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ߣ߶

ݼ飺
ĳĳĳһ죬ʱչ֡Խܣ칫
Ǻ̫ûٷչռ䡣Աָ
ҪУҶŰԱճǮ۶ͣ¶ʱȻĵһŽ𿨹ȥ
㿴гģⷢͷȴ򵥣һ͸ϼҹĺûᣬλȻٿƽΣǷģǸʥ֣ˣҪչҲӴΣ˼ֱӾתɶ˼ұȣԱһ߶ѵҶһ߶ȥ𿨵
ԷԼҶҲûջֻ΢Цſ
ףûûдԽǰҲɣֵҲߣƻһЩģԹԣʮڲⲻɾԱȻڷһת
ҶЦˣע⵽Աʱ۾ˡ
뿴ⲻһҶ鳡͹ٳˮ


Ш ֵĲ
ͷʹѣ
Ҷҵúܣһ׶ʹ˰Կÿһνȥ
оƤأҪȴǰ첻
ϡǵԼԴһӣ֮ͼǲˡ
ʱҶ棬ܶӰģûзģһ㣬Ī档
ƺһţһƪŹֿڵĹģǿй䵽Ժ֮С
ʲôҶĪҵϣʲô飿
¶֮Уƺ˺ܶˣҽԺĸ߸ɲһʲô˾ܹģеһжʾţҶڲͬ
ΧˣˣԼ֮ʲô
ҶȻܹо˵Щʲôȴ֪Ǿ˵Щʲô
Ҳ֪˶ãҶǱ֮еЩӰԼһŪó˯ҲоΧ顣
ԼԼ˯״̬ҶоԼУ̲һּǿȻûоѣȴѾСơ
һ죬׾ѵĻ䶼Ϊ֮𶯡


1 ͷһƹĲ
1990121գǣۺֲ
϶ݸĺöһ˵ĲҶˮţƤɳ棬ضҶ˵
һϺɫ׵ŮӣһֻӹطҶǰϣȻֽؽװ𿪡
·ǣҶȻLVıʶɵЩⶫѾ𣿡
ϡǵã·ǵĵһר꣬괺󣬲ھǿģ֮Ļаᡢζ͹CDȹʶʱƷơ
ôⶫϡ
ҶֻµLVǮЩ
϶̫ɣҶ§Щ¶ƯŮӣЦʵ
١ǧͶëأοǴҶܵܵĻǱ˻ɣҶЦһ£˿ҶԵŮӣõȷƯɫСƤµ棬һҸӳ£漸ſӶɢţ¶Ϻɫİֱ£ѩ׵ļǴĿĵذ塣
ŮƺĹ飬ҶĻɫЩ΢΢ط죬ŲﶼһЩǳǳķۺɫ
ҶŮһֻۣǾƺһЩ죬ȴ벻ʲôط
˵ʵڵģҶȱǮһֻLVǮȻҲǼֵƣȴеҶҴٵݵλ
ҶãҶҲôһֻǮŪϵܡ
統ȻôС򿪿Ҷ§Ůӵϸ֫һִֻĳµײ̽ȥƺදһŮе
ҶԴǮʱЦҡҡͷǡ˰
ȻոµǮ棬пͬոµĺһԪ󳮣ĸͷ͹£һ֪һǮ
ҶҴٵֱʣȻǲС
Ҫ֪ȥҵְƽʣнҲǧңϸߵĺҵܹﵽǧӣǷǮֽ𣬾͵˼ͨ˺üˡ
ֻǮҲˡ
ÿһſʮ϶ʡŵҲܶԴһˡҶЩȻ˵
Ҳе̫ˣҪҰ֪ˣ϶һҶЦ
಻࣡Ҷ˵ֵԼˣǮˣܿ϶㣿ҪһҶϳ¼ӣҿҪԴġ´лᣬҪһ
٣¶ôϴ㻹ǲҪ֮ӣˮǻءҶҶĻȴҡҡͷ
϶ôˣɲ㰡Ҷˣʲôʱ¶ţϳ¼ҲһϽѣôܱȵùǼңҪˣԼҶҶô˵ЩУ϶ȻͲȴľų棬Ҵҳ̫үЩ˼ˡ
٣㲻ҶûбҶĻս⣬ҡͷһӣ治Ǹ˴ܵʱϴմй飬Ȱ㻹ͣһãۼƵ˼ϡ
ôأôһ˵ҶЩˡ
൱أҶҲһصͷش
ҶҶһӣȻǷǳڱԼأֻεɽˮ꣬һʰǡˣȥϵЪһҸŮ㡣
ԼȥˣƫƫҪңɩĻô˵Ҷһε
ô˵㻹֪ҶЦţ§ŮӾ뿪ˣٳŵʱ˵һ֪㲻ϲŮӣҸһ崿椶
Ҷ뿪Ҷɵҡҡͷĵ޿ɾҩˣҶָϣǸԼѹ࣬ͷ۰
뵽Լһ֮ǰĵͷһƹҶҲһЩĸоһƹȻǽԴһբţľԺ֮г֣ͺԼ֮ļʮʱһ㡣
Ҷһ֮УȨ㳯Ұ
ҶүҶǬǵ׳У˾ǱѧıҵͶʴ֣ܣһǳ۳ս彫֮ڹҪŸ˾ãȴϸ÷ˮȴҲһζѻ
ҶҶүҶͬǾʱѾǾί׳ίλȨء
ҶүҶǬӶŮǾ֮еҪ
˵߶ȴֻжϴҶѾʮ꣬ѾɼҵԼмʲǧĹ˾һڹĻĻҵ˾Ǿˡ
Ҷʱʮ꣬ڸ꼶Ҫٸ߿ĳɼһܲҶ˵ϣ
һǰҲҵۺֲ棬ϳ¼ҵӳѧġѧ䣬Ҷ˳ͻ֣öҶɩѩ⣬Ҷؼңǡ£Ͷ֣ǽϳ¼ҵӸˡ
û뵽ǣѧĵһӰгҶֵǰҶܣԼԴ氤һƹʱˡ
¶֮Ҷϴϳ¼ҵĳҲܾСȻҲͷ֮һȴֻһλǳԶûҶҵıôȥѾȥǰ׳˵飬ǰƽ¶
ϳ¼ҵӣϼӹ˵Ҫ¡
һƹĺȴҲǺأֻһѣȴԶֱӸıҶʶӶʮ֮Խ˻
ҶߵһһƪŹֵġ൱ԶӰ졣
Դȥ괺ĵһ粨֮󣬹ڵηΧһЩ΢ȻӴһĿȻǰķ籩ȴһЩ˶ɵζ
һŲ̽䣬΢ʱڣĲģѾؼʱһ䶨Ȼʯ쾪һ㣬ЩʰƣЩҪȻճ
һµУҶһֱڷ˼֮УҶҵķչ֮·Ӧǳ⣬ֻҲû뵽Ӧôĸ֣䲦ҷ
ϾҶҵĺܶ飬߲㻹ҶүӺҶүӣҶҶ˵ϻϸҶˡ
˻Ŀ𣿺Ȼûеġ
Ҷڳ˼֮Уŵ̧ͷʱֻſڴһλ޳ĶʮһҵŮ֮ˣױȣɢĴ㷢ŮԵĽģֻȴҶ֮󣬾Щɵ˽
ۺֲֻһҲ⿪ŵĸߵӹϽǼݲһ˵ֻԽʩΪʩһ٣K跿ɣԡưɡϰɡҡӾݡͳ׷ҡȵһӦȫԹӲ
ȻҶǰҲۺֲıȴûʹֻԼ֪֮ϰƺоȽϴ
ȻҲǺģھ濪ôĳӣûǿӲĺ̨֧֣ǲܵ顣
ʹҶļĶʮ䣬ۺֲҲѡ
ҶʱҶҲû˵ʲôİȫǺܵλġ
лӣŮҶЩȷصʵ
ţҶüëӦһ


2 תл
лӣ楿Ҷʱһ¡
û뵽ԼҪλҶӣȻǸģԲᳬʮꡣ
Ҷ൱ģ̳ҶҵĸߴʹͳںĸѻϷŮӵò˵˧һͿ楳֮£ҲһЩĿѣƵĸо
極˧ȻҲ٣ֻҲ˧ܵԡ
ֻһμ˴£楲ò˱˵Լ壬ȡһ
֮УƵľֲ٣彻׵Ҳ٣ܹӴȨȴ٣ۺֲеһһЩ߹ӵǾĳϵµ÷㣬Ƕ֤ΪǣߵĶ󣬾Ǹ߹ӵܣ
ֻû뵽λҶᣬ÷Ļһ˿ɡ
ôСǸ߹ӵܣڼʲôλ
˵ȻЩ滨Ƶأǻ˼ҲҶһڣָԼ⣬ǿסģϾ飬ǻǮܹġ
ţҶɵؿɳϣȷֵúܿȻ峺ȴż֮¶һ˿
ҶһУ楾Ȼеһ˿вɵЩ𾪣Ҷĸ߹ӵݣһЩģ¾Ǵ˵еȨϢɣ
ֱӰ˵
Ҷ͡л֣ĻƺҲǺܴ󣬾ȻҶ楶ˣ˶ΪԷԼڵȵˡ
÷㰲ҹġҶע֮£ȻһЩ޷ֱҶĵشȥԼĽ¡
ȻǴǵۺֲ棬ȴů紺
楴һǳɫĥɰţװȴûд£ֻǼһͬأܹסȸڶȹ棬ǰϸۿóˮһ˫޳ȣȴǴһ˫ǹɫϸ߸ЬȲߣԵúʱС
Ҷ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼ極Ľֺͷ÷ǳȴûȾɫԵ÷ǳӴ۵Ǹ˼֡
ֿһòüĿ㣬泯죬ûмԷΣҲȻĽɫȻ£޼䣬Ҳ൱ڡ
ҶԵͷаٴŮδŮӣǲ֪ҶǴʲôطģ
÷㣬ŮˣҶ֪ģǵۺֲ֮ˣЩҶڵۺֲҲ÷ţǳꡣ
°ɡҶԼԱߣ˵
ô˵ⶼҶһƬ⣬ҶҲ൱˳ۣһЩøУȻų
˵ǰʱҶҲǳֳϣлŮ֮£ų⡣
ο¶ҶͣҶҲûʲô벻ͨġ
ԴӱԴһƹ֮ҶԺͶ˺ܶණһʱ֮޷ҲȽƣʱȻ崿һŮЩĶ
һǲ崿ҲǸԼһҶ
ЩҶӡ
ҶθߴȻֻϸȴѾһװ˵ӣһ߶ĸӿ˵ˣҶǰȻЩࡣ
Ҷϸһ֫΢楾͵ĻС
ǰ¶𣿡Ҷһ±ӣŴϴȻ㣬ҵţûʲôζ極֫ҲǱͦԼද֮£ûзȷǱЩ
Ůȷʵûʲô顣
ûûСȻ極ӽ󾱵ϸëը¶ڿ֮еļ棬Ҳһϸܵɳӡ
Ҷһ˫֣ƺħһ㣬ԼӲŪ楱Щʧ
Ǵûоܹ楸оԼڲϵ׹䣬ҪҶָ޵Ԩȥ
極ķӦҶҲЩ⶯һֻ֫һֻѾţȹ̽˽ȥֻһƬЩ΢΢ĳȻһһ̽ʪ˻
ôһöҶԼУЩӲģǵߵƲãеЩ嶯
Ҷ֣極Ӱ˹ƽԼϣֻ۽գ˫ü΢֮ԺΣ㽫촽ȥǺ촽֮ȡ󣬲ĥš
極Ĵ֮һƬհף֪ͱҶͷ˷ߣֻһͷ˽סԼͷţһԵĳζȴûиоʲôԳܵζ
ҶʱҲΪ飬תƽڿɳϣ⿪Լߵ˿ӣȥ
極鼫ΪţȻϵ˻ôһֽȻЩų⣬˫Ƚز£һ
Ҷ˼ΣǹܴɣǲӲģֻôĻζеˣЩõʵ÷û̸𣿡
ļ۸ΣҶҶûȤ֪һ÷ʱŮӻģʲô飬ѵ˵ҶҴٵֵۣûɣ
⡭Ҷô˵ʱһ
楼飬ǻǮܰƽģҲһ·ӽ߹ӵܣ÷˵ĺԷܹӹɵġ
ֻǶԷ۽ܸߣֲȱǮϲõ޷Ǿȹӵµô¶ˣ楼飬Ǿ֮͡
뵽楰̾һЩԹ԰ֻԹԼձȴؽ˫ȷˡ
²ƶҶ極ţȹȥڿʱ򣬾һ䡣
Ҷᴩ極ʱ򣬸еһ谭üͷһ£û뵽ԭװҲֻԥһ£ͦ룬µ極һ˼ʹࡣ
Ъ֮Ҷ極һԶѩ飬Ϲŵһ壬ЩʵǼƷĹ񣬾ƾⶫҲֵʮӦǴҹô飿
ʵϴӸղŵһ彻֮УҶͷ⡣
ȻڱԼ֮У極ıҲǳأǽܹĳַȴֳ˹ߣìܵıֻ֣˵ͨŮô򵥡
ղҶҲע⵽ϵ£ҲҪǧǮ򵽡
ףʵ㲻ʲôǮˣŴƵ£һ׼ǧȻʲôǶŮӶԣֶͶ룬ۻһǳֲ֡
ҶȻеЩŮӣΪʲôֵطԼתлأ
ۡ
С㣬𡭡
Ҷɻ֮䣬ȴͻȻ˽ȵźͺ


3 ϴ˵ĺ
ĶҶ楶еЩ㵡
Ҷ㵣ΪۺֲһǱȽװȫģôɧŵ飬û
楴㵣ȴΪ÷Сŵ
ۺֲί߹ӵܣҪ⣬Ȼ÷ṩ·ӣǣߴŵģȴ÷СţϾ÷ڵۺֲ⣬ڸ߼㣬ȥЩƤ顣
ۺʲôʱʲô˶ĵطˣҺΣҶеܲˡ
ΪӵܣڵĺɫմӰˣ¶ϲһӡ
ۺ֪ԼȻţߺȣǲҶ
СŽ㣿楲֮ܵæӦһȻץɢڵ̺ϵס
̣÷㣬С÷Ȼӡ
Ǵʱλ߹ӵܡҲĬ
ʶҶͷѯʵ
治ϵʲôСŴŵģν÷㣬Ҳֻǲ۵СѣԼǰʱ򣬶ۺֲ϶ǱȻûʲô˼ȥעӵ
Ҷ治ˣҲûж˵ʲô楼ɫˬæ͵÷СŽ㣬ҹġ
ҶͷȴЩ죬Ҷ˵ΪԼҵŮôǵۺ˰ŵģ
ǣȴѾ·վʱȴЩӷȻֻǱһҶľͷ̫㣬ǵһΣȻܴأЩж㣬վ;֮ʹȻӡ
һСüͷ
Ҷ״ɵûһЦղ楴ĸоǺˬģǾ˵𶯣ҿô¶
˹ȥŴ򿪣ͼվźüˣһʮŭվں棬߶ǰһλŮӣźɫְҵװؿڵĽʾݣۺֲš
ʲô飿ҶɫЩƵʵ
ԲſĸߴҶҲǳһ
ܹڵۺֲѵģǷǸżҲװ֮ĸ߹ȡ֣ſҶ֮󣬾;öԷƺ㣬϶ƲҲһȴǲòӲͷƤʵСǲ棿
С㣿Ҷһ£ȻʶԼ֪ŮӵŤͷȥʵʲô֣
楡һ۾ͿҶ楣ʱЩ㡭ô찡ˡ
ڵۺֲҲǹߣ۹⻹еģһ極ӣ֪Ѿλĸߴ˸ˣʱн֪Ǻá
СŽ㣬ʲôˣһͷˮ֪ʲô顣
ǿ˹ͼŵɫ԰ףƺǷʲôµһ㡣
ôӣҲǸ˵ֵ𣿡Ŵʱͷ綷ԼλлӣܿΪʱЩսľ
ǵ䰡楴ʱҲýɵӣŵ˼Լ񣬽ˡ
찡ô飿極Դ˵һӾʹˣ
ǰһϴּ䡭ˡ
ǰһϴּ䣬楲ûн޳ȥˣ
㲻лӣ˭楺۾ҶҪ޳ˡ
֮Ի޷ǾΪȡһڽȴŪôһҴ˶󣬻Լᰡ
лӣҲʶ棬û˵илҡҶк楣ʱ׹ˣԭҴˣֲԼǴҹ㣬ô飿
ǣҶҲе棬ǼҾʲô飬ҪԼδı׳֮
㡭ءˣ;һתĸоһεȥɳϣͷʹ
վſڵˣɫЩ˹
ллҵģ֪ϵģĺţ˿Ҷ֮г˻ҩζ
л棬ˣҵŮ極òţ˵ҳ֮ˣ˻Ŵ߶ߥ÷㣬飬Ҫõ楡
ۿ¶ͳˣ楶ͻˣȴķˣӴлŭѾ޷̣Ҫ̽һ̽ԷĵϸͶִˡ
лҵҪҵȻھǣǻһҴ󻪹˾ڽó׷ӰСлȴǾǾֵܶӸܶӳʮɲڵϵֳ棬˭˲֪ĸ
ҶĻȻڳԣ˵棬û˵илңôܹеŭڣ
ŶлҡҶЦЦû˵
Сʲôͷ⣿лû֣һ࣬Ƣȴǻ𱬵ĺܣлӳԱ񣬶ʱˣһѾҶ˹
ǸĿͷ󣬲ܶҶһ룬һǵ֣Ҷ϶͵ˤ
Ҷܹ֣ϳ¼ҵӴһ£мǾи֣ҲûҶԱֻǺΪڻϴҶͷϰһƹ
Ҷһž˹ȥǸ¡
ǸһţʱŶӶȥʹصڵϡ
л۾̾ͺˣһȭҶ˹
СлûܹǱ˰Լе楸ˣֱԷӣԼĸˣ飬лӵϻʲô棿
ҶôһӵܣܹĶ֣
һ˹ȥлҽŷ˳ȥײ˶ǽϣ֮ڵϵ˺ü£ŴԱ߶¥Ϲȥ
Ա߶һʱѾɵˣȾܣҲ˲˵Щʲô
㡭㡭´ˡŴʱɫˣͰ͵ָҶ˵֪֪㾿ʲôˣ
Ҷʱƽ󵶽ɳһȵʵŶ˵˵лңʲô·
ˡŴʱᣬͷߣȥ÷㣬ܲܰƽ顭
л㲻ʲôлҵҲԲǣлСлΪǾܶӵĸܶӳʵȨȴ˵ľģ뵽лҶĲ״ŴʱֻϣϽҵ÷㣬и׼
л֪£ӹĻۺֲҪ߲˶ߡ


4 ڴſ
϶оаɣҶ§ǸŮӣӶķ˹ЦУȴеͷףôˣ
ҶչͷҶ߶ĴųţҶɳ棬ŶȣԱ߶һţװŮӣͷš
ô˼ûйҶ̾ͷ⡣
˼ҶҶŵŮӣҲҶĻֹ˾¼˵ĸ֣൱Ϊ˳л϶ҶҶ᲻źˡ
Ͼ˼껹дѧͶδѣҶһ˼ԥ˺ܾ֮󣬲ǿӦ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôԭ˼ͻȻҶĸӣȻûй
Ϊʹߴ楣Ҷ˴ҶҵŮӣ˷˹ϵ
ϴҸûʲôϵǺ˼ŮӲǳʱҶͨеĹؼɵЩЦá
飬ֻ˵極ã̫á
ܱҶҵӵܣҳɹصõҶע⣬Ҳ˵ʲôһ״ˣֻ˵Ūˡ
С㣬Ҳ˱ݣҶĳ˻ǸεġҶ極ıظţǳض˵
ǽǮףĻͱǴҶŮӣҶҲԸĨ˦־ߣڵе⣬Ҷòһ˼Ůӵĸܡ
Ȼ֪Ը楣ΪʲôδıлҶҲܹµóҿ϶˴飬òļѾ
ء楴ʱҶĻ޵øӾˡ
飬ʵ˲Ҫȥ뷨԰ϡͿ˲˵ҶӰԼҪлҹӸˣҵ飬ô죿
ҶԱ߶һͷˮֻǾ϶ߵŮӣȥҲ൱Ц˵٣϶УôչˣܹҵƯŮӣǺǡ
ҶҶһ۵磬ͱ˵ˣСʧԼҪһݶΣ˵ҵʧ˭⣿
ҶҲеͷ¶ŪãģһҪ˼СѾͷȻҵĸӣǿ벻̣
¶ҶͺջȻݣԸñֶν⣬˵õˣеŭȻ޴й˼Թء
ǸҶǸŮӱȽɫһԷȰοʲô
뿪Ϊãʡɩ֪ˣҪܡҶ˿ۺ׵楣ЩεضҶ˵
١ô˵ɨ˵ġҶҡҡͷ
ҶѩĴѧѧã죬ҲǸ˼ңѩĸģǽʡ̽
Ҷѩ֮ҲֻܲҶӱȽѣϲ飬ѩ֪ģȴҲһЩ޿κΣܲʱʱ̶̿
ҶҲر𳶵棬صʱ򣬶ŻǷǳģ곡ϷеģŪٳ棬飬;ԲᣬҲǶѩλһֱ֤
Ҷôһ˵ҶҲȥ⡣
ֵǰţҶǸŮӣǷ楸š
ʱ楣ҲãȻĺܣ֪ԼӦúȥδӣһߡ
Ҫ¥ʱ򣬾ͼۺֲļ˴Ҵҵظ˹
Ҷ٣Ϊ׵һʮ߰˵źɫŮӣҶ֮󣬾ʹ˸к
÷㣿ҶһۣЦʵôпն
Ů񻣬͹£̶Ҳ൱欣һζǵۺֲĸ÷㣬ʱָҶ楣ֹز֪˵Щʲô
λǡ÷㿴һҶҶѯʵ
ҵܵܡҶǳ򵥵ػش
÷֮϶ʱЩɫղŴ˵ģҶ٣
Ҷˣʱ۾һҪҽֻ۾ҵܴܵˣ
Ҷʱ΢΢һЦһǱȽϰģҲȽϻ̣ȻһЩҲΣԻܲҵ۹ǲģԼϵϷ׬Ǯ
ںֻܶᵹĵĶӵ˵ҶǿҪǿ˺ܶࡣ
÷Լ֮У֪ҶһЩģֺӵܣ˵ǲ𣬾ǵۺֲĻϰ壬Ҳǲġ
ǴлҵĹӣлǾǾܶӵĸܶӳ÷㲻òҶ˵һ£ԷͷҲܴ
ЩֳԣµľǾַˣҪ֪ЩҪҵ鷳Ļ鷳δؾС鷳ϣӰ쵽ֲʱһǿɾͲԸˡ
ʲôлңû˵ôһл϶˵𣿡ҶǸҶһģһ
Ҳѹ֣վҶҵĸ߶ܹ۵ĶָŴ󻧣Ȩһʱĺɫ壬ʲôл֮СķŲǵС
Ҷһ̯ЦŻشϴ㶼֪һѧʲôֻ֪ڷĺúõģһ˳ͼ죬ȻֻˡҪʲô죬ҹߵڰףǱȻǾ˹ᡣ
϶ô˵Ļҵúúһ룬ܲܳ˿ɣҶһЦְȡƶ绰ʼţãҸ϶ڵۺأţ϶˴ˣԷ˵ҪҾץǣϲˣٲǣҪˣţ˵ʲôлң˭֪ʲôƨͨĶ˵илģǾǾܶӵʲôܶӳǵĿɽţˣ
Ҷ˵ش绰Ҷ˵϶˵˼Ŷǳȥ
ʲô˼űүҶҡҡͷ
˵ҲǡҶҲЦЦ
˼ߣ÷ȴǲǣֻںš
ôһԴ֮ȴЩ֪λһһ͵ֵʲôͷȻѾǾܶӵĸܶӳ
ѵ˵Ҳָ߹ӵܲɣ
˼֮䣬ҶͻͷһۣȻ˵Ҹط˵˵ҵ顣
ĸ˻û߳ȥڵۺֲĴŴ˼Ҷסˡ
ʮȫװֳ̾ۺֲĴŸסˡ
٣ǲġҶҴҶˣŭЦ
ˣҶҴٶûĳˣľų棬Ȼ˸Ļ룿
ڵˣ治֪ʲôӿ湻ġҶҲɵ̾˿


5 лԱ
˵л˸ˣھ沼һлʱŭŶʮȫװֱ̾ۺֲɱˡ
ոߵ·ϣл;еڡ
̫嶯һЩлʲôУΪõлȻҲ˽ġ
лڽʡǺģһ綼ھ棬ҲвСһݶҵлΪлҵΨһӰˣȻⲻʢ
˭֪˾ǲ£ǳ˲ǷǣһΣѾǵκлȳ
ǰΣǲ飬лȻסһӦҲ⣬ϾǾܶӸܶӳݣʮɲǺܻ˵ġ
лȻ뵽һ⣬ôǣԼֲϵظƨɵĻջһʲôĽһµ竹ӵĵ
ôĻ϶ǲ׵ġ
ת֮䣬л˾͵˵ۺֲĴſڣȴҶ뿪
С㣡лһл֮󣬾˹
Ҹأлüͷʵ
ȥҽԺˡү¥Ϲ˵ĲᣬţҪȴСشָŸո߳Ҷ˵˵ǸѾˣĸ߸ߴһ
лѾȥҽԺˣͷðһɻһڣߵļ̾˵ǹȥǼ˴ʻ
ǣл̾̾Χȥ
ʲôأҶһĴүƢˣ˭ûкƢ
참һ¡һ̾Ӳ˵ɫܽ
лѾͷİ֣Ҷߵ
̾е㶣˵Ҳ֪֪ΪʲôҪ¶
ס̾˭ҵĹ֮֮ȥ껹һûУҶָͷŶԷؿڽѵ
˭ǹ̾ʱŭˣȥҪȭߡ
ҶȻƣȭŹʵڲô
ž
Ȼһǹҹļž
е˶ͣЩ֪ʲô顣
žɫĿ˹аԲװʿӳͻǹ̾ͰǸΧˡ
ʲôл״ʱ󾪡
һУӳ˳һٽ˳
׳ãл߹ٽֱͦӾ˸
̫ˣ֪ԷԼұŤģлҲûʲôƢ
ʮĴôˣڽǰһȨûУ
ٽԼĪʮӣһݣлҲû˵ֱӾͰˣֱҶҶ
壬̫ʱˡҶһ
һЩĻҶչҲᱻñס
ͳֻ֣˵ôһ仰תȥ
ҶٺһЦҶ˳ȥһüա
֣Ҷ뿪û˵һ仰
лž˿뿪˵һ䣬նӡ
лһ̾вʵ˵ҪҪһۺֲ
ò׳һ˶ȴ޹Ūһͷ̾ϱϾ޹ʣôҪۺһҲǳһڶŶԡ
ʲô飬ۺ˵ܲģлһͷҲصˡ
楽еϺ£֪ô˵źá
ԭǰź˵飬ȴΪԼߴ˷䣬˱ʣΪһûָˣȴû뵽ϴһλƺǸлӵͷ
ĳһֱų˳ǣɽ˺ü֮󣬽һƬ
Ȼҹɫ֮Уǵƻ𣬻ܹ楿Щڲͬ
һƬľӳ֮УЩȺǱסһ㣬Ǵӿиӣδؾܹһ˿ߣҲֻϤ·ˣܹͨЩɽ·ҵط
ڱؾ֮·ϵЩڣȴԽκͼƬȺĲ֮ͣ赲⡣
ȨȻһܹġ
̾˿֪һε飬Լԣζʲô
ʮӣӿ˵ͷ˷׷³
楻ͷһȴЩ뿪ˣֻʣüգǼˡ
ǰһڣʮ뺷˰أ֤֮˷С
楿ǰһζ·ѵҪô߹ȥʱ򣬾ͼһԵĳ֮УϢؿʮεĵƿȵͣǰ


6 ѣ˰
ܣȥүү㡣ҶҶ˸к͸һ뿪ˡ
Ҳ߰ɡҶĿȥȻŶ˵
˵ƿ֮楺ȻеЩȻӦǾǶԼ֮ˣһ֪ûС
µҲֻиȥʲôϸ
ʱҶǾ͵˵طһһ㣬ͻͻĲۣṹҲЩϾɣ߽ȥ֮ŷ֣ж죬
㾿ʲôˣ楽˷̲֮סʵ
һ·֮ϣ楶ûлȥҶֶ֪
ҶЦЦɳϣ
һԵĴϣ˺˼ҳֽ򵥵ɨۣȻЩȵؿ˵ʮľѧ˶ʿ
ңһ£û뵽Ҷڲ֮䣬ȻѾչ˵顣
뵽˵صľ־¶ǱȻģôܽɭϵĸߵһȨƼܹסĵط
̸ϵ飬ֻ˽ѡҶҡҡͷǴֽϵݡ
楣ʮ꣬ྩѧҵʮͿྩѧֱӿȡѧ˶ʿոձҵһ߶ȡʿһ߶ʼּҵĹ
極ļ壬ྩΧҲǵҵ壬ʱҲʮ֮䣬極ĸ쵱ѧۣңͶʷزóɹתػڵطչڣھҲǺʵ
ϧǣ㣬ѧȻ˵棬ҲķչЩмūϥظЩСǴ򽻵
ҵҵ˵⣿Ҷüͷʵ
ǵġ楺Ȼһֱӵĸо
ȻʵڵۺԭҲйأǵҶ˵֮極棬Щ
ʽˣҪǮҶͷʵ
Ҫǧ򡭡ǣҪⲻʽ楺ȻҶһЩڴλ׾پܹһλٽԼǵľҶҿ϶Ҳ˲õܹҵ⡣
ʽ𣬻Ҫٷ˳棿Ҷ̧ͷʵ
ǵġ楿ҶЩɻ֪Ҷͨʲô֪˹Լ飬ǺȻܹô̵ʱֻͨһ֣͵õôϸϣȷʵ˲á
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲô
楿ϰµġ
ǧʽ𣬲һСĿȴ޷ҶԣҪķȱٹٷҲ֪ˣǷܹ⣿
ЩִٵŶҶؽţȹԼĴȣͼЩȹӣƽ˳һЩ֮䴫ʹУ˵ղһ顣
ҶѾǳȥҲɱʹܵ˺һ˺
Ҷ飬ż̧ͷ極ʱ򣬾Ϳ΢üͷԼȻˣʲô
ţܶ࣬˯Ҷ˵ԡҺܷ㣬ȥϴһϴɣȥȡ˯¡
ʱҶȡ˯¡
楽ԡ֮󣬷ҶûиСĵؽŹϣȻͷԡ췢飬極Ҳܸӣ˵ʲôζ
һһ֮˵ƺҲ˱仯ͨЩɵؾӣ楿ԼƺЩ㲣滨ָоָˮĨȥ־еԼЩ΢΢ĺΣһַĴ飬ǰûйġ
ˮϴʱһɹɵˮ£ϴŸովһϴشȻеɫĺۼҲ԰ļֻ֤ԺҪˡ
ұŮˡЩʧ
ʱҶڿϣƺµĴ
極г˺棬ȴǲҶʣصˣҲ֪ӦԳֻһϣϣ漣ܹ֡
㡭иѣҶ楳üͷʵ
⡭ǵġҶĻɫЩѿЩ΢΢ʹǡֻͬѧûʲôġ
֪Ҷͷ
楿ҶһȻı飬ͻȻ΢ŭ⣬Ȼ֪ˣԼôӱˣ
˰ɡҶȻ˵



7 Ծ
˰ɡҶȻ˵
ʲô楱ҶӰ쵽飬Щ㱣һ仰֮ͻȻ֮ûзӦ
˵Ǹѡ˰ɡҶ˵

㡭ҶùһСҩ䣬ݸ楡
ʲôЩãȻ
˿һ£ϵҩҶشȻһ۵Ұҩ
ˣԼͿԡףǺ
Ȼ¶楶Ҷһ֪ôæҩ˽ܵλϡ
楶㵽˷ȥ˽ܴҩҶ·Ĵ棬ʼоҵ顣
ϵ飬Ǹˡ
極ĸ죬һ뷨ѧˣͳϵ̡
˵һֱ۷չĻܾܿͲĿǰ⡣
˵ҵΣ֣ȥҲһĹϵ
Ϊȥ괺֮飬ڵξһЩ΢ĸɵĶԲ㣬һƬ˼ĸ˳̧ͷŷ˼֮з񶨸ĸɹͷ˼
£ҵļĿʱͣٵС
ôһԭеͶʽ¶дҲʼսļ󣬶ӪҵѹѾ͹֡
һдӪҵ˵տ񳱣ܶ˿ʼùˣ߽ҵת߹ͣ߾Ϊʲ
֮ܶһ飬ǾǸĸһβۡ
Ҹպøϵ˼ϣԲһε顣
ΪŮ楣Ȼܵ˼ٵΣ֣ȴȱӴϿǵʶҲоһε飬Ǵʽ濼ǣԽ
պôлҵлżȻ֮󣬶Ⱦָ֮ģֵ֪ٵѣͨϵϵ楣ҪʺͰҴͨؽΪնõ極塣
ȴϣ֮£ǱҶ
ʱ極ϸҲ˹
Ҷϸ֮󣬶ӡֺ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱҲһЩ뷨
̹˵ҵⲢ󣬲ǧʽѣʣ˽˲⣬׽ҶҵĽһ¶װ죬鱳ǣĸӹϵҶе޷ȥǡ
ȥ괺ļ׮¼֮󣬹ڵĸĸ׳ͬ־»ش죬˹ڵķչȨͻȨһʱʢ
µ׵ʱϵͳҪ쵼ڡձġڷʲ׼ɻҲھʮʵ⣬ʱ廯ĸĸĸ
ѡȡƻãʵгʱ廯ĸĸ
ϵͳǵĺ࣬۵ȻռҪأȷʵúܶ˸еãһֱ꽫ĸо
ĳ֮Уʱձ糤ʵӦΪŬһµĹ۵㣺йڿԤδš˫񡱣ǡ׼ȫ潨衱ֻȷͽн׼ִܱ֤ҵʺͷ򣬲ٽķչ
ϰվôηˣȫɵϣٶ۵ҲаɻǹҵġýΪġǲǾʹ˱ˡġ
Ǳֽϻи˺µĻأϡϡʶ̬ϰ׼Ľ׼ȥеסⲻǡ۶ʲ׼ȫרôôʮǰѾɨصĶ־ˣ
һ⻹ûд𰸣µ⡣Ҫ쵼¡ڷʲ׼ɻձ糤ֺͨһ棬쳣
˵ǧʵֻشһ⣺йЩʲ׼ɻˣûоϵĸԴûһ־ϵ֧ǣ
ͨϰտһˡ
ĻȥôˣйѾϰý׼ķ۲ңֻƶ¸ˣ뵽ǵĸԣȻпܲʲ׼ɻӡ
¿Ͳӽš
λҪ쵼֣صرʾʲ׼ɻľøԴйڳֵв׼˽Ӫҵ͸廧
ôһҪ˽Ӫҵ͸廧ǣȫŵùꨡ
ȫĸ廧һ300ң˽ӪҵҲдԼһšϰ׷׾ߣ˱ɨسţһȫû˹
⵹һЩ˵Ըǵ룬Ըû¸ɣҲܱʱҰǡسԶ࣬ܶ
ʧҵʮ֮˾ԭũ񣬱ͲʧҵͳƷΧЩ˼ﻹмĶأֻصϣЩȻ̻ڳеĴϡ
˵ǡЩˡʵкüȫµġ
Ӧ˵ľ棬ڵ۵кܴĹϵ
極ĸ죬ʵһ¼ĳ֮꣬ԲŻ鷳
ҶҲЩᣬҶҳֲʲô£ȴҪ˱һ̬ȣָ֧ĸɣֱ֧ɣ
Ϊ⣬ҶүҶǬĳĬȷʵȽѡ
Ϊʵһվӵ⡣


8 װʲôʥŮ
ӦѡأҶ¶楳󣬶ûв
վҶ󣬿ŵЩֽϵݡ
ϵϸ̶ȣ楸еǳȣû뵽Ȼϸµؽ˹ɣԶڵ֮дҪḻöࡣ
оõ𣿡Ҷͷѯʵ
š極˵ͷ¶ʵеݣҶȴֲòشеЩᡣ
ͣһҶʵҹޣ˻᲻еЩ֣
ƽʱסѧУ档楻ش
ѾʼӴ񣬵Ȼڶȡʿѧλ֮Уƽʱ󲿷ʱ䣬סѧУ棬һ㣬ҲǱȽӦռ䡣
һ֮ŮǸǶδ׷Ժɡ
ǵǷˡҶ˵ͷ
һ֪ʲô֡鸴ӵؿҶ˵
ѾʵԵĹϵȴ֪Է極ȷʵЩڣƺҲ൱ӴӰ쵽ĸ߼졣
ȻҲǸһǸ˵ǲֵ
ҽҶҶӵҶĿҶ֣رʾ
Ҷ֮󣬺ȻЩЦŷʵСɵΨһˣ
һЦ紺ˣҶҲɵûһ¡
ʲôģڲ𣿡ʵ
棬Сʲôģֵһᡭ⣬Ҷ쵹û¶ʲô
𣿡ȻţǼҶƺش⣬ҲͲ
ҵ飬һ˽Ҷĥ˰죬ܵøһȷĻػĻ治̤ʵָʲôɵ¶
һε飬ȻлôһҪ֣ȴô׵ģлǴƭӵģ˭֪楾ȻϵˣҲ֪ʿôȥģ
ҶõУм׮֤ȷʵھ÷ЩسĻҶ治ţʿƾʵһһġ
˷ַ˯˵Ҷã˵楲ᣬҪӲϵĻҪϼˣָңңˡ
ѹʱѾŵӣϴ֮󣬾ͷҶѾˣȴһžװŮӣĴʰ֮ʹ˸кȻ˵˷Ҷ뿪ʱ򽻴˵˻ѧУ
¶Թ˷ȻžװŮӽ˳ӣԽͻ˱ѧ
žƶĽںȥ極Ŀò˻
һ𣿡極гã뵽⵱пǷƬиҶӰλ͹쵼ˣĶ׳楾мû뵽ԼȻǵòݹϵܲ˵ġ
ҶԸĻҵ治⡣
ֻǣȴ֪Ҷûн˼档
ϾĴԣԼһϦ֮Ķѣ뵽²ɵЩȻʧҡҡͷ߻ѧУ
ͿҩЧʱ楸о·Ѿûʲô󰭣ֻżĦ֮䣬ȻһЩĸоӦ
ӱѧУţʿᣬң楸ո˼˸֣ǿ
룬ôûл˵˽Ĺãҵ㵽ʮһ˯֣뿴楣ЩԹض˵
ţе飬ͷҰø㡣極ͷ˸кȻԼ·
ǿ۾極ϸ˺óʱ䣬;極ı֣ʵǺ̫ˣ˵òǸûӱȽϡ
ң֣˵極ļƺҲȽǮһǮ
椶ôûбҸأǿеĸо
ѧУ棬ҲǺвģǰѧһ赸ùУڴĽֻר÷棬ⷽûнȥ赸ҲкܴĳϢ
˵жһֱ׷ѣû¶ǿ뵽У԰ԣŮ֣֤
ʲôɫȻеϵҲ˸˾ǳþһ㣬֣ܿһǿǳע極ҲеЩ͸ˣ۽أҹǴŮ
٣ˣǿƲƲûղŽĳ𣿾ƶĿˣҹţͱ˸ӵϣӣװʲôʥŮ
ļٵģûɡ֣Щʵ
Ȼû


9 ź·
楶
ߵ¥µʱ򣬺Ȼ˸׵
¥ǰС԰Уһúܴ֦Ҷïʱվ棬֡
컹ʮ꣬һ°ɫɽװȥ֮ʵȷʵһ̣˸ʵҵ֮⣬ҲĻҵĳԣֻڻ
ǰڱѧʱ˽ڣѧߣھѧнпڸУĺѧȽϲĶǶ࣬ʵ٣Ծº̣ʵԼû뵽ȴҵƸ
һΣͻΣʹҵķչشۿҪһ棬Ƿǳصġ
ְ֣ôˣ楸еЩͻȻ
Ȼ˵ڱѧǳϤҪ楸ϤĴǳ٣еļҲǸʲôġ
ͻȻȷʵ楸е˾ȡ
ȥˣɫӵһ䡣
ϣ楼ûлؼңʱ򣬴Ӵ֪ûл˯еһЩ⡣
ڼ䵱УŮС󣬻ûй飬ͻȻҹޣкǵǡ
Ȼ˵Ѿʮ꣬ڸĸУʼջһӣһŮӣܵܲסջʲô
š極۾Уһ˿ңǺܿ
ϣְ֪顣
ҲûϣȥӴˣøµĿռ䣬ҪµģֻЩѡ
ؼ׼׼ȥۣȻתȥŮ˵
ʲôˣʱеǳȣְ֪ΪʲôͻȻİš
쿴Ů̾˿һμ飬ǺѽǰЩʱ򣬾һЩӪǱ߶зҲвĻһҸϵ˹ѧԺȥѧϰ
ǰְô죿ˣʱЩŵʵ
İƺǶҵķչ׷ˣ򲻿ľֻŮͳԼԴ
̯ӣܵʰֻǵǻܵµӰ죬δѰˣܹͦһѹء̾ϢţŮļͷ
ʵϣУԼ˵ĻҲûмΡ
ھٹһƬãǰ;δ£뵽ԼʲôΪʤĻ᣿
ý㣬ľ֧ڵҲǿһЩĸܵǵƣռ˸أӪҵķչٲά裬˵ֻԼһҵΣ֡
ְ֣ҲҪ̫ģҲתֵġ뵽˸ҶӰλкȻһϣ찲ο
ҶϳֵĻ飬治ʲô⡣
極УҲǻûʧ֪ԼҶеĵλΣǷܹΪ¶֣ȷʵһδ֪
楺͸ʱҶһЩ顣
һ磬ȥѧУ
ѧϰǱȽϽŵģȻ˵Ƶأջ極Ĵ֮ǽȴȻҪѧΪүүҶǬ顣
ҶȻҶǬҶֵഫҶ֮һֱȻһûȢȻҲûá
ֵܶˣֻϴҶүҶǬһ
ҶҵڶһŮ𲻱ǵֻжһҶһҶ
ҶѾǲ̽磬дϣҶүӺͶүӿɾͽҶеϣҶϡ
Ҷүӵ˼϶ϣҶģʣүӣϣҶӾչ죬ҪҲǺܸߣǶھٹ̵ҶңҪһˣʵʲôӵ顣
һǺģصĴʵ̫࣬ףҲ׳ͷôȴǷǳ࣬߶үӵ·ȴҲ
һ㣬үǿܶΣǾҶʼãܴܳ򣬶ҸƴҴһǳؼ
ⷽԭ򣬶үһֱڸҶүҶĹ⣬ֻҶүӵݵλȵѹס˶үӣҲֶѣңҶͻСܹܲû꣬ͽȥɣ
ĻڽķչҲǼΪģϾھҪ󣬲ữͬʱиѧҪ
ҶܹѧչȻתӷչͱȽˡ
ҶãҪ極飬ȥҶүӣһЩ



10 үӵıͨ
ҶҶүҶξί׳λȨء
˵ˣľί׳һλһǵڽӰ˼֮⣬ҶҶүӵλߣҲǾʵʻˡ
ǶүӵֶӣҶҪһ棬Ҳ൱ס
ȴ绰ҶԤԼ֮󣬲ȷ˼ʱ͵ص㡣
ԷʱҶɳҶֱӽ˸һפ÷үҶҪӲĹ˳ֶҶ
פӪ½ģȥ˺ܶࡣ
ʵϣԴȥ¶֮󣬶ԾľͶʹ˺ܶ࣬ĸƣӲͶ룬ٺʿĸҲ˺ܴߡ
ҶȥʱϳԷ
ͬҶԷģһнٽפصҪˣǴУϾΣҶǰȴһЩŲĸоһٷͳԵսսġ
һЩҶԴ˱ʾ˲ҶָЦ˵ֶӣҶ
ȻҶֶҶ˵߶ȳԷ
ҶӦһָ˵ͷʾ⣬Ǵ˸кŰҶ
˼ˣȴ̬죬λϸߵģ϶Ҷζ׳ҶǬ֮ĹϵôҶֶӣȻζ׳ҶǬĵӣ˾ĺС̫ӡ
ͨ˿ΪϢԴԵȵԵʣЩǺǾĸ߲м䣬ܶ˶֪ҶҵܴģΪүҶǬǶ׳үҶǾί׳ΪҶҵĵڶҲǳʡ߹ٲҶҵ֧Ҳǳ㣬鼰粻˵λҲȽҪ
˵׿˵ۺʵҶҵʵʵǸ֮Ϊǿġ
ҲΪˣһζʱ棬ҶҵҲǳģкԵ£ٶ
Թ֮󣬶үɢϰߣҶԺ
ںʮԶĵطš
СͰ͵ظϹңʲô飿үӵ棬ҲЩ֡
ҶȻҶҵδϣǱϾ̫СѧѣƽʱûʲôȨʵȡ˺ʮļ֮ǰڼҲûʲôʵԵĽӴҪү̸۴顣
Ϊһ㣬ҶûȥүҶǬҶүҶϾү˵Ҫ˵һЩټûãҶһǳãҪӷչԸ׽Ӵ
үүм飬æҶֱӵԼҪ
үҶƢҶȻǺģԸԶҪֱһЩȻ˵ߵλϣ϶ǸҲԼֶǰȻûбҪʲôȦӣҶҲûдʲô۶
ȻҶҶһ֮󣬾üͷȴûֱӾܾҪ
飬˵ʲô£ڵУҪôˣǲᱻץסʲôѱóͬ־Ǳ߶֪ˣǶҶҲǶүүҶһ¾˵ʲôϵȻҰæ
¶Ҳ˼ŮҸˣܼܲȣҶҲ޵ضԶү˵¶
Ҷһ֮󣬶үҶʱЦСӣĵӵǹģҪүү֪ĻǵðƤ
ûȥֱӾҶүүҶЦ˵
ҶЦ˼Ȼ˵С¶Ҫͨһ죬ܹ°ѱ
Ҷ֮Ȼͷ
ҶǺεί׳ʵʻˣȻһԣȻӦ¶ʱȻǷǳףҲõĻʲô⣬һ㣬ҶǷǳĵġ
һѣҪΪʽѶģͬʱҲһԭڵط߶ƣӪҵĿѹơ
Ҷ뷨ҪöүӴкط߶ѹôƾԼټ϶үӵı̬϶ǿԽʽģôһûʲôˡ
ǶүҶȴûôֱʸһЩ벻ʲôĵط
Ҷ˶үӵ뷨Ҳɵޣ˵Ȼϵүܹߵλϣ治ô򵥡
һ֮Ҷı죬ͽӵ˾֪ͨȥ׶˾Ҫ˵
˾ʱһͷˮ֪ʲô顣



11 
˾ʱһͷˮ֪ʲô顣
ǰУ٣Щ֪Ǻ¶ǻ¶
ҸٷȻϵ٣ھǣȴҲм˾ּԱȻɲ϶óȴҲȫ޹ϵǸ֮䣬ȷʵûʲôϵ
һ£ʲô𣿡ʵ
Уһ࣬ǷǶǮһʻһػش֪Ƿ¡
϶ʲʲôϸˣҲֻա
ʵ棬Ҳܲζ
ԭȼµʱһжȵģѣʲôţ񶼸ˮˣ񲻰ҸѹͲһ
ɣ԰ҲܹˣҲû˵ˣ
Щţȴûа취ȥ˼ңϾǾ˳ԼһǾ˾ľ١
ܹУͬʱ˵ģԲʲôС
֮ͿȻϹҵľǾ˾գҿſǰ첢ʮľУȴҲⲻһܹӵеġ
ڹ˾ʱ򣬱˴ߵġ
飬̾ڹ˾Ȼ󲨡
ϰô˴ˣʲô飿
˾ʽЩ⣬ǲǳ⣿
ٲֵطѵ˵ϰǣթƭ¼
ûô׶ɣ顭
ز˾Աܶ࣬ھܲ߶Ͷϣ⻹һЩۺ͹ְԱûϾ幤̷Щˡ
˽ôһҥԾͿʼˣԭʹڶ֮˾ʱԵҡҡ׹һý㣬ɢĸо
ʲô˴ˣôܣӹԱϢ֮𾪡
ȻûдʲôȴǷҲڹ
ڼаæʰװˣһѵ˵ҶǱ߶ˣĻôҲֲ˳˾Ͼһ涼ûдͳʲôϵ
裬Ҫ̫ģû¶ֻҲ޷ȷ྿ʲôģǰοĸ׹ضѡ
ҵҲûʲôôһε飬ڼԣһ޷Խĺ蹵ҵҵҪˡȻΪʲôҪ죬һǺģ˾ȷʵشΣ
ͬһͷˮ죬˴˾˾
ڳ棬ľǣȴǺܲƽ
Ÿڵļ飬ڿ˽ȥһƬǰͣȴһˮС¥
һۿȥͿ˹¥ſڵİ׵׺ӣڲ
ôЩ֡
ܿ죬УĴ£˶¥һ칫档
쿴һſڵƣ칫ҡ
棬ѾˡһУţ˵
洫һ˵
Ŵˣԥһ£һٵĴ£˽ȥ
칫Ŀռܴ󣬹ϰٸƽף⻹׼䣬ԵñȽϿտߵһǽƤ˸ֱǩȻϴŵĵط
߶ǽǱ߶һų׶ʵľ칫ʰúܸɾƽ̵Ĳ棬һЩƬʲôģһЩʱǰĲɫ绰ЩĿġ
칫ĺһλʮ٣ЩɫǱȽϰۣЦ⣬쿴һ£ͷϵľǣԭһλУ
ãУһ֣ȻʾҽܵҶͥڲ
Ҷá˵ͷ˸к
ڲĲӦٽζְһǴУ⵹Ǹ֪࣬λҶڲ칫棬ȴЩ֡
ڲˣʱֲĹҶͥһۣ͵һҪ̸һ̸˾ǵزĿ
һͷˮ֪Ϊʲô¶
˾ĵزĿʲôϵ𣿡Щʵ
ǰȻûйϵھйϵˡҶͥ΢΢һЦȻ֣µض˵Ҵڲʽ֪ͨΪҪ˾ǵزĿڿʼʽˣ



12 ģ
ʲôˣʱһ㵡
ôҲû뵽˾ǵزĿΣʱ̣˾ȻҲ͵鵱С
Ҷʲô˼ΪʲôҪ˾ǵزĿ㲻ȥȻЩżҪ֪ǹ˾ĿϵͶʳڣ⻹һڵдǾ޳ãǹ˾̾ͻƲǧԱԴҲ̳⡣
ٰ꣬ҽ͡Ҷ̩ͥɽʾϲ裬Ȼ˹˵ãȻԭģ漰»ܣȻܸ㽲סһģ޳á
ŶˣɫʱһЩ
ʵϣΪԭǵزĿѾеɽȻǰһƬȴ̫֣ѾܹԵȥģʽѹԼŵѹЩĲΪ̡
˵ãܸһĺô쵹Ǻܵġ
ֻǣҲһ飬ʽѹһֱȽϴ󣬾˱ȽϴĸƣҲóһǮΪõĴۡ
ȻˣǵزĿڵܹóڣһڰǧͻԥѡܡ
һڵдԼҪ֧ǧϢԼһЩ˽ʣҲǧңܹʣǧʽܹάֹ˾ͬʱжɽĻᣬϾǱ߶ԪҲܹϴóġ
Ҳܹóһϵڱĺˡ
϶ǲϰճԿġҶͥһº󣬶˵һڲյͬһ£û飬ǩ˰ɡ
Ȼ֪ռʲôˣУǱһϣġ
Ƿݱעšܡֵĺֻͬǿۣˡ
Ҷͥںͬü۸񣬲಻٣ڣ
ںͬУҶͥҲעΪĳЩҪܵԭһǮᰴʱµĻʣתΪԪӺ˻У졣
Ҳû
Ϊһˣһ֮ڣ뿪½
ôϵڱĺ¶ԴеɵģڶӦ
ôһ൱ڰԼеͶʶջˣȻΪдԭԼҪ֧ǧϢʧҲСԶԣԼҪԴͷѾǺ̫ࡣ
ûбҪôģȫڰԼŶԡ
ͻȻһ㣬ȴ֪Ϊʲôᷢתۣ
ҶͥʵΪʲô
ҶͥҲЩè壬ǿƺҲһͷˮӣЦЦҲ˼Ȼǵĵû⣬ǩ־УҲǽ
Ȼûʲô飬ĺ¶ȫûоܾɡ
ֱӾ˾춼Щɵɵģͻ˾ܲ
ϰ尲Ȼֻˣ˾ԱҲƿԣղŵЩҥȻƣҶʱ
ڰ칫˰Σ뵽ߵʱҶͥᵽһ仰ˣ飬˵һ±ȽϺá
ҶͥĻͷԣȴĥţѵ¶ŮЩ
ĥã˵绰ͨ˼棬أ楶ţӵ绰
ڸĸʰȴЩ˼
ûзЩĻȥ飬ʲô뷨ڵŵģ߶Ѿ޷άֹ˾Լĸһߣ൱ѡ
ô¸һˣӵȥأ極ܾᡣ
ʱ򣬸׵ĵ绰ˣ楴ĸ׹нӹ绰˸ЩţЩ˷ܵ楶ʱˣǹ˾ǵزĿǼҵΣѾȥˣǲˣ飿
ãϢ֮Ҳеȡ
Ȼͬе𾪣極жʱһ׵Ļˣ˴ǮԲûԭģ֪ôģ̾뵽ҶǸϡͿռˡ
뵽ҶӰλˣ楶ʱ;ã¶һҶѲϵ
ģ𣿡楹ͨҶĵ绰ûͷûԵʵ



13 
ģ𣿡楹ͨҶĵ绰ûͷûԵʵ
ϣϵڱĺ¶ǾԺ٣ҴڵĸҲԭġ
һ仰˵úãûԵ޹ʵİҲûԵ޹ʵĺޡ
˾֮뵽ģǸصҶ
ΪʲôôأҶӵ極绰ʱڼӦһѵԾ
Ѿǽ߿ʱˣĹˣʦÿ춼ŪһѵϰģԾʲôģӦ
˵Ҷ極ĸоȷʵܲ
ϵ飬ҶһõĸоָоԴͷȻˮһ楡
楣ҶȻһǵģŮĳ֣Ȼһµ뷨Ͼھ÷ЩרŮӣôĲʿȷʵܲҵȻһҷرĹϵֻ˵
㣬벻ʲôô˵
ʵþϵˣеģܹþóΪǵزĿˣ޼
ߣҲֻҶֿԣĺλ˹ϵеĻ
Ǻǣ飬Ժ̸ҶЦŻشмҪ㣬ڹڻгǷ˽⣿
ڻгһ£Ҷô뵽ⷽ棿˼άԾԣʵҲ̫һЩ楸еЩϡ
ؼǣûץסҶʵ뷨ʲô
ڻ棬һǱȽ˽ģǱ߶ҲлͷϰһӣϤ΢һ£Żش
ܺãȥ㣬Ҷ֮󣬱Ƚ˵
µ绰֮˫Դ֧ڴϿŴգ˼
ҶͻȻڻг⣬϶ûԭȻⷽȽ˽⣬ȴҲ֪Ҷ۵㾿
룬ͻѧУʼҵıֽڿ֣ϸоĹڻг
ոպһЩҶͿųȥ˱ѧ楳
һΣǰѳӴУſ˽ֱӿ˲ʿ¥¡
ʲôӣιֵֹģи·ѧˣ۷׷ס
Ҷʱ򣬿һǳɫıʱݵֳܳڻһҲֺطû˽ûлǮ͸㶨ˡ
Ȼˣһ˵ĻҲûеⶫϾûرĹϵͲܹգȥʱ鷳ܶࡣ
Ҷһīסϰף֮󣬶ʱ˺ܶѧע⡣
ȻʱУ԰İݽûôأ˧ܳϣȷʵǳˣǵŮǰա
Ҷ΢ۣ;ȻǳɷȵģŮʵ̫١
¥˶ӴһͿ˴īҶ治ɵЩЦϵĴīҲװˡ
ӵ˵绰֮Ҷ
һɫ£Լְ¥
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ѧƯŮʿôˡ
Ǯˡ
˼ҲǮҳҲ˧Ҳߡ
߸˧˰
¥Χ۵Ľ͵۷׷ףȴҲɢȥ
ʱУ԰ʱ䣬ԷʱҲ״СϢģûж೤ʱ䣬Էѧǣ֪һ顣
ʿ¥ĽƯĲʿ楣߾ᱱѧУ֮׵楣һűʱܳ߸˧ˡ
٣楲Ů𣿡һȥͬʵ
ߡͬѧѡĺһͷŭǿѹȥ
ʵϢʱĵоһǰǳͬѧ楺ȻʮͿ˱ѧһ·߸ͽڶʮʱ˱ѧĲʿ˹Ŀ࿴
ôһļǳ˱ѧоȴҲ죬οʵ楻һꡣ
ѧϵĲ࣬ʼվãһͷһ㣬Ҳָָ㣬ռȴʼû極ֻԶԽӴȽ϶ͬѧѡ
ȻΪ楲ûϵѣߵñȽϽģǰԷ極ˡ
֪ʲôԭ楲ûйһ㡣
ȻڲõϢĶ



14 ǻ
ʲôȫʯڻ
ôвУȫ˶֪ˡ
Ҷ楴һ¿ĲǼãھҲһ
˼ˣҪһƿ֮Ҷ͸̸ʯڻ顣
Ȼ楱Ҷ뷨һ
ҶֱӵؾͱʾһδӾʱŪڳҴȫʯڻ׬һʴġ
룬ȻҶֽţôó飿Ͼڵʽ𣬶׶ڲԣԲһС֡
ֻ楶ʱЩǮò֡
Ҷ極ɫЩãȻ֪ЩʲôǾͶ˵飬ҲҪйǣսΣҶԣǻ¡
һ£Ҷ˵Ҳе
٣ǵزĿ֮еķպѹҵת˾ʱòǮȴҲõʲôԹ۶ѣ֮ǰԤϵı뵣εԣѾ˺ܶࡣ
ʧǴһЩȴûˣҲᱻȳеصķΡ
ôһǼҵԪˡ̾˿
Ȼ˵Ǳ߶ԪĴбڵʧҵ˾ǳ׿ˣ뵽죬楲֪ǷܹĴ
ʵ㲻صģֻһϴǮֶζѡҶãǸ楽͸һȽϺãʡи
ţ˶ʱһ㶣üëҲ
ʵϣ϶óһ޾ĿҶԵ֮ôҪֶͨΣѹѹڲǽһӶѣ֮󣬾Ҫȥһζʱ棬ڻǿܶģ˵ͶʹʯڻõĻ׬þͲˡ
ôһ˵楲Ҷ뷨ϸһ룬ȴҲֶηǳ͡
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Ҷͷ֮ڣǾͿԷĴ󵨵׬ǮˣһܺõĻᡣ
ʯڻĻǺܸߵġüͷ
ϸо˽ڵĹڻгʯڻȻ𱬵ģǷҲ޷Ŵˡ
Ϊֿ飬ƱãʯڻгҲȷѪֿ֮꣬ԭͼ۸ʹӶʮԪһǵʮһԪһֱǾӸ߲¡
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֮£ͼ۵Ȼһա
ϣ£һ⡣
ûʲô˸ֺġ楶Ҷ˵ڽףʯڻĸܸϵʮң⽻׵Ļܸϵʮӡ׬ˣȻһҹ˵ĻǿҪѪ޹飬ҵġ
Ҷ˵ͷԽߣԽȻ֪ġĿǰʯͼ۸ƣʲôĵã
ң楿Ҷһۣ˵ͼѾǸλУӦˣ˶ĻҲųͼۻм߸ߵĿԡ
ĿǰһЩǣҲԹͼ۵δһЩԤ⣬ձΪ˶Ļʱ֮ڿ϶޷սϾ˵ľǿӵ沿ӵ˲ռơ
һս뽩֣ôͼ۵ƶǷǳԵģͼۻ߸ߡ
ؼ⣬ǷʲôʱʼҪãһܹȷĻ壬ںҲ²⣬ûеܽһ
ãǷͬ˿սҶͦȤʵ
ҾûῪսҾڽڡʮػش
ΪʲôҶȤˣ΢Цŷʵ
ǽرģһδƼ壬޹ƱҪһ̣רԤһսÿľѿ֧ͻԪϣôͶ룬ǰװ׻ģĸսȺȥҲҪѽǮģһ⡣楷ϵʱˣ˿϶ܲԶڿ϶һս
˵òҲǳͬҶ֮󣬾Цſ϶ǻġ



15 
極ķǱȽϿ׶ġ
ķҲܶأǴμҵЩѰҴ𰸣ҲûʲôϹȵȣҪһ㣬ץס˵ص㣬ϳԿ
ɫϴ۹ѾеձɽĸоǸͷŷ޵ͼĸǷ򣬲һ۸ֵ͵ıѣ޷һµʱ
ΪۺϹΪǿΨһǲϳԿģʲôʱǳȥƶķ޹άȥˣ˳ֵĵط϶׵ĵط
ΪʯʹḻĲʹȻѴѵĿ꣬һε飬ǸҵһжĽڶѡ
Ҷļ䵱УһεĺսʮңݺͳƱ֧ľѴٶԪÿĿʮԪӡ
ⲻڴ̣Ǯ
Ǵϲ極ķǺеġ
ڣۺǧں˻ϵģʹ£֮ҪǮȥҶ˵һΣҪա
գˣʱЩԾ֮ȴûжٳЦ˼Щ𾪵ʵΪʲôãһսͼۻµ
Ҿܾشˣ¶Ҳеʲô˺ҶȴǶ⣬̸ܶ
˵ʵڵģҲ̸
Ҷܹܲ˵ͻȻ֮õ˽ʮео飬ˣ
ǧԪͼµôֱʰ֪ҶԸ͸¶еĻҶĴֱʣЩľ
ʵֻҪǿ׼˷ЩڲǺܲġҶش
ղ˲࣬Ҳ٣иҲ֣ķˣеװƵĸо
極һЩسԶżһںơ
ҶţţʲôģֻԶʱ򣬵ʲôҷһȫû·
ձĴͳʳƷҲձ嵭Ĳʽǳձ˻ӭ
ʵϣձ½ʮڱδ֮ǰͺ˳ֶֻغȽжѡ
űʺ似ĽʳáҲ
ҶĩʲôģͳͳĨһͨȻ
ꡭ楼ˣ̲סЦ˳ˣһûʹ㣬﹤
ûйѧҶش⣬ȻЩ塣
ѧ룬ҶȻᣬϵ·ƺԼ࣬Ҳ˶ʿо߲ʿоƾ
УˡҶش
ʲôǸѧˣûаζŵľƱˣ۾ʵôǸѧ㵽˶ټ
㣬ҽʮ꣬ϸǺ𣿡ҶЦʵ
ʮꡭ̾ˡ
ԭΪҶҲǱѣҲп˶ʿоΪ·ѹϣֱʾˣ楾ӦøԼࡣ
û뵽Ȼʮ갡
С꣡Կ
춼û˵ôҲû뵽Ȼʧʮꡣ
飬ʵ̫ˣ
極ңҶĻȻΪʶȴҲû޳Ŀܣڿ֮谭أͺԽˡ
Ĳ࣬Ļʲô⣬極ĴȴǺܴµûҶ϶λ˵ӱļôûĴ㣿
ҶҪҶҲԲһԼҶŮӣΪϱֱһЦ
ǣѾֵزѵбѡ
Ҷ極ıѿȴҲЩʲô¶Ҳеͷ¶վǱܲȥġ
楽㣬Ϊԭ޷һʽݣҲǲεˡҶȥ極֣ǳϿҵ˵Ĳ˵һβڻ棬Ҷŵ¡֮ĹϵҲֻһһˡ
ҶĻ極飬ںתһЩ
˿ҶڿԼ֮гᡣ
ѵ˵ҵİ飿極˼أȴҲ벻ʲô·ߡ
˵ҶôԼĻôӣ˶Σ÷ĴˣƺҲһֵÿǵѡ


16 㶨
Ϩ֮ǰҶͻᡣ
ûãˣɫеΡ
ôˣ᲻ңҶЩʵ
楰һۣȻŻشᣬҪһؼҺˡ
棬ڸ㣿Ҷָָ¥ʵ
ʲô㣬˵ô˵
極Ĳʿᣬ˺סģѣǰһҶ֣롣
ղȥʱ򣬲ŷűˣţһҵȻ֣ȥӦһϡ
ôһ֣Ȼôһ¶ˣ֣ǿ׹ػһʰˣˣҪҶؼҡ
ôˣؼҲ󷽱㡣Ҷһ£˿極ڸƵס¡
ˣסƵȻ㣬˿ˡҡͷֵ
һε飬ﻹһЩӰģܾû˯ڼ̤ʵһЩ
ҶҲûô֣Ϳͻ˼ҡ
Ȼ楽֮󣬾ͱһʣʱܳǸˣʲôͷʲôϵ
ת֮䣬ͽʮµѮ
һǱȽϽŵģǸϰ
Ϊĵһ꣬кֵܶüĶ˵Ԫݡ
ڿκҶҪŶͱίԱ·סˡ
Ҷһ£¶˵·Ҷ˵
ţأץʱ䣬ҼŻؼҳԷءҶͷ
ѧУ߶ѧ٣ֻϰʱ䣬ʦռãԸôҴҴææҪϻȥԹȻܻϰ
ôһĵĽڿϰкܶŶ
ġ·ץҶ˵ԪݣǸеһԪˣԸñȽ¡һЩλ˧磬ܲٲŲˣܵóĿǣ
ĿҶʱüͷֱӾˣȫģûһ츳ҳʲôĿⲻΪĿô࣬αطǵ
ʵ˵ҶǵȫǺмֵѹϴҶȥʱ򣬸ƵŮģԪݵУԵЩˡ
ϾѧУԳʲôģƺҲеʡ
Ҷү·Ҷ˵һϻݣǵĶֲ꼶ģиѧУģܵóĽĿѧУǰ˧磬̨ҲǺõġ
ۣȻɡҶˣʱЩЦá
Ȼ·˵ַݶˣҶҲһڻؾˣĻ̫ˡ
Ҷʵҵܳףҵϵ𣿡
裿·üͷȻ۾һѪġôҸҶ֡
Ǹû⣬ϸˣôܳãҶͷ
Ǿ˵ˣĩǳʱһ£ҰѺϳ㲻ҪŶ·Ҷ˵
û⣬ӻҪġɵøҸģЩҲ̶õҡҶͷӦ
Ҷ֮󣬺ܿ͵˸һҾƵ꣬Ȼ󿪳ȥ楡
ΪѧԵʣʱܳһ㶼ǷڸƵͣҲܷ㣬ҲڱͬѧǸ
ǷѧУĻɾ̫ˣҶûôհ
ܳ¥µʱ˺ܶ˵Ĺעָָġ
Ҷǲô⣬ֲǱѧѧ
˵楣ȻҲǲʿϿ˵Ŀ⡣
ԵʲôҶӿȥ֮󣬾ѯʵ
ţҺúһ룬æµһ죬ȷʵӦóԵö極鿴ȥҵõȻҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ˵ڵʽ𣬴ʱȻں˻У楶ҶȽģؼλүӵĵλģòܳʲôӡ
Ҷһ£Ǵȥһ
˳ԵʳŮ˳Ե
вͶԣ͵ŮӣȻϲַΧ
ʯڻ飬Ѿȫˡ֮󣬾ͶҶ˵ֻǾ׬ȫԤǷ׼ȷ
ͲùˣҲܸԼǮȥʮ죬Ҫ֤漣ĳ֣ҶԴ˵Ǻɣض˵
ϣˡ極ͷ
ոհѺ͹Ա߶˺極֡
楣ô
δ䣬һʮˣ˹



17 
Ŀ楸һһеĶȼա
ѧУǰ칫Զ
жѧ˵ѾԳɹˣڰ칫ԶҪɼʵǺܼ򵥵ġ
ڵİ칫ԶгϾһƬߣֻҪĿأû׬ǮĻᡣ
ʵϣҲûбµˡ
ܹڱѧԺУո¶ͷǣʵֵÿ϶ġ
Ҫһҹ˾ĸˣ̸ۺ顣
ֻû뵽Ȼ楣ͬһӳԷ
ͻȻ֣Ҳһ¡
˵ʵڵģǰͬѧǺһ·ʱѾ죬ҲûʲôȽĸоֻһͬѧѣǰʱżļҲеģҪ˵Ůѣǻ˺ܶࡣ
ֻҲƣǰ˺ڼΪ極ѣ楳ڱ鷳ĿǣҲûйһ㣬Ͼ˵ƣԼûʲô
Ѿ¶ĸҶĵĳ֣楸еЩΣɵÿҶһۣԴ᲻
ģҲԷ楳òӦһ
ǰλܵܣôһ£˵⻰ʱ۾ȴǶҶ
ˣжʱĺܲ
СǼҶǰӣȻܲˣǴʱҶĹϵѾ޷ָôܸĻ᣿
楻ûüҶȴѾ˵ˡ
򵥣ҶһԵķֵ
⻹ûòء̾˹Щɵ˵
ﻷãӰ˳Է顣Ҷûж˵Ǯ£Ȼ極־뿪ˡ
ʼգҶûи˵֣һּӵ̬ȣƽȭͷ޲óȥݺݵҶһ٣Ž
ˣһ楱֪֮ܳҶݾԲ򵥣ͲڵܹӦģۿ楸ҶһԷ˵ЦҲ嶯ܹ
û뵽˼Ҷû˼е˴ܡ
һ죬Ҫ˶֪ҲǺǵģҧгݵذԷĵ
۹ⲻôҲѡҶ˵⻰ʱ
ҶֱۣЩõ˵һԸѣҴûдӦʲô
ûҶĳ֣楻ὫĵһֵǱѣڣԱ֮£ľȻһѧȲϣ̫Ҳã˳Լߣ˸еǳ
Ծ򵥣ҲǺܿŶҶֱֱۣ࣬Ц˵
ǲӰԷ顭ҶЦЦ
ʵϣҶĺȷʵĺܣͺһȭ˿ϣȫûеطйֻᷴɻȥԼ
ǺܿͻһһҪһøϷֿĿռ䣬ֲܹʲô˿ò͡
СٵͳʲôӣȴҶܹó
Ͼ͸ø߿ˣпǹԺУѧ楺Ȼʵ
ûпǹҶһ߶Զһ߶شһЩ飬Ҳ
Ҷүӵ˼Ҷӣ϶ҪģӹҶĸԴŴȥǶүӾԼ뷨Ҷҵ̫󣬶˴ԴҲͲ˵ˣҪŸȥܻһЩõת磬ʵȻȴԵøӵ͵һЩҲױڸ
λүϣйεִҲûҶͻСûеǸݶϡ
ڵξƱȽ΢ĳͻϣҲʣλүҪĵܶ࣬ҶȻǳҪȴҲûҪλϣ԰ҶѡһԺУѧδ֪֮
Ҫĵģǰѧϰã֤ԼҶҶ˾С
ǣҶòܣԼѧϰɼͲټϵõ˺ʮľ飬͸аˡ
ңμӾ߶ĸ߿ʡԣƲһ
ߣԺѡۺԺУĿԴһЩҶ˵
Ȼ˵ͨ˶ԣԺУһЩҶûбҪԼδķչ֮·޶ˣۺԺУʺһЩ
Ŷˣ˵ͷȻ˵ѧû׼ܳΪҵѧء



18 ܶϷ
ǲȥѧӣҶûãһͷʹ顣
ҶүӺȻ˴ȥ˵顣
ſľԽҰԼɱڵľ٣Ҷʱ˺ܲõĸоƺʲô¶үӸһ
ȻҶ˳֮󣬾ͽӵ˶үҶĵ绰
ǺǣСүҶЦ
үүЦеİҶ˳
Ǻǣǵ飬үү֪ˣΪ֮үҶ˵
Ҷˣͷȴûжĸо
ҶүӵҪ֪һʲô飬жүڣҲܹϾ漰ڵʽתôùĴ
Ψһ⣬ҶүҪ೤ʱ䣬ܷ顣
ڣҶүһٺǳ⣬Ҳı䲻˴֣ΪҶѾʯڻ㶨ǲõ
ǣ˻ͷˡ
¶ܷ
ҶүڣϾζ׳쵼ˣԲûѾȥүһסɽϻߺ߶סڴڡ
һ·˹ȥ˺üڣͣһԺ档
ҶүӵӣҶҲͷһҼǱץġ
ļ䵱УҶүڼ䣬ûĻᣬֱڡ
û뵽һνȴΪԼүӵһڣҶүӶ
ҶүӺæµҶֻĽӴһͿ˺üλϵĴԱʵʵȺҶүټ
ҶһȺͷӵм䣬ԵЩͻأ˿һۣܹòиҶүмƣôܲݣ
ֻݣ˵ѣϾǴڣ׳ľ
ʵϣ˺ʽȥӴҪʲôģҶүƽʱ϶Ժ֮ڡ
˰СʱֵҶ
ȥ֮󣬾ͼүɳϣһϻڷո͵ıֽ
үүҶվʵغһ
ҶүӣҪ˵ûһ⣬Ҳǲܵġ
Ҷүս߹һɱǽ֮ڹҪתж˾ý裬ƣҲܹȫĥġ
ûжļʮ꾭飬ҶҶүӣȶҲת
Ҷүһ߶ֽһ߶ʵүүڸʲô
֪ʱҶү൱ջģǺһ룬Ͳôˣǵ֪Ļ֣ȻҶʱҶүӵг˾Щ֮⣬ûжٷŭ
ǶүӸҶүӻĲţ¶ǳҶֱʡ
ӣǸѧôóĴ£
ʵǰ˽鷳˳׬ǮҶûҵ˵һ£Լ֮Ҳᵽ楸Լϵܺá
˽鷳ʹӾϻڣүĵӣǷʵúţҶү֮Ц˵
һ¶ѣһӦϢҲǺְܹɣҶش
Ϣ϶ôûи˵ҶүˣȻЩ졣
̶̵֮ڣҶǮȥŸҲж׬ͷ黹ûн֧Ϣ͸ֻ֮ھ᧿Σˡ
ʱҶʲôȥǮ
ǮȥʯڻˣһڿɼҶҲ˵ˡ
ҶүӸ˴뱲Ӿý蹤ڻȻǺϤҲ̸жİȻڲֶǹгҲעص㣬ûΣҶĻ֮üͷ
Ǻ֣Ҷүӵ۾ǳڻô𣿣棬ҵС£¥ж٣𣿣ҪԼ̫ߣڻг棬ׯңûӮң
Ҷүѵһ٣ȴûжգֻǺٺٵЦŽ
Сӣ㻹ЦҶүӿҶ飬ʱ
ҶЦһ£ͺʵүүãһû¶¶֪ڻгôգҪͰ͵ظǮ𣿡
Ŷô˵ҶүҶ⻰ȶ
飬ȷʵ֣ҶүҲԼӺȻе͸ˣ֪ڸʲôϷֻǴһ;òǸѧܹġ
һȺСƨôйʴƣԴΪʯڻݣ
¸¶ʮ֮ǰһ˷սͼ۽ҲµɣҶ֮ضҶү˵ҶҵܶϷ



19 ҶңҪվӣ
Сӣ˵սͿսͳİҶү䣬йһͨȴʵʲô
ҶҶүԼͽǰһθ˵ЩַҶүӽһ޷Ǿʲôѿ֧ʱ桢֮顣
޷ж񣬽ôһʵɣҶ˫ɡӺˣĺĸ˹ˣߵʣοѵĺܡҶҶү˵
ҶүӵĻ¶һ˿ɫǺܿʵҪһ̣ôܹ϶ͼһ
˵һսڲ˹帽ԭͲ϶ҪܵӰģչϵͼӦñǲŶԣһ㣬ʷҲ˵硣ȴ֪Ҷ֮رʾͼһ
滹һԭǸëйϵҶҶү˵
Ŷ˵ȻҶүӺܸȤʵ
Ҷ˵ëӵľƷǳ⣬Դ϶ԭ͵ģͼ۱ǣǶȻһ£Ƕ˶Ծͺˣ԰׹ܻŶ˿սĻᣬ̨ƽͼ۵ߣͼʮԪҡ
͹۵ؽôһңأͼ۱ǣǺһЩôģںϣŵ̬߶ԽԽãͼ۳ˣԭͳڻܴ̼ܵ뱩֮󣬹ڵľƽתѹСˡ
Լ˴ˣسͷ˵ķӦҲǺǿңȻΪͼ۵Ӱ졣
ҲɵӣҶӡƺͳѾǶսԴʯ͵һƽֹͼۡ
ȻЩ飬Ļʲô£һһͲôˣܶģĹ̾ͱ
ôһĻ˿ҪˡҶүҶķɵЩû뵽Ҷܹ͸
ֹô򵥣ǰҵķչȥҹһ֮ھͻ壬ϴ۹ֱΪΨһĳơҶᣬԼﻰͳͳ˳
ΣҶүˣܲҶһ䡣
ʵ˵Ҷүӵ鱨ԴȻӷḻһЩҲ׼ȷһЩǱȽ˽ģֻȻѣȴҲھǫ̂Ͼңֱ׷ĳôô׾Ϳ̨ˣ
ҶĻƺĽ壬ǰһ㣬ܹţ
ĿԴҶҲү磬ֻǺĵػһ䡣
ҶүӿӣҲʲôֻʵǱǮʲôʱܹ
ָģȻͨү֣֮Ӿ˻תƳȥʽ
Ȼûм֪ҲһС¡
վүӺͶүӵλǮѪ޹飬ҲܹҵһȥֻǸͲְͿµˣҲû𹫷˽뷨Ǯ⣬һҪʵ
Ҫ֪ڵ㴢ҲһһʮԪңҶһӾͶǧԪԲһСĿȻǹھ˻ϣȴҲܲ˵۾
ҶүӶҶһҲЩͣҶͶү˽Զ֣ǾԲͬġ
¸¶ʮң϶ǮҶһα֤
ôаգҶүʵ֪ҶǴġ
ĺˣүүҶЦŻش˲֣ܶչͼڵƣҲάڸλУµһģҲⱾСӯû̫ٵĻҰʽ𻹻ٰǸزĿɹɷݸˣ˭Ҳë
Ҷү֮һĥʱЦСͷ
Ҷ˵ģ鲻˳ɹɷݣҲʲôʧϾǸزĿֻҪȥһ׬ǮģֻʵѣĻͲͬˡ
طҪѣ˭ָҶԾĿ˵ģ
ϿǳԿˣϸϸĿô˵Ǵ׬ͷ
ȻôģүүҾ͵һֺηҶүڿˣ޺˵ǵС˼үүҲ֪ģ͸㽻ףܱôڣҶңҪվӣ



20 Ҷҵʵ
ҶңҪվӣ
Ҷү仰ҶҲɵ˼¡
ү˵ĺҶȴǽŽɡ
Ȼ˵ҶүӵʵǿϡͬˮһĸĸɺͱԣᲢ۰ɣ
һĻɣҶүӾЦЩܿġ
ôһ˵Ҷ棬˼֡
ĲҪ˵ҶҸˮЩͺ˸еˡ
ҶүӾͲ˵ʸľץý輸ʮ꣬ӰԶһϲµСүҶ66꣬Ǿί׳λȨء
ҶҵڶĳҶӽ50꣬Ͼ˾ԱϽΡ
Ҷӳ43꣬ɶıнΡ
ҶĸҶƽ40꣬Ѿ
ҶҳŮҶ40꣬Ҷƽ˫̥ܣܾҽԺԺרңҶɷ޻ǲƾרңԺźĳԱ
ŮҶ38꣬ó˾Ҷɷ׳פʹ⽻Ҳ˲õ
ҶҵЩֱϵֳ𶯣ο˭ûмѣͬţĵĲ£
ҶԽ֮ǰһֱʮƽУҲûܵӰ죬ҶүȽ͵ĴԲ޹ϵҲ鼰µӵϲǲ޹ϵ
ʮģҶүӺͶүӾӪĹϵжôӴ
˵ҶھƵױȣ
ҶȻôһ룬ԼҲЩ𾪣ǲ㲻֪һһҶү˵ҶҲҪվӣҪվҲǱѡҶҵĶվŶԡ
ΣԭҶҲǵһ塭ҶԼ°˵
Ҳѹ֣Ҷ֮ԴعԼҵؼļ䵱УԼûκһֵÿҫ飬ҶҵĵȻؾ͵ˡ
κһ˵μ壬ܽԻȥǱȻġ
ԣĺܶԴĻȻҲҶġ
ҶֻܾгΪһ׳ļ壬ųƵϵһ壬ϸһ룬ȴЩԡ
ÿһŴͷĳ̨Ǳ漯Ųĵսǵ֮λҲֻڳί֮еĻȨѣ˵һˡ
ˮµЩӴţǿԲٿһеȻҴ壬ǵӰ쵽һҶĴڡ
뽻һ֮ƺҶүӶҶǱȽģϾֻǸѧôͣ˭ҵӵܾ͸ȥʯڻǴͷҲᱻͷؽѵһٰɣ
Ҷҵӣǣˣˣ
ܲɴ£ҶүȻԶԣȴ֪Ҷһγ֣ٲѪô˵ҲܹСӯࡣ
ΪҶһȷʵҶүӹĿ࿴
һԷɣλҪҲһҶүӺȻ˵
õġҶͷӦȴҲûȥʣʲôҪ
Ҷү˵֮󣬾ɳ棬ϻֽ
ҶҲû˵ʲôȸүһ裬ԼҲ˷ݱֽ￴
ʮңҶүӺȻʵҲһ£˭
˲֪ˣֲҵġҶνػش
٣еҶүЦһ¡
ʵҶҲݵλԵͲˡ
ҶүӵܹΪѵһֻ־ܹġ
ҶƣĲѾȥ׳ͬ־йίоصĳͬ־εһ׳ͬ־ҲҪҶүѷɫ࣬һ档
ϸĻͬ־ӦҶүǵһ
Ŀǰͬ־ݾϷ磬ǣȻûжʱҶүɣһιݷõģȥ鷢ܴ֮ܵӰķͬ־
ȻŰСʱ֮Ժʹ˵
ߣҳȥӭһӭҶүվҶ˵
ҶѾˣ洫ĴȻǷͬ־еȻѾʮˣȻܺһֺ׸Ⱦ˵Ķ
ڷͬ־ҶǾѾãԵһ
еԭȻΪСûʸ񣬵һЩ֮ҶүȴѾȥͬ־ҲѾûĻˡ
Ҷϻ廹ðɡҶүӣͬ־ʹЦ͸¶꣬С
ииҲܺܺáҶүӹ˹֣ЦŽͬ־ӭڡ



21 Ϸȥ
ͬ־ҶүҶǬ꣬㲻ʲô
ʵϣԷͬ־ԣڵҲСͬ־Сͬ־ĺôǸ׵õڴǵ½⣬ʲôСҲΪǿ̵ġ
ͬ־ڵ꣬ȷʵҲǱȽģܹܱ˵ͽ顣
ΪԭԵڶ֮Уͬ־ȻҲܵ˳ȴûΣҷ֮ڵִƴȨ쵼ȫʼ˲׳ĸĸ￪š
½ߣͬ־Ȼƶ쵼ɲϳƣʽ
ȻĳЩ˶ԣ㲻λͬҲӵзǳԶӰԹȻоصĻȨ
һ֮ҶҶү󣬽Сı֡
ͬͬ־˲٣ʸֻλһλǷͬ־Ů正ʮӣλǡ족Ҫͬ־
Ҷү߶Ҷ飬һλҶүӵİ칫γ֣ҲĹԱҶҺĵҪ
ǽɣҼǵýҪһЩͬ־Ҫ࿴ҶۣϾӾôһˡ
үүãף彡ҶҶػش
Ȼǽһζôˡͬ־˵ͷȻЦ˵㲻ֵ֪ܼ֣ʵҰæȡġ
ҶһүүҶǬʱȴûзϣ֪ͬ־Բ
ԭҶ֮ĹϵȻߵôҶвɵЩȡ
Ҹȡ֣ǡ񰲣ֿ˸֣үүֻȡ˺ĸ֣ȴЩҵϡͬ־ƺ뵽˵һЩ飬ºܸߡ
Ҷĥһ£ܾүү˾Ӧô⣬һʱ֮ȴûᵽ
ˣȻǵôҶүˣҲЩп
¶ҲʮǰģΪͬ־Ȼǵ
㸸θɣͬ־ȻҶѯʵ
ǵġҶͷӦȴһ
ͬ־ʲôˣ˵ޱ߼ʣһ仰棬ǲ˲ٵͷ
Ҷ뵽ʲô˵һ䣬үүѸɣ
Ǻǣôô˵أͬ־ˣЦŷʵ
Ұÿ춼ģ˹ûбҲĸоҶһɧӣһ˵ӦץЩϵɣҿæĺЩϸ֦ĩڣǺŶ
Ҷôһ˵ϵı飬ͬ
ҶүȻһޱӣƤȴһ£Ļ϶ǲ֣ᷢͬ־ǺܸȤӣͬλͬ־һأҶүӵİ칫γ֣ҲЩؿҶȻû뵽Ҷĵôʲô˵
ͬ־˶ٵǱ߶Ҳ˵ˡ˵ҲûԸˡ
⻰һ˵ҶүӵϣҲеڣ⻰˵ģúˣΪϾһջšе⣬ûõ£̤̤ʵʵ飬ô𣿡
Ǳ߶ȷʵȽڣҶүӵ棬Ҳ΢ʡ
ô˵أھʶ̬Ķˣˣںܶ˵涼еȽѹ֣֪ȥδӣ
ͬ־״ҶүҲǱȽ˽ġ
ȥʱ򣬷ͬ־ʾһ˵ףٵεκ쵼ְ£кܶ쵼ͬ־ҲЩҲһ˵ףЩйίȡ
ֻôһкܶͬ־ʾģ˵ǶԼ߲ģҲųижȨջȥ뷨
ߣȥ֮󣬵ڵıռϷ磬ͬ־ȥʱֱʾַ棬ٷκۣھǸĸܵ˺ܴӰ죬ɻ߷Ըĸռ˴ýͬ־Ҳ󷽱Ӧ
˵ҪڹٷýϷڸĸ֧Ҳôˡ
Ҫ˵ͬ־вҶүҲ΢ʵġ
ô˵ͬ־ڵڵĹףڹҵĹףĿõģȻˣҪԸĸ﷢Ҳʲôֵɣôܹ˵أ
ãǳá
˭֪˵ĳĬ֮УҶ˵ˣһ˵ﾪΪӰ죬ǵĶ죬˸еȽѹֵģүүĻȥϷ߿Ǳ߶Ѿдĸоˡ



22 ɲ
Ҷϻӣܲ򵥡ͬ־뿪ʱ򣬺ǸпضҶү˵ôһ䡣
֮ҶүӾ͸Ҷһ÷
ĻеˡҶүӸӼһ÷˿⣬˵
ȻˣҶүӵǻȲɣֻƣͲ˵ı־⡣
ҶǱȽͬģϾܹҭʳҶү촦Ҵ£ӵʱ࣬Ҳǹܲ׷ҲŲ
Щ˵Ļܱүү˵ҪһЩҶش
ԲˣԵҶүȴûзֻҶһЩ
ʵҶүӵ棬Ƶģʲô¶
ֻǷͬ־Ҳãͬ־ҲգҶүӵ˽˹ϵܲ˴֮䲻̸֮ʲô˶ԹΪˣһҶүӣȻλҪ֮ĶУƫ
ҶүӶҶԣҶҲҪվӣҶҿˣˣҲƽӹܵˣǾԲмʹˡ
ҶүӶ̬ȣҲǱȽϲġ
ͬ־¸أͬ־һϵһЩˣʶѹƸĸɵۣ÷ͬ־ۼԲǳͬ־ģֻǵ˵ΪԴѡ
ЩˣûԼеֻǴĦ⣬ʹ棬ˣҶүȻǿġ
ʵϣͬ־ҶĸҶƽҶүӾ˼ˡ
ǻ˵ҶүӲϣλڴھ涷ɿȶξ֮ףһжҪά֣̬һЩ֣Ҳ⡣
ҶĻǸҶүһѶҲͬ־ص㡣
Ȼ߶ձȽѹ֣ǾȥϷ߿
ͬ־ȻǾãҶܲ
߳ȥߺпΪ
Ҳʲôӵ飬Ҫ֪̫Ҳٹͬ⣬ǣ˸ܿˣΥһŭ֮ȥУһƪսϭģŤת˾ƣȨ
ǰ֮Զͬ־ȻҲ⣬ѧһ
һƵúܾҶүӵһԼӹȻɫɵЦţ㳴ʯڻǸ飬ҿɹϣǱȽϴġ
Ǻǣɲǹעһı󶯡Ҷǲǫ顣
ҶүӵͷУҪǳɹˣҾͿţַǡ
ٺ١ҶٺһЦû˵ʲô
ֻеص˼ˣҶүȻѡĽӰˣҶԼǲ˼˵ʲôϾҪʾԼĳǸϲŭɫ
ţһ飬Ӧ֪֮ҶүŶҶ˵Ļ£ԭŻ磬ڿô֣ҪһЩ֪Ϊãʡֵòʰ
Ҷʱһ㶣ȴû뵽ҶүӺȻ顣
Լļ䵱УƺǿȱһֵݣҶүҶвûʲô
ǳͬ־ŮܺõһСѾͷű꣬ҿܰġҶүԹԵ˵
šꡭ
Ҷˣʱֱ۶˵񰡣ȢһţʲôооԼ׹Ԩһ㡣
ƫƫ¶ɣûа취ܾȻ˵ⶫͬˣҶԼŵжأ
ֻǣүô㣬ѵҲڱɺ͸ĸ֮ƽ⣿
ƺǲµҶ룬ҶүӾ˵ʵǵµ˲Ҳ²ѡͬ־ͬ־֮䣬ûʲôìܣλǵҪ쵼ˣҲ̸ʲôͬҪһȽϵĻҲǲԡ˵ڵĹһôͬ־ͺţͬ־ɲ˵˭𣿡
ɲţҶҶү⻰ɵǰһ
ǷǳУĿǰĸĸ̫˲У˻Ӱ쵽÷չ̫ҲУ˻淢չĲ⣬ҲпܲһЩȶء
òŵʱ򣬾ҪţòɲʱͬҲòɲǱȻġ
ܵĿǰ˼ŵĲȵʲôʱ򣬴ҿȷؿ⣬ɲҲͲǶĹϵˣһ壬һϲɻȱҪɲ֡ҶүӺǸпضҶ˵



23 Ӧ߳ȥ
Ҷүʱ򣬾˰Ҷ
ͨĲҶҲˣǼƷعۣһ굱Ҳûм϶ˣϸͼ
ҶүԼǲôϲȲ裬ⶫ˷ѡ
ˣҶԼȻҶӶˡ
صʱ򣬸ĸ׾ȻڣҶеһ
֣衭Ҷʵкڿеɳϣ
Ҷƽʮ꣬òãƵڿӡ
ĸѻҲǳţʮȥʮͷӣϲûʲôµĺۼϼȻκţȴŵڣҲһ̵УҲУѧģҶҪʢܶࡣ
ôôʲôҶƽҶеĶһ䡣
үүȥԷ˳ְĲҶˡҶҶóŵ˲輸ϡ
ҶƽһվˣȻԾүӵļƷۣôˣ
ŷӦȥ˴ڣ
үɳȥӵңм仹˷ͬ־Ȼүү˷Ҷش
¶ˣ԰¶ĻôԷһ˷ͬ־ҶƽҲͿأ֪ʲô顣
ǲô˵ҶȷүӵļƷۣǲҶҶƽΣ̫ϤˣֻүԼȲ裬ҲԲѲҶˣҶƽȻүӵĲҶúܣȴҲûܾΪС
¶ҲҶӱĿĥһ¡
ҶȻҰԼүҶı˵ҲҸҶƽ˵Լ֮Ĺϵֻ˵үˣԲҶڵ顣
ҶƽûлҶĻֻ˷ͬ־õ飬һЩЩˣȷֵùһЩͬ־Ҳġ
飬㻹ٲΪáѻһ˵
ҶƽһڻϱԵˣһЩ幤ַ滹ֲ˵Ҳãʡüм
ǻһţҲҶƽеΣƫƫţۺ࣬߶̫󣬸˶ضأΪҶ߶ĴҶƽȻҲҪ
ʱڣҶƽ˵ʲôҶҵһʼҪֵģүӶģݸġ
ҵУҪĸɣɣͬҲҪɡ
νɣ˵ʲô鶼ܣʲô̬ȶûУһȶԵȥµˣǣܹƽȵȥΪ֮ɴĶ
ͬ־ͳͬ־յģ󴬵ķ򣬶ҶɣǱ֤󴬳ǰǿ
Ҷ뵽⣬Ҳɵð̾˿Ҷװ
ϰ֣Ȼϸɵòģ߳ȥߵطϸɼֺαظ߶ˮ˾ҶȻҶƽ˸顣
ǵ飬СҽʲôѻҶԴһ£ȻֶҶƽ˵СĻҲûеųȥθʡⲻ󡣡
үδؾͻͬ⡣ҶƽȻҲЩ⶯ҡҡͷ
Ҷƽ棬ռһλãȻүӵ˼ϾϵͳҪԣԶղһҲӦвȥʶȫһء
ҶƽȽϵ͵Ϊû漰Ҷҵ棬ĻȻҲǰ׵ģܹһЩá
⣬ҶԼҲһЩʱôȻǵ͵һЩΪãϾĴȻڱ߶ûҪֵ̫ʹԵõĸɵͣͶͻرıȴδؾ⡣
Ҷƽţȥ˵طϵĻȴǿԷſֽŴһģʵжʾԼʵ˽ܣҲȡˡ
ҶƽĻܺãΪӣҶȻϣԼܹбȽϴΪϾ󲮺ͶھְҶתΪңǾ͵ÿϰҶƽıˡ
ڵǷͬ־ھҲҪ棬ܹԼҶƽҲûж˼޷õת䡣
治鷳¶࣬Ҳûʲôչųȥʵ¶Ҷƽķչ
Ҷүӵ˵Ҷ룬ڵķ϶ǵȵսԼʯڻгϴնһ֮ȥ飬ͱȽаˡ
үȻϣϰϵͳһЩãǸҶҵĴȣ߳ȥ֮ķչǰһЩ
ʱҶƽҲǴ۶Ż



24 һ
ϡڲ֡
׿¶ϳԹ
鵽ߡ
ķɳĮã紵Բԡ
Ǿѩ˪桱
ⱼۡͷɳҰãã
Ц롱ࡱ
ԲҰããӦ֪ˮ
áնҡ
ٽҲļ䡭Ѷϡ
ҶҲû뵽ίԱ·ĴȻһ־޵ĸоǵϹװ֮󣬰ƮƮһЩŵļ¸С
óΪһԪݣͶľҲͦ࣬Ҷλķװ棬͸ġӢ۴Уջͷ࣬Ŵ󹭣Ҳ˾лӦġ
Ҷò࣬ÿһǾ䣬ҳúζѵõλŮҲǻԲϵ޷졣
˴ֵʱҶڵģȻһֻҵĸо
⣬ҵСĸˡҶʱЩᡣ
Ҷһˣǿų̂ϳһ߶ţһ߶̨ϰڳϣĿ˵ѹȫ
̫ˣһܹµһ·˵ϣҲɵüع
һϾܹô趯ҲʮԲ磬ȷʵеó·еԾǸˡ
ĸ質áҶСĵعάŮһ䡣
Ҳ㲻ǶһЩӲŲŮЦŻش
ѼϼܣҲͷһβμֻˡҶ˼˵
԰ɣҶŮͷʵƺͦȤ
ǰûմҶͷ˳̵
ҰŮҪ˵Ǳ߶Ȼʾ⣬⣬Ҹʱ䣬´ټװף
ŮӱԼ·Ҵҵܵˡ
Ҷվһʱ֮仹ûзӦһˡ
˰ɣ˼ˡ·ͻȻ˹վҶԱ߶˵
ģ꼶İɣҶʵ
꼶ģոתѧҶүˣ·Цʵ
ͬѧǣϲҶҶүΪĻҶǿңһԭ򣬾Ҷϵȷһλߵʣư֣˸еŷ
·ͬѧҪϷͬѧ׳ġҶɫ
ܳʲô⣿ֲ׷ҡ·Ц
Ҷʼ磬ûд𻰡
·˵òҶȻܶȤ˵·ҲмɫҶ۾棬Ͳ˺ܶ࣬ļڶ֮ѡŮѣҲѡ档
ҶҾôһõóֵĵӣôⷽίˣ
ֻ뵽ҶүӸԼ˵Ļͬ־Ů˼Ҷ滹һЩֹ֪Էʲô·
ô˵ء
һ뵽ҶͲڡ
Ȼ˵楱꣬ͬҶҪΪԼð׸ŮˣϾ÷ŮʿǲңѵһŮҶôܷŹ
ҶҲֻ֪ϣɲʲô
˪ڸ4࣬ҪӰ·͸¶һŮӵϢ
˪е䣬ƲݰҶֹһ䡣
Ҷүϼܳʱ𣿡·ʵ
û⡣´ίԱŵ飬ôҲȿǣҰѱ鶼˾ǡҶһڴӦ
ٺ٣֪Ҷүǳ˭ӡ˵ˣֻҪԪȡúóɼС·Ц
һεԪݣģȽҪһЩǸѧϰģ˵֯ĻߣпܻõƼڸ߿лһļӷ֣Գ·ǳġ
·ĳɼȻҲǾصѧı׼΢һܹ࣬ӷֵĻ̤ʵˡ
ҶȻҲһ㣬¾͵ͷӦˣ֮Ͷѣ£
˳ʱ򣬾ĵѧϰ
Ԫ֮󣬾ûмͣˣ˵ϰѾ׼˴ĸϰ⣬һСһ󿼣һ붼ͷʹ·ŶͷЩʹضҶ˵
ȫضһûʲôʹģصѧǲŽʹءҶش
ҲǵҪ㿼ѧ·Щʵ
Ҷļͬѧ֮˽Ⲣ࣬·Ҳֻ֪ҶȱǮʲôģһ֪ˡ
ԽãŮҲԽߡ뵽ҶЩεػش


25 
ڶһ磬Ҷͽӵ極ĵ绰
ͼ۽һЩʮԪÿͰ極Ƚϸˡ
ԭڻУһ1000Ͱ֤ʮ֮һ㣬յļ۸һҪ820ԪҶǧԪܹ73000֡
ͼµԪһ־׬2000ԪڵӯѾһǧԪ֮࣬ȷʵǱȽϾ˵档
ȻˣҲΪҶĵӹһͶôʽ𣬻˵Ļδؾ͸ôעһ
ϾͼûµǵĻҶͶЩʽ𣬹ѾǿƽˣǿѪ޹顣
Ҫôʵ
һ׬ôǮ極˸ˣһЩ̿֡
ڻȳƱеķոȻ˵ǰҶָʾ¶Ϊˣ϶û˯һþÿ춼Ҫȵ̲̤ʵȥ˯
ͼ轵Ԫ楾ˡ
ȻѹǾ33000֣ʣ40000ֺˣҲΪΪʲô紵ݶšҶȻ֪δĴΣھ岨ҲǺΪһյġ
ôһ˾ǧԪʽ˵涼Ƚ̤ʵˡ
ͼСǷȺС϶ûвʲôӰ죬г϶ԥĶʻ֮ǰͼۺѲһȷе˶ĵȴ
ȵǧԪصҶ˻֮Ҳ࣬ٶԶүǱ߶ǽĹȥˡ
ʱ򣬶үӾʹ绰ˡ
СеԾע⵽ǵزĿˣֻǻһˡүӶҶ˵
ô죿ҶҲǳһҶҲһ찡
ȻǾίĻˣǸ׳Ͼü滹λƽʱ˵ʲôҿǣһ˵˻ͲðˡүӶҶ˵ңһθ㶯ģǾžͷĳһλ
ҶüͷҶҵѲ٣ǶͷͬҲ٣ֻƽʱûжʹűץסССвҶңһ̫û׼˶ˣҪݺݵҧһڡ
үүȻˣҾͰǮתȥβ㿴Ŵɾˣ͵û¶Ҷ̾˾
ǮˣүһʱЩʵ
ˡҶش
ǽͼۺȻһҶûʲô취ϾôһǮһȦͳû棬ʲôģһ֡
ںˣˡ
˶үǮ֮ȻǧԪֽʹãʹҵǵزĿʽάȥֵı䡣
˵ѹʲôģ׽ֻҪ̬ȺطȻĿУǷȻоڲ룬ôһĻȻʧĸɸɾ
úܿ죬ֻǸһ졣
׶ڲ¥棬˶ʮλʿͷһλнűװļλȴмί;ίҪԱ
Ҷͥͬ־ǷԾڲĿ׵飬ϡͷλнݶҶͥ˵
Ҷͥͬص˵ͷȫϵĹ
н˰֣˾ͿʼͶ빤ʱشԱѯһЩ⡣
ҶͥЩ˲·һֶԾǳϤİ참ֶܿͽھ˻ԼǵزĿصϡ
Ҷͥͬ־˽⣬ڲ쵼Ӷú˻еʽ𣬲뵽ǵزĿУǷ֪飿ίһλɲҶͥѯʵ
ҶͥʱЦ飬Զﴫˡ
ô˵ίĸɲʵ
˻ӦһЩͻ¼ģϴ󣬲ᶯôܱŲãҶͥǵزĿȻڲעǺûдһ£ĿҲûκʵԵĹϵڲϣ׵ġ
ľٱбڲ鵱Уȷ˲ʵĽɫΥ˾͡ίĸɲ̬
ͬ־ҲϾٱϵУкܶʵģǾľٱгνʵǾסõģ˵飬ֻԷϡҶͥǳرʾ
Ȼˣǻڲк˻ǵزĿչ顭ĸ˵
ҶͥҲ̬ԣҪõίȨ
ǻõίȨġλнҶͥһۣ˵



