺׵磬ԳԵޱߵơ
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ټʱ׺ɲǼķѵļ
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ΨħһЦƴΣͽͶ
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⣬ҲǺħɱﵡһ׺䣬棡
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ǵܣԶսǽԾһ亹
ȴԭҪƾֶѰʱУһȫҲԵò
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ħǿᣬҲһֵ쾡¡
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֮ǰһĶŵĶˡ
ʱһ߳Ԫĸħ
ৣ
۹ĵɫʻӶɲǼ䣬ճһƬ֮󣬻ҝУµ
˵ĸоǻѹ¾̷
Ϊ̣


3108 նħ
һĺĽɫעǼ֮
֮ǰѰҲֻƿΧȻħܷɣǽֻС˶ѡ
֮𺳣ؼڶû뵽Ѱ塣
ߴ˿̺ŭ֣ԥضɱﵣǶʶһսֳʱ̼٣
䣡
ѰУ֮֮У¶ƥâ
һҪʱ׺ֲ
ȴѰԨ͵һ
䱾ϣȻŹ޾ӿ֣֮Ϣس֣ǧɷΧѪڡ
¡
̷Ϣûû˵Ѱֺ
ţŷ֮ɢֱҪɵأĻʱݣ֮žû
Ѱ壬
ЩϹǲ㲻Լ۾
Ǻħɱﵣȴ׾ٵɵ丵βʣ
̫ⷴ˶Щµĸо
Ԩ񷣡ҹʲôˣ
һɲħɫױˣʧг
ҹʣ
һţϹﶼ¶ɫܾǰλ죬ΰĴ
Уҹִˡʱ⣬ڶԪ²ĥ񻰴˵
йҹʵһУȴŰ˽ֵ
ʱĺħԣҪԶѰ֮˽ҹʡ
˵ʱ֮ϣҹһԶòԽĴɽ
ǽ֮ˣϻࡣ
Ѱҡҡͷһǰɱȥ
֮ǰսУЩɺħƿصʱֲޱߣȴԼ
ԭڣԼյʱ׾ٵػԷܡ
Ѱʶʱ֮ϣԼյĹԶħǰۺǿ
ԼյʱܣȴҪԶʤԷһЩ
ͬһһƷ೬ĿһѰͭɣʵ֮
ѰΪĥ֮ǰֱӶ츳ͨ׾ٵػԷĹ
ȻҲܻսиۡ
ʱٿħҹʱǳԾʧ̬ɫѰѾʶʱ֮ϣȻǿħҲעҹʵĶ֣
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սϣͼħʱ֣֮㲻˼ĩջƻ衢в׺лпתС
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ƾħΰԵֲԱһһ⣬Եò˼֮
Ȼǿʱ֣֮ҲԨӲס
츳ͨԵʡ
нϿɽǵһԭѹֵľҲǱܡ
Ӧǵɫһȥüľŭ֮ԽԽء
ৣ
أսеѰʩչ֮СͨԨڵĵУ͵ն
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ħŭһ˿ײļɵ
Ļ᲻ͨܣ
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ˣҹʣƿźεȸԶʱ֮
ৣৣৣ
ȺħӾɺͷŭзӦѰѲ֮еɱһʱ䣬սеǰããƥâݺύն˺ѳ϶
ѰΪս󣬶ԺħΧǣơõ޷ܣֻѰ𿹺⡣
¡¡
춯صײ쳹ħƴһеسÿ֮еӲһΣϵϢͻ˥һЩ
Ȼÿһζ˥΢΢ɵۻʱȴ
һĻĻԱڳ˿۵ףĽԷѡ
ǿˣħԼóʱ֮ϣѰ츳ͨƣ
սϲڴ˿̵սԵǰǱͲ
Ƭ̡
ħһϢһɣ
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ĵУѱ֮ǰ۷ʱ˥ĳɣ
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ο˥ĳɣ
һֱڹսЩϹëȻ֮Уһԣбһն䣬Ǻεȿֲ飿
û뵽ҹϵȴѰϳˡ
Ҳ
ϣӦǵɫѲأͽ
˭µĺħΣڵϦ
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սУһײ쳹Լ䣬ð֮һš
󣬺ħһӿֳŨŨĲʣɳƣ϶ǡܸ㡭
ƮӰٿƿήʧȥĴ㣬֦Ҷ㣬ɳɻңƮһա
һĻȫһ󾪺
ħ㱻ˣ
ӦӪһĶԶǹȲ֮ŢЩϼһɱȡ
ȻڸԪУҲպա
ȻȴڽյսУԼóʱ֮ϣ
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Ŀ⿴սѰӰʱǵĿⶼһ˿ɵ֮ɫ
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ҲǴ˿̣ڸţĺѰС
нϿǶЦŶֱ亹͸ǱղǼս̼ġ
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һɬĹѰӰŲƳս֮ʧ
ѰӰովȣϣӦɫؿڣλһȥѰⲣ
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ͼӦҲ̡ŢһϹһŲգѰɱȥ
һӣнϿЦ̣ͫ
ɣȲ֮ͺħѴ̼ӦħͷŭضˣҪڴ˿ɱѰ
ߡ
һʱ䣬нϿǾͳȥҪѰͳԶŲӶݶȥ
лʷ̫죬úЩֲϹҲ⣬ɫ䡣
˭뵽Ӧħͷ˵־Ͷ֣


3109 Ϊ
ӦӪжʮλ
ȻȲ֮ͺħɱӦҲʮˡ
˿һ֪ǵһĻεȿ¡
ѰҲû뵽ԷͺضҪֱӾˡ
ӦʱӦɱ
ԥѰһʱתӡ
ΧҲð
򣡡
ӦһӣһںɫͭӺնȥ
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˲Ϣͱ򱬡
нϿʱὣգһٻǺɫͬʱǿɲĽҲնԶɱѰһϹ
ͬһʱ䣬롢ɽһǰнϿǳ
ûѰԶȥ
һжڵʯ֮䣬쵽˼顣
¡
нϿ˳֣Ӧ裬ܵнϿҲѪӰġ
ΨһҵǣѰѾӾߡ
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ƫƫأڴʱһȣλһռأ
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ӦȻŭɻǵϣΧнϿ˷ء
нϿǶʱ˿ǲδʹ뿪
֮ǰ֣нϿǿɲźѡ
ȴӰڰ;˷ȥ
ҪأĿΪ˰нϿǻΣա
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ԭͻȻѣȻɱѰҲнϿ˸صĴۡ
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˿̣ȻɿԱƿأֻǣҪȥԸѰнϿˣǲˡ
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ҵֻǿ߰ˣһһʤҵȻûвֵĿܡӦħȴҪԸһﾳˣδ̫޳ˣѵǴ
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ʱǾͿԺ˴ϵ޵߽棬ȥռǰ
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أӦԱߣһӿڣһϮīۣհݣ𺣬һԾ޴ͭϢ侫׺ᡣ
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һƬããɽУѾʮ֮ңԶ
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нϿǻּ䣬ͰѰһؽܣнϿǽڸС
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֮ǰ͹Ȳ֮һսǲδˡ
ںͺħһսУȴ˼̸࣬ҲӰ쵽սķӡ
Ҫǣޱȵɱսһѱ;ƿݵıԵ

ѰܿС
ʱƣйѰǰ½ɱȲ֮ħϢҲǲֶߣطɢȥ
һʱ䣬ֲе޵ǣԱһȻ󲨡


3110 
ﾳɱ˹Ȳ֮ͺħ
أϵǷ֮ԪΪ׵Ƕȷ壬һɹߴδٵĿֲڡ
֪йѰǰսȷһѩ׵üëʱҲʵһ¡
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أ֮ԪӪǺɱڡ
һ棬̵֮ûȴнϿѰһˡ
ٽѰǿֲսǺʶǼʲôʣһԵڲμ档

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ŰɣУһӷɽӪѰȻǿҲسʸ֮ģ
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Ԫ֮ٻа˰꣬ǰÿʮ굮һҲʮνĻᡣ
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нϿûصѰһۡ
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·ϣнϿвֱӴߡ
Ҫǰߣܼ򵥡
Ĵ飬˺ѿһͨĿռŻӶӳ硣
ֵһǣɻֱɱĿܡ
ϾΧһߣ˺ѿһ֮·Ҳûлӳȥ
Ѿȫˡ
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нϿ
̸ʱԶԶѾܹΡߴˡ
ף
нϿǾˡ
λ쿴ǱǷ紫Ѱǰڴ˵ɱ˺ħǵսԿһ
ѰȻﾳΪ
ǰһظֲŲϹӰѰǵӰճԶͱǵһʱ䲶׽һʱҲڳһ궯
ĿⶼǲԼͬؿѰ
нϿЩϻ˾ִѰСˣ
ͬʱϣɫһҧڡ
ӦŢҲ̵Ҳüвӿһ
ǶûȥҶԷ𣬶Էˣ
ѵԷЧµ֮٣ǽս
ˣǼֱɥĲ


3111 ɽ
ǰѰǰնȲ֮ħ
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ĽգѰٴκнϿһ֮ǰ벻䶯ѡ
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3114 ս
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һĻĻֲ̫ԶսĴǶ巢
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3116 Ѱƾ
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ͬʱԶսҲëȻ
Ҳ벻ף˴Ѱȴһ֮˳أۿҲ˶š
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ֹǣǸ۵нϿˡԼҲⲻ˼һĻ
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һˣһϴ棬һ䲻еĻԻʹ˵


3117 Ѱ֮
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ƺأģҲҺǱɴ˿̵Цȴǰĳ죬Ҳǰʹ죡


3118 ѹȫ
ΨнϿѰѴǼԪгѣ̤һϵ;ٲܴ
ҲΨ֪˴ǰأΪѰĥΪ֤׼
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䵱ѰĿ⿴ʱЩ˲֪µϼһжһ֮ӡ
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Ƕԣ֮ǰһĻĻֱһجΡ
ɺͻȻܲҰܣԪ㱻򱬣ûĳأֱӱѰɱ
Ȿ⧲ѰƽˮӪΧƣнϿˮ֮Уڽսһ֮ɱλ
һУӦ⵽ǰδе𺳳
ֱʱв˶ʰѹ
ѰĿ⿴Ӧˣ巢һڡ
ܿ죬ѰջĿ⣬нϿǡ
һӣĿֵλǰ֮ǰˡ
нϿǼޱȣԶЦ
ƣʱˣСӻǿ
нϿΡ
˶Ц
ѰҲЦˣĿ⿴֮ǰҪлλǰԺõҵĵطܷԸҶϲκƴǡ
ӰߴɽЦʦҶ˽дҵԹۣȻ˼ˣҲ뿪ˡ
һ˵ͷ
Ѱǿԣϣ´Уܹλǰһ𲢼ս
´Σһ
ҸƾҪһʱ䣬ҴڱнϿǰ뿪硣
Ѱ̹Ȼ
ԶЩսߺӦ˽¶ɫ
ӡҪߣ
Ƿζţ֤ƾȴ⣬ڶж
뵽⣬ӦǶһۣ˼
ͬʱ塢нϿɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲʶЩԾûѯʡ
Ѱȴƻ벻⣬ЦλǰģĵӣҲϲڴ˿̶֡򡭡
зһĨɫעǡ
һӦɫ粻Ѱвѿľ
Сѣھ뿪ɡ
ѰλǰѵЩҷɽҲ뿪ɺã
һۣнԸдѡ
ǿû뵽Ѱȫѵʱ򣬻ڿǵĴ
ǾСѵıǡ

Ҳ˵ͷ
ѰʱЦǾԼһ
á
˶Ӧ
ԹԽ̸ȻûбܿԶЩսߺӦˣԵô
ԽԽȻû˸Ҷ
´ĳʱϣܼǡ
Ѱ΢΢̧ͷԶϵӦˣȻɻζȴ˲
ʱӦǽһ


3119 ʮ 
ܿ죬һĿע֮£ѰнϿ뿪硣
ʼգûȥӡ
ظ֮С
ӦнԳص¡
޷Ѱǰв
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йѰ֤¾ȺеϢɢһȻ󲨡
ʤսɱ֤
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ԪУȷ˼顣
ɺȻѰǶһ
֮˵һ֣߸һ֪ҵȵ궼͹˷֮Ļ
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һﾳɫܻɱħȴڣڲе漣һ֤
ɣĵ߸һ֪
ɺҰܣرɱˮӪУλһУȴѰһΪսָǿ󵽺εȵزˣ
¾ǽˮӦ֮ľͷҲѲǴӶˡ
˵֤Ƴ⣬ʶŻһʱ뿪磬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
һٿʱ֪ˡ

֮磬ʵɽ
ಣ
Ѱһ˵Ӱ
θԪ̵̡޵Լȷ紫ȫһʱǰӭӡ
֣˺£ǰˣ
ףܵصˣ
ѰнϿ͸ʱ˶¶ɫ
С֣ûˣʲô
нϿЦҡͷѰȥޣʱҺϸҽ͡
Ѱ˵ͷ
ԭһɻҪʣɼ˻סЦſڣѰȥչؾޡ
ֱѰӰʧǵĿⶼǿнϿˡ
нϿҲûеһһ˵ˡ
ܿ죬оͺ䶯
Ѱ֤
θԪ̵̡޵Ƕ𺳵
֤֮Ѿڵһδе漣
Щ紫Ҳϲѣ˴˶ӣܿԷĿеļϲɫ

ǷɽһڴУƵǶһ޶
нϿҲܸˡ
Ȼһ뵽֮ǰǰһĻĻĳȣѡ
ֻǣûиˣ֮ǰأͬҲΪѰ
ѰϾʲôõҪһʱ䣿
нϿҲ֪
ܹģǵȴ

С
һϥ£ѰϵϢȻ˲䣬һӴ䵽ﾳԲΡ
ɫɷ͸ǶʳѪա
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ԺУʱʤսƾ龰
ʱһǻŭȼУֻһͷʱڻɺ硣
ܵޱŭĴ̼Ҳ֮ǰɱսУǱܳ׵õͷš
ҲʱѰеǿޱȵ֤
ȻʱѸأӦ֤󣬺ԥȥԳ
գɹһϣõһʵֱʵͻƺɱ䣬ҲʱѰһ⡪
Լľܲȶ
ȱһָ֧ţʱеԭΡ
ɵʱľƣѰѹ˲Щ
ֱɺ硢ɱءˮһ˺Ѱŷ֣ԼľѽﾳĻٶ
ߺͣȻΪ֤ʱȱҪ⣬ҲѰҡ
Ѱ˼С
˿̵ޱ侲Ҳܹʱսĸ־ϸڡ
ʱҺɺɱʱһͷԳһսУҲʱһ΢ı仯
ãѰһˣ壡
ʱ壬һ¯һյһһ컯򡢹ʱȵȡ
ǰѰû顣
컯ʱȹ򣬽Կ֮ǿƥбںϵĿܡ
ɵʱһУȴ֤ܹЩϴںϵģ
ںϣӴʹʵȫµı仯
˿ǰЩ֮һֱƾǾͺʹںΪһйء
ѰԼ׹
ȱȻƲԲҲȻʵͻơ
Լһֱ֤սĥϣҲûдϾҲںɺɱսУԼһ㡣
ϧǣʱľ̫źأݲиʱȥһĴʵںϡ
ǿƾ֮󣬾һ׶ˡ
ãǿֲģǴǰ㣬һȱݣѶ䱾Դܡ
Ѱ
ѾҵڣҲ֪ȥ
ʣµģ޷Ǿǻʱȥ⡣

һѰֱһָ󣬱㿪ʼ崸
ЩյĴʵֻЩ֮
ÿһͬһĹڡ
ЩԹڵ˵㱾ԴУҲһλյĹ֮
Щʮϰ֮ࡣ
ңûĸǲɱӳ޼ɡԽĺЩںѰûȥǵ㱾Դ
һΣѰһЩȫ뵽嵱Уʵġһ
ʱţҴҶʱȥ
졣
֮ϵġϼ⣬춯صĺ
ţֲӰӴС
һĻʵɽϵнϿ˾۵ס
֪δĻˡ
ֻҲ²͸ջʤĸӵǰ
Ҳ֪һλʱٳ֡
нϿૡ
飬ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
ЦҿҲڴһκСһɱС
нϿ룬ʵЩСһֱڱչأ
֪ڵʲôİɣСĵкֶΣӦ㹻İȥֵ⡣οٵģЩϼһɶٰﲻʲôæˡ
нϿ˵ͷЦ뿪ʱɽ˵´ϰĽټλѣӵе㹻ȥռһˣ
ͬҲڴš
ʱһһȥ
ʵɽһ֮ҲûκβʱƽķΧдҴš
Ѱչصĵʮꡣ
С
ˡ
һֱݼŴѰϣӿֳһȻƥƳϫһԲɶ
һĵУҲ֮˼ı仯һһ·ҡֱϣڽգۼ䣬ʹﾳƾϡ
ʮꡣ
Ѱ֮


3120 ռԲĴ˵
УѰ۾˶һֳȻʡ
¸ڼԪ֮ϵķɡ
ϣ
ԭġ
Ѱȫµı仯ҲһĨ֮ɫ
ʮ׽һյĹУΪһ֡
壬Ҳ֮ʵɱ䣡
һΪԭʼ֮һֿκ֮Ľ
ζɱƷԡƼɵ֮䡣
ˣ̸϶ɡ
ؼǣ壬ԶԹܣ
۲ȱֻҪܣܲ˼ɱ䡣
ͬģҲԶκСϢܺ
֮
Ľ֮
ɱ䣬ҲѰһĵˮɰ㣬˳
ңٲ֮ǰǰȱݡ
ʮĿݼѰۺޱȵ֮ǿ֤ʱǿһأ
һĹ֮Ϊ¯ٲֱ˴ˡ
ֻҪԸ⣬һʩչİغܣ
ңڣԪ˾;ռҲһд֮
Ѱʶһ⡣
˾٣ĹؼǵԽԽǿʱŻ˽١
ִ֮٣ⲢζţЩھ޷ʵ
֮Ƿȥɴ٣ӰΪ
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ȥɴ٣Ҳȫǻ£ڶɽҲսõһĴ
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ЩѰҲףΪξСսǰˡ
ҲΪͬΪֻɹĴδٵӳ޼ɣսܱȲԽɹδٵϼһﶼǿ
ףɽٴԽ࣬ȷ֤ս㹻ǿȴΨһı׼
ڵĵУӦǴ˾ĳڽ׶Ρ
Ѱ
ȻԼĵ;ͬ˲һ
;ҲζŻҪżռ䣬˾ڡڡڴԲز
Ѱܻɴ˾ǷġԲ
Ͼ;ռ֮һд֮
˾Բزζţ㣿
Ѱûκ˾Բزģ
˾ռء
˼ʱѰѳ߳˶

ʮȥʵɽɡ
֪ѰصϢнϿһʱ͸صȷ紫Ҳ½ִ
ס
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һѹѰɢȻȴнϿ͵һƲסѹ֮С
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ɺܿ죬εѹʧƸֹ
ٿѰȻף޳޹˿ƣɽɣȻΡ
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нϿ̲סʡ
ѰЦŵͷԭûд󰭡
ʱߵĸθҲˣѰʮչг׽
ҲЦ䲻ѰϷʲôɺȻް
ߣԾȥ
нϿһӣ
죬ʵɽ
ڱչصķɽʦʦҲѶѰѾԻ̸£۴ա
̸УҲѰ˽⵽˸λʦʦ״֪ЩǵĵлٶоҲϲѡ
̫ԼšαվʦǣЩҲͻͽͻ
Ѱ̤ʵ
ǰ̤޵ߣԲزģ
ѰźȾƽ̸ĻᣬнϿ̡
νҲԪУҲд˾ϾͷԲ֮·һ⣬δִܵ
нϿһƣпռ֮ռֻǣܹ˾ԲġȴûС
ûУѰ

ԱߵĸڴУڴ˾Բߣֻܰ쵽
˭Ѱһ¶֮ɫ
һȻǱԪ֮Ļֵġ̫ס

Ѱ΢У˵ͷ
ȷ̫ܹôܹ̫֮Ĵ֮һġ컯֮桱һĴ԰쵽
һǴԪ߳ϴ棬Դ˽ԡʡ֮
λװĴһ֮ѹŸԪ;̤һǰδеϵ;
˵ʦɽֻǣɽںܾǰͲˣȻһЩڣŹɽ֮
˵⣬ѰԺ鲻ԽظֳһӰ񣬱ŽԪ֮ϣһֿ컯ǣ
һٿ֮ϫ
ˣһλصĽ͡
˵⣬ü両һĨ֮ɫ˽֮ϵĿ뢣â֮ʤ޿ƥСңڣ֮
û֪˵һѹ죬һ֮Ԫ֮ϣ˳Խ
һλ֮ϵΨһףԽ֮Խʳ֮Ҳ˸ҫƥͷΡ
ڵϵ;ȴԳơ͡
˵⣬벻һп͸ž㽡
Ѱסˡ
ߣƯ֮ˡ
֮⣬Ưڽ֮ϵһˡ
һλѹ죬ݶԪ֮ϵĽ뢣ȴԳơ͡һݹ¶Ȼľ
ãͣ
ʱѰһˡ
ĥʯһԿ̡񡱣һԿ̡桱
ʵڽֻأ߼ԪС
п޶֣վ̫į
棬ѡֻأ¿ʼҪ辶ߵ;
ԭڣҲٴͻƺͳѵ·ˡ
һĥʯ񶼻ѰЯϡ
ֻǣǰеλ͡
Ѱҿ϶
˵ԲزôжȻ̫סԼλͣҲֻӵȵ̺ܡ
ܽ
ûˣѰʡ
У϶֮
ǰдţڱ̤ԲزΪֻŴšһһĵ򡣡
нϿĻԽ࣬ϣռ֮ʵϵͻƺͳѣ
˵⣬Цʼ磬ȻֻǴš


3121 
ڻ飬ѰӦɽӥ˵֪һֻеһ컯
Ҳֻеִ棬Ŀռˡ
Ѱૡ
ֱϯѰ㷵ض޴
µ֤ڳڽ׶ΣϵҪ繮̵УǺԪ
Ҫǣȫµľζȫµս뾡Ϥƿأ˲սͷųȫܡ
Ҵʮȥ
һ죬֮䣬ֶ
ˡ
нϿ߳Ŀڴ
ԶӰҲ߳
һΣǴֻѰһǰ硣
ڹԡ˴סѩҶˣθһʵɽ
֮˸ı䣬ΪһεУǽµĳ̫ࡣ
֮Ԫͷ֮ԪӪħ֮ԪӪԼЩӷɽĵˡ
£ٴŹλСһǰͲˡ
Сѣ׼׵
нϿע⵽ѰӰԶ
ѰЦŵ˵ͷ
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нϿȲͺ͸롢Ѱһڿն𣬳֮еĴȥ
ʵɽϣԪ̵̺޵ǣԼɽһڴ˽ĬĬעӣΪС
֮ϡ
һԪĿֲӰʼ֣꣬飬ѤöĿ
ǾѰϴ磬֤ɱ˲ٴڡ
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һηе飬ɺ䶯ޱȣõѰҲһӱпֲڼס
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ͬʱѰҲע⵽Ӧˡˡȵȡ
ѰĿ⿴ȥЩнԺеɱ
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һεȽ磬ԻЩһһԹ
ܿ죬ѰͿɽˣߣһīӺһ뷢ʲݣҷߡ
ǰī󣬺Ľš
ҲнϿеġϰ󡱺͡Ľ
˿֮꣬Ǳ˴ңңͷʾ⣬δ̸ཻ
Ѱּ壬˴˼棬ԺЦʾ⡣
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ʱֻʮǣ޵ߣԲҵʱ䡣
ֱʮ
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Ц˵
ǶѰǴ˴εжڴ

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˵һͯպ׷ձߵߣǶнϿ˵ĿȴѰü両һĨɫ
Сѣǹǧһɹߴδٵϼһ
нϿЦǺǿڣϹܣͷİɣˣֻΪˣǾߡ
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нϿЦЦûٶ˵
͹ǧԩ޳Ȼڴ˿̶֡
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ô˵ʱУгɱ
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нϿҲЦ⡣
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нϿüͷһ壬㻳Ƿĳ⣿
пܡ

ڴʱϵĹǧȻڣнϿϷյõѴѶ˵ھزԶдսɽˣӦӪΧ̸ϹȥܸϾ
нϿɫ΢䣬һǧﹰֵϹܣлˡ
˵գѰһʱ̣Ҵҳظȥ
ߣҲȥ
ҲãҿҲܺ棬Ѱǿ˺εȵز
УϹﶼ뿪ǰء
һʱ䣬ǰֲ޵Ӱһɱ˴롣
һп۵ףǧﲻЦа˵ҵøлнϿŶԣǣĻǰЩֱߴ룿
ǧ︽Ҳɲ١
νһá
нϿǷ¶飬ֻǰľƣ

Ӻ
ѰԶԶؿء
˹ؿһƬ嫵֮ϣһ޴Ưеĵ㡣
˿̣֮ϣһսݡ
¡
ӿſն𣬸ײͨбƬһƬҡ
һɽӡīĽˡ
ˣ˾Ҳڣɽһ𲢼ս
һӦʮλħ֮ԪӪĿֲڣԼ߰λϹ
սޱȲҡ
ɽȫ뱻Χ֮УÿѸա
һĻнϿɫһ
Ǹսĵһ죬ɽǾͱΧȫ
ɴҲԿһе֮Щı׼
ӦǺӦѾһ
ãҵĲ̫ɾҪ֮ʢˡ
ѰǸյִʱأһ羪װɵĴЦ쳹֮䡣
󣬾ͼһȺֲӰӦһ𣬳ɽɱȥ
ˣ
ѰнϿǵɫѳ


3122 Χ
нϿϳǸռսһȺֲӰͬһӪ
Ϊ׵֮Ԫġʥʡ
һŷԪʷϾͷ
ѧˣ컯Ϊ֮Ԫ֮һ
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ʱʥһڿֲڣɱսìͷֱָɽˡ
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Ѱɫ
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ΪѰϿڡ
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Сѵİ취ǵģֻҪռأСѽɽǾȳͿصֵˡʱȻٶ࣬ҪԸǣҲдޱսһһɱŶǡ
УͷӦ
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3125 
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3126 ɱ
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ЩǸеصǣûɱѰԺ󡭡עܵѰı
ϾԲͬӪܹҲֻʱģ̳ʱ֣Ǳ˴֮Ϊ֡
ͽк
ʱһơ
ԶսҲ侲ܵаԾһأֽʤʱҲЧѰ㣬Ȳֻܣĸʱʱ䡣
һ־һгսüʱʱ䣡
ȻǰǱѰʤС
һжǿ̸
ڳ˶ԣʱƱޱ˱м尾
ֱʱʱҪʱأеѰ۾Ŀ⿴˱ĻԪ
Ȼľͳޱȣѱޱ侲ѰĿ⣬ʱԤе˲


3130 
һʹԪвһƺߡ
ҪŲסʱʤսĹӿˣǱıԵء
ˡ
תԪڳ⣬һЩһʱо
ܣҡҵĴ˴룡
ŭĴС
˶
ش޸ϣ¶ҪķѲ֪ºѪ
ѰӰѾϣԶʹģЦ˵ķڷԼĴشܳӣ
գϷһ㣡
۾죬˻С
ԣشѸûлȥǰˡ
ȴգѡսһǡ
ѰЦǺ˵
ҪˣҪ˵ʲôͱס
ʱ˿̣˵һЩкã
ߣ
Ӧһȥ
֮ǰǶѴעҪ룬֮ԵȺڣ޷ǵĻ䵥ĻᱻѰûɱ
ܿ죬ˮʥҲ뿪
ʼգЩϹǽһԲ
ֱǵӰʧǰһӱÿտյ
ԶĹսǣʶȤûѡ񿿽
Ŀ֮ǰһսĻ᲻ףӽѰڴˣѺѱ
߰ɣûлˡ
һЩϹҡҡͷѡȥ
֮£ֽ䶯ˡ
ૡ
գӦˮʥΪ׵Ӫ֣۽ʮλϹǰһѰľɱ֡
Ѱ֣һж߸Ťת
Ѱʩչǧɱ֣ɽһ˾ȳ˳ռأ
ţʮ˳ʤȺ½ɡͼһϹ½ǳȴҰѰ֣֮
ǻĲҰܣһ߽ӪһϹĶ־òѡ룬޶ȥ
ѰԣʤʮսڽյǰһѪҫ۵漣
֤֮
Ѱˡ
ͬʤʤʮ˳
Ѱȴͬˣ
ûκһ֤ˣܹӵѰս
֪ϢûεȴĲ

Ȼڵ졣
ǰ飬쫷ɢõһǰδеУ
Ӵѳɣɱ֮ˡ
֮Ԫȷ֪Ϣһ̾
ϴεУڣΪ׵ӪûгȥԸѰ
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ǳ֣ȥʰѰ
ɶȷȴû뵽ӦӪϹһȴǰ飡
ϢԶȷǶԣһجġ
֪ˣõӦһֵġ
һλ֮ԪĴü
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֻǣվܲζ
죬Ҳ޵Уǿɲš
ȷ

ܣѵڴ˾ͷ֮ϣŮħͷˣ
֮ԪӪѹ֡
̸ϣҲ֮һ֮һˡ
˭뵽һڵļһǿ󣿡
˿Щ׽̵ǶѾɱˡ
۷׷ףΨ֮ԪǺһԲ
ڵ֪Ϣ󣬾Ĭһ粻
ãֱ˵ʱǺͳڣӿ϶ǵģһΣһΣǡɶǰ׼
һﾪˣ˽Ȼ

Ϣڼɢһ磬עƽ
ϣһ
Ⱦƣ
нϿϥ߸ԷŸ̳׷ɣɫ͸ɺϲá
뾡
ǿɶû뵽֮ɱٺǻȵռأõиǰð
˵ǿɶöлСѣԪĴУҺϰѲϣˣϾЩ˼Ҳһأлȥ̳
ɽЦڣСѣȴҵܹϳ̫ʹˣ
īĽǶЦĬԵӶ¶һĨЦ⡣
֮£أԻȲѡ
ǿҲû뵽Ÿսĵһ죬Щ˾˼ɴСڣƽɱ٣
нϿ꿪ڡ
ѰʱЩܲˡ
һϯӿʼڣЩϼһǾͶһͨͿ䣬Ѱǫһ¶С
СѣҾ㡣
һƸףۻ롣
ҲЦٱһƯѰ
ѰЦ֮
ʼգѰԹͷԺȡ
սãѰͽ֮зųܸɽһϹʶ
һϹﶼʶｫѰĺ֪ҲΪ顣
ֻǣԸ̫ˣֻѰһõЩϹҲʶȤû߶
ֱϯѰһ𣬵ӽ쿪ʼͰڴá
ӵеʵ൱ѰؾԲʱڵʵ
УֲΪ˹ܹһʱиӦͼȡ
һʱڽǷӡ
֪ӡڵҹʵȫУҹʼһλɹŴδٵĴڡ
Ƿӡսעʵͻͽͻƣ
š
˵ͷڱҪ
Ѱٸ⣬ǵһμҪ˳ԣ˯ûȤġ
ƳѰһۣƺ˼ҸӦ˸Ϊ˹ϢڵѴǰǴûй顣
Ѱʱ¶˼֮ɫ
ѵŴ֮أ˹ĵıԴڣ
ͼѾϥ̽һذ׽ྻ֣գһ峺ǳľӨ΢΢պϡ
ˡ
ܿ죬֮ϴһƾӨλƵ˿ߣ˫֮Уأһ԰˫ֶһƬ翵Ĺ֣һȦȦɬص
ޱȵľ
ʱƣƮµ˹ԽԽ࣬ѩããĹƵģǴԼӰȫûʥ顣
ѰȻǵһμĳɲһ𺳡
˹
εǿֲһλڣ֮ʮԪ֮ãҲֻһЩ˹Ƥë
ȴֱܹȥӦͼȡ˹֮ε죿
ԶнϿǵӰ֣Զǰ̽
˹һĻЩϹҲǣӿ˵𺳡
͵ʶ֮ǰƺȫ͹Ѱλޱȵĺ֪


3131 
ռž
һϹﶼĳ֮ɫ
ȻǱ鲼˹磬ȻǿǣҲû˹ż
ϸԣ֮УЩԪУҲû֮ܲ
ǲ롣
ȹ̫ɣо츳ҲԿš
ȴǰȻȻؼȡ˹֪ЩϹ𺳺ε֮
ãнϿǶĬĬתȥ
ʼգûпѯʡ
飬ͺá
Ѱһֱߣأһ
ĴУбԴ
򣬵ڹıԴ
컯򣬵컯֮ļԪС
˹ͬıԴУ
Ҫ֪Խ컯Ϊһ壬Ϊβȥ˹
ǰ޷Ӧ˹İأ츳Ϊ
ڣҲ츲صɱ䣬ǷѾȥӦ˹İأ
뵽⣬ѰһȻתĸӦ
ʱһһš
ѰһֱûжжЩʧ˹ѵ治˭ȥģ
Ѱʱ
ȴƺʲôɻƵĿߵѰһۡ
֮ǰܵԼǣ˹ЩƺҪƵġ
ĿܻģһʱͽЩܵ˹ǿмȡ
ʱƣϱǣµ˹ȴԽԽˣƺҪƿء
ʱԼϥѰʱжʱʲôʱǿмȡ˹
ͿһƮ˿߰㾣Ӱ͸˹ӿѰ
ԭˡ
ȻвЩǸȻ
֮ǰԼֻԼȴǿаռԭܹѰӦ˹ʵǡ̫Ӧ
֮ѰǿԲ˹ģȴΪ̫Щ˹Ϣȫռˡ
ʱƺΪֲĵССǸ⣬һӦ˹ȫѰǣȥ

ԭѰػһӿһƻɬĪĴأȻ΢ɲ죬ѰȴһӼ
⡭˴Ϣ
˭뵽ʱȴ·ת
ԭ˹ǿԱҲġ
Ѱǿ԰ĵļ֮ᡣ
ɺܿ죬ֻƱԴԴϵĴûõ˲Ϣ׹һƬƺƵС
˻ͳˮ˵Ϣ
Ѱ⧲֮С
Ӧ˹δҲ̫ۺ˰ɣֱһƬ֮
֮ǰʲôܲȴһӸӦô࣬Ѱһէƶէĸо
ɲ֪֮ԻˣȫΪڲ

