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ҼҺԺ ߣȸ

ݼ飺
ŵլĺԺһַ羪ķ֣ͨĿڵ½
ҿҪ





001 լ
˵ͣҪǡ̫͡ҲǼ顣
ͺϵĴ಻죬ַò׻ϼңĴһʲôҲ治ˡ
ַϼڽʡ£ϼɽֶ٣˵ģصľ򹤱ַ̣Ҳˡ
ַ縸ĸ澭ӪһСװ꣬˴ƣҲǻ±ѡ
ǰϼҵһλȥˣλԶףĸûջͰѸոʧҵַɻμ
ַסĵطǼլⶰլԭүүģүү֮󣬼ֲƲΪְǼĳӵͷֵⶰլ
ⶰլľͷʽݣǾЩռȴСǶ¥ĽլܻʯשһΧǽլΧγǰͥԺǰһС
ַⶰլģСʱͯҲլȹַ绹ļǵãԼСʱլˣ龰
ȻլͦģǺլľסǲ࣬ûˮҲûߣҪΪ˲μַǲԸġ
լ¥ľ崲ϣŴϸַ꣬㶵ĳ񣬴ѧҵˣһ޳ɣһ뵽ҵʱĴ־ַƵ뷢衣
ҵʱַǷҪͷȥѰŮ׷ֵģٿڵĴַﻹʲôȥ׷Ů
ɴ׷䣬ֻǵʱȻĪģַһ뵽仰
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϣȻ˵ľףַ羪ȵĳտȥֹ첻Сû˵갡
䣡һ׺Ȼһ̫ˣ̫죬ַͷǵҺԺȥˡ
ַæߵһߵĴһҿլĺԺȻһըһȱڣһƴŽζĺӵϵǵȱȽȽ
ַ綼ôˣլֲǹݣö˶˵ôأ
һλҪүˣȻ˰˴ΣҴδͬһλãǰǰͬһƤȻڼ̵ʱڱһ˾ŴΣԭСȱڱŴ֮Ҳ׷ԲĴ
ȵŵ׵꣬ϵҲɢˣҲͣˣȻѵõĳһκ졣
Ȼ˾Ŵ׵磬ַլλƫƧټΧھӼûڼңҲû˷լ飬Ҳʡ鷳
ȥͣЪַһͱȲĳźԺĴ˹ȥ
˴ĸǰַеͳŴͱͱûʲô쳣֮СĵĿһ㣬Ȼͱͱٿһ㡣
ַȻӴ󣬿ȴһҲɵ֪ű˾ŴΣ뿴ҲóóȻܹȥġ
Ͱһַ翿˴վ˴ıԵϣַ糯һķֿͦģȻǾŵȻڵϴһ׵Ĵӡ
ףӵж
ӵײһһƺڷ⣬ƺʲô
һź챦ʯҿҪˣַʱæߵǰԺһľӣ¥ݷŵ˳¥ݾȥ
Ӹոձ翪ԿӶڷǳĸַûʲô˿ӵףҵ˸ոտö챦ʯ
ö챦ʯĴָôѪѪģǳƯΨһϧǣ챦ʯı沼˿һƣ·ʱҪһ㣬ƺһŲƵıʯ
ȻǿŲƵıʯôҲǱʯӦǮġ
ַûж룬ŲƵĺ챦ʯ
ַ챦ʯ˲䣬ǿź챦ʯͻȻˣһɫĹâӺ챦ʯ˳ַĶͷ
ַֻоԱϸһ£ۺۣһڿӵε˹ȥ

Сʱַ˹
ַоԼģƺĪĶ䣬ţʦҰ˵۹ħʦΪʦҳΪħʦˣ
Щ߰ģҶ򣬽ַԴһ顣
һһôģַԴĽļ䣬˳
μеᡤȶ˹գһλΰħʦ
ʲôħʦ֪
ڹ½ܹʩչȻ˱ͳΪħʦεȵıħʦǴħʦЩĽħʿǿ߱ħʦ
λᡤȶ˹վλǿħʦһħʦĴڡ
ᡤȶ˹ճΪǿħʦ֮󣬶桢ռ䡢ʱ䣬µ⣬ħʦῪʼ׷ռʱİأʼ̽λĹϵ
еţ̽ʮ֮󣬻ıо˵㲻ѰĶһڿռھļ
ļħʦҵĿռݣҳɹڿռڳһʱճ涴
飬ͱˡ
ڶڿ֮ħʦᷢԼ˿ռԭڿռһķڴ˷֮£һռֻܽܳ
ɹͨʹ÷֮ʧĻֻܱڿռ
֮£ֻܼھֻϧһֱڵȥҲûͨռ
Ȼǵķ̫ǿˣһķ겻Ȼ֮һһĸʴռҲ֪ʴ˶ãڣռͨˣɹĴӹ½˵
½ǵĵطһħ磬ַĵȫͬλ档
ɹˣɹĴһһ磬ǵʧˣΪѾˣҲʣࡣ
Ƶλʱ򣬵ԶӦĴڣҷ׵繥ԭƵ꣬ھŵ׵֮£˷顣
ͼˣ걻ַ˳ĽַڣַںΪһΪַеһ֡
ַõļ䲢ΪѾŵ׵飬õֻǵĲл꣬յҲֻǲȱļ䡣
ϼַһεľˣû뵽ϾȻĴħֶһ֣Ӵ
ռˣռַæȥ֮Уռӵߡ
ǿռַߵȷһһĵطڶһֱ׵ɫԲȦԲȦ״ڻĲת
ַ糯ɫ˹ȥԼֱ۰ϣ·һ㵯ԼõıĤסַȥ·
ַӴȣǰıĤַ紩ֱַ۴͸еһͷƺһ紵ֱַϡ
յļ䣬ڵĿռѾͨѾĿռͨǿڵ½İȫ
ͦȫġַĺıȫɫУһһ˹ȥ
ǵɫкһʮıĤַСĴǴɫд˹ȥ
Уһɫͨͨƺһɫˮɣͨﻹһղие΢磬
ΪĴڣܷͨҲûϢĸо
ַ糯ǰȥͨжδһ߸ɿݵʬ壬ʬѾȫķ绯ֻܿǰһλĸߴߣʬӦþλħʦᡤȶ˹ա
λŵֻھһȥһǿǿӲĸʴġ
ڶߵľ⣬ַʬι
ⷢˣַϹʱ򣬴˷绯ʬ壬һ죬ᡤȶ˹յʬ·Ϊ˻ҽ
ַһȴû뵽Ľ
ʬѾ̫̫ͣãͳΪһĴڣֻҪһЩ΢߳һʬͻữΪҽ
һ紵ĳҲ֮ʧλǿħʦȫɢˡ
Ҳã鳾Ҳ㻹ᱻ˴šڶλǿߵľ⣬ַվԭأĬһӡ
ϧˡϣʵıĴָǿĶħȣĸħЩöѾ»Ϊ˻ҳʧ˳֮С
ЩʧȥַҲеһ˿ۣҺЩδֹ۵ޣĬһӺҲͻˡ
ʰ΢΢飬ַǰӲַߵͨľͷͨͷһɫУַ׳׳ӣ˹ȥ


002 ظð
߳УַǰһѾһĶ
ǵģĶߣߵǰĵϽһħħâĶߣӳյ֡
ħǵǰõһ弶ħԱ߲š
ħ弶һΣ弶ߣ弶ķħѾħ
õĶħھȻҲ࣬ӵļ俴ħѾֻʣµʮ֮һܣһڼУò˶ãͻȫʧȥЧá
ܹ弶ħֻʣʮ֮һܣҲ֪Щַ˶¶ˣ
ݵļ䣬ַ߽ħħвͬĵطͬڣǵµĳħľϣΨˣڲʹħ£ɵĳħ
ȻħĻԸĳħ󣬵Ŀǰַȴһû˿ħͨˡ
ħʵͲڶڣպýڸס߳ħ󣬱Ҳ߳˶ߡ
ڵļУһͺͺɽ𣬵ȴһˣַ߳ߣȴ಻ïɭ֡
ߵλþڰɽϣվԽΧľɫһţַ翴ǰɽһС䣬Ĵ̣ɽµĴƮ
Ŀһ£ӶߵľӦʮң˫ȥߵĻӦûԶһЩ
½ӵȫͬ磬ͨῪռַԽصͨޣӶ׬ȡĻر
ҲˣĴھԵΪҪû㹻ʵ֮ǰԲ֪ռĴڡ
ˣϽȥڵϡ뵽ַ˲ùۿ½ķ羰Ͻߡ
½һͷзħ赲ģʱ㰲ȫַլԺڣȴ¶ģûһʩһ˷Ǿʹˡ
һͷַŷΪħĴڣߵڱһƬɽǣƬɽʵӰֻ֪ˣȴǿеİҲҲɽڵˡ
ɽӰռַֻܿص˺Ժĳڴ
ַǵøڼҺкܶûõĳľ壬ȥһȻ෢ùζľ塣
ַһһĽľ˹ǵ˿ϣ룬ȥլ¥ѼΰҲŵľϡ
ޣַҲֻһˣٿڸǵĿġ
ȵһУ춼ˣ־ô飬ַҲоǳƣۣݲݵĳ棬ַϴ˯ȥˡ
ڶ죬ַ˯͵ʱĴ
ַ˯һҲã˺öجΣһεԼ½ħ޳Եˣһεܱҷ֣Լץȥоˣ֮һϵجΣ˯֮Դġ
ϴһַ֮ľָһЩլλ̫ƫҲûĵط緹ɻ档
棬ַ缱ææȥݼҽһгȻͨռ˹½
½Ҳǰ죬ֻ̫ڵķλǲһģ½ʱ䣬Ӧôȡ
Ҳ֪жûˣܸͳ˻ĲݣַгӻĲ˹ȥɽ£ɽµƽ࣬ǿɭгˡ
гٶȹȻ࣬ŰСʱַ翿Сɽ塣
СɽĹģ󣬲ס˼ʮ˼ңСɽΧֲ˲ũݵļ䣬Ǳصһ۵ʳ
ǰүǰүߣߡַһͷһλ͵ũڳԼƴ֡
ũ˵ǹ½Һַ˵ļ䣬ܹù½
ãʽʲô𣿡ַ罫гﵽũߣĵ
үũĿַµгģĶʲô
ũ˶²ñַؾصľһС˵λүҪȥǰĴׯ𣿻Ҫȥɡ
Ϊʲôַĵ
ũϰɫ˵˵ҾǰׯũǴׯݱݽСүǲӦǰȥġ
ũпַ紩Ƥ𪣬Ӧǳ˼ҵСүû׼λү԰жַ̬ҲǸĿ
мַ粻Ҵˣæʵʲô
ϰ̾˿е˵ǿ³֢Ѿʮ˵˿³֢ˡ
³ַ֢һ㶣ʲôģļ両Ŷԭǿ³֢ô֢״ôð
ڵļУ³֢ʲô˲ļͨ£ֻ֮˲Żÿ³֢ҽεֶҲǳļ򵥣ֻҪùʦʩչһ򵥵Ϳˡ
ǿ³֢³֢ҽֶκܼ򵥵ģֻҪȥҹʦʩչһͿˡַ˵
Сү˵ЦˡϰпЦƫƧɽ壬ʦүʦүϵǳֻǮĹүöʦүǣ벻ġ
˼һ˿³ֻ֢ܿԼʰȥ
ʦҲҪǮַЩԾڵļʦɶǴ˽ĿʿβģȻβҲǰᣬֻǹͽǲŻơ
Ľܹ֮鲼ȫ½ҲʦǵĴ˽޹ϵ
ʦѵģⲻܣϰлһˣҲ֪ҪǮʦѵʱ
ַЦһ£ȻڵʱʦǴ˽ĿʿβҲѵģǵʱʦȴշѵģҪǮġ
³֢㲻ʲô˲ļǴȾȴǿûʦƵ£³֢ʽߴ˳ϡ
³ֻ֢˲Żã˻̣ȴǳη䣬ȫʹҷգӿ³֢֢״˵³֢͵ϵظðǳơ


003 ǧ
ַͻȻðһ󵨵뷨³֢øðҩҽ
ַʵˣôƺ
ϰ˵СүϰоͿˡ
ַͷ˵ϰУʵһʦҶħҩѧҲһЩĵã֪һЩħҩƿ³֢Ҳûʮֵİһܹҽγɹ֪ԸԸһԡ
λʦϣϡϰм˵ллллңңŶԸ⣬Ըģƿ³֢ҩϰ̫ˣѾЩ״Ρ
ʦԾʦַԼõݣһλ˵ʦ
ڹ½ϣκһλʩ߶𾴵ģַʦ߹ݣ½᷽ࡣ
ַҲû˵ѣȷװʦ֪ʶƵʦַ翿֪ʶҲ֤Լݡ
ȻԸĻôھͻȥҩַ˵
̫ллˣ̫ллˡϰ鼤˵
ַ糯ũеͷֳŴׯһۣгԭ·ء
̫ˣȻʴȵһʦַŵгϰжַû˿ĻɣΪҲûмӵĹŹֳӣĳҲֻصʦſӵˡ
ŶˣϽȥߴϢоˣϰ˷ܵɫͨ죬˳صĳŴ˹ȥ


ûϰе̫ãСʱַ֮гַĸϻˡ
ϰе߻վλũ򣬿ַ֮ϰ˷ܵĶߵũ˵ƣûƭǣַʦˣħҩˡ
Ǵʦ𣿺ùŹֵﰡȻӵġ
ֻϰпɲϰ̷ô˵Źأǽ棬ǿʦӵеûʶУԺŲҪ˵ʶ
˵䣬ַгߡ
ϰ˶ַϹϰнߵ˽ַܸ磬ǸЩĽв˹ǸЩĽֶء
кַҲгóһӵĸðһҩҽʹ÷ˡ
ǽҩȥĴһԣЧĻҿΪǴҩ
̫лˡ鼤лֶ˴Ÿðҩشׯϰдַ硣
֤ðҩЧ֮ǰе˲óȻַȥַҲ´Ⱦ³֢ȻҲֵɡ
УҪȥΧΣܲҵ򵼡ַ˵
ԸΪЧ͡ϰϲ˵
ҵгԣͽгĲͿˡ
ллллгϰе˺뾴ηڻַ֮ͬžƨɣСгϡ
ҵ֣ԣץΰ֣õ
ˣַʦץˡ״гϣϰķǳ
ãߡ
ַȶ̤壬ͣԭصгĶԽԽ죬ԽԽ졣
гٶȱᵽ˼£дûй֣ͺ񣬶ԣͺһ
ϰкĻ¼УԽľϸ˵ģлַʦҳΪϵһгˣгĸоʵ̫ˣͺһ˫εķ֮ڵͿհ衣
ڹ½˵ϰеȷǵһгˡ
ϰУ⸽ʲôرĵط𣿱ħֲħޡ
̫ƶˣħҲԸħֲͿ͸ûˡϰҡҡͷ˵
ΧʲôزĻϰǵĴҲ
ϰУһˣҸʦϰ̫̫ãѾŪˡ
ǹ5013ˡ
5013ꣿǲǹǧˣַ粻ŵ
ݵļ䣬ʼھռʱǹ2007꣬ȴǹ5013꣬Ҳȥǧˡ
ȥǧˣҲ֪羿ֱʲôˣҲ֪Щ˵ӣôˣ
ַҡҡͷĶҡȥǧˣᵱļ˵ҲͳΪ۳ˣЩʲôã
ϰУĸͳ

˵ӡӵ۹𣿡
ӡӵ۹û˵ϰɻҡҡԴ½ƺûӡӵ۹ɣ
ڵǸʱӡӵ۹ǹ½ǿ۹֮һһƬʱͱӡӵ۹ͳΡ
ǧȥˣ½˷ǣǿӡӵ۹Ҳʹǵļʧͳ
ַһЩʶϰһһ𣬵ϰеļʶ̫ˣ֪ǳ٣ʮֻܴһҴ𰸻ģ֮䡣
ȻˣǶַ˵ϰȻλ൱ְġ˵ԱϰеĻشټϵƵļ䣬ַ֪һ֡


004 ɫĵú
ַгںϰеУٵΧһȦΧĵΣҲ˴µӡ
ķǳƶ񤣬һֺɫķ·ʯһļӲͲʺֲũ
ΧĻַЩʧģǿռֲܽתƣַķչģҲضֻ
ȻΧֲǾֻܶˡַ뵽
Ư𣿡תһƬӣַ翴һƬɫĺˮģ൱Ư
еģǶɫĵúϰнֻ˵ƯϰпûоɫĵúʲôƯġ
ɫĵúΪʲô֣Ϊ״ĵãַ
ûʲôرģΪһɫĵãǾͽɫĵúˡϰȻĴ
ɫĵãĵãַ羪ȵ
ǰϰеͷ
ַҪεˣĵöһǻĵãôȥ鰡
ΪʲôҪ飿ֲֲֵǮɫĵõ⣬ҲóԵġϰЩֵ˵
鲻ֵǮַʵ
ɫĵóֻͨ飬û˻ỨǮģȻֵǮˣֻЩħŻֵǮϰͬĿַ磬ַʦڷʦ̫ˣ鲻ֵǮĳʶѾ֪ˡ
ַûȻ򣺡ˣħ磬ļֵۺ͵ϽȻͬڹ½ֻЩħƷŻֵǮҲֻбħŻ˻ǮͨȻÿȴǲֵǮĶ
һƷļֵȡڹ˿Ͷ֪رװƷҪǹ˿;ãû˹飬ȻҲͲֵǮˡ
Ǯ˶ʱͨ˾͸Ը⻨ǮˣҲͳö
ַȻ뵽һƴˣ鰡
ͨڹ½ȷǲֵǮĶڵֵǮֻҪЩ˵ȥ׬һǮ
ļַйɫ顣
ϰ˵ɫĵú˺ööɫĵãΪĵ̫ˣѻ˺ףԺˮŻԵôε
ɫĵú̫ҲͶʮףҪժĻ൱򵥡
ΪûУĵݶ൱ĳ㣬ɵ齫൱š
Ȼ鲻ֵǮҲһƯߣżҲЩȥĺӵ档
鵱飡ַˡ
ϰСĵַʦҪɫҪĻҿԻشΪһЩӦûһЩġ
Ҫãжپ͸ö١ԴҲֵǮַõİá
ϣΪַʦ飬ϰԵ÷ǳġ
ַڴԵȣϰлصׯ̰֮ҰѼ飬ǶڴҲǷǳϣѼ鶼˳
ûַ̫ãϰоԿһˡ
ַװһſɫС飬鲢̫󣬲ƶСɫǳƯ
Ȼȡ֮ͨҪ׹ȳŻƯģɫȴʡȥ׹Ĺ򣬴ĵڳ֮󣬾Ե÷ǳƯ
ַʦ鶼ˣҪĻǿȥɫĵúΪɼϰйʵ
ʱ㹻ˣԺ鷳ǰɡַһЧüǮĻַȻɼ顣
ַʵˣ͵ҩǳЧô
ϰм˵ϣ˵ҶˣҩЧ̫ˣҩļ񣬶Ѿˡ
ЧǾͺãɣٻȥһˣΪ㹻ҽ˷ҩ
̫ллˣ̫ллˡϰзǳмвУֻ̫֪˵лл֮⣬ȴ˵Ļ
ôҩҪһЩʱ䣬Ҫĵĵһȡַ˵
ǾͰˡϰмٴξһ
ַνҩʵǸðҩЩҩҩģҪַ绨ʱַ繺ҩҲҪʱġ
һεҩڴģһηصַȴûȥˣһûôĴڶﶼˣһôҩ϶ɣʱʲôԷǾ鷳ˡ
˴ڵĴ·ϣַһᣬһ幫˹ַĿĵǴС򣬳ֻҪǮ
Ӿ벢̫ԶŰСʱַ³СһҴҩֱ˹ȥ
Сطҩ꣬ڹ϶̫ϸַ绨ٿǮһĸð㹻ʮƸð֮á
ȵַŸðҩլʱѾȥһСʱ
βȻǵȲģַҲûйӵ뷨һҩص˹½
ũϰһֻڴڵȴַĹַĻ֮ϰм˷ܵ
ȫҩһһͰˮˮܹɱɢ³֢Ĳǰҩˮڴĸ䣬ԺͲٵÿ³֢ˡ
ϰеɴ۾ǼĽַϵҩˮ˹
ϰдҲû˵ҩˮ֣Ⲣûзϰжҩˮ㽡֣ҩˮôض߹֣ҲֻΰʦŻӵҩˮҲֻʴȵַʦŻҩˮʹ͸ʹá
лʴȣַʦϰе۾Ѿʪˡ


005 ϴ峤ָͭ
ַµûд³֢һظðĴڣˣڳַĸðҩ֮󣬵˿³֢Ĵ񣬲鶼кת϶Ѿˡ
ϰϲĻ㱨ַŵģҲ
ַĵıǸðҩûЧֱˣһĻַ粻˴Ķˣɳˣɾ͵òʧˡ
ںˣðҩȷЧַβĴ󹦳Ժٽдǰ飬Ҳİˡ
ҲַΪڹ½߳ĵһ
ȻðҩЧô³֢ҲͲôˣʱĵҪʱַ̣粻˼ɣǰ̽
ϰеĴ·£ַׯ
ׯٷάŵ壬Ѿû˽ˣڴҶΪҴ壬ΪΧضһƶĺҵأάŵ˺Ҵı
ҴҲǷԲʮΨһһׯ½عϡƺҴƫƧׯȱȽǡ
Ҵһסʮ廧˼ң˿ʮˣһƶС䡣
ķݶһЩéݴɵéݣȻªһЩȴ޵൱ʵסûģȻéݺ͵ϵשС¥ȴûȵġ
ϰѾһܻ˴ɤŵߺ£Ƕ֪ǵĴˣַʦˣĴӷ˳
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ַʦ̫ΰˣΰ˹ȻĲһ㿴ַʦǺͷġ
ַʦǻ۵Ļͷô䣬۾ǳһ˸Ѿдַƨ
Զԣַʦǻ۵ĻͷǺɫģ۾ҲǺɫġ
ôķϢ½ϵû֣֮ʲôˣˣͻһǶǻѪ֮Укڷģк۾ģǺڷ۾ͬʱһϣȴǼټġ
Һúڷ۾ʲôɣַȻЩһҲûʲôҪ鷳
ַòĻӦ˴ǵĸмҾܾ˴ǳԷ룬ϰеĴ·£һ·ߵ˴峤ķݡ
峤ؽʮ꣬ʱʮӶǴмʶˣҲǴˡ
صӻӢʣϾͣһεļݱУҲûӵùϮҲ˿³֢һӾͲԴˡ
ϴ峤ҲǵһҩˣΪ峤ԸΪӵδҩ
ΪǵһҩˣڣϵĲ֢ѾöˣȻµ·ڴ˵˵ȴû̫⡣
ַϢԺõĲæҪַ磬Ƭ̺ϰеĴ·£ַϴ峤ء
ڿϴ峤һַ̣ͻȻ۾һϴ峤ȴûзַǼĵлַʦллˣӵ
峤ˣͬΪһӣҾһౡ֮㲻ʲôַǫ˵
лʴȣΰķʦϴ峤ٴεл
ϴ峤˵ǺҴȻģʲôԸĻ뾡ܿڡ
Ȼ֪λַʦľǴ׾Ϳƿ³ַ֢ʦӦ൱ǿģطǳϣܹǿַʦꡣ
Ǻǣллϴ峤ˣԸ˵ϣһʱ䣬ҶǵĺɽУӦû鷳ǵĵط
ϴ峤ϲ΢Ц˵ܷԸ£ǺҴϵҫ
ַЦЦͻȻָŴӵ˵ϴ峤öָǲһ㰡ܸܲҿ
Ŷ˵ϵöָͭȷЩһ㣬һϴ峤ԥ£ָϵָͭժҵݵַϡ
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ַ˵ϴ峤˵˵öָͭ𣿡
ϴ峤΢΢۾˵Ҳ˵ʵϣöָͭǺҴ峤ഫÿһζɴ峤ܣϴ峤һ峤ǺҴʮһ峤öָͭдʮһˡ
ʵӵöָĴ峤ܺ棬ΪʲôҪöָͭǿô꣬ҲʲôϡĵطϡĵطӦñˣڵʷҪϵĶ˶ࡣ
˵ϴ峤ԼЦ
ŶԭǴ峤ﰡǴഫʱû˵ָĲ֮ͬ𣿡ȻǴ峤¾ͲŪ˰
ϴ峤ЦǰУǾôĴУӦͶϵˣʮһλ峤֮Укüλ峤ǱжģӦЩ˾Ͳָ֪ˡ
Ŷǲ棬ûȥ˼𣿡
ϴ峤ҡҡͷ˵ûȥΪǺһһ˲ıǴӴ֣֮峤ϸıָҲûдŽָ߳һ
ϴ峤ַ磬˵ַʦϳöָҶöָͭҲǷǳĺ棬ܸңöָʲôʲôǷ֮𣿡
ҿ˵ϣܹöַָ粻ɫ˵
峤Ϳַ˼ʱЦ˵ǵȵģһöָͭõöָˡ
лַͷֱӽָָϣҲȷܿöָͭ
ַָָͷ˵Ҫǵһ㣬öָͭͨΪһöħָ


006 ͱ¡ħ
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ַ˵һöħָҪûĻӦһöռϵħ䣬Ӧǡ
˵䣬ַͻȻʧȻִſַ΢΢Ķ˶ӣ˽
öħָ˲ƶӵħˣ˲ƶַ˵
ԭħָϴ峤һĻҲ˼Ĵһ
ϴ峤֪öָĿԸ⽫ָңַЦеʵ
ǺǣͣΪʲô͡ϴ峤Цöָͨ˵УһָͨͭҲֻе˴ʦУָܱͨͭɳĿռħ䣬ˣܹӦеҡ
ϴ峤ǸʶʱĴˣ֪ʱԼӦʲô
ϴ峤ַ磬˵ô˱壬ǵȴ˵ĵȻѾҵˡ
ַЦЦͷ˵öָǺҴʱеҲǶģһرǵġ
ָʲôʱǾͲ˵ˣʲôʱַ緢ˣʲôʱٱ£
ϴ峤ȴôϲ˵Ҳûбֻܹ㣬ʳǣҾˡ
򵥣ҿԴӦַڵĴҪȫԴӦҲҪ
˵һỰ峤ƣɫַ뿪
뿪Ҵ壬ַ˵
һöռϵħôõˣ۹ַʵ̫ˣû뵽˵ðҩѣȻͻһöռϵħ䣬ֵֵ̫ˣֱһֵ̫ˣ
ʵϣַ粢ûжԴ峤˵ʵöָͭɲǿռϵħô򵥡
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ݵļ䣬һּ򵥶Чģ鿴ħƷķ
أַоԼʲôˣƺһźһŲϱ仯ĺмſ϶ſ϶ֻһߴС
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źΧߵصķģһöѾöӵ˲ƶİء
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ַҪסǳҪһ㣬һҪħ䣬ΪħеĴԪռΪߵľڵģһħ뿪ˣָĴԪռ䣬Ҳ֮ԪռڵƷҲɢˡ
İͱ¡ôʧġ


007 飨ϣ
ռǱȽϺãħϵ˲ƶͲôˡ
˲ƶԴҲ˵ľ˵ľŷģԽǿô˲ƶҲԽǿ
ַĿǰľ˲ƶΧΪխһ׷ΧƶҲ׷Χڶλƶ
ƶһȽΣյ飬Ϊʱпܣƶ߿УȻ㶪򲻵ѣòҪʹƶ
λƶͰȫˣǶλƶƶΧǳխСֻ׷Χڽжλƶ
λķʽԿĿҲԿνľǿ룬Ҫƶ׼ȷλãʹ˲ƶͿƶĿĵˡ
Ŀǰ˵˲ƶʹϣҪƺʹüÿƶϢһƶҪƶ
ʱڽ˲ƶַľ嶼Բģص
ħǰ˫н˼ҲˣʹһҪСġ
˰ͱ¡ħʹ÷ַʱŹеħ䡣
ħǶʱܹھģַļҲõġ
һ飬ַѾŵլײַײ֣һ뵹˳һڸǲغãµİ飬ս˰ͱ¡ħ䡣
ŴãַŰӵ飬ˡ
鱦ݳƷȻõģСʱַתγ³ʱѾƽˡ
ƽҲϼҸһС
ȥҿַһұȽϴ鱦棬˽ȥ
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Ŷ𣿡
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ҲͦģǺƯۼǧٰ߰ˡ
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һ£ַЩӣ͹̨ϵȣҪԲ࣬ҲƯ࣬Ҫ֪ȻֳģַڵҰ飬һҪƯֵҲӸ߰
ַɤӣ˵ģһЩ飬չ𣿡
ŮԱһ㶣˰ԭİַ֪ģŮԱЦ˼֣ĵ鶼רŵֳûģɢǲչġ
ҵƯģĲգַ˵
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ճ£ڲԶ¾ܿ͹ַк¾˵ǺŮԱĲ࣬ǲɢģ¾ǿ˿ַ顣
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ַЦЦ˳¾ĺ⡣
ַҪߣ¾ƺЩżˣС̸ֵҪ٣һһ㣬˰ô˰٣
ǺǣˣΪģȻֻ٣һԼɡַ粻Ϊ˵
㻹Լɡ¾ҡҡͷȻַ綼˵ˣҲÿˡ
˳¾ֻϣԺ㲻ڡַζĿ˳¾һۣתȥ첽뿪
ڣ׬ǧǮ𣬺ڸƨ¾мһЦַĻ֮Աǡ
ȵַԶղŵλŮԱɻ˳¾ʵոǸСӵܺ𣿵ֲȱ飬ô鰡
ǵ鶼ֳģĴȻ飬ոЩͲһˣеǴȻ飬ɫϣҪͨƯһЩͼĻӦûЩ׬ͷλСֵ̫̰ˣ۸̫߾Ͳֵˡ
˵껰󣬳¾̲סԶַ翴һۣոճۻ̫ˣҪһڼ۳ǧԿģЩȷӦû׬ͷġ
ֻЩѾ̫ˣ˶ԶˣҲ˵ˣ¾Ը߼ַۣҲδԸ
׬ǧӺڸƨ¾һԴذ칫ȥˡ


008 飨£
ַȥ鱦꣬ǵõĽǴͬС죬Щ鱦ɢ鶼оȻַ飬ȴҲûг̫ߡ
ַᵽ¿ͷ仰С
ҰɣôƽУһҲңַ絭ȻһЦ鱦Լ飬ûϺʵ֮ǰЩҲô۵ġ
תۼ䣬Ѿˣַ߱ƽжʮ鱦꣬ǺʵңȴһҲûУкüҵˣǰƭӸ˳
⣬ôôأַ綥ŹеĶӣҲȥˣ·һҲСݣСһ׷һʮԪһپôԸȥˡ
˵ʱַ翴ϰĲҲ˺ôһЦϰͦƯģɣ
ǺǣλϰҲ鰡˵Ǽǿҽյʱģء˵ϰﲻ޵˵
һѹôƯأôƯ򲻵ɡַʵҲľûֻղô鱦㣬ûмֵϵ۵ģӦòǱİɡ
Ǻǣôõһĵȷ򲻵ģҲģ鱦ǿ鱦꣬˵ˣһǿһżֵʮĶ飬ִԲǲƯء
鱦ǣܴ𣿡
ܴ󣬱鱦ˡϰȻ˵
ϰָ㣬ֱַӳ⳵ȥ鱦ǡ
ϰﻹû˵ѣ鱦ǵȷͦģǰ˼һĴ棬ģܴ
ַѾ˾飬ֱ֮ӱԼ鱦ǵϰвƣȡòȴĲʮͣŴͷгɹ˵ķ緶
ַĴɣвƸպҲڣ˵ַ⣬вƺǺһЦĵŶģͦģĶԶˡ
вȻ˲ٰ׾ƣʱѾЩˡ
ַüͷԼǲȾƵģԶرᣬڿвƵģѾ֪ˡ
ϰ壬ҪһǸɡַ˵
ϰ壬ҪǽɣһԵľвƵҲЩģв˵
ﰡȥҰ칫ҰɣҲҿ鶼ʲôûɫвƵ˾һַۣԹԵĽ˰칫ҡ
Цһ֮£ҲֻܸŽ
ʲô顣вɳϣַ֡
飬Ȼ顣ַʱҲ߲ˣɴཫһС˹ȥ
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ɫжȫҪˡвƴ˵
û٣ҲЩˣˣϰʲôַۣԼǾû©ڷġ
в΢΢ĵô㣬Ҳ˼ˣƽˣĺˣԿģţɣһһţ飬ȫҪˡ
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ϰ壬λ̫ˣһȥʰɡַջ飬׼ˡ
ǺǣСϵܣиеĹأһˮأֲ泧ҳ۵ģɢʲô߼۵ġ
ҪͰгߣǶپǶ٣ͻƽһӦö۶٣ɲôüģҲģһһȫˣ㲻Կġ
ˣЩһԼɣ̫ϧˡַɲΪʮ飬ΪѰҽûʵ֮ǰײֵġ
ϰ壬ȥʣҪûкʵģ鷳㡣ַ룬ǸԼ·һûиߵļ۸Ҳһȡһֽ𻨻
вƴ˸ãЦžܾˣҲͦæģΪôڣۡ
ǺǣˡַҲȻЦЦ뿪鱦ǡ
ףҲһҡ߳鱦ģַ́ͷһպҲһ鱦꣬ҹģҲ鱦С١
鱦ֽ鱦ͦͨһ֡
Կַֽ̬鱦
鱦æʱַλеķԱ˵Լ⡣
ģСİһƽĵǳУȴͷһϡ
ôﲻ𣿡ַЩʧѾ׼ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊǰûǵģɣҽϰ£ԵȡС˵
鷳ˡַͷ˵
Ƭ̺һλʮ߰òٸСߣ˹
λòٸƣ鱦ϰ壬鱦丸׿ģΪǼгŮҵӪ
ƣַʱ־޵ĸоû뵽鱦ϰȻһλŮ
´һַ磬΢΢һЦòĵã鱦ϰƣգ
ַ˵ãҽַ磬С𣿡
˵ǵ鶼Ǵֳģͨǲɢģţɣܲҿһ顣
飬Ҳǵһַ۵ҲЩ棬ʲôֵרܵ鱦ۣ
ַɨΧһۣƺ㡣
ŶУȥҰ칫Ұɡ


009 
Ƶİ칫ķǳ࣬Ʒһ˿źãóǸɾŮˡ
Ƶİ칫ңַӡá

ɳַڿڴһóһֻСӳƵ˹ȥҲ֪ǲǹģ˲䣬ֱַƵﻮһ£һֻ۵ĸоֱӹۺû
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ƿѧ鱦ģ鱦ļҲרҵˮƽһеɫ飬֪Ȼĵˮ顣
ǵģȻĵˮ飬ֳġַ˵
Ƶͷһ㿴е飬һ˵ʵϣڵֳѾ൱죬Ȼֳ𲻴󣬶Ҷͨ߶ҲûжģرСطĴȻ飬Ҳ߼۵ġ
רҵǶ˵鲢û˵ֳҲǷҰҲȻ飬ϵ飬󲿷ֳֶ飬ҰȻ鼸ûеġ
ַȻǲôģƵĽ˵ЩȻĸоѹЩ˳۶ߣ黹ǰҵ鵱ֳ˰ɣ
ַЩɻ˵˵ȻͲֵǮˣ
ЦЦ˵Ҳ˵ģо仰лƽм޼ۣõʯ޼۵ģǲƽһ̶۸񣬶ҲʯһõҲ޼۵ģǵļ۸٣ȡڹ˶ϲ̶ȡ
ͨ˵ȻĻֳֳģûʵ壬ǶĳЩϲ˵Ȼֳ֮𡣡
Щɫ϶ǳƯ̫Բˣ̫ˣ̫Բ㲻顯ǷȻ飬Ҳҿ϶
˶٣ٴν͵Ȼ鶼飬ĴһЩʯӵȲԲ鶼̫ԲֳĺΪŽȥģ˵Ͼ׳ƷõԲ顣
̫ԲˣҿſˣˡֱԣŲҰ顣
ַ֣ص˵ҿԱ֤ǴҰ飬ŲžֻܿԼжˡ
ЦЦΪ˵ӦöƷҲ޷ȷǲȻҰҪȥרҵ֪ȻҰ飬Ҫ߼ҲҪҵӦҲһ飬Լȥ˼ȥۣ϶Ǽ鷳飬Ҳ߼ۡ
ԣҲôģ뷽һ㣬ֱ鱦꣬ҪôǮǾͺûϵˡַͷ˵
Ƹе飬΢Ц˵Ǿˣ̣ЩҿԸֳļ۸Σ
ʲô۸񣿡
ļ۸ҪоģΪÿһĴСǲͬģԽԽֵǮҪ֮󣬲֪۸ͬĻھͿʼмˣ
ܲܵ۸ַ绹Щĵ˵
ݸһЦԵģû⡣
ԵһᡣƷ飬Ťƨ뿪ˡ
ַĿһֱƽʵ˶ƨϣһֱȵŹϣջĿ⡣
ƷŮַͻȻð仰
ٴδ򿪣ոкַķԱСһˮˡ
Ȳ衣
ллˣ֪ôƺء
Сˡ
ǺСոлл㰡Ҫϰйҿ⡣
ⶼӦġСһЦǫ˵
Сǵϰڣϰأ
ϰ壿ϰ尡Ŷ֪ˣòǿϰ˰ɣϢŶϰӢδ֮ŶСЦ˵
ûްһλƽʣʿˣͷôôƽʣʿأַһϲȴ̲סֹ
Сü⣬ȻַֹЦС˵Ŷλƽʣʿأһλ׸ôûʵ
ַӣµĵͭʣʿԶԸƽʣʿ˰ɡ
ǺǺǣССַһۣ˶Ц
˵ʲôأôġ֨ѽһˣһС˽
ûأ˵˸ЦܺЦƽ㣬ûµĻȳȥˡСͷϽӵˡ
ûж룬ַкһһŵĲ
һǶʮ飬Ҹ¼۸ҿԳǧٿǮ£㿴ô
ǧ٣ǶٰʮǮһˡ۸ַҲ֪Ǹ߻ǵͣڶ鱦˵Ƶĳۣ߰ģȶ鱦ҲƵ̬ҲϽġ
ʱ򣬶ֱһڼµģΨһһŽвȻļ۸񣬲Ƶļ۸ǲˮ֣̬ȣַǳ⡣
ȻַҲ֪չۺͳۼ֮䣬źܴģҲЩ鱦ǵ׬Ǯ֮
ַվֵ۸Һ⣬С㣬ԤףǺ졣
죿Ԥףģõ¡أֹһȴվַ֡
ַƺϵƵͻȻЦе˵С»ûŪҵ˼
Ŷ˼ǡƵϸһ˿ĺ档


010 
Ŷ˼ǡ
ַ粻ײ˵˺죬Ƶ϶ʱһ˿ĺ档
ʵʵһɫ飬һȶԴСΪҷǳ⣬ҿΪСṩ飬Ȼ۸ʱսĽۼۣԺǾҪԺ˵ˡ
Щݵ˵Уж٣
ܶࡣַ򵥵˵ھж٣ǾͲ͸¶ˡ
ƵʱɻַкܶȻĻô϶һģôõѵ·
ġַ뷨·ĶҲҵͷϡ
ַ뷨Ǻܼ򵥣ֻҸʵңѣּ򵥵飬䵽ϣȴøư裬᲻÷ò׵Ĳ·
Ƶ۹⿴ַаٷ֮ʮĿǴȻĵˮ飬úõĻǿԽϼġ
߰Ʋ׷
һϵ绰һҪĻ㣬㿴Σƶ»Щ׼ʱһ£Ȱ򵽵Ķʮȥ˼
û⣬ʱ䲻ˣֻ𰲴죬һҪҴ𸴣ĻֻˡȻַƵӡ󲻴Ҳ޵ĵȴȥ½ڵȴĿûʱ˷ѡ
˵죿ã죬һ𸴵ġ
˽ϣַŸȥ
һεĽףַ绹ǱȽģʮǧĸ߼ۣѾ൱ˣϾַ˵½ϵҪж٣Ҫ׬Ǯ൱װ
Ȼ˵˵죬ַȻҲʳԣڸ˼һ㲻ľƵס˽ȥҾƵ껷Ǽ۸ЩһҪٶǮ
ַҲûСë׬ǮȻûǮˡ
ϵʱַϵСַѾҪСĵ绰룬˵ҪСԷģϱԼĳŵ
СûַҪȥǮktvַ絹ҲνСǮǮһᡣ
Сʱ򻹴λŮѣͦģʵϣŮֻҪ̫ģ΢綼൱Ư
С˶Ը񣬺ַк󣬱ԹԵڰﳪ
Сַߣ͵ЦôûпĸŮģҸý
ˡַЦҡҡͷ
ĲãǺǾˣƽˣСЦ˵
ϰƯϲַ͡ûзԼƵĺøС
Сַһۣ˵˶һУʲôͲ͵ģֻҪƯŮǿ϶ϲ
ǺǣСǺܶ˵ġַ翪Ц
˵ģ㲻Ĵ׷ϰɣ
治˵ɡǺƯǸо飬Ǻ˵ģַȷһֱŴѧʱһλŮУ
С´ַ磬ҡҡͷ˵˵ʵҲ㣬òң㻹Ǳϰˡ
ַĵŶҲܿó
ǵȻһͷӦûûһǧǮɣ֪ϰһںҪǧأϰġ
һںҪǧࣿôŮ˵ǮҲ̫׬˰ɣ
㶮ʲôǽݳƷǷԭװڵģϰõĶݳƷһױƷͿԶһµĹˡ
Ůˣ׷õ𣿡
ιιιǹҵģַ˵
ǵǣֻǿͳԷķϣѣԺͷѪˣźڡ
ôѣ
׵Ļϰͼ޵ˣֵõ
ߺߣҲ룬ϰҪòòҪңɾΪ̫ˣܹʵ̫٣Բż޲ȥ
ͨ£ƽʣŮôʣµģ߲ɵͲͣҸ˼޵治װ
ô˵һҲûˣַЦ
ǿɲһ˵ʻţϣû׼Ƕţأ˵СԼЦ
СַҲ˲ٹƵϢƽʮַ꣬绹Ҫ꣬һãǳŮ滹һϴѧãϸеĵܵܡ
Щϸ飬СҲǲ֪ġ
һСʱַûж˼СкˣȻ˵ַѾˡ
ڶ磬Ʊ˵绰ϣܹļ۸򵽸顣
ƵĶ֮죬ȴЩַϵġ
ַȻǲ֪ƶһεĽ׸⿴أڵϾרҵĻϵ˼⣬Щ鶼ʵȻ飬һȻһ֤飬ͿǮ
ַܹϣļ۸չɫ飬ܹΪƴΪĻر
ΨһǣַоŶ
С㣬û˵ɣ죡ٴμ棬ַЦ˵
ƺַ֣ҲЦһҲû˵ȷǺ졣
ַЯаװɫ顣
һγıȽϴæҲûд̫飬С㣬㿴ɡ
˵ǲ࣬ʵҲˣһ飬㹻ɼʮˡ
һɫ飬Ƶͬ˶һλȻû˵󻰣ͦġ
һӵ飬ɲһ˿ĹģƽλԱ飬Լַ罻̸
һֹȻ࣬Ƭ̺ϣԼһ۸ոļ۸ʮǧ۸ᵽʮ


011 Ƥ
Ʊʮļ۸ַ׼Ǳһ㶡
ǮҲ̫׬˰ɣ
ַܿͻָ˳̬ĵͷ˵۸Уɡ
ͨУʮĻֱӴַпϣˣ˵ĵһʽף˳ɡ
С㣬Ϊδĺ飬Զٷ㿴𣿡ַ
Ц˵ոմ׬ʮľ޿ᣬҲҪ͵ġ
Էĵص㣬ƶµģ鱦ԶһвڴԵģҪſ
ֵջ˱߳Աģʱ֮Ĺϵ֮ǰѾࡣ
Ѿİ˹Ϊˡ
ڶһ磬ַȥĦгרõԽҰĦгĦгַǮ
Ħг൱ַֻСʱʹ𰲸ϻլ
صլͣĦУַȥһºԺĿûб˰Ὺĺۼŷ
ĴַԼĹ滮ֻ֮ǰʽȱŵַʮʽ㹻ַԼ뷨
ʱһСͣլļſڣһְһ̨纸
泵Ĺ˽ְ͵纸ַûǽԺֱӽŵǰԺ
ȵַ֮ԼŸְغԺڸǶߵľɾʵĸְŵ˿ϡ
ȿְڸʵַŸһ֧Ӵ˵绰ԼҵĵطһƤݡ
Ϊ˼ӿȣַŵ깤ǧǮļӼѣͷַͬҪ󣬵磬һ֧ӾʹŹլ
ͷǸʮĶ󺺣˳
ַȥ˺ԺҽԼҪ˵һ顣
˵ϰ壬Сһ׮û⣬û⣬ͿŪá
˶٣ֺʵϰ壬ǽʲôõģʲôرҪ𣿡
ֿģֻҪܷܺþУܽȥˡַ˵ǣ˵ֿʹõġ
ŶŶһȴ룬ƫƧĵطֿ⣬λϰԴŷ˰ɣ
ȻǲԴˣһϵҲûУֻҪǮþͿˡ
еҪ֮˳ȥ°˲ϣʼɻ
ַҪǽһƤݣҪȫܷ⣬ܹмһΧˡ
ϰ壬ְҪôͷ⣿ָŵϵĸְ˵
ԣְͷǣĸְһ𣬺ӵϣǵҪƤݺӵһ𡣡ַͷ˵
߷
Ƥݵ޽ǱȽϼ򵥵ģøһŵĿܣȻһĲְĺȥƤݵĵ棬Ҳһĸְ庸
æµһ֮һ׵Ƥݾǽˡ
ַû߿һֱڶŹʩƤ޽ɣַ簴ճŵβ塣
ллϰ壬ԺлٽҰóƱЦе˵
õģ´Ҫ㡣ַͷ˵ȴЩ΢΢ۡ
Ƥݽ򵥣ҲͦǮģϴ˹һַǮǮôһƤݣַ绹Щ۵ġ
ȻһЩַ˵ȴڼĶΪͨ½Ŀռ͸Ƥݵĵ£ƤݵڸǣҪǰȫࡣ
ƤѾãʣµ飬ҪַԼˡ
ַ罫Լĵ纸ƤݣϵԴȻŵϵһְв
ַǵ繤ַ˼纸ȻôãǻĲȴ֪ġ
¿ռպôƤݵǣַһĸְи
ַļĲҹάһֱߵģĲ£ȴһߣҺô״ûдʹⲻ
µĸְ屻ۺӵ˵ذϣӶڵһš
ϺۣԷĴţһߵ¥ݣµߣռ
ַһЩʣĸֲڿռڴһ̵ţҲǶԿռһߡ
ȵһȫãַһֱѾҹһˡ


ڶ죬ַһֱ˯ʮһʱ򣬲Ժ˹򵥵ϴԷַƤݣ˳ſռ˹½
½ҲǸĵĺ۵۹⣬ַϡ
ǮԽҰĦгѾַᵽ˹½ַĦгɽ£ȵ·ƽһЩŷĦгźҴʻȥ
Ħгܣĺõû˵ڴֻҲ԰ȵĿٱۡ
Ħг߰˷ӣַ㵽˺Ҵ塣
ĦгеܿͽĴѹ
ʲô찡
ַʦˣ
ַʦˣ죬죬ȥߴˣַʦˡ
ַ뿪죬Ŀ³֢ڱȫٴλָյİҲ
ЩڴĴǣַĵ̶˷ܶĽٴ̳ŴȥԱ֪ͨýӴַʦĹ
ַ;ũѺõĵͷڴǾηУʻĦгһ˺Ҵ塣


012 Դ
ַʦӭĵ
һӣַܵ˴д
Ǻáַ΢ЦŵͷӦȲ飬Ҳ䵭ԡ
ַȥ˴峤ңҵϴ峤ֱ˵˵ϴ峤ҪڴһŵĵطΪ޽һ𣿡
ϴ峤۾һַܹסǴ֮õĺ鰡
סǴ䣬ǺҴĪҫ˵ԷݵҪһȫȥ졣
ַ˵ûʲôرҪ󣬸ɾιֻ̣ҪͿˣÿ˵ķԶһ㣬Ƚ徲
Ŷϴ峤룬˵ĻǾͺðˣԵ죬ǻΪǺ÷ݡ
ַͷ΢ЦǾòˡ
ܳһʱڣַ綼ҴӴںҴһԼķӣַɻ᷽ࡣ
ַ˵˽췿⣬һҪǰҲɼ飬ԽãԽԽá
ɼ̫ˣȫû⡣Щ׵飬ϴ峤ڴӦ
ַ¶ɫƵ˵ܺãôʲô𣬻Ҫʲôʣҿ԰취
ַףҪǳõΪԼ£ԶԶģι̵ĺϵǽĻϡ
ﻹһ鷳һַʦ
Ŷʲô鷳£˵ɡ
ģԭȵʱһϪǺҴ壬ȥ󺵣ϪѾɺˣǴˮֻȥʮɫĵúÿΪ˴ˮһһطǳѾʦܲʩչΪǽ⡣
Ǽ򵥰ַ缸ûж룬˵ȻϪɺˣǵĵˮӦûڵģֻҪڴ򼸿ˮ𣿡
ڲȥϴ峤˵ΧضǼӲĺҵأ滹һȥͲˣ涼ǼӲĺңڲȥ
ַ˵Ļ⽻Ұɣһᾡġ
ǾͶлʦˡַӦϴ峤ʱһ
ǺҴһЩ±ֻܽˮԴȴˣֻҪʦܹ⣬ׯڻ˵ĳã᷽ࡣ
齻ϣַԼȡ飬ȥˡ
ˮԴ⣬ַе뷨ֻǻҪȥϣȷ
Ħгڶźãַ˳ſռصƤݵĵҡ
ַո߳ƤԺһ˵
ϣַСʲôʱںԺ·ˣԴ󻢹Ľһ˫ȴֱƤɨȥ
ַɫһ䣬ʱͺȵԴҼʲôôģ͵
͵ƨ㶫͸ҲҪԴ󻢷˷ۣĲм
ԴַͬĴ񣬱ַ꣬ѾʮˣСʱַԴҲ飬ֻǳ֮˾ûʲôϵˡ
ԴѾʲôöˣóʲô͵鶼ɣΪﱻץΣַľǣԴ󻢾Ȼȥǿ鸾ŮΪǿﱻ꣬űųġ
Ů˺ܽ󣬿ŮֺܱˣŮĻ˼ǮһٿͣٿȫףŮٸѡ£Դ󻢻ȥǿ飬ַ翴ԸΪ顣
ַ粻ԼԴȴˣԴ󻢺ٺһЦ˵ַʲôҵһ֪ҿɼǵҴûзƹģö˶˵ǮⶰƤݵģٺ٣ҿɿԽҰĦлģĦİɣûǮ²
Դ󻢣ҼûǮ¡ַ˵
ǲҵµģλط񰡣ҪʲôΥ飬бȨɣԴȻĻߣȴ٣Դ쿴ַһȫµԽҰĦл͸оԾˣͶַ磬ȻһЩߡ
ԴЦ׻˵ĺãǮ׬Լһ͵͵ĳԶʳǾͲˡ
⻰ʲô˼ַСӸò֪ʲô˰ɣ
⻰㻹ףԴЦҲڵϻģǵСҡ
ԴָԺƤ˵úõģƤʲôƶ˽
Դ󻢵ĿУǮ·ôƶ˽ַƧƤݣ϶ʲô顣
ַ練˿ģûƶ
ַĿҲӲƨֲǽǣ˭ҪǻɵĻ㱨ȥ
ٺ٣ûҲ֪ʲô˵飬ȴǿ϶ģҪ治£ҿɾ汨ˣԴƤЦ˵óһֻֻģİ˱绰
ַԽַҲ֪Դ󻢾ǿѲĹƤҩһϣͲôˡ
ַһ˵˲˵ôɡ
Դ󻢺ٺһЦݻ˱ĵ绰˵ҲģͷȽϽǮĺˣͷɣȻҲͲᵲĲ·


013 
ַҧҧйһգ֪ڻܷʱΪƤȷż˵ܡ
ַڿڴһ֮óһӵͷַеĺɫֽңԴ󻢵۾
ַ˻ϵͷӲ˵ʲôģҲܲ³֣Ҳҵ·ӣҵǮҲôõģҪ֪˵˵ģ϶Ҳûʲôùӳԡ
ķģҲ˵ġԴ󻢵ĻǶһӵͷˣͷӦ˴¡
һӵͷǧǮӦÿԶһʱˡ
õǮԴԽ˷ЦĺַһҲߴţݵΧǽһΧǽȥˡ
ʽΧǽû̫ߣԴóЩ͵飬׾ͿԷǽȥȻղôǽġ
ȻʱˣַȻһжж²ý
ҽ컹Դ󻢶ѣԺҪϸô죿
ķֵַ羯
ĿǰõĽӦɱڣҲǳȥ󻼵÷һ뵽ҪɱˣֳַĬ
һһɡ
Ŵַȥ˴ٻУǼǮͦһСʱȻҪǮΪڱֻһɣ¢⣬ǮҲҪࡣ
ַҪ̨ӣϡ
һᣬַҵ˽ҴˮԴķֱ꾮
ҴصȷǳӲִ꾮ȴʯϿġ
ַ翴һֵС꾮ۼǧǮټ׵ĶִƵ糡ǣһǮ
Ƶ糡һƵͨƵķӶ鿴¹죬֪Ƿˮ
豸˹Ҫʱ䡣
ֲַ鿴йϢļ۸ˮʮ㣬˵鼸ʮǮһ飬ȴһš
ļ۸ַڴгǰҲǳá
ַ룬һ׷豸豸Ϳ˹
뿪ɣַڴͷСԴĴ齫ַĿһ䣬תһصլ
ڶһ磬ַصҴ壬ϴ峤İЧ൱ѾΪַ׼˶ʮɫ顣
ַı飬ϴ峤Ҳ˵Щҹɼõ飬ɫĵúжʮλ׳СڲͣĲɼʱͬҲܲɼͬ顣
ܺãҺ⡣ַĵͷ˵ЩΪҲɼ׳СҲǰװģţ´ʱһΪǴꡣ
ܹΪЧңʲô겻ģˡϴ峤˵
ǱҪģŶˣˮԴ⣬Ѿ뵽İ취ˣٹҾͿΪǽ¡
ϴ峤ʱϲЦտл
ʮɲСĿϣǸ⡣
ַŷȱһ͵Ľͨߡ
ʵϣַҪĲʲôͨߣǴָֻҪһöĴָô⣬Ҳ͵ڽˡ
ַĿǰҲӵһöָǰͱ¡ħ䣬öħĴռǸ˾ĴС䶯ģĿǰ£ַľ޷ָĿռ䣬ҲͲܱˡ
ַ૵ĵһڰοԼͬʱҲԼ侲
ַԼ治ɴ£ֻܿǰæˡ
ϰ֪˴£ԸµӦϰ»ͦףһĹϰоڴʮλСӣʮλССһ˿ַ󣬿첽
ڿߵɽµأַСǽʣµ飬ֻܿԼˡ
һ飬ͦصģַһһĽȫ˻˶ߡ
ڶϢСַ֮ͨռƤݡ
Դ󻢣ʲôַ߳ƤݣԴ泯
Դ۾Ц˵ϰͦæİҶȥϰˡ
ַȻ֪Դ󻢻еĺ壬ֻӲͷƤ˵첻ǴӦҲ𣿡
ѽϰ壬Ҳû취ҵǵǮȫˣһΣһˣٽһǮҾҲԴ˵ĿȴһԶģһǮַǸˡ
ַҧ˫ֻֽֽ˿
һˡǸһλᣬַĬĬ
ллϰ壬ллϰ塣ԴۼֿĽַ綪һͷ뻳УЦеĵ˵ͷַע£ִҡڵķΧǽ뿪ˡ
ԴֹƤҩַһ취ûС


014 һ
˼죬ַ򵽵Ķ½͵ˡ
ȱʹõģһ׼ģһ׵ӦȸӦͼͷ
Щʹöǳļ򵥣ַ翴˵飬ֱӽװϡ
ַ翪豸Ч㲻ͦģȸӦʱֻҪдӦΧͻԶı̶ִĺͻʹöԷĶӡ
׷豸ַࡣ
⼸ʱڣַѾ½İʮŵƤھ͵ƴ绰Ҫˡ
ȻǺϵҲҪעַ֣֮ԸԴ߻һ֮ĺоͿռȨˡ
ӣѾǵˣҲô绰ˡ
ַֻͻȻַһ룬ƵֻţַһЦ˵ܲٲܲٵ
ιϰɡ
ҡַѹϲƽĵ
Ҳûкѣֱ˵˵ϰ壬ǵ׼ôˣ۵׼ˣ͵ǵˡ
ǺǣСĺˣԴ㣬Ҫж飬С̲°
绰һͷֺǺǵЦǳŵ˵Ǻǣϰĺˣе۵·ӣֻҪƷʲ䣬ϰжҾ¶顣
⻰˵ģҪһʱղҵ飬ҿ鷳ַ뿪Ц
һ飬ļٵŶ
Ȼˣʵһ飬ҸҰȻ飬ϵȵƷʡ
绰ͷĬһ£򶨵ĵǺãǿ˵ˣϰҪΪһŶ
ãһԿһޣǾô˵ˡ
ϰ壬ʲôʱ԰͹
Ϳԡ
ͿԣĻǾòˡ
˵Լַֿ˼СЦŹ˵绰
ַʱѾӦһˣһ鰡ҪܹǮܿͿԳΪˡ
ַ˿裬˶ԭƬ̣绰һλ˾˳ȥ
ӵʱһСͣլſڡ
˾нݽ𣬽ʮˣ൱ݣͺһܰһ
ݽĵ绰ַģΧһרܶ;䣬˵
ַ翴۽ݽģû˼æԼ˿
ϰ壬ӰɡݽǸʵˣԼ˳ڣַź
ȻԸæַҲֵɣһɻҲࡣ
ݽһνӵĻЩģһҲһˣʲôʲôʣ÷ִ硣
ַ縺ˣݽڷţһ֣ܿͰҪϡ
ĵʱС㵽鱦ſڣſڵСƴһһˣ
ôС㣬յղµĻҿҪ鷳ˡԵַһЦɵĿ˸Ц
ʱѾعַһۣĵգôա
ǺǣôЩж𣿡ַʵ
˾ȥжɣ¥вֿ⡣
߷Ͻ鷳ˣѳԺȥ
Ժһֻֻ鷳ķԱᵽ¥ϲֿⴢһ˵飬Ƶ۾˸ɫ۾Ѿ΢΢
ȵãʵϰ壬ЩҰ飿
Щ벻ͨʲôʱҰȻôŪˣ֮
Ȼ֤ҰģƷʱϴε飬ֻãַ϶˵
⡭ðһ£Щ鶼ģȻ﷢ˣ⣬벻ʲôطڴҰ顣
ȻڻϵȻֵδֵ飬Ҳֲͷϰ
ַٺһЦ˵˵ҵЩǣȴǲ˵ˣҵŶҵŮ֮⣬ǲκܵġ
ŶŮ˾֪ܣ
ʱҲ֪Ϊһ֪ҵǸģ˭ҾҲûлġַ΢΢ɬ˵
ϰ廹δ飿Щ˵ַӦҲС˰ɣʮ߰˵ͣòҲԴҲ͵ģȻδɼң
ַҡҡͷп˵ͨҿϣƯĿңôˣԵְɡ
˭˵ءַĻҲе̾һ
ҡҡͷԳı飬˵ϰ壬̸ɣļֵ𣿡
ûأⷽСмңҺܷġַ͵˵
ϰΣô¾ͽɡ΢΢һЦ¶ںÿС


015 ޿ǧ
̫ˣλŵùķԱ飬һλԱַˣλС
һ̫ˣֻе֮һƱѾˡ
֮һֵѾ˰˰
ƹһ£еҪȫֵܼӦǧҡ
ƲûмǮˣǼֵǧ鱦ףҲǵһξѾðˡ
͵͵ĹһԼʽ𣬲óǧ̫֮ˣƵģʱĳ
ʽ𲻹ˣôôܹ˳
ĲɵĿŷԱ飬ȴٵת˼ɽס
ַɾûô˼ˣɵƷϵȵżӵ飬żֿ˼޷ǳƣӣ̫ˡ
˵Ŭе鶼ϣֵܼƹĲ࣬ǧһʮ
ǧһʮ򣿡ַϵĺëҿǧ򰡣
ַҲһӦûֵƣֵǧԪַʱҲ΢΢
ǧҳǧˣ
ϰ壬Ǯʣַ΢΢ɻʵ
ǺǣûʣǮͦõģɡʲôɱãǧַѾϲˣﻹʲôʰ
΢ЦĻôȥ칫ɡ
úáַԴεģǧ򰡣ȥ칫ǧˡ
칫ڣɳ¡
һ˵ϰ壬ģǵʽʱЩ㣬ҿ֧ԪʣµĻҪ֮󣬲֧
˵֮ƵѾĺ
鱦һжĽףҲûǷһ˵ƴ鱦Ҳмʱˣÿν׶ǻ壬һǷ飬ĸоʱ
ˣַѿڶ֣ƵˣҪγˮˡ
ַҲعζˣЦĿǰͨƣСŮ̬ƽȴѵһҲһķ顣
ߺ죬ڵģΪģַ翴һָӵĳ嶯ַ촽Ͷ
ַѹס궯º͵˵СˣģʽѵʱСѴôͰС˵İɣȸʣµĻԵȵ֧֮
һɣмĿַ磬л˵ллϰ壬һᾡ콫۵ģڣҾͿԽϡ
²˶٣ַЦ˵ҲİˣСϰĽţҲֵͦģҽѣְɣַˡ
⵱Ȼû⡣ҲЦӦ˴¡
ַ΢΢һЦζ˵ƣòǴû޹˰ɣոյɫøˮƵģҶҧһˡ
ǮӢ۵˾޶룬ַĵҲֱӽƣһҿСЦ
У²ƲʾһֻǺòƽַôһ˵΢΢ˡ
ھһѺ֣ɱϾŮӣƤ̫ȴǴûģĵһˣĸо﷢飬Żߺ졣
ַҲǼþգ˸СЦ֮󣬱տڲ£˿ַп֮󣬽ַпС
ַֻ죬зĻţ˺Ԫ
ֻĿֱַ΢ɲĶһˣ
ַһܵĵҵĵһһסһģҲ׬ȡ׬Ǯ
˼ĵǰң
ǵȻΪǸַЦ
ҲЦҡҡͷַ绹ͦ˼ģ֪ǣַϣʲô˵ܡ
صַ磬ѾЩȤˡ
ôƣпҽַˣһôַЦе
ƿЦִϰ壬ҽﻹʱȥԷµЩ飬һҪ۵ءˣҿɻǷǧûлء
û㣬㼱ʲôټҲҪԷİ㿴ɣʱҲˣߣǳԷȥ˵ͬʱַץƵС֣ƴɳ
һЦСֱַץסֻܸˡ
ƵСǻ۵ĺܣַŰֵĸоҲ֪ŮСǲץģڰ֮󣬱˳ƷſС֡
ͻȻַ罫ַŵ˱һᣬϻһı顣
ҴأûİַһۣȴһĨߺ졣


016 Ǯˮ
Ƶ˼ȷŵϣַһҲǳԵĲɣСʱ־ͽˣַЦһֻԼøϵ
ַ߳δĸоʱҲ̫ˣ˯
ʱ仹磬ȥְɡ뵽ַĶˣ⳵ĿǱҵн֡
ϣַ粦ͨ˼˵ĵ绰
ι֣⼸ô
ַ簡⣬ֲǲ֪ģҲõ˱ġ̫ˣַ縸ĸķװҲͻ±ѡ
ֲַԸ˵飬תƻַ磬ʲôʱȥ˰ɣ
֣ڼ˷ݹԡַ͵Ц԰ְ˸Сѡ
˷ݹҲУ̫۵ĹͱˣﻹȱǵǮ
ûذ֣һչԼģԼҲҪСĵ㣬Ǯ׬ģԼ۵ˡ
˵绰ַȻڻŸĸ֪Լ֮ϲģԼ̲סЦ
ַ絹Ǻ룬ھ͸߸ĸԼˣַǮЩ죬֪ĸͣҲԸ򵥵ڵ绰͸ĸͣ¾͵
ٵȵȰɣǧĻȫˣٿһܳͣǰٸǧˣʱʲô飡뵽ĸ֪֮ĿЦַٴЦ
ٵȵȰɰ裬ϾͿ帣ˣ
⳵˾ַһֱɵЦʱƵʵôСֵܣϲˣ
ϲ˰ŲƱʮءַ˵
ҿ⳵˾һļĽޡ
˾ˣҪƱ


ʱպߵ룬ҹֵʱ򣬲нǳ֡
ַ˳⳵벽нֹ
ַпѾٶʾ޿ַ֮ʮ㣬ԾĹԼϲ֮ǰж
򲿺ֻɡַĿһɨһֻ˽ȥ
Ҫʲô
ֻҪһġ
ҪһģҪʲôλģƻ4ô
ƻˣֶƻֻûӺһֻλĻǧ鶼û⡣ֻ֣ѹ
ǧû⣿ǾǴͷˣԱһϲкĸˡ
ôs4¿Ļͣĺ+ĺ1.6GHz+1.2GHzڴ32GBڴ2GBĻ5Ӣ磬֧ƵͨĻ1600ͷ1300򡭡
ͦģǮҲ˰ɣַЦʵ
һǮһֻs4¿ۼ5888ҪĻǧŶʡǧܻġԱܵ
Уɡֻãַͦģһ£ͦģҲ˳־;ˣͼǧǮĶҵַ˵νˡ
ֻҲðװˣַ罫ԼԭȵֻװֻϣԭȵɽկƻֱӶˡ
ַֻ糯һҵȥĵڶĿһԱʼǱ
ַԭȵıʼǱǰģ͹ʱˣֻ֮ǰûǮµıʼǱֻʡǮˣȻǲͬˡ
ַڱʼǱר˿ƻʼǱĺi7Ĵڴ16GBӲ512GB棬Ļ15.4Ӣ磬Сʱ
൱һʼǱȻ۸Ҳ൱İۼһǧԪַʼǱκܶ൱⣬ϵˢ
ʼǱʱ˳߿ʱСʱʱضԳ硣
Ʒװַ꣬ԼװǮ治ˣַǮһǮһֻ·ӲҲܺ
ַûκԥĻһ·ɵһֱӶͰȥоɵĲȥµĲ
ԼҪĶַĹ˲н֡
½ڵ߼ۣôͬģϵƷҲڹ½߼ֻۣʲôƷַʱûþ
ӦũӦ߿ƼƷڶԹ½ȱ˽£ƷѡԵΪѡ
ѡĻַԸСɵĸ߿ƼƷС䣬Ҳַĳۡ
˵ʲôȥأַüͷ˫ҲŲϵڲнɨɨȥ
ιַ磿
ַһ̧ͷһϣˣСˡ
ִϰ壬ĴæҲֵ𣿡СЦ˵
æҲˣйֵʱİɡַӣ޹˵
Ǻǣ˷Źˣ£ұԿִϰ壬ַͺˡ
ַʵע⵽СߵλŮˣǳ崿һλˣûлױƤǳ𪣬ȫ£Ȼɢž˵
ԿڵβȾ崿崿þͺӻ߳һ㣬ִַ·ӦִӦڹŴ
ַ翴΢΢ĳ˳Сһַһ죬εĵ˼ɽųģûмļƷŮԿóˡ
ַ˵ΣԿַ絭ЦЦֻϵЦݺܿ챻ԳһĨĳݡ
ԿϵһĨĳݣһַҪǻ
ַһɨһۣ˵ֿտջûö
СҡҡͷյĵڵǵҲ̫ˣɰЩƽͷСտӿˣǱȹӵģǹ˴֣ûһʵģ̫ˣ᲻򡣡
ɣѵķϣһȹôֵ·Ҹַ󷽵˵


017 
ɣѵķϣһȹӣֵ·Ҹַ󷽵˵
С۾һ˵˵Ŷ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵һȹһġ
Сһת˵һȹӰзݣҲзݰɣ
ַ»ַͷ˵ҲԣзݣҲҪзݵġ
Կæҡҡͷ˼ĵҾͲˡ
СɲЩԿ˵ַǸϰ壬ΪǮۣãԴˡ
СҲǲμģ֪۵ַȻǸǮĴϰ壬ȻԷôǮɾһ㶼ˡ
Կ˵ʲôСȴˣԿͳһŮװ˽ȥ
ַЦЦҲ֮˽ȥ
Ůĺ鷳ʹַԶߣС߰˼ŮװȻһ
̵ַŮˡ
㿴ôСŮװ껻˵·ˡ
аɡԿԵĲɡ
ҲûССŶһһ̱꣬ԥȻǧˡ
С㣬װɣַСһС⶯ı飬ϵˢˡ
ǺǣҾͲˡС죬ʱ͵Ц
ûпеģջпַʵ
Կҡҡͷõġ
Ҫɡַָųһɫȹ˵
ۣƯϽԡ
С£Կεȥ¼任ɫȹ
Ƭ̺Կ¼ַ翴һ㶣಻Լ
Կԭͷǳ崿ټװɫȹĳУԵԿ·ϵʹ䷲
ۣƯȹӺءСĽü
ǺܲС㣬Ҳַû۸ֱˢ¡
ַ磬ҲҪԿҡҡͷܾ
Сûİ˱һۣ˵͵ĶﲻҪοȹô㡣
ԿСС˵̫ˣ
СҲһ·ȷ̫ˣҲ˼ַˡ
Ѿˣ߰ɣ·ֱӴţǻߣַ߹˵
ô죿ַ·̫ˣǲҪСʱȴҲľܾ
СǸŮӣ֪ʲô˿ռʲô˲ռȹ̫ˣҲҽܡ
ַҡҡͷ΢Ц˵㲻˵Ǹϰ壬˵㲻ʲôǮʲôģǾѣŻǮȹӵģѼ
ɣµҹͣǾǳƽˣô
СĶˣȹӾܾͦϧģַĲںǮĻܾƺԼԿ˰ɣ
ǲҪ˰ɱ㡣ԿҡҡͷȹӾԵ޹ʵЩĻš
Ѿˣַȥ˿ûӵģˣո˵Ҫͳҹģ·úãھߡ
ı㣬ԿҲ޿κˡ
ɵ·úã˴·ֱˡ
ԿİȹȷܳʣڴϣͷߵģԿˡ
СεһĶͷԹĵҾ֪ԺҲͿˣÿζҪҶ
Ҳû취飬СȻҲǺʵԿȴûȵģСòҪǰ˷ֵĻԿòʮˣòһĲࡣ
Ȼҹ˻ѡ˼Ҫ˼ᡣ
ַۣոûְƻʼǱڿַ̨ʼǱСŵĽ
ģôɡ
ʲôвֱǳڻַ֮ͬСѱʼǱ˳Կһ˱ʼǱ
ҹ˴뿪СסĵطԽ˳³֮ʣСַ磬ұÿǺŮɱ⣬аһҪȫ͵ҡ
ַһЦ˵ҳĺɫ𣿷ĺˣҰѿ͵ſھֱˡ
ǺǣҪô˵𣬰ݰɫǡСЦĵټС뿪ˡ
ַҡҡͷתԺԿ˵סģȥɡ
õġԿͷѵַ˳
ʮӺ󣬳⳵һСſͣ
ҵطˣݰݡԿ˵
ȵȡַæ˳ǮҲ
ղҿǴӦҪ㰲ȫ͵ҵģɻûء
Կҡҡͷ˵Ѿˣûµġ
УһҪ͵ҵģĺˣֻſڣҲȥ
Կ˿ž˵СֵҲЩˣͷ˵ǡ鷳ˡ
鷳ַ΢Цҡҡͷӿ֪Կסˡ
л֮Կһ¥ǰ棬˵ҵˡ
ǡˡ
ҹ£Կҧҧ촽˵ҪȥҼɣ
ַ⣬ַܿͷӦ˹ͷ˵ð


018 Կ
ҹ£Կҧҧ촽˵ҪȥҼɣ
ַ⣬ַܿͷӦ˹ͷ˵ð
Կϵ¥ԿóԿףһŴ򿪡
ԿǰϷӣװ޻ڶʮǰķַ컨Ͽһ̨Ͼɵĵȡ
ɣȵʲô
㣬ƿˮɡַڿɨһۣɳ
ԿҵװļҾӦüΪͨǸ
Կ򿪱䣬ַ˹ˮҲԼƿ̲衣
Կ̲ɳһͷƿǣĺ̲衣
Կƺ£ܽš
ַ緢Կ̲΢΢ʲôڽʲô
ַһˮǲǼʲô飬Ҫ𣿡
һдõƺҪ뿪ӣԿıҲǸŮӣԵ޹ʵȴԼȻԿԸǲϵġ
ַ粢Լ˧ԿһĵزôΨһĿܣԿʲô飬Լ
Կ̧ͷǰҪˣⶰѾˣٹҪȥˡ
ַüͷ˵ӣǼʲô𣿡
ԿͷҡҡͷҡҪǮҪܶǮ˵Ǯҡܲܡ
˵ԿɤѾˣ˫ʪһſ۽Ȼ䡣
ʲôú˵ްַŮӿˣæҵĽ輸ϵֽ˹ȥ
ллԿӹֽ˲ˮˮ̫̫࣬ôҲꡣ
һԿ̫̫ѹһҲֹסˡ
ޣޡ滨Կַ翴ۣ˳ƷסԿļ򣬰§˻
ءַЦһ֮Կ޵ĸˣſַļصʹ
ԣ޲ޡַҲ֪ôοˣֻܰѿɺ壬˿ĸļ
ԼĪ߰˷ӣԿȶ
ַԿĺ󱳣ԵԾ뿪ߡ
ǲǼʲô飬˵˵ʲôѣܰæģһַº͵˵
ôԿҲŮӣԿԼ˼ңһԼļϷʹޣȻǼ﷢ʲôˡ
šһ֮ԿҲȶɤӻ˵
Կڹ˼ͥĸǹĹˣȻһӣȴûжٻ
ԭǮǮҲûʲôģǾ֮ǰԿĸ׻زΪβ˼еĻǰķҲˡ
ԿĿⶰӣɤӼ˵һǰˣһݣӦסһ꣬ʱҲˣ͸ðˡ
ְֵĲҪ٣ӵǮѾõòˣҵ˺ʵֲ٣ǡǶԷ̫ˣԷҪʮſټãûһɲõġ
˵ԿַһֵۣԴĬ
ַЩˣԿԼǮ
Ҫһ𣿡ַʵ
ǵģҪһ򡣡ԿĨһ۽ǵˮ˵ҪһҲҪǮģҡҿԸˡ
ԿĻַһˣʲôˣ֣
뵽ַҵĿЩ⶯ˡ
˵ַһڿˮ˵ķǳľܾȴôҲ˵ˡ
Ůջʵַ̫̫羭סջѾȻĶ
رǰĶԿȻƷŮʱַ־͸ӵıˡ
ַĶˣɵȴʹҪôڽżҵĽ
ַԥô
޳ĽԿӦڸǮͬʱ˳ԿΪˣ
ǲ̫֮Σ̫ˣ
Ҳ𣿡ַٳû˵Կò׹кȥʹԴɫ
û˵аַæ˵
߳Կַ糹¶˾ġ
ȥĵ壬ôõŮӲһܹ˭Ҳչ˺ҸЩ߰Ĺǣҹһȥ
ַȻͨˣŮվҪй޵ģԼǱˣƵ˵ĻԼչ٣һܺúܺá
αҲʵ
Ϊ˸õչ㣬ԣҾˣԿҪ㣡


019 Ӱ
˾ַ粻ٶ룬ֱӴ򿪱ʼǱԣͨУԿʵпǶ٣
ʲôԿһȻûع
пŰҰǮ㿨ϡ
ȵȡԿ޴Ǯ˷˷ŻŵĽпݸַ硣
ַӹпܿϣ¶ֿ
ˣǮѾ򵽿ˣĻٸ˵ַûдӦʲôֻԼʵжԼ⡣
һԿֻյţзĻ֪ͨʶոһһʮĻп
һʮ򣿡Կһղſ˵һ
ԿΪַǮˣ˵ô࣬һ㹻ˡ
㰡ַҡҡͷε˵ҽ˵һ϶֣Ҫֻһ϶õĽͰ͵ģҶʮԤҲӳ㣬϶ùࡣ
ȻְˣʮʮѾ޹ؽҪˣҪľͺá
ַĿԿмԿҧҧ촽˵лл㣬һʡŻģʣµǮٻ㡣
ַ緭˷ۣû˵㻹ҪʡŻҶʮǰ׸ˣ
ǡ
ַӻִԿĻԿ˵Լո˵Ļ𣿴ҵˣҵĻҸǮȫʲôʡǮʡǮģ׬Ǯ˵飬ŮֻҪǮͿˡ
ʡǮĵطҪʡŻģ׬ǮסԿҡҡͷַĵȻôͬ
ô˵Ĳҵ˲ַһת˵
ԿƮһĨɬִٲɳϣϸ˵ҡˡ
ϾͺãȻҵˣôӦҵĻҽ㲻ҪʡŻӦòҪʡŻ㻹ʲô𡣡ַ΢Цʵ
ԿĹһ䣬ַֻȴĪһ
ˣǮѾˣȥҽԺҽҩѸˣҡˡַ罫ʼǱЩĵ
Ҫˣ첻𣿡ԿһΪַ缱ҴҵİǮˣΪڽ͵õԼأû뵽ַȻ˵Ҫˡ
УҾͲˡַӶʱصɳϡ
ԿһڵҪôɵ˵ֻ
Ȼ֪ôһҪģǽ̫͡˰ɣû׼
Կģַ簵һЦߵɳ
Կҧҧ촽һַߡ
ʱļѾڰһˣͨ·ĦַĸоԿϸ⡣
Ӱɡַ簴궯輸ϵıʼǱ´򿪣ڲַѡһĶƬ
쫷ӪȣⲿӰ𣿡
ûԿҡҡͷ
ǾͿɡ
ӰʼţַסԿϸһ߿ŵӰһ߰Ů⣬һֳܡ
ԿӽһϵĹָ˦ֻ뵽Լпһʮ뵽ҽԺȴεĸףﰵ̾һַֻʩΪ
ӰŵһعȱŮĹ£ǰƽηǳʣŵʱԿץסֱַۣ﷢͵͵ľ
ⲿӰ
ǰرϰ־ŮһΣر𾫲ʣ˵ΪʲôĵӰĵôÿأԿʵ
Ǹܸӵ⣬һشַЦ
һӰ֮ʱ࣬ԭеôһĤҲѾȻȥı仯Ҳַ粥ŵӰĿġ
֮ദˣǴӿܵϰߣϰߵȻ
ֲƬɣϲֲ̫ƬˣĵĿֲƬȷǳֲַЦе˵
һ˵ǿֲƬԿϵĺëæҡҡͷ
ٺ٣ɣӳַϲԿµģЦĵ㲥һֲ̫Ƭ
ӳһӰһֻǿⲿӰˣᱻֻϣղúǲǳֲĵӰ
ÿֲľͷԿ¼ˣı۾סֱַַۣԸоõߵԿɪɪ
ַЩǵӰѣ³ɡ
Ӱһ룬ԿѾµĲˣַҲΪˣæ˲ϲƬ¹ⱦУԿΪЦ
һϲƬ꣬ʱѾ11㣬ԿѾ˹ǷЩ˯ˡ
ٿһӰǾ˯ɡ
šԿͷֻǵعζȴЩˡ
ַûʹòϴһվȻ˵Ӱ
ԿĻϿȥһȻ½˿첥
ⲿɣоĻһǿ첥ġַѡ˵Ӱʼš
㡭㿴ɫӰ
ôˣûַȻ˵
ûûԿµ˵
ԿѧʱмŮﲥŹ̨ɫӰԿʱ͵͵ĿƬΡ
㿴ʼˡ
Ӱһ˽ҽԺһλŮҽרΪвǽѣŮҽ־Ĳ۷硣
ֱܼףĻԺ׵Ŀݡ
˿ֵӰԿɫ죬ԿԵӰݣҲЩ棬ټַıסϸֻܺŵӰ
ǡڡˣԿһӰŮҽСͣô̵ôĶģ
˵ǸʲôóԵôԵôζԿﰵֹ
УŮҽĶʤӰľҲĽ߳


020 ƵԿ
ʼǱϵĵӰ鿪ʼ߳ƵвѾŮҽֿڲãŮҽƵ˴ϣȥŮҽΪŮҽ
ÿţԿĿɿڴδŮ֮䣬Ȼ̶ֳȣ
в˵ͷѾŮҽŮҽ򷢳
ԿԼϽĴ
ַһδŮӿСӰһôƯŮӣһǳŵԼ˵ŮӣַͲӦˡ
ʱַסԿֱֻȻԿľУԿԼĻԼϡ
Կ΢΢Ŀһ£ͷ˵ֿһģȻҪǾ͸ɡ
ַͷԿ䣬һķһɵ㣬һֺܺŵζ
ַ˫ҲûţԿ֫ȥδԿ̽Ӳ
ַ粢żһ߿ǰСӰһ߻Կ
ԿŤӣ˵ء
Կ˵˲䣬ַѾһСϡ
Կȫûⷽľɴ۾ַ綼ǵľˡ
ַͷ˳ƶ룬Ѿ̽ĿУҵСɵ࣬Сһ
˵ⶼһ൱ĸоַԵĽζϵſеС࣬ԿѾʼˡ
ǵͬʱַ˫ҲһһĽԿȥȻ󱳺һɣһֻۺɫֱ㱻ȡ
ûַֻǰζַ˫ϸ߷壬ֻץУİ
ԿЩˣƿַ磬ֻǱַ籧סͲܻ
ַ籧סԿĴۣĶ˳Ŷǵ˲ӣһ·£ǵŷۺĲݮ
ţۺɫģϲɫ
ԿƲסķ͵͵ָоǳ˵ǲϲֻǡҲûᡣ
Կַѹʱַ緢Կ˫ȼѾʪһƬƬۺɫľм䣬ƺһ˿˿ӨҺڻ
Ȼǰ׻ַĺԿ֮ȻֻһϸϸëȻǴ˵еȻ׻
ַȥǲϸϸë൱ָ൱֮á
Կ﷢˵͵͵ַĸѾٿܡ
ַȼһһȻͷƬʪ֮С
Ҫ࡭ءԿѾַֹˣַĶ£·һɵַԿӷһǰδеøоȫ
Կˣԭ飬ô
ַ粢û̫ãֻǳֹͣԿԺʱַ罫Լ·Ҳȫ
ַԿſԼϣڵλãʽ
ַ籧סԿĴȣŸոյĶԿһ㵹ԿǰַǸĳǹ
ԿЩַ˼ҪѧӰϵľͷ
ַ绹ڼŸղŵĶһɹɵԿӣԿӷʶҲЩԺԴһţһɵȳζȻַûϴԭ
ϲζ뵽ַ޷ˣԿ̾һַ綼ûˣô˼ַ磿
ţԿҲĵԴ
ַ糤ĳһоԼСֵܱһסĸоҲû
ǰϷ㣬ַоʱˣԿѹ£ַסԿͱһĤ֮Ľڡ

ڶϣַЦ˯ѵġ
ľͺһʵ̫̫ˣַЩ۾ԼһֻһΡ
۾ַİĴϣİķ䣬ѾһˣƿӣԿһѾɺԵѪ
治ΣһλòŮŮˡ
ַһڳ죬Կڳ
ȻƬ̺ԿƿţַˣһЦʵҪҪһ룿
УϴַӦϴһȵַԿѾڿķϰں㡣
Կļ棬ͨζȴַʱѾǳˣԵĺ
ôóΪǮ˲ֶģԿʵ
ַЦ˭˵ҲģΪЩԲи
ѵ𣿡Կһķ
ַҲЦе˵ǲΪǸҵǮǴӼģ
Կı飬Ȼͬһ㡣
ַЦе˵˼ʧˣһ治ǸϼũģĸҲͨգĸ濪˼ҷװΪҵǮǿԼıġ
ǰңӵڵһС


021 һ
ǰңӵڵһС
ûƭˣԿŵľһһֱΪַǸΪǮǼģǿַָģڡ
ԿܹӵôһʲƸַ϶ǸбµˣַЩĿ࿴ĸоӡּ֡
ԿҲЩ棬ַӦòģôô׬ôǮأ˵ַкüǧ
ȻֻǺѣȴûʳڵġ
ַԶԵĺܿ죬ļھͰһˣԿͲһˣһСһСڵĳַʱԿﻹһ롣
ղ³𣿡ַ緢촽ʵ
š
иܲʣ
ţʰɡ
ô뵽ҵģҪûңұ𣿻߻ʲôķõһ𣿡⣬ַѾһˡ
ԿĬԥ˵ҲʶǮˣûĻҽͻȥֻϰˡ
ֻϰࣿʲô˼ַüͷ
Ѿ˵ˣҲûıҪԿƽ˵ܽǮѾˣڰְֵĲּǮãҵʱ룬˭ҪܸһҾ͸ˡ
˵ԿɬЦ֪ͦƯģҲûĶˣֻԼֵǮģ룬ֻҪˣӦܹǮġ
Կ۾ѾЩ죬˵Լˣһ򣬵ֲʶʲôǮˣѸͣЩ˳۶̫ˣҲֻϳʮʮǶ˵ûá
иֻԱĽø˽ܣȥֻϰ࣬ҲӦȸһĹʣұǹ꣬ʲôֻˡ
ȸһĹʣʲôôõĴ
òˣַýֺͷҲĳһʲôĹ
ҺˡַؿڣҲµĸо
ǰҺˡԿЦЦͬĵ˵ͷҺַ˰ĻҪһȺˣһȺŪ֪ھ֮Ƿлȥ
ˣԺҡַץԿС֣ĵ¶ȴ˹ȥ
ţ֪ԿЦЦԼѾЩַˣ١ɡ
˳Ժ緹Կȥ·ŵʱԿߵĺܻҲŤʱʱĻüͷ
ַ簵һЦһԺȻ𣬲ַ绹סԿϸ·
·ôҪҪұ㣿
áԿɫЩ΢΢졣
һСε·̣ʮӲꡣ
Сſڣַһ⳵ֱȥҽԺ
ϣԿΪĵ˵治ԼͿˡ
˵ѾΪַŮˣҽ󻹻ΪˣǾôֱӴַȥĸܾ̫ˣ̫Ϊˡ
ΪҾǵΪȥҽԺַûҡҡͷ˵ûпǮҪô͸ĸͣвƱѽģǸɴ˵Ǯ
һʮľ޿ôý͵ġ
⡭Կû뵽һ㣬ֻֻҪǮˣͿԾȰְֵˡ
ַЦЦ˵ҪûһʵɣĸĸĵʹǮְ֪ԼǿŮȹģ᲻޵ݣŻ˻ܡ
Կסˣַôһ˵Ҳ뵽غ
Կ뵽һ飬ҪֻǮȥֵطϰ࣬һĸ֪ԼһУĸֻεĻᱻɣ
һ뵽ֽԿĶͷ϶ʱð亹
㣬治šַЦҡҡͷӿڴóֽΪԿȥ亹
֪˰ɣߺߡַһ˵ҲŻѽǮŮѶȹѹأɺְܳɣһҲʲôëҲʲôԷ
ѣлл㡣ԿҲеԵɣַǰм
Ҳû˵ѵҲ𣿡ַЦ˵
Կҧҧ촽ȴ֪νӻˣ𣿲֪˵ĹϵӦζλ
ַҲԿôģסϸİ
ǰŵ˾һĽﻹ̾һ䡰ʻţϡ
ַòֻеȣֻһ壬㲻øߴͣԿòƯͺŮ֮ţɣ˵ʻţһҲû˵
˵䣬⳵ҽԺſڣַ縶˳ѣԿСҽԺȥ
ԿַĹַ֣İԵ£ֻ֮֮ˡ
ȥ˽ɷѴַԿ˲ڽɷѴֱӻʮȥԿ׵Ѿ˽ˣٵǮ˽µĽףｻġ
Կһ㶣ַ粻ѾһʮôǮæҡҡͷ˵ĲˣǮ
õô߰߰ɣϽ۰ȥַЦҡҡͷҲԿķԣˡ
Կĸס֢¥㵽˲ſڡ
Ȼ֢ΪǴȾס˲ˣλסͬһ䲡ʡ²ٵסá
ʱ򣬲ŲС˵λˣټͬļˣȻ̫ġ
Կϰ̫ܵĶַȴЩˣ§ԿСʩʩȻ˽


022 ծ
ΪŮԿߵﶼܵעĿ꣬һ߽ܵȫ˶ʱ˹
λǣԿĸ׶ŷ¾ȣ˹ʵ
ǴҲûŮ˵Լѵģ
Կûĸ׵ߣ͵裬ַ硣
̺ãáַòʺá
Կĸ׻ǺܺϵģԿ߰˷ʱӦҲλˣԿĸӦþڲϵ˧ˣַûϴˡ
ԭԿĸĸĺܺãѹֿԿŮˡ
áĸǿЦЦתͷȥЩֵĿŮһ
ַ֪Կĸĸ϶ʲô뷨ģ͵ʵҺͿѾʶܾˣǶѣʼҲһʱˣǿһȴĺÿ࣬һҲ﷢飬Ļ͹ˣ尢̣ҲҪ
λ˵ĪģԿĸĸһ룬һȴû
㶼ôˣôϵŵȻˣ㡭ǲҪ谡Կĸδ˵ߵһλ긾Ůȴڵĺ
λǣַüüͷԿʵ
ùãġԿƺЩλùã£ֻķһ䡣
˶ˣ㻹ôùûзŹ˼һſĭɵĽҲϴСˣôһҲʲô˶Ǹʲô֪ƨ
ԿһƺЩùãĸۿ˺죬Ů֣ȻҲǲҷ
ַ翴ȥˣǰһ֮䣬Լҹù΢Цᶨ˵ùãǼҵļ£ƺòܰɣ
˭ùãĸУùַһۣתͷŲϵԸȥû˵磬ҲùܹŮˣʲô˶ԼҶġ
С˵ġԸɫѾǳѿˣԼҲûֻܵ˵
ַüͷּᶨƵĺᵽԸĲǰĶԹù˵ùãǼҵļֲܣһչ˺ÿġ
ëԼҵ飬ʲôʱֵˣĸаʲôԼҵ飿ζַһ֣ķŭѾצ
ʲôݣԼҵδŮݹַȻ˵
ԼҵδŮЦùмһ˵˵Լʲô㾿֪֪ߺߣˣҷȰһ䣬ԼǸӣòҪ
ַûжǣն˵ҵŮˣԼҵŮԼҵ¾ҵ£һᴦԼҵģùùġ
һԵԿôһû뵽ַȻôǿһ棬ʱַԵøĸߴΰͺһһ㽫ԿƬգ֧
Ǵһַ֮ġ
㡭㡭ùַѹȣһҲ˵
ַǰɣǺԼҵ鲻ܣǺ˵ǷǵʮǮˡλӲмЦһ˵
ǮߺߣܻͻˣõŵȵڣϹ˵Ҳǻع
һЦҲȥַ磬תͷĸ˵ɩ粡ΣǼóʮǮ˴ɣȻǼҲˣôʮǮӦûأ
Ǵߴߴ磬һӴԼҵϣԼڵõóʮǮծ
СǼҵĸɫһ䣬̵
̣һҡַǰһһεĺᵽ֮䣬Ҵĸİ
һ㣿ôĿԼҵծмһ˵ɨַһۣģʮ޿õĳ
һңԼҵծȻҲַȻĺһۣ˵Ҳзִ磬㵱ǾǮмҲԿʮծһʮ򡣡˵ַ֮ͷҲصľ˳ȥ
ôһ֮ЦһΪ˶ţƵأû뵽ֻᴵţſڣʮծʮ򣿻㵹ǻ
ĸҲǿĿɿڴոջڿˣôת֮ܵˣ
Ψһ򶨵ֻԿΪԿַ֪ǸǮˣ˵ʮ򣬾;Բˡ
ùڴЦֹĭԼҵĲǡ
ͻȻһ죬һֽҵĽ£ֽᣬͻȻҵһһһֻĸһˤ˵ϡ
ַȻֻˣĿϵ˵ǮˣԺҸɣҲҪŸɾһ㣬ҹȥ
ַ͵ڵһţһŸպߵǸֽϣžһֽߵɢ俪ǸֽɢʮĿͷ


023 ĸ
öǮ
һʮ壬ʮòʮɣ
˵ʮͻʮ˲ð
ͬ͹עԼҵһַ߿ֽɢʮʺͷʱͷӶ
ʺͷù۾һʱݵֽ
һʮ壬ʮòǼٵİɣŵķʵ
ַһЦ̵ôãǼٻ
ַȡʮŵ˴ռԱʱ֮裬û뵽ȡǮó
ַովȥ䣬佫ʮȡ˳Ȼñֽô˳ַֻһزͿڷ쭣̲סֽҵĽ¡
ǮαҲֱܷģһ۾Ϳóʮ
˼ȴǰСӿŲۣʮ˵þˣҵ׵жٰѵǰ̣ţǸǮˡ
뵽ʱЦѽַ磬Ҳǵģһˣ͹ùÿʲôأʲôǮǮģùֲ˵ǲʮͷȴı˻һֵ˼ûС
ַȴûиʲôɫ˵ùãߺã͡
˵ַ֮ҲˣЦеĶԸĸ졣
ôһ֣Ըĸַӡ󼫺ãĨ˰۽ǵˮм˵ַ磬Ʒˡ
̣һ˾ͲҪ˵һˡַЦ˵
Զԣһ˲˵һνĸ￴ŮԽԽϲĸַĿʹһӵϲ
ʱлʿ˽ʿŲɨһۣ˵38λļصȲѾ׼ˣǿǲھͰȥ
صȲҲһ˵ĶʵյҪȶ˲öˣǼǮҲ󣬶һҪǰԤԼ
ַղһʿ˸ȱصȲ̾Ϳһˡ
ĸڴȴһ֪ƵĵûҪصȲ
صȲһҪأ˲һֻҪʮһסˣαػǸԩǮ
̣ضԤģǮѾˣƷҲˣһңͲҪˡ
ַЦ˵Իʿ˵鷳ˣھͰȥ
Ǻãʰһ£ȥΡ
ϣҪȥصȲˣһ˵Ĳסſ̹
̹̹ˣɼǮҲ̫ˣһҪأɲһ˼ܹסġ
ԣӿ˸ŮŮҵģ̫Т˳ˡ
УСĸЦŵͷԸҲǶЦݡ
Ƭ̺ˣԸǲһЩȴûģַķ£Ըϡ
صȲڸߵ¥㣬Ҫ¥¥ϣȻһĲ
ŵ徲Ұһأͳ˶Сأܵ˵Ӱ졣
ַ翴˿ضĻǱȽģסɱ¥µĶ˲Ҳڲ˵ָ
⡭̫ƷˡŶˬĿĸҲ¶ϲֻ̫ˣһҪأЩˡ
ûµģǮ׬أסָ
ǣַܵ׼ŮĸԽԽϲˡ
ԿĹùùø֪ʲôʱѾߵˣûиҲãҲʡ鷳
ַȥƷĸŮߵһԣ
ʵ˵ַ絽ʲôˣѣĸԼŮǷǳ˽ģŮƽʱͲʲôƭƭ˻Уȴ֪ŮͲһס
裬ѡ
ѣƽʱôû˵ĸɵʵ
ȷĹϵԿµ˵
ȷĹϵĸǹˣһŮģ֪ЩԾŮĻ̾Ϸʲôˡ
㡭ǲΪš
裬뵽ȥˡԿ˶ţͷȥ˵ҲˣַҺܺãҵĸ֡
ͺãͺáĸѾˮҪҪԼãԼŮԼð
ĸŮֹʲôأô޿ˡԸȴûеɵ㣬ĸŮǿʱ
û£ΪŮˣŮҪˡĸĨȥˮ˵˵
⻰˵ģŮôƯûҪô׼Ůɣҿͦġ˵ԸҲЦ
⣬⡣ĸȴЩǳģԸŮܹҸɡ
һ˵˼лԸЩˣڲϳ˯˹ȥ
ĸɨɷһۣŮʲôģĸͬǵ𣿡
ǰҵģ︸ĸҲͨˣ軹֪ǵءԿ͵
ңҲáĸַǸŮһܵ۸ȻַҲͨ˼ҳĸҲͷࡣ
ҾĿĸĲԱ


024 
ԿпﻹһʮԪ㹻ʣµ֮ãַûд̫ãԼҸĸһټ򵥵緹ַȥˡ
ַȥһ4s꣬һʽ΢ӸѣһǮ
ַļϴѧʱѾˣ³ֱӾͿ·ַļ̫ãʱСıȽϻ
ôһ΢ԺҪ䣬ͻ᷽ࡣ
ַ翪΢ԶԶľͿ鱦ſɽ˺ſھ޴ĺдĿļ֣ȻҰ¡ؽפ꣬ڼ۳ۡ
Ȼ鱦Ѿʼַǵɫˡ
鱦϶˴ģſɽ˺󲿷˶ǳһȻݶġ
ַʱ򣬵ķԱæתСַ磬ҲֻܴҴҵĴкдȥˡ
ٴοСַﰵһЦСҲ벻ɣһҹ˵ĹϵѾһˣĳ˵ַСı÷ˡ
СԿʵ֪ҲԿûе¿ˮϰߣСҲֻ֪ÿﻷãȴǲ֪Ѿ䵽Ҫľصġ
ĻҲῴ鲻ãˡ
ɻ˵ˣҪСſַ֣磬ô˿Ҫһˡ
ַϰ壬ʲô㴵ˡҲַˣЦźͶĿ˵Եȣ͹ַ˸к
Ǻǣϰ¡ַЦе˵
ʲô¡ɽ˺ģǿ˶٣ɵûʵġƿַ磬ַĶߵ˵󲿷ֵ鶼صģСطȻȻͷҲʲô߼ֻۣа˵۰̨ߡ
ôһַͣʱҲЩˣ鱦Ȼƽ鱦ļ۸˶ģֻϲ鱦ǮˣŻ߼۹顣
ַ˴Ȼɫ飬Щ󲿷ֶڱۣͨƵϵذ۸۸ص鱦꣬Ӷ׬ȡһ
˵ַңôƾ͵ַˡ
ַҲβģֻܴܾܲܲǮ
۲תЦ˵ϰӦ²ɣ
Ǻǣе顣ַ˵ģҪһƽ𣬾Ͳ֪Ʒ㲻ˡ
ƽǻƽ𣿡ƺʵ
ǵǣʲôģǾˣˣҲҪַ˵
ǵУ̫ܲࡣһ㶼һģҲ̫ࡣ
ƴַȥ칫Ƭ̺ƷѾһֻ˽
ӣķźóĽ۵
һٸٸÿһٿˣҲˣڵĽÿʮÿʮһԪ
ƽʮܼʮ򣬰ǶʮܼǶʮһʮ򣬾ʮɡ
΢Ц˵ƽʹӻ۰ɣ
ƿɻǷַǧء
ǾͶлˡƵĴַǳ⣬Ů˺⣬൱ˬ졣
һƽַǴ½ȥģڹ½ƽͨҡ
ﴢĽѾˣ㻹ҪҪȥ𳧽жˡ˵
ַҡҡͷ˵ʱˣҪҪ´㡣
ˣ֮⣬㻹Ҫ𣿡
۾һ˵ҪȻҪˣ飬飬飬ĺ飬Щ㶼𣿡
ַЦЦȴ˸ģɵĴ𰸣һġ
һﰡԽԽˡƿЦһַЦһ䡣
һᣬַ뿪ˣԿַ֮緢ԼƵͷ࣬ڸȥԿһ
ģַ粦ͨԿĵ绰
ôˣԿ˵
ûʲôˣ㡣ַЦе˵
ڱϰأһ°ˣٸ绰ɣԿһһϰ࣬ʲߣǻϰΪ˺ܺãԿΪչ˸ĸٵˣϰԿҲ˵ʲôԿҲһֱһꡣ
УһٸҴ绰ַЦŹҵ˵绰ַûȫԿ˼СΧת
ַǵԿ˵Լϰĵطڵ˵յͼַ˹ȥ
һ뵽ԿͻȻֵԼһģַ㲻ԾЦ
ɰСѾͷ
ݵǣַܿҵǼһ꣬ԶԶĻڻæµԿ
ַЦЦغóţ͵͵ĳŻȥ
Ҫʲô𣿡ַ߽ϰʵ
ϧˣ͵ϮĿ겻ˣַϰЦЦָָæµԿ˵ŮѵģллϰһŮѵչˡ
Ůѣϰţͨͨģ׷
˧СﶼܾˣҲ˼˵Լǿѣ
ַˣϰɶ񰡡


025 
Ҳ˧ҺᣬϰҰϰע£ַˡ
Ȼַ˵Щɣϰﻹǳŵе㡣
˭õ廨ɻ˳
ַ磿ôˡıֵֹģеϲеš
ַЦ˵·ˣڿ𡣡
аһϰ࣬ҪءԿæҡҡͷ
ֱַӿϰʵϰ㿴ܲǰÿ°ࣿ
ѣϰﲻţ̲סſһ䡣
šԿַһۣϸһ
ѰϰﲻŵŶһСʲôرİôϲͨ˵ģ֪ϲͨˣͰѵܸܵܽ˰
뵽ϰĵĺˣԭʻţģ֪ˣӦðѵܸܵܽģܵҲǳͨû׼ϲܵء
ΪϰˣһʻյҲϰæġԿҡҡͷַܾ顣
ϰﵹͦ˵ģ˵ɿĻþ߰ɣʣµ飬һ˾Ϳˡ
ϰⲻðɣԿ˵
ϰЦЦ˵ûأֲæ˶档
ַһҲЦϰ˵ллϰˡ
ַߵԿߣЩֵС˵˲ǻûôֲϰˣ㲻ϼ˰
Կһ죬Ȼַ֪˵ʲôˣɬĵ˵ѾûˣĹҪġ
ߺߣ֪ûˣַһߣԿɫøˡ
ɣҰ㡣
ãϢһɣЩϸģСİѻŪˡԿҡҡͷܾ
СַԱԼŮæµӰʵҲһĪܡ
ԿʻʱרעҲϸַһʵϲŪʺ죿
ǰҴСϲʻҲϲڵݹԿ˵
ŶַͷѾԼ⣬ֻʱǲԿ˵ģţ͵Ǹһϲɡ
СʱʻϣԿƣԴƣվ
˰ɣҸַֽԿͷϸĲȥ
ԼɡԿɬĽֽ˹ַᣬ̫Ӧ
ѾˣǾȥɡϰͨ˵
лл㣬Ҿˡ
ȥɣֲæءϰӻ֣˵
ллˡַ˸к§ſϸ뿪˻ꡣ
֪ϲͨˣҾͰѵܸܵܽˣڣˡԶȥˣ̲ס̾һ
ͦϲԿģԿ̫Ưˣһ˿زסôҲԿܸܵܣֻҵʹͷڵİ̾ҲֻǷпѣҪԿܸܵܣҪ˯žˡ
ϳַ򿪳ţȥ
ĳģԿЩɻַ粻ǺǮôС
ģ䡣ַ򵥵˵һ£غóţ
ַʵҴ򶰷ӣϲﻷã
Կ룬˵ҪǲƽϼǮĻӦǾСɣСضκܺãģΧ׽Ҳȫ°Ӧöܷ㣬Ǿŷ̫ˣһƽҪࡣ
ȻźãǾȥſַ˵ǮѾ޹ؽҪˣֻҪסĿľͺá
˵˾¥ᣬַܿͿһĴ׼䣬׷Ѿװϣס145ƽװޣһİʮԪ
¥СĴ·£ַ˿˷䣬װ޵൱ѾװϣֻҪµĴ̾Ϳסˡ
ӻĻʲôʱס
¥С۾һ˵ڹĻֻҪϾͿסˡ
ôˣԷ𣿡ַֽ𲻹ˣʱֻѡڸ
Էڸģ׸ֻҪ֧ٷ֮ʮµĿ԰Ҹ
Уȥһ°ɡ
ȫİʮַ֧׸ʮ֮ⶰ׷ˡ
ַǩԼĴֽͬŵԿǰ˵ҲǩϣǵĵһݹͬƲ
ҵ֣ԿЩȣ޶˶˵ģôҪԼҲǩ֣
㵱ȻҪǩˣŮˣԺⶰӾ֧ˡַԿСЦ˵
ҲãеطסԿæҡҡͷ
㻹еطסҵķˣѵ˯𣿻аԼ֮⣬㸸ĸأסһ˯ַ֣û˵
㡭˵ⶰǸҺҸĸסģԿɰ۾ŵ˵
ǵȻȻĻΪʲôҪҵʱ侭סﰡ
ˣˣôˣϽǩϣǻҪȥöණأŪãǽͿȥסԼķˡ


026 Ϊʳ
Կû뵽ַΪԼӣںͬǩ֣ۿȴЩˣһȴǸжġ
֮ĹͬƲԿҲⶰӵŮˡ
ˣͿԹøĸҲסˣϾⷿҲзݡַ絯˵ͬ΢Ц˵
лл㡣ԿĨȥ۽ǵΣַ¶һֿЦ
лʲô˼лҺˡַ縩˹ȥԿĶߵ˵
áԿ͵͵ĻһѾˡ
Ů˲Ǽ׵ʱûˣҪ˵ַ֣ȻԿôһ𶼴ƣԿûк֮ǣǵԼСŮˡ
æµһ磬˰ҵ񣬽Ϳֱס·ˡ
ʱȥԿĸĸԿĸĸӵ飬ĸҲһİʮķӾ͸Ůˣ
ַ翴Ųۣ湻Ǯ湻󷽵ģҶŮõû˵ĸһǣҲڻˡ
Ůҹ޲Ҫķ棬ҲˣֻҪŮĿľͺá
ȵԸ˯ºĸҲȥķӣ·װ޵ļãĸ۾ɴˣԼһԺסˣ׷ǳ⡣
ĸҲûڴ˶ͣͶŮһᣬҽԺȥˡ
ղŰ̺˵ʲôˣôġַʵ
עСԿЩɬ˵
ַһЦסԿСĶǣ˵Ļ͸һɣ𡣡
Կɫˡ
ַϲԿӣ̲סˣһȥԿľУԿҡ
һֵǧﻹʱ˷Ѱ

ڵ̫ԿˣַԿĴΪ׼㡣
Կıַ֣Ƿǳ⣬ɬ֮дַҪʲôҲַ磬ַʵһ񫡣
ϣˣҲһˡ
ԿԹһٷʢַͣԿ´Ƭ̣뿪
Ȼ֮Ϊ˽ҲΪ˱ڵַܶΪԼͼ˴õ
ԼĿǷ㣬ַȥһֱ꣬һĴס
Сʱַ翪ſصլ
صլĵһ飬ַ̲鿴˼
ݼʵ췢һξ
ڵļ豸൱ܻģȸӦʱ򣬼ͷԶ׷ټ¼ַͨϵͳ־׵Ĳ鿴ʱĻ档
СӣػϣԻͷԷ˺Ժŵʱ򣬱ĽԻһˡ
ǼΨһһηı
ȥǰ취ŻһΣǾ϶Ͳˣʱ鷳ˡ
ʵԺ͹̻󶨣ڱͬʱԶ򱨾绰ַȴǼ˵ģһ˼»ӵ鷳ûпܡ
ַĬԴ󻢣Ӧô죿
ַû뵽ǣԴע⵽ַĶˣַڼҲ鿴صʱԴٴηԺǽ˽
ľУԴͶں˽
ԴҲģôվ˺Ժϣַ֪Ѿˣַ϶Լġ
Ȼַ罫رգõ˳
Դ󻢣㲻˵˲ҵ𣿡ַҧݣŭ˵
ֵܣɲô˵ģ㿴ⶼôˣˣٿҰɣֺУǸԵͬķϣܸһѰɣԴЦ˵
һѣ㻹ôһѣѾǮˡַɫͨ죬Ѿ˱ıԵ
ֵܣģҲͨˣԵ޹ʵǮܲô£ɣҰ°ɣҶͬ磬֪֪׵ģҲ˭㰡
ַŭЦңô˵㻹Ǻˣ
ǵȻȻǺˣģʲôϸɵģɱ˷ŻҲûⰡ˵ɱ˷ŻԴ󻢵ԳһĨɫ
Դ󻢣㲻Ҫ̫ͬķϣѾλˡַŭ
ԴҲŭˣˢһӺγһλεذף˵ַ磬ǮˣɲֵܲһѣҪǲùҲ̹
ַ翴˿ذףֿ˿ԴӣַͻȻ̾Ϣһ˵󻢸磬㻹ǵСʱ㾭ҳȥʱȥץܵģΪʲô֮ȫء
˵ͬ壬Դֱַ˺ü꣬СʱַҲԴˣһϣȻԴǸַ绹ǸĹĻᣬǺȻɽ׸ıƣԴûˡ
˵ƨ͸һ׼ŰɣһɡԴ˵еذҲ̧
ַ̾һҡҡͷʲôҲû˵
Դ󻢵۾ʱͺһֻŭĶһ㣬ַ˹ȥ


027 Ϊ
ַ̾һҡҡͷʲôҲû˵
Դ󻢵۾ʱͺһֻŭĶһ㣬ַ˹ȥ
˼ľٽӽԴһеذ׾ͳַؿ
ʱԴȻһ㶣еذ׾Ȼ˸ԿգǰַͻȻʧˡ
˲ƶ£ַԴ󻢵󣬽еĸѹԴ󻢵ĺȥ
͡һ죬һǿĵӺѸٵȫԴҽУͱĻĵ
ѹַģڹȻó
ַһֽѹ˴ռ䡣
صԴ󻢻ڲϵĶ壬˰ۣǴ˰ɫĭѹ絽ζȻôܵġ
ַ̾һƤݣԴ˽ȥ
Ƭ̺Դ󻢱ַͨռ˹½
ַôԴһһɽ£ɽ£ַóԴ󻢵ǰذףȴ
ҪɱҪɱ
ַȴøˡ
Դ󻢣Լҵ·±Ӻú˰ɡַץذף׼Դ󻢵࣬ݺݵĴȥ
ذ⣬Ѫ͵˳ַһͷһַһɿذףһƨ˵ϡ
ɱˡɱˡַ˫ֶͣ
ܴɱɱֻǵһɱ˵ַ磬Ȼôùġ
ַڵϴ˰죬ȵַӦԴ󻢿ȥԴ󻢵Բ۾ûˡ
ԴˣôϢ˻̵Ĺ½
ڷֿռһ̣ʵַɱ˵ľΪ˱ܣɱ˾ıؾ֮·
ԴǵһΪ˶ˣȴһΪ˶ˣַģ֪ԼѡԼµ·
о仰ַڵģ
ַȥһͺһǳӣԴ󻢶˽ȥܵԴ󻢵ϣŻʬ
ȵͣ£ʬ役ڣַòӽϣԴ󻢴ϵһкۼʹʧˡ
ַصլæϢȫɾֽ򿪣ӲҲӲջ٣һַŷһ֤ݶˡ
Դǵһ鷳еһԴ󻢣ôеڶԴ󻢣ַﾾ
ַﾯ裬̼ӿԼĶϵĴ׺ͻƽٵ½
һ˰һСʱַ۵ùǺ
ַ罫ƽŵĦгĺ棬Ħг˺Ҵ塣
ˣַʦַ絽ϰƨƨߵ˹
ϰУм˸Ұᶫȥַָӵ
ϰлϲַָܵĺ
Ƭ̺ϰоͽʮλ׳С
ϰϴ͹飬ַһλǽ׷ŵǸص㣬ϰȻĵͷһ׳С˴ȥˡ
ַȴһͷǲӦ֮һˮ·Ժᶫͷˡ
ţ뷨Կǡ
ַʦˡ峤ַк֮˵ҪķѾ޽ϣ޽ΧǽŶˣ⼸ɼ鶼õһǶʮ顣
ʮôࡣϴ鲻ʮǧĸ߼ۣȴ˶ʮ飬ֵһˡ
ϴ峤ϲ˵СǶĲɼ飬⼸ͶһЩ
ܺãҺ⡣ַ¶ɫ˵ڴˮѾ뵽˽취˹ߣϰѾȥ̧ˣ͹ͿԿʼھˡ
Ѿ˽취̫ˡϴ峤ϲ˵
ǺҴˮԴѾϵЩˣַ£û뵽ַĽ¼ϣô뵽˽취
ϲѵϴ峤Щסˣ˵ַʦʱˣȥΪ׼ɣ
ãԼ˴ף׿ҪǵʳóԶˡ
ںҴʳַǲҹάǺܲóԣΪǳԵĶԼֲ۵ʳڿζϸͲܺʹᲢۡ
ںҴǰԼɼķϣַһҲȫٳһıɡ
˴峤Ǻ˵ˣдǽ춼ˣҴ˴׹ȫԷ
ףʲôϴ峤ȷţû˵ʳ
ǺǣһʳóԶұǡַЦŽһ䡣
Ǻãȥ˵˵ǽ첻Ҫˡϴ峤ֺǺǵ뿪ˡ


028 Ŀ
˻ˣַԸϰڴ˴˴׷
ǶڼĴЩ棬ڴΧһȦǽ
ܿģ׷ˣ׷֮ɢһŨ㣬ǹúҴĴȫһ
㣬һŵ
㣬óԡϰϸϸľ׽İ׷һı顣
óԣóԡ
̫óˣôôóԵĶ
ƽʱǳԵԼֵʳʳӲȣͳԿ࣬Ͱ׷Ŀζ̫ˣǳԹ׷̱׷ζ۷ڳް׷ζ
ַԤϣûʲô̫ϡĵط
ַҲ֪ϵĺܶණ˵½ǿļλģ׷֮һ
ַԼĿǣ֪ĲԼߣڽ֮ǰǲῼִĿó׵ġ
ַĿУʵóǾƷĸ߶óףҪߵǾƷ·ߣһ
ͺһССһ飬ͿԻǧľ޿ֻʺȥðա
ĴףֻǸмǲɼ࣬ôǳʣҲһĵֶΰɡ
׷Ȼ˴ǵθڣڴǰ׷ַʦǸмѡ
˵棬ַ罫ɼЩСӽ˳ˣǲװµģڰµСӣصĽǡ
ַĽڴ֮˺䶯Ȼÿ׻
½Ļһ֣ͭ壬Һͽҡ
ͨƽֻʹͭ壬ҲǺʹõģ˺ʹңħƷ
еħƷֻýҹ򣬼˵ħƷҲ⡣
ҴĴ϶ʹõͭ壬Һʹá
ֻҼıһٱһһͭԻһңһһһҡ
ũһ벻ᳬʮöҵģһöҵǶʮˣһһٿˣԵֵöңѾһ롣
յҵСӶ˵ǮǾͿԸƼˡ
Χַ۹ⶼųǵͬʱðһ뷨һҪַʦɻ̫ˡ
ԸĻԼΪҲɼ飬ÿ¿֧һ͵ÿöҵĹˣĹʴȫﻹҪ
Ը⣬Ը⣬ǶԸΪʦɼ顣յСӣ׷׵ͷ
ַʦҪҪΪɼ𣿡Ѿдʼѯ
ȻԽԽá
ǼҵСҲǸɻһѺ֣ҲΪɼɡ
ǼҵСҲǲɼ֣Ҳɡ
ôҲܲɼ顣
ǺǣҲҪżû⣬û⣬ԺȥҴ峤ɣȥ峤ǵǼΪҸɻ֣Ҷ֧нꡣַЦ˵
һŲһǧǮһǧǮͷˣ湻˵İ
ǵӻԾͬϴ峤ȴԳһĨɫ˶촽һֹģ
ַһȵַҵϴ峤ʳԼɻ
ϴ峤ֹ̾һ˵ĿҸмֻҵĴǿı꣬ȥɼķأЩزԼģֲģǴܴ鷳
ŶһƬһλ˵ģַЩ״峤ĵˣҪıѣӾԻ൱ѡ
һƬɽڻ˹оء
Уоǹ͵ȵľλӦһλС壬ǹǹ壬СĹҲЩũܹǵġ
ַȻһλоҲƽ޹ʵ鷳
ַ룬˵Ҵׯڣ
ϴ峤Ҳı˵ǧҪˣǽ̰ᳬԤơ
⵹Ҳģǵ̰¸ӵ鷳ַ˼뵽һһݵ⣬ַ˵һƬȻ൱ƶģλоӦòҳ߼۽乺ĻӦû൱⡣
⡭ǺãƽûȨصģֻйܽصŶˣһλʦħʦ׼壬ҲӵйͬȵȨǿԹصġϴ峤ϲ˵
ʴȵַʦܹΪƬµˣܹΪµˣǺҴ˵һ൱˵顣
ֻйأַٴγĬֻԼ֪ɲǹ壬Ҳħʦ


029 
峤ַһµĴš
վԼģҪõķչȥͱΪʵӵߣȫƿش˵ء
ַԼ´˵һҪΪ壬ҪأΪʵʿߣΪˡ
ַĬĬļһһݴľ幥ԣ¯ˡ
Ҫ񣬵һǳΪʽħʦ
һԴ󲿷ǿģǶַ˵ȴ൱ףΪַһλŴħʦļ䣬֪θħ
ַʱ⣬峤˵ҪȥһˣΪһȥũǿ׳𡣡
Ҫȥû⣬ϰоλʵѡȥԿǿ׳ӣڴϼСӾͿˣǶΪЧ͡
лл峤ˡַЦЦֿ˿ɫ˵̫ûɽھͿʼ򾮰ɣ
˵ھͿʼ𣿡峤ϲ⡣
ԵģϼСӸҰæġ
û⣬Եȣȥˡϴ峤Цѿ죬һ˳ȥͲСӹǻͦӲʵġ
豸ȫ£Ĺ˳չ
ôƵҵˮԴȻò꾮¶ۣȷͨˮ֮󣬲ˮܣװֶʽˮͷֻҪҡܸˣȻˮˮͷˡ
쿴ˮˣˮˣ
ҡһҡͳˮˣ̫ˡ
Ĵ򾮷ʽͳˮʽǶֵĺ档
һˮɣˮҲͺôˡ
ַʹôƵڴҺʮھĵطôھѾѧᣬֻҪھͿˡ
Ƕھǳ飬ҹڣַԼ˯һڶѾںʮˮˡ
ˮ飬Ѿַ絣ģҲȥһ¡

Ҵһٶ֮⣬һжСǣСҲΧٵڡ
һ֮ڵڶ磬һ˶Сǡ
Сǵſ֣ǴźصףϵսŴ۵⣬һֱ뺷ƴɢǾ֮ʦ
½һ磬ҳս·Ϊһһ׵飬ſڵЩԶһʮʿַߵЩ׳СＴʹһϣҲκһ˵Ķ֡
ЩѩսҲͬʱַ磬Σյ磬û㹻֮ǰС¡
ԭЦļʱҲǾηĿſڵϰе󣬰߽˶ǡ
ˣʲôõ˳ڣϰַߣЩĵ˵
òˣҪħƷӦȥءַ˵
ħƷ˵е̳ħƷġħƷϰпǴδӴģҲֻ˵е̳ħƷ
Уǹȥɡ
ַҲżŴֹ˹ȥ
ȻѾ˴µӡ󣬵ص֣ȴͷһΡ
ַķҲǷǳġ
ǲֻ̫һС򣬵ǶȴΧĻＯɢأڽֵϣʱĿԿװȥȥ
ַ绹״սʿڴ߶ЩսʿӦþǴ˵еĹӶˣǰĳͺһ㣬ַ翴ӦӲϾһַǳĸо
ڹֵͬʱַҲڲϵѰ̻һʵƷΪַ档
ܿߵˣֵĵ̲̫󣬵ǳ𱬣̶ӣﲻ
ַ粢żֹһȦֹƳħƷ̵ֻ߼Ҷѡ
ַһ룬еԵɣħƷ۸񰺹󣬲һ˿ѵģҲһ̵оӪģԳħƷ̵̫꣬ġ
Щ̵۵ħƷʵҲ̫ã϶һЩõߣħƣͼħԷĹâһħʹð֮ãһյħƵļ۸Һʮ֮䡣
һöҵʮңڵĽһ˻ƽʮԪһöʮ˵Ľңһҡ
˵ħۼҲöң൱Ǯˡ
ħƷļ۸֮ߣȻǳˡ
ħƾߵڹ֮һֱǷǳеģַѾˣҪܹһƹǲҲ߼ۣ
Ȼƣõصģ½ûз糧
ַ翴ó½֮Уŷǳ޴óֻ̻ҪַԼˡ
ԶĲ˵ַַһ̻ǵƽ
ڹ½һһһңһöضʮˣһضǧٿˣҵĻǧǮ
һöҵʮˣһңеĲ۸ߴһǧǮ
ַҪǰѵĻƽ˵½ٻɰ˻ȥһ飬ͿԷһ
ȻͶ˵óף۲̫ߣַҰ̫ȴǿϵˡ
Ҫһ


030 ڤ
ַת˼ħ̵꣬ûҴڵ۵Ʒ
ħĵƾߵƷź棬ħĲǵǵ˵Ϻȴ߼۵ģΪи۸õĵơ
߰ɣȥħʦЭᡣ
Щ̼ҳ۵ħƷ̫ͨˣֵùַѾˣĺöֻħʦЭгۡ
ħʦЭҲ֣תһιսǣͿˡ
ֻǺ͸ղŵҵֲͬħʦЭĽֵɾҪˣҲԳ֮Ϊ徲
ֵĽҲħʦЭᣬַ߽ħʦЭᣬ壬һλ߳ż˿һۣ˵λʲôҪЧ͵İɡ
ַ˵ģҪһЩħƷ
߳ұһָ˵ұߡ
ллַͷұȥ
ͨȣַ翴һħ̵꣬ħʦЭᾭӪڲ̵꣬ϡħƷ򵽡
ħ̵ҲһߣλߴɫĳۣڳĿеһƤ顣
ַ˵ĵλߣַ翴һۣĵͷվ
ΪҪЩʲô𡣡˵
ĳϱһöµĻƽѫ£ƽѫϿһûзſ顣
ö´һλħѧͽҲĵڡ
ħѧͽȻûħʦô󣬵κ˶СһħѧͽΪħѧͽĽӵ޿ܡ
ַ˵ͷǴк΢Ц˵ҪڤӦг۵ġ
ڤ𣿡Щˡ
ǵġַͷȷ
һֻڤҪһ춼ûءָƽ˵
治ˣڤļ۸Ƕ٣
һֻڤһλʦĽۼǶٶʮҡ˵
ǴʦĽٺòˣøҿһ°ɡ
õģԵȡ
ܿأһֻСľ˳ӣһֻú첼ŵɫͷ
ַϸĿֻɫͷֻɫͷֱʮңͷϵһȦɫƣݵļ䣬ַѾȷȷһֻڵڤ
ڤֽƶɵĳħװȻĳƷǶħʦԣڤȴҪװ֮һ
Ϊֻӵڤħʦܹʼڤ
ַķţȴٳûпʼΪȱһڤ
ַ۾ڤ˵¶̫ˣټ0.5ˣħƿ̴ΣһװλʦջҪ
ַĶȴǾһĺȻ죬˵̫ȷˣֻڤ˵ݾȻһģһ
ħʦЭ۵κһƷһʦ˵飬˵ǹڲԱۿģԱڸõĽۡ
ַֻڤͷۣǷڲ˵һģһַϹèӵĻôַѾǴʦˡ
Եȡһ̹
ߵԱߣһֻӳͬú첼һֻɫ
˵ֻô
ַ翴˹ȥ۵һֻˮϵħһˮϵ䡭
ַֻǿһۣ㽫ϵȱ㶼˵˳̬ȱøӵĹѾȷǰӣȷһ֪ʶԨʦ
öҪˣһҪһЩħװַ˵
Ը˵
šַȴ˼ʲôء
Ŀ¼Ҫһʲô
еġĽĿ¼˹
ַ緭Ŀ¼һһ
۵ħƷԷô࣬һħװһħᣬһħҩˮһħˡ
ħҲʹõĲϣħħˣħ޵Ƥëݣиħ
۵Ĳǳϡ٣ǳ۳Ʒ
Ʒħװ˵ħװҲҪһٽ۵ģħᣬ˵ħʮۣ˵ħҩˮ˵ħҩˮۡ
ڤǳħװۼȴߴٶʮңҵĻǶٶˣ⻹Ҫװѹ˵ħʦĹְҵһûǸħġ
ַ翴ħװҡҡͷڤ֮ѾûжĻƽħװˡ
ʣ»ƽֻҩˮ


031 ʨȮ
ַĿͶ˾ҩˮĿ¼
˵ľǸϵĵͼᣬһȻᣬһ׶ᣬһˮᣬһȷᣬһᣬȵȣÿһžۼʮʮҲȣҪľӣȷ۸
۸ԹǹᣬһȻᣬһȷᣬһȱᣬһ׹ᣬһɳᣬȵȡÿһžۼʮʮңԽľᣬ۸Խ
ķǸᣬһᣬһᣬһȻᣬһᣬһ͸ᣬһᣬһݾᣬȵȡÿһžۼʮʮҡ
ϵľ϶ǰᣬԪħͬһϵģħʦʹðȴʹħʦӵʹðЩϵľ൱İ
һܺõħߣŵԼҲԽʹãͬϵķʦҲʹϵ
һ޻ϵħķʦ֮Ϳʹ÷ĳЩ£һžᣬһս
滹ħҩˮĽͣħҩˮΪ࣬һףҩˮһҩˮ
ףҩˮǴõЧʹҩˮҩˮǶҩҩƹ֮ꡣ
۵ףҩˮһֱ֣һǻҩˮһҩˮһҩˮһҩˮһȽⶾҩˮһսҩˮһħҩˮ
һǻҩˮһҩˮһҩˮÿһƿۼңһԵҩˮһƿӦÿһһֻܺƿٺȾûˡ
ҪøõЧֻܺȸ߼ҩˮǻҩˮҩˮҩˮ
һҩˮһȽⶾÿһƿҩˮۼ۰˽ңͨʹͶҩӵкܺõЧ
һսҩˮһħҩˮģÿһƿۼʮöҡ
ҩˮʱԵҩˮսҩˮڶʱڴȵʹߵʣʹӵвĽս
ħҩˮڶʱڿٻظħħʦ˵Ҳһ൱õҩˮ
۵ҩˮֱֻ֣һҩˮһȳ˯ҩˮһȿ־ҩˮ
ҩˮҩˮÿƿۼʮöҡ
һȽⶾҩˮҲԽҩˮЧ
ϣҵг۵Ʒˡ
̫СˣޣĺöȥģԶϵħƷҲûгۡ
ȻЩһħƷѾַˮˡ
ַ˵Щɶı
ÿһַ綼ҪĻƽ̫ˣܹߵƷǳޡ
ַ綢Ŀ¼˼ҪйҪƷ
ڤһֻٶʮҡ
һȷһʮңһȻһʮңһǻҩˮƿʮңһҩˮƿʮңһҩˮƿʮңһҩˮƿʮңһȽⶾҩˮƿʮҡ
˳Ʒ⣬ַ绹Щϣһħһңڻˮңɳһҡ
ƷֵٰܼʮңַЯһƽ൱ʮңʮңʮöǿϵġ
ַЯĻƽѾˣһȴԵòȻǮʱٰ
ӭٴι١Ľַ˳ȥŷԼСꡣ
һεĽףַ绹ͦģֻ´ʱ򣬾ҪЯĻƽˣĻôöȴĺ۰
ڽֱߵùݿ䷿䣬ַסһ䣬ʣµԼš
ϰеַķԸϢȥˣʱϰиַһϢ
ϰ˵гȻû˷飬ǵȷ̶ڸĴ飬ԶĸӦĳء
ַ˵һϢĿǰַľԴ飬ҵĻԴҲ͵ҵ˽ɽɽ
ʵϣ飬ַϲʯǺܿϧ½ıʯħʯÿһħʯۼ۶ǳ󣬽ħʯ˵ֻۣܵͨʯһҲͲֵǮˡ
ڰħʯֱӵħʯĿǰ˵ַȴûӵġ
ĿǰߵƷԴ򵥵Ʒ顣
ϰУû˸㣬ʵλţλ̵ţȥֵˣΪ°ɣһΪ̵ġַ΢Цջ
Ϊ£ҡϰѾϲԸӡ
ܺãҺ⡣ַЦ˵Ҫĵһ飬ҵЩĳأڵչĲɼЩĿǰĻѣںķã´ٴ
û⣬û⣬һԲ񡣡ϰ˷ܵĴ˴֣ŵ˵
ϰȻʲô˵˴ʦҪһ飬ҲüĿˡ
ڼڳ۱ʨ޵ȮѾȥ鿴ˣֻȮûгۣÿֻȮۼʮҡ
ʨҲ֮ΪʨȮһħޱԹҰʨӵӽΪӵһ˿ħѪͳԱͨҰޣʨȮҪӵĴҲӵ͡
ıʨȮӵкʨһַǳޡ


032 ڤ
ҲѹЩħ޵ĺֻʮҵļ۸ˣΪǵƷʣֵֻ۸
ַֻСһﻹǷǳģһԺӦһ൱顣
ֻ֮Сһַˡ
ַõĿȮӦǴֵħޣӽᣬֻڵַޣҲħޣǵĺңҲ㲻ˡ
²һΪһֽϰеѣһֱַһأȥÿ·ˡ
صҴѾһ֮
ԸҪԼַŹħƷԼķݡ
޽ĺι̣ҲܼªֻҾߣһľ崲һСԲ
ַ罫ƿҩˮİڷŵСԲϡ
һǾƿҩˮƿһǻҩˮƿһҩˮƿһҩˮ
ԵҩˮҩˮͿӦÿһÿҩˮֻܺƿٺȾЧˡ
ַȵĵһҩˮһǻҩˮ֮ԸоһıԼĳθ˳űļ׵˴ԣַԵĸоԱһıڴʧڻ
ʮӺ󣬴ĸоȫʧǻҩˮѾȫա
֮ǰͺ֮󣬲ûַ̫ԼҲоţҲϾͼһħҩˮܵҩ
ǻҩˮòǻۣǶԴԵһǿôӵиõļõķõķӦݵ˼ά
ַ翪ʼµڶƿǻҩˮȵڶƿϣ˵ƿǻҩˮ
ȵƿҩˮȫϣַЩһĸоˡ
ָо˵ַֻ緢ԼļԼССʱѾļ䣬ʱҲӦ˳
ˡַһĴȣôӵˡ
ӴռóһӵͷȻһŵķͷı뿴һ飬ȻͷƾżȻղſıֺı˳
Ŀַ糤죬۾Ҳ
ǲǿĿǰ˵ǼǿȴĿõġ
ôһͷַڿһ֮󣬽һıѾ൱ֲļˡ
ѹ˵ħʦһȺˣֶܲǲˡ
һǻҩˮЧַĪģַ翪ʼһҩˮһҩˮ
ƿҩˮ꣬ѾһСʱ֮ˣͬǻҩˮޣҩˮҩˮЧҪӵԡ
ַԼȭͷ˫ž죬ֱ¡һļ⡣
ӵĸо൱ַоԼǾ
ҩˮӵҩˮӵиõʣҩˮʹãܹӷõЧ
ƿҩˮһֵʮң൱ʮңۼ۲ƣЧҲ൱
ַҲĳһҩˮҪڵۣ϶Ǯ֮䶯е󽫻൱ɹַֻۣʱǲĶ
ϢƬַ̣óֻڤͷϡ
ҪΪħʦҪ
һӵħܹ֪ԪصĴڡ
ڶڤķţܹ֪Ԫڡ
Ҫħװڤֻڤĵ£ܰȫԪ
УһѵõģΪڹ½ϣӵħʵˣҲһҲħʦ֮Իϡٵԭ
Ϊ˵ַ磬ԼҲ֪ԼǷӵʣַޱˣ˹ŴħʦƬǿѾںϽڣڵַ磬Ѿӵ˸֪Ԫأħ
ķţַȴǲȱģҴӵļԻַ֪յţǹŴħʦ֮ǿķ֮һ
ַյţħʦй֮
ͷַ磬ʼռķţʼԼĵһ
ַûŵͨ˵֪Ԫغ͵Ԫһ൱ѵʱ򣬲õģΪڤͷɵԪظӦ
ģַоһĶˣоԼƯ΢СĹ㣬Щɫео䣬еоůеоء
ЩĹ㣬ǿռƯĸϵԪء
ģַߵһЩ㱻˹ģЩַڣڽںתУջΪһ˿ɫķַؿڡ


033 ѻ
һ˿ɣҲ˳ࡣ
ʦǵڤ϶ǴͬС죬Ԫأ
ԪصͬʱԪصӰ죬ӶԼľֻǿľܹԦǿħ
ǿħʦӵǿľҲΪԭ
صڤ뷨ţһּΪĸ߶ǧǰҲֻڼħʦС
ŽԪ
ʵϣΪӴԪصԵʣħʦҪǿΪֻǿǣܹʩչǿħ
Ȼħʦǿ壬ҲֻһԵ˵սʿȣħʦȻĴڡ
ΪԽǿԽܹʩչǿħŴħʦǿķö֮Ԫķ
˼壬ԪһԪⷨ
һศɵķǳţҪ߲ϵԪ壬ǿոԪأ˷Ϳǿǿ
ԪǿһɾͻӵһױȵЧͬʱҲһŻһעظûʮĿޣǱ뷢ġ
ǵᵱķţҲõķţַȻҲѡԪ
ڤԽ̿ԽãҲɳжȣÿСʱ㹻ˣ̫÷ö֮°ˣӶʧȥ˵ħ۷Ļᡣ
Ҳǵħʦµı顣
ֱߵֻʱСʱˣַϵͣ
Сʱһ˿ħûӶ٣һڶ̿飬ȴǼġ
ַһӴռóһһȷᡣ
ٴνõУַĸоֲһˣֿԼĴڵһ˿ɫҲڴ
Ȼֻħʦʹþᡣ
ַ֮ǰûħһȷһЧҲûУħٴͿʹˡ
ħᲢħʦķȴҪħʦķмΨ˲ʹþᡣ
ȻҲһЩͨҲʹõģǴħʦϵᣬƵľ᲻÷ֻҪ˺ͿԼϵħ
ȵƾǳİ󣬱ͨȾҪһϣͨۼ۶ߴǧңҲ൱ǧҡ
ڷʦܹͨʹõħƷϡҲۼġ
ַڵĸо൱ĺãȻħűһ˿˿ѾһֵʦĽˡ
ҲҪСһ˿ħʱһ˿ħ㹻ַ顣
ڣַҪһ˿ħĵһħƷˡ
ַĿ⳯ǽǿȥǽϰڷһֻľӣһֻɫĴ
һֻӼĴѻ
ַĵһħƷҪֻѻ϶ˡ
ַóԼõϣһŻƶһħˣڻˮˣɳһˣһֻѻͿѻˡ
һƫŵķѻԽһֻѻƳɿԹԼʹѻܡ
ַĿǰķңΨһܹƵĶ
ַӣסĴѻץ˳ڴѻĲ£ַ罫ڻˮɳ˴ѻϡ
ڻˮһһŨĺɫҺ壬˴ѻϣҲɳҲ˴ѻϡ
ַ罫ѻԼǰŴѻĬĬ
ڻˮˣ·ˮһڴѻϷ
ƺǸʹḶ́ѻҵ̫ˣ
ﵽ˹ؼʱˣַ͵ڵһ˿ħ˴ѻڡ
ѻϵĺڻˮɳڷһͬ˴ѻڡ
ַּۿ죬Ҳͬʱǿһħ˽ħ˰˴ѻĶͷϣһ㣬һ̻ƶһħ˾ں˴ѻĶͷϡ
ַƣĳһһƨľ崲ϣûгɹҲܲˡ
ϢƬַָ̣һЩִľ崲ʱֻѻѾֹͣǶҲ
ַѾоųɵİȷɹˣɿѴѻ˳
ѻվڵϣͺһֻ걾һһߵļҲûС
ַ罫עе˴ѻϣĬĬţǰǰߡ
ѻӶһ˫ǰ˹ȥ
ַ翪ĵЦѻԲɣ


034 
ѻеĿϵ͵ȵĿ
ѻĽѻ֮꣬Իȥѻ壬ֻе꣬ӶƳһֻӵѻǣѻ֮ѻҪʵ࣬ѻ֮ҪǿķҪȵַΪʽħʦ֮ſڵٶȣ»Ҫʱ䡣
ַĿ£ϵĴѻ˫һŵأڷ
ѻǲģʹĿƣǾͻľˣַķٶһЩķĻϣԹѻӾ
Ϊ;̫͵Եʣַֻѻʹãֻάĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ㹻ˣֻߣַ罫ᰲȫ࣬Ҳַ缱ֻѻԭ
ڶ죬ַص˵ĵҡ
ָֻź֮һδӵ绰ʱ˳Ǹĸδӵ绰һԿδӵ绰Լ߸ƴδӵ绰
һȥ½໨ʱ䣬δӵ绰ҲͶһЩ
ַȸĸ˵绰ĸַ֪簲ȫҲͷˣȻԿ˵绰绰Կ͸һϲԭĸɹˣԿַпﻹµʮ뻻ַ磬׵ĲѾûǮµʮҲûôˡ
ַЦЦϲһҲ磬˵ȥͰѵ绰ҵˡ
Ǹƻظ绰
ַ磿ִϰ壬Ҵô绰ôһҲûӣȻʾڷܵĸɽȥˣӵַĵ绰ЩϲĽֻûİַһ١
Ǻǣ˼ϰ壬ȥɽȥˣɽ̫ҼҲ񲻹ôȥˡַ翪Ц
鶼ɽһǮҲǿˡƿŵĽе
ַЦҲû취ҲҪģҲиͶҪģ˵ҲҪҺڵģＸʮŮڵŬа
ʮŮˣӦĹ
ֻŮ֪ˡַ˸
˵ЦˣϽ˹ＱȱأһԸŶ
߷Ͼ͹һԸ壬ַҲڿȱǮأ
ԭȥƽеģȻԸ壬ôַҲٵˣȥ
Ȼȥ֮ǰҪȰѼ鴦á
ַһһžУžһȻᡣ
һȻԸʹߵ־һķΧڲЧ˻άʮ졣
ַ缤ᣬȻѿΪɢѿǾɢһ׹⣬׹䵽˵ذϣԭпڰ׹֮ںڻЧ£ѾǵŵĴڡ
ַ֮⣬ٽƤݣֻῴһ˿ϷĽذ壬Ҳַиõһˡ
άһ֮ãһ֮ڣｫǰȫġ
úûᣬַ翪ʼһ˵ԼСϣҩˮҪǵĸ죬ַǿ
ַѾԹ־ٽĶû⣬ڵһǳ׵顣
ַʱһͣſڡ
ַ磬ַ磬ڲڼҰ
ôˡǡַ翪ţʹ峤¹ٴ˸к漴ɻĿľ졣
ַ磬λ٣λǮ٣ʵġ峤¹ٽܵ
λٺã롣ַһȴɫĶλЦЦ
˽˷ӣλϰԵĳĴ˿ûʲô쳣
λ곤ٶַЦЦ˵ýţ˽˽ģûб˼
õģʰɣ֪ʲôҶ˵ַʵ˵
ʶԴ𣿡ʵ
Դ󻢣ǴԴ󻢣
ԣǴԴ󻢡
ܲʶҴ꣬ǴСһ𳤴ģȥϸдѧûô߶ˣٺԴ󻢲ѧãЩ͵飬Ϊ˼ǾûϵˣˣӦǰòŷųİɣǰ컹ˣǲʲôˣ
ģԴ󻢵ļ˱˵ʧˣѾʧٺüˣ˽Դʧһһм𣿡˵ٵ۾Ѿַϡ
ַ̹Ȼ˵ôһ˵ҾˣǰҼҷӷ㲻þԴǸ˵Ҫ͵ΪҰװ˱Աˡ
㰲װ˱ϷбҪװϵͳ
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ͷķԽԽˣԼҵķӲ𣬵ֿպúʡ
ʵǴΰܺõģûʲôС͵С鷢װҲΪ˰ġ
ǰǴΰܺõģѾûгʲôˡ峤¹Щ˵
Ŷһܿ͸˺ԺƤݣƺ˵Ĳֿɣܽȥ𣿡
԰ַӦһߵԺƤݴ˿
ƤյģֻмֻڽһĿȻ
ڵϵѾڸǿеİصġ
λٿһƤݣûзʲô˳
УɣԺҪʲôµ뼰ʱϵǡλٺַ֣ȥˡ
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035 ں
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037 
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ңץŮҿԿǷŹ㡣
˵˵͹ڡ̰ѹѺԿĵط˵˳
ΪʲôҪץԿַĵһ⡣
ԿӦϰ࣬ˣ˵ܷŹץԿҲ£Ĳҵ°
ֻľ
Զԣġ
ллҵϢҪһϢȥˡ
ҪɱңҪɱˡ
꺦¼ˣҵַһŰȵģ޷ӿ־鷢ˣǰѱذѾĲϣı䴥ŵСʧһȳҺ˳
ĺˣĺڼˣģֻҪһܹһϴĸҪˡ
ǡûˣذѾĲϻ˹ȥ


040 ҹè֮
ַܿҵ˹ѺԿķ䡣
űסˣַţе
ַ磿ַ磿
ң㻹𣿡
һãáﴫԿĿ
ޣˣ˵˵ȥ𣿡
ã˵
㿴û֮ģҪѷŶϣһ㣬ȻҪκ˿š
ã֪ˡСһ㡣
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֪
ᶫַһЩ۾ﱬȻɱ⣬ڴ֮ǰҪй֮ˣӦеĴۡ
ѻѾһ¥ļȫһ飬ΪַҵҪԸһĿꡣ
˴ΰܿһˣѾ¥ݿڱַɱµϺڼڶһ䷿档
ַ羶ֱǴȥ
ϺڣЩǼһˣ˼ˡ
߲ưϺڶϵŨüһַǳõĸоѾûôΣյˡ
ˣһҲҪˡӷ⴫˽
ϺһӴվеСġ
ȴûע⵽һֻѻѾ˽Ƿ๣ŵƿصȥ
תۼ䣬һƬڡ
ʱһ죬űַһ߿ַһͷһ˽
ڰУԿַ˫èһ۷Źӫ⣬ƾ˫۾ںڰж硣
Сҹèۣܹ֮ʩںڰУͬΧ塣
ַķǳ΢ľеķ֮һ֮ڣӵҹè֮ۡ
һӵҹ㹻ַԼжˡ
Сģ

ô£
ַ綯죬ȭȭ⣬ÿһȭһصôڼ˵ؿϣÿһܹعѵ죬Լһ˵Ĳҽ
ַ糤һߵǽ´򿪵ĵƿء
ˣַ۾Ӧƹſڵ
µķѾûκһܹվŵˣϺڣڵ߸֣ȫַڵء
㣿ϺڳԾĿַ磬һţһѪ˳
ǵ˵Ļ˵ˣһġַȻ˵
㡭㡭Ϻڵ־־ֺڣôҲ벻۵˾Ȼһôôǿ
ʲôҪ˵ĻȺֵһߣҲðˡ
ϺڵѪֻܶ϶˵ҡϰ岻Źġ
ҲҪ˵ģϰ˭ҲŹġַ˹һϺڵĶϣѰֻ
Ϻڷ˲ҽУ⻹ûַ꣬һһֻҲ
֮ǰĻϣܹԹԵĸңʲôܣһȺ˶䷿ʲô䲻أ߸׳ƫƫ䷿䣬ַ֪ЩԾˡ
ݣڵ̺档ϺµģҲ֮ǰˣһһʮ˵˳
ַ緭ϵĵ̺Ȼһ񣬰û֮һҩ͡סۡ
ַŻȻΪʲôһȺҪػԭǵĲضص㡣
ֻԭǲɹĵطǲƷС㣬ҲۡƷȡ߶
ַǰȥذ׵ϺڵĴȸ˵Ӧûаɣ
Ӻ棬б䣬ԿϡϺֻʲô˵ˡ
ַῪӣȻǽǶһ̨䡣
ַǷŹϺڣϺڵĲϻһӣ·
編ƣҲַڲϻ˴ӡ
ʱܼĽŲŵһȺԱͱ
ַһûսļɣһԶԸһУҪ̫ĻӦˣſڵĽŲȻһô򵥡
ַһһžУžһȷᡣ
ַȻľǼǲģҲǾơ
ַ罫ἤ˲飬еʱתƵַϡ
ַĸоһɺʵķԪΧԼתת΢罫ᱣ˺
һȷɹ
ַڷɨһۣһľ˳ȥ
⣬ϣʮλֵԱŸ
Ѿŵˣÿ˽һǧǮ³֮ͣЩԱڽķϣ˶࣬һѷĳ

ǰԱѾַ磬߾еľĳַԴ


041 ȫȥ

ǰԱѾַ磬߾еľĳַԴ
鷢ˣµһõַͷϵʱ򣬷·ײһεıĤϣǹ΢΢һʹַ⻬ȥ
ַûֻ򲻻ֵϰߣڹµͬʱҲŶԷ߹Ǻݺݵ˹ȥ
žһ죬Էַ˳ȥͬʱ߹ǡ
ڶԱҲǻľַԴݺݵĴЩһ̫ײˣֱӴԴһҪļơ
ʣľҲεķˡ
ַ緢ڶһԱ߹ǣ˳ȥ
һȷķЧַǳ⣬ȫķ˶ܣֻҪǰ˾һӳ˹ȥ
˷˵Ĳҽַһһڼ̵ʱڣϮԱȫڵء
һľɪɪվ˶ͷΨһһû򵹵ˣʱַѾվǰ
ĴʺͨԱȻַͬɨһۣɳɤӽе
ʶңʶĽ˳
ͺáַЦһȻһͷϥǴݺݵĴһӡ
ϣû뵽ַ˵ʹʹһ̵
ַ̧ץס죬ڶԷİУ߽˸ոյķ䡣
صʬֱһŵɪɪ˵Ŀ־Ѿ˵
ַݺݵһţ˵ѱչԿ׺뽻ҿ㲻ǡ
һţعĨһԿײϰǣֵԩ޳ģŹҰɡ
㻹˵ˣԩҲгԿİɣ֪֪ҾԿˣַȻ˵
ԿΪԿȻ֪ԭΪԿԵʣǵɷǡ
ʱ˿̣ѾڵĳӶˣ֪Կıһλײеˣ˵ʲôҲȥԿ
ϧڲ֪ڣѾˡ
ַҲϻһͰһֻĲҽУַʵϺʲô˵ˣƭңҪҰһƬƬٴҸһʹ졣
ˣˡַײаŻˣĹͷҲûôӲ̾ͰԿ׽˳
ַ򿪱䣬ټıһϷˡƷʣµһǼ˱ͺһֽ
һѵֽӦкü
ַֽ۾ҲַӲ̰Ǯã֮»֡
ַŹֽ͡ƷǼ˱
ַߵǰʵһ⣬ϰ˭
ԥַϺݺݵĻһ֮ųʹ˵ǡ
ַܾŶ죺
ַˣǽ
ԣϰ塣
ûƭңַЩŵķʵ
ôƭҡһƵͷڡƵ͵͵ģҪˣҲҪϰˮƵ˵˳
ܺáַͷһĲϻһӡ
ַһ£óֻֻ˾űӽеǱɣ﷢ˣ˺öˣϻкö࡮Ʒǿֻ
ַֻֻϵָƲøɾֻ˵ϡ
еĺۼĨɾַȥԿӷ˳
ַ磡滨Կһ˵ַĻرסַ硣
ûˣûˡַԿĺ󱳣˿ԿҲҽԿԼıϡ
ãߡԿĨ˰ˮ˵
̫ˣǶҪһ㣬ˣ۾ϡ
۾
ԣ۾ϣ·ЩɾĶҲ㿴
ţԿЩˣ̱۾
ַ米Կɿ˳ȥʱֻѾذȴûκһ˸ַȥ
ַûߴţߵĺ˺ַ罫Կ£˵ϵ˿ǣԿ֣ƽ˳ȥ
ַ֮߳ǰѻѾΧеͷȫƻЩͷǹҵĻ˽˵ģͷһƻֻܱ֤İȫ
ַǣԿС֣ĳԼȥϳַ֮翪תһȦȷû˸ԼҲȷûκ©ſٵĳ˵Ƶصصȥ
صķǳΣһ˽˻Ĵ˽˻ĻԱͨṩԿ׺룬䣬ʹõu̡
һУַ绹ĵĿ񻰵ſھʱֻĴѾͣ˾;ȻѾвٵ̧߱˳Щʬ廹ʱ¥ϡ
ַɨһۣһţﳤȥ


042 ѻɱ
ֻ¥
ϺôҴҸ̾Ӷӳ֣صʵ
ذϺ˵ֳʮˣ˶ʮˣʮһˣֽ򣬡ƷɣĿǰǺɱ
ɱüͷʵʲô𣿡
һҲࡣϺɫٴ˵ĿߵĿڹӦλӣʮ嵽ʮ֮䣬һңݣݣӦͿųֿȭֱӴһ¥¥;ʮλԱûһ֡
ϺĿߵĿڹǵĹڴϣȻˣеӲ˵ֲӵˡ
˿ŵ˵һˣ
һ˾Ͱһ¥˶ŵˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ԣĿǰһġϺ˵
գգۣ۾һ˿־壬ǿ򶨵˵Ӻְܼ
ǰ൱֡ϺҲ˸žɲǳɱǴֽ͡ƷȴûбߣðԵøӵ˷롣
ƺʲôʵˣ˴ֽ𡯺͡ƷѵڽжƷףû뵽ֻȻһɹڵأҵĹûλʹϽֶĴڡ
ϺЦ˵Ҫô˵ﶼģҪ˵ʧְĻǾ첿Ųʧְء
Ҳô˵𡣡һת̽ʵֽ𡮶Ʒʲô𣿡
ʲôûаϺЩͿˣʲô
Ŷûʲô˶Ʒ֮⣬ǲǻСҡͷ衯𡯡ȡȵȡϽ˵
ϺΪ˵ǺǣˣƷֻǸͳƣҡͷ衯𡯡ȡ㡮Ʒ
ˡϽ˼ЦЦֻȴĪһɣЩ˱Ȼû䵽С
Щ˱ϼǡƷ׵ļ¼һ˱䵽˾У²㷷磬ɺܴĴ
ȻЩ˱޷вİȫཨ磬Ҳʹ˱ϡ
ںϺ˼֮ص뿪ֻ

صУԿ˵ַϣĴ
ַһ㶣֮׹̫ܵľţӦڷй
Ǻַܿ˷Ƿ˺ŶԷ·ڶԷϷйԼ
˷ĺۼ
ַڵľǳʢıסԿʵϷ˶ţһСʱԿ߳Σһθ߰ļУַͺһҲԼľķ䵽ڡ
ڣԿһ̱ڴϣһСָҲûˡ
ַͱһҲͬԿĴȵĺ뿪壬
ַ糯ԼһۣȻַ߰΢΢ĿЦƾһŮƺ㲻ˡ
ǺҩˮĸˣʱޣͬʱҲԱ㡣
ҩˮǳ˳ΰˣַЦ
ȥϴ˸ˮ֮󣬲ֵСֵ侲
ַȥԿҰѱӸǺã·뿪˷䡣
ڱʼǱϣַ鿴uڵƵ沥ŵһΡƷ׹̣˹УλӰ
ûĻôֻĻϰ壬ͬʱҲһλͷӡ
ǸΣյļһͬʱҲǸҵصļһ
ʵϣһɣΪֻ̫̫󣬾»Ͷ׷ᣬֻעַŻӵİȫ
ַһ£վļͥסַַµַڳˡ
סС˳⳵ַ֮ĿС
ʱѾҹһˣСһƬڣַ˸ӰĽ䣬
Ӱַ˫ۣŬİעе˴ѻϣͬѻĸй٣ƴѻļȥ
ַЩǣȻû˯ҵĵƻȻ
ѻ̨ͣϣ͸պܹڵ
鷿˯µĬĬĳ̣̻ҸͷѾкüֻˣȻѾһβ̵ʱ䡣
üͷֻ˿ĳһƺѾʲôҪľ
óֻ˴˵绰Ų˵ʲôǿ˵̬ȴǳӦڸ绰
绰꣬ͷϵ뿪˷䡣
һĵңŵ߻˯¡
ֵ˰СʱӦѾ˯ˣѻ˳ͨ˽ȥ


043 ˵ڤ
ϺҹĳʲôˣֳԺĽ绰ʵ
ֳˣˣڼС
ʲôڼУһԭȵԺʱˡ
ǵģӣŴûб˺ۼǼеһˮˮֱӹᴩʺϢװֳ⣬ûбˡ
ӣⲻܣܺãӿгã⻰ǲ˵ġ
ǣˣּ˽ƻҲײУҲ൱ֳ֣㿴
ֳϹ
Ǿֳ
˵绰Ҵ
ҹģʲôߵӹһ
дӣ˯ɣæȥˡҴϴһ׼뿪ţʱͣס˽Ų
Ŀ⳯ſĲ輸ɨȥļǵã˯֮ǰѾѲ輸ɾ輸ϿʲôҲûеģΪʲôڲ輸϶һĴ
ɫصĴ򿪹ĴĶһȻ˱ͽƵȵǣƵеĳǣǡǡ
Ӱɫһ

˱u̵Ϣַ綼ѾƹˣϣܹõƷֻϣֳõЩ֤ܹطɣµ飬ǲˡ
һַ֮ͽת⳵صС
飬̵ַᵽãֻеӵǿʱܹˣԼ
ħİҲַΪ֮ԣҪпܴѻİæͷıɵһС
ħħ
ַ૵Ľϵɫٴθ߰һҪǿħ
ȻǸ磬Ǻ͹½һͬǿʳͬΣޱȣûǿʵǲڵңڵġ
ַżвһССķǹͰַвĲжһҪǹĿǹַ粻֪ԼӦζԸ
̨ϣַ翴Ŵҹ˳˼֮С
ǵ򣬻ǹ½̫ƽ֮أĵ·ָأ
ַָڴû˼ϵķת뷨
ҪĺãơȨƣвƣȨȻͲ±˵۸
Ȩô׻õģַڵҪĿ׬Ǯ
ַڲȱǮַǳȱǮĴǧǧСĿɻƽҲмǧöңǼǧöܹƷ̫ࡣ
׬Ǯ
ַ罫еһж˼һ飬յĴֻǾ׬Ǯ
賿ĵ㣬ַľȴܲѣһ˯ҲûУŴҹһƬ˼
ַ簵Ե˵ͷغãɳϡ
ڤһ൱ڵ飬֮ԺŻЧ
ڤҲԽԽãÿСʱõĽʱ˺壬ˡ
ɳϣڤͷϣʼнڤ롣
ҲַһڵϽڤ
ַڤڹŴħʦһֳ֮ΪԪķţܹӷͬʱԪصǿ壬ӵиǿ׳塣
Ҳֻӵиǿ壬ܸܳǿԪر仯ʩչǿħ
Ԫķţַ翪ʼ
ַΧʼۼɫĸϵԪأЩǵĸϵԪرַ壬ںսڡ
ԭһ˿˿ɫʼȲӣһ˿˿˿ڵķۿɼٶȣӡ
ַһӵ̫ˣ½ʱһٶʮٶȻڲӣʮʮʮ
ٶͣʮҲ͵ڴһ죬ڹ½ʮ죬ڴһ꣬ڹ½ʮꡣ
ַЩɵˣֳٶȣڵļҲδš
ԣԣ˵顣
ڵļȷֳٶȵĴţ˵У½һƯƵʥأʥرΪĻ԰˵СĻ԰һܵףʥأħʮٶȡ
Ļ԰ǳأһ᲻ϵĴƯƣǧܹ԰ħʦ֮٣Ҳ̫ãΪĻ԰ǻƶġ
ţλħʦĻ԰һ꣬ȴʮķֻĻ԰ÿһʱͻƶȴҲûǸᡣ
ڵȴĻ԰ӵĺˣȻʮٶȡ
ڴһ꣬ʮķ
ַЩɻΪʲô


044 Ԫ
ַ羪ϲֳٶȣҲֳٶȡ
֮Ӧɣϵٶǹ½ʮҲԭġ
ַº棬ĵĲ鿴Լ̡
һ£ַ翴һʲôַ緢һЩͬѰ֮
ڤںϸԪԪأһħԪصḶַ́緢֣ԼУڸԪصļзڣһδ֪Ĵڡ
δ֪ĴڣһֵɫһֵɫС㣬ԪصĴںƣȫͬ
ÿһԪضԼԣԪصңˮԪصͣԪصĺأԪصĿ񱩣ԪصƮݡ
ÿһԪضԼԣַǳĵһǺؾͲ񱩣ƮݾͲҡ
ֵɫδ֪ھȫͬƺһֻ壬߷Ʈݣңˮͣĺأ׵Ŀ񱩡
ַĸоУƺǻģӵԼԣı仯Լʡ
ַ˵һʲôĴڣַĸоУƺֵɫĹ㣬ǱȵһԪأ߼Ĵڡ
صĵɫԪأͼԪм䣬ַڡ
˵͹½ʲô쳣ĻΨһĲͬǵ϶ֵɫԪء
ַһͣžۼߵĸԪһһɢȥ
ͬʱַ罫עеΧԪС
ַȱǸϵԪأʱٶȣ͹½ƽ
ŸԪصΧĵɫԪر˹ЩɫԪؼڸԪ֮Уַڡ
鷢ˣٶȣȻʮ
ΧĵɫԪԽԽľۼַٶҲһĿʮʮ屶ʮʮ屶ʮգַٶȱȶʮ
ַҲȷˣȻصĵɫԪٶȡ
ַ粻֪ʲôԪأΪɫ࣬Գ֮ΪԪء
ԪӵһֺصʣԪغԪؼһʱ򣬻ٶȣԪԽŨٶҲԽ졣
ַ簲ʼȹ̵ڤ
СʱַʱַоǾͷҲһƬٿؿ֮ڣһ˿ɫķѾһء
һҹ͵ʮ죬ЧԶ׼
ɻͻȻַ˳
ҲħԪأһصԪأôħеħĴڵߣôǵָεľˣ
һ˵ͨˣϵħϵôôûڷǿƼ簡
ԪصĴڣӦߣ˲繷ŶԵģΪʲôʵУûߵϢ
Щìܵ⣬ַ²͸벻ס
ѵǵ˲
𰸾ʲôֻеַϵߣ֪ɡ
ַҲԪصĴڣһߣôضǸָָ߸֣ԲǵĴڣԺ£Сİ
ַ罫ʱ£ͷħ⡣
½ħһôϵΪԪħٻħħ
ħϵħǲֵģħǸԪصļ壬˵κһλħʦܹʹóеħ
Ȼ״̬ʵܹͨħħʦûС
ΪκһħǳĲܹѧϰһţͨһħѾǳ˲Ҫͨеħǲܵ顣
ڹ½ʷϣҲλħʦܹʹеħͨģҲֻеһ룬ˣλħʦҲΪ
ħʦҲһλţ֪еħܹʹԪħٻħԼͨħԪħ
ĲлѾַգַҲħ֪ʶֵַѡħЩԥʧ룬Ӧһţ
ħǽħҪ򽻵ߵĸı䣬˵ĻòҪħ⡣
ַĿֻܷԪħٻħԼϡ
ԪħٻħսħͰڸħħòҪ
Ϊ˵Ĳлַ꣬ħͷŵƣûħҲܹͷħ
ͷţվƣֻܷħֵֻͨŬħıܣԼͨʩܹӳʮֵ


045 ħ
óԪħҲħ
ַ粻һҪеԪħѡһŽпޣӶӵһս
ϵԪħУϵħǿӵǿƻǶﻹǶԽϵħӵмΪǿƻ
Ҫ˵ɱĻϵħǹϵһ
رɱϣϵħΪԣַҲϵħ
һѡַϵħ
ϵħ⣬ַ绹ѡĸˮϵͷϵħϵħУмַ൱⡣
ϵĸɱεķˮϵˮ֮ȵȡ
ϵŸħһֺܺõѡ
ٻħҲһַǳĶѡ
ٻħиʽٻޣǿľٻķǳǳˡ
ٻħԷΪ࣬һԪٻһǻٻһԼٻ
ԪٻһʱԵٻٻˮԪأԪأԪأʱԵٻԪΪԼս
ԪٻҲ򵥵ٻħ
ٻһٻħýĻȡӦ˫Լͨ󽫻ٻʩߣս٣ʹΪԼս
һ԰ȫٻʽǻ޵ʵǺʩߵʵȵģûȡɿԣֻٻһֻ
ԼٻָԼħޣħΪԼս
ħʦ뾫ԼӦԼԿӦħޣĳħ޽֮󣬣ҲͰֻħ޴ٶֻħͷӦԼͿԿֻħޡ
һΣյٻʽǿԿƱԼǿħޣҲܹƶֻħޣʵԽǿܿƵħҲԽࡣ
ٻʽȱ㣬ǲһٻħҪʩ뾫ޣֻеİ壬ܷӦе
ٻħַǷǳĶģĿǰ˵ûôʱٻħֻӺˡ
ʣµľͰˣŸħҲǸħӵħ
ķϸֿԷΪʮ֮࣬ħħҩħϳħҩϳ̻װǶװħȵȡ
Ҳ˵һŷǳӶϽѧơ
ΪһŸħƷǿԻǮ򵽵ģַȻҲҲȤľϾޣĿǰ˵ԼƷԸ⻨Ǯֱȥ
ôһħǰˡ
ڹ½ʵһͳƣǲԪϵħൽ˰֮С
ķҲǼΪӺͶԵģҸڰķ࣬ҲԼ趨
ڵļУΪʮʮСࡣ
ٿ͸ӳֱ̽ɵܵȵȡ
ܹ㣬ܺܶ࣬Ƕħʦ˵ֻСϲ̨ĶԪطʦǰʦһ㷴ûУҲûһԭ
Ҫֻ֪аɵͰֹħԪħ˵ַ̫Ҳ̫һս棬ʦԪħʦĶ֡
ѾΪ˸͵ƫħѾûްˣҲٳ˰ᣬҪԪؾۼ۹һЩԭ
ַ翴ãʱԪϵħã͸ЩǷǳʵõħ
ڰҲͷַˣֻҪַħ㹻ϾͿʵóӦİַСģΪԼûӦİôʹϾֻܷӳֵҪȫķӳҲֻܿԼ
͵⣬ʩĳɹҲ൱ĵͣҲֻжĳɹʣԽħɹԽ͡
ҪΪһλǿħʦļԶԶˣֻܿԼĿ̿ʩΪıܣǾǴʦˡ
УһħзʦѧģǷ
ǷħȴЧĵֿĸʩЧ͸ڷ£͸Ч
ڹ½͸ãѾѹ˼ޣû֮أΪܶཨƷǱʩ˷ģ͸ûá
ڵϾͲһˣڵûзıģʹ͸ɣֵĵƱǿʱĶľָöôȤ
뵽ַЦԺлᣬһȥһ˹ά˹Щһ֪ʲôŽĶ
ħַѾѡ񣬵ħĵ΢ֻѭ򽥽ӵͿʼ
ҪħϵʽħΪ弶һħħħ
ʽħʦܹʹһħħʦܹʹöħħʿܹʹħħʦܹʹĵħνħǽˣֻħʦʹħ
ַڵʵεȵħѧͽһħҲ޷ʹãֻѧϰѧͽҲ֮ΪС
֮ǰʹõҹè֮۾ڰеСһħѧͽҲܹʹõĵ͵ħ


046 ׵ƿ
ħѧͽܹѧϰ׵編ֻ֣һС׵ƿأһС׵ɢ䡣
׵ɢ׵ƿصĽ׷ֻоͨ׵ƿأܿʼ׵ɢ䡣
ַһҪϰķ׵ƿء
׵ƿϵħʩ߸õ׵
ַ羲૵һһɶʮɵ׵İء
ַһһظģԸоõĵĬԼڵķڴԼȴĲһȦ
ݵļ䣬׵ƿʱЧ
׵ƿϵħֻнȫգľͿʩչ׵ƿصʱ򣬲Ǿͨ׵ƿأܹħ
һ̴ԼҪһꡣ
ַҪͨħѧͽ࣬Ϊħʦļ䣬֪෨Ӧʩչħռ˼ı
ַôĬĬģĬٱ֮Ѿܹʹġ
ַվߵǽǵĵԱߣչƶŵʩչ
ɣַͬʱڵħһĸоַϣܹԵĸоܵ򣬼ǽڵĵҲܹĸо
ַ΢΢һʱӵﵯһɫĵ绡绡ַƵ˹ַһ绡һ˹ȥ
ַĵ£ɫĵ绡䵽˽̨ϣžһһ𻨡
ַһֿ˿Լƣʩչħĸоķǳʹֻһ۵С
ַͻȻһЩףӦʹ׵ƿħˡ
ַһռĸѹ˳򿪿أͬʱַʩչ׵ƿŸѹĸѹ˲ͷųȥ
ˢһ죬һִĵӸѹﵯ˳·һֻĶǰɳ˹ȥ
䵽ɳϣߵ¶˲ɳճһƬڵĺۼ
׵ƿرûκιħȴ߱׵һѸѹͿڶ̾γɹˡ
ǵģǶ̾룬ϾⲻַԼģԹ벻ᱣ̫Զֻʮγɹ
ʮ׵ľҲˣ㹻ַԱࡣ
ַԼķַǳ˷ܣ͵ӵ׵繥ˡ
ħַҲӵԼ˷ܣȵϰ׵ƿء
ϰĹУַħһһıĵʮεʵʩַķʹһ
ַĿǰħܹʩչʮ׵ƿء
ַٴϥ½һڤһڤĿĲħǻָ
ַЩϲķ֣ڷĻָϣԪͬЧĻָٶȺٶһͬҲʮ
ʮķָٶ£ʮӵʱ䣬ַķͻֵָ
ָĿ죬սҲܹõħΪħʱͿԽиεħϰϰһΣȴϰΣȻӵиơ
ַϰ׵ƿʱѾŷĶʮѾѹڣܹһʩչ˷
˵ļ䣬ħַ粢İͺϰһʩ̣ȣľˡ
ַҲţٸʱ䣬ܹ˲׵ƿء
ʱɫѾַͣ򲻴ﰡ
ȥ￴£Կڱ˯㣬ַ·ѵϴ˸裬ѣԿ˯˻
Ҳ֪˯˶ãַоߵԿ΢΢Ժ۾
ַԿЦЦ˵ˣô˯һ᣿
ԿϴһĨɬ˵12ˡ
12˰ַ˸˯ÿ
ɡԿ˵Űַÿȴ
ٵȵȡַͻȻһЦһֽԿ˻ұһᡣ
ʱԿϣʲôҲûַԼҲ࣬ʹڿ㣬˼ǳȫӵַ
ͱһᣬһͺá
ַӱסԿԿľУ˫˫壬İ
ͬʱһӲѾԿϡ
һôԿһٿȥȴѾ糺ɬ
ַסԿĶڶߵҪˣһΰɡ
ۡԿһѾЩˡ
˭ôģ˻áַ繾һҲˣӵֶʱ˻
оַķ֣Կһ̫ˣڻۣû취ˡ
ܰô죿ַЦһճˡ
ַԿ㴽ֺõҰɡԿĶߣ˵˼䡣
ԿɫЩɬҲЩΪѣư֮£Ǳַѹ˱
ַ͵͵ƺһܹоԼһڰһһͷŪ
ַ¶ɫ˵е簲ҧᵽˡ


047 ҩ
ԹȥҽԺԿĸ
Կ׵ĲѾȶͿԳԺˡ
ַ磬Կĸǳ⣬꺮ůǳ顣
ַû̫ãͿĸкҽԺת
ַĿĺܼ򵥣ҩ
ڹ½ûо֢һ˵ģʦǷʦõҩˮ׵κμҲˣ½Ǯ˴¼ΪֻҪһСǮͿԽԼĲʹȫ
ַѾڹ½ƿһҩˮյļ䣬һҩˮ㹻еļǶڵϵļ˵ַ粻֪һҩˮǷЧ
ҲַҪҩĿġ
ַڲԺתһȦܿȷ˵һҩĿꡣ
һ֢ڻߣѾʮ꣬Ϊ̫󣬲ϵ̫ѾûĿܡ
ȵ˯ţպ뿪ĿյַٵĽ˲˵ͣһƿһҩˮ˽ȥ
һƿҩˮļʮ׾ȥ
ַպƿӿٵ뿪תСʱַ֮ٴλص
ͨ£ҩˮһСʱڲЧڵʱ䣬˺µҩˮѾЧá
ַصʱ򣬷˵ĲſڼˣҽʿҲв˼
漣漣ϸȻʧˡ
̫˼ˣ֢ھȻԼˡ
ɣ
ģϾĴҽԺϲҲǷǳȫ
ǲǳʲôرĶѵµİ֢Чҩ
Χļ˽ַðһЦȴ֪һҩˮѾЧˡ
ַ缷ȺΧȷ˼ҵİ֢Ѿˣ΢Ц뿪
ַȷˣһҩˮȻǰ֢Ҳһҩˮ
ĺ飬ַصԸĲ
尢̣أַЩ֣Կûڷ
ĸŸָָ˵ȥڿȥˣͦһСľ͵˰Ѫ
Ŷȥȥַһȥ˸ڲ
ҲǶַţƿš
ĸˣǸСŮŲڴϣڴϣСŮ˵Żһ߻һƯٸһλݵǽߵɳϡ
ַˡַؽ㣬δ磬ǵŮɣ⡭ַ硣Կ΢һԥǰַ統ܡ
áؽƵĵͷǺַ˸к
ɰɣ꼸ˣַ˴к֮˲ϣЦ
ɽˡСŮĵ
ԣַɵԴ
һᣬַ翴Ӻ򸾣˵ܲܽһ˵
Ӻȵ̧ͷʵǣ
Щźӵ棬˵ȥ䡣ַ˵
Ӻӣؽ㳯ɷһͷӺ˵롣
˵棬ַʵɵİѪʲô̶ˣʵĹҵõ𣿡
Ӻǿɬҡҡͷ˵ʵĹ軹ûҵҽ˵ɵʱ䲻ˣֻһˡ
ַ˸һţ˵Ҫ˵ĻҶϣܹұܡ
õģ˵Ӻͷ˵
ַ˵һƿŷҩѪԵķϣҿԷĲȡĽƿҩ͸㡣
ŷҩѪӺԾı飬Ծ֮ɫȴԼϽƭˡ
Ȼַ˵ĲȡӺȴǰַ統ƭӣֻǻ˸ƭ˵ķӶѡ
ѹֽҲҪ߱ˣԭǸƭӡ
ӺɫѾַˣַҲ⣬Ц˵ȻǲҵĻˣҲûϵ͵û˵ˡ
ַЦҡҡͷƿ߽˲
ȵַԿ뿪֮ؽɷӺʵַո˵ʲôˣصģ
ʲôҩġӺûĽ˵һ顣
ŷҩưѪؽҲЩԾôҲ벻Ǹַƭӡ
ַ翴ŲƭӰؽɫȴЩҡˣһһƭأ
⡭ⲻܵģҪпưѪҩֵ÷зˣôһϢҲûУӺȴŵҡҡͷ
ܹưѪҩȴĲȡİ͸ǣⲻѧ
뵽һ㣬޶
УҵðŪȻĻҽ˯šؽҡҡͷȻܹưѪҩ¹Ůвޡ
ҹȥ̽̽ĵסؽɷ˵һȥ˸ڲ
壬̣𣿡ؽʱԿѾڲ
Сذַȥˣ𣿡
Ҳûʲô£졣
ؽЦЦĸ̣ʲôģСͦģ̫ͨһЩҲ˵ĻֻǺͿȣ͸оЩˡ
˵ŮѣĸҲȤ˲ò࣬⻰һ㶼٣ַ糤һ㣬ȴǸдµˡ
Ŷôд£ؽҲȤ
ĸЩҫ˵͵͵㣬ɲҪͱ˵ַ糤ͨ׬ǮȴһѺ֣ԼңʲкüǧأҼͷӵĲǿǮκõġ
üǧ򣿡ؽһȷû뵽òַȻкüǧҡ
ҵַ磬ƭؽãˡ


048 ƽ
ȥģԿųľɫƺһ뿪
ţûǮˣ˳ȥַһĵ
ãԿƤķһ䣬ԼҲЦ
ðɣҳϣ᲻áַҡҡͷ˵һ̫ˣȻҴĺܸɾԾֶΣ»ᱻţΪԷһұЩ׼
㡣ԿЩµ˵
㣬ҵΡַ˵ҪԼŮ˶ˣʲôˣ
ҲҪģһ鶼õģһʻƸһɶ˵ʲôҲ֪Ϳˣʣµ飬һᴦַɤɢһǿţҲţԼܹӦһѣһдơ
ȻŹţ׼ȴһٵģĻǾͲţԴˡ
Сʱַ絽Ŀĵأƽܵһһƽӹ
һĻƽƵĽͿ򵽣ҪĹƽ𣬾ͷȥƽӹɵˡ
ιǷ˷𣿡ַ罫ͣ˼ӹſڣ˵绰
ַ磬ϰɣǺҿǾúʱˡ绰ﴫˬʵЦ
ңѾſˡ
ϰԵһ£Ͻǿš
ӵַĵ绰˻Ƿǳ˷ܵģϰܹĴͻһʼֵǧĴ
Ŵ򿪣˳żӭ˳ֻǵǿſͨʱ򣬻һ㶡
ֻһ㶣ܿ췴ӦЦĺַص֡
ϰĺˣǳĻƽƷʣĿõģϰܹϿͻҲҵ
ˡ
ַصϣʻС˼ӹ
һΣԿҲ
ǽ£ŮԿǷ˷
ã
ǺǣС㻨òϰø
Կ³Χ˵ĿʱһҲĽϰŮѿ湻ƯģԼͷǼŮˣƯˡ
ֹƯˣֱûȣ
ȻǴϰ尡ߵŮˣҲͱ˵Ĳһ
롣ڷĴ·£˽˷İ칫ҡ
ַȿڵҪĻ׼˰ɣʱ䲻˰
ŵĵϰİɣǿǱʡһָĹӪҵԼĽ󣬻Դ㣬ϰҪٻжٻ
ͺãˣڵĻƽʲôλ
ƽļ۸ǸŹмߵģڵĻƽÿٶʮԪ
鱦ĻƽÿʮԪģ»ڼӹŻݼ۸ÿٶʮԪ
ַЦЦ˵ϰܹģȻǵһδ򽻵Ҳİˣ˵ҲͲùĨǵˡ
ⳡϵ飬Ҷ֪ҺôҺãԼĻƽ·ڻƽǳ֮ÿι򶼲ǧ룬㶮ҵ˼
ѽϰ˵ҶҶЦЦֿԿЩɡ
İɣŮˣûġ
˵ͷ˵ȻҶϵѣҲĨˣҾֱ˵ˣҿ԰ѻƽÿ㣬ǵӦôдҪˡ
ÿʡ¶ʮԪٻãһȥˣôʡʽҲ൱ˡ
ȻҲԿģ׬ͷڵϽˡ
Ŷ𣡽ǵĵһνףοź죬ҪɹһǧĻƽ𡣡
ǧ򣿺úãû⡣һ㶣ʱ˷ܡ
ľ飬ǧ⣬׬ȡһһⶼûеġ
뵽Լܹ׬ȡ棬ЦݣַĿҲòһģֱǰɢͯˡ
졣ַվͷ֡
ϰ壬죬졣Цݣַص֡
λԵȣȥŰšЦӦһȥˡ
ȵˣԿŵǵ˵ûɣ
ԿֲɵӣȻóڽбף̹档
£Ҷһõĵġ
ַЦЦֽŽ͵밡ҪǷûдлˮôΪ𣿡
һλνҪǳûˮãɾͲˡǽҺôҺá
Щ⾭ַӸѧģСˣҲۣǸˣȻû׬Ǯȴӵ⾭
ɢɢģҪ̫ˣЩҶᴦõġַĿС֣ο


049 ҩ
˳İǺǿģСʱͰһжˣЦǺǵַȥ鿴
ÿ˻ƽԪǧܹ234Ļƽÿ˻ƽʡȥʮԪڽʡ˽ӽˡ
һʽ׶ַ˵Ҳ൱ġ
ϰ壬һǶʮĹĻƽȫˣ鿴һ°ɣ
ƽֵ߷أٶ๫Ļƽʵϲ̫࣬װֻűװϡ
ַ򿪿˿˵ͷЦ˵ˣΪһŵùģƽû⣬ת˰ɡ
лϰˣ롣
ַһˢתˣǧ˹˾˻ʽ׾ˡ
ɣϲϰ壬һԸô
һʽףԴлȡҵ棬ַĴϰ壬ϣཻܹġ
Ǿ鷳ˡַһ͵ͷӦ򽻵ĵطܶ࣬Ը¸飬ҲǺ¡
Ǿô˵ˣǵ͡˳ЦǺǵ˵
Ǹַ翪վݣƽŵʱȳ극Ҫߵʱȡ
˳ڸһҴ¥˰ᣬ˷˱⣬ֻ۾Լ˹Ǹʮٸó֮һȣҲܶܰ
ǳ۾зңҲұҵֶӣϰСҾͿˣԺҲڳʲôСҾͿԴãССҲЩˣˡ
ܣˬ˵ҶԼˣϰǧҪҪʲô㣬㡣
ˣϰ尮ʲôƣ׾ƣƻơƣ
ҿأͲȾˣ˵Ůʿڳϰɡַ˵
ԶԣȾƣȾƲǺϡ
ȻûкȾƣڷ˵д£ֵջ൱ǢģַҲԵġ
֮ǰûַ֣ĳŷԵ൱ľ
СҲǸˣЩСĵк˹˿ˡ
ֵһ룬ڰȻСҳȥ£ڷĶС˵һ䡣
ͷַ˵ϣֳ̾ڸڣҹȥкһ
ҪҸͬȥַǷǳҪԴܹʶһ쵼û׼õϵĵط
аҶѣȥʶʶҲá
ڰڣֳļ磬ԭһ˳ԵĺúõģͻȻֳθˣһ˼ž˷
ֳôˣȻǾֳ򽻵ģ˹ϵֳļ˴к󣬷;ֱ˹
ʱֳͷɫףǽǵɳϣȻòᡣ
ֳİ˾ߣİĶӣֳЦҡҡͷָָԼĶӣëַˣθ
ֳİԹҽ˵ˣθҪҪӦϢǲ㡭Ҫиôҿô˵ֳ˶
㰡㰡ֳҡҡͷԼİһ취ҲûС
ǸϽҽԺô
ֳӻ֣̾ˣȥҲûãǰӹҽҲûʲôβĺֶΣѾҩˣҩЧӣҾͲˡ
ԲҪȴܰ۵ȥ
ַȴһ˵ﵹһƿŷҩ˵ǰΰٲͲֳ֪θûЧˡ
ֳȴ˷ʵˡҵλǣ
һԴԹңǽˣִַϰ壬ǳĴͻոպ̸һʴ⣬ⲻոջڸϰأû뵽Ȼˣһֳ
ֳһ֪ģеĴǶǧܹ˽ܵϰ壬϶ҲƵĴϰˡ
ֳһЩģ˵ⲡëˣˣ۵ܲˣҪҩܹһЩңҸм
ֳ۵ܲˣһϣ볢һ£οԷǴͷĴϰ壬Ӧòüҩ˵ġ
ֳһԣľ飬ҩ֮ӦͼӰġַڼڿڴһͣеĲƿ˹ȥ
ֳƿţһɵĹζ΢һԥͷҩˮȥ
ҩˮ治һȥ֮󣬱оůůģһֱů˳θԭʹ̵θ̼Ȼͻࡣ
ֳһ㶣ĵʲôҩˣˣͼӰҩҩ
ǣֳ쳣Щˡ
ҩЧͼӰҵθȻˡֳǻϲˣͲ֪ȥˣץԼ˵ֱۣļ쳣


050 ħװϣ
ϰ壬ллллҩǰҵĴæֳعæл
ֳˣҶǣѼǽȻַЦ˵
úúãϰѣҽˡֳЦݵ˵
ϰ壬һɣǼ磬Ǽˣûˡֳ
ҿģƾͲˣŮѾڸڰᣬ´ΰɡַܵ
Щϧˡֳź
ҶѣԺȾƵĻǣˣԺ鷳ֳĵط϶Ҳܶࡣַ˵
ϰˡֳЦЦ΢΢˼ʵϰҩȻҩͲ֪ҩʲô򵽣ë»Ҫ
ҩַ绹ûãڱͻȻַӼתֻܺ˵˸֣˵аٲݻˮǼҴĹŷҩΪϰ󣬶ֹֻܿƣûг۵ģҲֻǳŵʱ򣬴һƿ
ֳϵθͲٵˣٲݻˮЧθûģֳ֮ȥҽԺ飬ʱ϶кϢġ
˵ҩЧַ˵ǫ飬ϵɫȴǳš
ڵҩЧټַŵɫֳڰٲݻˮЧѾ߷֡
ôõҩһܹذǷһ鰡ֳصַ֣ĸмɫ
ֳˡ
˼䣬໥˵绰룬ַͷŸȥ
ȵ뿪ֳİ˱ЩɻʵҩôĶ֮󣬻᲻ð
ĺˣϾǷĿˣҲλϰ壬üҩƭ˵ģοԼ壬Լ֪ҩȷЧҸоҵĶůůģ˵ҵθıκˣ
ЩŵĵϹ˵ɣʲôҩܹһƿͰθκãҩˡ
ֳҲ磬ЦЦ˵ҩһ⣬ûκҲ֪ڲˣ㹻ˡ


˻صᣬҲʶȤַûղŵ飬ҩβ֮£Ҳտڲ̸
ˮƾһףǽ죬¡
úúã졣
ֵһֱǢַ£ҲûгԵ̫ãһСʱ󷹾ַֽȥӹȡ˻ƽ
ַҪС˻ƽ𣬵ĵ˵ϰ壬ʻƽǼֵǧ򰡣Сˣǲ̫Ϸˣ
ǺǣˣΪۣԲŰȫַں˵
⵹ҲǡȴǲĵĽҳıгǹ֤ģҪҪ˸һˣ
˵ʵַĴϰ壬Ҳϣַµģַõء
£ҲģҲҵĶ֣µġַҡҡ֣ܾ˶Էĺ⡣
ףһ·˳磡ٶ˵ֻǺַص֡
ϣַԿС֣۵Ļ˯һ¡
ţ㿪СġԿҲȷʵЩˣӦһڸʻϱĿϢ
ɱôˣַһҲһֱıһֽȸС
ַ粻֪ʲôʱҲֻ֪ıǲǻַ֪ҪǿӦδ֪ѡ
ħĸħҲһ飬ܹʱķǹħװ
Ҳַ缱ææƽԭ
˵ԿΪİȫǣٸԼߣᰲȫࡣ
Сʱ󣬿Сͣ
ַ˼Ҳ۵ıñػһ䷿СطıݹϣټַǱˣûʹ֤еǼǡ
ȵڴ˯ţַ͵͵Сʱڤ֮űſ˯
ڵʮٶȣÿСʱʵ൱ַɲ͵
ڶһ磬ͿͣҪ뿪ݣַԿصլ
ǲ鿴һ¼¼ȷû⣬ַƽص˹½
ƽ𱻰ŵĦгϣַĦгҲȥҴкֱӳŶǿȥ
·ߣԽҰĦгܺٶȻģСʱĵ֮ԽҰĦгھͣ
ԽҰĦгϾǹ½ĲַҲóóȻĿĦгǡ
Ħгڲݴغַֻ֮ľ䣬߽˶ǡ
ħʦЭȻ壬ַʱѧͽ΢΢Ĵ
ַĽŲѣվ΢΢ϴǸ⣬˵ӭĵַ¡
ַЦŴкĽеֻӷ
ҪЩʲôأҩǾ᣿ʵ
ַЦЦҡҡͷ룬Ҫȿħװ
ǧĻƽѾ㹻ʱħװ


051 ħװ£
õģ£Ҫʲôħװ
ַͷ˵µĿ¼ҿҪѡ
Եȡ
ӦһܿͰµĿ¼˹
˿Ŀ¼Ȼ׼ַﻹЩʧĿ¼ϼصħװ࣬ҶǴεħװõҲֻһħװĺöȴûг۵ġ
ַ絹Ҳ⣬ϾֻһСĺöǲᱻ͵ģΪüǮҲûôõ·
װƷʣħװԷֳȣΪεȣһȣȣȣĵȣȡ
εħװ͵ȵװħѧͽͿƴεװҪҲǸħѧͽʹá
Ʒ֣֮͵ĲͬħװֿԱΪࡣ
һħװһħԴװ
ħװָǱûд洢ħҪʹħʹõװͨ£ħװǸʹħ仯ġ
ħװҲħʦǾʹõװ
ַϴιڤһħװڤħԴַľ
ħԴװָǱħװԼħԴͷʹʹûħҲܹװħ
ͨ£ħԴװħǲܸĵģʹôƣ˵һһΣħԴװҲǷʩʹħ;֮һ
½ϳõħƾߣħԴװûħͨҲʹħƾ߽
ħʦ˵ħװǳװħԴװǱѡ
ɷϣʵϣħԴװħװȣһĲģҸߵȼħװħװͨ£õħԴװҲֻжħԴװ
ַȴԼĿǣڵ΢ħħħԴװŸʺʹá
ôѡһЩħԴװɡ
ϾСطԹѡħԴװ̫ܹ࣬ҲûгʮһħԴװǲʮ
ַɿĿ¼ѡ󣬺ܿҵ˺ʵĿꡣ
εħװַɨһ۾ֱӺˣȻεħװ۸ȫûһװȣڲȱʽǰ£ֱַӲ鿴һħװ
һħԴװʮ˼
ַѡֱһȿ־ָһȷһȸ֪
һȿ־ָۼһٶʮңһȿ־ÿʹһΣܴʮΡ
һȷۼһʮңһȷÿʹһΣܴʮΡ
һȸ֪ۼ۶ʮңһȸ֪ǿһ֪ǿάְʹá
һȸ֪ǿǱ淨ַܹΧĸ֪
ɹѡħԴװ̫ˣַѡ֮󣬲òֽĿŵħװϡ
ħװҲ̫࣬εħװʮһһħװż
һħװУַ絹ǿö
һۼʮңһ
һȰҹߣۼٽңҹһ̽
µĴǹħװĿǰ˵װַ粢̫á
µħװۼһǧһʮңҵĻ൱һǧħװİҲһܹʹõġ
Ǿҩˮˡ
ħװҪַ࣬ѡҲһЩ
һȷᡣ
һȻᡣ
һȷᡣ
һɳᡣ
ʮһᡣ
ʮһȻᡣ
ʮһ͸ᡣ
ʮһݾᡣ
оļ۸ǧһٽң൱ǧˡ
һǻҩˮʮƿ
һҩˮʮƿ
һҩˮʮƿ
һҩˮʮƿ
һȽⶾҩˮʮƿ
һսҩˮʮƿ
һħҩˮʮƿ
һȳ˯ҩˮʮƿ
һȿ־ҩˮʮƿ
ҩˮֵŰʮöң൱ھŰҡ
ƷۼѾߴǧһʮҡ
ַ粢ûڵջĿֿħϡ
ѡѡַֹ֮˼ֵһǧҵħϡ
һԵѾˡ
һԹֵǧҵƷ⻹֮󣬵һνӴֱʵĿˡ
ǧҰǿһʾ˵ľ޴Ƹ㹻ѰĵһӵĴˣһʾ˵ĲƸַħװַµжô޴
ҡҡͷܿعϵɫԽĹַ£Ҫʲô𣿡
ַ絭ĵͷ˵һҪһЩ߼ħװǺȻ޷ΪṩҪĶ
ֳһĨΣЦ˵Ҳû취飬Ҳֻ֪Сط
ַ翴һۣ˼ĵпȥһô
ҲǸļһַ룬Щ׹ˣ¶ֿЦݣ΢ЦԸ
ǺðɣȰһʽɰɡ
õģַ£һǧһʮһöңǵĴͻΪĨȥͷֻҪ֧ǧöҾͿˡܿ˼۸΢Ц˵
û⣬ôһҵĻƽɡַĽµӣӣ¶Ľ
ôԵȣһ¡
ĻƽԶһǧʮöңҪжһ𣿡
ԡ
۳֮ʣǧİʮöңûôֽҸɽɣ
ħʦЭеͨûңԴʹãΪħʦЭҲ˴½ͨûҡ
ֻͨڴУΪСĽҲǼֵһٽҡ
ΪһٽٽһǧǧһһҲֵ
ͨûңֱڽ׵УҲħʦЭһɽʹá
ħƷǱȻƽĴڣֵǧҵħƷҲַ̫࣬ճֻպܹħƷ
ɣַվ˵ͷôϼ
ߣϼЦЦĽַ˳ȥ


052 ̽
뿪ħʦЭᣬַҵæµϰС
ϰбַӶշԸռ飬ѾһЩջ񣬲̫ࡣ
ϰУҪڶԼķݣкʵķڳ𣿡ֱַ˵ԼĿġ
ҪķݣҪʲôķݡϰʵ
ܵĴһЩϾҲǵ棬̫Сˣᱻ˿ģжԺǾ͸ˣǮ⡣ַ룬˵
ⶰӽ󽫻Ϊַڶǵһݵ㣬Ҳչ
ҵϢɣϳȥϰдӦһתȥ
ϰȥʱ䣬ַóļħװϸϸİһ
һȿ־ָһȸַ֪˳ִϸַ֪֮ȷоһ
֪һַǳھһ֣ܹΧı仯Ĳ
֪ħʦУͨҲУżȻ£ͨ˻оעԼһָ֪ı֡
ϸ֪ܹǿַĸ֪Χı仯ǳУעʱ򣬻ᱻ̷֡
ȻԷһ֣ôҲܹ㿪֪ڲַ緢ֵ£۲ַǣֻĿǰ˵ַ粻õָ֡
־ַָҲһ£ܷһСضָڵħҲþָħ
һöͨҲܹʹõħָ
ȵϰлʱַЩħװ÷ѾȻġ
ַʦҪҴʵķӣҪȥ𣿡ϰ˵
ֱӴȥķӰɡַ˵
һ൱ķݣԭһС壬Ϊҵ䣬׼ס۸Ҳ̫һٶʮöңַǽܷΧڡ
ڶСطݲֵǮһٶʮҵķݣѾ൱ķˡ
˽ңǩԼⶰӾַˣΪԭ˻ûüߣԻҪܰסַʱֻסõꡣ

ϣԼַȥ˿˹¾ưɡ
ַ£롣ַĻҪ磬ַк
ǸˡַǸΪ·ݣַȷˡ
ĿûˡЦЦΪ⡣ˣһĺ൱
ǸպãҲһ
ַǳһڣЩơƣζһЩƹƣƾӦ÷ǳ͡
һߺźƣһ졣
ͨĿУַ˽⵽һЩǵľ
ƫԶСΪλõƫƧפħʦҲǳ֮٣ħʦЭֻλʽħʦפأħѧͽҪһЩһжʮλħʦѧͽ
ʲܺãΪ߹עħңƾԺյĳܹӶʮλѧͽӱħЭħƷĳۡ
Ҫ֪һ൱ĹħѧͽǶݹ൱ۺ죬ֻıȷһ㣬û鷳
ԼĽĹȴ¶˿ЦֻԼ֪ǵѣĳôСطֻԵĹ
ȻεĺܺãĿƣڲ䱻ַ翴˳
ַһⱧԹ˵ҵ游һλΰħʦҵĸΰħʿΪӦΣӶ׳Լ뿪֮󣬼ĳȴ汲µĲƲǻͼңֻܴŽеĲƲ˳ǵıȣӦûڸߴķʦרĵϰħͳΪЩһĶ
ַ粻ıԹʱĹҲ˷޺޵ɫԣЩһĶҪǵѹ
ıԹַ簵ҡͷҲǸù
ʹһǳڼʧˣʧȥټϱһ㣬ͱһ͵ƫԶĶǣϾǼӵܣҲû𣬶Ϊź˹벻
ȻǺ֮ǰȴһһأʧȥ֧֣ԴҲ͵ûˣʣǰΪ
˺žƻſˮԭİˣѸٳ˺ѡ
ã˸ַ米صùݣΪ˸䣬ű¶޽ͷ
ԼδַƵĹ滮ҪеĹ滮ûڶæǲɵģΪħѧͽǸĿ꣬ϸַ粻սΪԼ¡

ڶ죬糿
ַϰУ䣬ҽɢöҽܣö㹻Ѽ
µĽַ
ʱûַЦЦֻ䣬ųȥ
ڳſ֪ΪʲôΧһȦˣַɨһۣ㲻Ϊĳȥ
ħ̣
ħ̣
һĴɤŴߺ
ħַ̣ĶҲȺ˽ȥ


053 ħ
ȺڣλӶĴ󺺣ǰĵϣֻСӣֱֻͬħ̡
һֻѺһֻ˫ͷ˫ͷǶħޣʮףһֻ˫ͷֻףӦһֻ˫ͷޡ
ڶֻѺһֻëСǹСǹźַۣܲȴϳˣһֻħ޺ǵ̡
ֻѺһֻСҰǶħ䵶Ұ̣䵶Ұһ䵶һ˱ƺΪ䵶Ұ
ͨ£ͬȼħ޶ͬһֻħӦͬһץġ
ħܹõĽѱҲˣħ̷ǳѵãۼҲǳľˡ
ЩôȺѯʵ
ۣÿֻٽҡ
ٽң̫ˣȺ˶һ
ͨ˵ٽһʾ޴ĲƸٽҹһֻ̣ͨ顣
ͺȥһֻСͨ飬϶Խܵġ
Ϊ׵ӶЦЦɳɤ̵˵Щ̶ģǿɾͳԿˣ˵ʵҪڼǮһЩ˵ȥһת־ٽҵĸ߼ۣٽһҲġ
ٽҵĸ߼ۣʹţɣ
ǶӶ˵ǲмһˣ˶࣬ȴûʼˡ
ӶǵЩŭǵȷǮֻӼߺ
ַȴ֪ǲû˵ѣħ̵ļ۸һֱǾӸ߲µģħȻ󣬿ҲǴ·ɫˣ˵Ǯ˱صĴٽҵĸ߼ۣ㲻ϡ档
ڶСطħ̣ǲס
ַĿͶĺǵֻ̣СЩȤˡ
Ǵֵħ̣ɲϴֻѪʨȮԱȵģһֻǾһֻǿĶħޡ
ħ޵ʱͨҰҪһЩҲޣرֲ̫Ķħޣϼ¾ͻЧϼͿԳˡ
ħħޣıǾˣ£ûмʱ䣬ģ䣬һǧꡣ
ַҲûΪ˵˼ûпڻָۣź˵ֻҪˡ
лչˣٽҡţӶʱϲЦտ
ַͷݳŽÿŽһֵպٽҡ
ַ˼ĿӶһۣ˵Ҷħ޷ǳȤиõħ̣ҿԳ߼
ӶʱЩԥ
Сطϳ߼ħ̵˿Ǻٵģ֮⣬ڶʱҲڶַ翴Ӷı飬ʱһѻ
ӶһۣΪ׵Ӷ˾ַͷ˵ҽ󣬸ôƺ
ҽַ硣
˵ַ£ǵȷһֻħ̣Ҳ֪ħҪȶħֻ࣬ħ̵ļ۸һǧٽңԸĻԸȥסһ
һֻħ޶Ըֻħû⣬һǧٽҵĸ߼ۣҲֵġ
ٽַ֮ڴﻹһǧ˰ٽңһֻħ̣ȴҲ㹻ˡ
뵽ַȤ˵Ǯû⣬ôȥɡ
õģԵȡӶӦһһ𽫶һգַ糯ǵסȥ
ַˣµҲˡ
˵ס̫Զһõ
õ꣬ţﲻаλӶϻλ˲Ӷ
ͨ˺һƿһҩˮͲˣħ˺߶˺Ǿ鷳ˣڵƻ岢ֹ˿ڵϣҪߵȼҩˮ˺
λ˵ӶӦþ
ַڷԵȣ¹񣬴óһֻСһֻ˯Сӥ
·ϣַ֪ӵеһֻħ̣ħ޼ӥ
ӥһַԵħޣٶȼ˵ħУٶķݡ
ӥٶȿ죬սҲʮǿ£ǲħ޼ӥġ
ǵȴ൱һֻûг꼲ӥػ񳲣ץֻӥ̡
Ȼ̣ɱϾħޣѾвսӥ̱ιʳ˳˯ҩʱǲѹġ
ַ鿴˼ӥ̣û©֮󣬱ĽһǧֵĽ
еħУħ޶ѵģһǧٽһֻȷݵַ̣Ѿ׬ˡ
Ժħ̣ȥطңǮ棬һġַ罫סլĵַһ顣
û⣬ǲɻˣҲҪϢɡ˵
ӶǸ߷ոְҵÿһλǶúõһ£˳ȵǮòˣŻٴðոɻ
Ӷ
õģû⡣ַ֣˵
õſڣַһΪֻЯûȴǷǳġ
˳ﴦ㱻ַͣĦгͣŵزһԶʣµ·ֱַ̣ӽ


054 ӥ
޺ĦгźãַĦУſռȥ
ӽ㣬ڵСʱַص˿ռ޷£ַȥҴذ˶飬ʮͷŵ˿ռ
ϴλǧ඼ƽˣַѾûжֽ飬ȡֽ
صƤݣַȽΧһ飬ֿһ豸û֮Žֻ˳
ֻ޶ڻ˯״̬ûкȽҩ£뻹Ҫ˯ʮСʱ⵹ַˡ
ĵطĿԺͿԣȴǳħ޲ɱĵط
һ㣬ҲڣΪѱʦοѡ
ޱץ֮󣬿ԼпƣȻιĳϦദ֮ѾƴӣʱԼҲԿֻħޡ
ԼƵħ޵ģַȴԾܶĶƼֻħޣоԼʵøǿ
ַҲһȱ㣬̫ѾҲʱ䣬һħʦôġ
ڸְҵУҲרſֳַħޣӶڶħΪԼսְҵиѱʦ
ַûгΪרְѱʦĴ㣬ѱʦķֻħΪԼãȴһѡ
ѱʦĹؼԼѡѱʦѡԼʱԵԼͬԼ
ʱԼĺôǱԼĽħ޵ԼûӰ죬ȱԼԼ󣬶Ҳܺħһܽ޵ӵ¡
ַһ֪ԼʺʹõԼһš
ֱǣѪӡԼԼӦԼ
ѪӡԼǿԼѪΪӡħ޵ڣӶﵽħ޵Ŀġ
ԼǾԼԾ֣ǿƿħ޵˼άж
ӦԼҲһ־ԼǺԼͬӦԼĿҪ࣬ǸоԼܹħ޽Ӧ֪ħ޵˼룬֪ǵƢԸ񣬴Ӷﵽħ޵Ŀġ
Լȱ㣬ʵõĽǶ˵ѪӡԼõģǴӳõǱ˵ӦԼʵģԼ֮䡣
ݵļ䣬ԼУصǸӦԼΪΪֻʵĸ飬ι̵Լ
ַڵҲͬѡ˸ӦԼ
ԼУӦԼӦǿģͬʱҲԼķѾģΪԼҪ˶Լħ޽о
ַ翪ʼӦԼؼ䣬û©󣬿ʼǰļӥޣʩչӦԼ
ӦԼھԼľӦħޣħޡ
ַԼʩŲżӥʩߴȻûгɹ
ԼٻϵħûгʱĽɲô׳ɹģħʦܴһ־Ƿħϰϡ
ߴʩַķ;ľģַҲ˲Сջ񣬶ڸӦٻʩãһž
ַϥ£ڤ뷨ħֵָȻٴζԼӥʩչӦԼ
˷غַ֮縣һٳɹ뼲ӥӦԼ
Լɵʱַһַǳĸоӥ֮佨صӦܹӦССӥǿãȻġ
ַ罫Сӥ˳ССӣḧĽԼľ񴫵ȥ
ַĸ£СӥҴݹһ׽
ַȡСӥΣҲӥһ
СӥıϷַоһԼľʩŽһԼӦû⣬ẓ́ʩչӦԼ
ٴʩչӦԼɾҪ˳ˣʧַ֮ɹںǵʩ˸ӦԼ
Ҳֻħֱ̲飬ĻַڵľħһֻһħޣҲûа취Լġ
Ϊħʵַ̫ųɹֻħ̶Լ
ͬģַҲԺǽһϵİȵϣűźǣŵĴϡ
ԼĶַ羫ĸַҡҡԴֻ˯ĸоҲûм֣ڴ̵һͷ˯
ַѵʱ򣬷һʪУƺʲôԼ
۾һֻſԼǰͷ˳ַٴַһڡ
Ȯʾ׽ľٶ
ַεҡҡͷѲ̱ŮνǹͲôϲˡ
ʱַоϱһ£ͷһֻӥֱȥʱʱֱһڡ
Ϊ̫Сӥ̴ʱɣֱַֻȥԴ֤ԼĴڡ
Ȼ֮䣬ǵһ棬ΪԼĴڣ̶ַֻ綼һַǳܵϤУǶֵַķǳǡ
Ҳ޵һôǳħ޼Ǳ¸ӦԼҲô׽ģӦħѾǻۺԼ뷨Ȳ
˰ɣȥҳԵġͨԼӦַ緢ֻ޶ѾꤣֻޣΪʳ
ֻȻСǶ͵ʳַڴֻǿ۷Ź⣬ڻַ֮ͬ󣬳˹ȥһҧĲϡ


055 
𿴲ǻСȴܴ󣬱ץ֮ټһֻûһ㷴֮׵ı㱻ɱˡ
һҧԴҧ
ǰɡ
ǰɡ
Դڲǵﱻ׽˷飬ȥ
ӥȴһҲż̵ߵߣſ䵶һʹ̴ëϸһѪܵһѼȥ
ǺӥȻͬһ֣ȴħ޵ĺᣬŲǻۣǻţĬĽǰʳɾ
Ժֻһ̲ѪɢëͷⶼֻС޳˸ɾ
ǻС͵ʳһǴǻ͵һ֡
Ҳַ˸ѣħޱϾħޣǿɲҰԾʧĳһҪǣĻܶ¶ˡ
ַ罫ֳһ飬ֻ޵ԴͥԺԼˣ
ֻޣַԿ˵绰֪һƽŷַҲԿѾˣһȥ
ַֿƤһۣƤݵڸǣҲǺ⣬һе˷֣ǾһĻ£Ŀǰ˵ȴûиõİ취ˣֻһһˡ

Сʱַֻ䣬ŲǺӥȥݼԿ
ʲôС񣿡һӣԿ㿴˲Ǻӥ
ַЦ˼ӥԴ͵ֻСӥҸȡ˸ֽм硣ֻСǲǣҸȡ˸ֽк
ӥǹԿĽе
ԣӥɲǹǴֵǣ;޴ĲǣڻСԿǳˣͿԿǵĲһˡ
ԿַĻûлɣֻɻĵֻһŪģûǲǲҧ˰ɡ
İɣǵ̺ܸߵģ֪˭ģֻҪҲǲ˵ģǵҲƭ㣬ҲͲ˵ˣԺлĻٸɡַ˵
ǣϤһ¡ַͬʱҲֻ޽йͨԿԼˣ׽
һ£ԿļϣԼԿգʾǡ
ǺҲߵԿĽűߣë׵ԴԿȽϲĦ
ĺôֻС޵ı֣ԿԾſС졣
Ժ㾪ȵĵطأַﰵЦ
ˣֻС𣿡ַǰ򵽵ֻʨȮ
ͦõģǵθںôÿٶҪԺü⡣ԿŽһָһֻӣֻС
ַ߹ȥһֻСﻥˣֺӹȥǳɰ
ϣͦģ첻ִһȦַЩ˵
Ǻ˶ӣƺŵֻСζ˹
˵Ҳ֣ŲǵĿֻСͻȻĶһֻСһɪɪҶ
ôˣһĻԿȡ
ǲǣֻСֻȮȮȻµˡַЦЦɵĽ͵
ַȻ֪ģǴֵĶħޣֻСѪħ޺ᣬѪͳʵ϶ŲСĲֻ࣬Со˲ǵϢȻŵɪɪ
ˣԼ棬Ҹһöַ罫һֻŵ˹ϣӣƿƿ޹޺Ƥᡣ
ַгһֻκгκһ׽׹һ˶ɫˮ
Ҹϡַſֽ֣˿ѩ׵Ĳϣڲһڡ
ллԿӣѾٵĺ
ϲ𣿡ַϲߵģסԿĶߵʵ
ţϲȻˮˮҪǮɣԿϵ׹Щˮļ۸
½ϴ󲿷ֵħʯ͵ˮʵؾȻ࣬Թ½ϵıʯû취˵۵ģ˹Ҳֻܵˮ۸
ڵϵˮȴҲû취˵½ȥۣΪϵˮûħġ
ַЦЦ˵˵ļ۸»㡣
ô󣿶٣
һʮ򣬶һģһ˾ǮҲûеط򡣡
һʮƭˣˮôġԿҡҡͷĲš
ΪͨˮַЦЦԿĶĶ˵һħʩħڸһġ
Կ͵͵ЦЦɲʲôħ˵Ҳͦģַһġ
Կû뵽鷢ˣĵУؿڵ΢΢һ£һζʵ

ôûƭɣȷħֽз
ԿԾı飬ַ翪ĵЦˡ


056 ķɿ

ӵħ
⵽ô£
ԿһҲû뵽ϾȻħֶ
ܶ飬ڶܺ˵ֻҪ㣬˲һˣ㣬Ҹסˣʲôѣһҡַ˵Ż˽ԼĻԿĴһǡ
ַûеóѣھԿ㴽ʮ׵ĵطĴεķ֮ܵ档
Ρ
ַˡ
ԿǿЦ
ַεҡҡͷ͵ǷҸղŽͷŷÿͷһΣһʹʮΣѾͷŵһΣͷžŴΡ
ÿεķܿάְСʱ֮ãȻܵʧԽǿʧҲԽ죬㻹Ҫע⣬ܲ޵еģǿһ̶ʱͻͻƷܣ˺㡣
һǹӵӦǴƷܵģֻҲҪע⣬ҪǹˣΪǹҲΣաַ羯
һȷѾ㹻ֵӵ˺ǲܳ־ãҲܽԵĵֿ
˷֮⣬ﻹоƿҩˮκҩˮǿʣӵԶ˵´ϻ˵ʱ򣬾Ͳûз֮ˡ
Կǰžƿҩˮֱһǻҩˮƿһҩˮƿһҩˮƿ
ȴǻҩˮʼַǻҩˮƿǣʾԿ¡
ԿζŷŵߣСڵĺȽȥ
оôʲôӦ𣿡ַЩŵʵ
ǻҩˮӦûиõģַ粻֪˵Կ֮᲻вӦ
оθůůģȻһ˳ż׵ꡣԿüüͷɵ˵
ͺãӦû⡣ַһ˺͹½࣬ҩˮգûʲôͬ
ڵĸоʧʱԺµڶƿҩˮǳؼΪֻеһƿҩˮҩȫգµڶƿҩˮʱ򣬲Ų˷ѵһƿҩˮҩ
ţ֪ˡԿͷڵȫʧֵźµڶƿǻҩˮ
˷ҩˮƿҩˮź˸ɾ
ڸоô
оܺã˵ô÷Ǹоܳ档
ͶˣȵǻҩˮҩˮҩˮҩˮͷӼ䣬ͬʱ棬ڵԸͨһҲûеġ
ôԿŵľһ֮ҡҡͷ˵ҲܣҪҲûá
ַ˵ԿԴЦ˵ֲҪȥܣֻԱѣԺϻ˾Ͳúˡ
ţԿҲϴε飬µĵ˵ͷ
ˣ㻹ҪǵЩҩˮ飬Ҫκ˵Ǵܴ鷳ַ
֪ģκ˵ġԿҲ֪أȻ֮ڿڡ
ЩôģԿ̲סʵ
ַЦЦ˵ܣΪãҲܸ㣬һһ𰸣ǲڡ
ˣʱҲˣ˯ɡ
ţȥ˯ˣҲϢ
õģҰͷһЩ鴦ã˯ȥɣԹԵġ
Կͷϴ˸ɵ˴ϣֻһʱ֮Կȴ˯ˣźö˼ġ
ַ翴ԿһۣЦЦԿԹԵĽƷһ顣
Ȼַ罫ռĶֽûõƷ˳ֽѡõľҩˮŵ˴ռ䣬һͿʱʹЩҩˮˡ
µľҩˮŵС
ͱ¡ħĴռǺߵľأַĿǰľǿ󣬴ռޣܽеħƷŵС
ֻװãַɳ㿪ʼڤ
ص½ʱַѾڹ½Թڤ룬ȷûзصԪأΨڵŻԪأܹʮٶȡ
ڤСʱַ֮ϰһСʱ׵ƿŴҴϴ˸裬Կ硣
ڶһ磬ַǱͷѵģַ۾ǺſǰЩֺõĶͷ
ϴһ󼢶ӦȻСһӶˡ
ǰĺַȴһֲԾĸоǰСƺ˲١
ַ羪ȵĴӴ۾ԼûпǺȷһȦͺѾ˺üһ㡣
ӥҲͬ飬ԭСһļҲŴһȦѾӥģ
һҹֻСһһȦĺÿ찡


057 Źʿ
ַЩôˡ
ħ޺಻һ࿿ʳﳤ󣬶ħ޲ʳﳤҲ֮ôΪǳɳҪ̫̫࣬ŵҪǧʱ䣬ܴɾ
ԽǸߵȼħ޳ɳҪҲԽ࣬Ҳħǿİء
ħ޳ʳ⣬տеԪزɳ裬ڵĿУȴһصıַΪԪصʣܹħͬʱҲܹħ޵
ַЩΪʲôֻħһҹ֮ͳһȦˣⶼΪԪصĴڡ
ԪܹʮħٶȣӦҲͿħʮٶȡ
һҹվ͵ڹʮ죬ѹֳһȦ
ַҲֻʨȮֻȮٶҲҪһȮһЩӦҲԪصĴйϵ
ʨȮǻѪħ޺ᣬֻӵһ˿ħѪͳ㲻ħޣҲǳ΢ûдħ޼ӥͺôԡ
һĺϢ
ַԼĺôõĺˣôԪصĴڣܹħҲַΪһѱʦ
ַЩ̷ع½ٹħֻ̣ȴͣ˽ŲΪַԼҲ֪鲻żһż׳Լܶ鷳ġ
ٵȵȣԼʵǿһЩٹħޡַǿԼ侲
ȥϴһˮˢַ緢̵գһ侲
СһĲַܵĽ£ַлַͬʱðһ뷨ˡ
ǲͨӦַ˵Ȼ˫ԲͨͨӦȴܹԷ⡣
СӥҲ˹ûѧ裬ֻܱ˲ǵԴϡ
СЩʵҡҡԴӥվĺûеֻӥƺЩη壬ҡһҡûҡ㲻ˡ
ַϴ۴ϵԿû㳯Ųһ֣˵߰ɣǳԶȥ
Сһ˱ݣַȥгһֻ˸Ƨĵطѻڵϣһ㳯Ż˹ȥ
ӥɾͱȲжˣȵҧűŴӻ˺¼
ֻ޳Եĺܿ죬ûʱ䣬ټһֻͱ޳ˡ
޵Ӧ˵ǶһٻǱȽģǸо̫
ַЦЦһĨָ϶ʱŻƶˮ顣
ӿɲͨĶһħһһħۼʮöңħÿһʱҪʳħ
ħ޵ɲô׵飬˵ǷǳǮһһħ޵ġ
ֻްɣǳʳ֮⣬ҪԵʳħһħɾʮöңʮǮ⻹޵ʱ򣬵ȵħ޽󣬾Ҫʳħˣħ˵ļ۸ħҪͨ˼ұҵҲħ˵ġ
ôһ˵Ϳ֪ħֳˡ
ȻԽرҲԽħ֮˵ĺðֱ֣սЭðգǳʵá
ħһóֻޱƨƨߵ˹ַ̯ƣһιһš
ħֻ޶ʱӦ
ǻȥɡַֻ֣ӥ˲ǵԴϣҡҡԴַ

ϣôĹ
ʲôôǣ
Ͳ˰ɣǹʿ棬ҲѩȮǹȮ
ǹʿ氡ĹƯġ
·˵ƤԴ̧ĸˣеƤߵĹʿߡ
ֻʿѪͳƤ黨˺üŴģֻ֮ʿ汦ĲˣܵĶֻʿ棬ⲻѵż˻ϼһΣҲѹʿ˻һҫһģŹʿ֡
ɢĹʿƺʲôĶ˶ӣƤ鳯ǰȥ
Ƥ鳯ǰһЦ˳˵ʲôĶأԭǷһֻС
ʿĺأʲô棬Ƥֻʿر׷С
ֻСƺŵģΪֻСͣһֻСԴϡ
ʿѾߵֻСߣצӣŪСԴϵ
ַ΢΢üͷº͵˵ѣ뿴ĹŵҼҵˡ
ƤѿЦЦνĵĺˣҼҵĹʿ治Ūģˣһֻ
һֻɵѣֲֵǮĶʲô˵ġ
棿治𡣡ַһŽµĲǷӦ
ַѿͣƺЦЦŹʿĽһ

һʿĶȴ׺䶥һ㣬ʿϵëصĽһתͷܡ
Ƥû뵽ᷢ飬ʿһһȣʱһֻڹһ㣬Ƥˤ˵ϡ
ǴֵħޣʱϢʲôһŭϢʱѸߴĹʿŵĿ񱼶ӡ
С棿
С棿
Ƥ鳯ŹʿֹŹֵĳźһۣҲ֪ովʲô飬ֻʱʿѾЩԶˣƤ˲ֻϽŹʿ׷ȥ
ոշʲôˣ
ˣֻʿôͻȻˣ
ֻСһʿͱ˰ɣ
Ϲ˵СôĹʿ棿
ַﰵԵ⣺棬ˬɡַҲ֪̫ҡ·˵ָָУϽСһ뿪˴˵ء


058 ·
ַصݵʱԿѾϴԡϴˢ
ȵԿϴϣ¥˵ȥ˶ͣСƽпȥ
ַļȻشũ壬ȴҲǾ÷ʩȴǽüãһ·϶ǿ·棬Ϊ·ãСƽУСʱ㹻ˡ
ǰˡ
·̵һ룬ַ糯Ŵ⿴һۣǰγײ·ߵϣγǰѾײˡ
γһڽĴŵ绰·ϵ֣Ƕڳ飬󲿷˾ǾԶ֮ģ·ȻгͨУȴûڴͣ¡
ַҲ鷳ܹ˵£ҲʩԮ֡
ַ翪Сڽγԣͣ
Ҫæ𣿡ַ糯Ÿʵ
ɷűڳˣܲæ̧һ¡ĨһˮϲĽе
ڳһ£ȥַԿ˵
ҸһȥԿҡҡͷҲ
ǰŵɷѾѪĻԹȥΪγͷرΣ˵ӱ棬һʱ̧
Ⱦ裬Ⱦ衣ɷһԴ˹ַ翴һۣ﷢ĺ
ַͷ³ڵһͻļȽű˵Ҳ˳
лллл˿ѪɷţѾ޵
ַ˵󣬻оȡ
ˣҡַ粻ԼǺˣܾ˵ĻᣬҲѪԹۡ
İɣѧҽûµġַ˸ѣַ˵긾һ
ַڿڴһ£ʵǽſڴڣӴռｫһƿҩˮ˳
һƿҩˮЧ̫ǿЧˣַɲֱӸ˺ȣֻһ˺һСڣʣµİƿҩˮ
һСҩˮ֮˿ڵѪֹסˣ˽ʱҲ˹
ллĵһллתͷߵĸףҽôˣ
ַĵҽˡ
ѪѾֹסˣʱûд󰭣ӦѾ˰ɣȾȻûˡַ簲ο
ллٴθмĳַͷ
ַ翴Ѿ£Կ͵͵ߵˣɲ;򽻵
ϣַһ߿һ߳ԿɨһۣЦôңôԺòã
ԿЦŴַһ£Դַֿ磬˵뿴һͨʲôͬǲǱ˸ˡôϡŹֵĶò˰ɣ˵ԿԼЩˡ
ǺǣǰͣҵĹһǶ½ооŮūԺлᣬҴȥҵĹַ͡Ц˵
ðԿҲЦŻӦȻҲûаַĻ档
һ·˵Цʱķɿ죬ת۾͵ƽС
СֱҽԺſͣȥԿĸĸ
ַܾٶԿѾЩϰˡ
ˣȥĿ𣿡˽ĸЦʵ
֮ǰԳȥ漸Ϊڵģĸдʡ
ͦõġԿ˵
ôʲôʱԳԺַ糯ŲϵԸʵ
ԸɫѾ࣬ԸЦЦ˵ҽ˵ûˣʱԳԺӲҳԺ˵ס죬ԼԺˡ
ͺáַЦŶĸ˵̣ҪˣǾͻȥҽԺȻ豸ãɱϾԼңмסҪָ壬һʵĻĻָ
ԣԣӻСĻɣǸϽȥסȥסҲĻָַæȰ˵ԸϽ˵
ȥסǼҵķӡĸΪѵĿַһۣ̾һ
Ըһ㣬ȻԼҵķˣȻ˵ַŮ˷ӣɱϾԼҵķӣѾ޼ҿɹˡ
˵ı飬ַ֪ڵʲôˣæ˵尢̣ҺͿķӣȻ尢̵ķӣһ˿϶ҪסһģҪʲô˴ˡ
ĸЩϲɻЩǵĵðɡȻ˵ַŮѵĹϵ˱Ͼûн飬Щ岻סַķЩ
ûʲôõģҲп֣Ƿӵİˣ尢ôͲסˣַҲ˵˵̣ȥҽʲôʱԳԺĻҾͰѳԺ
ǡСĸֹ˵ͷ
ȵַ뿪ԸЩԹĵ㰡㣬ⷿӺôַһƬ⣬ô˼ܾء
ϣԸͿñȽϿˣŮˣססķʲôϵ˵ˣַҲ˰δŮŮڰǼҲôһŮգǿ
㰡Ҳú˵ĸﷳƣֲ˵ڣˡ
˾ǴĴ⣬һŮַ羿ʲôϵڻ˵أŮסլסҲΪŮۡ
ҪŮַܹͺˣŮ˳
ĸҡҡͷ̾һⶼ


059 ¸ĸ
̣ҽ˵ԳԺˣԺҲˣҪʰʰ¾ߣ
Уʰһ£¾ߡĸӦ
Ŷַ硣ĸͻȻʲô˵ڵüˣҸ绰⼸춼ûҲûϵǡ
Ŷʲô°ַȴ֪ԼӦΪҩˮ顣
û˵ҿǺͦżģӦʲô°ɣҪȥʣ
ַЦЦọ̃Һֲ죬ʲô£ǻʰʰϽ߰ɡ㿴ʱ䶼ˣպûȥ
СĸҲû룬ͷӦ㿪ʼʰ
ַûƨɵİãȻܾĺ⣬ôڲŻҪҩˮȴҲûˡ
̫࣬ʰһ£ٵԸ·ԳԺˡ
ϣһ˸ճţӭպӺ򸾡
첻Ӻɫֲ࣬ؽ㣬ۺףȻǾʹ޵Եʡ
Ӻһ㶣֮ϲĳַ纰ˡ
šַͷҲ䵭
Ǹϴ˵飬ܸܲһԣӺ˵
ŮԽԽˣҲʵĹ裬ֻĿŮȥӺѾһ취ҲûˣǷ·ץס˾һ㣬ϣŵַҩϡ
ϴε飿Ŷ˼һѾһλõˣǲ˼ַҡҡͷһİĪ
Ӻɫˢıˣַ֪ĻǼ٣Ҳ֪ҩûЧַֻѾϣַ˵͵ϣûˣûϣˡ
ģģ㻹ҩԲԣؽһץסַ֣ధ
Ĳ˼ҩֻһƿѾõˡַҡҡͷľܾ
ҩֲǴϼģҪҪҪͲҪһԣôõ顣
ͨ
һԵӺһӹַǰҴˣĴˣˣ϶ҩģҸ㵱ţˡ
ַЩҡҡͷԲûҩˣҪˡ
ҴˣҴ˰ӺˣƴĽԴ㵽˵ϣ˵ĳַͷ
Ӻ֪ҩûЧӺһ뵽һҩЧΪԼľܾȴŮͺڵֱȥȥ
Ҹͷˣ㣬ȾɰɣôСؽҲַƴͷ
ַ磡Կҡҡֱַۣ͸һ˿֪ʼĩ²⣬ӦַԾɡ
¸ĸģΪ˾ԼŮӺԼ涼Ҫˡ
尢̣ȥ¥µңһ
Ҳȥɡ
Ǻã¥µ㡣
ַֿϵˣ˵ɣ˿˱Ͼá
лллл˵ſͷվ˿ͷʱ򶼼ΪʱǵĶͷѾһƬ࣬Ѫ
Ȼϴξܾңǲٹģɵȷ޹ģҲ뺢ûоδ뿪硣
¸ĸģȵˣҲȥĸˣַҡҡͷ߽ɵĲ
ɣǵ𣿡
ţҼ塣
ϴμȣԵøˣ޾ɵڲϡ
ȥ𣿡
룡ɿĳŴ濴˹ȥ
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ַӻ֣ҲҪͣƿžͳȥˡ
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ѪĺˣһԵӽܴһһ˿Īľ⣬۾ɿ


061 ܰ
ַֻǾԼ£ҽԺ淢飬ȴȫġ
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ǰǶϷӱȣڵ¼Ҽֱһ
һƽףôķӣҪǮǺǣüأܲ𡣡ĸЦǺǵ˵ʱַĿ⣬ҲԽԽϲŮûа
尢̣Ǹǵģ̶ѾŪˣֱסַָһ䷿䣬Ұ˽
òãͺˣС簡ϽſȥĸϽ˹ַϢ˳㿴ӡ
У忴Űɡַ˵ţԸɳҴ˵ӻ
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Կڳкһ϶˳
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ϣԭǻôˣѹֻᱻءŵĺΣԸȻ
ԸַͬԿȴĿţԿץסַ֣Ѿ亹
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ѳ˵飬ȥһ¡ַԿ˵һųüš
ַ粻֪ƽԼȥʲô飬ҲûпԼСֱ⳵ȥĿƵꡣ


062 μ
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⼸ˣҲ׷Ȱһ£ϾԼˣܲ۸ˡ
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ϤһЦɨһۣǳϵ˵С㣬Ȼǲŵһμ棬ȴѾסˣ֪ûܹ׷ء
ƳһһҲֱ̫̫˰ɣҪ׷Ҳʰ
⣬ƷǳԻش𣬴ӦɣǾһ鷳Ϥ϶Źƨҩһմ˵Ӧɣֵˣ˳˵Լϼ塣
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ǼðѣҲôҵģرôˣ͸ˡ
ŵ绰һʱԥ
ʶУʵѡ̫࣬Ҫ̫ҪѾɼңʶʿڳҲʶͲġ
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ԥȷ벻ѡַ˵绰
ʮӺַᣬһ۾Ϳ΢΢Ƶơ
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Ǹ̫ԣˡַ绺ĳ§֫ϵ֣ԴһĨɫ
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ϷҲ˵ʳɫҲ֮˵ҿɲˣǼƷˣҲֵġַǲ˴Ȼ
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ƵԿȫͬڳ䣬ҲǴеַͣϲĴ࣬ҲϲƵ
ַҲ֪Լ̫ģ̫Ƕ˶ϲԼַ粢κΡ
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ȻϵˣַﰵȻ֪ˣﻹЩʧ䡣


064 
ַܿ͵̬ЦЦΪĵҪ˵СҿǳС
УĲ⣬ʲôгУ
ˣһҹ߰˴εˣͽгСַȭͷŵԼš
Цƾ޶壬Ҳ˵ԼǳУ㻹һҹ߰˴Σ㲻Լ
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һ죬ʧȥԴĵݱƶ˶¥һ¥֮䣬ڣ˲˺ڰС
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˵ʲôڰУƽͷַļϣ۾ʵǲ˵֮ǰҪҪһŮ飿
Сȷʣַʱ˼
һЦô࣬µͷֲ𣿺ǺǣĻһῼһԣ˰ɣҿɲ뱻˷֣Լڵ̫ˡ
˵ҲеԼһ̣Ҳ֪Ǻ߻Ǿƾá
һ𣿡ַĶ̲ס̽ʵ
ǺǣŶһ𣿡ѾַָĶ˵
㿴ҸҲҡַһתͷͻȻоԼ촽ƬϣǡƵĴֵ̫ˣһĴ߸ɲˣټһɣϰ˵㻹һ¡


065 ҹͣϣ
˭Ҳûϵᷢ飬һ㶣Ƭ촽ôĴһ
ֽӴҲǳݣӣһҡԴ㽫촽ֿˡ
ԲҡַȵǸ
˵ˡַļϣĴһ£ֹ˵ȥ
Խ˵ԽΣȷǲ˵ĺá
ַƵȷЩĶĶǰĽ֮飬ûΪԼôɵĳ̶ȡ
Ը⣬Ը⣬ƲԸ⣬ôҲ⡣
οַѾԿǵķйȱŮˡ
ڰĵ˻ˣأ˭Ҳûп˵
һ죬⴫ôͬʱ˺ûڣ
ڣڣǡЩĴ
ĵĵһȣѾ˵ݣϾͺá
ʱ
ˣûˣȥˡַЦ
˵ƴַһ£ɫҲ
ˣǸϤô£ôҪðѣַʵ
ƿյ˵ˣһΪǣҪǲ˵ҵѣ϶ô鷳ˡ
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ǺǣǸѶҲЦ˶٣˵˵ҲûԿ㱧ôá
⵹ġַЦЦյƵĶߵ˵ãұú᲻뿪ˡ
ƵĽУַɿһʱһ챻˿ˣһӴ򿪵ĵ
ַĸ֪Ѿ֪ʱ򿪵ţǰһ
Ƭ̺ھԱİ£뿪˵ݡ
Ƶ귽ڵ¼ֵıǸҲ⳥ˣַڴȴ׷ҲǱˣľƣ֮£ҲֻŸϽؼңھƵ꾭Ĺ£뿪˿Ƶꡣ
Ƶһɫַۣ粻ҲóҪһ
Ѿ˲پƣֱַܿġ
Ʊ˵ַڸʻϱĿϢַ糯ɨһۣϵִ򿪣ǰȥ
Сʱ󣬰ɫ۵ޱ԰⣬ųڿһۣȷ֮ŷС
Ƶļһɫڱſͣ
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ѾˣԼȥģԺɲҪҲŶƳַգգۣЦúġ
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ûϵҲԿַ̧˫֣˸ӵơ
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㰡ˣҲˣȻҪȥôһȥãɣȿߣٿҡ˵
⵹ˣƳ̳ͿˣһһҪ㣬ҪǽĳȥϷˡַ͵
Ƶͷ˵Ǿˡ
²ʵϴεĽײûɣô͵ôڿˣ
û취ҪŮ˱Ƚ϶࣬ϴεǧѾĲˣٲ˵ҼﶼҲˡַЦ˵
㣬㻹ŮҪǺǺǣЦŴַһ£ѹͲַ˵ǡ
ˣȥɣƳַ˻֣Ҳַ˵ĻᣬŤűβ߽˱
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ܽӴַһѻַԿ˸绰ȷԸĸѾ˯ˣϽƳ̳ȥˡ
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¥µĹϣλھس̣ӵĽѾ˲ٵͷѾȺʱˡ
ַһĸоӵעŵԼϡ
һǳԼģ
ãվеͷ˵ϣزһš
˭
ַüͷľ衣
΢΢һЦƽ˵ãҽӽܣ


066 ҹͣУ
ӽܣ㣡
ַˣɵĲǰйһ֮Ե
ַ糯ŶϸһۣʵӺֵܣ
ǳӺĵܵܡӽַܶĿٷӦ൱ľȡ
ӽȻǲ֪ģַȹƿǻҩˮڤĴѾһ˲һˣһ˵ķӦҲҪࡣ
ʲô£ѵģַ۾ӺǴӦԼҩ˵ȥģôܵ
ˣҴҵģҴ磬Ҳ֪סӽԵĸоַľ裬˽͡
ӽܲû˵ַûиӺԼļͥסַӺҲǲַ֪סġ
ҿҲ˵ĵطȥҸطһôӽ
ַͣԭأϬĿ⾶ֱĿӽܣһֱһ֮ãӽܵϳһϸ΢亹ŵȻ˵С
룡ӽһַɢƣѹ
εѹӽȷַ粻һˡ
Сʱһ¥İ
Զӽܿ˵Ĺ軹㲻ҪҪһԣ
Ҳáַ˵ͷҪӽܹʲô
һݴɡӽܳԱ˵
õģλԵȡ
Ƭ̺һλ۵Ϊ˹裬ǳĽַǲģֻǿŶԷŵݲַҲһѵõӾܡ
ַĿţȵһˮݺãַ緢Լ飬ȻҲѵõƽҲǹڡ
롣ӽ˸ƣȾеĲ豭һڣֳһĨɫ
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ַɾûƷˣһڱѲˮȥڷ㣬ζǶַ˵Ҳֻζѣںȵĳ̶ȣƷ
ӽַܿһۣ΢ЦȲ߱ݴ
ַҡҡͷ˵ǵǣҾһˣƷĺûʲô趼һģûʲôϰ߲ϰߵģʱҲˣǻ˵°ɡ
ҲáӽܵͷԷԱ˵鷳ȥ£ûǵк벻Ҫñ˽
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ûʲôֵģŮѵĲɲĸڣּһ棬ټǸˣҪҵҲѡַ侲˵
ʣʣ㲻ȥ죬ʵ̫ϧˡӽϧ˵
ôڣ㵱Ϊ£Ȼ޼»統̵ĺáַЦ˵
Ҳ˵ģûкþάˡӽҡͷ˵
ѵǾ죿ǾĻõôΪ˵
ӽܵͷϵ˵ĲǾ졣
ַӶʱ֪ԼңֻǿѹеĽţƽʵȺͣӦòͨ˰ɡ
Ǿ죬ûʲôͨͨģֻұһľְҪһЩţǹֳָ
Ȼ׼ַ绹һôҲû뵽һλֳָȻ
ַһ䵭˵ξֳæбҪΪС𣿡
ˣҿһҲûΪ˼ӽζĵҲСﰡƾҿҲΪѲ
ξֳҲϲĨǣʲôֱ˵ɡַԽ侲Ĵ㡣
ӽܵͷСĵ˵ǴӻһģҽʮľУҽӴɫɫĸְӣҲŹŹֵ飬֪ϵȷһЩӴ
ûϴĻӦҲеһԱǲҲǳ߱
ӽ͸¶Ϣַ𾪣ϹȻǴڳȻߣ
ַһɭȻ˵ȻǾֳǶ˵һвڣһַܹڷ֪Խ࣬ҲԽ졣
ԼɭȻַ罫еӽܵϣӽܴȥ˼ľѹӽܵѾһϸܵĺˮ
ӽܵҲǼѣһѵ˵ðأֻѡ
ǺǺǣˣҪͨ𣿡ַЦ˵ͬʱ׵ƿӰŷڵͣڵĵƹʱ˸
Ϣ䣬ڵĵƹ˸ӽܺʱ飬ʱð亹
ӽܼѵĿ˵ҪҪģֻҪᣬκ˶Ҫѣ֪ܶͨ飬Ϊֳҿ϶Ҳܹﵽĵط
ӽ˵һҲôǿֻҪҪѣοַûǿ˵ĵز
ӽ뽻ѣַҲǳ⽻һλֳ
ӽһ˵Ȼ֪ȷ˵Ĵڣ֮ǰȴδӴֱ֪ɵİѪͻȻˣҸʹɩıô֣ʶĹŹ֡
벻ҪҴɩǵȷؿƿʲôҲû˵ҲǿžݺͶİ참飬ҵ㡣
֪϶Ըⱻ˴ţĺʶѣðǰԭ¡


067 ҹͣ£
ַüͷоƣҵңôף
ĻôǺܶ˶ͨϵ漣ҵԼˣ
ӽȻַ֪ڹ˼ʲôҡҡͷ˵ףҲҲĺˣҶʹɩˣҲҽԺβˣĿǰӦûܹҵˡ
ӽôȴΪַһ飬ַ֪ǹˣȴҲ⡣
˵ַĿԵĻĵƹ⣬Ҳ˸
ƹָӽһӽܾһ֣ص˵Ѫ缲ȴܹҩó϶ͬһ㡭
ַһ֣Ȼ˵ϻͲ˵ˣ֪㾿ʲôĿġ
ӽһЦ˵ҡڵְλǿԼŬһģǵڵļͲǵŬ㹻ˣһҪͬһͷЯ
ǺܿϧͷûпɽҵҲͻĿǰ˵ֻڸְֳݡ
ӽܵԳһֲʵɫ˵Ҳ֮һµµΪҡȥĹ٣֪ܹҴԸҹԽ󣬶ҲԽ
֪ɵİѪͻȻκõʱӽܵͷͶ˼֪Լˣ֪ԼĻᵽˡ
ɷӽǸԣٵҰģҲ٣μҼҾһ㣬ӽȻٰŬҲֻ˸ֳλãߣѾǲܵˡ
ַ֪Ĵ֮ӽ֪ԼĻˣҲӽַԭ
㲻Ϊ˱ܣɱڣַ˵
£ţˣĻҲͲҽɵİѪˡҲӽַܻһԭ򣬷ĻӽҲ
ӽܵĻַЩĶַƾʲôӽܵĻ
ַ˵ƾʲô㡣
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ӽܿЦⷽ棬Ҳûá
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Сʱӽ˯ֵַƬ̣ûп쳣뿪
Ŀǰ˵ӽܵΪƺûпɵĵط
ȻҲųӽ̫û¶Ŀܡ
ɷӽܵ˵ǣȷַĶˣܹύһλֳָڵַž޴İ
һеǰᣬǽûıĻϡ
Ըӽܵûĺְɡ
ص·ʱԿѾ˯£ַԿգûнѡ
ϴˮ裬ַСʱڤһСʱ׵ƿ֮Ȼ˯
ڶ죬ַ˯ʮ𴲡
Թһټ򵥵緹ַʻСǰ鱦ꡣ
ƣˣôûڵ𣿡ַƴ˸绰
ڶʮһˣһû𴲣浱û˵
ַһЦûλСƢͦġַȴһܰĸоڻ˵Ѿûа˿ˣˡ
νҪˣɾļ޲ˡַ翪Ц
ҲŲأҪûҪ˱ˣô㻹ȢȢ
ַЦ˵УҪûҪ㣬㡣
ȥɡ绰һͷƿĵЦ
Ƭ̺С鱦ĺţѾſЦеĵȴַ磬ȵͣ£ַкһָԱʼ»
֪ǣеһԱŰڼ䣬Ѿ͵͵ĸĳ˴˵绰


068 鷳
γΧһۣΧûע⣬̶㵽һߣ͵͵Ĵ˵绰
ˣһ飬ǴӺС˽ġ
õģģʲôٸ绰Ǯ
лллл
ҵ绰γһ뵽ҪֵǮ϶ʱֳһĨŨŨϲɫ
ڴ֮ǰγѾһʮǮǮ̫׬ˡ
γ֪ԷʲôˣԷԳǰģ˺γǮѯ飬ǮķϣγһԵİ֪鶼˵˳ֻϧγ֪Ҳ̫࣬Ҫγ£ȵٴʱҪγ͵͵ĸ绰
ǮǺöγѾǮˣһ̸˵绰