26 ǾͲ
ʲô飬ʲôòģүҶѾίݹ룬һӣ۾һɵ
Ҷϯݲ飬ڲͬǵزĿ֮䣬𣬶Һܿͨ˻еʽвģ永޴й쵼ʾعעнվҶǰؽ͵
ţô˵Ҷһ豭һڲ裬Ȼ˹ʵ
нʾľٱǵزĿʽѣΪ̣ڲҶͥ˺˻еʽ𣬽ǵزĿ룬ΪΧ˰漰ʽڣǾһ׮Ͱ
ܣүҶȻϵǵزĿ֪µΪ˽ɲס⣬ڲ˾йӴҪɷʽעһʽԴõͼסɲס⡣ֻǺô´вףԱҺͣˣҶͥСͬ־ǱȽģôΥ
Ҷϯоڲ˾֮ǩĺͬӰӡнصرʾңмίǡίϯԴ·ǳעΪ˰漰裬һҪ
ԭӰүҶһûмίǣȻǼҪ飬ǾͲ
ǡҶͬˣнҲһɣʵмҲܣ飬ȻǾ֮Ȩġ
үҶ˵Ҷͥͬ־Ѿýˣôһ֣еûе飬вӰġ¶Ȼö˵ôô졣ʵݣôίҲãмίҲãԳ壡ĻǾͲҪҲˣ
˵⻰үҶɫͱ
нҲһȻȱ̬һתϯмίǡ
ˡ
öүҶ칫еĵ绰ίϯмί˻㱨õ˿϶Ĵ֮󣬲ŶԶүҶ˵λ쵼Ҷϯ飬顣
ǾͲ¡үҶ豭ǳǳغһڣȻޱ˵
ǡнӦһ˳ȥ
үҶһ裬ץ칫ϵĵ绰ҶǬ˹ȥϴӺмίѾˣֻǻǷб˲¡
֪ˡҶүҶǬǱ߶شĵǸӼࡣ
үҶҲû˵ʲô֪ϴ϶ˣӡ
ûãҶҲ֪˴¡
楴绰µѾмίԼ̸ĿȻǵزĿ
¶ûʲôõĵġҶϵ˻ʲô¾Ϳο
ҵ楶ԴǣϾǣס
Ȼίΰ참˽˵ҪʲôӣҲһЩߵģЩȨ£ûʲô˼ɣĶ楲ȡʩҲһ仰顣
ģǲҲǵİѱûзųѡҶгض˵
ʵϣ֪Ǿίϯмί֮Ҷˡ
λҶҲǶ˽⣬Ȼλûʲô⣬ֵõ˾ݬ룬Ҷ֪ϯһĵõ׳ɽ죬ϵͶ࣬һץһ׼
Ǿ˵¶ҶҶ裬ȻҲԴ
ʱִ绰˵Ǽίڹ˾ûҵκ֤ݣΪɣˡ
ʲôû˵Ͱ˴ˣ̬ȺܲãͺҰǷһ̫ˣȲǵԱҲǹҸɲίץʲô飿楱ʾǳŭ
ˣҶҲһ㶣û뵽ίô޼ɵô˼ҲǾ൱ҵҰ
ˣĸ˼žˡߵ
ţ֪ˣҸҶ̬
˵绰Ҷĥһ£͸ҶүӴ˵绰ȥүүôһ顭
Ҷү֮󣬷һ䣬Ϣȷʵ
һ鲻֪ˣҶش¶϶еģҲСҾͼҸɲһ¾С
֪ˡҶүӦһ˵绰
Ҷүӳһ£Ͳͨмίָǵĵ绰Զͬ־һ£мҪ̸һ̸



27 ͬ
Թ֮ҶȥѧУ
ҲԪݵһβţѡеĽĿҪһ顣
ѧУ쵼Ҳ˼ع˴һȵ뿪֮߶ͿʼˣȫǰԪıŴеġ
Ҷ˪ĽĿѪġڿһЩĽĿУȻΪѹϷԴģ˵һλʦϷǳá
˪ôûҶԼеԴĸоһ϶̤ʵ
˵Ҳ֣˵Ҷ˼ʮľ飬ӦǱȽϳȵǵ˪֮˾еԾ
Ӧÿ˰ɡ·Щȷ˵ǵĽĿȽϿ󡣡
ֵ˰СʱǰĽĿˡ
ӣ·ҲЩżôأ
ˣˣ˪˽һɫ޴£Ȼմѩߵ·ϣͻȻѩˣǵ¶
ԭʱ˪ȥ裬Թͷֿʼѩ򳵺ܲ㣬һ·Ҳߵ÷ǳܸϹ൱ˡ
ȻѩˡҶյ⿴ȥȻֵѾһ˪
˵ĺõһ󻶺
ʰߵʱ򣬳·˪˪ҲúԶôǺѴ򵽳ˡ
˵ʵڲеĻһˡ˪ش
Ҷˣû˵ʲôֻǴҴʰ˶תͷߡ
·˾Щˣ˪ֹҲ̫ɶˣŮǰ֪ͽһ£ûǰ;
˪΢΢һЦ˵ʵܺðֲǺ죬Ӭһճ㣬ӷˡ
ǵǡ·˵ͷ˵ʵҶú˧߸ߴ⡣
ҿ㴺Ķˡ˪Ц
˳֮󣬸
˪Ŵ˳Уʱ򣬹ȻѾ⳵ϵѩҲֵӡ
վ˼ӣ˪ýе䣬ʱ򣬴ţƤСѥӣеѩϲȵʱˣûš
һ߶ضŽţһ߶ǰȥ
ǰһվʮһ˶ĩ೵Ӧûܸϵϡ
ǰ˲һףȻһǳɫıʱܳ˹ͣ¡
˪ЩɻЩؿӡ
棬ӵܱȽ϶࣬Щܳģһǿ׳죬ǣ˪Щ飬ҲˣʱһֵϰıʱܳͣԼߣȻҪ㹻ľ衣
Ҫ֪ǰһӣͷ竿Ůѧ飬ֵúܴ󣬵ȴ֮оʲô飬˭Ҳ
ܳĳ¶ȴһϤס
ϳɣȥҶܳϿҵض˪˵
˪һҶʱһиɻôôܳû˵Ҷʲô󱳾ء
ˣҵȹ˪лҶĺ⡣
Ҷ˪ͷվȻҪ·Ǳ߶ǷйҶ˵ΪѩƹһЩͣˣɡ
˪߶˿Ȼûзй⳵ټҲһЩԥǵȲĻ߻ȥûСʱҲࡣ
ɣֲǹޡҶ
˪ԥһ£õȥȷʵʲôõѡ񣬾͵ͷӦˡ
֮ŷ֣ϰܳȻ
ҵĳӣƯ˪ܹܰ˴˵ĺЩΣǾ˸⡣
øĳӣƽʱǱ߶ԾͱˡҶشһ䣬ˣ
̩·´˪˵һַ
Ҷһ£Ǳ߶ʮӣȷʵеԶ
һ·ûʲôϰֻ·϶ǽİѩӿ졣
ʵϣҶҲԸ⿪ô죬˪ͬһСռ棬֮䶼ܹܵɢĵ㣬ȷʵܲ
˪ͬЩ̤ʵĸоУҶϵϢеЩ󣬵ֲǺų⣬֮һֺĸо
һûһţʮ·ҶӲǻ˰СʱŰ˪͵˵ط
ҶͣóȻ˪Сһֱ͵¥¡
лл㡭˪Լ¥£ʱúܷɣͷҶЦһµѩ·ԼҪСһЩݰݡ
ݰݡҶ˰֣ղ˪һЦ紺һ㣬Ūˡ
ȵ˪ȥãҶת뿪Ȼע⵽СܲھҲиߵ



28 ۣҪ
мίԶиͻȻ֣ͬίǣȫ߼ɲϣܺڲ˻֮нˡ
һεжǳͻȻʱڿᣬϵĸɲ϶ǽ貣ʱ˻֮ڴ̸ӻ㽨⣬ȫû뵽ᷢ顣
ʱ˾ըˣ»޷ȥ
ΪߣүҶӣŰ˸סǺڲھ󲿳ɫȽϵƺ֪¶
ྲ᳡ϽͷӶɺͳү֮ܲ׳ͳ
֮ܲУҪ˵صģȻܲıιıְܳģͺ˵ˡ
ί׳ίˮĵȴǷһ㡣
˻֮ʮ꣬ѾнΣͬʱܺڲȻеģұҲ̨ˡ
˻֮ϷǸģΪ˻¶ֶ൱ͨܶ쵼Ƚ⣬Ҳ٣ǳܺڲǽнǿҷԣļ£Ǵˡ
˵Ҳδؾôãʸϵĳ¼үӳȻѾȥˣȴйίίҲǽгίĴ涼бȽӰ
Ȼˣ¼үӳҶүҶǬҪһЩǲμӸʱһЩְľһЩ쵼˵ʱҲһЩһǶζʱڣӰޡ
ˣںܶ˵У¼үӳҲ൱˲õĴ
Ի᳡Ĵ󲿷ָ߼ǣ涼ڶִ¼үӳ;ί׳ίء
ֵһҲҶүһϵĹǸɣίǣмίԶиǣȴҶүӵˣڷͬ־һϵĺ
ѵ˵Ҷүһϵʼ򷽺ͬ־£ˣ
˵жǰԴ⣬ȴоʲôè壿
һЩϢͨȴ֪ǰ죬׶ڲĸҶͥУίмί̲飬˵ǣһزĿУϸ⻻Ǻ
ҶͥУȴҶүһϵĺɲһκпܻýġ
ҶֵͥģǾί׳ίˡ
ôһеüĿˡ
϶ҲҪҶͥɨҶүӵӣҶүһŭһ㶯ҵĺڲҲĺڲ㶯ǾĺڲҾͶܺڲ˭Ц
ôֱʣ϶ҶүģҶҶүӣҲ
Ҫ֮ˡ
ܿ죬ҶҲõϢ֪үӶ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣȫ߼ɲϣץĺڲ˻֮
үӵֱʣȻǲͬ죬ưҶˣͺ
ͨ籨ŵģȻǶүҶ
үӿ˵ͯδϲҶ˵һЩգ˵Ķ죬鱨׼ȷ
ү˵ĹȻʵҶ˵ãþյػһʽ𣬽˻ʹϵĻҶͥ߶϶ҪģүҲûôĵˡ
һ㣬ץ˻֮飬ҲҶģ˶үһֻķ
ô֪˻֮ƨɲɾүӶԴ˸еǳ档
̫ţһҲ֪ҶȴǻشҸĶǹ죬ҲȫջģⷽϢǱȽͨġ
١үЦһû뵽ҲС
Ǿ仰ô˵ţ棬ӵ
һΣĿˣһнүЦ
Ҷȴǽ˵ۻںأҪۣҪۡ
Сӣ˼Һڶˡүˣ۾һ
ү֪Ҷ⻰϶ǲģһнǣǿ϶Ǻܶģ˵˵һҲҪļʮŲ֡
ȻѾˣǾûбҪηηβһǳɴöԷûл֮䣬ǲѡ
οĻĳ¼үӳҲ޷Ҷ濹⡣
ľһЩ΢е˼ĲʾͲ˵ˣڴҶҪ˷ˣ뷨ȻǾԲ̵ܹġ
ҶΪĶ룬ȻҪеӦؼʱ̣ӾԲҡ
ЩֵˣȻҪеӦεģ죬Ҫġ



29 
ݶүӽһβ˻֮˳úܣϷǱ߶ܶûɾƨɣһץһš
Ϸڵ˾Ա衣󲮵ĺѣҪһ¹˻֮ϵ׶̫ӵ顣үӶҶ˵
ҶͷҲ漰ӵ⣬һΪԸ֦ڣҪ˾Ҫ鴦ĳ˵ĻȻͬ
ڿҶүӺͶүһͬʱƺзͬ־Ӱӣɺ֮ȻܹӲ˻֮нҲֻԡ
үҲˣܶ࣬Щ鲻ǫ̃Ͻ
ʲô˼Ҷһûףɵ÷һ䡣
ˣ漰ĳлǱɡ
ˮ㣬ﶼһ⼸Ȼһֱи߲ڷܣǾڲȴǲһȻȽΣ˵ڲû󣬶˵Ҫס
˵һнҪһУ׵飬ϾһУҪίһ׳׼ġ
ҶүӺͶүַ֣̬ǳټϹ˻֮ϵȷںܴ⣬ҲôͰѹ˻֮ߡ
˵ίЩ׳УҶ֮κһλҪ˻֮ѡ
ȻҶҲеزһε֮УҲзͬ־ĿǣҪͨһЩԼĴڸУھӰȻ˿ɼ
ֻôһͬ־Ǳ߶˵ʲôӦķӦ
Ͼ¼үӳȻйίĳίξίԱģͬΪйίеҪͬ־˽Ҳ൱
ԪˣеϯԪݾҪʽҶ˼һ档
ʵǰʲôģĲ󣬹ؼȽں˪Сĳ֣Ҷ˲е޷ˡ
ҶѰ˼Ԫݵ飬үȴֽӵ˵绰
ҪʲôүӵЩƣŵ绰Ǳ߶˵顣
µ绰֮󣬶үӾͶҶ˵ţˡ
ôˣº̨ˣҶʵ
ǳүӳүԼǺܵģҪ˵滹ҶүҶǬү˵ˣǾ˵ֳǿͦ˻֮
ʱ֪ˣʵҲˡүҡҡͷֻǵȻй˻֮ٺڲϣȴǺܹϹϵ⣬Ҳǰ뽵˽ǡ
ڵĺܶ飬Ӷ࣬ǹ˻֮˼ǧڵʽֻҪǷŭͲ̾Уǹöѣ֪¶
ҶˣȴôģתԶү˵ҪϰʱУүүҪ죬˽ȵˣǿɾò֤ˡ
ѵ֪ʲôүӵЩ
ˣһһ˶ɡҶڶүӶߵ˵˼ʲô
ү֮󣬵ûгɣһֶ˵ټίֱսӣʮӺж
̴绰ʼ֣ʮ֮󣬶ʮԽҰӻؿ˳ָص㿪ʼϡ
үȴǴҶųֱĵһطȥ
ĵһЩǲ⿪ŵģ߶һЩ߲ס߹ĵطԼ˵еĴڽ֮⣬ҲһЩطڸȨŵ˽
үӺҶĳӣҶ£ܿһ¹
ϸľ¹Ҳסίʵʸˡ
һ룬οӳһ档
˵ľүӿǶ֮󣬵Ҳûʲôرĸо
ʵϣھڸ߲ĸ⣬үҲȫȻû˵ֻˮ㣬κ鶼ⲻ飬ڲԾ̫صвĴǰ֮£һĴ̬ȣһ񲻾ٹٲ
̲ϴˣ߸Ȼи߸ɵĬϵĹ򣬼ǶүԾί׳ʵʸ˵ݣҲúӸ棬ӵĻһȺ˵ָ
Ͼ桭ҶָָǶ
ȷүЩʵ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵
ʵϣһס˹˻֮֮⣬Ϊ֪
ȥɡүӼҶʮƶԴӵһ˵
ǡнһ񣬱ָ˵ȣʼŶ롣
¹ľ״󾪣æ绰㱨׳ͻȻһȺˣֱѾʼˣ



30 粨
ʲôԷ֮󣬴Ϊ㵣ָʾסǣеĻȨǶǹе
˻֮⣬֪˲֪࣬˻϶ǺеλģȻһ±ҿ֮󣬾ɶķ粨ĵһһסЩҪ뽫ľǡ
ΪĿ꣬ϧ¹
ǲð졭ΪѵԷ˶࣬ҶǹеҪģǵоίľ
ί֮󣬶ʱһԥһ£ȴûٶ˵ʲô˵绰
ʱѾƿ˴š
һţүӾͷȻǱж졣
ĴŰԻƽ죬ڵˮͷͰĳˮҲýӴ죬Ȼҫ۵ĺܡ
Ҿ߶Ǹ߼ڻһЩԽϺľƻ֮ģļֵϰ
٣û뵽˻ֱ֮ʣǴúšүӿۣЦ˵
û뵽˻֮ھصأȻҲôš
ⶰռһլڴһЩ濴ʲôرֻ֮нں󣬲Żоڳ輫
սӵʿǽΧסүӺͼ߼죬ʼ鿴ڵֻڰһرĴӴɳҶԷۺɫϵΪǰһڵĴӣӾȾ֪֪ǹ
̨ҲǽڻŮҲǶ񣬼ֵơ
ôҸеԾģǽԹ˻֮鸾ΪرƳɵıֽƬеŮԼʮңƬȫգǧ˰̬ƶɣһ˴Сѩ鼫֮ܣü˶еࡣ
ڵ43ĵӺӰ豸ĿǰȽģȻŪģڴͷɢһЩþߣ١
ҶȻ˳סĿһɨͷһڷ¼Ĺӣϰ¼涼бдıעΪ
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޳ܣүӿۣŭɶ
ֻǵĻ棬˹˻֮ͼŮӲľ󣬳߶֮ţȷʵЩզ࣬вһЩƨƨΣ˻֮һͬѰֵ˵УҲһЩеϤס
ֵĶ󣬴ڸܲĹŵԱ
ǽϾŵᡭ벻һзݶѲľٿˣɵõһ
Ҷû̫עʱôһ˵ע⵽Ļ棬һòܳɫŮӣȻҲǾеһǣɵҡҡͷ
ƽʱͦģû뵽Ǽ״һ
˵ҲǺɨ˵飬ھҲഺżԱӵ٣ʱǽЩϵݴȥĻҪһƬġ
עⱣܡӵһ˵
ǡھӦһˡ
ҶҲǴҡͷ˷֮ͷ֣йصĴֻһ̶ҲȽϿϵᴩ£ЩͣûгʵԵŮΪǸձˮûе֣Թ˻ֶ֮Σܲ¡Ʒ
̶ҡҶһ£ֱ㽫̶¼ˡ
ѲľЩΪѣЩɶֲ֤֪ҶݣֻӵĽȥ
˭֪ӵĽֻҡҡͷĿתƵһ߶ûֹҶΪ
ˣ֤ءǾôһ룬ɴҲˡ
ڷ鿴ȴ洫ֳµоʻʱ
ʲô˵ô󣿡үӲɵЩ졣
˵ʱǳʱȻûֱӴүӵĽƣȴҲнӣ˾ίѾ˲õĴ£ô˸Ź֣
ǶԷҲΪ˹˻֮ĽݾԲ̫͡
ɻ֮䣬һеĶԽͻȻ׳ίˣϯ
׳ϯˡүӻ㱨
ӣߡүЩмغһǾ£ҵҪһʲô˵
ΪίʵϵĵһˣүӲŲϯʲô
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ𣬾ίϯίϽɫسڷүڵվһ¡



31 Ŷֹ
Ҷϯá˶ү֮ȾһЦݵʺ
ϯҲáүػһ
ȻһӣҶЩʵ˼
ĸ߲ǶүҶ;ίϽ֮ĹϵôƽʱšĻԭ˳˱Ҫĳ֮⣬ٻ档
һΣΪ˻֮İȻλίϯȷʵ𾪡
Ȼ˵Ƕүվλãȴе΢պҵſڣסȥ·Ծǲϣȥ˼
Ҷϯ㵲סҵ·ˡرָ
˵⻰һ˫ء
Ȼ˵үӸͲ࣬ͬΪί׳еʵȨȴرǸίճүҶǾίʵʻˣһξίԱݵλԡһ׳ָӰˣҲǾί׳͵һ׳˵ôүھίڲͿһԾŶ
ʵϣίĴ󲿷ֹүӶһԶϾһ׳ָӰˣƽʱ̫ྫھί߶ֻǹעһ¶ѡ
үӵķ⣬Ǹ˾ܹõԣͿǸλãҲһѡ
ϧǣүȵռסλãӲȻĶԹԡ
үҶסģҪ˻֮·ͬʱסģǨ֮·
·ͨүҶҲ֮ԾͺٺһЦ
ҶСҲҵλã˹ʺˣί׳λãҲģȻҪһҶҺô
ҶҴӾңھһȻúأүҶǬǴӾת磬Ҷҵĵӻھ߶һЩһЩ󱲺ϵ֧ϵǣ඼ھְԶԣñȽϺõģȴǲࡣ
ҶϯΪίˣȨ֪﷢ࡣɫ
Ǻżģ˻֮ͻȻߣܵΣյϢϾи߲˭֪˻֮һ׳ɽ죬Ϊ˵ֱӴ
ǹ˻֮ϣʲô⣬ԼҲǺԵίѲ˻֮ĽЩżظ˹ȴû뵽үҶ߶
Ҿã㻹ǲҪȥΪáүҶڵȰ
ΪʲôѵﻹʲôùĶط
үҶ϶ش֣ûף֪˻֮ʲôӣеҪ֪߶ʲô䣬һҪȥģܶүҶ͵ſڡ
һҪҲǲУֻҪԼڡүӺȻһתֹҽͨҵͨ˳
ֻҪһܹ߽˻֮ңľ
ʱȴеˡ
òýȥһͬүҶԣʲôʺԼĶôóȻȥĺʲôȷʵЩԾ
ԥʱȴһλ˶װ¶Цݣ˳˿ʱ򣬻ζЦЦЩĸо
ʲôˣȻǾίϲĳʲô˾ܽģȻԶүҶЩɵȴڽ˷˵ĳ֣ʱͺһ
ֶӡүҶڴһȻֲطٱġ
Ҫ˵ʲô⻰ʱһЩɵؿ˿ҶȻ֪ҶֶӣǾ׳ҶǬӣҶҵڽӰˣǲġ
еԾģǶүҶ˵طȻҶٱִʲô˼أ
ҶҺ޼ɵعȻվ˳ҪԹ˻ֻ֣֮˵Ѿ޷ڵĵزһά֣ҲĹۡ
뵽Ѿû谭ſڣ˲˾ϡ
ȻҶϯίˣôίȻҪؾίľȻֱͦ˶һرʾȻˣôҶϯҾ͸ˡ
˵֮һתһ̲뿪ˡ
Ҷǰ˻֮ңһ̽ûУŶֹ
ţȻϣվǳɲʲôġүҶ뿪ıӰҡҡͷЩм˵



32 ˶ˣ
үҶȻĵ
ԶүÿĴſڣڴ룬ٻ˵߱һ˵ɱھְǱȽϷʵģȻˣη֮绢ת뿪ˣֻ˵У̫࣬ʧȥΪһ˵ȫתΪһͷβ͡
ˣүҶȻǿġ
ˣӦЩʲôˣүҶ˶Ҷ˵
ô˵˼ҲʱҶȴǾãһ֪ȡᣬ֪ܺͣԶһľҪڶԸ
þί鴦ڲ˻֮нжչΪ˳
ǲ鲻֪һһһܺõĵүҶһû뵽˻֮Ȼôеڲıսʶˡ
ӻתƵʺʽͲ˵ˣǿһ޵׶ڽ߶Ļÿ굱оͳǧʹһ֡
˻֮ſڵһֵжʮ򣡡үھίίϣ˵
˻̰֤֮ݣѾͨͼķʽŵÿһλίίԱУҿ֤ɽϣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôʱĳίᣬǶүҶһ˷ӵ̨
ί׳ίϽɫȻǺѿġ
Ĳ˵ֻ˵ʱ˻֮Σһֲּģͺܹ˵ˣ¹˻֮¶׵ܵӰģȻǲܹ˽ǣȻġ
үҶ鴦˻֮Ȼ߾ڲҶͥһ⣬ֻǰڣҶû뵽˻֮ϵأҶͥɶ¶ûв
Ϊ£Ҳܵ˼λίǵɣȻûʣȴҲǳΡ
ˣүҶһٽεУҶͥΪǰѡʱҲûиҷԣֻȨˡ
һҶͥٽôľڲһְͻԶת
һεıƴүҶǻʤ
֮ǰйίĳίΪͷԹ˻֮¼˵ҿг̰ŵıȽϿ֮ԶˣĻҪֳһЦġ
ϳ¼ҸҶ֮ìܲ٣õܳǱͷ֮һһλУҶһվڵϣϳ¼һܷӵĻǻᱻȺ֮ġ
֮ܶһεİսУҶüϳ¼һͷ
һеŪˡүӶҶ˵
˻ڶүҶİ칫УȻǸŴزڱһգǷǳů͡
үһ裬ڸҶƷ
ʵҲ㲻Ūգֻһε飬Ҳһ⣬ϳ¼ҶҶңʵǶúܽҶһڲˮػش
ԭүҶΪԼͨҶͥŲһʽ𣬲ʲô¶Ҳһ֮ھͿԻû˻֪¶ǲһ¾ͱϳ¼Ҹ֣ҶҶ֣ͥȷʵЩϡ
ҲҺҶ߶Ѿն񣬲һʽ𣬼ʱ©Ļ룬ҶͥԼܹڹҶҶԣҲһСĴһΡ
ǼûôЩ©⣬ԺͲˡүҶ豭ߴ˴ƯڱĲҶܳȵضҶ˵
ʵ£µľǲܹ⣬ȥֽ
ҶҵļҷһǱȽϽģپͲҪ̰Ҫ׬ǮԣԼȥҶٷݣԼºȥ̣׬ǮǮʲô֢
Ҫ˻죬ԶҪմ߶鷳¶ܶ࣬λүҲ
֮ԻͬҶ˶үҶҶǳϲ֮⣬һԭ򣬾ҶķǳλǽǮѣֲռʲôģⷽ棬үҶΪǿ֧һµġ
ȻҶûзŴ󻰣˹黹һʽ֮⣬ͬ⽫ǵزĿУһ߷棬ڸƾס֮ãһڶүҶǷǳֵÿ϶ġ
̸м䣬үҶһɫ绰ͻȻ
үɫһ˵绰ţҶ
ֻǲһӵʱ֮󣬶үӾͷ˵绰ضҶ˵ȻԤϣ˶ˣ



33 е
1991117賿˵ĿϮжʼʵʩ
ϮɳĮ籩ƻĸս׶εǰ֮Ϊս֡
ƻ׶ͬʱʼͷƽһﵽȶĿꡣ
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ͳƣʼʱս5425%ϣװʧ3045%
Ϊʵʩսܲ½Ҳƶ˾սۼƻǡɳĮƻüƻʵǡɳĮ籩ƻɲ֡
ƻ5Ӽִеս
ʮ˿սսʵʩжϿսͬ󷽵ϵ߾սжεص˹͹ӣڵ߾Ǳϲӡܲ½սӺͶϲӣǽΧغ󷽼ڵӣǣսս۲ӣбߺͶϲӵİӽſС
͸ϿյĿϮըķ׳־ͬʱըģһֱӸ߲µͼۡ
ʯڻ۸˿չĿϮжӦ䣬һ֮ڣʹԭÿͰ39ԪңһӾ͵ÿͰ25Ԫ
ҶУ40000ʯڻһӯ14000Ԫ㣬ܻѾ56ǧԪϱ𽫽7Ԫӡ
7Ԫڵ绰Ҷ㱨ʱǷġ
ȫû뵽Ļᷢչ˵ز
Ҷ֮ǰжϣһһӦ飬һµʱ䣬Ȼ˷棬ʵĿֱ࣬޷Լ۾
˰ɣѾûʲôµĿռˡҶ侲طԸ
7ԪѾҶԪʣۺҴ35ڵӣŽķչԪһʲֻҪһЩ
Ҳ1994ʱԪһʣͻ8.6Ҳ˵7ԪԶһԼ60ң
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ں֪Ҷʲô֣Ͼ7ԪУҪʲô鶼Ƚףȫ㴢Ҳ110Ԫҡ
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ȻˣһζʱڵĲȻԶͶΪΪѡ
ӣҲãѧУﻹһҪöǱоһ¡Ҳȷʵеƣˡ
ζʱҪ˵ģǲܵģ楺ǷܹڵΣдͿҶĲǷܹɹȻ֮ǰѾ黹˾ʽ𣬿ǱϾǵزĿûг׽
ʱ䶨Ҷڹʯڻгд׬һʣ7Ԫ35ҵʽ𣬻ʲôˣ
Ҫ֪ҵ⣬ǧʽӡ
Ȼˣҵ⣬ĻӰ죬ʱǵزĿ˾ֵӰ죬ѹǿԺԲơ
ţɣϸ㻮ǧȥǱ߶ʽȱ⣬Լ˾УҡҶһ£ֶ˵
ǧ𣬲һҵӡ
Ǯҵ⵱Ȼӭж⡣
ˣȴһЩӣǮѵǮˣ
Ȼ˵ζʱҶĽӴǺܶ࣬ҲҶļǳ˵ãĽ϶ҲҴŹ㣬ֻںڰеˣֻһ԰Ҷ׬ǮĴҶֳǿƣȷʵ楸еЩ𶯣һЩ뷨
極ҪҶ꣬һڶĲʿվһŮӣִֽȴֳڴͳͥеŮӣԼĵһȻһرĸ飬Ȼ¶еơ
ע޷Ҷ޳ȴҪΪһҶ޷ȱŮˡ
һ㣬楻һЩĵģϾһרҵĲʿ߽ⷽΪר͵ҶŮˣһǳҪ
Ǹ֮⣬Ժܹ𵽵ãҪӸҪ楰Ծ



34 źС
Ҷǲ֪極˼ôء
ӵľҪǷѧҵ棬Ȼ˵ļߵԺУѡѾɼѹҶĵӾͺܺãټƽ׶˼ʮ飬Ȼϻӣ߿ҲûжʱգõҲ޷ܵ顣
ҲһЩ飬޷ר
塭
մ¿壬Ҷ˳ȥ
еĽѧ¥ǵ¥˽ҵĹΧţԿΡ
4ھҶǰҲԶͬ࣬Ҷӿǽϣ۾ŶԶڽеһ¥۽ǵȴǶڸ4Ĵš
ϧúܣҪˣûг֡
ѵϲģҶЩ˼
һϣҲûп˪֣ʵϣ⼸ûз˪У԰ټ
Ҷ٣˭أȻʵ
ҶŤͷһȴίԱ·ڸ˵
·һɫףΧһʰ쵵˿ȥЩµĸоȴֲԵжӷףֻ˵ȷʵȽϳڡ
죬£ҶȽעⱣů·ĴţҶŷԼ·һЩˡ
ֻҶҲЩ֣һζʱ¶ȱ仯ǷǳУƺ¶ӰССǴһëҲþǵĺжôԶԸ
ѵǱϳ¼һһ񾭣ҶȻһЩõ롣
֮⣬ûʲôĺ֢Ƕ˲ٺô
ҶҡҡͷſڶԳ·˵㰡ôãų
˭㰡·ɫһ죬༥ֲǿڵ˪
ҲܿҶһ
·һԴʶ˪֮ѧУϿεʱͶˣ¶û¶ܣΪ˼һ𣿡
⻰˵վסţΪʲôͲڵ㣿ҶЦ
ң·ЦмＸԼ֪
·˵ĻеζŪҶЩΡ
˵ʵЩŮǣҶȤֻܴҶԼ۽̫ߣǰҲǸߵӲѱ߲ݵԭ򣬲ûڰ꣬һЩŮԹ
·ԸȽϻŮӣȻַǳƯŮȴҲˮ׼֮ϣļѣ׷ֻܶ࣬ȴû˵ʲôţȻţױջ
ܺðǸš֪Ҷһ߶˵ȴ֪ӦݣֱֻȻţΪ·һ
ϹȻʲôء·оɫЩ̣ҶȻţҲҶһ
˵˼仰Ͽˡ
ҶŤͷһ¸4źȻûп˪֡
ȥμѵˣ֮ǰܶѧУ·һ˵
ŶԭҶˣʱȻ
˵ڵ˪ߡ·ҶһۣȽ˽ҡ
Ů˾ͻԴףС
Ҷų·뿪񻱳Ӱʼ硣
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˺ǿ󰡣ϮķһƢҲûУ߿ƼȻһʦЩĽ˵
ʲôôһʦ򷴲ףսҪ½ʤ˲ܰ˶ըƽɣڳʣӵкյľƣ󻹲Ǳ־ԸߣҲһ
ô˵ʱûе㿴ڣȫ˵İߵȵѹ˵ķëȵһͷʤûǸʦЩػؾ
Ҷֱҡͷڵĺܶˣ˼άͣʮǰ
Ÿ߿ƼڼеӦãǼ죬ƵըǵȼװӣսǰȣѾͬնǰƴ̵ǧ֮⣬ѾԶ˵ԷָӲ
۹ڵľӽ裬̰ȴǺܶ࣬ǰ¶֮ھľͶ࣬ǾķչϣȻЩҪĸо
սıڹڶԣʵһ飬һսʵ˵ڵľִҲҵ򣬽ȸҲǿ
ҶĥţЩǿԸүӺͶүһᣬֻҶھζȽϸߣǲʺⷽıȡҵĻŪһϵҲˡ
¿֮󣬴ҶȥԷĵУҲڲźսһЩ棬һͿ
Ȼýζܹŵģȷʵûм
Ų֮ת̨ʱҶע⵽һ۵Сţͬ־ȥħˡ



35 
һ˳֮Ϊħ
ħзȷʵЩţȴȽҲ˵ϰ߳Ȼ
Ϊĸ￪ŵͷһЩϵ˼ƶĶǵһУķչԵЩˡ
𾩳ĳЩ棬ӻøߵø죬ʶҲǰһЩ
񾩳Ȼڹա硱աʡ۵ĹȦ֮У߶ѾȦӵˣҸĵģǷˣΪеϰǶξԶ֮ȴԾȤŨԲŻᱻԡħĳƺš
ͬ־ھסеı֮УҲϰе֮ء
꣬һĴƵ֮꣬Ȼö˵ΪѵõģĻȽϺã򿪴ܹܵںϵů磬þڱиɰˣеһЩϢ
ͬ־֮Уûʲôر壬ֻĸϰ߶ѡ
ΪϷˣͬ־ϲйڣǰʱ뷨Ѿٹξֵ飬ԼѡĽӰˣȷǼεġ
ֻһ쵼㣬һЩġ
Ȼڸĸ￪ŵľе⡣
Ϊǰ飬һ˵ĸ￪ţ۲˵ЩĲĺ˵Щ޹ʹ׻Ҫ쵼ǣƺΪˡƽݱ䡱龫ǡ
ٶ̫ˣͬ־ƿŴ󺣵ĴЩ˵ҵ˼ǣֻѾȡõȶλػǾٶȣҪ𲽵غΪʲôǸѵЩ˵˼άͷӻҪ
һλʮˣϽվڷͬ־š
ڿĲ輸棬ʮݶӰı־ȫ˷ˡ
أЩǾǱسı־ϵأЩ־棬ڷͬ־֮УȻǾڲᡣ
һַǳΡ
ݵʱ˼ұϹϾҽ˵Ѿ̫ˣûµĻˡͬ־ڵغʿƺһζʱ䣬˵ô࣬ȴȫûʶ̬У˻ҲЩ־棬һ֡
վڷͬ־ˣһ£ͬ׳Ĺ۵㣬ʶ̬ȲϰյĶӸҪ÷չˣܹܶӭж⡣
ͬ־ˣͣͲԸԶŶȲѽ
׳廹ܽ˶߶߶ҲǶǹĶ١˹ػش
ǺǣԸ˵㾭ֵÿ϶ġͬ־תЦŶ˵ҺȻ13ǰʱ˽ǡҲͬھǽûҵģҾ˳Ĵ˴ҵڣУбҪ˵ʲô
зǳӭ׳˷ǳϿҵر̬
ͬ־ؿ˿ˣ˵ͷ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶүӼеʱҶ˵Ļɵ̾һҶҵǸӣ򵥡
ȻͬҶԣ߶ȫûоѹֵķΧѾеĸоˡ
ˣЩ죬ȴ׳ΪʲôͻȻᵽҶҵӣһ֮⡣
˵ҲһЩƽϣ׳־϶Ҫһ˿ع᳹ȥܾǱ߶ʲô̬ȣħ߶һҪͳһ˼룬֧֡
ǵúڵŵģڷչú;˼붷֮䣬϶Ҫһѡŷͬ־ľȷģңһ۳䶨Ļ߲ĸֿ϶һЩ΢
ôһֱĿԣͻᱻ޷Ŵ
Ҳһͬ־зԼǱ߶϶ЩģվϣȴһǳѵõĻᣬһͬ־˳ۣ뼸ͷУܴ
Ͼɾ͵˸ÿʱˣҪȨ࣬ھͱ׼ɾ͸ϲˡ
뵽˾ͶԷͬ־˵׳߶һдӣιӲʸҲõó֣ԵĻ׳ᵽһЩ⣬һϵеĻ
ûʲôͬ־ˣЦŻشĵ̣Ȼҵԭ⡣
һġ˻ش
һЦԵ÷ǳг
Ҫˣϣ󡣡ͬ־Ŵĺ棬Ȼ˵ôһ䡣
϶ġˣ˼ظ͵
վڴǰȴǱһǰһ̬ȻñȽϽȴֿһľ룬޵ĸд



36 չ
ת۾ͽĩԵĻڣ⼸쵱УҶһֱææµµƣӦԾ
ҲǸ׶֮Уһʽĩˣһ˴ڣͽ߿ʱʱ춼ҪԸֲԿԣֻΪһ̡
ʵϣڵľӵܶԣڸ߿飬ȻǷǳ㡣
ԭҪΪһУ֮󣬱ҵҪȫģǽ䵽ʡôǵĻھ޷ôеòʧ
ϾھǵĴ˿ԼΪʿһԴһָ߸ϵԽУͺ񵱳İӵһ
ҶҲһ㣬ǵ˶֮һǵĻڣȻܹʮ£ͺܹ˵⡣
ҶԣȻ⣬μӸ߿ֻΪ˻һѣϾƾԼʵһƴѧڶ֮˵ҲԵñȽһЩ
ҶУ˪¶ˣҲǾһƳѡ
ȵԽʽź֮ǰ˪ֲˣҶеЩȻ
ǳ·ʱҶǰζƺеûһ˼
Ҷڳ·ĸоһЩģϾ·̫ǻ𣬳ҲȷʵˣֻҶҲף·ЩʵĳЩǱȽϱصģˣ¾ǲ˦ˡ
׶ΣҶԼǳһ鷳
ʱĿ⣬ҪǼںǱ߶
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˵Ŀ⣬ֻͣڽΪǳԵĲϣ˵űһ찮ߵ˼ö˵ķëȵķַʲôر۵ȵȡ
ʱ򣬹ڵ۵Ȼǽ˵аһģ˸ͬ˷ĵֿΪڿأǸʲôطأֻ˵;Ƚ϶ѡ
ŶֱˣڲĵǰΧ۵ѧУһ
Ļϳֵһ£ҶԴҲĸȤ
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˾ȴδȫֹëȡķ䡣
սǰδõκйʹսƻ鱨ֻԤ͵ġëȡƶʽװôԼ3050ס
רΪսʱһǰ׼õط䵼Ϊ˱Ӧ׼ǰҪߵͨţԼҪ1Сʱʱ䣬ˣԼʱֲݻ١ëȡƶʽװá
ʵսУ׼ɷֻͨ10ʱ䣬Ѹ뿪Ϊ˸˴ۡ
սڼ䣬88ö󲿷սڣпսһܷռ40%ƶʽϵͳҪʹãҪĿɫУϲҪĿ˾沿ӡͰ֡
͸︽ҲһЩװãΪʹáڡëȡоȲߣϴ˾ʧ󣬽һΣ䵽һӪڣը28ˡ
Ϊͨҹ䷢䵼սʹú豸ƶʽϵͳ42η䣬ֻʱը8ΣЧҲ롣
Ȼ˲ûȫصëȡȴҲչʾˡߵǿʵһս˵̵һλչʾ
ҶҲս֮˺ܶĽͺзϵͳƻᵽ˺ܸߵսϡ
¶ҲӦøү˵˵ءҶѰ˼š



37 ನ
ҶҪүҶӡ
飬ȻòϽܣֻǶԣҶľӵܣǾи߲ӵܣʵַͬ衣
ҶĳӣǳɫıʱܳҲھίģһ·ϳͨؿ˾ίԺ
Ҷͣó֮󣬾ί¥ȥ
үҶİ칫ңѾüΣȻҪ˴·
Ҫ¥ʱ򣬾ͼһɫҴҵشӴ¥˳ʮˣӵһλͷ׵ķߣ˸档
һˣҶȴϵõģ֮ǰľί׳ίϽʱλͷ׵ķߣƺͿ͡
Ҷ״Ծرܹһԣվһ࿴ͨ
λͷ׵ķżȻƳһۣͿҶƺЩ֣ΪʲôίԺȻôһѧģˣȴû˵ʲôֻǱ˳ȥ
ҲҶһӡģ֪ҶҵĵǾͷ׵ķ߶ߣĵ˵һҶǬӡ
Ŷͷ׵ķˣоһ˵ͷ
뿪֮Ҷͽ˴¥ֱȥ˶үҶİ칫ҡ
үҶڷԸʲô飬ҶˣкԼһȻ˵þ鴦Ǳ߶鱨һ£Ǹֻᣬճٿ
Ӧһʰһϣͳȥˣ֮ǰҶһ衣
ôˣѧУżˣѧϰɼôд㱨һԺУүӼûҶ⵹ǲ٣һҲ
ҶʱһЦȻҲܵ˶үҶԼŨŨذ֮顣
үһ̣֣ܹˣѪмЩûгŹҲʵףԼûŮһȫ׸˵͹ңԶڴҶǬϥµЩǣͬ
ϴҶԸ̫һЩϷǱ߶չȻȴҲ٣ܶүӵĴھҶöү֮ġ
Ȼ˵үҶǬҶӣͬǳϲֻΪĶ׳ÿʵ̫ˣ͹˲ϸҶƽʱһ涼ѵģҲǹڵʱһ˲лžֻۣ۵ʱҲá
Ҷûлشүӵһ⣬ȴǶ˵ղҽʱ򣬿һ˳Ŷͷף֣һǣƺݵӣ֪ʲô
Ŷǳϳ¼ҵҲǽгίģйίĳί֮һίԱġүһ֪Ҷ˵ʲôˡ
ŶǼҵĶͷҶʱˡ
Ȼ˵֪ҶмȽʵĶͷϳ¼Ҿ֮һϳ¼ҵȷ
Ҳ֣ʱʱǹλΪҵһζӣӰһֱڱ⵭ͨ˶ӡ󣬲̣ĹҲ˽⡣
ϳͻȻƻΪ˹˻֮顣үһĥ֪ˡ
˻֮飬Ȼûг׵ǽĿǰյ֤ѾǾ󰸣ͨԼƿغڲʵȨŲȻʩչǬŲƵֶΣֵڵʱӻ
ӹ˻֮Ľ鳭Ļƽ鱦ֵֽҲԪ֮ޣļֵΪܵгȶأһʱ֮׼ȷֵǱҲһǧԪˡ
˾̰ȻܹһΪܺڲнΣֱǲ̵ģүҶ̬ȷǳһ׳ͽӰ˶ԴҲ̬ȷһҪһ鵽ף෨졣
ֻڰ참ʽ棬һ硣үҶҶ˵з磬еΪҪϰЧȣеŵ͵Ŀǰ޷ϣҹѹҲȽϴһЩ
ҶͷȴףǣһЩ߲ζˡ
ÿһΪ̰ܻǣǵĺ̨һһϵеζ֮ٷ⣬һι˻֮ǣȻ͸Ӽˣһʱ϶޷Э
Ļ˻֮ǷпҶǵԣЩʡ
ȴҲ˵үӾȻûзֿԣʽ֮ӡ
ˣҲֱίԺԲߡ
ʱҪϢųȥˡҶĥһӣȻǰһ˼·ͻȻˡ



38 Ȼ
Ϣųȥүһʱ
˵үûڿϢųȥ֮󣬾ʲôĺ
˻֮ȻץϢھڲ߲Ա֪֮ίԱ֪ίίԱ֪Ϣй¶ȥǾҪŪþ˽֪ˡ
˭Ҳұ֤Ϣй¶ȥ֮󣬻᲻ķ̰˳Ͼǰ귢飬Ŀ˵ͷܹ̾ѣ
Ϊ;ӵĸ߲㣬үҶУȻԴΪصġ
Ȼ˻֮Ǳ봦ģΪ棬һЩòҲǲܴӦģͿԷʲôĲʽѡ
ȻһеǰᣬǱ뱣֤ᶯĸ
ҶȴΪүӷСӣҰģΪһ֮˽ȻδɲȻҰȵλȥǶԵԹҡӵزΣȻ¶ţվĸǶϿӦ÷ŹϢųȥүүȫ봦֣
봦֣үˣһ֣˵ɶ¶
ϸһ룬үӾҶġնġˣҪƹ
ܺڲĸнô⣬Ϊίʵʸ˵ĶүҶҪԼΣȻ˵ùȥģǶүӶ봦ˣΪһչ˲ι˻֮Ͻ˵ԼһζûУ
ΣֻȶүӴöࡣ
Ҷ˾٣ҪƵ
׷쵼εĻ϶Ӳģֻε⣬ֵȶˣֻҪǶүӿϲҶ⣬ܴԭλϣҲؼھĻȨҲ𽥱
үĥһӣҲ˼ƽϣǱȽͬҶĽ飬ֻǣϳ¼ҵĳһ𣬺ԾҪͦ˻֮ģҲҪҵļǷųȥҲδؾܹϾйίĳίϯξֻĸ߲㣬ݲңӰҪö࣬˼ұϾгίҪ
Ҷͷ֪үӵĵģҲеģڱǡΡ쵼˶ݣҲǳ̬ھкмĵ̣ô׶Ըģйίγίȫȥġ
Ҷһһٵ߶ϳµ֣Ȼ˵Ҳûа취Ըģ취ɡ
ʲô뷨ү
ֶӣүӵϲȻ߿һۡ
йίȻҲûô鷳¶Ҷİõػش
йίүӵһĵӵǹʵģˣ
ʵҳ룬ⲻʷչıȻˡҶ˵
׳нȻõİ취ʵ֡үӵ
Ҳδأҿൽ굳ǰйίӦøʷ̨ˡҶȴضԵ
Ҷô˵Ҳеġ
йίĲʱΪ쵼Ͻһ֯ʽĿʹйίԱữͬʱһЩͬ־˳һ֮󡰼һáίԱϵֺͲı
Դǰ꣬ͬ־ȫ쵼λ֮йίĴڣͳһȽε⣬ȡھ
йίϾһ쵼ǸίԱᲢ۵ģܹеĶǶԵ͹һ׵ϸɲйίίԱ40ϵ䣬ɵȫѡٲ
йίĳ֣һеľٴ룬Ϊ˰Щ쵼λȴֲȫ˵쵼ǣҲһʱڵĲѴʩ
Ȼ˵йίƱҪģʲôʱ򳷣˭ôô򵥵顣
үȻûпǹйί᳷飬Ҷķų˻֮¼Ϣǳ̬ͬȵģֻ鲻ʺ
ͿˡҶЦŽԼϡ
Ȼڶʱ򣬾СϢѾˡ
˵ˣܺڲĸ˻֮нΪ̰ץˣ
һΪǼϢأԭҲ˵˰
¶ٲˣ˻֮Ǹȥ䱸ɭϰ
˼Ǿǽ䱸ɭϣôܿõ
һ¥վ¥Ķ¥ϣ㻹˵Ķܱ϶ǳ¶ˣ
޷粻˰ֽ֮ˡ
˻̰֮ץϢһ֮󣬾Ҳ޷ˣھȻ󲨡



39 Ƶ
ž
һֻոµİ״ɲ豭ˤ˵ϣʱһصĴƬ
ľ˹׳ɫ࣬ʮֿ¡
Ĭ߽ȥӣʼʰЩƬȴЩȣղ׳黹ܺãôͻȻתˣӣбĿܡ
ǰгίйίίʱǳơ
컹˽Ӵоһ˻֮ǲôʧأֵʱڣŸ߲Ҳϣ˻ֵ̰̫֮˶޹⣬޷̨
ҲõܣҲ׳ĳͨѹ´¡
֮£˻֮ȻƱȥְް˰ҲܱȥôһĿҲʹﵽˡ
ǣȻƴ䣬ԭֻС˲֪Ĺ˻֮Ȼôˣͻȷʵ˼ı
Щ飬һڵ̨ϣͲòˡ
ϾǿԲٿҲǲɱεģңϳ¼ҵĶ棬кܶͷģЩܹ׹Ȼǲܵġ
ľ棬ϳ¼൱
Ȼ˵õܳͷ֮һλȨأת۾͸жˣҲܹϷһã֮ҪӦԣһδ֪
ԼйίίίԱҲϯֻ飬Ȼڹߺش޷ӵãͱϾˣйίϾڶ߻ܹͬίԱгίᲢۡ
ϳ¼Ķӵǣ϶ڸ·չϺ޷γһϳ¼ҵ쵹£ôɢĿҲǴڵġ
˻֮һϳ¼ҵĴҲܴ֮ǰͨ˻ֵ֮һЩ飬пܱڳϳ¼ɷǳӰ졣
ڳڴģǴ˰͵˻֮ΪֹǧҪǣĻǾķǳ鷳ˡ
Ϊˣϳ¼ҿ϶ҪٸһЩۣҲǱƲѵ顣
ȻˣƵˣֹһ
гί֮һ׳Ҳܲá
ĳίͷϣһ׳ͬ־˹˻֮顣
Ȼͬ־̬ȴ࣬Ĺ˻֮УָʾزӦþ˰ȫһ
⣬ϳͣһʵͬ־˵⻰ʱǼģ̬ʵģǿġ
λίĿ⣬ҲڳϣóЩǱϾ˭˻֮Ǿί׳֮һϽȥģϽȴϳ¼ҵĹǸھм
ҲףһҪɻأ²ôס
ͬ־λһ׳ʱ䲢ĺܶ๤ڣǶھӹһոսֲãûԼ
ǱȽϸӵģھί߶Ҷҡϳ¼ҡ϶ҡϳҡҡҵȸУ˳
ͬ־֮ǰûھֲԼһΪһ̰壬ҲӰ쵽һͷŵҪء
ֻǾӵһУûкʵĻᣬͬ־Ҳ氲ԼϾҶһչĹ
ǣ˻֮ͻȻ¶͸˽ͬ־һֵĽˡ
ţͬ־Ŀ⣬ӦǶ˾ί׳֮һϽˣԹ˻֮һССнְλ϶ǷŲͬ־еġ
ҶүӶԴˣûзʲô
ҶҶҺϳ¼һǶͷھеӰҲ޼ʱϳ¼ұŵ˻տҶȻּɣϣûбҪʲôˣгûٵˡ
ζȻпἤңǴҷ緶ҲҪ
ֻɢ֮ҶүӾ͸үӴ绰ѯʴ£˻֮飬ôŪֶ֪
¶үˣʱЦ
ЦʲôҶүӶԼ׵ܵܣҲûʲôƢ
Ǻǣ¶ûȥӣȽһЩүЦŻش
ŶҶүһƬɣ֪Լʲôϵ
ʵֵ֮䣬ƽʱ϶绰йͨģϾλȨأһ쵼ˡ׳һǾίʵʸˣͳȨ࣬ȻֵܣҲҪܻ䣬Щ˾˯ˡ
Ҳõģ绰ᱻʲôģϾǹڱ̶ܳߵר·ܳʲôѪйڡ
ҶүѰ˼ţȥ֮Ҷϸһ



40 ײˣ
Ҷӵүӵ绰ʱڿ̩·´·
ǳɫıʱܳͣһ߶·ϡ
˵Ҳ֣Ҷ⼸ĻȽϴǸоһаŲȥƫƫΪһЩ飬ȥǱ߶ҶֲԸҸŮȥйһ£Աܵʱ򣬾ܳ硣
ǽţ˪ڵС档
ãҶڣûֱӳȥ
ʱ˪Ӧûûлѡķչ赸רҵһֱڽⷽǿѵҲǾĳѧԺʦĿǰ֮Ļ
磬Ҳʱ
Ҷվ棬ʱͼͮܲɫŨƬ֮ͿʼдƬѩƮ䡣
ѩԽԽǮСѩƮ䣬ܿͽڵʵʵ
ҶͶ˳棬ů粣ת֮ͱѩǣڵ¶֮˲ͻѩˮŪò
Ҷˢżڶһ£߱
ӦǰһߡҶ˪ʱӦÿˣ㽫ǰţ˳˪ķС
߶ҶúܣѩǺҵ⳵ģ˪ãֻһ·߻
ֻǴѩ֮УҰܵ˺ܴӰ죬ܼҲʮ֮ӣԶĿˣҶһ·Уעӭˡ
ʵϣʱڣ·ϵѾˡ
Ҷӿǰһӵʱ򣬾ͷǰ治Զ߹һɫ޷Ӱĥɰţп㣬һɫĿ֣һ߲֪ʲôںɫĲ棬Ǳˣ˪
˪޷ñոѩ·ȻǺܻȴܲģѩţһǳһţԵЩ
ཡҶȣ㿪ȥʱⷢˡ
֪ܳһĦгͷˣ˪Ծ
ٲǺܿ죬Ǿ˪ԵʱںǸˣȻһץס˪ϵĴӣͼ
⧲֮£˪ʱˣû뵽ᷢ飡
ԭڼͷģһһᣬ׵ˣǣ֮£˪Ҳˤڵء
˪ڵϣƺˣüʹؽг
ĦгּѾ֣һţĺۿҪ˪֮󼪡
Ҳ١Ҷ״ʱŭ
Ƿɳٰ
Ҫǣ˪бײˣ
ҶԼߣгŭ𣬺ݺݵزţĦгײȥ
̫ܳãĦгôܹײù
ֻһ죬Ħгٵ˾ڿշ˳ȥصˤڵϣʱѪ֪
Ҷͣ£˳
ֻʱܳǰ΢иӣ𴦵ûʲô󰭣ԷĦгɢˣһأŻӷǺζУѪȵϢ
١۵Ķ˭ĶҶ߹ȥԭҪйߵģٷ˶Ѫܵģסûиж
һԵװĴ˹ߵ˪ĸǰӶеʵôˣ˵
˪ŵ÷ԭٷˤڵϣѾŵòᣬûзӦͿһܳĦгͳϵٷ˸ײ˳ȥ
һѪȵĳײͷǰȷʵ˪˼ĳ𶯣ԼϵʹֻĿɿڴؿҶȴ˵һ仰
ʱѾвΧ˹۷׷ס
˱˾ܿиѲͽ˹ȻҲˡ
ô¶ӵһټֳ֮üͷѯʵ
ҶûпԱȺΪˡ
ɳ٣һɤźܸߣɴؾ͸ӶˣĦе˹İﵹˣСӼΪȥײˣ
𣿡ٿһֳûʲôǣľӦø޼ֻȡһ֮ʣΧȺѯʵ
СǼΪΧȺػش
ʱϻûŪ»ôңȺڵʣǳĸߣ֤ʲôҲãкüλ·˶վ˳Լ֤ʺϵʽ
ҽԺɡ˼¼һ۵ڵѪ֮еٷˣеҲ̶õĸоţСҲҽԺȥ顣
ȻٷˣҶĳ˪һȥҽԺ



41 
ҶûȥԺ˪ֱȥ˾ҽԺ
ڳϵʱҶʹ绰ϵ˶үӣүӿУӵĵ绰˵ҶȥҽԺʱһҶ˵ˣŰһЩ
Ҷȥʱ򣬾ҽԺ߶Ѿ˰źһˡ
˪ȷʵܾС֪ҽԺЩ¶ģֱҽ֮󣬲ǻָһЩȴǾұۺ࣬Щʹ
һ£ͼұЩٺۣǶ촩·ȽϺʵҪһЩɼʱٷ֮УˤûǷǳݵġ
ҵ·ʲôʱ򻻵ģ˪Ȼע⵽⣬ɵô󾪵
˪ϣѾͼĲŷԭ޷ʲôģѵˡ
Ҳղȶ˲پţŻһ
ʱָȻ뵽һ㣬ԵҶ
û·ҶƲǻʿŪģҾŶѣû͵
ʵղҶǿ۵ģȥµ˪൱
ҶΪԼĻȽԲܳȥģΪʲôԭ򣬷Ļһ˷ӦЦǾѿˡ
˪ЩŽɣһ۴⣬ͷɫѾˡ
ѽҪؼңôˣ˪뵽˼ʱҪӲ
˪ļҽ̺ϣûйʲôҹ޵ÿȥѧҲһ¿ξ͸ϻûйôؼҵ
Ҫһӣ;ȴһ׶ĵʹȴǶá
𶯣˵ͷˣҽ˵ʱƶҶʱֹ˪
ôֻˤһӡ˪ǳǣץʱ俼ǰ̵Ľ׶ΣǲܹʱѧϰĻμԻܵӰġ
˪룬˳ϾѧԺôһֱǳĿܶģĵȷʵʵҲʦҲܿû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ״
˪ԼҪʱ䣬˵һ仰˽һ졣
ˣô˳ѧ飬Ҫˡ
ô죿ұҪȥ˪뵽⣬Ϳ޳
ҶҲЩͷ󣬲Ͱο𼱣취ǱѶа취ġҪҪ֪ͨ
˪ˣ˵ͷĵ绰Ҷ
ҽԺĲУʩǺȫģҶץ˵绰ͨ˪ҵĺ롣
ã˪𣿡Ҷ˪һۣƽ͵ʵ
ҲһСǵһθ˪ͨ϶еһǸԷʲôõӡǾͲˡ
˪İְ֣ǣ绰дһӵ
˪ͬѧ˪ͬѧؼҵʱŤ˽ţҽԺ棬תһ£õģûʲô󰭡Ҷܽ˵һ
ڵ绰кǵĻпܸһֻֿϾŮҽԺ
ļҽԺͬѧ˵Ȼ绰Щ
ҶĽ˵ȻŹ˵绰
ͷʱ˪ͷ棬һ˫۾ؿ
ôˣҶЩڵŤŤӵ
ҷѻһһ׵ģ治š˪ԥ˵
ĻԡҶ͵飬·żô죿
Ϲ˵ôܳ⡭˪Щط
ϲôݵҶ˸
˲ã˪ĸ׾͸ϹˣԭҲг֮ˡ
˪ĸˮĳ˾θ˾¸ĹԱھطĹԱʵ̫ˣ̨ܻҲʵںܲףҲΪҵϵҪȥܶԲһ̨һԽҰġ
ҽ˽֮ͲǷûг¶Ȼľ֪Ůڻؼҵ·ϣ⵽˷ɳ٣Ҷ·ƽҽԺ
ҽԺĲܺðô˵ţ´һȻǸ߸ɲɵóһ˵СӵʲôͷȻܹĲ
߶ˣһЩҶӦ
ҶҵļһҽԺŲˣֻͲ㽲ˣҶҲмڿҫԼļʵȽϷС
ҪôҲ˵ˣҶĳӰٷײˡ
֮󣬿϶Ҫһ˵ģֱֻҲٳûб̬
ӦûʲôɣҹҪҰ䷢һΪĽ״ʲôģͲˡҶŻش
˵֮䣬ҹˣҶ֮󣬾ͱ˵ҶǰɣǻؾһˣЩҪ
Ҫ𣿡ҶЩ㵵طʵ

42 ײ
ȻбҪǾͲˡ֣µػش
ԭҲûô˵ֻǵ˾ҽԺ߶֮󣬿˪ȻסǸ߸ɲЩƽˡ
ϾһɲδбסҽԺӹӲҲӲ˵ҲùӲС
ˣǾֱ֮ӾͽҶˣûôϻ
ͬ־ˮĸɲʲô飬һҪȥ˵ʱ˵ˣΣҶΪԼŮͷǷǵģ϶Ҫվӡ
ִֻжѣǲ͸¶쵹ǲ¶ڷ磬ֻǿػش
ͼԷɿڣҲûʲô취ϾˮǺǿƵĻһ˾ھĹϵҲӲϵͳ򽻵٣ֻʣô¶ˡ
飬ҲֲܣϾҶΪŮ鷳ġ
ȥһ˶ʲô飿ͶҶ˵
ͽȽпϣҶҲȴǰлˣ鷳ˣһЭѣ˪һ߶Ҫ˼ţ߶ˡȥһ˾ˡ
Ҳãһʣʲôˣͷ
Ƕûˣ߶ʹҶ뿪ˡ
ͣıʱܳΪ֤Ҳ˾֣ͣԺ档
Ҳˣ˵Ҫʲô˰ɣ˷֮Ҷʵ
֪ˡٵػش
˵֮󣬾뿪˷䡣
Ҷ棬һͷӦþһ䴫˵еѶҡ
乻󣬴ʮƽ׵ӣȴԵÿյģзһźܴӣֻӣֱӵĶ࣬컨һյƣ׳ƷȵĹߣյЩ΢ȡ
ȻǴ죬ůǺ㣬Ҷ˼ӣ;ûȣ̲סڵĿӳϵ΢ɢȥһЩ
ֹ˼ӣ洫˽ŲƺǸ߸Ь
ŮˣҶһ£˵ѵŮˣ
ȻŶģһλŮ٣ͬ
˴Ķǰ˾ʽ˾ʽڰʽʽΪֱӷװ붬װϣµĿʽͬڰʽ澯䷢ɫºʹй־
˾ʽԭкµģ199051֮󣬹涨ȡ£Ϊ֦кɫƵ컨
˾ʽص㣬ǿԿϱȽľΡ
ŮĺֻܲһīסˣòֻǾüЩ𪣬ò̫ѿǣһڰٳ
ҶԴλŮ٣ԷȴǴݵڶˡ
ҶԷʻˡ
šҶӦȴţƺ
˵һ£·ҪϸһЩԷ˵
Ա߶Ҳӣ˼±ʼ¼
ľʵġҶҲǳϣؽͷβһ飬ǸȺڵĿ¼ûʲô
¶һΪֻеˣٷ˸ײˡ
ҶҲǺܵģ㲻ô£ǶҶҶԡ
¼֮Ҷʵҿ뿪˰ɣ
㻹뿪ˣŮٻû˵Աߵһ¼ľȿ˵ˡ
Ҷһ㶣֪ʲôɻĿŮתһȦȻ֮䣬ʲôطˡ
л񣿣ҶŮ٣ʵ
Сͬѧ棬ڸԼŮò
Ϸ飬͸еЩͻȻŮûд󰭣òֻҶĳ֣ȴ͸еЩǡ
Ů˪ѾˣôŮӣܵһЩӰ죬Ȼ㲻ʲôŴ󻧣ȴҲС죬ΪʳǣŮĽȻҲȽϵλ
Ů֮棬ͶŮҪҲǺϸģʵϣ˪ٸкӴһҶĳ֣;ԼĹĻеˡ
ֻǴҶĳԷļ൱˵ð
Ϊˣ͸ӵǣӵܶŮӵ̬ȣ󲿷ֶ˾˦ûһθУͺܵŮԻ󣬽Կ
ڳθŮ˵һ˵ʱͽӵһ绰ȴոհвҶһѴġ
ʲôײˣ˵绰֮󣬶ʱʧɫ



43 Ӳлܶ
ײˣѶеҶʱҲЩȻ
ĦеĽٷ˵ʱ򣬲ûпǵ⣬ٷ˵Ѫ֮кҶҲûΪŪ
Ͼıʱܳոľ벢ߵһĳ٣ôܾͰ˸ײأ
ϸҶĳӲûиٷֱײײǶԷĦгٷ˱˳ȥֻЩ⣬ȻѾûʲôˡ
ײߣһأҽԺЧոлժīҶ˵Ҳ˵ײˣ
ҶлĻܿͽƽʱ򣬾ͷŮʵҲֻü֮ӢϮˣһͱ˵ĸо
ӣлΪ߻һԭΪ˵Ҷ׮ӵС
һΣҶҶڵۺֲлĸл˳ͻлöס˵ۺֲĴţҶ˾ӳ棬˴¡
Ϊл˵϶൱ѻģһлŷϹ֮ͷҶǵˣȻҪ󣬶˰
Ҷת˲֮䣬еĹؼȻлȻδؾ侮ʯˣǾԲ׷ŹԼϾǰĹڻûнȻطʵлӳ˵ҪϽһЩǾܶӵĸܶӳλȨأɲܻ𳵣߼޻Ȼʶ죬Цǿõģ
ôһ˵л죬ȴǴסˡ
Ǽ˰참ûôŵӷôӷȻظлӡ
леԼľϣҶǰǵֽ
ʲô̬ȣشлܶӵ⣬һ¼ľˣʱİŭ
лܶӳܵӷƣֱ϶Ҫ𷴶Եġ
Ҷôбһ۵ʲô󲻴˵öԣߣֿл˵·ٷͼٲƽɫ·ƽΪܺ߶ʧͬӵĲ׷Уʧ˶ѣǺõģǻģ˵˵⣬УҲû·ٵĻû¶ȥ׷ǣȻҲͲ¼ˣ
ˣǱײģҪʵʵ챻Ҷһٽѵ˲٣תʶԼӦñԷϸѹסǾӳ
⻰Ҳͬ⣡Ҷ۾һһڸ˻ȥײĲ٣ɰյʱֻײ˶ѣǵҽԺԺ飬һ˽˶߼޻ҽԺŪأôԩ飬Ҹ˭˵ȥ
㡭ʻľˣûбñȥ
ӾûмʶôŵķˣȻ֪¶ǰҶϵβܴ󣬿ǱҶôһǺȷʵ˰
ҪÿĶҶĶ֣Ҳˣ⾯컹ó
ˣлָӣֹµĺǳ⣬ؿҶ˵ЩȫûʶԼ⣬Ǿ͸ʱʶһ°ɣ
лһƣվ뿪Ѷң˳ȥ
ͬľ죬ʱҲ˳ȥٳŵʱ򣬻ݺݵصҶһۡ
лܶӣС̫ʵˣӦøϵʩҾͲһҧгݵضл˵
¶ⰸҿˣСȻҪһΣⲻ󡣡лҡҡͷ
лܹϾܶӵĸܶӳȻ˵˳ҲǱȽϹӲģҲһʮŮݣǳзְλϾҲʵְȨԺա
뿪֮Ҷͷűˡ
٣ҪҹˣҶһ£ͷ
ȽůͣȻûдȴһŴӣҶҲûпֱӾߵЬӣŴһɣһСͷеԭȴͷϵĵƹȽӰ˯ߡ
һȴûҵԴأȻյǴƵġ
Ҷһĥվϣƿеİ׳Ƹжʱͺ
壬ȻȽϽ˯ȽϴûйãҶͳ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ͸еԼ屻ʲôײһ£Ȼ˹
ʲôɻҶܲ



44 ǼΪ
Ҷ˯㣬˸ײһ£ʱ˯ȫЩŭ۾ͿղŸл¼Ǹ죬վԱ߶һڽƤӣڴ
ʲôҶ۾ŭ
˵ʲôҶ޷ܵ飬һˡ
ƽ˯ʱ򣬺Ȼ˸ŪѣϵĲӦϵľ޴󷴲˱ߣڵҶ
Ǿ챻ҶһŭҲһû뵽һţھ֮ȻѶҵ˯ˣͲûаѿˮϡ
ʲô췴Ӧ֮󣬾úڽƤصһ£ѵʲôطѶң˯ĵط𣿣⣬ûн˯ʲô
꣬ʲô⣿ҶһͲˣǴԱ˳ŵģǼΪƫҪΪĿôʲô
ʵҶȻġ
Ӿ֮ԸԼ£ҪһڵۺֲſڣԼ߶޹⣬òôһᣬȻҪġ
Ҳһ룬ҶһСǵ
л񶼶һ߶ȥˣȻ˳ҪҶ֣ǲԼô
ҶĿǾɨ飬ȻһеҲǴ󲿷־һͨʲߣͷԼ򵥣ϰñ⡣
ϧǣںгУʹñܹ⣬Ĳѽ
ʲôûпǽд𣿣ǾֽڽƤ£ָŶǽ˵
ʱȡµİ׳Ѿ°ˣʵ滹һݣǽյͨ
ҶͷһɵЦˣԭǡ̹״ӿܴϡ˸֡
Цʲôǵ֪ô˸֣թΪûķ֤ݣȻ˵ȷһ᰸йϵأײ˰оֶ֪ˣ쵼أҪϰ죡
ΣҶôЩмطʵ
83ϴ֪ǾŻҶʱǮȥǹˣ˵ײôص飡
թҰҶѹû¹¶ȫûпɱ
83ʱϴȷʵͦ˵ģʱĻʹȻһκݵġ
ʱĸոսãϵһЩɢԱǣǳأҲֳһЩ󰸣Զ쵼˴ΪŭŻһȫΧڵϴ򣬿ͷӶ춨˺ܶİỷĻ
ʲôʱϴ߿Ըһ㣬ǴϺϿ̶ϣҪϸƣԽ׳һĻǳ
ĸ߲ͷǣڷƹϣҪעһЩȻܽһЩιܷαȨ֮ϡ
Ǿ쵹ҲĶҶΣϾлܶӳԸ¶ĿŴУ޷ǾҪˮ㣬ǷܹɹթҶ˰ϣķչѡ
Ҷ棬۾ǾĶ룬˺һӣȵǾ춼˵ÿڸʱҶȻ۾оһǾ˵ҳЩûãлͱǴ˼Ǹܶӳֻȶģ
Ǿˣʱҭûţϸһĥлܶӳ̬ȣȷʵеŹ֣ƽʱӣҪ˺úõִһģƫɽҶײˣǰйڣлܶӳȻе֡
Ǿ찵ĥһ;Լеðʧˡ
С磬ѵǴͷôһǣе㣬ֺǳ䣬뿪Ѷҡ
Ҷ˯һѹʱɫѾˡ
Ҷģоֵһλֳ̬ȷǳĲˡ
֮ǰģмλ꾯٣ּĸɲȻоĸ߲ˣ˶Ҷ֮ǰ飬Ѿͳһ˿ھ
ΪǼΪֵѧϰӢΪоֻѧУרºԱҶͬѧָеΪֳߵҶΪΪһԡ
ҶԴ˵Ǻνֻǻܣȴл͵ټȻֳ棬ǵݻеò֡
ȻһֿԣоֱҶǲԸչûȤ
Ҷ˾ִţͿǰĳӣɵóһȻϰҶƽר



45 ٽ
˰쵽ˡҶƽŶӣޱ˵
١ҶЦһǲ̫
˵˺ͺǸףүү൱۰ҶɻҶүӺͶүǰˣǹϰҶƽǰеţŲ󿪡
ôҶүҲзŲʱ򣿡ҶƽǸģڿ൱һףڳϾͰҶͷѵһ١
Ҷͷ綷ƫƫҶƽôţûһֶ
˾ǰ濪͵Цѣ̵÷ǳܡ
òףҶҵ˵Ļᣬʵ¶治Թҡ
˸ײˣԹ㣿Ҷƽʵ
ҾǴӽٷаܺ߶زѣãҪײҵĳϣҲûа취Ҷһ̯
µĻ鵱УҶ϶ҪһЩεģΪڵķɣںִν͵ģһΪܹеζƵˣοҶҵĽִ
ȻˣҲľ֤ĻҶҵĶͷ֪ˣ¶Ҳδؾܹˡ
ҶƽʱھִſڣȻҶѾ֪Ҷײ˵飬Ѿֽ˳ֵĹͨԲΪ˶ԣǼΪ
ٷ˵ĵϸѾˣη˵ǰơҶƽҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ֪¾ô˽ˡ
֮Ҫٷ˵ǰƵϸҪΪҶļΪһΪļΪǰᣬٷ˲ǹ߷Ļ֤ݾԵЩˡ
үү˵׬ЩǮҶƽʵ
ү쳤ҶˣƲƲҶƽüͷ̾ŸϽ˵ҲһСǮֵһᣬֵһᡣ
Ҷƽ˶һۣҲûм׷ȥ
Ҷ׬Ǯ飬ү֪һЩǾҲҶƽ˵ʱֻ˵ҶʯڻԤ÷ǳ׼ȷ׬ǮˣǾ׬˶ǮүҲ
ҶƽȻ֪ϢȴҲû뵽ӾȻ죬Ȼܹ׬ڼƵԪ
ľҶ϶ǲԸ͸¶ģϰ֣ǲ΢ʾһ£ҪǮĻܸҿھˣǧ˰ģʲôΪѵ顣
ôࣿҶƽˣʱЩԾ
׬Ǯ飬ĸСûʲôϵġҶЦЦ
ҶƽŶӣȻ֮䣬һֵֺĸо
ҶһδбҵİСӣûʲôֱ̫ӵĽӴҶҶƽĸоȴһȽĳˣ͹¡
һ֮Ҷƽվǰסеĺ棬Ȼү˵ʽԴûʲô⣬ôҶĳ˻һ˽ǮҲ㲻ʲô¶
Ĺڣ֮УһûеܵĺʽͷأʵҶⷽΪѾǷǳܿɹˡ
ҶڵǼҵйصҵҲʵʵذҸģմһЩϵȻĹѣⲻʲô
Ӳûпңֱӿ˴ڵĸ
һ·֮ϣ䱸ɭϣνʮһڣ岽һڣǳܡ
Ҷ֮ǰȻҲڣӡͱȽģˣǵǻСʱ򣬽ҶүλȨأæڹ£ѾʱڴڽӼЩǡ
öүӵһ仰˵ǵǸλϣϾ͸ʥˣǵĶǹĴ£ԼСңϾ֮ԺˣǷһЩ飬˵ϵĴ£пܳһΡ
ȻҲģ綼ǴʦڱƴĻôˣԴʦһһ㲻׶ã߲ί൱ǹٳ֮еĴʦϣΪһ塣
ѵҽӵ飬үү˼Ҳ֪ˣҶ⸱̣浹Ҳе޷
ȻסĸģҶүүƺϣǱȽܹס˵ģҶүӵһ񿴹ܰһȺ߹ŵ˿ӣҶȽҲǿġ
үү֪֪ҪҪ¶ǷվסšҶƽ˶һۣ˵
ŶҾͷˡҶʱͦţҼΪ˭
ҶƽˣɵðЦ˵ӵǺЩ޼ɵζֲöүһҪҶӾҲǿһɡ
Ҷӣúĥϼ꣬û׼ҶҵһԱ󽫡
Ӷ˻û߽ĸ󣬾洫˵Ц쳣һǶүӴġ



46 һһ
λү鲻ŶҶ֧Ŷһ£
ʵҲ֪ײ飬Щ֮⣬ʲôģĸûжĹϵôһϵֻҪǽҶҵı΢͸¶ôһȻһȺˣҪθ
ϧǣүҲãǶүҲգ֮Сǳ飬λүǲֵģǸ¶˴²пܻһ¡
ҶƽҶ⸸ӶˣսӣͿſɳϵ塣
ãҶˣЦźһ
ããСֳ˧ˣҶЦе˵ȻָҶƽ䡣
񻹲ʮ꣬˵Ҳе˼ģʵǰϹˣֻǺ֪ʲôԭ򣬴Ǳ߶ӳˣһֱڶү¶ôȻ˾ٽҲһ
Ϊôһԭһ򽫶үӵԴģܹ֧ʹöˣҲΩжүһ˶ѣҶү˵ʱҲδؾܹõĶȻҶүӵĵλҪһЩ
ھеҲ൱򵥣ܲξ鲿ĸһܵ鴦ְ񣬾ⲿţ¶ֻί߲㸺ֲţŵļලҶүΪ׳Ҳܹǲŵ顣
ΪԣľȻʶ̫ߣֻһٽֻҪһ첻뿪λãԶûǨĿԡ
ƽСȥɣλүѾһˡЦŽǸӶ˸˽ȥ
Ҷ֪ԭϰִԼĸ󣬾Ȼλүӵ⡣
ȥ֮󣬾ͿҶүӺͶүֵɳ˵Ц̸Ũ
ֻҶүӵļҽٺкţү߶Ҳӣʣµ˶ˡ
ǸĹ쵼ˣ밲ȫר˸𣬾ҪԼҲǺѰ쵽ģϾһİʩڹţԼҲҪͷء
үӣĸĻߴŵԱԲڰˡ뾩ĻԱֻҪϺü
ģӳϢ˰ҶүӿҶƽҶ߽ͳ˵
Ҷүӻ̫ʢ⻰Ҷƽ涼һӡ
Ǻǣ£¡үӵһЦеӣкӶ
ҶүӶ豭һڣȻ˵˵˵ôͻײˣ
ġҶƽ˶ҶһۣȻͽʱľҲǾʽһףҶүϸһ顣
ŶȻĻҲȫӡҶү֮󣬵˵ͷת˵ϾײˣߵĳҪȫһЩʡԺٱ˷ˡ
ǣϸ̺֤֤ھס֤Ҷƽش
Ҷүӵ˵ͷǽҹˡ
ҶƽҶүӻǱȽϷĵģӰ±Ƚϳȵ͵µˮ©Ҳһŵ㣬ȻʮͣȴѾ˸ʡλϣлĻһἶһʡҲǲġ
뵽ҶүӾͳʡĻᣬѵõĺܡ
ҶүΪ׳Щ黹ҪܼһЩܲԼֱӽӸɣĻ˷ġ
ǣҶƽܹͻĹɼ˶޷ر⡣
棬ĺѳɼġᵽ¶ҶƽɵÿЦ
ҶƽУģĹҲֲֺõģֻǸʡ˵ΪίԱĲΣǸλĸǱȽҲǺܴġ
ҶƽһֹУڹĻͺܶ࣬Ļᣬĺ١
ʵڲеĻȷųȥҲǿԵģҲãҲգܹڳһʵλãֻƽҪһλĿԣûˡү˵
棬ĻҪһЩȥ棬͵ðˣһĹصģ˱Ƚϴı仯лƸΣǴĿǰȻ
ҶүҲڿ⣬һʱ֮ҲЩ⶯Ȼھչȥ֮󣬻ܹµľ
үүүүϰ֣Ҫô鷳һֱǱ߶ҶȻ˵ˡ
˶Ҷ˹Щ졣
һһźܿлˡҶЩĪض˵



47 һ
Ҷһ˵˴ҵע⡣
ȡҶƽһ۾Ҷ˼˵ֳϣ˵㷢Եĵط
Ҷ̱սͣû˵ʲô
ҶүӺͶүȴûг֣ЩµؿҶ
Сʲô뷨үʵ
ҶүȻûжʣȴҲǶҶĻЩ档
һҶүӸͬ־̸ʱҶͺʱزһ仰ֱӵ·ͬ־ȥϷһҶүӶԼӣǱȽϸ߿һ۵ģϾҶϣûмܹôڵ͹쵼˵ǰѶࡣ
ҪǣҶĽ飬ͬ־ͬˣҶү˽ҲΪڼڸĿǰķͬ־ԣҶĽ飬ȷĿǰѵӦԷ
ܹõͬ־ˣЩкŴУҲҲڶ
ӣڼȻӦһĻȨ
ү˻֮ҶЩнؿҶƽҶүӣȻһЩ˼ɵӡ
װɣҶƽֵһۣӣҶƽô᲻˽⣬ĵӱ컹ôΪԼһǳ⣬ηηβ˵ˣ
ҶүҲЦ˵СҲ˵˵˵ûôĹ˼ɣҲǵģСϾǺӣҪŻ
ǣסҶƽʵӦһ
Ҷͷ˵үүүүϰ֣ȻԼУǴĿǰǿԤϵġţ˾֮󣬹ڵȦӣӦһȽϴսʱ׵壬ϰֵһκûᡣ
ԼãҶ⻰һ˵Ҷƽ⣬үҲԻ󲻽⣬ֻҶүˣƺĿƵؿԼӣ֪θ롣
ŵġҶԽ¸˵ˣҪҶƽģҶڣ˵Ҳиãͬ־ȥϷ
ΣҶƽʵ
ͬ־ΪʲôҪȥϷҶʵ
⻰Ҫʸˣ߶ԷȻһͷˮҶƽͬϵͳҶƽȻȽ񷽺ͬ־Ĵ޷ͨϵͳȥ߶˼ǼȻ˼ѾȥˣǾ͵͵һЩȽϺã꣬ú֮
ϵ飬ȻбģϾЪŰš
Ҷƽ뵽ˣ뵽񷽺ͬ־Ѿȥħ뵽̫λʱһȱ˸ܿգеϵͳͬͰһ㣬Υ˼ۣ̫治òԶħں侩ίȫ
񷽺ͬ־ȥϷΪ˹ڣɾҪԼ̬ȣͨħϵͳɢȥ
ͬ־ĿǰѾǳˡҶƽ͸һ㣬ɵó˵
ǱȻġҶ˵ԱȾǺħصͿԿúƽĸﻹǺбҪģܹΪϵһЩ磬ϰյڲˣ·ǷȷҲģϰǷõʵݣҪġһζʵ⣬˼˵ʱ壬˼ϰյõòһ
סүˣͷֱð˼ҪõİԭҪֵģ쵼λκʱ򶼲ܶҡ
Ҷүû˵ӵ⻰ҲǾе
ҪǷڹȥĻҶ⼸仰㹻һɡĴñˣȻûôˣҪڹʱۣҲ⵽Ⱥ֮ġ
Ҷƺֻ˵һּʲôȫȫΪΪִΪǲɶҡ·ߣڵϵ֮ѾΣ˷չ񾭼õĵزΪףʮĸĸ￪ΪףҾýĳɹΪףʷȫ̷һеǲĵģ֮ûǰ;ģڹҶǷǳкģڣҪһˣ
Ҷ˵Щ֮󣬼ҶүӡүӺ͸Ҷƽˣ֪ԼĻǺģ˵һЩһܹѵЩӸλĹǣȻ͸𣿲Ųţǲŵģ
һӣҶүӻ˵ģӺϬ⻰˵ҲеҾˡΪĸ￪ŵ·ûдչûдӵ뷨ûдҪʱǶԷͬ־Ҫȷرһ֧֡Լְƶһ¡
ǣףˡҶƽˣȻҶү⻰ĺ塣
ҶڵȴһŷԼ겻һˡ


48 
ԴҶٿϡСܳҶүӡүӡҶƽҶͷ֮Ҷָֻյƽ
Ҷı֣õλүӵĳֿ϶ҶƽԼӣҲǹĿ࿴ٰͨС
ǷŴڼ֮ǰһֱڲжɹ˱ӦϢһ١
ҶȻػصУ԰˪ǸеȽϰοģȻڶҶʲô뷨ҶΪײ˽ٷˣֽһξ֣п˶Ϲ˾ȷʵЩᣬû¶ˡ
û¶ַ滹ѧУһҶΪΪԱã˵УҲûаæһ
˪Դ˸еˣȴûж룬͵֪֮ͶЩо֪¶ǿô򵥡
Ͼϵʱ򣬾ַ̬ȲôѺõģת䣬϶ķ֣ʲôҪĹϵãĻҶٶҪеһЩεģôʩʩȻ˳õ˱á
ֻЩȴҲûбҪ˪˵ֻǰԷ棬ƽʱ˪ͬѧֶ˼ֹע
˪˺õͦģʱܾȽһЩ˵⵹ǲңܻˡ
ҶѧУ˪ʱǸɫıߡ
˪ˣҶȥʵ
ţлæǱ߶Ҳû¶˰ɣȻ֪ҶѾˣǵҪһ¡
Ŷû¶ΪҶЦһ£ȻʵҪȥ
ҵٻˣȥһޣϣܹ޺á˪˵ţüͷЩ΢ӡ
ԭϣٷᱳҵʱ򣬽˪Сٸˤˣ⼸춼ûй˵ϲ鿴Ҫõʱ˪ŷ⣬ʹ͵ȥǷܹ޸ɹ
ȥɡҶڵرʾ
бȽԶ˪򳵹ȥȻҶ䵱˾òҲûʲôܾɣ˪ҶǱȽϿסģȻòƺǮȴҲûбֳӵܵ
ȥ֮еʦ˿Щϧ˵ˣṹأ޲ǿϧˣٻǲġ
õĴ𸴣˪ҲȽʧ䣬СǸһĹʣŸģȻѾ˺üˣһֱúܺãҲһݶŮ档
ʵСٶԣֻҪ𻵣úܾõģһЩʹõС٣ܿܶƾʷɫǳ֮ãǵܹ⡣
˪С٣˵Ҳǽǰħһλʦתֶˣ͸͸ŮʱҪתȥĻƼǮ϶ûġ
ϧˣҶ֮Ҳҡҡͷ
òˣǾһѰɡҶ
⡭˪ԥһ£ûװǮС٣ĶڼǧǮˣֺ٣Ҫܹ
ûϵҴǮءҶ̴ĹǣҲ˵Ҫҵ͵ĥϵģ˰ɣ
⻰˵ĵϲģҪ˴Ǯ͸˪ģǻҪ¶Ʋˣֻ͵˪ãҪ˪ĥٵ顣
˪ֲɵӣôܲ²ҶһƬģ֮¶һַǳеɫһʱӦǣðɡ
ҶӦһĸ˵ز¡
תתѡһʮʷС٣Ҳǳʦ֣֮Ȼ˵ϣɫʲôĶܴ˪һ;ñ֮ǰǰСҲʤ
ҶӳһӳȡǮС١
˪õ֮ùȻܲҲ࣬ͶҶ˵ҸǮİɣҲμ׵ݳ֮õ˳ٰٵǮ㡣
ʱ˵ɡҶҲû˵ʲôÿĻϾŮӵ˼ȽУָ˾Ҫ͸Ļ˪δؾͿϽˣǺǵرȽϺһЩʱ˵ʱĻֶ˪˵ǰѻ˵٣Ƚұ𣿡
ҪǸʲôѾ˰ʦ˵ûа취ˡ˪Щطʵ
£ҿܲҵʦиԭİ취Ҷش
˪һ£ûзԣϾǸ͸ĵһС٣ǳشܹ޸޷ݳҲǸܺõļ
ҶõС֮Щ˷ܣȴ֮طŵ˳棬ǽ٣飩ﰡ



49 
Ҷصʱ򣬻һ̵ı顣
ʲôôˣģɼ㱳ʲôѻˣɵЩʵ
Ҷһııң˵ⶫ˵治ˣӵҸ
ʲôѻһ£û䣬ҶܻԼȥˡ
ѻһĺɣҪ׷ȥһʱҶƽҲˣæӭ˹ȥҶƽ¼档
СûУҶƽһ
缸ӣطȥˡѻһ䣬ȻЩƵ˵СҲ֪ô¶Ҳû˵䣬ˡ
ҲƣӴˣܻôһ仯Ḷ́ӦͺˡҶƽ̬Ƿŵúƽȡ
ô˵ģǸ˭ͷϣ˭ﶼġѻЩƵػش
ˣѵˡҶƽЦѻļͷο
ѻˣҲڼֹϵϼȻδ壬ھ÷ȴе̣ѻλֵܣڽϵͳҪְڽʡвүӰȽϴ
ҶүҲүɽǵ壬Ĺѧʦ
ֻĹѧûʢԶʮĹѧ˳ûȣһܳ䣬ܹΪѧʦʱĹѧǱ̣ˣͷβΪҵĹߡ
ҲΪĹѧҵ͹һȮ塣
ȻɽүӲȮ壬𾴵Ĺѧʦ
꼴ʹ̫浱ԷֶδѹҵʱڷѾάҵʮƽٵУɽүӶûΪָѹԼͲأֵ𾴵ġ
ļͳŮȻǷǳɫģѻȻΪɷҶƽĹϵע޷;չעھ裬Ŀǰְ죬ҪǴһЩо
ֻȽһЩѻĹҲȽУϾʱڣǰķЩɬδĹҲڰͣ͵Уɴ˼٣ؼǱо
һӣҶִӷ˳ЦǺǵĿܿĵӡ
裬ϳʲôҶʵ
ϼʣˡѻش
ǰɣҶӦһȻЩš
ѻκܺãȻʮˣȴһҲõżʣô˵ҪǶҶѡ
Ȼδ䣬ıķͽ˸׼ˡ
ҶҵĲ׻϶ǹ̶ģĲһ׷ͷŵģеʱҲӡӻͱʲôģϵʱĲ˾ͱСˡ
ԭϳԵöʱ̲˽֮СˣҶǿαȽ϶࣬°֮ҶҾ͸ĳʰˣ̲˽Ҳδȫ뿪
һٷ֮ҶƽҶؼҵʱõʲô
ҶϰҶƽһۣͼѻҲԼ֪λԲԼҲʲô˵飬ڻشͬѧСˤˣҸʦһ£Ƿָܹԭ
ŶŮͬѧɣѻʵ
šҶͷ
Ҿ֪϶Ůͬѧѻ˵
ŮͬѧҶҲôĸ˾ǣ
ȡҶƽһüͷ˵꣬û೤ʱҪμӸ߿ˣ㻹ȵ飬׼Ӧ顣ҲǲܽҪڲӰѧҵǰ£ԼҲҪи׼С˵үӶҲаţҪ˼СʡԺŪô涼ܡ
Ŷ֪ˡҶӦ
ϰҶƽ˼Ҷġ
ΪһӣԼĻҲܹԼһжҪΪΪǰᣬλڼҲǷǳҪģȻδؾܹܵһ𣬵ϾһЧֶͨΣԾи֮䣬ѰҺʵ󣬲ж
ʱҶүӾ¶˵ǳͬ־ŮҶȽϺʣҳͬ־ƺҲûʲôֻһʵĻᣬ˫棬Ͱ
äƼްҶ̾˿ҡҡͷסѻѯʵ裬ϳŮΣ̫ҵɣ
ѻ˶һۣ棬ҲүӸѡģ
ҶƲƲ죬˵⻰ҶүӵĻǲɵġ
ҲʲôҶûʲôų뷨ҲǶԼףǱ˴˲ʣҲԸҸӵܣж˲ţ
ҶͿˡ



50 
91괺ǰϦǹڻǹʣԵòȡ
ʹӹΪ׵Ķӣͬ˵װչսķĹ͹ӻϴڱȫѹƵУȡ˾ƿȨĶӣսȡȨ˵ķյӣϱˡ
ֻķҲǳصģ˾Ϊֹſأһڿڵ;ȼ赲װײƽԭʹ벨˹壬󺣵ԭʹغΧ̬⵽ƻ
ʵϣüչĲǱ̧ͷķоˡ
ԭķֿأҪ֮󣬹ͼһֱΪҪԭȻϲʤ
ԭͳһֱ㴢Ҫԭͼ۸ǣھٵˣȻһǿļΪϹûͶƱ˳ҲĬ̬ȣ˹
սʮʱƶȺʶ̬ĶԼȨҪеԳͻУǶܿͶӰӡ
Ƿ̨иĸ˼ά£Ρ¡⽻Ϸ˵ľٶнһƶӴԸ
ȻжӪΪ˹֮һΪ˱ڶϵĶԸյ˹
ڶϣ̬ʹͳʲеǳ⡱ǡսڵͻ״νͬˡ
նԺΣϵһ£ʹϹ˳ͨһϵƲ˵ľ飬ȻûֱɱμӶս֯ӳ֧̬ȣʹԺ޹˼ɵزȡ־ж
ǿս֮˾;еͷˣԭͼ۸񲻵ûмһǧɣԭˮƽ
˸ееϵˡζ˵ļƣ
˫ľ㣬ȫ泷⣬̬ȺǿӲԥķɫ
ϲʲ⣬ָ㽭ɽһǷŹͷϵŷ޵ͼϵķڵƿڴϲʲ£Ƿ򲻽
߶ҪΧƹ˻֮¼ĸ߲㲩ģһֱԣá
үӴʱԳѪķǳֶΣȫ潫ѹסھίڲͬ˴Թ˻֮ϳͣϱֳίᡣ
峣ίУҶүӿ϶֧ϳ͵ģͷĳʾطԣΪҪضԴ¾и߲㣬׵¾Ĳȣǡ
峣ίеһλͬ͸ϯʾʵǸһ˶ϣ˵һžͷͬ־̬вʣһʱ֮Ҳ˽֡
ȻҶ⽫˻֮飬ͨⲿй¶ȥ֮󣬽ͬ־ҵ㣬ǳϵرʾԼǿӲ̬ȣҪϳͣ
үӵ봦Ҳ޴Ӱ֮£ί׳Ͻòι˻֮һϴڵʧ
µĺϽǰ˾Ӷߣйίһʹְ˳˾Ȩࡣ
ϳ¼ҾһۣԱ󽫣Ȼʹѡ
ͬ־˳лԪϽξί׳ί׳ھУصһöӡ
ýͬ־ȥǼȻһٽǶүүƽ׵һ֣ʵǻ̸µʱҶ͸ү˵
Ҳô˵ٳϵ飬ɽתˮתԿһǳԿ۹ҪŵóԶһЩү˵һνͬ־˱ǲˮ˼ԴܲҶҵĺô
Ҷһĥ˵Ҳ
ٳϵ飬һĥûҶҳǰºϣȵѹסϳ¼ң˹˻֮ͬ־ȻûᣬֱӲ־񣬱Ͼͬ־ⷽж̰壬ھеӰ
ͨһε飬ͬ־ǰˡ
ôһӣȫҶҸģͬ־ܲ飿
ڴ˶ԣˣûбҪµȫ綼֪
㲻ǰʹ飬ҲðĹꡣүӵܲͿ˳ۣһлԪȻҲǸܶ·ģǴûʲôڡ
ҲǣҪϵù꣬δܹȡĽˡҶȴ뵽˱飬ɵ˵
ô˵ͬ־Ǳ߶дɣүЩʵ
ٺ١Ҷ˵ͷһĪӡ



51 ԪƤ
ڴ֮ǰһܣ楴ۻˡ
ۣӢŮ֮µģԱسƻʼʲôʲôģƬҲˡ
ۻعڵĽٽ˵̬Ҳڷű仯
ڶδǰԤڵĲʣ̬ҲȽϸӡ
۵ĳǮ˶ԣʱҲ˷ֻһֵӲɾǮˣȻѡôȹңסãżҲȽϵͣһγСȦӣϰϲ̫Ӱ졣
һûʲô⣬ͬʱָ½ٷӴƵǮˣѡ˵͵̣Էչ·ߣͱ۵ϼ塢ϼ塢ϼȵȣ⼸ڸ½֮ϵķչѸͣȻǲߵġ
мһЩС壬ͱȽϱˣҹͷƣһʱ֮ȡᣬ᲻۶ļҵֵۻع֮󣬻߷
һȥۣҪĿľΪ˶۵ķزгеУǷܹҵʵͶʻᡣ
ҶˮľƵΪӷϴһ¿ǼƵ꣬ǳ˵ϰ¼ˣ屳ʲôģǺ
ȻˣΪҶԴûʲôȤҪŪĻȻкܶȥ顣
Ҳûж䣬ֱӾڴ棬ѡһò͡
۵ķزгǴпΪġ極ɫԴҵԲ֮ϵѹʧʱͻָǸרҵʿıɫزҵ۵ĺ۾ãԶԶһͶгáΪ۾õĻʯóףĽڼڽΪ˰Էزгķչ͹ΪһִƶȡأҪ롣
ҶЦŵ˵ͷΪ極һƣϸ˵
۷زҵԵʢ˥ѭһ19461959꣬˿1946Ϊ60ˣ1949186򣬵1959곬300˿ڵļʹסڸ۸ƶ£50ʱӿ룬۳˷زȳ1958꣬زгʼ󣬷ۡؼµ70%
ڶ19591969꣬1959꿪ʼ۾óת۵ˡҵ࣬ҵ¥סլӣ̼زҵѸٻжԷزҵĹȴأ1965괺۱Σŷز۸񱩵ز˾գ۷زҵսһδΣ֮Уһֱ1969ת
19691975꣬1969۷زе𽥸գ۸1972ƶһʮ꽨ݼƻͶѸٻָ1974ʯΣ۹бִزҵȫ۵ؼµ40%¥µ3040%
ĸ19761985꣬1975׿ʼزгֻ۸1976꿪ʼ޽ƻ˳ؼֵ1978꣬Сݼƻ(ݼƻ)222.5ͨס⡣1977˿ڳ450ˣ1979ﵽ500ˡӣ¥Ӧ(šɳӿ)γɡ
н70ڵĿٷչ1981۷زгﵽ߳ԾΣӢ̸У˳Σ1982ף¥۱1981µ60%1983귿زгȫֱ19849£Ӣǩг¸ա
Ǵ1985ڣ80۷زҵ70Ļϵõ˽һչ1990꣬۵ķ۱1981һϡ
楽۷زгʷ״ҶϸĻ㱨֮󣬾ͱԼĹ۵㣬Ȼ۷زгһֱȲͷΪδĳɳǰȻֵڴʱУżڻǴϵĻر
Ҷˣ͵˵ͷ極Ĺ۵ʾͬ
ʵϣҶļ䵱У۵¥۴1991굽1997꣬4ңֱ1997۷زĭ¥۲һ·µȥ߳ҡ
ڵʽһУ72ǧԪҶԼĶͷ¥꣬аٷ֮ٵ棬Ǿ21ԪͶʷСģرȴȽϲˣ¶ţ2ǧԪԱʱ֮裬ĿȫͶȥ
7ԪȫͶȥҶĻʱһ
Ȼ˵Ϊ¥пǣҲûҶôĵӣ7Ԫ
һеأ楿ǲ
ȫͶȥƤҶǳ϶ض˵



52 ԩ·խ
ʵϣ7ԪĴ⣬Ҷһֱԥ֮С
һúǾҶԪĻʣһֱڱֵУĻȻ51ήǳֲ8.31
ȻڹͶʵĻ7Ԫ֮ڣȵؽһҲǺ׵飬Ȼˣ7ԪںȽϺһЩ
Ͷ¥Уһǳõѡ
ʽͶ¥Уκν21ԪԤڣǷǳаյģмٽһЩ׵ĲΪɹۡ
ȵ֮ʽٻת½Ļǿɾǽ200ҵľ޶Ͷˡ
ǣҶθҪһЩٷ֮ٵ棬۹ŵøԶһЩҲһЩҪƤ
ҶЩ⣬Ͷ͵Ͷ¥ȻһЩȴҲȫ޷յģͶҪһЩҸӶԵͶֶΣ˵Ƥ
ôĻ᲻۱ķ뵽ģȴ⡣
˵ȽأǶڴ½Ͷ̣ĸء
ۿһ֮󣬾ͷ⣬ȻˣĳҲпΪ˶ڵƽṹĲͬɵģϾʵеʱƣڻع֮ҲҪںܳһζʱڣȥ
£Ȼд½г꣬϶ᱻȺ֮
϶ǲɱģҲûӦԵĲԡҶ¶Щг˼
ʲô⣿ڷ֣Լ漣ҶƺѾеĵäˡ
ʱۣ칫棬ҸϼŴƬסЩС֮ͽǡҶض˵
ŴƬ楸һ£ת뵽ϴҶЩͥӰʱ;Լˡ
ҪԼ½׳ĺӰڰ칫ĻСС۵ûʲô۵ˣڸԼȥ
Ӣ۶֪ˣҲۻ룬Ͼе߾̫Զˣ߶Ҫи紵ݶǱ߶Ǳ޳Īġ
ҪȥǱ߶Щȷʵ
һȥǱ߶϶ܾ楶Դ˸еЩǣϾԼҶȫȨƿôһʽģʵе̫ˣΨԼ޷á
Ǳ߶һ˾߶Ҳһ˾ƽʱԸ۾ʹۣԸؽھͻؽڣؾҲСʱɻ顣ôˣΪ·㣬ԹҸ⼮ҿżˡҶ˵
ΪʲôҪżЩ档
ΪҶ԰ŵĶĳȽϸȤʱĻȥҲҶЦŻش
楷˷Ƥ˵ҶСԣȻȥŶĳ񫡣
˵ţƤò˵Ĵȥ˰ŶꪳɳˣһСȥĻǱ׸Ĳϣ
ǺˣҲһʱȳԷҶ˰ֵ
ЦЦŵõȥиţţгСŽ
ҶţţźƣȻеĸоǸ߶Ȱ׾ƺá
ƿϰ׷ڣʮ֡ҶֽԸ
ṩϰ׷ڡЩȻػش
ȥʣµĵСѡҶŰԪ˵
ˣʱЩ㵣Ǯę́ˣҲ֪ôƫϰ׷ڣѵ˵ԼһСƣ
Ǵ½ˣ£ͺȷھƣȻԱ߶˵
Ҷڸ楺ȾƣȻ˲źܹ㲥ʽͨطɧȴҲû⣬ϾǹûɾһҪƱ˵С
ֻлȴû뵽Ȼ￴Ҷ
ԷлͣרźģԷ¼¸٣лһȽԶݹϵ
ӣڵزȺ⣬Ҳ˶ôûƷλġȥ¼£ͬҲ˲鷢лûпҶֻǾôڵˣԼҲ޹⣬ȻҪһ¡
ƲƲ죬Ҳû˵ʲô
Ȼ˵¼Ƚϴ󣬸ִҹϵǳУﲻ¼£Ǵ½Ҳһܹţġ
ĳЩ˵ʣȷʵӰҵθڡлȻֺܲزһ
ŶӶʱЩ죬ΪʲôлĿڷֱˡ
лĿ⣬ʱضҶԼҶϡ
ǳ˼棬ۺŶ



53 ͷܴܴ
ڿ㡭΢üͷҶ˵
˳˧ͷʸһЩҲģϰˡҶû⣬Ц˵һ
ڿ㣬񼫲Ѻá˵
ҶˣŤͷһ£ͿüԵлһžЩֲ֧Цû뵽û뵽ҵƷλȽϽӽȻѡط
ⴿûһ֣ģͷҲ࣬ʵϾҲܶ࣬жôص
ҶѡԷҲ
楶лûʲô̫ӡ
һڵۺֲʱһΪΪؽҶϣžΪʧأں飬ûʲôлֱҶһ˳ȥûмĻᡣ
Ϊˣ楿лʱ򣬲Ż᲻ϵ
лͲͬˣ˽楸ǣ߶ʱǼʶƬģҲ楣ӡΪ̡
лЩͬʶ楣ֻǾŮӳüΪˣһִҹķȣǿҶʱ򣬾ͲɵôüͷȻǲʲô
Ҷײлʧյģлô֪ҶǸɨǣմǲõģȥҶ¶ǾԼһˡ
飬л϶ǲȥġ
ʶСӣӿȥʱ򣬾ͲлĿ֮еɱֻ֮ǲҶһëͷСӣôлôԹֱе
еڡлЩƵػش
ʵϣӵעҪǼ極ϡ
ŮߵﶼĿĽ㡣
ӵŮĿΧҶתͣŹ۲лˡĻᣬҶı裬Ҷ׼̫ǵȤ
оһҶ֮ιϵ̾ųĿԣЩлѯʵû뵽Ǵ½Ҳ˰һֱΪⷽǱȽϱһЩġ
ʲôһԶŮлЩݵߵ
Ȼ˵һûڵۺֲһسл棬һֱûз¶ֻҲϾϣСлžûн飬ǶԷֱӺһٽѹþҲҴһ
ڹڣȻһ㲻ôĿŵڣֻҪǶԷǾͲǼ򵥵ˡ
лȻЩ竣Ǿھ˻죬һʶеġ
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лٶҶ֮ǣûҶĵϸ֮ǰҲսˣǵ˲ǵˣǾǸлǻˡ
Сãһﵽʲô·лЩĵлѯʵ
лΪǾֵܶӸܶӳʮɲȻģְıҪһԷĵϸʲôӵ顣
лҶɫҲԵ÷ǳӣͷŤһ߶һ߶ʦضл˵ĵϸҲ鲻ˣûбҪĻǲҪŸͻˣŪ޷ճ˭Ҳ㡣
ôлˣʱһ㶡
ȫû뵽лȻԷĵӶ鲻е⡣
ʵлܹԶʮͣξǾֵܶӸܶӳְһʵȱĲǴлҵΪһǳзʦ
ΪлʦھϵͳڵӰ켫лȦ棬ʲô飬϶ʲôϰȴû뵽ڲ֤Ҷݵʱȫûи·ʲô
Ҷǰ죬ڿײһˡлȻ˵
ŶǺصˣЩطʵ¼£ҪεģôôеͣǴ½ķƽ裬ʵ̫ˣ
ѵûһ¶лҲе⣬˵ҶбҲôߵسҡɣܼһӦ֮⡣
¶ѾˣڼΪûйܵ˱áлЩƵ˵
ӣлڲˣȻҶƾ辿ʲôֻ˵ЩԷھеʵԲһܹӵеİ
ô˵أҶͷܴܴ