ܿ죬ѰϢ񣬳ԵС
ˣһֽɰ֮
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䵮ʱ֮켣Ѿʼ
ڷУڸ֮ң׽ʳƶ֮أҪܼѡ
Щ֮켣㡣
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Уͬޡ
˵ĺû̫ܵӰ죬ϲеһһһһУܻΪ˵ת۵㡣
ɷ̤֮УһҲϲ֮У޷ѡ
Ƕԣ˿Ըı䣬ɼҪһy
е޵߶ԣߵĵ;ȻвͬĿֻһʵһδεɱ䣬Լ˽һδεĸı䣬Ӷٲϲ׳ڴ֮ϡ
߿ɳ
ླ߿ɲࡣ
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Щ֣֪УҲעȫͬ
ɾ޵ҲȥƿԼˡ
Ϊ֮·ϣɱڣʱ鲼ÿһ֮Уÿһξÿһͷÿһľٶ˲һӰ͸ı䡣
ڷӣ޵ȥı˵ķʽȥıȡҲ족
ֻǣдɹܹȥ֮ߣҲ޼
ֲ֮ŸԪ̤һڴܣɲ֮еģǲɵü
ɴˣҲԿ˵ε֮ɡ
ʱѰڸı˴İأ

ţ
أнϿвԶ
ϢأһͷӲӵһٻӰ
ٻӰһϮѣŮӨѩףˣȻ
ˡ
롢ɽҲ˹
ӰܿͣǰѰڵĵطɫ
ϽһƻõڽѰӰԡһУҲȥ
ѣǰһ𡣡
нϿֿڡ
һεУ֣һǣƻһϹ
Ķ顣
ȻнϿҲΪɵҲɱ˲գ۵ŮħͷռһأҲ׾ٵ顣
ǰ棬ںܶԪǰɰ쵽
Ҳ˵нϿǲΪصġ
ֻһɣǲҡ
˵ʱɶѰĵط
нϿǶһۣǻȻȻ˹Ůħͷˡ
ռž
ۼþòнϿҲʶȤûо

һ
Ѱĸ
٣
һʱ
ѰƬ̣ϳžСɣֻǣ˵ȴ顢תأʵ⡣
˵ĸ֮ζűʼգߵĽҲճ֮켣仯νˡ
תǣ˵ռ仯֮ˣתֻأ֮両仯
νˣϵļ˾ʹ˳ѣٲκ
ϧ˵ռأҹʵҲûĿƣŲòѡתޣԲҡ
⣬Ѱһ𣬡㶼Ѿ֪ˣ
ͷҵʼȻĨǰһмۼҺͬһ顯¿ʼˡ֮ʱѾʼ˽⵽йص顣
˵⣬γɣƺ̸ĲԼǰһصˡ
Ѱסǡ
ҡ
֪ѰҪ˵ʲôǰ˵ңһһУҲκӰ죬ֻǼ̳
ܽҲ˵ĸ塣
գѰظ
Ǹҹʣ


3132 
˰أѰв޶ٱ仯
ϾԴ˵Ҳֻǳžöѡ
һĲսȴ˵ѿﾳʱѰ
̬һֱȥѰò˶ãսܺԼȼ磡
Ⲣûпܡ
ϾزĥֻҪӡڵǰսʵͻͽĽ
̸ֽƬ̣Ѱ㳤
磬ɲʲô֮أѰΨһģǸṩһܴһء
ǰ
ѰҵнϿǣΣ
˵ʱĿѿԶ
Ѿȥһˡ
սĻظֻɢɢʮӰһֻڼԶǻҿ
û˸ս
нϿЦһսǴˣõеЩϼһǶóȻ
˵⣬һ£ʱԹʱתȥ
ѰһΪβǰأ
нϿˣܾˡѹҿǱ֮һĻ
Ѱ˵ͷҲһп
ѰʮԪ䷨ȴԼܹ˷ԣҲһСĴ
СѣǼڴˣд㣿
ɽʵ
ѰҲ֪һֱڴˣܹӵȥ̳Ļᡣʱǽ˸ص޵߽档
˭ռ̳˭͵ǰ
ʱҲա
ֹҪٰ˴ƴɱҪгûȥء
ʱÿ̳ĴսעֲٵѪ顣
λǰд㣿
Ѱʡ
нϿڣǾлĻϣܹϰĽ档Ȼ̳ǰʲô㣬Ҳİš
˶Ŀ⿴Ѱ
ѰҶλǰһ𣬽̳ռˡУҴȥطһߡ
нϿǶһۣ¶Ȼ˵ı顣
µʱǾ϶Ѱϲ׷ŹЩС
Ǻһ𡣡
վ°ﲻæҲܳһЩ
⵱ȻǫĻ
λսܺӦˮȾͷѰĴɱȣ
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нϿЦ˵ǰأǻһʱ䴫ѶǣȻʤƾЩϹͷֶΣſӵǷصʱ򡣡
ȻѰ룬ǶΪ鰲źˡ
ѰɲģЦһὫ£ĻӦǡ
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ȲεĽɫУҲֻһС˶ѡ
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ԣһʵĿأŸ˹Խ࣬õڷӡҲڲС
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ˣ
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ʱЩϹİ٣أԾ費ѣ˭ұ֤ⲻѰĻ֮ƣ
ֵѴѯ£
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ٿҲͬˡ
ɴ˿ɼһսѰǿսǶɵѡ
λȻԲͬӪǺĳгǸƬǻȻԩ޳λҲš
Ѱ΢΢֣ܣԵǫѷ񣬡ʵĳγУΪ˱𣬵ȴ֪ЩεأԴλ̡
ЩϹǴ̽еϢ
й¶ˣǵڵѰЩǣ
ۼѰǰȴǶֱӾܾˣһսļһǺɾˡ
֮ǰ뷢ѩ׵߿ˣֵѣ粢󣬰˵Ҫ˵ĻŴظ϶ҵ
ǵѾãϣһҵǣ
ѰЦʵԵǫѷˡ

һľͿ⡣
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תȥ
ˣ
ЩϼһﾪɣֱѰǵӰʧڸҿ϶Ѱˡ
ǶһۣԼͬضóѶرѰ뿪أǰϢǸӪ

СѣǴǰأ
·ϣʵ
ղλ׷ѴңˮԪǿҹִأڴ˹еһһ𡣡
Ѱڵ
׹Ц
֮ǰЩϼһһԸڣ˭뵽ȴȿסˣ
صĸӪ
ʡ
֮ԪʥڵӪ
Ѱ
ԭӪˡ
ȻҲԣϴУˮӪ룬ǰӪУľǽˮǡԣѡӪѸûлٲ뵽̳С
ʥʿһµĽɫ֮Ԫ֮һ֮УҲһͷĺݽɫ
ҿˮӦȽɫҲҪѷɫʥһ
һüѵܱȻǿ󣿡
в࣬༫С
岻¶һĨɫˣ鷳ˡ
ˮͿʥ֣أҪԸǣҲֻнսһ·ѡ
ͻԵúܱ
ãʥʸҲԳСһս

üƲѣӦòѡƴ
㹻ˣǸڴɱСѺǵӦЩΣա
˵ͷĿ⿴Ѱ
ѰЦλǰΪ˷ǣ±ɡ
̸ʱԶԶѾܹؼء


3133 Ķ
ء
޽һƬɳĮϣһڵĴɽǣɡ
ѰѳɣΪĵӪҲΪΪ֮һҪ졣
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磬֮ڵϼһǱ˴ϣγ˸Ӫ
Уֻ
ֱԷ֮ԪȷΪ׵Ӫ֮ԪǺΪ׵ӪԵ֮ԪǧΪ׵ӪԻΪ׵Ӫ
ˣǧսֲ˸ǵĶп͡
ӦˮǿʥЩڵӪֻܳһ
Ȼһ֮ѡˣʶӵеƣҲȥЩ⡣
أʥʺͽˮӪѡˣӵеҲѾܹȥ⡣
𡭡
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˿ʥʻе˼
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ֵǣӶǺʮ㣬һʱ䣬в̫ƽˡ
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УֲŲϹӰѰǣһ¶˷֮ɫ
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ԴҲû뵽Ѱıж֮죬ҵһѡΪĿ꣡
ӪϹǣһɫҲѿ
Ѱ㣬رڲ֮أڴ˵ϢȥͲıɱڴˣ
ʥһɫĮڡ
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ǰг֣ʥϲ
ڣһɫȴޱȣȻɱЩϼһһɱĴɵ
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飿Цҵʲôġ
ʥЦûѰ򣬿¾ͽסˡ
̳ܲģЩƨĹϵ
Ц
ʥʵɫһҪƴƣ
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ȴѰ̽һֱֻ֣Ӹߵˡޱϡ
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ڿʥвѰٶԵõʮ㣬֮
κԴǣľٶǰԵò԰
ԿʥʡˮǶԣѰľٶһ
뵽Ѱ˸ɴֱ࣬ӾѡҪ
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ʥʡˮ־ŭ
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ΨѰȻԨгȵսȼ
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˭ָ󣬽ΪѰĵִŵÿʥʡˮӪֱأ̶ֻӣ
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Щϼһȫûˡ
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3135 ΪΪ
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3136 ̳ǰ
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һϹﶼ¶Ȥ֮ɫ

˭֪֮˵һԵ߸һУ
ֻǣʶ˵ˣȴ֮١
á
ѰӦ
еع򣬾ҵĴҶԴȫ֪ƿأСѾȥƾ֡ȻҲԽҵջأС֣ƾ֡
Ѱҡͷ鷳ƾֱǡ
˵ţѰһתһĴʶӿ봺УʱѰӦľ
硣
һĳǳС
֯ˮȴǷӡ
ֻһǣȴϣϲ̬쾡¡
ѰظоԼ˽ֱһؤڣᾣһϢ
£һ˿ûУҲûһ˿ĵУȫ޷ӦؼκδϢ
üѵĴУԡࡱΪ
ˣҲζţԼֱؤһ𣬾Ѿ뵽ƿصع֮У
˼
Ѱһ򵥵ĶȴԵǰԭڣ˿̵״̫ˡ
ǣͷ棬ټϼȣ¶ã
ѰţѾʶһѾӴ˿̿ʼˡ
ףʲôʱſڶؤ߿ߣĪǾ¥⣡
һСӾ¥߳һݺݵضѰ
Ѱ˶Էһۣ֪ԷһˣҲݣԭҲܼ򵥣ԼؤаհҾ¥ˣڱСϡ

Ѱ룬Ҫ˵ʲô
Զһ󼱴ĵһȺ˿ӼԶһ·ֱײֵýֵϻҲǶӰͼ
ÿ
ڻصҲԽԽˡ
ѰԣϽڵλãעܲЩӵļ̤
һ̤һţڵ״ǵһغ
Ѱ˼СǰʮزڴƾڵٺɾȲĲҷҰȲ
СһһԾ֪ﲡأ
ңϾҪˣʱʲô֪ңܾȻһ죡
Ѱɿ
СĻҳɣֱǰסѰǹ᾵壬ק˾¥һࡣ
¡
һȺͼԦ۶ֻһʱ䣬ͻѰֱؤν֮
ˣѰһЦ૵ȴ浹ҲȤĺܰ
ͬʱ̳
ע⵽зһĻĻȴЦСѰСѣҿɶմȾģôƻһΣգҲˡ
δʲôһϹǣҲע⵽˷еһĻĻɫ졣
ԶĶȷɫڣԡΪ֣ձѰƳҲմӶһУճ⡭һ޽֣


3138 ֮ض
ȷĻнϿĲ죬޽֣Сѽ絽ڣıֻ𣿿ڣЩСΪеϼһǣĸк³
ȷ΢΢һЦ
һñ粵̬
ԶĳǧʵСβѡǵСæᷢʲô
ôһδεġ͡УữеÿһˣÿһΣ͵ҵĴ֮´һΣ󡭡ʧ̬Уֻ䡣
ô˵֮ǰѡȷģ
ǧü
̸ϡ
ǵСһΣѵڽ֮СϣһСκ飬ʲôҲҲɼĴУ类ˮеĸƼֻ沨ڴ˹УǣҲԽԽࡣ
λҲ֪ǣ̫࣬Ҫѡɾ̫ˡ
˵⣬֮ǰѹСѣƿ磬ȴմȾ֮ƺδϡ
ǧüҲãҲãϼһ֣֮Ǹ֡
ϹҲӦɫ졣
Ĵ֮һĵ;ǡࡱǣ֮
˱ϵĽ֮ôƿصġࡱ֮Ѿ˴Щƣ
Ǻǣҿûκζ⣬棬ȻǰˣСҲ޻Ц
ܡ
һֱԹ۵˵ǡ࡯俰һ֮Ѱ֮ȴվһЩ
˿̳ȫһݣܲ죬û뵽Ůħͷ˿Ѱ
Ϊ֮ɴ֣
΢У˵ĻԲ⣬Ļȴ޷ӡ
ȥǡ

ؤа취Ĳ
¥ſڣСŽɣﲡص飬Ƶƹ񶼲֪ɸղؤȴһˡ
Ҳ²ⲻ֮ǰѾǮ˺ܶΪ￴Ƕ˵Ǿ֢ûþȶԷ񣿡
Ѱѵ壬¥ǽϣһ
ԵĶԵġ
Сܼƺˣһ
ѰЦѵɣ
СڨڨĿܣⶼе飬˭֪ϵɺֶǼٵģ
ɲ֪ϻû֣ǰؤȴָ
ҰæҲԣ˵
Ѱ˵
ϣţ
Сһ̾˾¥
Ѱ򱳿ǽǽֵȺĿ⽥Զ񷣬ипΪ֣Ǻôֱʣǰһֻ֮񡭡ҵҪһ£֮Ŷٰ
ûãС˶ţ⣬һϾ߳ˡ
ӴƷˡѰЦŵ٩
СֻҪܾȺĲⱲӹУ
ТĿɼΣ
ѰһϾ
Ʊ㣬Ѱ׼ˮҪϴһˣҲ԰׼һס
Сһû뵽ѰҪԥһ£ҪСһǰҼϴΣ
µȲ
Ѱҡͷ
Сһҧ
˵ţӽѰϣ߽˾¥ⲻñƵƹһͨ
СЦŽһھƵƹҪɱ˵Ŀע£ӲͷƤѰ߽˺ԺС
ȻʼˮֱѰʼԡСȥҴȡһɾĴֲ
Ѱϴ֮󣬻ϸɾ˶ˬࡣ
ٿһĵС¶֮ɫ
ΪңƹˣΪ׼˾⣬ͲģѰЦʡ
ġ
СҧֻҪܾȺĲЩʲô
Ѱ˵ͷԵԱ𡣡
˵ţõС׼īܿдһҩ˹ȥŴ˷ȥץҩȻȥɡ⣬ڱɳκĲ
Слл
ѰЦЦ͵СһҪ߳¥ע⵽һƹǲƵ
Ѱʱֹƹģһʱشͷ
ƹһȻŭ϶㾹ң
˭͵͵ȥ͵飬ܲɣѾ¶һЩߣһʱˡ
˵գѰЦ߳¥š
ⷬȴ¥ʳͶһЦ
ϱεƹȻµ˿ڣ
û뵽
ƹģ壬ܳסϱθڣ
һʳ͵٩ƹȴɫɷףʧǣؤֱ飿
Ȼһʱһ׳ʵò׺ӳž¥ƹһٱᣬֱ޵
Щʳͳʼڿ֣ɽһӦԾ
֮ǰؤ֪¥ƹ͵飬׼ʱ̫˼ˣ
δ֪
ؤھ¥⣬ȥ
һЩʳҴ˹ȥ
֮ǰ׼¥ƹϵģһӹʵԵúܿ
Ѱǽǣɹ̫ѣǰ˴˳Ǹ̵һ˿񲼲ûʮ֮֡
׻ɫˣŭ϶ҪѪˣ
Ѱ˭ҽߣұһǰ̼ס
ʱΧ۵˶ˡ
ʶѰ֮ǰֶΣĻ᲻ףˡˣ
ӲǲƵĿ⣬ʱ˲вѰز̶ֻȥ
ܷһԵ
һ̲סʣҿԳǮ
ѰƳһۣԵڴ˳ǣҵģȥ׷Ķȥıã׮Եͳˡ
һ𣬡֪Һͱ֮ˣ
ѰЦ
ܹͱóأұϲơ
һ񣬶ϵǮѰߣŴҴҶȥ
ߣ˾һӵϣȿֺѯ
ܷΪռһºʱܳͷأ
ͽμӿƾ٣֪ܷΪռһңһǰ̣
ѰˣЦûκξܾһһ
ڽʱĺ䶯ҲԽԽ˲֪Χ£
ѰٲȻġˡ
̳ǰɫòѰѵ֪ôǣԽԽԸԼױ
ǧ̲סڣСѴ˾٣һƹˤĸо
ϹҲɲȫѰʲô
ȷѩ׵üë֪֮Ѱ˾٣Ҫ֮ض


3139 
Ϧա
¥ǰһĶ飬һ۾ͷ
ϵۡ
λˣ˵֪֪һܿ˵Ĺȥδ
ѵ˼ɲɣ
ʲôӣ˭Ҳûλ϶һ
أֵһĿʱֱԵֻһ䣬Ƿڳ
Ѱ̧ۿӣڴ˽֮ϣԷ񣿡
һʱż·ݻһλҪĿˣŲò۳֮ϡ
Ժ£˽ԿѧΨ㡭С
Ѱڵ
üΪΣ
ΪҪҵ
Ѱ˵ţЦĿ⿴ϦµĽֵųɳӰ¶˼֮ɫ
УЩ׾Ѱ档
Уȴ˿߰ĹӰƬصУʱʱ̶̿ڲű仯
ߣ࣬ϲϣ޲Դڴˡ
ֻǣѰĵڴΪˡռЩڷžҵı仯
ܿԼϣһɫԽԽصͼ
Һʱ
üѷһĨɷҳԣɲ˵
ѰȻ֣üһ㣬ƶбѭ˲Ҳ󣬲Ҳҡ
һֱͦͦɵڵأûϢ
Ǽˣŵþɢʱ
ѰȴЦЦڱĿע£Ӱƾ𣬷ҡϡ
񡭡ɰ
˾Уͨһڵء
죡ɣ
ϣе˶ͷһնϵӰɫ㱡
أѰӰԽԽߣֱ⣬£ãã۵ס
ؼ䣬ŵ֮緭ڱ仯š
Ѱ˿ԼϣһһߣǵСϵ
Ѱһ֣һ߶ʱҡҷϺ߲ܵӴ;أһǣԽԽ࣬ǵķΧҲԽԽ㡭
ȫ֮ҡҷƮ
ԶԶһֱֳƥ趯ӣ
أѰƮ裬ڣ֮ڣգѰƷ壬һĿܣ
䣡
֮Աһץס˲ϢС
Ѱһ꣬ƬС
ף˿ġؤһĴ
ڣƳһĴҲ֮ȡĹ

飡
̳ǰѰеĴ͵زһ죬˳ǳŵա
ҲڴʱѰջʶĿɨܣͼһϹüԴһĨɫ
ٿԶ˫ĿʧȻƺܵĴ
죬ŻعƵģѰ֮ǰõģƺ֮ǡ˵
Ѱ̸֣յݻˡ
Ẉ̂ѳײͬعЦҡͷ֪Сմ˵ҾͲ׳ˣˡ
ˣųϽ֮תеϸС֧
ףѰѹ֮һʶܶѰκһ˿
֮ǰԴΪ֣Ѱ棬׳ʲô
ˣϾܲȹ֮
ͬʱЩϹǽ޷һѰĿⶼɫ
ȷ塢ˮǺЩУɫ𲻶
һģѰɵշֳʤʱǲط֣Ѱصĵơˣ
нϿظЦ
ΨĲֹѰһλ
ѹ⡣
ԶૣϾߵĽ֮ôԪȥƿش˵ߣָ
ɳСߡֵǩĵѳ
޿ɣѰܣûٵʱ䣬ǧһ档

յʱ
ųԾȫĻʱŷ֣пհǩǡӡһܹͶȷ塢ǺȶﲢĿֲڡ
ˣʤʮλѳ֡
ֱǶȷ塢ǺˮӡǧѰҡ𡢷ࡢˮˡ
Щ̭ԼڵӪעûлȥռ̳ˡ
Դˣʧ䣬̹Ȼҡͷ̾ѡ
ڱ㿪ʼڶֳǩ
ǧ˵ţٴǩͲ
εĵǩϣԿżסҡ졢ɡ
ֱм׹ɡ켺ߣ˴˱Ǿ֡
ͬʱҲǶԾ˳
һΣѰ˼ֵǩҪһ
ڣʼһԾ
ǧڡ
ৣৣ
ӰڳС
ʱѰʱЦˣˮ
⻹ԩ·խ
ˮԼĶʱˣһ׻ģ
һΣѡ
Ѱԥ
ȫһţɫ΢
ҡ
ˮ࣬˵
ΪϹأһʱһֻܴӦҲ;ܾ
Уܶˡ
һ̣֮ԪĶȷڣֵѣαذ˾ʦɶû㲻صġ
»ãһѰľͷƲסĻȻĳΪʦ̫ʴȣһЩ϶𱨣Ǵ򲻹ʦ𣬷һǻԹйֵͽܵϣ޳ܣ
һóЩѰϼһǵɫЩÿˡ
ҿɲЧʦʴȣЩ𱨵ϼһǼţĳ˵Ժ˵ʱͬܵʹ
Ѱƽȴ֮飬ԵҶգ
ȫžһϹá
ȷüûٶ˵
浱ƾ׸Ĳɣ
͵أˮȣɫݣȫ֡
֪޺·ʶƴһ
ΪһͷˮսȻǿ֮֮ȷ塢ǺЩҲֻԲһѡ
ƴڳû˸Сˡ
ѰͬûСڵһʱȫ֮Ӳ
սܼңǣڳ˵ġ
Ƭ̺󣬽ˮͿҪŲסˣ᧿Σ
ڲʱˮܡ
ֱӱѰɱͬԪһҷ
ĿһĻһƬžѻȸ
ϹĬȻĳ
һսĿѰսǺε죬ȥͳǧȷЩһϸߵͣ
ˮЩѰĳжԣҲһСĴ
ڵ֪ѰҪʱǶԤеԺУѰҲزưոݣ


3140 
ɱˮѰĴһ˺ҵ
̸أ۷ʱϾҪһЩ
ãǵڶһģʱ޸ƣָС
ڶսģǶȷͷҡ
ҲһսѰʶ˶ȷλ֮Ԫս
ɹߴδ٣ִơ򡱣֮սɱںԶԿ޿ɺɴĸо
ǷҡҲһλеĿֲڣںͶȷԿʱԴ·硣
սյʱ䣬ҡҡͷ䡣
ѰʣԼҪ¶ȷϼһҲøصĴ۲ɡ
ǧӡ
һսҿһսǳǧӣĴС
ǧִơ޶򡱣޳ƣս޳֮䣬ܻɱٱᾡ컯
򡱣ͨ󿪴ϡԡһ򷨣һĿɡ
λ棬ȫĿ
ѰҲƮĿѣ
λϣȫһϵ;
յĹ򣬽ھ壬յͨҲС򷨹һһ򷨡Ŀܡ
ȻֹѰ֪ھΨһЩ̤ϼһǣڸԵĵ;ӵ衣
񣬱˴֮ƴģǸԵĴǿ
Ҳνġ
ϼһôȥǿɶòôһΣ
սУǧ
ΪβһΣ
ߡ
߶ʱڣ֮伫ѷֳʤսԽãǵľԽ
󣬼ʤһעأһУɾͽԴ
˶ǲƢ˭Ҳãڽսˡ
㽫ʱ
۵صĳǧû˲ˣÿӾû£
˵ţ˳ս
ҲӮһˡ
Цúܵ⡣
ûֻʣɵһ濪ʼǰָܻһѾܲףʱҵҪ˭ˡ
ǧֱӽҴӵϵףõúЦһͣˣڸˣǿ֮ĩ
϶ǰǰ
ֵϥأץʱ俪ʼָ
ѰˣݸĻῴǧӿƻʵӦһԹϵĪѲŶԡ
ĳǺ
жʤ
գϵǣǺˡ
ѰüԿǺ֮ڻ޷ʤҲƽɫ
Ϲ֣ΪκȻˮҲˣÿڣ㣬ҿɲ顣
Ǻޱ˭ˣ
ϹǵһѰɡԶǧЦ
ǺߣƸý͡
УǺ˾٣ܾǧ²ǰ㣬һѰ
ΪɵΪԭ򣬾Ͳö֪
峡ˮˡ
ѡԡݴķʽʤ
ڣ˭ݳĴʤһ˭ʤ
⿼߶Դƿء
̸϶༤ңȴڳ˵עΪ棬ֱܹ۵ؿλϹڸԵ;ϵĴ衣
գʤһ˿
ĿḶ́Ѱ壬Щϼһ˶ԪԴƿأֱѴﵽ˼ĵزڹսʱҲ
ȻȥɱսѰҲ塣
ˣڶ峡
ʤ߷ֱѰȷ塢ӡͷࡣ
ˣǾ͵ðաоķʽгսˡ
ǧüڡ
νоսľˮķʽȡս
ľľˮˮ𡢻𣬽峡Ծ
Ҳ˵ÿҪս
սپ档
ˣϷ򲻲˴ˡ
أӿڣȫе⡣
֪ˣΪεʱң
ǧû
û취ҾӮ㡣
Ц
ãˣĸˣԾʤٽһԾѡӮҡ
ǧ˵꣬Ϳʼгǩ
ܿ죬ͳֱ֣Ѱȷࡣ
ˣȫϹﾫһ
ΪˣѿĴڣȻѰ̫ᣬҲŸ֤ʮ꣬սѲѷɫλϼһ
֮ϹУѰѾԺλ
һԾѰ
Сѣ棬ݲκһ˿飬ȻҶʦ壬Ҳڴսס
ƽڣһϮۣڷƮҷݿʣһɢһơ
Ѱ΢΢ͷˡ
֮ǰѹĦǺһսȻжʤɰܣɸӡ
աٽ򡱣ԵƥϢˣųƿɷΪ
롣
̧һУһɫսꪸС
ս桱ʮǧŰпʼֱ֤ꡣ
˱Ҳı֮
ս⣬˽¶ׯ֮ɫ
һֵĴ֮Ѱǰ̸жģ֮ڵǣԴ۷״̬С
һԾһɻҡ
ˣ
ԨնѰͷ֮ϣţƾո֣Ѱܡ
һĻ˶¶һĨɫ
ǶѰÿһŲڱսȴ޷֪Ѱνȵزġ
Ϊ֤ߣԻὫһΪһ¯յͨữΪһ
ˣܼͻƣӲٵɱӶ̤֮
ɺȻѰĵ;һ
һҲǣ˭뵽ִܳٵ֮УѰȴ漣֤
Ƿ֮ȴһ޷Գܵ߸ŽһУһ֪
䣡
ûзϻˣнսһ콵ɻңƺƵĽѻϢĩ֮ն
磬˲Ϣܷٵһ磬ɽ
ʱЩϹǶԶԶܿ
ͼѰܣ䱾ӭϣԨڿն⣬¡¡ѹ¡
ʱսɲǼͽ뵽ҵɱС
һϹﶼ⶯ݣɫ𲻶
֮ǰֻƲѰսѿĴڣڣܹͰƾеɱһ֤ǵƲ⣡
ˣ޿ɣ
һ뵽ѰԪһ֤սЩϹƽ


3141 ʤ
Ӻ
ѰͰԸ˴˵սȼ㣬׷ڣսҡ
Щɫò
нϿǵɫҲý
Щԩ޳֮ϢרעսҲ޷ƽ
ȷ塢˵򽥽ɻ
ѰͰܾˣǶԣһ׮¡
һУռһЩơ
Ȼǰһܻʤ
һӺ
֣ת뿪ս
ȫһ㶡
ѰԼҲٸ⡣
Щȥһɡ
仰ڳϥĿɫƽú
ŷӦ
ģ֮ǰ㻹˵飬Ϊھò
ǧʳ
ţеɱҲ䣬ˣΪβЩⳡ棿
ȫȻ˭û뵽֮òΪʶսȥҲǱɣ
ˣ
̲סʡ
سһ֪̾Ǹ˼ΪҴ˾ڰѰӣֻ˵ˡ
ˣٲ
˿ѰĿ⣬Щ΢ˡ
ȶﶼ䣬֪ѰӵеսǺε죡
ˡѰ˹֣ûٶ˵ʲôֱ뿪սϯضȫ޸ϵơ
нϿǰһ
ЩѰϹǣˡ
ѰŸ֤ʮ꣬ԺгĽռ䣬ھðȶ䣬һ붼ļ¡
Ƕȷͷ֮ĶԾ
һսӾͽȷ䣬õ÷ӮһԾ
һĻнϿ϶ȷ˾٣˾һʸʵǴ赶ɱˣ
ȱܿһԾкѰɱֽ跨֮ԸѰνһ˫á
ʧģ޷һξ̳Ļˡ
ȷ壬ôɺܲʡ
ǧ̾
ʱ˿̣˭ܿȷ˼
ұ£䣬ҼҵԵɣ̸񣿡
ȷ屦ׯϣȻͶĿ⣬ο䣬Ϊβԣ
仰ʮ㡣
ʵϣҲǰ䣬öȷı⣬˵԰Щ
ǰ֣Ѱȫ
£ͷɱעļ¾ʤҲؽںѰĶԾгԿ
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ԶЦŷ̵ζ
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ձѹֶ
һ棬ΪѰĴڣ˺ܶı
ùĵˮֱѰɱ
֮⣬Ǻȷõľ񣬿ƺܲʣ˭֪ôΪ£
ΪƵı仯õһԼľ
̳վᱻ˭ռݣȻѲǺȷ忼ǷΧڡ
ʵϣΪ˶ԪϹ˲֪ٴ棬ǰ棬ǰʱкܶλܹǰ
ʶѡҲ̸ʲôʧ
ڶȷѰĻῴ⡣
Ϊһܹ̳Ҳʹ뿪
еʱȥЩһһ
һԾˣѰ࣬ǿԿʼˡ
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Ѱֱ
ɻսԶķѿڵˣһ˳
һϮۣͷ࣬Ƿ˿̸һڣõȫдֲ֮С
⣬һ
˭û뵽һвδĶٵķ࣬ȴһ̳Ļᡣ
Ƕƣҿɲ뵱ǰɱ˵ĵ
໰⣬˵ʱĿ⿴ԶĶȷ壬ϺУ֮ǰľٶȷܲʣ
˵ԴǼѴһĨ⡣
ȷҪ赶ɱˣҲһֲ⣡
ͼȷǱׯϵɫһĨ˵֣ˡ
Ƿᶼ޹ؽҪĴ棬в
Ȼֻϣ´棬Ҫ㣬ʲô鶼Ҫƣ˶ġ
ȷɫһ䣬⻰˵̫ˡ
޷ƽ
յĴ棬ȷ̫ˣ̸Ͼʣ̸ϼģζҲͱˡ
ˣʹĻϲСѡ
ǧ˵ţЦǺǳѰ֡
ڳϹҲ׷׹أӡ󡢰ȵȡ
ȻЩѰĽɫһɫ
лλ
ѰȭԼû뵽ʤͻȻһӾͳյӮҡ
ֱ˿̣ٿЩϹǣѰ򣬽ɻʤԼսжǿҲڵսж಻
ףΪгǧӡЩдڡ
ǣõһ˱õԼ˸ˡ
ҲʱѰ֮ǰ䣬ƷһЩһζ
ΪЩǴӰʼֵģ
ѰһָоôƺΪ˰ԼһѣԼɻʤ
Ժ󣬵Ҫúһġ
Ѱа
λǰǰ̳
ѰīĽšߣЦſڡ
֮ǰнϿǶԼռ̳īǰ档
īɫԶЩ㱣ƺоܲʵнϿɽǵĴߴ¶̤̳
ϹһĻ˵ĽǾǼٵġ
Ѱû뿪Щһѹ֡

֮硣
ʵɽϣθǺӦ뿴ϵ֮
ͼǾĴزתűӰӳ
һˣ
θǾһһ߳ɽۣȴ
ûãͼѰнϿǵӰء
һ죬йط飬ҲǱʵɽ֪Ī䶯
ϣʵɽϾ;ٰһʢϯɽһڴ˺Ԫ̵̡޵߽ԲУｻڡ
ҲǴѰʼչء
ʱһһȥ
ʮ
չеѰһ
ˡ
һ¯ն¯УһðӰС
ӰƺĶսף
ȻǷһ˶սۡ
ʦ֡
Ѱϲá
̤һ򳹵ƿҲﵽ˼ĵز
ܣʦһĨѲ츲صı仯
ֻһػ


3142 
ʦ֣͸ÿˡ
죬Ѱ侲
ѾˣµĴʦ֣ҪػֻпԼ
Ƽɵ
һУҪǴʦԼһػɱ䣡
죬Ѱҵ˶ʦʦǡ
ѰϲѶ˵һʦʦ㶼һЩʧصļ
ڷɽʦ־һˣгʦΪصˡ
ĺԪһڷ紫˱ޱȡ
ʱѰСʦ֮ܽ˭ܲϲã
Сʦܣлˡ
ﹰ
Сʦܣлˡ
ʦʦҲ빰֡
ÿ˽ĳȣƽ
ͬʱ
棬һͶĴɽϡ
أԶĵķ֮һ󷢳һˬʴЦգǴͽܵɱ٣ӴԺ⣬
棬³㣬òḶָ̌΢Ц֣ˡ
֮ͷһ̣Ȼ֮ںľľб䣬űһȻⳡøˣ
ǴͽԴԺ󣬱㲻Ȼϲɺءдɱ䣬ҲԿСͽѾ֮أ⣬ò˶꣬ͻǰ档
֮˵ͷԵ
룬֣Ҷһ䣬Ϊλѡдӣ
֮˼Ƭ̣Ĳ
һ̾һĲȥ֮һԵĲǰɸѡ³ˡ
֮¶һ˿ЦҲ㣬˵ѡѰΪͽ˵Լĵ;ȴ֪ͬڵȴһΪҪȴȥѰ٣
˵ǿ󡣡Ц
ơ
֮Цŵͷˣ֮·ҴӲһ˿ܹӵн֮ɾͣȫʦġ
룬Եԡ

֮֮硣
Ѱ¿ʼչء
֮ǰѾܹڴʦֵĵɶʦտ
ڴʦֺʱǾ͵ÿʦԼˡ
ֹʮꡣ
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ѰнϿһǰ硣
ʮһһεĴĻ
ڴڼ䣬Ѱ۳أ½λУٴ𶯡
̳УѰЩǷѣһ־ˮλڡ
ʤȴò档
δջʤģǰڵӪУλϹ˳̳ǰ档
ֵһǣڴ˴εУѰҲǼȡԽԽ˹
Ժÿһʱ䣬һΣѰнϿҲ֮С

䣬Ҵʱȥ
ڶʮĴγֵС
ϣѰнϿϥ
ЩϼһҲ֪йô
нϿһھƣ˺ǰ֮ǰɽ塢ǡ
̳͸ǰһȥһ֪ˡ
ѰЦ
ˣڴڼ䣬ǲʮ档
ʧܣҲгɹ
ɽ塢ǣѾ̳ǰ档
أһֱɱУ
нϿʡ
ѰֻҪ磬ͻȥЩи𣬵ЩڵӪɾ
ˮӦЩнʣµЩˣУѾٽ磡
ʱ仹磬ҿɲż
ѰЦЦοЩȷ塢ǺӪвɱϾûı壬ʲôʱɱ˶ȷ塢ǺҲŻῼǰ档
񣬾Ԫ֮ٽٵʱ䣬ʣꡣ
ѰѾ´ࡣ
񣬶ȷ塢ǺѶɵ֮ĶܣɺץסԸǡ