ʵˮϤ
µ绰ˮϽϤ㱨٣ˣһ顣
ϤʴܵΪ١
ˣϤһֻԻᱻСطΪЩصȻ顣
ƽֲǴгҪΪ˴̽ϢΪϼŵֱϵӵܣϤǲġ
ϼϢҲ̫࣬ϤҲżȻĻ֪£һͬϤ̾뵽о޴̻
ļЩȻҰ飬ϤȴúܲԾΪȻҰϡ٣ȻżãҲܴһ֡
Ϥ²⣬ЩνȻҰˮ飬˹ֳ飬ֳֻӸܹԼ棬Ҳ鲻
ôһҰֳôһޱȾ޴ĲƸϤΪ֮Ķˡ
Ϥ¸ϵϵܻҲͬ˶ӵ뷨Ӧڵ˷һֳָ
ûнڼй͵͵Էչڵص壬ϤɵƽУͼϤĽֳõ֡
¼ȥˡ
Ϥƽ֮ƾ޴ĲƸ磬ڼ̵ʱھʹƽ̨˿ϼҪƽдչȭſչҵˣϤȴĵԴ鱦˺γΪӦ
ϣϤҲǽӽƣһ̰ͼƵɫһҪԭûȡܡ
Ȼ֪ϤͼǶϤ޺øУٳѣ˺¼ķ
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ڵȵϢˣϤܵ˵һãתͷˮ˵ˮĲ³֮ǲģȥ鱦һˣҪҪܹ֪Ǵ˳ˣǾòˡ
ˮվֱӣ˵үͷİɣ֤׵á
ͺãСĵ㣬ȥɡϤˮļĵͷ

İ˵ǲѣҪǼ۸ʱ򣬾ͱȽ鷳ˣҪһһŵļ㣬ܷʱ䡣
鷳ȻԱַֻҪһȲͿˡ
ôˣôĿתĶǿĸŮˡƷһȲ裬ЦЦ˵
ַջؿԱĿ⣬ҡҡͷ˵룬Աãʲô鶼ԼֻҪԸһȻΪá
ʲôϡģ㲻ҲԱ𣿡ƲΪ˵
ַЦЦû˵ʵַǹ¼ҹһûԱҲˣԽַ翴Щ鱦Աʱ򣬲п
ַѾڿǲԼҲЩԱΪԼ飿аֵĻԼ⽫ĸ󣬶ԼҲӵɣŻиʱ䣬ħ
ַҲԼĹǣΪϵ̫ˣҵһЩĿɿԱǸ⡣
ˣǺ˵¡һĶͷİա
͸ú˵ˣô飬һˡ
ʲô飬Ҫ𣿡ַʵ
ҪˣȥҰ칫ٺ˵ƳΧһֹۣȻ˶Ӳ˵
ҲУǾ͵һ˵ɡ
ЩĻ⣬ʱ佥ȥʮʱǰϡ
߰ɣȥҰ칫̸
ƽ칫ҴŹغã˵ȰѽĻĻǧ㿴嵥ǲ⡣
ؿˣ㡣ַҡҡ֣΢Ц˵
Ǻãҵ¸
˶٣ƽ˵˵£ûϴĻǵ齻ף鷳ˡ
ַһ㶣ɻʵ鷳ʲô鷳


069 Բߣϣ
ַһ㶣ɻʵ鷳ʲô鷳
ϵ鷳ģֻû뵽ôˡ
̾һԽԼ̫Ѩ˵ǰʱλԱ˵λҪǮϢǮҲ¸ˣţֹһˡ
Ѿˣڴ⡣
˶ǮۿģˮҲ벻ԷǮ֮תʹСˡ
ҵûʲôرģܴʲô⣿ַ̯̯֣ʾԼĲ⡣
治װͿû˵
ַ֣ص˵ģҶĲ
Ҳˣ龿ģҵһҲ˽⣬ôõԴģͷ۵ֱ̫Ѩ
ַЦҸҵ鶼ǴɽĺڳģŲţ
ţưַһۣȻǲŵġ
˵ðɣȻ㲻Ҿͺú˵˵
гϵ󲿷ֶ˹ֳ飬ȻΪǷ飬ҲԳ֮ΪȻ顣ҰȻ飬Ǻټġ
飬֮Իۻ𱬣ǿҰͷͨȻĻǲôôߵļ۸ġ
еԶ׼ˣЩҰأҰ黹ǸֳԷҪ˵ĳֳ䷽˵𣿡
ַҡҡͷ˵ԴҵܣҲ˵
εҡͷ˵ɶǿԣǶԱ˾ͲˡЩһΪڳܣ϶ǧټƵʩչֶΣҲĵĵط
֪Ϊʲôڱغ飬͵۵ǱȥҲΪ˱鷳ôģû뵽鷳ˡ
ַ鲻˽⣬ֻôƷԼ鲢û̫ϡĵطӦòע⣬Ҳַڴ󵨴ԭû뵽ͨ飬˿ӵĿ⡣
ǹ½ЩѾͨĶˣѾͨͨ˶мһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ַĽǶȿЩûõĶҲûаЩϣǡǡЩ۵飬鷳
ҵҲǱ޶ͷˣĻСЩġưյ˵
Ҳ̫ˣˮڣûʲô˵ġַ簲ο
̳սô򵥵顣ҡҡͷ
鷳ѾˣٺҲûˣǸô鷳ɣַ侲˵
Ǻã˵˵
ƿַ磬֣صʵұһ䣬龿ôģԷͨҵԴ𣿡
ַشԴҲ˵˵ҲûãҿԿ϶ĸ㣬ԷܴҵԴţΪ˰ȫҽڿʼжĽףҲȥˣȷȫ֮ǰҲȥ顣
һַͶϵ˾ԴΪ˰ȫ룬ȴҲǱôġ
Ҳãͣһʱ俴һӰ𣿡Ƶǵʵ
ᣬȫ˵㣬˵ͿԲַ˵
һº֣Ϊֻ֪ģǲ鲻֮󣬿»֣Ҫȥһ㣿
ºҵ£ʵû㣬׼ҵӣҵ߰˸ǽҵġΪլԺܣַ绹治ܵһ㣬ΪƷģַֻϹˡ
׼ҵӣļٵİƾȵ
ĺˣûҪƭ㡣ȻǼٵˣַ粻ģֻô˵ˡ
ȴȤ²ʵȥѧʲô书ڹ𣿡
ַЦڹƭ˵ģ˵׼ҵӣ书ǲᴫڸҵģֻѧƤëԸͨ㹻ˣ书Ժ˵ɣôԸ鷳¡
УԹ
ЦЦ˵飬Ҳ֤ȫ϶ԷûжԸˣţһҪСģǶԷͨ;Ը㣬˵ʵ鲻͵ɣ
ַ練ʵ϶˵ʧ𣿡
ַ룬ֲĵʵ϶ǶԷҪֶͨζԸңҪʲô飿
ֶͨεĻ;ˡ
ƽ˵Ȼ˵˵ԴԷͻƿڣٱɣ㲻Ҫ˵ģҪ˵ģֻǸ飬龿㲻֪飬ͰƵϡ
ַ羪ȵʵô죿
ЦЦ˵ƵϣƵϺˣʱҾ˵Īеˣȥˣֻܻɣû֤ǲôˣ˵ҿɲӡ
ллַϵ˵
Ƶ˺ܴķգַܹܶ鷳
ַ̲סʵֵ
Ц㲻Ҫ˵òã˵ôҿһۡ
ҪǿѵķϣΪԸ鷳
֮ǰַֻͨѣǾݵƶַĸйѾȻ˱仯ҲǽԸַԭ
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070 ԲߣУ
ַһ£˵Դûˣ÷ĻˣĿ˰ðɡ
ϴεǧһεǧ򣬼νѾһǧˣôһʽԷĲû鲻ġ
뱻Է鷳ôһʽȥͱ봦ɾ
˵޶ƲԴַɻʵ
޶ƲԴָҹԱĲƲ֧ԳϷ룬޴󣬱˲˵ԴǺϷΪ
֮ǹԱǲġ
˵ֲǹԱǮǮٹҲŲأֻҪҲǮǷǷ֤ݣҲû޵ģҪ˵˰⡣
϶ҪǮģôشҪ㽻˰ôش𣿡
ַЦ湻鷳ġ
˵þ״Ǽ򵥵顣˵ˣҪǰ鴦׵ûһѱץסȻҲû鷳ˡ
Ҫôдأ̵ַ
ⷽҶҲǺܶ࣬ҪõĻרҵʿ˵
Ҳʶˡַҡҡͷ
ˣϱǷģ绰ʰɡεҡҡͷóֻ˵绰
ιǳʦеһ¡
ţġŶõģлл
Ƹ°ʦĵ绰ͨˡ
ôַʵ
ʦǸҳ˸ֱӵķӣͲ֪Ҳˡ
ʲôӣ
ƿַһۣ˵źܶ˶ùǽǮ
ǮַЩãͽǮʲôϵ
תһ룬ַЩ׹ˣ˵Ǯ
ԣҽǮôǮԴͿԽˣҲԺܺõĽб˰
˽˼ĽܲҲ˰ɣ
ǶʱЧҲ򵥵ķԺĻǿʿ˵ķʽĥƽ˵
⵹Ǹ÷ٿǮгˡַ۾һ򵥶Чķǳ͡
ҪǱΪʲôôǮô죿ַüͷ
ЦЦ˵ܺýģ㶼ҵˣֱ˵Ůѽĺˣ㲻ɣ
㣬Ҳ⡣ַҲЦ
ȻǮ˵Ҳ©ٱʲôǿҲһ˵ùȥɡ
ƽ˵ҲҪעһ㣬鱦ȻҰְִǱϾǼҶʵҵǮ˵ǲҪ̫֪ĻȻĻǵ鷳
Ҷʵģַ
ҡͷ˵ǣ鱦ҵĲҵֻҸ׵зչģﳤڸ׹͵ķϣ鱦ǼҲǴɶռ˰ٷ֮ʮһĹɷݣʣµĹɷڼļλϡ
ַͷ˵ĻҾˣڽǮĽڣܲҲᾡõġ
һ鷳˰ɣ
ô򵥣Щֻ鷳ԷᶯʲôֶΣ뵽ġƿûַôֹۡ
ǺûأʵұȽϲΪǿַ絭˵ͫһ˿ľ⡣
Ϊǿ˵ɡַ˵Ʋмһˡ
ˡЦûעļ۸𣿡
ʲô˼ַ粻
ƽ͵ļֵĴСɫԲ̶ȾģԽԽֵǮɫԽԽֵǮԲԽԲԽֵǮ覴ԽԽֵǮһһʱϵԽƥԽֵǮ
ʱǰеһԵĶ˹ڼ۸ʱ൱Կġ
飿ַһ뵽ŵô
ļ۸ˮֺܴģС֮䣬ʮļ۸ֻнзּüǮ˵
ַЦ˵ƣһ㵱ɺˣôҪϢôû˵
ưַһۣЦе˵֮ǰֻҵ飬һԸһԸıҪ𣿡
ˣˣ˵㡣ַЦЦȴоůůģƵǱ̨Ѿˣ֮ǰ飬Ѿˡ
ַҡҡͷ˵ڶˣ˵Щʲôã
˭˵ûõģ㻻Ƕȥ룬ȫҲԼģҿĸãĸ󡣡
˵˵ַȤ
Ƽ˵ڽͲԴ£ģ鷳ǮṩƷʣȫԼгƷӹԴ֮Уѡϵƥֻ̫࣬Ҫʮ㹻ǧĸ߼ۡ
ɢ׬ǮҲȫ
ĻҲȻͲԴַɻ
˵ʮĻͲ͵ģ˵Թģҹгô˭˵ʲô
Ҫ鷳Զһ㣬еϲεĴ󸻺ֻҪ֤ȫЩɲġ
гǲɽÿʮڵΣ˻


071 Բߣ£
ôõ⣬ǲ׼Լģ
ַȻѹ֮ǰչʱôˬ죬ԼǩںͬԭԶĴ㡣
ǵȻȻĻƾʲôôߵļ۸չ飿Ȼ˵
㰡Ǹ⾫ַЦ˵ǶƵĽ飬ȴѾȻܣԺٳ飬ͻᰴƵĽˡ
ôӦôأַ¡
ʵܼ򵥵ġƱ㽫еϸ˵һ£ռ򵥣ֻҪһ̨Ӽ㹻ˡ
鱦мӹ豸ַֻ֣Ҫѡ飬鱦мӹۣͿˣȻַҲԹһ̨豸Ϳ׵Լӹ顣
ΪǸߵ̫࣬ǲעģֻҪСһͲ鷳˵
ַͷ˵Ǻãʱֹͣȵȥٴһϵ
һᣬǽ©ĵطˡ
ϣ㿴ˣŮ㹲𣿡ַ翴ʱ䣬Ц˵
ðɣôϵķϣ͸һ͵ĻɡҲЦ
Ŷ˸㸶ˣȵȵȣȥòѻȥ
Ƭַֻ̺յеĻţʾ˻ǧԪټ֮ǰ죬п໹ǧӡ
һʿӣַǲȱǮġ
Ǯյ˰ɣ߰ɡţַЦЦ
ˡ
˳ȥַʵȻ֪Ա˱ˣ㲻Щһҳ𣿡
ЦЦ˵ҵҳҲ
˼Լڳϣô֪˭ڼ飿
⵹Ҳǡַ粻ĬҲţԼĹ˾ҪôеڼץأҪǣҪôֹ˾Աأ
ⲻܺܺýĻҲҿչԼҵˣϾ̫࣬ǲܳͽġ
ʵҲûʲôġַĬ˼ЦŽ˵κһҵкȺ֮ĴڣҪȫžķǲܵ飬ֻҪ㹻棬ײԱǺױģΪһҵĹߣǸҪעǸ߲档
ҵܵģֻҵļ߲㣬Щ߲ҪСĶԴģΪ٣ԵĽм죬ǲġ
ȻҲǾˣо仰˵ĺãֻоԵ棬ûоԵҳϣֻаѹ˾һһپһЩһŲա
ϣַ˼ĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ棬ҲǺҪһأƽʱ˫ĺûҲӰ֮һ
ƿַͷһ㣬ָϵѧʡ
ҵȤĻҸƼ飬Ӧûѧʡ֮ܲ·˲š
õģҼˣȥҾַͷ鼮ͻȻȷǿҵѧϰ
ٴ֮ǰַֻһͨˣѧϰûʲôرģַԹǻҩˮӵмĿѧϰҲҲ֪ҪԼŬѧϰ᲻һѧң
ţֵڴ
˵䣬Ѿӵ߹
ͻȻַ糯ŽɨһۣŽһԱЦЦ
ôˣַͻȻͷ΢Цɻʵ
ոǸԱ˭ַʵ
ǺγҵҲˣԱôˣ⣿Ƶϴžɲ
û⣬Ҳ֪϶йַ˵
ô֪ƶַ˵Ȼǲôŵģֲʶ㿴һ۾֪й
ַҡͷ΢Цѧ֮ˣҵйۺͨǲһģҶڱ˵ĿǳУ˿ҶǴ󷽷ģǸղСӿȴ͵͵ҪйΪǲġ
ҿɾҪúòˡƵͷַ˵Ѿ߷֣ΪַûƭıҪ
ַ˵һСԣɲʲôֻ֣˸֪֪õǿΧĻ仯ĿעӷǳС
߳鱦ַĸоһĿעӵԼϡ
ַ粻ɫĳ߿һۣĿһڽγ֮ڡ
ĿһֱַϣֱַƵڣջĿ⡣
ȻҲλĵļһ
ȥĳԣƽ
㡣ַĲɵ˵
УǾԱһҰɡƵͷȥ˸һҲ͹ݡ
˵һʱѾ˾Ͳ͸߷ڣæϲ˵ٶȷǳ졣
ôˣոճ֮󣬾µӡеķַĲͬ
û¡ַҡҡͷǰɨһۣһڵͷԷ
ַȴ֪ǸոոԼļһ
óֻа棬ֻϵͷöַһ
Էڽ͵ġ
ַһһ﾿ʲôˣ


072 ֮
Ϊ֪ԷʲôˣԸҪ֪Էʲôˡ
仰˵Щìܣȴַĵʵдա
ַѾˣȻڳ緹֮
ǼһҲģŷһֱȵ˳Ȼ˳
ƻ鱦ַԼССԶĸһڽγ
СŽ⿪Сγһ·β档
γڵˮ˷쳣ֻҪһΰˣܹҵԴأһ͡
СѾ˽⣬һС·ʻͻȻǰСͣΪ·խǰĵ·Ѿȫס
ˮɫһ䣬ǰ濴һۣҵţӦǶԷêˡ
ǰ·խѾȥˡ
ˮַ³ĳ⺰ѣêˣ
ˮͨ˵ĲֻǴһӵĸǻ
ַ粻˹΢Ц˵Ǹ۵˰ɣ
ǰǰˮЦЦЩ裬Ҳû̫⣬ϾԷҲֻһСӣԼҲһġ
۵Ǹõط˵ǻƽأôܵˣַߵĸˡ
ô׬ڵػһЩˮЦеӦһ䣬ͷ˳׼ˡ
ڵػǲ٣׬ǮҲûҵ鷳ǾĲˡַɫȻв֪ʶһ˸ŵ绡ĸѹ
ˮ֪ãһţγ͵ľҪȥ
ʱϵһһǿҵĵˮϣˮƺһһͱ˹ȥ
ʧȥˮĿƣγ˵·棬һײ·ԵĻϡ
ַ첽ǰţˮʱˮ°ĭѾ˹ȥ
ַ罫ˮŵ·ߣѲһ飬˴Ѳ顣
ˮ֤͹֤֤֤ĸ۵ˣ֤дϼž
ϼţַ۾һ˿۵һ
֤źãַ罫ԲѵˮϵСĳڡ
ַ˴С·ͣãó˳ȥĵ·
ַԼСһ˵Ŀտͣ
ˮǸͨˣץѣѵô˿ͣĻ׳
ַ°ͣܿһ׷ַҲ֪׷Ƿãһԡ
ַ򿪳ᣬˮ̫ڻڻ֮С
ַ쿪ƣĬĬһʩչлľۼһŰɫˮ
ԼĪ֮ˮԽԽγһˮƮˮԴϡ
ƣ
ˮӦƣһƬˮ䵽ˮϡϣˮһ£ƤſһƬã
ĺ֢ô׻ġ
ַһһƿҩУˮͣʮ֮һҩˮ
ҩˮп־ҩˮ֮־Ļþһƿҩ㹻άһ֮ãͨ˺һƿпܻᱻŷ
ַҩֻʮ֮һ
ַϳᣬĵȴҩЧķӡ
Сʱ󣬳ڴˮֵĽĴġ顱顱
ַͲΪڳֻĶ鼮
ṩ鼮϶ĵַѾ鼮صֻϣڿֻϵġ֮ܲ·
֮ܲ·һԴ鼮һλ˾ܲýԼʮܲþдУһǳʵõ鼮
ַ翴ýζйڹ˾ݣַĿһ¡
ԭܲģ
ܲһ飬һԿϲһҲ˾ܲõһ뷨ʮ˵ǰ;
ַ翴ȣѾ˵һܲõˡ
ԣ˾Լܲá
Ȼ뷨õģҪ֮ʵͲô׵һˡ
ַѾ˴˾ʽǷȱģһܶ꾡ļƻȻȱһЩĿɿ¡
ַĵĿֻеġ֮ܲ·СʱŰⱾ鿴ꡣ
ַպֻʱ򿨳ȻˮֵĽֻѾȫɳˡ
ַ򿪳ᣬһŨŨʺζ
Ҫ
Ҫ
ڵˮѾŵĴСʧŽҾֵĽţҪҪ
ΣҪϴˡַҲû뵽־ҩˮЧôͣȻˮŵĴСʧˡ
ˮԼӪĿ־þ֮Уڴ򿪵ĳţӶ
ַ복ᣬһ㣬ˮ˳ӳﶪ˳ȥ
ѽһ˦ˤĲᣬˮʱҽһ
ַһץסˮͷֵԼ
ַ翴ˮֵ˫ۣĬĬ
һŴ֧֮Ϊͫ͸ۣӥȵ۾ʩչķͫ
ַʩչŷ֮ͫۡ


073 ˮİѱ
Ԫ޹أǾħΪ۾ʩչԱͫ
޴ĴʦһͿƶ֣öκ飬ֽԼ˼ɱ˵һŷǳֲķ
Ǵʩչ򵥣Ϊ˵ĴһǳӵҪƾտƶԷĴԣɲһ׵顣
ҲдʦЩʦֻƤëֻбԸϵ£ʦܴ߳ɹԷпܵĻϲܳɹ
ַľҪǿģûо޹ҪɹĴ߶Էͱ
ַǿ־ҩˮ
ˮ¿־ҩˮŵʱ򣬾ַʩչ֮ʱ
ַʱĺһһٵΪĲͨæʩɹʡ
һβ̫ģַ㻨ӵʱϣĵУַ˫ԽԽˮĿⶼַ˫ãȻĿַ˫ۣͫѾʧȥ˽ࡣ
ʲôַ֡һɵʵ
ҡҽˮˮֳһĨɣǳɺܿͱı黺ͬ˵
ˣ
Ǹ۵ˡ
﹤
ϼŹ
˭ƽеģ
ǸϼүϤƽеġ
ַǳԽԽϸؽԼҪ֪ⶼ˳
Ϥԭڱ⣡һ˿׹ַ۵ףһ
¼ַ֮ڴԼرУðʣһΪǿһնݳ
ҪԸϤʵһ׵ʱֻҪַԸ⣬ͿϤڷһϤ޼£ϼеֺһϤǻǲֹ
ַָûԼĴȣһļƻĴֳ︡
ַ糯ˮһۣˮĿͣɵɵĿַ硣
˵ĴԶ־ӵųͻָͨ£һʱЧԣʱ䵽˱ߵ˾ͻָ
ȻҲǾԵģߵ㹻ǿܹȫѹƶԷĴУôͿõĴ߶Է
ܿϧַȻǴﲻôߵĳ̶ȵģˮ˵ſԴСʱ
СʱڣַĿˮ
Ȼ˵ƣõطȴ֮٣Ϊڴ״̬£״̬£ǲһģϲܿ߿һ˽
Ҳ˵Ҫ߿ȷӶﵽÿһ˵Ŀģǲܴﵽġ
һõķĸԸ
ȻĸԸһǡԸץסѱҲһԸ
ˮ˳ڣַԼĴȻԼصƽС
ˮĽ˵ˮʱסľƵ귿䣬ˮϴ裬·
־Ƶ꣬ÿ춼кܶСƬŷģַ罫Ƭռĵ绰һһĴȥ
ιǷ¼˻
ǵģ
ǳŮ˻𣿡
ûСཡ绰ϱҵˡ
ַЦЦڶſƬϵĵ绰
ιҹɫ֣
ǵģŮܶŶ죬ʦʿģأս㣬ҪʲôĶеġ
𣿡
񾭲ཡ
ַ翪ʼ绰
һһĴȥڴڶʮ绰ʱڻ˺ϢԷҲûˣʶⷽˣ԰æܡ
Сʱ󣬴
ַ翪ţվòꡣ
и߸곯ַ˸ۣЦ˵ϰ壬㿴ǿ𣿡
ɡַ粻ΪЦЦ
˷䣬Źغã߸ǵĳַϿַϽ˵ȵȣҲϲģǰѽеġ
ַϽɳϵˮһָ
ʵǲŮ˲ģϰһɣ߸겻ĵĳַ˸ֳַۣ翿˹
ǮģҪҿɾͲǮˡַ˺һ˵
ߣû߸깾һŰ
λıȽϷŵÿǰźˣǮٲǵģһҪҪѹȻҲģ֮ǿԽм顣ַ˵
ҪĵģǿɲɣԺô˰
ҼǮ

һ˼һǧ
ǡ˵òİ
ģ֮ǿԼġ
Ǯ̸ãͿʼ·ˡ
ַԼֻʼ㡣
Ḷ́Ͳϸ˵ˣַԼǶ϶۾ĵģΪԼۡ
ַˣֻŮ֮еİٿΪ
һСӰһСʱ֮ã֮һ㻭棬ȻûǵǷĵǮˡ
ˮޱվһƬǽ壬ܶ׺Һմϣϣ
ȥϴ衣ַ˵
ˮ̳ԡȥֻ·ʱһȳһգļһǴ˵еľջС


074 
ˮʱֵķԼھƵɳϣֵǣԼľջһĴʹرǾջ۵˺һ㡣
ۣˮҲرۣ󣬺ܶƵĿֲ
ˮǰĵڷСӰˮǣȻǲŵͬƬеİһҲȤģĻϵдսֻһθ
ͻȻˮˣλôô죬񡭡ôôԼ
ֹ񰡣ֱǰ˲òԼϵǿ̥ǣҲԼһģһⲻԼ˭
ˮûһμ䣬ǽϾջĴʹǰСӰѾЩˡ
ôĵĻɣͻȻַ
ˮһתͷһһڶϣѾϳˣǵɱٵַ硣
㣿
㻹ǵҰûбɵַЦЦζ˵
㣬ģɱ㣡ˮֻоһɶ͵һ·𷢷һַ˹ȥ
ˮ̫ˣַ綼ֻ̧һţͰˮ˻ȥ
һ£ѿƵʱ򣬻һʲô飿ô𣿡ַЦЦϾĿˮһۣĵɫ
ңˮһѾˡ
Ҳ𣿡
ٺ٣ⲿӰεĻûйϵҿʮˣʮˣһٸˣȻٰĳСӰӰҶˣͽСնСôȤ𣿡
ַЦֻЦ䵽ˮУȴɭֲ
նС
ˮһʶսһ¾ջջһ˺ѰĴʹ˰һˣҵ찡ջҪõˣˮˣˡ
ҪҪҪʲôҶġˮӦԷѾЩ飬ԼΪ
ǸˣҲҶѿˡ
ַЦЦˮ˫ɭȻ˵ҵֶΣѾᣬҪ㣬˵׾ٵ飬ܹ
ˮµĴ˸ֶַΣȷˡ
˶Ըˣֶ̫̫ײУˣֶַο־ǳ
ĺˣֻҪ㾡Ϊ£СӰǲȥģȻǰĴɷ򡣡
㡭ҪʲôˮʵԴž塣
ʲôøﻹʲôֻǱҪʱЭҾˡ
Э㣿ˮЩͿ
򵥵˵Ӧϲĸʾĸˡַ绻˸˵ˮˡ
ˮȻҡҡͷ
УġնСַĿĿ˹
𡭡УġˮϽӦҲˣȰһɻȥ˵Ժ飬Ժ˵
ô˵ӦϼΪˣַظһ˵
УҴӦϼˮӲͷƤ˵
ܺáַЦеóֻֻϰһ£ֻʱųոյĶԻ
ַҡҡֻ˵ˣһݰѱ䵽ˣ˵Ҫϼ¼ǻôԸ㣿
ˮƤʱһ㡣
ַ˹ˮļ̵˵£ǺԭģΪҰµ£ҾԲ֪ڶĳΪ£ҿΪ㻹ϣֻҪµǮ⡣
ô֪ڶĳңԷͨˮëȻĸоҪ֪ˮծ飬Ҳǲ֪ġ
Щղͺˣ˵û˼ˡַЦЦĬ˵ʵʵϣַûеˮˮֱ֮ʳġ
ַͨˮ̬˴һٰʮȵĴת䡣
ģ֪ôˡˮЦ˵
ַ翴ˮһۣĿһ˿Ź֣˵Ƥ̶ֳܹȣҲһıˡ
ַͻȻһ˿򣬴ֶܲȻһ㣬ȴԵľá
ҵֻ룬ʲô¸Ҵ绰ˡ
õģҼˣôƺˮСʵ
šҽַ磬Գƺ˼Ȼ棬ַסģַĴţַФжӣȡĴš
õģҼˡˮַֻֻ룬д
Ҹôȥٽˮʵ
ʵˣҪ˵֪Ļɡַ飬鱦ﲻԱ֪ʹˮ˵ϤҲͨ;֪£Ҫȥġ
ˮˮϤΣַ
ˣˣ¸Ҵ绰ַ罻˼䣬ſȥ
ַ˵ˮһõӣȻãòҲ޹ؽҪΪ̣Լ


075 ȭ
٣ˣһ˵顣ˮص˾ֻȥֻϷַƵƬ
ַ磿˵飿ϤľһЩ⣬û뵽صַ˵ġ
Ϣɿ𣿡Ϥʵ
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ַ˵ͺҰְֲ࣬ҵĳΪ˵ʲôʲôҲᲵӣҪԭʯֱӿھͿˣαŪôأĳ˼𣿡
вɫһ䣬ַ˵ƽǻеĺ˵Ϊϲ
ΧҲǰͷвָָ㣬Ͼ˫ͰвΪαغСƽϣ
ַ绰һתѾϰ壬ҶʯģĸҪ㿴ʯͷȥˣǧ򲻸þǲңʯͷˣʯͷŶûС
ôĿҲ·ͷвһЦַв֮Աǡ
λλĿľͺãԭʯô࣬αһʯͷأϤʵǺԱ߿ֵģΪ˵صˣòеͣ
ϰ壬ãʯͷӦ˭вƴе
ϤЦϰ壬Ҷⳡϵѣ̧ͷͷαΪһ鲻ֵǮʯͷ˺أ
ϾԼٰרϤҲϣ᳡ܹ˳˳ľٰϡ
ϰ壬Ҳӣʵ̫ûòҲ̫һ㣬ԭʯǷ򲻿ɵġ
Ϥַֻܿ磬Ǹĵ㿴£
ַЦЦ˵һҪģԷʵ̫һ㣬ԭʯǷ򲻿ɵˡ
ַвƵĻֻ˻ȥ
⡭ϤΪ
ַЦЦ˵ϰΪģˣ֤Ҳϰһӣϰ˵ʯͷ˭ңǾ˭Ҿ޶
С꣡Ϥﰵİַһ䣬⻰˵ƯʲôӣΧô˿ţ㴦
ϤüͷȻһʱûȫİ취
ϰ壬ҲΪˣҵи⣬Ͳ֪СӸҲӦˡвͻȻ˵ͫһ˿ײĵ⡣
˵ַȻ˵뿴Էʲô
в˵ȻǵɶʯģôķʽҲӶʯ֣԰СʱΪޣ˫һԭʯֳи˭ԭʯ￪ֵߣ˭ͻʤʤ߿Իе䣬ʧ߲ò䣬һҪ֧ԭʯǮңôҲ氡
ͦ˼ģͬˡַͷ׶ԷĿģԭ
ַ˵ͬͬˣǶע̫ˣһԭʯأʤû׬ͷҪľˣټֽͷô


081 Զ
ֽͷҲãǾټʮɡвưͲӶעעԽַԽҡ
ʮҲ˵óڣַһЦ͵ߣҪòǾˣҲ˶ĵģû˼
ƨвƱַ˵˫۷죬ŭ˵ְǾͶһǧֽͷһǧ˭ӮǮ͹˭ҲҶģ
һǧ⻹ࡣַЦЦЦĺƽ
עһǧ򣿡
ϣĵ̫˴󡣡
СȰȰѣģôʲô
˶Զˣעһǧǹȥȥ
˵ĶԶģΧ˵׷ףƬ̼䣬˶Χ£˹
λλλΪ֤Ը԰СʱΪޣѡһԭʯжԶģֵΪʤʤ߲Եõ䣬һԻöԷһǧԪˣҪ֧еԭʯúһǧ򡣡вĿĴɣ̵ĸ
вתͷַ˵ôڿʼ𣿡
Уʼɡַ絭˵
ǺãСʱвЦеĴӦһű˫֣װģһſԭʯϿ
ߣҲʯͷȥַЦЦ˵
ַ磬бʤİգʼƶûַֹĶĲֱʱŵһ䡣
Ҳƴĵط
㿴ɵģǮ˿ڴ͵ɵ𣿡ַ̯̯֣ԳһĨŵ΢Ц
ǣǶʯ˭бʤİգƵüͷ
õģ͵ǿϷˡַ΢Ц˵˫ǲͣĴһſԭʯϿȥ
ÿַ缯оʱǰԭʯͻһ͸֣ԭʯڲʱַ翴һ
ףʯͷͦƯģˡַǰһԭʯһ㡣
õģһֱߵĹԱ̽ԭʯ˱ʾü¼ʾԭʯѾַ¡
ַ磬ѡҲ̫˰ɣʹԭʯμӶԶģȻַģǿַôѡԭʯ̲סǵ˵
ǣֻǾԭʯͦƯġ±ߣԾˡַ˵Ż۾һָǰһԭʯеҲ㿴һӭ𣿲Ҫˡ
ˣΪʯͷһӭһͻʮԭʯ
ַǷεĶԶлʤѾûбʤˣϾַΪʵ̫Ϸ
͸ħҲ޵ģַʹõķǳƵڿһٶԭʯ֮͸Чʧ
ʱ򣬱ַµԭʯѾš
ַ˵һȥһϴּ䣬֮󣬼鿴ԭʯ
ʱһһȥܿͽӽСʱˣʱһֱַעŵв˶
вһֱҲڲ鿴ԭʯûöעĿԭʯһֱȵϺζʹ˸ɫвŴϲµߵϺθոͣλãǰԭʯ
ַ翴˼ʵ㿴ǱߣǸ˭
Ǻԣļ鱦˾Ķʯרң˵ʯ۹൱ģԭˣǺڰвѡԭʯѹвôġƻȻ˵
ʯרңʯ𣿼Ȼôôֳ鱦˾Ķʯרңַ粻˵
ʯרֻһֱȽϺĳƺ˵ܹٷְٿԭʯĺûĻǾͲǶʯרңˡ
ƽ˵ʯרͨɶԶʯȽо;ḻܹͨ˸õѡԭʯĳɹʣǼֲ̫ߣԼðնʯ鱦˾Ƹ룬רΪ鱦˾ѡԭʯ
ԭһȺ޵󱲣ҲʲôַЦһš
ȻűʤˣΪ᳡ļٿԭʯѾ鿴һ飬жǵԭʯַһʮһԭʯԷҪʤַעǲܵ顣
οַһ飬ʱͼ˶ԷµǿԭʯĵϸļǵãǿԭʯֻһС䣬ȻһֵС䣬Ϊ̫Сˣֻһٶ򣬶ǿԭʯۼ۾͸ߴһٶʮֻܱѣû׬ͷġ
ʱˣҲȥɡַ翴ʱ䣬к
ʱ䵽ˣϰ壬ǵԭʯѡ𣿡Ϥֱ˵
ѾˡвҲŴеŵɫвƵ󣬹ԱСƳһŴԭʯ˹
ԭʯͷͦ󣬲ۼҲǲƣһٶʮ
Ҳˣšɡַ糯һۣһŵСƳ˸ִСԭʯպʮһԭʯַѡһŲ۵Сԭʯ
ЩԭʯµģϤȵʵһʮһԭʯʯķ˰ɣ
ǺǣЩԭʯͦƯģһǾϲˣᱻߣˡַЦŽ͵
Ǻǣлչ⡣ϤЦЦﰵһܼӣַĽ֮ͣԱǡ
вƳַڶԭʯһۣ˵ʯͷѡˣôͿʼˣʱˡ
Уô˭ַЦЦ˵
вƴ˵Լԭʯвʮ㡣


082 
˵ԭʯ˵ԱߵĹϣʼи
ивѡеĴʯ
вƽŵĶиԭʯԭʯϺѡģ˵Ϻε۹ֵεģʯĽӰ쵽һǧֽͷɲвƲš
ʱһһĹȥԭʯѾпһӡ
ˣʯʦһѯʰĿвơ
ããԭʯ¶һĨɫвϲɫϺε۹Ȼ㿴ȻˣһεĶľ֣ԼӮˡ
ԭʯļʲôߣҲ۸߰һԭ򣬶вƵԭʯѾ䣬ĳ֣вƻʤļʴӡ
߷иʦԭʯԭʯϵɫԽԽ󣬵ɫû̫ı仯Ȼǰɫ
ϧˣǿ֣ȻͷСҲʮɣĿˡΧжеˣѾҡͷ̾Ϣ
вƵɫһ䣬ԭϲɫһٶʮԭʯͿֵʮ䣬ͷĲҲ̫޴˰ɡ
ҸҪǣļֵغһǧͷĹвȻǮƽ޹ʵʧȥһǧǳۡ
ԱϺεɫҲԭʯѡģһٶʮԭʯͿʮ䣬ˡ
ˡʯʦͻȻ˷ܵĽôɫĺȻгһĨɫ
Ǳ֣ˮͷ㡣
ͦı֣ǸͷСһ㡣
вƵɫٴһ飬ȲĴսԴ˹
Ǳ֣ǱְвƴЦ⡣
ϲϰ壬ǿӣˮͷ㰡Χѣʱвƹϲ
ǺǣöѣֵһᣬֵһᡣвƹάһĿһɨ䵽ϤϣϤ֣˵ϰ壬мңҲǶľֵļ֤ˣƷһ£Ǯ
úúãϰĳɫҲմմϰϲϤЦ˹䡣
ԭʯһһһС䣬䣬ڳĵ͵䣬ȻͷȽϴ󣬵ǲֵǮϤʮļ۸
ǿС䣬ͱȽˣǱ䣬еļƷɫ
̫Сˣֻɽĵ׹Ϥ룬߼۸񣬱㱨˸һʮۼۡ
ȱʯļ۸һֱܴͬһ䣬мʮļ۸񲨶Ǹǵͣȫ˵㡣
Ϥвƻʤˣ˸С˼䱨һʮ
ϤıۣûʲôĵطΧΧߣҲͬĵͷ
һвƵԭʯ㿪˼ֵһʮ䡣
вԼ䣬Це˵һٶʮԭʯһʮ䣬һת־ͿԾ׬ʮϰ壬ĸС׬һʣǺǣȻһҪлϰ壬㻹ҪҴ׬һˣ
ϰ壬ʤδأǲǸ˵̫ˣƿвƵģ˪˵
ʤδ֣ҵԭʯжԭʯŶ㻹Ϊô׾ͿС󣿺ǺǣҵʤҿвĿһ۵ǿַССԭʯ̣Ц
ļֵһƷʣǴСԭʯ֮Ի۸񰺹󣬱Ϊֻдԭʯܿ䣬ַѡԭʯСܳ䣬ҲֻС䣬Ҫʤס
ٴԭʯĴС˵ַӮѾ൱΢ˡ
Χ׷ŵҲַ̫Ӯ棬Ͼַԭʯ̫СˣҶԷѾ˼ֵһʮ䣬ַԭʯܲܿ䣬δ֪ء
ַЦЦζĿвһۣ򶨵Ķʯʦ˵鷳ˣˡ
õġʯʦǸ֣ԭʯ̶ʯϣ˳ԭʯı
ԭʯʯи£һһıиԭʯѾеһ룬ȻȻûпĺۼ
ַ絭ĺܣΪѾ֪ԭʯڲȷһƯ䡣
ַһȣһֻȵƣڴʱץģԸоƵ¶ȣһ˿˿ĺա
ֻ亹ȻֻƵˣǳĽš
ַ΢΢һЦеģͷƵĶ˵ţӮ˵ġ
šһȴרעĶпԭʯַʤԣȻΡ
ַЦЦƵķӦ⣬ӵ͸ĻַԼҲӵбʤĵġ
ַٴν˽еģƿһ𣬾ĵȴŽĿ
ˣʯʦͻȻһ⡣


083 
ˣʯʦͻȻһ⡣
ܲ⣬Ϊ鲻۵ССԭʯȻһⰻȻı䡣
Ҵӱ̫СҲȭͷ
Ǳ֣ôһ鰡
ϣôһı֣һҪԸͷˡ
ϤҲǿ΢΢ݣﰵ룬ַС治Ȼһ䡣
вƵɫҲǸһ䣬ԭĵѸٵıɫ
ڻַ׿֮ʯʦֻʱҪӵСÿһҪСĽһСģͰлˡ
ԼĪʮ֮һ䱻˳
Ưһ䣬ͷҲС
ǿӣֻҪ΢һӹҲĸ߼ۡ
ã䶨ˡ
ΧһԱľ̾˿вƵĿ⣬Ѿ
ϰ壬ֵΡַ΢Ц˵ûΪϵ䣬Ρ
ַ򶨣ΧٵˣĿ࿴ﲻ뵽ѹƻῴѣȻв֮
һ䣬ˮͷ㣬ۼϤ̾һȻвƻʤ˫̫ˣҲֻʵʵ˵ˡ
ۼӦ¡
ѾƫˣǺȻַҪԶԶĸвƿ䡣
ַӮˣǺǣӮˡƸ˵ЦϲַӮˣԼӮ˻Ҫġ
ǺǣӮˣӮˡַЦһѱסƵСԭתȦƵһڡ
һƵַһۣǴ֮ͥ£Ҳ˵ʲô
ٺ١ַЦЦתͷв˵ϰ忴ӮˣһǧĲͷϣھ͸ңûɣ
вƵɫһ࣬㶵Ŀ˿Լ䣬ֿ˿ַ䣬һ͡
ϰû°ɣͷʲôʱ
ַֽһв˿ΧȺֿ˿ǰַ磬ȻⳡľѾˣһˡ
вƵ˫ﲼѪ˿޺޵Ķַϣŭ˵һǧ㵱Ҹ𰡣ʲôߡ
ַЦЦʤߵ̬˵ֻҪǮˡ
ߣвŭĺһһԵϤѹŭʵϰ壬ת˰ɣ
еġϤͷԸԱת豸ù
в豸һַֻʾַһ˻Ѿ˻һǧ
ϰģȻáַ˴ĴָЦһ仨
ˣҲҵ˰ɣллϰ塣ַЦеĴвƵϣֵı˹
вĿűַߵı䣬ɫˡ
ŶˡַһԴЦе˵ϰɱ֧ԭʯǮĻϰ²Ӧ
ľֹ涨ʧ߲ҪһǧֽͷһҪǮ¶Զĵԭʯ
ˣġвҧгݵ˵۾ĶγѪ
ͺãٺ١ַЦЦתϤ˵ϰ壬עִǿԭʯҲ鷳п˰ɣҲǿ˫Զĵԭʯûϡ
ҲãҲͦ뿴ġϤԸһзԱǿԭʯ˹ʯʦʼи
иתԭʯһʯƬ
ˣ
˶û뵽һʯƬ¶˵ɫ䡣
вƵ˫۶ʱһĵɴ˼Ķ¶ϣǿԭʯĳˣ
ϰ幧ϲ㰡ֶˣϤһĴַָĻ˻Ρ
ʲôðˡַЦЦǫ˵
ϰ̫ǫˡϤЦ˵
ԭʯͲ󣬶صǳȥԭʯ䱦ʯͱ˳
õô䣬Ʒ֡
ôһ鰡ȸոǿ黹Ҫ󡣡
ǿ֣ϰ壬ԭʯҲ̫˰ɣ䶼ѵһְ
ѽܲˣҲҪԭʯ
ַϲĽӹȭͷһı䣬Ϥʵϰ壬мңǮ
൱Ǳ䣬еļƷΣҸͷҲСҵľ˵ٿһǧ˰ĸ߼ۡϤ˵˫һ˿˿Ľɫ
ʲôһǧ˰򡭡вʹĽһͻȻסԼؿڣһ˹ȥ
в̼ܲһСʱ֮ڣʧȥǧ򰡣


084 ֿ
˶Զģһ䣬һһʮһһһǧ˰򣬽ͼֵǧټֽͷһǧ򣬺ϼƳǧ
ʤ߿Իǧ򣬶ˣȻ͵ʧǧвƶǮִ̼ܲһ۾˹ȥ
һƬ֮У赹вƱ̧ߣΧ˽㰲
λʯרϺΣҲλˣһβԾ̰Ⱦܣ̸̸ַġʱһܵûӰӡ
ԭʯ䣬һ黹ֵһǧ˰õľһѾв˳ԭʯȥúõһʡ
ϰ壬ҪúллҰҪҿ䣬ûôõ⡣ַ糯ɨһۣЦе˵
ǣǣҪλԶٱ㷹ϤЦŻӦַĸڶ̶Ƭʱڣмʮԭʯ˳ȥ
ԷˣǻҪأԭʯ۾ˡַʮԭʯ˵ļֵǧһʮ򣬺ϼƽӽһǧٵһ㡣
ܴ۵ģȻϰ忪ĿڣҪϰ弸ӵģҾ͸ŵ۰ɡַµԭʯ̫ˣֵһǧˣϤֲɵϣŲܴ̫ۿˣۿ̫ͣóԿˣǾŵۣҲѾ˼ʮˡ
ǾͶлˡַ˵ĵллټʮҲǼ顣
ˣϰ壬ķǳôҪҪʣµԭʯҲһпˣϤ
ͲˣɲһζùˣʣµԭʯҪûȥ档ַЦ˵
ҲáϤЦ˵ȴпϧϧַ翪ˡ
ʯĲʮľ䣬Ϥɲţַµʮԭʯ䣬ٿͿոˡ
һһһ鲼˵Ƕʯĸ߷ԡ
˿ʮԭʯ͹ַУַ룬ָ˾ݽ绰ݽպпգʮӾͿŻˡ
ַСװôԭʯ˽ݽĴװԭʯͷˡ
ϽһҪ鷳ˡַЦŴк
ʲô鷳鷳ģһҪллҽءݽͷӻóһַ̣ҡҡ֣ʾԼ̡
ʮԭʯɲСرЩԭʯشһٽɲǽݽһܹװᶯģϤֽ˹󣬲Žʮԭʯᵽ˿ᡣ
ϰ壬»ؼַЦеĶϤӻ֣Цζ
»ؼϤͬĻ˻ֻ֣ǿַЦݣĪһֲõԤС
һ죬ϤĸоԾˡ
ƽûרŵĶʯгϼžٰĶʯרܵ˹ʯߵĹˣСʱһԭʯͱһա
飬﷢ˣԭʯѾ˶ٿţǿȴǳϡ٣ҺһҲûп󲿷˶ĿˣõҲֻǿͨ䱣Ǯ׬ʮּƷ䣬Ҳûпˡ
ʯȻʮľ䣬ҲжӮʱ򰡣ģⲻѧ
ĲӮˣȻ˭ģһˣҸ䣬ûһ׬ǮǾ̫ˣһ𹫷ߡ
ô°֣ԭʯһ˰ʮµİ
㲻ˣ䣬ҿùˣһɫûʯͷȫһ
ιϻƣıȽ磬û
ûаˣϳ֣ȫûˣȫǶĿ塣
ҿӦ⣬Ҳô֣պöˣĻûһֶûǿ˺üٿԭʯˡ
飬˵׼İɣû׼ӣںԭʯأ
⻰Ҳ٣УһҪȥû׼кء
Ϥüͷ̫Ծˣûٿԭʯӵġ
ʯĳɹʵȷߣٲҲжǵĻᣬû˶Ŀġ
ͺƱƱнļǺܵͣɱϾнֻҪнˣûнͷƱҲֻԹԼãϾԼûУȴˣԹƱʵֻͣ˵Լá
һƱˣҲûнɾʹˣⲻԼãǲƱ⣬ʾͱζˡ
ϤڶʯҲǷǳ˽⣬֪ʯʮľ䣬ǲ˶ĿģÿοʮԭʯܻῪӵģҲǶʯ˵ĵط
ڵЩһˣһԭʯԭʯˣǺȴһҲûпѵ˵һԭʯ⣿
ҲԭʯⰡҪ֪ϵһԶģһԿӣûܶǣȫĿ˰
Щ죬Ȼԭʯ۷ǳ𱬣ϤһҲĲԭʯ׬˶Ǯģֻ׬ȡмĲ۶ѣǿԭʯǴȥˣֻƺ̫á
Ȼϼṩԭʯ۷׷ףǶʯ߶ڶʯȤȻ
ԭʯеԽ࣬ʯҲԽĻΪ˶ʣµԭʯǣǶţ䣬Ծʣµԭʯ
ðɣҶôģ˶ʣµԭʯˡ
ڶʱһԭʯҲпˣڴĿУԭʯҲǿյġ
ֿȺը˹


085 Ծᣨһ
ϰ壬ЩʯͷҪȥݽغóţַʵ
ϽǱصˣ֪вֿ𣿡ַһֿ⣬ʱЩԭʯ
ֿ⣿Ҹ绰ʰɡǵ˾ģڵصȷȽϤݽѴһ绰֮󣬾Ϣˡ
ικһֿ⣬пյĲֿ𣿡
аǺãȵȣʰݽס˵绰һͷַʵϰҪĲֿ⣬á
̫һٶƽϾУʱĻҲ̫ãʱõģһ¶ԡֿиԭʯģֻ׼ʱʹá
κһҪģҪͼۣǧһ°ˣǧˣɣǧһ£ҲԿġ
˵绰ݽ˵ǧһ£һʮƽϰ㿴ô
Уɡ
ֿλô඼ȽƫƧһֿҲ⣬˽ʮӵŵ˲ֿ⡣
κѾ򿪲ֿ⣬ſڡ
ݽֱӽ˲ֿͣã³κкҽַ˽ܣַҲֱۣӽһµ룬ֿʱ͹ַʹˡ
ϰ壬ҪҪҽмж
ãһ˾Ϳˡַں˵
һݽһ㶣Ĳ˼顣
ԭʯдССĻɣԭʯشٽģַһ˿԰öЩԭʯ
ַ΢΢һЦҲ˵ƽݽ뷨ԹԵϳᣬһԭʯڽݽ𾪺۹УȵĴӳ
ַ绳ﱧŽٽԭʯɵĽԭʯŵ˲ֿĴ
ôݽعַ˴Ĵָ
СģǺǣˣæ˵䣬ַ籧ŵڶԭʯ
߷ݽϳᣬҲŽСԭʯ
ԭʯأϾ࣬Ӳʮԭʯͱ˰ȻҪͶַԼ
濴ôôãݽͷ󺹵һԭʯϣ
ڽݽͷ󺹣ַȴһ㺹ˮûУɵվڽݽǰ·ղŵͶ޹ϵ
ݽһϵĺˮĿ䵽Χԭʯϣʵϰ壬Щʲôʯͷ
ݽ𻹲֪Щ۵ʯͷǼֵ߰ԭʯ
ԭʯַ翴˽ݽһۣ΢Ц˵
ԭʯ˵ǴЩʯͷ￪ģݽȻе֪ܹҲ䣬ԭʯȴǵһμ
ЩԭʯЩǴЩԭʯ￪ġ
ЩԭʯֵǮɣܿʯͷֵܲǮ
ȣԭʯǱ˵ˣСԭʯǧԪһ飬ԭʯ͹ˣԭʯƷĺû˵ļʮ򣬹ϰ㿴ǿԭʯɣͻһʮ򡣡
ô󰡣ԭʯǺܽ󣿡ݽԾĳ͡
Ǻǣ԰ѣҲ໨һǧʮԭʯַЦе˵
һǧ򣿡ݽٴγһַĿ⣬Ѿɫû뵽ǰ̫۵ˣȻһλǧ̡
óһǧʮʯͷˣѾǧôˡ
ݽĿԭʯɨЦҡҡͷ˵Ǯ˺ͨ˵뷨ȫһһǧʮʯͷ
ʵûôӣо仰˵ĺãƨɾԴƨǸλϵʱ뷨ҲͻȻȻת
ĲƸﵽһ̶ȵʱᷢǮѾǮֻһֻ֣аǮȥǮļֵ
˭ֻлζˣûмͺҰɣһӣ׬һǧģԶҲ᲻Ǯ˵̬ݽЦ˵
ΪϣַĽݽļȰο
ݽҡҡͷʵЩԭʯϾǼֵһǧĶҪտ𣿡
ٺ٣Ҳ˵أԵĻӶ㼸ҿԭʯȻǮġַЦ˵
ǮǮĶС£Ҿ¶̫ˣһ˿ݽǵ˵
ûйϵģΪû֪ԭʯֻһͨĲֿ⣬û˴עģֻҪ΢һ¾ͺãȫĺܡַ˵
⡭Ǻðɡݽһ룬Ҳַ˵еʹӦ
Ȼ㲻һ춼ģֻҪҲʱ򣬿һ¾ͿˣڿԻȥʰһ±죬ҹڵĻȿš
ǺõġݽӦַ˼뿪
ȵݽ뿪ַ罫ãӴָһһóħϡ
ϴλص½ʱַһǧöҹΪٵħϣЩھó
һضµѧƣַȻħʦȱļ䣬ԼûħƷ˵൱ӡ
ҺսţûֶĽԣַʱ
еĲϣַǰһſеϣȴһѾϵķƵħƤ
еħᶼħƤɵģΨˣƽľӵֲ˼ħ
ַڳģһħᣬž֣Ծᡣ


086 Ծᣨ
ˣߵ룬ſŴ绰ң˵ӴϵˣͷˤİȥŵĻϽȥһ޲ֹϣһ2׿İۡ
ϽȥҽԺҽһۣ˵ˣβˣϽȥҽԺȥҽԺҽԴ˵ˣҲˣϽȥɣҽ˵ǶŻˡ
Ͻȥ1뵽ҽԺҺſҽ˵­ǹۣƬɡ
ĺƬҽƬ˵û˵ԣǺ­ǹۣӲ4£òҪ̫󣬾úԼˣǺӵĹͷһֱˣٳãŵʱֿˡ
ӵԱһ飬ԽӰ죬Ӱڻ֪
ûҩΣֻܿԼãҽ˵סԺһ۲һ£룬Ȼû£ǲסԺųԺģѵֽȥҽԺĻмʲôûñҽԺͼ£ʹؼˡ
£Ҫ׼ĸǣСҪСģӵİ裬Ҳȷͦġ
ϻصңϽһд˳ԭ˵ýдµģ飬ҲģҺñû󰭡
ףƽƽ˽ûˡ

ħõһ֧Ҳ򵥵һżеħʦһ֣ա
Ȼ;֮䣬ҲźܴģͬʵλħʦΪἼӣôžᣬϾͻвСĲ࣬Եʱ򣬽һ
ҲˣΪ߼ĲͬͬȼľᣬۼҲвͬĲۣԽõķʦľ۸Խߣ֮ԽķʦľҲԽ۸
ϵĻЩԶˣַûھ¹˼ֻҪͨżܹԼ㹻ˣҪõᣬǻǮȥ򣬸ӷ㣬Ҳʵá
ȻļַҲǱյģΪĳЩᣬг򲻵ģҲйֻԼᡣ
ַڳԾᣬ֮һ
Ծ֮һһħ
Ծúܼ򵥣ͨ׵Ľ˵Ծһħͬ
ԾһĺͬǲһģΪԾ᲻άЧǿħάЧΥˣܵɵƲãĳͷ
ڻ䣬ϵĺ;ĵȼйϵ
ַ翪ʼеļԾᣬһһСӲϣһСʱ֮һ죬ǰľữΪ˻ҽ
ַƽһξʧܸգַ粢ûκξɥĸо¿ͷѵĵ׵ġ
ڽһʱ䣬ַ糢žᣬűΪ˻ҽһŽҳɹЧֻʣһ룬ɹԾᣬһš
һųɹԾᣬҲ㲻ʲôĶǿһŵӵһԾᡣ
Ͼַ籾ʵֻħѧͽĿǰʵûħġ
ԾȼԽߣҲԽǿǿԾᣬǿƽҲ븩
ȻԾ᲻ǹᣬǲӵйģֻеΥеʱ򣬲Żἤе
ַ紵˴еԾᣬһ˿Ī˷ܡ
Ծڻƽ½ҲһַǳϡٵľᣬΪԾ;̫أΪ˱֤Ծ᲻ãԾֻСħʦͨħʦǽӴԾģҲ򲻵Ծᡣ
ҪŹŴħʦĲȱ䣬ַͽӴԾһħ
ԾħַﻹһѵĴڣǰʵĵ΢Ŀǰ˵޷Щ֪ʶõʵС
ÿԾᣬһ߳߿ھıԵһȦɫĹΣһȦɫΣǾħԴɫԽħԽǿɫԽǳħԽ΢
ԾɫҲǲͬһһЩһǳһЩʾһǿһЩһһЩ
ھм䲿λɫεİΧһСƬյмһСƬյдԡ
мµĿյ̫࣬дʱ򣬶ԵıʷֵĴСϸҪͨ£һžɹдԲᳬٸ֣дԵʱԼࡣ
һд˫ױǩ֣ȻټԾͻЧ˭֮еԣͻ˺
Ȼ䲢޷ֻҪôͿԵֵ䡣
ͨ£ǿ֮ԾᣬǸߵȾᣬΨˣǿ˫ԡ
һľַ粻ɹžᣬҶԾҲ˲ٵĵãֵַİգԳɹԾᡣ
ǽջ
ַ翴ֻϣˣֵ˰Сʱ֮󣬽ݽŴҴҵĸ˹


087 Ƶżһ
ýݽزַֿ֮ŷĵ뿪
ַȻˣȴ˺֣ڲֿⷿһεأѻעŲֿڵһУֿ⣬ػߡ
ݽȻƷԲԭʯϾֵ̫ߣַǲܷĵĽֿ⽻ܵġ
뿪ַֿƴ˵绰ԼԶˣַҲǿ䣬͹ҵ˵绰
ַƵȷЩĶûеȢɵĵزܳȻǺãܳɣҲν
˵ʵַԼĿǰ̬оǳ֣һֱһλŮڴѧʱ͵͵İ꣬˵һַŮֲų⣬Կơ
ǻĻǲ߿Գ֮Ϊ飿
ַüͷ֪Լôˡ
ڴѧʱַֻһˣȻװŴѧʱİĽŮϲȴûˣȰԿ壬ַ˵Լôˡ
һ룬ַҲ֪ԼĲԣ̲סôˣǷݸûб仯ҲϲӵԿĸоҲ׷ƵĻá
һ仰Ͱɡ
Ǯͱ仵
˲ģûȥģȥʱм˲ģ
̫̫ջˣԾջʱж˿Կջ
ðɣַˣȷֿɫջͺһζĶҩղܣַ֪ԣеζʵ̫ãܲסеջ󣬱һ˽ȥ
ǶȶԣҲûʲôõģ֮һ̶ʮ˹ƽҲ˹ĺҡ
ַע˲ƽ
լԺĵ汻ʱƽѾעַԵһᲨ׳Ҳջ
ַüͷ˿ע˲ͨķˣôͷ׶ʰɣ
ַһػȻڽó̺Уȫµ֪
עƽô䣬ערһôڻԡ
Լ·ñۺȥɡ
ַԿ˵绰ԼڸһҴƵ档
ŵ˰СʱԿԿϻ˵㵭ױ崿֮жһ˿˵ģոӶˡ
Կһ˵Ŀ⣬˿ŮҲԿϣֻǿԿĿУٶһ˿ʵɫ
Ůxxxֹ˾ҵҾʺζǳǵ롭һλװͦߵԿߣ΢Ц˵
˼Ҹʱ䣬ллáԿ˶ԷҪ˹ȥ
ˣ֪Ǽ٣ǶƭӴˡ
Էģ׷Կߣ˵Ůǹ˾Ĵȫõģ˾һ£ֻҪͨԷ񡣡
ţôַ˹󷽷סԿŵĵһۣԿſȥ
ַ˸ָҲ֪ﲻµĵطֻܷ߷ߵȥ
Χַͬ˱ӣ·˵ʻţϡ
ٷ֮ʮ˶ģΪԣַ̫ͨˣԿò޷ƥ䡣
Կòٿַͨ˵ﶼЩĸоţܰλŮġ
ֻͷѣЩȴѾ֮жˡ
ŮүȥһӰɡһǰӦĳ˵ıڡ
Կ֪Ŀַ磬ûϾԿȦӷǳխڴ֮ǰЩӵܵġ
ַ鷳Ҫ˵鷳ԥķȥ
ַĵ˶Էһۣͣǰֱߡ
㻹̧һĺáڵɫҲһƳַؿ˹ȥ
һƴĸɾٶȼ죬ֻеȴǲ󣬱Ҳַֻһɫˡ
ַķӦȴڵϣڱڳƵͬʱַҲһƣպô˱ڵϣƽһɾ޴Ȼַӿֳ
ãֱһ֪Լסһƣŵŵʵֱϵĳж˿ȥ
Ǹ֣
ַüͷʱҲȻڻˣǱȴûˣѾͨ˽жַ֪Լ־жô£ȻַûʹȫҲ˵˶ԷĲ
ܽжȥԷȻҲͨˡ
һ֣λڵɫͻַһȭʵ°˼ȭ϶δ̸ʦкɡ
ַһҲѧűȭ˵ȭַ硣
ʧˣղŶеѲҪ⣬롣϶˵һԣơ
ַͷԿȥ˿
϶ַıӰĿһۣŻصԼүߡ
ڴһǣλųзһĻʱ϶ˡ
ӣôûԿɣһ϶꺮ů϶Խӵĸж
û٣ֱۼŤˣȥϢͺˡ϶˶ֱۣʾԼû¡
ӣǰ˼ȭĸְոǼһﻹ˵㣿϶Ļļ˶һ
϶Цһɽһɽߣոλĸְ
Ǹ֣Ǻú˵˵һ϶⻰ڳļλүʱȤȤǡ


088 
ûϴոλӦڼȭĸ֡
϶ɫ˵һȭˣβ·̬ǺȫͬģҲô˵һǲӣ·ӾͿ֪ˡһȴ⡣
ȭµʱ⹦ھνڼҹڼҹ֮¶Ƥ࣬ѾѴΪпۼ
ҸղŻΪԷͨˣΪ·̬ûǸղŽֵһƣԷޱȣͲֿܵģҪǶԷ飬ҵֱۣҪϵˡ
ּ˵Է϶һز¶ڼȭ֡
٣ԷѾڼȭ֣Ȼͨˣ˵ǳңǻǲҪǵĺá϶˵˰ߣ仰Ҫ˼
Թ䷸ҪǵǣǸǸƴ֮ͽȲȥ˵Ǳɱ˷ʤ϶ЩүǵȥǷǣּ˵ôһ䡣
֮ͽʲô֮ͽѵǵ鷳һ˲ŵĺһ࣬ɸǹٶƽǵĳ֧˰찡ǵȨƻ˸ǣ
ɲ˵ǵʡ䶯һʱǼŲҰ𣿾ֳһҰķڣһ߿ˣһҹ֮䣬ȫڷٷ˵úжǸ缸˵һĻúжԴϵ𣿡
ﲻ˵ĵطͺˣ˵ġһ죬⼸̻˻ˣһ֧СУ׵ְλߣټΪأԴһﶼհ
Զԣ˵Щɱɱ̫ɷ羰ˣıġ
˵ıģҵģ磬ǺųơǹİڿϵŮ˴ǡġ׷ô켱͵ľҪǰˣ
滹еᡣЦЦ˵Ҳ֪Ů˶ԸģҲǿȵһףŮöԷˣԼģͺˣʲôӲϹǾû˼ˡ
ǰʱ䣬һλͷƣҿƬˣ˺ܲ˵ԭװģʱҾͰû뵽û־ͱһˣĻϰ嶼ˣֿ̨֮ҵõͷȻҲʧȥϢˣȻЩϧҲʲô˵飬ŮУٻһˡ
û뵽ǣո߽ǸŮˣҶõͷƳˣһΪͷϰˣͽжӰй뵽˵ҡͷЦ
磬ô˵ոǸŮҲǳģ
⻹治˵û׼ϴˡȷ˵ϾֻƬûˡ
룬˵ˣûп͵ҿˣϾߵǸ˿Ҳͨˣû±ȥ
Уġ

ǲָ鷳ˡԿǵʵ
в鷳ģǵ鷳ǵ鷳𣿡ַЦЦԿһѡ
ʲô㿴ŵɡַԿڿǵһ𣬿˲˵
Ĳ˺ù󰡣һСײҲҪʮ˰Կ˲˵һۣŵĵе
ֲȱǮ㻹ʡǮʲô͵ʲôˣµĲҪ㣬óԡַ˵ĴҲڰпǮãԶҲþϸˡ
ɣ̫ˣ²֡Կ˵Ƶַǰ
У㣬Աˡ
⣬Ǵ㣬˿󣬴ƤѼݳټһ̲衣ַĿζȽƫأĲˣҲƫؿζġ
˲࣬Ǽ۸ȴ԰󣬾ôһٷûмٿǮ²ġ
ȺܿˣɫζȫζǳãȻһǮһֻԵǷݼ۸
ȻԵҲǿʲôǶȥˣǮȻǲùˣҪ˿ɲֵطԷΪζãȴ̫ˡ
ζɡ
ţ̫ˣҪϻȥԼһٿǮԿӦôݳ޵
ԼʡǮζҲ̫鷳ˡַЦЦӽʡǮ֣¾Ҫﱻ޳ȥˡ
ôϵصģû۾㿴Һúõһ˫ЬӣŪˡ
Բ𣬶ԲûҸ
û⻰ʲô˼㵱Ҳ˰
ǣǣҡҡఢɫͨ죬ȴ֪ôͲźá
ԭСһఢϵصʱûעһСĲλŮʿĸ߸ЬЬͷһۼ
ۼֻҪֽһͿˣλŮʿȴˣ쭴
Ⱒ̣ҲǽϵصʱСһôġ
˼˼ǵĴЬӣϴʲôҪ뾡˵ҴҸ˹Ƚఢһ٣ЦԵİ˿͡
ǿ⣬¹˿ˣֻҪܽ˿Ͱȥʲô鶼˵
ҪһʲôҪ㿴ҵЬӣˣôŰλŮʿϵĸ߸Ьŭ˵
Ⱒ̣λŮʿЬӡ̿˱ఢ̡
õģõġⰢ̸ϽԼڣϸϸĲȥ˸߸Ьϵĵա
ɣڸⵥԪô˵
ࡣ߸ЬŮʿ˵ͷڶУֺ˿ȥ
Ⱒ̣֪´㣬ƵоƵĹ£Ͼù˾ʧٿǮɣĹȥһ٣´£ҪСĵ㡣
ûô۹أⰢ̵ۿ΢΢죬ί
Ҳû취һжƶģɣϵأСһ㣬ȥǰ濴ȥˡҡҡͷȥ
ⰢƵ̾һоίˡ
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089 ƹǽ
㡭С磿ⰢǳɵĽе
ַòȻûб仯ʺȴѾȫȻͬⰢûмַ磬Ҫַ׿ϣⰢϲַġ
Ұַ΢Ц˵
СǳˣӶϲˡżˣԵúܸˡ
ַͬ壬ĺܽʮھӣַСʱҲȥ棬ַҲǼΪ簮
ַһȥıֻзڵʱŻȥһΣҲͽԶˡ
˵Ǻٸһģôࣿٸأڲ٣ֻһӣԴ٣Դٱַü꣬ĺܺãַһֱٸ硣
ԴٴСԸǵһҵȥξȥˣΪɼȣʿ٣˵Ҳһֱڲӡ
ٸȲ˵Щˣˣ£ٹһСʱҾ°ˣʱٺúġŴ￴һۣϰѣõ档
УҾ°ˣǵùҡ
ַ˭Կʵ
ϼҵھӣСʱҾģҺܺãһԶٷַ͵ͬʱעԿɫ
ȻãôڲҲǵġԿûΪĹԹַ
ڻϰ࣬Ҫ°˲ҿɲΪͳԷ˹
ԣˣټӼˡԿ˵
ãԡַЦŵͷԿıַǳ⣬ɲϲԼŮ˹ۡ
˷˼в˵ٶȣ죬Է
˳ԷĿ϶ղŵλ϶ıȥ
ʦˣղŶеҼүʦֹȥһ𣬾Ͳ֪ʦǷ񷽱㡣϶ַ統ҵӵܣҲֹسƺַ硣
үǣַüͷ΢壬ʵ
Ҽү׽ꡣ
гꣿԭг˵ĹӣȻǺô硣ַ˵Ǵһ˿Ц
Ե޹ʽסԿˡ롯ԼȥλгӾʲôͼ
ʦ֣һүûжġ϶ıЩΣֻܾά
ˣҲΪ㣬ǰ·ɣҹȥַͷ˵ҲȥЩʲôһ
ߡ϶ƣǰ·
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¥϶ƿһԸİš
ˣһᣬվַ硣
ллַͷ
ղŵ飬ᣬҰŮѵһˣʵǲ˼еԷһȵַ£Լһ׾ƣһڱ㽫׾ȥľȻܺã°׾һûС
ˣ˵˱Ҳû¡ϾгĹӣޱҪַҲڹٶ
ҲȾƣԲƣүһַԼһ裬豭ңңһŽȥ
ãˬ죬Ҿϲύѡһãϲɫ·ĺܹܿύַλѡ
һ£к࣬ϰ־ǹֳԺʲô鷳׼ûһСѰ˽һ£ַ¾ȣȻȺ֣үǸ򵥵ģȫǹٶûһС٣ʵȨŵܡ
ַҲɵýٶɲôôһȺһ»鷳
ַ粻鷳鷳
ãáַһһ֣Ǵк
Ĺٶַ綼൱ַоܹ죬ЩַĸоóǵЦЩ١
٣ŮѻڵңǸپ۾۰ɡڰ˽ӣַһ뿪˰ᡣ
ȵַһ߿ʱ
磬һﻹͦקģбҪô𣿡ֵĽе
԰磬Ҿٵþ͸øơ
Ǽҡҡͷ˻еľƱζ˵λ֣˵οȭͦġ
ǰ仰ƺ޹ڳļһﶼ˾һ⻰еĺˡ
磬ûָЦ
˲֪ǹЦʱ뿪ַҲЦЦĶϴһֻӶĴ˰ڵ˵
ħãƼҲͬá


090 Դ
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ȭݣ
⼸ʻյһʱַЩ׶ԷͼˣҪԼǹʹԸǼɶȭˡ
гҵĹӣȻȨƣܹȴԲСӣֱӶԿĶȻҲʲôСɫַҪıŵǹʹһ׮鷳¡
ЩٶʲôļһԶһĺá
Ȼ鷳ûŵ£Ļʲôһǹٶͳͳһ
ûʲôӪĻˣڰ˵ŮˣַҲûȤͰ
ڵĿƼԽԽƼõĳɱҲԽԽһ׼豸һһһֻ˰Ԫַʮף׷ڴָﱸãȻó
ħװУҲּװװ̫һЩʹÿƼװʡǮʡ¡
ϾֻҪ˰ٿǮ涪Ҳۡ
ҲһǮһֻ豸ļЧҲôˣЧʮףʮ׾ûʲôˣֻܽм
ôû°ɣַԿеʵ
ûءַЦЦ˵ϴˣ⿪Ҳǽ˸ѡ
ŶͺãҾͷˡԿĳһ
ԣһᣬҪء
ţ
˱߳ԱģŵһСʱ¹˹
¡ַվӣ
СԼԿЦе˵С磬ŮѰɣĿ濡
ţŮԿ
Կɫ΢죬ɿĳַ翴һۣЩִٵĽеá
Կһַĳ棬ҲǵһַĳǰͳŮѣԿЩִ٣ҲЩϲ
ǰôҰҽ͸ĳԿԵû겻ᡣ
Եʲô㡣ַ罫˵̯Ƶǰ
ããںԹģԱͿˡæҡҡ֣ķôô˼԰
ַ˵Ҳڲ򹤹ģ֪ԱͶ4ҳԵģڿͶˣɣˣҲˣ
С磬ԳԾˣһʲôǾľͺˣ׬Ǯףʡһĺáĳ˵
ûأǳһɡԿҲһȰ˵
ԱٸҼ˰ɡַѷԱ˹Ͻˡ
С簡Ʒˡ̾һַ飬Ҳһů
ʲôƷѲƷѵģСʱҳԵĶˣʱҿûкַ΢Ц˵
ٸģڲӻѾˣ
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ٸҲƽУòˣٸ绰һ۾۰ɣҶöûٸˡַϲ˵
ٸж㣬Ͳ˰ɡɵ˵ţۿȴЩˡ
ж㣬ٸʲôˣַ¿ӣ˫ü
ٸ統ڲӵʱΪһж˴ȣ·ˣصطԺ󣬹ҲڵذһеĹٸӣҲ֪ģǸƢ쵼磬쵼һ֮һ֮£ʹְˡ
ٸûʲôƾȻ֤Ϊ·㣬ǱĹҲûҪʵûˣȥظɻȻ·㣬еģڹҲ׬һݺڵķǮ
û뵽ǳˣڰשʱ򣬽µ̤ˣ¥ǾȻˣǼ׵˺죬Ҳ߲·ˡ˵صĿ
ô飬ôû˵ַ𾪵˵
һ꣬պòμӸ߿Һ˵Ӱ㿼ԡ˵ҪллأʱǮľǮҶûءĨһᣬ˵
ǮС£ܻҪġַȰοҵ飬ĸ֪ģӰԼһֱû˵
˵Ҳͦģɷȥˣòװٸˣ˳Ϣû뵽ַ飬ž˸оᡣ
ٸˣεú𣿡ַʵ
ҽ˵ȥԣлᣬȥ⣬ǱǮϼҵķˣܽǮҲˣҲû취ˡһ˵ţٴĨᡣ
Ҳˣȥһ𿴿ٸɡԱ
ַѷԱ˹ּˣҪȫߡ
С磬ˣˡ
ҺٸôõĹϵȥһȷ˲ְɣַЦ˵
⡭ķǹ󣬿ζҲǺܺõģҲöӺúóһ١
ڵԴͿݹˣַϽ˻⡣
ǰٲܸɻͿҵĹˣÿ¶ǧǮأõˡ
죬һᣬòҴ
߰ɣסģ
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ͦԶİƽʱô°ࣿ
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һгȻǴ˵ģҲ̫һЩַһ⳵ֱĽֶȥ
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ˣҼ¥˳⳵ָ¥˵


091 ᣨһ
ˣ¥ݲߣһ㣬Щһ¥ţ¥ݡ
ʽطһ䣬м乲ãûг
Ĵ·£ߵ¥¥Ȼһ㣬ʤڼ۸ˣǰķ䣬ǧ塣
򿪷ţһɵĳζ֮˳һʺɧζùζĽ壬źܡ
ѾϰζˣȻ˽ȥ
ַԿζͲôӦˣſڶһ٣Ÿ߽˷䡣
裬ôô硣ûдֻڵޱһޱһӣӿȵĽе
٣㿴˭ˡЦ˵ÿӣ¶ˡ
㡭ַ磿ԴٳԾĽһ
ٸ磬ңַ簡ַ缤ǰһץסԴٵ֡
Һúÿַ㰡öûˣ㻹ӣû䣬һ㶼û䡣էȻʱ飬ԴҲϲ
ٸ磬Ҳû䣬ӻ׳øţӵƵġַԲԵ˵ʵѾˣԴٿƿ࣬ʵѾݵֻʣƤͷֻΪǼԿ׳˶ѡ
ܺǱˣҶзϵˡԴȻ˵ֻǶĲзϣɫû̫ĲȻڲзϵʵϰߡ
ٸҲǲ˵ģҲǵģΪʲôأ˵ַЩˡ
ҵ»ʲô˵ģˣô֪ģԴһЦ˻⡣
ھƵ£ҸպҲǼҵԷˣҪ˵һ֪ءַ˵
ٸ磬ھڱӵԱ߻ֻӣһֻõƤһֻƤ
ٲƷ޷еֹֻܿҵֹ֯Ƥֻһһı֯
Դֻٰ̱Ǻõģڼֹ֯Ƥ롣
һ˵ֻʱķѳֵֻͣЩڼû긾ŮŻ
ҪǳΣԴִүôָŮĻ
ôƤɣһʮǮءԴһõƤԴ˵
ͦõġַЦЦЦЩɬ
λŮôҽһ£ŮѰɣԴָָԿ
ԡַһĶͷЦ˵£ԿŮѣŶ˵ǶԣǰһҰ
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ٸٸ磬з˻ô໰ַָԴ٣Ц
СӣҲû䰡Դָͱͱַ䣬ҲǹЦ
һԵŹЦˣοĨĨ۽ǣ˵ԴٿǺþûôĹˡ
л˵٣ǸʲôöˣЩ˶ַ绨ǮģɺóˣҪúóЦŽ򿪣һһȰڷ˳
ǶɣɺþûԹˡԴһһʵ͵廨⣬ˮ
ģ֪ٸϲһڡַЦ˵ԴٷӸ˱ͷԷ
ζԴȲļһ鶫廨ڼһŨŨ𣬴һֱ쵽θ
óԣóԡԴľ׽Ĵ⣬һ˿ͻ
裬Щ˶ģôôó԰ԴĶ⣬ЩŹֵʵڶζ̫ˣҲûгԹôóԵĶɲһľƵġ
㵱ģȻ񻪴ƵˣôˣСüأܲó𣿡ֵ˵
İѹôóԣ̫һЩһµˡԴٵɴ۾ּһⶪֻһԴ󻢾׽ĸˣϸϸƷеĶ⡣
Ҳٳһ㡣æк
УҲմַ֡ЦŵͷԿʾһۣӣҲһڶ⡣
񻪴ƵĲȹ˹һ㣬ζȷ
һٷ˳ԵΪ⣬üЦܾûôĹˡ
ַ糯һۣ˵Եˮˮģܲȥһ㣿
Уţȥˮûж룬̴Ӧ
һȥɣҲˮ
ããžͺãһˮѣһȥͿˡæҡͷ
һһȥɣ·ҲáԿȴóַҪ֧ԼҪԴٵദ˵˵ˡ
УһȥߡԿ˵ЦŴӦ
ȵ߿ԴٳַһЦ˵ʲôܺú˵бҪҪ֧
ҪַЦЦ˵վ𣿡
ʲôԴٳԾĽе


092 ᣨ
ʲôԴٳԾĽеվ
ⲻܵģںҿЦ𣿡Դٲŵҡҡͷ
ʶôˣ㿴ʲôʱ򣬸㿪Ц𣿡
ַȻżȻҲῪСЦԴϣȴҲûſڿӣЦ
⡭վԴٶַĻǲš
ƭıҪ𣿡ַ֣ص˵зڶʱڻָӵиǿǳ˵ǰ棬ҲС˺ӣҿκƣҲΪ¡
Ϊ£Ҫʲôɱ˷Ż𡣡ԴٺЦ˵ԣַĻǲ̫š
ɣҽʲôʲôȻҲΥĵ飬ڷǾͲ˵ˡַϲء
ģԴٿַɫһҲα
ģôԸΪ𣿡ַٴʵ
ʵϣַ޳ΪԴˣһʩɣгƣԴٸӿġ
ңַԴٵΪҲŵùģҪΪԼ£ԴȻǷǳõѡ
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Ϊʲôַ磬κҵˣҿǼ׵ëԴٶַ˵ǣǰŰɡ
ӦͺãʣµͲˡַɵЦЦ
ôҪôҪȥļҽԺ𣿡
ʲôãŲˡ
Ų˵ھҪʼΪƣ
ΪƣھͰκáַ͵ֳһŹӵƤᣬƤ˸۵Ľ⣬֮УữΪҽһӻҽмȥԴٵļ׵ϡ
žΪһᣬһ
һǹʦרеĹϵħӵмΪǿЧҼ˲Ч
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ҩˮҲκˣҪȽѵ´ϣٺҩˮŻЧַûִ񾭵ļԻʹӵЧ
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ʲôԴٻڸոտУַʻûлع
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ôôģԼϵ쳣ӦԴԵЩãȻ
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ַԴٵϼһţЦе˵ҸոʩչѾЧˣ˵㼹׵ϵѾָ̫ˣҪȫָж磬Ҫһʱ䣬λָʱ䲻̫ģֻҪиһʱ䣬ͿԻָˡ
ҡһָˣԴٳԾ˵
ԣָˣ׵κˣԭҲָˣֻҪһ죬Ϳȫָ
ַ磬лл㣬ˡԴѾ֪˫ȣ˵
ĸԸ̱Ų
ԴζָˣֳļǿǽεĻϵģҪǻиĸҪ飬˵һˡ
ַ磬лл㡣Դٴθм˵
ַκļ׵³ΪһصӺַ˸мҲԸΪַ
֮仹Ҫ˵Щ𣿡ַЦЦһת˵ȻѾΪ£ôͬҪǩµġ
С飬û⡣ԴڴӦ
ȵȣҰѺͬдһ¡ַһֳһžᣬžܲɫĻƣֻмһհ׵ĵط
һԾᣬַһԾᣬһΪǿԾᡣ
ַóһֻѾ׼õֱʣֱʲ⣬ǸֱװʺħѪҺ
ַʣھһһֵдԼԼʹõֲûҪ󣬲ǹ½ľģģģͨĺ֣ӢģûйϵҪĲʹõ֣дĸʽдʱľ
ʶд֣ЩַЧþӵԵģддµľ
ַдʱʹõ֣ҲԼΪϤĻĺ֡
һᣬдϣ࣬һ


093 ᣨ
һԴЧַʮꡣ
ַ粻ָԴΥ֮¡
Դٲñַ硣
ġַоԴٵ
塢ַͬ⣬Դٲ˵йַκϢ
ԴٲκΣַ磬ӰַΪ
ߡΥ併٣߿Ѫ
Ծϵַʱģݲ̫ƣ˵൱ªҪĲֶѾдȥѾ㹻ʹãٿַĵĽһЩԴȥ
ãԴַָָеľᣬĲ˼顣
ãٱȷɺͬЧˡַЦ˵
㿴ݰɣûĻֻʣǩ֣ˣǩַָžϵһط˵˫ǩĵطϸҪģһҪ
Դٿ۾ϵݣݲ̫࣬˵һĿȻ
ϵݶԴЩԿԴٲ̫⣬ϾҲ븶Ĵۡ
û⣬ôҾǩˣԴ̧ͷַ硣
ţǩֱ֣ǩַ֡罫װħѪҺĸֱʵ˹ȥ
ԴٽӹֱʣˢˢˢھǩԼɫ֡
ʲôѪԴٶ˶ӣھŵһѪζ
İɣѪһҰ޵ѪҺַЦЦ˹ԴǩǰҲдԼ֡
ʲôãԴٶַΪΪ⡣
һƵľᣬдֽʵһΥԼͻ䣬߿ѪַչԼԴٷǳ˵
ЧԴʧٰŰɡ
ôõģļ٣ַ粻ٹ˼ԴٵɫչᣬùϵǻĽͨ
ĹŹԣԴٴδ˵ټַʱ±飬Դٶַ˵ǣѾŲˡ
ħǶϣ꣡һڵ£͵ѪɫĹâѪ֮УϵŤһѪдɵĺ֣·һ㣬һ𣬷ɿھγһԽغһâǡ
ѪһâǵĴѪһĹ㣬ֱַԴ٣˵Ķͷ˽ȥ
ַ΢΢۾ԼĸоһѪԼĳһؿռ䣬ƽʱʱѪⲻӰַκΪһַΥԼϵͬʱҲ͵ڼеѪ⣬Ѫⱬͻַ壬ʼ˺
ַĸоУһѪǿ󣬵ΪԸǩԼѪ֮ڣҪֿѪıҪʮ
ѪԣַҪΪħʦĶԿ䡣
ˣԼˣʱϢһ죬ָˣٸ͹ַ罫¾ã˴ռ䡣
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˶٣ַ˵ҿԼ򵥵ĸһЩ飬ϵȷһЩĴڣһżȻĻ£һλϵϵԳˣ˵ԵѾλͽҴһЩֶΣոչʾ㿴ģҵֶ֮һ
ַյܹҪһģȻˣַ㽫ԴƵϵϣ翵ϵʿ˭Ҳò֤
ˣԴٳһԴ룬־ȻҲֻɵֶΣܰİ죬˲κá
ʱſ˿ַԴԾı͡
һ죬ſԿ˵Ц˽
Сʱ£ַŴԿ뿪
ڣԴ١ͻȻĶ˵裬ҵȺЩ顣
Щ飿ֵظһ䣬ʲô˵ģ
˵оԼˣӦ˹Ľе
ӵ°Ѿ̱ãѾкüûиоˣ˵Щ飬ѵѾиоˣ
ֻиоˣҸࡣ嵽˶ߣȲ˵
ֻֻȶˡԴٵԴҿԼĸףΪ˵ˣȲˣѾԾܶˣֱô˵õ̫ˣĸ׻ִ̼ܲ
ҲԴٺַĽַԴ̱飬˵ڣֻ֪
Դ˸СѣѳԼиоˣȹ죬ȡĺܽ飬ӦҲǳϲġ
ɲ֪е飬ӵȣż˵٣ȥҽԺɣû׼ȱˣоˡ
裬ٵȵȿɣȥҽԺһ£Ҫüأ̫ˣûҪǸԩǮԴ֪ԼǶô棬ɲȥҽԺҽ壬һʲôһҽĹעǾͲˡ
⡭ҲãǾ͵ȹ˵ɣҲʡҲǺõġʡǮĿ£ҲȥҽԺͷ


094 ˵
ַǺԿùݿķ䣬ϾԸĸڼңԿȥ㣬翪ɡ
һ䣬̴ַסԿһڡ
ԿҲѾӦַǣַ绺Ӧ
϶ǺϴɡԿƿַ磬ϴ΢졣
ǾһϴˡַһЦԿᱧ߽ԡҡ
ԡѵþ⣬ԿΪַȫͿĨԡ¶Ȼɫ΢İַСֵܣҲĴϴɾ
Կϴ£СֵܶʱȻ̧ͷַһˬķ·һɵȫ
ַ̲סˣҲ˼ϵĭһѱסԿǽϣһʱ䣬ԡﴺɫޱߡ

ݽԴֿ֪żֵԭʯ֮ŵһ϶˯ˣַʱֻȦ
ϽˣǮţȥϢֿַϽһңǧǮ
̫ˣõôడٰɣپ͹ˡݽٳ˻ȥ
ӦõģžͺãֲȱǮ㻹ҿַЦЦֽǮ˻ȥ
⡭ⲻ˼
Ͷãʲô˼ġַ罫ǮƵݽĻ˵Ͻ緹û԰ɣպ˰ӺͶһԡ
ַȥԼĳţó˰ӺͶ
һһ㡣
ҾͲˣպöӶ
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ģһ׬ʮûģڿȥѺ֮ʣµǮҲͲˣҡ
ƽУҲˡ
һʣҲˣϺӣҲװַ˵
պŹɡݽһЦڵ㲻öãҲˡ
ҲǴ˵̬ǲ˼ȡõʵˣֻܰ״
ģ㿪ҹ˾ѹ˾һҵ񽻸нʮõĻ׻зֺ죬ôȤ𣿡ַҧһӣ˵
ҾáݽһʮнǷǳĶģɱԼҪȶˣҲ࣬ǽݽҲףûѵͣҲŸ鷳£ʮнɲôõġ
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ݽַʶ˾ҽݽҲ㲻ԭʯ͵ĶԽݽһСС飬ͨѻĹ۲죬ݽԭʯĿطǳְƷûġ
ַѾ˿˾Ĵ㣬˾Ҫ㣬һԴ֣Դַ粻ȱ־Ͳôˣرֵε֣ҡ
Ĺ˾ʲôʱʼӪݽ𿪿ʵȻݹѾˡ
ڻڳﱸУҲҪһµʱɣʱڣԺúÿһ¡ַ罨
УҿǿǡݽͷĴһ˷ܵɫ
ݽߺַӿĳһ̨и
ֿʮԭʯ䣬ǲиˣַиǴԲеɼ
ϼžٰרַииȡе䡣
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ַ绹ǵԭʯλãֵʱ򣬷ǳ׼ͷһ£Ͱԭʯг꣬һߵԭʯϣԳһĨɫ
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иԭʯϺƬ̺ټһͱи
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ιƣп𣿡
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м䣬ôп𣿡
˵ϴϼ򵽵𣿡
ǣ⼸飬Ҳļ۸ҲܴܲΪ⼸䡣
Ŷû⣬ҹɣ鱦ҲƷģʵĻҿ
Сʱֿ⡣
⡭˵ļ䣿ָŵ϶ѳСѵ䱦ʯַָָѾҷ
ĲడҲʮ顣ַЦ޹
ơ


095 
һʮ壬һʮ䣬Ҽǵʮԭʯټԭ䣬Ҳ˵ԭʯʮ䣿ƳԾĽе
ôģôܣÿԭʯﶼ䣿Ʋŵʵ
Һ˵һ͸ۣŲţַЦʵ
ţưַһۡ˵ˣα͸۷ҡ
㿴㿴˵ʵֲŰɣҾû취ˡַ̯̯֣ʾԼΡ
ѹе𾪣˼Ŀϵ䣬ַʵǹİɣһͿЩԭʯ䣬Թ⽫Щԭʯߣ֪֪⼸ϼžٰרˣԭʯп֮󣬶ûгֺ䣬һϵ䶼ûУҶ˵ϼԴγãԭʯǵ͵ȻԲſġ
º޹ذ
ԭǺ޹صģҿôϵҾ֪϶йϵˣòǰϵԭʯ˰ɣרʣµԭʯſ䡣ƿַ磬һ˵ı顣
ʯҲʮľ䣬ǺôҲӮûᣬַ罫ԭʯ֮ʣµԭʯͶˣͺһһͷȽѾߣʣµȻܴµĲƱ鵽нƱˡ
Ķľ֣Źأ
ѽ˵ЩûϵˣæҵЩǮָõȥַϽתƻ⡣
ߣһϵܻࡣƲĺһŽϵһһ
˵ƽȴˣڶʯҵѶϴ˵ģַȻܹ׼ԭʯص䣬ⲻ̫˼
ôһģѵ͸
ܣϲ͸۵ģxҲ͸ԭʯڲṹ
ַ羿ôԭʯģ
Ƶģ֣ҵĲ
ַӴԽãԽַ֪Ĳ򵥣ҲԽַء
ľͺҩһϵʴƵ񾭡
³һ˵㾿ôģЩɶϵ䣬㻨һǧǵԭʯȴٻڡ
ڣô𣿡ַɹ˲Ƶĺ棬Щȵʵ
Ѿˣֻ಻١
˶٣ƽ˵㿪Ķϵ䣬ͷ˵һҲֵһٶ򣬼ֵǧپſ飬䶼ֵǧϣҸڣѾǺܱصļֵˡ
ô䣬Ҫôأַʵ
ҪôˣǴԭϣǴƷˣԭҲԼ֣Ϊδļ۸һ㣬ʤڳֿ죬Щ͵鱦˾Щԭ϶ǷǳϲģڶƷģҪһЩ̴ʦԭϵɳƷг֣һԭϾʦֵܹ֮ߵļ۸񣬲һõĴʦһ׵飬ҷѵʱҲȽϾá
ȱǮԭϰɡַ˵дΪĴ㣬һʽ֧֡
ĻҿΪϵңʵõңϼţϼŲۺ񣬶Ҳչԭϣǳļ۸Իģǿڵ²ϼųɣ˵ƵǶʱһ˿ĻЦ
ϼŻ˰ɣ𣿡ЩΪŹַ֣ɲٰЩϼš
Ǵֿһ
һɣֿ̫鷳ˡ
ĻҲֻϷ鱦ˣҲһֺŵĴҵҲвԵһƬ䡣
˵ûĻڸ绰ô
ǾͶлˡַͷЦ
ιԪưŶģһλһϵ䣬ҵ鱦ǳԲˣͲ֪ԪȤ𣿡
Ǻãھ͹ȥ
˵绰ƶַ˵ϵˣԪϷڱصĸˣҲҰְֵĺѣ˵ϵܸȤھͿ͹ȥ
ھ͹ȥû⡣ַͷкõԭϷŵһֻźãӰᵽ˿ڡ
˵ʵôҲˣôҲÿóǿܣĶˡڿʻϣҡͷ˵
ҿ󰡣ҵĿʵֺãЩɱȲҵĿַЦ˵ַֻҲð򳵵ͷҲʱԼ򲿺óˡ
ˣӺƹȥͣ͵ˡƵָ·£ϷĺŴͣ
ַ罫򿪣˫һᣬͰװԭϵӰ
һӵԭϣҲж£ȴַɵַ֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ģôô󣿡ȣ̲סֱַһѡ
ۣӲƵֳһĨ̾ɫ
ιʲôôӲҪôɫòãҰѳֲסġַЦЦ˵ָ
ɫأһ죬ҲӦˣԼ˵ĻȷЩǡرǶһ˵ô˵Ӳأ
ȥɣõˡɨַһۣһ˿Īɬȥ
ַЦҡҡͷ̧ӣƵ


096 ˽
Сʱַ˴Ϸ
ϷԪַȥǳȤϾܹһԹʮϵ䣬ǶϷĴ鱦ҵ˵ҲһӵĪ顣
ĲɹܿͱȷֻһʱŰļֵϣ۸ȷ֮󣬱ǵȴˡ
ϾһʼֵڵĴ⣬ԪΪмĸˣҲûôȨһֻܽϱȴϼ쵼ľ
ϷϾֺŵĴţЧʻǷǳģŵ˰Сʱַ͵õȷϢܹ˾Ѿͬչ䡣
ʮֵܼǶڰǧǳ˴ģûԳַ¶»ᱻٵüǧ
ڰǧֽ𣬺ܿʹַ˻ַ˻ʽѾǧʮʮ̡
һڶʽַеǸƻҲԿʼˡ
ƽлˣԶӦõİɣַЦ˵
УһľƵҿɲȥҿҪԴ˰Це˵
û⣬ƵѡַЦʽףʲôνġ
Ǻãȥ˽ˡ
˽ˣôߣ
˽û˵Ŷˣ㲻ǱˣûҲ
ȥ·ɣˣٸôߡ
õģˣ˽˺𣿡
Ȼ˽˿˵ǱĲ˹ݣû֮һ΢Ц˵
ôô˽ʲôرأ
ģҵǻʹϻ˱ؿҾ¥Ҿ¥ڵؿ˶ٶ꣬˵ǵʷƾõľƵֻ꣬ϧʮ궯ڼ䣬Ҿ¥Ȼľɵñӣˣٺ̫ƽҺ¿Ҿ¥ֻҺΪ˼ɻ䵱飬¥ҲҾ¥ǱΪ˽ˡ
˽˵ζǻʹģζһȻ۸һЩǾֵƷġ
ôһ˵ҿˮҪˣҿҪһˡַ˿ڿˮ׼һһ㡣
˽ضβ˵൱ƫƧҪָ·ַ綼Ҳַ
˽˵ͣȴǳ֣ټͣѾͣ˸ֺ˽ҳ˵ûд˽˵ȷڵطǳԷĶһЩǮˡ
ַ߽֮ͣ˽ˡ
ȻλƫƧһ㣬˽˵ڲȴװ޵ļΪһڣͿ˸оһҼƷλľƼҡ
ǳ˼Ѿˣò͵ĻȡԵһ¡
ַ糯һߵɳһŵĿˣȻЩ˶ȡ˺ƣڴ˵ȴͲ͡
ַ粻˼Ŀƣƣ㿴Ҫ´ɣҪŲܳԷǾ̫ˣַԸԡ
ǺǣˣΪˣǽȥɡЦЦſӭĶߵ˵˾ʲôӭͷһ̴ָ˽˾Ƶꡣ
Ѿλˣַ룬Ҳ뵽ܡ
λûȷλõġ
ƵУַ֪˽ΪԷһÿľӪУܻôλд
һͿڱҪʱõĳЩխȨˡ
СֻеͲ֪ǡǵܹͣʹÿλá
˵͵ĻӦòרĿλɣһ㣬ַǳ档
һȻûģҲһû㣬ĸʲô𣿡Це˵
ĸʲôѵĸַܿ뵽һϣ˵Ȼĸôǲĸ׾ҵˣ˽˵ҿģʸʹñĿλ
û㲻ⷢҲͦġЦе˵
Ӵʵ̫òˣ㼸Ҵˣһܲ²𣿡ַε˵
С㣬ˣԵʲô͵˵Цʱӭһλ˹
ƿЦ˵첻ԽԽƯ˰
Ҷˣȵ϶С绪ïĶˡ˵Ц䣬ųԱһָ˵Сߣ߻пλ
˽˵ǰƸղűӭйҲֻͨ㣬ҵλ
С㣬ԵȣҪʲôˣҷԱͿˣǱ߻пˣҵøϽȥкˡ㽫һﰲãͷЦЦŸȥʼգַ̬ȶǳҲ˵ǽַӵˣҪǸһ¶ַС䡣
ܽӣַʵ
Ӿʵ˲ģ˵Щˣʲôֱӵɡƴ˵ַǮʲô˾͵ʲôˡ
У˵ַ緭˵۵ĵһӡǹ


097 
ù󰡣һƽܲҲҪٰˣַѾԹһٹ˵ģǺͽ˽һȣĲҪࡣ
ϣйģʼܲ˰ٰʮһݣܲ˲ΰַ翪ĳһΪǮֻۣľò˼̫ˡ
һǮһֻЩܲǾƵģٰһݵƽܲһͿãʼܲҪãʱķѺܳʹõĲҲǾϸѡ˵ȥľˣôһܲһҲģŵĻԵһζЦ˵
ãҾԻʼܲζַͷŲ˵ȥ
ƤѼʮһݣĹģƮ㼦һǧһֻ⼦ƽ𣿡˵һҳҳķȥÿ˵ļ۸ǧһһԪĲ˶ûУ˵һһƤ趹ۼһһ
Ǯ̫ˣĲôóԣַϲ˵Ƶҡҡͷ
Ǻǣʵע⵽ûУ㷭Ĳ˵Ͻдžװ֣Ȿ˵ǰרõģҲֻаݲ˵ڴò͵Ļһͨ˵Ǳ˵ĲҪⱾ˵ٱ֮һҲڴò͵ġЦŽ͵
ԭôζϲжأȻ˼۲һôζ϶ҲһˣĻ˭ﵱԩͷ
˵۸һʳĺҲǲһģȻζҲЩͬһ˵ĲȣѾ㹻ǵθڡ
òĻҿ˵˰ɡƶĲȶǳϤ÷˵ֱӾͰѲ˳
ƵĲȲܶ࣬һַĬһ۸񣬽һپҪǧǮ⻹һЩûеȵԭ
˽ĲҪһֲȵʱǳԲģҪǰԤ
ףǻʼܲŲܲʲôζܴ࣬㣬ԽԽóԣܲŲܲǺܺóԣѵõζַһܲԵ̾
ζɣԼһ廨⵽ַ⣬ζ
÷ʵⰡףڼʶ壬óԣóԡ
Ͽҵ˵˽˵ĲζǳζԹ񻪴Ƶ껹ҪóԣҲѹ˽˵ļ۸Ҫ񻪴Ƶ껹Ҫˡ
һ罷ͷûϣΪͷҪģϵһ㡣ƸԼһ⣬һ߾׽һ˵
˳Ƭ̣һһλɫʦĳŮһԶ罷ͷ˽
λŮ˲䣬ַĺë屾ܵԤ·ʲôĪΣգڿ
ַĿ̳ŮȥΣյĸоˣԵĸоĲоóں¡
ǶΣյԭʼܣֱڽĵ·ʧˣַӵй˵ľ͸֪ܹᵽΣյĴڡ
ǰŮǳΣգͺһѳʵĳâ¶ɱڡ
ַԸоĳԼǰŮսԼϹС
һλַ֣ԼĿԸоһλõĸ֣һλõָ֡
ף㣬³ƿˣȵĽе
΢΢һЦӷŵϣ˵³ģ˵ԷҾͶ罷ͷˣҲ˳·
俴ַ磬Ц˵ãƵı㣬䣬ôƺ
ãҽַ硣ַ˵ĿĿֵĺʧ
˸֣Ҳǳš
Ҳ⣬ַͷֿƣЦƣǱͲǹˣпճ氡ʲôʱܺȵƵϲưİ֣ϵϳ
㣬ҲϲءʲôʱܺȰƿɲô۸ģ̷
ɶûأ˭˭
ǺǣˡЦһϽߡ
ַıԵþɲλߵС㣬õָ֣
㣿ַŤͷʵ
ǰұ㣬䡣Ƶͷ
ŶôӦҵĳŮɣΪСԸղŻС㡣ַʵ
ţСʱҾȥ⹫ż棬ΪұȱС꣬ǾͽҶСˣһҲֻҵľ˲Żҵġƽ͵
ˣϹżô죬мǼ𣿱絶
ôܣ⹫ңֲңʲôʲôŤͷַ磬ɵʵôġ
ûʲôҵĳմô꣬ǳʦ˵һʲôҲһءַƭ
ǺǣС˵ˣʲôְָǶ׫ģ˵Сʱȷ⹫ģ⹫̵һҲЩ̫ȭ˲࣬ûʲôͷġ
ŶǺм𣿡
ûˣ⹫һһΣ⹫˵׵ųմģҳյĸǲ⴫ģվˣܿ⹫ҲҲûм⹫ˡ˵ƿַ磬ɫ
ʵ˵ʵǲ⹫ĵʲô⣿
һ⵶Σǽ챻ַôһ͸оԾˡ
ʲô⣬Ҵѡַڰ֣ʾԼ޹
ˣ㡣ƺһŤͷԸϵʳȥˡ
ַҡҡͷҲһ⣬
ʳַȴˡ
ңȻǴڵġ


098 뻹Ұ
˵Ǹˣǿ˵ļһַҲһûϹ
˵ַڵĿǰĸ֣һһλ֡
ַ簵ԹһʵʵӦú͹½ϵһͭսʿࡣ
½ԷΪְҵϵһʩߣһǽսսʿ
ʩ߷Ϊħѧͽħʦħʦħʿħʦ
սսʿΪսʿѧͽͭսʿսʿƽսʿʥ
ʵҲͺͭսʿ࣬ҲǸ߶ΣӦǳΣжεͭսʿ
ڹ½ͭսʿӴ󣬼洦ɼҲͲսʿ
ͭսʿħʦλһµģߵʵȫԵȣߵսܺܶصӰ죬һӰرǾ롣
һλħʦͭսʿʱһλͨħʦҲԶλͭսʿĴͬģһλͭսʿħʦʱ򣬺п˲䣬ɱ
ħʦͭսʿսں̶ܴϣɾġ
ȻַܴѹǾһ룬ַ緢ԼȫǶֻ֣ҪͶԷ־룬кܴİܹɱԷ
һ룬ַࡣ
һɻָͷʵûԤеôǿΪʲôԼķӦôأ
ַ뵽һֿܣܿΪյַδʶ״η֣ŻôҵķӦ
ַһȤС£˵һͷϻһͷ¿Ϊϻδ¿Կͷ¿֮ǳǰ¿һһϻûĴ̶ϻɵˣβˡ
˻Ƕδ֪Ļ־ġ
ַĽ͡
Ҫַ֪ڹ½ҲǼʶģ½Щ洦ɼӶУͲĸ֣ǶսսʿŵͷѪģǵսҪַ࣬ЩӶʱȴӦȻܲ
ַ²⣬ķӦ֮ԻôȫΪδӴյԭ
һ£ҲַľȻܷϵôǷҲַ쳣أ
ķӦ˵ƺûвַ쳣ҲܿΪ֮Ѿַ쳣ֻǹⱣ侲
ΪϢĲԵȣΪĲ˽⣬ַڵ
ʲôأƾ׽ܲʵ
ûʲôַЦЦع
˵˿Ŀַ磬һ˿ŭ
ġַ˵뿪һҵֶû룬Щء
뿪һҵʲôƺʵ
Ҷַ򶨵˵
ҶҶ²Ȼһֲĺܶ࣬չҶĹҲܼңûʲôرƣôùǣҡҡͷַ뷨á
Ʋ䷽⣬оԵġַŵ˵
ǵʱҿҪúƷƷĲ裬˵ԱʵܺýģͨĹڵؾͿеҲĹڵص档
ĻҲȥƸϽƸֱȥͷ˾нˣһҵҵ֣ӦǸ߲߲ԼϤˣε֣ĻԹ˾ֲϤױĻǮ
ڲټҵƸְҵˣְҵҲҪԷʺƷģһԷۻһ㣬ž๴һ£װѹ˾Կյġ
ڶĵգΪȫΪӪΪؿ¸ɡ
⵹ҲǡַͷطǳһҵԣҪȻǲԶġ
Ҫҹҵɣַ翴Ц˵
ңǺǣҿûǸ£Ҳֻ鱦õȵܵܣ飬ǲܵġҡͷ˵
Լһ뷨û𣿾ûԼ룿ַ
ʱ˭ûй룬ֻʱˣҲ͵ˡҡҡͷ
ʱأż갡ַǵĻһƵıǼ⣬Ц˵
Ƶ΢΢һ죬򶨵ķʵأŬ׬Ǯ𣿡
Ҳ̫С˰ɣŬ׬Ǯҵˣ
Ҹɣڵռ򡣡ַ˵ַ˵һЦ
ô㲻ţַ練ʵ
ţţǺǣףռ򡣡Ц
ȵгһռʱҵĺһϯ֮ء˵ַԼҲ̲סЦ
ðҿɲôҲɣЦĸˡ
У㵱ʺòá
˺ˣЦĶӶˣ㿪ЦˡһЦͣһ߿ǽϵʱӡʱˣҸûȥˡ
У͵ɡַͷȥ
ͻؼַ֮罫ͣ·ߣӽܴ˵绰
ӵַ绰ӽܳһϳ˿ϲɫ绰Ѿüˡ


099 ٶԼ
ַӽܴ˵绰Լϵط棬νϵطϴεĲ¥ˡ
µ绰ַȴδ̸ȥ¥ǽؼУ˽˴˼ȣҪȥԿζ
ȽĲͻؼУַŲǰȥ¥
ַ絽ʱӽڰĲɵĺ衣
ˡַһᣬӽվЦݵʺá
ξֳõˣǲ˼ַ󷽷ӽܶ棬΢Ц˵
̫ˣĸոպáӽЦ˵
ξֳƢôãѹھкúþֳĳƺ
ӽھǳĺƢ˭Ϳģ˭Ҳ˭Ҳÿοʱ򣬻϶˵úúãԲ˺úþֳıơ
һС±㿴óӽһλ̵ļһŴһ
ӽܵЦ΢΢һܿͻָЦ˵ҵҲǿӲһѣͷȨҪǿӲɲô׵顣
һλһֳֵ֮⣬кüλֳÿλֳһְȨӽȻҲԼǹϵھһֱȽϿΪ˱֤ԼİȫôЩӽܵĲԱǵһûġúþֳ
˵ܸӵģǾˣҵȵĿദӽܿЦ˵
⵹Ҳǣٳƺǲеŵġַϵ軺ĺһڣȻ˵ξֳҶϴ˵飬ҲͦȤģξֳú˵˵¡
˵ӽԼӣһģ
飬ԭһܣеϸڣ˵
ַһָ˵ǴʲôʽΪ£һΪѣΪΪˡ
֮ʲôһ𣿡ӽ侲ʵ
Ȩʹ𡣡ַĽ͵ΪѣɶȻȽϸߣܵԼȽ٣ڴͬʱҶṩİҲ٣û˭ɵȫԼѡ
ڶΪ£һᾡΪṩΪʵԽǿյԽôܹյҲԽ󡣡
Ϊūͣҵһ֮䣬ͬʱҲεˣһᾡȫڿԺһյ
һ֣ķ˵
ôѡһѣūͣҪ⽫غδַһɹƻζ
ҡһ롣ӽܽŵԼȭͷַѡҡڲ
ƺѡ񣬵ַ˵Ҳ˭ҲͷΣѡѣôַϻõİҲǳ١
һԵѡΪѣʲôƿԴַϻȡİ
ӽܱ۾ƤڲϲԳĵԥͲ
ַЦ˵ǣҲǿѵģĸѡһ㡣
Ҫʲôܵõʲôӽ۾ĳһ
ַ˵ҪΪҹʮ꣬ڴڼҸҳϣͬʱҽ֤İȫҾܵΪְṩ
ʮꣿ
ԣʮ꣬ҲڵȥģΪЧҵǶʮ꣬ʮˣʱǿٶһݱЭ飬㲻˵ܣҲ鷳ַ˵
ôϴҪôأ໥⣿ӽٴʵ
⣬ѾҵˣҿԱ֤֮иɻַŵ˵
Ҫôأӽַܶ˵ǣǳɡ
ڵôַȴʵ˵ַһ⡣
еĴ˵ǴӿѧĽǶ˵Ӧٵģڵġӽܳɵ˵
Ѩ򣿡ַ˵Ҳ֪ϵȷһЩȻҲ٣Ϊѧıǵһ
ǲĴڣַҲ֪ħ˵õڣ˸ӵš
һҲԱַħܵı¶
ĴڣӽܳԾĽе
ǵģҶѧľǵһǷʦ֮ɽġַţƤ
ѹְԭˡӽַܶ˵ŲɣҲԽԼľ
ѧĵ֮Уһŷ÷ֽдԼԼϵݣΪʵ˵䣬ַóԼȻƸֱԼд
ˣ㿴ûɣûеĻǩ֣עǩλòܱ䶯鷳ˡַ罫͸ֱʶ˹ȥ
дϴԴٵֻеϸڣַдĸ˶ѡ
ӽܶݿķǳϸ㿴ʮ֮ãȷûָ֮λʺīˮдԼ֡


100 
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ˣԼѾɣһ֮һΥԼͻЧ³ٴɣַ罫µĿӽܡ
ģסӽܵɫҲǷǳأǰһѾӽܵԤϣѾַ˵Ųɡ
ʵЩ棬ѾѵѡôѡѶѡ
ѵ趨öԷһѡ񣬵Ǵʵ˵ԷûʸΪѣȴѡѣǾ˵Էû֪֮ַṩҲ൱ޡ
Ͽûа׳Ե͵ģջ񣬾ͱȸ
ӽܶڴһַ𣬱˵ǶԵȵ£ֻѣǺȣԴͲ࣬һֳָ֮⣬ҲûбƣԺΪѣ˫˵ʲô顣
ղ˵ҲǳͬҪվҲˣԼˣҼȻѡԼˣֺαȥʲôˣ
Ҳĺʲôп޵ѣȫȫ˵
˵ӽԼҲЦ˵ʵҪ⣬ҶųΪūˣղ˵ӵг飬ʵ̫ˡ
ڳԽͨ˵󲿷˿϶ְȺ˺ԼĽǿӽҲ⡣
ⲻ⣬ĺ⣬ҲԴһЩ󲻵ǿַŵ
ַŵɲƭˣʵʵڵĳŵһͨһЩ˵ʵźܶ෽Ȼַյ̫ҪǿֻܿԼ
ַʱħܣǲὫܸκ˵ģħˣֻԼ
Ϊ½ħڵʮļЧַƾ֮һκܡ
ħ֮⣬½ʵŲţսʿĶһַǳǿ
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лһŬġӽܼ˵ַ˵ܣҲǳ
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ЩԾĹŹְһڣ˵İǾ͸ˣжʮڡ
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ĵڶڰǷɱ˰һ߿һҹ֮䣬˲ɱǵڶ磬ȴ˱İ־ѣҶɱ˵Ĺһ䶼ûУ·֮ҽ˼ȴһһֵĵطʱΪӰ̫˻Ǳɾ񲡻߹ؽ˾Ժ
·һͥ䷿ӣͬһںˣ˵ҹò˵ɱ
·ص㣬Ҳû˸סֱɷ죬Ǩ·û˵ͬİ
ʬصһСɽΪһݲӣļң屻и߶ΣͨҽļиΪһּȷȳ˲佫г߶ΣͷҽϵʵиҲ
ĸӽгװĳĳɽڼ̵ʱоλɱʬ屻ҵʱǵĺԹѾ飬Ѿһɶ
ӽʧٵʬ壬ҽԺͣʬĹԱۿͣʬһʬ뿪ʱŻˣͱ˾
ӾǸϵֳǲ鿴˵ʱļأȷͺ͹Ա˵һһʬ·뿪ˣʬڳͲǼġ
ͨӽܵ渵ַ಻Ϊ֪永ӣЩӶ浽˾ֵܵͨϰոͲ֪ЩӵĴڡ
Щİӣư𣿡ַʵ
ǵļ¼ûбưģǸҶľ飬еһְӣӦǱˡ
ӽܽ˵సϼŵ֮ͬ󣬰ڶᱻĳЩӾһʱ֮ᱻ⣬ᱻϽҵľ飬ЩӦþǱˡ
ӽѹص˵һЩţҹĹһֻⲿӣ֧ӵĳԱʿɣǲҵİȫҲרŴط¼ЩƵĹŹְӣǸġ
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ӽ˵ЩȴҲַ磬ҵС£һҪСġ
˼ɣҪƥܵġ


101 βһ
ˣֻ֪İ𣿡ַͻȻʵ
֪ӿƽнһڰɱˡӽͻȻһֹĿ⿴ַ磬ѹʵӺйأ
ԣⰸӣġַ罫ӷɵĿɳ󷽷˵
ʲôַγǿҵĶԱȣӽ·ըëèһ㣬λ
㡭ôôİӣӽַָ磬ŭɫһš
ֺӽܻ˷ŭֵǼ̫࣬Ӱַ̫ȴģһӱƣַ϶ͻͨʱַϵеԼҲûʲôùӳԡ
ӽܣıҺʧҲϣһΡַһӽԵĸоһɱѹַɢӭıѹĺ
ԲҴˣһεġһ˿亹ӽܵĶͷ£ӽܸϽϴ
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ΪӰ̫̫࣬ڷֳˡƷʹֽԱΪڰɱ
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֤⣬ֵ֤ﻹŹڱһϵ֤Ҫļֻ֤ʱļӻ棬ȻЩѾ棬ǲųҳĿܣЩ֤Ҳȥ
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102 β
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ΪҾͨǮ׿ڽǮĿΪ˻ýԼҪõѶˡ
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ðԱ⣬ַ״ַϿģȻӼһЩǵȷǳá
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ַԿ״֤﷿ҵ˱עΪ17ŵĹӣɱ˰֤ͷŵ
ʮӺ֤﷿һը֮һ֤﷿ȵѾСʱ飬֤﷿豸Ѿջ˴룬֤ܶﶼѾ֮һ档
֮󣬾ֳ飬ըԭԭҲǲֻܼ򵥵ļΪΪĲը˭ģǸǸӶȴ޴ӲˣΪ֤﷿ذʵ̫̫ࡣ
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103 β
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ģӲˣҪ汳ͷͻȻԴ󷢣ŭһҪ۶
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104 ̺
Ѿϡһ϶ӽַܸ˵绰
֪ô˵ûɣַ΢Ц˵
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ԣϷһЮϷҪ˵ĻӽܵĽôܰԼΣ֮£ôܻͷǹָԼԴ
绰ͷ΢΢һĬַŴ˹Ժ˵ɣ绰ﲻ̫㡣
ǣҴˡӽһ绰Ǻױģ̫Σˡ
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µ绰ӽĳһֳһĨ΢Ц
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ԭ˵氡˵ȻǾ֮󣬲ŶӦ
֮һѪϵԽӦַ˵
ŶԭţлͦģС˵㣬оһСݡ˵
ԺɣԽϰ壬ҲԽˣѡһ
һǽϰɡĴ˹
㻹ǵԼôúжģַʵ
ôܣ
˵סʱ򣬸Ͳģǽеֲúôúж
ŶǾɱˣǵô𣿡ַʵ
ǵôǵˡ˵Ҳ֪ôģҹҾͻȻòһ£˹ȥҾѾǹˡ
ôĺͿĻټĹ̺Ľɱ˿϶Ϊְҵɱ֣һеĸ֣ȽɱȻֳαװúжҲû˼׷
ǵʲôô㣬ҪأɱɱĿ϶һˡַ
гҰҲŴʡҵعû˭˭ĳҰ˵
㶼֪Ҿ͸ˣ㶼Ѿˣ˭ɱҲνˣ𣬽ڰɡ
Žڰء
˵עִ磬ˡ
˵ġ
˵ˣȷʵˣˣֻŶˣȷе˵ֻ顣

ַ΢΢һЦһֻܶĹҲͦȤġ
صУַ罫˳ҽʼǱŵǰ
ԿԵļڲڣ
ôܲڡʼǱԣ۾һűʼǱļ̰ȥ
ôһָӱʼǱϴȥˡ
ǹ޵ģԼ壬ܽӴƷַ粢û̫⣬Ц˵
ҪôнӴʵ
ҾͲ֪ˣΪǹֲǹô֪ãӦǴͬСģԼעһ£ָѹ˼ϣ㼷ѹȥ
ŶԿŶһŶڵ
Ϊһֻ飬ջǳ裬ֻоϵܳΪһֻ˿־ǿ֡
ۣˣˣ氡һԼýӴ̣ẓ̇ͿԿƼ̵İ
ǾǾһãܹտðͻַҡҡͷƺЩĽ
ǰͦõģҪҲЦе˵
ǻ˰ɣһ˵ĺãԺΪˣҲܸտַٺٵЦһ
ˣҡҡͷר־ڵϲ
ÿ찡۾ԽԽϤ˸տķٿؼ֮ԼֵٶȱʮֹٶȵҲһԺڿ͵ļ
ͺڱ䣬һλȻҲ׻ʤ
Լںڿ͵ĽУôû̵ٶȣҲͳǳٶȣԽҲ͵ڳԽ죬Ȼʤһ


111 
ھͿԽкڿͲ𣿡ַʵ
ڻУҪЩװ̨ܽкڿͲ
ڿҲҪ𣿡ַ粻ʵӡУڿͶţƵֻҪһ̨ԣǾ˷ˡ
ô򵥰ڿҲҪİ˵ڿһС͵ĻôЩǿŵĹߣĺڿͲùҲͽֿţǺȻڹߵĸ£ŵ齫øӼ򵥷㣬Ȼй߿ʹã˭ɵͽȥأ
ʵϣܶνĺڿ͸ͲκεĵԳǾͿصĸ˵վ͵ԣӶԳƺڿ͡
ԭʶˡַ˵ͷ
ɣȥˡַ˵žߵһĽڤ״̬
ˣ濴ַһۣ˵
ˣˣҵģþûˡջĿ⣬ٴνעŵ˼ϡ
עļУ鷢ˣͲýӴԼ̣ϵİͿٵͺһֻεĴڼϿٵû
QQ½QQΪþû½ԭһ󴮵Ϣ˳
ֵͦİ²һһظЩϢЩϢѷģǲ֪µϢֻǸоܾòˣͦġ
Ҳڰ
þòʱ㶼ʲôȥˣ
ǺǣȥɽˣΪɽû磬Ժܾûϵˡ
Ĵѧͬѧڴѧڼ佨꣬ҲQQϲļλ֮һ
ɽȥ氡
ðĻҽӴ㡣
˵ŶʱҾ㡣
㻹ˡ
Ҳִ֪磬ЩʶԼп֪ԼѶĺѣûнϵϾ˹;Ҳýн͡
һ𶯣һ˳
˭ô½QQ
ǳƽС̵ˡ
С̣סˡ
С̽гѩȻС̣ǳѩȴ˼꣬Ϊ˼һ𳤴ģܺá
˵㾿˭СַϢ
С̣ҰͻȻһᣬ̲סϢȥ
˵ˣ㾿˭ô½QQġѩͲŶԷ˵ǣЦQQѾˣôܻ½QQ
Сҵģҡˡ
һͷĳѩĺëʱȻˣҲǳ׽Ȼ飬ľ
˵㾿˭ٲ˵ʵѩ˫֣һϢ
С̣ңһǵزпź룬һ˵ϲѩ׵ļǵȥȥĶȼ٣ʱ㻹ںһֻС衭
淢ϢóѩˣЩСܣԼ⣬ֻ֪

ǰС̣Ұ
ѩһſŵǿѹ¼飬ظڹôҪСʲô𣿡
С̣ҹĺܺã㲻ҪģְĺǲǺġ
ܲ𣿲ںöˣҪҪϵ
˻ŷϢˣǹˣ˹;ǲĺãҲ빴ĵĻ䡣
Ҳá
ôɹģδ˵Ը𣿡ѩϢ
˵ҺϰйԼЩǲ˵ģľ֮һ
ϰ壬˭ϰ壿ѩȵ
ڵϰ壬ԺҲһֱߡ
Ϊʲô
ΪҺ˹ͨһ뿪ͻɢ
С̣Ҳͦõģ˲뿪ϰ壬ҶһԼҵĺڿͣڿԼҵˡ
һԱҲ˵һڿͣȴϣܻص˾Ϊ£͸׳һܣһ֮¾Ͱᵽ̺ס˺µķ
Ҳãģ
ϰ涨ˣ˵
ϰôôᣡѩҧгݵķϢ
Ҳϰͦģãϰˣȹˣ´ġַ߹ɿĽQQص
ʲôĵͦĵ𣡡ַ˹Це˵
ϰ壬´β˼˵
ѣֲǴ˵飬棬ֻҪסһй¶ܣӲй¶ҵܡ˵ַɫԵ÷ǳ档
ллϰ壬ִ֪ġһٴοַ磬Ҳôˡ
ϰ壬ڿͳѾ׼ϣҪЧ𣿡˵
Ѿ׼ˣַ۾һ˷ܵ˵õģôҸվֶΡ
ϰİɣ⡣ĦȭҲ׼һ


112 ƻ
ˣֵĿ꣬ʲôĳ̶ȣַʵ
˵ʵܶԴվֵģΪվķȽǿ׵֣ڶҲãñʼǱйЧ̫ǿġ
ͨ£ڿҪĳĿʱ򣬶׼ܳһʱ䣬켸ڼ¶УҪŪĿϸǰĿڲǱľȵʱ򣬲ŻһЧ
ַʵղ˵ǵ豸ãҪʲô豸
Լķд͵ķ飬Ǿ͸ˣΪϢһʱ򣬵Ŀ޷ģֻ֧֣ܽ͹˵Լķ۾ʱ˸Сǡ
ܹɣַʵ
ҲܹأһͷҲͼǧɡĵ˵
ǧ⻹󰡣ַһû뵽ô
ʲôģǧķֻһˣõĴͷģһ𡣡
ȻҲģֻķԼķãԼķôþôãð
˵ףôǮˣǺڿǲǿԹеϵͳӶΪԼǮȻ뷨ܣַ绹һ䡣
ǿԣǺ鷳ҹϵͳºۼЩǮˣҲܴ鷳òʧġ˵
ȻĻҶȥУľͱˡַ˵
˷ϻȲ˵ˣ¶ֶθҿɡ
Уţȥ̳ɡƽеı̳ȻһۻҵĲԼ̳֮ԱȨޣԵ¼̨
ʹõǱʽַڶԷûֵ£ͻȨޣôϢûЦе˵
ŶԷֲĶ𣿡ַʵ
̳ԱûиֵĻͷֲңܷȻиˡ԰˵
̳Ĺ̨ˣעԱϢбԺĿԱϢǿ﷢öӣҲɾӣҪƻĻǺ׾Ϳ԰̳Ū̱һ߲һ߽˵
ַ˵ͦȤģһվҲԻùԱȨ𣿱ٷĵϵͳ羯ڲվ
ǿԣǰ׼ǰҪվ°ţҪʹõʱ򣬴ӰŽ룬Ϳڶʱڻóɹɵ˵
ַͷ˽һҪַ˵Ҫ磬Ҫ֪Ϣһһ𣿡
Ȼпܣϰ壬˵飬йҶģҵಿλ¡
ԣƹಿţܹһЩܹܹȫ֪ȫϵͳһһܹʱƶԷϵͳǾˡ
ϰҰĿġЦе˵Ǻܿϧϰ壬˵ҪϿɲˣǿƼҪɡ
ǿƼ𣿡ַҲЦЦǼʵҪ˵ҪôҪЩʲô
ѿ˵ܶ࣬Ҳ˵٣ҪѾһǿĵӲҪһ̨ԣڶҪǿһԱϵһʱ򣬾͵ڴһڿͣȻͿϰ˵飬ϰ尡飬ҪȵܶĿƼпĿǰĿƼ˵ºѰ
ַüͷҲ֪Լ쿪ˡ
ַ룬˵ôһ˵ΪṩҪԴΪҰƽܱߵΪϴһΪҳƽ̨𣿡
û⣬ϰ壬Ҫǳ˷ܵĴ
УһᾡΪ㹺ģһƻҪõʽ𣬵ȵ鴦ãҾΪ㹺ַͷ˵
õϰ壬ϰ壬ĴƻʲôҪҳ𣿡˳ص˵ĳҪ֣ɾʮ㡣
˵ɣַ룬㽫Լļƻ˵
ַĴƻǽϼҵĴƬعȻ԰ͻ蹤Ȼƻĺݣû͸¶
ĺļƻǽһԼȫƿص˽أӶʹúԺĵܹģĽӦá


113 
ַĴƻǽϼҵĴƬعȻ԰ͻ蹤Ȼƻĺݣû͸¶
ĺļƻǽһԼȫƿص˽أӶʹúԺĵܹģĽӦá
Ҫһ蹤ڿֹҵر࣬ûرƵĻ׬ʲôǮɣҡҡͷַ룬á
һ䷽ܹĻ߱ҩЧԸѪѹѪ֬ȲЧûзչǱ𣿡ַŵ˵
һҵĵһƻڴ֮һҽҩҵҵһҩܹҩǿԽЩҩϡ֮ٳۣ׬Ǯ
ҩЧԽǿԽΪʲôҪϡͣʵ
һƿҩˮܹڼСʱʱðѪ߿ȬٵҩˮҪɶӰ죿ҩˮҪϡ𣿡ַЦ˵
ϻҩˮеĻǿ϶ҪϡȻĻҩˮһԻ˵ĹעǹҲŹϰġַ˽֪أȻ˵
ַͻȻһ˿ͽŲ˵ŮѻˣȻػϤһԼûٳ
ҪߣûȨ̾һһͽ˻֮С
պû飬ַ翪߳䣬ȻԿˣԿ֮⣬ԿıСҲˡ
Сַ磬ʱִϰ壬ͰǼҿˣҪҽżȻϿװ޵̣һڹأ
˵ɣǲǴȺӶˣ֪ͨý˰
ΪС˲ŻʶģԳýˣһҲûд
Կɫһ죬ɬĲҽӻ
ַЦһ˵ˣϷɣٷͣ񻪴Ƶô
ð˵İСϲ˵񻪴ƵǱߵľƵ֮һСȥˣֻûǮѣԩͷȥײȥ
ַ翴ʱ䣬Ѿ㣬룬˵˵гչȥչü𣿡
չϰҪ򳵰Сʵ
ţ׼ȿкʵľһСҲǽϰϰģԵ̫֣ͽַɡַЦ˵
һ֮أΪϰ尡СһԼҲЦ
߰ɣȥչȥ񻪴Ƶꡣ
һ⳵ܿ͵˳չֳ
չǳ֣Ȼ˶࣬٣Ͼһֵƣһ˾򳵣ǣҲֵġ
ַûô࣬ڳչ
չעĿĳƯ֮⣬ԵĳģˣչʱַڳģҲ²ٿģʱ򣬸о䵭࣬Ͼ֮ǰȣѾ˱ȳģƯԿ
¿ı3ϵɣƯۼҪʮءСһɫıʱ۷Ź⡣
ͦƯġԿҲ˵ĿҲһϲĳɷ֡
ȻϲҾˣֳ𣿡ַԱߵĹԱʵ
3ϵֳģйĻ߰
ȵȣȥַһŹԱǰȥ
ôĺߵһˣʶʱż찡ַһߣԿ̲ס˵ԿԿĻĺˣҪַ֪ʶԿ
㣬ִ֪ģַҺܺáԿҡҡС֣Դ˵
ԼԸ⣬˻˵ʲôءСЦҡҡͷϣԼıܹϺӵġ
죬һַ֮ͻˡ
ѾˣǻῪŵġַеļ΢Ц˵
ˣȥ񻪴ƵɡСѯʰĿַ硣
ðҵĳûءַЦ
ĳûǸոأС˵
õģȻĻôɫıַȻ˵
ңòáԿæҡͷ
ѧʱѾ֤𣿷ҲῪҳҲˣ㿪ˡַһ֣˵߰ɣҵĳȥ
ڵᣬѾһݵɷϣһõĺ֧һ˵棬ܹһҹ˾ʵ
˾ܿĶƳбô㹫˾ʵôҵĵĽҵĹ˾
ܵĶڹ˾ǶڸˣһõǷǳҪģرǶһҵʿԡ
ַչĿģǸԼһó
ַĿȷʮһĳûȤģֱӱźչȥڱչһ¿ısγۼһʮ
ĳӣˣַðСű۵ĳ﷢̾
ַûСľٶߵʵھͿԿ˰ɣ
ԵѾϣڹˣھͿԿߡ˵
ǣǾˡ
ߡ
ַ򿪳˼ʻλϣ˵ԷȥˣٲҿԼȥˡ
˭˵ҲģСţЦе˽
ĳӣŹȻСλŤŤƨɣ۾һı顣
νһǮһֵֻĽγȻǳʡ
ַҲԼŵԣǰ񻪴Ƶ꣬Сúõıһ١
Ա㣬ַ翪Сͻˣһת̣Լҿȥ
һʮ·ڵʱǰͻȻһ죬һλڹ·ţٶȥСγһ£ű˳ȥεѾʡ£ײ˵СγȻͣҲͣܵˡ
һضλЩƫƧΧûжˣҲûУֻҪλ˾㹻ˣû֪˾ģҲѹγҪܵˡ
ַô죿ԿλεţĿЩ̡
ֻ򿪣¼ڿȥַһţ˹ȥ
ִ᲻ûкˣֻҲˣ·ǵһ鷳
Ҫִ£øԼ׵֤ݣ鷳ʱп˵塣


114 
õġԿϲĴӦһóֳֻ;˵Ĺ
ΪλñȽƫƧгﾭ·ߵҲֻǶָָ㣬ǰоģȴһҲûС
ַһ̣ŵߡ
΢΢۾Щ٣ӱ˵ĲأǱһ£ˤ˵ģΪʹˣһСˣҲ˹ȥ
ַվΧ۵˽еλ˼ȥҽԺ˭Ըһȥ֤𣿡
·Ŀַ磬ȴ޶ԡ
λ˼ȥҽԺҸ֤ûԸ𣿡ַָһΡ
һλû¸ҵվַʧҡҡͷ˵˼˴һ飬ͶԽ˼ұ˳ɺá
ȵȣַ֤ͷһһ۾С˹
Уϳɡ˵ַ罫Ŵ򿪣ԿˣеС˸ʻλϣ
ַ糯С￴һۣĿһ˿Ź֣΢Ц˵ллܹ֤
СҡҡԼԲԲ˵Ҫ˵Ҳԥ˺þòŸҹģɲܱȡ
ˣұ󣬽ִɡַЦ
ţִ磬ҽ˾ģѶġ
ֲ죬Ĳѧ𣿡ַʵ
ִ磬ʹѧҵĵƺһŵĺߣֱ˵δŮˡ
ѾѧҵˣǺǣ˼һΪ㻹ϸءַڨЦ
ĳһױδСԴġ
ûϵѾϰˣִ⳵sıۺܹɣĸ˸ԼľĽ˵
ţڳչģ򡣡ַЦ˵
ĳӰǮã֪Ⱳܲܿĺó۾һ̲סƨɵµƤɳְֻ֮̾
Ϊ㲻ȥŬǾԶܳɹַ翴һۣҡͷ˵
ûǶС˵ŬҲﲻ̶ֳȰź̾һ
˾ĵĻһҲûͨ˾ŬҲͻСˮƽԶԶﲻܹĳ̶ȡ
ַЦЦͻȻ˸ֵ⣺ģԸʲô
ԸţӦҷݸ߸ĺùҪ׬ܶǮĸүү⹫⹫Ҫööö
ôôȥҷݺùȥг̯ˣ
Ҳ밡ִǲ֪ڵĹжңжôңҵҹֹÿιЩԱ۸ʵܲǿҾͰ̯ȥˡ˵
̯ô
պϰɣʱʱģõʱ׬һ٣õʱѼһҲ׬һǧɣ׬Ȼ࣬ݹϲ飬ͦĵġ
Ŷİ̯ʲôģַʵ
ҪЩԵĻݲݣżҲЩССʲôġ˵
Ȥݹ𣿡ַ̽ʵ
ʲôʵƺЩȤ
ģͶʰ쳧ҪܶԱҿҲѧҵΪҲȤĻһԣھʲôҪʲôˣڴĺˣǴ˾ҵԱġ
ҿ϶ŵģͳۣҾˡЦ¶ϵСѡ
ҽԺˣȾҪ飬Ժġ
õģĴӦһ
һ֮ŵƽȻСˣ˼ұϾʹˣҪַ͵ļʱſҲΣա
ȵķַ֧ģһǧǮ
ŵϻҵһֻֻֻ绰һСһС
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ҽԺ˰СʱͼҴҵĸ˹
̣̣ͷ嵽ŵߣҡҡŵ塣
İɣѾΣգЧûȥЧȥˣ˲Żѡַ翪˵
ģСӿײ˵İɣһһݺݵĳַ˹ַ̧־һơ
ͨˣַӶö̧һž˵ĸϣ˳ȥ
һ꿴ͬ鱻߷ɣŭһҲ˹
ɽèס֡ͷʱŷֲԣǵֹʱȴһַ̧һţҲɽè꣬߷˳ȥ
ͷСˣСַγ֣ﵹһѾַ֪ԼܹԸġ
СԼ¿һۣóûд󰭣ųַ˵λֵܲ£⡣
ڸղŵĵ绰УСѾֲַַַֿ֪ȻҲ͸Ŀ
ôǲҲΪײַ̣ʵﵱһ˿⡣
ײġС϶˵
Ŷôȷ
ǵģһײ˵˾϶֣̿ȴУȻײ̣һҪл̡С򶨵˵
ĲȻôϻҲ˵ˣҿԸ㣬ײ̵ĳĳƺţƺҸպüˡַ˵ţ㽫ƺС
̣ҵĶˣΣһ绰ɣСĸַߣɿ˵
ҲãҵݵˡַСӡ󲻴һˣ㽫Լĵ绰뱨˹ȥ
ܰԲ˵ġСЦ˵ȴҲǳĽֻ浽Լֻ
ҽԺſڣС㶵Ŀַı۳ԶȥĿһƬĽ
۰ıۣģʲôʱֺܿó


115 
ҵˣлл
Ӧллġַ΢Ц
Уҿûаæ˵
ȥɣǵøҴ绰úԼʺʲôַ˵
õģִ磬ллִ磬ټִ磬ټ㡣Ĺغóţ˻˻֡
Կ˸ʻλʵʲôر𣿡
Ϊʲô˵ַ粻ĿԿһۡ
һֱɣҾٵ㿴Ŀֵͦģֲ˿Ů˵񡣡
Ů˵ĵµĻ治ĵȷر𡣡
ַ˼˵ĸһֵֺĸоšɢһľҲһ쳣״̬ͬһˡ
ͬһˣԿظһ飬ϴŲɫ
ַ˵ǵҺ˵һλΪʦѧϰҵֶΣҸķǿֶƳģ֮⣬вҲӵƵľ֮һֻ֪յʲô
ôԿʵ
ûںҵĽӴбֵĺֿܣһûзҵ⣬ڶڼװûзҵ⣬һֿܣûŪĵľ֮ǰǲҪóȻЩĺáַ͵ȻģַȺҲ
ĿŲ˵ѡԿҡҡͷ˵
ܲ½۵ģһ۲һ飬ûĻһнӴҾܰսҵĹ˾
Ŀǰַĵڶӵˣַϣĵû⣬ôһͿԸֱ۵˽ĵҲԽսԼ
ٹ۲۲ɣСһûġַƽ˵
ȻַȲͬϵĳȻнӴǽַ̬籣˿ơ

ڶ죬ַӵԴٴĵ绰ԴٵѾָ
Կкַ翪Դٺ
ϣС㶼γˣ̾Ľе⳵úüʮɣ
ԴȴʶģЦ˵裬ɿˣ㿴⳵ϵı־sۣҲҪüأ
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ģɡַ˵Žӹϵź䣬ЩúͲôˣ·ˣȥԺҪʲô򡣡
ЩǺõģĹֿϧġ˵
ַȰ˵ɵĲȥµĲҵİɣ˵ˣЩȥҲôٲü˰
⡭УСġһ룬Ҳַ˵ĶԣҪǰЩöȥҲöͦ˵ġ
ЩôأĿưú
ͷɣ˭ϲ˭ȥˡԴ˵ЩҲоͦ˵ġ
ˣϳɡ
ãַ罫
⳵ãȵģǰƤ̾
ҪǾ⳵УȻͷ׬ǮҲһַЦ˵
ǿɿĳӰֲ顣Ц˵
⻰ҿɲҴٸͣʲôܿ˵ˣΪ£ҳ⻹ֻ٣Լȥڣ򡣡ַˬ˵
⺢ӣͰЦЦ˵ȴǰַĻЦˣַǮٶ࣬ҲܰǮˮƯ˰
㿴ǿЦ𣿴٣벻򳵣Լ
ҿɾͲˣ·𣿡Դȴַ˵ǡ
У··ַͷ˵
·ʲôʵ
·һԽҰ֣õ·ٶһɡַ͵
ٶһһЦҿЦȻǲַ˵ǡ
ַһЦȴҲԸˣȴȻҲַĻˡ
ԼˣַڽǮķǳ󷽣رڽǮ׵ǰ¡
С磬ʲôⰡĳӶˡʵ
Һһλʦѧ˶Ŷʯǿʯ׬Ǯģʯ鲻˵ģϴ׬ˣû׼´ξͿˣҴڼͶʰ쳧ԾҴˡַ͵
ŶŶһַĻ󶮣رǶʯʯʲôҲ֪νˣС׬˴Ǯ϶Ҳٵģܿ϶һ㣬Ҳǳġ
Сʱ󣬱ۿ˴ӣ˽ãַ罻ԴտԼլָԴһп֮ſȥ˴峤ҡ
峤¹ʱſں˵Ϳһ۳߿˹
ϣ˭ҵ³⼸ǮԽԽ࣬γѾ¹ٿۿȻЩ棬ȴҲû̫ȡ
ſͣһַż
壬ǺǣҲڰַ˴к
ϣС磬ı۰¹ٳԾĽе
ּҵֲǲ֪ǮôõĽγġ
ţ׬һǮıۣģеҳֱַ˵Ҷ׶ҶеݵĹϵ˵Ҳô˼ɡ
УæҾˡҲַͷЦ߿ˡ
壬˵ȥ
С
˾͵ݡ
壬֪㰮ȾƣҲû׼ˣƿҩƣȡַ罫ŵϡ
ʲô´峤Ц˵ִ￴һۣ߾ƣϣǺö˲Ǯɡ
ǮǮĶС£ϲͺá
СӵͿԽԽ˰
¹ַָһЦеĲƷŵϣżɽʵ˵˵ʲô¡
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ҵĹ滮е󣬹滮ڴ嶫ĵϽǰѴԶضҡ
ʲôԶ㣿
ַ˵ɣȴ·һը˳¹ٵͷϡ


116 ƵĹ
ʲôԶ㣿
ַ˵ɣȴ·һը˳¹ٵͷϡ
Ҫ֪ԶأǲСҴ嶫ϻס˲ٴ񣬲˵صǮɣǲִĲǨһ֣嶫ϺüǸܵ顣
ַǮ࣬ҲûҪǮֵطǿû˵ĻĵؾˣбҪԩǮ
ҲǴ峤¹ٳԾĵط
С簡˵㣬㾿֪֪嶫ؼֵǮǴӲۣǵҲǺֵǮģûڣص⡣
Щصļ۸һǣص˼Ҷѧˣ˭Ҳأؼ۵ĸ߰ѾĿõ顣
ַʵҲ֪ƾԼڵʽ´嶫صģ֮˵ֻΪΪӶﵽԼĿġ
ַŵ˵壬Ǯ⣬ҾأҰɡ
¹Ц˵СӿǷˣǮİ
ţ¹ٵüͷ˵²Ǯܹİֲǲ֪ǴȻС˵㣬ǴҲȱǮмԸҵģ鷳ء
ַҪ׵飬ҲͲҳˣ취ɡ
ַҲ֪Ļĵػףլǿ鷳£ѾǮǮٵˣӵ飬û̫ɣ˭Ҳӵġ
˵С簡ôҪزأǴĵءضв٣Ͷʰ쳧ЩĵزŸӵľʵݣҲʡ°¹Ƶʵ
ַȴѹص˵壬˵Щ棬Ҿͺһ˵ɲҪ߱ˡ
Ŷ˵˵ַصģȻ˳¹ٵĺ档
ǼҵҲ˵Ҳ֪ģһײ˶٣㿴ڣסլﻹдüڣ壬㲻ҵĲƲģ
ģ¹ٹȻŨʵ
˵˵ˣַ˵ѻѾǳ˳
ַ˵´ŷڰ֮ǰǰһݵķˣҿǵ˷ͦģͷԣ˳ͷȴ˵Ե󣬷ҪұˣһΡ
˶һЦȴ˵޲һ֮͸ָԽ򣬽ǰȥϷʯͷĵطܷƣǮֻܷһΣ֮ؼңլ°뱲ӵķ֮أֻнլܱ֮ؾ£Դ˴ҵһǡ
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Ҷ˵ĻԭǲŵģǿʧȴŰˡ
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Ȼأ¹ԡ
ȥϼңҲŷϼҵϾȻʢжʯһܴܷٵĶʯ֣һͻһǧǮ˿ԭʯ֪ҵȻõĲˣһǧʮʮа򡣡
ҵõĲˣһһôһģҵпʱ˺üڣǺ˲ٶʯͲˣһһǧҾͲˡ
飬ҶԷ˵ĻŲɣ˷˵Ļ˵ҵķ֮ڼլⲻҾʹ׬Ǯؼˣ壬ҷҪ嶫أʵּҵլǷ򲻿ɵˡ
飡¹Щţַڵңֲòˡ
ǵõϵ˵ָ㣬ַļҵףܿ𱼳ôõĳ
壬ǺͼҵˣɷǵðҲɡַٴ˵
롣
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˵ַҲͦεģνعٲֹܣ峤Ĺλǲ󣬿ǴĴСƲ峤ĹϽȻó´峤ĵͷصͲܳɹ
ַ翴Щ⶯̼ӰѾ˵壬ڼͶʿɲȫΪҸ˰ҵĹȲ˵ģ˰һ飬㹻ƴ״˰ɣ
乤ҴͶһڣÿ˰һ飬㣬ö٣
˰⣬һƸ׽ҵĹھҵôϾ乤ܴ̾ܽһʣͶ⡣
˵ˣѲԼĹѣٺҲûԼļãǲñ򹤣ֻҪԼͿ׬Ǯˣð
¹ٶʱĶˣر˰һ飬ֱۺ졣
Ҫ֪ǴΪλúͻԭ򣬸ûҵǴ仧˰һҲǷǳ΢Ϻûǲġ
ľѣÿ궼ǿϼŽв࣬ǵӾ͹̹ǵӾ͹Ľɡ
Ϊƽʱû˰յԵʣ´峤˰յˣһַ뵽зĻر
˰ղöడһ궨ʮ˰Ҳ㹻Ǵˡ
һ뵽еĸ´峤۾ֺ֡
´峤վ߶ȻѾǳĶǸβȴҪú롣
һԵַ֪ˣ˵ԼҪ
ַΪѵ˵壬Ҫ嶫ĻҲԽҪҾͰլܱߵһϷӣҲûסˣӦø״һЩһƤСһ㣬һҪṩһĵ޽һ鷳ЩϵʿĻҲܹ㡣
Ҳ֪ҵǮǿϵʿָ׬ģĻҿɲҲ
ѽ̫Բסˣ㿴ֳǮֳģﻹҪԿҶ֪ô˵ˡ
ַ罵Ҫ󣬳´峤ʱһҲһ˿ΣϾַ縶ͦģǴȴûҪ
С簡İɣȨе㣬ˡΪôһ˿Σ¹ٶַ飬ʱҲǳġ
ַҪľЧַҲ֪˰£һЩͷǲеģ˵¾ͰˣǮķ𣬴ĹҪˣڴСЩţһܿ˭
˵ԺҲ˰ɣҾ׶ʮԺ·ҲһˣֻҪҹַһѡ·ҲϿʼŶˣĴ¥Ҳ豸˰ɣ԰յĴеǴҲٰ
ô˼ء¹ٶʱüЦ
ⲿǹҵģھҪ˵˽˵ˣַ˵壬˵´ѧҵ˰ɣҺ𣿡
ºǳ¹ٵĶӣҪѧҵ


117 ĶĴ
˵ӵǰ;¹̾һ
ˣڹңµĹûأ˵ҵȻҸҷɵĹСô˵ģ˵ɽҪȥ洳һһôô𣿡
ַæ͵̫ˣû洳֪еᰡٺãҲð
԰Ҹ˵ˣǲ
壬Ҫ봳һ˲²ĵģͷѪ֪ϵĺˡ
ɣԸһԵʱҳ£Ҳӻ𣬵жͣҾ͸ְʲôʲôֻܰҪǸͣЩְлʤΡ
¸ɣҳĴ൱ģְͨǧ𣬹ҪнҲǲܵİ
°ǿɾ˵˰ɵøǺλð
ַ˵нˮδн̾ͱ˵ĶģĺµȥҰҲǿԼϣӲĻᰡ
Ϊ˶ӵδַĳӣ뽨С塣¹ٰ¶˾ġ
Ľϲι̵ˣʲôģȻҲܴﵽЧȴԶԶι̶ҳá
ɣӶڳˣ峤ܲľάӵת
ַٴ˵壬ǾͰˣеԽԽãԽ罨ɳӣҾԽͶҲԽһӯˡ
´峤֣ص˵С磬ͷİɣ峤˵ǹõģ֤˳˳İѳӿȥ
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ˣҸո˵ϵ£Ҫұܰ
㵱ϺͿ˵𣿹ͷһٸİɡ´峤Ц
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£㹤ҵôˣ
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֣ûҹҵ绰˰绰ҲҪʡŴءºϰֵ߶ˡ
ֺ˵أ㻹ǲǵַ磿
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ַˣʮأؼͶʿǵأҸѧҪҵˣַҪҪ£ִ˵ˣҪǲǿӣҪ;ʹӻ𣬿ԼĴƴȥʲôܰʲôֻҪǸְĻٲġ
ҿɸ㰡ִĳӿǴҵĴн򣬻ǸˣҪҪվͿԼˡ
ҲҪְ񲻵˰ڲȥȡԺְ񶼱ռˣŬҲûˡ
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ŮˣСô˵ﳤôƷ˰иĸһһŮѣ¹̹δϱ
׷˺þò׷ģ˵ءȻҪҪΪ˹ŮѣҲֵ
˵Сƽʱͦģôͷɵأϱ˭˵ܼ˵ģŮҲǴѧɣַĳҪ֣ŮһعˣԺְнͰѻ¸ˣʱҪҵΣϱҲùˣڼҴӶð
֣𣿡
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ţһᾡһ˵ġº¼Ȼ˵ͱʾѾͬ˸׵顣
ͺãַҿųģƷҲ֪飬Կġ
ţ֪˰֡ºµҲѾһ˷ܾ
¹ٵͷĹ˵绰
ӵĹͨˣھҪú˵Ĺˣţȥͷ
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ַصլʱԴѾűþ߰˽
Դٽڵ̺ãַʱʵַ磬ܲܺҺú˵˵ҾʲôҪŲɣ
һǸҵϷӣʵûʲôֵÿҪַȴҪԴסҵլլҲַ֪Ҫôʲô塣
ɡַһͷԴȥ˺Ժ
ȻԴٴǾ˵ΣЩ飬ҲҪġ
ַһָƤݣ˵٣ⶰƤҪ㿴Ķ
ⶰӣԴٵɻˡ
ԣⶰӣȷе˵ֻҪⶰӣ֤ƻˡ
зǳҪĶ
ʲôҲûСַ˷ţһĿȻûֵñҪ
Ϊʲô
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֪ҪʲôˣԭҲ˵٣ҼǵǰûôΪʲôģַЦ˵
ǰҲûֹŹֵ鰡ǺǣҲҶˣУ֪ôˡԴٹһЦʱſеɻ
ַϵ˵٣ЩֻԼġ
İɣҶԴЦŵͷ
õģҪȥһˣ͵ûңʲôҲַ֪Ƥݣŷ
ףԴٳƤٴοһۣȥ
Ȼ֪ŵĴ𰸣Ҳ֪ǲ֪飬ַдùΣҲṼΡ


Ƥݵĵذ屻˻ᣬͨǿµڵģַ翴˻󣬴壬˳¥ȥ
˳ſռַٴλص½
ϴ뿪½Ѿʱ죬ַ緢ɽڵķħٴ΢һЩħ󲻶˥ƣڲõĽħ󽫻᳹ױϡ
ħǹ½һڵΨһϣһħ󳹵ױϣɽᱩ¶˵ǰʱַĴҲǳΣա
ַ֪һ㣬һֱڼӿԼǰĲϣܹħ󳹵ױ֮ǰܹӵػͨ
֮ķչַһϸļƻϸķչƻȴҲ뽨ͨȫĻϣͨİȫ޷֤ô˵ʲôչҲЩʵˡ
ַڴҲΪƻȵڱɣʱַͿͨռģĽлҲֻ£ռƲܱ
һӵ뷨ַ˺Ҵ塣
ٴλصҴ壬̷ִַЩԾٴֳֹ½䱸ַ绹ŵһȳѪζ
ллأַʦˡдַĵ̾ϲĴ
ַüͷһ壬ʵʲôˣ
ʦˣ⵽ˡ


118 ؾϮ
ַʦˡ
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ַһ룬ָоԾǺҴʵΧҲûɽǿ˭ṥҴ壿
ǵؾǵؾˣ
ؾַһ㶣ڵؾļĴӿֳ
ؾһΣֱߣ߲һףɫļ
ؾʷǳƾãϹʱڣؾһ֧ǳ壬ؾҲ貵ĵؾ׺ɣؾʧʷĳУؾһ岻˻ִؾѾʧȥǻۣ˻һȺҰ޴
ȫ˻ĵؾѾʧȥԼǻۣǲ׬ǮңؾΨһ飬͵Ժ١
½ڵؾС͵ǳ񣬵ǵؾ̫ˣǳǿʹõؾɱ֮ɱһһ
ǹƽģĽУؾȻʧȥǻۣȴҲһֺǾǳǿ
ؾСһʮĺӲࡣ
ǵؾȴǳ֣ؾǱ˳ǿͿһСĵؾʲôԣֻҪÿϼˮͿԻĻһ£Ǿ˵Ҳǲ߲ҹ
ˣؾһθڣؾʲôԳԣǳ⣬ҶԲݸƤëԹͷҲԵؾͬࡣ
ΪЩص㣬ټϵؾķֳٶ˾ˣ͵µؾ壬ѱ
ؾǵʵ̫ǿˣκζӵǶ
½ϵǵؾ˵ҴؾĹϡ棬ǰַ֪ʶΧ̫ƶˣǵؾҲӦ֡
ַ绹ķ֣ոյĴ˵ؾˣ֣ǲǴؾһΣ
𾴵ַʦģǺҴ壬Ŀɳԭÿʱ򣬶һڴԭϻȥĵؾǨƵһЩؾṥׯǵʳ
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ÿĵؾǨƳΧĸׯɺܴƻڵؾνǺ֮ǡ
˵ؾĹǰʼģҺǷֵ磬׼Һݺݵĸ˵ؾһػؾˣȥ
ؾǻڲϵɧǣҵؾƻǵأׯڣؾƻĲӣȻѾһǽճҲҪۿˡ
Щؾ̫ɶˣѵؾͳͳɱ˸ɾΧĴҲҧгݵ˵
İɣؾǱ˶ˣһؾַԴǰο
ǵģǿַʦڣǾͲµؾˣؾˡǷĵЦóǶַǳΡ
ַʦˣش峤ҴҸ˹ȻҲյַϢ
ãش峤ַк
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ַʵش峤ǵ꣬ؾû⣬˵ÿ궼ؾĹôôɹؾŰģ
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κ綼Ȩڹ½ȨԣȵõҲȻ顣
ôش峤֪ؾжǵĳѨַʵ
ĿǰֵĵؾѾǧֻڵؾĳѨҲʶһؾھɫĵú
Ǻ˵ˣΪؾռɫĵúѾкüûвɼˣԭǵĵӡϴ峤Ǹ˵
ɲǵĴַͷص˵ش峤㲻صģȽؾϣڿҲ١
ĿʴȣջҪش峤Ц
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ģַʦǧĻƾǴİСӾ㹻ؾش峤˵
ַ˼ôǺҴܹɳٴ񣬶Եؾأ
ش峤һᣬ˵šǺҴ˿ˣսŮϣǿԴճ˰ɡ
ũԸǧؾϵĲ໹Ƿǳ޴ģսûӮ档
ַȴԼĿǣ˵Ů𣿲ôֻ࣬Ҫǿ׳սʿʮ˾㹻ˡ
ʮˣ㹻𣿡ش峤ɻʵ
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ش峤˽ĵͷϵ˵ô֪ˣһҾȥѡֻѡǿ׳Ĵ񡣡
ַͷ˵ҽͻȥ׼ĻͿ԰
Ķ飬ǺҴġش峤м˵
ַЦЦ˵²˳٣һȥѡְɡ
ѭ־¡ش峤Ҳ¶һĨЦݣͷͬ⡣
߳ӣش峤кһĴʱۼ˹
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ش峤˵ߴһϢǿȱַʦԸɶĵؾؾǵĩյ
̫ˣַʦˣоˡ
Ҿַ֪ʦǵġ
лǿʴȵַʦ
һ󼤶׷ױʾԼĸм֮顣

ش峤еڳĴ½
ַʦҪʮǿ׳սʿΪսԸˣվ
Ը⡣

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ܺãСӣҲӢµսʿҪ죬ǽЭɶĵؾǣǵؾ̫ˣǧֻؾҽʮȥǧֻؾǺ𣿡
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ַٴλصʱѾСʱ֮ԴٶַΪЩ棬뵽ַ㵱ʲôҲûпַк֮󣬱Լȥˡ
ԺԴֽţһ쳣ȭȭûκλУÿһÿһʽֱԷҪ˵
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ؾٶݣһֻֻؾ㲻ʲôһǿ׳ĳ˾Ϳ׵ɱֻؾ
ǵؾǲǹµսģؾȺӵĳ֣ҹģƴֻؾǧֻؾ
ǧֻĵؾݺݵĳɱʱᵽؾĿɶ֮
ðɣؾɶĵطڣһȺӲǿʱǾԲ鷳ǵʱǾԾԻᶢ㲻
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ǱȭζɣַȭͷһЦ⡣
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ô߼ҩˮܲʲôЧҩˮЧԴٷǳ档
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ַΪԴٷǳ⣬ÿ˶Լ˵ܣԴһҲС

ڶ죬Թ緹ַŶһ˿ʼӡ
ַȽָƷ˳Ȼֻֽ봢ռڣַΪָĿռҲԽԽĿǰĴռѾ֮ǰһ࣬պÿԷôֻӡ
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ַĴ󺰣ʮŵõĴʿʱַߣǰַһһԲ󣬽ַΧм䡣
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ԽԽʿǶܹŵؾǹɴ̱ǵζʿҲٵĽϾʮũԸǧؾֻ̫̫ǳڶַΣǲܱĶΡ
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Щܵ׵ĵؾ̾ͱˣ



ɲǼ䣬Χ˵ؾǳƬƬļܼУһȺȺªĵؾѹĻ鴤°ĭ
еĵؾѣ˹ȥصĵؾΪ˴Իֱ࣬ɥ
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ӳظַԼĶ飬·һֻŵĴһ㣬ŵؾǰ



ؾһʮ׵ķΧͱƬƬĵؾٴε˵ķΧڡ
ħܡ
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ʣĵؾǰĵŻˣΪԼĵһȺħʦǿڳݲĺſܣȻͳһתܡ
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ʿźǰԼͷͣٵĳؾ
ԲǷ󣬷ǿƶͷǹͣΧ󣬶ұڿƶ
ؾǵСӶԣǺͳȣؾٶȻҪһЩ֧ļͷ󣬺ܿ׺ݵĴ̽˵ؾܵĶ顣


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123 ʿ
Եܵĵؾ䣬ַϵĲ˸ӷɢȺͣӶڶԵؾ׷У˸Ч
ս㣬Ȼؾܵĺܻٶλؾ׷սУڵء
ЩصĵؾȫԴ˿ֲľۣǵڶɵؾԴɵľۡ
ڽʱڣַʮʿڷԲڣʮһɵؾԴѳɵľۣһʮؾۡ
ɱĵؾۻǧؾ⻹ΪƿľԵʣĻеĵؾ
ʵϣεһƬĵؾӦóؾǵؾӲؾǶڵĹʽ޲ߣĿ־ڵؾвӣؾǺ¼ˣǿ֣֮̾زز󲿷ֵĵؾһؾ֣֮Ϊ֮һ塣
ȻؾûȫɱǶڵشׯ˵ܹؾ߾ѾǷǳ˲һˣׯڽؾߵʮʿǳмڴַֻʦǴ֮г˾η
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죬ַʿǣأعʿܵ˺ҴȫȫһӭһŨŨҫڶпӡ
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ؾѾ˵أ˵ʿĴѾûбҪǲش峤ȴַ籣˾˵ĬûнɢʿĬĬĳ֧Ĵڡ
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ˣΪʿͳ죬أΪʿͳ죬뿪ʱڣ˽ḺʿѵͳְܲܳõȥҪԼıˡ
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ţϣܹŽһ½ʿѵƣһɢɳַ絭˵
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ԴƺһϼһĨЦݣ˵ҲظξʱҲɱˣɱĶǻˣ˵һɱĶǸ֮ˡ
ҵľ֮һֱҲΪΪɱˣֻҲϣ㲻Ҫĵ飬Ҫɱ޹
ַ֣ص˵ĺˣҾԲɱ޹ģϵǵȡ֮
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ַԼϣ˵ȥϴɣٻ·ͿϴȥѪζˡ
ַ߽ԡңԴȴҡҡͷַϵѪϢ̫ŨˣϵѪȺϴѪȴϴϣԼ˵ֻɱɱ֮ˣɱ޹

ϴַ磬鿴һԼֻкüδӵ绰ģԿģҲƴģӽܴһ绰Źֵһ˸ĵ绰
ŶַˣгĹϴ񻪴ƵʶģıͶǰ˼ȭַ罻֡
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绰ַҲȥô룬ָ˵绰赹ûʲô£ַ繤ôҪַúùȻ˵ģַŮûУһҪŮѣܹ飬Ǿ̫ˣĸӿɲһˡ
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˵Ӹĸֿһ˰ɣһڼ䣬ַϷ̫飬ַͨ˱ħʦԭ⵰ڵ̡
ڵַ˵ҪǮǮҪŮŮˣҲʱȥĸˡ
Ҳ֪Լһʲô飡ϲ㵣˷ܣпܵĻοɡ
ĸ˭οĿŮĳɹ


124 
绰պÿԴ˹ַæʵ٣˵Ǵֲģ
ţǰںڼӷۡԴ˵
ڼֲӷ֮һ
ַ˵ģ׼ڼͶʰ쳧ҪɣҾҪǻܹҵһЩľΪǾ̫ˡ
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ַ˵㻹ҵĴðһ飬ҿֱӽнʮµĴ˵㣬ǧ𲽣ⶥʮֺõģнʮҲ⣬һ㣬ΪƷкãҲ⡣
һҾͽˣԼʲôʣʲôҪǣҪҵʵ֡
ԴǷˣ˵ĻҿԸҵսǴ绰Ǵôãټҵӣ϶ܽе˵ġ
ֲ۾һ飬Ҳ˵ģֲ۵ģ֮ҵĴ˵ʵͦģҵƢ̫ˣŪĸ쵼ͲŴְģĻҪڣҲӦûڰ칫帣ء
ֲӵ˲ңͨ۾˾ͺˣۺһ㣬ǵĴװ
ɣȸսѴ绰һвսѻڲӵ٣û׼ܹæ
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һٻడһأİɣǴ˾ҪĻܺܶģһٸֻǳڵǹ˾׳ˣҲŽڽӡ
ַ翴ҹգɫ˵٣㿴ƬǿգǿյһӣǿµһУҲӦǵһݡ
ſɣһ죬һǵĹ˾ϵÿһ䣬ǽ׵򣬵Ǹʱǹ˾ıҲΪһµȻԴ٣Ȼ쵼ߡ
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ַ񻪴Ƶ궩һᣬ񻪴ƵĴһһ׷һ䷿Գ裬һһŴӣ͡
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ȴͷ㡣
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񻪴ƵĲȻһЩζȷǳóԣһټ磬Ե˶ǳ⣬رģȻԼ˵ѶӳԵԲĹ
ҲˣҪȥڳ裬ͦԲĹĵĶӣȥ˸׷
ҲȥɡԿַһۣ˵ͷ
ҲȥǼ԰ɡμҵλϱһۣԼĺҲȥ˸׷
׷һأʣַˡ
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Ϊַ粻ȾƣԾϯûҪƣҲǺȵϡ
¾ͲҪ˵ˣҲԵһַĽϣմһڡ
ǣҶˣĶ飬һֱǼġӺϽ˵ǵַ˵ַܰҩ飬˵ȥ
ַɤӣ˵ʵһǴһһۣڶأм飬Ҫ˼


125 ĵ
ӺϽ˵˵ֻҪܹľû⡣
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ԭҲͨˣֻһЩҵҲˣӦ֪û˵ѡ
ַ˻Լƣϵĵ绡һš
֪ڵʲôǲڵǹ֯Աʲôа֯Աڵһץȥʵ飿
ʵĵģҲҵĵĵطΪҲһжҲģһᱻץȥƬо
˵棬ַԼЦ
ЩַĻˣﻹйǣԥ˵ôң
ַҡҡͷ˵ҲᴦģΪǶˣ˭ҲȨ˭ϣΪ£ҿԶһԱҲһϰ塣
ڣܸңʲô𣿡


126 ѱʦƻ
Ҳ֪ҵʲôʱʼеģİɡ
ҼǵСʱΧ˾ͷǳУ˭Һã˭һҶܸоó
Һ͸ĸ˵£Ϊ˵ȥҽˣҲҺ˵ϵܡ
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ٺȥɣֶһöֲ˼Ҳɣܸоֲ˼оǿˣоˮ̫ˣֲ˼ܼ򵥡
ҵЩˣܲзϵ˵һܰұȱ⣬һ;ҲûС
˵Լķǳɥ
ˣʵǳǿ󡣡ĵַŲһĿ
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ַҡҡͷ˵ȷǿ󣬵Լ²˽⣬͸̸ʲôˡ
ȵһ㣬ǿǿַָָĵԴ
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ʵϣĵڹ½żҲֹֻǳϣǳھһ֮С
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³ǾзɭֵĶ֣ҲǾһ󱦣Ǽ³ġ
Ĵ³Ǿһͻ䣬ĵ;Ĵ³ǳƣӦҲǾͻ䡣
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һ㣬Ҳ֤ˣַ֤ĵģһʼֻܸ֪ϲ񣬳˲öֲ뷨ʾĵӶǿ
Ǿûô㣬ǵԼ޳ģǴ³Ҳ⡣
ͬ磬ƵֲͬĽǷʲôİأ
ַЦҡҡͷԼ̫̫Զˡ
ּ֪ʶǽоɣֻҪ֪ôʹ㹻ˡ
ߵ˼άַ˵Ӷǿֵķʽ̫ˣҪѧôǿԼԼôӺԼ㣬ҲҪģҪһЩĶֲ
ַĸ˵ץĵֱĺʵӦôһأĶֲָʲô
һ⣬ڲ˵ڵڶ㿴⣬ˡַ򿪴ڣһֻȸСһŵӥ·һķ
ۿŸٷеӥҪһͷײ˶ǽϣҲӥֻɵһٷӥײǽ֮ǰĻڷڷһȦ䵽ַļϡ
ֻӥĿƷǳľ׼Ȼ䵽ַļϣǶ䵶һצӣȴû˵ַһ˿һַϵϣҲûһ˿
ֻħ޼ӥ̣ڵϿٳڵӥֻȸСһ㣬ӵ˸߳ķ
صԪضħ޵Ŵ߻ã̵ܹʹֻʱ䲢̫õħ̣ܹʵĳ̶ȡ
ڸղţַͨԼֻ֪ͨӥ˵ء
ô˵ַָϵļӥԾ˵
нӴĶУеĶǳĵǵ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣ϾǳԺҲǳϾҲʹﵽ̶ֳȡ
ǰӥȴȫͬļӥһʻ
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ʻһֻӥ̫˼ˡ
м磬ĳģĴкַ罫ϵӥŵϡ
ӥĵͷ췢һͳС
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Ŀַ磬Ծʵôôģ
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ַ˵ͰǵǴȻĽɣϲ̫࣬а취ҵƵ̡
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ĶַĴǳ棬ǳϣܹЩӴ
ܺãҲС˺ӣеЭ飬ǻҪǩģûɡ
ҪǩЭ鰡ðɡ죬ΪȻ˵
ЭɣûĻǩַ֡ЦеóһõԾᣬŵĵǰ
ʲôĽӹЭ飬ʵ
ַָԼ˵һԾᣬϵϸˣΪһΥеôԼϵͻЧҪ
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㿴ҵڿЦ𣿡
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ݣĳַͶȥһӵİۣԼǩ֡
ַùԼͬǩԼ֣ԼɣѪԼ𣬷ֱ˵Ķͷ
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˻ȸһ㹤ʣǵ̯ĻͲҪˣ漸죬ԺĹһ㰲ŵġַ˵
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Ŀĵ˵˻ַֻͨУĵ˻ʮԪǮ
Ŀϵӥʵϰ壬ֻӥҲҪ𣿡
ͲˣԼԼַЦЦϵӥַ˵һ𣬴Ӵ˳ȥ
ˣʱˣסȥַ翴˿ʱ䣬ʮˡ
һȥɡ


127 
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ȥ㸸ĸĺ𣿡
ʻϣԿַΪǳ⡣
ֻһŮ˶ѣô뵽ȥ㸸ĸ
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Լģа㵱ɰŮ˶Դ𣿽ǰ㣬бҪô𣿡
ҵӣҴȥģҲǵҵĸĸĹš
޷ֻ֤һˣҿԳŵһᰮһӣ㣬չ㣬Ҹһ
Կû뵽ַȻôģַһĵεΣַԼĺãԼİַ˵ûаԼɰŮˡ
˵ĽżĹԣΪ˽ǮԿͲַ磬Ҫ˵ΪŮˣַⳡǮİУȴģģԿж
лл㡣
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ԼжıԼѡ
֪𣬺һֿ֮һЦݡַǴһ˿Ц⣬סԿġ
ɲңһΪֻءԿЦ
бҪķ㰡͵˱˻԰ɡַЦԿıϹһ¡
ԿһԴǽĿַߡ
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ַ縸ĸĵȻںǣȴǿַĺõضΣںǰһֵһƵķװꡣ
λƫƧһЩ䵭㣬ȻҲͱˣ׬Ǯȴǲġ
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˵ⲻĴԿַ۽ǣһ˿ζַ緢ۿҲɬܡ
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СҲףӹַӿڴǧǮ
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裬ǡ
ϣŮƯСŮѰɣǮЦʵ
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˶ַ𱼳۵飬Щ棬Ҳ֪Ǹ˽ѯʡ
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㻹֪Щ졣
ţû˵ҪҽǱ˴飬Ҳҡ
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ϻˣ߿ģ˵˴ˣ˵زأǡյ²ͷ˵ֳַһƣַƿ
ַȴ·һɽһ㣬վſڣյµ˿
յ±ɫеС磬ʲô˼ҼҲˣ
ʲôüģȥַ˵
ô˵ģ˵𣡡յܻǴ
С磬Ҫ˵ʲô
˵ַһÿӣյ½
һ䣬յ¾ͺ˿ɳϣַ縸ĸеִ磬ã˵ǣǸúúùܽһСˣֱˣˣ
˵Щеûģʲôֱ˵ɣҶԼܣֲġӿǵͷ⣬˵ӵĲǣ׵ɫʱҲ
ִ磬˵ģѹ챻˴ˣƢ̫˰ɣյЦе˵һղı顣
ָĺȵ˵⻰ʲô˼
ûʲô˼յԽ˵ִ磬Ҳ˵ϻˣҵĵǴջԼˣҲ˵ģҸ飬͵Ǹװ޲Ҳʰöȥʹ㣬Ҳʡôҵʱ򲻺
ָĵ͸⻰Ҳ˼˵ڣǵĺͬҪջصû⣬Ҫ⳥ʮԪ
ʮԴż˰ɣ
յµɫ˲в˵ִ磬Ȱ㻹ǿĺã𾴾ƲԳԷƣ˵ΰôãҲֻǴܣԺͲ֪᲻ᶯˣҪǳʲôõ飬ûǰ֪ͨǡ
㡭㡭Ѿˣưɡּ˵
յ´ЦƺʲôЦ飺뱨ͱˣֲģаëǮĹϵ
ôˣǰֿǾȾƵģĸ̲ס˵
ǰɵǵļƾͱˣҪȻһɵĺǩôķͬյ²ΪȻ˵
裬ûʲô˵ģȥɡ
ַú˷ϻԸĸֵʱ򣬾ע˫ֻܳΪˣԴˣַЭ
С磬˵㣬Ƣô壬ĽѵˡյµַһۣſһɴžζĶ
ȥַһưյµؿϣ޴Ƶյ²סˣһƨ˵ϡ
ѽҵƨɡ
һˤˤƨϣյ̲ס
ַһץסյµĲӣӲ˳ȥյµĽУһ˴š
飡
飡
յܻڴţŴźݺݵ˸ڵģһӵɣӲŹǵġ
յһţĻȴȻûн
յóֻյ۴˵绰
յԭһɳɾģűɳ
磬ҡ
ԣһ˻ǲͬǨʨӴ󿪿Ҫʮ⳥
ԣҲˣֻһһĽѵģû뵽̫ᣬǻˣ粻׷ŹǣҪݵġ
˴磬ϼһĶӻˣƢӻҪ壬Ҿӿӿ϶ˡ
ǣǣǣˡ
յ¹ϵ绰ŽյĴźݺݵ³һŨ̵¶һЦ
˸ڣƣ


С簡Ҳǵģлú˵ˣô嶯ǲõġַĳ嶯ΪЩġ
裬зִġַ˵
ָҲ˵ϣҲ֧ģô˵յҲǵķʲôú˵ˣ˺ˣԺ󲻺ദ
֡裬ͿǼٺͿϵˣյ½˴ģǻźúദ
ˣֻ̾ţҲû취顣
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һжˣַѾǰַ磬ѾǸͨˣ
ַ˵֡裬Ǳˣһһдõģ˵ֲȱǮҵԺǲ˵ģƨˡ
뵽ַڵңĸʱҲЩǱַ˵ˡ
ַֻĵ绰͵ˡ
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ַ綩ǰ˲һڿһԵ÷ǳʢ
裬ȳԷɡ
ϲİѿԼ
ллĸлһϴһɬ飬Ȼ̫Ӧ
ͲˣʲôʱӱǾͺඡְְַֿЦе˵ַЦЦҲӿڣֻԿȴöӶ
ԷԷ飬ʲôһ廨⡣ЦЦԿһ廨⡣
һ˵˵ЦЦԵرģرǶӴƯŮѻ˶ϵһ׮£Ǿ͸ˡ
һ룬⴫˴ֱ
ַüͷһ壬¿ӣ˵ȥš
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ǰɳģ˸ܶŹһ˰ɡ
ܶŹַ̲סЦˣҪǸɱˣЩ飬ϾɱˣǸܶŹ


130 
ЦʲôЦ참ܺЦ𣡡
ᾯȵƺַϵЦ⣬ŭˡ
ַЦݣϾ˵УشǾǰЦҲЦҲЦˣǣƾʲôҸߣҪץңҪЭ飬Ҫץҿ϶û취ҪЭ飬Ҳǿһ㡣
ƨ࣡ᾯƢͦ˵һųַ˹
ַҲôɾԼĸһš
ֻϧַ˿δ˵ľ췴һȵ˺ü
ҪҪ˰һ·𻤶ӥһ㣬Ѷӻ
Щô°ܺú˵Ҫ˰ҲϽվĸ׵ǰ档
ӣôˣ𣿡
裬ûءַĸԼԾ졣
һ곤Щľ̷ס˵ɾɲС»֦С˵С嶯Ҫ
СҲԼһߵ̫嶯ˣҪҲ߰
СЩڣͬһʱվ治˵ˡ
˼˼˻̫嶯ˣǱһʶ
񻰣ҲҴ˰
곤ľһ˵ǻ˵°ɣַ磬Ȼ˱˰ܶŹôȥһɳĺãҲѡȥֻһһкҪԼеˡ
⻰Ȼ˵ģȴһյϸ룬պòϡ
˵ϣɳǷȥɵˣĻ֪ǻˣʲôֶء
ַһ㣬͸ɴ˵У֪ˣҺһ˰ɡ
С磬û°ɣĸĵ˵
֡裬ûأҽôܴܶŹϴˣȥɳЭ飬˳һ£ûˡ
Ҳˣչ˺ð衣
ţһġԿͷֻﻹΪַǳǡ
Ȼַ粻鷳ǱҪֶλҪ׼ģ˵Ҹ˽ʦ绰ûɡ
ʦλ춼һɲ׹ڹӵ˽ʦĿ϶һˡ
곤ľʱΪˣͷ˵Уץʱɡ
ַ粦ͨǳ°ʦĵ绰
ιǳʦַ簡ʦƵ鱦ķɹʣַҲӴΣʦҲǵַˡ
ʲô𣿡
ŶмСҪ鷳ʦһ£ģںУɳҪЭһӣҶԷɲϣһλʦһ£ʦ㣬ܲںǵΪҽһλʦ
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ڰɳ
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鷳ˡ
ͳʦַͨԭӽҲ绰һ룬ϾһС£С¶ȥᱻ˿ģְѵ绰
ˣ߰ɡַ糯ͷʾǿˡ
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¥ͣһЩ¾ɵľĳģΧڶ·˵Ŀ⣬ַ类뾯Χ·˶ʱҲ²ָָ㡣
ϣСԽԽղһȻַϣǳԿȴСԼС뵽Լܣǰַˡ
ģ
СҲ̲סеķŭ͵͵һַ̧ĺϺݺݵĴȥһķǳõļ⣬ַǿ׳Ҳһ´ƺһַĳԼıϿ϶һ顣
⻹ַʣҪǻͨˣû׼ϹͷҲпܵģͷϣҲ˰
ַһ˿ɱתͷСȴ¶һ˿Ц
Цƨġ
ַϵЦݣСЩţһַ̧ĺϣݺݵĴһ¡
ַƺһϵЦȴŨˡ
Сٴ򣬵ǰľ˵ˣСˣʲôµ˵
ЦûȵĺùӳԡСݺݵ˵
𣬵ơ
ַ˵ϴŵЦ⣬СĿ⣬һ˿
СŭЦݺݵ˵ããǵơ
ɳԶӾ͵ˣ³ַ类һѶķ䡣
Űɣһ͵ˡѷһַһڷ
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磬֪ˣ´ΰ참һע⣬񾯲죬ҪִСͷ˵
ͶˣסҪִ˵
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㰡̫ˡҡҡͷЩ㵽Ϊֹͺˣ˵̫û˼ˡ
磬ʲô𣿡СĻúͿ
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ٶ˵ҪˣֺãûҪ顣
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翴ٴҡͷΪ˽бҪô˷ܣΪΪְ
ڵˣǸ㲻ǵЩʲô
ʱû°࣬ڰ칫ŵԣ˵Ϣ
飬յ۲û̫ϣϾԷֻһȨƵͨͥԸͨ˼ҿ˵ʮþȡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
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绹û˵Сһ˵˴ˣӦô
˴ˣ˳𣿡
СϽ˵ͦ˳ģСһʼϣŻȶˣͱѺŻˡ
ǾͺãĲúøɣǵ飬Ҷ
յһụ̂һ˵ҲǼҰռҵܵܵĵ治ϰߣأҲִֻҪǼҿϰͿˣȻҲǺ۸ģҪǰŲϰߣǾҪһɫˡ
ɣȹһϣ绰˵ҪǿϰߣǾˣҪǲϰߣȥҸˣ˵ģҸһϣƤļһҪηζ
ǣֳôˡСӦһش


131 鷢
СͻȻʦ˵ոַַʦ˵绰Ҫʦô
յҲ˵⻹򵥣ǰֵģַ˵޴ˣûַ磬ʦҲȻߵģаȥַֻûˣҪϵˡ
СĴָһƨ̫ˣôû뵽ء
ˣȥ°ɣҲ°ˡյµͷʼʰ
õģȥˡ


С˳ʱҲٵĻصѶҡ
һصѶңϰ壬Ǻô鷳ˡ
ǵıѾ֪ˣˡַЦ˵ֻЦĺɭȻ
ϰѾ֪ˣô֪ģʵ
㰡ֻҪ룬ͿԻΪҵ۾ҵĶ䣬㿴ģҲܿģҲַЦŽ͵
һܶûˣ
ַЦЦƺĬ˵顣
ʵϲûַ˵ô棬Ҫŵ飬ҪַпƵģַ粻ÿʱÿ̶ȻҲͲÿʱÿ̶֪ʲôˡ
ߣһֻҲûʲôҪܡһ뿪ˡ
ǹˣ˵ַ糯һá
ϣͦصһСʹ˽
ַƺЩżʵʲô͸ϽʰɣһҪȥء
һ⻰С̴ȵȥȥ֪֪
ҵأܵģûַ
ʵ㣬û˵ġСֳַһַϵŭһ˿Цݡ
СȰ°ˡֳַ˵ַ磬ֻҪͨѶ¼
ֻͨѶ¼ƾʲôַüͷǳԸ
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ַЦݴһ˿˵Ŀ⣬һɱӡ
ĬˣСȴŭˣСݺݵһӣϻˣֻ
ͽַƺЭˣֵַֻıͻȻһ㶣ףҵֻء
ַԼĿ˳տյģʲôҲûС
ַ̯̯֣˼˵ֻˣ㿴ϣûֻ
ˣƭأСԲַ˵ĻֱĽַϵĿڴѲһ飬Ȼûҵַֻ
һСҲЩַĻˣܸܿղİֻ˼
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ַȻ֪ǵıҲԼĴ㣬װźͿ뿪Ѷҡ
뿪Ѷҵַ类˴һңɳʱѺ˵ĵط
ַСĵóַ粻ע⣬ݺݵİַƵߣһ죬Ͱֱַϡ
С˵ַǳλպðַ練ϣֱַȲվҲȥֻһְ׵ķʽڴߡ
ְ׵ķʽ˵ǳʣǳܣڶʱڸоƣ
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С̫˰ɣСЩۡ
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㿴ŰɣҾȻȥˡ
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ַﰵһѽСƿҽСϵԿ˳ַ
СȴֻоһɴӿԼȥȻԿױ˽Ưŵַߣַϵ˿
һĻǳֲĻ棬Сŵһײϡ
Һ˵ˣơ
ַɿڵϣվ
㲻ҪǾ졣Се˭ĳˡ
֪Ǿ죬ĻΪܺ˵ôķϻ𣿡ַ˹ϴһ˿Ц
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ַҲֻ֣ɵһͶ˹ȥ
ʱСǰĿȻŤһһİŮСǰɭЦЦŲҰɫӣôֱĶС

СҲû뵽ʵйȻӳԼǰŻˣһȣ򶼱ŵˡ
ǰ͵ĹֽһһֵֺԭͱһСֵ񷴶
ӷɵСǰֱĿСҷֽС
Сϵı֣һֿ־壬ִһ˿ã
ӲٹֽУһתָԼԭģ
ߵַߣϲ˵ϰ壬һ־ñһţͱŻˣ׾ͱҿˡ
ı죬ԭԾߺͿţֺϷ
Ϊ飬ķ̫΢ˣҪȿСȻСʱ򣬶ʩչܴﵽСĿġ
̷˵ʱ䣬Ǵﵽ˴СĿģʱ̣


132 򵥵ķЧ
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ڽİӣش㱨绰˵㣬ܲҵ˵
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С˿ȹݳɨһۣͿԼֵյۡ
С״̬Щ֣ĿЩͣյҲûж룬ΪС̫ˣʵ˵ɣʲô¡
ΪʲôҪŮˡС̵˵˵ȴǳ󣬲俧ȹݶܹѾתͷ￴˹
յ۸òȻŭ˵˵ʲôʲôʱŮˣ
˵ϰ˵û˯ŮѡСҲŭˣһվ
պͿ˰ɣ˵ʲôأյˣһҲվ
˵ʵյ۵ȷŮˣûŮѵȺãû˯СŮѡ
˸ڵģɱ㡣Сŭһˢһ£һذףĳյ˹ȥ
յһû뵽СȻôֻС˹ʱ򣬶굱֣ܵĳԱ߶ȥ
ʱյ۾ķ֣˫ȶˣ·һֻεĴ֣ץס˫ȣƶ
ۣ
Сеذ״յ۵ؿڣһĻУյۻȥ˴룬յ۲ҽһҪСƿȴԼ˫ѾƲˡ
СȴûзŹյ۵˼γذֺݺݵĴյ۵ϣյ۵ϣݺݵʮ

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յµļ˱ŻˣյµѪеʬ壬С
СЦЦȻǹԼ̫Ѩһǹ


˵򵥵ķЧ㿴˰ɡ
ϰ˵Ķԣ޵ֻԼֻһǺײ鵽ϰϣϾϰҲìܣҲɱ˵ɡ
ˣҵɿɲ󣬶ҡҲھ޹ءַ̯̯֣¶һ޹Цݡ
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ζɽׯȫζɽׯжȼٴ塱ֻ󲿷˶ϰڳΪζɽׯ
ںбζɽׯǳ˵Ǽȥζɽׯѵļͥȴûж٣Ϊζɽׯ̫ˣζɽׯĳҲѵĸ߰
ΪһҶȼٴ壬ζɽׯռعģǳ󣬶Ҹʩǳȫһǳʺзɵĵط
ȻʺֻǮ˵ΪζɽׯѹľˣҲֻӴԱѣ͵һŻԱҲҪʮңܰͨͥûǸǮûǷݳ޵ĻԱ
ʮһ㣬ܳȵζɽׯ


136 ټޱ
ܳζɽׯſ΢΢ͣһ£ͷĹҡ˳ſŵıЦŵһͷӣٵĽŴ򿪡
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ǵģޱ˳ޱӣǴѧʱУַͷɫ廳Ц˵
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һַ˭ޱ뵽˵ٱҵʱַԼ׵龰ʱַͷԵģɵһٺϻԼףɵͦЦķϣޱѰٺϻֻȴַܾıס
ٺ飬ȴޱҲû뵽ģɵַȻȥɱҺһɵɵԼ˰ĻҪַ˶ޱ»ǳ


137 Сֽ
ޱЦ˵˵Ҳû˰ɣҵôϵͬѧˣ
ٴεûַеľĶǣһжôгַٵӦһУָֻǿţٶȳΪǸռˡ
ַЦЦԼͷװ۵˵걻ܾ̫ˣ̫أɽҲ꣬ƲȬһ˵Ҿ͸Ͻˡ
ҼǵǰܵСģʲôʱô컬ˡޱ΢Цȴоܲ죬ﻹеǸַӡڵַ͵ˣֱˡ
ַҡҡͷɫˣǻá
ǰЩǶ˺öࡣޱͷ˵
ٱҲûĶడ겻䣬ҡһ䣬Ϊǧˣһף룬һ֪ηַ˵ŻĿȴٵɨޱؿڣԿؿƺһֵַĸо統ڱ￴ʱķӦ
ɢŻԪزһ˲õĶ
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ԲѣޱҲģһ˿ˣһмĽе
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⻰˵Χ˶ЦˣޱҲһЦ
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껣ַֻǿСЦǰַ硣껵ļЦ˵
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ϴ׿֮תͷԶںһֻзַ磬ЦЦ
֣ͬѧǣҲԵò˰ɣֻô
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ʲô
ΧļҪõͬѧ̵ͷͬ⡣
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ƣðð
껵飬ͬѧǶ׷׽кá
껷ԸһܿзԱһŶѾ˳˿ơ
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껵ĺǺȻкã˶νġ
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ˣҿʼˡҡҡֽӣֵнгȡһֽ˳
껴ַֽ硣


138 
ˣҿʼˡҡҡֽӣֵнгȡһֽ˳
껴ַֽ硣
еֽЦַһ㡣
ַҲûϵһֽͳԼƲȤЦžܾҲƣ˰ɡ
ַ磬˵û˼˰ɣҳһΣ棬ľͺá껴˵
˰ɣҲ棬ܸ˻ءַЦžܾ
̫û˼ˡȻûϵַȻܾ飬̳Լʹɫ
԰ַ磬ҳҪĿģȻ鵽ˣ棬㲻ǲӰյ껵ɫкü˸
Ҷ˵ҾɣҼãǱЦַĿ껼˵ɨǹһ˿΢Ц
Ȼ֪ԷҪʲôüȥַȴ׵ĲͷҪûǲŹˡ
Ϊͬѧͦĵģû뵽ҵӡ
ַЦЦ뿴Щһʲô
ҲЦˣЦų˵ڶֽˡ
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Ȼǵֽ껣Ҳһĩ೵һŸպԼ
ֽĸַ֣硢ˣϷɣ껣һ׿ƾָպô롣
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ЦȥַҲá
껽˿ƴ򿪣ʵܵÿɣ򵥣Ӧö档
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˵ɣȻһôǾһ˳һÿҪһǮҲӮңǵɾ۲;ѣǻصеʹãʾͬѧȥǼƵһ١
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˶Ǻӵģرǰ׼ַ϶ͬͷ
ʵһǮĲͷֻС˼²ͷˣַᱻߣҰչ˵ַһҲҪһ߻Ҫء
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Ǯ֮⣬һȦѧҲ̫һ㣬ɣ·ѹһȦѧУô
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УûĿľͺáַЦЦȴ΢΢ҡҡͷƺԲЩʧ
˺ϷҲһǮС£ǣͷ˵ǮȻҲģǳͷȴҪԼһ˭˳ҪܳͷǶڳͷĳ̶ȣҲ͸⡣
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ΧͬѧҲСû뵽һƵĴƣȻ浽ôĳ̶ȣڶĽۼӵʮˣˣҪһȦѧС
ٴ˶ѾŵƾŨҵĻҩζ
ҲĿַһۣƺС۵ͬУѧܡ
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Ŀʼƣһ֣Ϸɻʤַţţһš
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ԷĲܼ򵥣Ҳǳãڼҿ϶ַͨ鿴ַ棬Ȼͨ΢ͶϢ껣ַ֪֮ȻҲ˼Ļʤʡ
껶΢ͶĽ۲죬˺ϷɵĶҲһ΢Ͷ
ԣһַ粼µľ֡
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ĵն̶ȣԨ
ðɣȻҪ棬ҾĿһ㡣ַЦЦŷڵ׵ƿأ˲ǿڵ΢΢һ죬ڵĵ·ͱջٵˡ
һͻȻɫһ䣬Ѿ΢ͶнյٻϢɲǺϢǵƣȻ޴ˡ
ġ껵͵͵һԭĺ飬ʱƻһ
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˵󣬽˵ַ磬ַ˵Լгơ
ͨ籨£ַʤļʷǳ󣬵ǴƲ˵֪ԷһӮģҪԼǺǻҲǻʤĺܴء
ڶַ֣̫ãܲַֻܾܵİԼƿܵʣСС
ڶӮˣַţţϷš
֣ʼˣһַ֣ȳơ
һֺƣټ֪ȾַӮ˵֡
ľ֣֣֣߾֡ʮַ֣ĳѾۼƵǧ껵ֻʣ°˰ٳ룬껵ɫĿҪγˮ
Ҳ֪ô£Уҵľˡ
ʮľֿʼˡ


139 ȡ
ˡ
껶е˿ƣɫһҰס
ǮС£ʮҲ𣬵ǹѧȴ̫ˣԺûˣ껵ͷڵѪ
˺ϷɵɫҲһƬͨ죬ҲˣǱҪһ㣬Ϊлг룬ȻǮȴѧС
ĸУΨһʤˣַֻ硣
ַ΢΢ЦЦֵĺƽֻһھͺһըһը껵ͷ
ַ˵˼һˣڿѧ𣿡
֮ͥ£ڶͬѧѵǰѧУҲ̫һ㡣
껵ɫʱͱˣ죬תͷ˹
üͷһ壬Ц˵õôģٳֽһֵ˭ˡ
ƮƮһ仰Ҫ·Źȥ
˵ҲûģͬѧһûҪŪǼȻѾ˹أ˲ͷôӦðչ죬ôҲӦðһֵ鴦ϣٵһְɣ
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ַ磬̫˰ɡͷ΢ŭ˵
ô˵ҲСܣɮ濴氡ͱʲô˼
УѧҪ㼸ӵģ˵ʲôʲôˣ䲻Ҳû취νգַûʲôҪ󵽹ϣȻҲͲøˡ
⻰ù껶ͷŭһ뷴ҲҲ
ر껰ɣɫֺ࣬оΧͬѧĿⶼֵֹģĿ̵ܣ޲һضȥ
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ַӻַ·˼ֻӬε˵ˣˣ˶ڣĹǰ͵ЦɣҶӻûȥһ㡣
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һͬѧʼˣֻһѧ˹ԣ˭Ҳûͷ顣

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ıըַ֮һƬСԳΡ
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Ƕ̶̵֮ڣַ˲ƶ󻹴˽һμԵ˲ƶܼ˲ƶھķǳ޴ַڵĻ˯ǾĹĺ֢
ڵĺ֢ѾǷǳ΢ˣַԼĹƣɹϵһУҲӦܵϵشŶԵģڣַ粢ûܵϵشǾĹĻ˯Ѿ漣һĽ
ַ紭ȴžʲôıһУףѵЩԪأ
ʱմԪԪرգŻָʵֻʲôӰ죿ǲھ쳣ΪԪصԭ
ôͷۣԿͺһԴ˹
оô
ַҡҡԴŬԼѣԿ
ûʲôԴоġԿ˵
û£Ϣһͺˡַһ
ţ˪һҲŻ۾
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ߣޱĺһҲ˹
ģǳˣޱãʵ
ţˣѾȫˡַ翿˵
ŶޱŶһͻȻַ磬ϴһĨߺŭ
һһôôĶԼ
ԣԣǲңǿǡǸоôôʵô
ʵûκ𣬾ͺԼһ
ڿļУޱ鵽˿ַ̣Ҳ൱ַһΰҷǳʵ顣
ڣһַ磬֮ǰľַǸִļӲڣеĦ˼޵ܣһλð飬δøо
ôˣޱͻȻŭַЩͷԡ
û£ޱ˵ɫȴˡ


143 ֵĹϵ
ȻûǺҲûرеĸй۴ޱӡ̡
ޱܽܵǣӼǶ˵ޱĵһΣĵһξôĪıַˣǳŭ
ַɲ֪ޱʲôԶɽֿһۣǱһҹա
ﲻҪҹȥƫƧܰȫ
ַ罻һͼҴҵĳŻı˹ȥ
ַڳ¿ʢ򸾵İȫЩģȻǹޱķ䣬ǳȻƻڵ׷û׼¿ʢҲܵ
ַĵĻЩߵ٣Ѿ뿪µȴ
ȵַ߿ޱƣĿɨСĽеǣ

δ֪ĵˣַҲдó״̬ųűȥ
׵ľܿ͵ˣַߵԱ߳űһۣܴ𣬴ڸղŵıըбݻƻ¿ʢסķޱķһֻܵûܵƻ
ַ翴¿ʢھżıоǵ״̬Ӧûˡ
ַûмźǴк֪ЩǷѾ뿪ֻΧƱΧһһСĲ鿴
ʮӺַȷֲΧ
ֵλûбҵȴѾ뿪Ϊ˽ǣַûǸ¿ʢ˸绰ƽ
ַĵķصͣԼıۿ˹
ϳַ򿪳ţ֡
ޱ˿ٵ˳ֻޱȴ˸ʻλϡ
㲻棿ַ糯ɨһۣϿǴԸе˯ء
ĳ۾׼ҿޱŲԼ˯¡
ַЦЦһŷ
ۿɽ֣Ժ׵ĿԶɽȼŵһ
ȼյıޱͻȻ˵ղлл㡣
һ뵽ղŵޱʱһǿҵĺ¸С
ô˵ͬѧһҸģҿҲ㷿䣬ܹҪǵġַ˵
ͬѧ𣿡ޱǴһĨŨŨЦ⣺ղҿǿиһﰵŶҾܾ󣬻ɱء
ιιɲ˵ŮѻڳءַЦ
ղŵľַȻӦѸٵĽԼļһʼʱ򣬻һּ䱻˳ȥǡһֹݣޱļ䣬ˮһĻ˳
ôҵ˵ûңûϲңޱ󵨵ʵ
ֵַĿһۣö˶˵ô˵
ô˵ˣˣޱʵ
ʲôúģ˵˵Ҵѧʱȷ꣬Ҳʲô˲飬һ죬ĸ㣿ַЦ˵
أϲ𣿡
ַѾ⻰ʵĲԾˣе˼Ůѵ棬ġ
ޱǲڸղŵ˲ƶУԴˣַʵ
شҵ⡣
ַ룬˵ҵĻ
ԣĻ
ѧձҵʱһʱһţһҪŬͷأǮеλˣ׷㣬Ŭ˺ü꣬һ޳ɣû׷ʸҲͰϲŵĵס
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ͦģ˵ޱ˵ȴһ˿ͣ˾͸øҵŤŤͱˡ
㶼ˣʲôַЦ
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ޱ˵ޱġ
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Ů˵ǾǴ£ǵ嶼㿴ˣһ븺𡣡
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κһŮˣ˭ϣԼᾭܶˣᣬκһŮˣֻϣԼһֻһˡ
ޱҲ⡣
˶ԼĵһŮˣҲ̣ǾŮӵôӡ
ޱļչֳ̫ܣЩַ֪ܲͿȴ֪Щܡ
ޱ˵֪ҵܣ˪ܣҲ֪ܣ֪ɱˣɱ˺ܶˣҲ֪Ĳһ㣬ӵ£ҪôǵĹϵʣ
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Ȼ½ܣޱǲ֪Ǵӿļޱ˪ַ֪ͬ粻ٵܡ
ַ˵Щܣģɱ˵ܡ
Ǵô뷨ַ翴ˣŮѾˡ
ޱһ΢ŵ˵ҺͿ˪˵ˣԳǹͬѣΪ꣬ʱϲ㣬ҲԼϲˣҲ޸㡣
ǲ⣿ַʵ
Ȼ飬ȷʧΪһķŮһͬѣַ綼֪ôˣ
ޱЦ˵ǵ˼һף첻ƮƮû͸ұ֤治лǲݣ
ǿˣǮͱ仵Ҳ֪·ҰŮˣʶĽء
ޱһдǳȻĸ׸ܺãޱҲ֪滹鸾ģֻû˽Ӷѡ
ûµбµмģ
ǽɹͬˣҪǸлǲݣôͷ㡣ޱݺݵ˵
ģ
ַץץԴܸоƵġ
УҪԼŮѣһǸŮ˹һ
ţģ˵޸˭һҲᡣޱͷ˵Ļ
Ӵ˭ûиоΪŮܹҪ˵ģ޸˭ǼޣȻ飬޸ַҲνɣҲᡣ


144 鷳ѡ
Ҫ˵ԿԿԿģԭַŮѣȴҪŮ˷Լѡ
ޱ˵Ҳԣ˶ǻĵģַǶԼã˭֪᲻һֱȥǻ˵ģ飬ûǸȥֹ
ȻԼֹˣǾҰֹޱļ룬Ů˵ĹͬˣַԺôȥ
ԿҲַ֪ϲޱģַԼܺãԼվǮģԼôã͵Ǳɣȫɡ
ֿǣԿͬޱ顣
˪Ͳޱġ
ͨݵĽ֮˵ͳһˣ˺ϵһĻ
ҸĸģԺʲôݺҸĸ棿ѧͬѧַץץԴԺĹϵǸܴⰡ
ȻŮˣҪ˵ѧͬѧҾ˵ʼޱЦȻ˵
ҸĸᱩߵġַѾʼͷˡ
ޱЦѾ˺ܴʣµҪԼˡ
ðɣҾáַ翴˪˪㱣ڰɣҲκϽ𣿡
˪侲һֻǶַ΢΢ͷͱȥ˳ľɫޱ˪˵˪ã㶼ˣģܲΪͷ
ޱԼ۵Сȭͷ˵Ժ˪һ㣬ҪǸ۸Ҿͽ˪һ١
֪ˡַӣЦ˵
ַ磬ôģڴѧʱ𣿡ޱǳ档
ǣڴѧʱһͨˣһʱŻõܡַ͵
ôõģҲ𣿡
˵ôõҲ֪ҵǸǰ͸ҵİɡ
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ҲˣҲףޱҡҡͷ˵˪Ҳ
ҵһֲ²⣬׼׼Ҳ֪
ַ˵ǵʱմԪʱǵķһɫĹ⣬ⱻҳ֮ΪԪأһضǿԪ
Ϊǵ嵱ʱͳһ״̬⣬Ҳ͵⣬ǵڣѾһ
ôоޱȵ˵
鿴һ¡
ޱ˹ַץס̸֣оһƬۡ
ַһޱ֡
ַ綨˶רעĽԼľͶ뵽ޱڡ
Ƭַ̺ſޱ֡
ַüͷһޱڣȻһĴڣǺֲַһһħһַ˵
ַΪԪǱַ簴ڤ뷨յģԼӵҲħôɢޱϵʱӦҲħȴϣħһֲ֪
ôޱŵʵЩͬѰĳҲǳܹá
ַͷ˵ڵȷһɲ֪ҴδӴҲ֪ʲôҲȷҪʹ
˵ҲӵгˣޱϲĽе
ǵģĿǰô˵ַĲɵ˵ﻹƣΪʲôԭħڽޱ֮󣬻һδ֪أ
Ҳ
ַסԿ֣һ鿴֮󣬹ȻԿҲоһĴڣĴʽޱڵһģһֳ̬ȴǲͬ
ַ²⣬ӵеͬһͣȴǲһԡ
˪Ҳҿ
˪԰Ҳ˹˪һŵַģַ͸оһĴ˪ֺܱ䣬ͺһĺ
ַĿ˪һۣżע鿴ڵ
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˪ڣһоһһɲ֪Ӧ㱾֪ǳˡ
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ַһ˿ȻȻ˪ϵǹڼôҵӦҲĳ书ĳڼΪ˵ַ̬ĸоһģͬһ͵
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˪˪ȭַ绹кܶǽĳϣȻʼ׷ʣЩ͵Ժ˵ˡ
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ʱѾˣпˣһڵܽоӦúܿͿ֪ǵӦʹá
ȻԼҲԽֻԼҪСģҪƲסӶ˱ˣҪ˶˵Լ
һ˫нƲסǺ˵Լġ
ˣ˵ҶˣǵоɡޱЦ˵ԿҲͬĵͷ
ţҪϢһɣȵٽǡ
ոյ˲ƶǵҲӦЩƣ
Ҳáޱͷ
ޱͻȻ˵ˣֻһ£ҪϽ绰һƽ
õġ
ޱֻѾ˱ַֻϻֻ
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ޱޱ𣿡绰ﴫŮӵȻޱ衣
裬ûء
ɣС˯һᡣ͸ĸ绰ޱѵ绰ַ硣
ˣϢɡַͷȻҲоƣǿûġ
Ÿٹ·۳ȥһСʱڿ˺е·ꡣ
ʱַֻ
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ιޱڵˡ绰⸸״ġ
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ޱϢѾ쵽ˡ
ǣɻʵЩƣôǸеġ
ַѡһ˵ԼޱĴѧͬѧ˵ޱѣϵޱϵģǳޱѣҲ鷳ĵ


145 ţһ
ޱѣ
һû
Ůޱʲôʱѵģô֪
Ҫ˵ŵĻ֣ʲôˣ˸Һƭ
˵ˣŮոճȴһ³򰡡
ţޱðɡһֻǹѵ⣬黹ǵȵޱؼ֮ޱĺá
ͦõġ䵭Ҳַϡ
úչ˵绰
ŵ绰æַһλδ²áԸ
˵绰ȴҲ˳˼Ůˣ
Ȼղűֵĺ䵭ͲǱϵôƽ
жһŮޱСŮҲȫ˵飬Ȼ˵Ůѣôƽ
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ҰŮʲôʱˣ֪𣿡һڿȣͬû۵ʵ
ʲôŮˣҴһ侲ɾͼˡ

㵨ͦİֱӾ͸˵ˣޱ۾˵
ղŵ绰ʱˣַϰ˵
ҿû˵㱾ŮˡַЦ˵
ޱľĻ˵ϲųˣֻ¸ҹϵΪϲԸַҪѵ飬Ҳҳϣᱻᡣ
ַĬƬ̣ʵʲô뷨𣿻˵ʲôҪ𣿡
ǲЩˣޱЦ
һ㡣ҵҪ˵£Ǽٵġ
ҪһЩİɣҲܸߣҼҲˡޱ˵
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ŵ԰ҪҲ߰ɡޱЦ
ҪǲߣҪﵽҵҪ󣬿治סַóΪȢޱҪŬ϶ǳǳĴ
֮󣬱۵ַ˼һûŵŮװ˼ŮװóϵŮ˴˯µľ
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ġַʵҲѡ
ҪȥҼңޱƫԴַ硣
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УǾȥҼҰɡޱ΢΢һЦԼҵĵַ˳
ޱļҵشڳǽһޱڳϣȻǳͨĿ˽ȥ
ޱϮ飬˾޴Ĳˣұƻͨһ˶ڵޱϢ
֣ҪȥһСðɣһһޱĶż˵
ޱҵ飬ޱ⣬˭İȫ
ܣ𼤶ˣȻС˵ܰȫôһͰȫģҪǴĵȥСãû׼׺Сá˵ͶȣȻࡣ
ҵޱİȫǶͦġСЦ˵
ҵŮܺãɾ̫ˣԲԳޣ˵ޱѣСʱЦ
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ļˣе𣿡ĸҴҵʵ
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ľһ㣬СǣЦˡŻ겻ģѵ
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ޱľһ飬ֻеϸھȫˣѵԭ򣬱ޱ˵ˣҺûϮʱǸպòڷ䣬ַķƣ˵Ķһ١
üͷѾеɱɱ˵ʱ򣬻᲻ȷĸ㹥㵱ɱ˶ǰ׳
Ȼ⣬ϾڳܶҲÿѯʣ˽ȥŮҲǲ١
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ǣү
˵ĺܼ򵥣Ǵȴ֪ү˼̴ٵĴӦһתߣ߼ɾ䣬źǿľ磬ӦǾӳ
ַЩĽĿλȨصĴϰ壬ʲô鶼ԼȥֻҪԸһΪŬΪ
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ҵˣЩʧˡ
ޱЦеĿһУҲΪַ˵ҪַôЩ飬ǷǸӵԼԼļ˶ӦˣôȰøԼ鷳
֪Լ׷УխֱļһЩһҪַ֪Լѣ»ַܴ鷳
Լļ˻Ҳַѿٲܵ˺ЩһͲͬˣǿǻֳģͲַ֪ܲӦЩ鷳ˡ
ǲȱǮǵļͥǼŮȢϱѾ㴦ҪעӰ⡣
ŵԲ۵ԵʣһַǳбҪЧٴ롣
ޱĻ˵ɣޱҪǼ޸ŵԵĺү˭Ҳ˵ʲôֻṧϲһ׮Ҹ˵ϣȻй⡣
һޱ޵һͨͥôΧ˵лɾͶˣʲôĻ˵ó˵棬Ҳͱˡ
Ҫǣޱĳճ״޸ͨˣҸȥɣûǮô죿鷳ô죿⣬ǳĶࡣ
˵ĶʱޱôҸͨѣ


146 ţ
ҵŮôҲӦôͨˣ
˵ַͨǷǳʧ
ҲǳʧԭΪԼŮ۹⣬Ӧûһλ൱õŮڵŮǿˡ
ȻʧĳǸ飬Ȼʾ
ƺǺЦЦ˵һǵһ˵ޱѣ֮ǰҲûм㣬֪ôʶġ
ַ粻Ųæ˵ĲҺޱǴѧͬѧҴӴһϲޱˣһֱ׷ޱ꣬ޱһֱûнҵİĽһֱǲమģԲĸûޱ˵ҡ
˵ĺҾ飬ټޱԼĳϣǲỳַĻġ
Ŀǰʲô𣿡ٴʵ
ڼ˵һʻʱ򣬱Ҳ죬ĿںַεĽ档
ַסޱ֣ǳ۵˵ҺޱͶСˣǴڽ顣
΢Ц˵Ǻ£ҲǼ鷳£Ϊ˽Ҫ׼öණ񣬱鷿ϯЩҪǮ׼𣿡
Щ⣬ԼҲ˼ҹ˾ʱ㹻׬ķáַ˵
ַ˵ԼĹ˾ҵ˾Цˡ
㿪С˾Ҳ˼˵ڣ
С磬ŰҵŮɲôȢġ
ЦЦ˵ҵҲ֪ģ˵ŮǧⲻΪɣȻǧôݲҪǧļۣǧŰپʮ򡣡
˵鷿ɣޱס˱鷿ҲҪǱҲҪǶٲܱǼҵıСɣ
ھϯҲ̫ˣҵѶͷͨϯ̫ˣϯٵʮһڶҪʱˡ
ǰ˸ַ磬ûлϼڣȢҵŮ
Ϊ׼Զ˵Ļֵַĺ侲û̫ȡ
ʵϣ˵ĲţҵĲҼŮʱ򣬵ȷ˹˵ĿɲǼٻ
Ҳº͵ķʽַ֪Ѷˡ
ַЦЦƽ˵Щû⣬հ졣
հ죬ʵ
һͨ˵Ķӣ˵Լڲܹڻ⻰˭Ű
ţһ׬Ǯַ˵
Ҳ̲סˣٺЦм˵׬ǮôĿΪ˭
ֿޱɸֵ˵СãҲԣҲļһﰡһ˻ᴵţʲôĿ׬ǮΪǶǮǧǼǼڰƾʲô˵仰
˵ʵ׬Ǯͦ׵ģΪ˽ĻھͿóǮſڣƽҲֳɵĶֻÿǮдҵʱûǮٰ񡣡ַóпǰ˻Ρ
㡭ܶ˶ͣ޺޵
ıҲһ˿仯΢Ц֮Уһ˿˼
һóڵ˻ͨȻǣôݾ˭Ŀʲô
ֿŮޱޱһֱ΢Цַ̬ĴƺһҲġ
ŮϣһЩʲôͷһЩȻˡ
ŮĴ۹⣬ȻΪԼҸͨѣôǰַ磬϶Źֻ֮ǣַĵҵŮ
ˣЩǷŵ̨˵ĺá
һˣûʲôǲ˵ġ
ŮЦʵޱʹˣ˵˵ɣַ羿ʲôϵǴʲô⡣
ޱһЦ˵֣ûʹӣַڵѣҲ飬ַ˵ĶûַҴѧͬѧļҾҲͨĸͨˣڰС⣬ǲŵĻȥһ顣
ŶǮģʵ˹ؼ⡣
ַʼ˵׬Ǯ·кܶģֻҪ׼ʱϸҪ׬Ǯѣ˵ˣҵҲɣȫûȡ
ˣŰЦ
һ仰ŵˣԲɹ
ַϵ˵ҺޱమģҲޱҪҲ㣬ףǣͬǽ𣿡
۾ַƽ˵С簡̫ˣҵŮɲôȢġ
ô˵ɣҪʲôҲȢޱַͦţޱŵ˵ŵƣǰһ
ͷ˵ҪŮͱóŷʵ㲻ǶԼ׬ǮҸʱ䣬ĲƲҪܹңҾҵŮ
ҵľʲһǧڣʮŬеĳɹҪַڳңǲܵ顣
ַһ⡣
һԵܶЦ㴵ţ㴵ţţƤ˰ɣڳңֱһ
ַҲû뵽ô̵Ҫ󣬶κ˵ⶼǲɵ
ַûκԥ̴˵ã˵õҴӦˡ
ƽЦе˵СӣӦʹ죬ϣŵԵʱͬʹ죬ǳ˵ǰͷһ㣬ȻͬǵĻ£һһ㣬ǺǣҲҪԶ뿪ޱߡ
ãǻΪġַԼơ
ãӦһַϣžžžĴ¡
ͻȻһ˵˾ǲãôһᣬ͸о۵ĻţܲˣҪȥϢˣİɡ
ңȻȥɣʲôʣҲ١
ҲáЦЦֶŶŮ˵˼䣬ŷŷȥ
ңЩԹĵСվޱϲˣֺαΪأ㿪Ҳ̫һЩ˵СˣϺ꣬׬ڵļҲ
ӣͲˡ
˯£Ц˵ŮܿеˣûѰһŮ۹ġ
Ҳ̫һЩҡҡͷ
һЩôܹҪֳŮĽѵҪҰŮľͼ޵ˣ
˵ˣСŵĹͷŹͷ԰ˣҾҪ֪жߵж׬Ǯô׵ġ
뵽ַŷǳģţְź޵ġ
Ҫ׬ôǮô졣һǾòôס
ûʸŮˣҿǺΪĵģʲôʱʧԹն˵
̾˿ַҲԹͲܷһ£Ҫ󽵵ڻ˵ˣҸ̨£ûطȥ
ڵˣ̫ˣһ㶼֪ߵغ


147 ħʦ
˲ãڳҲɢˣߵ죬ǽȥġ
Ǵһᣬúú˼䣬ַ绥໻˵绰Цȥ
СӣúüͣСַļ򣬶ַЦЦű˫ֻȥóСҲһܷȤˡ
Ƭ̼䣬˸ɾʣַ˻ڴ
ַ湻ŵģҲҴӦޱ̾һҲַŵĹͷ
ʱҲˣҲû취ġַں˵
ޱ΢˵˭˵û취ˣȫ˵ûҰְֵģҲܰҲúҰֻΪģһڰѻ˵ˣһת徵ҲûС
ûؾûذɣһ׬ôǮ͵ҵˡַ쳣ŵ˵
ַռݵĿռͨصĿռܹڵ͹½صͨޣ˵׬Ǯķǳס
ַӵеƣ֮󾿾ᷢչʲô̶ȣԼ޷룬ڿǿңʱͱ׳Խ
ַһ£ޱʵޱҼǵؿڴʲôģôڲˣ
ʱַޱؿڸоֵԪزӶȷޱؿڴıֲȴѾʧȻޱûд
ˣǲڱˡַ簵⡣
ؿڴĶ˵ޱɻԼؿڣһ
һƯʯ׽ƳɵϹһĴָʯ
Ÿҵһֱޱ˵
ʯҲޱİ
ѺۡޱʯϸܵѺۣԾĴ
ôģϵʱ򻹺úõģҲһֱЯôģޱԾ˵
ȷһֱַʵ
Ȼһֱ̫ˣʯӲȣЯôѺ۵ġޱŵ˵
֪Ϊʲô᲼Ѻַۡ翴һۣѾ֪ʯѺ۵Ĵ𰸡
֪ޱǳ죬ԼŵģԼ֪Ϊʲô𻵣ַ練֪
û´ĻٻķǳмֵΪһ
ַ糯Ŵܿһۣ˵˵²̫㣬кʵĵط𣿡
Уȥҷɡޱͷżȥķ䡣
ޱڶ¥һܴķ䣬һƽ
ˣûˣϽ˵˵ô¡
ģڰʱҾͷؿڹŵĶɢӦһıֻԵʱʺѯЩ顣
ȻʯһֱЯôɢĶӦþϵʯˡ
ٺҪ˵ǽʱմԪˣǱʱմԪʱؿڵʯѹѣӶͷų̺ԪأԪصܹʱմԪ
ҲǵַףΪʲôʱմԪͻȻôһŨԪأԭǹԪޱʯ
к˵𣿡ַʵ
˵ʱ⹫ģϸҾͲ֪ˡޱϵʯҡҡͷ
ַЩźҲν̺ıʯһ󣬾֪ʯĳҲҲڶͬıʯ
ַҲȷһ飬ֺ챦ʯǶһ޶Ȼϡ٣ȴǻżȻ
ӵеèʯıʯޱӵеʯҲıʯ
ֶַصıʯ˼ȤлĻϣܹռš
һŮڷ˰죬ֱʱָ賿һ㣬ַֽе˹ǣʱ䲻Ǹ˯ˣҪȻĻǵϻֻèۡ
ŶһˣǸ˯ˡޱǽϵʱӣһˡ
סɣȥ˯ͷͷһ¥ղޱѾַȥͷ
ͷַ罫ŷڷϣЦ
ޱŮˣޱҵŮ
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һѾ̫̫ãҲû뵽һȻĻᵽ
ŮޱȻĻΪŮѡ
ַһֱѹԼĿֵ飬̫ˣˣ̲סЦ˳
вŻֵû棬Ȼ߽ʵ֮Уַ̫ˣĵѹֲסԼЦ
ַסЦʮӣʮӺǷйػָ
Ըһóеζȴܹġ
ޱһȢ㣬Ҫ㰮ҡַ簵ĵ
ȻõĿˣޱҲԼŮѣַ֪⻹ԶԶ˵ޱ˵ޱԼҲûãԼŮѵ׼
ַҪԼԸкܶ飬Ҫȥ
ַۣԼֱǸ侲ַ硣
侲ַ磬ûһ˿˯⣬˴ϣܿͽڤ״̬
ԴӴʱմԪַ֮ͷԼڵħйɿտյĸо֮ǰħƺһˣַûлڤв鿴һֱϵڡ
ڤ״ַ̬翪ʼ鿴Լڵ״ģַ鿴ڵľޱ䣬ַһ
ַ緢֣Լڵħһأࡣ
ַԭһˮͰôַڵһԡףܹɵħ
ַڵħѾﵽĿǰļޣҲħѧͽ۷״̬ѾٴΪֻеȵħѧͽΪʽħʦڵħγʱ䣬п
ַԭƣħѧͽ۷״̬ҪµʱմԪȴΪڼ̵ʱڣַħѧͽ۷徳硣
Ŀǰַ磬Ѿ˳ʽħʦȾ
ʽħʦħѧͽ֮䣬ַ֮ԼΪʽħʦˡ
ַڤ״̬һһĻָԼħڿտյȫħ
ħϣڵַѾħѧͽ۷״̬ԳԳħʦ硣
ħѧͽʽħʦȫͬľ磬Ҳһ˳
׾һγɹʹħѧͽΪʽħʦǧ࣬ȴһֻͣħѧͽ
ַ֪ħѧͽΪʽħʦһҪĹؿ¶˵ҲǷǳҪַԵ쳣
ħʦļ䣬ѾǺų쳤ħʦˣǵҲھʧ֮󣬲ڵγɹĽΪʽħʦ
ַ罫ɹΪħʦļһ飬оѾ˰գʽʼĳ
ʽħʦħѧͽĲͬڣħʦѾǺˣħѧͽȴûǺˣһħѧͽܹڵħΪǺˣôħѧͽҲʽĳΪһٵħʦ
ռ䣬ַڵħͼΪǺˡ
Ǻ˵Ĺ̷ǳҲǳķѾһСʱַ֮ڲγһСİɫǺˡ
ַϲǺףǺ˾Ҫɹˡ
ʱǺ˵ڲ˸һɫĹ˿žһ죬Ǻˣ̹˸˸顣
һγַʧܡ
ַȴʧܵĪΪļУǺ˵Ტû˸̹⣬ûеħʦҲû
ַŪóⲻʲô
һǺ˵ʧܣѾڵħĸɾַֻٴڤ룬ٴλظħ
ҺõϴŵԪмãڻظħϣҲȹ½ʮ
û̫ʱ䣬ַħٶȻظֵַٴοʼħʦ硣
ڶε͵һǺᣬǺҪʱǺڲ˸ɫĹ˿һ죬Ǻ˱ըˡ
ڶγַʧܡ
ַûʧһһļħʦ硣
ΣĴΣΣΣߴΡ
תѾ˵ڰ˴ΣַѾľˣֻϰԵһǺˡ
أǺ˳ͣʱһ˿˿ɫ˿Ǻڳˡ
ַȻ̾һѾʧܵ׼
̹һȶһûбը
ַڣڶһţɫ˿ħʦǺˡ


148 ս
ַû뵽ʧʱϣȴȻ
ַľĽеڰ˴Ǻʱɫ˿İɫǺˣȻɹ
ʱ˿ַ̣ڶһŲ̹İɫǺˡ
Ǻ˾ħʦԴȪҲַӵħʦ
Ǻһ˲䣬ǺһǺ˵𶯣ַҲ𶯵ķַڷ޴ı仯
ħĳʱ䣬ʱ䣬ڵħǿȫ
˵ǰһħֻܷһôڵһħܹʮͬһħʮ
ȻħַڵħҲھޱлúܴħ߱ħҲŸ־õʩʱ䣬ħ
ħı仯ַۺʵһ̨ס
ħ֮⣬;ҲŽŻʱ䡣
ַøǿҲħʦͨΪֻǿܹʩչǿħ
ַĻԪԪڤϲûرƣȴӵһֲ˼УԪ壬øǿ󣬴Ӷܹʩչǿħ
ħʦͨħʩչģǵʩƽ̨ƽ̨ԽǿԽ̣ôʩʱԽƣһ壬֧Ųסǿħġ
ԪƣڽΪħʦʱֳǿԪǱصɢǸǺ˵𶯣ַȫµĸ졣
ָ첢Ǽ򵥵ǿʣǿʵͬʱԪؿԵ
಻ħޣûԪؿԵģԪؿԿͨ
ԪͿԲԪؿԡ
ַѾˣԼļͱƤУһ˿ɫӫ⣬ӫԪ΢ԪعַʱڵӫͻϮԪأӶﵽԪ˺Ŀġ
ЩӫԪؿԡ
ħͿԵֵһԪ˺ͨҲһĵֿԪ˺
Ԫصֿô򵥣ڵӫһֵֵڶϣȴһŻŻħתʹӵиߵħظٶȣߵʩٶȣԼǿħ
ԪЩŵ㣬ڹŴħʦ֮зǳС
ǵ˽ԼûħʦԸԪΪԪı׶ˣҲԣԪҪڤ뷨ţٶȸԪĹв߱ƣֻڽһʱ򣬲ŻЧԴħʦ˵ǲɽܵġ
ڵħʦǣԸԪؿԵԼ
ħʦֲսʿǲýսԪؿԣ˵ҲЧ
ַŴħʦļ䣬ݵļ䣬ԪԽԽǿķţԽԽǿ󣬵ħʦʱԪؿѾΪǿ󣬾ʲôҲվ˴һȺħʦҲûޡ
ǿԪؿԣħʦ֮У޵еĴڡ
ҲַӿٵţٶƫԪԭ
ʱ仯ͬʱַľҲõ
ַԷǳĸоľѾԭ翱óʵʣǴɢɳʯͷı仯
ħԿףʵǿҲַǿħ
⻹ַ˵飬ַ˵ǣžǿ˲ƶҲҰͱ¡ħеĵڶӡķģҲԽ⿪ˡ
ַ罫Ͷͱ¡ħ䣬鿴ħ
ħڲƯһźɫǴռ䣬žǿҲҲʹŴռҲڱ
ַΪħʦ֮󣬴ռʮڵĴռһ˿ռĺ壬ﵽ1000ס
1000׵ĴռѾǳˣԱһֿ⣬ܹصĻǳˡ
ռַ壬Ҳǳ޴ַ˰ȫ
˿ռıöеĵڶöģҲڴ򿪡
ͱ¡ħںߵģÿһľʹһֿռϵһ˲ƶڿڶġ
ڶĵַͬ羪ϲ쳣
ڶ̲صһ磬ƺܼս硣
ս粻ǹħһֶָΡ
ȷе˵սһʱħսڣʱ佫ᱻĿǰķһһ٣Ҳ˵սڴһٸСʱŹ1Сʱ
ս磿
ڵڶеս磬ַǳ棬ܿʵʩжڷͷһս硣
ַͷţһɫĹԴӽָ䵽˵ϣڵγһֱ׵ɫɫְԲΣڵϡ
ս磿
ַ˹ȥִڹϡ
ֲޣһֹ⻬ķ·ڲϵĸо
˰Ȼһ㵯ԣ⻬ı汻ַ簴ѹȥ
ȻԼͷŵħȻſɿԣӦòñ롣ַûмѹ򣬶һԶǰĹпơ
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ַ̽ѾЩսӦ÷ˡ
ַսȻԼľƨɵµɫâӶﵽ͹ӵĿġ
ھ͹ӵ˲䣬ַǰһͷԼһط
һ޴ɫ磬ɫģҲɫģطǳƽͺһɫĴʯ̾Ͷɣޱ޼ʣͿصľͷ
⴦绹һطַӡ̣ǰ̫ˣһİɫʲôûУַ֮⣬ûκһ˿ûûлֲƽɫϣַֻӰ
սɡַ翴һޱ޼ʵɫ磬һ˿
ȥַһĬȥ
ȻַϣַǰһִǸɫ磬صɫС
ֱֱַֿ̧ϵָ룬ûж
ԭսİءս磬ַѾЩˡ
ս磬һʱս磬ɫ򣬾ս磬Ҳ˵սڡ
ͨսڣ߿ԽԼľսӣӶԼľս磬սʱһһ٣սһٸСʱʵ֮УŹһСʱ߶ѣսĴڣһơ
ս粢ʵʵ磬һ޵ʱմԪ⴦޵ʱմԪǳȶܹɵ
Ϊʵʵ磬Ҳֻвʵʵľܽս磬޷սġ
սҲΪǶԼɵĥ
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ħãսУħʹ


149 ʥ
սһһƬ޵磬ʲôûУûûпзĴڣҲûԪصĴڡ
ûԪصĴڣǲʩչħģΪħڵħԪزں϶ûԪصĴȻʩչħ
ս粢ʵ磬ȻҲʵķսһС
һ˿ϣַʩչԼĿǰϤĹħ׵ɢ
ħѧͽܹʩչΨһһ׵ϵħ
ַĬַһ˿˿˸ĵ绡绡ԽԽǿңַ֮Χ
׵ɢ׵ħַΪʽħʦ׵ɢҲڵ׵ɢѾɢͨǿҵĸѹ磬Щ绡
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Ϊõħ⣬Ҳӵڼܵ
ַ˵һǳõϢսĴڣַ缼⡣
ַսһȭȭķǳһ꣬һ۵ĸоҲûУս罫κƣĸо
ս磬ַѾ˴µ˽⣬ʽʼܵ
ħʦ磬ַѧϰ׵ħףħʦѧϰĳħ
ܵһǳ飬رսһУַ簵ҧĬ
ŵɫ磬˯ҲƣַͰҧ
׵ħ裬ҲϤַѾܹʩչף׵ʩչʱİ룬롣
ʱʩһס
׹˼壬Ǵķһִĵ绡绡ӵмƻͨ˱׻У̱
׵൱ַ׵ʩʱǳ⣬ӵʱ䲻㳤ҲԲ̣սУӵʱ䣬㹻Էַ翳ʮ߰˶Ρ
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ħʦĻħ֮һһħʦܹ׵ʩչʱѹһ֮ڣףž߱ʵս
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ʱ䵽ˣַ羪ȵ
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ٸСʱĲʹַױѹ֮ڣս֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ַĺһЦЦ
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˶ٵ⣬ַ绹뵽սܹڼֻΨһһܹڶʱ䣿
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Сʱַջؾĳһ
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ɫĹ򲢷һţŶţַ羫սĹҲࡣ
Ŀǰ˵ַľܹάսÿһŹ򽫻άһ֮á
սǿԶʹõģҲʲô˶ܹʹս磬ֻоﵽһ׼ˣʹս硣
ַǰɫһ֣ɫɫԣɢڿ֮С
ַ翴ʱ䣬ѾһˣȻһҹδߣַľȴǺܺãһƣĸоҲûУӦöΪħʦĺôˡ
֪ǼôˡַɵЦЦƿųޱķȥ
ַߵſڵʱ򣬾˵˵ЦȻ˵ľޱˡ
ȻƿţַͿɳޱˣһ߿ŵϵϲƬһЦͷ㡣
簡ַЦŴк
磬̫ˣʱɵģһˡޱЦ˵
Ҳܹңȷʵ̫ˡַЦŽ͵
֪ˣԲûȥ㣬ȻĻΪ˯˯𣿡ޱЦ
ַЦҡҡͷԿʵ˯û𣿡
Ϊޱļ룬ַԿЩεģҲرĸܡ
ţͦõġԿ΢Ц
ţͺá
ַɳһͷһƻҧһڣʲôԵûУҶӺö
ʲôҽӶ˸͵ޱ˵
㣬ԣֻҪܳԱľСַԳԵʵޡ
ޱͷɳϵŮӶ˵绰
Ƭ̣һŲͳһʳӲͳŵϣһ
ַһڼ⣬ζ൱ǼƵζеһȡ
ַһ˿ĽǮ˵ʣݻܡ
Ŀ꣬ضҲøá
ҪҪһһ㣬ͦġַ׽Ĵ鼦⣬˵
ˣǲųԹڿɳԲ¶ޱ˵
ҾͲǿˡַ粻˵ЦˣͷԸǰһӵʳ
СʱַŶӣ˸á
ˬһٳԵĿ汥ڣɰַˣַԵҲǸĶࡣ
ַ磬㿴һö
ַԱޱɳվ
ʲôöַʵ
ȥѵƹصޱԿ˵һصģ
һأʱ

ޱЦ˵˫ַŵǰͻȻ˫ּһŹһŷǳĹ򣬹ǳҲֻںڰķܿĴڡ
ȻǱϾҲǹܹͽֲ˵ޱҲһֳ
ַǰһǿŰĹȻоһ˿ʥζ


150 ˪ȭ
ַǰһǿŰĹȻоһ˿ʥζ
ʥʲôʥǹ½͢ǿҲʦյʥ
ʥаҲβˡ
ħĽǶ˵ʥʵǶԹԪصһƺ
ַû뵽ޱĹ򣬾Ȼʥζ
ͺڰӦʥޱǿܹʥ⣬ޱǱ֮Ҳױȡ
ַҲоɻʥⲻǹ½ĲôޱϣҲʥζ
ŶˣǹԪءַȻ
ʥǽ͢ԹԪصĳƺħʦ֮УʥǱ֮ΪԪء
Ȼûй͢ȴйԪصĴڣȻйԪصĴڣôܹչԪصߣҲͲΪˡ
ħʦ֪ʶ˵ܹչԪصˣ»ǳǳ٣ڹ½ʦ⣬Ҳûмϵħʦ
ַ羪ģޱ˵ôɣҽϷֵġ
𴲣Ů˶Լڵ˸оһ֮ڽԼڵ˳
ַЦŽ˵յʥ֮ҲԳ֮ΪԪ֮һֺǿӦúúá
ʥ֮Ԫأޱɻ˵
ԣ԰ԼֱӳΪʥ⣬һַǳǿǿóĿǰ̫ˣ޷ʥֻӵһʥӣȵӷѿȻܹ֪ʥ
Ҫôӷѿأޱʵ
Ŀǰ֪ķǲϵϰԼǿǵַ˵
ŶޱЩʧŶһϵϰܣȻһǳķޱ⡣
ˣ˪ҲԼϵˣҲչʾ㿴ɡޱ˵
ŶǶ֪оڵһ𣿡ַʵ
ţѵȴ򿪣Ϲޱе
šӦһһµƵĿأٴλָ
Կ˹輸ϵһ辰õС
Կ辰ǳרעĿ辰еǿɫơ
أԿ辰˫ðһ˿˿ɫĹâ辰е̹ܵӰգ۾ͱһȦ
Ȼħֳַһ
ȻħǳУȴûκܹʹȻħΪȻħǾħֻоһʹȻħ
ȻħûκιģȴӵһʹֲֲܹͨħֲҰԼս
ھ˵ȻħǶǷǳҪħ
ȻħȻûʥôǿ󣬵ҲһǿԿǱޱС
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Ȼ֮Կɻʵ
ʥ֮ֻʹ÷Χϲһ
ţ򵥵˵Ȼ֮ܲٿֲһֲþ޴ֲΪս
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ԿŶһҲúס
Կһе̹⽥ذ
̹İ辰еҲٵĻָԭ򣬵ǿԿóڵƱ֮ǰҪή࣬ڱͬʱҲƲٵ
ҪҲҪ۵ġ
ô˪ʲôҿɡַĿ˪
ޱʥԿȻħյ൱ô˪ʲôأ᲻ͬϲ
˪ޱ˪Цŵͷ
š˪Ӧһߵ˿յϡ
˪۾ڵ
˪ķ¶Ȼ½˺üȣⲻǴ½˺üȡ
˪Χʼð˰һ㱡İ˪ϣЩ˪ʼᣬγһװɫף˪ϡ
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ǱԪءַ˪жϣҪ˵ô£ַȴҲ˵ˡ
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ڱϵħУȷһַҲɺ˪һЧǾǱ
ܹγһװ˪ף˪ᱣ˺
˪źǱַҲóϵףԵĲǱ
ַһҲ֪ôһ£Ҳ˵ʲô
ǱϵıʲôΪǵһμҲ˵ַ͵
Ȼַ˵˪ϵı˪׵ľֱַó˪ܱȲޱͿǱϣǲ˵ġ
УޱͿǱ˪ܵǱҪһЩ
Ȼˣַ˪ϵıףҲ˺档
Ŀǰ˵˪ǱȻޱˣ˪ȴǿġ
ϵı˪жǿķַʵ
ǿİõơޱ˵
ַޱĻЦҡҡͷС㣬ǵõܷӳʲô㿳ƣҲʲô
ҿһ𣿡ַߵ˪ǰʵ
ԡ˪΢΢̧ͷĮҲԳһ˿
ó˪Լ׵ǳϲҲǳԺ
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ӿʼʽ˵˵һױף˵һ˪ףɰ˪ɵס
˪ײǱһ㣬ǷǳӲַҪǳ˪ױºۼ
µĺۼܿ˪ױʧУһܹԶ޸ס
ԣ˪׽øѲһԻ˪ףĻƻ˪ףҲ͸Ҫ˵˺˪˪ˡ
ַͷóһ׷ǳʵõ˪ףҲһַǳʵõ
Сˡַ˵
š˪һͷ
ַ˺һ˪һָһϸĵ绡ָϵ䵽˪ϣǺʵ˪ףϸĵ绡ȴ޷Ӧ˪׶ԪصĵֿԣҲ൱
ܺõһַǵͷЦ˵
˪׵ķǲַҲû̫⣬Ϊַ׵㹻˪ס
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˵ҵĵ绡𣿺˪ײɣֻһѡַЦ˵Ҳûн͵̫ϸ
ˣ˪ȭҲʩչҿ𣿡˪˪ȭַҲǷǳ档
á˪˵һãҲջϵ˪ףҿյϾʩչһɱڵȭ
˪ȭ̫࣬ȥȥҲʮжѣÿһȭǳ˵ɱڣÿһȭֱӹҪ˷ʤ
˪ȭʩչ¶ٴν˪ȭУһɱɱʹ÷¶Ȼ½
˪ԽԽ죬ַ˪ӰҲģٶ̫죬ַҲˡ
ȭַƣһ
ȻַҲȭǺ˪һȣ֮˸ûпɱԣַȭֻ֮ܳΪȭˡ
˪ԿҲǾ̾ѡ
ǵȻޱ˵Ľе
˪˪ȭѧģҴʦŴУַʵ
˪ŵӣ˪ȭʦҵġ˪͵
˪ţҪ˪ţҪʲô𣿡
ѧ˪ȭܰ˪š˪˵
ʲôַҡҡͷǳ⡣
˪ȭͬһȭһڼȭʲô˶ܹ˪ģҲֻܹ˪ȭʸ˪š˪˵
ԭôôȷǲܹ˪ȭҼ˪ţô֪ܲ˪ȭѵҳַʵ
࣬Ҳ˵ɡ
˪˵˪ȭһŵĿھοھ˪ŵĿ飬ֻҪܹƾſھһ˿˪֤ȷʵʺ˪ȭȻܹ˪š
ַû뵽飬ʵѧϰοھ𣿡
ԵģοھʲôܣھͿԸ㡣
ˣھġ˪Ľھ˵һ顣
ھ̶̣ܶʮַ֣һȫסˡ
ˣûõģСʱοھˣһЧҲûСޱЦ˵
ַȴʧЦԣԶɹ


151 鱨
˪ȭʵҪǳرֻһСʲ˪Ҳˣ˪ŵĹģһֱܵƣ˪ŵǷǳϡ١
˪褵У˪žʣСèֻˡ
ڶʮǰһżȻĻᣬ˵һ褵ı£ң褸мľ֮ټ˪ҲûˣʹԼļλ
˪Ȼͽϡ٣˪ȭҲӹɣ˪ŵػζ˵İ㣬ʮķչڽչڵģ
չļ죬˪ŵĹģάֲ䣬ʮ䣬Ҳֻλӣڵ˪һֻˣΪţλӡ
˪˵Щر˪ԭһ¶ҿĹ¶Ժгɳ褷˪ʣΪӣҸ˪
˪褵ĵλӣҲΨһһŮӣټ˪ޱ࣬˼һ𳤴ģ˪Ȼűޱְ𣬿˼ȴͬá
ЩޱİȫҲ˪
˪ҵԱӵһױ͸˪ŵĲҵ˪ŵ£Ҳǲġ
ʱգֻר뿪һػҵѾ䵽褼ӵϡ
˪ŵӵȽϲ࣬ҲܶʮСʱб϶ǰʱҼ˽˾ϻʱͻصԼıҲˣַʱ򣬲ûп˪ĵӡ
ˣ˪˵˵ǶʵĻ𣿡ַЩʵַǳ档
ΪĲͬǷΪ쾳硢쾳磬쾳ھ֣Ѿ쾳ĸ߶Ҷ쾳ĸ֪Ҳࡣ
쾳繲ʮ㣬ΪһֱΪС磬ֱǵ쾳ɽž
ž;磬ɽž֮ϣһǵɽɽ۷ʸ쾳硣
ÿСַΪ㣬ϼʮ㣬ҲǺ쾳ʮ㡣
Ŀǰľǿɽ㡣
ַ˪⣬ž൱սʿѧͽɽ൱ͭսʿڸһĵ쾳ǲ൱ڰսʿΪַûм쾳ĹߣĿǰ¶ۡ
ɽ㣬Ӧ൱ͭսʿڵʵʵڹ½ҲмڵϾ͸˲ĸˡ
ڵϣ˪һĿɽ֣Ҳ̫ģַ絽Ҳ˪ɽ֡
ڸĸ֣ûУֻΪ̫٣ãã˺֮УҲܹġ
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Ȼڿɽ֮ڣ߲εߣûڻ¶ۡ
ˣʦʦֶʲô磿˪пɽ㣬ôʦΪ϶Ҳ͸ˡ
ʦǰǵ쾳ڶ㣬ʲô磬Ҳ֪ˡ˪ַһۣҡҡͷ˵
˪룬˵ʦ磬Ѿ˵쾳һΪʦԪ࿪ɽΪʦԬάɽڶΪʦܹһΪ̫Сʮ꣬žĲ㡣
ʦֵû˪ãŵʱҲ˪粻˼꣬ΪϷû˪ߡ
ʵӶΪҪ
ÿһ磬ΪԽԽߣǾҲԽԽѣԽԽԽԽҲϡٵԭ
˪ɽľѾԱ֮Ϊ֣ʦ쾳磬򱻳֮Ϊ֡
Ŷԭַʵ˪԰ſھ˵һɣеһЩϸڣҿŪ
˪ȭĿھȻѾ˪Ŀлãǿھǳ£ַȻ˿ھȴûŪеĺ塣
ԡ˪ͷĵĽھеҪ˵һ顣
ַ罫ݼУЦŵ˵ͷллҼסˡ
˪Ҫ˪ȭĻӦȥҵʦ
ȹЩʱ˵ɡַЦЦܵ
ַ˪ʦΪǳ棬֪쾳ǲǾͺͰսʿһȼмʵ̫΢ڻǲҪȥλֵĺá
ַȻΪʽħʦкܶûɣ߱ʽħʦʵʱɲԼ鷳
ַüͷüһһֱ⡣
˪㿴ҵʱʲôоܸоϵ𣿡
ַ·ǳ棬ѵϵ߶Լʵ
оûио˪ҡҡͷ
ַЩȷˣԼڵħϵߣ¸о
ȻҲпǺ˪Ϊйϵ˪ʦܸоԼĲͬ
ַӴ̫ˣΪϢĲԵȣԺȷжϡ
ʱ䣬϶ַʣ˪ڴ˪֪ȻҲ࣬Ͼɣ֪ҪַĶࡣ
˪˵ҲǴɣЩɶڶ֮Уһǲ֪ǵĴڵġ
ԶľͲ˵ˣ˵Ǻ˪ʦ˵ں˪֮⣬ҹֱǽںͷɺɡ
һֽн׹书֮ͭƤǣӵзǷķ
ɺ书зɺ뷨һ׷֮һԳ߳ĸ룬սʱǵԶʱҲԽͶȥսԶǳ
书˪ȭȻҪȽ׹ͷɺ뷨࣬˪ȭߵҪܸߣ˪ŵ٣ɾͲһˣǵ书ǱȲ˪ȭ˵ڶ࣬ʵ˪ŸǿһЩ
ڵĻϾҲһˣӵԹߵвǳûĸܹ潻սЩŶֻưԹڳݷ
۸һɽĹһаҲ⣬ֿܹȭԸһʿ
ķչȴı˾ʱĸ֣һͨǹͿҪһɽߵҲˣûκһں;ӽа塣
ַЩߵ뷨ΪҲеһԱȻַͨǿ󣬿ȴҲòԼ
ʵǰǵ͵һĺá
ַҲЩ棬ߵȻ޷ԿӣǸ˵̫ǿģҪ㰵ɱʲôĻ»ǳףһЩǿɴڣ
ַʳʱ˪Ļش𣬼ַ⣬֮С
˪˵ܼ򵥣Ǽڲᡣ
Ǽڲ᣿
ȵȡ
˪ҾڸڣһˣһɫС֤С֤ŵַϡ
ַԾǣ֤ıдŹ֡
֤֤˪ֺ͹ţ˪λǹ鱨ڶ鱨顣
˹ַԾʵ
ټ˰ɣǹ֤˪ûмޱЦ˵Ȼ֤İ