54 ׶
Ȼ飿ˣЩŵ˵⻹𣿣գǬȻܹΪߵڰףĹң٣ֵͶʰ
лһӵĻӵĻ֮ȴ̲סҪЦˡ
¼ҲֺŴ壬ҵ֮ұͲƴ֣½֮΢¶һЩͶʵ򣬾ܵڵ黶ӭȻмӰ죬һʮˣôôصĴ
ҪָҶ޷죬ǾеЦˣֻ˵ʮЦٲ
ֻлҲǴˣܹȻЦӣϾ֮仹Ҫ̸ҵϵȺС¶ҵƣӰɾʹˡ
Ӳ£ڷչǰǹģһЩгСӰлʵȰﰵﻹһЩ˼ҶȻ֮ӳէҲûбҪΪӰǺȾƵ¡
İлΪ嵽ҶȭʱӺȻˣЦһµ¶һ²һġ
лʱʧҲˣӾԲ¶ӵܣȻ¼ܹڵأͶˣǾ˵ӱǲģϾŴӵܣҲһ޶ȵġ
лһ߶Թۣû˵ʲô
ʵϣлҶԹҲֻܴҶıǼ񣬷Լûпܣ鲻ĵϸ뵽һǸҶݣлɻɣҶҶ֮ĹϵȽϽ
ֻлҲ벻ҶҶΨһصļ̳ˣ֪һĻʲôҶͷˡ
лʦȻȴҲܿסµҶң˫ȭѵ֣лʦƾҪҶһݺύĸ޷Ტ۵ġ
лȻᵽ²ǳȤԨԴȻ֮Ҳ
ӿеĳ²ǱˣλУλǴǳ䡣
ʱλִУȨһЩң־žͷķֹȷһЩͬ˵пȨһЩʣҲʷµıȻ
ǲô˵ǴҲ쵼ˣȨĶ֮һĵλȻǹٳ޷󼰵һ۷塣
ᵽ˳䣬ӾͲЩʵҸ²֮ĹϵҪһ˵ˣЩ飬ȴǲΪ˵⻰˵һ˵Ҳ޷
ӵԴúܣȻ˵ҶЩˬҪԭҶ߶ǸŮӿĶлöҶҲ൱Խ¶õҲܹл˽ԼԺҵУΪԼ
¼Ȼܸǵ˴½ȻҪзչΪͷߵлңȻǷǳصĶ
Ϊˣлǰչʾһǿļ⣬Ҳ
лҸ֮ĹϵȻǳע˵֪֮ԭӵ游֯¾صμӹսѪսǸʱĴйǹĽ顣
һϵټ½ڴʽ룬ȻŹչԼҵĴûᡣ
Ͼ¼·棬ϼѹ̫ˣż¢¼µһ׬ǮҵķչܵضƣѰռͳΪĵ֮
һ½ҲǴżʹģΪԽصǱҪݻġ
ԭǸϳ¼ЩҶһ߶楳Էһ߶Ӻлõ̸ʱͻȻˡ
һ˵ϣ޷Ӹл̸֮ݣҶͬϲǳ˽⣬ֻƬܹ֮³һ
Ļ᲻鷳ҶĻɵΪҶ
ԭֻΪǴǣλ֮һȻ󣬿ϸĻҲǺģӹĶ˳䣬׷Ҷһײ¼е⣬ҲһЩš
޷ҶԴ˵ǲϣ˵ϳ¼Ҹһ಻ƣղ˴֣һ仰׶



55 ֪ʲô
µծÿ졣
Ҷ楳Է֮󣬲ʱ䣬ҶĶˡ
ѾҶײ˰±о˳ʾҪίһλθǶԴ˱ʾعע참ԱʵΪݣ˰
˽ҲһСϢ˵Ǵ˰ԵɣǴڽӴʱ˸Ҷһ״
ʲô˹¶Ҷƽڵһʱ͵õϢɵþЩ⡣
˵Ҷҳ֣û˵ҶݣԼ⣬Ҳȫûκε⣬Ǵ˰Ȼ˳Ǿ˵϶˹ҲҪѹҶҵļ̳Ҷ
ίǣƺţƣҶƽУҲôһ¶㲻ʲôеɵģǳֹί¶ͷûгַ֮ǰҶүҲúӸ档
ҲûʲôǰģҪȥ˼һ¡ҶǿúܵһûоʧĸоͺһĿ顣
ţȥһ˶ɡҶƽ˵ͷַųһݻҵҪ˭Ҹ滨
ҶɵЦϰҶƽȻΪ˵͵ƽʱҲǳЩ꣬Ҳû˭ӲʲôϾҶҵˣŵģɱϵѪҺ
ϻʱΪûֵ飬ҪɲèöǾʹԼˡ
¹ضӵ⣬ҶƽȻ
ˣҶڶνо֮󣬸˰ľǣеˡ
ΪģΪո˴˷˵ҶҶƽԿͽġ
ҶһٱʾҪϸطɣ˰ܹ˽飬˽ǹһ참ľٿԲ˰ľ˵
ҶҶĶӣʵ
鲻飬˭֪أҡͷش
С¶ֵġ
˶ʱͷˣ֪ӦǺá
Ȼ˵ǿҪһ˵ıҲǺ׵飬ĳЩȨŵʱʧЧˡ
ͬҶݣеطдŲ꣬ҶڱʱҲǰӣҲʵشֻǷһ䣬֪ʲô
Ҷ¡챻ˡ
֪ҶôܹࣿȷȷʵҪ˽ҵϸҸ㣬ǶŶо־ֳҲûȨ֪飬ȷҪ֪ҶһķʣöԷʴӡ

¶͸ˣⰸûˣ˭֪Ҷݾʲô
һҶҵˣ¶Ҫδǵ涼û׶
¶ίǰģ˵ǴҲ˻ǣҶҵǰС¶¶û˭ðŵҶҵķգȥֺó䣬ص˶š
Ȼ仹ûдŹԶ˰
Ͼ¼µ¶ʱ򣬲ûзϣ϶֪ҶʵݵģֻҪһҶҶѣû浽ĿôﵽҶҵĿġ
ĻҲ̫Сֳίͷ֮һǻˡ
Ҷڶ֮󣬲һʱ䣬ͻؼˣƨ¶ûС
ʱĳλͬ־Ȼ˳ʾܹ顣
йίίҶЩ߶֣һӵ˵еĵ۰
ϳ¼ͷǲҵ
йίͬ־һʱΣӦ顣ҶƽҲüͷйίͬ־ǣҵ̬ȶȽϽ
Ͼ˭ȥһ죬ȥܷ֮ȣ߻һ仰˵ܷһȨÿһɲǳĵ⣬йίĲŲܹڡ
һξΪξֿʱû֪ͨйίĳίǣֳһ粨ϸɲǷ߷߲ѣǽͬ־ʾʾйίίǿϯξֻ飬ξίԱ֮¶Ǹһ䡣
иܹؼ⣬ΪǴǣôע£ǳʱ䰡һѾ˾Ӷߵϸɲȱľʱˡ
ҲҵĶԲߡҶԴ˵мƽϡ
ϣһϢͷųˣܿʹľųǡ
ݴȡйίڽ֮ڡ



56 ֵܼ
д£˵óйίϢ֮󣬶ʱЩ㵡
ν޷粻ˣľų棬ÿһϢı󣬶пǼĲĽͶʯ·ǰס
ͷЩͷ۵ضԳ˵Ϣôģое죬ûһ
棬ոһѩ
ֵں˲¥ĶƷ裬ȴǺܲƽ
һϵб仯ϳ¼ҶԣϢҪԶںϢ
궬ѩһЩŴѩ£Щп̾Ϣ
ͻȻ֮䣬еһЩ䲻˵ĸоǰǴûй顣
Щ죬ͬ־ȥУûͣٵ߷˸¿ºܸԳ˵
һ㣬ǲ˵ʲôϾͬ־ѾȥˣȥɣҲʣֻøĹѡʾҲԼǣֻкųħ˼ϮȽأ߻ӣͬ־żס죬⵹ǲ󣬴ʱˣȫԱ֤Ƕġ
˵ͷԽ鷽ͬ־ȥ𴦿ôֲֻеķ羰ֵ
ϳ¼ҵͬ־ӽĿǰĸĸпǳͬ־Ĺ۵Ȼأھý跽ȴԼ⣬һЩҶУҲǷǳȼ֮ġ
ϳ¼ҵͬҲãҲգŪȨȽԣһȽͨ׵Ļϲɣ켺һҶǳϵġ
ʵϣݵλѾ޿ľ֮󣬾Ӧȴ˼룬ؽӹһЩˣһЩΪΪ飬ҲʷǲʷҲҪų
ϳ¼λͻһѣȴʼտ͸һ㣬ܲ˵ǵľ粻ˣҲǻʹȻʹ˸λ
ҲΪľԣֵܶûǸϵıڼίϯУĩ
ֵһֹһӣ˾顣
¶һڻһ£ųͬ־Ҳּɵġ˵
ţ¶ͷȥݷһ³ͬ־̸һ¹йίϢͷ˵
ʼΪͬ־ͬ־֮ͬˮ𣬲ݣԼ߶ó䳸һ·ͬ־ͬ־Ǳ߶ͺ˵һЩϾϳ¼Ҳǳͬ־֮һؼʱҲҪڻúĻر
ϳ¼Ȼ˳ͳУԾ̳ϵŶԣϾǳ˲٣Щ˶ڳͬ־ԪϵأԵøҪࡣ
һȡйίĻӰͻѸ½ϱԵ˳̨ʮĳԣǲܽܵġ
Ȼˣйί֮ڣг뷨ͬ־Ҳ
ͬ־йίӰǼΪҪģܹȷرʾȡйίĻ벻᲻濼ǣʱȡж
ȻйίĴڣѾû˶ʵ壬ȴǣźܶ˾Ӷߵͬ־ǵ棬ǵӰ죬ҲǷǳصģڸ߲֮ķ󣬳֮Ҫ޼ա
ײǼ飬ҶʲôӦȻʵ
ûʲôӦֻҶƽ͵˾ֶѣ˲һ죬ͻؼˣûκнչĵüͷشܹһҶҵĻᣬҲȽӣȴû뵽µ˲һҲûС
Ҳ̾ϢҶƽܹ𵽾ãµˣֲɵӣ˭ΪһЩëƤ飬ҶĶ壬ԽԽˡ
ǵҲǣĸɲʣԽԽˣҲ֪Ǻ¶ǻ¶˵ͷ
һӣȻ˵ҲҪȥˣʱڣҪֵҶңǵ鲻
һ£˵¼Ǳ߶ҲҪעһ£ϾҶھý衢ʶȽӣϳ¼һܹһҲкôģϾȺڵ⣬Ӧλ
ӦһĿƣȴ֪뵽ʲô顣
ҵС㣬Ҳ˰ɡųı飬ֵܵ£ɵ̾˿
һЩ£ǹ˼ʮ꣬ҲѴӵ˵ȥ෴ʱţϾһطͣʱãŨҡ



57 άԭ
ַʱϢˣײ¼Ҳûġ
ǣҶԴ˾Ͳˣ̾ȥ
Ͼ͹ˣôϲµصţ˼ҶֱӾ˸ײ˰ľ٣ʡ
Ҳ֪ⲻ참ľҲͷʹޱȣҲҹڵûǸҪֻĽ͵鶼Ҫ飬ʱ˲ϡ
ǰǵ˵ҵİӲҪඣҶץס˶Էﲡ׷ʵ
Ҳ˵Ҫʱ˲ϣ꣬˵òãٲϵֻһζá
ǲСҶȻܾһҪһȦأﵢ飬صӰ쵽ҵճ̰ţ¶ҪǲǰһйزͶΪ
Ϊ֮󣬶ЩȻ
ֻ˵ǿƣû˵ôֵģҪˣŻ˭ˣ쵼ǳӣûѾǷ⿪㻹壬浱Ǳǰô
ߡһߴ˹ȴͬҶǰһλġ
˶һ㶣ٿ˵ʱ򣬾ͷ¶һɱ֮˴֮ɵһ¡
ͬи֣ۼľ죬̾͸оˣλ˾ϵͳˣְλԲˣͲܷɱ
ҶȴûǵķӦֱ˵رʾʱ䣡죬Ժ¶ңһһģ
˵֮Ҷһ˦䣬ҡڵشо뿪ˡ
˵ʲôͷţǷ׷ۣȴͷԣֻˣڲ²⣬λˣҶҵʲôˣһôͷ
˵ʵģδʱУϢԳƣϰյ֪ȨԺԲƵʱһֳĶӶܹɨ죬Ҳʲôϡ¶
ֻǣľų棬ȻŵǺĴˡ
ҲܹھоҰġ
до־ֳ纣֪Ҷоֵ֮İ
о־ֳһǸгεģǵĸгֶǸԱȨ൱Ȼʮ㡣
˵оִΪ֮纣ʣԷʲôͷ
Ҷ참ľֻ˻Ӧֲһ¶ίθǰģ˵滹Ǵǵ⡣
Ŷ纣֮󣬵ǲ˵ʲôˣ룬˰ֵţȻ˳ͷǾûбҪˡ྿Σ
纣ʴ£참ľȻҲҺ˵ֻʵشʵǼΪײ˽ٷ˶ѣٷ˵϶аӣҲ㲻ԩһεĵǹŵģں֪ΪʲôԭðӸӻˣ˭Ҳ½ˣֻǰ¶Ų졣
֣纣֮̾ˡ
¶ԣ֣ҪҶֽš
ֻҶ棬û̫ëģǿĻûʲô취
һ֮纣ͱ̬˵ĶԹоֲͣ˰һ߽ᣬάһεĽۡʲôͬԼȥ죬оΪ
ǡ참ľӵ纣ָʾ֮Ҳһ
ֵ˵飬ʵǲð죬񾡿˽
ϾͿˣ˭ҲϣΪֵüȮ˽˺ð
磬Ҷͽӵоֵ֪ͨԭĵάֲ䣬ҶοʣοʽһǧԪ
ôֱˣҶӵ֪֮ͨ󣬸еЩ졣
Ҳãоֵν۶ʵҶҲȥǵ鷳ĻٿƶԼ֮ˣҲ֪˭޷Ǿϳ¼ֵܡ
ҸᣬϼһﳹܹͣҶתͷͿʼĥԳͳ
ϾҪˣҶ²ûʲôܺõĻᣬϾҪһλĴУһλȥǰУô򵥵飿ҶүӺͶү֣Ҳ˵ܹȵؽֵܸ㶨
ζǼ˲пģһתҲûС
Ҷϵ鷳ȥˣԷҲûðͷʱҲڵ1991Ĵڣһһ죬ڴæŰݺοʸؾȺڵʱеһƪԱ£ֽҴ쳣ӵ֮С



58 ֽо
ڵգйٷһţͬ־һꡣ
Ϣıûʲô⣬ڣͬϢģһƪ£ĿᶨƵƽĸ￪š
ĿҲʲô⣬ϾȻкܶɸĸ￪ŵϣûȷط񶨸ĸ
ƪУͶǰһӳֵġʡ⣬˷񶨣ʾ⣬ȻҪر辭÷չٶȻµ⣬ȻϰյĳԷ⣬ڡƻгǿʱò۵ġ
һ仰µĴ˼èè֮ͬġ
еһƪһ֣ǣ˾߶ϵͳ
Ǹ˼㣵ģ£ֱʼԵзȻΧǷӦüָʡϡ
һʱ֮䣬ؼ䣬˻ҩζ
еһƪ²սᣬƪ½ԿһϵеģͬԾǷ£Ե
ǺŨʱ򣬷ͬ־ں·ߣòһƬ¾ɣппˣҪŬ
Ȼ򶫣ֽʱԽأֽ񽭿缸꿪ɾͺˡ
Ա̸30ʱķ٣˵ǡԶġСɶһȣȻ˵ҲҪ㡣
Ȼͬ־еĿȻУ飬ھǡ
ͬ־Խһ˵ͬ־ĸ￪ŻҪҪΪһ˵ƻþ壬һ˵гþʱ壬ô¶߶ֶΣгҲΪ񡣡
Ȼ˵80ʱũʵмͥа˲ͬ⣬ͥаﲻ˵벻ͨжϾϣеĶ꣬ǵȴ
⻰ˣһоƺڻڵȴЩ벻ͨ˾
ҪΪȣҪʧܣʧҲͬ־Ժͬ־˵
ԸԡΪίǵĺͬ־ͷʾ
ĵϣҶһһ
һ굱У־ϺҶˣûмξۻĻᡣ
ҶҵĵһҶǬ74꣩쵼ˣ׳Ҷ66꣩ί׳
ҶҵڶУҶǬӶŮҶûŮ
Ҷӽ50꣩ҶǬӣϾ˾ԱϽھڲְ
Ҷӳ43꣩ҶǬӣɶıнھְ
Ҷƽ40꣩ҶǬӣѻ38꣩ڹְܾ
Ҷ40꣩ҶǬŮҶƽ˫̥ܣܾҽԺԺרңɷ޻ǲƾרңԺźĳԱ
Ҷأ38꣩ҶǬŮó˾ɷ׳פʹ⽻
ҶҵУҶϴӣ27꣬ѻ飬ѩҶ˵ӣмʲǧҵһ˾Ȧϵ񣬾ȦҲкܶϵ
Ҷ֣϶Ů18꣬ɶѧ
ҶҶӣ17꣬ΪҶϣڡ
Գɣöӣ17꣬һ
ηСŮ14꣬ѧ
һʮ˿Χһ𣬿νǼüһã貣Ƽдӵλһλ쵼ˣһλ쵼ˡ
Ȩƣ䲻˵£Ҳӵʮ֮һԴҪҶҵӰԶȫкܶϵ֧ϵԼӵܡ
ͦȫģѵáҶүӿ˿ǣɫ΢¶Цݡ
ȷͬҶүԣҶһõĻ٣˵Ͷүӹ¾æҶҵڶļλҲ²ôľۻᣬȷʵټ
ȳԷɡүЦе˵
үһûϢڴЩͬһܳɹҲ޵⡣
ʮ˿ˣҲûзֿԱŴƴһ𣬴ԵӵǾú֡
ҶûʲôرĹأһ˻ǢڣԷʱ˵ЦȫĳЩҴ壬һӹأ˹ϵúܽ
ֻ극֮һ˾ͿʼֻˣСǺŮȥһ߶֣ĴүǶ۵һ𣬿ʼۼһĵʧȷĹ
ֽоΰҶүӿŵܵܺӡŮЩп̾Ϣ



59 ҶҵĽӰ
Ҷүӵһпж
ĶǸϵĹԱȻޱȻ仹̬ķչλãܱκҪ̡
ӲЩ飬ǳ˵үЦе˵һ仰
үΪίʵʸˣȻᶨһǵָǹǹȻӦ÷ʲôǹ
⣬ҪǼڵͬ־ڸĸгֵľ⣬ʶ磬ìȻҪڽڵûзһͳһ֮ǰȻܱ̬
Ȼˣʸ񷢳ǿλȻڱֳĬ
ҶӽҶӳҲ׷ױʾϾɶû춯Ҳ̬ʻ֮ǰʲô
Ů޻ʾΪƾרңԼרⷽ档
Ů׳Ц˵⽻һͲӦԼ
ǴҵĿ⣬ͶеΪҶƽϡ
˵˵ڿģӦɣϴҶӽЦ˵
ıҶƽЦŻشоھڵУ΢һпܲеףѰ
70˶߼һҪ֮֯ϵͳ
ΪȻҪ岻ݴǵظ׷鷽Ϊָʹڵ֯ΪһʱڡʱĻ֡ôˣºһЩͷ͡
Ѿˣǣģȥйķͬ־
ĿʲôҶүʵ
Ϊ׳Ҷүǲ̬ģΪӰһ̬ǣһȫᵼϲأһ׳ͬ־Ҳûбֻ̬սѡ
ǣͨ˽һĶ̬ûʲôġ
Ҫ쵼Ϊͬ־̸Ӧͨ֯ϵϳʻ´Ӧһ¼ίرҶƽش
ŶҶүӦһû˵ʲô
ƶȱԣһָ𲢷ûʲôݡʵĿƺϢ¢ϣͳһ־еĻڣ˴ǣţ϶
ҪⲻǷǣ֯ܡ
¶˵ȷʵҲôϾͬ־ȻˣȻڵں͹ӵױȵӰ˵ʲôҲɣҲҲ˵ǵڵսҲеһϵ¶ѣҰìͷֱָͬ־
һ쵼˵ϣƣ
˶˼飬һʱ֮ͳĬ
Ҷһ˹λүӺͳǵ裬Եúڵӡ
СǺڿ죬ӡҶӽ˾Ц
СҲ̫ˡҶӳ˵
ССӣθʹԺҶҵĵͿСˡҶӽһᵽԼҶʱɫԥȻҶ;һ˻Ȧ൱ų⡣
ԵĪˣСҲòҵǴпΪġҶƽȽϿ͹۵۵ͬʱҲҪעؾ裬ҵվھ跶ģͬǳҪȺˮƽߣⷽҪҲߣӳԶҵһܺõѡ񡣡
С÷׳ҲʾӴķýҲҵ룬ȷңⷽǳӰ
ˣҶҵĴͳܶ˰ҶӽЩεҡҡͷ
ΪˣȻҶӽͶҶӳӸλϽнǾ˾Ǿˣת磬ʶгίеĿԾѾųˣҲֻҶƽпܣΪһֱĹԱ
˵ҶҵλŮȻҲȽ㣬ܹ嵽ѾˣൽһҪߵøԶĿҲǼޡ
ҶڲѾγһʶǽԴҶƽб˳֮λô˵ҲҪгίвС
ҶƽɾҶҵڶĺģҶҵĽӰˡ
ôȻҲ壬ҶҶҵĺˡ
ֻǣҶԺ󾿾ôҵʵû׶úܣϾ̫Сˣһѧѡ
Ȼˣλүӵ棬еᣬ֪Ӳʡ͵ĵơ
ôС;͸ʯڻҾ˵׬һʣһѧɳ𣿣
үһˣʵСڵƣʲô
˻һʱﾪλ͹øЩ㵣ȷŶүûʴ



60 Ҷ
ҶʵҲһɧڣǼ鼴û¶ܹ˲赹ˮͼʲôҪּ
Ȼ˼ʮ飬ڴƵİվ׼޳ߣҶȻҪڼзӸãװӿɲʲô¶óֵʱ͵ùϳְ
үҶҲû̾ͻش𣬶ǿҶүһۡ
Ҷ˼ȷһ֮ˣŷشⰡ
˵˵ǼˡҶүʾҶ˵޷
ҶֿϰҶƽһۣ΢΢ף˵ʵڵƺףЩһҲǷͬ־Ķ֡ĸ￪ŵ·߲䣬ʷῪվʽ΢ͬ־Ȼûб̬Ҳֻڹ۲ƶѣһ̬ʻ˫ĶԱƽ⿪ʼŤתԻּ֧ƽĸҵġ
ҶĻλүڣҶЩ㵣û뵽ҶһڣֱָĺģƺͶԴг񣬾Ȼûаϰ
Լãүʵ
⻰ÿһˣҶһʡ
үʲôˣҶԴ촰˵̫λʱ䣬ûܰôȽǰЩīˣҡźָɣʵС׼ף߹
Ҷôһ˵ҶʱЦ
ȻҶԣͬ־һԲӵĶģ̫ûƢοЩǣΣ
ʵڵһЩ˼⡣Ҷžָһ⣬ʶ̬ڸߵˣǵйŷƽݱ䣬¶Ҫֹ𣿵ȻҪǷֹƽݱûȴܹ˶ҭʳý趼ܵӰ죡ø㲻ȥͶˣ˲ʱ壬Լ첻ãͶŷȷ˺ص⣬һҶܿȺִҲҡҡ׹ΪʲôأĳЩ˾ãЩжƽݱĽʵشˣ
ҶһҶƽĸںţö⻰ƺӦóһѧ֮ڣǷڹ쵼˵ĿУԵúܺһЩ
ǣ˵Ļƺĺе
ӸЩķΪýûиãϰûзԣû´ͨ͵ˮƽ½ڹɵġҶ˵϶úףûϲ㽨ý㲻ãпΣգϲ㽨ܰȫͶŷ⣬ڵжôǿ󣬶ԼˣԣΪĺƽݱýͣ͵ȻǼ˴ģǱȱ˸ƽݱµ飡
˵Ҷͣ˿˵ķӦҶүڣҶ˼֪ԼĻȻȽϵλҲǷǳġ
˵ҶүӼҶͣӵĻȻеЩ⣬ЩˣҶҵ˵ˣȻһͷӣ֮ҡ
ʳΪ죬ϰΪʲôӵǣΪʮķչҶŻһֱۣһն˵ʮĸĸ÷չٶȺܿ죬ϰܴ󡣵겻չǵٷչĻᷢʲôӰ죿˵³ͻ䵽ǵͷϣⲻǾ⣬һǳص⣡ͼȫ̷񶨸ĸƵ뷨Ǽ˴ģ־ΪУ
ҶĻ֮󣬳˼á
ҶүӺȻЦЦһöӰҶ鹹ֲ÷ͬ־ʱСȻϷ۹⣬ȻҪǿһЩôһڼҶϻ
ͬ־СҶӽͶҶӳˣһЩȡ
ܹõͬ־佱ˣûм˵Ҷôһѧˣ¶ҪǴȥ˾һص۾
ҶƽˣҲǴΪȣ֪Ҷôһζ¡
ôǣҶүӵãЦŽԼͷϵۣ˵Ƕţһηͬ־飬СģǻСӿ𣿡
СˣһƬҶһ㡣
ĪҶٴð̶ֳһˣ
Ҷ״ȴЩεЦЦԼѾǸˣֻǲ֪ڼ֮УܹȨһЩ
ϾҪڽʮУҶҾӪݺ᲻ܣҲ£ÿһߴ



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ϵͳǵĺ࣬뷢ȷľһЩңҪҷҶүӶҶƽ˵
ƲƵıȽϸڲûʲôȨҳͬ־Ǳ߶̬ȿ϶ǷԵġҶƽرʾ
սҶƽľ飬һսûмĥȥģҶҼʱվʾ»ᱻƵ˼ϡ
ңҶƽͬ־϶ּսѳͬ־Ҳ˶ҶҲõĿҲʲô¶Ͼÿһ嶼ԼǰЩʱһ飬Ҷͬ־ŮôһĻ֮Ҫˡ
Ǳ߶Ҳܸһ˵ĻҪ˵ģһԱҪԵ𡣡Ҷүӵ˼ȷ˵ͬ־Ǳ߶һԵŰݷá
ͣһֿ֮˿ҶҶƽҶү˵ǸҲһȥ
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ʱҶȥ楼
ҲڣÿͲ١
ԴӰһξΣ֮Ĺ˾ҵ˽ϴķչھǵزȦ˺ܶࡣ
Ͼ֮ǰ飬ҵ϶֪ô¶
ƫƫܹӲͦ˹˹ϵס˹˾˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ںַһϵе飬챻мίߣְ֮Ȼ˳˸еһɲ顣
Ϲϵˣʵﰵ˭ûмֵĹϵǱмίߵˣܹƽͻǾǷëˡ
ڵЩͬ׬Ǯҽҵ˭ûиԭʼ۵Ḷ֮́У϶©ץģмί֣ûвʵĴ֤ݣҪëƤСë򵥣
е˶ڲ²Ƿʲô񱳾ʱԼȴһЩ¶Ůϡ
쿴ҶʱͿһ¡
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·ϿעⰲȫҪ浽̫̾˿
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Ϊʲôô˵أҰ˺ܺõġ極棬ҲһЩˣȻ뵽˺ܶ顣
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л֣ҶлȻӭȥһѳסļ򣬶סȥ·
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·ҶЦелļȻ˵ʺãף´֡
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лҲеֹСͻȻҶʲôϸɣȥúúһʡ
˵һĻлҶȻĶԹǶҶĵҲܺ棬ϾӶǴǵûܰҶ£¶˵ʲôҶ󱳾ҲǴþˣѵҶҵˣ
ĻԼɾǲǵѡˡ
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ĥ¶лͻص˰棬§ŮӵЦţһ߶´󺺣ıڡ
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лһԱ߶ıڣǿˣȴشҸʲô̸ģӲǳôСӻεоֵ˰¶ǲ̫ˣ
ʲôݣȻԱۣ׷һСӣôĻҲ̫۶ˡоǱ߶еʰǵĻᡣӶԴҲʾ֮ܲһС߶߶ģ˵˾ʲô
飬һֱȽϺɡ
˵ҵ·лû⣬ڻش
ŶˣиǣֱƨлˣƺҲ󿿵ס
ڰ棬ЦȻʵǸĻ̥



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ҶЦض˵㵱Ҳ֪ôİ޷ǾǼӦüϵĵӣ˦ϣǺƾԾˡ
ҶҵĵжֻҶҶˣ˵úСõĺӣѾգȻҲܵص֣ȴעȫȥ֧Ǽ̳мȫԴԴ
ҶԼǸɢӣڹٳ֮൱ͷʹҲܵǱ߶Լĵһֹ˾˳ǲԸٳΪҲΪԼ鵹Ƿǳԡ
ΪӳҶٻǾڼġ
ҶͻȻð˳ü˿˺˵ϣҲҶһĴˣҲ챻ϵҶӽѪͷ
ԣɣܺãҶԣʱЦ
ҶЩεҡҡͷһһ߶̸һŮӣҶ˵ϴֻˣŲ°ɣ
Ҳ̫Сˣϴ۸棬ⶼǵˡҶػش
ҶˣɵƲƲ죬Ҳ֪Ҷϲ֣Ҳȥĳһֹ˾ڣһǿˣһ
϶㱾²Ŵ󣬸ôʱ򣬿ûͣƷҶһۣҶ˵
ҶЦЦҸϴĿһȻδػһϵҲܼ͹ӰҵŮ֮⣬ڶĲʿĿǰҴһЩҵñȽϴ󡣡
϶Ҳʼ׬ǮˣҶ֮󣬱ȽϸȤ
ǰζʱ䣬ʯڻ۸񲨶Ƚϴ˸ӣ׬˵СǮֵġҶҲûֻû˵׬˶Ǯѡ
ҶˣЩĽ˵϶ãôûôõŮأЩŮˣشһЩһЩûʲôˣ㵱Ը컻Ů˰ⶼǱƵģ
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ңҶһͬ־ľԽԽԶǷܹ飬˵ء
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СӺ鷳ģҴң㼸꣬ʵڲ˵ᵽ¶ҶԴҲЩں¶ҪҶӽȽżλүҲ¶ϵѹһЩģû¶ԲܣҲӱܡ
ȾơҶҲЩĵ飬Ǿٱ˵
ۺֲ棬ˮʲôŵùģȻ۸еߣĸںһǮ
Ҷһڣ;ζеԾɵýƱصһ٣Щˬ˵ʲô85ģôð82ģǿˣۺ£ԽԽˣ
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˵ˣƾǺܶƽҲδؾͷֵóеϸ΢
ҾͺȵóƲصҶԼҲЩ֣ǾһڣͺȻزĸо˵Ҳе֡
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ʲôۺֵྭ˵¶֮󣬶ʱЩȻȻ۸һЩǽһѵñȽϸôԴγãǲǹҲģ



63 پ
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Ҳҵܵ˵⡣ҶɳϣŶ˵
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ӡֵྭҪҶ˵ʲô
Ҷֱ˵Լȥɡ
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ҶҴۺֲ˻ûʲôּۻ۵ĵ
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ȻͬһӵĺƣͬһׯƣͬһϽѣѵеĿڸУвͬŮӺ
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С㶮ࡣҶеĽҶˣҺⶫܾеɬϰߣҪӵѩ̶һ£ʵҸϲȰ׾ƣȺƾΪչŮӶѡ
ҶˣʱЦˡ
ѩ̶Ƶĺȷǹ״Ѿڹ˵Щʵģտʼʱ˲ϰĿɬζҿ֡ѩ̻ˮζȫˣζѾƵԭζ
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ҪȱѾƣͨǰѾƷʢбľͰȿԱ֤ƵԭζֿܵˬѾֱӱ򲻿ȡʹѾϡͣڸлήͺܶࡣ
Ҫ϶ҪȼپˡҶ˵
ʵ׿ͣ˵ǼپƣϾƻƣֻݲҶ
˵֮䣬ţž߽Ůӣһλʮҵ׵ƷŮӡ
Ҷ٣ӣѵ͹ۺСδӭʧˡŮЦ˵



64 ϳ¼ҵϱ
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ֻҶ֣һϲ͡ŮҶҴҶʱǹؾصģ۾ҲûĴ飬Ҳװı飬һַĵĸо
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ഺɧСˣݸһЦҶ˵ƾһ䣬ҲǺһ¶˵ˣȷʵǼΪоǰȡֶѡ
ҶˣȻûжķӦȴЩ죬λС㾿ʲôͷȻԼ飬Ѿע⵽ˣȷʵЩ˵á
飬ҲǸո֪λЦˡС㿪żɽ˵Ѿˣû⣬ֻһվˮĹڵþƿıǩֽţҶٷ֣ǻڹΪˣһҪҶл⡣
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Ϊһ׼ıߣҶԴɣϳ¼ھеҲͦ󣬶ͷȻҲ٣ɲֹҶһӸǹȥġ
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ѵصģѧʤһҶƺҲĶпʱ򣬳ѧʤѾ֪ܹȫ˵ĻСȻˣʵϳ¼ҵǾܾΣƽʱڣĻȻ࣬ȴҲԲ٣ѧʤҪ۾ҲûбҪôȡ˵ף˻еˡ
度šҶ۵
ҶͬԾңڽ̳֮ӵеξ˺ܶ࣬ȻΪ۵㷢˱仯ԼƵľҪͬˣǲܷϻһǴڵģǾһ˵УΪ˸Ѿ̫ˣΪ屣һЩԪ
Ϊϳ¼ҵص̳ˣѧʤ߾һ;Ҳʲô⣬ǰԼյؾԵЩˣϾͨȣϳ¼ҵص̳Ҫغܶ࣬ϲƽȵģǲһŪ˵ĻԶѣƫƫܶ˽仰ԣԿֻԼ
ѧʤ֮һãһֻ˵ԼˣӢҪð
˵Ҷ˰֣ƱҶЦҪȥˣɡ
١Ҷһֻǽ֮ȴûзʲôۡ
ʲôýҶһʼͲһζοϳ¼ڿվΪͬ־׳ƣǳͬ־ˣôٰŮ޸Ҷ̣ǲǻͷ
Ҷ촽Ȼ˿̺ȵĺƣȻҷޱȡ
˰СʱѾƣѾƵζͿڸжһЩ仯ĳֽӴ֮󣬳˯ͷ˳Ҷ;ͷζٽرĸо˻ᡢɬζζá
ȻǻֵѾƣζʮ㣬˳ҶȻûͷûԵ˵ôһ䣬ȴţϣһεڱԼеһưɡ
ҶˣƺдҲһѾУ۾ϸϸƷ



66 Ҷƽʵ̬
ϣҶһͱ
ѵϰ趼ڼңҸҶ˼·װ
õôôֲȥסҶرţֹرԹš
ɵСӣȥװΪȥ˼ҳʲôѻЦ
ϰҶƽһ߶һ̣һűֽݣҶѻĶԻ̧ͷ˿ǣȻ˵һ䣬ͬ־ϽСҪУ࿴˵Ҫ˼²õӡ̸Сүϲÿ͸ôƨˡ
ŶҶӦһȴΪȻ
Ҳˣʮȫ˹ֲëͷСӣôӦֳ棿
˵ˣǳͬ־Ļ̫ʢҶҲһԺգڵʵȨҪǿ˺ܶ࣬Ϊеӣ˾ֶӣλԺյĸĶӣҶԼҲĸߣôڳǰ¶ӣ
ҶĸȳƣûСҲûִ󸹱ĹٶӾҲر׳֮֮ܶȽŨټϽüĿʣ΢һ£ȷʵԵܶŮӡ
ǵʧ֮ȴҲûо÷ǳѿһеĻ³ͺֹܲˡɴ˿ɼ˵һҪټһȽӲʵļǾ͸ŮԵֵˡ
Ҷ˧ˡѻ˿ǳ˵
ʱ䶨ʮ룬֮󣬴Ҫͬ־һģܻ֮Ṳ֮ͣĻƾҪӼЧ
ʵҶүӸͬ־˹ϵĽӴ֮⣬˽˵Ľ޵úܣӸλ֮ͱ÷ǳУر˾һ
Ϊڶμңÿһ˶ԼιԼͬ󣬶ݵλ˱Գһɣһûʲôô˴һɵĸо
ʰ֮ͣҶϰҶƽıֽ
һ֮£⣬һġչ۲ȵ㡷ϣȻ˸Ȼ෴£ͦе
ÿʱ򰡣ҶˣɵÿЦһ
Ȼ˲Ȧ˶֪ҶƽϵͳԣֱܹӰ쵽ıޣбȽӰĿȽ٣ݡչ۲ȵ㡷պþдԵĿҲԿҶҵι۵ꡣ
ھýһˮضеһϵͦĸ￪µĴ󱳾£չ۲ȵ㡷Ȼôһ˵ʲôѵҶѾ̬תѡַ֧ͬ־ˣ
ֹҶƽŤͷһۣȴû˵
ϵݶֽҪӡ˰ɣҶԵҶƽʵ
ǼӡʮҶƽǳرʾ
ôͬ־õ𣿡Ҷһ䣬ȻЩʵ
ȻõҶƽͷ϶¹ش͹ȥˡ
ô˵Ҷеʵ
ʲôû˵ֻǷԸֽˡҶƽش
Ҷ潫¶ĥһ£ʱЦ˵ϰ㹻ģרôһʱ䣬ͲĶӵĻ±ˣ
ʲôڴġҶƽҡҡͷЩΪȻ˵վڼϿ⣬Ȼϣɹվһ׵ϣһϣԺĻܹҸһЩ
ллҶˣЦ˵ǹ̨
Ҳ̸ǹֻ̨ǡˣҶҵȻҲҪһ¶ĻᣬɶѡҶƽȴԼǴĵңֻǱʾ飬δؾͷҪͬһӪ֮УҲʧȥĳˡ
ҶԼԴֻ£ζ˵޴ڣ伫
ںڵĻüҶƽŶ˵һʽ̤ȦӵĻûлͷ·ˣ˳Ŀ㣬˵ҶҲǸˡ
Ҷͷʾ˽⡣
ҶֲĴӵܣ˵ûд˼ҲˣһͱûһĻԱһǴЦ
ҶƽȻƽʱٶҶָֻţһЩؼϣȻҪΪӶһЩﻮģʱѾͬˣүǵһЩ뷨δؾܹ˳ع᳹ȥҶƽһ㣬ȻҲԶӽķչ֮·ǡ
֮ܶһ仰ӵδҪԼıԸ滮
Ҷ˲ϰֵģɵЩж



67 ׼֮
ɽׯƺӡ
Ҷϵܣƽʱţžһ˰
⻰˵ĺãһˣһȻˣȻ̫ˡ
λүӼ֮󣬾һٺѣЦȻȴζʮ㣬˲ܲϸĥһϾֵزÿһ仰Упܼд˽
Ҷһ㳲ʮ˻϶ܹˣԳͬ־ĻȻҲûϵ
Ҷ߹ȥʱ򣬾˽ţҳҵļλЦؿ´ȻͶ˽⡣
Ȼ˫ûֱӼ棬йصϣ͵Էİͷ
ͬ־жӶŮҲһˣǸҶҵ޼ʱҲǻˣ˫ĶŮУǻ죬ҶǺ̸϶󣬵ûʲô
Ȼһܳһѻ
ԺŵʱҶͿ̧ͷķ棬ǿңƺӣֻԾغ󷽣ƺҷ緶ȴû֪λʦֱʡ
ôʲôоԱ߶ȻһλЦҶʵ
Ҷһۣϳλǳͬ־ĳӣɣʺһȻ˵ܺá
ɶҶǺܸȤ⺢ӿűȽӺݣȴֳͶ֮䶼һȴʣòãⲿԶԼԤ֮ϡ
дúܺáҶϧ
ˣʱʧЦ˳⺢ӻͦЦģɷŹҶǾ׷ʵ⾳
⾳ҶЦЦƺͦģ뵽һ費ͥǰ䣻ȥ⣬ƾ档
ʲôЩ
˵ʲôֻǸôһָоˡȻ޺仹ˮϡУ˭죰Ϣ磬ǣҡҶں
ҲͬˣȻҶЩĿ࿴ֻЩ⻹ҪģҶС̬ƺҲʡ
Ǻǣ˵Цˣ̬ҵ뷨ôȻǡҶͣһ£Ȼ˵ų󺣣ů
ų󺣣ů˼ˣĥһ£Ц
Ժ֮һĸҲֻܴƫϷϵ񣬾磬ÿһ϶ֳ
Ҷˣ;Щ⣬˴ȻɣǷڽȻڱеˡ
ɽ۲ģҲܹͬ־ȽһЩ
ֻǲ֪ĻгɳĳҵΣ
ҵĵڶ϶ṳ̂;ߴ·ѡרҵԽǿ·ӣ˵ѧоڽӴҶλɣǽ迪еҪｨˣҲεг
Ҹڽϵͳ˵ѳ˹ҵȨ
ͬ־ȻǾϵȻͬ־ϸȴӲ̵ʶ˾öεǿӰԳҵڶ϶ڴ¸ҵйϵĹ
ȻϣгȲѷɫ٣վôȨһ֮ʵϵӰȴܹ͹迪ĲҵܹɵӰܶϸɲ뷨
Ǹչ֮ǰСһͻȻ飬ʱȥˣһӲܻɶҶȤСȥҵ鷿һΣ
𣿡Ҷһ£˿ڽ̸λүӣԼܵĳҺҶҴССǣЩԥ
ʱ󲿶ӣжƺ񲻺ϰɣ
Ů飬Ļ׵ģɽһӣرʾ
ģҶˣȻû˵ţǺԽֲ֮¶
ǰгүɾ͸ҴԲѵ˵ԼܹŮĻ¶ҪǷҶҵĻƲܣѵ˵ͬ־μҷԣ辶ɣ
Ҷ;òܣλ׼ˡǶ˻ˮҪԼء
ҶҲöԷôƺеԼһѧѣǼѧԨԴܵõ洫ολүӶȻƶĴѧͶʴ֣ȴҲδؾܹ¶ɣ
ȻˣҶҲܾܾǱʾԼһûëô
սȻҪӭѶˣ͸ҶҶˣЩֵصͷǺʶһ³鷿µúš



68 жҲԿ
̸ʲô£鷿ǷĵطѡɺȻЦ
ƺɸү֮ĬΪ뿪ʱ򣬳ɸүΪɲصͷүƺҲƵذ֡
Ҷ˼ܣ۹Ҳֲ˳Ҹ֮СС
͵ˣϳҶԱүĵһӡ󲻴Ҫ뿼ˡҶ΢һ׽׶ˡ
뿪ʱϰҶƽؿҶһۣĿ̺֮ŵģȴһֵĹУԼ
Ҷһů΢΢ףȴҶƽͷһ־ܰĵ˼
ӳˣҶƽһЩҸĸоûʲôһпοˡ
ҶүȻûжΧһУĿ֮С
ΪսķĽҶүӸүӶڴֵƿҲӹɵģôҶҶ⡰չˡҲҶ뾭һ飬ǳҿĻҲûбҪæһ͵ǴڳӺˡ
Ҷ۹ɵ鷿Ҳ˵Сʮƽ׵ӣóǾ˹˵ģ¹ŵĺľҾʾһֺعӵϢ̴ľϵһװΰ飬˵ݷͬСɡ
鷿֮У˳һǵ񻨵ľӴмǶСԲɹ֮ǽϣ涼ͨصܣֻпŵһ˼ͳˮīпλһŴ鰸űëձ棬ԼһЩīȻ˻Ӻīĵط
鰸һֽīδ͸һī֭֮
ҶȥȴǼ֣жҲԿ䡣
м䣬˵ĸоӵ¶ְȻͬ٭ĲȺϢҶ뵽λ׼Ҳǵܹ֮һ֮迪оӪͰһ㣬ȷʵףȻҲ˳ҵǳɱҲС
֮󣬳Ҳû˵ʲôԹֽ̿
ҶִϳģһҲûе˵Ĺ˼ɡ
ɵĲ飬ʷӼУһЩ˴֮ģΰֻеһ֣ҲЩľüֵΪߣһЩڼĲ飬ҲмֵϾһΪʷԭ򣬱ļ١
ʫδ͵鼮ȻҲ٣ҶҲûĶֻżϳһַ£ȻԭŻȥôʮӵʱͷʮеµĸо
ʱ򣬳Ѿдһƪ֣ˮϴϴ֣֮󣬾ҶоΣ
ͦáҶͷ϶
׷ʵ
ҼҵࡣҶش
ɺȻԼеʹĸоеЦõĸоҶӦԣֲ·ƵоĲöԸ
ʫδʺȤ󣿡ע⵽ղҶһֻϲעǾѯʵ
ʫСǲĶιľûжϵʣ͸Ŵи࣬ǲһ»ԣеĻ٣治ʲô¶ҶҡҡͷЩΪȻػش
ĿСЩ˵
ʵʫδҲôһ¶򵥸ĻǼ仰Ҷ˵
ʲôһû˵˵ɱʾԼܸȤ
ҶҲż뵽˺һϷ˵Ǿ˵ʫܽΪ԰լУ࣬ӽ˲ͱ顣δʻܽΪСʺȻƣϱͷ֪ӽΣϹгʣŮլɷ磬MM¥
ˣŶϵ챩ˣⶼʲôʲô
ϸϸһĥȴҶܽȻЩڽܣȴҲ辶֮Ҳ֪ʱգʫδʵôˣܹȷʵܲ򵥣ҶǸѧѣȻܹ˵ĻҲǷǳѵˡ
ֽ⼸仰ζһ£Խе˼
ʵڹٳҲã̳ҲգҪͷأͲܹƣҪеһ۹һҶҵλȻЩŵóƿسҾĴ￴ˣҲúȤ
ֻǣԽǽܳӵܣҪƿԽѣǽŮһҲ治Ǻ̤ʵ
ǻһȺͬŮˣҶĻԼŮǼ޹ȥҲѼԦסɣ
뵽Ů£Ҳ΢üͷ¶Ѱ찡
ǻȥɣܲôҾõȣߣСҲûˡ˼ǰתǧأڱôһ仰
Ҷͷǣ˵һֿǻȥˡ



69 Цʲô
صʱȺѾֻˡ
λүһ죬ļλ㵽һ߶֮ĽһЩ˵СǣѾȥķ䣬Լȥˡ
ɻ֮󣬾ҶƽĶ˸طʹ˴֮ҲΪϤҲͻȻ顣
ϾڳɿҶƽΪ˻ǱȽϿ׶ģӦҲȥ
ҶǷԼﶼʣڳʱ򣬾ͼү֣Ǿ͸Ͻ˹ȥ
¡үģʾҶ
ͬ־ڸҶү̸۾ý跽⣬ƺҶĵ
ҶʵȻ󾲾λүӵ̸
ĸ￪֮󣬾ýȷʵȡһĳɾͣãǵĽȡʶʹ飬ע˷չҲʹһЩ˵˽ͣĶܲաͬ־ʾ
ȷʵҪǲҭʳǰҪĹΪȻǷչý裬ȺڵҶүʾҲӦÿǰìܣǸܵ⣬ȻȺڵò⡣ǿԽһǧɣһɣϰճԲϷûɡʳΪ죬ֵİʳ֣Ƿ֣ûʳͻᷴ⵱ȻҪΪܣýͣǻӵġ
λүĿǰ£δĿ磬̸һЩ
Ӳصͬ־ΪһУҶүΪ֮ȻǱ֤ϰյĳԷ⣬ǿý衣
λүӵļֶûдֻһص⣬ĳһбȶһЩܾͻȫͬӰ졣
ҶԱ߶ţҲֻѣǸ̸ǶүҲһԣһСëӡˣȻû๵ء
ȻҶүӲûзǳȷرʾַ֧ͬ־ƽĸҲԲֳ֧ͬ־ӱصϰյ״ǿýҪԣҲóͬ־޷
ʵϣϵۣѾ˺ܶ꣬ҲûܹκһӮȫʤ
⣬Ҷ䶼ˣҪҿĻһǵΪڸĸ￪гɳһˣҲӦзȨġһֱĬĶүӺȻ
үӵĻóͬ־ҶүӶеЩ㵣û뵽үӻ죬ǳͬ־뵽˽籨ֽϵЩ£ѵ˵ҶѾʼҶƽˣ
ҶҵĶУܹõó֣վ̨ϲִ۵ģӦҲֻҶƽĸˣȻǸȴģ˵ҲҪ
ĺƲһΪǳϵеҪһʱ棬Ϊ˺ܶ๤ʶ̬ĶԵΪ
ҶƽںƲѹ֮¿չȻ˳ͻȻԼųҶѾͳһ˼룬ಲˡ
ƽĶۣͬ־ΪԼҵļӵУڽڷ۽跽ĳɾ͸һЩֱӸҶƽԱȴδжơ
ǾһǵĿվǵģǽӰ࣬Ƿġͬ־˰֣ȵ˵
Ҷ仰Цֲóͬ־ΪǱĴӰ˵ĻܹһЩ
ͬ־̸֮䣬ȨǷܹʼһرɫǸеЩǵģڽνʲ׼ɻ糱Լƽݱ˵ѹ֮£ͬ־δԤֹۡ
Ͼ֮£ͬ־ڡӰࡱĿǱȽֵ֧ģӴµĽɽƹܣҪȽǿһЩġ
ǰ괺ļ䷢ˡ¼֮˼ĶһֱǳңҶҲǵõʱйһ׸裬Ÿоߡ˷ɣǼ֮׸ͱؽֹˡ
˵ĳ쵼ڷǹĳУй׸ݣŸоߣǻҪҪ쵼ŸоߣҪģ
ʱƶ֮ӣɴ˿ɼһˡ
Ȼ𵱳һЩʶ̬ĶȻûнһһЩҵľƣʼһܴ鷳
뵽Ҷϲɵ¶һ˿Цݣ˿֮󣬾ЩŹ֡
ͬ־һ۾ͿˣЩõ˵ЦʲôĪҸүү̸˸еǳЦ𣿡



70 ϣ
ԭͬ־Ҷĵһӡǲģȥ棬֪Ҳû˵ӦǸӣȻСһҲʲô⣬Ͼھӵ֮УҪŮһʵ䣬ܲס
Ҷүӵķǣͬ־ǱȽ͵ġ
ҶүƷѧŵĴѧڿսͶʴ֣ɱܣҵɾְתΪ˾ý蹤ͬ־йһζദĺ
ֵóƵģҶүǣһ
ĺܲʲô⣬Ҳǳͬ־ѡҶӵΪŮĳ֮һ⣬ȻǿҶƣҲ⣬Ϊţ˴֮ĺԽ࣬Խڼȫչ
ʵϣҶĿ죬һԺžͿʼˡ
ǳѯſĸоȥ鷿СǼƻеһ֣Ů뿪Ҳδûϳҵһֿⰲš
һжʾϳҶŮĺ⡣
֮ǰͬ־ҶĸоɴҶȥ鷿תһȦ֮ı֣Ҳ˵ЩŵԳͬ־ȻûнϲɫԱȴҲֹɵġ
ֻҶȻҶү̸ʱ¶˹ŹֵЦ⣬ڳͬ־У;úܲˡ
ЦʲôĪҸүү̸˸еǳЦ𣿡һֱûлȨĳүӣʱסҶİѱеҪⷢӵ˼ˡ
ҶүӼˣ΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
˶꽻սˣҶүô²ͬ־ͼֻȴûбҪ˵ƣҵ϶ܺÿ
ҲԿǶҶһ飬ǳ棬ܵǰһǣ
Сӣү㻰ءүӿһһ˵
ͬ־ˣ΢еڣҲǸҶү޹ֿҶЦǷ飬Բ̲סһ䣬ʱеԴС˼ˣֻ⻰Ѿʳȴղȥˡ
˵˵ͬ־ŬһԼ˵ˣҲӦùĹҴ¡
ллүӸҸԼ۵ĻᡭҶǷǳضԳͬ־ʾ˸лȻ˵ʵҾãүӺүү˵ĻеҲȷġ
ֻϡĻǻǳ˵ˡͬ־ָ
Ҷû˵ǣۼʹһѧҲûбҪġ
ʲôλүˣȻЩԼĶ䣬û뵽ӻ˵ԲѰ
ĸзգĸոȶӦǶ̬ġ𳵸ǰ˿ͲûиеȶгһֹͣתʧȥȶҶ٩٩̸ֻעؾý裬ûзգ϶еģɽҪɫýĳɹҪ漯ɣϰҪԶܶǱȻģΪ˷񶨸ĸͣ˾ý裬ûзգȻҲеģҷո󣡡
Լãͬ־ˣûзŭȴЩطʵ
ҶԴǣȻܶҲ˵ǳôСһ֮ڣܹͬ־Ȥġ
ʵϣͬ־ҲҪͨҶ죬˽һµǰУĿϾһδףԼٺãԺҲҪȥһ졣
δȡѧУӦԵ˼
ʳΪ찡ҶҶүӵĹ۵㣬Ȼָһʵƶ֮·֮ͨ˶ûʲôϵģֻһ飬˭ִֻ̨ҪϰճԱůҸУܹɵȶ裬ʱܹõĹ֧ԮΪ΢֮Ϊƶȵȱݶûгͷ֮գҲ㹻ˡ˵ϲ㽨ʲôϰչŵĶ𣿶Ҳǵڿαѧһûϲ㽨Ȼ˵һ⣬ýȻǹҽܳһζʱڵҪص㡣
λүҶĻȻЩ⣬ǳүˣû뵽ɵؿҶҵӡ
Ļȥһʲô˼үʵ
ҵ˼ֽ۵ҲˣñӴþˣںźϰյ涼йǵģϲ˵ĵеģĸ𣿸ոպùһЩӣ᲻»صǸûʱòõڼ˯ʱ򣬶ᱻһȺ˳ץߣȻûϢ᲻ͻȻΪһ仰ҪĴۣҶָƶ֮Ҳã·֮ҲգܿʷĵΪȨ֮뾭ñ޷ԨǾԵòϰֵ֧ģ
֮ܶһ仰Ȩ¢УܰϰյҪϰջϣҶһѪָ·֮ѾʱˣŪһûǰ;ʱƣƶƸĸǿ̲ݻ



71 СӣǸ
ڴԣүߺߵ˵
˵үǳˮ֮أҲС̫ߴ˱Ƚܴ󣬵еͳĽϲӷ緶
һȷţͶ֮磬͸¶һŶȶӵĻУҲܹġ
үӵԸ񣬵еɼԴˣӵ۾龰ʷҲǼټģҲڵĸУٵйôΡ
ɿŲȻɫĸףЩȻû뵽үӾȻôķӦ
ʱѾҶ뿪ܾˣȴû뵽׾ȻڻҶҵҶȻˢӰ
үүһСë˵ѣαظһʶһŮӾڳүӵ࣬ǳеְź󱳣ϳҵ飬ɵŮ档
ȻүûеҶôһ֮ͨ󣬰Ҷүڣҵ鶼Ե÷ǳ𾪣ȻûϵҶô͵ӿԱŰ
Ƹĸֻ⣬ҲһСëܹģԴƶĸķͬ־Ҳһǳ⣬׳ԡ
ҶҲúƸĸƸĸеĻͷֻܹһһ漯ţڹ񣬲ûжٺô
ҶСӣǴúܣүЩ߷ߵš
浹ԵͦĵģҶŭ˳үӣһεƻҪƲˣȥЩ׵ɵ£ȻеޱȣǾ˵Ƕ˵ҶСΣڿҲһ̸СëҿүүѣûһڴӦù˾ˡ
ˣүԼĴȣЩڻ˵
ǳЩ΢΢üһޱĳүӣ֣ƺЩˣֻǲ֪˼ҵ浽ôģ
ƽĶۣɶҶˣǱȽ͡
Ͷԣıеӵ֮УܹȵҶģ޼ôëǣҲʮϵԱˡ
ҶԳȣĿԴϬ׼⼸㶼óĵطҶԶԶԽ͵ĳ죬ó̸ͬʱ⻹һСëӡ
ֻҲеźҶʵڲӦڼλүǰ̸Ƹĸʵ̫أԶܹŵ
ôүӺȻѯʵ
ˣʱеүү˽⣬˵үӶһȫϣͲѯ˵ҶӣȻҪѯʸ׳ɶҶĿ¶͸ŹŹ֡
Ȼԥһ£شףҾˣǱȽϿ׶ġ
˵˵ԶӶҶĿ϶үӲûвȻŭ侲ʵ
Żǣ׼ܽǿ־ᶨױңͬ׶ʮ׶УһûмʤˡɺޱؽԼĿŮ棬˵˳
ְ֡ˣʱЩż㲻ʲôôɣôô˵ĺûѵҪŮ˲ɣ
ɵѾͷϰôܰˣЩ簮ؿŮ
ʲôˣǻΪ͹쵼ˣЩյ˵
үЦЦû˵
ҡҡͷЩε˵ѾͷҪ֪ļͥҪһƽҲǲܵģΪɺͰ飬ҲпǾװ֮ĻԺƭͬһײĻעǻԱճġ̫ˣҲܿҲĹȦڴΪɫһܹ㣬㲻ΪһЩ¶٣ҲΪߵ˺ְֲ֮ܶ˵𣿡
ҸһСë̸飬ǾòԾ¶Ҫ֪ˣñ˰ҸЦ侲֮Щͷ۵˵Ļ࣬Ϲҵܵء
ʵ࣬꣬ʵҲǲѣҲ㲻ʲô¡үӺȻ
үү㲻Ǿܹ𣿡Щ
٣СӣǸүû˵ģֻ˿϶



72 Ҷҵ
СеݹˣƸĸ飬ᡣүЩͬضҶ˵
Ҳû취飬ϻ˵ղȥˡҶһ̯˫ֵ
϶үӣҶһûУҪǶүӶЩ󱲣ǶҶ̫簮ˡ
ȻˣүԼûŮ簮ҲǺȻүҲԭ簮ǣ¶һߵģ˵ǵΪ˵͹µߣүӿ϶Ҳԥشס
ҺãҶҵӵǣڶ䵽ֵز
ʵһҲáҶүӺȻ˵
֮ҶүӾһֱڱĿƺڳͬ־͵һЩϢ
Ȼ˵Ҷڳͬ־ǰ̸ƸĸŪóүӷǳƣǳԷʱ̸Ҷ˲پƣҲ˲ٲˣӵ֮Ҳû¶ʲô
¶ȻҲǺģΪڵĺͺǴСбȽ϶ĽӴ֮ͬǱȽߺ֮䣬Ͼʹһ׽УȻҲͺѶ
үǵ֮ͬ飬οǻǻĽ飬ҲΪЩŪಫϵеģȴҲŪΪһϸμңӦֵܹеػ
ֶ̫û¶ҲҪ˼ҸϾɱĻǻ⵽Ⱥ֮ġ
һҲãүӶⷽ飬ע٣ҶүӵĻʱЩ
ƽѾڵڿϷԼĹ۵ˣôСôһ֣ͬ־϶ǵ׼߾ðˡҶү΢΢һЦҶҵ̬ȷǳؼı߶ǻӰģǵ̬ȣһܹر¶
ŶСôһ֣ҶͷųˣүһĥʱͷӦ˹
ҶƽͷųĹ۵㣬ԶԻǱȽº͵ģڷͬ־һ߶ѣҶƸĸһۣ׽͸ˣ˭Ҳ⻰ҶԭôɵȻͼҶүӵϡ
ųͬ־Ҳ˯̤ʵˣҪеĹؽڸĥԲߡ
Ҷү˵ҶôһҲãΪҶһж̵棬һʱ֮޷²ҶҵĿġ
ҪۣźػǮҶүӵĻд⡣
ҽ첻ȥףȥȥˡҶЩƵ˵
Ƹĸ飬һʱʴʶѣû뵽ЩμҵУ˿õĳ룬¶еʼδ
ϳ¶ȷʵЩصȻôŮӶûⲻˣһү¶ܲʹ졣
Ȼˣ⻰ҲҶүǰ˵һ˵ѣϾͬ־϶ˣĲͷ˼ҵ쵼ʱǡСͬ־̫ǺӰ̬ġ
ҶүӸͬ־Ȼй¼ϵ಻󣬵ǿԹսһ˵ûô˼ɡ
ŮϾһЩƣһЩҲǿġҶүӶ¶ûôϣֻǳͬ־ʶǼС֮δ㣬ҲȷһǿԵ
˵泤ͦƯģҶȻʵ
ѾͷСʱҼΣûټӦòŮʮ˱䣬ܲԽԽɣҶү°ͳ
ү˵ϳҶŮܰ˻Ϣһ˲ݣҲǲϣ̫ܵţϾϳŮһ¶ﶼð
ˣƯŮﶼעģֻҪǲšҶ˵
ճ䣬Ӧϴѧһ꼶ʱҲܵעʱڣѧҶˣΪһŮһȺװĵģһŮֻҪ̫֣Ҳ׷󣬴ҹʢĺɶɷھֻǲ棬ûϲ
Լĳһ߲֮飬ǵЩ˼ˡ
Ĵ֮£ΪƷŮŮȷʵҶҲûлɹԼ᲻ΪеһƷ
Ȼˣñ֮飬Ǽ̵ģҶĵߡ
ԣҶȻԳȤҸҪһĵӵģΪҶоɶԼӡ󲻴үȻ͸Լô룬Ҳܹġ
һ̫ˣǶҲ᲻ر۷ҶվӣԼ˧˺ܶ࣬ɵ̾Ϣ



73 ʼת
1991Ĵڣúܲƽ
Ӵһʼоͳ˻ҩζ
Ȼֻҩζȼŵı񣬸ڱ־֮ϵԡ
ԭֻǾǺеýսѣ񾩳ǵһýȻҲת˿ڷ磬ʼսС
΢ı仯ȻҿУ֪¶ѾԽԽˡ
壬ҶҺϳҵһλ棬ȻûдȥϢͨĴ֮䣬жţϸ⣬֪˶ǻĪ϶̸
ʮʱٿڲԱԪ軰ʱ򣬺Ʋ͵ǰϵͳдڵһЩ⣬˷ʽ
ϵͳһЩܲõʲ׼ɻǳءƲɫ˵ϵͳΪĺ࣬Ҫʱ̱һ£ܹά󣬿ƫƫЩͬ־ȫֻ֣ĸʲ׼ɻôܹȶ
ƲĻȻԵģ˲֪ϵͳ˭֪ǰշӦеǼƪϵµıչ۲ȵ㡷ԼļݱҶƽµý壬ҲҶֱƿصߡ
ƲͻȻ¶ȻҪҶƽһˡ
Ʋ̸֮󣬳񸱲֮Ҳʹ̸̸ǿ֯ɵҪԣʲ׼ɻıҪԣΪӦڲԲԾĳЩڵĲͷ
ְûб̬˵Ҳǲ۲رʾһԼһɼ֮ģúƲͳ񸱲֮ŸеЩʧҲеЩǡ
Ȼ˵ͳ񸱲˵ı̬ѾְԴ˲ӦԣΥĻȻǺܴġ
ƲĿתһȦͣҶƽϡ
ҶҵλƲҲûʲôƢϾҶƽҲĸȻ˵˸£һʮҶƽԼԴȴ˭Ҳ޷ӵġ
ǱĸƲͲҪ࿼ǣֱϳ񸱲֮ţܰʰˣҶƽͲ˵ˡ
ԽҶƽܿգʵȨ˭Ҳûа취ҪҰҶҵĶɾˣҶҵļôöԸģҶƽ̨ƾ͵ʰ˰ɣ
ӽǶױ̬ȻǿҶϵ̬ȣƺڷת䡣
ƽͬ־Ҳ̸̸֮ſƲĿҶƽתƣ̾ͳ䵱ȷ棬ƵҶƽϡ
Ҷƽһֱֻ±Ħţ֮󣬷ԵĻᲢ࣬䣬ƷƱã۷ҲǾҡҶҽҶƽȻҲױ̬һԼڵĹöѡ
ԣҲϰҶĵ͵ǽ죬ƺ־Ҫˡ
ڵһۣҪģ治ҼǵõҲйΰټٻŵʱ򣬺Ǽ׶ζҵչõʱڣÿһǧƪһɵʱ򣬶ǵηҵּرʱڡԣΪ۷ֻҪԭ򲻳ǳҲǿ̵ģƫ򰵣һҪϰ˵ǻӵġҶƽôʾ䣬һһ˵
ҶƽԼ̬֮󣬼־ĸǣ۾ʱҶҵʽ̬Ҷƽ˵ҲͰˣһ˵ǾͱҶϵվ˷ͬ־һ߶ģ
ƽͬ־˵úеһ̾٩٩̸ûУһǾͳɶˣʮƽٵĽѵѵ𣡡
кü׷׷ԸͣƱеһ߶ˡ
Ʋͳ񸱲֮ſˣʱеʧˣʵҲԼһɵģһǿӲֶͳһ˱û취ԿǼΪģȱֻһйĿӶѡ
ҶƽĻ˸߲еѾ磬صҶҿʼַ֧ͬ־ôƻϾӦʻˣҲû𷴻Ǿ̫ץסˡ
ɢᣡƲʧأЩŭû뵽Щڹؼʱ̣Ȼһ˳ת֧Ҷƽ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֹֻ⣬ٿӦԵĲԡ
Լƿе߹ˡ



74 
Ҷҵˣ򵥡ͬ־۾ϣ
ʲôƲˣʱе졣
Ʋǰǳͬ־ϲ£׳һмӣԴӷͬ־ȥ֮شľϣڳͬ־൱࣬ϵҲܵ൱̶ȵӡ
Ʋڷʲ׼ɻᷨһʱͳһ˼Ҳһãһ׳ͬ־ǱȽϿصġ
ֻһζʱͬ־̬Щҡڲ˺ѿԺƵҲżۿԼһϵѾռƵλֱܲ־һһͿذɣ
ؼʱ򣬺ƲҪ׳Ż̤ʵһЩ
һζ԰Ǳ߶̬Σͬ־Ȼʵ
̬ƲЩǵػش
԰һ׳ͬ־֮Ҳڴ֮ڵҪ־Խڸ߲֮еϰߣ׳ָˣ˵ᵽҶүҶǬĸƣᵽͬ־ƺӴ棬ᵽͬ־֮ΪӻͬȻˣ𲻹ľûʸˡ
԰Ǳ߶ìأ¶ܴߣֻϣǵķչͬ־룬ͶԺƲ˵
ϵͳڲҲкܶ಻ͬƲʾ
ĵͷϣ㲻Ҫ˵Լˡͬ־˵
Ʋ֮󣬾еͷ
Ȼǳͬ־ԼɰǵһļˣǶҶƽƲҲͷ۵úܣӲ¿϶УҪһĸɲҲܹ˵ģ߲Ǳ߶϶ͨϾ˼Ƕ׳ۺʵڽͬ־֮ϡ
ôʵ˲λˣ񷽺ͬ־ôǿƵӰҲΪͬ־ҲͬΣҶһȨǿ󣬼Ȩ㳯Ұˡ
ֻҶҵȨҪھ߶Ҫ͵ܶ࣬ƽʱҲͷ뵳ĻĻúܶ˶˯žġ
ڣҶƽҲа
ƲĥһӣȻǰһ˵ҪǿϵͳĻýпɳһ߹ķǰĪ˹ƣƽͬ־Σ
ͬ־ˣ˵ͷǿԿǣֻǱ߶еҰ
ңҲҶǵΡһ㣬ƲǱȽĵġ
ͬ־û˵ʲô
¶ܿ;ˣųһʮ˵ķţǰĪ˹ƣҶƽͬ־ӣΪһµѺ÷ʡ
ɽҶүЦŶҶƽ˵ͬ־еˣŷӰŪȥ
һµʱ䣬ܶˡڵɽ֮һ׳нҶƽüͷ˵
ƵͼǺԵģҶƽῪȻſֽвгѹȥȵҶƽһ֮Ѿ±һ뷢ʲôͬҲߺ͹ѣûӦˡ
Ǻ¶Ա߶ŵҶͻȻ
ҶѾ˲ʸֻҪǼд¶ʱҶүӻǸҶƽѧϰԹһйصľߡ
ȻˣҶүӺҶƽǺеԭ쵼ɲȻὲ˵͸¶ȥҶܹӴģҪҲǸйصһ֡
ˣһζʱѧϰҲҶ࣬ǶҶҵĺܶϵʶа̾ҶҹȻȨһʱĴš
Ϊʲô˵Ǻ¶ҶƽӲ廰Ҳûв⣬Ƿʵ
˵ʵżģ϶Ҷң̬һξ㹻ˣ˭ǵǷͬ־ץסǧѷĻҲͲǷͬ־ˡҶЦŷʵϰѾɣڲѾ󣬽Ϸõѡ񡣡
ŶҶүӸҶƽ˶һۣеЩ棬û뵽Ҷ˼·Ѿ˸ͨ͸
νս޺պ֮ಲ󣬶һͷѪδؾܹȡĹѫҶƽҶҵı̬Ѿڵϵ֮ĿУҪĵ㲦ãͷȴûбҪԼݽȥ
ڳ뿪Ҳû˻˵ҶһΪǺᵽµʱ򣬶ᵽҶƽ𵽵ľá
ϰȥʱɣҶȻֶҶƽ˵



75 ۰
ȥҶƽЩ졣
Ҷ˵ͷ뷨ҲǸոģҪϰҶƽҪųԲŻʱ⡣
ȥҲãϾҪμӸ߿ˣ治ʲôʱҶƽǲԶӳʶǶڸ߿ǺܿصģԻǷҶ뷨
ʵ߿Ҳô¶ѧУǸϰģѣҲʲôοһвʿʱûʲôӰ졣ҶʾԼҪľġ
ʿǸ楰ɣҶүӺȻʵ
Ҳ֪Ҷͷð˵ʲô¶һ˽ûˡ
ѾͷҶү˵һ䡣
Ҷе棬һҲǺȻģϾҶҵύʲôʲô϶עû׼үӸҪ˻㱨һء
һ㣬үܹ֪極Ĵڣʲôϡ¶
ǾȥɡҶƽүӿ϶楣Ҳû˵ʲôԵĻ
ʵϣļ˵߿ʲôĻ׻ǰǺܳ飬Ҷڿ˯׾˭֪
е飬Ȼ˳㶨ҽίΣҲǸҶƽһѣҪ߱ҪѷɫһЩϾ֮أܹλģĲķչǰ;һƬ
ҶƽģܹΣҲᱻųȥһʡʡίǣǺȻ飬ټҶҵӰƽƽȹһ£ɼطֵ࣬ⲻܲܵǶҪĲˡ
Ҷնȥһ˶ѧУ˸١
Ȼ˵ʦΪȽϷУΪϾѾٽ߿Ҳûж˵ʲôҶֱȽеǰһܳײ˵ҲѧУ洫
Ҷû¶һֳˣôҵ裬֪λԲʲôһˣҲȥˡ
мʱҶȥ˪һ棬˵ԼҲһ¡
ô᣿ϾҪ߿ѽ˪Դ˱ʾǳ𾪡
ЩҪҲ֪ҼҵеһҶ˵
˪üëҶȴλҾԣͬѧΪʲôܸ˲һ
һҶ¶֮˪ĸ;˴Ҷֻ֪ҺжҲ˵
ǰ˪ΪҶһӵܣǽӴҶ˼ҾԽ֮⣬ûʲôӵܵĶϰұ˳˧˵ѧϰɼҲǲģһײҲΪ
˪УҶһܺõͬѧʱҶȻ˵Ҫһ£˪δģҶѧҵܵӰ졣
ȥ極ʱ򣬾ͱȽϷˡ
ʲôҺһȥЩȵʵ
ΪʲôҶȻͻ룬ô⡣
۰ִȥʣ˳˳糵ȥתתǷЩʲôƵĻᡣҶ͵
۰֡Ҷô˵ɫʱͺˡ
ҶҵѾشҶĿ˽⵽ˣֻһʱ֮䣬Ӧֱ仯ԼʧĶ󣬾ȻȨ㳯ҰĶ׳ҶǬӣҶƽ׶ӣ
ֻǣ۰ֽ֡з楿϶ǺڵģΪһܹߵȽĲʿҲǳ̸֮ңҶŮˣѾûа취飬ǽֹϵ¶ڶԷĸУе޵ݵġ
һҲͷʹҶȥôʱᱩ¶Ҷƽǰ֮Ĺϵס
Ҷôȥת˻⣬Щʵ˵ܴ󣬺ƲҶһ£涼ˡ
Ϣô죿ҶˣҲһ
Լ˼еĵ϶˹й¶Ϣ˿϶ǺǱ߶ġ
ΪȨսһƲ϶̣й¶ϢˣԾǶˣпܾǷͬ־һϵȻҲпϵģΨ²ҵĻˮߡ
ǲô˵¶عˣϣʲô¶ͷܴ󣬴˵һϵĻ¶Ӱɾʹˡ
ܲɵǣҶƽݣǡõҶҶĿǰϵͳʾ˲Ƿ񶨣һε飬ִˡ
й©ϢҲã䶨ҲʡôҺҲˡҶһ㣬Ҳ̹Ȼ
սʵѾϵͳˡ



76 ͬ־Ĳ
ǣӻͬʮ˺լͬ־
ͬ־ϰߣ˿һЩ֡
ΪϷˣǵĺԺ˿ˣȻЩ˼顣
Ⲣʲô¶νܲˣ
ھýΪҶƽĳֶڵķз֮ʱԶϷڵķͬ־ѾȻص˾ǼС
ֻǣ뷽ͬ־ͬʱִģһλίǺ
ͬ־ҲίԱΪҪֱϽеίǣλίԱҲӦ֮⣬ңֱϽеУеķҲصģҪȾίǸŷ
һУȻΪеλӾϣҲеԵصӰ졣
ίȻϾ࣬ίԱеǰӽǷǶ࣬Ĺϵ۸ӣǸĽ㣬ҷӣĲף׵ˣԶ߻ʵԶίίԱȨգһԾŶ
һκͬ־ͬͬ־ȴûʲô֪ȻΪ
Ҷڱ̬ˡͬ־˵
ҶǬͬ־ͷԻǺģҶҵؼʱ̾Բϱ̬һ̬Ӱͷǳ󣬱ϾеĺܴһˣǸߵģһ֧ǵҲڡͬ־˵
һȥϷڣ˳ƷһϵеͦĸȻǳڷͬ־⣬Ǻͬ־Ϊίǣ𵽵úͶסѹҲ൱޴ġ
ͬ־̬ȣʼղʡͬ־˵
Ϊεһ׳ͬ־Ƿͬ־һģʱڣһֱûбַ̬֧ͬ־ԵЩˡ
ӦܿƵģ̬ǳ¡ͬ־Դ˵Ƿǳ϶
˵Ҷƽͬ־ҪųĪ˹ˡͬ־˵
ͬ־ͷʾҶҵ̬ѾȷˣҶƽͬ־ǷʣӰ춼ˡҲãźܶ˶ˡƵһ壬ߵò
ͬ־һĥƺҲ
ҶƽĶѾҶҵƴʱҶƽʣȻƶͳһ˼һЩͬʱҲôҿһ㣬ǾҶҶԺƲ
Ҷֵ֧ķͬ־ȫˣҲ㹻Կɡ
οͬ־кֶܶΣûʹء
һʱֻ̣Ϊ˿ģеʱ˺һ״̤ǰͬ־Щ̾Ϣ˵ѡȡӰϣĺһֱð
̫λʱʷͬ־Ұ֮ʱα仯
ͬ־˼ػش´ңս
̫ãΪͬ־Լǣ˾ģԴ˿ʼ˸ֵһֱ
˷ͬ־Ϊؾ⣬ӵⲻãһ飬ؼʱ̾ȲԼпܷһǾѰˣҶҵ̬ȣ¹滮ֵķͬ־ԣǳҪ
ҶƽŵҲǷͬ־Ϊ֮ڿЧ
ҶƽĶȻȴ̣Ҷҵ̬ȣ˾ڷͬ־֧֣Ҫġ
ڷͬ־ͬ־ƵͬʱүҲڸҶ
ͬ־һЩⰡҶ˵
ֻ治Ҫ˵ү˵
˵ͬ־ĽӰˣ⽮ĹŽͬ־Ҷʵ
˵Žͬ־̫ᣬʱүӶԴ˵ǱȽڻش
ڵĽӰ⣬һֱȽУҲȽѲҪһȨ⡣
̫浱һһӣȻѡ˽ӰˣνӰ̫ǳټ۽粻ܹʱ޷ѹˣò˵ӵԲ˷ͬ־ɽʰ顣
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ʲôҶڿϴĶƣһʱ֮侹ȻûзӦ
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ܴҸ̫һǡޡۡᲢۣΪаУʵϺܶ˶ʮ֮ǰ˵ˮƽԶǹڵҪõöࡣ
ҶƽҲ޷ǵʱ̫һڶưԡĺٹŮ󣬻Ӹճŵ½Ͼ󹤷ϱ⡢ݱ飬ͬСӵļƽԭһصƬĽ
ҶƽҲĥ¶뵱æȫսһɽţΪ˱սΪԤ쵰ԭӵۼҲԭӵ̫˼쵼С׼ӲӵܱʽװǺε۲ΰԣˡۡ͡ޡ֪ʱŵء
һε⵱ʼ£һλӴĹԱ˵ǱսڷգЦ˵ǿη𣿡
λԱΪԺ˵Ӧú˽һµʱʵ˿¹˹⼸ʮУڳһսҲûڹʱйûйս˫սйҲǶ֡˵ڷնΪҪûбҪս׼ûбҪڷնǿԵ߿йڵصĺۼ𣿡
ˣҶƽӶԷϣҲįƶ۹ȷʵѾ˺ܶ⣬֮ٹ⡣
Ҷ΢ЦһԣҶƽռţͬʱҲ뵽ҶƽҪֽϵƬȷʵЩ쵼˵ȣϧڽһ볣кܳһζ·Ҫߡ
е˼ˡҶƽȻ˵ĸĸȷʵ˺ܴ⣬һĽ壬Ļͻᱻҡɣҹĸĸҵ϶ҲܵĴԣ鲢ܽĸʧܵĸɣȻ΢ŽдһϵжΪص֮ύ룿
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˼ġص㲻ҾҪ˸ĸĸǵĸĸȫ¶˵ĸĸΪʲôѹԽԽǹһЩҪԴ˵ġ
˼˵ǸǲһΪǵʧܣǵĸĸҵ԰ɣҶƽʵ
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Ҷ˼·ǺģһιҪʵԼľĿ꣬ͬʱҲҪʵΪҶƽƵĿꡣ
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Ȼ˿öŷ䣬÷ʲ׼ɻ壬ɷͬ־ƶĸĸ￪ҵôΪʲôýʽĸ͹ڵĸĸҵֿԴᶨƵƶڵĸĸ￪أң⽫Ϊͬ־һܺõĽɡҶ㵽Ϊֹûаѻ˵
һҶҳ˴ҶƽΪڵĸĸҵɨϵϰҶүƶȡйίѹڽͬ־ͷϵġšǸߣ˫£ͲŲܴĿ꣬ҶƽɹƳΪҶҶ·ˡ
ֻҪ˵ͨ˽ͬ־ͷͬ־ҶҵƶҪҶƽŵطϳһʡķ⽮ȫûġ
ҶҲ֪ʮ꣬Ǿýٷչʮ꣬ڵֻҪܹ㹻Ҷƽ볣޷ֵġ
ʮ֮ҶƽҲʮѡ
ֽĿ꣬ҶҶƽѾˣίԱίǡ
ȻˣҪλеѶȣҶŷͬ־ЭøĹϵ֮󣬾Ѿǲɵֵ飬ôίǵĺͬ־ؽԺθ
ίǵλã˱ˣװԼϰֵиá
ΪϷ֮󣬹ע˽һصĿгĸʣѾﵽٷ֮һˡ



83 ǻҪһ
Ī˹Ƶ棬ҶƽҶ⸸һҲûš
ӵĳѣҶƽܴһķųԱǸɣ϶İףʸӹӲ۷ʶҲ̣Ҷ뷨׵õ᳹Χ˼дһϵ
ʵ϶ڸĸ￪ŵǰǰҶƽйȽϵͳоʱᣬȻܹһȽԵĶԱȡ
ʵϣҶƽѾ֣ٵΣԶ۲쵽ĸء
һѮʱάͨ飺һǶ317վȫ񹫾ԾǷˣǹʹ𰸷ֱǣΪ뱣ά干͹Ϊܹ֤κ幫ȨƽȵȨ͹𣿡ǡ򡰲ǡ
Ѿˣ317յͶƱʾĹ޳ɱˣǸǷȴûвȡκα˵Ĵʩȫ񹫾֮󣬷Ƽ˹ͨڶͳְľ֧ʴʱѾ12%ҡ
ڵΣѾٽǾΣ⣬ΣҲѾﵽʮΣյĵزǷ˻ͲʵʣͼгҵԮֻʧܶյġ
иڴˣҶƽܽĸﾭѵ뷨ŨңصܽĿǰΣĸԴ˵չԹҵ쵼Ȩл룬׵ľøĸƸĸȵȣЩ۵озǳȷ֡
ȻҶƽδķʣһ£Ѿ½˹ڡ
Ҷүӿ˶ӵ֮󣬳ãȻԭ˽ͬ־ͬ־ͬ־
֮󣬷ͬ־齫һϵڲģõ˽ͬ־׿ϣͬ־Ҳûбʾԡ
Ҷƽڲ˼ҵۣȻڽϴ飬ҶƽĸǰǰѰĿǰĸԴ⣬ڸĸҵ˶Աȣǵõ˴󲿷ͬ־׿ϡ
ֹֽ֮齫´ķΧ󵽸ּɲϣصλĸ̽ϸоҶƽͬ־¿͹Խ֤
Ҷƽϵ£ڹɲ𶯡
ڸĸ￪ŵĳɹһֱǴڽҹ̸״̬Ǳ֮󣬴ȫ񶨸ĸ￪ųɹ˼ڴ󲿷ָɲȺУ϶ǲԸ⿪ģȻһЩ̰ôҸеʹҪ˵صԽ׼ΪٵǸʱȥûжԸͬǵ쵼ҲûмԸôɡ
ʮĲʹѵѪܵļ䣬ʵη塣
Ǳе˴̸ʶ̬ȴҲֻԴֶѡ
ҶƽĶĳЩ˵ķ
ĺƲôҲû뵽ҶƽŪ⣬ҲôĶھôһ㣬ûҶƽӰãһˮĸоֱӽ뵽߲µмɲҰ֮ˡ
Ҷƽȥһг尡֪֮ȴֱҡͷ˵ƿʵЩ򵥻ˣȥȥأһʱѬգҲɵĺ⣬˸еʰ
ڵˣҶҴ㽫ҶƽƳǰ̨üͷԳ˵ҹţҶǬ˼ҪҶƽͽȥ
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ҶƽʮѣҲֻСֱûҶǬļ֣ܹձͳʮίԱл㹻ĻȨ
СеʱǹȻƣʸУ϶ƣҶƽܹþ˵֤Լǣп
ãҶƽʱûд򿪾棬ȥڳôһϵ£˴ǵҰҲδؾб´ɭϵ֣վȽŸ
ҶĴҶƽ֣ǲҪһ£ʵ
ΪʲôҪأǻҪһѣȴЦ˵ʮίԱ˵֮⣬𣿡
ҶƽĽ֣ôǰȺлһƥ϶⵽ͬǵһųġ
ʱͲϳ¼Ҷ֣ͱȺ֮ˡ
ǴԶЦͬ



84 潻
ƽ֣ү֮Щ⡣
ҶүӸ̸ʱԵգүӸеƺѾüĿܽó˵
̫ٽͬ־ﲻᷴԣίҲûбʾ顣Ҷүһֱڻ飬ίԱеķ֮϶ͬ鰸
ϳ¼ûͬгͬ־ͷͬ־Ǳ߶ʲôүӶϤйؼǳĵѯʵ
Ȼǽͬ־ңӵطʱж̣ûȫԼţͬ־ͷͬ־ĻԿӰ쵽ִ󲿷ίԱǣͬ־ͷͬ־ͬ飬ҶƽֵͲ󣬿ңҶҵӰҲС
ͬ־Ǳ߶ƽѾۡڳһȥ˵Ҳ󡣡Ҷү˵ϳ¼Ǳ߶ǵ˼ϰ෴һѡ
ҪЦɣүЦ
ҶƽǺܺõģʮɲȻᣬҲûйʵϵҲвӣֻȽϵ͵ѣʮָɲɾķëˣڽҲûм
ױ˴ѹϳ¼ҵ˼ȻˣһҶƽŲס棬ҶҵĵڶӰ˵ֹڴˡ
Ҳʵʴڵģܲ濼ǡү¶ǡ
˫ȫѵ֣Ҷƽδеġ
⣬СѾȫıҶүԼӣʱ¶ɫȻϻο
ŶүһҲСô˵
һ˵ҶλүӶһ˷ܵĸо
޷ǾԴ潻Ҷү˵ͬ־ͨͬ־Ĺƶͬ־볣ͨͬ־Ĺȡйίͽͬ־һݶ񡣡
װүһʱüͷ
ֳίһˣνһܲһӣͬ־볣֮£ô򵥣ֻǺͬ־Ƿͬ־ĸҵĻƽߣ볣ͬ־Ǳ߶ͺ˵ˡ
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˵ףʵҲףΪҶү΢Ц˵
Ѿ⣿үĸȤʵ
С˵һ仰Ҿ÷ǳеҶүӺһڲ裬ȻԵõ˵Ҫ֣Ҫƾ֡
ô˵ֵүüͷʵʵ벻۸ӵ飬Ҫȡͻƣ
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ӳίҶƽ֮󣬶ٸдһ
ӶϴҪ֣Ҫƾ֣
ҶֶΣ֣һ̶ˮֲ仯һίԱǶҪ볣ȻҪѰĻ֣־Ͳˡ
Ψвֳ֣Ϊ˳֮£ĻʮίԱȷʵеˡҶ٩٩̸ǵĿ꣬㵣ίְ񣡡
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Ҫ֪ίԱ17ˣίԱ1ˣίˣ˵һӽίΪ9˵ĻôίԱ϶ҪӦһЩ6ңŷ
ôı䶯϶ĽΪƶҶƽ֣ôȷʵеֱˣѹҶƽеզࡣ
Ҷ˳֮УڴڣȻһ̺ôô壡
ܹ˳֣ͬ־볣Ҳδؾܹ֤ҽίǵְλӵˣǶúܡҶƽһ޷Ե⡣
ȡʤҶЦӽҶƽ˵ͳĪ˹ƺһǿʵôҪţ⡢ţͷͷܲײ˵ȵȣҲǡ׾Ρţ͡ѽ͡Сȵȣǿڸл㲻ҪľŵĲϹң˵ͬζǲٵģǾǺͷţ⡣һҲˣֻץҪһ㣬ֺίְģȥ
ҶƽˣжʱһҶ˵Ҿ֣Ҷְڿʾίһְڱصãͬ־ͷͬ־Ҳʾ޳ɣܹúͬ־ƼԼΪӰ˵Ļ¶ɹĿԣǼߵġ
Ǿƴһ°ɡҶƽ⶯˿ںȻζ



85 ¾Ҫ
Ҷ˲űͬ־½õеҶƽ£Щп˵
ǰʱ򣬷ͬ־ûоҶƽжͣһҶƽͻȻѣƲȻھб֧ԼƷͬ־Ҳ벻Ҷһôһλ󱲡
·֮󣬷ͬ־ȻҶƽӡ󣬵ǲûожôɫϾҶƽҲֻǱҶǬ־չһҶϵͳĴڸУ˳ʾԼֶ֧ѡ
ҶƽԶʣǱƲ߳ȥˣ뵽ʱ϶ûҶƽλˣ˵ȥְѲҶңϱϾÿ
ֻû뵽Ҷƽȥ֮󣬾ȻôĶһϵеȻֻڸ߼ɲдģȴǳشȫض֮ĸĸҵбȽϷԼۡ
ǶĸģʽԼǷµһЩҪ󣬾зǳֱ۵֣Ҳǹһи߼ɲֱӶĸĸ̹
Ƿͬ־ҲúҶƽǷʽĸĿģȴΪ˷ҽڵĸĸҵֿͨĲ֤ͬеĸĸ￪ҵȷԺȽԡ
˵ˣҶƽǼᶨվּ֧ƽڵĸĸ￪ҵһ߶
еһУôܲüƶڸĸ￪ҵķͬ־е־ϲ
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ײǶĿǰĸĸ̡𣿡⻰Ȼ˵ñȽί񣬵˼Ǻġ
ʵϣ䣬ͬ־ڱΪǱ̨ܺҲԶڸĸҵгֵĺܶеǳǣƵ˼
ͬ־ЦЦ˵һɲģǰ˵ĻҲпܷ仯Ҷڸĸɺͷ˼ѣҷԵǿ巽äĿǰδķܹгֵʶ׼һ޳ɸĸġϾĸҪ൱Ҫ˵ķ飬ͬ־£ʮ㣬һǺġ
֮󣬵˵ͷе常׵˼
ѵִִ֧ƽĸ￪ҵˣЩɡ
ף˵пܻ굳ٿ֮ǰóйί뵽һصĴԣ̲סʵ
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ˣдĶ࣬ҲȫȥĻڵֻ֣ᷢôı仯أ
ĵᣬǷӿϵҪһ찡



86 ں촬
Ǻĸۿڴеġšʱг𺳡
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1983ʱ˾ĸʲƷԪ˧ڶ1143.5ػѲ󽢵룬ƻõ˵ʱ˹ŵ֧֡
1985126գ1143.6͡ӡʽںں촬
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ļƻӡűӦΪ1143.5͵2ŽΪʱص豸ѾµķչӦԭƽиĽ
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Ϊ¼ƻʹԤ9¡19907£ӡʽΪ񡱺š
˵ӦѾɷˣϧýڽ꺣ս֮ͼ۱ԭλãʯͳĶó˲ɾҩĵزʽݽߣôںĸǮĶϼͶ룿
ΪЩԭŵĳнߣڿĺں촬ֻȰѴͨнһЩôʹֻĽά촬
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ҶҺĸܸȤڿ˵Ĵ£ϵƽ̨ȥתһȦ
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ȻڸǷڸһŶ⣬ȺڶԹصӻ𵱳ǸǿĺɫͬһӪйȻҲкܶøУϾǡͬ־ֵܡй˵ڷչĲеĳеĴ
Ҫһ㣬й˶Թȴûгй˵ʲôǵͨնйûʲôУʱ򻹾ЩС
ҶдеΧͶʽһ͵촬ȰѼӴؽں촬ĵӸͿˣȵʱˣٽŸŽ졣
ôһĻҶͷ֣ԼǮеˡ
Ȼ˵һתˣڶԪǮǼƻͶ¥׬ǮģƻͻȻ˸ı䣬֪Ǻˡ
Ӻں촬߶ϼǧ˻عҲò˶ǮڵЩˣֻҪӦȫҹܱѧҶԸ߰



87 ɹĵһ
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ʱڵĸɲǣ˲ŵʶǳǳȫûʶһļŶӣܹڵ촬ҵôӰ졣
óĸ𣿡Ҷһ仰ͰҶƽĻ»ȥˡ
йҪĸǲȨ塣ͣ˺ð죬Ҷƽ˵
ҶƲƲ죬˵ʲôʱ֪ˣڻôг
һҪǿ󣬲ֻͨǿܹĿģһʱ򣬾ͱȥ߶ŵĵ·һҵ𣬾ζܱ߹ҵıūۣȻڲиʲôֳذֳˣǾȴ޴ڡ
ʵʱ걸ҲǱҪġ
˵ˣйҪĸ𣿽Ϻ⣬ҪֹһֻĸӲܹ⣬ľͲ˵ˣ˵ĵ߽ӿǸй˳͵鷳ˡ
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ƽôףҶֿܻԵĴڣ㡣
ŷǴַǿʳ㲻ȥ۸ˣ˾ͻ۸㡣
ʵڼǾںĸãʶҲǱȽǳġ
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ڰʮǰСսĻҪһЩ̳ڻ𡣵Զ̵չڵļе𽢡Ѳ󽢺͹ǱͧսʽǹĿľ룬Ѿطɻ·̣һ÷ԱðΣա
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ĸ۾ˣΪ˱ĸҲҪķѴʽӡ
ܶҲΪӦýӵһЩͺĸĺһ֧ӵкܶСͽֻĺҺСսҲԸõԻ֣Ѽ鱨Ҳ㡣
ĳ֣ڰʮ¹ϵ֮ʱּй캽ĸҲй쵼ǰιĺĸ
йĺҲͣ۸Ⱥϲιۣ˱ʾ뿴ʲôԡ
зԱ𶯣ΪǿǿʵϺĸ͸оԼ˴󺣵ˡ˺ĸĹģװ𶯡ղĽ⣬ĸϵʩҲӡ̡
Ȼи߲Ƿ캽ĸȴǣĸ̫ˣй첻𣬾˶еǮĺάúʹ÷ãй˳е
˸ذԼľøˣй˿϶˵ĵһʵǵö೤ü۶С
Ҷ뵽Щ飬ԼҲеʴӣܾЩ˻ûģ촬ҵ൱һζʱڣ϶ܹɵóģԼҪ촬뷨Բûе
ҶҶƽ˵¶ҲΪͬ⣬ֻΪ¶Ա˵Ļ˻ñȽϿţҲϡ
٣ں촬ĳеǳˣǸˡ
Ҷƽ˽⵽ӵľʵ֮󣬴˰죬ǿʵ֮󣬾Ϳʼز£ں촬Ҳͦ˷ܵģǽ¸ڹپҵĺð취
˫ǩ˱ȽʽĺͨйͳļԱ˹ǧˣ
Ϊ˦ôһں촬滹һֲ̫еļ˳Ϊ꣬ҶǺؽˣҪײҪ
һ֮ڣҶƽҶԵطڿĺüҵأǾҶԪ֮£˫̸Ѻõϵ
ҶΪһӳȥϰ𣬲ǻһۣΪٹһζʱ䣬ЩͶ붼ջġ
ܿ͵µףҲõ˻س̵ʱˡ
ʱͻȻ˺ϢͳǷҪӼҶƽһС



88 
ͳӭӣͳͣӴĹһҶ˵֮󣬺Щ졣
ͳǷˣҶ˽òǺܶ࣬ȻҲйһЩ¡֮Ķ棬дֽϵĶжţ滹˵
ǷӼҶƽʱֻһңϾҶƽֻһĸܹõͳĽӼƻΪǷ˽⵽ҶǬĶӣĻ˼δػ
ҶȻҲڱӼԱ֮У楣ųҵҴѰĿġ
ع۲Ƿ֮Ҷͷ˽ǳиȾݸģȴ׵ؾ̸ܹĽ
ֻǺܿϧϴ۹ԣҪĸǶڹҵƿ͵Ŀ̸һϸǷĲá
ֱܶ꣬˵Ƿ򲻸ĸ̴棬쵼ˡ˵Ƿĸҡֻϵļ룬ʵˡ
ʷչ֤ģʽǲɹģҪĸԸں³ʱںͲʱڶУûб;ǵԸܳΪչߡΣϻۣǷ̨ʱ޲ĸĸѾ޼ˡ
Ѿʮꡢڲ3ʱΪ3λǾйˣһλý塢˼άж쵼ˣǷӦ˶ǶµġǼϣܾıҵ״
ǷЩչʮɳһ쵼ˣҲܵƴڵ⣬ܵķչ뿪ĳѱ¿ƼĴ׵˺ߣ֮رìܺ⡢ֻΪסԼȨƶȨǼΡҲǼµġ
ȫ̵ΣǷֻܽиĸ
Ƿг֮·ֻʷʹԾִߣ·ƺõġ
ҶƽȽϵϾǼ˳档
ҶҲһڵģΧһжܸȤӡ
極ͺ𶯣ԼȻǷŶͳȨƵˣͬһ㡣
Ҫ֪ⲻǴӵĻϿĽ۲ʮԶľ룬ҪǸͬѧ˵ȥĻƶû˻š
˿ͷּĸߴˣһԣ۾ϵɨɨȥʾֱڣû׼Ŀ˸ʲôġ
ǷӼҶƽҲ֮ѣñȽۣڵһŶ⣬øĸûмЧ񾭼üתƸĸȴԭҡҡ׹Ƶ˷ֱľء
޿ؾĵ۹һͿʹȫʮΣηܾСָͷͿκһʬ޴桭ֻҪԸ⣬ԳΪˣʲôȨƸλڻ¡Դ۸ʷԼһȱʥˡ
ǣôһˣӵһʱȴʼԼĹ
ⷽǷӦһߣҪԼѡԼȨԼȴ޿κεʧȨҪ˵滰ɣԼȴӱکΪˣҪ֪ʵ״ԼȴΪ˶Լ׳ɵĹضʧȨҪӵԼƲȨԼȴ䵽ı治˼飬Ȼôֹۡ
˽⵽ŮӣȻӵвʿͷΣ⻹ƿһҴͶʼ֮󣬸ǷʾΪ֮ҲӦüǿó׺ϵұʾйƷʳƷҲܸȤ
ҶķԸʾʳƷЩУƷó׿Կǣ̵ƵĻһ֮ھͿֵ֯ԪйƷڡ
ǷԴ˱ʾͣҷԸԵİ칫ΣҪ¡
Ӽ֮Ҷƽ͸̸˸Ƿˡ
ȻȨȴûмԦ˵öԣĽѾǲɱˣҾãǷûֹһ̵뷨ѵȨһûУҶƽЩɵضԶ˵
ҵ뷨ͬˡҶ˼һ²ŻشȻǷпܰ壬ȴսʲôΰˣΰЩıʷʹѵľˣЩıʷѵıǶħ壬һС˵ˣڹ˵ǣΪһʮ֮õ飬ʹһ



89 
ʹһȻܵΪҶƽУĪ˹егһУԼͳǷİ칫εˣΪˣͳҲ˹СƷ
ڵ֪ҶҶƽĶ֮˻һģͣŵķģͣȻˣСN֮İ汾
ֱʱδ깤ǴģϾͿԿóһ깤ǺģǷƵһ
ôⶫҶƽҶڷɻϰŪǾߺĸģͣɵЩѯʵ
ȥתһȦƿ˸֪ˣֻûаҵ¶ѣСͶðˡҶ²
ƴҲǧȻصľǴĿ˸ȻЧתţֻڸǷº£˸ҲյˣЩԵҪǸɣĸܹӵǵĻƲã
ⷽڸǷĴ£ȷʵˡ
Ҷ뵽𼪶Ӣ1945ѡѡ֮𼪶ŵʧܽʹ֡ľһ仰Ҳ˵Ů
Ȼ𼪶ԴѡʧơߺޣϾһʵˣڻ֪ѡٽ֮˵һ䣬ӢˡѧѡǲҪһӢ쵼ؽ԰
˵˹𼪶ֻض˵𼪶Ӯ̣ȴ㡣㿴ң˭Ұң
𼪶ȴΪȻػӦҴ̾Ϊ˱аҵȨ
ǷμңԸרƵ䣬˹˳ֻû쵼ȡþýʤõ˸𼪶ͬĽԼڣΪԼķܶĿ֪꣬ԼʵѾӮˡ
һڵҶʱܳأѹַͬ־ĸĸҵٲά裬ȡ˷˶ľýɹ֮Ȼ⵽˵Ĺͷ񶨣ҪƷΪľƸĸ֮ƸĸʵһͷϵʱῳеȨ
ǺܶԲ̵ܹһ㣬ûԸѾõȨȨѾӰ쵽ҵչԼ档
ҪһӵĻйίĴڣʵȨ۵һӰ
ΣйҲͼΣΪ˷ͬ־һͷ쵼λȻûκְ񣬵ǼϵĹ⻷κˡ
Ҷã;ԼƶҶƽ֣ʵһǳӢľߣǹи֣ƺҪıΣ쵼˶ữҲҪٽλΪͬ־ƽֳί֮С
̾뵽˷ͬ־ĽӰˣ⽮ĹŽͬ־ԼŽͬ־һְֱԴͬ־
ɻ׶ȫ֮˵һ֮ǰж˳ǵ˹ںǿúҺû¶ˡ
򿪲֮Ҷƽһ۾ͿǰӻаԴɵһ¡
аεļֻȻᵽίԱΣѾǺüˣԴĳ֣ϿԴһ׳ͬ־̬ȣӻش󰡡
ȻҶƽҲǸԴʵʵȽвģԴаεݣǾء
ҶƽԴͬ־ҲЦӭҶƽҪһЩʮҵĲ֮࣬ǰҲˡ
ƽͬ־ˣ׳һ㡣ԴҶƽ˵
ˡҶƽػӦ
ϸ˵˲ͬһӪˣҲûйʲôͻϾǰҶƽ棬Ҳڴ͵ĽɫǰкƲţǲҪʲô©
ֻһγȻǱ˸ϳȥģ˭Ҳû뵽ҶƽȻܹ·תһ֮Ĵ̣ʼٸߴʱҲжûˣǧû㵽һ㣬ԭŰӵŵĵطȥȴû뵽ҶƽˣȻһϵеĴ߲㡣
ڹڵľ巴ӦҶƽȻ֪һЩǱϾǱ߶ڵϵܲ㣬ϸ˽⡣
ǴӴʱı֣аԴӻҶƽд󶨣ҶĲԹȻЧˣʱԼѾˡ
˵ĻǷ񻹴ʲôΪĽףƻҪȼҶү֮󣬲ŻӦûǱȽֹ۵ġ