ЩѰĵн죬һһ£ǿǧЩҲٲ֣
ŵ˵ڵ磬һֱ棬սϣѰΪ
һ㣬ǧҲѳϡ
ϾǶ½Ѱ¡
ˣȷ塢Ǻ˸ȥѰ棬һпܺѰԾǰͷˡ
ѰҲǰصǰս
źǣÿʱ򣬶ȷ塢ǺǾͻǰ롣
ڵѰҲûץסɱǵĻᡣ
⵹ûʲôץסǵġ
Ѱ
ûинϿв˹֮Ѱһȫµķ֡
Ǿǣ֮ǵĹѾѹסԼ
á顱Ѱ֮Уܵѹƺ˺
ѰгһԼܹ⴩֮ϣҲͬԴƱϣ뵽ԪУ
ʱٽ磬ɱЩڵļԪ磡
ѰһΣҲҪǴ档
һȻڣƵġ
á
ѰЦŴӦ
ѳҹķӡһѵͬ۷ʱҹʡ
µǣˡʱ֮
£Ѱսóȫʤһ

̳ʱ֣Ѱ̳ǰС
ֻཻϹࡣ
ȶѾǰ档
ΣĽֻĸӪ
ֱǳǧӡѰˮ˸ڵӪ
ȷǺأ
Ѱһ
Ѱǰ棬ǿǲˡ
ǧпƵ˵
ֹǣӪϼһҲˡ
Ӳһ䡣
ЩѰӪϾֻһ֣˻Ӫ̸ֻǿѡ
ԭЩӪҲл뵽УΪѰĴڣõЩӪϼһǶֱϨ˼
ڵ񣬲ӪԽԽˡ
λǰ˼ǣĳ˷ˣ
ѰЦ
ǧЦҲ㣬֮Ԫϼһǣֻһ£ǾѰʱǰ棬ֻҪˣĸעָ״̬С
˼ս˫˭֪뵽УѰһֻҪڣ⼸ϼһ˿ɲɵŰ
ӵ٩
Ѱ룬лܹнϿλǰߣԺ̳Ĵ棬Ҳ
ֲһ䣺Ȼȷ塢ǺҲԲԹۡ
ԣǧǶһۣҲĪ˿
Ѱ̫ʢưÿһεĴ档
һټȥǧǶеȤ
Ͼ˭ϲһδεذѰֵ£
ǿɲŰ


3143 һʼ һ
ܿ쿪ʼ
ѰӡǧˮԡоķʽжԾս
ҲһΣӡǧЩϼһǼʶսĿֲ
սӡˮ½£
ֱһεĴĻʤسΪӮҡ
֪˭ˡ
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ΪᣬΪȣҹ֮أٲеڶӵˡ
Ҳһп
֮ǰֵ»ЩɵݺƺȻˡ
λô
˵档
˼顭
ڳϹƺҲһЩܾǰĴţһĿⶼˡ
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š
˵ͷļУȷкйصһЩ飬ɴ඼ģƺǱԼĨȥһ㡣
Ѱͫһ
޵ߣ޲ǰ档
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̫˼飡
һֱԶԹ۵˿ҲڸȷŰ㣬૵ֲƿ֮ԭ˵ҹʡ
죬нϿˣǰ档

֮硣
ʵɽϣѰһڷɽʦʦơ
ʦֻû𣿡
̸ʱѰʵ
ЦʦӦЩȥһֱϵϢԽԽǿˣԤʱעʵһƼɵɱ䡣
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֮ǰʱһʵ˶νÿһεĽһС磬õһսҲǿࡣ
ЩѰȴԼĵƿ޴
Ѱԣһ׮ϲ¡
ΪֻҪƿʵһϵͻƣ
ǰңֻʵһδεĽܴƿ͵˾ˡ
УϥѰһһ˼⡣
Ҳ
˾һĵ;ÿһϹﶼǰУͼִ˾֮ͷ
ɹԪȥܹ˾ռزģҲ޼
̫סϫλصĽ͵ȵȡ
ѰԣЩ;һֱڽΪҲʵֹεɱ
սǿܹܳǧЩеĶУ濼ĻĿǰΪҲֻڽ׶Ρ
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˼⣬أѰεĸС
ʮ
䣡
УƾնѰܡ
ѰһľȻһʹɫ⣬ѰĵС
š𡢰׽𡢻ˮĴ御ɫɫɫɫִԴ뵽ѰĵС
Ѱϵڽӿֳԡ
ˣյͨںΪһѰһ֡
νġ򷨹һ
ԺѰֵ֮һֵս

ʮ
ͣ
Ѱ͵ӣס
䣡
һֱǰԨƱ㣬һƥĹ⣬ӿѰڡ
ԴԺ󣬽ңٲֱ˴ˣˣųƵһ
ԴԺһеΪãһзΪأһΪִ
ѰתƮӿֳ˼ΪƿҲһ㴰ֽ㣬һ̱ͱơ
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֮Уһӿֶ춯
Ҳһ̣չеѰ
˿̵һϢޣһӣƽƽ档
ɵת֮䣬ȴлɬĵڡ
ҪҪȥһߣ
á
Ѱһ𣬷ҡڡ
ʵΣֻѰľȫһˡ

·ϣѰżȻһȺ޵ߣǰ
ԷͬһӪŴУѰʱʱֹ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ʸλǧ
ѰЦŹ֡
ۼѰֻѯ̸δ¶⣬ЩϹ˿
һӵǧѾϴεĴ뿪ˡ
ˣ
Ѱһأ
Ҳǰ档
ӵ
ѰжٸȻ
֮УϤҲֻгǧǼɺȻһֱ֮עǲټЩˡ
Ƕȷ塢ǺӪ޵߿
Ѱʡ
⵹ûС
˵⣬Щӡ
ʮֳΣѰ䲻ڣȷ塢ǺĸҲ
лˡ
Ѱ˹֣뿪
ͼǻ̲סֵѣǰĪҪ뵽У
ڳϹҲ䡣
ʮǰѰ̬ɱȷ塢Ǻȳ֮ǰٲ뵽С
޵߶ԣȻĺ£
ѰҪȫһˡ
μӡ
ѰЦҡͷ
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Ѱתȥ
λûУѰϾһ˿Ϣ¶˶޷ٸܵϵƣͷ·һӰ㡣
ֱѰӰʧһλϹŶžɿڣǷζţʮĵвĳֲ˼ͻƣ
価豹棬һһȻȻȱ仯ȷ̫ˡ
ǲ֪ʲôʱǰ档

ЩϹһţһѾԶȥ̸Ѱʱ˴˶п겻ѡ
֪ʲôʱʼѰٲȻѾΪ֮ǵһλֲڡ
ֻҪһղ뿪Ǿע˸Һڣ
ȥ
·ϣʡ
˶ȥҲûʲôģҴȥԪһ⡣
Ѱڵ
Ѿ޾֮ѹȣ
ţ֮ǰʱѾ֮ܵдˡ
һȥ
á
̸⣬Ѱ̧ͷԶ
ͼһĨٻӰ֣Ůˣ
ǰ
Ѱ΢΢֡
ڼˣǵġ
ѰһȻǰǾǰ棿

ͷףܸ֮ƿأʶȥǰҪСһġ


3144 뽣
һΪ֮֮ʮԪŮħͷ
һϹﶼɵֵĿֲڡ
òŮˣȻһˣ
£ȴҪѡ뿪ǰ档
ѰҲ֪ǳ׷ˣǳ״ӡִгˡ
ϣǷһĥʯ
Ѱ
ǡ
ѰȻǰ֪
ĸһƶɵĽʣ˵ģ׾ʵɢµϢ
ҵġ
һĨ飬еĥʯһͬһˣҵһμʱѾˣֻǣȴûҵ£ҾͽȥһĹ˵顣
Ѱ𵴡
Ȼеλ͡λزɲĥʯ֮
ǸĥʯһԿ̡񡱣һԿ̡桱ʵڽֻأ߼ԪСп޶֣վ̫į
Ҳ棬ѡֻأ¿ʼҪ辶ߵ;
ֻǣĥʯ֮ʲôϵ
ȴӿʵ֮Ƿɽнʡ佣ǽʣϻʣС֪֮ΪҪʡô
ѰһһѰ⣬ϸȴѰ֣ȴ⡣
Ƭ̣˵ҿ뽣ʣศɣһɱһأǡһһһһڡ
˵ͷ˼⣬Ҳϡ
˶٣з׷֮ɫɱأལޣһ˼ĥ֮âȴıʣڡء
أѰ΢С
νأһһɾ񣬴һͨġ
һվڽдɾ͡
Ѱ˼һΣ
ĺǽ֮֮ϣСΪ
˼ʱɽɽˮˮ²ɣ쳾ӳģԿ
Ĵң֮
˽ǵġ
˾ռ
Ѱ𶯣ãγѰ㣬ֵлǰָԽ򡣡
һɲ˵ͷԡ
ɱء
ıǵġ
ף֮ռںľ֣
㲻лңĥʯ֮ǰǰ˵ģֻԭѡ
˵⣬¶һĨԳЦִʮԪͷŷ֣һֱշףѸҴ𰸡
ѰһҲڸҿ϶ǰ棬ǷʮԪǴľһĴˣ
档ĥʯĥĲǽġ

Ѱ΢˼
ĥʯĥȴľһһǻ񣬴һͨġ
˿ɵôڣң
ãѰųһǰһϯйɡ
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֮ǰѰڣȴԼԼؿһߣ
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𣬵˵׼СǰʱҲ֮
Ѱһջûסǰеĥʯ֮ǷһλԳơ͡ǰ
˵ͷ
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Ѱип뵱˵Ļ
˽֮ϵĿ뢣â֮ʤ޿ƥСңڣ֮û֪˵һѹ죬һ֮Ԫ֮ϣ˳Խڵϵ;ȴԳơ͡
Сѣǡ
ûٶ̸תȥһϮѣƮȻʧããؼ䡣
Ҳ߰ɡ
ѰջĿ⣬˵

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Ѱ
ƮҷƺƵ˺֮ϣԨ¡
ʱԺиֳһ׳λ棬ɢ֮µǳ㣬⡣
ļԪλ档
ó˶һˡ
Ѱڡ
Ӱ֮Уһ翵Ĺ⣬ܿʧ
ʱ
ħ֮λ档
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Ӧڣ
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ٶǰ˿Ѱչ¶ǿ˲֪٣ЩεĴڣС޿ӣͷ֮У
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֪ҲҪս
ؼ𵴣ݺύ
Ƭ̺
Ӧ˽ɵ
ϣ
ѰеһĨʧתȥ

֮λ档
ʦԣһ߸δıҵȶԣһĽ١
ȷ¶֮ɫ˫ֺʮӰƮĻҽʧ
죬֮Ԫһڳо

֮λ档
֮棬֮أ
һʵĴ쳹ء
Ǻӳߺ޺Թѿ
Ѱҡҡͷתȥ

һʱѰӰڲͬļԪλУ뿪ʱֲЩԪλеĳ޲һա
ˣͷͨ͸
֮·ˣݣһݡ
һ
Ѱط֮硣
ֻ´٣ұǰ档
Ѱҵ˷ɽһʦʦ㣬Լľ˵
ǲ⣬ϵˡ
ɵѰе֪ϢʱЩȻͲᡣ
ʮ
֮ϣʵɽ˵£ѰӰһ磬ʧ


3145 
硣
Ѱٴ˽ûþͱֲڴ˽޵֪
ѰѱҪ뿪֮ĺϢ
˵δĹһǰС
Ҫˣһ棬ҿͱˣһΪѰоͺã
֪ϢĸԪλϼһϲüҡ
ǶԣѰһղߣһվʯѹģ˲òɵڡ
ͽǰ棬Ǹоֱ񼴽һһ

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ֲھŴϵ޵ǣԵһʱ䶯
̳ǰ˵Ŀⶼˢˢؿͬһط
ӰһһŮӾγŮ续Ѱ
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˻һһλæҵȲ棬˴ǰֻΪֵС
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ǼɵǾηѰǶòϣ;ϣѰ֮ϣ
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ͷ·һλǿϴ棬ͽ뿪ڵأζ΢ޱȡ
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ĿһɢŹĹ곯֮Զȥɽһڴ˶ңң֡
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أƬҝؼž
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3146  
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֮˵ͷСͽԳڼԪ֮Ϻ󣬱ͬˣǰ̣β͸Ҳ֮ӣҲ̸Ͼ岻ǡӿ䡣
ЦǺǵ磬Щ˶ƵǶߣ棬ǶǾˣǴߵͣεռ֮֮գҶԤϣ̫ҲˡˣӦ伴ɡ
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3147 ֮ ֮
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ĺϢؼ䣬ɽӲãտš
ڴ˽֮أһɽ
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游ڱչء
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ӰĿ⣬Ƶ磬Զһɬİĵ;ն·
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Ѱ֣ͬѰԪ
ԭѰѡţȵȣѰ
ԳĻ˵ţ͵ʶʲôͫȻš


3148 ɼ ɵ
עƷ
ż绮ɽӺڰӳյɫһ𲻶
Ѱû뵽ԷʶԼǴӺδ˵ҵ
񣬵ǰ󣬱̸ֵ֮£ڵ񣬷ֲ⻯еĲֵ֪֮ͬΪ
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á
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ڣеġľȡ֮Ḷ́


3149 ҵ
ݳǼѰһйһ󣬾;ֱݿնȥ
صλڻʶ֮Уݳǳһʮǳأ·;ңԶ
ѰȫŲƵĻҲҪһʱִܵ
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оͬͬȺڽжײͲɱ
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Ѱ㣬Ŀ⿴ȥкָ̣
ʿЦŹָ֣̲ҵֻǵѳէǻʹǰ飬ҵԸΪѽһ
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3150 ɱ֮
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3152 ʶ
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˵ţѳ߳
һֱ˵ͬʱѰࡣ
һŮıӰסУ㻹ţ
š
нϿϴڴ֮ɫȻ֮˭֪λСǶǿһˣε˶ڣСԣһȺں֮ڰˡ
˶٣ӷâ⣬ҷڴƾս⻯ЩϼһǶʲô˸ǣʲô˲ǣ
ԭ˰£ЦǽǾ͹սǡ
нϿԳ֮ʱֻҪСڣһβڹս
ЦЩ𣬿ҲͿˡ
̸߽ʱѰڿնƶ֮£Ŀ뿴Ϸ
ʳ⣬ư磬ɱ֮أ
ϸԶУٵֲϢһ𣬷֮¡
ᣬȳ֡
Ѱ
ڱ°ɫƮҷᵭ
룬ǿ˵ǾһΡ
ѰȻʲôģ
ͬʱ
ʳ⡣
ٶλʹ߻ݼ٣ֲڸĴ߽ԱˣһԶԶܿڲѡ
ݣ֮ʢ
磬¶ûܵסݵɱ̫ˡ
ѰĿܵס
һ̣֪иͷ
䣡
ضУλʹûκֱͣŲգɱǻʳ֮С
һֲ̣ڻʳ˶׷ڿնԶԶ
Ǹе˼ǣѰǵûߣһƾڵһ١
һĻٶλʹҲе⣬ϽԱӿʮصɱֱɱ˹ȥ
¡¡
ƬһݣУѤöĿĴԣǬɽӶĿޱߡ
ٶλʹߣÿһУһʱÿӳֳĴһǵȾ׵ľ󣬶ͬͱ
ɱ
ѣɱӯҰ
ͨƼصĴһϯ
ԶԶţûʳЩܾһ亹
ɾڴʱ
һٿ𣬳ʼͳţ󼤰ؼ価ԽĽѪڡҡΡ
һעûʳд߱ѪһĻˡ
ѰӰһӭϣգۼ׾ٵ˺ӭͨһ·̳
飡
֪ͨĭɢ಻֪жú˵طɳȥܼײ֮ص
ٿѰӰһĨһֱǰ壬޼᲻ݡﲻƣ˺˵˵Ĺֶ֮󣬽ƥļ㣬Ӳ˴С
һ·Ѫȣ
Щǿޱȵڣ˿ȴֽƵģһĨ財ԵĽ飬ŽѪ⡣
ԶԶһǲǰĽǡһ֧ӶĴʣնڵ˴лһѪߣ


3154 
һѪߣٶʹ߻۶ɵĴлҲ˽ӽʮλܵ
ǵǺԪ飬ɢɻҡ
һֲ̫
ʳһƬš
ѰӰ罣޼᲻ݣﲻƣӰվȣ˴ǻҲ
Ŀ࣬þ޷ѪһĻл
һȺУ䴩һѪ·
һģɶ̤еĴܣÿһĵнǿƥ
Ѱֵ£ȴֽ㲻
˭ţ
֮ǰǿɶ˼⣬ѰӹһɱٵģһĻ
֪ɵǺε֮
ʶУнϿ͸붼ס
͵ʶѰӵеĵԶǵʱǿ󣬸ֲ
һͬٲȻкɨ޵֮ɣ
˿ɲ֪֮УѰ֤ڣʵһ򷨹һһһѷ츲صı仯
µƳֿȭھ֮Ԩܾ֮Ϊһ
ʶһһ֮ԶѰͬɵֵ
¡
ѹֵ˴ЩʹǽɫãĶȫһ嵽ˡ
ǰʱǾ˽⵽Ѱʶ֮ɱʮλʹߣ˼ѹ֡
Ϊ˴Ǿٶһ֣ԺѰһϸߵ͡
ڿ
վǵ͹ѰĿֲ
һ֣Ѳǡ˶ڡȥԿģ
ͬʱѰЩ֣ǷҪ
һ仰Щһ£˴˵
ˣѰڵ˻ڴ˵أĳɱ֮С

£Щ־ɢһӵñ˭졣
һ֡
ѰаȻһȺں֮ڡ
һ䶷־ܣ
ʶ⡣
ĿһĻһڴ޲
һգ䴩Ѫ·ȺУ
ȷɣֱ˾ףĪ֮ƥҲ
λֿɲÿ˰ɡ
ѰǵȻڻʶ쳹
ܿ죬Щ˷ĴǣԴŸӷ½뿪
Ҳһ죬Ѱһ˵еϢڼʱھ𺳻磬Ȼ󲨡
˭Խ𣬱磬˸ȥѰΪУȥ֮ˡ

ʶС
̬ɷصѰнϿ͸жһп
ͬУɾһսȴʶǺѰѲһˡ
̫
ڻʶ죬нϿȥ
ǻ磬ҲҪΪ桱ı
ѰһεִǻʹĴС
סȵִֶҪǡءǰҡ
Ѱ̲סֶһ顣
Ѱ粻Сˡ
²һ
ѰһЦŵ٩ҵˣ֮УѲڵҹˡУԺע⣬ȡ
ȴҡҡͷϸץסѰ֣öˣøģϲָо
ָѰץסĵ¶ȣҲˣҾʹ컯֮棬ذӭȢš
˵ġ
ƥľϸһĨЦݣһƵ峺
ĵϲôѰǰΡ
Ѱ̲סһĶͷһȥɡ
һתһ
ķȭͷСΡ룬ԿɽǳϢ֮ǿ
ɨȥ
Ȼ⣬ӳֳһӰ˽̤£ǿգϸһ㰵ɫףһӢ
һɫսꪣһһ䣬ǣֱƴ˵еս㡣
˳֣Ѱҵжʱһֳڴ˵
ܾźϣ
ơս񡱣ʮǰһһţҵ֮С򡱵ڶλ
ѾǼ侪˵
֪ܹҵ롰еģҲһǧһʮ˶ѡ
ϣ
ܾźϵӰճ֣Ӷнɫꪣնһ˲ǣǳն£ֲޱߡ
˿̵ܾźɵҵɱһ֣ǵȻͬѰ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲˣϸУ׹սì̳ǡһҺƺƵ˳ӱڶ
սױ
ѰԶƬ̺
޿ɣšս񡱳ƺܾźϵĵм֮ǿᣬȳǧЩڶҪʤһߡ
ǺȣȴЩ
ڵϣִƵĴϡ
Ͼˡ֮ʱ̫֮ɺϣͷųܣҲĿֲ
ӡ
䣡
а׹սì͵£ӲܾźϵĵҵұٰŽɢ
ѰԾĿע£һɻɬĪĹӿ֣ǴԼӰԡУҫۣѤüˡ
ǻ
Ѱһ
һֵе򣬳ǿ
УյĻԽܹ࣬ʵָɱ䣬ϣʵĳѡ
ѰѾ֪Щ͡סӵĵУ
ɣܾźϵĵҵҲһŻǵڻһ컯
Ѱ£ϵϢʵı仯Ϫˮš
ѣϵĴͱ֮ǰǿһأ
ѰĶ
ˡ
أӳֳһصŻԶУңɼĸо
֣
ǴԼӰٿһ⣬һڣһж̫죬Ѱȥ˵仰
죬ʶϿգܾźϵҵʧһµĹڶ
˹ֱ֮ʮأƻʶϿղãʼطӶȥһ·繥կ
һĻҲ÷ֲڻ¸صĴ߾ǸԵĵҵУȻֳһضǿ֮
ʹһУֳһҵࡱһŹӰӰһƬ޾󣬰ɬ
Ȼĵҵ֮
ʶ
һۣʢŮǰݣԵޱ֡
ѰӰ˿̾ͳǰ
Ŀⶢһͭ¯ϡ
ͭ¯ۻ룬ͭ¯ȼڵͭ¯ıϸֳһصĻͼڡ
Ҳһҵࡱһλ뿪Ĵеһ
ֻǣѰ۲£ܹԸܵͭ¯ϢԶܾźһϢǿ
Ҳ֪Ҳܷ࣬ˡ
Ѱ룬ջǾһԡ


3155 δ
ͭ¯һ״󺺣Ӱǧɸߣļȼűҿɲĳɫ档
һֱ֣Ҫٻo

Ʒڶʮǰ뿪磬Сһʮλ
ѰĵҵУӳֳԷһЩϢ
ȻһԶܾźǰǿ󣬲һУҲƵˮ׼ˡ
Ѱа
ţ
״󺺺ȣȭѰ
һȭѰٴαϳĵֻȻǿûгǧЩǿ
һƶϣҲжϳǧǵĵҵӦڶ֮⣬֮ڡ
һ˼ʱѰɲһ̤һȦλð¹ӿֶ
䣡
ذһȭ׾ٵؽ飬ͷ׹Ʈ
ȺУǽɢǧɸߵӰݿ壬ƽǧ֮ɽ
Ʈʧ
Ѱϣһ̫׵Ĵ󣬻ûг֡
ɷֲеĵҵĿȴȱһһǧһʮ
̸ʲôʧѰһЩȤ
뿪ĴܣҵУ¹ȥеĿȴֻһǧѡ
Ȼ϶Ҳ㣬ܡҵࡱȡλ֮Ľɫ
Ƿֲڻеλߣ̫ˣ
ɴ˿ɼ֮пᡣ
ѰȤĲʶһ⡣
ʦ𷽴֮ٿա̫׵ȵЩѽĿֲڣ⻯УɿûԼĵҵ
ôǵġҵࡱǡ٣
Լҵǵĵҵ࣬һһжԾ֪⻯ʱĵжǿˡ
Ѱ뵽⣬кӿǿҵĳ嶯
ô
ǣԼԴͬľأǵĵҵжԾҲһƵĴ棡
ˣѰż⻯뿪ˡ
Ƭ̺
ѰӰʶ⡣
һƤƤſӲ֦絶ƽɭȻɱ֮
Ҳһҵࡣ
һѰǰЩһ·ǳһĻĻ
¸ǵ̫ˣܹһֹͳԦйʮŹֲѭһĽ̻ˣٲЩҸӵѪȳͻ
Ѱ
һǧֲʮŹӰǳе飬Ҳˣìܺͳͻ
ͺͲ֮ͬĶײ㡣
ܹһֵΪΪôԺ⻯ٶĵ򣬶ܵͳԦԼ
ˣ´ͬȴܹͬ
Ҳνļݲڣ
뵽⣬ѰɫЩŹ֣쵽һô´ڽ̻ҿ¾ڽ̻´ˡ


һһǡ
һ̣ѰĿ¿һ

ҡΣȻһɫٻӰ˫ָһͭﵣһͷɫƮҷϢء
£
ơʡʮǰ뿪磬ҵС򡱵İһʮߡ
䣡
սִ˫ﵣ£ʱ޾ɫ䣬ǵأϢˡ
Ѱ̧һŷհǧɣ˺ѳգҲ˺ĺɫ
飡
µٻӰҲƱ˺Ѱ㣬һΪɢʧ
ˣһ
֮·ʼ
Ѱҵóֳһǧ֡ҵࡱֲλãЩԳѰϵĿꡣ
һʱѰߣһǳءԽһɽͣÿеҵ֮أŻԶ㣬֮Ծ档
ﳤȥ
㼣һӵĳߣϳطӡ
żͣٽŲޣɽˮȻ
ʱڸ·жȹ
νУ
ǣ
֮У֮ζ֮֮£ǳҲǸ
Ѱԣ޾СްΡγ۳ңͼľһڡң״̬
ν˼𣬴ˡ
ȻأѰҲǻȻ֪䲻ϰ;У⻯˲֪ٷ˺ͻȻ

һº
ƽ硣
̫Ų֮̾ء
һ߸֮µľ޴ڣһͳص
λҸյõϢһѰ֮㼣̤黯ƹκŹڵʮȣѻʮҵ࣡
˵ģһµڡòӣƵɫ꣬ྪˡ
ӣ
һλΪѽӽԲزġ
ڴطŰ˵ӰŮ٣ÿһϢԿֲޱߣo㡣
λֱ˲ӵУȨա
Ӿǿ󣿡
ô˵ĵоȡҲԶˣ
λԾɧѡ
ожǿҲֻ֪֪ǱʮҵУǿһС򡯵ھʮ
˵⣬Ŀ⿴һߣ֣Ӧǵĵҵɣ
жһ
ӣ㲿һɲ⡣
ڻµĵҵȻһЩɵʱң롮ز֮仹кܴĲ࣬Ѱĵҵ࣬Ҳ֤ʲô
ɫĮ
֮Уڻ确ߵģǬ֣ʱеڶʮһǗ֣еھʮ
ӵ񣬴ӽһʱ䣬ͺɨʮҵ࣬ĵҵҲĶ֣Ȿ֤սĿ¡
˶٣οǰʱλǿᵽսٶҵ࣬ٳ
ɫ𲻶
ӣ˵ô࣬㾿Σ
ʵ
ĿһɨˣϣһСѰӵһһ֮СϽж
˶Щɡ
һѰѣֵ˴󶯸ɸꣿ
˳ҲǻУǵȫֲڵھ졮ƽ硯У޳ĪһȣԺɱʱһȫȥԸɡ
üͷ̲סѵ
λҲѰлɱƽʱܻð˴λЩĵעҪǿ̫࣬ʱٶԸǷЩˣ
˵⣬̾ˣȥһС㣬ϱǡ
ڴʱسһ˫ԳߴӰŶסԼѹ
Գ棡
ʱλ׷¶η֮ɫ
С㱻ߣԺԼϡ
ԳϿڡ
û߽Ҳûж˼һ仰תȥ


3156 
ԳĿ죬ȥĸ졣
оλɫ졣
С㱻˽ߣ
ѵѾ˴ǽ֮ϣ
ӣҲˣСûпٸκָʹҿ㻹ǵóס䡣

ѵȲ𣡡
ӳ̾һתȥ
ҿҲСѰһǰδеıܽ価ƿУ׵
һ۵ߗӳ
ӣ㲿ֲڵ졮İ硯ڣʱѰͽ룬Խɱ
顣
İ磬ĵ硣
һƬ޷֪Ļ磬ɷ֣ȻҲ޷ʶ̽͸Ӧǹա
ҲÿһѰִܷİ硣

µѰڻߣ뿪磬ҪӵڶֶɱС
쵽һʱ֪ˡ

ʱţҴ¹ȥ
硣
һĴϣѰԦһҶ۵ϣһƣһ߿еĵҵ뺡
һʱ䣬⻯ս¡
һԽ鲼ʮŹһ·ҵ࣬Աɨ
ֻʮҵ࣬Ѱ
֮ûкʮҵ棬ΪЩҵϢԶˣޱǿ
СǰʮڵĿֲ
Ѱʦ𷽴֮ģһϸбͼһ
֪£Ѱ𺳡
ɺ֪̫̽סλصĽͣǳϫȴûµҵࡣ
ƴ
ҲˣѰ鷴Щͳ
ʦ𷽴ֶ֮Σڡ򡱵һƼҫۺ˲á
Ǻ̫ϫǸһȣȴƺһߡ
Ѱּ˽ġҵࡱһֻĽſһϣ̧ͷ״
ȻѰŵ֪ġҵࡱȻͬлĵһ
Ѱ½̫µһ̺ѻԳ桢ٿ˵ĵҵ࣬ͬеһ
Ҳ˵֮ٿաѻԳĵҵڵһ£
ⲻ˼һĻĻѰŵĸо
£Żλϴڣڴгֲָߵ͵
Ѱ벻ס
֮Ԫ̡̡׽̡Ĵͥʦĵҵ࣬ǰʮ
ˣһЩİ֣Ҷħ桢桢ȵȣŽǰʮ֮С
ѰȴһЩĿĵ顣
ǾǣʮһľҶħ濪ʼֱڶʮĶҵ࣬Գһɡ
ҲζţӾҶħ浽ʮλڵʮһڶʮĿֲڣѾ
Ǿôģ
ѰһʱУҲߴ̽顣
õĴ𰸴Ǵš
˵Ҷħն·ϡ
˵ΪΪ̫Ч̫һŭ֮ɱ
˵Ҷħ̽һЩʱ˲ɲֻ
֮ţν˵硡
ΨһԿ϶ǣҶħЩֲڣںܾǰ䣬ԶһЩϱﶼ޷ȥ׷ʱ䡣
ȻѰ֮ûȥʮ俿ǰġҵࡱ棬η塣
Ǵٽжս
ϾһڶսͲòǰ뿪⻯磬Ļȥҵ棿
ʱѰԦʹĴӣСͨźӡιڡͨźεشһǿġҵࡱ
һͨź֮ϡ
̫Ų֮һǬ
Ѱ̽ϢУĵҵС򡱵ڶʮһ
̫ŲľλУҲߵġ
λĵҵ֮࣬ǰͱѰһһܡ
ȺһսȥĴͥʦĵҵԾ
Ѱа
Ҷħ桢ЩĴġҵࡱѰѲһһ֮Ծ
ϾЩҵҲϵΨһ֮ˣǾʹʧδ̫ϧ
Ѱһ·ɨҵ࣬Ҳٽ֮ġ
ϾЩҵ࣬ںܾǰֻЩܵڻʱĵС
ѹȥ£Щܴţն·һ·õĻעˣӵеĵУҲעѲǵɱȡ
ңڻϵߵͣӰЩԺĳɾ͡Ĳĵвǿ
Ǿĵҵࣿ
ϣѰҰпһبںˮͰڰƣӿŲɫĹӰ
ԶԶһ󽭣һǵ㣬һУƼ֮س
ͨźѻߵӰ
ƺڵȺ
һҶѰЩܽһ
ǵȷѵȴ˵غܾˣ
£Ѱս£һ·ɨ񣬻һδܣ⻯Ȼ󲨣ע
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һ·תս񣬰Ѱֵµĵҵа˰֮ǰ֮ĵҵ࣬ѲѰˡ
˸п
﷢̫࣬κ˱
ͬΪңһҵ࣬¶ŶȥѰȴ֮Աȡʵֻüͷ̾硣
˳̾
⻯ֲܣȴܺЩҵ֮ˡѰȴ£ͺɨ˰֮ڵĵҵ֮࣬Աȣ˭ܲȻͷ
λĪҪ٣Ѱ֮ߣѰ£վ޼עǲһġ
Ҳߵͬ顣
д߶ԣѰһֻĴ棬ʵ˼Ϊ̫󣬱˵׷ˣȥӽ
ЩǵĿ⣬ڹעѰĶ
˭ֽһˣ
ͬʱѰҲע⵽˴ЩߣϰһĻ
ǰЩֵĵطйսѵȺһࡣ
Ѱƺ˵ٿһʱ˵Ȼһ䡣

͵أִڵҡΣӿֳذĵ⣬һӰ೤۵ӡ
̤һֺɫգǰһĺɫƺɫߣһƾʮء

Ǭڶʮǰ뿪磬䵱ʱĵҵС򡱵ڶʮһ
ȫžдߵ񶼱
սһ
ɢƣѰü
һǿ
ȳǧӶǿһѰеУǿһ


3157 ; ֮
ǿѰѹУȴ̸ж
ȫһ֮ڣɷֳʤǿһһĵϸҲãԺóˡ
Ѱૡ

Уɫ裬ɫ籩Ѱ
ѰһƬ֮ս
¡
ߴսͨź֮ϣҲڳǵĿⶼ˹ȥ
ʮС
С
С
ʱƣսңõó󾪺
ҲһЩܺܵ
ǶѰսжϳ˿̵Ѱûгȫںĵҵ
Ŀܼ򵥣Ϊһ̽Ĵ
Ȼֱս˰ٻغʱһѰһն
ۣ
ӰɱɢΡ
Ӯˡ
Ӷ΢
ǻûг֡
Ҳע⵽ȿֲڵĵҵѰû
Ƕ𾪡
Ѱû˼ЩĵҵС
뿪һʱȥЩǰʮĽɫ棡
ֵѣҪȥλĵҵ棿
ۼѰҪ뿪׳ŵʡ
ס
Ѱһ֣ﳤȥ
ף
ڳ򶼱ˣѡ
ĵҵС򡱵ڶʮһ
׵ĵҵеھţ
Ĳ֪׵ĵҵεȿֲҲעɱȡ
ڳЩܶףһλʵġܾǰɱˡ
ȻҲǺȣվһЩ̺ͻ
ߣȥܹǧɽ׵ĵҵڴɽϡ
˴ҴҶȥ
Ҳڵ죬ѰҪȥ׵ĵҵϢҲǵһʱڻд￪

һɽС
Ѱϯضĸ
£й˰棬ÿһ֣̤һ;Ĵܣĵ;Բһȴ
棬ʤΣѵõѰʶ˼ϴ
Ҳƾ
ڣѰһʱۻ͸
ʱƣѰӿֳһϵ;ۻ뱩ҡԵ޾ء
Ȼʶǰһͭ¯֮ĵ;
һĻ˿ǷǱŻɡ
Ͼһλִ;εȼɬأһˣ˸޷аء
ڣǺĵ;ȴѰһһݺ
ûãѰȻһ䣬һµϵ;֣ĵ;ȡ֮
µĵ;˻÷ڵľ࣬ԴԴϢ֮ء
ʹǰһµĵ;
ڽʱУһһϵ;ӿѰϣ̲صİأһһ֡
һĻĻԵޱȷ˼ȥؽʮº䶯Щͬﶼеš
ϾѰֻǺЩҵйһѣȴƶԷ;ĺıʣ֮һһպ˳
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ܹǧɽ
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Ӷʱ죬ϱãԵúίλֻ˵һ˵ѣţ
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һĻûҲ㷣󣬲ſɬ૵Ѱ֮ǿʢ˹