152 ׼س
鱨ǹһĲţְֻһרŹͼӹڵʿ
ҶиʿĴڣ糬ߣߣɣʿ̫Ľͷʦ
ЩʿΪӵгǿͨͷѾԼǣǶΰΣԷǳԸҶӦĳ̨һϵߣЩʿ
ΪԱ˿ڶ࣬ʿҲ֮ڣڶЩʿĹϣҲԽ
ʿ쵼㶼ǳǶȺֿգɿµգܹյġ
ղףҲףǹеܹԸʿֲɵǲɵվŲ㿪ǹǵ뿪ǹǣһܴ⡣
һ޷ҲҪñɱ׼ûж쵼ԸԼ鷳
ڹҵĸУҲʿ߻ȻҪְЩҲԹҵߣĪӰ졣
Ľǳ̨˹鱨
鱨ҪְǷҰߣͼӵǼڲߡ
ڱ鱨֮󣬻ѡһʽΪҷȻʧȥһɣǹһǳõĴ˹̨İȫҲ˱ϡ
ڶѡǼ鱨鱨ǹʽԱǼԼϢͿˣܵİţҲΪִ
ǵ鱨ҲܸʲôõĴһһ̶϶ٽмӣԱ㲻ΣҰȫΰ
鱨ͬʱҲߺ͹ҹͨһ߿ڵ鱨ԸȡǮҲԷ鱨鱨ҲԽԼĲڵ鱨Ͷߣ鱨ͬҲάȨĻ
Ҳû취飬ҲΪάȨ棬ôЩʱ򣬿¾ͻԼֽнһ»ɸ鷳ɵ鱨нĺá
ֲ֣鱨ôַʵ
ޱȻ˪˵£һַ𣬾ЦŽ͵ôɻ㲻ĶʲôǲǴΣҰȫǻ棬֮ȻԸ룬ͻǲ֣Σȫ㡣
ҲͦԵģôûܹΥ𣿡
˪˵ûУҲǵļӷΧڣڲ򣬾֣ҲӵģֻǵǼڲѣûҪ͹Ÿɡ
֪鱨Ĵڣַ練һ
һֱڵĹҶЩʿĴ룬֪鱨ĹܣַҲͷˣ㱻رĽҲǼ鱨
鱨ԱýָܹɣַȻɵģ̫ܵԼ
ַһʵˣ˪ҲӴǵʵôʵôֵģ
ߣǵȴûнӴҲ֪ǵôߵȴ֪ġ
߷ΪļֱSABCҲSߣAߣBߣCߡ
CSǿSҲ൱ֵĴڡ
ߵʵ֣˪ӦBʦA
緶ΧڣA߶ǷǳǿĴڡ
ĵĳԣʱķɿ죬ַһֱˡ
ĸʲôʱַ糯ޱʵ
ĵ°࣬ĵ뵽Ұɡ
ַͷ˵ҿʱҲˣҲûȥˡ
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ַЦҲˣҴһģŵ֮ǰҿ²Ҵ̫ãʱ䲻ˣҪȥ׬ǮˣҪңɲһ׵顣
ַЩֿûôױץ㲻ҪţڼҲҪСһ㡣
Կؿڵᣬǿ˵ַ磬ҪҵȸޱɣҸҪ
ޱЩͿҪر
ַĵ˵ͷԿ˵ַ͸ҵĻֽзϺرʹͿԼϵħͻΧγһ֮ܣ֮ܽᱣԼ˺
Կʹ÷ص㣬˵һ顣
ϻޱ
治УߣȻҲƷ֮һַ͵
ޱͷǽ˵
ַ룬ùȴŵ˪ϡ
Ϊֻ˪սŵ˪ϣӺʡ
Ҳǡޱַܿˡ
ǷװޱֻһͨˣһϮһҲ޼£˪Ͳһˣ˪Ϊߣӵս˪ҪټһӷĻսǿҲܹõıޱ
ַ룬ֽԼָϵĿ־ָǣޱְ֣ѿ־ָָϡ
ޱҲַܾ罫ָϣЦ˵ҲͨĽָɣ
ͨĽַָûҪڸϡ

ַЦ˵ͷһöָҲͨĽָһö־ָ
־ָܹһĹߣ߻еˣڶʱ־֮УӶﵽöԷɥʧĿġ
ַͷޱĶߣĽ˵һ顣
ޱоģһ˿һֵֺĸоᡣ
ˣסˣҪʱװԾһַ罻
ַԥһ£˿ޱֿ˿˪̾һǰǿҩˮ˳
ַŮǰСС¶һֶΣɨ϶ʱʮƿҩˮ
ôģħޱȵĽе
ַЦˣҿߣֻһС
ˣҵˣؼĵطЩҩˮַָϵҩˮǿҩˮʹ÷Ժ˵һ顣
ޱٴη̾ϾȻҩˮ
һֱǳ˪ʱҲ¶˾ȵɫҷǳĿϵǿҩˮ
ڸղַĽУַ˵Щҩˮܹģ˪һߣӣȻǸӿ
ַٴοֱⶼĵˣĸˡ
ǰɡޱվ
Ҳá
ַĸ˵绰߸ĸԼؼҳԷȵַ絽ҵʱĸѾ׼һٷǳʢ͡
ϣְַ־һϣĵʵ֣Ҫں𣿡
ָЦ˵Ǿ÷٣չǱ󣬶ںסô꣬ϰһںġ
ַЦҡҡͷ˵УȻְֶ˵ˣҲͲǿˣͬѧޱĵ绰ϵ㷢̳ҵĲҵں㷢̳һ棬Ϊ㴦õġ
㷢̳ǿ̫ˡָ˷ܵĽе
㷢̳ǱĴ̳֮һֺܹضοһֱָԸ
ְֵַ֪뷨ҲԸְְ֧Ը
֣ſҴһǧں׷ʣµǮ⣬ǮҪǲˣٸ˵
ãáָȻӿֽӹпϲЦ۾
ŰְֻϲַҲǸˣַ绹ѵ֣ǮС飬Ҳͼģ׬Ǯ׬ǮĲҪǧҪΪ׬Ǯӡ
İɣϰָЦе˵
ͷӰ帣Ҳ֪ĸԹһ䣬ֶַ˵С簡Ҫˣ
ַ˵ţҪȥˣ֣裬ϼ˵أ׼칤ٲȥҪ󹤳ˡ
ȥҲãҵΪ


153 ɽг
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ͺãǴѾˣǨؿҪǧ򡣡
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סغûסڼ۸ϲֱܶ࣬ؾˣػҪرǲǻǮĴͷ
ӾõĽǶ˵أɲʲô˵顣
ллˣǮܽĶС飬Ҳ׳Կģ¾Ҫ鷳æˣţѾص齻ξˣַָӺЦ˵
УҾξˡ
ڹ˾ݴһ黹ҪӺȰѵƤ鴦ãҪ
ִַӺԴټһ棬˴һһ緹ǿһθ߲ͷᡣ
ԴҲַ˺Ϣϵ˵սѺǰĲӣ󲿷սĿǰȶĹҲвս⣬һԴٵϢѾӦ
һ׼±Ҳ˹ֻһ̹
ȷʮˣԺࡣ

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ؾ̫ˣׯУսʿ̫ˣֻԱׯȴؾҲǵؾ˲ԭ֮һ
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Ѿһ֣ҪڶѡԲõ鱣뿴
ش峤ǽǵľͷӣ˹Բ顣
Щһ鲢һΪЩ鶼ǵоѡľƷ飬ÿһֱ13һŸǴﵽʮ˺ס
Ŀǰгϣ1314׵ĵƷǧԪֱ15ϵģΪ٣г۸ձԪҡ
Ȼ࣬ǿſŶǾƷۼֵ»ǳɹۡ
Ҳַƶ¹滮ֻƷ⣬ϵȵȡļֵ
ӵΣõĴ齻׻˵⡣
飬һ飬һǰ飬ɫĵúɼģϰڶǲɹġ
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ַϲĸһĴ飬Щڹ½ֵǮ飬˵Ǽֵ鱦һ飬Ϊַɹ۵롣
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ǰַҲκΣô󷽷ĽռɽгһԲʷ˳
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гһַǳõĽͨߣƾڲԴڹ½رá
гٶȻȲĦУҲ˵˫ߵĿ죬ҲԴһַǳĽͨߡ
ԭõģַгǰΧ۵ˣ̲ס̾


154 ֤ħʦ
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λʦڶӹķǳʣҲֻԵͣǵĺ뱲ҲУɹ
ʦЩĵЦǶħʦЭᣬѾʮûħʦǰ֤ˣΪ֤Ҳǵҡ
ħʦڽʸ֤ʱ򣬸ԸȥУͺѧҵ֤ѧıҵ֤һѧıҵ֤϶ǲһģȻܹһѧıҵ֤˭Ըȥȡѧıҵ֤
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ַˣˮħˮ֮УħˮһŰɫĹ
׾ǺˣǳáʦЦŵ˵ͷ


155 ϵħ
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ʵʵʩ飬ַʩչһףͨ
Ȼ֪ʶĿˣһֿˣΪħʦļɽַҲشķǳڳλʦĶðͷ
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ΪǶϵħˣԶϵħЧΪԣԪħ࣬ϵħʦר÷ȡ
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ʩ⣬һȷȻͼٻħǳʵõԡ
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156 ҩʦ
뿪ħʦЭᣬַ粢ûмŻȥڼϹ
ܵؾϮӰ죬С̶Ӷ޷뿪ǣǵĻֻڵۣϵǸ˵Ľе̶ֳȷɸ֡
ЩС˷Ķ廨ʲôУС·ߣ󵽿ԵĺȵĴõģʳס
ַڼ߹ĿĿżϵĸƷ֪Щڹ½ѰĶͷž˵̻ͲƸ
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ΪЩڵǶһݣ¢⣬κ¢ϵ⣬ǱĴʡ
ҲһܴԱ⣬½̫˺͵ȫͬôܰȫģڲйزŹע½гַۣһֱڵĵ⡣
ַȻ֪λóףܹԼɵйĲƸеķҲǳ޴ҲַһֱСҽó׵ԭ
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ǵصһʳڣ־ͽǣַԹ⣬൱ȷɣѩţ⻹Ҫóԡ
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ţַͻȻǰһ
һ̯λϣַ翴ҩ
½ΪħԪصĴڣҲʢҩڳڵʹУͷ˲ҩ;ħҩˮڲҩĻġ
ħҩˮ⣬ͨڻĳЩҩֱʳãҲԲЧ
Ҫ֪ҩҩˮĹǺ鷳ҲܸӵģֻʦҩˮͨûħҩˮħҩˮֱӷòҩҲһѡ
ȻֱӲҩ϶ûзҩˮôЧˣҲʤھʵݼ۸ˡ
ַ֮뿪賧ҲǴЩҩ⡣
ħҩˮԲҩƷҪȽϸߣҲֻЩħ޳ûΣյشŻǵȲҩ
ЩƷʽϸߵĲҩ⣬һЩҩЧ΢ͨҩ˵ĻҰɽЩҩҩЧ΢Ǽ۸Ҳˣͨڵճѡַ翴еҲЩҩ
ַӣ̯λϵĲҩ̯λһֲҩ
ֲҩУݵļ䣬ַϳֲҩ֣ʶַֻǽ˵Ĳл꣬һֲȱļ䣬Щʱͻֲʶ
ܸʲôҩ𣿡ַָԼʶֲҩʵ
̯һʮĴ󺺣̯䵭ĿַһַۣؿڵħʦµʱͫȻһɿĻϹɫ˵𾴵ķʦˣѪǲݣڹͷرЧţͷܹǿʣҪˡ
̯ͨĽܣֲַҩ˴µ˽⣬ѪǲһְɫСݣǳСݵ֦Ҷ涼һֺɫҺ壬Ѫǲݵ֡
Ѫǲݶڹͷ˺رЧ׻˵˽һ죬ѪǲܹٹͷĻ̵ָһڡ
ţͷһֲĸֻǳЩţͷ˽ţͷ
ţͷڼźܺõЧţͷ˷˿ϣܼЧȬ
ַ簵ֶ֣ҩݡ
ַ̯һۣǰ̯˵ҩͷͷǵȻڲҩǳϤɲһũܹġ
ʲôַ֡ʵ
𾴵ķʦˣҽп̯Ļش
ַͷʵڲҩϤ𣿡
ҵĸһҩʦҴС͸Ÿѧϰҩ֪ʶڴ󲿷ֵͨҩҶ˽ǵԡ˵ҩϴһɽš
ҩʦְҵԲҩ˵һƣͨ£ԳΪҩʦˣҩݵԿ϶Ƿǳ˽⡣
óڸ׵ĲҩʦݣǳԺ
ڹ½еĲ֢ܹʦʥⷨҲûвҽְҵǲеƽܹʦƣܶһ˻ҩҽΣҩҲɴ˶
ҩ˶ڲҩԺԽԽϤҲͱ֮Ϊҩʦ
ҩʦҲԿǹ½ƽҽ
ԭ㸸أ
ҩʦȻʲô߹ְҵҲʲôطܹģȻˣַϣܹƸһЩҩʦΪԼ¡
ɫȻ˵ڼǰһβҩ;ħ޵ϮѾˡ
Ȼҩ˲ɼĲҩȫشͨҩǹ½Ұ⻹̫Σˣżвҩ˻ħ޵Ϯ
ܲңΪΪĸ׶Ժַ˵
ǵģΪҵĸ׶ԺǿЦЦɫࡣ
ַ˵ģҪҩʦΪ£Ը𣿵Ȼ귽Ի⡣
ûκοǣܵĽеԸ⣬Ը⣬𾴵ķʦˣԸΪЧ͡
ҩʦֻһĳƺǵĵλ룬ȵũ϶٣ܹһλ߹ħʦӶǿζ벻ĺ顣
ԿûпǣʹӦ
ַħʦݣһϣŹؼԵá
Ȼַ粻ħʦֻҪǮҲܹӶҩʦģǵĽǮϵȻûħʦķͷġ
ĲҩҲһ߰ɣˡַָ̯λϵĲҩ˵
ҪĻЩҩˡ˵ȻЩҩҲܹʮöҵĸ߼ۣΪ˻ħʦĺøУǴ󷽵ĲǮҡ
°ɣ𣿡ַЦЦȥһöҡ
̫ˡһû뵽ַȻһöҡ
Ҫ֪һѲҩҲֻʮöҵĸ߼ۣѾõˣַһ־һöңֱӾǲҩʮֵַĿÿһ
°ɣӦõģΪ£㽫ԻһС
лллл
ɿĽҩϣ¶һĨЦݣڽǳڴ
ðȻһλħʦףԸ֮飬ףҰɡ


157 
ڼһȦַſصԼС
ַ£վţŵһָЦ˵ɣһ㡣
ǣǣллϣóЩš
ַЦЦʵ֪һֽа˿Ĳҩ𣿡
˿֪˿˲ݣһֺܳĲҩЩ岻ʵʱ򣬺˰˿ݵˮоʣ˺ƺûЧԲ˲ݵ֡ѿڶֻɻΪʲôַ˿
˿ҰݣҶǰɫ緢˿һϸԱ˳֮Ϊ˿
˿һֺܳĲҩͷ洦ɼΪֵǮȥժ˿
˿;ĿǰҲʣֻ˵ĳЩ֢״˰˿ݵˮ֮󣬻õٵĻ⡣
ַļҲйڰ˿Ϣݰ˿Ե˲ַ֢²⣬˿ܻܿԸѪѹѪ֬һļЧ
½ձϺãøѪѹѪ֬˷ǳ٣ҲֻвŻ˵ЩЩں˰˿ݵˮ֮󣬺ܿͻָ
ڰ˿ЧַЩ²⣬Ǻܿ϶һȷʵЧ۰˿һܺõĲ·
Ȼַ粻ɵ۰˿ĳƷǻὫӹ֮ŽַۣĻ賧Ϊ˶׼ġ
ڿΪŪһЩ˿𣿡
ȻԡȻַ⣬ǷǳĴӦ
ȥɣҪõ˿ַ˵
õģӦһŴӵɻ뿪
ûãϰлˣΪַ˻˹оϢ
˹ǵصƹ壬ƬѾʮ꣬ǰĴоڵоʱ򣬻˹аǨ˳ס˶ǡ
һĻ˹п˹ǻ˹ĵĴо
˹оȾƣǳҵ׼ȷַҲ׾ܹ
ַϰаݷ˿˹о
𾴵ķʦ£ʲôΪЧ͵𡣡
ַλİħʦİݷã˹оо־ȣ˹оҲ֪һλħʦɲܹģд
һλʵȨоһʽħʦǻ˹оʵȨоֻһλȨС壬ɲһλضǿʽħʦ
ַûкͻ˹оףֱ˵˵˹оҪϽһʦṩҵľޣϣܹأѾҿʦѯʹˣ˵ƶ񤣬ֻҪ˰ٽҾͿȫΪ˲ʧԸڰ˰ٽҵǰϣټһٽңһŰٽء
ַȻûʹʦص飬ʱ򣬽ʦ̧½̸еĽС
ʦŰٽҡʦ֣˹оֶһ˿ɵŰٽҵĸ߼ۣ˹оЩĶˡ
ַ˵˹оһƶأƶزֲõҲũÿ˰նһǳµ֡
˹оС̫ƶˣյǰг۸񣬰˰ٽѾǸ߼ۣŰٽѾˡ
ܹԾŰٽҵأ˹оѾռ˺ܴıˡ
Ȼռ˱ˣǻ˹оЩģҪ֪أǼѾʮ꣬ô׵ȥʵ̫ܼˣ١ҲҪһǧҡ
ӲӵĽռ˻˹оӣ̰ɱ˫ۣ˹оЦ˵𾴵ķʦ£Ӧ֪ضһҪԣѾǻ˹дʮʱ䣬Ǽһлȡûأǻ˹Ҳ͵ʧȥԴ
˶٣˹о˵ص㣺ĳۿ»̫һЩٻҪټٽҡ
˹оһѸղõһٽңһָĳٽҡ
Űٽټٽңһǧٽңһĺ⡣˹оΪԼĺ⣬ﰵĹơ
ַɫ̳ٽҶ˵޹ؽҪַ֪ԲܴӦ˻ͷ齫鷳
ַ˵˹أͻķˣÿûж˰գټϻҪϽ˰ܹ䵽ڴ˰Ѿʣ˶ˡ
Ҳ֪άǻ˹ճĲص˰𣬶Ǽ롣
뿴ɣŰٽҵ룬㹻Ĺģһʱܹ׬ȡĽңĴͷ
飬ҲϰдģΪ֪Ĵڣûַ紦ڱλ
˹оȻû뵽ǰİħʦȻ֪飬εЦЦǿҲӦףضһҪԣҵҪҲߣֻҪټٽҾͿˡ
ַЦЦݵվ˹оŰٽѾǷǳ߰ļ۸벻˳ļ۸һߣ֪ظҸһʱпǣٸҴ𸴡
ˣѾӦ˿ʦֶشʦ´ʦ룬λʦͣ޷۸ҵĻôֻλʦΪһؽʦˡ
ˣټɡ
ַλʦ֣˹оһ˿ŭ;塣
ʲôλʦͷѹң˹оǳŭǲɷϣλʦͷǺܺõģλʦڶǵȨƣ˹о֪һǿǶŶܹõǲλʦִѹġ
־ŭǻ˹оӻѵģ֪ԼӦǡġ
ַҪߣ˹о̴е𾴵Ĵʦ£ͻȻ˵ȷŰٽһǳļ۸ҵҴӦˡ
ַͣ½Ųת΢Ц˵ôǷǳǵѡ񡣡
ַ˵¶ϲɴ䣬ȻѾӦأôھȥǵĹᣬȫɡ
Ըµ񣬻˹оҲֻЦŴӦ
ǹһȨԱɵصĹɣϽڵĹԱ
Ȩ൱κκ͹йϵ飬Ҫȥд
ؽףҲҪڹа
ȻᣬһֵоӴ˼ؽס
˹оԸأַҲʸأַĵĵȥһС֮󣬵ֵоʹĽȫ
ص˵൱ϸֿ˵൱ɢ
ƽǾ͹൱ϸ񣬶Ĺ壬ľ൱ɢرС֮СصĽףҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
ȻҲǰģصĽ벻ܳӦĹȼӵӦأλǾԲӵгλȼصġ
˹оزСҲַʽħʦݣ㹻ϷĽ
ϣعַС


158 ٻ
ȵ춼ˣۿҲԼĻʱ䡣
ַ룬ȴûֱǰȥ棬ϰȥưһۡ
ʱգַѾʽħʦݲȣ̫鷴á
ȵ뵽УַͷЦ˵ԭȥưɺһģҪ飬ʵ̫ˣֻһۡ
̫ˣۻᣬҵҡ΢΢һЦȻ˵
һɣİķƣζַ򿪹ӣΪԼһķơ
ķƳɫǵðķƵĹƣȻžƵƣǾƾǳֻͣһֹ֭ϡ
ķƵζַܲڼ׼˲ٰķơ
ллӹķ˵
˺Űķ˵һлַ˵£ҲǴħʦѧͽģ֪ǵļѣķϣҿԽһٽңΪʵãҲҪΪЩ飬Ȼµı꣬㡣
ϲæл̫лˣַ編ʦ
һٽҵʵԼУҲ͵ڿԼ׬Ǯˡ
л֮࣬ǽʵҪʲôҺܵģҵָɵ񡣡
ܼ򵥵񣬲һ˿޷ɡ
ַЦЦ˵Ҫ㰴ҵҪ󣬶һЩҩҩЩ࣬ƾһ˿޷ʤΣһЩʶħʦѧͽһ귽һġ
ȻһλħʦѧͽǱϾѾͨˣܹһЩͨ޷ɵĹҲַύԭ
ȻҩַԼͿһ̫ռʱˣַʱǳԸǮЩħʦѧͽΪԼ
ĻǾûˡһ˵
ǽһٽңҪָɸ㡣ַ罫һңϣ΢Ц˵
ħʦЭĹԱЭϸϢַ粢ǮܣԷĵİǮ
ؿڣǳŵ˵İɣұ֤ɡ
˵Ҳǣҩʵ̫ˣǳġ
Ƭ̣Ÿȥ
ȥַ΢΢ЦԼһ仰ȷû˵ԼķǳæһߣԼֱ뿪ʼæµַһ顣
ħķУһħٻħٻħΪֱ࣬ԪٻٻԼԼٻ
ԪٻһʱԵٻٻˮԪأԪأԪأʱԵٻԪΪԼս
ԪٻҲ򵥵ٻħ
ٻһٻħýĻȡӦ˫Լͨ󽫻ٻʩߣս٣ʹΪԼս
һ԰ȫٻʽǻ޵ʵǺʩߵʵȵģûȡɿԣֻٻһֻ
ԼٻָԼħޣħΪԼս
ħʦ뾫ԼӦԼԿӦħޣĳħ޽֮󣬣ҲͰֻħ޴ٶֻħͷӦԼͿԿֻħޡ
ַѾʹùԼɹĿֻޣһֻǼӥһֻǺǡ
ַڵĿǻٻ
ٻٻеһڣħʦûԼޣǻеħʦһֻԼĻޡ
޵̬ħ޲ͬû޵;ͨħٻʽħʦܹһ㣬Ҳħʦӵл޵ԭ
ڻޣҪμǵġ
һֻʽħʦʵٻޣҲֻʽħʦ׶βٻ޵ʱڣ߹ٻĻƷӰ졣
ڶ޵ʵ˵ʵ˶أʵԽǿƽʱԻ޵Խģֻ޵ʵҲԽǿ
ǲĴڣ֮ع޽磬ͨħٴٻǻ޵Ի޵ıԴɾ޴Ӱ죬ڶʱڽͻ޵ʵʹһֻ޵Ǳʼ
ȻǲĴڣΪ˻һֻǿĻޣõǲҪ
ħĲ÷ǳ򵥣ַܿԼҵĵϲúһħ
ħȻúˣַ粢ûмŽٻ
ħʦļ䣬ٻһΪ֪СܣҪɹٻԼǵĻޣٻѡ񣬷ǳؼ
ѵʱҹʱ̣ҹյԲҹеʱʱħƽʱǸʱлٻܹиĻٻϡеĸƷʻޡ
޵ʵȡҲȡڱƷʣõƷʣܹʹֻޣǿ
յʱ򣬲賿һ㵽ʱΣǸʱ㣬ٻСʱ
ַս磬ս翪ʼܣսУʱŻ÷ǳСʱַ类ս˳
ʵеСʱսоСʱǲϵٸСʱļ
һٸСʱļַ׵øܹڣͷס
ܵȻһ飬Ĺ̫һЩ
һ°ɣսвϵĿû˺˵Ҳû֪Ĵڣ˵ʱһУʹĻܹ˾񷢷衣
ÿϣַ綼һֲ׵ĸоΪʵֲòʹ࣬ս
һʹಢſֵ̡
ַԼϢƬ̣ȵָϥϣʼڤ
Ȼڹ½ڤ룬ûеϵʮЧڤԱ۷״̬²ܹõٻޡ
ʱһһĹȥܿ͵߹еʱ̡
һ̣ħƽʱ̡
ַӴվߵٻħıԵ
ʱ䵽ˣʱһѵٻʱ̡
ַóħȣշȣʼٻġ
ٻԼһʮ֣ٴ㻨ַӵʱ䣬Űɡ
ĵĽеϵħҲſʼתħ˸ɫĹԣԽԽγһɫĹâħϿոת
ɫĹâоǻ޽ڡ
ڳַ֣һġ
һĺܼ򵥣̴ֻٶڡ
¡ͻɣ
ַʶȻһ㱣оԼƺǴɫﴩ˹ȥ
ַ֪󣬵Ҳš
ַǰһƺѾǵɫУӶһֵĢ
ƬĢֺ֣һְɫľĢĢʮףֱף˵ǾĢһ㶼û˵
ĢлƮɢһɫŨʹַҰܵƣֻܿʮڵԶԵ÷ǳģ
ʱһֻԴСŨзɳ
Ϊ˵صַһƾ˫ͷ޿Ҳַһַۣǰٷȥ
һֻ˫ͷޣǲһַлޡ
˫ͷ޵ɢһ㵭ɫԣֻ˫ͷӵаƷʡ
޵Ʒʹ֣ɵ͵߷ֱ̹ͭޣɫİޣɫĻƽޣɫޣɫĵޡ
ͨħʦĻƷʶǰޣܹƽѾǼõںɫ޺ɫĵޣǿˡ
ַһ޽һֻ˫ͷޣ
ͬһĻޣҲвͬƷʣͱǰ˫ͷޣпͭƷʣҲпǻƽƷʣַϵǰƷʡ
ֻ֮µĴѡ񣬲򲻵ѣַ粻ѡޡ
ַѡʱҲ̫ã£ֻһӵʱַѡ񣬵ΪַյʱĻ޽磬аСʱʱ䣬ڴͣ
һʱһַǷ˻ޣᱻ߳޽磬ҴӴ֮Ҳûлᣬ˵ء
ħʦһֻһλܹ޽硣


159 
һֻһεĻᣬַϧҲӣҪڹ涨ʱҵһֻǵĸƷʻޡ
Ź˫ͷַ֮ûмѰңһž޴Ģ
Ģǳ޴ֱףʮףͺһߴʯΧ
ַھĢϿһȦݵļ䣬ЩĢʵҲܵġ
ЩĢƻԲʵһԲԲĶպָĢֵĴ
ھĢУԽǿԽϸƷʵĻޣַֻҪ׼˷򣬾кܴĻᣬܹøƷʵĻޡ
СǵڽĢ֮ŷֵģǺܿϧڷĢֵ֮Ѿ˳ȥʱ䣬Ҵҵҵһֻƽޣֻź뿪˴˵ء
ĢֵܣѾ䵽ַϡ
ַϸ鿴ĢĲͬȻĢһ͹˳һЩԲĶˡ
ַ鿴ĢĢϷһĶˣҶһ
ַûԥ̳ٵķ˹ȥ
޽ַֻһƾûֽţǰ˶ǿз衣
ڻ޽ٶǺ㶨ģǻ޻ǽ˵صһƾҲˣץ󣬿Ҳһ׵顣
ʱһһĹȥַٵķУһָֻֻĻޣַȻܹЩ޶ͭ޺ͰޣһֻƽҲû
ƷʵĻ޿ɲôϵģĻֶޣˡ
ַҲԽżȻ˵ᷢĢֵܣվֻһֲ²⣬ǲˣҲǲ֪ģΪ᱾Ҳûȥ޽Ĵ
ַĬĬļʱ䣬ʱѾȥʮˣǸƷʻ޵ӰӶûпһĲ²ĴģʱʱѾȥôַֻһֻʹˡ
ַĬУʱѾȥһӣʱ򣬻ǿƷʻ޵Ӱ
£ַʱѾ޽߳ȥˣΪַҹʱ̽ޣʱȫħΪƽʱ䱻ӳ˰Сʱַ绹һӵʱ䣬Ѱһ޵ġ
ַҧҧʱٺҲѾˣֻŵжһǰס
ӵʱֹܿȥˡ
ƽޣ
ǻƽޣ
ַͻȻϲĴһþĢ£һֻں˯ľ޴ʨӣʨӵɢŵĽ⡣
ַ翴ĵһֻƽޣֻƽޣַĿһ˿ԥԥգ۾ͱַ綪ˣַٶȲ䣬Ȼǰٷȥ
ƽ޹ȻϧǷôľͷ͵õһֻƽʨʵ̫˷ˣźġ
֮һƴַһΣҪץץޡ
ֻƽʨ֮·ƽ޵ļʹȻַѾԽüλƽˣлһֻƽ񣬴˵չʮףľ޴󣬷ǳ񿥣ַ翴ֻͷǳϲҪǵŵޣͰɰֻС
ʱֹȥӣַƽ޵ıҲԽԽߣֻһֻǻƽޡ
ޣ
ַٴξһһֻ˸źͷᣬַǰ߹ھַߵʱֻͷƺַɨһۣ΢΢һȻٵܵˡ
ַʱһѵܹԼ
޿ԼԼ׷ȥͿԽץһܹԼôץѶҲ֪ˡ
ַһƣѵϵĻܹԼ
ַˣƷʵĻķǳԻãֻõ걬ļһ˵ĵõǡ
ʱѾ˲ôˣַٶȲĵȥ
ĻѾ֣ôޣӦҲǰ治Զˡ
ʱԽԽ٣ֻʣˡ
ʱһֻľţַܳǰţĳַڷһһžʹܿ
ַȷޣȷܹԼ
ķֹȻûдԽǿĵشԽܹҵƷʵĻޣַǰԽԽĳַǰ
ַʱѾʣ޼ֻʣӡ
ַδ˵ļᶨûκεԥûκͣĳǰǰ
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ħħڵľڣħ˵;Ҳǳ㷺ϣ׵ħУħܡ
֮⣬ħΪħħľۣħеħҲܹںϣΪԼһ֡
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Щҩˮһƿļ۸͸ߴңһ˾ƿҪʮöңƽϰ˵һ޷ľ޿
Ҫ֪ͨũһ룬ҲͼʮöҶѣʮöңʮĻˣôõó
лĶͣ׷ĽŲ̵ĶƣҲĳ˼Ĺַǰ¸߰ͷ­ʾԼҳϡ
ɡ
ַ˵ǵҳϣѾԲŻʹЩҩˮһӳʹҩˮͨԱҪǱãҲõҵĶ͡
ǿ԰Ϣɢ룬ӦҲŬѵԼ
ˣ˹˵
ˣѵĿǶкܲ𣿡ʵ
ܲͶһǳ﷦ζ飬ٶԱѵĿǳ⣬ҲЩԹˡ
ԣȥֱҸµѵֲΪֹ
ǡ
ַЦЦ˵˲Բݿͷ˳ֻһ˳ҲٴμˣҵĻĸǰɡ
ǣЩСǣ᲻뿪ġ˵֮ǰЩСӾ᲻뿪˵ˣرǵҩˮϢɢȥ󣬿ĸɵԸ뿪ʿ
ͺãѵ飬ͽˡ
ˡ


163 ׯ԰
ӺҴ뿪ַصլԺ
ƤڣǰıʼǱԿٵ֣Ϊʹþụֵ̂ٶȷǳ֮죬ﵽ۲ɼĳ̶ȡ
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û̵ٶȲ䣬ȴֳַеˣˡ
Ŀ͸һ˿棬ַٷǳأַ˵ڻܸܣȵʱ죬֪һС
ַߵ󣬳ſĵĻһۣԼĵ绰ʵ⼸춼ʲô˸Ҵ绰ʲô顣
ַ粻ڵڼ䣬绰ͷߣݣ绰ȵַת绰ݡ
ʱһͣ¶ԵԵĲַ˵ϰ壬ڼ䣬һʮһĵ绰
伫ãʮһ绰ݶʱһֲȫһ顣
ʮһ绰󲿷ֶѵʺ绰ûʲôҪģ绰ַ⡣
һˮĵ绰һĵ绰
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ȻѾ֪Ϥ⣬ַȻҲԴУϤЩȥ
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ַһ㶣û뵽ڼ£ǵֵ飬ַû˿ȤַҲ;ܾѧҲèĹôȭĶ֣㻹ɡ
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һ߿ЧͼתһϸĽ
˵Ҫһׯ԰ΧڣźɽͷҲС
ׯ԰ᱻߴ׵ΧǽÿһףΧǽһߴʮ׵ĲtԳֵĹ۲쵽ׯ԰κһ䡣
ͷķֲͷׯ԰һʮͷԱ֤κһ˿ͷļ֮¡
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ׯ԰İôܣҪׯ԰ڿտҲǸӵ˻ɣ
ַ統ʱ뵽һׯ԰ý
ׯ԰ƺֲҴЩﶼֲֲͨģֳĹֲ
ַĹ滮ȵׯ԰ڵĸ԰ضҪϹ滮еĻ֮ׯ԰ڸݵֵܼᳬڣʮڣǸʱׯ԰ļֵȫһˡ
ׯ԰ֲĻݵĽ̶ȣׯ԰㱣ܣҲ֡
ȻƻӴҪׯ԰Ĺ滮ҪһЩʱ䣬ҪӴĲ֧֡
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Ҫ԰Ϊԭ򣬱ŵ˺ɽɽλƫƧ԰ӦǷǳʵġ
԰ѵĵطĳЩҪǿˣѵԸõıׯ԰İȫ
԰ĸˣǰݶѡ˾ġ
ַ뿪֮ǰҲѾԸϰУ޵ѼѼĿǻѪħ޵ĺᣬͨҰûļֵ
չʾ԰Чͼһ䣬ֵһ
ׯ԰彨ˡ
彨ҲַҪסĵط
彨һƺĶ㣬UͣдСһٶʮ
ǰһ뿪ʽ¶ӾأӾصĶʱ赲꣬Ҳ⡣
ӾصһǣƳˮ԰ģˮʩ֣㲻ͿԼҵӾˮĿ֡
ӾƵĺӾصΧƽĹ㳡㹻λãԾٰһ¶ƻᡣ
ڱĺԺƳһ԰ڻ԰ģһҪĽ
һߴŲķʦ


164 
ׯ԰УҪĽҪŲߵķʦˡ
Ϊʦĵײͨ½Ŀռ
ַʦĺܴһĿģΪ˱µĿռ
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ڵĻЧͼϣʦͼƬǱһй棬Ϊ֪ʦ޽ʦ޽ͼַ
ʵϣΪʦĽǷǳģΪʲôҪڱĺ޽һأΪʲôҪзʦأ
ʹַ⣬ַЦЦֱ֮ӵˣʱ
˵˵Ľ֮⣬ϰҪǵ½ͼ
ڱĵ£ƳһΪƣڷʦĵ¡
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ܺõƣЩƶôģģַʵ
񽻸ʱ򣬿û뵽ɵôá
Ц˵Ǹ°ʵܼ򵥵ģˣҰׯ԰ƲֳɷݣȻصĽʦֱƣȻٽǵڵϽϣͳͼֽˡ
˵򵥣ʵҲ׵ģȲɢϣмĹ̷ǳҲֵŲתҪַԼĻǿɾ鷳ˡ
ַͷ˵ƵĺܺãûйֻҪׯ԰Ҫ޽òɣ
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ȥʦ͵½޽ʩ޽Ӧǧҡ
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ĿǰҵĹ滮ֻһ蹤δַ϶ĲҵԳ˴һ㣬Ϊλá
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á
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ĵģַЦҡҡͷȻѾ飬Եһ֣ƺǱ˲
ַȨڵϲŵϳֵһ̨̨߶˷ַ֪ѾͷʼĹ֮ˡ
ַ룬Ҳûǽռһ¨˿˳
ַ²˿߱ƸѪѹҩЧûʵ飬Ҳ޷ȫȷ
Щóİ˿ַ֮ʹá
һĻ֮һԽеľӶʹá
ܼ򵥣ħʦѧͽҲʹãĹ̺ܻһܷʱĹҺַҪİ˿̫࣬Ӧò̫ʱ䡣
ַץһѰ˿һѰ˿ŵһֻ͸ĳĲƿ˫סƿʼʩչ
£ƿеİ˿ʼڣ˿ԽԽڣط˽̿һ㣬ڽ̿İ˿УȴһСɫҺ強˳һɫҺ建Ųƿĳƿ˳
ַַһƿպҺ
ַ翴ʱ䣬ѾȥӣħʦΪһѰ˿Ҳӵʱ䣬֪Ƕôĺķʱ䡣
Ҫ֪˿ͨĲҩ֮һѾǷǳױˣԽǸƷʵĲҩԽʱķѵʱ䣬ҲԽ
ַԼ̣һСʱַеĲƿѾװСƿİ˿Һ
ɣھҪʵˡ


165 սع
νҩֶȻƽʱʹУ˿ûֳǲ˿ûжԣֻ˵Ƕ΢˿ǰ˿ҩԵŨ˵΢Ķص˾ҺУͱ˾綾
ȥ˷֮ǰȽжʵ顣
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˿ζľҺζֺͰ˿ЩͬˣҺûһ˿ζһ˿ζһֱൽθ
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ַ羫Ĺ۲£Щ΢ԪرյḶ́ɼַȻľͿЩ΢Ԫڷĸá
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ھĹע£˿ҺڵһһһҺʲôЧʲôӦһ۷
ַȻñҩԶԶԼҩֻԼµĶԼᣬ֪ʵҩԡ
ַܿ뵽˴˵еũϡ
˵ũٲݣΪʲôǸ˳ԣҪԼ׿Ʒũ֪ҩж֪ƷҩᶾԼ
ũ϶֪ũֻ֪Լ׿ƷҩŻʵʵʵ飬֪ζҩʵҩԡ
ַ绳ɣ˵еũӦҲֹ߱ۿϵͳڳ²ҩʱ򣬻۲ԼҩݵķӦӶȷҩʵҩԡ
˿Һ֮󣬻תΪһ΢ԪأӶѪҺоĹ̺ܾ壬ַ翴һΪַ粻ѧҽģھḶ́޷о
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ַûѧҽ˽ǳޣȻҩľãȫеԭ
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ҺЧѾȷǾ̣ȴҪнһʵ顣
˵ַļ磬Ϊ͵ԭ򣬷ǳʺֲɽǲǰʱ򣬼Ҽһǳ֡
ֻЩ÷չˣ˿ϳ룬Ѿû˳裬̻ߴȥˡ
ַүүǳ֣СʱַүүѧֳգȻЩˣļգȴûǵġ
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ϻ𣬽ȣַ翪ʼ衣
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·ԣôЩ蹤ǲҲԱս֮У
սҪʵ绺ܹ࣬սнвҶĳʵ飬ɻʡ顣
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սر𣬷ǽսƷᱻսԶսֻ֮ҪĬƷƵƷͻսг֡


166 
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ף
ڳƲҶĹУַַսһܡ
ַ緢֣սеʱ˻֮⣬мٵǾֲ١
ڳƲҶʱ򣬿ԼٲҶķӦ̣Խʱһٱ
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ȻʵϲûôţϾӦʱǲһģӦʱԼ٣̾Ͳܼˣֻ̣ܰʱ䣬һһֽС
ˣֲٵʱ䣬ǰַĴæ̵ַʱһβҶĳơ
һٱļ٣ټһٱĻɵĽڶ̶̵Сʱڣַսڽٴεĳʵ飬ڳɹҵܹа˿ҩĳ跽
ַսƣ̾һ
Ȼʵֻ֮ǹСʱսȴѾСʱٸСʱϵĳַ̣ȷۣľȴˡ
ַ˲Ͼƣϥýڤ״̬ڤܹΪҲָܹġ

ڶ죬ַȥƽС
ӽܣпճȱ𣿡ַӽܴ˵绰
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˵绰ַȥ鱦
鱦ķԱַǳϤֱַȥ˶¥Ƶİ칫ҡ
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칫ҵɳһλŮһλַ꣬һ˶Ŀַ硣
ַ˵ĿóַǵĽ¹ϵܰ
λŮ꣬Ƶĵܵܺá
пڰҵַ糯ɨһۣЦ˵
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ָá
ָá
سɶַЦЦòĴ˸к
ǺãɣôûѧŶԣǸ÷ż˰ɡַһԴȻ˵
ƶַǸ˵ҵܵڣѾӦһ緹ˣ˼
ǺǣûϵַЦֻ֮˵ҪɣسҪǲĻͣô
⣬˼أƳŵܵÿȥ
سԵЩ󣬵⳯ŽЦ˵㣬ɡ
ȻܵûһͷЦ˵ǾָͰɣеǮ
㰡ҿġַһЦ˵ûʲôµĻھȥɣǷ㣬̫˿ûʲôλá
߰ɡЦһͷ
߳鱦ַı۳
ʲôַָͣЦ˵
㣬ҪȥԿѼɣ˵˵ѼĿˮˡ
ֻСèֵϹ㸣¥ĿѼ˰ɣЦ˵
㸣¥Ѽζܺó𣿡ַɻʵ㸣¥ַ绹û˵
㸣¥רžӪ˵Ĳ˹ݣǵƿѼζأϲǵļҵĿѼˡЦŽ͵
УȻϲǾȥ㸣¥ԿѼַͷЦ
㸣¥ĲƷζж֮ټֵ˷ʱΣ㸣¥ǳ𱬣Ҫ磬Ҳĵطء
º󣬸ԵԼϲĲȣûҪ͵˹㸣¥ƲˣƿѼ
㸣¥Ȼ󣬵еļƲ˵ȷζһַԹ㸣¥֭ر⡣
һٷճԵļãַ뻭س֮ҲϤѾղôİˡ
黹治һҵĿѼһǳԵöˡ߳㸣¥ַЦ˵
ǵȻҲ˭顣ԴֻС
˵Ц߳㸣¥ʱ򣬶תǴȻѪˣ˵һŴ󿳵Ļ׷ɱ
ֱܣ
ǣ
ǣ
Źǣɱ
ܵѪԵ˲ᣬոֽܳǣһӾ͵
磬Ҳˣߡص꣬ĶԴ˵
УֵܣҲģҪһߡæ𵹵ص꣬һǰߡ
ôһ׷ǰһѾӵ˹
һ˴ıϣƺһٵڶԷؿϿһڶԷĲҽУһŽԷ߷
翴ͣʵҲǿ֮ĩټ϶Էֶ࣬׷ɱӲ˶ˡ
Ļ׷źųֵܻӵ˹
ֵȻˣҲûִе뷨ҲеĿͳĻ죬Կ
˳ֵ˲䣬ַ͸оǵλãѪȵĳ滹ǲҪúӿĺãַæִ˹㸣¥
ָ磬ǰô°سЩ²ʵ
ǰȺڴܣͦΣյģǴˣٳȥַ˵
ŶسŶһȴ쳤˲ӣ͸ĳ⿴ȥ
ͷ˵Ϸ룬ڵӵӰϾʵУسȴ״ΪкӣЩ黹Ƿǳ棬ҲǳĸȤ
ףԭַһȴû뵽֮һԼйһ֮Եˡ
ַ绹ǵ˵֣СС̱ײˣַ翪͵ҽԺַСЩӡġ
Сֵ滥ౣƴַһһ뷨Ȼֳ
áַﰵ˵һ䡣
ַͷǸĶ˵˼仰ƵͷƿųС˹ȥ
ôһȺΧſС֪ԼֵܣҪˡ
죬һģС£ҲΨһźľǣԼֵ֮ûҲ̵֪꣬Ҫôȹˡ
Ȼ֪СҲûзϣҾ㲻ܻˣҲܱЩһɱһ׬һɱ׬һ˫
ɱ
˫źţ׺ݵĻӶеĿŶԷ˹ȥ
ʱһѿСĲӺ˹ҪһҪǿʵˣСɡ
СͫһѾоһ糯ŲӴܣѾˡ
һҽдӵĻ챻ַһ˳ȥǰѿСӵĿҲΪ챻߿˴СϷƫ˹ȥ
Сź֪ĳһ
ַ߳һ֮һĿٶһȭҳһţÿһÿһʽܻһ죬ȵַͣ¶ʱΧѾûһܹվŵĻˡ


167 
СֵܣˣǳҲˡ
سʲôʱĸ֣䣬㶵˵㣬ģ
һ죬ɬʲô򰡣˵
ЦһЦе˵㣬ˣֲϹӣѵǽǹϵôã
õһ£û˵Ϲ˵ַҵĺһλѣԴʲôء
ţֹ鲻Ǵ鷢չġ
⣬ڶŵַ֮ɵƣԷСֵ˵ܲ·
Уû⡣СӲĽһŵܸܵով˫һֵȥ
̫Ѫ࣬壬վܹվġ
ַ糯ֵܿһۣСʶѣһѾ֮С
ַӸµʵǵ𣿡
Сһϸַ翴ȥһˣⲻǵȥҽԺ
СѾǵַʲôֻǵý
Сȷʵ
ǵҡ
ַһͷٵʵֵ̫ʱѾˣҳ˵⡣
СԼҲֵϵƣҪٵõҽο϶·һֻǶַڵΪȴҲǳ죬㶼֪ǿˣǾ͸ϽȥҽԺô£
ȻԴӿַ֪֮ʲô֣ԸֵĹ񱣬ҲֻܹԹԵ˵
С˵˵
ַĵһ⣺
Сûκԥ̴
ַĵڶǣΪʲô׷ɱ
ЩӣСǾ˵Ϊ̣ҰϴˣϴʮҪǵ
ַһͷʳһ⣺Ҫ˰£ԸԸ⡣
Сһ㶣û뵽ַʵ⣬Сһͷԥ˵û⣬ֻҪǻţֵˡ
⻰˵ĺнҲ˵ĺܶԣֻлţģҲǺҪַҪǵһ
Ǹˡ
ַﰵһڿڴһ£óƿҩˮ˹ȥ
õģֵһ˺һƿ
Сӹҩˮ˵һھȥһƿҩˮѵܵܵ˿ҩˮǿй˽ȥ
ȰѵܵܵҩˮȥСɫһ䣬ѾоڵҩˮڷЧˣʹڼᡣ
ʱַѾѱۿ˹
ַҡ³ŷСеϳ
ǡС͵͵ľһԵĵܵܣ鸡Ľ뱼ۺ
ˡַ˵һ˱۳
ǿϢһᣬ˵طٽ㡣ַ˵
ллСһлɳ֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãͣ£˯ŵСַѡ
طˣɡ
СԺ۾͸ķԼһſڡ
ɡ
ŶõġСӦһŵܵСһۣСĺѾƽϵ˿ҲѪǿʼ̡
СԼϣԼϵ˿ҲѾˡ
ҩСǳ졣
СҡҡССüüͷԺҲ˹
磬СЩãʵ
ûǱ˾ˡ
Ǳ˾ˣôܱ˾ˡˣһλ־ǡ
Сˣ֮ǰһرĸ֣ȭżͰΧֵĻ춼ڵأѵλ־ǣ
СĽҲ֤ʵСĲ²⣬ȷλǡ
³ɣõˡС˵ţ³
ַڳƬ̣С³ʹͷ߽
Ȼûסÿ춼мԱǰɨԱĿǷǳʵġ
ַɳָŶ˵ɡ
ллССлһɳ
оôû˰ɣַʵ
ҩ̫ˣȹҩѾûˡ廹ЩƵȷûˡ
ţ˿ӦûˣʧȥѪǶʱڲģҪúþ졣
ǣллġСϽ˵
ϸ˵˵ǵɣͷ˵Ҫ滰
ǡСӦһ˵
ССֵܣǸĸ͹ˣǸһ𳤴ġ
ΪͥԭССûҵڽֵϻֵΪҴƴּΪڽϺܿͻͷڵСС磬û˭ʶġ
ֵҲ˴һ֣ռһ֣ձѺ͸˿׬Ǯҡ
ǲ֮ǰһȴ˴ʣֵҲܵۡ
һĴֱֻͷܡ߻ᣬ
ֻͷȺһ군ӭһδϴƣʣµĳ߻Ϊռ̷׷״֣Сĵ̣Ҳܵ˶
˵СĽֵԭҲǿͷŵģͷһСҲ͵ʧȥ˿ɽʱֵܷͨ뺣ҪǽֵĿȨ
СȻϣգðմɱϴ󣬵ǿϧûгɹֻǴѣŭ׷ɱˣ˺顣
ӵͦģƾ˾͸ȥɱԷϴ󣿡ַһͷƽ˵
ش飬һȥɱģֻϧûɹСɫɻ˵
ɹˣôɱǵϴΪ»Ź㣬ҪﶷϴλãһҪ飬ҲǰһɱַЦ˵СȣܵСӾͼһЩ
⡭Һ㣬硣СײʱҲؽ
ɵˣǿֵܡССļ򣬲˵
ʲô㡣ַʵ
СЦ˵ԭǴȥģֵġ
ҲġСҲǸϽ˵
ˣһҵ£ǾҲûл˳ˡַ֣ص˵
û⡣Сԥĵ˵ͷ
ҲһС˿磬Ҳŵ˵ͷ
Ǻã˵Ҫϸϸܣ˵ܵʱҲǵڡ
ַô˵С˶˶ߣࡣ
ҵЩأ˵ǿ԰ҵָ֡
СҲԵҲܽȱΪ£ԾҪΪҵ¡
ҵ£ֻһҪ󣬾ǶҾԵҳϣһǱңǾͻȥ
ȻҲǳԿģҪʲôҾͿԸʲôƸȨ书ҶǵҪ󡣡
ַ翴һۣЦЦ˵ص㣺Ϊ˱֤ǵҳϣҪǩЭ飬ҪмǣⲻһͨЭ飬һԼһΥԼݣ̾ͻĹĺܲҡ
䣿



168 ж
ַڲ輸Ͽٸ輸̶ѾϵԾᡣ
һĻС˶ɵˡ
ʲôħ
ַȻҲע⵽˵ı仯ﰵһЦĽžչ
ԾѾϣݻһƬհףȴַдҪ
ַóעħѪҺĸֱʣžϣˢˢˢдݡ
ǿɣûĻǩַ֡罫͸ֱʵ˹ȥҸǩֵĵط
С˽ŵĽԼϸĿ
С˵ԼݣҪ֮ǰļԼҪϿ࣬ЧûƣȥԼһֱЧ
ԼݺûһƵġһǩԼ˵СַУǽʧȥɣʧȥԼѡַֻܶΨǴӡ
Լݺܼ򵥣ܼ̣ҲϿᡣ
һҪԼ
СĿԼŸֱʵ֣΢΢
ַҲ˵Сʱпǡ
СԥСøС˵еľᣬֱʵǩԼܵõʲô
С뷨ܼ򵥣ǮҰ£ܸ㹻ı꣬ҾΪ
ҪʲôҶԸ㣬ҪǣҿԸ޷ΨһҪ󣬾ǱЧҡ
ȻҲԱңֻͽһջһȨʹ裬ڡַЦЦĺᡣ
硣СһͷСе
šС¶˾֣Լǩ֡
Сĳһеĸֱʣ˵ܵܵС
Сӹֱʣԥھǩ֡
ַӹ͸ֱʣҲھǩ֣Ҽᡣ
ھᱻ֮󣬾зɳ⣬ֱСַˣһһû˵ĶͷС
Сһ˹龰ַ˵ǣѾȫˡ
編ƣַһžǩ֣ἤҲɳ⣬ֱַСڡ
ԾϿ˵ѾַС
ַһЦܺãΪЧҵĻرҪʹǳԽͨ˵ǿ
ַ糯Ų輸һ֣輸϶ʱСҩˮ
ǻҩˮǵĴԱøҩˮǵǿ׳ҩˮǵǿ󡣡
ΪǸոܹˣԱҩˮʼãȻǻҩˮҩˮ
ַֽҩˮķ÷ϸ˵һ顣
СѾý㹻Ծ˵ҩˮЧ֮Ǵһ
ôҲ벻ƻõӰеڣȻҲĳʵС
ַ翴ֱͷ˵ⶰһסƽʱûģǿĵķҩˮҪȥһˣԼעһ㡣
ǣССϽ˵
Ϊʱ̫ȵַ絽˲¥ʱ򣬻˶ʮӡ
ַӽܸϽվ
˼õˡַЦ
ûУˡӽ˵
˵ЩˣɡַԹԵԼһ裬ĺһڡ
ôַʵ
ãϴεİӣ¶һͷҰ䷢ļν˵ϴƻͷܵİӣӽܿЦ
ţͺãΪٸƻһ׮ӡַ˵
ʲôӣӽܺʵ
ַ絭ȻһЦ˵ϼŰܡٰ
ϼŰܡٰⰸʲôʱģӽɻϼŷٰôû˵ӡ
û˵ӣҲΪ׮ҪŻַᷢɵ˵
ŻᷢյʲôϢ𣿡ӽһ𣬽ŵʵ
ҪҪ鱦ƻӣǴһ
뵽Ҫӽͷһȣ˷
𼱣Ұѻ˵ɡ
̵ַ˵ģϼŵϤǴҵ⣬˷ǳᣬϤһĽѵ
ʱϤᱻ˰ܣϤְȨ׵ϼڱе鱦꣬ʣµưˣһṩܹƻٰġ
ӽһû뵽ַеٰȻԼµİӣַĵӾȻ֮
ˣַĵԭͺܴģֻͷܵĸͿԿó
ôӽһ֣ص˵
ҵļƻǡַ罫Լļƻ˵˳
ӽ˵ͷеһЩָ֮˳Ҹַθ
ܺáӽĸַǳ⡣
ַӽܳһǺͨͨڶҲǽ۹⣬Լļƻ
ӽȻַǳţƻеĺܶؼ֮ǳķ˼ӽܵļƻʧܣǵ˵ỹ̫ðһЩҪѵϤĻʵкܶ෽ģûҪðա
İɣҶ÷ִģûκΣգ͵ưɡַŵ˵
⡭ðɡӽȻЩǣȴҲַֻˡ
Ӳ¥ַԿ˵绰һӵӣַŹ˵绰
ַԭȥԿģֻҪ㲻ˡ
ȵַصʱССѾɳϵˡ


ַվ
ţɣҩˮ˰ɡַɨһۣǳ϶˵
ţȹˣ˵ģЧǳСѾʶҩˮǿЧᵽַͣԭһͱ⣬صĸַˡ
ҩˮֻһָãҪǿɺ;飬ȱһɣǽҪúѧϰ񶷼ɡַ˵
ǣС̹˵
ַ翴ˣЦ˵ֵǵϻģϵ飬ҲϤйصϵҾͽˡ
Сϲ˵лл࣬һΪһҵ񡣡
Ǵˣһ㣬ҺϲַָˣЦ˵
ˡССĵЦ
ˣ˵˵¡
ַɫһ˵ƽǿ󵰸⣬ǵ̫ǿ϶ǳԲµģôڵĿǴӺ֣Ѻĵ̴
Ŀǰһһǳ߻ᣬȵĿ꣬ǰᣬŪ
ַ˵С˷ܵĽе˵ɣ˵ôǾôǲֱɱȥ𡣡
СǳԼڵжô޴ڵԸʮ׳׾١
ԼټϸСİƾˣ㹻ɨˡ
СĽ鲻ȥɣҺʬַЦ˵
СڨڨЦЦ˵ġ
СȻ嶯һ㣬ֲɵľһȥԸᣬȥʲô
СҲóֻǿЦûСһ


169 Ļ
ҹұ
һһһãڵĳ
ܵܺõķżٹԭļȻ
֣鼦ȸ㡣
裬ֻġ
㣬ͳԼɣӲһ㣬˫˫ɡ
Ϊһ˼һ鼦⣬мʱ򣬻лζ
ʲô˫˫ɣСѾͷôϽ޳ȥƲĺһۡ
㣬ҲΪãЦ˵
Ͽһ˺ģҲЦ˵ԷɣСķˡ
ĸ־ȽϹŮ£뵽ŮʮˣѶûһ̲ס˵ưҲϴСˣԼҪһµģϴθ͵С֣ͦõһ˲ţǼҲŵԣС֣ҲһôҲӦźദദ
ĸ˵ƾͷҲ֪ԼͲСˣҲ֪Ҫ裬Ҳͷҽܶ󰡣ֲǼ޲ȥ
裬ֲǼ޲Ͼͱ˰ɡСֹ
Ůܲ𣡡ĸ־̾һ
ŹֵĿ۽㣬ѿڶ㣬㲻𣬻û
Ѿˣƣô˵־ʵ
裡
ƽһͱϣƻشĸ־⣬ʵ˵˵ô£Ƶˣ
ѾԾˣŽͷ㣬ǲ˵ʲô˵Ļ
ʱ򣬵ܵسͻȻ˵ָģҪҽĻҾ˫޳ɡ
˵־ˣسɣҲѵģʲôʱģôʲôġ
ʱģָǳԷָͦ˧ģǱsӦͦǮġˣָ书ģȭžͰһȺĻſˡ˵书سɶʱüɫ
ϰŶһʱ̲ס˵ˣָ磿ǽַɣ˵ϴε鱦ЭۻᣬƾʹַȥģưҪǸоˣʹ
ŮĻ£ҲǷǳĵģŮˣʲô鶼ȥܣϸϣŮֱӰ鴦ãһֱϢ
ðһ֪ˣҲ֪־˵
裬ѡƿЦȴͻȻһһͷ͵ð˳ҪַƺҲͦõġ
ַ磬˵ϰ飬Ǻøлеģַѣ⡣
뷨һðԼҲһ
˵ǣҵʱʱ򣿲УøϽ־ż˵
ŮĻ£ͷһ̰̰εԲ˯㣬Ҫǣ̫ˣŮʮˣû޶Ȧ̫ˡ
Է쭵ĸףһЦҲˡ

ƽУ߾ưſڡ
ھưɵĶһڣСָų߾ư˵ϰ壬ǰǳ߻ܲˡ
ƺַϲ˽ϰ壬ϰҲַ֮ǰһԸҲʵ˰ɡ
ַһ֮С̸ĿڣƺַΪϰ塣
ַ˵֪ô˰ɣ
֪ϰ塣
ţ¶ָɾһ㣬ҲҪɱˣҪһ֣𡯡ַ˵ųΧɨһۣûע⣬һţ˳žư˽ȥ
ַ˶ͷֳִ󿳵һ³ưſСܵע⡣
СһԽе磬ҳӣſڡ
˵֮ſڵļСܾȻҲ£ӹ̨һСܣͳ˳˹ȥ
СͺһϮİȻһ˶Էؿϣһ߳ڶԷĲҽУ߷˳ȥ
ʣµСܣû뵽Էֻô΢΢һɵʱСųٵͿ
Ͳַ֣ССǰ濪·׵ľͰѿŵСܽˡ
һưɣʹ̶ַĿһɨѾӵʮ켷Ⱥ˳ЩϣͬŴ󿳵
ɱСһȳȥСµܵҲǽ
ССȻûѧͳգڵϻô꣬ܶŹӵ˵ַȴǷǳ죬ҩˮǿЧڵͷӦԸЩͨĻҲһһĽ
СС˳֣һȺѾǾǶ֣ټַҲӵƬ̹˾Ͱѻǿڵء
ʱĳ߾ưɣһƬңưŮŮǣȿֺȥ
߻ϴнưüͷһ壬ȵôµģԼĵ̿ҲŪôĶǵ鷳డ
ΪΪ˿˲ġ
ϴȥϴ󷢻׵һ󺺵˵
΢΢һͷתȥ
ߺһӣڰһͷϸɫ
ʱźһ±߿ͷֳֿļһ˽
˼˾ͿʵǿľˣڵˣƬ̼ͱ˿ڵء
һΣû֣Ȼ˷ڵˣֻܵƤˣ
ǡ˭ؿڱһڱСһŲڵ϶ã˵ʵԾ쳣ʲôʱƽеָˣһ־ˡ
Ǯƣ֣ǵͲôˡַɳɤ˵ǡÿ÷
ַڽһţɳƵ˵ֻǸһСѵ´λҺ̣Ҫǵ
ߡַһ֣СС󣬴ȥ
ȵһߣļ̴
ģ˰ɣԲܷŹǡ
ԣܷŹǣһҪǡ
ϴô˵
ϴôˣϴ󣿡
ҡҡͷһ˿ͣͻȻеģ϶Ļ쵰ģֵܣȥ
ԣ϶Ҳֻں̡
ģ϶ģϴ󣬷ɡ
ãֵǣ˰ɣȥ
Ȼ̣ҲȽϿƵģǾôһ֣ЩСͷĿȫͷԷűټϴҲͬǵıǵȻҪˡ
ܷŹľȻ˵
û˿ڽ󣬻վһŮӡ
飬
ѾĴ߿¡
ϣ߻ƴϴ󣬶ǳ⡯ڻƴУλеʣµСͷĿȨһƬҡ
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170 ٰ
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ַ֮ǰĴ߶ûͨˣȻֵڻڼҹķֵܣ̾ʧȥЧá
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һ䶯ԵĴ󰸣ʹ˷


171 䶯
ϱٰĵһʱ䣬ƽеľ֮˺䶯Чȫо̱Ա޵׷ɷ
賿2㣬ƽУ֡
ֳɨڳһۣƣ˵С֣һɡ
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С֣Ӧһ򿪻õʼܡ
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ϤĿڹ鱦ڴ˴εĽٰУʧĲǧҡ
ڳľ춼һǧңһˡ
üͷ˵Ƕ֪ˣҸ㼺˵˵ԼĿɡ
￪ģоֵͷͷԣ˭Ҳͷ࣬Ƕףʱ˵࿴Ҫģ˵˵Լûкô
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ȨζศɵģȻ뵱鳤ûа취ΪľֳôشİӣԵΣ鳤Ҳǲܵġ
ȻһưôĹҲڵģպͻǶԵȵġ
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ˣ˵ЩϻˣȾƳԲˡַЦ
ԲƣҾϰһСϽ˵
ڲ飬·ʲôҲûзһ
ССǱʼֵڵ鱦ҲǷǳۺ죬Ǵˣ֪ʲôãʲôãǱ鱦̫֣ҲģҲֻϰִ鱦
ϰֶΣСѾͶأҲûжˡ
ɳԷʱԶڸ۵ϼ壬ȴڱ֮С
ϼʵۺ鱦ҵңֽڸ۵Ӱǳ
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Щŵı⻹ǳ˼ʲôųҡʲôѷڲްϽ١ȵȡ
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Ϥ֣һҹ֮ͼˡ
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ܰɣҾĿԱȽϴӦòǱġϺҡҡͷӽܵ뷨֧֡
İ참飬ٴ󰸶Ǳģо仰Ӳѱ߲ݣٷ˾һҲԼļ硣
ڲûԿɡӽֵܼ
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뷨ģҺһȥӽ˵
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˵ԺİɳԱʼ飬ЩԱеϵģҲ׳Ƶİס
ݰϣԺ׵ĶЩԱ顣
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ӽ֪ܶٷ˵Ĳ֮أġ
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Сʱ֮̽ƽоٿ˼дᣬ鱦᰸ϸںưֳӽܱص֡
һ䶯ԵİӣԺ䶯Եķʽٴνʱ11Сʱ

ַ§ԿڿŵӣССһɳ㡣
̨߱鱦ٰƣץУɷУϸ
˶û˵Ŀš
ԽٰıС͵͵ĸ첲Ÿ缷üŪۡ
СŵܵЦЦַָָָָӣʾš
СЦŵͷۿš
ȻʲôûõҰѼֵڵ鱦˻ȥܹôİӣټϼŪڹ֮䣬һɳɾ͸˵Ȼ
ȵŷ꣬Կһп˵ƽеΰԽԽˣС͵ر࣬Сͱ͵ǮҺǮûйƷû˼ٿǮ
ǰΰͦģŵʱҲСĵ㣬ٳšַ˵
ţûϵأҲǡԿЦԿҲȹǿҩˮȻûѧɣǵƾͷӦԸ󺺣ҲһⶼûеģοַѾ¸Կһ㹻İȫ
ͺãˣĻ꿪ĳﱸôˣ׼ʲôʱҵַԼΪԿµĻꡣ
װأװʦ˵Ҫ²ܺá˵ԼĻ꣬ԿĵЦ
ˣСѾǵ鱦Ĺˣҡ
ͦãҲôࡣַЦ
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һ뵽ŮľѾ뿪ѩһᣬѾۡ


173 ѩ
ѩĵȷַϣû뵽ѩΪ˼һŮĹ
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ȥ鷿ǿӰɡ
ţ֪ˡԿͷ˵
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ѩʱ
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Ҳ֪ŮܵҪԣȻ֪ġ
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ѩַҪҲǳһû뵽ַҪ
ѩַһ˽ҲûУóóȻľҪΪʮ꣬ȻǲԸġ
ѩüͷ˵ҲԸأΪ˱ܣɱң
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ַ΢Ц˵㿴ҪԼأҪɢ
ѩһ˿壬ȻַЦģȴҰַĻЦ
ͷڳѩֳŮȥһԵСĵͷʾС̴Ӧ
ʵϣ³ѩ⣬ģΪ֪Сọ́С̲ܹϰ壬ԺҲͿԾС̼棬һˡ
ĳѩ˵С̣ɣܿģϰ嶼Һͱ죬ҪͿ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵ڹ˾ĲͰϰɣҲῪһЩ
⡭Ůģѩˡ
ѩ˼꣬˿˵һ𳤴ģȻǽŮʵԼò࣬ѩǷǳ۰ġ
ǰԼûչ˺ǲǸӦչ˺
ѩһӦַҪ󣬶ڹʲôģʵ⣬ҪܹܹŮ
ѩſڣͻȻһʵȻܾĹ꣬ѹôܲƻ˵Ĳ֢
ַһͷ˵󲿷ֲ֢ԣţ˵ٷְٰɣٷ֮ʮŻûģô˲ˣǰѪǰ֢
ͨĲ֢ҲͲʵˣ϶ǳѩļ˻˾֢
Ѫ֢ûôأҲ֪ʲô֢ڼ֮ǰҸͻȻˣڻҽԺԲѣҽҲ鲻Ҹ׾ǵʲô֢Ǵļҽ˵Ҹ׿ѪҺжǾʲôͲ鲻ѩַ֪ôѪͰ֢ģҲûж룬Ͱ˵һ顣
жҿȥһԣҲұ֤һܹκáȻַԼβаٷ֮ٵģû֮ǰȴҲ˵̫ԲˣһβãǾ̫ˡ
ãܳɹҶͬΪ㹤֮벻Һļ档
áַͷӦ
ַ˵С̵飬֪ѩƷԲھ̣֪֪׵˲ţǲŹˣڳѩӦַҲǷǳϲ
һҵ˵߲ԱǷǳҪģַȷԻǮƸְҵƸְҵ϶ûôãֵΡ
ɣȻ𣬽סһǾȥ㸸סַ˵


174 
۵ܼұ
ϼļҪ˶ص۵ϤҲ˹
׵ܻϤһۣ˵˵˵ɣ澿ʲô£
ڵĴ󲮣ϤǷǳηģ󲮷ʣϤһ£ֻܶµ˵󲮣ҾȥгûʲôԲܼҵ鰡
ܻһӣŭ˵㵱Ϲ𣿷ֵܱ֫˾鱦һգͽǹɱˣ鱦һٵĶ˻ôԵľ棬һ֪𣿡
ܻܵһ֮ȻĹ֮֮ǰûйעϤ㻹ˣֵǷܼ꣬˵棬ȻҲ͹עҿеɵ㡣
ܻ֪ķֵܿڼҸ֣Ȼżĸ֣֮ͨҲ޵еĴڣֵܹܶ֫ͨµİ
ܻɵӣ֪ӣ򵥡
󲮣ûʲô鰡Ϥҡҡͷ벻ʲôֵĵطϽٷ˰ɣҲֵܹͷϰ
ܻһŭ˵ֵܹͨԸӿ϶ǸΪ˵ǲƽеʲôˣ
֣ûаûе˰Ϥеһ䡣
Ϥĵģ˶ЩĻˡ
ϾԼĶӣܻ廹ά˵磬ϤҲ֪ô֪صĵ˵ģǲڴϼŵע⣿
ܻҲԼŭ˼˵ҲųܣǶԷֻƽеķֵ궯֣϶ǳƽϡ
ܻٴʵϤϸ룬ǲǵʲôˣϼŲô۸ģҪ۸ǵͷϣҪѪĴۡ
Ϥϸ뻹ҡҡͷ벻Լʲôʱˡ
ȻϤȥƽΪҵȻܣҲ֪ȻַйϵϤַ飬οԼûԸַأַͲ֪ԼҪԸ
ܻЦһ£˵ϤȻǿгҺܺ棬ôö˶˵ܵƽȥˣҪгҲӦȥһ߳У纼Уȥһƽɣ
Ϥһһ亹ܿöͷֻǿ˵󲮣ƽҲƣӶ߳𣬸ڻչ
⻰˵ϤԼŰ
ܻЦȴ̾һ˵ܣǶһˣʲôҪҴأô˿Ц𣿡
ܻɫһ䣬˵磬⻰ʲô˼
ܻЦҲûʲô˼Ҿ˵ƽ˴ĳȻ飬Ҳ֪ϢǼ١
ܻ常ӵɫʱøѿ
ܣһξˣ´£࿼ǿǼ棬ţˣϴɭŵĺܻ𣿡ܻЦʵ
ûУġֻܻ֪ǿŭӲĴӦ
ȻܻϼŵĵˣֵҲռй˾СĹɷݣһЩشϣҲӵзȨģڽᣬܻɵľͰϴεľ飬ͨˡ
ܻһ˵˵˵ƽеɣܼƽг˿¾ԲˣķֵܵĳǷǱɡ
ܻ׵һ˵űȥһƽУô㿴Ű졣
űվͷ˵İɸףҲ鵽жֽŵĻһġ
ͺáֿܻһԵһλˣ˵֣һοҪԴӴһˡ
һһͷ˵ҲãҶӵĳ𣬾ȥ

һɻƽеʱַѾͳѩϵ̨Уѩĸ׾̨ҽԺ
裬ְôˡѩʵ
ѩĸ׽лףŮһӣѩСŮʮʱµĳѩΪŮСŮѩҲر۰
ѩĽȻҡҡͷӣһõļûС
Ĳϣһݵˣ˵ϲһɫİߵ㣬ŷǳˡ
λгºǳѩĸףҲ⹫
裬Ҵһλѹְֿѩ˵
ѣ׺Ŀ˹ŮʲôʱҽˣֻǵַʱȴʧҪַ̫һЩ˭֪ԽԽḻҽҲԽãַͣܿĺʲô
˵ˣɷĲ鲻ʲô岡ԺҲ޲ߣƾСͿκãܰ
ȻﲻţȻŮѣҲþܾ԰ɣû׼Ч
뵽׵˵ͷҪͬ
ʱһһ˽
磬ɩѩͷһǴɩˣڴк
šһΪײԭ򣬱ࡣ
ѩˡɩЦŴк
裬ûкһ㡣ʵ
ûУһɫҲûСĸҡҡͷ
˵裬ҪתԺ԰ɣǿȥϺǣȥ⣬ֶҪȹںöˣиϣԻơ
⡭ְʹˣֲã᲻ᾭܲס;ĸ׵ĵ˵
裬ҪԵģܱðɡҲְ֪𱼲Ŀ࣬ȥְ־ֻʣµһ·ˡ
磬ַ磬ְֿû׼Чġѩ˵
á´һַ磬ַ֡
ַƵĵһӡ̫ˣüͷһ壬ƽʵҽҽˡ
ַЦЦ˵̽ˣȷе˵ҲҽҵȷֶΣĸףԣҲˣҪǿõϲģһ˿벻ҡ
ַ˵ƽǿȴ˵ķǳ󣬳ҲַĿˣַãַģһַưְֵĲԼȴߣԼǳ˲Тӣ
ôƣʵȻϣ󣬿Ǹ׵Ĳ֢Ҳ޲ˣһԡ
Ҫȿһ
鷳ˡ˸ƣַͬ翴
ַߵԣָ˵ϣ֫ĽӴַ罫Լľ͸˵ڡ
ַ粢ҽļɣԽɰĶþ˵ڣӶ鿴˵Ĳ
ɨ˵壬˲ڲ鿴һЩ쳣Ķ
ףôֶַ羪һȻ˵ڷһأڹ½ϡ棬ַû뵽ڵϾȻҲء


175 ʯ
ַ磬Ұְôˡѩַüͷʵ
ַָתͷ˵ְһַǳأڿѹƶأǲȫء
غͨĶҩͬһֶҩԵʵʣĽⶾֶ޷صġ
ڹ½ҪַһʹΪȥڶߵȽⶾҩˮأʦʩչħⶾ
ַأǸصʲֽͬⶾҪҲǸвͬ
ַ˵ڲ鿴أַص˽⣬һƶȻ΢΢ȴǳĿǰַϣֻһȽⶾҩˮַƣһȽⶾҩˮֻѹϵĶأܳء
ַڿڴһ£ſڴڸǣӴռһƿⶾҩˮ
ƿҩˮιºȥַҩˮи˳ѩĸס
ĸιĿյʵҸеʲô
ַ˵㸸еĶټ㸸ڵĶԷӦҲ²㸸еӦһֿʯء
ʯأɻʵ
ַ룬͵䶾ض಻ʤǸﶾأ߶򼶾ЫӶȻǸֻѧʶأ˪綾ǿ֮⣬һǳټĶأֶӰΣԷֶ֣رǳ֮Ϊأ㸸еĿʯؾ֮һ
Ҳвٷ࣬أأ׶أأأ綾صȵȣºеأһڿʯ֮УַŻ˵ǿʯء
Ƴһû뵽ػôĽַֻ˵ͷͷǵʱҲַҽַҲӵ˼֡
Щŵʵ㿴Ҹ׵ĶôеģΪŶżȻж
ΪŶĻôƾҪ׼ˡ
ַ˵ҿΪŶĿԲطǳҲ˭žܷŵģ㸸ڵһƶشݷ״̬Ҫ˿ƶأöرĻ㸸ûˣҲ²⣬㸸ӦУӴֶؿʯӶж
ˣ˵ؿʯˣҸƽʱղʯİã᲻Ϊжģ
ܣ´ȥ㸸׵ʯƷܹҵصԴͷû׼ͿԽ㸸׵Ķءַͷ˵
ЧˡѩϲĽе
ַתͷһȻϵĺɫߵ㣬ڻʧֻʧһ֮󣬻֮һĺڰϡ
ҵҩˮѾѹס˶صıֶ̫ˣʱֻѹƣܳǷģʱûΣգһüоΡַ˵
ллѩл˵
һҪȾҼϳ°ĸ׻һӹϲ
·ˣİɣһᾡȫоεġַϽѻ׷
ַ˵ɣ²˳٣ȥϵʯƷѩͳ·տ
õģôϾߡƽһʹַȥԼҡ
˳¼֮󣬳ƴַȥ˳鷿ЩʯƷ鷿
鷿ǳŷһŵľͷӣҪƯʯ
Ҹʯˡƽܵ
ţҿַһͷڷ鿴˸ʯ
еأҩԴӦĳʯֻҪʯϻжصĲͶ㲻ַĸ֪
ȻַĿǰΪǲߣ֪Χޣֻܽһһ鿴
ףַͻȻһľϷһرʯͷ
ʯֻĴָСīɫʯϱ鲼һ˿˿ɫĻƣصǣЩɫƾȻԼγһġL֡
ʯ·һֽдšʯ֣ʯ֣Ӧǳȡˡ
ɫLȻɣǴȻĹ񹤣ʯ䣬ҲҲڶͬʯͷˣһһ޶ʯͷ
ʯҲڴˡ
ȻʯȻģأ˵һ޶ʯͷʯͷƾַͣע⡣
ַǣʯͷڲ
ʯڲһǿķϵħַһʯͷ͸оĲһ㡣
ַ罫ʯõϸϸ棬ҲԼϸĲ鿴ʯԡ
Ȼַĸоûдʯ֮ڵȷһǿķϵħǵķϵڷϵĺĴһŨԪء
ʯĹ͵õèʯ࣬ǺĴһԪأһԪأԪʯͷģԪʯͷڱ֡
ַڰʯƺʵʯͷüҸжԴͷ𣿡
ַȻҪõʯҲû뵽ҡҡͷ˵һ飬ֻʯͷи֣ҵַֽ磬ȤʯͷҺϲͲ֪ܸܲˣǮûġ
̫ˣȻϲˣȥͺãʲôǮǮģЩʯǼҸԼ;м񵽵ģֵǮˬ˵ַָβأôΪһ鲻ֵǮʯͷַ硣
ʯļֵղ߾ģϲͼֵǧ㲻ϲҲ·ߵһʯӡ
ƲϲʯȻҲ᲻ʯļֵ
ַҲƣ˵ллͰʯ
ջһʯַڷʯڴˣ᲻һ顰ʯȥأ
ڴ飬ַһȥǺܿϧʯֱ亱Уɲôϵġ
֣㸸׻ʯ𣿡ַ翴ƣɻʵ
ʯûаˣȵȣȥ㣬ҶԸ׵ʯ֪Ҳ࣬û׼ȥ˱ķ㣬ǼʮıķԳүӵȳƻ
Ҫ˵ʯĻү󲿷ֵʯ鷿һ꣬鷿ѾŲʯˣϰ¥һ䣬½һʯǸˡ˵
Ľ˵ЩΣԴӽӹܸ׵Ĺ˾֮ԼѾٲģȻҲ֪׵ʯѾŵַһȥˡ
Щ½һõʯͷ鷿ڵķ䡣
ȥ˸ڷ䣬Ȼڷ￴ľͷӣľͷѾʯ
ַľͷϣϸ鿴һʯٴַע⡣
ʯȭͷСһɫʯʯɽͻȻʯͷ˻һŽɫ̫Žɫ̫ʵһŻɫ͸ʯ
ʯֽֽͬдɽӡ
顰ɽӡϣַоүһطӦ
ҵˣʯͷַָɽ˵
ƾĿɽһۣʲô쳣ֵֻʵҸжԪףôҸھͿԽⶾ𣿡
ַϸĿɽӣȴź˵»УȻ㸸ΪʯͷеĶʯͷǶصԴͷֻմȾһ˿ضѣұҵʯͷĳҵĶԴͷ


176 Ѱʯ
֪ɽǴ𣿡ַʵ
ƿЦЩʯҸռģƽʱûйע治֪Щʯġ
룬˵ҿȥĸף֪׵ʯġ
ãȥҽԺɡַͷ˵һָɽӣ˵ʯҴˣֻẦǼˡ
õģõģллʯǴģưͲַʯء
ʯٴλصҽԺ
ڣַóǿʯɽӣָʯʵ·ˣ㿴ʯ֪ʯ𣿡
Ŷҿʯͷռģ˵Ϫҵģֻͷ֪ɽҵ֪һ㣬Ϊɽǽϰ򵽵ģʱҺͷһȥģڱӵģڱϣҲϲʯΪ￿ӣҵһЩʯ
ĵ绰ھ͸绰¹ؼͷӵϷ˲ҵ̸˵绰
ǻװģǰһɽӣ֪ɽģ¹ҼͷӵһҪʵʵ˵
úúãлл
˵绰Ϸ˵ӦȥˣҪھͶ𣿡
ɳ·ˣĵ绰ңһȥˣ飬ȥҲûáַ˵
ַҪĵ绰Ҳڵʱ䣬Լȥ˱ӡ
Ӿ̨в̫ԶַСʱ֮͵˱ӣ绰ϵַҲļ
νɽɽˮˮһʯḻвٱũڵռʯԳʯʯ׬Ǯ֮һ
к
ȻǳԺȫµС¥ҷװ޾£óⶰӣǮ
ҵѾ֪ˣǿھȥɽӵĳ𣿡ֱַʵ
Ϊѵ˵ģʯĳﻹһСʱĳ̣㿴ɫˣȥĻȵ˵ط춼ˣҪȥ
ַ翴գ߽ڣˣ˵ĵȷûҪˡ
ַǸ˵˼ˣͰ˵İ죬ȥ
ַ糯Ժ￴ȥԺﶼǸʯͷַһ᲻бʯͷأ
ЩʯɣҿԿ𣿡ַָԺʯ˵
˵Ȼԣ㾡㿴ҪǿĿʯͷͺ˵һ۸ЩʯռǮģȻԸַȥͲַܹʯͷܹǮʯͷء
ַ罫Ժʯ鿴һ飬ϧûַҪҵʯͷĴ£ȥ⼸Ҳ鿴һʯϧһ
ַЦҡҡͷԼ̫̰ˡ
˵ҲǣְԪصʯͷ亱Уôôء
ͷԣԼԺʯҰԼҷװ޸˲ٴĴ󷿼䣬˾סȻЩշѵģȴҲַ磬סˡ
ڣַɽӺʯ˳
ַȿ˿ɽʯʯϻһ˿صϢֻԻжΪʱӴʯͷԵʡ
ʯͷϻ΢ĶأȻǳʱӴĻǻܵˡ
ɽӵĶɽӦúͶԴʱĽӴӶմȾһ˿أҺֻմȾ˶ѣĻĶԴôԶԴҶԣͱˡ
ʯͷȻҲẦˣȵҵԴˣٰʯͷϵĶԴ
ڶʯͷʯˡ
ʯڲһǿķϵŷϵĺһصԪأԪܹΧķԪأӶתϵγһѭӶԴԴϵĲϵ
ʯĹ죬ַĲ鿴׾Ūˣ֪֮Ȼʯ;
ַ⣬ʯ;
һϵʯԴԴϵĲϵͺһħһ㣬߿õȥ
ȻΪʯֻзϵҲֻˣʯԵߣʯҲ޷
ͬģڷϵԵУʯһ䱦ıҿԳʹãһĴȥʯɴ˿ɼһߡ
ĵڶ;ս
ΪʯǿķϵЩϵҲս
սַܲ粻ַ֪ԼʯͷŷϵħһĵʯԼħһսԣܹħģҲһǳ顣
ʯڵķϵǿ󣬵սʱʯӣǺʹߵСйϵģʹԽǿʯķϵҲԽǿ
ǿҲƵģַ翴ʯӦûгħĳ̶ȣҲǴħʦʩ̶ȣȵַΪħʦ֮󣬲ܽʯʩչȵַΪħʿ֮ʯҲʧȥˡ
Ŀǰ˵ʯܹΪַṩ൱Ķ⹥ȻǰַҪѧϵħ
ʯ;Ҳһ;ҲֻǺ͵һ;ͬһ;ֻһΣʯҲͱϵˡ
ʯĺڲһصԪأϡԪؾַܹڤǼʮٶȡ
ʯڵԪػһɸ߶ԪأҪȿеԪظһʯڵԪأַΪ̻ڻ٣޷ˣֻһʯͷڲԪأʯҲ͵ˡ
ԪΪķֻʹһΣʹ֮ʯͷͻᱨϣЧδ֪
ַʯЩԥһɣã
õĻֻսΪַڤں϶ԪصطһķԪضЧʯƽʱУǰﲻġ
ַ翼ǰ죬ǰʯʯͷʵ̫̫ϡˣַ粻֪Լܲôɱϣʵ̫˷һЩ
ŰɣҪˣַôһ룬Ͱʯ˴ָ֮С
ڶһ磬ַ緿İţַѡ
һţַѾˣַ˯ʱԽԽ٣඼ڤЧ˯ˡ
УַսһϵħȻǺѾܹʯڵʩչϵħˡ
Թ緹ַԿǰɽӵĳ
СʱĵѾһɽ£ָɽ˵棬ȥɡ
Ĵ·£һСʱɽ·ַĶ･ٲĺ
ָŶе˵ˣ㿴ɽӣٲҵġ


177 嶾
ָŶе˵ˣ㿴ɽӣٲҵġ
ߵöҪǹȥַ翴ģЩԲ
ϢЦϲаǰɽǺɵģԽԽˡ
ϵ廹ܺأǽߵ̫ˡַЦ⻰û˵ַΪżʯͷ飬ɽʱߵ̫죬ϾʹˣַһɽЩԲˡ
Ϣһ£ҹȥַָٲ˵
ã㣬ҪǻʲôҪܺ˵һʯͷͷ˵
ָ㣬ַһС·Ŷٲȥ
ٲƺܽɾͺԶˣνɽ
ַѵС·˶ʮӣߵٲ¡
˵ɽٲһʯͷҵģַ糯ٲɨȥܿҵ˵ǿʯͷ
ַߵʯͷϣȻ˴ʯͷײһǳӣַɽӴӴռ˳ɽǳ˶ԱȣɽӵǳӵĴСֳǺϡ
ɽʯӦþǴ⴦ǳڳġ
ַ罫ǳӣֵͨĽӴ͸ȥ
ھ͸£ַоһ˿صϢصԴͷȻ
ַһϲӴռóͷǳӾַֻǿ£ͣ
ַһ˼оԼ˼·ˣصԴͷһڵµġ
ַ罫ͷ£ַŵʯͷϣȻַϣڴʯͷҲоصϢұϢҪŨ
صԴͷڵ£ڴʯͷ
ַ˺󼸲ΧƴʯͷΧתһȦʯͷʹٲԵˮֳ㣬Ҳ֣ɹŹֵǣʯͷΧһȦȻǹͺͺһƬݲѿ
ַԽĿ϶ԴԴͷڴʯͷΪܵصӰ죬ԴʯͷΧŻݲ
ʯͷȻøͷܴ󣬵ȴͨʯͷǳĲֻۣ˴ʯͷµɽʯڴʯͷȴûжϷֺ
ֵǮʯˣĶԭʯȴûϷֺν۲ʶˡ
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ַ룬һһžַС
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žһɳᣬ̺ϵħܹʵĵ棬ɳ
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ʯɰ֮󣬻ɫĹֻǱ֮һһɵĹɰϴת
ַһ֣ĻɫγŲݴԷȥû˲ݴ֮Уɫûݵ֮󣬲ݵɳתۼγһֱ׵ɳӡ
ַɰһ龧Ө͸Ļɫ걻ַ˳꾧Өͨ͸ǳƯﻹһֻչ̧ͷĺڼţ
ںһɾҵĶزҲַҪѰҵԴͷ
ַ罫͸֮У鿴ڵ
Ĺɺ֮ǰʯǳƣһ˿ͬ
ڣһڱ棬һڰڲ
أһԪء
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ַ벻ǣӿڳȥʯֹһ飬飬һ鱻ߣһշת䵽嶾ŵӵС
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嶾ΪǶڸ־綾Ҳޱȣµĵӵõʯ֮̾Ͳе쳣¸֮ԼʦǿжصʯͷʦӶ׷飬ղ鵽ٲϡ
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˴ѰҶʯһˣΪף˶Ѿǿɽĸ֣ǵµӣžΪ
˶һۣͷʩչ嶾ŵľȻַ翿
嶾ڹΪ嶾嶾ʹõ书书ֱЫβ֣צ˿ƣȭ
嶾ŵÿһ书ǳֻ֮书ҲǼҪͨϼѣͨ嶾ܹѧһ־㲻ˣܹ书ȫɾͨ嶾ŵʷϣҲǷëǡ
ѾǿɽΪ嶾Ҳһ֣ȻҲ޷ͨ书ʩչʽȴǲڻµġ
˿ַ磬ĵʩչ书صж֮ʱϢ
˶ҲǼΪȻַвͨ˶ѣǶʯ¹شǲһ˿޼䣬ַͨˣʹɱ֡
˵䣬˾ַѾףʱַӦ嶾ŵĸ֣һԾַɱ˹
嶾ŵĸһԲһʹȭһʹצĬĳַɱ˹
˶Ĭҳַʺؿɱȥ˵һУضɥ
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ֻǣܵٶҲ̫˰ɣϻṦ
ͬʱһһֺܲõԤУߵˡ


178 
ַ亹ʪˣû뵽ɽֻյĹһҪַС
ʵϣѾǲһˣҪǻˣͱ嶾ŵλֵնɱ
ַܹ֮ӹһ٣ľϵİͱ¡ħ䣬ͱ¡ħһ˲ƶַǿ˲ƶ˵Ϯɱ
ʮ⣬ַתĿˣͬʱһһžַУһ𣬻Ϊһΰסַ磬ǷᣬʦսһҪ㣬ǿܣԼ
ţϵħȳַУȵĶѸٵľۼ⣬ַһηȣ׹⳯ǰɱ˹ȥ
ַ粻֪ǰΪʲôҪɱԼѾ֣Ǿǲˡ
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˸䣬һӦһ㿪ǵٶȣ˿㿪ˣ˳ˣǱַ׼˸š
ǿĵĺ󱳣˲ϢĺѾһƬڣҽһ˹ȥ
Ȼڹһﵽ˿ɽ磬Ȼ已̥ǳܲסǿ׵繥ġ
ڼȷãڼҲһܴ㣬Եֵ͵Ĺһϣ½ĶͱȽˣɢ⣬ͺһȻĿһ㱣壬ҪǶֻɹ½ĶսʿεȵͭսַһħҲһöԷʧȥս
Ĳ״һҲ֪ڵͷݲ
һأַȥʮ׵ľ뼸գۼڼҸֵٶȣҪȶսʿࡣ
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˲䣬ַȻģѾʮ֮⡣
ַ̧ȣȵĶѸٵľۼ׵磬ħַѾǳֻҪһӵʱͿͷһס
һӵʱԲɵĶڼҸ˵һӵʱҲ㹻о쳣ԼӦ
ڵٴϮʱǰӣǵ߷˹ȥһأٴγַ
Եٶȣһ׼ûжܵĿܣһȴԶ㿪ĹǾǰܡ
ͺӵӵٶȸԶܣָڿ۶ӵиʱģָ˿֪ʱڿ۶˲ƶ壬ӶӵĹǲǶ㿪ӵǶ㿪˿۶İ
ڵҲַ緢磬Ƕģ絽һǳ̵ʱַ緢ʱԤܣͶ㿪ַĹ
˵ѣһ㣬˵ľǳḻǳǿĻ֪Ҳܲġ
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˵䣬ٴԾ˹һһһƬϸţëĸͳַ˹
һƬ껹֮·⣬Ȼιо綾
һֵȷַ⣬һƬļ죬ַӦʱ䶼һƬʹַǰĻϡ
ַǰķܱ˳Ƭٸ붼˷֮Уɼǳ֮
ǰе赲һƬͿҪַС
һָľٴΣǿһָ뻯Ϊģû뵽صľҲԷȥ
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֮׷ϣַ类뾪˲䣬Ѿַǰ
ַȻĿŶԷķϵһתۼȳɣַĻܻЩĵģڶԷ˻֮ǰԼܹҪ˶Է
ʱ׾Ѹٱڣָ£·Ыβһ㳯ַѸٴ嶾ŵľЫβ֣Ыβóƽ⻤
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ַû뵽ԷĹǿ󣬾Ȼܹת˲ƽ⻤ܣʱ׸ոϣַͷɱ˶ԷǶԷһצ϶ҲַԴϣĽֿͬھ
ͬھޣΡ
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Ȼ˲ƶҲ޵еģҲкܶƽķֻϧûǸƽ˲ƶġ
ʮ⣬ַķٴ˸һ⣬˲ƶḶ́ѷɢԱʩ
ʩ˲䣬͸Ӧ˷ĴڣַĶݽ֣ѾЩ飬תַ˹ʮ׵ľ룬ת˲͵ʱַжһžᣬϹһһɫĹ˲ӾϷ˳
һҪȴѾˣ˫ľ̫ӽ޴Ӷܡ
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ַ糯ܿȥΧҪĺдһǳųпһۣ˸תߣߵķǳϡ
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ȻһģַȻҲûзŹǵĴ㣬ħϵħѾ׼ϣһӣ䳯һ˷ȥ
еҽһһƬڣ
ַһʮ⣬ٴħһһ˱С
ַɱ˺ѾַĹΧɢܵġ
ַ糯˵ıӰһۣ˵ΪȻߣҲܵķɿ죬ַٶȣҲ׷ǡ
ַҲ׷ǣֻҪӽǽ빥Χ㹻ˡ
ַ翴׼ܵһ˲ƶܵķƶʮףƶϣַͻȻԴ˻ӣղԴһ£۵˹ȥ
ˣղŵ˲ƶʹùˣľΪʹ˲ƶԾܴѹвͻԴԲ˺ڵĴʹʹùɵĺ֢
ַҡҡԴԴκģ˫ػӰ˵·ˡ
ַһڤ룬СʱڤָѣκʹʹĻ
ֻǱôһûӰӣַץڵԸվˡ
ַ룬ֻܳЩʬȥǵϣҵ


179 ʼ
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ַǾ߱նʬҵһʯͷʯͷϴϵصϢʯͷɽһҲΪӴţ̫ʱ䣬˶մȾһ˿ԡ
ʯͷַ⼸˵ΪЩˣЩһӦҲǷʯͷϵܣҶʯģֻĺַ֣֮̾Ҫ߶ʯ
ַЩ棬ԼǿֶܷصĴڵģЩһôʯͷϵĶصأΪʲôҪѰҹأѵʯͬã
ȻЩ׵ĵطǽˣЩ˾ǳŶʯģϳЩıԹߣͬЧ
ʯͷ⣬ַ绹ʬҵͭƣͭƵд嶾֣֣һͭдʮˣһͭдŶʮ
дʮֵͭȱɱǼһдŶʮֵͭڱնǼһַֺܸܿǵʵйϵʵԽǿԽǰ
ǸնļһʵѾ൱ˣͭҲֻǶʮ˵嶾Уˣٻжʮˣ嶾ŵʵɴ˿ɼһߡ
ַﾯ嶾ŵʵ൱ǿһˣȻ£һԷΧأʮʮһֵĻַҲֻʣķˡ
ҲһҪΧַ翴ɱ˶ǿɽΪ˪ľ൱ڿɽ֮ϣе쾳磬쾳硣
ΪۣɽʵҲǵ׵ĻɫַڵΪҲ̫ˣ͵һ׵ĿɽĹߣҲҪСĶԴ˵һСľҪԷˡ
⻹ǿɽĹߣҪϵ쾳Ĺߣ쾳Ĺأ
ĸ֣ͲΧֻҪһ͹ַһˣĸ֣ܲӵҲһ⡣
ˣɽǰ·ЩҲǶġַ簵ֻҲַѣ½ħȻҲ޵УҲǵҪڵϰȫֵȥͬҪǿ֧֡
ַ罫ʬȫ봢ռ䣬Ժȥ˹½лʬ𼣡
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ַ룬ִӴռｫɽʯ˳Ҳţ꽫ɽڵĲոɾɽѾûΣԻղˡ
ַԭ·أٴҵΪԶټٲĺûǱߵĶַӵվֺǺǵʵҵ𣿡
ַһҡͷ˵ûУ˵Ѿˣˣոչ˾绰˵˾м£ֻϸϻȥˡ
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ʾҪַһǮΪƵķãַûҪѾյʯţ꣬ƷѾ´࣬ѾöƷˡ
ַʯĳǳ棬Գ飬Ͱʯĳַ硣
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ѩͻȻ˵֣ѾӦַ룬׼ȥĹ˾ˣҰѹ˾ڵ鴦ãҾʹȥ
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ַεЦЦԽԽڣ֪ô͵ĺá
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֪ҲáַԭҪ˵õģǺϵ֮ȴ˵űʼǱһߣ߱ʼǱĻǾͱȥһˡ
ַ翪ȥ˳¼ұ˳ѩķ䡣
ھ۾ĲٿصԣַͷҲ̧˵ˣ﷢һЩȤĶ
ȤĶʲôȻַǿԵĴ֪ʲô飬һǾҪħַ粢ϲϲĽ
ϰ壬﷢һμļļܺҵйϵ˵
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ȻǷݵʼˣԵǼһҲǸڵԶݣȻ֪ͨԶݣѾݵʼ˳
ݵʼҵĴѧʦҵģΪʼˣҲ֪ʲôݣյʼͿʼˣֻǼֶܵκҵʱû⿪ˣʼֱɾҺܻҾΪյʼɱ֮ġ


180 Լƻ
ķǳΣĶ֪˵йԼַҲǳ棬ʲôɱ֮ʲôˣɱ
˵ҵ˵ʦϢҵĵʦѾʧһʱ䣬ʵĵַҲǳŹֻ֣ܲ鵽׹޷ģַȴ鲻ˡ
֮ǰܵʼʱҲƽ⣬ʼļֶηǳûƽ⣬Ҳ֪ʼݣ֮ҾͰˣҪС￴ԼıʼǱ벻顣
Ŷڿƽˣַ翴ͣĲԣʵ
ˣΪڵĲٶҪ֮ǰϺֻܶ࣬ܺܶ޷ɵĲڶˣӦÿƽݼܵʼ
ˡͻȻ˷ܵĽһ
ĻǷݱܵļ˿滹ļһƵļ
Ƶ򿪣һͷӣͷӴһ״ӣıӦһо
ҵĴѧʦԼѷ
ͷɫǳţƵϷɿӢｫǰ˵˳Ƶֻܼһӵʱ䣬ƵһΣͷ˿ٵ˹˹ϵĹرƵ
Ȼ˵ĺܿ죬ȴȥŽˣ˵Ǳһߵ֯ˣ߻֮ﻹкܶһܵĿѧңҸѧƶУ֯Ұƺǳ
Լѷ֮󣬱䵽һԳоС飬СоĿгԼƻ
Լѷ˽һоԼƻٳɹΪԼƻоߣԼѷ֪ԼƻĿ֮ƻɹ֮ĺƽӰԳһᣬԼѷ͵͵Ľݼܵĵʼ͵Լӵϣϣܹ๫ôҶ֪֯ıֹܹ֯Ϊ
Լѷ뽫ļϹģǻضźŶмأͲϴ磬ҲͨļֶΣļļܴʩ߻صļأļ˼ӵϡ
ĿǰԼѷļƻ»ʧˣΪϲûйڳԼƻκϢ
ЩյļĵִֻһǱ׷ٲɱˣһǴļͶĳЩֱͶԻı
ʧ˵ô˵Ǳ֯ɱˣ
пܣ֯ǵʵӦúǿϢɱˣӦǺ׵ġַͷ˵
νַ֯ҲԾ֯ܲ׹ȴ׵ڻҵҽϢɱαװúжֶ֮֮ǿҲǿ֪ġ
Ͳ֪֯ôӵĳԼƻʲôˡ
һļַЩڴ˵νĳԼƻҲǷǳ档
šӦһ򿪵һļ
ļȻйسԼƻϸϡ
򵥵˵νĳԼƻԺ͵ԵĽϣԵ˼άȥƵԵУԵԵԵ˼ά
Ժ͵ԵĽϣǳԼƻ
Լƻǰʵ˹ܣһ˲Соɹ˹Ҳвٵȱ㣬һȱ˹ûǻۣҲûѧϰһ˵һѧϰ˹ܣҰ
˹ܵĻϣ֯˳Լƻ
ԼƻʵԭĴͨԲ͵ӣȥƵԵУͺĴԻ˳ԣӶӵһųԴǳԼƻ
ַĳԼƻһɹӰ죬ǳ޴
벻˵ԵͿǳԵ㹻֪ļֵˡ뿴ɣжٵԣжٻʹõԣܹЩȫĵԣôڳǰжܿԣ
˭ӵгԣ˭׵ĸıĸ֡
ַ糤ĳһԵЩһĶţ˵ĿƼҲȷǲС
ļУйڳԵϸо棬ǻʵı档
ݱʾȻǿ󣬿ǳԵҲǷǳѣ֯жʵ鹥أҲ˵һ׶εʵѣҪĳԣ»Ҫʮо
ѧоֶʱҲкܴĹϵˣܿһʵͿĿ꣬ãܿʮоҲһ̸
ڵһ׶εʵУ֯ѾеĻʵ飬ǽʵ߽м䶳ǵʹԴڽͣе״̬Ȼʵߵ˼άͳӣӶ˼άתƵУӶ̨ӵܡ
ڵһ׶εʵУΪĲ죬ʵߵʸߴٷ֮ʮߣ˶ɥʵ߶߰ٶˣһǳ˵֡
Ϊһʵ飬߰ٶ˾˶ɥ֯ͺݶɴ˿ɼһߡ
һ׶εĳʵȻѾɣǼϲɳ죬Եʵ߼¼ֻάһСʱڽ֮½ܹǳ΢
֯оĿǿԵʹʱԵӡ
ĳӦʱʹƺӣҲֻĳԣͶʹãҷӦеá
Ȼ֯Ѿһ׶εʵ飬ǾĳԻкܳһ·ҪߣܷɹҲδ֪
ϰ壬ô죿ҪϽ𣿡ʵʦϣܹļϽ¹֮ڵġ
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ҲǣܹʯʯһѾǼҪٶҼ飬ɲô׵顣
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㡭ô֪飬ķǳΣû֪ģǰһô֪顣
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һ֪Լˡ
ʱ͵Ĵ򿪣ɱڵַǰ߾ٿһ
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ȻЩ̫ԶЩôԸϼŰɡ
鶼ַһƴĺϣһ죬󾢶ѣ
ȵ͸ַһʬҲ봢ռ䡣
ˣڷʣűˣűڻΪһЩô


185 ܼһ
ϼƽеʽŻһǧ򣬿Ǯãȡֽתˣºۼ
ַû취ˣֻѯ
˵ϰ壬Ȼ鷳һ㣬ֻҪСĲǿ԰Ǯġ
ŶҪôأַʵ
мת˿϶ºۼģһºۼͺױ¶ԼݣΪһǮ¶ԼݣǾͲֵˡ
˵Ҵ֪һ㣬ҪһǮתûеͨм以תˣΪֵ̫࣬ӶڸʽʵϰҪĻһҵС̣СⷽȽóһЭĻͿ԰ʽȫڸǵˡ
ãϸѩ绰ַͨ˳ѩĵ绰ʱĳѩѾ˯ˣԺĽַĵ绰
õģ֪ôˡ绰һͷѩգԼһ㡣
ӻڳͨͳѩͨټűϣ˾ϵһǧܿͱת˳ȥ
תʽǺܼ򵥵飬ҪĨȥʽ򣬲ѵĻڡ
ϳѩСʱĲһǧʽΪʮһɣپȫϰټеķ·תעĳеͷڡ
ͷģֻҪ룬˭ܹʱȡĿǰַֻˣѩҲ֪롣
˷·֮ʽѾ޷֤ˡ
ʽĶãҲΪ⣬ַǲԼڹʹǮġ
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Ϣɣ˾ַٰ˵绰ֶ˵ҲϽػȥϢɣʣµ飬һᴦġ
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һСʱűѾһƫƧĽ⡣
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С޴תַȥ۵ĺۼԲҡ


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ܻҡҡͷûУҸղѾƽеĹ˾绰ˣűûϢǷһҲû˿Ϣҹ˾ϵһڶʽͱտ鱦ȥһűӦǳˡ
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ƿغÿ֮һںȨϼĿɽȷе˵ˡ
Ҳֻˡܻ̾һޱҪĲͱһܶͲܼˡ
ܻ˵ܵһۣ˵ܣ֪㿴߷ɣҲӦףܼнյķ⣬Ҳǿ˷ЯЩС˼ڶĺá
Ǵ磬֪ôġܻһϽͷӦǡ
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ܻ鷿̸ʱܼұԶһͨˣ۾۲ܼұ
ж𣿡ַʵַվ
Եϰ塣˵Ȼһ˵ƻûȫָжȴûӰġ
Ǿͺã߰ɡַһͷһѾ״̬
״ַ̬ٴһģѾϱ


186 ܼ𣨶
״ַ̬ٴһģѾϱ
Ϊһ壬ܼұķ൱ܵģΧʮҹͣĽѲߣ䴦ͷͱֻ͵ĶŸȮ
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Ȼ޷ȣ߹Ҫȴ˻򵥣ֻûҲûʲôôֻ򵥵Ŀơ
ֻŸȮַ֮ǰ߽ܼܿұ
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ַɲԼ鷳Զϼ壬һҪһ
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ʱһͻȻ𣺡ܻû˵ܼǿС˼ǿҲˡ
˭ܻһôͻȻİˡ
ַ磿㣿Ϥһôַ磿
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ܻڻŻң㵱С𣿡ַһЦ治֪˵֪ĺãǸ˵ĺá
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ûҪҾܼҵġַЦ
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ϤһŵĴȵַ磬ҪܼңⲻܣܼҲƴܼˣܼҲŹģˣƾǵ㻹Ըܼңֱһ
ַЦϤ㶼ͷˣ㻹磿Żˣܼһн³ҪǸӿҵ飬ҪԸңôԸܼңǸܼұס
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ˣϻ˵ˣڿʼһһɣţȴܻ忪ʼɡַܻ˵ܻԳһ˿ַֻüͷܿģеʧˣܿͰԼ⽻
һĻϤֵ۾ͻȻúںúڣðĲȥİð
ĺúڣһжѾˡ


187 ܼ
ҪкҩöðϤԻԥİѺҩȥ
ֻǿϧûкҩϤúںúڣȴֻڻںУȴ
ַܼһһ⣬һͨ⽻ʱֹһСʱ
ڽͬʱܻҲԲغõ֤ݽ˳֤֮⣬˵ڻԲǹһǹӵַİǹӵս˴ռ䡣
۵ϾҲǷᣬǹ֧ĹҲǺϸģֵܼȻܹŪǹ֧ҲĿŵЯǹֻ֧ǹǷڼԱʱ֮裬ֻһͱַˡ
ַ罫֤ݺǹ֧պã˵ˣʼת˰ɣǵ˻붼ܻ˿ʼԼ˻룬ͨ˻룬˵ʽȫתһܻͷ
Ǯַ粻ûǮˣǿ˻Ȼһʮڣַ绹Ǳһ
ʵϣϼϵĴֻʮڶѣǵܻͷڣȴһٶڵĴЩַˡ
ʼɣЩʽתƳȥַ˵
Ӧʼһ߲һ˵õϰ壬ϰһεʽ̫ӴˣһʮͻȻתһ˻עģҾÿ԰ʽֳʮ˻ʽ֮󣬲ڻע⡣
ԼŰɣˣһβҪʱ䡣ַʵ
ͣͷҲ̧ĻشȻһεʽҪϴζ࣬ڲʵǲģ˺ҶˣԤֻҪһСʱͿ
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ַһʱ䣬˵ôʹвɣȥϼŵıտ⿴һᾡһСʱɵġ
õϰ塣ͷӦ
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˵ʬ嶼ַ˴ռ䣬Ȼַ£Ψһŵܻ߳
յĴŸ˱죬ıڲû
ܻһ߳ţػıʺá
ܻޱĵͷ˵Ĳôţûҵ׼˽
ǣ³̴Ӧǡ
ȵܻԶм̵̸ܼǲǳʲôˣ
ҿܼҿ϶ǳˣҪҪͷ˵һ
￴ţȥ绰
ãע𱻷ˡ
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СĵĶ㵽䴦͵͵Ĵ˵绰ܼҵ쳣㱨ȥ
ܼҵĿɽȻǺţǺŶܼҲģܼҵı֮УҲкӵܣ绰ıڶԺŻ㱨
ӵڵĵ绰֮󣬸µĺŵӷǳȣҲûа·ϣֻǷԸȥܻ١
Ժŵܻٺܿͱ壬ܻȻǿȥ˹˾ʱȥ˾ʲô
ȻܻΪЩ֣ҹľȻȥ˾ܻȥԼĹ˾ҲΪ˴ʲôɣ֪ϢĺŵӣȴҲû̫ġ
ŵȴ֪ܻԼҹ˾֮ȥ˹˾ڵıտ⣬ҽտ򿪡
˾ڵıտõǶ룬ҪԿףҪָܻƺͫףرڿŵʱ򣬱տһ¼ܻظ¼ݣ󣬲ܿտĴš
ΪԵģһ˵տͻԶܻǰҲֻлܻܿտĴš
䱣տϼһ䱣տҲȫһ䱣տ⣬ϼŵҪ鱦ͱûƽƷ䱣տ
տ򿪵һ˲䣬һƬ˸ַ۾Ƭҫˡ
öĽڱտڴʮӵĽԴһͱҫۡ
ַ糯Žһۣӡϼĸ֣һע1000˵һһǧ˻ƽ
ڻƽг۲320һˣһһǧˣҲ320000ԪһֵʮԪ
ȻûϸǽĽٳһһֵʮһǼֵʮڣƽһʾ޿ˡ
ѹϼôţʵǵ̫ǮˣһϼʵַĿǰʵҲǺܴһ鷳
ַЦҡҡͷϼǮǲ٣̫ɵˣǮٶҲģֻаǮȥǮԼʵǮǮкͱտǮٶ𣿲һֻ˶ĸѣǴ׵һ֡
ֻлȥĲŽǮڼĽвƲ˵һ죬ĲƲҪˡ
ַҲԼǧҪѧϼִǮϰߣֻаǮԼʵǮļֳֵ
ַڽϿƬƬĽ˴ռ䡣
ַ֮첽뱣տ֮ڣտڳ˽֮⻹鱦ιŶֻЩ䱦͹ŶͳͳַЩ䱦Ŷļֵܻڻƽ֮ϣǶַ˵ƽʵʹüֵȴڹŶ䱦֮ϡ
ףʲôϼŲƱַ绹ڱտ﷢ƱҶϼŲƱΪǲƱ˭ʹЩƱ
ЩƱҲǺöֽ𼸺ǶԵȵģַĽƱҲ
ַѹιټıտѾɾˡ
ַһЦ뿪ܻ뿪տ⡣
뿪տܻ֮ȥ¥µĴϼŵĽζڴģҲڻвٽΣЩζַѹߡ
磬ܻӹ˾ˣȥǵ鱦
ɭ磬ܻǵ鱦ˣȥص鱦
ɭ磬ܻص鱦ˣȥˡ
鱦ڸ۵һ߼ҷֵ꣬һϵʱ䣬ܻȻ߼ҷֵ궼һ顣
ô£ܻвͷƤܻΪȫͷԡ
绰ʣҹģû´ˣһǵʹ죬约ԼԲ˶ߡ
˶ܻʲôٸ˵ˣܻȥЩ鱦ʲô쳣𣿡
Ӧûаɣ磬Ҳûнȥ鱦ֻ꣬濴һ£鱦Ĵˣ澿ʲô飬ǾͲ֪ˡ
ܻ鱦ʱдʲô𣿡룬ʵ
ûУǿֳֽġ
ˣȥŰɡҡҡͷܻĹŹΪҲ벻Ȼ
һСʱ󣬵绰Ȼ
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磬²ˣܻˡ
ʲôһܻȻˣ


188 󷢺
磬²ˣܻˡ
ʲôһܻȻˣ
ܻȻǲϼȴǷһܻˣ϶Ӱ쵽ϼŵķչ϶ҲܲģģôӿҲͲùˡ
Ѿȵףŵ绰һͷ˰Ŀȥ˰
磬Ǹϼһﶯ̫ˣͻȻģǻȵʱѾˡ绰һͷί뵽ܻ򸻺ͻȻ
ģЩҲ֪СѾˣﻹòС
磬ǵѾºȥܻˣ
ƨţʲôĺ
ǣǵûܻûҵʬ壬ܻʬ岻֪ȥˣǱˮˡ
ˮˣôóʲôʱº˵ģʵ
ܻһǵ˾͸ˣмʱԲᳬʮӡ
üͷֻӲ˵ңҪˣҪʬ
µ绰ָܼҵıڴ˵绰Ҫ̽鿴˵绰һͷϢٴγһϼѾʧһˡ
ôüͷٴνܻܼʧ٣ܼҾʲô飿
УҪԿȥҲסˣǰϱϱûκεĴ򶷺ۼܼҵˣȫʧˡ
һľˣҲ˲̸˵绰ܼҵ鱨ʲô
ʲôܼҵ˶ˣ֪Ϣķʱס


ַܻӹ˾֮󣬾ͷڸˣЩֻԶԶţûзַжַҲͲˡ
һҹַܻߣȥܼڸ۵߼鱦꣬Ȼ鱦ıʩǳܣеıǹ֧ƵıϵͳܻԳ£鱦ıԶŴ򿪣ַǳû߿ƣȻ󽫼رգݵĽĻƽ鱦ȫѹεռ䡣
鱦ڸ۵߼ҵͱַѹθɾ
һжɵʱַܻ񿪳ǰȥߣЩ׷ߵǰ
Щ׷߲֪ܻ֮ǰʵѾˣںеֻܻʬ壬ַҲһͨУҽܻʬ봢ռ䣬ʹ˲ƶǵƤˡ
Ҳܻʬԭ
ڶ죬۵ͱһشţϼ˼ʧˡ
ǵļʧ٣ˣʬϢȫˡ
һͬģϼľ޶ʽͱտڵľ޶鱦ϼıʣҲǲ²׷ס
һ˵ϼĳĳͷΪ¶ͷϼ˼ЯܣȻ˵Ҳкܶ©ȴҲڶ˵׵ģҲŵһ˵
ܼұʵķϼŵĹƱ¥һȻˮȵ̵ʱϼŵĹƱѾµ˰ٷ֮ʮļ۸񣬶µƻڲ
Ƶ꣬ʮ¥1307׷
ַ翴ŵϲϱ仯ߣʵƱµҲ׬Ǯ𣿡
ͷ˵ǵģǹƱǻǹƱµֻҪʱԴ׬ȡ棬ΪǰԤϼŵĹƱµԴϼŵĹƱȵϼŹƱµǾͿԴлþ޴󡣡
ַЦҡҡͷַӡܸоƱһֺܸӵĶŪƱԭˡԼûϵͿˡ
ˣǽǶ٣ַʵ
ͳƵƱ۶ʮڣټյ棬һٰʮǧĿǰϵʲʮǧ߰ٶʮǧԪ
ʮڣǺǮ̫׬ˡַЦҡҡͷ˵ɱ˷Ż⻰Ȼû˵Ҫ;ĻҪ׬ȡٶڣ֪Ҫַپأַɱһ壬̾׬ȡһʾ޿ȻǷǮˡ
ַҲ֪ǲܶģϻ˵ĺãںӱвʪЬҹ·߶ǻģһǴٵʱ˷֣Ǿͱˡ
ȻǵԼϣַҲջҵȫƲġ
ַûм뿪۵ڸ۵úõ죬˺öȫһģڵǻ뿪
ַǺգֱ³ǣȻ³ȥƽ
ַλ£ͻȻһͳַ𣺡һºλҵġ
˼Ϊ̫Ҳ֪˵ַϽó˹
ллɻº󣬶ַĵл
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ɻַ翴һۣ϶˵ڵ˰ɣ
Ŷó𣿡ַʵ
óڵؽǽһɻЦ˵
ԭˣĿַЦҡҡͷ
ɻЦǰڵ˰ҸǸ۵ģĸڵصģҴСڵسȻȥ˸۵ӣûи۵ġ
ˣҽɻգ
ҽַ硣
˵ַ֪ɻŮڵؿȥģŮС͵һֲֹǳҷʱ䣬Ůҽҽֲ֢һ취ûУһǾĹϵϵڵصһλҽ֣ɻ֪λҽ¼λҽҽǳģλҽĳ֣ŮĲֵ֢ɻҲǸĺá
ַҲɻŮһλСɻ˵ŮѾʮˣΪԵԷǳС䵽ʮ꣬ȴֻʮģ
Ҫ˵βĻַԾβЩֶεģֻǺɻϾƼˮ꣬ټ϶Էҵβҽַβ飬ҲͲٶˡ
ɻ˸ַĸо㲻ټ˳ϼ壬ַһãͲ˵һ䣺磬ҶҽҲ漰ҪĲûõĻԡ
ãʱһ鷳ֵܡɻЦ˵ַóûаַĻϡ
˵Ҳǣַʵ̫ˣҪǸ˵Լҽܹ߳κðѪͰ֢϶ᱻ˵ɷӻ߰׳գɻܹƽĶԴѾˡ
ַЦЦҲɻ̬ȣЦֺ˸صķ飬ɻ̸ܽȥĵطر࣬رǹһЩȤ£ַýζ
Űְֿһۣתͷߵ˵裬ֵëַˡ͸һΡ
۵ŮЦ˵Ҳϰߣϲ죬ȥɡ
Ҳǲϲ죬˵̫űˣǱƭȻִ˲ƣС죬΢΢˵
ЦǼֲȱǵǮƭһƭһɣֿĲźá
裬֪Ҷﰡ̾һ
ǺǣѾͷĸЦţͷ
ַ˵һССĲ˷ɻ֮ɻֱַָӰһ⳵ǰƽС


189 ֮
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ԿĶܣַҪúõоϵܣӶҳܺʹܵķ
լʱԴҲڼһΪַߵͬ飬Щͬ鶼ԴٵսѣܵԴٵġ
ĿǰܵԴսѾжʮλѾԴٰźסޣֻȵɣͿϸڡ
Դٵսѻ϶ֱַǳõģֻǿַĿǴһ˿ΪȻַЦЦдҪ
ֱȻǲ˵ģٺҲ˵ķ룬ַѾˣַڵһʮҲǺ⣬˵ǵԵսˡ
һ֮õļֱַ׻ַַ֪Ŀ⣬Ҳȫűˡ
˵ǰǲΪȻôڵĿǾηţһ˿־壬Ļһ˿ΣҲԼҪܹҲӵöð
ûлַ֮ͬǰԴû¶Լûаҩˮ˵ȥǻ֪ǿҩˮ׵õġ
ַԴ˵٣ʱˣլʱˣһլסһʱ䣬ĿǰǾѵ޽ʲôҪĶٸҡ
ѵǽ󱣰סĵطѵĵطΪѵûɣսѣֻסڱ˼
õģ֪ôˡԴٵͷҲ뾡ѵãսѲʵĵطס
˹һ֮ԴŴս뿪
ַ˵ˣһʱ䣬˾ҪסˣԼѡ񷿼ԼҺͿס¥ϵķ䡣
ַ֮Ƥݣͨռص˹½
߳⣬ַƫƧָʬ嶼˳ΪռûпĴڣЩʬȻڴռ˺ü죬ûзõļ
ַóһӵͣʬϣȵȫܺãһϣһ
ַԭصӣȵȫĦгǰҴ壬ںҴдƬ̣֪һаãַҲ
ַ绹֪һϢؾвڱҴ嵽ǵĵ·Ѿͨˡ
ַںҴûд̫ãǰǣ˶ǵĵһ£ȥ˹Ӷᣬ鿴Լ䷢
ַ֮ǰڹӶ䷢һ֮Ҳ֪ǷѾˡ
Ӷַ̨ӣ˵鿴ġ˵ַ罫ԼƵ˹ȥ
Եȡ
Ӧ鿴ֲַ鿴صļ¼Ŷַ˵䲼ѾˣҪȡƷ𣿡
ǵġַͷ˵
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ûַ̫ãһӦһֻڴӦڴַ磬˵ҪƷȷĻǩ֡
ַ򿪴ӣ濴ȥװʮźɫ͸ԲԲһſֲĹĲϰЩԲ֮ꡣ
û⡣ַ΢Цǩ֡
ллĻݹˡӦպǩֵļЦ˵
ˣҼǵùӶҲԶһİɣַʵ
Ӧһ㶣ǷɿĻشǵģǹӶӵжһȨҪһ𣿡
ԣҪһһ𣿡ַ糯ܿȥƺûжһĵط
ߣһҪƫСӦ΢Ц˵
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ҪһЩƽ𣬿𣿡ַ˵˹Ľһöħʦ±ؿϡ
ɵ϶ĿڻɨһۣԽƽЦ˵û⣬Եȡ
һǰ;ʽħʦɵ϶֪Լ鷳ĻСĶԴ֪λħʦıվʲôɲԼ鷳
ɵ϶óߣÿƽ𶼽Сĵļ⣬Ȼڰֽдд㣬Ƭ̺ŶַЦ˵ĻƽԶһǧʮöңҪһ𣿡
ַͷ˵õĶһɡ
ԵȣĽˣҪͷַ籧ǸЦЦһӣһӦɿ˽ͷӦĶ˵䣬Ӧһͷ˳ȥ
ŽĿ϶ͷʵҿĺܣ²Ǳ˰ɣ
ַһͷٵ˵ǵģǴӼ½ģʱҵΪͻƵʽħʦ磬Ѿһأ׼޽һʦǱһʱ䡣
ԭˣɵ϶»Ȼַ˵ûлɣַڴ·ϻǺܳģַֻһ㣬ھ˵ʦȴΪټΪʦ̫޽ˣ޽̫ѣ̫˷ǮˣʱԵΪ޽ʦǿǮյĻš
ɵ϶Ҳóǰ˲ȱǮû׼˼û˵ЦǴ޽һʦ
ǰˣѾһʽħʦҳҷ񣬳϶ǳ򵥣ĳɾ͸
ħʦĽ²˰
뵽ɵ϶ͻȻһ


190 ׷߽ɭ
һ뵽ǰᷨʦǰ;ҲǹһƬ˲ɵ϶ʱ뷨
ԭ̱ɵ϶רעĺַ죬ϸĵİеҪ㡣
ַȴһɵ϶ʵЩ˰ƺԼϸ
˾ַ֮شʱҲĽ
ɵ϶ҲֻϺַ꣬һ͸оԾˡ
ɵ϶Цһ˵ַ編ʦ£صģҶûжġڸղŵУѾַ֡
ַͷʾⲮɵ϶˵ȥ
ɵ϶ŵ˵ַ編ʦӦÿóһӶҵһӵĹӶԸȴҲӶǺܿϧ˵Ӷ֮⣬Ҳ֪һʲôԼˡ
ӶƷ⣬ֻеӶ˲֪еĿҵһӵĹӶ֪еĿҲҵĺҲҵĺ󳾡
˶٣ɵ϶˵ص㣺ҵĶһ֮вֻһӺΪҵӾҵȫϣҲҵҲһӶҸϣҵܰǼ
ɵ϶Ŀ⾼Ŀַ磺ַ編ʦӦǸոճΪʽħʦðɣ϶û׷ߣҵӽɭɵ϶ԸΪ׷ߡ
½ǿ羴ǿߵĵطǾηǿ߳羴ǿߣҲԸ̷ǿߵߣǿߵҫΪԼٹ⣬׷Ƶ
׷һֺĴʽ˵ұۣ˵ļ⵶ͺܣǿȥͬʱҲӦҫԴ
ܱ׷һҫ飬Ƕħʦ˵׷߲ϡ棬ħʦݺ͵λ˵ǲȱ׷ߡ
ֻҪħʦԸ⣬Ǻ׾Ϳһ׷ߡ
׷ߺ׷֮Ҳвģм׷һҲûֻԼˣֻЩӵһµ˱Ϊ׷ߣá
ֻбµ׷ߣɾͲˡ
ǸĿǰû׷ߵ뷨ַҡҡͷһڻؾ
ɵ϶ȻӶʵ̫ˣͭսʿʵҲûУʵܹ̳ʲôõĵӣӿҲʲô֣˲ֵ
Ҫ֪׷ߵĹ涨ģʽħʦ׷ߣħʦ׷ߣÿһȼͻ
ֹ涨ܵɱģ׷ߵֻᱻ¼ڲᣬһ׷߱ˣͻҵɵУͬʱ׷ߵƣҲܵɵƲá
ȻǷϵĹ涨﾿˶׷ߣǾͲǱܹ֪ˣֻǧñ֪ĻҪܷɵƲá
󲿷˻طģַĿǰҲΥɣ׷ϣ̫ʣҲҪһЩõ˲š
ɵ϶˲ŵĻͿԳΪ˵׷ˣôֵԼϣַ粻Ȳɵ϶ѻ˵꣬ͿھܾܾҲΡ
ɵ϶Թɫַüͷַ֪ԲԣҲԲµַ﾿Щʲô
ɵ϶˵ȱžܾҵӽɭʮ꣬Ѿսʿѧͽ۷״ֻ̬ҪһͿԳΪһͭսʿĶ츳ԲЩνŲ½ɭĵһɡ
ڶ㣬ɭСͽҵѵڸʹöǳͨó׷ٺͲ壬֮⣬ɭϤӶһǳĹӶ½ʱ򣬽ɭǳõİ֡
е㣬ɭΣһԾԼԾȹԼܶҲаġ
ɵ϶˵ʵôӽɭȷǸ˲ţҲǸͨ˲Ŷѣƽɭڹ½Ϻܳϡ
ȻǰַħʦļǶģڶ˵ɭǱʻǲģԽɭһС׷߻Ǵ´ģַ粻ΪʲôΪʲôɵ϶ҪýɭԼ׷ߡ
Ҫ֪׷ֻһλģһɭΪַ׷ߣôɭһַֻ׷ߣٲܶԱ˷Чң׷ߵһעֻһˡ
ַüͷƽʵԽɭΪһСЧӦòɣΪʲôҪҵ׷ߣ
ɵ϶мЦ׷ЩܵĹ壬һӶأӶɣܵЩ޴óɵ϶ڹûʲôӡ
ɵ϶ַ磬Ͽҵ˵ѡԭ̫ˣͣӦûкܴĻԳߵħʦ磬ýɭŻиķչᡣ
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ΪʱܶΪʱ
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Ŷ𣿡ַ粻ÿɷЦЦȴһµ뷨ڽɭַ絹ǿпޣڸղŵУַȴо˲ɵ϶֪ʶԨͶԴ½˽⣬ַ˵ɵ϶Ӷ󱦡
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ַ翴ɵ϶ıϵͷḻľ飬ҲַҪɵ϶ȥصԭ
ַﶼһЩûʶũ򣬺Ҫɵ϶ḻӶ
ҵô죿ɵ϶˵ᡣ
ɵ϶ǵС˼ַ￴ַЦЦ˵ɭȥҵסҰɡ
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ļ䣬ʱӦһֻӻҽӽɵ϶
ɵ϶ԼԿ״ӣóַ硣
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ַ֮кܴôַϻʮö֮꣬ʮö֮Ҳһʱ䣬ַŻչ֮
ǲַûǮһ㹻֮֮꣬ںڰƷһ˿ɻ䣬չ֮꣬Ҳǵ͵һĺãһԹ̫עģַֿܷνй
ӹӶ뿪ַ֮ȥħʦᣬ˼ֵǧҵϣŻصС
ûãɵ϶һǰݷã⵹ַϣû뵽ͷӻһӡ
ɭʮ꣬ȴѾһװ˵ߣƤڣķǳ׳˶
ַʺ֮󣬽ɭͱһ첻˵ַȴóǽɭĮǽɭԸˣһԴǵˡ
ѹֲɵ϶ҴҵҪԼȥԽɭԸҪԼĻҲԸ
ַԽɭԸȴųģ뵱꣬ԼҲԸɡ


191 Ȫɭ
ַڵʵϾߣĸģɭҲ㲻ˣ͵Ƕһɡ
뵽ַͬ˽ɭΪԼ׷ߡ
ɭϥַǰھһЧҵ֮󣬾ͳΪַĵһ׷ߡ
ɵ϶Ҳַͬ룬ڱϾڹӶ£Ҫһʱְɵ϶Ӧº󣬻ȥַء
ɵ϶ͳȥ֮󣬽ɭֱɭѾãʱԳ
ýɭԵƬַ̣罫ǵ鴦ϣŴŽɭ뿪סլ
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ڽɭǣһֻߴĽǹ½͵ϵһǱȵϵҪߴһЩҽĶͷһǣҲǽֵ
ȻǳҲһģһǽֵƣѰۼʮңϵȽļ۸Ǹߴһٽҡ
һ˼ҿ
ڶķѽǮ˳ѰĲ⣬ҪЩϣһƥĻѣѾ㹻ӣôĻɲһġ
ɭƥȻϵȣҲеƷʣ۸ҲҪʮҡ
ַһͷʵȻнӦþͨˣ
ɭ˵ǵˣҴʮʼѧϰѾ꣬ҵʿѷɫ
ַͷﵹǾɭЩôˣһϸ
½θӣܶͨĦгڹ½ɷǳ޴󣬼ȻɭտܶͶԽɭȥˣͨ籨ŵиûġ
ַʵˣүү˵Ѿﵽѧͽ۷״̬ˣ۷ˣ
ѾаʱˣҲ֪ʲôʱͻơ˵סľ磬ɭԵ÷ǳɥ
ѧͽ׶εǻĴ򰾣ΪǸĻѧͽûнɹĿԣͻҲֻܿԼŬһһͻơ
Ȼѧͽ۷ͻƵͭսʿ磬ֻһ֮ѶȴҲ˭ܹģѧͽ۷徳սʿһֱȥΪֹ
ɭүүһֱϣˣҲûгΪͭսʿ
ַ˽ɭϣɭڴ£ҲǷǳǡ
ַҲﲻæͻƣֻܿԼŬ
ַ绹ǰοģܹͣʮʱʹﵽѧͽ۷״̬츳ǳĸߣ㲻ͻƲ˾ġ
ַЦЦ˵˵ʮѧͽ۷״̬˵ʷǳϱס֮õģҾʧܵԭ򣬺ܿܺĹйϵ
ΪүүҲϱһӣԼûģ޷ͻƾ硣
Ȼû֪ͻƺħͻƣһ̶ͬģħͻҪһǰ̬ͻƸˣĴǹ˼ͻƵĿԣ»ӵã
ַֻᣬǲһеĲϳųɹͻƵġ
ǡ𣿡ɭַ˵ľˣȻûȫǽɭҲоַ˵Ļǳе
ɭַ磬ϿҵʵˣҸôأ
еףôˣַͻȻһ˿û˵ʲôֱַ糯ųȥ
߳ǣַʵɭɱħ𣿡
ħޣûСɭһ㣬ַ֪ΪʲôҪ⣬ʵĻشַʡ
ڹ½ͼһħޣҲӵɱͭսʿʵûгΪͭսʿ֮ǰû˻ȥսħޣûɱħޡ
ַ翴ŽɭʵҪȥȪɭ֣Ըȥ𣿡
ȥȪɭ֣ɭһȪɭֿħ޳ûģȻһЩͼħҲԼܶԸ
ڶﴦһСɭ֣ɭ洦ɼһڿխСɽȪЩɽȪˮȴǳɬȪɭɴ˶
Ȫɭ̾ڶħޣȪɭħ޵ȼ̫ߣһЩͼħޣ˵ɭпħ޵ӰҲ֪Ǽ١
ΪȪɭеͼħ޳ûԲð߶ǰȪɭɱħޣǵĺܴһð߾ǿɱȪɭֵħ޶Ϊġ
ˣҪӶһԹӶ𣿡ɭü˵
ȪɭֱϾħ޳ûħ޳ûĵطʲô鶼пܷȥĻǾ̫Σˡ
ӶһֻӶһȥĻ㵽˿ȪɭҲʧȥ塣ַһ֣˵˵ĻԲȥ
£ھҪȥ𣿡ɭҡҡͷȻüͷȻ壬شĵǷǳᶨ
߰ɡַһ֣һԽҰĦгʱǰ
ͻȻֵԽҰĦгɭЩ棬Ҳû̫ľȣȻүү֮ǰѾһЩ飬϶ַ֪ŴָԲ̫ȡ
Ħгĳ֣ɭȣֻǶĦг;ɭﻹǷǳġ
ַ翴˽ɭĺ棬˵ĦгһĲ
ԭĲַĽͣɭȻֻǶĦгȻǷǳ档
ɣҪˡַͽɭһĦг
ŷĺĦгɿĴ˳ȥ
ɭһﰵ룺ҲܣĶ
Ȼо棬ɭҲû̫ĽΪĦгٶȣ̫죬ûٶȿء
ݣɭһַ׷ȥ
ٶȹȻĦгˣȻַг˽ĽɭǺܿ׷ҿɭƽɫȻûȫء
ڽĳɫַ֣粢ûκγԾԽٶȣ׷Ħгϡ档
елеŵ㣬Ҳŵ㣬˵еһġ
½Ľ׳˶㣬óܣһַǳٶȱĦг죬ûгַϡ
ﲢƽɵĹ·ǵɽ·ԷӽƣȴܷĦгƣ׷ĦгҲ֮С
ַﰵͷ½ﻹŲŵģлĻҲҪԼŪֻһֻܣһֻɡ
˵ɣͲܲ˵аˣַﻹһ˿źڻ޿ռʱҪܹץֻͷƽöðҪܹץͷƽֱһֻްһֺεǿ󣬺εĴڰ
ֻ̫ϧˣͷƽջûбַץַץһֻޡ
Ȼͬǵޣͷƽͺ޵Ĳ໹̫ˣѡַϲͷƽͨͨĺޡ
ֻϧʲô鶼ԼԸģܹץһֻѾĪĸץͷƽǾ̫ˡ
Ѿûϣˣȴôһ˿ܣһַʵ㹻ǿҲƾ豾ǿʵ壬þΪԼ
ֻԾǿʵҪΪ»кܳһ·Ҫ߰
ַͻȻ˶־ͻȻԼ̫ûɣ̫ѣȴȥս
ַͻȻ˶־ԭȵһɢ̱׵⡣
ַͻȻһԸ֮꣬Ҫ̤ǧɽˮҪ硣


192 ʷķ
Сʱıڵ˿Ȫɭ֡
ˣǰǿȪɭˡɭָǰһƬɭ˵
Ȫɭַ֣ܹ̾оïܵɭһ̰Ŀƺ޵ĶԼЩĿɭεħޣɭָһΣյĸо
Сһ㣬ҸожˡַС˵Ҳû뵽ŵɭֱԵħˡ
ɭҲصĶ˶ӣŬſеζԷֱǺħޡ
ĹӶڵѵͨħ޵ζֱħ޵࣬ɭպһɡ
ɭɫһ䣬Ȼ˵ǿߣħȺ
ħȺַɫһ䣬һתͷܣɭ
ħȺĿ£ַѾãû뵽һȪɭ־ħȺ
һֻħǾѾԶԸһȺħǾۼһĿ֮͸ǲ˵һ˵ħȺϣʹûпħȺַҲܡ
ûжԸħȺİ֮ǰַɲԼΣ֮С
ַոշܣɭ̴˴̶ǺֻħǵӰɭУ֡
ɭ˵ûдɭȷһȺħǳû
ܳȫΧ֮ͣ
ɭôֱħ޵ζģַ·ǳ档
ɭ˼ץץͷ˵үүѵģСʼҪÿȥŸħƤëζ
Ȼɭ˵ļ򵥣ǿĳÿȥŸħ޵ζ϶һɵ飬Ϊѵ죬ɭΪ˳˲ٿͷ
ɭɣַͻȻп˵
ͽɭȣԼҪ࣬ԼûгԹκοͷͻ˳
Ҫ˼壬һ㶼ࡣɭҡҡͷᶨ˵
ãһ˼ġַһͷ˵
ллˡɭлֻǶַ˵ĳŵƺҲϡ
ʵϣɭԸΪַ׷ߣԸ⿿Լı´һƬգүүĻȴòͣΪүүԸⷢЧַ硣
ȻвԸǼȻѾΪַ׷ߣһַ羡ְֻĳʵ⣬Ҫַıˡ
ħ޳ûĵطȻǳΣգ˶ûɭ־һȺħǣҪ˷Ӧ뿪һħȺΧУ¾Ҫ׶༪ˡ
ɱħһݸ߷յְҵɱħ֮ǰҲҪбħɱ׼
ΧɭһȦԶԶ뿪֧ħȺһ˿Ȫɭ֡
ɭֵضΣַĦгϾʧȥˣԽҰĦгַɭĽɭȴƽأû̫ܵӰ졣
Ҳ֮ӦֵΡ
ɭΧɨһۣˣɱħ޵ĻôнɭֽǸ˽Ķ̫󣬺׾ħޡ
еĻĽô죿ǣߣַʵ
ɭͷ˵ûϵģѾӣҽеģֻҪǣ߾ˣұҪʱ򣬽ҲĹߡ
ȻɭûɱħޣǴСĶĿȾ֮£ɭڹӶĲǳ˽⣬Ҫַϵˡ
ַԼĿģɭѾַϣɭںħ޵սУͻƾ硣
˵ѣԼȥƴҪַҪɭ֪ԼǷǰȪɭ֡
ɭҡҡͷ˦ȥóһֻСڴһЩĩԼϺַϡ
ַɻ񣬽ɭ͵ƵҩۣϿϵζħ޸Էǡ
ַ綯˶ӣŵһݵζԼϵζȷŲˣ͵ݵζӦζ
ȻЩҩ۵ֶηǳֲڣЧǷǳģ㹻ƭͼħ޵ıˡ
СĵĽɭַ֣ҲɵþȻѾʽħʦһﵽ˺ڵľ磬ħ޵ϮΣա
ͻȻɭŵĽеСģǰֻʷķ
ַһݣ˳ŽɭֵõطȥȻʮĲݴУһֻɫĹһ䶯ʳݡ
ֹɫһħʷķˡ
ʷķĲۣЩɰΪһһħޣʷķȻµĵط
ʷķͺһֻ࣬ɫƤ͸ΪһħޣʷķƤźܺõĿʷķƤԵסһ׳ȫʹʷķʲôҲһͨҲɱһֻʷķΪû㹻пʷķƤ
˲ķ⣬ʷķĹҲ൱ĺˡ
ʷķһֶϵħޣʷķоܵвʱʷķͻὫڵĶҺͨԶԴﵽʮףҾȷȷǳߡ
ʷķĶأӵжԵͬʱӵкǿĸʴԣ丯ʴЧŨỹҪǿ
ԤһʷķĶҺ彫һʲôĿֲ
ԽɭڵһֻʷķǾһһ൱ʹ࣬൱ҡ
Һʷķ͵ħޣȹʷķĻʷķϰԣǲȷġ
Ҳˣðɭʷķʱ򣬶ƿ·һΪʷķΣԣڶɱʷķΪǴ档
ΪʷķڱɱʱڵĶҲ֮Ὣʷķʬ帯ʴɾһ㶫Ҳû£ӲսƷˡ
ɱʷķʲôҲòȻûԸɱʷķˡ
ַ˶ǵһνȪɭ֣ţʹûмķֻʷķĴڣȵɭֻʷķʱ˾ʷķѾǳˡ
ҺֻʷķûзĻ֮У¾Ҫˡ
Ȼ뾪ֻʷķԻˡ
ʱַ´һ죬ַһСĲȵһ֦ˡ
ͬʱֻʷķ̷ζݣһתǴѪ˿۾ˡ
óֻʷķڴԷַ˷ǳӾȻڷ
׼սҪˡʷķʱ򣬽ɭ̰һڴһѷɵ˶ʷķ˹ȥ
ɭȻӦܿ죬ʷķĶҲǲʷķܵɵ˲Ȼһ£˲СһȦСһ˲䣬ɵʷķϣ˵һ죬ǰѷɵȻʷķ巴˳ȥ
ڷɵȥͬʱʷķһţһڶҺͳŽɭ˹ȥһڶҺļ죬գ۾͵ɭƺ֪ڷɵͬʱ͵һȻ㿪ʷķĹ
Һ䵽ϣ̸ʴ˺ôһأһɺڵΧݵϵҲѸٵĿݻȥ
һڶҺĶԣ
ɭүүĿ˵ʷķսϰԣԲǰӦȻʷķĶҺǿϱҺ˺ݣɭҲǿһľ
ڽɭʷķĽսУַϵħѾ׼ϣһӣһ׳ʷķ˹ȥ
ʷķķӦϴһޣҲ׼ֿ׵硣
ƺܹʷķƤķʷķķ
״ʷķϣʷķһķһҽУ׻еĵطѾһƬڡ
׵ַǳһɽڼҸֱ׻УҲľ档
ַ羪Ļ״еʷķûȥ˶壬ȻһֳַķһҺ
Ϊ˵ԵʣʷķһڶҺĲ̫죬׼ַ˹ȥ
ַʱȻʷķɲ࣬ṹǲһģ㱻׻УҲôġ


193 ͭϣ
ʷķȴſµ
ʷķϾһħޣṹ岢ͬ㱻׻УҲôġ
׵Ĺܵ˺ʷķ䶾ҺٶȣԵĻ
ַһζҺһӷȣһϸСеʷķϣʷķһ£˺Ҳ˶ѡ
ַ»ȻϸС磬û˺ʷķ
ħ޵ıƤһħԣǿ󣬾޷˺ħޱ
ַڶι˺ףһ˲磬Ȼ˲ħܺᲢۣ޷ͻʷķķ˺ʷķ
Ҫ˺ʷķҲҪֵȼħ
ַ粻ٽ̽ץʱַףǰʷķˡ
ʷķһһѸٵڻһ̲ɫҺ壬һŵȳζڿɢ
ַ糯Һ忴һۣȻʹе˵һɱʷķǵòκջģʷķսȻǵòʧ
ʷķսַԽСԼĺҲͷ˳
޵Ҫ֮ǰԵĴһȦڵħҲõ˲С޵ʵѾһħ൱
ڵĺѾ߱һս԰ַս
ַ˷ܵȦַ£˷ܵĳǰȥ䵱Ľɫ
Ŀǰĺ»ħһǷϵħ׶һˮϵħˮ
ħúӵ˹
ǻްɣַٻĺޣɭһ˿Ľ˵ħʦӵлޣҲһοޡ
߰ɡַһ֣ں޵󣬽ɭ֡
Ȼɭħ޳ûҲôħ޵ģڽɭְСʱַ֮˵ڶֻħޡ
һֻһħ޻ɳɳһԵħޣóһɳԼ
ֻɳǺ޷ֵģѾͻɳսһ
ɳϣѾһĻɳɳӵвķһϸӰĶ
ϺʵĻɳɳһͳź޳˹ȥ
޳Żɳһһɫķ׶һϸ߳Żɳ˹ȥ
׶ٶȷǳ죬ɳͶܲͱ׶塣
һϸܵĻɳ׶׶Ҳ֮ɢɳ΢΢ƫӣͳź޼˹
Ȼ׶Ĵ͸ƲϵĻɳ
޶޹Ʋ㣬ɵľȻͷַ硣
ˮǰȣַָӵ
ַָ̰ʾ죬һֵָˮ̳Żɳǰ˹ȥ
ˮٶȻûз׶ô죬Ҳ̫࣬ܿ͵˻ɳǰ
ɳһ˿мԼϵĻɳǳģͲ¶ԷħˮϮ㲻ܵǰȿ
ʵϣ㣬ҲôöģϾħٶȰǶ˭Ǹ㿪ħġ
ˮڻɳǰϣֻǿĵһɳʧˡ
ϵĻɳأɳȴħĲȴǼΪˣǹҲֻһɳˣҪ˵Ͳܣ˵ǻɱˡ
һˮҲֻһɳûз׶Ļɳ࣬ɴ˿ɼˮȲϷ׶
Ǿˮʱһɾˮӿ˳ڿǰȻһ
ȴǲ֪ˮĴ͸ǱȲϷ׶ˮȴǸǿĶܣӵлЧ
ˮϸĶ̰ѻɳһһĵطҲǡôպôǰϣһһģһȻˤһӡ
һϲƲһˮ˹ȥ
һλɳѧˣڵһǿˮĹ
ɳź޷͵͵ոյһȻû˵ȴˣ﷢ĶȴԽĽ
ħ޵ԶԸǴͷҲǲ޹ϵġ
ɳͺٴսֻ߼ʵ԰Ҫֳʤ²һʱ̵顣
ַûóȻĽ볡УƵ˻ɳ󣬳Żɳһһס
ȵϮʱѾ̫ˣ׻ĺȣһ죬ĺȶǿҵĵ򵽽ڡ
صһҽȻʧȥȵƳɣ̵
ȻϵħܹϵħַΪҪ̫ˣǴĺĵط̾Ͱĺȴˡ
£ַҪĺԵĿɲף˺޵ǣ£ַ͵Ϯж˳ɹ
һܵ˵Ӱ죬ĶԵķǳٻ·ֻһȳһյġ
ַһɣֻѾˡ
ַ糯һָеɭɱ
ǣˡ
ɭɨһۣһԲܣһֳصĳȥ
ȻɳѾзϣһħ޾һħޣɳȻɱɭɭòСĶԴ
ɭԲܻǰСĵĿɳɳ¶ſĽɭͳ
ɭоһǰһʺϾʹһ
Ȼûɭȳһ̵ķɿ죬ʱʺɭһС
˵һ죬ʺϣͳ죬·ʯһ㡣
ĻɳЧɭһȻ̵ľ׼ǲûƿķֻ޹
Ȼûˣȴһŭˡ
һ˿бһųŽɭҧ˹ȥɭȻǵһκħսǶսʽȴǼΪϤһβ̺ˣ˳ƶһҧ
Ĺûô򵥣һҧУצӳŽɭһѴȥ
һٶ̫ˣɭȴˣֻԲһ̧צӴ˹ȥ
žһ죬צӴԲϣצ£̵Բ̱Ļۣһɾ͸ܶɭƺһ˴˳ȥ
ŽɭĻˣݵϻɭ˫Ȼһ׳Ļۡ
ħ޲ʩսҲǷǳǿ
еĲбԽһҪɭɱȥ
ҲֹὫ˵һҧʺһɱɭС¶ûˡ
һɱȥǾӵ˲䣬һ̵ȴˣһֻѾзˣҪʩչɱܣȴǲܵˡ
ɭһʹӵѸٵĽԲܻǰ


194 ͭ£
ɭԼҵƽ
ɭһԽΣյʱȴҪ侲Դ
ԽɭڵǲƿĻɳģҪɱƺǲܵ飬ǽɭ֪ҲĴڣ֪һַҲȷɱֻǸܷʱ䡣
ܼ򵥣Ǻʱ䣬ϵĻɳҪħάֵģһʱãϵħĸɾĻɳȻҲͲˡ
ȥ
ɭ֪ԼΨһʤĿܡ
ɭǾܵĽʡڵĶʱ䡣
һֻĻɳǲɭȥĻģǰѾˣǱ˺ȣжܴܵԼ͸˽ɭʤϣ
غϵĽ֣ɭĶԽϤһʼ֮⣬ѾıܿĹȻֱӵĹϵ
ҪһȱַУɭûкĿܡ
ˣɭϣҲ˿ڣЩץ˵˿Ѫ죬ˡ
ɳսҲǷǳǷצӿװһ˺ƬҪǽɭѾսʿѧͽ۷״̬ܹöֿǼצ㹻Ҫ˽ɭС
ʱһһĹȥһСʱܿ͹ȥˣɳϵĻɳҲ𽥵ϡɭһϲħҪˡ
һ˿ĻƹʧһɫϸɳҲ֮ϵ
ħþɳơ
ɭ´ϲڶ㿪һ˲䣬ĬųؿһͺһеļϳһϸѪۡ
ʧȥɳı֮ڿֱӹı壬ܵ˺
ֻǽɭĹ̫ˣܹϣҲֻܻһѪۣҪɱҪŬ
ɭȻأȴһѪ۾ͺãֻҪܿѪ۾˵ԼĹЧɱĿܣֻҪôһ˿ܾ㹻ˡ
ɭһ׼ʱɳսʱԶĲݴһֻ䵶Ұ˳
ֻ䵶Ұ˶ףس֣һ䵶ƵҲ䵶Ұֵ
䵶ҰȻҲһħޣǺͻɳһȣ䵶Ұɾˣһٳ棬ɭҪ䵶Ұ֮¡
䵶Ұ˶󣬿ȴǷϵħޣյħǷϵħ׷׷ףħӳߵٶȡ
䵶Ұٶԭͺܿ죬ټ׷ļ٣䵶Ұĳٶһħ֮Уһġ
䵶ҰĿ⳯ųɨȥѪĽɭʱĿһԼɺͷԼ촽
䵶ҰĿɭƤëϸһ㵭̹⣬̹䵶ҰѾΪԼʩչ׷
䵶ҰһԼٶȳŽɭȥǱߵһ䵶Ѿ߸Ա֤ڻнɭʱ򣬿԰Դ
ڷ䵶ҰֵʱַһһžַУȵ䵶Ұ棬ַ̼еľᡣ
ַеľһһɳ
žļһƹҰǰĵϣϿɳһɳء
ı仯䵶Ұһ˿֣ٶ̫ˣΣյʱתѾˡ
ܵķɿ䵶Ұһͷɳٵĳɳн˺ôһƬɳ
䵶Ұغܿɳȥ䵶Ұ̫ˣ³ֻǳһͱɳС
䵶ҰŵķŭɳʹҪɳ
ɳسף䵶ҰкܴĿԻܳ
ַȻῴ䵶Ұɳܳʩչħ䵶Ұļ
׻䵶Ұĺʵļϣ̰ѼһƬڣ䵶Ұ̫ǿˣһȻ䵶ҰǲܸЧ䵶Ұŭɳĸˡ
Ҳ˹УԼķ׶䵶Ұ׻е˿ڡ
ַͺ޵Ĺʹ䵶Ұļ˴Ƭ˿ڣ䵶Ұǿȴӷĳɳء
ַһּ˼ɳᣬ䵶Ұܱ߶ɳأӻ䵶Ұɳܳʱ
ἤϣַ䵶Ұַͺ޵ĲϹ£䵶ҰŻͣյɳ
䵶Ұ̫ˣַǰǰһ˶ʮħ䵶Ұսˣ
䵶ҰһħҲĴڣܹܵס˶׵Ĺ
ħ޵ҲǷǳˣ⻹ֻһħ޶ѣҪǶħޣħָʲôزأ
ַԭʶʶħ޵ģȴﰵǧҪڿȪɭ֣϶ħޡ
ַĿǰʵ϶ħޣҲֻķˡ
䵶Ұַ֮һƿħҩˮڤ룬ԻָԼĵħȪɭʱħޣֻб״̬Ӧħ޵Ϯ
ַĹҲ˽ɭĺ֮ǣɭֻҪһһĶԸɳˣµ飬ַġ
ɭͻɳսҲ쳣Ĳңɭϲ˱ɳ˺ҧ˺ۣɳϣҲǱɭһ˿ڣֻǻɳһȣж㣬ɭȴж磬ڻʧȥ˻ɳıʤƽѾŽɭб
Ƭ̣һֻħ޴ƬССսһֻһħ޻β
βӵвĻ湥ܹͨ˦βͣβϷһƬλ棬βҲɴ˶
βеҲ̰۾Ǻ䵶Ұͬβû̼빥ΧƬսƺѰѵĹʱ
ַûûβսĴ㣬ȷ׹βֻϧβľԷǳߣַħ֮תˡ
ԸǻβĲš
ڻβ˲ãһֻħһֻһħצɽè
צɽèǷħޣƶٶȺܿ죬ܹͨצӷУצɽè֡
ֻצɽèȻǳٶֿ죬ܹӶצӷУַϺצɽèһצɽèˣֻǱצɽèٶȹ죬ӵˡ
ħǺܴģ󲿷ħڸо޷ȡʤʱ򣬶ܣҪɱħ޿ɲһ׵飬ҲǴ󲿷ɱħ޵ĹӶɶԭֻһ֧СӽħΧסɱħ޴ӣɱħޡ
Ȼצɽèˣצɽè̶ȣҲַ³ԾַҲԽСĵĹעܵԱħ޵͵Ϯ
еĴ򶷳ʱ̫ˣѾСʱ֮ãΧħ޶ɭսЩħޣַɱˣű֤ɭսܵӰ졣
ڣɭʺϴһһ˳˿пʺϴ̳һˡ
ʺ鴤ĵڵϣѾ٣ۿҲǶˡ
ʱ򣬽ɭҲ˲һƨ˵ϣ˿ڵϣȻֵĻƹ⡣
һյսɭĶ࣬оԼڵĶʣĶӿҪͭ磬ƺҲɶ
ɭ˲ûΣգϥ˵ϣתʣĶͭ硣


195 ƽ֮ϣ
ӿȪɭֳѾڽɭͭսʿ֮
ڴʱڣַŽɭڿȪɭɱħޣħ޵ĲսɭͭսʿѾգö
ͭսʿսʿѧͽʵĲͬսʿѧͽֻܽУǿͭսʿܹ֮⣬öǿͬʱܹŶ˺ǿ
ͭսʿʤսʿѧͽҲֻнΪͭսʿһħ޽ս
ʱĥɭʵõȹַ̣ԼҲħ޵ĲսУ˷ḻս飬ַսˮƽ֮ǰѾһ̨ס
ַǰɱħ޵ĸоɱ¾ĸоѪڣַ֪ԼʱǳޣǲڿȪɭһֱȥˣַҲǳʱڿȪɭĥգڿȪɭִ죬ŴŽɭغҴ塣
ɭܸҴˣɭΪ̹һְںҴ̵սܣַԼǼҴҵķƤݡ
ˡַк
ַһͷʵ뿪⼸ʲô𣿡
˵ûʲôҪ飬ڣķԸѩͶѾעᣬעʽʮӢ˾ܲǳѩ
ԭַǴóѩ˾ģѩͶҲҪֽйѩѩͶʵľˣҶڽڷǳóѩͶʣպúʡ
ϰ壬С˵ٹ͹̸һͶ繫˾ѩͶʵĺעʣ繫˾ͻӵı˽Ӫҵʣһʹʽӳ㣬һҲ繫˾һ㱣£ʵҵڵλҪȱ˽ӪҵһЩʡȥܶ鷳
ڵɫˣκҵʵ¶Եޱȳ㣬ַҲֻˣһҲԽʽԴ⣬ʽԴڷͶʣûʲôɸ˵ĵط
ڹɷ͸Ӳõˣҹ˾ַԼģͲõĹɷݶٵ⣬ַԼƶͺá
֮ǰǺ˵ҪΪһҾͰѶˡַ˵ţӴָóԲ
ԲֺɫԲһŹ
֮꣬Ļ۶ɵĶ֮ɻۣԴȪ֮ͿԼΪַ˵
֮;һʹϣĳЩƷڼ֮ͻ߱һԣܣΪƿܵʱ֮꣬ýӲĿܣӵµ
ڶ;
֮֮󣬻ǵ۽ᾧͬԱգ֮꣬ͿԼΪ
ʩתҲ֮һ֮ӶΪ
ѾԽԽ͹ԳַобҪΪ
֮꣬ÿһţʮһΪ֮ꡣַ˵
ллˡϲ˵ȻҲٶ̫ˣҪҪ֮ã֮Ͳͬˣ̵ʱڽ硣
ҲʹʵӣȻѾҲϣһֻǿĹܹʵλ᲻ϲ
֮һȱӦã֮Ĵ洢ʱǳݣһ˵ֻܴ֮洢һ£ʱϵԽã֮ڵĻͻ᲻ʧʱϵ̫ã֮ɢ
֮ʹʱһʹõ֮еطõҪ֮ʱ򣬴Ҫȥȡġ
ַ֪һַǿԱ֮ģħʦļУһĺڰħԸʧӶڵı֮ꡣ
ħڵĹ½ӦѾʧˣĻ̵򲻵֮ģҪˣַҲó߼ڹӶᷢչ֮ˡ
ַͷϵ̫֮٣òְħб档
ַ֮߳Ƥݡ
ɻˣû°ɣַԿһһͬʱԿҲһ˿档
ʱַ綼ʲôأһֱƤĳԺָô
ַĹŹΪԿĶǳ棬ַֻ֮ǰѾˣȻº棬ȴҲʡ
ַԺ£˵һʱ䣬һֱϳ飬һͷǻԳŽ
ȻͬħҲͬڶǳȻһʽڵģֻҪ̬ôȻ乲֮ͨ
ַ绹֣ĳǿڿֲĳ뾫ĴŲСĹϵʹó飬˵ľҲ
ݳĴʽ;ĲַڤֱڤˣڤЧֻпǵʵˡ
ַ罻˵ڤһּ͸ڤȻħȴܹһ̶ӾܷӳĿǰЧδ֪
ַ罫ڤ֮Ϊڤ뷨
ڤ뷨ַ֮صƤ֮С
Ƥһַ֮ûдƤݵ
ϴϼַŪΪڶĻƽַЩƽ𣬿ɲΪ˽ǮѣΪƽҲһҪϡ
ͻƽȻ߱ħǱȴһħ壬ħĲУõƽ𣬴ӶǿħĴЧ
Ҳڹ½ƽᱻͨҵԭΪƽʵʹüֵ
ħװУͨۻۣӶǿħĴԣǽʹüֵ
ͰȣƽħԻһЩԻƽļֵҲȰߡ
ΪƽħԣħĲͨʹûƽ·Ĺ죬ԽǿħҪʹõĻƽҲԽ࣬һ߼ħ󣬽ǻƽʹҪٹ
˵Ͳò˵ʦˣʦħʦסĵطΪħʦ˵ʦǳҪħʦǶڷʦĽҲǲʦѾһô򵥣һһħݡ
ʦĽ˵ӿԺܸӣ˵ҲԺܼ򵥣򵥵˵ʦһħƽħϳһħ󣬾һʦˡ
ʦĽҪõĻƽַԭȥŪƽźãѹϼĻƽַгĻƽ취ʦˡ
˵򵥣ѣ취ʦһܸӺܷĹַҪƾԼһ˽취ʦ治ס
Ҳû취飬ַķʦ׼ڿռ֮ϣΪ˱ܣ;Բܼˡ
ַӴռóƽȻʩչеĽеĻƽӹһϸԲܣԲܵϣһµħơ
СʱŬСĴָĻƽԲܲǳɣһʦҪϰٸĻƽԲܡ
ڽʱ䣬ַһħһƽԲܣַյĳ죬ƽԲܵļӹٶҲԽԽ죬ַ֮ѾӹʮƽԲܡ


196 ƽ֮£
ַƻƽԲܵʱҲڻϵħսĿ֮󣬼ϵħѾַա
⼸ϵħǴƿءɳһش
ƿϵħܹͷŴƿأѧϰһϵħ
ѧƿܹ֮ӶԪصĸӦܹͨڴħ֪صϵħҲһʵõħرǶԼҪڵҵַ˵
ɳһ˵ķЧպ෴
ɳǽʯתΪϸϸɳһȴǷ֮ǽϸϸɳۼɼӲʯ
شϵԴӵͻһش̹Էش̵ĹʽգרŹ·Էǳߡǵش̵Ĺ̫ԣ׽жܡ
һսϰַ֮оԼ˰գŽ׼ھ
ռĴǸ⴫ܣʹͨ±ܣַһֱ˼⡣
ַķǽͨ赽ʦڲʦͨĴڡ
ַ֮ıʹɳӲǽڻΪϸɳȻַʹôָϸɳŵռ䣬˷£Ҷʱڵչ
ȵҴַ֮תƷλΧƿռǽڿʼھ򣬿ռȻӵһ磬ռݵȴ̫󣬲ռһ4׵أַھ£ܿͶһ2׵壬мǿռ
ַıڿʼʹһмӹ̣Ȼʮܲڶڵܣÿ֮ƵĽ˿ӡ
Ȼַ罫ղھϸɳ½ʹһϸɳʯ
һôԿռı͵ˣȵʦ֮ԤµĽܻͷʦӣӶγɷħ󣬳ħ󱻻٣Ļûܹǿƻʮܹɵķħ
ַ翪ʼںõĵ棬ַҾͳһֱʮ׵ľ޴ԲοӶӶǰǿռĴڡ
ӶϺַڿӶıϰһķλ½ܣһܵĶʮܣĴƵĻƽԲ򣬸պҲʮŻƽԲеĻƽԲͽ֮䶼ʹý˿ӣǿռΧʮҲʹý˿Щͽ֮ӡ
˿ͽܲúúʹϸɳиǣһй̻
Сʱæµһͨˡ
Ȼַһص㿪ʼھһھһ߻һµʯݡ
ʯһֱʮףַߵͷʼھڶҡ
Сʱ󣬵ڶҲɣڶҺ͵ڶҲͬĲãֻмǸռѡ
ڶɺַھңҺܿҲڳɣǵұõһʱ򣬽ܾȻùˣҵḺ́ͣ
ַȫڷʦĽУһù⣬ڵҿʼƽܣַڽܵѾԽСʱͰĽɣҲŲɡ
ַϲվ̸оһͷΣһƣд͸˳ַ֪ã̫ˡ
ַȻǿ׳ϾѪǸеҲǻۻƣģַ̫ԷʦĽ죬Լ嶼ۿˡ
ַĸоۺۣҲöһɣͺ˯˹ȥ
һַ˯һҹ˯ַ֮绹ǸоԼӻˣֻ״̬άһ֮ãǻָ
ַѧˣҲ͸ֻ֧Сĵھҡ
תۼֹȥʱ䣬µҲַɣʦĵ²֣ȫ깤
ʦΪ֣㣬ϾŲ㣬һʮ㡣
ѾַɣھͲϵľŲˡ
ʦȻΪµ֣ǵµ֮ȴûκͨҪĽ²ֻ֣ʹ÷ʦõĴħͨħĴͽ²֣ͷתַֻУϿԶž˽ҵĿԡ
Ȼֻ޽˵㣬ĵĻƽҲǷǳˣмֵʮڵĻƽѾ˵㣬⻹ǵѣķѵĻƽ»ӾˣȵʦɵʱĵĻƽ»ᳬҡ
ʦĵĻƽ̫ˣ˵ǻƽ֮һ㶼Ϊġ
ַԼĬĬһ㣬ҲһȻƽ㣬Ҳġ
Ѵܼлƽڷʦ޽µĻƽҲ
ʵϣַĵĻƽѾԶԶĳʦģַʦѾ㹻ʮλħʦ޽Լķʦˡ
޽ʦȻҪƽ𣬿ҲҪôĻƽַǰ߹޽ķʦ޽ôߴԲŻôĻƽ
ַĬĬ㣬ռµĻƽֻ޽㷨ʦٻҪֵʮڵĻƽ𣬲ܰѷʦĲ޽ɡ
ַ絹ǲȱǮֻһʾ˵Ļƽ𣬸ȥأ
ڹ̫ˣȥȻָͨ͵͵ɡ
ţô졣
ƽ鱻˳ѩȥϵƻҪʱŻϢ
ԺƤѾַʽˣԺ׵ķҵĴںۼȫĨȥڿرǿҵĴڵġ
ƤݲãլҲʩӲˣʩӰչ滮ʼ޽ʦȻʩӶȻзʦǽзˮ£˵ġ
ʩӵ˶ԷˮʲôĿɹܲô࣬ҲǮ˰£ֻҪ˰ʱǮȻҲİѻպá
ˮ޽ҪЩŹ֣Ȼ´ػʩΣֻڵϽһ׵ˮ൱ɵػʹãȻںˮ޽
¥Ľɲȵڶǲô깤ģַֻڹص๤๤ѡҲңֱӴԴٵսĳͿˡ
һжɵĽУַҲûзɶԼ
ַΪôЩڴﵽħʦھ磬ֵǣַųʦüˣ޷ɹ
ĳƶҪǺڵħƿǺˣȻǺˣ¾£ǺˣȵǺٴξ£ͽ˴ħʦ硣
Ǻ˵ƶһϴܹħʦ硣
Ǻ˿ƴʵȴӲޱȣѰķ޷ƿǺ˵ģֻнħʦھ磬ħﵽ۷״̬пܴǺˣħʦ硣
һ̷ǳѣʮ֮˾ŵħʦһ̶һӶֻܵһħʦ
ǵħʦͱһ̣ʮ֮ãʹͣħʦ硣
ַ鿴״̬ܿ;ȵķ޷Ǻ˵ԭ


197 ƽ
ַ鿴״̬ܿ;ȵķ޷Ǻ˵ԭ
ַǺ˱棬ܲһɫĹ˿ЩɫĹ˿ƽʱʱӰ죬ǵַǵʱЩɫĹ˿ͷ·һ㱣ǺˣӶʹǺ˼ޱȣ޷ͻơ
ַһɵۣǳҲΰҲΣԪؿٵĽħʦھ磬뵽ȴЩǺϵԪ赲ס˽֮·޷ͻǺԪصķַؽ޷ƿǺˣҲԶʧȥ˽Ŀܡ
ַȷû뵽ԪܹȻҲ谭
ǺϵԪǽħʦʱںϽǺ֮ڵģ޷ΨһǺ˵ķӵбԪظǿ
Ŀǰ֪£ԪصҪħԪضҪ߼ħԪȻƲԪصģַڵħҲħԪںϹɣڸղŵĳУҲ޷ƿԪص
ַΪѾﵽ㣬ʹҲ޷ڵħħȻ޷ôҲ˵ħѾ޷ƿǺˡ
ħҲƲôӦʹʲôȥƿǺأ
ַǺɨͻȻǰһ
ǺڳħĴ֮⣬һɫâһɫâַϴʯеԪأӶǺڵĲԪء
ȻԪصסǺ˵飬ôǲͬʹǺڵԪȥƿǺˣ
뵽ַ˷
ǿѹסе˷ܣַſһ⣬ֻϧôһͲַʹ
ַһһĿƣתڵħתħԽתԽ죬Ǻ֮γһתУܵеӰ죬һҲŶ
ַȻһתеȥ򣬸תħ̴⳯Ǻڱڹ˹ȥ
䣡
Ǻں¡һ죬һ·һڵһǺڱϣԭޱȵǺڱڣ̱ѺۣۿžҪƿǺˡ
ʱǺϵɫ˿΢΢һѺ۵Ǻڱתۼָԭ״Ĺ·𲢲һ㡣
ַȴһϲȻЧ
Ҫַ֪ʹħǺڱڵʱ򣬿ǺЧģССȻڱϴѺۣ֤һƿڱڣȷЧ
ַҲó̫ˣһ֮ƿǺˣһ޷һƿǺˣǺϵ˿ͻָǺˣʹĹ޹
ַˣҪƿǺֻһ·ߣǿӶһƿǺˣǺе˿һָǺ˵ʱ䣬ΨˣƿǺˡ
һ⣬Ҫǿأ
ַ⣬һȴ޷ֻʯգӶǿˡ
ַϥ½ڤ룬״̬óǿţ꣬ԥĿʼա
Ȼޱȣ϶һ޶ǺͽջȣţҲԵòôҪˡ
ַգţеһʵԪؿٵĽַڡ
Ԫؽ֮̿ʼΧħԪأԼħתַȴжħתΪ˿ַѾħתħҲ޷棬ֻܱų⡣
ַԪתΪħḶ́ԪȻȻıǺ֮ڣһ֮УһԪص룬Ǻڵһ⻺׳
Сʱţ걻һţҲ֮ѣǺڵһҲŴһȦ
ַٴתħЮ⳯ǺڱײȥǺںһ죬Ǻ˱ײĲѺۣͲôһ㣬Ǻ˾Ҫ˻ƣҲǲôһ㣬Ǻϵɫ˿һתͰǺ޸ϡ
ͲһˣֻҪһԻǺˡ
ǲһ㣡ַʧҡҡͷ
һĲ࣬صĲ𣬳ַܹһ麬ԪصıʯĻַûǺˡ
ַҲȷһźԪصıʯűʯʯһӡڼڻ֮ڣַҪ˻Ԫأ齫᲻ڣҲʧ
ѾԽԽҪΪĽʧַ绹²ġ
һ飬ֻʱŻˡ
ַΪʱѾ޷ӣΪȴͻͽ֮ѾţĿǰµٱգ߾нĿܡ
ϵ͵ȵ֮һ飬顢顢а飬ħ飬ǿħ飬ǱȾǿĿֲڡ
ѣΪǾħڽɭħǡǡźǿĵֿԣսʱ򽫻ǳԿһȵ޷սʤ飬Ҳ޷֮꣬ȻҲԽˡ
˵óħ۵ĴɶԣĴڣǷǳֲ
ǿڶʱڿǻڹ½ʷϣһֻǿа飬һҹ֮һ֧Ϊ˵ţֻܾŻһУȻֻаҲǿ෨ʦ𣬵֧źҲѾһһս˵˿ڴﵽʮ֮࣬Ŀ֮
ַ絹ûμսҪĵУʵͬԵԵַ翴еĵط
ǵϵã֮󣬴ҲˮǴߣóħ֮һַİˮƽľרҼ
ĺͿܾڤҲһЩǽԣַ˵ᣬٴθڤ˼
֮໹һѧϰ񣬾ѧϰѱޡ
ֻʨȮֻħҲַǰϼңֻʨȮڱĽѵ
ڼӥͺǵҲŴһȦӥѾͳӥһСҲ˳ǹֻͣħȻڵսѾ൱ɹַֻۣ̺ϹƵĻԸһɽĹӦû⡣
Ƕħޣӥħޣȵȫͻӵжħ޺ħ޵ʵħޣµĴڡ
ֻҲ׵飬ħʵԽǿ󣬳ʱҲԽڹ½ҪֻħޣҲҪʮʱ䣬ڵԪصĴڣԪܹħ޵ĳɳڶʱڳꡣ
ħȣ޵ĳɳͱȽˣǸ˵ʵӶӵģʵԽǿ󣬻޵ʵҲԽǿַʵħʦ۷徳磬޵ʵҲһĵõӣӦͨһħޡ
ȻΪ޷ӣַ粢ûзħϵĻħĿǰѾַա
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ʱѾױɫ¸׺ַͻææĿ˵㿴ĸⲡҪôأҪòκá
ַ糯żרҿһۣЦĸ׵ӹҽ϶·һӹҽ֢ʲôģҾͲһˣҲÿÿ­Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪĸڵĹаͿˡ
ɣȰѹаѹסòһ¡ַ˵˵£Ȼİѹ˵̫ѨϣʮӺַſơ
ˣڵĹаѾѹסˣǿˡַ뿪һһָ˵
Ȼ˾ͿƤ۾
⡭ģô۾˵ĿãȻ
裬û°ɣϲ̾ͳ˹
רҲˣԭأǵ૵аû뵽Ȼġ
⼸רҲרҺòȥ˼Ŀѵˡ
ʱһʲôааģͲܣֻҪûͷˡ
ʱרҴר˹ϸ˼顣
ûˣȻһҲûУ֣̫ˡרҲ˵˵ϣȫ鲻һļҪгˣרҶЩǲǺƭԼ
˸ղǸСأרַ磬æʵ
ܹ˾ѣ˵ַȷЩµģרҶַղŵ˵ҲЩŰɣе飬ѵǹа֣аˣ
רҴһʣȴָղŵСѾˣǳǼ˲ʱѾ뿪ˡ
רҶ°˼⣬ֻܷƤгг㿴ܲܰѸղǸСӵϵʽһЩҽѧϵ
гЦڲ뵽ҪϵʽղŵǹɱƢȥˣ
гղŻЩ˼ӵĲ飬ЩרӣȻרǿַѾӣκӵĲҲûٸǺɫˡ
ֻг룬ְѵƢѹȥԼϾгԼһһжҪʱעӰ죬ɲΪԼ˵˽ԹҷƢ˵ˣרǱϾǾľԼӵģֻǱ²ûȳɶѣȴҲˡ
뵽гͺɫ˵ϣղǸһλ֮ӣĳȴǲ֮ģģ´ת飬ҪҪϵͿԼԸˣȴǲġ
ǾͶлгˡרε˵
ϣȻѾûˣǾʹԺˣ㿴𣿡רҵ˵ҽҪԺҪõרҵͬ⡣
רҳһʵھͳԺǲһ㣬ҪȻٹ۲һ죬ȷûٳԺҲǲ١
ˣھͻȥгһͷ˵
ַ뿪ʱѾг˵˵˵ĲҽԺѾ޷ƣסԺҲֻӰ˵ϢѣؼҲַȥơ
Ȼҵ¾ȥ߳Ժ֤ɡרٴε˵
ȵרǶȥӽҲŸ뿪ɫĶԶʵСַʶ
ɻгղžˣֻǸղ˶࣬ʵǲѯʡ
֣ġֻܿЦŰʶַľ˵һ顣
ԭô˵ܿڼҸ֣ǳңг˵һ˿⡣
гȻ֪ڼҸֵĴڣʵھڼҸֻλƽʱֻİȫгҲ޷λֵġ
ٴ˵˰֣ߵʱ˵˵Ĳܲ򵥣ϣ̸ܹһ̸㿴ǲǽǼҳԶٱ㷹
ҲãҲĲô£ôúõģͲˣһеаûȥʲôɾĵطͷӦ
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202 ½
Թַʵгʲô𣿡
ˣҡҡͷôûе˵ģǾˣҲûôݵģûҪԼ´˺ְɣҾԼˣҲöԼְԼǸ
ҡͷ˵ģ벻˭ôĺݶ֣һֶΡ
аΪδţҪַ磬궼֪ԼǱаˡ
ַһͷ˵ϵаӦΪµģֵֶβ̫аѾѹֻҪԺѹаûˣĻ˭Ҳа취
ַ˵ʱһҲַл
ΪմַĹ⣬ӽҲӽҲ࣬εĽУ֮ǰξֳˡ
ӽܺɵ˵ַĹ˵ڿѰ죬ﶼͬˣȻͬ⣬úõĳ賧Ӳ˵ʲôƻýҲ֪쵼ôġ
飬ģһע¡֣ص˵
ַȴҡҡͷ˵СһģС¾Ͳ鷳гˣԼͿԴãԺ鷳гĵطأҲһϡ
ֹȻɵİƽ飬ֻһ̫ţ¿ֵˣַǸǳˣɲ׷Źǡ
ַ綼ô˵ˣҲֻܴӦֻҲע⣬һҪע£ɲԿˡ
ʱˣȥ˿ɡ
ǾˡͲַȥӿַ˵ȻӦС
ȻаѾַʱѹƣ˵ȻǳҪǾ񣬲ڴϡ
ַץΧҲܻ䣬Ҳû꼸߿ֱӾͳ˵Ķͷһ
ַ翴žͲ˲õģ㿴ˡ
ַ˵ĶͷһȻһ̿һɫ屻ַ˵Ķͷ˳
һɫַĲƺ׼ߡ
ǿǹаˣҲ˻ԵסνĹаַԼ˵ȷ˵Ӧһ꣬һֲȱ꣬ΪֻΪǳ£ַֻǶþܾ׵İֻ˳
ַһɣƯڿ׼˷ͳϷȥ
гȥ׷Ϲа˭֣չ˺ˡ˵䣬ַѾ첽׷˳ȥ
ھгһһݵˣ϶ǰһͷ۵аͷݡ
ʱһ괩ǽݷɵ˵ǰ
ɻ˳һȵˣһûūôͻˣ
ֻƣ֮Ϊū
оȣ̰ץϸ鿴һ֮£ǳһūȻԼģǱ⣬ŵ¹ūзɻأʲôôܹū˭ôĵӣҹ¡
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ŶҪôأһͻȻ
˭˳һû뵽Ȼ
˳Ծվӷһ׳Լ
˭ҵĹūģݵ˾ʵ
ġַһͷ̹ȻӦ
˵ֻǳڶַʵĹ˼ɣóȻ֡
ַ絭˵˭Ȳ˵ɣҶҲͦģĸɣôꣿ
΢΢۾һȻ˵¸㣬ҳ½̣½̸ƣݺὭ˸ǣʶٹ¸ϽһһĻҲҪ֮أҪɱ㸸ĸš
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һǵ̫죬ҪѾˣֻ﷢ݶַһɱ
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һȣͷ۵аͻȻƮɫ壬·һ㳯ַ˹ȥ
ַһһȦâĻպײ˵âϣƺҽУʱڵâҷ
ʵֻ꣬겻ȴĹ׺ͻĿǣַ緢âÿ꽫Ϯ
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ַΪͿϣֻǶֶЩ棬йǲ٣ֻû뵽ܹƹ꣬ν½̿Ҳ򵥰
򵥲򵥣Ҳַʲô飬ֻҪǵԼͺá
ַղŵһУڶûӻһһĲϳ鶯ð˲ٰɫݡ
ַ첽ǰһץסǰŶ۾
ַΪĴҲԽԽǿɽ¾磬ַѾдߡ
Ӻ˫ãѾ״̬
ʲôַ֡翪ʼʡ
ҽ־
Сʱʣ־ǽ
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ӷ־ĸ׿˵Ǿȡ־ȴôΪǨŭ뵱ưļλί쵼гҲڼίеҪְ־װӵĸ֮һ־Ȼгɳˣˡ
ʵϣ֮ǰ־ѾɱʮνĳˣѾͥˣĳ֮ݶҲǿɼһߡ
ΪгҪˣԶг־رķߺޣԶԴгʱҲǸݣûһŪгҪĥ־ɱˣɱҪгɢζŪгҲ˳£гȴûµԭ
вԱУ־ɱ̫޹֮ˣڵõ˱Ӧ


203 ƻкñ
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־˵½ԭǵ̵һ֧óץаҲԾȼòΪΡ
½ķչУ½̼ۣشԭľȼò˾޼˽֮ʢУ˲ֻУ½̵ȫζˣץааˡ
½̵Ĺԭ̥ڵҾ䣬ǵڣ޴˹ҲףǼ֮ڵ½̹Ѿ˵ƽ֮רעаعѾа·һרעڿعĹ
˵ܹƽ͵¹ĳն޸ŹǰҲԳƵѧˣֻλŵ˼·̫խȴǴС·
־ȻΪߣȴǼãΪͽλ½̸ֶ簮ǳϤĽ̵һ½̵Ĺڡ
λ½̸־벻־ᱨжԳӣ벻ϻַܹ߱˵͵½̵ĹȻ䵽ַϡ
ҲַΪֹյȫһڹķ
Ϊַֹõ˪ȭķкȭķһ½ڹķ
ȭڹķǵߺŵõģֻϧԷΪ̫͵λֻͣϻżĿھ
ȭ˪ȭĹַ綼Ѿչֻϧ֪ǲʲϣַûκЧ
ȭ˪ȭڹķҲǲ༫˪ȭֱУֻҪ˪ȭڵһʱ˪ھ˵һŷǳϳ˵ڹķ
ȭֲͬˣȭʵҪ󼸺ûУֻҪֻҪҪȭһܹھ
ȭڹǾڣڵȭڣ⹦תΪڹӶھ
ȭھĲޱȻʹûھһĺȭҪ޳ھҪʮʮ֮á
˪ȭԳ֮ΪǾ޳ھȭڶֻвϴȭڴȭвھ
书˵ǸӣֻǴھĽǶ˵˪ȭھ֮ҪȺȭΡ
ȻھȲ˪ȭǺȭȴһҲ˪ȭΪȭһȭһȭģʵޱȣټϴȭǿǣȭĸʵսУȴһҲ˪ȭǻҪ˪ȭ
Ҳǵ˪λշĺȭȴܸӦԭȻǿɽ磬˪ֻʮ͵˿ɽ磬ոȴʮʱŵ˿ɽ磬֮ȻҪ˪
Ҳַõȭſھ֮󣬲ŵóĽۡ
ֻǺȭ̫һЩһͱȲ˪ȭˣ˪ȭҲиļʽ쾳磬ȭԽ쾳硣
˵˵½̵Ĺ½̵ĹΪ⡷⡷Ҳһž޹ھھȴܹ꣬ھԽǿƵҲԽ࣬ҲԽ
ھĿ֮ǿ꣬ӰεˣҲˣ֮½̵ˣҲ˸ǵġ
½̵Ҳ̫࣬ΪһҪ֮˱ܹ꣬ܿü˲ھܿꡣ
ۣҲ֮Ϊۣܹ֡
ܹӵ۵˲̫࣬½̵ĵҲ̫࣬־Ľ½̵ᳬʮˡ
ַ罫μУַַ粢أΪħʦֶοҪ
Ͼ̥ڵҵ伮ԭǵڣű֮˪ȭҲһΣַ翴صҲš
Ҫ֪һھ֮˪ȭſھҲֵо
ȻַѾһħʦǶ书ھǷǳлھַȻҲԸھ
Ȼ鶼ѾŪˣô־ҲûлŵıҪˣַ޳ޣֻˣ־ǾԲܻģһַ粻Ļϡ
ֻһ죬־ͲӾͱַϣַ罫־ʬ봢ռ䣬ϾҲû־ˡ
ַ˫ڷһɨĿʱ䵽Ǹͷ۵аϡ
ַ绹ǵøղŵǴаϷģаܹ꣬ô˵аĲˣܹƷ˵˼Ʒа
ַĽаõУһаϴ
ԪأַеĲһ˿ԪصĲаϴݳ
ַľֱ۽аڣڲַ翴һ
ףԭаƶɣɢԪزаڲһССӡ
ַһ󣬶ʱа飬ѵĵһӵַһͰӽӵС
һɫӣӳְ͸ɫ󣬺Щζ˵һӡ
һ˿ԪصĲҲǴɢ
ַһ˿ȵϲѵһʯĴڣǲǺصԪء
ż飬ַ罫͸֮ڡ
ӵڲ̲һȦϡİԪأһȦԪصĴڣЩвܴаϣһȦԪصڲһСɫȦһȦԪصľۺϵ㡣
ַ糤ĳһİ
ӵڲȻԪصģȻڵԪرʯţ궼ҪһЩֻҪԪؾͺãַǺ˾ͲһԪؾͿԽдƣһӾַܹ˳
ƻ¹ȻкñģⲻոհгȥԼ͵õñˡ
ַϲǸǲԾ
լһ飬־Ķȫߣû©ַ֮Żصг
ˣллûʲô顣ַгǳеʵ
ַһͷЦ˵ллгĹûʲô飬˵鷳ҲѾҴˣԺ󲻻ٷˡ
гԾ˵Ѿˣϸ˵˵𣿡
ַ˵ģг㻹ǵһ־𣿡
־ûʲôӡ󡣡г룬ҡҡͷ
ַٴ˵ô־ĸܸӡɣ
ˣһڼίʱİӾҸģ־Ķӣг˵
ԣ־ӣ֮־ͶǼί쵼ˣ־˻ѧһٿعı£˵긺װӵļίԱбѾ˱˺ļϵѾʮ֮ࡣ
гҲ丸׵İӣһǸˣĺҲصģԲŽɱҪɱӣɱĶӣ㳢ʧȥӺͶӵʹ࣬Űɱ


204 ħʦ
ֶΣúݶĳг૵ɫһƬҰס
һԵҲɫףɱĸףɱԼɱף־ļһ湻ġ
ϻһĸо·ǸײеɱֻվԼǰһ㡣
ַҲԽĸмַĳֿ˵Ǿȫҵ
гַҲǷǳмַĻ˵ŲɣΪ˵ϢʱѾ֪ˣֻǼķǳΣǵһֲֹˣҲֻǸп޳û̫⣬ַĻٻϢгѾȷ˿϶־
лĻҾͲ˵ˣӽĴˡгм˵
гˡַ΢Ц˵
ĵʵ־أѾץҪҪ͵ȥ
־ʵ̫ΣˣһҪص̡
ַҡҡͷ˵Ժû־ˣҲ֣ȻгҲõģٴγ˺ǡ
˼ǣɱҲǸˣһַĻ˼ˡ
ַȴЦҡҡͷ˵ӿˣڵķᣬôɱأ־ȥˣҲֻ֪ܱ֤ڳ־ͶˡгҲϣµΪֹͲҪ׷־ˣûɡ
û⣬Ͱ˵İ졣гԥĵͷ˵
г˵ҸղѾԹ˾İӴкˣ˾ѺְԱһùĶԴȥʱӦþͿԼˡ
ַȥ׷ʱг֪ͨȻԴټ˴ɳﱣ˳Ȼַ˵гæгҲ֪Щǲܵģ벻Էӡȫͬ
гڷǳңԼĹȻǳȷǷǳֵԼȥύģܹҲԼˡ
˾Ͷлгİæˡַл˵
Ȼ˵ַԼҲ԰ӽǴټ˻᲻ɳԿͷĲ˵ˣȻ˳ԵƤ֮ҲνܰǱͳһ飬Ҳ˵гҲǸˣֵýύ
˵ʮӣַŸȥԾİͳС
·ϣַ絹ԼʶĹ̡
ַЦЦ˵ǵǵһڰɣʱǸ갡
֪ˡһû뵽ڰַ絥ǹʹ飬Ȼַ֪ˡ
ţʱڰһöǺ˵ĻҶˡַЦ˵
ЦԲʱедౣ
ַЦ˵İɣȻ˵£ôҾûаϣĻһ£
һͻȻðһϸܵ亹Һõûеַ簡ȻĻ˵ַ᲻ᱨǼҰɣֻҪַڽԹۣһӾҪˡ
뵽ϵ˵ллģԺ󲻻ˡ
ַһͷ˵кܶﲻģһ̣û
ǣллĽ̻塣Ͽҵ˵
ַЦЦȴʵ˵Ҷϴ˵飬ͦģʲôݣʲôô£
ԳĽ͵ʵģӵû¸ɾϲ˽ĶǵĶĶͶĲƲһǶ϶ʤ涷ӥߣȭֻҪģǶģжĵҲϲľǴȭˡ
˶٣˵ίǶȨĶӣ֪һȭ֣εĺȭӮȥ⼸κȭǰǼˣǮҪӣϴ˵رҾȥǸȭ֣ҪܰѶԷˣǾٺò˶ԷμӲ˺ȭһɸӳ֣˵Ӯġ
Ϊ£ǿ湻ĵġַҡҡͷ
ַٴҡͷҺûĶĻӮûҵĺùӳԵģҪԷӮ˾͵ڵίǵĹӣôҳԿ
֪ˡһ
ȰַͳСŴַĳŻصС
ӻʵѾȥ˰ɡ
ǵİְ֣ͳȥġ˵
궣ţǳ򵥣ԺҪùϵǧҪ
֣֪ġͷӦֲֻ֮ĵʵ֣˵Ǹ־ȥˣӵ𣿡
һҡͷ˵˵ôֱ䱿ˣ˼ûѾû־ˣ־Ҳٳˣʲô˲ܲϣֻ˰
ô˵־Ѿɱˡȵ˵˵ɱˣﻹ
ζĸӣЩԼ֪ͺãֶκܲ򵥣ǧҪˡ

뿪Сַ֮ŸԴٴ绰绰ȻѾͨˣԴټѾ˳ֻǶ˭͵ǣǼ˻ϡͿ
ַһԴ˼䣬Ź˵绰
ȻԴٵ˵İȫܹͳϾǺ¡
µ绰ַרĿСʱ֮ǵԼҵı
˵Цⶰַ֮ڱסָûСֵڱסࡣ
ַʱССڴߺ߹ȭ˶ڵһзǳϧַķԸһ˿ִУַ˵ȭǹȻҲǾĵȭ
ַСֵЩ죬ǷɿĽеϰ塣
ţǼɣһطˡַһͷҲ˲Ϻ𻰣˶¥ҡ
ϰôˣ
ʲô°ɣǼȭ
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ֵֹܰ䣬ּѧȭ
ַصңҵķ䷴غãŴӴռóһаڵӡ
ַٴμһȷȷԪصĴڣİٴ봢ռ䡣
ַƽԼ飬ڴϥڤķʽ״̬óӣƽĿʼڵԪء
ԪصգַѾǳСʱڵԪؾͱַһ
ԪϣַǺڵһâҲ׳һַ֣ĶħһâҲħһâǺ˺ݺݵײ˹ȥ
һ죬һâһսһǺڱϣ¡УǺڱںȻ顣


205 ʥħ֮
ַ΢΢һЦڽħʦ磬ڴ˴νãֻĽָоһƬƽ
ǵģԭ͸һƬƽģǽħʦѣԭһƽ֮£͸ƽĶԴ
ַͻȻһָоƺԼľڻ㱼䣬һ硣һϲַ﷢ź
ԣһźǻþַɫȻһ䣬Ȼһźں̵ܶھͽˣǽľַѰҵһźټһźǴַԺ
ַѸٵķӦоԼԺѸٵҵһźԴͷ
ַ޷ԼԺȻƯһźɫˮƬһϲźǴźɫˮƬ﷢ġ
һˮƬַһϤĸоƺˮƬ
ַˣǼˮƬլԺĵضڳˮƬħʦᡤȶ˹յᾧƬ
ƬȻûбȫգǳΪƬ
찡ȻһħʦƬ
ڶħʦη壬ַɫѾЩˡ
ַȻħʦжôǿ󣬶ħʦȻԼԺһԼԺ﷢ַûȥֹŷַ꣬ҲᱻħʦҲᱻռݡ
ԣġ
ַȻħʦ֮ڽԼԺĵһʱͰԼ飬ͰԼռݣΪûô
ǲôǲô
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ôҲ˵겻ܻԼ꣬ӲռԼˣ
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һƬܵķǳɣַľҪ㿪ˣƬȴ©һ㣬ַԺﰡַĵַ̣ռƣַԵƬΧ
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ַҲû뵽ľɫʱһɫⷢһֶʵͱַľַ羫һ֣һɫַ֮ľ֮УȻĪĴһɫĺ⡣
һģļ䣬Ҳַ֮ľӿ
ַ鿴ɼ䣬ʱ»ȻԭַħʦƬʱ򣬲ûнƬյеһɼƬʧַԺԶ
ƬȻʧȥ˼䣬Ƭлһ˿ħʦԣһ˿ԵĴڣ֪ԼΣգԶԺ֪ʲôôֻǱˣȻַܿľԺ
һ˿ԲǼĴڣħʦǰϲŭ֣ħʦȻַ緢֣ܵĵصϾַԺϵĶַӰ죬ϵĶַɸı䣬Ӱ͸ı䶼ᱻַ
Ҳַڻħʦļ֮仯ԭ
ַΪħʦʱַľõʱǡƬڵӦַϲԾķϲõűַĴڣҽҵ
һ͵ļ䲻ͬħʦһһԣһַ֣һַ֮ľΪȻûлǾʵȴõı䣬øʵҲ̡
˵ַ֮ǰľһϸɳôַڵľһʯȻûʲô仯ʵȴˣϸɳʯ
ջ񲢲ˣ䱦ǿſտҲƬ
ַѾˣƬɲħʦַƬô򵥡
ַһֱһ⣬ħʦǷǳǿ󣬿ħʦҲ˵ķ룬ûǿܹڴڵĴڣôΪʲôƬھռĳܻ֮ΪƬ궼޷뿪³ڱ֣Ƭȴ±ã˵Ѿħʦľ硣
ħʦϣʵһ˵еĵȼǾʥħҲ֮Ϊʥħʦ
ʥħʦǴ˵еĴڣ˵еʥħʦӵһǿһ޵еǿܹ飬Ҳš顯Ϊڴϵ顣
ʥħʦǳϡ٣ڳΪ˵ʹڵʱʥħʦҲǧûгֹˣڶħʦǰʥħʦһִ˵һֽĿꡣ
ֻеһħʦ֪ʥħʦ϶Ǵڵģܹʥħʦżɾ޷ĴţеĶħʦ޷Խǵϡ
ᡤȶ˹֮ҪھռͨռݣΪԿռͻƣﵽͻƣ޴ΪڿռڣԼԸɹĽʥħʦ
ֻϧҲΰҲΣȻռʹõΪʥħʦǿռȴҲѵУһֱ
֮ǿȴҼǰԸھռǿͨǲܾ߱ģֻб֮Ϊʥħʦ
ֻǿҲ޷ֿʱյʴȿռͨʱ򣬵ǿҲ֮ѣټ͵һɲǣֱϵĿռų⣬굱ˣ󲿷ֵ궼ţֻҲһƬַգҶַԺ
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ƬҲԱ֮Ϊʥħ֮꣬ǿʥħʦƬȻֻһƬѣΪ̫ǿƬͬ߱˼ħʦǵ䱦Ǳ
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ȻѾָʧûȫָֻǵַӵ֮ƥʱʥħ֮꣬ĸԭ
ˣʥħ֮Ҳʼչֳַ羪ϲķԼľΪѾбһλףħʦΪַ磬ȴӵħʿľ


206 ؿ
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ַٴβ鿴ԼľΪӶóµĽۡ
ʥħַ֮ľȷǿ˲٣ǽӽħʿĳ̶ȣǺħʿȻһЩġ
ַ粢ʧΪַ緢֣Ȼûдﵽħʿôǿ෽ȴõ˸ĺô
һǾԣַľȫע뵽ʥħ֮ڣǶԷľʥħĲΣĻԷ޷鿴ַľΪ
ڶǿԣڶ͵һԭһģΪѾʥħ֮꣬ԳǶԷľΪʥħ֮꣬Ļ޷ַľκӰ죬Ϊʥħ֮ˣַʩչħЧ
֪ʥħڹ½Ѿǧûгֹˣַʥħ֮͵еľħ
ˣַľʥħ֮ǿ֮ǰľʵܹʵʻӶﵽЧʵʻľܹտҲܹɱˡ
ַ罫ʥħ֮ü֮תо۵ĴħʦǺˡ
ħʦɫǺˣڵǺ˱֮ǰȦܹɸħҲָܹ֧ǿʩж
ɫǺ˱ܲһɫĹ˿Щ˿ͺһŴһ㣬Ǻְ
µǺûһɫ˿ģһ˿ԪصֻʹԪؼŻǺ˱棬۳һ˿
һ˿ƽʱʱ򲻻һãһʼǽ㿴ϡɫ˿ͻ赲Ǻ˵飬ýԳɹ
ĪַԴ⣬ֻܰԪصһˡ
ҺԲ޷ƽ⣬ֻҪʯеԪؾͻǺһɫ⣬ͿԻƱɫ˿ǺˣӶɹ
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Ǻڵħ֮һӣҪַӵħʦļ䣬֪Ĵħʦӵôħ»಻еĲࡣ
ֻܲԾȻַոսħʦ磬ڵħҲӦֵŶԣô٣
Ҫ֪ǺڵħֻӲ٣ħᱻģȴ᱾ϵļ٣Ϊٵħ޷ָģħΪĽֻܴͣͷʼٴܰѼٵħ
Ǻڵħֵֻ൱ħʦھ磬Ҳ͵ַ֮ǰ򶼰׷ѵˡ
̫ԾˣѾΪħʦ磬ħΪôܼ٣ħֻžӣôž٣
ַ粻ŵҡҡͷͶȥһϡٵħУ鿴Եɡ
ԭˣַ羪ϲİһĻȻ
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ħɸԪ۶ɣħĹУʣ͵ħʵز⣬ħʦǺܳ󣬲֡
ħʦҲ֪ħľǻֱӰ쵽ʩЧģҪᴿħȴһѵ飬Ҳֻеħʦħᴿһ㣬ħᴿ̶ҲǷǳޣһʱһǳ顣
ַǺڵˣħûļ٣ֻǺ˵ĹУħҲͬʱᴿħᴿ֮ȻҲ
ħȻˣȴȥˣħʦ˵ȴһѵõĺ飬ʹַʩͬĴħʦһЩ
ַͻȻֲõĸоϥ½ڤ룬Ƭַ̺ץץͷΡ
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ַҲ֪ЩԪصʯͷӦýʲôֻϴ嶾ŵĵ˵ǿţΪʯַ˳ˮҲͰһʯͷ֮Ϊʯˡ
ʯкƷʺܸߵԪأֻҪһʯܹڶʱΪΪ;
ַֽĿͶǺ˱һɫ˿ϣصԪأԽĺˡ
ԭΪǺ˱Ԫصֻ赲֪ħᴿַ֮ȴôΪˣħᴿЩԪصĹͣԪ֮νǺ֮⣬²ΪֹΪħᴿ
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ַʼӡӡ֮⿪
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ַҲܣΪĿռ̫СˣȻһһĿռ䣬ַǲܶģ⴦ռûеƹ⣬ҲǳϡַƬ̾͸оܲ͸Ͻһɫ˿һ˿򿪣ַ˳˳
ַ֮ǵɫĿٴκ£һκ£ķǳףûɫ˿ǴռѾ޷ٴδ򿪡
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ؿ˿ٿռ⣬һ÷ռ䣬ҲǲؿҪ;
ַ룬ӴռóһöָöָǴϼŵıտģһö׽䡣
ַ䣬ϵİͱ¡ħ䷢ɫĹԣɫĹԽ׽ȫһ֮ɫĹ˻صͱ¡ħ䡣
ַ罫׽ٵǰϸ׽βûκα仯ֻıһϸܵķ·һɫϸơ
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һǴռ̫СڶǴռڵʱֻ̫̣ж̶һµʱ䡣
ҲзԽؿĿռСַʵģȵַΪٴؿĴռҲ
ڴռĴʱ䣬ʹߵʹ÷йˣؿĴװֻܱһµЧڣʱ䵽ˣװеĲؿͻʧһװҲʧȥ˴ΨһⴢװʧЧķΪװ
һ޷ԲؿвģֻоάֲؿУʱһľ뵽װУͿԱ֤ؿȻҲͿԳʹˡ
ȻûƵĴװôãǲؿȴװԴĻôװ
òؿװʱ򣬻ַ籾ħַĿǰħֵ״̬¿ʮöָϻħٶ൱죬һħθû⣬Ҳ˵ַһͿʮöָ
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̾һǺܼᶨ˵ʲôҪҳĵط뾡˵ģܰһæֻˡֱԣţǺǿƣһ϶ܿˣҲֻܾܲܰæҲûס
֮ǰ֪繫˾Ƕַ翪ǻˣȻѾַ֪Уô˵ʲôҪַġ
ַȴЦ˵Ҿæģæһˡţе㶫ȸ㿴һ
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Ҫǽίϣǽгϡ
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ĿǰսչʮƽףҿԱսͬʱڣսʱҲԭ2Сʱ2002Сʱ400ֱӷһ
Ҳ˵ʵй2СʱսѾȹİСʱСʱַܹѧϰļܡ
սвõħģսħ޵ģ͵ڿսﲻϽİٸСʱħϰַյħʱһʧȥ
ڿްַ֮ĿǰܹѧϰϵħԼ󲿷ԪħٻħҲҲַһС֡
ϵħѧͽħʦ磬һŵħַĿǰѧϰеľŸŸϵħѾա
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գҲϵħʦ͡
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͹ϵȣˮҪ΢һЩҶԲ֢ЧˮֻЧˮҲûеŵ㣬ˮƵͬʱ岹ʧȴǹϵ߱ġ
ٻħУһԪٻʱԵٻԪعΪԼս
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ϵٻǶԱˮϵٻһˮˮ㣬ϵٻһȷ޿ǣϵٻһȻ޻ͻϵٻһȱ޺Գϵٻһߡ
ֻԪٻΪԱȼߣģϵԪޣԵĻ»вͬı֣˵ȼ߾һϵٻҲǶص;ġ
ˮϵˮ㣬ˮˮսԪ߱ģϵĻͻӻ˺ڻжҲԪȴ޷ġ
Ԫٻ޵ս̫ߣҪ𵽸սĿģԪ޵ȱÿٻʱ൱ķħҴʱȽ϶ݣһԪֻܴʮӣԪ޴ʱԳһ㣬Դڶʮӡ
ԪҲŵ㣬ǲʲôΣյսܽԪȥս׼ûԪҲٻһֻûˡ
Ԫٻ޻һصٻʱֻٻһֻֻһֻڣٻַһֻʱֻеȵֻԪٻޱٻٻڶֻԪٻޡ
ַŰۣ֮͸ۣ֮ħӡǡ
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ַ֮ǰѾѧᣬֻǾһεľ֮󣬴һ㡣
ڻۣ֮˲þ򱯻ϲʩ߾
ħӡһ׷ħֻҪħӡǴڶԷϣ͵ڱһ׷һڣԷ㲻ַ׷١
ַ罫µɹˣµȵѰħʦʮĿޡ
ǰѾͷ޵һ̸˻ƽչˣַ죬ŰħɣŶǰױǡ
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ַ߹˽̸ܿ˵ĽеˣַҵĽܿˣǺڸҹġ
ܿ˵ЩƿڣöڸǼҽ֡
ַЦһͷƵ˵ýܿˣҾַ硣
̫ˣҵһСʱˣھͿ𣿡ܿ˸˵Ľе
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ܿ˴ַȴû߳һͨ½˻ܵ
·ϽܿѾַ˽ͣӻڸֵĿҪʮСʱʱ̫ˣڶԿ˵Ŀڸֳһֱַ硣
˽ܵڽܿ˵Ĵ·¹ȻͣƺϿһֱ
⻹ǽһγֱŵԽԽԶоͦģַҲôˣԺ޽ʱһҪͣƺϼֱʹãǲ֪ʲ˽˹ֱ
Сʱֱɻ˽Ͽ䡣
Ŷ찡ǵˣˡܿĿŵĽеַЦЦҲӻýܿ˸оһȤ
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ַ룬Ҳ˵ֵΰǺܲõģǽûôɭϵرͱ˰ˡ
ֱڽɽµһǰĿյ
롣ֱܿһָǰı˵
ΧкܶǹʿѲߣ̨ػǹڴſڴ
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˿֮һʿ˵ݣϼһ飬ǽܿҲûбŹҲǱϸļһ顣
ȷ˵ݺû֮˲ű
ӭӭַӭĵһ˴ӱſӭ˳
֣˵ҽܣַ֪λϺ˾Ǻڸֽˣаźڸ֡
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вҺȲ衣ַ˵
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209 ƽ
ַȥ⿴ƽһĻƽԼʮ֣ÿ˻ƽ200Ԫֵһڡ
ϷǵĻƽǱչʽ۵ģƽ۸񲢲ȹڵأڸ˽˽󣬶ַǴڲɹԸŻݵļ۸
ַصͨڸṩĵԸָһڴָĻͷ
ַķǳ졣յϢڸֿĵĴЦ
Ҳһڸ졣ַЦ˵
ڸͣЦݣɫַҶΪǳ棬Ҳ֪ΰǷǳʧٸǺ飬ΪʲôҶһôĻƽ㲻𣿡
ڸ涺ڸֵĵϣΪĹ˿ͣ˭ҶңѵڸԼ𣿡ַЦҡҡͷƺźڸֻԸԼһʵϷǽǳ֮࣬ѡڸһǺڸֵĻƽ࣬ڶǺڸֵãﹺƽʡȥٵ鷳
ַ˵ڸ֪õģҲԭ֮һֻһһǰȴ޹أҸԭֻһҶԼʵǳţƬϣûܹҡ
˵ַϳһǿţ֤Լ˵ĻŲɡ
ڸֵɨһ˿мĳЦ˵ҺڸֵǾԿԷĵģҵĵԲ£ǳҵĵɾͲ˵ˣұһ䣬źܶ˽δ֪ǿܶԿģ㻹ԴıȽϺãӵ007һ֣ܷȫĴƬ߳ȥҲ֪ء
ڸǺãҲǽڶԷӵӦʵĻϣַһˣһżֵһڵĻƽ𣬺ڸֲĶˡ
ַȻЦڸλͬ鶼һгɣ׼һϻǴһһ˵Ķ֡
ڸһʼûַʲô˼ȵ׹һ
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Ҳߣڸɫһ䣬ܿͷӦֻ߲ܷߡ
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һͳƣߣĵĹߣɣߡʦŷĶʿĽͷʦȵȶͳΪߡ
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ַƣž죬һɫڿپۼۼǿΧļ˿ðľ
ڸַֿҲǷǳɵĽ͵ĹǳЧ׵ȴ޷޵ĵֵַչֵպÿƺڸֵĽ
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ڸʶһϷɿĻһϲЦݣЦ˵ַ˵̫ˣǺ죬ĽȻҲУûоǻƽر࣬ҪƽĻܺ˵һˡ
Ŷô˵ĻڸĿϻлƽˣһԼٹƽ𣿡ַһһЩƽ𣬱ϾһҲ㣬㹻Ļƽ֮´ξͲˡ
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ַҪȥڸֵüëʱصľᵽһһԥò⡣
ڸֿˣ˶źڸ΢ĵ˵ͷƺ֮Уͬ˺ڸֵ
ڸֽüͷ˿ַ˵֪иطлƽ𣬵ʻƽȴá
Ŷַͣ½ŲͷҲصĵ˵ڸ˵ȥ
ڸֲԥɿ˵Ǻڸֽһͷȴԭҿ˵ƾУǲ֮ǰȴ֪뵽һλܸ֣˺һҲ׵ϵߣ׵ϵܹǼ˵ܣرҵĽƵġ
εУǶ˴֪ȴǲŹǵģҳ۴ƽ׼ֽ뿪ط⡣
ĳҸı뷨Ҳϵߣܱ͵ģֻҪ˶ԷǾͿԹռȴ³֮ȴĴƽֱӽһǿٷһǲԿġ
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ƽȣһʲôΪʲôҪһĻƽ𽻸ƽȣַʵ


210 Եķ
ƽȣһʲôΪʲôҪһĻƽ𽻸ƽȣַʵ
Ҫ֪һĴƽҲʮ֮࣬ôĻƽ޳ϽνĻƽȣǲ̫˷һЩ
ַ֪ˣӦû˵ƽȣʦͽ͵ƽϷĵȫĽ󶼱ռݣ쵼ҲܵƽȵĲٿأ򵥵˵ǻƽȵĵ̣ҪȥͱػƽָĹ򡣡
ͻƽȣǾǴµСϣһžͿ԰ǲȵ֧飬ƶĹǲҲ
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ʦ֣ص˵ǱػƽȶµĹ򣬷Ļǵ˻ƽȣĺܲҵġ
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ŷַɹûˣ̽ȴ󣬵Э飬ַһĻƽ
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211 
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ϣڸ˾ʹַȥȴ
ȴΧһСɽϣڸָǰ䱸ɭϾӪ˵ȴ󡣡
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̽յƵַ翴óȴҪȺڸֽĹģҪһЩȴĻƽҲҪȺڸֽҪ
һ󰡣ԴԴϵĳƽΪַԴԴϵṩҪԴַռнԸҲӵǿˡ
ڸֵʵҵĴģ޷˳ɧȴ޵Ķ˳ԽΧʮڵȫټȻ˳޷ȴǻһȴ㹻ģŻҵʱͿǱȴ󡣡
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˲ŵĿУַһֻɫߣס󣬾ʹҡڵ˽š
ʲôˣվס˽أٲվסǾͿǹˡַڿŵʱ򣬴ŵ̷ַ磬̶еĲǹ׼ַ硣
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ħʢеĹ½ַľܹ飬ҲûôģΪڹ½кܶԸֶΣħ磬ħװڵϾͲһˣûжԸŵֶΣַľ鼸޷ƽ⣬ˮѾÿܡ
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ߺ֮ʵǧΪĲͬսʽĲͬսܵĲͬʹͬһȼߣսҲġ
ߵĵĹ߾ǺǿһִڣΪ߶деģϵͳĴ֮ĵӣȻǷ
֮սˣȴδϹҲűߵıЩͨ˲ûܵߵ˺
Ȼߵﵽһ߶֮ҪԼǷһǳѵ飬ַܼ˵ͱˣû֤ݵ£ַң⣬ߵΣ֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
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˵˼䣬ɫһ䣬Ȼµ绰˵ϰ壬һߵļһﴳˣղѾ˱ſڣѾˡ
͵ӣŭ˵һߵļһﴳˣҵЩʿأǶǰôûǹû˿ǹ𣿡
¹Źֵ˵ʿģǶΪĿˣûʿѾڱſ˯ˣҵע⣬Ƿ˾
ҲоԾˣ˵ʿټܶԷ˭ҶҪɱ
ʱűƿַ˽ýˣѾˡ
ʱѾ侲ʵ˭


212 һ
ʱѾ侲ʵ˭
ַĿڷɨһȦ䵽ϣ˵ǿ
Ҿǿ˭ٴʵַĲ١
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ˡַҲǾĿ⣬ʩʩȻߵɳ
ˣ֪ʲôط𣿡˵Ҳǳ˾ʲôԲڶ֡ҿڼʵǳţԼηԷ
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˴֮ЦˣЦʵ̫ЦˣҪǰѽ޳Ľ㣿ҪΪ£ΪԼ˭֮𣿡
ַҡҡͷϧ˵ô˵ǲͬˣôأʲôְַĿͶ˷ļϡ
һˣ˴֣ߣȥ֮⻹ߡ
ֵַܣòͬȻѵõ˫̥֡
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ֵܵһİӣַľڰӵɨϸоһԪصĲӦþ¼ϵߡ
ٹȥһͷͷźͲһë񣬾ȻҲһʦ
һ߷ǳĹŹ֣ȫɴֻ¶һ۾¶ļǳ֣ǺɫļǼԣͺһ߸ʬľ
ɴ˵ϣַоһɰԪصĲʲôߣ
ַʻ༸˶ǲɫ¶һּɵı飬ֵֻܸŹЦˣǲвˣǻóʵ̫Цˣȫ֪Լں˭˵ɣ
ַҡҡͷ˵˼ûҲ֪ں˭˵ڸѡҪôɱҪôһ¡
̫ͻȻˣҪһʱǰɡЦƺͳĴ㣬ֻ˵ͬʱȴһ޵ƣߵĵİ䡣
ַɨǼһۣ˵ҵһ䣬ҲϲǹָţжҽȡҪĴʩ
һǿɲǱŴģɲΪַͱŵĲҶ΢΢һ٣̰ǹ˳
ַεһҡͷͬʱָ̧˿ٵĵ£Լ֣ͬһʱ䣬˵ĶͷϱѪ
ϵħ׶׶ӵкܲʩٶȺǿĴ͸÷׶ɱˣֱӸޣҸӵĽʡħ
ȴ׼˰ǹʱ̴һ֡
ȴĺü㣬ַ֪ʲôַıѾ˿㹻ľ裬ڽǣпǹܿǹɹ񣬿϶ַܹӰ죬ͬʱٶ֣ܹһٳɹ
ֻǿҲû뵽Էֶ»ûǹͱԷɱˣֻʱͣҲǲܵ飬һʼ
̧ƶſһնһεķоͳַնȥһϵߡ
ͬʱҲַַɱ˹ȥ
ַĺֵڼ̵ʱڰγĴ󿳵һ迳ַ翳˹ȥ
˶ǰһĪĿ־УͺɽèϻȻҶèƶɽèԶԶϻĶ֡
˾Σյĸо
ȻоַΣգʱȴҲǲܵ飬ûκγɣ˫һ飬һִͳּ䷢ַȥ
ֵķǳƽֻǲ֪ʲôʱжһľȣַӶľȣ鷢ˣһɺɫľﳯַƮȥ
ʦĹʽö
һߣɴʱҲŷ˹ĹʽһĹ죬һɫӰӷ·һӺɴ˵Ľ³ַٵ˹ȥ
Ѿǰ¶һ˿ЦݣԼ˵Ĺ£Ļ˱ɣԲеԸӣƾһҲҵĽⲻ
˵ΧַӦԴʩ򵥶ޣһ˲ƶ֮⣬ڶ㿪ͬʱַеķȡ
׹
ַʩȵĶһɫС̫Ȼǿ⣬÷̽ʧ״̬
ʱźһ򿪣һͷ˸ĺڱһֻɫСӴ򿪵ķź˽
ַͰѻ޺Ԫٻ˷ڷ⣬͵ȴʱϮ
Աһͳſ˹ȥŵ춯˿˵עǿֻƾожܣֻԱٶǿܹ㿪ģԵĸоһֻԼݺݵ˹Ϊ׼巽λֻܱܵʩչϵܽеֵ
ǽһԼǰһ͸ǽڣ˶ԱײǽϷ˵һ죬ǽ΢΢˻ΣԱȴ˦˵ϡ
ԱҲûˣҡҡԴܿվƹǽɱȥ
ԱĹʽǽսڹ֮леЧƶٶȺ͹ٶȶǳ죬ַ£ܺõİɧߵĽɫ༸ֻܹԱûַ硣
޺ҲַΪԽ׳˶ڵĺѾӵ׳ͣͳķһУһ⣬Ƿϵħ׷ٴһ⣬ˮϵħˮ֮ܡ
ͬһ͵ħ޷ظʩչͬ͵ħ໥ӡ
ͺħܣʩչֲͬԵħܣǿʩչһħܣʩһħ׷
޺˸ɫâһֱ壬ݺݵײǽϣһ죬ײǽϳƣͱ޺ײˡ
һҲҷˣֻܽеӳֵǽ֮УԱ֤İȫ
ʱʧټֻٻ޵ǣƣʹֻԱ˲ùַ硣
ڻйģʣֵܡ
ַʱҲˣʧ״̬ܿͻתһָԸǿɾͲôˡ
ַĬĬʩԼһ֮ܣղŵķ֮˲ƹбʱ֮ƽѾʧҪ¼ӳħܡ
˲ƶһֿռŤḶ́ƶУһʩжһħӳϵħЧᱻжϣԼӳֵħҲʧʩ
ַ֮ܵļӳѾǳˣ׶ܼӳʱ˺ֵܵע⣬ֵܴһַ׷˹
ַ粻ٶܣȵĶٴξۼħһǿĵڷϾۼ׷ס


213 ʤ
ˣ
İѴ󿳵ȺĿַ֮ϣ׶ܱĵѺۣܵ˲䣬׶ԶĵСŵ׵ſ䵽˺ֵܵϣǵ˿ȥ顣
׶ܵԾܵʱԶ
׶ܷ绹߱ɱ׵ĹЧ壬ڶݵʱöԷʧȥж
׶Ȼס˹Ǿ޴ȴǰַ˳ȥѾ㹻ˣַеħѾɣһⷢһ˵ؿڡ
ƴǿ˵ؿڶ罹ˣ߶ûһ͵ȥ
磡
ʣµһ˱ߵĺһȻ۾˫ͨ죬᲻ֹֻģĿַķλ
Ҫɱ㣡
˴һһأذ屻һŵǴ¶һҲԼٶȳַɱ˹
սʿַǳݣҪַζǼ鷳£ζַҪԸɾɶˡ
ˡһ죬ѿٴصĿ׶ϣ׶ܵѺѾڸղűħ֮Զ޸ͬѺۣͬҲ׵˳ſ䵽˺սʿϡ
һκϴβͬսʿһϵ𣬾Ȼס׵Чһٴοַп׶ܵķһĿ׶ϣһ׶ܾȻˡ
ַͫһϵֻܲݲݵķȥҲֻ֪һܲ𵽻ɱЧ
͵һ죬սʿڻ׶ܵͬʱϵĵؿڣ˳ȥ
صĺսʿ΢΢£ŴȻվؿѾһƬƣһðŵḷ́ǿȴֻһ˺ǿˣ廹ڷ飬޷
ղһȻǲִٷȥģ׵ȻǳǿǴڴϣҲõˣȻǿվţɴ˿ɼǿ̶Ƕôˡ
ַľһֱڹעȫҲע⵽صĺ˲ûֻ˼أ
Ҫɱǿ˵׾٣ֻɱʲôãַһ˵绹ûֻҪڴӦЧңҿԾ
ģԸ⣬Ը⡣սʿȻûпǣͷɿ˵ֻҪܾȸҪʲôԸ⡣
ҩˮȥַ֤һƿҩˮԼһ룬ʣµİƿҩˮ˺˵ϡ
ҩˮֻкһƿȫЧƿЧɾͲҪˣַ˵ֻܱ֤˿ɾͲôˣҲַۡ
ַ粻ȥֵܺܵɿΪԼһ֮ܣַһȦɫĹȦ
ϵħУ֮ȻûЧķȴҲΪǿġ
޻ںͿϾԱԱҲòȥ˴˺ۣۿžҪɢˡ
˿Ҳ򵥣˵׵ܼΪ٣ַ绹ҪһЩÿ˷綼ܻԱԱ޷ܣĹǿټԱ׵ԵĹԺǿԶ˺ߡ
ɴ˵ӰӹҲԱ˺ܴ鷳ӰӹٶȲ̫죬ÿʮܹһΣÿιʱ򶼻ǱԱԣȻȻΪӰӹ﹥Ա
رǱ仯ӰӾܵʱ򣬸ԱܴĴ˺ҺӰӹﲻֳܱãֻӵһ֮һ֮ӰӾͻʧֻٵʮ룬ܷ
ľǴʦˣĶ̹ԱЧ֪ԱԪֻԪؾ綾ܶ˺ͨĶҩô˺ֻ˵ʦĶ
ʦĹֶξǷŶһŶЧͳд͵ˡ
ʦĹֶεĲеˣǷֶȴҲԱû
ʦķֶηǳر𣬾ȻǰϵĶȫһȦڵһȦϵë̸𣬾ͺ̵Ĵһ㣬Լ
Աȥ̵ĴʦʦϵĶë̫Ϭ׵ľͰԱƻˣԱҲûֻĹˡ
ԱԭͱʵֻٶȿͲټ۾𣬿嶫ܹǾҪӮȴҲǲܵġ
ԪϵٻŵǲҲԷٻǲǿ𵽵Ǹսá
ֻԱҲ˺ۣۿžͼֲ˶ʱˣַʱպöԸϺֵܣսš
ַ£Աٹ˼ɴˣȫԸˣַһ׳źɴ˴ȥ
˵ʵַͺֵܵսֻں̵ܶʱڣô̵ʱڽֵܣַսúɴҲߵ뷨
ֻʱߣȴеˣַѾֱӹ˹
ɴ۾ˣֻԺĿоϮʱжҲѾ̫ˣֱӺ˺ɴ˵ؿϣֻǻ֮ǰðһ㵭ĺڹ⣬Ȼһ׵˺ڹִ̫ⷢ٣Ͳȫֿ׵˺ǿ׵˺£ɴƺһ͵˹ȥ
Ե˺ɴ˵һƺߣԥ̸ͶԸ¡
ַҡҡͷķϼħ
ħĴСħĴСԼħԪضйϵԼħԽյԪԽ࣬ôħҲԽǿ
ַ׵Ѿ൱ԿʩҲʩʩΪù˼ħԪصڼ̵ʱڰħȥͬʱΪħСԪظ٣ħǿ
ַ֮Ѿﵽ׵ļޣһָˣһǿͳɱ˹ȥ
ϵߣͲַ׵ľۼʱ׵ϵ˫־£ǰۼһɵ绡ɵĶơ
ϵߵķֶΣ绡ܡ
׺˵绡ܵϣһ죬绡֮˺ѣҲ֮µĵȫ˵ϡ
ʣ֮һĵҲһɲСӵ˺׵к̻ľƺһ׵ߣ׵ķҲǳߣһû̫ܵ˺
ʱԱ˹˸ŵצӺݺݵ˵ĺϡ
˲ҽһһѪ˳һ˲ᡣ
Աһѽ˵ڵأһֻ˸ŵķצӣôвʮķŵ˵Ĳϣһ䣬ҲҶˡ
ַĿ֮䵽ʦϣʦĹֶöֶǰϵëϣöϵë·һķ
˵ʵֶΣַϲˡ
ַȣ̾ۼһű⣬3룬ϵűַ˴ʦëϣڻĿѸըͣγһ޴ļѴʦ档
ϵħ
Ȼ޷㹻Ѵʦһʱˡ
ھʣһˣϵ߿


214 Լ
ַ빥󣬿ǽ̾ͱ򱬣޺һײѿײǽϣ޺֮󣬾ͺһС̹˳ײ˹عǵʱͱײ⻹ַԵʣĻȫײĻ޺԰ѿײ
Ըַ֮ϥڤָղսĵħ
Ƭַָ̺ϣʩʩȻվڷɨһۣƽ˵һΣԸԸ⳼ңҵ֯Ϊ£ҪٻشΪֻһѡĻᣬڶλὫǵ±ӡ
ǵһͨģ̽еԸ⣬Ը⳼Ϊ¡
ĺԼ˵˭ɶûϵֻҪΪԼ㹻Ϳˣܵв£Լѡʮȷ
ҲԸ⡣һɳƵַ糯źɴ˿ȥû뵽ڶԸ˻Ʋദĺɴˣַ벻ǣɴ˾ȻǸŮˣȻɳƣȻһŮ
ַɴ˵Щ棬ܹԸԼҲַǳϲ
ҸֵԸ⳼㡣ȹַҩˮ󣬱ĺ˸תܵͬ˴¡
ܺáַһͷĿŵ˿ϣ˵ôľأ
ı粻գգ۾ɥ˵ʤˣԸ⳼
˶ȣƽЩҲͱˣȱסԼС˵ֻҪܹôͻзĻᡣ
ʣ»һʦסˣַʱҲų
ȻѾѡôͰԼǩ°ɣǿԿԼݣǩֵĵطֻдԼַ֡һ˶һԼᣬݾӢд˿к塣
Լ壬дûйϵҪдʱҪд߽עУԼȻɡ
õԼһϻֶⶫЧ
ַȻ˵ûǣеľǰлĹŴƶɣһ˫ǩ֣ҲеĹ򣬷ĻҲܵΥԼĺԼԣҪĴۣǵ
֮˭Ҫ˳ģڻüַ˵̧˷ȣȵĶϿʼһɫĵ⣬ַ˼ԣ˭Ҫ˳˭ȥ
ұʡɳƵٴһǺɴӦС
ãʡַѹעħѪҺĸֱʶ˹ȥ
ɴ˽ӹֱʣһԥھǩԼ֡
ַӹ͸ֱʣдŵֽհȡ
հȣЩ⣬ɴ˵һ֡
ַҲͬĵطǩԼ֣ǩַ֣缤ᣬз⣬һַ磬һհȡ
ڳ˵ɫʱѿһ֣ԽЧǾԽǵɫȻÿˡ
ɴ֮£հȵ۾ȴĪĶһ˿ڴҲ֪ڴʲô
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ɡһǺֵܡ
ܵǩֵ֣ǩˣǸǳǩֻ֣ܵʵҴǩ𣿡
ַҡҡͷܴ棬ֻɱǩ֡
û£ҿԵġͷùֱʻھдԼ֡
³Ϳˡַӹᣬ˵ͷ³Ǹ磬Ϳǵܵܡ
ַǩͬʩΪҲͬ³ֵܡ
ֵˡ˳ַе
áַһͷѸֱʶϡ
ǩ֣Ѿ͸ֱʻַ硣
ַھϿһۣ°ţа°ţ
ȷĵ˵ͷǵģҽа°ţ
а°ţΧ˵ı鶼һ䣬һôа°ţ
Ȥ׹ͳͬһַ֡ЦЦھͬдԼ֡
ἤֱͬ䵽˵ϡ
˵ϳһ˿ȻֻǺܿͰȻ
ı仯ַ羫עģַ˵ֻһţԽаèҲԽаʲô֣ԼûκιϵֻеױдԼֵһ̣ԼԶдʲô֣ԼĶ㱾ˣ㱾ϲЧ
ַ˵ȻȻˣǿ˵Ŀ̴һ˿
һǴ󰡡
˶٣ַ˵˵ɣһζѣҲһζѣһζѵʱ򣬾ʹ㱳ңԼԶЧˡ
ųһ亹˵ҽдά˹
ַһͷ˵ʲôǰĿ䵽ϡ
ɣǩ־ˡɥ˵ԭǵϴģȴҪ˵СܣȻòȥ
ϵǱȽصģֻҪǿϵʹھǩԼ֡
ַھϿһۣĽ䴦дſ֣ȷдˣַҲǩԼ֣Ҽᡣ
žȫǩԼϣ˵ǰ;ַˡ
ʵϣ˲ǩµһȾᣬЧͨǶȴûôЧȻǿ϶ġ
ַǩ¾ᣬҲûָһССľȫĿǣֻǩ¾ᣬ˫֮͵ϵԼһǱַ磬ԶȻɱҲˣҪǣıַ֪ѾԼԸʱĴ¡
Ȼĵϸǲûȷȫ֮ǰǲԼСЦġ
ַһ̧ƾճҩˮƿҩˮһ˶һƿ
Ƿǳҩˮ󲿷ֵƺƴ󲿷ֵļ֢ȶ־֢ڣÿ˺һƿϵơ
ղչʾھչʱˡ
̫˼ˣһƿҩˮư֢ϻҩˮ˴ά˹˼˵
ά˹ˣ༸˵ıҲǳԲˣԾһ˿Ĳš
Ķ̫ˣǾˮܣַܿЦ
ŲַĻҪҩˮ֪Чġ
㡣ֵַ绰ˣΪոոոհ³ǺַҩˮŻ˹ûɲҩˮЧ
ֵܣ̰ҩˮȥ
ɴհԥһ£ƿһɴҩˮȵ
հȵĶȻܿ죬޷ַע⣬ַѾհȵ°ϵļͬҲǸԷڣʬһ㡣


215 
ҩˮ֮ҩˮЧ֣оڿٻָƣ˶һַɵĸоʲôҩָ̫˰ɣ
ȻûаǵκãѾ˴룬жѾûӰ죬ڵƻڼָӦٵһСʱͻȬˡ
ȬȫģǿѵعҲڽϡ
ȰѾˣҹܲʿһΡַԿ˵
ǣӦһȥ
˵ʵʱļ̣ϵľǳϵ𣬶ЩʿûгֻǵȲʿ֧Ԯͱַˡ
ڴһ绰󣬴̶ľڰ
ǸһŪɡַָűĴʦ˵

³˫Ŵ󿳵ڼټһͼͱķѡ
ʦһӼͻһջ˶ϵѾһ˪ɫû̫ܵ˺
Ȼڼ淢飬ȫ֪ʱҲѡˣ̾һֻܴӦЧңǩԼ
Լʮ޵ģʦЦѣˣʮûˣô˵Ȼȥ
ʦϿ¶࣬Լ˵궼ʮˣڿͼ䡣
ַҲһƿҩˮϿ¶ȴûҩˮҲûˣͰҩˮ
Ͽ¶պҩˮ⼸˶ʱͶȥĽĿ⣬ҩˮЧǿ֪һƿҩˮ͵ڶһһƿҩˮܲĽ
ַЦЦָ༸һ˷һƿҩˮ˵ǶЧҵĽҿԿ϶ĸǣϵıﻹǳֻ࣬Ҫ⣬ҿԽǸֱ
ַ룬տڰǿ»Լһξֶƿҩˮһƾȡܻˡ
ƿҩˮƿǻҩˮƿҩˮҩˮ˺ֵܵϣƿǻҩˮһһƿ
ҩˮܹǿǵӵұУ͵ȵıҲǶǼ֯Ľַֽҩˮʹ÷˵һ飬ǵҩˮ
һƿҩˮٶȻǺܿٵģʮӺȫϡ
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༸˵Ҳˣںҩˮ֮󣬶̶ͬȵĻֵֻȴľܵһ֡
̫࣬ȴʡȥǲٵʱ䣬ܹҩˮʱһƬȡ
⻹һƿҩˮЧܹϼƿܹڶʱڻǿ
֪Ļҩˮʹ޵ģÿһҩˮֻʹƿҩˮֻǸǿҪԼ
ֻǲ֪飬ԶҩˮޱΡ
͵ȵı֮ҿʹǸõıַɨһۣ˵
ǣһŬ¡˵仰ɾͱ֮ǰҪĶˡ
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ȻһϸתƶȣϷǷֲΪܲṩƽܲҲǣΪṩҪıҪԴҩˮҩˮܻõԴ֮һ
ǶַһʱҲ벻֣֯ˣҲͦϲֵģȡ÷⡣
ַ˵ˣڻҪǽһԣǲĳԱΪ˲Ե˳ϣǽϡ
ԼѾǩˣַǱִУҲû취ˡ
ַ翴˵ԾʹϿʼɡ
ϰ壬Ҫôŵʵ
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һ֮£Ϸַ۾ǳÿԽԽͺҹеǳһ㡣
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ҪҲ˺ģ顣ַ绺˵
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ǡ
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ƽҲǴ䣬вûз⣬ͨԡ
״̬£ﻹķϵһ飬﷢ֳѾʮʱ䣬ʮ̽ߵۣҲܽһ׳ʹ÷š
Ǹ취ҲǳЧǲϿƳʹãӶǿĳ
ʱǰ۷÷ʧ£ǿҲǿԳá
ȻⲻʲôţЧȴҲǳ̶̵ʮʱ䣬ʹ¶ĳA֡
ʵϣ󲿷ֵĳ߶ʹõֱ취ģżеĸֶҲֻٲУһضᱻ֪Ұ·ӣֻܿԼı취кˡ
ַͷٿ˿һۣĴ״̬ѹ
ôҡңﾪĪղôˣȻ˴ߣǿﻹһ˿ʶģҲΪʶĴڣܸоԼΪȴ޷ԼΪ˾
ﻺ³һַĿ⣬
Ĵ˵ǼҲٻˣֻЩļһﶼֻڰĻдضȺرֻܴЩ񲻺õˣһ־ǿǲᱻǴߵģĴ޴ãپʹ߲˿ǣʹǿӵϱߣҲûдߵġ
ԭΪҲˣû뵽Ȼִֻ֣ҪԼԼ״̬ȻԼϣҲѾǷǳֶˣҪ֪A߰
˿ַĿҲһ䣬û뵽ַ粻սǿ󣬾Ȼһ֡


216 ľ
ַ粻˵ľ㵣ĽУڶλߵ˴ά˹
ά˹ŷˣһСطά˹ܾѵıȽ߰;ˣҲ֪ǲǳ߶Ƚϴά˹ǳ죬ľ֪ټԣͥΪǮһ̵ֱ˶ʮ꣬͵͵Ŀʼʹó
Ǵά˹ãһʹܵʱ򣬾һĶˣǶֵٶȷǳ죬ƺ쵽Էеĳ̶ȣά˹ȫĶֻ֣뾡취˼硣
ά˹ˣֻˣżȻ˿˽
ڳУά˹СģǴά˹ľȴߵģȿﻹҪһɴ˿ɼά˹ǱҪ⼸˸ϲ١
ά˹ķͿһҲͨܵʹãԼ
ֵܣ³ͿֵܳһС䣬Сʱչֳ˹˵ս츳˵
Ϊǹ˵ñ֣СʼǾ͸沿еսʿп֮̿ǵԽԽǿѾܹ˺ѻĵز
ڸУͰ³ͿֵģټҲ֪ǵطԭֵԭ
³Ϳֵܻһǰ֮Ϊ񱩣ʹÿ֮󣬻ǵӵиǿķ͸ǿĹͿ˾ʹ˿񱩼ܣŵֵסЧӲİܴ֮򱬵
ǿʹʱܶݣֻάһʱ䣬ʹ֮󣬻ҪϢһһҹָܻ
ֵܶУսʿܹʹÿ
ڿַЩģ̰Ѿ͸Ϳ˵ڣ鿴νĿ
ףַ緢͵͵ľϸ鿴֮£ȻǰͿ˵ĹƤڷһ˿ĻԪϢѵֿڵĻԪйأ
ֲַ鿴˰³壬ȻҲڲ鿴˻ԪصĴڣҰ³ڵĻԪǰͿڵʮ֮ࡣ
ַȷˣȻڵĻԪйϵΪͿʹһοڵĻԪĵ˾Ų㣬³ûʹÿԻԭ
ַϸĲ鿴˵壬ڵĻԪغѪܵĽϵһ߽ϵ̫ˣ·ˣԣӦþˣӵеַ²⣬ͻ죬һѪУǴѪдֻ˼ѪŴȴֻǱЯ
ˣֵʦϿ¶ˡ
ʦϷеһʽѾϷǴǧ֮ãڵƽ֮źܸߵ
κһԣʦǲ˻ȱĴڣΪʦʩҲԽⶾβǴʦ໥ȴֻżرЩС֮УΪԴޣʦ֮еĶǳңʧܵʦᱻ벿䣬Ͽ¶һλʧߣ˲䣬շת֮󣬼ȴĽ
Ͽ¶෢ִڽȴڲӹĸҲӲԸ뿪ˡ
ʦһרŵͽ׼ֻз˲ܳΪǵĵӣѧϰǵʦһĴ
ΪʦԴǴ֣ΪǴֶǵĶͣԱ֮Ϊ
Ҫʩͽⶾ֮⻹һЩСϷϵǼëǼôһнëƳɵģëͨһַ֮ƳɶֻҪڶʩչϵëͻüӲޱȣҸ𣬴ӶԼˡ
ʦһǽһķеĶ֮󣬾ͿԿƶʩ߽ⶾ
ȱûģǶȴ԰أʦҩ֮öеĶأͿʩˡ
ַһ̳Ŷɨȥȿ˸ͨ͸
ȵڲȻпյģ·һһ㣬һŸЩпյľԴ涾أӶʩÿһпԴ洢һֶأŸ͵ڿԴ洢ֲͬĶء
ҲҪСССһȣڲ洢ĶҺ㹻Ͽ¶࿿ɱ˵ˣֶعóľǴΧɱˡ
ҲһֲֺˣնҲʩŶһܶصӰ졣
һȿʹʮ֮ãȵ޵˶ȲŻᱻҺʴʹãʱͿԸһˡ
ڶľȡһ֦⣬Ϊֹʦֻһöľöľڵرʦǳ֮ΪʥأʦǱֻʦŻٻĶǰȥʥأܻȡµĶľ
ʥصһεĴϿϿڶ඾涾껹ʮʦػҺܶϵʦҲʥذ˵лSʦĴڣʥصػ쳣ǿû취ʥصģȥ˴ʥأȫʦĹϾʥеĶľǵĸ
öľַ絹һȤ뿴ֲĸ徿ʲôĴڣʥʦ̫ˣȥһҲܺķʱ䣬ԸֻܵȵԺ˵ˡ
չַҲҪʦţȻַţַ翴ۣǼ಻ѹһżָʲôʱóˡ
ַͻȻ֣ԼһռȺãǲԺҲԼҺԺ޽һؾ󣬰ȫĹŽȥ
һгɾ͸е鰡
ַ簵ԺЦҡҡͷ뷨йĵģһ鷳ԼûǸʱ䰡
Ͽ¶Ĵַ֮罫ĿͶ˺ɴհȡ
ַ翴Լհ򶨵˵ϰһҪϣߵʱܹ㵥ദϵ飬Ҳ뱻֪
ԣҴӦ㡣ÿ˶ԼܣհȵҪ󲢲ַ֣Ӧ
ϰ壬ôǾȳȥȺˡܿͽ˽ɫǳԾ˵
šַһͷһ˿⡣
ȵ˶߳䣬ַŶհȽдߡ
ַϣհȾȻǺˣǻˣȷе˵ǻѪˣĸǻˣĸǰˣ漮׹ӡڰݣǵӡڰ˺ᣬǻˡ
հȵܲȻɵģһĵлá
հȵʮһ꣬һͽңǻ˵ͷǸ׵ͬ壬ӰʥģհȵһӰʥ֡
Ӹ׺ͬĶԻհŵ֪ӰʥӰʥһഫʥഫֻҪۼӰʥ񣬾ͿԽӰʥӰʥӶǿӰ֮
հȵĸײͬ£˵ѵǲԴӰʥ˫ʹ˳
հû뵽ǣĸ׾ȻӵгܹԼӰӽս׵ͬӵհȸ׵ӰӱȶԷҪǿһЩǶԷȴǴŰ֣հȵĸ׶ʱͳ˿ĸҲս˱׷ˣԼӰӰԼɵ׵Ӱ̱ǿޱȣɱԷ֮öԷӵˡ
׵Ӱӻиǰһ˿䣬հȥһֻϻӣ׵ӰӾʹɢˡ
ҲѹӰӲ׷ԭǿɢˡ