90 СҲԷɴ
ҶƽаԴˣʣµԱҲиȥ
Ҷûоرͨ뿪˳ͨͨ˼ͷֻΧ˺öˣ֪ʲô
ϸһͷ˶Σųĺдšһӭĳĳǡ֮Ĵ֣ԭĳ½ٰݳᣬǸӭˡ
ˮůѼ֪˵ķӦ湻ġҶ״ɵЦ
Ҷеûͷûβ˼ɵúʵ˵ʲôôף
ҵſˣ֤·֮ѾôˡҶش
ÿһдζ֮ǰȵùľҵ˵ӰӺƽýȵȣȦҲɱرˣŵʱۺ̨Ǳ߶ĸʲôģҲ͵ࡣ
ܹĵعݳᣬ˵ķѾʼˣҶƽҶڼصķͬ־ҶүӵҲ˳˳ˮɲϢĵģϵͳںƲС
ʱҶڻţ֤ƲϵͳƿѾˡ
Ҷƽһ֮󣬸˼ĸǣҲ׷ʼѣȺ๥֮£ƲҲֻаһ·ߡ
ȻϵͳսֻһС֣Ҷɣͬ־Ǳ߶Ҳڰת䣬ƲİûôѸ٣Žһµʱ䰡
뵽˳ͬ־Ҷ뵽Ů
ЩʲôءҶҡҡͷ極߶Ůˣȷʵе
楡߶
ȻںŤͷһ˼ԱڶԼ֡
Ұˡ楻˻֣ȻСҶ˵
Ҷһ۾Ϳ죬ʱеЩͷʹͿˣȻܲʶԷֻһ֪
ȻˣһȥܲԼ˵ģԼ֮䣬Ҳµ楸ĳ﹫֮ĹϵЩѰ
ֻ֪λӾҶһС˺üꡣ
ͷϵ楿Ҷеĳ֪ڲԼĸףС˵
Ҷһۣ֮£һ˿ǳǳĲױ˷ֵʧ䡣
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ȻѾ˼ҹŮˣܲͷڹ꣬Ϊ޷һ֣ԲŻᵼЩϰ
Ȼûа취ⷽһƽĴôʵֲܲܲһЩ顣
ãǰ極ҶҶ΢ЦӭȥסЩãȻ֣ǳҽܵ
Щ⧲ظҶ֣ǰߴ˧Ĵкһʱ֮侹ȻûзӦ
ѵ˵һȥ࣬ǸСӴһ
СҰѻùͬ־ߵ˿Ȼɳϣ׼ߵġ
Ȼ֪ŵ沥ݣ󲿷ֶǴ֮ģÿһϢٷ֮ٵضˣҪһʲôϢ
٣ʲôĿͿԿһЩҪʱ򣬸߲쵼˵־Ҳֱӽֱչȫǰ
ϣڲŵʱҶƽһг˳Ϣռ˺üӵʱ䡣
ķǱˣƿͬ־ϻŵĻҡͷ̾Ϣ
˵ƲҲǳϵ֮еһԱɽΪҹֱǸۣһ׼ĳ飬׾޷ʹı䣬Ʋ˼ڱأڷʲ׼ɻһеȰθˣȴ˴ҵĲȻһȽǿƣҶҵķת֮󣬱ľ֧ƶϵͳƿҲؽˡ
ԭͬ־ҪֵģڿǷܹסڵλãǷǳѵˣֻϣҪϴñӴ򵹾ҡ
СӣǸСһŶͬ־Ȼ
ʲôˣ֪үүںʲôϽ˹
ȴڵĻϣһͷպøվҶƽԵҶȻǳ棬һ갡
ͷ΢ƫһ£¶վҶб󷽵楡
ߣӣû˵ûһö
ͬ־ˣʱݸһЦ˵СȻҲԷɴףѵð



91 ̫ҲҪճɶѶ
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һζۺֲҶھоۻĹ̶ӡ
ҶҶҶӷϴ˵˼λȦĺһֺֺǡ
ϴʵǮûۺֵطͣҲҽȥʮ¡Ҷ֮ҶЩΪȻ˵
ʮʲôҶ§ŮӣڵЦҶĻЦ˵չȭţһŤתǰЩʱƣڱ˵Σϳ¼ҲϢˣİȻܣǰܼѻǿԵҪɴ£̫ҲҪճɶѶ
ҶˣûзЦŵ˵ͷʾͬ
ҶȻûд̳Ҳƴɱ˺ü꣬ҲһҵԼֵ۹ȻڹģܴҲֻаʮСǣҶҴٵҰĻǺģѾҪﻮŽֹ˾ɺϱȻˣĹϵȻҪһЩ
һλؾǸǺúþһ̸ۣһ̸ϵһЩ飬϶ҶһЩȦ̫ӡ׼̫ǡ
һúҪ£ǲɵġ
ҶҶģȴҲΪжǴֵܣӱһ˾һˣҶҵļҷȽﱲԼĳЩ棬Ϊ̶֥飬Ͷòɿ
Ҷҵļѵܼ򵥣ǲܸﶷб¾ȥǲŽ汾¡
ҶԼȽС罻ȦȻխ̫Ȧ棬ûʲôͬģ󲿷ֶҪϼ꣬Ȼ治һ
ڼȻҶҪΪҶҵĵģôҶȻҪȦӣύһЩȦкѣԱʱֻ֮衣
Ȼ˵ҶȨ죬λүվһ죬˵ԶһЩλүӼݺ飬ܼλӵܶҲλȨ֮ȴҲܹ֤ӵյƣԹ㷺ؽύѣͨĹϵ磬Ե÷ǳҪˡ
ңؼʱӵ֮ĽҲԽ֮ĹϵǶһͨΪӬͷСͶͷѪ
Ƴϣ
ͬ־塢ֶ껴ЭϯСܲ׳Сӳ⼸λԼŮģһίǷͬĹӷСͬҲˣҪ΢һʮͷˡ
⼸λǾǹȦĶȻһ֣еٶôţҽ̺Ҫ
ҺȾҶʽҶǸˣŪǮݼˬˬϵԳȣҪ;ģλֵܿҪһѰ
Ҷ⻰ˡСͬЦžٱ˵ȻҶ;ԺСȦ쵼ˣû׼ʲôʱ¶ɾҪҶͷˣûзֵܲÿɾذͽ᲻ǰ
˶һ˵ЦյԵ÷ǳǢ
ҶҲ˲٣ȦȻûһ⣬ҲԼеЩ档
Ҷϸ۲һ£ͷֽͬ־ԸеֵģƸ˾һ׳Щϵֶ껴Ƚϳȣɵó˺˵Ǹʲôģʡ쵼ȦӽӴΪܣЭϯССʱڴѧ飬ߵŮҲ֮
ܲ׳Сӳӳи־Ҳ˾װȥ࣬ȻǶʮ꣬ȴѾУζɱȻҶһĪһļѪģ
һĵϸȴɲֻ꣬˵βŹڷżھϢľͲ˵ˡ
Ҷһĥ²ܲӵľ٣ֻϵܳǷԸ⽫ɵȽΣյĵطȥֵȶˣ֮ҶϾЩ򣬵ʮ׳ǷŲġ
ڷСͬҶǾԶ֮о˻ΪƫһЩԵʣĻȽϳأ֮ʱ¶һ˿Ĺߣڶ֮ˣѸġ
ңƺҶ䵱УһζʧˣǽƣСͬҲͽ˸ǽʮűų
򽻵ҪһЩģױסˡ
һӣҲתһȦ
ӵܣ֪˺٣Һ䣬Ÿȥ
ϳ¼һû˺ȥСͬȻ˵һ䡣
仰λ̫ӵûнӲϾҸиĽȦӣȻͬҶҽãδزܹϳ¼ƣСֱͬӼЦϳ¼ҵлһЩΪʡһʹ˼Ҷˡ
ҶˣҲüͷͲ˻⣬빫﷢ƣ



92 ŪŮ
빫ӷƵ·ӿɶúܣȦǳġҶЦ˵
ҶǲССֶѡСͬǺǫ飬ָƼڱϵĽ˿۾ҡͷ
Ҷһʣ֪ԭСͬһǼ꣬ʱׯȻտҵãȴǳ𱬣ǾǸɲѣ϶תƵȥˡ
ҲѹˣϾ˼ǾίǣֻҪ΢ųȥµĸɲǻܲɾذͽ᣿˵ˣֵطֽӴ̫ˣӹȥ֧ʱׯ⡣
Сͬ⵱Ȼʱׯʵ˵ֻССֶѣ뻹ڰԱǵⷽ棬׳̶ȣ򡢼ʮϰȡôá
ȻˣСͬӷǳãյǮǾʱׯϴ˵ģ˭Ҳʲôë쵼ɲŽֹҲΪԭ򣬾Щţ˭ûеҪϴ˵ǮҪ
ϾҶʵ̫ˣܹǱ߶ڶʳĽѡ
ʵϣλǵ⣬Ҳ࣬ԼһЩߵĹȡһôá
һٷͳСʱž˶ȥ
Ƕ֮Ҷ§ŮӶҶ˵϶ҽ˼㣬Ͼ͹ˣҵطЪȥ
ϴε飬Ǽ¡ҶһվҪߡ
ǰһҲڵۺҶ˵˸ŮҶǸʲô˼СûйҶķ䣬Ūһ粨ҶΪƸΪ꣬ػΣ֣ͬʱںгϴ׬һʵĻ¶Ҷһͷ
Ҷһ˼Ҷеסˡ
߰ͣ͹ˡҶҶ˵
ֵ˵֮䣬洫ˡۡĸ߸Ьûڵذϵ
Ҷ٣Ҷ١˺һȻŽˡ
ҶŤͷһǵۺĻϰ壬ϳ¼ҵĶϱ
С㡣Ҷ˸кû뵽ǹһΣ־Сˡ
Ц˵ʳĸƵģһҪܵС
Ȼ˵ۺ²߸λҶһȥƷһΣ
߸ҶҡҡͷݳˣСȥʶһҲã˼ˣֱӹȥǡ
Ҷ٣һҪŶﵹûмһҪҶͬȥȴҶĸ첲ЩƤ˵
Ҷ࣬Ÿ첲Ҳö㿪ϴһɰ㣬ŪҶеԳĸо뵽ŮӵУϳ¼ҵĶϱ˼ɷΪˣҲʲôǷ֮
ֻĸ첲޵زڹĹ͵ǰһĪ״ĵԣŪҶЩӲֻȥƷʲô߸Ʒ
Ҷں泶ɤӺҵ˵ϰ
С㣬ܲӲв˿˲ŰҶקţΧķˣЩɵؿǣҶЩڣǾ˵
ʲôҵĵ棬ףСͷ˼ͦʵںشһ䣬ȻͷӦԼҶе̫ˣɿһЩžȡЦ
ԿηҵǲʲôСһŮӣⷽɲռơҶɣָֻ˵ݵģ
˼͵һľڣȴڵۺĺ档
߶ٿˣرĿˣһǽġ
ｫҶ쵽һҵУȻͷԸϲˡ
Ҷ㿴ˡ˵
֮ҶȾͱһŮϷͼ
ֻǷ׶ĴͼϣһλźɫƤȹӨɰŮɣŮ΢΢ӣ£¶Űݣ΢Ц˫趯кڻɫߵľߡ
߱Ůסߴ磬³һĺӣҪµŮɽĵϣ˸еľ
Ĺһʹ˼ȸеִָ̼е޲ǿҷ
ҶˣҲɵ
أߵĽأǡͻȻһҶı
ҶһŤͷ󿴹ȥӳǵɫ˿ȹ¶ŵһ˫ɫĸ߸Ь̧ͷһվһλŮɣλŮɵƺЩ죬˭
ȻһͷҶԺӹɵЩȵʵѵϵλ˾㣿
Ҷѽܱ㿴Ц˵
λŮɽѩٻˣǰʱȫԴ׺͵ܵȥϲߣȻԵļ۸߲͹ݣײұҧж
һλҽ֮Աҧ˶ҪȱĿԴڴ²ģû߶ԴͻжΣա
Ϊȫܼȥѩٻڲߺ󣬱㼷ҺðΣŴӼ΢ĶҺʼԷؼӴܷĶҺȻ
˵Ҳ֣߶󣬲֪Ƿĳֱ仯Ȼʼ쳣ϸ壬ڶ̶̵İʱһ椣һλͤͤŮ
Ϊܹü˹Ϻӣ˾ǣҪһ߲͹ݡ
Ȼ˵ڵۺĺ濪һ߲͹ݡ
߲͹ݵİ᲻ͬһ䣬ߵװ޼豸ȫִ졢Ӱ豸⣬רϴԡõˮܡˮԧغһЩ󲻵Ʒ
İᣬҲⲢƵġ
ȻʸװˣĿǰûг֣ҶҲײ˴ˣȻһءʽ񡱡
һ֮ͨĴͨ˵䣬üͷҶ˵Ҷ٣ȥڷ˵¶ܿͻ
СԱ㡣Ҷ˵ͷ
뿪֮ѩٻ΢΢ҶһȻͳһֻӣᴵһ¡
󣬾ʹ߽λϺɫ˿۵ĽŮиһںɫ۾ߣЦӯӯصݸѩٻ漴λŮ˳
ͻȻ̣У˵سֵ֡Ľ࣬ǽϵһϺɫĻ
ףҶЩط֣ԭĻ滹һС̨
ѩٻ˫ߣһԾ̨
ֻ̨˫һϵƮȻ£¶ֻסƤװ̻¶ؾֱۣϸ壬ɢ˵ԸСҡţٲ㷢ʱգʱһƮɰ¶ų飬߱÷
ߺһ״̬£ͻȻ洫һ顱һƻԭгޱȵķΧ
ѩٻȻüͺһһ۾̼߱Ȼͷҧסֱۡ
Ҷʱ󾪣һӾ˰˱ҧˣ
ѩٻɫʱЩҰܣŮ˳ɫֵؽ


93 ƹ
߶ѩٻɫúܿ죬ǷңȻЩɫ
ŮȻҲб÷߶µȡ˽ⶾѪ壬עѩٻڣ֮ϵɫһЩֻǶȻûȫ촽ɣҲĺܿ졣
߱ˣ޷Ӧ߶ȥС㣬а취ѩٻ촽˵巢̣Լĸоȴ˱һ㣬ֱӡ
ǿȥС㡣Ҷվ˵
ѩٻ߸ҧҶҲһȻԸͣȥҵ¶Ҳó뿪һҧˣԼҲһЩҪ鷳
ʲôҹŮ裬Ů̢ɥȪ
ҪǱ˱ܹʵʺҲԴϣժˣҶúܣԼʲô߸ʲô裬δؾΪҲʲôͼأϾϳ¼ҵĶϱ
Ҷӷ˳תԱ߶ʮףһľţ˵ĵطҲ룬ֱӻӶȭͷ
ۡҶʮ£ȻûһӦ
ףѵ˲ҶЩ죬ղ˵С˵飬ȥȥͻأԼ趼ˣ־ѩٻҧ¶ô˵Ҳ˶ʮˣʲô黹̸ꣿ
¹һҶҲ˲ʲôǺľţͺݺݵһ˹ȥ
ֵôҲʮ˵ĺľţȻ飬һصľм
Ҫˣ
Ҷ̤صľм˽ȥҲеƶԭཫľŸ߿ˣû뵽һ֮¿ƽʵĴžȻ֧飬ѲƷŪﲻɣ
ܣҶž˽ȥͿ൱㵵һĻ
䲻ܴҲʮƽңź̺װ޼侫£ŮԷİ칫ңһſĺľ칫׶೤һ׶Ƥʵصϰοܸߣеǵıһ
ֻʱ˿̣칫϶һͬĶ
ﱻ˿෴ڿĺľ칫ϣҲýճᣬڲŤ壬ϴŵһɫְҵװʱѾ֧飬¶Ϻɫĳֻ߸ЬҲ˦һֻ֪ߵ
ҶһĻȻ൱𾪡
ءȻճסˣǻܷ΢ĺߺߣҶ֮г˻ȵϣӷŤ
ҶĳֲеϣҲӸˡ
ںľ칫Ա߶ʮͷӣʱԼ·¶˦һ߶Ҳѵһ۵䴦ƤɿţΪҶŶ룬˵Ķͣһ㵵ؿҶ
ѧģѧ䣿Ҷ˶ԷףҲǴһ
ҿ⾿ʲô״
Ҷʱת˺üȦǺϼ黹ּ黹Pǲô˵һ˵ȥɣôҲǳѧĺͳѧɩӣȻˣϵʼղܸı䡣
ϳ¼ӣҸɰ
ҶҲųһΣͼįĸСSMŰƬѰ̼أ¶治˵ˡ
Ȼһв²⣬ܹӰ쵽ҶҶٵٳӣڷ㶵ĳѧĺͳѧֵܣŭһ޲ĶȻɥĲĳ
ʲô£ѧһ߶һ߶
Ҷóѣһշɽž˹ȥѧĿûȥȻ㣬Ҷ˸ţʱҽŵ˵ϡ
ҶһţڳѧĵĶϣûĳӸ߶ϣѧһֻϺһڵϣɷɷ׵ġ
ѧķӦҪһЩǽˣҲ˲ô£תҪܡ
Ҷ˹ȥһѾסͷͷʮȭףҲϲˣĩһţȴߵ˵۵óѧ亹ֱðҽвѣڵϹȥ
ָ⵹ùߵֵһٽѵߵǱװѣҶ̹ȳ˲ι˷ܡ
СӣҲн찡үһƹĳ𣬽ǱˣҶ彫ֵܺݺݵسͷһͨ¶
ѩٻҧˣǱ߶Ҫҩء
һʱϵþˣֳǲʰġ
ܣҶ˹ȥֻڰ칫ϣκᣬɫͨ죬Ϣ֮ҲһЩŤͷһԱ߶ƺһûкĶ
ḻҶ̾жϳϳ¼Ӹҩˣ
ҶȳճŵĽȻȥ˵˿࣬˿úܽý⿪Ա߶˿Ϳаɲֽ϶ǸղűɨϵģǼ˿ϡ
֮󣬴Ӻľ칫Ϸץһ߶ʯͷ̨ڵϵĳѧ˹ȥжǣʱѪ䣬ıضǣֳ˹ȥֻûѵĸ߸ЬڳѧĵС޺޵ز˼š
ѧһҽУֱӵؾһûˡ
﷢йˣϳ¼ҵҲûˡ
СҶһ߶þĶǣ˵ǧҪǵŮˣŮ˷ǿһ޷ֵڹƳѧĵĵ˰ɣҲ۵û˹ȥ
ݺݵһȻһͷҶĻصؿ
ӲPSMҶֹһŶ˵С㣬ѩٻҧˣҩ˵
أʲô۾̧ͷʵ
ѩٻҧˣͿˣҪҩҶ˵
ô˵󾪣æӣȴԼȷ߲·ȥһֻϣỤ̄ұҩûˣ߶ҩڱչ棬ȡ
ãҶ룬ܿʹӱչȡ߶ҩȻȥ˸ڡ
ʱѩٻ־ѾһЩҶϽҩˣȻֽֿ߶Ѫעһ֧ʱѩٻŽȶ
ȥѩٻ͵ҽԺԸŮѩٻȥȻָ˵绰λүҰ칫ңǹˣ͵ҽԺȥ
֮еֲ֧סˣɫҲòо˫֮Ϫˮܣ̲סӣҺ޲ɱǣ
˵֮䣬˰״̬忿ҶУͣĦŤţҪȥ촽ϢҶҲԵ
ؼУϰҶǲҽɽ
ڲ֪ʱһŮ˽Щ㷵ʵҶ𣿡
˼ꣿҶһۣƯ쳣Ůӵ˵ͷ˵ϻȱ˵ȥƹ
˼ˣʱʹסˡ


94 
ʲôϽȥƹҶ
ʱƻ۾涼ǼҶϣȥȻǳܣҶܻɳѧĳѧֵܣ׸ʲôҩ˶ļ
ҶҲֵ֪ҲĽŪĻϳ¼Ȩ죬Ҳס·ΧҲŴ壬ô۸ġ
˼ȴǱҶһٺ¶شӷ˳ȥһ·˳סһûлƹϣ
ӦаɣҲȷȻǿȻҪȥһҵġ
滹ƶأһƯŮͻȻҴҵܹһƹϣ⵽ʲôأѵ˵ǡֿ˿˼꣬ҡҡͷƾ˼òģòŻƹϵģ󣬻Ҫپжٰ
ܵ˺ĳӱ淭˷ҳƹ˼֮󣬾ʹҴҵܡ
Ҷ߶ҲǱȽϷѾһﶪŤŤҪѲȥֹסԼĿơ
Ҷƹˣ˼Ҵҵ˻˵
ҶŤͷһȴ˼ƹϣ滹ðȻǸղűóģֻƹδ̫һЩһ߶лɫС٣ë̺ܶ࣬Ӳġ
ĻƹϣǳĻ϶ޱȣˬҪһõĻҶãëô࣬δؾܵ˰
ҼֻӹҶԸ
ӣ˼һ㶡
סҶһ˼ӣҲ֪ʲôʵİû׼
˼ɫǺ죬Ӧûˡ
Ҷ״뵽ҶԼ֤˼ԲôֵСǣ˼ұصĺܣûⷽľ飬Ǿҡͷˣȥ׿ڴ淭һӦмֻġ
Ҷ⼸楴ûȣʱһⷽ϶׼ġ
ûа˼귭һ飬ֿտյػش
ûаҶһ㶣뵽һ⣬С椶ʲôӶ֪ɣҲ̫Ʒˣ˵װ֣һС
ˡ˼ҵ˶һ
Ҷ˼ҲʮڵŮǣôĴ鰡˼˵Ȱұסһ
˼Щԥ˵ҩǷġ
Ҷɵÿ˼һۣСһǵԼҲìܵúܣȺҶٵѹֵĳֵİףĺܣµҩҪµҩˣõô¶𣬻Ҫһƹϣ
ҪûƹϣҪ˼ڲףҶΪʲôҪƹˣɫʱǵͨ졣
ûҶһ϶Ĵ𸴣Ȼһװ˼Ļƹϸ˽ȥߴȻСǵġ
УҶһ˵Ҳ֪Ƿܵס
һ룬ҩ϶Ҫƽʱ״̬͵öֶ࣬ΣҲ޷й
Ҷ׺õĻƹϵݸ˼꣬ȻһλãӺ潫ﱧסǰ˫м䣬һ֣εؽ˫ȸ¶˹ؼλá
ڿҶ˼˵
˼һŶѾʪһƬǳɫڿ㣬Ĵ׻ƹϣЩ֪롣
ĲװòѧİɣҶЩͷ˵
˼ɫһ죬ȻҶ˵ص㣬ʵϹڵѧⷽռҲǺܼʱģǶŮǣⷽҪ֪ĶһЩֻ˼û뵽ԼȻҪһˣûƹԸһŮˡ
Ҷ֮£¶ģ׻ƹѾĳֵ֮Ҷ;ӽӲȵĽżⶼرֱˣһҪƲס
˼ֲϵضҶʧʱţؽ״̬ʱʹĿд
ŪаСʱ˶ͷ֮ĺڷһ߿ĳӳϵĺ쳱Ҳʼʡ
ǳɹˡҶſĨһѺ
Ѫˡ˼ɫ׵ضҶ˵
˼Ĵ׻ƹϣԼĵѪҶҲ¶˾ȣ˵ӦðˣѵеĵۣԼû¶ȥ޲һ²ɣûǸҪ
ǿңйĳŮˣȻЩָص
ҶһѾѹˣֻϵɫƺЩŭЩգһ˵ѩ׵ҧס´ҧѪˡ
ûУ˼Ҷͬ˵˼Ǹ׻ƹϡ
￴Ǹ۷ܵĻƹϣߵ̱۾ĵ˵Ҳܣ۸ңǾǹ
òеԩˡҶЦ˵
ʵϣȻﱻҩǻѵģǰǰô¶ֻ岻ԼĿƶѣҲôһСζʱ棬Ƕ˶ݵĿհڡ
ҶϿ͵ʱѵĸоˣ˵Ҳ֣ӦŭģǶҶƫƫʲôŭҲףһε飬β㵽ҶͷϣҶԼ⣬Ҳ˵ͺҶҶƫƫŪһƹӦ£һһС¶Կ
߰ɡҧ촽˵
С㣬ԩͷծ¶СֻǰҵķԸæˡҶ˵
ͷʾͬ
˼һ࣬ıظǿĻǿǶ˵ˡɵôŸмĿ⣬Ҷһۡ
Ҷ˼뿪֮ｫ·ãһӣ;һָоȻ˵ƹϵĳߴûд׶ëʵе̫ӽˣ
һδµŮӣԾ˿ͷȻʱȷʵҲоǳˬǵһڵĺ󾢶ȴʵЩԲ⼸жˡ
ڵۺֲ棬ö٣ҧгݵֹһӣʹ绰ԼһȥɢֹѪͿ֮һЩҲܹƽ
ڷ˼ЩʹȴҲô޷ˡ
ӣǺôĹƽ뵽˳ѧĺͳѧ쵰ɵû
飬ѩٻҧˣҶԼҪⶾҩպײӵĶ£ԼԵˣ֪εֺ
Ǻùˣҧгݵ˵


95 С¶һ
Ҷӵۺ֮˼һֱ㷵ظ
ϵ飬ʵе˼˵ȥ˶ţ˼ûԼȻͻ
Ȼ˵ҲΪ֣ǷʽȷʵеԽܡ
˵ʵģΪҶԸģ˼Ҳ˵ġ
Ҷǰţüͷ΢ƺʲô飬˼ں棬ûзһ
Ϊֹ˾ˣ˼껹ǱȽ˵ģΪϰҶȻȽϻ쵰ϲǱŮǣǴǿȵֶΣһ㶼վӶ࣬ԸŮȻ϶࣬ȴҲûֳʲô
ϾȦŮӣһҪǿ͵ö࣬ȻȦӣѾĳЩȻҲųֽԺõģǸĻΪ˳ƳɱܹϰǱ򣬱ҲԼʵһչ֡
ҶݣҶҲúҶٵĵܵܣҶҲ˼˵ֻҪҶźˣʲô鶼õģҲصĻᱻ˾ȥӦĴҵȻҲõҶٵȫ֧֡
ֻ˼ȻûñҶǱ׼һξͲַܳŸӵ飬楣˼ΣͬʱҶĵһŮˣȻϳ˵ۺϱȽѾ൱ѵá
˼ȻûдͶҶĻֻǱŲܲӦһµĴ㣬ȼƣ飬§§ҲˣҲǿԽܣҪĻ˼ȻܴӦ
ֻ˵ҲˣȻ飬Ҳû˼ٶԼʲô˰ɣ˼꿴Ҷĺ󱳣Ҳš
ȻԼײһǽϣ˼һˤ
·ôôСģҶͷһ˼ؿֱüͷȻײòᡣ
֪ͻȻͣ˼ؿײۣදԲɵЩ
Ҷ˿˼꣬ʱлúõضһҶ˺üεŮӡ
˼òƫڽģüëģң͸¶һŮĻйֲĹ¶ӣӦֻûбŮ
˵ҲǣҶǻ֣ҶŮӣȻʲôл֮ģҲֵãԲŻˣĻԼղˡ
һԭ򣬾˼ŮӽףһˣǸҲϲߣҶмҵˣѩļҲһ㣬үӿصϱõġ
ԭҶҲѣûпǹ飬˼͵ģ֮ΨֲǲܸҶΪҶСȴϼ޻ӦӦûģҪһ㣬Ҷûн飬ɹ˿ذ
ڻֹ˾ʲôģҶԴת˺üͷȻʵ
˼һ㶣ȻŻشˣҪչݳҶ˵ԺҲпս緢չ
ŶҲӰӽ緢չ˰Ҷˣ˵ͷû뵽ҶĹ˾ҵ񣬷չ֮졣
ļ䵱УƺҶĹ˾չûô죬ΪԼǰΪ˼ĵģҶϵѹûˣ󲮶ɰڹ˾¶һЩʹûֹ˾õ˿ٷչ
ЧӦӰ컹ǱȽϴġ
ʲôҶʵ
зһЩǰϸ衣˼ش
ûҶһ£ƺûʲôӡ󣬹˼ҲСǣԼҲȫȻûһӡġ
˼ˣʱΪ֮ᣬԼ׸ôҲЩڸص̨ǾŵģҶȻһû˵ӣ˸еߡ
ҲܸϰĵܵܽϾһȻ͵͵غ߳ĻС
Ҷ˼֮󣬺ȻеӡˣЩȵʵԭ
Ŷ̨ϣһֱǰġ˼Ҷ¶˾ȵɫǰһӣЩֵػش
дҲɣҲǲǿ⡣Ҷ˵ͷ
˼ˣʱƣԼһ̳˰ĳɼѾǷǳѵã˭֪Ҷ棬Ȼֻһǿ⣿˼Ÿ죬ֻǲҷѣ֪Ҷ᲻Լ
ҶÿҲ֪СѾͷĲֻȻԼţھͺһӳлоֻйµӰ
ҶģǺŮ֮һȻֺһסһ꡷׸ķ˿˿ĸоʺ˼ɤ
ҶˣŮڵĹ˾øҶĹ˾Ǿ֣һҲӦõģȰ˼˵ɤʲŮ֮£ҾԼĹ۲죬ҲȽϴֵ࣬Լص
׸趼ûȻ˼֮󣬾üͷȥ˰죬Ҳû뵽׸κϢ
¸裬㵱ȻûˣҳȥҶ˵д㳪ģȻ֪ôҶ˼˵
ģ˼ˣŽɣȷʵͬҶԣ׸ķǳʺݳַҲʺϵµз磬õסµĵӣû׼ܽϽнһȥ
ôһ˼;Ҷʱøߴࡣ
һֶԣܹõƷҪԣӹԣھʮĳڣֻȽѷʱһ׺øܹɾһϱĸ֡
ȻġҶڿڴ淭˷ȴûҵʲôԼ¼ֽš
ʱ˼ȻԼִ淭һСִֽӻױһ֧üʣݸҶд棬һ°ɣ
Ҷ˶ʱһЦ˼Խͦģǰ;
ǵ˵ĶҶҲܿͽд˳ȻǼףҲûʲô⣬ɲʲô©ʲôС覴ãҶǱ߶ȻҲרҵԱ޲
ҶֽϣǩԼĴȻݸ˼꣬ˣҵǩҶ֪ôˡ
ллҶ˼ĻϲллҲʵġ
һ˸ֶԣõƷʵ̫ҪģʵھʮڣҲǳţƵģǱ򼸸Ů治ʲô¶˺Ͳ˵ˣֶǣƷضҲֵǮˡ
˼ʱסھƵ棬һιҲǲμһнİ佱˳㱻Ҷ˹Ҷ
Ҷó˼ͻ˾Ƶ꣬С̤ʵࡣ
˼˼ȷʵ࣬ߵʱСҶμİ佱ʽҲ֧ӦҶٽĲ£Ϊڷ֣ʵҶһˣΣʱҲûг֮ΣˣӦûǲġ
ҶҲµ˼ì˼ֻЦӦ롣


96 ô
ǣҽԺػ618š
治ʱǺЩֵҹСʿǣ·ʱ໥澿ʲôˣôڵ
㣬ⲡʲôͷȻסʡɲػһСʿԱ߶Ļʿѯʵ
ʵĲҪҴǲ̴Ļʿһ۵
Сʿͷ˵ʲô
ҽԺĲϸȼֵģˣסĿԼ΢Сذ֣ذһ굱Ҳδؾм
ܹ֮ܶסȥģһЩǲĴǵֱϵ
ۿʱ䵽ʮӣʿС߽˲
ʵסλˣҲеЩ棬ûеǼֻдţǲҪ֪ǵĵϸǽѾкüλи߲ˣлн
Ȼ⼸λǴ˱װǻʿھҽԺʱ乻ãƽʱ۶Ҳܶ࣬ԶЩ쵼ϵúģλнеһλܲı鱨½²һλ齨õĿٷӦӵĳ½ƽ˾λȨصĴ
ɵúܣλнճ£ݻʿ²⣬ǿܶǾϳ¼ҵĵϵ󽫡
ôλﲻԼͬع̽λĲˣԵЩͬѰˡ
ΨһĿԣλˣھܴϳ¼ҵλӡ
ʿ߽ʱ򣬾ͼ˶ȴţڲ棬Ա߶ŵƿӣиּ豸ߣһǶǼ豸Ļϲˢǵݡ
ӵľǣȫŵܡ
Ҳ򵥣һˣһǹˣЩƤСˡ
ʱλнʱ򣬲֪˵Щʲô֮ȥʱ򣬶ɱڵģһģ
ʿţԴ׵ʱ򣬱˸ʹŹˣҲܶЩֱ֣ǶӾֶ
ѧĺͳѧֵڲϣɫƻҰܣȻǴڻ֮С
Ȼǰݵһӣڵ̫ˣҽԺ涼ܹõǵĲҽΪ˲ŵ׳ҽʦǳǵظǵĵҩУһ򾲼
ԣֳֵػ˯ȥٿôҵĶ徲һЩ
˵֮ʲôΣҾֻ취ˡ
ʿ˿ݣƿ˿˴ȴȻֹۣܲѾ׵ĸӲˣǲ˵ܣǱܱǡ
ڵ״ԣⱲˣȻñҪһ۷Ļ漣֣пܰ쵽
ڻʿĴҽУûм˳Ĳˣָܹܵģһ仰˵ϳ¼Ҫ̫ˡ
ʿղָ̣֮ǻҩתҪȥʱ򣬺Ȼһſվһˡ
˿ȥҲͲʮӣٲȻһɹȻ
ֻһī˿
˿϶λ٣ʿֹţҪԼְȥ˵ػ벻Ҫⴳ롣
šֵǣ˲ûж˵ʲôֻǽĿֵ⳯ܵķֿһۣת뿪ˡ
ǺֵˣʿеЩ㵣оղŵλˣӦòߴ˷䣬ܹػˣǾġ
ΪҽԺػεĶͷĴＫʩȻǳϸ񣬻׼»ܽ˵ȷŽԻʿҲλ˵Ρ
뿪˲֮һУѯʵô
С˴ӵۺ̧ģУСĵػش
ˣɫ¶һ˿֮ɫҡҡͷһ·ڵۺôᷢ飿
ͣһ֮ʵΣѵû˵
Сʲôû˵Уٻش
һʾԼѾ֪£˳ȥ
ǳѧĺͳѧֵܵĸףβθεĳ½н
ʱ򣬽ͬ־ͽƽͬ־ѾλүˡУԱ߶ֲһ䡣
½ºͳ½ƽǳ½ֵܣҲϳ¼ҵĺֵͬǹٰнΣھеӰȽϴϳ¼ھеΪס
ʵǰʱϳ¼ھеֻ˵һѣǳ½µֵܶǳ͵˲ţӾ˱ȽϺõĻгͳλеӦȻнΣҪų쵼ְ񣬴ǿϳ¼ھʵ
ҲΪϳ¼Ҳ˸Ҷһϸµ˼ֻǰһεĽ֮Уϳ¼һֵܺڲ˻֮ҶҸ£ǸоҶھеʵȻϳ¼֮ϣͣࡣ
ֻϧϳ¼ҵĵʵǺˣԭиϴѧʤȽ㣬ҲߵĴӾ·ӣھòŶʮѾĳҰսֲӻ쵽ӪϧǺһԽУΪ鱨ʧѧʤΪڻѣûܻ
ÿÿ뵽飬½н;ûţֱ̾Ūˣӳѧĺͳѧ䣬ֱһĴڣôܹ˵
ۺ˵·ʱһҶҲڳУ˵һ
Ҷˣ½ˣʱüͷ
Ȼ˵ھ棬Ҷ˶ȥˣʸۺҶˣӦûǺײ鵽ģڵۺֲѾĳ˻ԱƣҪ˽ԷҲܷ㡣
Ǿȥһ˵ĵϸʸ½һ¾˵
ǡУӦһ
ʵҲûô鷳ֱͿˣǴһε½оĻأϱȻ˽ֵ˹ȴûиԼϳ¼ҵκͨҲûҽԺտʲôģܲϳ
½зǳɻɣһε飬ܸЩϵ
ԼĶӣȴʼմڻ˯״̬ԼҲѯǵʱ飬һҲֻдˡ
½߳ҽԺʱҹɫŨϵķɫȻЩżһЩɳǵûڣǱⲻ˱ιķɳҲЩ
سһҪеƸ³
ǲ˳ϳ¼̳Уʧʧˮ׼ǽִȡйίķǴµ棬ҲζųʱҪ׷ȥˣϳ¼ҵĴ൱ء
ίĴȨѳҶУϳ¼ʧȥҪһԱά֣ôֵҪٽһĿԣСˡ
һСУ˹׳СӽҶҶҵˡ
Ҷô½ˣüͷʱ


97 ϳ¼ҵ򣿣
˲֪Ҷ˭½֪ĺ
Ҷҵĵ֮УҶȻϴ󣬵Ѿ˴·ӣһȦȥչ˻ֹ˾Ѿ˲СĻҵҪͷĿԲͶСʱģҲ;
ΩҶҶƽĶҶһȻͱȽСȴǹƶˣº·ǰαԼӸ֮󣬸Ǳ䱾һǾŪüɹƫƫҶûа취
ˣ½һѵһγѧĺͳѧ˵飬ǳҶ֣֮
ҲӦðԼҶϱôܰҶԸСӣ½ҡҡͷЩҪ졣
ȻʱڳҶô½ЩΪˣҶҿɲôöԸģԼͲܰҶץʾ
Ǳ߶ֲԴ˵ȻҲһЩΣ½ҲûƢֻǵֵܵתһЩȻʾˡ
½洵һӣ¶˾ģõܲ鱨½²˸绰ֹسﻮϰ죬뿪ҽԺ
Ҷ鵹Ƿǳʣ͸һ۹ģﻨ㣬Ҳûɳ֣һжǳá
ڸҶү̸һȥš
ϴ۹ձɽĸʧܣòҵ٣ɢɳһƬҶܽᣬǵҶүһЦȻҲܵҶĸȾЩֹۡ
ϸѯҶһЩ֮ҶүҲ̾ǻǸʥģμӿգս֪Լһص㹤ҵĿĽ裬һ̶ȵİص㹤ҵĿĽϣҵĸĶ࣬ʱרȷʵǾľڰǣʱգܶĿԵĶడ
Ҷ˵ͷһζʷǺʱүү˵ҲһЩʵʶ˽⡣
ҶҲӿ˵ʶ̬ļֵǷһ£ܹ˵⣬͹ĲͬȻչϵѣͬһϣҪͬʱȻǲܵģҪΪ˸ۡ
Ҷүص˵ͷӹȻЩ۹⣬ͷҲѣĳЩӣֻ֪ƣȫȻûԼĿ
ΣҶүӵҲǱȽϸӡ
Ľ壬ôڱĺôǺܶģپѹСֽܶ࣬˵ĸ˹͹ʱûʲôԱвҿԳľ;ڱĵطǵطýҲãִװҲãάִǱ߶Ҫܶ࣬Ǻõһ档
ͬʱһ壬ôȫӰᱩǣΪ϶һ޶ĳԭ֮ƽĹ͹ӭһζΪѵʱ⣬Ҫȫ䱸ˣȻܷŹκδѹ͹Ļᡣ
Ͼһ壬͹ɾͳӪеϴˡ
˵Ҳã˵ʶ̬Ҳգ˶͹ƽǲ򣬵СֶνĲ氵ģĲģΪ˶Ը͹伫
ǶԸҲӡ
һЩһǱȽͬġҶүӺȻҶ˵
ҶĽ飬ȫͬҶƽ
Ҷƽһε¼УǷĸĸҵ֮ͬĸҵΪʲôȡȫͬĳɹҪǼ۷棬Ϊйĸĸ￪ҵΪƽĸ￪ҵ춨ۻ
Ҷƽ̵棬ټϷͬ־ȸƶͳһͬ־»ص׶ˡ
Ҷ뷨ǴһչģĻ˵ǽĸŲһε¼нȵǣܹתƵľԴͼԴԼԴֶܵͨΣ뵽
ҶƻҪĴ촬أеһǳҪɲ֡
ȻˣҶļƻУ˺ܶݣ˵ͨʴ͸£վ߼죬ò־ܼ߼װԭ͵ȵȡ
һ壬ɵµĹƶδӽΪܵһǧѷĺûᣬܹõĻǾٺòˡҶү˵һθ˱óʵһܺõĻᣬǵľ鲿ſΧص㣬һЩԱ㵽ʱ¡
ҶүӶԴҲ൱ģȽϽԹĻڿ϶Ǵ棬ʱ˱¶˫߹ϵӰ컹ǺܻģΪ͸ΪβΪЧӦûһЩ
ֻǣ鲿һϳ¼ռƣǶǺ˳ᵽ˾鲿ţҶүӾЩüͷ
ҶھӰȻ޴󣬿ǱϾܵģĳЩڵӰҲޣϾһҶ֣ҲںܶССĸŸɣԼһЩңƵķչ
ǿӦҸڣھ鲿һδϴСҶҲüͷ˵ҶүӶеЩԾԼӾȻôҶүӶҶ뷨ҲЩͣξ֮ȾҪнֹľҪ£δʲôȡʤˣ
˵Ҫھд󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳô׵ġҶүӻûпҶ飬ϾѶ̫󣬲һ飬ϴμ֮󣬳ͬ־ͳͬ־ӡ󶼲ʱȥԽѾͷ棬һ¸ҲǺõġ
ҶЦһ£˵ϴε飬Ѿͷʲôģûм˼Ů治ʹģǴޣʲô˼
Ҳе棬ɶкøв֣ϾദǢ̸ǳͬ־үӶҿǺۣôֶкӡ󣿡
ҶүԣʱЦͬ־úܵģôܵһСӣ˼Ұڰɫ̽һ̽ĸζѡãıֲǿ⣬ͬ־ǵͷ˵ġѾͷΪԸͬ־ҲԸǿ¶ҪදԽܱܲ˹飬Ϳıˡ
˵գҶүְȻؼһ䣬Ȼ֮Уܹϳҵмϳ¼򣿣ֻҪ㲻ǰ¶̫׶µĳɹʻǺܸߵġ
Ҷͷȴûжô⡣
ȻھкܳҪһŵԣϳҺҶһϷҡϳ¼ңЩ֮ǴĿԵģȻ⼸С֮ҲĿԣĶ󶼲ǼҪԱһЩϵ֧ϵȵȡ
ѾͷҪһʵȷʵҲô׵ģɹѡĿռ̫СԼǺܲˣֻʵҪСһࡣ
Ȼˣϳ¼ҵӣȷʵǱȽϺʵģǣҶүԣӣأ


98 ǣ
ҶҶ´Ҽҧ㣡
ڰ칫棬һϰٶõ廨ĻһƬһƬ˺Ȼӵһֻ档
ʢ˾ƾõ廨ȥ֮󣬺ܿͳ׶ˡ
Ҳһϰߣϲõ廨Լ㾫
Ϊۺֲϰ壬ƯŮϰ壬ʵÿ춼ܹյٵõ廨ЩδҲһ⣬ϰ߾ǽЩõ廨Ļ˺þƾ
Ȼôδؾܹϳ˵㾫ǱϾõĻѧʣòô
ǰҹ飬еﷳꡣ
ƫƫ¶ûӸȥ˵жôŤˡ
ܣ½Сü߽˵
ˣʱüԸԺϳ¼ҵˣһɸҵ棡
⡭СüˣʱЩ㵣ⲻʰɣ
ʲʣ˵㡣һ
ǡСüɫһӦһ
Сü߳ȥ󣬶ԵУ˵ûʱ䣬Ͳˡ
г½Ҫ飬Ҫ̸Уüͷ˵
Ϊ½飬ϳ¼ҵĹϵҲȽϽ򽻵٣ôȻƢ˵Ͳأ벻Ĺؼ
ǳѧĺͳѧ飬ҪΪֵܵ˷ʱѾͽңһȺרҵĻóĽ˵˰ɡ
Ϊԭ򣬳½ⲻϳ¼Ҿ𣿣
Գ½Ҳ˲ѯﵱʱʲô飬Ϊʲôֵܻᱻ⸱״ôˣǱɣ
Сüԥһ£Ȼ˵ٰһɡ
߽ȥվǰܣߣһҪ˵½Щ顣
ҵĻ㵱Է粻ǣؿһۣۺᣬճ£Գȥˣȥµнˮ
⡭Сü˵û뵽ȻݻԼҲ˳֮ꡣ
ȥȵ
Сüʧǵ˳ȥҲ̹һ뵽ϳ¼ҵӣͲһ
Ȼϲ㶥ţʷȴǳࡢ󽫾֮ĳܶ࣬壬һ֧ҲҵϵڣȻߡ
ϳ¼ҵĳѧʤ֮ĻȻǼһЩʱ˲ûԲѧʤˣϳ¼ѾûһϵάϵͿԼ
ֻ֪Լָ֮Ϣȥֻ֮ᱻܶӲӬǸϣϳ¼ϱĻӣøӰȻһЩ
˭֪ѧĺͳѧӣȻԣɩŹˣ¶ΪջҶǡ˾֣ﻹ߷ɱ
ƫƫСüʶɫʱҪΪϳ¼ҵ˵ﲻŹ֡
룬з꣬ͳ˰칫ңϳȥˡ
СüԱ֮ϢҲ˳ڵۺЩӣľûйҲпͰɣô飬ðҸˣ
ôܴӦ𣿡Уʵ
˵Ժ󲻻ټϳ¼ҵκˣңΪ˰˵ҲܿˡСüЦŻشԺҪô죬ڶ֪ˡ
ôУԽõЩˣֻܳ½У׷飬ǾץСüʵĹ˵ϳ¼Ұһһ仰飿ֻҪ֪Ͼʲô飿
У½ϵΪҲܲӴϳ¼ҵˣˣҪȥ½ûа취
ôһС¶㲻쵼ƾʲôΪܹʤ鹤
ãҲûģСüȻΪ±ǰԼһæŴõҹ྿Σ
ȻУСüЩĶˡ
ϣСҶٳԷСüȻƹϵ飬ҲѧĺͳѧҪSM飬֪¶ҶѲ˸ϵϳ¼ҵӣӦþǱҶˡ
УСü֮ž׶ˡ
ڳѧĺͳѧӣҲ˽úˣʲôһǶ˲ͼҶײƣͷսϧǳѧĺͳѧսǿҶĶ֡
ѵ˵ͲסѾӼįҶ㵽һˣУҲЩ죬վǺܴ
ǲô˵ڵһüĿԻȥ½ˡ
ţУ鵹Ҳĳ½׷ף¶һ¾Ϳˣ½Ҫٸʵ׶Եûˮƽ
ȻУȥ»㱨½֮󣬳½þû
ӳѧĺͳѧ䣬½Ҳͷ۵úܣĲ䲻ͣѧҵǳϳ¼ҵĽƣѧ޷ҵָʲôأ
Ϊ̫½ҰǷŵ棬ȻǺܶŶΪӵѡһ·
ǽȥǲǸԼ𣿣
½뷨ǽӸԼңŵ׳棬ҲõĻǣϳ¼ҵǱΣСġ
û뵽ӾȻͼSMɩɩ
ӣӣ½һˤ˼豭Ϣ޷ƽ
½һеĺ£ǳӳѧʤ̫磬ԸǿҪƾԼһҵҲ˲һڣϳ¼ĽӰ˶Ҳˣ뵽һλһĵĵλҡҡ׹½һļϻ
ѵҪϳ¼𣿣½һ̼˾֮ġ
Уĵ˽Գ½˵׳ղɳȥҵ˻رСȥ֮ȥҶ
ԥƺǻʲôû˵
л˵£˵𣿣½üëһ
˵СҶĹϵƺܲУ˵
ô˵ҲǴ˽ȻĵΪ½ͬˣǾΣҲر׼ʱܹͼӴף½ŭ𣬽ҶֵĻִˡ
һϳ¼ҺҶΪʱȫ濪սôԭʲô྿ΣôҪ
ĻСҲͲóеʲôˡ
Ȼ½⻰֮ŭɫҲû˵ʲôֻϤ½ƢУ׶ˣ׳Ǵŭ˰
ٳŵʱУͼ׳ϵĺɫ绰˵ܻҽܲı鱨½²


99 Σ޷Ǿ潻
ҶʵոմӸҶƽǱ߶õϢ˵Ǻͬ־Ӧ档
Ȼˣͬ־רŽӼҶĻ˳ȥҲ̫Ϸˡ
õίǣȥһСëӣСëӸ˲һܵõͬ־ͬ־һͣҲǲʵġ
Ͼͬ־ϣֱĴҪĹ֮ɳ
ԣһεĻ棬ҪҶƽΪҶͬ
ǲô˵ҶҲʽҲ֮ˣֵøһס
һλͬ־ҪΪзΧڽһҴʹ顣
Ϊ˾ظ㶨£̸ͬпذ죬Ͼʱ䲻ˣڿںǱ߶ļԱǣܿҪˣ߶û׼׵ʱ˼ҹ֮һô¶ǻᱧԹġ
һҶҵƶͬ־ֵѾҪɹʶôҶƽȥȻҲҪģȻҶϣϰҶƽȥӺͬ־İ࣬ȴҲҪõͬС
Ҷƽܹõͬ־ƼȻͻӣɹҲߺܶ࣬ڸ̸߲֮УҪ̫νˡ
ͬ־˵ҪһҶƽӵﳤȻԼҲҪи׶֪ʲôʱӦ˵ʲô
סҶ˵ͷʵԺͬ־˽⣬˺עʵЧֻҪ˵ȷԱ﷽ʽ΢е覴ãûʲôӰ졣ȻˣҲȽעһЩġ
׾ͺáҶƽһվǶҶеġ
ҲҶƽˮƽ̫֣ͣԼԽеŷתļˣ²һ񣬵Ǻ·º˽⵽˼·Ͳ̺󣬾ͻ̲סһ̾ԭҶҲܹô
ֻΪףȻЩģһټͬ־ʱҶȻͰѲסŶͻȻ˵ʲôŵĻбҪǰһ
Уϳ¼ҵһ󡣡Ҷƽ˼ţҶ˵
Ȼ֮ǰ뷨ƶҶƽҶҵļȶԣҲȡ˷ͬ־ͬ־һ׳ͬ־ĬȻкܶ๤Ҫȥ˵߲λЩҪǰͳһ
ܶҶƽвأȻһҶҲԸϳ¼ңֻǰ췴Ϣϳ¼ҶҶƽֵķ첻ٲѻҶҵλүӸеЩɡ
ҶݺأȻҪҶƽӺͬ־İ࣬ΪеίǣеѶˣϳ¼ҾٺõƢҲ鷢϶һսʤΣϡ
޷Ǿ潻ҶԴ˵ǿú͸һӣƵرʾϳ¼ҵ˼̳УǵĵڶǰһҲǹʲôӰ죬ǵĵڶҪǼھڲöԸúܡ
Ҷ˼ȻǺˣһθ߲Ĳ֮УҪǼҶҺϳ¼֮չҪԼ֣ȻҪЭС
һҶгί̾ͽìܱûһЩȻˣôһһܹս𣬸ȡ衣
һʶҶүӶҶͣΪӹȻд츳
гί֮󣬽߲ľøӸԿƣҶүҲǱлɵģҶΪйίȡĻͿԴʵϼгίܵĳ⣬һһǱȽϻģֵĹЧʡ
ͬ־ͳͬ־Ҷү̸ʱҲʾͬͬ־ȷʾһЩ긻ǿͬ־ؼ쵼λڹҽ裬ŲɹĴٽãӦøڴκͬ־Ƿⷢȡ
ͬ־ȻԴҲͬģͬʱҲΪͬ־ܲãѡ˵ʱһҪ֮Ҫֺǵġ
ͬ־˼˽⡭һᵽ¶Ҷ̲סЦھܸⷽ˺ܶ˼ǵѧԺɵ̨ýɽɫƽݱ䣬ԱȽϣؼ쵼֮УϰҪֵĻͬ־һȻϴҳһͨϣ϶֧ġ
뵽飬ҶƽҲɵЦ
ͬ־ƢܺõģҲǼ㣬ǲŵĻòᣬǵҲӦõġҶƽЦ˵˽£˵ͬ־Ǹ˲ţֵص
⻰ֹһ˶ô˵ˡҶЦ
λүҲҶô˵ʱҶƽҲ˵ϳҶԼ׼ŮǱȽģֱڻûʲôĶؼ⣬ƻϳҵŮǸϣ˵ؼ¶ɶӰ
ҶڳȻûʲô뷨ҲûмȻ̸ʲôȢ˼Ҳ֪һ㣬Ŀǰ׶ΣҶҶҶƽλǷǳؼġ
λС㣬ҲǲõģǲܻȡģҲ񣬸ˣͶ˵ĻҶĥţŸô֣¡
磡һҿȹȿȵĳ棬ͻȻ׵ش˸硣
ЩԼıӣ˵˭߶أ
С㣬Ƿ岻ʣһӣЩеʺ仯ͻȻʱһҪעţ׸ð
û¶ֻǱӷѡҡҡͷȴֵĸо
Щһ˼رУǶ仯Ǻڵһʱڷ
ͱ˵ӣȻЦú⣬̸ֹҲܴ󷽣ԼҲΪһЩ飬ǳȻܹԵزõЦ֮£ŵǶԼòͼĴ֮ġ
ڵˣһôôʵأЩεذҡͷ˵Ժ黹ٲһЩΪԼʵȥӦЩٵЦݡ
֮˽֮İĽ棬ȻܣȴҲӣǰˣԼŮѣҪԳŵ⣬ͼλ֮ŮĺøУʵе֪ˡ
Ȼޱ飬ȴѾϴһĺ档
һĵĻʱͻȻһʲôر˽
ͷһʱ򣬾ͷҶһŮӣھԼԶһԣ
΢üͷڱн˼£ٴһҶǸŮӾЩʲô
ܣԼҳʲô飿ҶڸǸŮ˵
ˣһŮӵݣۺֲĻϰ壬ϳ¼ҵϱιѸ
ô㵽һأг˺棬һĸо


100 Դˣ
ĵ˵ҶڿȹݲûʲôӰ뷨
֮ԳҪΪԼ˵Ҫ
ҶҲһЩͷ֪ӦζλԼ֮Ĺϵ˵ҶкøУӦò٣ҲͻȻҶȥʲô߸磬Ҫ֪Ǹ߸ݻûжӪҵһ˿϶
ֻ̫УϣѧĺͳѧֵܱòΣﱻҩҪȵʱҶҲԲٵ󣬶˼
ӣȻҶǽϳ¼ӵо˳Ӧ˵ĴˣҲֹϳ¼һײҾݣԳಲ󣬰ĻǸʣɾȫһˡ
Ҫ飬ºηӦȵ˵ȥϳ¼ҿ϶ҶңΪѧĺͳѧһδײҾ磬ͻҶԼϳ¼ҵϱˡ
Ҷ϶ǲģΪһ˼ܵˣҶϳ¼κĻᡣ
ƯŮ˵ǣҶٵľ磬һкܶͶͱαȥԼеǳͷʹ鷳
ͷСͷûнԼ뱻״̬
ûץκεİѱϳ¼ҾǶ̫࣬Ҳûа취ȻָҶңΪûκεɣһع⣬ȵµľϳ¼ҵӡ
ûʮɣҶҿɲɱǵĶ
û¶ͲԼɫӵؿ˿ҶԼСĴкЩƵ˵淳Ҹ˳Ⱦơ
ȾƣҶʱЩȻ磬ʱȾƵģ˵ˣС㣬ҲǾưɣǿȹݡ
˭涨ȹݲܺȾˣﲻΪȻ˵˵žʹԼĻȡһֻʵСƺ
š˸֮һŨľƮ˳
þƣҶŵһ˿Ϣ̾жϳʮϵĳʷĻôŨľ㡣
ƺһڣȻ󽫾ƺݵҶǰԿ
ðɣҶӹʾƺȴԳ
Ͼ˽ƷҸոմȡŨľ֮⣬һֵĵŮ㣬˳Ҷǲôˬؽӹͺȡ
ʾƺƿϣƺӡŵɫĴӡ
ʲôãƾСȥ֮Ͼ
ϾƾȻǺ󾢶ԽǺûʲôоԽ
ǼӽǰҶһȾƵ̬С˵
һۣһ֣ҲƵĽʾƺ˻ȥ
ȾͱȡȻô˵Ǵһֻձӣ˴ԼһƽȥȻƸҶⶫܶȣ£ٺһǿԵġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦӹ˱ӣһСڣȻǸޱȣζʮ㡣
ֻҶҲеͷﾭôСһڶѱѿˮȥԼȻñӺȵģȴҲ޷Ŀˮ
ߣ潫еȱһӣˡۡ
ŪӼ״һ֪Сﲻˬˣ
С㣬ǿȵζϿζȥˡӽѯʵ
ˣҪȥˣվȻߡ
·Ҷʱ򣬳ӹҶײһ¡
Ҷڸ˵Ȼûע⵽˾ȻԴףҲûϵҴС㣬ȻҲҿȹȿȣһ
˵Ҷ˵ãΪһѡĿȹݡ
ôһײҶע⵽иŮվ࣬Ʋ⣬üͷȻײòᡣ
ǸС˵𣿡Ҷ˼ұԼӸײˣ˾Ϳһ¡
˭֪滹û˵ںǸӾͲȻɫôӣӵס˹˶ײˣǸ̵Ǹ
ҶһۣЩü
¶ֲʲô¶˵ΣƺҲûԼʲô¶úõûа˭¶ŮԼײģôҪ¶ô˵ǶԷûеġ
ʲôٿ㣡ӼҶûзӦܲѺõؿԼһۣʱŭˣλСǸȻӣ
˭أҶʱˡ
ľЩڳģ¶û¶Ҫ˼ҵļ˷߶ļˣСȻǵҶͷϣҶ̾Ͳˡ
ҶվȻӸСͷҶֱȽϽ׳ģȺܶٳԿ˵ʲôˡ
ӵƣʱ˺üɣеɫ
˵ģֻ˵ҴСݣ׳ˣΪͷǱèվҲֻسû׼ܹóСķء
СӾ¶ˣûע⵽ɫѾЩÿ
ҶǺεĴڣϳҲֻǰǵƽ۽ĴţӣӲǸһҵϵԼ¶ˣ
Ҷվһץסӵ֮󣬷ڵȻƽ⡰Ӵʹһƺܸղŵײˡ
һʹڻϽͣ޷ˣ˲Լ컹ҶץţȭͷҶı˹
Ҷǰһƣȭͷ̾տˣȻǰһӶʱʧȥƽ⣬ҶϣֳֵĲ̣Դѹס
ˣˣʲôԱ߶Ȼ˵
ͻʱһֱûЦеֵ˼ʱͻȻ廰ȴҶ֣ղײԼӵƯŮӣѾˡ
Ҷôһ˵ҲûȤپȥһɣſӡ
ͻȻȻһֻȺҶϮ
㻹ûˣҶʱŭһţӸ˳ȥ
ŭδҶ˵ˣû׼ҵʲôݡ
ҼôݣҶһ£֪Ϊʲôô˵
˵ϳҵѾͷһ£ʵ
ô֪ҶЩ졣
ûд𻰣ʵѵǰûмѾͷ
ûҶͷشȻЩֵͻȻʲô
㲻ʶղŵŮӣгЦ⣬Ҷʵ
ҶеЦ⣬ȻһַǳõԤУѵ˵ǣɣҵôô⣿
ǳѾͷ̲סЦһɨգȻ㲻ʶǿӣԴˣ


101 Ѳ㻹ˣ
С㣬ȻʶôҲһ£ҶЦ˵ӣǰ׵ˡ
ҶΪͷ¶ɣû뵽ȻѾͷһ
ֻΪԼȿȣҲûʲôҶҪҲƶԷǵĽɣǽƫƫѾͷ˳ײָѴ¶Ͳ˵ˡ
ҶһԱ߶ܿȻ˵󾭹ʱ϶ײһƬһͷţǿԳͨģѾͷֲǷţôܾôײԼ棿
ĪǣǹģҶԴȻ뵽ԡ
֮ǰҶԸܵѾͷİȫ˶ˣܶȻˣӽѾͷ϶͵͵ؿԼ֮һֱδ϶滹ûö⡣
ب֮ϰӦһ⣬һƾǰҶôٸҪһЩ
ѾͷһײڽȨ˹ȥ
ԣϣȷʵǿɹ˿ˡ
мˣмˣû뵽ѾͷȻĻҶͨһ㣬ɵЩյŶ
ҶһЦԼΪ԰ľ˫ֶתıȡֵλãԼϰıȡίһְƫƫΪԳѾͷĺӣƣ˰ޱȡ
ԴҶûôֻԼƱˣбƵľ
ҶһŶһҧгݣģǳЦ̲סЦСƺСһڡ
С㣬㲻˼ǰǿӣҶЩõ˵
¶㿴ˣԼ治ʹ죬Ҫһʹ죬Ҷ˳ѾͷȻ÷ǳ֡
ֻʹˣҶһ鷳
費ףҸֲ죬Ҳ죬ΪʲôҪǵļأʱƵ˵
ҶǳطȻ죬Ϊʲôƫƫҳƾƣ
˭ҵĵһΣֱ׳ػش
⡭Ҷʱҭסˣתŭ˵ɣʱԼֲǲ֪㵽ͷǻƹϣ˵ˣô֪ǲǵһţ
ҾǵһΣҪܣŭҷ˵㵱ʱڳûбң㻹ûҵ䣡ֹ࣡
Чһ𣿿϶ǲһġ
ֻһĻżȻͣȥģ˵ǹﵱʱκģȴû뵽׵úܣȻǵúҶڵʱʲôС඼ֱú
Ҷʱˣû뵽ʲô˵ǵù͸
Ϊ飬ϳ¼ҼìܣпܵϰҶƽ֮·ͬʱΪȿȣ˳ѾͷӰʱȻȴпʹҶҸϳҵĹϵת䡣
˸ϳ̸ˣʹˡ
뵽ҶɵЩͷʹҷҸǵۺǲ·ÿһιȥ¶ǰһ¶еΣˣҸСİֲ԰
ҵĤŪƵģ˵˵㶼ӲΡߵ
ҶʵҲ㵽ͷϰ֪Һαȥ鷳ƹأԼϲ͵ˣ
ңһҪôˣϳ¼ҿ׷¶ҲҪû꣡Ҷ˶ڲ٣Ҳģ
ҶΪ֮һϣȴҲûзʲô
Ķݽ֮УҶܹܵõȻƽʱЦȻܺ˵ӣĳЩʵǱȽϱصģ˵Ļϳ¼ҵϱҲδؾܹصסį
ϧǣҶƫƫΪƹϵ飬һ¶˵ĹϵЩӡ
˵ǰֻǰһȽϺСܵԴϲ˵˵ô֮ƺѾǱʶУҶΨһˡ
ƯŮʵʲô¶ֻҶԼûռҪΪƹϵ︺Ҳе̫˵ȥˣôҲóͷǣ
ϧ۾治ɳӣȻûص飬ǵúδе̫ƽˣҲŪҶе²̨
ʶѾͷʶ𣿡ҶȻһֵ⡣
˵أݸһЦǾôĵط
ҶԴ˵ˣѾͷ϶ǹġ
ɺ޵Ҳװɵ㶣⿴ԼЦ¶ղ
Ȼˣܵðҽһ°ɣҶô߶ͻƿڣЧҪһЩֱȥҳѾͷĻֱӾͱ
¶ֵģϵʱϰҶƽ˵ҪһȥҳѾͷӴӴأڵãȫҹˡ
ƾʲôҸûǷݶ飬ƾûƹңҶһ۵
ܲܲҪƹǲҶ飬Ӧǰ
ܡǳϵرʾǰ²֮ʦһͳ
ǸƹôˣȻﲻǰ£ôҶҲһ
ˡƹͷǳӣҲ˵һʲô״̬еңеŭһʧ䡣
ϧˡҶ˵
ʲôϧˣѲ㻹ˣӵ
Ҷͷһ񺮣̾뵽ѪܵĻƹϣ˲ϻҪȥģƤЦ˵ǰ㲻˵Լһ˵ǶҪѼЩô˵ˣǻƹϱԪһ̾۰ٱ˵ĻҲǴ֮ﰡ
ߣҿˣ˼ҶȻǸӣȴеǸСħˣ͸оӶЩشץһֽҵҶϡ
ҶЦţһѽӹֽ˳ַŵֽ档
˵ҶȻǹС˵ӥɡ롶߳ӡ˹кֹϣǣŵĬȤͣУʴȲ֮ģÿˡԴԵĹ
۲Ҷһӣк֮⣬ȷʵֹϣǣŵĬȤԸҲֻͣʲôˡʰδؼãĶֱ֣
ôҲ޷ȷȻһԼȴа˻ƹϣһԼĶˣгòǡ
гһӣŷֿԻؼҡ
Ҷʱ䣬ӦȥҶƽǱ߶ˣ绹Ҫͬ־棬̸һ촬ص飬Ǵ¶󲻵õģο¶ǣҶƽĹȥ


102 
ҶǿģʱŲһֱûл
Ȼ˵ҶڵңûʲôóǿģκھǵĺУҲǱȽϵ͵ûʲôϲռ㳵ŮȺãڳӣԭþУŮ˵ԭȱġ
һҲϵŮǣҪǼһһ󹬵ĻǵöӵҪҲǲԣҲҪЩסģ˼ǨģˮҲ˽ǲǸԼñӴ
ŮҶ϶ϲģϲֻ˵˵ѣڳˡ
ֻҶҲ֪ԼУŮǼ䲻ǵģŮˣҪ˵𣬿϶˵ģļã磬ѵõŮζʮ㣬ȴֽƻ˰õøˣϷĺһ
Ůˣƫƫϳ¼ҵϱһعѵġ
Ҫϳ¼һ÷˷һر
Ҷķ¶ǰѹ˾гίȥҶҲֻҲϣҶͷһѵġ
³ĵ۶ѾܹһЩɫȻżҲɳɵķɳǰٻţ¶ŨŨ
Ҷӿȥ֮ŻǺһ·ߣҶƽϣȻȥͬ־
ǰһζ·ʩ·涼ڿˣϽеһխխͨ˻ÿгʱ򣬾һƬƳ
Ҷȴţ۶⼸ľǽٶȻԶԶϲŵٶȣӡУʮ䣬ֽʹûмϹ
Ҷĳӿ˹ȥֻǰһǳǳˮӣȻÿгʱ򣬾ͻὦһƬˮ
Ҷʱ򣬿Ա߶ˣɲٽ⽫ˮ·˵ϡ
˭֪һɲȥ֮󣬳پȻûзκθı䣡
ҶЩ⣬һŲȵףȻûзκεĸı䣡
ɲͬûκεķӦ
⣿ôᷢ飿ҶһȴѾˮӳ˹ȥˮ·Ūһһ
᲻Ὺ·Ǳָ֮࣬ƿڴ
ҶȴѾûʱЩˣʱѾʶӳ˹ϣ˵ɲʧĻԼ̵ʱ棬취Ӹǿͣ
лֶģʽҪ÷׵λƶٶȽȻûЧƺѾ޷ͣµʱ١
ҶǿԼ侲뵽ղžĵطһܴɳѣܹԼ٣һתһȦӣ˳ԭ·˻
ȻǸʻ֮УȻǾһƬˮӣˮŪʪȫļ·ˣæʰϵ۹ȴҶĳɱһǹ
ܳ𣿣˷׷׶ܣ˵½·Ū࣬ΪѾˣǵııʱܳײǳٶе̫ˣ
ҶʱһƬˮ
˷׷ƿڴʱ򣬾;㵵طܳŸ߸ߵɳײȥһͷɳ棬תĳ֣ɳĿռ䶼һƬ谵
вٹʩͻȻһĻЩ
Ȼ˳Ҳӣ˿˹ҶĳѾ˻ɳ֮У¿ʼɳӣĳӸȳ
ҶӳʱȻЩδ
ҲΪʲôᷢ飬һƬˮӣҲ뵽Ҫ٣ǵǰĳܼٷļʻǳߣû¶ôײһƬ˵ĿҲǳߡ
ֵطǳĻҶҵӣҲѷɵƲãõܹӹɣҪ;ҲȫȻûпˡ
úõĳô飿Ҷг֮ļ¶֮⣬ӵɻ
ʱݵİȫܻ൱ģҶҲῪôãĳһֱǳϸµı˸ޣôҲܳ
췢飬ȷʵҶ޷ܣĵ¶ЩΣ
úõĳӣĿԼͣΪأ
Ҷӿڳϣһع̣ȼ
һ£ҶǴӲ̵ģϻ߳ܲЩͻȻ˵ȴ£ȻԽ
ͣ˼֮ҶǴӾδлָæ˵Ḷ́Ȼ¹ʶӴ˵绰ָ˸绰˵˽顣
ȻɡԺһ˹ȥһ£ǷΪԭɲʧ顣ڵ绰зԸ
岢Ϊ¶жôأҲпżأܳȻܺãҲܹȫųָʱԹϡ
һУҪȵרҼ֮󣬲ܹóۡ
ҲΪҶ壬ϾǸѣûʲôĽôҪ¶أһĸӳ̶ȣʵҪֱɱ־ɱ鷳ˡ
ҶİţҲÿԼˡ
ߵΧ۵Щˮʪ··˸ǰÿ˸ŴΪ⳥ֱʾԼΪɲʧ飬Բһкźơ
Ҽ̬ȳϿңڲ³򣬱Ҳû˵ʲô
Ҷ㶨߶飬뿪ɳѣʼߣ߹ζ·֮󣬴һ⳵Ȼؼϴ軻·
ղŵһȻûҶˣȴŪһͷһɳӣ˱÷ǳǱȻǲȥͬ־ġ
ֻһ·ϣȻûг⳵·֪߶·󲿷ֳˣﾭĶһЩ·Ϥĳ
ҶŻǺӣһ·ǰȥ
ڲ죬ȻЩζȴܵġ
ҶŻĻǺˮˮʵǹģϺѿײʲôӣǵˮУҲ֪Ƿܹ̳
˵ѾصĹ㽫ǺӺúһȡˮ峺ˮУǲûǺӱӡ
ȻˣҪʵĿ꣬ҪѺܴһʿ֧ˡ
Ҷߵм䣬һڣڴ绰жʧˣСӷɲʧ飬ɳѽ˼ͣɳѣǱ˰Ȼ
ôˣʵ
ߣҪһ⳵ɡ˲²
·Ͽǲô򳵵ġЦһҪˡһɼ·ϵͷ˵ˣ
ǣˣӶʱһȴЩ죬û뵽Ȼѧģ´˺֣š
ȻھִȽ϶һЩڹΪȴĺٺ١
ҶˣҲɵֹѣ˾ʲô飬ǵŭԹҪ˱ɱ֮أ


103 ־ɱ
ҶŻǺӣǰš
ʵܲǺӱ߶Ĳݵϣ֪СƻʵȻҲɢһɹɵĵ㣬Ǻдζڸס
ӱ߶ֲһЩʱҲŻɫķɫĶˣҶȻ־ǲйȥҲʲô¶
ǽ쳵ӳ˹ϣһ㵼ĻҶһЩ
飬ʵеˡ
ȾҪͬ־ö촬ص飬ҪΪϰҶƽǰ;ǣ˽߶Ҫ楳ЭãʽԴȥ⣬Լ촬ظѡȵȣͶʵ¥еһʽҲӦûˡ
֮⣬ϵ鷳¶Ҳ٣ͱ˵鴦ãһŶʱը֪ʲôʱͻǵϳ¼ҵӷ䣬¶
оǸ߿飬Сͬѧ˪ܾöûмˣ˰ɣ
˵Ϊͷ۵ģϳѾͷ飬嶼ϣɹǳѾͷıҶǣѾͷɲöԸ˳ܵĴҹ㣬ǼԼϲŪֶεĹѾͷ
Ҫ£ȻҶҲгֵܹ쵽һ㣬ȴҪĺܶʱ侫ģһҶΪȱġ
ףеһУ벻Ǯ
ȥŪǮŪǮأп϶ǲеģҲûʲôõĻᣬҶĿȻҪⲿҪˣҪˣԵ߸ֲˣЩ׬ǮĴûᰡ
߸ֲҶ뵽ʱ۾ɵΪ֮һ
˵ϻʲôȷǮ⣬ǾǷˣֻҪһ˵ķҾ֪жôǮ
ܲƽֲսСģͻûͣЪڹ͹ܱߣҲżʡ
ȻܶҶθڣȻ֮뵽һˣܹ£Լ£ô϶ͻһѸƵ·
ֻڣδ壬Ӧûֲӷ۰ɣ
Ҷ뵽飬ʱеǳܣǱҵһڹȨеģȻûн壬ƿѾ൱⣬߲ĸأֻҪǮǱܸͧ㵽˵ʲôͨˡ
˻ûн֮ǰ׬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʵϣҶļ䵱Уĺܴǰĸ֮У֮һҵˣʱڴ¹߸صĹı֪
ҶԽԽ˷ܣһӦȥһ˶˸һƷȥ֮⣬ȥǸˣԼĴˣʼ£ʴվ߲㣬ļҵ׶ᡣ
뵽ɵȻͣ˽Ųƶ绰˳׼楲һ绰һЩƷɹˣ
ڴʱͻȻһ죬ҶǰһԶĵطǺӲʯͷϵһֻͷͣͻȻػ˷飡
ʯм׷ɣһЩҶϣļۣ
Ҷһ㶣Ťͷʱ򣬾ͿŲһ׵ĵطһɫճ۹Ͷĳһ֧ںڵǹһ
ѻǹҶ̾ϳöĵ״ʧɫ
ȴˣûˣǰͿһպôڱǹλλϡ
ۡһҶһžѻӵһɻγڴһ˰̡
Ҷһ˵뷨ȴĻӵܹ̾ã
ģСôôƻճľѻ֣ʱȴƿڴ
ôҲû뵽ҶȻ֮ͨҷӦһҲȻαܿĴҵʷϣҲǾ޽еġ
ٷϻ㶨˵˿ܼʱ˾ǲܱ¶Լ
ѻ̲˵ˣǹƶͷҶ׼ٴηһ
һΣʮİգһҪҶһǹͷ
˵֮䣬ճҶͲʮԶľˣ룬ǹҲܹҶ̵ѻǹеɱţĸо
ȥɣѻЦſ۶˰
ǹڻһƵĴ׵תų˳ȥ
üճȻһ£ӵҶͷƤ˹ȥȵĿһ˲ϢĿֲо
ҶҲͣڿշ𣬴ӻǺӵϷ˹ȥ
ܳСôô˵һ𣿣ѻִһ£ƿڴ
˾ȴǱȻڽľɱΪ
־ɱһ꣬˷ӵûдĿֱ꣬ǶԾѻƺŵ裡
Ȼˣһ£ҲԹѻ֣Ϊǰһӣ¾ѻֵӵˡ
ֻ˵Ҷ̫ˣ޿ɱܵһȻл⣡
׷һҪ֣˾ϣӿ˽ǰԱ߶ϹһӣŲϣͳ˳ȥ
ѻһȴһո³ʹͳ쳣뺷ǹһ˻ŰбµĺӰȥ
ʶһᾪȵطֵ֣ǹеǴɳĮ֮ӥֵѳصǹȷʵһܹתġ
ѻԾǰɳĮ֮ӥȴûţ濪һʮӵѾ˳ȥ
ɳĮ֮ӥǿӰ쵽ѻֵ䣬֮ͣ
ֻǴʱҶѾԾ˹ˮ֮Уټ
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˾ʱȴͣס˽Ųһѻ֣˺˹ǰķ˵ը
˶˵ӷͳһööʽףźȥʮûðӾӹˣʱһŴӺ洫˹һˮҴһЩըŶںƯš
Ӱô죿ѻֿ˹ȥûзκƯŵĴ壬ɵý
ôܣǱˮͧҲըˣ˾ͬеɣôСһ棬ôܲصסˣ
ѵըˣѻֻɵ
ܣ˾Ȼ񶨵
ҲҾΪǷ֣ڴԶʻȻǳ򿪹ģ
Ͻ˻æճ棬˳Ӿߡ
ľѾһףһӴ˹ȻǷ쳣
ܳѻֱӾͽѻǹȡ˳һǹ˹ȥȴǴæ£ֻǴ˺ķϣһƬƬ𻨶
ľҲûпֻǹ¶˳˷ŭĻ࣡
ճĶﱻˣ̥Ҳһֻʱʧȥƽ⣬һͷײڻǺӱ߶ϣ


104 嶯ħ
ܳӲˣѻִʧɫ
˴˶Ǿеֻǹ̶ܼȣ֪ԷĻжôǿճ٣׷ֶͣ࣬ʤ㡣
˾ǱȽϳȣԾѻ˵ֻһе׶ӳȥһ壬ֻҪǵ˴ϣ˽϶࣬ǲ㿪ǹģ
ѻˣŤͷһ۲ʮ׵ĵ·˵һܹ̾ȥʮӲ飬ֻⲻʮӵʱ䣬ľиֶԣȴһߵΣʱ̡
ܲʮ֮ڳ죬ȫԼˡ
ƴˣҲ·һѻּûκεԥͬˡ
˾Ӻ棬ϳһĶףжʮ⻹Ļ˦־ӳȥһ
Ũ̶ʱͽճס˳ƴӳ˳ĸŵ˳ȥ׷ǵľǰըʱ͵ס˶Էȥ·
̥ǷģûбըճӳĻһϰǹŵɨ䣬˵ܾ·ˡ
һپ˵סˣۣ
ȻһγΪҶٳ飬Ҫɲʧԭ򣬵߶ǹͶף϶Ӳܡ
ֻû뵽ԷĻҲͣȻˣȴǸ֣Ļ˦֮󣬾Ҫ·Ǳӳȥ
ӵľٵϣӳʿֱӾ͸ͻǹڳϼ
ճϵղĻܳͱУѻĿ࣬Ŀϴ󣬱˺أȻ͵ڵأ˾ΪȴãеҲʧȥж
һˣܿΧ˹ȥ˸ס
ܲξ鲿ġһ˵֤˶ʱסˣû뵽ҾȻͬһţϸȴʶλ
ȥ˵ٵϣһֵ
ֿǹףѾһ°ˣǳֵĻܲξ鲿Աھôģûжˡ
뵽ҶٵĳͻȻɲʧ飬Щ£ټ˵ĳ֣ԼԼǿֶΣپ¶һдıġ
ΪҶҵĵϵܲξ鲿˭ĵ̶ϳ¼ܲξ鲿Ϊܲξ鲿ĸٽΣȻҲԼһǸ鲿Ĳ½ȣʵǲһЩϾְ
ĳ֣̾ͱ϶ΪҶٵһɱôܰǸߣֱΪھ鲿Ӱһûᣡ
һȭȲ˵˾ΣȻԸ˽ܲξ鲿̧еһӣֱӾˡ
ʣµһϵʼҶٵĳӣȻɳǱ߶ҵĳӣֳֻûзҶٵټӵѼӵھѻǹģںϵۼҲԿóͶ˲ֹһף˸еء
Ϊոմ绰˵Ҷֻźʧˣ
˵涼ģҶĳʲôĻҶһһʲô̬ȣǻὫǶüȮɣ
õ˻㱨֮ɫԵ÷ǳء
Ҷĳ¶ĻǿˣΪҶҵĽ죬ЧҵΨҶҵļѣС˳¶Ҳе˳صѹ
ȥңһҪϸϸңԸȥ֮ʵʲô·
Ӧǳ²˽˰ף鲿Ĺ棬Ҳ鲻ǵľϡСĻ㱨
½£ߣһӣ˵֪ȷʵָʹϳ¼ҵˣҲһȡͷ
ûȴţ϶û˵󻰣ҶѾ鲿һҵõУָʹϳ¼ҿúܽռְƣһֱûʲôĶֻڰֲ˽ѣһαҶץס˰ѱпܽ˻ƹܲξ鲿ⲿţõС
鲿ѶȻһԼַҲӢ˵ã嶯ԼľȨ鵽˵ĵϸ֮˾ʧȥ˼ȥľġ
Ͼڼ˵ȫܵв£ϼҲʲôѡ
˺ܿͽ˷׷ɱҶ飬֮˼أΪֱڣ»ûеõҶκϢ
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Դ˲ҵ̻㱨˶үӡ
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Ҷ䲻ҶҵĴ̫ˣѾȷΪҶҵҶҶҵеϣʱѾֳǳ˵ǻۣǾʹ䣬Ҷ⵽Ĵ쳣صġ
ŭϳ¼ҾȻ˹򣬶Ժ´˶֣ѾǳԽζĵˣƾһ飬ҶҹȻѣϳ¼ԱȻճò˳Ȩ
ֻǣүĵģҶ䡣
ôǺãүڷȥȴҽ¸֪ҶүӣΨܲôصĴ
׳ҾҶټ࣬һûġ˵⻰ʱ򣬹ԼҲôš
ֳµ˶㱨˻ץסҲˡ
ʱʮӵ˽ʮףôܼĹ̶ȣ˵ǵ̺ʽըˣССĺ֮£ѵܹ֤ҶȻ
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Ȼ⻰ǾԲܹԶү˵ģȻǿȴҲʮˣ־ϵĳش
ϻûСϢĻүһҧݺݵ˵ϳ¼ҵнһҲѿϵ
ȻδؾܹΪϳ¼ҵ˵ǳ½½ºͳ½мҲھȥˡ
˾ĵĶүӣҶҵ߳ȥ׷˵ֱΣǳ½¾ɱҶһ飬ȥ̷ְ
ͬʱ½ֵˣҲӵϢ
鷳ˡ½һƨϣû˵ȴԳ½µİʹ
ûɽûҴԲѵؽڲûмҶʬ壬Ǳ¶µݣҶҸץһţ¶ôأ
½гǲǸý¸ͳλˣ
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뵽ֿµĺ½°ûڲѣ嶯ħ


105 ¶
ڰ칫ͬһһڻš
ΪǴǣгί֮һĵλѾ˶壬쵼ɲữ⵼Ҫ嶥ĿѾûˡ
˵ڵĽͬ־ΣǺһĽӰˣҲѾڶѡص֮УЩһ죬ٸһ߰죬Ҫ쵼г˳Ϊ쵼ɲ·
ý۵Ѿʼ仯
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һΪֺƽĸ￪ҵƸĸпܱⶫŷڵδ͹븻ǿС
ζʧǵϳ¼ҵĻȨС˺ܶ࣬ĳ䵹û̫ܵĳԼҲҲٸɰ죬͸ȥˣĸɲһӰ֡
ڵҪŬֲϳ¼ҵĶϵ֧ϵϸߵ쵼λΪϳ¼ҵĶɽ̵湤
̸ĵʱϵĵ绰ͻȻһƲ־Ȼߵص绰ɵЩ棬λͻȻҪԼͨ
ιǳ䡣˼ӣʵ
䣡ãܺãߣͲдһǳϤ
ŵ绰ͱˣŪóһͷˮ֪ʲô飿
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ǸһЩִٵȻЩʲôЦЦûʲôҶ˾ǻƢ²ˣϰ˾ͺá
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һ;úܲζҶǬǿƣҲӦŵ绰ôɣ̫۸ˣ
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ŵȻ֪ʲôص㡣
ãֶӳ½µϣӦûʲôëҶһγ֣Ȼʧˡ
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ҶɱĽҶҲƻץˡ
ǵ˵ץѾ˽¡½ֱһǳ˵ǵϢ
ôϢ֮󣬷侲Ȧص㣬Ҷˣ
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ȫͲһϵĶ֣нȥһëӽϾ
ѧĺѧ䱻ҶˣҽԺ棬һʱŭû뵽½ԥһ£ڻ˵顣
ʲôʱ飬ô֪üͷʵ
췢ˡ½û˵Ӷ̫ˣش̼ġ
ֶԲߣ׼ν½¸Ūʱ򣬵绰֮ɫ԰һƨ
ס½Ͻס
ˣôӣһˣҲȲĶͷȴ˲òһ£ֻ۷ֱ˫Ŀ
ף½ʧɫĵѲ˱仯


106 㹫ɵģ
½ļʶһ̫ǳԡ
ҶλүӵǻۣҶϳ¼˾ɱҲͨ;ֻعôֱӾȥѳ½¸ץˣ
һξί߳½£ȴԭ
ʲôԭ򣿡½Щŵ׳ʵ
̨ͨҾ鱨شԵ൱䡣
Ҷܹó˵¶Ͳû֤ݵģֻ½ʲôʱʼи̨𺦹Ĵ£
Ϊܲξ鲿ĸˣյľ鱨൱жҪģ߼쵼˶ʮ鱨ԺУϳ¼ôһϵƿؾ鲿ʵףֻǲ֪½Ϊʲô˴һҶҸץסʹţ
С½ˣһ
˵Ҷץ˵Ľڣǳ½ָʹ¾ɱҶĻ׶ԸһЩô˵Ϊһܰѳ½ôҲǳ½Զֱץסܻɽٵᡣ
ҶˣҲûʲô˵ģҶҲֻĿһϣ㹻潻Ҳܹ½¸סֻǺܴ
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ͬ־ǵԪϣ¸أƽʱϳ¼ҵĹϵҵ໥Ӧʱ򣬱˵ڸͬ־ڼ䣬ϳ¼ҵҲԳͬ־ṩ˺ܴܹóͬ־棬ѹһѹĻҲǺõġ
Բ󣡡̾ҡͷˣ½Ŀ⣬ҲԵЩϲ
ϳȻͬ־Ҳûԭͬ־ʵϳͬ־ñȽһЩҵӵҲԸմ̰֣˵ʲôͨˡ
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ңϳͬҶأǾҶͳͬ־Ů棬ϳ¼ҺȻҶɱˣϳһô룿ⲻǳĲ̨˼ƾʲôҪΪ˵
½Щ֮Ҳû뵽ΪɱҶʧһ£Ȼ˴ķ粨
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ٰ꣬ȥǿȶһ񣬾ȥһһӦ飿
д󲿷ԪǶн飬˵飬ЧҪԼһЩϾЩǾڲ񣬻ûб¶ȥǴشҲǾУôЩԪǵԵñȽҪˡ
״æ뿪½һƬãȻ֪Ϊʲôϳ¼ҵ˵ô˳Ҳ֪һ籩ǸëҶûУ
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˭ɱ㣿Ҷ״Ǽװģ׷ʵ
㹫ɵģҶһۣȻͺػ˹ȥ


107 
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ｿʧɫ˲ҶϵḯζȴһӦҲûУʱʧȥƽ
̽ҶıϢֻֻҶһЩѪ˿˲ᣬĻҲܾεȥ
ʵеԾģҶڻ赹֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰
㹫ɵģ
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һ㣬ﲻҪԽҲܹ뵽
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һҶԣǳ½Ҫɱô͵ҽԺĻ͵뻢ˣֱֲӽҶͻҶȥĻԼ֮ĹϵǱøӸӶ˵ˣԼҪҶҵĻĿ⣿
Ͼϳ¼ҵϱ
ˣ̧ؼ˵һҧҲ˲Ҷϵۻ࣬һ·ţ˺ôǽҶŪĳ档
ӿ˰Сʱңڵĵļ档
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ҶǶͨͨӵͰ档
Ҷȫ¸ϴһ֮ע⵽ҶȻû̫˿ڣȴһַ·˾ײγɵĴˣһһģղѪΪⷽԭ
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ҶѪܵسԼǰ˴Ŀġ
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÷һ۾ͿĴһкģǳӢͦΣɵô˸ڶһֱΪܹصߣе߹־ˣ뷿įȻͣλ˧ѵ̫ˣС˧ˣ
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ҶݣȻؿƿƳȴҲǲ÷ôһ˵ܹ³һҶڻ赹֮ǰ˵Ļ˼֣Ҫ׷ɱ½ɺܴ
Ǳ׷ɱôܹɳ˺Ķʵ̫ˡ
ҶһѹѾմ峿ˡ
۾ʱһյ˴ϡ
Ҷû¶ʹһɤȻһЩĸо֪ڸɵģ˵Ѿöˡ
˿࿴˹ȥͷſڴͷϣ˯
ȻôտԼţҲΪˡ
Ҷɵ뵽飬Ȼ¡
ʱѻֳ˳ֳ˫ǹ׷ɱʱҶѾΪȷѡһͷ˻ǵĻǺС
Ȼ˵֮ǰҶڱԹǺӵĺˮȾأ඼棬һȴелǺӵǣˣҲܲԷ׷
ǹûиҶʲôʵԵˣǺ׳Ҷ⵽˱Ƚص˺
ֻһ𶯣ʶһհס
ҲֲסܻܿᱻΣˮʱ֮ͻȻһĸоǸɺԵ֮кȻһȪȻ˱ը˺ѾþһϢҲøƳ
ԣҶȻûиȥǷһźӵǰ˳ȥĪرһֱһҴϸĹܵˮ˳ȥ
ҶֻԼůģ˺ôˮˣֱٴγֵʱ򣬾ȻѾ˾Ϯ֮⣡
ȻͿڹһ
ֻѾǸ·һǽ֮ĻǺӲ԰ˡ
Ȼͺػ˹ȥ
ôģҶԼҲԻӡУˮֻǴ˶̶̵һ˲ѣʱȴܹܵڵһѭ·ߣϵسԼ徭磡
ﱤ˰Ҷַǳĸо̲ס˳
ˣﱻҶѣҶ۾Լɵø˵˵ǵˣҪҪ֪ͨˣûϢҲżɣ
߶߶ظԼ˵ҶȻһɷǳůĸо鷢ϳ¼ҵϱ֮䣬ȷʵе΢
ҪϵҶ˵ʱҶԺһ⣬ֹ̿


108 ȴʱ
Ҷ˵仰ʱй֡
ˣЩҶСС;Ȼ򶨣ɱ֮Ȼܹ侲̬ȻǽŻӣͬ
Ҷһ仰̾Ͱˣԭôһ¶
ŪԵɣӿˣҶͰ͵
ܻһҹʱȻЩҶֻԼʵѾûдˣҪǳʱûгԶɵġ
÷˵ʱȻҩȴûϵ֮ĶһЩӪҺôʮʮСʱҶȻǶ۷̡
ˣôһ˵ҵĶҲеˡվҶȥϵɵ˺ȻѾ޷ˣɵЩ档
ͬѧ÷˵˺ҲҪϲܹȴû뵽ҶĻָôǿһϵʱ͸û¶һ
ĿͰҶúܲ
ͱǹ·ʱֵϣϢҶȻؾǼ춼ֵĳ
ʱôһö֧̾
ҲıһСȻִúܣ浯һ£۵Ҷ죬ŽЦ̣ȥ׼ʳ
Ů¡Ҷֹһ
˵ŮŮŮѸȻ˵ֻһϵĹѸֻδµŮӣȻ˵ƹйܽӴʵŮ֮£վűϵ
ⲢΪһͷϳβ͵СħŮ·ͺҶеᣬȻǲʱĶʵ˸о߶ȱȽϴһ˿϶ڽܡ
ȥ׼ʳζʱ䣬ҶͿʼתţڵơ
췢ҶѾ绰֪ͨ壬Ҳ˹˲ɲʧĹԭ򣬶ԼΪɱʧٵ飬϶ᱻ˵һʱڵ֪飬Ȼ𶯡
ҶλүӳսԣȻŹϳ¼ҵһлᡣ
ڣѾΪԼ飬লľԱһˡ
ȡʤһҶүӵʤսʱԲˬںζҲûãĻᣬҶҵλүҵǳɣʼϳ¼ҽȫѹ
ҶȻ޷²ҶүӶֵķ򣬵ȴŹĻᡣ
ĻҶүҲϽλá
ȡʤʱһݼţ˫Ϊ˴ܱ˴ˣ֮ǰ׼ȴ϶кܶࡣ
Ҷ˵־ɱ飬סˣôҶүӽϳ¼ҵɣ϶Ƿǳˣͬ־ȶҲ޷ֹҶΪҶֻ
ôһ֮Ҷ;Լġ֣
ֻҪ¶棬ҶҾͿ֮ƣһٽϳ¼Ҵ覴õĲֳһõ˵һͬ飬ϾǱӰ˵ӱ˸ɱˣŪˣʬбΪص˼һߵķǺġ
ȻˣҶȻЩ¶ˣ绰һ
ͬҶһϳ¼ҵľϵͳҲ൱Ӵ󣬿˵ʤһ绰СƣһǷԼϵ֮󣬺׾ܹȷҶڷΧһ
ҶɲôõľΪԼǰ֣ˮ
֮ǰ룬һΪƶҶƽ֣УҪĴ۲̫С֮£ϳ¼ҾȻ˾ɱԼĴ£̵ƴ䡣
ֻҪҶҧסһ㲻ţϳ¼ұϴò
뵽ҶҲɵĻ󳩣Ȼ˵һβ˸ǴѲк󸣣ĺչȴڴġ
ûиλүȡϵ㹻ţλүܹȷжϣΪҶıȡ棬ҲǶλүǻ۵һΡ
緹ˡһʳ˽뵰ڰӣڵģƮŪҶ󶯡
Ϊڼ棬ֻǴһ˯£˿ʵص˯¿ȥǳ壬΢ЩȴֲôңƽʱͷҲȻش˦Ժ
ҶӹһֻӣץסͿеʱ򣬾ͷϣ˿˯µ棬ûзκµļǰС͹𣬲ɵ۷ֱݺݵڰҧһڡ
㿴ʲôأСƨ״Щغǳ
˵ҲǺֵһ飬ԴһεĻƹ¼֮ҶĸоͱȽϸӣȸмΣʱ̳־ԼֶʱֵΪеգʱҶԼزҧӣ²Щʲô
ôҲϵŮѸҶǿѹ֮£ȻҲЩܲסġ
ôӣеԣ㣬ó԰ҶЦҧŰӣ˵
ûػӦ
ֻӣֻҶĶӣֻһ󲿷ʱ䶼Ҷĳࡣ
һ㣬Ҷȵ뵰δش˸öǰ˼š
Էʱ򣬾ͺһֻСڻعʳۡﲻϷҶһ¡
С㲻ɶҶֻ˵˰䣬Ȼֱ˵ĸĻԻᷭġ
һǱȽŮһ˵СɧûʲôҪ˵ĸƢٺõŮӣҲᲪȻŭģϺص˸ˣȻˣذʾһ£˴š
ȻȻҶԴ£ȴҲûķ
˽һϳ¼ҵĶɡҶһǳ޳ܵҪ
ｫֻĿһЩΪȻ˵Ҷ٣ǹˣϳ¼ϱĴϣ˼ϱóԺúȵźţҪѾĻ˼ҹһӣб޳ܵ𣿡
ˣûô޳ܣġҶһǳ޹ı飬ؿ˵ֻҪʱҵĶ򣬵ȵֵòɿʱͻȻ콵ǵǰףƽǶôҪһ鰡
޳ܡݺݵرҶȻת绰ȥˡ
Ҫ˽ϳ¼ҵĶôû˱ˣֻҪ绰ȥϳ¼Ŀǰľơ
½²߻˾ɱ飬Ѿί˴ˣĿǰϳ¼Ҽɹ취˽һȦ֮󣬾ɫŹֵضҶ˵˵½±ץԭ򣬲Ϊɱ㣬Ϊ̨ͨҾ»ܣ
û˻˽¶ڵ̸̨۵ģǲǳμΪҶЦŴһ䣬ȴţԼӦʲôʱ֣ȽϺһЩ


109 ÷
¶ϡ϶Գ˵
佲˳½µ֮󣬳ͶȻ˾
ΪȻóĽǳпϡ
½¶þ鲿عɱҶ飬ȻֻСΧ֮ȴϳ¼Ҵ˷ǳصӰ죬ǽ˾ǵһƬƣкѹǳݵĸо
ͦһصĻϳ¼ҿܶ˶֮󣬲ӪĴþ棬лһΣգǳͳλϵ޷̵Ľ
ҶҵˣҿҲ׽Щԥرʾϣ¾ҶҲӦһУҲûʲô취ܲ˵гίλһҶүʩѹɣ
ңί߳½һ£ҶҵҶʦͨΪ˵λж޷̣ǳԼҲǼΪʹ޵ģ˽´ʹ½´֪ʲô裬Ҫ˴£ϳ¼˺
ҪһǾʵҶ䣬ҪˣҪʬҪҵͬˣȥͬ־ȡõָ֧֡ܿصڡ
˽ңͬ־Ϳˡͬ취
Ҳûĸѡ񣬳İ취ЧҲܹ޶ȵؽ¿һΧ֮ڣݻɳҶҵ۷Ծ
Ǿͷͷ¡һӣ˾׼
ųţոϳŵ绰˹ǣǴٿ飬Ҫϲμӡ
Ŷһ£Ǵᣬ϶д·ȴҲ˽ǹֻ÷Ը˾תͷתȥ
޶żǰͬ־ݷãһͽӵйί֪ͨҪȥᡣ
ʲôҪ飬Ҫ̹ȥƢǴúܣ̾ʵ
˵Ҳֻ˵йί۽ɢ֮£ԭҪίʵڲԶȨڴϷˡ
֣һʱǳ
Ҳֻйίίְ񣬵ͬίԱܹڹҴзһãйίȡôҪؼֵˡ
֮ǰʱ򣬳Ѿ˲ˣʾҪȡйί飬ȫ峣ί۴£ȻܷӵĻᡣ
˳Լ˼֮󣬾ͱʾ̸ϸйίμҪĻ顣
ֵܣõֻҪǶԷԼ֮еһͿԽֿסһķΧ֮ڣȴû뵽˴˶Ҫʧȥ˼ʱΪϳ¼ұߵĻᡣ
ֻǽͬ־ϳ¼Ҷˣͬ־ҲܲˡõڳͳĶ֮Ҷ̾еҪ塣
Ǵٿ飬϶ǽͬ־⣬ϳ¼ҽͷöĽڹ۶ٿ飬˵Ҫǣסϴȥϵͬˣ˵ʲôݵĻ飬Ρ
ֻһҶףΪʲôͬ־ȻҲ֣ˣ
ҲãҸˣһؼҰɡҶĥһ£˾
ھͻȥеЩ⣬ΪҶҪء
ľƣҲ˸˫ѾչΧҶҺϳ¼֮Ĳģ߲Ҳʼ˽Ҫһ¼޷ŴԱл档
ҶҺϳ¼Ȼͬʱڶ֮УǸоȫǲͬģҶռʱ˺ͣٵõ˸ϵͬ飬ϳ¼ǧָξأ·磬಻ԡ
пܵĻͳλ߲УҲܳȥĴߣҪͬҶҵĶһ֡
Ҳ½һη̫ˣϳ¼ҵλүҲȫסǵҶȫֵʱ򣬴ˡ
ȻΪϳ¼ҵϱȴóһڶ
ȻѧʤϵпɣһԼûʲôøУټϸսѧʤͳˣûмʵĸϳ¼ҵӳѧĺͳѧʵ񣬳׵׵ؽϳ¼ҵķܻˣһ뵽ϳ¼Ҿ;еġ
ôһ뷨ʵϣϳ¼ҳûȥġ
ֻнϻצӺݶõǲŻʵʵش棬ˡ
ֻҶ˵ҪؼңȻһĸоһ˵ôˣڶһСëͶ˸ɣ
˼ţָԼͬѧ÷˸绰Щҩ
÷ܿ͸ϹˣһɫֳʵҲǵ¹ͨ˽ҳһʽλƫͣҲԣ÷ֳͨеСǮŮӣܷ㣬ҲԵ̫ۡ
˵ˣڻûлҲȱ̫Ѷ־Ǹ㼸ڴϣҲǾӹŹ֣߶ˣȴҲδؾܹһϳ˵⳵
ΪˣҶıʱȥȴҲûоܶΧۣʱǣںûͶ̫Ĺע
С˧ָô죿÷Ҷʱϳ𾪡
Ȼ˵Ҷʱ÷Ѿܹ϶Ҷд£Ƥܵһʱָû뵽һ֮£ͷҶƤ˼ָ˵ľòҲϣˣɵ۾
ᣬӺáҶ÷ôſҲеڣװЩ˵
÷ҶܸȤչ̾ѣȻ޷ҶΪʲôôͻָ
ٸҶһȫļ֮÷ط֣С˧缸ָˣдķβҲʾ֮ǰܵ޴󰭣ָֻٶȣҲе̫ˣ
пܵĻ÷Ҷץȥ͵ʵƬúõоһ¡
Ȼˣô뷨϶ʵ֣ɱɡ
룬Ӧòųҩˡ÷ܿ͵ó˽ۡ
ȴ˵鷳㿪СҶͻؼȥҽеѲֻĴˡ
飬岻÷ɨɨȥȻҪҵһ˿ƽʱĸоҲ¶ܣϾҶһǻָ٣Ҳʱ͸ɣ
ǲô˵һС˧ؼңʲôܽܵ飬÷Ҷ֮ĹϵǳȤ
ֻƾ÷һ·϶ҶʩչֶٰΣҲûдҶ׳мֵϢ
ˣǰ͵ˡҶЦŶ÷˵飬ǳлʲôԽ飬Դ绰ңҽҶ
÷ӹдһ绰СֽҶʩʩȻ߽ǽԺ֮Уг𾪣˵֣ҲҶҺϳ¼֮һЩ飬ֻû뵽С˧磬ȻᵽҶ
ԭλ𾩳̫ȦҶٰ÷ҶıӰ̾