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3159 
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ƬУѰǣݽߣǼϸһĿĵѪܵĽۡ
ս죬ѰԽٿյĽ棬ջʤһѱ;ƿݡ
ЩƣѰ⡣
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Ѱǳ鴤һ£Цѡ
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˲Ϣѣػ̫ͼУԳһһеĽѰ
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ײ쳹ѰȭһѹŽδ¯㣬ӲԳеĺڰ˫ϡ
󣬴˫ը
䣡
ǻ̫أֱ类ֽмɢһա
һƬУԳǸߴ֮Ӱ֮ɢ
ٿѰ为࣬ȴ罣գŲƣ


3160 ӵʤ

硣
Գϥ˫ǰһһף໥ӳ
׽ƽ֡
ڽ족
̫𣬾˵ǷĴ
ԳԣֲҪҪһԵ;һ֣սԪҲڿС

Ҳ֪ΪҪССܻǵС㴳ߡ߶У
ԳָĦһԵ˼⡣
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У̫ķѾŸԪԴ֮Ϊѻϵһ̤Բز
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İšɱϢǳӿֶǬ
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Գĵҵ࣬һн̫֮
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һһΨ;һֲ˼ĵزʱ˵С
䣡
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ͻܳٿաԳ治һܺѻδѰ̫ʱ䣬Ϊսһʼͽ뵽ҵĲУݲѰκ֡
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սȴûѰҲЩţϾһֱֶеȴ
һ˵ڴ
ڴ˽磬ʦĵҵ඼ܣӦǿǡʤɣ


3161 ͷ
һƬɽҰ䡣
Ѱϥϵ뵣ɡ
ܺѻĵҵѡгУûżȥսʦ𷽴֮ͽĵҵ
ΪѰʶһ⡣
ٿաԳ桢ѻˣ⻯ʱ;һһĵز
ǵĵУȴڵʱƿ޷Բز
Ƿζţһһֻ֮ǡִ֮
Ҫ̤˾ԲزΪסָڵ;ʵͻƣ
򷨹һһ֮Ϊһ¯¯֮;ɴܻģͬҲ֮
УѰ˼֮֮㣬֮࣬׷䱾Դǵ籾Դ֮Сǻ籾Դδôģ
ȵȡ죡
͵أѰһ𣬻籾ԴԴûеĴΪ޵߲ȴ֮
ܰ쵽һܹڴ֮ϣʵ֡С
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һҲѴڵĹء
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䡰ޡģǷ죿
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조䱾ޡ֮
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Ϊδ˽ٻڼԪ֮ʱӿ֣
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ЩߺѰжʱһֲƼհ֮С
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ĹУԼĵ;Ҳؽʵɱ䣡

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أһãӿֳһǷĵ;һǿ仯ӿֳǳǺӡ޾诡
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ķһ֮ϣƬƬҶƮ棬һȼյĻںˮе
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3162 ʵ
ҶɿϿգ
Զսǣڣɫ㱣˼ܵ׹һ½ξС
ξޱȵʵǸԷƻصʱʱ⣬һĻĻϣ
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ˣ
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Ѱһ
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һºƽ
ѰĬˡ
ʵ棬ǽǰյĵ;
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ڶĵĽиһöӣȴضסü¶һĨɫ
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ӻȥЦһ֣ҵĸԸ䡣ҿû뵽С֮ľزҵʵ֮ҲΪѵˡ
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лн
Ȼ
֮Ц⵱ʦģΪԼͽкνԺһʱǡ
һ˼ҿҪĿԴˡ


3163 б ̨
Ҷɿڡ
һڴܴʱŷѰѲ֪ںʱ뿪
λǷ񻹼ǵã̫뿪⻯ģ
أ˿ڳ
˵̫׵ִﻯʱֻʮִҵ̫һһ֮棬赭дʤʱ֣̫ͬױ⻯ϰʱ䡣
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
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ҲΪִǲãѰµĴ͵̫Щƣ
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ڵѰ͵̫ױȣ
̫ױһԲĴ֮һ֤Ѳ֪жټԪУҲ֮ȼ簡
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⡭òʦҵһ׮컯ɡҲǴʱѰԺ鲻Խֳһͷ


3164  ͨ
̺֮ϣѰεӰ貵УȻ
ľȴڷı仯
ľ¯תŴ󴫳УԷ֮ĴȴһĴ֮ľǧĽ棬ʼһųƥĹ⡣
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ѰľУȴӳֳһĻĻ桪
һӰĽֻͣعӰУ۷ɣo㣬ǰӳһƬڣӿֵĽȫӿֻعӰ
һطһ񣬱Žװ㣬ڻ糤֮ϣÿһ¾ͻӳֳһĪͼ
ڸԶһһϮۣ¹ӣƮһƾӨ͸ĽĿ֮࣬ɳҲȴٲ֣Ȼϡ
Ӱӳֳϰķ緶ӦһУѰľҲ
λ֮ϵĴڣ֮ԲΪܲסǵĵҵ
ڣѰʷĸ֮ϵ޵ߣ
ʶһ㣬Ѱӿ˵ĸжů⣬֪ʦȫԼ
ʦĵҵ࣬ԼľͨšĵزԼϲ˶ʱھӵȵ;
죬Ѱһ
𣡡
һ̣Ӱ⣬һƬްĻ޾
䣡
Ȼһֲڴ˽Ĵߣа㣬֮ϡ
ͼǸ֮ϣһĨصĵ֣һףͷųϰƣ
⡭
֪Ŀɿڴ
䣬ֳһ֮ϵĵ;
Ѱһ
һĻĻһ籩Ȼ֣ŰϯÿУõǶ㱡
Ѱ뻯񣬲Ųʮ¶ѣȴڴеһϵ漣
Ǵ˿̣ڼ֤һС


3165 һ
֮ϡ
ѰмͷţһصıԴӿ֣貵ĹƵģѰӰԡС
ʱѰ͸ܵһɻ
νǵеһԡԽ࣬еĵоԽǿ󣬾Խϣڴ˾ʵռѡ
ֻǣѰܿͲԼЩһ
ΪУδ̺򣬶һĻ籾Դ
Ϊλᱻ
ԭڣǵڻ籾ԴУġʵ㡣
ڣѰȡȴǹʵǵʵһɱԴ
Щֱʯ쾪㣬Ѱľһ
Ļ籾Դܹͺʹһûʲô𣬶ԼܹһĻ籾ԴζţֻҪأԼҲܴһ
һ뵽⣬Ѱ޷ˡ
ǰõʱ˼δ֮;ΪֻҪȥıԴҵ𰸣֤һ;Ƿеͨ
ڣĻ籾Դܾͽ֤һ㣡
һѰƽ
ϥʼǲӿĻ籾Դأһ˵ӿͷ
ЩǣԴ֮أɬޱȣѰԣܸ򵽣ȴڶʱڽ͸
ֱһʱ
һɻ籾ԴűѰ
ѰӴʱһĵѾʵͻͽɱ䡣
ĵ;Ϊģһ¯ʵ֡һһ֮
ڣһɻ籾Դһȫµɱ䣬ı仯һ;Ҳ֮仯
ѰԼû뵽ڻ棬һԵ֮
ǰԸܵȻԼֻڣԼӵеĵ;ȴѾӵ˳Խεĵ̣
֪ѾӽԲĴˣµѰܻ̣֪һԵı仯Ǻε֮
ңҲʱѰڸҶ϶֮Ǵڵģ̲ıԴУ
̫ϫλڵ꣬ҲѿһˣڵĵУеκһǶûʸˡ
żֻǻ磬еǻȥȡĻ籾Դ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣㳤Ŀһɨ£еʱӳֳطľ
ǻ籾ԴȻȻѰ⻯Ļ㣬׾ٵظӦ˽һж
λǰĳһټʱλһơ
Ѱпڡ
ͬʱֲڻенϿ롢θһϹУѰ
һ󶼲Ϲ֣ĬСѱأ
֮ϣѰЦЦһʱһŻǰӿ֣ѰŲ룬Ӱʧ
ϵ֮أѰĵҵࡪ
һϮ°ӰΣ桢桢컯Ӱ£ͷһεͼתֳϴİ塣
Լ䣬һģӰ沢棬ɢıԴϢ
ֻ̫ģԵ֮
Ѱĵҵ಻Զǳϫ̫λĵҵ࣬˴˲棬Ҳ
ȻһоԺгһգܹڴٴ֮ϣлһۡ
죬䶯
ʮ£Ѱתս˰ೡɨȼһĵҵ֮࣬ϣ
һƿ漣
Ϊǽֵǣ˵У̫׵֮ϣȴڱ֮󣬲ſƻأһٿŶȥ
ڣѰȴȻûܵκ谭֮ϵĵ죬ҡȥ
˶ԱȣͣԼжϡ
˭ĶԱ̸ж塣
ϾѰԱȵģǵ̫ףǶѾܾúܾǰ顣
̫ףһϰĴڣųǿ

ڻ飬Ҳʱھʹ̫ŲľλС
ڵ֪ϢλӵС֮Ĵڣκˡ
ݻ֮ϣ
ζţѰĵ̣ѲѷɫڵڻµҵʱĽ
죬Ѱһ죬λҲˣ֮кεֲѲٵȥɱھƽʱһжˣ
ɫء
ĻѰյִﻯ󲻾þ˵ʱ˲ȴ⡣
ڣ֪Ѱ֮ϵ׳ٺӵⷬ˲ʶص˵ͷ
Ҳе̬أ
ڵڶ确ֶ硯УûκζֵĻᣬҪԸͱӵ确İ硯֡
Ǭڡ
˵ʱĿ⿴㲿ӣӣİУ㲿µǿڶ࣬İУأһеʶӦѰֻҪ룬ͺϹûʲô𣬵ʱ㲿Щ¾ͿԶˡ
ӵ˵ͷصȫԸ
˶٣Ŀһɨλµֱ𲼾ڵ絽ڰ֮䣬ѰһлŽеĻᣬλɲκγɡ
һЩԵ˵ͷ
ҲüС㵱йѰϢʱδ˵ȥֹͽɱӣôЩԽ޴ң
˵ࡱ
С㵱ʱ˵ѰһҲ伫ȤѾڸǸˣ
࣬ʱ˭컯ǰУҲûнʮԪ֮ǰ֮ˣ
ɫ΢䣬ԲΥķּɹؼǣڽСҲڽߣûκжһ
˵⣬ز˿ĿⶼѴͲʱһЦˣҴӦһжǡ
еǰԵͬġ࣬򣬸޷ǰУһȻһЩ⣬ҲӰ첻Ǿˡ£ǾŲµȥһѰͣкβɣ
˶٣ЦοΪҪ齨̫ŲĿĲҪЩΪЧΪ£ǾǶԽĴ󲻾˵ǽԳС㶼һĲ㣡
ɫһ䣬һ׸ôϲλˡ
ӡӵ˶һۣԵ˵ͷ
ǽûע⵽۴ʱǴ⣬һ˫Գ
һֱĬ


3166 ֪ô
ֶ硣
һƬֻƵڶ硣
еֻǴֽ٣׽٣ӵвڵĻܡ
׽٣з硢ˮΣޱȡ
񣬵˽Ĵܣ᳢ȥ̽˽磬Ϊؼֲֶʵ̫ˡ
ৣ
죬ѰӰƾճֶһƬԭҰϡ
Ÿճ֣һƬǵصĳɫɳ籩ϯʵ˲
ѰһʱܣԶԶŲƿɸովûãͻȻݣ񱩵ĺɫˮֱƺˮŷɢϢ͸ſֲĸʴ֮
ѰòٽŲƣжȻֶĵδҲ̫Щɡ
Ȼܸܵǳɫɳ籩ѹյĺɫˮ֣ԳвϢ
һĽɫ治þֵܵͻ⡣
Ѿʮˣѵȵý˰ɡ
һѰĸӦ
ڻֿʱһöŷһִֶ󣬱ԵһʱӦλá
Ƭ̺ѰһӰƾŲƶȥ

һʯϣ˫պϣСһƬʥ֮ɫ
Զһɽɽݲлҝɽ£ԼɼɽӰ
ÿһӰڴɽͬλϣһ
ÿһʱ䣬ܼӰɽһξ룬ͣͲԵüŹ֡
ɽǡء
ҪأҪɽԽ
ֻҪ˹أȴǰ׵ġ
Ϊ̤ϴɽĵһ̤֮·˼룬һͷԻ׹ֻذ쾳Уֻܴѣܴ֮·ѣӶء
޷ѣһֱ֮·ϣʱŶһɢֱ
Ϊζ
У·϶ɵӣҲ
ʱǰҲŲӰ㣬δȥأǶڹƵȴʲô
Ҳеĺһɢڲͬдޡ

أԶһӳһϮϽۣʣɢŵϢҲǾ֮
£
ӣƵģȴ͸䵭֮⡣

ǰһһŵĪЩ̣һֵ¶٣ʵڹһִ˵ʱע⵽Ƕһߣ¶ѹȥʮʱ䣬ȴٳٲǰأĪô
ֻڵˡ
ɫ񾲣۾俴Գƶٵӣȴһ˿
ش˱ܡ
ȴЩģŶʹڵȺˣ
θɣ
ü
⻰ͺܲˣ͸źεų͵ִɫ֮ɫһֵ߶ˡ
ת뿪
±
ʮ֪жǰڨжЩˣʵڲףԵ޹ʣ˴˲ʶЩ޵ĵҪԼ̸˺
ûʶһж̫ǵˣΪһ֤ܹӻŶִصŮӣصʺ͵ϣԵֵ
ãЩвʣҲʶȤϾǻ˲֪µĴڣ˭ҲͷһȡһЩǿӲֶΡ
ʱϽ۵飬ٹעһĻĴܶЦ
ӦǵʮŸ˰ɣ
˵٩
Ҳ֪Ͼε˵ķۡ
˸п
ûλ˵ôڵˡ

ҿɵҪλǺηʥһλڴ˿ȴֱ̣
˷Ȼ
ڳĿҲ棬ЩߵľƽŮӣڵȴˡ
ȻʲôɫҲȻλΪλһִȴ񶼻ûܴӻ뿪
ҿǹ֮ˣҵȶ硣

ɾڴʱӣУҪǿǧٱ
һţ˶Цҡͷ
λ˼ȻǿΪȴ񲻼
ͼ֮ǰڨɵϽӶٽסһֱ磬ѵҪһӲɣ
ġ
⣬ͷ·˵һ쾭顣
Īأӿһɲʣ˵һֺļأ
ҵȡ˼
ɫһã̾治֪˵ļһ˭ҼҪһɣ
δ£ԶһЦҪҽ
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ٺ͸ܶһ
Ƕ㵵ǣʱʮһֱϥʯϣӰŮӣȴһʱϣ¶һĨĵϲЦݡ
ЦĶˡ
ʮˣڳЩܿûмŮЦһΣ
жЩζȻͿ˴ԶƾһӣһϮ°忡Ȼо֮
ȻѰ
õˡ
ѰЦԴһ˿Ǹ⡣
ʮ¶ѣʲô
ݹ续İϾڲסȻЦ⡣
һĻĻԶһڡ
Ѱ֮ǰ˵Ҫ
תָԶϽӶ١
һ¶һĨЦݣȷ˵ģԭܼ򵥣Ϊλﲻֵңɶϲ¿һȴʮ¡
ԴǼ䣬ʹϧ֮⡣
Ѱһ£˿ߵЩԶĶٹֵֽѵĶԡ
Ҳһ£ߵȻ㿴ƵǸˣվдȣɣдһأ͵λ㿴Σ
ʵһԣѰʲôͣķġžһ΢Ĳ
üҪ˵ʲôͱѰЦסԩ޳𣬴ɱɱ಻ã֡
˵꣬پʹϵԣҲң
⡭
Ѱ̾һǾԸ
ãˣ
ٴЦһɣһͣҲ۸㣬Ǻߣ֡סҪȫ䶼֪ôģ
ðɣ
Ѱɡ
ϻʲô־ͳ֣
Եʹˡ
֣ҪСˡ
Ѱ˵ͷ֣̽һ
䣡
ԭĶ٣ֻľɽѹ˲Ϣұ
ɫ䣬һмת
Ѱһֱ֮ľ֮ϣֵܵ
飡
˲ϢͼһֱӵڵأУ䣡
ȫ㵣š
ôˣ
һ뵽֮ǰٻԣѰȳ֣ѰҪȫ䶼֪ôģڳЩжһ˵Ĺ죬顭񷴹˰
ʱѰѽǸȻ֣ûܿƺܾˡ
ûпƺ
ȫߴǳ鴤ˡ


3167 ֮
ܹһҵ뻯ŶֶĽɫȻԶѰɱȡ
ǵ֪Уٵĵѿƴ˾еĶ⣬롰ҲԶ
ȴһ֮£ٱˡ
Ȼ𺳡
ٿѰʱڳЩ̬ܵȻ仯
֣֮ǰˡѰǰٷ
ɫһ粻òſЦֵ֮ǰҲˡ˶٣һһۣԺǧλõˡ
ѰЦŵͷ
߰ɡ
Ѱ
һѰһ𣬲糯Զȥ
Ĵܶٸ⣬ǴֱӴأ
Ŀⶼ뿴ȥ
ɽۻ룬Уɽ·ϻ޵ߵӰһʯ
ء
̤ϴɽ͵̤һ֮·ĻֻذľУ񣬲֪޵߱ڴˡ
֪жٵ޵·ɵ
Ѱ̤ϴɽӰһͣܵһɻɬصϡ
ϢѰޱȵϤֱͺеġֻ硱Ϣһޣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳܵˣǰҹʣ֮˿̵һת֮塣
ܵϢҲеİ
ֻصϢ
Ѱһۡ
ûе飬ɽ·ʰ׶ϣһ·ϣֻصϢУϳ˵
ңӰԽԽߣֻصϢԽǿֱƴɽкµϺˮ㡣
ڣѳܲס
ȴסѰĲ
ֱɽλʱֻصϢŰķ籩
ȴѰۻӶϼһڴԨ¡¡Уֱӽǳֻط籩ûһգ丵βʣ
һҪ˲ֻ֮У
Ѱҡͷֻֻ̺عƤëѣԶеġֻ硯ǰ֮á
̸ʱ߼ߣܿ͵ִɽۣ˵ӰҲʹʧ
زԶ
ٵһڴܶǡ
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У𻯷ķ紫ˣ
Ҳ˸пꡣ
ʲôѰ
һʶղһ֮Լ˭˶޷ˡ
Կ϶Ѱ϶Щŵִﻯ磬ȴӵȵУЩϹܵ

ԽغѰӰһƬҝؼ䡣
͸ŹԭʼϢԼɼһѤõϼ⣬ڻϢ뵣ȻͬĹʡ
ϸǺȻһߵӰ
ЩɢƬصĲͬÿһϽɢǿʢĴơ
ǰһ硱
Ѥöʵĵ⣬ǴЩǰġ硱ɢõĻҝأҲɫʡ
ǡء
ִ˵ߣУǣֲƬеĻ籾Դһ硱
硱ϢܹƬصĻ籾ԴӡƬУܴӴ˵뿪
ڻʱѰ˽ЩϢҲ⡣
֮νȥһӯ硣
Ѱǣ˵Щܹء޵ġ硱ữ磬컯֮ıԴеһԪ֮У
棬̫ˡ
Уһ磬ȴ컯֮ıԴеһԪڵ磬ǣİأж񲻿˼飿
Ѱ뵽Լǰеġǿչŵǧ硱硱ȵ磬ʱ򣬻Ҳ⡰ءУһЩߵģ
ԣˣЩĴ磬ҲֻһӶѣĹؼ컯ԴӶϲѿĿܡ
Ѱ
컯Ȼ컯Դıʰأ˵컯֮ǸԪĸ컯֮
ƾЩġ硱ֱӾͻһԪе硣
ѰԾǣ컯֮֮Ҳйģ
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С֮
棬С籾Դ
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ˡ
Ѱ˼ʱƬУزһһ翪ٵض
ͼԶطһ뷢ѩ׵Цķǧ֮Ϸһ֮磡
оǿοϲá
ǰһ硱ѻһ貵ʧǻ
صѣ
һף˷
뷢ѩ׵߱ȭķлӰٿƾʧ
ȻѴˡ
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֮ǰλֻѣڹдص޵Уˡ
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ң
Ѱһ£ЦҺλһͣ½ŲЪһЪѡ
ƺ㣬ͷųƴڡңɵ˾ŷ֣кܶɼ飬жԹ֮֮ۡҲκ͵ͣЪһЪǰס
ѴԴơѰЦų


3168 һ ƮȻȥ
λѣǳէҲһһģ
ߣһ̬ӵЦ롣

ѰЦŴӦ
ֱǰϯضЩ̸
ܿ죬˴˶֪˶Էֺ
֪Ѱ˷֮ʱǺƻȻ㣬ԭһ
ȻǶ˵йѰ¼
ѰóһЩˮЩ̸ܽĵĶǺйص顣
ܿ죬Ǳ˴Դ֪Ѱڽ̸ʱҲżд֮С
ԺǶԣѰ˵һЩԴ֪ҲǶ岻ѡ
ֱãѰЦܹλʶƶ̸ҶԣʤϲطʱصλѾԻ
ȻֵѣĪд˹صİգ
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ѰһƬӰ

Ѱ
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Цſڡ
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˿Ц
λŹ鷢
˲ʡ
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˶ҡͷ
һʱ䣬ˡ
ɣλ׳ٸˣҪ߸ǵ֪

ֹЩܣѰԼ⡣
ԭǴģаգɵǣЩ籾ԴƬȴԳĵУڸĻᣬͽŲƴߡ
Ǻյ컯йأһڴܻһʹѿʵһ硭
Ѱ˼
ѰͿԼһǰӷƴƺƵ޾С
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Ѱ˹ȥ
ô죿
Ҳ⣬ŸѰͽųˡ
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3170 
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3172 꽣 Ե

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ӽ뻯һͻƹΣõλ籾Դںʦ𷽴֮ĵҵսУľʵ֡ͨšɱ䣬ҲڴУÿһϵϵ;
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ˮеͯҪȥǽͣľѹİ֮ȪıԴܹ˳ԣҶԣ㻯֮Եȥ


3173 ľ

Ѱ࿴Եһۣǽֻޣ㼴뿪Ļᣬȥ
ԵֻҪȥңȻҵġ
Ѱһ£ߣȥİ֮Ȫ
Ҳ棬ǽѹİ֮Ȫеľ

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һ·ϣԵţؼɢȥѰ档
ǵڴ˽籾ԴеĹ֮棬ԵƿصԺܹѹ޵ʶӦԴһ
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3174 Ե
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ֱͦӰɫǰδеƽֵѣԶˡ


3175 ׷ݹȥ Ͽ»
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ʲôҲͼˡ
˼ѰأǻصȥҪȥһЩʲô𣿡


3176 ط
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷźûڡޡΡʤҶԣľ
룬˵ҵĴԣĥɣҲ̸ʲôȱݿֲġ
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ҲڴʱѰУٴߵĿⶼ˹Ĳ



3177 
Ҳע⵽ЩĿ⣬ȴ벻⣬ЩһΪ̫ЩһﶢϣҲٸ̤Ͽ³ˡ
Ѱʱ׹ЦǡãҺǰ̫ŲΪУţҵʶʶжˡ
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һƴӲ֪ɵΪ

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3178 ̤
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3179 ֮ʼ
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3180 ֮
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ѰָĪĽɫսꪴ飬մꪵĽɫӰǱһġ
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δ۳һ˽ɫսꪣնʱȴǣһƬֲޱߵĽ֮⡣
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ڣǽɫӰʩչ
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ɫӰݺݵɣվȾת֮ȥ
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һУѰ͸ܵһİĹϢͬάϵһĵ㡣
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أѰʶУһʧȥ˶ǽɫӰĸӦͷ·Էһʧ˰㡣
룬ѰǰУûãͿ·ĳڣƵתš
ֻһѰ֪ǽɫӰǴ뿪
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ѰϵһһȳС
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ѰľһƵĺײ貵ĵɽɢ
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Щ޵ɫѿ䱻ΣڵϦȴһԲ
ѰüҪ˵ʲôһºʵЦӼԶߴ
ѰҿѾܾˣ֪ʲôұǡ
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ɻ谵УȴƯĻţһ۶ͷ
˵ĸоͷǳƻ׺ǣȼգɢĹҲǿаɫһ
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̨޳ĵطΪϥϵӰ̨ʱһ˵ϣ֮ϣ㾡ͷã翡
ӰһϮۣ¹࣬һƾӨ͸ĽɳҲٲ֣Ȼϡ
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˵ںܶԪǰͱλ͵Ľѹһؽ
ʱ̨ϵ̧ۿѰºͣγЦ⣬
СѲؽţҲزģұڵ㣬ԻΪ⿪ɻ󡣡


3181  е
հؼ֮Ļţƺֻʣϥڵ̨ϵ̫׺͸ոյִ˵صѰˡ
̫ĻѰ⣬ڵң
ԣȷе˵ǰģֻҵһ־
̫ģ̸Ͽȴһ°񣬶ƺ䡣
ϵϢҲºƽȻ˸ܲκһ˿ѹֺ͵⡣
ѰɲСԷ
½ֻһ־࣬ɵ䱾̫ʱڵвͱȫһˡ

Ѱʡ
̫Ц˴ǰѾ츳пܴ⣬ʶŻǰ׷ԴԷ񣿡

Ѱδϡ
̫֪ôĹ벻ı仯ֲɲҲ֮ӶӰ쵽㵱ǰӵеĵ;
һ̣Ѱʶһ⡣
ǰ̫־࣬ƺʶΪԼǴԴġӡ϶
뵽⣬ѰһĬֱԵ´ˣƾ֮۶ҵĹκӰ죬ҲȻ޷Ӱ쵽ڵĵС
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ϧһжȥҲѹһʱ䡣
ãϻгϫиѪҲҪҶһֵ϶Ҵ㣵Ľ
˶٣΢΢һЦĿ⿴Ѱڣһ㡣ˣ¡еУա
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Ƿøең
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̫Цѣɲأ͵ģԣڵĵ;ɻΪҵĶ֡
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Ѱδκβ죬ˣڻ㱾Ķ֣־ҲҵĶ֡
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̫ʣԴһֻ졣
ұУˡȴѿϣɹıʺԴȴ
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˵ţָָ̫ؼĻţ㿴Щڴ˵츳ÿһÿһ̶µ츳ҲһЩ츳֮ʧ֮
ѰۿȥǳȼյĻţһӱòһˡ
츳
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Ѱ˽ϢУУû˸ðȻ̤УΪдգ߱
ΪӦȴգϫ֮ЩŻݷС
ʶѰ֮ǰĴ⣬ҲֻǴ⡣
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Ϊ㻹ִȥӦصϢ
̫ЦЦлӴ˵뿪Ҳȥһ¡
֮ǣ뿪ˣһж̸
Ѱһ־ѣȴңҲ²ⲻǺҵ츳йذɣ

̫γƽ̹ȻǰĿģȻΪ̽ԨԽǡþ֪Ԩȱ
Ѱͫ΢΢Уͽ̡
̫룬˵⻹Ҫ֮˵𡣺ܾǰҵһνʱõٷ˼컯ģ֮ۡ
γз׷֮ɫʱǻãΪӦصգ֪ǰ̽·һʶһֱðȻǰֲľʹֹǾ;Է֮ȥһԡ
һʱ䣬ұǧÿһԲͬķʽǰ̽Ѱһ⣬ЩûٻӦǶѾʧˡ
ҲģڽʮУÿʮǰز̽
˵⣬̫ǸпÿһζʧܣʧܶѻʱҶܴ
˶٣ЦˣãҲϳԵĵʮ꣬ڳת


3182 ҹʵ
ʮĳԣʮʧܣڻһת
̫Ļ⣬һ붼Ȼ
ӵжͺģŻΪһ¶ʮꣿ
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ĽɫԵУҲɺܿ¡
ȴ̫һ죬ݴȴӦ̧ͷʱͼһŻϢͭ׷ӶȻ֮ˡȻڵʱҲ֪ȴҿ϶һ׮컯
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һ룬ӵдԨ츳츳Դȴĸ૑Ҳͨ죬ӵ֮ҹʡ
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Ż˰˰ҷһЩҲҵҹʵıԴ
̫һĨ΢Ѱֱ֮ԴǴԨ츳ĸԴڡ
ڸѰѶ쵽ԨıʰأѰԣһв
Ͼ֮ʱԨ츳Ӱһ˹켣
ĬƬ̣Ѱʵ־ڴ˵ȴӦòֻΪгһյˣЩɣ
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֪ôߵ·ϣҿ޾ĶѪȡѡѰ޵߶ԣ˲֪ٴΣȴܹΪģϵ漣׳٣Ҷòϣȷһǰδеı
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ܼ򵥣СϵõһЩ֮ۡԨ츳λĹ
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Ѱѷ⣺ɱ
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ɱףΪϣȡᣬ벻⣡


3183 鱾Դ
ʱѰ̫ء
ȻǴ·ϵĵˣɶԷķɡȽԿƾ
һ̣֪̫ͨУѰȴ޷޺
޿ɣ̫һᵭĮĶ֡
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˵ţȻ⣬ӰһӱߴһݵĿֲϢ֮ɢ
䣡
ҡΣƳƬǵĹһӱգȫ̫ġ
һ˵ļ֮ӿѰȫλ֮ص츳Ҳڴ˿̲Ī궯Σսٵޡ
˽Ļ籾Դ˴Ԩ񷣬ƿش˵ػ籾ԴֻҪһѹƺͿƴӴ˽絮κ츳֮
ȻƽУ̫ظһץȻҲСĴԨ񷣡
䣡
ѰȻһеֵͶԿ׼ɵһץֶ֮ɸܵĳѹȡ
ԥһӣ޾ӿ֣Ӳסһץ֮ײƬض͵һ𣬸պȻ˷ݡ
УȻһѰסȴֻ֮͵زһʹе츳类߬סݺݳקȥ
ǾʹֱҪڸƵġ
Ѱɫ΢䣬ɣһץ֮츳
ΪҪǣƾתһУȴ޷ѹסԭڣԨ񷲢ڵֿǷƼҪԼ뿪
СѣֵסģִƵĴԨԣĸͱԴȻѹƣ£Ҳֻȥ
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һ䱻ߣǶѰĵжԣԻĳش
ϾĵԨİ壬Ϊ;һ֣ߣ;ؽزȱ
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ǣһȫοԨ֮ʼĸԴԴûˣ̸ʲô
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һӳֳƸǿֲޱߣ̫⶯ݡ
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̫΢΢һô˵СϻĻ᣿

ѰЦ̤գ̫
Ҳڴʱһ񱩵ǲһ˵ı仯һԡӼƼɵ
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ͻһĻٸ⡣
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飡
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Щǵڴ˵ص츳ڣȴѰ̺ȫɨһĻ̫Ӷһ
ڣ㻹ʦѪô
ѰȻڡ
̫̾ȻһǰδеıҲ²ⲻܱסԨ񷣬ʹ֮ɱ䣬ӦǺйأԷ񣿡

Ѱٴ̫ɱ
ȴֵ̫սԻʧڴˡ
Ѱȴδ֣ͣһȭƿ
̫ٸ⣬Щ
飡
ٴαɳȥͷɢǱӰֳɢļ־ڷʧ
ղ㲻ǺʹôҲʹʹˡ
ѰȻڡ
̫΢΢鴤һ£ҡͷ̾Ϣһ־ѣƽϣ
䣡
һ̣ٴαɣ峹ױûɢˡ
ⲻǼƽϣкܲҵȳһС
Ѱڵ
˼
ȴ̫ЦұȵģıСѣִʱҿҲҪһڶ
ڻصӰѳ׻ɢʧ
ѰվȭͷЩźһ־ǿ󣬿ȴЩ򰡡

һѰĿ⿴ܡ
֮ǰǺĻ䱻ûһգڵУѾһ㵮֡
ѰӦڣЩûĻţԻ˸ָ츳飬ʤ
ѰһתʱЩ츳Աһһһƴ͸Ļ籾Դ뵽Ѱڡ
ʱһ˵ӿѰͷ
̫ûƭңƬصĻ籾Դȷܹ͵츳츳ĸ壬֮ǰ̫ʹͽҵ츳ߡ
ãѰ૳
ֻ籾Դɳǡ顱
Ϊ鱾Դĳ֣Żòͬӵ˲ͬ츳
ҲǴ˿̣Ѱף̫ΪλƬΪһǡ
Ϊ⸳鱾ԴȷǣصһЩУ


3184 ͱ
Ѱһ˼⣬һŲ̫֮ǰĵ̨ǰ
˵̨½̫Ĵ֮£ѱǷ˵һ޵ߣϴҲܸӦЩضĵۡ
̫˵أ򵽵츳˽⵽Դһǲ֪ǿ˺εȵز
Ѱ룬һӡ
ǰ̫ġ̨ʱҷ𣬳ʧ䡣
Ѱתȥ
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3186 ȼ˵
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3190 ܵ

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ڼ䣬һͷƤëѩף¹¹̬ýݵС޳֣شϥʯϵѰ
ƺѰûΣգѩС޾˸УɽˣѰʯԱߺ˯
ѰȻСһδᣬԹԾĸ
һ
ѩС޲̵ֻشԶӴܶһȶһȳһȳģѪ죬󷽣һ޴ȴһľ׷
ǾĴ磬ƺżɱѩСޣǰһ·׷ţèϷӡ
ھѰ֮ʱѩС޷һ󼱴ٽ
ԼڵأƳ׷˰㡣
ڴʱһֱܵѰкӿ˵ĸп
ˣѩС޵ڸԼȣѺʹߴԼϽߣ
ѰݵǣСһ֪ˣԻޣΪѰʱ䣡
𡫡
ƾ޴£ſѪڣѩСȥ
Сһˣĳ˵
ѰȻ۾
һ˲
Ʊסһֵı𣬶Ӵͨһ׹ڵأɪɪ
ҽԵϾؼ䵮飬ĳ㲻ԽԺһ޷ԽСһȺĺᡣ
Ѱ˵գҲǾûһӡ
ǾӴͱƾŲƴߣʧڼԶɽ֮䡣
ʱѩС޲γƵģ˿ܣսĿ⿴ѰһȳһյسѰµɫʯ߶һ˵ӡ
ҽԵҲܿˡ
ѰЦЦ̧һѩС˵Ⱦͻָ
ͬʱѰʳָյѩСü֮أһѩСӡС
ǸԣУʹܹ֮ӦϣԴԺٲѰ֣ܹɱ֮·
ͬʱѰΪΪѩ¹
ѩ¹գգ۾оԼƺˣȴƺʲôָо
ɺܿ죬ͲЩѰʯ֮˯ˡ
һ̿ʼѰʶ㣬Ƭδ֪֮С
ܿ죬Ƭδ֪˺ֵӳѰС
ڣ
Խ𣬱Ѱ˽磬޽УԸ飬ԿϸΪ֮
׵ķּһһ䣬쳹Ƭδ֪磬֮С