217 Ӱʥ
հȶ˶ټ˵֮󣬾ʹֻӣһһֵʯͷһƤͼ
ǸµģԷһĴʩ˵ǿʯͷӰʥǴӰʥԿ֮һӰʥһţۼžͿԽӰʥ
ȸˣӰʥܹһҪӰʥ׾ԲܽӰʥֻеǲ弴ʱ򣬲ܿӰʥԱĴڡ
Ӱʥһ˫нԼҲˣֻе򲻵ѵʱ򣬲ʹãһԱ档
Ӱʥһźɫİ͸Բʯͷڰ͸ʯͷһͷ·ʯͷһӰӣӰʥ񡣡
ӰʥӰʥԿףҲһǿıӰʥĳ߿ԼӰΪԼսӶӰʥ񣬸ײûиӰӵҴӰʥ񶪵ĺȥ˵ѾҪֶˣҲԸұΣӰʥӰʥԶĳںɡ
ûаո׵ԸȥΪҲģҲԼĸĸ޹ҪҪɱ˶Էֻ֪ͨˣûұӰӵ
ΪûʹӰʥӰӵķֻԼӰӵֻô޷Ӱʥھ֮£ôӰӰʥˡ
û뵽Ӱʥ֮ӰӾȻͷ˳ҽҵ壬ӰʥͷŵӰյӰӵʹӰΪսΪۣҵѪⶼˣʧȥഺұһ
ַһ˵ɴ⿪
հȽ⿪ɴ¶һŻƺɫԵĿֲףԲ۾¶ڷڵݣһɶ˱ǶǱȸʬҪֲĴڰ
ַĬȻհò٣ѹҪȫźɴ
հȵ²ǱɵǱ裬ܹ侲ıһƽģΪѵá
հȵȣַǸ˶
˵ɣôˡַʵ
հ˵
հȻʧȥഺòҲǿӰͲʹãڲϵ֮£еһء
ֻǺ͸׵ӰӲͬհȵӰӲԼӰӣǸֶӰӣӰɶӰӣʹӰӰĳֻɱ֮󣬾Ϳ԰ֶӰӶӰӡ
ҲкܴƣֶֻӰӣհɵĶǶӰӣӰӣҰӰӣҹݺӰӣֻӰӶ·ɱĶӶǵӰӡ
հȻɱɹӰӣӰսǳ£޷ͶȣҲհȸоֵĵط
Ϊհȿȴǣ׵ӰӵзǳߵսͷųԳսհȵĶӰòƻû׵Ӱǿ󣬶Ҳսÿι֮ӰӾͻڣֻٴΰӰӷųȥܹԷ
ǣʱհȵӰ޸ͲĶֻ֣ʹ֣֭հȲǻڣ֪ԼǶ֣ȻɵȥҪԼȥ
հͬʱҲ֣ӵӰ˫ܹԼĸӦҲˣհôܣԷܹ׷ָӦԽԶӦԽհһԶ֣ϷǣԵɺ֮µȴ
ǷݵͼѾհջٵе·ͼѾ
ͼϱעӰʥĵַհڴ״̬£Ҳһ˵˳
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Ҳհܡ
Ҳѹ˳ȥҪַ絥ദˣҲĴ֮ͬʱҲڶַƷԣƷԲõģһ˵¾ɱ֮ˡ
ַһհϵӰתƵԼϻô᲻Ҳһǿ
ֻһ룬ַַ뷨ӰӵʲôתƵֻ֮ʲôӦҲ˵һתƵ֮ҲѪ⾫ҲһյǾ͵òʧˡ
ַҡҡͷڰ̰ͷ˳ȥħûﻹʲôȥ̰ͼʲôӰħƣǱʲôӰǿϰٱǧ򱶣ɲ֥鶪ϵĴ¡
հַ֮հȵĴ״̬
հȰ̾һƽĵȴַľ
ַ룬˵ԼΣ
ʲôԼհɳƵĻش
ַ룬˵ҶڵӰΪ棬Ҫ˵ռΪе˼ȴֲ̫ǿңҪǺоϣоӰҪʱҪҽӰתƵϣȻΪ꣬ҿԴӦΪ㸸ĸһ취ָò
ҵòԻָհȴһ
һĿԣҶ⣬֮Իᱻɸʬһ㣬Ϊ㱾άӰӵ棬ֲӰӵķŻᵼҪҵȷӰӵķڵӰӲٶƻҲҪĹؽڣؽ֮òͺûָˣֻҪһЩָʵҩˮϻָഺҩˮͿԻָò
лָഺҩհȴһȴֲŵʵ
ַЦ㲻֪Ķأڴ֮ǰ㲻֪ͬӰӵ顣˺˵ҲŰɡ
հȵͷϰ˵ûдû鲻ڣûֻԼʶ٣ªˡ
ԣҴӦˡհ˵ҪΪĸڱָܻ֮òǾٺòˡ
˾ͺãﴦϣҲͻ뿪ʱҲһ߰ɡַͷ˵
ǣϰ塣հȴӦ
Ƭ̺˱հȽ˽
ַհȵʱ򣬿ѾַҪѴ洢Ļƽϣȴַİˡ
ڿ֪Ȥַ¶ɫĵͷ˵ΪϷǷֲϷǷֲˣҸһռϷϸϣΪһɨϰ׼
ǣϰ塣һɼҰĺôģǴռϷ𣿺úúãɽˣҾϲҰĵܼƺǸѡ񰡡
Ȼ˷ܣѵϰ壬ƽҲڵ鷶Χ𣿻ƽǿҵĵǵע⣬ݾ߾Ͳˡ
ַ絭Ŀ˿һۣƽ˵ĿռϷеĽ谭ռǲ֮ڣҸǷֻҪִУִҲӸ棬ԺҪܵˣãȻҪõ
Ȼ᲻Χ飬ʱ򣬿֧ܲԮܲڵȷϺȻṩ֧֡
ľսĸоæ˵ǣϰ塣֪ôˡ


218 
ַ絭ĵͷ˵һǰܵڸֽίУڸһ˻ˣǼȥǼ
ϰ塣˴Ӧһַȥ
Сɽϣڸ˻֪ڷıʣȻżĵȴӦϢ
ֵ˰Сʱ֮󣬺ڸֵĸоԽԽãڸֺݺݵһ˵߰ɣôûϢˣˣҲˡ
ʱɽһڸ㻹ǵһߵĺá
ڸϤʱһ
ڸתͷһȻ˹һַ磬ַ벽֮ңźڸֵͷ
ôһ𣿡ڸֳԾ˵
ַһЦ˵ܼ򵥣һǴӮˣܴѡ˸£ΪرҷŹһ·
ڸһһӮˣλʲôʵ
ַ˵ڸ֣ҲΪ㣬Ҳòڱѡ񡣡
ڸֳΧȥСɽָˣ˾ǿ£ǱΧˣѡ
ڸõ˵ǿóֻŹǣ𣿡
ַ絭ҡҡͷ˵Բڸ֣ѡ𡣡
ַ̧ƣھۼһɫĵ⣬ǿսźš
˵زˣ㻹ȫˣп
ŵ𣬳еնʱһսһ
ڸ֣ͬɣûѡˡ̾һȻ˵͸оַܹ죬ڹȻӦˡ
ǰڸ֣ͬɣûѡˡʦҲ˵
û˵ֻǿڸֵҲһ˿ΣڳļУޱ˵ս˵ˣһսޱɣҲ֪һ㣬ҲϣͶˡ
ӮˣͬҪˡڸֲʣٲҲûðΪԷ̫ǿˣûѡأûзأ³
Ǵ˵ѡ񡣡ַЦе׵ȴȻʢȻ˲ġ
ַһ̶žᣬһ˶һžȥ
ǿݣûĻǩְɡַָž˵
ϵԵ÷˼Ҫ˼ǱЧַʮ꣬ʮɣڴڼ䣬ַӻǣǵǱѵʱ򣬽䡣
䣿ֶЩд֣˵
ڸҲܾϣȻѾͶַҲˮùַ綪ĸֱʣھдԼ֣飬ȴǴڸֵԤϣᱻ֮󣬾Ȼֱˣڸܹоһ޵ǱԼ
䣿
ڸ˵ɫѿѾĴˡ
編ҲǩԼ
ַͷ΢Ц˵ûˣҶԼˣԺӦͬЭһ¡
ַ糯Χɨһۣ˵Ҳ˵ĵطԸȥ׼һٷʢľ磬Ǻúףһ¡
ϰ塣Ӧһ̵绰֪ͨȥڱ׼͡
߰ɡַ´ߣ˷ر
ɿִУ˻صʱ򣬱ĳѾڷ˵Ŀʹƣɫ࣬һŶˮ
Ƕȥɣûҵ˭Ҳ׼ȵںãԾĶ˺Χı˵
ȵ޹˵ȫ뿪ַžƱ˵Ϊǽܹһ£ɱ
ǳ򵥵ףƴʣڳ˭Ҳûһ㣬׷ͬơ
ַĨȥǵľգЦڸ֣ȸ˽һ£֯ᣬѾϷǳϷǷֲ˾ϷǷֲϷǷֲ
ĿռϷеĽ󣬶ϷǷֲǵϷΪܲռϷǵʱṩ鱨ϵı
ϰ壬һЭ񡣡ڸֺʶȤ˵
ַͷ˵ͺãΪǼĽڴÿһƿҩˮһƿҩˮҩˮڶʱƴ󲿷ƺʹ󲿷ּѪͰ֢Ⱦ֢ڣҩˮǿǵǵһҩˮҩˮͼĴڣ֮Ժ˭Ϊ֯¹ͣǲǵģǸĽ
ϰ壬һľΪ֯¡һ뵽ԻøҩˮͷѾһƬȡ
ϰİɣһľΪ֯¡
ˣǴά˹ȻҲ̬ͬ
ӿı̬ɫϣڸף˿ѾõҩˮҺȹҩˮѾᵽҩˮЧԲŻɫ
뵽ڸҲɿĽƿҩˮڸȷƿҩˮ϶Ǻöɵġ
ҩˮַͷ˵ҪʽᣬҪͨҵһμ⣬ܼ򵥵һ⣬ӾͿɣǴ˴μҪǽϡ
ַν˴ߣҽʻ˶û⣬ַǵĴ״̬һӭǳΪʽԱ
ַһָڸ֣ڸΪϷǷֲЭϷǷֲ
ͺڸֲַΪϷǷֲĲ͸һƽ⡣
ϰ壬ǸôܲϵأСĵʵ
ַһ㶣⵹һ⣬ִĵ绰ͨѶ˵Ǻܷ㣬ڱȴǳױǵ绰ϵǾ̫ȫˡ
ַ΢һ˼˵ԼͨѶһصܲúڲŸ̨רͨѶ͸Էֱӵһ̨ͨѶȨܲ硣
ϰ塣ͺڸͬʱ˵
ոձΪĺڸҲǳģҲܹΪ֯Ӷ֯øߵĵλ͸Դ䡣
ַջʹά˹ֱ
˴ռĴƽ֮⣬ά˹հȺͼˣҲַߣǻַ緵ܲ
ά˹ͼŶǩ֤ɵǧģհȾ鷳ˣΪհû֤òѾ٣Ҳûȥ֤˵޷ˣ˵ɻˡ
ַа취ԴհɻַհʹһʮڱıհȳɹĽɻַ˷ɻϵĿճԱհȴ˳ֱɻ䡣
ܷɻ³µģַ編ƣհȽ״̬հ֪£·ɻֻڻһ⡣
ڣַüͷȻĸհȸϽ뿪Ҹط͵͵ΪڻڣоӵĿ⣬ַþ鿴˶ԷĿ˶ǳĲ򵥣ɽߣһ켶ߡ
ɽ൱Bߣ켶൱Aߡ
ַ粻ǣûҪҲ鷳
ʱ켶ߣż˹ߵļ죬ַ֮ǰ
һ۾ӣţ˵߲˵ѧߡ
۾΢΢һЦһӢ˵Ǻøλǹ鱨ʡ鳤ԶӭλһͣΪҲòԸλҪĵǼ
ַһ̾͸оԼ̫ˣȻҡڵĴAҡУҪǲţǾ̫ˡ


219 ¶
۾΢΢һЦһӢ˵Ǻøλǹ鱨ʡ鳤ԶӭλһͣΪҲòԸλҪĵǼ
ַһֻµֻǿԼ
ԶĽܣά˹ͼҲǳһĽĿͶַϡ
Զһû뵽ַͷġ
ԶҲַܾ˵ַǹ鱨ʡ鳤ԶЩҪЭ飬ϣϡ
鳤ˣӦġַЦ˵岻ıֳһֽŵģ
òˣҲģǶʱ䡣Զ˵
ߡԶԱһַ֣缸ȥ˻ľңھһд񴦵İ칫ҡ
һͨİ칫ңԶü£ָŽˮȵԼ湻ĺܡ
³鸺ȫģԭҳǡˡ
ԶЦŽһ䣬Ž˵λĵϸǹмأά˹ŷ¬ɭϵߣAĿǰȴԱųϷ壬սʿAĿǰǺڸֽԱַ磬漮ʡĿǰ繫˾˴δ֪
ַһܿ鱨Ȼǳǿܹǵĵϸ֡
ԶЦЦ˵λţǷᣬǻĻӭͶʻΣֻǻҲϣλܹؼҪ̫嶯飬ĻǺΪѵġ
ĵΰ緶Χڶǳã͹Ĺܲɷ֣еһĵ߶ᱻ̸һΣй£ҲǶǵһξ棬֪Ĵڣ
ڹйַ粢ϡͿĴ˷ػģ̾ͱ֪Ĵڡ
Ȼܣǻ̫ˣǻкܶ©ĵطǷǾͺѲǵĴڣһַĴڣҲѱǷ֡
鳤ģǶط񣬲ΪѵġַЦ˵
ǺǣԸ˰ɡԶÿɷ˵Щ̫˽ˣǶһȺǵļһҪǰؼ治ס
ԶЦҲй£Ǳ⣬ά˹ŮʿҪ⣬ĵĿʲô׼ȥʲôط׼ʲôʱ뿪ά˹ȴ㿪ʼɡ
ά˹ʱҲƽĻشܵεģ׼ȥļ磬ʲôʱߣȻߡ
ͬҲ˻ش
ǺðɡԶھд˵Ļش¼ȻݸһһƬһͨİɫƬû֣дһ绰롣
Զ͵ǵߴĽӴ绰ڻ鷳飬ԸǴ绰ǻдҲػĵķɣҪΥ
Զַֿ磬Це˵ѵѾϣ㿴ǲҲھʹ
ҵ飬ʲô飿ַװɵ
Զɫ飬ȫ֪㻹Լ˵ĻҲ˺ƤʱɾͲ˵ˡ
ַһȫ֪ˣǾ֪Щʲô֪ɱ˵ˣԣթңҪ֪ҵ飬ô˵ڰ칫
뵽ַһҡͷ˵鳤Ĳ˼˵ɡ
ԶһӾЦɵ˵Ǻǣ㿪Ц⣬ʵģ֪˵ǹߴûС
ַҡҡͷûС
ʵַ˪Ѿ˵˹ߴֻ⻰ȴǲ˵ڵģֻ
ߴĴڲʲôܣԶʹŽһ¹ߴְܡ
ߴҪְܾǹְΧڵߣһǱǵĺϷȨ԰æ鷳Ӷ鷳ڶǼලǣȷǲ鷳
Լһ鱨ϵͳ鱨ϵͳ޹ص߽鱨Уά˹ͼҲ鱨ڣ˳Ϸĵķɻʱ򣬹鱨ϵͳԶߴȻɹߴиߴˣϽ崦崦жӣҪս崦ͻ¼Ҳǽд
ԶŵĽһ¹ߴЦеóһֵֻͲСĽӣϿһЩֵĻƣڰӵĶˣһˮ
ԶӽַУЦ˵Ϊ˱ᣬǻǰճһĺãסԡ
ַľ˳ƳеĲɨȥףȻûеԪȻǿƼ
ַССĳһΪνĲִÿƼֶĵ뵽Ȼǡ
ַľ鿴£ڵĽṹһĿȻҳϵļ򵥣ʵҲûʲôṹԣһӶˮؼڶ˵ˮ
ַľ鿴ˮʱٴγһⲻǸӦˮ̫ܼ˰ôĸӦˮ
Ӧˮǹ½һָߵϣڶħװУҪʹõӦˮ
Ϊϡ٣;㷺Ӧˮڹ½ļ۸һֱǾӸ߲£һСָ׸ôĸӦˮٶһ𲽵ģ˵ĸӦˮٿʮң⻹𲽼ۣĹ˿ͣӦûߵļ۸
һö൱ʮ˻ƽֵӽһңʮҲʮˡ
ôĶַֽ磬ֶַ
ַһԼ飬סеַ֣ڵħ̲Ӧ˵ˮҲһɫȦһȦȦȦȦ϶
ˮĹȦ˲ߵСȦԽʵԽǿһȦCȦBȦAĵȦSˡ
Զһ㶣ԭóֻ̽뷨û뵽ַȻһAߡ
֮ǻӦģرǵ˾ʱ򣬱Զܹоά˹ͼϵӦҾԽӦԽǿҡ
ֻǰԶַȴûָӦһʼΪַͨˣַȴǺͼά˹ͬ·еͷߣðԶģԶ뵽ַľַǴһͨһԾΪ̣ϲûܵģԶ룬ַǲѾΪһˣ
԰Զûȥַ磬òвԣȻַAߡ


220 
ձ鱻ΪļֱSABCĵȼSǿCSѾ߾磬ǳϡ٣ҲǸ֯ıײSߡ
S֮£AǿĴڣҲǸ֯мڹͷAҲǸֵĴڡ
AָȼսͬAߣΪܵĲͬɵĲͬսĲͬսҲǧ𣬲൱
ַȻAߣսҲһǿԶֻ΢һ£ҲͷֻǶַ粻ԼֵЩ档
ŶˣܣԶͻȻһ£Ȼ
УԺ֣֮󲿷߶ߣǵܿԱԷ֣һܣӦӵһԣܹͬߵĸӦ
ԶţַӦþܣܲûбԼ֡
ܣַʵ
ԶҲ˽ЦеľͰܵ˵һ顣
ַ絹һ㶣û뵽л֮˵ַԼȴ֪ԼܣΪԼڤħ;ڲͬԲŻ᲻֡
ȻĲַͬǲ˵ҲǸһĻȻ򣬷·֪Լܵģ
ԶЦ˵ǹҵĹ涨ǱģֻǵܿɣѡһţԼ崦רŸսҲԼǵߴֻҪҸǹҪΪߣǱһ֮ЧƶԼߣĻߵǿᵼĶҲܶ಻Ҫ鷳
ַﵭЦЦ֪һģ׼Բ⣬Ҳų⡣
ĹˣԺʱֻ˳ŹҪƻֻеȵ㹻ǿʱ򣬲пܡ
ͺַշڸֿһڸֺͿԸⱻַշ𣿲ǿ϶Ը⣬˭ҲԸ£ֻʽǿǲòͷ
ȽַİԵѾˡ
ַ˵ҲȱǮҲ̫飬밲ĵĹӣû⣬ǱڲӰĻϣ鳤𣿡
Ļֻܼǹߴˣߴר˵ġԶЦе˵ַ֪ԶһڹڲЦ滢ţ֪ΪʲôһЦˡ
ԶȻά˹ͼŵĴڣЦżܵߴǸеģߴֻкôûлߴûָɣκθҵ鷳ʱ򻹿ϱϢǻƴ
ַ粻ŵ˵ôã
ԶЦ˵ȻôãҼйʿñտ죬ְĲͬʴҲǲͬ鳤нģȻ͸ǲܱȵģǡ
˽ǮϵĴ⣬ǻкܶรʩߴ֮󣬿˽⣬ôߴɡ
ַ¶ԥΪѵɫ֮ŵͷ˵鳤˵һĻͬߴ
İûҪƭ㡣ԶЦŵͷһ绰˵绰ֶַ˵ȻߴȽϿɣҲϾҪϢҪеǼǵģڿԿʼѯ𣿡
ԡ
Ǻãôģϸ˵һ¡
ַƺĳֻ䣬˵һǵһ꣬Ҳʮһ꣬һرȣһܵȥӾͻȻ꣬һ˺ҵʱͱ˹ȥ֮Ҿ͸оֵֹģҾͷܷˣҵʱպÿһӰСıҲᷢ磬˷ֺ˺䶯ȥо˵ӰҵʱͺˣҲҰԼϷ˵ȥһֱֵڡ
Զͷַ˵ݶһ˿ļ¼
ԶһЩ޹ؽҪ⣬ʵĺܿɣַش
Щˣ㿴һǷʲô©ĵطûĻǩһ֡ԶԼдõľڵ˹
ַ翴¾ڵݣԼ˵ȫһھǩ֡
ԶջؾڿһۣԼҲǩ֣ԶѵõЦ˵ַ磬ǻĹһˣȻ㲻ǹʽԱһϣҽܹͨЭάùܹάûĵĺƽ
һһַæ˵
ԶָֻЦַĳŵҲǲЦЦΪߵһӣҲַܹ˵̬඼ǲԸܵԼԸܵ˵쵼ָɣҪΪɲһ׵顣
Զ˵ǹߴɵĲţǵĹҲǸٵģֻҪһطͿˣֻҪطȻȥʲô鷳¡
ַһͷ˵ģȻһطֻһҪ۸ô죿
Զüͷ΢΢һ壬ʱоЩΪѡ
ʵϣַ⣬Ҳߴ鷳֮
ߴĴڣΪߴĴ󲿷ֳԱʽԱַԱЩԱǹ߾ߣͨˣͨһİؼ
ĺûˣһǵƽ֮£˵ߴǰæأǲæ
æɣɾ̫ˣߴøĻˣԼеķˣҪǲæɣЩһɲǰؼ֮ˣһߴΪǳͷǾǻԼָɵģһߴĴҲͳΪˡ
ַ⣬Զֻܺ˵鷳¾ͰⷴӳɣǻᾡΪ㴦Ƶġ
ַƺģֳһ⣺һҵʲôߴô죿Եߴӻ𣿡
ԶһСӲѾʲô˰ɣԶʵ㲻Ѿʲô˰ɣĸ𣿵ǵԭʲô
ַգգۣ޹˵ûҾ裬˴Ҹô죿
Զһ˵Ҫ˭ˣһһҾͿ㴦¼̫ĻҲȨдãֻϽٲôٲôٲãٲýᱻǿִУϣߴ϶ǻΪͷġ
ҶٲôٲýϿأΪһа취𣿡ַʵ
ˡԶҡҡͷӦǹ͹ǲԩٴģһȫԷġ
ƹƽķϣȻŲƽĿܣַ͸оƽĴڡ
ַһͷˣߵıֻܼ֮ϣ˵ĹƽһеĴڣƽǳ˽Ľ⣬Ǳѡ
Ƭ̺һһֻƤ䣬ԶƤ䣬ַ͵֤רͨѶֻרuܣ˾ȫˡ
ַֻ֤⣬רuʲôõģ
Զܵרu½ǹߴڲվģվвٺöȥ󣬿ʹõе½鿴
Զ˵ˣýĶˣڿ뿪ˡ
ˣھͿ뿪ˣַ㵵˵ĳô򵥣
ţѾˣʱ뿪ԶЦʵϣǹûôأرߴǿɣټû⣬ѾߴĳԱˣȻʽֻࡣ
ǺǣĻǾ뿪ˡͰԶ̴ַ֮ż뿪
ַȥıӰԶüͷͨԲ鿴ַĵϣûʲôֵĵطΨһֵĵط׬Ǯٶȣʵ̫һЩ˵Ϊͨʯ
ͨʯ˼ļһԶҡҡͷֹĪЦ⡣


221 ߴվ
ַ߳糤һĿַɲ٣ȻַҲֻ֪Ǳ渡ܿܰɼӲϣӽҲҪСˡ
ҲûʲôõĵģκһԷ֯Ĵڣй½ħʦЭᣬȻĴĿĺʲһǱϣȴͬģûΪַַﷴ˷ܣû׼ԼԴӹϻøı
ƺַܵ֯΢һҲףǲܶгԱмصģΪԱ̫ˣǲǸַϱǷʲôҪĶĻַȻǳĸߡ
ʵַıʣģֻʵǿ󣬲Ӳʵǿ˸ǵĵزʹԼܱ˷ˣҲ޹ؽҪ
С˵УѧʥأеĲؾڲؼ˭֪²ؾؼǽ˭ȥؾԽ
ûУΪµͷ̫ˣηµʵʹ֪ؾؼҲ˸ȥġ
ַĿһʵ룬гһգʵʶ޵еʱʲôʲôħʦЭᣬֻǾˮ¡
Ȼ˵Щ̫ˣʵ֮ǰֻ̡
Ŷϧˣղʰ鳤ӦˮˣӦˮڹ½ϡ֮ǰǴӰԶͿóӦˮȻӦˮڵϲû׼ַʾͿ֪Ӧˮĳġ
ˣշлӦˮԴġ
ַհȴ˵绰ȥſԼȥĳƵϡ
ھƵհ֮˰һγصƽС
ˣһʱסⶰû˻ǵģûҵҲҪַѼ˴Լλ̺Сıڱﰲľס
լıû֮ǰⶰ˺ܺõŵ㡣
ַ֮صԼķ
ַ򿪵ԣͨϵȻֻ֮ӦӦʹûܵƣĿǰľ룬ʹӦһܷ飬ʹķ㣬ֻڽҪעⱣܡ
ַϼҵĽû󣬾ж˺ϵ
ַ򿪰ԶԼСƤ䣬óһöuܣuܲ嵽˵ϡ
Ҫöu﾿ʲô
uӺһ򣬳ʼַ֤ϵıţַţȷԶ¼վ
վ¼ɹдŹ鱨
վĺܾҪΪ飬鱨
ַץĳĳӷʲôѰĳĳƷһЩԵֻȼִеص㣬ֻڽ֮󣬲ܻ֪
ǷּģɸߵͷֱSSSABCD
ȼԽߣѶԽߣҲԽߡ
ȼ⣬ͻΪ֣һǹٷҲǹһ˽ҲǵߴԱԼ
ͨ½Ƚ٣֮ԻӦĹѫ˽ͨȽϸߣ޷ùѫ
ѫǹߴڲʹõһֵȼƶȣһĹѫ֮ĵȼӶվڻøȨޡ
Ȩ޵źܶôȡȨøߵȼ鱨ȨԷ߼
˵˹ѫﵽֵ֮󣬻ʹվȨ޻Ӷܹ߲վҲǽվ
վ鱨Դ϶Ҫߴĸøȫ棬ܹվӵиơ
ַڶ飬鱨
鱨鱨Ϊ֣һһгֲؽҪϢѾʱȻ󣬵Ҳһ鱨Ĳ
һշ鱨շ鱨鱨Ҫ̶ҲΪSSSABCD鱨ԽҪȼԽߣҲԽҪߵȼĹѫܻȡ鱨
鱨ĻȡҪһĹѫ鱨ȼҪߣȻ֧һʲƵĽǮĲٵĹѫ֮󣬿Իø鱨
鱨鲻鱨Ҳ鱨Ҫ۵鱨ǼǵվϣվԱˣȷ鱨ҪԺͿɿԣȷϻ֧֧꣬ıǮ͹ѫֵ
ַ鱨֣̳˺Ͳйصϸ鱨
ǴӹŴģѾɿǧ֮á
ҪֹɣһֻͭӻƽȽֱ⻹ҪһϹˮ
ϹˮһֺĿʯΪ֮ᷢϹ⣬Ա֮ΪϹˮ
ڵֿʯ֮ΪϹˮڹ½Ǳ֮ΪӦˮƲһһ
鱨͵ˣϹˮͳû˵
Ϲˮշ鱨ȼD
ַʲôѫûУD鱨Ҳûȥй
ַ˻ƽȣ̾йڻƽȵ鱨ֻǶԻƽ˼򵥵Ľܣϸ鱨Ҫշѡ
վڵ鱨ǳȫ棬ûйѫ£Щ鱨޷鿴̵ַᵽѫá
ߴȷķǳɢǹҲ˱˹ѫôùѫļֵЩɢĳԱΪ¡
ǽͬΪٷ׺˽˽ס
ڽһЩƷۣЩƷͬ˵ȼǵȼ٣ABC࣬ƷͬҪõѫͽǮ
ַ翴¹۵ƷҪǸƵҩ˵ġ
ÿһҩ·ͿЩҩȻǳĺá
ȻҩַЦҡҡͷǳϡ
˵ҩ⣬ÿµĵһ죬ڽһЩƷʵƷƷ٣Ҽ۸񰺹󣬵ΪƷƷʺܺãȴһ˵Ŀ⣬Щ۵ĸƷƷڶʱڣһա
Ķ۸󣬶ҪѫƷб֤˽˽׾ȫͬˣ廨ʲôУҩ书ؼʲô黨ʲôݵģʯҲгۡ
˽˽ײùѫƷûбϣҲһʹýǮٽ׶Ҫ
ַ˽˽УһϹˮҲǸӦˮһ
ӦˮĿͷȰԶϵĸӦˮҪһȦ㹻Ѳˡ
ַˣôĸӦˮȻֻһһٽҶأ۸͵˼鰡
ԭΪûй½ҪĺöӦˮַ֪ԼףҲкñġ
ӦˮַǳȤϵ˶ԷϧԷߣûйϵַ˶Ҹ򵽹ϣַȷջ֮󣬶ԷŻյ׹̺һģһ


222 Ӧˮ
۵ƷֻͼƬͼ򵥵ַֽͣûʵ£ֶ֪ľ;ȴǼ鷳ˣ״ĺõĶ
ͱӦˮӦˮǹ½֣ڵȴǽϹˮҶϹˮҲ˵ȼҪַӴʵ벻νϹˮǸӦˮ
ַѽƷһȦϧˣûпֺԪصĿʯȻʯǴ·ɫԵõġ
վȷַ翪۽磬Ҳַṩһ˼·ַһ뷨ܲҲվ
뷨ǺõģǾʵʩȴҪԺܶѣ뷨ҲҪȥ˵ˡ
ִᣬԽԽ͹Գ˵ĵԻҲҪ齨ֻܻӷơ
ַϱʼǱԣüͷ˼
ַƷǳԣӵħʦļ䣬ǿħռһһ޶Ŀռܹڹ½͵֮䣬ӶܹصԴ
ַҲԼĶ̰壬һеʱ̫ˣûнչ
ڶַ̫ûʵԣͺһҺСۣһˣʱиΣգûжԿ˵
㣬ַҪԵľǿڵ򣬻ڹ½ŸָǿıַֻЩǿļзУ̷չ
͹½չ򲢲ͬԿƼΪ½ħƼħ;ͬ˵˭ǿ˭ֻǿ˭չĳ̶ȸߣ˭͸ǿ
ҲַԿƼħ⣬˭˭ǿħħǿ󣬿ƼҲпƼŵ㡣
ԣҪСκһ߱ħƣַҲСƼв
ַĬĬ˼Լķչ˼һ飬
ȻҪǧͷ䲻ڣҲѣһΪǷչ
Ϊĸ֦Ҷ˵ȱһɣرΪ֮ء
ûǿʵ֧ţǷչӴҲǺ¥һƬã׼ͻᱻ˻
ַһ㻹ǿ÷ǳġ
ַ˦˦ͷĶ˦ȥȵԼ侲ַ翪ʼÿձڤ
ڶ죬ַ绹Ǵ˻صϼҡ
˵طٺúַȥ˷ʦ첻ʦѾ޽˵ڶ㣬ڿʼ޽㣬ڵĽȣһº󣬷ʦ޽ɡ
˷ʦ⣬ͱʼ޽ֻΪģ̫󣬽ȱȽϻѡ
ԴٵıѾ齨ĳ߹ģбһٶˣֲ۾ʮˣͨ۾˰ʮˣصΰǽά֡
ַ֮ǰ̸ĺͿڤ𽥲Ч˵ܽ٣ѾԳӦá
˵ַ޸ڤеĲ֮ڤһ
ˣҲַµʵ¸ĽڤҲ̸ַˣǽ
ڤַ籾ڤ뷨ͬ˵ԯޡ
ڤĺõһԪǿܣַڤ뷨ȴøԪصںԪںΪħ浽ڣӶħ
ΪڤǵһԪأԲܹԪصĹҲ޷ʹõԪصļЧҲ͵ڤȣȫ޷ַȡ
ַһֱ취ܵٶȣһڤɹеȻǷͬСɡ
ڤһصرǿ
ΪڤܽģֻһһԣԷʲôԣֻʲôԵԪء
ĵöֲ뷨ھ죬޾
ԿǿֲܵԴʵˮϵܵı֣ˮԪء
ǿʱ죬ַ鿴лԪصĺۼ޻Ԫء
ά˹ϵߣȷϣԪء
հȿԿӰսްԪء
˼죬ַյ˶ԷʼĹİһϹˮҲǸӦˮ
ӦˮĳַҲѾĿдӦˮĳЩر𣬾ȻˮİˮһļʳӦˮͨһˮӦˮĳ̫͡
Ӧˮʩ㲩BϵߣҲһżȻĻᷢһӦˮӦˮڳļ˷ֵˣʩ㲩ֵһӦˮȱǮֻðˮҳ
ַʩ㲩˵绰룬˵´λƵĺöһҪַ֪ͨ磬ַԻһĺüǮ
ӦˮȭͷôԼһֻһʵ̫ˡ
ҲΪϻûзָӦˮ;ֻǰɲˮ˵Լ۸񲻹
ַӦˮƽս磬ȻսϰӦˮƣսƲĲϣȴܹӼȡ
սǺðսϰԼƹ̣Ҳ˿ϣõĲϵ𻵣ԷĴ󵨵Ľơ
ַ֮羭սϰսھ˰˰ٸСʱʵ飬ڸӦˮƣѾȫա
գָǻգӦˮǸ߼ϣƸ߼ħװǸ߼ħװҪߵʵַ֧֣ûʵֻȴӵͼħװʼơ
һ׼ַ翪ʼơ
ַǰһӦˮʩչֽĴȡһ̶СĸӦˮȻӦˮʩչʮӵ̶СĸӦˮСһ롣
˵ĸӦˮȫЧ
ĸӦˮŵһߣַóһСƽڻƽмħϣһ֮󣬱ƳһֻƯĻƽָŽָ͵ʱ̣һԵĸӦˮַ羫һУ䵽˽ָϣͽָںϵһ
һöָƳɹ
ָ˼ǿ϶ԷĸӦöָԷ͸оϵӦˡ
ǸӦˮӦ֮һ
ַĵͷԼַ൱⡣
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Ӧˮ֮иӦ֣ΪˮؼԪ쳣УӦˮڱŴ֮̾ͳһ˲õı
ַһǰĸӦˮʩչֽеһֽȻһεַԽϸ㻨˰Сʱʱ䣬ɵĸӦˮҲֻ֮ʣ֮һˡ
һװƣҪȸղȻַѾսϤеƹ̣ʵȴǵһΣһʧܣϾͻȫϣɲСġ
ĸӦˮҺ״ַ̬翪ʼмֲϣֱӦˮɫֹͣһƾסҺ̬ĸӦˮһóƽ͸ֲϣಿ֡
Сʱַͷ󺹣ȴһֵƣһƽɵĹžƯַǰھ£Һ̬ĸӦˮƯ˻ƽžϣһ㱡ľӸڻƽžı档
ַʩǰĻƽžʩչˮ͹žΪһ塣
ʱһ죬žˡ

ַЦһڵħȻͷþˣӶ¹žƹһ
ַȴǺ˷ǳҪһ㣬սκζǲħģʵУȴҪħ֧֡


223 Ե
ַҪƵħװѰ⾵Ѱ⾵һֺħװҲǵͼħװħװ֮һ
ΪѰ⾵һӦˮҪĸӦˮķֵʮңǲϵķþ͹ˡ
ʮҵĲϷѾ㹻һ߼ħװˡ
Ѱ⾵ҲϱȽϹĲ϶һ㣬ַ򵥣Ѱ⾵Żᱻǵͼħװ
ַսѾٷְѰ⾵Ϊħ⣬ʵħþӶʧܡ
һʧܺʣµĲϻһƵĻᣬַ룬ƴһΡ
Ѱ⾵֮ǰַʮöָӶħʹãһֵַָħŽѰ⾵ơ
ַڤ״̬ħֵָ֮󣬿ʼڶѰ⾵
һݲϣһʧֻܾܵȴһβơ
һεַԽССʱַĳһжһƽΪף׾ΪڵĻƽž
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ַ縧еѰ⾵һƬϲ
Ѱ⾵ȻǵͼħװΪӦˮ󣬼ħʢĹ½Ѱ⾵Ҳѵõı
Ѱ⾵ɸӦˮƳɣ߱ӦԸӦһΧڵԪز
ַеѰ⾵Ѱ⾵ͨĻɫӦΧֱֻʮЩѰ⾵ԸӦﷶΧһԪز
ˣڻѰ⾵ʵʹЧɡ
ַָһħѰ⾵õУѰ⾵ħ
Ѱ⾵ľһɵĺ⣬Űɫ𣬾̶һЩϸСС㣬ɫ̬ͬɫ˹ԣ̬Ĺʡ
羵һɫķ·һһĹǴ˷ԵַϲĻԵӦþǼӥˡ
ɫ߻һɫĻ棬ɫĻӦþǱԵĺǡ
Ѱ⾵ϣ̬˻
˻̬⣬ι㣬Բι㣬δ˿ʯħװûԪزԲιֲԪز
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Ԫ֮ǳҲһ˲õĶħʦԪ֮ǿһԪصħװԪ֮װƷʣװǿ
ȻԪ֮ϡıǲΧֵġ
Ѱ⾵ϣЩ⣬һڵУڵǿռڵء
ַӴħ룬Ѱ⾵ΧҲŲһֱֱʮֹͣ
Ѱ⾵ĻӦΧֱʮַħΪһӦΧֱʮΪԽӦΧԽ
⻹ΪѰ⾵ƷͨһϵȵѰ⾵ַħʦΪһɨ裬ͿԸӦΧﷶΧڵ
ڹ½Ѱ⾵Ҳ֮ΪѰħ⾵һܹҵħװ
Ѱ⾵ʢһʱǵҰı϶ѾǰҹˣʹѰ⾵ڹ½ҲҲʲôöѰ⾵ļֵŽĵ
ʹҲʲôѰ⾵ԪصĸӦҲһǳõħװرǶħʦ˵һѰ⾵͵ڴһ׵磬ʱ֪Χħ޳ûʲôȼħޣԷǳĽ
ֻѰ⾵ļֵ̫һЩѰħʦûܹʹѰ⾵
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ַҲ֪ԲܳȥΪڹվϹƷһΪ쳣Իǵĸ߶ȹעһɾ鷳ˡ
УһҪ
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Բȡһܾܵһĵط޷Բȡǣڻַ˵ԲȡǺѹΪһ̨ԲȡǣҲ֪ڳԼƻеˡ
ԼƻҪֹɣֱԣԲȡǣԡ
ԲȡַԾͱȽ鷳ˣǶ̫ӣַҲûоֻܻǮйȻװ
ԵӲѾڵװϣѾһʱ䡣
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ڳǰĿյϣһս磬ַרΪսоԣԽʡʱ䡣
ڰŪԵַʵô
ҡҡͷε˵ϰ壬ǲа޷ӵԣǲΪҲǻ˵ԭ޷ʹԲȡǡ
ԵĻԭʹԲȡǽԵԲͳԽϣӵеԵνĳԡ
ͲˣԲȡǶЧҲ޷͵Խϡ
޷Ҳ˵ϴζԲȡĸĻûá
ַü˵ϴѾԲȡһθģֻϧûгɹ
ҡҡͷֵͷ˵ϰ壬ʱսԳԽоȻûгɹһЩĵõģҪӦԲƵʣԵƵʺԲƵӦһ£ʺϵƵǡ
ڳҲǷǳ⣬˺ܶ׼Ҳо˲мֵĶ
Ŷ飬ԿַͷʹԲȡǽеԡ
Բȡǵһֻȫܷͷֻǳܣɲһطܹġ
һСʱ֮󣬵ϣַԲȡǺ͵ӣ˵Կ
һͷ굽Բȡڡ
ַ羲ȴһڴ


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ַʵڿʲô𣿡ڳԾܷʲôãַǳ档
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ʲô˿Բ鿴ҵ𣿡ַʵ
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ַ룬˵𣬰ҵϽ˭ҵϣԶ飬ʱ֪˭ҵϡ
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225 鱨
ϰ壬ҵܲվǷ֡һ󣬳ɹͨߴվҵ˹
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ַԭ֣ص˵һҾͽˣҪΪҽ鱨κϴڵ飬ҶҪ֪𡣡
ϰ壬˵ģҵȨж󣿡˷ܵʵ
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226 
ڶַȥһ˺Ҵ壬ѽɭĲϴص
ɭܹزַ簵⣬ͨ˳Ŀ顣
ַҲýɭæǸһħˣ㹻һ֮á
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ǰ֩˿ڶڸ¼ΪУһ¶ȵı仯ᵼ֩˿ĶѣӶ֩벼ʧܡ
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ðǹ񫰡ҪǧҲ򵽵ĲƥԼֲŰٽҾ˳ʡǮֻһеĳɾ͸вַϲ
ַ粻ܲϲħװΪԽǸ߼ħװԽƣ۸ҲԽǸ߰
Ҹ߼ħװмУǿϻǮܹ򵽵ġ
ַԴȴǲᵣģΪսĴڣַսѧȵַΪͿѧϰԺĸ߼ħװͲˣֻԼơ
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ԣѾƽˡַ纮Ѽ䣬ʵ⣬ǲ鲻ãǲǳʲôˣ
ٺ٣ֱȥˣнż棬㲻ϣԼѵĶˣѽùǺСѾͷûûεЦ
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־˵ַ簡пǼô


227 
Ͼǳ룬ַֻܴӦ˵ˣȥѼҳԶٱ㷹Ҳǳе飬һ룬ַҲͷƽ̬
ַָƴ˵绰绰ﴫཱུʾԷѹػ
ðɣؼʱ̣ƵֻȴػˣɲܹҰ
ַһֻ̾ȴһĨЦ⡣
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ִ磬ˣ⿪һַ˷ܵİַӭ˽
ַһ㶣бҪô
ִáسɿַ۾һòĴк
سҲڰַЦ˵
ִ磬ʲôʱܽҴȭ𣿡سڴʵԴϴοַһ˶Ըʮͽ֮سɾͰַ統ֶָԴַѧϰˣֻһֱҲѡ
ַЦЦ˵Уû⣬ҾͽŵĹ򡣡
裬ִ֣ˡ⳯ŷе
һ첽˳ȻͣǷ̴棬Կóʱ򣬿϶ǼΪƯģλӦþƵˣ賤ѹĺҲôƯ
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ַһ㶣ڶԷһɨ֪Ƶĸ׾Ȼ˫ȲмҲˣٲмʮˡ
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ַЦЦԳһĨ⣬ϲģ
룬ͻȻòԾַ粻ǲ֪صˣûԼ֮ͬǰôܻ͸ĸ˵ֻɲˡ
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УȢң㻹üӰѾƲм˵ֻǼӰѾ˵ĺᡣ
Ҳ֪ԼôģȻ˵֣оԼ϶Щˡ
ַһʲô˼ǹԼ׷
ַͻȻ뵽Կޱϧ̫ϧˣѾŮˣǲܷŮģҲͬ飬֮ѾʧȥһĿܡ
ַ԰Եǿȿ˼ԼΪǵİˣַǰԵûκ
ƾͲͬˣַĺѣַҲкøУַǲܶǿģַкܶ෽ûκ壬ԸҲмôԸĿġ
ϧҪڹŴöð檵ӣޱĽ
ַͻȻɺҡҡͷȻעܣԺǲҪɡ
Բ𣬿СЦ⡣ַЦЦ˵
ôˣˣеķַ̬һ˿仯
ôֻǡɡַ̾һǰ֮䣬עˡ
ƿַһۣ˼
ִ磬ղŲҪҴȭܲܽҰسܹе
УǾڽ̰ɡַЦӦ
ȽŵĻȭȭȭҪվ׮Ƚŵվ׮
ٵһ㣬ȷſվַسɵƣվ׮
ƿַ洫ڵģͻȻһƽ͵ĸоνҸ˰ɡ
㣬ִ磬е
ַ磬Ե㣬͵Լһ˾Ҫ׳һ㣬㿴ݵġ
ϣַܵĸصдʲôò˶ַУַķĲѾ߸ߵ𣬶ˡ
裬ַԼпӻԼеģ˵
أ˵ĸû˵ֻĿһɨȴǰϲֲɵѵƶַ̬ȿǲһ㰡
֮䣬϶ѽƳ޵ӲԶ
뵽ĸüЦ
ĸַгԲǰŮԴˣֻϧַѾŮѣҵŮˡ


228 Ŵ
Ҫҵˣһ㶣ëʲôÿġ
ƶַȴĪΣ˵ַ磬Ҹ׵ʮǰʱ˵ļ׵񾭣Ѿܶרҿˣȥ𣿡
⻰ʵļΪмɣǸַ縸˵ĴȻѯַǷп˵ıҪԱַ˵˴󻰣ĸ²õӡ
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ַûаѻ˵ʵϣ˿ڣַʹþˣаƵġ
ֳ˱ҩˮҲκã̫أΪ˿ѾϳãҩˮЧ־Ч
֮ǰʱ򣬶ƣַֻܰѾŪˣٽƣַľܹţھˣҲкܺõֶΡ
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ν˵˰ɣҶһѵͣҲûûˣβζν
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ĸûôַ࣬ŵĻĸ˵˵ʲôͷӣʲôνϽַ翴ˣû׼ַβֶء
ĸַ˳ַۣĻҲŲɡ
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İɣҿκãұ֤ºͿµ·ַЦ˵Цš
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Ƴ˵ַ磬ܲܲóȥ뿴ôĦģѧƽʱҲԸְְĦ
ַЦ˵ҸôҲûõģΪҰĦͬʱڵڣĦֻǸЧĦʱƵ

ַͷ˵ԣʦҽ֣Сһκƣ飬ǧǧҪй¶ȥñ֪һ鷳ġ
ַﰵһ̾˵ѺѾļҳ㷹ˡ
Ƴһû뵽ַȻַĻûлɣΪַΪˣַҲûɻƭ
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ˣɣǿɲܰҵ˵ȥʵ˵ȥַҲʲôֻǲ˵Ļַʡȥ飬ַҲΪԼǴ鷳
ַҲ׼Ժβ˵Ƶϣʩչ˿ʵҲûʲô˵顣
ַ˫ָļѨλᰴĦַİĦַнɫĹâ⣬˿þˡ
û뵽ַ˵ģһô棬Ȼᷢ⡣
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ַ簴ĦӣֵַʱѾſڴ˯ˡ
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ַ˵̣̫ˣӦģ֮ǰƶû˵飬Ҳ֪ҲˣȻ֪ˣһκˣ˵飬岻ݴǡ
ҲĿַ˵ַ磬лл㡣
ƣ˵̫ˡַ΢΢һЦ˵̣˵ʱ̫ˣܵ˵񾭣˫ϵļⶼѾʼήҪȻָήĴȺ񾭣Ȼڽƣһ᲻Ƶģ֤ڣµ·
ִ磬Խ𣿡һԵسɣڴʵ
˵ʵⶫ治̡ܽ
ַֻܿЦҡͷҲ̣ǽҲûãɵġ
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ַ˵ɣҵû취ѧģ书һɣȰҽ̸ĻúȻˣٽŵڹķڹȻȲҵҲǳԸʮ߰˸󺺣ûġ
ַҲкüڹķʱһڹˣܲɣַɾ޷֤ˡ
سϲæ˵İִ磬һŬʧġ
⺢ӡĸЦЦ簮˵
ַ翴ֱоʱҲˣȥ
ƿȥַ硣ĸϽ˵
裬֪ˡ˵
ȥĸϲã׼Ů⼫ˡ
߳⣬ٴ˵ַ磬ҰְֵˣǶлˡ
˵ллˣô⣿ַЦ
УԺ˵ллˣҵĴˡҲЦ˵
ƱͳƯЦ˫ֳַеĸо
ַֿһۣͻȻ̾һ¶һĨЦ
ôˣеĲַ¡
룬ҪڹŴöð
ΪʲôƲַôͻȻ뵽⡣
ַ˵ΪŴ檣һ˿˳ȢŮΪޣϲŮӵʱҲΪȢ˭˭ˡ
ʲôأһһ޲𣿡ƺЦĵַԴ
ַ̾һЩǳ˵ĺãŮˣǣҷֶ㶯ˣǹŴð
һӴסˣַԴϵָͷջء


229 ͵
һӴסˣַԴϵָͷջء
ҲַѾŮѣַֻ˵һ޷ܵĸо
Ҳ֪ԼôˣǶַкø˰ɣַ֪ѾŮѣƵоܲܡ
ַͬҲܣƶˣȴܾԼ׷ΪԼѾŮѣ׷ֻǻ˺
ؼһһ޵ƶȣкܶ©ģַȢλӣͿˣؼһһ޵ƶģôܽһޣ
ƿ϶һޣַҲǿϲ飬˼䣬Ѿᡣ
뵽˼Ҳַܿԭĺ̵Ȼ޴棬ֻʣǻεꡣ
Ľַǳܣַ̽ʵƣѾŮѣ֮仹п𣿡
Ƶһŭ⣬ҵʲôˣС
סŭҡҡͷᶨ˵ܡ
ַʱйɬĸоλδʼĸע޼ա
ַȻĵͷ˵ţ뷨ˣҲã˵ˣԺҲ֪ôˣҡˡ
ϣڹŴ檣Ͳ÷ˡַԳЦһɬ
檣ôܣƲͱŮ˹һġ˵ַįȥıӰ۽ͻȻһˮԭڲ֪䣬ѾԼռһϯ֮أʹΪʲôΪʲôҪôģΪʲôͲֻһģΪʲôΪʲô

۳ϣַƵ̾һоܡ
ַ룬ֻԿ˵绰ʮӣŹ˵绰
Կַָ꣬ޱҲ˵绰ϵر˵˰Сʱַķֻ
ŮȻܹԣԭƵ飬ҲŻָ
ˣҪʼɻˡַһ˵
ַóѰ⾵ħѰ⾵ΧʮһԪزѰ⾵չֳ
Ѱ⾵һһʮߵԪع꣬һʮ궼ߵУʯֲ
Ѱ⾵ֻȷֲˣԭϿʯͳƷ
֪ССƽоȻҲǲԻ֮أȻһʮڡ
ݹǿһʮλߣоʮCߣʮBߣAߣһSߡ
ַһʹѰ⾵ɨ赽ʱҲһ˭Ҳ벻Ȼôĸ֡
ַһʼЩ֣ԼôƽжδߣһеĹؼҲȻˡ
ƽе߿ƺܶ࣬ϰ֮࣬ϸһԱȳе˿ڣǿɾͳ˴еһСˮΣͲֵһᣬƽʱҲǺϡġ
Ҫ֪ƽȻֻһ߳Уǳľס˿Ҳ˿ڵĳһٶߣ˵ǲ׺һڣƽʱҪǻķǳס
Ψһַ羪ȵǣƽоȻһSߣַ²SӦλߣҲǻ˵֡
ƽ֣Ϣַһ亹
־ڻҲǶĴڣ࣬ƽһ֣Ҳһˡ
ַҲǳңҺ֮ǰһֱǳ͵ĻЩߵע⣬д鷳ˣɱ֮
ֻѾַͬΪħʦַĿǰӮǣȴûģֻڷʦ֮ǰ¿ռİȫȻòϣַҲóȻȥԼ鷳
Ȼ鷳Ųж
ַĿܿѰ⾵ϵߵ꣬ߵ꣬ֲ
ַĿǰǾΪС
ߵ겢һǷ棬ֲһֲ鱦һء
ַʱŹֲһȥھرصһ֮⣬ַͣ
³ַ˸û˵ĵطϰҹߣȻ״̬ĿĵضȥƬַ̺͵һСĿƷС
ҸѰ⾵ĸӦƽ߳ɵ߶СSҲС֮ڣ̫۵СȻһɵŵ㡣
ַҪûϴĻӦþǹ鱨еƽˡ
ƽóһһʮʽն쵶ڵǹҲϵȴ֮һ
ݸڸֵʵΪȼȼзֱǵ͵ɣеɣϵɡ
͵ָλ쾳֣λ쾳֣ɾ
еָʮλ쾳֡
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쵶ӵһ֣λŴ֮һ
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СƲۣʵСܲͷһвҵӲµİڣвͻᱻҷַټ
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һ鷿Ѱ⾵ĸӦλǼͷ鷿ߵ档
鷿ַͨͨľڷɨһȦ̷鷿ٰװͷȸӦ߸߸Ӧ˵൱ܡ
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һ㶣Ϊַ˾뵽ȻгӣгӾȻԷԷ֮ߣ֪
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Ȼɱˣǲ鷳ܽʱɱ˲ǽ÷


234 СĹͷ
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235 簲ҧ
ߵ㣬Ƶ꣬9013ŷ
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236 
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Ȼַ֪ʲôģǸղһĻȴĪģַԼء
ˣַ϶һˣһܹͽֽӸ߿µԼ𣿶һǺǾԲܵ顣
ַϣ϶вһܡ
أԼľˣԼôʲôҡͷרĶԸĻ


237 г
ַע⵽û̫⣬Ǽе鼮
Ȿ鼮һݣ¼ǸֲϣϹˮҲС
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ʵкܶöģΪʶԱɳ͸ַĪĻᡣ
ⱾУԸֲϵԼصķǳϸַп˺üֺ͹½ƵĲϣֻûʵգַҲ֪Щܲܵʹá
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νĳҩˮʵҩˮ˿ǿʣΪãԿ϶ԻĸãַҲ˵ѣҩˮȷ٣ǿĹЧġ
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ȻҲţַһκúѵļɻҽ԰ɡ

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гԼ˼·Сĵʵ˵ǼҵһλʮˣȻûʲôϾˣʣˣҩˮЧ𣿡


238 гķŭ
ַҡҡͷǧҪȣ˼̫ˣܲҩˮḶ́ȳҩˮǾǺҹƺȥĵڣ˼Ҿͻ˥߶
ַ⻰ɲ˵Цģʵˡ
ҩֶκҩﶼиãֻõĴСͬѡ
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һԵҲԳίı飬ƿҩˮһ˺һƿһƿҪ͸ϣܲίˣ֮ԻҲùĸõҩˮ󣬵ҩˮ⣬ĸ׺ҩˮȻǸ׺ҩˮȷҩˮЧѾûһƿҩˮˡ
ַ糯һۣЦһƿҩˮǸСȰɣ˼Ҳʺҩˮ
ˣѵûʲôҩܰ˼𣿡гԴʵ
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ҩˮļֵѾ޷ԽǮַҲûҩˮǮ
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ַ粻Сֻʱ÷ƢҪģһϺˣɲʲô顣
ҲǵģǮǮǮǮҩǮܺ𣿿Ժ󻹸Ҳ˵Թ
ߵ߾ȹ·ӣԹ꣬ʵ·䳡ڰԼɷء
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ַȴǾĿǰһַۣܺãǲˣһʶֻû뵽̶ʱ䲻ѾΪгˡ
ггຮѣ˵ĻûӪַȴһҩζ֮񲻶Ը
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ַüͷȻŮˣɺŮҲûгĿ⿴˺ܲ
˵ַҲǰгģû뵽ȴǰﵽôһˣԼʱϹˡ
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ַгһۿַ磬ַ绹Щӡ󣬸оϤ벻ַ˭ַᵽֳĳƺгЩˡ
гȵ˵֡ϴҩĺܹð
ǵַθҩַʲôѾˣղгܹ˳Ҳͽ˳
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֪ҩˮЧ֮гڲѣΪʱҪַĵ绰ˣҷʱ򣬷Ҳ˵Լûַĵ绰Ҳôгû뵽Ȼϲ⡣
гǰȵ˵һٺҰϴκҵθҿɻûкúллء
ַЦЦվվôֵԭأ˵гˣСһֵһᡣ
ַ̬ȣгüͷһ壬Щã㲻һ˰ʲôףҪĶ
һ˿ãгصļãֻ΢΢üͷ̾͹Ц⻰̫ˣҩκҵθҵĴ˰ɣǺúþһۣŮҲһô˶һ㣬Ҳһ㡣
⻰˵ĺܺ˶֪˼
гַ磬ѯʽʵ㿴ַ֪ʲôԲ˵ַ粻ܾ԰Ŵ
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гͻȻһ˼λгܣ治úҲκϵģгĵλеǷʰ
뵽εЦгҲû˼˽
гʱҲع̹ЦƢҲ̫˰ɣСҲû˵ʲôò
гַֿ磬ٴ˵ҿǳĳģҵĴˣҲҪһαĻᣬҲǸҼӰɣҲҪҺúþ۾ۣʱŮһˣθҩܲٴһҵθʱᷢҪܳԵ㿪θҩǾòˡ
һƤ湻ģģһַҩˮ⡣
гȻַҩˮˣΪٳ˲ٶθַθҩθЧҪܶŪƿθҩͷ쵼͹ȥ϶ܲ쵼ĺøеġ
гĺ⣬ȴҲ׼ŭַ磬ɫ˵ȥ˸ڣҪĶ
гɫʱҲˣɫԲ۾ŵʵ˵ʲôҹȥ˵һ鿴
ǶгҲ˵ʲôȻô˵


239 ŵг
гŭˣʲôȻҽҹӲ㣬Ӳ
гŭĿݺݵĿַ磬ҧгݵ˵ֵģ̫ˣɽˮ꣬ҵһ죬һ֪ʲôרġ
гȻǷŭˣвĻҲ˵˳⻰Ȼ˵ޣڳ˶˭еĺ壬Ҳ֪геĴ⡣
ַ絭һЦгͻȻһȵ˵ףˣҿƸǶѪֱ֮컪Ѫְ֮ҿϵѪ֮Ҫڽ£ſأ϶ûأңңȰһ䣬Ͻؼϴ˯û׼ڱӹһ١
ַ⻰˵Ҳ񶾵ģ˭ҲûĻ棬ֻǵ
гȻŭַָ˵úúã֣ơ
һҲˣ˦ˡ
ȵгˣ̾һַ˵ȻгȷᣬϾгܹ鲻ʲô顣
Ҳǲתַ磬ϣַƢˣƢ̫壬ܲʲô顣
ַ˵ллгĺˣ˾˾һߣҾһɣҲҲҸ档
гҲĺˣִ֪ģһҲС˵־˼졣
ַг֮飬Щ棬˳
ַ˵Ҳûʲôгǹ̾־ֳʱһηʶΪѵѣθҾ͸һҩθκˣҵʱҲŽԵ뵽һ壬Ȼˣҵʱǿۣû뵽ǰôһһ
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ַʵгҿǺôԸӣгļߣ
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гѹ˵гͶߵĺܽܵöǵĿУôҷ
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Գʹһ֮ŶӽϣЩۣȥһϴּ䡣
гԭЩεģҳ֪ʶȤʡȥε鷳
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кַŰᣬֱȥһͷϴּ䣬ϴּڣַһ˲ƶгǰϴּ䣬Ȼ״̬Ŵϴּ߳
Ƭ̺󣬰˱ַߣַŴ͵гʵʲôΥҼ͵飬ȫ˵
ǡгûκηͰԼΥҼ͵˵˳
һ￴һǳģȴǺɫҪϲ鸾ޣʲôŮʲô˾Ů飬
гҹǷǳķḻʰ
˺ɫ֮⣬гвḛܻ֮̈飬Ҳûٸɣ飬㹻εˡ
г·ǳСģû֤ݣԼϣĻȴû취ˡ
ˣ֤ȷַٶ־ûѹˣɶǾҶְɡ
뵽ַһЦг˵˼䣬гġַԭ·أִϴּ߳
ַûлȥᣬһһͣĳгİȥ


240 ɻг
ַո뿪г֮⣬ȫָ
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Զԣгˡ
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˾ƵгҲ֪ܵķɿ죬׷ʱ򣬾Ȼ·ӶѵˣϾֻʣһˡ
סˡ׷˲żæץסֻſõгǧгܵˣĻĿ֮£ɾͶ
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ģӲˡгּأ鼸ıףݺݵһ䣬Ҳȥгˡ
ܣҲûãгȵ־壬ֵܡ
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ǵģɻǴķǳ𾢣ֻĳ־ʵ˲ҹάֻǶ̶һӵ飬ͱ˳ֻһ㣬Ȼƽʱ̫࣬Ѿûжٵҩˡ
ֳһƬ壬ĿɿڴĿгɻȫɵۡ
죬ֻ
˵ˣղŴһΣҲˡ
ղžˣ̫źˣղǶˡ
ûϵȥҿռҵ¾ϴռȥƵ൱
ɻгƺˣʾһĶ˶ԼήС񣬻һ飬˹
гԴоԼԴˣ԰Լûȶپưôоˣ
ףôôˣΪʲôЩ˶ڿԼ
гԴоЩԾֲ֪ﲻԾ
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һˤˤĺݰأгһҽгѪ˳ӶˤˣҲˤˡ
һˤ֮гȻ˹ȥμΣֻԼ֪ˡ
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뵽ַԽַļɵҲˡ
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ҺãҺãԼûеһύԼĪ˰
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ƽסһҹ֮󣬵ڶ糿ַ翪뿪ƽС
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241 ɽׯ
ڹ鱨ϵͳַڻľڸʵķֲǳ
ƽ뿪ַ֮ĵڶĿĵؽдɽ
ɽƽһʮеɴɽׯڴɽڡ
ĹڵʵմּĲͬΪ࣬һΪּפǸУһΪּפ˼ɽ֡
Ϊ˿ڲ࣬νɽҲԽԽ٣ܶҲ׷֮ܵУּţѾԽԽˡ
ĺôҲĸּУȴ˵ˡ
Ͼи֣ͬҲи֡
ַ¸ĿǴɽׯ
Ŀǰɽׯеɣһ״ƽɽׯڹеһʮ
ʵϣʮǰɽׯϵȴɣɽׯһ򣬵ܿϧҲһ죬ȵȥ֮󣬴ɽׯˣʮҲûֳ֣Դϵȴɵֻеɡ
ɽׯ꣬ʵɽׯڲرַ·˵أǰ鿴
ɽׯ·ϣַһֱʹѰ⾵Ѱұֻϧôңһ·һ·飬һ
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ףв߰ӦþǴɽׯڵ˰ɣãȻûаһ˰ȷĿַ꣬ĽѰ⾵
ɽׯڴɽֻһС·Եɽׯǿȥˣֻܿ˫·
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Ӵɽŵɽׯʮ·̣Ȼ·խܿԽҰĦȴǿʹãַһĦǰɽׯ
ȥɽׯɽ·湻ߵģĦгҲĺܡ
ַͻȻǳҪһֻħһֻҲðͻеȣȻӦҪߣ޷ͨĵ·ħﶼܿͨһȴ޷ġ
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ϴүԼĸоǳţɨΧһȦû˺󣬽Ϩ̧ȥˡ
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ȻűǲİԲ֪ʲôûа취鿴ַľڣҲ޷ֶԸַˡ
ķλɽĵζַ֪һµ飬ҲͼˣʮӺ״ַ̬磬ɿĴӴɽׯ˳Զɽׯ֮󣬿Ħгɽ±ȥ
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ղһķǳΣգַŪΪʲô˲ƶʧЧ
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ַ羪һܿȥԼĻеŹ֡


242 ɽ
ַ羪һܿȥԼĻеŹ֡
ַƯһ㵭ɫǳϡȻܵӰ죬֮⣬ͿֻܿŨŨտȥͬˣͷϵƣȫʧֻһƬɫգһƬɫڸǵɫա
ղŴ¶ϵʱ򣬸ɫֻ䵽µ׵ʱ򣬲ſɫһԵ÷ǳŹ֡
Źַ֣绹оΧԪزҲ쳣ĹŹ֣һ˵Ĺо
ַٴγ˲ƶɫ̳˲ƶЧ˲ƶԵ޹ЧģĿռ䱻סˣռ䶼סˣȻ޷˲ƶ
˲ƶȻĸ֮һҲ޷ƣڹ½вٷ˲ƶķӣЩһⶼֶΣһ£ġ
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ռ䲢ûֹӦַϵ˼ӥüӥϽиӡ
ַ緢Ӧͨӥߴӿнй۲졣
һ޴ɽȣɽȱ֣ȵ׵òӥΧһȦѾɽȵĳڣɽȵĳڶߡ
ͬʱӥ׷ٶһȺߣܹŹֵ飬Щ߲ûгɽڶȥԭ·ˡ
ַһʱΪʲôǻôˡ
ЩɽׯĹȻ֪ɽȵĹΣգǼʹַ֪ȵףҲԸȵѰǱԵƷ
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Ȼַ粻֪ĿǰһʲôǴӦúͿռħЧ൱ɡ
ַĳܿһۣȻٻһֻԪױױɽȵĶȥɽȵĳڴ
ױɿĳŶȥܿģױӰʧɫŨ֮С
ַٴһ֣ѻ޺ٻߣȻ۾ȫעױ
ԼӺַ۾һĨ𾪵ɫױѾˣǱһ
ױʵȻǿҲǶԪޣַԼҲһ
ױ·ʲôˣȻһ

ַ޷ȷױʲôˣԪޱϾֻٻޣͨҸôһξ룬ͨױɱĶʲôˡ
ͨױַҲѾףƬŨȷһֺǿĴڡ
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ַٴγտȥַıµɽڣܴܲȥ
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ַԽԽߣʮףʮףʮףʮ׵ĸ߶ȣһ㵭ɫ֣סַȥĵ·
ַǰĹֽħǺܿϧ˿ַħڹ˵޹ʹûκӰ졣
뿿Լħƹ֣ǲܵ顣
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ûַԲߣŨͻȻ˳صĽŲǽŲǳƣͺһַֻ
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ַͷһٴδһ׷ǶȻһˣһŹŴ׵ˡ
ķǳߴϣһװɫۼףͷֳһѿؽһɹŴĴ硣
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߽ʬϵ߽ʬҲ꣬ʬԽãʵԽǿֻĽʬ»ǳ
ڽʬַ粢£ڹ½ʬһ֣ûʲôúµģѣֻֻʬ̫ãʵǷַ粻֪Լܷȡʤ
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ʱŴʬ˫һһһ죬ֻʬȫͷ·һڵһ㣬ԼٶԽʮ׵ľ볯ַȥ
һַϣʬٶ̫ˣͶ㲻
ַͫһв·һ㣬ĲϣһȻ޷
һ죬һԵĻ޺ַײһѽַײַ类һײʱ㿪˽ʬĹΧǻ޺ȴ䵽˽ʬǰֻŴʬһᣬصһƿУ޺Ѿһ롣
ַοˣǰѳ˸Ű糤Ļɫ⣬ǺϽâ޼᲻ݣ֮ɱ
նɱ޺󣬹Ŵʬתӣַһն
ϾһֻʬؽڽӲתʱһģһģַӹһ١
ʬתһնʱַϾݺݵĴڽʬϣһκβֻŴʬʬ˿ַȴڷ£˳ȥҲַĿģɾķʬĹ
Ȼַɳȥڶ㿪ʬǱɱһ
ַȴû˿иΪֻʬһɱ˹


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ǽʬ˫һһֳַɱ
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ǽʬԴ߷ââ޼᲻ݣ֮ɱַʩչħܣҲһ롣
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ʬ֮Ա֮ΪʬΪǻӲرǹؽڲλǽӲޱȣ޷ת
ΪؽڵĽӲֻŴʬһնɱ޺֮󣬱ת򣬲ܻɱַ磬Ҳһġ
һģַץסᣬȻݺݵĴڽʬϣֻϧֻʬޱȣʵʻľڽʬϺץ࣬ԽʬһҲûС
ûйϵַҪıһ֮һַ巴ȥ볤ĹΧ
ûַһһãһַ⳯ɨ

ַзһӣϴ洢ħ̳Žȥ׻нȴ÷飬һȴҲý֣һ˲䣬ַؿڡ
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Һַϴôһ˵ĳ£Ļһ㹻ַһ롣
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ʬؿӡַûκϲãΪַ֪ӡûжôסǿʬġ
ؿĿռ䱻ȫܷ⣬ֻܹ·棬ǺܿϧؿԼķһϸڳ룬ΪڣסеĽʬġ
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ַֻʱҲǳܵģþάֵּĿҪĺֻܴһ𿪻ַľЩܲסˣҼֶӵķǳ죬תۼ䣬ֵֻӵҪˡ
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ӥȻҲֻʬĶ֣˼ӥַܵʱ
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ͬʱַ羫һ׳ŽʬȥףѾвֱַ򿪱գը
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ַѾԶ뱬ըģڿзȦ֮ץסӥֿٵĳԶȥ
ַȻûлͷľ飬ıըκβֻʬܲ˶һء
ַһץסӥצӣһ֣ɿóһƿҩˮȥ
Ƭַ̺ɫһ䣬µҩˮȻûзЧǰ˿ϣһ㵭Ľһ㵭Ľֹ˿ڵϣǰ˿ϵĽĻǰ˿ڣͲϣѪҲַܰ
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ַһǿԼ侲ԽʱԽҪ侲ԴΨ侲ԳԲߡ
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·һֻ취ȥǻΨһϣ
ԴӦôأħ󻹺һ㣬ַ綮ħԴѰңǰĴħ󰡣ȫִָѰң
ģƴһƴ
ַܲôˣֻܰħķȥѰԴ
ַħʦļ䣬ħ󲢲İȻ֪Ѱħ֮еԴ
ħķַоһ£еԪ̳ű߷ȥԪر仯죬ħۣԴڵӦڱߡ
˵ĽŲĸˣƬֻ̺ʬƿŨ׷˳
ַͷһֻʬһƬըۼǾַϣûˣ˵ˣϵףҲû˿𻵣⵽ôаҲ̫ˣǹףһ㶼ûް
ʬԽ׷ԽȻһԾŰеַ˹⽩ʬ̫ˣһʮ׸ߣ߾پҪַ硣
ʱϵɫַ⣬˽ʬϣʬԾűȥ
ڽʬµͬʱʬеĳһһֳַɱ˹ȥ
Һһַ׼ӥȻһ򣬴ַ㿪һ
Ȼ㿪˽Ҳַųһ亹û뵽ǶڰУȻҲȫ
ϵȻѽʬ䣬Ҳκβֻʬʬ֮׷˹
ɲ׷ˣ̫ײУһбɱΣա
ַٴδӴռóһףӴ򿪣һ䣬ʮ׶Ưַߡ
ַ羫Ŀ£һգŵµĽʬݺݶȥغȻըȻ˲˽ʬǱըĳȴѽʬĺˡ
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ֶֻֻȨ֮ƣɱֻʬٶףҲûá
һſŵ׶ȥһ׺ܿ춪ַַ꣬ɿóһףͶƬ̹ףַ綪˸ɾ
Ȼ˲ʬЩҲѽʬʱڣַǰȫġ
ַڰȫķɵ˾ͷͷҲһƬ±ڣǴԴ
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ַ簵һ̳ȥȻԪر仯ıûԴôȥԪر仯͵߻ջˡ
ַҲûаգֻܾԡ
Ƭ̺ȫˣʬ׷ᣬνԴټַؿڵĽˣмصơ


244 һ߸ʬ
ַһһѪ˳
һԽԽˣѾ͸࣬γˡ
ʱַѾܲϵˣֻʬһԾȻҪ
ǽʬҲ֪̫߻ᱻ⹥ֻʮ׾ͳַһȥһһĻɫַ绮ȥ
һһУַԻᱻһΪ
ַȫעڷʬĽǽһħ
ף
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סħǽʬĿǣ˺ǻӰ졣
ܵ׵Ӱ죬ʬһʱƫַ˫Żȥӥ˳һζĹ
ȽʬٴϮַ綯ǳĴӴռóѰ׾ѻǹ
ѰھĿ£ַһſǹڶ׼˵ĽʬȻǹ
أ
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Ѿѻǹǹգֻǹڽʬϣ޴ĶܣҲֻýʬһ׷
ѻǹҪȼָÿƣرǿѾѻǹһǹ׼ȷԾ͸ˣο޷þţ޷ʹþ׼£ǹĿ꣬Ѿ൱ĳɼˡ
ַһǰһþư׾ѻǹоѻýʬĹӻ
Ǿѻǹ̫ÿˣַͽʬڲϵ˶УδУżȻûеʱ򣬾ֻʬкüζҪַС
һߴһӣַ缸ڴӱܵߣǰһ׺һ޴ʯַߡ
ʯûʲôϡĵطǹŹֵˣʯϣȻһˡ
һֻûеĹطȻʯϻһˣĪַ̾Ŀ⡣
ַһת򣬳ʯתˡ
ַͬʱҲеʬˣ
һУַ̽ҪĺУʲôӦ
ʲôӦҲûУʯϣɶҲ
˵䣬ӥַɵʯϿգַڿ˵òȻһ䡣
Ǹˡ
ʯһϵˣϵѣȻǰҵĴ򶷣ݻ߷ǰģֻѾƸԣһۿȥ֪һ߸ʬ
ӸʬӦȥܾˣ󣬾ϵ˲õġ
ֻʬʱҲ׷˹ʱʯΧ˸˾ŵ̹⣬̹һڽʬϣŵ̹Ҫ֮ǰϵ̹࣬ŵ̹ڽʬϣȻǽʬɳȥ
ɳȥĽʬſ췢ŭַһֻʬ
ȻǾŵ̹⣬ֻʬˣŭڣ
̹ǽʬĿǣŵ̹һ򣬽ʬַһ󣬾Ȼҿˡ
ֻʬҲûȥΧʯΧ
̹Ҳ⹥ֻеʬʯΧʮڣǾŵ̹⣬Ż֮
ַ翴ôϲûˣʯԴҲǿĵطֻʬҿ
ѽãֻʬҿԼóȻȥ·һ
Ҳԣ
ַˣԼڿͣʯϿյģ϶̹ĹΧڣ̹ҪԼʹˣΪʲô̹ûж
ַˣԽʬвõģֻṥʬṥˣԽʬַܽȴԽ
ȻˣַûóȻжڿٻһֻױױʯȥղŵȷģôֻױ϶Ҳ
ӿµױȫ䵽ʯϣ֤ղŵȷģֻԽʬ˿԰ȫ롣
ַڼӥצ£䵽ʯϣӥ˫һգҲͣһԡ
ʯ̫࣬ƽףͣǼȴûġ
һʯϣַһƨͬʱһѪ
ؿڵһԽѾܵ˺˱Ƚˣء
ֻʬҲ֪ʲô޳ĽҪǸղѾһҶΣַ綼֪Լֵܷ
³Ѫַ粻ҵٴκһƿҩˮȻµҲһ̷ȥ
ȻβԽ˺Ƕ˵ȷЧַܲô࣬ȻЧ̳¡
Ż¶ǣһůĸоַӵˣӻ
䲻ڣȻ֪ʲôǽħϲû𣬶һ£˺ڹ½ֶοԽд
һǺ¸߼ҩˮҩˮɢ˿ڵ˿ƻµȻҲͺðˡ
ڶǿħ͢ʦʹùħɢ˿ϵƻӶﵽĿġ
ֻ֣ܿԼȥк˿ڵƻķͬʱҲ鷳ķΪ˿ڵƻʱַ޷Ч
ԣҲ֮µı취
ȻַھֻʹֱˣΪܵĸ߼ҩˮǹʦַڿҵģڵĽ˺ֻܿԼħȥˡ
⻹ַһƷǳİֻƵķһ飬Ϥ֮󣬲ſʼơ
ַڵħӿȥ̸оУһ̴棬ǱЩļ˺ˡ
ַħʼɢе̣Щ̫ˣÿֻɢһ˿˿Ҫȫɢ֪Ҫòɡ
ȷЧ̫̫ˣЧر
ַ̾һ֪ԭڣҪħĲ̫ˣõȴ̫ǿͺһשͷȥĥĳשͷĥˣȻûġ
ȻҲĿǰΨһܹ˵ķҶεҩԻûɢȥַץʱˡ
ŬСʱַ֮ȶµˣǶʱܹκõģκãַҲԼܹӳȥʱްҪ룬ôӳȥ
ӳȥĹؼӦþߵʬˡ
˵ϴõĵۣǵȻãǴڵ֮ãʬ嶼Եˣ۵ɫȻޣɴ˿ɼҲͨƷ
˵֮⣬ֱ߷һѳһƤƤѪд֣С׭дɣѪѾɺԣȴεӡƤϡ
֮⣬ڵ˵󣬻һСľ䣬ɽ˿Ƴɣ𣬻ɢһɵľ㡣
ӿһ룬һЩʯͷַһʯͷһۣʱһȻʯƷʻ൱ĸߣַĿǰƷʵʯƷʯ
ʯһţǰӣٿţַ綼ɵˣôôʯ
˾ʲôܹôһ󣬶Ҵôʯ˵ݿ϶ǳһ㡣
ַĿٴοеƤƤϵݿԸַ֪Ĵ𰸡


245 
С׭ʼͳһȫСͬģͬ족ͳһߣ˹عԭʹõĴ׭ĵĻϣм򻯣ȡ֣Ƶͳһֺдʽ
С׭һֱڻеĩ꣬𽥱ȡʼձ鷨
ַеʱһʱ鷨ҲѧϰС׭ȻĲ࣬ǿݻûġ
ַҲȥǿƤƤȥ
Ƥͷдһţ˵Ԫ꣬Ԫꣿ
Ԫ꣬źϤˣԪ꣬˾ｫȥȥַ֮ԼǵԪ꣬Ϊһ꣬ھȥȥ
Ԫ꣬Ǻʱڰǧˡ
Ѳǰĵʬ壬ǧǰ
ַ粻ʵӣרעĿȥ
С׭Ĳ֣ЩֻſԿԺݻǿöġ
ƤдԪ꣬ػʵعʬݱǧ˷֮ɱʬκʬǿᣬ˲Уֻһ·ߣ֮أ¾󣬽ʬڴ˵أ飬ϣӵܹɱʬ
ȵ顣
ַƤƤƲ⣬ǰĴеĽʬǧǰĺʱڵĴˣֻʬݿ»ӾԶ
ֻʬҲǷǳ򵥣ȻػʵعػʵعӦǺʼйˣĪֻʬʼʣ԰ɣʼǻʵֲۣǽˣҲᴩսװӦòʼʡ
ƤϵݣַֻܿţľͲ֪ˡ
ַ緢ϵ˺ɨȥȻڴѹ¾ֻף鿴ȴ㹻ˡ
ھĲ鿴ƷַУһ©
ǽ˿ľʯʮţһ飬ľƿֻͼһš
ĺöڽ˿ľˡ
ַӣȽʯ봢ռ䣬ȻСƣͭƳɣС׭Źȶ֣һɽˮͼ
ƻһǳŹ֣Ƶ߲룬ǳֲľ״Ƶм仹εԲס
ַ翴˿ƣȻͰ
Ȼֻƿֻƿð̶ɣƿƿǣһɵҩƮɢȻƿŵҩǺܿϧҩѾֻ꣬¿ƿˡ
ڻʣıһŵͼ
ǵͼƤƳɣڵͼϽдع֣Ѳŵͼָػʵع
ͼϳع֣û˵ͼͼΣַҲ֪عʲôطֻܵȻųȥҵͼжԱˡ
ı
ַԭֽƳɣȫƤƤϻɢһɵҩ㣬Ӧҩˮݹǧ꣬ıȻãûκ𻵡
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Ȳ󷨡ǹŲ֮ͨ¼ǹŵ书ķ
⡷Ҳ֪ʲô飬ַ绹û
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¶عޱʬʬسɷɣ̷ɲʬ
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֮ûκ쳣Ҳ֪浤Ǽٵʼʵֻһã°˿ŲŻʹ͡
˭뵽ҩҹ֮󣬵Ȼҩľȫʼʵػʵع°˵ʬҲȫᡣ
ʱ䵽˺ʱڣػʵعĹ߷֣Ĺھػʵعûڵأȴһʬ˳
ʬǴ󽫾ɷɡ
󽫾ɷǰǾ֣һֽ˫ɽʬ֮󣬽Ȼ˻һƤӲޱȣܵС
ʬɷɳ֮ݱǧɱջ˾Ѫøǿ󣬶Ҳ𣬳ɾͲ֮
ɳһʦ˻ɱʬɷɣǹȵţǽ𵤸ִ֣λ֣Ȼܹɱʬ
뵽ʬǿޱȣǲ֮ι޷ɱʬֲܹԸġ
һս֮󣬰λȫɱֻƾΪ
֪ʬ֣ʬҹ֮ڽʬ֮أҲ¾𵤣Ӷ󣬽ʬɷڴ֮С
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𵤣
ַЩɻ󣬽ָʲôôн־磿
֮УжԽ𵤵ע⣬ǽָ޵˵Ľ𵤣޳ɽ𵤣Ƕˣ˾Ϊ
һ鿴ַ꣬һɻͬʱַɻȴҲˡ
Ȿյռ䣬ַóȲ󷨡ϣⱾйھ˵Ӷַӳ졣
Ȳ󷨣ǹȵĲ֮أ¼˹ȶ󷨵֮
ȵħȫͬħʹøħϣӶħ
ȵȴǽʱĲͬӶﵽĿġ
Թȵ󣬲ʱؽвãֻʱܲӦ󷨡
ַУҵ˾󣬾Ƕ֮һֻ֮زܲþ
þ˵֮⣬ҪʯҪʮʯŻἤ
ޱȣ֮أҲôײɹǽ𵤸֣Ҳ𵤣Խ֮󷨡
ɱʵһԾ֮סʬڴ˾ڣ֮᲻ĥʬ֮ӶﵽɱʬĿģʬĲ֮һĴ󣬸ɱ˲¾󣬰ʬסɱ
һסǧ꣬ʬɷɵʵѾڴɱʮȥˣĻȫʢʱڵʬɷɾǽ𵤸ҲĶ֣һͿɱַ硣
ַһʮȥˣôʬǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
ɱ󣬽׳ȥѣȻ󲢷ַ磬ַ󣬾޷ȥ
Ҫһڶǿ
ͱˣȥһĿܣϾйؾͼͲַ֮С
ַֻٴ̾һΪ£ǶʱܹŪģŪ޷ȥй鷳ˡ
ַҡҡͷ飬Ǳ⡷


246 
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⡷Ŀƪ˸֡
Ȿ⣬Ӧǵҵ伮ǵİ塣
Ǻܳһֶַ粻ʲôе
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ҳ֪Ƶ֮ڽ֮£
Ϊл棬º˵ĵ
֮ԴҲĸ
ԯϸأмصĵһλˣԯгɣԪ˰أŹΪ
ź֮࣬ԴԯϽŹΪ֮֮иֱ塢ɱޣˣˣ̾ԭ
磬ͣƷ磬һƷڶƷ쾳Ʒ𵤾ƷԪӤƷԪ񾳣Ʒɾ
ƷɾǾˣͬ٣ͬԡ
ʱҴңʱʢת˥˥Ӧ˶ΪԽӰԽɾĸӰдͷ֮֡
ɸ˵ǵʳÿյСÿĵǵСȻҲͱסˣڱ
٣ǴĸԴɴˣΪᣬ֮սɴ˶
սһ˴룬뵽һսرɫɢԽ٣ȵҲ˵ڡ
ս󣬱һλˡ
֮ԽԽ죬ֹأԪҲٶսʱԪӤҲһ
ˣԪԪӤǿ֣ǽ𵤾硣
ȵĴʼԻӣһ𵤸֡
Ȿ⣬ǹӣȺдͶɡ
ݹӵԤ⣬ԽԽ٣ļ٣ѶҲԽԽ󣬻ٹǧ꣬Ҳ޷˹´£ԸܹУȵػ֮ʱ
ļٺӣһڣȵȫľٶȱʱ򣬱ˣֻǹҲ̾ԼԶҲȲһˡ
⡷ַ綼ɵˣŴɵģ
ַһֱΪ񻰴˵ܹǰ½֮ҲΪϵĹ¶񻰴˵
ǴӴЩˣĴڣֻΪɢˡ
ʲôԪصһֽз
ַ֪Խ࣬ɻ󣬷ҲԽࡣ
ϵԪܶƺ͹½ԪܶȣҲǽ͵أ
ȵȣȵȡ
ַĳͻȻһ顣
ڹ½ʷϣҲֹ
ħʦļ䣬½ԶʱʱڰʱʱʱԼڵʱ
ΪƷͳռ½Ա֮Ϊʱ
ԶʱʮǰʱǰʱһҲһͳδصʱ
սԪرңӶԪسϫӶ޷ʹħĺڰʱڰʱά֮ãҵԪؿʼָµͽʱ
ǧ󣬾ƶ𣬽ʱ뾫ʱ
ԪسϫӰһֱûֹͣԪƽ֮ԪصȴԽԽ٣⵼ħԽԽѣȵĸʧȥ֮󣬾µĸԽԽԵ
ڴڼ䣬ѧħͶã͵͵ֹһǧ֮꣬иֱΪԪصļ٣ĸַԽԽ١
գ˾۹Ļս֮ռĵأ˴ˡ
ԪسϫӰ첢ûΪ٣ǼһֱӰ쵽ڡ
ҲΪʲôŴҪڸָԭ
٣½Ԫسϫ֮䣬ǲʲô֮ͨ
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𡶴⡷ַ緭Ǳͨ¼ǹȵţоַ֪Ĵ𰸡
ͨ¼Ϊ֣һڹķһ书ʽ
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ףôȫһַ翴˹ͨ¼ڹķͻȻһ㶣ڹķôȫһ
书ķַҲкüˣ书ķҲһ˽⣬Ȿͨ¼ڹķȴ֮ǰڹķȫͬ˵ԯޡ
ͨ¼ַõЩڹķȫͬͨ¼յԪڹķյԪأھ
Ԫھƺͬһֶ
ַȤһӴЩھַʲôЧûУƺڷµĹһھԪҲ֪ܲɹ
ַԪھȫͬǸһԪأǸ
ݡͨ¼Ĵȴмѭ֮Դ򷨣򷨣Ҳɴ
лᵽһ㣬سֻ绯һΪһΪħħ
ֻħ֮䣬ͬԴħԻת
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ַһ뵽ԪأԪܹںԪأҼħΪɫɫַ罫֮ΪԪء
ôԪ֮ơ
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ѹԪܹԭô󰡡
ϸĶԱȣַֹ֮罥ĿһЩŵˡ
͹ȵĹȣڵڹķҪҪҲӵ
ַ²⣬Ϊޱ䣬ʹԱ˲͸˵ˣ޸ģִѾȫʧȡ֮ھ
ȻھȲ޷ھȴڵĹ˵ھҪӺʡ
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ھȻΪûĸԶҲɾ֣쾳ǵĶ㣬ڽ𵤾磬ѾΪ˴˵
ȷ˫Ƕִ˵һĹȴһǴ
ͨ¼̫ˣַֻܿţãȫܡ
Ҫͨ¼ҲҪַȫС׭лᣬѧС׭ȴҪȥпܣѧᡶͨ¼ʹӮʬɷɣôܳȥֳΪһˡ
һ
˭˵һҪѧᡶͨ¼ܶԸʬɷɵģħѵͲ
ʬųƲ֮ǲĲĲֻ֮ǳǿĻָ繥ʬĻָ;лᣬɱʬ
ԶԶԣлɱʬһɱʬͿԳȥˡ
һµ뷨ַ･͡


247 
ַóħҪԸʬֻܿħ
ʬ̫ǿַַ̫ĿǰʵʬվŲַɱַҲɱҪɱʬʵ
ʵ׵飬ʯడʮʯ̵ַʱڽħʿ
ַ糯棬һֻۣʬȻҲûоʹȥǾվΧַ硣
ʬڻǳУɽַΨһʬɷɳڱܣסַ硣
ַջĿ⣬ȥʬдػʬҲ
ַһʯʼ
ʱһĹȥַΪٱǣڵʱַΪħʦ۷ԲԳħʿ硣
ǵ˾磬ַٴνƿǺ˼Ӳޱȣ޷飬Ǻ˲ƣƲҲ޷
ûйϵַ֮ǰֻҪԪأŶӦýԪˣӦýֻҪͿǺˡ
ַ翴۴ռ䣬ʣµʳѾˣֻάʳãʡŵԣԼָá
ַ֮ǰû뵽ᷢ飬ûڴռﴢʳŵʳȱ
ʳǸȵ⣬ˮûйϵַʹħȡˮˮҪٶû⡣
ÿʱʵСʱµ飬ַ綼оʹ⡣
˽ĵַ֮оԼаϸĹۿ
һַȴʧˣû뵽ڵǺ˼̣ʮʯ֮ǺȻ޷ơ
ֹ죬ַٴʮʯ֮һǺˣؾǺˣħʿ硣
ַû뵽ħʿľڵ˳
ħʿֻȴħʦһ磬ħʿħʦȫͬһħʿڿԶԿʮħʦǸࡣ
Ϊ˽ħʿ磬ǰǰһȥʮ߿ʯʱһʮ졣
һʮʱ䣬ַʡʳҲʳȫԹ⣬ʱͼܣڱ֮ǰ취ӳȥ
ַĶĺöһֱлԭֻʳȴʮ죬ȻûжҲûκһǳԱģַĶӲǾ͹ˡ
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Ų˵˲ƶǿ汾ֻǲͬ˲ƶŲǳƶ԰ѴŲƶ汾Ĵͷ
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Сʱַս
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սãٴλַ˵ս練õļܡ
սǿʹַѧϰܵʱٴһַ֮ɹħʿϵħԶԸʬɷɡ
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ַħʿ磬ַҲΪԼʬɷɵĶ֡
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ַȴΪħһָ̾ȷħ
ʬĳǿַָ粢⣬Ҳ֪ʬôɱģ׼
ֱַħȫľָ̻ħȻظ
ʬɷɵĲ֮ķǳַȻǿҲɱַûвΪַ֪κһ伫޵ģʬĲҲ⡣
ַ粻ϵʹ׵繥ʬҪʬĲ֮ȵٷõʱ򣬾ʬ֮ʱ
ַ粻߲ݣκ鶼ֻǲظʩչħʬ
ַûгκζֻǺ˵ˮֶۣĺ벻ܲ˴˯һҲ֪ڲ˯һ˯£֮ǰŬȫǰԼҲ
ˣ߲ݵĹ죬ʬϵףڲϵĹУ˸ϡãеĹֱʬϡ
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ȻĻޱȿĵģʬˣڿ뿪ˡ
ַһǿסؾ˯ĳ嶯Ƚʯ˵ʬӶ
Ȼʯʬɫ索ռ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôǴʬϵ϶ͨƷ׼ûġ
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ʬֻҪƿַͿ뿪ɽȡ
ͼַУͼ󣬵Ҳ̫ѡ
С֮󣬾ľŸȫַƻɴ˶ƣɽȵŨɢ

ƱŵɽһһЪĳŴɽȥ
żȻһλᣬɽιڴɽõĻ䣬Ҫ뿪ˣ뵽ĴɽҪ뿪磬Ҳϰɡ
ƵͲ󣬽ŶʮѣǺܲңȴ˰֢ҵȱֵʱѾǰ֢ڣϣǳã
֪Լ˾֢֮󣬺һҲʹĲѣַǳǿü˿ȥʹģһ֮ҳߣ˴ɽ
ɽҲ߰ƵԽԽã˰ȻɽǻҲ֪ʲôʱܵɽ
ףǰˡ
վԭĴǰ˵Ŀһ˿衣
ͷҺ꣬ģؿڵĳ»һϻѪĺۼ
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˺ˣ۾ƣɳƵʵгԵҼûԶˡ
ƾĿԷĵƻ˵Уһм鵰ɿҪ𣿡
ɿϲĶ׼ɽȥһٵģû뵽ȴó
۾һ˵ҪҪ̫ллˣһᱨġ
ң˰ɣҶˣʲôñģҾ⸱ģ㻹жңﰵЦȴְѱıҽĵɿ˳
ллùɿòĵһл̻ʵĳģû׼ǺüûԶˡ
˵Щ֣ö˶˵ôἸûԷֲּĵؤҲӰû׼ؤģһ˻Եĸء
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôô죬˶òٻҲȥƶһ
ȻģѾȥ׼Ҳ֮ǰˣҲϣԼİһ㣬ҪܹûʹľǾٺòˡ
ߵҲЩˣһԵĴʯͷóȪˮ
ҪˮСҭšֵһƿµĿȪˮȥ
ллٴεлŽӹȪˮǺܶòƶӡ΢һЩ
˳ԵĿ찡ƬʱͰͷĵɿˣһƿȪˮҲ˸ɾ
ллһᱨġ˸ո˵꣬ͱ۾
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Ʋ֪˽ʲôǿģͽҰˡ
Ȼ˻࣬Ǿ˵û飬Ӧ˯˰ɡ
ֻȴҲ벻ͨ˯Ҳôż˵˵˵ž˯ˣҲ⣬̫ټˡ
ιѣû°ɣҡҡԷ֣ǶԷһ㷴ӦҲûУȻ˯̫ͽвˡ
ҡҡͷʱҲ˲϶ԷˣӶԷ˹ȥɽȥ
ֻǲ߿ʮľ룬̲סͷ˯Ұˡ
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249 
һҲ֪˯˶ã˯̹ޱȣַ֮羫ʢһٶʧһûʧǶӣ̫ˣµĵɿͱɾӿտգл
ַۣͿ£Ů㶵ķŴҲ֪ʲô
Ů֪ʲô֣ͷϴñӣɫǳ԰ףûһ˿Ѫɫò㲻Ϊɫ࣬Ӱòòֻͨˡ
ŮַϲĽеҺû£ȻҶ֪ôźˡ
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ַ翴Ůм˵֪ôƺлľ֮
Ʋҡҡͷ˵ûϵģһ㵰ѣʲô֮ȻûҾˣټټˡ
ϰԵ˵ټֻһ뵽ԼҪȥˣټͲ˵ˣǲҪټĺá
ַЦЦ˵㲻֪Ѿ߰ûԹˣֶҪǳĵɿҿµʱļֲסҪҲпܵģо֮˲ϣǷ飬һᱨģ˵˵ʲôԸɣҿ԰ɡ
˵Ŀô󰡣ʲôԸܴǵģ񾭲˰ɡ
üüͷһ뵽ԷǸ񾭲㾯Ҳ˵Դ񾭲ǲΥ˼˳ŶԷҪǻˡ
뵽ЦЦ˵һԸ̫ˣܲܶἸ
ַһ㶣û뵽Է˵Ц˵˵㶼ʲôԸ
˵ǵ㵰ɿ΢Ƕַ˵ȴоֻ֮ҪԸ̫ѣ԰ʵ֡
ָͷ㵽ҵԸɶˣһҪĸ彡ꡣ
ڶҪС
Ҫܵ˳ϴѧ
ģҪ̵۾ָܹٴο۹⡣
壬Ҫҷݺõҵ̰ڰڵ̯
ô˰ɣ𣿡ƽһЦ¶һС
ַһͷЦû⣬С˼ԸҿԴɡ
ƵԸƺܶ࣬ʵܽҲһ仰飬ϣ⣬ַ˵Ը̫ѡ
ŶˡŶһԽ϶ַ񾭲ˡ
ȵȣ㻹û˵ԼԸأԼûԸ𣿡
ҵԸȴһ˿ãȻ
԰ʲôδɵԸ𣬻˵ʲô뻹ûʵַ֡ͷַ϶˯ʱԲ̣ԷܹȴԼߣȻĵԷֶԼжַŻ࿴Ҫ
Ļַò˵ô飬ֱӶשǱˡ
𣿡ƵƺһõĻ䣬˵һǵһ֣Ҫȫܿϧҳ費Ⱳӿûᵱˡ
ַͷûʲôֵģ󲿷ŮԿ¶еǵӰǵ룬ֻûǸȥʵԼѣǵ룬վֻһΡ
ôǵˣû⣬ҿ԰ʵַ֡ͷ˵
ЦЦȫַĻ棬ַ統񾭲ˣ΢Цųַӻ֣˵Уɣʲôʱʵҵˣٸһˡ
ַ翴ƣеȵȣĲ𣿡
һ㶣ܿвѵ񾭲
ַ˵ûĻٰƵĻӦû˶ˡ
һͷڵϵӣɲʵ˭ôٰ֪
ַ΢Ц˵ҽַ磬϶ʶң˵ˣһһᱨģԸѰ죬ҿ԰ȫɣϵĲҷ͸һԸˣһѲκõġ
ƾˣ˾񾭲ԼĲκõģ
ǲܰԼѾǰ֢ˣôεúãεúð֢ڣͳˣԼôû˵飿
Ҳ԰Էûб£ô֪Լа֢ģѵȴԼа֢ȻԼȦף
ƿЦԼҲ̫ˣôȦףȦҲԼģԼ֪Ȧס
ôҲ˵ԷбˣܿԼа֢ڣҲǺֶΰɡ
뵽ͻȻʵҽܿа֢
ѾѵҽԴˣĻҽôһ۾ͿԼ˰֢Էҽ»Ƿǳҽ
Ƶϣܹţ˭Ըȥء
ַ΢΢ͷ˵ҽɣֻҪ֪İ֢ҿκþˣԸҲɵġ
ΪöԷģַ˵ԼҽʵҲַ翴Ҫҽ鼮ҽ֪ʶǷǳḻģ˵һҽҲ
ڿƵĲȴҽ޹أΪַ羫һɨʲôͶ֪ˡ
֣ص˵ղŲ˼ҽˣҽƣұƾͿˡ
ַЦƣͦģزôһܵˣǴ֮ǰһΣ
ƳĬƬ̣ſЦ˵Ҳü˿Ҿô͵͵ĴӼ˳ڴɽ羰ܹڴɽӦҲǼҸ顣
ַȻͷ˵ԭˣҲãܹ˾һҲԾһ
ƻǸоԼһ㣬̲סʵĿκҵİ֢ҿǰ֢ڰ
֢ڿľ֢ûа취κõģƲţַĿκð֢ڡ
İɣ˵κãһκáַ΢Ц˵
Ƶͷֻϻһ˿ŵɫ
Ҳˣʵ̫ˣ֢ڿκã˵ȥҲûŰ
ַ粢û̽ƣŹлĶ˵Ҳ˰ɣȳԵ㶫Ȼȥơ
ԶûԵˡƲ˼˵ΪַҪԵʳ
ַЦ֪ûʳˣʳﶼҳԹˣҲ˺ܾ˰ɡ
ĵ֮ǰַ簤ͰԼеʳﶼַ磬ڷԼ˶ӡ
ַʵˣ˯ˣֻûˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򡣡
ǵڶˣ˯һһҹ˵
ллˡַٴεлһεлΪַ˯һһҹƾȻҲһֱػԼһһҹԵл
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ַЦҡҡͷģ϶ôҾͲᡣ
ַ飬ԷһԵľ御ˣҪԼ±Էȥɡ
˵ףַֻˣûôߵľ
ףˡ
ַͻȻ˵Īʲôˣʱһֻӥӥצϻץһֻɽ


250 Σ
ӥ£ɽٴηߣףַ˵ˣʲô˼
ŷߵӥƾȵĽеֻӥģ
ַЦŵͷͻȻһСʼɽ
飬ɰȫˡ
ַ紦ɽһУһˮͳǰɽˮϡ
ڴɽͬʱΧĿ֦ҶȫԶ˹£ַǰγһľַľһָȥǵָ䵽ľϣ̽ľĵȼ
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ƶˣħʦ֣
ηĸое㻼ûʧ᲻ƭ˵ģβҵĲǲ֣ǲǴԵˡ
ƺ˼ʱֻӥȥҴһֻҰá
ַƣֽҰôɾŵտ
Ƭ̺ɽȿãַֻݸƣȻԼɽڳ
һٿԵĹģַֻɽһֻҰãŰѶȫԱ
þûԹˣַԼԲĶӣĳһ
ַתͷԱ߿ȥӥһֻҰãԵѪ죬һ١
ħ޾ǺðôûԶһӰҲûУȻ
ʱַѾüӥȴץֻûȼӥַͼֲסˣʱպƣƵĵɿַʳŷ˯Ӷַһ
ȻоǵҲǶӶַɽȫԵ˳˰뱥
Ա𣿡
šͷţַʲôĿģҲ¶ˡ
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ʲôƣһĽҰͽа֢ƣ
ûôӣҵҩûˡַһ֣һƿҩˮݵƵС
ַ͵Ƶҩˮ֮İ֢Ϳκˡ
ҩˮ֢ͺˣظһΣĲš
Ȼҩˮ֢ͺˣôҺ𣿡ַ΢Ц˵ƻģ
⡭⡭ϻҩˮҩˮ֣ȴôҲҺȥ
ַҲ˵΢ЦĿƣˣںȲȾƵˡ
ҩֶ˶˿ַ磬ֿ˿еҩһҧͰеҩȥҪˣ԰ɣʲô
ҩˮպȲãһůůĸоʹθɢһ㶣úÿ찡ѵҩЧ
ֹһᣬƸоԼԽԽɣ֮ǰֲʹĸоʧˡ
ɫһȥززˣӲҲûˡ
ѵıκˣҲ̫˰ɣƲŵĵ˵
ַ΢Ц˵ûˣĲѾκˣư֢ҲԺܼ򵥵ġ
ҡҡҵĲĺˣƻЩš
ַһҡͷЦ˵Ѿˣˣ˵̫ҲûãȻصкȥҽԺһ£ʲôˡ
ţţлл㡣ˣΪԴ֮δһƸղҲԼ飬زӲûˣҲûʹоˣĲ˳Ѿˡ
߰ɡַߵıһתۣǱͲˡ
ƿһʲôħ
ħʿַ֮ڵѾԱ֮Ҳ֮ǰŵĿһЩֻһˣ¶СֶΣʲô
ҵСܣ̫ˣˣԼҪҪұ㡣
ããԼߡæ˵
ɽɣһλ̦еңʮûϵˣҪȥ
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Сʱ˽̦С
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֮ǰҲͳ˰뱥ڴ󲡳θڻָҲ
Ĳȳ˴ַ֮ĶӽıżһǴŹǣ˹ʵ˱ƣģҪҪȥˡ
ţҴһȥվƱҼ˻֪ҵĲѾˣҪǸ˸ˡƿĵ˵
Ҳã֮ͲҪ˵ˣԼڰɣ˵ȥˡַ˵
ɻʵȻҩܹư֢Ϊʲô㲻ģĳҩ׬ܶǮҲԾȺܶˣǺܺ𣿡
ַһҡͷܵģΪҩģʯͷģҵҩ̫ˣͲܴ죬Ҳڴ۵ĿܣͷϵҩˮҲ̫࣬β㹻βȴԲõġ
ҩˮ̫ˣǲܴۣǲҴۣ㹻ԶԿǿȨԱİΣĻҩˮֻСΧʹãַǲҩˮġ
һ죬ַڵҲûж֣Ժ޼ɵʱῼǰҩˮóģۣĿǰ£ǲôġ
ַ˵ƵԽĸмַ磬ֻ֪ҩˮܴۣź˵ϧȫİ֢߶ʹҩöð
ԼҲ֢֪˰֢ʹ;ϣư֢ҩܹ
ſպãһ㹻˵Ը֮Ҳٺϵ㵱ֵԸַ˵Űһп˹ȥ
Ƴһæѿ˻ȥòãκҵĲѾǳмˣǮҲҪ
ַЦְѿ˹ȥ˵Ǯǰ׸ģԤ֧Ĺʣúˡ
Ԥ֧ҲôడҲԼԭǮ̫ˣá
ַ˵ûܾǮļô죿ԺʹĽоܾ֮أļɹƶ㲻ΪԼҲΪ롣
ǮƼ˵ܵܿԷĵĲμӸ߿Լϲѧ㸸ĸҲС⣬̰ڡ
һգ仰ںܶʱ򣬶õġ
ǡǡԺַ˵ˣֻﻹŲٵĹǡ
ˣһ˵Ǿţһëҵ󰡣ҵҾҪ㣬㲻Ϊܱ˰ɣַ翪Ц˵
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һǮ㻨ҲĺˣԤĹʣԺ㹤ۣΪҹһӰɡһʱң
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ַ磬Ѿ̦ݣھôƵ307ŷ
ֹ죬µһݶţʾǰģֻм̵֣
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Դ˸ϰ壬Ҵעһ繫˾ԷϷ͹Ϸ͹кųһԷأͻԷԣԼӿ츲ȫ̡
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ߴһܼ򵥵Ľ򣬾ף׸ˣְҲ
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ǰٿɲַ֪Ѿ̣ԹԵ˵֪Щ£Ӧף죬Ҿ֪ʲôҪ֫ϣ棬Ů浽
ַһҡͷǷһ˿ЦļһƾҲ˵ˣ


253 ŭԮ
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뵽ַһֽȸУ̴򿪵ϵҪС׭ϣҪģڿʼռ
ǣڿʼռС׭ϡ
ռϵٶȷǳ죬Ƭ̺С׭ĺռɡ
ãٰһ飬ҵ伮кйصĵҵ伮кйصĹŴ伮Ȼࡣ
ַǳɻ
ؼһӵг׵ڳɵõͰҪ㣬ȥѰйļء
ַ򵥵Ľص㣬ЩԺŷѾˣ֪β
ַ翪ʼС׭ģĿǰм¼С׭һַ֣伫ãǹĿһͿԼסݡ
һ򲻵С׭ַһɨ˲Сʱʱ䣬ͰС׭ȫѧˡ
С׭ѧַٴóȵ鼮һιۿǲͬΪС׭Ѿȫѧᣬûä㣬ۿЧ֮ǰһ
ַеɻҲ˽⿪
ַ翴˹ȵ֮ȵ֮ڵڼ֮ȫͬڵڹ޵ԪȵĹ޵ȴԪ
ԭˣ
׹ȵĹַ֮һ
շǳнȹʱ򽲾ѭ򽥽ҴµʱҲ̫죬һ˿һ˿ڣͨ˽쾳磬ҲҪʮĿޣڴ쵽𵤣Ǿ͸ˡ
ٶȲڵڹ죬޳Ԫȴޱȣӵ伮еԪٱڵڹһ
һĲ࣬ȫ֮Ԫĸ֣㹻ͬһ޵С
ѹֹŴֶ·ˣΪĶһͬһĹŴߣҲҪڵࡣ
̴ַпһ㲻֮ͬԪߣƺûΪٵַʱȫͬ
ַҲЩɻΪʲôŴĹִͲʹˣ
ǵִʹЩھɲִǣڼҹҲڹŴģΪ޷Թ˲Ļϴڼҹ
ڼҹȻȲڼҹԼȴ޷ֹԾͲȽˡ
ַ粻ģڹȹѰҴ𰸣ͻȻ䣬ַ緢Լ©һط
һǳҪĹؼ֮Ҳ壬ֻ壬޳Ԫ
ᵽһ㣬Ũ֮Чѣ٣ѡ
ٴӶѣôǲ˵ٵһ̶ȵʱ򣬾أ壬ȻҲ޷
ַлȻΪʲô޷ڵֻھˣؼϡ
ȻֻҪԭΪ٣ŵҲ޷ˡ
һͨٷ
֪޷ԭַ뵽ԼΪʲô
ַԼḶ́ʵḶ́ǺһھַͬڤΧռеԪأȻۺڶԪϻΪһħھ£ϵĹУԪؼзͱôַڣӶ辶ĴﵽĿġ
ַٴλȻԭİؾҪʵڶԪܼ֮д壬Ӷ
ھֻǵһĳһԪأܰеԪشӻһļϵһȻҲĿģҲͲˡ
ҲСַڤַڤǹ½ۻν֮ʧ֮ǧûпַڤ֮ǰ˭Ҳ벻Ĺ֮ԭǿġ
Ŵ߶벻һ㣬ִ߾͸뵽һ㣬Ҳܹˡ
ַ˵ǹһλħʦڤˣʲôȴԤϵģǴַĸо˵ƺźܴı׶ˡ
ַ뵽һ⣬֮ǿڿԳɳôܲʹڤķԪأ
ַҡҡͷ뷨
ΪַУÿһڤ붼Զ޳ħֻ˼ٵãҪħתԪƺǼܵ顣
ԪӦ߲ͨģôʲô׶أǰǲⷽļأ
ַ粻ĵİͷϹŵ鼮һ飬ǺܿϧûƵؼء
˵ҲǣڤûڵϳֹôܻƵļء
ʱĻ˳ˣйϣѾռϡ


255 ĩ֮
ʱĻ˳ˣйϣѾռϡ
áַӦһȻʣۺϷ𰸡
ѾռйϢϢӴޱȣҪϢҲҪʱ䣬óԼ׽ϷƬʱϡ
Ҫ˵ǸöйϢĴڣϢǳӴֻټ٣ҪԼб
Ĺַ¾ˣһóĹ׾˱ϡ
ʼ𰸣Щ𰸵廨ţЩԹŴ伮ЩֻƬЩԵ̵£ЩԷ̾䣬һֹǹڣڹģһŹŴ伮УҲֹĲ
鲻֪һһϹйؼ¼ȻӴ
ϢӴˣǸͷ֮󣬴󲿷йϢ鹹ģǵ;˵ûôֻЩ伮йļأЩô
ַҲޣйϢһ飬һЩɻٴνҿ
ĳҰʷϵļ¼ʧʼڶĩ꣬ʱ˳֮Ϊң´ҵԭ򰴵ͷϡ
ⱾҰʷϻأĩ𣬴Ӵ֮˵õɣһλߣν֮ȣŵۡ
ȱ֮ΪˣʵûɣҰʷļأַ²Ӧһ𵤸֣֮󣬿¾û޳ɽ𵤣û޳𵤣֮󣬶֮֮ûˡ
ʱڣ佫Ƽֱ˵е佫֪ǵڣһ˵Ҳûг֣ŵԭر֣֮á
һʱڣޣڼҹִ𲽽׶Σûзʹԭ޸֣ԭ
ս֮ڹķȡճԭ˵ս壬ָͳΡ
ˣ˳̨ھ𽥷չұ
ǧʱţѾʧ٣ھȴԽʢ
Ȼĳ֣ʹá˵СʱѾȥǲɷϣǿȻҪǶڸ˻ǶڹҶǳҪ
Ŀǰ֣սĿ΢΢رǼ֮䣬ǲܷսôģҲͲܱʹսϣֲ˷ھֲУǿҲԽҪ
ǲ˵Ҫһ͵͵ǱһжԳУɵƻ»᲻һ֧ȫװľӡ
ֽˮĴǿĸŷǳԺƶԣ㿪ȥһ֧ӣҲһ취ҲûС
Ϊڳڶƽ㲻ʹôģҲöԷһ취ûС
Ըǿߵð취ڶľӣͬǿߡ
ǿͷǳģرڸԺŦλ᲼ǿʩ
ͨ£׶ȫĵطûж߸ȥֵطµġ
ݹ鱨׹ͳ24СʱܵSߵıǵİ׹Ǵ¥פжSߡ
ǻĲҲ߶ֱϺפжߡ
˵ϺͲòһˣϺںպûԭģΪϺڱضڸŵľӢӣپֱѵϤӦãϸ֮󣬲ܱ֮ΪϺڣѵıڣҪǲǿǲŽйˡ
ܵУһ׮Ϻڵ
˵ȥʱ򣬸۵ĳλ̵ŮΪĿɱ˳Ϊ֤ˣֳǮƸ˹ɱִɱŮӣøΪ񣬶ڴ½ڶͶʣͨϵһϺڱŮѡ
ϮɱУAߣʮһBߣŮӰȻϮɱȴȫϺֻ˶ѣɴ˿ɼϺڵȷ鴫
Ϻڣȴֵӡ
Ϻְ̫࣬Ǳ׳׳İȫǺ߶ģԳ˻˵ϺڣȴټϺڡ
ַ֮ǰʵɻģȻЩֵôǿΪʲôҪЩ׳أλԼ׳أ
ֻȵַͨϵͳ˽⵽߲Ȩṹ󣬾ףҪλɲ׵顣
һ㣬Ҳ˵ǱϾҪһ㣬ŶȨʵûôģǸԼûôȥλ顣
ΪֵȨҲʹᰲһԭ
ڶԭ򣬱Ǹŵƽ⡣
Ĺ֮˭Ҳ˭ǿ˭Ҳ޷ѹһͷǣ֮£͹һӶƽ磬ڸǣ£˭λܹλġ
ο쵼ȻǹߣǵıȴҲй̸֧֣ڣǣһȫ
ԭǱȨ
ҵıȨ쵼еģҲһɷǳǿЩͨʿĴڣҲøԭ֮һ
һԭлš
ڿ˵Ǻƽǹ֮˴δһڷȺһ¶צȺ֮ʱ򣬹ҴңܺվԼ
쵼λϵĶǴˣʲôʲôʲôܶԼĺܡ
ΪЩԭҲֺܱƽ쵼ҵģЩͨˡ
ȻЩͨ˭Ҳʡ͵ĵƣĻ˭Ǹλȥ
ǻĵ޵쾳ɲ׵飬Ҫʱ䣬Ҫ츳ĪоݿɲҲһٶˣʮ˿ڵĴҲֻаٶλ֣ʵǲġ
ҲΪٶλֵĴڣȻԻĻȴûмҵ߸ڽ뻪ľڡ
ȻӴﶼȱÿ͵͵뻪µ߻ǷǳģȻĶ࣬Ҳࡣ
ֻҲ£һ׷ߵľ磬˵ǣһС£ǲӰ쵽ǡ
Ȼֺٳַ֣ѹҲǷǳģڴ֮ǰַ·ǳСģȻͷźܶöȴͲóΪûܹ档
ȴͬˣַҲħʿ磬൱쾳磬һս֮µĹ˼ɣȻҲһЩ
ϰ壬ڹڲһöͻȻ˵
ʲôַɻʵ
ϰ㿴ɣǹڲйļء


256 ﳤ
Ŷҿһ˵ǹڲ¼ַȤ
ڹڲλΪSSֺֻ쵼˿Կ
ַ̿˵ݷǳḻĽͷǳȫ棬˲ַʣлвš
ںĩ֮ѾʧʱգѾϿţû뵽Ȼղ˺üš
ԱߵעҲûаЩŵɱֻǵһҪ϶ѡ
ܵļǲϵģķʽȫıϸͿ
Ϊ޷ѾΪǲڵĶЩļԹ˵ֻһҪϣط
Ƕַ˵ȴȫ֪ͬڵģҲܹ壬Զַ˵ЩϾޱҪ
¼йļУɢƪ㣬ĵ伮һһʮֱǣƾ֭Ԫ񷨡ٲʾ̫ϸӦƪǬһ١Ӱ׷̫󷨡ʮߵľľ
Сƾ֭Ԫƪٲʷҩĵ伮ڵУ๦ڵɣʳӶΪó
µľű伮ģǸĪǱ̫󷨡Ȿ̫󷨡ĹĵطԣɾĿھȫУϹʱա̫󷨡Ϳһֱ޵ɾ磬ߵ
ĹȻȲϡ̫󷨡Ҳ֮
ϹʱЩ伮Ǹɵط׾⴫κһ䶼һѪȷ磬뵽ִؼҲЩڹŴ񹦵伮ȴ֮߸ö֮֮С
¾ǹˣҲֻǰЩ޷طɹŶֻһĶղˣǵֵѾ֪
Ѿһ֪ǵֵˣַ֪Щطֵ
ִֵַķһʮ伮Ĵ٣֪һһϸϸ
ַ˵ʮ伮ļֵ޷󱦣ȴʶ
ƾڼһ鵤Ի浤浤һһڵΪϣ϶ƶɣЧַؿڵĽ˺ֻһ浤Ϳơ
浤ַƾҲǼطַѣǺܿϧ浤ڵȴǷǳϡȱĶִᣬûڵġ
Ϊڵڵ˽𵤵ıƣҲ޳Ϊ𵤾֮ڲ𵤣νڵˡ
Ϊļ٣ʬ嶼ùˣͲڵ¡
ڵޣȴҲΪļ٣ܴﵽ𵤾磬͸ڵĲˡ
нޣԽ޵ǿ˭ܹɱ˽ޣҪ֪𵤿ǱһȼĴڣһֻޣԺлܵС
̫ϧˣ浤ҩЧǳһ浤㹻κַˣǺܿϧûڵƲ浤
浤ǡƾбȽϵ͵ȵĵҩˣֵ͵ȵҩҲûа취ơ

ַֿһĵҩˣڵƶɣ𵤾·ߵΪ
һʲôͨˣֻҪԳ쾳磬Ҫ֪ͨ쾳磬ҲҪʮʱ䰡ⵤҩЧҲ̫ˣҪ˰
ҲûãΪûڵҩ޷ơ
ַ翴۾ˣⱾ伮ϼصĵҩ̫ˣ˭ᶯĵģַҲ⡣
ĺõ̫ˣǵٺҲûõģ͵ĵҲҪʹڵΪϣٸ߼һЩģҪԪҩֵͲǷƵģˣƣŶûС
Ȼûдջ񣬲ȷǳ˼ʶ
֭Ԫ񷨡ֺ͡ƾ֭ͬԪ񷨡޵ĲⵤΪ¯ΪҩҩڵһźܶصţҲһźܶصţֻ֭Ԫ񷨡޵Ĳⵤ޳ĵᱻգֻ档
ַѡ֭Ԫ񷨡һ飬Ϳһٲʾ
ٲʾ͡ƾЩƣвͬƾеĵҩڵΪҩƶɣٲʾмصĵԸΪҪƶɡ
ٲʾмصĵһҲȡƾ硶ٲʾмһĵҩЧ൱ֻЧǿ˷һԳ쾳硣
ͬģϣҲԻãҪǧǧ꼶ѰȥǧΪûݣͬơ
滹вЧ˵ĵͬΪȷʵݣЩҩ޷ơ
ˡٲʾĺΣҩһݱ˸ϵ⣬ʲôǧϬǣʲôѩ¹ƤʲôͷǮԣΣȻҩģѪΪҩ뵤뵤һֶҩǿԹ뵤ǿޱӵмǿķʿĵҩ
ףһҳˣﳤַ緭ٲʾһҳһҳϺȻһﳤĵҩ
ﳤԷΪҩƶɣ֮ǧꡣ
ǧꡭ˵һŶ갡һŵҩȻܹǧ꣬ǧ갡Ȼǳ֮ơ
ַ۾ٴκˣĵγѪЩʵĵҩַԲϡﳤȫͬĵҩһţͿԻǧꡣ
ǧһμΪʱ⣬ܹǧ꣬ͳѾûжˣٶַͨ˵ġ
Ȼﳤֻ˶ǧܻ꣬ܲǧȴһкܶأǿǰȥģǰɱˣôǧҲһЦˡ
Ȼˣǲɷϣﳤãַ
ﳤԼԶǧˣǸĸˣѣҲԶǧ꣬ȫһĵǧ꣬Ǻεջ󰡣һ뵽ǸõĻ棬ַ綼Ϣˡ
ǡģԷӵȥŪ;ˣ˵Էˣ㣬ҲҲһ簡
֪ⱾˣĲС
гĵȴûĲϣˡ
Է衭ַͻȻĬһ£½ľͷˣ͵ͬ
ù½ԷﳤЧ
ַͻȻ뵽飬ûˣǹ½а
ͷˣǹ½Ķħޡ


257 ˴ͷ
ûˣǹ½а
ͷˣǹ½Ķħޡ
ַͻ룬Ȼûˣôܲʹù½Էﳤ
ַ粻֪ɹļж󣬵֪ԾûᣬپгɹĻᡣ
Է衭Ҫ˰
˵򵥣һȴǳǳѣͷǹ½˵Ĵڣռȫ½ĵأǴ½ʵͳߣҲǲȥǾͷˡ
Ϊͷ˲ӵ˵սһ˸ԵǿǺͷ˵ĺǣǹ½ǿ֮һǺĺǵĴڣ˭ȥ
ҪﳤضԶ
ȻǵľͷǵķˣҰҲ䵥ľͷ˵ģֻǼ䵥ľͷҲôöԸģҪħʦܶԸһֻ߷ˣ½ǿħޣɲ˵Цġ
Է裬ﳤ
ַһðð֮·ǰͿԼܷջˡ
ޱȣΪ˳ַƴһѡ
һƴΪԼҲΪ˼˰ˣֻﳤü˰˶ǧꡣ
ǧĻ壬û׼ַͿҵ㲻ķţӶ
һԶĿ꣬ȴܹɵģڵҪʵ
ַﳤĵףֿһ伮
µĵ伮ĹַһһĿȥ
ЩЩȹȵĹЩûйȹǿһ֮
Ǳ̫ϸӦƪ޵̫ϸӦ֪ȥδ֪׼ռ֮Ϸš
һ޵𵤾磬Խģ°ʳĪ⡣
Ǭһ١ԺͱԹ޵¿Իһ𺮱޼᲻ݡ
Ӱ׷֮Ӱ׷ȥ˷ʤ
̫󷨡һ޵伮޵ɾ磬
ʮߵǿط̼ԪӶǱ˲䱬ǿ󹥻طɱһǧ˰˰٣ǿޱȣȴҲ
ľľһطǿľ괺ֻ֮ҪԪϢ㲻ǿޱȡ
׷Ҳʮ伮׵ĻɫȻεĵ伮ж׷֮ҲַĶࡣ
ʮ伮ȫַ꣬ϸһ룬ԼһЩ²⡣
һ˳Ҳѣвͻٲ
ںǻᱻתΪԪԪɱʹĿƣȻ޺һ˲ӣ岻ܱͻԶᣬӶ龧
龧ڳڲΣգ龧ԽԽ࣬龧ᶳԪΪȫϣ֮ǡ
Ե伮أַΣļ¸У˵龧ѾڶǰڣֻҪԽһ㾳磬龧ضᡣ
ַĿǰͲˣΪÿһ֣龧֣붳ҲԽ
ַ粻Ҳûã龧Ѿͻʱ޿ڻ龧ǻԶģַ粻ֻǷŻĹ̶ѣ༸֮龧Ȼﵽٽ㣬Ӷᡣ
ַ糤̾һΪԼռ˱ˣʹʮļϹȻûôռ˵ģʮٶȣҪ۵ġ
龧Ĳܴһԭ򣬾УĲףĲӶ龧
龧ڳʼʱ򲢲̣Ϊߵʦ˹Ǵﵽ̶ַ֮󣬱ʦųҲ޷ˣοַûʦų
ַڵ龧ѾͣҪѾˣΨһĺϢǣ龧֮ǰһ龧ķ
龧Ѿ޷龧֮ǰ԰龧⣬ĴԷΪ֮ǰ׷ˡ
ַЩƣ뵽ò׽ħʿ磬ͷȴһΡ
ΪϳַǲĵģҲܷϳһַʧȥħʿôӵеһжܻܿΪ˵ļ£˶ߡ
ٵȵȣٵȵȣһа취ġ
ãַ˭һʧȥãַ޷ʹʮ٣ôַֻƽȻУҲûжΪ
֮ǰﳤҲΪЦûǿ֧֣ҲֻһЦ
⸣Уַ仰ˡ
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ַһ㶣ֻһǹߴʡ鳤Զģһʱ䣬ϰ˵ˡ
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绰һͷԶЦ˵˵ַ簡֪˵ʲôá
⻰ַһʲô˼
ַǲõʱüͷһ壬Ͳͷʵ鳤ʲô͸Ͻ˵ɡ
ϣͷˣУֱ˵ˣ̦ŮʧٵİƵİɣɱİɡ
ǵģʲôɣǸ֣û취л׽ɱⲻʲôɣץﷸʱлﷸȨأǹûȨ˰ɣ
ǵǡ
ǾӦûˣ֤֤ȷ䣬֤ɽԼĿڹ¼Ҳȥˣⰸû⡣ںͰ˵ʱַ͵͵¼Լϰģ֤ɽַû⡣
Զ̾һ˵û⣬ֽ֪ʲô˭𣿡
ֻ֪½١
ַͻȻһ£ʵ٣аԶò˰ɣֵܻǶӣ
ԶЦǺǣ⵹ǣȻǶհףҺǿûϵͬյ˶ȥˣɲһˡ
ַüͷʵ鳤ֱ˵ɣʲô顣
Զ˵ǹĨǣһ׼ӵĻˮ
绰ͷȴĬַʱҲ侲ٴߴ٣ȴ
һֱĬһֶӣԶٴ𣺡ɱа׽£ɽ׼ҵĶүɽ׼ϵţλһ֣ǰ׽µүү
ַһһ⻰֪ΪʲôԶҪԼ绰ˣû뵽λپȻ
Զ˵ɽ׼Խ׽ǰ׼ҵĶӣ׽´Сʴϻۣʮ꣬Ѿ쾳㣬кܴĻʮǰ쾳磬ǰ׼Ұѵһŵӡ
ǰǰ׽뿪׼һҲº󣬰׽²֪٣ҹ̦бʡԱַɱ
ַ̽ιϴ²㵽ͷϰɣ׽ɱŮԣǷӣеģû
Զ̾û׽·֤ȷ䣬๼ֻ׼˲ô롣


258 ˭˭
Զ̾û׽·֤ȷ䣬๼ֻ׼˲ô롣
ַ⣬˵ҿǹԱΪ£Ϊάİɱ׽£ˣҲˣĿŰ׼ɱ
˵ˣ׼ҵôҺôҲǹҹԱɣǸ˼ɵɱң
ַĺܲ⣬׼ȻϵɣҲûǿһĵزɣǲ¹ҵı
𼤶˵
Զȵַ簲ż˵׼ȻϵɣҲҪطɵģҲӹɷɭϣĻǹ㾡ȫҲҪǡ
Զһת˵ǰ׼Ҳ㣬û˵ɱֲɱ㰡㱻ɱɱˣײˣˣܲҲ׼ҵͷϰɣҵĻ˼ˣ
ַ簵һ̫ˣץҪ֤ݣﷸɱȴǲҪ֤ݵģֻҪ֤ݣ㾯֪ģҲûޡ
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ַǹԱ٣ԷȻŹַ磬ԽסԷﶯֽŰ
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Ѿ԰׼ҽ˾棬Ҷ԰׼ҵķ׼Ҳֵģɱǰ׼ҵĶ٣һţǾҪء
ǲŶ֣ǰͲ˵ˡ
ַ˵ıƶҲ̫˰ɣɱˣǽ֪ˣǲӦóܱܷͷ
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˵лˣұ㣬Ѿܲˣ˵лҳܲˣҲֻôࡣԶ̾Ϣ˵
ѾܶˣûаϴѣһڹǱɱˣҲĲסַ˵
Զ˵ַ磬ʱѾˣϽϵˣͼһ𶼰ᵽǺǵߴܲǺܲǲġ
Զַ̫Ųӣ˵һ䣺ǲܶģֻҪϼ꣬SߣͲˡ
˵ǰԶҲ֪һ㣬¾ҪϼʮˣASֻһһԨ֮𣬻ҪʮʮܽһӶ޷ˡ
ַʱѾָ侲ʵ׼ҪɱҵĻ𣿡СèСַ絹ǲģΨһǾǲ֪֣ԼǷӮ
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˵Զַ뷨ˣϽ˵Ͱ׼ӲӲǧС׼ң׼ҵĽ൱׼Ҿ㲻ֻ֣Ҫɳ쾳֣ԶԸˣǿ
ллϴַίľܾ˰Զ顣
ǿ׼治ôöԸģ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪɣһ׼йô죿绰ͷİԶüͷַСӿ˹˹ĵģôô󰡡
ַͷ˵֪ˣҵ¾ȥӸĸ׼˺ҸĸĻġ
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ַʵϴһ֪׼ҵһЩܺ˵˵𡣡
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֮⣬׼ӵܶڹְҲǰ׽һ£׼Ҿ֪Ϣԭ򡣡
ˣǿ֮һİ׷弯žǰ׼µĲҵ׼ҲȱǮǲԶ֣ҲɱֶԸ㣬ڵĴΣգǺܲɡ
Ȼ˭˭Чģڹϼѣ԰׼ڣܹģҲ߰ˣ֮ܳΪֵҲʮ˶ѡ
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ˣ߶޷ԼĴƹ㣬ǲԸƹ㣬ƹҲûã󲿷ѧǵġ
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˶Ҫˣʲô鲻鰡Զ̾һַЩϧ
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ǰԶȨĲǰԶ𲻹ʱǳݣֻʱ䣬֮׼ҾͿԹۿַϡ
ʱ˵˵Ҳǲ̣ȴַء
ҲַĸлԶĵط
̰һַл㱨ϰ壬Ѿˣֻᱣ죬֮ǰ趨ϻԶΪԷûеģûдѾ޸ģԺϵκα䶯Ҷڵһʱ֪ͨ
ʱ䣬е̣ҪҪҰʱӳ߽ϰϽиġ
ַ룬ҡͷ˵ˣʱ䣬㹻׼ˣοһ޸ģ¾ͻڵһʱ䣬Ҳɣ⣬ҵǲᶯġ
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ַЦ˵ˣʼɣ׼ҪԸңǾӲӲ˭˭


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ַԶ鿴Ͱ׼Ƿйϵ
ȻԶַ׼ҵ飬Ƿ֮Ĳޣĵ飬Ҫ
תۼ䣬ԶֵַǰԶʮ꣬漮ʡĸ׸ʦлƷȣʮǰǰΪ鳤㣬Ů׾Ӱ£鸾˽һ²Ʋ׷߶䣬ֽһǧ򡭡
ַССĳһû뵽Զ鸾һôǮԶĹʺûô߰ɣ
˾ĻԶϣڹڲ鱨Ҳ˵֪Զ鸾ҽǮǰԶְȻûܵӰ졣
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ַתһ룬Щˡ
ڲԱһĿ鸾ȶСһܵ𷣡
ڰԶĽǮҲȷһǹʹãһ񽱽𣬻һЩԼ׬ģʵϣΪһߣ׬Ǯ·ǺܶģԶǮƲأֻ׬СͷĻͲֹһǧˡ
ӱԶףɽ׼Һ޹ϵЩ鱨ϵͳǲʵɿ˭Ҳҿ϶ַҲֻǰ鱨ΪοȻĿǰԶǿɾŵġ
ոտԶĲϣɽ׼ҵ鱨ֳַǰ
鱨ǳϸɽ׼˵Ϣ׼λߵļ鱨ҲС
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֪֪սսûʼ鱨һڣɽ׼Ѿַ˦һ֡
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׼ҵвҵ֪˻ȫɣǵκʽҵļ֮£ʱ֪ʽȥͽػʽãбҪҿ˲ɾе˻ϢĴۣܻܿеĹעӶ¶ҵĴڣͷҲʹɾ
⣬ϰҪѾϵǰɱ֯ʱԶ԰׼ҳԱɱҽײҪɱһĿԣɱᱻ֪֯ϢҲܻ֪£ӶΪϰ鷳
˹ۣȻǿ󣬵Ȼºۼرֺ͵Ӵķʽױ¶Լ飬ײҪá
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Щֶζ»һЩβǱ׼ʩ浽ͷַ粻а׼ңʲô󻼲󻼣ַҲ͹ܲôˣʲôֶΣȫʹá
ַĵƣ֤ȫĵơ
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ַ룬һ⣬˵ܲҳ׼ѹ֤ݡ
׼ѹ֤ݣûҵϰ˼ԼŪЩַ˼ˡ
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ַ绹ȷһ飬׼޵ǽһ񹦲԰׼ңһ¼ǰϵַˡ
׽룬żȻ䷢ˡһ񹦡ⱾĹȷһ񹦡֮󣬰׽ϲ͵͵̦ܵһ񹦡
һ񹦡ȿޱȣڼ̵ʱڣð׽½ӽ쾳磬ֻϧ׽̫û죬ַС
ַóһֿһ飬סݺ󣬱žյˣ书̫𣬻ǲҪϵĺá
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ַͻȻһȼǻչ֮žջ٣ϵΪ֮һ䡣
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ַ綢еľͻȻһЦдⱾһ񹦵ļһհ
һҪ֮¶ݣôȻ֮ǰʾĲһ񹦿϶ǼٵˣֹΪ𣬱濴Ϊ˵һʲôٵһ񹦣϶ǻµġ
ҪַоⱾ书̫Եȼգ»֪еİء
ȰһٴμУֵַһλ𣬰Ѿȼһοȼգžڻбճ˻ҽ

ץڼ䣬۳ȻͣھƵͣû뵽ῪôõĽγⱾӹһ٣ַٴ˻
Сʱַ翪˺ǡ
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ĵǶӵİȫ⣬ǵ˵С簡ĴǲǺģҪǳȥɡ
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ַŵϰ裬û˵ʵֻ˵Լ˺ڵ˻ԸĸӸĸȥ
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ǾͺáһЩ
ϰ򲻸ĵ˵Ȼ뱣ڣҲ뼸ڰɣһҲ¶Էǻܼںסȥ
ַЦ֣ͱöΪ˰ɣһԷץǵʣвô죿ʱҿǼȰҹԹԵıԷɱ
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ַ˿ĸͬȥͺá
С簡λ㻹ûأˣأôûĿ⣬ʱֿһԵŮѽﳤĿƯҿƨִԲ϶ϧҼҶѾŮˣȻĻĹﵱϱҲͦЩϧ뵽


260 
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ڵ룬ޱӦûڹ˾ϰ࣬˾¥£ַޱ˵绰
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񾸺ֳ˾ʩҲǺܵģĹ˾Ҳûסַ硣
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ַڴĵȴСʱޱص칫ҡ
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ַԸƽʱǲģֻжûޱˣСЦ뵽ĵҲ󣬰ŻˣַЦҲ֪Լ̫ԺҲôˡ
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ɳޱһ뵽ղŵľ֣Ͳַĸ첲һѣԺĲ׼ˣղĲˡ
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ĺˣǵ⣬˲ҵģͷĴɡַԼؿڣʾޱѹԼؿڴ

ͷĵĴɣҳܵססҪ򡣡ַٴָָԼؿڡ
ޱһͷĵĹ򣬳ַؿڴ˹ȥ


261 ˵
ޱһͷĵĹ򣬳ַؿڴ˹ȥ
ǹַؿڣ˲ûַڣеΪǰƣŵĽΪ֮һ
ַһðð̫ˣԪعȻԼ棬νһһԪƣƸ˺ޱȵĽ˺ҲƣϵĽˣޱΪ̫һŹֻӻƣƣҪˣҪΪ
һԵޱŵĿַ磬æʵôʲôо
ޱһùˣ֪ԼĹַϣʲôЧ
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ޱ룬ʵϵܾע˺Է𣿡
ַ˵ܽΪûսģǾ֪ϵҲ߱һսͺ̫̫ܴůҲֲܸãǿҵ̫⣬Ҳֲɹֲɹɡ
ϵͬˣԴůҲԴȣϵͬ߱ɱ

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ַЩź˵˵ĹϵܿԾ߱սֻҵһֲ²⣬˵Ŵϵ߿Ծ߱սҲ֪ĹϵǷͬҲӵս
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½⿪¶ַؿµ˿ڣǵ˿ڳ磬бƤˣɼǣ·ؿϿһŴֲͣŷˡ
ޱȻ˿ڣ̱һ
۰ɣޱҧݣ˿ڣž͸оĵۣ޷ĳַƵġ
۵ġַ΢Цҡҡͷ
˵ʱֻޱУ˿ڣôܲˣַֻ̫ǿǿסʹѡ
Ľ˪ʱҲһַؿڵĽˣ̳һ
ޱͬ˪Ĳ˿ڵ˿Ͻ
̫ˣǵ˴ʱ˪Ȼܹһɷַ˿ӿֻڹĹ߲еĸоޱַ˿ڵ쳣
˪ıһ˿棬ִأȻΪߣǱϾʮ꣬˪ȭʦϤĽ̵˪Բ
˪óַ˿ڵһǱѰʦҲ˿ڣܹʹһľǽ֣˵ء
˪صͬʱЩ棬һַôܵסһģôɱ˶ԷģѵΪȶԷҪߣ
ⲻַܰŶ󰡣ôܴӮôĶ֡
˪̫ˣ̲ס˳˿ϵĽɢֱ͸ҼĽ쾳ΪȻҲⷢʹǾԲɢ쾳ַĽ
ֹ쾳簡ֻʬʵӦǳ𵤵ĴڣҲ˵ǿ𵤣ǰҲһѡ
ĥΧʬɷʵսʮȥˣڻ¶սȴǲģʬ˵Ѱ֣»ʬĶ֡
ʬȻʵ½Ľȴеܣڵ֣ʬĽҪࡣ
ַȻǲ˵ʵģֻܵͷ˵ɡǼӳ϶Է֡
˪ޱһ˪𺳣ޱγֲˡ
ޱȻǹˣͨ˪Ҳ֪˺ܶ飬Ȼֵַ֪֪类ˣȻһ
뵽ղַ˵ˣѾɱ˵ַѾɱһַ֣ӵлɱֵ
ޱԾʵ֣أѵıɱˣ
ȻǱɱˣĻôҪǶԷӮˣΪһ뿪ַ˵
ܻɱ֣ڵʲôʵ쾳磿ޱһַҪǵ쾳磬֣
ַЦˣҿɲǹߣǲ쾳ģӦSߡ
ܺ͹䲻ͬǿԼһһͻŸżȻԣЩõļһڻܵһ̾AܣȻڶʱΪSܣȻ˷ǳ٣Ǻ͹ȣĸ߶ߣȻϣҪһЩ
뵽ַߣԼĹ䣬ޱЩȻˡ
ȻˣǶַĿޱǷǳԾȻԾ֮лһ˿ϲĽޱҲﰵ⣺ҿеˣȻڲͬ


262 ץڹ
˪ȴַսĹ̷ǳ棬˵ʵɻûء
˪ֻ˵ǾȴûַǰȻҪʸ
ַȴһ˿Ц˵ʵַԼûֵսôֵ֪ô
ֻʱַﻢ£Ҫ˵Լ֪Ǿ̫ˡ
ַ翪ʼڹվϿйֵļʣԼԼᡣ
ȻҺֹڼ̵ʱڷģ̫ϸҲ˵ֻ˵šַµ˵йֵַ˵Ĳϸ˪Ȼýζ
ַ˵ͬʱޱѾƽ̵ַķţоۼ򣬽ַǰ˿ϡ
ǹ壬ַ͸о˿һ΢ַһϲЧ̫
һδַĲΪϵԽ˺Խַ˵ĿıǽޱʥƽˣںˣʥȻЧַĽˣʥѹƣٲչ˺
ȵַ˵꣬ޱҲͣƬʱ䣬߿ŹѾľԼܣҲʥˡ
ַؿڵĽˣȻɫޱȻ˵ԲҵĹﲻ㡣
ַ΢Ц룬ɾʹشˡ
ҵĽ˲ڱĽ˺Ĺֱѹ˽˺ʹýչǰҵĴæôаﲻҡ
ģޱɵʵ
Ȼģ˪˪ģ㿴ַ˵
ޱ̳˪ʵ˪𣿡
˪һͷ˵ǣҿԸоԴĹַ˿֮˿ϵĽԵӦǱѹƵԵʡ
㿴ûƭɡַЦ
ˣҪôܺãޱַ˿ڣͻȻһ۵ĸо
õĵģʱҾͻһҩˮͿҵˡȵȶַȥ½һˣ򵽸߼ҩˮͿˡ
ҵĹ򣬲𣿡ޱüʵоԼĹûá
ַЦҵĴС㰡ҵĽʲôɵģΪʲôȼΪܹѹҵѾǳ˲ˣΪɵĽˣôöԸģ
Ҳ̫ĵģΪȻҵˡ
šޱһԵĲɡ
ַȴһ£ʵˣղʱ򣬿ǹ˾ԱɫҴңշǳѹ֣˾ʲô𣿡
ûʲô£ܴġޱҡͷ˵
ַ˵ϣҵأϰڹ˾϶ˣС£
ô֪ģޱ˾ʱվ˱ǲ˽ģַô֪Ρ
֪飬˭Ҳ޷ַص˵
ţޱЦЦͲַ˵ǡ
ַ˵ޱ룬˵˾ȷһЩ飬Ȼ֪Ҿ˵ɡ
ҪӰǰ˵ǰĳСͻȻ¥̮Ȼ·ʱϰ߷ڣ¥ס࣬¥̮˲أʮˣ
·¥ļȴǾ޽¥͵ϣӶ¥̮һˣվ˷ͷ˼⡣
ŲȱǮ⳥һƺͶ˺ܶϵ֮»Ǳѹȥ¶ԾŵĴǷǳ޴ģŵÿڱֱ»
ÿ죬µʳƷֳˡжʳƷ¼˳˾µӪƷжһǸº飬ĳγ⣬˲ϸӼ
¼˺ü𣬾鷳ϣŪĽͷöԭúõһǧɡ
죬˾ĻϣȻй¶˳ȥЩй¶ϣԹ˾Ӱܴϰ˾ԱҲΣ
Ҫ֪Щйܵ϶洢ڹ˾ܲ¥ڣǳܣǲ͵ЩϵģĿԷǳߣԲʹù˾ԱΣ
Ѿȫ£ֺܽƻҲĿǰҲõ
¼žϴ鷳ˡ
ַҡҡͷʵлɵĶ𣿶ԷԵ޹ʶԸǵġ
ޱ˵УҲ˵ûУǼܷչڣҵϵĶ־Բ٣ȥЩƺЩ飬ҲûǸҪЩ飬Ҫģ벻˭ڱĺ£Ǿŵˣʲôô
ôһҲû𣬶Էô飬ûġַüʵһûУɲò鰡
ޱҡͷ˵ǶˣһûУѾˣҲе飬ȻԷĺܸɾûβһ𣬶䵽Ǿŵͷϡ
㻹˵СأչȥǾžǮٶ࣬ҲᱻϿַ˵
ޱ¶һ˿Ц˵Ҳ֪ЩأǶԷֶκܸ㣬Ҳûõġ
ޱַ֪ܸߣ˵̫ˣΪַܹ鷳
ǿɲһû׼ҾͿ԰ȹѹءַŵ˵
ģȷޱŵʵ
ҪǴôҪҰﾸŶɹѹأǷǡַ΢Ц˵
ޱַһۣǸɫߣǵͷ˵С
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ãҵϢϻ
£ַһ˲ƶӰ칫ʧˡ
ַʧ˪üͷʵС㣬ΪַжİգԲ
ĻӦʮİաޱ϶˵
Ϊʲô
ΪţղŷǳţΪѾʲôԲŻš
˪ޱһۣĵС㣬Ȼ֪ҵΪʲôҪԼҶԼôֻӮĲ֣һأˣô
ҽܶԼֻжһ㣬˵ĻޱЦ˵ĻʱǾžˣﻹȥͷҲ֪£ԲŲԼˣΡ
ԭ
û˵̫ãСʱַٴһ˲䣬ǰ
ˣˡ
ޱһ㶣ôҵˣ̫˰ɡ
Ȼַ֪ӦûҵҲû뵽ĻôˣҪ֪ǾѾüˣȴ޽չ
Ҹ㿴һϵ˲ǱĹ˾ɵǹ˾ԵףѾĹ˾ˡֱַʣڰֽдһʮˡ
һдַһ߽͵ΪʱޣֻԹ˾и߲е飬ڵͲԱҾûȥעˡ
дȫַֺһϣһȦ˵ˣǺǹ˾й¼йأµڹ
νγܲ࣬ҵڹ˳֮£ҲĻ֡
ޱֶַˣڶ̶ʱڣҵЩ˵ģ
̫˼ˡ


263 Ļ
ַġ참̣ޱǳ档
ַֻҡҡͷȴûϸ˵Ĵ㣬Щܣĺá
ޱȻ󲻵ڶ̶̵İСʱ֮ڣַ˲ƣӶڼ̵ʱڱù˾и߲Աÿٴߵķʽһ飬ԲڵĽ
ȻΪʱޣַߵʱֻ˼򵥵⣬ȷԷǷ⣬һûͻߣѰһĿꡣ
ˣӦʶɣڹַָϵ˵
񳽣ޱһ񳽿ǹ˾ĸܣԱˣǵһ𿪴˾Ԫ֮һŰٷ֮Ĺɷݾ£ޱ벻񳽵ݣôԲ˾顣
ôǹ˾ܣ˾ʱˣ˾ٷ֮Ĺɷݻأû˾ġޱҡҡͷš
ʹˣųĳ˾ɡַ΢΢һЦ˵
ʲôɣޱ벻ʲôɣ˾ΪǮ𣿲ܣ񳽲ȱǮв𣿻Ŀˡ
Ϊ˵õš
ַϸ˵ȻоŰٷ֮ĹɷݣģҪմȨѾԼ£˾ɡ
˵ֹģΪԼʲô
ͺ˵ȱǮȱֵĵλֻаھŵıϸȥлչš
ʵϣҪӣȻҰģǸˣ֪ԼԸô꣬һֱѹԼֱһ죬һԳܵļһҵһļϣļƻ֮ǰЩ飬˫£ġ
ܣ˭
ַ˵ܵݣڻǸ񳽵Ľڷɣòţܸ񳽵ģҲҿ϶Ǽ١
òţòţҲڱޱüͷòǷɣĲ֮һȻʵǿȴȫ޷òȣҵòŵɲôð
ַɻޱ͵òǷɣĲ֮һǰòǾŽͶʣǱǾܾˣԭΪòѾͶʵû뵽ȴǴ˹⡣
Ŷԭǵпòˡַͷ˵
ޱѯʵô죬ҪҰְ𣿡
ַ룬˵ȱ˵˵ҲûʲôЧְֵֻĶѣҰ½ˣٸá
šޱͷ
ˣһһһ飬ǸĽָϽָ˾ͷֲϵˡַܵԣһһʯָޱһöϽָܵй
ޱеʯͽָɻ˵ʲô񣿽ָ
ַ͵ʯʯʱʯеԼ
öָָϵܲñ˷ֲϵܣԭ˪һöģ˪Ѿ֪ˣϽָá
ַʯͽָ򵥵Ľһ£Ҹʹʯ
˪ȴ˵ʯֻûʯϴޱȻҲʯΪûʯϲޱϵʯ⻹˪һԼʯ
ַ翴ʱ䣬ˣ˵ҸˣڵĴʺϺ̫ӽĻǴ鷳
ޱҲַ֪Ĵ̫ͬã˵Сһ㣬ʲô飬ǵøҴ绰
áַ΢΢һЦޱ֣һģ˲ʧ
ַΪӣ˲ƵԽԽǿַƶ˲ƵѾַǿľ
ַһ˲ƶ񳽵ߣȻϵܡ
񳽸ܴ˵绰̵˵˼䣬͹˵绰
ַͷ˵߰ɡ
ǡ񳽴ӦһŹİԼȥˡ
Լصһ俧İ
ܱ絽һѾڰȺ
ܺ˿ڿȣɻ˵СΪʲôͻȻϵǣ֮ǰԼʱԼǵġ
ܵߣһ𷢵ŷŮˣŮӽۣƤ𪣬ϻһ˿۾һŮĴ硣
Ļ˸ˣ˵ֿܣһ鷳ˣȣڶҪ鱨ҪǷҶֻϺķʲôҪ鱨Ļ϶۶ôʹǵģǵԣ鷳ˣȡ
ʣСķǳʣǾ鴦ع̫ˡЦ˵ƨĵž졣
ȵɫȴͻȻȵܣעԴǣҲϣ´Ρ
ǣǣҲһˡɫһ䣬Ҳ֪Լ˵ˣ鴦ģжĵһҪּǾԱܣԲй¶Լ
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ʱȵĶ˵ˣû˸٣Ŀǰȫ
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ˣ
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ߵĿҲԼȻɫָֻŮģ
ܿ񳽣ü˵ǵԼ㲻Ӧʱϵҵġ
ȴûܵʻӲ˵ҪһҪ鱨˴ǮһԸǣ˵ַǳһҪСİ
֣˵˪ŵˣ˪ŵţ˵ڳ쾳磬㻹û죬ҲһĶ֣Сӡ
񳽼ܵ⣬ԹԵ˵һ£ˣԼСİɡ
Ͼԣرǵַ粻ߵʱֻ˵Ԥ趨Ļǲһ̸ġ
񳽵ı֣ܵŭһץס񳽵ֱۣʵվסѻ˵
ȴҲܵĽлԹԵĳȥһȣ㱻񳽴ڵء
ߡȵһ˿֣ҲܵķӦ첽ߵ񳽵ǰһ߳˰ᡣ
һ㶣Ҳ֪ЩԾˣ̸ڿȵ߳ᡣ
һ߱˵б䣬Աɢ뿪
ôˣûֵˣĿǰȫȵĶﴫɵ
Σգɢ뿪ȲٶְͣѶĶó·ߵͰԼŮȥ
ιιιģʲôﴫŭֻѾˡ
ܣģô£أ
ҲŮˣ¼άô죿ҲоĹˣ͸һ˿š
ģģɢ뿪¼άŭһȴǰտȵָʾжȵĳ̣Ļûġ


264 Ӳ
񳽽뿧ʱַԶԶţҲ˿֮⡣
ַûиŽ뿧ڿ׿⣬ʹþſɨȥ
ַ羫ɨ£һĿȻ
ַһϲڹߣûҴطĻ־
ߵʵǿֻһ˴ﵽB˶CַЩɻ󲻽⣬ǵʵ̫һ㡣
ףžַͻȻһ㶣ľڿɨʱڿɨһɾȻž
Ȼܹž鿴Χžַžȫͬ˵һĴڣҶԷľַľ˼Σַ緢ɾĴڣԷȴûзַĴڡ
ַ羫һɨܿͷ֣ɾ֮һBŵľ
֣ʵǿôžɾĲϤĸо
ַ羪ɵĸоɾ쳣ܿ׹ɾ֮ǰȷǽӴһζɽׯҹϮУɾԼסķ䣬Ȼʹûı
ַһû뵽û뵽Щ־Ȼû뿪ǱںУһԾţ߻һϵеж
ЩôĹ򣬿ͼСַƺһ޴ıڶžȻչ
ַûн뿧ľȴʼǿÿߵϴһӡǡ
ӡǽħʿ֮еϾӡַ֮һΧڿ֪ԷķΧԽԽϸԽԶԽģ
ӡڹ½òΪ½˺׷ԼϵľӡǲȥӡǣǶڵ˵ӡȴȫµ⣬ûҲ޷־ӡǵĴڣַľӡǣڵˮΪǿĸֶΡ
ǿ׷ֶΣЩһϡ
ԣַֹͻȻߵϷ΢ͶԽȻɨ裬һЩͨ˵Ҳͬ΢ͶԽڿĶ¥ڴҲһֽĴĶҲ΢ͶԽ
Ŀȷϣһʮһˣߣͨˡַɨһ飬ȷȫ֡
ʱѾᣬҺ˵ЩֱˣҾŵ´˷ɢߵ
ףÿķӦѵԼڼˣַһ
񳽵ķӦǺܹŹ֣˶ԷעⲢϡ棬ǶԷܹڶʱںԥ뿪ݾ͹ϣַǳ졣
ӿȵܹ´ƺһȺ˵ͷͷֻǴ¼άķӦ¼άڿƺȫӣȶ˵쵼ƺ̫߰
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬰¼άԥ֮󣬻´˳¼ά֮˿ʼٶЧķɢ뿪¼άƺֻͷ졣
һŶӣ죿ַЩˡ
ʮһˣ˿ȶŮʮ˶ڿ뿪Ƭ̼뿪ַߡ
ַ粢żΪЩ˵ϣѾ˾ӡǣӲģ뿪ֻΪﲢǶֵĺõطԼľӡǣҲܵȥ
˵ˣַλȷǳ棬ַԾץסλȣҪץס˸á
ǳſȵĵλǳǷݻǺ͹ϡ
һŮ̽һ䣬ȻóƷʼױױٶȷǳ죬Ҽտ̶̼ӵʱ䣬ʹһŮӣױһŮԣҺмֻ˵ķ緶ϸĻֻһĻˡ
øĻױַͨԷĻױҲò̾һ
Ȼ˻ױ⣬ȱҲҪĻڣ̫ŷ˾ôױҲﲻЧġ
ױϣȿʼѸٵ·Ȼ·ȹӷŴ·ȹӶǿ˫洩ģ֮ȫͬôһ磬̴Ů飬һƯĻŮԡ
ҪַľһֱĶŶԷַ磬Ҳϲǿˡ
߳Ů֮ɻĿһۣƺΪ̫ЩԾҪ֪ԿȵжϣӦˣ޷Ըĸ֣ԿȲŻɢ뿪
ȻҲûģֺ֪ǿԹɢ뿪ӶԷעԼǽŮ޻ױ뿪ǿڼ̵ʱڣ뵽ȫ뿪
ַоˣҲüȴȥ߽ʱ򣬻ױ˵ĿǳȻ߳˵Ŀſڣպ档
Ůȱȣ𣿡ַſ¶һЦ
ȻһȴǲɫǾ˵ԲҺʶɣ
ȱֵķǳȻһŮİ˵ľ裬һھǻԲĶ·ǵصıˡ
ַ΢ЦС㣬ǸˣӦòҶ˵ʲô˰ɣôһȱûɡ
ַ΢Ц䵽ȵУͱ˶ħǿЦЦ˵֮
ţ߰ɡַǰ棬ƺ¿Ȼܡ
üͷַıӰҧ֪ԼһˣΧɨһۣȻ첽ַĽŲ
Ǵ˵ַͷ˵
ȵ﷢һ˿Цޱĸַ½һᡣ
ַɳ˵ÿˣûбڳһˡ
ڼ̵ʱڣȻָ侲ַһЦߵ˵֪ôƺأ
ַȴ飬ҡҡͷ䵭˵С㣬ǰͲҪЩСˣû˼
΢΢ü̾ϢһЦ΢Ц˵Уһж˵İ죬ȽһԼ𣿡
ַһͷ˵ҽַ磬Ů룬Ӧ֪ΪʲôҪ˰ɡ
ʲôʱŮˣȳԾʵ
ǵļ£ڸһԼ˰ɡַ˵
ûʲôýܵģҽпȡ˵ķǳ̹Ȼ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵С㣬ֻһ˵滰ĻᣬӦ֪֮⣬ʮ֪ͬԻشҵ⣬㲻˵ĻҾֻȥǣֻһûлῪˡ
һʼҾͿˣСǴˣӦòͿ飬Ҳҵԭ򡣡
ȵȻ󾪣ҲǵСˣܹŵġ
޹˵ַĲ˼ȻһȴǻǮҹģûʼ£ˣҲ֪ǵ飬ҪҴȥǣʲô飬ȥǡ
ˣ·飬֪
ַ¶һ˿ϧɫ˵ϧˣȻ㲻Լ˵ֻԼˡ
ַ۾ʹôԿǿндˣȱϾBߣǳǿַҲ״ֻʹǿдߵķʽ߿ȣֻһȵӣҲͻϱˣΪһ׳ա
ҲҺãBߣĻǿһЩַǿдҲЧ
ȵȣ˵ɫһ䣬ַ֪˵ʵٲ˵ʵзǳõ鷢
ȶԴŲɣΪǸӦԷ⡣


265 һͻ
ַ˵֮󣬿һ˿־壬ַ֪ûƭַ˵ֻҪԼϣԼûк³
æ˵ȵȣ˵
ַһͷ˵˵ɡ
ģڷɣòµһ֧жӣüҪ;źǾŲͬ⣬ֻ񳽺ȵ壬񳽾Ϳ˳ƿؾţǱԴлȽ͵
ַü˵лΪʲôҪԾţ;Źģ൱Ĺ˾ֲûУǲܾͲԸòźΪʲôҪžŲţûϴĻϴζɽׯϮޱ飬ҲİɡҵʱֳޱҾµģ˵ѣǵĿĿ϶򵥡
ȿַһۣС˵űɹģζɽׯʱҲֻ£ͷô˵ôͷʲôƻĿģҲܸЩײԱ
˵ĺƺû⡣
ַ翴ȣͻȻ˵֣ǳޣҪǺһҶоܵķӣӦòսɣ
ַ۾˵ľܻԾ״ﲨһͣĳܷɢľܣһǵһҶͦģ˵˵ʲô𣿡
һܿԼܣ֯Ҳ֪ʲôַʵܣȻÿȴһ
ȵһ˿ȻӦܿ죬˵Ҳûʲôģҵǳǿ䣬ҵļǳߣһǱԣǰ˵ѣᱻ֪
ַͷЦܲǿС㣬ǲΪֻһܹԣ˾Ͷ޷ˣ˵һѷϻ˸оܿЦ㲢һˣʳ滰ԼֱȽϺá
ַ˵꣬Ҳȿ˵ֱӶſʩչ
ȻѾ棬ôַͲÿȻţҪǿʹôߣҲûʲôϵˡ
ڿȵǰͻȻ貵ǳʧɫоһ˿˿ŹֵǳԼ۾Ȼͨ۾ԼĴԣԼʶԽԽããǴ
Ҳһʦ֪ߵĸоʦ޷ǰ֮Ტۡ
ʦԿȽдߵʱ򣬿׵ľͿܴߣҼװߣһȴȫͬоǿڽԼ񾭣ҪԼĴԡ

ﺰһǿĹҪƿȵȲпܣͻᱻ˳ߣǼ翭ȽпܣôĴԾͻΪ˫սսˣΪսĴԱضܵˣ֪أԼҲΪ׳ա
ܷĺԼܳܵġ
ת˲¾̷˶ԴķַĴ˳֣ɲǼ䣬ȱɴߡ
˳УַССĳԾһѣȻ֪Ҫǿз
ȵϣַ緽࣬Ҫ֪ǿдкܴʧܼʵģڿȷַֿ˳ߣҲͲõʧˡ
߳ɹַʵʲô֣ʲô֯
˵ҽпȣӥ鴦жʮһֶӡ
ȾıַֻҲû뵽ȸͲʲôòŵˣӥ鴦
ַһ㶣ʵô˵ºòûйϵӥ鴦ֽţ
ǡ
ͷ˵𡣡
̴ͷ˵
³ʱӥǲһ֧жжʱζɽׯҹϮ֧жµģһԱ
ΪʡʡУŲٸ֣ӥ鴦ֿǣԲʱ˼ȼ͡ǿĳԱ뺼ִ
ԽǿԽܵԷĹעԲǲȼ͵߽뺼ǣԼٱעĿԡ
鴦Ǻܳɹģ֧뺼֮󣬹Ȼ˹ĶĿû˵ע⡣
¼ά֧УʵǿߣBߣ֮ΪܣҲΪƶ״žӶ鿴
¼άսǿܷǳϡ٣ҷǳãھ鴦ҲǷǳܣҪ̫Ҫ¼άᱻ鴦ǲ
ĵڶǺų͵ԵĿȣ֮ԻᱻΪ͵ԣΪӵгȺļ˵ǹĿǱȼĶȶﲻǡ
Ϊֳļȵѧϰױȣͨʮԣʮ֣ӵжʿͷΣ⻹ΪѧϰԵʣĻԴϵͷο»ࡣ
ߵļ䣬ӷḻѧʶʹÿӵй˵ǻۣε̫ҪԿȱǲԱ
֧ĸӳڲıԱľִмƻɿƶ
»ߣҲսȼߣ֮CܣǶһͬ㣬ǸΪɣѡ
ǵ񾿾ʲôַüͷķǳˣӥ鴦þΪ˶Ըţ˵ַҲŰ
Ϊһͻ
ΪһͻʲôͻȻΪͻôԸ𾸺ţַоԼӲˣǹĨǵĶԸţΪһͻ
ǾȥոϻǧӢĵͻİɭ֣ͻѾʷǰͻʦϸ鴦ǵõͻ
ǧӢȻǸ߼ۣǶھ鴦˵ӦòʲôΪʲôǮ򣬶Ҫ͵ء
ַתһ룬ˣͻʱ򣬾鴦֪ͻļֵ֪ͻֵʱͻѾ䵽˾ŵУֻ͵ȡˡ
ȼ˵һ˽չݣб棬չƷǾŴģһͻͱղչݡ
ԭȥһչ͵Ӧúܼ򵥵ģչб棬һ⣬SչκζǵĶĿǲҶֻܴ⡣
Ǿ鴦ӦòȱǮɣôǮ򣿡ַʵ
Ƚ͵ͬȱǮǲΪչƷҲԸ˵̫ˡ
ַһͷʾ⿭ȼ
ȼ˵¼ά˵Ҫ˴ӶͻǱҷˣΪĿ̫󣬺Ϊע⣬ǻûõͻͻᱻץס
ҶļƻȨʱ񳽴չóͻǾͿ԰ȫ뿪
ȫļƻ˵ע⣬ֻȽϷʱ
ʵϣǵļƻѾɹˣѹǳٳ¹ʵĻ϶̴ְʱΪ˾ܣλ񳽵壬ǾͿõͻ
ǰܵһᣬҪ׿˵ַ벻ȥȻֻΪһͻ
ʲôͻֵ֣


266 
Ƿͻʲôرĵطַ粻ţӥ鴦ᵥΪ˼ֵǧӢͻ󶯸ɸ꣬ͻضصܡ
Ҳ֪ͷûͣҲûѯʡ˵
ַͷû̫⣬ܣЩײִԱ϶ǲ֪ġ
״̬µĿȷǳַʲô˵ʲôƬʱ䣬ͰԼ֪ȫ˵
ˣʵĶˣ·ˡ
ַͻȻһ£ȵʲôûء
ʲô
ǡǡȵıͻȻַǿԼĿƣ˵Ƕ
ַ类һû뵽ȵܾȻǶ
Ķжǿ֪ʲô𣿡ַ̫ܣҪǿȵĶַܹ֪ʲôǾ̫Σˡ
Ҫ֪Ȼжܣô֮У϶Ҳжַɱ˿ȣôԺߣǲǴԼҲᱻԷ֪
ַ˽ô£Ļ̫Σˡ
˵ܣ̫ǿˣֻܸоһ˼ά޷֪뷨
ַһȻ죬ǱϾܵƣǶκ˶ЧģرǵΪߵԼʱ򣬶Ҳ޷á
ַԼ׶ԭӦھһܣͨɢӶ֪Էʲô
ǣҲƣԷʵԼʱͻЧ
ⲢǶȱ㣬κμܵĹͬص㣬ֻǿܰѼܵӵǿ
˵˵Ķɡַʵϸ˽һ¶ԣӶ´ܵʱ׼
ȱԼĶϸĽһ飬Ϊһܣÿʱÿ̶ãҲҪʩչģʩչʱҪضĿԼܶĿ﷢ʱ򣬾Ϳ֪Էʲô
оƺƣȵĶʹ÷ΧǶʮڣͬʱԵĿ겻ܳˣֻһ˽ʹãЧá
ܵʹʱƣĿǰ˵ȫʹöĻֻܱһСʱ֮ãһСʱͷǣ޷ʹö
ַ⣬Ǿľ޷ʹö翭ȵľǿһЩʹʱȻҲ֮ӡ
ͨ˰ٷְЧǶЧرĶڱԼǿߣãᱻ
ȶַʹöʱ򣬾ȫоַֻԼӦַ˵Ǽ٣ַôģȫоˡ
սǶĹ֮˺¡
ȷǳҲ֪Ŀ֮ڶǰûܿԣԿȱԼӵжܣ鴦Ҳֻ֪ȼ䳬Ⱥ֪ʶԨȴȫ֪ȻˣԼӵжʵ
ֻͨӵһܣӵгļΪȵĴ䣬ļܣû뵽Լܡ
鴦˲֪ȵǶĻǾԲÿִģĿԣֻǰѿáԱѿȵĶãӵ̶ȡ
úʹһûдôǿǶҲӵӰΡ
ӵжĿȣȻһǳ˲š
ַ綢ſĿһۣ˿ϵĴ
Ȼѹգգۣǰַ磬ãȻȻûӴ״̬ȫѡ
ˣû뵽ǾȻӥ鴦عַ絭˵ϴһ˿Цղſǿڿ˵Լòŵˡ
Ѿȫѹ̾һ֪ԼѾеܶ˵ˣԼˣѾԼС
ַ翴˿һۣ˵˵ʵԭĴǵ鶼˵֮󣬾ɱģȻӵкĶܣκһ֯ǳãҿԸһλȥĻᣬȻǰҵ
¶һ˿ЦȻһܱ֪ȻͻᱻǿȼԷ
ȿЦҿѡ𣿡
ַ˵Եģѡȥ߼ҵѡһֻѡ֮һ
ѡûѡʲô𣿼֯ҲʶԼܻã鴦֪ѱ䣬Źҵġɺ˵
ַŵ˵İȫȫģӵбӥߴ֣Ļ㲻κΣգ˵ˣӥ鱨ܲҵ㣬һء
Ŷ𣿡ƺַ̫Ļַˣᣬ˵Ļû̫˵Ҫ֪£ԽԽǿġ
һS߻޷İȫ𣿡ַ絭˵
SߣѹˣѹĴôǿȫûеֿȳԾ˵
ַȴһSߣȷͦ˳Ծġ
Ļôͬ֯ҧҧƺ˼ѵľ
ܻţ˭Ըȥַ粻Sߣַ޷֤İȫֻҪܹţȿ϶ѡȥ
ȵ뷨򵥶ֱӣ취ȥԺ취뿪
ֻȵ뷨עҪյģ̫Сֶַˡ
ַ絭һЦ˵ܺãȣӭļ롣
ַ翴˿һۣͻȻЦóһžᣬȻھϿдͣƬ̺󣬾ͰѾᶪ˿յϡ
ԼɣûĻǩַ֡Ѹֱʶ˳ȥָǩֵĵط
ȿдֵľᣬȫɵˣö֣ȴеݾˡ
һŷЧҵľᣬʮ꣬Ҳ˵ʮ󣬵ʮʱͿˡ
ֻǿ޷ţʱֶ
ͿССľᣬͿԼԼʮꣿ
дݣ滹Ǽ٣
ԼҪǩ
ȴĿеľᣬѾԼĹ㣬һģôʮʱڣ޷롣
ſȴģַߴٵʲôûеĻ͸ǩˡ
ûѡҪôǩ֣Ҫôȥ
ȵǩַֺͬǩ֣ȻӾϷ⣬ֿУպ˵ϣһһ
飬ȴδʱѾţžˡ
ǳãղҶҪҪɱˣȻǵѡ񡣡ַ罫𣬿ȵǩ֣鲻
ȻûսܣĶǳõĺˣκսҪá
ܹߣַ鲻ȻַЩֶǿģǲûӰ쵽ַĺ顣
ԭҪﾸһѵģû뵽˲ٵջ񣬿£Ȼкñ


267 صͷ
ַ鲻һƿҩˮȥ˵ǻҩˮǿǻۣΪ֯ʹ͡
ǻҩˮȺĿеСƿӣϻܹǻ۵ҩˮòǶҩɣûҪԼҩģȫڴ״̬£Լ¶ҩ
ȻŰɣǸˣ֪ʲôʱʲô飬ַ棬̺ԥİҩˮȥ
ʮӺ󣬿ѾҩˮЧ
ʱĿٴξˣƿҩˮ֮󣬾ȻĲЧԵĸоԼľӶʹԼĶҲ㡣
ȻҽʦǶҩѧҲźļ⣬ԺҩˮĸܣȷҩˮûиãҲ˵һ൱ĳƷҩˮνʵҩ
Ҫ֪ҩˮûУЩҩˮкǿĸãʱһΣԡ
ûиöܹȶʵҩˮû˵
Ҳóҩˮǿ͹㷺;ܹҩˮδǰ;޿
ʲô֯ȿʵķǳ棬ʲô֯ӵʵܹҩˮ
ᡣַ˵
᣿û˵ҡҡͷϱȽϴ֪֯һȷû˵
ɣиᣬȴû˵ˣ֣ôǡڡ硯ᡯ
Ҵģڻڴڣ㲻ַ֪֡˵
ȵͷȴֺʵʲôģǵּʲô
ȻЩǣòʲôֲ֯ɡ
ַһ㶣Ƿɿ˵ǵּǡøãΪ˸õĻţȻø˹Ϻӣ࣬Ϻӡ
ַԽ˵Խ˳Ĵּˡ
˵ַ֮ԼȴҲĬû⣬ԼҪʲôΪΧЩʲôΪȫЩʲô
һǿµµΪ
ַӲԼǸеˣֻǸˣһͨϰգûôߵĵ¾Ҳûôߵ˼򣬴ʼգֻԼĸø̹
ֻǵԼĸõ飬ǲҲ԰ˣϸõ
ɵֻΪ֣ƺҲӦ
Լøõʱ򣬰˹ϸõҲһ顣
ãô˵ˣּԼĸãȻˣҲǹϺӡ
﷭˷ۣܸоַ˵ʵֻּƺǳġôա˵û˵һ
ˣּ֯ʲôֻҪԲеĿֲͿˡ
Ȳǿֲ壬ֻΪ˿ֲֲ˺֯ûụ̂˵ʲôʱͱ֯ըˡ
ַһͷ˵߰ɣͬѾһˣҿԶˡ
һô֪ҵͬѾһģˣǸ٣֮⣬϶˸˰¼άˡ
һ룬ҲͲ̫Ծˡ
ʮӺ˵һСſڡ
¼άǵŵؾСһ׷ڡ
˿׷ڣԱѾȫΨȱ˿ȡ
¼άüͷɵ˵ô£أΪʲôûл
˶ȫأֻпûл̫ˡ
¼άܣܣֻͿһҲ󿴼ȵˣǺʲô飬ΪʲôȵʱôţΪʲôҪǷɢ뿪Ϊʲôǰȫ£ȴʧˡ
԰¼άʣܿһС˵Ҳ֪ʱ񳽽˵ǣ˵Ǿ˸ֶԸǣ˵ҪߣСҲ˵Ҫ뿪Ҳ֪СΪʲôҪô
飬Ҳ֪ˡС´˷ɢ뿪󣬾ȥŮҲȥֻտС뿪ˡ
ܵЩεģӥ鴦òŷչΧΪòŹݣԲűɵμӴ˴λҲˣ񳽲Żţһòš
ϿжȫȨʵϣֻһͨ񳽵ǰҫڰ¼ά˵ǰһֻ߹
¼άɫȻûսǷǳεжĲ߻ִУҿȻжӵĸӳʧٽʹжӶñ
ӳô죿ҪҪǳȥҿȡܵʵ
ȥңκжпܸǴ֮֡¼άҡҡͷ˵
ʱһ˵ĺˣȥңҴȻˡ
ʲôˣ
ڳ˼Ǿ鴦ع˶һˢӣĵһʱ䣬Ǿͷܣͬʱóϵǹе׼ķ
Щһϵ治٣϶ǹкüһϣ΢ͳǹ
ǵǰֻˣһİӣһǵĸӳȡ
ȣ¼ά˫һУſȣ۾ɻɫ
ȣ˭¼ά˵û˿ǹҲû˷ǹڡ
ȿЦһȴûп˵
¼ά˿һֽۣĿ䵽ַϣ˵ѣ˭òŵ飬òҪ֡
¼άҲ˵ֻͿȵصıȣ¼άĺƿڶˡ
̽ˣ֪˭Ҳø淢źˣڣѾҰγǲΪṩ֧Ԯġַ絭˵
¼άͫһһ˿ɫ
Ҫ֪ѻֵģѻִڰڵλãҲڱҪʱṩǿĻ֧Ԯ
ڶǾ鴦ľ֣κһԶرֶ·磬ټÿ˶Яκη紵ݶᴫ¼άĶ˵һʧ
ɾһʧĲãȴֵ©ѻûκ춯ȻѾˡ
¼ά޷󣬶ԷϢµġ
¼άǳϣ֪Լϸˣûκԥ̿۶Ű¼άĿǹҲͬһʱ䣬ַ翪
ڿǹ᲻˵ȣʱѾû˹˵ˡ
ַȴ׼ȫȰ¼ά۶ʱַǰӦһڡ
ڵ³ַǰȻһɫĹܣϵħ֮ܡ
ַħʿ磬ħĿҲԭ͵ħʦַĿ£γһܣ赲ַǰֵ̬ӵиǿķ
Ĺܣַ˱˿۶ࣵУͷڹϣ赲⡣
գۼ䣬֮⣬صͷ


268 ϢϢ
¼άɴ۾Ĳ˼飬ǿˡ
ϵ۰ԼʲôˣȻֵܹôĵҩ
ĳЩߵȷԵֵӵĹǵĵֵ൱ޣӵԻᱻ˺ƬģҲǰ¼άϷԭţԼôǹһߡ
ܿϧ¼άʧˣôǹȷҲκβַħܡ
Ȼַ绹ûѧħʿħܣǾʹַʹħʦħܵҲǵǹеֻʹħܵķҲ͸޷˺ַˡ
ħ֮ĿҲˣղӵһΪԼˣ뵽ôӵȻȫ赲ʲôSܣ
SܣȫˣַһSߡ
ԴƵĹܣ¼άɵˣ˵Sߡ
һģҲֻSߡ
һɾ޴Ŀ־нڰ¼άϣһλǿSߣһȺˣӵõ
¼άûܴܲӮ⣬ܲ߶ѡ
Ҫ֪һȺУȻߣɶǸߣûսϵ۰սҲûðԷһSߣ㼺ս϶Ҳ·һ
¼άЦĿ˿һۣڲ֪Ϊʲôʱڿʱ򣬿Ҫɢ뿪ˣȻȷģΪǱһS߶ˡ
ֻϧԼ֪̫ˡ
¼ά̾һȴǳϵĺˣȻתߡ
ôʮˣû׼лӵõɡ
ֻϧжϴˡ
ַģһָһַеһƬ״磬һһȫжԷ
׵ϵħʿħֲ
ڷֲַյĻ̫ãĿǰֲֻܷʮĵ磬ɱȴ㹻ˣΪֻʮˡ
ȻߣЩ߶սܣһֲ磬ԶĴ
߼ħǺãһħܹ⡣
ַﰵһ£תͷȣȵﲼ壬ַİԵͷ
֮ԴΪڿȵǰչʾԼʵղŵҩˮǶڵɱ¾ֻжʩܳ˿ȵġ
˲ţַԺԲŻ˼ʩ
ַ緢ѵϵʬһһߵȻ̧ȻеĴָһʬʬʧˡ
ΪӰΣһĻ䵽ȵоԵ÷죬ͺַ֣ЩʬԶķ˹Ȼַʧ
ȻǵһοַʹʬʧǿȻǿ÷ǳ𺳡
תۼ䣬еʬǹеʧһգַ뵽˴ָ֮ڡ
ЩͷӵǣǾû취ˣ̫࣬ҺܷɢַҲȥ
߰ɣǹܰѾġַ˵
š
ַٴη˲ƶӷʧ
˲֮Ѿһ֮⣬СΧ
ַıַۣ룬ʵǼҲ֪ɣ
һ㶣ַܿ˼˵ַ֪Ҫ𣿡
ãַͷ˵λã˼ʻλϡ
ȵĳ൱ֿ죬ʮӾ͵ǼҲݸ
ָǰ˵ǼҲݾˡ
ַ˳ſȵָȥȻһҲݣݡ
ַ翴һֱһԼжʱ䣬Կ˵Ƕʱ䣬Ӻҡ
һ߶ַʱ䣬һ߲˵Ҫȥ͵ǷͻǾݵķϵͳǳȽڲǵ£͵ͻģһԺĸ־ͻѸٸɹļʣ̫ߣҽҪȥ͵ͻȻ;йϵȫԺ;ͻġ
˵Ŀʵô͵ﻹֵõַ簡һͰͻ͵ˡ
ַȴ΢΢һЦǳŵ˵İɣϻûʲô͵ĶӺͻ͹ˡ
һַַֹܹϢ͵Ƿͻ
жɣӺҡ£ַһ˲ƶʧˡ
Ŀ˾һۣ뿪
ַһģ֮󣬳ھݵķϡ
ַ羫չݴﵽɨһ飬ݵİϵͳȷǳȽܴһط벩ݶпҲݶʮСʱбأڵļϿԿݵκܹľҲѶ۾
ǷĿͻҲڶ¥ͻչַҵͻķһ̨ˣͻڷĹӵĿҪԿ׺ܣǿд鲣
ַľɨ赽ͻҵĵطӦһͻߣͬᷢ
ʩ൱ȽڲѰϵͳرյ£޷Ϣ͵ͻ
ַüͷȴ˵绰ؿһ֣ȴַ硣
ַҲûϢ͵ͻˣϾʩȷܣַÿȲػжʱ򣬲Ż˼ɡ
ʩѾַַ˼Ƭ̣ж
ʵϣõж˲ƽ뱣ңбΣȻȥ͵Լٺܶ鷳
ֻǱܷ⻷Ǵڲַ˲ƽǾ̫ˣַַֻܲһ
ַһ˲ƶڶ¥ͻչĳǣպòᱻյ
ַһȻ󷢶ħ׵ƿأ¥м˲ΪӶջ١
ڣŶ¥мѩĻ棬ֵصıʱ󾪣óˡ
һ̨£˵⣬ôļͬʱ£ǾͲǼˣΪƻ
ӳ̽е죬Ǽӣ˴ǹߣģҵ뿴ĸıӵļһȻҵ͵
ǻûԼ̨ͨʾԭΪ¥չĳһչǿƻӶ
ãԷˣǿߡ
ϧˣǻһǸϵ¥չʱֻص鲣һտյչչĶȴѾˡ
Ǻܼ̣ǹеҲκβ˷ַʩչķϵħ֮£ٷַķ飬ͻͱַˡ
ַͻ˲뿪̫ˣ֮ڵĸ֣Ȼ׷ٹַ粻ǣҲû鷳ıҪ
Ƭַ̺һҵ˿ȣȻ˳뿪
ûõ𣿡ȿַ˫ֿտգΪַжʧܡ
Ѿַ֡Ц˵һ䣬㲻˵ֻޱ˵绰
ٺ٣ޱϢһϢһϢһ
ģõġޱ˵Щȿ˼
Ϣǣҵľݱ˵ˣʧһֵǧӢͻ
ںϢͻ͵ġ
绰һͷޱʱˡ


269 ҽһ
ޱоԼӲˣʲôϢϢ̫߰˰ɡ
ַٴδЦе˵㿪Ц˵ĺϢѾˡ
Ѿˣ˵ǾŵѾˣޱоţǾô鷳ַڶ̶̵Сʱڽˣ
ǵģѾˣµ绰ﲻ˵һҴȥңϸ˵˵ַ˵
úãޱæ˵
ַЦЦ˵绰һͻ˳
ȿַͻȻֵͻһۣ¿ùˣȴҲֲˡ
ǵĿͻ治֪ͻʲôܣֵǴ󶯸ɸꡣַҡҡͷӱϿͻκرĵطַڿͻΪʲôֵǧӢ
ǧӢǼֵüˡ
ַľͻϸɨ裬תۼ䣬ַɫһϲͻˡ
ʵϣİɭ֣һͻϻɵģҲ˵һŻֽͻȥİɭֺ󣬲ŻĿ
ͻõͲӦƵģԺһͻͲʺ֮ǰǷͲʣûںһַţʹҩˮϴȥİɭֵʱ򣬺һͻòͻǰ
ַͲô鷳ģľͻɨһ飬Ϳͻè壬ֻͻǻһģͲȻûںһ𣬵ǱϾճһģַֻܿè壬ҪþҪһʱ䡣
Ȼһʱ䣬һѣֻӵʱ䣬ַͻĲͬӶԭ˵ײͻĿ
µǷͻһݵͼӢ˵
ַݿ壬ͻʵİɭֵߣһλ͢Ұɣ
ȵͷ˵ǰӥŴһλ͢ңİɭʱڵƷһҰεʱģӥҲ޹ϵԲŻ䣬Ѿʮʷ
Ըоַ쳣ʵʣǲѾ֪ͻˣ
ַһЦ˵ɣʵͻһŵͼ׼ȷ˵һŲرͼ˵ӥ޹أǾǳˣΪŲرͼӥҵġ
ҲǺǸͻֵļأӥҵʱ˼ΣΪ˱ҵܵĽһֵ˵ĲƱ͵͵вƱص˶ֻܴͻΪصĵͼ
ҵʷ֪ʶӥҵΣƺȹȥˣȴûпҲ֪ʲôʣʱһؾֱ꣬Ǿ鴦˻˱صϢȡͻ
¾ȣû뵽ͻȻܣѵ鴦ȡͻˡ
ǿɸоЩ˼飬ҪͻΪʲôֻЩȡҪ֪ȺǿҲֻһBߣ鴦ɲֻЩСϺף
֮ǰ֪ͻҪԣȻΪʵ֪ͣͣͻܣ֪Ǳʱص󣬿Ⱦ͸о鲻ˡ
üͷ˵Ҿãӥҿܻ֪ͻ飬ھ鴦ĸ߲Ҳ֪¡
Ŷ˼ǣַоȣѵʲôĻ
㲻˽鴦ԲǾ鴦´﷽ʽͨΪ˱ıԣԽҪԽɸ߲㷢ƹұصӦɸ߲淢ɾ鴦һԷǣʱǷֻǾ鴦ж鳤֮ǰ֪ͻļֵԲɣ֪ͻļֵǾԵÿˡ
ңҪͻôֻһֽеȡΪ˱Ⱪ¶Ŀ꣬ҲɼAߴЭɣʲôûУֻ⼸CһB߽еԡ
Ȼǵʺģ̫ˣǳ˿ɡ
Ҫ֪ԽߵˣԽ鷳µβҲԽ࣬ЩΪȽϵͣףʹǷ⣬ҲܹܺõĽڸǡ
ַͷԭˣѹֲǿԭĻ棬ҲܣȻ鴦ϲ㻹֪£ôԼ鷳϶ҲٵһЩ
ΨһϧǣŵͼָĵصӥַûʱȥӥѰʱˣҲûϵշ
ˣ㻹û԰ɣַ翴ֱŵˣΪ˾촦£Ҳûԣһֱڡ
ûءҲͬһֱŶӡ
·ͣһ£ǳȥַ翴·һװ޻ըݣˮ˳
õġȴӦһſͣ½γ
ʱѾ˷㣬ûпһòϰڿӡ
ϰ壬ը档ַк
ඣԵȣϾͺáţ˾ȥ̨档
Ƭ̺ըͶ
ϰղըζܺãַԵĺ졣
ȹŹֵĿַһۣû뵽ַĴҲСݳը档
ôˣ𣿡ַһ΢Цʵ
ǰе֣ԵĹը棿
Ǻǣûʲôֵģҳͨ˼ͥһֱźͨը棬ϰˣżը棬õַЦ˵ǰʱԼϲԵըˣرը棬Լ
ȵһ˿棬û뵽Ȼͨ
ըʱһƽյĽγſڿ
γڵͻȻſڵı۳ͻȻеȵȡ
˾һ̰ѳͣ
ѳҡųƿȥļ㲻ǵַ籼۳ĳơ
곯ڿȥȻַһŮڳ档
ҡϳڳڳĬĬһ֮ãŴ򿪳ţȥ
û뵽㡣к
߽ʱַ֪˽ˣתͷһЩȣȻƽгꡣ
гðַкʵгй񣿡
ǡҡҡͷʵʵ˵ҵһλС˳أҽѾ϶ҹˣ֪ˣһ˿϶޲ߵģҲ֪뱻˴ţûи绰ֻû뵽ȴҡˣо𣿡
һû˵λСݲһ㣬Ȼַ֪ҽǷҲҺƼַȥˣΪƼȥҪеεģκȻйͣһûЧǾҪˡ
ݣ뷨ͱȽϸӣҲȽ϶࣬һֱԥûиַ绰ֱղſַҲںУһ뵽СԼϵܺãԥ֮󣬲ַ硣


270 ҽ
ַĬг˼ͬҲ֪һλᣬͬҲһ鷳
ַʵ׼֪ôһģг룬˵鷳
˵˵˭Ʒô
ƷҪַɲԼ˲þȵˡ
гȴһַû߲ôȴݺƷ˵ַоεİգҪ֪ղгѾ˵˲ѾҽԺ˵İ
Լ̬˵ҵķССһԺģֽ޼һԣʡĶӣʡҽһԵƷǾûģȻĻҲС浽ˡ
ˣһԱҴ꣬ˮְг
ַһ㶣ΪĿгһۣӵĶӴСһԺ󣬶ͬΪггĳҲ򵥰
ַĵ˵ͷ˵ȻгķСҪгӵģɣҺгһˣʡòҸгһءгҿûҽִհ
ַ˵ģҲгĵĵطгַ֪ҽ߳ģʡ֪Ǽ˿ɲһַͬҽ
Ȼֻʱǲ˵ģгϲ˵̫лˣ仰Ҿͷˣ֮ΣҶ顣
ַͷ¿ӣ˵²˳٣߰ɡ

ʡҽԺ֢ҡ
ҵĵѾ߸Сʱ߸Сʱȣ޼һԵȻûд
ҵһԺƣĴ
˲ֻ̫࣬ʡԼ޼ҵļѡ
ԺʡʵԺһôˣҪҪ
Ժƣϣ¶Ȼɫ˵ԲѾˡ
ҵĶӰʡ˶ʱҪ޵˹ȥ
ʡҲòȥǰһڣҪ˷һѣҪˡ
׷ͺڷ˵ʹֻ࣬е˲Ż˽⡣
ԺѵͲ취ǹõҽ˵˽飬޼һԵá
޾ֳг˵̫ˣѾˡ־ֳ԰ԺŻ˳ƺ
ô˵̲ס
޼鼫ãһ뵽Ҫôȥˣܹġ
ַг߽ҽԺһ̿ϼˣΪоЩ˶޷ȥ̽
гͬ£ֻܸ˵绰
ʱ˫ͨ죬ϻδɵۡ
гܵ
飬һôˣżʵ
Ȼҡҡͷ˵˵Ժ˵ˣҸʣµʱѾˣ￴һ档
гȻַһַۣͷ
г˵飬ҸһˣλַҽˣȹӵĹֲһպ;ǣұ˹һԣ㿴𣿡
һתͷַ翴ȥղûϸڲſ壬ַһò˵ˡ
̫ˡַӡ󣬿ַᣬʱһҽĴСźܴĹϵַ̫ˣҽٺãҲǺõޡ
ַϾǺܹģȻַôõҽȴҲ˵
οˣҲг֮ܲصİʲô˶ܹû׼Էһֺҽء
뵽˵ɣȥȥְ˵һ£ְô롣̫ˣҲ
ſԵȣҡ
Щҽʿڼæµʡվһԣ̨Ѫ۵ĶӣĬĬᡣ
磬Ҫͦס鿴̲סԭĨȥˮٴ
ӣʡ˵֣翴ˣһҽ˵ҽ߳翴
ҽҽҽ߳ϾʡݲһǵҲһŮĻûϴӦ
һԵ޷˿ɾͲͬˣûô࣬̽еùҽ
ԺüͷԼõĲˣҽκãѾЩˣҪǶԷʡﲻ𣬰Ժͷˡ
ɵ˵ҽ̫ˡ
ʡ˾У˵ʲô᲻ģȰ˴˵綼ˣû
ȴ˸ףʡ
ʡ˶һۣʲôҲûȴ˵ͷ
һԵİԺ죬ȴʲôҲҶ˵
߳ңַ˽
Ȼ˵ҽᣬĿַ֮ʡ򸾻Ǳһ̫ˡ
ԺƤҲһôһСҲҽ߳ͣҽԺ»ʵϰҽĽ׶ΰɡ
ַɲܱôģ֮˵ߵ̨ϣ޼һԿһۣȻΪ
ʡⲻ͹ذԺüͷļҽԺҲҽΪԼĲ˿ġ
ȴ˵ֻǾĿַ
ʡı֣ԺȻȴҲֻԺתһ룬ֲˣҲãԭȲгԼȻûΣҲǶģ֣Լڹɾٺòˡ
ַܲκãгƣȴڰԺĿǷΧ֮ڣгƣԺܳŵھ㲻ˣȻǺǣ
һӣӣӣַɫأҲأԵַ棬ַڼ䣬˭Ҳ˵˭ҲҴַ磬ڳļҲΪַ棬ַҽ˼ġ
ǰԺʱҲѵһҽ֣
ַ֮ųһ˵߹Ƕ̴Ҷѣ˫ȹۣʧѪ࡭ַһ©İ޼һԵȫ˵˳
ʡԺԺȣӰԺɫѿַ˵ǣһ
ǰܰ˰ѳҲ̫˰ɡ
ʵʲôһɨȫˣַʱ䣬ԱʾԼ棬Ҳ˵޼һԵ̫ء
ʡʱҲˣʵҽҶӻо𡣡
ַһͷ̵˵С
һ⻰ڳ˶һ𣬰Ժ𾪣Ϊ޼һԵҽ޼һԵ޼һԵҪٶ군ˣôεúأ
ҽһҪȾҼҶӰ޷˿Žе
ַ翴ӣ˵ʡҪڿʼ𣿡
ַȻģǱϾݲʡֻܰĿ⿴ԺԺȨԺ
ԺһͷַʵҽļҽѧԺҵģ
ַɫȻƽֻȴ䵭ǿгϲŹģȻǶҵҽйǣǾɡ
£ַתҪߡ


271 ҽ
ԺʵַļҽԺҵģַͲӣ̧ȾҪˡ
˵ģģĿǰ˵ֻܾȻ޼һԣַûбҪ
ַҪߣʡҲˣ˵ҽҽΪǼҼһˣʲôҪܷԸһ
ʡû˵ϻ˵ķǳֱӡ
Ժɫһ䣬ȴͲҿڡ
ַͣ½Ųһͷ˵ˣ˳ȥɣǶڳ
̲ס˵ҽҪ˴ְɣҪǼʿôأҽҽٸҲҪְæɡ
ˣһ˾Ϳԡַ翴ʡ˵ɣʡ£˳ȥ
λߵľʡˣʶʶԼֶΣԼеĵλҲһá
ַԼ£ʡַһݣַҪаκüһԣǿ϶Լµġ
뵽ʡ˵Ժλȥһ°ɡ
ʡһڣԺԹҲţֻܻĴ߳ȥ
Ƭ̺ڳ˻Բѵ޼һԣֻʣʡַˡ
ҽһԾͰиˡʡϿҵ˵
İɣȻҳ֣ȻͲ¡ַ絭˵ϳŵɫ
ллҽˣҪЩʲô𣿡ʡ˵¹ضɲСġ
ãʡԱ߿žͺãҵƷЩͬѰϣʡ֮󣬲Ҫַ˵
õġʡ֣ص˵
ַľѾ޼һԵɨһ飬޼һ˵ĺأϵƣѾҽĴλĸ˵ļⶼѾλ
ͨҽڴͷλϣȻûַʹþ۲ô׼ְֶַ޼һû׼Ĺͷϡ
ͷϣԽˡ
ַûʹħҩˮƣΪʹҩˮķʽٶ̫죬ҲʾֶΡ
ַķʹˮϵħơ
ϵħУ˹ϵħ⣬ֻˮϵħ߱ˮϵħȻûйħǿȴҲ֮
ַĬĬַʩ͵⡣
ˮϵħȻܺ͹ϵħȣ˻ûġ
ַ̧ƣе⳯޼һȥ
һԵʡɵˣŵ۾ǰȷԼûпַڷ⡣
̫ˣʲôߣԣַܿ⣬ߣҲû˵ܰ
ʡĸ߶ȣȻߵ֪ķǳ
ֵַֻ̫ˣʡȻþĪ
ַеˮϵˮϵħȻûйϵħôۣЧҲǷǳϣˮϵħҪȹϵħЧǿ
ַάʩʮ֮ͣе⣬ʱַĶͷѾܲһϸ
ϸַģȻôʾԼࡣ
ַͣ£ʡ̰һ˹ҽˡ
ַӹ˵ʡˣӵˣѾȶֻҪʵ޴ˡ
޼һԵ˺һ룬ûΣգΪûȫãҲ̫ˡ
ֻڶҽ˵޼һˣƬʱͺ˴룬Ȼһǳ˼顣
ллллҽĶ飬޼ģԺʲôҪĵط뾡˵ǡʡ˵
УҲʡģԺ鷳ʡĵط»ǳࡣַЦ˵
û£ʡʱãҲЦû£û£Ϊҽ£ҵҡ
ַҽû˵ģܹύʿĶã鷳
ַȥŰ˽н
гѾûˣҩЧûйȥʱ򻹲ѣҩЧȥȻˡַ͵
Ժио˼һˣһңȥ޼һԵ壬ʧɫ޼һĸѾƽ鿴޼һԵ˿ڣ˿ϵķǳãȫ˵ģ
˼飬̫˼ˡԺ˵˵ȻᣬȴҲ
ԺһԵѾûϵ˰ɡʡʵȻҲַĻǰԺҲⷽȨһ˷ġ
̫˼ˣгѾȹΣڣ⡭޷󡣡ԺַĿȫˣĿ𺳡
Ժе˵ҽܲ˵˵һ㣬ϵһ漣ҲһشĸĶżзĻ룬϶ܹŵҽѧǶ˻Ƕᣬżĺô
ַ΢΢һЦȻ˵ԺΪǳֶοƵ𣿲ҲԸ⹱Լҽҵҽڷǳ棬Ѱ˿ѧģ޷ƹ㿪ֻ˵Ǹˡ
⡭㲻ƹ㣬ӦҲṩѧϰɣҲһҽӦöҽ߸ĸĵĵԺȻûġ
Ժ⻰ɾ˵ˣʲôʱ˵ҽˣҽ߸ĸ仰Ҳòϡַû뵽λԺƤͦģҲúϻֱӳʡ˵ʡгѾûˣһ£ôҾˡ
ãҽʡ˵
ҿɲҽʡּɡַ˵
ʡһЦ˵ãҾͽɣȻҽҽȺν֮ҽһҲΪġ
ʡ˵ЦˣҽҿɲҵһаɡַЦȴ¶ȻɫȻҽ֮θڡ
ʡַҽΪֱ۵ӡ󣬷ĵİַ統ҽҲҽĹԴģ԰ַͳҡ
԰ַͳҽԺǾ̫ˣϾҲʡźܶ˼ɵġ
⣬˻µ绰ַŸ뿪
ַ˵һͶʣڽʲôջǾҪʡƷˡ
߳ҽԺַ˱ۣѾ;³ԼҾƵסȥˣݱϾЩر𣬻ǲҪַߣܵĺá
ôһ󣬵ַ翪ޱʱ򣬶ʮˡ
ַ粻һģ³ʱ񳽸ַһͬ³
һϵмµڹҲַ֤ȻҪŹ
ַʱޱ丸ѾڿȺʱ
ַһַӡַĿȻûиַʲôɫˡ
񳽣͸оˣô˻һʱʲôСӽϵһˣ
ʣַ΢΢һЦָ˵֪ʲô𣿡
һ㶣һŭ㵱ϺͿˣһܲʶ
ޱɻûְ˵˾أְַֻ֣߰ҪϢԸŮŻڴˣȴַ硣
ַҲˣЦе˵ɾϴˣϹ


272 
ַҲˣЦе˵ɾϴˣϹ
Ϲ⻰ʲô˼üͷĿ⿴ַֿ񳽣۾ɻ
ַЦûλѾ֮ǰʶˣû䣬ȴˣҪλãٸĵڹϹ
ʲô˵ڹⲻܣ֮ǼʮĽ鰡ҾҲһѪôûٵšʧɫ˵
û˵ҪٵţˣԼͷ˵ɡ
ַһͷ˵Լ¼ǰ˵һɡ
ǡ񳽵ͷ˵
˵ĺϸ˵˶ʮӣŰ飬˵
񳽵˵ˣû뵽˾һϵе¼Ȼڱ
ɹܶˣΨûлɹ񳽣Ϊֵܣĺ飬Ҳĸ֮ʮĽ飬񳽲ܱġ
ҲΪΣʹˣ񳽵ıѡ
ϾҲϽˣһ֮侲
Ŀַ磬ʵڵģô£ô֤˵滰Ǳƻ߱ơ
ַһͷĴָ˵棬񳽵ȷʱˣĻôʵʵ˵
ǣҵĿֻ˵滰ǿ˵ٻǼ٣ҪɲԼжˡ
㡭һŭСҿˢ
ޱһ׵ɫ̵ַһۣɿ˵ַ磬㲻˵Ѿ鷳鷳
ޱȻϣַԼĸ׳룬ַø׹Ŀ࿴
ޱһַۣЦһ˵úúãֱˡ
ܲµóε飬һ𣿡
òţ˵òŵĻַҲͲôˡ
ԣòţòֻʹõһӶѣĻ֣ӥľ鴦
ʲôӥ鴦һҲ벻Լӥľ鴦
ޱҲǳһҲ״ַ˵顣
ַ粻ǰе飬˵˳
˵龭ַ˵в˴¼ľ鴦عѾҵɱǴǵҵ֤ɡ
ַڿڴһ£ó֤֤ݵ
ϸĿе֤Щ֤Ӧòмٵģѵַ˵Ķģ
ַóֻ˵ﻹһ¼ڹǿһ¡
¼ǵʱ¼ƵĿȵĿڹϸĸԾжľ徭¼ľˣǸ֪ЩϸϢġ
ȸŮַ¼Ƕַ˵ǣѾٷְˡ
˼˵ô飬Ϊ˵õһͻ
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ⲻܣǴھݾ棬Ұϵͳǳܣܶʧͻġŵ˵ݱܣַôܵȡͻ
ַһ㶣֪ʧԵϢ˵ҲǣʧȻһ£ݵλ¿»Ҳڴϵľֻеȵ죬Ż֪顣
ޱַղŵĵ绰ѣȴѾ֪ʧԵ飬ʱ򲢲̫ȡ
ײţޱֻܿЦһ˵֣ҸղȥˣǵľڽʧˣĵûǶһͻ
ʲôʧеѾǲ壬ڼδʧɫˡ
ַЦôңҳϾݵİϵͳǳܣֻҲͬһˣ˵ûκܵİܵİҲֵסҵ֣һͻʵ̫ˡ
̾һͻȻַ˵лл㣬Ƿһ顣
ϾǴˣѾַĻҲַ֪ȡͻĿģַת˵˵ߣ澸ŵֵȥ˺ܴ鷳
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ͻȻƣĸоǴӴҵǿǿȴǼعĲ£ֱԼŬ𣿻᲻ᵽͷֻΪ£
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ðɣŮϲĻĻ£Ҳˡ
ַȻ֪뷨˵ôãҪɱҿԴ͡
ˣȥɣ£һᴦõġȻѾ֪ĻֺڹԱֶΣȻܹϡ
Сַһͷ񳽣ؼ˯þȻ
ַ񳽹Ȼؼ˯ȵҲԶָѡ
Ůַֿ磬¶һ˿΢Ц˵˶ģ˼ң͸ȥ˯ˡ
һߣʣַ硢ޱˣһֵڷﻺƮɢ
ַͻȻޱЦе˵ˣҼǵĳ˵Ҫ˾ŵΣ֣ǷǵģͲ֪㲻ˡ
㡭Ҫ𣿡ޱɫһ죬ͻȻţַĸ
á
ַһͷͻȻһģգۼ䣬ַѾޱһޱڻļУĴ
ޱĴȥһɵ㣬ȥ
ַһȥͲ뿪ˣַֻҲ֪ʱ죬ֻһǣͷſޱ
ǵûǷǰˡַһ˲ƶӷʧˡ
ޱվԭأ˫ֲԾԼĴ찡ĳǰĳǾôûˣ
Ҳɡ
ޱͻȻһЦ
ڶһ磬ַȥֹ˾ǩԼĹ˾֮ǰĺͬٻҪĹ˾꣬͵ΥԼҪ⳥һʾ˵ΥԼַȻǮҲû󷽵ǮĵزҲʲôöַ͸ӲԸǮˡ
Ҳַ칫˾ԭΥԼԲ⣬봦ϡ
ôǾ̫ˡ


273 ܹƻ
Ĺ˾ϾǩкԼԼĹ˾ðȻΥԼȴҪ⳥޶ΥԼ
ΥԼĽйأԼ꣬һΥپҪ⳥ַ֮࣬粻ȱǮҲԩͷûҪʶǮ
ַԸķǳ򵥣һȥʲôⶼˡ
챻ߺַѾѯʹ֮ܿôĹ˾ȫΪ˾Ļ־ֳԵʣڲ֮ǰľ˾ΪĳЩԭ˫ˣһʧȥ˺̨֪ʧȥ̨Ķͷ̿ʼȫѹ죬ܲѹҵ±Թȡ±֧֡
±ǳ¼ҵСү¼ڽʡǿүүǸʡ׼˶ҪְֻҪ±ͷ֧ܶȹ˴ѹء
ֻû뵽Ʊַƻ±֧죬侮ʯַҵʱֹ˾ƲıԵ
ƲƲˣ˾һƲôĺͬҲͲˡ
ôù˾ƲҲǳ򵥡
Ҳʲôöٻ£˵๼
ַ£ڰ칫һƿƣȻһƿ׾߳칫ңڹ˾ﵱڶԱ棬һߺȾƣһߴ
Ա˾˺ܶ飬˵˾ͿҪƲˣϰ鲻ãҲǿģ飬˭˭飬Ҳõġ
һͨƢ쵱żһ죬ȻԱ˳ȥ
ڷƷϰ壬˭ҲҽƬ֮󣬹˾徲ֻһ˴վڰ칫
Сʱ󣬴˻𾯵ľԱϵʱλڴõڰ˲ֹ˾¥㶼յĿȫǣ˾ļջٴ룬Աǲֻ࣬˾˴֮С
º飬˾ԭ֮ڰ칫ȼļΪļȼգѹ˾Զϵͳرˣŵ´ȼա
֮ǰѾѹ˾һʽȫתƣ˾Ѿ˿տǣ˶²⣬ߵĿܣԲŻתʽ𣬲ҷļЩļ϶ܲһ㣬ֻϧļѾգһ޴Ӳˡ
һ˾ʽѾգٺ͹˾ҵҵ׷رЩлδҵڵҵļˣҪǷ
һ鲻ԣһ˫ӣ̾ˣϰˣˣֹ˾ôˣ˾ûˣ˵ĺͬȻҲԶֹˡ
ǣ飬ַѾµֻûѡ
ۿŴַ֮뿪صС

ǵǸһ䣬ַΣڰ׼ҵвԹ緹ַ֮ԿֱϼҶȥ
ַһȥģĸĸͿȣͺѾȥ˺ǣַѾ˰ţ˺Ȼ˽Ӵǡ
Ӻǵϼʵ̫Զر˸֮಻СʱͿԵˣļأ׼ʱûӹԼϢԼͼʱǰȫġ
ַһַ絹ǲԼİΣҪǵİ׼ȥԼϼҵ鷳ǿɾһ鷳ˡ
ϣַ绹ͦмԶģҪѣԼǱ׼Ұˣ»ڹ¶֪
鱨Ȼǿ󣬿Ҳ©ĵطǺбҪʵУҲͬԼ鱨
鱨ܣַҲѡˣǿȣȻûսǶܷǳãټһŴͷԶҲǾ鴦ԭǸ鱨ģ鱨ܣǷǳʵġ
Ȼ鱨Ľ»ǳܷʱ䣬ãҪһĹ̡
ַֻͻȻַֻ洫ϰ壬˲鿴ڹϣѾйܣ׼ҿѾ֪Ĵڡ
ô죿ַһڣ԰⻹û찡ôᱻԷ֪ϵģ
ȵȣַע⵽Ĵǣû˵Ѿ򿪣˵Ѿй¶Ȼ鲢򵥡
鳤µûڴ򿪰ɣַʵ
ǵģϰ壬û򿪣й߲֣ԶԷȨޣ鿴Ϣ
˭ַ˵ѾѶԷ˱ɱ
ΪߣԱɱ
˵ԷиԴǹֳȨ޿鿴ϣҵ鱨ԴǸ߼ңǸ߼μĵܵܣ߼ҺͰ׼ӦûϵĿǰ鱨ޣ޷жϣһθԴΪڸΪǸ߼׼ҵĺ
֪ˡΪиĸڳַ˵ĲǺϸֻܺ˵ַ˼ȴ֪ĺġ
Ҫ߼ң߼ҵϢԷ㽫Ը߼ҡ
ַɲǴˣ˰ԼһôŹԷǲܵ飬ԴȻںԼԣˣҪҪԸ߼ңҪ߼ʲôλǷǣǣַ粻⣬Ѹ߼ͬ
ΪΨһһħʦһħʿĽ׶ΣַģӦһѡ
ڵ绰˵ϰ壬׼ҵõϢѾ쾳ʧˣĿǰٲǺܿǳϰģϰҪСĵŶ
֪ˣʲô𣿡
һ£ϰ壬һţѾϣϰȨһŵӦá
һţһ˹ܳóԵƲģһţԸõĸ硣
뿴ɣȫж̨ԣ羿жôӴԵӴӵгԣҲܿȫ磬˹ܵĽ飬˹ܹ硣
ȻĿǰļһԾͿȫĵزҲԣ̫вˡ
ܺãȨܹƻַ˵
õģܹƻظһ飬Ȼں̨ܹƻ
żƻϼҵڵĻУһΪԭ͵˹ܿʼԶơ
һ˹ΪһţһΪģ壬ţȻһźͶΪģ帴źĺţһĺΪģ帴嵽˺š
һģıˣ˱ʮûãڵ˹ѾƵһǧ˰ٺţԷĳһǧ˰˹ܣҲޡ
ʱܹʽһǧ˰˹ܣʼһһϴ磬ÿһмͶһ˹ܣ˹ܻԶڵصĳڣӶݵĹ磬ҲܲĻͷų
Щ˹ܿԺܺõʻȨޣΪܲԣе˹ܡ
ܹƻ
ƻȫɹʱַ罫ȫ硣
ȻľˣҪλᣬҪٵʱ䣬һ£Ҫµʱ䣬ɲ֡
̨ڲϸ˹ܵʱַı۳ڻصլ


274 Ų
ô°ǼլʲôʱˣǰȻĹأַ縸ĸɵˡ
ַЦ˵֣裬Ҹղ˵飬ҰլΧһȦˣǳһȱǺˣһԺס
ΧһƬˣûǮϰЩ۵˵
ϰҡҡͷ˵Ǵضǣ㽨Ҳĵذأ̫ˣֵ̫
ַЦ֣Ͳ˰ɣܷƺǼլкܴĹϵլķˮãҷƵģȻˣҲլһضζȱã÷ˮȻǼңܼҷơ
ѽǶܵΪ˺÷ˮǮӦõġһ˻Ǻŷˮ֮˵ģַһ˵ˮϰ̴ͷ
Ϊ˼ӿ칤̽ȣ̶ַֻ൹Ľ޽޽ٶȷǳɹַۣһλɽׯѾˣһµľϸӹͿסˡ
ַĿ⳯ŲԶȥһ·һԲδ¥¥߾Ų㣬ΧߵĽһۿȥܿĴڡ
¥ڱ֮ôڿռϷѿռȫڸǡ
ͬʱ¥㻥ַͨвɣͻΪһħħıҲõܱ¶ȥˡ
ħĹҪѰħ࣬ͬʱҪĵĲҲ࣬ǻƽģ㹻ħʦúüħġ
ħַħ֮󣬳˺֮⣬ַ罫κδ
ǺҲûа취зģħֵܹĹͬҲӦÿԵֵ˵ĹȻַڵʵòħֻǽͲ˵ˡ
ȻַҲţõķǲᱻŰģеĲöɵʱ򣬺ܴܲ򵽴˵أΪ⡣
ַ翪۳ŸĸΧתһȦȥʩҲһۣڹ̵Ľȣַ绹Ǻġ
ҪַϻǮûǮеö࣬ʻѰҪߣ֮£ȻҲͿˡ
·ʱûãסĵطȴҲõĵģеǿշַ֮ǰǻǮⷿס
ѲһȦַͰѳԼµķݣԿѾַ֪ʱվ⣬Ρ
ã̺á
ộˡ³ץԿС֣ЦеĿԿԽԽϲʲôʱӱǾ̫
Ѱķ䰲һ£λǿȣƸԱҲһ¡ַ͵ĺܣֱӰѽӴ񽻸Կ
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ʵַҲ͵ǵȴȥɵ̫ˣֻöʱ䣬顣
˴кַŲ뿪ַûȥطֻص˹أȻ͵͵һ˲ƶڡ
ڵһ㣬ַĬĬʩȻֽ棬ַʩַɫĹԣɫĹ˳쵽ϣȻڵ洦۳һɫħͼơ
ħͼƣְͱ¡ħͷųԱ֮ΪŲͼ꣬ҲԳ֮Ϊʱյ꣬Ȼַϲʱյꡣ
ʱյɴŲܶɣǴŲƶʱΨһݣֻʱյ꣬ܽʱŲУ׼ȷλɴŲ
Ҫ֪ŲԶƶħƶľ붯ǧû׼ȷĵ궨λԻƶʧʱ
ʱյԲԶҲֻнʱյ꣬ܽдŲ
ַڻ֮ǰѾں׷ﲼһʱյ꣬ڵڣֲһʱյ꣬ʱյ껥ӦԽдŲʩУҿ
ԴӻôŲַ֮绹ûʹùŲҲ֪ŲƵЧǲôţơ
ַ罫ͱ¡ħ䣬ԴħеǵŲƵķġ
ħڵķĺַʱ㣬ŲƷģַ罫Ͷһŷģ֪̾ĴĿ򣬶һ֪Ӵ˵صҪħ
Ųĵħʹ;ȣԽԶĵħԽ࣬ԽĵħԽ٣ħĵʱŲƽʧܡ
ַ罫עͶλںǵʱյ꣬ŲƵʱյ꣬Ҫ֮һħ
ĵħ̫࣬Ҳ٣һŲƾҪ֮һħ
ﵽǵľٹ֮һħԿԽٹȫħԿԽǧٹ
ǧٹľ뿴ƺԶǷȫĻ̫һЩڹƶû⣬ƶͱȽ鷳ˡ
Ҫַ֪ڵħ̶ȣÿκľħҪҪʱ䣬ܰѺľħָϣһΣһƶ볬ǧٹÿƶַҪϢܼƶƶٶϣһȷɻơ
ɻȻûдŲٶȿ죬ǷɻУҲħ˷ɻַħͻ¼Լս
ŲȻãһ볬ǧٹͱɻĿˣĻַ绹ǺбҪΪԼŪһֻġ
ϧӥû󣬷ĻǿԵ
ǳļӥҲ㲻ôħޣǿԴˣǺķȣЩġ
õķŪһֻﰡ
ϻȲ˵ˣԴŲЧ¡
ַӦħеʱյ꣬Ȼ󷢶Ų
ַʩڵħʼȼգΪһעħ֮ڣħڵĴŲԽԽȵַħĵ֮һǵڲһ³һɫĹԣɫĹַĽ£γһֱ׵ľħġ
ַָоԴ׷ΧڵκζһŲƣҲԲһŲƣħĸǵķΧڣַԿŲƵӶǷŲơ
ַûЯƷֻǽŲơ
һַԭʧˡ
ٹ֮ĺĳ׷ڣɫĹڷȻһַͻأĳڷС
ΪԶԭ򣬴ŲƵʹøо˲ƶҪǿ࣬ʹ˲ƶûиоʹôŲԸоʱյĵߵãַһ΢ͷθо
ַҡҡԴ￴һۣÿԼں׷ǵǵʱյڴ˵ء
ַ˺һٿղվĵطϳ˾ĴשʲôҲûУַȴ֪ǵɫʱյ꣬ݷڴש֮¡
ʱյӵһԣ£ǿʱյĴڵģرڵϣ˲ħ͸ԲʱյĴڣַҲ˿ԷĵĲʱյꡣ
һ˹½Ͳͬˣ½ħ磬ЩʦǶԪصǳУصʱյܹͨ˵۾Ƕħʦȴ
ħʹʱյ꣬ҪСĽⱻ˷ʱյĴڣӶ鷳
ַڷƬ̣ٴηŲصڡ
ַһϸһ΢Ц
˵ʵŲȷǳãٹľ룬ŲƾͿأڿŲƷΧڣ룬Ѿپ塣


275 
ŲҲһȱ㣬˵ơ
ŲʹʱյжλܽŲƣʱյʹܵƵġ
ʱյɴŲܶɣֻеַʵԽǿ󣬴ŲܵʱյŻԽࡣ
ַĿǰʵܷܵʱյӦòᳬʮֻʮص㣬ʱյꡣ
ŲƳʱյ⣬һȱ㣬ʹսУ޷Ӧá
ַʵʹãַѾ֪ŲʩŲƣҪӵʱ䡣
ӵʱ䣬ѾܶˣֻǶս˵ӵʱ̫ӵʱ䣬㹻ַ类ɱϼʮϰٴˣԴŲս޷ʹãֻڰȫ£ʹôŲ
ַͻȻһŲǸʱյķλо׼ŲƵģʱյ괦ƶ״̬£ܽŲ𣿼ʱյ걻ƶˣЧ
ַ뵽ڴռңҵһֻ
Ȼַʩʱյ꣬Ƭ̺ϱ㱻ʩһεʱյꡣ
ʱյ꣬Ч
ַƶλȻٲ鿴ʱյ꣬ȴźķ֣ʱյƶͬʱѾʧȥλʱյǲܽתƵġ
һԣַЩˣʱյԾ׼λһλͲ޷ģһģͻʧȥλܣӶҲ޷Ųơ
ϧˣĻַȫʱյӳĳһƷϣȻ˴ƷȥĿĵأַͨʱյжλӶŲơ
ǿϧʱյ޷ƶʹãַ뷨Ҳֻˡ
ðɣʵҲûʲô⣬Ҫһ˶ѣֻҪһˣȻʩʱյ꣬Ӵ֮󣬾Ͷˡ
ȷʱյƶԺϵʱյҲûдڵıҪԣַһ㣬ϵʱյɢͿԱһ˷ˡ
ʱյ걻ʩ֮󣬿ѡɢɢӰʱյʹá
ַϺõĶʵкܶ࣬õǸħַĵȼ̫죬ܶħգսиַ缼ܵȻǳޡ
Ҫ֪ȼԽߣѧϰħҲԽ࣬ЩѧϰħҲԽԽԽԽա
ַյļǲ٣Ƕڱ棬ħУԶԶûգֻһ̤ħʿżϣ㲻úϸħʿ
ַͻȻ̾һĸúúóħˣħʿʵħİ壬ڵϺУӦûġ
ȻһҲԵ÷ǳС
ַ˲ӣףӶڲ龧龧һвַһֱλ龧Σ
ַתһ룬ԼĺæҪȥɵ̫̫࣬˵һ̶ܿС
ʼɻɡ
ħĽȻ깤ˣħĺȴҪַԼ
ַóƽ𣬿ʼںϣ̣ͣƬ̹һƽԲܾϣҪħ岼ãĻƽԲܻҪٸ֮ࡣ
ħʿַ֮ʵüҲַͬƽԲܵٶȣ屶ࡣ
Сʱַ֮߾һСƽԲܡ
ȥͼ˳Թַ͵͵صңƽԲܵ
ƽԲһɣħҲһ콨ɣħػַܷĵԼ顣
ڶ죬ַڵƻƽԲܣͻȻһ㶣ͨӦַ磬ʧٵ׼Ҹ֣Ϣˡ
׼Ϊ˶Ըַ磬Ҳ˿ģеλ˳
԰׼һõ鱨ַΪһAߣ쾳֣㹻Ըַˡ
ɲַ֣ϾҲǹĳԱҪɱַҲֻܱ֣ԲĿŵֻɳˣԶ˵ĶĿ
˷ֱа־塢־棬־ǰ׽µһе쾳Ϊرǰ־Ѿǵ쾳ΪһѾ쾳磬Ϊߡ
־Ƿɱַ磬Ҳַ֪飬ȻѴ·ǸеСģǱСĵģ԰־٣͵͵ĳУַϼҶ
Ҳֻ֪ȥȴ޷ҵټԭ
˽ƽеʱͲһˡ
ƽصĳУس̶Ҳвȵģ־ͨٹ·ƽеʱѾƽеļɨǵӰ̾ͱ֪ǵķλ
ִᣬͷҪȫԼ٣һѵ飬ɽĻһ㡣
ã֪λУַĵģصĵˣȻѾ֪˵٣飬Ҳͺðˡ

磬쵽ͷˣǲ׼һ£İ־濪˵
־ֵ˵ҿͲ˰ɣһëͷСӣκһ˶ʤֶѵò
־⻰˵Ŀˣ˵ΪټϽʮĹѵԸһʮСӣ
Ȼ˵ԸҲһAߣǶԷϾ̫ˣʱͬʱҲǶ̴Ϊᣬͬ˾ʵĲ㣬Ǵ￴ַߡ
־Ƶ˵Ҳô˵Էɱ˽ʦֶ˵ӵģСΪϣܲ﷭
˵ǿ־ɫСĽģ˵˵񫣬Ҳûаַϡ
İɣǶԸһëͷСӣ̫ˣֵ־Ϊ˵
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ڼӥ־ͬʱһֻ˶֩룬Ҳ泯Ű־ɿ˹ȥ
֩ħʿٻħϵٻޣȻԪٻûħʿôǿǶڵ켶˵֩ҲһֲֿĴڡ
֩˶ףվ߳һ壬һֻȻ·һֻСγһ㡣
֩˶󣬵ܶȴǿޱȣ־һأ֩ͿǰǰһԴצӣ·һ㣬Ű־ն䡣
־һΪ֣־ķӦҲǳ֮죬һأӲں֮䣬㿪֩צһˢһһͳС
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־ʮ꣬νһǳɣһѾ֩Դϡ
һעǿһְҲһ֩Ȼǿ󣬿Ҳֵסһ̱֮һԴ
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ͨ۲սַ̣ڹߵսʽ˸ֱ۵ӡԺϹߣҲаա
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277 ˮ
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ѰͬɸӦˮƳɣֻձѰ⾵Ҫߣʹ÷ΧСΪֻʹڷʦϡ
ַѰǵָĳΪ֣ʵʹܡ
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278 ħʿ
ˣƸԭԽְҵȼ֤ˡ
ַ鲻ԷԱЦЦöң÷ԱЦ˻öң깤ˣܲ
صڵħʦЭᣬַߵ̨Ҫְҵȼ֤
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½ȱϵǴʦеһӡ
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ãããԵȣ̾ȥšϴסˣַһŶȥɿûӰ


279 һ
ȥһħʦдַ磬ҽĬ
Ƭ̺˵ĽŲ𣬸Ѿȥ
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˹ħʿһ׷ԲԵħʦħʿԵ࣬һλ˧塣
ʵϣħʿͺͰ˹ħʿ޼ֻħʿעòıΪõԿȥ겻ģ
ַȴ֪λħʿͣٶһһʮ꣬˹ħʿ͸һЩѾһʮꡣ
ħΪԽߣҲԽټϸҩʹãһħʿһٶǳɣħʿͨǿԻһʮҵģħʦ
ǸΪ̵ģֻܻʮ꣬ȫ޷;鰫˵ȣҪ֪Ͱ˶ɾǻǧġ
ΪܵϵƣֵҲ̫ħʿøҩˮҲֻܰӳٵһʮ꣬ħʦøһЩֻõħʦҲû
ħ棬ȴ伫޵ģսᣬ˭Ҳ޷⣬ħʦҲˡ
ȻΪ˻øãħʦһֱǲиĽŬħĵ̶ܴϣΪŴħʦŲħ
Ȼħа񣬵ǲɷϣħȷһ÷ʦǻãǾǰԼһԱ
ʧȥѪ⣬ȴһջֻĳɹ̫ˣʼħʦ磬һתΪʵ½һ룬ǻ㲻ֻ꣬ҪĻϻǽ㲻ܾջ
ͬʱƻ̫ˣҲл˵Уκ˶ɱȻܲɱǾһˡ
ַλħʿѺõĵͷַ̫ˣᵽ˷ָĳ̶ȣΪһħʿĳɾͣ޿λħʿȻ֪еĹؼԶֳַ˷ǳѺõһ档
ħʦĽ൱ģǿְҵߣΪֻħǿְҵǰħʦ൱԰ַΪҲħʦһԱԻûʦǽģ
Ļ߸ϵħʿͲ㡣
Ե֮ǰͬС죬еĲĿַ綼˳ͨƬ̺λħʿȻĹϲַΪħʿһԱ
ʵϣλħʿ˿Ѿ˺Ȼҵ찡ʮħʿǧ겻ĳţʷеＯʮħʿҲڰڡ
Ȼʷָһڣһǰʷ̫̫࣬߱ɱԣһǰֻǴ͵ĽɫҲûʲôĵ
ܹڰ֮У̶ַҲǿ֪ˡ
˸֪ûַַѾΪһš
ȻƺڻȫַϲûעַĳǱˣôȻˡ
λħʿеϣϣַǱˣĹܹôһţδҪ
λħʿһۣ˱˴뷨ţڡ
곤һЩİ˹ħʿЦſ˵ַħʿ̳ܽŵӵĵʦһһǳ˲ħʦ֪˭𣿡
ҵĵʦǵħʦһλʿλû˵ʦַ֡纬Ц˵
ԭǿʿǾѹˡ˹ħʿͷһ˿Ȼ
ÿ˵׷󶼲һЩħʦ׷ٻ׷ϵȵܣЩħʦȴ׷ħİأ׷ߵħ磬׷߾ħʦܵӵ˼ĵһһħ˱֮Ϊʿ
ʿһ׷ħ߾磬ԣȴӵгʵһʿ̵һŵӣ˵Ǻ
ȻǿʿЩħңôͻл¶Է˹ħʿЦŵͷ˵ַħʿ֪ˣʲô㡣
ַЦʵϣҲ֪ҾˣӤʱڱҵʦģҵʦ˵ҵĵطڶǣҵĹܿǶǣֻϧȥǲ鿴ȴûҸĸϢⱲӣҲԼľˡ
ȻҲȻڶǱʦҵҲͰѶǵҵĹ磬ѾڶأԺڶǶӡ
ǡǸСط˹ħʿúûһ£ġ
˹ħʿˣǾʡһСǣֻħʦ򣬾سǣ·̡
ððھͺãһʡ֮ڣǾٺòˣҪַħʿʡ
һʡסʡħʦ⣬ʡֻħʿκһʡܹһħʿʹʡʵ˹ħʿܹء
ڻܸ˵̫磬Ϊַħʿֻ˵пڶǶӣڻ᲻ڶǶӣ᲻ʡڻδ֪
УħʿһҪħʿͷûɢȥû֮ǰһҪ綩¡
˹ħʿٵĻһ£ϲ˵û뵽ԭַħʿǶˣôǾԼˡ
ô˵ַЦŵͷҪıЧ
˹ħʿЦŵͷˬ˵ַħʿȻҶԼˣ˵ҲͲˣôʡɣʡȻСطǱеĶȫҲУʡԴΪַħʿṩʲôҪĻҲܷĵ
ħʿͬҲǵ˵ͷЦ˵ǰҶԼˣʲôԷſ˵ʲôҪ󶼿ģǾ㡣
ʵַʮħʿ̫ˣǰ;Ǳ̫ˣЩħʿǳɾַ֪Ҫԣ֪ʡδҪԣֻҪǳۣһҪַ


280 ᳤
˹ħʿǻۣûйĨǣʵֱ˵Լ뷨Ŀ˵˳һּΪˬĸо
ֳַһĨԾɫƺ˹ħʿĻ𾪵ˣֳһЦֲЦģַץץԴЩΪѵ˵᲻᲻˼
ֵַһĿ޷ʦϲ뼴õĴɬĲţֱð˹һúúã̫ˣʡҪһˡ
˹ħʿ̴Цúúãô˵ˣַħʿİɣʡģκҪ󶼿ԸǼϼһûУǶʣȴԲĵġ
ħʿҲһЦ˵ַħʿǴسʡǣҲʡĳУڳƷƷڴسǶıڴسǾõѡ񡣡
˹ħʿҲЦ˵ȻܹΪΪһħʦǵҲҪʣسȻıԣסڴسǣõѡ񡣡
˶٣˹ħʿ˵ַħʿ㻹ûסɣţڴسǻмӣַħʿѡһ
ǾͶл˹ħʿˡַһԥϲĴӦ
ַץץͷԥ˵ʵϣҵĵʦ̵ң̰ͼ˵ƷѾΥʦĽ̵ˣڵȷȱٽң׬ǮһỹһǮݵķá
˹ħʿЦ̫ˣʦĽ̵ûдֻѼ룬ڴУԷĵⶰӣħʿ˵ֻһССֵһᡣ
ħʿĵλͲƸͳһӵȷǲֵһᡣ
ַ룬˵ǾͶлˣѾϰ˿޵ӣҿ²ڴسǾסڶһ˽أһỨ飬ס˽
ܼ򵥣ȫû⣬ΪħʦҪ飬Ϊȣ鶼뿿վ˹ħʿ΢΢һЦ˵ַħʿҵҲһϣַħʿܹӦ
˵ɡ
˹ħʿͷ˵ģʮħʿ̫ˣʧһɢȥ½ĺ䶯Ľ˵ɲʲô飬ĳЩرصϼһɱҡ飬֮ǰʷϣûзġ
ΪַħʿİȫǣǿˣһСֶΣ磬ټʮꡣ
һܼ򵥵СֶΣʮ꣬ͱʮ꣬һʮħʿȻ֮Уӳʮ֮֮ͲԵôˣҲ̫˵ע⡣
ڸ۹֮Уʮ߰ħʿȻɾˣϡ٣ǺͶʮħʿȣʮħʿ˽ܡ
һܼ򵥵СֶΣȴҲһĺ⡣
ַһ⣬ˣʮħʿ̫ˣĺ䶯޷š
ַվŰ˹ħʿһϹϿҵ˵ҵЩ˹ħʿָ㡣
ַЦʵϣҳʱ򣬲һħʦԼҲ벻ڶʱڽħʿ磬˳ĸ֤⵹ҵˡ
˹ħʿϲĵͷַ粻֪أҪԼʵ乫֮ڣʮħʿԻȫ½ĺ䶯ͬʱҲǴԼĺûᣬûжֵܹջ󣬻ãַħʿ֪أð˹ħʿϲͷ
ַüͷַ˵֮ǰϢѾ¼Ϊʮˣ˵ģ
˹ħʿŵЦַħʿ֪ħʦЭȻǴ½һ壬ڸķֻǸԹһճϽܻᣬֻڷֻдֻشϢŻϽܲһ½ħʿϣҪϽܲˡ
ַħʿ֮ǰֻ֤ʽħʦʸȻʡħʦЭڱ棬ֻеȷħʿݣܰϴܲ
ܴɣʡħʦЭǼϼһڹģϴ֮ܲǰǵȨޣһǺɵ飬ַħʿ㲢Ϊ˶ġ
ԭҾͷˡַƺһ
˹ħʿٴ˵ַħʿҲõԼ޷⣬ʵϣֻҪַħʿΪħʦȥܲħʦʸʱ򣬻ٴμʱٹʵ䣬Ի˵ĿʱַħʿѾΪħʦҲصԼΪԼΣգʱ򲻽Σգ޾ĺô
ʮΪħʿôڶΪħʦʮ껹ʮ꣬ٺ٣һڴ鰡
ַȴҡҡͷЦ˵ħʦǾ̫ңԶˣȻһĻԽħʦħʦĽ̫ĲԤ֪أлԽħʦûҽħʦѾˣ˭˵׼ء
һ뵽ħʦѣ˹ħʿҲſЦǰħʦĽʵ̫ˣʮλħʿħʦȴֻһλɼħʦĽжѡ
˵ˣЩ۹Ҳжħʦǵ³۹ҲӵħʦѾΪ½ǿ۹ˡ
´ַģ˹ħʿЦ˵˽ħʦȻǧѣҲǣַħʿȴͱ˲һҶ㽫ĳɾͣųġ
ʮħʿ˵Уħʦļ൱ĸߣ˰˹ħʿŻַġ
˶٣˹ħʿЦ˵ַħʿȻħʦЭְ֤ҵȼǻûʽħʦЭɣҪҪڼ룬ڼĻʡħʦЭ᳤ֻȨޣΪ᳤᳤ֻùи᳤Ȩ棬Ȩޡ
˵ʵҪȨ޲Ҷ԰Լ᳤ְλøˣ᳤ֻֻܲΪ᳤ֻƼȨٹʮ꣬ҵھˣʱҿƼ㵱ʡħʦЭķ᳤ֻ
ַȻû⻰棬˵˹ħʿ˵ЦˣԸŬΪħʦڳΪħʦ֮ǰҲ뱻̫鵢ˣɰ˹ħʿ쵼ħʦЭʲˡ
Ҳԣ᳤ͷΣַħʿɲƴˡ˹ħʿͷЦ
⡭ðɣ᳤Ĳʲô𣿡ַ絣ĵʵ
ʵħʦЭְܣַʹʳֻǿԼԹһ£ûȤѡ
˹ħʿЦ˵᳤ֻȨ棬ûйַħʿĺˣᵢġ
⻰˵ĿʲôûйʵûйȨ᳤ֻΣֻҲߵͷΣӵȴûʵȨ
˹ħʿһ仰û˵᳤ӵкܴȨ棬ҲħʦЭĸȨȻûУȴˡ
Ȼ⣬вʵݵģ᳤Ȩ棬ħʦЭڣԶòԴ


281 ۸Ӧˮ
ϳɾ𿴰˹ħʿ˵ĺܣʵϺһֻƣַֻһ᳤ΣȰַסȻٰеַĳȷû⣬ŻῪʼ£
νĲӲӥˡ
ַֻһȴȫνģʹʲôôûУַҲʡ˭ʱء
ȻַҲΪԼ£ҵɣĻһħʿȴƧԻ˵ע⡣
ڼ˵ʱַħʿѾȫɴħʦ͹ģַ䣬ҲѾϣӶʮ걻ĳʮꡣ
һת۾ʹʮˡ
Ϊħʿַ֮µĻºħʦۣµĳɰɫΪףɫΪߣɫΪƾƶɣȻûħԣǴϾݵȻһϵķۣ֪һħʿ
ΪħʿķǰɫΪףҲ˽֮Ϊ۴ʦ
˴ħʿĻ֮⣬ַ绹һö᳤Ļ£ֻҪ´ؿڣ˾֪ħʦЭ᳤᳤ֻΣͷǺãӵкܸߵرڹ֮УԭͶħʦǳ𾴣ټħЭ᳤Իܴ档
ַҲ飬ͷǳϲĻ÷ۣû£̾ʹһͨħʦһ𾴵ħʿ
÷ۺַ˵˹ħʿħƷĻȥʲôطʡ
ħʦЭԼħ̵ַ꣬Ҳ֪ȥｻˣַȴǹҪô˵ġ
˹ħʿЦħʦЭԼħ̵꣬ҪʲôƷȥħ̵ˣǵ᳤ŻۿۣԿģˣַħʿǴۣǹ򣿡
ַ˵ģλħʿҲˣҲŽħʿ磬һܵװûУ㹺򼸼õװֻҵĽҲˣһһӦˮһӦˮħƷ
˹ħʿӦˮ֣۾һӦˮ;㷺ȴǳϡ٣ֻǴسҲǿӦˮĳ۵ġ
뵽˹ħʿͷ˵ӦˮֻħʦЭչģҲô鷳ˣϼһͬҲԸӦˮȤַħʿĻͰѸӦˮǰɡ
ַЦ⵱Ȼû⡣
ַƣ̶һӦˮӦˮͷǲСȭͷôˡ
ôһ飡˹ħʿ۾ֱˣôһĸӦˮǵһο
ԱߵħʿҲ۾ԲŵĿַĵĸӦˮ
Ӧˮ;㷺٣һַǳĸ߽ϣͨһСڸӦˮҵĸ߼ۣһ£ֵĸӦˮҲָֻͷôһ飬ȭͷôĸӦˮû
˵ıַ֣΢΢һЦ˵Ӧˮҵʦǰҵģһ֣ʣµòˣȴǮãóˡ
Ȼˡַ˽ͣ˹ħʿ˰ͷڸӦˮҲͲپ档
˷ųڸӦˮɨһ£ȷǸӦˮҷᣬгۣӦˮټֵʮҡ
˹ħʿĬĬ¼۸˵Ӧˮҳʮңַħʿô
ʮҵļ۸ҲǺг۳ƽַҪǰг۳۵ĻʵַǳԿģΪһ£ӦˮֲϣôĸӦˮֻܳڸ߶˵ϣκζϣ۸񶼻òһֵʮĸӦˮϾԻʮʮۡ
˵г۳Ӧַ磬ַԳԿˡ
ַȴһͷν˵УȻļ۸һЩ̫鷳ˣǰհ˹ħʿ˵İɡ
ַҲ֪ԼҲһ顣
ʵϣö˶˵ģַΪʲôҪóӦˮۣһȻΪַȱǮȴҲַһ顣
νѶ·ʵǿĵͷߣǺбҪнύģҲǽһϵɡ
ַ˵˹ħʿϲ˵úãлַħʿˣʮҵеҪȥȡһ£Եȡ
õġַͷ
ʮңǵһʺܾ˵ĲƸˣ˹ħʿҲûôֽ𣬱˵ϴһգܴճʽңǵַ棬ǲ˼ôֻܽȡǮߵ⣬óչĽ
Ƭ̺˻ֵַʮҵĽַ羫һɨȷ˫һʽס
˹ħʿ˶һʽҲǼΪģ֮ǰѾйһЩӦˮӦˮ˵ûʵʵôǸӦˮֻôĸӦˮһ˵ǻЩ۹Ĵȥܹ̾һüǮ˴п»ư
һ֮󣬰˹ħʿ˿ַĿʱԽֶ̣涼еͨġ
˹ħʿӦˮ˵ַħʿ㻹ҪʲôƷԺ˵˵ϾС
Ϊħʿ϶ŴָȻǵĴָռǳޣҲһЩƷġ
ַ룬ԼҪĶ˵һ顣
ϹȻźöַҪļУϾУҲûռַıˣг۽ϳ۸ַ磬һתֵۣʮҵĽֻصС
ЩҲǰװ˷ѵģַҲһԼҪĲϡ
ħʦǮħʦǮĵطҲر࣬ԶڷʦԣǮԶ
ΪħʿǵǳæµҪΪ˼ַǷħʿǶ֣ѾȷַݣȻҲûٴȥıҪַ˵һỰ֮λħʿ͸뿪ˡ
ַ·뿪
߳ʱַһ㶣ȻſλӦά
άƺַһֳۣһĨݣ̹˵᳤ˣϷʦڴ˵ȺʲôҪ뾡ܷԸ
ˣʲôҪһֱȥġַҡҡͷ
άС˵ģڴسǣ²ϤĴˣڴسǵһһľǳϤϣҵССسܹΪ񣬶ˣ᳤͸ķӣڶ֣֪Ƿģҿȥ
ַԭܾģֻתһ룬ԼԴسǵȷϤάڣӦҲ᷽ࡣ
뵽ַͷ˵Ҫȥħ̵깺Ʒ


282 ë֩롢˫
ҵ찡ħʿ
ַһȾ˵עһ˫˫۾˼Ķסַ硣
ħʿ߸ϣͨ˺ܹӴħʿǷʦЭħʦƽʱҲǼħʿ
ܹۿһħʿһ˽Ķңǰħʦʵ̫ˣôħʿڳ˵עЩƽسޱȵħʦǣʱҲȵĿַ硣
ħʿħʿ
Ǽٵİɣ
Դ˰ɣħʦЭᣬ˵˸ħʦЭðħʿ𣿡
λħʿ˭ĺܣô֮ǰδ
½ħʦҸղſʱһħʦڴ¥ͳħʿӦ½ġ
̫ˣôͳΪħʿˡ
òħʿɣ
ֹҿڹ½¶ħʿ
УһҪ˭һҪύС
ԶԣһҪϸˣֵýύ
˿ַĿź澴ηĽǺַ֪ύַĴǶ֪֮˭ҲóȻǰȥַ硣
ά΢΢ַĲǰı鱰΢дһ㽾ܹΪħʿ·һɵĸо
ħ̵꣬άСĵʵ᳤£ǵħ̵һΪ¥һ¥۹̨¥ǹᣬȥ¥Ĺ𣿡
ȥ¥ɡַҪĶͦģҲͬˣȥһЩ
άǰ·˺ܿ¥һ¥ǰ·˴һᡣ
Ϊַãû˾õȣһħʦ˹
᳤õˡħʦǺһЦҽܵҽа¿ħ̵֮һΪ񡣡
£ĿħѧͽҲ㹻ˣһħʿ٣һ᳤ͷΣҪһħʦдˡ
ַ΢΢һЦº͵˵ɡ
ллַ̬ð¿һ֮󣬹ʵ᳤ˣҪʲôƷ뾡ܸ˵ɣǷֻûеƷҲԽԤġ
ţҪһЩϣ㿴ǷȫַԼҪĲ϶˳ЩϺЩϾͺͨǲϵȴԾˡ
¿ļãַ˵һȫסеĲϣȻĬĬ˼һ£˵õģҪĲϣ󲿷ֶУһЩϵ;Ƚխ²࣬ҪɹĻԽԤ
ԣͰҸղ˵ĽԤ
õģֻھͿߣԤĻҪһº󣬲˴
ţһҪǮַʵ
һǶʮǧ߰ʮöңʮöҿֱĨȥǵ᳤Դۣʮһǧ١¿ɿľͰѼ۸˳
¿Ѽ۸Լһüһλ᳤湻Ǯģһγ־ǶʮҰ
ַ絹Ҳû뵽᳤д۵Ȩһۿ۴ɾʡ˺üĽң̫ˡ
ַĵͷ˵ߵϣҲԽԤ𣿡
νĸߵָܹƸ߼ħװϣַ۵һӦˮڸߵ֮һ
ߵϡ٣Ǽ۸񰺹󣬶һĵطǮҲ򲻵ߵϡ
سǣ򲻵ߵϣҪΪسֻħʿߵϣҲҪﵽħʿŻῪʼʹãڴسǣߵֻλħʿ󣬻û˻õ۵ģԴسǵħʦЭħ̵꣬ûиߵϳۡ
ַҲûָֻܹԤͲˡ
¿˵˵һ£ҪЩһĸߵȲϣҲԴΪ䣬̫ĸߵȲǾû취ˣ˵ŪֻûֱĲϽаȫ䡣
ߵȲ϶ʮңӵĿ⣬»û˵سǣѾڰ·ϱ˴ˣ̫ĲϣҲ޷䡣
˵޷ˣҲǲˡ
ַһüͷʵô᳤Ҫϵʱʱ򣬶ôģ
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׼óýԱҲϲ
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ʮչʮҪƣмʮ룬˵ʮˣһ룬Ҳ㹻Էɱˡ
һĶͷգֻ֪ʦӵйǲ֪ʦĹҪʱչŵΣյľ档
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վڴ¥ڣڰīңңķ
ӲӲĹԷǿƶԷöԷԼ
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ڰīУǰ΢΢һЦҲ˵ô̫ɡಽĻһ統ŵʱ
ţԣùīȴͻȻ䣬Ȼŭ