110 ίȡ
Ҽȡί顣ɫԼ
һίμӽԱһЩڼ쵼ǣλΡʮλίһʮλίԱǣ϶ȫˣйίʷҲǱȽϲġ
¹عίĴϣԼҵĴ⣬ǲܲһЩġ
ͬ־ûгϯֻҲʵֹίճĺ󺣸ΣλεҲǽϵģͳսܳףýҲһѺ֣Ĵ֮
ζڳһͰ˳ʾԵ̬ȣЩͬѩ׵üë΢΢һ£ùеı˵ۻᣬίȥҪ۳һҶԳԣʵͬ־Ҳ˺ܶίԱǵӸӿѧĽǶίĳҲǱȻģһ⡣
һλҲЦűʾҵ״Ȼпɣ˽ӰҪһЩЩ˲չһӣ÷ֵʱ͵÷֣ɲǵĶɳⷽǣҸ˱ʾֳ֧ί
λζʾֹ֧ίĳһλίͱʾ˵ίԱᣬһֹʵġʱǵ״ǸɲϻϸɲǹǸɣ̫̫ҲвͨԣҪίԱɡʱͬ־ҲίԱᣬӦ˵쵼ְƵһֹɡʶزȡ취ʹɱȽ˳ҲԺ󣬹ίԱͿȡˡĻҪʮꡣһ㣬Ҳõˡ
˼ҲȻô˵ģӦմ˰ӦüίϾ񾭹ʮ֮󣬹ίеĴ󲿷ίԱǣѾǰʮ䣬Ѿ޷ʤճʱ䶼ڼл߲϶ɹģίĴѾûʲôʵˣ糷Ϊá
ǳзҲ٣ЩίԱΪɲữ϶Ҫģǰڵĸɲữ취ܶͬ־쵼λ֮䲢ܴ󣬶ĵĸ߼ɲܹΪܶǻؼұȥˣ˸еܽܣ޷⡣
ɣϾһģֻ̬쳣ѡ
ֻһοᣬҲһЩ⣬Щ֮ǰڴظʾҪ֧ԳίίԱǣʱҲһЩֻЩĬЩԵȼЩѾı̬ȣΪίľӿѧһЩ
Եعһ£ԳίίԱֻܹռвλίԱĲҡ
Դ˸еǣܵλλǿͨ鰸Ҳûʲôð취ֹкܣԼϽһλίԱһֵԼʱ򣬳һ⣬Ȼ
϶һҶҸϳ¼ҶŵϢ˳Ҷϳ¼ҲãһοҲԸ֧ˡ
ӲΣǽ֮£һ׵ģѡҲǱȻġ
жҲһЩڴϾ֮һҵίԱԵĻͨ鰸ҲϾòʣΪһ۾ö۵ĿԲǺܴ󣬻λλȥίԱǵĹǹȫ֡
ҪĻлᣬ˵ίԱֱ֧ί֯ģĽǽίһԵ֯Ǽίһñ
Ȼ͹˺εľģҲ͹ƶĻľĺ
귽ͬ־ȥ̸ѾίΪ˼ĸҪȥЭճΪѯҵҵʾͬ⣬ΪУзͬ־ѹճȥ졣λ˵˵ߣһʼʱߵĹԱǶô޳ɡҾĸĥ֮³ʱ仹̣кãһ߶๤һʱ䡣
ǽһϵԱԾѡڶ߹ǵİţӦб뷨ŮҲǵĿǣҴ뱲æˣһУ֮Ӱ콡Ҹǣ֮꣬λ񣬶Ϊҵľ˵⻰ʱ򣬾ע⵽ĺܶͬ־׷׵ͷȻᣬǰգҸͬ־ר̰ݻ˷ͬ־ͳͬ־
仰ҵĶʱЩԭͷ˯ͬ־ǣҲ۾ȻǶڷͬ־ͳͬ־̬ȷǳġ
ͬ־ʮǰѾˣĵǳͬ־ϾǹίĵˣǳҪ
ͬ־˵ǵѸߣ㣬ʮĴԺǲٸˣҺͬ־һ£Ҳһȥ˵ڵĸɲݡƶȫ潨˳ִУʵϸɲĺ뽻ȡԤڵĽչڹίʱ죬ίԱǵ¶ܸˣѻΪһֹ֯Ϊǽ飬ʮĴ֮󣬿ԲίԱᡣ
ͬ־̬ȣܶ˵ӰǼģ˺תĳͬ־Ƿίϵ̬ȣҵ϶׶ˣ¶϶޷ıˡ
Ϊ˰úһЩһЩǻйίΪá˵
ˣԭȷԵͬ־ǣҲûʲô˵ˣǶԺεĽҹƱʾͬ
ʵϣܹίĴ󲿷ͬ־ӵʮϵĸ߼ɲҵĵԭӹɵģίĴڵһ壬ʵҲǶһֿ϶Ͱ
Ѿȷ֧ȡίͬ־ͳͬ־λӵڶӵߵ쵼һͬ£ȻӦѡ
֮˻ᷴԣҲδΪȨǸоЩ˵ȥЩϵĸоѡ
ڹίʮ֮󣬴󲿷ίԱ¶Ѿܸߣⷽ飬ʵѾúܵˣ˭ܹ֤Լܹͷѵظأ̫˼һӢ䣬󻹲ǹ˿ǿԼ˵ԭ
õȥʱ򣬾ȥˣҵȻ˶ȥҲôģ˭ġ
ȥ¶תأҲòʾͬ
ĳίҲ׷׹Ʊʾֺ֧εξЦҵʾͬ⣬¾ôˡ
ɢ֮󣬳վȻտյģһֻĸо״ϽΨֳʲôӡ
ãǿؽһڣƿ飬̬Ӳ˵һûϵҪ˷ĵز
εشһԣһ޲ߵӡ
ڽеǳʧʧľǳͬ־̬ȣһȡ˹ί֯ͬ־ӰȻҪۿ۰ϳ¼Ҷڳϵнһ¼ܵʧģ
óΪģԼȲûдӳͬ־õⷽϢ
ȥ֮󣬳ͽӵһĶµϢҲȥμǴˣ


111 
ôͻȻϳ¼ҵ֧֣ɸڳͬ־΢һһǰš
ãɽϵһˣƵӦ꣬һ̤ࡣ
ɽ紵ϵһƬƬ£һꡣ
ͬ־ȥӵ˼Ƭ꣬µõǰۣȻŽǶ䵽ϡ
ǵԶһͲŮЯǰУֻɫ֮ȴǺãһ˵į顣
ɶүͻȻͬ⳷ίһ£еЩ⡣
֮ǰ趨ǽίٱȥҲʲô飬ҶϳҼӰҲǳǳҵЩӵܣҲүӼǲ£ҲӦùһͷζϾӵ⿪չ
ܹίѾڶ߹ˣǱ𳹵ȥ̨һЩƵġ
Сʱڼ磬ϲʵǴ졣ͬ־ͻȻ˵
ŶΪʲôЩʵ
Ʋӵļڰ׾ͳֶ˵顭ͬ־̾һ
Ŷɵ˵ͷǲף⻰Լʲôֱӹϵ
ͬ־һ۶ӣ˹˵֮ûתҵǷûиεǱʣںܶķӦ̫
ǣȷʵ縸ԡɶһǱȽͬģҲԼĶ̰۶ĶʲôģȷҪܶࡣ
ټϳɹȥѧڵģⷽ浹ĵãԼǰҪչҵʱͶ˼ֻյһڽ˳߹ģĽ迪УҳܣڷչͷҲܲ
ƿҵʵҲܲģȻ˵Ȼǹ󣬿ʵϴȨգӰǳ󣬶ҵĴһ²ĿƣԶҲǿ򲻵ѵ߲Ҳ׸ǵľ
ĻҶǸСҪԶˡͬ־ͻȻðһ䣬óɸеܲĻ
ҶƽȻǿԿܹǿȥɣɱʾȻ˵һҶƽԵɺϣƴѹɣȥһһϵĿǿһͷ¶ҲδؾͲǳҶĻʦ֮֡
Ҷƽɵ˽˹ϵ൱˳ɶҶƽӡҲȽִȵδؾܹõó˴ֱʵһϵ˴׽ĿԽϴ
ȻˣҲܹϣһϵոĸҵɰܺͲ£ȷʵĿǰɺͷϸĸҵһֱȽϳصĴֱƶ˸߲Դµı̬ھͬ־ҲʼһЩʽϽرʾĸ￪ŵҵᶨƵƶȥ
ţ˶ãǷҪƶĸ￪ҵͻͳһʶˡ
ҶƽΪʼٸߣ϶¶òӷ֡
ʵϣҲүˣҶڷƶҶƽ֡
־ôҶƽҪ֣ѶȲһĴ
ĥ¶Ͳү˵һ仰Щˡ
˵ҶСӿɲҶƽҶͬ־˶һ۵
ˣͷ󺹣ףҾٲҲڲǸزɣ
үӽҶȣһ˵Ҷܶ࣬ɶʱһûˣүӾǱͶӣҲô̼˵İɣѵ˵ԼҶһ۹⣿ҲŰ
Ϊſڿӵ𣿡үӺһ
Ȼû׶ţǲΪȻģүӾҪӷܷͼǿҲһëѹԼɣοëӻԼŮ
¶ɲɵûͷŮһֻۣŮͬеŮ˵ʲôȥֿɼһȥЩ۷ɹȴΧŮתתȥŪǼЩģЩ˷ܡ
ȻǳɢɢıȽϺð뵽
ŮһֱãƸҶ¶ЩϵȴҲ֪СӾˣһĳ⣬Ҷǻᷢģ
ֻҶҷԼûжĹϵɵĵŮ⡣
ǵŮʱƺ˵Ҷ񻹸һɫ׷ʾŮȴֲ˵
ҲŮĸ۹ȴܹϵˣ϶ˣܹɫˣ͸ѵˣɴ˿ҶŮȻǸӵܣ澿θ룬ͺ˵ˡ
Щķҡҡͷү˵Ҷϳ¼ҵĳ½˾ɱδʱҲЩźһҶˣȴ֪Ů᲻˶еʧ䣿
ɻϣ漣ҶܹŻ
ͣһӣү˵֪Ϊʲôϳ¼𣿡
Ϊϳ¼ҵĵˣԼеԭ򣬷ײͿҶ
һԭ򡣡үӵͷȻ˵ϳ¼ҵӲͳˣΨһһȻйȴزϳ¼ҵûѾע޷ıˡ
ôһԭأʵ
һԭ򣬾ǳڹġү˵
˵֮䣬үӾֱͣͦˣҲһɺȻ˲ұӡ
ģɼһȻҲǳһֶ̻ͣ࣬塣
˵ϳҵĹҪһЩǳͬ־˵ʱ򣬼Ƕܹ˿ĲҲ廰ҶȻãķȴǳг֮Ҳ໥̸ЦǢҲһ׮¶
ҷչڣҪľǱףŬ裬ϰյӹԽԽãһ㣬ҶܹõΪʲôڵڵĺܶͬ־ȴأͬ־ʵ治֪װ֪ΪһЩʲôԭ򣬲Ը֪أ
ˣһʱ֮˵
ڹһ˵ϳңҶҡϷҡϳ¼ļ壬ɫ壬˵ԲأҪ˵ҲһġȨȦ棬ȷʵڵġͬ־˵˵ţ˰˶ȣǣȨͬʱ˼Ϊҳ˼Ϊϰհ£ֻŹĶǣȨǾƫ·ߣʧȥһŹˣȨײ㣬ҪƵģ
Ŷˣ˸׵˼
ϳ¼ڹ˽ãȻѾ˷ǳصĵزѾûһˣͬ־ȻȥǲǴԼĻҡײƭһȡίϣͬ־ͱʾԼȷ
οǹĶǣҲ໥ΪΪϣԲκεƫҲΪһμҵĵߣĻǾΪ͡
ڳͬ־ʧȥ˹ĵϳ¼ңѾǹ̳еһŶˡ
һǲ֪ġͬ־һ仰ʱóɴʵķ꣬ĻƶߣǱˣǸëͷСӣҶ
һӣɿˡ


112 Ҫ˭Ȩ
ڹίĻٿͬʱǴҲڽŵؽ֮С
Ǵ飬ܶ˸㲻ͬʲôϵ
ʵϣȫʱֳίԱĳǴίԱջڼʹίԱְȨ˴֮ԭǴָĳֳίᡣ
ŴʮһȡǴ
˴ʮǴ쵼´ճĻûʹίԱְȨȨǸķ봦ճİ»أ֯Ϸֵ֣ķȨ;һճʵ⡣
ʮһȫָǴָȫᾭֵָۣİ˴ʮ֤ǱҪЧƶȣǴΪֺĳίԱ쵼µĳ
Ҳ˵ʲô飬һ㶼Ǵͷо໥ͨһ£֮ȻžҪδġ
Ļ飬ǽͬ־֯ٿģϾ
⣬ȴǴþˣҲǣÿһԱġ
ȻλУӼλھίԱǽҪо۵ģȴֵ⣬ԼгίĶ⡣
ͬ־ҶүҶǬЭϯǴǣλΧһѩ׵̨棬Ų豭ʱѾƣھλίԱ
аԴͬ־رϯҪ¼ģʱɫһԣһ֧ڼ¼дд
һ̾䳡ˣҶüͷ⡣
ʵϣֳԱ⣬ճֻ̣˭ҲûϵͨгίʽУúܶͬ־еЩ⡣
ͬ־鵭Ȼ΢Цݡ
ҶүӰһĿⲻʱ˵ɨһƺǳɱһ㣬Ūôҵ涼Щë뵽մԣ˵ҶүӵҶ¶ˣҶүɫÿҲǿ¡
һֺǺǵı飬ȻҲ⣬ֻ໰˭Ҳ²͸澿Щʲô
ЭϯһЩƤ΢΢ţؼطʱзŵ۾Уܻʱ¶һ˿â޷Ĵڡ
ǴǶŲ豭ʱһڣ˫üƺڿʲô֢һ㡣
λֱ飬ֲͬ棬̬һ㣬ȴͬǳǿ˿֮Ͳܲ쵼˵ϹȻ
ҲܸźȲŶ̸һ̸ͬ־˵
᰸ҶүӣȻ̸ʱҪں棬Ű죬˭˭ûʲôӰ졣
ǺһЦԭϽͬġڸɲữһֱҲȡһЩЧܵûһֽܹṹеһ긻ǿͬ־һ¶
ͬ־ôͬ־ʵ
¶ϯ˵ͷ˵֧֣ǽƺѡҪء
ϯ֮󣬾;ý¶Ҫͨˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ뷨ǿͬҶƽ֣ģҶұΪ˸һĴۡ
Ʒת½ѾίץˣͨǶϳ¼ҵҪһͿصģҲɲǴǿơ
ֻҪһİûеͬҶүӵ飬ڴ
˭֪ҶҲԸ
ϯķ֮Ҳڲ²ǵ뷨
һֱãԺֶӣȺľֺʱ䣬һֱ֧ţЩĵĸоⷽҪճ񣬶Ҫ˹ģͱܹ˼һȽʵʵĺô˵볣
Ҷүӵ飬뷨ǲıϣѹȽϻرʾ֧ˣ˵ˣҲһۺʵƴĻᣬõ˭ϣ油伸Ա󽫰
ϯ뷨е㲻ˣֻűȽϴͳһЩҲӰĿǡ
νľѳ֣гίֻˣһʲô磬ײæȰܵĶңܹ˽δһ¶
ǶڳԣͲôһ¶ˣгίϳ¼ҵʵҲģҪ࣬ԿľˣΪûܹʤεѡܲ˾ɣĻͬ⣬ԼҲȫˡ
վڳϣܹ״ʵò
ǿڵΣʵԼıԸ
Ҳ˵˵ͬ־ڵ㵽߶ˡ
᰸ǷԵġȷرʾԼ̬ȡ
λ۾һ˵Ҿ֪ĽҶֵ֧᰸ϳ¼ҿ϶ҪԵģͺǹҼһ֮ĩҲ֣ʵǰ¶ʱеڶϷ
ҼȻΪıҪҲòϸоһ¡Ȼһת
ףλеɫһ䣬Щؿų䣬˵еŶϳôô˵أƽʱǼԣһſϰݵġ
ϾͬСɣҲܽ쿪һλȷⲻǸͨĹ̶ѣҶûʲôŻȷȻύۣڵύͨ
࣬˵ǷȨͬ־˵˾ǰǼͷĵӣһЩѹ˵ļϡ˵Ҳֱӵĺܣȫûʲô˼ɣǽгί󵽾ˣҲǶĸֵеĹѣбҪҵҲ̰еȨǼȻλϣӦȨΪãΪϵܲΪ·ӣͱŷҪ͵ǣ
ôһ˵˵Ц
˵ʵڻ˭ҲԼеȨųȥָˣһҶҵ᰸ǴŸɲữĻӣҪ˵Ȩɿ϶ǳģҲ˷ͬ־ͬ־˵׿ϣȻǱҪ۵ġ
˼ʵҲ򵥣ΪԼĿǰܹʤݹûбҪֵ˵ͷϣҪǾùǿԷȨȥģᷴԡ
ͬ־ҲЦЦ͵ʵгίȷֹȷҲ֯չǴҶȽͬģͬ־ͳͬ־쵼ԴҲֹɡ
ôһ᷽ͬ־ͳͬ־䵹Ҳ˵ʲôˣѹ̫һ쵼ˣȷʵЩסӲҶүӣҲССؿһ·ͬ־ȴǲܲͬ־ӡ
˭֪ǱܲˣֻηȨ˭ȨһȽϸӵϵͳˡ
ҵ涼ţǲǵöעһ긻ǿͬ־ˣ


113 ö
ҵĹԹСӡ

ҵĹԹСӡ
үүûôŰɡ
ҵĹԹСӡ
Ǹɶһûôİɡ
ҵĹԹСӡ
ôˡ
򵥵ĻױȥԼҶͻȻڶүǰʱ򣬶үӾȻ̲סȻѡ
үӽҶ§סͷźúõһ飬ȷҶȷûʲô󰭣ɵָȻкþƹҪʹһ
׳ڴģʰɣ粻ǻҪٿһҪ𣿡Щѵ
ţǾٺˡүһֵ
ǡЦ˳ȥȴٺǶ٣Ӧòᳬ˰ɡ
ʵ϶үӵҲСˣԱǳ׳ĽƽʱʳбȽϿѧϸʳףүȻʾҪȾףѾٻˡ
үү͵͵ҶҲеͷ۶үӺȾƣͷ˾ƣе˼˵κһ˵ǾǷƷ谡ɲԸԷƷĶүӣǱתƿ⣬үѯʵҲ죬ƾչεزˣ
ҵ飬ƿ˵һƬãԤƵĻҪһЩүҲ𽥴ӳҶľϲлָ±ָľί׳ƿؾίĴֻϵĺȻ˷֮ɫδȥ
үӵϸ֮Ҷŷ֣һҹ֮侹Ȼôıԣȷ˸еĶǡ
˵֪ڣҶʧٵʱҲûгʮ˸Сʱ˵ʧ˿ڵıҪ󣬻ʸ
ҲΪˣҶʧٵһСȦھеҶҶƽеĻЩԹ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥͬ־ģҶ˸ӣŪҶƽһ˹ȥûӣҪںͬ־ǰӸʹһ١
ҶүӺͶүӶԴضȻҲпԵģһʱִ̫̣ûкôһΪʢŭ֮£Ҫϳ¼չһ˲ϴ£һԭ򣬾ڼ˵ʱֳ֮ҵҶʧƶ绰Ѿױըĳը֧顣
£λүӶΪҶѵĿѾ΢΢б֮࣬Ͷϳ¼ҵĳ½˺֣һҪ֮졣
Ҷ֮ҲǸеЩ̾½ôôͿȻ̨ͨǲͨеΪǸ߲Ϊ̵ܹĻʲô£
߲϶ǲ̵ģĺˡүƶ˵½ѾˣõĽܴб뷨ϳ¼ϴʵҲҪ¾촦ó½µӰ쵽ϳ¼ҵ
ҶͷҲϾϳ¼ҵĶϵУλнһȻۣȴҲǲ֮ܳʹΪ½ϳ¼ҶǣȥĻ鷳ʹˣǴǶܵǣ½ͳ½ƽ˸Ǩ
ʵϣڣ½ͳ½ƽҲûھǨϣ
ֻҪүھһ죬ֵܾͱкӹɱӵĴܲ
½µ£ΪͨɸҶɱ޹ϵҶһ룬ҪԺϳ¼Ҽƽϵġ
Ľչʵ֮ǰû̫ķֱֻΪͻȻ£үүҷǳŭǰ˶ѣټϳ¼ò˱ᣬڵƷչǼΪү٩٩̸б仯ͻȻڹ֮еģһа¾еļҪְλϣƶ㸸ǱģҲҪȥ˵˳ư﷽ͬ־һѣἸѡ֣ͬ־Ǳ߶ҲĴ㣬ҶҲҪֵ֧ģ涼ҪƽһҶǺ£ͷ̫ʢ˼ʡ
ҶͷԤ뵱УҶһθ߲㲩ĵУҪһΪϰҶƽƽ֮·ΪǰᣬĵطʵһЩòҲǿԽܵġ
ҶүӺͶүֹ̽ͬ־ҲĥһЩζ
Ľͬ־ȻѾǼǡϯ;ί׳Ҫְһ壬˵ǽȨΪеһ̣ϸ˵ĵλȻЩȹ̣ھһ̰ϣָԡ
Ӵ󻷾񷽺ͬ־ǰ쵼˵ӰڣӦƼŹһѹһЩµľϣҪȡǵڲҲϣͱ˵ҶүҪ߳ʮĵȨҲҪһЩ
ڲȨҪһϣҲûȫץ
ڲ⣬ǱȽϸӵģСɽͷʢУ곤ʱ򣬶ֳܹìȻҲЩͬ־һֻ˵ͨˣҪȨץѶȷʵܴ
ʵϣҶĴţھҺ壬үھί׳ϣǿӲҲ˵ܹƵ˾ֻ˵Ӱϴ󣬹ֱܹӰ쵽ķ֮һҵʣµһЩҪǷ㣬һЩɴǻˣŸɵġ
Ҷˣͬ־ҪƾȨ̸ף
ͬ־ռ˴ͳ֣⵹˳ξҪ롣
ҶҴһε飬һѣͬ־õеļҪְλҲ֧λȹ̵һ⡣
һ㣬ֵ࣬ʵҲǽͬ־ǿеӰһλᣬҶү鰸˼Ͼǣ˷ĻȨȽϴһЩҲһЩҪɲ
ϰ֮⣬鲿ҲӦһλᣬεץСҶ룬һ飬ԭϳ¼Ұѳž鲿ͨ飬Ӱʵ̫ˣҵǰȥ鲿Ĳľô겻ҲÿһˣһнȻأȴҲԱôĹס
үˣ΢Цŵͷд⡣
˵ӦнˣβŴʱҲãʵӰĻȳ½Ҫöࡣ
ֻΪ漮ǰϹܵ鴦⣬Ծһֱһν߳½µĻᣬξ鲿һְû⣬ֻܵ鴦Ĵ϶Ҫóˣڽ˭Удо
һӣүӽӵҶүӵĵ绰
϶öˣԤҪõö࣬ƽѾȡ˹ʶҾ֮Ҳ䶨Ҷү΢Щƣ˵
Ȼˡү˵ҲһϢ㡣
ʲôҶүһ¡
ӰȻػؼˣëûеһүڵ绰ˬʵطЦ
ҶүӰòŹЦ٣СӣǴˣ


114 
ϣҶҴլƻԻ͡
Ժ棬¹ʽĻ棬ĥ͹ٱ࿿ϣλүӣҶƽҶĸΧһȦžƣŲ裬
ҶҷĹԱʱȥΪˮ¾ƵС˺͵ĸɹʲôģæĲֺ
ҽʱ߹λүҪƣܶơ
ˣǿԵġҶүӰ˰֣ʾ޷
ҽЩΪѣͼҶһ֣ƺŵԼǰȻԱҽ˵£ҿǾˡ
ҽ˵ͷȥˣ֪ҶλүĿеķᣬүүĿǣȻϰأȻҽȰЧҪõöࡣ
ӸλΣǱ˹ܵģھƶܺȣҶүҡҡͷЩɺ˵
ʲô˵ģʮϰˡүӵǺܵ˵
˵ҶүӵͶʴ֣μӿգ˸·һ̣ˮȥģδ뵽ʲôرֵģһǻѪѡ
ǵ˺֮תý蹤ͬҲͶȫľδһտС
ֻǺ̫飬һǻѪѾ٣ȡ֮һȨıͷɣȴҲǵû뵽顣
ÿ뵽Щ˳˼ӣҶүҲڿǣβܹظı磿죬ϰʵʵڵظԣ
Ϊˣ귽ͬ־˸ĸ￪֮ҶүӾʹ֧ҵпڿЧȻǺܲģԱһ£ӡ
ڴˣҶүϣְڼ䣬ƶƸĸģǴĿǰѶ̫أвȥϣǿһЩͱ˵һε᰸ʵҲǰϴ˵ҶүӾԲΪ˶Ҷƽһ˵ǰ;ʦڵҪгίɾơ
¼£ᣬҶүôֲ
ҶƽʱȻЩδ֪ӱ½µ˾ɱ֮ŵúܣȻŶѾȵԼ棬˵ʱĽյʱҶƽҲǾûš
¶ǧҪǰ𣬹ܲôصĴ̼ҶƽԸӵ
ףɱ֮¾ͲҪˣںúõģûʲôˡҶҲеĵ˵ҲӦüϡ
漰߲ӵܵһЩ飬ǱȽеģͱҶ飬˳ȥý֪ˣ϶Ҫ⳴һԹεġ
Ϊȵһ֣ҶȻҲеĵЩ˱ˣǲóȥ˵Ļ⵽Ȧ˵ĵơ
ϳ¼ҵľɱ¼Ҳͱ뱻ܿҲܶ¼һ㣬ʷӵУΪ಻ɿڶʷ¼е֮һ
½ΪʲôҪɱ㣿Ҷƽüͷʵ
ҶүӺͶүӶԴҲеǳ죬Ҷʲô飬Ūó½Ҫþ鲿оɱ
¶Ǹϳ¼ЩϵҶЦһ£òȥϸϸؽһ
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ҶүӵҡҡͷȻ⣬ǰҲû˵׷ףǵڵһЩ쵼ͬ־ԼҲһЩ⣬һᣬϵ۸ӣϾܳƵŽֹһֱƶιֻĿǰкܶ๤Ҫġ
ҾҪƷ⣬Ѫͳ⡣Ҷһ߶㿴ǼңȻүүͶүүͬûʱǣǼҲûгʲô׼֮ͽ񹲷֮
ҶүЦүֻ˺Ȳ裬ҶƽüͷЩõҶ˵أҪôۺֻƵصĵطܣ㲻ȥҲǳô鷳ɣҽѻȥۺˣʵʵѧȥӦ߿˵Ҫ֪죬ƨɣ
үүүүҪӵƨɣǲվܹܰҶ̴
ⲻûдȴ֮˵Ҳ١ҶүӶƱԵһڣһƵı顣
٣㿴ˣ˼Ҷ˵ƨɾԴ˭ƨ˭ţȻ˰ҶҲǴȤҪλүӿġ
·æλѵʱһ£ȻҪǶһЩĵ顣
ƨɾԴ̬ȣ٣С㵹ǻѧãõòŶүˣЩ˵
ͱˣٿβ;ˣǹҶƽ˵
ĸˣΧͥԺУһ£̸졣
ܵ˵һϳ¼Ѿͨ˽µҶүӱʾ˷˼ҲԸһòֻ½һܹҪŪŭԹҶ²̨
½µһ¼ϳ¼ҺҶûκιϵҶүᵽµʱ򣬾һۣ˵˵ͬ־ͬ־޳ɵģͬʱҲίԱίԱǽдίǱ߶ˣͬ־֪ˣһꡣ
ŶҶ˵ͷĵԭˣֲòԼʲôϮ֮¡
һεĽУҶնгίӣҪ꿪ʮĴʱŻʵҶƽ⣬ȴǰֽУ޷ǾŪȵٿʮȫʱ׷һ¾Ϳԡ
ǰɼȳʵº׷ϵȻеͨģ޷ǾһѣֻҪڲȴһͲڶϰˡ
ϰ֣ͬ־̸ΣҶ顣
ûиͬ־棬ҶԼҲЩźֻʱ˾ɱܹŻͲˣҲûбİ취
һЩϴ˹ʶҶƽ˿ӣЦŻش
ҶһԸҪƶҶƽ֣ίһְȻҪźãܲԼ֯˵ίǰɣ
Ժͬ־είǵƼԵ÷ǳҪ¶ȷʵѾ̸ˣҶҲͷ˼
鸽ѡַ촬ص飬Ѿ̲ݻȡڽھʡԺҶƽίӵӵ̶ǻ֪˸еЩˬġ
Ȼˣ¶ٻмµĲʱ䣬Ҳܹһʱ
Ȼ̸漰Ļ⣬ǹҴ£ǹҶҽչش⣬Ȼ࣬ȴᣬϰ˵ʱˡ


115 ౳
ʳ¯нˡҶүӿ֣Ҳǳˡ
һγ½·˷ƵҪɱҶҲᱻץסСӣǵҶҴŭ֣׳ĳ룬½ͨһ¡
½²̨ȻҲͲճ鲿Ҫλã˳ͬʱнΪ鲿ˡ
ܹ漮ϹݳιҾ鲿ŵ׳ҽнҲ԰ˣҶүӿʱҲйʣԼ»Ǻܳ˲ŵ
׳ǺãСҲáɫҲܲϵĽѾһţȥӲӵĺҫۡ
нĵλȻҪٽ˺ܶ࣬ҴλϵнӵкܴȨ鲿ƿ֮Уȷʵܰ쵽ܶǰ顣
ʵϣھ鹤ҪԺԣһĹ쵼˶ǵĹΪ߲쵼ˣһ㶼ֻҪһעеḶ́Ծ鲿ŵȨֵܵλҲߵġ
ãҶ֮Ĺϵ൱
еԭһΪǶ忴ųģһЩӵǳ㶨һڵۺлôܣȥΧġ
Ȼ˵βŵͷȥЩС¶еɱţĸоЩǵĸȴҲô͵ݶ
һһҪھصأһٽҲģĸϽ֣
ݣԲŲɻһ㡣
ȻˣûбҪҲԸôϾ˼޵顣
һ㣬ֻҪǲֳŭԹĴί߶жүӸţҲʲô⣬±ȽϽôûг©
ҶүӺͶүӶǷǳĵģֶһ㣬нء
ô˳𣿡үӹĵʵ
ܲξ鲿һȽϸӵϵͳȻ˵Ǳ߶Ѿ˶꣬ǸϵͳĹϵ֯һ𣬲ôһӳ½µнӹָȨǽԭ½еԱҪһʱ
ãȽ˳˵ͷЩǱ߶ĹЩЧģܶյԱǾɲϳ¼ھ鲿߶Ͼʱǳûֲǿ
Ǿͺã鹤ǳҪҪٽǡүӵͷ
ǡݻӦ
֮Ҷ˱ƣǰ
ǲȵģΪ֮ǰ˵鱨ˣҪʱ̱ͷⷸһЩͼԾƾⶫǲҪմģһЩ̼ԵʳҲȥԣ˵Ϊ˱ƽ̬
Ҷλһļһž޲ı飬ٻ¶ȽԻĸһ档
һε飬ҪȡѵģƽСİȫ⣬ҪһЩˡҶү֣µض˵
ҶϮ¼Ҷҵȷʵܴһ£ۿҶƽҲҪ֣ίҶҲϴѧĽҪͷҶүϣǸӵİȫܹõƵıϣٷƵ顣
һעġͷӦ
ʵҲҪôţСֻһż¼ҶƽҶүӵ뷨еˣΪδίԱίǣ䱸ľҲǱȽǿģӦûбҪܲξ鲿߶ˡ
˵Ҷ߶ֻҪȥǱˣô˼ӦҲԱ˳ŵģҪѰĻɣ˵ףһ⡣
ңרŹעҶһӵİȫ⣬Ҳе̫̣˼ˣʳ¯нӵķô˵ġ
ȻǳӣʾǱ߶ӣоȻҲв֮׳ģһɳ֣ƽİȫ
ҾͲˣƽʱѧУˡҶ˵
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λүûڼޣǻ϶סڸԵİ칫
ȵλү֮ͺסҶ
壬ʲô¶ҶЦʵ
⺢ӡ忴ҶҡҡͷЦҴȥˡ
ŶҶͷȴҲû壬Ҫȥʲôˡ
ߵԱ߶һ䣬߽ȥ֮󣬾ͼվˣǾӻ֣һ֪Ǿ
׳ãʺõ
˰֣ʾҷɣȻŶ˽ܵҶҲҪǱˡ
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ҶٺãһſˣҶʺá
ҺãλˡҶһȴЩֵֹĸо
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Ҷ۲һ£ͷλڶЩص㣬ǹͬʾǱȽϬӦöǼѪģѱѡУ䵱Լıڡ
ɢ˰ɣлҶ˵˰ֵ
λĵ˳ȥһûзȻѵء
壬ôǸ󣬺һǳȥ֮ҶЩɻѯʵ
Ҷ⣬ȻеЩ⣬Ȼӡ󣿡
ţоҵļӦòдҶֻôһָоҲ˵
ǾͶˡͷ½ȥɱģˣһѻ֣һ˾Ǹ˾
Ҷˣʱʹסˡ
ǲǸеЩ⣿ЦЦǳзǳ֮£ҼȻܹôվ鲿˵½µ¾ûҵˣһع֮һ½¾Ȼѡȥɱ㣬Լ
ԭˣҶʱȻ򣬹ֲԼܾﲻԾأôһ˵̾ˡ
ֲöԷҪɱԼƫƫѻֵ׼ͷôǹˣôܣоͶըҶʱ򣬼ʮ׶ӽȥˣȴ˵ҶļѣǱˮ˳ȥ
ʮװһŶըˣôƫƫҶͰȻֻһˣȻõģ
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ԭȻ޼ҶЦԭΪԼѾ˽࣬˭֪ı󣬻࣡


116 Ҹڣ
鲿عִ񣬻ᷢ
ǿ϶ģʱᷢһִԱûֱӵĹϵ
ͺ꣬ػ𶯣ҩңĸҪЩǲԤʱΪԤپ׼ܣҲƿ֪ÿһڣο֪Ļ֮⣬и಻ԤĻڡ
ҶϮһľѻ֣ǹûĿ꣬¶͸ŹŹ֡
ߣԽǹΪ⣬ǵһ٣ٶطʱͲô¶ˡ
⣬ǽг⣬ټ⣬ǾǾı
ܲô⣬Ҳܲᶼһ忴ҶϵıǵȻԼͺľװɫǳ½±ܣͳ鲿޷Ⲣ鲿Ȼǹǿ鱨֮һ鲿عǿסģؼʱŵù
ҶͷжȻһİĸо
ڲ֪䣬ܹƿ½鲿ֵµع棬ҽ½µļƻ޸ģһɱδ¼ϳ¼æңʧݣڶ˾Ҫһְλ
ֶΣȻúţ
Уⲻܽ忴Ҷϵľɫ΢΢¶һ˿ذɫ˵ٳʱҪķܹδѵֶΣȰ㻹ǺúĴѧһͨΪáȻƿһⲿţҲܰλϣҲһӶ㡣
һᾡɳġҶͷʾ
ʵڰȫ⣬ҶѾڶԽĥˡ
һ仰˵öԣȻȨƣǲҶԼҲҶӦӵе۴ĸⶼڹҵӦñ˽á
Ȼеʱһ£ǾԵãͻ⵽һµơ
ҶûƾʲôҶҾ͵񣿱뷨˺ܶ࣬ҶܽԼİȫ⣬ϣһֱôȥ
ˣѾ˳˾˳׵׵֮Ȼ䶼󣬿ִйܶҪ㣬Ҳǹۣϣܹúõشǡ֣µضҶ˵
һû⣬ұ֤Ҷֻ֤ҲЩɻ󣬱ʵҲͰˣôᣬѵҲִйܶҪع
˵ΨһŮӣղҲܹ˵ʮѣôСͣôǾḻҲμӹܶҪعҶ϶޷ŵġ
ʲôʱƭ㣿ˣٺһЦԺлĻԼȥɣǲ˵ġ
ôҶЩֻ֣ǼȻ岻Ը˵û׼漰ʲôȽصĹҰȫ߾鱨Ҳ˼׷ȥ
鲿عҶܹܿһ֧սǿİָͷһ£ԼҪҵⷽȷʵ٣ȵڵҵ֮Щ˾ַܹǵˡ
Ĳ˵һ鸽촬ص飬ͲƵİ˵ոչнζһݶ治ԼǰغԼ˾Ǻð
Ҷ˵Ҫ齨뷨ʹ
ֱӸүүҪ˾ÿ۳ֱкܶ࣬Ҳ֡ʾܳڱ˵ͷʹ飬Ҷȷʵʲôϵ̨⡣
Ҷҡҡͷʾס
ϡǵһЩ飬ڸ˴򽻵ʱ򣬹ڵĺܶ๫˾߾ģԷ˵¶г׼һЩëƤ飬֮ܶǴ¶ȴ˸еܾᣬŪ治ˬúܡ
ܹЩĻǰѹ˾õһЩΪá
Ҳʲô⣬ѵ޸һ¾ͿˣֵǼҶٷġҶĵ֮赭дػش
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ǴӶԷˣʵϴԼ߶һЩҶеӦԼеȨȥһЩ΢ʵǺܷġ
ڹڻûнϢʱݶǴֽϵģҪ޸ĲǺ鷳ʲôģǼֽһµľͽˡ
ڼִ죬ҶȥѧУһѸϰϻ׼ڼҶ񲹣ӭսĸ߿
ڽĸ߿Ҷûе楰ϰͬѧŪνʦѧϵȵȣһҲûֻʵ̫࣬ϰⷽеи
عͷٿЩĿƺü˺ܶ࣬ҲķḻкܴĹϵӲȻѧá
ҶҲһ֣ǾԽ˲ֹһҽľҲ쳣棬뵽Ȼܹˮ֮Ǳ׶û¶Ҷ;ǹ⻷ƺѾԼͷˡ
ʱ楾ʹ˵绰˵ǼֵһԪƷѾװĻھͿ˳
ֻڸʽϣеͷһòôǮ
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֮󣬰Żش湻ڵġ
ʵѾܺˣڵƷ۸ȽϵôһǳԿġҶ̾˿
Ҷû˵޵Ʒ۸ʵֻйгϵķ֮һңڴ֮е˶ԣһʺܴԮڵֳƷļ۸մС⣬Ĳ˵֡
ǣѾƷļ۸ˣȹг۸ԵͶѡ˵
ôһ˵Ҷ뵽ʱ楾ȥ̳й䣬һСддģڼ¼һЩƷļ۸Լʱû⣬ȴû뵽δѣѹǰͷû뵽
ֻǣҪǰѼ۸Լڵֳôһѹ˿ռʲôˣͼһѣϾľѡӣֹʽڣǴҪǵЦ
Լļ۸ٸߣҲѩ̿ȥ
뵽極ĻԼ˼۸ƷҶɵ̾ϢҸڣģ


117 
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Ҷڼҿһ֮󣬳ɼ˵ͻͽն񣬸ողμһģ⿼ԣȻǧͬ꼶ѧУǰʮ
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СԵѧϰôţܿˡүӵĻҶԼ񱻹ؽԩסһƵġ
үдҶպҲڣΧһСƺţֺ
ֻƣֻһһζԵ衣
ùĻƾ˼άҶке˷ܵʣҲӰ쵽˵˼άˮƽ̫ܵȻѧȴڿѧߡ
಻СҶѣүү࣬ǲǳɾʹҵĸٰҶһöүӹЦǳ泩
ݳҶĻ֮΢鶯һ£Цݡ
Ҷ壬;øƽʱȽƺ߰Ǿʵ壬ǲʲô鷳ˣ˵Сֶııÿ˵Ļ˵ˡ
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Сһıߡүӵ˵ҶԴȻ͸˵˵˵Ҳ޷͵Ǿƺ̸ˡ
ǡ˵ͷ㽫µϸڣҶ渵
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ЩǮתڹ˻ˣǸСҲŶӳ˹Ǳ߶Ҷ˵˰൱ӣǱǣٽˣУˣϵͳˣĴھԺУоְĿǰѾȷй¶ȥ鱨ĳЩͼվսĲԼҩľλõȵȣЩǷǳе鱨½һηµ飬ϳ¼ҵλУҲ޷Ϊѡ
ߣֹ޷ѣүӽеľƱصضϣһǳҲǴ֣˭ôõֶţ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵үһֱԳ䲻ȻҲܹгί½³¶үӿ϶Ǿüġ
̸һҶܹӿճλն񼸸ʱ򣬶үӾͱʾؼλռסһͿˣ̰̫Ҳã˼ޡ
ҶΪȻȻͬ־Ծӽǳģô˳ưһ˽ҲԵֵģҶѾڿδʮʮĽӰ⣬ȻֻĿһһصĵʧ档
ô궼ûдһ̣ӵѪԶûжˡܶཫӶ򲻳ӰɣҪŤתһˡүӺ̲ס߶
Ҷû˵ʲôȴҲ޸пƽʱھӽӦô㣬ȷʵҲһ⣬νսսΣһ˶⡣


118 ҪҶã
ҶȻǶھӵսĴǣȴҲ˵˵ʲô
ǶүΪίʵϵĵˣҲ޷ʹָһƿؾӣʵΪСɽͷʢУھԼСȦӣ϶µƶĸҲܵǿοִƶУڸ߲ж޷һ
ҶӡУƽأκһǿĹңܲ߶ŵĵ·ֻǰǿǾԣгռ죬ֶԶԻ࣬ʵһģΪ漯žȡ
˵̵ľ޴֧ţƶŵ·ҪԲеļ뵶ƬԶŷޣԲпɿڿΪÿһṩ÷񣬰ľǶԵг¢ռ죬Լ޶Ƹ
ڹڣڸƣûγ˽ʵľ¢ϼţԴⷽ沢ûжĶװճЧ棬˶ģҲûһ漯ſƶӣִ裬Լ⣬ζܵѹҲеⷽΡ
ö֮һ֧Ѫ֮ʦȺ֮䱻ĮˣҲýԣԺԣ͹ľϺܱߵļСʲôպȽڡ
⻰Ȼ֮úܶģвٹ߷༥˵ǵ͹˹͹ľк˵кǱͧ޼ʵʲôģϵ죬úԶһȺں֮ڵСԱ⡣
ǹƴУԴĴǣ˺˵Ǳͧ޼ʵ֮⣬ǻʲôܹóȥģ
һս˺ܶ˰үЩп˵
ս֮ǰܶ˻ǿ˵ģķų۱һˮװëȶеսʮİս֮ʦ˵ɨжҲ⣬ķĺԸǳΪжϳȥ
ǿͳսΪ˽ܿѵĿðΣգɳĸսȺԶƯ䵱羯졣
սĽҵԤϣ˼û֯ʲôĵֿɫз˼öԷ֮󣬷ϵͳһʱͱУ沿ҲǶףһ·ӻ˰͸
һɳĮ籩ı˺ܶ¹۲ҵ뷨ӵϢʱˣ
һϵҲܶ࣬ڲҲˡ
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û̴ľǿɱģԸС͹ľҲܴ죬һĽɳʿȱս飬أ󲻵òϽǰһ֡ү£ɵЩ
ⷽúܺãսսѷ淴ǲô̴Ǯ׬һǱһսӵõ˶õ˼飬Ҳչʾһбǿغձ򵥣бˬ𣿡Ҷָͷ
үҲ˵ڸ߶װϣץûǱȽϽģֻڳִòڿһʧ󡣡
û̴򣬳ȻֻҪά־ͿԣûӦгȻûзȷʵͷʹޱȡ
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119 ŭ
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ֳίǴǳ䣬йίίǰ쵼˳ί׳ίϽβθγ½н齨ĿٷӦ˾½ƽнЩȨһȨ
֮⣬мλٽУűװĸԱҲܹвʮңЩϳ¼άֽλҪ
Ϊôǿ֧ţϳ¼ҲܹҶҿ⣬Ǹҵԣˣ˭ָۻ룿ȥŭλүӣ
ʵϣϳ¼ҵҲȽͻȻڽѸͷչġ
˺ܶҲΪϳ¼ҵ𣬺пǷͬ־߽ͬ־ʶҶھеʵһֱͨ
ҶҵھУһ߹ʵʵӰȻǳڵ£ƱزھһҶ˷һҶҵľȨڱС
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Ȼ˵ϳ¼Ҳǽ貣˺ܶҪٹ̵ҶȣҪһЩ
ΪھУҶҵЩŵģͲ֪ʲôʱʼѾҶҵˡ
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ͳǰλι쵼ˣȻĻȽأȴǷǳϽȲҲ˷ѣҲϹע⣬ֻζϱȽһЩϣҶҸ򵹶ѣ˵ϾûΪΪ¶
ԵľǶԵģľǴģһκ˶޷ϡ
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120 
ʱȻ˵ҪҶԷ
Ҷ룬ԼѾܾûгȥֺһˣӦ
Ҷ˵ĵط֮󣬾ͷѾ߶տʲôģʰϵʰϣЩڰŪǸ졣
ҰҲǸôĶҶʱżŮ˿洩⴮ȻͿĨϡ
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Ҷүڳ䵱֮ƺԵЩãȻӣһ⣬˾ӦĲ֪е顣
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ѽͬ־ˣʱЩȣ͵͵˵
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ͬΪίԱίǣȻҪҶүСʮ꣬죬ʵĸҲǵڿʱڵԪϣλȻȽԺգ˶ҶүӺͳУҲ˿ûоɫ߶ߥޣеֵ˼
ǣҪֻ̬ҪáЭϯԷͬ˵ҲӵĴѹסͬһͷǲ˵ػ
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λίԱǣҲǸеЩΣֲߣҪֵ֣Ĵ֪Ӧܻǰ
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ҶүӸҶ绰ʼʱ䣬ҲǶʮӵʱ䣬Ҷ͸ϵˡ
ܹôѸٵشӾҰĵطϵ࣬ȫ˾ֱҲҶһγֱھϿѲ
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֮ܶԾϿյķϼָʾҪһֻҲõ׵Ĺ᳹
ӿпǣɫЩͬζʱǲݳݺɵļڣȥ˻ɫ¥֮⣬̵Ҳ٣Ǹڽ֮еĹأڵ洦ɼ
ھõķչǺܼЧģȻ䱣̧ͷ徭ܵ˱ȽϴĳЩطе˽ӪҵɲȥƽˣǴ񾭼Ȼڿٵطչ֮С
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֮󣬰ȫԱּһ£ԷǸŮԣʹʮңܸӣֻδ̫ϸһЩزλһ飬ŪҶЩΡ
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ҶԼҲǸǲ˵էһĳҲʧݣϾȲίԱҲǴǣôѹסӣ
仰˵ǽǻκһλίԱĻҲҶ̫࣬ʵ漸͹߲쵼ˣһϣʵ̫ˣ
ҶȻҲĸоһۿҶүڵλгίмλȴϡӡίԱʵίԱǣҶҲسһ£еʹ˵λкã
˻һҶʱЩ㵡
Уͬ־ˣƺЩζз°͵зҲر𡣡
Ҷ޲ԼԼ£أôôһƺ
ҲֹţԼ֮Ӧúʲôţѵǡλ׳ãǻ߶ͱζˡ
Ȼ˱ʾƽϵģίǷͬͱʾ飬ƤЦⲻЦʵСҶͬ־еĽз۵ӰƺϴİɣһŶôǣǰʲô˼أ
ҶһۣǷͬҲûоʲôѹ
ͬˣҶǱȽ˽ģȻ˵ǾίǣίԱҾ˵һ쵳пܽгίѡҲǸͬ־ߵñȽϽһ쵼ˣҶʱȴûʲôѹ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ͬеţеѽͬ־һ׳Ҿ˵˽µһЩСѾǵýͬ־ǳˣʲô
ҶҲ˵ԼǵòͬٵùҲ̫Զˡ
ͬ־ϵ࣬ɵ̫Ӹ֮ͬ䣬ɱҪһЩССĳͻģͬΪֹţ峤ɲʱˣ˺ôȥ
Ҷ붼֪ȵͬ־λһˣһģȻλڼ̫үķͬɡ
λھӰķǣҶҲŶλͷǺã
ۡںȲ裬³ƺ֮һڲˮʱ˳ҺǰûˣҪȻĻľеˡ
ոշͬҶë˵ƺͷӵģҶǸˣͷһʣҲʲôûɣѵ˵һ׳þôѲɣ
Ҳ¶Цݣʱ䳤ˣȻһҶǸеʵҲͦĵģҶҶүӵӣ˵ʲôŵĻҲ޴󰭣ӼԱʱֳ´ĵö䶼ϼˡ
ֲͬ˵СҶһУһͷ⾿ʲô˼ţǰǵϴ󣬻ʲ׼ڼң
ǰʱ̸ʱе¢⣬ͷһʵʸͷ࣬Էͬ˵
ȡҶүӿһ಻á
Ҳģ˵һίǣߵݣͣӽϾʲôһص֪֮ô
ڷͬΪˣҶүҲúܣֻǲԸƽ϶ѣϾҵĳڹ͹ĳ޴ףȻ˼ҳˣ۸˼ҵĺˣϾҲǲʵ顣
ֻǷͬһٵԼҶҶүӵзǳ񣬴˼϶ʱࡣ
ͬ־˿ҶүӵɫȻҶүӶڷͬǲãֻû˵ѣвɵõ˵ͷͬ˺ܺѡ
ҶʱҲӦգͬëȻҲǺܲˣǰҲˣ㻹ű
ҶͿ³ԾӲͬҲûжѹǱ˵֪к;ͷһ˵ģҪۺ˵ףȴ־ĺڣ
꣬ôİɣ
λˣʱõһ۾ίԱίǰһСëӾȻ͸ֱˣ
٣ͬҲˣֻôݵλߵġСǶڳҲΣ̫ʧˣֻýŭ˵˵˵⻰ʲô˼
νУǴһܶ쵼ͷǶ彨޴׵ͷˣʶͨϰնڹ쵼˵ƽ񻯿һƣ϶ôзŷ˼˵ϰǶѸλ쵼ɺԴˣҶһ֮󣬺ؽָ˷ͬ˻ͬΪͬ־أѵҲҪΪ˼ҵ˵Լǵڰͬ־ʶҲɣ
㡭ͬ˴ŭһʱ֮侹ȻҶָסˣ֪˵ʲôá
ۡһЭϯˣЦҶϣ˵Ҳϴˣ
ɫǰһԵĳǣλҶһžԶԵĳүӣڳˣҶ˵˵ǲǱ˵ģ


123 ǣôôź
ҶͬʱҶүԹۣδ廰
飬ǳҪԸԼҶĻᣬƽҶүһļλУ˽ͬ־ڣǵ̬Ȼ϶ɽۻҪҶүӺͳԾʤΣ
˵쵼ɲŮĽ⣬һֱúܲ
̫Ϊģģݳ˸ȽܸɵֶӣҲ˸ˣ³ҵ˵쵼ɲԼҪϸֻһ棬ŮĽͬǳҪһͻ͹˴ǳõӰ졣
̫ȻǸƺλϽĶӣΪåŻǹ˵ģܵҲ٣ʤö١
ҶүӺͳλгί֮սҲΪ֮ⲻܲ˶Ĵ澯裬ԼҺԺǧҲð
һԺʧ𣬵ʱǻԼܴ鷳ЩһֻѾ̤ȨȦӣδǶĴǣǰԸԼҪ֮
俴ҶĿ⵱У˳ޡ
ԭϳ¼ѾΪ½֮ͨ£˾޴ò֧ͬҶƽֲίһְרҵûа취飬ǵ֪ԼӳѧĺͳѧΪҶ̫֮뷨̾ͱˡ
ƣҲҪҶ֮ԷҶƶҶƽֵĴ㣡һأŭˣҲʲôֹۣҲϳ¼ҵĺ·ƴҪҶүǴһս
ʤ˵Ļϳ¼ҵıֵŤת˵ĻǾͳ˳̨ˣҲӣҲûʲôָġ
ͬ־ع۲˵ı飬һ⣬ǾҶүӲûκεľ֮ɫһǵı鶼ûУ˷ǳɣ˶Բߣǹأ
ͬ־Ҳ֣ļλǶԴ˵ҲŨңƺڴҶҺϳ¼ҵĶܹӼһЩ
ŭյĳ䣬ƽ͵Ҷүӣͬ־λһУɵ̾˿Ҷүվ̫࣬ס
ڽ鵱Уܲó䣬߽ͬǵʣһɣ
վڽͬ־ĽǶ⣬ϳ¼ҺҶ뽩״̬ģһҵȥƱػĶΧ»֣ʱǶٵͷʹľһ׳
ҵĿⶼҶϣСӻӦԣ
Ҷϳ¼ҵӣôҶүҲǱסģϾǷιҰоҲǰ裬ץҪץеҲҪУһж¡
λҶһڣˣȻ
㡭һ£ָҶ˵ˡ
ⲻ۸
Ϊгί֮һǴǣÿϵĵжٲӰԱͨУٲ˸һ͹쵼ˡͷζö֮͹治ʶǵˣ̫ˡ
ҶΪҶҵӵܣȻ˵ʶ䣬ⲻǰ˳Ҫ
ˣǱ죬˵ҶӹȻϬȡ谡
һڼ򵥵ĶŹ˵㽻о𣿷ҪֵǴҿֲ˵ھȻСȻ裬ⲻԼԼȥ
λǴǡ˵СҶ㲻ʶǣѵҶʶ𣿡
٣ƲҵȻϵҶٺһЦֻô൳͹쵼һãǸ˶еѹһѧִ棬ЩʧҲİɣ
޲ݸĵ⻰ȻеģҶ˵ƺûôĳˣֻڣȴûпĽʧ
Ҷ̾ͻһòǳһʺ
Ǻá
á
ϯá
Ǻá
ֺá
ֺá
κá

һʺù󣬴ҵ϶¶飬֮Ϊ͵һ˶ϵõΣҶϵãôܲϵóأ
Сӣصӡ
Ҷôʺǣͬ־һѪָ⡣
ܴķ潲ҶӦ©䣬Ͼ˼ҲǴǣгί֮һ͹쵼֮һݣӦõõ㹻صġ
Ҹֲ죬ΪʲôҪкҶȴǲں̶ֱ׳رʾҵĺ״ҵ˸ҸҪ
⻰ƺҲе
֮еļλԵͷ˵λҶҶٹȻͬһ㣬û·ʵг񣬸Ͳ·ƣϱǣűߡ
ССͣôļʶȻǽŻӣѵõ˲ţѹַͬ־ͬ־ڿ佱ȷʵܲһ㡣
⻰Ҳԡͬ־ֵǸ̸еʱҲҪһЩҪڵģСˡ㻹һӣδˣҲƽ
Ҷˣ̷ǳصתųڵλãؾص˵Ǻá
ڳ˼ϯ˲豭ȥˮϵĲĩ̧ͷ컨壬ƺĻƶҶүӼޱ飬ǳ£ȻҲܵҶΪĸȾ
˵ίԱǣҶǹҶƺûпղŵһĻ
㿴ǿʲô̬ȡıӶ챻ˡ
ҶղŵǸɣȫǰ׷ϵԴģм쵼Ϲڵ𣿶ôأ˵һǳʹ
ҶСӣҲʵ̫ˣ
ͬ־Ҳüͷû뵽ҶôѶԸԼԳһҲֻķǲֵȶ
ϹڱȽ¡أհᵽֳãҲʵе̫ŵˣҪ˰֣ȫףð˼ҳֱӸȥˣ
ͬ־û˵֮ǰҶүӾͷˣܲơ
ǣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡҶүӽ豭ص輸һ٣һһ˵˵Ӵӣ˵û¶ҪʣҲ˸㺰ˡûиò֪ܸģӱϹˣѾ御㻹Ҫѵøͷлﲻɣǣôôź򣿣
ˣɫͬһȻǱͨ죬ȴǷ˵
ҶˣɵİоүӹȻսʲôʱ䲻ʲôʱһ֣ʱÿǸոպãȻ֮
ȻҶҲǹԼӦμҳ䣬ʧ̬ôĻ³ˣ·ǳõӡ
ʱҶүͻȻ廰ȴòˡ


124 Ҹ¼һ
ǣôôź򣿣
Ҷү˵仰ʱĺܶ˵棬ǰԽкõġ
仰ʵǺ˺ܶ˵
Ƣȷʵܲãһ䲻Ļ˵ǹʽ򵥴ֱԻ㱨ϴɫͲֶˡ
һЩίԱǣڳǵɣǱȽпģֻ˼λ֮һǴǣ˭ҲԸ鷳¶Ƚ϶ࡣ
ܹ⼸λһαӻһһƴɱλӣѡͬϳ¼ԣʵڲʲôõ뷨ҲҶٹ̵Ĵ壬вĵ
ˣΪڶ׳ҶүӣǺǳǼ䣬ҲʲôĵĴ¶
ٴһѹˣȻ˵ͬΪ쵼ˣҶүӵߣߣҲߣһ׳ͬ־ҲҶϣοһĳ䣿
Ҷүӵǰ¼һ㲻ʲôǳ棬ҶүҲο˺ܶĳ䡣
˵ģǵΣǱҴһ䣬˵Ҷүӷˡ
޹صĻͲҪˣʱ䶼ȣ˵˵ӱһ¡ͬ־òȥһͿأǾͲ廰Ҷǵ˵𣿡
ǵӣʲôϵҶҡҡͷֱ˵رʾ¶Ҳֲ֪ϵӣôܴӣ˭
ǡͬ־ҲеĨҶװɵҲϴʹ죬ҪڳȻûʲôǵôǵˣǹҪˣҵʱ䱦أѧĺͳѧ䡣
ŶԭǣȻϵáҶεûзϣ˵ͷֻû뵽ǳǵӣ˵ʵڻǺ񡣳ǿȥһòãѧĺͳѧͲˣѹûǾȻҲ֮󡣡
˵˳ѧĺͳѧֵܣд£ͬ־ʵ
ǵȷ˴ˣҶ֡Ҷܴ󷽵˵֪˭֣ǲ˵
ôһ˵ҵĺֱˡ
²Ǻص飬ûж֣֪鲻Ҳǲõģа䰸ɡίǷָͬ
ǰȻģ֪ʱΪ˳ʵҲýʱʹ˵ܹϴɡҲʾ
Ĳ󷽱˵ҶҶүһۣЩԥӡ
˶֮̾еز¶пܸҶүйϵ˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ͵ˣ͸һڹ쵼ǰˣǹ
ҶϣڣСҶ˵డͬ־˵
ҶүӶ豭һڣȻ˹˵СȻ˲˵ģ˵ʱʲôѴô׳ѵԩ㲻ɣ
˵ûʲô¶Ӱ쵽ǵΪ룬ǲ˵ΪáҶȻֽǹһתտڲԵɸ˳ϡ
ʲôܹӰ쵽ҵ̾ͷôͬ־ڳͰ˵ҵҪǲĸҵߵڰף
ڳˣʱĬˡ
϶ˣҶ䣬ϳ¼ܣкƽĿԴڣȻ˫ѾಲҪֳһӮġ
ҿṩ֤ݣô֪ʱʲôֻϣǲҪڡҶ֣µҲǰ˵ã۷ʲô飬ûϵ
˵ǡһ֣Щͷ˵
治ţҶʲôϾԼӱôңҶܹﲻɣҪҶµģŲںҶʲô֤У
ŤͷҶүӵʱ򣬾ͷִҶүӵУȻ¶һ˿ɫֻôһ˲飬ܿͻָ·ʲô鶼ûзԼǲǿ۾
ǣҵ֤⣬˴Ҷ򽭳ͬ־΢΢˵
⺢ӣҲˣееġ
ͬ־˵ͷԡ
˳ȥ֮һλװŮ˽
ǺãҶϺããϯãλ׳áλŮӣƺ˶Ϥк֮󣬲ŵضԳ˵һ䣬үӣá
үӣʶŮӵʵ٣˳ƺ֮Ͼ¶飬ȼҶʱҪһЩ
ϳ¼ҵϱȻϳ½үүʲô˼
ȻǴΣѵлʲôΪ֪Ļɣ
ȻеЩ⣬ô
ĳ֣óе¶ƺЩʧˣԼϱΪʲôͻȻǴңȻ˵ϱ͸¼ҵϵܵȴҲڼԼͺүӡɣ
⵽Ϊʲô
Ҷһݶﵭ˵һת˵ǰЩʱҵ﷢һЩ˲飬Ϊ漰ҵĸ˽ûҲҶΪ˱ܡֻû뵽ݱеƫ˹Ҷ֮ܲԩӦܵɳʹˣţҶΪˣȴ˺ڹһ㣬ҲòһЩóԱλ׳һ֪
˵Щ֮ȡһ¼Ȼ¼˵྿Σ档ֻϣҪóүӿ̼ϾүѸߣҲáԾڴˣճŸλ׳ڳ˳һ£Ҹ¼һϣ޹ϵӴ˺Źţ··ɡ
˵֮ｫ¼ϣһ񣬱ͷҲص뿪ˡ
Ȼˡͬ־¼һµΪʾʣҿ˫ͲҪˣ˱ˣΣ
ȻͷȻ֪¼澿ʲôݣǼҶүһ޶ԵӣҲ˵ʲôֻЩҲʵݲ
ͬ־ͷҶȥԱ߶ķӳҹۿ¼ݣʱʣҶҶүӣг䣬аԴε߶ִַûиȥǵȴ
Լ˶ʮңͬ־˾ͻˣɫȽء
Ҷϣͬ־ͬ־֣رʾ֮϶ҶûйѧĺͳѧֵˣӦǾȡ
ʲôԴ󾪣Ҳ£˺ܲõĸо
ͬ־Щؿ˳һۣȻ˵ͬ־ܻЩ뷨Ҫ֪࣬԰̶¼ûؼ棬Լǡǵ۽⣬ҲԿͨ˾;
ӽͬ־нӹ¼Ȼеӳģƺһֻ˶ħС


125 ǴĲһ
Ǵ֮߳󣬸еһɡ
һζѹǻһš
ӴԺϳ¼ϳ¼ң˵Ҹ¼֮Ĺϵα仯ǾͲŮܹĵˣȥķɡ
ԺУľƬͩҶס⣬ʹ԰һƬǹֱͣû
˳ȥǰľƻͣ
ʰ÷ǳɾѾгʷľƻ¶ľͷıɫһȾڷͬľƵķ˼ݱ־
ｫȹһݱֽ˻ȵδȻббؿ棬ȥһݷݵ־
־Ȼֻ߶־ȴҲνġڲΡ
˼ݶ֮ûжȤˣֻŽ췢顣
Ȼ˵ϳ¼ҵĹϵޣûзѧĺͳѧֵͼSM飬ҲṫȻϳ¼һޣҽôҪ֤ݽҶϴϵ
ϳ¼Ҵ꣬ûһ̸֣ʱգ˽һ
ڽ˰ɣȻһʣҶġ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ģ᲻Щؿϣһͬ顣
⣬ӦúúõϢһˡҶ˵ȥʿѩȥ̩ݰݷȥռɹɹ̫ȥܱǺܲѡ񡣡
ŤͷҶ¶һ˿ɣ˼ҳһӣ⾿ʲô˼
ϳ¼ҳô飬Ҫ֮ˡҶشΣȻ˵Ѿϳ¼һ˽ޣֲ֮Ǳ߶϶ǻ׷׵ģҪǲ鷳ڹҲԡ
Һͳ¼֮ĽжҶȻǲģҵӰҪڵطϣۿֽҪ뻻֮ǰĹؼʱڣϳ¼ҵ̿϶ٲˣϳ¼ҲҪطĴ֧֣ҵҲǿǵ⡣
Ѿϳ¼ҾѣôҺͳ¼֮ĺǷܵӰ죬ûģֻӰж󣬻δ֪Ҷܹ϶һ㣬Ǿҿ϶йͨ
ĿǰȻԼϼȴһʱ֮ѴӰ֮߳ȥҶŻὨȥһӡ
ȵ湻ˣڵҲƽϢˣǸʱٻҲҵĹעȽʡһЩ
˵ҲеͷһӣڵͷͬȻЩǣ̲סͷʵҶֻʮꣿ
ҶҲ˵˳ִԼ㶵һ£óһſƬӸ
סһȻҶ֤ĳдú￴һ¾Ц˭յģɵ򣡡
Ҷˣޱȣһѽ֤˻ԼĿ㶵У֤Ƭˣһ㶼ǳ󻯣ټЧһŴ̿˵ͷסÿ˶ڷ֮һˣĿ
ֻ֣©ǷԤֱӾͰ˵סˣҲܲЦ
ͥԺģȻҲû˹ǡ
ܹԺӵˣݶΪ⣬ԱԴҲԸ棬Ҷ˲ȥĵطŻ˳ֹ
ȻһĶ洫˳
˶ʱƬ֮Ҷ˵֪𣿡
ҵһô֪ɫ΢ص
Ҹȥʣ滹ûԹҶЦЦ
ܶӰܲڻͷȥǴҪԵİɣҶүӲ㣡һҶʵ쿪ڽأĵط
滹ҪǡҶЦ
ﻹΪҶʲô·ӣͼȻӣŤƨ
ʲô̾;ˡ
һжЧ̴Ӳ֪ʲôطܳĸˣֽѸ٣ͰҶΧסˡ
ʲôأϿƱڵЩŵضҶ˵
˵ܹˣǾס˵ģҶôŵģȻˣǵһμѹǻ˽ˡ
ǴĴǣɾЩ𰲱Աʧְˡ
ҶЦһ£
Ҳûб˼ǵĶӶˣҲֻòñȽϼ˵Ķǳ鷳λæŪԵģòãҶŵ̬ʾ
㡭ͷһλˣʱЩЦãô飬
⻹治ʲô¶еһλ̾뿪ˣҲǼӵʱ䣬˹ĸУһСĲֱͰ
ĲһҶ˷һȻ÷ǳ£ɵø˵رʾллҵҶǬϾͿˣҶ
ԭҶϵӣ
ˣԵͷôľͺ˵ˣƶḹ̣ҶôӢˣôô٬ѷݵӣǲۡ
ʱее˼ڱ뿪֮Ҳͻָƽ̬ùһ˫ӣȻһظҶ᷹ʳ
˵ܣôҿӵԣ㲻·ְ
ĢҼеģôͱˣ
˵մĿˮĶôܳԣ

˵θڴãϵķһɨա
ȵԱ߳ʲô֮Ȼ˵ҺȻеЩˣѵۺתóȥ
úõģΪʲô뵽תõۺҶЩʵ֪ۺһֱܲ
ۺֲһֱܲ˵սھ߶ĺǸĳ˻Ա֮һǹӸǵĶۻ᳡Ȼ˵ҪתҶĸеЩ⡣
Ҷתһ룬뷨
ۺֲܹ˳˳ˮϳ¼ڱӰ϶ٲ˵ģѾϳ¼ҹϵѣŹţ··ˣȻһסۺֲȫڳŴһûзӦȰѵۺתóȥȡһʽõѡ
˵ԸҲϣϳ¼ٳʲôϵ塣
ɴתøҵˣҸ˿ӾУˮҶۺһЩչǰ;ģǾͶ˵
ʲôʱˣһ۵ȴûзŭ
ģ˰˰ɡôһҪһµۺʱԻҪˣͲôˡҶɫ
ˣǵ˵ͷΪҶ˵ȷʵе
ʼգ˸ûᵽתü۸⡣


126 ȹ
³ѾȽȡ
еȴʼ˽ⶳļ˹עֳίǴǳ򲡲£ʴ뿪ڵĹλ
ܿԳǵҪ߶ͬ־ڹȥʮмԭΪľ޴ףҶԳͬ־ĲοʣͬȥǴǡֳίίԱ˳쵼λ
ңӦǣйίγͬ־κ󺣺ٿ֮ǰйίԭйίίԱͳίǣ˳쵼λꡣ
ԴˣἴʹΪڹȥʮ䣬ίͬ־ΪҸĸ￪ҵ׼ײߣ˺ܴĹףίʷʹѾɣͬ⳷Թίͬ־Գߵľ⡣
ѶҶеıֽ˵һ䡣
ԹҴµǹĵĺܣԼô࿴ŵԡۣԼ㷢һЩ֪ʲôĶͿĨȻȡܶҶ֪ӦýʲôĹ̶֮ǳӡ
ҶȻػش
楣ҶȷʵǷȥϵĴСС飬ϴӲʣǴӴϰһ£żһͶʷʲôģȻһЩĻ߲Ľ顣
һζʱ䣬ͶʻǳƵһƤһƤƷʳ˹ȥȻһƤһƤĿۡսʺԭΪץʱرͨһսǴĿꡣ
ǰЩӣҶƽͬ־̸֮λиĻϴ촬ؾͿʼˣ촬ԶֻͬʱҲһЩˮǧҵĴĿǰԺں촬ļ˺רǧѾפأͬʱȫصļ˲Ҳʼأڽɵϡ
Ǳ߶õǷǳģͶһԪȥܹԪʣҲҡ極Եøˡ
ʱԭΪԼΪ˼ҵһŮʿͻȻʱתΪվҶҵ̳˱ŮˣƿسԪʲԽпóףΪϴ촬صĶ³ļš
ѾʽȥĻ֮⣬ѾΪҶ˳ʮԪ棬׬ǮٶȷʵĻ楸еԾ
ȻˣҲûҶҶҵ񱳾Ҳôʹϣǲô˵׬Ǯĸоʵ̫ˡ
һ֮ƣҪͶʽ軪ϴ촬ص뷨Ͳǽɳ̲ϵĳǱһʵʵڿԲĴ͹Ŀ
ʰͷ֮楻һɫ黨ȹԵķǳ񻣬ԭ΢תһ£ȹƮҷǳ͡
ôͻȻȹˣҶһۣЩʵ
極ͺܺãַǳۣƽʱȹֵɫǣڴûȤľͺ٣Ϊ極ʱŮ裬ǳǹƵ֡
ٹ˽飬ҶҶҲùԴһΧǵ״ЩڶǮţҲ±˵ʲô˵ǹʲôģо鲿̨ϣֻҪ˵һҪʲô齻ȥ
гȹֶǳȹȹԵúࣿ楻شԼȹǱȽġ
гȹ˰ϵģҶ極Ļ֮󣬾ȻЩ֮˵ľƲð
гȹƲãʲôϵ
û˵ҶЩʵһãȻ뵽ǺҲûĹߣΪ಩ʿ֪ȹۣҲǿ½ģǾͽ͵Ů˵װ̺һЩѧԭ1920ʱ򣬱ݴѧѧΡ̩һ۵㣺ʱŮ˻ᴩȹΪҪҫ˿ࣻòʱŮ˿ֻ࣬ðȹ߷ųۣα֤ʵ1920÷٣ȹӿʼ̡ʱ٣ȹٴ̧ͷ1960սؽɣŮԵȲŵؼա1970ͨ٣ȹС19801990øգȹ͵ķо˹ָгƸͷŮǵȹӳأȹӱʱ˹ָ֮ȹӱ䳤ʱ˹ָµ
Ŀɿڴļٵİ
ӦЩġҶЦϣõķٳ̶ȺŮԵȹڳȳɷȡ÷ʱڣŮԵȹڻԽԽ̣һ˥ʱڣȹ֮ɳȹΪ״ʱ벻࣬ŮԲҪöȹԣͬʱŮҲ࣬ãóȹ
ҲЩ極˵ͷҶ˵ƺô¶
۾һô˵ĻƵǿŮװӰҲǺܴģԵͶķװϣӦҲòˡ
ӿɽ̣ܹһˡҶصͷ
أ˭һֱҪţ楰Ҷһ۵
Ҷѵõһ죬ֽ
Ȼ極ǳˣȻϴķǳȻҶԼڻһս뵽ܿҪȥͬ־ȥݼɣҶǿһԼ
ֻԲȦȥݼпδ˵ĳɣȻʲô⡣
㴩Ǽ·ȥأ楴¹з˷ЩرȻţɫɫ̫ǲǸ䡣
Ҷ極ı֮ڣҲ˴İطҲ㡣
һֻڲ¹棬Ҷ·ϰټ֮࣬ȥˡ
һЩTȥˣͬ־ϲݻҲǰ԰šҶ̧ͷԸһ
ԸһɫTǳɫţп㣬˳㻹˴ñ
Ҷ·֮վӣմմϲ˵Ӳɣֱһ갡
߰ɣʱ䣬ĽͨԽԽˡˣʱһЦҶƳ˷š
ҶЦȥкԼı壬һͬȥɽׯƺӣүӵլۡ
Ȼ˵ûǵĽͨ״ȷʵȽϾȻӵ˽ҳܶ࣬ǽͨѹѾ͹ԳҶԵؿһ£ʱ֮治Ч赼δнܸصĺ
ҶĿ͸ڴеϾŮʱɵøпһ䣬ȻдȹӰ
һˣɵ÷˷۶ҲһȹӣɫŷɫС֡


127 Űݷ
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ͬ־վڶ¥ϣŴɽµС·ĳӣƽضԳ˵
ٶҲ̫ˡЩп˵
ʵϣԴӳ֪Ѿ˶ϳ¼ҵ֧֪֮@һʱϳ¼ң˳ֻ̨û뵽ٶ֮졣
ϳ¼λеʵǷ˼ƺϳ¼Ѿɥʧ˶־ɽһҹ֮佭ɽɫ
˵˵ϳ¼һΰͬ־Ȼµʵ
Ȼ˵ͬ־Ҳ֪ԼĶӲǴǿϣǰûбˣҲ⣬Ҳʶ
ϳ¼ҵʧҿʧǾɱҶΪҶҵĺҶҶҵۣû飬ҶҲδؾͻϳ¼ȫ֡ĥŷоϳ¼Ҷӻ̫Ϊ˲ڸ飬ǽ֮£ûʲôԸ֧ǣҲǰ֮һʵҵǾãûзϳ¼ҵĻӦܳŵùһΡ
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Ȼ˵¼飬֪˺٣ڳгίίԱǶǿģȻ֪ʲôݣͬ־ΪԪϣȻ˹ͨ籨š
ʵɱҶ飬Ȼ˶֪ˣҶͬϳ¼ҽĹУȴδڵ̸̨
Ȼϳ¼Ϊ˸˲ٵĴۣ¶ֻΪ˫֪һڣδҶԼҲϡ
ôܣصذӽ£ôᷢ־ɱ飿ֱǺ
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෴ϳ¼ӱһϣľͲˣʲô¶ȻҲܹᵽǴȥ
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Ȼ¼ҶУΪǿ˵˳ϳ¼һޣҶǿǴһͬǰǴȻЧԣ汻״ȥˡ
˵ȥ֮󣬿¼֮󣬵Ѫˣ˻״̬ҽԺȫ֮󣬲ѹѾǰҲǵȥ쵼ְҪԭһСžûĿڴȥˡ
飬ΧۣƤٺҲûͬš
Ҷһֶ÷ǳƯͬ־˵Ҳɵ̾һ
ֻܵһʤѵõľԼɫõΪԼ϶ʤʱ򣬳һͿصĿͷǲġ
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ţͬ־Ӹ£Щζؿǡ
Ҫǰס֪Լ״Ӳϰһֱֵڣ̽һ䡣
˵ͬ־ͷôֱӾͽƷ£ֻҶ˷Ž
ˣǽɡͬ־˰ֵͷѾȫˣЩصǲصôˡ
ǡɵ˵ͷ绰ʾ˽
ҪȥǸҲҪȥҶָ˾׼Сͽ˳ҡ
Ҷ٣ҪҰҵϹܼ˹Ц˵
ֻһزѣ治ʲôҶҲЦŻӦ
ϹܼҶ˳Ҵլֻͬ־ȻһţںȲƷǳ⡣
үүãáҶʵʵʰ˹ء
ãáүӵ˵ͷȻʵүүҲðɣ
гƴֽͳүүǣҡҶشֻ½ߣѾǰ֮󣬾Ҫʽˡ
ҲãҲáͬ־ͷȴû˵ʲôĻ
һˣ֪ҶүΪҶƽ·ˣܲøţĻҲ̫һЩӰ춼á
ǳΪӵͻȻȥĻҶүӾ˸没˼ֻҪƵȶԼӰ죬ԲŽƺһЩ
ȻҶҶԣҶүӶͣһʱ䣬ʵȶҲкҪӰ죬ҶҶİţ㹻ʱȥ
ҿղŴСأʲôöңͬ־Ȼʵ
⣬һزҶشүүĪ˹ƴܾãӦӦǵĿζԾ˹
Ŷͬ־ˣȻȽϸȤҶЩʲô
ҶóһѾ׼õ嵥ͬ־˵˵ز࣬Щ⣬Ѽģ෱Ҵܺʣ˵и˹ζĴĻܹ̾óζ
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Ѿͷ¥϶˰죬վˡ
ҶСӵģܳҶ಻ڻЩ಻סҪһ档


128 Сˮ
ĿǰΪֹҶǵһش档
һȻڲ淢ײ¼ǵʱ·ͻȻҶԷݣƺǿһ⣬˦ӸҶЩɢ
Ǿһζʱķַ֮һЩת
˵˲飬ҶҲһЩģƺԼСһЩĴкϣ߱Ķóż뵽
˵Ҷ¼Լ֮ҶҺϳ¼֮һЩ֮Ȼã֮еӵܱȽƺҶ൱ˡ
ЩУ˳Ҳ˧ʱûдʲôõоǴܵʱҲĳս֮ʤһ˵ϳ¼ӣܰǸŵ߲УⲻһܹģϾ˵ϳ¼ҵҲǴ֣ܵḻ
˵ӵܵĻɱҪ·ôΪʲôһõĶأ
ҶǱ߶ھô֮ҶҲϣܹúѧϰ˳㽫
ԣҶһεɽׯƺ֮С
Ҷȥʱ򣬾ͷֳҵĴСȻǷ绪˫Ȼ˵Ҳܹһϸ£˪Ҳ˿ѷɫǴȻҪʤһ
極ϣһ֮һ֪Ůӵһʱ򣬾ܹ뵽ʱ֪ʶŮԣƾ֪ʶı˵ĵ䷶͵Ů
˪ϣһֵŮʱζСұ鶯浾һڼõĸо
ڳС㣬ׯسʱҶƺһλĹǡҴ塱Բи񣬶һλ̬򷽵Ĺ˵ǰ
ϳҵɽܳɫҶһ߿ų¥һ߶̾ţôɫջҪҶĳ˰
Ƕ˵һ壬ν塱˵֣˵ҪһйʵŮӣǶôֺķǮƣҵҲҪãڼе˳ϣȷʵõ˷ǳ׵Ĺ᳹
˵Ҳ֣ϳҶﲻ٣֮еĳɫȴûмǼжǷ֮˽ܵĳƺš
ҶĪǳҵȫе˳ϣ
Ҷʱ򣬳ҲڿֻҶӾûҶǿҶѣԣҶⲿҲǷǳġ
ΨһеЩģ⣬˵ȥĻǻЦһ˵ţ۲ʲôĹֻʵʵҲǱҶôһѡ
СѾͷһҶĺӣҶͬ־ƺҶȽ⣬ЦŶԳ֣ʾԼԡ
Ҷá߹ȥ˳ͬ־ԣȻǳŵҶͷ
СáҶҲ΢΢ףֵһʿ
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ҶʱͷƿؽƺģһֻˮңͶסԼͣתһ룬ҲȢһŮţĺɲдƷĿҪСöࡣ
ôһ룬΢΢ЦɴҲܲ˽ȥȻȡˮе֭Һ
ˮңۣϸ֭ζŨƤװڼܣʹ˻ζԷˮΪȫ֮Ȼܹʹȡ֭ˮң͸Ϊ˵ֻмĶԲһСطܹĿǰһҲǽܹعƷѡ
ͬ־ڵڵĵλߣȻҲܹĴЩ˳СĶ棬ļ֮á
Ҷһ߶֭һ߶Ŀ濴˹ȥƺЩԵ˼ֻĿ峺ϬʱȷʵеԲס
ҶͽԼĿųСλ˹ȥݰף޳˫խ϶ȣǰ¡ľ߹ģȴʱ˻ȥӯӯһգ¿ʱ򣬾ͼС˫ڳȹ֮УֻܹСµķ⣬һ˫㴩ƤʵɫЬֺ׸ͿĨźɫޢɫ΢΢𣬿ȥʮϲ
Ҷ´ţֱӾζ˫ܣɵ泩
Ҷ٣ĿƣҿǺˣ֪Ҫؽ𣿡ȻǱҶôһҲûڣɵЩյ˵
ԼţʲôҪģҶ
˭ˣдӦʲô𣿡Ҷ¶ҲʼԼķڶʲôˣ֮¡ϺͿˣҲźͿ֪ŮΪٵһҸ𣿡
С˵ҲȫȷҲҸġҶʾ˲ͬ
ҸֻǼǲҸģûбҪΪ׷֮һĿԣҪðŸߴ֮ǧŰپʮŵľ޴հɣͶıرġƺȰҶԶ顣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˾ϲսѶȵ飬ȻҸô֮ףӦúúõغǻǣ
⺢ôôأһָŶͷۿѵǵñС˵ǶεĳӰ쵽Ҵ˵ĸġ
ʲ飬˵ôܹȷҶʾԼķԣͺǳС˳ˮһȥë׵Ĳۣ˺׿ȥƷ֭Һôܹ֪֭Ƕô䣣Ȣϱ飬Ҳͨģһԣô֪Էأˣллˮңĺ
㡭ҳˣȴû뵽ֱôϸһ뵹ҲЩǣⶫҲǿȥһԵ𣿣
ǻҲܹõĻôԿľԲҶ档
С㣬һȻеģǵĽǷܹʵһζϡҶȻˣǳϿҵضԳ˵ΪһˣҪԶŮ˶ܶ࣬ʲôˣӵʲôܹŮӸеҸӵҸأ
ˣûгԷ¶˼ı顣


129 
δؾһὲԵԭ򣬵ǱĻҸĽȻڳڵʱܻжݵۣǵһ㶼עҵճ
ܾǰƶް°˵ٵ֮ҲС˵ˣʣˣԲŻа°Ĵڡ
ƺ֮֮飬ʵȴȻ
˫ļͥ⣬ôǳɾԵ֮Ҳ˽ͷöʤգƺҲǳǳࡣ
ǸǳŮӣ̷Ҷ˵˼֮С
Ҷ˵Ļܲûж⡣
ֻǷǳ̹ʵ˵ȦŵһЩʵѣǳļͥҪһˣ治ףԵȵļ֮ͥ䣬һ߶Ρ
ڳĹ͹ָĴ֮ڣûһŮֻбӺʹѹ³ǳ̵ܹġ
ҲܹԼδķҪ̳ұϢӵ֡
ôһ֮󣬳Щط֣ܹԼҴŵ׼Ǻ
һϲˣԼҲȥƽĳԷںԼļͥôпһ˽ˣԷںôһӶڳҵľ޴Ӱ֮£ⶼһעԱ緽ʽճĸϷ
ߣ˵ҲЩɡ̾˿ע۲Ҷһ£Ҷʱı飬ûʾһ˿һ٬꣬һټغͳȣвɵΪ֮һЩʧ
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ڳϳҵĴС㣬һ֮ŮҶڳ֮󣬳һ˿òȵ֮̾⣬ʣµľϧˣŮӣ˼壬һɵһһӶûʲôĵʱ⡣
ԶԣҶԼĳ֣ǳת˻ᣬҶΪԼǳΨһ䡣
ȻˣԼȳôһĻҲͲôˡ
˵ֻǻŮһϰѣʵֻҪǽˣѿ˷
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֮ЩԥֻˣС𣿡
ΪĸףɸΪĵŮҸĵΡ
ֶҶǻȻ޿ޣԶڳ֮ϣһ޷ιâδ֮ǣǴӻɾͺܹãŮϳҴСӺݣҲδؾܹѹסһͷ
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Сû˵ʲôͷĻɣЩе׷ʵ
ȻûУ˼ҲͰŮе뷨֧ѡ淭˷ƤЩ޿κεػشϸһ룬˵ĻȷЩ
ãⲿȥ𣿡ʵ
ⲿӦǳͰɣھҵУ滹ûܹȵֻҸоеâ¶δؾǺ¶ﵽһĸ߶֮ǰ̫ҫ˶ûʲôô
ɵͷʾͬ
Ҷǲ٣ڵͣǾǰչֳڳ˵һ棬˹ʰ䣬ֻʣһҫ۵Ļƴҵ涼ͬײǡ
ⷽĿҲǷǳ׼ġ
ⲿˣôڲΣûһĸоʵ
һ˵ıԣô׵ġҡҡͷ뵽Ҷı֣ԼƺɵĿԼӣȻ˵һ䣬ٲǸαӰɣһЩĶҲˡ
ˣ;ŮҶۻǺܸߵģûͬ˻ùۣ˵Ҷȷʵ߽Ů棬ڻǷߵԺ󣬵ǶϳҺҶҶԣҶһøУпǸıҹϵҪ֧㡣
Ҷ֮ĺȻڱУһ޷ϵġ
Դӳͬ־ϳ¼֮󣬳ϵӰȷʵ˺ܶ࣬޷ͬ־һϵԿڽͬ־ӰҲࡣ
࣬ڱֻнͬ־ͳĴ֣ԽԽǿڳͬ־ԣҲһҪؿǵ⡣
ΪͳһڵȨǱģּȨҪһķΧ֮ڣĻԵȨ׵¾Եĸܣǳͬ־޷̵ġ
Ҷҵ̬Ⱥ֧֣Ե÷ǳؼ
Ҷͳ֮ӱϿ֮飬ʵԶһ룬ܹͬ־һģͨҶҵıȨŬƽάһȽϺʵĽڵϡ
ĿģҶĻµȻܵӡ
ԶԣɸϣԼŮܹҸҪġ
˳ɺܿͽŮҶĿｲһ顣
ͬ־֮󣬾Цˡ
Ů۹⣬ͬ־еЩοú׼
Ҷڵ⣬ȷʵǳЩǸ棬Ȼеָ㽭ɽƣǽķչԣδؾʲô¶Գָһ㣬ҶĳɳǳҪ
ϧǣǸŮӣĻϳҲԵصϾŮҪ;Ļ첻㣬ܹɹҪĴҲ̫ȫûʲôҸԣϳϽδڳδϡ
ʵϣҲΪ׿βϵĳ룬ϳҵľòӰ죬ȴûж˿Աȵϵġ
Ǿɣ˼һ֮󣬳ͬ־˾


130 УҪ
ꣿҶյϢʱ򣬺Ź⻬°ͣĥá
ϢҶƽģʱϣЩοؿԼӣȻǱȽ⡣
ϳҵĴС㣬ең൱кӣ϶۰Ͱ͵سأϣгһգֻܹ䵽Լϣȴû뵽ҰôãȻҶûибҵëӡ
ϢǴ˳ȥĻҪһص۾ɣ
ȻϢ˳ȥҶ̾ͱʸ֮ˡ
ҶȨ죬ҲֵסǼƷǵĽʺޡ
ֻǺгġᵽ¶ҶƽٲҪԳɳƵ䣬֮ǰĹͨУŮٹ꣬ҲʲôҪ󡣡
ҶͷϳһȷʵģҲҪ
νĳ޷ǾǵҶеͷ̫˼ϣܹͣꡣ
ͷ̫ʢȷʵҪһˡҶ룬óҲûʲôԵģܻгͬ־˼档
ζʱ棬ҶȷʵЩ̫ԾˣȻ˲˻ܹĶУһ˿ģֵĵǣȻܹҶҶҶϳ¼鵱У𵽵á
ôһǶıһĴڣҪ˵˵ûһɵҲǲܵġ
ҶҵλүӿҶĳҶ˵ףڱҿǿɾһˡ
ûбҵôֶΣѣһɱѾܹþӢˣֱһ
ǸҶ߹ĳɳʱͿռ䣬;ҶӴԴ;ʮ꣬˭ܹ䵱Ķ֣ǽʱƵʮ֮ҶҲʮ갡
;ͳ쵼˵λϣһһȥͬԿ
Կ϶һ飬ҶĴڽڸֵĹ⻷Ϊһڡ
飬ڸ˵һѣڹ͹̳Ҳһ޴ĳȻռλĹ棬ҶĳֻɺܴĶԾеɺܴĳ
ͬ־ǻǲСģͬͬ־Щ굱УȻڵڵĵλȹ̣治ûԭġҶƽƺ˳ҵĽ飬ҲЩοΪҶܹͣؽܴ˵ģΪǳ̫ʢΪԼȷģ˶ϵĹŶ
һţҪǲҲӦøôҶЦڳͬ־϶ͬģƽͣ꣬ЩҶԣ治׵顣
ҶһصļҪһ㣬͵ˣڲ¡
˼ҶѳСˣҪʲôôѽҶƽˣʱЦЦУȴǳԵ֮ɫ
ҲѹˣҴСĻ£ɲǽô򵥣СĹҲζųСķ̳ϳҵŲΪĴˡ
һ㣬ҶƽΪɵĺѣȻúܡ
ЦԼҶȻСȴЩͿʱΪ˼ҪЩڻҪױء
˵Ҳʲô£С
ɲô˵ġҶȻôǳʵҪ˭ĻԿܻԼǱ߶ҶҲãһű˵ţ˵迪Ǳ߶㣬ǴˣҲܹĳЩ˷һЩ
鰡ⲻ󣬻ͷҸ˵һ˵ҶƽҶ֮΢ĥһ£Ҷڽָη
гί棬ϳѾȥְճһλãƹŽͬ־˳Ǵһְʽ쵼˵Уʮͷͣ˵ǽ͹쵼˶ǰữ
棬Ҳ˳ڵݲһλίԱλú׵ؾͱҶƽҲҶζʤֵ֮õĵ⣬Ҫ֮ǰԤϱ˺ܶ࣬ҪָǣίǺͬ־ѾȷϻιԺְʵʸԺճ񣬶岻ʵֻץһЩ£ҲӰ˵˼
ʮίԱҶƽίǣΪ͹貵һ飬ı仯ƺܶ˶ʼĥˡ
ҶиڴˣȻҲҪ濼һЩĴʽ
ϴ촬أȻ˵ںͬ־ڼ俪裬Ǿɳڿ϶ҪҶƽڼˣԻϵʽ𹹳⣬Ҳһرֵùע⡣
ҶϣΪĳЩԭ򣬸Ҷƽκ鷳ԣɽ迪ṩһִʹҵȨһڹеУƺҲһȽϺõѡ
Ļһ캽ĸδ󣬾Ȼ˽˵Уи߲Կ˵Ҳİ
ЩҶںǷԶʳؼҪ£ǵΪ׬Ǯ
ʵҶڵľʵʮԪʽѾûʲô֮ǣؼ⣬úЩǮŬȥһЩΧĻҵʱ򣬲Ϊһ̯Ӷͷöɣ
ȻˣҶҲĳɻΪԼ
Ҷմ˳ɵıˣóŮֵôһʼױϸһ룬Ŀ棬ҶѾͶ˴ʽȻĿˣ󻪶ϼֻôֻĿҲԲǮ
Ŀ϶е׬
ҲΪˣҶƽҲԴ飬ܲܿԼѳɲǣ˳ĻԺ˾Ҫ׼۽ˡ
ԺҴҾͲˣרæҵĿԣ֮ڲڡҶҶƽԼı֤
ôҺοҶƽʾԶӵ̬ȷǳ⡣
ʵϣҶƽѾ˶֣õĽҪίһְ˵ǹΪ貵һǡ
ôҶΪҶƽĶӣ϶Ҳ˹עĽ㣬ܹҪǣòˣҲҶƽٺܶ಻Ҫ鷳
ȻҶƽ̸ͬҶĽ飬ϣ迪в뻪ϵĿ֮󣬳ûôǾʹӦʵڻĿҲһЩоȻ֪ҶڸϳҹϷ֮٣ôܹأ
ѡҶŮ͵ڽϳҵδȫиܹŻǻ̸ʲô
ʱҶǽӵ˴Ҷĵ绰
϶Ѿˣڵۺֺֺǰɣһ绰еҶƺǷǳ˵ӡ
ϴҹȥҶش
ΪʲôǹһӲŸ߿𣬲ذԼŪôŰɣҶЩֵʵȻֲһ䣬˼Ҳ˰
УҪˡҶش
ëҶˣʱסˡ


131 ȥ
ëҶˣʱסˡ
ʲô˼ѵ˵϶ѧϰѧɵ˲ɣ
Ӧһѧʶɡ
Ҫã϶ôˣܱĽƶȸŪɵˣˣҶжôˡ
ܹôڣΪҶصһˣҶʲôӣҶҲûʲô¶
϶𣿡Ҷɵ׷һ
ҶˣʱЦˣ˵ôʻģ˼Լ˵Լ
ͺһǷһ˼һֱӱһٵģû˻ΪԼǲģֻǱˡ
Ӧûɣ֮⣬û˵ҲšҶش
⻰Ҳ˵ʵڣʵϳҶ֮⣬ƺû˸˵ҶҶҶٲô۸İǳף͵ǵ͵۸
Ҫȥ㣿ҶûҪһҶȽϺһЩһܵܣҲȷʵЩҪҶźá
ˣ¶ؼ˵ǡҶܾ
ҪôȥۺˣطҶͻȻ뵽Ҷƺۺеˮԣÿһιȥʱǻᷢһʲô顣
飿Ҷʵ
飬Ҳûؼ˵㻹ǳɡҶĥҪȻһң;ƵΣҲ
ˣȥۺɣҰѵۺˣܲܰǮ˼ȥǣҶڻǴӦˡ
Ȼ˵ҪԼϸҶˣȻûбҪеĹӸҪеģҶʲôѰҲ˵
ѵۺˣҶ֮ʱһ
ۺжҶȥѵĳͣȻģҶӣûиǧҲ̲϶ʲôʱôǮˣ
ѵ˵һϳ¼ҺҶҵĶԾУҶҲһЩ˲ɣ
Ҷ̾ȤҪҶзϢҲһĺġ
Сʱֵ֮ڵۺɹʦ
ҶֵۺҲʱ䡣
ǸǳŮˣѰŮôô׾ͷϳ¼ĺݣϳ¼Ѿȥڹ͹УȻŲĥĺۼӰҲһСܹġ
νֻԶԣ罫ϳ¼ֳһλôӴĹϵӰʱգֻһλϣʶĴĴӵеʵ
һǧõ߳ɵĹȨҶҶ˵
۸񣬵ҲҶˣ˵ͷô㵱ɶǸŮ˺ǿƵģҲκ˵ӣǾҵĹǣҲƵߡ
Ҷ٣۱ˣɲʲôΪͻȻ˹
Ҷһû뵽ȻɵЩΡ
ﴩźɫ˿߶ȹȴһǳɫСģĳе÷ǳۣѩ׵ļ¶棬һĸо
ƿƹص輸һ٣ò輸һε۵죬ȻҶղŵĻǳ
ҲڰʧԣԷҶ֪ǲŮˣ˵ʲôǴ˳ȥһ۸Ů˵Ҷٵ
ҶǻûкȾƣˣﵹҲû˵ʲôȻֻһʱѣҲΪҶ˳·Ҷ䡣
ˣСҲһҶЦžһĿȴ䵽ϡ
˵ܻὫԼĸչֳû¶ҵҲܹʵĹ˵ĸоӵ£͸Ƿǳ
ҶĿɨ飬Ҳûзʲôµĺۼ˵ļ̫ȽǾ˵ȷʵϡ
ϴﱻСƵʱȻҶҲϿ˲ͣ·ͻȻ£ûϸϸ飬ʱˣеʱָûжѣڿûôõĻˡ
ûʲô飬ֻϰԵزڶѣЩۺֲһܵҪһΣкĲҵҲÿһζʱ䣬͹ȥʲôģȻ˵ϰ壬һȺɻˣԼҲҪµĲҵС
һˣҶʱҶʲô˼
ʱЩУҰָո֣ҪӺͬ־İ࣬ȥˡҶ¸Ҷ˵һ£Ȼ͵һϣͣһӣʱͲҪĴ߶ȰȵذѸ߿ӦȥǡټԺöÿγȥǻǳЩǷԸɴ۲ΪС¥һͳʡø¡
ԭˣһΪɵأһҶԵɣʱЦ֣һϲɺص顣Ǳ߶Ҳ˵Ǳ߶ŮȺҲߣұȽ¶ʱŵÿʱȥǱ߶һ£̨ûõóֵŮ
ƤҲɡҶȻܾԼȥŴ󲮵ž͹ˣҪʲô
ҰȻǴ˾Ҳûְڿ˾Ĺ쵼֮һˣȻҪЩСҶ˵Ӧ
ʱ䲻ȥ椶ɣͱڹˣǹڵԴޣǧҲϱأһ㣬ռ˶ԴҶʾԼĲ
⻰ҲͬҶ̷ϵϴ˵϶лûбҵأҲŮţ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˿ھƣûзҶ١
ҶһιҶȴΪһ˼дĸʡ
һдĸʣ൱ҰҶԴ˸еǳܣҲ˼˵϶ʻӾ֪ͣۼ϶ţ˰˼¸ˣܲܳʱٰͬĸڿĥȰ˼ˣϾ϶Ů
ҵģҶЩؿҶһ۵
˵¶ҶûֱӾֵܾ֮䣬ܰȻҪģ˵Ҳʲô¶ֱױȽϻĵ˾ͳɣҲʲô顣
˵֮䣬Ȼе绰˽ȴ󣬡٣£Ѿˮõܵˣ
ʲôҶ˶ʱŭǸʲôģֱӰ˸Ҵһ٣Ȼ󶪵ȥ
УҶˣʱһЩؿҶ϶ղŲǻ˵Ҫһô˵˻ûʮӣҪˣ
ȥҶЩŭЩε˵ҵҪȥһһӲۣƻүĳƣ
ҶʱЦ˵֪һҪùˡ


132 Ǹʲô
ͲȱϢ֮ͨҲȱϢ¸ˣﱦԪ˵еһλ
ֻﱦԪϢһ㶼Ƚϴ󣬵ԳɽȻܸߡ
ӦŶǾϻ겻ţųܹ꣬ɹȥһϢĻõķ棬ﱦԪңϴꡣ
ֻ˵⣬˵ۺ
ﱦĿˣһλгĹӣһǰ˽ҵ񣬳֮⣬Ҳе̽˼
߲һЩ֣ϳ¼ҵȻճþǹٳҲ˲
һ⣬ùŽͬ־ˣҶƽ̵ԴһЩĵ⣬ʣµһЩǵģȻδؾܹλеУҲʤޣȡһֲԼĺҲǴ棬лмλãҲֵöһֵġ
ΪˣķһֱǱȽУطԱȻ̽鱨ȴԽɹȡõһֵϢüʱȷӦԡ
ﱦֻһͣϵϵȡȴ޵ĽһθкгĹӣҵУӦҲְ׽ͻˣĹϵҲǴͷǾίǷͬĹӷСͬ
Ĳ°ĲеĺӺ;ǵķ빫̸ҴһЩĻף빫һ룬ǵõԼҪĻϢȡ裬ڡ
ˣҪͺ׺
λӺԾͺȸˣơƺȶܻûţⲻ˳ȥˮ
ϴּģǽ˼ҷ빫ӣλԶ֮ϣӿ϶ڰϴּ䷽㣬ǾҡҡλεصĹϴּˮ
ôһһģȴ˸մҶõ
է֮£ȻЩ޵ĸоֻǿű¶ǻ𣬻ΪŮɣټϾƾͷȻ֪Ҫȥ
ȻǱСһŸߵ˵ϡ
ӱûôãֻǺȶ˵ˣֵ̫ˡ
Ǻֵ²ȱа¾һŭˣץһ߶̨ϵĸ߽žƱͰĺһҪŹʱ򣬾ͱۺıסˡ
ҶŶʱ򣬺ӵ˸һ˴ء
·һƣҲ൱գԱ߶ķëá
Ǹ۵ţҶ֮߳󣬿Ǳӣʱеǳ̾͸ʵ
ǽǵǸŬͣĿͶǱ߶
һ٣Ȼ󶪳ȥҶޱķԸ
ĸأʵ
һҶش
ǣ١ӦһһӣʹӲ֪ʲôطܳʮο׳סǾͿʼһᡣ
ҰǺ£ڵϣͷ󺰵
Ȼû˻ʲô£û˵ǻôһŶȴ˵ġ
ܣû¶ɣҶѹûж࿴һֱۣߵǱ߶еʵ
û¶¶е顣üͷش
·һãմȾһƬ·ǲٴˣǧǮ·ֻӵȻں⼸ǮǺջġ
Ȼע⵽⼸׳Ǻݣһֻ˵ģ־׼˿ˮﲻɵþȵʲôطıôϵֱˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵Щ涼ǻʵֱֻǱүӸԼʹöѣҲע˾Լµıͳһʹá
ĵۺֲѾָӲԼҶµıܲ¥Ժ󽫻Ǳǵ¥
ڵۺ¶ߵˡ
ҰкгǸҵţֻҪңǾ͵šѾͷȻ˻š
еĸгҶˣһȴû˵ʲô
Ҫ˵ǾǵĸгҶ߻ῼһ£ǲǸӣϾǽ£̧ͷͷģǲ̫ˣ˵еĸгҶ治øʲôӡ
ٹ죬ҶƽҪίǴӡˣίԱͳίְ֮ǴȨգһԾŶõںһг
Ȼˣëˣе²
ǰҲû˱ԱĶӣϳ¼ҾˣȻԸǷǣȻҶڽӹ˵ۺֲĴɶݣȴҲûбҪΪһС¶ǳô鷳
ʾԸ׷ˣҶҲΪ˰ӳȥˡ
ǺӼԷƺˣΪǱԼϰֵͷסˣȻ־ԣָﺰһ䣬´鷳ˣ̸ҵǸǸŮһ£Ǿ͵ŹŴ󼪰ɣ
ݣҶʱˡ
һССĸԱĶӣ˾ǾȻҿ֮ĺڣûеǣͲ֪ԼĹٶжС浱ԼǸˣ
򣬴ϲҶ˵
ҶԼˣʱȻ˳Ȱ
ҶͷһֹĲǱˣǾίǷͬĹӷСͬɵüͷ
ʱЩﶼϲһʶ֣˵ͬĶӽзСͬĶӽС̷ʤܵĶӽ̷Сܣ涼˵ģֻҪЩڹһԼ֣˾֪ԷͷڶԷӵϣȻһ·̵ơ
СͬӷͬƣھһǺߵġ
빫ӵѣҶ˷СͬһۣýڵϵĺӣȻѯʵ
Сֳͬһ˿ŭɫҶ٣Ȼ֪Ƿĳ˵ѣ㻹ôǲе̫ˣ
ҲǷ빫ѣҶЦһ۸С˲ɣ
СͬվҶһ£ô¶ܿЩν˵ΪһŮˣôҶٸӣ¾ôˣҲ׷ˡ
ˣ϶ʱŭɫ
ԭϳ¼ûʧƵʱСͬɲô˵ģﶼʵʵغһСģż죬ͱһŮˣ
û뵽Щ˵ıȱɫ찡
ң˵ʲô׷Ļ˭Ӧ׷˭Ⱑ
ӣҶŷСͬϺȻ˼Цݣҵĵ̶£۸ҵѣҪ˵ǣ빫Ӱ빫ӣ㵹ǸʲôҶŸ𣿣
ʲôСͬҶôһ˵ɫʱҲˣ
ⶼж೤ʱˣСͬûȻ˸ҲԼӣ
ҶţҲΪôһ飬͸Сͬײɣ
ϰֿǾǵίǰ