3192 ̫ϳ
¡
󣬺ػһɫʣһһľ޲ӵ飬ֳǰδеϺࡣ
δ֪һУڱ壬ӵиԵֺԣҲ̺ȻͬС
ǻľҶ͸ӿֳĺۼǷ޵ƤëѪ֮УҲӿĴϡ
ʯɳᰡ١桢硭ȵУҲӿֳĵۡ
Ḷ֮́á
Ѱ̲ˣԼ֮ǰ򵽵Уƶ֮Ƿ֮ȵȣҲɴ˽һһ֮ۼС
ˣ飬ʹ֮Ϣваء
ˣӦ㹻ˡԽ𣬴˽ͽСԨ硯ɡ
ʯϣѰֶһк
Ḷ́γڴһ
ϸѭ֮ʱƣػܻ㲻˼ϵӶܻ
гһգܹȥ䲻й֮иóֳεȲ˼󣿡
Ѱ档
ã£˼׼뿪ע⵽ʯԵѩ¹֪ʱһ峺ɾ۾ԼƲԼҪ뿪¶˿˿Ĳᡣ
ǰСһһɶسȻԣӻجج֮пǰ㡣
СһԺлᣬһȥ컯֮ġ
ѰЦſڡ
Ѳ򵽶Ļ籾Դ˽⵽ԼƬδ֪磬ҲֶĴһԺг컯֮ļԪС
֮ԺѰ뿪棬ǰ컯֮ʱܸӦԼԨ硱
ܷټѩ¹Ǿ͵ÿԷǷ񻹻ˡ
ѩ¹ƺһԾԴ˲Ѱȣһǰȹأߵڵأѡ
ѰˣСһڸлԼġ㻯֮
ȥ׷ѰԼĴȥɡ
ѰЦŻ֡
Ӱƾʧ
ৣ
ɽۣ֮ѰӰֶͼѵȺǡ
ѳɹˣѰʡ
ͷҪȥܵ磬һҪСģһɣЩ˿϶ԸĻᡣ
ҲǡѰСԴ
СָָԼͷ
ѰһʱˣСǹྦྷӨĶͷϡ
Ѱգ۴˰ɣ
⣬㻹ûء
Ѱ
ȴҲ¶һĲЦݣأԺȢҹˣҲŻῼҪҪӡ
䣬ת߽һУʧ
ѰӿѲǰǰ㲻ˣ롭ӦйӵЩ֮ڿڵ顭
ѰЦҡҡͷŲԿ
һ죬Ѱ籾Դ֮ƮȻ뿪硣

ڰܵ硱
˽޵ߣһ֮·Աܵߡ
ڡ
ܵһɣ̾ܵϼɽ֮ϡ
ƽ̣Ժʦ֣ҵ˼ֱӽǣ
ϼɽһУڵ̫ϳҧгݿڣɸ֡
ǰһŴ齣ŵ̫ϳ塣
ֻףģңС
ǡ
ƽ̸æӦֻɫȴЩ졣
ǰһܵڣҪȥһλ˾Ű֮õŮӡ
嶼ûܽɽţͱڵĵӶסڳΪ̫ϳϵݣǿȥ
ȴһֻ־Ϊĵӱһ٣ñףֱУǱ˼ڸͻڡ
һ¶е޹⣬Ŷ֮С
û취˭̫ϳأ
ƽ̸Ӷȥʹֻʾ̫ϴ㡣
ȻҲе޹⣬ŭ֮
ǣǰһĻ
룬ֶסõҩΪʦˣĪҪʲô
ʱͬͬͬսڣʦֵܣȴֵûʲô
պ嶪ۣۼأҲ۲ѡ
ʦģҶչ˺ʦ塣
ƽ̸æ֤
ʦƺˣȥܲؾ󣬼סٸ뿪ţȥڼǵĻᣡ
㶣һתȥ
ӵĿ¿Ե壬ɫܸӡ
ãȻһ̾ת뿪
ڸӸ뿪ûãԵ
һ˲Ѳ壬ǳѰ
ݡ䡢ԱѰ̳С
û뵽Ҿһһ޳ɵϼһ֪Ц
ѰùŹ
壬λ̫ϳ֮һһǧꡣ
λʦ֣һ㣬һӵо۵澳С
Ҳڵߵλڡ
ʦֶƽ̸ӣӵе۾ءϵĵС
˵ݣҲƵ֮һ
Ϊȴֻ־Ρ
ˡ
˵ԶԶʦֶдͽͽĵУҪǿ󡭡
ڣڵĵλҲú⣬¶λ̫ϳϺܹɰﲻ֪Ϊ֮ܡ
ټ鼱꣬ë꣬ȻûһΪųķȣǾɳһЩݲĻ£Щ֪ǳ֪ٵЦ
ʱһ֮е˵߳ܺͶ
ǰʱ͵͵ţǰȥɣ£ͱһЦдˡ
¶߷߲ѡ
ƽ̸Ӷ̧ͷĸо
ʱѰѼ̳ļ䣬˽ľȴŲһᡣ
屾Բǽݰ֮
෴ǳЦ־Ϊйء
һŵ̫ϳϣȴֻӵ΢ĩΪʱκ飬ɱػ飬ҲױЦ
ǰǰ£ԭڣھŰǰʱϲǸŮӣ鲻ѣֱҲ޷ǶԷ
ԣֻȥһҪȥµġ
һλ۵εĴڣǧϣ̤ϲ;ľڣеĵλ䳬Ȼ
֮Աȣ̫ϳϣȴֻ־У֮ˡ
ҪǣʼոͶһ˼ûУΪЩľų
£ĿлԷ
£Ҳݺ͵ϸܸʲôɫͼȥǿɽŵʱȻͱˡ


3193 Ե
ڵֶκɽǰֹʱûвȡֵֶΡ
Ͼվڵ̫ϳϣǵʦܡ
ڿɲԸΪڡ
ʱֻǺıʾܻһͬڴˣȥ
ԥʹӦˡ
Ȼͱһ٣ûԶ䡣
һս棬ӡУڽͻںҲƽ̸ӡ
øӶҲȥʦ
ΪȥڣӦսԹ˭
˽ЩѰ򲻽һ̾
̳ľͼ䣬ȴط֣ⱻ裬Ц壬ʵһԼ򵥡ˡ
ȱݾڣͨʣ
ͨʣµʱ飬粻֪ߵغ񡢲֪ô֪һۡ
ƫƫأȴںЩ
Ըȥأͷϣ˵Ķͼ
ɺȻʵǲпģֵȱ۵ˣעڲпнվȽŸ
ԭΪ
ãļҵйصʱѰЩˡ
һˣĥѣҪôһ겻Ҫô£ĥһǧļǿ֮ġ
ȴûʲôǧĵģҲûһ겻
ԭڣʼڵŰľһֱһֳ鲻ĵ״̬С
Ϊ飬ʶһз̰ͳЦ
ҲΪ飬ΪЦͳҲ⡣
ϧȴһԸĵ˼
ѰǺЦǸп
ѰһЩ档
ǧ£Ϊ̫ϳϣȴΪΪȴһֱ־У
ʼлУ
УйŹ֣
Ѱĸܡ
ܿ죬
ĴͳһĿĵѺۣ
ʯ롣
£ҲΪһֱ־ˣ޵ߣ˸츳죬ҲעҲһ
˭ĸȲĥĴˣ
Ѱٴļ䡣
ͫһУ׹ˡ
Űǰӵ־Уʱвʱ䣬ܹӵȵУѿƾ޺ټ
ҲʱʶİĽѡ
ʱŲ쾳ΪģȴƯڣڶ׷ߡ
ʱҲкøУһ
һ̽Ѱؾʱһɱ٣ۼͦɱ֮ǰһ
һɱ䱻⣬ȴˣƻָȴ޷޸ش
κ޵߶ԣһ̳صĴ
ȴںںǾûĽĵŮѡ
ʱҲޱȸжʾԺ峤أȻϲ
Ȼ˷ظڵŲãʹż㣬ίظ壬еĹͷʱ޷һ
⣬һֱĻڴԼ˼дһּС
ʼܼʱһһš
ɽأÿ죬յһţÿ²յš
ˣѻѾ仯ˡ
ڴš
ڼ䣬һдţ壬Ҫؾоˡ
Ӧˡ
ֱڣʦ㡢ʦֶӵˣ֪شĴ;йء
ҲѿǶôЩܵôķ裬ûн˵
ʱһһȥ
һֱȴźص壬Щ಻סˣʼȥȥѰ
ÿһεĴ𸴶һڱչء
ȴģȥ̽Ϣ
أ¶֪ЦһļһͼҪһҲ񶾵ķ̺ͳŪ
ɲ⡣
أ¶ʼų壬ôȵزҲǶû뵽
£ҲΪλ̫ϳϸе߳ܲѡ
ֹһ˸壬һˣȰģʦ㣬ΪɫŮӣͼ塰
ȴɳĲġ
ڵڣ¶ûȰ˵ˡ
˽Щ£Ѱüͷȴ
һԸĵ˼ųҲˣϾ仨⣬ˮ飬⡣
ڿȫӣ
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ǴӦ飬ҪҲ򵥣ֱӸǣһֱӣһֱĴһ߽ң
Ů˲еŵԵҲˣɱϾ嵱һȴ֪Ϊ飬ΪЦԸǺε˽Į
ѰĶЩŭ
ҲգȻѰʱݡ;Ժ뿪ʱԻһԵ
һѰ˼


ڣؾ¥
ѰһŰǰе
ʦ壬ʦ˵ˣ뿪ţԽԺʲôҪģܸЩ˵ֻҪܰ쵽ģ쵽
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֪ˡ
ѰĲɵ
Ŀ⿴Զؾ¥ĵӣԽҪú̷̫ϳϣеǲã
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æ
ʦ壬ʲôҪô
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ûˣڴ˵طһЩˣҸʦ˵һ˵ԺӦǲȥˣΪҵġ
Ѱ
Уõģ㣬һʱţֱֵܰ㡣
ЩȻǳࡰЦȴһֱԼά塣
ҲΪΪܣȴڮٺͲԭ
һƵģʦ壬˵ģ
죡
һٺʦѵĻתˣ
治棬Ժ󿴿֪߰ɣƽ̣òĵ黹кܶ࣬ԺҲؾ¥
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һŽɵؿѰһۣתȥ
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Ѱڵ
Ҷһۣ߳ؾ¥
һֱؾ¥ҲֻҪ͵һЩ˲ϵ쳣
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ΪܵߡһʶݣǷֲڴ˽ĵǻһʱ
Ͼµֻ־УҲʱһˣ¶


3194 ȥ
ܵ置򼫴󣬿еһ
بƬĴͳֱɸͥħšڡ
ĴͳУ಻
Ĵͳ֮£һʮЩУҲв򣬵ȴԶĴͳ
£ʤĶֲܵ粻ͬĽɽС
Щûв
ڣһλܵ綫ƬУĶϰٸ֮ࡣ
һֻһǾǡڡ
Ĵͳ֮һɸ¡
˽ЩϢѰˡ
ϾֻԼУЩҪ̽Լʱڼܰ쵽
ڽ˽ʱֱӳһĴͳУǷվ̫ˡ
Ѱԣ֮ǾУ
ҪĸꡢܳһֱָĴҪڴ˽
ֻ־ĻֻܸӦеġϡ͡⡯һͿ̽˽ıʡ
Ѱ˼
徳ΪֻܸӦĵϺ͵⡣
;ʥ·;Щ磬ҲֻܸӦƥĴ
˿֪Ҫ־һ˽ıԴأǲܵġ
ǾȽϵѺۣΪˡ
Ѱϡ
壬ǻۺо黹ڡ
˶ԣĴ޷޸
ɶԣǧְ취Խ⣡

ʱһһš
¶ԣһǰ
˻ȥע̫ϳĶһ֮ܣ˭һһ
ܲȥ涪ۣڴ˶ԣѾˡ
ƽ̸ӳʼЩģʱƣһֱʵʵڲؾҲڷſˡ
Ϊƽ̣Ҳܶ˼ϡ
ǣʵ֮˼ʧȥ˴ڸС
Ǿؾĵ伮ĵӣҲ޶ãǲмǳΪ顣
ԴˣѰĿˣ
Ͳ˶ٹע
Ҵһʱȥ
Ѱÿڲؾ衢飬ֱĺɫ٣ͻԼľ޴
ոһա
û֪Уѽ˴ϵƣط徳ΪƷһ飬õÿһǰ֮ز
ıʶϢı仯Ѱһֱطһб仯
УǸ֮ܡ˳Ϊ顣
ڴڼ䣬ҲǰؾҪһ伮ʵרġ
ۼʵʵһֱڴ˵أҲο٣һЩԼƵ鵤ҩ£˵Ƕ޸кô
Ѱп嵹һʦְ
Ҳǳô˻ᣬѰʾϣǰŽء޿ߡһʱ䡣
ǸˣԥʹӦˡ
ʦܽ˼ϣȻǼõ飡

޿İ
ѰһһپشԲز
ˣ޿Ѿ޷ѰУ뿪ȥһˡ
ڵϾ壬ѾŰʱ䣬ȻһӲȥת䣬Щϳ
Ǳ˲̽ٻɡ
ʦܣҺ£
һУ㿴Ѱʵ
ʦ֣֮ǰҩȻЧǴ޸٣ò˶ãָܻ
Ѱ¶ϲ֮ɫû취üװһ
ģ
㶼
ѰЦŵͷɵʦ֣롭ȥһˡ
ʱ㼤ĶüŲʱѣʦ̲סҪȥǶˣ
оǺɸ֡
Ѱܹܵı仯ȴòװȥ
ʦ֣Լĸ޸ԺһԼΪһ׷Ĳԡ
ɫȳҲԣʲôʱ֤ɵˣԴȥڼڴ֮ǰ뿪Ű벽
̬ȼ
ѰһΣɿһĻжϳĿǰΪֹԼݣûġ
ʦܣҿ·ϵħħնڵ;дɾ͡
ڣĴлָϣҾԽִԲȥӽԺÿ£ͻΪ㴫ĵá
ˣѰæϣˣˣʦʱεȱ˷ϡģʵʵŴžˡ
˵ţһ뿪ˡ
ˣһ̾ͷۺΣԼʦܣʺεȾޣȴģȫǱŮ˻ˣ
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ľ뿪Ѱֱ˲ؾ¥
䲻ңô۾Ҳ޷ĲС
Ѱ뵽⣬ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʦ棬ι̾Ϣ
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ǲ
Ѱ̾
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ѰһĬȻεȥˣոʦѾ
ҶһۣжһŰ£ʦëַˣ
죬˾ͰϢ˳ȥõƽ̸նһ鴤Ϊʦ󳹴ˣ룬ǾϰѸģ
˵֪£Ѽֲ֣Ϊʶ塣
û֪ѰҲɷѿĲһϷ룬ĿľΪ˲κλɡ

ڲؾ迴ѰдһЩӵУ֪һϢ
һǰĴͳɸͥħšһȫͨһʱŽܵġܵߡ
˭ṩϢɵõĴͳķ
ͬʱĴͳµʮȫĴͳһѲ߮£Ѱܵߵټ
ϢһԾ»Ȼܵ綼ƶ֮С
Ѱ֪ϢУڵⶫΨһһҲжɳʮλ۵棬Ѳ߮ĸ֮У
ò˶ãʮλ۵ͻִ̽Ϣ
ѰȻ
֪һ粨Լ
˵ܵߡܵҲ֪֪ܵߡһ硣
ĴͳУѾ֪ġܵߡʮλÿһǲ;ϵľͷ
ٶӵšѾĵС
ĽɫҲ֪ĴͥġܵߡУǿλ̫޲ʹߡ
Ϊ׵СóСڲ;һˡ
ü̳ѰȻҲһԼķ粨óе߸ʹߵֱʣ
ǰЩһЩȣûκεĻɣĻǳڵʮ۵ˣӦҲ̽ʲô
Ѱа


3195 㸺
Ѱ֪Ϣĵ졣
ڵʮλ۵Ƕ̫ϳǰӭӡ
ʱ
徳ӽԱټǰŴɳЩ۵һһʻ
פڲؾĴҲٻȥ
Ѱ衣
ɳϵǣûܵټ
ֱʱҲŷأѰǳڵʮλ۵Ѿ뿪
ѰҲ־УΪβټң
ɫŹ֣ڨڨʦ棬Ǻεݣ˵ͼģ
ѰƳһۣѻƭ˭أʵ˵ǡ
ԥ˰죬ŵǰʱѾ˵ʦ飬ڵִźָʦ֤һȻ󶼾ġ
϶ֹЩ˵
Ѱü
һ¶ʵ飬Щڵĸ˵Ѿˣѿ
һҲæʦڵ̫ϳϣܺ徳һȥ̲飬ˣʦ϶һӦ
ѰǵЦףƲҰ
ɿ
Ʋ
ȻǼõģ
Ҷһ󸹷̣֪˼Ʋ
ˣǶȥɡ
Ѱ֡
һεΣʹ˻⣬Ѱȴˡ
˲ץסԼϲܾʹưոݡ
þΪˡ
ѰһиС

ѰǰѰ㣬ʦ֣һʱ䡣

ɡ
ԣмģȥɢɢġ
Ѱ
Ǵػȥ
ѰЦʦ֣ҪҺʹΣȥڣǵһʱ䴫Ѷ˰ɣ
Ƭ̣ҲգֻҪ㲻ȥǶҿ
˵ţӻһöݸѰϣҵһ־࣬Σգ
ѰУЦлʦֳȫ
оһλʦ֣֮ң
죬ŴҾ뿪š
뿪ŵʮѰһֱܸܵڸԼֱȷԼûκǰڵļǰиȻ뿪
Ѱò¾֪㡣
һҿջС
ҹɫҽԼ
ֻǽԻȻûвڸڷУһֱǿŵʦ壬Ϻӿֳ
ӰȻ뿪˿ջ
ӽԺ彫ڿҰɽǱޣ֮Ժĵ;
Ѱεǻۺо飬޹;Ǽֱ練ƣƾٶҲԶһ
ףΪԵʣѰֻܽ˲ܾܿС
ңҲصıĿⶢţ¾ƾҲʲô
ڲһĿ̫࣬Բ񶼼˿
ҵıʲôҲгһ巵ʱĵҲ֮ͻƵͬȾС
ջУѰչԼ壬ֻһɡ
һ磬ڡ
ôҶܴ㵣Ÿ¾Ҫȥ
Ѱɲ룬ĿѾﵽĻʲô˼ȥй䡣
ڿҪִڵ·ϣһȺڵĴˣ־С
ѰʱЩڴ˶ʱһЦ
κʦ֣ⲻǵ㱩Ǹϲô
ʲôϲߣ˼ҿڵ̫ϳϣʦܣֻ̫Щ
ֻɫ̫ϣֱ⡣
ʱ䳰ȷسѰ
ļУĳ澭̫ˣԼȻ⡣
Ѱ΢΢ЩüµȴֻЧԼȥᡣ
ѰҲΣסĻǾͲϤˡ
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кβң
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ѰұƲҪŵĴ˸ί
ӵʱˣȻʦ棬һúðǵġ
Ҳ֪ԼʦıԲ˵ĵ׻ʺΨ̫ȱһЩ
Ȼڶʱ򣬴Ѱʱ̬ѸĹ۲١
ƽĹ֪Ѱ̸ǵ飬Ϊƽ̻ʹǲٵԴ
ʦ棬ǲǲڷУʵɺޡ

ԺлᣬҶҪȥ󣡡
Ҳ˵
ѰЦЦûж˵ʲô

ʱ󣬹Ƽ
Ѱܵһ
ѾǱް꣬Ҳ֪оεȵزˡ
ؾѰһ߷һ⡣
ʦ棬ˣʦ渺˶飡
أǼٽڲؾ
ѰһʦǰμӡڷᡯôḺ˻
һǰٿڷᡱ붫ϰٸŵľ۵μӡ
ΪڵĴҲǰ롣
ȴϢ˵㸺ˣѰе⡣
ڣΪգΪֵܰ㡣
£Ѱжⲻȥ
ҡͷҲ֪Ҫȥʦɡ
Ѱ˵ͷֱǰ


3196  Ե֮
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̫ϳƽ̸ӡԼһڳһãÿ˵ɫޱȡ
Զϥɫ԰ףϢҡ
λС˶ѣ硣Цҡͷֻǻ˵һҿԣǶʳһ˿Ѫա
⻹Сˣ˵ˣ
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ֵĪҪ˵ЩʱڰڷϣҺǹƽԾҰ˾ͰˣԹ˭
˶٣ȻοѱɸĲ￴Уʮ󣬾ͻѡ¼Ϊɸһϡݣǳڶ֣ǡϲٺΪС
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ԣɫ粻һĬȻ
ΰڷϣĴͳ֮һɸҲһλҲ
գʮλ۵汻λ￴Уŵʮѡ¼ʮλ۵ΪɸϣפɸؾС
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׷֮ɫɫ㱣㲻֪ʱԸʵļԱܾôˣ԰
ǵһΣұʦ۸ýŲҵϣЦƶˣȻлʵҲעѳɴһӶڽ¡
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һһھƣҲ죬ҷԺҪһȥ㣬ǸĴۡ
˵⣬Цһû뵽ᱻŮ˵ˣҾ㣬޲ߡ
ѰĬĬţԺиʱļ䣬Ҳһ˵ʦ֣Ѱ̫̫ˣҶԺһȥ
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Ѱһʦ֣ⶼǹȥˡ
ɫӣȻˣҾ֪־УֻǶ쾳Ϊһ𴳵ؾʱȴ㱻˵ûйŹˡ
˵ţһھƣԳºˣʦֵܶ˵˴йأҲͬˣ
Ц͸˵Ϳɬ
ʦ֣ĪҪ٣ҿԺ󶨿޸ˣڵ;ϸһġѰ
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Ѱ룬˵ʦ֣ٿİڷᣬΪʲô
ļУɴûкڷйصϢ
ڵһɸΪѡγһЩϣ֤ɫǺ׷ܵߡйء
ѰӲײС
ܵߡ
̾ڹʷУܵ߳ܵ磬տʼʱһСޱȣʱƣǵĵȴͻͽɱ䣬֤೬Ѿÿһϴ㡭
˶٣һΣɸһóкλʹһҪɱһѰܵߣΰʢϣλɸĲ´ǿӲԳĸŸ֪鲻ձֺ󣬾ҪŵĴ
֪ЩѰЦԽвԽ֤ĿǰΪֹЩʹ߻ûҵκκԼйص
ãۼü価ƣ֮ɫѰ뿪
ԼѰҡУ㽻̸ʱһĻĻӽһĨ֮ɫ

ɸ
ʹߣ
ĳУʲô
ȽԵԵ֮
Ҳ֮

̫ϳϸ˵ϢȻ½𶯣ŭÿз͡
죬ƽ̸κǰƣһ֣š
джܱ˭֪ǴϢˣã


3197 
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֪з𣬴̫ϳȥ
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ƸоܺЦ壬һˣ˭޴֮Բ㣬Ѿھܾˣ
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ϸһĨڽ֮ɫΣĴܶҽбɣ֮ǰԣҲǷһҲ־ҲһʮңҾͽפɸΪ֤;׼ʱ֮䣬ע޽
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ط֣ں֮󣬷ǵûн⣬ԼľȴҵԽԽˣ
壬Ǻ˲ǳ
ӿ˵ŭ


3198 
û뵽һ־ķԼľҵϣ
ĬãзһĨȻ
ϲϣ亦
ƽ̣һҪȥ
һҵƽͼ
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ͼæӦʮͽΪɸеĳϣͼ˳ҵ
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֮ǰǿɶ̬Ҫ彻ȥھͽб˭Ƕ֣
ԶѰ㹰ֵǸڲ֪Ϣʦ壬ϾǺ䣬뿪˽ǰԻԱ𡣡
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ζӳ顣
ѵǱĴͳȫͨܵѰ
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ΣǰԼͬʦֵܶã
Ѱ˵ţ̧һն£ʱնɱ
ѪȵһĻ˻£Ȼʧɫ
֮ǰվһӪЩϣԶŵð׹ߡ
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лҡ
ѰڵλҲصΪҵԵʣڳΪĴͳʸ֮ġò˶ãһǰĴͳһ⣬˶ҺЩʹ֮ĳޡ
㶼סȥĴͳ𣡣
ҲһΰĲʵо
ĴͳǶԣٲȻܵΪߵ
Щ̤㲻;ϵʹˣǾǱֻĴڣ
ڣѰȴ˵Ҫȥһ⣬ܲ
ѰҲûٽͣһת²˳٣Ҫǰһ⣬ȥһλȷŵȺ򡣡
˵գתȥ
ֱĿӰʧ㡢ӵ˲Ž侲
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Ȼ֪Ĵͳ֮ܵ۵ģ
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Ϊÿһͳܵߴڣ
һܵͨ޷ֶΣÿһλܵ뿪ͻܵһͨĴͳУ¼ЩĴԣĴͳһֱۣ֮
ӵʦ˵ЩǺ⣿
£Ҫȥֻʣһ·ѡˡǾǳѰ

ӲѰղŵĻһʦΪѰлȥɨĴͳеЩУ
Ϊ֮һսѰӮ
һأ
˲ʡ
Ҳظɡ
ޱ
˽һĬȻĳ
ţѰӮˣڡͽӭһǰδеı仯
ƣ֮£ǸĿǰѰǼʦĶ飬㹻ˡ
˵⣬Щ
֪гһܵ뿪õ޵ϣͻᱣεľʹ衣
ҲζţԺѰ뿪ʦ壬ʵһ˼ı仯

УѰС
ʱѣһݳһʺϴҲ㲻
Ѱӿľ۵УҲɿ
ԲΪԣӵеȻɺѾӵһԱ֮
⣬Ҳڽձ¶ݵԭڡ
ȽŮ˵飬뿪ƬҸƧֻ̤֮ϲ;ȥЩʹһϳ̡
Ѱϡ


3200 
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ûãһλɽһǰ
⵹һ֮ء
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ˣ
ڶܵĽʱľҲ
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ѰüëһǰܸǵĽʱȻըӰѽ붴ڡ
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ǰɽǰɱͼˣŮʱͲͼ˵Żһʱݶȥ
ʶ㣬Ѱüͷ΢΢һ塣
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Ҳ޷ҵҪ㻹ķˡ
Ѱתȥ
ֻǣӰҪ뿪ʱʶкز׽һϤӰ
κͣ
Ҳ壬ԵǸڴˡ
ʱ¹ʤѩòʵκںһεŮ̸Ц
أκס۾Զ壡Ϸڣ
Ѱ΢΢һЦĿ⿴κߵĽŮӣκΪϵ㻹Ӧô
ŮӴ㵣ûӦ

κɫһǰһƳѰ
Ӱڰ;͵һϵ񱻴ƵƤƵһкǧ
գۼѡ
κһĵоʧһɶ˶ֳ꣬һ˵ƣ̬
һĻŮӾüУ
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ҵΪأҵΪأκ̱ڵأ£ɫ̿ȻħƵġ
һӴӸ߸ϵ޵߱طӵ״̬Уκܽܵˣ
ʦ֣ȥʦ𣡡
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ʦ֣ҲġţȥʦŮǿһЦתȥ
ܿ죬һȺ˴Ҵκ͵ʦһЩ
κȥΨûǽŮӵӰһ˿Ҷˡ
壬Щܵͷ̡
廹ʦӻ־ĵУءûΪʲôûˡ
һ̣κͳױˡ

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Ŵ
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Ѵп˳ʵ
ǰˣϵĻҪôȥ˳ڣҪôȥɸ󡣡Ѱڵ
һɨˣ㣬ǸӵˣԼʱ򶨣ǽˡ塱ܵߵʵ
Ͳˡ
üͷ𣬡ǻۣȻܲµһЩߣݣǳڣɸ󣬿¶ɳ׷£һǷֵѵЩ⡭
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䣡
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ԶѰ˫ټķϼɽСֱȭͷСʱѰץ˹ߵ㡣
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ѰЦЦûٶ˵ƮȻȥ


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Ϊ׵ģɸ̫ϳԭһ೬ѾԲεĴڣҲǷֲܵλ޲ʹ֮һ
ߣŵɸĲҲгڵλϹŶŲС
ȻҲС
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ֻĲ²⣬֤֤
Ŀ俴
һĬƬ̣͵һСŮû֤ݣȴͷ֤Ǹܵߣ
ǰЩ죬ǰںʱͲԷһһһһЩԾ
ֱԼԽԽǸе̤ʵһ־ķܽƾһͶ϶Լҵϣ
ͼһǿǰںһϵ飬ܶ϶йŹ֣
ͼȫû
ڽֻǸǿ㶼ˣ£עͼˡ
ôֻһֿܣ⣡
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˵Ĳû⣬¸ǰ˵ء
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ԭҲһ̾ü両һĨȷҡ
˵λǰСŮӿѰȻѡߣ֤Ŀǰûܹ͸λǰԿ̤㲻;
ԭס࿴һۣķҲֻǣζ϶ṳ̂ϲ;ģ
м֪Լԭӣǿ԰ĵϲã侲˵
ܼ򵥣Ѱӽܵ絽ڣһʱ䣬СŮ֪ܵܵߣûһܹô̵ʱ̤ϲ;ġ
˶٣ۼ˵ĿⶼԼϣռ両һĨŵЦݣ
֮ǰСŮ˵ѰѡߣǶԿһж֤ʵԶûдﵽܹͲζԿĵز


3201 ܵ
ԭסֿһۣãǸȥҵѰ
ĬƬ̣ǰһ뿪ҪҵǼûжϣ
룬˵˵ܵߣֻĴͳġܵ񱮡һĴܹ뿪ҲѰֻ⡮ܵ񱮡ˡ
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Ŀ⿴һˣ·ϣ֮Ϣ̫ϳóУǻۣ֪ô
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·ϵ

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ΪܵĴͳ֮һɸ̾һλ֮ܵµؾڡ
Ѱ˶һڵĶС
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ϾѾѰһˣûзѰټ
ɵϢóüͷȴ
ѰӣȥѰңֱʹûʲô
֤ǰҵ򣬵֤ҪͲˡ
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ǲĴͳһ¸ȫȥѲѰ

죬ɸͥħšĴͳжŵĲＸ㳲
죬ֲܵеʮһڶĶҲõԲҵǲԵĴͳһڵĶΪģչ޵Ѳж
ȹģӴжҲ䶯УȻ󲨡
һʱ֮䣬йѰҲ籩㣬¸شšţΪ޵עĻ⡣
ڶУ˼ĻĽҰУɼȺӵ޵ߣΪѲѰ
ǵȹģҲ׳֮
ҴҰ¹ȥ
ǡ
һ¥УѰƷ衣
ѣԽԽˡ
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С֣УⰲǴ󲿷ֽǷӣЩ޵ҲΪ΢ǲڴˣϲܻᱻ˲ˡ
Ѱһ裬һЦοϲ˳ǵ֡
أв˳ѰɾͲˡ
ѰһݹȥмһϢǲҲԿơ
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ҡҡͷ˼ϡ
ѰҲٶԣյŲеݶƽ
ȡܵߡԣƾʲô£ѾڣҪȥݳһͨ
Ĵͬɲܵġݻ
ңѰܵߣõǡͼ䡣
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ǡܵ
ܳһȫµͨǶԣҲһ׵顣
ֲڴ˽óеλʹߣÿһڴ˲֪ˣҲֻڲ;ĴԲУ޷ݳͨĵ;
ֻݳͨ㾳ĵ;߲ܵдܵ뿪Ļᡣ
ЩѶѰԣ׾ٵ顣
ԭڣڻʱһһһҵܣҲͬʱЩҵݳһֱͨĴ
ڣֻҪܵݳһʺͨѰԣĿܻˡ
֮ǰİУѾݳһʺͨ;
ⰲǵİУѰʲôҲûڣȴһֱš
ף㲢֪ܵߡڸԴ˽ܵǿ̿ĥС

ʱһһš
Ҵǰȥ
ѰһֱڰǣڼҲвнѰûпѰ
ˣҲ׷ġ
ңУѰѰ׽ϵƣҲδĵ;ȼϣ
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Щɻ󣺡ѣڻǾ۵УȥЩǻᱩ¶ݣ
ѰЦˣҵĵ;;֮ϣǷȱġ;ƥ
ЩͿˣ;֮ϣΪξ绹ھ۵澳Ϊλȱ
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ע⵽ѰϢطʧˣһ۵澳ĵڴ˿¶
Ϣڣֱ֮ϣ
ѣǡɫ䡣
ȻΪѼѸɡѰڱȥ
ɫһãɻǰҧȥ
ߵ⣬ԶһƿХ
ಣ
һȺɢŵ۾Ϊ޵ߣŲգգۼͳ嵽֮ء
ȻǶǱѰ¶ľ۵Ϣ
̫ϳ壡
һ߻һ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ҵ壬͵ҵܵѰ
Щ޵߽¶ϲɫЩš
ѰôãɶԷȴö֮ĳˣһεģ
ܲ⣿
ȴѰҲЦˣƿڣһᣬųϢȥ֪ͨˣ򣬴Ԯˡ


3202 ˸ָ
Щ۾ɫһãתӡ
ǵȻᴫϢҪȱ
ûˣһоͶˡ
ಣ
ӰŲգĿ죬ӵĸ졣
ң֮ǰǾͲڼԶĵط˿Ӷʱ͸ԵһЩ
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ˣ
һεĴӿֱ֣ѹһȺ۾ϣõǵӰʱճеĳӣǣ
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ĿһĻ㶼һ£˸ָѣѹһڵ۾ʲô
λؾţĳɲǲ̺ɱ֮ҲмΪЩָʹСɫ
ȻУѰǰָһ

һһЩ۾תۼѣЩ۾ϵĲƱͱѹһգڵıҲ⡣
Щ۾ˣڱ¾³һĻз˿
һЩѣʲô
ѰʣĳҪλ˽һЩ飬λĪҪ˵꣬ɱûѡ
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ѰʶŤͷȥڡ
Щ۾УѰ˽⵽Ĵͳ֮ܵʮһǲʮλһֱڳڡ
Щԡɸ󡱵̫ϳԭΪףֱһԸĵ۾Ѳ߮һɽӣԴѲԼټ
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ಣಣ
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ô˵Ҫȥƴˣ
ֻо۵澳ΪĿЩĶ֣
Űɣò˶ãѰǻͽ£