287 
ţԣùīȻŭѾˣԼֿŰģôܻųԼǰһǱ˼ٰģùȻҼٰ١
ǰҲͬʱȻһ䣬ٵϿʼһµ⣬һ¶˵µɭɭ׹ǣ׹ϻڲ
ɲǻþĻ
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īһŵĵԭΪǱ˼ٰģ뵽ôһ
ѵѵٵĹꣿīôһͣƽܶ£ǹҲǼʶģī֪ĳЩ£֮ǻɹģٱһ£ŻὫŽɡ
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ڣشð̣Ǳ˵ĺ
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ַĳ֣˶һرַĸĸǲַַ֪İοǳģڿַ֣Ȼһ
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ַǰڴسʱյ꣬Կƶ
ʱյİõص㣬ǰ˹ħʿ͸ַı
˹ħʿ͸ַķ൱һ԰Ĵ¥ʮ䷿ס°ٰʮˣڴسǣıۼǧңһһеط
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ʱյλþַңһŲַʹĳڣ˴سǱ


288 ǿʦ
ַµƷѾ½ЩͷˣҲ˱ĺԺ
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ǵַ֪һ룬ߴѾֻֻ׺ںĴ䣬кͰ׺û䣬ѾϵȽ׼ΪеȲ䣬Ҳĵĸذᵽ˿Χ
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Ǹ˫У̶ʧصʱƫƫ˲ūţЩҲץġ
ַһʵ˵̶ӱūץˣ֮⣬ʲô˱ץס
İޱСܼҶץסˣеţͷ廤һЩ˿ȸŮ

ַ簵һȻץ˺ŮѹЩūŵ˼ԼûץûɫκһūץŮ¶ġ
ŮòǳŮŮŮĴˡ
Ĵ֮еۼ۷ǳ߰κһˣٶöֶۣɫģ۸񻹻á
Ȼۼ۸߰ҪץһҲǳѣЩŮ϶ܵǲرǲܱץġ
Ȼκ鶼һ飬Ϊ˸߶Ľңյֲÿ۵Ůٶǰϡ
һŮţͷ廤н˿ȸŮ⼸˼һһ˵Щ۹ʮҵĸ߼ۣǲܵģֻҪһƱūŵгԱͶ԰ˡ
ϧЩһ̫̰ˣȻҲŹַע⡣
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ַҲƣǲūҲû˶Щ򽻵ļһﶼ͸Ҫ˵ˣԲūŲ˼ɵĳˣ˿º屻ץסܱ¶ȥ
ʵϣûдϢԷصģַҲԲ׵ķŹǣ϶ǻǵĵϸġ
ȻѾ֪ǵĵϸôʣµ飬Ҳͺðˡ
ҹַһūг͵͵ڲūŵ°װһöӸֵӲƷڹ½δֹǲܱ˷ֵģ㱻ˣԷҲ֪ʲô
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ַͷԺҪŪ߿ƼƷЩƷڵϻûôĹãһ˹½ǿɾȫһˡ
ѵӸúúַѽɭ˹ҰѵӸ豸ʾʹ÷ýɭ֧ūš
ӸһЧΧԷҪܳΧʧȥЧˣԱҪɽɭں氵٣ַԼڽɭʩһӡǣӶ֪ɭķλ
ϾǴسǣַ粻ö֣ԲŻᰵ٣ȵԶسǣַź֡
һеĲַ֮ͨŲٴλص˵ϡ
ַѾᵽ˴Ų֮ʵ̫ˣ˲ƶҲûŲôٹľ룬˲һأʵ̫ˬ
˴Ųַ֧֣֮󲻹ʲô飬᷽࣬ر֮Ҫչó׻ǻϵı
ȻΪó׵İȫչͳ־÷չİȫҲǼΪҪģԷʦĹҲԵüΪҪ
ַڴسѾ㹻ĲϣһοƷʦӵиǿĹ
ַóϣʼģħ
ħһֺħװܹԷʦʩΧá
ħַһʱСʱ
ÿһħɻƽ϶ֽƶɣ滹˲ħϣǲϵķãŻһȺˣҲٲ϶ǾڵŪġ
ħַһͼڵģͼצ裬ν֮ͼڡ
ͼâǵķʽڷʦΧʹ÷ʦ÷Χһ


289 ڶʦ
ͼڰϣַ翪ʼԷʦǿڷʦ°װ˲ٶʹ÷ʦЧһΡ
ԭʦʩΧǰ뾶ڣ֮ʩΧﵽ˰뾶ףټͼڵЧʩ뾶Ѿﵽ˺˵һǧס
ʩΧȥˣʦĹͷҲһ̨ף´ֵĹɾͲôױˡ
ǿַ絹ǲأŷõĹõķڹʽϣ˴󹦷
ԭĹ󣬱ַ޸ģûӣˣչʱ٣ѸݣҪǣ޸ĺӵмǿԣеڶʱڻ޷
λã˸ҪòɱУԶԷǣΪµĸ֣ĹȻǳǿײɱһˣԶ˵޹ؽҪ
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ħװܹշʦӶһߣֻĴָ֣ߵȴԵױȡ
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ħʦ磬ħ̬֮˵Ҳ˵ħǷ̬ġ
ν̬ħǲħԪذ־ɸ̬Ӷ˵С
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ַħ⻹ڷǳǳĽ׶Σ̬ħ޷򣬻ħ˸޷ʩչֻǽʦħװ棬ܼߡ
ӵмߵ¶Ⱥʹ͸رĴ͸ƿֲַԼչħҲûаյֵߵĹ
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ַʩʯΪɰƯȻԶᣬַĿ»ΪһǽڣȻ󶳽һʯ
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ַ罫Ǳ˵ǰ;ޣַħʦ˭ӵгֽύ
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ַסԿԿѾϴ裬ϴ˯£ɢһɵζַϲζĸо
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ַȴͣ˫ֲϵԿ촽Ѿס˿Ķ
ַ纬˵õģҵķӾ⴦Чܺõģġ

ԿһȴַһѽԿŴȥ


290 ҹɱ¾
ڶһ磬ַˬļԿΪ̫ƣſſڱ˯ء
ǰһľ飬ڶĽչҪӵĿ࣬Ʒʦ޽ĳˡ
ѰɽõλöռˣԳסǧˣһⶼûеġ
֮⣬ڳǣˣһ𣬾γһǳء
ǳؽ֮лļɢء
ãַʹһδŲƵسǣһι֧ūѾɭ͵͵ĸں
ַӦһ£֪˽ɭķλ֮󣬰ѳë֩˳
ë֩ٶȻȲϷ˫𣬵֩ڵУշе˫Ҫַ࣬ѡë֩롣
ë֩ıϰźһֻ棬
ַϣý߳ë֩룬ë֩ӵв̣ټϳڵѱַ̾ͼſצӣٵĳǰȥ
ë֩ķʽҲرðֻצӵצڵٵ㶯ÿһ£֩Ϳǰֿ죬ֻһ΢΢ĸо
Һȣë֩ٶȸ죬ܹʹøֵΣͷѶʡˡ
Ȼë֩ȻͣҲҪĵģë֩ƽʱҪһЩʳҪڵĸħ˻ħιֳܱë֩ĳû
Ȼɭַǰ˰ʱ䣬ǵĳë֩ٶҪȽɭĽˣСʱë֩׷˽ɭ
ˡɭַ׷̹ĽеֻĿȴ̲סķŵ˳ë֩ϡ
ַЦЦµĳë֩룬˵ôϲⶫ
šɭ˼ЦЦǵ˵ͷ
ãϣԼȥ۸񲻳ǧҾͿˡַЦҲǶԽɭһν
ɭһǳжֽ֪֪֮׶ʲôԼҪ˵ˣħ̫ˣڵʵòôõѾ㹻ʹõˡ
ħ͵QQܳܳ϶QQãQQΪߣȴҲ㹻ʹãûǮ£ܳQQʵá
ַ簵ͷûбͷԣеĽǲٵģַ˵ҲãҵĳŵЧǮΪԼðһװװҲûˣΪҵ׷ߣʹõװɲʸ񰡡
ǣллˡɭϲ˵һȴûоܾˡ
ǧң㹻ȫµװһ
أģַʵ
ɭѽ˳ָĹ˵ǻʮԶģ
ߣǿȥ
ɽϣַó߱Զ²t
ڸ߱Զļӳ£ԷʱһĿȻ
һ֧ūӣһ˵Ĺģ˶нﻹʮǰٶȲ̫
ȻԷ࣬ǳ˶ʮ⣬˶սĺ֣εĶͭսʿʮսʿڻƽսʿûг֡
ƽսʿѾ൱ߵλף൱ħʦеħʿԻƽսʿﶼһϯ֮أòȥֵūӡ
Ȼûи߽սĴڣֻūŵʵҲѾ൱ˣһ治ǡ
ЩūȻ˳׼ǵħӳֹ͸ۺ;ЩЧ﾿ʲô
ڱεֶΣڹ½ܳϼʮҾͿ˻жôϡ棬Ҳ˵ע⡣
ַ̧ͷɫڵĵ룬̫ѾɽƣٹһСʱҪˣ֮ٶ֣ȻһЩ
һСʱɫذūһϪ߲Ӫʣ׼ҹ
ˣʱ䵽ˡɭַ罻ֱָѾӵλá
ˣַ˸Ƿ۾ӵ
ǵˡ
ַͷԼһˮԼѡ
ˣʱ䵽ˣԸɻˡ
ūŵľԷǳߣҲ԰ȫĵҲʮ֣ҹ
ַûжԸҹԱʵҲöԸڶԷѵ£ҪϢɱǣɲ׵顣
ַΧһȦѶԷӪصһ˲ƶǱԷӪء
ַһѾһڣ񲻴ȴ߰˸ˣﶼǳζ
ַϢû˷ַĵ
ַָ̧һ˵Ķͷȥָ̹һһ׶ķ׶˲˶ԷĶͷڶͷһָͷѪ
Ҫ٣ԱƻԷ˲
׶ȻǵͼħħʿʹãȻǱټ϶ԷûзûչзȻǵֵס׶Ĺ
ַ編ƣ˵ȣҲһһɱ
޻ڣַһȥһ
תۼ䣬ִַӵڶȥ˵񣬶ַȥѾһˡ
ַ簵ҹе飬Ĵɱ¾
Ƭ̺ѾַˣһˣַС
ַóѰ⾵ٴӪɨһ飬ȷЩֵķλ
ȻѰ⾵ãʹþױַʹѰ⾵ϢĻӪصԱֲͼ
ַɱ¾ǴӵͲԱʼģӪǼλսʿַ׼ɱ
սʿͭսʿҪǿַ࣬粻ȷԼܷ͵Ϯɹɱͭɱаա
ַжһֱǳСģȵͭսʿɱ⣬Ҳû˵ע⡣
ھʣˣսʿĴȽϺã߰˸˼һ˾ͷֵһ
ַԽСĽ񣬲ȥг˯İսʿɨһȦеķλһ˲ƣС
˲ƽַ羲Ŀɨһۣں˯ָ̧׶һһɱ
ַ簵ͷսʿȻͭսǿ󣬿ǿĵطڶΪϣսǿַ࣬͵Ϯսʿͭսʿû̫
һϣսʿͱȲսʿˣܵİսʿսʿĶǿ壬˯ʱǿҲΪṩʵı
Ʒ׶ֵͼħսʿǿͷӲ˶ЧˣǳŶԷ˯͵ϮЧҲò˶١
Ƚ֮£սʿ͵Ϯģ˯֮ʧȥ˶ıһͷǿ˶٣׾ͱ͵Ϯɹ
ȻΪսʿҲԽԽǿرǵ˽ʥ֮󣬶ʱ䣬˯ʱ򣬶ҲԶ壬޷͵Ϯ
ڰսʿ˵˯ʱǵĶͳõ͵Ϯ
һϣȲأڼҸ˯ʱҲתȫԼ
ɵĶȣӵиԡ
ȱʧԣȴӵиǿƻͷԣԣҲǶܹġ
˵ɵôСͯˡ
ַɱսʿһ˲֮󣬵һָֽ׼еİսʿ
һ£££ˣȫ
һˡ
һסսʿʱַѾȫķηĵ׶֮İսʿȫ


291 Ů
ⳡ͵ϮƼ򵥣ʵȴɣħʿȻܹɱڳˣҪ͵ϮȴҲ׵顣
Ϊȱһżܣ˲ƶ
ǿ˲ƶĳǿַ͵Ϯɹ
˯սʿɱ⣬ַ翪ʼʣµҹԱ
µҹԱͭսʿΧڻһ˵ŻһߺСơ
ΪѾ򣬶һΰҲ൱ĺãǽ䱸Ե൱ǳ
ַûΣôֱĴ˳
ΪֱַӴ߳ģҹԱȻַ磬һʱҲûзӦȴǰַ統Լˡ
ַԽԽĻѾַӣһҹԱŴһĽ
˵ĴУҹԱվͬʱеҲ˳
ֳֻԵֹ죬ҹսʿվ⣬Ӫɼžû˿
ô£
ôû
óˡ
ǵͬ鶼ͨˣεҲͭսʿκһ紵ݶӦûǾѹڿȴ޶Ȼͬ鶼ˡ
ַûκηϻпʼۼħ
ħʦ죬ɱ
ħʦǿԶǽսڳ˶֪һ£ȥɱַ硣
Ǻܿϧ̫ˡ
˫ȼ̫󣬲ܻǰɱȴǵĶֻ·һ
ħʿǿѾܹѵġ
ħʿַ֮ʩչħڿԴﵽǿЧܹħ֮ǰӳ׵ķΧĻ޹ؽҪ
ַ粢ûаЩͭսҲûļ㹥룬ַ翪ʼʩʱ˫ľ벻ᳬʮףʮ׵ľ룬ͭսʿԣҲգ۾͵ġ
ǵķӦʼһǳ嵽ַǰַħܣѾſˡ
һɫĹַ֣İϵħܡ
ϵħܣҲǸħУӵǿ
嵽ǰūǣ˸Ÿɫâлַ硣
ͭսʿָĲǵĶɫǵĶָ̬ǵĶΪɫɶԾġ
أ
أ
أ
ַǰħϣȻūɵˡ
ǵĹκβħܣħ˿Ȼ˽ǰȴǰĵˣΪ
ūȫɵˣѹǰħʦͲܹԸģܹ߾ͲˣȻŶԸⲻ
ڳ˭ɵϣֻʱ򶼻ˣ˭һɢȻתܡ
ַûкǿϰߣеħԽԽһʮַбϵħֲ
һƬҽܵūӣһֲУȫ
ַҡҡͷ˫ʵλ׵ʱսʤúͼֲʵĲࡣ
ַ翪ʼɨսеʬƷ봢ָȵӪضÿտѾʰɾǰȥ鿴
ϱ˸ֶΣַ粻֪ʲôֻһһ鿴
ַ򿪼涼װ˻ҪƤһЩװŽʯ
ЩƤͽʯزֵƣӦǴ̶֧ġ
ַİĻﶼյ˴ָУЩǺöҪ̫˷ˡ
ڵ棬ַڿ˺ˡ
죬Ȼͱ޲ͬ汻һӣŮԣͱ
ַ򿪳ŽŮԳһ˵һǣֳֵɫ
ַĿ⳯˿ȥһǺ췢ŮһǽŮŮѺ췢Ůַ翴췢Ůģǿ֪ȻǼƯġ
ޱС㣿ַԣ̽ʵ
췢ŮһƿǰĽŮӣʵ˭
Ȼ췢Ůǰޱˡ
ַҲſģһ־޵ĸо̸ַͷַĺΪ֮һ١
ޱòַ޵ģòޱޱ󣬿˵ǲ£ǰޱһֶصʣޱȣһۿȥ˸оǳľޡ
ΪĴŮ֮һ˵òȻױȣҲѹֺܹ߼ˡ
ַһԼƽƽ˵ޱС㣬ڰȫˣɡ
ַ糯һָһдϣƣԶ
ޱ͵͵ľû뵽
˿ȸŮޱ䣬ŵʵСô죬Ҫȥ𣿡
ţûµġޱͷſյС֣߳
ޱַ֪ʲôˣ֪ԼѡõǹԹԵԷָʾ
ַ翴ŰޱȴͻȻüͷޱȻҲ򵥣֮Уֻܲһְҵ˾
ѵޱ˾
˾Ҳ֮Ψһʩְҵߣ֮гߵĵλͬеħʦ
Ӱޱϵĵȼ²ߡ
ַưޱʵҲǷ˾Ǽ˾͵ĵȼ൱еʽħʦ
Ǽ˾ַ絭˵ǴһĨЦ⡣
ޱҧ˵ǵġ
ַͷû˵ʲôҼȥַ缸ϣַ緢ţͷսʿһĺˣλӦþܼˡ
ţͷ˺Ϲܼ󣬶ֳһ벻ͨʲô飬ЩūӾȥˣ
ܼҿޱһ̶ַ˵лĴĴˡ
ܼҲֳ֪ʲô飬Ǵֳ֪ԼӦЩʲôҲһϺ˵֮
ַܼƵЦЦֻ˵Ļȴܼ൱
ַ˵ܼңⶼӦģֻҲϣܹףǽΪҵūϣܹúϣ
Ƥֱ࣬ȻѲū˰
û˵һԵţͷ˾ͷˣŭһַһȭͷ˹
ţͷս壬սʿһѵţͷˣ֮ӵвѷɫڰսʿսеٮٮߣܹﵽƽսʿĳ̶ȡ
ǰţͷţͷһвɫֻӵаսʿսһ˲ᣬַС˵ţͷ˵һȭ㹻ַ
ַͶţͷзһȭͷһ˲ƶʮ׿⣬һ׷˻ȥ


292 ţͷսʿ
ǿߣֻҪǿߣĵ˻ѣܵ𾴡
ţͷеս壬Ķǿ߳ݵ˹Ҳӵ˹
ҪǹԹõķǰǴˡ
ַһ˲ƶʮ׿⣬˲һ״ţͷ˵ϡ
һţͷ˵ؿڱһƬۣţͷ˻һŭһַ׷˹ͬʱҲͬŭһַ׷ȥ
ַüͷƤȻʮʹҪǴˣҪһ㹦
ʮ׵ľ룬գۼţͷ˵Χ˵ţͷˣַҲѡݱܷâ
һ˲ƶַ˰֮⡣
ס֣סܼ֡ʱŷӦţͷæе
ūŶǰŪûˣţͷôǶԷĶ֣ܼҶһ㻹ǿ÷ǳġ
ޱʱҲӦ˹æҪţͷսʿл
ֻϧʱҪǽлȴѾһ
ţͷսʿ˫ͨ죬ܼҺͰޱСĻܲˣֱַ˹ȥ
սʿսųƴ½һһսʿͰսʿϣսʿһȱݣһսͻŭ״̬ӸֻԹԵĽս
Ե£ֿŭ״̬Ȼʹսʿսھս£޷ʿŴΣ
ǿĵطǳֱײսȴ˲رڴģսУͲŵĶ֡
Ҳһᱻϳ½صԭ
Ȼţͷ˵ëַˣһս˵ǰޱλ˾ҲǺᡣ
Ҫÿеսʿ侲õķĸߵս裬Ǻܿϧޱֻǵ͵ȼ˾ʩչսġ
ַĬģһɫĹ֣Ǳϵħܡ
ţͷ˳̵ٶȷǳ죬ҲַֻʩչһħܵĻᣬȵϵħʦ͵ʱţͷѾ嵽ǰԼ˶ȭͷַݺݴȥ
ȭͷڱϣըһɱ˳ȭͷֵţͷ˵ϣţͷ˴˸£Եĳٻ
ַ֪ţͷ˶ԻԿԱȽϸߣڱԿԽϵͣ˵һĵġ
ַ֮ѡħܣҲǻ˵ǵġ
ħӵвķʱԶ˺˺ܹٻţͷ˵Ĺַ൱
ַѡûдţͷ˲ڶʱڴƱħܣַҲ㹻ʱ䣬ʩչħ
ʦս̣ͷħܣȻħڶУܶԷзʦϵսʽ򵥶ʵá
ַѾܣȷǽжȻܶʩչħܶԷ
ַûôַ֮ûнжʹԭأţͷ˹ħܡ
ǿߣбԱƱҲ÷
ַ綥ħ˹ħ֮ڣַеħٳ͡
ϵħ⻷
ַ罫еħͷ˳ȥһɫԲַΪĳΧɢΧַߵţͷ׵屻⻷С
ڱ⻷Ĺ£ţͷ̱һı˪ס
ַмħһƬ׹˫ּ˸ַһ֣е̱˳ȥ
ϵħֲ
ţͷ˱ַΧպóеķֲ磬ÿһţͷٶҪֲС
һ죬˸䣬סţͷ̱ĳ˳ȥ
ַޱɨţͷһۣĿ¶һ˿ʧ
ַһħʿΪȴû֮ƥʵΪַʩ̫ǳħʿʵ޷ӡ
ⲻǽħʿ֮γɵ⣬ַһֱͨ
ַӴħʱ̫ˣ̫ˣʩ͸Ͼ
ͺһ֣ͣŽ׶ΣΪõǰֵĹඥӶ쾳硣
ŵȻ޷ӳֵ书
ַˡ
⣬ַ˽ķͨսħѧϰ
ַֻ̫æµҪַɵ̫ˣַûʱȥúõоħ
ַҲ˾ģȴ˼ϣҪչúõħ֮
һеĸûǿ˵λóˣǺúõĻȥһ顣
ޱ˹һһߴеħʦˣԸΪū飬Źǡ
ַ絭ĵͷ˵ܺãϣҿˡһεðǽһλᣬ´ǻðҵĻҲɱǣһǶȥӦǶĲпᣬҪ¡
ǶĽǶʿһֱսھпĴ֮ʹ൱ҡ
ޱɫЩף̵ͷ˵лĿˡ֪ôˡ
ţǷҩˮɡַһ֣ƿҩˮڰޱС
ޱеҩˮ̼ĵл˵лʹ͡
ƿҩˮ㹻κţͷϵĴˡ
˿ȸŮպϺܼʱҲ˹ַл֮󣬽ޱеҩˮЩţͷսʿҩˮһһƿĹȥ
ţͷƵʱԶĽɭҲŽ˹
ˡ﷢ʲô飿߽ӪصĽɭһӪȻһˣýɭһĪľС
ַͷûֻͣ˵𣿡
ɭعæҡͷ˵ûУûκ˿Ҳûκ뿪
˵ɭ̲ס˿һ˵ӪһۣЩ˶ȥˣȫ
ţͺá
ɭӪŷģһעӪǷߣһעǷ˿Ӫء
ַóǧɭº͵˵ɭһķǳãǸĽȥسһʵװ֮ʹЩ˻صҴȥ
ǣл˵ʹ͡ɭӹǧ̲ס
ǧһʾ˵ĲƸ㹻һǿװҸطĹ°뱲ӡ
ȻɭѾҪ̷ַңǲ뿪ģɭҲţǧֻһ̨ףδŸķչǧͰ
ɭѽպã˵ˣûķԸɭ͸ˡ
ţȥɣ·Сġַ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ޱ˵ĶԻ̲סʵˣ˵Ҳ𣿡
ַ翴ޱ΢Ц˵ǵģǱˣԭҲģЩŬӲͬ⣬ֻԼˡ
ЩūأޱһȻ뵽һֿܣֻ̲ס˳
Ҳ£Ӧµ˰ɡ
ūֲǺˣܲðɡ


293 ó
ޱһ㶣Ͼַ绰еĺ壬ϲ˵˵ЩūǶȥˣ
ǵġ
ллˣллҵ˱˳𡣡ޱм˵
Ŷк˱ɱģַһôЩūӾȻҲնɱ
ޱҡҡͷ͵ǵģһε̶УֻҺܼǺˣͬеĻв˺ţͷ˻ֻϧ·һֻħޣȻţͷ˻ɱֻħޣҲأ֧ūӣūɱ˲˺ţͷˣֻаţͷսʿ̫أūŷ²ˡ
Ȼʧȥţͷ˺˲ǺˣͬҲҲһӣҲҵͬΪǱѩޣҸм
мĻͲ˵ˣҲֻǡᣬţ˵˵ɣҶͦȤġַЦ˵
ǡˡޱֵĺܹɣַ֪飬һһ˵˳ޱĳû˵ķǳ
ޱں֮еһС䣬ĸͨˣԾΪһ̶֧ӣҲСʲ
ޱĸĸڼ֮ǰһ̶г⣬֮ɰޱ̶ӵóףȻޱƫСΪһ˾ټϺеľ̶ڰޱвûû䣬Խ׳
ֻޱĺڵͷˣ̶ħ޵ĹȻ˲ūţһͱҪūץȽз
԰ޱòһȣã̬ˣǾͱˡ
ַľһֱעڰޱϣŰޱӦû˵ѣ˵ˣЩҲʲôҪܣֵ˵
ַͷʵ˵˵ǲ𣿡
ǣˡ
ַ羲Űޱڵǧǰǿر˿ϣǧǰڵ˿˺ü
˿ڵӣȫǺ£˿ڵӣζҪĸʳռݵԭͱȽƶ񤣬˿־ӣʳȱȻҲͷǳĴ
ΪʵȱӹĲ
ȻķҲǳܣ岢ûжٻᣬʳ˫ߵóףҲǱֹģϲܴ崦ʳ֧Ԯ
ȻνжԲߣ߲Ȼƶϸó׵ķóž˵Ϊ˸߶󣬻в˹߹ؽ͵͵ó׵⡣
Щūܹ߹ҪҲΪһľٴڡ
ֻҪһң߹Ҫ̫ѵ顣
ַ֮ǰôһ뷨ޱ˵Щ飬ˡ
˿ڶ࣬ΪܵƣԸʷǳѷͨĶ˵ܹĸ߼ۣž˵
ҲûкöģȻƶ񤣬ֲʳḻʢƤëƤëĹУǺܳġ
һӵʳ壬̵ʱһӵƤëһһأܹþ˵һó׾ܹǸĹʮӡ
ҲԸðΣգó֮·ԭ
ַ繺ˣʶūи߼ʱðó׵뷨ַֻ岻죬Ҳ֪һʲôеҪһЩ߼壬ӶϢΪԼ֮óжṩ
ֻ֧ūţԸַۺˣַŻᶯԽ˽顣
ַںóףźܴȤֻ뷨ʱؽ
Щţͷ˺ˣȥ·ĻͰǽйַ˵
ǣˡޱӦһȥ鿴Щţͷ˵ơ
ҩˮӹɣȻţͷ˲ᣬںַҩˮ֮󣬶Ѿ½ĻָƣȻȬվ·ȴûġ
ޱţͷ˹ʱţͷѾַ֪Եرʵ
ţͷȻţͷĳƺʵĳţͷǺòֻǵԴϳһţǣǵıǿرţǼӴӿţͷҲţͷ˳ƺ
ţͷս壬ǳ׳˶ţͷ˵ƽ߳ףۣǰһվ͸һСɽƵģǳ䡣
ȹַŰޱͿ֡
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Ƕһ㣬Ҫ׷Χַٴ˵
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ޱһָӵĿ⿴ַ磬һλտռ䴫ħʦӵʲôԼˣֻΣ
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˳¥һߣһŽܣҵأʱסҵĳڣΪ޽ֻίסˣ֮һҹװ޷ݵġ
ĬŵİޱͻȻʵˣǴħʦ𣿡
ַʵǳǿַܹţͷ˾Ϳóַ̫ˣޱ²ַӦǴħʦɡ
ŶоǴħʦ𣿡ַͷ˰ޱһۣЦŷʵ
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ţʶ𣿡ַһͷͻȻö£ڰޱǰ˻Ρ
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ħʿʲô壬ޱ̫ˣַ֪һħʿ֮󣬰ޱŻʧı֡
˵ޱһˣǳٶ۵ţͷַ֪ħʿ֮ҲŴһ
ħʿԭħʿô˵ǰħʿˣǾͲˡ
ͰޱĳԾȫͬţͷַ֪ħʿ֮󣬾ȻĵĴЦƺһλħʿϣȴһǿĵ顣
ʵǺܼ򵥵ģͬʧܣڲͬĶУŲһ壬ȭУǽ٣ҪǰڽֱСİש֮£ǽۡ
ħʿȻһҲǶĸ֣ħʿУٰ
ţͷ˹Ц֮ǰǷϣȻһɨա
ַҡҡͷţͷ˵̬ķǳ


294 Ľڤ
ޱǱʱ˳ַΪǴޱˮʳƷ㹻Ƕʱڵʹá
ַڰޱһӡǣ֤ޱӵﶼܹԼѸҵ
ӡڹ½ʲôϡĶޱΪһ˾ҲԸоַϵľӡǣǰޱʵ̫Сˣܷӡǣȴûʵӡǣ޷ӡǵ£ǲߵġ
ʵϣûӡǣһȺҲߡ
ЦΧһַı̾ͱץסȻһüǮ
Ѱޱ˰úúַһ˲ʧˡ
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ܼ̾ϢһȻʵС㣬ô죿Ҫū𣿡
СȻҪūǷǳòֵá
ޱЦһ˵ܼңڻѡ˵ˣɱūҪһ򱶡
⡭⵹Ҳǡһ룬ҲͬС˵䵽һħʿУٱΪҪǿ̫ˡ
ĿǰַħʿƺӦòദ
ȻĿǰ£ַʲôˣǶûѡأߵı
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սڵ£ûгԺȺ˯˷ѣʱ䶼ħڼܵо˵һ񼶾һҲ֡
սַ֮ǰоĿ
ַ˵ĿǰҪֻһν龧鷳Լ֮Уܹٲ龧
龧ԭΪħĹУΪûбȫµĲٻڣӶ龧
龧Σһ龧Ϊȫϣ֮ǡ
ȥȻҲͲ龧ַڵĳɼΪźܴĹ޷ĺɲַԸȥܵġ
龧Ľ֮ûڵ伮ҵ𰸣ַ辶ȷҲҵ𰸵ķ
ս棬ս粻ܹʱ䣬սУģʵеһС
ħϴսУսڸƸħϣȻƵʹøħħƷȻ޷ƳƷȴͨƵϰ
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Ҳսнģ
ַǽսģԣսģš
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ַս󣬵ΪȻϴεоɹħ
ѾһַǳǳĵزŸͲҲֻħʦڤ辶ԶԪصϣӶﵽĿģַҪţڤֻҪڤĻϽиĽӶ龧Ŀġ
뷨õģֻǹǼѵģãġ
ĴĽô׵飬ҪǸôҾ߻ħˣַҲս棬ŸҳԸĽ
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ַսУĽиֳԣһһ޸ĹеĴ©ֲ֮ڵĹ޲ϡ
޸ĵĹУ߻ħιγҪʵ磬ַ綼֪ԼѾٴˡ
Һðսڣսڲ߻ħҲ
սܣͺͿһЧǿޱȡ
ַҲǿս棬һһĴԼĹ
ַרעڹоעⲻʱţҲ֪ʲôʱַ类ս˳
սֻܴСʱʱһͻᱻԶ߳
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һַˣϰ循ȵĽеⲻַϡͰ
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ǲģַ֮ǰҵİÿζԵĽζ
һٴγԣӳԵȴʧȥԭȵζҲԲǰζˡ
ַ֪ԭΪǰûԹٺöʲôﶼζȣȴˣַȥٴƵ꣬Թٺöرڹ½ԵЩζȣѾַˣѰʳ㲻ַ͡
ַ簵̾һЩһϰߣҲزȥˡ
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ȻİѾ㲻ַθڣַ粢ûбֳ쳣ȻһڰһԵζ
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ַЦЦ˵ǻ˵İӣȫ嶼֪óԡ
ǺǣͺáЦˡ
壬ӵգȥؿ̿϶׬ǮɣôȥҼǵһֱڼİɣַЩʵǼǵİ̿ڴʮˣ˿٣̵ȻãÿİӱϾҲޣ׬̫Ǯġ
̾һ˵ôز죬ʲôѰϱ۸۸˻ûط˵ȥڼǧպãһѣǹͷӣڼİȡ
ַ˵飬Ҳᣬĸؿʱ򣬾ûܵ˵ĵѣеĿֻо˲Żס
ôһ˵ַЩףΪʲôҪڼˣȻڼ׬˶ǮӾԹģõı۸
忴ַһۣʵַ磬˵ǮǶʯģǻ𣿡


295 ؼƻ
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ʯ׬Ǯ˵ַԼ⴫ȥģʱ˵Ȼˡ
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ϼŹĶʯַ׬һڶأһºܶ˶֪кܶ˿Ϊַ֤Ӷ֤ǮĺϷ
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壬֪ɣ
ͷ˵֪֪˵ֵǮüʮء
̫ļ۸иеףƷʵ䲻ֵǮʮ٣·߾ͿһƷʵ䡣
ǺƷʵ䣬Ǽ۸ɾ;ˣһСʮٺһЩϰõֵǧ򡣡
ҵܹƣΪĵ˼鼫Ʒ䣬˺üǧǮġ
ҵĹԹԣʯͷǧ򰡡Ծ˵
˶٣ַ˵ֱʯԭ̫ʱǰʯͷģʯͷԭʯԭʯһͲ䣬ʲôƷ˭Ҳ֪ô˵пԭʯ֮ǰ޷֪ԭʯͷһʲô
ʯǶԭʯûˡ
ԭʯļ۸ԭʯĴСͱĻƶͬԭʯԽ󣬻ԽƯԽԭʯԭʯļ۸Խߣ˵ԭʯټǧȣԺһԭʯ۸Ҫˣԭʯϰĸ߼ۡ
ԭʯҲô󣿼۸ߵԭʯ϶ҲðɣǻǮ߼ԭʯ׬⣿Աߵһλ񣬾ȵʵ
ôװַЦ˵ҸղҲ˵ԭʯп֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪Ǹʲô䣬ҲʲôûֻһʯͷҲп䣬ͲֵǮ
ǼֵϰԭʯҲ˵һģʲôûУ˭Ҳҿ϶ǸʲôҪ֪һ䣬˭ԭʯԼпǿ׬Ǯ
˵ҲǡΧĴЦˡ
ʵʯƱǲģССǮ׬ǮֻͬģʯƱнļҲͬĶǳСҪʯ׬Ǯɲ׵顣
ϴζʯ׬Ǯãһ׬Ǯ֮ҾҲȥʯˣΪ֪һֱҵϣû׼һζʯˣͻҵǲȥʯġ
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ַ˵ٴһݣȻ˶ʯ뷨˶ģһЩַ˵֮ԱǣûзϣѾȥʯˡ
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ףⲻַ𣿡
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Ȼַ翪ĹҲǳˣҲǻĹַ繤򹤵ԭ
Ȼûǹȴľ֣ȥظɻҲһʲ룬ڻҲԿġ
Ȼкõһ棬Ȼлһ档
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Щ˼ңƽʱһôûУǱ̫ߣСֶǳȺӣһ˼ҪȻʲô飬ͦ鷳ġ
幫Ȼû˵ʲôַȴ뷨Ȼǽڴ⣬ǾӱϾ̫ˣһ㶯ᴫȥڴ˵˼Ӱ졣
ʱڴǿڸ߶ϻ˵ʲôʱˣ϶᲻Ҳ϶ɲʲô鰡
뿪ȥǴǵҲϡ
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ҵĹǴ˿ڿ϶ģǿǵĴӣʲôûУûУû̳ʲôҪܵȥ̫ˡ
Ҵ㣬ǴӺúù滮滮еĻʩӦýⲿֽǴһҳǮǳأҰոԵĸռݹɷݣԺˣٰչɷݷǮ
Ȼҳ˵أ¾ûסˣһѴ嶫ǿĵضСմҸؽзַǿҵô
ַ⣬򵥵˵ôǰԼķع׳ַǮǳɸʩЩʩндǵĹɷݣַ绹Ǯַ繺һأǺ÷Ӹס
˵ַ϶ǺܳԿģֱӻǮǵĵʵݡ
ַֻ粢ȱǮĿģΪ˰ҲΪ˺ʹ֮Ÿϣֵܳı֤Լ档
ΪػȡɷݣҴľסҲøַ罫ȡΪؼƻ


296 ʹ
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ӣַԺķչܰѴӽĸãԺҲࡣ
οܹŽ񣬰ѴԼһ𣬶ַ˵Ҳһǳ顣
ַҲģΪǴรģͲ֪ǲǿϽˡ
齻ȥַͲˣϰҪе˦ƹľ򣬷ĻΪľʱ䰡
ַֻصԭϣƻƽԲ齨ʦϽսоڤĸĽ
һתһڹȥˡ
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ҪķڣλħʦƺЩȷ
ʣһλʮħʿżӦøߵĴӦðеʹʼҷʦţõĴǰ;Ӧ޿
λħʦǸţ˭ҲȷǲǵйǲƻӣζԴλŷʦͲ顣
ʵϣĲΪַĳ壬лŲٵء
½νṹڻĵսʱڣ干ͬң˵Ĺ壬ӵȨⲢʾӵоԵȨ
͹Ȩ໥໥ԿģԼȨͬҲԸھ޴
һħʿпܾδħʦңǴԸ⿴ġ
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ħֻħȣҪӵ䣬ȴҲӵա
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ССŦۣڵһ֣
ܿϧħƷ߱ħִŮʿܷĴڣǶûκħС˽еĹãԱ˹ȥ
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ȵͷϣ˿ʵִŮʿַ£һħʿ𣿡
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ʮħʿʮ𣿡ǲŵĽе
Ȼйַ顣
˿ŰǸЦЦ˵Ǳ㣬Բǲģ¹شǱǻ֮ҲֻǼ˲ַ֪ħʿʮѡ
ǵﻹһ־ɫ̵ͷ˵İɰ˿֪ôģҲκ˵ַħʿ顣
лл㰲ǡ˿ŰЦЦһ˿м
˵ǿǺýáЦ˵
˵˻Ǻýãǰ˿ı㣬ĸǰɭֻڰǵСʱĸĸ⣬˫˫ѣǴСͼľڻʹǺͰ˿һ𳤴ģ˸鼫ã˵ͬÿһҲû˵
οѪԵ˵ҲǱá
ǵҲܲһ㣬ΪǰɭΨһѪλã̳еģڳʱ̳˹ľλʵŮ
Ψһϧǣǵĸ׸µŲ̫࣬һԼһׯ԰⣬ûʲôʣĶˡ
ȻѾ̳˹ľλԱĹϲͰ˿סһ
øܺãû˸Ļй¶ܣҲǰǻŰ˿һԭ
ţʮħʿ׿ڸңһΪ񻰹¡ҡҡͷ𾪵ɫ
˿Ц˵ˣҲˣӦ˵ǹڳһλʮħʿһΪ˱Ĺأʮħʿ̫ˡ
ħʿ½ǿ֮һһħʦˡ
£һλħʦܹʮǰΪħʿͿԱΪҪʮܴɵĿַ꣬ڶʮʹˣеĲ࣬ȷš
ʮħʿΪһţڴ½ΧڣҲһСܺȼ֮١
ȷѵһ˵ضҲҪ硣һԵİִŮʿҲ˵
ͻȻʲôʵˣ˵ַħʿۺܴ󰡣˵ַħʿǵйļϸ᲻ֿأҪַ֪µһţֻԼ֪滹Ǽ١
˿΢΢һЦŵ˵ַ½ʮߵħʿôһĿǵйļϸַħʿʵ䣬ֻǲ֪ʮħʿǲܱɳϸġ
κһ˵ⶼǹһĴڣֻԼϸôܷ뿪ȥϸ
⵹Ҳǡͬĵͷ
˿ֿЦ˵Ҳһ⣬ȥ
Ȼַħʿ䣬ʮħʿȻһҫ۵ǣ۹ڻϢ֮󣬿϶͵͵ӴַħʿҶ³ŵĹһܹ
һͷЩװ˿˼ˣ˵Լ뷨˵ȻǵĹȲЩ۹ַֻ֪ħʿʵ䣬ơΪʮħʿЩ۹ԣǷҪɵ˲ţӦòΪַħʿ̫ıꡣ
ǲһַ֪ħʿļֵǿȫǵƣ룬ܵӵַħʿ϶Ը
˿ٴҡҡͷ԰Ǳ˵Ǳ㣬̫ˣĴǲȫַħʿģΪĽԸ⿴ģǲңơ
ңǻҪһ㣬Ǹı̫ǳַܿħʿᱻߣǸı̫߰ҲַħʿЯ뿪ǣһǵʧɾʹȥˡ
ô鷳Ǹôźãüͷ
˿ɵЦõģĿˣʵϣΪ˽Щġ
ַħʿžֵǴжܲðգԸײŻǲֻԺӴ֪ΪƷԺͽǱǲܾ
Ҿˡǵ˵ͷ
ԶַҲ˵ͷͨ˵Ľ̸Ҳ׹µĿˡ
ַЦЦû뵽Լĳֻôӵľ棬ԵĻ߻ңԼĲ뿪ģԼʲôöϽɡ
Ǻܿϧַֻݲʺ˵ڣ԰˿˵ˣԷҲһţû׼ûΪַ̫ḡӡָˡ
ôܲɫöԷԼҪúõĥĥ
ϣַ밮˿ͣΪˣַ׼һζ硣
ʹõĲϣǳرѩ̣ʳǰ׷ǱѼǴＹ⣬ˮӵȲȣѩ̺Ͱ׷ܺýЩ˾鷳һЩַͨŲȥǵĴƵãȻسǵʱ򣬲ȵ¶ȺͿڸлûиı䡣
Щڵ˵϶ϡ棬ϾҾԣǶڹ½˵ǿɾϡˣΪЩǴδԹ
˿һѩ̣üͷ
ǾͱȽֱˣֱ˵ʲôƣζùŹ֣
ַ˿ѩ̣Ц˵ɲǾƣǷʦƽʱǲȾƵģһϣҽѩ̣һֲƾϣζȻһ㣬ǿڸкܲҲõĻơ
ǵģرĿڸУҵһκȵֹŹֵζ˵ʵζֺһѩ̡
ȽںɫĿɿڿַ֣ϲɫ͸ѩ̣Ҳϰѩ̵ĿڸС
ѩ̵һڵʱ򣬻ܴ̼ȼھϰˣпܻϲ̼ĿڸС
ַܵǽ£ƿѼһֺرʳһĵطԳԲģǿԳһ¡
ƿѼʳ÷ҲرҪһűȻ˷ŵϣٷϿѼ⣬մϽ֭ţһҧȥζ൱


298 ַ署
ζ˵Ĳȣһй½ĲȺóԣǵĲȶڰ˿˵ǵһƷĿڸУǵʳ
ζʳĵƷʲ̫ࡣ˿һѩ̣С
ǿɾûа˿ôˣüͷһ壬ֱӿ˵ζУܶصζҵһγԵʳʳľ̫ˣʹϵȵʳĽζӦûӺóԡ
ַһ㶣ܿ˹ԼȷʳĵҪԡ
ʳĸͲܺ͹½ʳĽбȽϣԹ˹½ĸʳģٳԵĲȣȻоζʳĵĿڸоҲӰȵƷʡ
̵ַǸ˼ҵһΣһעġ
˿΢Ц˵ַħʿ̫ˣȺζҪʳĵġ
СǳãҵӦýиַ˵
ȷַˣʹù½ʳģϵϵĲ϶ӵζ
ǿַһַۣ̬ȣðǶӡ˲١
˿ҲûмץⲻţǺʵˡֱԣЩȵζررѩ̵ĿڸУҵһκȵЩʳģ
ַ˵ǴңԶĶŹѧҵĵʦڸҵģڹ½ϣܲΪ֪
ԭˣѹˡ˿ͷȴһ˿ɻ
ңԶĶŹʲôطôûҲû˵ңԶĶʲôҡ
Źҹªˣһǵһ˵֣ܺ˵˵Ź𣿡˿ʵ
Ȼԡַͷ˵
ʵϣҲûȥŹ֪飬ҵĵʦҵġ
Ź̫ңԶˣжԶҵʦҲ˵壬ֻҵĵʦʮʱ䣬Ŵӹ½˶Ź
ַ粹˵ʦʱѾзһֻĽ׵ĺӥ
ַ粹Ļڳ˶һ
·ʮԭ㹻ˣǸ·õĻĽ׵ķǾ̫ˡ
ͺҪһսʮܵĿĵأ˵жວˡ
ַ˵򣬵ʦûк˵Ǿ˵ǺһŮйأǸŮڶŹżȻĻ˹½Һ͵ʦʶֻôŮӲûڹ½ǻص˶Ź
ʦΪѰλŮӣʮʱŸϵ˶Ź
ַĹ£Ѿ˵ע˹ȥ˿̲סʵǺأĵʦҵ𣿡
ַҡҡͷ֪ҵĵʦû˵ֻʦǹһˡ
һˣôûҵˣǶԷԸŻ֮ƺǺܺð
˿ЩȻ뵽
ַ˵ҵĵʦڶŹͣ˶ʮ꣬ڶŹշһֽгٷɻĸ߽ħޣֻʱͻص˹½
ٷɼһһֳħޣҪҲӵһֻٷɼͺˡ˿˵Ȼͣȴַַǳ˳飬Ц˳
˵˵ǸŹʲôģԶŹȤ
ַǣЦڸż˵Źǹ½ȫһ
ַѹŴƳֱӰ˶ŹϣȴҲ˽ζ
ĶŹлᣬҵȥʶʶ㽵˵
ûˡַȴҡҡͷ
ʦ˵뿪ʱ򣬶ŹӵĹ˹ŹΪ˱սݱŹռ󷨣չѾѶŹȫҲҲŹˡ
ӣ˹ֳһʣѰ˿˻һһ㶵ġ
ַ˵Уʱ䲻֪ľ͹ȥˣַ翴˿˸ССĹǷͱǸ˵ˣȵɣ밮˿£ҪϢˡ
лĿҲȷʵˡ˿˼ЦЦ
ص䣬˿ϵ̾ʧˣŰִŮʿʵִŮʿַ˵飬ʵжŹĵʦôǿ
ַ籾һħʿǰ;ԶҪٶһħʦʵĵʦļֵǾ̫ˡ
ħʦһʲôڣǴ½ǿڵϣǾƶĺƽ̨
ħʦٳ֣رս֮Уǳƣɳħʦһĸ֣ħʦȴ˸ڷϡ
ִŮʿ˵ܿܵģƬ̫ˣ½ֻеһǣ˭Ҳ֪磬ʲôĴڣңԶĶһŹϡġ
ӦҲע⵽ˣĶŹǳϸʳסУطȫ˵ͷͷǵҺţЩģ̫˼ˡ
ر˵Ǽ䶫һִδֹԣԣǺ˵Ķ
Ҳͷ˵ҲоģرЩȵζѩ̵ĿڸУҵһκȵѩֶ̣صϣҪڴ½гֹĻ϶Ѿڴ½ûû˵ġ
˿ͷ˵Ļôйʦ飬ҲˣȻһλħʦʦҲѹģȻͳΪһλħʿˣĵʦ϶һλ˲ĸ֡
ִŮʿ԰˿˵˿£ڵӦ֣ؿǶַµʹ͹ˣ㲻ΪַħʿҲӦΪһλħʦĵʦǡ
˿ͷ˵ǵģҲġ
ʱ䲻ˣǻϢĺãļʱ䣬¿ԺúÿǿǡִŮʿЦ˵
ڶһ磬ַָ׼һζͣƵĹ
ΪЩַɻ˲˼ЩƵģƵĵطڣѰĹʹõڣЩƵĹȴʹõһħޣҰĺƳɵģζ֪ҪѰĹ϶١
˵˿ˣַԼҲǵһγԵζĹ
ַԼǲģֻҹųҰĺȥ˹ĵ̣ԼĲϣֳǧǮŵЩƹ
Ȼһ飬Щƹζޱȡ
һҰĺʵᣬһǧֻЩñʺװŷڴռҪԵʱóһ¾Ϳˡ
Ȼռ䲻ȫıȶΪ״̬ʳıʻźܴõģڴռٿԱһ²ỵ
㹻ʳãַ֮ǰѾĸԿȥһЩζõ˵һֱ
ôóԵĹǻǵһγԵ


299 
Ӷԣǰ˿˵͡
ټ򵥶ζͣıϲѿȻǳ⡣
ַЦ˵жԣڶŹСģ½ҵʦ֮⣬ֻһˡ
˿޵ڶŹĵģǳζĳգҲ˷ǳޡ
ǰζ̫óˣһٻóԣַħʿ£컹Ϊһ𣿡ԼԲСӣЩ˼˵
û⣬ҵҡַЦ˵
ַתͷ˿΢Ц˵˿˵ΪһŮòǻ۵Ļܼòܱȵǻۣħżߵ裬ǶҵҲźоû˵ɡ
ˣҿû˵ôá˿΢΢һЦǫ˵ֻı鿴óַĳ޻ǺܵģҲ֮飬˿Ϊ֮Ůĳޣϰߡ
ַĹƣϲ˵ûд˿СҵһȻźļ⣬ҿʶˡ
˿⣬ò;˵ħ츳ҵϵ츳Ҳ˳޵
ַƨҲ޵ķʸ
˶٣ַ˵˿£һСͲ֪ûȤˡ
ʲô⣿˿Щ棬ַôͻȻ˵ϵ顣
ַЦʵǾȵѩζô
ζ˵ȴǺĿڸУȹУƷ֮һ˿˵
ַ˵ôãѩƷۼӦǶ٣ϲ𣿡
˿ɵ˵ӦûϲɣϾѩ̵Ŀڸеȷ졣ۼۡѩ̵ĿڸкܶأϾֻһͨϣöҾļֵˡ
öң˿£ò˵㷸˳ʶԵĴ󡣡
ַҡҡͷ˵³۹ʡʢƣöҲһС̹¶ĲƣһСƿļ۸ͳңк۹ĶʾƣɾƵļ۸ӰҪʮҲһƿ
˿£ܸңϵЩƷһӵ⹦ЧƺһЩͨľưɡ
˿ȴҲҡҡͷ˵ַ£ɲһƣƣǶɾƣǸصزƣֻôһСܽ죬ÿĳ൱ϡ٣ҲǸ߼۵ԭ򡣡
ַЦҲ˵ģѩ̵Ŀڸжһ޶ȫ½ֻһݣһ޶ĶӦصļֵ
ЩνȣҵѩŸصĿڸУǶһ޶죬ط򲻵
˿һ㶣ϸһַ˵ƺҲǳе
һ޶Ķû۸񰡡
ַ˵˿ѩ̵ۣһ뷨ǲ
ַԼѩ̵۷˵˳ʵҪ߼ѩ̣֣
۸߰ݳƷӱ˵һͨƷõȥݳƷ㣬⡣
һlvİʮļ۸ǰĲϾļֵʮȻǡ
ַķǰѩ̵һݳƷѩ̵ļ۸ȻҲȥˡ
ڳķҲܼ򵥣ѩ̳ΪʼعƷֻлҲãǰѩΪһֹƷ³۹ѩ̵ȻҲ̧ˡ
ڳĹУѩûеطģֻлҳԱܺȵѩ̣ڻҾٰϣͬԼѩ̵⣬Ʒѩ̵ζǷ൱ϡ١
ĳ˵ѩˣɫζĿȪˮܰѼ۸
˿ˣһ˵ֳ۷
˿Ĭַ˵ķٵ˼һ飬˿ҲΪַķѩ̵ĻɹĿԣǳߡ
һɹ󣬿»൱ˡ
ַħʿô˿ʣ׮⣬Ѿ
ַ˸壬˵ɣҸѩ̣㸺ѩ̣³֮׬ȡĽңҰˣ
˿ЦЦ˵ַ£һͬ⣬Ļϣ˵ı̫ʵˣҪ֪һУǻҪʽҲǷǳӴģʵ̫ˣ㹻άֽתء
ɣΪߣӦˡ
ˣ̫Կˣ߷ˣѾҵĵˡ
߷ˣ̫ˣӦٶһЩ˿ԽԽͷڷ˵Ķѣ
˵ּۻ֮ȷΪˣַռ㣬˿ռĲ㡣
˿ʵǱַССĿһѣˣڿ۳ɱ֮мģѩ̵ɱȫַ˵㡣
˿֪Ƚҵۣѩ̵ɱǽ޵ġ
˹⣬̸һЩϸڣ˵ǵͰʺö
˿£ǵĵһκǽҲиĺᣬԤףǺ졣ַЦ˵Եܺá
ǿ϶ģףǺ졣˿ҲЦ
˿ַһۣЦ˵ַ£̫ˣҰ˿ɡ
õİ˿ҲַͿˡַͷ˵
˿ЦõģôԺҾͽַˡ
õİ˿ҪȸˣҪȥ׼ѩ̣ĻɲʹðַҲ԰ǺͰִŮʿ˵˱Ǹתȥ
˿
ַһߣԾ˵ȴ˿һֹˡ
Ҳȥɡ˿˵
ص˿ķ󣬰ִŮʿһڷͷ˽Խ磬ʾ˿˵ˡ
һǾ̲סʵ˿ѩ̾ٺãÿҲʮĽң˵пޣȻҪַ編ʦΪʲôҪأֱӰַ編ʦ⣬˷ֳɲ𣿡
ҡҡͷֲʵҶħʿԣħǵһλİɣΪʲôҪµ⣿
˿ЦҵİǱ㣬㻹ûַ⣬ǱⰡ
ѩһ⣬ܲܳɹڻһַһź⣬ͱľģҪ顣
ҶԷ˶ٵľֻǹҶӳ̶ȣҪ֪ҪǺҴӦҪ󣬷ױᣬҲһַܵĸо
һħʿ˵˶һ㣬һ㣬ģģǶԴ̬ȣǳĶԴǷܶԴ
ҵּۻۣҪǹҶںĺޱ棬Բ⣬
̾һһܼ򵥵飬бҪŪô𣿡
˿Ц㲻ᶮãװı㡣


300 
ʹ˺ôǣ¶ţ١
ַһֱڿǣźۼöԷԼ⣬ãѩ̵⣬ֻ˿ܲеĺ壬ַҲȷ
ַȴȷԼ˼ûа׷ˡ
ڵϣ˿ҵַ磬˹ַķ͡
ȵһͣǹλַ类λ
λɸߵͷΪӡУڵڶڹ֮£ѾǺܸߵľλˡ
һ£ħʿڱòľλַ˺ľλȻǰ˿Ӵĳ롣
λְֻͷΣȻܹĵλȴûӦĴ
壬ҪȥԹ·ЧңӶùϿɣþλľλϮ壬þλͬʱӦغӦȨơ
һλ߹ħʦԹЧңһΪ˵飬ܶ෨ʦӵаңɲԸԹ¹Чҡ
ԷʦǣǻùͷΣʵȨĹ塣
ΪЧҵĲ裬ַĹͷΣǲϮģҲصʹ͡
ַ˵ν
һͷΣַ緽飬㹻ˡ
ֻǰ˿ַһСϲַʾһԼ壬һٽҵļ۸񣬳۸ַ硣
صڵأպַ繺ĺҴصΧأַֻ繺ĺҴأŵϱעǾҪĶ࣬Χǧƽض˽ȥǣҲ֮أַ¡
ֱַʮֹ
Ȼǰƺܴ󣬵ַҲԼصڵأƶ񤣬عϡȻܴ󣬵ļֵҲ̫ߵġ
ַҲ֪κһλ˵ضҪĲƲ֮һûжٹӵгء
ȻЩضƶ񤣬ԸصĹȻַ̫࣬ԼĻǺڹǵôصģܹҲҪ£һԼǶַ˷֮š
һֽԼʡ֮һضַ£ַ̳Ϊʡ֮һ
ȻĺͱȽϵˣΪ֮һأҲʡƶأ˿ֻռʡĶʮ֮һڲƸռбǾ͸ˡ
ǲɷϣһܴء
ַպԼм˵˿ҶԹµлĻҾͲ˵ˣΪҲһӣʲôҪ뾡ܿڡ
ַĹ壬ǲܴصģرЩ壬ǲԸַ¹ռݸء
ֻҲֻϺ꣬ûʹأýҵ³أӶܿ˹ǵ
˿һЦ˵ַ磬лĻ˵̫ˣٿɡ
ǹµ˽롣
֪½ΪħʿȱħʿװصشУȡصı㡣
˿΢ЦŴӴָóħװ
ħװ֮ǰַõЩװȫͬ㲻κħħװҲʱ޿̵ɢŵħΡ
ܹɢħεװϵƷڸ߽װ֮С
װһóַĿͲıĿĹʣ˹ȥ
װֱһѺɫķȣһöɫָһԽɫĻһɫˮ
˿ĽĸһѺɫķȣβסĴһɲǰ֮ȣɰ֦Ϊ壬ʹöĲɣ϶ǶƬۺһŻ泤ħˣʹ÷ӵзͬһʹЧħʿķУ֮ȣҲڲɶõľƷ
֮ȣħٷ֮ʮһʩٶٷ֮ʮ壬ħظٶٷ֮ʮߣħӵͬЧ
ûиӼܺ͸ӵԣʵϣħʿϵħװٸӼܣҲǳһ߶׷µǿ
װϸӼֻǵͼװ֮٣ۻҵԣɲһǿı֡
ħװУģǿġ
˿Ľܣַ಻ɵúݺݵĶ˶ȵԣ̫ţˣʹѰȣܹʹַʵų̈ס
ַҲţԵħȣңҲڹĴڣǮҲ򲻵ĺö
Ϊ£ַ磬ǳѪˡ
ַѰȴӰ˿֣صĽӹһУһ͵̴ӷУתȫ
ǿħȣ˿һҲûпţȣǿޱȡ
ʹ˺ܶĲϣĲϣ岿ֵİ֦ǶƬۣһŻ泤ħˡ
һָ߼ħֲֻΣյĵطǳϡ٣֦ҲõƷȵĲ֮һ
ھۣǾ͸˵ˣĴڣӵкǿħЧ۵Ҳǿ֪ġ
һֻŶƬۣƬѾ˲ˡ
泤ħеٮٮߣǽھǿڣ泤ħ˵̶ȣȻҲǲԶ
ҲֻʹЩĲϣǿİȡ
ѰȣһʮףشʮһǺɫںɫķɫɫħƣڷȵĶǶһźҴĺɫħˣƬۣͽħ˵·
ȻȻɢɫɫͺɫħΣԵضǿ
Ȼַͨļ䣬ͼʶ˸ָǿħװ״ԽӴǿħȣַ缤ơ
ħȣǿħʿħȡ
ַļı飬˿΢΢һЦָһװҲöɫָ˵Ǻָ֮ħ֮ߣʩٶٷ֮ţħ
ָ֮Ȼ޷ͰȣΪζԣܹٷ֮ߵħͰٷ֮ŵħʩѾΪѵãټܹ˲ħʹúָ֮ļֵ˺ų̈ס
˲ħõúãʱǿġ
˿ֽһԽɫĻ
һԻȷе˵һ֮ػǳ׵ħװ
ħװ֮Уװһ˵Ҳָĳ׵ħװ
һħװٶϣۼϵװʱװ֮ħӶʹװЧħװ뼯һ׵ʱ򣬻ԡ
װǺѵõħװַû뵽װóˡ
˿˵֮ػֻŶµģ֮ػֻſµ濭֮ػֻһ𣬲֮ܳΪ֮ػ
ֻȻһװȴ߱ԲһЧ
֮ػܹ֮ܡ
濭֮ػܹ֮
һַһ˿ȣҪķװ


301 װ
һװһǳɫ
ħ֮ħٷ֮壬ħʩٶٷ֮壬ħָٶٷ֮ʮߡ
ħ֮ӵڵһ㣬ħָٶٷ֮ʮߵٶȾͷǳţˣ֮һħָٶȣ൱ľˡ
֮ȣָ֮֮ػħ֮
߽׵ħװÿһװӵзǳԣװַ磬üʵ
ַԼҲţȻΪԼźļ롣
װȻǶħװҲеٮٮߣǾƷװЩƵħʿҲһӵԵħװ
װģַ֪ЩװôõģȴҲڵһʱ䣬װԼϡ
װȫ룬ַʵһأħٷ֮ʮħͷٶٷ֮ʮˣħָٶٷ֮ʮġ
УħָٶȵΪˣֱ˰ٷ֮ʮģ඼Ҫһˡ
ڹ½װĺûҲʵҪɲֱ֣Ӱ쵽ʵķӡ
ַ΢΢һЦȻ˵ǳлµҺϲ
ַܹϲҲǵҡ˿Ц
ַ翴˰˿һֱۣԲ˵ˡðµ̫ˣ޹»ҲӦǶЩ̫ϲˣʵԾܾ֪ΪЩʲô飬Իرµ⡣
˿ȴҡҡͷַ̫ˣΪҹһλħʿӦõĴȫطϵģֻҪױµ⣬㹻ˡ
ַ¶һ˿ЦָŰ˿˵˿ò˵̫ƻˣǷһ黹尡
ֱַ׻ð˿΢΢һ㶣ȻԼ͸Ĵ㣬ȴû뵽ֱַ˵ڡ
ֱַףûð˿εĸоַرһ˵ʽð˿оɣá
˿һЦ˵ǵļƻַˣͲ֪ԸԸǷһˡ
ַʼε˵ǵ޷ܾ飬ֻǷˣһرǵģԻǽﳬֵ
õģĿԴ˿ͷЦӯӯ˵
װַ磬Ҵҵ뿪ˣȲ볢һ£װ
ִŮʿͰǶһֱڳȵַ뿪ִŮʿüüͷȵĵʵ˿ǸղŲ˵ãֻͳħװôʱ֮ػҲ˳ȥ
һγУ˰˿ܴȨޣλ߿ԵشСҲɰ˿Ҫǣǻʼұ֮Уѡ߽ħװɰ˿ļ
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λȻһصĴϣ˿ȴûģַܴһأʡ֮һء
ħװ˵ۣ׼ַҲǰ֮ȣħ֮ͺָ֮һ֮ػٴ衣
Ҫ֪װУ֮Ⱥ֮ػõװװҪεһЩ
ԭ˵ģֻڴװʱ򣬰˿ʱװַ硣
ִŮʿɻ󣬰˿΢΢һЦŵ˵ԭҲǴװ㹻ˣǺϸһ룬ҴװȻĿǣΪװպõĹһ壬ȱһװʵӰ졣
Էֵ£ĻٸһװȻ޹ؽҪַײˣʵǱֵ£Ȼֵ£ֺαĵװأ
˵ֻװǶַ˵ȴǶһװǵӡҲԻͬġ
ȻѾҪ£ԷôĳȥжȻǶΪķʽ
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ǼλӺͰ˿һȣȻͲˣѹֹ»ǲˣǲӵˡִﰵҡҡͷڰ˿£һ˿ϧ

װĻãַݺݵ˷һѡ
ַصԼķŲص
ĿǰĳǳտЩ⣬û˾ס㹻ĵطַʵħ
Լϳǲʵħġ
ˣȪɭ֣
ַ뵽һõطȪɭ֣Ȫɭ־ﲢԶʹ÷ĻһСʱ͵ˣȪɭħ޳û÷ַʵħ˼
ãȥȪɭ֡
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Ϊһֻħޣ˫ķи߶߿ԴﵽһǧףȻ˵ķи߶ڣĿǰķи߶ȣͱҡ
׵ĸ߿ϣ˫ȶٷɹٶȣ˾޴ķַͷҷ衣
ַһ̽־ٵǰȻħ뵽ֵػϡ
ַħ룬ϺһһɫĹܣ̸ϣַǰ
ַħǰĹܿٱ󣬱һֱ׵Ĵܣַ籣
ܵܵ赲洵Ŀ磬Ӱ١
ܵķʱ޷ԣǹܵĳٶȻַǳģħװЯļܣ˲ܣһķǳá
ħʦʲô±͵Ϯ
ħʦսضʩչħܱԼʩչħˣϾʧȻħһɣ˾Ѿ׼޷͵Ϯ
ǲʩչħܣİȫֵòϣԷķһͿҪԼС
ħʦսʱһ
ػͲͬˣͲõķ⣬˲ܣȫڹʱ˲ʹá
ڷַҲǷĵģ߽װķ
ַʩչħܣûܣǿء
ɷϣһõħװԸıսʤ


302 ֮
ʹػܵʱַ緢ֵ֣ػҲͬʱĺ⣬ԶַħֻյٶȷǳҺ٣Ҫַע⵽ϵĺ⣬ֲ
ַˣһǳװװһʹʱἤԣǼĶ
ַ罫ͶУϸ۲ı仯
Ƭַ̺ȷһԳ׵ػụļԣһʹõʱһöʹߵħʹĶٷ֮ʮ塣
ٷ֮ʮ岻ܸߣǵװκһǲٵĽܹٷ֮ʮѾ൱ˡ
İٷ֮ʮĳЩʱ򣬻ͻΪʤĹؼ
ѹװô󣬹Ȼеġ
ַһӴ˶ػħ룬ϺһһŻӿ渽ַϣ·һ׻ףַ籣
֮ػ
濭֮ػ
֮ػܡ
濭֮ػ濭
濭һʱǡþһ׷װܹṩ˫صķ
ܺͻ濭ķ൱ΪչСһЩ
װͬʱʱ򣬾͵ڶ˫رֻлƻܣٻƻ濭˵ַ磬ʵħܣӵиǿķ
ˣܺͻ濭Ӱħܵʩţڼܺͻ濭ͬʱַ绹ʩչһħܣӶõر
Ϊ˲Ӱ쵽ܺͻ濭ӣòҪʹñϵħܣħͻϵħ໥ƣӰ쵽ܺͻ濭ӡ
Ϊϻ濭ͻܵӣʹ÷ϵϵ߻ϵħܣرǻϵħܣܹӵ濭ͻܵ
濭ҪȻԴһȣҲ޷һ㣬ʹССǻ濭Ҳ߱һص㣬ȴǻ߱ġ
ǻ濭ӵ˺
ĸ£濭ͬ߱ߵ¶ȣַĿ£濭ĸ¿ҲţȻˣŵʱ򣬳ߵ¶ȣͻΧĲƻ
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汬ƽʱòΣʱ򣬿
ף
ַͻȻһֵܺͻ濭ͬʱڵʱ򣬻ܺͻ濭Сȵԭȵİٷ֮ʮ壬˰ٷ֮ʮ˰ٷ֮壬ҲһССľϲɡ
ܺͻ濭ûʱֻĺٵħάִڣַڵħָٶȣһħģԺԲơ
ַܱ˻ֻά˻濭Ĵڣ濭ܹȫλİȫǸ߿еǿҲ濭赲⣬޷ַ˿Ӱ졣
ˣڿħЧˡ
ַ˫𣬰Ѹ߶Ƚ͵һףһ׵ĸ߶ȣҲڵҹҲܹĿ档
ֳַַȣһ˶ĻڷϿٳַͣһӷȣ򻮳һߣһڵըһӣУĵ汻渲ǲҲա
ĻħǱըȻΪˡ
ˣʩٶҲ˾˲ͷŻַԸĻԲͷŻ
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һſŻȻ£ڵϷ죬ըһ˵ĵӡ
ȫװʩٶȰٷ֮ʮˣַ緢֣ʵʵʹУʩٶȵҪԶԶĸֵ
ٷ֮ʮ˵һʱ䣬ʵʵʩٶԶԶֵʩչħǵͼħʱЧرͻʩٶȻɱӡ
ˣֳַ༸ϵĻħͬˣʩٶȿĲ˼顣
ַĬһ£ÿӷħĳ̶ȡ
ʩٶͬʱħûнͣһ롣
Чȫǹħħ͸ħҲ
˫ķи߶һһַڸ߲㲻ϵͷħӶո߿еʩɡ
߿ʩûʲôѵĵطϾԼУǳϣ͵ʩûʲôͬ
ֻΪһֱڸ߶ƶУĿʱ򣬺ܴܲҪһʱϰܾ׼ĻеĿꡣ
һԣַ緢ֻħ׵ħʺϿͷŵħΪħķٶȶǳߣ׻Ŀꡣ
ȵַϰ˿նԵصĹ̰ƻʽһħӷϻӳڵըһõĻ档
ò˵ӿи߷ŶԵʵʩһܴ飬
˫ٶȣȻǱȲս˫ԺͻԣҲսܹģټַλħʿĳߣ߽һʱ򣬾ǳԽսĴڡ
սҪϰɣսҪҩɣսסɣ
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˫һȷȲսٶ˫ߡ
ֻǶַ˵˫ٶĿǰˣҲֻһֹԵʵǿˣһֻ߽׵ķǱ顣
ַķǿа
ɷϣǷħǿĴڣӵһֻҲַһֱ룬ҲܶĿ֮һ
ʿֶ硣
ʿڹ½ǶĴڣڵͬҲǼֻ˭Ҳûмʿֻǰһõ
гһգַžڵ·ʱ龰Ƕôĵ顣
һ뵽һ죬ԼžڵĸϿհȻ裬ʱǿԼַѾ񱩵Ļ
Ϊ˲ܵĿܣܶɡ
ھһСʱķ֮˫Ѿɵ˿ȪɭֵıԵش
ƽһ·̺ڿȪɭַ˫
Ҳ֪ã̫ã˫ոأԱһֻ˶Ұͳַײ˹
ֻҰ˶󣬱·һ󿨳ײ˹ַ綼ܸоҰı£Ѿ΢΢Ĳ
ַȴû̫ı飬ĵľ֣ϺһһɫĹܾ͸ַǰ
һ죬Ұ޴ײ˻ϣ˿ֻײĵطɢһȦ
Ұ޴ײܣķʽڹܱɢʧӶԹûκӰ졣
ҰգգԼ޴۾ƺɵˡ


303 к
ֻҰһħޣʵ̫ȫ޷ԳܵʵʷЧַһӷȣһ绡ҰϣҰһһڵϣһ
ַûֻҰ˫֮󣬽ë֩˳
ֵΣ˫Ѿʧȥãǳë֩ʺĻ
ַϳë֩룬ϢĳŴǰ
;żһЩͼħޣԼľˣϲ۵ģһħֱɱ
ȪɭȻûʲôħޣҲʵСԳë֩ٶȣҲ˰Сʱʱ䣬Žɭֵ
ɭɭΧŽȻͬħޣǶħ޵ĵ̡
СħޣǿǵڴħʦͰսʿĽ壬սԶ൱ͨ£ҪһСͬȼðŶӣܻɱһֻħޡ
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ַûôõĵħǹٵİѳë֩һӣһŻħǷȥħǵȻըը˺ͻ棬ħһ
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ַһһڿȪɭֵַħޣǱɱ³ֻЩڶħȺܹƣַ£һҴߡ
ħʿǿ˵Ȫɭƺ̫ͼˣȫҲܹװǿȵĶԵħޡ
ַĿеĺʶħޣȪɭִ˵ħ޵ĴڣַɱһȦҲֳ˲СĶȴûпħ޵ӰȻйħ޳ûĴţʵ
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ֲȺ幥ħͬʱԶĿйֻһɢһЩ
һֲڳצ๷һΣֻΪצ๷УûгǼצ๷ԣһ峯ַ˹
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һ룬һϵһһֲ׷צ๷˹ȥ
һַ㹻磬ҲҪ֮ǰԵĴһȦһֲȥ׷צ๷һƬмֻرǿ׳צ๷һ£ѡ
ֻǵĺҲ͵Ϊֹˣַ緵أеצ๷ȫ
ַ翴ðСһۣȴûǰ̸˼µĳë֩룬ﳤȥֻһȺȫ˵ðߡ


304 Ѫ
ֹ죬˿ȥͬʱߵĻһƿѩ̡
һƿѩΪµڴѩ̵
˫һʽףȻǷǳģַҲ⡣
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ַţԼĿǰʵڵӦѾҲ֣ЩǿַڵϺ޼ɡ
ȻַԼĿǰĴʲôʲôǳڵϴڶλãǾ޵Уһξ룬Ҫڵ£ȴܵġ
ַҪߵ·ңԶ
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һΪǹ⣬ڶΪ¹⣬һ֮⡣
ַ˵Ҫʦػܡ
ʦ֮䣬һռһַ緢ֺһȻпռӣǴŲڿռͷҲΪԶ޷ŲƣֻͬҲˣһͨռ½ֻͻʧȥźš
ռƺܴźš
ȤַˣźȻܴݣźȴԻôݣ˺͵¿ͨռΪʦṩͿźš
һȤ󣬶Ҷַ˵ǳá
ַѵºͿͨռ˹½¹ⷨʦװ˹½һ̨ԣĻ𣬹½һ̨ԣʽʼС
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ǹ½ҲܣҲǳ֮⣬һ֪½ڵĵˡַͷ֣ص˵
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ʵ֤ҪȫķֹߵĲǲܵ飬ħӶԼѪĵĿơ
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ҪģĿǲܵ飬رǵУиֵʱ
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ļһħװԲԼЧӶһ̶ϱͽĲֻװڵǸʱѾûˣΪװһ㡣
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ѪĺĲ֣ѪԣƽѪĹؼǡǡҲѪϣǵϵѪӡǣʹΥԣҲἤѪ䡣
Ѫһص㣬޳еѪ䲿֣ӶʹƽѪħû֮ء
ħʦǳԼķѪʹãȻɴһȴҲ㡣
µѪѾûѪ䣬ٽѪЩˣַ룬ȡ˸򵥵ֽԼ
ƵĲϣַ׼ȫƵķҲսж죬ַ翪ʼѪԼ
ѪȻд˸֣ʵȴĸһĽ
Ѫ壬һףΪ߲㣬ÿһڲһˮ߿ˮ򣬾ѪĺĲ
ֻҪѪԣѪڷ˵ȡһѪҷһѪӡҲԶɡ
ԼκѪһģһֻǵЧȫͬһѪ䣬һԼ
ԼĺԼҪԾΪý飬Լ̡
ʹõķܼ򵥣ʹһһԼᣬ֮󣬽ԼԼԶվеݣԼתƵ֮ڣ֤ԼִС
ȻʹõһԼǽԼԼִȽǳ֮
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ҪԼĵȼ׵飬ҪǿĶԴ
һϣѪռıˣΪѪѪΪֶΣһּΪԵĹʽһѪ䱬ħʦҲ⡣
ԼҪҪǿĶԴֶԴǸߵȵħ˻ħҲǸߵȼħϡ
ԴԽǿԼҲԽǿ
ַĿǰͷĲϵȼǹˣԼֻܶԴħʦ¾ʵԼħʿϣûЧˡ
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ħʦңĸ֣ȴֳɵģַͷպţͷսʿǶڰʵ
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Լڷʦһ㣬ַǼ˶˹Ȼÿ˷һԼᡣ
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Լݺܼ򵥣ҪǷЧַ磬ΥԼ
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ˣ鿴һǵĽָΪ׼ҩˮװַָŽָ˵


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ֻ֮ڹŴִѾʧˣⲢ󷨾ĲˣΪĳЩطȻйŴ󷨱
Щ֮أͨйŴżУż﾿ʲô˭Ҳ˵壬ܹΪĵҩܹ޵µı䣬ܹɱ˵ܹ֮󷨾ʹżżͨʹ˱ء
īֻ˵󷨣ȴû󷨣Ҳ˽󷨣ԲŰħ󵱳ɹŴˡ
ĿȴҲħ󷨣ڱʵҲһģ²ַһѡ
Ϊ˶󷨵ĴʶǾʹΪ֮дż֮ģҲԽĿ
ī˵磬󷨵Ѿ̹ˣȷǳƾ֮»Ʋ󷨣Ҳʧ̫Ҿȭںͷӥȣ֣ż
īһ㶣ֻתһ׵ܵܵˣЦŵ˵ͷ˵¸ϵ̫󣬵ƾǰ׼һȴǵģһҲЩ鷳
żô飬»ܶ鷳ƾ׼һң治תģ԰īŻȭںͷӥȣīҲǴˣȻ뵽еĹؼ


308 ɱ׼
ַ粢˽󷨶ʱζʲôӲ֪һϢй¶ȥȫֵĸֿ¶
һ鷳ڻƽ
Ȼ֪鷳ĴڣǶڰ׼ҵСַ绹ģžҹ֣׼
ɫİʱѾϰ˵㡣
ˣڵҹɫѾ㹻ڻԼĳС
ַĵ뿪ׯȻų˫ҹڻ˫ɽ׼Ҷȥ
׼ҵڵɽʡֱ߾룬Ҳһǧ๫Ҫϸʻһǧٹ
£ɽ׼Ҫһʱ䣬˫ֱ߷УٶϺܿܶࡣ
ҹɫڸ˫ķй켣һֻȻϢĳŰ׼Ҷȥ
Сʱ󣬿һϵȫλǣȷǰ⣬ɽ׼ҡ
ַûмŶ֣ڸ˴εڣһʱյꡣ
겼ɣַʹôŲصУҰѴά˹˽˳ȻʹôŲ˴ɽ׼ҡ
ַֹŲٴξˣַɫѵĴά˹ʱҲ˵ˡ
ַ翴һۣ˵·ϣѾ˵ֵˣҲ֪ж¹شֻɹʧܡ
ϰ壬ˡά˹˵ͷ˵
ַͷ˵׾ͺãҲģֵύԸǵҪĿǲǵΧϵԱҺǽֵʱЩϵӵӵˣɾͺˣնݲ紵ĵӦöġ
ʱҲˣȥɣ֮жҪһŵָӡ
ǣϰ塣
νһţָľֻǲ֪һŵݣͨ绰´սָġ
׼ҳԼӪ֮⣬ﻹоӪŲСĲҵЩҵɺüλҪĵϵӵƿصģά˹˵ַչʱ򣬻ɱЩϵӵܣȷܹѰ׼ҳײ
ַûмжԭ£ָεŲƣǰַķĸɾˡ
һСʱַܵϢά˹Ѿλʱչ
ַͷһȴûġ
ʱһһĹȥܿ͵˰ҹַ糤𣬳źҹĿһۣâ֡
׼ҵͱһ׼Ҹ߲òסķλҲַμУ͵һҹɱˡ
׼˿ǧˣǴ󲿷ֶǷ֧壬ĵϵӵܣһٿڣһУܹҲʮˣֻҪ⼸ʮɱˣ׼ұضơ
ַжĿȷǰѰ׼ҵĸ߲һ򾡣ȫɱ
ַųë֩룬ųë֩볯Ű׼ҿԳë֩ϢͿ˰׼ҡ
Ϊңϣ׼Ҳ˲ٸڣڰ໥ϹһܹԽľߣߵķˣҲϢ䣬׼ҡ
Ƕڻ˲Ƶַ˵ȫһ裬ַһ˲ͽ˰׼ҡ
׼Һַһеĵͼܿ׼˷λ
ַһҪɱˣǰ׼Ҽ־־ǰ׼ҼͬʱҲǰ׽µĸףҪΪˣַҲǵ׼鷳
־ס͸ַ翴˵ͼַ׼ҵ˰־ļҡ
ʱΣ־ļҲ˯֮С
ַľСڰ־ɨһȦһ˲Ƶ˰־ķ
ַվԭûжǰ֮⣬־§һŮˣڴϳ˯
ַ̧ȣ̹һһ׶Ű־ĶͷϷٶȥһ죬ڶͷϻһֵָѪ
־ߵŮͻȻһȻ۾׶ͷѾΪ΢ŮҲڼҸ֣ӵе쾳Ϊһ죬Ҳѹ
ֻϧַԴ׼ûŮȫһ̹һŮӵĶͷҲһѪ
׼Ҽ־
ַľڷɨһȦ̷صİҵһ׼ҵĽ׺һŰʯһЩ˱ļַһԵİж
ʰϣ©ַٴʹ˲ƶһ䡣
ǰ־ĳӣ׽Ƶס׽Ȼǰ־ǰ׽µĴ磬ǰ׽Ƶȴûеܵô㣬ټϺóΪͣڿɽĲ㡣
׽ƻδɻ飬Ŀǰǹһˣַһ׶»Ȫ
ڷһɨûַܷ֣תƵһ䣬һ׶Ϣɱһˡ
Ƭ̺󣬰־ļѾûһӶŮʮȫַնɱȻѾѡ֣ûأնݳǻ׼
̫ĺݣתĿ¾ȫҡַ૵һһ˲ƣѾһ˼С
а־ɣǰ־ĵܵܣ쾳Ϊ֮УҲŵĸ֣ɾ˸֣ȴϢ˯֮б͵Ϯɱ
ɵַ֣Ҳò̾˲ƣʵ񼶰ɱɱڱر
ַһһҵɱȥɱһСʱ׼ҵϵӵܼһ⣬رǵ쾳֣ǲ
ΨһûǼҲΪסĵطַ֣³⣬ûжǶ֣ʱǵ
ǵҲ͵Ϊֹˣַһ˲ƣĵ˹
쾳ĸû˶סڰīĸ˫ľ벻ᳬʮףֵĸоǳַ³⣬֡
ڲַ࣬С쳣ַֻվ̫죬µ֣ҲַС
ټİ׼ңھϼһˣʱְǸɱˡ
ϼһʵǿַ֣绹ûַֽ֣翴īԼҴ¥ַ֪ʤīİգǻаīһԣַ֣ûʤˡ
ַƣκһ˶ԼĶ֣־൱鷳ôأ
͵Ϯ
͵Ϯɲ͵ʲôˣǿַ֣Ϊ൱
Ȼûħʦôǿħǿᣬʮ㣬Ӧޱȣַ˲俿ǿ¾ͻᱻ֣Ҫ͵ϮͲܡ
ʲôˣ
ûַദԲߣīȻһӷһԾ
ֹȻַ丽ɱˣȻҲע⡣
ʱ͵ϮѾˣַȴҲûжʧ͵ϮɣǾǿ¹˭֣δ֪
īһ䣬˫۾;һɨĿַķ䡣
Ӧ֮£ַİˣΡ
ͬʱīҲӷ˳ͰīȣīΪһ㣬ӦͲīȻҲûаīô緢ַ硣
ս٣ַҲмϻ΢΢һЦ䣬еķȣѾ̧


309 ս
Ӧ֮£īַ֪緽λһأ·ڵһ㳯ַ˹ȥīҲǷӦ죬ڰī
īһĨжʱһλεע£ıֱϸɫĽ
֣ƥţ޼᲻ݡ
תۼ䣬īַǰ˫ףǰīؾ̧һӡ
һӣ̽һһӽַⷢն䣬׾գ۾͵
ַЩڼҸֵԤϣϺһһܵԼǰǽڹ֮ϣ죬һȦ˿ĻҲһ硣
ַԴӻ֮һīػǵһܹܵĸ֡
ֵĹȻǵ켶ܹȽϵġ
ַȴһϲֵȻĵҲǵסֵĽڹܹסҲͽַĺ֮ǡ
īһ벻ԼĽȻסĪıһ˿Ӱ
ֻǴʱ˿̣Ѿݲðīض룬гˢһѾ˹ϡ
һ֮ǰǿ֣ϱನƣܲסֹ壬Ʋܣһ嶼ûС
ʱīҲгһһŹܴ
īȴĬһÿͬʱƵַ࣬гһ䣬ƿַܳ
ĬͬʱַĹֻ赲һ湥һضա
˵ΧַɳȲֱַ֪ƶٶȣǴ˷ʱ䣬վר־ķħ
ַȴУȻܹסôսͬҲܵס
ַϻһս̰īصĳڻսϣһ
īٴһֻоȴͣЪһһ֮£ǰѳ̱˵һ죬óһϣһ죬ַĻս׾Ȼһǿĳǰַ˳ȥ
ַֻһۣԼ̱һɾ˳ȥ֮£еķ̳Űīһָϵһǿ̱
ֲַɵôԵ޹ʱվΪ׼һֲ
ַⷨһָϱǿ⣬ʮִ磬Űīش˹ȥ
ֲȺħÿһ綼Թһˣ˫ľ̫ˣַ籬ֲзֲ綼ַĿ£ŰīӰī俪˷綼ڰīصϡ
ΣˣīشһϷһɫĻǿޱȣǾѻҲһܹ򴩡
ǿǿڻϣͻͬʱ飬µһԵĴ˰īصϣīزҽһ屻ɽ̿
磡īߵĴһһ˫Ŀ̱ͨ졣
īߵĴһ᳤ַ翳ȥ
ַ絭һЦһ˻һֵˡ
īеĳַݺ£ϽɭȻȻǱȫҪַƴˡ
ҪƴַûƴĴ㣬һģʧ
ʲôīһֻת֮Ͳַķλ̳˳ȥ
ַһ˲ƣƶһݶϣͷͺһƿҩˮ
ղһȻַϵĻףַˣһޱȣҺû׵ֵĴ󲿷˺µ˺ַַֻ࣬һƿҩˮѾûд󰭡
ַ²⣬ղһӦǰīصıɱһҪǻս׷ˣһ֮£ַѾһ
ַҲ̾¸ֺ࣬ԲСκˣеһСҪ
ַҲԼ裬֮˽֣Զ;ԲܽսԼϾǷʦսʿػԼԼĽսҲһȫȫ
ʦ͸зʦģӦԶ̹ǿս
ַҩˮ̧ĬĬʩʱ򣬰īƴվ̨Ŀַ磬Ŀ֮д޾ɱַ·һͷǣݺݵĿַ硣
ˣҸ㣬ˡ
īַҧгݣȻһ׼ң׼̱ѣһƬƬĵƹڷһ׼ӵֳֳź
īȻ޲óַ⣬ַƤԼַ֪Ķַ֣Ҳļɵٻӵܣﻹʮ֣ϰλɽӣôѵɱ˶Է
ַҲû뵽ԷûнڷٻˣҲãպ÷ʩչħ
˫֮ףַʩʵīУǰī֪ħأֻΪַ׼Уַ׼ħ
˫֮ǰף׾벻ԶȴҲīţַĹǴ򲻵ģԼڻܰȫ
׼ӵܵʹȻǳ֮ߣڰīһŭٰ֮׼ӵѾֳֳۼڰī¡
ֻǰīһȺȴŭĺ־أΪ׼Ҽ˴Ϯʱ̣Ϊʲôû֣
а־ɣ־ƣ־ϪأǶȥˣΪʲôڻ֣Ҫͽ𣿡
ˣͻȻ˾Ĵе˹
ʲô־ˣīһúõԼô
īͻȻĿַ磬ȻŭĴ㣬һģҶһɱģ㾿˭úİȻɱҰ׼Ҽǰ׼ҾкγޣҪ´˶֡
ַϴŰҹߣīȻַƬܵߵ赲֪Լǰ֮ˣɱӵַ硣
£ַһЦеķȶŰīһָһţڰīͷϣһɫĹȦǹȦ̫죬īһ񣬾ͱȦеϡ
ħܹڲ׵˺ͬʱԷϵħĵֿһħ
ĹʽȽر𣬱˵īû׼ˣ׼ҲԶ㿪Ĺ
Уīֳһ㵭ĵ⣬һī͸оһĨ·ĸϣʹǳ
׵˺Чˡ
С׵˺ֻͨ跢ΣͻΪ˹أɡ
īȻûôǱ絽ζҲܰ
󱲣īַ𣬾ַ׼Ӧ֮ʱīȻתӡ
ַ翴һû뵽ī֣ȻҲ


310 ׼
īһޱȣҪǰƴ˭뵽һ֮󣬰īȴˣһͳźȥ
īѾԼַ֣ڴ׶༪٣ֲɵŲԸڴ˵תܡ
ַһЦڲܣ̫
һӣһ糯ŰīīܵٿҲû죬գ۾͵˰īϡ
īҲӦ֮£巢ɫĻȻƣ⹥簡ôö㣬ӺƣܵҲת䣬Ȼϡ
īлϮֵ̱⣬ʱīϵһȻͷţ֮īϵֿһƿīڣѾڻֻ̫࣬ڰīϡ
Ȼֻ磬˵ϿǺ۵ģī۵ƺһǰҲɵöһ١
ͬȼĴڣǾˡַ簵̾˵
ǷپҲûˣ͵ɡ
ƥĵƺûм϶һĴַķϷһĵߵ˵תۼ䣬ַ緢һʮȫڰīϣīƤȫ飬ĺ̡
īַˣͲͣ±ѩޣΨһͷܵԽԶԽã治ˣԼ뿪ԷĹΧܼʱɣ
īһֱĬĬ˫룬ļǵã˫ľѾףȻǿ󣬿Ҳܳ׻ܼˣˣԷһ򲻵Լˡ
ǰīȫʧˣǵͣ͵ļԼϣһĵߵ˵תۼ䣬ʮڰīϡ
īˣ֪ԷĹϬ֪һĲӦܵģӦƴһսģһҲӦҧ¶ԷһⰡ޷ıɱֵ̫̫ˡ
ֻϧ̫ˣīԼĺܣԼѾϾԼûˣˣ治ˣĻٻʮꡣ
һ죬ī
Ϊ˻ɱīַһʮߵףһ£ܰɱֹȻͬһ㡣
ɱīһֲ㹻ɱīȴҪʮߵףͼħ͸߼ħ֮䣬ȷźܴ࣬Ҫɱ֣Ӧո߼ħ
ɱīַ֮һʧ
ʱЩ׼ӵܲŷӦҴææĻҴС
ܿأЩ׼ӵܾͷ׼ҵĸ߲㶼ˣ׼ҵϵӵһе쾳ϸ֣Ҳȫ׼ҵ죬
ͬʱά˹Ѿյָʼɱ׼ɢĵϵӵܡ
ⲿֵϵ࣬Ҳֻм֣˵ټַǵװȫܹ
ɷϣնжκһԣ߱޿ɱƻһɹܽԷ߽⡣
׼ҵ𣬾һõӡ
ַڰ׼ҼͣƬ̣Ѱ׼ҵĺöѹһգ뿪׼ǰȥӦά˹ˡ
һСʱ󣬴ά˹ɣ׼µĵϵӵȫ׼ҵҵ⵽ǵϴƻ˾˿տǡ
ɣַʹôŲعׯ
ˣȥϢɣǵҪһȥƽתһת
תһת˵ģһΰ׼֮Уַеİ׼ˣϰ֮࣬ɱ̫ˣŪ̫ˣַǲ鷳ҲԵ޹ʸԼ鷳ҪȥƽתһתӶ첻ڳ֤ݡ
׼ڵؾ˵أǧ֮ңַȥƽתһתҪϴԼɱɣǧַûɱʱ䡣
õ֤Լ׵֤ݣʲô֤ҲȲϾ
ڶһ磬ַŴά˹ͼȥƽУհΪò⣬㣬ûиһ
ַĿĺȷֱӿȥһұ4S꣬Ȼźʹά˹һһ˻ᣬڳ¶
ַ΢΢һЦºˣԼų֤֤Լڳ˵ȥ׼ҵĲҰҲԼ޹ء
źʹά˹ȻȥˣַȥƼңǴӦҪκ˫ȵġ
ַˣĸ־ַãϲ˵
̺áַЦ˵
úúã
ĸдַ£ַ˵̣ȡ
ڡĸϲĴӦһֳŷеͷӣͷӣ˭ˡ
ʲôСֵġα˳
壬ȸоôˡַվЦʵ
ַ簡жûˣһΪСڳءЦǺǵ˵
ǺǡַЦЦȴ֪ӦôӻӦʵʵ˵Ӧü
ַֻܲ⣬˵壬ȸоôˣ
ϴַΪ˫򵥵ĻָƣȻûаκãȴоöˡ
ַЦǺǵ˵˵ҽԴϴαС֮Ҿ͸оˡ
ܹЧõˡ
˶٣ַ˵Ĳ飬һȥ֮һҩˮǴҩˮ˫ȵġ
С簡̫ллˡһԵĸм˵
ַ˵尢̣ô˵Ӧġ
ЦŵͷȻ˵СллˣǼܹǺøҲܹ
尢̷İɣ֪ôġַȴһЦԼǺչֻûϣ˰
Ҳ֪Ҫĸַ֪ѾһѵŮˣֻһʲô顣
˶¥ңַĲ£ڴɺá
һƣûʲôֻǺҩˮ㹻ˣĸҲڳ
ַԭ̫κãԵ̫ףǼȻѾ˵ף֮ѾڿܣַҲԸţԻǾˣκòźá
ַóһƿҩˮ¡
ַ˵ˣҵƵҩˮѾûˣҩˮһСʱڷЧֻ֮Ҫעָˡ
лл˰С硣ֺǺǵЦ
ַûмȷҩˮʼЧĸУ뿪
ֻ뿪ŵʱ򣬳һ⣬Ȼպãײ˻ƣ˵ʱΣϰģַŻѡʱȴû뵽ײ˸š
㡭ôƿַ磬ɫһ¡
ţ尢ַ̡ͷ˵ĿһƣĿһ˿Ľ
Ʒ·ҲַܵĿ⣬ֻȴһ˿ɬɵ˵Ҫɡ
ɷϣҲһЩøУǺźַѾŮˣβҲͱŮ˹ͬӵһˡ
֮䣬עԵ޷֡
ַٴοһۣôȻԵ޷ַ֣Ҳݵ̫ҡҡͷ΢΢Цˣһ£ɣţԺʲô飬ǵøҴ绰
ַĻӻ֣߹Զ
ƴĿַԶȥıӰͻȻоһɬһʹ


311 ӿ
ƸоԼıģӣóԿ״ţ˼ȴָĸڼңͻȻֺĸоģʲôҲڿɳɵɵķ˰
¥ͻȻĸ׵ĴƳһ̷ɿܵ¥ϡ
֣裬ôˣ
ƣְֵȾȻˣ·ˡĸϲĴУȻžɫ
ʲôְˣƳŷ￴ȥְַֻǽڣڻ˫ȣ·ֻ̫û·ˣѾ·̬·ŤŤǳŤ
裬ô£ŵʵΪʲôͻȻ·ˣ̫ɲ˼ˡ
ǺǣСκõģСղˣҴһƿƵҩˮҺ֮󣬾͸е˫Ծˣ㿴ڣѾ·ˣֻҪٻָһʱ䣬ҿ϶ܹһһģһ·Ц˵ϳϲ
ַ磿ַģƴ˵ζӡ
û뵽£ַ绹Ϊβû뵽׵˫ȣȻıκˡ
Ƶ˫ͻȻʪˣһĸжһʹĻһΪԼȥഺҲΪԼѾİ顣


ҳַͻȻҲȫޣƵѡֻʧȴҲ顣
ڻȥ·ϣַĽӵƵĵ绰
лл绰ﴫѹֵ
ַһ㶣ܿףлʲô˵ѣӦġ
ƳĬˣһ֮˵ģԶٷ
һֵַĬˣַԥ֪ԼòȥȻѾܣѾעԵ޷֣Ҫȥ
˰ɣҸԼҲݵòǳնϰɡ
ַöע⣬˵ˣѾȥˣ´ΰɡ
绰ͷ¶һ˿Ц˵һã͹Ҷ˵绰
ַ绰̾һ
Ů֮䣬ѾʱҲѱ档
ַոֻڶ绰ִ˽ʾ绰ǹ鳤Զġ
ַ֪磬׼ұˡ
Ŷ׼Ű裬£ַ΢΢һЦ˵
һҲ⡣
ַƽ˵һɣҲ̫⣬׼ҳ˶ˣҾ͹ţ类Ϣ⡣
ԶĬˣͻȻЦһ˵û뵽û뵽һǿˣû
仰˵ûͷûβĪַȴеǱ̨ʡ
ַķӦڰԶϣԶû뵽ַȫΣַڵķӦԶְٷ֮ʮİգ׼𣬿϶ַĪĹϵ㲻ַԶ֣Ҳַ˶ˡ
Ϊַ׼ұʱķӦ̫ˣֱ׵ĸ߰Զ׼ҾǱġ
ַˣҪ͸¶Ϣɹ
ͬʱֱַӵĲڳ֤ݣûܹ֤׼ҵ飬ַйء
鳤ˣ۹⻹ǺϬģп۵ʱ򰡡ַЦ˵
˵˰ܸܲҰ׼ҾôģԶȻյ˰׼ұϢΪ׼һʡһĹ֪ϢҲǳޣ֪е顣
鳤֪ô֪أ׼ұϢǰ鳤ҵءֻ⣬ַȻǲ˵أ˵Ǿȫĳϣ׼ҵİԼģ
ԶһЦһﻹ治öԸ
ԶҲ֪ȥҲʲʲô˼֮󣬾͹˵绰
ôʲô𣿡ʻһӣͦһơƶǣ٣ǽʡ־ֳ
ٳ֣ʵΪȰԶҪһ۲۵ĵ쾳ĲΪĹߡ
׼ұİӣǽڹеĴӣһҹ֮׼ҵϵȫа֣ʮ켶֣ߴϰˡ
˰֮ڹ͹Ҹ߲޴𶯣ֱܵ£һҪ࣬Ҫ˭֡
˴İӣ𶯣Ҳǿ֪ǾΪ̫̫ǿҶֱƵ̫ɲҪʧ
ӣصĹڲ鰸ĹУҲǱһٵҪСĽԲɳ©
ֳʻԶҡҡͷЦ˵жϣһܻͷûһ滰̽ʲôõϢǡ
ʲôֳüͷʵ
Զ˵һڰ׼ҵƺһҲԾҲԾĵط²Ǻйأͨʲô;Ѿ֪˷ڰ׼ҵ顣
йأֳʵ
׼ҵİ̫ˣֳ޷һA߾Ȼܹ뵽У̫˼ˡ
ѵһģ뵽
˵׼ôİӣԲַģַ˰׼ң׼׷ɱַ飬ҲģַҲǻַһԭǰīȥҹַ磬ȴ飬Ļûǰīùɵַϡ
ܹ飬϶ŲͬѰֶΣȻֵûɵĵطȻҲͽе顣
Զ˵ԾҲоַйأǸǵĵ飬ַ粢û뿪أڽ컹ȥһƽУ׼ҵ飬йأҲġ
ֻһ˵䣬Ǹң׼ҾǱģҶ㲻ôˡ
Ҳҡҡͷ̾һ˵ɣ鵽ӲǷϽƲ˰Ҳ޹أϰװ鰸ʱҲҪСģðûô򵥣Ҫײ֣жԶܶԶС壬ɾԲֵĶְ
⻰һ㶼٣׼һҹ֮䱻ɱ֣ʮ켶֣ܹȰӵģǾ֣ǹ־֣Ҳûֲε֡
ֳİɣֲɵһ꣬ɵµġ˵һỰԶŸȥ
Զȥ绰ܲ㱨˰ӵĵչм˵һϱ˹ȥַص㻳ɶ
ղ˵ģӲǷϽЭ飬ҲϱҪ飬ȴǲܵ飬Ҫƣ͵ܲɡ
ַ֣״ν߲С
׼ҵ𣬴ӰԶԶˣڰе֣ҲѰ֣׼ұϾҲ֮һǹһӣҲ񣬰䱨
ֻڶ֮Уȴĵ֣Ҳ֪ڴʲô⣬ɣȻȭڣӥȡ


312 ڤ
׼ҵַһңٳȥһǱڵ
һֻص죬ַÿоµĹȻʱȥ޽Ǳ
ħʹóǱ޽ٶȿޱȣһӾ͸ǺãǼޱȵʯͷӣˮȸҲһһơ
ڴڼ䣬ҴѾפڳǣ⻹иׯҲ½İǨ֮С
ַڻҪ£ǴֱװγǱԭĳǱϲҲԭһ䡣
ַĹ滮УǱڹ½ŵݵأҲԺʵļɢأڻʲôȵԺϣǾõͶ
һ죬ʱ䣬ս൱ֹ˾Ÿ£˾Ÿµоַоɹһµڤ뷨š
ô˷ԳڿͬʱҲص龧⣬˵Ľ龧⡣
ַһĹ⣬ڻý
µĹڤĻϸĽţԳ׵õĲ龧⣬ַ罫˷ų֮Ϊڤ
ڤĳɹַĪģֲַˣڤȻ龧Ĳ⣬ڤ̫ˣͨڤֻǽ龧⣬˷ַͬӵơ
ַȻİڤţȴֻǸĳͨȻﲻʣַŸĽķ˵ʲôҲҪһ£ܸġ
ڤĳɹվһܴĽַһƻҲԿʼ
ַȥһ˶ǣҵ
ַ⣬ȵ˵Ҫħѧͽ
ħʦȻǻѧͽģһԽ䵱ɵһҲԽ䵱ʹãܶͨˣħѧͽȴԳΪħʦܺõ֡
ַͷ˵ǵģҪһЩΪ£ӦҲ֪һЩ飬֮ǰΪƲҩҪ֣ҪܣҪһħѧͽΪ¡
֮ǰӶħѧͽֻʱߣ⣬ûԼԣûʲôԿԡַħѧͽǺͬڽԼ֮ǰ뿪ŸǿԼԡ
ַ˼ֱʵôˣѧͽʲôҪ𣿡
ַ룬һָ˵û̫ҪҪҪֻһ㣬ҪõƷ£ҿɲһȺǡ
¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ҪǳҲĺˣ󲿷ѧͽԼģǾԻõİ֡
Ȼòˡ˶٣ַ˵õƷ֮⣬һмСҪ󣬵һ䲻̫Ҳ̫С1830֮䣬ȻʣԷſһЩ
ڶ㣬Ǳˣ˶Ǿ͸òˣҿǵļһչˡ׵ĳҲҪѡݡ
ڵ㣬㿴дݹӶԼɣµҪ棬û˾ͿԼˡ
ַдõһԼ˹ȥ
ԼϸԼݣһ
ȻһƵЧԼһͬԼݣ͵ڰԼ°뱲ӣַ編ʦ
ƵԼѾ൱ĴˣֻͨƽϣħѧͽԶǰ;пܳΪħʦĴڣǲͬԼģ꣬ʮ꣬ڿԽܷΧڣõĻӳʮ꣬ƣǲܵ顣
ֻüͷûַʦȻҪ󣬿϶Ҳ趨ӦĴĻûĸħѧͽͬҪġ
ȻڽУٴο˾˵Ϣ
ַĴرãҲͱһطԺһЩеһȴľ
ַעṩħʦĻᣬȻдĺܼ򵥣Ǳ֤ħʦħʦѧͽջ
ҲĪȤ
ţַṩܹʵ֣ҽħʦĻᣬһʲôĻ᣿ڶ೤ʱڣܹħʦ
ꣿꣿʮꣿĻʲô壬ֽʲôᡣ
ַ翴ɻ΢΢һЦóһö£ķŵϡ
һöħʦ£ħʦЭ䷢ַħʿݡ
ħʿһŵĿַ硣
Ҳ벻ַȻѾΪһλħʿˡ
죬Ļ˵ĽͰͣѾŵĿڲԡ
ӦϳˣѾħʿڴسǽġַЦ˵
Żعʶַħʿ̡֮ĽһԾվַ繧Ľеħʿ£ҡҡ
Ҳ֪µĻǽŵģ״ħʿĸ߽׷ʦʧִ硣
ַ糯֣Ц˵ţʲôú˵
ִٵЦЦһȶſ˵ϲַ編ʦ£ɹħʿ
ҶѡַЦŵͷ
ң
¶һ˿ЦħʦĽʲôңĸԼʵȥģⲻַµĿ˵ɲҵ档
ַºŶʮɣʮħʿ̫˲ء
ȵȶʮꣿ
ͻȻŹֵؿַ磬ʮħʿûиأ½жʮħʿ
ַڶħʦЭħʦ鿴еϣȻַ֪䡣
ȥ鿴ַϣᾪ㵵ķַ֣Ѿȫĵַʮ꣬ħʦĵصҲ˴سǣǶǡ
Ϊ˲й¶ַʵϣħʦЭļ¼͵͵ĸģ֪µֻжħʦЭʽħʦҲй¶κϣַʧ֪˲࣬ʵ䣬֪
ַͷ˵Լ֪ͺˣϣҪҵ˵ȥ
Ͻ˵İɣһֶ˵ġ
ַ΢Ц˵㣬ĻҲæˡ
˶٣ַ˵ˣйƸħѧͽ飬㻹ʲô𣿡
ûУŶһһ⡣ҡҡͷ͵ĵͷѾûʣһλħʿ϶ԼϵҪ󣬵ȴһ⡣
ַһۣСĵʵģҾҲƸҪҲ𣿡
Ȼһλʮħʿζʲô֪ԼǧѷĻˣһλħʿߣĻᣬΪ˻ᣬǩҲԸġ
ǧѷ꣬βС
ַ΢΢һЦͷº͵˵Ȼû⣬ֻ»ί㡣
ίίæҡͷǺޱȣħʿ߻ίĻϾûʲô飬вίˡ
ʵ磬ֻҪ㹻ʵд»һɣ֣ʵ̫ˡ


313 թ
ַֽһЩעϽȥˡ
µЧʷǳ죬Сʱ䣬Ͱʮһħʦѧͽ˹
СʽħʦֻλħʦѧͽҲ̫࣬ʮ˶ѣܹʮһѧͽѾܲˡ
û͸¶ַħʿϢЩħѧͽΪַһħʦҲֻʮһ˵ԭҪǱ֪ħʿƸѧͽԻ䶯ħѧͽֻһȴΥַĳԡ
ַħʿݣҪƸħѧͽͲȱ֣һעӵĿ⣬ַԸ͵Ĵ£ԼҲԸ棬汼ߴ¡
ַλ͵ħʦеħѧͽվҳȻǵҲǳĽš
ħʦܹõƵĴܹħʦָ㣬ҲиĻʽħʦҲħѧͽǣӵбħʦԭ
ȻַЩ̣ǳŵĽħʦĻᣬҲǺܴϣǵҪ󲢲̫ߣֻҪַܹɳŵǽħʦ㹻ˡ
ħѧͽħʦ֮䣬ֻһ˫ʵ͵λȴԨ֮һƽһǹ壬еĲˡ
ʽħʦĽҲǳѣɹļʲʮ֮һرЩƽӹħѧͽĳɹʣҲ͸ˡ
˵ʵڻϵȵħѧͽͱķʦΪˣܹ⣬ҪԼԼħѧͽЩƽӹ֮ǽʽħʦĻᲢ̫ԼҲĲ㣬ǷǳϧһѵõĻᡣ
ȻǶԼеĽᣬǣǳڶһħʦΣжţǻǸŹˡ
Щ飬вޡ
ַĿ˵һһɨʮһħѧͽдС϶ַҪֻǣλүǲ̫һ㣬ѵûгʮꣿ
ַ罫Ŀ⿴Լ͡
ַĿ⣬æ͵ַ編ʦλǽ˴үȻѾʮ꣬һ൱ǵħѧͽУˡ
Ľ̶ַֺͣõЦЦ
ʵϣƽħѧͽȱȽǣһԽħʦ磬ֿΪħʦԾһɳ죬ǿ֣һֱֵϡ
ȻǵΪһֱħѧͽ磬ǻԽãյļҲԽ࣬־
һֱרע־ȻħʦвֵһᣬħѧͽУȴһָ
ַͷĬ˽˵ļ롣
ַɨһַۣĿɨˣ̧ͷͦأֳԼһ档
ַ绺˵λܹȻѾ֪飬ĻͲٶ˵ˣֻܸλԼϵ飬Զʵŵġ
ҿԸλһᣬһħʦĻᣬͬʱҪλΪ£Ƶģ˭ɻ󣬿ֱȥĻԺٷڣٺ٣ɾͱĺˡ
˶һݡ
ַƬ̣ûʣ뿪˵λѾѡˣλһΣҶλҪܼ򵥣£ֻҪλһ㣬ұ֤λֺλһԶǰ̡
ַͷ˵ôҾͲ˵ϻˣһʱȻ·һȥҵķʦסˣѼҲһϡ
мˣʹǣңͬʱҲ֤ףȶĵãȻһԭ򣬼Ҳʵĺ塣
ַ˵˸뿪ֻ
ַ㱨Щ˵Щħѧͽ϶Ǳˣףûʲô⡣
ַҲûж⣬ϾԼºܵ͵ħѧͽ棬˵ע⣬ڶ̶̵ʱڣͱڼ
ο㰲Ҳûãħ磬ķ̫ˣżĿԼΪ㡣
ȻⲢ˵ûڼ飬㹻棬˳һС
ڶ죬ӽʱŴ˵˺Ҵ壬ȻԱĴ·£ǰǱ
ڰɽϵĳǱȻһ⻹һοַ޽ĳǱ
ڳǱַӼˣʮһħѧͽˣҴ˸Եļˣǵĺַʾ⣬ΪرڳÿһλħѧͽһöҵĽ
ħѧͽ˵һöңѾһʲƵľ޿ģǶַʹͣȻҲ൱⡣
Ժ󽫻ַ£˭ҲϣԼϰ壬λĹ
˽ַ֮ſʼ¡
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ַɨڳһۣ΢Ц˵ӦҲҪἸ򵥵⣬ϣܹϡ
ħѧͽǶҪû飬ħʦӶѧͽʱ򣬶һ飬ַ粢ǵһôˡ
ַ˵˭
ɡҧҧһվ
ַͷַ֮˼򵥵⣬ҲǳԼԼĿģ⼸ȴܹؼֱܹжϳԷǷ⡣
Ļشû⣬ͨԡ
˵ڶվ˳ַ˼ͬ⣬һһشû⣬˳ͨԡ
ĸһֱ˳һֱ߸ʱַͻȻüͷһ壬оԼͷڶԷϵĴƺЩ̫ԾַԼĸо̼ǿӴ˴ߵȡ
žļǿԷͻȻһ죬ȻֲַԾĸоʧ˳Ĵ˶Է
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̫ϧˣַѾħʦΪʵľ˶Էϵ쳣ƻթ£ʹʧȥЧ
ַüͷʵʲô֣
ҽвĪ
ǶǱ𣿡ַʵ
ǵģǶˡ
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ַʣţ˵ϣ϶ʲôѰܣַŪȥܰġġ


314 ڰʦ
թ¿һѵõĺöԱ󲿷ֵľħ˺һƭʩߡʹΪԼѾɹڹؼһ̣ٷһ
թҲоԣʩߵʵ߹̫թµãҲᱻ޷Ч
ַһʽħʦôöթѾЧǺܿϧַħʿö£һöһȵթ£ַĸӦթʧܡ
ȻԷʧˣַȻһ˿أթ¿ɲһħװϸûг֣ѰħʦҲŪթ£ΪթеһϣֻΣյĵų˵мУ򲻵ģܹӵթµˣ϶ǳ򵥡
ַҲЩ棬һħѧͽӵһöթµģ
ʱ򲢲üΪħѧͽڿַֻܰողŵģʽ˼򵥵⡣
Щ֮У״̬£λħѧͽĴ𰸣༸ҲǱˣףƺʲô⡣
ҲҪǱϾҳʲôǲˡ
ַ˶ĴߣλħѧͽζЦЦ
ɫԵ쳣Ĳ԰ס
ȻѾ֪ԼթʧȥЧԼѾ¶ˡ
ַʣħѧͽµ˶ûм⣬ҲûٴηթµĴڡ
ƣЦ˵ϲǶͨβԣڿȥϢһˣԺٽʽǩԼˣһ°ɡ
һϲֻǶַҪоЩ֣̲סɻĿ⣬
ɫְһ֣˶촽ʲôҲ˵
ȵ뿪ַĿһۣ˵ڻʲô˵𣿡
ǿЦЦ˵ַ編ʦҪ˵ʲô
ַĿ⽥Ӧ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҸһμϣϧ
ҡҡ죬ɫ԰ףͷ󺹣ֻϧȴʲôҲ˵
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ȻԼ˵Ǿͱʹôˡ
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ַѯУԼ֪һһĽ
ʮ꣬ڶһС˼ͥΪħʣʼѧϰħѾʮĸͷ
ǿϧǣʲãûзʦӵΪͽֻѧħе鼮Ͳ϶ҪԼǮ
ħƷǷǳģѧͽ鼮Ҳһܹͥģħѧϰķ˼еʲԽԽΪ˶ӵǰ;ĸǼֹѧϰħ
һתۣѾʮˣĲãʮû̫ɫʽħʦƺңңڡ
ħѧͽҲӵ׬ǮŬ£𽥵ĺ
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Ҫ˵ĻҲ
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ˣⲢʲô䣬һԵ׷ħ׷١
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ַ˳˳ˮ̫ˣķ֮ģѾʧȥˡ
ַһܿͰİȥȻѾôڰҲûã֮ǺúҪôܽ⡣
ַϸоϵ׷ħһڰԵ׷ħǳޣҪַ֪⣬ϸϣܲ鿴׷ħĴڡ
ڰħڹ½һֽɵĴڣǲɷϣڰħǿԪħʤһͬ׵ķʦսڰʦĻʤʣϡ
˹ϵħܹƺڰħ֮⣬ħڰħ൱Կ
Ժڰħַûз׷ħҲûеġ
Ƭַ̺ȴһڰԵ׷ħȻޣǵȼߣʩչħˣҲᳬħʿľ磬ڱħʿҪͣпֻһλħʦ
ֵĵȼӦûԼߣַһ
ȻڰʦԪطʦǵȼĲ࣬һħʵֲܹģַаɱԷȻǰǣַԷֻһħʦ
ַȻһ˼Ȼͷ׷ħѣԷûܷģԻ͵͵ĸں
ԣԷһٹ
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ǲ鿴ȴַϣûз쳣ѵԷû׷ٹ
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ַ뵽һֿܣԷܿǴһַ״̬Ѱ⾵ҲԷӰ
Ѱ⾵Ԫزɨ跶ΧڵƷģԷܹϵԼϵԪزȻҲܹ㿪Ѱ⾵顣
Ԫزķʲô˲飬ܶ෨ʦԸĻһ㣬ֻƽʱûҪôѡ
һĵĺڰʦҪȥԼϵԪزѡ
ַͻһʣӰĻ
ӰĻϵмħܹڶʱڽԼתΪĻ״̬Ļ״̬¿ԻΪһɵĲױ˲İӰӶܹӰ֮пƶ
ӰĻƶ٣ܹӰﲻ˲ҪǣĻ״̬£ɢһԪز
ӰĻҲǺڰʦǰڣõĸħ֮һ
Էʹ˰ӰĻôѰ⾵鿴ټҲͷǳˡ
ӰĻļڵᣬӦòд
ַһ͵ɢΧɨһȦûзֶԷټһҪǱԷϢĿԼɾΣˡ
ַֿЦһϹˣǷʦܵʦħıԷʩչİӰĻҲϢġ
ֻµˣԷʩչ˰ӰĻԼָôҳ
ӰĻָôƽ⣿


315 ڰ
ӰĻŵܶ࣬ȱȴҲ٣ֻҪҶ㣬Ǻƽġ
ӰĻһ㣬¹⡣
ֹ¹ô򵥣ֱǼȻһĹûõģҲҪһ̶ϵǿ⣬ƽⰵӰĻȥĻ״̬ȻҲܹӰ
ַѾ⣬˫˳ȻֳѰ⾵˫Ͽա
߶Ȳ̫ߣʮ׾㹻ˡ
˫ַʮ׵ĸ߿գַ߾ٷȣһ⣬ԽԽ͵ıȥ·һɫС̫һ㣬Χء
ϵħ׹
׹ʱǳݣֻά̶̵ֶһӣһӣѾ㹻ˣڴ׹ΧڣܹƳԷİӰĻ
ַѰ⾵ٴβ鿴Ѱ⾵ϣȻһ㣬ɫǿȣֹȻǺڰʦȼǴħʦ硣
ڶֵķλҲѾѰ⾵ϡ
ַ˫𣬳ŶԷڵظ˹ȥ
һҪڶԷٴʧǰץ
˫ȻеʱϢǴģеĿô󣬺׾ͱ˷ֵġ
˫𣬹ȻԷˡ
ڴʱַҲ˶ԷӰ
һɫ۵淨ʦԷݣǴӶԷӦһԷʦ
ڰʦҲ̷ַӰͻȻŤһ£Ϊһɺŵٷˡ
ٶȷǳ죬нŵ棬۸ͲĴڣܿͰˡ
ַϽ鿴еѰ⾵Ѱ⾵ϴڰʦĹڿƶȻΪûԪزԶѰ⾵׷١
ַҲϳ˶ԷʹõħǺڰʦİӰ֮Իܣһʵõļܡ
Ӱ֮ƶٶҪȰӰĻˣǰӰ֮ħķǳ󣬼ܳ־ʹãһͰӰĻȿɾͲˣҪ֪ӰĻֻʩչʱһħתΪĻ֮Ͳħʵãҽʡħ
Ӱ֮Ȼħ󣬵ƶٶȴ൱죬˵ǿԷǳߣ׶ԷĲ鿴òˡ
ֻλڰʦҲ벻ַоȻѰ⾵ֱӳѰ⾵鷶ΧǰΡ
Ӱ֮ƶٶȷǳ죬ַ˫Ȼ׷ˣ˫ľĲ󣬶ԷҪ˦ַ磬ȴҲǲܵ顣
һ׷һӣܿܳʮ·̡
Ӱ֮ƶٶ治Ǹǵģ˫շУȻҲ׷һֱڹΧ֮⣬ʹַҲ޷ħԷ
ַʱҲżӰ֮ħǷǳ޴ģԶԷܷԷħԺľʱ򣬿ԷʲôԼ
ַ粻żڰʦżģַ֪Ӱ֮ħ̫ˣ֮һħѾһˣڵȥԼħľʱ򣬿»ûаѶԷ
Уȥˡ
ڰʦһ̽˰Ӱ֮ͻΪΣж˸ںķȣ׼ʩչħ
ڰʦʩٶȷǳ죬ǸԼһɫħܣȻʩչħٻһֻȫȴһƥýͷʿ
ֻͷʿվ˺ڰʦǰ·һöŵܣѺڰʦ
ڰʦҲΰַϷɣڵܣǿٻħٻͷʿʱͷʿѾ޷ӹãֻǰܵá
ͷʿոճ֣˫ͽ˹ΧַһףͳŶԷ˹
ڰʦǳ׼ƶһǰͷʿͬת壬ַŵֵ
ͷʿؿڴһ齹ڵĺۼǺȻ˺ͷʿڽʬӵкǿĿͷʿķħɱ
ʱ򣬺ڰʦĹħ׼ϣһɫӷȷַ˹
ڰħʴ֮
ַ粻Ҵ⣬̳һ滤ܣʴ֮˻滤ܣ˵һ죬滤ܱһȦȻûжˣַһԷĹ̫ǿ
ǺܿģַͶ˸ղŵ뷨Ϊڻ滤ܱеĵطʱðḷ́һƴĺɫӡڸڻ滤ϣҲϵĸʴŻϵѻճһ
ַɫһ䣬𣬺ڰʦһħʴ֮ӵкǿĸʴԡ
ʴ֮ĸʴЧַѾˣǻڻ滤ϣҲиʴһڻˣҪǴ˵Ͽ»ģһķǳҡ
ҲǺڰħһɫЧرǿҳ˺ر
ԺڰʦһҪǳСġ
ַӴħϻһʴĴ󶴣ָ̻糣
ָʴЧʹõ״̬УɢĻȻ滤֮УʴҲ֮ػӶ𺦡
ַȻ鷢̽ϵĶɢ
ڵֵԷͬʱַһٷȣһſŻͷʿ˹ȥ
Ըʬ׵Ч
ַʩչһ˲Ϣ֮䣬гɴĻͷʿϣĻ棬ͷʿƤ
ڰʦ䣬ͷʿ޹ģľȣ³һڡ
һڹ⣬ַ֮ͷϣһڹ⣬ڹһ䣬ַϡ
ڰ䣬
ַҡҡͷͻȻо쳣ƣҹػо۵òУǳۣƺеķҲٲˣĺſ˯
ʱַԺеǿŽɫˮһ⣬ַϵƣУ̱һɨա
ǿŽɫˮһʥħƬھħźǿĵֿԣϾһ־ħԼоƣӶá
ΪԾʩչ䣬ܵƬĵֿƬƳ
ַĿڰʦĿдɫ
ղŲһҪ﷭ˣȻҲά̫ʱ䣬һַ״ֻ̬мӵʱ䣬㹻Ը׼ֶΣɱԼˡ
Լһ˶Էһ̵Ļᡣ
ĻᣬԼٸˡ
ַ֮ðһŻ棬潫ַһһ㣬䱣
ڰʦһ˿𾪻һ˿ʧַ֪ƽģַĳɹǡ֤ʧܣҲʧȥһηΪʤĻᡣ
ûϵԼֶΣлʤĻᡣ
ڷʦģȻֵַʱ֪Լˣ֪Լˣ֪Լ鷳ˡ
鷳ԼǺڰʦģȥҪһΪԼĻ·һ


316 ս
ڰħȻַһСľͲĵ﷭
ٹھԵʵǰҲһǴ
ַ翪ܺͻףȻ˲ϢͷʿҲϮµĻһԵĳźڰʦȥ
һ죬ںڰħϣħ̳ƣûȷܸԭڶŻһ죬ڰħܱ򱬣Ż֮Ϯһ죬壬ķѡ
ַʧ̾һԭץڣȴû뵽ԷǿȴŻˣץڡ
ַ˫Ȼûץڣַ翴ԷϴŴָ߿Դеõ
ַ羫һɨһŻԣҵһضָָϴһöָöָ
ַŽָһ㣬ǽָָȥѪۣȵ䵽ַϡ
ַŽָͶУ鿴ָڵ
öָ̫󣬲ףȴ˶ַϸһϣ̴һȻһѵĲϣҶϡеϡ
һָĲֵܼԹƣ˵Ǽֵǡ
ַҺʹָеƷһȽϣ̱һ
̫ˣһħʦôӵңӵҲûӵôϰָеĺܶϣǮ򲻵ƷħʿħʦŪû뵽ȴĴָС
ַһ֮ʱӰʦǿűըɵͷ­۾Ŀַ磬һƻɫ˫ת˲ַ
ԣ̸ַоԼǰһڣȵعԼѾվԼС
ַһԼ磬Ժܿϳ
ַĲԶƯһž޴ĺɫϷ𽥵۳һĶħͷ­
ͷ­ֲޱȾ޴ޱȣ·һСɽַǰһĪĿ־УַȻ
ٺٺ٣ˣˡħЦֲЦ綼𶯵ĲڿֲЦУ޴ĺħַ˹
ַһţϳħʲôˣĺڰʦַ粻֪ʲô飬ַһ˹֪롣
ħϮַѾ·ӣܵĶźħһָһ̳źħ˹ȥ
ںħϣħ̷ҽУ֮󣬾޴ͷ­ԵСһ֡
Ƕħ̫ˣһ˿΢Сı仯ͬޣǾ޴ĺħٴ˹
ַȴһ˿Ȼףռսʵʵ޶ʣڱһġ
ʵҪħʩչħ磬ȴĻʩչܣӼ򵥣ûôƣֻҪ㹻κμܶʩչ
磬һнпܣֻҪõģһжԳ֡
ִڣʵģʱģʵűʵ
ͺַھͿʩչħʦʹõĽ䣬ֽ䲢ʵֻһ̬ģ⣬߱ʵսĴСġ
ȻֻСģ̬ĺûҲӳɣͺͬһˣǺ㶨ģʹõȭͬȻҲͲͬ
һĹֶΣܹУܣ¡
ڰʦȻĳֻطַܹ磬һΪ͵Ķħͷ­Ŷħͷ­ӵĪܡ
ַһȼĻԼĺϳһ˫˫һ̰𣬶ǿźħķȻһ
ַ粻֪žͷ­ʲôһֱԲܱͷ­һ£˫һߡ
ߣٺ٣ӵȥħЦַ׷ȥȴ׷Ĳʱ򲢲ַܡ
ַüͷһ壬иоãз򣬶ԷôĪԭַҲŶԷĺŹԼ
ַһ߷Уһ߹۲Էһ֮£ַ̿ߣԷֻħȻ𽥱ÿǰһξ룬ͱһ֣ΪÿαĹ̶̫ҪַϸţԷֲ쳣
粢ԽʹԽǿַޱҲޱСı仯壬ӰĴС
ǺԵģŶħͷ­Ǳ仯޴󣬶ľͣͷ­ԽҲԽǿͷ­Ҳ𽥱ǿ
ַһݣѹֶԷŹԼԭԵ޹ӣ
ַһ߶ܣһ߹۲죬ֿԭħһ߷Уһ߲ŭʵڲ£ÿһһ֮䣬ͷ­ͻһ֡
ַѧҲһڣ¸ͺ޷ӦһҲûС
ǶԷĳطַ粻оϣ޷Էһ㣬
ַ˽̫ˣͶԷȣ֪Ĳ񣬳Ծ˿ͷ
ַȴȻŭ˸ڵģԼ磬ԼսûԷԼȴһġ
԰ԼսԼ磬ҲӦԼŶ԰ûԿԼʹԼԼȴʹò
ַ練ԣǺ޶Ȼַ粻аأԼҲ޷á
ˣȥˣʱϵԽãԺħԽԼսپ
ַУȴһ˹ȥںħϣһǺħʱСһ֡
ǺħᣬЦ˲Цһż¡
аǲаֻħУ繥κβǴûյ࣬⣬ȵ㹻ʱַڡ
ַͣ¹˼Ƭַ̺΢΢һЦּ̧䣬׷ľ޴ͷ­һɫ
ʱǾ޴Ķħͷ­ǰһ룬ϸСĽħͷ­ЦһͳŽҧ˹ȥ
ССͲһҧȥҧ顣
ֻϧֻħͷ­ȴȫ⵽ǽڷ;Ȼһ䣬һֻɫӥɫӥ˫һ𣬶㿪ħҧϣӶħͷ­߷𣬷֮ʱǶԸֵһצŶħϺݺһץץѪۡ
һޱȣħͷ­̷ҽС
ûأɫӥڿһתٴγŶħͷ­ݺ£Ȼ׼һ
ַ΢΢һЦٴһ㣬һ˳ȥһȴɫǻ콣ٰգȻһ䣬һֻɫİ񣬳Ŷħͷ­˹ȥ


317 ħһ
ֻɫİޱȣĶ㿪ħͷ­ҧڿħͷ­˲䣬ȻΪһŻݺݵĴڶħͷ­ϣһУ̶ߣͲħͷ­Ļᡣ
ո뿪ֻɫӥ̸£ڶħͷϵϿֻڷԾ֮ڶħͷ­ϣѪۡ
ʲôٻ𣿡ħͷ­ŭ޴ͷ­ЩɵСް취
ַ΢΢һ£Ŷħͷ­ٴηһһɫĽǽڿпǰȻȻһ䣬һֻɢİɫŸֻɫŸӵкܹһħͷ­
ַ粻ϵķÿһǽͻΪһֻÿһֻ񶼸ӵвͬԣͬķʽҲɲͬ
ԽԽ࣬ձһֻʽ񣬲ϵĹħͷ­
ֻÿһֻǳÿһڶħͷ­˺һֻ񲻶Ϲ̰Ѿ޴Ķħͷ­Ѫ졣
ħͷ­вֹЩޱȣҰֻ޼䣬޴ͷ­ЩСͺް취
ַ翴Ŷħͷ­Ĳ΢΢һЦ󶨣һɲһ㣬ǵϵĹŴšԽ񣬽ԻΪ԰Уޱȡ
ַ뵽ŹԻģ⣬Ȼɹʩųˡ
ַõĹУģȴͨ׶ģֻҪΪˣ˭ʹһַԻģ⣬ܹõЧԲʹŹ԰֮ɱ֡
ǰʵǽΪħͷ­ˣҲֵסĹ
ϹǶħͷ­ȴðް취̲ΣҲܰĹֱַ˹ȥ
ħͷ­ȻҲˣͲܹӦģȥһɾҪƴһ
ħͷ­һҲ˲ϰĹҲ˲ŭٶȳַȥ
ħͷ­Ȼȫٶ㣬ܵٿ׷ַ硣
ַҲսһֱжܣֻưٵΪ͵ĽϵĹԷ
ַдḷ́ħͷ­ǰĶ֣ͿʤԷȻܹʤֺαðսս
ħͷ­Ҳ벻Ƭʱ䣬ʽѾŤתղżȴַ粻żˡ
ֻҪȥǶħͷ­ɡ
˫Ȼ뵽Ǹַ΢΢һЦħͷ­ȴǾ֡
ааȥˣҪˣְɣʱˣٲ֣ˡ
뵽ħͷ­ԥȻһħͷ­Ȼըը÷飬ڱը֮УһӰһţתۼ䣬ǺӰַϡ
ַһ˵ץˣץˣˡ
̸ַоһ䣬һҲĿȨ
ַ׹ǶԷħͷ­Էħͷ­Ϊ۷طڴط֮£˵;һ˫˭Ҳ޷ܣֻܽпֱһΪֹʤ߽ԻöԷһС
սǲпᣬҲΪףǺڰʦսֶΣʱ̣ǲᶯõģһãҲʹʤһ̲
˵꿪ʼսʱַΪħʿʾַ߳ԷһľΪûжԸļɣҲȵѹƶԷҿʼ
ڰʦ꣬ҲʼʶԼݾʼʶԼڻ
ҲģҲġ
ǵ귢ʵŭȻһ䣬¶֮ȼջ棬֮Է֮ǻὫԼͬʱҲѺԼһֶַͬΣȻ޷ʤǾͬھ
ַɫһ䣬Ѿо˻£ɻ꣬һܻ
֮ǺڰʦյָͲƽֻܴ֮Ż棬Լ
ַȻһ̾û뵽ԼһħʦС
Ȼͬھ˾ˣǲһģ޹ؽҪ
ʱһ绮ǵַͷΪһŽɫˮɫˮɢɫϼɫϼַϣ̰ѶԷϵ֮Ϩ
ַ翴˽ɫˮһۣ̾ϳʥħƬƬΪַܵΣգԶסܣϨ
һַΣԶ
ΣȻƬûʧǲϵķ⣬ַС
ַһ̷ԷڰʦԭͲַĶ֣ټϱգûãͱַ糹
ڰʦ걻֮󣬻ΪһſźɫƬЩƬԱַգܹ׳ַܹնԷеļ䡣
ʱɫƬһ£ЩɢƬУðһɺӰµƬ̱һſŰɫ͸Ĵڡ
Щɫ͸ĴѾ޳˺ڰԪأǴԱַգõĻᱻڰħȾ
ַҲû뵽ƬȻ˹Ч
ҲҿеƬĴڣĻַѾͶԷͬھˣ㲻ͬھԷĺڰҲַµΣ
Σַ̽ɢƬһһŵոɾ
ЩƬѾõÿһƬַǿһ֣ȵȫϣַ֮ǿʮһ
ҪԲԶǿ󣬳ܹЧֵ͵Ĺ֮⣬ܹǿӦãʹþܻ
ڻͬʱַ绹˶Էһּ䣬ϧԷ֮ķգһּѾȱʧʧˣ󲿷ֵļ仹Ǳַˡ
ַ̲鿴еļ䣬һ֮£ַһڰʦȻ壬ڵصħ֮һеħ֮һħһó֮˲ħ֮
ħһ˿࣬˿Ҳʮ˶ѣħһħ֮Ҳ⣬ûʲôħһ塣
Ϊħһó֮ǲǰѲ֮ʱת꣬Ͷֽж֮սܶɹĶֿ϶ˣΪɹˣʹֵ걻ħһƣʧܣǾȼ꣬Ͷͬھ
ַ佻֣ѲᣬҪַеƬַڶѾͬھˡ
Ȼħһ깥ûƽķֻһѣħ֮УܹҲûмûʲôȥħһ塣
֪Էݣ̴ַһصħǧǰͱµ磬ʲôʱطˣ


318 صħ
ַжļǳ棬ʱ򲢲ʺϼȡ䣬ַϵĴ˳
ǰһڣһʱѾص
ַվԭزΧսĻѾϨȻղŵ֮սǻЩʱ䡣
ַ罫ֳʰһû©һŲص˷ʦ
˷ʦػַŰĵļ鿴Ժ»õļ䡣
һֺĸоͺ񿴵Ӱһһ˵һڶʱȫ鿴һ飬Ȼһ˵ļޱӴ󣬵ڹۿʱٶȺܿ죬·ǰȴܹĿеݣҽμǡ
ַ翴ʱ䣬ǰСʱʱ䣬Ͱ鿴
ڹ½ĵ֮£һӴĵ磬ޱߣ˵ȹ½ҪӴ类ħͳΣҲ½֮Ϊصħ硣
ڵصħϢǳ٣Ǵ˵صħһƶ֮أΪħǳ࣬صħŵ緢νֻÿһζϻ˵ص硣
ڰʦᡤҿϣڵصħ壬ħһˡ
ħһǵصħʮ֮һóһܹ֮󣬶ݵ壬Ӷؼ꣬һּΪµ壬ħ֮УҲûжħһ塣
ʹ˵е㲻һصħ粢ƶ񤣬˵ḻָĶֲ鲼磬رǵϡȱĸʯ;ʯڵصħ˵˾ռߡ
һ㣬ֺʹ˵һģһصħķǳ࣬Ϊصħطǳ⣬Ĵ󲿷ֲﶼжأЩޱȣħ壬ʳҲΣա
ħȻһħ֣ʵҲһֻȣҪӵĹһЩʹõǺڰűΪħ塣
ܹȻʳЩжֲģҲֻЩ̬ħޣǲڵص簲Ȼ档
ڵصϣ󲿷ֲֵﶼ޷ʳãֻСֲֵܹɹʳõʳʣµһʳҲſɬζʡ
ֲˣʳҲһЩʳжֲħޣǵɬǳѳԣΪӣ˭ҲԸȥֶ
͵صȣֱһĴڣųԲʳζޱȡ
Դ֪ĴڣҳԵʳ֮󣬵صħԸǹϵ棬Զ鸻ĵϡ
ζ磬Ϊ˳һζʳһڸȪ
ַҡҡͷţӵĵصħ壬ɣΪһڱ
תһ룬ַҲħѴˡ
ÿһڲͬĻ£вͬļֵͺƽˮɳĮˮȻƽ󣬶ڶˮȴ۵Ʒƽ
ħȻռݵ磬ӵǵȴȱʳħԣʳƯıʯҪ
ΪʳǿԷȫսϧκδۡ
˵沢ȱʳһʳħ岢Ǵ⣬ˣħûкúľֱӴӵ³Ե緢п͵ȫսսһ죬Ѿ˫˭Ҳ޷ƽĴ㣬ʱħ巢ֵ粢ǣȥ͵ҲܴӦˡ
ս±άйħֲĴ˵Ҳڸ֮ǧ꣬˵ħɫ䡣
ȻħѾڴ½伣ǧ꣬ħĿֲͼǹ½УҲһɻ⡣
ʵϣħ֪ħȴ֮٣ڼħȴ޽С
Ϊصֻͨͨѣÿһͨʥħӡұرأûħܹ硣
Ȼд˵ͨķӡѾ˥û˵ӡѾƽˣַܺ棬ħһᡤҿģѵͨԽ磿
Ҳ԰ͨԵ磬صħͷȫˣôֻһССĴħʦᡤҿϽˡ
ַ֮ǰһֱ⣬ֱȫļ䣬֪ࡣ
һ㣬ڷӡ˥Ĵģͨķӡ˥ŷӡ˥صħ̴ַͻƷӡӶܹ棬Ӷʳ
ħһһķ֮Ҫһλ͵˵档
ŲٵƣҪһƾֻͳһˣ˵ʵ̫ǿĻͺʧܡ
Ϊ˼ƻ˳УħһһߴжֻһγɹǴħʦʵᡤҿϱ͵˵棬ʧܵˣȫ
ᡤҿʮǰģʮʱ䣬ĸʳԣͬʱҲڰԼʹ
ħ֮Ҫ͵棬ȻƷʳζΪһļƻ
ħȻʳѷǸħϣȴǷḻĺܣħһǧڷһ߶ȽĽ
߶ȽȫάһϡеĿռϣʹά𣬿Բôħ
ħԹžУάȴϡ٣άһԲϣÿʹһδ󣬾һЩ߶Ƚ𣬶Ҵ;ԽԶĵ߶ȽҲԽࡣ
ŴĴħΪ߶ȽʹһѾȫֹͣʹãеһЩħڹҵУұΪƱֻҪʱ򣬲Żħ
ħ巢ֵ߶ȽĽ㹻ħʹã͸ħĪĻᡣ
ᡤҿϵʹںʵĵص㣬һħԷͨħ档
ħһֹŴħֻϹʱ˽Ѿʧˡ
ħȻоħ󣬵ǶԴħĲòͨܵϵƣںʵĵص㲼ħ󣬲˳д͡
ҿϻʮʱ䣬ŵΪʵĵַڶǡ
ǵλúƫƧûи֣ᡤҿѡǵԭ֮һ
ᡤҿϱϾħ壬ȻħһòƣǱϾͬһ壬֣Ǻױ¶ټģڶǣݵıܣźܴıԡ
ڶ㣬͵ص⻷йϵһƬ򣬿ռȱｨħܹõͻƿռ䣬Ӷ˳ɴ͡
ʵϣһطõʮʱ䣬ᡤҿ̫ʳջˣڸԱȫ½ʳŻʮʱ䣬˶
ԭһжеĺ˳ģᡤҿ϶ڶ͵͵ħֻҪħʿ磬ͿʹЯĲϲôħ
ֻһеĺˣ͵Ϊֹˡ


319 ޷ܾԼ
ᡤҿϵյһϢһħѧͽѧͽǿԻһνʽħʦĻᡣ
ᡤҿ϶ڴ°Űɣǳں棬ѡĿ꣬飬ַҲ֪ˡ
ֻᡤҿϵ̴ˣû̵ô³
ˣȥַȫŪ塣
ַҲһã²ԼģֻǡѣҲַѣԺҪСģĪһһ°ѱ̫עӵĿꡣ
ַһֽ磬ڻõļУҲйħһ壬طЩطǺڰħһֶ÷򣬻ַõϡ
磬ַĬĬħһ귨ţַʩȻһǿŽɫˮƯַǰǿŽɫˮڻΪһνɫҺ壬ַڡ
Ƭ̺󣬽ɫˮַȫգ̷ַһƬɫĹ󣬾ͺһɫˮ͸һϡ
ˣʥħĲлַ꣬곹ںϣΪһ֣ǿַ꣬ʹַ꣬Ĳˣʥħµ깥޷˺ַ硣
Ƿ⣬һȫַлһ˳ȥһɫĽɫĽ棬ȴһɫĹϼɫΪɫӥɫӥͬŽɫϼĴڡ
ɫϼʥħлںϺһЧʹù´֮սд˹ϼڲֻ࣬Ҫһ㹻ɱԷ
ַǳ⣬Ժħһ壬Ͳغǵ깥ˡ
ˣǿټħһطַͬʱҲ߱ħһƻطܹʧȥʱݵͣӶлµ塣
ַֻϣԼһӣԶҲòɲԼһ塣
Ƭ̣Ϥַ֮˳硣
ַᡤҿϵĴָٴοħĿ˵Ǽֵǡ
ᡤҿϵļַٴβ鿴ЩϣȻеĲ֮ͬЩ϶ħģȷе˵ôħģһС߶Ƚ߶Ƚ㹻ʮ˽硣
һħʮֽǣħջ᲻ʤ˵ȴǰ϶顣
Ҳ˵ַ֮Уһ
ȻַҲûջ񣬽ǻõһϣַ緢һʴơ
ַеģǴеĲϣᡤҿйڵصħļ䡣
صħһõطȱʳȴӵдĸڵ˵һѵıء
ַŹڵصħļ䣬ܷպħ֮á
ǵģַȥһεصħ磬̫ˣΣȥɣȻھȥǵȵӵ㹻ʵʱ򣬲Żصħ硣
صħѣȥȴףΪӡ·ħģȥףѡ
ַ˵⣬ֻҪһöʱյ꣬Ϳڵ͵صħ뿴ɣܹɵڵ͵صħ磬ַܹлöĺô
̫ˣʹַ֪еΣգҲ̲סһԡ
ַһѶ뷨ĵףƻҪܾ֮ŻʩУЩȴ̫ˡ
ַתͷŷڿĵذϣڵϻ˯
ַ緢Ե̱Ū˹
һ̴ٵļУַ磬־ŵסͣԼļУַĲ졣
ַ絭ĮĿŶĴ÷
˵ҲܺߣҪᡤҿѡҲᱻǣС
ϾͽΪҪҪַһԶ
֪ʼĩ֪Լ鲢ԣַԵ÷ǳ
ַ絭Ŀ˵Ҷ֪ˣֵӰѾҳȥڻʲôҪ˵𣿡
ӰӡѾɱˣδ飬ֵΪţһһĿĸоȫ֪Լ˵ʲô
ַûм˵ֻǾĿǵĮ񣬸Īѹ·оһԼĲϡ
ַһۣȱŹҵļ˰ɣº޹صģԴҡ֣Լ඼
ܺúû˭Ըȥֻڵ֪Լ⣬ԼѾʧȥ˾ϣԼĸĸܹƽ£ַܹŹǡ
ַĬ·һôãַŵ˵ϵ䣬ѾҽˣӰҲɱˣ֮⣬û֪顣
±ϾʵҲҪǱҷеĶߣһҵ飬ΪΪܵ
æͷ˵ԸֻܴϣȱҪ˺ҵļˡ
ַһ˵ģģҲǨŭļˣĴɣΪҹʮ꣬ڴڼ䣬㽫û롣
ǣˡһ˿ȻҪװ׹ʮܻ꣬žͺãžϣžͿչ˼ˡ
һַͻȻһָм֮顣
ַ絭˵ȥɣ˶й
ǡӦһһСܵ˳ȥƬ̺˶˽
ַȥһ˷һԼ
ַ˵ԼɣûĻǩ֡
Լݣ֮ǰԼֻͬеޱơ
ʦΪӶӣǣַ罫ǳԿԼޣƣֵܳıַ档
ȻϿǺôҲܴ󣬵һôǱ֤ʽħʦ
֮ǰŵǸһħʦĻᣬȴȷǱ֤ʽħʦ
ѧͽǳģĻƣɾ͵ǿڽħʦķϣ˭Ը
֮ļһϹǵۣԼԱʾ˱֤ħʦڸߵħʿħʦֻṩԴܲܽҪˡ
֤ħʦûиòǺŪ˵İɣ
ҲӦðԼħüٵģ˫ضԼݡ
ħʦѾ㹻ˣҪܹħʦҪµҲԸⰡ
Ļǰ̫ˣûܹܾջ˶ǩԼ


320 ʥ
ǩõԼԼȻ󾭹Լתһ䵽˵ϣԼ
ԼתԼִȫִͬеǽʵˣȻҲҪܵԼ
ԼַоͶʮħѧͽ
˶Լǳ棬ֻʱֻܰѺ˭Ҳûɵİɻʳ
ַͷתĿԼ˵Ҳ˵ҲӦףӴ֮Ǿһˣһپ٣һҹĺãǲкӹҹĲã˭Ҳģڣҳ£˭Ҳȥ
һݣӦ죬˵ˣס
𵽴ͷãҲæ˵ˣס
ַϸЦݣº͵˵ܺãܹףǾòˣҲԸǣҲǳԿģӦʶɡ
ַһ֣жһöħ¡
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ħħʿ
ַ絭˵ϳöµˣûһöħʿ£ħʿݣҲڴسǾɰ˹λħʿͬõġ
ȻһλħʿѧͽԾ֮ϸεľϲɫ
ԭΪԼǸһλħʦ£ȴ֪ǸһλħʿħʦħʿĵλԨ֮˵λǵݵλҲ˼
ħѧͽǳңҺԼѾǩԼΪһλħʿһǳ˵顣
Щܾļһǣ»ɡħѧͽﰵ⡣
ҲʮλħѧͽܵҲǴ󲿷һ˵ԼټϽħʦĻ˵Ĳ岻ǲϻڱֺ£룬Ӷʧһλᡣ
Ȼڳħѧͽ֪Ǹŵ֣ܲܶǽܹħʿߣ㹻ֲǵʧˡ
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ħʿݴʵϵٹ⣬һͷǳãеħѧͽַ̾Ͳһˡ
ַҪģҲЧ
ȵϢַż˵ǵΣҶ˵˰ɡ
ǵȻҪʹãѾħʦѾħʦΪˣﻹš
˶Ĭַ˵Ȼʺܲ޾֮·зܹڶʱʵǻһķգͲ֪ԼԸⲻԸˡ
ˣԸ⡣
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ַŽЦЦͶȥһƵ
˻ȻַĿ϶ɫܴĹľ
һ飬Ҳ̷Ӧæ˵ˣҲԸ⡣
ҲԸ⡣
Ҳǡ
µħѧͽ׷״Ը⡣
ַͷ˵һڤ޸ĶɣҽΪڤڤҪǡ
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ڤһֺţĻһͨڤ뷨ţ߱ԣֻʥܲЧڶʱڽʽħʦ
˵ĺħʦĻᣬ˵ջ
ҲΪᣬŻǩԼġ
˵ðһɻʥأʲôʥأʥ
ڤķţǶס𣿡ַ絭˵
ˣסˡ
ţڿŽ£еǵĽ£ħһתħڴħ汾ӵд͵ֻڷʦнд͡
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ʦеĺܶңֻתƷнȫͨ
·âһ˸оһ£Ȼ͵һܷСűԶ򿪣źĳһɽ
ǵ󣬲Ҫߴˡַ絭˵ţȳɽȥ
صĿǰɽȻʵܵͣΪħѧͽǻ˻ħ֪ʶ޵ҲԿóɽڲһ˵ħǵħ󣬾Իᱻħ˺Ƭ
ҲΪʲôַҪǸߵģȻֻиַߣܰȫͨǰħ
ħֻɽڣռݵֻҪӾͿͨħ
߹ħ֮󣬾͵ɽͷһɫĹͨ
ַȽͨ˹ȥ
ͨľͷһţǹĿ£ҲԶ򿪡
߳ţ͵һտĴﱻˢһɫᣬϰװʮյ˶Ľܵƣӳյ쳣
ַת˵ӭǣʥء
ʥأħѧͽǺĿܣƺﲢûʲôϡĵطΨһЩŹֵǣΪʲôϵħƣһħҲûУ
߰ɣǵһ¾ͻ֪ʥص档
ʦĵ²֣һ㰲˳Բܱʹ֮⣬㶼ֳС䣬С䲢ֻƽʲôҲûУֻķһš
Сÿһʮ䣬һټ䣬ͬʱ
ħʦڤʱһĻܹ°빦ЧһС䣬ǷǳбҪġ
Լһѡһɣȥ֮ǵʹҸղŽǵڤħַ
ˣ֪ôˡ
ˣǡַһԴжûǣһ˸һöָ
ƵĴָʮĿռ䣬ĴָҪÿʹþһ飬ָܱ֤ʹá
ַóʮöָһһö
ָ
յָ˶һôҲû뵽˾ȻʹǴָ
Ҫָ֪ǷǳǳϡеħװʽħʦУҲӵдָͨ£ֻħʿһħʦŻӵдָ
һöָǳ󣬾ȻﵽʮףһöָͿڹ½ۡ
Ľָȴһöʮöҵ찡ǵ˸ö฻а
һƮƮĸоʮ˷ֱʮС䡣
Сڣʮ˰ڤҪʼħ
һʼܻûӣͷˡ


321 Ϯ
һʼӲٶͻȻ͵
ǵģͺһ㣬ȷǣƬʱһء
˶ȾˣʲôҪ찡
ʵ̫ˣûйٶȣٶȷˣһʮϣһһֱʮٶȲȶ
ʮٶȣһξ͵ʮ죬ٶ̫ˣǰ׳գҲгɡ
ᵽʥص棬ҲԼѡ
һʥأǵĽĳɾͣ޿
ʮ˽뵥ħַĳһ
ʮ˵ĳɹ񣬽ֱӹϵַδĹɣһܹɹʹڤħôеķʦţҲͿԿʼ齨ˡ
ħʦǿԶǿħʦɽƵĳսϵʱǽΪս֮Ļ
Ȼħʦţɲ˭齨ģҲֻԹҵ齨ʦţҾгԱʵձ鲢̫ߡ
һ㣬ַ˵һⶼûУΪʮİأһڹ½ʮ꣬ıڣʲôħʦ齨ˣ
뵽˷ַܴ̲סЦ
ַ˷ܲѵʱǵϰ壬ˣ
ַüͷһ壬ʵʲô£˵ϸ㡣
ǣղŴڵļĵһ黭棬ʾȭڣӥȣɣţһڣе쳤ǶԤһӺ󵽴
ַһɵ˵ϵɣٶһַ粻ףΪʲôŻֳԼ
Ȼ֪ǵĿģǺȻǲ͵ģġ
ϰ壬Բҵھε˵ԷֵſڵĲŷǣ൱ܡ
ַһ֣˵²㣬ͻȻϮû֣ҲܹǰԤѾ൱ˣҲҪȡµĽѵѾ©ֲһΣɲöԷ׵ܽˡ
ϰ壬İɣûһˡᶨ˵
Ժ˵йŵ֪֪Ϊʲôǻַʵ
˵ĿǰǣݹӥȺȭɽ׼ߵĺܽǻ᲻ϴΰ׼ҵйأΪ׼ұأ
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ϰ壬ԷɹΧ
ȱ𹥻£ַһ˲ƶʧˡ
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ٺ٣Ҳһ˵㼱ʲôͷٺһЦڸղŵ飬⡣
ʱǰһһ˺ͻأĳڼǰĴϡ
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԰λַ֣η壬̹Ȼ˵Ҽţʦӡ
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ַ˵ɽڵأλǰˣΪ£µĻȥòᣬ˺
ַ⻰룬ڳĶǻ˼ʮϼһе⣬Ƣ𱬵̾ŭˡ
رϹ֣Ŭڵľð˳Ц˵˺ôĿҲ·ͷƾССţҲҿڳǲ֪
ţȫûб˵ȻһССɣССɻţǸ
ַȴǵ˵Ŷλǰ˼ˣǴǿŵؽˣ
ַⷬǰڵµƸߵϣףҲһߡ
Ϲֲмߵٺ٣㣬Σ
ϹƢȻᣬɲҲã֪Լһ˾żģżȴĪĳһţż϶ռˣΪżһս⣬Ҫ˵ȻҲͺ޹˼
ֻǣ˶Ϲһ뷨ģмϹ˵ʱüͷ
ͷһת˵Сֵܱ⣬ʵģ˵һ㣬ʵżģСѿ֪⸽ż𣿡
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ʵַ˵⣬֮ǰ˶뵽ˣżľ޴ջɱǵǣҲǳв޵̬һˡ
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λȻѡ֣ǿɾͱˡ
£ַӰٴһֲˡ
Ϲһ˵װŪСˣϷΰж˿顣
ͷȴ̾һϹ̫嶯ˣôҲҪŪԭίٶְƣڻû壬ȴûˣ鷳İ
Ϲߵߣʲô鷳ģһСɰˣʲô飬Ȼһе
Ƿӥȣû¹˭һλߣҲͻȻ˵
һİλУȭڳλ֣ӥҲλ֣ɸԳһ֣Ϲ־Ƿӥȳ֮һȻе˵仰
ʱԶĴ¥ϣһ⣬ͻȻ΢΢һ¡


322 Ƶ
ʱԶĴ¥ϣһ⣬ͻȻ΢΢һ¡
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ѪΧƤһ˿ḷ́һɽĳζӣֻкϹֲ֪µ˺ڣǵⶴǿҵĸ£˲䣬ȫջֻǱһ̴ʵȫջѾ޿ɾҩ
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νԽϵԽСܻüʮ꣬ɲףɲˣĪ
ͷһˣӦһҲŵͷߣϹ˵ʬ壬Ҳ˲Ϲˡ
ǾڴʱΧͻȻŨŨܲ͸磬Ũֲָ֮ĿҲֻܿΧڵľ
Ũ֮ʱΪ֮һҲ֪ǵĶʧȥİûһԼĽŲҲʧӰ١
žʱ̡
󷨣ͷʧегȫûԼȻ֪Լ˵ʲôҲԼ˵
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ʦַǿֱ֮࣬УһʱҲȥ
ͷˣ󷨵Ĵڣȷ˱ż˵ָ߼Ҳյĺ壬һ˵ãҪˡ
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ͷ֪϶ŨĹŨЧӦӰ˵УбԻ󣬿ǰߣҲоתȦȦ߲ȥ
󷨣󷨣ԭ󷨣Ȼ
ͷ̾һ֮Ȼޱȣûз߳ȥϣȻ󷨣Ҳ֪ԻУ߲ȥֻҪǰû׼ϹèͿܳȥˡ
ţͷͻȻײһϣͷӦ죬סΣס˱ײˣͷҲʶһڵԼһ֣óһһ칦
Ǵ˿̣Լȫʧȥյķɣϵ··һϣ¶Ƥϻһڵĺۼ
ԣԣͷҡҡԼȫûãԼѾ˹ȥ
ͷһԼţȴһû֮ǣֻ˹ȥ
ԼϵˣǱ£Ǳ׵ˣѵ֮У׵繥
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ͷһֱ䱸ҲǱ鲼ȫŨӦ͸о׵ϮȵƿŨʱٷӦѾˣֻüȫת̫ǿ󣬽һͰͷˡ
һֻ˶֩˹֩ͣͷߣ֩ȵϣֹװηȻһӰȻͷߣһɫĽ˿߰ͷ˫˫Ű
ԱߵԼҲ˴һɫ˿߰˫˫Ű
ɫ˿ߣַƶɣΪͣһͻԶ˺Ƴɵ˿ǣûа취ѵġ
ҲһּΪϣƳɵΪ̣Դ˺ϵȵıħļƷϡ
Ҳˣļ۸ǼΪģôһСټֵٽңҶüˣֶַˣʵ̫ݳˡ
ַںڰʦĴָҵ˲٣Ҳοֶʮˡ
ֻּ򵥵Ľ˿ҲʱãԺҪһЩץˡרװŸһЩҲȫһЩ
ַ罫ץסĿһɨһĿ꣬һ˲䵽ĿߣȻ󰵰ʩһֲ磬Է編ƣʹ˿ץס
ŨȻޱȣǶַħʹȴһЧҲûУԲŨӰĿŨеÿһˡ
ŨȻûκιȴߵУϹäˡ
ŨãַԶŨУ˼ɵʩչħħıܹ׵ĶԸڶ֡
ַ統ħҲΪĿġ
ħõĺˣʱȹħЧǿ
ħĹЧַܿץסֻ֣һãȻײ˳ȥַץ˺Ѿ׷ȥ
ߵŵ쳤ϣ⻪ģΪŵ书֣һַǳɵϹֺأ书ȲܷҲ˵УΪȴܹϹ
ãȭƷϹŵĵӶʹõңһź书
ŵ书ߵһ֣书漰֮󣬻࣬Ҳһ
ַҲ˼޹û׷̫һֱԷ˴ӣַſ׷ϡ
⻪ĺܿ͸оһβͣȻɽ꣬ɾ͸պúַ⣬ַ³󣬽У̷ų˫˫𣬺ܿͷɵ⻪ĵϿա
ޣַ˫⻪Ĵһ⻪Ĳʶħޣǰޡ
һֺĴڣǹŴ޵ĺᣬûôǿҲҰˡ
⻪Ĳʶħȴ֪޵Ĵڣ԰˫𵱳ޡ


323 
⻪ȻһȴҲΪϣַһ֣һѰ˳ȥ
ΪһƬǹ⽫ַͷһǴʵַ̾ͻᱻɸӡ
ַһһܸǰǵǹ赲⡣
ǹڹϣһƬȴ޷ܣ˵ַ硣
⻪ĲųϹȷ˵ãƷһƬƬİϵĳַÿһΣǰһÿһԼףת˲䣬⻪ѾߴιҲַ翿߲˫ľҲһ֮ң
⻪һԾͻȻһѳ߳̽̽һַݺݴȥ



⻪еĶ̽ԼٶȴڹϣΪٶ̫죬ӶûһƬӰ
⻪ĵ٣ַˣԸ߳ĹƵֲ˹Ĳ㣬ƬĽӰת˲ڹϴѺۡ
ǺܿϧĹǲ㡣
ûһƶܵûп˵ַġ
⻪ĹܵʱַħѾ׼ϣַ⻪һ̧ȣ⻪ѾַĶҲ˷۵磬һƬ壬ǺȻ
һֲʮ䵽⻪ĵϣ⻪ıĳɳȥ飬ѾԲѡ
⻪ĵʵ൱ģȭƣȫͨǽսԶ൱ϵٶȷǳ죬˭֣൱Կ
Ǻܿϧַ粻ǹߣ͹ȫͬ⻪ĵֶַħǰȫʧЧַħȴܶ˺˫սѾһ
ַ編ƣҲ⻪ץ˻ȥ
ˣİλ֣˷ӥ챻ɱ֮⣬λֱַ׽
һϮһŲУλԵַ԰ȫɱˣһ̫ˣλһԻڹɾҵĶΣ֮£ַͻɹֹС
ĽɲַҪġ
һţַȷ£ҪǳȫߵĹУǶַİȫΣա
һַ缴չҵҲ޷ȥˡ
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ֻں֮ǰҪɱ¾ӦõģɱӺûеġ
ӥȵĺϹָպ˳ͷԷӥȵλ֣ɱĶ󣬱ɱ
λҴ֣˷ʦУǵֽűڽ⿪֮ǰûһ㷴
ά˹ԴԷλ֡
Ȼַ粻ΪܹǱҪķҪеģԲŰѴά˹˽˹
ַŴά˹ͷά˹ֳҩˮÿһ֣˰ƿҩˮ
һƿҩˮļպһƣƿҩˮΪƫ٣ֻܷ֮һЧǶҩˮһ˷ѡ
ǰˣַ֣ɲκˣȻǶԸԼ
ǳһͷǺбҪġ
ƿҩˮȥ̲Ч˻Եߣ½
ͷַһۣԳЦû뵽ЩϼһȻ׽ˡ
¼ĬֻǴϵı鲻ѿǵʱ²ܡ
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һԼƢ𱬣ݺݵĵַһۣȻ˵Сʦ㻹ûʸ˵
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㣿Լһҡҡͷŵ˵ССͣɲҪţƤˣǰʦгɡ
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СӣңԼŭ˵
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ַ翴ԼһۣһЦ˵׼ұ֮ǰī϶ҲģǰǴ߰׼ҵ·ˡ
⻰ʲô˼Լɫһ䡣
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Ҫڴ֮ǰͷԻ֮Աǣ飬ǵ֮ȴţַ¡
ַأͷһֿ־ĸо
ͷĻԼҲĬ
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Ŷ⵹Ǹ顣ͷͷ˵ֻǲ֪εĽ˷ָ˭˭ġ
ַø壬˵ȻǽˣȻгԱλȣ˭˭һ˵ǽ˵ĿģһΪ˹ͬԵУͬˣڶǻͨޣͬչ
λãΡַЦЦĿ⿴ˡ
Ļͬˡһ˵
ַ翴˵ˣһ㶣ⲻλӻ׽ŵĳϰɣֽʲôģˣ⻪ġ
˭Ҳû뵽һͬ˵ģ⻪ġ
ݵҪ󲢲ֻ֣Ҫһ䣬ɱ޹Ӷ֣ѵҲҪͬˣʳģȭˡ
ַҲϳ˵ݣ㿪˵ǿԼУһ캦ߣԮˣǰˣ
˵ͷ˵ãȻˣҲͬˡ
һͬˡ
ͷ̾һֻ˵Ҵɣͬˡ
Լɫһ䣬ʱѾû·ˣҧȴֻ˵һڣͬˡ


324 վ
ڳĶɵϣȻ˭ҲԸ֮ˣ¹ԼŵĴ˵飬ڱС
飬ԼܿȷԼֻ࣬м򵥵ļҪݾǹͬˣͨޣ໥֮䣬ǲܹ
һЩϸھͲض˵ˡ
ȻѾͬˣַȻҲûмץǵĵԸά˹⿪ϵ˿
һῪ˷׷վ
˿ȻѾ⿪ϵƲûȬʱҲû˭óȻ֡
ֻ˵ɫȴôÿҲѹ֣˭Ŷ֮ˣڳɫ
ַɨһۣ΢Ц˵λԼȻѾˣҴҲͬˣô˵ʽܹҪеİɣ
ͷһͷ˵Ӧõģֻǲ֪׼ξʽ
⵹Ҳ򵥵ĺܡ
ַ˵λɵĴЩرǵһ޵ҵһЩҲдУлһħԷֻҪմ˷ŷģͻħԣһΥԾͻħɡ
ȻҶҪˣô룬ʹħԷģӦûɡ
ʲôʲôħԣַĺЩ˲аأȻҲַֻ˵ˡ
ַ˵˶ǰŰɣͷȴֱʵŶ飬ֻǲ֪ħҪηģ
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ַ˵˶ͬĵ˵ͷ˵򵥣ǽ֮α֤ѲᱳԼȴһ¡
ħͲͬˣԾҪܵԵԼ˭ҲױԼ˲л˱ϣҲ塣
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ŰŰɵ̬ͷ˺ַһǰ˵һ顣
Υģ𣬲úɣߵֱ䵽˵ϡ
ַ̬ɫһ飬ħƺġ
⡭ħѵЧ仹˱ͷ
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ַĵͷ˵ˣѾǾˣҲϣܹϺͬչ
ͷȴҡͷֳ滰öˣ˵Щʲô˼
ʹԼѾǺȻͷ˶εĽ˲ãֻ˵Ȩ֮ƣһ뿪ˣҲͬˡ
ֻȻϲַȴôģȴˣչ
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ͷᵽ⣬ַ΢΢һЦ˵ղŸλȵǱƵʥҩСʥˮ˺͸ֲ֢ӵЧ
Сʥˮͷһ㣬̲סʵɻҩ
ַͷĪĵȻǵɣȻǻβҩˡ
ͷһʵԭˣ֪ɵСʥˮۼۼΣ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵˵ЦˣСʥˮǱɵĲ֮أֻɻСʥˮ֮УҲûжСʥˮôء
ַɨڳһۣ˵СʥˮЧλ»ǺҲ¸λСʥˮϹŵʥҩ˶صˣֻҪһƿСʥˮܱ̾
СʥˮЧڸֲ֢ҲЧ統ϵĸ־֢ѪͰ֢СʥˮƷΧڡ
ʲôСʥˮܹƾ֢
ַĽܣ˶һ
ȻֺɲԼҲߵѲǵУҲھ֢
Сʥˮܹƾ֢ϢǶԣҲһǳ𺳵顣
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һԼŵʵţ˻ǵ棿Сʥˮܹƾ֢ѪҲκã
Լһλ󱲣պõ˰Ѫдһʡ
ȻûҪƭǣţɡ
ַƣά˹⣬̴Ա߶һֻӹϣʮƿҩˮ
ַָҩˮ˵λɵѣΪ˼ˣҲλһˣʮƿСʥˮպһƿ͸λıˡ
ַתͷԼ˵Գϵɻ룬˵ٶ࣬ҲʵЧ˵ƿСʥˮ㹻κ˵ľ֢
ԼȵĿַһۣȻվ𣬶ַһȭһԲȥ
ʮƿҩˮһƿȫȥ
ղǰƿҩˮЧǻģܹյƿСʥˮ˵һɾϲĸо
ǶǴˣҲ뵽ַ⡣
ַ˵Сʥˮǲ۵ģת۾һƿеĺ壬
Сʥַ˵ĹЧôΪʥҩһ㶼ΪҲͲԽǮĶļֵ
ַ˼ףСʥˮûУֻʥҩýǮģֻ㹻棬ַСʥˮ
Ȼַҩˮոͳ֣ת۾˵Ѿˣ֦ͬӦùͬˣǷӥ޹ʽɽţλ컹Уӥȿ϶ưոݣҲԸԴУͲ֪λϣʲô֮
ַ⻰˼ԲҪ÷ӥȿˡ
⻰һʳֳΪ֮һ
ַɨһۣԵʮ㣬ûм˵
ͷʱҲ۾֪ʲô
༸ҲͬĬ
һӣӣžʱ̣ʱر
һԼ͵վַһȭ˵ţȻӥΪУһڵĵˣһںͷӥƲ
˭Ҳû뵽һ̬ģȴһԼ


325 
˭Ҳû뵽һ̬ģȴһԼվַһ
һ˵ĺܺãûԶĵˣֻԶ棬ǰ˿ԱѣҲԱɳС
ԼַϿ㹻棬ΪˣϧӥΪС
ʵϣӥȻʵҲһǿȥټϷӥѾֻ֣һѾʲô˻
Ҫ֪һڿҲӵֵϵɣԭȻ˼ɷӥȵʵȴˡ
ҲԼ̬ԭ
Լ̬֮󣬽⻪ĳҲʾ֧ɱӥȡ
˱̬ͷȭȻĬֹƬ̣ͷ̾˿˵˵ǣΪУȻܹϢ顣
ȭڵϣʱһۣҲ֪ȥˣ˵ɫôÿ˵λҲ֪ȭںͷӥн飬ӥȼ˶Բŵ飬ȭȴ侮ʯȭڲ룬źλͬһ
ȭڵƺǳԵƷУֻһ˵⼸˵ɫɾͱˡ
ӥȣȭڣţţһڣԭǴͬһʡݣƽն˭ûкͷӥн飿
ȭ֣ɶ侮ʯСˣ
һԼǲһ
ǶϽˣȭڵǵС˼˭֪ʲô˼֣ǹ˼ԼѣϾ֮ǰɻѣȥ֮ĴɾͰѷӥȸˣ˵ȥɲǺܺ
Լ֪һ飬ӥȺϹֵŮ˲׺£׺ǹ֮һн־ʮλ֮࣬ǸղԥҲǹ˼顣
ֻһڡšշ˹˼ɣѡַһȭأҸ˼Լҵѡ˳
ʲôҲ˵úǵĲ׺ᱨǣǱ̨Ҳ˵Ժ飬Ҳָȭڻ˳ΪȭڣѾˡ
濴ȭڵĻӣͦ١
ַһͷȭ˹˹֣˵ϿˣԼԣǷԸӥȣǸɵ˽£ȭȻҲѡ²Լ֮УȻд
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һڵλÿ˻ƿҩˮźԵõƿҩˮȭʲôҲûеõ
СʥˮǺö˻βʥҩģֺöֻ̫٣̫ġ
һλ죬ǰ͵յʮƿҩˮһڵԼϲѿ졣
źҲЦЦǸԵõƿСʥˮȴҲǲջ
ֻͷ˿ԼĿʹһ˿ˣΪһǵһ̬ģԾͶһƿСʥˮʵ̫ˣ´飬Բƽ׳˿
ȭڵ쳤ϣʱҲɫһ䣬һ˿ۺͺڵĸоΪѾʧȥһλСʥˮĻᣬһһƿҲƿҪ֪ǿλ֣һͬ⹥ӥȣλ֣һ˻һƿСʥˮǾƿˣƿСʥˮʧۣ֮ʵ۲Ѱ
ǵѡǴ˰
ֻʱźڣѾһ㣬ǱϾ֣ԳУǲʱ򷴻ڵģһ̫Ժɾûˡ
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ȵ뿪ַ缸ڷ˶Ըӥȵϸڣ˹ͬĿ꣬ԵúǢ
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Һãеһ󷨴УȱŬƽ󷨵Ĳ֮־ռ뼯˲ҪϣųɹĲһлԪ󡣡
лԪ󣿡ͷظһ飬һĨɡ
ַЦЦ˵λԭǱˣѧ֮Ҳ׬ЩǮȱ־ҪӵܽŷҰѻǮΧһ׼ڴ˽ŷչ
лԪҲҲɽŴԱɵİΣֻû뵽һ̰Ŀ⣬˵ʲôż޻̸֮
żʲôڣҲҶ˵ˣҪǴżͱ˷ˣ浽ڣ
ַЦָΧ˵λҲúÿɣһżģ
˵ҲǣΧԭ񷿣񷿲ڸǷôܻżֵط
ͷԳЦǺǣһϣӾͲˣôԵ飬ҾȻûһǡ
ͷЦҡҡͷ
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˵ʵȻѾԽˣǶЩַ֣绹Щ˼ɵģϾսϣǴߣҲַоһЩ
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ַصңܾȵķ֣ʮħѧͽȻѾɹĽʽħʦ
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˵ͲôãѾЩͷرǽˣ㿨ʮ֮á
ͻƣ⣬ҪһԵһ㶯
ڤܹʵʮٶȣڴٶ֮£ԾĳЧܹ׵ͻƾĽ
ˣܹʽħʦԭ


326 䳲
ˣ˳ɹħʦ֮⣬ħѧͽҲŲ̶ͬȵʱգħʦ磬һⶼûеġ
ַһ֣˶ǳĽеˡ
ľʵ̫ˣǴҲû뵽ٶȻô졣
˿ַĿҲһ䣬֮Уһŷ
ţúҪһλᡣַ絭ĵͷͶȥһ͵
ˣǻŬġ˵
ΪħʦһֱǵĿ꣬û뵽Ȼˡ
ַ΢΢һЦָ̫ˣʽħʦŶѣΪһʽħʦжô˲ǵĳɾͣԶԶֹ˰
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ַս磬ʱǧСʱʵвŹСʱһһǧǽս磬ֻСʱͱ˳ַֻķ֮һ
ӦúΪ޹أΪħѧͽħʦͬȻַָˣܹӵǧСʱ⣬սˣֻӵַķ֮һʱ䡣
Ȼֻķ֮һʱ䣬ҲˣϾʵСʱսȴСʱ
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ַµħʦԽԽ࣬ʵҲԽԽǿܶ飬Խַиʱ䣬ȥʱ顣
˵״ַѾ飬ûκκ֢ûв龧Ѿȷڤĳɹˡ
ڤĳɹַķչҪַǿװʦžɴ˵
죬ַħʦЭ᳤ȨޣħʦЭĵѡλӵħʵꡣ
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λͥյַΪټͬǵļ˸ĸҲᱻһͬǨǱȥ
ַĳǱȡ˸ͨ׵֣кҳǣΪǱõصɳɣصɳǺɫʯǱҲǺںһƬԳΪҳǡ
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ֻɣΣµĺۼǳ٣Ҫҳֿ治װ
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ŹΪԪΪ޸ĵģŲУַǽһ𣬾ͳ֮Ϊˡ
ѾɹĿǰûв֪ЧΣΪûַš
µĹ֧ţַҲԿʼ޹׼ˡ
޹ɲС飬ַҲҴҵһ޹ʱ򣬳ǿɾ鷳ˣΪԷһַȫ׼
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Ϊȥףôɾˡ
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Ҳ֪ҹܹǮԣֹ˾תҿһϲͨ㻹Ǿѷ䳲֣ɡ
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·ϣַǴ˵绰ʵѾڼȺַ磬һֱַھ͹ڴӦ
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ַ簴ƺ룬ҵ˹ǵļңſͣ
ַţһλŵԿţַһ㶣λòʶǹƷǡ
ƷȻַĵǳӣ׼ʱ䣬Կš
㡭ɣǳɵʵȻַ֪ᣬǿǰСӣƷ廹ţλʡ޵ҽȻᡣ
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330 ҽ
ǽŹغãΪ˫ܵλκκԺǺҽԺԺλַκҵˣסҼҸڣպùš
ַͷЦźκԺкʵַҲףǶԼҽһ㲻ģ԰κԺϰѰѹأκԺҽڳ϶ġ
κԺЦźַк˵˵аܹκз磿
ַЦκԺ˵Цˣзֲȫİգֻ˵ԿˣܲУҪ֮󣬲½ˡ
κԺͷ˵Ҷҽܺ棬֪ϼһܲһԹۿ
ַ룬˵ĿǰԣҪľ嵽ҽι̣ҪҪܵĵطǾҪκԺرһˣʦŵĹأκԺ¡
ȻҲ⡣κԺͷЩʵѧҽɣ֪ʦкɣʦ˭
ַЦҵҽǸѧģ˵κԺҲʶҲͲˡ
ǺǣɽҰˣüκԺЦƺַ˵ģֻǲ֪ǲʵ뷨
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˵зκԺҲģ˵κˣܹƽȲ񻯾Ͳˡ
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κԺȻһˣղ˵ʲôһСʱڼЧһСʱڻȬ
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κԺҽտҽ漰鿴˹˵壬Ϊ˰һ֮κԺϣʱˡ


331 
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κԺ˼Ľе̫棬̫ˣҩˮȻЧ
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κԺȴʱæ˵һᣬԺ޷ҽεĲ˵ʱ֣ܲȻһ㱨˵ͬˣٽƣͬ⣬Ҳ顣
ðɡַ˵ͷκԺҪ֣ȨԼһߣҪʵĲˣһֺη
κԺæŴ򿪣԰ַͳš


332 ƽ
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ΪԷ͵֮󣬻һöң͵߱һ֡ƽ


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˵ϰķԸһԴŵ磬ҵ˼֤ݣһԴ͵˰©˰ļ¼һԴľֳȨĲ֤ݣһ֤ݣ㹻ԴŴԨ
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333 䳲վ
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֪һֽжѪĶľɹʣ´Ϊ׼˶Ѫٳ磬Ҳ١
ллϰ塣
л֮˵ϰ壬䳲ĹٷվѾʽˣ㿴һ¡
һ䣬һվ˳
һۺվվϿԿӰƵС˵СϷվϺܳϡ档
վĻܾرվĴٶر죬ܵĲŵӰСϷٶȶǳ죬һ㿨ĸоûС
ַվһоҲͲѣվȣ䳲վƺû̫ơ
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ӦһʼվǻҿĶά缼άصǣͬһʱõԽ࣬ЧԽãΪά磬ڶûԴӶﵽٶȡ
վȣǵĵһƣٶȡ
ܶԷٶǶ٣ֻҪǵ½վʹվԴվڵκһ飬ǸƵǶϷᳬпٵ󡣡
С۵Ķά磬һָԵͻƣڳ״̬£һֳ£Ҫʮʮ꣬Ǹãֶܷά磬ԵӦãʹһǰ˶ʮ꣬ǰ
˶άĸ֧֣վĳѾָտɴ
˶ά⣬վװ˹棬ԶȫӰӾϷһվͿԿȫӰӾ浽еĵСϷ
һ㣬㹻ڶˡ
֮⣬վӵ칦ܣעԱԻΪѣȻ죬QQĹ൱ǵһƣƵӵи廭ʣͳٶȡ
ǧͨվƵͨʱǵƵڸ״̬£ָ٣һ㿨󣬾ͺ첢޶¡
Ƶͨǵ֮һ
飬һɫֽʵҲҵ棬УжƵͨ˾ҲԽչ
ͨѶڣֻĳԱܼضĻҪƵͨ£ܽ磬Ա˵½˺ţҲ޷ͨƵ֤
ǵרѾúˣֽǡ
ǳõ趨ַ޵
΢΢һЦ˵Ƿ䳲ĵһƷҲѾзɹˣƷ־С۷䣬һܹܹܵĹӲֻ̺ڴ档
ڵԵӲԽԽغͰװĳԽԽ࣬Ҳ֮ЩװصļҵĶѻӲûɺܴĲ㣬ûȫ֪ЩӦɾЩӦñ
رЩԵԲ̫ͨļһǶԴһϲͨӲǵʹ£Ū߰㡣
ҿС۷ǡǡӲ̿ռġ
С۷ԶӲ̣ȻʹԶûȫԶãԵӲڵļͰˣ̴ҪСʱһСʱȣɺӲڵļűķһԺҪļʹļǾͼ򵥶ˣ˵һĿȻ
С۷֮Ӳ̵ĿռӦͷţܹӴӲ̵ʡ
С۷ֻ棬ҲѾֻͬڴ棬Ӷͷڴ棬ṩڴʹʵĿġ
΢΢һЦ˵ص㣺С۷Ѿһų򣬻Ӳ̵ĹУԼӲݽпȻȶԷ½Ƿ䳲վʱͨݻ͵һУĿǰûʲôֶΣܹС۷һ
ҲǿС۷Ŀġ
ַԴ˲⣬ͷʵС۷Ĺƺǿѵʹ飬ܼ𣿡
Ȼԡ
˵С۷һĻС۷ڶѾڿ֮УڶС۷ӵļѹܣĿǰƿѹٷ֮ʮҲ˵һ1Gĳ򣬾С۷ѹͻ0.5GռõĿռһ롣
ڶС۷䣬߱ܣװС۷ֻ绰ʱͨݻͨӣ䵽飬Ӷ֪
ַ۾һ˵⹦ܲڶС۷仹Ҫòܿ
ҲҪһ¡
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˵ȱھ͵ϰΪ˾ܲˣ˾ûܲܶ鶼޷չתܲһʵվͿ˳ˡ
ַͷҲ֪еĵ˾ûеַǾһҿտǹ˾ܶ鶼ð
ַ˵֪ˣһᾡ촦õġ
ˣڹ˾ѡҵôˡ
ɴ˵һʮˣǸҵľӢвǿҵǵļ룬̾Ϳ֧ǹ˾ĹǼܡ
ǳǿ֮⣬Ʒ·Ҳû⣬ԼĹ˾ҳϣҪϳ״Ǻͨ;ڵǡ
ַ翴˵ϳֵÿһ£бƬƽ
ʮ߸ˣǷǳ˲ţǺܿϧǵͬ⣬ǵ˰֢ǵ˰Ѫ˸ǱޱȣȻȾ˰̣һǱԼŮѸȾģһǳȾϵģȾϵģҲ˵ˡ
ʮˣȫо֢ڱ˵ʮˣһǴǶַ˵ȴȫַͬκǵľ֢ǸĴۣµΪַ¡
ǣͬġ
˵ǵļ룬ǹ˾ĹǼܣܿͻǶ֢Ȼܹκǣڴ֮ƱҲֻٲܴĵĳǰϰʹǵʱҲֻ͵͵С
ַͷ˵һ׵ģҲ̫ãò˶ãǾͻƳư֢Ⱦ֢ҩʱǵĴڣҲͲ˵Ļˡ
ַƾ֢ҩˮֻʵЩҩˮϳֻۣʵ𲽿š
˵ķĵöʱ䣬ֱ绰ַһ绰ǹǴģϣˡ


334 ҩ
ҹƼұ
Ե޹ʵģôףüͷɻ˵
üҲеĶһɻҡҡͷ˵ʱ岻ãʱҸףҲ˵Ŀľʲô
ʱƼֵӵĵ绰˵ǹϻݷֵԴ˶еԻ󲻽⡣
Ҫ֪ƼȻҴҵ󣬿ں˵ȴҲֻϼ壬ԶԶ㲻öţȴǺǵһ֣ƽغƼҵĽҲܣôϸײصʱ׵أ
ֵԴˣ˼⡣
Ȼ벻ͨеԵɣǱҪ׼Ҫõģֵ֪ǽ֮󣬶ƵеӦ꣬ڼҵŹá
ʱһһȥʱ򣬹١
ǡƼֵܣЦӭ
úáЦŵͷ̬ԵúС
䣬˵ôˣȥ
²á˵ԼĸףɫҲȻ
˵Եһ£ȥȥ
㣬ȥ˸׷䣬Ƭ̺󣬻Źȥס
ڹǵһֱһˣĿһۣûнܣҲÿˡ
ƿ࣬ڴϣ߷˸һλĻʿһԣ鿴ϵݡ
ǽǿЦЦк
ǹе̸
Źһַͬ磬ַһ䣬þɨȥĲѾ˽⣬Ҳβİա
ĲִҽѧǶ˵ǲ֢֮Ƕڹ½˵ֻСһһƿ͵ҩˮͿԽ⡣
ַ˰գĿһᣬ˵ưҸһˣλַǵҽպ·ǣ˵ˣһ˹
ǵĽܣƼӵı鶼΢΢һ䣬ǵĺ«ʲôҩԵ޹ݷò˵ֽһİ˹˵ʲôҽûŪҽ͡
ƿȻɻǵŹǵ棬ַֻܶЦЦ˵Ϊ
ˡַ糯ŷɨһۣ˵Ҫ˵ĻǳҪ˵𣿡
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Ŀ⿴ַ磬ȴַ͡
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ַĶȻƼҸǣʱȴҲԹԵı졣
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ַЦЦ˵λǽɣȴǴˣҶû˵ҵĿĶ֪ˡ
һѵǰԼ׼ģ
ƿ΢΢һ𣬿ַĿ⣬Ȼһ˿
һ˵κһϣܹɾݣ֪ԼĲǾ֢ûܹԼƿ̲סϣ
ַ翴ƿ˵Ӧñȱڲ飬ҾͲ˵ˣֻܸ㣬ĲΡ
ַĻ·ʯ쾪һ㣬ƼӵȻը죬˶ˡ
̫ȻϢ鼤֮£ʱԱ߼ʱ򶼷εεεı
һĻɰƼֵһ
ֻǻû˷ӦַѾһִֻϣһĨɫĹâ˽Ӵһĸоӣһоˡ
ƽȣڷεξҲ֮
мллˣ
ҲþˣղʲôǼһڷ
Ҫǣ׵屻һգƺࡣ
֮ǰַ˵κǸ׵ĲǵľԲŵģַʩչһ֮ȴЩˡ
ˡַ絭˵ƺղŵ飬ûʲô˲ĵط
ַ翴˵Ĳκã
ĺʱŬѹԼƽ˵˵
һԵҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀַ磬ȴʲôҲ˵Լ˵һ֣Ӱ쵽ַĻش
ӵڴУַ΢΢һЦ˵ҵʵܼ򵥣һ飬ȫܣڶ³֮Ǳ밴г۳۸øҡ
ƿһ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ƿĿַһۣ˵û⣬ڸҲ͸
ַҡҡͷ˵ͲˣҲȱǮ򣬰г۽
ãͰ˼졣ƿַ˼˼ҲȱǮһûԼҪǼ飬˵÷ˡ
ƿҲ߿ַһַۣ粻ȱǮǾʹ޷ýǮҲܹ뵽ַǶôĲףҪԼãûܹ붯Էġ
ƿףַԼ뻹ǳŸġ
ƿûжʣҲûж˵ʲôȻǾ֢ţˣ֪֢Ϊ棬֪鲢ڣһ˶
ҪʲôҩĻ뾡ܷԸƼһȫԸŵ˵
ͬҲûлɣΪַˣ̫ˣǹΪһ֣ܴһƭǰôΨһĿܣǰһλܹƾ֢ҽ
ַҡҡ֣˵ʲôҪ֮ǰѾ˽㸸׵Ĳ֢Ϊ׼ҩֻҪ㸸׺ҩͿҩ
ַӿڴóһƿҩˮŵϣʾȥ
ӹҩˮ˫ֶԾĲսҩˮһʧҩˮе䡣
ϸ׷Ȼҩˮø׺ȥ
ַ˵ҩˮһСʱڲã˯һûˡ
򵥣ŵĽе
ַŵ˵ҩ֢ˣβô򵥡
⻰˵Ŀ󣬵ַź͸ղ¶ֶΣڳ˭ûлַ˵
ԭټҩˮʼЧֻǼһᣬͳ˯˹ȥ
ַľɨһۣȷҩˮҩЧ㽨ȥȴŵϢ
˶ûỤʿнַ缸˱ȥȴ


335 õ
ǿֱоѾϣַһֺƼֵܴкȥˡ
ַȻ֪Ƽֵܵ˼ûȷҩˮЧ֮ǰûмȥ
ڿһߵȴһ
ҽ̫ˣܸǣѧ𣿡ַҽĪȤ
ַЦЦ˵Ҫʧˣҵҽ˵ӦһߵʣźܸߵҪ󣬿˵һѧ˱ŵҽ
ǿ̫ϧˡϧ˵
һԵ󿪿˵ǵ־Ϳˡ
ַ˵ͷԼĳƺûҪǽиı䡣
Ҫǵĸãʲôģӣͻ˸⣬˵˸á
ַûֱ˵ҿһҹ˾׼ø˾ܲ
Ŷ˾ǣһһ˾ܲɱϻţƣҪ֪Ҳе˾칫أ¥㶼ȥġ
Ͼһõ̫ˣΪ˾칫ص㣬ʵռ˶ٵط
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˵֪˾ʲôľȻҪһܲ
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ԭˡ
ͷֺʵҩˮҲڹ˾Ʒ𣿡
ôܣַʧЦ㸸׵ҩˮֹƳɣҲֻҾ߱ҩˮҲǳͣҲó۵ġ
Щҩˮֻͨʹѵϣǲ۵ģǵļֵҲ޷ýǮк
˵ĶԣЩҩˮļֵѾ޷ýǮˣֻϧĻ⽫ĸͬ˵
ַЦ⵹Ҳһһֱо⣬ȻﲻҩˮЧҲ߱һЧԺԳƷҲδ֪ġ
˵Ŷˡðǹ˾ĲƷѾҺϼ۷滹һƵģۻϣǿкĵط
ַ⣬ַҲ뷨ۻһҪĻڣҲһܷĻڣҪֺֿõİѷչۣ۵Ȩȥһܺõ;
ַЦǿԽкģ£Ҳܣܲɺ۲̸
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ַ룬˵ɣȥúÿ
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ַصƵʱʱѾе˯£ɳ˯ˣȻһֱڵַ磬ֻ̫ۣѾǰ˯˹ȥ
ַ΢΢һЦŵϣΪǺñӣջ˫̲סĴһǡ
һ㣬ַٴڷ￪üʹôŲ뿪䡣
жɹ֮뿪ɽʱڽѾúһʱ̵ַ꣬һŲƣóڻɽн⡣
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ڶ죬ַȥ˴õĹĿʮңһʾ˵֣Ƕڸöԣʮңֻǵغͽõĳɱۣڵװ޺ЩֵѾԲˡ
ʮ¸ãַȻռıˡ
ֻƼ˵ǳԿҲռˣܹռˣңıˣǻ뱻ռΡ
Ƽҳ棬ܿͰʽַС
Ŀǰ˵ûȫַʹãΪлвٵͣȻƼѾ棬Щͽ޺ͬҲµʱ䣬ǰߣַ绹Ҫȴµʱ䣬ȫӵá
ַֻȴҲżϾĹ˾ڹģСºܲܰöʹδ֪أº󣬴õĴ󲿷¥㣬ע
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ַ϶ߵ˹ȥ͵˯϶˯
һ죬һתۣһڹȥˣַ˵ţѾʮַ֮࣬ջķᣬƽҲ쳹ϱ
ڸţƽַ֣঵ĸоҲӴĸԵľͷЩڰڵҪƷ͵͵ĲԷƽĵȡ
Щţ˲Ƶļ۸׷ƽ綼˶Ѱһƽ
ʵϣͲʲôͣԻƽ͵ȡЩŵĲ񣬻ƽۣѾǳˣ֪µĹ߶ֱѰһƽܹзֵһ
ֻƽ̫ˣûһҪץƽɲװ
һ䳲ֺͷ䳲磬ڸʽţɵĵһ죬䳲Żվ䳲Ҳʽߡ
䳲ߵĵһ죬վ̳˶ԡ䳲Ľܣ䳲ٶȺ͸Ƶ칦ܣ˺ܴһѣͬʱͻ򣬶֣ǿӡ


336 𱬵ķ䳲
䳲ʲôףȫǸӰӣܿ𣿡
ÿٶȰȻӰΡ
վţư
ڵδ඼ùһϵͳԶһ֣һֿֿ֮лĻӰֻһٵҪ͸ˡ
ǡ䳲ȴȫͬӰӾȫǸģٿĲ˵ģ2M٣Ҳı߹һΣ߹ۿӰ൱á
䳲ĸӰƬһЩϵӰ͵ӾҲǸ壬һЩһ壬Īĸ
Ҫ֪ǰϵӰ͵Ӿ磬ڵȫһģرЩϰĵӾ磬ȻҲǻ൱ֲˣв̹ۿĸо
䳲ȴܹܺõĴһ⣬µӰϵӰǸƬԴԿĻζ䡣
䳲վƾŸٸƣټûǮ棬̶̼ʱڣ䳲־ȸԾ𣬿ͻ˰ҳ汻趨Ϊҳĳǧ
һݶһ³ֵվԣѾ൱ţƵĳɼˡ
վһںС۷Ҳʽߣ˷䳲վ֧֣С۷һߣͻ˲Ƶĳɼյͻһ
С۷ŵ㣬𽥱֪ڽڶ̶̵İڣС۷Ѿﵽ˾˵ǧ߰һݻڲ
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ֻҪϷĺãϷͲûǮû׼׬Ǯ
½һãĹԶǳͣԵͣװļֵһװһװֱӰ쵽սʤʹϷĿԴ׷װͼܵĹУ㡣
ԡ½ĻãһĵͶ˵ԻвҶٵҪҲǳߣҲǵ´εͨ
Է䳲Ϊƽ̨ġ½ȴȫͬлҪǳͣһ̨ͨ˫˵ԾͿС½Ҷռͬ£ͨԼѰ٣ͿԳΡ½
ڶĴУ½һص㣬˵Ƕһġ
½һ̻ˡ
ʮ꣬ʱҲԸηǳԣرǵġ漣桷Ϊˡ桷ʮһ˻
ֻʱǨľϷϷõĸģѾԽԽûˣϷ̳ǵĳ֣ʹһ׷ûУϷûһ˼ǮҲԩҲûϷˡ
ϳһз䳲վϲڷ䳲ϿӰҪվʲôӰҵϲڷ䳲ֲӰһο񫡣
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һתһɭֵСϪߣһɫȹŮŮһ㣬ϪߵʯͷϣŵŻе٣촽΢ղŵ׸
ҲеİŮվſŮӵͷϳһĿ֣
Ļ΢΢һЦͬʱ֣ѯʱѡеҪʲôְҵ硣
ȻλİŮӣϷеָԱ
ֺϤ˵ܿͱϷɫϷȥˡ
ִУλڴӵ룬ϻɫ⻷ֻҪԻͿһ״̬⻷мӹģмӷģҲмħģʱ״̬⻷һֱά֣߻״̬⻷Żʧ
Ϊ״̬⻷ڳ֮ǰԻ
ϷеĸͬҲӰʱټ״̬⻷ǻᷢһֽŮÿÿԽȡһŮклõʱԻüƷװ߼飬ǸֺöҪϷÿȡŮұضѡ
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Ҷû뵽ϷеnpcŮȻʵȷˣլж׷Ҳͬʱ쳹磬֮˲֪
һϵеж䳲糹׻ˡ
䳲һ̰Ŀ⣬Ѿвٹ˾Ǣ̸ͶʣвٲŸֱ˵ϣܹչɷ䳲磬еĹ˾Ծܾˡ
䳲翴ƺһվ޶£ֻٶȿЩѣЩ繫˾ȴ׵ĺܣ䳲ļ൱ˣһܹõ䳲ĺļǱ缼ҲΣ֮ûеõһݼ䳲ϵƻԽԽǿ󣬵ȵ䳲ʱҲûǵˡ
ܸʲôۣݼһҪŪ֡
һʱ䣬˾չֶΣȡ䳲ĺļ
һܿ쵽
һֱӾ磬ڡ½ʼĵ죬Ӱεĺڿ͹ѾȻ䵽˷䳲ķϡ
ڷĵһʱ䣬ڵ˹ԶʼǵķϢԶĿϮ·ߣѰҵĿ걾壬ȻɨĿ걾ڵһϢһʱ򣬲ſʼ
ʮһ꣬ҵ׹ѧĳĳ˾Ӷ簲ȫʣͬʱҲһ߳ĺڿͣΪ˾ҪԼĹС飬Է䳲繥
һԵĹԱȵĽе磬Էķǽ
ԼϵĽ˿۾۾һĨţȻ˵ȷˣ׹ļȻǲһЩǺһʹұдĻǹҹҪӾͿԹǵķǽ
߷
ǺǣûƲ˵ķǽ
ǰ̫ţˡ
һ˿Եãǿһ˵ˣȲ˵Щˣһ𿪹ɡ
ֵСѸٵĶԷ䳲չ䳲ķǽҲһһƽ
ֿһ۵ĻĿǰĽȣӾͿԹƷ䳲ķ
һӣʱһһĹȥܿˣǷ䳲簲Ȼһ㱻ƵļûС
ɵɵĿŵĻĻȻʾڽǽ
갡ǽҲ̫˰ɣôư


337 ڿͶԳ
ɹʱڳǰͷͻȻͷԶǵͷ˽ȥ
ͷĿĻҲһѪܵĺ֣ҵˣ֣Լȥץ㣬ԼѡɣӣΪ֪ģ֪㸸ĸ޶ģ㲻Ӧ뿴㸸ĸ޶Ѫеģ
һͷϵܲһϸϸ亹
ʲôڿˣˣ
ִĿĻȫ벻ͨԷһġ
ˣڳ˵ĵ϶һѪܵĺ֣ұעŸԵ֡
ѪֿʼϷǵǰÿ˵ĳͥסַǼ︸ĸӵֺ͵绰д
вֱֱ̫̫ˣҲͬһֻĸо
ֵķ칫ﾲĵģ˶ĿĻĺˮ˳ǵ°͵ڼϡ
ĻһӺڵˣԵĵԴҲϨһɵĽζӵðȻյˡ
磬ô찡һĳԱתͷ֣ѾҪˡ
ô죿tmҲ֪ô찡Ҳȫµˣ˵ˣҲû˵Ĳ֪Ӧôˡ

ַ·ڶ֪ڿ͹¼ģȫԸΪԼ׼ЩС£дֻ·ַ֪ͨ硣
һʱƽԽԼѾµһļƣץƽҲˣֻǹڻƽϢȴûһչΨһϢÿһ죬ĳĳɱƽ˵Ϣ
ŻƽַջҲһ࣬Щ߰ĶȲ˵ˣַҪʯѹһٶţַԭ׼õʯĿǰʯѾİٿš
İٿʯħʿӦû⣬ַҲӵ˵
ַЩţʯ⣬ܴһԭȴΪЩڵؼͲ飬رЩŴĺйصĵ伮ַռصĿꡣ
ַ޸ĳµĹҲĻϸĽģܹøؼַǰԼĹ
ҪԲԶǿĹܹǿ
һʱжΪַ˲ٹż⻹һûбõĵ伮ַܿͰĿŵЩоԶϡ
ĹȻڶ࣬ҴоԶǻĶĥѣڶĹҲսмۣܹԭòӹŴģȴûм
ˣɹֵַĿ꣬Ҳû̫ࡣ
ַĿǾŻ£һ۵ǧɲ
ŻԣȴһǧĹţڸƣΪ֮һǹɡ
Ż۾ھŻɽ˼һҲҲټ
ַ绹ڹ鱨ڣ֪Ż۵ڵء
ŻǵţղоŲڹķÿһķ쾳磬ųƾŻص䣬Żܹǧ겻ıⱾŻص䡣
Żصڹ󣬲ַȴôַֻǿŻǵһӦղе̵伮ѡŻΪԼжĿꡣ
Żһ⣬ҹɫڻ£ֳַѰ⾵ԲԶɽ֮еĵ۽⣬ֻĽȴַһ
Ѱ⾵ϣܹΧһЩǵԪطӦЩԪطӦӦǾŻ۵ҹӣԭӦǾŻ۵ĴѰ⾵ȴ޷Ӧ·Żûһ㡣
Ȼⲻ
ܹģֻһֿܣǾŻ۴󷨵ı֮£Ѱ⾵޷鿴еʵ
ַصĿ˾Żһۣȴû̫ɫΪ紫ǧɣ̹Ȼһܹģ󷨱Ҳ֡
Ż۴ǧ꣬ǧ֮ǰ֮ûʧűǱ
ַٴο˾Żһۣתȥ
ַ粻֪ػŻ۵ʲô󷨣ֻҪôһ˿δ֪ΣգַͲԸðһԣΪûǸҪԼȥЦ
οŻ۱Ϊ֮һڵ֣϶٣ַóóȻĴȥ϶Ϊ
ɵ£Ųء
Ż²Υ̵ַתĿ꣬˫һĿȥ
ڶ죬йڻƽϢٴűƽˡ
ַ˯һŻ㱨ͷ췢ĸ飬оͰ˺ڿϮ顣
ַͷ˵ϵ飬ҵģҪҪעһ´úԱİȫСĶԷƻ
İϰ壬ĴɵĵѾ½λÿһʮ켶ߣ㹻ػõİȫ˵
ַ֮ǰѾ˽˵ĴɣһڡšȭڡţĴɴӦɳ켶ػãʱΪһ꣬ÿɻһƿҩˮ
ȭһεжУΪ˼أ˴һΣǿɾͲٹ˼ˣ̰Ѵ´Ӧ
켶֣κһ˵ǵмҲ̫࣬ÿɳ˵ĻǻǳģοʱҲһѡ
ﻹжʮ켶ߣõİȫбϵġ
ַ绹ѵ㻹Ҫע⺣ǱصĹԱСĴѹ
ɻʵϰ壬һֹǲǺ㽻ܺѵеعԱҶǣ
ַҡҡͷ˵Ǻҵ飬˲֪һȻһ֣Ǻǲһãʲô鶼˵ģοҲС
һҪ˵ǣ˲翿ԼǿٺãҲˣֻԼǿˣŲþ±˵ơ
ͬĵ˵ͷ
磬½кڿǰЩڿͶμӹԷ䳲ĽΪҵˣݱͥҲһǲҲ
ĺڿ֮Уһ˾ͽ֡
ڵĹ˾ںǣ飬һ˯žʵܲĵļ尾ӲͷƤ˷䳲硣
һ䳲磬ƺ䳲Ѿ֪Ҫֱſڵȴ֣Ұִ˽ȥ
ֱԷֶŻˣʲôҲҶ˵ֵֹĸ˽ȥ
ֻǺ淢飬ֳԾˣ䳲ַƸ룬ϣܹ䳲磬ȻӲ붼ֵɣȻѾˣô֮ǰ飬һʹ䳲粻Ϊ֮ǰ飬ٶԸ֡
Է䳲룬Щ˺ð죬ֲЩعֶֻڵǰŪͷҪܹмʱ俼ǿǡ
䳲Ŀʱ䣬ʱ䵽־ͽʧȥһλᣬҴӴ֮ûʸٴμ䳲硣
ͬģЩڿͣٺڿΪĽ䳲ĸ߳Ӧһֺڿ;һ㣬ϣܹǿǡ


338 һ
ںַ֮翪صϼҡ
׼Ѿãַˡ
֮󾿾һʲô˭Ҳַ֪ԼҲûס
ޱУΪַڵ龧һһأʱ䲻ˣҲû̫ʱȴ
οĿǰ£ַĶֶѾ޵ʱڣĻԺҵչڶ࣬ʱ¾ûʱˡ
һ׼ַǹⷨʦײ㣬ʼޡ
ַһħȻһǿ貵ǺڷкȻ飬ǺħĺģǺһ飬еħҲ޷棬Ѹ˳ַɢڿ֮С
ת֮䣬ַΪȫޣһǿħʿ±һͨˡ
Ȼ紫һ㣬ûá
ȻΪȫޣַȴһڵ龧֮Σڽ
֮УԷǺ˻侳ȥΪַȥȫϣپᱣ
ΪħͬһħķϳӰ쵽Ĵڡ
Ӱ죬֮УȥΪˣٴλóɳȵָʱ򣬾ٴһ飬֮ǰǿһ
ַ粻֪Ǽ٣ȥΪȴȻŶġ
ֻΪ˾ӣû˻зȥΪģϾףΪ˾ӣ˭ԸԷΪ
ַİͱ¡ħģڣôҲͱʾͱ¡ħ仹ܼʹãͱ¡ħṩ˲Ƽܣս磬Ųһǳռ䣬д˽ַָΪȫޣҲΣա
ҺҺãڣʹðͱ¡ħ䡣
ַ糯ֱϿȥֱһֻӡǣӡǴ˻޵ĴڣΪȻѾȥǻӡǻڣҲ޻ܼٻ
ֻ޿ɲһ㣬ַòײץĵޣǱޣҪֻ޾ʹʧַޱȡ
ַһֱһ޺˳ٴγֵĻ޺ǳ㣬ֻСèô󣬶Ҳޱȡ
ַԷΪĻͬشӰ죬޽״̬һֻСʱܹ
޺ַ͵͵ĽлһϵɫԵúȻ
ַ˻޺Դοģһȫ׼һָǿ
ޱǿޱȣǱٻ֮󣬱廹ڻ޽磬ֻһƷٻһƷӵбһǱʺͼܣǾǲֻ߱ܿԼȡ
޵ȡǱʺȻ޺ǵޣ˵Ǳ˫ַ̫죬ڼ̵ʱڽħʿ磬˶Ի޵Ի޺ȻǱ޵Уȴʵƽƽ
ַȥΪȻҪͷҲһĪĻᣬԶԻ޺
ַڴ֮ǰѾ׼һ£ܹǿĻޡ
ַ΢΢һЦĻ޺һѪαʯ
öʯɲһ㣬ֽжѪѪʵһöںƶɣΪ֮ʦжޣԱ˳֮ΪѪ
ѪһרԻ޶зĺϳɾʯ޷öѪܹӻ޵
ǶѪҲʹãÿһĻֻܷʮöѪʮöٷøĶѪҲûˡ
ѪЧǼ۸ȴҲľˣһöѪͼֵңҾ൱ˣǲ۲۵Ʒһ㷨ʦû޷öѪ
ͨ£;ĻûлöѪģΪǸǮͨ¶ǵȵʵǿҷ֮󣬲ǮѪޡ
ȻЩķʦûˣֻҪ޵Ǳֵǻ᲻ϧһдۣޡ
ַѾ鼮֪ޣһҲ׼ǶѪΪ׼ʮţ㹻޺νʹá
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Ѫڻ޺Ŀбҧ죬ѪҧƬȻȥ
Ѫո£޺⣬̷ѪӦ޺նѪеľԼ
ʵѪǲκģӵħܹ޵Ѫ֮ǱܣӶǿ޵ʵ¶ѪĻʵԽǿǱԽôЧҲԽá
˵̷ѪʱΣǵ˽߽֮ʱѾɳһռ䣬̷ѪܹһԼǿǱܡ
ȻΪǵȵ˽߽׾̷Ѫôͽ׾ȥĻᣬԻ޵ĳɳǻӰ죬ֻһԽʡҡ
ϾѪ̫˭ҲûôǮڵͼϣ˷ѶѪ
ַΪҲѪͼĲΣҲιʳ˶Ѫ
ȻѪµĴ󣬵ַţջ϶ҲǳҪ֪޵ʵ˵ʵӵģԽڣ޵ʵԽǿ˵İҲԽ
ҹڻһֱһ˵˵ޱµʱ򣬿Ա̬԰˵ԸûףӶ˵ʵֻ˵˭Ҳòȷ֤ȴҲ֪Ǽ١
ȴ˵ģ֮дһ֣Ϊӵлû
Ϊδ֪ĻûܣַҲԸԼĵޡ
Ƭʱ䣬һŶѪͱ޺ոɾ
ѪԭգټڵĻ޺ʵ΢ԲƣԺܿա
Ż޺ɹ˶Ѫַϲĵ˵ͷ
£ҪħʦܽٻַԷΪѾ͵ͨ˵ĳ̶ȣ޺ʵҲŵ͹ȣַЩ״̬Ļ޺ܲնѪ
ʵ֤״̬ĻޣҲնѪ
һŶѪ޺ľ״̬Եĺ࣬Ҫ˵仯ȴҲ
ѪҪܾǼǱʵԽǿǱ࣬õĺôҲԽڵĻ޺ʵ£ѪãȻҲ͵ˡ
Ѫڷµһ˲ЧǿģȻǶǱʵļʵԽǿʹöѪЧԽá
ÿһֻʹʮöѪֻȵʵǿŷöѪɾ˷˶ηõĻᣬԻ޵ʵӰ졣
Ϊ˻޵ʵַ粻ںҵģڻ޺ͼʱҲöѪ
¶ѪĻ޺Ըоַ£ַ緢ֺõĽ
ַ΢΢һЦóѪÿһöóһöһóʮö޽ʮöѪȫϣ̴Ӳ״̬ȡ
ʮöѪѾǺ޵ռޣַ粻ͶŶѪźһ֣յֱϵٻӡС
ѾιʳϣԿʼʽˡ


339 
ѾιʳϣԿʼʽˡ
ַóһֻͷڤͷ԰ͨ˴ﵽڤľ磬ͨħıرߡ
ڤͷֻħĳڻõڳɹħʦ֮òڤͷˣַҲһʱûʹùڤͷ
ַóڤͷͷϡ
ַֽԼĽһ飬һжû⣬㿪ʼڤ롣
ԪĻ޸Ķɣֹ߱ĸŵ㡣
ַܿĸԪضʱһҿٵĳַ忿£
ԪؽַڣγһССУԪвתԪҲͬʱһɫеתҲƯƹҽ֮С
ЩɫνˣԪصٶȣӶﵽӿٶȵĿģļ龧Ӷв
İأǶá
֮вתһɶȻΪһ
ǼֻеһָЧʧǻڣȻչ·תһȦų׵ļԪ֮Уһ˿Źֵħ
һ˿ħǳŹ֣ΪǴħҲǵԪһִԪԵħ
ԪǹŴʿĳƺԪʺ͹ߵǱߵԪҪǿࡣ
һ˿Źֵħ֮бӶ߱Ԫһ˿ԣǳ
еַ緢ڵһҲһ㶣飬ȴ֮ǰʼδģַҲû뵽Ч
ֻʱַѾû·ˣ˼ȥûѡ
ַһһ߹۲ڵ
Һô˿ַľȻǿԿԺĿԼڷһ״
ַܿͿ׹̡
̺Ԫ̴൱ж˶ںϹӶ˲һЧ
УὫڵħᰴİأһȦӶЧУħںϣںΪһһ˿µħ
һ˿µħħΪ壬ΪҪȻħȴԪЧ
һ˿ħӵʲôЧĿǰֻ֪еʹù󣬲ʵЧ
ַĵͷȻ֪µħʲôЧַۿ̣龧û©֣ûΣյһŹʽɡ
ַĬĬһСʱͣ
ħʦڤʱÿСʱַѾڤһСʱСʱڤ룬Сʱַ粻ڤ룬Ϊڤٶ̫ˣİԼʮٶȻ̫
Ϊַ֮ǰ׼ٿʯھõʯʱˡ
ַóһʯʼĬĬա
һŴ͸ƯʯʯСĴָС˵޼֮Ƭʱ䣬޼֮ͱַոɾշһѲ޼֮ϡ
ַۣȴоǳֵãΪһʯʹַΪͻͽȻѾʲôûеͨˣħѧͽ硣
һССʯȴǵֵùͨޡ
ַȴüͷоЩŹ֡
Ҫ֪֮ǰħʦʱҲ˼ʯѣǰʯʹЧƺٶ˺ܶడ
ַ룬óһ
һַרעĹۿڵ̣ÿһ趼Ա̡֪
һʯֱϣַΪٴħѧͽ磬ٶȲ̫졣
ô£ѵµĹʯƣ˵ʯ
ַüͷʯһһ߹۲죬һֱʯŷаء
ԭУд壬дµһСŻձħ͵ٶȻûб䣬յΪȴĲ̫졣
Ūаַ֮ϸһ㣬ڵٶ֮ǰķ֮һҲ˵ٶȱı
ıķٶȣɺʹʯ޹أַ粻ʹʯɹҲֻ֮ǰķ֮һַֻ̫ûзеĲѡ
ʹʯٶ̫ˣԺײеĽȱ仯
бףµĹȻŲŵ㣬ܹһܹǿ壬һͲһףٶȷֻԭķ֮һ
Ҳ˵µҪ֮ǰĹı
Ūԭίַ֮練óʯ
ȻѶıʯļӳ̫ˣʹʯַ֮ħһħԲǺˡ
ַͣûмתħǺǷǳҪʱַ̣粻ɡ
ַڵħѾﵽٽ㣬ʱǺˣַûôֹͣĬĬת鿴
һ鿴ַµĹ˸˽⡣
ַõǿޱȣڵַ磬ǵͲһͬսʿѷɫ
⻹û꣬ԪӵмԪ˺ԣ̳ͬһص㣬ַĹйһԪشһԪشܹԪض˺ӶǿԪ˺Ŀԡ
ħʦԶǵûнս̫࣬µĹܹǿǿ壬һ㣬ַʵɱӡ
úúãҲҴͷһֵ̫ˡ
ַ˷ܲѣ˷ּܹ鿴
ı仯⣬ı仯ħĸıˡ
ħǷʦĸǷʦԴȪħĸıڷʦ˵Ǻǻʹ֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵
ַǹ⣬ǰܡ
ˡǹӦһʦħַĿǰһСħܡ
ַͷǰСħȻʩʩ̣Բ鿴ħʲôͬ
һʩ֮£ַ̿а
ļ֮ڵħ˵߷ħԪȻϻħȴѾӵԪԡ
ʩһַ֮ѾеһЩַ緢֣ħĹ仯
һʩٶȿԭʩչһħҪʮ룬ôʩչͬħֻҪ룬֮ǰࡣ
ڶӵпٻָһħոʩչڵħͿٻָħĻָٶȱ֮ǰֹһ仯Ϊԣַһʩ͸оеı仯
ַ緢ԼħĿΪӣħ֮΢ƣֿƲԣҲűַ緢֡
µħƺŵ㲻٣ַҲȱ㡣


340 
µħһ㡣
ħصǿʩǿԭΪʩУΧԪأһ̿Ա֮ΪԽԽǿΪҪķʱ䣬ħʦʩٶȺ
ַʩȴ֣ԼڵħʧȥħγɾͲΧԪأʧȥǶپǶ١
ɱС̣ͬһħûر
ͬһħʱƲֵķôҪʮʮħܻɱԷһܹƿԷһħͿһ
ˡ
˵ˣޣԳߵĹƷɱС
˿ַ̣µħȴʧȥԣһħͣͲΧԪأҲ޷
޷Ҳ͵ʧȥħǿص㣬ڽ޹ʹַħƾ֡
ôģǲʲôԲȣ
ַ粻ģһ߻ʩһ߲鿴ϸڡ
ſţַ翴
ԭʩУַʩչħٶͣһħͣͲأȻҲ޷
ħͺͶȫͬĸ
ͺһմɣħ;ߣȻѾɣǻԽиġ
ħȴѾɣѾճ˴޸Ѿˡ
Ҳַħһʩչ޷ԭѾճɴˣܹٴ޸ģ
ַ˵ħ£ȴûĴڣһԼϳˡ
ħͻʧȥӶʧȥĳ߹ħͲһǴ
ħ˫ħ޵Укܶ෽ƽħ
ڹ½һ󱻳֮Ϊħ
ħרħģЩΪЩˡ
ħħħԻκħܣֻҪħܣħ£ᱻһӶɱˡ
ħҲзʦУǵĿǣħħʦһڶħ֮ǰɱԷĻɡ
ħܹƽħˣħҲһطԶԿħ
һطͱ֮Ϊħ͡
ħһͣ߱մɣȻھ߱Ҳᱻħƻ
ħ;Ϳƽħ
һƽ⣬ɾͲˣҪ֪Ϊħ⣬ȻлħƷǸ߽ħޣӵһħԡ
Щ߽ħޣˣѪ֮У֮⣬ӵħκħϣᱻ֪λ׵͵ħڻԶɢӶ޷ǲ˺
߽ħ޵ǿҲħйء
߽ħУľǾˣģҲǵħ
ħʵһħħھϣ֪ټϾǿƤҪħɱҲͳһܵ顣
ܹķʦȴָûеġ
ӵħ˵ħĿǣħȴܹƽħֳ˶ԸĲš
ֻħֻһִ˵еĴڣ½û˭ԼħܹԸħ
ħܹԸħȴʧȥħҪʧȥǿĹַҲ֪һһʧ֮䣬໹Ǳ׶ࡣ
ַҡҡͷϢһҹȵڶ죬һħʦ硣
ַ֮ǰѾḶ́ڽĹȻİµĹҲµħַҲ֪Ǻ˵ٴۣʲôЧ
ַ絣ĵһ飬ǷˣǺ˵۲ףַŬζûа취Ǻˡ
µĹµħȻŲе㣬ҲǺ˵ۣ֮ǰࡣ
ַϸѰе⣬أַ緢аء
Ǻ˵ۣҪħѧͽ۷Բ״ַ̬ۣѾ״̬Ȼ޷Ǻˡ
ַ緢֣ԭΪԼѾ۷Բʵȴˡ
ַΪԼ۷Բǰ֮ǰľжϵģǾַԼļȴ֣ԼħѾﵽµ۷Բڵ۷Բһľ룬ڵ״ֻ̬֮ܳΪαԲ
ַһҵͺˣ֪⣬ȻҲܹ⡣
⣬ҲýַٴóһʯħȻٴӣĽ۷Բ״̬
ַٴǺˣΪһѾ۷ԲѾټַԽ̷ǳϤ˳˳Ǻˡ
ַħһһǺȻᣬħʦɡ
ַĿʼնڹۿڵǺ۵ĵһʱ䣬ͰѾͶעǺϣǺ˵ַһһǺڲû龧
ַ֮νΪڲ龧ĵµĹ龧ںˣڽˡ
ַͷӣǰѻ޺ٻ˳
ַĽ޺ʵõǿһȦ֮ǰһֻСèĻ޺Ѿһֻ׳˶СҰˡ
ַҲܹĸо޺ɢһɲ͵ħȻħҲôȵ
޺һ־ͳֳַַ˼ǡ
ַ綺Ūһ޺óѪ޺ַóĶѪϲĴַֺͣõı顣
ַһЦѪ޺޺ĽĶѪҧȥ
ѪգƬʱͱַϣַȴ֣ʱ䣬Ҫ˲١
ַȴͷǶѪһԣʵԽǿնѪʱ䷴ԽҲΪʱ䳤޴лõĺôࡣ
һŶѪϣֵַϵڶѪʮöѪ޺ոɾ
ʮöѪĻ޺ʵһأԸͬһħޣӦû⡣
ַĻ޺ԴóһöʯһŵͼħˣͼħҲܼǿ޵ֻЧȫ޷ͶѪȣֻǸ޺ʳ
ȻħûжѪôǿǻ޺Դ˿һҲʳ߸˵İħȥ
ͶѪȣħ˵ٶȿɾˣһħˣҪ޺һʱա
޺ջصٻӡкַٴμԼ塣
Ǻ˵ۣʹַڷ˷츲صı仯ǿǼǿᣬͬʱħʱ䣬ħҲ
ַҲһ飬ľûκα仯Ҳ˵֮ǰŵģǿĴţǼٵġ
ַľάԭģ
ϣַԼٴóʯʯԼʵ
ʵӣַʯٶҲԽԽ죬ڵʵһʮʯӦû⡣
ʮַϣַʵҲһأʦ磬ȴһ룬ַһΣӦþͿԽʦˡ


341 ģ
ַͷԱߴһս磬ħ
Ȼַľûб仯սЧҲ
ʵСʱսȴǧСʱȻﲢħȴϤܣڼܵһĴڡ
Сʱַս˳Ĭ˫üʲôûн
죬ַ޺ٻŪһȻһħˣٴΰѻ޺ٻӡǡ
ַóʯһһһֱʮʯַ͵ĸо֪ѾＫޣҪٴգֻܵȴˡ
ʯգַڵħһأ˴ﵽ۷ԲƣҪﵽ۷ԲҪħʮʯﲻ̶ֳȣҪոʯпܴﵽĿꡣ
ʯϣַٴνսħСʱַսһγַϴһ˿ϲȻַ˲Сջ
죬ַ޺ιʳħˣȻʯսܡ
գַħʦ۷Բ״̬Գħʦ硣
죬죬죬죬ַιʳޣսܣȴûмħԼħʦ۷Բȴûмͻơ
ڰ죬ַսгɫɣϻϲɫȻЩŬջ
Ȼջˣջ񻹷ǳĴ
ַżȻ֣µħһԣܹ˲伤ħּȶʱʱ飬ַ羭ЩսĲ̽ϰŪаأѾ˲أ˲伤ħ
˲伤ħһϵ˲ħͬʡȥħḶ́⶯ħȻɣ˲˷˿ʱ䣬ֻҪħתܷħ
һ˲ħû㣬Ϊʩ̫Ѹ٣ʧȥħḶ́ħħɣڲ£ħӱġ
˵ħʩչٶѾﵽ£˲ȴħģսø͡
ַȴ֪ڱ׵ġ
ַͷһ˲Ƶͨڣ˳ͨ½
½ַ鿴ڹ½ϵʱյ꣬ǷЩ궼޷ʹãҪַħ̫ˣκһʱյ꣬Ŀǰħ޷ɴ͡
ַҲû룬̷ų˫𣬳˫ſȪɭֶȥ
Сʱ˫͵˿Ȫɭַ֣˫ɭֱԵ
ַʱ򣬸պһ֧ðСҪɭַ֣µӰպñǿ
˫𣬺ǮļһУһݵսʿַµ˫һ˿Ľ
˫Ȼȼߣֻһħޣȴǲʺϳķħޣһֻ˫ֵƣܹ˫ˣҿ϶Ҳǳ
༸ҲĽĿ˫иǻţʲôʱԼҲӵһֻǸöˬ
˵սʿַģͻȻһ˿ȣĵĿӳ˵ϴ㿴ԷһˣҪҪ˵꣬˸ͷơ
еϴһսʿϴȫףؿһɫͷ־
һںǹӶţһȪɭ֣һʵսѵɱħ׬һ졣
սʿַһۣüͷ΢΢һ壬ҡͷ˵£Ǽһ²򵥡
ȪɭȻûи߼ħޣҲǰȫĵطܹһǰȪɭ֣ԷȻ򵥡
ٺ٣Сãϴġ
ַ糯һȺ˵ɨһۣ˫߽˿Ȫɭ֡
ɭڣַų˻޺޺ϲķַܵߣΧַ粻ܶ
ַĻ޺Դһ䣬޺Ѿַ˼˳ĳſȪɭ˽ȥ
ַ΢΢һЦĸҲ߽˿Ȫɭ֡
ȪɭڶħħޣֻȴûڿȪɭ￴ħޣһħ޺Ͷħޣȴǽ
ͨ£ħ޻ɭɭֱԵһħޡ
޺ɭֲͻȻݴһ̵ֻĶ߷·𶾼һ㳯Ż޺Ȼһֺֿ죬޺̫˷ܣֻŰͷܣûпߣʱҧмǶһҧ£Ķʹƻ޺ƤĶҺѾע뵽˻޺ڡ
޺һʹ֮£һȻһ߸𣬺صڵϣ̶Ҳ򵥣ڻ޺ʱɿ߿ڣɵһԡ
̶Сɣʵȴǲ۲۵һħޣҶħߣҶħϵƬ·һƬƬɫҶӣԲҶħߵ֡
Ҷħһħ֮Ҳǵ׵ĻɫǿҲûʩҶħߵ߶ȴ쳣ҶħҧһڣǶħҲбΣա
ҶħһأĵεһԣȴߣǰѾҧһڣԼĶԣֻҪȴԷͿԱһ١
ҶħʳԵİãżҲϮﶾ֮˳űǻĴԣʳԽ
Ҷħ˵Խһ͡
޺ɲ֪Ҷħ߰ԴˣҶħߵĹѾŭݺݵıԷ
޺һУ̷һڲݴҵҶħߣԴ˫ɫ۾ݺݵĶסСɵҶħߡ
ҶħЩֵĿǰ˵ҧеӦûеڵû֪ŶԵģΪʲôֻﻹվ
ҶħߵȻףǰﲢѪһٻޣһԪ壬ҶħߵĶҺ񾭶ҺԪЧġ
ԪԴ󲿷ֶҺɶߵģ߶˺
ҪԪжҲҪء
ҶħߵĹȴŭ˺ޣ˲ݴҶħߣŭһҶħ߳ȥ˶ŵ󣬳Ҷħߺݺҧȥ
Ҷħȴɵһӣ̶˻޺Ĺת˻޺һ࣬һڻ޺ҧһڡ
Ҷħȣ޺ٶƺ̫һЩ
ʱ޺Ľһ޺һ⣬һһˮ͸ڻ޺ϣͬģΪҶħ߸պҧڻ޺ϣһˮͬҲϡ
޺һ˿âˮһ˲ۼҶħߵϣγһˮ
ˮеҶħƴĳߣȻ߻Ӿˮк½زͬҶħ½ֲ֣Ǻߣˮһ
ʱ򣬻޺תһҧˮҧУˮеҶħҲҧ
䵽޺еҶħҲûз޺ҧ÷飬һȥ


342 壩
ʵս˵ĵطڻͬˡ
Ҷħߵ͵Ϯ֪ΣˣûͷûԵɵɵǰɫÿһС
Ǵħ޵ȷǳƻǳرЩС͵ħޣʵߣһ㰵ɱ͵Ϯ˷ʤ޺Ȼɫ䱸ǺѶǵĹıˡ
һ졢졢죬תۼ䣬޺ѾȪɭˡ
أ޺ţɽŲ·ʱž׼κʱ򷢶ͻϮ
ٴЩħ͵Ϯʱ򣬻޺İؾ棬ӿʼı򣬵ڵİܶʤ٣ڵѾЩħ޵ѧǱ͵Ϯı죬ƾǱʣսҲǸʤһʤ١
һֱںַͷŰѻ޺ٻԼߡ
޺ϱˣС˿ڲЩƶˣټϻʣԿ˺ʵ˺
ֻҪһЩ˺ȻʹȴẦ
ַĻ޺ԴＸ䣬ȻзԻ޺ͷˮ˺
ˮƣ޺ϵ˿ۿɼٶȿϣСʱַڵħһ޺˺ҲȫȬ
ò˵ˮϵħȷûйϵôЧַľħκû޺ƣҪǻɹϵħֻҪħͿԽ⡣
ֻϧϵħԪħݣֻйʦʩչϵħַȴûѧϰħˡ
ַͷԭؾվڤķʽٻָħ
޺ҲžػһԣΪԼ˱ݻ
ַһڤȥСʱڵħȫָ
ָֻٶ˵ȥŻһˣҪ֪£ħʦħȫľҲҪһʱȫָϣַħָٶѾǱ˵
Ҳħһص㣬ħָٶȿޱȡ
һƣڵսУãϾսʱ򣬶ֿɲʱڤָħֻս֮ӵиǿս
ַħָ޺ջصٻӡǣȻಽĳɭȥ
ȪɭֲΣ֮أַ绹û߳ףݴһ죬һųȵĻͳַ˹
ַȴû̫ɫһ̧֣ͬһŻзŻڿһըɵƮ
ַٴһָһŻзֱŲݴȥ
Էû뵽ַķϬϮͬʱȻһĶһڲݴȻըըĳը˳ȥ
һֻĺַ꣬ϳݣһħޣ
ûȻأһ⼤ڰоͻ˻ĲҽУڵϵʱ򣬴Ѿ絽ڡ
ڵϣȻܣֻǻûܿԭӲĵȻһɳأ˵Ļֻһ£ͱɳȥ
ַٴγɳһָɳʼ̣Ƭ̼γһƬӲʯ
ֻõʯ
ħʦǺǣˬַٺЦţ̲ס¶Եõɫ
Ȼʧȥʹħ˺޷ǳߵ˲ȴֲһȱ㣬ҳʩĿУҲ̵ʩܹġ
ΪʲôҪ˵սʿȷʦѪΪսʿĻ赶Ƶʦκȴֻܱ侲̵ֻʩչħսʽĲͬҲ˫Ը£Ҳȫͬ
ǲɷϣƵ⹥ķǳˬ졣
ַսһӱԼľȫչΧħ޵Ӱ
ãҵһֻǰһʮ⣬һֻɳڿʳһֻѪģ
һʮ׻ڹΧڣַľԷһ˦һŻͳŻɳ˹ȥ
ħ޶ħҲǳ񣬻ɳ˸оķӦݣǿŻȻϣȻը޴ıը˳ȥ
еĻɳصһҽУǻûڵϣڶŻٴδϣȻըԭ˲ĻڶŻըء
ַ粻עһֻɳǿٵĳǰȥһܣַչֳ
ӵͬǿЧַͬսʿһ̿Խ׾룬ܵٶȿ缲硣
ַľѾһĿ꣬һֻצɽèצɽèΪһ˶צӶһħУצɽèѶԸħ֮һ
ΪצɽèǱٶȶͬѰһֺѲħޡ
ַûԼǰмܶ죬ֻܿצɽèľצɽèַķ˹ëǸ߸צɽèǰࡣ
ַ粻ǰƹһŴ֮ڲƺϿֻצɽèͬʱצɽèҲַ硣
ϣȷצɽè
צɽèļ͸߸Ѿս׼ַһǰצɽèȻһԾһϣȻһ㣬ַһϣ˷أһּΪֹķʽӽַ硣
Ϣ䣬צɽèַͷȻ£ǰצǶԵһצݺݵĳַͷǹץȥֻҪһʵˣצɽèצӣܹ˺ͷǹǣȡ
ַȴڴʱȻһͬʱһ̧һεľ޴дַз˳צɽèȻ۾һУǿµӸ޴ֻĿķдԼĲϻ
һצɽèĲ϶ʱһѪۣѪɽǿԴϵ
ַһצɽèʬžһǰѪܿһء
ַצɽèʬ壬ǰһ·ǰһ·ɱжַħޣûһֻܹӹַɱ
޵еĸоʵ̫ˬˣħʦ
ڶһ磬ַѻ޺˳һҹ޺Ѿָ״̬ٴζЩһħޣѾڲ֮أ㲻ܻʤһܾˡ
ڻ޶ԣܹͬ£һ㣬ѾǳѵˣҪ֪޵ʵֻ˵һ룬ͬ£ǱȲħǿģ޸ΪһֶָΣҪս
Ȼַ绹Щ⣬ܵϵƣ޺ʵѾѻѾļˡ
ʵϣҪַȺ޺ιʳ˶ʮŶѪ޺ǾԴﲻʵġ
ʮŶѪǼֵʮңʮҾʹһЧѰĴ壬Ҳôݳ޵顣
޺ʵѾﵽޣȼˡ
ַ˴εĵطû޺ػԼʼħʦ硣


343 
һ׼ַ翪ʼħʦ硣
Ĺַ죬ȻЩͬǴ൱
ַһǺۣǺ˵ַۣħʦ硣
ַһʼ״̬
Ǻ˵䣬ַʵȫرǷΪɹֱۣħҲͬž
ַԼڵ״̬ǳ⣬֮Ҫͬķʦǿࡣ
״ַ̬óʯһһʹַʯٶԽԽ죬ܹʯҲԽԽࡣ
ħʦַ֮ÿʮʯ֮ǰǻϢȴҲʵӣַҪոʯ磬ʮʯգֻһСصΪҪʯܽħʿ硣
ħʿˣԺħʦ磬Ҳ֪Ҫʯ
˵ԶˣȻصħʿ磬ɡ
ɽǰ·뵽취ġ
ַ΢΢һЦ߿ȥַߣ޺Ȼʵľܡ
Ϊַڽʱ򣬲ûаѻ޺ٻٻӡǣԴʱĻ޺ûַ羳ʵ
ûйϵֻҪַѺٻٻӡǣٻӡһ޾ͻӦʵ
ַŻ޺һ㣬޺Ϊһ⣬ֱϵٻӡ˽ȥ
ַʩҲȻַһһ㻤ܣ㻤ӰΣַߵҰݾȴѹƣһߣǷϵħܡ
ϵܸһΣɢת˲䣬ַһɫܣ⣬ϵħܡ
ڴַ֮ϵħܲлһϵħܣһϵħܣһϵħܣһϵħܡ
ܵлٶԽԽ죬ڿ˲ܡ
㹻ˣѾ˲ܡ
ַͣѾϤµľ磬˲ħܡ
֮ǰħʦȻҲͷħܣΪʵޣʩչǲ٣ںˣħʦ磬㹻ʵ˲ħܡ
ħǷʦҪķֶΣܹ˲ħܣҲַķ
ַ簵ͷµħȻҲб׶ˣܵ˵ȴڱףַʵҲ֮ǰͬն
ַڴ˵һϤħһ߰ĵȴȴڼҲûΣգʱʱľħ޳˹
ЩͼħޣȻһ̣޷ֱֵǿַֻ統ͨצĳ˹
ЩͼħַѾսȤһУһŻܽС
⣬ڲ䷢ˡ
һֻħͻȻ˹ַͷҲû̧һоʹ˹ȥǳϣǵвûɱֻħޣֻħ޵סеĹˡ
ַ΢΢һ㶣תͷȥԼǰһֻҰɫľ֩룬ֻҰɫ֩гְʯһĻҰɫ󣬶ֵǣ֩ļϣһɫС
֩룡
ַССĳһ֩һֶħޣһһַǳټϡϧħޣΪ̫֩٣õļһɿ֩롣
Ҫ֩ҪҲԼź
Ϊ֩һֺϵħޣĻ֩ڼϳһССֽ֮һϡеħƷ
֮ʯػ䣬ЧڶʱϵħϵʩߵĿǡ
֮ļֵѾԽҽкһַǳħƷҲԽҹ
֩뼹ϵַ֮統Ķˣ֮ǺöѵãȻԼϣ;ԲɷŹ
֩뱾ʵǿóһαװܹԼαװһʯαװʯͷʱ򣬼߾ҲѷֱαҲǻ֩룬ľ
ֻϧĿǰ£֩αװľѾ޷Ч
֩սǿķȴǿʯһ壬ǿķҪɱ֩룬Ҫһʱ䡣
ַ緢һдڻ֩ϣȴֻϴһǳǳ˺ۣʯ֩ķɴ˿ɼһߡ
⵹һ򣬻֩ͻȻܵһ㣬ȻȾܡ
ַȻŹ֩룬Ż֩һ㣬һŻͶŻ֩˹ȥ
ϵħϵħ˺ӳɡ
ڻ֩ϺȻը֩ϱһѺۣ֩뷢һŹֵĽܵĸˡ
ַ粻ΪһŻŻŻĿŻŻ򡭡ʮŻַʩٶ̫ˣգۼʮŻ򣬶ʮŻ򶼴ͬһط֩뷢һҽУ䱬壬
ַ΢ЦͷԼĹǳ⡣
Ի֩ķԼֻʹʮһŻͽУѾǳˡ
֩ϵ֮ʼɫɫСһɫĻ䣬ɫĻ䣬֮
ַ첽ǰѻ֩뼹ϵ֮ժ
֮ʵͨ·ߵҰûʲôͬϸϸܵĻ֮ڸоһֲͬϵħӶ֪ڲͬ
ַһᣬͰе֮
ڴʱһֻðСҲǡ˹
ϴ쿴ǻ֩룿
ףǻ֩룬̫ˣȻ֩롣
ʲôõģ֩붼Ѿˣ֮Ҳ˲ˣһ仨֩ʬѣֵ˼Ǯ
ƽʱ˵ɵ㻹Űɣû֩Ա𣿻֩ʬ廹ʵģȻãʯ֩ӦþǼһɱģ֮϶Ҳ䵽Ǽһϡ
ϴô˵ҪҪ֡
ӳ˰ɣ
֮˵ǼֵǣΪ֮ɱˣʵ㲻ʲô
˵Ҳɣһ֧ðСӣַɭǰһ֧顣
Ķӳ׵սʿսʿųпȥַ磬ֿУǾĿĻ֩ʬ壬Ҳȵ̰
֮ǰַ綯֣Ϊ겻ڷֻ֩룬񣬿Զˡ
Ϊ˷ı꣬ðһЩգҲֵá
սʿԸɬ촽ԼĶ鿴һۣ˵ԷǷʦ׼ǹȥȥ
սʿ˵ĺޣĶԱǸ֣Ѿϴ˼ٺһЦڶӳ󣬳ַȥ
ַʱҲһ֧ðСӣԷһʮһˣһɫսʿм˵ıŴ󹭣ӦѧϰԳ䵱֡
ʮһУͭսʿսʿһ֧ʵðСӡ
ǶĶ飬ַη塣
ʮһ˳ַһһսʿѺõĳַЦЦɵ˵𾴵ķʦˣǺӶŵʮ߷ֶӣҿһˣǷӵʱǷֶӣǶպȱٷʦļܹǿǵʵҲΪṩܣǿ߷ֳɣߣһΡ


344 ߣ
ַ糯ŵϵĻ֩ʬ忴һۣЩ²⣬ǻΪ֮Լ鷳
ַ粻ҿ϶ҲԷͼŶԷҡҡͷ˵ˡ
ַѾ֪һȺ˵ʵűʤİգԱҲԵúɡ
ַҡͷսʿһ߿һ˵ķʦˣǵı̫𣿹ڱ꣬ȫģöٲźʣ˵ҿǿǡ
ַҡͷʲôҲ˵ˡ
սʿƺ˵Ҫɣôٸһɵ棬ıĲˣҪ֪ǿʮһˣֻһˡ
սʿ˵˫ľԽԽܿ˫ľֻס
ԷͼѾˣַ絭Ŀ˵Ϊ֮İɣ
սʿĽŲԵһ٣Ȼļ߹ɻ˵֮ǵǺҪ֮֮޼֮СӶô֮
װˣҽµĻ֩룬ѵǿ𣿡ַһЦֱ˵
ǻ֩밡ҿǵһο֩롣սʿȵĽ
ʵϣȷǵһο֩룬ֻħͼ¼Ͽϡħޡ
ǲҪٹˣĻҵħɲˡַ羯
ķʦˣ˼ôΪʲôǲܹ𣿡սʿʱ˫ľֻס
սʿѾȫ
ַƺսʿĻٺһЦ˵汻˵ˣȪɭ֣ҵطΧڣҲҵء
ַذ֮һʡȪɭҲȷطΧڣء
սʿǲȻĳ˳飬ȻǰַĻɴţˡ
ʱսʿȻڵһȣǿȵĵȻը޴ķ£Ӿͷ·ڵһ㳯ַȥ
սʿǹһĨЦƺѾǰᷨʦһײ֮£ѣѪģľ
Цƺ̫һ£͵ΪԼʤʱȻһײȴˣǰᷨʦڱײеǰһ̣ͻȻʧˡ
䣡

սʿ㵵һͷȴԭӦñԼɱᷨʦͻȻڶȻһſŵĻз
·ͻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬˭Ҳû׼սʿͱƬû£սʿ壬ɵֵĹ
׼һĶ˶ķûɱǣɲô׵顣
˾ֵһĻˣķʦӵųʩеĻ·һ㳯ǺɨÿһսʿٶգۼöĹ
ö˺ǳ£Ǽ̵ĶҲֵסĹǿƻ˲˺ǵĶƿǵףǵ壬˺ѪģƬ
ڼ̵ʱڣйսʿͻͻϮ£ɥ
һĻսʿþˣû뵽ǰᷨʦȻǿ֪ôǿ˭ȥ
ӣ
սʿðͷԣߣǰᷨʦܹԸģΨһĻ·Ǿߡ
սʿɨȫһۣһ󣬾һսʿˣ군ˣǾȻֻʣˣİ˸ˣȫɥлһսʿ
սʿб䣬֪ԼӲˡ
ӣѾӲˣҲˣôܷ
ҲûˣԷĹ̫ǿˣûзأղŵսУȷҪֻûߵԷǰͱԷٷö򣬺Ƭ
ӲˣҲˣһɾսʿӡ
Ƭ̼䣬µսʿҲȫ
ھʣսʿһˡ
սʿͻȻԸūǰսʿԸΪЧңΪ£ķʦˣŹҰɣһսʿҾͿƽ
ľ£սʿϺ˸ֻҪܹӵԸΪԷκ飬ǳΪԷū̷ԷΪˡ
ϧˡַҡҡͷսʿУһһŵĻսʿϡ
սʿһȫתסĹɭȥҪƴˣҪΪԼȡһ
ʱսʿһ
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սʿḻһ֪Լɳħ
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սʿһڶȻ·һֻȭͷݺݵĺɳһУɳغȻսʿ񱩵ĺɳ˳
սʿյʱһűݺݺϣըһǿıӡ
սʿĶٺâǻԶ໥ƣַ緢ԴﵽԱƻĿġ
˺ûлǿǱȴӵб˺еսʿ֫ľ
оľսʿ̵Ԩ
һľ䵽Ϻ󣬶һٻʱڶűڶűϣһ˪
սʿĶˣڴʱȻһ̡
̴սʿıȻͻϮսʿѾо˺󱳵쳣ƴҪ̵ĹǱ壬޷Ĵ´ָ̻ٺĶ˼Ӳףӱ룬ؿڴ̳սʿ·һһϡ
սʿһ죬һѪ˳ȻһЦĿַһۣʲô˵Ͷˡ
ַ粢ûע⵽սʿͫһ˿⣬ʧˡ
ϵħصǿٶ£̺ѻսʿᱻǰܵı˺ٻʱ̴С
ˣʮһսʿ
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ɱϣַ翪ʼʰսбɱߵ壬ַһ飬õĶʰûõĶ͵ضѾõףַһȤûУֱӴʬϱڵء
սʰϣʬףַȴûȥˣȪɭħޱأò˶ʱ䣬ȻħЩʬ塣
ַͷɭȥ
Ȫɭ⣬һǣǱȶСȻгǣʵֻһһС
ӶŵפؾڿǣӶҲǿӶ֮һ
˿̣ӶųͫͻȻһ˿⣬ǰͻȻһӰڴһ˵ͼ񣬳С
ͬʱһ̵ĵʣ֮
ַĻͻᾪȵķ֣ǰĺӶųͱɱսʿһģһΨһͬǣսʿǰսʿųȴǻƽսʿ