133 ûǸ
Сͬھ߶ǲСһ·ݣΪ
ؼ׷ͬͷȽϴ󣬵ǳʲô飬ӵһ϶ǳͨ衣
ίǵλ÷ǳؼҪ֪λþ൱ڹȥľˣȥƷȻߵģһ㶼бȽҪļζҲûа취飬Ϊǵϴٹ̫ˣûһȨ򣬸͵ѹסҪỹкܶǣЩǵ֡
Ծһ㶼ǻϱȽζõĹԱ
˵Ȼͬˣһû䣬ǾǾίǵĵλȻ൱ҪǶǹίԱͷζģĸ쵼ˣڴ϶зȨġ
ҪλãܹȵȻͬ죬ͬίһһ˹͹ΪǿƵҲĿķ⽮
ǰﱦԪֻѣûмʶ빫ӵ磬ѵüʶһأȴξίǵķ빫ӣίǵҶ٣ײˣ
λίԱĹӣλĸ׶ֱϽίǣνƾУҪһƣ빫ӿɾͲˣΪ˼Ҷһгίүүλ͹Ķ׳Ҫ˼һһүүִƾίȨ
˵岮ùǣҶҵĸϵ̫ïʢˣһ塣
Ҷ˸ߵس֣Сͬг˲죬ŭ
ۺʲôʱҶĵ̶ˣ
ϳ¼ַ˵飬Ȼ˲ΪίԱĶӣʱͬڳȻԴָƣ֮͸ӷСͬ˵ˣ˵֮󣬷빫Ҳû⡣
ǰĻ빫Ӷ˵϶ҪӸͷģΪϳ¼ҵͷ̫ѹסͬһͷڲͬˣ˵ϳ¼Ѿ磬Ҳϳ¼һˣһھû˸Ůӣ빫Ҫĸ
빫Ҳչۺֲͷ֮ûжֻ֣Ϊ̫˿ų̫ѿѣʵۺһսڣǷ˵УǾе̫ϧˡ
ǿӣƺҶѾˣۺҶĵ̶˵ﶼŮˣĻǴϣôϽ֤ύΪҶ˳ûڴȥ
ȻֿԲǺܴ󣬵ǴӽҶΪͷֿĺܲСѾһˣ
빫ӸҶٶţ˵Ŀ⼸ڿжײ𻨶ɱ磡
Ҷٹݣߣ빫ӿӣȻһ֣ļ£Ҵҵ뿪ˣҲûпڵϱĺӵˡ
ﱦˣʱһû뵽빫Ҷٵʱ򣬾Ȼһݻ˵ˣλҶٵж
˿ԾҲҪߡ
¡˵ˣֱָﱦҶС˵мˡ
Ҷͷﱦһۡ
ҵ鰡Ҿһǣߴŵģ׬ȶѡﱦҶһȶӶеתˣһƨ˵ϡ
¾£ϻٶ֪ɣԱ߶һеĹӣζŻ
ﱦ̾ͱˣʵضڽ棬ٿʲôֻڵ棬¶Ͻȥɡ
⼸ôŪһڵϵĺӵˣҶʾ
òˣȥǡҶش
ʵϣҶֵЩֶзִ磬Щһ׵ģʵܵ˲أһЩƤˣָܹÿ
׶ЩֱģȻú׼
ԸЩ¶ˣ˲УҲã鷳¶̫࣬ҶǵҪǣ¶ˣ趼ϲУ˽ʲôľˡ
ҶٵķԸһ飬ͰѺӵ⼸̧˵ۺţֱӾӵ˴ϡ
ʱڽͷ˺ܶ࣬Ȼֵۺˣɵ÷׷פΧۣͷƷ㡣
ŭڣǿվָŵۺĴƿڴǸҵţҺڵˣĲΪˣ
İˣ̾Źӳˣŵúӵɢһܵˡ
ģƨĸɲӵܣȻҲҰҲ˭ŵģԷˣֵת˻ȥ
棬Ѿ뿪ˡ
϶û¶СͬŸɣʲôôҶǷͻʱû¶棬ʱЩҶ
ҶھǵĽιСͬҲһЩҶСͬϵʱǵûг֣Ļ˳ȥͳҶҴٶһ۸빫ˣĻζֱˡ
ùʵûзСͬôһùҵùͷҶҶһƣΪ˵
Ҷһ£һתžҶ˼
ۺԭŵģϳ¼ҳϵˣϢò˶ãͻ׷֪ʱԵۺһЩ϶ˣ˭֪һߣˮúܡ
ϺӹǵպøҶһֵĻᡣ
һҲʹˣûʲô˵ġ
Ҿ֮̾һ飬ۺҶˡ
˵ˣϷСͬڳı䲻˺ӱˣ˵˼Ҷҵж㰡ۺĳӣȻû˸鷳ˡ
żһ£ܹžһЩ鷳¶ҶֶΪأ
СͬҲǵù飬ݣǸǰȷʵġҶͷӵķͷǺǿһгίɣĻһͷˡ
Сͬĸ׷ͬƶ̫ӵ죬ίԱίǣĻһ쵳϶볣ίģʱɾ˹쵼ˣĻҶҶԣ϶һЩв
ǷСͬ˱Ƚϼǳúܣһ鶼Ϻü꣬ӱʮ겻ʱҶ鷳ȴҲЩð졣
Ҷ뵽飬ɵΪҶǡ
ĺˣûǸҲûǸҪгίô׵顣ҶԴ˵Ǻ⡣
ĴƣҶǺġ
ͬ־ǵһЩ̫ӵܲӣΪ˳ۣеĴзСͬӷͬͬ־֮ݵ÷ͬһϸߵ쵼λ
ϳ¼ҵ֮󣬾ǵƷ˺ܴı仯ͬ־һһЩشȨʼ£Ϊǣгί֮еĻȨ൱ȻĻ־ķͬûʲôøУǺûбҶӡеְ̰ͬҲߵøԶˡ


134 
Сӣͣ˼죬ֳסˡү˵Ҷڵۺŭ򺫹һеʱ򣬲ҡͷ
ϢǴģǳͬ־סھɽׯҲһ
ʵϣÿһЩȽϸߵ쵼ɲŰݷã̵ֽͬʱҲһЩٳȤŻ߾д£үӣԹǲ֮á
ˣҲеЦ
¶һ˵ˣֻûнϢݵү߶ΨүӶԴ˸еϲ
үӵ˼ǺȷģҶӦó겻ҪǣҲǳүӶŮҪ
ڣҶûͰ¶Ժ󣬻˰һгĶӸˣӵ˴ϡ
⻹㣬ҶӲ˷ͬĶӷСͬ˵ԴǼѺá
һڣóүԿ
˵ͬү֮ĹϵпɣߵýϽϵ
˼ҷͬǻ㱨ͬʱҲҶ鷢˼ɧүӵʱȻû˵ʲôһЩõģǶҶǶԷͬǾͲö֪ˡ
ֻڷͬߺ󣬳үӶԸһ䣬շˣһɲ
뵽飬һʱ֮ղסүӵ˼ֻ˳˵С̫ˣӦʲôţͱﲻסˣͷҵøƽú˵˵¶
˵ʲôүӿ˶һۣ˼ҶҵĺӣνȻҶƽȥģڻˡ
Ǹ׵˼ǡӣЩʵ
ΪҶֻһʱ嶯үӺһ
ѲɻԤıˣɸеЩ㵣˵Ҷôɡ
үҡҡͷ˵ԼȨıһʵǲ˺ܶࡣ
ôֿʼˣҶƽӵʱһѵ⡣
ȻδؾһѪͷָűӺǳһٲ˵ġ
ҶƽҲԸѵӣֻҶүӵǰһԼΪ˸̬ƺҲе˵ȥ
Ȼ˵үҶ꣬ҪǣҶƽȴҲԼĿǣҶϾһˣҶƽϣܹ˳˳ƽƽسɳ˵иеȤһá
ҲǲԣֻҪֳУҶӵϣȴܸ飬ҲûУ˵極飬ҲδؾͲ᲻ֻ֪װ֪ˡ
Щ飬׾ˣ˵ûʲô˼
˵˵ΪʲôִܣҶүӳʵ
ǡҶүһֻۣȣϿʲô̬ɵðһǹ쵼ˣϲŭɫ
ڵ쵼˸ȷʵҶүһˣÿһǵɽѪƴɱģ̫ˣ̩ɽǰɫʣ쵼ڱʣҪḻʵ沿Ӯѡ֧֣ԱȽ͸ɫˡ
һ㣬ڵ쵼̫ḻĻòҵĺȲʣᱻ֮ԡӰۡĳƺţҲ֪Ҫˡ
ʼʱûҪ˶šҶһϿҵرʾҲǷ飬ʲôã۸˼һûûĹѸⲻԼҳ𣿣
۸ȻǲԵġҶүӱʾѾͷʵģֻϳ¼̫ˡŽôˣ
Ȼñ棬ССؽѵһ¡Ҷش
ֻССؽѵһ£ҶүЦҿ˵˼ҶǸӵˡ
ӵϣֻҵ¶ˣҶôģʵǺձ󡣡Ҷʾ治ʲô¶
ͬô¶Ҷүʵ
˵¶ҶЩʵ֪Ҷүӿ϶޹¶ѲǷСͬ˵Լʲôˣ
ڱ˸ǰֹһͬ־¶ұʾȫ֪顣Ҷүӻش
У⸸ʲôöҶƲƲ죬Щм˵
ȻҶͰѵʱ飬ϸظҶү˵һ顣
С̫ͬصˣǰȥ˵ۺʱ򣬼Ƕ൱飬˼ϳ¼ҾˣװʶҲˣ޷Ǿһů̬ѣ侮ʯ۸ˣ¶ܿȥڵۺ棬ҵǴɶôܷУҶЩ߷ߵ˵
ǵۺĴɶҶүüͷʵ
ҶŪ˲Ǯү֪ģҶүӶҲ˵һЩȷҶ˵ڵۺ˴ɶǵһΣѹҶүӻһ䡣
ŶҲû취顣Ҷһ̯Ҳ֪ڸҶϲñڣ¶˵ռҵĹ⣬Ȼ˵˭ôɣҲ˵Σվ󷽱㣬Ͼһ˽õ⡣
ԣõۺͳأıˣҶүӶʱˡ
Ҷ˵ͷĳԾǼȻΪԼģôȻˣԼ߶ƽʱҲûʲô¶ԵתõۺֲʱҶ;Խ֣ӽ
һǵİ֮һҲһε⡣
ѵ㻹иε⣿ҶƽһţԽЩ˼飬û뵽¾ȻһһȥֻһͨԴףȴһû뵽
ֻҶƽţӻиεĲá
Ȼб⣬ţʱ׼ĳЩġҶĻش𣬸ҶƽеЩˡ
˵˵Ҷүӵ۾˰ֵ
յϢҰ飬Щ˿Ǻ֣ܲ˽ĴҪƻ¶лģǷСͬ֡Ҷ˵
ΪȥСͬӣҴ麫гĶӣҶƽʵҲ˵ͨӣϵͲˣɵ뷨
˼ҾҪ飬ȥ˼Ҷӵͷ˼һҶƽڶӵ뷨е⡣
Ҷүˣȴ˼΢΢ص˵ͷ
Ҷţ֪үѾԼ⣬Ȼ⽪ϵҶƽȻҲھǴ˲ӣƽʱӵʱӶ࣬ζֶΣȴǲ˺ܶࡣ
ȱҲײģһıȡίһְʵϾҪȡĻᣬһȦǻۺͶֶΣӦöԵõĽչ
Ҷƽүӵı֣Լһı飬һתʱ¶ƺǱô򵥡
ѵ˵棬б˵ɣҶƽЩɵʵ
ԼӣȻͲ󣬿ȴо֮٣ѵ˵ñģ


135 ƾҲ䣿
ȻǱĵġҶͷش
˵ʵڵģΪбĴ㣬ҲҪ̫ͷ
˵ƽʱҶԶ˳ŵģŻȥСͬŸɡ
֪ͬ־ͶԷͬ˳ˣҶٸӴѣҲڷǵõ˵棬
޴ڣûбҪΪ˳䵱ǰ䣬ҶҶڽͬ־İѾܶˣٶĻеĸоˣûбҪ
Ȼ˵ҶҲеõ˺ܶջ񣬿ǱȽȷʵ٣ҶƽֵίԱõҲֱ׳
ЩϴҪҶƽί飬ȴҲδؾܹЧϾǸ߲۹ģҵõ˷ͬ־ͬ־ĵͷгίҲͨȻΪһЩСӣͳƫ
˵ͬ˴ʱҶƽìܣǼ޴Ϊ
ǣҲųЩ鷳ͬʱ˻һЩ棬ôҶһΪӦЩˣòһЩ潻ȷҶƽίǻóɹ
ҼȻ֪˷ͬ¶ȻҪӡҶ˵ϴǴӣھܼӵΪľҪһֱҶҵӶͬһίԱܽĳ
ŶԭˡҶôһͣҶƽʱˡ
ûҶ¶ôҶҸ֮ͬ䲢ûʲô֮ҲûʲôƽصľԹͬͷϣҶƽίǵķֻ˵Ǿ£¹죬˭Ҳʲôë
ڲͬˣ˭֪Ҷ˷Сͬӣֹϳ¼ҵǰϱڴǽͨģ˵ͬϾʹͷҶƽ飬ô̾ͻ˵ĿУһرС
ôһˣ㻹ָίι쵼
ƣԺָôء
ֵĳίίԱҲˣǲʳ˼̻ɣԼҲеСžţڷͬһƷصˣ϶ǲԸίȦӵġ
Ǵִ󣬾Ȧ澡˽֪ϳ¼ҵҲʣȻϳ¼ҷֿˣȴҲЩè۸İɣ
ͳȻȥˣв٣ֻҪǷһ仰ͬٵͻܶࡣ
ҶΪҵ飬δѰ
Ҷƽһ㣬ҲȺģȻԼĺãлûбҵѾʼΪϰֵǰˣѵð
˵Ҫͬ볣Ҳ٣ǳ׸˺ˣǷܹͬ볣ԤϡҶƽ˼ǵ
Ҷүӵ˵ͷƺͬ־ǰ޳ɷͬ볣ģϳ¼ǰͬߵҲмλȥͬ־ҲҲܲ飬ûдĻҪ볣ˡ
볣Ҷȴһм˵ƾҲ䣿
ŶҶүӺҶƽˣʱһľ㵡
λҶǳϢ˰Ȼгίѡˣ˼ƺҲõ˷ͬİѱɣô˲мأ
ѵ˵滹ʲô˵ɣҶƽʵ
Ǹӵ飬Ҷ˼˵Ҷһ
˵˵ҶүˣҲе档
ǸĹϵȷʵãõ鸾Ҷһ仰ʱλˡ
ð춼û˵үˣɫޱȡ
ôʲô鰡
Ҷ˵ͬЩ̰ܻߡѹ֮飬ҶүӶǿԽܵģΪЩʵձڵģκʱڶⲻˣٴҵܹܡ
ĸ߼ɲȻҪԼҪϸһЩԼļŮҲҪϸһЩǴҪԷģҪģҲҪҶˮĹӣ츣ͬʱ΢һԼҲ޿ɺǡ
˵Щ߼ɲ֮⣬ңҲʲô˵飬ֻҪǿǿľУӴˣϲʲôУⷽ沢ܽһй׵ĸɲڵء
ǣӶ˹鸾飬ڵĸ߼ɲϣҲе̫˰ɣ
Ҫ˵ô飿ҶƽˣɫҲЩΣû뵽ͬӾȻ飬˶ȾԼ䰡
ҪĻ϶ġҶĻشҲмɣûн˵ˡ
ƣ޳ܣҶүӺðű䡣
Ȼ¶Ѿس֪ˣô޳ܵĸأǷֵͬίԱǵίǣ飬ʵǿɶ
ҪսҶүӵĲ³飬˵ֱȥС
ڲ˰ƽƽվãҵˮƽҲˣνů˼ĳЩĸɲǣ׸һЩ۶
¶ʵԾΣҶүͣһҶɫ
ׯصѯҶȻˣ׳гίݣôҲȥעЩ׽Ӱ飬¶˻ƣ˲
ҶҲ֪еϵ̾ͱʾŶȻǺܸߵģȻûۼǸŮ˵֪
šҶүӵ˵ͷȻҶ˵֪ǸŮ˵ô¶Ŀɿȷʵܸߣ˵ǸŮ˵һͷҪõġ
ҶͷܿģǼӵ顣
ô˵ȻаյģʵҶûаյ飬ǹϵһܽгίɫҶүҲܲ¡
һεǴ棬Ҷ˿֪֮ͬͬˣҲؾʵˡ
ټһίԱ飬Ҷûеȥ̫ˣҲ⵽ڶеһ񣬵ҪһŮ˵ĵϸǻǱȽϼ򵥵ġ
ǳܿŮ˵٣Ҳȷʵ֤ʵһ飬ǾǷͬӶ˹鸾飬ȷʵ
¶ҼȻ֪ˣͲܲܡҶүݵû¶ԺСʵʵҴڼ棬ꡣǴʵߡ
ǾͲù˰ɣҶʵ
ʵϳͬ־ȷʵֻҶԼ׾нһЩòϣԾһЩ⼸Ļƽչʱ䣬׬Ǯûôˡ
ǴʵȻ㲻ýˣǣδ֮·ҲҪǰһЩ̵ˡҶү˵
ǰ̵棿⻰ʲô˼
Ҷˣһʱ֮ҲûүӾʲô˼Ӧòʲô¶ǼԼӳ̶ȸһЩɡ
ǲô˵ҶһηųȥĲϣһҪгίķͬԣȷʵһذը
Ҷү֪Ȼ׷Źȥȴŷͬģֻһջϲ
Ҫ볣ƾҲ䣿Ҷһ뵽ͬӶ˵̾ҡҡͷǲĳЩ˵ĳˡ


136 ָԽ
ϳ¼ֳ¶ˡ
ôˣ
ĹˣҽԺβΣ֪ͨ顣
Ŷͷȷʵеˡ
˵Ҳãϳ¼еɢ˼ˡ
˰
˭˵أ

Ҷһȴ̸ЩţоЩֵֹġ
ô˵Ҳϳ¼ҵϱȻ˵ַˣǶܱҪǿһЩͳλ˶㲻ʱĹΣ岻ãϣҲ¶һ˿˸
ˣģ˭Ҳܹ֤ԼػһꡣҶ״ͳ԰ο
˷ǲľ顣̾˿ӽ˽ե֭ȴûʲôȥ˼
׿ϳ¼ȫӣԼϵĲͬ⣬ҶڳͳҲûʲôرĶУϳ¼ҵλУͬȫ¶ɵĸ߼ɲԼȽϸֻǵ˼άʽе仯ʱˡ
ǵλ𵽵ĻѾСǶĻƹ㹹谭ǱȥˣҲǱȻеѡ
ԵɣҲţŲܺáҶ˵
˼ţţȻ˽⣬Ҷ˵һ˵¶ˡϴ˵ҽܸ׬ǮĿţ˵
ҾһжûбҵСƨܸһ׬ǮĺĿҶЩͷʵ
ǰһӵʱйһӵ뷨ϸһ룬еˣϾزģҲûôõｻܵһȥˣӦ
Ҫҵһ߶׬Ǯһ߶ҲԴĵʱ䡣
Ůһҵ֮УںܶͿõˡ
ҲϣͨҵķæԼĸйȥ
뵽Ҷһ£˵׬ǮĿԽܸ˹ҪҶʵ⡣
Сƨֳŵ㲻ƨƨҶе˵˼Щ˵
Ҷͷʵ׬ǮĿܶ࣬ʺģúúĥһȲ̫ߵļܺɵ׬ǮҪɸѡһˡ
δ굱УĸҵķչģҶȻһ⡣
һӾͱҶסˡ
ҶͷȥţţȾһ°ɣ׬ǮҲô׵ģûкг飬Ҫ裬ǿɲʲô¶
Թڵĸҵչһоģһ֮˵ⲻûشʵֻҪǹڵľ÷չҵ϶ͶʼֵϾڵľڹⷢҶԣȽСδͻһϴķչռ䣬ֻҪͶʷ⣬ַ߲̫Ͷĸҵ׬Ǯ׬׬١
ܻһġҶЦŵ˵ͷʵͶʵԴڡӲҵҵǱȽǮ;ġ
һʱƲƲȻûǲʵʰܲҰɣ
ԴĿȻ׬Ǯⶼǿڹеģ˽˿ˣǲͶ뼸ʮϰٸڵʽȥʲô¶
ھͲҪˣϾͲȻ˵ĳЩм˽еĲҵȴҲֱĴ忪ģͱ˵ҵĽ迪еȵȣôת
˵ӲҵͼҵȻǳҵҪʽͶ룬ͬʱҲҪܶ༼˲ŵļˣ͸޷ڶʱɵ飬ѹûпǹⷽͶʡ
˵ˣ棬Ȼһڵʽ𣬵ҪͶ뵽һЩȽҵУˮƯҶ˵⼸ҵȻãȴʺȥͶ
ƾŮ˵ֱΪҶڶӦгˡ
ȻҶţ֮òͽ˲ͣ˹˵һҵҲǷٷչġ
ʲô׷ʵ
ҵزҵҶҲû
˵𷿵زҶİʵ極ĸ죬Ǹ㷿زģĹ˾ھҲñȽϴұȽϺõһӡ
ǷӰҶȤ󡣡ҡҡͷ
ھ濪زȷʵܹ׬ǮڽڣԤ۷ܹʽ𣬾֧ŷݵĽ죬ԼҪԤ֧ķãȵӽˣдͻˣ۵ĻǿɾǴˡ
Ҳ˽⣬òʺԼΪû˴ڱֵ֧ĻǴõأǽ赱еһЩǱҪӦ鷳ʺӪ
˵ˣһڵʽҪӦҲѡ
ûȥǷӡҶ˰ֵӸǺ֮ҪҪŴ
ϻûаװŴķӣ˭ȥס﷭˷۾
ⲻͶҾҪȥŴҶЦ
ŴˣʱЩ⣬ʲôгǰô붼ûס
Ͷʽ޷ǾҪߴģˮߵģŴֶȻÿÿҪرģȴʺͳһ滮֮е˼ҵŴе˼ҵŴСеǲŴҵ
οŴ޷Ǿ࣬һǴͳľŴһǸֲΪܵŴǲһ࣬ӹ鷳Ҳʺϴģͳһ
ڵҲ֪ģҵ̫ˣҽơסЩĿѾˣҽƸĸסĸڱˣҲһʱ⡣Ҷ˵Ǯ˵Ļĵһʲô϶£ЩסһӵˣһǮȾҪһ״ӣúõ̹һ¡Էزгӭƽʱڣô׵ʩҲһʽ
뵽ŴȤҶ
Ҷͷ˵ֲŴܷԲãӹҲ㣬Գǻᱻ̭ģľŴȻкܳʱʹʷȴЩأһܴǣľĵ̫󣬻ٳɶĻľ൱˵ġҪҵһ͵ϣӹҪ򵥣ʹҲãҼ۸Ҳ̫ߡ
Ĳ𣿡ûйĹ飬֮ʵ
УȻˣҶ˵ţͽһϴƤȡ˳Ƶǰ
Щϣҹ׼ģȻʱЩִ٣ǵҲȽȫٿ԰С򷢵
ܸͲģȻ￴ǰ˵֮󣬷ǳȤɵ˳


137 
ܸŴʮĩƿģ1959꿪ʼ
ܸŴõṹȽϼ򵥡ֲڣ1972ԵԴΣʮЧϺõܸŴõ˴ʹãҲƶͲߣƣԭĵǻͲķչǻǻͲģҲŷŴķչ
ݲȫͳƣ¹ܸŴʹռŴгһµʹҲܸߣʿӢȷҲϵļͥʹãܸŴʮĩʼ𲽣ÿʹʴ15%ϣĿǰ޵ʹŴձ̨¼¡̩ȡ
ڵܸŴ𲽽ʮĸŴأѻ̭
ܸŴǴ1983豸ʼġ
ߵļ⣬ԼƷλȾأڹڲûʢ
ôֶ￴ϣЩȤҶ
ⶫ򵥺ŪҽгǰǳáҶشⶫȷʵȽϺŪֳɵߣһȽĸͲļߺŴװߣҲһǧңãúܡ
˵ĵǼ򵥣ؼⶫ֮ûгҶȫǲǮҲ͹ʮߵģһҲһңװŴܴﵽʮƽףôȷ׬ǮЩɵʵ
϶׬ǮĺˡҶĵر֤
ﻹһЩԥҶ͸¶һϢǰίμڲȥ˺ег¶֪ɣ
ŶҵȻ֪˵ܸʲôϵ˵ͷ
Ȼйϵˣȥ˺֮󣬾͵ίίг˳ҪһġҶʾ˵һκδӹί֮Ѿ̺·Ҫгˣڻúܣڳ
ŶһڶͶʣҲ㲻Ϻܴˣеˡ
ҶҡҡͷܸŴڽͲƷڹڵɭԴÿ£߲Ѿʼ⣬ܸŴĴ֣Խ⣬ԹҷҲһҪǣںľƣŪһںţ˵ʲôҪúԺίܸͲĵʹñȽϸȤǰһӻᣬ۹飬ֻû½۶ѡ
ԭˣû뵽Ϣôͨ鶼ָơˣ̾ҶͼɵЩ̾˵
ԴʵֻҪһЩϢȻͻЩĵáҶڰֵ¶Ҳץ˽У߷飬Ѿȥϵˡ
ҸȻΣĲ졣üͷ˵ôؾǣڵͦģû¶ҲԸʲôʡǳǷ
ҵûôעҶ˵ҵŹȥ¶û˻᲻Ӱɣ
ǵġЦҶٵھˣ̫ˣûһ𡣡
ȿȣ˻ǵ͵һЩȽϺãҪ㶮𣿡ҶһͲɵЩЦ
Ҷٽֵ߳ܣ˷ҹӣ鸱гڵ飬ñȽҶ֪үӵҶһɫһ˳ͻ˭Ӷ൱֣˾ǵЩ̫ǣڿഫ˵û¶ҪҶʡŪԼͷһԴС
ϾҶȻǿƣȷʵСģлûбҵš
ǸȷʵҲе˳Ҳͦ˧ȻЦ
㲻˵𣿡Ҷɵ
ǰѧʱǸӣʱӱ˰ˣϴ϶Ƚܻ죬μ˺Ƿһӣǰӵ֤ϽѼһЩƬһͬѧΪܣͬѧСȻϽˡΪ¶Ρ˵˵꽭Ůʻ¹ʾ˵ҪѺ󺣵ĹӸץ
ǸҲ֡Ҷҡҡͷ
ʵĸﵱУӴӵ鶼ϱĲϣǱȽѵˡ
ڵűȽǶ顣ȻҶţ˵֮ǰݹϵԸǰʱֳ˺ܴķ粨˲ʮʱˡ
¶治Ҷû˵¶
û¶͸ŵĹ¡
ĸڼϺҵùվֵ˳˲ٿࡣ
ӢĺȢ˸òĹΪޣΪİְǾίǣ˭֪λĸڼȻܺ죬˰ﵹ̨֮󣬾վӵˣˡ
ʱѾھѧʶ˵ʱҲͬУƯӡ
ʵ˵ڶӵݣҲʶλƯĵڶӣǼ޸˺ĶӣҲСӵϱ
ʱĺڶӵĽ÷
ֹϵǡҶʲôСӡ÷ʲôģеԴҳһ࣬벻ͨôЩϵġ
һȥŮĶ˸ˣͣȢڱ˹顣˵ʱǰѾһˡ°ˣǷ»ֻҪͷһ죬ͱؾǡͷѾ̨ˣ˼ʸôﶤҲû취ֻܹԹԵܵ˺ȥĸг
ǣû˵ȥҶɵҡҡͷΪֵ
ʵ˵ҲСˣʮ꣬ҶϰҶƽҪ΢һҶƽѾ֣ҽҪίǣõĸ쵼ˣ˿ȴֻǿһ¸ʡеĲ࣬ʵ˸п
ľᣬƻǰϣӲؽ;ʮ갡
пп黹ҪģȥаҵǲԵģô˵ҲͶʣһ̫СϾڵͶʰھһӣҲ˵ˡ
Ҫǽ飬ɵˡ￴ҶЦϱǳƯٲõʱ䳤˻ᡣ
ϸҸ飬ֻûһƲأ˼ҳҴС̫ߣѡ˻ڱڼءҶЦŽһ߶
һƯŮһʱòҪһƯŮˡ
һ㣬ҶĵãҲ罻֮УҪμǵһ׼
ݲ椶Ϊǰ˵˾Բ˵Ļ


138 ôô
ϳԷʱҶƽڼѻҲڡ
֪ôģ˵ϳ¼ҵ顣
˵𣬳첻ˡѻ˵
ҶҶǬŮҶƽ˫̥ܣܾҽԺԺרңҲǼһ;ʵʵڵļܾҽԺԺְҲС
ϳ¼ҲǶ֮һ֮ڷô飬ͷӵľҲãҲգܲôصĴ֮СҶƽ˵
ʵ᳤֪١ҶȻһ
ţҶƽѻ˶ӣĵʲô߼ˣ
Ҷ͵ò¶Ŀͬӥƺ㣬Ǵ󽫣Ȩ࣬λ϶λ˳ֻԪй¶̫һҲز֮࣬ҲҽѧˣԲܹǿһӣԤҲãҹǳŲ˶ˡ
ʲôʱѧῴˣѻЩŵʵ
ܶ飬һͨͨͨһ˵Ҷش
˺ˣͲҪŪķ⽨ˣңҲûʲôϵҶƽ˰ֵ˵ģѾʼӴǱ߶񣬹ò˶ãҪȥְˣҲϼһ£ô죿
Ҷƽȥְѻ϶Ҫȥģ칤ʵҲǹĻҪҶԿڵλҲ򵥣ֱӽϵתͿˣʲô顣
ϵӴҲ࣬ѻҪݵļͥרչϹȫûġ
ĹؼҶϡ
ҶϾҪμӸ߿ˣѡһѧȷʵҪһ
ھǣǵǼ򵥣ֻҶƽѻеģһû¶ǳʲô˸еЩͷۣ
ӶҶ˽⣬ֻҪھţٲ˻ǳһЩǷ
ҶԼ鷳Щ鷳ҲѾһʶˡ
ҪǲģҹһӰѧתǱ߶ҲаҶԴ˵νѧһҲûпǹҪȥϿΡ
ʵϣҶҲĸҶƽһȥΡ
еˮأҶƽ̵̬ȥ飬Ƶ²˻кܶ࣬ίԱѹȻܴȴҲܴסһͿ
ΪյĶǾģںͬ־ŬӪ֮£ҲڽػָԪҲ׷׽ԼĸɽйһΪиԵľһҲҪڶ
ʵϣгĸɲͬطȽڸʶǷǳߵġ
˵ɣҲһʱҶƽ룬תѧʵҲһ취Ҷ˶ԣ治ʲô¶
ؼ⣬ҶԼǷԸȥϾھԼĹϵ磬Ƿö£ֻܿԼȡᡣ
ӳˣҶһϵб֣ѾҶƽĿ࿴ҲԸǿȥʲôҪҪԼѡ񣬳ѡ̫׶ҶƽŻᶯΪҳһƱȨ
ֻû뵽ڶϾʹϢ
ͬ־ҽЧһ賿ǡ
Ϣ֮󣬴ҶЩꡣ
Ȼܹ̫ȣǺôҲ쵼˵ģҲСǳϵĺȻɢˣɢڸص֧ȴ൱ɹۣԸض׷׵һЩ
ϳˣ˵һսЩӡҶүЩػҪ꣬Ǵһӵģû뵽ϣִ
⣬Ҷǲ˵ʲôֻܰοүӣ굯ָһ⣬үȻƢе󣬺ȨҲƫӴķǱȽֵÿ϶ģǰȽϴĹף֯ϻӦ
Ҷүˣб۾Ҷһۣ⻰˵ˮƽǴļλͬ־ȥͬ־ʱ˵Ļղ˵Ҳֻ࣬ǸһЩаӣҺܿķչӴ
ٺ٣ЦˣЦˣҶεؿһ࿴ٷձҵξߣǴֹرǿܹԾվ쵼ĸ߶ȿ⣡úð
⻰ǹģţӦ˵ģҲҶүҡҡͷ
ǲô˵Ҳǵڵһ¡
ιίίίԱĴ䱾ǰι쵼ˣټǹίԺĵһλίԱҪĸȼ죬ҪôдЩҪõġ
ؼ⣬Ҷ߶
˵ǰûгҶҸϳ¼Ҷ飬¶Ҳð죬һĲ̣ίԱĴˡ
ϳ¼ҵĳζʧȻȥģҪһҶҵĸܡ
ϳ¼ﻹʱըأѧĺͳѧһع⣬ҵ϶޹⣬߹ΪµʣҲЩס
һӢۣۣ֮ܳൺҶү뵽ɵ̾Ϣ
¶ȻҪһЩӣүүүүӲܽүүȥΪүүҲӦΪӵΪȥ򵥡Ҷ˵
ҶүˣЩص˵ͷ
ֻ۳ʱȻ⣬ΪΪһЩͬ־Ӧðѵʶ̫ˡ
ҶĪһǣ˵ʲôĶС
Ǭͬ־ʲôͬ־Ҷүѯʵ
飬Ҹ˵ʱ˵䣬ҾûȽпϡҶү˵
ҵĶʱҶүӿǲôҶʱҶľ֮٣ⲻҪעһ
˵ӣүүүүӲܽүүȥΪүүҲӦΪӵΪȥ򵥡Ҷү˵Ҿ⻰ЩЩˣæ񣬺ʱȥһһĳɳҲ˽Ӱ˵ˮƽݬ룬޷ġҾãֻҪĴΪǿ½ġԣôôɡ
Ҷү˵֮󣬴ͬУϷ飬û׼öã䵽ԼˣȻˣûбҪ̫𣬻ǿһЩĺá
ûзԭԴͬ־Ǹһӵͬ־黹ӦðһЩģôҴ飬õ밡
Ǭͬ־ҷǳͬͬ־̬
Ҳֵͬ
ҲͬЭϯҲֵ
Ҳͬ

һӵ飬ҶүҶĻ֮󣬱üڲִתһȦ˵ӡ


139 ȥ
㵳ԱþҳϵĹսʿ޲׼ңڵε͹Ҫ쵼ְ񡭡ͬ־ҽЧһžһһ賿
ԶĹ㲥ﲥŰֵʱҶڲμӸ߿
׼ҹֽ׶μеرΪʲ׼ɻԭĶͶ˵ֽ׶ҹA׼ձڵBרC׼֮ĶӾD׼ȻȨ⡣
ʷûзӺ͵߸ƶȵĸʮڿʼװһʧԺ󣬾Ͱصת򡮺ƽݱ䡯øֶΣøֻᣬͨڵжϣе߸˵Aʷҵĵ߸תΪһBƽݱ뷴ƽݱǵʱƶȶҪʽC۹ƽݱսݱⲿDʽ׼͹ڽ׼ǽϵġ
ǵ۰Ҷһ߶šγʶ⣬һ߶ҡͷ
ϸ˵Сγʶĸ߿ĿĻйоأǺúѧ˿αֶʱҪűȽϹעѧ˾ųûġ
ֻǶҶ˵;ĿеƫˣηһЩ磬Դϳ¼ʽ΢֮󣬶ڽ׼ᷨһЩɵĺƲǰһҲܵһЩѹƣ۷糱Ҫࡣ
һ߶⣬һ߶Ĺ㲥ҶȻһʱմλ
϶ʮĻ߿ͷȴ£ͨƣͨѶƣӸţԶ̼أϽ֣ڱϣҽ֧Ԯ⳵֯־ԸߣڴһȫΧСģս
ڣȻͬȾĿƣò
ȻˣҶҲ޸̣ܹ߿ѧؼסֺ׷գҲǲ
ĿƵҲƿɳ£Ŀĳ࿪ۻᣬһĹ۵ǡīߺڡһĹ۵ǡīδغڡ뿼ѡһдһƪԸμӱۡ
ĿҶУȻҲֵ̫
Ȼ̲סҪһʵдҲɵһ֣˼Ҹֲͬķξѡ
һЩĿͶñȽϲˣô˼ҵָΧ֮ڣóԤĴ𰸣ĻǿԤϵģȻˣҲûжԸԼǰ;עаĶõˡ
׿֮У쿼ôõҶҲԾһȦ˵ЩڿεĿҲԲǸ
߶Ҳʲô鶼׼˵̶˸ʲݵȥܶҩҲʵҪʱһͷԶʱΪ֮һ壬ڽĵȣѹûͣ
ǹֵḶ́ҲһȽϿʵĻڡ
ɰ񣬵Ͼܹˡ
Ҷ
֮Ҷʹ˵ģ˺
ͷһȴͬͬѧ·
·ɫе㲣ǱȽϿܣһοӦò
ô·˹еʵ
аɣһ־Ըûʲô⡣ҶشأӦҲɣ
ٳӻ㲻ˣټһεõԼӶʮ֣ӦصԺУ·Щ˷ܵػش
˵¶Ҷеӡ
һ˪һԪ϶ͷ·ίԱҲʵݣ֯˶ʮ֣һηҲصԺУǿ˳ˣʵ
ϲˡҶ΢Ц˵
ллҲϲˡ·ȻܸˣҸղſ˪ˣǹȥȥǱõΣ
ҲðҶЦЦ·ᵽ˪ȻûзԵɡ
죬ҶҲ˪Σֻ˶æӦֻǴҴҵشкʺһ½ѣû˵̫Ļó˴֮ĺøվ
ֻ˪Ȼ־ڱԺУԸȴЩ񵭣ҶΪʺȥȦ
⻰ûֱӸ˪˵ϴѧúüʱ䣬ڵȦҲûкôңúѧϼ֮꣬ٿǴʲôҲ٣ҶĻֹ˾ҲǹһĴ˾Ҳ˪֮أ
ֱӳǮҲʲô⡣
ֻǶ˪ҶҲеСᣬܸ˼֣վ¶ġ
ȻҲûֵ֣Ǵ⣬ҵʱΣҲҶֽģûжĸҶ൱һʽʹȨҲʧ֮磬֮ɣܡ
ҵ˪ʱ˪ոչϣǼϻһκȻǱȽϺһ顣
ҶҲ⣬ÿ˪Ŭȥ˼һЩʱ򣬱ǼܻһϸϸĺﶬƺûжĹϵֻһϵķӦ
ôôģ˵㿼úܺð·˹ȥ˪ʵ
˪·Ҷ΢΢ͷʾ⣬صⲻֻҰְҪȥʡˣҪǱ߶ĸУȥѧء
дѧϵûо߶ʵҶˣֹһ
˭˵أ˪ЩƵ˵
Ҳûʲô취Ȼ˵Ҳžǵ뷨һȥʡҲҪŹȥȻİŮھ߶ԾҪŮҲȥϴѧ
˪Ը˸ĸ˼Ҳֻͬһ㣬ֻЩʧ䣬Ͼ޷ȥԼĿеĸУѧˡ
ɼȥ˽ʡǱ߶ϵ֮ӦǶѧˣĴ϶
ҲҪģдѧĽѧʵȱѧй֮߶Ƚϻ˶ѡҶ˵ңҲȥǱ߶ѧҲи
ҲȥǱ߶˪ͳ·ˣЩ졣
˪ɫЩ΢죬һоҶԼĺУΪܴӾܵʡȥѧ·źʧ䣬ΪھǶѧѾ֣ʮֵļӷֻھǸУЧʹã˾ǾͲˡ
Ҹ׿ȥйҲþͽһУˣڽдѧ鱾شѧҶ͵
ŶǾ˵һˡ˪ˣ˵ͷ
νеǱ߶Ҳǲٹ·̣һСʱ͵ˣúܡҶ˪Щʧ䣬㲹һ
ô˵ǿܾҪһˡ·Ȼ˵ҿ˴ѪĴ㣬һأ
ų·ͳӨӨĴ󳮣ҶЦóԶܻǮ


140 ϳɳҲδؿ׶
ҶҲе̫ˣȫѱ˷СͬЩ߷ߵضԸ׷ͬ˵
ͷͣϳ¼ҵȥ֮Ȼ˵Žͬ־Ǵְ񣬵ǸǴɵĹʶгίɾƣҹ̶еļλһЩͬ־ϣݲȥġ
ͬΪίԱίǣ˵ίԱеĵһˣ볣ĺܸߣҲкܶͬ־֧볣ұʾЧҵĸɲǺܶ࣬Ҷϣһվ˶顣
ҶҶԣȻ죬Ҷүֳί׳ڳţϾүʹˣ֮ҪȥģԺյȨѾߵ
ܶүҶҲʵλίԱ֮УӰҪھУԶԶ
˵ҶƽȻ֣ȴ֮ǳһλ̸ʲô޴Ӱֻ˵ΪҶһ֧Ʊѡ
ǣ˵ҶƽһţίְĻӰɾҪѹƶϰڽɽˡ
Сͬһֱڸ׷ͬ飬ҪҶƽίˡ
Һγ֪һ㡣ܹͬλϣȻҲǵ֮ͷеģĻºıԸֻǱƣżҲᱩ¶ϵĲ㣬̫궯һЩϳ¼Ѿʽ΢Ҷ죬ڼ볣Ĺؼʱڣһ²һ¡ҲҪ¶ʡĵ¡
һηСͬҶͻ飬ͬȻҲģȻҲеŭΪҶ¶񻰣ӣҲùȻѡ
С֮ĶԹ᲻̨ȥǷСͬгӽӴ鱻ع֮󣬷ͬеЩѿطԱ֮ϵ˽ܣʲôͼıأ
鴫˽ͬ־Ķ棬϶Ĵ治õġ
ͬҲǺܵ飬ֻҪӣܹ˳볣Ļʱλȹˣʲô뷨ǽͬ־Ҳûа취ˡ
ֻҪѹʲôܹõס
˷ͬڵȣ󲻳¶󰾵ᣬ볣ˡ
Ҷƽ˳ίǵĻ϶һǶĿԼ󣬵ʱҶҾǼҵвǺܴġСͬȻûзоѻҶƽ뷨
¶зִ硣ͬش
ʵϣͬҲԸҶƽ˳ίֻǺͬ־Ƽǵ̬֧֣߶ʵǷʲôǶһҶƽһ£ǿģû׼ܵõһôʲôġ
Ӷϴûнͣûлᡣ
ֿᣬίѡ⣬һʱһ²ͬһӣͬ˵
Сͬˣаϲ
ڿͷ̸ʱһƯŮ˽ԼĪʮ߰˵ͣ°ͼ⣬񻣬·̬ˣ߸Ьڵذϵʱ򣬷˿⿩
С˰ͬˣʱЦеԼԵɳʾŮӹȥ¡
ɵ첻ɫúŶŮҲĻṴˣҡ忿ȥȴеܻӭ̬
Сͬһۣվ˵ףǱ߶е飬ˡ
ȥɣмǲҪ¡ͬʱѾԴ뵽СĻУԾͺ첻ػӦ
ɫǣСŷͬԴؿڵİⱻĺŪۣȴǲҿֻ氵һ䡣
Сͬ뿪ʱ򣬻ͷСһۣͿСе𣬱΢ɲ˵ͷ
СЦһ£һֻȴ˷ͬĿ档
Сͬɵõһ
ۼ⣬һίѡŽͬ־ֻֽ顣
ͬ־ΪίǣԺθǱ߶飬ҪһϳɳصֲźáЭϯʾ
ϳɳعȻãΪ跢չϽڻأǸҪͬ־²УҾƽͬ־ȥֹǸѡ񡣡ʾ
ҷ׷׷ԣ֮ܶ޳ɵУԵҲС
ƽͬ־ЩġͬȻˣƽͬ־һְûطľͻȻƿôһУҵӦɲ޳ɵģҲܹĻܻʵ䷴Ǻǡ
˵Ҳе
ϳɳһЩͬ־ȽϿ׶
ʱԵֿʼ̧ͷˡ
Ȼ˵ЩֻһСֻ֣ϳ˷ԵǲܹŵģԺĳʲô⣬ߵ˿϶ҪеһΡ
ͬ־üͷĿ⿴Ҷүӣ˼˵Ƕ˵ô˱仯㲻㶨ͬ־߶Ҳǿͨ
ҶүȻһı飬ϯĶүҲûʲô飬˵ҶƽڱȽϿɳϣͷǰļƺ۵Լ޹һ
Ǭͬ־㿴ôͬ־һ£ֱһˡ
¶ɲɣҶҵ飬¶ʼҳȻӦõġ
ֻǽͬ־Ҳеᵽڵ£Լе̫һЩƿػĽ࣬һһƤ߶ûˣھȨȻΪһϵе飬ҶҶүнӹһЩȨСջ񣬿ǱϾʱǳܹγЧս
ĿǰĽ׶ΣҶүӵȻǳؼԼǵҪæƿشֲУֻܹЭϯĴѹ£̧ͷ
ԶԣҶүǷǳˣĹ֧ҲȽϴؼľǣȽϽԭ򣬽أԺ
ͬ־ĥľƣҶүӿʼ˵ˡ
Щұǲ˵ġҶү˵ΪʲôأҶԭ򡣡
ǺǡжʱһЩɵЦҶҵ飬ȻҲʲô¶˭˼ܳ˲ء
ƽҶӣν֪ĪΣ׵ĻǱȽ˽ġҶү˵Щģ۴ֺԭ򡢲أܹҷġ
⻰Ȼûʲô飬ʵҶҵļλ绹ǾУҪ󶼱ȽϸʲôëҶүҴꡣ
Ǹղŷͬᵽϳɳĸ֣Ҳܲ˵䡣ҶүӵͻȻеʱϳɳصͬ־Ҳδؾô׶
һ˲䣬Ҿ͸еҶүӻ͸¶Ũɱ


141 ͬҰ
ϳɳҲδؿ׶
⻰ʲô˼
˶ҶүӲ޹ʷۣ϶ǻָȴ֪⽣澿ָδ
ҶүӵĿ⣬ƺѾ˷ͬϣЩ˵Ϳʼֹѵ˵
һҲܰͬ볣һ£Ѿȡ˵ڹʶ
£ҶүôȥͬⲻҪҶҺͷ֮ĹϵϣһǼǵ
һҶүȥˣôҶңǻᴦڷͬĴѹ֮£
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Ĭ˰Σվû˵ʲôԵĻˡ
Ǿôˣãɢɡͬ־һӵ
˷׷ɢȥֻ˷ͬһ˴ҴƿȻûһ˸˵仰


142 ǽƸ
ϵıֽҶЩط֣ͬȻˡ
ǴŽͬ־ܾίǹڿǸнһЩ˳Ϥһݡ
Ҷ֪ǿ϶ܳڴܾίǹλҪڳȥģؼҪͬǷܹزĻҪı
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ȻˣλõķҲǱȽϴģΪ̫ˡ
Ҷͷ÷̨ͬеˣٱԼ֪Ҫ磬ôһҲδľһЩӰ죬Ժƻ򣬹ܻһЩǴ󻷾϶ǲٵġ
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үӸϷ֮ҶЦҶǽƵĸְ
Ҷү֪ҶƽίһϣͬһӣԾͽΥϸ˳ȥֱһλίԱΪ֮𺳡ͨ飬ҶҶҲǺ۸ģôҶƽϣʧ˺ܶࡣ
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ͬĸǵԪϣֻǽǰܾþˣֱƵĴȻкܶӵĺѣȻкܶͬ־˵飬Ҫ⿪Ҳ֮顣
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һǸհԶҶ⻰ҲǸڶүǰ˵һ˵ҶүӸҶƽ϶ֱȽϴͳɵˣԶүӺͰ̸
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׬˼֮󣬸ԽԽˣ½ҲȽˣҴ㻻һչ򡣡Ҷʾ
Ŷ˵˵ĿõĻҿԽ˸㡣үӶҶĿܸȤ
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Ҫʲô⣬ǷɣүӵЩ
ǷҴȥ˾𡣡Ҷ˵ԼĴ㡣


143 ó
˾𣿣үˣӵɵϴ
ţ˾𡣡ҶĻشǳ϶óġ
үĥһӣͶҶ˵¶׶
Ϊǰ±䣬ңԹ͹о÷ˣԼĸƲãһЩʺͨ˳ȥοܱ߹ҲûʲôģսҪ½ͨ˾ƺҲ
ο͹߲ھóײǺܸȤеļҲǹϵȽϺõĹңҲǺܶࡣ
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Ҫ⣬ڹ͹֮Ĺϵ⡣
͹ϣȴ̼ˣΪһӬͷСһ鷳ҵȹʾ̵Ĵͻ϶ҵĹ̶ͻô׽Դġ
ңҲ͹Ĺ߲
ҽǸ˶ѣԴг棬һϵûСҶʾҪҳ϶ȣҪǵ⡣
үˣʱеЩΪѡ
˲ŵУҶԣÿһ˶Ǿı񣬶үȻƿؾίҲһ죬𹫷˽飬Ȼܾȥ
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Ļǿǿҳġү룬ڻǵͷˣðѼƻҽһ
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ȷʵǿ󣬾˵սʱڣΪ˶Կĺ壬ھ״̬´һסĩԵϵͳֱΪ֮֡һշ˴սġԵϵͳʼԶ⣬һʱڣûյ߲ĻӦԶʶΪĩ٣쵼Ѿʧ漴ľط
˵˵ҲǼӴһ֡
һװҶȻ޴ȾָҲûǸԣпܵĻ˵ǿԿһ£ⶫȽǿСܹʮϰ׵ģթ˾õˡ
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ͬʱΪ׬Ǯ֮һҲĳЩȡ󾭼棬֤¹ҵ뷢չҪ;
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Ҷصģս֮ûиȫӹ죬ַǳң߲ĸأ£Ҫȳ֣
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һЩƷ˵óѸװļΡǿͬʱҲΪıȡΧ֮ĸ߲ϵİȫһֶΡ
ս󣬺ίԱԱΪάİȫڲɰʱûвȡһߵǷֱӢȹȽװ֮ˣһҪǾΪ˹ոƷڹ棬þóһֶΡơôİȫϻ߿ͷϵİȫŵ
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үӵĵģҪǼڹ͹ĹϵϣȻϵȻǱȽϽŵģ¼ӰʱϵҲڸ֮УȻǷϹ͹ϵչġ
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ʾó׾һֻ೶Ƥ飬ҶԼȴֵıѧӰ쵽ԼĹҰȫ¶ҲЩ·ģ
˽˷˾Ļûô˼ɣҶһ֮£ܹ˸еͷöҲ˵
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үȻӦҪҶѰҺѡ¶ǼһʱģҶҪҳ϶⣬Ҳǳؼ
ҵ㣬ô𲻵ලãҵ˲ɿôյǮ֮·ҶҲֻиɵû취ϾЩ鶼ں⽻ףڹڱ޳Ī
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үүȷҪһˡүͻȻ˵
ĻǺͬ־볣ǵθŽͬ־ΪǴǣʣµίУӦһƿмίһƿίһˡҶָͷһ£ǼǷܹٷһ볣
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үҶĻЦЦ¶ܸ˵һӿɣ϶ҪŬһµģȻֱϵûкʵѡҶϵУǺмλǿĴ󽫵ġ
Ҷ˵˵ͷҶҷչôܱ꣬û׷߲͹¶ֻǲ˭ҶϵѣϾһ㶼ıȽأ˵֮⣬˺ѿó
үүҸҪ˵顭Ҷʵ
ʼյ¶ϾľѾԽԽˣ819ҲԽԽˣ˵᲻819¼ĻǳҾȡ޴ʱǴ䣬ƵĻȻҲܹ¶ѶϻӴһЩҪӦЩվ߲㣬ҪĴҲһЩ
ţ¶Ѿڰˣˣⷽ֡үһػش
ðµһȥתһȦѰ̻Ҷ֮󣬱ʾǳˡ
Ǳ߶ĲƽҪСһүӶһ˸ɹȥԼʹðɡ
лүүˡҶĸл
үӸˣȻķ뵣ĵģּܷҲÿǣҶҪģȻһصΪн顣
ֻ¶һͽȥˣȴ֪ûнϾȥһˣҲô׵ģͬڹڣûеصϢǴ粽С
ֽӵһ绰ܴʱѾȥ˺УֱͶһڵңںͶʽӵ¹ʮܸͲߣԼܸŴװ豸Ŀǰ豸Ѿ˵ˣڰװڼ䣬ֻǹȽϼªϾǸոտţһжûв졣
Ĳ裬ǽ賧͵ϣȻһӣȲôãԾһѾǨĹþɳװߣʼͬʱڸ³
ֻе鷳¶ȻЩͷʹӣʱĻùһ˶ȻͶǰҲԸܸĿص֣һЩ˸еܲ
ʲô飿ҶЩֵʵ
ǺǱ߶û뵽θڻͦġ˵
ǰɣȻߣҶˣʱЩ˼ʵ
ƺ˰ƽʱҪŪǮȻһЩҺܶҲԸȥͽȫûҲûбҪҵ֣ϾҲбģѵе᣿
šЩķ˵
ŶԭšҶ˵ͷ˼Уҳնȥһ˶ƽˡ


145 ķ¶
ݣ¶еˡڸ˵
ôˣЩ˵Ҫ²֣ôСɧΪʲôĵطȥƫƫܵһ־ǴʵͶʣһڰǳģǳ˭ģ
ǺҸʲôϵûУ޷ǾʶѡͷеҲǹĸо
ʶôģأݺһҿú˼ҵĳӻûɣǱ߶˶ұĲ˵Żôûĵͷǻ¶
¶˵ҲˣչеʱȵŰݷ˺ԼҪͶһڣںн͵ܸͲأԺҪ𲽼ӴͶʽｨɹܸͲĻء
֮Ȼ¶ǳȤ
ʵϣ֮ǰĺίչ滮ϣίͶԸɾҽܵͽϷǳȤרȥתһȦ˽ܸͲĵӦǰȵȡ
ֻŰ¶ЧȻ߲ˣ¶һֱûġ
ڽǸгȻ˵ҪλгǱȻģҲҪһ֧֣һֱôһԪͶʵĴ񣬺ȻǷǳ˵ģӴҲǳ飬ҽһҪ̵ƣﾡ콫Ӹ
ѡַʱ򣬺Ҳ˹ȥ˿ҸҪ˰Żߣҵ
û뵽Ϊ¶Źݴ׾󷢣Ϊ֮è壬˿϶вϵܵǱ߶ôһͨȻ˵ûǳ¶ȴŪú϶ܲÿں߶ҲкܲõĴԣ˵ǺгŮͶ֮ϵ
Ȼ˵Ϊ绰Ǹȷʵ˸еȽϾᣬŹץŴ²ţŪƣȴ޷Ա硣
Ҷ˵úˣ̻󻯣ίȻִд󲿷߶ںſɲԼġ˵صŻߣҲΪʽͶͽòҸ˲ûʲôֱӹϵҪ¶Ҹ˽˹ϵϳȫûеġ
ȫûйϵǿɺ˵ݺһ仰ȴû˵
ʵϣҲǸ൱Ůˣʲô˵ʲô˵úܡ
ֻԺȷʵеģ˳ñȽӢǸʡеĳг֮ϣģʱɾ˾ĸʡ쵼ʮͷͣǷ绪ïҵʱҪŮӣ֪жء
Ϊݲòʡʲô
ϾǰƵģԼŵɩӶܹ֣ʲô¶ģ
һǰƣͺٵõ˵ˡ
ھôһȫ죬Ҳûа취ݽ¶Ϊ˵Ļʲô취
ϸ˵¶Ҳģﲻֶ֮ѡ
ǰһӣǰ޺ȻŶӵ˺УһûҪߣ˵׼У־սˡ
Ȼ˵Ѿǰˣ֮սȴʼûнǰƺһ⣬Ҫսףߵ͸
ں飬֪˲࣬ǰ޹иͶʷزȻҲǴ˵ţкܶɲˣ̵ƣѾ׬˲Ǯ˺˺
¶Ȼ˵Ըǰ޵飬Ǽܲס˵ˣԾˡ
еһɽݶһһĸϧֻĸϻݲƲǰҲǵ֮ŮһȻһ췭ظ
סʱˡ
λϳ¼ҵǰϱȴҲãϾ˴ʵͶʣҪںصģҲҪںиɳһҵ˾̸죬ҲбһЩ
û뵽֪ĸȱ¹Ȼֿʼţⲻǿ𣿣
ƫƫݾˣҪһףҲ˵ˣܵǱ߶ȥ֣ŪӰǳãгûйʡ
Ҷ˵ĺˣʲôˣϳ¼ǰϱݱأû¶˭ԸͷЩʹؽ͵˵ҵֲǲ֪ڹؼʱٳ©Ļ;͵ͷˡ
һ˵⻰ݶʱҲˡ
ΪϺҵΨһĶ˵Ӧкܺõķչǰ;ģϧΪݵ飬⵽ǰ˵Ҵѹ˺ݻͷ̤֮꣬뾩һ
ôһ;ܵ˼ľޡ
ѵҲõЩھпӵǣί켸꣬һ˾ܲģЩֱӾϵ
ϧǣؾͱ˾ǣõķչʱ䣬ΪһʡŬܶ˼ҶҵҶƽСһ꣬ȴѾίԱĵ͹쵼ˣҼίһְˡ
ôһȣֱһһ¡
Ҫ֪ϵĵڵλҪҶүӸߣҲҪϼ꣬Ϊ˷ôһ仰ҲþӲŸɣԺ;ȷʵеչ̫ˡ
үѾȥˣӰؼҲǵſүӵ棬ȥ顣˵·ӿ̺ãǻܵԼգҪȥġڵʽҪںôܲץסᣬ¶ʵңϳ¼ϵˣȻҵѾͷڵطϵҲСء
ˣҲеģ˵Ҳ֮ӣӵг͵;ϱӦзչǰ;Ϊ飬⵽˺ǰ޼ҵĴѹھȻһɲ˵һֱ
ΪһЩ£ǰ̣ǹԼҲ÷ǳ
ҲܵĽڣû¶ٸ˼ǰתơȻô˵óѾɶ˺ܶࡣ
ڲˣҲһ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬵绰ͻȻ֮󣬱ͱЩŹ
˭ģ̷ǳе׷ʵ
شݵɫֱˣæ˵ҶˣҪһӳԷ
Ҷôˣɵʵ
ô֪Ҳһͷˮ


146 һ
ΪʡĸʡУеĵλõ񣬲ǼƻУʮĸغų֮һͬʱҲĺ۳УǶҪĶŻҲǶҪĹʺġġԽġ
ëռݹйʵʵ뷨ҪΪֻۣǱ̫ϲأ֮ĹϵҲ˱ѡ
ؾڽƵӭ򣬺гйֻҪҶٵĳӵˣ֪ͨȥӭӡ
Դ˸еЩ죬гΪǵƶ̫ӣȻڵطϱȽϵ͵İеģʡ쵼Ҳڴüû뵽ӭλҶ٣ȴڳ˴ųȷʵ˸еЩͬѰ
Ϊ˽ӴλԾǵҶ٣гѾȫƵˣÿĻӳ٣ýӴڣΪλҶ١
ʮңҶٵĳڽƵſͣһ
Ҷﻹһӳһһʮҵʱ뺷ӣһ֪ھȴǶүӸҶҵרңҲǽҪΪҶʿ
ҶͶҪȥļƻʵһ⣬ʱϵñȽϽֻǽ˴ϣ֪ͨ楸Уڴ˵ػϣȵ߶鴦󣬴һ
ֻȻ;УҶæ߶飬ܹϵ
鿴̸֣г绰
Ƭ֮䣬гͬ˹ݾͳھƵĴſڣЦӭȥ
Ҷ٣һ·డгҶЦ
гˣͻȻ˹ǵ㹫ˡҶҲЦ
ҪģҲһһҶǴ¡ҲЦ˵λҶүӺһɺã
гƴֽҸĸҲܺãͺ˹ˡҶش
߶˵ɡгЦ˵
һѣ׷׽Ƶꡣ
ͱ˾Ʋˣֻû뵽ҶԱôࡣ
Ҷٵıڲٰг˿ҶˣͷǵЩͬ
ҶҲûʲôʵӵܱ֮ڴ˲٣ǰЩӳ˵飬԰ȫͲòСһЩʵܲģˣԼܲ
⡣гٱ˵һƺӴᱲɡ
гˣ˵òӦúһҶһЦ
һϣֻкݺҶʣµ˶ɺһ߶ȥòˣлš
гкĿˣҶǼ̸ЦҲɵа棬㲻СǺηʥȥгӣеӭ˼˸е֡
Լŵ⼸λˣһǲЦͶ֮ɢƣҲǷǳһš
λҶٿ϶˲õд
Ҷгӵ̸Ⱥ˫ӵܣҶҪ˲٣ǸҶƽѾίԱˣǰгҲҾͰȫ
ȻΪ˰ҲǾŮʱҲʮͷǷŨʱ򣬰˵ӦԽӽҶԸҶ˵ʱҲ൱
ϯҲ̸Լҵ⣬ںпһʦֻԼݣеŲֽš
˲ǨؾȥҶڽ˶࣬Ǵ֮صڣź˹ȥһὫҵǿ
֮󣬾еģܻصȥչҵǰȻԶʤں߶
ֻôһط־ӵͱȽˣݲɵЩ
Լں߶ʱʱŮԼںУȥ˾ǣ¾Ҫӵⷽˡ
Ǻǰ޺Ͷӻ߶һűϢʱעĶʱը
г֮󣬵ûʲôӦֻǶƱһСڡ
Ҷó飬ƺгЩĶˡ
ȻƯ߶Ҳôһ¶гڵ˼Ǽ;棬үѾˣЩץвУһϲϣϲϣǰ̾Ҫ׸ˣȣǷҪʦǨؾǣʲô⡣
ڽͨúܣǺ˻˾ǣгҲʱʱȥ̽ҶּһǵϵҲҪ߶źá
仰ʱ˺гĸ߶ȹעҲЩ⶯
Ҫ;˳ҪͷҪ̧ͷ·ϵ˳ˣһҲпǸСԱܹƽƵĹԱĸûбģ
ΪӵܣȻ֪Ҫԣֻǰ޵ĸ̫ǿƣӲذ˾ǣֻܵాŪҲеԸؾˣǾҶôһ֮Ȼ־ǻûȥں˼ҲҪ󲿷ַھǱ߶С
Ϊǰ˵һݻͶԼǰ̰
ƾϺҵվһЩҺүԼ׼ңЩѰ죬ԼܹҶҵĹϵǾһ¶ˡ
гһĥеĹؽڣʱЩȻĸо
Ҷ־ٱ˹һˣҸɽ㣬˺зչʱ򣬰һ£СҶȸΪһаˡ
СҶ̫ˡˣʱȻ
ԭǴֺˣȻҶĹϵֲͰ͵ظϵ߶˼侹ȻһЩ˵ġ
ɽ㰡ʶҪϸĥС
ҲǼˣô᲻è壿ȻҶŮˣô϶ʲôϾ˼Ҷڵ죬ɲѾĺүܹġ
ҶӦ֮ǰϳ¼ϱݸһЩ
гһʲô㣬ֱίǣȥʡ﷢չҶʵ
ǽгְôһǣҡͷȴΪҶƽֱӾͽˣĶǹٳ
̫ˡҶҡҡͷ˭ˣһ
ǡǼҵˡЦ˵
Ҷ˶ʱЦô˵϶Լ˲ܸԼˣĻϺҵ֧ϵ÷׷Żȥ
ҶǽǾŲѶȡһϵǣѵʱһЩ
Ѷ̫ˣȻĶȴ֪¶ð졣
ɵСҶô˵Ȼаˣ˺һ£ȻҶ˵СҶǷĻܲҼȥݻһҶүӣҲУЩǳ棬ͺðˡ
Ҷ˵ͷͬҸ׵ǳһЩ죬Ҷүү߶ľӲһ°ɡ
Ǿ̫ˣһýӴˣϲ


147 ʵŮҪĲЩ
ʲôʲôģʲôʱĸɽˣӽƵ֮ЩԹ˵
ʱܶʶ壬˷츲صı仯˵ɵŮɽɵܵܣСͬ־ҰѼӡ
ʱķչƻҪкܶʱ컯Ҳǲ赲һֳ
Ҳô˵Ļδؾͻ˵ġҶʾ
ʱʢʱڣŨܲڵ⣬ҲȣֻǺ߶ĿЩʪһ󺣷紵Щ̵ĸо
ҶڳԷʱ򣬱տڲ̸飬ֻΧź;ģȻ̸̸λүӵһЩ飬˫ǾñȽͶҲ²̸Ժеִ
ϸ˵ԺеĽ򣬸һµġ
ƣǴչۿԼҵⷽͶʿ϶ǱȽϴģҲһҪڽĴĿҪչҵȾҪƷλͳԳлʩĽ費ܱܹ
ҶĽ£ͶʽܸͲأȷʵͬίĹ벻ıϣҲúǳȤʾ˽ֵ֧
ǰҶʹľŴûѡ񣬵ҲҲˡҶźţһ߶̸룬ٺҿʼʹϽ߸ֲŴȡ׸ľŴں߶ľŴ޷Ƶȱ㣬ԺвⷽĹ룬ֻϽʵؽֲƷ⣬ܸŴͳ˴Ŀеѡ
ԭı󶯣ֻǲ֪㾿ʲôʱʼ͹ע߶ҶĻкǾȡ
˵ҶǿԴӸ߲õϢҲܹעĵطľߣ¶ԺУʼһŶ
ʵϣںܶطƵľƷĶǹҶԣҲһصĸӽԭ𽥼٣ͿԿҵľƷĲϣܸʹҪһѡ񡣡Ҷ٩٩̸
ʵܸͲĵŵܶ࣬أװ㣬ӹҲ򵥣Ҫľǲⸯ࣬ҲˮܷͣҲҪһľƷȵȣͲܹ֮ܵá
Ҫһ㣬ǶľԴḻĹڶԣԽʡ´ľġ
ڵľ÷չܿ죬Ÿ߲ڸĸ￪ҵٴο϶Լͬ־ĴƶӿĸѾǼϲòľ÷չ񳱣ǳ޴ĸı䡣Ҷ˵˵ϴᵽķزӭƽʮ꣬Ϊ񾭼õ֧ҵ
زĿȷʵ׬ǮΧĿչ˽裬п𣿡Դ˻Ǵǵġ
Ͼںܶ൥λȻߵλַ·ӣƷһЩ裬ǴҶΪڵǮ˻ԶڷزĿ߶Զû׶
ںϷزĿĭŪгΣ֮󣬴ҵδǰһƬã
ȻûͶʹزĿȴҲԴ˵ܶ࣬ȻǶҶԤһЩɡ
һģʲôпûܡҶǳֵػش
֮ҶͶ˵Ĳ˵˵߶ԿһҲһЩ
˳Ҷָ˹ȥͿһС½ġ
Ϊһιʱ䲻ҪæܸͲصĽ裬߶ķ羰ûкúõһʱҶһ˵ע⵽ȻͬҶԣ߶Сһһ
λõǲǿŲеıԶﲻɵøпһ
ģ̵ʽޣͬʱҲҪǵгԱĸֲ̫ߡҶͷͬʱƣҲһζ߳ҪõƱȽϺõأֵռǷǳߵġ
õƤ¶Ҷɵ뵽楡
ǰһڳʯڻĴ󲿷ӯȥ۵ĵƤһζʱҲǻķᣬƤȳ¥̵ҪһЩʽȽϴȥٶҲ죬楳żǱ߶һ촬صĽ裬ʣµĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ǷɵǱ߶רųƤ
һζʱ䣬ıǮѾ׬˰ٷ֮ʮҡ
ֻǱ߶ֱ̫Ѿ۱صزǵķҶҪһͶʽΪ㣬תͶʵ¥ȥˡ
ǿѹͷߣһҲǳؼûлع֮ǰӢ˵Ҳܴ󣬶۱صĵزǣĸ壬϶һЩڵܹò̫ݣĻҲһЩ֢
ҶȻڹкܴںӰͱȽǱ߶ҲûʲôͨӰĻԵеСڴӣһжҪҶԼӦòȡʲôĲԡ
ȵʽתˣӯȽϿɹ۵Ļ˸гӴͶʣģ֮⣬ҲԿһЩλñȽϺõĵƤһЩߵҲãСƽ׵ĸ߲㺣ҲãǲͶĿҶ˿ԶȥİɫֻǵЩɰͶ̫󣬱ϾⲻӪĿ͵Ʊ׬㻨Ǯɡ
˳ҶĿⷽ˹ȥֻĺ̲ϣһȺȻؿ衣
ϻ̲˵׼һ͵ĺ԰
Ŷԭϻ̲Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ϻ̲԰ǰϻ̲԰ʼ1956꣬ʱС侰ϻͶɽΪֻʮƽף˰ٻȾ㣬Ϊ˺е㡣
ȥ¿ʼʵʩ˲̣ʹƽ׵ĺ˹ɳ̲ӣ½˹滮ʹϻ̲γռ118ƽס4000׺߳ȵĴۺ԰
ϻ̲羰Դʵ˴յһʽ԰ۺԵĶ๦԰Խ̶ݱִ⹫԰
˻̲幤̸ָӲҪһˡ˵ֻ⸽ĵƤͲˣҪҪ
ɣʵĵضҲܶģû֮Ҷ˵
ʵǮͰѵ˹⹫԰Żܺͻ
ŶҶһ£Ȼͽ˹⹫԰ǣȽ϶࣬һʱ֮ǺѽЩ豸㵹ǿһЩԺ԰ԴΪУһǳ𱬣ҲǿǿϣʱԸһᣬȽһЩ
˵ͷҶĽӾпɲԣϾڹڸ֮ĹϵȽϽţ˵ںǷ벻ϰڵʽ϶ͶܸͲصĽ赱УδؾôǮЩĿ
ʵŮҪĲЩ΢ĺ棬ͻȻ̾˿
Ҷû˵ܹ˼ֻеأҲֻװû


148 ûҪȨ
ҶԷʱ˵飬ôѯʵ
ϾǺ󱲣δؾܹ˵˵ҶҶҵĵλǳ⣬Ҳõͬ־ͬ־˫˫ͣһš
ʱѾֻˣ˲پƣԺϻһЩɫʱɳ棬ڶͷϷһëȥȥ⡣
䲻ˣԼĲЩ̫ˣʮɲǷһļͥ棬ǺѵõģǷļԺյļͥ棬е˵ȥˣϸ˹
ǽҶӴ֮󣬺ŷ֣ԼѾ̫ࡣ
˼ҶƽԼСһ꣬ƽʱھ治ɽ¶ˮؼʱȴ¶һھͽɵĺƲҧҶͬϳ¼ҵĽ֮УȫʤľίǷͬһ£˵ҲҶҵĳ֡
Ĵ󱳾֮£Ҷ֮â˭׳ԣ
Ҷƽ֣ҶһζеȫʤҶƽȻԳίһְʵĿ࣬ʮһίԱίǣʵ޷Ϊ֮Ŀ
Ȼ˵ҿʼᳫɲʮһίԱʵ˸еţϰεĹҶƽôĸɲʱǸһص۾
ǺȴԼܵǰ˵ѹƣԲŴôõĻᣬĻ޷Ҷƽ֣ƾϸ׵ӰԼϸ׸ͬ־ͬ־Ľ飬ҪԼԱλãȴǲѡ
Ϊݵ飬úүӸо޷ǰ̧ͷȻҲŲڣ˼顣
εУʮĹ;
ҶôЩš
ͬ־ͬ־·ǴҶ飬˵Ҷõ֮ĳһλпܵģͬʱõλǰе޷ʵԾж
ǰˣӢűʱûʲôܵ顣ɳëӵһԣ豭裬ʱе˺ܶ࣬վתȦҶܲ򵥣ʲôʱողμӹ߿֮ѧôģ
ȷʵһԭֻʮ갡֮ҲЩ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ҶǾΣݻ治ϾҶҪʮңҶһСƨֻСƨĸױȽţƣүүţƣ˵ȫ˶ǳţƣСƨҲͱȽţˡ
˵Ҷ˵˽⣬ݻ治Ͼϵע϶࣬ԶҶ˽Ҳܶ࣬ϾҶڽ̫ķͷܲΪ֮Ŀ
ҶĻ𣿡ʵ
˵ģȻҶڳԷʱ˵Ļ˵ҶҶүӲ캣еľۡ
˵ʵڵģеţҶӰܹҶҶүί׳ƴӡ
վһ㾩ǴӵܵĽǶһ϶бȽɭϵĹأӵŰ裬ڼʱͱȽˣҳҪ˵ʲôָֻŵؽ̵£ǲܵġ
ֻҶҵΣȻҲ޴ӵ֪ɼˣݾ;ҶĻе˼δؾܹ쵽˵顣
ͺ˵ˡԴҲûʲôüͷ¶
¹;չܲ¶
Ȼ˵˵ĻǿԵЦģҶȻΪȻûȷرʾʲôܹаѱԼУôǲܺ˵ģĻĬĶҵķ֣ҲԲ
ȻˣҶֻҪһˣͲڡ
ίԱүүǾί׳үүĶ׳гί֮һҲƵùĸĸٰɣ
ǵˣԲô
Ǿ͵һȿ⼸ҶҶүӣǲĻ߶Ӳ۰ɡǿڴġ
ҶҶүˣȫƾݣȥݷһ£ҶĽԼ飬ôҶҶүȻģҶүһᣬֱδίǵĿԣǱȽϴġ
˵ˣȻ˵үӰ׼ҵӣ㽫ŵΣ淢չٶȱȽòǨĻᣬҶүĻͲͬˡ
ҶүҪúǾǳڹģΪĺ󱸸ɲ˭Ҳʲôëú뾩ҲǺģǰҲȥһ
˽Ϲ飬ǲ̫ϸݣҲΪ϶ЦϺүЧҶүӾȫʧЧˡ
ΪеĹؼڣԲŻҶĻڴ
ݵ棬ҲǺܲΪ飬ֵ˶ûӣ¶ǵº;˳Ҫԭʵĸֶζ൱ģݵʱҲܸǰ飬
ڹҲҶĻһ˿ΣϣԲ顣
ڼָϵʱҪͻΧȥҲֻнˣҶĵΪṩһ·ֻǲ·Ƿܹߵͨ
Щ飬Ҫǰһˡ¶;ԼӦԤʲôʡһҶҶүˣԼæҡ
ô˵𣿡үҶĵ绰֮󣬾еЦãʲôʱ򣬾ίĹҲֵˣҪ۵Ȩ
˵ʵǻκһ˸үôҪ󣬶үӶֱ׳ȥʲô¶ȻܹҪί׳޶ʱȥӲĳһ»أ浱ԼǾίһ׳ǣ
Ǿίһ׳ڵһ׳ͬ־ҲܶԶүҪĿүӽЩ飬ĿҪΡ
Ȼоӵһ·Ȼ˵ͬ־Ǿίһ׳ƽʱҲҪؾڲ򣬳ǱҪʱ򣬲ŻᶯȨޡ
үүֶ˲ǣôҪȨҶڵ绰Ǳ߶Ц˵ֻǺ߶Ҳȫ̼ƻеһ֣չĸսԵһҪڣǷܹ£߶ҲһؼԲŻᾪ˼ҡ
㲻˵ҪΪ𣿡үЩɵʵôֳĸˣСͷĹ̫ˣ˼ЩŲ㰡
Ҫһѣ滹Ϊ˺ĸչƣϸ飬Ҵˣٸϸ˵ΣҶʾ
УҾİһΣӴŸ˵û˵ˣҪǱ߶ʲô©ĻҾͰĪˡүҲԼ̬ȡ
˳ˮǿһģԷϧǶүҲûгֵıҪ


149 
еľʼʵˮʦӪɴ˳Ѳڡ
ŷյȹƲغΪǿ˳ںϷ񣬴1880189010䣬³ｨˮʦӪۣʱͶһʮڴ˵迣塢̨۳أʹ۳ΪʱľҪΪ֮һ
1894ռսֻӪ16꣬ļʮնֱռ1955վк۽ʽΪӵһѵء
ۼ֤˰ˮʦĲɣʷռսնսұڵľԵøƽұ۰СɽӸۿڻƳȥסһƬĸ壬ͣżҾѹֲձ˺Ͷ˲Լͬؿ
Ҳֵֻܹʱʵڸܣһ֧ؽı󺣾Ȼȫû
˵ձռ˾֮󣬽ҹĴɱֻʣ36ˡ
ĺ۷ʣͷȣϰƶ䣬һ
߶Դ·ڶˡ
ʮңίԱί׳ҶϽװӣֻʮԱǰоۻӲ졣
ںԣҲһȽϴ飬ίڽӵ֪֮ͨ󣬾ףȨгⷽȫýӴ
Ȼ˵ҶϽӲǾۣҲںתһתЭͬĳɹԼ˫ӵչΣЩӦ顣
ҶϽһװϣӲ˼ԤĿ֮󣬼򵥵ط俴ΪеľЭͬûǲģҪ󵱵ؾ˸÷֮£ӦüطھýһЩס
ίҶϽĻеǳܣ⼸仰н˫ӵöˡ
ҶϽ˽ݣרŽӼ˺ггֻ˾˵ʲôͲö֪ˣֻǿгҶϽʱ˷ܱ飬Ȼʲô¶ˡ
ںгݣһ϶ģίεӣǺгڵĹٽ׸ݱȽȴǵһЩ
⵱ȻΪүϣӶڻ꣬ξҲΪүȥˣ˵ˡ
ǶеĻûж˿öھǵȦӵУҲ˶ϺϵĿԡ
û뵽Ҷ˵㻰ҶҶүӸˡЩ˷ܵ˵
˶үҶ֮󣬺ͻ˼ңϢ˹ݣͬʱҪүȥ绰̸һ飬үʲô
ҶҶүӸҼ̸̸Ըٳҵκίһְӹ˵¶϶ҪҶүҶǬֵ֮ģҶҶүȻίԱȴھӷ棬ʺϲֵط񣬷ñȽ鷳
ЦҶү˵ĸʡͼˣֱλίǣҲὫ;һضΪԺ̺·
˵ͷȻͲͨ˾ǵĵ绰
ү˶ӵ֮󣬳˼һӣȻʵҶʲô
ôһʣ̰ϵӢһӾͿص㡣
Ȼ˵Ҷĸɽ㣬̳ϵҪ򵥵ö࣬Ϸһҵʲô¶ҵ˼ҲûʲôֵҪ
ҶֱƶλίǣѶǱȽϴġ
үӶĻºģȻϵڱ飬ֱӾҶʲô
ڶӵ;⣬үӲǲģĿǰȣЩòټ׼ҵĶүҲûʲôߣܲ˺Ҵ֣װ׵˿һѵĺϷ
ʱҶͻȻ֦үȻΣҲδؾͲܽҶҵ⣬ֻҪǱʲô
Էĵߣ黹һЩ鷳ġ
ҶҶүӵûж˵˼ҲˡԸ׺ү˵ҪôǼǷһ飬Ҫôһǵ˵г
ү֮󣬵˵ͷŶҶ±ȽϺҪ治˵ǹ֣ǻռ˴˵ġ
Ǹ׵˼ǣеʵ
ҲǺһҵĺӪˮı̶ҪȥģΪǰ;ԴӦү˵һҶҵ̸ֵһ̸¶
ǣסүô˵Ƿ
Ҷⷽ򣬺үһ¶ԾûʲôˣϾҶڵӰǰǿֻǰıȡһʡλãʲôѣںҲڷչǰڣ֮ĳô֣ԾѶҲҪСܶ࣬˷ŸҶӲ
ټҶϺҵĶӵܣǰϣҲǲ÷ģںϺҵĴͳΧ֮ڣʲôԽ
Ǻүӷµ绰֮ȴء
ȻӱҶҲûҪ٣ҲʾֻҪǷһ鼴ɣǺүӺծѻǵ˺үˣϣǷµľִ飬Ƿѻ
ҶǸѡүӿúһĴӦҶҵ˵κгôϲͶʽĿҶϵںлԽԽĻȨս᳹ƿغУϺҵĴͳΧ
еĵλ⣬ػƲŻҪĸۿڳУžõķչ϶ʾԽԽҪãʧһأʧȷʵȽϴ
ֻǺĽ⣬Ҳȥˣһ֮󣬺߶ʧǿԳܵģϾϺҾʣôһֱϵӵܻ켣ٳΪĽһЩֵ̫ǿԴӦġ
Ҷҵôүҡҡͷв죬ֻţֲֶҶǬҶֵַܵչҲ
ǲô˵¶еǰһƬڿƿ׼ңѶһˣһһλҲܹΪʡʱ䣬֮ںеķչ⣬ôλҲ˳ˡ
ĻүҲ˵ˣϾԼ徿ܲܳŵǸʱ
ǳŵǸʱҲÿ׼ǲܳŵǸʱ
׼ҵȻĻүҲֻ̾Ͼ׼ҶھһϵӰ죬ǳ˿ɼ˵ֻҪͱô仰һõ᳹
뵽飬үǵĴԣҲɵһƣ¶ø㰡
Ҳֻһһɽǰ·
ЩŵүڲͨҶҶүӵĵ绰


150 
үӸүͨʱҶѾڷڿĻķɻϡ
һͬҶеģ楡壬жүӸҵͨľع
λʮҵعүӽΪġ
Ȼ֪϶Ҷûٸʵ׵˼ΪȫŶүӣôҲܰŲ׶£˼ҵĸףʵûбҪ̽Ͼϣкܶɡ
֮ԴҪΪŮģһ𷽱һЩ
ȻǱ߶ΣʢʱڣҲܸߣȥ͵Ƕȼˡ
極±Ƚϸߣڷɻ˵ЦһҲƣ
Ҷظ䣬̸ָһ̸ڿҲ;ˡ
Ķ߶ȽϤҶƲǿ϶ڴʹ߶пһĽɫλ룬ľ˴ƣҪ˳ܶࡣ
ҶһιҪΪˣһάвصˡ
ʵ֮ǰʱҶѾ˵񽻸楣ø˽ʵĻᣬ˵ҲУͨ¸վ߲һЩʱ֮ҵάвص١
˲ڱ𴦣ڿ׸סֻһ©ҶԸϹҪ£˳㽫˸ԼУΪԼá
ս㲻ϵڿͲ͵Եĺȵʲôġ
ҶȻһ飬壬һСһ꣬ĺǰΪβЧģҾ˵ǶҪϡ
ʵش
Ҷӣ¶Ǻ֣ѵǷϻ֣ͯ
Ŀⲻ´һͷ̷ǳ񣬰ɫļϺɫһȹɫƤЬټΣʱĿ̰飬Ѿһа
ҶͬʱҲע⵽ǰ楻Ҫһ£СȴӯӯһգɵЩ죬Ѿͷηģ
ʵϣҲеĽģŮⷽһ׷޼޵ģֻϣԼܹǻһЩ˵ǷϱȻҲǳҪںϱǻ֮һѡĻѡǻŮ˻һЩ
ѵӶͯҶͻ
ʵ¶Ҳ֣ʮͲξ˲ܶഩװĸֻ֮ģܶ඼ʮӦ飬˾װЩҵǱΪ˾ҵҪҲࡣ
ڮ壡Դ˵ķӦǱȽϼңɫܲÿ
ҲڮֻǳʵֲҵȻΪǹӶͯˡҶҪϷһСŮ塣
¶ûʲô˵ġ巭˷Ƥ
ˣǳԿãҶȻ
ųԿãŭ
ǴӾҲʮϣҲʮĺӣȻܱǵʱ䳤ⲻǳԿʲôҶ
Կ飬ڵطҲǱȽϳģ׶ģճӤͿʼμӹʼȡˣ߾ѾʮˣȻڹʱϴţ²ؼȡꡣ
Ҵˣι״飬ʵǺܶģʤö١
ˣС壬ɴ߶ˣʡ룬ԿáЦ˵
ߡҶһۣȻ͵͵˵˼䡣
ҲУҶ֮ȴĿɿڴû뵽ʵȻĿ
ԭĸĸҲǾϵͳˣִ׵ͱ鲿ˡ
֮ľô磬ҪΪڸжг䵱εĵߣ˵ź̵ĸŮǸŵĺӡ
ôһӾʱͱǰˣΪݵԣҶԴ˲ûʲô飬Ƕλʧȥ˫׵ĹŮ޵ͬ顣
Ҷ֪ʵ֮ȴҲЩǸȻ
Բ𰡣֪ͲҴˡҶܳĵǸ
Ҳûʲôʵڲ˶ֻ֪Ҿ¶еܶѡڰֵ²Ǻܸߡ
֣ȻʵСչ³鲿⻷ӴĶǳӣ˵ľҲ޻̸ֶۣ֮Ҳδؾܹʤù塣
Ҷ壬ֿ楣Ȼ˵С壬ɴܵˣԼһˣҲûнõ֣ҿͦʵġ
ôһ˵楺嶼Щġ
һ·ϣĵͦͶģֻûⷽѣҶȻ¶˳ȴ楺嶼Ǹ⡣
ٵⲻŶС壬𣿡ʵ⣬û˾ܾ
Ҷϲؿ極á
極İȫ⣬һֱҶĵģΪҶĵһŮˣ極ǳҪҪƹԪľ޶ʽͬʱҪ᳹Ҷľָ˼룬ҪطȥûһͬԱʱӻĻҶȷʵĲ¡
ȻôеС뷨Ҷתһ룬¸ҵһҵĸоӦҲǲģ極ĸĸ׶ǺܲˣӦöȽӰ졣
ŮӴɱɱϾǳ֮ƣҶֻϣܹ極İȫͿˣҲûжҪʵ϶ò壬ҶҲϣܹøһЩ
˼ҵĸĸˣٰԼҲȥʵе˵ȥ
ҶҲܹİţ彫ҶʵҲչ˼УһҶıڵҲȷʵҪŮԴڣһǸҶڣȫϿ϶Ҫִо鲿úܶࡣ
Ȼ˵ҶҲɱ飬ֻż¼춼ҪɱģҶʵû̫ȴǳãƴֵҶԼߵˡ
ˣ˾֮󣬶ŰнΪҶġ
λƺһϵͳģ˴֮Ҳûʲô·ƺҲͬҲ֪үǴʲôھģ
̯̿ȷʵȽϴЩֻ߲ףԶĵĴڣҶҲЩ棬λֻǶүӽģǸģҲԴʲôʲô
ݶүӸЭĽΪҶ֮꣬ȥδӣдˣҶţλֱӸԼĿԲǺܴΪƵı仯͹ǵĹעҲԽԽ࣬רңھҲǷǳֵġ
ү֮ԿϰǽҶʵҲǴȥ̽һ̽ӵ뷨֮⣬鱨Ա½ڣҲ˵ġ
ҶǶүӵֶﲻ٣漰ʱ򣬶үҲԲᱻҵģվλϣ۵ҪһЩҶġ


151 άв
ȻҶһҲڿȴû
Ҳǵһ˹һ˹ĶǺģС֮ĸ֮ƣڶս¾ռ졣սؽҵչ
нӽٰ˹͵ذأΧǸĵũҵеҵṤҵеҵ϶࣬ҵϵлͻеȡ
ṤҵʳƷ֯ƷȣѧҵӡˢҵҲܷڿĽͨŦйʻֱں
Ҷ˵֮ǰפڻľʿѾǰ˽Ӵ׼
סƵ֮ľͿʼͨѼڵϣȻṩҶвο
һо֮ҶͷѾΪҪĹͷìһβƵѾٷֱ³
Դ612գ˹ھͳѡ֮󣬴ǰѾܵ㷺ֵ֧쵼ҶԸƱѡͬʱĪ˹кегѡУҲȡʤҴͬ⽫иΪʥ˵ñһ߶һЩп˵ȷʵֲȥˡ
ոΪʥ˵ñʵϾҪָǰɳǿٹ˼ȻڶĴѾʧڹڣ൱ڽ֮ҵФժӰȻǼԶģиж˵ˡ
ҶĵҪһЩҲڱЩ顣
ʵϣҶע⵽ҶѡٽһܣͶ˷ʣĺֹۣܶͣԮŰͣľԤȶļøС
Ҷսķ֮710ڿķֹþж˹ͳְʽʱҶʤЦݣͳǷΪɥ
Ҷյʤ˵ĻѾ⵽ƻʱڵΣѾٽǾΣ⣬ΣҲѾﵽʮΣյĵز
7ѮǷ7׶ػͼгõĸĸȡĴԮûл֧֡
Ƿ򷵻Ī˹֮ͼƶµг÷չƻύάۣʱĹھ޷Ԥƻˡ
ĿǰҪ׼µչ³̣µչƶ漰չλı仯ʱչ˼ϡ֯϶Σ19901µ19916£չĵԱͼ400򣬶һڲ˵µչҪ塢дչִλҲвһݷϣеҪҶ˳
紫ţǷ˹͹쵼µ˹ҵĹȨ֯ʽȨ⣬֮Ҫһµ˹ҡ
̸еĹȻʮּģһµ˲ݰɡά干͹ˡΪάȨ͹ˡ͹Ȩˣµ˲ݰ¹ҽһɢİ
ҲãɵĹƶȽҪµĹƶδΣھǴֵĺûᡣҶиƶ
ʱ򣬾鲿߶ĸ˸˹ݼҶ
߶ֱʹݹԱҶ֮˵ҶѾҵάвص䣬ֻʱ鷳֮С
ķ鷳Ҷʵ÷ģġ
ηģס˵ҪƲá鲿ڵصĸ˻ش
ܰҼ𣿡Ҷüͷʵ
ԣľ١Էǳ϶ػش
ȻҶҶˣǳʲôĿģǷǳȷرʾ֧֣Ϊ֮ǰйָʾڲӰǹǰ£ӦøҶ㹻İʹڵصһЩҪϵ
֮Ҷڻļ֮Уλάвء
ܺܶ˶άвַǳİᵽһӰ˹ݵӰƬս֮Ӧˡ
άвؾⲿӰԭ
άвصľߴɫʣҵĪ˹ƾѧԺʹ6ԣǶȱӢͺѵάݲ˹һվطۣ캽Աһְ
ַڰάͲǲӣη١
󣬲ڵǲҲ֮ɢʼʻŰŵɻŬ׬ȡĵһͰ𡱣Ժġ硱ʼ鲼ȫһЩ̹ˡֱԼս簢չ͹ǡ¬յȡ
Ҳ֤ʾΪװ֯ṩ𣬴˵ͼ鱨ϡ
ص缸쵽˷޸أа¡зǹ͹չ𣩡ǡǡǡ¬Ϸǡյ˹ʿԼڸɴоǷ˽רΪڷޣ΢һսܿصӰûвأ޻̫ƽࡣ
ֻҶҵʱλδս֮ϳľӣ׵ڼһǣһֻ۾ţгһҲе˵˼Ǳ˱ȭݺݵؽѵһ١
άвУҶűʵ
ôűӵģֻζе̫ˣùʪһζ˸еЩԺ
йˣ˭άвصҲǶʮңȥݣи߼˵ǳؿҶѯʵ
˭Ҫҿ㰲Ȼ߳Ҷش
ѣ㲻֪ҵʲôĴάвҡҡͷйˣǵһвͨġ
ôȥҵ顣Ҷ˵ֻǣ㲻֪Ϊʲô𣿡
治֪ҲΪܹ㶨˸񲪡άвҡͷ
㵽׷ʲô飿Ҷʵ
˸ڻ죬ðŵ򽫾ҰĶŮˣάвطǳ򶨵ػش
Ҷ֮󣬺ؿ˿άвأȻű˵ȷʵҪڴԣҪĻӦΪҷ꣬Σ
άвˣתתҲҵ
ûⷽĿܣҶЦŻشֻмˣһЩʵȥ
ɽάвʹӦ
ĵطʵǴˣǰйȻȥӦӵзǳǿҲֵʱΪ֮ġ
뿪˼֮ҶͶԾ鲿ظ˱ʾҪ˸񲪵ľðŵ򽫾¶ܰ𣿡
ԣǸ˺Ѳδؾͻǵʡ鲿ظ˻ش
Ȼа취ġҶԴƺġ
ҪҪһʱ䡣Էʾ


152 ͬ־һɰ
ðŵ򽫾ǻȨƵ֮һ
˸񲪵ְȨΧ鱨֣CIA֣FBIļ൱ʵ͸ĳ
˸ʵϾܾ죬ִйķ⴦ǿͶϵͳִнͱǩΪũƽϡٵطĴģ𡢷߾ڹмΰɱ߸ҵĹ˶ʵʩ˹ߡ
˹Ұȫ;칦⣬һЩҲ𡢹͵ȡսڼ䣬˸񲪵ְܹ󣬼漰ڵ
ľ߲㣬ڿ˸񲪵ĴҲЩµģΪǼ޿ײ룬ʱпץסİѱץ
Ҷڿ˸񲪻ܲ棬λ˸񲪽ġ
ðŵ򽫾ʮң΢֣ɫЩ죬ͷϡϡģȥһǳͨϹˣֻ֮ż͸ӥһĿ⣬˲ܲݡ
Ҷ͹߲ĵϵ游ֳίίԱҲίԱҶڹ͹ռ˼Ҫĵλðŵ򽫾еϣȻ̧ͷҶ˵Ҷܸңζ𣿡
ΪĴͳ꣡Ҷû˵꣬Ϳ˾ðŵ򽫾еĳŪĿ⣬Ǿ˵ô˵϶ǳƽͬ־Ҳŵġ
ðŵЦȻе˼
ҶݵλʹþðŵҲҪӣϾҶǸӰǳǿԶԼܹͻȻҵԼȻû¶¶һ¡
ӱΪάвУҶ˵ϣܹųҰŮ޸
ðŵ򽫾ˣʱȻŭҶļڶмȨƣҲֹܲܵҵļֻΪǸɶڿСӽĻǾ뿪
ͬ־ȻԸĻ⣬ǻһ̸ˡҶΪ裬Ц˵ôΪԪ̸һȽĻɣ
Ҷ̫͹һλϾ˵־ˡ˵־ʱҸĽǮܹʴġðŵ򽫾һ˫ʮָһ𣬵رʾ˵ɣء
ҶеЦĸоͬ־ΪһλĸϸˣһڹڵľЩǡ
˵ءðŵ򽫾ͷ˵ƺǺܸȤ
ˡֱԣΣյıԵʱиĿܡҶżɽ˵
ðŵͷûжҶĻзһҲҶԤϵС
Ϊ˸񲪵ĸ߲Աðŵ򽫾ĹǷΧǳ㣬ܹӴĸ鱨ҲǳϸȻڵ㹻˽⣬ľøĸѾޱȻԻ͵۹ߵнΣչͷ
ҵ鱨Ƿͬ־һ䣬֪˶ڱּĬҶžðŵ۾˵ȻҶβƵ˲˻ɣô˵ѣҲǶʱ֮ڵˡ
ðŵ֮󣬾Ȼûбʾʲô̫ȵĸоƺ֪һ佫ҪôҶʲôõĽأ
ԴҶʵ
ðŵˣþû
ʵϣҲһֱڿ⣬ȴʼûҵ𰸡
˸һӴ֯һֱ鱨ڰȫͱ߾ȹҪţһڵ֮ϵĳֻչξָ
˸񲪱Ӣ鱨سΪϿǰѼ鱨ļ֡ɫеĦ¡ӢľΪĴ֯
ӻ˸ж֡ڷ֡ӹ֡߷֡֡˸פվȡ˸ϵͳԱһȴﵽ50ܲ1ˣͼϵȲ20ˣ߷30ˡ⣬ȫ150ˣڹ25ԱԤ100Ԫ
ôӴԤ㣬ؾΣ£ѾЩά֣Ҫ֪ȫó룬100¬
ðŵ򽫾Ϊ˸񲪸߲㣬ԴȻǳҲܵ˾޴ѹ
һĿ̨ˣЩعͷǣ᲻⵽ϴ᲻ҲͷЩ¸ڹһ޼ҿɹ飿
ôҶʲôõĽ飿ðŵ򽫾ڿʵ
Ҷ˵¶ˣԼȻʹðŵĿʼɶˡ
ҵĽܼ򵥣ǿÿ˸ڸصӴӰԾȵĹҶ˵˵ӴеЩû֮أͬʱҪÿ긶ʵãˣͼΣٿԻȡһ룬һЩ顣
Ľ𣿣Ҷðŵ򽫾̰֮˵Ҳܰľ»ܣй¶ˣҪΪ͹ȡǵļ豸ĻֻͿˣΪһϸˣҾܾΪ
ˣðŵ򽫾Ҷ΢΢һЦֻǷһЩAK47֮ĳܲӰ쵽İ黳ɣ
ðŵɫʱԭͷشǿԿһµġ
ƺȽһЩðŵҶȲ裬˼֮ĳ⣬ðŵάвص飬Ϊʲô߹Ǹ쵰СӸȤ
ڵȡŮٵάвУðŵ򽫾ǳŭ˵ʲôɱģҲδˣάвУ˼ˣôܱڻļ棿
УǸΪˣҾΪ˫ϵˣһܺõѡ񣬶Ů֮ϵһЩҶʾ
ðŵ򽫾Լ°ͣϸؿ顣
άвУԼŮ֮ĸֿģܲطǳŭȴûɱҶԣУܹԺΪԼµĻŮҲǿԿǵһ顣
ֻǾðŵ򽫾ΪУ
ͬ־һɰɣҶðŵ򽫾ѾģĶ
˸񲪽ðŵͬ־ؿ֮¶˾ģһЩȥʲô⣿
ֻҪװһЩ飬ȫùҪΡ
Ͼ˸񲪱ĹʾˣҪ飬͵ط϶ȨʵģҪðŵҲξֵĻпܰ쵽
ôһɰɡϽھеĲ豭Ҷ˵


153 ǹ֧ûд
άвشӼ汻ųʱ򣬻еһĸо
ڸйͨУ۾ʱҶ߶һ£ȻλܹӰðŵ򽫾ıˣǳȤ
ҶǳлԮȣҾΪʲô飿̸֮󣬲УҶѯʵ
ȫһ5֧Ǿ˵ÿ12˾1֧ǹΨһǡ11Ҳӵǹ֧ҶȻ˲Уһֵ⡣
УҶӾеٶˡ
ȫû뵽ȥһλйˣȻھھ⣬ȷʵеϡ
ϻкܶط̫ƽҪǵɺƲǾǰǴԸʹҶԲУ˵
һ仰ͼ򵥶ˣУʱҶ˼ֻǶ˵ĻЩɣҶƾʲôܹ־óף
Ҫ֪ó׻϶Ǳ¢ϵģ˽˺ѲУҪ˵ЩûйƾС
˵˾ðŵ򽫾ͬ⽫Ů޸㡭Ҷ˵⻰ʱ򣬿Уϳ˾ϲ˵⺢ӹȻͦģԼĿֶ꣬ȷʵеʡ
ҵʹ˵ɣҪЩʲôǰѻըˣҲûжУȻЩֻͷеڲˡ
ҶʱʧЦǵڣǵĿ׬ǮҪ
Ҷͼ򵥵ؽԼĿĽ˽Уúϸ
ڸǷĶ߷ת䣬սƵĻͣԾóгĴҩһҹ֮ͱ˶ʣҵٲά衣
ΪѲüĴʣתɾ÷չӲͨΪҵ淢չѰҳ·ֻܰĿڹʾóгϡ
£ȡóԾƷڹ˵ž޴ľ塣
ȻľҵڹȥĴͳ⣬ֻʶ̬ӽͳѺõĹҳҲͻŴʽṩôû׬ģҲ֪˹϶ھ˥˺ζСҶԲУ˵Ҫ飬ϸҵԭУʲôҡʲôʲôֻ࣬ҪԷԸ֧ӲͨҪʱȡߡߵS-300WϵͳҲû
սʱڣǿԣΪӪӦģгҲгһָΪ߷Ķϵ
ʱΪϷԼȽԷ˫ԵзʵܵķֻԵ˹͡ѺáҹӦװΪˣӴİͳίԱᣬרſͶŷҹȡȽͿʽļ˼գҲӦȡʩ
ڼ䣬Ϊȫսƣӽͻ;ó֮ˮǴߣ1987괴Ҫó׶364.5Ԫ߼¼
ս֮ڹƺ͵Եεı仯ԭȻμĽ޽᲻ڣг³Ϊͳһг
ӢҿʼݿˡӡȵԭƵνϵСҳԭĹҲѾóչ䡢ɫеȴͳ۹ҡ
߰ʮͷڹʮóռķݶﵽ35%ֻǽελ͹Ӱ½ڶ½γĳЩĿհס
Щհ׵гֵʵǺ˵ģܻᳬʮԪ࣡Ҷ˵һ룬ʵָ˼ֵͬʱܰΰĹҶɹѵһζӣֶΪǮլȶЩ֣һɣʲôҪٻ
楺һֱۣ˵û뵽ҶȻôǿɿ죬ȥЩ㴫Ľʦû⡣
УҶĺΰͼסˣƺõǰŮܳ˽˷ɻƺһֿɵãֻҪӦй˵
ðңУһ촽Ϊõˣ
ϵʱҶͺ;ðŵ򽫾Լһ
һ߶Էһ߶۵һô
飬Ҳܳ棬ֻĻ߻ᶨľðŵ򽫾ʾǷAK47Ļ̫ˣʤޣӦøһö
ҶԴȻ壬ֻҪðŵ򽫾б£ǰѺǱͧŪҶҲܹҵңֻֿʵǲѡ
ʵS-300WϵͳͲֻǲ֪Ƿܹ㵽Ҷ˵
ҵһλԶǻ˾ǵľ棬װֱУS-300WϵͳҲУҪһδģ˵ȻҪ㹻棬ͷӷǳִٹִԪǰҲɶУʾ
ðŵ򽫾ҡͷҽǻʵһЩɣȸ׳ֵĻʵһĳأﾭսλҲܲⱣҶԣAI47Ҳһѡ񡣡
Ҷھðŵ飬Ҳʾͬ
ʵڷ֮ҲܸȤȻǺûԪǻƽ鱦ʯȵȣЩӲͨԪܻӭ
Ҫһ㣬ǾðŵͲУûЩҪֵĻǵͨҶܹ쵽ʱȫҶС
һ̸֮γ˾ðŵ򽫾ͨϵУִУҶºߺϡ
Ϊ˱ʾ⣬óֽҶֱסһֻ䣬֮ʮԪֳ
ϸС̵֮Ƚܡ
ϸҲԵԿŪС͵Ķ̵̳ˡ
ƲİҶص˾Ƶ֮󣬾ͷ˸п
ܾе̤ʵϴ֮ëӣرʾ
ûʲôõġҶ楣һɵڴϣ˵ͺڴܣǳֿȭȴһҪöԷأݣʯͷԷ˺飬Ƕô̵飿
極ͷЩɵؿҶȻΪҶѪȳеЩڡ
ںˡҶ⿪極ԡסһӣң˵ǹžһǹˣӴҲûԭʼѪȣҶˣǶôõ飿
Ȼõ顭楺ѽҶ˵ΪֻһѪȡһѪȣϲûзı䡣
˵ǹɱѪȵģֻǽԼûǹĻ֮ϣǹ֧ûддʼģҶܽ
ðɣǹ֧ûдġ˵ǣǹŪˡ