ɽ֮䣬ѰǰУٶȲ첻ھ۵澳ϢͲΡ
ԶȥӰo
ѣ㡭ɱȥڣ
·ϣס
Ѱ˿̵ֱ̫󵨣ȫ˿ưͲþˣõ
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ж꣬ǵһξ˷˼顣
ܿ죬Զһƿ
һȺ۾Ѳ߮ɽӵӼԶӶΪ׵ľλ۵档
֧Ҫǿࡣ
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ˣ㲻¶Ŀ֮ɫ
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ɫԽ㵣ޱȾʡ
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ǵڻûŪԼ˲Ϣͱˡ
ҲζţѰҪɱǣֱͺһȺûʲô

·ϣһȺһȺ޵ǰƵǱѰɢϢ
Щ޵ߣԲͬʮˣٵҲˣҲһЩ۵εĽɫ
ŵ˵ԼѾˡ
ϾЩܵ۵ϵҫĸһĿֲڣ
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ҴҶȻҴұǹϵĲƱ
䵱ɫ֮ı仯㶼ü̲ס̾οգ
һУҲ㳹ʶѰΪƾ۵Σսȴܹɨһͬ

ѰټϢǴ˳ȥ̵ʱھʹ˳һڲС
һӣЩﶼ
ڳ֣ʱˣ
˳־
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Цڡ
ЩԸһеĲԴ
һĻɸ̫ϳԭȴüΪѰǺ׶Ըģ
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ֱ˵ҵܵУҲһȺ֮ܣͲ֪ʲôܵߣ
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Щɫһ粻ȴû˸ҷ
ԭѰ֣Ȼһ׮£ҵȴ˶⣬෴ҪӽСĲŶԡ
˲ԭˣЩϢ˵ѰǾ۵Уδ̤㲻;ĻΪλҪǰɵ
Ҳܲ⡣
ԭǿע⵽ЩϢ˵Ѱǵ¶ټڳڸ
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ǰЩһ۵С
ڲһǶ֪ԭܿһʱһֱߡ
ΪǸԭ
ãˣܼһȻҺܻǷĸɱϾ˵λǰڴˣκĽɫ¶ȡĴ¡
ԭõǺһֻǣվǲνܵߣףѰΣա
Ǹп㣬˵һܵߣĿҵλʹӣ¸ȥ׷
˵⣬Ŀһɨˣ˵䲻Ļδ̤㲻;ʱȲɱĻᡣһ̤ϲ;ЩˡͲɱģ
ɫһ䡣


3203 кβ
ԭɸ̫ϳϣһλܵߡ
ⷬҲЩԴѰĿ΢ı仯ɫ΢΢ز١
ס˵˼ǣѰĻɱڣ
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˶ʶص˵ͷ
¡
ԭĿ⿴һӣڿʼͳԦ˵һѰɱȫ¡
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ǡ
Ȼ
죬ԭʹ뿪ڣɸ
ˣڷɸҪʲô
·ϣסʵ
ǧ֮ӣãѳǷ֮أϣԵ뿪
ԭڵѰɱǡÿЩ֣һѰ͡
ɫ΢䣬ֱðû뵽ԭҪЩȥ̽Ѱ
ӮˣǵҲˡ
һˣɾûлĿܣ
ԭƳһۣǲΪ̫ˣ
˸д˵ĿǣСŮҺҴ⡣
ԭ΢΢һЦҲ㣬Ϊܵ磬Щﶼʸǵӡ
оͰ⡣
һ룬ĸ߲̤ܵ;еĿֲڣ
Уȷܲ
ֻǺȻ޷еİֻһ۵ѡ
ܴڲ飬ȥ⡣
ҲˣŻᱻԭۿߡ
ֻϣܹɹ򡭡ɾļˡ
ԭƵģâò
ûи֮Դӳ뿪Ϊ뵽һֿܡ
ѰܳһĲ;
ˣѰ¿Ǿ۵棬ֻҪӵ㹻оͻͻͽƾ̤㲻֮ϣ
⣬ҲǴʹԭ뿪ڵԭ
ҪɸȥóеʹԲߡ
ףûСʱڲŻн֮䡭ԭһ̾

졣
ڵɱޱȡ
ʮλԳ̫ϳΪף׼
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ڣѾʮ߹Ѱֵµľ۵棬ʮ֮࣡
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3205 ɨһ
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ܵߵǿ֮
ҲΪóܹƬԭڡ
ϧѰҲܵߣһһǸǿܵߣܳ;
λȲҪ·ˣĳλһ̡
ȻƮѰǰָ罣ɴն
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3206 նħ
Ѱɸ󣬵ɱóеλʹߣԶԶӣ
Ѱٶ̫죬Ǵݿһ·ɱûκοɿԾĵˡ
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ѰϥܵǰĴڳԲܵĻ籾Դ
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3207 ӿڳ
ɽЩˣ٣ǿɸе޵ߣţҲ֮
ɸҲ˭ܽġ
ҪУáײԵǧУһܳɹ
ɵס޵ǰͼȥһ
һһŮ۴ţʣƶΪԵǳ֮ǾҲͼɸʱȻ˲ٵ٩
˲޶شЦֽɫҲɸҸţԣ
˵ģһ꣬һϮۣٷ硣Ļ򶼲һЦ
ŮߵˣǺ죬ȴָŭԣǾȵģǵýһЦ
ŮӶԴƻȻ˵ţʼնûᡣ
úõš
Ů˵ţӿն𣬳µһƬɫƿ
һĻȫһš
˵ɴ۾ţòѰŮӣֱǰɸڣ
¾㱻ߣ
֪УɲһЩ󣬻츳Ľɫǰɸڣͼɸ˵Ĵࡣ
һ⣬Աɨسţأ
Ȼ֪η
ЦһСطģʲôҲΪɸܿŶ룿ҲԼʲôΪʲôݣ
ҲЦ·ѿŮӱɨسŵһĻ
ɫǰ
Ůƾ㣬ֱӳߵ

Ʒֳһ޵Ż
ŮҪȥʱһ𣺡Ǻˣôɸ󣿡
һѣȴϣƬɽе޵һǿŮӵϷʺ
ϣҪˣ
ϣŮȴɫ񾲣Ȼ޾壬Ѱ
Ѱ
ַħøнһ𣬶ŮδҲ̫󣬾͸ɸֱѰǰ֣
ϣǾнҲһţֱֽð亹֪ΪηҪִǰһֱλѰǰ⡭Ҳ̫ˡ
ձޱȡ
ǲûеҪһĻŮǣûб𣬶ɸ֮ǰһû
ⷴһĻ˽Ծɲ
ܿ졪
䣡
ɸڵŻתһΰϵӰƾո֣뷢ȻϲϢת
죬ɸƽ̴ˣ
һλʧУʶʧ̬æڵأߵ׵СϺɽϺᣬݼǰ
ˣƬɽĻ᲻һΰӰݣ
ͨͨ
в˹ڵأ񣬡ݼǰ
ǽҲ£һɫϣɫ˳
˭Ҳû뵽ɸΪߵƽ̴ˣڴ˿ټ
ǾнŵˣҲʶҲҪѧһ£ɾڴʱŮӵ
£Ӵ˱㲻ҵܵܡ
ö
ʱס޴롣
ǹһصҲ㵣㲻ԼĶ䡣
ŷ֣ɸڣѰͨŮӣȴһֱվţ¾ɸƽ̣ȻûҪͷ̬
⡭
˶סⲻ𣡣
ڴʱǷˮȴһϢ¶º͵ЦݣŮӵԵȣǰ
Ůӵ˵ͷ㲻ٳ
ǵȻ̬ͷ·ԵĲһλ޵ɸƽ̣һѰɼĴϢ·Ƶġ
˶ɵˣһдȻ⡭ʲô
ǿɸƽ̣Դ麣Ůʱȴ˵ǫѷʹȺͣ
ͷƤǣŮӣɸƽ̣ԵúȻûһ˿Ĳڡ
Ŷˣǹĵܵܣˮʵ
Ůӵ˵ͷ
Сѹһ
ʱˮɫˣվŵǾн֡
ʶʲôȻϷˣ侳޷ɶݵ
˵ţٵ棬һס֣ЦǺǵɡڿնȥ
ĿһĻĻɽӸž۾ֱĶܵǰδеĳҪˡ
ԴǶ޷ᷢ顣
걻ɸڸ󣬾;нŮߣͷȥˮԺһƬհס
ֻһҰ꣬Ļ뵽ջᾭ˷˼飿
ΨŮӺܵ

ûãɸһ󲨶ֳһӰ
Ѱ
һֱڵȺˮһȻ񣺡ǰ
Ѱ˵ͷͽĿ⿴ŮӣЦˡ
ŮȻڴ˽õǺꡣ
ָǾн꣬ѰУݵ׵ܵܣΪʱ򣬾ͰҲˡ
Ѱ˵ͷЦеļ򣬵Сһţһɡ
һ𣬾Ҫ߽ɸڣȴָŵһǵĽ꣬˵
ղǼһ˵Һܹɸ͸ţҿǳ룬ҿɲҪţ
һŵò̱ڵϣ겻ᡣ
뵽һƶĽܣȴôͷǵɸƽӭܵѰˣ
ٿˣҲһ¡
˴˿̣Ļ᲻ףһԽܵͷֲ
һ뵽֮ǰе٩Ҳ̿
ѰһĿ⿴ȥȻȷ䣬߰ɣ
ŵ˵ͷһ𣬸Ѱ߽ɸڡ
ɸƽˮ
ǺЦѲ϶ĮĿɨӴϹһصˣˡ
ʱɸɸӳ
Ѹղŷڴ˵صһһ˵ˮ
ɸ˾ͽгڴ˵غһĻĻг
֪һУˮüЦһȺĻ˶ǰѶҳŪò˵ɫȷʸȥ˼ţ
һýЩеˣȫ׻ʧǡ
ǵֶ£ȻȫߣӽԺ󣬺Щйصͳͳٿɸ벽
ⷬˮתȥ
ɸƽ֮𣬲ȥЩСɫһһƽϣֱӽɸЩǡ
ɸ˶һۣԿǴϵ޵ߣɫԵøĮ
ڳЩ޵ߣľѲǰ򵥣ǾͱˮһǺͱ̡
˭뵽Ϊ٩ͳһԽһͷܵȴ
ͽлӿڳ
ͬʱɸؾС
ѰòѰɻѾȥ֮ãΪΪȴһֱ麣Σ


3208 Բ
̧۵ǰܵʱ˵Ҫһֱ͵ݷעġ
ѰһЦԣһֱ麣У

ͷֿԵһۣ֮ǰ֪һܵߡܳһֱĵ;
ѰĴָ޵˲á
ǳǳһЦܿġ
һţĽԴһκ״̬
ֻһҰƶ꣬ǰ߳Ұ
ڣȴɸ󣬼ȳ֮£л֮С
ѰһУضСһĪҪ˼룬һҲãһҲգֻҪμסбɡ
Ѵһɴֱ֮ľʱ統ͷȣ͵ؾѹ
ҵ˼ɢ˶ƽ
˿ߵƵ˵㣬ȻΪɶֵᷢ飬ԺŬ˽ġ
˵ͷ
һѰ˼
һҰ꣬һ죬մһ׮ԵνǸб
ֻҪԲ㹻ˡ
һ̣Ѱ壬츳̸ϺãԼȴֶΪܳһͨ
һΪԼ޵ǻڰæɹףҲٲͬҲϣȥʶ֮ϵģ
ԼȻͨҲ첻һС
ԣ츳ѰԺоһ绮һ
츳лһԼͨ
Ҫ֤츳ǿûԡ
̨ڣ
Ϊܿܿ޵߼ܹڴ·̤۷ģ
һڡ·ء
ʵĺģľ
ۡࡢ⡢ݣ֮£¸ҵϡ
޵޷һ·̤֮۵ĺģ
ʲôţʲô֮ˣֻҪԲȻСϣҲ֤֮ͨʱ⣬ڡ
Ѱૡ
ʶ츳ĵپܵһ飬Ѱ֮˸һ֪

ʮ
Ӵ
һΪѾ麣ͻ೬ѾԲز
ֱܳͨһֻ֮ǰһֱǹ麣ˡ
ľ˲һ
ԭת֮£ܵУ޷һΰˡ
ʶƾԺǻۣڸӦܵĴʱܳһͨ
ÿͻһ磬ºܳĵ;ƫҲڴ˾не
Ѱ֮ܵ·Ȼͬ
룬ʱһ磬Դ˾֮ܵ򣬴Ӷ߲ܳεĵ;
ɣַʽ;ͬ顣
׼׵
ۼѰЦʵ
˵ͷ
ǽվ뿪˽ǡѰ˵ţĿѿһܵ񱮣
ֱǰְ̽ܵϡ
䣡
ܵ񱮺ϵĵ;ӿֳһƬȻɬĻϢ
ڻ
յʱһųУţġܿϣӳһϼʧ
ܿӰһڵء
Ѱ֪ѻû뿪˽硣
ûе飬Ҳֱǰְܵϡ
䣡
˲ϢѰ͸ܵһƬ籾ԴУʤϵ;㣬ڻ籾ԴкХ˸ɢȻͬϡ
ǲǴÿһԿ̤ϵĵ;Կֱָ֮ϣ
һĻѰĶ𺳡
ȻԼ²⣬Ĵڣ۱ǿ֤֮·ףΨ鲻ľߣл̤ϴ·
ͬʱһɻ籾ԴѰȡԲ֮У۷֮ϣĹˣ޿ɳԽڼ
ĴԲزˡ
Ѱӿһ˵㣬һִڣңϢ޿ɾ޹Ұ
ͨ
ڵأԡ
ֱãܿһͻһУɫϱ任
سһܵ񱮹񣺡ǰ㻯ңҵʦԺԻ᲻ʦ֮⣡
ܿľγƽ
ǰֻһҰŮӣݱ΢ʶǳ
ڵǲ;ϵĳѾԲڣ⣬ѲǴǰɱȡ
ûãҲӻ
Ҳͬܿǰ㣬ã˽⵽ʱԼһС
лǰ֮
Ҳͬܿǰ㣬ܵ񱮹


޲λʹ߶ˡ
һϮīɫȹòĵ޲ͳڣü䶼
Ǭӡ㲿ӡ𲿵ࡢ蹵Ȱˣжһ
ʧˡѰѲ
̾ЩѰһţҲһδεجĺʹ
ڣλľ˼ı仯һ˸СѰ
ԱȵǶѰĲмȫѾһˡ
̫ŲĺԻƽ磬֮ҪжԸѰӣƽһᡣ
ӳ
̫ŲУһλǿ֮ʹߣƽУÿһżĵС
ӳƽ硭ǵطƴǶԡƱԴƿأץסᣬҲɱѰĻᡣ
᣿
ЦλڶȥɱѰˡ
ҲһĬȻ
ȷôδҲûףȷƽеܷܽѰ¡
ΣѰѽƽ磬޷£Ҳϲܾ׵ش˽ˣ
ҧ˵оǷ֮ɫעһķͽ

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һԾ֮¡
ڿɫЩꡣ
棬ϼ˾Щεҡҡͷѵô꣬Ϊεڻס
ŴУֲ̫ŲѰСҪɱǻ֪ٴ״գܲżô
û
ϼ˾һĬЩϼһǣҲڵȴ֤Сѻ¡
¿ɲ˳صִ򡣡
ߵ
Ǻǡ
ϼ˾Ц˵ҵܾǰ׵۹ʱΪСƶϵһԡǰ··ϣݵ֮һһӦˡ㿴ĵ;ϣɼǶҺѪ֮˲֪ٱ
һΪСǣ
ƲųƵǰδ֮
ϼ˾ҡͷˣҲˣųϫ̫ϴڣҲѿˡֻǺ棬ִֻıˡ


3209 ƱԴ
ɫ˸ۣ˵ЩԺƨʲôã
ϼ˾ΪҼѰֹԽƽ磬ն·ִ򡣡
һĬѰлƽ磬һҲΪȡ뿪˽Ļᣡ
ϼ˾ףǼɵ̫ŲǾŸ֡
ƽ磬Ŀǰֻʮһˡ
Ͷռ˱̫ŲǾŸʹߡ
⼫
ʵϣ˺ͶԷҲͬһΣϸ΢Ĳ࣬ȫԺԲơ
Щ˺ͶԷҲٳͻɱȻÿһζ޷ԷΧҪӶȴ¡
ҼɵѰֻҪˣǾŸ϶Ȼ᲻һеȥԸѰ
ŵƽ磬ƴǶԡƱԴƿأ˭۵ƱԴ࣬˭ռơ
ҲζţѰִ˽ʱӵεսҪЩ˿⣬ȴǲܵ顣
ϼ˾ԣǱѰִʱ͵һʱҵֻȥȫӻܹʱȥƿءƱԴ
ڵǣ˭Ҳ֪СӺʱ֣
εƲ졣
ţ
أԶ񷣬ӳֳһӰһϮɫۣӰߴһֱͫ°ˡ
زأ
ϼ˾΢УʹߣһսǿĴڡ
ţϣ½ֳһһӰ
еĽ̤ƣӳ졣
е÷ףӿ⡣
еıʱͼӿ֡
еġ
ˣӲͬ
¡
ذҡ
ޱ߿ֲƴӰɢֱλ׳֡
ʱ䣬Щϻ˾ڽͻȻɱظоЩԾ
ü
ˣϼ˾Ϥ
ǬԪزء㲿顱𲿡;޲ۡҲġ
ÿһĵУֻһߣ
ΪΣǳʱźϼ˾ţֻЩֶѡ
ӦѰӼҪˣ
ϼ˾зʣǴ޷ҪΧǣȥӦѰ
һ
ߣǣǡ
ϼ˾һסҲҪһʱҵѰϲЩץ
䣡
ӰڿգݵӰŹӰܣӿֳǿǳĴ
Χסǣ
ԶһϮ೤۵ĵزһȣ羪쳹
λʹһˣԴ߶Уźϼ˾Χ
¡
һʱ䣬׼ݣֲԳƵĺХ
ս
ϼ˾һԵޱȼݣһ˶ѣȴȥӲλʹߣȫһҪ̬
ϸһսȴѷ֡
ϼ˾λʹߣӰԷƻһƬء
ÿһ˵УԳ顢
ԶԶһÿ˾һԪЩԪڲϵĽгͶԿ
ǵȷ˼һĻĻԵΪġ
⣬ƽ档
˽޵ߣ֮أȥһ֮
ֱ֮
۵Խۺյ֮Խǿ
ߣ
ϼ˾쳹
һһȣӰҲ֮أͷų֮İ壬Զɱȥ
ʹ߽أȴƴƵĳƣӰֱŲգԶȫŲƶȥ
䴳ΧҲסȳһѪ
ղһӲ˲СƣˣҲ޷ǰ׵ߡ
飬;ģȥ׷ţ
սУزصĴ
˾Ųգ׷ȥ
زءԪˣȫΧϼ˾
¡
սˣϼ˾գľȴƽ
֪¸ĴۣҲϲѰ¡
ֻǣΨһȷǣѰǷѾִƽˡ
һǵ˵һıôͶŽյƴ֮٣ɾ̫Σˡ

Ӵܡ
ҲһɻѰˣ
ƽ̫ˣ󵽷ûб߼ʡ
߶꣬ûŪƽı߽ںεء
γֵֻеزصˣӡĪɡȴûг֣˿ѵѲѰ˽Ķǰչж
üͷ
ã૵ѰѰǧ¡
ţ
ͫһ顢;˵ӰѾӺ׷
ҳɣҧǰ塣
ͼããؼ䣬Ӱһɫ⣬һ˸ǧɽˮٶȼ졣
󷽣顢;׷ᡣ
ֻڶŵĽƺͲԵúܴݺƽ
ϼһķӦǲҲѲµѰƽˡ
Ц
Žһͼӿ֣̬
ϧѰ˽ʱҲעܰﵽѰæˡ
;ɫĮ
ɽз׼ڳ⡣
ǶϣҲֻܱѣĿܻлȥæ
Ц
̬ӣȴʣתϫƺ嫡
ǽղŵõϢվλķѰӦͻһʱƽ硣
ϢҲ˵ˣλҲѰںʱ뿪ܵ硣˵ѰǰִƽˣֻǶ֪ˣ
ǰִ
;ҡͷⲻܣǰִĻɿܲȥͶšϼ˾磿
ǰϵζŲǰִ˵ͨ
ѰͣǰƽʱȻѶԴ˽缫Ϊ˽⣬ҲҪǶԿ뾡ظƿƱԴ֮˽ѡݷôǾҪץҲѡ
˶٣ˣζԸźϼ˾ܽ£ǾܹвѰʣʱ֣ᱻвȡ
Ѿƽ磬ǲ׷ɱŶˣĿ޶ԣ
ͷĽԵ˵ͷ
ףƽʵ̫ˣû֪ʱ֡
ҪһʱѰȻ͵취
ԣǴ˴βŻڵõŴϢֱӳ֣Ĳɱźϼ˾ҪԸѰ
ڣ˷ֱԸšϼ˾ͬʱλʹڷͷжѲ߮ƽС
ΪܾҳѰѰɱ
̸ʱ顢;ǵĶɲһֱڽ׷Ŷŵټû˿и
ͬʱƽһƬž˵Ⱥɽһ۵ϿȣϿȵ֮֮أ򿪱һ
⣬Ϣơ
УһһŮд


3210 ֮Ԯ
еһһŮѰ
ǰǾ½ƽС
ЩƲǰ㣬Ѱ˽ƽ飬ҲûиƿƱԴ֮ǰȻսǿҲûȥЩ˶Կ͡
ʶڵִ˽ĵһʱ䣬ѡݷǱޡ
ʱ
ѰϣӿֳĴ绯޽أڳź貵ܻ֮У޾
翪٣ʼơ
ߣ֮ɫߣ֮ɫ
ƣֱָء
޵Уǻʱ֮磬ӵų
˵ҲԳأȴǴָһ硢һһ֮磬Сһɳһʯ֮磬֮磬Կơ
ƱԴ޵յĴͿܻʼ״̬ӶҲʵһɱ䡣
ⲻΪϵͻƣһַɱ䡣
֮ƽ磬ƱԴɻأش
һʱֱͺͻһԪҲûʲôˡ
µʱѰ׾ٵظƿƱԴһĴһ˵ɱ䣡
ƽн棬ƴľ˭ۺ˭ܹսռơ
֮ʵһϵġ桱
ֻƴģƱԴƿذˡ
Թһֱһ˵ܹƽ뿪޵ߣмܹԲز
ԭڣǴʹ޵;ɱһ
Ҫ뿪ƽ磬ܹƽ籾ԴĹ
ˣŶȥ
˱ƶϣ޵㹻عʱӵԲ
ɶѰԣȫһˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ܵʱѰԲز
ˣƽȥƿƱԴȴȫͲ׾پ͸ܵƱԴУ֮ƿء
ʱֳһͻͽ̬ƣõڶ̶̰ʱѽһɵز
ƱԴɳʹ޵ܹأ֮ҲɳʹѵһԪˡ
УѰпƱԴȷԡ
һ࣬ҲӿƱԴѰĲһģأȴһƬҹĺڰڳصʹȴǳ׺ҹڰУ䡣
ʱţҴȥ
еѰ͵
ĽһƵĲһʱ
޵ߴƬȺɽ
뵽⣬ѰʶӿУʱһĻ֡
ͼȺɽãһӰ㣬ȺɽϿһš
ţӰ֣ǰһӰ׷ᣡ
ţ
ǻȻɲǼʧѰϳ׷ɱһӰǶţ
һӣӿ˵â
ڻʱнϿ˵ʦԪϢѰڽƽʱȥҶţˣܵõŵıӻ
ΪѰ˽⵽ƽ飬ʶڽ˽󣬲ŻȲƿƱԴȥҶš
˭룬ȴڱ׷ɱ
ڴǱҳȥһˡ
Ѱһϡ
á
Ӧһ
ûе飬Ѱֱӳ¶ӰһչŲƳնȥ
ৣ
ȫٶѴﵽ׵ĵزһӰÿһͷƶתư㽫޾ɽ


УżٴϢɫѿ
Ѿ׷ɱ֮ãһ·ӣӹ֪ɽأȴһֱû˦ʹߡ
ڣѾӦ³׷ɱͼҪ£ЮΪʣԴвѰ
öŷŭ֮࣬Ҳɿ
Ȼ׷ɱǱһЩһ֤ѰҪôûƽ硣
ҪôѾִƽ磬ûб˷֣
ԶŶԣ㹻ˡ
취˦Щ֡
üͷ
˿̵״ܲʱ䣬һޣȥò˶þͻŲס
ҲԼܣһ·׷ԼĶ֣ͬҲˡ
ϾԼ죬׷졭
ϼһӲˡ
󷽣͸űĺ⡣
ٳ׷˵
ŷ˸ۡ
̡֪ڿࡢвٴΣвֻúܿЦ
ɾڴʱԶؼ䣬ƾճһӰӰһɫսìӰս㡣
֣ε֮ӿ֣һأӿֳ֮׳쳣
˾ڵȴƾճڶǰ·ϣ⧲֮£ȫӶݵĶӰնסʱֶ֮
䣡
غ
ȻŷӦ죬Ҳʩչ֮ɱӰһģ̲סȳһѪ
ӣ
ɫһ䣬ϳֳɫսìӵݣǾŸʹ֮һӡ
öĶȵס
ȫӶ֮ãܵͻȻĴ˵״Եˡ
Ҫǣ顢;Ѽʱ
ϼһҸղ˵ˣӲģ
Ц
˻δִӿֳһ嫵磬һɳʹ
ǰҲٴγ֡
ǰл
ͼ͵һһգ¶ơ
ƴɱһ·
ǰʱҲЩʹս֪ٴΣÿһζȫˡ
ֻһβһ״̫ˣֱսλʹΧνն֮
λ¹ضԸѰжҲϼһˣ

˵ʱսѳױ
ͼƬɽУһڼԪͶԿϳͻ޾ҫ۵Ŀֲꡣ
ŶγȥΧÿһζز˵˶ۣ˶Ѫܵġ
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ৣ
ҲԶԶܿһ˲һεӰƾնҪƴĶǰ


3211 ǿˣ
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һ˲Ųͽƴһ˹ȥǿһѱǺ죬쳣ܡ
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ʱѰ¶֮ɫ
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ˣҼǵϼ˾Ҳڴ˽ɣ
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ϼ˾öɫʱһ䣬죬ȥϼһҶǲˣ


3212 
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ŴѰȫŲơ
Ѹأļ󣬿ȴ˲Щ
ҲҿѰڣһŲƣǸûжȥ
·ѰҲ˽⵽Щźϼ˾һֱƽ磬ǲ뿪һֱ޷˽ع
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Σޱȵʱ̣زܵĪĴ̼ȫƴ㽫һȫתһӿֲֳޱߵ֮硣
ҪȥѰӲҪߣ


3213 Գж
ĵһĻ֡
Уһһ֣֮貺嫣һӿ顭
һԪ۶ɣ
֮
Ӷʹɱ䣬ʹ
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źϼ˾̧ۣͼѰ
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㶼֪ж֪ܲôı
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ٿü游ֻ̫ȴСѵĴ硭Ҳȥ̨һ⣿
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é®УһͦӰ˼⡣
Ѱ䲻ȥն·УӦʤˡһϣд֮丶ۣӵһˣҲοԺˡ


3214 ̫ĺϷ
С
֦ϵĺѻԥã̲סԳʱжģ
̫׵𣬡СѻԳ˿жٱ
ѻ˼ľƣǣһȫԳһػϫᡢٿյ˹עǲ֪ǻ̲סڴ˿жĻԳɾΣˡ
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컯ˡ򡭡ЩУҲ֮ڱ仯ܻ
֮ڵĸ֮ʱѰףԼ֮ԱǺйء
һܹܣʹ֮ɱ
ӵͬ˷ԡӼƼɵֶΣʵֵı仯
֮Ǳ;ߵһ;Ҳǳϫ̫ȴһֱһ
ɱйأȻԵü侪ˡ
ѰĵУȻף֮ıʣһ䡯ϣܴʹɱ䣡
ıȻӵдƹһУ߸֪Ŀܣ
ЩѰһֱڲİأѳԽ鱾Դİ֮С
鱾Դܹ츳츳йأǣ֮
ܾǰ̫׾֮ڵĸ磬Ҳƿȸ֮
ҲɴˣѰжϳ̫Ѵ֮żĵУҲעԲοɱȡ
˵ո鱾ԴѰʵҲѴ֮ż
ңյ壬ܴʹɱһź֮йصĴҲûʲô
ǰΪĥıܡ
ڣ̤Բز֮һЩ˼ͻƣ
ЩڳԽʱƿص壬׾پͽ峹ںϡ
ںϵĹУҲ֮˼ı仯ӶõѰһĵҲ΢ı仯
ֱ仯ݣͷ·ļٲܾʹϵ
ֻҪ岻ϱǿĵкͻ᲻ɱ㡣
ȻֻѰĸܡ
֪΢ı仯ζʲô
ΪڹУռ֮ڴ˾в΢仯ûб˶غʹ˵ûУ
֮һоδ֪
Ѱȷ΢仯Ȼ֮йأ


3215 ն֮
Բ;ռҲ֪;ռ
;֮ϣǷĴڸߵĵ;
ھУһ޽⡣
ɶѰԣҿ϶˵б;ߵĵ;ǱȻ֮
ΪҲż
Һ˲һżʱԵ׾٣ûκεѺ谭
Ҳ̫ǰ㣬̽ʮ꣬Ҳʮʧܣڴӳ֮У̽ĴڣӶӸ鱾Դд֮
ף壬ѰܾǰʵѾ֮
磬ͽƽȻʱʵǶһ
ٱʦʱҲˡ
޷ǣΪ֪֮Ĺˡ
ڣԲռ֮УѸҲк󣬸ܵ΢ı仯ʱѰ֪ԼҲϵ˳Խ;֮ϵ
λֻתޣҲѳƵһ֮
ϫǰܹǽ̫͡һȼ磬ӹɣҲȻҲ֮
ҹʵתޣ֣֮Ͼҹǵڸ鱾Դе츳̲֮
ڲУѰ뵽˺ܶ࣬еҲҿ࣬˶Դ֪ڷ΢ı仯

һº
Ӵ
ϵϢҲѷ˵ı仯
Բ
ע⵽һĻѰ̲ס
һˡ
ѰʱЦҹʣԶڵ㡣
ⲻҪת޵Ŀôֻնļ;ȫڵҡ
ѰΪȻǷѿ뿪
Ӧÿˡ
ٿӿֳ֮һƬ޾ҹڰأڳŵʹ緱ǵ㣬תУ䣬ȻҹٺڰҲ޷ЩǳĹʡ
䣡
һ̣ع
ڲԶǱ޵Ķźϼ˾Ҳ׷׸
Ҫ뿪ˣʡ
Ҳ뿪ˡ
ѰЦԺλǰѾԻ
ŷ˸ۣô˵ΪǶûᴳ˽𣿵ŰɣԺȥ㣡
ϼ˾Ц
ѰȻʹλǰʱұɨԴ
˭Ҫ˯һŴɣûֻҪ׼þˮɡ
Ѱ
ЦˣŵıԺƢǺǰһ
䣡
غƽ綼ɶ
ۿɼһƬĻӿ֣ǴԼ޳ӰԡС
ôˡ
źϼ˾񶼱΢
Ѱִƽ絽ڣҲµʱѡ
ն·ϣԼߣִһһֱ̨ϵ㡣
ܿ죬ŤͷĿ⿴ѰѰԼڻشˣΪѰġ
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֮ǰ͸߹ն·󣬾ʹ̨ϵȴ
̨һν޵ߣ̨ܵıӻ¾ǸҲ޷̨
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ȻЩϢǶŸѰġ
һطԶʱڳķؽУȥͷ֮
ϧطҪķѼѪʹۣÿǧҲֻܶһΡɷ֮ڣߡ
ѰյִʱžѶùһΡ
ʶŲŻ˽⵽̨һЩ顣
ˡ
ܿ죬ų֣Ӱٿʧ
λǰҲҪһˡ
Ѱתźϼ˾ֵ
߰ɣõȡŴߴٵ
һϼ˾ЦǺǵҿɺڴ뿪ʱع񡣡
ѰЦЦٶԡ
һ̧ųǰȥ
һεŻӿ֣ѰĽŲʱǡŻڡ
ӰŻʧ
򵥵һĻöźϼ˾һۣ⧲֮Уˣ
عأ
أ
ôͳͳˣ
ãϼ˾񣬡ǳ֮ˣзǳ֮£ص뿪ʽѰϣҲ
ų̾Ժ󰡣ٺΪãŵķǱǧٿײɡ
ϼ˾Ȼ
ʱҲѲ²⵽ںʱѰѻûӵ뿪ƽʸ
ˣڴʱǰ뿪

һ죬治Ѱһ·ţҡȥ

һƬ޾С
һ籾Դ۵ĵ·У޾
ն·
ԪУҲ˴ţȴն·ϣûִܵڡ
һɺͿɲĵ·ϣնȥڡδ֮ȻеĵףҲǾһ
ৣ
ѰӰƾճ֡
ն·ô
ѰʶȥӦȴֻܵһƬ翵Ļ磬ٸܲĶ
ǵϣܸ
ѰһţӰƮȻն·ϡ
˲䣬Ѱǰ䣬ĳлݣ½Ļۻǰһš
Ҳ֪á
ѰҰʱͼԼһо󣬻۳һӣӳԶС
ĳӣ
Ѱͫһ
һĻ͵ԴݹʱӼƣӳһС
ԣ
ܿ죬ѰͲһ˿ӳֵĹУԼԼȥһо;һɬصĽϢ
ǹһжȫѵĺû
ˣǴšȥĽѳӣҲνն֮١ѰȻ
뵽⡪
䣡
һһӳȻ
޷ܣΪȻѳʱںδ
ѰҲûܡ
һϣδĻѰľУȴֱƱƥļ⵶ݺݴһǡ
Ѱǰһڣ͸оԼһеӤǰӳֳģһӢӣУһѪˮķǵ
ԼŴѾʿѪ졭
ǻݵҸյ֮ʱ
ʶһ㣬Ѱôˡ
Ϊ̫ϤһĻˣǺܾǰּҵѪ
ʱףͰһǱּңΪԼϵıԴ
һжʵģٻֻǷڹУͬ׷ݽ
ڸӦģǻ׽ٵԣ
ѵ˽ҪҵĹȥУĨɱ
Ѱ뵽⣬һ
׷ݽ磬֪ڹϣ޵߿ȥıԼˡ
ǰģһն֮ٳĹУҪȥĨɱˣ