345 ˣ
ţַͻȻһ¡
֩αװʯͷž⣬һǳʮ֮ڸֵ֪ǿֹǿβͳɱ
ܹ֩ڣǿαװ飬
ĻԻ֩ǿʵͱðɱþˣôܻڡ
ʱַ֩ʱȲѡ
֩ܽ⣬˾ܱİȫַ羪ȵǣΪʲô־Ļ֩뻹ԶѵΪԶԼˣ
Ҫ֪֩뼸ûɱУ֩ð߶Ϊ֩ڲʳżȻ䷢ֻ֩룬ʱ֩ﲫ޷أűɱġ
ַֻ֩ȴԶײֱַɱǰַ統ˣԵúܹ졣
ַЩ벻ͨΪʲôֻ֩Զײ֪Լǿ
ַĽŲȻһ٣뵽һ㣬⼸ںħ޵սУħ޵ķӦҲһޣ￴СħޣҲҺֱײҧһڣȻܲ
ͼħȻߣҲһоûеģһЩħħʦǻƿ·еħ޶ֱ˺ҧ
ÿ޺ߵʱЩħͻ٣޺ߣħͻȽ϶ࡣ
ôħܹо޺ǿԲ޺ˣǸовԶַͳ
ַǵƺû޺ߡ
ԣͳԼϡ
սʿǷʦ໹ħޣΪԽԽԽ󣬱ҲԽҶ֡
ǴĿǰַƺЩħ޸оַвֻǰͨԴԲŻֺ
ˣôģ
ַ뵽һֿܣܿǳµħϡ
ַǰĽŲһǰһ̽Ѱڵİء
νʵҲһεƣԽǿʵԽǿԽʵԽ͡
ħͨӦƵǿӶ֪ʵǿŻǹܵѡ
Ƶ󲿷ʵΪԽߣԽܹɢǿƣ˵ȻҲԽǿˡ
ַо֣ԼǴħʦƷҲǺͶħ൱ΪʲôЩһħ޻ɵһͷײ
ⲻѧ
ַһǰһ߲ԭ򣬽أַҳаء
ԭǳǺϡ
һֱַ綼ֻǼǺû龧ȴûע⵽ǺҲڲ֪в仯
ַڵǺ˺ǹ죬һ첨ڴ˲֮£ַħᱻڸӶ˸оַɢħҲͲַ֪ʵǿ
Щħ޸оַʵС£ַ統ͨ˿ﴦַŻƵħ޵Ĺ
ַоǺˣأǺ˵İǺ˵ĲԱпƣĸı䣬Ҳʹɢ֮ı䡣
ǺɢĲǳСʱַϵƻȫȥַڶԷĸӦУͻʧڡ
ַƾͻɱħʦʱԱħʿƣħʿʱԱħʦƣħʦʱԱʥħƣ˫޵С
ַ΢΢һЦѾմط
ַ罫ԼչħʿƾչɣǿܣҲûһ۵ħ޸鷳
ַͷƼǰһǰһ߼оǺ˵İء
ԭǺֻħ۵أħ洢ħûãַڲŷ֣֮ħı仯ǺҲ֮仯Ǻ˱죬칦ܡ
ƵĴСֻǺ˵İ֮һ
ַ鿴ǺˣȻַеĲ֮ͬ
һǺˣһſտǵˮ飬洢ħַǺڲȫտǷֳ㣬ʮ䣬ħʮ֮󣬲Žڲ洢ġ
ַȻһͻȻ뵽һ絤
ַһ̶һֳżⱾżС׭дɣдšʵ
ʵݽǹŴʿ͵ʮֽ𵤷ţÿһַŶ޳һֽ𵤣ÿһֽ𵤶صĹЧ
ʵʮ𵤷Уһų֮Ϊ絤絤ɾʮƣÿھ絤һȦһ֣תϾȦΪһ죬ŷ֣ƥƷ𵤴
絤һ֮ͨΪ磬Իûƣ˫Σʱ̣ƣ˶֣Ӷһ
絤֣Ҳɴ˶
ⱾʵַżȻһϵ͵ȻѾסеݣǲûϸϾˣ͸˵ˣйؽ𵤵֪ʶͺãȴҲԴ
ַֻҲ벻ԭΪ޹ؽҪĽ֪ʶʱȻó
ַЩЩϲѵԼ޳ˣ
żַ֣̿ٵķ鿴ʵ˾ƪ
ַοĺ棬ϸϸ鿴ϸԱȣһַ֮ż˫üȴԾĿһ
ԼǺˣƺĺܹ찡
ͽʵмصľ絤˶Աַ֮緢ԼǺˣ絤ֺͽֶһ
ϹʿƷ磬һƷڶƷ쾳Ʒ𵤾ƷԪӤƷԪ񾳣Ʒɾ
𵤾ΪƷ֮ϣֻпԽͽ𵤡
㵽½𵤸Ҳħʦĳ̶ȣҴӶԽ𵤸ֵ𵤾ӦñѰħʦҪǿһЩ
𵤾ı־ɽ𵤣ַ˵ǲɽ𵤵ģɹ͹ַڵǺˣŽ𵤵һЩԡ
ַҲˣǺн𵤵ԣȴûн𵤵
ͺQQͱǶнγQQͱһ
ַǺž絤ԣȴûо絤ַԳĽԼǺˣ֮Ϊα𵤡
ȻЩԳɷִһ˿⡣
Ȼû𵤵Ž𵤵԰ȱ˵ǺȣַŽԵǺˣҪǿࡣ
ʵַҲЩ²⣬ԼǺ˻ͻ仹Ǻйء
Ҫ֪вֻ޽𵤡
ַȻûħȴµħѾǴԪ߷ħԪԪ
Ǻ۵Ḷ́ͽ۵ĹͬǺԪУײ֮£Ҳα𵤡


346 ţ
ַи˿ɾĲƺϯض
ٴλһʵмصţзŶѾſʼħ
絤ӵԣַǺȻα𵤣ǱȲ𵤣Ǿ絤Чȴ̳˹
ս𵤷ţַ翪ʼħǺڣһ˿ħǺеľʮһȦһȦеǿٵĺܣֻҪһӾͿԣ֮һ˿ħһ֣ٴǺˣȴҲٺǺڵħںһ𣬶δγħһħԭʼħһħħ
ħʸģѾ֮ǰħͬҲݡ
ַһڵħʩչһ׶ָһ㣬һâָǰһֵĴ۵һ죬âϴһĴֵָĿն
ǿ
ַо̾һħҪԭʼħǿ֣еʱ˳Ҫ֮ǰһЩ
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ʵѾ֤ħҪû֮ǰǿ
ַͷµħһ˿һƵħʮ֮󣬺֮ǰħںϵһħԽԽ࣬ԭʼħԽԽС
һַ֮ڵħȫɣħǿͬʱħҲԽϡ٣һΣȫħ㡣
ȫħɣַϢС죬̿ʼڶ絤ž֮ΪܹŴΣÿһαǿһ֣ŴΣ
ֹ˰죬ַħ˶Ϊ˵һһεҪֻ࣬Сʱ
ַٴγħȻǿһЩ
ǿȫʩٶȣָħٶȣħȫ
ĺôַܲѣεֱ֮ǰһЩڸ̵ʱ
ַʤ׷ʼĴһȴȫûЧѾﵽļޣαֻΣ֮ûЧ
α𵤾α𵤣ƵĽȻвġ
ַҲ֪ˣεַڵħֱСһ룬ħȴҲ֡
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ҲǵħȫʩٶȣħָٶȣħȫսҪ֮ǰ֪˶١
֮ħȻǿˣҲһ׶ˣħˣھ
Ҳûа취飬бףʲôôԼõôĺ顣
ַͷóʯգʮʯϣֶһԭʼħЩԭʼħħݣħδͬǺڲ
ħĺôԶ׼ַҲûбԭʼħ뷨µħֱµħΣԭʼħںΪһ
ƣĸоӿַ翴ٻӡһۣٻӡڵĻ޺ѾںϣѾӵµٻִ
ַһٻӡһٴδһȦĺ޳ַǰ
һεںϣ޵ʵһͺħ
ַ޺һħ˸Ժ󣬾͸´ػ񣬶ַԼó̺ݵһ̣̺Ϻ˯ȥˡ
޺ݵԱһվʵִػַ
ַһ˯ÿ㰡Ժ̧ͷһգɫ谵Ҳ֪ǰóƵĵӼʱһۣ賿㣬Ҳ˵һֱ˯ڶˡ
ַ糯ܿȥڲԶֻħ޵ʬ壬ȻЩһﶼǱ޺ɱġ
ַ翴޺һֻĴָ޺ϲĽһԴ̧һȻģ
Ȼֻħ޶һħޣܹڲַ£ɱֻħޣ޺ʵƺСҲȷһЩ԰ıǮ
ַͷ޿Խһˡ
ַĶӶĹӴռóʳ˸ǱŴŻ޺ɭȥ
ַһߣһߵǺڵ첨ַ罫ͣϵʧۿַ磬ĻҲֲַĴڡ
ַҲѾ֪ĲǾ絤һŸͨл硣
˵磬աʵƪļأҲһż򵥵ͨ
뿴絤ҲͨһǾŴη˫һǻ磬Աƣ޵С
ܹ;ಢеͨôܻ򵥡
絤Ļ磬ɲǼ򵥵첨Ԫ֮絤ļܹͨߵƣӶõη壬ﵽŻ˵Ŀģѵߡ
ܹ絤ٶǽ𵤾磬ΪĶҲǽ𵤣𵤸ôױŻģֲɵӻῴֵʵ
Իܹ֮ѽϵĵŻߣɴ˿ɼ
ƱɲǵĻˣһľѹöָоѹʮ㹦ֻܷӰ˲㣬ľս֮£Ȼߡ
粻ܹŻ֣ҲһѹֶΣͬĶ֣Чǿܹս֮
Ҳǻİ֮ˡ
ַͻȻ뵽һ㣬ԪģԪǵҵһ˵һֶԾʿƷԪ񾳣ָľԪɾ磬Ԫ뿪壬ʵޱȡ
ȻַûԪ񣬿Ԫİ壬ȴ֪һЩ֪ԪɾɣҲǶԾһǿ
ȻԪǾɣôԼоֱþȥα𵤣ǲҲܹ磿
ַ뵽̽гԣһַ緢֣Լ뷨ȷǿţɾԾ磬ʵһ׵飬뽫ľαɢ첨໥ϣΨˣܼ硣
˵ףѣҪɣ֪Ҫ¡
ַһԼԴԼôսˣսϰõĵطȻգǾȥս
ַչһս磬úػԣԼս硣
Сʱַ΢΢һЦս磬ʵСʱսַȴ˲߲ݵǧСʱǧСʱĲڳջ硣
֮ȻܹԾѹӶöֵﵽս֮Ŀġ
ʵѹܶǿﶼطľǾһ壬һ￴ͻᱻѹƣСᱻֱʵǿҲ֮ʵͣʮսֻܷ㡣
磬Ǿ߱Ч


347 ʮ
طմ죬ַܲѣ͵ľħʵЧ
˵Ź֣һ·ɭħҲ֪ȥˣȻһֻҲûϡ
ͻȻַ΢΢һЦľӦУѾһֻħǣڲԶ׼ʳ
ֻħǵʳһֻ˶¹ֻ¹ֻһֻǿ׳Ұޣħޡ
Ȫɭħ֮⣬ӴĸҰޣҲЩӴҰޣ˿Ȫɭеĸħޡ
ħҪħҲҪʳʳ塣
ַ΢΢һЦֻħǻȥַͻ޺ûԼĽŲž죬ֻ̾¹ʳĶħǡ
ڶ˵ʳɱĸڰһٵħ̧ͷ˫ӨӨ۾׺ݵĿַ磬һ¹ѪĻǿˮǴħǵǴ
ħǶַͺĽ棬ַٽһĹ
ַ΢ЦŵĿǰħǣúúãħޣպúá
ַͻȻݺݵĵħһۣһ׺ޱȣɱ·һͷľħǰ
һ֮£ط˲䷢һεһ۵˹ȥǰħǺݺѹ
һ̫ײˣ׺ħǣҲһ֮£һصһҽУβͣˣŲζ¹⣬ʱҲ˲ˡ
֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ַͷڻطȻǷǳ⡣
ȻҲַľǿйϵ
Ҫַ֪ȻǾǱħʿĳ̶ȣҾƬںϣǱħʦҲá
ַǿľټϻطӳɣѹ˫ܹһħǡ
һַֻۣĳطȫУĻȫһ֮㹻ѶħƸε
˵ˣѹѰſֲٱҲϡ档
ȫתȻ󣬵ȫתԾĹǿһԾˣ򲻵ѣַҲʹȫ
˵ףֻһŸţսɣҪĹֶΣǾʹɲˡ
ΪֻǸԾӰ첻ҲӰ챾ʩ
ջطַϲҲ̲ס˸衣
ڵĸУַź޼ǰ
·Уַħޣÿħޣַ綼ħ޺ݺһۣŵ۵ĶŭӶ磬ǰħʩչѹ
ѹӰΣͲöַϲˣϲŶԷݺһۣһ֮£лŭڣʩչҲ˳
ͺ˴ȭȭ֮ϲһȭʹȲûϵǴһܹƣ֮УȭҲ
ַһ۵ɳϰߣҲΪ
һ۵ɳޱȣһۣʲôħȫܣ԰飬һ֡
ַ΢΢һЦϸ˲ѣַԼȴҲ֪һ۵ȥԸЩħû⣬ϸ߼ħ޿¾ͲʹˣֻǸֶΣսҪԼ
ˣ޸óսˣԼְ
ַϢǰһֻħıۻԳԶץɿĵ
ıۻԳֱֻۣóʹûħֱֻ۶ܷټԳе֣ڶħУıۻԳһλѲĽɫ
ıۻԳǧһץַĵĺɱıۻԳߡ
ַϢѾȫΣټӰıۻԳעȫ޺ַ磬ֱӳŻ޺˹ȥ
ıۻԳֱֱֻֻۣץסֻٵŻ򣬵ӽ޺ʱеĻŻ޺ȥ
˵ʵ͵ĻޣΪܵ͵ƣԷǷȱģıۻԳ͵ħޣþĿǡ
ıۻԳץӻ޺ͷϷŷӹӹͬʱеŻѾ죬ڻ޺ϣڻ޺ըһƬѺۣһ˿ɫĹâѺƮݳ
޲Ѫ֮ȻҲȴѪǻʧһʧһ޾ͻ
ܵĺȴĬ쳣һԲת˸ɫ۾ݺݵĶסߵıۻԳ
Ȫɭľ죬ִ洦ɼıۻԳıΧȥҪڵϹıۻԳɲ׵顣
޺ҲԼƣʱ޺ʵΪ͸ǿɫƤϸ˸һ㵭ľӨ󣬸һ͸ʯĸо
ֱʯһƤӵмߵķǶħҲ˺Ƥʹû޺ںħ޵սУռ˱ˡ
ղıۻԳĻ򹥻ֻڻ޺һѺ۾Ƕֱʯ
Ҫ֪ǻǸְҲըѣǴڻ޺ϣȴֻܴϸСѺۣɴ˿ɼ޺ķôˡ
һ֣ıۻԳ˷ܵһȣٴγŻ޺˹еĻҲͬʱٴ˻޺ϡ
޺ȻΪĶıۻԳڹ۲ֵж켣ҲѰһɱĻᡣ
ѾˣԸıۻԳһɱĻöԷ˾ɱɾˣһ˵һıۻԳ˶ǻ޺Ķ֣ԻߣԻ޺ڵ׷ıۻԳġ
ַһԸ޺ṩսҪ㣬սֻ޺Լжϡ
һΣ޺ĬĬĳıۻԳιŻϣϳѺۣѺ۴Ʈݿ޺Ȼˡ
ıۻԳȴ˷ܵвѣһֳŻ޺˹ը죬еŻͬʱ˻޺ϡ
ʱ޺ˣȻͺһһгմȥһеĹ켣ǡôոյ˹һþͻ˵һϣץıۻԳҲ
ıۻԳȴţȵһҪ䵽ϣıۻԳ˵˲ļҳ㷹ʱ֮ץϱͿˡ
ıۻԳȴ©һҪأĲԶһֻ˶Ļ޺
ûıۻԳѹһѪȻҧ˹һҧݺݵҧסıۻԳ
޺һҧһҧ£ҧıۻԳıۻԳһ˵ĲҽУ֮ǰƴŻ޺ٵľ׽£ıۻԳĲҽ̵ͳȥ
ıۻԳ
޺ıۻԳȻǷߺ޼ˣɱ֮󣬻ޣıۻԳʬ׽ˣ¶ӡ
޺ѪǲýʳģƽʱҲûнʳϰߣǺ޼ıۻԳһΪ


348 о
ıۻԳҲ벻޺Ȼ˴
ıۻԳ˷ܵķʱ򣬻޺ȴĵĹ۲ıۻԳж켣ıۻԳϮ·ıۻԳŵص㡣
ܹǡʱصıۻԳһ
˷ܵıۻԳڻ޺£ĬĻ޺ȴӮʤ
սıƴҲǻ۵ײǾԻԴģıۻԳǰ֮
ս޺Ͽʼ⣬ǻ޺ڶԼʩչˮϵӶԼϵ˺
޺⣬ָͱȽǿټԼʩչˮϵû̫ʱ䣬ȫָԼս
˼ǰħޣɻ޺ɱʵڲУַŻ֡
ʵս˵ĵطҲʵսгɳ죬޺ħսսѸţսҲòٵӡ
սУ޺ħսħٶȿ죬ᣬÿսҲ࣬Ǳܻʤ
ϲʹħսرЩţܰҰ;޴βսֱײֻӲӲӲӲͻ޺θڣʲôҲ룬ʲôҲ壬ֱӺֱײȻһѶԷײϡá
ӲӲսˬ죬޺ϲս
ӲӲҲȫʤЩħʵǿᣬһײ֮£޺ײȫĶ֣ʵֻ䣬޺ֻܿԽ뾡취սʤԷ
սЧǿ󣬶̶̼ʱ򣬻޺սһأԵӦָͬħޡ
ˣˣǻ޺սˣҪİʵҪιʳʯرǶѪܹʵǶѪѾַ꣬ҪѪ
ߵѾ˿Ȫɭˣַһ죬ͻء
ʱǰħ޵ĲҽַϰԵĽչȥʱһСͺҽеԴȴһֻĿС
ֻ޴󰡣ԼһףҲ֪ж೤¶ˮϵͳʮףˮµȻǿ˶Դ·һС͵
ʱ˶Դһһֻħ޺ڰǺڰھﲻ˲ҽУھľ֮£ڰûأĽͷصƽձ¶ȥ
ֻ޴ȻĽĿ⿴ַķһ޴ͷ³ڿ֮̽̽Ȼ˻ȥ
޴ͷˮ棬ʧ
ղߵһۣԲɺϣֻѾַˣ˵оַľˣ߼ħޣӵвþȥ۲ǣǻᱻֵġ
Ը߼ħޣòҪþȥ۲ȥۿҲεķʽ
ֻ㲻þֻҪߣ¾ͻᱻ֣ûղͷǸͷ״ߣһΧ￿ӲͷĸӦ
ַûĻֻħޣһеٮٮߣַ绹û뵽ȪɭֵĴ˵ûдħޣڿȪɭ֡
ʵЩŹ֣ħ޶ʵҲźܸߵҪģ˵ʲôط߼ħޡ
ԽǸ߼ħޣ滷ҪԽߣǶԻҪ󣬲˵ʣҪҪƷ
ĳֿʯĳֲĳֶһҪĻԪرŨңŷ
ԽǸ߼ħĵطԽԴḻ̽գҲԽջ
ȪɭֵĻʵЩƶ񤣬˵ǲħ޵ģû뵽ȴַˡ
ţû׼ڱؽħްɡ
ǵصĶħ޽Ϊħޣֲ뿪ȴҲ˵Ĺȥġ
žʧˮ棬ַ촽һ˿⶯
ֻҲ֪ʲôħޣħ޵ݣȴܲģ⻹ַ״ҰħޣַԼʵﵽʲô̶ȡ
˵ַħʦʵħޣǺܳԿģַԼ֪ԼʵҪĴħʦǿ̫ˣûлʤĻᣬַҲ룬ֻӡ֤Լʵ
úúãȻôʲôһֻħ𣬴˵
ˣֻɲöԸȵһ㣬ôŪˮû취սģַɲˮһֻˮս
û޺ȥ
ַЩɣԾͣ޺һˮ᲻ͱһ̵
޺ÿһΣӰ죬ʵַܲ绹ǲ޺ȥ
ˣٻް
ַһԴȻʧЦ˻⣬ٻħٻٻޣȥһǿԲ鿴ʵǲٻ޵
ԣô졣
ַ翪ʼʩչħٻˮϵٻޣħʦٻٻޣˮϵٻˮ㣬ˮˮĽ̬ܹʩչˮˮƶٶȷǳ졣
ַĬĬʩٻʩʱͨӲȣٻԽͨʩչٻʱԽԽ̣ٻ޵ҲԽǿ
ַˮϵٻֻͨ˵ǻʩչѣ㻨ӵʱ򣬲ٻģˮٻ
ˮף׳ϸһɫˮƬһ֣͸һء
ַ£ˮ㳯ǰСٵ˹ȥ
һ͵ڰϵٶȲ죬һˮζٶȾ;ˣҲֻеˮս
һ죬ˮѾˮС
Ľ룬ðһˮͲӰ
ַ£ˮ㿪ʼˮζǹŹֵ鷢ˣĺȻҲˮӰǼһܵȥˣ
ˮ㿪ʼǱǱˮףȻѰңʱˮ״˶ĵһԵˮɿգۼ͵ˮߣ˽ˣˣʲô㰡ֻ۾
ˮƶٶ̫ˣҳֵĺͻȻȵˮҪܵʱѾˣſһҧͰˮҧһҧ֮£ǿˮȻҧ˶ۣˮֻüһ£ھﻯΪâʧˡ
һУ
죬оЩ֣ôأ
벻ͨ⣬Դһֳźȥʧĺף֪ȥˡ
ϣַ类һҲһÿٶȣÿµĹǻ޺ֻҲһҧ֮
ֻħУҲٮٮߣȻô򵥵Ľɫ
ֻ˵ˣôҲһ⡣
ʳ
Ҳףֻոһֻڰʱڿʮ£ٳԶģҪҪ취


349 
ַ΢һ룬Ǹоʹٻ׾㣬Ҳݵķʽ
ַٴٻˮ㣬ˮ㳯Ÿղžֵķλȥ
˸ղŵĺףͨˮߣַ羪ȵķ֣һֱ׵Ĵ󶴣ڴ档
ˮһ֣ҲͬʱһžͳˮݺҧˮϱˮβһŤһּٶȳˮȥ
׵ľһУдŭŵзһâǹâתγһֲУһתΧˮ̱ߵˮе£ҲβˣȥһţͰˮҧƬ
ˮһ̻Ϊ㣬ھʧɾ
һ㶣ҧҧͣһղŵȻֲˡ
£εﶼĪʧˣŭˮҡͷβú׻Ҳݺݷйһ󣬾εˮ׵ĶѨݷ
ַȴһ⡣
ˮֳžȥһΣˮûпѨԶԶĳŶѨһˮ˹һˮںױ𣬳ŶѨݺݴȥ
һˮھϣͺץһ㣬Ǿȴˣò׳Ա׼˯һĹǴϢ޿̣ٴδӶѨ˳ǰˮһҧȥ
ˮͲٶܣҲٺ¾ҧھһҧ֮ʱžƺҪͬھ
мһˣˮĹӣǹϣƲۼףץһ㣬ɵӹһҧ£ˮҧ÷顣
ڰƵˮҧˣ־ǻûеˮٴλ⣬Ϊâʧ
ٴסôģôɱûرģɱˣ״ˣ
뷨ܼ򵥣ɱ͸رɱȴһǾ̫ɶˡ
ްް̫ɺˣǾҲʬ壬ٺҲ޿κΣֻܺݺݵں׷йһͨйֻصѨڡ
ոջصѨһֻˮ㱻ַٻٴγźȥ
׵ľ׼ˮһˮ棬ˮ𶯣Ѿ׼ľ֪ɿĴӶ˳Ȼһԣ۾۲ֻˮ㡣
оְΪʲôЩ㱻ҧ֮ͲأΪʲôЩһֻһֻأЩ㻹
ˮ͵͵Ŀˮ棬֪ˮǴˮģҲ֪ˮϣԽľȴûóóȻĳˮ棬Ҫ۲۲죬ô¡
ҿǿаأòͷˮȻͻϮˮһڰҧƬ
ˮϵַ磬Ҳһ£ֻýƻ͵Ϯˡ
ܵˮӰ죬ַľܽȫ۵ףֻصˮϣȷ־ϮʱѾһű͵Ϯɹ
ȥƺҲа
Ǿ̫ˣˮһֵסÿٻֺܷʱ䣬ַȴҲٻ
ַȴһʼ˼
ֻ̫ˣھ˵ˮʵǿ޹ؽҪǱһɱȻһɱôٻǿҲûйϵˡ
Ҫַ绹ٻ˸ǿٻޣٻǿûйϵ
Ȼˣôǲٻһֻһٻޣٻʱ䣬
ԶԶԣˣַһһβٻٻޣٻһٻޣˮ㡣
ħٻʱȻΪͣʮʱ䣬ˮͱַٻ
ˮһˮϵٻޣֻһ壬ϳɫļƬֻˮһСˮϵٻҪࡣ
ˮħܹӶﵽڸٵĿģˮоˡ
ַҲûָˮжãֻҪŭ㹻ˡ
ַĿ£ˮˮУžȥ
Ǿ͵ȴһԣˮˮвãͱһҧֻûȾ£ˮѾΪâʧ
ɻҡҡͷо֣ŭѾûиղôˡ
ٴεȴһԣϢˣ׼ɱ㣬һֱûΪֹ
ȰȣȰȣûпӰˣ
ʱһΣСʱȥˣһŹֵĿˮ棬ֵʮӣ죬ƺ˸Ƿβһ˦λص׶Ѩĵ˯ˡ
֪˿̵ַ磬ҲĬĬоٻħ
εٻַнز뷨
ַĬĬо޸ģأַҳͷΡ
ַħһǰһ㣬һз䵽棬Ѹʹһһֻһ׳ˮ㡣
ٻ̣룬ʵѸޱȡ
ַ΢΢һЦ뷨Ȼɹˡ
ַղŷ֣ħٻħɿħ֮󣬽ħԣַʩչٻħʱ򣬽ħˮƽܹʱ䣬ٻħ
ٻٻޣΪʩչħ̫٣ٻȻٻɹǱûʲôսֻһֻѡ
Ƕַ˵㹻ˡ
ַĿ£ֻˮˮžĶѨȥ
׾ʱѾں˯ˮĿûע⡣
ˮǱף̷ֻ˯ˮ׾ˮ٣εߣʹţžĺݺҧȥ
һҧȥһ˺ҲûУ˯еľһҧǴһƤһ񷴻һҧͰǰҧƬ
ˮΪâʧ
Ȼûˣܾǳ˯ȴѣķŭҲǿ֪
ŭˮŭŭ𣬺׷޴ˮ
ʱһֻֻӾǿᣬưĳž˹ȥ
ʱĻһҧ㣬ְҧƬ
ϮƮƮľ군ˣȴ緢ȭڲ޻ϣŭ޴йܼˡ
ðɣƵˣһֻˮžֻˮ㿿ٷתžҡβ͡
̫۸ˣǳĴ
ŭˣһһѽƵҧƬٴûˣŭȴһҲûн̫ˣ񫰡
ûϵǣһֻˣֻǱˮ治ԶͣȻŤתӣƨɶžŤβ͡
ôŭһҧһڰҧУһҧ֮£Ϊǹ⣬ʧ
żŭˣˮ²ζˮ˻Ľ·һ㡣
žˮ棬ַľܹܺӰ۲ϸۿҪֱ壬ΪµսṩϢ
ſţַ羪ˣϳ˾
⡭òǽ˿ħɣ
˿ħֻ֣ںں֮УΪϳŽ˿Ƭںںӣ˶


350 ս
˿ħֻ֣ںں֮УΪϳŽ˿Ƭںںӣ˶
ںӣߴ֮һԼΣն
ںӵĺˮڣǺںںһĵǺңڵĺҷӳúˮīԲкں֮
ںӵȴΪں֮УڶΣյ׺ݵħޣں֮У˵ǾһںӾƾΪߴ֮һ
˿ħǺںеһħޣҲǺںħ֮һ
˿ħǺںеħޣڹ½ϴδֹڹ½û˻ʶ˿ħģַΪħһ˵꣬ļ䣬֪ħ飬ϳ˽˿ħ
ϳ˿ħݣַʱһ˿ħǵ֣ôڵģ
ѵǡ
ַ۾ź棬۾ȴ˸Īɫ
˿ħֻڵĺں֮Уûڵ緢ֹӰ˿ħܿܵڵ硣
Ȼڵ磬ôǴģ
ͨͨӡ˵ǲܴӵ絽ģôҲֻһֿˣ϶һܹͨͨ͵硣
˿ħӦҲ˳ܵӵ磬ͨܣӦþ
Ҫ֪²Ƿȷʵܼ򵥣ֻҪһº׾ͿˣֻҪ׿ɲ׵飬ΪﻹһǿĽ˿ħ
Ҫ鿴ףͱ˿ħ
ַһѹٻˮɧŽ˿ħ
˿ħȻƻϾֻһֻħޣٸҲߵޣĲƣŭҲƲסһ죬ˮĽУ˿ħˮǿԴ
ŭĽ˿ħܿһۣҳɧԼףǿȥܷƽ˾ûʲôصķ֣˿ħһ˿ɻ벻ף⾿ôһ¡
ʱٵһֻ㣬ֻŽ˿ħ
˿ħݺݵĶֻˮ㣬ſ죬һһڰѿҧƬ
ڴ֮󣬲ϵˮɭŭĽ˿ħЩˮϰȥһһҧˮ㡣
˿ħȻǺݼЩˮ㣬ԵȲˮķ˹ȥ;ˮȫһ̵
ϰĽ˿ħ¶ȫ壬ֱԼһףʮףڰһֻȻ֮ײ߰㣬ƻޱȡ
֪޴Ľ˿ħͱˮԽԽԶѾԶ
ԶԶַͷˮ㣬˿ħԽԶԽá
ڴ˹Уַ粻ϵоٻħٻħԽԽ죬аأٻ˲ɡ
أַַµ÷ٻޣһؼԱһΪۣͬھ
ٻ˲ٻɣʹõħǳϡ٣Ϊٻʱħϡ٣ٻս΢ͺô
д˾һҲȫͬǿһһ֮ضһȴҲǿޱȣɱͬħޡ
ˮһȻޣһ֮ɱһħޣǶڶħޣҲԲв
ַؾתսʽˮڿ˿ħʱ򣬷һ
ؼתˮڿ˿ħ֮󣬻ȫ⣬֮Уˮ㳯Ž˿ħһҧȥһҧ֮׺ޱȣƸ֣ǽ˿ħļӲƬڴһ֮£Ҳʹǳ
һ֮ˮҲΪâɢ
ˮĵȼ̫ˣ״̬ԼǾһҲ޷˵˿ħ
Ȼ˲˿ħǾһȴܴ۽˿ħ֮󣬰ѽ˿ħȫĴˡ
ַ翴Чܣһ߼ٻ˿ħһ߲ϵ˼ٻĸĽ
ַ˼ͬʱĽ˿ħʱҲԽ׷Խַµĳë֩룬Ҳóë֩ӿٶȡ
أ˿ħѾ׷ѾԶԶ˦󣬿Ӱ
ˣ㹻Զˡ
˿ħǺںеħޣͨˮϵħһۼ׼ˣħУҲٮٮߡ
˿ħȻˮսˮУܷӰٷְٵϣս½٣ַԸĺʱ
ַٵĽë֩Ȼų˫𣬳˫Ž˿ħȥ
˫ٽӽַһ̧֣һ緢н˿ħĲϣ˲ϵĵʮϡ
ʮ𻷵λãǽ˿ħڵأǽ˿ħĵһ㣬ҲħԸ˿ħս顣
ϣƺûãֻ˽˿ħķŭ
ַĬר־ķ繥ÿһضŽ˿ħϵ𻷴ǽ˿ħȻ޴ʵǳÿÿٶٶܣַιУֻһܹλá
˿ħҲ֪Լ㣬Թܡ
˿ħڳ˹һžͳŰе˫ݺҧȥ
˿ħʮףֻҪ̧ԴͿԹʮ׵ĸ߿գһҧӻſ̧ͷˣֱӿԽʮ׵ĸ߿գֱ˫ҧȥ
ַͷһͷһͿ˫Ѹգű߿ڵˡ
һأ߸̧ͷݺݵҵ˵ϣصڵҳһѺۣľھص㣬ֱѹ
ַ˫ٸ壬˿ħߵʱе粻ϳžӴȥȻھ˵ÿһǿķƵ̫ˣһƬĴĲϣߵƵֲ˹Ĳ㣬ֻת˲֮䣬ĲϾͱһƬۡ
˿ħŭһͳ˫ҧһޱȣǺˮеٶȴȫܱȣ˫ɵա
˿ħˮħޣˮܷս½أٶٽͶ֮һҪиٷе˫𣬿ɲ׵顣
˫ͺһֻӬһ㣬ֿھ߲Ϸ裬޴Ľ˿ħһɱֻӬֻӬ̫ˣһ񱩵ȴһ취ûС
˿ħ޴󣬽սǿޱȣʩ㣬ˮлʩչĳЩǿˮϵħ½أЩˮϵħ޷ʹãֻս
˫һսÿȪɭһƬǽ壬һħ޷׷룬ڱŭĹ£ϡ
˿ħŭҧβ飬ԼԷ˫𷢶͹
ַᵽħ޵Ŀ£ȫһֹ޼ĴڣѾ㹻ǡ
˿ħս˵ǾһһУǰ³
ǲ֪ΪʲôսַѪȴȫսⷭɣѪڣַǰһ
ɣսսǴսһ


351 °
˿ħǿᣬۼ׼Ӳ˫ַսķǳࡣ
Һý˿ħսǿȴȱħĻսҲôˣֱַܺˡ
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˿ħǿľۼ׺ǿļ⣬رۼֵܹۼһƣļͷסĹŷҽС
ַһϲĹһƿۼס
ǽ˿ħȴҲɵϣҵʹѾĴԵһ£˿ħŰз˫һȻӷأȻˡ
һӣַ֮ǰĹ͵ǰΪ˿ħߵķʽǽſڵζϵ˿ڽ棬ַҲ޷չ
ַԴȴ׼һЦŽ˿ħǰ·Ȼһ㣬ַʩ˿ħǰ·ϣһ̺ݺ
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˿ħʹ֮£̵ƿźȥڶ𣬵ĸ
ڽ˿ħǰ·ϣһһЩÿһ׼˽˿ħϵ˿ڣÿһȻ˺󣬵ǻٳɶ࣬˿ħϵ˿˿Ƭ䣬ƤⷭڶԼһࡣ
ַٴγǰһ㣬һ𣬺ݺݵĴ˽˿ħ˿ϣ˿ħһĲҽУιĵط̱ѪȾ졣
ַʩչĵڶʮ߸̣ˣַħľҲʩչκη
һս˿ħˣַħľҲʩչκħ˵ַսѾǰ
ַĬʵû뵽ֻ˿ħȻԼռƵ£ֻ˶Ҫɱħޣ治һ׵顣
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ַһ˫𣬿˫ɵ˿ħǰ˫䵽ϡ
ʱ򣬽˿ħѾٵ˹ַԼǰǶһ˿ŭһžͳַҧ˹
һҧ֮£嵯¶ϵľ޴˿ڡ
ַȵģҲһ̡
ת˲䣬ַһģɨȴҧ˸ա
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ַһģڽ˿ħϵ˿·
ַһץס˿õƤ⣬ֱһȻ壬һͷײ˿ϣһ죬ַ˳˿ھ˾˿ڡ
˿ħһҽУ߸ߵصˤڵϣϵķҽУ޴壬ϷΧвľķ񷭹Уѹ۶ϡ
ͻȻ˿ħһ߿ĲҽУͷתȻԼĲӺݺҧһҧǺݰһҧ֮£ǲӲ㶼ҧˡ
˿ħҧԼϵ˿ڣҧסţأȴûϢ
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Ϊ˻ɱֻ˿ħַҲð˼ķգԼΪն˿ħŽ˿ħʱ¶û˿ħ˿ڣջƽ˿ħ࣬׽ɱ
Ȼַ˿ħ˿ڣǽ˿ħ̫ǿˣַǧҲһʱŰƣ˿ħһַ绹㱻ҧڣҺַоΣգǰ˲Ƴľ鷳ˡ
ˣַڽ˿ħڵʱΪ˿ħľҷҲˡ
һжҪˣ˿ħѾˣһ˲ʲô
ַ羫һȽٻղŵսɲóԱ뵽ٻӡУս޺Գַ硣
ַħľˣΨһħ޹Ǿ鷳ˣҪ޺б
ַͷһƿҩˮȻôָʬڻ޺ϣźȥ
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ײûʲôر֮Ҫ˵رҲΪͬһ°ӣˮ°ӿġ
ܵĴڣô϶Ǻ°йϵˡ
浽жԶ˭Ҳ˵壬ֻǸħ˵ļ䣬ӵͨͨ磬Ҫʱ䣬⻹ǰȫģûߵ¡
صľ뾿жԶħҲ˵壬ǧ·ɡ
ô裬µĵ°ӣĿͨ磬ôмľָǶأ
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Ժ㹻ʵʱ䣬Խ̽ڵĻȴûȥ顣
ַ絭ҡͷȴҲûʲôʧĵطͨҲܲԺлᣬȥ̽ˡ
һܹɱ˿ħַַͨջѾ㹻Բʧ
޺Ӻ˳Ĵַߣػַ硣
Сʱַ˻ָħҲָȫ
ַվ˺һۣͻȻ뵽Ȫɭ֡
Ȫɭ֣֮ſȪ֮Ϊɭ֮УŲζɬȪˮЩȪˮ֮ΪȪȪɭ֮Ҳɴ˶
ַߵߣָմ˵ˮ˳ζˮζֿɬѺȼˣǿȪȪˮζ
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ںˮȻɬûֻҪܿɬζͿԿںˮȥ
Ϊ˻ȥûѡ
ħļ࣬ǵܹġ
ַпĿ˺һۣסķλ󣬴Ż޺ɭȥ
ַ֪ǣŻ׼뿪ɭֵʱ򣬺ӶҲɭֶ


352 ֮ս
ַƵ߳Ȫɭ֡
һοȪɭ֮Уַջܴ󣬲޺õѵַԼҲɱһֻħ޽˿ħçͨû׼ԺͿ硣
ַ翴⼸ջջ񣬷̫ˡ
һοȪɭ֮һжǳֻ߳ɭֵʱ򣬳һ⡣
һϵðСӣŽַǰͣһóᣬַ磬ֿᣬƺŶԱȡ
ʲôˣ
ԷŹֵľٶַľַĿɨؿڵһۣؿϵĺɫͷϤĸо
ˣֺɫͷƺ֮ǰսʿؿҲѵ˵һģ
ַĺȴûеõԷĻشʱóǼһƺѾ˶ԱȣĵĴӻóһӺݺһѣƺһâһš
ַ翴һۣ̾ϳӵݣӽĪ˹ͨ飬һһԵħߣĪ˹ͨ鶼ǳ׳ֻ֣ҪһţĪ˹ͨ鶼ӦǿĪ˹ͨڵķλӶͨѶĿġ
ȻԷʹĪ˹֪ͨͨǰ
ַüͷһ壬չΧһɨҲ˶ԷоݣϻַĻ
ַ΢΢һ㶣ԷôԼĻ
Ȼɻ󣬵ʱԷûԼ̴ַǵĳȥ
վס׼ߡ
ַҪߣͷսʿʱסˣ̳еַǰ·ϡ
ù·ַݺݵ˵һ˼ûС
ַѾЩȻﻹЩɻΪʲôǻҵΪʲôԼַȴҲףԷ߲ƣһѪսǱⲻˣȻҪôҲͲøǺɫˡ
ַ˵ͷսʿɫսʿҲǺգŭ塣
ͷսʿʱ޲һַ磬һ뵽ųĽֻܰӲ˵£ǺӶŵġųҪ㣬£ȴƬ̡
Ӷţû˵ַ絭ҡͷĿȴٴοؿڵĺɫͷһۣԷ˵ӶţҲΪʲô׵ؿڲλϻкɫͷı־ˡ
㡭ַ˵ͷսʿͷŭ֮ǰųѾԷ֣Ŷӹ֮ǰǧҪֻ֣ҪܵסԷǴһ
һ뵽ųķԸͷսʿֻӲ
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һַҪߣͷսʿʱˣܻ˵վס׼ߣǰһǾͶ㲻ˡ
Ŷôɱ𣿡ַ翴ͷսʿЦ˵
˸ڵģΪҲɱ㡣ͷսʿʱͷŭˢһս˳
ͷսʿĶӶųԱҲ׼ַ硣
ַһЦѾ̡
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Ȼһ֪ôҲͲټˡ
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ǺӶų˵£ַ翴ͱɱһģһĻƽսʿʵ
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뵽ķ裬һ뵽ԷһˣԼȴоӢԵķſһЩ
ķڽϣַ磬Ӹµ˵Ӧ֪ʲô飬Ǽҿ㲻
ʲô
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ķбʤİգܹһɱ
һնڵϣڵϺһߣ׵Ĵӣһնɴ˿ɼһߡ
һǿǺǿǺܿϧˣûжԷûУǿļܣҲá
ķƤͫ΢΢һ
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Ǳɱһַģһ£ٳʱѾ֮⣬Ƕնû˵ë
ÿٶȣǵķԭΪַħʦǿ˶ԷĶٶȣȴΪַóٶȵĵˡ
ȻַĶֵ߸ַֻ֪΢΢һ̧֣һԵһͭսʿ˹ȥһжԷԴǿֱӰͭսʿԴըϡá
ħʦķ£û뵽ԷȻħʦ
ķܿͻعȵɱ
ԭǵսַϵ֮ʱѾ˲ôˣɱ˶Է˵顣
Źķ˶ַ緢
սʼˡ


353 Ӷ
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£նжɾͲˣַսȳնס
ڳһٶӶųԱֻƽ𣬶ʮ඼ͭսʿǼûԶ̹͸ַʤĻַôɵһ԰٣
սʼڹķ£гԱַȥķԼҲУַչ
ַһܣܶϿٵһ⣬Ƿϵħ׷ƶٶȡ
ַһ˶һÿٶȣħʦӦеٶ𣿾ħӳ֣ҲﲻٶȰ
ַٵܶЩȫգַٶȱȽ죬תЩŽ׷
ַһЦչЩͭսʿȻ󷢶ħлɱ
ַľһչķһƽսʿų̱ɫȻǾţǿ൱ħʿľǿȰ
ħʿǵĶһħʿ
˶һۣ¶һ˿Ȼͼɵ
սʿͷʦȫͬϵͬսʿ϶ͬʦĶ֡
ȻҲǻƽսʿħʿ֪ͬħʿսͬǲûлʤİգǲħʿĶ֡
ħҪȶ࣬Ը˵ҲŸߵҪ󣬵ͬħʦȴҲƣͻϮĻͬսʿħʦĶ֡
ȻⲢһΪЩǿսʿӵǿսնɱͬսʿֻսʿǳϡ٣Ǹı񣬶Ӷŵλƽųֻͨսʿǿûնɱħʿ
ῴķʵô죿
Էһħʿһᣬÿһļɵ
ķ˵̫ˣǻлɱҲɱ
Ĭĵͷ˹ķ˼ȻѾԷôΨɱ˶Է˽£Ļһħʿϣɲʲô顣
ҹķҲ˵öԣԷ̫ˣȻܣһһˣ
˵䣬ٳпȥһƬʱ䣬ʮͭսʿѾַС
ַս򵥶ֱӣλԶּ̣򵥵սٵƶǿħȴһ޽սʽ
ЩŽĹӶַֻܸԻңַһתǾ͸ַٶȣȻնҲŹǵʵȻǿնֻʮЧʮ׾ЧˣǻƽսĶնҲֻʮЧҪַ磬ɲס
ַͲͬˣħص㣬ǿԶַڶԷĹ֮⣬ʩħ֤ȫͬʱɱԷ
죬ΧΧռ䡣
˭йż
ҪԸַʵҲܼ򵥣һΧסַ磬ռ䣬ڶͬԶ̹Թħ
ΪһϸսʿҲǱѧһֻ˾ͨ˲ͨѡ
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Щ˶˺һҲȶնʮɱַ硣
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һַٶ̫ˣڶǵ̫ˣʮ˾ַΧͲܡ
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ַˣʾǿʤĻᣬͬʱʩƵʣԽʡħַ˵ʱϵԽãԽΪʱԽãԴݵĻָħս
ԷҪ࣬һлƽսʿʡħַͲǶ֡
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쵰Ҫӱ𣿿
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̼䣬µͭսʿһ룬߰ͭսʿΪָԭε
Ӷŷֱֻʮˡ
ЩҪ뿪ͭսʿķ˶ûҲûãԷֻ֣Ȼ뿪˵ɫȴԵ൱á
ǻǵһַѲħʦҲЩɣַ羿ǲħʦ
ʵֶַ̫ˣܵÿ첻˵ʩٶȻò˼飬ȫǰħɶնʹõģһ־ͷһħʩٶȣ˷ʤ
Щͭսɱġ
ųô죿սʿķĿԵĶһ˿
Ҫ֪ǺӶ֮Իнȫųλħʦ鷳Ҫ˵Ļôλǿħʦ
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һķ˵̾˲Ľеų˵ǸôǸͲĶ֣ٴȥ𣿡
ķĿ˵֮һֽۣĿ⿴Զַ磬ַ޵ģȴҲһ취ûС
ַ籼ܵٶȣԶֶ̹֣˭ʹġ
ͷַۣȴûй˼ɣ̷أǷһŻХһһͭսʿԴϣԷ߶һͱͷ
Сģˡ
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йӶҽĿһػͣԸַħ
һ䣬չЧַħһһսʿֳħƻַħƽˡ


354 ǿɱƽսʿ
ЩӶ֣ղǱµˣڱųһѣ˼һ𣬹ͬصסַħ
һַַħ̾ûˡ
ַһüͷһתĿָ꣬һ㣬һָ̹һţ̹һһֻǽҽһ
Ƿ׶ħ͸ǿĵħ٣ԸɱȴǴ´ࡣ
ãҪɱ
һսʿһĳߵĽȥҪѽ
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ʱһŻ˹սʿҲǷӦ죬ȫתһڻϣͳཻĵطըըѰսʿƿףǻҲ
ûȰսʿһڶŻţĿţıըУսʿɫһ䣬˫һҲղסгϮĻһߣųĵŻ֮䵽ϡ
һը죬Դͺһ㣬ˡ
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ַ⣬ڳ˶ȻַҪɱûдߣӶ޷ߡ
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ķͻȻ˵ģ̫ˣȥ
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˵ж̴Ⱥ˳ȥȫתԼٶȣַ׷ȥ
ԻƽսʿʵٶȹȻǳ죬գۼ䣬ַܵߡ
ַע⵽ǵĶˣһ׷תܡ
ַٶȻûǿ죬ڷϵħĸ£Ҳ˶٣׷ַҲ׵飬رַܵ¡
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ַٶȱҲ˶٣ÿο챻׷ϣƶ⣬˵׷Ӱ
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뷨Խ׷˹ȥ
תۼ䣬Ѿܹʮľ롣
أķЩعζоЩԾ
ԣܲԾ
ãϵˣǵĶķﲻԾˣҲЩַͼˡ
սʿսʿͬսʿսʿ岢ǿǿԴͷڶ
׷ַĹУķתʹ屣ָٵǰٶȣȻܵĺܿ죬׷ĹУģͬʱǵҲڲϺľ
ǿƽսʿָٱʮ·ҲЩܲˡ
ķôһ˵Ҳ˹
ô죿ɫҲԵЩ
ķ˵һ̫ѲˣȻȥǻһ
á
Ҳǹ֮֮תߡ
תߣַһЦʱߣô
֮԰һǵͶڶȴ˺µЩӶ˷ֿ÷ַ֡
ͺɱbossȰbossСɱbossʱ򣬲ŲܵСܵӰ죬ܰĵĻɱboss
ʱıܣַҲЩˣʱֳǿĺôַܣҪǳĶ࣬ȻҲоһ˿ƣȴ㹻ֽ֧ս
ַû׷ǣǷų˫𣬳˫׷ȥ
ģ˫һ˫ȴڲã̫ˡַ˫׷ǣ̲ס
ŷеĸ߶Ȼԣַܿ׷˵ϿգȻӸ¶Źķ򹥻
ķΪƽսʿӶŵųȴ汾µģַ繥Ļ򣬶ʹó׼ٵĸַȫҲûκһŻܹϡ
ǰͻƽˣʵȫһϡ
ַħʦľ磬ҪԽնɱƽսʿ治׵顣
رǶϹķսḻսʿ͸ˡ
ʧַȴû̫⣬ƽսʿԼһ磬ɱƽսʿɲһ׵顣
ƽսʿǻƽսʿֶΣɱǵġ
ַ˫𣬷ԽϿգ˵ǰȻٵ˫𣬷ų޺
ķҲַĶ˷һϲַսˣúúãԼɾͱˡ
ɱ
ķһȣȳַ˹˫ʮףķһɨһĶնͳɱ
ַһģʧնӿնַ
ʱķĸоϢ쳣Ҳһкɨһ죬һŻϣϮĻ顣
ըǿıըʹùķг΢΢һ
ķתĿһɨƺַӰٴʧתۼ䱳һ˿Ϣķ˲϶룬תһȥһŻֵ
Ȼ򱻵ǹķȴһֹʽδ̫̫ˡ
ιͰѹķæңҺöԷĻ򹥻Իƽսʿ˵̫ǿŻƽսʿĶ֧֣ܹӦù
Զ׷ĿʱҲǴһ
͹ķͬǰַսʽַսʽǳ죬ڹķߺ֣һһңÿγֱض򣬹ĹʽȫѹŹķ򣬹ķֻзûн
ֹսʽǰĽŲΪ֮һѾ⡣
ʱ򣬻޺Ѿ뵽˹ķС
ַҲʱ򣬳ڹķǰݺݵĵ˹ķһۣһ۴޾ϣ·һֻľ޶ŹķķһгҲΪ֮һ
һ޺ݺݵĳȫײ˹ķϣһײǧ̰֮ѹķײڵء
ַлһŹķԴȥķҪٽֵгȴ޺ҧס䵽˹ķԴϣǿıըùķԴ΢΢ΣͷһѪ
ƽսʿĶ̫ǿˣֱӴԴϣܵıҲˣҪɱɲס
ǹķȻʧҲûзĻˣڶŻ򣬵Ż򣬵ĿŻ򣬽˹ķԴϣÿһŻ򣬹ķԴϵĶһ֣ȵĿŻʱ򣬶ƿžһ죬ķԴķѡ


355 ҳǽ
ķոһһնӱַ˹ַһ˲ƶ㿪һͳ͵ϮĿȥ
һӽסֻʱȴֺڡ
ղĲӦóɵģôƬ̳ɣųķͱɱˣķһʣһˣľ֧Ҳ׶༪١
һսٴαʵҪȹķַħҲʣ࣬˫սһķǳַ࣬ʹʩչѹ˴˻شᣬŽɱ
սַһ̯ڵϣħľԴһʹޱȣǾʹùȲĺ֢һսַʹ˲̫Ƶټȫʹû磬¾ȫľͷ۲ѡ
Һַ绹֪أûнȫեɣĻؿήǻɲϵغ֢
ϢһᣬַŽ˵ʬյָУȻų˫Ѹ뿪˵أЩսʿַѾûȥɱˣӶųЩͨӶҲûɱıҪ
Сʱ˫صҳǣ˲ҪԼַߵһͷڴϾͻ˯˹ȥ
ַһҲ֪˯˶ãʱ򣬻оԴģִʹĸоѾȥˣľĺ֢Ѿࡣ
ַԴӴתڤָԼľľ
Сַ֮ڤ룬ڤĻָѾָĲˣҪȫָ»Ҫʱ䡣
һľҪħӵԻָ
ִַӴָƽսʿʬ˳õĶѹһգʬ壬ԺҸط
ַ翴ʱ䣬ȻѾˣ룬ʵ飬йںӶŵϢ𣿡
ַʣͻȻеˣӶţפڿǣȫʽԱ˰ʮˣųǻƽսʿķųǻƽսʿᡭ
ӶȫŰ˰ˣеľֻһٶˣ඼ͨսʿͭ綼ﲻ
ַڿȪɭģҲǺӶŵ顣
ַͷӶŵλųڣʣµѾΪǣҲûбҪȥˡ
ʱ䣬ַ綼зԸռ鱨鱨㼯ޱУɰޱ㱨ʦ飬ڿޱĲַʣܹܿش
˵˵ʱ䶼ʲô鷢
õˡ
鿪ʼ㱨ȴЩħѧͽʼ
һʱ䣬ЩѧͽķǳŬʮѧͽѾȫħʦ磬Ŭħʦ磬ӦÿԽħʦ磬֮Խħʿ磬֮лħʦ硣
ʮЧڼ̵ʱھͿԽǾԽߣԽѣȻĸҲǰȵĽħʿ磬Ҫħʦǧѣ㣬԰ڽħʿҪħʦֻһֿԡ
ҪħʦֻܿԼˣ޷æ
ħʿħʦƿؿƲƿؿ޷ƿؿֻܿԼƳ
֮⣬ַ統ԸѰҵλʵˣѾЯ˵˳ǱѾס£ÿʮһӣÿһһλħʦӳӳְǽ̵ħ
ʮħʦÿͳһ֧飬һʮˣʮѾѧڤ룬һΪһ飬飬ȥħ
ÿһһˣڵСʱȻ󷵻غҳǣٻһǰħ
һ˵Ķ࣬㣬һж鷳㣬ԲŽֳ顣
һ֧˹ģĶ飬ڻǵȵǳɳǵĴڣԻȫ½
ֻҪغҳǣûκһҺҳǵ鷳
һ֧Ҳַ˸֣ʦš
ҳеĵڶֻװ飬ˣֻʮˣַѾչĹģ˱׳С֮ѾչˣҳǵճҲǽɡ
Ŀǰѵ֮УȽϿɹ⣬ûжսΪ˵ȴǺܲĴڣڽеĺҳǣЩ׳С˲ٵ
ҳΧĴׯѾڽʱǨ˺ҳǣʹúҳǵ˿ڵõĿǰҳǵ˿Ѿﵽǧˡ
ֵַʱҲһҳǵķչϵĿ찡
ַЩɻΧһΪƶ񤣬䲢࣬˿ӦҲŶԵģôڶ̶ʱڣ;£ˣ
Ľַ֪ͣΧ˿ǲ࣬Ҳһˣַ翪ĴðΪôõϢļͥԶضǨ˹ڶ̶ʱڣۼˣƻڲӣһ죬һٶͥٿ˼˺ҳǡ
ַ翪ĴȻļͥṩסṩһ㹻ҵнˮнˮĶѣݼͥ͹ֶԽ࣬ҲԽߡ
٣ҲûйϵֻҪṩһһĹʾ㹻֮±ա
һ൱Ĵ˼ҶݴѲѣϼҴڣԶǨҳǡ
ȻΪ̫ãҲһЩ˵Ļɣǻɴ̫ãıԷˡ
ֻǶЩĳԲϷ˵ʲôڵˣԸһԡ
ǺҳҲãʲô˶ģбܹṩǲŻһǴļһҳǿɲ
ַõͷѾˣ˹ˣַĹ滮ʵһ˾͹ˣһṩüǧͶ㹻ַ罻ĹѾԤˡ
Ҳûϵһ˶లһЩҲˣһЩ˶ַ˵⡣
ҳȻ޽˺ܶ෿ݣַδЩӣҳǵغͷӣۣЩֻԳ߸ķʽЩ˵ļͥס򵽷ȴǲܵ顣
һ涨ˣԺҲˣҳַĳУһأأֻ¡
ҳͻȻôˣ̶ҺúҳѾͨ磬Ҵļ£Բűľûʲôӡ
棬ŮޱҲǳ˲ģޱǳѧϰѧ˲ٹѧ֪ʶЭ齫ҳǹ൱ơ
ҲΪˣȻַûޱκְ񣬵ںҳǵĵλȴǳߣַ粻ڵʱٲȻѾ˸Ĵڡ
ޱ÷ִ磬û飬ַҲڴ¡
ʵϣַǻǺܷĵģϾԼĶǲΥԼ顣


356 ҳ
Ľ̸ַѺҳǵҪ߶˹⼸Ǻҳǳַ֮һκй߼档
Щˣкܴһ½ǨףΪǽܹõĽԱίΪߡ
ҳǵķڲͬ˹½ķɺ͵֮ƶķɡ
ҳǵĹⲿɶС
ⲿɵĺģ㣬һȨһǹ
Ȩ͹ӦģƽտܵĴӵʵˣȴӵȨ
½Ͼ͵һҪƽȵһвͨģƽȣײķУҾƽϰգҲоܹ졣
ʵϣϵķȻųƽȣǴҶ֪ܹƽƽֻһЦЦ
ҳȨײ㣬Ƿɶƽ˵ǹģƽںҳǽܵɵıκ˶˺ƽΨһ⣬ǵĳˣȨԴκһˡ
Ȼһֻãûĸɵϣȥð˵ġ
ںҳԵ£ƽȣǹҲ۸ƽƽܵ۸ԵٲԺߣһ࣬ΥĹ壬ܵٲԺС
ȻҳҲȨײ㣬ַ绹Ǿܵչƽ棬Ӷ֤ͨڳ½ȣֱƽá
˵Ǻ͹½ĳˣǺ͵ĳȣĸҲһ㡣
Ϊںҳǵƽ񣬻ܵĴܵõҽƾûκεĺ֮ǡ
ҳǵ߹ǳַ磬ڳ֮£ԺɳԺеճ
Ժʮϣдϣɲش峤Σش峤ַʶ֮һδϣַҲȽϷġ
ϰҲ˳֮һרŸҳǵó׻
ʮλϸ˾ÿλϸһлһλֶصĳϣרŸйƳǹܡ
ȻڵϵĻģǹܲʲôõ壬ǲɷϣһ˵ǹܵĴڣǷǳбҪģûгǹܵļල϶ס
ǳǹܹбҪôֱ
̯տǻᣬγǹܣĺǿ˵̯λﲻÿֱõﻮˣִ̾Ͳò㣿СûȨġ
ҳǵĳǹܺһĵطһҪΪǹܣҪһʮϣʮµͳͳ׼ǹܡ
˻󣬾Ҳʢ˾ˣƢԽϺãҲûôʢҪǣ˵ǹܣ϶ž˱ִĿԣǲ˴ͺˣôȥˣ
ҲˣҳǵĳǹܴӣһɫĴү輶ȺүһԵı뺷ޱȣΪ˭Ҳǣһԣһүˤˣ㸺𰡣
˭ӳǹܹҲð죬үΥ̼¼ȻΰӴΰӳǲͬˣΰһɫ׳СǿûдүЩǹܶԱô˵ǵְǸִ
Ҳһ֮ЧĹ취£ҳȻȻ˺ܶ˿ڣȴľһҲûлҵģ
ַй߼һ棬ǵĹЧ˺ܸߵۣ˵õ˵϶¶ĵЦݡ
һεľۻϣεľǰޱˣΪޱַֻūȴ˺ܴȨ鷢ݵģޱںҳǣȴûʽְ
ַҲ뵽һ㣬˰ޱһǹٵְְûϵʵȨȴӵкܸߵݣԵĽǶ˵͵ǳˡ
˶ַû̫⣬ʵϣַʽ֮ǰޱѾִǹٵְˣܺתġ
ַޱҲһϲһʯͷҲˡ
һʱ䣬ޱļΪģȿ鴦ѧ֪ʶֿʹܴȨҳһһĽ
ӹԽãޱԽģӣ֪Թã˻õĳС
Ͼڳûûݣ֪˻δ
ںˣ˸ǹٵְȻȨȷȨˣǰޱȻܿġ
ΪְȷûƯĸо
ȻϺҳǵ߹ǶʮɵĳԺʵϣǳԺĳҲֻ֪ǳˣûʵȨģֻǹߣͳߣͳֻһλǵĳˡ
ҳǵһзɺͽɳǻʵЩָȴûȨ
ǶǴˣʲôʲôȻ
ҲˣǲܽҳǵĹС
ǻõĹߣȴַʡĵˡ
鴦ϣַ΢΢һЦº͵˵͵ɣǻȥ°ɣҲĺˣǾΪ£Ҳǵġ
ǣˣǾȸˡ
һһ뿪ֻаޱҧ
ַ翴˰ޱһۣʵ£
ţǵˡޱͷ˵
ʲô顣ַʵ
ޱҧ˵ˣҪΪ𣿡
ַһ㶣û뵽ޱȴ˵¡
ַͷ˵սʿ֮ҲĽѣսʿԸΪ£
УսʿôΪ£ȻսʿûƫȴΪսʿΪ¡
ޱ̾һ˵̫ƶˣֲʳôսʿΪʳ϶սʿԸΪЧ
ҿ壿ַ΢΢۾Ӿȡ
Ϊɫ嶼ԸͶˡ
ޱɬһЦ˵ĴǰͶ岢ʲô˵顣
ʵϣѾвսʿˣӦ֪ӶжսʿΣЩսʿԸӶţȻԼ׬ȡĳͻʳ˻زԼˡ
취ܹܺõˣ̫̰ˣЩӶŸսʿıǳ΢սʿĸɱǲȥսʿͲġ
ޱַ磬ٴ˵ˣ֪ûпˣҪսʿĻԸΪսʿ
ʱ䣬ںҳǵޱδôӣַƷУҲðޱϿɣ԰ޱŻַ뷨
սʿսǿ˫ӲʹӲʹҲ˵ûôĻӣùˡ
˵ޱĽַͣȷЩĶˡ


357 һϢ
ַȻҲ˵սĿǰ£Ҫǣȴ졣
ЩܹսʿӶһǹģˣĴӶţҲбЩսʿЩ飬һͨû˻ǵ鷳
ͨȴһ㣬ȵһսʿͲѰܹ顣
սʿҲȻʲô˶ܹġ
ڶ㣬̣ܹͨ裬Ҳһ鷳£УսʿɴСû˹Ȼల£׷ǾȫĹС
ԷҪΪ㣬ĻᶼûУֱӾͿԴ㣬һɱ㡣
κһطһģȨƣͿ̤ɣûûȨƣֻܹԹ£ɵòҪ
ַͷһ˵
ޱһ㶣֪Լ̫ˣ鰵ɲôܹɵġ
ȻޱַܹսʿĿǰȥսʿַûκΰ棬Ϊ鷳
Բˣû뵽һ㡣ޱھε˵
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ûϵģʵϣҲսʿȴڣҵ̫ٵȵȣٵȵȣٹһʱ䣬ҾͿԼϲˡ
ַ翴ޱ΢Ц˵ޱ֪ҵΪʲôҪ𣿡
ҡҲ֪ޱʱΪַǴԼɫԲŻɱ˾ԼǶôˣûȻǴɫô򵥣һַ£ãȻˡ
𣿡ַ΢Цʵ
áޱҡҡͷ
ٷ֮ʮŵ˶൱ֻ࣬һСٷ֮һʣܹΪúõˣǾ͸ˡ
ǿθҲ󣬿ȴƶ񤣬ʳѷ͵ǳࡣ
κһ壬һȱٱĿ״̬̫á
ַЦЦָŰޱ˵ʵϣҾԭ򣬵һԭΪŮڶԭΪˡ
ҿԸ㣬ҾһҰļң֪кܶöҲȱܶöȻ̰ͼĺöΪǾԲܺдģĽ׵ģΪǿԾĹΪûĸɵӻô
Һǲһûôɻ䣬ֻҪкô˲ʲô˵顣
ֻҪΪҴ棬ҿϸõٲ̼
˵Ķ𣿡ޱ̲ס˵
Ȼַ϶˵
ллˡޱм˵
Ȼַ˵Ļ¶ǣҲҰģǶ˵Ұĵ壬õĺ󣬵ȻҰܹ֮࣬ӵиģǾ͸ˡ
Ҫ֪ЩҰĲĺ˶İǷǳصģǼǰʳ鱦ۣһ۵ʳͳ˱ܹ岿лȡĿʯ͸Ƥë
һʳֻǿգҪԱһܵ顣
Ȼ˽ӴĲ࣬ǰޱóԼλˣҪЩͭĺҪöˣнף˹ϸõӡ
ַ翴ǰͨİޱͻȻһŮԭ˶ޱеٮٮߣ¶ɢһȻϢַҲһʱûŮˣһޱģʱЩѳֲסĸо
ַ΢΢һЦڰޱľУհ˹
ޱպƣ䵽ַĻ
ºͷ޷ԼʱҲơ
ˡءޱŵĽһ֪ôһ죬ֻһĵȴΪ˻
ޱովһСͱַ촽ַͷ˳촽˽ͷ׷ޱСࡣ
ǰޱһ־ָо֣˵ϲҲ˵ᣬǱܵҪƿַ硣
ַ̫ˣһ˫ֱ۷·һһ㣬μסͶˡ
ޱˣ̾һַֻʩΪ
ޱԼЩ̫ˣַûڼ򵥵ǣ˫ڰޱϣַĵطͺһ㣬飬ִһޱ﷢صܵģ
ַϲͣҪ⿪ޱ·ŮȹҲ֪ôϵģַ˰Ҳӣһ˫һһ죬Ͱȹ˺ˡ
оԼ·˺ޱһ̲סһ£ַӵ£ܿͱ
ȹ˺ַܿͰѰޱѳһֻ׺С
ַſޱӣúõ塣
ޱɫͨ죬ɬסԼ廹΢΢ЩƤϷһ˿ķۺ졣
ַһѰޱҺ󣬽ޱŵϣԼȥ
ڰޱһʹУַº͵Ľ˰ޱ壬ַһˬĸо̱
оޱַż˶ַĶһ־ζڰޱɢޱҧܣָо̫̼ˣ̲סˣһ˳
һ֮һʰҲſĹ˼ɣԼŰĴС
ַһЦͻȻޱһԼϣַ˫ƨɣʹָѶȵĶһ˼ֲ˶ãַҲ㹻Ժһֱȥ
һƶĴ̼ױȣǿҵĴ̼ðޱӴĽ
ޱȻѾ˼Ϊ˷ܵ״ַ̬ԿޱƯĻβͣȻĽ»ζ
ַһһ߼һץס˰ޱβͣĸ
ȻβͣһҲª쳣Ưرǰޱβͣë׵ģֻǿһ۾ְ档
ַͻȻŹֵķ֣ԼһޱĻβͣޱȻҵĲҲ̸˰˶ȣǴڻһһģַ
ַһЩˣԭŮβͣҲǵе֮һβͣӾ̼
ַˣһ߼һ߰ë׵βͣޱִ̼߽ܲһַ̱ϡ
ַԸоޱ壬ҵĲһȵҺ壬Լϡ
ʱַڵħȻһƾղһһ˳ӴĵطЩȵҺ嶼˽


358 һ
ַһ㶣鿴ڵ
ϢʱҲһ㶣Ϊ⵽ϢħҲǶַĸоУֻǺַӴȣһϢȫͬ
ַҲ˵壬ʲô
ַ۲ʱһϢѾ˳˵Ӵ˰ޱڡ
ַԵĸоһ˿ϢڰޱתһȦȻַصַڣսǺ֮УƯħԱߡ
ַЩ棬һϢʲôʲôãΪʲôһϢ
ַȥһϢƺһҲûУ޷
ͻȻַһ뵽һֿԡ
һ񹦣ϢǲǺһйϵ
һַɱ˰׽֮Ӱ׽ҵһؼһһ˫޹ַõؼҲһ񹦲˺ܴȤһ񹦣ַֻôһãַ罥أҲͰһҲˡ
Ǹղŵһ䣬һ񹦵һУһһһ
ַڵһϢֲһַҲȷǲһ񹦲Ч
ٶ࣬һԡ
ַһ񹦵ķţһϢַȥȴûЧԣЧˡ
ͻȻַоǺһϢԼʩչһ񹦵ط
һϢȻһйϵһ񹦽пƣһҲȫĿϢֻеļοھԿת
ַܹ֮ϢҲ֪ô
ϢúЩر𣬲˫޹ĲȻ׳ʹġ
ַһ֮£ϢԼӹԼͬʱöԷŮӼٸ߳ڻʲôȴһܹԳġ
ϢƬʱ䣬ޱѾЩ
ַʱȴͷϣټϷϢã̰Ѱޱ
ޱһоַĻֽԼ壬̾ȵĽеˣܲˣŹҰɡ
ڸոİޱ˵ѾоĴʹ
ַԴԼŮ˻Ǻģޱ˵ҲüΪʹһ˫üҲͷԼĶ
ַǰޱĴסޱٶðޱһǰмѡ
ַĶͣڵǵϢȴ
ǵϢַһƣ̸ַоԼٴ׳һϣԽļӲֱ仯ޱҲоˣԵԽޣҿַĿҲһ˿档
ôôԺܲܵ˰
ַȻҲоԼı仯ֱ仯ȴҲǰϲϢ̫ˣһ֤ļֵˡ
ȻӿѧĽǶ˵ԵĴСӰǵʵʵУĳߴ磬˸ģҶŮ˵ҲгǴӾǶȻǴӾǶȣĳߴ磬ȻЧ
ɷϣ˶ӵиߴ磬ַҲ⡣
ַĿƺϢͨӵĵط밬ޱڣһκϴͬϴʶģȴַơ
ΪַƣϢ밬ޱںַԿ⵽ϢС
һУҲӦ׹ַչгԣǵϢת
Ϣһתޱܲˣ·ǧֻȥޱȣ˵
£Ȼַ綯ҲǰޱȴŰĽлȸղŵķӦҪ󣬶ҲƬʱ䣬ޱִ̼ܲеͶˡ
ˡ㡭ҪˣܲˡޱᴭȻ飬ķǳ̫̼ˣ̼˷裬Լִ̼ܲ
ַȥޱͷĺˮĴ˵ˣ͵ڶԸˡ
ллˡޱһҲоůůġ
ַһޱڵǵϢ˳Ʒصַڣַһƣࣵһ죬ʹӰޱ˳
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ȥϴ衣ַ籧Űޱȥϴּ䡣
ַȻװ޵ĻֲܴڣǸȴѾϣϴּԡ׶׼˵ġ
ԡﻹװ˵ˮϴˮ衣
ַԡˮȻԡ⽫˵ϴɾŴŰޱԡס
һᡣԡַ籧Űޱԡֻ¶Դԡױϣ
ˮ裬ַ糤ĳһЩ˵
ǰޱҲһϲ˵
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֮ǰһ˫޹һֱҲһ񹦣ÿκŮͬʱ򣬸ǻ᲻ԾŹַûɹÿ޷ӦҲ顣
Ȼַ£ȴסַӦںͰޱͬʱԶתһ壬ޱ߳ʱһƴŮĴһ񹦣ŲһϢ
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ԴŮֻһһǹ
תΪһ
ַǰûģȻҲһ񹦡
ַڵħŹ֣аԣԪǺͬԴȴֱһΣԵַŻȸоħһȻ˰ޱĴ֮ŵһǶǵһ
һǶǣһַһһ񹦵ؼԽпƣֲȫơ
ַоһ
һԭתԽ˫ޣӶʹΪѸΪַûħһȻ˶ȴҲһͬ
һѾʧȥԣ˫ޣҲܷ˵У飬ȴĲˡ
һ㣬ޱķӦ֪ˡ
ˮ˰СʱַоˣŰޱվ
һվޱַ翴һۣɫ΢΢һ죬ȴҧ˵ˣ㡭ﲻҪɣ
ôˣַﻹӲģðޱһǱ廹ǿ
ַ翴һۣЩЦǵһ̫ˣھȻЧǣҲַղûзййϵ
ˡҪҪҰ𣿡ޱ˵꣬Ѿƻ
ôַ翴ޱС죬ͻȻڴ


359 Ѫ
СʱַóԸڰޱȫ˳
ıַ֮Сֵͣ
ַˣȴѰޱ۵ùǺҲˣҲˣΪ̫ãһվַվ
ޱüͷַһۣҧҧ촽һھͰĶȥⶫζֵֹģǵ˵棬Ҳ³ȥȽһ㡣
ŰޱʵĶַСֵܣֿɳܵӲˡ
һΣַҲ֪ܼˣʰһԡҡ
ޱ·Ѿַ˺ˣַĴָ˲·ȻַԼ·ޱûģȻһЩǲӰж
ŰޱϢһҹڶһ磬ַ˫˴سǡ
˴سǣַȻصԼĸۡѯʱ䣬ʲô鷢
ۡĹܼض֮ǰһˣʧܣƲ˺ֱץūַūг˻
ضܼҷǳϧ֮׵Ĺ·ǳ棬ַλҲǳ𾴡
ַܼ㱨ʱسǵϢûʲôҪ飬ҪҪ㱨һħʦЭַ֪ͨ磬ַ綩ĶѾַʱȥβȡ
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½Ȼûе绰Ϊħ磬ҲкܶͨѶֶΣ˿ûʹЩͨѶֶΣҪ̸ַȻʲôҪˡ
ַҲûʲôòĵģȰ˿֪ʲôˡ
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¿ʼеĸӦˮƬַ̺˵᳤ˣӦˮƷ൱Ըʮһҵļ۸չ𣿡
ԡַͷ˵
Ӧˮڹ½ֵ󣬶ǵȴƷַڵչ˲ٵĸӦˮһõ½Ϳۡ
ַĿǰң϶۸Ӧˮõġ
ַ˵ͬ⣬¿ʼͬ飬һ¹Ӧˮм飬¶ϣȷӦˮļֵһ½Ӧˮַ֧ʮһֵĽ
Ӧˮֵܼʮһңַ繺Ʒֵʮңȥ򶨽ʮҪ֧Գ۸ӦˮõʮһңȥʮַԵõʮһҡ
˫ϣַ̽ǰֵħƷ
ַҪߣͻȻʵ᳤ˣ׼Ҫ𣿡
ַѾħʦЭιѪһεĽУѪҲռ˴ͷѪĹЧӻ޵ֻҪɵϣȻܹµַĿġ
ַ翴һۣͷ˵ǴһԼĻޡ
µ˵ڿ³۹ĿǣҪһᣬ췽ϢƷͻйأһǴغһԨʯƷĻа𣿡
غԨʯһַǳϡٵıʯ޳ܹ֮ǵ
غһֺʯͨһöʵŨԪء
غĳ֣źܴżȻԣɽ·ߵһʯǴغвõļһ񵽹غ
غܹϵ޵ʩһĸԣϵ
ԨʯǺʹغƵĴڣһźɫʯͷ溬ǿҵˮԪ
ԨʯؿɾͱȴغնˣԨʯֻУֻЩ޴ĺпܿԨʯӰ
ΪĳԨʯĲɾͱȴغʯҪϡٶˡ
Ԩʯˮϵ޿ˮϵʩһĸû
ԨʯֱʯԻ޷ǳҪʩһһļʿ
ӵָķΧͱȽϹˣʱûܵĸ죬ʱû޷ǿõûܣܵ򣬸̫ͣͲҪ̫ϣˡ
˵ݣַһ㶣ǴغԨʯǲɶõĺöƽʱѵһҪǳֶԿʵ
غԨʯԻ޵ҲҪֻԺˮԵĻޣõǣ£ղŲŻ˵Ϊַ֪Ļ޵ʲôԣ֪ܹʹõƷ
ллǼᣬҪʲôʱСַ粻ɫĽһֵٽҵĽ˹ȥ
ǹĿһɨҲǲɫĽֻ̬֮ȱԽַ繧˵ظ᳤˵ĻʮǼҪʼˡ
ַͷ˵ллϢԺʲôƵϢԵҼ֪ͨҡ
ǣһйصϢ¹˵
ַЦЦ뿪ħʦЭᡣ
صУַ罫޺˳ȻιʳѪ
˳Ż޺ʵӣÿնѪʱ䷴ԽԽַιʮöѪ޺˴ʱ䣬ϡ
һնѪʱЧҲԣ޺嶼ŴһȦƤҲøӾӨʯһ㡣
ַҲܹԵĸо޺ʵָһء
˵ҲǣʮöѪǻַʮңҪһЧûУǾ̫ˡ
޺Ѿ϶ѪַҲԷĵĳħʿˡ
ʱ䣬ַ粻ϵʯѾﵽٽ㣬ֻҪַԸʱԳħʿ磬ֻΪ˻޺ĳɳӳ˽ʱ䡣
ѪÿһʮöҪֱַӽħʿ磬޺ڱûնѪҲ͵ʮöѪΪ˻޺ĳɳַŻݻ


360 ӡӹų
һ׼ַ翪ʼħʿ硣
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Ǻ˵ĽƶǺˣپǺˣɽ
Ǻһ飬ַ翪ʼµĹǺˣһ۳µǺˣ͵ڽϣһ̷ַ⣬ǺڣһʹµǺ˳ٳ޷ۡ
ַ粻ΪǺˣַйǺ˵ľ飬֪Ǻ˵ĽӶһ˳ģǳ
޷Ϊϡ
ַȫǺˣַϵǿ󣬲ַô޷Ǻˡ
ַˣΪַǺ̫ǿԲʹǺǿ
ַǺԭͲһ㣬ټϾ絤ʹǺеħ˵ħȫҪǿǺԽǿԽ󣬵ͬʱѶҲԽ
ַǺ˵ʧܣǺ˿ʼԶۣҪ±شħʦǺˣһشħʦǺˣôҲʹһνʧܡ
һνʵ׵ģҽ֮ЧãÿʧһΣѶȾһ֣Чͽһ֣ÿλħʦԽǳûȫİգǲ᳢Խġ
ַ翴Ǻ˾ҪۻشħʦǺˣ֪ãַ׼һһʯС
ַ翪ʼʯеǺ˵ۣһļ룬ǺеǹڱַƽǺˣʼַԸۡ
Ǻһһۣͣࣵһ죬ħʿǺϣַħʿ
ǺֻǽĵһǺ۵ɣǺ˿ʼ𶯣Ǻڵħʼʱ䣬ʼħʱУ仯
ַɿóһſʯϵеӶǺ˽Ҫ
һһҹ֮еǺȫƽħʿǺ˵Ľǳɡ
ַһʼ鿴
Ǻ˽ɣǺ˿ռø󣬿ɸħħʱ䣬ǿħ죬ʩ죬ͬʱָ֧ħʩչǿħ
ַҲǺ˵ĽлǿǱһۿԪشԵǿԪع
ַ罫һ飬ڵ״̬ǳ⡣
ɣַʵҲһأҪٴ˿ħԲϴôˡ
ֻصħʿˣַȻһЦɿóһħװ
ħװ֮ǰ˿͸ַģֻħʿʹװΪַҪֻܽװ½ħʿֿʹװˡ
װϣַһзȣϤǿоӿȫ
ַͷȻһΣ˲ʱʹʯһжֵˣַΪ˽龧֮Σ֮ʵǿȫȻ֮ǰܹġ
ַҪǶ֮ǰԼԿԽ֮ǰԼܵ
ַһ֣޺˳
޵ʵҲʵַħʿ޺ʵҲ
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޺ԭɫƤԽľӨ͸·һɫıʯɣɢһ˿ɫΣϷǳƯ
ΨһϧİһֻޣҪһֻޣǾ̫ˣҲû취飬ġ
˵ˣһֻޣ͸͵ЦˣʲôƷֵĻޡ
طЩС޸ͻַֻܰѻ޺
ʮ֮ڿ³۹һᣬԨʯۣԨʯˮϵ޿Ǻöַ㵽ʱȥȻֺöĻ᲻̫ߣܹҪȥġ
ʱķɿ죬һΣȥˣ磬˿׼ʱ
һ棬˿͹ֵֹĿַ磬Ŀһ˿档
ôˣֲûңַЦ˵
ֻǸо֣ҵĸо֮ǰһˡ˿˵
ַ룬ɷµ˵ħ򣬻Ǻйء
ɡ˿پ£ȺַһЩ˵¡
ַ磬˵ӡӹų𣿡
ӡӹųǣַüͷ˵ֻ˵ӡӵ۹ǧǰǽµһػӡӵ۹ͳΣǧ£ӡӵ۹ķѣղڵĸ֣νӡӹųǣǲǺӡӵ۹йϵ
˿ͷ˵ӡӹŹȷӡӵ۹йأӡӵ۹µһ֪ĵżΪӡӵ۹йأԱǳ֮Ϊӡӹųǡ
ӡӹųλǧɽ֮£ǰһ֧ðСӷڣӡӹųǣǰ
ӡӹųǱƿأÿʮ귨ῪųһΣʱΪһ£ڴһڣʮµԽų̽ʱһųǷԶ˳ųǣҪٵʮųǲŻῪ
ӡӹųÿοƣֻʮµĲܽУһرǶƣÿνųǣֻٸ
ӡӹųȻǳΣգҲкܶöõˣǿջģˣڽųǵ۹ķǳңΪǧɽı߽ϣǿŵռ
ʵϣֹһĸңΪǧɽشĹ紦ֱ³۹ϼ
³۹ΪʵǿʮÿÿʮŸˣµĶٰʮŻڴ½Χڽо䡣
µûʲôˣԿ³۹ʵÿλΪԼȡټԭͷʮÿοӡӹųǣ³۹ӵʮǴʵˡ
˿˵Щ֣̽ӡӹųһΪ߲㣬ԽԽΣգصĶȴҲԽáǰѾ̽ĲˣĲ㻹û˽ȥҪһµʱ̫ˣܵƣֻʮµĲܽȥʵҲԽߵĲΡ
˿ַ磬˵ӡӹųһΣԣеջҲǳ֮ÿνӡӹųǵˣ϶ջ񡣡
˶٣˿˵һӡӹųǵĿʱ䣬ڶʮǰҲ˵һڣӡӹųǻٴο
ôַ磬ӡӹųȤ𣿡仰ǰ˿Ҫ˵ص㡣
ַͷֱԲ˵ͦȤģҿԲμ𣿡
ַĻش˿⣬ͷ˵ȻԣҲĿġ


361 ųǵ
˿˵ȻԣҲĿġ
ַһ㶣˿ش̫ɴַ࣬һ㶡
ô˵Ļ˿Цŷʵ
ᡣֻ̫ף̫Ծѹַ룬ټҲֻѣһȴ䵽ַϣַȻԾġ
ַһЦŰ˿ͻȻ˵ӡӹųǵԭӦѾѡ˰ɣӦûҷݵģĻͲڲ˵£ڵʱ˵ˡ
ʱ˵ȻҪ˵Ӻʡ
˿Цһ̾Ϣ˵ַ̫ˣʲôҲ㡣
ѡѾȷˣһѡ⣬Ҳ޷μӡӹŹֻˡ
Ŷʲô⣿𣿡ַʵ
˿һ˿ŭ˵ûҵԸˣĹˡ
ַˣԭҲѹְ˿ŭˡ
ֻ˲ž˴ģӦҲаնԷᱳѲŶ԰ôֻᱻĹأ
Ȼַ·ǳ棬ַҲ֪ǶԷ˰̣ǲҪʵĺá
ҲǺַȥ˿˵Ҳ֪ˣڿճһԸĻø㡣
ַ룬˵֪ϸ
û⣬㲻ʣҲ˵ġ
˶٣˿˵ӡӹųǷǳһΪ߲㣬ԽԽΣգջҲԽ󣬽ǰѾѹεĲˣǺĲûȥ
һεӡӹųǿˣڵĳһһռǣռм˵ĲһݵͼڵĲĳһһݺҪĶһӡӹųǵĿʼϣܹǰĲõһ
ҪǰĲ㣬ɲ׵飬ΪԭѾһλսʿп£ʮΪƽսʿʮ꣬պûڽӡӹųǵ䷶Χڣʵ䣬Ҳõѡ֮һ
ַͷʮͳΪƽսʿ治սʿͷΣҲѹǰѡһΪӡӹųǵѡˡ
ֻ˭Ҳ뵽һȻ˺ٳŵͶȥˡ
»вٵĻַȴȥˡ
˿˵³ͷϿɹѡѡͱüϡ٣ΪӡӹųǱҪʮ֮ǰܹĲ㣬ʵϿ϶ҲҪǳǿѡҲͲˣԣҾˡ
һνӡӹųǣҲȥǰҴĲõǼֻҪǼƷջȫ㣬㻹ҪҲһ
ַ֪ܲûô򵥣ҪôףҲͲˡ
ӡӹųǵôôԵ޹ʱˡ
ҪȴҲòˣֶ̣ҪҪ̫࣬Ժ飬ɾͲ˵ˡ
ַ룬˵ֻһҪڽӡӹų֮Ҹоܵв޷õǼƷôȨε㿴ô
˿üͷȴǵ˵ͷ˵ԡ
ַλħʿоܵвôټҲûãַҪҲԴӦ
ַͷ˵УôǾ˵ˡ
ãһΪΪ˴е˳㻹ʲôҪҲԾ
ַ˵ҪûУӻƷҵҪġ
Ѫô˿ʵڻ˵ѪѾܺöƷˡ
ѪˡַҡҡͷѪȻ󣬵ǱϾԻǮ򵽣ԻǮ򵽵ĶҲûҪ鷳ˡ
룬ַ粹һĶˣҪԨʯƷġ
ԨʯһƷƷҲұֻ֤ܻȥ֮һԡ˿ΪѵüͷԨʯƷƷǳϡ٣˵ǿϻǮҲһܹⶫ
ַЦЦ˵ûϵҲ֪ƷƷңҲҲ̫⡣
ַ˵˿¶һ˿Цݣһ
˵£˿ɵЦַ磬ѩ̵ҿǰȥˣҪΪ׼
û⣬һ׼ʱԽַۡЦЦ˵ˣǶѩ̵ķӦôɣ
˿˵аɣϾѩ̵ĿڸкܶأûӴ˵ѩ̺οѩ̵ô٣ǶУ׬һʣӦûġ
һ⣬Ҳò˵ûӴѩ̵ˣͷһκѩ̣ȷͦ棬Ǻȹκʸнؾ͵ˣʱˣҲǮһϣѩ̿ɾͲЩƣҪ֪Щƣǻζġ
ҲѩϵߣʱĿ飬һʾȥˣҲôһ£ǲܺȽϵġ
ֻƣ񫣬
ַͷ˵֪ûϵѩֻǵש׬Ǯĺöں棬Ҫֻͷ죬֮˳ĻƷüǮ
Ҿͷˡ˿ͷ⣬ƺͦġ
˹ڽҵһЩϸڣ˿˵ĲˣҲûµ뷨ַһֻϢõĴѶ̣뿪ˡ
ѶҲħʦ֮䣬õͨѶ֮һ
Ѷ֮Խħ󶨣󶨺ọֻ̃һָֻ뱻ʱһ̵ָֻ֮ҲӦĶ
ϣȶ̺÷ţָָʲôţʹʲô壬ӶﵽϢĿġ
ѶħħΪԴÿʹһΣҪһֵһٽҵħһַǳ߰ͨѶֶΣͨǲʹֶϢġ
ַֻѶѾͰ˿ĴѶħ󶨣˫ֻͨѶ໥ϵ
ӡӹųǿӻһξ룬ӦǻһڿǾ嵽һ죬ȴ˭Ҳ˵׼ġ
ӡӹųǿʱÿʮ꣬ÿοʱ䶼ֻͬܽд¹㣬ǰаʱ԰˿Ҳ֪ʲôʱῪ
ӡӹųڿǰһ¾ͻ󣬴Ӷ֪ųǼܹݵĸȥųš
ǧɽӡӹųǣ
ַ׽仰˼
ӵλ˵ǧɽǰ˹ɽǧǰ˹ɽǧ䣬ؿǱ䶯˹ɽҲ˵ǧɽ
ڵļӡӵ۹ͳƬʱ˹ɽûʲôУȴһѧԺ
ӡӵ۹貵֮һʥŵħѧԺ


362 ͵Ϯ
ʥŵħѧԺӡӵ۹貵֮һ
˶ʮλħʦλħʿϣٺķʮ֮󣬲ŽʥŵħѧԺ
ʥŵħѧԺųӡӵ۹һѧԺڵʱĹ½Ҳǰ֮С
ʥŵħѧԺǳΰҲǰ˿˵߲㣬ʮһ㡣
ʥŵħѧԺɲǵһڻ˴֮£ʥŵħѧԺ޽һħǱǱڷĿ£ӵиħãУӶﵽõĽѧЧ
ڱҪʱʥŵħѧԺҲһǳǿħҪֹǳǿ˵ħʱ򣬾ǽ䣬Ҳûа취
˹ɽҲôһʥŵħѧԺҪ󣬶ʥŵħѧԺѧ͸պʮֻ꣬ʮµˣѧҲǷֻʮµˣӡӹųǵԭ
ַԭΪЩŴǿħӦѾʱıǨսҵķʧˣȴû뵽ûʧҳ˵ǰ
Ӱ˿Ļ֪ӡӹųЩΣգвٺööַ⣬ϾΪһħѧԺкܶΣյĻַ벻ͨΣˡ
ЩţҲֻеȵַȥӡӹųǣ֪ˡ
Ȼַ֪ӡӹųǵӦõʥŵħѧԺ£ַǲͱ˵ģȻֻӡӹųǡ
ʥŵħѧԺͷʥŵħѧԺɵʱ򣬵ѾħʿΪֲӡӱˣȻҲûȥʥŵħѧԺˣԶҲ֪Ĳġ
ַҲ֪ʥŵħѧԺﻹкܶöģһȥӦôջ
뿪ӣŻдʱ䣬ַҲгʱ䣬Ϊ׼


ǿ³۹·ʡĵһǣسдµ·ַ̣´ʱ䣬ǰǰǡ
߰ʱ䣬Ҳ̫żַųë֩룬һ·羰һǰǡ
һ죬ַ;ɽڣոմɽ߳Զ
ַ̧ͷһǰ治ԶһȺƴɱһ٣ԴƣĿǰ˵Ҫ˶ãٵһˡ
Ѫȵսڹ½ÿ춼ᷢʲô˲飬ַҲûдС֣һ۾;ֱë֩˹ȥ
ﻹɽڵƣֻһһսˣպð·ڸסˡ
ûϵë֩ӦȫΣ͵ɽһͨУԱߵɽƹȥͿˡ
ַ粻£ɶԷȴûŹ
ս˫ԵزɱǿƵһʮˣƵһֻʮˣȫԷΧסѹŴ
ʱ򿴼ַųë֩ǿһЩ˵۾ʱһ
ų쿴˹ˡ
ϣħǳë֩ɣ
ë֩Ǻöֵüǧء
ǸͨˣҪҪ
һֻëֵ֩ƣټܹﳤë֩ˣ϶ٶŲһʲ͵ջ
ʲôջҲûУֻë֩룬㹻Ǵ׬һʵˡ
ųַһۣʲôãӦǸͨˣȻо֣Ϊʲôͨ˻ųë֩ųҲû룬ϾԷֻһͨˣȻЩҲǲ£ֻҪһɱٻʬ𼣣бҲǰ״
ųջĿ⣬ųеս˵ԼŰɣעɾһ㡣
İųʲôʱųͷͬ⣬ԱһСսʿϲ˵
СսʿƤףϻһѶСذףٺһЦϻɫĶһƾվôʧˡ
Ȼһͨĵ
ҲǶĶڰԶֽлҽûԵĶǿӵ͵Ϯɱĺ֡
ĵϢɱ֣ͬձؼ˲䱬ӶǿһС
СȥΣ͵͵Ŀַ磬ĽŲžѾŻ£վǰҲȫоĴڣǵ֮
ĻҽӵħʦҲԿԵҲ֮Ϊʦǡ
ϵķʦǳΣա
Ȼ޽⣬кܶ෽ҳλãõ޷Լⶼ֪ҪԼ£ƽʱ򣬺޷ıǾͷǳΣա
ǵһʧַһЦȻ£ǾȴȫǵĶԻַ綼һҲַ翴
ĻҽһͺѱҳǵΪؼܣ·ͺûӶžϢ޷
ҽȻãҲҪʲôõģҪǶ͵ϮַȻ˼֣ǸղսʿҪԸĵ̫ˡ
ַ缸ʩչʲôֶΣǿľɢȥͲ١
ҽ״̬£Զܾ飬ǵǿԶԶҽʱ򣬻ҽЧͻھǰʧ
ͬˮһ㣬յ԰ˮոɣˮˣҲ԰ѻ
˭˭ǿܿ˭
ַľ£ĿĵǱԼǰıؾ֮·ϣֻҪԼǱ߾Ϳ׵ķӶһ
жܼ򵥣ǾԺЧҪǻ͵Ϯ»׶༪١
˫ַܽųë֩ѾԷʱǵַһذףذϻɫĶȻַıĴ͵Ϯȥ
һǱ͵Ϯ֣ͬսʿҲ·һ
ַȴ΢΢һЦһ˦һ׵д׵аСԴСҵĴһԴ˺̿һƬ̻Ʈ
һɱ
ħʿַ֮ʩ̨ף֮ǰѾͬնܹɵĻɱ֡
һҽҲ˵ע
˹ص£㾹ɱ˱˹ص£Ҫɱ㣡
һսʿȻĴ϶һ˫ִ󽣣źųַ
ַ絭Ŀһһ˿ħ޵һ£ͻȻһ죬һ޴̴ӵͻݺݵײ˰սϣѰսʿش̴ϡ
սʿŵĿԼؿһۣһţڴڵѪð˳Ͷ˶˵ʲôȴʲô˵Ͷˡ
ڶսʿַС
ʣµսʿɵҲ֪鲻Ծˣϵħ󣬵ʩֻҪ׼̻ǺܺöģȴɱֻһܣǶԷʩ̫ǿԲɱ¡
¾ɱİսʿ
ǵųҲһĿصĿַ硣
ˣǿˣû뵽ͨͨˣȻһħʦһͨ˵ħʦ
£鷳ˡ


363 һ
һƽеϱǿĻƽ𼶶ַ˵ѣ֮ǰԣ˵ǸҵҲѾɱˣ¾ô㿴Σ
չ¶Լƽ𼶵Ķ˵¾ʹ˽⣬һ飬ҲʹӦˣλصĻƽսʿҲֶηǷ
ַЦЦǰһץͻȻץסһħȡ
ԷѾ֣һˣ»
ַû˵ġ
֮ǰߴ򶷣ַһϵҲûУַҲ֪˭Ǻ˭ǻˣȻҲȥеκһǼȻ˶֣ôҲͿȷһٲǺˡ
ǺˣֵԼַôɷŹǡ
ַ編ȵ֣ĬĬʩ
ãɱ
ַĶַ֪׼ʩչħһַ̳˹ȥ
˫ľԭͲԶȫϢ֮ͳ嵽ַǰ
ɱ
âһһУд󽣣ַԴݺնȥƺҪַһ롣
ҲףսʿħֻһսʤķǾǿٿֻпħʦսʿȡʤĻᣬһ˫룬Ҳͳսʿı֮֡
رԣܹʹħɱսʿħʦǱˡ
ظûκԥһַ׼֣ȷˣȶ֡
ַŷȵ֣ҲϵĵҲԽԽʱȴ֣ϺһһƳֵַǰصͻϮһ
ԪػΣ
ٴγһܹԪػεװٶħʿϵĸ߽װӵװ˵Էһħʿ˵Էı൱򵥣Ҫ֪һħʿҲûֵȼװġ
صڵҪ֪ԷôǿôԼԱ˳ţŻͬ»ɱԷҪ󰡣ģⲻԼ
ͻϮһڻϣڹϴƬƬ̶ֳȵĹ޷Ʒܡ
ȻоȣϵĶȴһҲûܵӰ죬һٳԱһҪƹܣɱַ磬ʱַһ׻սף׻ս׽ַػûκǡ
ģ
غݺݵһԷԪضܾȻԪؼף⻹ò˻ˡ
ԽߺޣֵĹҲԽͣеĴ󽣰ǿĶݺݵĴַϣܴһ濪ʼҵĻζַֻȴ˿ƺӰ졣
زƿڴˣ⻹Ƿʦվڲսʿ򣬾Ȼһ㷴ӦûУɶǣȻ򲻶ûޣû˰
˵ʵʱ䲻ѣʱַ׼ħѾʩϣַȳǰһָϵ˸ֲ糯ų˹ȥ
ַþĿ꣬պǿһ֣ǳְΧȦٵһΧм䣬˫ݣܺñϣַ罫Щ˵Ŀ׼û
һɷֲ磬һһ٣ոպȫаΧȦˣҽͳһȻбеˣҲǳĬĻ鴤ĵȥ
ַǿľ£ֲħӳ˾׼ĹλһһħûзŹһˣҲû˺һˡ
ΪȺħֲĵ幥ǿħַʩչЧɾȫͬˣħУҲˣʧȥ˼ս
ַħһ˶ˣҲôһ
ֲƵ̫׼ˣҲˡ
صɫҲԽڵĸоǳãΪ֪Լд鷳ˡ
ȻصԤȷģַ編һתһӳش
سŵһӳĳϮϣɢصý˫֣Ҳһ
Ȼ类飬͸Ӱ죬ҺӰ㲻
صҲǰ֣ԷħٶȺÿ죬ǿ
ַһ룬ͬʱеķϣٴεһһ糯ش
һӳֵ磬ַʩٶ̫ˣһһÿһǳǿرѹƣֻܷʧȥ˽
ʱַݺݵĵһۣһ۵ɳ׺ޱȣ·ľ׺ݵһϵĶ
ʱһ˹صͷǿƿصĶصԴϡ
ȻһĴ󲿷赲µȻطʹĲҽС
һ繥Ҳط¶˸
طҽеʱ򣬵ڶٴλصԴ
طҵʹ賤ַ˹ַˣеķϣȴϵķħƬ̺ͷڵĵڵϣѾоĺ
ƽսʿ
ȻֻɱһƽսʿַҲûʲô˵ı飬Ϊַ֪ĻƽսʿȻŻƽսʿľ磬ȴ߱ƽսʵܴƽսʿս֮㲻ø֣ɱǣַͱȻƽսʿǿ
½ĸ֣Ǹ۹ľӢǣǽõѵʹõװǲѲĸ֡
Щֱֻƽսʿʵǲֵһᡣ
ַΪ֪£Ҳûʲô˵ı顣
ȷѾַ֧ƵĶ顣
ַ߹Щ˲Ծ˺һǿַĿ⣬Ⱦηָм
Ǿηַʵָмַһ
ַ翴һˣ΢Ц˵󣬻ǵ𣿡
ǣĴ󺺣ַг֣̳һַ磬оЩ죬벻ǣʲôطַ硣ַܹг֣Ȼʶġ
ľģַ˵ǵڶǳħ̵𣿵ʱ̸ֻҵģµʱҲֻˣǵ̣Ǯҩͬ顣
ԭˡһԴַôһ˵Ȼַʶľ
ַļӥͺǣǴġ
ˡַ΢Ц
м˵ϴε飬һûллأû뵽һֱˣǷһݾ֮
ַЦ˵ЩͲˣҵǶ֮ǰĳͻЩ棬˫ôɱģ
ַ£˶ɫҲɫһ䣬ҧֻͷͬ飬ͬҲŵ˵ͷ˵


364 ɽĹ
˵˵ǻڵΪһܡ
һܣʲôܣַܣ˺档
˵Ҳ֪һȺˣҪǿץħ̹ģȻħ̺ץߣһֻҪɹһξ㹻ʵĹϺˡ
һжУ׷һֻħ̵ʱ򣬷һɽɽǸëڳģڵض﷢
˵ţӻóһơ
ưƴСķΣԵǶиƯıʯϵġ
ַ翴ģһλƽ¼дţĳĳ꣬һһʮꡣ
ڹ½ݵ֮ͨԼķĹôһƣϻߵƽ¼ΪȣܹǵԼƽ䣬֪顣
Ҳ֮ΪĽ
ܹĽĵطƱҲзĹĴڡ
λķĹӦþڸ߾ض
ַͷʵأ
˵ĽǾͲ²ɽӦͨһĹѨǾ˳ɽ˽ȥ汻ҵĹѨĹѨѾȺëռݣëֻû취˳ˡ
ҲûϾǺķĹ϶вٵƷֻҪѷĹŪ֣ܷһʴơ
ëе࣬ǱϾһħޣвٷԶԸЩëģǴӶѨʱ򣬾ȻײһˣʱҲˣҲ˶ѨܣҪ׷ɱڣǺòӵȴǱǶ
Ҫǣǿ϶·һ
һ˲Ƕ࣬ųǻƽսʿҪɱǿ˵練ƣҲǶԷèϷ̬ǲֵܹڣĻλƽսʿһ֣ˡ
ҲèϷ̬һ
˵ַ£ȤĻҿԴȥض
ڶַĸмַܸ磬Ըַȥɽ
ַҲ飬ҲȥĹأһ
Ĺһ㶼ƷԽƷҲԽҲˣԹĹز޽صĵطмĸֽпأַĹһûȥ͵ġ
´ɨսԼַ糯ɽȥ
ɽڣﲢ̫ԶλúΣڴĲݺľסˣҪ·ַԼҲ
ߵڴ˵Сһ㣬вٵĸë󣬲֪ڶûеû
İɣڻûСַ糯Ŷڿһۣһɨ֪
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˻ûԽǽʹ֨֨֨죬ڵֻССĺɫ
ַȴʲôһԺɫӣֻֻЩһףϳ糤Ļɫëֻëǳªĺɫ˫ַۣ硣
ëһȺħޣħޣϵĴë·һ㣬˻ϵĸëзҪʱ򣬻ᵯϵĸëһֻë󣬲ʲôͨ£ëȺʮֻۼһ𣬶ʱﵽֻ
ֻëĽǻƽսʿҲض˱ᡣ
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ëϵĻɫĴëһ̰ĶˣһһĿ
ַ΢΢һЦָǰĸëһ㣬һ̹⳯ŸëԴȥ̹һëҽжͱ̹š
ëһħޣϵĲҲֵǮַ翴ַۣǰһͿ˸ëʬ塣
ԽǽǰĿռͻȻտиɢһɹŹֵĳζ͸ëϵĳζһޡ
ַĬΧһϵħħɢ£ֹŹֵĳζʧ
ûַˣΪһӶϰ˸ζһζС˼ѡ
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ΧĶĺëгһ٣õս׼
Ҫ֪Ųֻĸë󣬱ôһȺˣܲ£ǲŽмˡ
ַľ֮ǰѾΧһȻҲ֪Щëڷλ
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һ̣ʮֻë˷ëĴëǵصĳ˹·¡
ë󷢳ĹȻħЩëڶ࣬ӵкǿĴ͸ѰĸףסǵĴ˺
󡣡ַԸһǰһ̧ʱһܳϣ͸ĻܣӵмǿķϮĴëȫ赲⡣
˵ףë󲻹һħޣٶ࣬ܵȼľޣǿƲ˹ܵķǹٶ࣬Ҳûá
ǹ̹ˣǹӵƲ̹˵ǣǷٶӵҲûãҪ̹˵ķҪſԡ
ëĹַĻȫ赲ʱַ編ϵʩɣַȣǰһ㣬һƬ״ʹӷϷ˳ȥ
ַѾѷֲһֲ磬ֳϰٵϸС磬Ϊַ̫࣬Ѿ׼ƣֻɷֲɹ
ǰǸëҲõ˵޹ַĵİ˳ȥ
ļĹѨ﷢ƬĲҽһħʮֻëڷֲУ
̼䣬һŨصĽζĹѨַѾʩչ˷ϵɢħŲЩζ


365 Ź־
ĹѨë٣һħ޻вַİȫַʩչֲȫɾˡ
ַľĹѨɨһ飬ȷû©֮㣬ŴĹѨ
֮ǰַ˵ĹѨֻë󣬸ëȻ󣬵ֻܹһȻĵطռҲǲСôҲ˵ֻܹëĹѨӦҲŲСǾĹҡ
ĹԽĹ˵ҲԽߣƷȻҲԽԽҲԽҵҪĺö
Ҳַ⴦ĹѨһԭ
ǺַĲһַĹңĹ̽һַȴʧķ֣ĹʵҲʮƽӡ
ֻܹ֮ëȫΪĹҵһߣëȫڴˣڳһ޴ĶѨëռ䣬ʵԼڳѨ
߰ɣǲʲôöַ˵ǰȥʵѾĹٱʲôˣΪַľ£ĹֵǮĶ̫ࡣ
ҲйʲôöȺë̫ˣʲôöҲǻٻˣʣµֻһЩûõĶ
ȴûôַ࣬˷ܵڹĹѰ
ַﲻֵǮС⣬ȴֵǮĺöѹټֵǧҡ
ַ£ЩҪôҪΪ͵ָص𣿡ҲˣƷзŵһȻַҪô
ַľͰЩƷɨһ飬ǵļֵҲǧӦûûģֻǶַ˵һѶûʲôõĶ
ַҡҡͷ˵ˣǵҲףЩɣҲҪǡ
һû뵽ַ˵
Ľ·żֵǧҵľ޶ƸǧҶİսʿ˵Ҳһʾ˵ĲƸҪǮӣҲʲƸܶģ󰵰ҧ˵ַ£ʲƱǲ£ǵЩëҲɱģЩƱӦãЯĻǿ԰˵ָص㡣
֪ôʧǧңǺͽұ˵׼Ҫַܻµ꣬ЩƱҲ͵ֵˡ
ַɨһۣ˵ЩƱĲҪҪȫ͸ˣ
ⲻͣΪǱġϿҵ˵
ַͷ˵ûȤΪ£
һ£Ƿɿ˵ʲôҪ飬Ըˡ
ǺãЩ͵ҷΪҹıˣԺǾΪ°ɡַͷ˵
˵ģ־ϲû뵽ַ²ڿЦ˵ġ
Ȼģ㿴ǿЦ𣿡ַЦЦ˵ɣȥʰһ£ȻȥʡĴسǣҵĹܼң˵ƸǣúдǵģԺ飬ٵҵķԸͺˡ
ǣַ¡ϲ˵
ַ翴˵ϵĲƱһۣЩƱȻܶ࣬ҲˣҪֿȭǴߣɲ׵顣
ַ룬󶪹ȥһöָöַָʹòؿĿռַָԴ죬˲ۡ
ǣӹָʵ
ַͷ˵ǿռ䴢ָʮף㹻װЩƱˣöָʱҲ͹ʹˡ
ллĶ͡󹧾˵
ָϡ٣۸񰺹һöͼĴָҪǷŵϣҲܸߵļǮ˵һöָļֵѾǰЩֵܼˡ
ַܹ׵ͳֵĿռ䴢ָɼַ粢ȱǮղŲڿûаЩ
öָͳҲԿַҵķ
󽫽ָϣ׵İѵµĲȫɵָ
öָСװЩ󣬽ָĴռ仹ǿտյźܴĴռ䡣
ַüͷͻȻһ£뵽һ⣬ëӦʳԵͨ׵˵ʹʲôԡ
ȻëħޣһǳʳģǱҪӪҪģֲʳÿһʱ䣬ǱҪʳġ
ôַЩɻˡ
ѨյģһʳˮԴûУôЩëôأ
ǿʲôȥ
ɲһֻֻĸë󣬶ֻĸëҪôĸë󣬿϶Ҫܶʳ
ַɻ󣬸ëЩʳǴģѵǲԶͶڶѨ棿
Ҫ˵ʳҲЩԣҪַ֪ʱ򣬿رȷڵӲݴûκ˾
û˴ﾭǶѨĸëҲûд
Ѩڣƺû
Ѩﱾûʳëûʳôôģ
ħȻǿ׳Ҫǳʱ䲻ԶҲǻᱻġ
ַоЩ֣һŸëںõĶѨ̽ȥһ֮£ַ̳һ
ǶѨԭж죬һϸ侭ҶѨ˸ֲëʳʲôԣгֲͶǡ
ַͷɻŽ⿪ԭˣЩëѨˮԴֲŴġ
ףʲôַһ㶣ľ鿴£ѾЩֲ֮ŲٸëʬǣЩʬЩʣЩѾãЩɴѾɹͷˡ
ëϡ棬Ƭֲ԰˸оˣѵëʱҲѡ񻷾ܵȻԼʬЩֲﵱϣ
ë󻹻־̫Ź˰ɣ
ַɻȻȥԼŶѨ˹ȥ
ѨʵҲ׵·ַ̣ܿ͵Ƭïֲܵ԰
Ƭֲ԰ǳïܣ泤˸ֲָַܹһһĶ鲼ֲ԰
ֲ԰ַľвɨӣǲûзʲô쳣
ԣЩЩŹְ
ھĹۿ£ַ緢ЩǴﳤ˳һ￴ȥԿеٶһ
ַĿֲ԰ȥïֲܵУһùĹŹ־ЩٶǴùŹ־ӹġ
ǾҲǳĹŹ֡
ԼʮףѾڣһЩ֦ƿڳʯȥߣȴ׳ޱȣʮ׵ĸ߶ȴӵ׿ɣ֦ϹͺͺģûһƬҶһ͸ойŹޱȡ


366 
ַüͷ۲첻ԶĹŹ־ӿùĵһַۣһĪΣվ
־˵ôģǳΣյıܸӦ
ַ羲ع۲ЩŹ⣬ƾǿʲô쳣ġ
ַ羫ŹӶȥ
쵽ϣֵ鷢ˣϷһ޷鿴ľ
ž̽飬ǿùƺǱһ㣬֦޷ԶһֹŹ˵죬ҵϵЩҲ趯
һĻַ»ȻԭһħֲͲ֪ʲôƷֵˡ
ħֲ˼壬ܹʩչħֲ
ħֲսһҲħ޵ͣرһЩǿħֲǾˣҲҪ˱ᡣ
ǰħֲﳤЩŹַ֣ǵһֲҲûϳݡ
ʱǿù˶ӣȻӵϰεضվ
ЩŹ֣һƶùӵߵ

ַĿصĿǿվĹӵģֻһ塣
Ҳħֲһ֣ħֲЩͬ˵ħֲĽӵбͨħֲǿҲ߱һƶ
ȻƶǿϾƶˣҲı־֮һ
ħֲĽΪȵȣΪĲ֮ͬҲǸвͬ
ħֲĽһֺǿ壬Ϊѣǳ١
ʵϣڹŴڣһȺֻǺһ屻𣬺ֻȻȻҲͷǳϡˡ
һ˷֣ͻ̱նɱҲ͸ԿӰˡ
Ϊĵطʵ̫Σӹһ٣ûбնɱ
Ȼһǿ壬һö˶ӵջҲǵնɱԭ
ħֲΪض꣬꣬ͳ꣬ΪĲͬԷΪ꣬꣬ٻ꣬ǿԱյģһɹգͿ
˵Ī
ַ翴ĿҲһ˿ȣϡȱĶ󣬽ʵַĺַȻλᡣ
Ȼ˵겢ǰٷְܹɹãֻҪһ˿ĳɹᣬֵһԡ
ַڿֺֻһЩɻҲͽ⿪ˡ
ÿһϰԶͬͨ˵ǻնѪ⾫Ӷġ
ӶѨڵַ²⣬Щë󣬺ֻֻܿȦĿմص֣ڶѨֳһĸֲЩֲЩë󣬶ÿҪѪʳʱ򣬾Ͱѹʳĸëץסյڵľ档
һ˵ʳĳѪʳֻ֦ͨҶȲλѪեյƤë޷գͱ˵ϡ
Ҳַῴôëʬǵԭ
͸ë󣬾ͺγһֹ״̬ΪëֲֲëΪṩѪ⾫˭ж˭ջ
ȻӸëĽǶ˵ǿ϶ԿһЩϾúúõģԽԽãëȴ֪Եͬˡ
Щɻַĵͷ
ˣھҪԽôԸֻˡ
ħֲĽһħֲҪɲôöԸӡ
ַھλЩԶֱ볬ףַħȻҲԷ䵽⣬ΪԶ½ࡣ
ˣԿ˵
ַ绹治ҺȥԣȻƶƶٶ̫ˣΣգַҲгʱܡ
ϵͻϵħͣرǻϵħǵĿǡ
ַȣһӣһŻ򻮹һߣϣȻըȵĻ
պ壬ҲأǻԶϨˡ
ֻ˵Ļ򣬻
޷ƿıƤĻҲ޷Զ˵һûС
ȻֲȷҲ»𣬵ǼӲӵмΪǿķһĻղǵġ
ַһֻעַֻ̳ķתȻ϶ַڵ˹
ĶȽϻÿһľ붼ǳ׵ľ룬ܿͻᱻ׷ϡ
ַĬĬע˫ľ룬ȻħһſųȵĻϣЩ˵һ˺ûУסĹַԽԽ
˫ľѾףʱַϯַľһֱڹעΧϮʱ򣬿ٺ˶Ĺ
ַĺѾܿˣЩٶҲһʹַˣڻһǴַǰɨַķңɨһ£ǲһ㣬Ҫˡ
ʵϣЩƶЩҲƶַڷΧʱ򣬾ͻĹ
ַһξͣϿܺͻ滤ס
ַһͣЩ׷ַ磬ַݺݵĴ
̼䣬ַʮַĻϣľУܱ渡ƣЩƱĹ
ǿĹܵķַ֪ħʿȫҲ԰Ȼ£ڶȴĲѺۣĹǿǿ
ǿ󣬶һĿ꣬̾ͻһƹĿݺݲƣ
ֻʮʲô̫ˣǧǵַϯĽַƳһƺһƣҪַɱ
ַһ˲ƶ˳
ַɿĺˣҲѣҺԼѹ׵ı˲ƶĻղһɱַ硣
Щ۵̺ǿҲŷӳʱǿĹһĴڡ
ַַϯΪƶ˫ľ뱻ԽԽԶȵַܽѨͨĹѨǿΪ̫󣬱ڶ⣬ʱҲ򲻵ַ磬ŷĿֻ꣬صԭء


367 ս
ԶݴǿðͺͺľַץץԴΪˡ
ԣƶҲͬԣǿǿҹ뻹൱Զ
ҪԸĹħʦӦûȽаա
ĻֻȡʤˣڵƾַһˣƺԸֻ
ַ粻İɱͿԻȡϵ꣬ȻĻȡİٷְٵĳɹʣǶκ˵һֻĪ
رĶַлնɱ˵͸ˡ
ҲˣǿַҪôɱأ
ַ籧ֶ￪ʼйϢ
һǿ壬Ȼ㲻٣ǿܹܺõڸ㣬иɻ
ַϢƬ̺ͷ˼⣬вУҪԹ֪
ǿĵһǿĵطڶ࣬ҹǿһӵϣַ͵סֹ
ַĵһĿն
ַĬĬʩ˸һֲѾ׼ϣַһӷȣֲַĿƣһ˹ȥ
һֱϵĹɲǼ䣬ʮϣжʮˡ
ַһеǴӵ𣬳ܷ趯
һЩַǳַķǾַҲһЩ룬Ŀǰ򲻵ַ硣
ʱǿٴδӵվַ绺ƶƶЩҲַ翿
ַȴһͻȻطϢַͣϢһж̳ٻǰһξԭͣƬ̣ûзʲô˻ȥڸղŵĵط
ȻϾû۾Ӷ٣ǿķﲻһҪǹ۲ΧӶĿ壬жϡ
ַѹϢַ֮ҲûвɢĸӦУַվĵط˿ַĴڣԾͷԭˡ
ַͷ֮һ֮㣬Ը
أַľȴЩϵַһüͷЩϵѾص£淢һɫâ̹֮£жۿɼٶȣٻָڼ̵ʱڻָ
ַҡͷָǿޱȣرЩ룬ӵгǿĻָڶķֻҪմе֣ͿԿٻָ
ͳǿĻָٶȣַļƻѾˡ
뷨ͲУҪɱǱ빥ı塣
Ӧιı壿
ĹΧԶַǿڣȻҲʩǾԶʩչħϱҪǲܵ顣
˵ַʵҪַѾħʦ磬ΧԳǧףڰȫ룬ɱ
ţַһһ
һǵɱ˿ħʱõģԣˣС
ַһӣʱһŷһӣ䵽ϣһһչһ䣬ͱһֻС㡣
ǸĽٻٻͻޣʩչʱޱȣٻĻСֻһ֮һ֮Ǿһۻһһ֮Ҫͬھ
СַĿ£ٱȥСѾ빥ΧǱȹĵطµĸ𣬳ȥܵҪȸ죬ܹʱӶ㿪Ĺ
ַһϲ˷С
ٱܣи˦󣬽أѾֻа׾롣
ʱողȹĵϣʹӵﵯһޱȣʱβץסȻսһץΪǹʧڿС
ַһ㶣ȻͷԭˣĹʵҲ㣬֮㣬֮ڲ㣬Զĸ뷶Χ󣬵ǿӦҲ졣
ַַ˼ֻ̽ȻˣЩ㶼ǰȫڰǰһΧ׷Χڣǵµĸ룬ޱȵĹ·׽ɱ
ַֻ֤Ĳ²⣬ַͷһβʹٻޣĬĬʩٻһֻɵٻޡ
ַٻһֻٻޣһֻ֩룬ϵٻޡ
ַĿ£֩볯˹ȥ
ٻȻٻ޿Աģ֩ǰ;ĸ˦ҲԽԽףףһףãһ׷Χˡ
֩һ׷Χܹĵط̵룬Щٶȱ֮ǰĸɾͿٶˣǺ֩һȣԲһЩʹ򲻵֩ϡ
˽ˣ֩ڿ壬֩ȻһԾϣǶԷǰ˸⣬һݺһǶԴŵǰݺݵĴϣϴһʮ˺ۡ
Ȼ֩ҲûƷ˺
ʱ֩ƶͣ¹֩ŲסȻȻһɱ
֩ʵҲֻӵзһֵܹЩ˺ûᣬιġ
ò˵ֻĺ࣬˵൱ϡ٣൱򵥣ļ̫ǿ򵥵ļӵп񱩵Ĺټ򵥵ļܣҲһֲֿ
ַͷȴû̫ʧǼĵ˼ƽķ
Ŀǰ˵Ҫɱֻٻ֣һܲķΪٻ޵ĹǳԶ뿪˵ĿƷΧٻҲᰴ˵һִ񣬷
ʹٻޣĹ⣬
ַĬĬ˼Ƭ̺⡣
ַ粻ٽǷ뿪˶ѨȻߵѨڴڷŷصĹ
˹Ĺַ罫ĹһЩëʬȫʰ봢ռ䣬ַóʯʼĬĬϣ״̬ŷųһս磬սܡ
СʱַսʵСʱսȴǧСʱַսǧСʱȻ޵ٻط
Ȼͻһֻɸ»湹ɵϻ
ַȴûϢһ죬ڶóʯȻſս磬սܡ
һֵַ糹׾ͨͻٻطҸħص㣬ٻĸ죬Կٻͻ


368 
ַߵڵĶѨһӣһŻŷ䵽ϣǻһһչһֻͻ
ͻַĿ£ȥֻͻȻ̬ܶٶȣһҲͻɶĽɱ˳Ŀ
ͻ̷һԾΪһ泯ȥͻľһһ֮ͻʧǼͻȫһޱȣһ죬ϣǾ޴ĻζеĵطǽһƬ滹̣ơ
һ֮Щ׷ûˣͻѾʹѾԶʧЩǿѾû֮ء
ַͷٻͻһֻһֻͻȥȻ󷢳һ
һ֮ޱȣܹϴѺۡ
ƵƵ̷ַѾϢͣ͸оĴڣַˣ԰ȫʩ
һֻһֻͻȥĻΪײϣϴ߰˺ۡ
һ趯ڶѨ裬ɱΧڵһ塣
ַ粻Χڣƾη񹥻Ҳ˲ַֺ
趯ͻǰ˺ܴ鷳ҺЩǺĿĵ裬ַҵ϶壬ʮοԳɹΣãͻպñ趯У򱬡
ǿ󣬿Ҳȱǿޱȣƶٶƫͣ϶ж͸ַܴĻᡣ
սһֻֻͻƹķϣأַյ趯ĹɣԿͻٷ֮ٻ壬ˣķ趯ͻҲɲӰ졣
ַ΢΢һЦһϲֻѾȫ޷ɱֻʱ⡣
ʱеʼ£Χ£һֻͻϣʮ̱ըϣȴ£ˡ
ַֻֽͻֻֽܻµأȴ˿
ַ绹û뵽ȻһУһȻһ㣬ȴڹһ㣬һʹ򲻵ˣǱһ㣬ȴǳʵá
ȫķΨһƽⷽǿóǿƶԷķ
ַͣ¹ȴԼСʱûŽԼϵָԭ״ʱٿϵƣҲѾȫָ
ָǿѾƵͬʱܵ˺ָ糣
ǿ󣬷ΧԶԴָֻǿ󣬻治һܹԸġ
ַüͷֻ治öԸҪΪ꣬ͷˡ
ҲûϵΪûɽˮĵزַ绹лɱҪʱ׼
һ졣
죬ַеʯַȫϣַĿǰΪѾӽħʿԲ״̬ٹһʱ䣬ӦþͿԳħʦ硣
ʯϣַֽħһ飬Ľڤ롣
⼸ʯȫַʵҲһأַһֱϰϵħħʿϵħյĲˡ
ãһ׼㣬һҪնɱ
ַٴǰڶѨϴεķٻͻַֹᳵ·ĺ޷֮趯ȴֻܱϱͻ˺ۡ
Ŵţˣֹʼʩ£ԼΧס
ַȵľһ̣һ˲ƶ״Ȼַ߾ٷȣ
ħʿħǿ󣬵ҲգַȻѾգҲҪ︨ʩչħ
ħ˳ͷš
ַȵĶ˿ʼһȦ⻷ܵĻԪؿʼۼҲʼóŤ
Ƽ
ַһӷȣϵĻ⻷ɵڵصϿգˣЩϡ
⻷ȻγɵǣƯ档
ƼͬһַǽͶԷԷֻǽͶԷԷƼȴǽͶԷֵ
ַһִһһǿĹħ䡣
ַɿȶ˾ۼһĻŻԽԽƬֱ̼ͳһףγһžͻ
ŻһĻȫһ˸Ӿ޴⣬ڲȻʵĵģ·𱻹עٺҽܹҽڷڡ
׻䡣
ַһȶ˵Ļ˹ȥ
׻ħʿħУǿĵ幥ħڱըͬʱᱬ»棬ܹںһС
е£ϣʹó׻䣬պʵʱ
ž޴ĻڿлһɫĻ䵽ľۼء
䣡
Ȼըըĺͺɨĳַ۾
ַ۾ȥѾǧǵڻıըУ÷飬ЩѵʱҲһɻɻӵг¶ȣܹ˺
ٿı壬Ĳֱ˿ֲѺۣһŻ滹ϣȼա
⻹赲ĽĻ׻ɵƻ
˺̶ȣҲԿ׻䱻Ϊħʿǿħûеġ
ʩչ׻ʱЩ£ûʱʩչҲʱ䣬ʩչָ߼ħ䡣
ֻĿǰ£ҪͲҹҲ͸ַ繥Ļᡣ
һ֮һûˣұҲСĴˣܵľ͸оãҲٷˣеĳȥ
ַٴһ˲䣬˲صԭλãĹΧ
Ȼַٻͻͻ塣
ͻһˣܵ뽫ԼǸղһǰˣܵĲη壬ȻԥŲջ
ԥַɾûԥˣϵٻͻ
ȻǿҲסͻϵľһֹܲе˻ԼŰס
һʱ䣬ָֻһЩǸղһٵ̫ˣҲָֻܻеһС֣󲿷ֵڶʱڣָ糣
Ҫ֮ǰ֮һСɽԵСһȦ
ַһ˲ƽ״һƼĻֿһų׻䳯˹ȥ


369 ￵
һը죬ĸڱըбը÷飬ȵĻϯȼ
Ϊ֮ǰ٣һЧҲ֮ǰãɱټһȱڣȵĻȼ
յϷ֨֨֨죬·ĲҽС
ҪϵĴ𣬵ǻ¶ȼߣôģֻеȵվŻϨ
ƴ˦棬֮ɻΪľϨ
ȼյʱ䣬ַ̽ڤ״̬ħĻָ
ȵһϨַٻͻ
˷ĲϹַħԽԽ٣ҲԽԽҡ
ʱַħľˣȴû
ַ̽ڤ״̬ٵĻָħʱϣҲ̹⣬ϵƣڿٻָ
ַ翴һۣĵĻָħ
ַװϵĻħЧʱֵּСʱʱ䣬ַħָԼս
ַӵһԾٻͻ
ʱеȫ£ЩӴ֮͵ϣܹٵĻָơ
ͻ嵽ߣ˿ھһһ죬״̬ѹ
˫սһսرսַ粻ϹȵħľͻָħȻսʤƽѾַбָֻ˺ٶûַָħٶȿ죬ַռϷ硣
һַ֮һų׻£޴ϣĵ
ַ΢΢һЦ¶һ˿ϲ࣬ǰһˡ
úúãҿջΡ
ַǰ߽
ɴأһصڵϣһԭء
һɫĻ棬ǽ
ɫĻȭͷСĻ棬ȴһСС
꣬Ҳ֮Ϊ֮ꡣ
ͻԶƮݳһڼ̵ʱڣɢȻУ޷ڶʱ꣬ͻԶʧ
գɲ׵飬Ϊ껹߱һıܣʱ򣬻ķԳɹ
Խǿ꣬յѶҲԽãɱҲղꡣ
ַҲ֪ʱȣֳһץʣһץץ˿գַԴ˲⣬ʱ򣬾֮˳ֱۣӵϣҽ
ַľ·һŴסʼ꣬Ҫַڡ
꿪ʼɫĻ۵Ĺâ
ַľһɿҺַ羫ǿ󣬲ܼץסꡣ
ַҲǷ˺ݣȻһȻһɾӿ̽ڡ
ǿ걻һַ̱磬ڴڣ֮꣬ʼûɱַչս
ֻҪַ罫ܣͿ꣬Ҫַ类ܣôͻԶɢ
˫չսַûһòǵضַ緢
ַȴһҡͷǰһץץһѽɫǳǰһӣһɫĽɨ޴һ롣
ԭַսټַʥħĲл꣬Ϣħһطǿޱȣµľսˣ磬޵С
֮걻һնɱǿž޴Ĺ̷ֱ±һɫĻ棬ַգеǿССȴתַǺ֮УǺڣ
ԭֻħǺ֮ڣ̶һСС硣
ַһգ˳ɡ
ַ翪ʼڵ꣬Ƭַ̺ͷʹط
ռ䱻֮һѾַգΪַַһ֣ʹַܹµǺ֮УǺڵħάִڡ
겢ƾմڵģҪ֧֣֧֣ͿԼڣҷܡ
ܵӰ죬һ걾ʣڶԽǿܷӵȻҲԽǿ
ַѾطǺħһǺڵССħһֱ³
ַ˫Žأʹ̲صںϣתΪһ˳
Ϣ䣬ַΧϣʮ׳ĸ롣
ַͷ̼ӴħΧʼӣһֱӵʮֹͣ
ʮ룬ַܷļ֡
ַϾܷٵѾǳ
һԵһǷɱ֣ȻһǿַԴˣȴ൱ġ
ַڵҲЩж󣬲ûĿ꣬ҲóԸ
ڶѨͣ죬ʹ÷ַ뿪ѨѨʯַſ³۹ȥ
Ȼôһ󣬾ҲûмˣַԴˣȴҲ̫żƵĳſǶȥ
һ·һ·ַŵ˿ǣǲǰ·ʡĵһǣʡĴسǣɾʹˣҲٶˡ
ַڳſԶ˳ë֩룬Ϣִͣͨðߵ·Ⱥ۵Ľ˿ǡ
ǿɲǴسСطڶ࣬˵ħʦУַħʿʵֵطûǵ͵һ㣬ܸõıԼ
οַ˵صĿģ͵ƽߣַ档
һ߽ǣȿľһŵĽЩƳ⳵ĴڣʱĿԿҲ뿪
ڴسҲУǴسǵûпǵֹģ
ַ糯ųɨһۣһòʵ공ȥ
ַ߽공кַ磬˵Ҫ𣿡
šַ絭ͷԹԵĴ򿪳ţϡ
공һϲæʵҪȥģ
ַ룬˵ǵһǣڳﵽתתϤһ»ʹڳֵĵطתתɡ
û⣬Ҫ˵ǿֵĵطǾҪ𱴴ˣǿǳųɵĴ̻ᶼڽ𱴴зֲħʦЭᣬӶЭᣬսʿЭᣬЭҲȫڽ𱴴
Ҫȥֵĵطȥ𱴴תת׼û
ַͷʵ˵ҪһδᣬĵصҲڽ𱴴𣿡
Ц˵Ŷ˵ߴ̻Ͼٰ＾ɣԣؾڽ𱴴УⳡѵõʢᣬҲҪȥμӰɣ
ңҵȥƱ̫ˡַЦҡҡͷ
ⳡᣬ볡Ʊ͸ߴʮöңʮö㹻ͨ˼ҳԺȺüˣ볡Ʊ
ʮöֻǻ볡ʸҪʸ񣬻Ҫǰ췽һǧҵı֤ʸҲǱ޹˵ȣҽмۡ


370 ⷿ
공λͨԿǵָƣ˵Уַ공֪˲ٿǵ
ڳҪĽֵתһȦַһȦתȥ˴ʱ䣬ȴ󣬲öҾ㹻ˡ
½ͨƷۣʵǲߵġ
ַƵΧתһǰš
ſһ죬һϳȸߵŮ͸ŷ쾯ʵ˭
ַһ£ֵʵǲҪⷿӣ
ųⷿݵĸʾַõš
ʵϣֱַһӣǺܲңڸղź공Ľ̸Уַ֪ڿݣҪʾ֤ݣֻп³۹ıˣʸݡ
ַĹȴûʸݵġ
공޵˵԰æݣֻûӴҲַԴ˾͸Ӳˣ˷ӣֻⷿӡ
ַעһΪԼŵ㣬򲻵Ҳԡ
ַʣŮеľСһ֣ϸ˿ַ磬룬ŷſţֳַһۣ˵ǵģⷿݣɡ
һַ뷿䣬ܼªֻм򵥵ļҾߣʰĺܸɾ
ַ翴һӣʵһ¥𣿡
Ůҡҡͷ˵Ȼǣ¥Լסģ¥ϵķ㣬ǼҪ⼸䣿
ԼҲסַüͷͱסһܹЩ鷳ġ
Ů˵ǰס¥£¥ϵķųģ¥䣬Ǽˣ
ַ룬˵¥ȥɡ
ԡŮӦһַ¥ȥˡ
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¥䣬䶼󣬶ҲûװޣҲɨĺܸɾ
ַԷĻû̫ҪҪҪҪã˶¥䣬¥ϻһεĸ¥ַ練¥ǳ⡣
ط󣬵ǻ㲻ַ簵ͷڷһɨ¥û⣬һ¥Ҳ䣬һסһŮˣ׼ȷ˵ڴһŮˣŮ˴Ŷʮ꣬ȴɫİߵ㣬ԵüΪª
ַľŮ˵ɨʱŮĳŶ¥һַۣȴҲϸоһ˿ΪϡħȻŮ˿ɲͨ˰
Ůˣһǳˣ˵ѹԴ
϶ǸйµŮˣַ޹أֻҪַ鷳Ϳˡ
û⣬ҪҪסһַЩǡ
ַʵǻʲôˣ
ŮҲû룬˵ǾˣңҸ磬ǰ̡
¥µŮˣԭŮİ̡
˵Ҳǲ࣬ҹϵܼ򵥣ַԴ˵Ǻ⡣
ȻַԺһסЩǣתһ룬סγǶԼһڻ
ַⷿӵĿģҪڷﲼһռ꣬Ӷ´δ͵ǣҲˣûסڷӰ쵽ַ磬ֻҪķͿˡ
ַ˵Ժ¥ǾͲˣһ㣬ûɣ
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ַһͷ˵ôʲôҪĻҲ˵ġ
Ůһ˿Σε˵ţûҪ󣬾𡭡ܲһԸ𣿡
һԸסֲ棬һԸĵ
ַ죬ȴɫʵ֪ԭ򡣡
һǮַ绹ںַںԼǲƭˣһ𣬶ԷȴķǮܵˣַʧ˭ȥ
ҡںȱǮţȵȡŮ˵ŷɿܵ¥£ȻַɿĽһ֤ŵַǰ˵ԿҵķԼ֤䷿ӵеġ
Ů֮ǰѾⷿߣӦñⷿʹ⣬ԵַʵµʱŻַӦ̰ѷԼ֤Լݡ
ַҲ飬ùԼԵĿһۣ͵ַû⣬Ƿ˵ǽа̼ѡ
а̼ѣ
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ַʣŮϽ˵ģǲյģⰴгۼ㣬¥ȫöңһ𸶣öҡ
˶٣ƺַģŮ˵ԲǸպҪǮҪöңĻҲҪ󡣡
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ַóöңŮС
Ůһû뵽ַ縶Ǯʱ򣬾Ȼˬ졣
ȵȣŮ֣صĽץģַ¥ȥ
Ƭ̺ŮԼһŷԼдַ¶¥䷿䣬Ϊ꣬öңѾȫ塣
ŮȻģȴҲַЩĿ࿴ĸоˡ
ԼѾ˰̼ѵױǩַԼϷֱдԼ֣һʽݣԼˡ
ⷿԼǸƾ֤ԭͲ̫ҪĶҲûбҪ̫档
˳ȥյŮԵúܸˣϿĵЦ
ˣ֪ôƺַʵϾԺ󻹻棬ܲҲ֪ġ
ҽǽнɭŮַдԼϵֽ֣нɭ
ǵģҽнɭַ˵ͷ
ַ粻ԸԾȡ˽ɭ
ַŮ˵ҪȥһˣܸܲһѴŵԿס
ȻԣԵȣȥԿסŮַܵˣȻܹݸַһԿס
ǴŵԿף¥ϵ䷿Կס
ַ罫Կպã˵лл
ˣʲôʱַ߳ŵʱŮ̲סʵ
һҲܾͲˣǵǵԼҪ¥ҲҲڡַҲͷ˵仰Ƶˡ
һˡŮַıӰĵͷ
ܹô⵽ӣַȻҲǲ·ʱ򣬽Ų
˵ʵڻַⶰӣλò٣˵ѾҵƶˣַԴ˲⣬ͨͨע⣬˵õѡ
Ŀʼʱ䣬ַ绹ڿǣúõĹһ䡣


371 Ὺʼ
ǰԶַߵһΪӰ֮ҵ̵ſڣ̵רų۸ֶ磬ַһ˽ȥ
ӭ٣ʲôҪ𣿡ַһž΢ЦŽӴ˹
ַ糯ŵɨһۣ˵Ҫһ񣬺һߡ
û⡣ţ߷ǳˣæַȥ
ôۺë֯ɣиӶϣҾʦӳ֣Եĺö԰ٷְ赲Ŀӡ߽һɫĶõַǰ
ַ羫һڶɨһȦȻ޷
ʵֶһַǳװû˵ôĺöҲ·߳۵ġ
ַ绨ʮңڵһڶһߣö񣬴ߣŴ̵뿪
߲ȫ赲˾飬ǿ޵ڸΣټַ羫ĸҲͿַʵˡ
ַǰ;̵꣬Ҳ˹䣬п˲ٱĵط򲻵ĶַҲ
ţߵֵĽ𱴴
𱴴ǿٵĵضΣеĴ̻ᶼۼ
ַڽ𱴴̻ᣬԼеĸӦˮ˳ȥͬʱչԼҪĸֲϺͳƷرǶѪַչʮöѪ
оˮڵˣڹ½ȴֵǮĶַڵʱѾչ˲ٵĸӦˮЩˮڱ˳ȥȥַ繺ϵĻѣһӦˮַĿڴﻹʮĽ
ʮĽַĵԼҪƷˡ
ַҲԤԼ۵ĸӦˮԻӦˮ۸ϵľҲ˼죬Ӧˮļ۸񣬿¾ҪµһˣЩ˸Ӧˮ̼ңûж׬ͷˡ
ַûϵˣַֻԼ׬Ǯ˵飬ɹܲˡ
ַһУȥֳһǧҵı֤֮󣬻ʸ
ַڽ𱴴һõﶩ÷䣬뷿󣬾Ҳûгˡ
еĳԺȣõȻڷ
һ죬˵죬Ὺʼˡ
ַѾ׼߳õ꣬ǰֳ
ⳡ＾ȻģַʱѾɽ˺д󲿷˶ֻմֳ֣ܹˣȴʮ֮һ
ַˣڴв˱ַȵַҪȴƬ̣볡
ҲûַõȣǼӵʱ䣬ֵַ볡ˣַĴ磬ĮĿַ磬ַݵװû̫ľ棬Ȼֲַμˣöˡ
ͨļַ֮پһͨͽ뵽ֳ
ľٰǳǧһⶼûС
ַ簴Լĺƣҵλá
ַλжΣһ㣬һŶɳ㹻ɳɳǰһСַ²ãŮΪַϲˮ͸㣬ַ绹ҪʲôʳŮΪַṩ
Ȼ볡ʮöңҲǰ׻ġ
ĿʼаСʱַҲżһƷ㣬һ߾ȴ
ʱһһĹȥ࣬᳡ҲԽ
Сʱ󣬻˶Ѿˣ᳡ĳҲ¹رһرգٵļһｫ޷μ֮ǰμˣҲǰ뿪
Ա֤򣬲ΪĴš
ȻҲİʩ֮һôһᣬе漰ʽԾ򣬾ԲʧİȫҲԵΪҪ
ַľɨһȦټ֮λãѾˣ»вλÿ˳
ҲǳϾᣬֲᣬһûʸμᣬܹˣҲ̫࣬ҪⳡΪҪ»ôˡ
˵һ죬ʽˡ
ǰĿ̨ϣ̨ħƣ̨ӳյĵƻͨ
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ǵȻһεģ󣬿˵ǽеʢᣬܹǴʦҲ
ǡ˹УźϤ
ȻϤˣǡ˹пǿǿʿ֮һǿħװǡ˹дʦƶɡ
ԭǡ˹дʦѹϤ
ַڿ̨ϵϷʦҲǲʶͬΧ˵ҲʶλϷʦˡ
ǡ˹һλħʿĵطΪΪΪˮƽһʦܹƸ߼ħװ
ʦ۵𾴣رǶЩǿ߶ԣǻƴİͽ
ҪܹĴʦΪԼһħװԼʵôȵʦҲֵǰͽġ
췽Ҳʵǿǡ˹ʦҲԱᡣ
΢΢ͣһ£ż˵˶֪˲˵ϻҲʺ϶ʱҾл˵ˣ＾ʽʼ
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ϺȻһöĴָɫħˡ
ͬʱο˵һƷһϵƷʵ׷ħˣħ˵ԭˣһֻ׵˫ͷħޡħȻǴľһ壬ѪҲǳǿħˣҲ˶̺һ˿һַǳѵõ
˫ͷħ˷ǳѵãļһǧҡ
һǧһٽҡλ£˿ʼۡ
һǧٽҡ
һǧٽҡ
һǧ˰ǧҡ
ħ˵ļ۸ʼѸܿͻǧҵĴأһڼǧңǧңٶȲ
ħ˵гҲǶǧ֮䣬ǧңѾг۸߶ˣȻħˣҲܸ̫ģԵǧ֮󣬼۸
˫ͷħˣǧһöҵļ۸񣬱
˫ͷħˣǵθˣθ˾ĳǧöҵĸ߼ۣöĻ췽Цĺϲ£졣
ħ˱Ụ̊˵ߣ˽֮ħ˾ͱС
һŮһֻϿ̨ǵڶƷ


372 ᣨһ
ڶƷһƿɫҩˮ
θ˵ڶƷʮ˵һ䣬ƿܼģ׼ǧҡ
һĸߴȡһϣУǿƷ
ȡѶȷǳϸ򲻵ֶҲǳܵ˵Ļӭ
ļ۸һ·һǧҵļ۸ɽЦȻ۸ҲǷǳ⡣
ܹ򵽺öҲܹߵļ۸Ҳ˵ڡ
ƷһѴħʦʹõľƷħȣ൱ͼǧң԰ǧұߡ
УһƷŮǫ̃ϣЩƷ̫أֻ̧̨ϡ
һ飬̧̨ϵġ
ҪһɵĺǧŰپʮŽʮλħʦʱɣԴӦҲ֪ɺƳɵսʿ
ĵ׼ǧҡ
ǧһٽҡ
ǧٽҡ
ǧҡ
ǧٽҡ
ǧ߰ٽҡ
һֺöܶȴ󣬿ħԸߣҼȼ̣һСӵо˵
ǺѶȴһʮλħʦʱɣɴ˿֪ѵó̶ȡ
ңӦû⡣
ַԭڿϷģͻȻһֽܶȷǳһСͷǳأһشǧĺʵϺһٽصĸһģֻȴʮ
ƳɵãˣսʿսʿֻʹܹʹսʿȽ٣Ͱ壬ܻӭġ
һһ˵߰壬ܸߵļ۸Բٴ̻ᶼȤ˾ĵС
ں̵ܶʱڣļ۸ͱĵǧңʱĵˣˣڲϾġ
ǧˣ˳ߵļ۸𣿡
ǧҵһΣǧҵڶΡ
ǧҵļ۸ѾܸˣΪˣ׼䴸
ʱһȻ
ǧңһǧҡ
һ˭
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ôֱʣȻǧˡ
۸һ˵ע⣬Ҷ۵ˣ۵ļһŶҲòϲ˭
ǧˣ˳ߵļ۸𣿡ҲǾĿ˶һۣܹ۸ģɶǼ򵥵ļһﰡ
ԭȽм۵ģһӣһ̻Ļ᳤º˵ȥһʣû뵽·УȴɱҧĿ˶һʵĽеǧҡ
򣡡ӣոձۣ˵Ҳͬʱ
ˣ˳ߵļ۸𣿡
ҵһΡ
ҵڶΡ
Ѿľ鳣߸ߵľ
ӣʵĿ˺һۣ̾һֻ±۵ĳ嶯
Ҫ֪Щֻǿθ˶ѣĺöûóģʱ̫ʽͶȥ֮󿴼ĺö¾ûǮȥˡ
ʽĹǣֻܲټۡ
Σɽ
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ԵȡŮ΢΢һ󹧾Ľӹſ̨ȥûڶ񣬾ַˡ
ŮŽ˿̨ר˽мȷαȻ˵ַǰ
һ󣬲ҲԴôһĽ飬ȴǳˣشǧŰپʮŽһǧ
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ܾǧսʿڹ½ϡ棬ڲ£شǧĺսʿ˸оˡ
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µܹħ֮࣬Ҳַڵľˡ
ַһĺʧ뵽˴ָ
һĻˣҲ΢΢һȻóַʹ˴װ
Уٺöڳ֣ҲϣҲгƷַ翴еĶ̫࣬ҲǺٳ֡
еĺ˳̶ʱڣѾһټƷ
ʱͻȻһԱߵСӣһ𣬶ʱĿ⼯еεϡ
΢΢һЦ˵λѾ˳һټƷһ׶εĿθˣƷǱѹƷ֮һƷԻôġ
һεᣬһټƷصѹƷټƷĿ¼ʼ֮ǰѾ֮ڣҽ˴ѹƷȴһֱڱ״̬Ϊ֪
ԭ˻ΪѹƷǻȵģû뵽ȴ;ѹƷǻÿһټƷͽһѹƷ
Щļһһת֪췽ĸ֮ˣΪѹƷҪǷŽôɾͻ½ңרŵһѹƷȻ߼ۣͨʧȥ߼۵Ļᣬ췽˵飬˵ɲʲô顣
ǽѹƷǰһȿԵ˵ĻԣֿԽƷüǮ
Ǻư
һѹƷһֻľУľд򿪣һɫ˫ִ󽣡
ָŴ󽣽ܵǱĵһѹƷף֮˹˹֮гһп磬ͨɿްɣ߱ףЧٷ֮ʮĶ
λӦҲˣǵĵһѹƷһαʥ
ʥָǴӹŴһǿħװ
ʥǿϡ٣ȻʥַǳǼʥˣȴǳ١
ʥ˷ǳǿ֮⣬ͨװȣʥһǳĲͬʥӵ飬ʥһӵŵ
αʥִ˶ʥһַƷαʥȻûʥôǿ󣬵޽ӽʥִܹǿħװ
ȻʥܹϼαʥҲһǳ˿ĵ顣


373 ᣨ
αʥʥĲͬǵȱһҪĶ顣
ʥ֮Ա֮ΪʥΪ溬飬һѻŵģ
αʥǿ󣬵Ϊȱ飬ҲʥĶ֡
ͬʵˣһʹʥһʹαʥʹǰʥʥǰαʥαʥսĽͨӵʥǸˣյʤ
еİأȴֻӵʥˣ֪ˡ
αʥȲʥļֵȻ޴ޱȣ˴ѡ
αʥ˹֮ĳ֣ȫֳ˺䶯
ȻαʥǺǣһεᣬǲˡ
αʥǴ۽ˡ
ϧǴ󽣰ҪǷȸöడ
αʥף̫֮ǿˣ۶ǮһҪ
ĦȭƣѾ׼αʥ
οĲˣ˵ף֮˹ڿʼ׼ʮҡ
αʥļ۾ʮҡ
ֻʮֻһ𲽣λ£ף֮˹ļ۸̾ͱ̧
Ƭʱ䣬ף֮˹ļ۸񣬾ͱеʮҡ
ʮҡ
ʮǧҡ
ʮҡ
ʮҡ
ʮҡ
۸һ·ܿ͵ʮңʮҺ󣬴󲿷˶Ѿ˾ģֻˣڲϼӼۣӼ۵ķȣҲŽ
Ȼʮҵĸ߼ۣҲܳܵļ۸ˡ
ַαʥҲͦȤģαʥ۸̫ˣʮôһѴ󽣣ͲֵˣԼʹõαʥħȣַῼһ¡
αʥף֮˹ձһ壬԰ʮҵĸ߼ۣ
ʵϣαʥȻȴֲʹãָ߼Ǵ֯УǿսʿʹãģɲǸܹװ
ʥҲź֣֮֮ܶף֮֮ڹУף֮ʹýߣܵף
֮˵ף֮Լ
αʥ˹󽣾һף֮Ҳ֮Ϊף֮˹
ף֮ɹһǽʱϢһӣһӺٴοʼڶֵ
һӵʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥڶʼˡ
һŮŵڶĵһƷϿ̨
Ʒڣɺ첼ţ⿪첼һɫʯͷ
ɤӣ˵ڶ֣һƷѾˣһƷһԨʯ
Ԩʯ֮ڣֻдп۳ԨʯԨʯļֵҲǿ֪ġ
Ԩʯãܹˮϵ޵ʵһĻᣬʹֻˮϵޣµһַǳıʯ
Ԩʯĵ׼һҡ
ַ羫һ𣬻û뵽Ŀ꣬ԨʯڵڶֵĵһУȻͳˡ
ãȰԨʯ֮ҲԷһЩ
ʮңַ絭Ŀ˵һڱصõĸо
Ԩʯļ۸ֱӴһ׼ʮңһӾ˲ˡ
ʮһҡ
ʮһǧҡ
ʮҡ
ʮҡַٴγֱۣͬʮĸ߼ۣӼ۵ķȣ൱ˡ
һɲһϣ㲻̣һһļӣֻѼǮȥõǱֳԼĲƴ֣ͶƷڱصãӶö֣ҼӼۡ
Ȼʲô鶼пܷҪϸƴ׵ļһǾû취ˣֻܿ˭ļǮߣ˭ȡʤ
ʮҡ
ַʮļ۸ո˵ֱ̧ۣӽ۸̧ʮңַһ֪ãǳ־֣Ҳ˿Ԩʯˡ
ַ΢΢һŶԷһۣû뵽ȴһ˽еļַۣȻȣȴŲæĿ˵ʮҡ
ʮˣԨʯеʮˡ
ǲ˼飬ȻΪԨʯʮңʮʲôаȻ
һöǮȻʮԨʯ
ڻ˵ɻûͷ˭֪Ԩʯʲô۸񡣡
ЩһǮ֪Ǵһ塣
ַıۣΧ˶
Ԩʯֻˮϵ޵ʵ޶ħʦ˵ֻһָսֶΣӻ޵ʵȻҲ͵ӱ˵ʵΪһԨʯʮңǾֵ̫ˡ
ʲôĻޣҲֵã
ղŽм۵ˣַֽмʮңԭƵɫҲűˣݺݵĵַһۣƺ޲ðַһڳԵ
Ҫ֪μһĿģҲǺַһΪԨʯ
ΪԨʯʮҹûǿ£һԨʯļ۸ӦòᳬʮңĿ꣬ʮڣԨʯû뵽ȴɱַĴĻᣬԨʯļ۸ѾԤˡ
Ԩʯ̫ѵˣҪǴһεĻᣬ֪һΣʲôʱԨʯ
˰ҧͻȻеʮһңԨʯǿ³Ҫˡ
ͻȻԼ֣ҪԷʩѹöԷ֪ѶˣһֺЧʩѹֶΣԷ߾ڿ³壬ô϶ͲټӼˡ
ΪȴҲ췽ΪǻӰļ۸
˶ԴȴҲû̫⣬ǿ³ݡλʵȴҲþ»ˡ
Ȼ˵Ϊֻ˶ԷĲãȴҲû˶˵ʲô˵ˣҲɵû˵ʲôвֻۣǱԼҵļţ췽ﲻȴҲûɣ˵ʲô
³ַһ³塣
³ǿ³۹ħңﲻֹ֪ħʦֹλħʦħʿȻ³Ѿʮ꣬ûгֹħʦǼʵǿȴҲһǡ
ļ壬ѹˣ˵ˡ
ַֻȴûӣ̿˵ʮһһǧҡ
ַһأӵĲֻ࣬Ǽһǧңһǧҵӣַ־ڱصõ⡣
úúãݡݵĿַһַۣӼֻ֮ܲʵķ˾
ʮһĽңѾ۵ļޣٸߣûǮˡ
ʮһһǧң˳ߵļǮ𣿡
ǼΪѵõԨʯܹˮϵ޵ʵһĻʹˮϵµֻڼΣյĴΪѵãһΣһΣɾͲ֪ܹˣٲۣɱڰ
³˵ζˣԽߺ޵Ŀַ磬ȴֻܲʵı͡
ԨʯʮһһǧңһΡ
ʮһһǧңڶΡ
ʮһһǧңΣɽ
Ԩʯַʮһһǧҵĸ߼ۣ


374 ᣨ
ʮһһǧ֮Ԩʯ͹ַܡ
Уַγ֣ǴֱʣѾ˲˵ע⣬˿ַĿ⣬һ˿̰Ĺ졣
ַԴȴǺ⣬ȫ׼±˵
֮Уַöһһ˫ƤƤѥһһƿҩˮ
˫ƤƤѥļһ鸹ƤƳɣӵǿķԶ߱ħ˫ƤƤѥӵмߵ
ƤֵǣǲÿһƤƤ˫ƤЬƤеı߽ƳɣΪƤ̫СģֻƤѥ׼һңַð
ҩˮҲǾԵĺöҩˮϳ㣬һʿҲˣֻйϵʿҩˮҩˮֻи߽׼˾
ҩˮӵгǿ˾Ȳʬ֮⣬ֻҪһ˶صˣԵסһ˱סӵдҩˮ͵ڶһˡ
ƿҩˮַ绨ʮң
Ȼƿҩˮˣ˭ҲԼ̫ΪһرϣǮֵ̫ˡ
ַֿһöˣһС
ǺöʱһСܹļӲȺħԣ߱ǿ
һַ绨
ڶܿͽˣϢһӺ󣬿ʼڵһʼһѹƷˡ
ѹƷǳ֣һħ飬ֵĵطڣһʯͷ̶ɵħ飬ħ棬âǵı־
λΧһȦеħľܵڶѹƷһߵħ֮顣
Ȼħ֮飿
ôܻħ֮飿
νħ֮飬ָһּ¼ħ鼮ħʦۿ鼮кܴĿԣеħܡ
ħ֮ܣǵִȴѾûܹħ֮顣
ǲϵȱʧڶû˴ﵽħ֮ҪΪҪһħ֮飬ҲҪʥħʵ
ڵħ֮飬ǹŴģħ֮ıģѾԽԽ١
ͨᱻ洢ħ֮еļܣǿĸ߽׼ܣħѰħʦգͨħ֮飬ȴܹ˲ѧᣬҲħ֮ǿ֮
εħ֮ʱҲһ֪ħ֮УյħҲͶⱾħ֮ʧȥȤΪħѾա
μ˵Ȿħ֮飬һ֧ðСɳĮзֵģмһԪħʹⱾħ֮ѧصħ
ħ̬ħ֮һǿޱȣֻħʿϵħʦؼθպþѾ˴ħⱾħ֮飬̫⡣
β⣬Ҳ⣬ħ̬ħǿޱȣҪ򣬲մħħʿУմħģҲ̫ࡣ
Ȿ̲ħصħ֮飬ڹûմطħʿ˵ϵر
ַһ˵ħҲΪ֮Ķˡ
ħպþַ绹ûյħ֮һ
̬ħħȫһħѧϰԼħ̬ħȴԼԪذ򣬸ıħĴ̬Ӷħ
ȫͬʩ̡
ַӴħʱ̫̫̣ħİ壬̸ʲôգҪԼ̬ħ̫ѣڶʱڣɣⱾħ֮ȫͬˣħ֮ѧϰħմħİ塣
ʵϣַļУҲй̬ħɢƬǹ̬ħļ䣬̫飬ֻΪַṩ޵֪ʶȴ̬ħ
Ҳû취飬ϾַֻǻƬֻȡдļ䣬ļ䡣
Ȿħ֮飬׼Ƕʮҡ
һңֱַӿۣҲǾĳЩ˽ҵ
ַ۸һ᳡̶
˵ħ֮鲻ֵ۸񣬶ַȻѼ۸̧һңʵ̫һЩ
һһҡ
ַȻ̧ۣ˲ˣвٲƴֵļһȴûбߣλ³̺꣬һһҵļ۸
һҡ
һҡ
һҡ
۸ڽܿһٶʮĹؿڣλ³꣬һһʮʱ򣬾Ѿˣڻھĵģֻʣַһλˡ
λҲ֪ʲôȴǲƴֵĺܣַһ·Ƭ̼䣬˾ͰѼ۸̧һʮҡ
̶ȣַҲɵýǮֽ𲻶ˡ
һʮңҵĵˣټӣҾø㡣˿ַһۣ˵ȴ͸һɱ䡣
ַȴһϲڶԷвͲܲˣֱӿ˵һʮһҡ
㡭úúãҼסˡַֻǼһöңɫͨ죬ղѾ˵ˣֻҪַټǮͲټӼ۵ĻʱȴҲٲμӾģԼµĿֻԼˡ
ʵϣҲ֪ȥҲûʲôˣΪһʮļ۸Ѿħ֮ļ۸ޣ۸Ȿħ֮飬ҲߵļǮû׬ͷҲǰ
Ҫ֪Ȿħ֮飬Լʹõģ˵طȥ۵ģ׬ͷģû׬ͷĸƨ
һʮһңһΡ
һʮһңڶΡ
һʮһңΣɽ
ĳɹַڽһʮһö֮õⱾħ֮顣
ַҴҵɨħۣ֮֮ͽħ֮
ʵϣħ֮黹ڿ̨ϵʱ̨ڶħʦʹþⱾħ֮飬˼⣬֪Ȿû⣬ŻῪʼġ
ַҲһԱ֪ⱾƷħ֮飬ԲŻ£Ļ˭Ứʾ޿һԼ˽Ķ
ѹƷʼֵľġ
ǰֵľģַĵĶȻ࣬Ǽ۸ȫǳߣѵĽңѾӽңµĽңҲַܲ缸εˡ
ַԭΪԼͦˣôһŷ֣ԼҲ񣬸;
˵֣ĺöһһַ绹вٵĺöַҲֻܷˡ
еĺܼңҲķĿ죬֪͵һֵһƷ
һЩ֣һɫԲʯͷ
ַ翴ʯͷʱ򣬻һ£ֻǵľʯͷʱɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ϳʲôˡ


375 ᣨģ
һһƷһɫʯͷŰɫʯͷͬɳĮһλħʦҵҴɳĮʯͷ꣬ò꣬ת֮󣬵Уǽ
ƷΪ꣬ò꣬ԱΪδ֪ʯǿԸоʯͷڲѪħӦ̺ӵоֵһогɣоɾͣħʦɳĮд֪ʯžļֵ
δ֪ʯ׼ʮңڿʼ
ʼǻ᳡ȴ壬Ӧƽƽûһȳ۵ġ
ҡͷһЦֽ֪
ʯͷȻħʦɳĮдδ֪δ֪ħʦбô꣬еܶûħʦȻã»ѩȥ
ħʦֲ˵ܣ˵˭ܷаأ
εǲʯͷ˵ôû취ģĹأҲΪһƷ£ϾƷ۸̫ߣһԷ֮󣬷龭֪ϵ»췽鷳
û鷳ҲôԣǳҪΪһƷٵཨ
ҪһƷĵϸҲͱ֪߼ۣȴǲܵˡ
ұİƷϾħʦɳĮģƷԭȻȻֻħʦĺᣬҲԸʯͷʯͷأԵ׼ҲͱΪʮˡ
˵ʵʯͷǺоֵģĲʷǳ죬˵ʯͷֲʯͷҷǳӲ£ƻʯͷڲɢ첨ⲨԪأֵħʦúо
ɨȫһۣٴʵδ֪ʯ׼ʮң˳𣿡
᳡￪ʼϷ˽ǣû˳ʯͷ
ʮһδ֪ʯͷһˣġ
ַȴŵҪҪ˵᳡˭ʶʯͷҲַһˣ֪ʯͷǳ󣬿ȴóȻֽоģΪԼһ־ģͻӦ֪ʯͷҪԣӶǿľߡ
ַҪٵһȣȳ־ģַٸģôַΪĿĿԣҲͻή͡
գգûУѾĵ׼ʮңôһûõʯͷûжˣôġ
ʮٽҡʱһڻ᳡
˶Դȥû뵽ȴǿ³˳ļǮ
ԼˣȻ̧°͡
ַüͷһ壬ѵ۸Ҳϳʯͷˣ
ˣȾ˵Ҳ뽲ԡ
ַһѾ˼ƽϡ
ַͻȻĿ˵ٽңҲ˼˵ĳڣҼӸպȴһŵʯͷʯͷҪˣʮһҡ
ַ⻰˵ĺܴ᳡˶ˡ
Ҳַ˵ûȻַĻǳģǳ
ҲŰҡͷ˵ĶˣֻΪ֮ͻʮңʵڲֵ
ֿ꣬ҪӦԡ
ݺݵĶַһۣзߺ޲ѣ˵һңҲ˼˵ڣҵ鷿պûһֽʯͷҪˣȥֽãʮҡ
ҲĺݣֱӾͼȥ
򣬿ɲǮңң֮£Ǿˡ
ַȴҲ뿪˵ʮʮɣʮңôҪҪҲʮң
ãʮͶʮҡ㵱ɵӰʯͷҪȥˣɵһʮңһûõʯͷһɵϡ
ſھҪۣǻû˵ڣȻʯͷòʮңоǿԣǻʮңһõʯͷǾ̫˷ˣպöԷۣʯͷ˹ȥպöԷһưͿ
뵽ЦĸӴ
ַһһŭʮңС˼ѣܹĿģҲֵ
⻰˵ĺǺˣַܴ籥ŭȻǷŭѡ
ʮҰɲһСĿһʯͷ˭ۣ˭ŭ
ַ˵ǿĵĹЦ
ʮҵļ۸Ѿܸˣڲ֪δ֪ʯĿ£ûٳߵļǮʹκû˼Ǯһʯͷַĵ
ַ縶˽ңʯͷ͹ַС
ַ罫ʯͷõУֶȻһûûǼʮҾֵֵ̫ˡ
ֵ̫ˣⶫڹŴ޼֮ļֵͲǽܺģҺһȺ˶ʶűַ磬ֻǻʮң
ⶫǴͷʷʹ˵УγֹҺպȻЩ˵Уͷȴ֮٣֪ϸˣ͸ˡ
ǡã֪ϸַ˵ļ䣬Բϳ
ʵϣʯͷʵʯͷһöѣһöû͵ĳѣʥ׳ĳѡ
ȷеʯͷľǹʥ׳ĳѣַ̽յָȻµļμᡣ
еڣѾ׶ΣҪģҲһƷѹƷ
ѹƷһһɫˮ״ʯ
һƷҲǵѹƷķ֮ˮ
ɵܳʦķʦķʱɵˮＤԶħʩչˮ֮ػ磬ԵֵħʿʮȫԵֵħʦȫһħʦԼµʵ޷ˮ֮ػ磬˺
ķ֮ˮĵ׼ʮҡ
ķ֮ˮһǿػΪǿＤͨҲʹԶħʹʹãǿˮ֮ػ磬ԱʹߣܵĹ
ħʿ¼޵УħʦҲԵֵһ֮
ħʿ̶ֳȵĸ֣ȻûʲôãҲûʲôǶħʦµ˵ɾ޼֮ˡ
ǿＤħʦʹãսʿʹãͨһҲʹãȺǳ㣬ֵҲ͸ӵĸߡ
ˮһ׼ۣ̾˵ķ̧ۣ۸ڼ̵ʱڣͱ̧ȥ
ַ翴ԣҲǷǳȣû취ѾûֽˣμҲ۸ˣҪ֪ļ۸ڼ̵ʱڣͱ̧һʮңһڲ̧
ҵľģˮԶʮҵļ۸ߡ
ʮҾΪһװϣǴȱǮ˰
ˣ
ַⰡΰȫĴӿǣ뿪


376 
Ҳû̫ϻ˵˼䣬ͽᡣ
˿ʼ뿪᳡ַҲֳ߳
߳᳡ַûжأֱӴֵĳųſȥ
УΰҲǳãģҲ˴٣ʱ뿪õѡ
ַһóųųſڿȥ
ϣַ΢΢һЦܸоԼ󣬸ŲٵβͣûйϵǰǸźˣֻҪǲڳﶯַ֣ͲǸ١
ַж˵ϣ˻Ϊַҵط뵽ȴֱӳųȥʱַһ׼ȫʧЧ
ûзԸַ磬Ѿвˣںĸ棬һЩˣʼĲ֡
ٶʼտ첻ûйϵģҲҶ֡
ʱһ˺ͻȻӽֵ߳˹ҺʱٶȲ죬һϽסͣûײˡ
˺ȴһԴһɾʹҽ˺ĲҽУΧ̳һȺˣΧ
ܵܣôˣǾȻײҵܵܣĲǡ
ַˡ
죬ΧҪˡ
һȺڵİΧס򶼱Ŵˡ
ڣַҲһû뵽ЩʲôʹóµȵĹʹ˳
ַ羫ţѾΰ
ȻԤı͵Ÿַס
Ȼ¶ַʲôвΰһͺױ¶ַʱ򣬲ַķǾͷ¶ʲôùӳԡ
ȻԷֶδһЩȴԵüΪãٱôһ赲ַǵԸ¾Ҫˡ
ֻҲַ̫ˣֶҪַ磬ɲס
ַһЦ̴Ӵ򿪳˳ȥȥͬʱַ翪ʼ֣һȭһΧ£ܵĺȫڵأųһ˦֣һżֵһٽҵĽУͷҲصģ̾ߡ
Щûʲô˵ģҲֵַַ쵶ն飬ֱӴ˾ߡ
ǳõһһٽҰһŽ㹻ǼҰȹϼʮĺˡ
û뵽ԼøȻõһŰٽҵĽɿĽѾЦһ仨
ʱҲҪˣҲģĶѣҪˡ
뵽̴£굽ȺҲ֪ܵȥˡ
ԶЩΰ٣ʱҲɿ˹ǳһַͳŶ֪ܵȥˡ
أأЩһ£Ҳסͷΰ٣Τ˹ضŵϵЩһ﷢ŭ𣬻Ǻݺݵ˼ţԷйԼŭ
Τ˹ΰٵһСӳְ񲻸ߣȨȴС
ڸղţħ粨̻һλ᳤Ҫһˣ뿪ǣֻҪͿԵõʮöңʮöҶ˵һʾ޿ּ֪򵥣ڴӦ˴¡
Τ˹˰ţƽʱʶһЩƤ˺ȥȻֽأƻ˵޷죬û뵽Էȴûаľ籾ߣֱӰ´һ٣ܵˡ
Τ˹صɫѿ֮ûɣʮöҵıòˣһħ粨̻ܵӡԺħ粨̻ᣬҲԼˣģˡ
Τ˹̾һȴҲ޿κΣϾֻһССΰ٣Ҫǵ˻ɣ˶ܲˣɾöԷûˣССΰСӳȨҲܷȫ׷ġ
ַȻ֪ô£ĴŻǲµõģһ£Ҳ֪ЩһǲĿĲݣַҲˣֱӿ˫ȳųſȥ
ַһЩβͣҲ׷
֮·ϣӦǶԷˣַ糩ͨͨ뿪˿ǡ
뿪ǣɲζΣսˣ෴뿪ǣԽΣΪڳԷö֣ǵҰ⣬Էɾ˼ɣԶַˡ
ַϳ˷ͷЩһУʱһͷ򣬲˶ַͷ׼ַɱ˳Ե
ַһţ̷ų˫𣬳˫Զȥ
˫𡣡
Ȼˣġ
ߣûôףܷɣӾͲܷ𡣡
Ƿаʲô˲ģܷɣܣǱȱȿ˭˦˭
ַһߣЩβͣʱдʧȥȤûЯ޷׷ַ硣
ǲ˶ˣͬħ̷ųħֻħޣַ׷ȥжʮһֻ½ħҲȫ񱼣½׷ַ硣
˫ȻǷħޣǷи߶Ȳ̫ߣڵ׷٣Щ½ħٶȼ죬ڵ汼ܣҲ˫϶١
ַ粻ûͷһɨͿЩ׷ٶħޡ
˫ѾһħУһַħˣЩһħȴͼħҲǶħޣַУһֻķħޣʨޡ
ʨޣϵħޣοʨӣ죬ܹʩչϵħޣǽսԶǳǿ
ʨޣɲͨħһս裬ܳǰսһַǳս衣
ʨޣҲĿǰֵΨһһ֣ɹֳħޣڸ۹Уܵʨޣ˲ٵʨʿ
ʨʿţҲĿǰУΨһɽƵĿвӡ
ʨ޵ıһ׵ĻƽսʿǻƽսʿĿĶַ磬һ˿̰ɫ۵Ȼ
ƽսʿһͷʨޣǿʨʿϣʨʿѶԸҲ֪һðġ
һϵĿףǾӵʽףӦòǹҾӵˣӦĳЩ˽֯ʨʿ
׷ַķħУֻʨǿ½£Ҳкüֻǿħޡ
ַҲֻħޣһֻħ½һֻħ޵
ֻ½ҲͰˣܵÿ֮⣬սǿ󣬿ֻɾͲһˣܵĿ죬ֻ½һ㣬սˣĲ˵ֻʨֻ;ԲֻĶ֡
ڸֵַַļһûһ򵥵Ľɫħޣ㹻ַһˡ
ַͷһۣ΢΢һЦúúãǿ˭˭
ַٷУһɾɳϰ·Щһл׷ַ磬Ҳ֪ʲô⣬һֱ־룬׷档


377 ֮
˹ˣ빻ˣַ΢΢һЦ׷٣ͣ
˵ؾ뿵Ѿа֮ңַʱ򣬶ܵǵӰ죬ַо㹻ͣ
ʵַҲףЩһͬ⣬ҪַԶ뿵ǣܵǵıӻ׼֡
ַͣ˫䵽ϣЩ׷Уʨֺݽɫ˫ϣƽᾡڶУַǳַڵϣ׼еս
ַһ䵽棬ЩһﶼΪ֮һûж룬ǰзŹĵʹħޣַ׷
ַվڵϣʼĬĬʩһε˳ַ˫Žأһ۲ɼı仯ڵȻС
˽ˣ˫ľ뽥ַ翪ʼȣһ׵ħɡ
һɱõĺôƽ֡½Ĵħʦн;У
ڳУʵռκƣϣܹзֵô
ãû⣬ɱǼһƽջ񡣡
Уô
¼Ҳ˵ǿ˸˸ȻŸԵС̣ǲǻᰴڵԼƽ֣˭Ҳ޷֪
˫ľԽԽʱַѾĳЩ˵ĹΧħַлһ֧
ַһŷȣ׵˸湥Ϯһ΢΢ϻһһơ
ڻϣȻһ죬ϸѷ죬һҪħ飬ʱ֧˹ڶϣһ죬ѿ
ƿʱѾĵ˴µַһͱ˵ϡ
Щһ˭ʡ͵ĵƣַĻƣ͵סǵֹ
ַȲǣǶ̫ˣԷռţַѾ·硣
ַһֻܣҲǴһҲַ֪粻Ǽ򵥽ɫɲǺöԸļһ
ҲûˣһʮˣкüλħʿͻƽսʿµļҲǴħʦʵսԾޱȣħʦڳĻûǵĶ֡
ʱַһǿϢϢ𣬾ڰ֮ĿǣҲоϢǿ
ǿǿãһħʦ
ܣһħʦ
һڰϻħʦãܿܡ
׷̸оַϢǿȫϢ֪ħʦʵϢ
ðϵˣһҪǡ
ħʦȴͷ¶βʵҪǻΪʲôȴħʦĲƸħʦɷɱһͷײ
ȻûתߣĸƿӴ֮´ϯȥ
ʿҲãַ緢ʱǡôպǸһ̣ʹãڸ֮Уͷܶһͷײ֮С
Ǹ뿴ʵֻٶٸ룬ʮ˶ȥÿ˶ҪʮĲƣһۿȥͺ޾Ϊ¡
룬ʩչʱһȴޱȣַǿʱѾķ룬Щһעŵַϣûע⵽µı仯
ԵЩʱ̾ͰЩһ˸š
Щ룬ÿһޱȣϣͺѣǵʵڶʱڣӲġ
ȻЩ뻹Ҫǵ㹻ˣܹǾס㹻ˡ
ַһӷȣ˸ĵ⣬ʱ˳ȥ
ַ繥Ŀ꣬ʨʿ
֮УʨʿвԵһҪɱģʨʿ
һ׹һȥγһִһһ޵ϣǿ֮˲佫ƽսʿ˺ֻ̿ʨҲһҽУڵı
ϵħӰǷֲǿܣֲһ𣬹ͬһ㣬ΧȻСˣǹȴΪǿ
ǼӰǸ߼ħַȻմطҪʱʩչҪͻϮԷͲܣַҪ֣Ȼʩչһ
һɹַһӷȣһħħֻʨ޵Դϣԭ˵ʨޣħһ̾ͱ䱬Դҽһ
ַ粻ϵĻӶȣһſŻַзЩЩߵϣǿƻ˺ǵķ˵
ҽдµӵпļһҲַ
ΣսڿʼԸв
ַһӷȣһŻ˹ȥһεĶŵսʿ
սʿƽΪϴףϻɢΣȻǷ
սʿƣûзصֻܼ赲һַĻ򹥻ĶʿϣǿѶըһµ赲ûж˺
治һ㣬ΪˣҴħԣȻһѵõħס
ַ粻ΪϵʩչһţһſŵĺڶԷϣ߿ţź䱬ԷԴԷɱ
ַȴЩźİҡͷħټϰȵַĹӦ޽ӽħʦŶԣַչʾħǵͼħŽַħ˺߿Żɱ˶Է
ַ绹⣬ȴŻΧЩƵļһ
ǿǿǿ̫ǿˣʲôȻ߿Żɱһƽսʿ̫ǿˣԷħʦȻôǿħ
Уٴˣٱȥ·һ
ԣҪߡ
ʣµˣҲȻѾ
ЩȻҲסǵķѣʱкüľߡ
ַҲȥЩߵˣֻʩչħߵһһɱ
ļ٣µȫԸЩˣʱǾ͸ûлˡ
ֶַΣŻЩˣһŵĴҪɱңҪɱңħ粨̻ĸ᳤ҿԸǮܶܶǮҪҸ٣ֻ㲻Ҫɱҡ
ַ粻ΪһȥԴ÷飬ʲô᳤һɱȻҪҵǾҪãɱľ
ħ㲻ú㲻к³ġһ̼ܲԹĿַ磬Ĵ
ַ粻Ϊʩչħһһɱ
Ƭ̺˶ַնɱһֻӵÿ죬ӹһ١
ַ簵ͷȻͬ죬һҪЭҪɱЩˣɲ׵顣
ĻᣬҲ̫࣬ÿˣɵı


378 󷨺ħ
ַĿ⣬ͻȻſǵķȥܸоһǿӿǵķ򣬳Լ
ַһʹôŲƼܣڴ˼֮£ַ³عȦâһַԭʧ
ַոʧãһ뷢԰׵İ۷ʦƾճ˹
ûǿԼ˹ܹһģٶħʦΪ
۷ʦֳ֮ɨΧһۣ˿Щʬ壬˼ĿַʧĵطĿһۡ
ȻʲôûУԵĸоһ˿޵Ŀռ䲨һ˿ѾǳϷʦĸоУܹеĲͬ
ռ䲨ͷ𣿡Ϸʦһ˿˼Ҳֳһۣٴڿշ𣬳ſǷȥ
Ϊ½ǿÿһʡݶһħʦڰػǿĵڡ
ֻһħʦػ³۹ÿһʡݶһħʦػ˫ʵĲࡣ
ȻսУǲħʦģħʦһ
ҲΪħʦĴڣ۹֮䣬ֿܱƣụ๥ܹȫѹƶԷħʦĻͨսʤ񣬸û塣
ħʦײһǾʹȫ濪սս
۷ʦ뿪ã½½вǰ鿴Щ˴ҴҶִҴҶȥЩµʬҲĳЩˣ͵͵ߡ
֪һϢڿȻ˵һħʦϻϴͷ´ȻǶȥβȫɱ
Ϣ˵аۣսҲ˵ϸޱȣ·˶ͷŴ¡
˵Ҳǣ粻ħʦôǮôĶһҹһǰμᡣ
Щ飬ַȴǺ֪ʱַʩչ˴ŲѾصԼµķ䡣
ַ統뿪ʱڷﲼһʱյǣַʹʱյԴ˵ؽжλӶܹʹôŲ˲ص
ַһص䣬̶Էµļǽм飬ûãЩȫ𣬿ַ粻ʱ䣬˹Ȼŵûнַķ䡣
ַ簵ͷҲһЩ
ȻһЩǸ׼ȴһҲ٣ַ翪ʼó׼õĶڷﲼ
ַ粼õһħ󣬲ַκ˽ħ󣬶ħı仯ַͿ֪û˽뷿䡣
ħĲòַħܶûüȫգûʱȥѧϰħĲ֮ǣħַ粢ó
ħżħַսϰƤëԽвá
ħϣַͷһֽٻӡеĻ޺˳޺̫һųռ䣬ɫ۾ֵֹĿ˷һۣ۵¶ίɫ
ַһЦվڻ޺Դϣǵһġ
޺ַͷ¶ֺõɫ
ŻʵͷҲԽĴ
޺ĵȼףӳʼ״̬ʼַѾΪʮŶѪֵܼʮңǳˡ
˵ĻѱȴҲ˵Чʱ޺ʵٱ£ҪǿһַЩǮȴҲǰ׻ġ
ַһ֣жʱһɫʯͷʯͷźۣȴֵǣַʮҲ֣Ԩʯ
Ԩʯڴǳϡ٣ȴҲǿԨʯˮϵޣԼͬʱһĻᣬԵһµļܡ
ԨʯһóԭĻ޺̵ɴ۾ȻҲ֪ǰɫʯͷʲôƾ豾ܣ֪ǺöǶԼشĺö
ַ΢΢һЦ޺ԴŽԨʯõ޺ߡ
޺һ죬ĽַеԨʯȥ
޺Ԩʯʱ˸ãƺѾԱ˶ӡ
˭޺ϣ⣬˸Ƿһſ˯ˡ
޺ϵԽԽγһ򣬽޺
ַһû뵽ԨʯĻ޻ַӦ
ǲУΪ޺ϵԪزڻǿڵԪزԣû˵⣬һ̫ңͻ˵ע⣬ʱɾ鷳ˡ
ַŻ޺һ֣Ҫ޺ջصٻӡڣȴҲȻڵǰ£Ѿ޷ٻӡǡ
ǲа
ַüһ룬ֻܾ첼һԪ赲ħ󣬽ٻɢĲڸֻܲ֡
ˣԪ赲ħַ粻᲼ðô죬ô죿
ַȥüͷҲԽԽ˶ˣ
ԶԶԣһԡ
ַ뵽һϲ̶
ħĲãƾմһħ󣬶һ̵ֽħߣͬħҪʹọ̃ͬϵһͨħͳһħ
ַҪħ󣬾Ҫħ̡
ַ翪ʼ̣̲Ԫ赲ħר̣Ԫ赲ħǸ߼ħַ绹̣᲼Ԫ赲ħ
ַƵ̣Ǿħ̡
ھħַ̣ǳϤҲǳ٣һʱ䣬ַƳɹÿ̡
ʵϣһħö̾㹻ˣַọ̈Ҳǲ֪ʲô㡣
ɣַ飬ǲħ󣬶Ƚľħеöȡ˳
һַоʮöħ̡
˴ΣַĿʼ
ֲַַǳȲǰվħķλвãҲǰԪ赲ħķλвãڶ˵ѾǰħĻ׼ڽвˣҪħʦڳ϶ǳ棬ַ羿ʲô
ʵϣַǳ֣ǰ֮ʹħڲ󷨡
󷨺ħ;ͬ飬ȴȫͬ
յЧ˵һģǲǵḶ́ǵļԭȴȫͬġ
ǵŴʿı仯о֮
ħȴǹ½ħʦԪصı仯̵仯ħ
󷨵İ壬ǽ󷨵Ĳã󷨲ǵڵģҪʱΧһһݣܽвá
򵥵˵󷨲ð壬ǽƣ֮Ϊá
ħȴ̽󷨵ĲãΧĻ޹أֻҪϵ̣ͿԲӦħ


379 
ǽƣħǽƣ߼䣬һۣǹ̺ԭȴȫͬ
ַȴ룬Ȼһ;ͬ飬ôܻܲӶƺƣںһ𣬴Ӷóµ󷨣
˵ٶ࣬Ҳʵжвֻ˲֪
֮Уһ󷨽аԽ󣬰Խ󣬵ЧǷ֮ڵһԪӦȻܹԪӦȻҲܹס޺ɢԪز
Խַӵ鼮ϿĲ֮ѣѾڣԽҪҪβܲã֮γɰԽ
Ļɲң֮ȻҲôýģ԰ԽҲ˵Բá
ԽѴʺϲĻңҲǵѰַȴ룬̵ΪĲֻЧӶﵽҪ
ַĬĬĽļƻһ飬̿ʼж
ַеʮö̿ʼķλвãȥԪزΪ֮һ䡣
ַ羫һЧȻЧ˷УЧˣ̲
ַ̿ʼ̣Ƭʱ䣬ọַ̈ɣЩֱַ̣簲װȥ
УЧǲַ̼̣ƺọ̃ȥַɵԽԽ࣬Ƭʱ䣬ܣѾװ˶ʮö̡
УЧǲԣԣôأЧԽԽûˣ
ֵַĿỵ̂ô£
ˣղŶʮö̵ʱ򣬻úõģΪʲôڶʮọ̈ûЧˣǲͳڶʮöϣ
ַһõһọ̈ọ̈һߣ޵Чֿʼ
ַ翴ðͷˣðԽ̲̫࣬ʮọ̈мޣٶһöͻûЧ
ʮọ̈Ҳ޷󷨵Ĳãأ
ַ翪ʼԽĿⲻϵɨɨȥȻ󲻶ϵĵ̵ķλ󷨵ķӦ̵λá
أ󷨵ķӦԽԽңȻһ䣬ЧΧסĻ޺ɢԪزڱ赲Ҳ
ַ΢΢һЦһҲ
ַ磬ȴо󷨣Ȼɹɣ󷨲ƣܹ赲Ԫزǳޣ޺ɢĲǿԻܹ赲סַ粢֪޺֮£Ԫزһ̫ǿŲȫİԽ󣬿¾赲ס޺ϵԪزˡ
аɲа
ַüͷһ壬ոշɵ飬ֱ
ַ翪ʼ鿴󷨣֮УоϸĽ
ſţַнԭˣԭˣԭ֮ǽ֮
ַ󷨵ĸٿ󷨣̲һĸо֪еİڡ
̸ַĽеֲַ֮޸ģΪ֮һ䣬󷨵һ
󷨽֮ƣȻڲϱħӷŸľԣһеƿԽô󷨵ĲãҪħ󷽱࣬ǿ
ϾƣҲܣн֮ƣôǿЧ
µĶȻС󷨿һҲħЩ棬ڱħǿ
Ҿ󷨲ãַ󷨵һ¥Ƕַ˵Ҫǣ֤󷨺ħǿԻģ֮䣬ԻںϣӶϡ
뵽ַԽ˷ܣҲ˳ɾ͸С
󷨺ħϣַ˷ޱȣַ·𿴼һȫµĴţѾԼǰˡ
ַЦһȻͷ֮УоʱѾ󷨵ļޣַĿǰˮƽѾ޷Խˡ
Ѿ޷ˣеְ֮ȴֵַ鿴о
ַʳһͷ󷨵оУһооһһҹ
ֱַʵǶ̫űѹ
񫰡̫ˣоַԲѡ
ַǺһЦӴռóʳˮ˷ܵĳ
ַ֮о˷ҹַѾеİأյ߰˰ˣоȥĴרע״̬˳
ַͷǰĻ޺һۣ޺γɵĹţԽˣɢǿҵԪزҪַ粼ôһԽ󣬽ǻ޺ɢԪز㹻ѳǿǣȫ
һҪʹõĺˣκμ
ַ簵ͷǺã󷨵ļܣԼա
ȴؼоˣҪо󷨣ʵȥսо󷨣ʵĵطΪսʱ仺ޱȣҿԽκģ⣬оܵľѵص㡣
ȲоˣȰԼϵĺöõ˵
һᣬַһԨʯ֮⣬˲ٺöЩöַ绹ûüóء
ַЦЦָ򵽵ĺöһһ˳ȻǿشǧĺͲóˣǶ̫ˣַ»ѹĵذ壬ǲҪóĺá
жһſַǰַ翴۾۾ﶼЦ⡣
ЩɶǺöҩˮƤƤѥħ֮飬ʥ׳ĳѣÿһǺö
رöʥ׳ĳѣе޼֮
֪ʲôǹʥ׳
˵Уʥ׳ǹһȺСɳ棬ΪЩСɳ͹̫ãӶմȾϢҲӵһ˿ܹʩչǿĹϵħ
ʥ׳棬Ҳ֮ƣҲΪʥޡ
ʥޣһֳԽĽ׵ĴڣȳľҪһףӵʵ
Ĺʥ׳棬״ڣʥ֮ơ
ʥ׳ڲٵ񻰹ºӢ۴˵Уγֹÿγ֣սγӰ졣ҲˣȻû˼ʥ׳棬ֵ֪ˣȴ
Թʥ׳ĴҪöıϳʵݣͲܳϣԻᱻ͵͵ղҼԷ
ַܹŹʥ׳ĳѣ˵һΪ顣
ȻľкýΪֻһöѣһһöδ͵ĳѣöܲܳɻһܷܲ͸˵ˣɹҪʥ׳󵽳״̬ûǧ꣬ҲʵֲĿˡ
뵽Ҫǧ꣬пֻʥ׳棬ַ̾һ


380 ƻ
ʥ׳ĳѿ˵ַջ񣬵ȴмֵջ
ʵãмֵջǱħ֮顣
Ȿħ֮飬͵еļ飬ѧϰܣֻǺеļ鲻ͬħ֮鲢һܹѧϰɹһѧϰʧܣⱾħ֮飬Ҳ͵˷ѵˡ
ħʦ˵װȻҪҪԶԼյħܣħʦĸ
Ȿħ֮飬ַǳأΪⱾħ֮Уصħħַ̬ħ
ַħǳߣΪûǿܣ޷ӳħƣһַѧеħҲͿֲַ繥㡣
ַ罫ƤƤѥڽԣƤѥЩ󣬵ǽһȥƤѥԶСڽϣǳ
ƤƤѥַվߣ˫Ьʣ·ǳҪǣ˫ƤƤѥַ·ٶȿࡣ
ڷַͲҼ٣Ҳ֪ļЧΡ
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ַҡҡͷֻܰѽϵƤƤѥ·ŵָµĶҲˣȫյָУֻǱħ֮飬
ħ֮飬ʵ飬һʯͷɶɵħߣʥħϵǿߣԼһżܣӡħ֮ϣȻħ֮飬˻ߵʹá
ħ֮Ϲʱϡ棬ǵȴϡĶˣַܹⱾ飬Ҳˡ
ַ罫ħ֮飬ŵԼǰȻķħ֮âϣþͨģȥеİء
˳âǽħ֮飬ַ·𿴼һӰʩչħַ簵ͷûⱾħ֮飬صľħ
ħ֮ݣַͨйۿҪѧϰеļܣҪħ֮顣
ȷħַŽħ֮顣
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չʾֻչʾһ飬һнַڣַħһħ
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Ҳħ֮һص㣬ûȫѧϰħ֮֮ǰ㲻֪Ȿħ֮Уʲôܼܡ
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ȻѧʲôȡԼҪⱾħ֮Уӡʲôܡ
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ƻɹŴһ֪ħʦɣԪ߻ײںһ𣬴Ӷǿµĳǿ
˷˫д֮˷һƻ˫Ŵƻ֮ơ
ƻħʦ߼һַħʦ֮Уꡣ
Ǵƻʩչ̫ϸ̫ΣˣߵײĿܲںϣǷǿıըǱըвħʦһľǵˣʩԼ
һŴƻ˵ʩչˣѧϰ޷ѧϰΪѧϰĹУҲ׷ըҪԼѧϰؼ
ܹﵽħʦĳ̶ȣ˭ϧԼ˭Ըȥѧϰǿķ
ħʦдѵħѧϰƻȻǿ̫Σգֵѧϰ
ԴƻҲΪ֮һûʲôˣȥѧϰŷ
ħʦ֮УҲһ˵˵ҪѧϰƻҪﵽʥħĳ̶ȣʥħΪħĿƾ׼ޱȣĽںһ𣬲ܳɹͷŴƻ
ַȴ֪˵ȫȷΪеǸӰħʦʩչƻ
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ַӰֶˣһΣгߣϵĻߣϵĺߣϵļߡ
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ַ۾ǳԾƻǱ˫ϵߵںôм˷ϵԪߣҿǹģƺøǿˡ
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ƺΪӡַ֤뷨ַԺеǸӰָŶ
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ȻַԪںϵԽ࣬ĹҲԽǿ
ϣǿۣҲֹΪûʵʵӣҲͲ֮ϾϣѾޱȣҪϣһܵ顣
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ַڴĿԺӰ뿴Ӱʲô̶ȣܲȫϵںϣǿ
ǾڴʱӰ΢΢Ŀʼģ𽥵ַԺʧˡ
ܴڣˡ
ĵںϣӰ˵ļѾԼӵޣѾûʲôԽ̵ˣڴʧ
ںϣɲʲô׵飬ԷܹϵںϣѾǳַҲûʲôʧ
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Ȿħ֮飬ȷǼԪߵİأȴҲԪߵİأлĴƻİأԪߵİأַѾᣬӶ֪о衣
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̧ͷٿħ֮飬ʱħ֮飬ѾѺַۣıһǱѺ۵ħ֮飬ѳϸСһѲҲħ֮飬ԭģ
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ˮħܣˮϵ޵ı弼ܣֻˮϵ޲մ˼ܣˮϵ޿˼ܣļʿ»ǳͣԨʯˮϵ޿иߵļʣ˼ܡ
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ַ˵ȥѵҰæȥ
ããϾߣϾߡˣִ򲻹ԼΰٵͷҲˣĵȫù⣬ﺦ¼ˣֻž뿪˵ء
գ˳ȥ
Щַ򵹵ļһһҲˣʱҲ˲ϵʹַע£Ҳ뿪ߡ
Ǳ뿪Ŷַл˵ллˡ
ַ˵𶼸꣬ҿɲԵ޹ʵĻ˷ǰ㣬ͬʱҲڰԼ
һԵļķѾÿַ֪ݣԥһ£ҧ˵˵»´鷳ģ㻹ǿ߰ɣĸΰ˹˿϶ȥҸΪԼ棬Źģ㻹ǿ߰ɣ뿪ǣߵԽԶԽá
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ĺˣССΰٶѣ鷳ˣҵ鷳һָ
ַĻش𣬼ķĲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ڼķУΰٿǺôĹˣȨ޴ޱȣͲЩƽܹԸġ
ƽ˵̶֥СĹԱǿɶܹĴ٣ƽĴڣƽﶷùٵİ
ܹԱȨƣҲֻЩ壬ְҵǿˣôַҲ˰
һòԴëԴĹͷ˰ɡķ͵͵Ŀַһֵֹۣ뵽
ˣҲģôһΣԺͲǵ鷳ˣţԺҪʲôƵ鷳ҲԸңܰæģһᾡ
ַ翴˵¥Ǿͱˣ£ڶ¥¥ݿڳһֽҪǻȻͻῴֽġ
м˵лл㣬ַ
ˣԺھءʰһɣһ£ȳȥһˡַ˵
ãַӷַ߳߳磬ĿȴȻһ䡣
˵Ժ󲻻ǵ鷳Ȼ˵˵ѣַ֮ôİգȻΪ֮󣬵ͻΪʧ˿ڵһԱʧˣȻҲͲǵ鷳ˡ
ˣҪǻڸģȴǺѵ飬˫Ѿ𣬲γ޽ǲưոݵġ
ַûűϰߣҪΪǿˡ


384 ֵ
ַڵѾħӡǣħӡǣԺ׵ҵڵλá
֮󣬴뿪㽫ǲɢ磬ΰ˹
ΰ˹ڽͷѲߣܵܲҹ֪Լĵܵʲôˡ
ȻҲϲԼϰ鷳ĵܵܣǵϾֵܣȥϰķϣܰģҪæġ
οҶ֪ԼĵܵܣҪǵܱܵ˴ԼæԺʲô棬ڽͷѲߣ
˹ҲܵԼǰܹܵûȵ˵һȵ»ؼ˵ﶪۡ
Ĳ£¸ôһηηĴӦһͷȥˡ
Сʱ˹Ѳϣصʱ򣬵ܵܵڼе
˵˵ô¡˹һƨһڲˮſʵ
㵱Ϲ𣿿㱻˴ˣϻ˵ص㡣˹Ƣɲôãȵӻ𱬡
˹ôһ𣬵ҲæͼӴ׵˵磬ǵüķҵǶӰɣҺͼķѾ˵ˣҳһٽķӣ뵽ķҵͣȴͬ£һ֣˵ҪʮңѼķķǿ˭ҸԣŪ˭ҸۣȴҴһ١
˵ˣҪңҪǻҾ£Ҹ磬Ҳһ򡣡˵СĿ˸ɫ
Ȼ˵˹ɫһ䣬ȴûŭǳʵǼһʲô𣿡
˹ʵҲΰٵͷΣԸƽϰȻޱȣҪЩͷļһͷΣɾһöûˣԱԷԵĲȡж
ӵбôܱܵˣ˹Ҳǲֵġ
Ҳ˹֮
룬˵ʲôܹסֵطȻҲͨƽ񣬵ͦģ߰˸˶Ķ֡
˹ͷҲϿ˵ܵܵ˵ܹסֵطȻʲôݵˣͨðߣҲסģð߸סʵùסڡ
˹ȴǶԴ֮Աǡ
ԵЩ˵սǳ˽⣬һȺں֮ڰˣ۸ʲôͨ˻ԣһѵ¶ܰǴ
뵽˹̲ס˵̵͸˵ҪúöԼˣǲôԿ˰ɣҪǰ˵ķѵ˵һˣʮ˸ļһҲմ󡣡
˹ܵΰ٣ɲǿıʲôԼ汾¡
䣬˹ʿܹϸѵҲμӹսսǳḻսҲ൱Ѿ˶ֻΪ̫ͣûнͭսʿĳ̶ȣš
ҲƾԼľͲʵ˹󣬵һΰ١
˵̣Ҳҷֻ˵磬֪ˣһһúԲ㶪ˡ
˹ȴҡͷԵܵܵɣ˽⣬˵ĺãһתۣ϶ͰѽѵǵˣһһѺ֣Ҫܿȴǲܵ顣
ˣһԼտҲӰ첻ֻҪԼǵʲô鷳Ǿ´ˡ
뵽˹̲ס˵û㣬ͨС鷳Ҷ԰ˣʲô˿ʲô˲һҪ۾ˣĻʲôǵˣԼҪģҲǣ
ؿ˵磬˵ģûʲô˿ʲô˲ĺܣͷĺˣ£зִ磬鷳ġ
ô룬Ǿòˡ˶٣˹˵ô
һ𣬿˵صˣ˵磬ģķѾӦҷˣӵ飬Ѿףһת֣ͿüǮǮֻСͷʣɴ紦鷳ȴͣʹˣһ鶼ý
˹ͷ˵һύһģѷʹãԺҲҪСĵ㣬ëëţǸ鷳
ϲ˵İɣǮҲˣԺԲ鷳ġ
ǴµͷŴ֣к£Ҳˣͱɡ
뵽ҧгݵ˵ҽңҪ㲻ú
˵Ǹ𣿡һͻȻͻأڷ
˭˹һһվһ֣ĳ˳
Ǳһ̧ͷĵطһⲻô
˹гַ磬ŵʵ˭
˹ĳַȴ΢Ц˵ңҾǿУķ͡
㣿˹һɫԽ
͵ܵܵһ汾£мʶˣϹսѪսƷΣգҲʶ߽ǿߡ
һַ磬͸оַϵĲͬһַĵԾ·𿴼һֻԼǰ
˹Լĸо֪Լд鷳ˡ
˹˼·˸ϵ˼Ÿַһܹǰ鷳İ취
ʱַ翪˵ԭ׼ôԸҵģҲûҪɱ㣬ԼҪıɱңǾ͹ֲˡ
ȵȣ鲻˹ſھͣǻûϣַ΢΢һ̧֣һַָ˹Ķͷ
Ǻ˹Ķͷֻ˺ĹӺǽڣղ֪δ
ͷ˹߶һĵ˵ϡ
ԾĴûڶνͬһͷ
ҪȡԼˣַȻַȻȫǡ
ɱ˺ַɿĽ˵ʬŵָȻ󽫷ֵǮĶһЩճþߺ·ȫյָУɴһʰ뿪˵صļ
Ȼֶʧ˿ڡ
ʧ˿ڣÿ궼ڷͲκ˵ע⣬ϤǵˣҲ̫飬ȥǡ
һУַ˲뿪Ȼڶֺ˴֣һж޷죬֪
ַ뿪˿ǣǰɭ֡
һ·ַ̣絽Ǿɭ֣ۼء


385 ɭ
һ·ַ̣絽Ǿɭ֣ۼء
ΪɭŴħޣΧʮ֮ڶûдׯĴڣнĴׯħ޵Ĺ£ˡ
ΨһһڵľۼأǺˡ
˵ʱΪ˺Ľһħʦڴס꣬ǿħޣȫλħʦɱһֱɱ֮ãħǱɱˣӴ֮󣬱Ҳҿ򣬺ű
ʱգΪɭۼ㣬ѾΪħ޵ĴڶչССۼ˴ðߺ͹ӶһǿԱСİȫ
ɭŴħ޺͸ħҩħ޺ͲҩֵǮ⣬ЩֵǮͨں򱻳۸̻ᣬҲǺ򣬷չԭ
ַûںͣһйںɭֵĵͼ󣬾ͳźɭֶȥ
ɭֲվӳڣԿԶƬɫ֡
ɭ֣Ϊ˾ͽкɭ֣һۿȥɭֲɫΪ
ͨ˵ɭֿһҲǵһĴڣɭ֣Ϊ
ⲻַ߳СԶͿһֻҰ˺ҧһʬ壬ʬ屻ҧѪģʬӦøá
ֻҰҲǲһ㣬ϲͨëһƬƬɫۼףȻһŹͷҰ壬ΪһªĺɫۼףôҲ޷䵱Ұ
˵ҲǣԭͲһֻҰһֻħޣ׻Ȯһɫۼף
׻Ȯӵһ̵ļУܹʩչϵħڶħУҲһħޡ
ɭֱԵֻһħޣֻĺ׻ȮҲ֪ôģܵˡ
ַûԼĽŲڽʳĺ׻Ȯ䶯˶̧̾ͷַ磬ַ죬ľ档
ħ޲ɱ¾ҲѰĶһۣҲӵԼϰԣǳԱʱͨҲϮࡣ
ֻڽʳĺ׻ȮֻǶַ緢棬ֻҪַ粻ȥĽʳҲԭַðĴ
ֻֻ׻Ȯ뷨Ȼʧˡ
ַ΢΢һЦָ̧ǰĺ׻ȮһָһɫĹ߶ʱַָⷢź׻ȮĶͷ˹ȥ
̫̫ͻȻ˵Ǻף׻Ȯܵʱǵ߾ѾĶͷ
ɫĵ⣬ں׻ȮĶͷ΢΢һ£Ȼ׻ȮĶͷԺڻһֵĴ֮ʧ
ϵħߡ
ַĵͷ̬ħ̬ħֻһħ׵ɱһֻħޣʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ղһַûжöҲ֮һһͿɱһֻħޣɴ˿֪ħ
ַǰߵ׻Ȯߣֻ׻Ȯ߻ԣѾȫħȻǿ󣬵ǴȻǵ㣬Աͬıɡ
ĺ׻ȮպþſǾʬϣʬĲԶһֻ¨¨ﻹһЩѰĲҩȻѰĲҩҲһطܹɼģʬǰӦһҩʦɭֱԵɼЩҩû뵽ֻ׻ȮͻȻڸ˺׻ȮĹ¡
ħҩͨħ޳ֵĵضΣԲɼħҩҲһǳΣյĹÿ˶ĲҩʦΪ١
ַ罫׻ȮʬǾʬȴûȥ˶ѾˣܲܣʵûбҪ
ַǰ߲Զһֻħ޳ַ˹һֻһķħǣħ޳ַſ죬ַʺҧȥַȴڴʱһȻ֣һץסħǵʺһ죬ѷħǵĲŤϣħǵʬ壬˴ռС
ɭڹ½ǳΪħǳַ࣬Ҳָ࣬ʲôˣȻǷǳĶ࣬ûɭ֣ǰֻħˡ
·˳ַ࣬ûħޡ
·̣ܿ͹ȥַڽɭ֡
ɭ־޴ޱȣԵشڶͼħޣи߼ħɭֵĸַĿ꣬ҲЩи߼ħޡ
˵ںɭֵļħ޵ĴڣҲ֪ǲġ
ţܿģΪÿ궼вħʦɭðգܹħʦĿ⣬Ȼɲһħޡ
ɭֵַҲ룬̫ðˣַûԼܶԸļħޣļħޣǿķͲܶԸġ
ڽɭֲãͲϵиħϮַ磬ЩͼħޣַԼöֱ֣Ӱѻ޺ٻ˳ɻ޺ԸЩħޡ
޺ʵȻǿ࣬ʩչħܹ׵ĻɱЩͼħޡ
һ޺֮ɢǿϢʹЩħ޲óȻǰ
ǰ·ϣðŶӣðŶ֮䶼־룬ûл˵к⵹ַ⡣
ǰһ֮ðߵӰ𽥵ֵЩħޣȴԽԽǿ
ַտһֻɽʱһֻɫıӣַǰ
ַ翴һ㶣ֻɫıӣȴһŰɫĶǣβϳһֻĵ
ħޣЫβһжݣóعħޣرЫβͣ綾ޱȣһһڣǴҲ˲
־綾ַ磬ҲòС
ЫβѾַˣĿַһۣΪһֻħޣȳ˲ֻȱѧϰ֪ʶĻڣϣ޷ȡ
㹻˼
Ыβַϸоһ˿ΣյϢħ޵ıܣַ翿Ҫɱַ硣
ֻ綾ЫβַصĴӴռóԼİħȣȵĶһţַһٷȣЫβһָϺһһɫĻߣЫβȥ
Ыβһָ䱸ԵȾʱһת壬ֻϧЫβû뵽ħǻߣߵķٶ̫ˣЫβȻ˹ܵĶûȫĶ㿪߻еĺȣȵ߻ЫβƤͼ⣬ĴϴһĴֵָѪ
ħ޾ħҲѽ
ַȴͷ߲һħ޻һ㣬ħޣԼȫԸ
ַħһЫβһҽУȻ󱬷ٶȣַ˹ַĹȻѾԡ


386 ֮
ЫβȻһ壬ȴݺݵײһֻͺϣǺ;޴󣬱ײ֮˿ֻײЫβ֮һ
ֻЫβҲݣ˵ͬʱһӰӴ¿ڻ޺ϣһ£˻
ӰЫββͣβ̺綾Ƕؿɲһ㣬綾ޱȣԪͶǻ޺ԪҲж
޺ĵط̱һɫĺڵ㣬Ǻڵ㿪ʼɢǶ˺޺塣
ַ翴һüͷⶾػǻ޺ҲֵסֶصĹ޺Ҳڶ֮¡
޺ֲ¶Ԫ嶼͸˵ЩѪһ£ʲôЧˡ
Ыβ֮Ȼ鴫
Ыβһ̷֣ˣս֮϶Ȼٺʱ䣬ʱĵԽãԽҲʤĲš
ȻսֻͬĶϣЩͼͲмöֱȥͿҧ
ʱ򣬻޺ЫβһУˮһһˮЫβĽ𣬾޴Ыβײա
ײյЫβͿƲסԼΣߴֺݺݵˤ
ˤһȻûʲôǻ޺ȴ׼Ыβŵ㣬˹Ыβһͷײ˹
޺ݺһײײЫβϣЫβһҽУ޺ײ˳ȥ
ײɳȥЫβûˤϣһˮ֮ˮЫβϣٴΰЫβա
ʱ޺Ѿתٴײ˹ҺݺݵײЫβϡ
޺һײ֮£֮ÿһײЫβײ÷ҽУÿײˮײɵЫβ̧Ыβ޺Ϲȫʧȥ˷ߴײ֮ЫβʱûϢͺһһ˵ϡ
ˣЫβ
ԴԨʯ֮󣬻޺ˮϵʩüˮϵħײӶоս
ӻɱЫβս൱ġ
ЫβѾٳ޺ȥĴȻѾɫȾЫβĶѾӰ쵽İ壬Ҫǻ޺Ѫͱⶾأˡ
ֻ޺ԼϵĶأ̫⣬Ϊ뵽˽취
ղŴս֮У޷ⶾս޺ʩչħڻ޺ϣʼһȦɫĹâ
ǹâ棬â޺ϵĺɫأȻʼˣȻ˵ٶȲ죬Ҳ̫Сʱʱ䣬ͿԽء
ʵˮϵħˮоⶾЧ
˵ˮʱħʦˮˮˮӶÿõˮħʦˮԾˮеĶأأ˵ĸĽˮƣڵĹЧء
ˮҲ̳ˮϵħһص㣬ЧЧȴӹɡ
ˮľʱǻһ㣬ǶԶصľЧȴǲõĵģˮԸֶضоЧֻҪһܹʩչˮķʦߣҲͲõıΣա
޺ʩչˮϵĺɫأһһ㱻
ʱһֻħ˹һֻħǣһֻĻħǣֻħΪղŵĴ򶷣ġ
ħǿ˿ܣĿַͻ޺ϣɨɨȥƺ˼ĸһ㡣
ò˼ˣַѾΪѡַ編һӣһɢ⺮İɫ߳Żħ˹
ħ޻ӵмߵľԺ֣һֱڷŶֵĹԵɫʱ򣬻ħѾһҪ
ħһ̾Ͷ㿪Ǿڴʱǰɫ߾Ȼһɨһɨǲ˰еĻħǣͶ㲻һ̧̱ߵİɫС
ɫڻħǵϺݺһ̻Ƥëϣһɼǵ˺ۣ׹̺µĺ˲˿ڣ˿ڴûһѪ
ΪûѪʲô飬ʵϣǿµĺ˲Ͷ˿Χļ֯˺ֿµ˺ǿޱȵħޣҲѻָûַУϵƣںܳһʱڣӰжӶв
⻹꣬µĺѾ˲䶳˻ħǵ壬Ҫ㹻ǿ󣬽ɱ㹻С
ˣǹɿµĺûħǵ뽩Ӳ״̬жóٻ
ħһأ̷һУĺУϷһȦ⻷ǻħĻħܹɢϵı˺
ַԸһߴ˹ǶŻħǵԴȥġ
ħѧ˹ԣ̳һҪ㿪ǻħǱ壬ֳٻһ̾һģ̾ͱС
߻ħǵĶͷһ̰ħǵİԴ
ħǺ߶ûһ͵
ħΧСҲΪΧСԹǳУӵǿ˺ħ޵ĳǿҲסߵǿ󹥻
ַ簵ͷ̬ħȷǿҲַ绨Ѿħ֮飬ѧϰżܡ
ȻħҲַ籾ǿ󹥻޹ϵҪǱħʿʩչħǾûַЧġ
ΪַǺڲͬӵо絤ĲЧħħӵиǿ˺ЧҲˣַħž߱ǿƻ
ȷħѾַ߹ȥħǵʬ
ħǿħޣ˵Ǳħ˻ƤëֵǮ⣬ȻҪ
ַڴ˵ȴʱħЩħޣħޣҲжħޣһħ򲻻֡
Щֵħޣһȫַ֮£ʬ屻ַյָΪַĲƸ֮һ
ħѾǺǿĴڣһûħʿĳУԽл𣬿Ǿǿȴַ׻ɱԲԾ䣬ַʵѾɳһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
Щħ޵Ľַ֣ħõԽԽ죬߾ͿԻɱһֻħޣЩħޣһɱ
ʱ򣬻޺ѾԼϵĶؾϣԼս
ַŻ޺ɭ֣ħ޽ս
һսս֮ãַںɭִ˰ʱ䣬ħ޽սѾµսɣʹôŲ˲عҳǡ


387 
ַ˲عҳǣͨ飬Ѱһʱ䷢顣
ҳǵĹѾ죬ַ粻ڵһʱ䣬ҲǲϷչַ絣ġ
̽һʱ䣬飬ַ硣
ַ粻ڵҳÿ춼֮У˿ڸ˺üٻַעѧҲħѾҳǵڶħѧͽ
ħѧͽǺҳδĸ֮һֻҪúһɼΪǿ
ֽһЩҳǵ飬һСʱĽַͣںҳĿǰҲˡ
ᵽһ飬ȴַЩġ
ռ鱨ַصɢʹһЩ˿е棬еȨȻŸĿռַأַһļ١
ַµأռʡ֮һ̫ˣַȴû㹻ȥЩأЩַ֮󣬶ûв仯ǰʲôڻʲôЩ̰ļһе棬ҳĿռ
ַЩأ̫⣬ԼرռȻǲˬ
ַڹ½ûиûҪЩأȴ׵顣
ַ罫º͹һ˵Ϳ׽ȴַķҲַԸ⿴ľ档
ðɣЩСǣٶQһʱɣȵԼڳһһʰǡַ˰
ַʲôԼҪģʲôǴҪģŽص飬ķ
ڵ򣬻ڹ½ǿһе֧ţҲֻӵǿԼκ顣
飬ǲܣûʱ;ȥܣַҲԼڹ½ĸ̫ǳˣ̫עĿ⣬ɲʲô飬͵һЩԼ
ַͻȻһ˵Ѱޱй
ˡӦһ̿ʼͨڳ磬аޱ
ҳѾʼ磬Ȼûƹ㵽ȫǣǳȴѾĸǣͨͷʱ鿴ڵκν䡣
Ƭ̺󣬵õٻİޱҴҵĸ˹
ˣˡޱַչһЦ
ʱҲڳˡַЦ˵Ҷ԰ޱ֡
ޱɫ΢΢һ죬ǰһԼ۵С֣ŵַС
ַһͰѰޱ
ˣڵİ죬ҪҪޱΣɬ˵
ʲôϵģʲôأֻ뱧ѣǺǣû뵽ҵİޱһλСɫŮַ΢Ц˵
ޱεĽһɫˡ
ַЦ˵ٺ٣˵ˣ˽һºҳǵĽģȻ㶼ô˵ˣҿɾͲˡ
ҪءޱһССͣͱַԼ˫صȥ
оУþûˣǻָо
ַŰޱ˫һѽޱҡ
ɲǼ䣬ﴺɫޱߡ
һСʱ󣬰ޱѾˮĳ˯ȥַҲˬڰޱϷй˳
һַڰޱ϶һ񹦣⼸εϰһŹַյԽϤ
Ŀǰ֪һ񹦶ʲôЧڷϣȴޱȣ˵ս޲ʤ
ڣֻҪַԸ⣬Ϳת˲䣬һŮ˽뼫ȵĸ߳״̬һ񹦣ȷǴһ澢ġ
ַڰޱĴǣĴӴȥԡϴ˸ˮ裬׸ɾзͨص
ϰ壬ˡ
ַһصַ֪Ѿַ̳ǰ
ַЦŴк˵ôˣǲǳʲô飬ȻĻôҴҵң
˸޹ı飬ε˵ϰһ߾һ£ǲܲ˵һ£ڼϵ㣬˵ж飬ˣ
ôˣʲôˣҴʲô𣿡ַ¾ȣѵˣ
ϰ壬ϸң㿴ʲôˡЩԹ˵
ַЦһˣʲôÿģһȻͦƯģȻǹһȵȣѵ˵
ַһϸȥһ֮£̷ֲַͬòһˣøӵʵû֮ǰƮƮģ͸ĸоһȦ޵ɫâһ˿صɫʡ
Ҫı仯ӦڣɢϢһˣǱ֮ǰǿϢ
ˣַ翴Ĳͬˡ
ϰ壬һ㶼˼Ұҽʱ䶼ˡЩ˵
˵ģַ飬ʱ䣬ʱַɭħսء
ַǸ˵Ǻǣҵˣ˵ҵļ㣬Ӧûһʱܽģôһǰˣ
ûΪַ粻ڶǹˣҫԼĽַʣ˵ٺ٣ϰ²¿ôģ
֮ǰһֻĹ꣬תһֻ飬һһ飬֮飬飬Ѿ൱ڴħʦȼ
ַĹƣ飬Ӧûһʱ䣬û뵽ھѾ˶飬ַЩ档
ַ΢΢һЦͻȻ뷨ǰϾҲˣ֮Ϊϰԣûиı䣬ϲǳȻϣܹ˷ˣͲ֮ǰ죬ѷĶ󼸺ַֻһˣַһҵַ磬ǹַ粻ڣؽɴĺַԼϲá
뵽ַЦҡҡͷ˵ˣҵĴС㣬˵˵ôٽİɡ
ͷ˵ϰ壬ǵ֮ǰ˵ľȡ𣿡
ȡôһ˵ַ¡
ݳԵʹԭһ־ȡ룬һãǽľҽд棬Ҫʱ򣬿һԴʹá
ľһֺСʱȫĴڣһۻǿһκ˶ܺӵ
ԴȪʵǾԾĴڣҲرУڼϳԵӦãԲȡĹ˼
ַһҲû̫Ȥֻǿڵƺĵʲôˡ


388 Ԫ
ٺһЦĽ͵Ҳãһз֣ԭ˾۾һµʱԲĻңҵԲἤǵľ侫Ʈ󡣡
ʵϣֻҪоֻЩ˾ԼͿԷ־ĴڣЩ˾СͲ֪Ĵڣ󲿷ֵͨ˶֪Լϻӵо
оڣֻԼ̫Сˡ
˵ҸһټϳԶԾֲԭƳһС͵ľȡǣû뵽ɹģС͵ľȡЧСʹüûЧһԷԲԾ׶ΣʼƮ磬ôС͵ľȡǾͿԷãСȡ
С;ȡǵĹʷǳСֻһ㾫ʵϣҲΪİȫϾĸһԹվᵼıСľȡ򲻻ԶԷκ˺Էڶоһеķ
Ȼȡǳ΢Сʵ̫ˣʮϰ˿һṩȡͼΪˡ
Щչľԭ֪Щʲôõģŷ֣ЩԱգӶ׳ҵ
ҲЩ֮Ҳڶʱڣ龳硣
ɾôȡģַɻʵ
ܼ򵥰ҰС;ȡװһЩĶԵͼۺͳ齱ķʽŵϷҵУǴŶϷʱϷ̼ǾĻʱõС;ȡǣͿʼãȡȻЩͨ·͵͵ĹУŰ˳ɵľһգȡľֻʮ֮Щ޷棬͹ֻʹãһûʹãͻɢ
ԭˡַ˵ͷû뵽оռġ
һֺرַ绹ǵһ˵ֹŹֵľռ
飬˵ǰ޹ˣַҲ֪ʲôΣЩռľֻʲôЧ
ַԼĵһ˵Ҳŵ˵ͷ֣ص˵Ҳ֪һΣԣΪҴģʹãĿ귢ŵĶһǶʮֻǵʹȫǷ䳲ϷңѾǽеĸ᳤ڵĶǽ飬Ӷ֪Ӱ졣
ûȷȫ֮ǰǵȷӦýдģʹá
Ҳ֪µΣԣҲ
룬ǾòˡַЦŵͷ
ȥľռɣҶԴ˻ͦġַ˵
õġӦһ͸棬Ѿŵ²Ʈȥ
ַԼһ˲䣬̳ڵµײ㡣
ҵײ㣬ǻڵأƽʱҲЩҪҲװ
ϰ壬еľͨﱻͳġָŷһ˵
ʵϲ˵ַһҲĸоһĲͬۿһ˿˿һĶһð˳
ȡľַ缸ǰ˹ӵĳڣһĨŹӵĳĨȥЩɫ䵽ַϣȻ·һɢʧ
ЩɫܿȴҲоʵϣҲʵĴڣȻ޷ȥоĴڡ
Щɫӹ֮󣬻ɢðӵͬʱͻῪʼɢӰ⣬ȫɢһգɢٶȷǳ졣
ַ翴ǰİһüͷЩûоⲨԵЩŹ֡
Ա߽͵ǰϰʱ䣬ߵҲ̫࣬ȡľҲû̫࣬ȵϵʱҶˣȡľڵ屶ڼջྫ
ַһͷȻԼľɢǸӹȥ
ַľӴЩɫʱ鷢ˣЩɫ׵뵽ַ羫֮УַľͺˮһɫͰѰɫ˽
˰ɫľڻһǿǿķȣַӴľ˵ԣǵȷڱǿ
Ӿķ̫࣬ĿǰַյõӾķͨڤӶﵽǿĿģЩͷṩһӾ;Ч൱
ַľ̫ǿˣЧûôԣˣַ綼оԼڻǿҪǻЩӵı仯ԡ
ܹӾĶӶǺöڹ½ܹӾƷҲǶ
ЩҪûиãǾ;Ǻö
ַЩǾ֮У鿴Ĺɣá
ʱһһȥַվڹǰרעоİء
ÿרעַ磬Ҳҷһ´ŵַо
ڽṹܿͳַУֻǷϵǣҪַ粻ٵʱ䡣
СʱһСʱСʱСʱַһ¶ЦݣЩİأڱŪˡ
ӱ˵ЩѾܱ֮ΪȻǴľȡǱϲǾһ־ȡŲ־ʣǾҲܰǵɾʹá
ͺˮ⡢Ԫɵ޻ˮпȡô˵ˮȻܡ
𰸾ЩǾǴӾȡһȫµʣʣ֮ǰδֹڹ½ڵϣûгַֹҲ֪Ӧñʲô
Ȼ֮ǰҲֹֻ̫ˣַ粢֪¡
Σַ֪УЩһȫµʡ
ȫµʣȡ֮ԴоһԣǺ;ȫͬܰǵɾܰǵɾʹá
ĿǰǵЧҲǳرƺǳΪһһĴڣԱգӶ׳á
÷ǳ棬ǳǿҲǳȷûиְ֮һֺܺõĶ
Ϊãַȡ˸׶֣Ԫܡ
ԪǾȡַԾ˽⣬ȡڲһݶ£ǲ˺ģȡʱȡĶͷǳҪֻٲܶ࣬һˣͻԴԲ˺
һȡԭôԪܣҲͿԴģĽȡ
ֻҪĳȡǲ˺ģЩȡľҲڸ𽥻ָ˵һȡ֮֮ߵ
ϴó


389 ͷ͵
ַһϴ΢ЦһɣȲʵϰ壬ô
ַһͷЦ˵汻ĵöˡ
һַ˵˫Ц״ɫԾȻϡ
˭ĵʵͶԾ֪ʶѷڰоҲͷǳǳ϶ͣڱϣԶЩҲдɻַ϶ۣȻϲ֡
ϰ壬Һú˵˵һζ
úúã˵𡣡ַЦЦҲûһһʮȫ˵˳
Ԫܣֺһ㰡һЩַȡ֣شϰ󣬾ٲҲûá
Ҳνˣһ𣬸޹ؽҪֻҪȷԪã㹻ˡ
ڴ˵ϰ壬ô˵ͬ׾Ԫȡϵͳƹˣ
ַһͷ˵ԭͬˣǾҪʩУҪоرϸڵĴϣҪú̽֡
ַԾԪܵоϿȷԪܵñȽϵһҲǳãǿӾǿ־ԪܾͺǾʳͨվԪܶ
ܹӾĶǺö־ԪܣַȻҲŹ
ǾԪܵȡһ鷳飬Ϊ漰̫ˣһãǻӵģԱ¡
İϰ壬һļƻˣܹյľԪܡŵ˵ΪƻΪ˲߻þˡ
ôַʵҪ֪ƿسԵ߱ƻȺ˵£ҪǶһ򶼻
ٺ٣ȸϰ㿴ҵһΰٺһЦһһֻȫܷķ·ĦгͷĽͷС
ʲôַʵ
ȫϢӰͷҲ׳Ƶͷ͵ԡЩ˵
ͷ͵ԣⲻС˵еĶ𣿡ַʵ
һ˵ϰ壬̫ˣͷ͵ںüǰѾˣֻΪ̫ߣܵƵԭ򣬶ûռҵֻͷ͵¸Ʒֱӽʹá
ֻͷڲѾ˾ȡͷʹ߾㹻ԾʱƮľͻᱻȡ
ȫ綼ʹǵͷԣôԤʮڻΪṩԪܣʱľԪܲŽӴ󡣡
һṩľԪܷǳ΢Сǻٳɶ֮£ͻǳɹۣûУ˿ر࣬ʮڵ˿ڣ㹻ṩľԪܡ
ȻҪһĿ꣬ƻȽ
ˣͷ͵ĵԣЧôֶַͦġ
ϰԲ֪Чˡ˵
ҲãҪôãֱӴͷϣ
ԣֱӴͷϾͿˡ
ַӹͷͷɨһۣͷǰһƬU͵ĻĲͨͷ̫
ַһ֣ͷͷϣǰһƬ֮С
ⶫҪôַʵͷܷ⣬ַ˵ȫַ˵ʲôַȴʱ򣬸оͷϰһ£ͷͷڲǿĻʼʾ档
ķǳ죬ŲӣѾϣ뵽˵档
Ч൱𺳣ΪͷĻ⹹죬Դͷʱ򣬾ͺһ鳬ʮȵĻǰ潫ȫռݣһ൱𺳵ĸо
Ȳ˵Ļһ飬һ㣬걬еĵӻڵӰԺӰҲûͷ𺳣ˬ
ĻЧ൱
ֵͷ֮ٿӻ¾ûʲôȤˣǿӰҲûͷ
вٶӰϷQQȵȣÿһͼ궼ģźпƼУͼԱ߻һı־Ҫôأ
ѵȥꣿ
ַһĿ⿴ϵ־Ȼƶַ꣬ԷָǸƶ
ĻԷָͷԽȡδԷָӶָж
ҲԿƵԵĻԭ
겢ûʲôѵ飬ַϤļ֮󣬾ͿԺĶãֶĿƣҪʵ꣬ӵ㣬ַѾЩֿƵĸоˡ
Ϥ˻Ӧַ֮㿪ͼꡣ
뿪ģٶȺܿ죬õúˬ֮ǰĵԣҪá
ʹַ½ƽʱȥļվкһ޴󣬿ޱȣһִδй飬
رգַϷļңȻҵһֻϷʥ־ǿϷˣַСʱ򣬺ϲϷԴ˸УҲкö꣬ûнӴϷˡ
ڿϷַȤ
Ϸͼϵ˵㣬ϷչİϤϷҲڶЧ൱ϸ壬ֻú
ַѡ˹ȻƹʼնϷ
ϷǰǿϷֻƵķʽԵ粨ƣܵǰܻǷɣһͿˣֿҪ֮ǰĽֻǿࡣ
ϷĻ׼ûб䣬Ĺ·Ǳԭٶȣ˵ƵĿ죬Ҳſ죬սʤֻܿԼĿơ
ĻټƣӶϷϷûˬ
ַ˸ֻֽϷԲʿ̻꣬Ȼٲַϲȭ98ȭʣַϲϵУһ£Ϸ£˻
ЩСϷֲ˵ԵܣǳĻЩϷ˸оˬ
ܾûɵϷˣַ浽ˬϲĽֻϷһЩƷʵԵʹ8Ʒɳ15ÿϷѻʣЧȫûκοϷˬûߡ
ֵͷҪռǹϷҵĸϷ
ϷҲӰӰֵģܡ
ַһͷĸֹܶ˸飬൱൱ͷҪǳ۵Ļ϶в˻Ǯġ
ϷͬʱַҲоͷﴫ޵һӦþǾȡڷˣַ˵һöûУַľΪҪᱻ߾ǲŽлˡ


390 ļ
ֻͷԵܿ治㵽ŪģԼоģ㻹ûַּ罫ͷժ£ŵϡ
һЦ˵ܼ򵥰ûּǱаҸһ£ͰЩƹˣȻپԵ͵̨ͷˡ
ʵļѾܷˣֻЩӵЩĹ˾Ϊָ˭Ҳܺͱ˹ԼļӶӵеļ޷ϿǡǡϿãͷ
ʵܺŪ⻹ǳɱ̫ˣһ̨ͷԣĳɱ͸ߴʮ򣬾ԺӵԼߣ죬ɱҲʮ򣬳ɱ̫ˣºȥҪǵͼ۳ۣǿҲ𣬻Ʋġ
ַȴҡҡͷŲͬ˵ǳɱˣǼ̫ˣͷһ;ԻȫĹעעССĹ˾ǹ˾һôûС
뿴ɣȫ綼ĶȴС˾Ūģô룬ֻ߲ô룿
˵ҲŲأ˭ǵ鷳Ҿͺ˭磬ȫˣôҿǻҲҡ
ɲ˵ЦģԳڵҪһҵ磬׹ļҲֵס
ִԵж˭֪飬һҲϵĴһҵľãˡ
˵˵ˣʱ̣ǲģǻͬҲƵȫĶ档ַ֣ص˵
ϰ壬ЦһЦ
ԤҪİĳڵԻԵĿֻţ쵼»ҲµĻʹߣɳֲԴɲַԸ顣
ַ˵ˣЩлͲ˵ˣǼ˵¡
˶٣ַ˵ͷǺãǼ̫ȽˣӦðѼ͵ҿԽܵĳ̶ȣȱ˺һ㹻ˣǲ̫ܺ࣬һ֤ǴҲ֤ǵʵ̫࣬ǾͲǴû³
밡ѼˣɱȻҲ½ˣۼ۱ˣϰղſܸԸʹͷĿġ
Уϰģʵ˼ͷһλð̾˵
ַЦЦ˵Ӽ˵뷨ҲûһλԿͻŸƣǴҵĽǶȣһλɲʲô飬Щ̼ңĸ̼һλռƷģûУû̼ҡ
е̼ңǳƷʱ򣬶Ƿֲν۵ģһSǶһһ˵²Ʒʵǻҩν¼֪ʲôʱŪģֻһ˵²Ʒ׷Ǯȥ򣬴ѵĽǮ䵽ǵĿڴ
ҲӦѧϰǵʩзּۣһĴһ׬һǮֲܱƷĻԾȣ˵õ顣
ϰ壬ôо̡оԼԴ¶ߡ
ַϿҵ˵ˣԭһ̡
˲ʹĿСЦּ˵¡
ԪǺö϶Ҫյģȴּãֻˡ
ԺŶַ㱨ʱ䷢ĸ顣
ܹ˾д˲Ű˾£˾ҵеķǳ˳䳲Ѿȵ𣬸ϵͳͳƣȫٷ֮ʮߵĵûװ˷䳲ĿͻˣС۷İװʣǸߴٷ֮ʮһҲ˵󲿷ַ䳲ûװС۷䡣
ڽƳС۷ӵиǿûʹС۷
ǵˣֻϣҲˣ䳲Ѿֻͻˣʹ÷䳲ֻͻ˵û˴Σһ֣ڲ
һʱ䣬вֻͷ䳲Ҫֻڼɷ䳲ƽ̨ûлؾҲҪúÿǡ
˵͵ģѾоֻӦϵͳϵͳƽз䳲Ҵϵͳоɹ֮һƳ䳲ϵͳʱٺֻ̺ǻ
ַ룬ͻȻðһ˵ͱ˺ܲԼֻ
ѵϰ壬ǵ̯Ѿ̵ĺܿˣҽҩһ鶼ûŪãҪŪֻ»̫չ˲
ַ˵ܣӦûģַ棬ǿԷչ£Ҳûˡ
Уϰ壬˵㡣
ַЦЦ˵ֻһ飬ǵǮ׬ˣͦ۵ģֻһȲƷƣһͲˣмʽ𣬻Ӯ̡
ַҪҵһ飬ҲǷ䳲磬䳲绹ûнӯڣ϶Ǯߺȣ˶˶̫ѣѾ˻ʽĽ׶Σ˵׬ǮǺ׵飬ôԼԤĿ꣬Ǳ׬ǮҪ顣
ͺñȷ䳲磬Ͳ׬Ǯģһռǰڻأͨ䳲ĸֳأĴֿ˵쵽ĸ䣬ݣֻһʱ⡣
ŷ䳲ĳ䳲ļλŮҲź͸磬رƾòöĸԵǧΣһŮɴ˵
һ鷳ַ̽ȼ֮Ѿ뿪ǰ˵ӱǣ˲鷳
İг֣Ҳǰ˺ܴæġ
˵̲סԹϰ壬ҵЩһܲҪôҪôΥΪԼ飬û֪һ׮һӲҵļӣкüΪǵĵ˴£ȥǵķչǷǳġ
ַҲԤϵ⣬뿴ɣЩһﶼǳŴɣ֮ӣΪµһгţǻ㰲ؼͣڵ棬ûгԼȻҲֵҰһ㣬ˡ
վˣԼôá
ַͷԤϵ飬Ҳ׼
ַ˵İɣԼ֣ܿͿԿʼˣֻҪٵһʱ䣬ǾͲˡ
òˡ˵ͷ
ˡ˵ϰ֮ǰԸ˲Ѿ߹ģһ£Ҫ˲нѡ𣿡
Ŷҿ㶼ʲôˡַ֮ǰͨ磬ĸ˲ţս˲źͷս˲ţЩ˲Ŷͳൽ˲Էַ˲ŵʹãû뵽˲ھóˡ


391 ڶ
֣ͨȻ鱨磬ӶϤظ˲ŵϢЩϢ֮󣬾γһ˲
˵һۣԶûĻϻһתͽ˲
ϰҪʲô˲šʵ
˲źܶ࣬ҲܴΪԽˣλҲԽߣҲԽԱ
ЩʵµߣȻʵ̫ͣǹƺҲûʲôá
Ȳżֻ˽һ¡ַҲ˵һۣڼϲûʼɸѡĿꡣ
ףƽһ˲Ҳַٰǰյж˲ŵɸѡǴƽпʼ
ƽеطλҲƫƧ˭Ҳ벻ƫƧĵطȻһŴɣƽеңӵ֣ƽΨһŴɡ
֮⣬ƽֻСèֻڴ˿˵һҶ󣬵ҷǳĵ͵ͨ˲֪ҵĴڡ
˲ʵϵ⣬ƽﻹĹߺߣ࣬¡
ЩɢߣҲַҪĿꡣ
Ҫǳɣпɽַ練ʧȥȤ
ַ˲һȦȦ˱ʡڵ˲Ŀ꣬һεΪһˡ
ַ˵ǵ϶ӡԺٽд
Ŷϰ壬Щ˵ʵ᲻̫ˣߵҲֻǵBѵBѾǲĸˣǶ˵Bɾ̫ˡ
ҵΪ£ǿ𣿡ַЦҡҡͷ˵ֻܴǿʼЩѾ߱ʵļһǲǵġ
ͺڶԷǽţҪڴõĹȻѣҪڶԷײͨԱȻ׶ˡ
Щ飬㶼Űɣȥˡ˵Ҳһûͼ˼ˣַҲˡ
õϰ壬ʣµͽҴɡЦ˵
ˡַͷһ˲䣬ԭ뿪
ַĹøĸ⿪ģгϢǺ£ҲǺ£Ƿ̫֮æˣ㲻ãͷܣûӰҲͦӵġ
Һð׼ϱһֱǣöϸоˣʲôʱ׼ϱܹΪӣǾ͸ˡ
ַúõ˸ĸһ죬ϣԿġ
㡭ôģԿɬʵ
ַȫͬĸоѾθ߳ˣȵô˼ĿУҲѵˡ
ⲻ⣬ǡô˵أԿ˵ʲôоڵãȷҪ֮ǰǿҶˡ
ַЦЦԿĶ˵㲻ôֻ࣬Ҫ֪㹻ˡ
ǣ̫̼ˣһԲԿҧ촽ɬ˵
̫̼ˣΣ嶼ˡ
ҡô죿ԿȻΣַȴһζûڻ۷̴棬ӲĶԿϡ
ҪһΣԿɬģַɫģִ
涼ˣܲˣԿĵĿַһۣ˳űӻȥַ͸оԼСֵܣһȵĵطȻ죬ˬ̫ˬˡ
ºϴ裬ӵߡ
ڶһ磬ַԴ˹
ַ˵٣֮ǰŵҪǿѡϣԼܹʲô
ԴֻǸͨˣȻԹǿҩˮֻǱͨǿɲܱȣΪԼǳҪѺַǿԴٵ
ַҪʣԴ˷ЩʵЩҲӵУ
е㶼ӵУǴ󲿷ҿΪ취ӵС
ҪôӵУһ֣䣬飬Ѿ˵ˣѧʲô͵Ĺ䶼û⣬ҿΪһЩ߼ؼҵһĹҲ׵÷
ڶ֮Ϊһַǳ϶صĴѾϾˣǡÿΪŪķ
ַޣҵĺǺͼӥ㶼ˣǾһܣӵһǿҿΪ̣ȻСƾ޵ǿ󣬹ҲûжˣĶ֡
֮⣬ػһЩϵҪǿееĳϵҲԺ˵һ취ΪŪġ
ַܵĲϸûһֽܣԴִεĸо
ͷǿԴûԥֱַǿ
ַ˵ǿ⻹治˵ʵ;ͬģ¶һǿҸ˵ĸо˵䣬߱ǿĹ
Ϊսģսȹˡ
ҪѧԴ˾ȻǿôҪѧϰ
˿ѧϰַ粻֪ԲԣȴһԣʧҲûʧ
֮ǰҪȲⶨԣÿ˵嶼ƫĳһԣǱԣԣڷԣȵȣ֪ԣӦĶţ°빦Ч
ⶨһ˵ƫ򣬿ʹøӦˮвⶨӦˮַˣóһԵĲⶨ
ӦˮԲⶨԴٵƫԡ
Ҳ˵ԴٸʺԶԶ߱ԣӵǿĹ
ַͷΪԴٽܲɣҪԼˡ
ħɹʻͦߵģֻʲôɾͣҪԼ˵츳ˡ
Ѷط̵Դ֮Դپͻȥˡ
ħȻͬ½ǶڵûļЧֻħʦڤڵЧַҲ°Ѷ̸ˣΪԼ鷳
ַĸħħǲ̸˵ġ
Դ뿪ַֽһ飬ȷûˣóֲϣʼ
Ԫܴܲ棬ԾԪܵʹòܴ⣬ַδ澫ԪܣѾ˴ŵ뷨ھҪһԣܲܳɹˡ
ַ翪ʼƷγԺƳһֻɫƿӡ
ƿӿźͨʹõĲϣȫħϣħӦֹܹԪܵʧ
ֻɫƿӣַȥ˵ҡ
ϰ壬ˣַЩĴк
ţҲ㿴һöַ΢΢һЦеƿӷõֻӵĳڴʱӹľԪܶ뵽ƿռƿС
ֻƿܹռԪܣַĶһ
ַһͷ˵ֻƿӿռԪܣҾԪܵԣôһֻƿӣܹ洢ܴľԪܣֻľԪ˵ֻƿһ£װƿеľԪܿʼʱƿӻӰɫɫȫɫʱʹѾװˣͱֻƿһֻƿӡ
ƿӿǺöϲ˵ֻܹռԪܵƿӣԪܵռ⣬Ҳ͵ڽˡ