154 ¶ҰѵԳ
Ҷûдܾãһ̤֮˷̡
ҲԭģڵѾ˼ϲò״̬֮еķ籩һǶҶİȫ⣬Խ˻㱨
ҶҪһӣҾ֮ʲôᣬڴҵĴߴ֮£Ҳֻɨ˶顣
ȴоðŵ򽫾ӦټʹݷıӻҲ⣬Ͼ籩ĺĪ˹ơ
Ҷ̤ϷɻعͬʱĲУҲһܴ͵ľľޣҪʼڷ޵ĵһͰ
ڲУǷܹɣҶûжٻɣԷڵƶԣУᱻǷΪϱûг
ЭУһİ֣ڸ涼ǱȽϳɫģ鱦ȵȣҶǺүǴ˲Ÿġ
ص֮ҶͱҶүӸȥʻ
͵һôǣϺҵļ¶ˣҶүӼҶһ
ҶƽɸոյֿᣬҲү߶үһ˵
үڵڵҲǱȽԺյģϣ귽ͬ־Ҳίίճ
үȻȫȥˣίҲߵյ㣬ǺүӵӰڣһɲСȻҶңȴҲ൱
ԵɺϣϵĻһ£ܻһЩźġҶԴˣǽ͵Ĳ岻
飬֪˲١Ҷƽ˵ҶԸ鷳Сôһ㣬ŪЩ
¶ҾòӦô⡣ҶȻ˵Ĺòģ˹ҸɣҪչغԷչá
ҶүӵͷͬţǴⷽ˵ƸҲǿԿǵġǹ飬ܹΪһ̸ĻͲϵĸɲԭˡЩͬ־ܴĳЩ뷨˽˵˵ƢӦóΪвοı׼ǵڵĺܶͬ־һϰѳֲסƫܵӰ죬ɥʧְǲõġ
ҶͷүӾүӣĽǶȹȻͨ˲ͬ
Ǽ£ǹҪѸǺܲʵġ
飬ʵںҲƽ
ֻǣѵ˵ҲҶҴһţҶ޷ȷ
ϵҷŹȥ̸ӹеλ೤೤ƫ󣬽ȡҲ㣬Ӧûһǿİ೤ˡҶʾҵĹ뵱УδĴĸսҲкҪĵλӦͬŲսԲĺȡ
ҶƽˣʱȻԭֺֻӹҪƺĴȨİ
Ҷ΢Ц˵ûкô飬ƾʲôϴôԾ
ֻҶƽھ⣬Ҷ幹룬޷ںеΪһͷҲǺȻġ
Ǻүı㣬¶ҶǼƻ÷ֺһѣȡеĿȨ
һ˺ίǣôг͵ҶﵣΣ󺣶еľý滮϶ҪҶƵĺΰͼʵ֣澿ʲô˵ȻǺǺүӿ϶ܹµóҶҵҶ޹Ԯֵġ
жҶҶԣ϶սԲзǳҪһڡ
ǺүҲûѡ񣬺еλȻҪȴǲԷģϾܹմСطҪһ飬οϺںоӪʱܾãδؾҶܹ׽ɳӲȥġ
СĹ뻹Ǽõģֻѡ棬ǵϸϸؿһҶүô˵϶ͬҶĽ顣
ȻˣɳӱֺɳӲУĻװ׵˷һλᣬǾͿϧˡ
ҶҵĺҶǲϤǷҶûʲôӡˡ
ҶƽĥһӣһѡԶΣ
ԶҶүˣϸһĥɵþЦƽ뷨Ҳǲġ
ҶˣȴǹЦ˵û뵽ϰжġ
ԶˣҶţȴ֪Ҷҵˡ
ڲʮͷȴѾϴ꣬ǰʡһؼеίǣǿʡҲõ˼ֻεķֱӵʡȥ
ʡĸʡλ޵úܣһʱ֮ҲʵģԺԶҲֻüίǡ
񺣶߶˻ᣬҶƶһѣʡǱ߶Ҳֵ֧ģҶĶҶӳɶıнΣǱ߶ӰҲܴҶҶɶӰҲǺϺûзôԶκг⣬Ͳܴ
ֻǣԶκгҲе˵ġ
ôĵطŪһպŪһгպʲô˼
ȺڼˣΪѾȫϺҵء
˽ˣҲδؾͻ¶ôȥ⣬û׼ƲһϺҵӰ죬ȷʵûʲôô
Ҷƽ˶һۣүӽ͵ҪǺԶˣҲʣҸҾȥĻܹʵǵĳԶ滮
ţһǱģѡȻſҶүӳܲΪ⣬ʧȥεĻᣬվסš
εľǸεģүӺ͸һԶ飬ҶЦ
ȷʵԣеλ⣬ܹȷչڽĴĸսԣ϶ɲӰ졣
һȥоΣҶүӺȻʵ
һҶҶƽһȥҶĶҶƽ׳˷ĸĳɰԭ£ڹ̳˺ǿҵĲһҶȥȴ֪ܹõʲôô
ֻҶүһʣҲûҶʲôµջ񣬾֪ҶȥȫΪϵ顣
ϧǣҶҪ˵һ˵¶أүʻȻҪһѾһǷѾȫѹƲסˡһιȥ˸˸ľðŵ򽫾һ飬һȵıҲûУʵϣڳ˸Ƿڹ棬ܶѾ֪Ҫˣ
ĻҶүӸҶƽˣǴһû뵽ľѾݻΣյز
ȻҲ˽⣬֪ȽΣգֻû뵽ҶȻ׳Ϣ飬Ҳǰܹй¶ģ˻ǼϢģǵľҲװġ
ȻΣѾҹŰѮ¶Ҷһ֮󣬾ͽڸ˳ָŷһǵ386˵¶ҾͰѵԳˣ


155 ڱһʺ
ȿȣԵԾˣüǮһ̨ءҶүҲѵĬһء
ҶүӸҶƽˣҶϢǳҪ
ĻڰѮ䣬ô۳ɰ񣬶Ѿάϵѩϼ˪ǷͳҲȻ
ڸ˹͹׷µ£û˾
ҶүӲǺͿˣ⣬ʵúϸ¡
ҶҲ˵ˣȻһ壬819¼һᱬļڸ鱨ܹҲǲٵģɸѡķ֮󣬻Ҳܹó߲ڲһԸǷĽۡ
ڵ鱨ȷʵȽ󣬻ͣڼ򵥹ɵĽ׶ΣڽҵķչǷǳġҶȷԼڹ⣬鱨ѾΪҪ֮ףˣǿCIAȡ鱨ͬʱж˽˹ʹ˾ǿ⣬Щӵ鱨зܽᣬóۣܶΪ߲ṩ顣ǹڣܶⶼ͸ǻǰ˵ʯͷӣž÷չٶȵļӿ죬ҵʵͲôˡ
ҶүӵͷҶ˵ȷʵڡ
ڵĺܶߣǵطϵģģڸ־ڿѧ֮ϵеʱΪ쵼һ仰ͻ󶯸ɸȥһк顣
Ǹصظ裬Ľ滮һЩ̵ȵȣʵ쵼־֣ûκ洦
ֻҶүӵҲǲ׸ıģ˶˽ĵģڵƣǸʵ쵼˽һơ
ڸʹ֮£ȻûԸеȨȥʲôѧߣ൱ǰԼȨ͵˱˵УȻû˻ôɡ
һ仰˵ô꣬ò׵ˣͼɶ
飬֪˵Ҳǰ˵ԼеԴ齨ҵʵ鱨˾רѼһЩ鱨Ҷ˵
˽Щ飬ЩסҶүӳһ£ûзԣֻξǲּҵģô״һЩ⣬үүͨһ£ĳЩкڲһͷˡ
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ʵӣΪ˹Ҷү仰Ȼ˵ҪԼｨҵ鱨˾ʵʲôõѡҪӾѼһЩ޽ġ
ҶүӴӦүЭ̽Ǳ߶ִƾ鲿Լˣ¶ܹܿʵԲ׶Ρ
ϴѧ飬ȥɡҶүӳһ£˵
߶ĴѧҲҶ˵
ɲھˣ̫ܸ¶ˡҶүҡͷҶƽ˵ԺСȥǱ߶׵ͷȥɣǽˡ
ҶƽЦӵȷʵǱȽŪҲЩͷ
ʵҸԸȥдѧҶʾãǸϰһҲϳϸǲˡ
ȥУҲ룡Ҷƽ̷񶨵ҵͬѧӦֻҪСӲֵ̫֣סǱ߶ɲҶҵΧȥ¶Ŀ޴ҿɲðǸա
Ǳ߶ǵĶͷҶЩʵ
ҶүӺҶƽ˵ͷʾ⻰˵ˡ
ʵϣУҲҶҵĴͳΧ
еηΧǳӣϵУȽϼңȻˣĻǱ߲Ĳ֣Ȼϲ쵼ɲΪɲ廹Ǳ
ϰ¸ȥ𣿡Ҷʵ
ҶƽҡҡͷЩ黹ûаźãӦ9³ǰоΡ
ίǸǷǳ飬˼붼Ҫͳһ̵ҲҪãҶΪҶƽ˳ίҲһЩͨбȽӰĸϵȵȣҶүӶֱ˽
ӽĽϻǱȽġ
ЩǱ˭ҲѷдϡҶүҲʾһ㸸ȥίΣشģҲҶҽӰ򻪶չһιؼһ³ɣҶؼǿǼҵתͷչзǳҪӰ졣Сһθ游׹ȥһҪסҪ͵һЩɲҸ㸸ͱ¦
ʵүһ˵ûʲô˼ɣҶүҲǵҶ㣬ֻǵ̫󣬷ЩҶƽķչ
ԼӵֶΣҶүӻǱȽϵǵģֻҶھѾͷϳǱ߶ѾʾһЩΪ˱ȥбȽϺãֳʲôҲʰһЩӰҲС
ڸϳҵҶүǱȽϿصģϳҵŮ棬СǳɫܲҶү˽ҲøԼҶһ𣬾ǼżɣԶϳҵǱȽӵġ
ǵϳΪһڣȷʵЩҲסҶүӵ㲦Ҷԣ㻹ȥȽϺãʵĻǱ߶Ҳһ̹ˡ
ҶһʱͿЦˡ
û뵽ҶүԼȥ飬ȻΪϢģΪսˡ
Ǳ߶˭ҶЩƽϵģԼȥǱ߶¶֪󷽺ͬ־ԼԴ˵СѺܿɰ
ҶմմϲԼֶ˵أԼѾһʺ˰
ҶүӶָ˼룬ǿʵڣҪաнڡַ룬ܺڣҶƽҡ
ѶȿɾʹˡҶͷԼӦУǱ߶Ĺϵһ۲С
ڵҶƽΣӦûһµʱ䣬ʱ䣬ȥһӣΪҶƽ̽·ӣһѡ
ôʲôüĿˣҶүЦʵ
üͷ˼⣬ҶүӾЩֺǺǵģʵҶҲԼ˵ģֻصıȽ򲻵ѵʱ򣬲Ըعѡ
ܹҶƽƿ˴֣ЩӻǼǱȥΪãȴʱʱͻȻԼǲܹơ
ʱû뵽ʲôɡҶ˰ֵûʲôҾˣҪȥҶүү̸¶үү̨ʵеʱˣûǻһ̨486Űɡ
Щֱ𣿡Ҷү˵ͷȻԸȥ飬386Ի486ġ
ͷʱȴҶƽЦţЩʵСЦʲô
ǾãСĶ㻻ԣǵԤⲻ׼ҪԵ̨԰ɣҶƽЦ˵
Сӣ֪Լ·ҶүˣҲЦ


156 
³ʱ򣬹ڹϷ˺ܶ顣
ϣķ˹Ѯϵĵһվ
ձãձʽ̸̸͹ԭϾμӲɢԼ
м䣬˾һΣ߶һ
ҶͬҶƽǰзչԾһЩ飬Ҫ
ԭϣľƵꡢк͵ۺֲ⣬ҶʣصľҶƣǹϻڲϾЩһִĲҵ
ҲڿʼӰˣɲеʱ䶼Щϡ
ԴӸҶӴԺͷ֣ϰֻҪץһЩ¾ͿԣС¶ȫԷõȥֻҪһ׺õƶȣӯ⣬չ⡣
еܸͲأʱѾͶ׶ΣǱ߶Ҳǳϣֵⷽķǳͨһг˼ȫеʮɵ½ĽУ㷺ʹܸŴ
һĹһֱæµţҲ൱ɹۡ
ǺôҲԶ׼ģʹùܸŴûⶫȷʵãöҿȥǳɾõʱҲ㣬ûôĽ
һЩ߶û˵жԻǿҪʱԲƳ˫пղŴⶫܸͲ֮޷죬÷ǳԣһƳܵûǵĹ㷺ӭ
Щɵ·õĳɹʹúеĳõ˺ܴҲǵܸͲ룬ѾвؿţѰˡ
뷨ʵ£ȫΧ˽ʮҵķֹ˾ϾͿȫˡ
ҶԴ˵ûж˵ʲôֻԸݸؾ÷չĳ̶ȣȴӾϺõĵʼ֣ҪһڳԳɸӣȴǺܱҪġ
ԴҲͬģڵԣҪڸʡҲǺֻܴСĸδؾԸȥǮ
ʡԥʡӵкǿӰֻǻȥתһȦ͸㵽˵Ϣʡ֮ҲܹʱʡӰȫ˳ؽܸŴƹȥ
Ҷһ£ҲûʲôףֻҪһҿ׶оͿˣԼֽǿҲõʲô޷Ƶľ棬Ǳ㽨迪дȫΧ˽߸ء
뵽飬Ҷ;Ӧøϳҹͨһ£迪еĴȨ׼ȫƿأ迪лϾ͵ͬϳҵ˽һ㡣
ϳҵĺŮûŶأѾʼˡµʱ򣬾ͲɵҪҶ䣬⻰ܾЩġ
Ҫ˵Ҷʱûʲô̫뷨ҶС߰꣬ǸʮĴӣȻ˵ǱȽ죬Ҳ˲ٺøУ˵Ҫȥ⻹ǱȽϴġ
ҪģСȥѲţ۲ݵɰ
СھǺӰŮˣȻȽעһ㡣
ڵۺֲ棬ڵϳҵ˹
ڵ绰Ҷ뷨֮󣬱ʾȽϸȤֻ鲻ɸ˹ȥǢ̸
Ҷ͸ԼڵۺֲӴˣ̸һ̸顣
һ֮ϳҵ˳ˣֻҶееԾ
û뵽СȻԳˣòƽŮӣȥòˣȴһƣϳҸλɳıڡ
ǳ棬ҶеΡ
ΪϳҵŮһ¶ȷʵе˼
ҲйģһμҶһʱ򣬾ȻʶҶһ
ⷽλСδؾǺܻء
Ҷվӭȥ
ҶҲûоúܾ棬֮ǰ׳˵ˣҶǣͷȻﵽʮңǷչǰãг淴ǿңܹռȻܸĿӯǺǿġ
ֻǳ沢ûдҶͷҪǰ߹ʱ򣬲Ҷ޳ܵظסˣһһ¡
СˣҺ㰡ҶڳһܲõЦݣضԳ˵
һЩţƺСûܹ˴ֻǰɴ۾ðŷӦɵúҶһۣå
ֱŷԼϾȻ˺ܶСɳӣôȵ棬ʵǺĸо
Ҷʾʱ򣬳Ůھ͸ˣؿҶֻҪһ£ͰҶٴȥˡ
áܿͻָ˹ƹҶ̬򷽵֡
áҲһַǳŵ̬潫һ
ŮһʽػʺҶɵƲƲ죬˵װ飬Ů˱ҪǿˣϾơ
ȻҶǺܻƻյģȻַڱǰ棬š
ţֵλŮǿ˶ЩؿҶ֪ڸʲôá
ޢTresorСƷλ治ҶȻ˵
ıôЩؿҶ˵
Ҷ˵ûõޢTresorˮһˮȥƳģշƸᣬǡӵҡԻΪŰ붫ɫʣԶӣƿӵڻŮԽļֶصĻŮǵֿ
֪ˮڹں٣ԶҶһ¾Tresorеǳ棬û뵽ݳƷʶ룬ɵöҶ߿һۡ
ҶĻʱʧˣTresorӵңҸոոӵǶôа
޳ܡһ۵ֻ֮вûжֵĳɷˡ
ڴʱѾһ߶ȻСλˣȻҲûʲôҪǰ氭ۡ
ˮоô˵˵õʲôˮȻҶ뵽ղŵ飬̲סһ䡣
ҶӣƺҪʲôŪЩΣˮȻƷλıرƷǱһôһȥȴҲ˲ڵġ
õǵϰµPoisonҩҶ˵һˮҲ
ϰ1985ƳPoisonνǺ䶯һʱһȡҩʯ쾪ЧϰάʿΪPoisonƳеᣬʢһʱ
ʱҪα봩ˮɫװһʱ֮仨ĴС߼ʱװ궼æˣΪɫƣڱ
PoisonζŨңʺϽŮʿ
Ȼǹӡֿۣ϶ҶĴ𰸡


157 ҾԲǸ
۲ѺáҶʾôģΪ˳С㣬˵лһ£ҲˣȮƶңʵе˺İ
ðɣҴˣˡǣҪ𣿡һ̯
Ҷͷ˿ֿ˿棬ڻ˵ҡ
Ҫһƿ裬ںţĻʱе̿ͱǺ
ʵƷλˣӦպüܣʶŮ˾һ֡Ҷ˵
ŶҵˣҶƷλܸߵģ˵濴Ҷ˵
Ʒλϸڣϸھɰܡ˵Ʒλһ̬ȣһεǻۺͲƸҶɳУƷλĵһҪأƷƣ΢֮ãһķʽԾƵƷλܿһ˵Ʒλ
ô˵ƹƷλˣȱʾ顣
ܲҪңҰѻ˵ꡣҶЩؿһۣڶҪأǻ˶˶ȻһҪᰮһ˶ǽ룬һƷλ֡
ٴξˮˮεʱзţҲһָ֣ÿϲװƵ˶ӦһʺԼˮҶ˵ȻƷ衢߶򣬻ղء߶Ȼݳߵ˶ҲԽԽΪλƺеоȻ߶ȴƷλղأȷʵҪһĻ̲ת治һװġ
ƺҲЩҾøĳ˵Կ䡣һ¶ߵķ˿˵
˵صϲװ۵
˵ͷʾͬܵ˼
ϲװΪװŮ˿ûȺгװ˭Ҷ˵̾ͷλŮʿƺԼ˵Ϊæת˻⣬ȻˣΪһ˵ռƷλѡӣװôã˭Ҳܷϣѡӵ۹һռƷλ
ҶĻﶼĥһ
׿˵Ƿһ㣬ҶĻеģȥһ⼸ʶĻԲһȤˡ
ֻܿͷӦˣЩм˵Ҿøûô鷳
Ŷʲô߼ҶЩطʵ
ܾԼһܽᣬǱȽϵλģ벻ﻹʲôܹʤùԼ˵Ȼǰﲻǹ⵷ҡ
˵ЩνƷλʵ˵ʵӲʵȽԵ÷ǳˡ˵
ʲôӲʵҶ⻰˼һЩ
Ӳʵһ£Ц˵ͱҶ㣬ֻҪվڳϣһҶƽĶӣҶǬӣԾͰо߶ˣ
˵⻰֮ʱЦԱ߶ĳҲЦ뵽Ҷƽʱż¶ӣôĻǸһǳ
ҶˣȻЦ˵ģȴҲеͨúò˵ĺã˵úòװĺãװĺòĺãһȷʵһˣֻǳʲôļͥĲԼܹѡġҸ˵⻰϶ֻᱻװƣλС˵˵϶ɣ
һҲǣίԱĶӣֳίӣһڣܹѡԺӵˣûм
֪ҶԼСһĳС㣬ҲҪڼӰ£ŸҶнӴ
СĻҶڹͣȻֿ͹۴ڵ״˸̵ʶҶĿҲһЩı䡣
һʵһЩȡ֮ģٲϳ¼ӣȫһӻӵĲݰ֮⣬ûκεŵԡ
̸飬ܳɵίУǳ֪¶Ҷڲ룬óҶӴһ£顣
ӳɵҶСӴǰ;뾩ЩӵܱȽȫͬһϣҶƽ˽ҶƽΪҲȽϷģټҶҵĹز࣬Ծ;ŮǼ޹ȥҲίȻҪҶΪ
̸Ǻϸ£ϾʮڵĴЩҪ˽ıȽģŮһһ߶Ź裬һ߶̸⣬ǱȽעĿֻҶһ߶ɳϰţһ֧ĺţһ㣬һǲӵܣŵЩҪڨˣ˻ȥ
ϾҶ쵽ͣܶ˶ӡûбҪΪŮʹҶٵùͷ
ۼˣʱѾϳλŮһλǵۺԭϰһλǾǳҵĴС㣬λһλסȫҪ˵λͬʱ֣߶Ҷٳ䵱ʹˡ
Ȼȴڽ迪ӵжµͷΣҲĶ£һҶŮǱȽϸߵġ
Ҷֻһ⣬ܴóĴɵЩȣ׼δ޵ȷʵЩأֲϳ䱦ҪɳүΪѡ
ˣҶڵҪʲô꿼𣿹ֻҪһϢȥҪŮ޽ǧͰҶҵżˡ
Ľ̸˺ܳʱ䣬Ҷɳϣ˵ƣ֪ؾ˯˹ȥֱʱ򣬲˫ۡ
ô˯ˡҶһ۾Ϳĳ棬ɵЩԾ˵Ƶĺ󾢶ͦģʧˣʧˡףôܣ
أüͷ˵
ĻҲءҶ̱ʾ⻰˵㲻ˡ
ΪʲôҪˣһѵӾͻܸˣ
⵹ҲǡҶ˵ͷԳĻʾͬ
ʲôʱȥ飿ͣһºʵ
ҶͷƺܿɣҪǰȥһ£ƴѧڸǱ߶
ų棬ҶȻ˵һԼҲеĻҪ᲻ãھ߶ϴѧҲһģͷǸһ֪ͨС
㡣ЦôҸоôãҶţһʶûŴ
ҰˣʵȤġҲΪȻ
ûһӣҶʵãҪһĻ𣿡
ͻȻ⣬ҶҲһ⣬ɫȽ֣أڿЦҶҲص˵վϣ޷ܾšվҸ˵⣬Ҿãѡң϶ҪѡҪúܶࡣҲϣõһǾԲܻһ
ҶĻ˵úϣҲˣ֮ŵ˵ͷ˵Ҳ̹ϣһŵɡ
ҵŵʵأҶȴû˵
ΪʵҶҵƣ֮䣬ҪиĹͨС


158 ѡ
ô˵ţҶʵ
һۣŹȣԶҶ˵ĺ䣬ڲ񣬲˵
˵˵ֲˣе黹˵㣿԰ɣҶʵ
Ҫ濼ǿඡ汧Ź裬Ҷ۾˵ѵҪȻΪʲôô
û˵ʲôֻͻҶ֮еȽĹϵһκȿȵʱһҶΪ޵ģѲ֮Ĺϵ
ֻǳҲ¶ƺеܣϾҶ֮߰꣬ҪʲôڰɣҲߵˣδؾܹиձҵСкʲô顣
ҸûʲôǵذѵæѡҶȻʲôʵ֮ȷʵװ׵ģһζѣһ֮⣬ûйʲôϵĽӴ
Ҳšҡҡͷĺɡ
㲻ţҲûа취ϾҲ֤Ҷһֵ̯ܸ飬һʼȷʵҽȥģڿȥһƬãҪսֻǰæѡ
һôҲûУЩ˼
ܸͲĿӺǱ߶ӪڷǳĿȫصķ̷׷УҪĿںеĹ˵ʮʼմ״̬Ҳһ൹ͣӲͣҲ޷㶩Ҫ
ΪˣżҪȫ˽ദܸͲأԷֵصѹг
ôõĿзȻǷǳԸṩģʮʴĿôƵȥ
ҸӪ״еͶһ֮ڿ϶ܹرзͲҪĻʲծĽ
浥Ͷߵ̬飬;ҶûɷŹôõĻᣬܸĿˣҶڴҵӡУʵͶʷ沢ռôõĻᣬҶΪʲôҪ˱ˣ
ǷϳҵǰĿҲǱȽ϶ĵģҶͶĿ涼һȥ뷨ŪǮȥ⹺ߣװ֮ͿͶ򵥵飬ֻҪʽ˭
ȻˣĿżʽ棬һ˿϶治תõз֧֣һܹзʮڵˣԲͨɫ
Ϊз˿֮⣬ҲҪδпֵܳľߣǴһӵϣضܸĿĻڵгܹҵ
ڵĺܶĿһƬкȻģĽѵ
Գ˵ҪؿǣҲûеֻҶ鵱𵽵ãе档
ŮľǺ̫ǿҶЩε˵ʵҶǰȻûʽƣҲûԼʵͶʣǲζԺûУʵϣҵѾƿ൱ģһʽ𣬼ȫʽܸĿҲʲô¶ֻʱһһЩ뷨Ҫȥʵ֣ԷˮˣȻ뵽ǼҵУͨĿҲܹ׬ٵĺôôùϿҲ
Ҷʽˣôû˵еǳ档
зΪʽϵƣڹڸҵʽǳУԹڻʲôµľñ仯ƣǵģҶһרעھϵķչٸطҵ򽻵Ҷҳ˵Ҷмʵ壬һȽϴĻֹ˾֮⣬ûĴʵҵ
ôҶҼǲȱǮʽҲԲᳬһڣԳеҶĿƺ棬ʮڵͶҲֻëëѣⲻܲóе⣬Ҷʣȷ£ҶѾ˳ʽۣ
ҶĻʵôҶδͶĿԣҲǷǳģ治ܲϸ⡣
ðɣ迪жܸĿǳȤԸʴ˾Ҫ֪̣ǻʲôѺϾʮڵͶĿʮ顣
㿴ѺϳɲɣҶЦ˵
Ҹ˵ġЩ̸ֵʱ򣬲ҪӸ˸顣
ðɣרҵءҶͷǱ߶мֵԪķͶʣѺӦÿ԰ɣ
Ԫ濴Ҷı飬ǿһֻСޡ
Ҷһ̹Ȼɳϵ¿һ顣
ȷûзգʵ۸̴ֱʻ¸Ҷˣ֮⣬ʵ벻ôô̵ʱڣۼԪĲƸ
˵һҶͷ㲻ҺоӪͷ𣿼ԪҶԣҲ̸ֻЦ֮͸㶨ѽ
һûпʾ
Ȼô˵ǳȴǸеޱ𾪣ҶƭĿԲǺܴҶû˵ѣôֻһֿԣҶѾʼӵңʼ㾭ˣ
۵ķزͶгһֱȲУϳµͶʷרǣҲΪ۵ķزгӭһϴڵۻعԭҲ⿴δۻһǱ深ٵľԵƸۻعǰյ˼
Ҷ۷زгͶ˼Ԫʽô֮潫Ƿǳġ
óеģҶҾͨʲôֶΣʽԭʼۣ
ϾⲻһСĿƾðġ
ȻҶھӵǿҲ㹻ӰǴһңүӽ֮ǰǸ㾭ùģֱϳҲŵķһֱչڸĸ￪֮ϵıͼ峤ߵ֪ȾŴһƬҵ
ҶûгҶүӺҶҵ˻϶ǴӾûд̵ģôֶͨΣ˾޴棿
֪ҶүΪֱֱҪǴｫҵʽתˣҲֻԱȽϿ׶
ǲе벻ͨҶŽʾ֭˼ĳ棬Цʵ
ȷʵ벻ͨ淢Լյϣ֧飬ǾͺܸɴҡҡͷҰɣ
ЩװɣͶ˵ȥġôŮӣҲӦð˼ȨҶеЦضԳ˵ЩõɫָͷɫţɣҸѡ񡣵һһ£̸ôһ¶ڶȵ֮Ҽһϸ㣬ϸ͡㿴Σ


159 Ҹɵ
Ҷ˵֮۾һգգؿų棬ҪηӦ
Ҷƺ˼⣬ͣһ֮󣬲̧ͷЦЦضҶ˵ĵҿûĵ졣
ǴѡһˣҶ̰˹ȥ
ҲûпպŹ裬Ҷϻ˼£ϻһֻСڹꡣ
Ҷеģֽһ£ȻɫĹۼһҲⰡֱӾ͸ԼϻˣǳɫģҪɫĻǾ͵ÿУһˡ
ҲǺ¶˵֮ĹϵѾȡͻƣ治ҶˣԲŻľٶˣôҲҶҶٵϻ
ҪѡڶˡҶֽӵһ߶Ц˵ҵǵ͹ˣղŲǻ˵ûĵ𣿡
ҼȲѡһҲѡڶ˱ӣЩ˵ΪʲôҪĹأҾһѴ𰸸ңҰѴ㣬Σ
ҶˣӣԼ׼δ޻ǱȽģһĲþܾ
ʵҶҲľȨ϶ڳ
֮ǰҶͨ绰ʱ򣬻Ѿ¶˵ˣӳŮǢ̸ҵ϶ͬµģʮҵľ޶׵ؽ
ɳҪŮ뵽ʵ˳Ҷ֮ĸ飬νࡣ
ҶܹеĹؽڣȻ֪еĳʵܳΪ룬ֻʵûбҪϣСŮӦöһģҪֳһ˼
лŮأολС㲻ĻԼԺţõŷô
ǰһӺսʱûע⵽ʯڻƣҶ룬淢ʵ
ôҲԵʵģⷽȽ˽ĻͲҪôˣ仰ܹԴ˲˽⣬ǾҪһ࣬ʯڻһͲС
ҶΪҵļѧԨԴϵͳָЩڷҵǣ϶࣬ƳӦ֪һЩⷽ
Ȼ֮󣬾͵ͷش֪ģʱʯڻгĲܴ󣬼۸ֺӢ˿ս֮ͼѸٵԭλãһһĻܴ󡣿ϧǣǶڹʯڻгϤʱҲûܹ׼ȷжϳƣʧȥ׬ǮĻᡣ
ᵽ¶ʱ򣬳ЩϧϾĺû᲻ʲôʱܹģȻ˵еĹѲƵɣǹϵ鲻ôһ¶ôֻҪԼҵǽǶǮ׬İá
˵ˣԼǽǶˣʵҲٵģ˼һǻ÷ǳҲûпһΪ¶ͱġ
ЩûбıΪԭ򣬱߳䵱ˡ
ڵķʦ̫һҶͷ۵ԭʵҪھ鱨Ѽ첻㣬ΪϢĲԵȣԵ·ʦ޷ȷʱжϣи˿еĻᣬȴҲΪִ㣬ʧ
û뵽ЩؿҶû뵽ⷽ黹ͦ˽ģǸеЩˡ
ڳӡУҶȻɹ̳ҶүӸ߾׳֮λǴӹǼӦûƫھһЩġڳӡУӦԸȽϴһ֣ھ÷Ƕ̰塣
ҶĽӴоͷ֣ԼӡһЩƫҶھ÷˽⣬ƺԼ٣ĳЩгԼͷóСеǳ⡣
Ҫ֪ҶҶٵۣǰһֱ竣ôͻȻ֮Ǳ˸Ƶģʼâˣ
ʵҲܺ⡣ҶԳ˵ÿһ˶Ҫϵؽ޷Ӧʱı仯ÿһҲҪʱͻᱻǰ˳ɣ˵ϳ¼ңʱļ壬עҪûȥġҶǰȻǳھҲ䣬Ӧٱ仯ʱ
Ӿ򾭼Ȧת䣿Ҷҵδԣʵ
ҶЦЦȻûô򵥣ǿ϶Ҫģֻһʽ⣬Ҫ仯Ļϰ֣飬ʵҲһֳԣҶϵľɫʣȫλչ
Ҷƽ飬ʵҲǳҶ
вͬڹУΪһָĹʻУڸĸδչͷУǷǳӵģҶƽܹԦе֣ܹһָĸжռͷôͻΪԼ춨ȨĵĻΪгί׼
Ҷ飬ҲǽҶ򾭼չĻ֮ϣһľûпӰʮǰǶǽĵĴУķչ
ʵϣ˭飬ıսսΪжȫʵ̫ҪˣɼӦãһʲô⣬ͺױ޷Ŵ󣬽һλǰ;ίԱǰ̡
ͷʾҶĻ⣬ֻЩֵ˵˵˰죬ҾеˣҶҵʽԴҳʲôתˣЩŶ
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Īǣʱֹʯڻʽ𣬾ȻҶң
ĻΪʲôû˲鵽ʽˣҲͿԽˣ漰Ҷҵʽеǰ취ʹúۼĨƽˡ
뵽ϳ¼;ʽ⣬Ҷҷѹ飬ˣԭʱȷ£ֻҶҵַûκץסѱѡ
ѹҶ˵ʮڵʽʲôԭ˳ԣʽ֮ϳҴһǲԸⱩ¶ҶҵʵһҲпԽõͼϾһʴΪϳҴ档
濴ҶøӴԽ࣬ԽԼСһĴк
Ҷϵĺƣһڣ֮еĳ棬΢΢һЦҸɵġ


160 Ҷҵ˶װ
ص֮ȻԼе׹еĸо
ѾͷôصӣɸոӦϴһЩŮһı飬Щʵ
ҡҡͷЩƵ˵ûʲôֻԭеһֻͻȻתϻַЩܲ˶ѡ
˵ҶɣһĥˣҶСӣҲûʲôܹԼѾͷе˾ˡ
ʵϣʱҶҲûʲôӡֻǷҶٸǣһЩͻܺͣӦͷʽ
Ҷ飬ǳүģʱɵЩΪȻүЩͿˣȻ˵ҶҵȷʵչĺܺãδؾһҪַͨʽ֮ĹϵҶΣö֪
ҶɲſʼˣӴԽԽ֮󣬾ͷҶСȷʵЩѰѹֳүӻῴ
˵ͬ־ҲʾϧûʵŮҶŮܲģⷽƺүи൱Ůմˡ
ôܹó涼еˣôƽӹ
еüͷԸ׳˵
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Ҳһһ۾ܹ˿öôǳЦŶŮ˵ʵʹңҵҶƽҲûп͸ڵҶƽЩĿ࿴ˡ
˵һ֮ǰ˵Ҷƽ֣ƴҶ˵һˡ
ڣҶƽѾ֣Ҽίǣı仯ڳҶƽѿҲЩ˼ģֻ˵ҶƽȻΪ˶غ֮£ҲԼ뷨ġ
ҶҵˣǱȽϻװһ
װֺγһֱ£ҶҶƽҪƤװǱ̲꣬һ֣𶯷ھ֮ϣǱ°
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Ҷ˰˲ǵҪεȻʯڻгľ޴գһŲпѪ޹顣
ҲʣȻҶҲȱǮôҪд
⣬ҲʹҶش˵Ҷҵʽ϶Ͷ¥УҪ¥Ļᣬ׬һʣҪֱûͶʵҵߺܶ࣬ʽȥ㣬ؼʱܹõϡ
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Ҷ˵ûУ˵ֻǵذæеɡش
ȻҶ˵ûУǾûˡɰ˰ֵҶôص鶼˵ˣ鶼Сڣ޹أûбҪΪЩ˵ѡ˵ҵҶûһϵҲ˵ͨġ
ʵڳɵҲеͿ㲻ͨҶ֮䵽׸ʲôã˵ǰϳ¼ҵϱȻַˣҲھ͸Ҷҵӽһ
ƫƫͳҶΪıߣѡһѵõĺĿΪȥȷʵ˾ЩԻ󲻽⣬ճƶϣ֮ȻһЩϵάϵš
뵽Ҷҳ֣ƻϺҵĺΪίǣҶϵĺԶгҲ˵ҶҶںķչǳעҶƽίǣ뵽Զκгһϵеı仯˵ҶҵĹģѾʼغͶغƫˡ
ôںеͶʣҲĿĵġ
Ҷ˵ͶʵķزѺȡʮԪͬˡԸ׳˵
ɵͷȴ˵ѺͲˣʰһˮ׼ͿԡҶֲͨˣûбҪϸϸʲôϰǰװ˷һ顣ʱ˵ذ죬ʲô㵣žС
Ŷ˵ͷ˵ҪԼҶҵǰ̬ҳҶҵ飬˾ĵġ
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飬ߵĺԤҶ飬Ȼ楣˵ŮӸҶ֮ĹϵҲе岻ģ楸ǳһҴ촬صܣһӦ
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ҶȴҲæǱ߶ҲϢУսݣһ˷ޣһ׬˼ֵǧʯ鱦ĵĴ֮Ѿг׼֮󣬼Ͷ뷿زг
֮ԻȥһȦΪ˰ȫ⣬˵˾ϴǮ
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ĵı죬ڶ˽⣬ڽڷҲ׼רҵģǶ鱦гűȽ˽⣬ɨβǡġ
֧ðŵ򽫾Ун꣬ʵǺܶ࣬ҪΪǶʽת̲ǷǳϤԶӯҲȱʶҶҪŪһǣҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ӷǱ߶õĻر϶Իƽ鱦ʯ㣬ӻʱҪֽҶֱṩģĲ͵ĲȷԣԲֻ֪׬Ǯ׬˶Ǯ˵׼ˡ
ҶĵȥУʼӰеʿ׼ΪҶƽĵû
ʱܿ͵819գҶڽӵڻĽϢ
绰Ǿðŵ򽫾Դģڵ绰Уðŵ򽫾ЩŵضҶ˵ڶˣͳͳ䣡
ȻѾ֪ᷢǵ֪Ϣʱ򣬾ðŵ򽫾ʱҲеЩãȻδηϸ˵г㯡


161 ޷ţ
Ѿˣڣ׬ǮΪԼһ·ɡҶԾðŵ򽫾˵
ʱҶУʵҲƣ൱Ĳġ
ͻȻеڣѸҶƽŪҲ֪ǶԻǴ
ҶеУӡеУʵȥԶ
ʱֶδʼоһͷظϻţ֮һ˰нȴڽ͵ʱԭ̤
иҶӡǣн賤ͣͲǰòѣձൽʱееĳòƺͣʮˮƽ
еķݽṹԾʽŪΪҪĵؿ齫2000ƽס
ΣݵĴڣԼϰվסĸƣʩ谭˳оúķչ
·խͨӵˮ̵ȱúͨѶӦϴ⣬һֱĳзչ
Ҷ֮󣬳ֱеϿתһȦ˲ʵƬɫͱúܲҲֹ۲
٣ɫܲءҶСӲ족壬Ҷĳɫ̲ס˵һ䡣
ҵɫٲҲȲĻҶ̾˿
ֻĵضо鷢չж󣬿Ǵӿôһеľ󶼾۵ףЩõķӣխӵŪ޹滮ĽֵӻһĳȷʵҶз
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죿Ǿίļ𣿣ЭϯˣӻöүںŪҪ֪ˣͳҮ͸򣬴⻹п˸ϯƷ򡢹չǰͿŵͳ񲿳ոˣôӴֻܼ죿Ҷͬ־Ҳ֪Ǵģ
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ֻǴҿҶǬҶү̬ȫκεıһʱ֮ҲЩɣ֪ǷӦóᣬ侮ʯһ
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Ҷүûͬ־˼ʲô⣬û仰һ
үӵ۾溮һ˵Ȼ˰ҶίǵλãȻʱʱҶûüӦǴʱعζ˶׷׳ಲˡ
үӶԴҲȫ׼Լίȷģһ־磬֮ȻлĻû۵ıҪҲûΪ˶Թڷ̫ıҪ⽻ӦԣھίְȨ֮ڣȨ๡
үӵᶨ˼Ǻ׵ģǵľ϶ΪרҵģǵľҲ룬Ϊǲרҵ
Эϯ˶үӵĻᶨҲɣȴҲܰΣүԣίȻоί·򣬽ͬ־һ׳ҲĪκΡ
ðɣǰɣǾĿԴˣЭϯһ
ôǣ߲ôģ䣬ͳ֮󣬾Ȼ춼סܣ


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ֵܣŵ飬ڻϷ˱Ƚϼҵĳͻֵֵ֮ļӦøܹĳЩԾʾҶǲܱƵġ
Ҷүָָɳʾү£ٰ꣬Ȼ⵽˰칫档
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飬ΪƽԵʡҶү˵һƶƽ֣ĺ۵һˮɣȽ˳˻ζˣ־治ˣҪҵë
үӵͷҾҲô¶ôҲǻ
ҶҵĹϵߵñȽϽһЩͻȻǻԵеˡ
⣬ƸϺҶүԼͷŵ˵Ƹǰϵ֮УҲġ
ǰ֮ǰܹĶݣҶҷֺλеίǣһԾһȻǰĲͷǰ߶һӣϹҲסԽⷢӣҲͷͷ˵ĻҲи̬ȿɱ
ͷҲеŮ飬ҪָͣүӺеΪȻͷеˡ
ҶүҡҡͷѶˣ̸Ҳûʲô˼飬٣Է춼ֲ
һȺں֮ڣ춼߿ˣҪڹڵĻָ㷨һ춼ֲүһػش
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Ǹͳʲôģ¶һ·ûڸǷֻƳ룬ûвȡʲôҵֶΣǷ˻ܹ磬Ī˹ڵľҲǷǳңȻפˣִвÿƵĲһҲûп˹ͳҶգѾʼ֯ˡүƲƲʵ֮ǰıӾѾ˵һһʧܵ䣬ûдﵽκεĿ꣬ǴٳĿ
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ᳬ죬ⳡͻʧܣ̬ȴһ󣬴һʵϾѾˡү˵Ҳ㱦˵ġ
Ҷүֻ뷢Цұӻ˵ʲô
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Сӡ١ҶүˣЦЦҲЩ
˵ҶĵҲûеġ
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Ǹ߲㲻εľеķչǱģ鲻Ǹ߲ڹעʵ񷽺ͬ־ͬ־йעеķչͬ־Ǵ߳쵼ɲȻҲһĸ顣
м㲻֪ͬ־Ѿί̷ʤܵа츱ˡҶүӺȻ˵
ˣӦǽͬ־ˡүĥ
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ҪίǣίԱģѹס̷ʤ֮ǰǸһȻǺѶȣڽͬ־а츱ΣǹҪǰĻҲܲ˵ԵĻ
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ҶүӺͶүıһ֮󣬻һЩ
գǴۣΪֽ£бһλίԱУίίԱҶƽǰֹίһְͬ־ԺθЭùԺճ
821գҶƽרл䡣
ίҪ쵼ǰϻȥĺͬ־£ǰӭӣ˼̵ĽӻʽҶƽʱ
ϣҶΪϰֵĵӷ硣
ҶеĻҶƽ˱ȽϸĽܣнķչ򡢳нһЩ룬еԼ쵼ɲǣҲṩһЩܡ
ҶƽȡҶĻ㱨ЩοϾǴֵܣӱԼӹؼʱ򿿵סһͿʼΪԼǰˡ
ڳԷʱ򣬾յһǱ߶Ϣ
ǺǣȻϣǷػĪ˹ƣӵ꣬״̬ίԱ̨ˡҶҶƽ˵һ־䰡
ͬһʱִ̣Ҳ׷׽ӵ˹Ƶı棬֪Ƿػͳ̨ʱ˱֪Ѿˣ֮ηδ֪ڿٱ߾Σʧˣίжȷġ
ģЩݰǣҰװ׶ӡЭϯõϢ֮Щ㬵һ䡣
ֻǣȻˣδƱԽ˭Ҳ֪ϴ۹ηһ֮⡣


163 үӷ
ϴοᣬίܵɣЩΪүүʹˣʺϼ쵼֮ҶƽԶҶ˵
ֻϵ飬û漰Ƚе飬ҶƽҲ⽫ҶйصĲ֣Ҷһ
ѵиõѡҶüͷʵ
齫̷ʤнΪί׳Ҷƽش
̷ʤǸнҶЩ죬漴뵽ʲôŶѲ̷ʤܵĸ磿ǽͬ־һϵˡ
̷үʱĸӣֱԡ֮ܡĸģֻֻλھθУ̷ʤнԼа̷ʤܸΡ
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ǰʱ򣬽ͬ־Ǳ־ģҶھܿ죬ˣλˣҪȨˣҲе顣Ҷƽ̾˿
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ӹ˴ͳĸվȨУûʮĵڴͷλϣҪȨҲǲɱġ
ɴʡҶ̶ָûдְһѪҲûУӥҲҪСˡȨһֳȥ̷ʤҪί߲㣬ŶҲûУҶұȫƣҶҪȫƣҲҪγɹʶҪλίȦӣõ˵һ³ϲУ
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ѵܹ˵ʮľӣѾɸһȺ
ֻ˵ȥ϶û˻ŵġ
ִ϶ҪģҲҪΪҵִ豣ݻǾӲһ궼̣ûоսϴľӣʲô𣿻߻սʱڵء
̸˻֮Ҷ͸үӹ˵绰˵顣
ǵסģһŵ̬Ⱥ̷ܼʤ˵ֵ˽ĺߣҪͨģҶҲھһãȺ֮ġүӶ飬Ҳеͷ
̷ʤûʲôøУ֪ģϲ̸ȴʵʣĶУھûжļ⣬ͬ־뷨ȷʵе̫һЩھλǣҲе顣
һͷʨӿ԰һȺʨӣһͷҲ԰һȺʨӱ򡣡Ҷ˵ξı׶˺ܶ࣬ܿʮҪսĻ֮ûˡ԰ϹսУõĽѵ𣿡
԰һսΪӼʮûоս涼˻һʼӴʧʧ൱أѻϽһ֮ŽӦ˹󽫰ϹüɹǱѡ
ҶүӶڴ£ȻǺģ˵Ҷ¶ʱҲǳ˼һ¡
үү˼δؾзԵ뷨ү˵
Ƕүһ˷ԵĻȻǵסģҶүҲԵĻȴγһҶҪƾȨĲӡôһ˵л˿ɾͶˣҶδķչûʲôô
ҶҵڣҶүӸүѾûʲôչĿռˣѾ㣬ĶϣϵҶƽ֮ҶƽѾ֣Ҫָ볣̫ʵĲʡ
ҶүҲãүҲգ̷ʤλϣԸԵ
ֻҶ˵ĻҲûеȡᣬͷѽ
һ飬Ǻðˡү̾˿
ҶԴȻһа취ˡ
ôүˣʱЩ档
ǲ¶ΪҲѧΪһ£Ȱ飬ëҶ˵
˵˵뷨үӶԴ˷ǳȤ
˵ʵڵģҶҵʵ϶ǺͨȨıģҶүӺͶүӵʱ϶ǱȽżȻλᣬһЩϣûôӣһ鶼ܹǣ˵棬Ķǵ
һҶƽȥУû·ɻأİսѾʼˣܲ˵ҵѾ˳Ľչ
ֻıԶˣᣬ̷ʤˣ鱨߲ıǱȽϺʵģҪ߲㣬еˣҶŻʾԡ
һκս¶ܶ۽ϵԴΪԾĹһЩҲΪ˹Ұȫ룬ӵִúø㣬۷ָҪǰʬλز͵ˣҪеһεġҶԶү˵
үˣʱҶǳʵԣվסš
ΪѧΪ߼ٵĵطָ˼⣬ִ跽صͺôӵĸӰܴ
һκս֮һЩ¶⣬˵ڸ÷ǳʬλزҲΪ
үһĥ;ҶǳѵõģǿԽ˳һڶ
Ļ²ί׳ķ֮¡
Ȼ֮ھίڲĸ߼ϣϰλ棬үӾʹ̸ִҪԣִļҪأͬʱھĹ;Ϣͺ
Ϊĸˣ̷ʤнòϾ˼뷽©֮쵼㸺ҪΡ
һʱ֮䣬𾪣˵үϻˣ


164 渴
ƽĶۣڹִ跽оȷʵǱȽˡĳ̸̷ʤнһʱҲò͹۵ָίǰѾ˴ִ˼룬ҶԾִ˱ȽȷָһӦ𵽵ãʲôʧģ̷ʤнѴ̡
ΪѧĵλǷǳߵģУϽľڸ߲Σ޵ѧԱҲǽƼУµľٶټ
һߵȾԺУӵоǿԴĸߵȾԺУûʶԼδľӽУӦеôΣȻǷǳġ
үӵĽȻȽϬǽָ֮ĿȷһӾ̷ʤߣ˹Լҵûиã˶ȥ˾ίֹ
Ĳ˵̷ʤڰǰո̵ļ֣Լľϵشʧ󣬾ɨأ˵ί߲ˣϽ⣬Ҳ˶ˡ
ϽȻҪһ׳׼Ǿίǿҷԣһ׳ҲһУ˭ԼĹûأǿҲû취Ϊ㿪˵ģڲ̫ʱһ׳һԾŶʱѾһȥ
һε飬ꡣ
̷ֵһ̷ʤЩϧضԸ̷ʤ˵
ûڻϹָҶҶүӵĻ̷ʤĽⲻд⣬Ȼ˵ί߲δôףҲûлģپίίԱûġ
ָίƫɶүӵİʾί쵼Ӧữˣ¶öүӴΪƫƫʱҪ̷ʤнϽΪί׳֮һ뷨϶Ҷҵķġ
ҪþȨ⣬ҶҵˮЩ̫˰ɣ
Ҫⷢӣץүӵİѱû뵽үжƣһذܵĶԾͽеɸסˡ
춼֧Ų䣬þӵıҪĻÿ춼ҪӵһѵıˣʲôĹ
궪˵үӷһǲ˵ɲסҾ͸ҵë
ܲ˵үҵëȴ޿ɱ粵
˵Ӳ跽棬Ͷ벻λ޷װ޷Ŀ֮飬ǵпԭģΪָţǵ˼Ȼ¾ɣ˼ȡǲǾе˵ȥˣ
̷ʤҲЩᣬ˵úõΪʲôҪȥҶ֪־ί꣬ھеĵλǳҪʲôأ
ʵνί߲ĿԣĺС̷ʤܿҪԶһЩ
⻰ô˵̷ʤЩ⡣
̷ʤüͷ͵ҶֵܣһӾһ˶ͬʱߵλãҪƳкܶ˷Եġҽͬ־ȻֵܵãҲܷҶͬʱӰϵٶȳ֡
˼˵ͬ־ҵʵֻһǹ̷ʤʵ
̷ʤ°͵쵼˼ǺѲµġ
̷У̷ʤǼưٳܹΪͬ־ľʦȻ׿ԽģˣҪؿ͸һ˵ģȴô׵ģ潭ͬ־ж꣬׿Ҳ˵Ѿ׼˽ͬ־
ͬ־뷨׼ҶûзԣôȡҶ־ίҲǺ¶ٿڶʱڣûȫƿؾίʱڣڴԼ֣ʵϿƾҶҷˣҲûʲôٿҶҵͬʱҪƿؾί뷨Ҫ֪ҶҲԣҲھίڲģڽͬ־Ĵֵ֡ܣ϶һҪġ̷ʤܷ
̷ʤĥһ˵ĺеɵ̾ϢҲǱǰһӬͷСס۾ʵڶԽͬ־øܷʦصŵ߶
Ŀǰƶԣ̷ʤܽаεĿǷǳģΪͬ־ƿҪĻųĿǰڲϵҶиԵ󣬺ܲðգͬ־ҲбҪ̷ʤܵıΪıߣЩìһһŽ⡣
ⷽҲ̷֧ʤƾί
̷δϣ󣬵Ļŵģʲôõ³̷ʤ뵽飬ɵЩǵ̾˿
̷ҸҶûʲôͻһεˣھҲǴȥˡ̷ʤҡҡͷй
̷ʤû˵ֻȴ룬¶᲻ǽͬ־Ľ赶ɱ֮ߣֻн˴粻ʵʵ뷨Լظıֵֻ֣߰ڵγһβ󲻵ˡ
Ȼ黹ûꡣ
µףҶүٿһȫϸɲʱصᵽ˸ɲ齨⣬Ǻ󱲸ɲ⡣
Ҷүصָ쵼ɲ˷棬ҪҪԱεĶ𣬴ǱҪž󣬶ڸɲ÷棬ҲҪ𽥲죬ƶȣ˵ɲ⹫ʾƶȣͺдƹıҪ
Ҷү˵úͬ־ȻǲܹεģҲܲǸĹµĻᣬⲻģĳڣҲԹƸϸڣõʱ򣬱Ҫйʾ
үӻǽҵĽˣһ̨֮󣬹ƺܶҪҧгˡҶڵϿϢ֮Щ˵
ûҶһ顣
Ե˭ҵ涼˴Ȼȥɢλʱķչ˴ѾԽԽ͹ԳҶүӵһ˵Ǹ˵ط˴Ȩ˵˺ܶ࣬˵Ҳ١
ЩǱϵ˼Ҷүӽָη߲˶ģһЭϯԶү޶˷ѣҪƹҶүӵŭҪʼˡ
Ҷλֵܣѣһ־˱޿ɱܣ̾κκΣ
㻹ҪѧҵɣҪѧˣ׼Ķ׼ã߶ҲǳһǷҶƽڣֵĿǰѻѵҶˡ
ѻĹϵѾ죬ת̲һûʲôʵʹѲԱ
ַ쵼ְһûʲôѻĿģҪΪ˷չҶƽҶѡ
֪֪Ҷæ̬ܵ͵ˣûгȥܣҲûĴҹ䣬ڼ棬һıƶѡ
Ǹȳȥܸ׶ѻһ۵ˣ˵㣬˵飬ԼŰɡ
ҶҵĴͳŮ˲ΪĵҶȻѾˡ


165 Ůӵļ
ҶȡһƣһӳԵĶ˸λã
Ż᳡ЩˣҶȻ֮Щġ
һΪҶƽӴй̽ʿٿľƻᣬԼңͷĹ̽ԼǵļԱ
һԾΪģίΣҪЩ̽ʿ˵쵼һУ̲ЩҲҪӣϾһĸ￪ŵʱһָĸصͶͻƿڡ
Ҷμĵľƻᣬֻѻ˵һ䣬˵ҶҲСˣӦöȥμһЩ罻ʶ
ҶҲˣ˵ԼھǵʱҲ罻˵ġ
ѻ̾ͷ˵˵Ҳ罻ĻҶһˡ
Ҷ͹ˣϰҶƽ
Ҷƽһ֮󣬾ͱǺһͷΧסˣҶԼ˳˸طȾƳԶ
ʵϣμľƻᣬ󲿷˶ӡ
Ȼ˵ٰ췽ﱸòˮϳˣĺˮҲǳˣܹμ־ƻˣʲôûгԹôһ˾ԶҪ֪ǵҪĿ罻ʶһЩõϵѣξǸһЩ˴кȻŻῼǵһʲôģڳԶлл㵱ǶǳԻ
ȻҶûľöӶ˳Զ쾭顣
ֻӦ£ûдʲôύ˵뷨һ仰˵ύĻҲǱϸӵͽŶ԰ɣ
Ҷһ߶ԶȾƣһ߶쵽Ա߶鱨УһűֽȨǴʱ䣬ֻɨۣע⵽һ
ò˵һʱפʹΪְΪСϡʹ˲Ҫʣʹְ𾿾ǻڷչϵ˴˵͸ĤǴĻǵܵйҲ絷ңΪϵµġ϶ǿģһеפʹһìеı׼ͣҪݼƵɾĻ⣬ģֳںֶɺĿģҲȥĥ
ҶˣЩĸо
ƺϵķһϬ
ȻҲʶ˲Ե޹ʵϴѵ˵̨ĹϵеˣǲŻ˷ˣϵ
ܿͷӦˣֿҪٽѡˡ
ϵ˵Ҳ򵥣ǡһһۡνһǻһۡǶ̨ۡ
ÿһͳҪֵ֧ʱ򣬾ͻὫճ̡
ʵϣ±֮ǰ˵70%˶йкøлкøУιפʹϲʲҲųǶԻѺõͳֻãǡǡѴľ档
ϲʲάսԹϵ˼ڵйƲòԵģǱġ
ڹ۵ѹ֮£ϲʲйʵʩһϵƲã跨άԻϵζͳķȨԹȡӳԻݹ鰸
ϲʲ֧ʱԵľ39%һǳµ֡
Ҫ֪ںսʱ֧ʸߴ82%
ѹ֮£̨ͬ150F-16սɳسۼֵ90ԪF-15սڽһڸ˵ݵĹ˾һڸ˼ݺݵĹ˾ȡڴѡзǳҪݡ
ֽ϶פʹУƺҲǸ´йϵģϲʲҪѡƱֲȵ½פʹֻвһİϷ
һЩƨ鰡Ҷ˶ֽӵ˱ֽС
̧ͷʱ򣬾ͷԼĶȻһʮŮ
ףҶʱ΢һ¡
ܿͷӦˣλŮĄ̊́һλȽŮˣǰĹһĵĵӾ磬ͯǳڣҲӵвͬеӵ
ֻӦѧڼɣô
ҶʱЩɣƺûϵ̨ĴﱳǸʲôһģͲͨ
ǿͷԶӣҶ־רŹʶģֵ˵У󲿷䶼ϴ󣬿꿡ҲһЩģŮӣʸȨĻᣬеϧ
Ҷ࿴ۣòϣȷʵͦƯģǺµӡ󲻴õĻҶųڨ䡣
Ҷӡʾϴѧʱ򣬸һͬѧûȣ֮иһͷйһζȴ޸ͷӵĶӣ֮ǷǳҵĹϵ˵ͷ¶һ䣬˵ϱڴʲôġ
Ȼ֪Ǿ׳ڮҥԣȷ£֮Ҷʱ򣬸оǺеֵֹĸо
ԶӣҶ־⺢ƺûôɣ
ˮҶԥһ£ڵ͵͵һ
ڽһֻθŮͣЩ̧ͷҶƺûϵᱻ˸ϳ
Ӱ԰ɡҶȥʾҪһ֡
Ůƺԥһ£ҶؽӴһ£Ȼͷɿ˻ȥ۾ȴؿҶһ£ƺҲΪеЩ档
Ϸ𣿡Ҷһ
Ůҡҡͷ۾ؿҶеȵĸо
˺ôľǽĵȥæϵľƱһںƣЩ˼˵Բ𰡣ղҭסˣûλ
ҶҶҶĿҶЦŻһ䣬ȴŮӦûûȦĲ·ɡ
ʱ򣬾Ǳ߶ҵͷȥʱȴҶƽѾ˼̵Ľҵӭµίǵĵ
Ǹҵ뿪ˡҶվһ£ǸŮһƬ¶ԸҴ绰û¶ҲԴټ
Ҷȥ֮ŮϸָҶµƬͻȻ΢΢һЦ
ҶƣƫƫҶƺҲʣ˵ҶûйϵôҲ̫ɺ˰ɣ
ŮӽƽƬСĵȴԼżȻȻû˷ѵᣬֻвλҶǷҶǵĹӣʺòȴǼõġ
ǰǷҶòҶƽƣŹĶ棬Ļô࣬ڸҶһ
Ů˼ʱһλŮ˹ֱ˵ҿ˭ˣгĹӰ㲻ҪʶһЩҪҪȥǷʶĻ᣿
Ůӳһ£Ůţ᳡һ˹ȥ
ʱҶѾҶƽǱ߶˹ȥ
ֻǴӵҶƽʵ̫ˣҶȻԼȥˡ


166 ٳҲҵһ
ҶĸоУԸʶӦ˵ûУ١
ˣʵںУλĳֲɳܵĴ֮󣬲䣬һˡ
ȦȾףǿһԲŮӣ̵ʱڱ˾ɷĵЧֶΡ
ҶȦĿһۣǾǡȦҡ
ΪˣҶŶҶĻֹ˾ôðҲףҶֹ˾Ϊ椷ѣϾܶŮΪ˳ͿòôҪˣǷ֪ľǱߡ˷ֺˡ
ȻֿҲδؾôԣʵȦҲԺõŮϡٶѡŮһ¶ǱбţĻҲѱ֤⡣
Ҷٻͷʱ򣬳ˮѾԭˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ȦŮӣȻǿסģ˷ԼһƬҪ֪ҶƬɲǼ˾ͷְ
ĵģΧϰҶƽߵļλŮǡ
ؿһ£һģǵ̨ŮȳģΣ·һŤһŤĺǹˣѵõһִ֪ʣŮ͵ģ˵һֱֹУûҵֵøĶ
ʮ䣬涼ȽϳԸʮһίԱίҶƽǰȷʵȽϾ
һ¶ľƺɫѩ׵ĲϴһʯԵȣ˻żҶƽǰС¶һҵߣͼǷǳˡ
Ҷƽһ࣬ǡŮߺͩһְҵȹֻȹӵĳȺΪϲԭеһЩ޳Ⱥǻۡ
ΧΧǣҪԱ֮⣬һЩʵǿľ޸ǣʲϵһΧҶƽΪҶƽĳίԱίǵľ޴⻷
ЩˣûеõҶƽ֮ǰҲЩ޿κΡ
ãֻһڲƻᣬʲôӰ֣߳ĻҶǱȺŵľعȥĻܻһЩõۡ
Ҷע⵽ϰҶƽȻ˴ӵڵУƺϴЦݣ֮оһֲ͵Ӧ飬Ǻԡ
ҶͦӿڴīϣȻƾ˵һұһȱ˾ͱֱ˹ȥסҶƽֱۡ
һԵŮǱʾǳǿҶװҲһǣɴīҶǴ˵еĴڱڣҲΡ
Ҷƽ˳˵λԱ㣬ЩҪһ£ʧˡ
Ҷߡ
Ҷߺá
Ҷǡ
Ⱥ߳ڼͬ£Ҷƽ뿪ֵľƻֳԱ߶Ϣ¡
ǲЩӦҶЦʵ
ðɣЩеͷˡҶƽʾ
Ȼ˵ǰʱҶƽҲǰӵģǸһƿعֱϽȣҪ˺ܶࡣ
ҶƽŽᵽ⽮оԭӡ
ʮһίԱǰ;ίǣĴ˭ͽ᣿ҶЦһԣûע⵽ǼλŮɫ϶ڷ⣬ҪܱҶǿϣǵССĵģҲǺ뱲ָˡ
⻰˵ġҶƽЩص˶һۣؼҲҪ˵ҪȻҪˡ˵ͻȻܹǲǰ趢Ҷˣ
ҶһЦû˵ʲô
ѻȻû˵ʲôôģҶҲܹ¸ࡣ
Щ߲֮Ȼûдʲô֮飬ǲûУ֪ļίаѽᷢõľתȢòŮ¸ģЩǰ֮ȻѻҲǺ̤ʵ
ʵϣ߶ķǱȽϿŵģǹϵͳŮǶܻṴˣжĸɲΪȢǾкüЩ˿ɶԺпܽίȨȦӵĺ
ЩѻԴ˲ܲ
ȻˣҲеģҶ񲻽ѾˣҶҵӵҲԽԽҪĸӹѻǲôԼλñˣֻеҶƽ̫ҫۣΧߵŮ̫࣬һһǹ߻ǳ鷳Ͳˡ
ʵϣڸɲһ֪ǸŮ㲻ʲôζʧ˵˭ΪŮ˱ġ
ͬ¶֮ȻҲ˸ӹ鸾ĳ£ǲҪֻ֤ǴΪ˼󻯷ͬ󣬵ζĺۼһֿǿѡ
ϰյĿϾǱȽ϶ǳģɫţͲע⡣
죬ϰƵƵڹڳϣоʲôͬҶʵ
оаɣϷҶƽһ£ͻشҪעô⣬ںʱ̶£ܲԱԼ󡣡
ġҶͷʾȽǸλãϾ޳ӰμұҪϷҪŻ֣Ҫѧɿ飬ìܣЩΪһϸμҵĻ
ҶƽȻҶ˵Ĳ޵ȴҲаǱ㷴ҲôԵģеʱ¶ҲǸܵμǵ黳
Ҷ֮Աǵϰ㲻Ҫôòãֻ˵˼ҵݼѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزѣ
ǺǡҶƽЦЦȥҶˡ
ȻҶ˵ЩҪҶ˵ǶȻܵģȻҲһ£ԼıǷλЩҪĽĵطݼǷܹһ̨ף
Щ飬ǱҪģԲܰ˵ϵĲˡ
ҶƽΪһίԱһ⽮ҶҵĶӵܣҶүҵֱӼ̳ˣʶεȸȻֵ᷸ͼ
ҶȴǺȻʶһ⣬ɵĶͷЩ˵ˣֲùԱԱܹ쵽һȥΪǻϿͬжԻѧϰͬݼͬʱзľ룬ȷʵ֮ϣ˵ʵٳҲҵһְ
ȥȥȥø˵ʲôˡҶƽˣֵȥݼȥɣеˣϢһ˵ͲҪˡ
ҶЦվٳŶʱͻȻͣͷҶƽ˵ϰ֣ϢϢɲҪʲôĪŮ˽һϢЩ飬һմˣɾͺ˦ˡ
ôôҶƽһֻ˹ȥ
ҶЦ뿪ˣ˿ЦõҶƽ


167 ٰӳȥ
ˮŮ֮󣬾ȥ˻᳡ֵһ
ƻᵱУη쵼һģ޸һģҪϽһЩٶ߸ǣ˼Ů˵ģȻҲǴճһ
ȻЩ˿ȥиӪϸĻܹһЩڸˡ
ɾЩ˵еٮٮߣȥ쵼ǰ岮غһ飬õһƬȥ޸˼侭÷չгĻõһЩʾȻŻ쵽Ů߶ǵЦ
ˮŮʱ򣬺ӾͿˣֻ˵˲ϸɬĳˮ׽
ǻֶȻ֪Ů˱ȽףҪö࣬ƺҲ˵Ů˺ܻû˵ʲô˷˺ӵȤ
ԽŮˣԽܹ˵
С㣬һԸΣ˵
ڲڳԶ𣿡΢΢һЦ
Ķ١ӲΪȻҡҡͷһȥ԰ɣ֪һҾƵҹǳ
Ŷ鷳ˣӵĺˣϼʡܵ
һ˵Ҳ÷ȴǰޡ
ȻҲҺӵӣ̫ɺˣ
ȷʵ飬Ů˻ﶪĺѶԸѹû˵˭ܸ֣Ҫ㶨ˮĥС
ȻģҲͲ˵ʲôˣֻǻͷ˳ˮ۾ʱһ˵öһСҲʮ߰ͣ۵óˮʱ˵ɬһʱҲǽйϵĴ̼Ӧ൱
λС㿴죬֪ӿʼˮ׻
ˮŮ˵Ӻ鱾صԱˮС㣬ǸʲôʲôӾ磬ݵģǷЩӡ󣿡
ŶǸӾ簡ҿģû뵽С㣬˱ȵϸƯӹ̾
ˮ΢΢ףɬһЦӦһȴޱĺӵΪˡ
ںӵ飬ղﾭʱ򣬾Ů۹ˣһжǳֺܲã֮ˣܹʮϵŮѣûгֹ֪Ʒˡ
ŮΪҲһЩΪȻֻǰӣû˵ʲôѣϾλŮĸҲһĸõ
ˮĳƽ游ĸͨɲڸֻҪ˵гˣ˺˵һЩöɫʵĻҲֻеûˡ
֪ΰγʱ߶ĵƹ⽥ذԭǵʱ䡣
֮ĬŮǾѾʼ³ˡ
ȥһΣˮ롣
ˣ岻ʱҲȽˣ׼ؼҡˮܾˡ
ѵԺʲô龡ҺˣҴţУûҺ첻顣Ӵʱǳ˺رʾ
ˣĲˮ̬Ҳܼ
ȻҲһŵ룬񺫹˾˦֮ȻĿ꣬ǿǰĺӣͬղҶһȽϣˮһָо˵ľ̫Զˡ
˵ҶŹӣôֻũ񱩷
뵽ҶظԼƬˮӼᶨ
Ҫôҳ棬Ϊ˿һΧ˻϶ȥˣûʲô۵˴ڣӾʹһץס˳ˮ֣Ҫ
ˮҲû뵽ɫ죬ȻھƻϾ͸ҶֶţдʧɫһӾվ͵ؽһ飬˦˳
ббεӵȶֻŵ棬ˮôһѳȥӶʱʧȥƽ⣬˳ȥ
žһ˴Ӿˤ˳ȥʱһҽС
ˮԼҲһû뵽Ρ
Ӵӵ֮󣬾ñеۣҲеԾɵôŭСӣҪһСô֪֪Һӵ
ԼĵͷϣȻ˴ǱһСˤģӵȻŭɣҪץסˮȿһ˵
ҲǽľƻȽҪһ˸ĻӵЩͳСŮͷˡ
ӴಲȴҲСϾҲǴܴˮƽһܸߣǴŮ˻ǾбȽԵơ
ȥһѾץס˳ˮ½һֻҪˮȹȥ
ţӺȻ֣Լֶ
ͷʱȴһīˣһץסԼֱۣ¶һЦ⡣
۸Ů˺гɾ͸𣿡īЦ
ҶͿ˳ˮҲĺӡ
ʵȻһ٣ӡĲһεĳͻҪǳϳ¼ҵȥģֻ˵˳֮ꡣ
ֻǺ̫ܳ˵ԼӺгΣҶ벻֪Ҳ֪ˣȻǱԼ˴ӵۺֲȥǸСڡ
Ǳ߶˵Ҷ߶ţм仹һλòŮӹ䣬ҶʾԼеˣֻһ֮󣬶Էһʧ߿ˡ
СŮ˼̫ײˣҪҵһΪ˧磬ĺܲס
ҶȻȫ㡰߸˧+б׼ȴûж޵˼СŮһʧߵҲеⲻȥ
ٻͷʱ򣬾Ϳ˺ҪԳˮֶţˮˤһȻҶ˹ȥץס˺ӵ֡
ʲôŲʰ㣿һСҲҹҺӵ飿Щŭغ
ץסֱۣãӵĻǣֻоԼƺǶԷĶ֣Ҳûֱӿ
ʰңԿҶһȻժԼī
ڿ˶ԷòȻҶɵñŵôһһˤȥֻţײ˺üӣڵϡ
㡭㣬ҪʲôָҶɫ˵飬Ǿǣ
ǿѹͷߣ뵽Լսӵĵ׳˲١
ôʰûҶЦһȻһֵˣٰҸӳȥ
δ䣬ľʹӲ֪ʲôط˳ٺٵЦţֽץסôȥ
ǰҷҰǺг󺰴еֻĺȴԽ߿ڸˡ
гͺ˲𣿡ҶҡҡͷǱһҲ֪ЩСôôԽУ


168 ìܵ˼
ΪߵһһչĴſڣӱ̧һ̧˳Ȼһףʹ̨Ϲȥ
̨ײǺܸߣԼҲ׶ߵһб£ΪӭҶƽԵʣ˺ĺ̺ԺȻȽǱعȥûʲô󰭣ֻе׵Ƥ˶ѡ
ֶǸҵţ´ӵĺӣָܻŰӳĺ
ҿСӾǷᣡ³ȴѾӵϵײײԶˡ
СӾǼǳԲǴϴھǾͱٸʰˣ飬Ȼ⸱СҲüͷҡͷ
ٸ飬ôߵǲЩףЩԥʵ
ʵĵ潲ˣҶǱȽģҶСǰ¶ص˿ɶнĴ
91ʱнǸʲôˮƽҪ֪һҵȫƸҲнʮͷѾ൱˵ˣн򣬺٣
˴˽ҲҶٵȽϹģֿӰ쵽Ҷ飬Ϊǿǡ
޷ȴҡҡͷҶȻĿǣǳ嶯ˡ
ҲԣǷ¶ˣ壬ԶҲǷǳصģܳһ£Ц
ƻֳ棬ӱӳȥһ£ûĲ
һǴҶ˸߲ҵ裬ûע⵽߶飬Ҷ̫죬ȻȴҲǵӵӣھƻҲûдУĻôĶǸˡ
ЩδŮӣҶ΢΢һЦС㣬ҪЩ֪νˣһ裬һΣ
ǣհѺгĹӸӳȥˡˮЩ͵˵ᣬô
гĹжôţƣںʮ˿Ҳ˶ѣ̫ˣȻһȻճ
1991꣬û磬ûýලûдڵʳƷ֣ʲôɵĵģ
Ƿͬӣ·֮ǰֵĹʲô⣿·֮ҲĴңΪ߲㲻һίԱ̫֣ҶһϵˣܲΪԼ˶࿼һЩ
ϸ˵ʱһҪеķգҲһʵȨĸһЩ
޷һƨҶЦһһֻȥǣ˳ˮ֡
ˮеЩȣҲһССĽߣȴûаȥֻǱҶŵһֻ֣΢΢Щĸо
ҶȻһֽˮ֫סʱ򣬾ͷ΢еӲвɵЩ죬λװأװأ
еţĻϽһŮɫ÷ǳŮӣȻҲܹɬݶݼҶе簡
ˮеĸоҶ֮󣬲ǽ״̬
ɢҶƽҲûٳ֡
ϾίԱӺܴģгҲشȫ⣬Ŵһ֣ʵϽƻһѣ޷Ҷƽ֮ǰ¶һ棬ʲôҪ飬ЩûйӲĹϵͻᣬ϶ǺѼҶƽ쵼ˡ
ˮأˮŮˣڣʵ
ղű˸ӳȥˡҶش
ˮŮһע⵽ҶĴڣҲһۣȻȥʺӵ顣
Ҷ֮󣬾ͷҶϵﶼƣһͷٵʮ飬ɵðզ࣬˵ˮҵŹˣĻҲӶᡣ
ֻҲһģӵĸǸгλȨأЩ쵼ǵŮѹ̫󣬶ղźԶԳˮҲȤʱ˲˽ֻϣӲ̫ĻԼ߶鷳ˡ
ȻʶһˡŮЦһ£˳ȥ
ˮԭҪһ£ǻȥ飬Բ˵죬ӵǣҲеġ
ò׼ģҶʵݾΣ
ͬһϣòЩƣԼԴоζĿҶ϶ΪίҶƽƺҲеʧ֮ʡ
ӸղŵҶһ־˹ѺӸ˳ȥ֤Ҷݺܲһ㣬ӶƺҲһֿ־С
ôģؼҰɡҶ⻰ʱһַǳ϶
ˣҴ򳵻ȥͿԡˮԥһ£վǶҶЩġ
ȷʵҪʸţΪеУСǻǷǳģмȻΪħȻħڽǮȨСڵ
ˮͨͥȻлȡ뷨Ҳռ롣
Щ׶ǣˮҲǾԶ֮ģûнģαΪһӬͷСŮ˵ģٵԼ壿
ΪһСԼֵܲƤҡ
ҶҲûǿʵڳˮȻЩȤҲ˵кܴȤؼ㲻ŮӵΣ
ҶֲȱŮˣȻҪʳʵҪƷλǱȽϸߵģҶٰ˼ȥʱҲûֱӳԵЩ˼ĳ˼׸裬Ҷ
˼ƷŮˣֱӾϵȥģ֮極鴿⣬Ҷϣʱ̵ܣǽΪ˷йһԼԭʼô򵥶ס
ˮԭȻһŮӵǺ
ˮͷһͷǵ̨Ծʱͣ
㣬ȥˣˮȽ졣
ǰҿģ˳·ȥɣ˿Ҷе죬ȷǷŻ󣬶ƺһЩ죬
ð鷳ˡˮǸ뿪һЩҶЩڴеģܺһ·ɫĻԼҲû˵ȥҶлл㣬Ҹˣټ
ټҶЦЦ˰֣˵СŮķ֮Ļͦǿ
ǣųˮ֣ȥʱ̲סͷֿҶһۣҶһīϵĶŻȻԭǳҶƽߵڡ
ֻһ˲䣬;ЩͷҲǼʶ֮ˣδһܹ˺ֵʮѴϣ磬һѹҲûУȣֻҶƽһ
ˮãʲô֣ųˮֱۣʵ
Ҷˮԥһ£ش
ҶһȴְԭҲҶİ


169 ļ
ȻɣȴҲڳˮǰ¶ۼ
ˮͻؼ֮󣬾Ͳһǵĵ绰ˣҶпǾҶҵˣøίҶƽмơ
õģ㣬ҰСʱ֮绰ĵ绰дһº
˵绰֮󣬾ڿ顣
˵ʵڵģίҶƽĳ֣ȷʵ˺ܶĴʣŮ˼
εŮǣѾȽϷḻˣҵҲ˶壬Ҫѡ齨ͥ»صƽ֮Уȴ¶ģȥĻػţഺˡ
Զԣܹѡĵ·ֻѣһǼ޸ȨǹͣǷȨ̣֮ûʲôõѡˡ
ҪһλͬʯͻȻ֣ԵС˵ǷǳѪģϿʵֻĳɹʣ㡣
ҶƽĴ׷Ŀꡣ
ҶҵĶίǣţƳڣȥԸҲǳãҪģҶƽ겻ʮһ꣡
ʮһίԱ⣬϶볣ģ׷Ź
ȻҶ֪ҶƽδؾܹǣΪýҵԱ֮еٮٮߣǸҶƽ쵼˽ӴĻǺܶģҲⲻʲô֮⽻ϣȻվ֮顣
ܹɹλΪƶӹȻûݣֻҪҶƽôĺҸҲˡ
뵽ɵЩļֻڶҶݸӻˣоҶòҶƽ߷ƣܹҶƽߣΪֵЩŮǣԼҪӽҶƽͱȸ㶨ҶС
ʱڽصȴУǹú
ٶȷʵЩٶۣһСʱ֮󣬲Űѵ绰˻
ôôãм¶ĵʵ
Ͻ㣬˲ò顣شһͨŸ㵽һϢҶίԱҶƽĶӣʮֻ֪꣬ھӵܣľͲˡ
ҶҶƽĶӣ֮е
ʮһҶƽȻһʮĶӣʵеӦ˵Ϊʲôô簡
ǵӵܣôͽģҶƽһ⡣
ҸҪһ㣬ҶƽĶӶôˣô޸龭˽ʮĳ֮ѾݻΪŨ飬ĸ鲻ǵ߲ܹ˵ġ
ԣκŮҪҶƽλ뷨ǲʵֵ
ҶƽˣҲûӵ
ҶƽѾл볣ĿׯϣôܻΪŮ˵飬Իǰ̣һҲǲܡ
Ͻ㣬Ͻ㣬𣿡ĵ绰Уӳ˼иѹ
ţڣˡһЩʧ˵
ʣŮ֮Իʣ£ΪǵҪȳ˸ȶԿǵ̫࣬еʱ򷴶װԼȻȥ磬ȴҲѲԵ֪ҶƽĿ֮󣬶ʱܵ˲СĴ
Ͻ㣬ǰȥʱҶ߶ˡ˵ϵҲȰһϽһպϹӰɣŮ˹ʮɾʣˡ
ˣㆪ²£ȸ㶨Լ˵ͷ
аǽ㣬ܲ˼ǰͷǱ߶е
ˡ˵绰һҲеơ
ԼԼҪ˵żǼٵģǺңֲҸ˰Լ򷢳ȥԽԽûģҪʣˡ
ʵҶƽ治ʮһίԱҲֻʮǿԽܵģҲʲôϷ޵ĸоվҶƽߵʱ򣬾ܹܵҶƽֳĻ
긻ǿһΪ貵ʱڣҲԣʮһˣһҲԳ̬һֳǺͳȵĳϢ޷ͻ
ǣôôһأ
϶û˯ãһϵĳڵóһҪҶƽǱĻҪ˵ľҶؿڣĻǹҶƽҲпܻᱻҶɱ
Ƿǳ򵥵ģûκһλ̫үӦϰͣȢģⲻϵ谭ǶΨһϷ̳˵λơ
ԣЩŵУܹ꾫ŵǽᷢӣһѾ˵Ķӡ
ƺҶԳˮȽϸȤ߿Դⷽ֡ˮֻһʱ䣬뵽һӽҶİ취
Ҷû뵽ȻŮ
Ҳ˲ϿЩ飬Ϊүڸȡ磬߲зһЩ顣
ڵҶѾΪҶҾ߲еҪһҶƽҲδؾܹȵ𵽵ãҲǶүʱʱϵԭ
үҪ͵ҶòӦǳүӵ˼ʵҲܼ򵥣Ҫھ¶ΪҶѽʵе̫ˣھնϵģ϶׽ϳҵ
ȻүӴȣҲ֪ϳ¼ҺϷҳ¶⣬Ҷ˶ѣһϳҵٶЩģԳүҪҶ͵ʵǶѡ
ҶѾ飬ôȻ˳˾ǴǵߣҲûôˡ
ȻˣҶܷڼƿأǹϵҶҳԶչƵĸҶԲκⷢ
ھǸ֮鱨磬ѾɣǷʲô飬ܹܿͨǵ鱨磬ٵشҶ߶ڲھǣӰĲˡ
ҶеʱҲһ£֮ⷽĲ͸Сˣڹ⣬Ҳܹ֪һ顣
ѾʼۣڵĻˡүӶҶ˵
Ŷô찡ҶˣʱЩС
һʱ䣬滮⣬Ҳȷʵճˡ
ǵٿʱ䣬뽫ʽȷžͷƶȣȷػֳλͷϽְȨΧǹеһ£Ӱ֮ԶԹ
Ӵ֮󣬹Ҳ᳹Ťתһ֮Կɾ´µľ棬˹·ӽ᳹״򿪡
Ϊ仯ȽϴҪ׶εĸλ֮䣬ҲһЩȨָЭҪľǻҵΧΪ
׻˵ĻǾĳ֣ԵϴЭ֮ҪľǾķָڸ۵ģ滮⡣
Ҷ֪֮󣬶ԴҲǷǳġ
ԭֻΪڵľ滮֣пܻӰ쵽弸ʮ֮ķչǰòضԴ


170 е
ڹھõĿٷչ˽ײѾʼγˡ
ڴϱѾкܶʲڵ˿ʼ֣γ̡Ϊƽײ㡣
֮£߲̬Ҳڷת䣬ڶԣһֻƶ̣Ҳȥָ˵Ĵ󵰸⣬һӹǾ۱仯Ȳ֧ҲԣһּҪѹЩˣ»صָʱȥ
⼸˼붷֮󣬸߲֮𽥴˹ʶҪȥԽײȡ棬ȷִҡ
ʲôִȻǾװߣڵ
ĿǰȻǰҪռ˺ܴƵλ
ԣĵٿ֮ǰڸ߲ṹ仯֮ǰЩýṹϵĵڱС
νе⣬޷ǾҪ֤һ̬ȶѣܵôҶеȽ⣬вȥҶ뵽⣬ͲɵҪʶү䣬ĿǰʲôˣҶһָУԵõʲô
滮һǳ⣬ʵڵĸļϣֻȼ仰˭Ҳʲô⼸仰ı󣬺пܾĳЩĳЩĳԼĳЩŵɰܡ
ҪǹĸһɣǣȽϹ㣬ִúֻгίǻûȷ̬Ҫһӣͷ֮󣬲ź÷ԡүӻش
Ҷʲô㣿Ҷʵ
ǵҲδͳһү̹ԵҪ֪ҶȻһһգǣŹͬȴһܴȺ壬ҪͳһҲ¡
⵹ҲǡҶͷڵҲǽӴҶϵϵ϶ǱȽϼ򵥵ģҶγСĸ·ίԱкüˣίԱǸʮˣһɺܴ
ȻҶүӺͶүӶΪҶıֲִ棬ȻǷǳصģϾ˲ҶҪЩίԱίԱϿҶƽҪЩھҪϿҶĻǹǺģϾҶıЩ飬ܶ඼Ǽùġ
ڵĸ壬ҶӡУģҪԴһΪݸ͵̡̺
ǵصǰңûκεıһڼҾ׳ʮʮķܶ˲Ƹ塣ˣ඼ھԲҵǴµҵҲΪг׵ҵңʤ̭
Ϊ𲽣սᣬ̡߱͵ΪˡǵصǣʼʼıִһҵĻᣬͨƣΪɷҵʵƿˡ
Ϊ͵ģTCLǻίɵҵڹԱͨʽĸҵȨϼй½Ⱥ֡ൺ˫ܲҲͨڴڵľӪߣתΪˡ
Ϊɫ壬ҲҶļ壬ǵϵ֧ϵ壬ͳ˼壬ӵʱߣ𲽿죬չѸ٣׻Դ
Щɫҵ壬ǴһЩҪóסҵԴȲҵ񷿵زҵЩҪͬʱҪдҵҲǺɫȽΪ׼żȽϸߣװѾߵ⡣
ʵڱȽϷҵң˼ܹٵģǳټΪŷȽȫгãҪټҾҪּǷǳѵġȻ˵ҲһЩƶҵάһֲ̱ѣͻ˺üˡ
෴ձȶǹң˺ձ˼ĴиΪԶ˵ǼţѾչ˵ձ⡢סѣС
ձͺҵţҲûǣִŵ𣬾벻ķ֣ǣڽι֢ҲȽԡ
ĳ죬Ȼɾ͵Ĳ죬ż壬ϣӮ˵һ
رһЩҪʽ߷ֵҵαĴ壬ռƣʵ˵Ҳһֲƽα޾ӪܣΪĳЩĺ׼͹赲˴ڴƸĻᡣ
߲ıָ⣬ʵҪϵƣһЩżҵհѳҵĻȨΪشԲŻþýֲ¡
˵ԴҵҵҵˮͨѶҵȵȣڴŵľбȽֵ͡
Ҷ϶˼չʵҵڣǷǳټģһܹ˵ĿڴǮģѵһ
Ȼ棬ܾ֮ܲ⡣ҶĥһӣͶԶү˵ʯ͡ҵԴҵЩȻ׬ǮףԺҲ˷飬Ǽеǰ취оƿɣѡһЩ˵ҵȥأȵǷǮ׬ʱѾγҵ׼żżͨгʤ̭γɵģҲһļ¢ϣʱ׶ˡ
뷨˵ҵǳԴˣͳҵҲ÷һֳģ֮ͨʽתóȥҲǿԵġүȻȽҶģҲܲһ¡
ϾҶҵ»кܶϵ֧ϵЩҶûõӦõĲ֣Ҳ᲻ȵġ
òӦõ棬˵ڸ߲еĵλȹˣ˵ˣõµô룿ʵһʵ⡣
Ϊ˰ģҶҲܲھȫԸ
ţˡҪУӻҪУ¶ȷʵҪúõĥһ¡Ҷʱ˶үӵ˼
һһӣͻ϶˵ӡ
ҵȲܣԴҵкͣȻҶһǿһҪƶͨѶҵȨ
ƶͨѶܹҲûмû󻹲ͶءүЩΪȻ
һҪǮټ߰˰˵ķãÿµķãǾ޸òĸ߶ҵжķչǰ
ʶǴġҶ̾ͱʾʱ򣬼۱Ȼƽһӣ൱ӣٿڣʲôĹ⾰
һһȥɾǰٶʱȥˡүҲѵ
ѵҶңһҪȥ֡ǰ˳ǰ
үүĺˣòһôã϶ܹûٱǵӵģֻǮҶүӱ֤
УҲΪЩ˶ѣľǡүЦֻǵʱߴ󣬸ԼûǮҪԹҵͷ
ĺˡҶ룬ʲôҵٶȣȵùƶͨѶҵ
ƾ׷ۣҲûǮɰ


171 
Ҷ뵽𣬾Ͳɵ˲УҲ֪Σ
ǰεľ⣬УΪҶŪ鱦ʯһӵǳˣ֪æЩʲôҶ¶ʹ绰ԶģѯǵĽ
ȥˡڶ绰˵
ԭ죬УæŰҵǨɳȣΪޡŷ޺ͷ֮Ҫó׺ͿŦ
ô뵽ȥģҶЩ졣
ҲǺżȻķˣľƺңһŶ⣬͸̱Ҳ˶٣Ǯ˺ܶ࣬һӾðܶǮЩ׬Ǯ֮󣬲ڻԶܵϰȥˡ͵
ΪУ֣ո׬˴Ǯ¹ǣȥϰݵ˰̵깺ץס̻չڵĿҵ
ϣ⣬ͬʱҲкܶµ̻˵ؾͷ֣ԭ޵Ľڰǳܻӭڰһ֧100ԪԭϷǣÿ֧ɱ۽Ϊ2Ԫ
۹ȷʵ˺оͷԣҲЩضҶ˵ڲУȥϷҵ񣬳˷ȥ֮⣬̵ʱװ˽һ20ֽӡƱǮ졣ҲںŬؿг¡зǡչǡǡǡ¬Ϸǡյ˹ʿԼڸɴȵȣǵķ޵ͼϣѾС졣
СӺܸɰҶˣҲе̾
Ȼ֮ǰ֪УһʧڲУ˽⣬ͣڵӰս֮ý϶ԲصдʱԲ˸ĺ֮󣬲ŷСȷʵ˼飬Ҳ֡
Ǳ߶ҲҪСһЩ鱨ѼҪעԼİȫ⡣ҶԼԱοʡ
˵ڵĻǱȽҵģֲСͻϷͳǷȨȫܿˣ˹ͳҶڴ쵼ȨԾӵĿƣ˹͹ͳǣҲѧ
Ľ壬ѾǰҲǳŵ׻Լʱ򣬾͸һˡ
лٹġڵ绰Цо԰ɣʵڲеĻǾͶ㵽ʹȥˡ
ҶҰ¶ĺôǷúܣǾʲôǿԽõģ˵ʹ棬϶о鲿Աܼ򵥣ҶԷҲһӣϾϵͳͷӣϵͳӵкܴȨޡ
һӦעһ£˵ں촬ѾͣˡֻǼΧƸӣûüȥʵǹϢӦġ飬ͶҶ˵
ҪҶһ̾˾
ǰȥں촬ҪǶӱܸȤͬʱҲǶڽҺĸȤʱ֪ں촬ͣ飬ȻᶯһЩԽ
ڽġ񡱺ŵ뷨ҶһֱûзʵϣʱܹǰһЩ˳ٽһЩ켼㵽֡
Щϣ£ǲõֵģһŶң˹͹еȨҲ൱أ͸ҶһǳõĻᡣ
ǿԷͷ飬ר˽ں촬һɴרҹȥһ̣ӦöЩصĿ֡Ҷʾ
ǣסҲ֪ҶԸ飬¹شҲǳصشӦ
Ҷܿ͸үϵһ£˵Ǳ߶
鰡иͷүҲӢ֮֮̾ͱ̬ˡ
ڻ촬ϻǿԿһģҪ캽ĸĻûгʱ϶ǲɵģ˵ػ⣬⣬ȵȣЩֳɼԲοĻʵʽչܿ졣
үǰҲҶύı棬˶¶ġ
ĸ˵20͹ҵһɣҲ˵ִ¼ļɣĸˮ潢ͧкܴĲͬ
ȾǽػƼսǽȻͬġ
ξǺĸĶ⣬Ѿȫʵֺ˶ˣȻһҺ˶ͺĸǲ֪Ϊʲôֻعͷ¸ʲôȼּҲܷӳһ⣬ǺĸĶȻǹؼڡ
һǽ似Ҳ˺ܶݡ
ʲô¸缤ڵʽװ
һǺĸĲϼĸõĸֲĺʹõĸֲҲǲһģʹֵĲϼͬ
ΪһҺϷɻƽ̨ĺĸαϷɻɡսգнҪϷɻһġƯļװϰȫɡ䣬ɻӦӦļ۵½ձȻҪĸǵʽõĻ⣬ռޣɻ۵ռСЩҵĺĸػĻҲ۵
ɻյʱҪһӹסϽػ޵ľ֮ڣܰȫؽڷмװϣȥܼ򵥣ʵھʵֵʱҲһѶȡ
еЩһһȷʵҪܶľʱ䣬ܸ㶨˲ٵõصļϿԶյĻʱ׶ˡ
ûö೤ʱ䣬үӾͻظˣ˵רҺңǰЩ˸ùϵʱĸⷽ淢չļ˲ŻеģֻǺϵ뽩֮¶ͻˣ˲Żû˷ѵ
ֻҲ֪Ǳ߶ǵʽ󷽱㣬̫ԵĻǲôүҲʾһԼѴ
ڸ߲ǣںĸ⣬ʵҲͬЩ˾ⶫʺϹ飬ֲ̫࣬Ҫһȥҫĸ
Ǵµķй¶ȥĻҪһЩģүӾͲҶͷʽȥʲôļ
ʲô⣬ˡҶǴ󷽵úܡ
ʵҶ뵽⣬˾ҲǴС˼Ϊ߲ɵһЩ˽½ףҶܹɵؽһЩʽתһЩϣ¶
ĹؼڵľƣǷܹȥ
ǻûֻŵڣڸ߲㶼Ѿʼս͵ؿյˣǵȵΣױϰԵõʱЩƨ
ҶڹţʱҲͿ쵽ˣԸ׼뵽λҲеСǲ֮ǳѵĻԼ˹ȥɻʳƷܹЩֵǵϣˡ
õĻû׼صרҶƭһȺϾҲҪԷġ
ֻϣһ죬ܹ쵽ɣ


172 ĵѨ
µ׵ʱӭ˴ѧѧ
ոһ꣬ȽʪټƲ㲢ûɢȥҲԵñȽһЩȻ˸еЩҲܹǵ顣
Ͼһڷǳ֪Ĵѧصеص㡣
ô˵أҶĳɼ֮ҲֱȽϿѧˣ֪ľжôˡ
ѧЩԸظҶƵ˵
Ǻ¶ͻСѧԺô죿ҶʾϵĴȷ
˽°ţȻҲҶһ˸ѧѡһűȽͨרҵϢѧ
˵ϢѧȻͨǸѧϢѧרҵ֮УһСרҵⲻֻѧҪ鱨ѧԼѧƵѧϰĳ·ҲǶģָһЩⲿȥ
ʵƵֻܶ࣬ҶضҲ޴ӵ֪е顣
ѧĶѾˣֲںһ鱨ѧЩΪȻ
ҶһУ԰ţĻЩȤʵǰѧЩʲô
ʲôعӦյЩ¡˵̽鱨١񶷣ǹеʻαװȵȣóĻͽָ񶷣ʱרŸһλʦ൱ǵ洫ġ
ļٵģôҶˣЩ档
ȻˣڹأѨ֮Ķͷʾʦ˵ҵ츳ֻڲͽˣֻһЩƤëĶ
еѨҶ˵Կûмʶء
ȴҡҡͷˣҪסˣܵģ֪˻ҡ
Ҳ˵㲻˵ô֪Ҷ˵
ȷҪһԣҶǳ֣Ҳеԥˡ
ϸ˵ҶڲĹȻСŮӣȴҲȡŰнҶҲûҪʲôΪѵ飬ƽʱҶܣеζȼ١
ҶҪһĵѨ廹еΪѡ
˵ˣѨԭҪǸѪУ±е޷жѣô϶һЩ˺ֻе΢еһЩ
ԼѧĵѨȻڵ˵ùΣЧҲܲûʲô֢ԼҲҶҪһ£ǽеЩʴӡ
ӹԱĽǶ˵Ӧհ죬ǴǱ߶˵ҶҪ汣ĶԼʹõѨһи̣һ涼ûа취ġ
û¶һ£ֻҪͳɡҶ
ԥһӣڵͷӦˡ
ҪôϣҶʵ
Ҫϡ忿Ҷļһ¡
ҲζҶ;һ飬߶Ӿʧȥ֪˵Ҳʧȥƽ⣬ҪԵȥ
ʱķ־ͺܹˣҶббؿϣҲһŮ֧ŲסʧȥƽҶ
ҶȻ;һ˹̷֮׷׻ָ˿ơ
һȴڼ̵ʱ֮ڣҲҶһᣬϣȻֱӣָ
ԭǵѨҶ˵ͷѨҲûд˵еôţеǽضѪУԵ˶ݵԶѡ
ȻˣʵսУ˶ԷҪܹռȻʤģҲ˵Ѩûʲôô
ףôܶˣ״Щ
һĹɣѨˣʱҪмӵڣҲĹǳɴյλʦ֣Сʱ޷
оһ£֮û¶ˡҶ˽еŵȴҲûжô⣬ԭǵѨʵսʹãȷʵЩǶЩѨ˶ԣЧ
ȴǶҶЩ棬֪ΪʲôԼĵѨʧЧɵֵһ£ͬ⣬ҶһֻһӾסˡ
ҾͲˣԼе޷ʵɵҶϴȥ
еǳɥҶƺȫӦ˵ѨȻûзӦˡ
ϸ˵Ҳ˵ûзӦɫ̵ġ
˵С壬ôģָͷۣҵ⻹أҶͶеˣض˵
Բ𰡣٣ֻҪҵĵѨΪʲôʧЧ屻ҶĻѣҲе˼
ԻһЧҶһ⡣
Ҳ԰ôû뵽һ㣿ˣҶĻе
˵֮䣬Ļ԰Ǳ߶߹һ۾ѧȥ˹˹ĵģҲһǼҾõָӵܡ
Ҷһۣ⣬͸Ҷװӣǰ߹ȥһСľײǴ۾ѧȴµһָ
ȫûκεĳɣλ۾ѧֱͦͦصȥôɵڴЩ¶ˮĻ֮С
ͬѧͬѧôˣҶȥһŵҡŶԷ壬ȴ룬֪һ㲻ɹˣҲ֪ĵѨܹάֶ೤ʱ䣿
ôһкΧܹٵѧ˵£æĴС
ʱжüѧ˹УطθһŮҪ˹
ʮӣҲûʲôӦУҽѶʱͻȻôˣ
ҿˣʱ˾棬Ϊ֮ǰľãʱ׷׻ףһ
Уҽ֮󣬰ѧסͷβһ飬Ҳûзʲô쳣ɵɣ֪ԷװвŶѧĸ߶ȸѧԺϵ༶ϢԸȥУҽԺһȫ飬ԷʲôǴڡ
ҵĵѨûʧ鰡ôЧأҶ뿪ʱЩؿҶ֪ʲôط⡣
ҲҶԼҲú֣뵽ԼڵһеֱΪӦøǸЩϵ
һαϳ¼ҵ׷ɱҶһͷ˺棬Ҳһĳ֣ʹһӹܵд˹ȥ˺Ӷ԰ð
һЩԭͨ˸Ͳһ㡣
ֻҶûн¶ȥ¹ԼȫǴⲻõġ
˺棬ʱҶϵһ£ûзӦҡҡͷ˶ζûзӦǷŹҶ
ĺ֣ʱĻȥҵʦô˵ġҶ˵
Ҷ˵㻹ϰ嵱С˰
뵽ʦȻ˴ܣҶļģܹѧʲôʵõĹҲǿķˡ
׼ȥȡαʲôʱ򣬾һŮ˵ں棬ЩغҶ𣿡


173 ˼
ҶЩ죬˵ﻹ˶
ͬѧУ󲿷ֶھǱϴѧˣһЩɴ˹ϵû˵˭߶ѧ
ͷȥʱ򣬾ͷԼˡ
̨֡
쵹еˣôҶҲЩ⣬˹ȥ
ҶҲ˹ȥһѧڻҶߵǷ˺ܶ࣬ͨҲװҶŮ֮ࡣ
˵Ͱ嵱ҶŮѡ
Ҷãû뵽㣿ЩضҶ˵
СãĿ𣿡Ҷʵ
ǰһѧĽĿû뵽ҶˡͷӦ
Ҷ壬˳ָȥͿԶ£һתΧæµţĹԱ
ÿĿѧʱ䣬ܻƵĽĿУ԰棬ѧھͷǰҲԵ̬ǧеĳţеЩ޷еһЩǰԲ
ֻǵҶʾǴһʱʱ¶һ˿ȡ
û뵽㻹һѧ˵⻰ʱȻеװ
ʵϣõܵ֤Ҷݵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪һҵֻǵʱ֪Ҷᵽϴѧѡ
ҶϵľҪһЩҲԸϢû͸¶ȥ
ҲԼķӦٶһЩȻҶҶƽУôܹѡĸУҲôܲڷ˽븴ĻᣬȥЩͨУ
̨ĹɣҶʵ
ŮˣҶеŮ˵񣬿϶ҲҪŵһ֣ϵıҶƽȤǷǳġ
ҶҲܹЩȦŮǵ̬ҪȦӣĺܲףһϵѹҲǺܴģĿһж˵Ŀ¿εΣգΪò绨Ůˣܵвȣ˵£ЭǲЭأ
ЭĻδؾܹǸλϣǲЭĻ϶޷ǸλϣҲоᣬҪһɽֱԭ
ðɣżͻ¼ȽϸһЩش˿Ҷֿ˿ߵ壬Сﳤ治һرʣ˿֮
ŶǻҪȥһЩȸˡҶûҪʲôʵҪŮʤҲܶһʮŮ˲ʲô뷨
ΪĶӣôͶʲôŮ˶ģ
ʵϴҵĿζȽϸߣֻҲųһЩССţһЩȺãϲŮʲôģҶȴûⷽ
ˣˮؼңкøء뿪ʱȻ˵ôһ䣬ȻЦ˵и̵Ķӣ׷׷úܽСѾͷЩͷʹء
Ҷ˵ͷʾ֪ˣȴû˵ʲô
ܲϣһļƵŮˣҶڳˮȤҪȽϴһЩϾһСС뷨ʵ˵ӸԶ࣬ԽΪŮӣԽϣƵԼ£Űǵת
ҲԼҶûʲôĿҲҶϣΪ˼Ҷ֮ϵͲϧϵпɵĳˮ˳
ȻҶԳˮЩǷ뷨ȻϣӰġ
Ҷ͸¶һϢ˵и̵Ķӣڿ׷ˮ޷ǾϣҶ֮Ķѡ
ҲǵͨһŮ˷ʽ򣬼ò绨ˮǵҲô¶һŮ˱׷𣬼ҪѷɫһЩҲ˵
һܹݵַ˽⣬ԲŻߵʱ򣬸Ҷһ׶ҿǷϵ
ֻҶʲôˣܿ뷨
ԣЩʧؿҶ뿪ˣûжԳˮ飬һ俴
СأҶƽĶӣҶҵļѧԨԴ治ǸǵġҡҡͷԼҪҶƽ뷨еԴɡ
ǶӾôƻˣΪӵҶƽǺεȾǵأ
˼;ԼûзǳܹҶƽΪǺеģʵ̫ˡ
뿪̨˺Զ֮Щʵ˵ˮˣ˳Ư𣿡
аɣʵҲͲֻ࣬ȽϾѡҶش
˼˵ұȽϲϾඣʵ
һûмͷǰ㣬Ȼ̸㲻ʵҲһǳɰŮӣҲƯҶһرʾ
֪˵ļٵġʾЩš
ǲô˵ҶٶƯлЩ̵ģϾҶټʶ㣬ʶŮܶడ
Ȼˣ֮תһ룬˵Ҷٺ˵ıҲһģҲ֪Լм棿
٣ĶԳˮ˼Ҷ߶̲סʵ
Ҷڸϳҵĳ̸飬ôָŮ̸˵ɲǺܵµ顣
Ҳ˵ʵŵȦ棬ʵҲôһ¶УҲѰǸԼǼ潿޷ţһѣֻҪб£Ͱû˻ں顣
һҲˣĹǼƻߣһԷֻһӣǶЩմȨƿΡº;ĴŶԣֻһӰˣǶֵӰ
ˣ쵼ȻܹȻΥǱͨķȴǺܶģ˵ŮΪԼ֦ɢҶ˳µˣ취úܣۺǷѡԼգնڣΪļ̳֮һΪס
˼һ飬˭˵ҶķӦǳϣȻûзϣȻ϶ĳ̶ȲǺܸߣȴҲףҶˮٻһ뷨ġ
һж٣ȻȤҶ׷ʵʵҶҶ椣ҲǺܸȤģԼʱǷԹۣ
ҶԼĶͷЩε˵ԹҲǲԣǱڣʮԹۣȻݣӰ쵽ҵЧʵġ
ҪʮôԶˣȻЩʧġ
ʮ֮⣬ټˣҲ˵ЩʲôԼĦʲôأ
ҶһƵ壬ҲеЩЦСѾͷȻ˵ãѨԼǰʱȷʵСһ
ˣȥѧУ߶ˣԷҶЦͷ˵
ҪҵͷֲСӡͷһƫЩ