3216 ȥ Ѱ
µǣһжʵģ
һѣȥѰɡ
ڵҲѶ
뵽⡪
ͼŹǵףغݺݳʺ
ʱѰһеӤ֮ܵס
صʱ̣Ѱ͵ʶһ¡
еӤվǹȥԼ
ԼܸӦһУ޷⵽ն֮ٵӰͳ
Ҫһɱ٣ףҪڡԼ
˵ʱʱ죬һѺݺݴ£ۼͽеӤȴһֻڴ˿̳֣߬ס׵õµĹǵֻҪӤѰʺ
ֵֻ׼۰᪣
˿̵İ᪣ȴǱڡѰơ
飡
ֽ᪻һķɳȥ
ҲڴʱѰǰһжʱӰɢ
ӦӰͳڿɽУʱԼ
һªķ䣬齺һЩģһյƵ͵°߲Ĺ⡣
һĻѰޱϤ
ȴɫһ䣬ն֮ٵ¹ϣԼƾ衰ڡı䱻ɱ³
뵽⣬Ѱ͵ŶӰԶ񱼶ȥ
ܿ죬һɽڳѰҰС
¹ǽӽɽУ뿪һɽ
ԭڣ·һ¹ֲá
ԥѰһԾС
䣡
ѰӰʧһֲϢԶȻ¹£һʱ˿ɽ
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ѰǰĻʱɢ
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ǰεľ飬ѰһʱͶ϶һεն֮٣ܻϣ
ʱӵеսɸͲǵʱֵܹ
ѰһһʱϣֱǰŽ
ڷҳһ¾ɵľ䣬е׭ʺͱʼóҧָ⣬һѪڱʼС
飡
ķ飬Ӱֱӳеİ׹սìѴſɲķâѰȥ
ٶ֮죬ֱ˵
һȴ̿ˣ׭ʺͱʼںϣͨؾҲʱѰӰС
һҲ֮ɢ
ֱʱѰѾס
˿̵ն֮٣նǹȥԼ˽ܹڹȥκϣЩѺͳУ
ڡն·ϵԼҪֹһУַֻ
һƾ衰ȥԼȥӦԡ
һáڵԼùȥ˺ȥֹһС
ڶԸʱǡڵԼðȥֹס
ֵһǣΪ᪵ʱҲǸУʶſԱá
ַʽԱ뵱ϣȥն֮ɵľ֮£ҳһ·
ڿɽУҪ㿪¹µĻɱѡǿɽĴ뿪Ψһ·
¹µĵУɱʱֱ練ơ
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˵ɱУѰжгٻػùȥԼն֮ٸˡ
ЩѰ侲ˡ
վվ·ϵʼȫݹȥһоЩпɱ٣ҳеġ·
ȥˡɱ١
׵۹һּ̤ϴķҹҲ
տԼĴѰתӡ
Ҳں׷
·;ϣѰˣüζѣȴڿĿĵء
̨
䣡
ϼ˾֣սҲɱ
ϼ˾ȻǱڡѰƣ˵ʱΪҲն֮١
ʱն֮½ѰĹУÿһζѰ֮С
ʱһǰ·ϣնֱ֮ӻʱԾѵʦųϣѰǿλ꺣ϵԹӹ˸׷ɱ
ڹŻ庣ϣն֮ٸǻأ
Ҫ֪ʱؿӵԶŻĿֲս
ãѰͨؾܿһµɱ١
ĳʤÿһζֲޱߡ
أѰȴӦһУҡڵݳһпܳɱٵĵطҳ·
õùȥɱʱѾܹػ⡣
ʱ䣬ն֮ٳǿչŵڰ硢ǧս硭컯֮桢桭
ѰӦʱĵӦ
ֱѰǰʱһɱٳ׽
ѰʶҲ׻ָ
ն·ϣѰȴһĸоʤɱٺ󣬾ͷն˹һƵġ
նȥ֮նʵǹȥеͼ׷ݹȥԸȥԼʱҲҲֵĻᡭ
һ̣Ѱˡ
ͽСնȥ
նĲǹǹȥ֮ʹ˭޷ȥƻǹ
ͬʱѰܵԼϵĴڴ˿̲˵ı仯ԷɬģĻϡ
Ҳֻһֶѣδĳ׻Ϊ
ɱ䣬Ѱһ񣬹Ȼϼ˾ԣն֮·ϣһĵӵɱ䵽Ļᣡ
䣡
ԶУ͵һס
ѰȻ
ͼУһεӰһϮ°ɫɫϣģһʣϵĵУѰһģһ
羵еѰ
һĻʱѰжȻⲻǻ󣡶ʵڵԼ
ܸܵԷϳֳ
ѵԽն֮٣
Ѱü
ԶѰƾЦն㣬Ҿ㡣նңҡ
仰ԵúĪһì֮С
Ѱڴ˿ȴ侲ϲһģһˣҲע㣬Ҳעҡ
ŶġѰѰԼоޱȹ죬ޱų⣬ͬĴڣܵǰδеð
ޱȲ
ҵĵһģһҲһҾǽ㣬ڵҡ
ԶѰȻųңζųԼ
ųĲԼųն֮Ķ
˵ţѰ̤ǰһȭȥ
ԶѰƾ㲻ܣӰֱӱȭ顣
ͬʱѰԼȴȳһѪͷ·һȭԼϡ
ཻڴˣѰиӿڵľɫѵǼһԼ
ԼһȭеΪ˵ȴԼ
ˣԼ˭
ʱԶС
ѰӰٴ۳ȻңҾ㡣ôֻԼɱԼ
ŵ˵ʱЩһֱѰߵڴˣ¶ֲĸѰ
ʱѰһЦˡ
ָָԼλãϧϾն֮ӵϢȴ޷ӵľ


3217 Ľ
ľ
ġѰЦˣˣұһľȻҲһȻЩ壬ף֮䣬ֻһ
˵ţ̧֣һָ鰴
䣡
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У̻ŵľİС
Ѱһ
һϢԼ˽һɾĴƣޱϤǺһԴһ
֮һ֮⣬еڶʩչ
ڣȴġѰʩչѰԼܲ
ȥ
һȡ
桰ѰֵȻ̬ѰһվӰĴ
Ѱ룬ǽն
ֻǣҪȥӦʱȴط֣Լʧȥеƿأֻһ١
ۣ
һ֮£ѰشѪ嶼һۣ㿪ƶǡ
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ڴˣѰԽܵǣԼȴԭӦԼһشˣ
ˣն㣬Ҿ㣬֮ǵľ顢СǻۡһˣȫңҲڳȫԼ
ԶѰȻڡ
˵ţ̧һն
飡
Ѱûֵܵסһݿ壬ײƣ粼Ѻ۵Ĵ֧顣
ˣѱһĻĻ˶һԳܵı֮С
ѰûС
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ԶѰ΢΢ü
ɾڴʱѰȴվֱǲƲѪǣɫ쳣ƽˣڵڣԵģֻľϳֵһ١ˡ
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ͬǡѰնʵҲԼʩչԼһնԼȻܱܿ
ףһж⡰Ľ١
ѰΨһû뵽ľǣԼǵľ裬ȴҲڲ֪УɴҲɼһն֮ٺεȿֲ
ֲ̤ϴ·ҲǾһˡ
ʵѰ֪ն·ϾգҪԶԶЩ̤ϴ·Ľɫ
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Ҳһ̣ܵնĽһ˲Լľնһε˶һ˵ɺڡ
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֮ǰԡȥն֮٣նǡȥ
ʱԡڡն֮٣նǡڡ
ˣһһһһУٲᱻ㵽ᱻ͸֪
ͬʱһ籾Դӽն·ӿ֣Ѱصĵû
ۿɼƼڼ֮ͻָѰܵԼյĴһɱ䣬ԽԽڻ֮״
նȥ֮ն֮ɱ٣ȴҲ½μԪõһڻ֮
Ѱı仯˰˸֡ʼơ
ƽʱһĴѽɱΪ֮ڣĴڳŻ֮ɱš
ɱʣ
ãѰϵı仯Ļ
һϢÿ翣ǣȴʱ֮⣬֮ϣ
Ҳ֪ġδ֮١вŶɱ
˼ʱѰǰȥ
ն·ɻ籾ԴϢۣᴩ޾Уһֱûоͷ
һ·ϣѰʱʱ̿ھ
ɳϵǣһ·ȴûгκһ˿գ˶һЩ翵ѣЩҲûκΣա
ֱǰ˲֪ãѰüͷ
ն֮·նǹȥڡδ֮֮ǰѾ˹ȥɱ٣⡰δ֮١ȴٳٲ֡
Щˡ
òЩԡδնٰ֮ɣ
Ѱ㣬ĿٴοԶƯе
ȥն֮ǰն֮·ޣû
֮Щֵ֮ġ
һ·ϣȻЩɼȴκΣգѰҲûиеκһ˿вڲŻԡ
ڣþòδ֮١֣ѰʶЩʲôŹˣ
뵽⣬ѰһͷųʶԶȥ

ЩһһȴܵŰ㣬ԶȥΨֱѰʶ㡣
Ȼ⣡
Ѱһݡ
ͲЩɻδ֮٣ȴΪοƺɵԼȥӽ


3218 ̨ǰɱ
Ѱԡ
ն·޾УƯҝģһƬһƬĻɫ

ѰʶɢһƬȥ
Ҳܾ㣬Զȥ
ˣѰüЩδն֮٣ȴ¿ң
δն֮١ѵ˵˽Ѳҵġδ;ϣûֵĻ᣿
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ĵУƿ֮ҲݳһЩδйص
ÿһεõԳֳһ䡱֡
ˮ޳ƣδ֮Уһ̶
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ʱͲġ䡱
Ѱ֮Լδĵ;ֳ䡱̬ƣԼĴΪĪĹϵ
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֮ѰƲУԼδںܾǰܵӰ죬ֳһֲԤ֪ı
ڣն·ϣǲԼʱѰԼЩˡ
δ֮٣նԼδ֮
ΪԼδ֮δ֮ٶ޴֣
뵽⣬Ѱ񶼱ˣһδն֮·
ˡ
ѰϣȻǲҾǱǡ
һ
ӰȻ⣬ĴԨɲǼתǧٴΣֱһɨķ籩а㣬¡¡֮ʼ޵м
ն·ЩҝܵţͼԶԶʱȴܵԨ֮ǣɣõǲܿƵسѰ

һƬƬҝתĴԨЮӿѰڡ
һ˲Ѱܵһն֮ٵѱԼĵ飬ӿԼں󣬷һƻɬĻ籾Դ
Ȼδն֮Ϊκβңųٳٲҿ
Ѱ˼ʱУԴԴϵϯԨУӿڣƻ籾Դ
ѰܸܵԼһĴڲ仯ڻ֮״ϱۺ񡭡
Ҳ֪á
䣡
ն֮·ȫһʱѰϵĴɱ䣬ȫ˻֮
磬Ī״
ţʵɱ䣬ֳʵԭʼϢ
ǰʱѰҲ֮һĻ籾ԴϢȵȡ
Щֻǻġ֦ĩڡʹ֮·ϵġ硱ȫһ
򵥵Ӿǣ޵߶ԴƿأҪϡ⡢ʥ򡢵۾򡢲෨ȵȲΡ
ڣɱһ̡
ֱ֮󣬱֮֮󣬱ǻ磡
ΪдţĻԽ࣬Խϣռ֮ʵֳѣ
ԭڴˣһִƴɱΪĲʱ͵ڶԡشﵽ䱾Դʡʱ
ܹ˾ߣεĵУǿĸܹӵװܡ
Ѱ㣬ܵʱԲεĽɫֲһˡ
ϣ˿Ρ
;ϣѴ֮У
һУΪҲԲг΢ı仯;ľͷһԾһ
ˣıԴıʣͨʵİأնȥڡδ֮⣬;ٲǻ硣Ψˣɻߵ;֮ϡ
ãѰૣΨˣž߱ȥδ֮ĵ̣
ܵ㱾ʰأҲᵽڻڣ˶Դ֪ȫͬˡ
ڵһУ㣬Ϊ֮ĸ
Ѱ
ˡ
أһѰѣ۾ŷ֣Լ֮أѲն֮·ϡ
һǧɷΧص̨ϡ
̨ԭʼӡŻƣɢһƻҝĻһڴ˽籾ԴϢ̨С
ڵ̨ԶһƬ磬ãغأԼɼһһؾǳ㣬׺ؼ䣬飬֮һֱ鲼

˿֮أ̨
ѰĿ̨򣬾ͼһȺӰǣΪ׵һɽߴӰһԺڰ˫ģԳ
Գ棡
ѰͫһС
ڻʱͺͶԷĵҵɱĿܲϵã
ԳǾˣѰͬϤ̫ŲڻʱѼʶԷĵҵࡣ
ˣԳԱߣֱһߣԼһɮۣ͵ĺС
Ȼ׽ʦ׺ʦͣ
ۼһȺ˾ǰȺǣѰҲٸ⡣
Ѱһ࣬
ŤͷԱߵѰʱЦˣȻԼ紳ն֮·
Ѱİ
ĪҪż뿪
Ѱ֪Լִһ̣һѵȴõĲѾĻ
ǰֵԳ̫Ų׺ֻͣǺϷݵĻ֮ˡ
šͷ
˴ʱҲʶҪԵģһ޷ԤϵĿɱ٣
¡
ֻҪѰڣ޾һС
Գţ˽ԳԳ棬ֵѡ
̨ԶԳ濪ڣϺأɫ򲻱ϲκ
ڴ˵ȴܸòӭĳİɣ
Ѱɣ˵
ֻ̨Ҫվﲻ˾붯֣ҲҲκλᡣ
Ѱɻǣѵ˴ʱʦͽǰǣȴ᲻
Ҳԣ³ֵֻһЩ̫׵£ֵʦԶ֡Ѱа
ͬʱԳֵڵִ;ϣ˽飬ҲӦ֪Уǵѣڵֵѵִ
˶٣ҵڴغ޷ֻΪһ¡
£Ѱ
ԳֵѸߣߣֵߡ
һҵף޷Ǵһܵ飬һ˭ĵиߡҵǲףΪ˵ֻ
Ѱü
ԳʵϣʦᡢϫٿЩˣҲ֪Ϊһжڴ˵ȺֵѡµҲûıҪ
˵ţĿ⿴Ѱƽһģһʼʱ򣬾עǱɣ
˵ѰģҲ˵ǰеġ
һʼͱɣ
ѰһĬЦôĿֻעе˵ģɼ̫˵ģĵ
ԳΪˣӲ̸Щ֣Ҳỳһ㡣
Ȼ˵ȻڣֵѿĪҪѴ˻ΣϾһˣʱҲȥĴ̫Ҳ̫ء
⣬Ҳֵġ
һֱƽĵѰһʵ
ɻζȴѰüͷ


3219 Ұ ǰ

ؽ硣
üͷ𣬡һʼɣ
Ѱִ̨һ̣ע⵽ЦŶԽ˵Ľʹ˿ʼ
ɵԳĻЩ⡣
˻ȻԳ˼ⱳŵ̫̬ȡ
֮µ̫ĵ˵ɡĸ֣֮
⻰ܺ⡣̫Ѱ֮ǰңټϳϫͳٿգѴڱĴС
ĬƬ̣Ϊ֮ȷѷ̫һУгϫλִֻص״ڣڴϺ̫̫˻ΪϫҲ䰡
Щĥ͸
̫Ȼ˵ȻΣϾȴڣѸûбҪȥźװǻơ
ôֻʣһֿܡ
̫в֣
Ҵ˾ԶԿϫЩ̽䣡
뵽⣬üҲһĨء
˿ᣬ֣ٵȵȿĲŸտʼ̫ͳϫɶж
˵ͷ

ɡ
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ڱ˿Զ񷣬̫ȻѰҲһֱˣǽ͵ĽУסһʱסһ
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ԳͷɫƽɣѰķӦ
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ٿգ㲻ġԳĿ⿴ٿգɫƽװ˵
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˵ţԪ˺󣬶ӰӿֳһɿɲĻ罣⡣
һ˲绯һλףâ
Գ棬һԸߵͣڴʱΣٿտڣ޾ĽԽ쳹
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ԲϢһҲ֮Ѱһ۾Ϳٿϵϣɿ
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㲻С
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һƬᣬһȼհĵָһϵһ糱쳹Ƭء
εĽ⻯ȻʱյԳɢȥ
ԳɫƽɣҲߵľλס͵ӰԱŲƵ
ͬһʱ䣬̽Ϊȭӡҡ
䣡
εĽһը
һĻѰҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫԳȻҲԲڣһһ⣬ʵֳԲ©̬ƣиɻ
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ٿݽǰһ̣лӿ֣ӰĻ潣꣬ɽӣĿޱߡ
һǣǴıԴ˵Եֵ
ͼԳ۹ĵߴɽӰһӷ֮Բ̫˫
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ʱȭϵĵ;֮ײƬضϼת
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ѰڵĿ⿴ȥ˲ϢжϣսУЩεĽɫϲˣһϣɡ
Ϊǵǣ;ռ֮ãʱһһ޲;۷֡
ҪҪô˻ᣬȰЩһɱˡ
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Щɫڽ֮ǰѰֻȥĴڡ
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ˣǻɡ
Ѱ̧ۿԶǲãأ̨ʶܵơ
ȴҶ϶̫ѻԼʦ𡢽ͳϫ¶ǹע﷢һУ
ԼһһעעģһԼ뿪̨˵׼ͻԤı
һֱȥƾ֣ѵвûȥԿ̫ĵô
ʵ
ѰһסЦ˵ĶԣֻվȥǿʲôģЩΪѰ㡭
֮ǰͲ²⵽е˼ȻڵȴԼǱȻв֡
ʶŻڵִû㿴һΪԼĵٱ̫׼˶ֶԸԼ
ڣⷬȴ͵طӦԼһֱȥעһֱڱУ
Ҫƾ֣ȻҪ֣
ɿ֪жٵֶκ͵ƣ
ʵ㹻ǿֺξƾʱֵɱ٣
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ֻǣʦЩˣŻǣҲһֻں㡣
ʱֱӵ뷨һѪ
ΨһĹǣʲôͶ֡
ѰĿ⿴
㵣ĽսУֵıܵǣۣԴҶ
˲ˣϬҲˡ
Ѱͷ
ûоܾá
֪ѰôΪҪˣܻܾ
ѰЦˣ۷֮óһӰС
֮Ѱгƽ
ɱٿֲ벻
ڵҰ
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ͬһʱ䣬ԪڼĳٿպԳ棬Լǵȴڲͬؾеᡢϫ̫ȴڣҲˡ
εĿ⣬ѰһԻ۶


3220 ɱ ƽؾ
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ѵһ̨ϲɣ
ЦҲ𣬡䣬ͨǳǰܣվҪֵ¼¡
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޷͸ζţѰĵԶԶǵ֪
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ڶؾڣһɲϢֻغ񹂺ۼ
Ȼǳϫǰڵؾ硣
ؾڣһƬ磬б̹ǵϢӿ֣ҲһӦļɬϢ
׽һɬϢѰʱϤ֮Уɣ̫׵Ϣڸ֮ʱͼʶ
һ̹ǵϢȻ̫µһ̺ѻ
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ʡ
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Уé®һžȵ̾
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˼ˣżĲŸտʼСѣҸһЩᣬúÿһ򡣡
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á
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ߣҴӦ𣿡
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ҪߣӦ
ԳɫĮƽ
䣡
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ۣ
վӰʱٿǻһ󼱾̲סȳһѪ
һĻȫٸ⡣
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ৣ
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Ѱָ̳
һƾնԳ棡
ܵһ̺Ϣʱǲž㤵ط֣ľ˲ȥֵͷֻʣ;
һնԳ桭
ǶһǳԼָжֲ
ҲʱǲףΪѰ֮ǰǰˣڵ;֮ϣѰѽЩԶԶ˦
ѰһԳߴɽ͵СߣһϢȴ֮ǿһأ
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䣡
춯صı쳹ϯƬء
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ѰһҲڸҶ϶ԳʵΪˣԲǺԼһڴ˾һ
ȻԳ֮ǰ˵һĴһʼעǱɡ
˿Գʵ̫ĵ֮һ
һΣҡ
ٿ˹´ѰҲһ̫϶ǶϲԳʹ˳ˡ
ȷû뵽ն·ѰжѴﵽȵزˡ
ǰɲ˵ĺõط
ѰЦ
֮ǰľ棬ȻѾ⣬һ뵽ԳǱ¶ѰҲҴ⣬˭Ҳ֪̫ǷֶΡ
ҪҪȥһ游ٿշ롣
Ѱ룬ǵҰݼʦȥݼϫǰɡ
ٿյ˵ͷɻôоԳǳߵ̫ͻȻˣȻҲһЩվЩͷβ֮С
ѰԲΪԳֲ¶ʵ治׾ʹ˻⡣
ٿһ˼⣬ʱһʱ游֣Գػȫ赲游֣Ҳ赲һʱ䡣ô˻ᣬ̫϶ֶܳԸ㡣ʱʦͽһ֣Ҳֹ̫
ⲢڮͽĵвУ˭Ψһв̫Ƚɫģֻгϫһˡ
һϫ裬̫޿ƥУ޿赲
ΪѰĵУ˴ǰԲΣһɱֳ˱
ڲһк̫ϣԳѡ˴˳롣
˵֮ǰľ濴ڼʱĻвһ
һ࣬ԪٿյķҲһľɫˡ
ȷѰϵġһ̲صɱ㹻ˣ


3221  Ī֮
¡
ѰͳٿաԪһԶӶȥ
·ϣѰҲ˽⵽Ԫ˺ͳٿһЩһֱںС
ʦ𷽴֮ͽڷؽ硣
ڵǱߡ
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ԳλںС
ĸؾ磬һͬĵطǾǿмȡĻ籾Դ
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ճٿյ˵嫣ֲؾʤ硢ؽ硢̫硢ؾ磬ѿؾ֮ˡ
ҪһڣĸؾУлӦءϢ
أڣֱдһ;֮ϵĵ;
֮
У̫ϫϴڣһֱڸӦеϢ
һ̸߽ţѰؽڡ
˽ɵһޱȡ
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¹ȥˣ⻹ǵһν̫ܾ֮ء
ããؼ䣬ɽһϢԵЩ谵ģ
ܿ죬һͺͺĺɫڴϣǡ
֦ϣһֻëīѻһɺͫ͸Ө̫µһ̺ѻ
С㣡
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˭û뵽̫ŵҪıȡһ컯

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˶٣зӳۣ֮ԭӦǸӵУȴֺҲȻʱƾۣ֮ҽ֮ţ򵽸鱾Դһ֮գ֮۱ϾǴжʧˡ
˵⣬Ҳһ˿ɫ˼ǣ֮֮ȴѰУɲɺ϶ֿݡ
ҹʣڸ磬Ю֮۶ӣת֣֮֮ͨͨ˴Ԩ츳ȴδؽ֮ƿ֡
ҹתѰʱǡѰԴԨѪͨؾ֮ʱ
ʱԨҵѰΪԨ츳ϲѰס֮ۡ
ҵ֪֪ˣѰܹñס˱йء
˵֮أĹޣйءͬӵת֮ͬأʶϵɱҲѰйء
ѰػԾ
ΪܾǰȷԨڣԡУ
Ҳζţܹӵн֮УҲܹ֮Ӱ죡
һУѱ̫ʶˡ
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ҲΪ˱ҹʣ˴Ԩ񷣬ѰԵҸȤĵط
ѻ⣬һ˵ľ㤸оΪۣ֮Ѱ֮䣬Ҳǣһ


3222  ֮Կ
̫룬ɲףһжѰӵейء
壡
ѻҲͷѰΪγҲΪص
̫пò˵ѰһʦҲ֪ƶϳ졯ģⷽ棬Ҷòᡣ
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ʵ޷˵Գ̫ߣһֱ͵Ծӣ¹ȥһֱ̫£Ӳ¶κĵط
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ǽ̨ǰԳ汩¶ԶԲεĵУȥ
С㣬ǰԳ
ѻӿ˵ŭ⣬ƭº󣬻޷õһԼԽܵɡ
Сѻò˶ͻ֪ģĪҪԳ棬ġ̫
һӣѻĵŭⶼ˿ɬΣĬȻ
˵ǳϫʶҵݣ
Գʵ
̫У׹ֻأٳ֡²㣬Ͼѱ¶һЩʵػľ衣
⵹޷
Գɫƽ
ŰɣѾʼҵ뿴һҲ;һѰܴдҶٵľϲ
̫ʧ
ԳĬƬ̣תȥ
ѻĿԳıӰʧӡ

硣
ٿն游ϫӵé®ǰһƨһʯϣ游ҿǷСһ
Գ
ң뵱컯֮棬ĵҪԶԶѰ֮ϣѰͽԳɱ
ѵѰһ
컯֮棬㲻ǰɱһѪ·ȶ飬ӲôģΪѣҲͲȥ˭Ƿ˭顣
é®УϫʵοԳҪԸĲ㣬Ҫֹ̫ȥѰˡϾֻʵܳ䲻ȥҡ
ٿյ˵ͷɻ游ԳǺʱ̤һģУǶУΪδûвһ˿
é®УϫĬƬ̣ǰһˡȷһҲûвıò˵̫Գ棬صĿɶġ
ٿ룬Цã̫ԳصҲû뵽СҲһտʼһ֣Ҳƽֶѣɲ̫˵ǡɡ
̫ˡ
ϫ̫ĺ֣עֻܾԳһˣ˵ȻֶΡҲ޷ĵվҪֵ¼¡
ٿü游һֱһ²⣬Ϊֱ̫Ӷ֣˵ΪҲҪһֱȥ
̫뿴һСıڸӦʱһ仯⣬Ƿȫ֡
é®УϫҲ뿴һѰϵıǷܴǰһ֡
˶٣ϫԽԺڴ˽УĪҪˣרڵ;
ٿյ˵ͷ

ؽ硣
Σɽ续ؼ֮뵣Уֱ˻ʱ
Ѱ룬һ۾Ϳ˲ķ֮ͽ
ǰһۣò񳣬ϢȻ翡
ɺ͵ʱǰ㣬³㣬ò꣬γɾЦݡ
Ѱһμʦ𷽴֮ıҲ⼤񣺡Ѱʦ𣬼ǰ
ẬЦɡ
Ƭ̺һɽ£˵ϼεӿŨĻ籾ԴϢ
ϥȡһɻɽȪһЩҶŽ¯С
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Ѱ֮еľһһ˵ˡ
֪Ѱ彫Ĵʦ֡ЦЦοʱҾͲһЩߣ϶ʦ֡˵ɸоʵԡ
ʵСѣƿشﵽεȵزˣ
ҲѴ֮Ѱ룬˵ҪϸϸƾУѳ;ķ롣
Ͼ嶼壬õѰĵ;ѴԲвϸ΢ɱ䣬˸ߵĵ;
ܷһۣ
ƺΪ档
ѰЦкβɡ
˵ţָһһĻɬϢӿֶԡ
ӦƬ̣ĬȻ
ѿɸӦʲô
Цʡ
ȷѳ;ķ룬ǣһ޷ĥġ䡯֣١Դսᡭƺӡڣϸȥãȴ磬Ī״տҲʵ֡
һ״磬տҲ
Ȼû룬ѽһϢУóôĪҲѴ֮ż
һԳЦˣǾͺˡ
ѰҲ˽һۣǰ㶴֮γ޷Բһ˵׼ֻҪһǰɴ㴰ֽ
ˬʵЦݣʦͽҪɱôЩСѸյִвɻ󣬶ҲСһк֮ô˻ᣬǿԺúһġ
£һ裬һ̸֮£ѰҲƬ˽һ˽⡣
ҲѰףȻ֮ǰƲǰ㣬Ƿ֮ϫٿǣ̫ȵжǿߣڵȴִ
ԭڣ˶϶ӵԼлҳһͨصġ·
֮УͬһԿףܹȽ޾µĴţ


3223 С
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ϫ̫λͣҲ롣
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֮УǵĵУܹظӦصĴڣҲܸͬܵһɴɱ١
֮
ˣǲŶݷУֻܸȥӦеϢԴݺĥеǰ
ڣѰִ˶ʶˡ
˽ЩѰҲһĬ̺͡塱йص顣
Ϊλǿչŵڰ硱У
ȴͽйأ
Ѱеɻ
룬˵ľٷͳ֮Ժľ֮йءû֪ҵ̤ϵ;ġ
ԱߵĽȻֵ̤֮·ʱĪǻõʦУ
ҡͷ̸ʦУӦһ׮Ե
˵⣬ӷ׷֮ɫ̤ϵ;ǰֻһ޵ɵõʧˣݷù֮أȴΪ޶ۣ̫Եʣű˾⡭
Ȼģʱȥ˺ܶطͼѰһңţգֱ٣ʱûԸ
Ѱһ
ûʦ̤֮·ǰȿĥѡ
ͼʵ߲ˣټ˥걼һԪðٲյһƬɽ֮䡣
ʱԤе٣ȴ⣬ΨһĲʾڣΪҲûż
˵⣬΢΢һЦҲʱһ׮ԵһֻտǵСӣһ鼮֣ĸ̣Ҫ֪鼮дʲô
ҿ˿鼮أֻʣʮҳдҲҲãЩҶϵãһһС
ȴΪˣҺ⡣ΪЩּѲ𣬶ƴղݡСȴ㵸˼ˣҾΪˡ
С˵ʶЩˡһ仰ȴ˵𶯡
Ȼ˵֮ǰҿԽд֣СӺܸˡÿңͰȡɽȪɽйӹ֡
û뵽Ҵȥҷǵûһ˲ˡ
һ죬Сָ鼮ϵһĻʲô˼ҿ˿ǡļԣ֪΢Ҿͽ仰˼С
Сָ꣬šġ֣ʣģһ̣סˣ֪λش𡣡
ҲǴһֱ룬Ϊ
꣬һҹˡ
˵⣬ɫҲһ˿㱣ǾһͻȻͿˣҵ֮ľγɽеĵۣһһľеʱ򣬾һͨȫĴţףνǺ
Դˣ̤һ·ҲСӴߡ߹ãã󴨣۾۵
ұСӣڹ֮ؿ˷ͳ
˵⣬ῴѰЦСӱʦ֡
Ѱ΢
ԭʦʹʦֵ˽Եģʵһ׮ԵġԵ
пˣȴڼģֵ֮ұ󼰡
Цˣҵ˲֪ţͼ̤ϵ;ȴűܣΪʹ˱գȴ֮䣬ٵһ׮Եˣ֮;
˶٣˵ڵҿٷͳǰ汾Դ֮̽۹֮䣬ľ֮ӦŲˡĴڡ
죿
ӷɫ
֮ӡ
֮棬յ͹;ÿԪ֮䣬֮ΪԴ֮֮ڵʱҲֻǹ汾ԴеһӶѡ
ݣҲֻƶϳڴ˼ԪУ֮Ȼᵮǣһƪһĵʡ
ѰΪʦУȴ˵֮͡·йأ
Ц˵ֳ̫֮Ķɾ̫ˣĻһ̫ȴڶĿܱõ
ѰһҲЦȻҲʶʦʱһ֡
һĽʵɵ֪֮ᵮǿչŵڰ磿ܾǰҿҲ߱ǵطδʲôĵط
汾Դ֮أͻǺڰıԴǵڹ档Ҳһ󣬾ƲԺ֮ػںڰ磬ǱǶͽУΪıǵ֮ʱ˶ߡ
ĬƬ̣пףһеĸԴҪѰֵڹ濪ٷͳĲһ֪֮һЩ
˶٣ֻǣ֪СѿԵõһ׮컯
Цѣˣҿɴûһͽõһ׮컯˵ѰܰҷͳҲԼԵǰš
룬Ҳ̾ȷԵǿ󲻵ãŲá
ʱѰʵʦ𣬼Ȼû֪֮İΪУЩҲƺ϶֮һǰδеı
ش𣬽Ц˵ܼ򵥣С̤ϲ;֮ϵı仯ѱ̫׶ϡ
ȻҲԨ츳޹ϵϾӦܾǰ֮Ǵзӳںܾǰͱͨá̳˴Ԩ츳ӵ壬벻ע⵽ѡ
Ѱ׹֮ڣ̫־һĻĻ
ٽ˽ϢѳȻ
׷ۣ֮
һĺģǣ̫ҹʡԼԼ֮ĵȲͬߣ
ҲΪΣԼڸʱ̫׻Լ塢֮ͳͳԭڡ
Сѣѵִ򣬵ףǼԪ֮Ļĺֱ̫ǵڼԪеĴ٣С
ƶϣΪ;Ϊ˶һճ־õĶԹ̫ػþһֶԸ㣬ΪҪϵ壬ҲҪ֮ۡ
Ѱɫ糣޶⣬ڵǰʱҾЩҲɵȥһ
ĪżȻѾʼһʤʱǻ̫뿴һӵ֮㣬ܹиı


3224 ϫѰ
صϢ
ѰȻ
رŴű;ߵһ£һӵ壬ԣһ׮컯
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ǣ̫˼֮ǰԳ̨ǰжܴܺ󣬲ûнһжԭ׼
ѰЦô˵ĻڸʱһһЩ̫Ķı仯ʱһҲ͵˷ֳʤʱˣ
ˡ
ҽڲصϢǰǰһ⡣
Ѱ˵ͷ
ʦ˼ϫΨһв̫ĴڣУȻҲȥӦеϢҲȻ˽⡣
ܸһȻ޺
Сѣ̹̣ҿصϢʱ㻹ǷؽΪá
˵
ᶼЩ⣬Ѻγԣ
ĬƬ̣˵ˣҿ̫Ĵִóϫоû뷨
˶٣û뷨СڸӦʱһЩóϫҲĵı仯ʱ
û˵꣬ɻζѺס
üӽƬ̣ɴ˹ǣҲ֮С
ЦҾ͵ıС֮ĶȾ֮ڸ˵ʵжԳϫѻǼΪƳģڣִֻ֮޼֮;ԶҿȥڮٺͲ¼ɡɡһʵ̫ݲǲСһЩ
˵ͷĿ⿴ѰΣ
ѰЦ䲻˽λϫǰȴ˽ٿǰΪˣҿǶȻ˼
Ȼǰ˵ҲǰƵȷغ֮ʱСһЩҲӦġҸϫǰ̺Ի᷵طؽ硣
ЦϣֻǶˡ
Ѱûٵ飬תؽȥ
ֱѰӰʧŽĿ⿴ѣǰʱɴӲ޶˶ȥ¼˵ģĪǷʲô
һһЦνң֮ǰ̫СѵԵʣŻ˵ͻĪ֡
˵ͷȷңͽһһԹغƵı仯ѣҲЩ
˵ţһ̾룬ʱľȴ޷ƽ
ʱ򣬲ֹң̫ϫǣȻҲǣ޶ԡ
Ĭã֮֮ǰݹ֮пԤеһ˿ףֻһ˿ǱؼѲ˼ȥ̫Уһ޷Ԥĵƣҡǳġ
ͫ΢С
֮ҡҡͷˣЩܻ֮һĵʤҲֵá
֣Ѱ˱ֻҪڣԤеһ˿꣬ǲɻ⡣
˵ͷ̸⡣