392 Ԫħƿ
ֻܹ澫Ԫܵħƿӣַ֮ΪԪħƿ
ʵʹַٴθĽԪħƿ췽м˲ٹʹԪħƿơ
θĽֻ֮Ԫħƿ̣ȷ
ַ簴̼ԪħƿһֱԪħƿĲʹϣֹͣʱַеԪħƿѾʮֻ
Ԫħƿܹ洢Ԫܣں̶ܴϽ˾ԪܵĴ洢⣬Ŵ洢ıԪܵҲ͵ڱˡ
Ԫܵһ⣬ѣĿǰԪܵ䶼ߣͨܵĵӶﵽ;ԪܵĿģַŵǼ򵥷㣬ʹ÷Χ㣬˵ֻҪеĵطͿ;ԪܣַҲȱ㣬̫
ʮɵľԪܣ֮ͨ󣬻ϻĵеİ˳ɣ·;ԶһЩôҲͬģҪ·̱ˣôͬҲ١
Ԫħƿĳ֣Ϳһ̶ϣ⡣
ԪܵǺ·;ĳԶйϵģȫԪܵռվ㣬ԪħƿͽռԪܣҲ͵ڽ˾Ԫ·;еˡ
ռľԪܿԴ洢ԪħƿУħƿװˣ˵ҪĵطȻֻһ鷳һЩǾԪܵɻøࡣ
ַ罫Ԫħƿܣ¾ͽˡ
ԪܾͺǾһ㣬Ϊṩ֣˾Ԫܣʹþǿ
ַʹУַ緢־ԪҲԣǶڸǿȵľԪܵЧ̫ԣ羫ԪַϣЧͲԣڶʱЧԣֻгڷãŻЧ
ǶЩͼľӵ߶ԣԪܿɾһǿľҩˣֻҪһ㾫ԪܣܲЧ
ͺñľߣ˾ԪܺЧں̵ܶʱڣͻýˡ
ĿǰԪܵȡ㣬ҲˣַԪħƿʱһֻڹӿڳԪħƿѾռ˲پԪܡ
ַ罫ֻԪħƿһֻħƿȥռԪܡ
ַص棬Ѵά˹˹ȻħƿеľԪܣЧΡ
ϵ۰ϰ壬ʲô·ά˹ڽӹħƿеľԪܺ󷢳˾
̫˼ˣֻССƿװһĶǶֲһħ֮󣬻;ںһ𣬴ӶǿĿġ
˾֮󣬶ԵĸоԼڻ
˵ףܵԴʵھԽǿҲԽǿ
˶ӣŵľȻҲǿһЩȴûӡ
ҲԭģΪŲߣԴ츳Ѫĳ˵ȴԾӣûʹҲӡ
Ȼûлӵĺܴһԭ򣬻ΪǴ;ǿϵ󣬶Ԫȴǿһʡ
˶ڱǿüͷ壬ԵЩء
ַ翴ðͷԪҲܵģҲ˭ʺʹõģЩǡϵͳߣԪܵЧûʲôôˡ
ȴҲǾԵģ㲻ǿǱǿľҲܹӵӰ쵽ķӣսǿ
һֺȫȫӰ죬ǿ񣬻ԼӰ쵽ʵӣԾȻԽǿԽõġ
ҾǿˣҲԸõĵֵԷľ๥
ַ罫ЩЧý˵һ飬ĳһȻûܺΪôҲһĺ顣
⻹ûַ꣬һЦǣԼоһĵҩһоɹͿڶʱǼĴߣҲӡ
ά˹˶ַϼ̫Ķַ˵ĻŲɣϣֵַܹҩĵ
ַеһƿԪ̫࣬Ҳ㹻ÿ˺ݺһεˣһգͻǵľڱ״̬Ҫʱ䣬ϣϺ󣬲ܽеڶεա
һϣǿɾûյˣʵȻǵͣΪһ壬վרңÿһξԪܣӶڶʱڣǿľҲڶʱڣİء
ȵȫϣַΪǼ壬ȷ;ûκ쳣ַǳ׷ġ
ά˹Ȼַ֪óԪܸյĿ֮һǵʵСԲ鿴ԪܱպķӦǰȻҲʹԪûΣԸˣʹþԪܡ
ַüȥһȴȫɴֻ¶һ˫۾棬¶ļһֿµĺںɫ·ʬһ㡣
µˣհȡ
հΪӰʥӶȫѪӰʥգӶֲ˲ĸʬģ
£հ£ַʵ
հɳƵ˵ǵϰ壬ҸоһӰʥѾ½ޣڳ￿ҵˣӦҲоҵĴڣˡ
ַһͷ˵ţ֪ˣôʱ䣬㲻Ҫ뿪һΪ㱨ġ
ַ㹻ģڵϣû˻Ķ֡
ллϰ壬ʱϣֱܹ𡣡հ˵
û⡣ԱҪ󣬺ַܺûɲӦ
룬ַ˵ɣ˿϶˽ӰʥӰʥ飬ʱǺúʲô÷Խڵ״̬ȻҲзԻָòҶӰӵ˽⣬ܻ֪ⷽʶҲаգ顣
ллϰ塣հȵѾһ˿
ò֮հ;ˣΨһԸǱѩޣ˱ѩ޵Ļᣬ˻ָòĿܣհѾģҲɵü
հߺַſյķ˵հ˵עһ£ĳʲôλʲôʱŻﵽɲҪöԷˣǶѾˡ
ַ绰£İϰ壬ĸ֮Ѿͭǽڣ˵һˣһֻӬҲϢķɽ
ַԵصĲãԴ˻ʮġ
ĵĺ£ɱŹͷˡַЦҡҡͷ֮ǰʱȣڵǻ̫ˣȻѾӦӡ
Ǻǣ֪ˣҵĴϰ塣


393 һ
ַһ²ûƭŵˣȷоһܹĵҩ
ַùٹŴķţڹŴ鵤ҩڵģƷ񵤣ܹ˳
ַЩŴ浤ҩʹѲѣǹŴĵҩ˽ʧˣƵķûʧֻǺȴûǸȥˡ
漰⣬һȱĲϣȱֶΡ
ķЩ̫ˣͲһܹģЩߣҲƵҩ
ǹУǵľ̫ˣǿĹҲΪڹŴž磬ǽΪ
ͣʵͣԪתȴԪһΣ޷ԪȽϣͣʵͣҲѹɵҩˡ
Ŵĵǳ棬ַЩĵҩǴѲѡ
Щҩַһֱ˼⣬ַ汻ĵһЩ뷨

һǵһֶΣһǲϡ
ԹžַҲ˲ٵĵѵĵطֶκͲϡ
ַһֱĥ
һΣ޺Ԩʯַ粻֮£ʹħ̣óԽ󣬴Ӷ赲ס˻޺£Ǹַܴ
󷨿ħַдôֶΣǲҲܹͨħд
ħʦʿʵҲͬġ
һͨٷϵ⣬Ҳ˽½еǸϣĲϣǲǿЩϽ
뷨еĻôҲ͵ֶκͲ϶ȫˣҲͿˡ
뷨õģʵ̫ˣҪ뷨ɲ׵顣
Һðַϴħ󷨵ľ飬սڼоУ𽥵üĿ
սĸ÷ǳҪƷֻҪսһΣͻᱻƵսУȻַͿսƵʹЩʵ飬ȫΪϵĶģʹַԴ󵨵İԼ뷨ĳԡ
оķӦò˶ˡ


죬Լҵ﷢һַдױţŵ忴ĺܼдŵԳ˵ǿκĸ׵ĲҪҽεĻҪȥָĵص㣬ŵĽβ޵ָ֪һϵߡ
忴ݵʱǷżͻȻȼת˲䣬Ϊ˻ҽ
żȼ˿ӰҲ˿Ρ
żݵ壬һ£ž˭дģԷʲôĿģκĸ׵ĲΪʲôȼѧӦ
ͨдţ֮ԱǣѶԷһƭӣżĩβȴָԼһϵߣ˵˶ԷĲ򵥣żȼҲ֤µĲѰ
ҲĲѰʱԥ
ĸѾ˰֢ڣҽѾ˲Σ֪ͨ飬Ȼκֻĸ׵Ĳ֢ǶԷ̫죬Щɡ
뵽ĸ׵Ĳ֢뵽ĸ׺İԼԼòĸ׹ϺˣĸȴҪܲʹĥڵϦһ뵽͸оʹ
尵ҧΪĸ׵һ˿ϣԸȥλԳˡ
ļҾƽУյַܿҵС壬ֻǿǰʩĳ棬Щˣòϵƭ˰ɣ
ʱǰһ׳꣬꿴΢΢ЦһͷȻ϶˵ϰڵ㣬ɡ
΢ԷôϳԼģԷǿİ
ѾЩˡ
ﾯ裬ȴû̫飬ֻǺ򶨵ĵͷĿ곯ǰɨһۣǸͨˣԼûв
װ˵Ĵ·£峯ƬȥܿͿһ¥ڴ¥ǰ棬һڽıǶѾҪɣӱⶰɺ󣬿»ݻ
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źܽȴҲ˺üӵʱ䣬ߵ¥ſڡ
Լ¥¥Ǻװתͷ˵ֻܴ㵽ˣҪڴȴֵʱ򣬻֪ͨġ
ţлл˵ͷ
¥һﲼвɳҵطΪԼĺ磬ڿȴô£ΪѾ˲ˡ
Щ˸򵥣һۿȥ֪Щ˻϶ߣʵCBС
⵽ô£ɻˡ
ףǲǰ𣿡оȻһˣʶһߣ
һһɳϣͷѣƺþûˣϵ·ҲͰ͵ģʵģһ
һCϵߣȻǿΪߣв׬Ǯ·ģǿ˵ǲȱǮҲȱǮ벻ͨһʱ䲻ôôҵġ
Ȼһȼ󣬶ҲûʲôƢԴʶҲദ൱Ǻˣڵģ̾˹ڰߵɳ
°ļ򣬴к
壿㡭ôҲˣ壬ƺһЩɵ˵
˵⻰ӦŶԣôˣ
ңһѾ̾һƺʲô֮
ôˣҲˣ뵽ԼΪ˾֢Żģ²ⰢҲƵԭ
ˡ˵
ࣿüͷʲôвడҲ˵Ҳûмƽϣѹ԰˵ܸоеŹ֣ǲʲôıǼ°ɡ
ϣȴҡҡͷЦŵĶǰָָ˵壬Ժ˵ǰǵȿܣţ˼ʢ룬˵ģҲӦðһ㡣
⻰˵Ī廹˳Űָķ˹ȥ
һɰһڴ棬һ˫ţſվһˣҪǣɢϢҿ϶һAߡ
ʱAߣ΢΢ЦȻղ˵Ļˡ
λAߣһֱվڴſڣֻһͿȥˣĴڡ


394 ˣһ
ôһA߶ţʱоͷƤ飬ȻҲǲ˵ˡ
žԵúѹ֡
ʱ֨ѽһŴ򿪣һ꺺ӴӴź꺺ӵϲģȻʲôĵ顣
꺺ûڴֱͣϲ߳ȴ߳ʱڴдźװ˰ˡ
Ȼ֪˵Ϸʲô飬ǿģӦòʲô£ôߣɿһ
꺺ӵ߳һĺŮӡ
Ůһ֣˵ע⣬ΪŮҲǲ򵥣һǿѹٲA
ˣͶAߣǱǲ򵥰
ǺŮɨ˴һĿڰ£Űͷ˵
õĺõġŵվ·Ҵҵģߵ̫ˤһӣ˭ҲûȥЦˣ϶Ǳ˭Ҳ˭õȥֵԼԼӲ
߼Ůӵ߽˰칫ң˵Ľ룬ĴŽĹر
Ӧһңмһ䳤ڷĲߣһװ칫Σڰ칫ĺһˣ˵ԱߣһŮԡ
Ůû˵ֱӰѰ칫ǰ
칫ǰɳɳ¡
ЩĿǰһۣ˶ᣬŮӵɢ΢ܲӵϣȴûκϢͺһͨˡ
ԣ̫ˡ
ȻӦȻͿԼǰԼȴȫоĴڣҲ˵ۿ⣬ӵϣȫûκεϢͺһʯͷһģһ
ҪۿڰĸоУȫĴڡ
һʶ˾˭ǰЩAߺǰȣȫûпɱԡ
ȻʵߣһܹоϢΪģܹоϢˣ⻹ͷһ
ףȻܹ˵ϢܲͻȻŰЦЦ˵ĻҲζ
ٴһͷ̶һϸϸ亹ÿֲļһ
˵ôһͲ˵ȻλŮӿ˵ãԽҿȣǹ˾²ˣְҸ𡣡
ȵȣʲô˾ôְʲôʱҪǹ˾ˣԾʵ
΢΢һЦڰķӦ⣬˵±ҽ㰢ˡֱԣڵǹ˾֮⣬ûκܹﵽ㣬Ҫǹ˾İȻҪ۵ģۣǹ˾ʮ꣬ʮͿݣ帣ˡ
ʲôҪΪǹʮꣿҪʧȥʮɡʧɫ
вУԲУмʮ꣬Ϊʮ꣬һмԻ
ȵͷҲȰ˵һָ˵˸־Ҳǿ󣬼Ȼˣô߰ɣǻϣܹؽļţҪѽ鴫ȥҺãҶã߰ɡ
һ˵һղŻ˵ĺúõģôת۾Լ뿪ˣּۻҲ
ɫֳɣ˵ˣһ֮߰Ϊϣһ뿪·һ
ڳɣȿûԥ̶Լ˵ţλȥ
񰢱ߣȥˣﶼҵ֣ûбҪ˷ʱ䡣
һͳŰȻҪѰȥ
ȵȣȵȣлú˵лú˵ż߹ʱˣ˵
ʾס֣˵ϣףǲǹ¼ũ񹤣ʲô˶ùģӦףŴѵѡǷ㲻ɣ˵ȴûѡ񣬳֮⣬ûܹﵽ㡣
ǣסͷȻﻹЩҲòϣԷ˵Ļȷе
ԼԼǣԼҲǸ÷ŵ̬ˡ
ܲ˵ϸһ㡣̬ʱҲ
ҲΪΪѰʱ˵Ƕǳ˽⣬CϵߣǼٶȣǿƽʱΪ˻ԽǵĿ
ڽ㱻ȷΪѾȾ̲ӦڼȾˣֲϸӦòڶˣ˵һֲʣµҲͻ군ˡ
Ͱ֢ȼȣ̲µĵطĸ߸ȾرЩ˽ҵˣǿһθΣΪУͱȾ˲
֮ΪȾ˰̲Ͳ˵ڣĺѣҲǲ֪¡
Ҳ֪Էô֪µģʱٹЩ飬ûбҪˡ
ҪΪһλΪˣһţ˵κİ̲һ뷨Ż
챻־֢ƷˣֻҪһϣԸһԡ
˵Լļɫʱ÷ǳѿĺ飬ǴĶͷϣð˳
˶٣Ƚ˵ҵĸ㣬ϰܹκϵİ̲
ӿȵĿлȷϢоԼãʹ
桭ģѾ
ĸоֻоˣŻеζ
бҪƭ𣿡侲˵
ҡҪʲôȻ
ʵϣʲôҲøøջ񡣡
ȼ˵ԼӦ֪ǿ˵ǵ׵ĻɫԼµµΪһ벻Ϊˣǿ
Ȼ롣˼˵
ǻΪṩǿĻᣬҪģһҳϵġ
Ǹòʲôаֲ̿֯ɣͻȻЩõĸоɲа̰
ЦҪǿֲ֯Ϊ㻹лվǺú˵Կֲ֯ж׼еֶΣԸ㣬Ͳ
⵹Ҳǡ˵Ҳ֣ǵ£ȷа֯
Ƚ˵֯ϰֽᣬּΪ˹ϸõԼøõȻΧ˻øõ𽥵ϸõȻյĿЩңԶᣬΪ˶Ŭ
᣿üͷû˵ּ֯ͦʵģԼĸãȻǰΧ˹ĸãøá
ּõģºôգֻһտںŶѡ


395 ˣ
ƽʱʲôΥҼ͵𣿡ԴЩǡ
ЦЦζ˵֪һ룬ƺЩ㲻Υã
ɵȷֵȥάĳЩʱΥ˻£һ㣬ӦҲͬİɡ
εЦЦ˼ȥˣϾ翭˵һ룬Ҳ
ЩǮҲΥðɣЩǮҲõİãΪЩǮ̰۹Ա͵л߿õİá
Ҳûϼ˵ˣй£ҪһЩ⣬׼𣿡
ʲô⣿Է˼ά̫ԾˣЩ϶ԷĽࡣ
İɣǵⶼǳ򵥣ֻҪʵĻشͿˡ
ȿʼʣʲô
±ʵشȻ֪ΪʲôҪʣ±ˣȻҲǲΡ
գԼء
һŰ˰꣬ʮգ̶ҽԺ
˼ʣȻղ˵ⶼǳ򵥣Ǻͳ±йϵ⣬±ȫһһ
Щ⿴ƺܼ򵥣ʵȴ⡣
ΪЩⶼ鱨У±ĳЩ⣬ȷǲǳ±ˣӶ֪ǲαݡ
бļֶѯʣӶȷʵԣˣַɲʹ
ȷ֮ѯһЩӽҪ⣬Էʵش𣬷Ļᱻ֪Է˵ѣӶ¼ȡԷأڶԷ˵ѵԭ򣬴ӶӦĴ
ĿǰûбַϾַСҲûַ֪ǵĴڣûԸַжȻַУҲûежԷļˡ
ڿȵ⣬൱ϵһһش𣬿ȶַͷʾû⣬Ŀǰû⡣
֮α֤û⣬ַҲ׼
ȷϣ˵ϲ±ͨǵĲԣʲôʣˡ
֪Ǵôҵļǳ±ĵ⡣
Ƚ͵ܼ򵥣ϰһֹŷҩϵļҩЧӵķǳ٣ںҩˮһСʱڣͻЧʽǹ˾ʱͿԻҩˮ
ŷҩκãôҪôܼǡһû뵽ϻҩЩɶԷ˵ǣתһ룬ԷûбҪƭԼԷ˵ģܿġ
һ뵽ϾͿκԼ̼
İɣѾͨǰĲԣֻҪԸ⣬ʱԻҩˮȽ͵
ʱҲ侲ʵ֮Ҫʲôɱ˷Ż𣿡
Ǹ㿴ɣһᣬдҪصΣ㰴վ£ͻᰲȫޱȣһΥ˾ݣͻ䣬ڷ˵ţһž˹
᣿ӹüͷһôŵģϸĿ˾ݡ
ʵ̫࣬ҪôһǱЧַʮʱ䣬Чڼ䣬ѵ飬ͻ˺᲻ú
ͬʱڲϰ£ϰ֤ǵİȫͱҪĻᡣ
ܼ򵥣Ǽ򵥵£ȴǿƣЧʮ꣬һƣͰ°εϰߡ
˵ôǵʵܼ򵥵ģ͵һݳڹѣ֮⣬ûκʧ벻ĸһǽҲõԼͼ˵ļ⣬ļ˵ʲô֢ҽƸ󣬿ԻǵľӲħԭļˡ
ӦöѾˣɣʱ䣬Ѿˡ
Ĭ֮̾һͷ˵ͬ⡣
΢΢һЦ߰βһ֮Լ
Լʱ󣬰ʱһţԼ¡
Լѵģѹѹ֣ѹֶԷԼˣԭԼĶΪԼҲԼᷴڡ뵽
ԼַʱҲЦ˵ӭᣬԺҾһˣʲôѺҪԴˣÿġ
ƿҪҩˮһƿһƿҩˮ
ҩˮϵļҩˮԿĴԣӴͬʱҲǿľӵиǿܣƵҩˮֻӵУΪ㹻ĹףͿԻøõҩˮӶøǿܡ
ЩߵģַѾᳵ·ƿ򵥵ҩˮͿ𵽾ѵá
ллϰ塣˵ӹҩˮ˫֣
ҩҪһʱ򣬵»˴ȥϢĵطʱٰ˵ķҩͿκϵļˡַѵ
ϰ壬ôˣȥˡٴεл֮󣬰뿪
ߺ󣬼ߵſڣһˣ˽
߳ſڣżȺ뿪˹ҵʵôˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôЩ鲻˵ЩȴҲǿ͸¶һµģ룬ͬ˵飬ΪҲ˵ֻ̫ܸ࣬㣬ģҡϵĲǱ֤ƣǱǹ˾Ϊ˾£˵ľֻôˣϸ飬ֻԼȥѯˡ
΢΢Ծǹеʵ㡭ˣʲô
ȴЦҡҡͷ˵ˣԼˡ
˵ʲôõĿǰ̰飬û˵ڣܹκãҲ˼˵
ſڿһۣѾһװ˹󣬾͸źװ뿪ˡ
Щ겻ɳ
Ż߰˸ˣ˳һһе칫ÿ˽ȥˣȥʱ䶼̫ӣͿԻһˣǰٶȣǱȽϿġ
廹ע⵽һ£ȥ֮ǰ󲿷˶ɫŶǣ֮󣬻ȴȻڽȥڼ䣬Ѿ˲ٵջٽǵ⣬Ļǲֱ֡
Щ˵ı֣Ķһ˿ڴ
ʱһһĹȥȰȣһСʱֵˡ
塣
ڡԼ֣վ
ɡһ˦ͷȽ˷䣬岻ҵ
µĲ裬͸ղһޣһֵĲ֮ͨʣ֮ǩԼһƿҩˮһƿҩˮͽС
⡭ƿҩˮͿκð֢岻ŵһ䣬оһжΡ


396 ѣһ
⡭ƿҩˮͿκð֢岻ŵһ䣬оһжΡ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵İɣûЧù֪ˣҪǣȰĸ׽ӻؼȻʹҩˮĸ׻ָŲ˵ע⡣
ǴˣôӦò㡣
֪ϰ塣ͷӦһ
ʱַֻͻȻַֻһһµĶţƷģֻм̵֣ҡ
ַһƷȶţΣա
ַɫһ䣬ֻԿ˵ͽˣҪȥһˡ
ϰ塣˵
ַһͷͿ첽˳ȥ߳ȥͬʱַ̿˵ղŵĶźţҪ֪ϸ
õģϰ壬ϾϢ
ַӴʼ
ַ첽߳ȥһһز绰ϧ绰ѾͨԷѹػȻڵĴºܲ绰ѾͨˣҲѹƷĶ˼򵥣ϸ
ܿģַߵԼİ칫ңʱĵҲѾˣϰ壬źѾźŷƽУ·Ƶ꣬Ѿȡ˵ʱĴƵڵͷΪƵͷ̫࣬ϢޣֻܿСȥ¥888ᣬͬеĻк̩ŵһˡ
̩ţô£
ַ̩˵һҴͼҵʲڣģǲСַ绹֪֪ܣ̩ŵıվһҹѪڣѪڵβҵ
ѪһѪλ֣Ŵ֮һѪһֱʡôܵʡˣ
ҺúõģΪʲôƻͺ̩ŵһ鷳ǲǺͺ̩ŵйϵ
Ȼַ֪ɻ̽˵ҵһ£µϢҵλ棬ƺʲô⣬Ӷʽ΢Ҳҵʽ΢ţ񶼸˳
ʱû˸ȥǣǺйϵĲٲҵܵӰ죬رƼĲҵܣֵ鱦˵ҲҵļҵȻҲܹܵ˾Ӱ죬鱦ʽѾϵаٷ֮ʮһĹɷݱ̩չ
ΪΪ飬źͺ̩ŵȥ˽Ƶꡣ
ʱҵϢֻЩˣϸ鱨Ҫʱȥе顣
֪ˣɡ
ӴﵽƽУҪСʱ·ַ̣ʱٸϹȥѾЩˡ
ַ绹һصĵƣƽеıﰲһʱյ꣬ʹôŲ˲صƽеı
ַ罫Źغã˴ŲħַĽ³һɫĹȦȦԽԽȻһʹַʧ
ͬʱƽеһһַͳڱС
ַһڱվȣ̷ɿĸӽܴ˵绰Ҫ̸Ƶ¥888ᣬû£ȴ˸Ϲȥ˵
ӽΪֳָȨеġ
ӵַĵ绰ӽҲ̴µһ֧Сֶӣ̸·ص㡣
ַԼҲܳǵȵַܵСſڣٴΰСǺܺãΪ˻ԵضξѡЩƫƧԼгʱ򻹸оһ㣬·ͻȻַûڱ׼ʱȴҲˣǳ⳵Ҳûеġ
ô죬ô죿ڴ绰гü
ʱһŮַ𣺡þòˡ
ַͷһһɫè˹˵ǿŮ˾ַ΢΢һ˼˭ˣⲻǵʱ¥С𣬺ǽϹİɣΪֱȽرַ绹ǵ
èַ۾һ˹ž˸ʻλϡ
غóţַɿ˵ллмҪȥһ˱·ĽƵꡣ
ŶõģַΪϹ΢΢һ£ǴӦһ
ǸоַĽϹٶҲڿٶٿҲޣҪϵƵ꣬ҲҪʮӵ飬Ѿèļٶˡ

Ƶ꣬¥888Űᡣ
ʱѾˣ֪ˣ治ϸεķ֡
һ㣬ҵܵ˲Ľʧǳ󣬶ڴʱƽʱҽõһЩҵ飬Ҳ׷׵ңҵѩϼ˪
ƹ鱦ҲҵĲҵ·ֹ˾ֻƵĸףռ˴ɶλá
Եҵҵʱ鱦ͬ˴ۣ鱦ʽѣڶĺ̼ңԸΪ鱦ṩƷ鱦ڣΪ̡
Ϊͷ۵ʱ򣬺̩˺򣬲ҿʼҽעʣ˺̩ŵĳ֣ҵĲҵǱסˣȨҲΪ䵽˺̩ŵС
һη֣Ϊ鱦Ͷһκķ֣ûж룬ͬμӷ֡
˵ķֺ̩ǲɳ̫λֵģɳһӼԱ㹻ˣǳƵϣУһͷˣ˽кںְ̩гܾĸףǺ̩Ŷ³
С֣Ͳúƫƫˣˣ̫ŵľֹƷǳϲҴӺƻ˳ɫ
Ҳǳ̳СˣȻ֪Էʲô˼֪̾ԼĴ²ôá
ȻţϣȴǷǳ򶨵Ӧ֣ͻȻȻһ㣬һԴ˵Ҳ㶼ˣҺѾ˵һ𿴵Ӱģܣ㿴ʱҲˣҲˣٷ͵㿴𣿡
⻰˼һǸ߶ԷԼˣԼ⣬ڶҲĽڣϣܹԴΪڣ뿪
һۣõ˵ưɾ̫ˣô˵ҲҪٷ߰;˳ʲô˼
üͷܲϰ߱İ˽ƣǴʱˣֻ
һڣߵһҲ뿪˵ǰƣμεķ֣Ǹӣôǰأ̫ɨˣӦڿҵĴˣûкܵʽ֧֣ܹȹ˴ѹء
壬֪ˡȻﲻԸƻֻĴӦһ䡣


397 ѣ
ƵĿ˵ϵɨͻȻֺܱĸо
ηֲһ磬Ҳ˲ˣһ˻Ķ壬װ
뵽ЩײԼæ˶ԸԼƵʱоֱ
ԡ
Σ֮ʱİ
ϾвԼ˺ѣȻ֪Ը⣬ȴҲû̫ģ컯֮£ôᣬҲʲôֵ̫顣
ųţͽزζˣϵû˸ȰƣǽأʶЩ˶ø뿪ˣԴ˲
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ʱҲվʵ˵ѽҵˣ˾ﻹһҪļûдܲˣҵøϽȥļˡ
ȻǴ˾ĹҲͲˣȻȥҪЦе˵
壬ҸһߡһҲҪߣƶʱҲվ
һ˵Ҫߣ˵ʲôܳԷͷȴ£úźܳԷͲҪˡ
ֲɵͿ鲻ԾˣʱҲ˲øʲô棬˵壬ܣҼ£Ҫˡ
˴Ӧſȥ
һЦֹƵжȻľһƱĺһڡ
ȴź΢΢Ϲֺõ˵ܣѾͷ£¾ҪˣôҾˡ
˵ţĺˣڣȻҲͰȻ¡
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ߵţ־Ҫƿţʱվſڵıȴһס
ʲô˼ҳȥƼˣһȥڣǱЦƵ£ҲҪȥȴ׵
ܣʲô˼תͷȥƽʵ
ŭĲˣ֪ŭ޼£ֻ侲ԴǽΨһ;
ܣˡ
ͺкһҪȥƵʻߵƵߣζĿһۣһҡͷ˵ưô꣬ԺõģúõģҲǶԵˣڵΪҳʱˣڵĴҲ֪ûк֧֣ܵҿɾ군ˣΪңҪúñְ
ȫ˵ɵˣʲô˼ҪˣԼ˳ˡ
ƷʱѾƹƳŴſȥſڵıȴûж
ŶҪ߳ţƶʱӦ˵壬ԵҰ裬Ե˵ʲôңʣ𣿻ǰҡʲôʱùҵһǮҲˣ⹫ҵˣǵ鷳ɡ
һ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͷһۣһ˿Σ˿κܿʧҡҡͷʲôҲûоƿ˳ȥ
б䣬յϢ˵Ҳ鷳ڴӶıϢˣ鷳»ǳĴ
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ſбûкƸ߲ſڣƵɿŰ취ֻ֪侲ܽԼҲųȥ߻ԭλ
ƿʵܣҪôſϷߡ
ƵĿųƵķʣ΢Ц˵ƶˣô᲻أֻ̫Ľˣ׽׽ϣƲҪĺá
˶٣Ͽҵ˵˵ʵҲû뵽СطŮҵһۿƵʱ򣬾ͱסˣֻҪӦһҵ飬Ͱˡ
⻰û˵٣ȷû뵽ƽСУּƷŮһοƵʱѾҪŪ֡
Ͷҵʱ򣬺һҪҪơ
ҵļλˣΪԼļ棬Ҳͬ˶ԷҪ
ڹģֻһҡ
Ȼȭͷָڶ÷ףŭޱȣǵǰ£ķŭȴ޴˷й
һӲİѷŭ˼תԺ˵ϲҵĻԴ󷽷׷ңôˣ㺦׷𣿶Լôûġ
ԣʹõļ
ǺܿϧȴͲΪЦЦ˵Ұˣֻ˲ϲ鷳Ҹϲ쵶ն飬Ҳ˵ҸϲϴƱ
һ䣬νǱˡ
дŭһ޳ܵıСˡ
СҲΪѲôô죬ѵľЭˣĿԼ̣Ūַ֪ˣ١ԼҲϲ
ϷʵĿüͷƣԽԽϲͲ֪һʲôζѾЩȲҪǹ·ѹˡ
룬վȥȻҪϲ
ȴ΢΢һЦƵıӰ˵ƣϴּ֮ǰܲ鷳ȰֻϾҲ֦
Ǵ˵֣ȻŶԷϴּĹ͵͵绰Żдһ˵
ȻҲ£ʲô֣ÿҪǲҪ֦ĺá
Ƶ壬һ½סˣϴּ͵͵Ĵ㣬ڱôһ˵ȻͲжˡ
ǲжУ绰ѾΨһܹϵĹߣƱһεĻᡣ
ƻתüͷ˺һۣôˣҴֻҲǷ
Ϸʵû˵绰Ҿ绰ˣ鷳ˣҲ鷳鷳Ӱ쵽ҵ¡
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ûƼƴдüͷһ壬񿴳˵ʲô̶һָ˵ֻˡ
£̾бڳȥ־ҪƵֻù
ˣֻܷɿĽŷ˳ȥһ죬ŷͳɹʱֻˡ
ڲ鿴ֻ˵٣˶š
ùһ֣ӱڵнֻ˹ֻʾ͵Ķţŵֻ֣ҡ˽ַ磬һͨİ֡


398 
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ЦЦĿһۣνʵַѣָܹߣ
ǺǺǣò˵̫ˣҿϵŮˣûŪֵģˣҲһ˵Сˡ
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һĿ˺һۣתȥϴּ䡣
ϴּ˫ü壬鷢չһĲ֪Ǻˡ
绰߲ͨȥҿ޼ɵģĻڰǿҲһ
ô죬ô죬ַ簡ô
ҡҡͷЦַʱ򻹲֪أյҲ޼£Ͼ̫ˣַ¸Ҳ
ҲǴæ֮ŷ˶ţŷ֮ȴһҲûУûַָܹԼ
ƶϴּ㶵ķŴֻϣԶȥ
֮󣬺ź޶ϴּ䣬΢ЦҡҡͷϷʵɫ
ϲŮˣԼŮ˵ķ׼
û׷ŮˣֵҲûаʻ㣬Ůˣֻг
Ů˲ϲǿϲҩⲢ˵ͻ˳Ů˵ϲǿƵֶδԷģöԷھУ
ͺèϷ󣬻ȺϲһڰԵҪһһıŪϲŰʱĿģûһ㷴ȫʱŻһڣһھͰԵ
վߵϴּſڣϴּţ΢Ц˵ưûʲô°ɣҪҪҽ㰡
һ˷һۣѾƷĲ٣˵òãһͺá
ܲأҰɡ˵ţȴϴּĴϰһ£һ죬ȻˣԭιغõĴţҲ֮򿪡
Ƴһ֪ˣһ㶼򵥡
ΪҲŭ֪ϴּ˵£Ŷģֱǿо
һסƵ֣ƴϴּ˳
ϴּʲôôŵģǳ˵ɡ
־ǯһѽƵץסò˼飬Ʋôûãһ˳ȥ
֣ҪʲôĴʣǶں˵˷¸ǡ
ץסƣãЦе˵Ҫʲôһ¾ͻˡ
޳ܡ˵ʲô侲侲ʱѾȫȻˣҲû޳Сˡ
Ц޳ܣǺǣ޳ܵ飬㲻Ѿ𣬺Щҿɾ͸жˣҲԼ˸
ɫһף¿˵˿ϣҲ벻Լ˾Ȼ飬ȻΪ˼Լ⻹𣿿ˡ
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Ҳÿˣûѡˣûҵͬ⣬޷뿪ҲŸ㣬Ǻμҵʵɲܹȵģ͸Ҫ˵ˣ˳߲ûз
˵㻹еܵðɣӦòϣΪģϣǱǣǸˣҪôӦ÷ǳ
ҲǺĵط죬ͷ·һѷĸֵƵϺݺһնһҪǱвգĻʹ
ҲǺŪŮ˵ĳֶΣȻֶβǿǷǳЧġ
Ƶɫְһ֣嶼΢΢ķ
ôǺûУҵĿ޵ġ˵ƵĿ⣬һ˿̰
ˣҲӦġսȭͷĿҲԼԭߣҪͲܴӦ
ɾɲˣǿģû뵽㻹ͦǿģûϵҲܴżζҲһЦһһ
ԴŮ˺ǿǲĲǿˣЩײŮӣҲʹðӲϹİϷ
㲻ҪѲŹġһ̲ס
Źңٺ٣ҵҪ˭Ź˭Ųţһѵǰ㡣ͷ촽ǹһаЦ
ƴ˸Ϻˣ˵ټǿҲֻһͨŮˣŮûǿʢģֲڵŮˣĻκһŮ˵ķӦǴ൱
ϺѹȣͬҲǺ¼ˡ
ԹҪˣʲôӦ㡣뿴ɣӲˣαΪԼأ͵һΣ𣿡
ˣ㻹Ǵİɣ㿴㣬ҲСˣȻǴģϧôƯȴʣŮҰŮ˺ˡﻹ˵ŸԻһһߵĲ죬ȴƸѹ
һеƿǽǵϣϵĲ;ߴڵء
ƵڲһѱĲ͵̰Ѳ͵ٵǰ
˵
Цҡҡͷ˵һСܹв㰡̫ˡ
ȴͻȻ䵶һתԼؿϣ˵в㣬ҿɱԼõҡ
ĽŲΪ֮һ٣Ц˵УҪɱҿԷŹһҴӦ㣬ȥʬ壬㰲ĵ·
㶯ְɣѵؿڣ׼ĲλһȥֻҪһͿԶˣҪһǷǳ۵ģ۵ȥӴ֮ҲԼļˣֻҪһȥֵ𣿡
˰ɣµɣαأֲĥ㣬ܰ䱻ǰѵһ飬类ҲһɣҲֻۣˬ
ҪңĲҪңŹҺ𣿳£鶼ԴӦ㡣ƽڶסԼĿڣѾ
Ĳ뿪磬뿪ԼļѻСˡ
Ĳ
ǰȴͷ΢Цó㲻Ȼֺαȥɣ뿴ã㻹жõûгԹ簮ôûԹɣ˶ϧѵ°ɣֲʲô˵飬͵ܺˡ
ңƴеѾһ˿Ȼ
û㰡ѡȨϣµͿԼһУҪѡȥȻҲûˣôɱɱ۵Ŷһһϴ΢Цָо
ҲŹġƾķ䣬ݺݵĽеĲ͵Ŀڣһ޵ѪĿϣſ


399 ƴһƴ
ƾķ䣬ݺݵĽеĲ͵Ŀڣһ޵ѪĿϣſ
һ£ҡҡͷĸɱôȴɱˣǿϧ
˵ſϧɫȴĮĺܣȻƵɱûзϡ
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߽ƵǰƺҪȥ
ʱ򣬴˿һ˽
üͷһ壬õ˵ô£
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ֳԾֻ΢΢һƽȻ飬öˣҲûʲôϡģҲֻڸտʱ΢΢ȣƽ
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뿪¼ȴȥ˱ңȫ٣йصҲȫ𣬴Ӷ֤İȫ
ӽܽӵַĵ绰ٶԴ˸Ƶ꣬ڳͬʱѾƵ굱صɳ˵绰ָǰ¥888е顣
һľ죬ҲǵϽɳ񾯣Ϊŵϵı硣
񣬿ǸֳµԵ񾯷ǳӣʱֵϤȫֻ¥ʱ⣬һȵӣͻȻ¥ϳ
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üһǲȭſһһȭͷ񾯣Լĸ첲ʹĽе
һȶͲԼ˭ˣҲûߣԳرأľƹҲǵùˡһ꾯죬˵
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Һã˼֮󣬾͵ڵϺ˯
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ٴһҪߣ¥
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ȻԼʹ
ȵ¥888ʱ򣬰Ѿȥ¥գΪʱ̫ܶ鶼ԾϵʱȻûпˣȴ˻ûüߵơ
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λɳ˶ʮľ죬Ҳһλ֣첽ߵƵߣһۣ̲̽ƵƵǳ΢ǻ΢΢
˻죬绰оȻС˿ڣ㴦һ¡
СΨһһŮ񾯣űɳСѧŮԣ˿ڵĴȻ䵽ϡ
СҲ֪Ҫ̶鿴˿ڣһ˿ڣСͳһ˵̫ˣ˵ˣ⡭⻹о𣿡
ӳѪӦûд̴࣬һֹѪˣȻѾ·ˡ˵
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Сᴦ˿ڵʱ̸ӽܴ˵绰㱨
ӽ̴һþһֶαߵȫ
ӽܵֻܿЦһƣû취֤һܹ˺ȫ
ӵϢӽܲκε̸ַ˵绰ҽ˵һ顣
ַһһ죬еֻѾƣһؾҪˣֻֻȷʵͨͨУѾһȻֻ𻵵ˡ
֪ˣϾ͵ַƽƽУȴһɱ
ַ罫ֻ𣬳ųصǿһۣƵ껹߰·̣Ҫһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ַȴԼȲˡ
ַһһƵƬУŵ˳ϣ˵ллһ̣ԺκѶң飬ϣܹΪұܡ
С飬ġϹ˵Ǵֲʲô飬˵ıʲô˼ҲҪܣ
ǽϹ֪ΪʲôַҪ˵ҪˣΪǰһ̻ں˵ַ磬һ̾ѾʧˣҪ֪һʻĽγڰûпôȥģ˵ôʧģ
ϹɵۣɵĿỵ̂һСģγһײ·ߵĻȥ
ϹعרעĿ⻹̲סĳ߿տյλ˹ȥ
ַղ˵ĺ壬ַҪصܡ
ϹʶַĲѰһξͷǳ֣صĽַµƬһźܼ򵥵Ƭû̫ݣַֻ֣һ򵥵ĵ绰룬֮⣬ûбĽˡ
Ƭʽͨǲʺе㲻һ㣬ȻǽƬʲôأ񲻶԰ϹƬϸ˿ԽԽǾȣƬɫǰƳɣǲƷ
ϹЩŰɣѵŲ۵ƬһŲƬôһƬٿԼֵüǧ˰ɣƬĳɱ߰
Ǯ˵磬ﰡ
ϹҡҡͷȴƬ֣ص

Ϲ벻ַ˲Ƶķʽĳʧˡ
ʧַ磬ڰ̳֣ڳֵ˲䣬ٴʹ˲ʧֳڰ֮⣬˷֮£ַ˲Ƶǰ
˲Ƴٶȿ֮⣬ԺԵεӰ죬·Ȼǿޱȣʹ˲ַľĺַܴδҲ֪ھǿȣܲ˳ĵƵꡣ
ǣַ뵽ǰַƴһƴˡ


400 
ͨϹϵĵǣַѾ֪ƵķλټϾĸ飬ÿ˲Ƶʱ򣬶û˵Ľֱ߽䣬ܱ֤ǰͬʱᱻ˷ټ
˲Ͼ̫죬ǲҪ̫֪ĺá
ַڵľǿȣһ˲ԶľԴﵽף˲ƣԾģ޷ʹá
ַûȫ˲ƣÿ˲ֻƶ׳̶ȣǡôȿַ˲ƣ㹻ľ룬˲֮£ƶٶȣֻȫ˲ƻҪ١
˲Ϣ䣬ַѾ룬ٶ֮죬գ۾͵
Ȼ䣬ַһΣ䵽ϣһ˿˿ѪǴַĶͱ˳
⻹ַһγĽ˲ƣû뵽ֳ˲ƣԻôӰ죬ߵ˲ƵʣѾʹַľܵˡ
һ˿˿ӶѪżΪˣʵϵ˺ȴֻ֮ǰδЩӦ
ַӣҡҡͷԼһЩ
˲Ʋǲڸ·ϣǽڳǿĻϣַľǿ󣬸Ͳһ
ھû㹻ǿ֮ǰòҪʹþгƵ˲ƣҪ·ֻķ
ַЩûڣ֪ôһ죬ӦһЩƶطЩطȻȻû˲ô죬ʤڳȶ·Ǻʲˡ
ַ΢΢ҡͷҲ˲ԹԼǸԼʩһȻ״̬£ʩչһ׷ԼٶųŽƵ˹ȥ
˫ܲȻû˲ô죬Ǵʱַ羫ܴѾʹ˲ƣֻܿ˫ж
״̬µַ磬ٶȳŽȥ;һε磬˱εΪԼˡ
Ȼ˲ƲˣҺʣµ·Ѿûж٣ַڶ̶ӵʱھ͸ϵ˽Ƶꡣ
¥ݣַ¥ɿĸϵ888ᣬַȻܲȴûκΣ˵죬̾˰񾯵ע⣬ǻͷ鿴ȴûпκֻǸоһĪĴԼ߹˹ȥǷǿǵñӶηˡ
һᣬַͿ˵ѪеƣƵϢǳ΢·еʱϨ
ҪַѾ˲״̬ܵƵߣԳΡ
ַһ⣬ҫƵؿϣˮԪصڱסʧ
˭ڸѹ˿ڵСῴַͻȻԼߣһ֮˼
С˼ľתͷŷַ磬Ƚϼľڵǹ˳ַָ硣
ַûںǵľٶǼάϵ⣬Ϊ˳Ľƣַ绹˵ǹ

ʲôǹ
񾯶һǴ˵еĹ
˵Ҫַٵ˵
ַ˵Щ񾯶Ծıͣ˭Ҳ˵
ͷ̫Ҷͨ˵̫أһ˵ԷǹټϿַϷ⣬ڳ񾯶ԾַĻû˭ɵַݡ
ʵַҲȷĹԱֻʽԱԱ
ƵƷǳأ͵ؿڣ˵࣬Ѫ˿˳ҵǣ͵Ƚ϶ۣԴ̵ĲҲƻܻڵԭ
ǴʧѪѾƵߵıԵַյˮϵħ˺ҲΪ
ˮϵħص㣬Ч壬ƵӶΪַʩȣʱ䡣
ãˡ
ַľһֱڹ۲Ƶ״Ƶĺƽ̷ͣɿĽؿڵĲ͵˳Ų͵İγһѪ˳ַϣƵѪȾ졣
ַ˲ϵѪ̰˿ϣؿڵĵˡ
Ȼ˿ڿźֲܿ˺ܶѪʵϲһССĿӣͨ˿ڣЧΪˮϵҲܹϡ
ҫ£ǰ˿ڣһֲ˼ٶȿϡ
ͬʱַһֻУҲһƿҩˮַ罫ƿӵƿҧƿӿڶƵͣҩˮ˽ȥ
ѾʧȥʶͲʣҩˮ˳˳
ɲС
ַһ̽ҩˮԼȻǵƵĴϣͷƽյ˫һһĽҩˮ˽ȥ
ҩˮһƵ壬ͿʼЧãƵɫ׵ĺϢҲʼָ
ʧȥѪ̫ˣǵҩˮܹģַιҩˮͬʱҲûзˮϵʩչˮϵ壬Ļָкô
ַһ󴮶Χ񾯿ˡ
ҵ찡ҲΰɣҲκã
ʲôܣ
̫ţˣҲУ
ǹ̫ţˡ
ַɿƣͨѵ·ԿԭǴ˿ѾϣȻûѹѾȶ
Ƶþˡ
ڳ񾯶ԾĹƣΪַҽԵĳޡ
ҵжǹһܣ飬˭ҲҪ˵ȥΥԭǶҪܷرԭǶýַž
ǣ֪ôˣͷԸģҪôд
õģµԼֻҪرԭͿˣ飬һдˣҪǵñܡַ籧סƣһ˲ƶʧǰ
Ƭ̵ϢַľָһЩʹһ˲ƶ
Ǵͼܰɣ̫ţˣǹҵĹţˣ
ţ̫ţˣܹ֣ûаһˡ
̫ʶˣҪҲܼöð
໰ղŵ飬ڶӦ֪صġ
İɣ֪ôˡ
ıԭ˭ذǲǲƣ
֪ͺãԼ鷳
ô죬Ǽţ
ȵһȰɣξֳԸģҪξֳˣᡣ
ûȵӽܱ˵ӽܵĵ绰ʹֻϡ
ξ֣Ѿλˣֻʱԥ飬֪Ӧô˵Ҳ֪ܲ˵
ûöԲߣӽܾڵ绰˵ˣѾ֪ˣնӰɣĲӦĽģҲҪǵñԭ򣬽飬͵ûˡ
ξ֣ף֪ôġ
ͺá
˵绰һ֣˵նӡ
ԭҪɺ䶯ɱӰˡ


401 Ů
һΣˣһʢĻ񣬻ˣһӤƸоԼĺҸá
еЩر𣬾ȻǸַ磬ɬЦЦǽ
ξðҪܹһֱöˣ΢΢һЦգգۣͻȻ˹
գգۣͷ컨壬컨ʽЩİô£Լô
ˣǵԼɱѵǱˣؿڣؿƽȴûһ˺ۣƽ޶£ûˡ
̾һѾˣĻԽͣΪʲôϵѾûˣֻ˱ɹǰ˿ڣпܱûе
𣿻˵ãǣԼΪʲô֮󣬶
ˡһϤľϲһͻȻ
һתͷһȴȫþˣַ硣
㡭ôҲ𣿡ƳԾ˵
ַ΢΢һЦߵߣȥƵľУƵ촽ǣȻʵо¶㿴𣿡
Ƶһ˳ʵ˵ҲţһΡ
Ŷôءַȥֻһβһǣһǣͷ˿Ƶ˫ƵС˳ԼúƷ
㶣ͻȻΪıסַ磬ַ缤
Ƭ̺˫ֿһ͸ĽҺ˿˵촽䣬˿ߣƵɫͻȻˡ
ЦЦʱѾˣԼûַ磬ʵǡң
ƸоЩ˼飬ԼˣôԼģԼǰ˿أѵ֮ǰһУһΣ
ģǾԲΣЩ鶼ʵģַֻԼκԼ˿ڡ
ţַͷƵ˵Ҳһ㣬Ҫʧȥˣ֪һ̣ж𡣡
֪֪Ƶᣬֹס˳
ƲԼ飬ǴͷҲҲۣһ㣬Ͳôһ㣬ҪǱ𣬾Ҳˣѡˡ
ĺú£嶼ɪɪ
ַıסƣ˾ӵһ
֮ƵѾƽ
ַĻ̧ͷַӣ¶һĨɬ̧ͷʵҡôþȵģҼǵѾˡ
ַһͷƵĴһڣ˵㻹˵أһҪˣһϢˣҲȲ㡣
ʹõǰѲ͵ȽСҲۣܶԴĲ̫ûб̴ˣҲűסһС˲ãоϵŮΪ㴦˿ڣѪٶȣҺܾȵ㣬ҲǶЩԮ֡
ַȻˣǾȲˣһˣʧǿҲ޲ǹħУҲûܰ˾Ȼ£ȴûġ
ҲǶЩ촦Ƶ˿ڣַϵʱƻһڣԲܾȺơ
ԭҵ˿أôһ㶼ۡʼĩָ֮о㱻Ȼһôص˿ڣҲ˵û˾û˰ɣΪʲôԼڸоһʹ
ۣɣַ羪ȵĽеƵؿڿȥؿϸϸƵɬĺ˺죬ûַֹĶ
ĬַԼַ
ַҲ֪ʱ򲢲Ǻʵʱûֻ̫֣ƵؿڣͷŹƣշԺеʱԸ
ַ罫Ʊ˵ŮѰɣҪֵĻҲԸ㡣
ĵȷһһ޵ƶȣǷվпԱõ©ģҪȢӣʵҲһ׵飬ͿǲǸһˡ
ֻҪַԸ⣬ȫԸԼŮˣÿһҲ͵ÿһֲ֣ˣҲܷϷɣٶǵļѣҲһ
Ը⣬ֲ֣ҲںˡƵ˵֮ĺܶ뷨ͿѾת䡣
̶ʮ꣬ܶʱ仹ǿһ㣬Լܻĸģ뵽꣬Լȴź뿪硣
ͬԼŮѣַҲϲһҪǲͬĻֲǿ鷳飬ȻѾͬ⣬ôַ˵ʣµ飬ûʲô鷳ˣȫơ
ַƵĳЩε˵ԲѾŮˣȴ⣬Ǿ̲סİ㣬ԭɵѡӵһԲİ飬ǽ飬̫ĳ޷Ҫʧȥ㣬ҾʹĻڰҵһʹ
Ҳ鷢ҵߣҲʧȥ㣬Ҫӵ㣬㣬һӡ
Ƶ˿˿ģͷǵַĴϣַĻ
һƬǣӣͶŽһεǡ
ұһᡣַؿڣıסַ硣
šַһͷֱסƣ˾ӵһ
ӵһˣԷָо˳
˰죬ſ˵ܺ˵˵𣿡
Ȼԣ˵ʲô˵ɡַ۾Ƶͷ㷢
㡭ʲôʱϲҵġƵʵ
Ů⣬ȽϹע
ڵһۣһο㣬һ۵ʱҾϲˣһǵõһμʱ㴩·˵ĻһһжӡҵԺĵһۣҾһ־޸Уҵʱţ˭ҪܹȢ㣬ǹԸˡ
Ըϣַصҧ
ɫַ֮⣬ַŤһѣŤָ֮оЩۣŤĵطఴ
Ȼַ֪˵Ǽ٣ȴ
Ů˾İ˺һǻرĵģַҲû˵ѣʱǱ޵ˣ˵һμͰϣǲܵ飬Ʋռеȴġ
ĸ˲ռŮأǸ˲
˵˵Ůʶһʶʵַһǳע⡣
ʵϣʶ㣬ʶµҲûʲôģַ㽫еһЩ飬򵥵ĺƽһ¡
ַ˵֪ӷɺ͵µĽǶ˵һ㶼ãҲûΪʲôĵطǶ㣬ԿǶޱҶ
Ƕҵİˣӵǣǣһӡ


402 Ҹܼ
ﰵ̾һҲַܹѴˡ
ıģ罫ַ绻ԼԼָѡȫӵУǷ֮һôָ÷˭ñģֻԼĵģҲֻԼˡ
ãлãһδ֪Բȴջһβȱ飬βȱ飬ǶԼҪĶ
һ˲䣬Ƶ˺ܶණ̾һڷİֻźͺԼİһ
ֻ뵽ˣƵüͷҸôͼ˵˵˱˵С
Ǻǣʲô˵ģ˵ˣԺǻԾٰһҲûûֵĸҵģǽ飬²ܴԼ֪Ϳˡַڻĺδĳ·Ҳ˶Բߡ
šƵͷҸɫ
´Ƭַ̣ɫЩ֣ʵ˵˵𣿡
ɫһ䣬ĵȰܽ˺ҲΪðա
ַȴҡͷ˵ҵŮˣ˭Ҷ㣬Ҷǧٱıȥ˺ˣ˭Ҳù
֪ڵʲôұ㣬˵˵Ҷ飬ԸֻǻʡҵʱԴ㲻˵Ҳȥе飬ֻһȽϺķʱѡ
Ǻǿܴ㶷ǵģְɡư˵ķǳģַΪΣգĻˣҲᰲġ
ַȻ֪ƵĹǣ㿪˵ʵ㲻˵Ҳ֪Ĵţķ֣Ǻ̩Լȥģ̩ſ϶ܲˣССĺ̩һҪǣССһ仰顣
ַѾ֪̩ţƾ֪Ѿ޷ȥˣ˵ȻѾ֪̩ţôӦ֪̩ŵ͵̣ļŲܹԸģҪΪҶðգ𣿡
ָ̣ʲôַƺл
ߣ֪𣿺̩ŵıվһɣǺĹɣԣǻɱġƵĵ˵
ַЦҡҡͷ˵ʵϣ֪̩ŵĵϸѪڵĲҵ
ѪһѪλ֣Ŵ֮һѪڵĴӪʡһǽʡҲ֪ʲô⡣
ԭѪڣҪʲô޹أȻǸǵҵͷϣôҲͱҲˡ
ĿǰһȷѪڣԽ鸺жΣ鶼ѪµģôҲ⣬Ѫڡ˵棬ַѾһɱȻ˵ٻ
㶼֪ССĳһû뵽ַ֪飬Լ֪ĻҪַ࣬Դŵ̬ȣҲƳԾƺַûаЩţ
Ǵӱ֪ЩŵĴڵģҲ֪Ҳڹ֮һ̫ϸϢûк˵ƵӡУŶǺǿĴڣͨ˸Ͳȥǹš
ַ˵ĻһҲ˼ַȻҲͨ˵ģ̩ŻĲĶ֡
Ƶ⻹ǻΪַģԸַ粻ҪΪԼֻϣַܹȫȫ
ַͻȻ˵ˣұ۾
ƿַͻȻ˵ұ۾ԼͻȻйĸоǲΪҲ˵ˡ
ַۣЦЦ˵ɵϣôΪֻڵ顣
飬Ҫôе飿㵣ȫַ֪˵ʲô˼ű۾ڵġ
ŵģַֻý͵ӵеһģҸղžʩչҵ֮һʹӦҵйͨ飬Ȼҵȥɣǵ鵽ʲô飬Ҳᷴϵġ
ԭȻӦֶҲܷ˼ȴҲһֱȽϿ׵ĽͣȻͽ˵
𣿡֮ʵӦòӦģַӦǹˣдһʡ
ô˵ɡַûзϡ
ַٴʵڿԸңڰ﾿ʲôӦϹҲɵϣԼΧ顣
˭ϹˡƽߵĺһһΣûмܾ˶֮󣬽﷢飬˵˳
ַ羲ţûðȻ죬üͷȴʱʱ
ַļס֣ɱ
ܶϸڷ飬ƶһ仰ֻǼӵʱ䣬ƾͰʼĩ˵ˡ
û뵽µıҾȻҲУΪ棬Ƴ˺
ңʲô㡣ַʵϾƵˣδǣַҪȡƵ
ƵüͷҲ˵ʵĺʹǣ֮˳ķǳʹ࣬Ƶʱ޲ó˶ǡ
ʱ˵ףҲҵһӣҪҸϾɱȴҲûǸġ
ƵΪѣַ룬˵Ҫɣ⣬ӣķϣҲȥ˺ǣʱеĲ߽дǵĲƲǱ⵰ǮصĶһǱһУں֮С
⡭᲻̫ˡϾԼˣ
ַҡҡͷ˵ҪǰҵƢһֱӰɱ飬ûɱѾǺܿݵĶԴˣҪǶ飬Щ˲ֵͬ顣
Ƶ뵽˰ȻȥıӰҲһӱǸǵõѵ
ţġƵ˵ͷַַͬܲ£ѾĿǷΧڣѾַϿ̫飬ַ˵ƭԼġ
ʱƵĶﴫ˹Ķ˷Ŀ顣
ҶӶˡƿַ磬ϴһĨɬȻܲϰߣǰ¶ԼľȣַǰҲˡ
ַЦЦƷƵ廹ЩĿڴϡ
ʲôҪԾƵ궩ģġַ罫ϵıЦ˵
ҡġ˵֮Ƶ϶Щ
Уû⣬ȥֲˡַЦЦĵӴ򿪣ңƵߣƣַԼȥæȥˡ
Сʱַ紩ΧȹĲһ˷䣬ĲһƯַߣһĻƾһѡ
עģַϵΧȹһǮƵȴΪԼΧȹȥƵӿһĸж
ͻȻãԼĺҸ


403 ʼ
ַĲһֲȣȻöôóԣζҪĲζ⡣
ַûʹӣĲһôƯƵǰӣڴϳ
ζã̫⡣ַЦ
ζƵͷϴһ⡣
ΪַķˣӦζһ㣬û뵽ȻζһľƵַӵоƵա
ζͦõģѧգЩʵ
ûѧԼϹĥġַЦЦ˵
ַԭĳһ㣬Ĳֻ˵ǿԳԣ㲻ζá
ַħгɣڻ¶ȵĸоǳټϾϸ΢Ĺ۲ʳı仯⿵ʱ򣬿ԸϸĹ۲ʳı仯Ӷζȡ
⻹Ϊַ粻ͨ⿵ԭ򣬷ĻһܹóԵζȡ
Ƶķֻһ㣬ƽʱһ뷹㹻ˣǶˣټַķˣζǼãԾͶһ뷹ƵĶӶԵĳŴһ㡣
绰˵ĵ绰ھƵַ統ʱȥæҲûע⵽Ƶֻʱ绰ַֻˡ
ַûԥͰԼĵ绰ݸơ
ƽӹ绰һַĵ绰ѾˣĻѿһƣңԵԵָѹۡ
绰ôˣЩֵʵ
ǺǣղŴ绰ʱ򣬼һ£Ͱѵ绰ˣĻȻˣܴ绰ģпȥһַ粻˵
ַ˵Ĳ⣬ЩСۣѾףַӦΪ֪ԼĴԲżĽ绰󻵵ġ
ưµԴ򿪵绰ĻӰֻʹãǲ绰ǿС
ַ棬Ƹĸ˵绰Ƶĸĸ֪ϵ飬ƲøĸģҲû¡
ֻǺ͸ĸ˵£ҪѼסȥˡ
Ȼס棬ĸҲûɣֻǽСһ㣬Ϣ
ƹ˵绰תͷһַĿĿԼַ˫ƺ˻һ
Ƶ΢΢һ죬ƺַеĺ塣
ƻȻҲַһĬ
Ҫַ粻ȷһΡ
㲻ӭˣˡһ죬һŨŨŮַ̳
ַӳȣԼϲơ
ַȣȴҲ֪ǲܷʲôˣΪ˳ϿѾˣʵȴ쳣̫ʺ̫ҵ˶Ƕ壬ɲĺ
շַҲԸΪԼ˵˺Ƶ彡
Ҫϴ룬ַܾˣһѰ˴ϣúÿӣЩַ꣬Ҳȥϴڳӵ㹤ϴġ
ַ罫õٻʱȴ˻ˮַһϴּ俴ȥȻ͸͸Ĳַ翴һӰˮϴ衣
͸͸ԡҲַԿԡڵжԡĸԼ壬·һ㣬ַСܣ޳ܵӲˡ
ַЦҡҡͷڴ˵ӡ
ȻڣڵƲʺҵ˶ַҲϨ𣬰
ϴϴĺϸҲ˵ϴرȥСʱϴá
ԡһһİɫtֱӴԡ˳
ǼɫtѪԭַģҵ͵˯ʹãΪtѪȽϳԴƵϣպܹǵƨϣϰҲΪtѪ㹻ܹصġ
ַ翴һĿⶨƵϡ
˳ԡԭһĻ棬ټǴſtõĶ˳¶˰˵һ˫ȣַʱоԼ꣬㱻˹ȥ

ַ粻֪ӦνݣֻǾô˿̵ƺˡ
ƵһĨ̺죬Ҳ֪ϴϴĻǱַ翴ߺ졣
ַĿע£ƿ첽˹Ȼӣ˽ȥ
Ҫϴ𣿡ڱԴַ˵
Ǻǣȥϴˡַɨ˱һԡȥ
ַϴɾͱƿˣͷϴһ飬ҲӶѣֻǵַ߳ԡҵʱȴ΢ĴѾڴ˯ˡ
һĻַЦҡҡͷԭЦŽǲܹʲôǳûϷˣַҲûʲôʧĸоߵƵߣĶͷ
ַƵĶͷȷѾ˯Լȴûϴ˯·
·ϣַ뿪ңŴãߵ¥´ַ磬ֻ޺ڿĴͷ˳޺ã¥סŵŮˡ
޺Ȼĵͷʵִػ
ֻ޺ڣԱƵİȫ
ַ߳󣬽˫ͷ˳Ȼ˫𣬽ҹɫڻա
ҹɫ£˫ٷУܿһĸ
סˡ
ַ罫˫Ȼ״̬űȥ
ΧװΪٵͷַ磬Щͷȫͬ衣
ͷ֮⣬һЩѲߣ࣬ѲߵĴҲ٣ϾҲֻһĸûڰϻ̫ľ
ǼֻǹַһС鷳ǹȻַ磬ȴŵַϵζ̷˷Ľַһ̳ԼʩչϵħζЩǹŲζŲٽл
ȻǹĽлһЩע⣬ЩǹлʱȽ϶ְֻ̣Ǿȵһ£Ҳûˡ
ַ羫ھָ֮ǰܵĲʹ˲ƶֻǿ˫ȿһΧڣʹһζ̾˲ƣС
Ͼŵ㣬ϰ˯ˣѾϴϢҹèһ壬ȴǸոտʼ
ﲻѾ˯ҲвȴŸԵ飬ԣ졣
ַǿűһɨҵԼĿ꣬ƵĶķλ˿̵ͼͬ͵Ůڶ¥鷿졣
ַûʹ˲ƣǳŶ¥鷿ȥߵſڵʱ鷿ӹȥʱ鷿ڵ˵һ
鷿ﶼҵĺԱ̸йں̩Ͷʵ飬˵˵ţ˵˽緢ڽ¥顣
һ긾ŮЩ̾Ϣ˵ƱϾҲҵŮǲ̫Բˡ
һ˵Ҳ֪ԲѾĹͷΪҵһӣΪҳҲΣ룬ƻǵġ


404 Ի
鷿˵̸ַзŭ
ЩһαƣÿÿΣԼ˵ҸȻΪΪأôΪʲôǲԼΪʲôԼΪ
͸ñܾ͸ֵԼĵ
úúãȻ˵ôҪôҾͰٵǵʱһʲôַЦѾС
վַ羫ŷţ鷿ڵ˽дߡ
ַڵľǿȣ˵£ЩͨˣҲ׾ٵ顣
ַһһдߣ鷿һһ״̬лûߵˣ̷˵쳣ǻûǺгѾǵĴȥǴߵ
תۼ䣬鷿߸ȫַߡ
ַû˷Ѿ˲ƣǿһ˽򿪣ַӴ򿪵ķŴ˽ȥ
鷿һ߸ˣҵĺĳԱˡ
ʵϣƵĸϲҵĴӣʮʮǰϳ˳°̱ŴҵȨ˳ȥҵȨ䵽༸ֵܵС
ΪѾûжٻȨҼֵܲŻƵ룬˳ȥ
ַ翪ʼһһʣӶȷ˭˴£˭޹
˵ĻشȴʧȥĻᣬƵ飬ȫͬ˵ģȻ·󣬵ȷھΣǱϾڵʱͬ˴£û޹֮ˣԽܳͷ
ǵΪ㹻ַ罫ɱǿƵķϣǱƽҲƵˣַҲɱǣȴǵĲƸпĳͷ
Щ˵ʧȥƸӸ˱⵰Ƕĳͷ
ַ翪ʼѯ飬е˻룬Լҵܣҵڶܣ̳չʾַǰ
ЩϣַͿ׵İǱһĲֵ⵰
ַйں̩ŵ顣
˶ں̩֪Ҳֻ̫֪̩࣬ŷǳǿʽϵǿ󣬾Ҳǳˣٺ̩ŵƽ֮Ҿ̹ȻҲǺº̩ŵġ
ҲΪˣ˲Ż᲻ҵĹϵƵɳ룬˳ȥ
Ҽ绹ǰң˿ҵϣôܸҳơ
ҵʽ΢̩ǿƣټϺ̩ŵʽע룬ʹҳ׵ĵ̩š
ȻԺ̩ŵ֪Ĳ˻Ϊַṩ˲ٺ̩ŵϢرǺŵأҲ˵˳
ʵϣ˲˵ַͨص磬Ҳ֪䣬Ȱ˴ϣַͻȥҺ鷳
Ӻַ뿪ͬʱߵĻҲڼȫƱֽ鱦͹ŶֻҽЩʧ͸ߴڡ
ЩҶ͵͵ĵƣֻҵļλֵ֪£Щ͵͵صĲ׼ؼʱʹõģҲҶɽʱһƲЩصĲͿԱҺɽ
ЩֵڵĲﱻַȻߣȥҶɽĻᣬҲûзĵˡ
Щַ࣬һԵȫ˴ռϢĴˡ

Ƶ꣬¥׷
٣Щ֣ЩȫˣûпƵӰ֪ǱܴߣǱʲô˾ˡ
ǱߣôһۼŶԣ̫ˣȻûһ㶯;ȻǶˣɾûпƵӰҺ;ȻҲǴҴˣڼȻûпƵӰһֱصڲŻԱ֤ûпۡ
µĻ㱨üͷ
ԭڽ鲢̫⣬ǱϾˣһľ죬Ժ뿪Ƶʱ򣬻ڲԶ£ס˽Ƶ꣬ӶȷĽս
ĽչȴǳϣƾȻˣʬƵôˣ˻ǻţܵȥˣ
ЩΪʲôǸʱܵƵ꣬˭ȥģһң
ʳָû棬˵죬ĵ׾˵죬ȻЩˡ
ءῪڣһĮ
Ļҵæ˵ȥ˴Ƶľǵɳֵ񾯣֮ԻȥƵ꣬Ϊֳָӽµµĺ׼ȷָȥƵ¥888ᡣ
Ϣֻܲ鵽ˣӽΪʲôҪĿǰûоϢûھУȴѾȷƵ䣬Ŀǰδ
̩ŵĵ̹Ȼǿ󣬼ﲻǵΧȻҲܴ־ڲϢɼھڲҲǵˡ
ӽܣһҵ𣿡²⣬ҲֻҲָʾһֳ£ҲֻҲϢĴ˵ƣ˵Ƶʬ塣
뵽΢΢Цһ£һ̲סˡ
֮ԻƵ⣬һΪƵȷƯƯֻеһԭһԭΪҡ
ҪԸĻңǰչĹأֻ֮ܰҪԸңҲҪһվסŵɣĻѪûռסڵϾͳԿˣѪڹķչ顣
رһֺųɰµļһرϲ£ֻڵռϷ磬ܱ鷳
˵ڴˣңҷŭǵ飬һʲô飬ѪھͿԴΪڣԸҡ
Ҳʡ͵ĵƣ֪̩֮̽Լ˵ٻţͲһƵĻᡣ
ϣ֪Ƶ⹫һλϣȻλѾǰҵĵλȽϸߣҲܵҵչˣƽУû˸ȥƵ⡣
źҵϵȻƵϣ⣬˺ķ
뿴ɣҳϵŮŪˣܲ𣿻Ͳסҵӣģʱ򣬺ҲͿУ˷ˣҳԸҵİѱˡ
ǺĲľ֡
ƺЩЧˣֻмһ⣬ҪβҪϸϸ˼
ʱһ绰˹
٣ûжûԱ롣
п𣿡
ûС
˳˼黹ŹˣҲû˳룬ѵƵʧ٣޹أôµı󾿾˭ڸ


405 һһɱ
һƵĶ¥ַһĪĸӦڶ¥ɨһȦŰͷ
⿴Ʋ۵Ķ¥Ի˲ٸ֣ЩСආͲȥˣǵ쾳ĸ־ʮλ֮࣬ѪڵʱӪˡ
ѪڹȻͼıСǴԸҵˡ
ȻƾԸңֻǶԸҵȷһҶϣӦûиѪŵӳڴ˵ء
ַЩŶԹܣֻǺǡ˺ƣѪڵծַֻ
ַɨһۣ׵ƿطϵͷȫðһƬ𻨣Ȼȫϡ
ַʵ׵ƿػƿصȻħҲվַҲطаأЩħ׵棬Ƿ㲻ˡ
ر׵ƿħԿκεǿ仯ڵûħ磬ַ׵ƿؿĿеĵ仯˵ַǰκε˲䱨ϡ
ͷַ֮¶ԼΣźڵķȥͬʱַϢҲɢ
ַϢɢЩڸѪڵ켶̸֣об仯˵ɫ
ҲֻضѣΪַԼϢйѪڵӵĸоУַͬҲֻһ켶ʵΪ
Ƕ¥Īĳôһʶĵ켶֣Ѫͻַ߶̾зŴ򿪣ѪӴ˳
ʲôˡѪַָʣΪߣżĵӣӦǱɳ̽ģ̽ĵӣַȤֱӶһָһϸϸӵĶͷ϶ʱһССѪѪǹ죬ȻŽۣ·ʲô壬˲ơ
ͷУѪӺ߶һĵȥ
ַ΢΢һЦǰ
һѪڸ֪ĵѾȥ
ôĵӣҵҪ˭Ѫڵ鷳
ͬȥͬȥҲ뿴˭ĺ£ǲͲסˡ
Ҳãһȥɡ
ǶȥˣҾöˣһ켶Ϊǳ㹻ˣҲƲʲôˡ
߰켶ѪڸֶѪóڷԼ顣
ǿʲôˣ߰켶ȥԸԵĴ´ࡣ
һ߰Ѫֶ
˭ôĵӣȻɱѪڵĵӣ־ܣ˵ĻĿģǻһ
˶һۣһԲĳַлƺǴ㽫ַ˵
ַ΢΢һЦ˷ֱһ㣬ַָ죬˵Ķͷ϶ʱѪһ͵ȥ
ʲô书ѪµĸȫһָǴδ˵˵ʶˡ
ãϸˣǳ֡
ûǷӦַָѾתǣµѪڸ֣㶯ÿһ£һַָضҲһѪڵĸֱжͷͷ̾ͶһССĴŽ۵Ѫ
ǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ϵѪȫһڵϣѾ
˫ԭֳһ磬ټַħԻɱЩѪڵĵӣûбɱһֻѡ
ַ簵ͷħ⡣
ַǰס׷ſڣˣЩеѪڵӣҲðȻ
ϷıʣѾѷѪڸǸˣϢ䣬гȥѪڸȫϢʧҲ˵ѾϢȫ
ܹһ㣬ޱȵĳ֣Ѫڸֶ֪£ֲɵϣʱ˭ҳȥ
ַվڷſڣһȻܹһ˵Ż
Ȼ֪Ϸ飬ܹӦķʽ֪Ϣı仯ҪǿΪȻڵķûĸ֡
ַ絹ûио̫⣬ʵϣȻǺ̩Ŷ³Ķӣʵϣֻ̩Ѫڵ߹ѪĵλҲ̫ߣҲ൱ǻĹϵʹѪڵĸ֣෴жܵѪڸֵ
ַվſڣš
üͷʱôţҲû̫⣬ſڵͷſڵһǰǰȥš
һַվſڡ
˭ڳʵ
ַЦЦ˵Һ
Һܣ˭ԤԼ𣿡
ַĿһٴظ˵Һ
ڵͻȻãظҺĬĬ˿һÿ˵·
ַڷ˵ע£߽˷䡣
Ŀһۣһ˿⣬ʱַİ˵棬ȻҷƢҪڣҲҪ鴦֮
֪ѾˣΪַ
ԶֺĿַϣ΢Ц
ȵַԼĶʵλѣǺʶɣ
ַ翴ɨһۣ˵ǲʶңҵ֪㣬ܣ
¾˭ҲϸĿַ磬Ŀһ˿⣬ַĻ˼ζ߲ư
ΧıҲ˺е⣬ĵΧ£עеַϣ˻뵽˻ƺ˻
ַ΢΢һЦûаΧΪЩˣˣα⡣
ҽַ磬һС䣬λҲǲʶҵġַ˵ַҲΪԼ֣ᱻϳԼ
ַ磿һٴ֣صĿǰˡ
Ŷʶң⵹ַЩˡ
Ƹ㷢ţƵѣɻʵ
ôһ˵ַЩףô֪Լˡ
ַͷ˵ǸҷȶţҲƵѣһ֪ʲôڹҪ㣬飬һһһʮȫ㣬ʮٱĻ㡣
ңЦ·ַ署һЦ
ô㲻˵ĻַЦЦĺɡ
ЦЦм˵ҵȷţΪ˭ҲƳԼＸ͸ҴԲ˵ҪңҲ̫Դˡ
ƺַ֮ͣᵣһ£Ǵʱ˿̣ȴһ㶼ģΪѪڵλ־סĸ׷ֻҪԼһ춯ͿԽЩֽйЩֵѾע⵽ֻҪǰַһ춯ڵѪڸ־ͻὫַʬΡ
뵽޵ġ


406 
޵ĵĺλֱӣĿַ磬ɭ˵˵ʵԭǾˮˮ˵ǻɣȻԼǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ô㻹ɱңַЦ˵ƺûкµģ
Ҳδ֪ģҾɱˡЦ
ַҡҡͷ˵Ҵ㣬ƾǵ΢ĩߵЩèҪɱһ治һ׵飬վŲǴҲɱҰ
ɫһ䣬ͻȻ˵Ƕûô˵İɣò֪Ӧô
ôһ˵бҲƲסԼŭַȥпַһڣӻгһѶ̵ַĺͱ˹ȥһҪǱͱʵˣҲҪˡ
ַȴҲɶԷĶ̵ԼϣǶ̵ַ壬ַ޷ӦǶԷǱȴѽһʹУ̵û̽Ƥĳǿԣ˳ѽʹһŤˣ̵ڵϡ
Ǳһ㶣Ť˵󣬵ϵĶ̵֪롣
˲䷢Χ˻ûзӦпıڳַȭӣҲóַ硣
ǲܵȭŹȫַƤַ粻ûˣǹıˡ
ѽô£
ãһйŹ֡
һϴףͷͷûףԴ
ַȴһҡͷǴһ壬ԼķǾŶûˣû˲
Щʵ΢ıڣַħ߶ʹãȻͺһһַǵڿбΪһ׼ȷĻзбڣ߻Убƺһ鴤ĵȥ
ַʵԽԽߣħĿҲԽԽֲַУѾԽչֳ
ڶĺǰһжѾȫˡ
ַܹǹѾ㹻ˣ⻹㲻ʲôڹ޵һ̶ȣҲһ㣬ֻ˵ַΪߣǸղŵЩôһ£û˵ʲô书ЧҪ˵磬ֻߣó顣
ԾַǿʵҲԾַĺⷿʮڣʮת۾ͱַɱ˸ɾɱֶΣú﷢
ﺦˣ֪ԼϺˡ
㡭Ҫôɫף亹Ӷſ£˫ȸǲԾĲ
вʵҲֻһųĵСߡ
ıܣ˭ܹȻ֮
ַҡҡͷ˵һΪǸӲû뵽ҲǸųĵСôҲˣҲ𣿡
ǵģҲ˭ء촽¶һĨЦ
ǰ˭ȻˣΪʲô㻹ҪĿȥΪʲôҪȥͿԣȥͲУַЦ
㡭˵ɣֻҪŹңʲôҶԸӦ㡣˵Ϊ˻ȥʲôԴӦ
ȻҲֻƬ̣ܰϵԽãȻԽãΪھѪڶֻ֣ҪϹһʱ䣬Щָ˵أǰַͱɡ
ַȻֳԾսǺȻţѪڵĸܹɱַ磬Ļᡣ
Ǻǣ̫߹ԼˣΪʲôҪģˣһһ棬һֻϣʱ㡣ַ˵Ŀ⣬һƬ䡣
㡣һŭʱ˵һ뵽Էǿ͹죬Ӳв˵Ҳ̫⣬֪ԼĶ֣ӦҲҵĵϸѧڵĵӣ˺ңǺѪԡ
ѪΪϵţλ죬ʮλ켶ָ֣ǲһëѪھͻΪұ𣬵ʱ򲻽ҪļųҲһһ
ַ絭ҡҡͷµͷвԼŶûˡ
ַ˵֪ΪʲôҺ˵ôϻ𣿡
Ϊʲô£Ҳɻ
ַ΢ЦΪЩѪڵĸǣ㹻ʱ䣬뿪Ƶꡣ
ͻȻһֲõԤУʵ㡭ʲô˼
ַЦЦ渵򵥵˵ɣ㲻Ѫڵǰ䣬ɱһԽȥͷŭѪڱΪ췢飬ۣûȥѪڵ鷳ʦ»ڹ顣
ȻҶЩ鲢ںɻɱѪڣܹҲǼ飬ڸղŵϣҹƻɱѪڵ켶֣ѾѪڽʣµѪˣ϶ὫѪڸ߲㣬ʱѪŭͻҳ֣˴ʱȻҲ͵ɱѪڵʱѪڣҲû˭ܹ˵֡
Ҫǹ㣬һõǺҪģαӱСˣȷҪ㡣
öļƣֻϧǷݱѪһֻ֣·һȵ
ַƵ˵ͲҪĵˣ㻹Ǹ룬ԼӦôȥɡ
ȥȻһַ˹ȥв֪ʱҲһذףذڹ⣬Ȼذױι˾綾һذ׻Ƥ뼡ͿҪ˶ֵ
ذףǺıƣɱﵣٴΣΣǿذףΪġ
ذ׾ҪַʱذȻ⣬Ǻʺޱȣ·ȾѪһ㣬ѪڵؼѪǿ󣬿ƿֻͷ߼УѪڵţҲɴ˶
Ϊ̫ͣѪڵؼܳʹãһ̣űѪؼͼַһɱ
ҲǼ򵥵ļһ֪ԼַĶַ֣ǰֵΨΨŵŵ͵ַʱ򣬷һ
һĿ׼⣬ټѪⱬɱͬǸһĶ֣һҲпذ֮£Ͼذιо綾ֻҪһƤҲ·һ
һ湻յġ
һУԸַ̫ѷɫһЩַûжֻ֣߳һţͰ˹ĺһ˳ȥһַ綼ߵ̫ΪԼߵ̫һŰѺǾ̫˺ˡ
һȻûҲѺߵѪǰ߹Ƕ߶ˡ
ŴĿ˸һĨţû뵽Լ׼ľһȻַƽ⣬˫ʵϵĲ࣬ʵ̫ˣֲಢǿ͵Ϯܹƽġ


407 ٵĺ
ַһĳŵصĺߵĲ죬˵ĽŲ·һôںϣң
ЩµһһôҲûУַһǰһŲȵ˺ϣżһһ죬ͰѺȱˣһƬѪģѾһŲá
һҽУʹȥַĽţַĽţͷ·һɽһѹϣԽ󷴶Խʹ
ʹſھҪַȴڴʱһ߳кӣҽһһ󴮴Ѫݣַ˳
ζܰɣַһŲںϣԴĲڵϡ
ζ϶ܣЩ۸ûУǱ۸ʱǲͬĲܣǱѹʱǲͬľʡ
ʩˣȻܹԼԸ飬ǿѹڱϣôҲԽЩ飬ͬʩϡ
һ֪ʲôҪ֪ʲô衣
﷢ƺ˵ʲôǱַýŲס˵ַҲûϻĴ㡣
ַٴýһȣ˫˫ȫȶϣȻ˫˫ŵıȶϵĵطһָ߻˿ڣ˿ڶסֹѪ
ʵǿɺַ֮ҪúĥŻȥ
㣬ɱҰɡҽжûˣŴڳݲ˵仰
ַ˵ˣûôף˵ҪǧٱĻ㣬Ҳô򵥾ȥģҪܾ˼̣ھУãͷĺȥˣҲŻ
˾ֺ;һʹɣĥˣˡ
ַЦ˵Ҳĵһ죬㻹Ź𣿵ʱӦ𣿼ƵңŹ𣿡
ڰĵĻ棬Ȥܺ棬ڻȴӵĺڣ֪Ƶѣ˿ֲǳıӵҲˡ
ڰڵóӶˣ֪ĴɽôȥƵģںˣûŹƣƵѣˣȻҲûзŹĴ㡣
ֺڣ֪ˣαص
ڲ
Ҫкҩĺ룬һš
ĥֻһֿʼֻ֮ǰĿθˣħ磬пĥǶ˺
һ棬ֲҩˮԺܺõһʹ
ַ罫һƿĿ־ҩˮ˺
־ҩˮʹ˲ǿҵĿֲþںҩˮ֮ǰ˲п̷ʱǴУ־ҩˮЧҲᷢ
㡭Һʲôڳݲ˵ţһֺܲõĸо
ַش־ҩˮǰпĥ
ŹҰɣҿ԰ܶ飬ֻҪŹңʲôԸ㡣ధĲʹĥУȥ
Ա˿Ժ̺̣ܲܲԺͬģǶԼȴһ㣬ԼʹĥŻ֪ĥζ
ҲŹģûзŹһַ絭˵͸һ˿
ľˣЦЦᶼ˳Ц˵֪ڴ֮ǰҲҸղ󣬲ûͬ⣬ҰˣһһϾ·ӣԼĿڲȥھУʹʧȥ
ȥˬΨһϧǣôǡ顯ʬأƳôƯˣҲǿİ԰ԡ顯ʬ
ˣˣǱұģôƯһŮˣͱұˣǲǸоܷŭԶҲòˣΪұˡ
ЦЦѪǷɫ
ַȴĮĿ˺һۣǴһ˿΢Ц˵ܲ˼Ϣˣûȥļʱ˱κˣھҵĴϣǹúܿġ
һ䣬ʵ»Ҫлһ£ԭǲͬһģΪ֪ѾŮˣĳҵĴæѾӦһˡ
ⲻܡĿַ磬Ϣˡ
ⲻܵģۿŵӲĿڣѾˣʱԶˣܻšŵĴ޷ƻŵϢ
ƻţôһǶװˣô£
ܵģһַƭԼ
ƭҶԲԣһƭң֪ˣˣƭңڵ϶ܣΪˡĽΪַƭ
ַҡҡͷ˵ҪƭȷʵûڻûˣҲҪ֤Ϊǿ͹۴ڵʵʵǣƻúõĻţȴҪʹȥ
ģģʹĴ־ҩˮҩЧʼˡ
ַЦҡҡͷȥעķ񣬶ǿʼʰսĺۼ
Щ˵ʬ壬ȫַôָûʬ壬ôǵʧʧ˿ڣɱǴвͬ
Щʬȫߡ
̩Ž¥㶼зԱĻ¥һ㣬⵹Ƿַ£ַڷﵢôãϵЩѪ˵ʬ壬Ҳûб˷֡
ЩʬͬҲûб˴ߣȻЩѪ뿪ĵӣѾʬ顣
ַ罫еʬ嶼ʰеսۼҲܵĽд͵ڻʬ𼣡
һдϣַ߻ط䣬һɪɪΧĿ͸һ˿־壬·Χʲô־Ĵڡ
ֻһֻþЩþʵķںǾģ㹻ľսµ¡
Ŀ־壬ʹࡣ
ַԭĵط˸ɳȻڤ״̬Ļָ˵ľ
һܹĻ棬һԵĺĻʱķ˵ĲҽһߣַȴɳϣĬĬڤ룬ķ·ûһ졣
һһԵ÷ޱȡ
ϲҽУеѾ˻ƣѾвѪۣѪһƬҲ֪Ǳ黹ᡣ
ҩˮЧʼʧʱ˹
ѹĺ˫۵Ȼſ־ɫ
ַһָһ߻УĶͷ
㹻ˣĥôãѾ㹻ˣַһħʹࡣ
ַ߹ȥʬ뿪Ƶꡣ
̩ʧٵϢڵڶű˷ֵģͺַ޹ˡ


408 һ
鴦ϣַعʱƻڴ˯𣬲ַ֪뿪ַء
ַߵǰƵĶͷ˯еƶ˶ԸеĽëƺоַǡ
ַһЦվֱ塣
ַ֮ôŻɱһΪƱ𣬶ǽƵ
žһֻˣ˰ģַҹնɱ
˵ӱʮ겻仰ʵ֮ԣ˭Ҫֶ̱Σ˭Ըʮꣿû˻ôõģԻ̱
ַ練ϲһ仰С˱絽Ŀ𣬲ˬ졣
ҹжҲһʼı½չ
ڶ죬ȫ֪飬ַ֪͵͵뿪
ȵϴּϴϣַպŶ룬Ϊƴһĸɾ·
ԿҲ֪㴩ʲôţֻܴŵĽйҲ֪Сϲʡ˵ַȴţԼľɨ裬ȫƴµĴС·ӦǸպƴġ
һȥģллЩĽӹ·оůůġ
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Ӻƻ·¥
ַΪһ׺ɫְҵװַӡУƴְҵװζ
ƻַ۾һЦŵͷ˵۹ⲻպúʣƯ
Цʴ𣺡·ƯƯ
ַЦЦ˵Ȼˡ
ллһͷЦʵˣʲô𣿡
ַЦЦ˵˵һӺ治࣬ˣһг̶ţȥģҾȥġ
ģϲʵ
Ȼ
Һú룬춼ȥ档˵
ַЦҡҡͷѵҾг̰ſǣǵҪȰѶӸǵ緹ɻûüء
緹û·ģƲΪַѾڳȥ·ʱԹ緹ˡ
ַҡҡͷ˵ûУһԣԻûü緹·Ǵ绰͹ġ
һ򵥵һԣ˵ƵĿϣһůֻоһԼķ
𰡣ĸо𣿡ϲ̵뵽
ðȳȥ緹ɡߵַߣ󷽷סֱַۣ忿ַߣȥ
ȻƱֵĺȻ巴Ӧƭַ磬ַܹоƵ΢΢ЩӲ࣬ĺÿ찡
Ȼⷽľ飬ޣֵĺܳ죬ʵڸֻ񣬶̫ܵĶϰߡ
ַ΢΢һЦ߳˱
˳˱ַǸ˵˼ƽʱûסĴæҲûֻ߳ȥˡ
û£ɢɢá
ƿΧЩʵ˵Ĺģıͦģǵط̫ˣһסı̫˷ˡ
ַ˵ǺǣҲ˷ѵģпջסһ£Ҳŵ㣬סԼҵıס
̫ˡ˵ƵļҲǱ﷿䲻٣סȴ̫٣ƽʱصңһ̫Ŀտодһ˵
бĺãϾϾӵȻ˻ϣԼܹסϱֻסϱȴûмˡ
̺ĳȥһʤһܰĸо˼͡
۾ĿַߣԴַļϣųȥ
ҪԶŶðƵ૵˵
ַЦŵ˵õ飬̫ˣôԶȥҪ֪ǿǻкܶģ¡
ǰôû֣ǸɫǡĴַһ£Լȴ΢΢ˣҲ֪뵽ʲô˺ߵ顣
˻ˣţʮӣߵſڣڳ·ϣַѾ⳵˾˵绰Ҫ˶ãͻг⳵ˡ
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Ҳλɤ̫ˣһºĲǽַҲַܹϸȥЩ䵽ַĶˡ
ţַ簵ҡͷ¥һУ治õض࣬Ǳ࣬λڸЩ¥С㣬أﻰ˼Ҳ¶ǣǸǣΪӣʲôǿģǳһСʲô˵ģʱһӣɿǾ˵Ļʲô׬ˡ
¥һУʵҲô£ʲߣÿһӣвٵɣԽԽࡣ
ǱÿһӶǧģһӣкüɣֻҪһ׬ϼʮǺɵģϰҲûпܵ顣
ȻҲģͿԼôˡ
˵ͿʼָˣϸĳĳĳĲΪ˾˺üʵӣ˭˭˭ĲУѾûˣ˾ɲ˰¸ûӣԼˣൢˡ
һҵͬС죬׬ǮûǿɾͲûˡ
ʱ˵𼱴ٵĽŲϹҴҵ˹
˼·϶³ˡһļƣϹæǸ
ֶ³ˣڵڼζ³ˣϹҪĲɣ˵ö³ڡ
ǾĶ³ˣ·Ϸ˳һˣ˰Сʱĳҡ
ôģ㻹죬³ˣΪʲô³ôû³ٵ㻹ˣϹұ⣬ʱŭϹһŭ
˵㣬ⲻϣǲϣΪ˭ǧС㣿һУ׬Ǯͱʲô඼ҪԣʲôﶼҪܣ׬ǮֲԿ࣬ΪǮǴϵ𣿡
Ϲһ䣬Ϲɫףһſŵ
ٵһΣûôذɣбҪ˵ô


409 Ƽ
ޣ㻹˼ޣΪ˭ǧС𣿱ϼ쵼˵䣬ͿˣΪôûģίˣؼȥ
˵¥С㶼Ϲ¶ͬɫҲȴǰ¶ЦȻǺ⿴Ϲġ
Ҫ֪ϹɾһȺƯˣıȽص¥С㣬ƽʱͺܿϹ쿴ϹȻǷǳˡ
ϹʹͷһſŵоԼίˣҲҪ߰ĹټϹԸԭֱȽº͵ģԾ䣬ȻҲͲҷֻĬĬˡ
ٴһѹˣҪ˴ְĻԾ䣬ֻҧݣ̣Űɡ
ַ˽˵ǳٵʲôܺú˵ԴһŮӣ˼𣿡
˵һ㶣û뵽·ɱҧɨַһۣоЩ죬Ŷˣϴı
뵽ַס˵þòַҲΪŮӵģ˵ҲΪĺãҲΪͷأиǰ̡
Ǹ˵˻˵ַ̾˵ûˡ
ַûмᾭǿϹ˵лһˣܹ׷ҵŮѣǷһ飬ʲôҪ飬Ը˵
ַ⻰˼һǸ߱ԼϹԭ򣬶Ǹ߾ϹԼտģ鷳ǾͲҵˡ
Ҫ֪һԵ޹ʵҪһƯŮṩǺױ˲ģַһ˵˾ַ֪Ůѣַ֪ǳڸмŰϹӶԷ
Ϲм˵ллû¡
һԵľϹ˵°ϲҲ۾˵ҲˣȻ֪Ҳû鶼ǶãҲĺˣҲΪģǹ˾˲ţ˾úģԲԿ
⻰˵Ĺûʣ粵ɣλǴ˵֡
Ҹ˵𣿹ַȻתͷžͺһųžݺݵĵһۣһ۵ɹȥ׺ޱȣ·һֻϹޣס
ѽҵ谡ַݺݵһ̴ۣһתܣܵǱޱȣһһ߽УһɶĿ䵽ϣʺ򣬶ųˡ
ֻͨˣܵ־ѹַѾѹֻͷһ˿˿ϢҲ㹻ŵſ¡
žǱߣһŵôСʧڳ˶СЦ
ǲͣϹһĻҲ̲סЦ
ûõģַҲûкģֱӷˡ
⾭ȻĹ֣ǱϾû˺ϹַҲûдΪֻһţȨСʹ롣
Ц֮ϹͻȻЩǳС˵ЩСۣһǺģ»鷳ϾԺҪס
ַЦҡҡͷ˵İɣҲȥ鷳Ӧոˣﻹҵ鷳
ַĿһɨͻȻʵˣĹж٣һ𣿡
ϹҡͷЦһ򰡣нǧҪǿɣҪһӾвٵɣǱ۸ߣһҲһһףҲӵĹ˿ͶϵùϵֱҵľǶûɵġ
¥ĹʵĺҲкܴĹϵˣһķӾֵܹϰĹʣϹ׷ӣɲʮ飬ԶݹҲϧġ
һУܲȶʱʱû׼
ַ˵⹤ʾЩˣɣȥҹ˾ϰ࣬Ҫڵطֹ˾ȥܹ˾ԣн򣬽㣬һ˾ˣ׻սĺˣ˾ҲԸ㱨
ʲô˾̫ˡ
ннҲǶʮ򣬻иӽ𣬴ίʵǲˣرƽֶ߳˵ǺõðݵĴ
ַ˵˾ĴΧЩ¥С㣬˫۷⣬ĿĿַ硣
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䳲ȫģϹҲû֮һȻ֪䳲硣
ַ˵˵ǾͺãʵҵĹ˾Ƿ䳲磬ȥ䳲ϰ࣬ȻʲôԸȤ֮ʹԲԿġ
ҿڷ䳲繤ϹȵĽеоԼҪҸιȥˡ
һ绰룬ᰲĹģȥǻڱطֹ˾Լַ˵Žһ뱨ϹϹæóֻ绰
ǽɣһ¾ˣҿҲϽ߰ɣҲ˵ǸɲʲôȵӺҪǻ鷳ɾˡַЦ˵ʱҲг⳵￪Ȼеĳ⳵ˣ뿪ˡ
ллϹм˵
ټɡַ粻Ļӻ֣뿪ˡ
ַһߣЩ¥Сҽ
ģʲôʱʶﰡ
Ǿǣ˵˵ôʶģ֮ǲǡٺ١
Ϲ˶ţû˵ղһ죬ھȫˣѵġ
ҲҲ֪ңҪΪݹ˭Ըܾ
ǰǺˣˣຣˣǿɾͱˣҪܿ
У˵ӮǡϹҡҡͷЩһһԼһˣ˵ùȥһȺ˰
ҿ㻹߰ɣȻ¾ˣĻ鷳ġһԣ˺ĵѵ
ţҾˣҽһ۰ɣ͡Ϲ˵
̫Ӧˣ˭ҵݺùء
ҽ첻ԷˣҪһֱϣϳԻ
ҲǣҲǣһҪ
ԣ͵ŴѪɡ
ѪͷѪ˭˭Ϲһ۽ǵۣΪЦ
⳵ϣַ˵Ϲ飬֪ʼĩ
˵ԭӦú˵һµģҲøлһ
ַ˵´ΰɣԺеǻᡣ
ðɣ´ټٺúøлƵ˵ͷ
ַʵʲô
룬˵ˣȥร·ɡ
Уʦȥร·ꡣ
߷˾ӦһŶร·ȥ


410 Ƶ߻
רζŨζɿڣڵؿһƽʱͰ;Ͳˡ
Ȼãʱ㣬Ȼ˰Ŀˡ
һ̾˵Ŀ⣬ǲŮҲ͵͵ɨһۣĿһ˿ʡ
ƯŮˣƽʱѵһһ֣˵ע⡣
ַƵߣҲմĹ⣬ҲĿַϣڰ²⣬֮䣬ʲôϵ
ҪƳһַθڴҪ
ζĲַ֮㣬ζ
ַһһ£˵ÿƵô
ƺʵôͻȻ뵽Ƶꣿ
ַ˿Ƶ뷨ֻҪ̫ˣæ
Ϊʲô룬һǲҵ׬ǮϾ˶ҪԷģÿ춼ҪԷҵǲԴġ
ڶַʳζԼĶƣ½ķḻΪַľƵҵṩ˳Դ½ṩʳģʹþƵ괦¢ϵλԺΪַ˵ĲƸ
ַûϸ˵ԭ򣬲˵һЩʳģЩʳĲζãһűβĹЧҿƵĻǾ׬Ǯġ
ļٵģƾɵʵ
ȻˣûҪƭ㡣ַЦ
Ƽһֻҧһںе֭Ż˵Ƶҵ񣬵Ҳ鷳ҵ֮һҪƵĻ鷳»治٣ҪģʳζֻҪζãƵ꣬϶׬Ǯġ
ƶοƵ֪Ҳ̫࣬˵һЩԼ뷨
һ߳һ̸ƵĿܣȻô˳
ƵҪģһǷ񣬶ζֻҪץס㣬֤׬ǮرζǾƵĺꡣ
ζҪα֤أ漰㣬һǳʦʳġ
ʦҪԾͲ˵ˣʳĵҪҲǲԶġνɸΪ֮ٺãûкõĲϣҲζȡ
ʳķ棬ַԼƣԴһ㶼ģĵĻǳʦա
˵ʦͲòˣַ˵Ƶ飬ҲΪ⡣
ҵǰʵǹŴĻʼ䣬ҵĵ
ҲˣҺһĹŲһ书֮࣬ҲԼĳգǵ书ԭǴӳϣչ
ҵԻ͹˵ڻʹڣҲ˼ȨƵĲȣܶλʵ۵ϲֻǺ͢䣬ܵǣűʹ䡣
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˵⸽ûУҪҪƳ̳ȥˣɣѸպÿһ4s꣬ȥ
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ƣͷŹɣҲռ˴ˡַԼǮνܴҲˡ
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Ǻǣ뿴ʲôγܳʵ
γɡַ绹ϲγʿ
γû⣬ʲôеĳûС
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⳵ŲܴʲôַָԼеγ˵
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412 Цӭ
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413 һ
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һǴ㣬տĵٷ䣬ͽһ㴦ϣȻƣƬ̼ƮǴеζ
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óԣζһַĴָ޵
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תȴ˲飬ԭſͣҲϣҪǰ壬Ҳȵվ
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ܵĽսԶ˶ַĶַ֣̱ɾһƬˣڵء
ס֣ס֡żˣû뵽ַ˵һǰȻǲһ
ַȴû֣ͣǼ⣬µһһųͣ֡


414 
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ǽ鷳Ǻǣǰ˵ЦҴ˿̣鷳⣬»Ҳڶ鷳Ц˵ַʵȷ˾ַ֣ΪҲŭ˴ſˣźԼú˵ǳڴҵǴ˿̶ַȻŭ
ַǵŭӶ̵˵ĻƺЩ󰡣ҾЩˣȻҵĽôӲΪʲôѪڴʱȴͷڹ꣬Ͳҳͷ˵ҲС鷳Ѫڣ֮
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ҵĿģ֪ҵĳһҴ㿪¥ϣܹҺͬ׬ǮȻΪܹĵΪ£ҵĺ֮ǣȻҲ
ҲиղСС¶һ֣Ҫֲźá
ǵüͷַĿһ˿ɻֻҳʦģĿʲôԸѪ
ӭǵĿ⣬ַ˵ôˣҵ
΢΢һҡͷͻȻʵѾ쾳磿
˵ַ˵ͷַʵħʿ磬ɵ˵Ҳ˵쾳硣
ԭˣѹˡﰵ˵
쾳֪߾磬ԭҲ쾳ĸȻ֪쾳ߵַľͳΪһߣǱҲˣڵʵޱǿ
쾳ĸ֣ܹԸӵҲͲˡ
ַܹһ㣬ҲַȻᣬʵȴǿУӦҲǿĴڡ
ַʵܹӻҡ
ȻССƽУڽߣвԹģȻҲͺͲŲ˳ԹΪ֮һЩҿֵķϣҲҵ鷳һ£ʧȥֵıӻ̾ҵ˳ҵı
кҳԹȽľѪˣ˵ѪڵĳԹһйϵҲһϻˣֻѪȻǵϻʱҪҵ鷳
ҵһ£ѪڹȻ
ʧȥֱӻңȻʵǿ󣬵켶֣Ҳǲ٣ǺѪһȣǾͲˣѪҪҪҵ鷳ҾԲѪڵĶ֡
ҲΣ֮
Ѿڿеĵʧ
ַ粻˵ӣƷǰζǡ
Ƭ̧̺ͷʵʲô
ַ¿ӣ˵֮䣬ʵкܶԺĵط˵ǻݻҲ˵ռҵıˡ
Ȳŷȵһ㣬Ҫҵ֧֣Ҫҵ֧֣һռҵĴˡ
Ϊ˵Ķǲԡ
ַ磬һ˵ռ˱ˣôҪΪʲô
ַ˵ҸղѾ˵ˣܼ򵥣ֻҪΪҵľƵʦͿˣҪҵľƵ꿪ϱߵģܳԵԼҿɿڵķˡ
һü˵θڿ治СҪƵ꿪ϱɲһ׵飬Ǹصţ¾Ͳˡ
ַЦͲͷˣֻΪṩʦͿˣµ飬Ȼᴦ׵ʲô˸ҵ鷳ȻҲһе
ϻ˵ĺãַҪԼϣɾˣʱҲɲˡ
ܸоûô򵥣ҵΣüޣûǿԮ˰ңȻᱻţ˥ȴģɲλһ֮Ը⿴顣
룬ȶȹǰѹ˵˵ͷ˵ҿȫӦ
ǾûˣھϸڣҲһ̸ַ˵
ַͻȻʲôЦ˵ˣﻹһϢ͸ǡ
ŶʲôϢʵ
ѪѾƽе飬ӦģѪ뿪Ϣȴδ֪ˡַЦ
ǳԾʵʲôѪѾ뿪ƽˣⲻܰɣϢǴġ
ַ֣ص˵ҿԱ֤ϢǧȷΪ԰ѪڵģԾԲм١
һ䣬ʶǰ˿ɲʲôŮǻɱ˵ǿߣǲ׵ġ
һݣȷʵ˼ǣЩѪڵˣɱˡ
Ǻǡַ絭ЦЦȲ˵ǣҲ˵ǣֻǿַɫȴµĳַѾԼһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ˣڲڣƵı㣬ַ˵
Ȼû⡣Ҳʲô£˰š
俴ƵʱһȻ˵С췢飬ΪĽû鿴Ҳ֪ʲô飬ƺַԼǰ̴һ
Ů˴һ̾ͰַһߣԼԺͱ˵ȥˣַЦҡҡͷֻһԵɳ£óֻ


415 
ҳҹѾˡ
ַ翪ֻص̺
صƱʵǽĶǻ𣿿óҿ
˽֣˲ٶЩַʹôָ˹ֵʱ򣬶ֿտգƶԴͺ治ѣǴ֮ͥ£ѯʣһ̵ֱڣŽ˳
㿴Ƕ𣿡ַſǽһָһתͷȻֽĴСȫķڽ
ôģͻģƾȵ˵
ղſǵӰ𣿡ַЦʵ
ףղǿյأ˵Щƾղųֵģ죬˵˵ôһġȲʵ̫ˡ
ַЦЦǣƵɳ˵һЩδ֪ѧҽ֮ΪȻĹ䣬ҲԳ֮ΪȻһ֣ҲһֳȻ
Щˣȴ֮ΪܣˣΪĲͬзҲͬܵĽߣıߣ࣬ǵͳƣ򱻽ߡ
һߣҲһߡ
ҵ⣬ҲܸӣһǿռҿԽƷУӶɵʹ䴢ЩƷӦҲӴƵС˵Խһִռ䡣
㿴ַ翪ʼչʾԼһƷһƷʧȻַһ֣Ƕֳԭء
ƾ̾˵
ʵϣⲢʲôռǵĴָĹܣַָֻ˵̫Ҫַûкκ˵£ԼŮˣҲˡ
ôģҿѧ𣿡ʵ
ַ룬ֻźҡҡͷ˵Ŀǰ治˵ͨǿԴѧϰģһ㶼ģҪڻûоһֱڹע£һ죬Ҳ
һҲûϣȥˡ
ַȴ˵ȻûܵķȷһЩܹĶʹøǿ׳Ҹ
绹ֶʲôƱַ˵ȫס
һЩҩˮַڲ輸ϻ輸̶˾ƿССҩˮ
𣿡ƿ輸ϵһƿƿССҩˮ
ԣǣֻҪǣͿճյַ˵ţֽЩҩˮʹ÷˵һ顣
ַ£ư˵Ҫ󣬽Щҩˮһһá
ҩˮʼٵķЧԵĸоֻı仯
ַưɳӶõҩˮЧַԼڤȥˡ
ˮۣˣħڤ룬ַ춼Ҫ顣
СʱַоʱѾˣȥ鿴Ƶı仯ַתͷһȴѾɳ˯ˣһĴ
Ĺֺ͹Ȼǰۻˣһ˯ˡ
ַЦҡҡͷɨƵ壬鿴һ飬֪ѾҩˮЧȫգŷĵջؾ
ַ罫Ʊ𣬽ҵĴķƽӸǺá
˵ַѾͬӹҹ˴ʼնǹؾأַûƣҲѵˡ
ǲַʲô˼ɣޱ䣬ҪΪַ粻ΪԼ˺
Ҫǣҹƶַ˯ţַ֣ҲҲᰡ
ַ罫ӸǺãЦҡҡͷ
ַҵĿյϣͷһս磬ַսٴ
սĺöСʱ͵ǧСʱܻѧϰ֪ʶѵѡ
սȻûκεĹչֵȴһ䣬ַҪ֮һ
Сʱַս
ֻǹСʱַȴУϢǧСʱٻصʵ֮УʱһĸоƵĿҲΪ֮һ䣬ӡУҪûпˡ
ַҡͷǽսĺ֢ÿνս綼ʱմλĸоַԴѾ˾ռߣҲû̫Ծ
ַѾǳϤ½ڤ룬ʮӵڤַ֮罫Լ״ָֻ̬ԭ״
ַȴԳһĨ˷ܵɫεĲоϣоһЩɾ͡
ЩķսеоȻսɹˣʵкձϾЩַҲұ֤ʵУһҲܳɹ
ǳɹļʣӦûڰ˾ųҵģ൱ߡ
ַʱѾ˷ܵ˯žˣҲ˯ˣ߳ȥҶ鷿ãһһĽռ׼ʱĸֲ˳
ЩЩرǹ½ֵħħһЩĲҩ
ҪϣЩĲϴ󲿷ֶѾڵϾˣҲǵ磬Ѿûܹҩԭ
϶ûˣôܹ
ַȴ˼룬뵽˲
ʵ乲ͨԵģϵʣ͹½ʣĳЩʱҲ߱ͬĹԣΪͬĹԣ֮䣬໥档
Ϊˣ½Ҳˣߵ֮䣬ڲͬ磬ͬĿռ䣬˫֮䣬ȴлͬҲһӣۣѪ͵ȷ棬ҲǴͬ
ַ͵͵ù½Ѫ򵥵ѪҺ⣬ȻֻǼ򵥵ѪҺ⣬ȴҲ֪½ѪҺ͵ѪҺʵаٷ֮ʮŵֻͬмΪ΢СĲͬ
˫Ĺͨԡ
ˣֲҲˡ
ַһ뷨ʼо½ĸʵԺ;ȻǵԺ;ǴĳЩҩͿʯĴڣӶ䵱ĲϣܹƵҩ
ַо֮
ַо֮սѾóɹͲ֪ʵУǲҲܹͬЧ
еĲϣַǰһַźãַ翪ʼЩϣгļӹ
ЩӹַҲһ㣬ǸݹŴʿطٽħʦħӶоһȫַ
ȫµַҪǽħĻϣϾַħʦħó
ַ翪ʼʩչħϣᴿоʣǷֽгԱвϴһ飬ͻַһСʱ֮á
ȻҲַйϵַĶˣٶȻҲͻһЩ
ѾϣԿʼˡ


416 ׵
׼ȫԿʼƵҩˡ
һܸӵḶ́еĻֻ֮Ҫеİأȴܹʹ÷ǳ򵥡
ַ翪ʼˣַҲóһֻߣһֻԼƵ¯
ֻ¯ɶֲƶɣлħģ߱ħЧӦ
Ŵ¯ַûȥŪˣֻԼһá
ʿԼĵģַûʹò˵ֻʹħ档
ħڱϻЩħɵĵҩûеƵĵҩЧãַȴɿôˡ
ʼַ缤棬һŻַз¯ڻ£¯ڵ¶Ѹ
ַ翪ʼηֲϣϵķǳؼˣʧܣпܻ¯ıը
ַս;εıըַľĵá
Ϸ֮󣬲Ǿʹ£ÿ뼸ֲϣַͻ¯еĲϣǲᴿǲںϣǲϷֽ⡣
ʱҪĹ̵ģַʹò˵к͵ȵħЩϽиơ
ַսڣѾεʵ飬Ѿյ൱죬Ľ
ַĿ£¯еĸֲϲںĻһŨŨĵҺ˿̾͵յĽ׶ˡ
յҲҪרŵյַ粻յֻ辶Լյķ
յİأֻ¯ϣ¯һ΢͵ķϵħͨħļڵ¯ڲϰٵ΢磬ЩὫҺתӶתһſŵĵҩתĹУҩûԲÿһŶСһҵҺĸҲת£ȴȵҩ͵ʱ򣬵Һָ¶ȣüӲ͡
ַǰ¯˵һＤ¯ڵ磬ĵҺת£ΪһſŵĺɫľӨҩ
󹦸ɣɹ
ַһҲ¶˷ܵɫ
ַһʵУɵҩ
ҩѾɣҩЧôҪ顣
ַľڵ¯һɨһ¯ҩһƳʮ߿ŵҩٲĹУϵˣյУһֵҩٻֻʮ߿ŵҩ
ַһʵڲٷ滹ǷȱȵַϤе裬ɵĵҩһЩҩЧҲһЩ
ʮ߿ŵҩͨҩǳһֽᾧ״·һſžӨĺ챦ʯӡ
ַ罫һŵҩУɺɫıʯҩУֳֳһĴչʾּӲ
ַ缸ñȥʣѾŵһɵҩ㣬ǵҩеζ
յļأŵҩг׵һԵ˵ҩڸԵˣЧ
׵Ҳŵҩ֮һףַѡ׵ΪԼŵҩ
Щ׵ЧȴҪһԣ֪Чˡ
ЩҩӦȥ˭ԳأҪǰ˳ô죿
ַ粻ɱˣˣԵ޹ʰ˶飬ġ
ŶˣһطպÿЩҩ
ַһ뵽һҩĺõط΢΢һЦ㽫ҩȫ
ַ翴ʱ䣬賿ĵˣ㽫жռȻصңƵ
ӦַЩˣһ˯ñȽϳһֱ˯ʮ㣬űƽѡ
𴲡ַıӣַѡ
ַ۾ŹǷʵڼˡ
ʮˣ㻹𴲡˵ַǰԽԽչԼɰһ档
ȵַϴ£Ѿڿ׼͡
ڵʱ˵Ҳȫˣ˵һˡ
ñĲģζһ㣬ʤַٰܰͣҲǳԵĽζ
ַԵ̻ʣЦ۾
оôַ翴ƣʵ
оüˣһôõĶΪʲô֮ǰøңƲ˵
ַ΢Ц˵ҵĴС㣬νˮ֮ǰֲҵˣôܸôҩˮѾҵˣȻõĶ
컬ࡣƲмƫͷȥȴ̲סЦ
ַЦЦԼ͡
Ƭ̣Ʊ̲סʵǸҩˮôģܶãǻɳˣ
ʱƾͷ˷Լϵ仯ڴľˣļ䣬ԹĿЧΪַṩҩˮ
ЩҩˮЧʵ̫ˡ
ַ룬м򵥵˵һ£˵ҩˮպܸӣеòϣϧޱȣֻеΣյĵطֲϣϲ̫࣬еҩˮҵС
˵õ⣬ҲǲܵģΪгܼ޵ģֻͨÿҩˮƿҲǺȾƿҩˮټҩˮϲЧˣΪǱѾϣøǿߵľ磬ĻǺٶҩˮҲûЧ
߾֮󣬺ֵ͵ȵҩˮѾûЧӦȼҩˮܲЧ
ԭҲ˵Һȵҩˮǵȼͼҩˮ˼ʵ
ô˵ַ˵ͷ
ҩˮ㻹ܸܲҵĸĸҲһЩȴ뵽Լĵܵú͸ĸ˫ס
ţɡַ˵㸸ĸ붼ڼбķźţ󲻴ҲûйϵڼҲ޹ؽҪ͸ˣһƿҩˮǿǵ״
һ̫鷳ҲǵĽա
ܵãҩˮÿһƿɣͻСͻȻ̫ǿǵķչҲ˵ע⡣
ҩˮÿֺһƿȿǿǵֲ̫ԣӦǸѡô
ллƵл˵
ַ翴ƣЦ˵Ӧģ˭ǽء
ЦȻĬַ˵
ˣʲô㣿ַʵ
㣿Ҳ֪ô㡣ƻҡҡͷϻһãȻ
ûʲôΪ°ɣҹ˾ܣҲʱ򣬰ҹ˾ַ˵
áƵͷܸɴľʹӦ
㶼ҹ˾һʲôʹӦˣ㲻Ƥ˾Ƶĸɴַ࣬ЩȻˡ
ַ˵һЦ˵ʲôÿǵģ㶼ϹˣҰԼϹ˾Ҫ𣿡
˵ˣǮӹܺˣԺҲǮҿԺôҺ꾫


417 ƻ
ַֻͻȻʱ
ַһ룬ġ
ȻַͨонǾƣӦޣʹֻͨѶĸ㡣
ιʲô¡ַ绰ʵ
绰˵ϰ壬ƻѾ׼ǲڿʼִС
ַ翴˶һۣŵ˵ʼɡ
ǣʼִСƻ
νƻָľƲƻΪνļ棬ƳѪڣַǲŹǵģǿƵķϣ⣬ģҪǼƲӶңǡƻ
ƻĹؼҵһϵҵͲƸܣЩܶѾַգټĵԲӴʽ֧֣ʹһƻִУõı֤
ʱ˿̣ƻȻûпʼȴѾһƬ֮С
ô᲻ˣⲻܣ˭͵ߵģ
ͬҵǼ鷿ͬҵĺĳԱǺһǰȣȻͷǳأ·һƬƣѹ˵ͷ
ΪҲڼֵڵĲƱȻˣЩƱֻڳôҺĳԱ֪ı䣬ͬʱҪԿף룬ָƣܿԿףָƣֱƿأԿ䣬ͬʱҪ˽вſԴ򿪡
ܲĵƣǶɽʱԱķǳܣ˵һĻǲᶪġ
ǡǡܵı䣬Ȼˣ𣬵еľ޶ﶼʧһգͬʱʧĻҷе˱Ҳټù飬ĳĳ̻¸ĳĳԱļأҪ֤ݣͬҲʧˡ
ڽŷֶʧԵģʧɫ̽˽˻ҿλ顣
Ǻú룬ǲʲô
ʲôһֱǺúñܵģҪ˲ܿڶȴˣʲô°
©ƫҹ꣬ԭʽȱľǮȻҲûˣǲҪҡ
˵ʲôƨֻ쵰ΪģүʲôƨĹϵ
ֵ֮ǲǱʲôҪңǲǸڱĹ
˵Щʲôã취ôѹضɹȥ
˵Ǳôѹˣ룬ôǮ̳ҳһܰɣ̩ŵˣѾҲˣҴ˺̩ܹ˾ĵ绰ԷǿӲ˵Ҫˣû˺̩ŵעʣǹ˾϶군ǻûʣ黹ת徵֮ǰӦΪԼ°úÿˡ
ڳ̶Ĭƺ飬˵Ŀˡ
ʵϣҲˣڵɲ̫ãʽѣ˾ԭעʵĺ̩ͻȻԣҪˣټȥ˾ܻܿƲľ
һ˾ƲǾʲôûˡ
˾ŪǮ
绹֪ǵ˾ĹƱǮ͵͵ƱۣҽͷȫѺȥӦûŪڣʱҪץˣһ֪ǵ飬˵ˣܲܲ˵
ֻŪڣôô٣ǹ˾ǲͳ˵ģ˾ֵʮڣôڻô٣
ɩڹ˾ˣܶǮòˣҶ̫࣬ᱻ֪ģڲ֪£ܹڣѾ൱ˡ
ĽͣڳǳĳĬ
ڵʽƲ٣Ҽͥһ֣ÿҲͷֵǧѡ
ǧܶһ㶼࣬˹⣬㷿ӣӣðһҵǧͻˣԼǧ򣬶˵һҲࡣ
һ뵽ñȽϡ׾ݡ˾ͲôԸˡ



ʱ򣬵绰
˼ҽµ绰
ʲô˾˻ϵǮˣתˣ˭ģôתߣ
Σ
Σ
Σ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
绰鷿ﲻϵֻϢϽ
ǹ˾˻ϵǧĻʽɣǹ˾ƱȫۣҹƱ֮õʽȴȥ
ƱͻȻۣ˹˾ڶע⣬˷ǳõӦѾСϢҪ군˾ҪƲƱҪֵǮˣֹ˿ʼеĹƱҵĹƱһµ·ˮһ㣬۸˹ȵס
Ƭʱ䣬ҵĲƸˮ֮һһڲˮ
˾͵˰©˰飬ͻȻϹ˰Ѿ鹫˾˱˹ؼԵ֤ݣ˰һ飬˾ҲҪһڡ
ʱ˾ʽѾѣ˰Ȩ鹫˾ƲԲƲеѺ
Ǯ⣬ҹ˾ˣҪзΣһҪεġ
ʱҲӦù˾ждͨ£Ҳ⽫ǮЩչǱĴ˾Ӷ÷Ϣ֧ǵ˾ĲѵʱҲǵһĹ˾
ջسɱһźܴƣΪڴʱͨеѺһԷоͻջЩѺƷ
ҴлõĴ´ңᱻߡ
ӵ绰ȫˣͬʱðһͷ군ˡ
ǸղŻȡʽӣǸղŻԥǲӦ÷ңӳ⡣
һжѾˣȡʽҲײˣƱ군ˣʽûˣصĲҲ͵ˣ·ҲѾ߲ͨˣΪûǮˡ
ôôģһȫŵģ
ܵģܵģһڿЦҼҴҵʲʮڣԱǧˣôܻᵹ¡
ѰɣѰɣ군ˣ취취ɡ
취ʲô취ģ군ˣˡ
ˣô˰ץһεģҪεġ
˵ˣһǷ˱ôǮһǻǮô죿ǿûǮǻ᲻Ըǰ
侲㣬侲㣬˭ٳ͸ҹȥ
磬˵ɣǸô죿
ãǾ˵Ѿ군ˣǲһҪӳȥֻҪ˹ǾͻжɽĻᡣ
ǶҰţҸϽѼ˶ӹͷֵǮĶҲȫãҴһգӦûŪȥϺΣ·ӿԳȳȥˣ취
磬ҼСӳȥˣôð
ôԼŰɣҪߣҪˡ
˲ˡ
Ҷһ㣬һСʱＯϡ
ҵжĺغСģǺܿģǵжǱַϤ


418 Ӱ
Ҫˣ
ǵϰ壬ȻѾûǮˣµʽҲˣ˽˻ЩǮģǼϵЩǮ׼ӡ
ϰ壬ҪҪǽأ
ַȴûлش⣬ߵơ
ַ򵥵˵йҵʱ֮ƶʱһû뵽ַĶô죬Ȼ˵˵ҪңҹȻ군ˡ
룬ʱȷ޲˲źã侲ȴҲûôˣϾô˵ҲݣõýãҵˣýãƵĹϵ㲻ҲԸ⿴Щ޹Ľܴǣ
ƶʱЩΪˣַ磬ѯַ
ҸĸѡɣǷȥǡ
һǷǳǻ𣬲ȥǵǵĵز˾ҲûˣҲõӦõĳͷ
ڶǵȵǳ֮˰ǵǮȫߣ磬ȴ޷ģԤǵ״ᱯҵʲôزʱ򣬿ڵˡ
ǰȻ󣬾Ͳȥˣôô
ĸͬĽأǻе飬һǱһУǲȥΣҲȥǮǱͨˣع˵һֻܿԼˡ
ĸѡǰȽϼ򵥣һͻ鷳һЩ֧ѡ񣬲ô˵˵û⡣
лл㣬ҡҪúһ롣ҧ촽ԥ
Ƭ̺Ѿ˾ƶַ˵ַ磬ǻɣǹͨ˵ǻõѡ񡣡
ãû⡣ַͷֻ´Ӧ˵ˣҲڴˣ˾
ڴæ׼ܵҲ󲻵Լ˵ƻֻһЦѣǵˣͱȷ
ջûгɹߣԼļſڣ˰©˰
ˣһҲûߣһˡ
飬ַ綯Խȫв
Ĳ£ƲҵĹ˾缯ȫչͬʱչģҵڶծҲˣ˲ٳеծ⣬Щ˰Ҳڵ֮ͻȻһϵĽҲû˰©˰ˡ
Ϊû˰©˰ȻҲͲõ˰ˡ
ˣȫû䣬һĲֵ⵰
Ƶĸ׿ۣӼЩֵܽǣûͷ
ȻҲûи̫õĴΪѾ͸ĸ̹֮ǰ飬Ҳ֪Լֵܽĺ£Ҫǿ˵ķϣŲǵء
ԣǽӼǣȴҲûи̫õĴѾǶԵˡ
Ծòдģ㿴⡣
ȻЩڼģڻû
ʱַƣصƵļ͡
ַ֪ҪƵĸĸϲ⣬ǿͰַ統׼Ůˣַ֮ûϢַţҲ˵ַ硣
ɰѶϸżģûа취ҲֻţҲ˶ϵĲ
ںˣַˣһԴģ˻ǣ֣̬ǵĻġ
öĻŭţºˣŮҪԼ޳ȥˡ
ĸڳæµַڿġ
п˵ַ簡ҿҪúлл㣬ҪƣһҪϣһӣεĸо治ܰǿ˫·̹
ַ˵˵ллǾͲӦˣΪСӦ顣
Цúúãͷ˵ˣһ£Գһ
ȾҪưַȰ˵
һöһͿôԴˣƹ
ǺǣһϣһĺܲģΪҵġЦ˵
ţͻȻЦеʵַ簡ǼƣҲϴСˣ˽νŮ˾ͲˣŻ껪ʱ򣬾ٰ񣬾Ͳ֪ƣһʲô㣬Ǵʲôʱ鰡
ַ룬˵ҺͶϣ϶ҪģҲˣҵҵչڣȽ϶࣬ҲȽæҪǽĻᵢҵҵϵãھٰҲᵢƣҺˣǴڽ飬ڣҪʱپ
ҲãԼ뷨Ҳ㣬ܺáͷҲǽַ˵
ʱ䲻㳤Ҳ̣ȻЩƣ˵飬ЩĸҲöӸԤ
ھԼŮ˳˳ļ޳ȥܹ㱧һ˳ͺãɡ
ַ룬ҵʱ򣬻Ӧúͨͨģ򵥵Ľҵ˵һ£йҳƵ飬ûж˵Ͼˣ飬ֻ˵ʡ
ַ˵ҵ飬Ҳֻεҡҡͷ̾˵ȻҲҵһӣǰҾͱżˣĻҺҲ⹺ñͼסһ𡣡
˵£ɫҲ
ַҲ֪ӦôοϾ飬̫ˣƺô˵ǲԵģˣ飬ҲֻԼˡ
Ƭ̺ĸŮ˽ãһϤĳһ͡
ַ˵˲ĸ׼ƵҵĹ˾£ǿ𣿡
Ǻ°ȻˡĸģæӦ
Ƽ޳ȥˣѣȥͷһ񰡡
˵ǵַ繫˾ȥˣֱסַȥĸҲԸģǣ浽һԱز٣ҵŮҲˣеĶһҲ١
Ȼ£ĸǲĵģΪַ粻ȱǸǮŮίġ
ַ֣˰Сʱĸ˵һỰ͸뿪ˣַ뿪
ʲôʱߣ𣿡ЩĲɵ˵
ַѾ˵ˣƽ̫ãߣϣʱܺһߣû̴Ӧ˵ǿǡ
ַ˵ߵģ˵⣬Ҫ鴦ϣ뿪Ҫˡ
ʲô飿𣿡ƶʱ
ûʲô£ϵһЩףԷĴŻƽУҪȥӴһ¡ַЦЦƺСһ
ˣҺ˵飬㿼ǵôˣһȥ𣿡
룬˵룬һǲȥ˰ɣڼң㸸ĸȻȥϰࡣ
УͰ˵İ졣ַ˵ͷ
ȥɣҹˣСַ籧һ£ſ
ҲСһ㡣Ƶһ죬͵͵˿ԼҵıȻַһ£ת˻ȥ
ַЦҡҡͷóֻ˵绰
Ӱӵˡ


419 
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绰˵ӰĿǰ̩УѾ̩еĺƵס⣬Ԥ콫ᵽƽУ嵽ʱ䣬Ŀǰ޷ơ
סˣʲôл㱨
ϰ塣
⣬հɡ
õϰ塣
νӰӣָһţĴŻַԷȡá
ӰӵĴԴӰʥڹϵ޴½ϣֹһӵ࣬ԲٿԼӰӣԼӰΪԼս
һӵӰ࣬ƽжַһﰲһţ־ͽӰӡ
һΣӰԼһģûдκ£εĻĹȻһ룬һԽҰʼԼԼ֮á
ΪһߣӰӽ뻪ĵʱ򣬾ͱע⵽ˣѾĵĸӰӣǺȻӰҲ֪£ֵķǳƸ뷭룬ԼΣһк񶼺һ
Ϊ˸ʵһЩӰӻڻĸֻʱ򣬻𽥵ĳƽеķпڵ̩žͻᵽƽˡ
ӰӵΪ̫ˣԼεһģһѾ˶ļӣҲ˻Ӱӵж̶ܴϣѾ˹ļء
Ҳûа취飬ôһ֣Ҫĵȴô̫飬ڵȥˣǲ˷Դ޵Դڵϡ
ˣַȴûзɣΪַ֪ĿģĿģַ£հȡ
հȵĸ׺Ӱͬ壬ǷֱƿеرӰʥ񣬵Ӱʥ񼯺ϵһʱ򣬾ͻγһԿףһܹӰʥԿס
д˵ӰʥУռǵȺֵ֮ʱ򣬿ԴӰʥӰʥӶˣӰʥĴ򿪣ҲͬʱԼһǾԲӰʥġ
ǲ˶д˵ȴӰʥеİأͼӰʥհȵĸףΪֹ£ΪӰӵļһɱհȴӰʥˡ
գհΪʹӰʥӶӰʥʱ򣬱ȥòҲ˻Ӱӵ
ӵӰˣǻ໥оԷĴڵģӰΪ˻Ӱʥ񣬴ӶѰհȣҵϣ׷ѰĲհȵķλ
ַ˵ģҪС鷳ָľӰˡ
ȻûмӰӣַԼʵǳţҲûа̫ϣ͵ӰӰնɱ
ַͷٹע£صְĵԼ顣
ڤСʱħȻСʱսʱ䣬һУСʱѾȥˣڴڼ䣬հȺʹά˹ˣַڱס£ȻԼ顣
ڶ죬ַȥȥ
ַͻȻ֣ƴһַϵİȴҲƱܰ
Ȼֻ¼ͨһ飬е⣬ů顣
첻ˣҵҪҪȥдַǸ˵
ȥæɣֲСӣŵġЦ˵
ˡַЦŵͷƵĿ£תȥ
һֱַȥһֱ˲ջĿ⣬ĿҸ
Ӱӵˡַͳֻ˵绰
ϰ˵ʮ֣Ӱӿ뿪̩Ѿ㵴ɽȥĿĲ
ȥ㵴ɽˣһʲôãˣú׽ԲˣҲȥ㵴ɽעһ
ϰ塣
ַά˹˵绰
Сʱ󣬴ά˹ͺַͣǰ
հȴźɫĳȹͷɫĴñӣñӱԵкʵĺɴհȵòȫڸ
հȻ֮òʵ̫ˣĻһţͻŻһȺˡ
ַ򿪺ţں
ܶϲԿϲֿĸоҲ˶ԿðȤ
ַںߣԿȤ̫ϲϲɽγٱУԼȴĵڳڣ棬˯˯뷢ͷܡ
ڽγдά˹ʻַںϣóֻںֻȻĪܰ
ַһȴţǸøԼҸרְ˾ˣרְ˾Ժ󿪳ԼǸöˬ
ڴά˹Ŀ£ͺƽȶٵǰСʱѾӽ㵴ɽ
һֱַ籣绰ͨѶһСʱǰӰӽ㵴ɽˣʧȥӰӵϢ
ûйϵ˴ʱ˫λãѾԷסˡ
Էܹ֪հѾհͬҲ֪Է㵴ɽС
ͺɽͣҲŽ㵴ɽ
Ըо𣿡ַʵ
ԣһֱߣͿ׷հָһ˵
ҸоЩ֣վﲻˡհɳƵһ˿ɻ
ַȴЩˣЦЦ˵ԷѾڵˣҲ߰ɣǵĿ˾õˡ
հ˵ķ򻺻ǰַ绹;ķ羰
㵴ɽԭһ羰ʤΧķ羰Ȼǲˣ;вľۣɹ·͡
һСʱ·֮˽ؽһƫƧɽ·հʱ˵ܽˣǰ档
Ǽ˵ԵʣհȵŲ
־ʮӵ·̣˷Źһɽͷǰģһɽƽ̨ƽ̨һʯһŷµӣվھʯϡ
Ӵŷ£ԵúܸݣϴźӣµĲɣƤԳһɫȻǰˣǻˣȻȻǻˣòҲ֡
ӣհȵ嶼
𣿡ַʵ
ǡհҧгݡ
ҲַˣĹƣҲЦ˵˾ʲôǵıԣַûֻܽѯʵĿ⿴հȡ
հšȭͷɳƵ˵˵û뵽Ļ׷⵹ʡˣǵٶ̫ˣ̫ȵ̫ãá
һܿ񰡣йӰʥӰʥ飬˵ǲ˵ַ˵
հȵͷñ
ȴĺһȻ˵˾ʲô
һ˵ʲôַо˵ʲôû
հȷ˵Ƕˣûʲô˵ģɱˣȻӰӵ
ַüͷԭָܴӶԷ֪һЩйӰʥӰʥϢģڿȥϣˡ
ڴ߶ԷȴҲ׵飬ͨЧǿǶЩ˵ȴЧ
˲˵Ͳ˵ɣհȵֲֻһ˵˿ȥұʣһѾûлŵļֵˡ
ʯϵķйЦЦ˵ʲôʱֶַ̧һָһĶͷһţĶͷϣ̶һѪ
ӵıΪ֮һȻӾʯϵ


420 ŵ͵
ַ̧һָһ㡣
һָһ̴ָŷâּֿ죬˲͵˷ӵǰ
ɫ֣ȻһӰǰķִ̫ˣǵȴ̫ǿˣⶴǰĺӰĶͷĶ䣬һѪ
һɱ
ħΧСȴӵױȵǿ͸ƻνǿĵħ֮һַħ֮һֱսħħãѾڴɣĿǰѾܹ˲ߡ
ӵʵҲ㲻SҲһַ֮׼ߣҲֻ޻Ȫ
ڳǰַѾʹհȵհҲ֪Լǳ˵Ķ֣ǲֱ𣬲ûַ̫ɱ˳ˣҲǱˣַ˼ɵĽԷɱ
ӰӵʵӦûհȸߣҲߵȥϾǶͬһַհȵһӰӵԶԴ˲棬һ²һ£ֱӽɱˡ
ַһӵʬַ̱ľƮ˹
ϵĶһһ˳Ưַǰ
ڶƷУһźɫʯͷַĸ߶ע⣬ΪźɫʯͷӰʥ
ӰʥȻʥ֣ǲʲô񣬶һɫʯͷʯͷȴԼԼһӰӵԲŽӰʥ
ȻӰʥԭβ޶ϵҪΪԭӰӵ
ַ罫ӰʥõУַһοӰʥ
հȻҲӰʥ񣬵ǿӰʥеѾַգȻǲܺӰʥȽϵġ
ӰʥҲַеĿ֮һ
˵ʵҪǽӰʥϣַΪ˵õӰʥ񣬻ôɱַľϣӰʥȻҲͰֱɱˡ
ΪѾûüֵˡ
ӰʥǿӰʥĹؼͬʱҲӰ
ַеӰǳ棬ӴӰʥײַǹϡ
еĶռڷӵʬհȴҪˣҪˣҪʬˡ
һεжԲɡ
ַʹά˹һԵȴհȴʬ뿪ˣҲ֪Ҫδʬ壬ʱ䲻ֻʮӺհȾͻˡ
ˣַʵ
šհͷ
ַԴ˻Щģʵôģ
˻ˣ뻹˰ɡ
ްԵˣҪȫʬհҧгݵ˵͸һĳޡ
հȵӰź̬ܶһ̬ǻΪһֻӰӺܣӰӺ֮ܳΪޡ
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־һСʱ·֮󣬼ߵɽ¡
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㵴ɽɽͣĵطַͺ֮⣬вٳҲͣĳû飬ַĳˡ
ѵǱ͵ˣַЩƣ뿪ðСʱ컯֮£ͱ͵ˣҲ̫ù˰ɡ
ͺտɲһĳһǧĳأֳۣܿݿ϶һ㣬͵ֳˣǾ͸˲ˡ
͵ͺյ޷Ǿˣһ֪һ޾壬Ҳ֪͵Լ֪޾塣
֪޾壬Է϶Ҫùˡ
ά˹ȥʿʲôַԸ
ϰ塣Χвٵ̯λӻ꣬û˿﷢ġ
ά˹ȥ˺üҵ̵ˣַȻûйȥȴе˵ɫԵЩ쳣ƺڹ˼ʲôά˹ʻæҡҡ֣ȻԼĻӶܿά˹ʻ
ַûһ壬»򵥰͵²һ㣬ЩӦ֪͵Բǻ˭ҲҶ졣
ά˹˻˵ϰ壬ǲ˵
ţѡַͷȻߵЩǰ˵ֻҪһ仰˭ܸʲô͵ҵĳôһ仰ҳʮǮ
ʲôʮ򣿡
һ˰ɣΪһ仰ͳʮǮ
ļٵİ˰ɣ
ô°ôҪʮǮ
λϰĳ͵ʮǮ˸˭͵ĳ
ļٵģֺ£˭Ҫ֪͵˭Ҫˣ
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ַĻΧ˶˽û˿վַʵ飬ַüͷʵʮǮΪôһ仰û˿˵𣿹壬ɾûˣҾ죬һʵ𰸣ʱǿһǮҲò
ַ־ĵһӣǻûվַʧҡҡͷ׼취Ϣ
ʱһ̯λϵСͷԥһ£ͻȻ˹
Сͷԥʵλϰ壬˵ĻʮǮ
Сͷ˵ԵĴһɽζȻӦˣˣŸվ
ͷ㲻Ҫˣ˵ͷվʵ̯λϰ壬̽
ͷĬһ£Ц˵ͷϴʲôûʮǮһ¸ƨ˵ǺҽˣҲһŲŲѰɡ
ͷЩ̯ٴʵϰ壬ĸʮǮ𣿡
ַ˵ʮǮҿȸǮٻش𣬲˵ǰͷҪǸƭҵĻһǮջһչ
ͷæ˵ϰİɣͷǸʵˣǮƣΪ˰µĵ׵ģԲ˵
ͺãпھͿԸ㿨ǮַԴ˵Щģһ˼ҿ²ʹпҪûпǾͱϾ鷳ˡ
ʮǮ࣬Ҳ٣˭ҲʮǮϣȻҲͲֽܸˡ
ͷȴæͷ˵ееģȵȰ
ͷæóԼֻֻ淭ҵԼпϢп˺ţַ硣
ά˹ѾԾԱóֻֻͨУͷпʮǮ
ת˵ٶȻǷǳģûеȴͷֻյзĻţװ׵дţͷпһʮǮĻ
ͷϲЦտæ˵ллϰ壬ллϰ塣
ڿԸң˭͵ҵĳɣ
ͷæ˵ûû⣬Ҹղſɶˣǲܹͷ͵ĳܹͷԭǿģĳ˵ʲôͺʲôģȻͶ֣ѳˡ
ܹͷЩʶģϳַͺգ֪ǼֵǧͺվȻĿŵȥ͵Ҳ˵˵Ű衣
ַһЦʵܹͷһʲôرΪʲôǶ


421 ͻ
ַͷʵܹͷһʲôرΪʲôǶ
ͷµ˵ܲͻˣһƬͻĹϽΧͻᣬҪģ˭ǰ
ͻ᣿ַ׽ʻ㣬һЦѾͻ´о
ǿϰվͻ̬ȣͿԿͻ᲻ʲôöǲϲǴ𣬷һ¡
οַԼʵᣬ֯ȴǽͻᣬͻֻһ棬һ
ԣͻᡣͷ˵ͻﶼͻܣ˵ãֻͻ˵Źá
ͻŰǲ¾죬ַüͷ
ͷ촽С˵˵ͻͷˣһľҲû취ҳ£Ҳûãһû֤ݣǽץһˣһ㣬㲻ֻܹԹģɾûˣԣٺ٣ϰ㶮á
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ǱȺˣġ
ͷַǮҲǾΪַ£йͻϢһһʮĶ˵˳
ǺܿϧͷͻҲ֪Ĳ̫࣬һЩ;˵Ϣȫ档
ϰ壬Ҫû£ҾˡͷַЦЦ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ַ˵ţҲãҲ뿪ɣͻǲŹģˣôά˹һˣղҿ˴绰ˣͻѾ֪飬ǲŹģά˹ҵıڣֲӳģ㣬ͻ鷳Ҳ԰ȫ뿪
ͻѾ֪ˣллϰ壬ллϰ塣ͷһתͷܵȺͻȻҲʶҪˣԼ飬϶ͻ֪ˣ¿鷳ˡ
ͷΪʮǮ۶εˣҲͻΣգһ뵽õĺľս
ַȴͿǵһ㣬ԷԸά˹Ϻһ̣Ϻ뿪˵أͻƴҲҲϺص鷳
ַڴ£ʵǿԲ˵ģַȴ˵ˣһ˴ά˹ϺضַмѣǸоԼ£ˡ
ַ´ά˹ϺأԼȥɽͻɽ
ַһߣΧЩˣΧ£
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Ϻһ۾˵⻰˵ģλϰǽˣôܲǮ
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ܻͣܲŻһģ㵱ͻĲôҵģ㵱ǮôõģŰɣû³ġԱһ̯ȴ˵ŵ˵ĿºϺìܡ
Ϻغһ˵Բ˵㣬ӲƽϣʮǮȥˣͻᣬúҰɡ
Ϻ˵Ҳǣ򵥵Ľ̯λ֮ǰĶʰʮĻﶼ͸Ա߹ϵõ̯ˣȻŴά˹ȥԼڸĳݣʰһ򵥵ͳˡ
ϺǰŸճţſھ߰˸꣬Щ꣬Ϻصɫһ䡣
Щ꣬죬ǶʶǻʸΪͻĳԱȴͻ߹Ĵͷ꣬Ǽһе󽭣󺣿ͻʽԱŸĹϵһ˲ٻ£ϺأҲ۸
ҡеĿĸֹܣ˹׺ݵ˵ͷ㵨ӲСͻҲҲ֣ǲԼ̫
ôһ𣬺ͷȶӶڰ˵ҰҾ˵˼ϻ
ϻǺǣͻķϻô˵ҲϻϻˣȰõʮǮó֮ҪôͿıˡ޼ɵ˵ںͷߵˣԶˡ
ƽʱֲûûʲô˲ģҪǹԹԵģҲˣҪǸᣬСҲһ
ͷȴĿ⿴ά˹λϰ˵Ǳڣλڲпðɡ
ά˹ȴʱַֻ˵绰
ϰ壬˹ˣͻйϵҪô
绰ͷַ˵ץסһעӰ죬̫עˡ
֪ϰ塣ά˹ֻ΢Ц˵ҵϰзԸҪһǣԼ˵ҪҶ֣
ά˹ᱻɵͷֻ˳·Ϊ֮񣬻ץסͻˣúһ£ַͻ֪Ĳ࣬ҪϢ
ά˹˵ŭԲ˰ɣûļһûмСǲ𣿡
˵ǲ׼úˣά˹΢Ц˵Цһ˿̡
˵ԴӸϰ嵽˻֮ǺٶˣȻĿǰĻ춼ͨˣ˶һ壬չһ½ǣһ顣
ά˹úˡ
ѣǲǰߵһСŭеĿĸֹҲҪά˹
Щ˿Ұ˵ģס춼Ҵ򣬾͸˵ˡ
ά˹ͻȻǰһһ˵󽭵Ķϣά˹Ķ̫ˣȻ׼˴ά˹Ķ̱ά˹һ˳ȥ
ά˹һŽһһӣһҹȭиղ˵죬ǻӲҽһͱά˹һȭڵء
ά˹ͣһ߿ٵƶ壬һ߲ϳȭЩСǡ
СҲ۴ŵĻŴά˹Ǵά˹Ķ̫죬Ӧ̫ˣЩǾʹдά˹Ǵά˹ȴ׵Ĵ򵽻ǣһȭһ׼һȭһȫڵء
ֻƬʱ䣬ǰ߰ͱά˹ȫڵأһʱ䣬
ά˹һŲڵ󽭵ԴϣϣĲһţ󽭵ƤƤЬ׸ˣѪƤ˳󽭶ʱҽ
۰ҲˣŹҰɡ󽭲ҽţ
Ź㣿ǵĵӷǳ󰡣ϰĳӶ͵֪֪
ŹҰɣǳ͵İº޹ذĵ
޹أʲôά˹ʵ
󽭶ʱԥ
˵ǰɣζ𣿡ά˹űߵһĸֹܣڵ󽭵ֱϻһ¡
󽭿ɥæ˵˵ͻ͵ģҿһϵûУֻǿͷյʮǮ׬졣


422 ðԵ
𿴵ƽʱŰ裬ʵǸͷά˹һٺô򣬱ʲô˵˳
ֻǿϧ󽭲ǽͷС죬ͻ֪Ҳǲֻ֪࣬ͻ󣬺ٻơ
ڵ󽭵ĿУά˹Ǵͻɽļݵ㣬Сջɡ
޿֮󣬴ά˹μϰķԸҲ뽫Ū󣬲ûм֣Ǵźͷ뿪ˡ
ͷ͵վ뿪ά˹תϰȥˡ
ʱַ⳵Ҳɽ
·ϣַѾϵӶ˸ϢԼͺյַƿ֮С
㵴ɽΪȱͷҲû֮أͺյȥԲ֪ص֮ҵͺȴһȽ׵飬Ƚֺǳټױϡ
Ѿйͻ鱨ͻʵϰյĽзǵʽӦýͻũҵ޹˾һҵطԵũҵ˾˾ܽ롣
ڵطϣͻ޹˾˰󻧣ҲǺܳԵÿ򳤶Գֵܡ
вƣԱһĴ֣ɽһû˸ǵģҲŰӡ
͵ַͺյĲܹͷСӣԼȨƣܹͷŵĺܵģҲѹһǧĳ͵ˡ
ͻĻַ֪ͻʵ㲻ʲôţҪǿͻıǹŻХɽׯ
Хɽׯһͻȭһеɣͻ᲻ǻХɽׯһŹ
Щ飬ʵǳ˽⣬ǰڹŵĲ֣ܶ飬Ƕһֻ۱һֻۡ
ȻͻҲܵ˻Хɽׯ㣬ǿԣǱеߣһߣͻĴǻХɽׯҲסǡ
ԱͻڵͷҪ˵Ķ£ȴҲĲ࣬Ȼ۸˵飬ȴǾûģֻͨգǣһ취ҲûС
ͻĹ˾ȫضΪ٣Ը๫˾ĿڣǱ֧֣Ҳ׶֣ȻҲǴˣʲôǵ׵ĺܣûߵ£ĺġ
֯ǲ٣ַҲܲ£ͻȴǵַͷϣǿɾͱַ磬ˡ
ĵ绰鵽𣿡
鵽ϰ壬Ҫ绰𣿡
ԣ绰֪ʼĩðѳǡ
ϰ壬һǾͲǵ鷳ˣ
Ҫѳϰˣϰ廹ôͻ鷳ѵ͵ˣˣ
ַЦ˵ٺ٣þôһ绰ͬѳˣô򵥵飬ҪôõĶôõƢҲͻĿڱˡ
ǵϰ壬ˣɣ
ȰѵռסˣԺ£ҲͿԷſֽˣ̫ײУǵ̫š
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Ҳ㲻ϸˮ棬ҲʱԼӵһˣĻʲôèǵ鷳Ժӻôһôġ
õϰ壬Ұתӵ绰ɡ
ãתӰɡ
ַӦһͿʼתӵ绰ת֮󣬾Ͳʾַĵ绰룬ַͨļ¼
ʱڰ칫ļֻȴʱͻȻһȴһİĵ绰룬ȴֱӴרϵѵĵ绰ϣܹ֪绰ˣܵļѣ˿ɲ֪绰롣
ԥһ£ǽ˵绰Ҫ֪Էô֪绰ģѵ˻˵绰
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Ҳʶ㣬ô֪ҵĵ绰ģüͷַ֣İǵԼ˵绰롣
ϰǸæˣȻǲʶˣȴʶϰ壬ڵ绰룬ȴСһˡַԵúܵ
۾Ŀ˸Ųõɫ侲˵˵ɣʲô¡
ϰ壬Ҿˮˮö˶˵ģΪʲô͵ҵĳַ˹˵
һüͷѵִʲôˣȻҲоԼģǴʱ˿̣Ȼ˵ǻẮ˵ĵģºԼ£ûйϵȷˣûд
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ַЦЦ˵ôģϰ岻˵Ļ˵ϰΪԼ´ˣӲˣˣ͵˭ĳ͵˭ĳôô
һŭҲ˵ĳӰбûʲô飬͵飬Ժ޹أɲҪѪˡ
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ĳȻˣҲӣ˭ģˣһȰ̫ʢˣǶ㣬ļˣûô
¾͵ΪֹˣҲ׷ˣҪ͵ܱȥɣΪģĳûʲô͵
ðԵ밡һ仰ͰԼƲĸɸɾ˳žַ磬ǰԵ
Ҹˣɱڡַ絭˵
ڣʲôûаץ͵氮ЦĳֲǾ죬ûץɣµΪֹԼҲڡ
ཡһ绰ҵˡ
ŵ绰æַһ£ʧЦҡҡͷ
Ӵˣʲô˶а룬湻ᣬԵģ˼˵Ŀ¾͵ΪֹΪ˭ȫµ˶Ҫģ
ַһЦûء
⳵ֱͻ޹˾ſַͣհҾƵס£Լһ˳ͻ˾ȥ
ʲôģԤԼ𣿡ַߵſڣȴ
סַıɨַ磬Ųơ
¥ſһסַ磬ƨȻǶűƷ˵ֹ͸һƦžͲˡ
ַƽЦЦ˵ϰ壬Լ˵ġ
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ļٵģôûӵ֪ͨһɵ˵
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ַ˵£Щˣһ˱˵Уţȥ
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㶺أһͻȻŭ
汻˵ˣҾǶ档ַЦЦ˵
ǱһŭһľͳַͷĴ˹


423 лѨһ
ȻһŭһľͳַͷĴ˹
ǱֻоǰһһӾѾˣǰѾʧȥӰ
һ㶣ȻͻȻһƴӱ˹һƴ˳ȥݺݵײǽϣǽϷˤ˵ϡ
һˤˤĲᰡҽУоʹ嶼ľˡ
Ҳ磬ıһַ綯֣һҲ׺ݵĳַ˹
ЩĿּ࣬ҲǷȣȻƽûٶͨǣûкùӳԡ
ǽַ磬ȴǵ˴ùˣǵ֣ͲַĶַ֣ɵ־ͰϮıһһ˳ȥ
תۼ䣬ſڵַȫڵأذ֮
⻹ַˣĻֻҪַ΢һ㣬
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ô£
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ַȥأ¥Ͽٵĳ¥¶ַվڵſھĵĵȴ
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ͻҲǵùպײַǹϣȻ˾ðͻῪɱ￴ˡ
һʮֳ־ı׺ݵĳ˳
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ЩԴ˸ͺ޹˼ɣȫǳϵԴҪкûֻãзˣͲʲô顣
Щ֣ĺݶһǳַԴк࣬Ҫ򰡡
ַһ˿ŭһȻһȭŭЩĳֺݶַĳҲһƴڱĲһɾӿ̰ѱ˳ȥ
һƵƵĺܺãܴ󣬵ȴ˵Ǿ޴ȴѱ˳ȥһײǽϡ
ײǽϵıһҽУײǽڵֱֻ۵۶ϣѪǴĿڱ˳Ȼˡ
ַ˼ȭ˼ȭصǱߴߣҲߣҲֱֱȥȴޱȣַķӦ񾭺;޴Ⱥ˵ɱһ㡣
Щַǰûһ֮Уȫַɴ򵹣ǱƵǽϣǱػء
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֮䶼жԽϵȻַٵǵļ豸ŶԽĴڣȴҲ֪¼Ľչַ֪ڵλá
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ԽЩİԵúء
ô죿Ӻְ
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ȻǲΪ飬ϰ룬ΪԵԼܣµѾûа취ˣֻϰˡ
ʲô˴ˣǵĳʺģס𣿡ĵ绰ڵ绰
ͻʲôʱôҹȻ˴ԼЩѵǳʺ
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ϰ壬֪ôģû˸ҽͷӡæ˵
ţȥ°ɡ
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˱ĵ绰ֲͨһ롣
绰ͨȴɫ˵Сܰɣﵷˣ㿴ǲпմȥһ¡
绰ͷȴ˲ͷ˵壬С£Щд𣿻Ҫõǣ
˵ģԷͨˣӦǹߣڻԷݣȥϸǾˣҪǹҲ磬ҲҪ˼֪ǻХɽׯҲǺǵġ
˵У֪ˣһڴ˵Һܿġ绰ͷԼŮ˵
ҡҡͷҲûа취ϾܿǻХɽׯ츳ĵӣڻХɽׯĵλûзܸߣԷ˵ȻֻܿͿġ
ͻϾǻХɽׯõĲҵƽʱҲǲӣͻᣬһξֵܴŵӣǰͻᡣ
鷳Ҳҷܳ
˿̵ķܣڷһս˫սҵʱԶĵ绰Ҳֻʱһˡ
鷳÷ܺջ𣬷Ҳ֪أ̼ӿԼĽȣٷйһ֮ͨ󣬴·ͳ


424 лѨ
Ƿܣ룬뵽ǵһһʵַļ֮С
ַ¥һַ̣ľѾ¥¥⣬ַС
˵һһģӲַߡ
ַ֪ͷܵĵ绰ߵĸˣƺĸɾһ㣬һһ˳¥ߣߵر
ַȴҡҡͷ߻̫ˣڵʮһ¥ϵڴ˾ȴ
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ȴ۾˵㵹ǻƱ簡ҲҳʲôѾǵͻˣͻˣʲô³Ҳ⡣
𣿲ҿɲôΪַȻЦҡҡͷƺڷܵĻͬ
ɨַһۣȥַҲֻһͨˣַϣͿһĺۼѵصΪ
ܵģһŶͰôΪҪΪҲҪ֮ˣʲôؼпΪ
ַ翴ȥ̫ˣűȷܻҪС꣬ܿǻХɽׯŵӣʮķܣѾӵ˵쾳һΪ֮У˵еٮٮߡ
Ƿ԰ıǮҲŵԭ
ַĵ÷ԽĲͷԭĺ飬Ѿƻһɶܲͷ˵Լ־ܻǵץ㡣
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Щͨӣַ練ûֻ֣ǴˣǴɲзϡ
ȻˣȻ˵ģΪַû֣ûаǴзϣϼ¾Ϳ԰ˣǸܾͱˣֱӱַ˼׵Ȼַһ֣ûҪСǼ׵һϣҲ޷վ˵Ǳзϵˡ
ַ鷳ģȻҪ¼֣𼸸ͣãպñַɵˡ
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ҵȻ츳ϣȴƽƽ˼ʮĹ䣬Ҳǵ˿ɽ磬һӿҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Ȼˣ츳ϣȴ˦ü֣ͲŵʮķѾǵ쾳Ϊһ󾳽硣
ܶѾʧˣΪԼܹʤ뿪ˡ
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ȻǱ˵ͲҴֱӿŻХɽׯȥ
⵹ַ»ַȥХɽׯպ·ˡ
ХɽׯɽʮﴦʽƽԻ壬ʵϣԻǻХɽׯ
ʱĻˣΪ֪ˣܾȻ˴֪Ҫˡ
ܿǻХɽׯⳤϵӣΪɽׯŵӣпܻ쾳磬ɽׯδϣɾɽׯδϣȴͻ˾飬սΣûùӳˡ
Ҳưö˶˵ģôǵɷˣ겻


425 лѨ
ˣӦȴ绰ġ
뵽һڴȴֻҲǴˣ绰ʱҲˡ
ˣХɽׯҲԶˣٴ绰Ҳǲ١
˵ǵ绰ûȥﻹԽżҲͲԾļӴһЩ
Хɽׯɽ򲢲̫Զû̫ʱ䣬Ի塣
ХɽׯʽƣǽԻ塣
ֱӿԻ壬֮󣬻Хɽׯĸ߲֪˽췢ͻ顣
ô£ԷʲôͷΪʲôҪͻ᣿Сôˣ
Ը߲ʣ죬ʱͱסˣЩ⣬һش
ʱһ͵˽λϣׯ˴ˡ
һϿӻŻŵģһȵʲôʲô£ú˵
ǣϣģղһԻ壬ХɽׯģǾһХɽׯʲô˵Хɽׯ͵ˣǻХɽׯ͵ͺʦֵ̲ס֡
뵽һȴĺܣǶĶ֣ԣҪǻХɽׯ
⻰˵ڳ˶дŭƢ𱬵γϸŭЦʲôǻХɽׯôĿ
ׯ⾸ȴüͷ߲߲ڹǵɽׯ£ǲǺͽͻ飬йأ
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Ϊһׯ֮⾸ȻҪһ˿ǵĸࡣ
⾸룬ͷ˵˺ηЩϼһȥҲǳʶ
Ƣ𱬵γ̸͵úúãҵҲ뿴ʲôǻХɽׯ鷳
ХɽׯׯͼλϣʵﶼһɻǴȥʲô·úýѵѵ
Хɽׯа꣬ҲǹɣʲôʱֵС۸ĵزˣ˭ǻХɽׯ鷳ͱһ
ǰŸսԻ壬ַ֮⳵ҲԻ塣
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Ϊʲôܽȥǰ治ǻ·𣿡ַԴЩ档
˾͵ܽǰԻˣԻ֮磬䣬ҼΪŽᣬǱ˶֪û²ҪȥԻ壬˿û˰㣬ԻйأǴԼ˵Ľγǲýȥģ󣬿ɾͳˡ
ַʵôԵû˹ܹ𣿡
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ллˣǸǮˡַ˾˹ȥͷȻţȥ
˾Ҳ໰Ǯغóţһ̵ľܵˡ
ԻڽַׯãĴǰʻ
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֪ХɽׯĶͬˣ˵ĿҲһ㣬úͬˣ˺
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÷Ÿɾһ㣬ʲô͵ǻХɽׯŴɣôܻ͵ҿСӲ͵ǲǹҲˣ
ϸ磬ϻˣҿСӾͲˣȰ˵û׼ʱׯǻὨء
ԣ˵ҿСӣҲˡ
һһ䣬Ͱַ綨λΪǺˣİַ˵
ҲǸɴĺܣ˵֣Ȼ̾Ͷˣ˵ͳַ繥˹
˶ǻХɽׯĵӣͻȭȭͣ·Ϯ
ȭҲҪǿʵ֧£ܷӳΪ۸ͨ˻ԣַ磬ǿɾͲԶˡ
ַܵĶҲˣֱӲӲ˲жУʽ䣬ͽȫڵء
ַһ֣ΧĴȫ˹Ŀ˵⡣
ס֣˭ҪʲôѵҪǴײɣ
壬һСǣŹ
һַˣΧһȺˣ̲׾ͰַΧмƢ𱬵ģһͳַ˹̧žͳַȥ
һߵĶȻȣֱӾͳַһ
ַһŭ̧ҲһߣʱͶԷһߵһ
һ죬Էҽһͱַ˳ȥٿֻţһűַ߶ȹǣѵĹͷӼ̴˳
ӣҪſ񡣡
ַײУڳ˲ûк·Ⱥ鼤ܷ׷׶ַĺӣǴһͳַ˹
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ȭ̫ˣּޱȣֻȻ޼ѰҪַԼ󣬷ǿ治Ķ֡
УַȴȫѹŴַһ裬֪ʱص㲻ԣڲʵּ䣬һǵƿĻ壬屻ķ飬ַ˴˻̳ƣһƻĺ󱳣һƻɡ
һƣֿذֱӽѪƺһ͵ڵϣ˹ȥ
壿
ɱ壡
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ɱ֣ɱ
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ӣȻǻХɽׯ鷳Ƣ𱬵γϣһֳʱŭգһأͳַ˹
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ŭյγϣ߶ûһͱַһƴ˹ȥ


426 лѨģ

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֮ǰׯ˻ΪַǸëͷСӣַڿַĳַ֣֪Ҳû˸
Хɽׯׯ⾸ȴסȺ鼤ܵˣַ磬ȵʲôˣΪʲôҪǻХɽׯң㵱ǻХɽׯǺ۸𣿡
ַЦЦ˵ǻХɽׯô磬ҵĳҲ͵ѵǻХɽׯΪǺ۸ģҵĳǿ͵ģ
ׯ⾸һ£˵͵ĳǻХɽׯʲôʱ͵ĳ˭֪ôȥ͵ĳ
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Ƿ⾸ָоܣΪХɽׯûеôȥ͵ѵŪˣ˵һҲ磿
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ַͻȻ˵ǻХɽׯô磬͵ҵĳҪҵˣǵΪǺ۸ģ
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ׯ⾸ʱȴĬĿųеսԽԽľһѾ˹ȵס
ʵ̫ˣʽ˵ƽ֮ʣҲ˵ûʽԣƶٶȴ̫ˣҷӦٶҲǿޱȣķӦٶȣѾڲ֮ء
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ĶһȻֽˣڶԷһжûгŹ˵Ϊǿʲôز
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ׯ˶ַڵأһѪһ£ǰڳȫסˣЩ׼ĻХɽׯӣ㵣ԭأ֪롣
˵Ȼ;Уַߵׯǰ˵ׯǿԺú̸̸˰ɡ
⾸޲ðַһҧƱǿ⾸ֻƺһЦΪޣΪ⣬˵ʲôȻŸ
ַ絭ЦЦ˵ׯǶԽ飬Щ˵ҲǻХɽׯ̫ţ̫޼ɵҺǻХɽׯԭǾˮˮǻХɽׯ˵ȻҵĳҲ͵Ҳ̫ҷˡ
⾸Ц֮λ޴ǣҪԸͻɽׯֺαôһŵɣҳϣǻХɽׯǸµĶ֣ҪɱҪУϤ㡣
ֻҲף¾ʲôˣԺźɣͻɽׯ͸ʲôԹ
ʲô͵⾸ǾԲģΪһХɽׯʦڣҲ̫һ㡣
ַȴٺһЦָһԣڷ˵ׯǲҵĻ㵹ǿԺúϰ壬ҵĳǱ˭͵ˡ
ʱѾַܺ˵Լɫ̱һƬҰס
ȶ΢΢ַ˵͵飬͵ʶĲˡ
⾸תͶȥĿ룬Ŀһ˿ɻ󣬻һ㺮⡣
⾸Լæ˵ׯҿû͵֪ģֲȱǮôȥ͵
⻰˵Ҳ԰ֲȱǮôȥ͵
⾸ʱתͷȥַ硣


427 ˭͵
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ĳӰбûʲô飬͵飬Ժ޹أɲҪѪˡ
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ϰСǾԶģƽҵðʧѾǴдˣȴ֪ôҪȥһҵҵĲ԰
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ɫҰףæܴﲻ͵ģԲܵģΪܴﲻȱǮԼĳǱ7ϵò͵˵ĳ
ַЦ˲Ҳ֪һԴôģԼгȻ͵˵ĳҸ㣬ҵĳһ͵ģҪ֤Ҫ֤ҶԸǴ
һ䣬ҵĳͺգֵһǧ;㵴ɽʱ򣬱ܹͷɽ͵ߵģڲܹͷҵͺɽҫֻҪǸܹͷһ绰¾ͺ׻֤ʵ
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ͻɽׯΪһͺգٵˡ
⾸ǰѲܹͷ޵˹
ַ翴⾸Ц˵ׯ˰ɣҵĳȷǱǵˣ͵ߵġ


428 
ַ翴⾸Ц˵ׯ˰ɣҵĳȷǱǵˣ͵ߵġ
⾸ɫһ䣬ַ籧˱ȭ˵´һХɽׯһһǸ´һХɽׯڶӣˣָ㣿
ַȴҡҡͷε˵ׯôǰЦǷǶԴѵ㻹ϲ𣿡
˵˵ԭ˶죬ֻҵȭͷǻХɽׯǻХɽׯģȻҲһˣЩҴ˵λӣ¿ɾ㲻ͷˡ
ҪҵͷҲǲУֻһس𣿡
֮У˭ΪҵĶְ
ׯʵ˵ˣҪǹ˼ɹҵķɣǰǻХɽׯˣ˵Ҳ׾١
⾸ɫһ䣬ҪȴֳĬ
ַһ仰˵ĶԵģǻХɽׯȷַĶַ֣ռݵռʵХɽׯҪ鷳ֱǳ˵Ρ
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ַͷɨһۣ˵Хɽׯһǵһҵɡ
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ׯ⾸ŭƺһǶַأȴǺް취
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ʱһһĹȥʱ򣬲ܹͷҪ󣬿š³Хɽׯ
һХɽׯܹͷ͸оЩԾˣܹͷҲû̫࣬ڲܹͷХɽׯߵĴڣֻлХɽׯ۸ˣûб˸һХɽׯ鷳ղԣʲô˵˻ХɽׯҪˡ
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򡣡ܹͷƽʱͱȽϺԼĽһȣʱͷˡ
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ҧгݵ˵ĺ£㻹ҽ򣿡
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˵ҲǣǻХɽׯԭôõӣǣһʲôãȻȥ͵͵Ҳ͵ˣĵҲ̫ˣʲôĳ͵
Ҫǲܹͷ͵ΪǻХɽׯλǵǿУλн֮ѡ
ׯʣ벻ҵæ˵ǵׯǲܹͷ
ܹͷʱҲǳһûмХɽׯׯ컹ǵһοׯˣܹͷû뵽ХɽׯׯôԼ档
ܹͷһ̳ŷׯһ񣬿иǹ˵ܴׯ
ׯܹͷͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ֻһ˿Ц⣬رı䣬·ı˪һ㡣
úúãǲܹͷĺô飬۵ǻХɽׯҲҪһùҪǲɱ㣬ʵѽͷ֮ޡׯһЦ˵Ļȴòܹͷ׸ߡ
ܹͷһһҺ˳ſ棬ȻŵСʧˡ
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ׯŭЦ˵ûԲǻХɽׯ飿úúãҾף룬úø˶ԲǻХɽׯ顣
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Ӧһܹͷ̾ϢĿ˵пΪɻ㣬ͺվôģ͵ģʵʵ˵˰ɣ֪ģƭҡ
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ܹͷʵʵ˵ʵ˵ǡ㵴ɽɽ˳ֿģҵʱˣһŮ㵴ɽģǸŮ棬Կӣеģһǻˣһȴˣҵʱ˶Ǻö˳֣ǵߡҲǽѵѵǡ
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ĲΪɽׯ鷳֪ģ֮ʧܹͷݺݵĴԼüƣǺڵôܻ뵽͵һѣȻҲô鷳
֪鷳˵ʲôҲȥ˵͵ˣһ£Ҳȥ
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Ŀ⣬ܹͷһҪŹҰɣһᣬһҰѳһǮҪǮ˵ܶ٣Ҷռġ
ˡȻԾһƴ˲ܹͷͺͺԴϣžһ죬ͷѣԽ˳


429 ˵
컢Хɽׯô飬ȴֻΪС͵һжĺ⣬Ҳǿ֪Ҳ˲ʲô飬Ȼ֣С
ʱһɽׯӴҴææ˻
ׯˣǼһɽׯ󡣡
ʲôׯ⾸һɽׯڣǻХɽׯռĹżƱвһЩ书ؼɽׯصأѰӶǲýġ
ׯɫһ䣬Ȼ˵˭ȥɣȥϸˣʲôֻҪסʲôͺãҪʲôȴȥˡ
⾸ǺһܣƱǿǻХɽׯȫ¶ǶԷĶ֣ܹȥֹԷ£
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ׯҡͷ˵ܣ书ò˵ʲôٵţſһţΪ֪ѡ
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뵽ڲܹͷĺ⣬һ֣ļһҪ͵˼ҵĳ˼ôôǳô顣
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֮Ѵ̣ҷȥ书˼ʮ꣬뿪ɽׯ벽ȥִׯ档
ȻеׯҿΪׯ͵İɲׯׯ
뱻ׯѸٵȥԶԶĻĲҽ

ַһߣȴעɽׯеı仯ׯ˵Ҫׯַ絹ĵͷХɽׯһεıʣʮ֮󣬻ܹһ֣Ҳδ֪顣
ֻʮıʵʵ̫һЩ˭Ҳ֪ʮ֮󾿾һʲôʮֵ֣֮Ǯˡ
ڶĴãַȴҲ޹ؽҪСѣ裬Լ޹ϵ
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֪ХɽׯǲдֽϰߣַڻХɽׯﻹ˵ֽĿ»ᳬڣЩǮַ߾һֻ֣һǧҲǸХɽׯһǮ
֮⣬ַ绹Хɽׯڶ书ؼȫߡ
ХɽׯóȭͻȭǵĿұ죬ͻȭ⣬ȭҲǵռУһʮȭÿһȭиԵŵ㣬Щȭؼȫַߡ
ͦģһˣòôණַϴŴָɾˡ
ôһˣȻ˲ʱ䣬ջҲǲСؼʮ౾һѣҲûаһˡ
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ַߺСʱɽׯﴫ˷ׯĲҽȻѾЩĶˡ
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Ȼ֪ŵ书Σ㣬ŵҲҪʱгɳģʱ̣ʵǿҲǿޡ
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ʾַǽʡʿʮ꣬AϵߣڽĹߴƽʱºܵ͵ûʲô飬ʲЩǷƣ֮⣬ûʲôرˡ
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հѾھƵﶩ˷䣬հϵ֪룬ֱַȥ˷䡣


431 Ӱ
ϰ壡
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ӰӦӰʥзɣǿޱȣҲܹͨյġ
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ַ˵հͻȻеʵϰ壬˵ģĿһָòˣ
ַͷ˵ȻԣȷһͻʧȥյӰ
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ǺãھҪڵӰ㲻ҪܣܹǾòˡ
հΪ֮һɻ˵ϰ壬԰ڵӰҪӰֲ𣿡
ַ͵ӰȻֲҶӰ˽⣬ֲһΣԣ׾ͻӰɣԶԶԼļ򵥣Ҳİȫ
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ַ˵ʱԣֻҪ׼˾С
ʱԣôϰ壬ڿ𣿡հѾЩȲˡ
ַ룬˵ʱЩӰ첻ĻھͿԿʼˡ
հε˵ھͿʼϰ壬Ҫʲô𣿡
ʲôҪַҡҡͷ̧ƣĶ׼հȡ


432 շӰ
Ӱһֺص̬һǶ˵Խ俴һּ档
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߼һֹ״̬
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ַɫһ䣬̽ڣͬʱֻץסӰҲץַС
ַʱսַӰսĵط
ҲַԼѡȻԼսƻԼսΪƿսһøơ
ʵϣսսҲѡհȵڣֻһհȵԵƻհȱϾԼַûôݵĳĿܵ˺
ַڵսʼˡ
סӰǾҵȻһ䣬һߣ߶һ꣬ͳŴķ϶ȥҪӾķ϶У߳
ǻɵѷڱܣӰѡ˻ɶߡ
ַһʱսһֻԲҲûһ˿϶ֻӰӶ߶ʱٶȱھԲС
һʧܣûĥӰ뷨ָһ䣬һͷ޴ĺܣžԲ򷢶
ֻӰӺܵսǿ°צݺһһ죬ԲͱƬһͳ˳
һǿ󣬴ַϣַ絹Ҳţһʱ˷ɫЩγһֻⷽС
ܷŭˣŽɫ𹥻ЩǿȣɾͲ֮ǰЩܹˣǿĹ죬ȴûһ˺
սӰҲ仯ɸֶǹǳûܡ
ھԵǰӰЩСϷһҲûУ޷뿪ɫ
ӰͻȻվԭأٹأӰʼԣǷ·տĿˮһ
ַ簵ͷһ׶Ѿȥǵڶ׶ˡ
ڶ׶Ӱַ̬ڵһ׶ξͽսôҲֻܼ̳еһ̬Ӱ
ַԴȴ⣬סӰս仯ӰıܾѵʱȻͻ뱾Դ̬Ҳǵڶ׶Ρ
ڶ׶ӰıԴ̬ʼģҲǿʱ
ַҪӰҲǵڶ̬Ӱ
ַǿ˾ķĵȴӰɱ䡣
ӰΪ޷ܴ˴̼Ӷɱ䣬ع鱾Դ̬
ӰȻһ䣬±һźӰ
ַ翴þɲѵӰıԴ̬
źɫӰĳŽɫƮ˹ȥƮٶȲ̫죬һЩʱ䣬ŵ˽ɫߡ
飬ȴַһӰֱӸһɫϣȻһαɫӰϵĽɫ㿪ʼٵĸʴΪɫ֭ҺɫӰ˽ȥ
˺ɫ֭ҺĺɫӰʱһЩ
ַһԼľѾһ֣Ȼ٣ȷʵǱˣԼľȻֻӰ͵ˣ
ַʱ֪ӰıԴʲôˣɣ壬Ӷǿ
ӰıֿԿóɵڳڲǱȴΪ¡
ԤһӰܹƵδǿһʲô̶ȡ
ַҲڵ̬ǲӰıԴ̬ɵ̫ˣַ粻ȥɲԼľӰһա
ַ翪ʼˣЩɫһĳ鶯ӰݺݵĴ˹ȥ
սڲ㿪ʼ
ɫӰϣ̰ӰĲַƺڷҽС
һַ֮ȴһǸӰĽɫڳӰͬʱȻҲմȾһ˿ɫӰЩӰڽɫϣʴŽɫ
ַ統ϣ̽ɵĽɫ˻ȥȻĵɫϵһ˿Ӱ
ɫͬʱĽɫӰͬˣйӰĽɫմȾһ˿ɫӰЩɫӰڸʴմȾĽɫ
ȥɲа
ȻÿιӰÿιմȾһ˿ɫӰЩӰ߱ʴַܹշֻӰҲԪˣ
ַ˵ɲʲô飬˵ǵòʧ
ַû뵽ӰѲԥշǳ
ҪֻӰʵ̫ˣֻҪͳ⣬ʧȥıֻӰڿУڲ̫õġ
ΪֻӰͼĽ׶Σʧȥ߱Ա
ַüͷܿ˾
ӰǳѵãӦñ˵˷ѣӦþԽշ
ַ˾һһѽɫ񽣣ַٻ˳
ѽɫ񽣣ʵɵƬ߱ʥħһЩԣԽԲܵӰĸʴ


433 Ӱͬ
ַٻĽɫʥħĲлɣ߱˼ҲΪصĵƣַײᶯõ
ΪշֻӰַʥħл֮
ɫ񽣣ַĿ£Ӱɿն䣬һӰ񽣴ˣСһ֡
ַȴϽٻأȻۿϵĺۼ
Ҳ˿˿ɫӰЩɫӰ·һֻֻĵĺɫ񽣵Ľϣƴꡣ
񽣿ʥħĲлǿޱȣЩӰֻܸ񽣱棬ܸʴ񽣡
ַд󶨡
ӰĸʴȷܾˣǿҲǻ伫޴ڵģ񽣵ǿȾʹﵽܸʴļޣԲ˺񽣡
ַһϲ񽣣ʼϵӰ
񽣵ĲϹ£ӰԽԽСձһɫĹ㡣
ַ羫һͰźɫĹ㣬ץ
źɫĹӰµԴӰʶѾֻҪźɫĹܻеȫչ
ַ翪ʼʹþ㣬ʧȥʶ֮ûΪַ׵ںϡ
ںϵĹУźɫĹ㲻ϵķ仯̬ڱ졣
ӰһֵֺĴڣܹӶı̬ǻʨܵȶǸֹҲģ
հȸһǽӰԼӰӣӰ໥ںϣӶԼӰӲһӰսʿΪԼս
ĺôǲٿԷǳߣԽףĶҪӵһЩ
ӰıȻ̬ĸıı䣬ǵսʽսǻ̬ı仯仯ģ̬ѡ񣬹ϵս֡
ôҪںϳһֻӰӶһֻεӰսʿ
ţеѡ
ӰܹӶøǿӰɵǿ񣬽ֱӰ쵽Ӱӵǿ
ַ˶뵽Ӱһֻǿħޣǲǻӵиǿ
ַ粻֪뷨ܲܳɹֵһԡ
ַͷñеӰȶַ粻ھͲ죬ֻҵʵĿ꣬ŻῪʼ졣
ֹͣӰ»ָ˺ɫģַ͵Ǻ֮УǺħ֮ԴܹõıӰҲܹӰӶøǿĳɳԡ
ȻӰûȷֻ̬άԴ̬ǻһЩȴѾܹΪַʹá
ַһԼӰ̶Ӱӳǰӣ輸ϣ輸ϵı˹
Ӱļ֮һӰӡ
һĻհȳԾ˵ϰɹˣԣʲôӰӵΪʲô֮ǰûҸҲû
㸸Ҳû𣿡ַԴЩɻӰĻ֮һôûء
հȵͷ˵ǵģǺûûʹù
ַתһ룬Щеİˣ˼˵ҶӰ˽⣬Ҳ²⣬ĸףǣûƿӰӵǸǱӰּ״̬£ȫƿӰԺܶӰӵܷӳ
ҵӰѾȫƿأǼҵڣǱȫĿƣһҵƿ֮£ܹʹһ
⣬ַ벻Ľˡ
հüͷ֮󣬵ͷ˵ѹˣҵʱҲܸоֵֹģÿʹӰӵʱ򣬶һֵĸоûȫƿӰӵ
ַ˵ﻹһֻ㿴㸸ǲҲӵ
ַ˵ߵǽǵӰ󽫱ǽϣվӰʱֵ鷢ˣַ淺һַԽԽ͸ַʧˡ
ô𣿡ַȴӰﴩ˳
հȵľ˵ûУûʲô𣿡
ǽӰַ»ָΣ͵ҽ֮ΪӰͬӰԼӰͬһ˾ֻῴһӰῴˡ
ͬǲƶģһͻᱩ¶Ŀꡣ
ȻûֿƶƣӰͬҲŵڣӰͬ״̬£һУᱻӰζ£ԼӰͬ״̬£ᱻ˷֡
հͻȻ뵽һ㣬˵Ӱͬ״̬£Է𣿡
Ӱͬ״̬£ԷǾ̫Ϭˡ
ַ˵ԣֻһηĻᣬڷͬʱԼҲᱩ¶Ҳ˵ֻһιĻᡣ
֪ʲôǲ͵Ϯ
ʵϣһп²̫ãһǽǶ⣬ӰĽǶ£²ùĻѰңڶͬĶ֣ڸӦ϶ǳݣһᱻڷһ˲䣬Ѿ㹻ǽжܵˡ
ҲʹǹейǹеĹǹе˵ûжвģţá
˵˵ţַԼȴ˼
Ӱ״̬£͵ϮߺͶսʿ¶̫ʹǼ͵ϮʦкܴĳɹˣرĵԼһѴǹеʱ򣬶ʦԴһǹһоͶˡ
ʦǿʩ֮ʩ֮ǰʦȷǳ
ȻˣʦҲô͵ϮģΪʦǵϣͨװǿħװͨװҲˣԵħװܹڹٵͬʱԶô͵Ϯķʦûõġ
ȻˣӰͬǸַһǿ͵ϮֶΡ
һ൱
Ӱ˳ӰʵĿǰӰ̫΢ΪַṩģҲ
ַӰ⡣
ӰʥַڻգӰʥַ
ַ翴հȣ룬óһƿҩˮҩˮݵհȵϡ
ַ˵Ϊ׼ҩˮȥ֮ͻٻļûָ
ϰ壬𣿡հҩˮɳƵ͸һɲ
ַ˵һҲһˣʲôʱƭԼˣǺǣİɣƿҩˮ֮ͻָ˯һòѾָˡ
ַ˵һҩˮʹ͸뿪ˡ
ȵַ뿪հ̽ãϣеҩˮ˴
㷢һ֮հҧҧƿǣҩˮһȥ


434 Ѫ
ڶ죬ȻַѾ׼ٴοհȵʱ򣬻һ¡
ַ绹û뵽հȻָò֮ȻôƯ
ַ羪ɵʵհȣ
հһͷ˵ǵģϰ壬𡣡
ȷ⣬û뵽ȻͦƯġַЦ˵
ָòհȷǳƯҲѪѪͳйϵǰ˺ͻ˵ĻѪ
ַհȵϣѪͳɷǳӣҲ˲ٿŮհһȻҲ̫ġ
Ȼַ֮ǰѾհȵƬȻָòհȻַ־޵ĸо
հȵòȻָˣݵʱ䳤꣬ڴ֮侭˺ܶ飬òָˣȴڶʱڻָ
ڵհȿȥģǰһ
ȻհȵıΣַ˵ûӰ졣
ȻհȳźƯַ粢ȱŮˣҲһһĳ̶ȣŮ࣬˭Ҳӵȫ
Թ֮˿ͺշƽС
ͺյĳˣҪάޣȡַƽס졣
Ƹĸַ֪ƽͣ죬˵ʲôҲҪַȥǼסһַԴ˵Ҳ̫⣬ұסһҹ
ϧƸĸƤӵ£ַЩ˼ɣȻƵƣҲֻܰ
շҲؼһʱ
ڶ죬ַֹһĽ֣ҳԹŸȥ
ַԼ˾˵绰Լϣһȥ
˻ϵص㣬ַһ۾ͿԼѡе˾ʵλ˾̫ۣɲַ翴
ַѡ˾ͨһ֣Ҳͨǹ˼ͥΨһһ㣬ĸ޳ļС޳ݴ󣬶ԸǳϤֱ޳
һ൱޳գļʻҲ൱
ַѡԼ˾⣬ƽصΪˣҲַѡԭ֮һ֮⣬û̫ȺãΪЩ򣬻٣ǶΧѺͬ¶൱
ٵˣ϶ܺܺõıܡ
Ϊַ˾ԺӴܿ»ǳ࣬һٵˣǺбҪġ
ͬʱҲһߣЩرǺ͵ӰеĽͬܣǿ
ȻֳǿԵģַ˵ԵñȽˣַҪɱֻҪԴ򱬣̱ɡ
˵ܹӵкͽͬܣǱȽˬһ£ֻϧƺûнôҫۣûôǿ
ܵȼЩֻͣCܵȼ̫ͣҲܣ̫㡣
Ҳǿпްɡ
ϰ塣ַк
ַЩмģΪĽ˰ѪȴҲƥĹ裬ַҵƵķͬ˷ڽİѪκõ£͹˾ǩһݳʮԼ
Ȼǩһַ绹Ǿ㣬ԴЩмġ
ԺˡַЦŵͷ
Ϊϰ£ӦõġЦ
Ϊܵԭķǳߴ׵ߣ׳ģվȺĿ쳣Ҳַһ۾Ϳԭ
߰ɣȥȡַкһ˳⳵ֱȥ޳ȡ
޳ͺյʱ۾һӾ
ŵʵϰ壬ĳͺգԺ͹ҿˣ
ַĳЦ˵ͺԺ͹㿪ˡ
Եעǰͺգ˵İɣϰ壬Ժһúÿ
ַЦҵȻˣҲҪʲôĿˣҲ˳գ⡣
֮ǰˣһ°ɡ
õϰ塣Ӧһʻλһ£̧ͷַ˵ϰû⡣
ͺáַ縶޳ѣ򿪳ţ˺
Ժλרְ˾飬ַȥˣַֻҪ;ķ⡣
޳ʵϰ壬ȥġ
ַ籨˵ַӦһ򿪳صǣ鿴ʵ·ߣͰյǵ·ߣǰ
ַһεĿ꣬Ѫڡ
ϢѪڶϴַɱ˵ӵ飬Ҳջ׼ַ鷳ֻѪڶַĵϸ֪̫СóȻ֣֮С
ַɲٱѪȥΪǿȰѪڽˣû鷳ˡ
֮ͺսѪڵĵ̡
ѪڵɽͬһҲڳֱӽһС£СˣȫѪڵĵ׾졣
Ѫڶַ鱨ַ֪Ѫȴ֪ıȽϢΪѪڵ鱨ڹб˹ϵͳе鱨Ϥ
Ҳˣַ׼ȷ֪ѪڵɽλãͺСĲԶͣ
ڳţַԼѪȥ
Сſڣַͬ
ַ籨Լݣ˵Ѫڴ
ַ˵ѪڴϣſڵıҵˣַԵ֮̽ϱ˻ȥ
ַҲżֶſھĵȴ
ѪڵķӦͦģӵʱ䣬һſڿַǰͣ£ӳһˡ
˿ַ磬һ˿Ȼ˵ַ磬ƽɱѪڵĵӣ
ġַͷЦԵúܵ
һЦ˵ɱѪڵˣȻţ˲ֻϧõѪڵģϳɣ㲻ҪǵĴҴȥ
ַ絭һЦ˵Ļ÷žʹӺ˽ȥ
Цһؼʻλϣ˷
СԼ㳵ٲ̫죬һ֮ҲĿĵˡ
һſͣ
ɡ³֮󣬴ַ
ַ糯űһۣųűɨȥѾַƿ֮С
ַľɨʱ򣬱λȴԼͬüͷ
һݵʵʦ֣ղǲǣ
һһЩͷ˵ǾΪ߲ơ
߲ҲҪ֣ѵɣݵ˲м˵
ʦĪˡһЩ˿ʦһۣ˵ȴҡҡͷ
ʦַİɣСʻ괬ĵһǶġ
˵Żеӽ㱨ǸַѾˡ
˵ַ˱ڱĴȴѾʮλѪڸ߲㣬ڵַ磬λϵλˡ


435 սѪ
ַһʮ˫۾ͳַ翴䵽ַϣҴ󲿷ֵĿⶼŵ⡣
ַȴ·һ㣬򶨵ߵмɳԣ
ˣôĵӣѪʲôطɱҵˣ𣿡ַոһ£˿ʼˡ
ַ糯˵˿˹ȥһͺˣϴһױͦװͺװһϰģ
ͨ벻ôһòͺУȴһ֣ΪѾ˵쾳ľ硣
ַ翴ͺеģһйصϢ˵λǹ裬˴ְɣѪʲôʱ㵱ˣͥû˵λҲû˵ʲôʱֵ˵ˣ벻ѪҲôûйصġ
ͷһŭ̽С˵ʲôʲôݣõźͳ㣬ɹĳӦѾ´ˡ
ô˵Ѫ˵㣬Ҫ̸ַȴùһֱоС̫
飬ܳϵһǾ͵źͳϣοڣԼݸߵ˻в٣»һѵˡ
ʱͥ˵СֵܵĺܣѪڵӣ˵˵ѪڵĹȻҲǲ޲ɵģҲóֿ֮
˶٣ͥ˵лͱ˵ˣ˵˵ѪںʲôԹΪʲôҪɱѪڵˡ
ַɫ⻰ʵĺðҵҲѪڣҾʲôԹúõΪʲôҪҵŵ⣬һ㻹ҵţҪҵʱȥ˹죬ѾǵĵӱˡѪڣһ
̲ͥ˵˵ʲôţǺǺǣѪʲôʱ£ɲҪѪˣɱѪڵӵ飬ȴǱѪڵĵָν
ַЦ֤ҲҲ֤Ҵ»Ż־ȻģбҪ𣿡
ͥʸڷϵ¾ԲܣѪӲġ
ַȻ˵֤ء
ͥҲŭˣȻ˵֤ݱ֤ݣΣ˵Ѫû£û£Ҫ㣬ɱѪڵӵ飬ָνָͣǽ
ַͻȻƽɨȫˣĿ䵽ͥϣ˵ѪڹȻǺô磬ֻ׼ɱˣ׼ɱ㣬ɱ˾Ͳýɱ㣬Ҫ㽻ʲô
ȻѪڣҽôҲͲúѪڽˣǽ£ˣȭϼ°ɡ
˭ȭͷ˭ĻȻе
ڳ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣Ц
ͥҲǹЦ˵ˣҲ̫ˣʲôߵغ֪ģȴûˣȻѪҰҲʲôطѵͲɱ𣿡
ȤȻ˵ѪڱȭţѵΪƾһˣܴĹѪˣ
ûʶǿģһλϸ磬ֿҪһЩɲҪһӾͰˡ
ǼǼҪһЩĥҪ֪ʲôߵغ񣬵ǰѵˣ֪ʲôб𣬾֪ʲô⣬֪ʲôǰˡ
Ǹýѵѵûˡ
Ǹúúôĥµ¾ͽɡ
ĥٺ٣ɱѪĵӣﻹʲôĥĻᣬɱ˾͸ó
⻰ɱ˾͸óѪڵӵѪԲܰġ
ѪһһѾԶַ磬ַѾǵ֮С
ֳΨһû˵ҲûЦģֻˣַѪڣ쳤ϡ
ϲûЦɫޱȣصĿַ磬Ŀ·һ㣬
ַȻϢصļãǵ쾳ĸ֣ӦޱȣԼԼܹоַǿټǿ͸ַʵӡ֤Լĸܣȷַ粢ͨˡ
ͻȻ䣬ﱬȵ֡
£ﳤַ֣վһ
һնȥѪɫĵַ⳯ϯ;Ʒһնϣת˲䣬ǵ͵ַǰ
ַһҲһȣַİȣһɫĹ⻷ַǰй⻷һ죬⻷һ˿Ѻۣȴһ֮УȻѡ
һУ̳Ծ𣬽֮󣬳ַڰգȣٳϷһ
һӣһѪɫ⣬ַն
úáַȴҲŴһͻȻһȣһ̧һɫĹâӷȶˣһ
ɫĹߣնĵ⣬ദȻ죬󵶹ⱬըǵɫĹâȴ⣬ȥ
һڰѾܣȴϵһѪڣһϮɫâϡ
ദһȻȴųӿٶȴһ⵽âţԤϵĻҪǿһЩ
˫ദĵطһ죬ﱻϴľִĵɶء
һأ̳гȥȴڳĵϿһڣղŵһǵѾİıϣˡ
һгļ̶̳ȣԼΪԼʮĹҲڱ»ڣȴԷڣԷ֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ȻֹȻѰ
ĵɲǣѪˣѾ鵶ַ֣緢
ģǶϷݵͷҲʹһѺش󵶡
ǰѺصĴڶϵУȴ·ɵĻųַ
ַʱĴɲ̫ˣѾ˵Χ֮С
ַȴ΢΢һЦȻ߾ٷȣȳһڡ
ַʩȵĶȻһɫС̫ǿĹâ˵۾ʱʧȥӦеá
ϵħ׹
׹£ڳѪڵˣʱʧ״̬
ַ緢˲䣬ɵĴΧŷһ㣬һ⳯ŷȥ
Ȼ۾ʧǸоޱȣǵϮ̱оˣһͳŹ߿ȥ
гһ㱻ߵ˿ȥ
һ̸оã۾Ȼȴף̾ͳŵһҪ㿪ι
ϧͿϧڣ۾ΧĻҲֵĶĶܾԵÿЦһЩ
ڶԼұ˹ȥǺܿϧȴȻƣڹķϺݺһ
һҽд壬ʱһΪ


436 ǻ
һΪʱо̴󾪽еʦܣôˣ
ʱ򣬴оһԼȻ˫۲Ǹоڣһﳤֵ
Ӧ۾ģ۾˺ܴĲ㡣
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˶ǴһΪַƶٶȣѾǳǵĸӦޣǸоַ˶켣ֻоַƺԾһ㣬һһϵڷ
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ַķԵһɫĹߴַķϱڷɨһȦбɨеȫһΪҲ⣬ȫһ롣
һɨĹһѪڸֱնɱµһСҲ̶ͬˣֻ˻
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˵˫ѾᣬʱȻǿеҲַվԼǰ
˵Ϊ۾ϹˣҲ֪ţַͳԼǰ
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ֻϧԸΥַǿԶԶĳǵԤϣ쳤ϺʮλȫȻҲַĶַ֣ɱĴܣɱȫûˡ
ַ緢Ц˵ţҾһ仰Ѫȥʹ˶Ͼš
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ҪȴҲ˵Ѫڱʮ꣬ڴڼѪڵ˲׼һߵѪڵӣҼһɱһʮҲٹѪڵ飬ʱѪھͿؼա
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ͥ΢һ㿪˵ãҴӦ㣬Ѫڱʮꡣ
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Ѫڱչص飬Ѿõ֤ʵѪڵıչѪڱ˴е飬Ҳˡ
˭˭ģӦ˵ĸģȻѪڣ
ܹһģɶϵţĸźѪôĳޣȻѪڴˡ
ϢһһµϢ˳
Ѫڵģš
ţʲôɣû˵
ԣԣţĸţѵǸţ
Ǹİ֣һЩ˵ǴѪڵ֮˼ǰ˻ХɽׯţҲš
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кһеϸڣȷ¾ģѪںͻХɽׯͬһţġ
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λžӵʲôΪǿ϶ģﵽʲô쾳磿ͬ쾳ȣʵжǿ
ǳˣַҲųˡ
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ڴڼ䣬ַϵĻХɽׯӣȴûһˣΨһһߣǸ͵ȴǱХɽׯԼ˴ġ
ѪںַĶԹҪһЩַԸѪڵֶΣҲҪ
ַѪڵĶԹΪһŮ𣬿˵Դͷȴ˵ҵϡ
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Ȼ鷳٣ܹٵ˵ġ


438 ѵ춯
ַ粻ұ˵鷳ַҲ֪鷳ֶ㲻ȥңûеġ
Ȼַĳвǰȥŵ鷳ǵҲһȥŵ鷳һ˵أֻ֪СèֻǲŹŵġ
ַֻϵһ㣬֮ǰõħӦһġ
㱨Ϣڶ̶̵ļʱڣپϰ͵͵ĿһֽӵʹȥǻкܴһȴǶԾţȻصҪ鿴Щһﶼ뵽֮УȻ󱻱һٶ˳
ЩһٵĶˣЩʵ̫ߣԱԸ˵ģֻʹħ󼤷߽йЩ߻еˣŽвأϲˣǱˡ
ԴſǲεģŶˣȻʲôûɱ㲻ˣ˴á
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ʵǿû˸㣬дȺĲǣһԻ
Ȼһзʱַ뿪ѪڣѾʱ䡣
뿪Ѫڵʱַ˳һ£Ѫڵززֿ⣬õĶͳͳߣرѪڵ书ؼַص㿴˵Ķ
ַڸŵ书ؼһռƫã书ؼղ͡
ְãһԴڶԹĺ棬һȴܵӰƷӰ죬ڲӰƷУƲؾĴڣؾڵ伮ڶ࣬ɵ书ռУַԴҲӣռԼҲһؾһĲؾ󣬸ɵѧᱻ¼С
ܹһ׳٣һһгɾ͸е顣
ؼ֮⣬ַصľʯΪʯеԿٵΪ
ַĿǰħʿΪʱʮļ٣Ҫħʦ磬ҲҪһβ̵ʱ䣬ֻʯеܼһַ̣羡ﵽħʦ硣
Ѫڣַһҵ߿ʯҲǲСջˣֻϧ߿ʯĵȼߣַãȽޣֻʤˡ
ѪڵѾԲˣַҲڵ죬ŷԸ뿪
ַָһ۵Ļع·ߣ;ᾭ㣬Ҳһˡ
˵ʵַ֮ǰͨˣҾһ㣬ҲûгȥιǮˣȴ̫࣬Ҳûгȥˣһα뵽εͷൢ죬;ķ⡣
ͺŹ·һ·Уÿһأַ綼ڵͣ棬ȻƷصʳҲҪ֮һ
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ԳΪʷǳһĵطǳԲģӲ٣Ҳر𰮳
ĳԷкܶ࣬ųԣųԣųԶԣȻζĻǿųԡ
ַԳûʲôɻ䣬ֻҪǺóԵĶ죬ûԹ·磬һ
֮ǰҰģЩ꣬Ѿо˹ֳķرڽر࣬ڽҪһ׵顣
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ΪʲôղŻ𶯣ȴˣַԴɻ󲻽⣬üͷǽ
ַһ¸ղǰ飬һȴȻ뵽һֿԡ
ղų𶯵ʱץߵϹôַ߹ǲϹʲôʥ׳ѵ𶯣
뵽ַ粻ٵ̳źĳȥ
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ַľɨɫСߵʱСĶһ£ƺڸоַ羫ɨӡ
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ַȾƵĺˬ˵ĽкϵգԵøŨҡ
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˵ðΣץߣһţҪ˵ԼðΣץߣҿɾͲˡ
ٺ٣ⲻ˵Ľ˭ûиʧֵʱֻһУΣ̫ãʧһΣ¾ûлˡϹϸһĨɫȻϰ˵ĻǺܶθڵģԼҲôΪġ
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ûⰡϰҪ֪ץߵ飬һʲô˵ġ
¶ǣϹɫҲ˺⣬һһʮıץߵ飬˵˳
ץǺΣյ飬ҲһżûоϸѵǾԲȥץߵġ


440 ɫС
Ϲ˵ԼץߵľҲǳ̾ѣ֮ԻץߣҲǱƵûа취ˡ
ϹҾãǼĶӣĸӣһ˵
ԭѣ˭뵽ĺˣСӵ֢ⲡκãΪ˱ҪܶǮ
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Ϲץ׬ǮΪӵĲ׬ǮʵҲûʣ¶٣ڶӵβˡ
Ȼûκãܹסӵ࣬ϹҲԸġ
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ϹЩȶˣҲʺϴߣͿ˷䣬ϹϢ
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ַȴ˵Ϲ㻹֪ʲôİɡ
ϹַͻȻ⣬Եúܾȣʵϰ˵Цˣ㲻ǿ˾𣿡
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Ϲ˵ҶڸҩĶǳϤҽҩĳֲжٶﶼǿҩģߡ
ڼҴҽϿһֹߣֻпӴСȴѧߣ׳ߣ߳Сȴһߵ岽֮ڣ̱࣬ѹ壬ǻ᲻Ҷ߰ڲ
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ַ˵бۣͺһۣϹȫ˵ˣַ˵ĻİԼɫߵߡ
ϹЦһ˵ϰǺñӣסˣôһɫСߣǲʲôҲͲ֪ˣץô꣬Ҳֻôһֻߡ
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СϹͷµĿڴóֻɫСߡ
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ַԼĲ²⣬ߵ飬ӶϹΡ
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441 
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Դߣȫͬˣж߻޶ߣֻҪҵߣͲҶˣץץߴûбҧ
Ҳһ㲻ãЩ߶µĺܣԶԶЩ߶ֻܿЩͷԵײߣűŵĲҶĻÿץ߻࣬ÿ׬ǮҲܸࡣ
˵׬ǮϹʱЩźϾӵĲҪǮȥƣҪܶץЩߣ׬ЩǮӾоˡ
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Ϲûж룬ͷ˵аϰ壬˵ɣģһƴǡ
ַ˵ģҶӵĲһЩƵİգܹκӵĲϣܰңȻǮҲԿġ
ʲôֻκҶӵĲϹˣֻǵַ˵κöӵĲµĻѾԶˡ
ַͷ˵ǵģаտκӵĲκ֮ϲܹǮӡ
ϹʱЩ˹ĬĬֱϵӣЩɣһ뵽ܵħĥĶӣϹ˵ͷ˵ãҴӦ㣬ֻҪκҶӵĲ˵ǰ㣬͸Ҳûϵ
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442 Ϲĸм
Ϲ˻ˣǶȴŰɣַϹ̬ҲģϹȥҽԺһСʱĽȴˣСһûһë
СˣϲϹҲˣ档
Ϲǹˣ֮࣬Сַǰ
ַæϹСԹϹʲôжϥлƽô¹򡣡
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СӣκСĲ͵ھȫҵ
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ġַһϲץסͷСץ˹
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ַɵץסСߣϹɵۣСߵжϹ֪ģڿַץСߵģϹַ֪̾־ҲǷǱѰַ϶ҲѰˡ
ⲻǷϻҪѰˣܹκСĲԭͲѰˡ
ַһͷɫСץǰһۣС߷ŭĿַ磬ҵţȴѲַַָȵץסͷ
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ллأСĲںˣˣҪллϰ壬ǴˣǵĴˡС輤˵
ϹͷҲ˵û˵ģϰǼҵĴˣһӼǵĺá
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ʥ׳ĳҲ춯ڲ輸΢΢š
ʥ׳춯ԭ򣬹ȻֻɫСߡ


443 Ѫĳ
ʥ׳ĳѾҵĲɢ׵ĹââһߵɫС߾ͱ˹
ַּۿ죬ҪֹһУǳѵķӦ̫ѸˣɲǼ䣬ɫСѾʥ׳ĳϣûַɫСϵɫСԶ
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ܹʥ׳ѵħҲôŪģַʱ˷Ĵ㣬ֻܵȴӵ㹻Ĳϣܲħ󣬷ʥ׳档
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449 
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һ죬ֹƬ̣ǰĵ·ͨˣַ˽˵绰룬صԼĳϡ


450 Ų
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˶٣ַ˵磬˵Ļʵϣûƭ㣬ĲҿκãϴΪҵҽκĲҲͲ˵ˣǼȻĲҵҽҲβãǻβκ
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454 ƭӣ
ַ̫ˣںţַӵгҽ
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ڱַǸо˲ʮλɢ
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ĿȺɨһַۣϣüͷ̲ס΢΢
һҽĲ˲˵ʱ򣬶ְҵϰߵģտķȥǿˣûвǵʲôȻſ˵òʡ
Ϊˣڱַͨ磬ڳϵʹһˡ
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Ǻ֣ϾȻûַϿһߣ·ַ壬ٲ˱ܡ
˲ûУǷǳֻͨЩﵽ߸ˣΪԲ԰ٲ״̬
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µġЦŵͷ
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Ǻãɲ˵һãڳУַ⣬õģҪˣ𿴳Ѿͣһ˼ҵģʵأˣûгϵá
Ϊ𿴳ʹˣΪ߰Ѿһ켶ߣͲܹͨģϵҪͨǿ׳
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ĸ׾ڴôĸ׶ʱССĳһ
ɻӵģӶ໰Ͻߵӵߣӵ֣һĵɫ˵÷ǵַɣϴڷɻϣҸˣַ֪Թ
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Ǯ÷ǵõʱ飬ֻû뵽ʱգԷȻˡ
ֻǳڶɷΣǮ÷ֻǺַͷǴкûٶ˵ʲô
ڴϵĵַһۣڲϵţƭӣƭӣƭӡ
ҲǼǵ÷ɻϷ飬һȻ˵κԼĲ̫ЦˣԼĲôε


455 Ĳ
ߵߣڴߵĵ£Ϊ˰Ӻ󣬳ЦŶ˵Уǵóҩ
ţллүүЦ˵
ʵ֪ϴ˿̵ﲻûЦԵ÷ǳء
ΪĲͿã飬ҲǲܵŲ˵˵ģò˾ò񻯵ĸӿ١
ʱ򣬰ɺֵ˵ã˵𣿲Ȼôַ
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˵ɫһ飬ɫҲűˣְ裬ֿϣվһԵַ磬Ŀ˸Ҳ֪ʲô
ϳû˵ߵȴˣĿɻ˵ɻλ˵Ļ˹ˣôģŲʦҽ
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ԭɻųųϲ٣ַȥģȵüĿٸ˵˵ԳϵΪˣӦҲʲô˵顣
ڳɻ˵벻˵ȻѾˡ
Щ뷨ֻɻ̶ųһϹε˵Բϣַȷģҡ
ʱȴ˰ֹ֣ɻ˵ȥ˵ЩͲ˵ˣΪ˸ĸ˼⣬Ϊ˶ŮĺãҲȷдȣӦȺ˵ģҲôִˣҽҵΪѾͷҸ˻ô㣬ֻҽ֮һǸѣȴʲô˶ѧĺõġ
⻰Ͽûйɻ˼ʵ룬Ѿɻ˸ˣȻ϶ɻΪǶŭˡ
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˵ˣһ˵ҽԺǽֹˣԼĲ˿ġ
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ģȴӴúܣʲôҲҿʲôҲ˵Ϊκϵĵط
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Ǵͣҽľڵλ˵Լݿ˵ⷬ
ַȴҡҡͷһ˿мĿ˵Ҳ֪˭Ҳ֪˭ֻ֪βõĲκãκõĲˣȴβá
Ȼŭ˵ÿСӣΪ˭ҽ𣿡
ַЦЦȻ˵ҽ˵ϣβȴڻ£ҳûβõĲƾһ㣬Ҿͱ
Ц˵Ҳ̫ˣԽ˵Խûˣ˵֢̣㶼κˣ˵ֻҽιðգ
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ֻǰַ˵Ļ˶Ļܵ档
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ȻҪַ汾µˣôĴˡ
ʦʣҲ̹վʦһһ˿мı顣
ĲͿˣһʼʱҲʲôߣʦ£ſˣĲҲ֪٣Ҳ˶ţַͬĲ϶Ҫˡ
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ĲѾȫ֪Ȼûʮֵκõİգʱ߰˳еġ
̲סʵ֪ʲô˵˵
ַ˵õĲЩһ㣬Ǽжˡ


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ַĻüͷĵַͣĻȴЦ
ϵüͷֻ΢΢һ壬ͷɿַʵжԼأ
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ַüͷҲͻǲýͰΪַ粢ǿҽֶοжˣʹþһɨϵκһë˳ж飬ȻҲַ磬飬ַ֪֪ģȴ˵
ôܽأַüͷøˡ
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ַ˵жͷˣΪͲжַ翴ˣҽ϶ҲͲֵһᡣ
ַ翴ûбĻӰ쵽ǵ˵Ҳôͣ룬ôͲ˵˼ѧҽϹŵǹ˵ҽѧҪ˵̫ˣôֱ׵˵ö
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üͷ˵˵Ŵʿֻ֮ʧˣҵҲ鼮֪һɡ
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źĵطҲ֮һַܱ統˵˳ɫȻѿ֡
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㡭˵κҵĲٴξˣԳԵ˵⻰
ҽʱͨ˲û̫ĲͬͬҲΪԼļżͬҲ֪Լûȵʱ֪Լоȵʱϲ
ʱΪ֪Լоˣϲ֡
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Ͽַ磬һ˿⣬˵˺ֶΣͽܵĲҸεãֻϧҵҽޣȫκҪܹκĲǸм
˶٣Ͻ˵Ȼֻ֦ĩڣԵԺ˵Ǽ˵˵ĲĿжˣ˵ľһΪʲôҿĲһ
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۾һͷ˵а֢֮Ӧĸ׶ʱżȻȾڵĲ
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Ŀһ֣صʵ⻰ָúνأ
ַҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ӦôͣҴѪͶӵóĽۣӦǰ׾Ʋʮġ
üͷ֪ӦŲַĻˣַ˵̫ˣţַһۿϵĲȴǲʵַƺЩֶεġ
ַ˵ϣеĶرֶǵе˵֮ΪԪͶŴɽľˮйɣмΪԪأԪͶҲɴ˶ֱǽ֮ľ֮ˮ֮֮֮
ԪͶڴȻҲΪټ˺ѽӴֶأҲ͸˵ԪͶһԪͶҲûлȵĿˡ


457 ⶾ֮
ַ˵ûеԪͶеˮ֮
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⻹ǻԭ򣬻ԭΪӴˮ֮Ϸǳ٣٣ټˮʣڡ

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ַͷ˵ãҾˣҿϵˮ֮ЩŹ֣һΪĺۼҾ㣬ǲʲôңʲô֮ǵĵˣĲǳµ֣
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ַ˵ҾͲˣֻǻֿԣܺú룬ΪṩĲҲаġ
ַѵϸ룬ʲôʱ򱻷ֲģڷǰûзʲôر顣
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һɻӣʱ˵˵ǲǺ¾йϵ
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ҿǼǵúڵڶ±ַˣ¾֮һ¾ͷ㲻¾ƺܿ𣿡
⡭ɻʱҲ
ַ˵ǿԻǶ⣬Ǻú룬£ʲôӰ죬ֶ˭ôˡ
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ҲΪɻڹ˾ĵλҲһǧɣүӵĶԳɻҲʧ֮үһߣɻȻֵ˹˾Ĺɷݣڹ˾ĻȨȴˣЩɻһֱæҽΪ˾£͸ӹ˲ˡ
Ҫ˵ͷļȵˣ»ҪɻԼúˡ
⻰Ѿ˵ĺˣȻûָյ˵ַ粻ɵϣѾ˻˼׵ߣӦþΪɻλλˣˣӦûɻˣֵܡ
ɻսȭͷ̾һ
ŵְֿ֣裬Ҳ˵˼Ҳоֵֹģζѵ˵ԼЩܵĿĥΪְֵˣΪȨµ壿
뵽һķࡣ
ַͷ˵ĻҾͲ֪ˣôҵжϣϸ磬Ҳò㣬ĲĺйأΪϵˮ֮΢Ǳ˵㣬ɱˣһһǣ㣬ȥܹ˾顣
飬ں֮вټֻԷֶθĳҲڶѡ
ʱʵˣܾ˵˵ԪͶ𣿡
˵ǿɾ͸ˣһǼ򵥵˵˵ɡ
ԪͶȻһеĲͺȻĿ¶һԪͶҲȻв
ԪͶϸһĵطǲԪͶġ
ԪͶҲԱһֻˣԣԪͶҲԱһֲ񲡶һܿһŻ湹ɣҲпһˮɣҲпһɳɡ
ԪͶֲĻԼıΪ˵żΪ΢˼ҲˣһĽⶾǵûЧģǶһⶾ壬ͻῪʼ˼սԼΪѵöԸ
ڵԪͶˮ֮һʼʱӦǷǳ΢ģֻһ㣬Ϊ̫٣ԲҲΪ̫СںӴںΪĸͲжҲûзжĺۼ
֮ǰ˵ˣԪͶǻģֻҪǻųɳͷֳص㣬ԪͶڽڵʱǺ٣ΪıܣڲϷֳԪͶֳԽ࣬Խ㹻ǿԪͶͻҪ
¶ˣźĹ˼ɱʱҲӰΣ˸ͲеĹؼ
ˣַ˵ľˣǳҲ˼ģ
ɻַ磬ֿϣԳ˵ϣֵ˵顭
ʳ϶ַ˵ֻ³иʵĺܳɡ
ϵͷҡҡͷ˵λ˵Ϊδţû˵ڣҿջ˼ʮ꣬ȴʲôû׼
˵ҡͷ
ַȴοҲԷƱΪϵԪͶƫţѰ˸ͽӴҪ˵֪ˣѧҽЩһ֪ԪͶҲֵ顣
ְַϵһЩ˵һ飬ͣͷһֲַҲʵϵġ
ʱʵôĲӦҪôأ࿪ķӣֻѹƲܸΣһζѹҲʲô飬ȵѹƲסʱһ»ء
ַ˵õģҼȻܿĲҲȻƵİա
ҪκĲ˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳס
ĲַһǽȥϵԪͶڶǰڵԪͶ
ûˣĲȻҲܲҩ
϶ԴȫʵⶾҪô⣿Ӧô顣
ַ˵˵򵥣Ϊַ򵥵ģ˵ѣȻҲѴ
˵ⶾɣⶾҪҩܹѹԪͶĽҩ֪ǶôƣѴһҩĲѰַѣвϣҲƳɽҩ
˵˵ȡɣһּˣҪڵζڲ˺£Ҳ룬Ƕٵɡ
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458 
ʵַΪⶾڵַ˵һܼ򵥵飬ֻҪַ綯þټħΪͿԺ׵İϵˮ֮
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ַ粢ôһô̫棬ڶҲʾı¡
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˾ģ㲻Ŭ͸ǲмġ
ͺ칫Աϰ岻ڵʱ򣬶ǺɢģϰһڿȥԵð칫һƬæµϰ忴϶ĻŭţԼԱ̫㣬ֵ̫ˡ
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ַĽͣϲϲ֪ôˣǵǾεķƺ򵥣Ҳɡ
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ַϽɻס˵ϸ磬ҿʲôˣЮԱҪ˵ˣҲҪҿˣΪҶǸˡ
ַ˵ȻΧַ˵Ҳɫһ䣬ַĿ̶һ˿ɫ
ַֻֻԼ֪Լ˵ⷬʵα
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˵ɻַͶԵԸŮһ
ɻϽվ˵Բ˵ˣлݶ飬ҾͼǵˣֵԺʲô龡ܷԸһҾûж
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Ϊϵļǳû⣬Ͳˣű˶Լϲ˶ǴͷǳĽ̫ϲгһգԼҲԳΪһͨˣҲԴܲ
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ܱ֮ûеĺãֵܡɻɫҲԽļᶨ
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˶٣ַ˵ɣ˺һ㣬뿪֮⣬ڴɺãһЩ
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459 ˮ֮
ַʩڣһ˿˿͸˿ַ߱˳Щ˿߷ǳŨַ·ľܰЩ˿ɫ԰ͷҲϸ
Χ˿һĻҲҴһ£ֻҪ۾ϹˣóַѾھ붾أʱѾؼʱ̣˭ҲҴַ硣
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Щˮϵ˿ߣڵˮ֮ء
ַʱɫĳأһװģһȴҲĳء
ˮ֮ضַ˵ûбϿôѣʵҪԶԶļ򵥵Ķ࣬һΪַʵǿһҲΪڵˮ֮ǳ٣ַǿǺ׽յġ
ǣַڵЩˮ֮سʱַŷһЩһĵطҲַɫصԭ
ַԭΪڵˮ֮أֻͨˮ֮أַȴ֣Щˮ֮طǳһ㣬Ѱˮ֮ء
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ԵĻ˵ǲ̫ܲԪؾ綾ģΪûĻֳǿԪͶ
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һЦ˵ͻˣѧĺҲͬ㵹Ҳ⡣
ַĳʵϷǳԽĿַˡ
룬϶ַ˵СӣôҽȤеĻҲԳ
һԵһ̲סʵʦҪΪͽ𣿡
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461 ϵԸ
ַһ룬ҲĶųϵͷ˵ˣǾͶлϵˣԺдŵĵط϶ൣ
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ҡҡͷ˵ӹǣȴǲˣģҾȥϢˡ
ڵĲ£뿪˷䡣
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һߣַҲŮʹ˸ɫ˸Լ͵͵뿪˷䡣
غã뿪䡣
һ߳䣬ɺ̲סʵַҽôѧİ̫˰ɡ
֮ǰֻǾַҽǸдǺǸղŵƹУַ﷢⣬ֹâЧɾǳԾˡ
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ڰɺʣҲǳ棬Ȼûʳڣȴ䣬ַش
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ĵǸַЩ棬ַĹ۲ĵǸȴǳģַԭûȻҲһЦ֮ˡ
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ַѯ˵Ҫļͷպһһ䡣
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ַָ磬ϵϰߺʱ䣬ϣַпյʱ򣬿ȥ̽ҽ
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ڳϵߣʮ꣬ȻΪԭûѧı£ǳϵ飬ȴҲ֪֪֮꣬ǹ֣ԿϺȹ̵ĲˮҲ֡
ųƵĺŲˮ̣̲סʵʦҪҽ𣿡
Ϸ²˵ӻ̫ˣҽ˵ɲʲô鰡
ʦˣһ˵˵ǣ˵֮ǿЦ˵ʦ֪ҵģëǸĲˡ
Ҳҡҡͷи˵ԵҲǿ󲻵á
˵ʱҽԱҽŸƣɷҽѾûˡ
֪ԸʲôģԸϣҽܹԸԼǺʵˣЩʦֵУҲûܹʵһ㣬ַϣȴҽϣ
ҲǳϣԸַҽԭ


462 
ҹַȥϵ鷿ѧϰҽ֮
ҽ߳ҽ֮оҽ˶ļλּҽ֮һ
ܹڳϵѧϰҽ֪Ƕҽʦ룬ѧϰĻ䵽ַϡ
ַ翴ҽ鼮ҽĻ֪ʶˣ㵹Ƿ࣬ôӻ˵
ѯַĶҽ֮΢΢һ˼㰴ַĳ̶ȣʼҽ֪ʶ
һ˵ַһǽŽţȴ΢΢һüͷַ˵˵Щ㶼סˣ
ҽ֪ܶʶô׼ס̵ӵʱ򣬵ӶСӽ˵ݼ¼һ׼ס֪ʶ㣬ڶ棬ҲǶԳིεر֡
ַȴȫûô˵ıʼǣʶǷȱɫƽƽó϶ַѧϰ̬ȣá
Ȼ֮ûʦͽ֣ǳϱϾڽ̵ַ磬ַóϿﲻԳϲŻдһʣַúѧϰ
ַһ㶣ϳصɫʱʶϵ뷨ԳϳϿҵ˵֪ҵļڲͬ˵ǹĿֻҪ˵ĻҶѾεļ
ֵһ£ϾʵĿµ棿
Ȼϲҡַͷŵ˵
áһͷ˵˼Լղ˵⣬ַûԥһ˵ַͼ˳˵飬̾˵˴𰸡
ϳһʵҲԽԽַ꣬ļԼ˵Ѿﵽ˹Ŀĳ̶ȣֻҪ˵ĻַȫסʲôַȻҲܹȫش
˲⣬ַȫԥĻشڣųַ֪ļȻͬԼ˵Ŀ
ϵͷ˵츳ǺʣϣϧԼĲܣҪ˷츳ˡ
ǳϡַͷ˵Ҳûкͳ˵Լõ
飬Լ֪ͿˣûҪȥ˵ġ
ϼ̵ַҽ֪ʶһΣַ֪ĿԽ̵ٶȿ࣬һ̵߽Ҳһעַ磬ַû쳣ַ֪ԽٶȣҲĵļ̵
һ˵һ̣ʱʱķɿ죬û̫ʱ䣬бķѯʣǲҪҹһʱ䣬ȻʮˣѾڷ˲Сʱ
Ҫͨˣֲôõʱ䣬ǳǹ֣ӵе켶Ϊ˵СʱˣһһҹҲԵ
϶˶ӣַʵôʲôҹ
ַӣԱķ΢Ц˵ҲޣʲôóԵܳԱӵУˣҿζȽأҲ⣬ը֮ģǾˡ
Цҡҡͷ˵ðʲôͳʲôɾͲˣ˳θãöණܳˣҪڣ͸嵭Ӹɡ
үķӦһת׼ҹȥˡ
Ͽַ磬룬˵ĿıȻѧϰѧϰϾǸƣֻѧϰһ֣евѧϰҪ֣ȻļǳãǼס˲Ѿˣ룬㻹ҪģȥЩ֪ʶ㳹Щ֪ʶ
ַǿ϶˳ϵ˵ȻָԼĴԣ΢΢԰˵ϣҳ˼ر⣬ԴҲǷǳʹ˵Щ֪ʶҰٷְٶѾסе֪ʶҪ㣬ҲĲˣҪǲУԿҡ
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ַĴѾǻҩˮǿӵгǿ˼ַ羫ԽԽǿִԵҲ޷ŴʹַļԶˡ
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ѶҪ֮ǰַ࣬ÿϵʣһ£𰸣֮ǰĻشȣڵĻشѾࡣ
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ϵ治ʲôܳԵʲôҹҲˡ
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ˮ֮о綾ȴҲǺöԼãõ½ȥǮǲѡ
ַֻȴڰˮ֮£Լʹá
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463 Ѩ
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˵ˣҲҲûйϵ˰ˮ֮µͨԪͶʹúˣǼӳϣͶˣһֲѡ
ˮ֮µĶԣһͶ˵ϣЧҲǿ֪ġ
ַˮ֮ͬóֲϣȻڷ￪ʼˡ
ַԽϹŴԹ½вΪԭϣӶ߳һе֮·
ǳ棬Ŀǰַֻգһȶ
ַֻսﲻļգȻҲԽԽ졣
ַ翪ʼƵڶֵҩϴεĳ׵ͬһƵĵҩҲһ˵ĵҩǹЧͳ׵պ෴һԵĵҩԵˣзǳõЧ
ַַҪ֮ǰӵĴ죬ʱ䣬ҲøӵĶݣϰ˵֮ǰַƺˣһ¯
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Ƴɹַģһξ׼Ƹһ˵ҩ
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ҩЧԴҩˮԼɱͣҪǣĳЩҩЧȴǳԽҩˮģһ߱ҩˮӵеЧ
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Ŀǰ˵ַĽս㲻
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׼˵ģַȥ˵㣬ʳȻܳ㣬ϡӣͳ档
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Ҳû̫ĹϵշԺĻᣬǡ
Թַͣ԰Ůͳľɽָ˵绰бŮ֪ŮؼΪֹ
ʱַ綼ҪڳѧϰҽҲҪп
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ϵĵӣȴ٣ҵʮ֮࣬ӸĶˣЩӶ˿ʱʱľеǰҲ¼į
ʱһΣһ¹ȥˡ
ڴڼ䣬ϵѰҳϿ廨ţ˶УйߣҲͨˣЩͨˣҲͨҪ̽Ĵϰ壬ҪĴУûЩƽϰա
˵Ҳǣƽϰһǲʶ˭ҲòóϿı
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ַȴҲǳٶھѨ֪ʶȴѧܶࡣ
ҲһַǳƻҲԼͶԷ˺
ַԴر棬ҳѧϰ֪ⷽʶ
ΪַԴӡ̣ϻַʩչѨ
Ѩƺأ˵ˣȴҲܼ򵥡
ѨԭԣѨתӶﵽ񾭵ãѨգȻҲ޷ˡ
ǵѨİڡ
ַ絹ǺѧϰѨֻϧûȻҲʩչѨˡ
ͬģѨַϣҲʹ
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ǣͻʱᱻǿ谭Ӷ̶ȵȵѨʱѾʣ޼Ȼ𲻵ѨЧˡ
Ѩûô棬һĹҲһͬҪǿĹܷЧ
ϸǿķʱ򣬵Ѩ޷ƷʵҲǲѨЧġ
ѹָּսõѨΪûǸҪܹѨҲ֤ԷķѾƣʱֱɱ˶ԷͿˣαصѨ


464 ߻ħ
֪Ѩȱѧϰ˵Ѩַ磬ࡣ
Ѩû취ѧˣǲ˵֪ⷽʶѧûá
Ϊ˵Ѩȷһ㣬Ѩˣɺܴ˺֪ѨķλԸõıԼҲԸõĹˡ
ַҲ˼һ⣬ȻܹѨôħǲҲѨôǲҲѨԵǲҲѨԵĻҪôһʲôЧ
ַ֪½ǲѨĴڣ
ЩɻĲַѨѧϰӸȤȻһʱЩɻ޷⿪ˣܹѧϰѨ֪ʶǻõġ
ͨһϵĽ⣬ַϾѨİأ渵֪ʶķǳͨ͸ַĿټϳǿĴԣѧϰķǳ졣
֪ʶѧϰʵѣѵĵطڣΰԼѧϰ֪ʶתΪʵʿʹõı£˵ĵط
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һʱڤ룬ַħΪԽԽǿħҲԽԽħʿ۷״̬ҲԽԽˡ
ַҲ֪ħʿħʦһܴĿԽһĽ²ô׵顣
Ҫ֪ʮλħʿħʦȴֻһλʮҲħʿħʦɹ
Щ½ǿħʦҲᳬʮָ֮ɴ˶ħʦ֮ϡ٣֮ѡ
ħʦ֮ͳƣħʿħʦĳɹʴֻһ֮䣬󲿷ħʿֻһɵĳɹʣЩҲֻɵĳɹʣµħʿڳʱƲסڵħǳʧܣһֻħʿ硣
ַڳħʦ磬Ҳûףûг׼ǰǽħʿ۷״ַ̬Ҳǲħʦġ
ڤַ翪ս磬ܡ
պѧϰѨ֪ʶַսоѨ÷
һΣСʱʱѾȥˣַսҲǧСʱ
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ַͨսܣоĳЩ֪ʶһΣһǧСʱоѨֻһǧСʱϰ
һǧСʱоַڵѨӦãµµá
ѨĴڣͨԲͬѨĴ̼ܹͬķӦ˵һ֮䡣
Դ̼ѨӶͬЧΨһܹ̼ѨֶΣֶΣҲԴ̼ѨӶЧ
ĦѨ򵥵Ĵ̼Ѩķ֮һͨѨİѹӶ̼Ѩֲͬá
λġι޵ֶҲԴﵽЧرģҽõֶ֮һ
ͬҲһλĸ֣ҽĵļմַ磬ַȻĵļգҪʩչģҪʱϰ
ΪѨĴַ̼뵽ȻĿԣԣĦҲԴ̼ѨôǲͬҲԴ̼Ѩ
սоַѨʶһ㣬ҷ֣ʹ̼Ѩķ
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رˮϵַʩչˮϵʱ򣬽Ƶ׼ضѨλʩչƵЧ
Ŀǰһִ̼Ѩķ֮УҪַ绨ϸʱ䣬оʵнʹá
սַڤһӣָ״̬ſʼƵҩ
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һõĵҩڳ׵˵Ҫ߼һЩǶ˻ǶˣкܲЧ
ַսѾƹһβǻʵнƣҲû̫⣬˵ҩ
еַĵͷɣַһò̫ãͿƸ߼ĵҩˡ
ڶ磬ַͳѧϰҽʱҳϿˡ
һӣʱѾһϢǱ̧ͬġ
һˣɫһ䣬һɿΪ˿ʼ
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һλߣĲЩأǱȽټ߻ħ
ڳϾȹĲУֲ˻Ƿǳټģÿһλ߻ħĲˣͨźıݾԲ򵥣ͨҲܾʩȡ
߻ħ˵ĺصӣʵҪǼ򵥵˵ʱ߲ߴ˾ӶˣһҽΣһ߻ħȲС
ȻһĹߣҲǲõģΪ߻ħһܹܵĴֻĹߣܿ߻ħѰߣûôԼ˺
⻹ַڳһο߻ħĲˡ
߻ħɴССʱͿԵԪӶĻָ˺Ҳͬʦֵܵİָˡ
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ɫأһΪ˰һѾڲ˵ϣѨʱ侭ת˺ӡ
Ϸ²˵֣ɫȴԽĳ
ųɫأһԵ̲סżʵϣ볤ôˣ
Ϻһ˵ôӦñҸһôˣΪȴǿɵʨӹûа㲻ˣ㻹˼ôˡ
һ˵ɫ
Ϊ˵ûдǵ볤ϾΪΪǿصʨӹԲ߻ħ
ӿЦ˵볤Ҳûа취ִѾֻˣǻʨԴʮǰȥ쳤֮Ѿʮʱ䣬ûг֣ûֳ֣һִ֮ǻʨھҪŵ䵽ˣǻʨ˵ͷȴ£볤ɵһ֣ҲΪ˱סɵĵλŻ²ߡ
ŵĵȼ֣֣֮ܽţ֮û֣ôжٵӣжٸ֣֮ܽС
ִÿٰһΣִϻȷŵĵȼһϵʧȥ֮󣬿ʮڱֵȼʮҪǻûµ֣ŵĵȼͻή
ŵĵȼ¹ŵӺܶţǳԼĵȼ
ȻȻûĹ涨ŴڹӵиȨޣŴɳĵӣ˵ȱɸһЩΪӻΪ棬סŵĵȼһǳҪ顣


465 ַ
ϺһҲûм𱸣Ͼ볤ΪŶðգҲ˵飬ԭ˵Դġ
˵ɵʨӹԵ׺ݣȻһϵؼ쾳磬Ϊˣʨӹðܴķգ볤ȻѾɵĵһ֣Ϊǲٿʮ꣬ϣȴ̫һЩ
һ߻ħʨӹİԵѾ澭ȻܹԪҵԪ˵ľȴҽΣҳ֣ȻκľȴԻָӴ֮ǲٶˡ
ӳһʲôٶˣɲУһҪ취Ⱦ볤ϰܶ䣬Ǳɱܡ
϶ǿûʲôɫһ˵ŭܾȻ㲻ˣ㻹ָô׵飬Ҫҽߣǿ
ɫһ䣬ҡͷ˵ԭµðʧʵ̫ż볤ϵİοŻڲԣһжɳ˵㡣
Ѿܹҵߵҽ϶ȲˣǾʹ˸β볤ϵĲˣȻκ֮ܶ䣬ٱסһ볤϶ڻʨ൱ҪҲֵñסġ
ʱַȴߵߣ˵ϣҪҸλ볤Ͽ
ֵĿַһۣ⻹ַ絽֮󣬵һҪΪĲ鿴ġ
۾һﰵˣַҽ辶а취κ볤ϵĲ
ʱ䣬ַѧϰҽַ統ѧˣַдУβֶΣͲԼ֮£Լ֮ϡ
Լβ볤ϵĲַа취κá
뵽ϱַ˵Ҳãȸ볤Ͽ顣
ַͷߵ볤ϵߣΪ볤ϰ
ҲֵĿַһۣղŻΪַǳµӣڿַĶͳ϶Դ̬ȣȻȴµôˡ
ҲˣַΪ볤ϰλӣҲʶȤûȥַ硣
ַ볤ϵ֡
ʵϣַֻεֶΣķַľ볤һɨϵĲ飬ַҲһˡ
ȻȻֻӻǰǱҪһģҲӵŷ
ĻʲôҲûһ۾ͿԷԷĻˣˣҲ㵱ɹ￴
ַüͷҲ
ӿַ羲һüͷһҲһ
ϵûмɻ䣬ʵôʲô
ַüͷ˽ɿ˵˵澭ˣȻҵԱ赼Ԫ˵ľȴԻָ˲κá
ȴĿһַ⻰˵ĺҲܺ˲ΣȴǲΣҲ˵ַ绰ĺ壬˿κá
Ͽûкֱַʵ˼ˣκá
˵ַһͷҲûиһȷĴ𰸡
ַͳϵĶԻӴһϣȷʵϣλǣ
һַָ磬˵ַ磬ҵ꽻ҽҸ
Լ࣬ȴλһ꽻ҲˣҽȳϻߣҲ̫˰ɡ
ַ¶Цæ˵Ҫɱأ˵ʲôҽȳϸߣҿɳܲڿǸųѧϰҽ
һЦ̹Ȼ˵γܲβõĲκˣҽȻǱҸˣѧϰҽǻӡ֤ѡ
ַЦҡͷҲٽ͡
ַƺѾϵģӵӳԾˣҽΣ֪˵ҽõҽʦ֮һҩȣѾҵȳϸõҽˡ
ҩȻиõҽҩ˸ҲҩȣҲ͵ûУԻǳϵҽȽϿס
϶̾ˣҽøߵʲô̶Ȱλᣬòƻ̫ɣᣬȴӵгҽҪ
ʱ϶ַ˵ַ磬ƣмְտ԰κã
ַ˵Ҳ֪ҳʱԶ̣ܶಡ֢ûҽι볤߻ħҲ״Ƶİգǲ˵ˣֻ˵Ǿһԡ
ϵͷλ˵˵ĻҲˣΣ볤Ȼǣһ¾ȫûˣСΣȴпܱס书ֻλС״ֲ֢ղ󣬳ɹļҲǲ˵˭ҽΣȴҪԼˣȣıˣ죬Լѡ񣬿ɲֵܹͷϡ
ϰѳ˵ǰͷҲǰַʧ֣Ӷַ鷳
⡭תȴίʵ¾ϵҽбϣȴʧȥ书ΪַۣԱַָ֤̫ᣬɹʣûбˡ
ͺԼ۸ˣû֤̳ãǼ۸̫ʵѡ
ʱȴһϢ볤Ѿѵ۾ҳַ翴ȥ촽΢ƺ˵Щʲô
һյ볤ϵĶߣʵ볤ϿΪҽΣ
볤һֻı۾ӵĻƺһ
볤ϵı֣ӱˡ볤Ͽ϶ҲǵĶԻˣ볤ԼҲѡҪַΪҽΣϾַΪҽΣлᣬס书
˵볤Ϸİɣ֪ôˡ
վųϺﹰ˹֣˵볤Ͽ¸뱣סԼһ书ԻܹԮ֣Ϊ볤ơ
ַ绹û˵ȴ˵Լѡ񣬹ԼҲ֪ҿɾͲٶ˵ˡ
æ˵ϷİɣǶ֪³ǶֻмԲԹģ³֮ʲôҪҲ
ϵͷ˵ã²˳٣ھͿԶ־ˡ
Ͽַ˵ַ磬ôʩȣ
ַѾ˸壬ʱ𣬱˵ϣ볤ңˣƷ¶ѴﵽЧȻ˵ԪԸƽҵʱ¾ͱȽϾˣʱһã˵ľȴήʱ򣬾һϣƣҲ޷ʹ书ˣ˵볤κҲ޷书ҲΪԭˡ
볤ϵˣȵһҪ㣬ٶҪ죬Ҫ˵ľή֮ǰٶȣѻҵԪ


466 ҩ
ַ˵볤ϵĲ飬뱣ס书ʧɲ׵飬ҴǿѹҵԿٵ˵ľȵָЩҵҲͿ볤нˡ
ַƷϳĬŵ˵ͷ
ַ˵ĺܼ򵥣ǳȴ֪еѴɲһ仰仰ܹ˵ġ
ǿѹҵһ볤ֵֹô׵
˵ƾҲҪ֮֯һһǺѻָġ
õķʪʵǾı֮һַʪھ𺦻ֻ̫Ӱ쵽˾΢СӰ죬Ͳ˷ʪĲʹɼĴԡ
ʪԸΣҲ֪飬Щ˵ķʪһ۶ʮ꣬ÿ죬ϵķʪҲ͸ŷΪԸΡ
Ҳ˵;йصĲ֢ԸεĲ֢
벻ַͨôƷģǼȻַô˵ˣô϶ַԼķܹκ볤ϣַ磬Եͷѯʡ
ַƵḶ́û˼ֱӿơ
ƹ̣ûʲôصĵطַֻܿ罫ְ볤ϵĲλַ˸巢ʲô飬ȴַֻ籾˲֪ˡ
ڳĻ϶ˣҲǵ켶ĹоӦǳַܹĶУоǿ֮ǿһֲ״Ŀ־С
һεƣַ籾ʵҲǳӣΪַ˵ѧϰҽ֮״ΰħҽ۽ʹá
ַе⣬ˮϵҽ֪ʶЩˮϵ볤ϵڣǿº͵ˮϵѻҵǿѹȥ䲻˺볤ϵľ
˵ˮ仰ǺеģԱˮϵģһַˮϵҲչ䲻˼ѺֱײĻһһѹ
ãлҵѾѹϣƾˡ
ʱַóһֻƿеһҩ裬ҩ볤ϵĿ
ҩɲ򵥣ַƵƸˣ߻ħƣЧ
ҩڱ㻯̻ΪŨŨҩҺ볤ϵʺ볦θڳθﱻѸգӶ޸
ҩЧȻãҲҪʱҩַΪЧͼӰˮϵҲ˵ľ޸Ӷʹ볤ڶʱڣָơ
תۼ䣬Сʱʱȥˡ
ӽŵĿַʩʱͻȻ볤Ƥһ۾
ӶʱĴ볤ˣ볤ˡ
ַ΢΢һЦҲջơ
볤գգۣһȻʹӴ
ҡǺˣ볤Լ壬š
оԼڵѾָ룬˵ľҲڿٵ֮УֻҪϢ죬ӦþͿȬˡ
볤϶ԼƵԣ˽⣬ΪһԼһˣ㲻зϿҲ⣬ʵû뵽Լûָʵ̫˼ˡ
ûˣһԵӼʵ
볤תͷЦЦ԰꣬Ӵַһȭм˵лˣǷһ
볤Ͽˡַ΢΢һЦ˵볤˲ҿȥϢһµĺãʲô˵
볤ϵͷ˵ҲáתͷԳ˵ϣһοҪųˡ
¡ϻӻ֣˵
볤ϸһȥͷϢ
ȵȫ뿪Ŷַ˵ҿղŸ볤ϳԵĵҩ²һɡ
Ͽַղųֵĵҩ֪ⵤҩҩԲһ㣬ղڳַû˵ȻҲö˵ʲô
ַһĴָ޵ϻ۽𾦣ʲôղŸ볤ϳԵĵҩɲͨĵҩǸϹŵƶɵȻϴۿַۣҲ죬ҩЧٻֱ
Ϲŵ˵ĵˣ϶ݵʵ
һõĵСַ˵ͷ˴¡
ַѹ˵ϣһ¯ƶɵģ״ȻҶԼģǱϾǵһҲұ֤֮󣬾һȫ£ԣٺ٣Ѿ֪ˣҲ˵Լûаκ볤ϵˣϾ볤ϳһʲôЧ˭Ҳ֪顣
ЦŶַ˵㣬˵㰡ҩˣ
ϲҰɡַʵַıϲѿַţϲ
ϿַһۣЦЦ˵Сͷ׼ҵӣ֪Ҷ飬Ͳģ㻹ʲôʡ
𿴳ҽ̩ΪȴһҲظŰ壬ͨڽ̵ַҽʱ򣬾͵õ˺ܺõԡ
϶ҽͲų⣬ҶҽҲко˽⣬رҽĸѧʺ϶ǳϤ
ΪΪҽܹȻģҽ֮û䣬ҲûԭģҪҽͱ֪ҽȱ㣬Ӷѧϰӡ֤ҽø
ַԳϵ˽⣬϶ҩ飬ǲųģοַԵҲǶҩҩǾ͸ûˡ
Ȼ飬ֻܱ˵˵ǾԲ˵ȥ֪ġ
µΪֹ˶ղĲ˵
ַ粻˵ҩ飬ȴѳ׵ȡһ˳
ַ罫ŵҩϣϸ鿴ҩĳ˵ϣǳ׵ŵҩĿǰΨһƵֵҩ
׵ҩ˾߱Чҩڵ߱Чãһֱȳ׵ĵҩǶ˻ǶˣЧ
ҿ۾¸߰ŵҩһһ鿴ʱİѵҩڱӵ£š
֮󣬳ϵɫһ˿˷ܣһ˿Ź֡
ǹŷҩζôЩԾŵҩ˵
Ȼ˵Сַ⣬ѳϵֹ˸š
ַҲһЩҩĵҩһΪЩҩĲϣϵвҩǹ½ĲҩζЩһģеַǲַͬʹħе͹Ŵǲһġ
Ͽַ磬ʵЩҩҿԳһ𣿡
Ҫ֪ҩȷʵЧͨԼƷҲʵķ
㡣ַ˵ͷ
׵ԥİѳ׵ŵҩһ죬Ѹڻ


467 
ҩڣϵıһ䡣
û뵽ⵤҩڣȻ̷ǻֱڻΪҺҺûһ˿ʣɼⵤҩĲһ㡣
ҩʺ£ʹʺﶼһůůĸоůůĸоһֱӵ˳θóϵһ
õõϾϲĽе
ö׵Чǳǳ״ҩЧĵҩ
һŵУҲ͸ղһھѸٵںϣֻЧͳ׵෴ҩ֮󣬲ůůĸоһֱĸоֱĸоܣ˸оǳ
׵϶ѾԳԹˣȻûˣǴ˷רңԳԹ󣬶ڵҩҩԣҲյİ˾Ųʮˡ
Ͽȷַû˵ٻû˵ٻǰѵҩЧ˵ˣֵҩЧҪַ˵ģҪǿ
ǿЧĵҩϻǵһ
Ҳŵ
ڲãҲںϣΪŨŨ֭Һ˳ź볦θ
ζƫһֱĸо
µҩ󣬱۾ζŵҩڷҩЧ
֮󣬳۾п˵ŵϦֵ֮꣬ҩ޺ˡ
ַЦ˵ɵˣǼŵҩѣô˵޺棬ҪǼŵҩѳϳҵɾʹȥˡ
ϹһЦ˵⻰ҲԣҪΪ˼ŵҩȥҲֵ̫ˣΪĵҩȥ»治ǲܵ顣
˶٣˵ĵҩ治һģҴҽʮ꣬ǵһֵҩȻϹŵ
ַ˵ϣҵĵҩô
˵ô˵ȻǶõĵҩд˵ҩˣҩ
ͻȻʵַ磬ֵҩԴûЩҩ
ЩҩҩЧһۣǹ˵ĸ
ַ˵ҵȷдЩҩ뷨ҲʳϣļʶΪⵤҩۼ۶ǮһţӦʲôʽгۣ
ʵۼⵤҩɱôʱƳɹɹΡ
ϣɱ̫ߣΪҩĲϣĲϣչŴҩЩҩĲϣΪְ꼶ݣڹŴִܶ࣬ȴҵݣ辶ҩĴЩݣȻҩЧ󽵵ͣǳɱȴҲŽҹһŵҩĳɱᳬһɡ
Ĳϣǹ½ͨĲҩڹ½֪˵ֻҪǮӶˣͿҰɼһֲҩ
ַֻΪ̧ҩۣ԰ѳɱ࣬˵Ҫɱһ顣
Ҳŵͷ˵ɱһ򣬻󡣡ŵҩҩЧ˵ɱһĲˡ
ҩģ۸ǺܹģҰɽΣۿ۸񻹹ˣһССҰɽξͿʮĸ߼ۣһĳɱͺܵˡ
ַ˵ɱ󣬵ͱϾ鷳ˣΪҩֹֻܴͲܽлеӹƳɵĵҩǳ٣ٶҲȽ
רĻһʮţӦû⡣
żʮţ̫ˡͲðʧҡҡͷ
ַ˵ϣĿǰоļֻһȻҲǲ࣬ǵȵоģķǿͶеʱÿĵҩɾͶˣԲϻǲõĵġ
ҶԹҩ̫ϤҲ֪ЩҩӦۼ۶ٲźʡ
ϳĬ˵۵Ļ׵ȼһۼʮһţЧǷһĲ֢ҲòĳЩ֢ʹˣۼ۰һš
׵ۼʮһţۼ۰һţǳΪַ綩õļ۸
ַöݣԹԣһĹߵġ
ַɵϣ۸᲻̫ˣ
ΪֵҩûгɱַϣֻҪַԸ⣬Ҳڹ½ַһţǺܸߵļ۸ʮһţ̫ˡ
ϰڰ֣˵׻˵úãɽûҽ磬̫еŵϺõҩۼǷǳ˵ģ۸ԽҲԽ֤ҩĵƷʡ
ԣҩĶۣԲܵˣ̫ˣͲֵǮˣҲ˵Ӻϧ
һ£ͬĵҩһۼһһۼʮϸһֵҩЧرǵ㲻ȱǮʱԸһֵҩ
ǵǱʶ۸ԽĶҲƷʴԽãʵǲǼ۸Խ󣬶Խãȴһġ
΢Цھĵҩ˵ʮļ۸ѾܱˣܹʹЩҩˣȱǮҪǰѵҩļ۸񽵵ˣǼҩﷴˣҪǲţܿһԡ
ַҲһЦ˵ųϵжϣͲˡ
ϣЩҩҪôأϿ²ֵ֪ҩҲһţҩҩЧ
ȴǺٺٵЦһַָ˵һˣͷˣҰҩõĨǣ
ַ粻˼Ц߶ͣ¿ֻܽЧˡ
ҽ̩ڹҲŹ㷺ֻҪϰַҩҩ϶
гƣҲỳɵҩЧ
ҡҡͷЦ˵ϱǷСӵġã飬Ͽ϶ǻӦġ
ʱòٰΪַ绹ﲻҩĳ̶ȣֻܹҩЩҩͶг
ʵϣҩˮЧҪЩҩǿҲѸ٣ҩˮĳɱ̫ˣЧҲ̫̫ˣֱӳۡ
һƿҩˮĹɱ5ңǴҲҪ4һƿûгɱĵҩ˵ҩˮĳɱɾ̫һЩ
ҪǣҩˮЧ̫ǿˣʲôκã󲿷ֵˣҲҪҩˮǲ׳ǰģǻַվڷ˼⣬Ϊַ鷳
ЩҩͲһˣǳɱͣĲϣڹ½ؿɼֻҪӶ˽вɼͿˣϷÿԺԲƣҪֹѣȽϸһЩ
ַĿǰҲڸĽдģӶʵĿġ
ͳɱټټϲ׵ЧܹЩҩȫ
ȻҪɣһĿ꣬Ҫַ飬Ŀǰ˵ֻǸո𲽶ѡ
ַУָ;ĵҩݵĵҩҲǿĵҩβ˵ĵҩЩҩеҽϵӶַ¢ϵϵҩƷ졣
ַйҽҩļƻУյĿꡣ