߳ؽ磬Ѱ˲͸ܵһɬصϢңԶ̫ӳңңԼ
⵱̫Ϣɣ
Ѱ΢УЦôھҪ֣
ֻô˻ᣬߵһЩйصѡؼ䣬̫
ѰüëһǰͲܴзӦ
֪ߣСҲ
̫ЦıԽҶԣγҲǱ⻹һʤʱ㵹صһڴ˼
˵ţԶһɫ磬Ѱǰ֮أһ
Уиصһĵãȥ꣬Ҳ֮
˵գɢأǴ̫ӿֳϢҲ֮ʧ
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⣬򾲾
ƺѰ벻ã̫⡣
ãԵмɵˣǷ̫һСС顭˲ԵĴɵȥǷԽˡ
ѰƵġ
ڴʱһˬʵЦ𣺡ҵ鶼ǷŻЩ˵Բԣ
ʣ糿ĺġ
ѰЦˣֵ֪ǰĻۡ
ɣѵܾãҲ±ǣ㲻Ϊѣͷͨˡ
ʵЦڻصѰѾһε
ȻԳϫ
Ѱˣٴι˹֣ųԶĺȥ
ܿ죬ӰͨĻС

̫硣
̫ҲЦˣֳ˳ϵĽײʱ૵Ѱѣϧ㲻ڣ򣬽֮ƣע˼

硣
ѰУٿѵȴǡ
Сˣ游ѵˡ
ٿЦ˵ţǰ·
ѰҲڴ
컯ʱڸ컯񷡱ϵİʱλϫǰķɡ
񣬱Ž߼Ԫ֮ϣп˫֮ɣ
ֱǰãǻʱ֮ϵУü࣬һλϫǰ
ǵȷӿֵƣѰ̾Ϊֹ
˵ĻһĵƴУͳϫŲɷָĹϾ¹ʦɽλϫǰɽʷΪǿĴˣ
ڣлһλϴѰܲڴ
游Ե̫Ͻ֮ͱõɢҶ֪ĵоǿ˺εȵز
·ϣٿЦſڣɫ価ԺͳĽ֮ɫ
̫Ͻ
Ѱһ
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ͼԶһɽϣһͦӰé®֮ǰڱһɰ㣬һ
ǳϫ
һԪϴ棡
ȥУݵ̤֮һϫһ仰óٿջһʵʵתߡ
ϫСѡ
Զϫ΢΢ȭЦڣһĿγ纣񾲣ƽͣȴľ
Ѱֵǰ
ϫЦ֮䣬Ա۽Ϊ֮ѣǰһ𡣡
Ѱ˵ͷǰ
é®ǰһŰ빣Ρ
ѰϫЦʣȾƻǳԲ裿
ܹǰϲԵơѰЦ
ѰԼǰϫû⣬ƺѣһһȥƽϡ
ҲһһƺֻƱѳڰϡ
֮ƣ꣬һֱúȣҲСѵִҲŻȥˣ
ϫЦ˵ţѴ򿪾ƺΪѰԼ
ʱһƢ
һ
ϫٱ
ѰҲЦžٱ
Ʊǡһ·ϵꡣ
ڲС


3225 Ԫ
é®ǰ
ͳϫƽ̸Ѱɡ
ֱһƺ꣬ϫ¾ƱƵ̾˿ҼǵϴʱǺǸʹصʮ̳þһһȹ⣬̲㣬Ҫٺȣ⣬˵ֻعʱһ֤ȸʹ졭һΣܶԪȥˡ
Ȼ֮ɫ
ҪǰҲҴһ
ѰЦǺ˵
ϫҲЦˣкβɣõȵһĻʱС
˶٣֪ǽҪֻޣǶϲôþƵġ
ѰһǰʵҶֻ֮Ҳ˽⣬ֻغİأҲȷţֻشڡ
ϫŹֵû˸߹㣬ұֻذ壿ңǽתʱҲ뿪
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ϫЦЦֻشںͼǰʱӵкͼ֮ˣ㱻ǡԪӦߡҲǺݳֻ֮ںͼ
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ϫ˵ͷˣֻǣת֮أҲӦһ֮
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СѣĿԻὫЩڸӦʱõһЩĵúһһ֮
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Щݳ̫ĳһ֪
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һ֮ıԴһ֮
ıԴģ컯֮ıԴǡԪӡıԴǡɽ汾Դĵġ֮һ
һ硱ıԴ֮һ
һֺ⣬֮ǰѰƵƶϡ
ڶ֣Ĵ˴֮ĹҲ⡣
أһֺ͡Ԫӡɽ֮һĴڣıԴ
Ψ֣Ѱû뵽ġ
һıԴ֮һ
̫Уν硱ɼԪ֮޾磬ɷ޾
ǿչŵǧ硢硭Щλ棬ԪһԪ
Ԫ֮ǰиļԪ
ּԪ
գԪһУ
ġ硱һС絮ʱνĻ籾ԴҲһ籾Դ
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һԪУĴԴ
ֱˡ컯ռ
Ҳ˵ԪУ֮桢桢컯桢ĴıԴԪĴԴ
УԴΪԪĺģҲ޵߼һϵ;
컯ˡռԴܻΪ˼Ԫתޡ
ĴԴ֮䣬˴˹ȱһɣĴ֮䣬˴֮γһϣѭܶʼӶάϵԪת
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˽⵽һУѰɻҲõһִ𰸣磬ĴĴں͹ȵȡ
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Ϊࡰԣǰδţ
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ϫ˵ͷ̫ȷҲһµĶܾ֡ǰ뿪˽磬桢桢컯ȫԼĴС뷨ȽԼĵ;ӵȥҲĵ̡
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˵գһ̾ϧԴ֪ͬ;ͬҲгͻνվΪѡ
Ѱ˽Լģǵˣ仰Ҳ̫ϣףһģעҪֳһʤġ
ϫʤ֮ʱ磬ô˻ᣬҵҲһЩĵÿԺСһġ
ѰЦϴ
̫Ϊ̲֮֮һԪĺıԴҿ֮Ӧóɵ;Ŷԡ
ɵ;Ѱ˼
νɣһԪĺģ֮ԴȷԪһżô֮ǵƣһ֮Դ
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3226 ʤ֮ Ӵ˿ʼ
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֪䣬ʱѴҴҹȥ졣
ͨ۵óϫҲ˽⵽ѰԴ֪ӵеĵУҲпѡ
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ǰҴ̷طؽ磬ʼȥӦص
죬Ѱϡ
ϫһЦŴӦóһ򣬵ݸѰǵǽһЩĵãݺЩ̸޶ٲ𣬲Լȥĥһ£ĥһЩһ
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뵽£оһп
꣬뻯磬лὫĵҵ֮ϡ
ˣڴʱõı㲻ǻǻ籾Դ
ĻǺֶΣڵִʱлԲȥ
ɵȴûô
ֱڣٿղףὫҵУΪ˳ȫѰͽܡ
һΪʦΪ
˵Ѱʱ뷽ɽһֱõָҵ
ˣпǷҲŻڵĻУҵУѰһͬһϵġҵɣ
ֻǣͲ֪ѰǷ뵽㣬ǷʶΪ˸ѪʹۡǺε֮
ڳٿ˼Ʈʱϫãһˣ

ٿһ£˼Ϊ˵ãҺʶڣӲضȫȥһ£ƺκǰ׾ٵĻ⣬ڣҶʱ棬ĵожǿ󡣡
˵ţЦЦ˵ߣҿǵɲ⡣
һֻڸԪеĽȴܱᶼޣҲһдĴڡ
ϫͷֻϧ󣬾һֱݷڷؽڣڵҲûܺһ
ٿҡͷҲֻֽܹüǰͣܡ
ϫ֮ϣ˭ûһЩƢҲգˡ
Ťͷһ۳ٿգ㻹ȥУ
ٿһ游ѰͽȥصİһҲؼʱ£Ļ˼ȥУ
ϫҡҡͷûٶ˵ʲôת߽Լé®
ٿظƵЦ

Ѱطؽ·ϣ̫кش̫ѣ֮ϫ֮䣬صĸǿ
ʤľô
ѰЦ
ԭֻǺеõۡ
̫ЦǺ˵ڣȴֲ֪ˣϾӳϫΪѣȻΪϫǿ
֪ˣαضһʣ
Ѱü
ϲ鲻Խˣ
ؼ䣬̫Ц죬ֱòŽȥ
Ѱҡҡͷת߽˷ؽ硣
ջΣ
ͽԵһʱӭ
ࡣ
ѰʦҴͱչһʱ䣬Ȼ㿪ʼصϢ
áͷ
СѣҪ֮˳ɡ
Ѱͷ
Ѱڷؽо
һ˿һɽ֮ϣع˴ʱĵεΣá
һδεսһδεĥѣһδεıϣѰһһ֣׽֮á
ͳ;
һº
Ѱһν
ֻһΣÿһĵ;Ϊ죬űľꡢ־һһĹɺܽᡣ
ÿһεĹɣԹ֮·вһĸܺ
ʱһơ
ɽ֮ϣѰӰһһʯһϢ׳ȥƴؼʧ㡣
ֱһ죬۾ǳϢӰһĨ˵ϡ
谵ؼ䣬ŵĻϢƺȾһɫʡ
ؽУӿһصѰһ˻۶ȥΧȸԾɽ󶼲Ѱĺɶ
ѰϣȴտҲʲôϢҲûУʲôҲӦһ˿ƶڡ
һ̵һ磬Ī״޿ݡ
ܾڴ˽ͽҲһʱ䱻֡󾪶˴˶һۣңңԶ֮ϵѰ
磬տҲૣü䷺˵ɣпСѵĵУ˿͸ˡ
д˴ˣա
оο
ʦ𣬽ǰ
ɽϣѰĿңңЦ˵ҽȥصϢڴڼ䣬֣Ȼ֮·Ϊҵǡ
ẬЦͷơ
ңң֡
Ѱ̧񷣬տҲȴһҡϵ磬ӳؽ硢ػ֮һֱ޾
̫硣
͵һҵײ
̫ڴЦҪˣҵҪػΪĵᷢεȱ仯
֦ϵĺѻҲҡҷ૵Ҫֳʤˣѵȴ̫̫ˡ
ԶϥصԳ΢΢̧ͷԶɫ価ǵĮΨһɻӿ
˫ȡ£˫һϡ
ϣ
һһһԵ϶Ϊһһڻ֮ɫĵ
ϫ֪ôҲѵȺպܾˡ
Գૡ
硣
ٿ͵̧ͷ游ʼˣ
é®УϫʵһʤʱȷˣҲֻǸտʼˣٿ
ƽҲһ˿ڴ
һ̣ԪסλĴͥĿʦ̫ŲľλҲУһʶһѽ뵽˽ֳʤʱ


3227 
Ѱʶ磬Խ޾գǰ֪ٻĿռ䡭
Ҳ֪á
أһƬĻһյϢҲ֣֮˽ɰζ
ѰһǿҵԤС
֮
Ѱȴϲ
֪ܾǰĳϫ̫λͣҲӦյ˲Խ׳һĽϢ
Ҳ֤ڡһƬأ
ûйǣûгɣѰʶһƿķ磬ֱȥ
ʶ̽縲ǵУѰһ˵ĸоѰŴĹ켣뵽ˡĸ֮С
ããĻУǡĺۼᣬȥҲȥȻȻظܵ
ͬʱҲһδ֪ϢƬƣ˽ɺͻϢ
յϢУһڴٵıԴϢ
Ѱ˲Ͳ׽һϤϢ
ǧٽ磬ѰӴ˽籾ԴУˡ١ıС
ı仯µĸԴš١Ϣ
Ϊ١ĴڣһֳһĶƽ⡣
٣ƶ񣬵Դڽߣɵ컯ٶһ̸
٣Ҳͬˡ
ӵС֣һ޵ߵ٣ڼԪ֮У˥һձһִɡ
ֻУ̫򵽽ٵıԴУӵȥú͸š١ѡ
ڴгֵġʹߡ̫͡ӡʵֶ̫Ρ
٣֮йأҲζţκһԪӿֵڣԻٴ˽١
ǹ˭
߻֮֮һ֡
һţѰʶ˳һɴٵϢȥ
أʶڻиܵԽԽۺĴϢļ֮С
ʶһƬ񱩵Ľ磬ǻɬµĽ󣬵߿裬˸ϯֲ
ѰѹֵͬʱȴҲܵһԵĸ
ȷǴٵıԴӡŴ˽ٵأ
ţ
ѰʶУһӵӰ
ӰȫɴٵıԴۣƬУ޷󣬷ÿһռ䡣
ϸʱȴֻоŴ߶ѡ
̫ӣ
Ѱһ𣬡ԣֻɴһӰ̫Ѳ
һ˼⣬Ѱˣ̫ҲӦ˽磬쵽ٵΪô˽̫ӷڴ˽磬ҹҹܴٵĴͽ
ˣ̫ӺʹٵıԴ֮䣬һɶصϵӶֻ̫趯̫ӣ׾ٵõٵ
͸ˣˣҲˡ
Ѱʶֱ뿪˽磬ȥ
һ·ϣܵ˼ϢЩϢУΪϤ컯ˡʱա
ϢʱѰһʶֱȥȻûþǻУܵ˸ıԴ
Ȼ֮һģһ̫˵ĲλصһǡʶҲֻܸӦ޷иԤ
ѰԼڸ̫־ԾһĻĻвЩʱ̫ʶǷҲڹһУ
ѰʶǰӦȥ
ֻǣʱƣʼе̫󣬼ֱûб߽һ㡣
ҵ֮ټһʱ䡭
ѰûдֹͣһӦʶǰȥ
һ·ϣ̫ϫλλĵãڸӦһЩʱȻȻؾᵽа
⡭ֻص
͵أѰʶв׽һ˿ڳϢ˳ϢӦȥ
ʱ䣬·𡰿һֻأĽתг١ɡսᡢȵȲ˼ľӿ֡
ȻϫǰԣֻҲ֮һ֣ͼرȻǴֻرԴе
ǰЩ죬Ѱϫֹֻ֮̽İأϫ޲˽ֻ֮͸һһѰ
ҲѰʶֻ֮ء
ʶʱٸֻܵرԴѰҲǱһᡣ
飬·
ͳϫ̽һջ񣬶ȥһʱջͻһָ򣬳ԼĵС
ãѰʶٴηǰС
ʱţ˵УͲѰϵʱ
ʶڷӵ;УܵԽԽɬʱ̾ʱʱȻʱж֮С
Ѱڸȷϫ̫λЩһأıԴ̲֮İأ֮䣬ҲĹ
أһƣ֮ӿͷѰ͵ظܵԼļ
صǰɷ޾ûб߽һ㡣
Ҳڴʱϣ֮ۺ΢΢һٿһӳؽ磬ӹػ磬Ѱʶӵķȥ
ۣ֮
һһĻͫһ
һû뵽ı
ѰѸӦһЩЩ֮۵йء
Ҳ֪֮ǺܾǰӳһرʱǱ̫õ
ȴΪҹʵԵʣ֮䵽磬뵽ѰС
֮ۡ
̫磬̫סૣӦһԤеıɾǲ֪˱ֻѰ˴θӦزʲôˡ
Уһ˿
ԭӦģ
ѰŽʱ䣬и򵽵ȴƺԶĶడ
ѻ̲ס
ҡϫǿɽµĵãһЩ򲻵ǲŽв
̫ο壬һ޷ԤϵıҶԣܹи򵽵ԽԽáŰɣ֮۳֣ѰӦģڴģ
硣
ٿղ游ݳ֮۵
˱ͺͼһأǴصıԴĻ֮ܾǰҺǽһãΪУֹֻкͼ֮֮ۣ֮֮۲ŶԣϾǵС
ϫǰЩ죬СҲĹ˱ԣ˱ܹһ֮ţֱͨڡ˽Ϊ֮һԿףǵڸ籾ԴУ˱Բǽ˼򵥡
ٿһô˵˱ڴ˿̳֣һˣ
ˡ
ϫǲ֪˱ıСѵǸǻˡ


3228 һ
֮ۺȻʱѰҲһ
ʣû뵽
ֱ֮˳ʶѰʱܵԼʶ֮һ㣬궼һɡ
֮ʶʼȥ
ҪȥѰʲô
Ѱһ
һĻʵ̫˼
Ϊ֮ǿһԿף˭룬˱ȴڴ˿̲ȱ仯ҪԼǰĳط
ˣ֮ڡ
Ѱ͵ʶۣ֮̽ͼȥѱе
һ̣ʶȴܵһɻɬ赲
ҲʱѰŷ֣֮ۻһصɶ㡣
ǰûм
һΪҵʶиӦʲô֮Ҳ֮ȱ仯ġ
Ѱ侲
ʱֻʶڣвҲɵʲô
Ψһĵģ֮ڵ
һµġ
ѰһԼʶС

˿̵ۣ֮ȷһֻСѰʶػϢУ޾
һ·ϣѰʶޱɣģԾĸܵһ·ϵһĻĻ
ֻǣ֮ǰȴۻ֮С
ʵ֮۵ٶ̫죬һ·ϾƸܲκ赲
Ҳ֪á
أ֮͵һȻͣ
ѰʶУ򡰿һ
磬ֻоɸߣѰʶУȴ󣬴ƾһС֮С
ȴĽֻɸߣ
ѰԾǣ֦⣬ֱֳ桢컯桢桢ĴӰɢҲĴıԴϢ
֦ϣͺͺģûҶӣҲûйʵһȦȦ
ѰʶӦȥʱԺҪըһӴӵĸɽХУʶֶݵĿհס
Ҳ֪á
ѰһƬޣտյʲôҲûУһɻҝĻϢӿ֣ۣϱֱƬ޶ȫһ
󣬻粻Ϸʲô̳˲֪£һ죬еһ綼ֳһɶ
أ֮⣬½һһȻͬ
ҲʱǾıԴһ𣬲𵴣ײɱ䣬Ҳܻ
գĴ棡
Ĵֱ֣ƿٵذ㣬һԪĳγڻУŤ͡šղڳȹ̣ţԪг޾硢޾޾Ĵ
½һУճһԪ׳¸ʱաˡ֯ײܶʼһԪ˥
Ԫʢ˥û䣬Ҷ컯֮֮УûãµļԪ
Ԫϸ޾ʹҲ֮ϱ仯ΨһģĴ档
פУᴩÿһԪĸڣ
䣡
ѰֻһԺеĻʱӰ
ʶ֮ϣԶĻУһصĹž
Ѱܸ֮ܵǰһĻĻʧȴһĸԼľС
ָ򣬺һԪĵγйأ
أ֦ϸӿֳĴıԴϢϸܸԪӵγɵı仯˿һ֤ߣ֤˴˻ԪһС
Ѱ뵽⣬Щɻ֮ΪλԼʶִ
ٴγȥӦ֮Ϣ
һΣȴ˾˵ķ֡
˱ϵϢԶһϢԴһ
ѵ
Ǵ˴˱
Ѱݣͼ˽
գȴҲ䷨
ѰüͷʶٴοԶһϸ
һʶһ⣬Ƿһһԣ
ϾҲ֮йأΪԵʣԼһǰδеı
ɻѰгԣ䶸
ˣ
ʶ֮ʱͻȻһ
󣬲еرŲ˳
һܣдȻȻûʶ
ˣѰֱʶĪţأҴҵʶ֮ࡣ
һʱ
ͬʱѰʶУ֮۹âʢƵõһɱ䣬Сۡջһöʻ֮ɫƴСҶӣ
ܿ죬ҶϵϢͿʼͿήһСʧȥеƮȻһĸ
ǡҶʧˣ
⡭
Ѱһ𣬡ѵΪ֮ҵʶһ·ɵҲ׺ľ
Ҷ֮ԭһһöҶӣֻӳأŻᱻ̫õ
һΣҵʶִͬصĸ壬ʹ˵š
ѰԼоԼƲӦò֮ۺһ֮䣬ȻһĺӦ
ˣŻ֪ԼʶõԼҲлִǡü֤յġޡ
뵽⣬֮ҶӣôϫǰõĵĺͼҲˣ
㣬ԪУƬҶӣ
ܹ֮ǰĴţô֮ҶӣǷҲͬһѰԿװ㣬ͨеؾУ
Խ룬ѰԽоһĲ
أ֤ԪĵγɣϸӡĴıԴϢҶӣҲ֮ۡͼ
һĿѰ֮
Ѱûۣ֮ǲǾ޷Ӵ˵뿪ˣ
˵ѳ˼еѰ
ѰҲһµֻһʶҪջĻֻҪ·;ϲأͿ˳ء
һ˰ֱ֮ӵִڣһص
Ҫ֪ؿɳżֲգóϫ̫ԼĽɫΪ֮ɵԽ׳һ
ûۣ֮ĵУĿл뿪˵أ
ȱţһнİ취
ѰһĿ¿ǲԶһͺͺûҶӣӵ֮ɱ䣬һƬҶӳҲУҲȻİ취֮Ƕϲ㱻ڴ˵ģ
͸žȻ
һҪϸĻҹҲǵУҹʵת֮ҼȵִӦͺͻصûʲôɣ
뷨棬ǶҲر𣬿ȴѰ޷
Ϊȷ
ΣСľͺá
һѰľƽ˲١
ʶУӿֳʼԶһȥ


3229 
ѰʶеԶһһ˲˼һĻˡ
ˡ
ͨ΢֦Զй籾ԴϢƴӳ˯һ㣬ӿ
ѰֻһԺ㱣ƻһڻеӣҹҹڻС
Ҳ֪á
䣡
翪ٵذĺ쳹ѰоһȻ֣һԭʼɶ
һɶԽԽǿԽԽȣѰֻһɱ͵籡
˸ѿڻУȻױȫͬ
ڽУꡰ硱ϼȡϵõԴϢ֤Ĵ޵еγ֮·֤˼ԪӳܻΪ֤һԪ˥桭
ꡰ硱޾Ȼšɱš
ֱɳһ֦ⷱïƮŻҶӣÿһƬҶӣӡһĻ籾ԴȻͬǧ
ÿһԪ˥䣬ϵҶӾͻƮ䣬ڻУԭʼĴϡ
һµĻԵ֣ϾͻµҶӣܶʼϢ
ɺһ죬вһδ֪ĺƽ٣ڹûüӦʱ㽫شï֦Ѳ֪ٸҶƮ䡭
ƽʧ
ֻʣ¹ͺͺ֦ͺɣ붼ٻء
µǣһƽ֮ʧȥɱͻָԴһ˥ߡ
Ҳڴ˿̣Ѱ͵ؾѣԺ籬ը㣬ӿֳĪĻɬϢƵļš
ֱãѰľƽ
ٿһʱѰжڵ
ˡ
ǵڻԪе֮
˵ԳΪĴ湴һÿмԪӿ֣ϱïҶӣ֮еĲͬԴ
ۣ֮ǴһƬҶӣԿ磬ӵе֮еġ츳֮ء
ҶӣҲ֮ϫյֻ֮
ЩѰе𺳿֪ε֮
ԴԴ֮İأҲɴ
ɣҲ֤̫ϫλ͵Ʋ⣬أȷ֮
Ϊ伸Ѳ֮һ˵㣬Уܹ̤ϣ
ڣѰҲˡ
ԭǺܾǰʱԪгֵһƽ٣˽ٽشҲ֮飡
Ǵݿһ;ô˵֧飬ֻУܸӦһЩ˿
縳鱾Դֻأ䶼֮йأֻ;ϵһЩ֧ѡ
شȴδ
ҲˣԪУ޾ԷϢڼԪӿ֣Ψһȱݣ֮飬;ͱռ֮
ˣѰеɻѵõ𰸣ңһԪеֱܻɵӵƿǶɳΪ̡
Щ򣬽ԳľС
һѰʶֻҪ޸֧ܽ;Ҳܹ
⣬ͺ֮йأ
ԭܼ򵥣֮һֱԴܹ֮ʹɱ䡣
ֻںܾǰһƽУشʧȥһֱԴ֮Ҳʧȥɱͻָģ
֮壬һֱԴ֮
⣬Ҳ
˽⵽ЩѰҲпǧ
ʧ֮ȴڹıԴлһӣںڰеΪ죬ӶԼá
ʵڽһ֤Ĵ֮Ĺε
Ѱҿţȴµɻ󡪡
شһƽ١
Ѱ޷֪
һƽ̫ͻȻ⧲֮ܵش֪˽ٺεȿֲͽɡ
Ѱɣ˽ٲһԪǡԪ֮⣡
ȻԪ֮⣬ǷĻԪѰҲ޷֪
Ψһҿ϶ǣԼгһ彫޸ʱܴӴġ䡱˽⵽йش˽ٵһЩ˿
ң޸͵޸֧;
̤;ľͷʱлȥһԪ֮⣬Ƿ񻹴ĻԪǷڱ֮ΪԶĵ;
Ǳ뿪ˡ
ãѰʶһ
뿪
档
Ȼÿһˡ
Ѱ뿪ʱ̫ѻԳЩˣػȫ֮֡һҲڵ˾һʤʱ򡣡
Ƿаգ
ѰĬƬ̣ϲûܹ԰յ飬ң޾̫һĿǰΨһ²͸ģ̫Ƿеơ
أǷеƣ
ѰЦȻеġ
㻹ʲôùǵģ
˵⣬Ƶģ˵ɲҵİΣ԰ɣ

Ѱǰʱǲ֮ڣʶ̫ܵǵء֮ʧ㷵ʱܻһʱЩ˵עʹ
˶٣㲻صģһ뿪ؽ磬һʱȥӭġ
˵ͷǺʱ뿪
ѰٵȵȣҲЩٵȵȣҽһ·򵽵һһ֮УٺһʤҲ١
áӦ

ؽ硣
ϣѰֶܣһ
ֻǣûע⵽ľУȫԵС
ʶغһ·Уڴ˿̱һһݣһɹɴ֮С
ʱҲ֮һš
ͽĵȴţֻǶû뵽Ѱڸصİʱܸôá
ⶼѾȥʱ䣬ûнļ
еģԼоԽԽ֤ѰڸʱȻ벻ľ޴ջ
̫硣
ش̫ĸпУҲֻܸʱ䣬֮ͻܲסû룬Сѵһθ򣬾һʵ⡣
ɴҲɼӵ֮˴ζȻջСˡԶԳɫĮƽ

̫ЦǺǵǾٵȵȣżСôԽǶԣôҲԽ󡣵ȻӸʱҲһʤʱˣҿɺڴȥСһ۴ĸߵͣ
дڴ
ں磬ϫͳٿҲִ̽£϶Ѱθ򣬶ȻͬСɡ
һУҲӡ֤֮ǰƶϲӵ֮Ѱȷһǰδеı


3230 ʱ һʤ
ꡢһꡢꡢꡢꡭ
˭Ҳû뵽Ѱεĸ򣬻ôãֱڶûнļ
Ȼÿ˽㹻ȥȴⷴһĻȴ಻һķӦ
δʲô䷢
ÿ˶ѡȴ
ֱʮ
ؽ磬֮ϣܵʮ֮õѰسʦ𣬽ǰˡ
Զͽһ𣬶üӿֳʣʮ꣬Ѱڴ˿ˣ
νǺ⣿
ǿ԰ĵЦʵ
òĶѲҲ̫Ǿõˡ
ѰЦ˵
ӷ󣬡Ҫȥһʤ
ˡ
Ѱͷ
ȴ΢΢üȷаնԸ̫
ѰЦЦ̸ϣֻٵʱ䣬ҲҪһʤٵȡ
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СѣĪڲصʱͻƣסʵ
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Ѱ
ԺܳԾƬ̣̾ԤϲСܹӵջ⵱Ǻ֮йأԷ񣿡
ѰЦŵͷǰ棬֮ȷ֮ż
˶٣Ȼ˺̫֮ĶԹԻٺǰúһġ
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ִȥĲģĪǻԭ򣿡ȴس
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ʤⲻҲԼһֱģ
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ǵ̫ʢһһλףʱźճмϢ
һϣѻ𣬻һŮµվͣһɺ͸

ѻܼǧﵽ󣬽ԻһС
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Уһư಻סɱȻֱ͸֮⡣
ԳɫɵĮƽɣֻȴкӿһ죬ˣ
һ̣̫ѻԳߵӰƾʧ̫С

游һʤʱˣ
ڣٿչӰ罣ôãҪսһˡ
é®УϫͦӰ߳Ƴ˳ٿһۣ
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ϫ˵ͷģˣһֻаȻֻʱ͵޵;Լ
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Сѡ
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ԶԶأһĻѰüͷ΢Ҳ΢΢֣ѱҶ˰
еУ֮ҡ
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ԶϫƮȻٿս
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Ҳû뵽̫ߵԳ棬ǳϫ޵С̫Ͻ
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ʱѻһӣҲǴ˿̲ףԼ֮ǰ͸ڽߵ˭ˡ
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ϫЦѹһΣѹΣ°ܽ£
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̫ЦλĪżҵȶԣһıػһ˶ϣֻڶ֮ǰСһġ
˵ţĿѿԶѰСѣôʱܷ򵽵ҵһģ
ѣ󣬲Ե÷
̫֪˴˵жԣȴڴ˿󣬾Եúͻأˡ
û뵽ǣѰЦЦȴˬӦкβɣףܸôҲеİҼãԵһһ
һ̣ڲͬĳٿաѻ࿴ѰһۣƸеЩ֡
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⼫΢һĻᾡ۵ףвԣٿպѻҪѷһ˿ˡ
סۿ˿
ȴɣƽ͡


3231 ޵ ڽ
̫ЦǺǿѰһۣԸꡣ
ѰһָԶ֮ǰ򵽵أıԴһ֮
ڣ
̫üѵڲˣ
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ʱ̫ʶʲôĿѿѰ

ѰûڣһֱԵú̹
ԭˡ
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游ΪѰ˵
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ϫĴͣѰһΪ̫ҽ𣬿ѰҲл̫ĸһꡣ
һԾѰбɱԷİգɱضܵһӰ죬ῼǸԷһῼǸ飬ôɱԷͷͲٴרע
ˣնһߵӰ죬˲ڱɱԷʱκһ˿ĸš
ڶΪѰ޹ǡ£㶯֣κһ˿
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ΪԲһ޷Բȥ
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˵ţĿ¿ѰҪҳһǰص·Ҳֻ֮ܰ쵽ˡ

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жһ񶼱ˡ
⽣λͱתֻʱԴ˽̫ѹ̫֮С
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̫һֱ⽣Ŀܸʱһʤ
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Ŀ⿴ѰСѣҪȵʱ
ڱɡ
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һĻڳ˽ԵһʱҲһ̲΢ı仯
ž޾ɱ֮ӿءɽӡ󡭡ԹһѹޱȵİС
̫ûлͷȥĿһֱѰ΢΢һЦڴˣԸСһߵ͡
Ѱ˼Ը
ϫһָԶĺѻԳٿյȥ档
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ѻǾ¾շһ˿ɫһ޷Զ¶һѩ׾Өȡ
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˾һԪ̫ǣڰʱ֮Ϊ⣬֮ϵס
ϫˣҡͷż
Գ治ԣһ̳
䣡
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һ統ϫں̫Ͻʱǰ㾪ĶǣֻˣѲǵɱˡ


3232  ȴ
ѳ֮ϣսʱõֶκܣҲѲѰϵĵ
棬ƴǸԵĵ;ߵͣʱֳģǸԶԴƿء
ľ־ǻۣսÿһ΢ϸС
пһ
ֱϵĴڻмҵɱͳײĴУ޵߾ĻϢ
ȻڳٿաѻЩԲУĵҲѿ֮дֲУ
ǵӦʱɱܵӰ졣
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Ѱڵ
жϣ̫ж϶ʱѷʤѰжԳҲֳľĲͬ
̫Ц޾£СѺԻжϣ
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Ѱڵи֣Ǵ֮ԭҪֳߵֵֻͣ¼¡
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أԶĳٿ磬ңңѻһǡƳӣǧذת糱û졣
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ȭײΪģһɴȻɢɡǧɡɡ޾նžһе޾ؾ磬ȻҡҡλΣҡҡ׹ǳ
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䣡
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룬ϻȥͺѻһϸߵͣǶԳ桢̫Ľɫע׶༪١
Сѣ֮ҪʤչҪƴԶ֮ƿأҿһΣ
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ͼ΢΢һЦָһץ
䣡
䣬һֶֻ֣ʱֲһĻˡ
Ѱϵľ񣬾ݺץһ󲿷֣


3233 ֮ ǣֱ
һӣѰϵ˥һأ
һĻֱĶǣԽܡ
ô˻ᣬ̫ȻǰУ̽һץѰϵľֱץһ֣
˥Ӱ쵽˵еķӣοܵĳ
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ԶĶ
ĪţСѶȻлӦ֮һĽһգգضԶһսɫ񾲲
սУۼ̫ٴɱ
䣡
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ˣ̫һ֮̾˲á
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̫̹Ȼ
̸ʱ߶ɲһֱڼ档
ֻǣһƴģǸԶ֮Ĳƿء̫ÿһι׾ٵնѰһ־񣬹ޱȣҲֲ֮
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Ϊǣžһδαն䣬ȫ¾һδϸ΢ɱ䣬ñ֮ǿǿˣ
̫Ҳһ㣬ɿЦȥҷڳȫ㣬֮һ֣ʵջ𡣡
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һ죬Ѱʵռͻƣ;֮ϣĴ汾Դһ壬򡰻Ԫ֮ء



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ѰֻԼݵ˽Ԫ֮⣬;һȷϣֻа;ܵزʱܵĳһЩ
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ϫӣԭҵ⻹޷˾ܾ
һЦʵǴȥģ
ѰһЦؼҡ


3238 
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ڲףΪεȷˡ
ٿ̾
ܶǰͼȥѰǼԪ֮ٵĻ֣ǽ˽ٺйء
ֻǣ׺󣬳ٿȴܸӺ͵ͳ
ѣҵȣ̸ˡ
ЦſڣֻҲһ˿ӡ

עһͳٿս޷ȴġͬ
̸ʱѰѴִԼ뿪ؼ˵
ͳٿսԲ֡
ѾѰԣȻطᣬҲҪѶ׵ŻǱ֮
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ẬЦӦ㷵ʱȥ֮һЩʦʦ㣬ǲΪҵǡ
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죬Ѱ뿪档

棬֮
֮硣
һϪǰںｻ̸
죬һֱҲ֪ǳںԵʡ
س㣬֮УЩСʦܵ뿪ǰɨһգעҲʲôֻӰ쵽ЩˡʦһֱڹǱޣĴϻۺֶΣΣգҲ׻⡣
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Ѱסϸѩ׵裬컯ȥ


3239 ˫ϲ
컯ǵĹģѿһ硣
ңѰԴ˳ǽг׵ĸ죬ؾԪ硢׽硢硢ؽɴ˳ڣõô˳֮ģȫһ
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3240 
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鷿Уʣվס
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׵ķֻʣѰˣ·һȫʧˡ
Ѱǰߣ߽ë΢΢һʶҪʲôѰ
˵꣬ǷĴͱסˡ
飬֮Ѳ˵ӡ

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