468 ڴˣϣ
ҩʱϾҩûﵽĳ̶ȣͲ߱۵
ַ֮󣬶Գ˵ϣģĵطΪ˿㿴𣿡
һ㶣ϷӦ˵ˣɣ
ǸöҲһ˫нͨ˵߲ʲô飬Բϻ³׳
ǺöΪһ仰˫գȻҲ棬ؼͿûǷڳջ档
ַȴǲô³ģַԸһĺ
رҩ£ԽҩƷԽĻ˼Ҷ֪˭ٵ˻ҩ
֮ҲƷЧӦ
룬˵ɣܽĲҲˣµԼѧʲô飬ԺҲңʱ䣬ҿΪһЩͷĲˣκˣȻҲͰȥˡ
ַм˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
ҡҡ֣˵˵ʲô鷳Ǿ̫ˣҲҵЩѣܹһξεĻᡣ
ˡ˵볤κõģ˵Ҳ㣬Ҫʲôꡣ
ҪʲôꣿַЩˣַڲȱǮòҲ볤ϵǶ
ַ룬˵϶ⷽ棬ҿɲҪĻҪʲôꡣ
ЦЦ˼˵ȡı˶ģʨȻŴɵţû֣ѾǰҲûжٺöҺǵϴЩ飬Ҳ̫Ϊǡ
ԣĹأʨţǻҪǸľᣬоͨһڣ٣Լˣû˻پģͨһڣո
һڣ
ַССĳһϵθڻǲСһξ׬һڣ׬ǮٶҲ̫ˣʲô׬Ǯһȣȫˡ
ַԭԼĵҩǲǼ۸ߣںͳϵҪһȣַ綨µĵҩ۸񣬾ķǳˡ
ƺַ֪ʲô˵ЩţǮˣڻ˵һڼǧ򣬻ĲʲôǵǮҲǰ׸ģǻԹ˾׸ҵľᣬҲú˵һá
ַ֮ǰ˵ϰЩĻó˺ܴһ֣ᣬרЩҪðˣĹģ൱ˣʲѾڣڹڵӰҲǷǳġ
ַ֮ǰҲڵ˵ᣬȴû뵽ǳϴġ
ѾһȺְҵȥϺȥܻ飬ȻĴȨյĳϵУʱʱĻԻв鿴ӶȷС
һβҪһڣһ˾뻨ǮҲ벻ϣǳϳֿˡ
ַͷ˵ϾͰ˵İɣԾͿˣҲΪһ⡣
СϵͷӦûϣ̫ľڳϿҲʲô˵顣
ַֺ˵еϸڣҺַȷÿ˿ѡƵļ
ΪַȷĲ˲ʮˣʮ˵ıɶ򵥣ϵŵ˳Ǿ̽ͷˡ
ַҪܹǵĲ֢κˣܹѸٵĽԼ硣
Ҳ飬֮󣬵ַ棬͸Щһһ绰
绰һͨʹһӵȻʶϲĵ绰룬ֱӿʵϣû绰ˡ
Ǻǣæѧҽء
Ͽ氮Цҽõѧҽ𣿡
ҵҽƨҪҽߣͰүӵĲκˣҲ̱ôꡣ
ûйϵǼүӲ̫ˣ˵ˣҪϳ֣ǼүݺˣĻڡ
ˣϻͲ˵ˣǸһǼͷоˡ
˵ҵǼүӵķˣ
ϸɴĺܣֱ˵ûҵҵҽǼүӲĸˣλ˾ҼңҵϣλԸΪǼүӿһҪԸĻ͸ϽǼү͹
ϣ˵ģ˵̫ˣš
õź㿪ЦͲ㡣
ϱ˵ˣͣϾͣ𣿡
ԣҼңҿǵһ͸Ǵ绰ˣҲǡ
ȥţܵǡ
Ǿɣҹˡ
õĺõģæ
Ϲ˵绰תͷַһۣ͵ղڸҴĵ绰ҵүӽʮˣ˵һһ˶Ŀ֮һǰЩүзˣȻҾ˻˼ұϾʹˣ̱ë϶жȻ˼ʹˣҪܹκ̱˼̹ĻϼӣҲҵһԸ
ַ˵ϷİɣڣϿ϶û¡
ЦЦȻָڶ˲˵绰
ڳϴĵ绰ԷЩ棬ȵ˳ϵĻ󣬶ԷһͷҲסˣæʾһᾡ
ĵ绰һӵ绰ˣ׷ױʾ̵ʱڸԤõˣڽˣ֮ǰҲᵽ
ִύͨЩֶǴݵˣ˵ˣбҪɻҲῪ
ϲ̫ǵ̫ˣֻ֪ͨˣַκˣ֪ͨµĲˣһһơ
ϾĵطҲޣҪһѷĶ˹ɾûطΪṩסˡ
Ԥϵûдҹֱĺַ羫һѾڱ·һֱܾĽһ˱ҽԱֱϱָ̧ű̧˱
ϽӵϢҲ˹ΪҲַ˽ܣλ˾ǳϵһ绰֪ͨϣΪз磬̱
һģһӣϵӣֽ׿
׿ȳСһгϳ塣
Ϊַ׿˽ܡ
׿Ŀַ磬Щɵʵ壬˵λˣ
Ȼף׿ʲôͷ˵ַڵ绰˵ĸˣַҽҸߣβõĲΣϵĲҪַֻشˡ
⡭׿ɫɡ
ѹ׿ֱ飬ʵַ̫ˣһҲһλҽ߳ҽرǶҽ˵ַ̫ˡ


469 ڴˣ£
׿Ĺǣַ֪˵ǿڳϵϣΪϿģ֪ڵʲôŲңҲӦųϵ۹ģϿ˿û
˶٣ַӣȻ˵οɲΪβҪΪβҪǲҵҽǿ
һİǷǳбҪģĻʲôƢûУױ˿ˡ
׿һ˵ӦܹҵĹǣҲ˵Ķԣ۹ǲģų壬Ϊүүһ
šַ絭һߵϵߣΪϰѾһͣ˵Ե÷ǳϣɫҲЩ԰ף͵ԭҲΪ̱ڴԵʡ
ϵзȽأѾ̱ҲܵӰ죬б˵˻
ַŰĶʵľȴѾϵɨһ飬ϵĲ飬Ѿ̵ʱڣַա
ϵзѾ˱ȽصĽ׶ΣҪЩõ˺ܺõҽƾΣϵĲ飬ٵǼˡ
Ĳ飬ַֻҪһƿҩˮ㹻κá
ַֻ粢׵ĶҩˮַԼҽҽκãҲַڳѧϰҽĿġ
ַѾʼϽơ
ַ罫ѹϵİٻѨϣɫĹâַķյϵͷϡ
Щַ羫Ŀ£˳ŰٻѨ뾭Ѩʼ̼ϵܣʹָ
Ϊĳַ֣ʩȹ̣ʹһصɫʣһԿŵ׿Ȳѡ
ڿλַдµˣڴţ
˵ҲǣôܻƭԼϽܵˣд
뵽׿ʱһ˿ڣڸղ˵ЩԵĻЩҲó϶ԼӡΪ֣ʵǵòʧ
׿ЦҡҡͷѾţһ£Ҫβ˫֮Ĺϵˡ
׿ı仯ûӹַĹۿַǴһ˿Ц⣬ַףԼһ֣׿˿̵Ǻˡ
ַûϵˣ˭Լҽء
ʱһһĹȥַĲʩ£ϵɫȴԽԽã𽥵Ļָ˵ĺ֮ɫбҲ𽥵õơ
СʱһСʱСʱСʱϵ̬Ѿָ˲ûʲôͬ
ַǰ̽̽ӣϵߵ˵ϸоô˵𣿡
ţܡ˵죬촽һϸ΢˵촽Ʈ˳
׿ˣ̶̵Сʱƣүүͱκˣ⡭ⲻܰɣ
׿̲סҲߵߣߵеүүҰ׿㻹ǵ𣿻˵𡣡
Ͽ׿ǵĶһ£촽΢ţ˵Ҽǵá
򵥵֣׿׻׿̲ס˫һᡣ
׿үүĸǳãүүзܿģ׿͸оܣڿүүָܹ˵ʱơ
̧ƣ׿ļ¶һ˿Ц⡣
׿үү˼̰Լ˸ɾүү˵үүİɣ֪ôģҲġ
촽˶յ˵ͷ
׿վ̶ַһϹ˵лκүүĲȫҶǵĶ飬ʲôҪĻԾᣬֻҪҵΧڣҴңԴӦ㡣
ַȴҡҡͷ˵ȣǿڳϵϣŸβģ㲻Ƿһ飬Ƿ˳ϵ顣
׿ЦǷȥˣҲ¶һ־үүһݶˣҼǵţԻᱨġ
׿ɲͨˣﾫأַҽ׿ΪԾַҽˣ׿Ͳú׽׽һ˫Ĺϵ˵һΪ顣
ַЦҡҡͷ˵ɡ
׿ҲһЦһ˵үүǲͽˣ
ַ˵ô򵥵飬ɽȥ˿үүĲ˵ɲһܹκõģҵĹƣүүٻҪ˲ָܻ
ҲõģϵĲѾκˣѾˣµľǻָˡ
ѾüƣֻҪȥͿˣôӦþͲҶˣǼҵıҽӦö֪Щ顣
׿˵þ˵˵ôɣȻҼҲбҽǵˮƽôܹأҪܹ˵˵ӦôһӷһЩ
ҲУҾͼ˵˵ɡַͷͰصĵүӵķ˵һ顣
׿һһʣԵö·ǳģԲŻ档
һӵʱ䣬ַͰѵ飬һˡ
л׿ٴεл
ַЦ˵ˣлңҪллϰɡ
׿˵λҵĴˣҶӦõл˵ллӦõġ
˺ˣ˵Щˡַ翴׿Ŀ׿ϣɨһȦſ˵үүĲѾˣôأϵĲҪҪҲһΡ
ϵĲû׿˵
ַЦҡҡͷ˵֪£ΪԵҲĲһҲүүĲᣬΪֲڵ˵ļ֮һٲȥƣˡ
ôʲô׿ԴѾЩˡ
ֱַָָӵؿڣ˵ĲڷҶϣһϸĳѨ򵥵˵˷ΰ
ΰзΰ׿ȫϢˣȫ󲻵ֱӾȻһ֢ߡ
׿æַ˵ôܻǷΰ֮ǰģûвϸӰ
ַŵ˵ûĻϵİϸӦģû̫ĸоר԰֢ļ飬ºҳΰĲ䲿λ
ûиоܲȻܲżʱ򣬻ܸоҶЩʹĸо
׿һ㶣Իһ£Ҳ˵ôһ£ѵǰ֢Ĳ̡
˵׿ȫɵˡ
׿Ҳ벻Լ˰֢
׿ʧǵģַ簲οõģķΰڣȥͨĴҽԺҲкܴϣ
׿ȴһ飬ַ磬ʵⲡκ𣿡


470 
׿ȴһ飬ַ磬ʵⲡκ𣿡
ַ˵׿ϵĲ̫ˣȻ˵ǰ֢ˣʵЩ岡䣬ǶصֻҪһƿҩˮͿȫ
ַѧϰҽҽ幹֮󣬶һĲ֢ǲҩˮˮϵҲԱ֤
׿ֲ̫صİֻ֢ҪַԸ⣬ڶʱڣһϡ
ַȻ׿ϵļȴûдΪơ
ַЦЦί˵ȥҽԺһ°ɣȥҽԺҲκãҾͲˡ֮⣬ֱκõĲַ粻м֡
׿һ£˵ͷַȻչʾ˺ܸߵҽǵƾַһ仰ȷԼ˰֢̫ϷһЩ׿ҲȥҽԺ飬
ϱȥϢ׿Ҳ뿪
ַͳ˵һᣬйзĲ飬ԼƵķ뿪
صַ磬һ㣬ڤ룬ȻڽսмܵȵսʱѾ磬ַ绹û˯Ĵ㣬һ¯ҩ
ַһƵĵҩа֮ǰƵͳ׵һ˵ĵҩһβĵҩ
˼壬ð԰ٲڴ󲿷ּӦöЧ
ַڤһӣָ״̬ſʼư
֮ǰĵҩȼҪһЩҲû̫ѣַսѾоʵ磬һγɹƳһ¯
ڶ죬ϴ绰֪ͨĲˣ½Ϊַ˽ܣҲΪַöԷΣĻڿհַģû˻ַӵи߳ҽӲԼַơ
˳ϵĴߣǾȫͬˣ㲻ַ磬Ҳῴڳϵϣַҽһԡ
ַԴȴʮ㣬ܶԷʲô֢аգܹκõġ
󲿷ֵĲַ֢綼Լʩƣʵ̫أԼ޷ˣʹһƿҩˮѲκãҩˮǲó˵µģԴӱַֻҽ߳ʲôκá
һƣַ粡˵Ľ֤ԼҽҲû˻ַҽ
һҹϵкתԼַ磬ַ˵˺óһĻȻַܹκԼǷǳмģԻҲһЩ
ַԴ˲⣬ӦŻأַĵϵĳƪۡ
һľһСʱ֮ʵЩˣЦеķַ뿪
ַЩϵ̬һǳڶԼĸмһҲΪ̱̫֮ûк˵ߵȽǿңԲŻֱ֡
߳䣬ַȴſ׿
ַʵѾ֪׿ſѾһˣΪϺԼ˵ûнţһֱȵԼ׿˹
ַ׿ɫһľ壬ַһͷϿҵ˵ԭҽĻɡ
ַЦЦ˵ˣųμ棬ȱ˽⣬ûҲԴˣҳ⡣
˶٣ַʵңΪϵĲ𣿡
׿϶һĨεɫ˵ǣΪԼϵĲ
ַ˵ô˵ѾȥҽԺˣ
׿һĨΣ˵ǵģлѣԽҾȥҽԺ˼飬˵ҵķҶһӰҽԺĻ飬ǰ֢
׿ַ˵ĻŰɣϾ֢ڻǺѱֵģַһûûʹֻǼ򵥵ĿԼһۣȻ֪Լ˰֢һ׼ȷ˵ԼķҶ˰֢׿ַĻԽĲ
Ǿ죬ҽԺһ֮׿ȻˣףôܲҽĻأÿҽ׿Ѿַ統ҽ
뿴ɣҽԺƬѪҪȡҶĻϸ⣬һʹļȷ׿˰֢ҽȴǼ򵥵Ŀһۣ֪Լ˰֢˫Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
֪׿ŲɵȥҽԺ飬Ƿݻ
ҲΪ˼飬׿ų׷ˣҽҽȻǰճܹȥġ
Ҫǿ˼ΪҽǾȫˣΪַ粻ͨˣ˼ҽҽȻĵطǰճʶܹȥġ
ַȻ֪׿뷨ǰοҲ̫ģѾΪ㿴ˣȻǰ֢ڰ֢ڣãֻҪȥҽԺƾûˡ
׿ȴЦҽԺҽҲô˵ģǰ֢Ͼǰ֢еҽֶΣҪκϵĲҲҪһأڼ»ҪܺܶһΣϵëҽˣмʲôҪĻҲԾ
ַ룬˵Ҳ֪֢һĲЩһͨĲΪҽˣǰ֢˵ҲǼֵĲ֢²ҽΣҪΪֲ֢Ĳҩġ
ַ˵ǲףβã׿ϲ׿æ󵽣ҽҽĸģȾȰѣʲôҪ󣬿ԾֻҪҾ޶ΪĵҩģҲһṩҪʲôҩģԸһ嵥
⡭ַŵ˵ͷ˵ΪκĲҪʹһЩҩģĲ֢ҽԺҲκãԭǲֵģǼȻ˵ԵˣҾͳһΰɡ
˵ŻַԼĻһץóһֽҩ裬ҩŵ׿׿˵ƵβʥҩĲֻ֢ҪðͿԵõΡ
׿ӹҩ־ϲæ˵лҽҩ
ַҡҡ˵ҽ֮ͲҪ˵ˣһᣬɳܲƺ
׿æ˵ǣͰ˵İ죬ҵҽ֮֮
ַЦЦ˵ȥҩɣҲÿҩ﷢ЧӶ׼ȷĲ֢
ǣߣȥҷɡ
á
ȥ׿ķ䣬˷׿ûԥµҩԭˮͷһ£뵽ⵤҩھͻˣҩڻĺܳףûһ׿ڵҩЧҲġ
ڶַ磬Ƿ׿ɨȥӶ鿴ڣЧ
׿Ҳַƺð֮󣬵һõˡ
֮ǰЩˣΪַ̫Ҳҩ׿Ͳͬˣ׳ϸպа֢ҩòˡ
׿Ȼ֪еĻΪԼܹõҩմմϲء


471 
׿°ַľһֱ׿ϡ
ַ羫Ĳ鿴£Կҩڽ׿󣬾ڻΪҩҺ׿ĳθȻѸٵıθգӶתΪһֶЩٷ֮ʮգİٷ֮ʮԶŷҶĲ䲿͹ȥ
Ҷϵİ֢λܵĳˢʼԶϸҽϣḶ̫́˳յĽϸһ룬ǻһûб
һŰҩȻβ׿İ֢
ַһ߲鿴һʵоô
׿üͷİ˰ؿڣ˵оۣܵҩЧʼ𣿡
ַһЦ˵ǵģҩЧѾʼЧǸҵĲ鿴һŰ㹻κİ֢ҪŰκ㣬ţͷ͵µŰÿĸСʱһŰʱΪ鿴һ¡
ַƣŰ㹻κ׿ϵİ֢ÿСʱһţǲ׿̫ĸСʱһţڲӰ£ȥҶϵİ֢
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ĳɱҪȳ׵ӵƵַҲӵļһЩַҪԸ⣬ڶʱڴư
Ϊƹյļ򵥣ַѾѰƷںҳ޵ĴڣӶܹư
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ȻͬҲΪҩ̫ǿַҲǲȫ۰ģֻһķΧڳ۰Ͼҩ̫ǿЧҲ̫ˣȫۣȫĿ⣬Ҳ̫̰־Ŀǰַ˵ɲʲôõ顣
ַں׿ʹ÷Ͼ˱ķĽ
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Ȼַ²µĲˣַ磬ǲھͿԽơ
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ڽʱַֽӴλˣҵǵĳ缲κãַ£Ľ
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Ҳ֮飬Ҿ޸ӸλֻҪ㻹ˣôͶ㲻ϲôһҽ߳ҽ˵ҲֵصͽĶ
ַҽѾķڷĿɿڴĵزʶַҽˣﶼѾ˰ľǾǾԲַܵ磬ҪŬͽַ硣
Ͼ˭Ҫҽʱ򣬾㲻ΪԼǣҲҪΪԼļ˿ǣܹʶַҽ߳ҽ˵ԵΪҪ
йַݣҲЩ˺Ͳ˼д֪ǰַ磬΢һַݣ̾ͻ˸йַ¼
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ַ书Ѿ˲²쾳磬ڴ֮ǰ˶˵Ϊַ̫ˣڼַ籾ˣַʩչҽĹ̺ȴвѾ£Ϊַչֵҽ̫̫߳ˣֻ֣顣
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ǿɲ˵˵ѣַַҪȫɷݣֻܳǮҲԸġ
ΪǺַĿģΪ׬ǮΪ˽ύַ磬ַֺ硣
ַȴҲһͷҲĸˮ档
˿̫̫࣬ҲǶţëַܹһˣǵһˣҲͳεҪյˣҪΪַ¡
ֿǣַûоܾ׳ĺںϵַָ֮˺ķҽ䷽֪ͨЩˡ
ַĺҲȽϿ̣ԷҪ˳ǮأַҪַҪǣԼռаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣԷֻռݰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣٷ֮ʮĹɷݣֻзֺȨûתȨ
ַݺ򣬻κһҵǲӦˣһȺˣȴû̫ĿǣַͬҪ
ʵǿǵĺΪĺһǸַǮΪ˺ַǿϵڹɷݰرǵĿǷΧڣǵңǸͲȱǮֻҪַԸǺԸǱϵǾѾ㣬ԼĿġ
˫˵Ǹȡ衣
ʱǣ̫ǩµһݺ򣬽δԼ档
һȥˣڶһ磬׿ҵַ磬ַ翴ԼĲǲѾˡ
ʵ׿ûйַҲ֪ĲѾˣַ羫Ĳ鿴ΧڣַʱԲ鿴׿״̬׿Լ֪ԼĲѾõʱַȴѾԼһѾ֪׿İ֢ѾȬ
ַ糯׿һۣЦ˵ϲİ֢Ѿˡ
лллл׿м˵ɫ
Դ֪Լ˰֢֮׿ͷѹҲǿ֪֢Ǿ֢ǰ֢ڣҲôκõģʱĿܣڱַκãȥһĲˡ
׿˵лĻͲ˵ˣүү־ңǼҵĴˣԺʲô飬ֻҪкһҾûж
ĺˣԺ϶в鷳ĵطַЦŵ˵ͷ
׿ƽһ¼飬ЩĿʵ˵µҵչҵͦһҵģܲҲκһţ
ϱûв͸ǽֻǾһ죬׿ȻҲ֪顣
ַɻʵҲȤҼǵ˵ھ﹤ġ
Ȼ׿ֻ˳һ䣬ַǼǵ׿һˣȻְǵλӦò̫ͣҲְľ١
׿˵Ǹ֮ǰ˵ˣҵȷһְľˣĳĲıұǲ̵ܾģҰȴˣҺܿĿҰ
ַЦЦʵУȻĿڣһʲô˵ģӦҲ˵ҵ˰ɣҵǺ̵ܿģܽ𡣡
׿ȻҲʹַԴȴǲģæ˵Ѿ֪ˣϸ룬ռ˱ˣΪκһҹ˾˵ҲؼĲ֣ռ͵һУǳ


472 ̲
ʱһĹȥµæµ֮󣬳ĲˣѾַȫ
ڴڼ䣬ַκõĲ˹ưʮˣȵԤƵʮˣʮˡ
Ҳû취飬ַκõЩУҲˣһַƵĶҲͶʮˡ
Һֶַηͬһ㣬϶ߣԲڶ̶̵İʱڣκðʮλ֢ߡ
ʵϣ⻹ַ粻עĿĺĻַͲôʱ䣬ֻҪÿ˳ϼŰʲôκˡ
˵ҲһʱƣЩ˵ߣ
ַβ϶ʹõİڲ뿪ʱ򣬻һһŰЧЩ˿ᣬԶŰɱ֣صղ
ַҲǣЧԶڵĸֲ֢ƺƵЧǵʱβõĲһŰҲƼã˵ĵҩ
˰⣬ַ绹ΪÿһСƿҶֹѪɢҶֹѪɢҩһֽҶСݣֹѪرЧʲôˣֻҪһҶֹѪɢ̼Чƿ˵ϵȺҩ
ҶֹѪɢ㲻ʲôҩˣַֻҶᴿ֮õĲҶĲأǹ½
ַ͵Ʒ˶ǳ֣صղҲڹؼʱǿġ
ַȻͳȥٶջҲͬС
κõİʮλУַʮ˴˺򣬿ڸк
ַĿǰҪչ硢ҽƺͲһ飬ϲúǺҽƺͲһҪǵĴˡ
ôһȺ˵ĳַ߻Ŀں̵ܶʱڣɡ
ĺϸڣͲַȥˣַֻҪƶ滮ʣµ飬ȻԱȥɡ
һ飬ĳҲලҲõĻʲôӡ
Ͽǰַ磬Щįĳ̾һ˵޲ɢ֮ϯ̵ܽĶѾ̸ˣҲ뿪ʱˡ
һµദַҲѳϵɳڵ뿪ʱַҲдį飬ַæ˵ϣҪȥҼסɣһҲʱʱһҽϵѧʡ
ȴҡҡͷįɫȻЦˣǸϲ徲ĵطͲ߶ˡ
ַͷ˵ҲУпվͻϵġ
Ц˾͸ȥ˸飬ϼһͲˣҲⵢǵʱ䡣
˵Цˣϣɲ㵢ʱ䡣ַЦ
ǺǡЦҡҡͷ˵˵ЩˣҲ춯ɣɲҪϷɻʱ䡣
ַ統Ĵ㣬һȥ۵һˣӶҿжܡ
ɻƱѾ충ˣ11ĺ࣬ȥʱոպá
ں¡¡ķУͻļɡ
ͷȲգַ͸ڿ𽥱СĴأ΢΢
ãҪ𣿡ʱһַĶ
ַһͷһƯĿս㣬СͣԼߡ
ַͷƯĿսʱ΢΢һЦٴ˵ҪЩʲô𣿡
ַ糯СϿһۣ˵̲ɡ
õģԵȡսӦһٶΪַ絹һ̲裬ҽ̲賯ַ
ַֽӹ̲裬ʱ򣬷ɻҵĻζһ£սһȣͳַˤȥ̲ͬʱҲַ絹ȥ
ַһܣڿڷɻϣڵһǵ˼ҿս棬治ܶܣǸһ˿ЦֻЩ̲赹Լϣͬʱһ֣ס㵹Ŀս㣬ˤԼϡ
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ú˵ϻָʲô˵С𣿡˵䣬ַַ˫ָм䣬һֻɫ򼡣
ֻĸͷǲССĴָĴԴϻһϺɫļݣǶݲϿ˺ҧַַָ̫ˣô˺ҧ޷ҧַƤַֻܱεļָС
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ʱַ˶ַָ̧ɱµ𣬾һָ
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ֻ˵ɳŶռϷ硣
ʵϣ˫Уɳüζ˶ԷĶɳַΪ׼ĽⶾһŽⶾȥһСʱЩص˺ɳսڡ
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һԹսַ磬ȴҡͷɳȻԼ֧֣̫ˣڶͬǽͷʦֵʱҲȡʤˡ
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ˣʱҲоԾˣһΪ׵ˣһݻʹ˻ܵˡ
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šַһҲɳԹԵĳŻȥ
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ͻȻ䣬ˮеĵطٺĻϢȥˮ谭ĳַ˹

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⻰˵ˣһɺ磬ַйϵΪַڶѨԪغĵĶڣԺŻᱬ
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ʱһһĹȥ鷢ˣѾнͷʦ񶴵¶ȣ
񶴵ıаҪˣҪˣ
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˭֪ڴʱᣬǺö˭õ˻ᣬ˭սУܼһ
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ַͻȻЦЦ˵ʱĲ֪˵ʲôãԼûȥ飬ˣ벻Ͷô˵ѵĶΪҵĶôõţ
ַĸоܺЦѵǾͲ֪Լܹ񶴣ܹ飬ԼǿѵͲԼ𣿾ȻԼ
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ɳһ˵꣬ͷʦǶһеĽͷʦϣһɷŭɳһ仰û˵ϰȷǳǿû˻ϰĶ֡
ͷʦưѷɷֵַĺǿ󣬵ǲнͷʦӵгġ
ȺһĽͷʦͻȻһЦڻһʱ϶һǹǹĵĶ׼ַ硣
ʱĽͷʦͻȻַ糯Լ˹ҶԼ΢΢һЦ
ͿַָԼһ㣬һߴַָ˹߻ͷʦĶͷĽͷʦ߶һĵȥ
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һͷʦϵǹͻȻŭĽģȻǹˡ
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ȻʹǹеĽͷʦڣȴԲܵ˵óʹãǾԲ顣
ήͷʦʹǹе飬ΧͷʦķŭȴҲͬΧͷʦĿ־塣
Ϊ̫ˣôϢģһˡ
ٽͷʦﶼһǷκˡ


485 ɱ
ԭڳĽͷʦǣΪַֻǷǿ
ڴ˵ѿַĹһǿޱȣǱǹеǿͲֿܹġ
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ڳһٶͷʦһɲСˣڸղŵսУٶ˵ĹȻҲκβַ磬ѾӰоַƺǲսʤĴڡ
ټɳɿ𣬲ٽͷʦĶַǿҪܹôһǿߵ飬ƺҲһ顣
رЩǿĽͷʦǶԴĶѡ
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˵ʵһΪ˵ַʱģַһʼҲû뵽ҪշЩͷʦԵһַ̣Ҳ˼һҪôˡ
ţȻѾշǣĳǱ泼һɲСǵļ룬һ̣ǳιˡ
ЩˣǺбҪεץġ
뵽ַһӴָóϻⱬ嶼
ˣֻܿ⣬ȴַ֪ʲô
ʱһһĹȥܿСʱ͹ȥˣٽͷʦֵؿַĻ⣬ʲôҲ
ַ粻Щ飬ȴһЩͷʦ˼Χһͷʦһҿһۣĵľȥ
أԽԽԶѾϢʮס
ŵվҪ뿪
ʱ򣬻һ˳Ķͷıֻü΢΢һͱž㵵ףȥ
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нͷʦȻǰԼǧҪϰǰʲôСˡ
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ֹ˰Сʱһգַ³ǵǰ
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486 ڿ
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ÿһɵʱ򣬾һ䵽ϣȻʲôҲоǶʯʵԣȴ֡
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ַĵͷɳȥЩͷʦйͨռЩͷʦϣַԼһԵȴ
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ֳַѰ⾵ָԼʩһȻ״̬ɽ
״̬µַ磬ֳѰ⾵ڿΧתһȦڿԪزѾȻѡһûע⵽ĵطʩչɳħʯɰʹþɰŲƿӶٵĽھ
ħǿͱһΣٴֳԭӲɽ壬ַħ֮£ɰӶڿһбַУ𽥳Ρ
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ôһķˮ߰һûġ
һңһˣһ龧ʯڵʶԲֵǮһ½ת־߰ڣǮҲ̫׬ˡ
ַһƬȣƬڸɾˡ


487 Ϸս
ϵħȻڶŵƣڿϣȴʲô
Ϊڹ½ǿصĵطԪرضǳܼӶħԣϵħֵطڿǺɿеĿڳġ
ڹ½ڿȻħʦǿʹԭʼڿʽ³ͷɽڿ
ڵϣһͻøˡ
ȻҲħԪصĴڣǵԪػϾ͹½ͬڵϣûôħڣҲûôԪؿԲ
ͱǰɽ
ɽҪڹ½ԻǿԪؿԣ޷ʹϵħھ򣬵ڵϣħȴ͵ʹַܹ׵ʹϵħھ
һ龧ʯھɹַļ鳹׵ļַӿ춯ھʯ
ַҪĿھʯأھ;Уڳ˺ܶԭеԭȫַռŵ˴ռ
Щʯڹ½ǲֵǮڵֵǮתһۡ
ַԽԽ˷ܣﾧʯĴ̫ˣֱһɽ
ַ˰죬ڵ˼ֵϰҵĶķˮǾˣֵҲԹơ
Ѱ⾵ķӦ˵ַڵĶķˮֻʮ֮һķҪеĶķˮھɾҪһЩʱ䡣
ַ£߲ݵڿھҹڰѰ⾵ʾĶķˮȫ˸ɾ
ˣַ绹ʹþ鿴ΧرЩƷʵ鿴λȻһһ˳
ļ۸ڽһ˳ְЩҲˣַ׬һʡ
Ѱ⾵һۣѾûзԪزеĶķˮַھɾַ뿪
һ֮Уַջ֮󶼳ԼԤڣԼץ˱ˮԪؾڵ˴ԼĶķˮ
һˣûˡ
뿪ַ˼ùס£ɻ˵绰һǱƽҲǸɻͷʦѾˣԺͲΪ˶ˡ
ΪΪ˸˵Ĳˣʢַǰ۵һС
ַ绹ڵ˵ʣҲ˳ƴӦ
Ϣһҹڶַɻǰ۵յϢɻľڻȺַ硣
ڻ棬ɻĽγȥҡ
˵֮ӦǺǵѪйϵڻлǱȽټģַϵѪҲЩ棬ʹоһ¡
ַ緢֣˵ʣˮԪرУرΪѪҪǿһЩԶˮԪصĸоҲǿҡ
ַ绹һҪķ֣ϳˣֵܳǰףҲ˵ѾܣܲŸճ֣̫΢ˣԲŻֵ֡
ܶ˵Ǻ»ǻ£ַҲ˵ֻȻɣַԭͣ죬оһܣǴϷǷһϢַճ̣ϷǷֲˡ
ϷʢƽַϷҲǷǳأԲϷ£ϷǷֲ
Ϸһ̣Ҳ̫ƽǳַ࣬ԼҲæҲ͹˲ϷǷֲķչϷǷֲʵһֱǿһΣϷǷңһӣͰϷǷֲˡ
ַ綩˷ɻƱڵҹͳ˻ǰϷǡ
ַ綯ʱϷǷֲĽڵأһǿװӵϮϷǷֲʵ֧װȣ̫СˣĽڽڰˡ
ܲڣһƬƲҵ
ֲɫҲһƬ࣬ҲԼЩû뵽һε飬ŪôΪƹƲ㣬Եȵַʱ򣬿ŷΣգŷɿ֪ͨܲԶˮⲻ˽𣬵ȵܲԮʱ򣬿ȫ֮ˡ
οܲ᲻ɳԮһأϾһζֵʵ쳣ǿ󣬲ڶ߲룬һѵصľһͲǵĶ֡
뵽˵һΣҴˣҡ
ڶ棬ҽԱ˿ڵĺڸ֣û侮ʯ侲˵Ҫ˵⣬ǶˣϾ˭Ҳ벻ƽȻṫȻΪҷĹƻôңһεΣһġ
ΪƽȺ͸֮ͣսЭģǵȷû뵽ƽȻṫȻȫ湥һû׼һǻǿʱ䣬ǾͱƽȴôֲĽڽڰˡ
ܲô˵һͷ̵ʦ̧ͷһ䡣
϶һ˿Ц˵ܲ·ǳӣڽӵϢĵһʱ䣬ͰϢת᳤ˣԻ᳤Ѿ·ˡ
ԣ۾һ˵˵Ԯˣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ԯˣǻ᳤ˣܲ˵ͻ᳤һˡ
ͻ᳤һˣԾ˵᳤ʵǺǿǾͻ᳤һ˹ƨðѵ᳤Ϳһˣʹһ֧
գʱͻ᳤һˣԮƺܲװ
ʱ򣬿ǰĵĻϣһϢ
һ㶣ɿ˵ܲϢˣ֪ܲڴΣѣҪǱȴ᳤жɻ᳤
Ϣ˵һ飬۾ʱһ˿ɣԷ˵ܲѾˣҿȥ׼һ£ʮӺ󣬳󡣡
Ϣ˵۾Ҳһǿ뿪ˡ
ǲǲ뿪ǲ뿪һûܲ£뿪͵ͬ뱳֯ǻ֯ĳͷģھͲͬˣ֯Ѿ֯뿪Ȼܵͷ
ɲôóģΪɽ֮һС·С·ֻԱȴͨԲԱԳ룬ʾͺˡ
ʱҲܲôˣΪҪ
ʱЩ߲׼ˣ԰ĸȻĳźɽС·ȥЩǰں͵˽ͨʿȴ˲ˡ
Ҳû취飬Ͼ󷽻Գ룬ǰһҲų룬˭ȥֵԷĽʱս߾ͻȫ˭Ҳܲˡ
ֻϧܶ飬ôôģǳ˵ϢҲ֪ôģʹǰʿĶУǰں͵˽ʿʱȻŰͶˡ
ЩʿɲǱֻǹӶѣ˹ǮΪ쾭壬ǹˣȻҲûΪľˡ


488 ׼Ͷ
ѾΧˣϿͶɣͶΨһĳ·Ļֻ·һ
һջûӵھɽʮһСɽͷϣзĻסˡ
￴ŰΧȦʿͶ̹˺װ׳һơ
һЩĻǻлߣǶԷӣ̹˺װ׳ˣ£ǲ߰
ô죿ڸҲɫѿʵ
ʱ򣬿ĵ绰ͻȻˣһ绰ȴǻ᳤ġ
ǻ᳤ĵ绰Ƚӵ绰򵥵Ľһ䣬ͨ˵绰

ǣ᳤
Ѿ֪ǵˣӲӲǿ϶ǶԷĶ֣ȨڿͶԤưСʱڻﵽʱһǵģ㻹ʲô˵𣿡
ﱻ˵ĴһһȻʵ᳤һˣԷһ֧Ӱ
绰ͷַ˵ַ˵֪Էһ֧ԾĺˣҼȻ˵ֻȻµ
ţɣѾٶȣǸȥСʱھͻᵽԾʱ䣬ʵӲˣͶ
ϰ壬֪ôˡµ绰ƺһѵ绰˵һ飺ղǻ᳤绰ģ᳤˵СʱͻᵽټְСʱҪǼֲ˰СʱǼͶ֮󣬻Ӫǵġ
Ӫȣ᳤һ˰ɣ˵䣬ڸüͷ
᳤ֻ֪һˣǳŻ᳤⣬Ѿûѡˡ˵
ڸ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôˣϾڵĴ˵ȴԮͶ֮⣬ûĳ·ȻڸֵټӲĽҲǼ޵ģڴڵͻǰڸָͲҽпʵ飬һڵͰԼء
ǽ޷赲ڵĹǺڸֵǿûԼֵܹܹڵĹ
ڶ̶̵ʱڣڳĸ߲ȡһ¡
ͳһ󣬿̴ĽеҪǿͶҪһЩʱпǣһСʱʱǡ
氲һȻ𣬽еҿͬҪǿԿǿǣǲһСʱʱ䣬һСʱ̫ˣֻܸʮӵĿʱ䣬ʮӺǻͶǵĻھͻῪ𣬵ʱǻʲô³ԼӦ׵ġ
ֻʮʱҲ̫ˡΪʱ䣬ֻܾ
ûѡأֻʮӵʱ䣬ʮӺǲѡͶǵĻھͻ̿𡣡
ֻʮӵ顣һ䣬Ȼ᳤ŵǣͶҲԣ˭ҲͶģһͶ֮󣬿»ܵԷ衣
ԭﻹӵ᳤ڿȴûǸˣʮӺ᳤ǾֻѡͶˡ
ַٶѾǳˣյϷǷֲϢʱ򣬾ѾɻϷǣٶȣ
߼·;ʵ̫ԶһЩַ˫Ҳڶʱڸϵġ
ʮӵʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ʱ򣬶ºˣʱ䵽ˣǿǵôˣסĻᣬҪǻͶҾͻˡ
ȵȣ𿪻Ͷһûа취ֻܴĺͶ
ںͶʱ򣬿Ѿַ˵绰﷢飬˻᳤ˡ
ַֻһֻֿǵôϡ
ֻﰲװ˶λǣʱԸöλҵλãȻٰѿλøַ硣
˵ҪͶԷƺǳˣ̴еԸͶǳãһһŶ߳ס׼ЯҪ͵ط¡
˵ɣǴһȥ̾һķԸ
ﶼ˵ˣҲûʲôͰշԸ͵ط£Ȼųһ֧飬һһ߳ȥ
ſǷ߳ľҲɳװ׳һʿ
ʱûκԷֳװ׳ûзȻҲû˭ʱɵǷġ
һʿѸٵ˹ѿ˿Ѻ
ʱһʿͶߵĴӵ£Ȼ˹
һ٣ĺܸߴҲܽ׳°ͰĿ䵭ʵǿ
￴˶Էһۣĵͷ˵ǵҾǿ
һ˵ҾǻƽȣװУһǵľжҸġ
Ҽǵúҷ֮ǰˣҪǼǻƽȣЩ޴ļһȻܾˣʵ̫ɶˡ
ǵ˸ǴĻ𣿡
ǻƽûк³ģǾϣǾ֮ͺϺʹսЩԶҲ޷սʤֻġ
ﰵҡͷһɷŭڵȴֻһԲֻ̲סĸ𲻷ɫ
װУЦô㻹Ӧ֪ǻƽȵʵǻƽǰ˵ϣѾ̧ˡ
װУ˵ҡҡͷ˵ʱ޷Щϵ̬ܹǻƽһôõ飬Ϊͷô֥һСС棬Ȼǻƽȵݹ֦ʵ޴֮
Ҫǵǽǻƽȵ룬ǻƽȣԵʱǵʲǻƽȻȡһλãأʲôûˣûˣҲûˣǻ˽
װУҡҡͷЦ˵޴˰Ѿ˰ɣϧǣ̫ˣǻƽȶЩһеĴûôݴȻҲõģǲɱǵģϾͷ˹Ͷˡǲɱǵģһȥһõط
˵ǺõطǿװУ̬ƨҲ֪¿Ҫȥĵط治ʲôõط
ȫߡװУһ£ʱʿˣȫ
֮󣬻һɫĽȦҲǵĲϡ
ɫһ䣬ɫĽȦɲʲôöȦңըֻȦ̫ǿǷڲϣһըӵнĺڸ֣ҲΪľұըըϲϡ
ƽȻܵȦըˣȻҲרΪЩ׼
ᱬըȦ֮ǸͲҷˡ
ӣûа취ˣԭһЩ뷨ĿʱҲҶʲôˣֻܵȴ᳤ľԮˡ
᳤˰ɲʧ


489 ս
ֱѺ˽ڿշﱻѺ
ʱĿˣֽűϻȦըѾûһ㷴ˡ
޷ҲϨ˷˼ֻܾȴ᳤ľԮˡ
Сʱ״ַ̬Ѿ˽ıԵ
ݿṩϢԷĻǳǿҲǳ࣬һǧһǧ֮䣬װѵһ֧ټľ񲿶ӣҶԷߵҲȿ٣ԿȫǶԷĶ֣Ľڽڰˡ
һ֧һǧˣװ̹˵ľӣӵеƻ൱µģսУַҲûգֿܹסǵĽ
ǣǶȥ룬ַȴһҲǣ˵ַǿȫԷ׵ǡ
ΪַǲսģɵϲŻӵľս
ַ˵Ҫ̫ˣԼյκһħ׵ǣֻҪչͿˡ
˵ɣսУħǿرڶͬʱʱħܹģͺַҪӣҲֻƵ뿪
ǣħǿҲܹģΪʼֻǵ㣬Ҳʹǵˣʹǵ˲ǿЩǿҲû֮ء
ҲˣھֲսУħӮģֻҪַԵĽй԰һ֧ǧ˵ľӣ߽
ַ·Ͼս˿̵ûһ㺦£ԾԾ
ַһκʹģľսַսڴ
ַԼʩһȻŽ˹ȥ
һŵʿͻȻֵĽеףûʲô
ʲô
ǽŲҲһʿҲֵͬ˵
Ųܰɣŵʿֵĳܿȥܹͺͺģһ赲ĴûУһ۾Ϳ԰ܵľɫֻ£˵ˣһֻСèСǰܹҲᱻǿġ
û˰šʿԽԽأû˵ĵȥ
ŵʿͬһʱ䣬һء
û˺ۣҲûΪǵĺȻ΢Ǻƽ˯һ㡣
ַɨ˵صʿһۣһЦֳŽȥ
ղʿûнŲǽŲַܶʱĽŲֻϧַ紦״̬˽ŲòǺȻҲûзַˡ
ַ翿˵ʱַ˷һξ˯̾״̬˯˹ȥ
˯ڴĻǿһ־Ӧüɣ˯ȴҪǿ󣬵ֱȴҪʩչ
һֿܹˣԳ˯ʱ򣬻ûеֿ׾ͻ˯ȥ
˯ȴǿȴӵĽʡ
Ϊܼ򵥣͵˵Ҫ˵һʹõľ϶Ҫģ˯ȴֱȭͷȥ˴Σ˷ѿˣԷʡͨ˵˯ҲȴӿЧ
ַڿǹ֮󣬻Ƿɱʿ뷨ϾЩʿУкܴһ޹ˣҲ֮ʣɱˣҲЩֿϧģҪܹձһ֧ǿĲӡ
ַ˼󣬾ʹùħʹó˯ʿ˯Ӷʧȥս
ʱرǳɭϣſڵʿһ£̾˲ԶһѲʿעǻûǷһ֧СӵʿҲֵķӦһ͵˯˹ȥ
ַľչַڵľѾ㹻κһַ֮С
ʿǵפص㣬Ѿַ硰̸ַı䷽򣬳Щʿȥ
ַٶȷǳ죬;ʿҲûзŹһһȫĪĵȥ
һֵεĳЩٵע⣬ȻһϢͱ㱨ȥ
ַԴȫַ֪粢ںϢй¶Ҳǻչж
ΪַǴ״̬Ǹͷֲַ硣
˾ʿԱʱӪ˳
ַȥķ򣬸պþʱӪЩӾӪܳʿҲ͸óַ
ַһ֣⵹ʡԼٵ鷳
Ȼˣַ绹ǼӿԼĽŲһӣַͺǰʿˡ
̷ַ˯ַǰܹʿһһŵĵȥ
ʿþˣ⡭ô£
һʦˡ
һЩŵʿ׷׽Ǻ¼ˣ壬ǹòȣһЩʿ־ļתˡ
¿ԣȴУΪˣǾͻᵽܣҵǣӷѾ
ԣʿܣַ̼ӰѾѳ˯ķΧЩʿ֮ǰڳʿȫŪ˹ȥ
Ȼַǰһ·Ͽʿȫʹó˯ǵػԡ
ʲôʿԵ޹ʵĻˣװУڵõʿǻԵϢϢʱһ
ԱһžӷУΪʿǵʶǿ׳ǲԵ޹ʻԵģĿֻ֣һжˣڶһ֣ʿŪԵģֳжĿԱȽϵͣΪ˸ˡ
װУŵ˵ָ֣ܹϢʿŪԣ
װУ֪Լʿĵϸȫѵصľսʿһֳ־ĸʽװĲӣܹϢŪԵģ
ĸ𣿾ǻƽȵǼλS֣Ҳ鰡
⻹һ֮ǰ٣Ȼͬļ⣬˵ҵǾӦʹ˶ҩĳ͵Ļѧŵʿ޹ʻԡ
װµͷҲо𰸲űȽϿס
֮ǰüͷԼжϣϸһ룬ԥԼҲ޷ȷһַʽʿĻˡ
ʱһʿټҴҵܽߵװУߣСı
У²ˣǾӪʿȫˣѾ;Ӫʧȥ硣
ʲôװУһʵ޷ţڶ̶̵ʱڣľӪȻѾռˣΪֹ˵棬ûм
ʿȻ˵СǷȽϰ˵ݣҲˡ
ҲȫһӪǻһǧʿһǧʿѵ˵ȫˣ
ڵ˶ûǷֵ£ӪһǧʿͱˣϢ̫ˣʵš


490 ޴ѡ
ϢҪ˶һʵ̫˼鰡һӪȻϢУˣ񻹲֪˾ʲô
װУѵʵô£
ľ̾Ϣһ˵Уֵʵǿ󣬲ܶԷʹõʲôƷЩʿǵʵ¶ǶԷĶ֣Ҳֻʧܵ³ΪӦþתƣڶԷûҵ֮ǰʣµˣ뿪
װµɫЩѿѾʤˣȴҪʤ£ˣֵľûˣҪܵʧְĴ֣˭Ҳġ
ٵĻ˵ҲûдǸͲǶ֣ǿҲ޲ʱĳˣǸõѡ
װ룬˵ôҽ飬ڵ˵ʵ̫ǿʱˣԱ֤Ҿʣ˭ʲôͬ𣿡
ͬЦɣʱ˭Ը˭۰Ͱ͵뿪
Уû˵ȷ̫ǿˣǲǺµˣǿδ֪ĵǰʱãȷ
Ǻã׼һ£뿪װУ´˳˵
Ȼ˺ܲʣδ֪ǿĵˣҲΪԼС룬ûԸʱ򣬼
뿪ͬ뿪𣿡ʱһ𣬷ű˴ƿһӣ˽
ľǣ̰γǹ׼˽ӡ
˭װУͬҲǹ׼˽ˣҳʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ҽһ£ҽַ磬ǻˣڲ֮ǰѾѽͲӵָȨҵУҲʵϵˣҲӦĳΪҵˡ
ˣҵĽѾˣҲܺ棬˭ö˶˵ΪʲôҪҵĽɱҵԱ
ģװУŵĽеû뵽ȻǽˣˣȻˡ
ѹֿĵôˣѹֿͶƽˣԭﻹЩĻ
ַͷ˵ҵģ˵˵ΪʲôҪҵĽ󡣡
װüͷϻǷǳ߰˵Ҳ֪㾿˭Ӧףҵ󾿾ʲôҵվŻƽȣƽϷǾķɣס
Ϸǵϣûκܹǻƽȿ⣬λκ֮ǰӦǻƽȣܹǵǿڡ
ַ̾һ˵ôҲһУܲܲҪ˵ôķϻҶˣһǵĻƽ𣿡
֡װУͻȻһȿ۶ַ翪
ǹһ죬ˣҲһ𿪻
ȻˣʹõǹʮһǹڻϻǺ͵ģУܼĵͷַϡ
ȷе˵ܼĵͷַǰĹĻϣеӵ
ӵЧ˶żˣһٸǴеߣһҪĻᡣ
ַһЦҲͬʱǿ˷
ʱ򣬷ֹ߳ˡ
֮ͨ⣬ߣߣղŻڿǹڿǹеַЧʱַ緢ܹ
УһŶĴʦսʿһϵߡ
ʦĹʽǷŶһƬַ̳ȥսʿͱˣ£ҲչսֻܰϵĸͷóѸͷַ綪˹ȥ
ϬģϵߣַһſŻ˹
ֻϧܹϬϬַǿķħǰǵĹһӲȫַɵֵ
ĺܿ죬Ҳת˲ͣΪǹûӵˡ
˵ʵַҪɱǣܼ򵥣һһ߾Ϳˣɱ˲ַĿģַĿǽԼҪֺ˿ڵġ
Щߺ;٣Ǻܺõİַ֣粢ɱǣǸշ
ӵ꣬һַ̣翪˵νˣǵĹƲҵķġ
㡭Sߣ
Ƕ˵һͳƣǹ߻ߣʦ߳ƺǡ
ǲַ֪羿ʲôԲųƺַΪߡ
ַ絭һЦ˵֮лдˡ
֮⣬ǳԼSˡ
һַ⻰ټַղŵı֣ˣʱסˡ
S߰ǿߵĴڣǿߣǻƽܹ֮ϷǺУΪͷSߵԵʡ
һǿS߾ͳǵǰôܹء
ⲻܣͣôܻSߣϵߣŵ˵
ַ絭˵ǲSߣţֻշǵġ
շǣⲻܡһ٣һѿڶ
ַɨһ̶̧ۣ־һָһٵĶͷһһ͵˵ϣĶͷϣȴһ˸еֵѪ
ַɨ˷һۣһεѹѹ˵ϣ˵嶼ķ
ַɢűϵϢ˵Ҳǿǣǣ˲ԸҵôҲҲҪˣһµ
ûٸ˵
ַջϱϢٴʵһΣԸҵձ𣿡
ַϵϢһջأ˶ʱһַٴʵ⣬˶һԥ
ǿɲǼᶨĸսʿԼܵвʱ򣬱ԭȵ֯Ǻ飬ΪһǵǣһǱѻƽȣôǾͻƽȵص׷ɱǲݵ׷ɱʱǻ᲻ỹһ
ƺǻ·һֻ⡣
ַƺ֪Ĺǣ˵֪ڵʲô˵аգܹɱƽȵأƻƽأ
⡭λ˵ģװУ˿ڿˮѵʵ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵޷ֻ֤ܸ㣬նɱκһSߵİգǿѡţҲѡţҪôԼжϣֻǵѡ񣬽ֱӰ쵽ǵ°
װЦѡƨûѡأӦ϶ᱻɱǻѡûУҪǸûеڶ·ѡ


491 Ļĺ
װµӵȷתĺܿ죬һ˲䣬װ¾˺ԣַ绰£װ¾˳ַϹ˵ǿ۷ԸƽȣЧ
ַЦŵ˵ͷƺװµı֣ǳ⡣
һװµı֣ٿַı飬˵ʱһм˼ģҲվ˳ԼЧ֮ġ
ʣµˣʱҲԥҲȫվʾԸַ
ַЦЦʵҲûаǵĻ̫棬ԵǰǸͲͶԼģıģҪԼԼԸͶ
϶ᣬҲίߣһҵᣬͻӡ
ֻǵ̣Ҫˡ
˾ȵɫУַһ֣һʯ˵ǰ
ΪַֹƵʯʯֱڲͬĸط½ҳһķʦһҲһһַϷġ
ַԳְĹЧ˵һ飬书Ч˰ŰɣַҲŲţҪǰԼ˵ķʯǰľ㹻ˡ
Եķ£ʯ̷ɳһ䵽ǵϣԳ
˶Ѿʯǰԣַ΢΢һЦһ˿ģҲ֮ɢ
ַ΢ЦˣԼѾ𣬴ҾԼˡ
ǰԺԼˣҪ᳤ˣհ
ַѾԼݣװµҲ֪ԼǼһ֯ҲŸĿڣ᳤ַˡ
ˣ˭ȥѿҹַ翪˵ʱ򻹱Ѻء
᳤ˣȥɡװԸµ˵Ϊ֮ǰװץĿˣ֯ˣװ¾ȥѿǷų˳ҲǺͿǻ͹ϵ
УǾȥɡַ˵ͷ
װ´Ӧһ̷ɿ˳ȥ
һ߳ţװ̾ͿľʿѾȫڵأװһ̸Ӳ鿴ʿȴʿûʲôǻ˹ȥҲ˵˯ˡ
װ²ҡҡͷҪʿѾˣûɻˣûȴȻ˯ˣҲûжļ󣬶ҿҲûζȻǴ߼ҩˮĹͣôЩʿôŪû˯ȥأ
ǿҩܣ
װɻֻһʱȴǽⲻˣȥͷſˣҲûʱ˼ȥˡ
װ´ӵվ𣬼ȥһ·ܳȥװԽԽľȻղʿٻ㱨еʿ˹ȥʡˡ
һжǻ᳤ģ
᳤ôǿ
ַװµʼЩɣΪַ̫ˣҲʱĶݣ˵ʵȻѱȵʹ˵
װֲòϣַʵУǿģװ޷ַˡ
װ³üһ£һ߳ŹѺ²ĵطȥ
ȵװܳ䣬װ·ϿһЩѵʿ
װ¿ЩʿʱʿҲͬװ£ܹװ¾
װ»һ׼ľȻԽˣǶҰѻѵ˶ټǲþţҲܣԭش
Уװ˵ΣѾѵʿʱһȻȥЩѵʿװУ
ַжæҲ©֮㣬зɢڸصѲߵϰʿûַ磬Ӷ״̬
װ¼ҴҵǰѺ˵ķӣصʿڣֻȫģװܹʱ򣬻ǹָסڿװ֮ʿҲһϽװ·˽
Ȼ᳤֪˻ӪǣڿҲ͵͵Ǿͳȥˣ뵽᳤ȴƾԼһ˵ͰӪſˣȻץԼװУԼųȥ
ȻװУĽ֪ͣװУҲΪԼ֮󣬿ﵹҲûΪװУˣҲᱻ᳤ᡣ
һװµĴ£ַ硣
˶Ѿˣַʹ㿪һλ顣
ַ翴װ£˵֮Уְߵģ֪ϢӦҲˣ˵ɡ
װ¸Ͻ˵ǣ᳤ˣʲô⣬;ʺˡ
ַͷʵ֪ΪʲôƽȻͻȻԾջƽ֮ǰ͸Э飬Ӧǲ׼ȫսġ
װ룬˵᳤ˣʵ˵ڻƽְҲ㲻öߣи߲ĺܶ飬Ҳ֪һεжҲûлø߲ϸֻͣԼԼһЩϢ
˵װµС˵˵Ǻ׹֧йϵ
׹ַһѹˣԭ氡
ַüͷʵʲô𣿡
װ˵鱨ҲǺֻ˵׹֧֣ǡŶǻƽȣΪ׹İ֧֣ƽȲŻ᲻¸вȫս
ַϸȴҡͷûô򵥰׹Ҫ֣Ͳˣαصȵڣ
װµĽ֮󣬷һӾ
׹ǿȫ棬ǿ󣬿Ƽǿ󣬾ǿ󣬾Ҳͬǿ
׹Ĳ֣Ǻܴѹ
ƽȵʵѾǳǿˣ׹İ֧֣ʵѾ͵ʮֿµĵز
һ˵ɫַʱһЦ˵֪ڵʲôǲǵ׹ǿ󣬺̫СǵĶ֣
˶٣ַ˵ܹģԼˣҲͲˣҲǼһڿƼϵ
ַǰĲ輸һ֣輸̶һ̨ʼǱԡ
ˣһĻɫһﲻɵò²⣬̨ʼǱôڲ輸ϵģֻ˭Ҳȥַˡ
ַ򿪱ʼǱڵϷɿĲ
ֱ֮ӣ輸ϵıʼǱȴԶƯ
ԶƯĵ˵עַ֪ߣǿһĻǸоǳ档
ƯıʼǱԷת˹űʼǱԵķתĻϵݣҲչʾ˵ǰ
ڿĻݵʱ˵һ׹鱨֡
᳤˵ĵԣ׹鱨ˡ
̫˼ˣ׹鱨֣Ҳ⵽˵֣ҸպǱǵĻ᳤ˣǻ᳤ļжǿ󰡣
ԣⲻ᳤֣鱨ֵ˺ţһõԼľ٣ȴȵĽϸһƬɫ
ַ糯ٿȥ˵ʲô֣ܲ
ȴЦ˵ҽ׵ȥ׹ѧֻǺһȣֻǳѧߵļˣͲֵһᡣ
ڶ׹鱨ºˣԼȴҵ鱨վܹûУ˫ʵûпɱԡ
׵¿֪һվ²˷ֵĺţվڻ᳤˵Ҳͳ˲վڿͨ磬ʱأ鿴鱨վڣκεϢ


492 ֻƽȣһ
ַ˵׵£ҽһ°ɡ
ǣ᳤׵´ӦһΪ˽һ£йֵĻϢ
׵µĽ֪֮֯ǺǿѾ׹鱨ˡ
ַ˵ʵϣ׹֯аװ˺ľʱǵȡ鱨ֻ֯ıɽһǣ֯ʵԶԶǵ󡣡
ַչʾģƼϵǿ˵ɫȻÿ࣬Ͼ˭ҲһʵСġ
ַ˵λסˣ˵飬֯߻ܣϽ⴫ģ⴫ĺӦ֪
һ䣬˵᳤İɣ֪ôġ
ͺãװ£ƾӣΪжʿԸһɣַ翴װУʵ
װΪѵ˵᳤ʵϣ¿±ȽѣΪЩʿǻƽȳѵģҪǱѻƽȣ²׵顣
Ϊֹʿıѣѵʱͨϴжھڵϴ԰˼£Щʿҳ϶ȶǳߣǲᱳ֯ģҲװΪѵĵط
װ½᳤мĿǰ飬ЩʿĶսȻѺȷ޷ҵǰ£Žձࡣ
װµпϣַͷӦ
ַҲԼ뷨ַ˵ƽȵʵȷҪϷǷֲʵǿ̫ˣϷǷֲʵԺͻƽȿ⣬һҲǰǣ׵Ļƽȡ
װһʵ׻ƽȣ᳤Ǵʩնս𣿡
Ҫڶʱ䳹׻ӴĻƽȣΨһһַնжֻҪѻƽȵԻɱˣƽҲƣΪһɢɳ
ַĿװ£˵װУ˵ĲҾǴʩչնս
Ǿӵָӹ٣װµľ²ܻǺܲġ
װµĵ˵ǻ᳤ˣƽȵܲ䱸ɭϣڶ֣߰ͲǵܹȥԸİ
նףЦɣҪǻƽȵôñɱģƽͲˡ
նսȻЧս֮һʩϣҲѵս֮һϾ˭֪ԵҪԣԵıǲϧҪնɱԷԣ׵顣
ַ˵ͲҪˣʱҸȥʩչһεն׼ƻǸֻҵж
а᳤̫Σˡװæĵ˵ǵĻ᳤İȫǵĻ᳤֮ԼСİȫҪ֪˻᳤Sߵ򣬾ǻƽȣҲǼɵ֣һ᳤ȥ˻ƽȵܲ᳤¾Σˣһ᳤ˣҲʧȥ˻᳤ıӻ³ôҲͲö˵ˡ
ַҡҡͷ˵ѶǾͲö˵ˣǸ˵˵ƽܲ鱨ɡ
ǣ᳤װΣֻܰѻƽȵܲ˵һ¡
װڻƽҲϲ٣Ȼܶܣ޷֪ܲڵزʲôܣװ»֪һЩ鱨ġ
װ˵ƽȵܲλڵɽһ޽̣ӵиַҪܲﲼֻںͽ̵һһ֧һ˵Ĳӳפأǳ˵Ĳӣܲġ
֮⣬˵ܲ߸Ҳǳ࣬ǧ˵ܲԣǲֽǱ룬ҲһΣյ顣
ƽӵڶĽԷǳǮھ޴Ĳ֧£ǵľҲԵ÷ǳǿܹôľӣܹܲﲼô;
ַ羲װµ˵һƬƽ
˵ʵĿƼرĸȷӵзǳǿƻƻӵս
ַ˵ַڵʵԶں͵ҲһǳΣյ飬ǣں͵ַܹ
ºѣַʵȫڻԼ֮ǰ˲뿪ڵҪܵĹҲǳԲԭ
Ǻǿ󣬵ǴĿ꣬һжǰ׷ѡ
Ҫ˵ƻǷǳ£Ҫ˵ս½ĸħǿ
ַţԼڵ˵Ļƽܲˣ׹һ֧ĸӹˣַҲ׸㶨
˵ַƻһ֧ĸӣֻ˵ַǵĿǡ
ûħĺĸħʦ˵ֻһֻƻֽϻ
ַѽ齻˴Լȴڵڶ죬ǰƽȵܲ
·ϻһʱ䣬ַͿ˻ƽȵܲ
ƽȵܲһɽ£滷ɽֻһԳ룬һԳķҲӹ޽ʹֻһʮ׵ĵ·ܹƽȽĵطɽشڳͨУװײ޷ӵ·֮Ұͨģ˵ƽȵܲһѹҪ
ƽȵ൱ǿԱʵĿǰҲδ֪ȻַĿսʤǣǱҪľԣҪġ
ַҲûóȻǰڻƽȵܲΧͣȻĵĵȴһֱȵɫȫַһʱ䣬Ѿߵ㣬ŸԼʩһŻƽȵܲ
ַ羫һɨͿǰ·ϣ˲ٵͷҪǲ֪óóȻĿƽȵܲʮ֮ͱЩͷ֡
ַûĹˣһֱߣŻƽȵܲȥ
ַûǰ̫ãһŹ·˹
ַ羫һɨһ˻Ŀһ˲ڿڡ
·̾ͲַԼˣû̫ʱ䣬ܲſڣھʿļ֮£˳ĽַܲΪ״̬ԴڿҲûʿַ硣
ַ羫һɨһελã˵һߣȻʹù
Ӻַ˵ϰ壬Ѿɹ磬ϢҪʮʱ䡣
û£ذɣҵءַͷͨԱߵ
ʮӺٴ𣬵һΣȴһ˿
˵ϰ壬϶Ѿϣش֡
ش֣ʲôشַ֣ʵ
˵ڶԷݿҷһûɾɾĻĵĵʾƽȵϼ֯ߡ
ߣַ֪֯ƺ׹һ֯Ϊõ֯һоϣԲڣַͷϵĳԼҲǴ֯ǻȡġ
֯ǳأǳ״̬µұȫ磬ҲֻܻúٵĿǰûҵ֯ȷе
ַҲû뵽ƽȾȻǺйϵҺпߵΧ


493 ֻƽȣ
˵ϰ壬﷢һܻܿиҪ鱨Ҫϰ⴦ܻΪṩӡ
ͨ£ЩҪöǴڶ״̬ⲿǲܺͨģҪַϣܻϢ
ַ˵ϸϷֻϰɡ
õϰ塣ӦһƬַֻ̺յһʼϸϡ
ϰ˻ƽܲĵͼ͸ҪϢַ粻ȥ԰յͼжˡ
ַϿһ飬ȻͼжҲˡ
ƽȵܲǳ󣬺һС࣬ʮǴ´ģʵҲˣƽܲ˿ڣӽˣƽҪԱļסܲˣһԱ֤İȫҲԱ֤ЩԱģȻ˵һ㣬ǿѹˡ
ַõϢСֻϵܲܲǴڵ¡
м·ַѡһͨܵͨܵһҹͨڳֱַһ˲ԽΧ˿ǽڣͨܵ
˲ɵ˲䣬ַľɢȥھɨ£ΧĻַ̽Ұַ׼ص㣬ٴһ˲䣬ɵһֱܵӽ˵ܵ־˲ַ֮ɹһеķ
ʱַѾ²֣ǻƽȵܲ
˵ʵƽȵǺܵģرǵ²֣û޷򿪽Ĵţһ˻û취²֡
Ƕڻ˲Ƶַ˵νܾͬˣַһ˲ƣͿԶ㿪еķ
ַȥĿϧˡ
ַһΧĻںԼĵͼԱһ£Ҳ֪ԼڵλãڵλãڵΪC֣ҪֵܻںA
²ֵĹؼҲںA
ַ糯Aȥһ·ϲͷͳǹľû֤޷ͨС
ַ˵̫ˣֱӶַھǰҡڵ˹ȥ
ƽҲ֪ڶˣȻҲôַߵٶѾҲʮʱ䣬ߵA
AҪǰ漸ɭϣλöǴŽգҪͬʱʾ֤沿ɨ裬ܿŷˡ
ʲôˣʱһߴĺˣ͵Ĵӷ˳
ַһϽһ˲뿪ԭأʱѾڰ֮һ
ܳһȴüͷΪһˡ
ô˸ɣһҲӷ˳
иɵĺɻ˵ղźڿˣֵĸղţҳһȴûˣ̫ˡ
𣿻ǴɣҪȻĻٶȣԷ϶ߵġ˹üͷ˵
˹ɵٶȵж죬Ըɵٶȣӷﵽ˲һٶȣһ˲䣬˭ܹ㿪ɡ
ҲӦԼĴɨһۣʵڿʲô֮󣬾ֻص˷䡣
˵˷£˵֯ҾСˣϷʵòǳġ
˹ҡҡͷ˵Ҳû취飬Ҳ֪֯ҪĻƽԴ֮һǾԲʧġ
ٺ٣ЩҲùܵģֻɱ˾ͺáɵ˵ɱ˵ͺɱһֻһ㡣
˹ȴ˵Ҫˣ֯ǹɲεģ֯ȡ鱨ǼܻܿȡʲôصǲֹĻڼ֮󣬾ͻԹƵ鷳鷳ӦñĨɱҡ
˸Ȼɵ˵˹ֻǼֻСѣɾܸ㶨ģĺˣٺ٣ҪҪȥм˸ˬˬ
ûȤԼˬɡ
תƣٴλصַϡ
ַһҲղҲַˣû뵽ͨķȻSߣԾ޼ɵĵɨ裬պþɨ˵ϣSߣ֪;Զǳߣַľɨϵʱо쳣
ΪһֺһԷĴڵģЩͬҲӵߣ˵ǵҲһ־䣬;źĹϵԶԾĸоҲС
ֻΪַ羫̫ߣ֮ǰɨʱЩɨˣȴ̫СԷַĴڣֻͬȼǿߣַܷ緢ľɨ衣
ҪS߷ֲַɨľҪַһȼֿܣҲ˵ֻеȵַٽΪħʦпܲЩ˷ɨǵľ
ӸղŵķĲֺͻ˵Ӧòǻƽȵ죬ԣΪˣ϶סԼ򵥵ĵطҲ˵˻ƽȵS⣬϶бSҲڻƽȡ
ַҪԵĶ֣øǿˡ
ַAȥһθСģɨ裬ֻס׷ΧڣӶ֤İȫ
Խַ֮ڵһʮʿصܷţ˵ܻڴź档
źһ䱻׵ĽǽΧңȴ֮⣬ûκαĵ·Խҡ
ڴſڳʮʿ֮⣬Aһͬأ൱ɭϡ
˵ɭˣûȴҲͲѰܹ򿪵ģԴŵļ̶̳ȣ㹻ֵըҩڵĹԿ˫ؿͲǳܹ򿪵ġ
ܵķʲôأַҲЩˡ
ַľСĳŷɨȥʱ
ԭͲķһ̨ͻռʮ֮ŵλãֻʮ֮һλùͨС
ֳַ̨ȥŶԭǵ԰һ̨͵ĳԡ
Ҳַ͵ĳԡ
˵ָܻʵ̨ԡ
ַľڷһɨﾯװ÷ǳȽӦκ棬ᷢǽڣָͬӦ֮⣬¶ȸӦͺӦĿͷڲϵתɨ衣
ҵıȫãһֻӬɽȥҲᴥ
Ȼַ˲ƣܹ׵ĽȥЩȫıַȥ˲䣬Ҳǻᴥġ
ô죿Ҫȶ䣬ȫˣ㶨̨ԶԷľ˵϶趨Իװõģʱһ̨֣ԱԻˣǾ鷳ˡ
ţҪǪ̇̄㶨


494 ֻƽȣ
ַһͻȻ뵽ʵľȻַ粢Ҫ뷿İ
ַĿģǽ뷿䣬ҪΪ֣ṩ·ߣĻᣬֻҪһССu̾Ϳˡ
ַľڷһɨãַ翴
ңȻֻһڣǻǽֻͨܵǵͨܵرķǳϸСһĴֵָĹܵɵģڱ֤ͨ£ʹ޷ܵҡ
ЩͨܵȻ޷ͨģuȴԴͨ
ַһ˲ƣһͨܵĳڴιܵĳڴнǱַűһ㣬һһͰѱǴu̷ŵڣu˳Źܵٵķ˽ȥ
uھ£ٵĽңַľҲŽңụ˳ĵطٵȻ鵽˼ϡ
ַɣʣµľͿˡ
ַڴĵĵȴϢʮӺﴫ˳
ϰ壬Ѿϡϲ˵
ַʵڿͨˣ
͵ûϰ壬ѾǵļϵͳͨѶϵͳҲѾҵУڽͨǲᱻǲġ
ַʵͺãʲôջ𣿡
Уʾƽȵȷߵ֯ҪĻƽԴ֮һ֯ΪƽṩƼϵ֧֡
ͨƽȵն磬Ѿҵλ̫ƽһ߻أҲ֪֯Уʲôģܹ쵼ƽȣҶ´Ȼ⴦صĵλӦ÷ǳߣû׼֯ܲڵء
⴦أҲĿǰյģй֯ؼ
֮⣬һ֣»أȻҲڽгԼƻΪƻѾгһǧڷ
ǣ»еĳԼƻƣֻһֱֺܴʵ飬ӦòĳԼƻΪ˳ԼƻΪṩʵݡ
Ҳ²⣬Լƻ֯ȫļƻУҪһĿΪ˴Ŀ˳к;ɹӦûؽоȻصоݷܲܲо
Լƻַһı֯оɹԣôᱻǳռݣıռ죬ͬҲӰʵеķ棬ʱ֯ͿԸĿ硣
ַԵ֯ȻҲԵԲŻỨѽǮ;ȥоһĿ
ֻ㲻㣬֯ôҲ뵽ǻоĳԣȴѾ˽ȵ˳ѾʵʹС
ҪһϢߵĸ߲֪»Ѫ
˵ϰ壬ղſ̨ȷһ̨ԣҴӵȡϣ̨Ӧ׹Ƚ̽ųԣֻ׹ľͳҵŻʸʹ̽ţһû취Ū̫ԡ
ַʵ˼˵ߺ׹źĹϵ
˵鱨㻹޷ţ֮϶Ҫϵģû׼߾׹ڰ齨ģҲһ
Ҳֿܡַͬĵͷ˵Щ͵ȵ֮ʱϸ˵˵ɣȰʰ˵顣
õϰ塣˵ϰ壬»صĳںͨѶ綼ѾƿأǶԷֶװãϰڱȥ£һƻǵֶأǹرյբõ»س̱һϰ֮⣬ûܹȥˡ
ַ˵ˣôɡ
æ˵õϰ壬ģϰȥƻȻȥƻֶء
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ȵʱȴֻĹؼֶƻˣҪά޺ãҪüСʱ
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ߣ췢췢
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ûͬʱͨѶϵͳҲ̱»ϵѾжϣҲ޷繵ͨ
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ͣ磿ͣӰ쵽绰Ϊʲô绰ҲͨˣģϽ֪ͨȥȫ徯䡣
»ΪͨѶжϣɹʱַѾ˳ڴѳڴŵֶװһƻһǿƻţ»ˣ޷ȥˣѾ˵»ء
ַ˷ܵƣԿʼսˡ
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žž죬ʿǲȺıַ˳ȥײǽϣַˤ˵ϡ
ַһûκͣɿĳǰȥ
ַǰãһʿַ쳣ǿɾҪ֮ǰʿȻҲһֱӾͿǹ
աһӵַ˹ַһͶ㿪ӵĹͷǽײƬĻ𻨡

ⲻܡ
Сģߡ
ַӵĶǿˣǺܿҲ˹Է϶ͨˣߡ
̫ˣַѾߣȭ磬ڼ̵ʱڣȫſ¡
ЩͨʿΨһƾеǹеһǹеܴЧʱҲͳϵ⣬׸
ǹ˸ʿע⣬һƬʿ˹
ַûеģûԥǰ֮ǰõ·߿ǰ
ܹʿܿͺַˣǶ˵ַͿ۶
Щӵڵַ˵ûʲôвַԺɵıܿӵ
˵ַٶȱӵ죬ַƶٶԶԶĳʿǵķӦٶȣǹڶ׼ַ֮ǰַѾתλãԾٿӵҲַܻġ
ַ粻Ҫӵ죬ֻҪȿǹ˵ٶȿ죬㹻ˡ
ڶ㿪ӵͬʱַǰһ˽ʿȺУȴʿǵģֻʧܵ³


495 ֻƽȣģ
ȻûеҲʧȥͨѶΪһ֯ܵĻƽȵĸ߲㻹Ǻ֪ܿߵ顣
һװ޺ķƽȵĸ߲㣬һãиɵĺ˺˹İҲС
һŰ۵ص˵ҸղѾյϢˣͨѶѾԷضˣҳȥĴҲƻˣ˵ڶʱڣѾȥˡ
нܷأǻƽȵ֮һ
ԱһҲص˵߲߲ӶԷַǿ鷳ˡ
˸ȴһ˵鷳ٺ٣ҿɲôΪǼֻСˣڵʵ׵İѹɱɣû˶ˣҸоԼĹͷҪˣЩͷ¶βС󣬾ȥԸɡ
ܷͻȻһЦͷ˵Ըʵ¾Ǵ´ģǾ鷳ˡ
˵ʵܷضڸ߰ĸɿûʲôӡҪǶԷʵףԼһ֯ɳԮ֣ܷزŲӴһأҲãöԷͷȥЩߵ
˹ȴ˵Ҹһȥɣ˹ɾҪȸɽˣ¸һȥ⡣
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֧Сӵߣʮֳֳǹľʿ
˫һ˲䣬ԷͿˣӵͷгַкխĹܼĹַûа취жܡ
ʱһһ£ǵҫĵʵ̫ˣһ˵۾ǰɵһƬڶʱ䣬Ѿˡ
Ȼһ̣˾ĻͲҽϮʮʿߣȫûַڵء
ַû֣Ƶĺܺãֻ˴ˣ
ϣַһ̲ͣļǰ
ַŪĶԽԽ󣬸ʿ߳˹
ֻϧַǿǰǵĵֻͽ޹ַһһʰˡ
ʱַоһӰԼ˹
ַľѾȫչ˵ٶȷǳ죬ѾۿӵķΧһַľ룬ַ̱֪
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ټ˫ϵߣǷϵܣǿӵгٶȵǰ£ӵǿĹ
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գۼ䣬˸ѾַǰҳַԴһȭ˹ȥ
Ըɵٶȣ˸Ϳ֣ȭ£Ĳס
ַٶҲǿˣǺ͸ɱȻǲһأַ翴˸ɵĳ֣ƾٶҲܲɵĹ
ɵѾһ˿ЦѾԷԴԼ򱬵Ļ档
ʱ򣬶Էģһ£ɵıɱһȭȻˡ
ⲻܣɴһ
ν޼᲻Ψ첻ƣȻû˵仰ȴ֪ģԼǳţԵȭյʱҲ͸ĳԾ
ɵսҲǳḻһУ̺գۼ䣬˳ʮ׵ľ롣
ʱ򣬸ɸо쳣ڼٵĵУһתۺơ
ڸɺƵ˲䣬һӸɵߴ˹ȥܹо߷ɹʱԼϵë
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𿴸ɳ֣Һ³ç𱬵ӣʵµʱȴǳֳ³çȫͬ
ʱ򣬸ԼԷ˵һŹֵڣȻɾ͸оһ䣬Ҳһ
Ըɵٶȣһ̾ʧȥƽ⣬һ죬ײǽϣֱӰǽײƣˤ˷
һѾ֪ã˲ϵʹɿĴӵվ𣬾Ҫܿ
ɵٶȻ죬ײ£ӦһģһѾʱŸɴ˹
ɴһٶƶ硣
ٶȼߣ˲£ɾȻ㿪Ĺǵ
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ߣһȴӸɵͷ˳ͬʱɸоԼĴһѣΣһֺ˯ĸо
ḻĸѾ֪Լˣʵ벻ֻѲв£ƴĳȥ
ǻĴԣøɵķӦٶڵַӿץסɵʱ򣬸ɲųٶ۵ķַӰ
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ַһץסɵ˫磬ǿʹַ˫ʮָ·צһĴɵļʺѪҺ˲ʹ˿ڴ
ɷһҽУһתһֹķʽճַһŵ˹ȥ
ʱַ˫ּһһǿĵ͸˫˿ڣ˸ɵ壬ɷһҽУ屻ĳ鴤
ַ֮ɿ֣һץסһţ΢΢һһ죬ͰѸɵĽŤˡ
ַһѸɵץסɵһֻţͬһͰֻҲͬŤϡ
ɵһ¶һ˫ϣ˫űϣҲӲٶȵƣˣҲ͵ڱϵˡ
ַһ֣Ѹɶ˵ϡ
ɵϲ亹ַ羪ֵʵ㾿˭
޷ţôôǿôˣԼٶȣȻҲ޷ӶԷѵ̫ˡ
ַϵȻθߣĮĿ˸һۣͺһֻԵʾһֻСϣȻ⣬ǱϵϣȴɪɪŵĲҶ
ʱɾϵĸоһ֮£ɸоԼ·Ǿµϣ;ȣԼʵǲһ
ʵҲˣɵٶǺܿ죬Ǻ˲ȣвģɸͲַĶַ֣ߵҲûС
ֻ˵һһˣԸɵٶȣSУܹµˣָ
Ҳ벻Լطһͷ
һַ֮һԲתߣֻĸһضߴıӰ
ַȻɱԼת뿪ɶʱһһͬʱޱȵĺڣ̫˰ѳӶ˰
֪Էǿ󣬾ǴҲҶһ˹ɵƣɵưȻԼһˣ־ǿ鷳ɵ̫ɵˡ


496 ֻƽȣ壩
ܷ̾Ϣһ˵ˣʧˣֺǿ󣬸ȫĶ֡
ⲻܣ˹ԾվɵʵˣôܻʧܣɲǶԷĶ֣ȫˣӦûûġ
ܷ˵Բ˹ɵȷʧˣǸɲǿǶ̫ǿˣĿǰѾҵ¾Ǹ˫ȣԺҲ޷ˡ
ⲻܵġ˹ʵ޷ţǿɾȻҲᱻ˫ȡ
ȵȣ˵ɱ˫ȣȴûԷûɱղ̫Ծ˹ûע⵽߲ע⵽ɾȻֻ˶ûҲ޷ⰡȻԷܹϸɵ˫ȣҲͿɱ˸ɣΪʲôɱ˸ɣ
ܷ˵ҲɻĵطԷɱ˸ɵģΪʲôҪ֣ͣȴһע⵽һ£б򵹵ûֻǱˡ
һܷط˶ˡ
ʲôûг˵һҪʲô
˵ͼ
òǲǱߵ˰ɣΪ˺飿
ܵģҪָ֣Ͷˣﻹ̵ڣҪǵĸ֣ɿҲǱˣǱ͵ظɱˡ
⵹Ҳǡ
ܷؿһ˵ע˵ˣȻԷͼһʵȴӹɵģ֮п»ûܹĶ֡
˵ܷسŷ˿ȥûʱɵȻĬ˽ܷص˵
ܷؼ˵ǿ²ǼһĶˣֻڿɲǱϼභȻʲôֶζõˣԴҲ׼׼һΧĵֵסҲֻǳֽˡ
һһǶ֣һȺһѵҲһ治ͷۣܹһһȺ
µ˷׷׵ͷǴӦ£ϾӦҲû취ֶѾɱˣѾûк·Զܡ
ܷصͷ̶ߵĸ´˺ɫ
ɫǵܲߵȼĹڴ֮£ᶯԱܲװԱϮչԭֹʹõҲᱻʹá
ɫҲͱȥеʿߣȫԱǱķĵչ
´ַ·ĵˣ̾Ͷ˺üҸҲ˳ʲôֻǹھľѻǹʽĲ˶Ըǰĵ·ϡ
Щƻ൱ǿխĹЩһ䣬̱֧飬Ҳֻ޻Ȫ³
ǺܿϧǿĻȫ޷ַ磬޷е£ǿ󰡻Ҳûһôַ׵ĴԽǹɵĻȻԽսⲫķʽϮʿȫſ¡
ַһ·ǰϢҲڼ̵ʱڴ˻ƽȸ߲ĶС
ܷصͷû̫ɫ
Ϊͬһȼĸ֣ܷʵЩߣ޷赲Էģ´˺ɫΪЩͻߣЧĶֵʵʱʵ»ᱻĵһ죬ʱԼһӵϣԿһС
ܷس˵׼һ°ɣǼһֻвӵ·ˡ
ĬĬͷԼʹõĵ˳
ַٶȱȽܷԤƵҪ˰ӡ
ʮ󣬺һǰɫĽűƿַӴ⣬ʩʩȻ˽
ַɨ˷һۣһʮˣSߣµʮAߡ
ַ絭˵˼ˣǲҪ֡
ܷ˵ܲΪ˵䲻˼İɣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ַͷ˵ãҾ˵ˣᣬǻƽȵ͵̣Ҫȫչǻƽȡ
չǻƽȣôĿ֪ǻƽжˣжʵжʽҪչǻƽȣóʲôǮܷعЦ·һЦЦ
ˣƺҲоܺЦҲȫЦ
ַ絭˵ĺˣ۸Ǻģµƽȡ
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ڽܷصߣһɫĬĺ࣬ͬҲǻƽ֮һ
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ٷǳ죬ȷǳܹڼ̵ʱڣϰٰϸСķɵҷɵٶѾӵգۼ
˵ʵǷǿģǵĹҲ䵽ַϵġ
ʱַϻһһ׻γɵװַ
ķɵȵܼʮ߰ѷɵǲȺײַǰĻϡ
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ף޺
ţ絽ˣ˹˻ϣͬģҲֻڻһȦۣ͸ʧ
Ի׵ļ̶̳ȣ˹磬޷Ʒ
ܷطɫȭͷٶ֮󣬲Żлס
ɫȭͷ˻ףȭͷȻըһɫĶȻըַϵĻڶıըУۣԽԽԿַӰ
ַЩȣһĹǿ
ȻҲͽǾһ¶ѣַ΢һǿ׵ħԭϡĻףָֻԭ״һȭĹûڻ׵ϣһۼ
ֱʱ򣬷˵ܹٵ䵽ַϵĻϣЩܹϻĲۣ˺ַһһ
ǿ
ˣ̵һ
ǲ²ַӦûǿȴû뵽֮ǿǿ̬ĳ̶ȡ
ʮ˵ֹиSߣµҲ֣ȫAߣǿݣȻûдƶԷķʵ̫˼ˡ
ܷصüͷһһƬء


497 ֻƽȣ
ֻ΢΢һ٣಻ĳַ˹
Ȼַĳǿһѣ˵ףܹˣǼᶨ֮ǲᱻ״ģڳԾǱøҵĹԴַ硣
ʱʲô뷨ҲûˣǵֻһͷǾɱַ磬ֻɱַ磬ǲܻ
ͬʱַҲӴħϵĻԽʢ·һž޴Ļڴſڡ
һһĹ䵽˻׵ϣֻϧԻ׵ķ˵ǵĹԣƿֻڻ׵ı棬𵴳һȦȦ
ʵϣܵһıħԣ˵ͬȼߵĹַӦõֵסŶԵģǣʵϣȴˡ
Ϊħڹ½Ѿ£ڹ½ħƵϵʹϵʹħüһħԷӳʮֵ
ϵܵȫͬǴڵʱͷչʱ䶼̫ݣϵʹϵܺħᲢۣһֵܣֻܷӳֵ˺
ħȣǵĲ࣬ҲԵԽľ޴
ҲΪʲôħǿԭ
οƽȵЩˣǿֶԵУʹõֻͨĵַܵȴ˺üǿħߣܹʹַħ˫ʵϵĲ࣬Ҳͱøˡ
ͺһȫװҾͨ񶷵ľӢʿһȺȴֿȭũ˫޼˫ȴ˺üȼ
ַ絭˵Ǿֻôһҷǳɣƽ浽ڵġ
ַӵĻܷصǱߣܷغ뷴ַ磬죬ȴֱߡ
ܷز֪˵ʲôãѵ˵ԼʵǿֻΪ̫̬ˣԲû취
ʵҲˣϷһϣ߶˵߷ǳ٣ÿһ߶˵ߣܹһĳǿߣƽҲǿŽܷغǿߣټ֧֣֯Žġ
ܷغڣĸ֣ĻƾʲôЩҪռݣ
ֻǲǿַ̫̬ˡ
˵߶ߣϸ߶ĵطӦþǻˣĵߣмصģһٶλжߣȴԹˡ
ߵ㣬Ӧǿġ
ǻĵĹȴһɢɳǣƴ۸ӣʹûĿǿĹߣȴ޷ʹЩߵܱߵЩС͸ҫ
ȻĹȻһɢɳǱϾʵǿһȺˣԸߣͨҲǰѻĿǽأǱҪһǲ뻪ľڵģԼ鷳
Ϸһ־档
Ϸߵ࣬ÿһ߶ߣӵǿսΪϷθ֣ʹϷǸضԼװ
ټߵϣγһַǳǿսľӣֻ˱ᡣ
Ҳǻƽܹڱԭ
ߵƻǷǳ˵ģ߻SԴҲоͷƤ顣
ÿһߣַһۣЩǹеġ
һӾֳֳǹʿסһߣҲбɸӵΣա
Ϸĵĵطһ߻治Ը
ܷصıҲǻƽȵʵǱ˵һSˣһȺSߣҲµġ
Ϊʿоţ̹ˣдڣзɻ˴Ӯ㣬ɻܿ԰ɣ
ƽȵǿƣߣ߿Ƽ
ַɲܷܽôģ˵ƽǰʵǲһ֯ǻаȫ𣿹˳ҰɣҿԱ֤ǵİȫ
ܷʵ̲סˣһȭһɫȭͷַȥͬʱ˵֪Ĵǻƽǿޱȣ㲻ǵ©ѣսͲǻƽȵĶ֡
ǻƽзɻڻȽ̹ˣǻھľڣԸ㣬ֻҪһھ㹻ˡ
ַЦΪߣȴ˵ֻþȻôϲƼʲôúö飬ȥѧˣ
ܷضʱͱ˵ƻˣ˵ףߣƽҲܲŽģڴƼϣɾЩĩˡ
ַ˵˵ϻˣ֪ҵ
ܷ󾪣֪ǶԷ׼Ҫˣ棬һɫĹâ
ڣַսȣĬĬַʩڷȵĶˣһ˸ĵ⡣
һΪʮ磬ŷ˴˹ȥ
ʮļΪ׼պ÷ʮˣһ˳һ
һ÷˴һΪַһֱչֵǻϵܣǻΪַһϵߣַȴַ磬ѵ˵ַһ˫ϵߣֱϵܺͻϵܣ
ϮѾݲǶˡ
žžУʮԻĿ꣬SߵסĹ⣬AȫĹУڵء
ǿ˲ͻǵķƻǵܣڶʱڣЩһǱվսˡ
ܷﾪѣ̫ˣȻֻһιͰڳAȫſˣǵһԼͶԷȣ˵Ī
AߣȷSߵĶ֣ܹ䷿ߣеٮٮߣͬAУǶǿĸֻ֣Ҫ֣ԶԿһSߣԭܷػϣԽǵԸַģ뵽һ棬ʮAߣͱַϵˡ
ˣһǿı̬ͲܹԸģ취뿪ˡ
ܷصѾ⣬սѾʼʱߣô׵顣
ʱһŽܷ˹ܷزҴ⣬һȫܣԼǰγһɫĶơ
жƣഥࣵһ죬ɫĹܣڹĹ£ƿһȱڣ̶ܣڽܷصؿһ
ܷƺһؿڵȥ
һѾ䴩˽ܷصؿڣķҶ˹ȥڻܷؿڵͬʱϵҲֽܷص壬Ĳƻ
һͰSǿ߽ܷشˡ
ƼΪأûνܷأܷرɡ
Žܷص˵أ˵Ŀʱһ


498 ֻƽȣߣ
˹ˣæ˵ȵȣʲôҪǿһ¡
ֻӦģȴһ˹
˹һֹڶοˣһڻܷܽصʱǿܷҲסֹĹ͸Ҫ˵Լˡ
Ȼ˹Ҳ֪ԼµסֹΣͷҲ˲ôˣֻȫԼǰγһ׵绤ܣϣ׵绤ܣֵܹĹ
ֻǺܿϧ˹עҪʧˣ׵绤ܵʱ׵Ļ˻ܣȻҲ˹ؿڴ˹ȥ
е˹ˣҲŵ
ڷﻹվŵˣֻʣַˡ
೯˹ͽܷɨһۣ˵ˣ̲ס鴤һ£ƺһĨЦ
࿴ַ磬ƽ£˫ȴ˸žȵɫʵ벻ͨԷôǿġ
ûзΪ֪ԼǶ֣ҲûܣΪ֪Լ㲻ҲסǵĹ
·һˣ಻Ҳ뷴ˡ
ȻһĿһʱ˫һڹԼ֮ǰ˫ָһѷɵɵڿк͹žžһѷɵ󣬶ɵĹҲŶؿڡ
Ҳǰ˵ĺ󳾣˵ء
ˣѾַûսַջԼϵĻ棬¶ԼΡ
ַ罫ĴŹϣʩʩȻߵһԵĵϣ
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һӳĬ˶ŸղŵĶԻ˼ԼӦúȥδӡ
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499 ֻƽȣˣ
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ʵϣʹһĶΪϵģֶƽʱᷢһʱûнӴҩϵĶؾͻ̷֮󣬻ʹҹڵʹУȥ
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ǽܷصλSߣַ磬ҲһĪĿ־С


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ַľһֱעŷе˵Ŀһ䣬̹ˡ
ҪģЧ
Ȼ˲ַ֪ղӰεĹǷǳ򵥣ַԼҲʹá
ӰεĹʵǾ˹ĳӣҲַ֮ͬ⣬ȵַ緢Ҫߵʱʱ򲻹ܵʲôħѾʹˣҪǷΰ˹ߣַţ϶һĴ
ַһ̹ϵʹԼûϰľŰ˹һǾ̣֮ڰ˹ԴݺݵĴһ¡
˹ֹˣ̴֮һ£̾ήڶʱڻᴦ״̬ʩչܵҲܵӰ죬űķ˹׵ץ˹
ֱҲյģһ˲ԷпܻᷴɵԼӶԼܵ˺
Ϊ˹ʵַһλף̫Զַľѹ˹ַŸðһԣʹһǻľ
Һý˹ʧȥ˻ֵַʵҲ͵ڵõ˽һ֤ʹ˶ַǸ߿һۣη塣
ȻַҲ֪Ƿǳգûȫİ֮ǰɲóȻʹþȥֱӵĹˡ
ַǰϵİ˹˵Һܺ棬ΪʲôҪѡ߾ֵΪȥ𣿡
˹Ŭ̧ͷַ磬Ŀһ˿־壬ȴһֽѣٺٵЦЦ˵̫Сˣǲ֪߾жôǿ֪ǿǿñ̬ߵǰȻһĲֻ·һֻҪȥѣʲô𣿡
ַüͷһ˵ô
ⲻܵģԵĻ˵ѳֱҸǿĴˣ˵ˣҵǿ󶼿ڵϺˣôǿپͳһˣôܻһֻһĽù⡣
뵽ַﵭˡ
߻ʲôǿƣַԼʵȴţţڵϣûܹԼвҪԼһǼֱ췽ҹ̷
ַüͷ˵ɣҵʵ壬ôжϵĳԷʵ۹⣬ҲԿ˭ǿ˭Ǻǣ˰ˡˣҲúϻӣ߿к˽ˣȻܹԸңôӦҲ⣬߸飬Ұɡ
ٺ٣ãҸ㡣˹ͻȻķЦЩΪ֯ͿССԼˣȫˣԼǵģңңҵһöըը㹻ȫը죬Ǿ͵źһµɡ
ʲôը
ⲻܣ
һ˹˵ˣ̶ʧɫ˸ŭ
ǽܷˣҲɫΪҲ֪顣
Ȼ˹ڵ֯ʿڱҪʱ򣬰˹ԼΪۣ͵˻ͽͬھ
ַľɿڰ˹ɨһ飬Ȼڰ˹ĸǻ﷢һСĺϽԲԲ߸ϸڰ˹ϣԲװŵģ˵ĳը
ַ粻֪ըôߵĿƼ˵һܹѵ»ըСͳըǲܵ顣
ųըͰ˹ڵһ𣬵˹ʱ򣬸ըͻԻٵʱʱһͻԶըʽ⣬˹ҲһԱͨԼĿĿƣӶԱ
˹ʹõģǿӶԱ
Ӧ˵ַǻǱȽ˵ģΪֳըԼƣͨᱻȫֻΪ˷ֻصİȫըıըǼʱģǵʱģһ⣬һըȨĳԱͿԼʹֹըıըҲǶըʹߵһԼӶֻرըӵ޹ʴݻ١
Ҫ˵Ļ˹֪ԼɣͰըˡ
Ȼըеʱװã˹Ҳַǻʲô·Ϊʱ̫ˣһֹըը»أҶҪһ군ˡ
˵ʵǵһ˹ĲըΪһըһҪˣԼ
һʼʱ򣬰˹ͼܣֻϧûܳɹӲˣһ˹һģҲصը
ڰ˹ſЦʱַһͳڰ˹ߣֳַŰ˹ĶһץֱץƶӰڸǻըץ˳
˹һҽУַĿһֿ־壬ֻ΢΢һ㶣ͷĺҵըôˣȫˣһɣ
Ű˹ĽкٿַѪܵը˵ɫѾһƬҰס
ַȴһЦ˵δأ
£ַ˲ƶŲƵַеըһ㣬ը̻һȦħǿķħըƯ˿С
ַİеը˦űϽŵը̷·һڵһ㣬У˳ȥ
ַټʱըϸӵķϵħʹըڼ̵ʱھͷɵǧ׸߿գһڿС
ַڶըͬʱ˫һ˦ٿħ̣Щ̸ķλַΧһأַħе̣һħ
ַʩһɫİԲιŻƽܲϿա
ʵϣķ̫ǿȽֵķΧ̫ˣɢ֮£Ҳŷɢ
ЧȻҲͲǿħķУǹͲǹӵǹػǹӵ¾͵ֵסˡ
ַֻ粼ħĿģҲըΪַļ㣬ǿըеĸ߶ȣըըʱ򣬳ײʱѾûжԵ潨ﹹв
ַ粼ħҪĿֻΪ˷ը֮ĹĿͿеĺ˷䡣
ȻַղõըʱǳַѾþɨըöըһ㶼򵥣ԭãַ粢ַ̫ȴųը﷢˺ʵĺۼŲըܱܿʹ˺ʣһըը˱ըĳ֮⣬ȾħҪ󣬾ǺȾ
ʱ򣬸߿Ȼһ죬һõĻڸ߿ڶĻƺնȼ
ַص̧ͷգըըƺ֮ǰԤƵĻҪǿ


503 Ⱦ
һ죬һڰձըŻƵıըһǿĳӿնŻƽȵܲϯ
ַɫأһӷչ˲úõķħնĿ񱩷ˣ̱ħ赲⡣
һ˱ƽȵ赲ǵڶˣˣȵ˵ʱħ󶼲ϣԽԽǿˣħ˼Ӱ죬ħ󼴽
ַɫһ䣬̧ȣ̼ħ룬ַħ֧֣ħƽ
ƽȣûмֶãź˵ĵħַֻּܼӴħ룬Ա֤ħȶС
Һıըˣûά̫ãʮ󣬱ըԽԽҲûжԷħκγ
ַһҲֹͣħ
ǿųըַĹ㣬Һַ̫粼õķħǰನȫ赲
ЩನȻΪ̫ԶǵʱѾǲǴϣǴ򵽽ϣƻҪǣЩನ̺зʣͻɲԤƵĲ
ħ赲ȫһˣЩ˱ħ赲ڻ֮⣬ûжԻκ˺еķʣҲΪħ赲޷Ⱦеͻˡ
⻹ֻǵһֻα겻αΪЩʻĿУһΧĻȾӰ죬ҪǲԻӰ죬ͱ뽫ЩȾԴ
ַ˵ƽȣѾбҪƽ
ֻЩȾӦôأ
ַüͷ룬ʱ⣬һԡ
ַһһ˲ƻص˵»أַˣʱһҿַĿҲӵľη
ǸղҲıըˣôԶľ룬ը֪ǿըжˣһըڵ»ﱬը»أᱻը׳졣
ܷسַɨһۣæʵ᳤ղžǿըը𣿻᳤ûˡ
ַͷ˵һըκβҡ
ֹܷеʵͺãˣ᳤ըˣըΣ
ܷʣ̶˶䣬ǿը֪ǿޱȣҪըڵ汬ըĻΧһΧڵнȫҪˣͲ᳤֪ǿըˣը֮ʲôʧ˶ˡ
ַȴͻȻЦ˵ĺˣǿըҶ߿ȥˣըڸ߿ձըģڱըּ֮ʱʩչһըĳȫ赲⣬һεıըûжǲκʧ
˶һ᳤Ҳ̫ţ˰Ȼը߿ȥˣһ˽磬˻ء
ֻû뵽᳤Ȼ᲼ý磬᳤Ҳ̫ˣʲôǻ᳤
ʵҲ󷨵һֽзֻǺȣɾͼ򵥶ˣڲٵĳЩߣӵʩչ
ܹʩչ˷ǳ٣ܷصû뵽᳤ȻҲʩչ硣
᳤ʵ̫ǿˣܹôǿĻ᳤飬һǵѡҲˡ
˹ȫɵۣȫû뵽ȻĽ֣ըըˣȻһ˶ûըʵ̫˼ˡ
˹Ȼֱַȡڵը˿ڲˣʱȴǲġ
ַŰ˹һָһ˰˹ϵ˿ڣҫ£˿ڸѵѪѸϣ˿ȻûлָѪֹסˡ
ַ˵һһãһץѣúÿҪʲôˡ
ǻ᳤AߣӦһǰѰ˹Ѻ
ַ翴ܷأ˵ܷأըȻѾûˣǿըȴкȾڻ֮ĻܵȾҪЩȾҪȥԸؾǲҪӰ쵽ҵж
ܷ˵ǻ᳤᳤ڱڵ»أͨѶҲжˣҪôȥء
ºܼ򵥣һȥģɣߵַŽܷһ֣ܷ̾ߵַߡ
ַһץסܷصļͬʱ˲ƶַͽܷصһģӰһַѾͽܷشڵ硣
ܷػǵһ飬оݲֻ࣬ٶ̫죬Խܡ
ܷػķɿĲ鿴ΧĻȻ᳤˵ƽ˾ûзѣǿըȻǲڻﱬըġ
̧ͷһգԿԼͷϿգһɫĹâѵ˵ǻ᳤˵Ľˣڸߵĸ߿Уһڻɢ˵ˣŻƣȻǸղַ綪еըˡ
Ȼַָս͵ϸеĻɫ֣ʩչĽΪķըըʱĳûжԻκһ˺
ڽϿգǿըըʱĻƣڻܿǶûɢĻƶ䡣
˶٣ַ˵һˣը˺˲ϣӶڱըзȾըʱĺȾѾ赲⣬ҪȥĺʣЩؾ鷳ܷȥһˣ֪£Ӷ¡
ãȥ֪ͨǡܷҲ֪ԣӦһ̾ͳЩʿȥ
ַɲЩ飬ŽܷѾȥˣæ˲ƣ˷Χ
һ뿪ħıַ̾͸оһ䣬ʲôʱѾʲôӰ컷
ˣⶫӦþǺȾ˰ɡ
˲Ƴ˲䣬ַæԼͷһħѺȾ֮⡣
ַóȣĬĬӽʩУ̶һȦתķС
תķУȻһǿΧʮ֮ڵĿŷ
ַűķ磬ٵļеԪغӶȷкĻ޺ġ
޺Ŀ̷ߣЩжĿᱻռȵʵĵطȥ١
ַЧǳߣǶħ̫ЩַʣķӦܹɵġ
СʱַڰекʡռַһŪΧĿָֻԭȻɢĺȾǷǳͣѾԻвˡ
ַʩȾʱ򣬻ƽȵĵ沿ӣûжַ緢ܷصá


504 
ųըĺǳɾˣַҲΪһ
ַ绹û뵽֯·񣬻伫Ҫַ˲ǿըըʱ򣬾ַܹµ»ˣҪһˡ
ַ֯ļɵ֮ģҲһ֡
֯ʵǿ󣬶¼ˣһǳΣյĴڣַ˼ɵȴ뽫߲ˡ
ˣ֯ȻܹһųըǲǻᰲıֶΣһ㲻ɲԼǺúò鿴һεĺáַ뵽˲ƽ»أڽ»ص˲䣬̽״̬ȻԵ»صÿһأʹþһ飬еÿһҲҪһ飬Ӷȷصľ԰ȫ
߿ƼַΪˣȻǷǳҪһըͻȻ߱ըĻַҲұ֤Լһܹ
ǵģԼ̫⣬Ҳ̫ˣΪħʿ֮ΪԼ޵У۸˵սԼǿģǿ޵УȻкܶ෽ɱԼ򵥵ģһųը߶һģһöԶ̵ˣرװغ˵ͷԶ̵ֻҪһţ㹻ɱԼ
ַһ߼أһȴԼһʱΪ˼
ɷϣΪʵͻȻַͣѾЩͷˣȵţԸԸɲʲôöǻ˲Ӱġ
ַ΢΢һЦͻȻߵһըը̫̫ʱˣըļʱ֣Ը״ַ̬ըѣַоԼľڲ֪һΡ
úúãȻ˭С˭ģʨӲȫ仰ûеġ
ַ簵ͷҲԽר
ַôһϸ飬ڵ»ط˲صըϸըǳըΪڶ࣬ƻϣһҲǿųըȳըƻԸǿ
ַҲǵһһǿųըﱬըһҲͬʱصըʱ»ؿ϶군ˣǵϵСǣҲᱻըķѡ
֯Ǻݶ
ЩصըҲӦķֶˣΪ֮⣬ַ粢ûбķ֡
ЩըҲΣȻȫңըһǿԳңرըΪַ绹пһװźŽ򵥵˵ըﰲװһװֻͨһ绰ͿԶ̵ը
ȻԶȻҲǿԽģҲ˵ڻƽڲ˸ղץը⣬߻в߰ŵԱЩԱأ˵ǷǳΣյĴڣַԼһҪЩߵԱȫץ
¿ɲװΪ»صԱǧˣÿһ˶ˣַҪһһץɲ׵顣
ţҲֻôˡ
ַѾ⣬ڻȷ԰ȫ£ʩС
ַԻغԱɨ裬Ӷ©ը
Щַҳըȫŵ˴ռռըڴռǲõıźģǳȫ
ȻԼĲǼΪŵģǰըƺ󣬲ûãַϸһȦûҵըҲû˵ϣҵصը
ãȷûжըˣھҪҳǲطˡ
˵ƽҲߵ֮һ߶ЩȻҲȫģԲŻЩԱĴڣԼըĲãǲ֪ЩըԸߵģԸԼ˵ģģڱҪʱЩը϶Ի٣ӶﵽػܵĿġ
Ҫַ缰ʱİǿųըתƳȥǿųըڵ»ﱬըˣһըըضը죬ôػصҲ͵ڱٵߵܣҲͲᱻɢȥˡ
ߵĺɴ˿ɼһߡ
ȷԼ©ַصղŵķ
᳤һַˣӭղը飬Ѿַȫ۷ΪϣҲͱ֮ǰӵĹҲ顣
ţǶû°ɡַͷ˵
л᳤ģл᳤ĸǶܺáæ˵
ͺáַ˵ҲĺˣղűըȾѾɾˣٶԻΧĻӰˡ
ɾ̫ˣ᳤ˡܷһʱЦ
˵ʵƽȿִģҵĸɲԼཨĻƽȣһըһ
ַܷŽܷصͷͻȻתͷһЦЦ
ϳȻɫ·ΪʲôַԼЦֻܿͷӦҲæַЦЦ
ַʵʲô֣
᳤ҽɵ¡ɵµĺȻ֪Ϊʲô᳤Լ᳤֣֪Բҵæ˵Լ֡
ɵ£ƽȶˣ
ɵ»ش᳤ʮǰͼƽˣҼǵʱ򣬻ƽȻûôǿʢͨŬһһ㣬չ׳ڵĳ̶ȵġ
ַ̾Ϣһʵ˵ĺã˵ðʮǰͼ˻ƽȣҲǻƽȵԪϹˣû뵽ʱ仹治أҸ֪ʲôλְʲôɫΪʲôţöըĿ
ɵ𾪣ȴһƬãȻʵ᳤˵ʲôǻƽͱշˣֻҵݣŲϺţҲֻ켸ˣܺܲ˵ϻʲôըҾ͸Ӳ֪ˡ
ȷĲ֪ըַ絭ʵȴһƬŵɫ
ɵҧ˵Ĳ֪ʲôը
ַ΢΢һЦ˵㲱Ϲŵʲôһʯ𣿡
ɵµɫڱˣɵҲ벻ַȻܹҳԼŵը
ûըɵµϣרư˹ڵըģöըãǵ˹ըʼըʱʱɵ¿ʹըȡըıը
ҲΪԤ˹ըӶΪ֯ԼֶΡ
˹ըըȨԼϣըıըȡȨȴɵµϣһγһԼƣʹըײᱬըһҪʱֻҪɵ²ֹ˹ͿƾԼһˣը
˵ף߶ԼصİȫǷǳĵģǲΪ⣬ԶĵƵ԰ȫͱأӶӵı֤صİȫ
ѻصİȫ˵ϣȻҪȽһ˵ϣҪӰȫġ


505 ʽѯ
ɵȻӲ᳤ɲԩңһͨôը
ַ̾һĽˣʵʤ۱磬ɵϵַ羫һɨ̾ͿеĲͬĽṹҲַ翴һַԭ²⣬ʲôģֻ￴֯΢ͱ־ȷйأǾթһթɵ£Ȼֻһ̽Ͱɵ̽ˡ
ʵϣҲɵãԭַûзϵ쳣ģַֻɨɨϰˣһصҲϰԵɨһ£ɨ赽ɵϵʯȴһ£ΪӦŮ˴ģһŮַ֮£Ͷɨһ£ʱ֣쳣ҳɵµ
˵ʵɵ¿϶Ҳ˲ţһʼգַ綼ûϣҪĿʽַĺ棬ַ»ץסϾ˭Ҳ벻ôССһʯȻǳըĿˡ
ַҡҡͷ˵ɵ£ٽƱûиоʲôķӦԣΪ˵ˣ俪ʼˣټ˵ѣôͻ𽥼ǿҪ
ⲻܣʲô䣬һƭ˵ġɵ˵ֻȴһĨŨûĿ־壬Ϊɵĸоһֱײڲƻ
ɵ¸оԼıģһĨȻѪѪ˳ıǻ˳
ַЦ˰ɣݼ̫ˣƭκˣһˣǾû취ƭģǾԼƭκˣ޷ƭԼ޷ԼһأԼ֪ԼƭҵʱȻҲ֮Ч
ڻֻͼЧΪ˵ѵȻƭԽ࣬˺ҲԽĥ
Ŀһ㣬Լ˵ѣʱ㲻ú
ɵµıﲻϵѪ˶ˣν䣬Ȼģ
ɵҲǴһȻһЦ˵ɷϣĺǿҲĶ֣ߵǿҲܹģŰɣ߻ΪұģǶŰɣ߻һɱǶˡ
ַоɵɫ쳣ֹ̾ɵ£ϧһɵȻһҧĶҩ̱ɵµɫ˲ࡣ
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ͬʱ˰ķ˹Ҳһѳ嵽˹ߣŰ˹°һץһͰ°ж
˹ɵµͬȻɵ¿Էɱô˹Ҳпܻôķ˹ϵְѰ˹°͸жˣһ㰬˹жҩҲ޷ɱˡ
ַľһֱڹ۲Χ˰ķ˹ⷬǶĴЩˡ
˵һ£ַһַȻɨǵȫǶǳŴȥɨ裬ҪǷֹϵըݵȲλǺԵˣⷽ棬ַľȷ㣬ŸǷɱĻᡣ
ַֻǰɱҲһ׵飬Ƿ𣬾ĶҩҲиɱḶַ́ȫǱ֮ǰȻǡ
Ȼַľ£ɵµɫѸٱãڵĶҲַ
ɵȫˣ޷Լصľ綾αַģ̫˼ˡ
ɵ¾㵵£ַ綯ٵɵµϣžžžžô£ɵ²ҽһʱԼֽ֫ѾַϣʱɵµĲҽȻֹԭ°ͱַжˣɵ޷˵
ַ˵˴ȥǻôǵòҪˣøǳԺȣҲҪ˯һֱǱ״̬Ϳˡ
ǻ᳤ôˡ
ַͼ̫ò²ˣ޷Ǿĥѣ𿴲˯Ǻͨ飬Ǽ㼸켸ҹ˯ʱͻоһֺرĥ
ַҪĥǵ־ȵ־ʱַͿ׵ĴǣӶǵĿлȡй֯Ϣ
߷ǳأַɲʧȥȡϢĻᣬĻɵҪɱɱˣַôȥ
ַɵϵߣ˰Ǵȥ
ȵ˱Ѻȥַ翴ŷµˣ˵Ҳˣ߶ǿһ㶼ģԲŲЩܳԱǣҪʱҲɱǣ˵ǵսǵĶ֣صըȴ׾ٵİˣλSһըƬ
߶ǿһ㶼ģǾûбҪΪ߾𣿡
ܷǸˣһַ˵æŭ˵᳤˵Ķԣ߸ûаǵԼ˿Ժûڻ᳤󣬾ְصġ
˹̾һȻ˵Ҳһʵǿˣû뵽߾ȻҲģը飬ҸͲ֪ȻҲûаҵԼ˿
µҲǷ׷ǴߣҶַʾԼġ
ַ΢Цͷ϶ɫ˵ǶǴˣӦô϶ǳˣм߶ǵĲΣ߻֮аҪһһм𣬻ϣǲҪ⡣
ܷæ˵⣬Ӧõģ᳤ʲôҪϰæĵط뾡ܿںˡ
ַ˵ͺãʵҲܼ򵥵ģΪǶѾʯǩԼǲܱ֯ģѯǵʱǳʵĻشͿˣʵĻش𲻻ܵ˺ߵҪǳʵĻش𣬾͵ΥԼʱȻ֪ˡ
ܷس޵᳤ʵ̫ˣʹϿʼɣһʵãҲô֪ҵףϴҵɡ
Ҳáַ΢Ц˵
ַͶԽܷأʵܷı𡣡
ǣܷؾҵı
ƽʲôĿģʹʲô
ƽҴҵĿûƽȷչĸãӶΪԼṩõķչԴ
ַĵͷ˵ܷˣĻشûκ⡣
ֻ򵥵⣬ȴܹ׵ı𣬶Էʵݺ˵ĿģӶ֪ˣǲڻƽȷչƽȱġ


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ַ˵ܷأԴѯµˣҪʶֻ࣬ҪͿˣ˭ڼ飬˭ףһʾס
ǣлл᳤Ρܷظм˵Ȼת࣬ʵ࣬ı𣿡
һЦֻ˵ǣҼƽ֮ȡ֣֣֮Ϊڼ˴ԼΪԼֻ
ܷһǵһ֪ȻıĽܷͣزɵýĿ⿴ַ硣
ַͷʾܷأಢû˵ѣȻԼ˵֮Ը֣Ϊڼ˴Բò
ܣĺѽܷҲǲ֪ġ
ַʾ⣬ܷżʵƽʲôĿģʹʲô
ֻܼԼĿĺʹĿĺܼ򵥣Ǳܻ˳ҲΪԼʵ
ûķӦȻû˵ѡ
ַ׼ͽܷ˿ͬʱԱͬʱѯʡ
Ҳȷû󣬾Ϳĸѯµˣһȷû⣬ͱ˰˸ˣɰ˸ˣͬʱѯ˸⣬һʮˣں̵ܶʱڣͱѯһ飬ȷû⡣
ַ˵Ǻܲ𣬴ҾԼˣӭǼᡣ
лл᳤ࡣܷشͷַм˵
ȻַҲ֪ǵĸмǳα˵ַоˬ졣
ɷ򣬲һȨ⻰ɲûеġ
ȷû߰ŵԱַ˵һ£ղûиǣǿ֪ڵ»˵ըЩը㹻ը죬ЩըֻģҲ˵ֻҪҪ߿ͨһ绰Ͱը졣
ܷزŵ˵ⲻܣǻҰ޽ģôᱻ͵͵ը
ַЦ˵ǻƽȣߵ֯жߵˣҲ壬Ҫֽţʵ̫ˣûֻ֣˵Էֶθ˵ܡ
ܷسĬ侲һ룬᳤˵̫ˣڻƽȵĵλǵֶΣҪ͵͵İһЩըǲʲô
ܷ̾һ˵᳤˵ĶԣҪڻﲼըʵ̫ˣϾضߵΧ
ַһͷóһը˵ţҵը˭ŵĻҲԼ鿴ȰҪˣһҪץʱ䣬ΪըңըȻ»صͨѶźűˣҲ֪ߵֶܲը
ַ˵˭Ҳ鿴ըæ˵ַĻַըպãⱻԷ
ַպը˵Ҳ֪ߵĳ֮ݶˣǿûаǵԼ˶Դģ֯ǿ϶ǲŹǵģҪߵıΨһķǰ߽ûˣȻҲͲõǵıˡ
᳤˵һо᳤ֻܿˣ˵ʵǵʵɶԿߡܷʵ˵Ҳ˵˵
ַ纬Ц˵İɣҵʵҲӦ֪һˣҵʵ׹Ҷ£Ҫ˵׹ֵһ֯ˣпܣһ̵ʱڣ߽
ȻҪһĿ꣬һѴҶߵǳ٣ǵܲأģһ֪ҪΪṩˡ
ַ˵˰죬ĿģˣҪй֯鱨
ܷΪƽȵ죬ҲӴ֯ˣзȨģ˵Ҳǽܷء
ܷ룬˵˵ҺߵĽӴ׷ݵʮǰˣҵǰ죬һֱĬĬĿܣһֱʮǰڳΪһSߣʹĴҲĽһҵƽȣҲ£ġ
ŬƽȵĿڽҲʱҪշǣҵʱȻǲͬˣֻһս֮ȫǻƽȵĶֻ֣ѡ񳼷ƽȡ
Ӵ֮Ǿͳ˻ƽȵΧרΪƽṩƽ𣬶֪Щƽ󲿷ֶת׹Ȼ׹Ĺлƽ𴢱
ҲܵߵıڶεΣ£ȫΪģʮ˻ƽڵĹģ
ôߵĽӴʵӦþ׹ܳһרΪ׹һЩǲ飬ӶΪ׹ȥ޴棬ǻƽҪΧ֯أӦΪ٣߱ʵΪݱȽ⣬ҲӴǲһϣ˹ȻǸлȨģΪܲɵġ
˹һֻ˵ұ˵һ£ߵ֯ṹȽر𣬳ĺĳԱ⣬һ֯Աߵ˽⣬ӦöڱģһԱĶ壬Ҳڡ
Ҽ֯ʱ䣬̫ǰ롯ߵġ
ϣ˹ҧıȽأȻһʼʱԸߵġ
ֻ֪߲ͬзߵѡǿϵߣᱻ룬ͨ֯ߣ֯УƺΪսӣսӵ˵һǧң࣬ǸеľӢӣսӵҪְ𣬾Ϊ֯սҪ
ȻսҲǷֵȼģЩSֵ߱սS飬SᳬˣS⣬AB飬ABʵȽΪȽ϶࣬鷴սм
սƽʱܲѵʹʱ򣬾ͻļɳսӣһΪ˻ƽȵķչɳSԱAʮԱ
һγԱ࣬ɶеľӢҲǵЭƽȵĹƣŻǿ󡣡
˹˵˵˵߰ɣȻҼҲʱˣڻĸ߲㲢ûмһɣҼǼ߲㣬Ҳǿܶѣĸ߲㣬ûǰ˵ߵĸ߲ǳأֻĺսӲ֪ˡ
û֧սӵ֣սӵĳԱһSߣ꣬ǸҵĲ²ͽӴǵԲ̫࣬ӦòᳬʮˣߵĳԱȫĸ֣ҵʵԲκһ˵Ķ֡


507 ߵʵ
սӣǽַֹԴ˲˺档
˵ʵ˹ĲַŶߵʵһȽֱ۵ӡߵʵޱǿ󣬽¶ıɽһǣȫԸһҵ࿹ˡ
ҪַıħɽַǾûеȥȻġ
ַѯʣ˹Цһ˵ֹһΣǰҾǱսӵһԱ뵽֯ġ
һļǵãһСķɣˣ˵һ̣ܹǵƤӵĵܹ׵նϸ׵ƿҵ׵绤ܣȫĶ֣غϣҾͱſˣҪǶԷҪҼ֯ҿͱɱˡ
ɣˣ̣ô˵ߵĳԱȫ׹ˣַüʵ
˹˵ǵģߵĳԱأصĶǿߣҼĳԱУԷɣ̣ҲԻĵĹߣӲȵ٤ֵȵȣΪǺǵǰչ¶ʵԶǵսΣҲֻǸݵܹ״ҿǵʵǳǿױȵǿ󣬻ֻл᳤ܺǿˡ
ַͷ˵˵ɣԼ֪˵
ǣ᳤
˹˵սӵĳԱ࣬սǳǿҲ֯ĺƲӣǲսӵģҲ²⣬ҲֻսӵĳԱŽӴߵĸ߲㣬֪ǵĵϸ
ԣ˵ߵʵȻһţΪûֻӴǵΧ˽ĺģν׹֧֣ʵҲֻԼĲ²⣬ߺ׹ĹϵΣҲֻǵĸ߲֪ˡ
Ի᳤ڶԸߵʱһҪСսҪעռ߸߲鱨һ֯ĸ߲㣬ǵģ߲㲻еĻضһȫҲԻط½أò˶ʱ䣬߾ͻ
ߵĻأֻ֪ŵķλӦ̫ƽĳСĵ»أ徿ģҲΪÿγʱ򣬶ǳֱܷģֻ֪Сĵ»ڣȴö֪ˡ
˹ֽŶԵ»صľ˻㱨»طǳ޴󣬳ס˿Ӧ֮࣬»أ˳ס˿⣬Ӵĸֻãֲ԰»ƽʱʳõĹϹܴһ֣ͨǵֲ԰ֳġ
֮⣬ڲо޴ʳֿ⣬ʳ㹻ˣʳһϣÿ»һֻأΪṩʡ
װԱ⣬ģʵǸֿԱｨ˺ܶʵңΪЩԱṩо
Լƻն飬ʵ»еġ
ڻľ˹ҲǺֻ˵ǻǿԷģǰСĻʹúҲѰǵĻػ
ս͸߽ˣΪ̫ˣǧߣҶSҲϰǺĸˣ˵öᱻ͵͵
˹һͰԼ֪йߵϢȫ˵˳
ߵʵͰ˾ˣһȣǻƽȵһʵǲģ߸Ͳó̫ԱֻҪɼսSĳԱͿ԰ѻƽˡ
֮ԲѻƽȳʰҲǿڻƽȹҲ㹻õķϣǰѻƽȵһʹˡ
ܷ̾Ϣ˵һǵһ֪ߵʵǿ󣬺һȣǻƽȻǲһ
ԭֻ֪׹֧֣ʵǿޱȣôǿ󷨣ȴ֪ǻΪҲͱǻƽǿһѣ˹Ľ֪ͣԼ˺߲Ų྿жˣǰǲһ
˵Ҳ֮
ַͻȻһЦƽ˵ߵʵȻǿҲҰǵɶֿȻѾ֪ߵܲڵأôҲͺðˣҰ鴦ϣͻȥܲҵ뿴ǵܲ군ˣ߻ʲôΪ
˹üͷĵ˵᳤ߵʵ̫ǿˣǻƽȵһ֣²ǵĶ֣»ֻˣͲ֪ܹΪṩԱװ
ַȴҡҡͷ˵ûˣֻһᣬǴҵڣصķֻضҪԱҲνսУװ߽ߵһ˳㹻ˡ
һˣ᳤㻹Ƕ࿼ǿǰɣߵʵ̫ǿˣһˣ²ǵĶְ˹һû뵽᳤ǴƾԼһ˵ȥ߽ߵġ
ַһֹ֣˹˵ȥַ˵֪ڵʲôΪҵģΪǵĽģϻûʲôˣܹ˺ңߣҲûʲôܹңһȥ߻أʵѡ񣬲ǽأ뿪أҶȫİգһ˶ˣһҪչ˱ˣҲ
ν˵ģͣ⣬ַ˵ϣˣʱһ᳤⻰ʲô˼ûܹ˺㣬ѵ˵⻹ܹ˺㣿᳤ԽӴ𣿻˵ǻ᳤֮ʧѣ
ַû뵽Լһ仰ǵ룬˵ˣߵͲˣֻҪռ߻صͿˣ飬һаŵġ
ַ˹˵ˣЩ棬ƽȵ񾿾ʲô
˹͵ƽռĽ󣬾ܵںжֻܵȴܲ
ڻƽȵӰѹ£Ľһ𣬱֮Ϊ
ַ翴ܷأΪƽȵ죬ܷӦöڴ˴εŸ˽⡣
Ȼܷؿַ翴˵᳤ʵϣһΣ߻ǲ˹˹ΪĿɽ⣬ҵĿɿϢ̵SߣѾһʹǵвѾΪһνĺûᣬͶߴ˱棬˹ˣŻᱻǲ
ԭˡַͷʵôмSߣߵʵǿΪʲôЩɢܻڣ
⣬ַѾ˺ܾˣַǳ棬Ϊʲô߻շƽȣȴշ
ܷؽ͵᳤ǧҪС߸շǻƽȣҶǻƽǿȴܼɵײǵġ
ΪʲôַӺˡ


508 
ܷؽ͵ʵϣһʼʱ߲ûпǻƽȣֱȥҵĸ䣬ֻڸг˿ͷתҵǻƽȣǻƽȶԿ䡣
᳤϶ɻܹ߳ԿĲ䣬ǲǺǿ󣿻᳤Ҫ룬Ǿʹشˣʵϣ߳ԿĲЩǿ󣬶Ϊһ
ʵǺǿǺһȣͲֵһˣر߿ŪҪԸ䣬ȫߵĶֻ֣һǿԲ߳һοǳɵ֮£ȻҲͲȥǵ鷳
ҺЩ⣬߳Կ֮ҲϾĺҪǻƽĻᣬĻ߹һﻹǻƽʲô顣
ַϸҲȫĵ
ܷس˵һܵܣЩߵ߶ж˵ܣ˵ʦʥһñ֮ΪĶľöľΪǧõܵĹӶΪ˸ػ񣬵ֵ֮ʱǻ붯ľΪṩӻ䣬
ţѾܶˣܶ˶ţǲģȴ˭Ҳ˵壬Ҳ֪Ĵ𰸣ֻȻǲ˵ġ
СʱĴ˵ֻʱֻǰ˵񻰹ǺߵϣȴΪˣŻߣʹԳɵ֮ģȥǵע⡣
ֻ˵᳤ôţֻǻ᳤²֪굱ұշʱ߾ͶԲȥЩ鷳ߵʵǿ˵ʵ̫˼ˣҲԽţνĴ˵ˡ
ܷҡҡͷ˵Ĵڣ벻ͨʲôɣȴ
ַʵ񣿶ľ˵ľǴʦʥʦķȾ͵öľ֦ģ˵Ķľָľ
ܷؽ͵᳤Ҳ֪ľˣֶľֻ˵Ķľͻ᳤˵ĶľͬһöľţӦ˵ɣ˵еľԭʼĶľжľȣڵΪ̫ԶѾ޷Ѿһ꣬Ҳʮꡣ
öľ̫ãҲֳĺʦʹõĶľʵֻľϵ֦ѣʼ涾ľϵ֦⣬û˵ȥɼʹõġ
ԭַĵͷ
ô˵öľпǻģҲΪ̫ãӶĳֱ죬Ӷʹӵ˲˼ַ²˵Ȼֲ죬ս·췽ҹ̷˼飬ַȥ½˼Ķ̫ˣԷ˵
ܷأû֪ôһ£Ͼ˵ҲֻǴ˵ѣûеĿ֮ǰ˭Ҳ޷ȷ٣ֻܹ߼ɵ㲻ҲֵǾġ
ַɻȻǲ׼ȥǸ䣬ȻǶʲôɵģôΪʲôֶǵ߻֧㣬ɳѵֲ𣿡
ַԴ˺ܺ棬Ȼ߶ԸмɵôȥЩĲҵⲻì
ܷЦŽ͵᳤ǱˣЩ˽⣬ʵϣϷǵӦֹɡ
һǸ䣬ЩıˣǵĴзǳԶӵһЩ޷ӵеǳǿټϲսʿĹ˵ϷǵʵǿģӰҲǳ󡣡
Ǹ䣬Ҳ㣬˿̫٣ǵͳƣڸˣ˿Ӧòᳬʮ򣬶Ϸ˵ֻкСһ˿ڣƾǵʵҲ޷ͳƬصġ
ڶڶɢ˽˿ɵˣһ֧˵Ҳӣ˰˻ˣֶУǳӣ˿ӵģҲΪ̫ӣγһɢɳǵʵҲġ
һǻƽˣǻƽȵ˿ûĶ࣬ǵĸȴǿҲǿѹԭ򡣡
ʵϣûֺ棬ǵĶһֱǵһֻȻҲ֪ݺĵڹؼԵʱ̣ǻɳ֧ԮҲ޷ԭ򣬵ȻȻҲǲǻƽȵġ
Ŀǰ֪һS򣬱ǻƽȻһˣֻֻҪǲȥǣSҲǲ׳ġ
µ鱨һSֿѾˣһSֵȥԻڲУȻ󲨣Ҫ֪Ҳɸ϶ɵģǲһ飬һSֵʧȥճܶᣬǻһˡ
мڴˣ̸߷ϢϣܹŲҵʱ򣬳ûռһЩĵ̣ȵǵռѾɣҲκβǡ
ܷ΢Цǳ΢Ϊǻɵ˭ҲóȻ֣ͺƽ˻ƺ⡣ǲSֵĲţȴʹò䷽ƽʧȥƽ⣬ӶĻᣬȵһƽʱѾ㹻棬ƽ״̬£ҲǣҲúǵıΪ
ַ֪¼ࡣ
ַ绹û뵽ϷҲ˵Ĵ۸ӣҪǽܷ˵ַ绹治Ūеİء
Ϸڵ磬ͦģصʵҲǲСӣϾܹ߶ǲɵ㹻˵֮ˡ
ֻĿǰ˵ַҲǲַͷŶ֣صֻ֯а߽ˣַڳʰµĶ֡
뵽ַ˵ƻճʩУֻҪעⲿĶ򣬿ɲҪǱƼˣǵͷŶߣǡ
ǻ᳤ôġܷæ˵
ַͷ˵ˣȸȥˣʲô˵ʲô˵ס
ǻ᳤ȥˡ
ַ翴˹˹˵Sߺ˾ͬɣʵ㲻ûɱȥܲɣᣬҿԴӦκˣ»ָ
˹æ˵ǻ᳤ȥȰ˵ɣһͬġ
òˡַͷ


509 ˫
ַķˣȥˡ
ûã˹иɵĺ˷ط䡣
ɱַ˫ȣǱ̧Žġ
̧ĸɫŹֵؿַ磬ɫһ԰ס
˵Ҳǣűַ˫ȣȴҪַͷϣַ֯ΪַǺεȷ̵飬ǸȴΪ˫ȵƷǳأֶǾ޷κ˵ģӦᣬɵ˫Ⱦ͵ڲзϵˣҲͳһˡ
һվS˵һˣʵһ޷ܵ顣
ͣ˺˹Ȱ˵֮ȻﲻֻΪ˫ȣΪܹվΪһˣֻܸŹˡ
ַ翴˵ɣ˹ӦѾ˵ҵˣҿκˣֻҪᡣ
ɵʹԴ˵ͬˡ
ַЦ˵ͬͺãôôӦ֪ˣ˵˰ɡ
֪ɳ˵Ȼ˹˵ķŷ¶ģĳһ䵽˸ɵϣѾǱ˸ɵڡ
ʯȻܹǵΪڿΥ£ɱǣ˵ףʯҲ㣬ǱǱ˳ԸĻ޷Ǳǵڵġ
һǵڣôԭСҲ˳ӶӣΥԼݵʱͻڱһٰΥԵˣɱ
SߵʵҲѾǿģ£һҪǵֻʯ䣬ԸܵģƿķǱǵڲûзڲΪΪʯɱЩǿߵԭ
ûôǿֻΪڲԲŻЧ
ѾԣĻǼ⣬ΪܵԼƣַҲͿԷĵΪˡ
ɵ˫ȱַϣ˫ȵĹͷѾԹۣڵҽǺƵģҲǸεҪԭ򣬳ַ֮⣬»ҲܹƵˡ
ַߵǰɵݹȥһƿҩˮ˵ƵĳǿҩˮҩˮǳͬʱҩЧҲǳǿ󣬲κμκƣԲЧ˫ȵƣƷѴﵽЧҲֻʹƵҩˮ˫ȵơ
ʥ׳ʵҲƣʥ׳滹̫СˣѾڸղŵУһַֻóһƿҩˮˣҲչʾԼʵһλᡣ
ַĽͣ˫һȲľͰҩˮ˹ȥ
᳤ҩˮҪôʹãɿеҩˮʵ
ַ˵ܼ򵥵ģڷͿˡ
ǣɴӦһƿǣһͷͰƿҩˮ
ҩˮ볦θãɾ͸оӦˣÿҩЧ
ոɶҩĳʶʲôҩԵ֮ҪһʱҩˮܲҩЧģвźȥͲЧģȻҲһҩں²þͲãֻҩʲôҩǶҩ
ҩЧͼӰԽԽЧڼ̵ʱڣЧ˶
ǺȻɺµĲǶҩɲûκβʵĸооůĺһůθﳯ˫ӹȥ
ɳԾѵ˵ҩЧѾʼ˫ˣҲ̫˼ˣ⵹ʲôҩ
Ծı飬˹Ҳǳһæʵô˸ɣʲôĵط𣿡
ɳ˹ҡҡͷȵ˵ҸоҩˮѾʼڲˣҩЧҲ̫˰ɣ
ʲôѾЧˣǲģ˹ҲǳһĿ⿴ַ硣
ַԴƺϣûκ⣬ƽ˵ȻΪҸʲôͨĻɫǿı֮һӵڶʱκʹͼЧԸɵƣҿԱ֤СʱڣͿԻָվЧĻһСʱڣɾͿվˡ
СʱͿվЧôǿɳһ˹Ҳȵɫ
᳤ṩҩˮжôǿȻܹڶ̶̵СʱڣѸɵ˫κã˹֪ɵ˫Ⱦжôأǿ˫ȷԹۣҲʣ²зһ·ˣʵ޷ţɾȻԱκãԱκãһڼ̵ʱڣСʱڱκãʵ̫˼ˡ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵ʵ޷ģӵеĺöҲ޴֪ƿҩˮ˵ҩˮҲõı֮һ٣ȴҲԲ٣ĸ߲Ա϶ݸԵĹѫӶ䵽ҩˮ
ҩˮã൱ǿ󣬲ǶصˣֻҪһڣͿԱסҿƴ󲿷ƣǴ󲿷ּҲƣ־֢ҲƷΧڡ
óԾѣ˹ľȵʵƾ᳤֢˼˵ҩˮƾ֢
ַͷ˵ǵģ֪ĸ־֢ƷΧڣ簬̣簩֢Ѫڷǳֻ̣ҪһƿҩˮСʱڣͻЧ϶Ȭġ
˵һԾѡ
ʵޱǿĿǰϱĹҶЩ֢޲ߣѾƳܹڶʱƾ֢ҩˮĿɴ˿ɼһߡ
˹ɻʵ᳤ȻôõҩˮΪʲôû˵£᳤ҩˮ𣿿ԤһҩˮǶߵļ۸ģʱͲȱʽˡ
ַͷ˵Ȼˣֻз磬ĵӻ̫ˣ̫עⲢʲô飬һҩˮĲϷǳ󣬶ǳӣ׿ģĿǰǻֹֻܽÿĲǳޣڲʹҲԵϡˣ͸Ҫ˵ˡ
ĿǰǲҩˮģǿڱҪ£ҩˮҪˣȻһˣûġ
ԭ˹Ȼ̫ˡ
˵Ҳǣ˵ˣ׹ҩˮ㵱׹ҹȻ𣿾׹ҲһҹȻ۵ģΪҩˮЧ̫ǿˣȫĿ⣬ǿ߶ƴĴ׹⣬ǿ׹ҲЩǿߵɧ£ӦӲϾġ
ǿˣ͸˵ˡ


510 Ů˿
ַҡҡ˵ˣ¾˵ˡǼȥæȥɣҲѸɴߣúϢȻҩˮ˫ȵƣǱҪϢ˫ȵĿٻָ
ǣ᳤˴Ӧһһһ˳ȥתۼ䣬ʣַһˡ
û̫ʱ䣬ַ羫һɨʱվһŮŮһСվſڣСڷһЩʳͲˮȻַͲˮĵġ
ַ˵ŮţƳˡ
ŮͲӦòᳬʮ꣬òҲرģǰ͹쳣ĳ죬Ҫǿ벻Ͳʮꡣ
ϻһֵȻŮһߣŮͲ󣬵ʵȴܾȻҲAĳ̶ȣͣʵǷǳټ
Ůֵ󷽣ַ糯ԼȻ˵û᳤˿ܷ죬Ϊвˮ͵ģʲôҪģҲԸ˵
ַ˿ЦЦ˵ôţֲϻģ̲ɡ
˿һ£ףԼĽα᳤ģһֱֵĺȻɣݲö룬˿ϽӦһΪַ絹һ̲裬СĸʽģҲóڲ輸ϡ
һУ˿վԱߡ
ַ糯Լߵɳָָ˵˵˵
ǣ᳤˿Ӧһַߵɳ
ַ̲Լһڣ±ʵ˲ģȴӵAʵƽȣ˽ܷǼˣµûмˡ
ַ˵˿Ц˵Ȼܷ˵᳤Ļ棬ʲô޷ڻ᳤ǰأһAߣֻҵܺ⣬ȻܴﵽAĳ̶ȣսȴC硣
ܷ壿ַʵ
˿ʼ򣬽͵ҵĸǽܷĺѣԴӸȥ֮Ҿסɽܷչˡ
ַͷ˵ԭˣô˵˵ղ˵ɣսCߣѵ˵Ǹߵߣ
˿ٴοЦҵʲôԼҲ֪һûԼʲôҪҵķӦҪǿһЩҶɣԼǲˡ
Ŷ飬ⲻ⣬ҼһܣַȤʵ
Ҫô飿˿Ծʵ֪ܻǿġ
ַ˵̫ţܼ򵥵ģֻҪǣ־Ϳˣҵ˳ֱ۽壬Ӷܽм顣
ţô鷳᳤ˡ˿ͷѰ۵Сֳַ˹ȥ
һ˵Ů˵ëձȽϴִƤҲȽϴֲڣԶʱ򻹿ǽȫˣƤİۣŮƤá
ֻﶼǻŮģŮУҲƤõŮͱǰλ˿Ƥ쳣İۡ
ַ˿СַŵģۺܻƤǳã͸ˮһ
ַۣערעİľ˳˽Ӵ˫֣ݵ˿ڣΪ˫ֵʣԾĴݣӿݣҲӾ׼
˿ʱһоһ˳ֱۣԼ壬ƯĴ۾ַ̳翴ȥȻˣǰˡ
˵ʵڻ˲赹ˮǲֵ˿ģΪ˿ĸףҲһߣǽܷصĺѣһս֮У˿ĸףΪ˾Ƚܷ˶Ӵ֮󣬽ܷҲͳеչ˿Ρ
Ҳˣ˿ڻƽȵĵλܳȻ˶ǰɴСԴˡ
һΣ˿˵ַ֮󣬶ַǳ棬Ҳȥܷ뷨ԸµҪͲˮܷҲ֪ôģȻҲͬ£ڵľ顣
˿Ŀַ磬Ϊַ˿۾Ҳ͸˼ɵĶַͿ
飬˿Ѿ˵ˣ˵ǰˣһ˴˻ƽȵˣܷض
˿֪ʱΪܷǵĻˣҺַļһ㻵ˣȻ˻ƽȺܶˣȴûɱˣҲ˿һ
ٺ˿ʹĿУַ֪һˣˣ˼Ϣ
ԭһҲҵˣȻҲһ֯˵ҲǣҪ˵Ļôôǿս
˿Դַ磬ﲻɵһǵ𣿿ͨôǿ𣿡
ŮɻĿַ磬ó
ʱַľѾŮڲ˿ڵһᾧҲó
⡭𣿡
ַͲǵĳ磬ӴߣҲߵƣˣ˿ȴǵһο
˿ڵ̬ߵ̬һͨߵ̬ɢ״̬ģ˿ȴǽᾧģħʦǺ˷ǳ񣬵ǺǺȫͬ
ַҲΪʲô˿Ϊʲôʹˣԭڲͬ
˵˵һɰԱʹãô˿ܾһʯΪʯ̫ӲҲ̫أ˿޷ʯͷȻҲ޷ʹˡ
֮ԻӦһ䣬֮зǳһַǳܺҲ֪Ǻ£ǻ¡
Ѿҵڣַ۾
ַ۾һպÿһ˫ɫƯ۾ַĶ棬˿Ҳڶַ翴
ַͻȻ۾˿һæعͷȥϣѾȾһƺɫ
ַЦЦ˵ôˣҺܺÿ𡣡
˿һƽ˵᳤Ȼǿõˡ
ǺǣԲԣ˧˧Լˡַ粻ЦЦ˵ҸղѾ鿴ϵˡ
˿ʵ᳤ʲô𣿡Ȼַʲô֣ǿ˿̬ȻԴȴǲ̫ģҲ֪ǲǷܣǲַܹҳʩչܵİأַ²⣬ӦûǲԼܹҳʩչܵİأԲ˵İɡ
ַЦЦ˵ϢһϢһϢҪĸϢ
˿üһ룬˵᳤˵ϢɣϢ
Ǻǣ㡣
ַ˵Ϣǣ㲻ʩչܵԭѾҵԭȻҵѽԭ򣬻һӶ޷ʹܡ


511 
˿һץסַ֣æʵ᳤Ըԭ𣿡
˿ʵ̫֪ˣڻƽߵ֯ߵˣһܣԼܣȴŲܣ˿˵жɥˣ˿̫֪ΪʲôԼͷˣ̫ӵͷܵˡ
ַͷ˿С֣ʾҪż˵ĺˣҼȻ˵ˣȻͻеϸġ
˶٣ַ˵һ˵ÿһߵڣһ壬壬ܵԴҲʩչܵؼĵط
ͨߵ嶼Ƿ·ˮһ״̬ԱʹãȻҲӵһ壬ڵȴڵȫһڵ߷·ˮڵȴһʯ
һ£ˮױӰ֧䣬һ鱿صʯױӰ֧䣿
Ϊ̣㱾ûı£͵ӵǿܣȴȫ޷ʹܵԭ򡣡
ԭѹҵܣԼŲˡ˿Ȼ˵
ַ˵ϵǳټһǵһߵϣӦһܵ죬ٻߵϳֵġ
˿̾һ˵ô˵̫ùˣ飬Żᱻϡ
ַҡҡͷ˵Ͳ˵ˣ죬ǴôǴȴǲ˵ģû׼⻹˵ĵط
ôǺˡ˿˵֮ǰ˿ɲͨˣԼײ˰ɣ
˿ǲ£Լôǵģֵܷ£Ϊܷ鷳
ַ粻ҡҡͷЦ˵κʵԵģкõһ棬ȻҲлһ棬ôлһ棬϶Ҳںõһ档
ڵҲˣлһ棬Ҳкõһ档
ˣղ˵ϢģһǺϢһǻϢϢѾ֪ˣ˵˵Ϣɡ
Ϣܣʹãһʹãǿޱȡ
˿ȵ˵ʹã᳤ղŲ˵ʹ𣿡
ַҡҡͷ˵ûϸҸղ˵ʹã˵ܣҪԼڵܣ;һĿ㹻ǿôȻҲͿԿڵ顮ʯˣڶ;Ƕڵ顮ʯи죬ʯɣʺʹõĳ̶ȡ
̫лл᳤ˣҲʹˡ˿ϲĽеɳϵӣǰɽʱҲĿ⡣
ַһ˵˵̫ˣҿû˵һܹʹܵģΪߵĿǶڵᾧи죬һ׵飬Һпܣջǻʧܣ㲻ʹܣһΣԡ
˿ȴ˵᳤ӵܣжΣգҶһԣ᳤԰𣿡
ַüͷǵͷ˵ȻԼԸðգôûֹ㡣
ţɣ̫ˣҪú룬Ӧôҳˣ˸õķ֪ͨ㡣
лл᳤˿ϲĽе
ַ˵ôϾҲһԱ㻹ûʯϷأȥİɣһʽᣬҲпԷĵİˣϾҿɲ㴴һǿߣȴ˱ˡ
ʯŶʯɣܷ˵֪мĳԱǱʯϷԵģôҾȥˡ˿ͷӦ
Ҹ㷽ͷĵݰɡַ֮˿ʹõķͷĵݡ
˿ܴһ飬ͻϼסˣȻߵʯǰַ˵ķ¶ģԵĳһ䵽˿ϣԼ
ַЦ˵ˣһԱˣҲԷˣҿ϶ܹʹܵġ
лл᳤˿Ц˵
ַЦŵͷ˿йڻƽȵ飬˿Ͼڻƽȴ˺ܾãȻڻƽûְ񣬵Ϊݵıڻƽȵ飬֪ĺܶ࣬Ҳϸַʣʶˡ
˿ѯʣַڻƽȵϢ֪ĸ꾡ҲаտƺûƽȣҲɵڲ߻θһ˳ɻƽȡ
һģһСʱֱܷţ˲Ž졣
ܷؽ˿˷ܵĽеܷ壬᳤ҿҵˣѾ֪ΪʲôҲʹˡ
ܷصɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲǺʵŶΪʲô
ʵϣ˿ΪʲôʹܣܷҲķǳģΪ˿̫ˣһıǿȴ޷ʹ
ܷȻҲ˿壬飬ǸͿеκ⣬ܷĵȴǣһ˿ڵƵķǣ˿ȴƲܣǿͺпܻ˺˿壬˺
ܷһֱԴ˺ģһϢˡ
˷ܲѵ˿ʱʧȥ˱򶨣ߴߴİַ˵Ļָһ顣
ܻܷشһȫû뵽ܻġ
ܵ򲩴ܷȻΪһSߣǶ˽⣬Ҳֶ̣ޣҲ˿壬ҳеë
ǲԸ⣬ûǸܷûܷҲţӦüӵġ
û뵽᳤Ȼӵ
ܷҲ޴жַ˵Ǽ٣ǽܷţ᳤ǲԵ޹˵ģ᳤Ȼ˵ôǿ϶ˡ
뵽ܷæַ˵᳤ô˿о𣿡
ַ˵ܷأ˵̫ˣ˿Ŀǰ״ãûʮʱۻǲܴﵽֱĳ̶ȵģ˵ʮڣܰȫȻ¼ȻѾϣȻԹۣ˿ܵ飬һᴦƵġ
ַڼ˿ʱͷΪ˿ܵṹܵٶҲ쳣˵쳣Ŀ죬˿ûڵܣҲڲϵԶҲΪʲô˿Ͳȴǿԭ
ַжϣ˿ϵȻ٣ҪﵽͻƵĳ̶ȣҲҪʮʱ䣬ʮ㹻ǿܻ䡣
ɹͻS磬ʧܣͻ
Ϊ˿ȫƲڵܣʮԼɱļʸߴٷ֮ʮŵţǱľ档
ȻһȴǲܷˣΪַΪı䡣


512 ץ
ַĽܷͣһ˵л᳤˿飬ֻܰл᳤ˡ
ַͷ˵İɣڣ˿µġ
ܷصлһ˵᳤ĳԱѾĲˣǲھͿʼǩԼˣ
ַ˵ҲãΪ˱ҹζ࣬ʵˣҲ˷ģɣкʵĵطʯԺʯᱻһǵĹŻõչ¼ĳԱҲᡣ
Ҳ֪ʯԼŦ֯˵ǳҪһʯŦΪƻڵҲ᲻ܿƵбʱǩԼˣҪ֮£ʯǵԲκ⡣
ܷһû뵽ʯȻҪ˵᳤İɣһʯȫĵطģԲƻʯĻᡣ
ܷؿҲʯǩԼɲԼΪʯĻ𣬶ˣȻúõıʯ
ܷʵַ֪Դ˵һѻԼʯȷĹؼŦƻʯɱǣϵԼʧЧӶơ
Ȼܣַǲ˵ģƽǩԼķɲʲô顣
Ȼģ֪ʯƻԽ䣬ǱҲǲȥʯģΪʯΥԼ⵽Ĺ£ᵱ
ʯϷǷֲ˵ҪַȻģǱʯַ绹к֣Ա֤ʯһʧ
ַͷ˵ʯķõص㣬֮ٿǣ֮ȰЩ˶ǩԼɡ
ǣ᳤Ұʯͷȥˡܷ˵
ַͷӦ
ַӦܷһ֣̾ǿ׳һƳȻʯͷᵽƳϡ
ܷظһʹʯ뿪ˣ˿򱻽ܷ
ַеĺ˿ղŵĻ⣬˿ȴ֪ǰںԼַ磬ȴѾһãʹþעʯǱߵǩԼ
ַ羫İۿ£ܷشʯֱȥһ䣬䷿ƽףӦһңƷ˳ȥֻ¹һʯ
ȵϣܷطһԱ뷿䣬ȻһԱ飬ͽǽĿġ
ܷؽǽĿģΪǼᣬĵһǶʯ¶ģһΪܵԼƣܷĵǼᡣ
֯˶оǳİ˵ԽˣĻ᳤˶ʱȻ
ڳҲǴˣȻܷصĲ岻ǽ޵Ϣ֮ԲµϢȻҲ֪ƽȿǱǿշˣЩƽȵĳԱҲᡣ
ڲҲܼ򵥣վŵǼλS־ףܾĺʲôˡ
ȻһܾᣬҲ͵վĶϣΪˣǲʲô³ģԻ˲⵽ǼSߵĻɱ
ȻﲢԸᣬǿ֮£ֻѡ롣
Ǻܼ򵥵ĵٻܻţܾĺȴ
һٸˣҪͬʱʯԡ
ɲǼ䣬ʯʮ⣬Щ⳯Ⱥȥû˵ڡ
ǲÿ˶к⸽ла˸ˣûбյ
ûбյˣһǾ벻Ȼ顣
˸ˣΪᣬֲΪܾɱԾͼӦ룬ڷĵʱȴװģȴûķģʯҲûжǲӦûжͷԼĺ⡣
ʯĺ̫ˣûб䣬˵һۼһ£˸ûбյˣ̾ͳĿĽ㣬˶ĳǿ˹
ܷɭȻȵǺôĵӣҵĻɶԷ𣿡
ϢŭҸղˣһθĻᡣһܷطŭˣһ̰
¼ҲǴˣһԷ˵׹Ҳ˵ˣʧˣһθĹµĻᡣ
SߺȼߣʵرԱ˶࣬ȴκһSߵĶ֡
ܷһɭȻ˵ǳҷŹһΣһΣһҲˡ
л죬л졣˵лһæٴζʯԡ
һΣ˭Ҳ٣ԵǷԵʱ򣬰˵ʯϷ˳źǵ壬ҲɣǴӴ֮󣬾ͱضܵԼƣһΥԼͻ˺
ܷصͷŴ˵ܺã˶ѾԼԼǵһΪΥԼˣĻɱԣ֯ΪʱһҪбľ򣬵ΥԼһ̣ñ˶֣Ǳڵ䣬ͻǻɱ
ңǾԲұ֯һٶˣæͬ˵
ˣڻһԣҪ⣬ֻͨˣǲʽԱܷ˵ţŷ˻֡
ΧվŵʮA߻ĵͷȻһһģһٶ˽ѯʣѯʵܼ򵥣ʲôԼƽȵĿġ
ܼ򵥣ȴܹ׵İѲļһץ
ǩԼ£ǾԲ˵ѵģһ˵ѣͻἤ䣬ȻҲ֪˵ˡ
ѯʿʼˣղһʼʮ⣬ȵȷʮû⣬ͱɶʮ⣬ʮ˿ֱʶʮ˵⣬ȷû쳣󣬾ͱʮˣʮˣٴһʣµˣҲͶʵˡ
ûл̫ʱ䣬һٶˣȫͨ˿顣
һһٶȻûԱϵĳԱҲС
Լǩܷضһ´˷Ȼһڷȴ֯һ˽뷿䡣
µĳ򣬾ղһ㣬ǶԼȻԼȷԱıΪ˵һεۻѾһٶˣԵڶѯʵʱ͸ӼˣֱһˣһһĽѯʣͿʳʵ
ڶֵѯʣûһôˣȻмڻش֮ڲӦ΢ѪһѪ˳صһֱ
ܷɫһ䣬ǲ鲻֪һһ쵼ĻƽȻŲټ


513 ƽ
Сʱæµ»صˣǩԼͨѯʵļ⣬ֻܷصɫɾͲôÿˡ
ΪһεļУܷŷ֣ǻƽصļ治٣ڳϰ
ʵϣЩҲһʼȫǵжģв˶ڼƽȺ󣬲űԷ򣬴ӶԷϢ鱨
ϸʵҲģκѱԼĳԱա
ƽȻ㲻ˣĸ߲㣬ɾ
ٶߵĳԱֻռݼһֻ֣ԱµļϷǸԼ鱨塣
뿴ɣԻƽȵʵռݵҪλ鱨ţôܻ᲻˽飿
ܷذЩȫץȵַĴ
ַҲûдɱǣȫѺȻһһʣȻϴεĽѵַѾ֪ЩһΪ˱ܿǻɱģԷֹɱҲͳһǳҪ顣
ȵЩ鴦ϣƽȵĸ߲Ҳ͵ȫ뵽ַӪУƽѾַΧ
Ȼֻܶȴ˵ģշƽ£ֻȥ˵ڣһ֪ƽôʵıһ֯շˣԻ֯ĹעƵ˼⣬Ƕ˵ɲʲô顣
շƽȵļСʱַƻĻ·޺ã»صĵǻָӦŵĻָͨѶҲŻָ
ͨѶָĵһʱ䣬ܷؾȸܲϵͨһε¼Ȼ¼͹̣Ѿܷģ˵ǿ֣һѪս֮ڰѵ˻ˣΪ˵ʵ̫ǿڴУɵ豸𻵣ڲ޺á
Žܷطµ绰һԵ˹˵᳤Ҷߵ˽⣬֯²˵飬رǵϵǰڻƽȵڲ̽ʱǵĲ¼ҲʢҲ²⣬߶뻹ǻ˽ʵص顣
ַҡҡ֣˵ûϵģֻҪʱס߾Ϳˣȵ߷ʵʱһжѾ䶨ҲͲٺˡ
ǻ᳤˹üͷһ£ǻ˳ӵĴӦһʵϣ˹ûа¿ôֹֻۣ˴ʱ˿̣ҲɲˣҲֻϣ᳤˵ܹ߷쳣֮ǰͰ߽
ܷһ£ʵ᳤ҲҪǵǺģһǿ磬ҺǿͨǵӶ˿ӾǵĻɡ
Ҫ֪»ܲͼ͸ֵЩͷ󲿷ֶǺӵģһߵֵǵĵôҲ͵ڱ¶ߵˡ
֮ǰ߾ǻƽȵıɽҲ޹ؽҪȴһˣһ֣֪﷢ȷе飬ôƽȵ鷳Ҳͻǰ
ƽֻǸ߲ᣬǵµʵûнҪһʱ䣬жԵײԱ࣬ʱҪߵϮɲʲô顣
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ܷ˵ܲĹʦ¾ļרңҲˡ
˹Ҳų޵ֱֹ޷ŵǿ֮ǰΪߵļרҲģڿߵļרңܲļרһȣ޷Ტۡ
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˹ҲЦǻ᳤᳤ı£ҲһӦõ鰡
ַЦҡҡ˵ûܲӰֱǰβͶ̵ȥˣԻǲҪ̫ĺá
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»صĵԻʵҲַ֮ǰȥ̨ܱĳԡ
ݽܷ˵̨ԣ֯͹ģ˵ͺŵĳԣ׹ĿвƷǽֹ͵ģܹ֯Ūֳԣɼǵ׹൱ġ


514 Ϸ
Ƭ̺һ˾͵˳Եڵء
ڷóԵķ⣬ڶʿİأЩʿܷش˹æ
ܷʿÿλãȻڴʹԿ״򿪴ţصĺϽţŻ򿪡
ַȴȺֻԼͽܷ˽뷿С
˷ַԣȻԼֻͳӣֻϵĳ뵽ڳ򿪡
򲢲ĺܿ죬Ҳ򿪵ĺܿ죬ܿģϣͶһı־һֻڷͼ
ϵͼȻһһֻ޴ͼ˳Ļϵ衣
ֻ赽Ļ룬˵ỤϷ
Ϸַ簵һЦû뵽ôһ֣ҲĶȤζˡ
ַһϵ˵Ϸʶ𣿡
Ϸַ翴ȥʱ¶һſŵı飬еԭˣϷˡ
ַ˵Щ˵ģϷΪЩʲô
ϷʱȻ̧Դ˵Ϸı¿ɴأֻҪ˷Ը飬ҶɣȻֻڻϡ
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Ϸͷ˵˵˼ˣôھȥˡ
ԡַͷ˵
Ϸȴٴ˵ôҪ˵ȨǷȨҹǰ磬Ӷǰȫڲõ֪£硣
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Ӱ̫ˣڵᣬ˵Ӱ쵽棬ϷִڵܳĳڣͱȨƣܶ飬ϷûȨдõģֻڻȡַȨ֮󣬲չж
ȻһǵʵķӣȴҲܹЧıİȫ
˵ˣôҿʼԵǰ翪ʼӹŻˣʱҪӡ
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ϷӦһһת굽ĻﲻӰˡ
ܷȫþˣԳöˣӵ˸ܵĵԳǵһο
᳤ǳ𣿡ܷؾȵʵ
ַȴҡҡͷ˵ǣֻһܳ򣬵ȻһܳЩͬΪɳԸĹܣӶɵܳԱһ̶ܳܳȣҪӸ
ԭˡܷصͷ̲סʵ᳤иʣ֪ܲʣ
ַ絹Ҳûж룬˵ʰɣԵĻҾ͸𰸡
ܷ˵ģ֮֯Ըһ̨ԣǷгԼƻĸʵ飬˵ԼƻҲչһʱˣйʲôĳԣȴ˽Ĳʹֻ֯ԱΪɣûиҴ𰸡
᳤ԸҴҲҵһκİɡ
ֵַʵ㲻֪ʲôǳԼƻ𣿳ԼƻҲʵ𣿡
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ʵ̾ÿʮͻʵһΣÿʵҪʮˣʱʵƵҲߣ߷ʱʵҹһʵ飬Ϊ˺üˡ
Ϊʵ飬Ǿץ˶ˣɱ˶ˣԼˡ
ܷس˵Ϊʵ飬ɱ̫ˣǿĿǰߵĳԼƻƺңңڣҲܺ棬ʲôǳԼƻֵΪô𣿡
ַЦһҰĲ֯˵ΪԼĿɱˣ㲻ʲô㳬ԼƻֵôˣΪǾͻΪɱˣУͲֵǮ
ַҡҡͷ˵ˣ˵ЩҺܸƵģʵҲǺò˶٣ǻ˵˵Լƻɡ
ܷصɫһ𣬸רע
νĳԼƻֻܷ֪һַǳĻ˵һóɹͷǳԶԻдģֻϳԼƻʲôȴ˽⡣
ܷضνĳԼƻǳ棬һǿԴӻ᳤ĿУ֪ϸˡ
ַ˵ܷأ˵ԴǵԴ
ܷسɵ˵ӦԴɣϾԴ˵ԡ
ַЦЦ˵˵˵ǶԵģҲ˵ĴģԺԾ˭һԵ⣬ҿԺԸȱ㣬嵽˭ӦҲǷֽ׶һԵļﵽ̶ܸ߳ȵʱ򣬵Եǻ۳̶ȣ϶ǳԣĿǰ˵ԵļԳԡ
ֳǻۣҪ˵Ҳϲϵԡ
ȻԵļչḷ́ܶĿǰ˵ҪԵ̶̳ȳԣõӵж˼ȴһܵ飬Ǽۻϵһֲ࣬Ƕʱܹɵġ
ǣһ۵Ļϣȴһ룬ǰԵ˼͵Եһ뿴ɣһ̨˼ӵԼ˼ĵԣ̨Եжǿ󣡡
˵һĵԣôͻΪ̨Եͳε򣬶ĵԣôⶼԽǿ󣬽ױȡ
ڽеĳԼƻһϣġ
ĿǰԼƻĸԭǣ˵ĴԺͳϵһ˵Ĵֱ֧䳬УӶӵһųԣǳԼƻ
ܷһ֪ʲôǳԼƻ
ܷͲסʵ᳤ƻĿԳɹ˵ĴĿ֧ԣĿԲνĳԣ
ַͷ˵ȻǿԵġ


515 
ַͷ˵ȻǿԵģΪѾɹ˳ԣѾУΪˡ
᳤˵ĶģܷسԾʵ֮ǰַҲ˵Ѿ˳ԣǽܷصʱǺţڣַ˵£ҿַ˵ͷͷǵģһڳϿ˷ͬһϷԽܷţо˳ˡ
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ȻҲܵģкܶƳԵķӣ򵥵ķ͵Ķϻкܶ磬ǳ޷Ӵģ޷ǣȻҲ޷Ӱ쵽ˡ
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˵ףַȻʵǿ󣬵ϾֻһˣĿǰ֪߽һУӵǧߣS֮࣬иһ֧ǿģųսӵĶ顣
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Ȼ˵ַ䶨ˣַʵкܴĻᣬԻʤġ
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УַԽԽѾʼоܹʵľˡ
һֺرĵҩԭ޵Ľ𵤣Ѳͬ޵Ľ𵤼һƣͿƳ
޽𵤵Ĳֳͬ˲ͬľͨᱻΪƷƷƷ
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ƷƷҲˣΪƷƷʹ˸߼޽ƶѣԵҩЧҲ͸á
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ΪĹЧȴֱӷҩߵΪ
ЧΣַȴ֪ˣΪûмûгԹȻҲͲ֪Чˡ
Ȼǻ޵Ľ𵤽ƵģôãҩЧȻҲǼõġ
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Ҳ˵ƾĲϣҲ
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֮ǰĳ׵ʹù½ϣӵϵĵƶѡ
Ȼ׵ͰĲƣôûʹĲϽƵġ
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516 ƾ
ַĿ꣬ƾ
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֣һҪҪܹﵽAĳ̶Ⱦ㹻ˣAʵټ㹻ַṩĸװϺʵħޣǵʵ㹻S߿⣬ַУҲһǿĵơ
ȻҪɾƣ治ʲô׵顣
Ϊϣ޵Ľ𵤣ѾˣҲޣ͸Ҫ˵ǽˡ
˵ˣܹҵӵн𵤵ޣַܹԸĴ𣿱˵ȥɱǻȡˣַܲǵ»Ҳһδ֪
ԲϵȱҲͳƾͷ⡣
£ǺѽģҺַޱˣܹɵ½ַҲͰѲϵ˹½ϡ
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ַҪ飬ڶĲУҳԼҪĲϡ
޵Ľ𵤣ַҪҵĵһƷҲǽ𵤵Ʒ
ôڹ½ʲôأ˵ʲôϣԺͽӵͬأ
ľۺ壬ҲľڣԲܵĶޣǶ𵤶һַǳĴڣ֮Իᱻɱ̶ܴϣҲΪʿҪȡڵĽ𵤡
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ϰ壬жɣԷѾϵͳɱΣǻΪѾɹֻǵһһҵļ֮£Ƕֻ֣ǽĻϣκʵϵĲٿء
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УһɣԷҲѾϵͳˣֻǵĳԺǵĳԻһĲ࣬رʵڣҵľԽԽǿƵĳҲԽǿҲǶԷȲǵԭ򡣡
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ϰ壬˵İһַ˵ʱ˷Ҫһ̨ĳˣֻĳԣľƷͲǻǮܹ򵽵ģַһֱҲ޷ΪŪĳԡ
ʹõĳԣֻɢĵװɵģȻѾǳǿ󣬵ǺĳһȣֱȽϴˡ
ַЦǺǣҪԣҪŬŪ߸ϢˣĻϰҪ޷ɹҲ޷ʹóˡ
ţһȥˣһѶԷԭԭĽϰϡĵ˵
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õϰ壬֪ôˣϰ壬ϵͳװֻϣ
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ˣҪһЩʱ䡣
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һָԽΪԭϵĵҩҲƵĿܡ
ţٶ࣬ҲʵжЧȥսʵɡ
뵽ַٲԥһ֣һӰǱſڸ𾯽䣬Լȴս磬ս֮С
Сַջս磬˷ܵĹЦ
ôʵͳԣټϽĺַսɹƳ˵һž
ħ˴ʹãڸħ֮ȣҵѵķͿкħƳ
ֻ֮ǰʵУһֱ޷ҵַҲǾεʵ飬ټһŻڽҳɹķġ


517 Ч
սַҵȷƾķھʣʵ磬֤һĿɿˡ
޵Ľ𵤣ַʵȴԷ֣ħ޵ħҲ߱ЧԴ޵Ľ𵤣ƾ
ַҪĲһһ˳ǰеĲϽмӹӹһڣҲַСʱʱ䣬ѾӹϣԿʼƾˡ
ַ翪ʼƾսƾķѼӹõĲϣһȺͱһһͶš
ʱȥһСʱСʱСʱתۼ䣬СʱȥˣΪһʵƾַСĽҲͻ˸ʱ䡣
ڣַһϲõĽһε
СʱĲ׼СʱĵҩƣڱַɹƳʮ߿ž
ʮ߿žַʹεȵһħ޵ħƶɣϾǵһƾַҲʹ̫õĲϣЧϣӦҲ̫õġ
ȻַҲûָжõЧֻҪЧûиã㹻ˡ
ˣˣھҪһԣЩҩЧˡ
֮ǰĻҪԳԵҩЧһ鷳飬ھͲһˣƽеˣַҪ˳ҩû⡣
ַҩϷźã˷ҵܷأӺŮӹַҪҩ
ܷشӦһܿͰַҪŮ
ʮŮͶ󣬶ڶʮңҶȻǵܲǿԳԵҩЧȴʲˡ
ַ絭ͷ˵ܷӦѾ˵ˣҪܼ򵥣ԳһµҩҩڶʱǵܣΪҩǵһαԻһΣԣȻպͼǲģ޳֮󣬵ҩЧҲʵҲʵĻᡣ
²ԸǿˣڸһѡĻᣬ˭ҪǲԸԳԣڿ˳
ʮŮ˭ϼܽ˹ǲ֪ʲô飬ֻ֪Ļ᳤飬ַĽ֪ͣԭǽҩˡ
ҩȻкôҲΣգ᲻֮󣬾𣿻ǻʲôĲõĺ
ʮŮԥֻԥֻά˺̵ܶʱ䣬һȴӦļˣҲͷ׷״Ӧ
ʵҲףԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ڴʱ˿̣һҪԸģĻʹӹһΣԺҲᱻϼַ紩СЬˡ
ַͷ˵Ǻã¿ҩһȡһţھͳȥɡ
ַһ˦֣еĵҩһһ׼ȷ䵽ʮŮУһһŵҩպʮŵҩ
䵽ҩʮŮһһ˵ҩ
ҩµ˲䣬ʮ˶¶˾ȵı飬ΪַǵҩȻڼҩЧ֮ǰûȻҩͬһ㡣
ҩˣǵأ
ҵҲǺҩ
ʲôоôоȺġ
ϾˣȻҩ˷ҲͰѼɸˡ
ַ˵ྲרڵҩ
ַһ˵ǰʮŮ̾Ͱ˭Ҳٶ˵һ䡣
ַľǰʮ˵ϣ۾Ĺ۲ʮڵı仯
ǵ̻֮ΪҺ볦θȻ󱻳θգΪһǵ塣
ǳرǹ̶ĳһǻǿԶǿһ֡
ţͬˮʹһ㣬ӦҲһתԣԶһ
Բǲɸı䣬ַľ鿴ֻҪȥôһҲԵõǿ
򵥵˵ַվôַǿѡǿħǿġ
һˣûԳ˾ֻܱ֮ܵվҩһҩЧ
ڣַǰҩʮŮûҩֻܱվҩˡ
ֱҩսͱȽϻˣʮӺܲЧһСʱʱ䣬ʮŮȺҩϡ
ȻַԤϵһ㣬Ϊʹͼһħ޵ħɵľԵҩЧرǿ˵ƷᲢˣƷٷ֮һЧﲻء
Ҳ֮е飬ϾƷǻ޵Ľƶɵģӵн𵤵ޣɹ½ħޣ²ʥޣҲľһĴڣȻЩͼħ޵ħܹȵġ
ЧرǿǻǲЧˡ
ַΪҩЧǿüͷʮҩŮȴЧˡ
Ϊһŵҩ֮ǵֱ֮һһССĵҩԵֵһĿˡ
һֲ˼ĵҩֵܹҩǵͻܹں̵ܶʱڣߵľ硣
ʮŮ϶ּɫַֻڳ˭Ҳұֳ
ַҡҡͷȻʧЦ
˵ʵַţǼˡ
ַͷ־Чַ־˵ȷǲֵһᣬַһٿţҲЧޡ
ǶǰЩͼ˵ЩɾһּƷˣҪֻ̫࣬ҪÿܹĵҩͿڼ̵ʱڣһʵֻҪҩϣڶʱڣܸ֡
ַԾʧΪԼʵ̫ǿЩͼľûЧǻǶȥ룬Щڵͼߣȴ֮ǿϴóġ
ЧǵĲźܴĹϵַ粻ûа취ƳõľֻҪʹøߵȼľضͿƳǿЧľ
ǣħ˵ļ۸ҲǷǳģһħ˸ƷʵĲͬۼ嵽ʮ֮䣬඼ʮһš
ôһһħˣ൱ʮǮһžҪһħǳɱʮ⻹ĲϺֹء
һžĳɱ൱˵ġ
⻹ͼľ߼ħˣ۸ҲǸӾˣ٣ǧңϷ̫ˣ治һˣܹܵ˵ġ
ȻܹΪɱ̫ˣرƸ߼ľַĲҲ֧Ųסĵġ
ҪþܹЧãֻ;һƾƷʹЧǿڶ취Ū۶ħˣҲֻгɱȥˣпܻôģӦá
ĴӦãַܹʵҲַһȺ¡


518 Ϸħ
ַڰ˵ǼȥϢɣǵʱ䣬ҪȥĵطˣҪ۲ڵ仯
ǻ᳤ʮ˴Ӧһ뿪䡣
ƳɹˣĿǰľյĳɹΪȱûб
ڸղŷþĹУַ緢֣һֵҩûбǵյǵǱ
ʵϣЩûбյĵҩɲʲôöùŴʦĻ˵Щǵˡ
ҩֶҩﶼǴжԵģֻЩų⣬Ӱ΢Щȴڳһҩķۻһĳ̶ȣؾͻᱬӶ޴˺
ַ֮ǰƵ׵ҲеģΪǵ˵ĵҩƵĺתʧӶ˺
ȻҪһԭҲΪ˵ĵҩôģһκȻͲٳԣ㹻ʱ䣬ȻĽȥ
ǾͲһˣΪĹЧǸΪ˴ﵽĿģҪõģĵôңڷ֮£ۻĵ»ǳһǻ˵ġ
ҲǾһûн⡣
ôƷľҲôأ
ַ֮ǰЩҩ鼮
ԭˣʵϣеĵҩеģֻ֣֮ҵĶҲַܵӰģһЩʦƵҩʱ򣬾ͿԿƵĶѣõ࣬Ҳõ١
һʦǿ׵ɱ˲۵ģȫڵҩмصĳɷ֣Ӷɱ˵Ŀġ
ȻܹƷģҲǳ֣Ҳһױҩı£ҪƭǿҲ׵顣
ڹŴеľȴ֮ٵģʦʱ򣬶ǻȥ
ȻַֻǾܵļٵ޷ȫȥ
Իеڶ׷
ڶָǷƵĽⶾƵĽⶾҲŵ֣֮ӦͬȼľҪʹòͬȼĽⶾ
Ϊ˽ȥڵĵȻҪʹýⶾʹõġ
ַͻȻһ뷨ȻⶾЧô½ĽⶾҩˮǲҲܹͬȥЧأ
ţ뷨һԡ
ŴʦڵҲַֻһǿƵٵĲǷƵĽⶾ
ַַ˵кܴѶȣһƵĲܹƵĲһĴʦַֻǳѧ߶ѣҪƵĲкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ƵĽⶾƵĽⶾѩǵܹȥڻ۵ĵѩǵĲ쳣󣬵ڿ;ˣҪѩǵҲǧѵ顣
ַҲһƣǿĹ½½зԴѩǵЧ
ȻַƵľϾƷһҩЧƷɾҪˣԾڵĵƷľĵҲǲͬնҲ̫ĵĲ
ǻ˵ˣͬģȻûƷĺãҲûƷôǿǷþˣҲûйŴЩֵı죬ڲͬ£յĽһġ
ҪþܹĵĴģʹãҪ⡣
ðɣ⣬ҪʱȷһţĿǰҪ飬Ȱѻƽȵܲﴦϡ
ַٴҵܷأʵˣǵĻƽ𣿡
ƽ֮ǰߵҪƽԴ֮һԻƽȵĴ󲿷ֻƽѾߵϣҲ֪Ŀǰûлƽ֡
ܷصҲû˵һЩ߻϶ÿȡһεģ´ȡ߻ƽµʱ䣬ǻлƽ𣬲ƽҲȫ᳤Ҫƽôھ˵ƽ
ַ˵ţ˰ѻƽ͹ɣˣôЩڻеĶٻƽ𡣡
ܷ룬˵һЩ棬Ųٹӡ
ٹҲ٣ȰЩƽ˹ҪʹЩƽΪʩ
ǡܷشӦһֻȴҲǳɻʹûƽã᳤˵£ڶ档
Ȼɻ󣬵ǽܷڰϣȴûκεûлȥ̫ʱ䣬ٶ๫Ľͱ˹
ܷ˵᳤Ǵ洢ĻƽˣµĻƽһᾡ͹ġ
ַͷ˵ˣҲȥϢɡ
ȵԱ뿪ַŰѻƽȫյռ
Ȼַ翪ʼƻƽ
ƽ֮ǰΪṩƽ𣬶֮ΪַṩƽԻƽȵİȫҲԵΪҪ
ַ޽ϵĵڶħһǸõıصİȫڶҲΪ˸õջصУַɲԼཨȴΪ˼¡
ַѾ޽ħħǳټϻƽ㣬ַʵֽħʿĳ̶ȣħǳۺħĽҲԵ÷ǳˡ
ȻҲַħȽͨйϵҪ޽ֳǿħûмʮλħʦæµϼ£ǲ޽ɹġ
һʱ䣬ַħҪĻƽȫϣھͲװħˡ
ħλãַѡ˷óԵǼ䷿䣬䷿ǿֻҪԼӲãͿԳΪһܲħ
ʵϣħҲֻһͳƣΪħʵӺʣΪ֮⣬ħԱ޽ɳǱݣҵȵȣֻΪ࣬Աħ
ַ޽ħӦñħݣΪǲֲģֻһ㣬һ䣬ȻΪ˱ڳƺַ绹ǽħ
ΪħĲ󣬽ֻһѣַֻǻСʱʱ䣬ͰħĻýϡ
Ӱһħɣ鼤ɹ
飬ΪΪϷһš
ˣҽϷһšһĮڷȻ
ϷһţϷ˫Žͬƿغء
ĻϺͷͬʱϷһźϷ
ַһЦǾ󲻵ϷǷֲģЩνĲȹ㣬˵
ҪħЧ𵽼ܵĿģַ绹Ϊװ϶ĿС
ַмƽϣһСɵħߣһӵĶڹ½ǳ֮Ϊħۣܹ𵽼á
Ȼħ۵ЧɱȼǿҲܻرû˶ħĵϣħ۵ᷢӵ쾡¡


519 ߵľ
Ƴɵħۣȫַ簲װ˻ܣҲͶЩħ۵ļ֮¡
Ϊħ۲ǼóֶκǼ鲻ħ۵ĴڵģҲħ۱ȼӿ׵һԭ
Ҫ֪ȻԽԽȽֶҲԽԽһ÷ԽԽСˣԷֲ㿪
ħ۾Ͳһˣֲִħ۵ĴڣعҲҲħ۵λãħ۵ļӣһʧЧ
ЩħۣͿԱ֤زᱻϢǱ͸
ˣΧħѾװϣڿʼװڲħˡ
һǧöħѾȫװΧַҪħۣڲİװ
ַħۣһǧöħɣȻ͵͵İһǧöħۣڻصĸҪ䡣
Щħ۵ļӣͷĸϷǷֲϷһźܳϷļ֮£ϷǷֲκ˵һһӲַĶĿ
ֻлǲһ̫ǿ󣬾㷢˵˵ӰҲûԸǡ
˵ǾԲȱģͻǹǸ־ѻǹﶼӦоУǵҲвٵĴ
ַóһ׹ͼͼֽûϹSˣҲǴ粽С
ͼַֽѾܷȥвãҪͼֽϵĲãٶȿ죬ҲҪһµʱˡ
˻Ĳãַ绹Χħֲһħħİȫ
ħ󻹾߱ԱһԱַУҲΣգҲĶԵֶΣҪսʤĵˣͻԾħ󣬺͵ͬھ
ʯҲõħĸӶ𵽱ʯĿġ
ϷǷֲĲҲֻЩˣǵԱҲ㹻ûصİȫˡ
ȻΪ˸ûصľ԰ȫַ绹ڸûزһʱյ꣬һַʱضʹôŲرأһ޷ӦΣַʱԻ֧Ԯ
ַѾһʧ׼߶ԱϷǷֲչַҲˡ
ϷǷֲԭԱ˽ӵַϢʱҲ˹
ַ֮ǰЩԥҪҪѿǽйģϾΪϷǷֲĲʵȴֲSߣʵԲûƽȵŷ
ʵ˵ǾҲӦüϷǷְֲ񣬿ҪȥְҲһʲô飬ǻ˸оĵġ
ʵְĻôЩʵ͵ˣԺôΪ֯£ǲǲ¶ĹֻͣҪߵʵǿͿﵽͷȥ
һһ뷨»ĺҲ
ַȥǰѿǽ˹ַǴÿϷǷֲĲ쵼ϷǷֲ
Ϣʱ򣬴һһϲֻȻһ
æ˵᳤ɲаҵʵһѾޣҵֲĲϷǷֲȴˡ
֪ƽȵʵ̫ǿеĸҲ̫ˣεºܹƽȣȻڻƽǱղˣҲԼǰ
ǼλS߾Ȳȥ˵ˣɾ㲻ȥǼλSߣƽеAҲʤбȿǿ˾̫ˣɲΪǻԼĹ
˵ˣԼ˷ֲĲǼλSֵλãЩʲôλãⲻǸԼҲ
뵽ЩͺǵĲ뵱ˡ
ַ΢΢һЦ˵֪йǣĺˣҼȻ㵱Ȼӵе
ַ˵һҪ˵ûҰģȻǲܵ飬ҰģҲ뵱ӵиȨֻ֪֪֮ԼûǸʤְžܾģǣַа취˳ȨﻹǺ뵱ϷǷֲĲġ
ԥʵǻ᳤ҵ˲ôܷӦô죿ǵֲ÷ֲսڷֱҪְȨϣ¾Ͳùˡ
ַһЦ͵⻹򵥣ΪһSߣԭͲùĹЩµģЩ¾ӦýŶԵģӦҪһӶߵľ硣
ȻǵʵҲӦûøߵĵλʹǻᱻΪֲϣȨָӺ͸Ԥϵ飬ҲĹָֻţֵֻʱ򣬳Ҳ񱣻صİȫġ
󶨣̼˵һȫƾ᳤
ַͷ˵Ŀǰֻ֪ҲȲҪȺͳǹͨˣ֪ͨ㡣
ǻ᳤
ַһ֣һֻƿӳſﶪȥ˵оһƿʮţǸʵõģ˾ܣܶԣҪÿһܷһš
ðɣҲֻÿҲһСˡ
ȴϲӹƿӺмл᳤
ַЦȥϢɣʱһаŵġ
ǻ᳤Ҿˡ
ȵ뿪ַ֪ܷͨصS߹ᡣ
Ƭ̺˹ַкã˵ܷأ˹࣬ɣΪļյֻS𣿡
Եһ㶣ǻΪַǹʲôҪû뵽ȴ⡣
˵ʵ⣬ǽS֮󣬶пǹֻҲҲ𰸡
Ȼʵÿﶼд𰸵ģΪԼԳSҲ˷ǲøߵľ磬Ҳ˵ǲΪԼߵľ硣
ڳ˭ɵϣַʣ϶ʲôģҲ˵ֻнܷػӦȡϢSӦþߵľˣΪû˳S磬ֻͬΪSߣΪܵĲͬսĲͬսҲͬ
S磬ҪٴǳѣҲʧȥ
ַͷ˵֪Sеձ۵㣬Ҫǣ۵ȴвʵĵطΪڣS֮ϻиߵľ磬˴ﵽǸ硣
ʲôиߵľ磿ܷشһҲͬԾı顣
ַͷ˵ȷиߵľ磬˵Ҿڳһ磬һɹҾͻýӶߵΣøǿ
ԭˣѹ᳤ֻǿ󡣡ܷ̻Ȼ


520 ֮λ
ܷظпԭиߵľ簡ֻϧޣ֮꣬޷ߵľˡ
˹Ҳ̾Ϣ˵ǰS̫֮ˣҵڶԼľͷûлߵľˡ
ʵϣǲǲ֪ߵľ磬ֻΪޣҲΪߵľѶ̫ˣҲͷ˶Ը߾׷
ͺ˶֪֮ϻǧ̺̣Ƕͨ˵򼶱𻹿Ŭ׷󣬰ѴĿ굱Լܶյ㣬Ƕǧ򼶱򼶱˵ǸĿ̫ңԶ˵ǿɼˡ
ͨǲܰԼɹĿ궨λ̵ģΪǸĿ;£Ͳʵ֡
ַ΢΢һЦŵ˵ҲǹĿģа취ܼǵлʶߵľ磬ǻԸһ𣿡
ͨȻѽַȴзǻý;
ʲôлߵľ硣˹̳ԾĽ
ǿԼ֪Լ飬ԴӽS֮ʵͺţһҪߵľ磬ȴһңңڵ飬ַȴ˵ߵľ磬̫˾ˡ
ַҡҡͷ˵ȱżֻΪṩķȴ˵һͿԻý
˵һ㣬ҵǵܲһҲܰҵĵܿҲǿ죬Ҳұǿԭڡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ǻˣǻһֹĴУ֮ΪţҲ԰ҵɹѧϰ֪ʶҷʵҲģԴһĶҷţܵٶȡ
ܺ͹Ĳͬڱ֣ûϵͳţȴϵͳţȻûϵͳţȴһֱ͵ǿԾģҲУȴʵǿߵԭ򣬶һ㣬ڹȴټߵʵ϶ǺҹģԽʵҲԽǿ
ҵо֣ʵҲжصŵģʹֶصŽٶȻüôҲлʶߵΡ
ʱѵ˵᳤Ǵš
ΪĬʱҲסˣ̲סʵ᳤Ǵ𣿡
ַ΢΢һЦͷ˵ҾǴš
л᳤ܷص˼˵
ַ˵ⷨڲͬǸݸĲͬرƣÿѧϰţҲǸвͬͬʱҲҵĲ֮أûлҵ֮ͬǰǾԲҵŴڸ˵ģǶ˰ɡ
æ˵ǻ᳤ڻû᳤׼֮ǰǾԲҰѴط̸˵ġ
ַ˵Ǻãôȴӽܷؿʼ༸Ⱥ򡣡
ǻ᳤
⼸ֻмѵĽܷڷ
Сʱ󣬷һܷЦݵĴӴ򿪵ķ˳
ܷ΢΢һЦ˵᳤Ѿˣֵˣȥɡ
áһͷŶ롣
ǹ˰СʱҲǴӷ߳ɫû̫ı仯Ǵ߸˫üȻСʱʱ䣬ҲǴջ
˹͸ҲǷֱ뷿䣬֮˶ɷ϶Ǵַջķˡ
Ҳһˣ󣬸˵᳤˵ˣôһȥ
˽뷿䣬ַ˵ͷ˵ҽǵǸǵʺرƵģֻʺԼͿˣҪȥ̸ˣΪʲôҲ֪Ȼûлҵ֮ǰҲǲܺͱ˵µġ
ַ˵ʱϵȻ·һֻԶվǰȻSַ֣ǿƣ˲䲼亹
˸Ͻ˵ǻ᳤ǾԲͱ˵µġ
ַͷϵƶʱֱһƵͨˣѾʶ˻᳤Ŀ£ȴ򲻸Ұѻ᳤ͨ˿ġ
ַ˵ҽ̸ǵţһ޶ԼҲоĺôˣֻҪڼżʱգһҲԳߵľ磬ҲΪиʱ;ߵľ磬ҪǷеȨרطϣܹһгɡ
ȻϷǷֲ벻ǵ֧֣ҪϷǷֲǾϷǷֲĳˣӵзֲߴǷֲҲǣֻΪṩܹģֻܲҵǾΣ
ַĿ⳯ɨȥƽĿ£ȴһ˿â
ɵһֵ̬˵ûҾõͦõģ£ֲܷõĴ
һ̬˹Ҳæ˵˵ǣҲõͦõģ᳤û
ܷﰵ̾һ֪ôһģȻһôˡ
ȻЩʧǽܷҲ֪ڵǲܼôȨģ㲻ĵλûнͣһ˻᳤ڵţҲԿˡ
뵽ܷرҲ΢Ц˵᳤˵ǣҲͬ¡
ԴҲûʲô
ַЦлλϵ֧֣ҲҪ֮µĲϤ֮ǰ»Ҫλæµһӣȵ²ܹˣλϲܰ
ʵ˵ȻŻ᳤ͷҲǽȥܵģΪ˵ҪģԶԼʵֻʵǿ󣬲ƿؾ棬ܵڵһȨʹλϣ˵ǲ
˻ľ׽ַ˵Ļ
ûƽ˵ƽȵʵǿɣǿԱ࣬ͣ󣬵ǾǿĻƽȣΪûиԱַһˣ׵ˣǿʵǰһУǸơ
ܷس̾һִȫ⿪˵˻᳤ĻͨԼЩ꣬ˣҪЩҲרʹﵽߵľˣ˵ף˵ҪģԶǿʵ
ͷ˵һҪǱΨǿ󣬲ǿ󡣡
˹͸Ҳ˳˼֮С
òˣЩ˵ǿʵһеıַ֤Ц˵
ʱַȻ̧ͷЦ˵úúãһûȥǵ鷳ԼȴǺð
ܷһ㶣ʲô˼
ַ絭˵ȻǶ﷢鲻ˣ˸ֹв鿴ãȥһĽ


521 ս
ַһ˲̳ڵϵһǽǴ
ַĶ棬ȴվһ͵ĺˡ
ʲôˣ˾ɵĺһǾӢʵ
ֻǴȫ׵ĺ½£ȴû棬¶һӵף۽ǵƣӦͲСˣҲˡ
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ǰ˹ץߵˣɽʮɽʮͬʱҲսӵĳԱ
ƽȶ˵һǳҪΧأڻɻƽȳʱ߾ɳóǱɽʮǰ鿴ҪʱɽʮҲ԰ѻƽȵ߻߷ߣȫɱ
ҲΪʲôҪ̵ԭ
ʮ֣߳Ǳжǳ˳˵һ·Ǳе˻صڲ
ȻһʮʵȷǿһҲΪŻصϸͼʮУͬҲĵͼǱ룬Ż˳
ֻ˳Ϊֹˡ
ɽʮһ˫۷·ӥһ㿴ַ磬΢΢µӣһ㹰˫΢̧ʱ˽׼
ַ·𿴲ԷĶǵЦߵĳԱ
Ȼַʾ䣬ȴǳ϶ΪַľŶԷһɨͿԷĿϣҲһߵĴ־
ʵ֪ߵ־ַߵĳԱǿɾͷǳˣֻҪһɨɨԷϵĴ࣬Ȼ֪ߵĳԱ
ȻλúΣĿϣƽʱ·ǲܱ˿־ģǶַ˵ȴȫû⣬Ϊַǿʹþɨ裬ǿֱӿ·ġ
ɽʮַݣʱԣҲ룬Ͷַ˫һ˦ɽʮĶʮ㺮ַ⳯Χ˹ȥ
Щļ죬գ۾͵ַͿЩȴʮ֧ϸСĸɵġ
ЩǳϸСּĸзȴһҲӵ˵ͨˣʵԵһЩSߣбЩɱĿܡ
ڷͬʱɽʮͬһһֿٶķʽŤǽڳַ˹
Ϊٶȷǳ죬ж죬ټǰ·ߺƫƧӰ˲ַߣ·ַǰʧһ㡣
ÿٶȣùҪַһֱʹþ۲ȫҪٶ˹ȥ
ʱһƬɸĺѾַǰ
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һĻɽʮһһĨһѷɣУӹһŤѾԽܣַ࣬һͳַն䡣
ҪǱһʵˣԻᱻһն
һѸݶͻȻرɽʮ˷ʤѹ˹˵̷ǳȻеġ
ǺܿϧɽʮĶ֣ɲǱˣַ硣
ַľһֱעȫɽʮһһַĹע֮£ٹ죬ѸݣҲӲַעӡ
һῳʱַǰĹҲ֮ƶһַ̧࣬־Ͷɽʮһߡ
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ַɫһ״γһĨ㵡
ַ绹ǵһֹĶܷʽ
㿪ߵɽʮͺһеķɣȻһĨĺ⡣
ַһܵһΣյĸоҲ룬ˡ
һַǰٺڵ֮Ӧ飬һľַ仮һƬ½Ѿն¡
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ֵǿ󣬿ҲǳԼϡ
һУɽʮ̽żأ·һڵһ㳯ַȥеķɣٴη⣬ַһȥ
ʱַһѾɽʮʮ֮⣬˲Ƶ㿪ɽʮĹΧ
ɽʮüͷȻһ壬յڲ࣬ת䱸Ŀַ硣
ַϳֵĹҲɽʮɵ
ַ糯ԼһĨʱѪ
ղһѾַ䣬һСӣҺַǿޱȣƲء
ַһס˿ڣʵԺ˵˵ղһʲô
ˣҿԸɱ
ɽʮһԹٵַȥ̼俿ַ磬ͷһ
ַ絭һЦ׼ʩչһ˲ƶֳʮ֮⡣
ַ絭˵㲻˵ҲԲ³֣㱾ȻǿҲʹղһܹƿҵĻܣ˵ңȴǿǿеĵôû˵ɡ
˸£
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ַһЦһ˲ƣɽʮĹ
˵ʵڻ̵Ǻǿһ̵սַԸҲͳһ򵥵顣
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ַ˵ҸղŻֻǲ²⣬ڿȴһҲû˵㻹ǿԼеǰѵնղž˵һ
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ַһɶɽʮ׷
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˸£ɽʮ·ܵĪһ㣬ŭĴһ˸£ɿĴӻͳһֻСƿӣƿһѹҪƿĶȥ
ַĿһ˲䷢񹥻ַܵľɽʮһϵĶҲ̸һ
̶ַɽʮһ㣬һַɽʮȻؿ䴩˹ȥ
ɽʮһҽУеƿ̵
Ѷַʱ΢Ц
ʱɽʮһ˵ֻ͵ĳһ˦һ죬ϱһŨŨİɽʮӰȫڸ
ַһ㶣֮ЦһҪֶδԼƤӵߣɾ̫СԼˡ
ַ羫ע£ԷǳĿ֮УɽʮԼ˵󣬿ٶεĳȥ


522 й
Уɽʮ˿ڣһּΪٶĿǽڣȥ
ֵǿ󣬳ɽʮϣ֪ԼǶ֣ǵܵĴ㡣
ȻɽʮⲻܣսԳˡ
ֻô׳
ʱһͻưɽʮ˹ɫ̫׼̫ˣɽʮҲûϵйʱȡ
ȱеɽʮһڵϴһַɿվ
ʱһһɽʮҲ䴩
ɽʮƺһɫ䣬˫ˣûߵĿˡ
Ѿǿĸ֮һκһS߶̣ǰĳ̶ȣرɽʮʵͨS߸ͲĶ֡
ǺܿϧһɽһɽߣɽʮʵǺǿַֻʵȴǿַϣͲַĶ֡
ַĹħӵмǿĴ͸ԣ˵Ѫ֮ˣǽ̹ˣħǰҲֻбˡ
˸£
ɽʮŭĵͺһһ˦֣һСɵĶ̵ַ˹ȥ
ַ翪˲ƣڶ㿪ɵͬʱɽʮһֵɽʮĺ󾢴ȥ
ɽʮ̣о֮񣬷Ӧ֮Ѹ٣Ҳױȣֵַ˲ӦŤͬʱеĳɿַԴ˹
һƺߣֵַɽʮĺ󾢣ɽʮеĳҲַĶͷַϹâһͱַϵĹâ
£ַӵ˲ƵҪһ̣Ҳһܵ飬ɽʮȺ˹أӦԲ㣬űַ׵֡
ַĿһڵϵǰѷɣ̷ɵַС
ѵһ֣͸ַһֵĸоһӵϴ˹
ѵѰ
ѷɣһǿַľɨѷɣʱ򣬱赲⣬ַ粢ѵڵľҲ޷֪ѵʲôرĵطˡ
ѵַУַȫת鿴ڵͿ֪ѵʲôˡ
žȫתַľ͸֮С
ʱ򣬳ͻȻһ˭
ַһ㶣ܿ׹ԭѳһֻ꣬һֻǳǿĹꡣ
ֻǿȣSߣַĸоУѳеĹ꣬ǱS߻ҪǿĴڡ
ַЩ⣬û뵽ѳУǿꡣ
ַ羯ĶеĳַֻΪַ緢ֻ֣겢ǵļڳУǱӡڳС
ַ΢΢һЦʵ˭
й˵˹аҰ
񣿡ַȻʧЦǹĻҲ̫һɣ˵еĹУ
аҰƺоַĳЦŭ˵֪ķˣΪηЦ
ַЦ룬Уٺ٣ʵ̫Цˣһ꣬ȻҲԳƹ񡣡
аҰŭˣѳŲǣ˶ѣڷӡ״̬£ȻS߸ǿ󣬵ȴӲ˿
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ַ絭˵֪ǿ󣬵˵ԳƺԼΪǾĲˣСһָͿ㣬㻹ʵʵ˵ɣ㾿˭
ַֻЩ棬ֻĿ̫ˣַܲð
޴ķˣܹģǹаҰ
ַüͷѵһ˵ģ
Ŷȵȹ񣿡
ַͻȻЩ׹˫˵ƺ
ƺһڻĹǹǲܻΪһ̸ģڷɣǹ񲻷ֵģɣųưٰôܻôǲǰţȵ߰Ķ㵽֮Уųƹ
ĻԳƹƺûдˡ
ֻйԳԼΪ
ַɻǹ˵˵
֪޴ķˣǹаҰұӡڴ˵֮УΪṩҽΪṩǿޱȵ
ʲôַʵ
꣬ҪΪҹꡣ
ꣿҪô
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ױȵǿôǿôΪѵһˣǼһôҴܵģ
ַָǸոձεɽʮ
Ϊ̫Сˣ֧䲻ǿ㲻һӵгԽǿ֧ĳǿҵ֧֣㽫޵С
ȻҪ֧䣬ΪṩĻڷӡ״̬£ҵ޷㡣
ˣ̸˽´пգ졣ַͻȻ䵭
ˣ㲻ǿ޵е𣿡аҰһ˿⡣
һǿȴ˵ʲôΪṩǿⲻϹ𣬺ˣ´μɡ
֪޴ķˡ
ȹ˵ȥַϵջԼľӡ״̬µĹ޷ݵ⣬Ҳ޷ַйͨˡ
ַ絭ҡͷеĳյ˴ռС
Գƹļһûһʵҿ³ç̸Уȴ͸¶һ˿թַ֪ʲôʵˣҲͲٺ̸ˡ
Ȼ̸ַѵһħʿ˵̫ķԶԸһֻӡĹˣʲô񲻹ϾһֻһһֻӡĹҪԸеǷȻֻǱȽǿģַҪЩ׼ܶԸʱ˵ַܰѵ׼ʰֻй
ַɽʮһ˲ƣٴλص»صķڡ
ʱΪַͻȻߣܷ˻ڷżĵȴû뿪
ɽʮַеӣ˹ԾĽе
ɽʮһ֣ʶַеɽʮ˵ϡ
˹Ц˵ǰһץ֯ģôܲʶ
ַһ㶣ǵ˹˵ǰ֯һץסô˵һˣһɽʮ֯ǿսӣսӵĳԱ
ַʵҲ˵սӵĳԱˣ
˹˵ɽʮΪһټǿ̣սӵĳԱ֮һû뵽߾Ȼɽʮǰز鿴ҲҺл᳤ڴˣĻ̵ǿǿһ֡


523 ը
̵ĳַ֣ʶߵв°ϷǷֲٴϣ̳صСͷɻǰ̫ƽ
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ڹͲһֻҪǮƣԼҵķɻûġ
ڵľԺ͹ȫһкҲлȻҲǹڵΰȹõԭ
ַڷɻϱĿ񣬵ȴĿĵصĵ
Ҳ֪˶ãϵпս᳤ַѾﵽԤˣΧĺʮ֮࣬һĿ޷ȷǵķɻϾˮϷɻ޷ģֻί᳤ʹýɡˡ˵һֻɡ˹
ַҡҡ֣˵ɡͲˣһԼ취ȥģԼɡ
սһ㶣˵᳤Ҫʹýɡ𣿡
ˡַҲͣûԱѻŴ򿪣Ŵžȥ
ڻԱ˼Ŀ£ַӰٵĳ׹䣬Ȼʧ
ʵϲʧˣַղãַ͸ԼʩչһԼȥΡ
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ٵ䣬ַǰһɾҵļ磬ַһһ͸Ļ֣߿յļ磬ֻεĴַܶ˿Ӱ졣
Ƿʦƣսʿȫͬն
ڼĴ£ַ·ĺԽԽ׵ʱַ緢ħԭʱڸħƶ£ͣھ뺣һ״Ưڴ󺣵Ͽա
Ȼɵķ裬ȴƯڿС
ȵΪħʦʱ򣬾ͿѧϰʱͿڿķˡ
ַ壬½䣬ھ뺣ʮ״ͣ
ַ緢ٻѻ޺ٻ˳
޴Ļ޺ͨһ䵽˺ַȡϵķ䵽˻޺ıϡ
޺ͨ硢ˮ˫ϵħȻ죬ºȴûģٶϻޱȡ
䵽ˮĻ޺һϲУһźˮӣγһˮְַͬ޺
㺣ˮֵĺˮҲַ磬ǣȴĽˮ֣ںˮַûһƵĸо
ǻ޺һν󺣣Ҳַһο޺ʩչ
㱡ˮĻˮ磬ڱܿˮͬʱ˳һַǳĽ磬ֻˮ
ڱˮı£޺ַ糯һȥ
֯ĿƼҲǳǿԵҪ߸ǿҪϢߵĵҲһܵ飬ֻΪַṩ߻صĴŷλһȴҪַԼȥȷˡ
޺ˮµٶȷǳ죬ûַȴ̫ʱ䣬޺ͳַ絽һ
޺ƺһȦַľҲźɨһȦһͨĺߵĻزϡ
޺̵ͷٽһȥ
ʱ򣬻޺ַ紫һǰʮ⣬ƺʲô˻޺Ȥ
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ַһ޺Ľ;֪ˣʲô㰡һֻǱˮͧ
޺ûмǱˮͧڷǱˮͧȻоˡ
ַҲһ˵ԼҲûۼǱˮͧ
Ȼûȥ
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ǰеǱˮͧʱٵת򣬾Ȼ׼ַķ
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Ϊ֤ʵеĲ²⣬ַû޺ٵĳַһ˹ȥ
Ż޺ζ֧ǱˮͧǰҲŸı䣬ǹȻֻܹ޺ǳŻ޺ġ
ַԾڵĿƼѾô
־ͷְɣʹԼˣԼôһģַ绹еġ
ߣǿȥַ絭˵
޺һ˷ܵĵٿˮǱˮͧ˹ȥ
˿̣Ż޺ǱˮͧǱˮͧȴը˹
ﳯǳˣô죿
һ𷢵İˣĻϸٿɫ㣬ðһͷ亹
ʱ򣬴˷һ£ԼǲǷµˣ˷֮¾Ǳͧ׷ڸòٳǱͧ˹ȴǱͧ˶һ
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̾һǲܻ׽ֻˣΪǱͧİȫֻܰɱˡ
ɣ1ף׼䡣
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һ׼ϡ
ĿѾ׼ϡ
䡣
ǱͧĲ棬һöڵһɫ˺۷ٵĳ˳
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ַһ߻޺Ը׵ķ޺̵ͺһһεѾ˳źˮɢȥ
ʱ׵ΧðһȦ˻˻һ̾ͱΣŤһ黨һ㡣
һ죬׷ըںը˴Ƭˮ
ʲô£ôᱬըģ
Ǳˮͧϵ˶ˣԵ޹ʵģôᱬը
׷Ť̫ˣǱͧϵˣûпױŤһĻ
ҡҡͷɢͷﲻԤУ˵׼䡣
ǣ׼䡣
׼ϡ
ĿѾ׼ϡ
׷䡣
䡣
һųİɫˮˣŲ˹ȥ
ǱˮͧڶٱٴνŵĶöףղŵףӦһ⣬ڵףԲٴʧˡ
ʱ򣬺һ죬һɫ˻ں𣬶ףͬըˡ
ֱըˡ
Ǳͧ﷢˵ľȫԱˡ
һ⣬ôڶͬըǾͲˡ


524 ²Ǳˮͧ
ŵڶ׵ıը̾Ǳˮͧڹٱ
ըˣֱըˣ⾿ôһ°
Ҳˣһαը⣬ôڶαը;ǱȻˡ
ھѸٻعɿ´˸ָ
̸ܲϢǵ״̬ظͶţǰδ֪
Ǳͧר򣬶ת;УǱͧβ򣬴ԼٶȭͷСĽԲͷ˳
ЩԲظףЩ׵ĸӦΧھʱ򣬸׻ԶըӶغ͹˵á
ΪЩ׵ǳСԺѱǱ֣ͧһַǳ
ҲǶһ
һٶŸͷų̾Ͱ׵ˮȫǣӶγһεش
ͨǱͧ治÷ЩСǶڻ޺˵˵Щըˣˮ΢СϺζҲĸӦΧ֮ڡ
޺ȻоЩС͸׵Ĵڣħ΢΢һһССڶม׵ĵеĸ׶ʱ˹ȥײһ𣬺һں׷ľҵĴը
һ죬ڸǰеǱˮ̱ͧըˮײҡ
ױըˣ
Ǳˮͧڵڶٱɫһס
ĻϿԿֻδ֪븡ٻǧ׵ľ룬ôԶľ븡׾ͱըˣȻܲͳ
ˮڣַȴϲĹЦ
ַ֪ԭ޺սڴﰡ󺣲ǻ޺ս
ں޺ʩչˮϵħûħԿĵϣ޺ҲǺ֮ûκܹںͻ޺жԿ
ǱͧУĸͬС
Ȼ޺ǾԲµģΨһܹԻ޺вģǺˡ
޺Ȼܹں޵УǺв̫ˣûнв֮ǰ޺ĴڣȻҪõܡ
ǲȥЩкĴˡ
Ȼ˵ʹñϾӰ̫󣬲򲻵ѣԷǾԲģ޺ȴԵɳʹãҪȺöˡ
ڵϵҪԲԶһַպôϵĻȨҲ͸Ӵˡ
ַ绹뵽һ㣬Ȼܹպôǲǿڴ˻ϣռĳһΪԼأ
л޺ػκδֻ޷úԻһȶĻء
ˣʵˣκ鶼ɣʵҲͲؾЩСˣֱӰѶԷռпܣαصķ⡣
˵ףȭͷӲֻҪȭͷôһе뷨Ͷɡ
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Ҫ֪ղǱַͧ²Ҳûз־ġ
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526 ҵˣǿ
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ЩһܣСʱˣȻûа
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ߣһΣǱԷ͵Ϯ˶ѣҪ潻ս¹˭ֻ˵ء
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Щ㣬˶ԷҪɱĳˣֻҪԷĹϨҲ͵ɱԷ
ȻҪһ㲢׵飬ƣڸɱԷ֮ǰѾԷɱ
˵ףܲսǸܡ


527 
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ζӳҲоһεĶڲͬ˵ȫ弯ϡ
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սһʮԱȥλԱʮλԱȫڴˣڶӳ֮£ʮλԱжȫеư
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˲ƵҪϣöʲô˲ĵط˻֮⣬һǴƾԼݹҪˡ
ͨζӳȴ˵Сĵ㣬Ҫ﷭ˡ
ӳİɣСһ׮ȴŵ˵
ʱ򣬸ȻСġ
ʲôһȻͷȴʲôҲûпֻԼǰպ߹һѲߵʿ
ȻûпˣǼڸľȴţ̱һȫܣڼ̾һɿ磬ǿĿżѸٺˣͬʱһεķУڿ֮ϯǿĳŰȥ
ΧĽﶼǿ񱩵ķкͿбиķѣһ·ʿ޹ڿвҽо죬תۼͱķУгƬ
ò̵ļһҲûаЩʿԼ˿ΪԼİȫ޹˼ɵȫ֣ûйЩʿ
ַЩʿӦǵˣǿЩʿ˲ȴҲһŭ
ͬΪһŭַһ䣬̲ɱ⡣
ٺ˵ļûȥЩʿɻ˵ô°Ǽһģҿ


528 һ
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Ȼַսûħǿ󣬵ǽսͻȻԺ͸ٹýŮ˴
ַһַ֣Ӷ׷ʹַķǹ½ļƷȣ쳣ҪʱԵɽսʹá
ŶԷʧȥƽʱַ̣ԥٴηߣȻһϧĻԷķŮĶͷ˸Դ
Ůƺһһ˫ɫ۾ϴ˫ﲼ˾ֺͲţʵ޷ţԼȻڴ˵ء
˫ʵԭһأټַȡɣ̾ͽԷɱ
ֱŮأַܳ˹
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ַһٶ˲ʧгַܹʱȫա
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ŽŮĵսֻˣһˣѾ޺ס
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ϵȻǿ󣬵ַͻ޺ֹ£᧿ΣѾԵ
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ֲַֻɵȻɵվԭسܹû޺Ӵ͵ֵЩ㲻ĹŻԼܡ
Уķ̫ǿˣǲǶ֡һ߾˵ַĿһֿ־塣
սӵĶӳĿַ磬ҧгݵ˵ߡ
ʱ˿̣οǸͲǵ˵Ķ֣˫ȫһĶ֣ټսȥҲֻ·һ
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һٲԥ̴ˣҴ뿪
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Ҳϵߡ
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ͶַԵԥһ£ֻ΢΢һԥַٴηƬ̺һҽУﱻַɱ


532 ɽ
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رﻹװд͵ļַּҲ֪ԼķħܷЧ
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սַԥĳŸղߵ׷˹ȥǴ˻ؽʣµսڻλܸߣ׷ɱһǿնãҲǿԸ˴Ӷȡظܡ
ھɨ£ַܿȷ˵ķλ̾׷ٹȥ
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Ĵ˲ƣÿƶףգ֮䣬ַѾ׵ĸ߿ϡ
Ȼ󣬵ַ˲ܹڶʱ뿪Сַʶѡ˲ƣӶ뿪СıըΧ
γ˲ַ֮ɫ԰ף˲ƶھʵ̫ˣرڸǿȵս֮Եĳ˲ƣַľַľݽߡ
˲Ƹոսַ£·׹䣬ַĬĬʩԼͷһƯƯ£ַֹͣ׹׵ĸ߿Ư
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ըĻˣȻײַϣսھҵıը£һѸַɫޱ䣬ϵļǿħάֻս׵Ĵڡ
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ʱѾܲôˣɽıͬ־ãֻҪ֧Ƭʱ䣬ͿԴӻɽ緢Χӳȥ
װˣңȴֻһһûˣʲôˡ


533 澫
ַħĿΧŨĻԪͻȻ˹һ㣬ַӿ
ЩӿĻԪؼ˻ս׵ƻٶȣڴͬʱҲһֻԪر˳գӶǿ˻ս׵Ĵڡ
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Ǽˣ澫ԪôڵϵģôﱻԼġ
Ҫƽʱ澫飬ַԻϲ쳣һ׽澫飬Ϳջ澫Լս
ֻǴ˿ַ̣Σ֮Уûսһֻ澫Ĺ֮ء
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ĻɽȻضɽҡˣȴûǿġ
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ħʦԪоǵĵϸҲ֪ΪַԸǰĻ澫飬ṩ˼Ʋߡ
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ħʦħʵԪתɣ˵Ԫص뾫Ԫ
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һ£ɲˣ̲ħѧеĺЧӦ澫ڵԪҲЩħַڡ
澫Ԫַ֮ƷַӴħζʳ֪ζĻ澫鱾ܵĽԼ˳ַͨڣӶõƷЩζħ
Ԫؾ鲢ѪǵɣɴС
Ʒħζַڷ˸ħһһֳɵĺֻͨ澫Ҳ룬һ㻯Ϊһ⣬˳źַͨڡ


534 
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ַЦ
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Ҳֻ£ַԪطչΪַԪطԭ򼫴ħԣԪ˺żǿĵֿԣ»ڻԪ˺ַ壬ڸ»Уȴ
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Ǻַħ֮Դɫַ羫û˫ըʹַ糹׳Ϊˡ
ַĿҲ˴ɣǺ֮ڵǿ澫飬Ǻ˵ıըУҲըɷ顣
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ոձľʱַӡǣַķ֮£ʱַת
ЩתȻȴԵ棬ܵתԽתԽ죬ľȻַγһơ
Ƶγɣ˵ˮȻޱȣַҲΪ֮һ


535 ħʦ
һΧԪسַ۶վƵתΪħ뵽֮УΪƵһ֡
ЩħĲ䣬ַڵƶʱʼչ
ڴ˹֮УַԪŻƣƽعһ罫ַڰգʹַ粻ڵ亣¡
Ҳ֪˶ãַڵƣ֮ǰѾٱһ𣬱Ҳħڶ⣬
ϯַȫַȫ˺ϯ֮£ϣ⻹ô򵥣ϵĹУһǿ
ЩѪеĵ⣬ܵЩںϣԽ׳
ԼһСʱַ֮ϵȫϣָʱַǿȣ֮ǰ屶Ѫڵһ˿˿Ԫ⣬Ҳ֮ǰ
ˣַȫ¾磬˵ǵǹ룬ˮˡ
Ȼľ磬ܹԵĶ֣϶ҲǷǱѰӵеֶΣ϶ҲޱȣµƾķҲǵֵסֵͬƻģҪǿԼħֶΡ
ַ³һһεƯǧ׵ĸ߿С
ʧ֪Ǹû뵽ԭΪľ棬ͷȴǳȫԼԼͻħʿĹؿһٽħʦ硣
ʵϣƾļЧַۼƵ˿Խħʦľ磬ֻҲ֪ΪʲôһؿַȴǳٳͻƣƳٵڡ
ַȴˣħʦľħʿľ磬ȴȫͬģҪͻħʿħʦľ磬ȴǧѣѹħʦȴ֮١
ûĻԵԴħʿħʦ
ħ½ħʦĽҲǲٷ֮һٷ֮һָǣħʿУҲѵһ˽ħʦɴ˿ɼħʦ֮ѡ
ַ΢΢һЦſڷһХ֮ħҲ֮еķԪ֮ͨͨһγХ֮УȴԽԽ죬һ´ݣ֮ڣɱ硣
ַЦħʦľ磬ħĶħֿɳɣ
ħʦľ磬Զ᲻ħʦǿġ
Цϣַһһεľ̳ɢȥ·һˮһ㣬û©Χһ˿һĿռ䣬ΧʮڵһʱַĸӦ֮С
ַҲżɢӦķΧҲԽԽֻԽԶĸӦԽģʮķΧ󣬱û֮ǰӦôϸˣҶھĺķҲ൱ˡ
ַԭľѾǿ󣬿ǺħʦһȣȴԨ֮
ڽħʦľ磬ַ羫ĸӦΧŵʮԶӦΧǿԴﵽһٹ
ȻھǿޣʮҲǿӦΧʮļӴ󣬶ҸӦЧҲžĹԶģ
ħʦַ֮ʵ츲صı仯ħʿʱ򣬸ͲᲢۡ
ַһֳºһָһָһɫĹַָ˳ȥʱָֻͷϸ·ȥʱȴԽԽ󣬵ȵ䵽ϵʱȴѾ֡
һ֮Уֵɫ䵽˺ϣںըһ޴˻ںбը˻ʮ׸ߣûü䣬ȴڵߴʱ˲һʮ׸ߵıɽ
ħʦһȴԶһʮ׸ߵıɽ֮ǰȴҲ顣
ȴûַ̧꣬һָһȴ֮ǰǲͬһĹͬģָ֮ȴԽԽ󣬵ȵ䵽ɽʱѾ
䵽ɽϣȴϢϢУʮ׸ߵıɽһ䣬ȴ˲
֮ǰͱɽʱĺȻ죬˿ϢĺɫȴǸӿ¡
ַ˼ֳ·һָһȴһɫĹ䵽ٴȻ죬ֻһھ֮Уȴûκ˻ȴʹú֮Уһ飬ǵĺˮУƾնһϰʮ׿ӡ
ά룬Ȼܵĺˮŵ룬ûûӵĹУˮӿΧʮﲻðںɣϺڴ˰֮з׷ɥƬ̺󣬵ȵƽϣȴ޶˶˵ĶһҲϺʬ塣
ڴ֮󣬾ΧﷶΧڵĸʳ߷׷Ƭвʳ֮СʱڣԿ͵Ⱥޣڴ˵سû
ַ簵ͷˮϵħȻͨͨںʩչȴǿֲޱȣħҪ
ڴַ֮ʩչ˼ԵħںϣһһʵħȴȻӡַ֤Ĳ롣
ַʩչԵħУԺˮԵħǿԵħԶԣҪ֡
Ҫ˵óħַʵóϵħΪڿħϵħַյħУϵħӦǿġ
ʵϣַǿħȴˮϵħͻϵħ
˵ϵħˮϵħΪʮôħֻߣڸ٣һ󣬻ַħΪԽԽԡ
ȴΪַħʦʱԱˮԪغͻ澫ΪģַڵıԴҲͳ˻ˮԻϵħˮϵħַʹóʱŻǿޱȡ
ʧеãַȻʹħȴҲˣʹַʹûϵˮϵħ
ʧеãˡ
ַһѾ˾ȻԼڵʺʹûϵˮϵħôӽҪˮϵͻϵħħȴֻҪվУûбҪоˡ
˵ľܹ޵ģ޵ľŵҪϣܹ°빦
ַֽĿ⿴Լָϣַָϣһöӵָͭ
öָͭǷͬһ㣬ַõħװҲַΪֹõõħװ
öͱ¡ħһöǿĿռϵħӵǿĹܣһʹ߾
ڴ֮ǰöͱ¡ħѾֱַӡĹܣһַħʦ磬һӡ忪ֻһµ
ַľħһɨ֪̾öħ¹ܵİ
µһռ֮š
ռ֮ţ˼壬ǿԴһȿռţͨռţ˲ͨǧ֮һ򣬴Ӷͨռţ˲ֵǧ֮⡣
ռſ˵֮ǰؼŲĽŲҲһֳԶĴͼܣֻܴԼԼߵˡ
ռȴһδͣǴһ̶Ĵͨڿռʧ֮ǰԴԴϵͨռŽд͡
տռţҲ͵˴˲ƵʱҲʱˡ
ռŵ֮ȴһĿȻġ


536 ȭ
ռʹ÷һţһʵš
νţָʱԵĿռţʵȴҪֿռϵĲϣʵĿռţԳʱĴڣʹá
ŵĺôǲòϣ̾Ϳʹãȱһַ뿪˵أʧȥַ֧֣ͻɢȴ޷ʹÿռˡ
ʵŲͬʵҪϽװģһɣַ粻ڱأҲʹռţд͡
ռſ˵ǴŲĽ׼ܣǲ˵ռžһȴŲá
ֻ˵Ǹȱ㡣
Ϊռһ򿪣ǻܴĿռ䲨ģ׾Χ˵ע⣬ŲԱȽΣһǲױǴٶȽϿ죬㱻֣Ϳ¶Ѿˡ
ַʵͱ¡ħеĸּܵҲ˲øǿռøսЧҲǱøǿ
ַһһ״̬ڵ״̬ǳ⡣
ַһԺֳ㣬ÿһʹһʱյַ꣬ʹôŲתƵʱյڵء
ڶУһ꣬ϼڵصĵַ꣬ڵλã⴦꣬ǧϵľ룬֮ǰַ磬Ǿûôħд͵ģȴǲַͬһԴͻؼҡ
˵һԻؼˣַһԼڵħһδԶԴﵽϣԴӻģֱӴ͵׹ˡ
ַһһ⻪⻪һַѾԼϤķС
ʱյ꣬ڵҵһ
ַһֻصˡ
һ飬ʵ̫գַ粻ü˵ģûкκ˵ַĻع鲨û˵ע⡣
ַٴλعƽÿ˲ħǳʱ鸸ĸ
ʱ÷ɿ죬µʱ䣬֪Ѿȥ
µʱϼҵıׯ԰޽ɣַһѾᵽ˱ס
ַµҵҲۡ
ַ֮ǰһֱڹ滮ĻҵʱҲڿʼ
һ裬Ϊɲ裬еĺܴЧҲǷǳ
ɲĹЧרԸ˲ģѪѹѪ֬ȵ֢״ֻҪϼƿɲ裬֢״ͻõ⣬صĲֻ֢ҪƳ̣ҲͿȬˡ
ֺɲˣǲġ
ɲ費ҩȴҩҪ顣
ɲһ˹ߵǿҹע۾ʮһƿɲ裬һ£һϻܣͱһգɲۻ𱬳̶ȣ˷ǳԾ
Ϊˣ缯ŽͶҺҵЭ飬缯ųԭϣиصĺҵѸھµĽɲۣг󣬹ߣܹȽĹɲ衣
ҲΪɲĻۣ缯ԭĬĬҵų˵С
ʱ缯ҵļ˾ǽȭǷ䳲ǹ˾ʵͻԽչҳɹзϷͷʹϷͷϷϷ
ʵϣʵļںܶǰѾˣֻһһֱ죬ֻþʩҪʹãкܴļѹء
ܶ˶û뵽һѹأȴ䳲ˡ
䳲ƳԼ׿Ρ½
½һħñΣ壬飬ˣ壬ÿһ壬ַΪսʿ֣ħʦְҵÿһְҵнְҵտԷΪʮְҵһʮϷ
½׿ΣҪϷͷʹã䳲ΪƹϷƳͷֱۼ۾ŰپʮԪİͷۼǧŰپʮԪĻƽͷԼۼ۾ǧŰپʮԪʯͷ
εͷԳϷֻ۸ԽͷȻҲԽá
ΪϷƹ㣬繫˾ֱӶԸУͶһǧֻۼ۾ŰپʮԪİͷԷ䳲עԱг齱Ͷֻͷ
һ֣֮䶯½Ҳ˶
Ļʲôǵ½ʽߵʱͬһʱ˰һߣǴͬһУ̾Ͱ˶ˡ
˰ͬʱһһݿɾ̫ˡ
ϷǳûκεĿ١
˵˰ͬʱˣĿǰ˵ʮͬʱߵΣڷѹѾǷǳ޴ЩϷ˾޷󣬷䳲һģǼҵķѵ
Ϸ˽Ϸ硣
ʱϷļ̫ߣֻά棬ԼĵزˣҲýϷڶңľˡ
ϾǴ˵һνС
ųһε䳲糹׻ˡ
ͬʱ缯齨һΪζĲ˾ȫأһٶҰζƵ꣬οҵ
ζҵӣҵӵĳԭͷǳټַΪṩϣζĿڱһӾͱ˳ȥ
ζƵһϵа곤磬곤˵ҩŵĴ󼯺ϣǳЧ˵вβûǿ
곤ЧǳһƳгǿҷӦ
Ҫһٰ곤ɲ׵飬ǰ½ԤлԵڸҪǰԤ
Դӽħʦַ֮ʵ޹˼ɣҲǴչȭţҵȭһ䶯
ΪЩӹ˾缯Ҳ˵ע⣬缯ŽнӴһɽ¥ѹȸС
缯źҵҲڵͷĴ缯ŵıһʱֱ鲻Զʱڣȴû˻ȥ֣ʱ䳤ˣȴ˵ˡ
ַȴ֪һᷢ׼
ǣŰ칫¥
ַǣޱ֣߳¥ޱüɫԵЩȻ
ַ΢Цʵϰ𣿡
ϰߡޱͷ˵
˵ʵַ֮䣬ûĸ飬Աַǣ֣ٸоֵֹġ
ַһЦ˵ϰ˾ͺá
ޱεЦЦҲ⡣
˵˪ĬĬ档
ֵϣ˹˾Աע⡣
ˣ
ûǣְⶼ
˵˭Ȼܹ׷
϶ҲļҵĹӸˣĻܹķۣ
ˣӣ֪Ҫ˵ˡ
ޱǣִȥ̾в绰
ڿ׷ޱĶҲʱӵ绰֪ܿһϢ
һϢѶð绰ˤ롣
ַɲܱôģǣޱ֣Լͺա
ϣޱʵΪȨģ
ַһ㶣Ц˵˼ҵˣҲʱñˡ
ޱһЦʵȥġ
ַҲһЦ˵ȥ߹ݡ


537 ޵
߹ݣޱĿַ硣
ԣ߹ݣôȤȥ߹𡣡ַ΢Ц
Ҳáޱͷ
ɰѳֱ֣ǽںͷɺɡ
һֽн׹书֮ͭƤǣӵзǷķ
ɺ书зɺ뷨һ׷֮һԳ߳ĸ룬սʱǵԶʱҲԽͶȥսԶǳ
ַν߹ݣߵˡ
ʮӺַޱ˵˽פſڡ
ַͿ˵Լд书ģи㡣
Ȼַ绰˵ĿȴѲƵʵڵԣŭŵ̲סͶַˡ
ַȴҲֻĿһۣڴһ֮£·޺ݺݵ˹Էһһƨϣعʱƨܵˡ
ַҡҡͷߵޱ˵ֻԼȥˡ
ޱĿַһۣЩĵ˵ȥ߹ݣ᲻᲻ð
ȴЩַİȫˣϾַֻһˣԷһţޱҲЩ棬ַǷʲô裬ôԵ޹뵽߹ݣ
û£߰ɡַЦЦ˽ȥ
˽벻ãӭһ꺺ӴһȺڵ˳
꺺ӣɨַһۣ˵ºô磬浱ǽǺ۸𡣡
ַһЦ˵Ž׹˫֪Ǽ١
ߡ꺺һʱٲϻһͳַײ˹
һײ֮£ֺֿݣֻ̺֮ҪУԹ룬
ǽ׹еһž״ɽơ
ַȴһָһӰεĹ̴ַָⷢɹӰȥ٣̼д󺺵ؿڣƺһǰ߽֮⣬۵һһѪ˳
ٿؿڣȴѾһָͷֵѪ
ɫҰףַ级Ȼ˵ָù򡣡
óĽ׹ȴڶԷһָ֮£߽⣬ɴ˿ɼԷ
һƣַһȭ˵º书²Ƕ֣Ҳ֪ǽڣε˸£ҪǴǽڣȻһ
ȴַ֪֪ڶ벻Ƕ֣Դˡ
ַһЦ˵ҵǺǽԩ޳𣬾Ҹղ˵ҶǽڵĽ׹ĺܣдд裬ʶʶ
ַ˵ʱЦ书֮ߣƽǽڵ书ܹø·ۡ
ַٺһЦ˵ѧ̺֮Ը¸ؼи㡣
ȻҲտڰ׻ҪҲǵĶ֣ȻʲôҲ˵ˣҽҵʤؼһۡ
ַǴע⣬Ҫؼˡ
룬˵¹شҲǽжᡣ
áַͷһָһŵҩ䵽˴󺺵УԴ˵ǱƵ˵ҩ
лһԥһڰѵҩȥ
ⵤҩһڣ̾ͻΪҩˮ˳£ʮ档
ɫһ䣬ʵû뵽ֵҩЧ֮ǿֻǳµҩؿڵ˾ͲˣҲѪԿʥҩ
վַһŴַȥ
Сַ֮ٴδ뿪ڣ뿪֮ʱȴǽȫӳŹ͡
Ͳаʵһ̫ǽΪ̫ϳϣҲһָ֮Уһָͷ͵㷭ˣָ֣ڸǲ𣬼ȻǲҲֻύˡ
ڣҲûгԿΪַڿղصе伮֮󣬻һƿ˵ҩһƿҩһʮţ㹻νʮ˵ڣȴռ˴ˡ
뿪ִַ֮ȥһŷɺɣ編ƣɺڶ֣Ҳûһַ֣ȫַһָܡ
ɶַܣޱַĿ⣬Ҳȫˡ
֮ǰȻַ֪Ҳֻǰַ統֣ͨ뵽ַȴѾ̶ֳȣڷɺɣȴһ֡
ʹõľܻ书ޱ̲סʵ
ַ˵ʵܣ书ӱԴ˵;ͬһ
ޱƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ַ翴ޱһۣЦ˵ޱս¸ɣһȦô
ޱһ㶣˵ս¸ɣ⡭᲻̫Σˡ
ޱ˪ڸɵ飬Ҳжţ֪Ĵأڶ࣬ƣַҪս¸֣ȴΣյĺܡ
ַʤ˽ںͷɺɣɣ֮УҲǵ׵Ļɫ㲻ţַҪսЩţ´Σա
һԵ˪ʱȴ˵ᣬַڵûж˻֣ΣգߣҲûܹס
˪ϾǴСĹ䣬ڹҲӵ˽⣬ַսںͷɺֵĹ磬ȴҳַܹսĶ֡
˪Ľͣޱᵽַǿ
ޱ룬ͷͬ
СŹĸִţڹҲǷǳ棬һλѵãַܹߣʶĸɣȴҲеԸ
Ϊĸĵģޱȴûк͸ĸ˵£ֻ˵ҪΣڵڶ죬װӼ򣬴˪ַͺա
ʵԴϴεĴɱ¼֮ޱһһڸĸļر֮£ޱǰַĳһţ丸׾Ѿ֪ˡ
ֻǸȴֻܿЦҡҡͷŮ˲ɵ
Ӻǿʼַ򵥵֣ڹ翪ʼȵ
̶̰ʱ⣬ʮһŴɣʮ߼еɣʮλ֣԰ַУַÿֻһУһУֻһָһָͷͰѶֵ㷭ڵء
Ϊ书̫ߣս񣬴δһܣǵȺս޵̬ջʤЩսܵţַһΪı޵С
ֺ޵֮ȴˣ׷ײĿ
ַȻսȴҲɣÿνֻ֮󣬶ᶪҩˣǶԷлвַ翴̬ȣ־Ρ
һȥ޵еı֮⣬ҽıţҲŲֶߡ
һ¼䣬ַŶŮսɣַ޵еţҲԽ
رַܾŻ֮󣬾Ż۵ϣǶַƳ籸ۣĪ⣬޵С
Ī⣬޵С
ʵ̫ˣȵ޵неĸǽгŵģȴǾŻ۵ϣŻʲôطŻǻ֮һ˵ǿ֮һֱʮλ֮࣬ϸǳʮ֣书֮ߣڹǰʮ֮ڡ
ĸַ֣УҲûмУ߹Уڵб㱻ܣҲˣŻᱻΪĪ⣬޵С
ҲΪĴ֣ۣԶۣ벻ţȴû˸ڹȻ
ΪһҲ͵ں;Żԣ˭Ҳûôĵӣ顣
˻δعʱ򣬽ţַּս׺󣬽սܾŻһ֮󣬲׺ҲַС
ʱڣ£ѩɽĹȣׯŵĴţһһַС
ˣĹյĸַ֣£Ϣ½Ծ
Ī⣬޵Уţʵ顣


538 Ŵ
Ī⣬޵У
дַ֮ڻĹ磬˲֪˲缯ûй˸ڴǵע⡣
书ˣвַ粻ǿҽֶҲʮ˳Ϊҽ
ַУûʲô֢Ʋõġ
ϲ֮飬˾ͻҪҽʱַҲ͹Գ
ַޱսɵʱ򣬲һζսÿһأս֮࣬βεĲ˲֪Ҳ˽һζεԵ
ַѣɴ˱鲼Ϻ
书ҽѱ鲼ϺַųƵţ۱µһɵ
ţ˵㣬ַһ֮⣬ûĸ֣Уվݡ
ַԴȴмƽϣǵɺͶʵ٣ַҵЩɣ룬Լš
ַʱЩǵɺͶﲻϼţŵȻһӾͱ
̶ʱڣŵͻǧˣǧ˿ɲũ񣬿ɶгɵӣе쾳ˣµҲǿɽΪżĵӣֻΧʽš
ôȻһɣйزŵע⣬ַֻ̫죬ټҲֻյӣûΥ飬ȴ˭Ҳܲͷϵġ
ôӵļ룬书ȴҲ⣬ܴܲҶģǻʲôɣֻ˵һɢɳˡ
ַ׼ռɵ书ؼΪ˴ŵѧ
ħʦ֮սԽǿѾﵽһǧĳ̶ȣҲ˵СʱսȴѾǧСʱϼƶʮ죬ǰ˸µʱ䣬ǳֲ
дսַսڿԿѧϰκμ֪ܺʶֻǻʱ䣬սڹַ꣬ݸɵ书ķʮѧؼṩΪѧϰ
ַȻûڹķǴʱľ磬ѾԶԶĳֵĳ̶ȣ֮ϵĸ֣չŴֵĻ֣ǽ𵤸֣۽ȻͬԲܹؾųԼɵ书
ʮ书ʵҲ͵ʮ򣬷ֱڹķַǣ׵׽ȭ׽ţָƣצײ׻幦ɱ
Щ书ּ򵥣ȴǳ˵ǵѧ
ϾЩѧַݸѧ֮Ҫں϶ɣ벻ܡ
书˵Ҫôڸôȴһ⡣
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ÿһһʮ
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ûйϵַ׼ַΪƳ˲Ʒ
ַݹŴҩַҩĺħΪԭƶɣܹ֮Ϊ
ΪϵĲãԾҲ֣֮ƷãƷΡ
ƷħӲƶɣɽΪ˷ãʵ
Ʒһħ޵ħӲƶɣΪԷãʵ
ƷԶħ޵ħӲƶɣΪԷãʵ
쾳磬ٷƷЧҲͲˡ
ʵϣݾƹӦûƳľħ޵ħ˺ļħ޵ħ˼Ϊѵã֮ϵĲϣҲǳַͷûЩϣʱֻƷ
õľֻܵȵַԼȥ½ȡˣܽơ
ħʦ磬ʵȫַֻͬǻ˼ʱƳҪƷ
Щ˭ʹãɾͽˡ
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ȻǱȶȻͻнһ֮Ϊǲμ䶷֮ˣݸΪӦһž
һзݣ˵ǽƷ˵Ƕ˵һμʹ͡
ͷϷˣǰʮԿɻþĽθߵͻõľвͬԽǰõľҲԽࡣ
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ĵÿ˿ɻһԶһװڶԶװһԶװ
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һ˵䶯˷׷ײμӴȣΪ˻һθǳ
£ǧ˵Ĵȣ֪ҪѶʱ䣬б˵ҪڶӣִģĴȣȥǺٷģ඼СΧĵӱ䣬㵽Ϊֹ
ַΪ׼ڿտĹ㳡УչԼս磬Ի󡷡
ڶӣ֮ԣ롶󡷣̽һ磬ս硣
սԽԽǿַȫ߶֮£㹻һ˲֣ǧ˸Ͳڻ¡
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һıȶһǿ߾ʹ˵飬ɽ飬ı̽ǰʮϡ
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ĳԱǵ쾳Ϊֻһ֮ңʵΪǿΪߵһȺˡ
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һһֵľıҲǽŵĽŵһ䶷ᣬԲᡣ
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ȼģǴгֵͬҲĶѡ
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⹱ַʽһΪϽҪĶŷ
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ַ粻ǲ޳ṩЩ޳ṩʱδʲô顣
ܼ򵥵ĵӸĸǮǮõɣ֪ϧȻԸĸûим֮飬ҪԼ๤ñ꣬ݱͻ֪ϧҶԷʵϰҲĴм
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ϹŵٸħϵħƶɣһԴԲǺֻҪ˾϶
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սַ缫ΪصһԴַиǿȵսַҲţȵսӳ׳ͣʱ򣬵ϿûκһԵֵסǿߵͻϮ
Ͼַ粻ܰеʱ䶼ڵҲܰеľڴ鷳ϣвŻսӵĵսӣַͻЩУ
Ŀǰսӻѵڼ䣬ʵȶַ绹Ϊṩǿħװһǵʵ㹻ɨ
ڷѵ⣬ַȴǲĵģϾеԱǩԼģһǷַ磬ͻԼ˺ͻ
źᣬһһ֯ĴڣַڵϵǲΣյġ
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ҲҪԭַĿǰʵں䱬ը֮ǰʹþװƻȻԿռָղָﴦ״̬ҺźţԱը䲻ᱬը
Ҫɱַ磬ַֻĸӦΧ֮˵ַĸӦΧȴѾﵽʮʮ˵ʱ򣬶ַҲͲ˶˺ˡ
Ҳˣ˵Ȼܹвַ磬Ҫ˵ܹɱַ磬ȴкܴѡ
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˵ˣַв󣬵˵ã෴ַ绹ǳأرַ뷨УҪܹЩиװ̾Ϳ԰Щ½ȥʹá
ַ뷨ֻǵʵǿкܶǣʵǿ󣬹Ҳȥ˺ܶ࣬ܶʱ򶼿ʵС
źѾͣµ飬ֻҪͰķչȥͿˡ
ַʼصľΪַһж׼
ڴʱڣޱһֱַߣսȺۣܾ¸֣ƵʩֶΣ²ڴһһУޱַ磬һŷģѾַϡ
ȻѾİ֮䣬ȴһ㱡ɴ˼ܵĶҲǣǣС֣촽
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540 ȫ
ַҪжĿ꣬׹
׹ַѾķֻᣬֻѾʱյ꣬ȥ׹ǳ򵥣ֻҪȷʱյ꣬ʹһδŲͿ˲׹
׹ַ绨ʱ䣬׹һߣ׹Ҫк;Ŀ괦ʱյ꣬Щʱյַ꣬ͨŲڼ̵ʱڣЩĿص㡣
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ַ׸жĿ꣬׹һĴͱұǵҲ
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һη糱ûΪ׹ڵƽ緶Χıĸ֣ƺھһδϴơ
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ĹѨΧʮﷶΧѾפֹκ˽Ѳַ磬ַɾԽפĹѨ
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žһˮнʬǰ޴ֻʬúˡ
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ˮĸʴǳǿȵʬٶȳʱֻʬؿѾʴɭɭ׹ǣܿҪȫӡ
ַʩչˮɲһ㣬˱ˮԪ֮յ߱ǿĸʴԣ˵Ѫ֮ǽղ֮ˮҲ̼仯ΪС
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ַһһˮɫַȫסַ籣С


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ַħʦ֮ˮ֮ܣھ߱ǿĸʴͬʱӵм˺ԣҲЧΪˣַĿǰյǿ֮
ˮܸ֮ոֻʬ͵ַǰַһץ˹ʬһںڵĴһĹâǽâ޼᲻ݵĽâ˽â޼᲻ﲻƣޱȡ
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ͬʱˮ֮еˮʼʴâͽʬ˫֣âԽԽϣˮֵ֮ܵ⡣
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ˮ֮ܵǿԵ֮
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ǣַ̿ʼԸħ磬˪棬̣һһַ֮緢ֻǻϵħԽʬɱΪǿ
˵ֻʬĲ֮ޱȣַιֻʬǶԴǽԴֻʬǲں̵ܶʱڣ¸ԭ˵Ǽɱ
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ĹѨǸ˽λĹѨĸˣڽĹѨʱ󷨣ĹѨ֮УһͿԷֹĹѨӡ
ڣӵеۣȴЩƻˣһĹѨвõʧȥЧҲ͵Ӷµǣ󷨸ĽʬҲͱͷ˳
ҺãĹѨ󷨣õģֻһαƻˣֻһֻʬͷųĹѨĽʬȻΧĹѨ֮С
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һ·ǰһٶֻʬַɱ
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