174 ûеĺԽҰ
ѵܲܲμӣоСӹҼһ
ðɣȻѧͲܸ⻯
ȷʵɰ
䱾Ͳһʲôϵ
Ҷһ߶ߣһ߶۹ǷҪμӴѧѵ顣
ʵСֻҪкˣһѾ
Ҷ붼Ūһ壬ﶫ
ȴеСƣѧУ԰ľѵ͸СһҪ֪ǰܵѵǿʵսΪ׼ģõҲǹʵھ鲿ӣҲΪʿΪڸıֶۣŻ⿴ء
ȻˣҶӿأԲŻҶڡ
뵽ҪһȺСƨһ;ѷˡ
˵ѧʼѵһ꿪ʼأҶȻ뵽⣬ɵЩͷ
86꿪ʼİɡ˵
ʵ֮ǰҲвָУΪѵԵ㿪ʼֽѧѵˣֻ1986꣬쵼ͬ־ǿԸߵԺУҪноѵһϸľΪ飬ȫΧڵĸУضж
һ˵һѧǸʲ׼ɻȽԺζģ԰£ã쵼ڰѧĿģ٣۸ݵûˡ
Ҷ˵ȻȽϳȴҲ޵еʱҵĴ룬ʵҲǴ쵼ǵһ仰ʼıġ
뵽һ֮ҶŶ˵ţͷǸѧУкѵǾͲμˡ
ðˣʱϲ
μӾѵ¶ԭûʲôҪⷽʣ˭ܱȵù˵ĶҪЩѵ̹Ƕöࡣ
ҲţҪæܶࡣҶ˵һ
Ŷˣû̫ķӦ
ҶҪܶ࣬μѧУľѵҲкôǼһµʱúõذ߶һ¡
ھѵ֮Ŀγ̣Ǹ˵ͼ򵥶ˣԼǷϿζνܹ˳ͨԡ
ͷϲʲôʽģҶ˵
в嵹ǲֱӾһ顣
ҶʱЦ㵹ǸᣬڶǾóƿѧУ棬ɵһƬҿˡ
˭˵ֻоóˣǽڿÿĺأѾƺȽϤֱӾͷҶ˵
ŶѾʼóˣӦþǺԽҰҶ֮ȴҲһЩ⶯
ںҶ˽һЩģAMG˾һս֮ǰͿʼΪЧ֮ǰһֱóֱսУսϵı൱ۣ˸עԹ˾˽ԽҰ뷨ֻǲ֪ʱǷѾ˳ƷϾǺ
ҼڲˣȷʵܲԽҰءҶǺܷԣĥҶ취Ūһ
Ҳûа취Ҷ°ͣͨһȥ˴򽻵ȽϺһЩ
Ҷҵ϶ǲ㶯õģôԼԶõģҲֻǱ߶ˣ˵˸񲪽ðŵͲУ
ȻδؾǶĴڣ¶ðŵ򽫾ܴصܴ󣬶УڰҳԼĹϵ磬˵ϣɺܶ಻ʺ
Ҷ͸Ľһһ²УǷܹͨϵϼԽҰá
Ӧò󣬲ҵǸùϵȣͨǿԸAMG˾ϵϣAMG˾Ǳ߶ǵĺóͣǰŪƲʲô¶֪Ǳ߶͸Ҷ˵˵٣ǳһ㶼ܷ͵ģҿҲǱģﲻŪܳأȥҲ粻ǣ
ܳˣһζҺİȫϵҶش
İȫϵߣǿ϶ģսϾܵסԽҰܲ˵ʲôģҶٻںǸ˵ˣҶҶҪкˣѵʲô
ҲһСʱҶѧУ֮ĵ绰ʹˡ
٣ˡڵ绰˵AMGɳ߶˶ʮƷɳ˺ǺܸȤУһɻˣˣ֤ܿϺ
¶úáҶˣҲܸˡ
Ǳ߶Ҷ绰ȴҶЦŶ˵˰ɣɴܿոµĺˡ
˹ǵúϵǮһͷҲû뵽Ҷٰ¶ôԼֻһ䣬Ǳ߶ûأԼ߶ˣеš
ǮͲ˵ˣƶ˷Ѻ˹ˡҶûʲôֻǾһֵ
ʮҶԼҪϼ˾߶ϼĴ飬ǵĺϼҶǱ߶ҲϼҲһֵܸ飬Ͼ󲿷ֵˣִͷԽҰбȽŨȤ
ؼģ⳵ʽҪȵһ֮ˣҪ½гǵúüʱ䣬һ򲻵ĳӣڴϵȻ۲ˣҲݵ
ҶҪ⳵Ҫԭ򣬻Ϊ⳵ʵ´ʲô飬ٿԸõΪԼṩȫڱһǹ͸ˣͨĳʵǲܸṩٰȫС
ÿÿ뵽һ·Ϯ飬Ҷ;ЩӰ
ܿһĳʵ̫ҸˡһҸ״
һнˮҲһġҶһ¡
ٲҪôС泩ȻҶĸ첲ҡ˼£ϸ˵˼ôϴѧ͵Ǹ˼ҷĸò
ãáҶʧЦ㲻ҪٷˣеӦ
Ӣˬı飬ͻȻڸ첲ҡҡȥģҶȷʵӦҲŮһ棬ǳΣԸΣֻҪԼĵ˻£Ůǻ¶Ϊǵһġ
ǰжŶͻȻ˵
Ҷ̧ͷ·濴˹ȥͼ̨ĲɷתͣһȺΧƺִʲôϡܹӰڻζ
ʲô鷳ҶѰ˼ţȴ˵ȥô¶ɡ
㲻Ƕûжٺø𣿡ʵ
ܹˣ˵ˡҶشѧУ԰ôֵģ϶ǲģҲʲôء


175 ܵñӻ
Ⱥ֮Уڸʲô棬̨ɷתͣڴ·ϣΧΧţпһƺɷת΢ײǰеݡ
ǰΧµģס˵̨ѡ
Χ۵ѧǶ࣬˵ҲʮˣֻǴҶԱ߶վţ쳤˲ӿţȴûвֽȥ˼
ô¶Ҷ˹ȥԱһѧʵ
İɣǸѧƳһ۵
ǰô֪ҶЩ죬˵ҿȥ𣿲ɡ
Ȼ˵ҶǱȽСһЩʼʶʲôģһЩѧǲʮʱܶɲǶܱĸȾӰ죬յѧУͱ˿¶ˡ
ô᲻ϵúӣѧһ
ӣҶһ£¶ͷ˲䣬Ȼ˸Լ֮Եĺӡ
˵Ҳܼ򵥣ϲڴѧУ԰濪ܳйϰߣƾжǺʵЧƭȡѧǵĻģһڡ
ѧ£͸һȺԼˣ߶תתû뵽͸̨Ĳɷת΢ײ
ҲǶ¶ҪźƽʱıԣҲ䣬һҲˣҵǮ̫࣬ά޵СǮҲûʱгЩеûе顣
ңײҪ׷ԭʵҲдȡ
ǿ̨ӳ֮󣬺ӵ뷨еıˣϷһŮˣƺҲܲ
һȺ󹷵Ǿţǫ́Ĳɷת椶
ܲܲôģЩߵضԺ˵ǵĳײҪˣ˲ô޳ܣ
Ůô˵ǲԵġƤЦ˵϶ǽȨɣ˵ҵΣ˵Σ˵˶㣬¶ҽ
Ǿҽ˵
㿴нĵط𣿡ӹһЦʵ
ȷʵûݳ޵ѧУҲýĳ̶ȣһ㶼ǵȱȻȺóʱ䣬˹ŵĻʱ͸ˡ
֮ôƶΪûнΪϵʱӺгֹһ䣬˵ǽй쵼˹Ӳ칤ˡ
ڹ쵼棬һûеССͨ⣬ʲô
οôС飬ǽˣҲҪһ䣬ƨ¶ûеһСײҲűô浱ǻӣ֮֮ȥ
Ů㺫˽´һˣ˴϶ͲƽˡԱ߶кӵĺ󹷵塣
ɫǵͨ죬̨˶ӵ飬һ¶ͷеΪˡ
Ⱥпһ£ȻǰһͿҶ
ȻҶīȻϳڿǲҪҶæʱȴҶһСתˡ
ʱеǳʧҶҵүȻҲԸ¶
٣¶ǸպĲԣ۸Ůʲô£ôҲһܣЩСˡ屻Ҷ˳Щʵʵ
һãҶ첻µزµϲΪƽǰӣҲҶٸʰˣÿһζֱӽ˸ӳȥô췴Ը¶ˣ
ҶٺһЦҪô죿ֱȥ𣿡
۸˵ҶмȥȥҲӰҶƽһСͻȺɵԼȻͱȽϺˡ
Ҷߵͣµĳӣ˽ȥ
ײպСӵĳƨɣҪһ˵ˡҶԸ
ðһģʱˡ
û뵽ҶٲǲܣҪ֮֮;ñȽϺˡ
˳ӣ˺
εΡ彫ȰͣųӾȺ˹ȥ
Χ۵һŤͷʱ˸ɢ׷ɢĵʲôӰĶôſ񣿣
ڿģһžίյľüգȥãȴǺ㣬ֱӳȺͳȥˡ
ŤͷһʱҲһ
ȻԼͦţƵģмԺߣҪʧصľײҲײһײˣûеط˵ȥ
˵طϵˣǲô˵ģڲһ׹취طϹϵ
Ҳܵһ߶ۿճӲӲײ˺ݵƨɡ
顭һ죬ճײȥӵǰ˹ȥ̨ɷתؼһ
ԣӵݳһӣӵǾǱһϹ˸֨֨ʱһ㣬ϸǳһƣŷžһزӣȥǳЦ
ҵĳӿ챻ˡ
ۿĳӱ˸ײһѷһǵôˣ÷ζըˣִһУ԰
ճײ˺ӵ֮󣬾Ϳʼ󵹳
óճȷʵȽϽʵԼûʲô󰭣ǲһƤѣճԣƤҲûʲôϵǻɰģɫ߲ȥȽϹžɡ
ӳȥڼʻҵһĴų
˭֪˸û˵ʲôּͣǰȥһκݺݵײ˺ӵݡ
һΣĸӶײˣڿз˺ü£ŵڵϡ
ΧܾСһζҽǰΧˣ׷ѰҰȫĵطܣһΣ֪ᷢôأ
һΣճͣ
ӳȥĴżճĳ
棬ƺһŮ˾ڿһīüĿ
ڷŭ֮ʣͻȻ򿪣һɴײ˹ײںӵıϣʱðǣһɱѪ˳
ѪˡһԼıӣʱеΡ
Ա߶ĺӵİҲܹˣһ߶ֽסӣһ߶߶ôģ
ıɱ
ĳϽ
찡ˣ
ֳʱҺģֽס˱ǿ֮еķ£վҪʱ򣬾ͿһīӴӸʻλߵǰ
ߡӺһīͷȥ¶ݡ
ӿ˵ݣ̾͸˹һ㣬һƨ˵ϣô¶ô㣿
ҶһֻôźӣҲ˵ȴǸ˺ܴѹ
˭ôţƣоеԾʲôܰѺӸŵõڵϣ
˭֪Ӹûлشǵ⣬ڵϷ˸سȺҲ֪ʲôܵˡ
ףܵñӻ찡Ҷ״ҲЩȻ
û뵽ӾȻӵֵز


176 
Ҷһ¶棬ͰѺӸˡ
߹ʾ˸л
ûʲôǼôţѧУҲҺУӰ໵Ҷʾֻ΢һС¡
˵ŶˣúõһڼһŶһ
һҲȻˣںڣҲֻҶĺ̫үס㿴ղźӲֻʧӵӣ֪Ҷѹжˣжĥ
Χ۵˽ضɢȥˣԸ̨˰ԼĳߣͱʾҪҶԷԱҶĸл
ʵײС¶ĵľǺΪһֱ鷳ˣҪ֪гͬʱֹŵ̨߶ĹǺѣȷʵȽ鷳һЩ
Ǹƨȥ̨ɧ㣬͸Ҵ绰ˡҶʾ
̫лˡЦ˵е棬֪ӵǵҶȻҶ˼ƽϣһֱڴӵСһ
Ҷվûгķ߶յ極Ϣ˵촬Ǳ߶һЩ飬е鷳
Ҷ뿪֮󣬺ӵİǲŴ˹ѹǸߣȻ绰ϳõܳߣȥ޳
̫ɶˣһȭɳ棬ŭغ
飬ʵ̫ˡ
ԭҵ鶼ܺãÿʱڣѧѧҲǴƤһζʱ䣬ΪʲôأΪбȽ˵ǳ
ʵϣѧҲױЩǹֵģΪǴСѧѾȦʮһ꣬˷˶ٵഺʱ⣬ͻȻѧԱȽϿɵĻ֮ȻȻؾͿʼԼ
ˣҶϲʱܵѧУ԰ãһܹѡرȽϴһѧǴ󲿷ֻûиϱȽ֡
ôõ飬ȫΪҶĳ֣׽˾֡
ȫû뵽ԼǵϷһµ̨⵽Ҷķȫ޲˵ԷĳŸײ˱
̫ɶˣһҲߵرʾ
ӣʲôͷҿǳȻȽãҵտǾίеġһоͱȽɫһЩֱӾʵҪ⡣
ҵһͷû뵽ˡ֧֧˵
ı۶ϣ˵ʱеĸоܲӦҲɵӣȻ˵ҶһίԱίǹӵݣðЩǶˣ
Ǻӳ϶ԷĶͷҲЩǶʱѻȸܹгͷˣ·϶ܼ򵥡
ӵ۾һת˿⼸ǣ˵Ҫ֪үҶӳˣЩŵɢˡ
ôһҲԼôѹӦİ취һԼı״̬УϾԼս
Ҷէôţˣȵ֮󣬻˲ʺ
ӣʶһЩϵˣҪҪǰһͻȻ˵
ϵˣһ£ƽʱ¶һ绰˰ͽ쵹ù٣ڵϵˣûнӴоԼȫˣôнأ
ô˵ԼҲǸгĹӣԱֱϵȥðǸգһЩΣշӽӴ
ҡҡͷЩòҪӴ֢ܶġ
Ǹо˵Щ¶Ǯ¶¶ˣûһ֢ԼеģֻܳǮͿԡ
ô򵥣֮󣬾Щ˼飬ⲻ͸ְҵɱֲ
ҪǮ̲סһ
˵ְҵŶӣǮܸͻúܸɾܳסǸлش
֮󣬾һܸɾܳ׵˼ʲô϶öʣԵɱڰɣ
뵽ֻûǮ˸ȫ𣬰ѿɶҶ˼ӵ滹е⶯ģǮƽ˵йȻܶ࣬治ʲôǽ޳ķãҲԲ飡
˿Щˣڻסˣҡҡͷˣڡ
ҾͺȾֱɢ֮󣬺ӲŰѸղǸкס
ҵĳ㿪޳ǮӶ˵СӽҶǸһ
ǸнӹǮ֮ŷӦΪʲôҪ˵飬Ƕˡ
ҲãԼƽ׵һ޳Ǯʵͳˣ˵޳Ǯʵ׵ķöѣֻа͵ЦֻҪ飬ͿȥˣԼ顣
ںӵ߶׬ͷ
ϵʱ򣬺г˼ңͼӾȻڼ棬ɵЩ졣
ôڼҴţûиǳȥгЬɳǣ˵ӣʵ
ӣһǲʡĵģÿ춼棬һµУڼ¶棬Ƕģ˵ĽҲ٣Ƕʲô鷳Żܻ
ѲɣǳʲôǷˣ
쳵Ӹײˣ޳ˣϲȥˡ˵
ʱ򣬺гע⵽ӵıһ˵ҲֵֹģɵЩôˣ
ײ£ײ˲֪ʲôط۶ˡػش
гҡҡͷԺ󿪳עҪôֻͣǱӶ˻ãǡߡ
ȻҰԼҶͻ˵׿϶
ܹθгϿ˵ǱȽϿԵģ߶ĸɲҲΪ֣ϵϵϵĸɲϳθְıȽ϶࣬иߵĽᣬϵĸɲǴϵ֧ŵģһ㶼ռ˱ȽҪλã׻ǨĻᡣ
гбϵҪ֮һʵҲǲСġ
Ϊǵͷߣеĸ涼ǳϤǿŵ鷳ܹٵҵİ취ϵĸɲǣǼҪѹҪãٹһ״̬
гźڸոոϳ¼ҽ˽Ӵ֮ϳ¼Ҿζʧˣ׵صȥúгΪźܹĴţԼ;϶ܹһ¥ϧǣϳ¼ҵҲ̫ˣȫûзӦء
ҶƽУʹµı仯
ֻ߶Ĺٳ൱ӣϵ۸ӣϵ߶ԼĴˣҪ˳߶ĹϵҪ൱һζʱ䣬Ҫ˵ѹһԾŶҪѺܴġ
ңҪʵĿ꣬Ҳÿһλ߶ܹģҪǳԼٿصļɡ
˵гҶƽҲһڴԼܹ뵽ҶҵϵУһõѡ
ֻǣ֪ҶƽǱ߶һʲô̬ء


177 ҶƽĴ
ҶƽҲȷʵܵΪһλ⽮ѹ
ǰھǵʱȻĶǣǹģǱϾûкֱӵҵѹҪ˵ѲСֻҪõβҫԼһЩڶҶİ£ȥһ˶ûбԵǳɾԲеĻᡣ
֮ҶƽĵһӡҲҶ࣬ԶûԼ󵽵ôãĸ棬ΣһнҶƽε·ϵһǡ
ı棬ЩĲȫ޽ࡣ
ȫһУǰǽĵĳƺţҶƽˣȻǷǳģ֮ǰλߣǽͬ־Ǻͬ־Ӣ֮ˣ˵̾ΪֹǼˣеȻˣⲻܲ˾̾Ҫеĵˣʵڲװ
ί鳤أҶƽĶ棬һЩĻ顣
ǰе𣬵ʱͬ־æץӹ̣һǧٶ˿ڣôܹסвȱˣһȷʵһḶ́ʳΪضҶƽܵͬ־ľɣɸΪ֮һС£вνһǮѵӢۺ˵Ҳĺܡ
ͬ־ͺͬ־ʱȷʵ˺ܶŬҶƽ˵
ȷʵˡί鳤ص˵ͷ
⵹쵼ƨʵˣݷϡ
ͬ־г±˵кųƲҹǣڿпʱ򣬲ŸյˡŵӵʱоһƬҵ֮صϾ·ҹУҪϾ·ƹ
ʱöеǶЦ֪أŵȻճ
еĻʩʮûдĸĽԭڵϾ·ʩ񣬹ϵͳûռ䣬Ͼ·øĽʹ˴¥յ⣬Ӧҵٻ¥Ŀյؽ̵ҲĿչҹУûпԴҪ֧˹ѣƷѣǮ˭ôСһ¶ǵͬ־кķһ¶Щп˵ͬ־ǸаģӲǸĽϾ·վԱ֤Ͼ·̼ҺȰ˵ȿӪҵ겻ҲУгҪϾ·ôˡ
¶Ҳ˵Ҷƽʾʱְв˶Դ˷飬˵ƽ˷磬û뵽ҪΪһϵĹʻУڵϹôУͬ־һȴǴӸŤתҵĹڿȻȼ֮ģеҹѾḻˡ
Ӻͬ־ΪϾ·ȫҵֵĵƹ⹤̣ҵֵҹнӽƵƣڵġ
ҪںţӲʩõƵıȻĿһҲǱȻġ
˵ûеƹ̣еķҵչûô졣
Ҷƽ˺ܾãǺͬ־ţҲ൱
Ҷƽ֮ǰͬ־ʱ򣬺ͬ־ᵽ˺أĹʾ˿϶
Ȼˣͬ־Ϊеǰ쵼ˣҶƽ¡Ƽһ棬ǷܹҶƽϿɣһ¶ˡ
ԼҲ֪ôһ¶ȻҪҶƽǰԼãͬ־ʱǳԷ˶ڽչҪκһ£ȶҪΪʽ𷸳̣Ҹҵͷԣߡڹؿ趯Աᣬԭйоصʦúͬ־һ
¶жţֻǲ֪飬˵ҶƽԼǰλǺܸȤġ
˵ģȻͬ־һίԱȴø߲һ¿أΪĽӰѡгίƵ룬֮϶Ҫ볣ģǸʱ򣬵λҶƽ֮ϣΪƶĹ쵼ˣֻǸλá
ӱ˵Ϸ㣬ΪԼҲҶƽһŵ㡣
Ǻǣ¶ҼǵñȽͺЦʱͬ־Թֵ˵ҪץʱŬɣһ죬һߣǾһ׬ǮǹҪWTOȥǮͲˣôĺӣҪץʱͷ󷢲ƣͰɡ
ͬ־˵ȻȤҶƽˣҲݸһЦ
ϸһ룬ͬ־Ѻͬ־Ϊҽ滰쵼ˣȷʵе
ͬ־ȤֶȴǳǿӲ˵˾Ϊʮ׬Ǯҵ˾ţ˿ͣҵĻ˭˭û취һһ̺̣ⷬڻؿȥҲ̾Ϊֹ
Ҷƽͷ¶Ҳע
γ⳵ҵֶΣͬ־İ취ǿԼׯңȻҾ֣ҲȽϷһ˼·ͬ־뾩ҲϣֶΣƶδЧĹĸ
ҪչУصԶҶƽȻվߵ˴ǰľɫ̾˿һеӲȽ񣬲ܹ⿴ƽʱҪһ󣬲ԭα¶ʱ򡣡
ȷʵкܶҪͬе裬ƽʱǿʲôģһͻı꣬ôʲôⶼᱩ¶š
Ҷƽ仰ϸĥһʱúе
ҶƽĻ棬ˣǴȰѳнճ̣ûһõĳл̸ʲôУ
ȻǺõģǺصȴǣҪֱ֪ڣгнѪѪѭûγɣҪʲô飬İ峯ϣҪǮڿ֧ţнôĿǮӺδأ
Ȼ˵ҶƽҶүӵĹӣίԱĵ͹쵼ˣҶҵ֧ţɸΪ֮ûǮĻʲô취
ҶȻңھҲ൱ҪӰǾԲһңûиɵйĲƸҪƶеĳн蹤Ҫʽ𣬽һʷǰ
Ҷǣǰζ޷
ضԴˣǺֹۣô¸޷ɣʮ֮޷ɵġ
ҪչǽϽʽ𶼽ټ߷֣ȫ֮죬ʵĿĿԡ
ȷһ⣬Բ޽⡣Ҷƽ˼Ȧ˻֣Ժ˵ȻнҵҾͲ£ʬλزͣҪչܵȣܿһжҪԼ
ˣʱһȫԼĻõŵȵ
λҶǣȫûʶѶȣж


178 ҶҲС鷳
λиĻϴ촬أʱѾ߹ģˣǰһƬׯڵء
ҶĹ滮У촬ԶֻͬʱҲһЩˮǧҵĴ񣬺רҵĽ£һЩ
ҶֱʱȽϴһʹƽ̨ŽԶֵţʵֻҪĶ΢һ£ֱӾ캽ĸ
ĿǰԺں촬ļ˺רǧѾפأǵļҲ׷׽븽ͬʱȫصļ˲ǧˣҲʼ״̬ͬں촬Աɵϡ
ں촬Ǳ߶ǧ˴Ǩ˵أЩ˵ļֵһЩǳ׽Ƶļ˲šҶ㱨һ½ڵĹ
ˡҶЦ˵ĸսԵĵһҳϣᵽľ֡
˵ĺܽɺĸһ楰ҶһۣȴЩϲһΣʡ߶е鷳Ҫˡ
極һŮӣоҵ꣬һֱǴ´ѧϰʱдֱҪģ楺Ҷ˲ˮȻ󾲾һԡ
͸Сһλкӻ㱨˺棬֪ҶǺηʥȻܹͶ㱨
ϴ촬صͬһȫ˽Ͷ߳ʽĴҵҵ֮еĴ󲿷ԱǴĺں촬Աôдеǳ𾪡
ڵ촬ҵ⼸Ȼȡ˳ĽչǸƶұȽȻǷǳģں촬ҵҲ׹
һֱЩܵıӦиָӣȴû뵽ȻһλˣȴһѧģЩʧˡ
ʡ߶ôһҶϸ
ҪǸռЩϵʡ߶һЩǺϱȽЩִǵĹѿչ楽͵
極֮ҶʶҪɵ飬Ƕôס
򵥵˵Ϊ֮
ڹѡַ⣬촬һڽʡؾڵģиʡЭǱزٵһڡ
ԭͬ־鹤ʱ򣬾ͻϴ촬صĽ⣬Ҳͬʡйͨ˫ɹһ
֮ǰĹһֱеñȽ˳طԴҲȽϡЩضҶ˵죬Ǳ߶̬ȣȻЩ仯Դ˵طΧ֮ڵĶǨҲñȽ鷳ˣƽȥ쵼Ҳ׷ã˸е֡
ʵҲ֡Ҷ֮žôһ¶ˡ
ʡ̬Ȳ仯ĸӣҶƽϡ
ô¶楺ʵû뵽ƺ顣
֮ˣҰе˽˷ĹڣҶҶͷӪемҶ˵
˽˷ĹڣЩ⡣
²Ϊ˵Ҳǲǰ˵ģ㲻ˣ֪Ҳ޷Ҷ˵ʡʡնҰҪ꣬ҲǾǴ˼ҳ丸ǰũҵְ񣬵ϼҽףҰְ¶ˣնԴһֱڻӾͽˡ
ʡϼң֮󣬶ʱһЩѵ˵游Ǳ߶
šҶ˵ͷ
˼˵ն׷裿楾¶ͦЦģû뵽ҶƽնĴǰҲйС˵еڹ¡
ϼȻκţȴŵڣҲһ̵УҲУѧģҶҪʢܶࡣ
նĸҲǽмᣬүཻǳ滹һЩԨԴġ
׷û׷ҾͲֻնүѧҶش
ˣԴ̹һ
үӸүཻĪ棬նүӱȽϿصѧλүӾ˶¶Ů׼ҵ˼ҶҶƽճӲǽǣ˹顣
Ϊ飬үԾ޹⣬ԸҶҵĹϵҲôģҶҸϼҲѻѾûлصʡס
ٺҶƽҶҵһ̳ʮһʱΪίԱίǣνǹ֮ͣϵĴһ˹쵼˵֮С
նҲƾԼԼ֧֣ӽʡһһӡߵڣΪһʡ֮ĹԱ
飬žǴġҶͷҲЩε˵ƫƫʡָнп˵ǱΧڽʡڵģì޷ˡ
Ҳ楶Դ˱ʾǳʡĴԱˣ¶ôûб׼ʲô¶ѹҶܹΪίԱնҲһίԱмĲ࣬治˵ġ
ҶͦʱҲЦնˣ»һЩģҲϽʡλá˵ؾΣҲϾֻǴıƶ϶ѣΣҪһ
ʲô϶ռҹѡ楷˭ĲҵδؾͺΪҶ鷳飬϶ס˵ģǰͬ־еʱ򣬶Է޷ȷһ㣬ںͬ־ˣҶ飬һǰһ֮Ĺռҵ˿϶Ҳóһֶ϶Ю˽
Ҷͷʵ֪֮ҲЩ
νعٲֹܣ鵽˵طϣҲδؾôãһлԼ취У¶ͻƵĳƤУ
Ȼ˵촬صѡַк޶Ҳǲԣһܶͻ½ű¶նһе֮Ҳʹ˰ְɣ
ֵעһ㣬дʱĲӹ̣֮һϣҪʡ룬ģȻǽʡ߶
ֻһȽϽҪĹϵ˵ϵǧͷնҪҶƽϾĻҪʹһϵֶеķչʵܸӡ
¶ȷʵЩ֣ҵϸһ²СҶͷ۵С鷳
Ȼ˵նǡһʡʡպܹίԱĲӣͽ˱Ƚķˡ
Щ鶼ܹڵ۵ģԾ͸ѽ
Ҷĥ˰죬Ҳû뵽õĽ취ǾԼӦȥʵز鿴һ£Ƿܹӵ߶ҵֶΡ
նܶǳȷָʾĻᱻץѱ˵ʲôģҶԼҲܸ㰡
ֶҶ˭ţ


179 һ仰¶
أУǽʡغ˿68򣬹硢򡢰´11ýΪʡǷ
һα뻪ϵأڹ򣬹ӱ˻ϵĻطΧ
˵ڶǨ֮ǰѾˡ
ʱ˽軪ϻ֮󣬺ͬ־͸ʡԼ̸߶ǷǳϵģܿͰ˶Ǩѵط˳
ҲϸĿƤȦ
ֻмǶ꼾ڣʩٶȲǺܿ죬߶ĳΧǽֻǸո滹ûндģĿԵһЩտ
һΣռݵĵƤƽңһĶأǧĶǴӹص򻮹ġ
촬ͶԪ滮ռ570ƽףռ50ƽף12ͷ9Ϊ촬޴󹤳װֽṹ촬ƻ½30촬(480ף96ף14.1)50촬(530ף121ף13.1)һÿ䱸һ600ŵ
޴ƻ½30޴(ɴ룬360ף78ף13.1)15޴(ɴ룬325ף58ף13.1)һĿǰѾʼ뽨赱Сͬʱд˾һ10ַָϻأѾʼʹá
촬ĿΪһ꣬ƻ92֮ǰ忢92ͶӪ
ʱڶڽγ촬200ض֣Զγ촬468ض֣Ҫ30ֳʹ(VLCC)15ֺ7ɢԼ8000׼(TEU)װ䴬ϸʽʹ(FPSO)ʽԭʹ豸(FSO)ʯ꾮ƽ̨ȡ
޴Ԥ212(װ)󹤳̽4
Ҷ楳ʻĺԽҰ촬϶˿ʼһ·Ű򱱣Ӳؽ
һ·ĹϣܹȻʩ
ԭֻһƬߵ̲أʱȻڶཨεضȷʵȽˡ
һΣүӰ˺ܴæľҲЩпҶ˵ǱȽҵģֻǽʴҵչһ㣬Ǵ˷չ
Ϊʴҵƣ촬豸ļ۸ѹñȽϵһЩҶִǱ߶ĹѹöԸĳɱʲôģѹ͵ļλ
Ϊĸ˽ֵ⣬˷ѹҲܴø˻ϴչĻᣬĻЩǺܲҵġ
ڹڹ˼Աںں촬ļ֮ĺǱǰԤúܶ࣬ǹڵ촬ҵͬҲһϵ֪ʶһµģټϺܶ༼ǰѧǶʱǿ֮󣬾ȻܹܿҲһ׮ϡ¶ˡ
Ҷ˽⵽֮ҲɵðԼŪһ˻Ͷܺ˳ǲװ
չһĽٶȣشҪʱܽ楶Ҷ˵Ҿ϶ȲôãԸ涼ҪñȽϽ֮Ԥһ֮ھͿɣ֮ǰͶİջǺܴġ
ǳáҶ楱ʾ˳ֿл⡣
Ȼ˵ԼŮ˲٣ôΪ촬عݶ⻹ǺصģҶԼʲôҲҶ˼ԪʽԤ֮£νؾãҪһԽˡ
ŲԶڴ֮е10¥ߵŵҶҲɵüȡ
ؽ飬ģ飬ɡҶʾԼĴڸУֳ˺˵Ϊʵִĸսԣ˵һʡѣʡίҪʹӣҲҪ޻أ
楿˿ҶЩû˵´
Щ飬嵽ʵʩĻڣŻᷢûô򵥣һؼĲţܸһ鷳Ҫ˵һʡ֮ˡ
񻪶ϲŸո𲽣飬ԺķչУ֪ʲôأԴ極Ҳûʲô
Ȼ˵촬ؽ֮󣬽һȻĳЩԱУҲһ˽ѡ
˽ʲô֮ڵڣû׼һ䣬˰
ȥ굽꣬ƫʱ򣬹жټ˽ϰ嶼Żˣܶ˿ֱӰҵˣз磬嵥ȻһЩˣҲܹųַͷƻ᲻
صıˣǴӵڽʡصǲ֡
Ҷǹȥʱ򣬾ͼԭѾ˵ΧǽʱƵˣשͷɢһأһƬĿյϣֳ˺ܶʱӡ
ȥ֮ҶӳȥЩ˾Ҫʲô
Ҳӳ
ߵǱ߶ֻӴķǳª޷ǾǼľͷ֧һϲʲôģ±ˣѹϼ͵ȡĵשͷʵǾסꡣ
˿˺üӣûˣֻһЩƱ֮Ķȥͺǽлס
ƽʱû𣿡Ҷѯʵ
żתһת楻ش
Ҷ˵ͷһЩ
ԣЩ˾ΪרռһƬطϵġ
üͷ˵¶ܲð죬Ȼ˵ʱЩû˾סȴһЩƷҪǿǸƽˣʱԻһȺ˹¶ŵľͲǹصһˡﵷңǵĹ̽ҪܵصӰġ
⣬ҲĶЩ˰һ˾ͲˣҪǵĶǲŻ˵۸ˣĻҲǵˣ̸
ҶתһȦ֮󣬾Ͷ˵Ҳ׽㿴ˣ֮ھԶ˻ȥ
ôܣ楱ʾţЩԾ⵷ҵģղҶҲʾԷпǵõ˽ʡն⣬Ȼˣôȥأ
㲻˽ٳϵ飬ԲŻ¶Ѱ졣ҶЦ˵ʵ飬Ҳһ仰¶仰Ҫ˭˵Źãͺֵˡ
˼˵楶Ҷİ취ǱȽڴġ
Ͼ極УҶֺܻᴴ漣ˡ
¶Ҫ˵û˼ˣ֮ϿžˡҶ΢΢һЦ
楲֪Ҷʲô⣬ֻǼһĹ죬ȻҶ϶Ѿ㣬Ӧθնˡ
ɵЩϧնҲƽƵ겻ʮ꣬Ѿһʡ֮ίԱƫƫҪҶԣҶƵǾֻ˵һˡ
ȻҶ˵ˣֻһ仰¶ôȫţʱҶѾأһ׶Ընİ취


180 ƾֵֶ
еĸɲ飬ǺõġҶƽ̸Ĺʱ÷ǳ϶еĸɲʾͬ
һ㣬ҶҲûзԣΪҶƽ֪Ҳӡ
ԣеĸɲڱȽϵС֣ҴƣʮʼũҵӪҵĻԾǻ鷽޴˶ҲӦк͹ϵʡݵǧڿʼɸ嵽ҵĲƸʱҲһɳֻڹڰִҵƯѧ߼ˡ
Ҳûڰʮ۰̨СʱͬչΪеɿռޣͬʱҲзչĺҵʧҲҪȴʱ죬Ϊıõҵȫҵ̫쵼˵ĸ˳ŵǼڷƶȵơ
˸ĸ￪Ȼʮˣ߶ȴδͬһ޴ıһֱڻľӪ
Ҷƽֹ֮ǰǰ쵼˱罭ͬ־ͬ־۽綼ǳһһ֮ޣʱȻûھ÷дĽûз츲صı仯Ѿд˱ȽϺõλ͹
Ҷƽ飬Ҫʲôƶеķչأ
⣬ҶƽҲ˺ܶ࣬νĳȣѡ
ʵѾջ񼾽ڣҾϰġҶҶƽ˵
ôΪģҶƽʵҪ֪вӯȻǸȻάڳԷϣһ³н滮ȴû㹻ʽ֧֣Ҫ˵ƽ׵ΣĿҪƶ̣ңңڡ˵ջ񼾽ڣ˿ûп
ҶȴЦϰڱɽ֮У΢һָ̾ĲԴõŵûǮ
˼˵ʲôҶƽʵ
ôչģϰֲǲںα⣿Ҷʵ
ڣҶƽһ⻰ʱҶ˼
⣡
иոտŵʱҲһûʲộƾ޷Ǿһߣ͸Ϊȵԡ
ͨزл˴ֽԴΪǮУڽһСС壬񷱻ƽ
һȻûпߣһôʽǱܹʽܶ౶ʽ
ȻͼӰһ·ǷҲ󡣡Ҷƽڶܹ飬ҲǱȽϿ϶ģֻδûйǣǰ쵼ûп·ǶߣҸյУٷϴˣѵͷǵ·ˣ
ԵĪˣȻи˵Եǿ󲻵õġҶԴ˵ǿúܵͬ־ͺͬ־еʱ򣬸۴ϻǴӾиⶼʣڲͬˣбҪչ⿿첹ǲеģ֮˱ҪУϰʮһίǣϣܹƾ𣿡
Ҷƽ˶ӵĻþûлӦ
ҶĻȻеģ˵Ǳеȶ֮棬һλϳɳصίԱֹɣαλƸεĵίԱְأ
߲ĴǣѾбҪչ
Ϊ͹ʾһҪڣеķչʵ̫ˣȫֳܹڹ⾭úеҪλ
ԣҶƽ飬ԲΪȣΪƾ֣
Ϊ߲ôܴӦҶƽŪϾʮһίԱǰҹеһǧߴݣﶼڲסʵ̫ҫˣ
ҶеȷʵԼĽȥˡ
ʵҶеķչҲǻزķſԼǽ΢ǰһѣȻֻһ̵꣬ǰбԹڷ涼һܴĴٽá
ΣȻҪĿԴ֪ܲǻ¶
ϵʱҶڷ濴š
ԴҶ˵ˣϵſŵĻ֮楾Ϊˡ
֪Ÿص֮䣬ʲôֱӵϵ
ŵĲһˣͷǹ쵼ǶæмȫúҸǹⶼȽң۵ĲʽӦˡ
ֻڿŵʱ楾ͷһɵҶѯ
ףǲһͳ̨棬µ˾Ȼ޶ԣƶǷЩظҶ˵
ȷʵеһ
ĳУ쵼볡ʱ򣬴ҾҪʱĹƱʾһӭˣ֮ڽĹУÿ쵼ͣٵʱǾҪˣʱȻǸҳ־õĹҴһ˵Ӧʾġ
ǵĻϵȷʵˣʾһ¾ˡ
ȻЩһҲǲòġҶһĻ͸楽͵ʵϣͳĵʱ򣬴ܻһȺԶơˡƷĺܺϣıϯԱ˲йؾ֮񣬲ơһȺͷ̫̫ǣ߷ԺĴ󷨹٣˾ҲơˣǻƵģֻǵĹƶкǿҵĸԣúþ͹ƣúܺãƾͺңòõĻڹĵƵҲеģЬӵϯ̨ȥ
ϯ̨Ьӡ楱Ͼûȥ˲Щȣô飬ҲóģȻҵúš
˵֮䣬žͽˣԤʽǳ
ʲôû楾˵
Ҷؼҿţ˿ûийص飬楾ú֣ѵҶⶺģ
ٰꡣҶֻ˵ôĸ֡
Ԥ֮󣬶ݵĹȥͻȻһĿ̸
ףĿʲôʱеģôûע⵽Щ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵Ϊ˻ϵ飬Ȼѡ̸ĿǰŪˣҲ֪ʲôӰ죿ʻߺܶɣҲֻһ׺ͶƵ
λڣӭտ̸ˡ
գڽʡأһ顭
ŵŮ˵ԼϵĻ棬楲ɵЦҶȻǹģһӾ͵˶ԷѨ
ʲô취ܱùصһȫڵǰ󣬸ýʡʡնеأ
ҶȻǲѣһ־ֶΣöԷһضûС
һնҶƽʹӣȴû뵽Լ


181 յڶ
նһȥѻƻĲ輸ɢˣŭ˵ôܸ
Ϊһʡ֮նտŵϰߡ
ȻǺίԱʡʡҲпɽǱϾھǣԶھǵϢڸ߲һֱǷǳעģŽĿȻδؾôӪм͸¶ϢȴѰζġ
ǶЩһʡԱǣֻҪһССķͷƣܹϤ⡣
ӾȻһ̸һڵһھͽʡĹص˻ӣʾʲô˼
ֻżȻ¼ն·˵
ϵĹȻո̿ãͶʽȽϴ󣬹ģҲǿǰ־Ҫڵһ޴أĿһ㶼ǼǱȽĵѡ⣬Ϊý跽飬СһЩҲ׳ӣһ׳Ϊš
Ϊˣڻ϶׵ĿҲǴڵģû׼Щǡ飬͸ͱȥ
ûô򵥡նҡҡͷ
Ͼûôɺϣ
ÿһı󣬶Ȼԭ
֮Щ鿴ȥɺϣֻΪֵĲ̫˿Ϊĺۼѣ
ˡ̸飬пܾһ߻ģԹأֱնĶ¼
뵽նͺȻ뵽Լ϶ͷѾ֣ҳίǵҶƽϡ
˵ϵ楣ҶƽĶҶϵܺãһε飬᲻Ҷڱ涯֣·ԹɫԼĿ
նҶƽԸȻ֪˲࣬·պе֪֮һԵͬ־֮ҶƽίǣնеȽƣˤ˺ü豭
·мڴˣ˰ն˼ŻǱ߶ǸһϰһҶҡ
ֻû뵽Ƿ涯ˣǻϷûκεķӦ
·Щ֣ôҵȴһأͷ飬ѹĳ͹ĿĶ¼Ȼ֮һĿвˣ
һη̸Ŀĺ棬˻һ仰˵ǱĿעڻϵһطͶ¼Ǹеޱơ
ȫôſȥǸҪϹôƴĵطأ
ҶƽôСǼնҡҡͷ
Ȼô˵նҲڴģ˵Ҷƽô޳ָܵʾӷһҲǾڱȽϵͶ˵ķΧ
ȷʵĶ飬նҲôȷˡ
Ĳ˵ֻƾҶƽôܹ꣬϶ӾкǿӰģϾƲҵѾԵˡ
նҲɻҶƽٴ󣬶ϵͳӰҲһ仰һĿɣ
Ҫ֪ĿӣҪԤ㣬ô򵥣þ쵼ĲؼģһĿҪôҲʮڵĽĿں֧ŰɣĻ˶ٶô˵
ǿȫǰչʾ˶Ϸ
ô졭·һ䣬̾;ԼеͿˣ¶϶Ҫģ˼ٸô죿ѣʡǾͰˡ
նһۣû˵ʲô
ֻһ۵ȴó·˾κˣԣʡԼĹʾˡ
Ϊ֮ƣð칫иģз涽Σ·ѯʵ
ն˵ͷӶصעˣѾڵڶ쵼˵ǰʡֻ֪ø⡣
۴ĸ뽫µڱȽϵ͵Ĳϣ˵ϣԳеһּܲΣٸ߾Ͳˣǵ⡣
·Ӧְ֮顣
ǻǱ߶ͳ˷ǳľҲǰ֮ڣеʱﻧȫʧˣֻʣһصשͷ
߶ϣָӴʩеռأȻΧǽʲô޲˿׽ԼظĄ̇Ϊ֤ݡ
Ȼƶ࣬ǹڵܶ䣬Ԥһ֤ݣҲб޻
ֻǵϣ֮󣬡̸ٴγֵʱȻԷڻϻ߶˸ٱ
ǺϲؿĽĿ֮󣬽ʡ칫ָʾҪ棬£ѾģڹϵʱѾв
Ϊϰ˵ط׵ӰϲͬʱҲҪ˼һط鵱УһĲʽɫأʱˣȥٿȫϳ˲ĸԴʡ
ǵ֪Ƶ鲻ڻϵĹϡ
Ϊͬнʡݣʡ֮䣬ӦǽֵܹܺϵȻ֮ìܾײǽʡ澭ϴһЩΪϰ˵߲˽еĹ鷳ˮ繩ӦϹѡ
յĽĿ֮󣬺ܶĹڴ绰Դ˱ǡ
¼ǹ¼Ϊ

̫ն˵֮һȭƻĲ輸ˡ
ԼѾʾˣû뵽߶ĵ˵ڶԺǿĽĿҪ˵ûָʹҲǲܵġ
ƾʲôҪһʡݵ쵼
֮󣬱ĲʡնʡίĽ׵ϣҲûйʣĽǵ·飬ȻҪǱ߶һʡУʡһĽףҲܵСѹɣ
ʡеĹϵ¶Ҷ˭Ҳûа⻰ᵽǰͬ־飬ӽʡ߲뾳ʱ򣬸ʡҲԶ˵ûΪûе˺ƹ
һξȻ飬ѵҶƽʹҪһԽиʡ֮ĶԹ
ߣҪնҶƽ֮ĶԹ
ն񲻶ȸǵĺ̨˵绰棬ѹסӺȡ¼÷չͬʱҲڿǣԼԴĸ֣Եضչ
ڵ飬һʵĶԾ˭Ҫȥû̧ͷĻˡ
˼֮䣬绰
ͬ־Ľףһ£Ҫ˵ʡίĽ׵ӻͲ洫˳
õġն˵绰֮󣬲ɵ̾˿
˲ճƵĶ֣ȷʵеЩ˼άˡ
ֻҶƽʲôʱ⸱ģˣնлǳɻ
ίԱ¶ͿôͱˣһٳϵĹ


182 е
е𣿡楶ǳȤ
˵ҶЦ
ʵϣȷʵ޷شһʼǱƵĲ٣һ֮ЧͱȽˣڲһע¼߲ĴǣҲʼעʡ֮ͬĹϵ
һҵأеķչһǧ˵⣬ͱȽϴˣΪصȷĶͷеһһƱضǣ߲Ŀ⡣
Ҷƽίǣһ̬ȣΪ˷չУ벻ϧһг¾ɵף޷ҡġ
ʱͻȻҪϺȣӵζʲô
С˵Ǹ˽˵ǾǹȻ볪ˡ
ҶıĽĿܹ˳Ƴڶڣܹ˵ˣ߲Ҳϣͨ飬ĳЩ˵ͷһ£֪ʲôʲô鲻
ǵ᲻ĺ˵ΪҶȷʵ޷ԤʡڵڶϮ֮󣬻ķӦ
˵еˡҶ˵նŭͷԣǽʡһʡίĽ
Ŷǵеϧˣ뿴һʵĴƬЩϧ˵
һӣڹ߶ȷʵ˲ٵ楴ʱֻҲǿġ
ıʼϲ̨棬ؼʱ򻹵Ҫ֮⡣Ҷ˵ǰڽĿϣǼȥĻͲˡһٶû
Ҷú߲ڽʡǱȻģԽķͣһͷԣҲûԼᣬҪǾͲˣһԵԼûˮƽһҲԵҶҵعխˡ
ȻȴҲ˷С
ʱʿɶֹǱҪġ
Уŵ֣ҪһϽսճ־õĴ˯Уǲڼġ
ìܿ˽ԼӵĿPKƽ̨ˣⲻʡ
мʱҶƽҲҶ˵绰ϵ¼Էһš
סҶͷӦ
Ҷƽ棬Ҳ˵ίԱˣӻҪġ
ҶֱⷽҲ׳˵ƽΪʲôҪô¶ȻҪ¶ôҶҲؾһ
ʡίĽ׵ҪһЩѾʮ꣬ʡն˽ʮ꣬ξ鼫Ϊḻ
ϸ˵Ľ׺նǵصصĽʿ
Ľ׵ļڳʡնļھǣǵĸӣȴڽʡ١
ֻĽ׺նͬΪʡĴȴһϵģҲкܶ硣
һε¼ԣĽǲͽȥģӽĿĴòվΪնĺ¶򵥡
ϾȫΧĸӰĴ¼ɲĽ̬װ
Ľ׶նһЩԹģնȻ긻ǿʮһʡ֮ԼȽţƣǰ;Ҫ˭Ƚϣ
˼ҶƽʮһίԱίˣ쵼ˣеĲ࣬һռܹȵϵģ
еҰǿԵģҰľƶǰչҪҲÿһԼʵУҶôǵ𣿸Ҫ˵նϣòԣ˼ץסСӣһضģŰĽ׶Ӵˣ˸еǳˡ
ͳ¶ҪоԼе
еΣΪʲôҪȥ˼أ
ն֡
Ľָָɳתնһ衣
Ľǣ顭նҪĽ˵Ͼ¶Ӱ쵽Ľˡ
Ҹͬ־˹ͨ¾Ͱ²ɡĽװ˰ֵ
նˣʱһû뵽Ľֱȥ˺ͬ־˵ᵽˡ
ͬ־ְڼ䣬Ľ״򽻵Ƚ϶࣬ЩĿϵĺҲնʡʡ֮鷳¶ŽģĽ׸ͬ־˽˹ϵҲԣٿ˵ϻ
ллĽǡնе֪˵ʲôˡ
ΪԼΪʡʡһЩĿϿסҶƽĲӣû뵽˼ҸͲֱսǵĿˮܰһʡίĽס
ĽûиӣѾǺܺˡ
һЩӰ졣Ľ׺һڲˮ˹˵
նûҲеˡ
ʮʡڽУȻҲһ⣬Ҷƽ飬ʮһίԱݾˣ֧ص㷢չȷչľģΪͬǳʡнȻٲ˸ϵ
еĹˣʡҲܹӻ棬Ͼ˵еķչ벻ǽе֧֣һܴ
ôһ֣Ƿ˿ö֪ǻò
Ҫѡˣ϶ǵˡĽ˵ԭǺϣλӵģͲˣҲ߲һЩ뷨
նˣҲǸζ
߲뷨ȻǾնأûдֹ£γһֹʶĻ뽫ʡѡһλϳɳصǣٲͷ࣬ųеķչء
Ѿˣ뷢չѾжˣǽʡĿǰҪΪеķչһģǴ֣ݵִĽرʾԣΪʡĽչ룬÷µİҪ¡е˳չռݺܴһַ
նͷҲ
ϧǣ׵еˣˣһͰڳ˴ֵ֧̬ȣǻ쵼Уúܴļӷ
ΣδҲĽ׶ն˵쵼жķԷﶼС¡ԾڴˣʡԼŰɡ
лĽǵ㲦ǳնǳмرʾһ¡
ҲԼƺеˣ͵ʡȫҲûмնһЩҶƽ飬ȷʵ̼Դ嶯֮£˺ܲǵ飬ԼȱǻۣΪ
Ľ׵һ㲦նʵرʾлġ
ĽͨԼһ˺пܻڽֵĵͬʱҲնһЩʾΪһ쵼ؿǱģжδ߶Զ
٣Ͳ̫ĸ˸飬ܱжϣֻڹȥһЩǷǷǣԹԹôԶҲߵλá
νθֺʹֹˡ


183 ·Ƹ
СýɴǣٵϺĹ̡
֪ʶڿ㣬ȴҪ
㶨˹ص飬һҶҲʵЩ̫ˣͽԼϢ졣
һϣȵܣҶһȥ֡
ҶڹʹģΪ˷֮һֻǼܲסܵĳղֻͬˣԴ˱ʾһȤ˾һȥ֡
лмõóֵҵֵģһ·Ҳ˵Ц
ֻҶظǹһЩ˼룬ŮӱʾЩ⡣
˵ĻȻϸЩ̫һЩݵλزʾһ̶ȵĿ飬ôǺ죬Ҫµģ˵ʱӦÿһ£һѻ˵øһЩ
ҶһЦ˹ȥ
ܣҵĻе𣿡Ҷˣתͷѯʵ
ӦýҽŶԡЦ˵
ŶٺϰˡԼĶͷ
ǰЩӣҶи極߶ûõóֵĻԾ嵱ãŮ֮ĹϵǲͬҶҲд㣬һֱ߶ˡ
߶ȻڻǰҵˣվһɳΪΪܹ캽ĸһͻأ߶ķ񽫻˸İ˾ҲǳҪ
ֻҶûдȲ뵽˾ճУ빫˾ҵȣ極ȫ
Ůӹ飬һҪֻĺ̫أʲôʶҪǰȥʡ
ڹ֮˵滹˺üӡ
Ҫȥʱ򣬾ͼǱ߶иƸ̯ӣϸһȻǻϵڸƸ
ܣʲôʱҶˣЩʵ
˾ڶǼ˲ţ۹˲̫ˣǰҷԸ˹һƸû뵽ȻˡҲ¶е̫ˡ
Ҷ°ͣ˵Ǻⷽ⡣
ϵĳĿľΪ˴ĸսԣ֮ǰȻҲôֻҲֻȨ֮ƣô˵ôֻȷʵҪģôصгҲץ
ô˵ۺ͹˲ҲǱģҿ楻ǱȽϳְؾͿʼְⷽĹĻʱӽˣȴûҵǺ܇һ顣
ȻˣǾ͹ȥΧһ¡ûмƸ²رʾ
Ϳ¡ҶҲûзԣ˴ˣЪһҲá
Ƹ˴һӣԵ֣һڸǰӦƸҲ٣˺ܶһģѧϸֱӾ͸ˢˣڶһЩ⣬˸һЩ⣬˾Ƿ񽫸˽ѡΧ
ϿнȽϸߣԾȽϿ̣ǰȻֻܶ࣬󲿷һʼΪѧˢˣ۹̱ҲǼʮ˶ѡ
ЩˢˣΧһ𣬻һεƸĵá
ôҲˢˣһ˿һļЩȵ̾
ҶչȥƳһۣͼλļֱ磬ѧɲƪѧ𡭡ôѧȴʧܣҶеƣڵλѡ˵ı׼ʲô
λˢҵͷɥ˵˼Ҹ˵ˣôѧסңûˣǾ˷һƸ
٣̫Ҳҹ˷׷׸п
λͬѧһӦƸҲˢˡ
ǸƸλŮ۲ʶ̩ɽҵĳͬѧ׷߷߲ƽ˵
˼Ǽʶ㣬ôῴĳֻ˼Ҿĳͬѧҿ˿ͬѧ׵²Ц˵
ͬѧһ㶣ָ£༥㲻ҲһĽ
ͬѧҲŲæػشôһû˼ô˵𣿡
ô˵ģͬѧʵ
ͬѧɤӵ˼˵Сݲ´
ҶˣʱЦ˵ˣƤӵͦ˼ġ
ʱһ˳ȴһλڶʮҵŮӣͦģӸҲһ߷ߵ˵ʲôLSE֪ʲôƸ
LSEҶˣʱȤ
LSE׶ξѧԺ1895꣬1900Ϊ׶شѧ˵һԱ
׶ѧԺţѧŴѧ۹ѧԺ׶شѧѧԺơG5ӢѧҲӢУشѧųԱһѧмᡢκ;ÿѧĶѧУҲǷɡѧʹϵѧѧѧѧߵȷоȫ
LSEУѼʦа16ŵýߣչȨľۣȫΡáᷢչӰ˼롢ϵԴڸУ
Ҷ֪LSEͻȻڹڱ죬ΪıҵǴҵøҪģû뵽ԼһλһŮӣˣ갡
ҶʹһɫʾסŮӣ
΢΢һЦǸŮ˹ȥ
̫ã׵ؾ͸ǸLSEҵŮ̸ˡ
Ҷʼ磬ߵһ߶ʱһӦƸܵ˳ʲôҪʲô顣¡жԵʱҲûй
ҶݸһЦ˵һƸеɹŶ
Ҳ֪ڸƸֻǳ״̬ûзǳľԽǺһЩ飬Ϊ⻷Ĳ죬ҲδؾܹôãԣһлҪʱĻܹḻ
楺ܿ͸ǸŮ̸ˣһ˹
ܣƸһŮӼ楣ɵþȵվ
ȫû뵽楻ͻȻʲôԭأѵǶǵĹЩˣͻȻ飿
û¶Ҹպ·ѣѾͨҿһ¡楰˵
õģܡһϽһݳ楡
楽ת־͸ҶȻһ뿪ˡ
Ҷ˷ͷϣҲû˵ʲôϾƸһĹ򣬶ҲйоصģרҵԿڣȻһĹ飬Ȼǿ⡢ԸԼǷܹӦȵ
֮ܶһйоصƸᡣ
Ϊ̫ʽԵʣһЩ˲ʧۣ֮ҲֻƸŻᱣ֤õԱлʣٲ̫ġ
ԴƸҲҪ׼ҪƸһ˲ţҲиһĿռ䣬Щ˲òУܹ֤ҵӵжε˲Žṹ


184 һЩҪվڳͷ
˲ԴԿһ˲ŵĿ˰취ؾʽҶ˵ͱλLSEҵСãȻҲûй飬LSEǺģӦøӦ֤ᣬ֤Լ
¶ȷʵЩˡ楱ʾڹĺܶƴѧڲǺ˽⣬һרһĴѧ¼Ա㹤ԱϤ
ţܺáҶͷʾͬ
󣬽Żϵĳɳ϶ҪϵƸ˲ѪôƸŵĹֱӹϵϵ˲Ŵǽķչǰ
ҲǵⷽأΪҶѺбҪҲƻרų˳רҵƸţͨѧϰȽ飬ٽԼĹƶһƵƸ÷
ҶΪСõŮһҶ̸ɴ۾Ȼ벻λʲôͷҶӦñԼСһЩɣȻСã極ݣڻĵλӦúܸߣûղƸŵ˺
ȻǸܡôڻϿ϶ܹ˵ˡ
ԼһҲ˹ˣٻ֪LSEĴڵġ
˵¶ҲһЩܣԼ˼ӢУ֮˼˵ʱ򣬾Ȼûм֪Ǻܴˡ
֪ӵĻȥţ߽ҲǺܺõѡ裬֪˶һЩҲʡ˷ԼĿ࣬ȥ˵ԼѧУǶôĻԻͣLSEıҵڹǶôˡ
LSEŮ˼˼Ҷһ÷⣬شͦģҶʵᵱеһЩ⣬ҲԼĿƵ֣ĿȽϼһЩ
ҶеȽ⣬˼˼ûȤ뻪ϵƸţ
𣿡˼˼ʵ
áҶЦŻشĻԿƸеֳһҵ
Ҷ뷨ʵҲܼ򵥣Ҫ˼˼ƶһЩȽĿʷƸ˲ŵУǷ˼άӻԾһϷչռ˲š
Ϊ˼˼ӢıȽϾã˼άϸڵЩͬһſ϶ǲʵģΪȱ©ߴëõ˲ţ϶ܹʤࡣ
˼˼֮ʹչ˵٣ǲǿ˼СˣʲôLSE˵û˵ӢҰѧɣ
ʲôҰѧ˼ǰУҶЦõ˵ܶŵߵУ羭еĺܶݣڸУӰ൱֮£ϵЩѧУҰѧ
ͨ飬ҶҲһ⣬ϢĲȫԼϢͺ󣬹ڶĺܶණʵ￴޷յǵľ裬ܶණҪȥӴ󣬲Żĸ
뵽ڵý󲿷ֶǹٷζռķǹٷý壬ҲڰԺȦ߶ŵȷܹΪ߶˲ṩοֵý壬ʵ֮١
ҶɵþһͷûбҪһԸ߶ʿĲοأ
ͷҲһӶѣϾҪ飬ҪͶľ̫࣬ڵϵδγɣҪ飬ô׵ġ
ǮˮǱ߶¥һֱڿǡ楶Ҷ˵Ƶף¥ֵĲ֣Եֳ軪Ͷʽˡ
ҶڻϵĽϣֱͶԪʽô˵ζ¥е棬׿϶ܹͻԪǷǳһ롣
ֱʱҶⶣ壬úõչ楰ȫбҪĻٵŮԱڹһ¡
ȵ楺壬Ҷͷ߶ѾǻƳˡ
صʱ򣬷ϰҶƽѵõڼϢɳϣͷһʪë滹һȻǸӦӡ
ôֺȾˣҶʵ
Ӵ£ⲻ˵顣ѻȻ˳˳һ̶кõˮǩڵġ
ȻרŵķԱչ˵ģѻϲԶչϹͶӣϰһֱûиı
ǰھǵʱѻһЩѲĹҪڵǺˣѲԱ¿ģô๤ҪȥѲӣôһʱͶˣҲúõչϹͶˡ
Ҷƽһ˼ˮо˺ܶ࣬Ÿıһƣбɳ
ǰ˵飬ѾؿǹˡҶƽҶ˵
ôûУҶЦʵ
ǸʲôأѻЩ˵
ҶƽҶ˵飬Ȼָ⡣
ΪȽУӰҲҶƽҲԼҲ˾߲йһεĹ֮ͨ󣬲ܹ¶ġ
ǺȻҶƽѾԴ·ǳģҲһЩĵˡ
ԭϽȻܹʽ⣬ҲĲ롣ҶƽҶ˵ǰȻôˣʱҽǴ޵Уٽ۵ı֮ʽ𡣵߶ЩͬҲܵģһʵ˴֮󣬲Ҫһصͬʱȴ޷㹻ʽĻͷˡ
أҵôܹأôô뷨Իǰ;ءҶû˵ѻ顣
ûгأ˰ɣҶƽɵЦ
ҶҲһЦѻ˵ⲻأֻһ֮ڵʹȨѣǽظ˽л
سߣͨ޳õģ˵ڽ촬صʱռõؾ֮ͨȨõģǲҪǮȥʹȨġ
ִߵĻҪһصʹȨͱ뾺꣬һĴ۲ܹõ
ʵʣֶͨΣôķչʽ𣬿Էչ裬ԿµӯĿԸǳǳࡣ
ҶƽڻѾҶĽ飬Ϊе˳ֵ˽֮󣬾ͷһǰû߹·Ƿչġ
Ҫɷչͱ㹻ʽ֧֣ʽӺδأݵķʽͨʹȨˡ
ֻҲϾǲģкܶ෴Եϻкܶ෴Եڸ߲֮УͬˣҲܶࡣ
ϾҵԴ˶еģһ֮Уʲôӣ»صİ״̬˶޷ӵġ
ϣעһЩҪվڳͷϵġҶζ˵һ䡣


185 ѧԼİ
С˵ҪôòãҲûˮƽƵġҶһװģҶɵЦ
ӣֱû˵ˣȥӸȥѻҡҡͷɴæԼȥˡ
飬뷽ͬ־ӦͬġҶԸҶƽ˵ܹΪͬ־Ϻ߶һȦھ֮˼ı󾭼ǰչڿʼƶʱ
Ҷƽ˵ͷǳͬӵ
ͬ־һǹڸĸ￪ҵĵ˺ʹƶߣεʱ򣬻Ѿ֮ǳעĸҵķչибȽĸ顣
еǰڷչͬ־ǲģΪڸĸҵֽ̫ˣȫûᵽչõҪԣͶʹȻǺõģǽе⣬в
Ҫ̤طչУǱǱҪеģΨˣܹ㹻ʽոµС
ֻǸ߲Ǳ߶ȻҪ˵Уͬ־Ǳ߶Դ˿϶ǲͬġҶƽҲԼѴ˼ڱһЩ⣬󲻺ÿơ
ڳүӣҶҲеͷؼǳүԼ͵Ҷˣڵ֮ҶҪڸû꣬ƳүӺпܻġ
үһûйϵпܳԺͲҶˣ¶ҶеȽϵǵģϾӴˣͷֶԷʵǼѶ
ı˳ɣԼƺҲܲء
ôƽүӲԣ¶Ҫϸһġ
Ҷתһ룬ʱ⣬ҿϰǶˡ
Ŷ˻Ҷƽʵ
ίԱ˵͹쵼֮еĴеĹίи㣬ʵϾַԼĴǣΪҽзչͺġҶ٩٩̸Ȼˣ㵱ȻܹеһʹȨޣⲻʩһѣα¶ʾ㱨ȫûǸҪҲݣ
Ҷ˼ҲίԱ˵طϣǿǾԵղ󳼣նȨƿһУܣôô飬ŻʣĻôܹȲֵطأ
ǿǶԵط쵼ĲΣҶƽίԱǲ¶ʵġ
֮ܶҪһһпٷչھһѣ˵ϰôڣǶϸ֦ĩڣֵÿǵ顣ҶҶƽԣҾϰȫԷȥɡ
Ҷķ֮ҶƽĿ¶ؿŶӣ˺ðӣúܵλû뵽ϾȻô֣ȻԸϰ߲ˣ˵òȻλϣͲ³еˣ
ȨĶΣжȨҪеΡ
ҶƽҲͨˣֻҪԼ׼˵飬ȥǣֻҪеľôչˣϰյˣֽ趼ˣôԼǳɹģ˵ֶ⣬ǿͨڵġ
Ϊ˼СӰ죬ҴһԵ㣬ڽͿʼ⹤ҶԶ˵Լʵ뷨
ҲãίһЩҲڼоѹáҶͷʾȵԵ㹤ȡóЧ֮ܽᾭ飬ƹ㣬˳֮ƹ㵽ȫзΧ˵ֽʼС
뷨ҲࡣҶƽЦοؿ˿ӡ
Ҷ֪Щʲô
ʲôأӣҶƽЩʵ
룬һ⹤ʼĻӵģǲҲӦ֧ϰĹһأҶشֽȻһЩҪչҲܿ죬пǹǱ߶輸رԽҲǶ㹤֧ˡ
룬ҲᷴԡҶƽЦ˵һһͬʣʽҲҪʵʵóܸ˴ͷ
ȻģҲԼ氡ҶһЦҾͶڽ֧ϰһ¡
ôడҶƽˣʵЩȡ
Ŷ˵ԪҶ
Ҷƽһ£òŵŶ˵㲻װƲ𣿡
ҶƽڶӣҲе͸ˣֻǿҶܹ𻪶¥Ͷ˺ܶǮٵ֧ڹڸʮܸأٵȻҪ߶ͶԪֱԽԽˡ
ݺ֮䣬ʾȴҶһȵƿͶĿ⡣
ҶƽеСԼǰװƣھͺţԪͺţţƣҲӵĶӣ
Ҷƽǽһ䣬ڻڣ
ͶڣȻ׷ӵ£ܹԵͶ˶еķչҶش
ҶƽˣʱһЦ˵ԼӾǻ¶飬ҲѲûпʼչеĴսأѾʼ׼δѣˡ
˵˵ƻʲôҶƽĵʵ
ڵҶȻѾ÷ʽ⣬ôҪǵģͶʷ⣬ҶƽҲ֪ԪʽͶȥõЩʲô
ֳƵ꣬ٸһЩ׵ĹʩľͼɣҲһЩزĿƷ¥̺;Ʒ֮ġҶ˼ػش
ҶƽˣȴЩȻ˵ŶûзչʵҵĿ
ǺǡҶˣʱЦ
ЦʲôҶƽ˶һ۵
оôһط˵Ǵ𣬽ҪǷչĻȻܲԴͶ֣ʵҵĻҪϾͻܶࡣҶ߶ҪʺϸһЩĸ߸ֵĲҵ˵ҵͶҵ߿Ƽҵʱûи߿Ƽҵѡ⣬ֻȷһˣԺҪ˺ʵѡ⣬϶ҲͶһġ
Ҷƽ֮󣬵˵ͷԶӵĻʾͬ
һҵ˵еĹ˹ˮƽ϶ҪܱߵһЩģһǾҵĻһļ۸࣬ᵼгݶѸټ٣Ҷ˵û߶ֻʺϸһЩֵȽϸߵĲҵ
ﻮһӣҶƽ;ǰһƬеδǴпΪġ
ֻҲһ飬Ȼ˵ܣԼҪѧİ壬ôҪҲһ˵ģһ°
׻ᱻסѱ˵ҶƽкҸ㣬ûˡ
ͷҪ£ȷʵǱȽѵģԷͬ־ӰҪ飬еʱȻҪػ㣬οҶƽһսֵСֱ


186 ܲ
ҶƽֹһʼͱȽϵ͵һЩί߶϶ûжǱȽټһ
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вĳһλմ鸾ִڳͻб鸾˾Ѫйٳ
̾ͱϱίҶƽгԶɽյϸĲϣҾʹڳίۡ
ίίʮˣֱΪίԱίҶƽίǡгԶɽί갽ίίίίίίǵȪѣίίͳսίίгïίίгԶ⣬ίίڣίί֯Ȩίίί鳤أίίгֹأίίоίίٽ
һ֮мίǷԶմ飬ѧѵ飬Ӱܻ鸾ĺӶˣһ˽֤˻ڡ鷢Уֱһֳ衣
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ҶǵܺãȫͬԶɽҶƽ飬ҲеԾֻȻֱӾͷҶƽĽ飬Ϊıûκε⣬ץɲ齨裬ίǵרȨ
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ʱЩɲǣ֮ǰйģعֵõ˽϶λᣬڸѧͺ⾭йٳϱȽϻԾǰ顣
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ʵʮǰڷչеѾˣеͷ淢£⡣
ʱУҵֵܲռȫ˷֮һǿȫһֵܲռȫķ֮һǿбвƷռ60%֮࣬ȫһλռȫ֮һϽɹ˰ռ֧֮һϽ֮࣬ȫһλ
еĳ˿ܶ˾·١ȱߡ
ʱƪǿҷ죬¶Ը顢ĺԽԽߡΪѰµķչ򣬴ʮǰʼʹӶֶ£ԽɽʯΪĵϲϣ塢ͱɽһͬķչо
ҵ˼·ʼе˶棬ֶΪʶ
ҵȷ齨ʡֶȫ򿪷šҶƽһֵίǺΪʡίίί
Ҷˣеĵ˵ƻĿԱȽСϾطǲ˵أԺܹչҲԺˣ϶ֱͬʡġ
һ¶᲻һ¶ҶƽЦ
ҶһĥʱҲЦˣϾһͷҵĻԲֶܹ֪пΪʡôĸɲǣ϶Ǻġ


190 ĸٳ
Ҷƽ⽫½ֶ滮ΪʡǼڵޣĿ϶ܹһλ
ҲǽֶΪҲǶʱ֮ھܹɵģҶƽôίԱԳ׵ʱ򣬲ܹ㶨顣
Ȼˣ飬ܵþԺܹЧ
ʱڵĿ٣ûе˺ֿĵĵزⷽҲǱȽصģûʵԵһЩ֧ţڸԺճĺͬ־ҲܴӦ
Ҷ뵽һֿԣȻȥʡתһȦһ˪Ȼһ̸̸顣
ʡʡݣкܽǶٹӡ
ȥ꣬ʡݵеĸٹ·Ÿո޺ã·ϵٶȣҶĳֱȽϺãһζ·̣ҲһСʱӣȥбصһЩƫƧҪߡ
ųӣڸš
Ҷǿںϣ顣
̫ˣҶһĲãҲ˺ܶϸ
ԣҵ߶ķչƿ֮еģΨһҪƽϵģֶĵѡ⡣
ΪҶƽһе踺ˣֶίǺӦöŵù˲š
ҲҶƽһ죬ҲܰίǺλͬʱУ漰һƽ⡣
ίǣҶƽѾѡҶеһ壬츱鳤ᰂǾ˳ǿΪҶҵȫսԣһֱϵ̲ʱҲǶһЯ
˳ֶ֮ͿΪʡֵ׳ᰂҲܹ˳µؽʡɲͬʱпܹίίͷζ
еĳίڹʮˣֶίռһĻƳίгҪȥһˣ齫е̸Ϊʱ硣
ҶƽҲڿǣǻûҵʵѡ֮ܶͷϲܴġҶֲУµķ
ʵҶƽǿӲƶĻҲûʲô⣬Ͼ̫ߣѹס˰гԶɽڵһڳίǣѹ飬һ٣öˣǵŭԹеĹͲˡ
Ҷ뵽˪ĸͣһܲѡ
ͣҲʮͷԭˮĳ˾θְνʡ֮ʱʡίεûʵһʵʵְ񣬲ȴѾʵˣҲǳְһջ
ϸ˵ӦѧԺɵģѵõģ漮еģ֮ǰҲͣܳһζʱ䣬ѵõģ͵ľ÷רҵְоոõѧλǺܲרҵ˲ţܹʡ
ʵҲһЩ߼ɲǵձ龭
Ϊڰʮ仯࣬Ƿծʵ̫࣬Ͻ벻ģסͶܣֻܸߣڰʱͬпծ콨衣
ԴпʼСеȸ̸нǮŰʹɰ¶뷨ĹضԽӣôһͲòһ֧Ϥʷĸɲ顣
ھǣܹĹ÷оѧλ߶ķӰ죬кܴĹϵ
Ҿ͵ǵԣֿγҲЩϷһǿѧһһΣʦ÷רҵҪһ飬ٻ˵ڵطɣҹΣȻгѵĿ
ʦܽᣬרҵʦڵĿγ̵Ϊֹѧ
⣬ʦһҲίеؿоѧȤĿԲμӣʵΪѧоҵĿ
ЩˣȿСطɣȻҵоȻɳ壬صҵɸͳ̨˵ط
˾ʮҪǽʽӹķɽϸ
ѧϰĿγ̣ҲķҪкͻ򽻵ҪһĹ۽磬ⷽҶ͵齨ֶǱȽϺʵġ
Ҷ˷еϣԼƶλĻ᲻ΪŮԼ
˪ҶȷһĪϲ˪ȥⷽ濴ñȽϵһЩҶԲûкøеģֻСƤȽ֡
Ҷ˪չŮϵȴ޷޳ʱҵڷıͣƻܻظɣ
Ҷں˼ţ;óӵٶȺһЩ仯ɵ̧ͷ
٣˸ˡ˵
ڸʻλϣһλıڽףȻľϵͳгģȴǰսӢսɱľֱɱҲ˿ʱҲһؿźӾеľ
ʱѾ˸٣һ·ʱҲ࣬ںԼٶ״ɫĸƽγһֱԶԶ׺ǡ
˦ǡҶüͷ˵
Ӧһ̾ͼţ˾޴ĺǰ˳ȥֱӳ˹·ɱһӿݵС·
ɫĸؽγȻҲʱı·ߣҪҶǣǱϾγԽҰȽӦ·ûжþͿʼˡ
һҶҲͿȷԷȷǳġ
֪ʲô·ôǣҶ˵
ڸʻλϵķ˵ƺƺڽʡϵͳģ¶˵
ҶˣʱЩü
ҶұȽֵǾⲿžǾϵͳȵطԲ֮䣬򽻵Ǻܶ࣬ϵͳҲǱȽ϶ģھ÷һЩȻҲвҰȫһЩ˺½д
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ȻˣҶԴҲôģǵ˽ʡĵͷԼݣǽʡʡնҶûһøУȴҲҷԼĵ̶ϳ¶
Ļĺ̨Ҳסʡλá
ҶүӺͶүӵ֮ŭټҶƽʳ¯ίԱǿɶǳصġ
ͷ׵棬Ҳ뷨ֻҪǻϵڵĲţܶǹκʵԵвЩڵģпܲƺظǷҳͻΪŵĲ´Ь
Ǿû¶ˣѳص·ʱһӳصؿͻȻǰĹ䴦˳ǵĺײ˹
ܳ˴ʧɫͬʱ˳
ļͷӦǼģżӵ󣬷˦˳ȥǷһڱؿײϵǰһ̣˹·һͷײ·Ա߶Ĵ


191 Ȼڱˣ
Ҷ˾δͼѾײ·߶һô
һ߶ֵĴȻشֵĺײϣ˿Ȼء
أٶȴûܵӰ죬ֻҶһѪ
٣ˣһת̣ƵԱ߶ĿյϣӺӾȴҶΣɵþʵ
û¶ֻҧͷҶЩ첻ػش
ղںڿնʱҶһСſ죬׹˲ҧͷȻȥеˣʵϲ޴󰭡
ҲǺʵģһĳӣֱײ˴棬Ҫɢˡ
ֻӳصؿʱȻһֵ̣˻
ҶˣںĹҳУװɰʯ塢ʮ֮ࡣ
һδͣص˻Ҷ˼ƻ½ӿص·ϵʱ򣬿ĹҳͻȻ˳壬ɰʯײ
ʲôͷˣʹ̣š
ֻǺƺʲôסˣӷתǲŲѶ
ۿװһɰʯĹҳų˹Щɰʯк£ͬʯһ㣬ϯ
ءķţɰʯ˲䣬ǿĳڴԭذѣǰ˳ȥ
ֻзƣһѪ˳ʵ
Ҷɤ۶Ҳе֪ڸ˵ıֻ֣ǲ֪ǷȽء
ڸʻλϵķףȴһץųϵһִκһץһ֧΢ҲζϻѾװˡ
ĳҲ֮Ӵһתͳ˹·ֱӳ嵽˿һࡣ
ͻͻͻ׵־΢壬һӵ˿ļʻҡ
ͿĳŻǱȽϽʵģܱ״УȴҲû̾͸͸ɼ΢ӵҪһЩ
ԷȴҲʾһźںĶʹӼʻ˳
ףۼ⣬һ۾ͿǶ
æһɲ˳ȥȻ󺰵ͷ
Ҷͷײ˵̾ſȥ
顭һ죬ױըˣ޴˳ȻûкĳȴĲóϸ΢ơ
ţƣ״Ҳɵһ䡣
ҿǽ쿪ǺǻһĽγͽܲסôڣû׼ͱ˼Ҹˡ
Ϸ룬ݵġҲˡ
һȺɱ֣ǲǻģʱҲ˲˶٣׷Ը
ã˾һ񣬷˺棬ʹһֻ֮ɿؽװǹ֧֮ǰȻһǹ񵯣
ҿǰҵרɾˣҶҲһ
Ȼ˵һαϳ¼Ҿɱ֮Ҷİȫ𣬿ҶҲûԼıھȻӵôǿĻǹ񵯶ˣ
׿۶˰ǹ˳ȥؿ䲿λ
޴ıըѳٽȼ͵ıը˼ʮ׸ߵĢơ
ؿĳͷǱ˺ѣСӵһ㣬䡣
һֱӴҵ˺ķ棬ҳһ
Ҹҿ϶⳵õľǸְ壡׼״ͷ
Ҳҿ϶˵
õƤĻ⳵ɢˣսĺȻƵǻ͵ﱤ
ʵϣҶԭרŪ͸ļǿ棬ܶõģʹõķְƽʱһĳǱ䵽δػɢܡ
ըʹڸһУȼյĳַ˼αըЯѳˡ
Ʋ鲻ʲôˣǻվ˵һܻеͿֱӾ˽ۡ
Ҷ˵ͷȴЩǣʲôأ
ϳ¼ҡϷңǽеʡնԼԩҶͷϳ¼ҸԼƺӶҶ̫ˣлĻǿ϶ϣҶ̵ġ
Ǵӽֲ⼸֮ǰƹĳ֣ҶеЩĪ⾿ô¶
Ҷ룬ǸүӴͨ˵绰˵˴˼顣
飿Ǳ߶ôˣүˣʱ
ðɣɫز֪ȥǾò̤ʵҶֱڽʡеĳһЩв
ˣ֪ˣǵʱ磬װֱȥүӹϵؾ
ҶҶӽǶϾ˾ԱùһطоҲͳϽ֮£ɳҲʮӵ飬ͿԴﵽϾսֱܶģ߶ҲԶ
ʮӣҶ˵
˶Ӧò⣬ǵĻװټϺԽҰĳǿֻҪǶԷùһҺ䣬ӦöܹӦһӵġ
ֻϣЩֹˡ
ȥףͷͨǰĵ·ѾɫͬͺŸسסˡ
֮ܳ󣬾ȽϳȵҲɵ˴ֿڡ
Էסǵȥ·һ׼ڻ֧Ԯ
ڻ֧Ԯ
ˣ60Ȼһſһ˲ڣһװ
һڵͷգһ̶ִһߣȻҶǵλ
PP89ʽ60׵Ȼڡ׵ɫѿ
㶮ࡣҶ˵
Ͳ˵ˣͷһϵһ󵹳
ҶȻȻڵⶫôҲڡ
ɫҲһЩףԷȻֶõóѵ˵Ǿ˲ɣ
Ȼ˵Ҷھеǳռҵ߳ɵɢκһطǲСİ
ȻǴľ˳ͬ൱ȻܹóԷвʲôطĲٿ֮£һ۵·ɿصȥ
öڵȺԼң̵޴˳𶯵ҡļǿԤȱܿ˶Էĵŵ㣬˽ͳ׽ˡ
ˣöڵĵŵҲ뺷ңƬȻûлƺĳװףȴǽһĲ׻ˣ鲣СƬ˳棬ŪóһƬǽ壬˵ҲϸСĲˡ
ܿ˶Էһڻǵÿյת˳ͷȫٿ˻ȥ
ܳаŶˣȻڱˣ׻ͷһµԪ֣µ˵


192 ֱս
ʲôڱҶЩŵʵ
ʵЩ֮⣬ڶֺ͵ڻ˲Ϣֽˣε׶һը̥
ڶԷƺû׼ĵҩڻ֮ͣ
̫̼ˣ⳵񫣡Ĩһ亹µ˵
ܿ˵ڶֵڻԷҲԽԽԶˣ̫ĻԷҪըԼĿԣѾСˡ
ΪȻ൱̶˽ľϵĸ֣׶ȻڶбȽ̵˽⣬ͨڵڿеĺХ֪Ӧʲôλùܡ
Ӳַ⼸˶ѵصڱʱġǶҶ͵ȻȻṹ򵥣Я㣬ҪúҲܹյģ⼸˵ַ죬׼ȷȺܸߣ˾ֶ
ݷжϣǵPP89ʽ60׵Ȼڣⶫ1983Ƶһ60Ȼڣ1986궨1987װμϽսĲӣսŽ湦
˺ڹ㷺ȡʹòĻϣ˶£նΪ89ʽ60Ȼڡ
װȻڡھ60ףأ5.252700ףأ1.33٣30/֣䵯ܼȣ1/1001/200
89ʽ60ȻڣᡢܼȺáȶԸߡʹ÷㣬ĿǰڵֲԻֶӶװ˵ԷļƣǾڵֶǵطˡ
Ҷ̰µͨ绰үӷ˻ȥ
֪ˣװֱӦϾ͵ˣȨֱӶĿйүɱڵ˵
үһǱȽϿƵģǽ¶ȻںҶˣȻ޷ˣүҪ쭣װֱʲôûаѹҿնԵصսֻΪеʵʰˡ
ҶӵܱΧɱһ嶼ŭģǶսֻҲӲ˵
οҶҵĸӣھ档
үӸ˵ӡûбģֱֱȥԱ飬ҲֻűˣȻܹô
Ҷֻһֱţϵظүӱ磬ͬʱҲΪٸװֱṩꡣ
ʮ֮װֱڸϵֳϿգ̷Χڹ·˵һɫؽγ
ԾίȨǣԲװӽȫүӶװֱ´ս
ȫĺǱȽϹ㷺ģ˼˵ʹһйֶΡ
װֱû˵Ϳʼ¸壬ʼӽЩɫĸؽγ
Ȼû뵽װֱЩʱͷϵװֱѾˣ
ֱ9װֱǲ÷װģͷ·װһ23׿ھʽڣʵÿӳһʮڲ滹ˡ-8̹˵
ϵûзĽγȻҪõ̹˵ֻ23׿ھʽĻ࣬㹻Է˺ɷ顣
ֱ9װֱͬʱչ˶ԵĿĴҶγ˲ͱ򱬣ŵϻûʰȻڵǣҲѪ֮С
ƺһ䣬ѸٵžǱըŨŨḷ́ʼֳ
Ҷǵĳӻ֮⣬Ҳܹܵĳ档
˵һֱִǰȥ֮ǰҶ˵ɫؽγпѹƣܿʧȥ˶ϵ˴ӣϧҲûеóѡ
ҶǸϹȥʱ򣬶Էֻʣ˻ţҲأ˻״̬
ͷ׼򵥵ضԳڽһЩܶԱ϶Էṩȡ˳ֻǶԷƺҲȽСģֻ⽭ʡеĳƣҲֻαװѡ
Ҷүӽ磬ȻԸװֱ䣬ڸ˻ȥȡ
ҵҪһʲôڱ󵷹үȻǴΪŭ
һΣȻ˶ΧɱҶ϶оģүȻưոݣھȻ˸ҶҶҵӵ֣ܶ϶޷̵ģүӾĲԷϵ׶һ
װֱϵȻμԷûʲô飬׶Ǵ˵֣һ飬ƺҲһֻǻҪȥܲмܹȷ϶Էʵݡ
ǻȥʡˣǱ߶Ѿӵҵᵣ𱣻ǵ񣬴±ϸܣβһȥүҶԸ˼䣬ŶϵͨѶ
Ҷ˶үӵĻʱҲûбѡ
ֻп˪ѣ˳£Ƿ͵Ŀԣȴû뵽ᷢ飬˺š
ǲô˵ԷҶıûеóѣҶҲһڰеĵжĴڣܹóǵĸףҶҶԣҲǷǳõģϾڰĵ˲鷳ģ˵¶֮вСˡ
ҶڵֻҪҵ˶Էİѱ׾١
⳵Ĺȥ𣿡Ҷһ
Ҷ֮Ҫոշ֣棬˵˺ۣǳ࣬Ҫݽȥˣȥ͸ձʯײһ㣬ϾȻڵʵǿɹۡ
Ӧͦס˾͹Ǻˡ˵
ղ˶˲̶ͬȵˣСȱ˺һӣʱеѪӣʱûΣգ׸Ͻм׵İ
ǱƬ˵ģǱʲôҵˡ˵
еʧѪˣû˵ǣȥŪһ£Ӧⲻ󡣡Ū֮˵
ҶҲϸ˿ƣʷ׵ⶼܴŷ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿գʣ̫ҲʺϷС
ٿϵȻ˵ûܵˣ˭Ҳܱ֤⳵û⣬ûȫ޹֮ǰǲҪΪã˲ҵȥƻΧ۵ġ
úڹڱǶһݶģټ˺۵ǣĿйҶɲϣԼΧۣǾõĴ㡣
ǾֱȥɣٱȽʡʱһЩҲᰲȫܶࡣҶ˾
Ҳáͷ׶ͷͬˡ
ʵϣ֮󣬴Ҷǰ·еǣҪ֪ǰм֮󣬻ҪһƬɽ˭Ҳܱ֤ûжԷĺš
ԳֱȥѵѡٶԷõضԿյĻûа취ġ
Ҳװֱһͬʡ


193 ϵеıɱ
ʡʮӵĿճ̶ѣװֱʡͣƺ֮󣬵ѵȺҽԱһϡ
һ˽ڸŪȥӵĲӣҵεĹҵΣæ˸ɿҶҲҽм顣
˾ѳɱʡ濪ᣬõϢ֮̾͸˻һָʾϸ£ڸŪҽԺȣһ沼˾ֹκ˸ڽнӴ
ʡҽԺҲǱȽĴ;ҽԺʩϳˣʡ쵼ҲϲΪ߶ֻԾߣ⿪ţԻԽ٣סҲ徲һЩ
ҶȻû̫ܵصƣҽԺ߶˸ˣҲǲͰ˷ǳϸµļ飬ҽҽֶζˡ
Ͼ¶ʡѳٽ԰ҽԺ˿
ԺҲһ£ȡҽĻ㱨֪ûʲô󰭣ŷǲҪżסԺ۲죬ûʲô⣬㡣
ʱ䵱˵еĻ˽ɫĹǾһұ˾ĸܾҲֵõġ
Ͼܹھǿ˾һгǹյ䱳Բ򵥡
ԺҲܹµóķˣӦöǳھϵֻǵһͲö֪ˣЩҲĵ飬ֻҪ֤˵ȫû⣬Ϳʡѳ˾ˡ
Ҷɵ˲֮ȴһЩ̲סͳ˯˹ȥ
·ϵľȻһСʱȴȻںװֱˣ֮գ˵һֲսҲΪҶȻûбŵӣէֳ棬ҲǸ߶Ƚţʱ̤ʵұܾͿʼˣȻؾ˯ߵС
˯εУҶƺָܵеһůһ·ѭܶʼů˶ԼҲԽԽᣬƺһֿĸо
ҶҴڸнʧˣҲоǷС
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ۾ͻȻƺ˿дһžȴִʱɫѾȫˡ
ȫƣʱһɨգָֻѵ״̬
ҶҪ´ʱȴϻһЩص̽ͷ֮ĶȻ޷ŤͷԱ߶ļĻһѪѹȵȲʾˡ
ͷǣͼԼϣûд·ֻһʱѾɳʵļ¶ţΪģԭϵЩ΢ˣȻҲҩʧˡ
ҵ˯˶ãҶֱֹ
˰̣˵Ҳһңܹʧɣ
οеĵط˲ᣬҲδؾܹȫˣǿ϶һЩ̺ۡ
ǵ۵࣬һаҵ˿ڣʱҽȻûзϣȴҲһ־רõǿҽճϼճˣǴʱȥȻûпκεĺۼȻЩͷġ
׷ʲô飿ҶֱģŤͷ˿Ա߶ľӣԼһжûʬʲô飬ŷ
ĥʱ򣬲űƿˣŮҽ˽
ˡҶ˶еЩ⡣
ոѹ˯˶ãҶ˱棬תʵ
ȫڿ㶼ûдȻ˼¶档
Ҳû˯ãһѡһŮҽЦ˵׳Ҫ㣬ȸһ£Ƿʺϼ͡
ҶǰŪţƺŮҽҶܸȤŪʮ֮ãһȷҶõúܡ
ǶŪôãҶͷԼµıһ߸ߵ
СܵͦáһŮҽЦ˵
Ҷǣҽ۾ûԱ֣֮ҪǸ棬ֻԼԿ³
ܿлʿ·ȴǿɵĲŷҶЩܲӦ
·֮󲻾ãд˽Ųʮ˵ӡ
Ŵ֮󣬾ͼһλװĽ˽ԼʮͣͷһŽ⣬൱ҫۣΪλǽʡ˾ѳٽ
ģʡҽԺԺˣǵľζԴУУӶ࣬Уȶģ᲻̨
Ҷã񲻴Ӧûʲô˰ɣѳЦҶ֣Цʵ
л˾ģã鷳ˡҶʾ˸л
ϸ˵ѳٽҶһϵҲǶͷһϵֻû̫ϵСŷӵܡ
ЩӵеҲкܴı仯ѧԺɵϮҲ൱أڴͳľ˵һصвԼΪľŷʽ΢ѳľСŷӵܵķչǰ;Ҳǿǡ
һǴٳѳЩСŷӵǣҶĴŽ£ľģҲһջ
ΪˣԵ֪ҶҵڽʡϮ֮ѳٽͷǳӣѲԱͬʱҲҶ˰õҽƷ
ıʾҶҶԣǷǳƵźš
ҶѳɽһĵģԱ̫࣬˵㣬ҶҲ֪ԼķȻǲģ˵УѧҶҵûôҪļλҲˡ
ѳɵûڲ̫ͣãߺһСʱӾǸϹˡ
ôˣҶеЩ⣬ѾǾϵͳܸˣ²ܹӾǸϵ˵Ϯ֮µӳ̶ȣѾǰδеļ
һε̫ΣǣȽҪǹѹӵġ嵹ҲֱӾ˵Լԭ
Ǿﶯ֣ĿĺڣҶЩʵ
ڻ˵һϮ˵УֻһصرʾЭϯֶӣմӴѧҵ׼뽭ʡְʿɽʱ򣬱ҵʬҲ̶ãλίԱֱϵӵܣҲ˽ɱһˣ˵Ǹǳײзˡ
ҶˣʱеľһıѾõԵıɱ
ʲô˻ôҶеЩ˼顣
ƺӡУδֹ飬Ȼ˵ַƱ仯ӿģ˥ģû𣬺ٻֶԴӵܶôɱС
Ȼһε飬ԷΪѾԽ̵ܹĵˡ
ϳ¼ҺϷǱ߶ʵ𣿡Ҷ°ͣѯʵ
ġǳɴػش
ǻʲôأҶҲʼĥ
ʱûκεش
ǻץҶʾ
Ѿˡ˵
Ҷˣŵϴжʱŭ


194 
ѹҶΪץڣ˲
ʱγȻװֱĻڣӿиһ飬ǽγδըеڣҲû˼Ҫ
˱뽭ʡҽԺ֮ȶģûгֲΣƣڵطҽԺҲܹȶģôڼҽʩϺõʡҽԺȴأ
ʣһģ岻ӾǸϹ
ΪϵͳܸˣݵλǼҪģнͳ񣬱ķҪһнҪöࡣ
ܲξ鲿ְҲǳ֮ϵģǵκһֱԸλϽʱҲʲôѹ
ϸ˵鲿һȨֱͳھί׳ģκ˸
ʡ˾Ҫ߶飬ҲǶԽʡĲΡ
ʱ򣬽ʡһ˵ȣҲ޹⡣
Ͼ̫ˡ
¶ӦúܺòҶͣһº˵ʱԺѳٽѾϣӴǵ޵ģ޷ǾָҽԱԱôûκεأ
ҡҡͷⲻǱ¶¶֮ҲҵˣһʿֻҲˣڽͨ⡣
˵ǿ󰡡Ҷ⻰侲ˡ
ģġ˵
Ҷͷȴǲ̫ϣ
ԣһζԷжȻͬʱֳίίԱչĿľҪ׼ǼӰˣ˵Ϊ˽Ȼ˵ȥġ
ҴǳֵõĲгϵװϵְҵɱַ֣뵽Էʵǳǿ
һε飬пǻĿĵһξܼƻ
ϧǣҶץĻڣҲ˸ˡ
ܹ˵һ⣬ǾǶԷھڲҲзǳǿӰ޷Ŀġ
һε飬ǲ鲻ʲôˡҶĥһӣȻ˵
ҪǾ鲿˵
Ҷͷھ鲿İǱȽεġ
ʵڵܲξ鲿ŵĹܣҲνܲζ
ܲζ粿ӵ鱨ϵͳܲζҪѼ鱨һǲԸΪڻѼ鱨񣬶ǴĹϷ鱨פʹɳ١
Ϊս鱨ѼľʹڸòʹʹֽİٶԱλúڵʹѼҪԣֱϸΪС顣
ҪҲԾһС飬Ϊء
һСڷޣЩСĻĶأ׽Ҳܸ˲Ż
ʹҪѼйսģѧ˵ú߷鱨ܶϢܴӹõмһ˵ȡܷʽܻá
ʹ縺Ѽ鱨ΣԣӦڲѵĿѵⷽ漼ܣѵĿɺ
ʵλڽʡʡе⽻ѧԺǶѵɺרҵѧУ
鱨ֱضĿε鱨Ĵ˽Ͷŷξߣѹصڵ޹ϡ崦ҷߴ³ĿƼҪоƺͿ¼
͹פʹݵٶܲζǲ⽻ǲǾְģߵפ٣ٽҵЩЩǸפҵ٣ʦҲǴУ
ܲҪǽͨڸ߾غվе鱨Ľչ
岻ƿܲζͬʱҲƿܲĹ鱨ҪȸճʮĹҰȫǿ̫ˡ
ľ鲿ڸ鱨ƣҲһӰ
Ҫ֪Ӻʱڣܲξ鲿ĳξѾγˣôͳ񣬵ȻĩѧĹҰȫܹġ
ôǿʵҶô᲻ţ
ֻǣҶҲԼ뷨ȨĳЩʱʵǿסġ
Ϊǵֻй棬ǱںģһЩҪʱҲ⡣
ͱһε飬ҶоһЩɻΪԼ֪ȨӦǱһˡ
Ҫ˼룬岻㱻۸ƺҶ뷨˹ض˵
⻰˵ģҶ°ͣǲ֪λشˡ
һȺϺһ򽻵ȷʵȽ˷ϸֵ̫ˣᱻǿᣬ̫ˣֺױΪǽΪѰ
ı֤ҶҲ˵ʲôˣֻǵͷ
㰲߶סɣһҪڽʡһңһЩ顣Ҷ˵߳ʱֻͷʵˣôûиߣ
ŮӣʱǱ߶Ҷش
㲻ϲ巴ʵ
ûаҶЩֵؿһۣôƯһŮӣҴһ𣬺ײǹ߻ɣĻ߶еý
ùҡ˰֣߳ȥˡ
Ҷеͷ֪ղŸ˵Ļʲô˼
ù˼˵Լ֣Ҳûʲô˼ˣ
˵彫ŵԼ߶͵ǸԼһһרܵСţ
¶ֵģҶԴҲеӦˡ
ҶһǺģҪƵ岻ѣ࣬һǰᣬͬУϾֵ˵ҪҶ̫ˡ
ҶãԼҪ͵һ£ƶᱻȻӦˤȥô뺷椶治һܹµġ
ȻˣĺôҲǺܶģ˵Ҳס
ԣҲ֧ҶƵġ
ҶĵģһεĴɱ¼˰
ҶҲڻɣıһжģпǼֲɵģ˵ĿĺڣҶ벻
ڽʡҽԺܽ䱸£Ȼܹ˸ɱôԼסǲҲкܴΣأ
Ҷ뵽ʱЩסˡ
ǲٹˣҽԺʳҲʺϳˣӶ˵ĻȥԿԣȥͷС̯ҲУԼҲȳʳﰲİ
ŲŷӴԼϵĹʲôĶժ׼ȥתת
ֻһ뿪ͼǽϵĺƣȻҵ
εΡεΡеķҲͣ
ôˣҶ״ʱסˡ


195 Ҷƽ
ŷһȺŰ״ӵҽʿǳ˹
ʲô飿
ô˵ʧˣ
ʲô
Һ˹ŷҶԼϵĹǶˣ̽ͷҲȡȻЩû˲
ǲԵģʱ仹ûеܣһʲô飬ôѳɽŶԲ˸̬ȣҲ۲ʮ˸СʱԺϢҲ˹رʾ
ʵʡ̬ϣԺѾԸܵҶ˵ݣԷͬһ㣬ߵҲǳģȻûʲô˼ǾԲǳ⣬Խ
ûʲô¶ˡҶЩͷû뵽Լ˽´Ȼô鷳¶
ҲСԺ̷ʲôҪԸǵҽԱ
ûʲô¶ֻȥ͸͸ѡҶǸеЩͷˡ
ҽԺˣҲȷʵԽģԺ⽻ŮҶܡ
Ҷ˸绰ȥǱԹһӡ
ʵʵشɡЦ˵ȫҵˣԷʲôҲҵڸ㲻õĻ⡣
ôһ˵ҶǷ
ڶһ磬ʡҽԺһλ
ϰôˣҶڲмҶƽʱԼҲЩȻ
ҶƽϾίԱίǣǷǳҪģҪǿԼĶӣҲҪйطһ֪ǰаŲС
Ҷ׵ĳ֣Ǻܸжһ
Ҳû취飬ϾڹŲɣǵҶƽֲ֮˶ǹҵˣû˸˿ռ䡣
ҶӣҪ𣿡Ҷƽ˵
ǵĲҪҶ
û֪żʵԼҲģҪԹСҶƽ˿ӣ˵
ȷҶûʲô󰭣˰̶û֮ҶƽǷ
һεЩӣ߲֮п˵ըˡҶƽ̸һε顣
ϮĲҶһˣЭϯֶӣλίԱֶҲܵϮһˡ
飬ǽҲûġ
߲ŭһҪ飬鲿棬Ҳˡ
¶вҰȫˡҶ˵
߲ȫţһıѾõ쵼ŮĿֲж˽Ұȫĳ̶ȣҲ
Ҫ˵ȥ¾ͲôˣֻǴӶԷĲ֡Լºɱ϶һ֯ܶҸж֯Ҫһ֯ҪĲʱ䣬Ҫ
Ȼˣ鱻ӵģܺߵݡ
˵Ҷڣ⼸λǹǡ
ˣôø߲ŭСΧ˱ɱһҪ׷µĻ֣ǵĻ϶ͲЧˡ
ʵһ㣬ҶҲܹġ
һֱⷽ⣬ǾȨá
ĳ𸻡ĸԴȨãҶļ䵱УʮУĵɥǮװƣûǮɣ֪ĸĸǼ٣ĸֵͬ顣
ĳԵõһȫǼٵġ
ͬʱܶ˺̰٣ƴԱ¢ϣԴнλꣻܶ˼֮磬Լȴƴҹϵ
֮ŭΪ᲻ƽǾԼڲƽеĲλãܶ˲ֲƽԼڲƽеλá
ֹ˽Ӧ÷˼⡣
ȨãҲһҰޣһΨͼݽᣬǮ׼֮£ʲôǲģǮϵὫ˶Ұޣ档
㲻ۼ٣ᱻۼٵ˻㣻ֱᱻձ֮ͽ㣻㲻ߺţᱻߺŵ˻㣻˽ԭصߣᱻԭ޵ߵ˻㣡
ȨѾΪһʽȨѾΪһ޿ɺǵļֵȨѾΪһ֮֮ĶʱͻῪʼ̬״̬
ȨǮԼɴγɵĸܣӸŤᷢչĽ̡
ȻˣҶԴҲų⣬ϾԼЩȵ漯֮еĶڡ
ûɱԼĽײ㣬ȥΪȺ˽׵ģԼ漯õ治࣬ҶԼ
ʵϣͨԼڵĵλԼĹϵҶܹúܶණ
ֻӵ޷󼰵ƣڲҪüĹϵܹþ޶ƸҲûбҪùȨΪԼĲȡ˽ˡ
żһûǿԵģͱ˵ڵʵҲʹԭԼԴΪԼ
ȫ⵱иӰҰȫҪ̶ȡ
ĺúõģΪʲôͻȻ뵽ʡҶƽҶ̲֮סʵ
ҶܣҲ˼ҵĵȻڸ
˽ʱ֮ǶүӣҶƽеЩľΪʱҶһ亹
ʡҶҵĴͳΧҶǰ˴ʵЩðʧˡ
Ҳû¶¶ʵһιҲΪ˰һֶѡҶѣֻ˵Լɡ
ڽ˼֮ǰҶûиҶƽҶƽҲ֪ҶʡĿģʱ˵ҶƽɵЩȡ
ԭΪ飬㵹ˡҶƽҶϸ֮Ҳɵ̾˿û뵽ΪԼ룬¶ߵǰͷ
ʵϣҶƽڲûҵǳʵѡ
ҶǴŲ٣ֵµĸɲ󲿷ֶλүӵĵϵҪһЩ϶ʮҾӶ࣬һЩ͸ġһȻҲȴûзֺܶ͵˲š
Щ˵еٮٮǣ϶˱ȽϹǰ;Ҫȥȷʵеʡ
ͨҶƺͬѧĸ͵ѧ;ȴʺϵְֶҶƽ˺ܴȤ
ؼģѧԺɣҶϵҶ˵ίΪҶϵǰ£һλѧԺɵҲбظɲǵĺ
¶ԭͬġҶƽʾҪȼһλͬѧĸףȻܾ
ȻҶƽڶӵ۹ҲǱȽ͵ģǴʵ¹شҲƫƫţɶ˽°ôҪµһ飬ǿɾͳ̳Ц
Ҷ˵ͷΪôǺġ
Ҷƽܿȥ飬ʹŮʡҽԺ
֪ͨƺеײ࡭Ҷʾ
ٸװˣŮͬѧĸףôģҶƽ˶һ۵Ҳ˳㿴λͬѧǲرѣܹҶǣңΪ˿ͱըŮͬѧӦò˸еʧɣ
Ҿã㻹ǰҪעͬѧĸϣȽϺһЩҶ


196 ɣ
Ҷƽͬ־ҪңҴŮϢʱƺЩʵ
ĵһӡԼǲƭˣ
ͷð쵼ɲУðٵҲУ˼ð߼죬ǼðίԱģû˵
ʵΪίԱôʮˣÿһڹٳ˵ĿУңɼ񻰣һᱮЦòģôǵҡײƭǻ̾ͱ˸ʶƵġ
绰Ҷƽ칫Ҵ͵ģԲ֤Բд
ԼĵصҲڽʡҽԺʲô߰ĵطϢĿŶȣܲôŵƭӰɣ
˸е˼ģǶԷ˵ԼŮ˪һҶƽ͸еǳˣ˵ʲô˼أ
ʵ˵͵ϰµģǺܰȡ
ҶƽԼʱʮ룬ʹŮԼʡҽԺ
֤֮һУٽ͸˪ɭϵסԺС¥
˺ǹʵľ֮ͷ϶ƭˡ
ϾƭӣҲôųֻԾҶƽƽҶƽôͻȻʡݣҪһأ
ڽӵ绰֮ǰͲ֪ҶƽݵϢʡί߶ҲûյκθҶƽصϢȻһЩġ
˪ҲЩ죬֪Ϊʲô׹˼棬ҪԼȲǰ칫£Ҳǰ˽£һͷˮǿҽԺ䱸ɭϵĳ˪Ҳ޷Щ棬Щ¡
߶ߡУٽ˪Ů¥ϰ˲֮󣬾ͣˡ
ʱ߹һλʮģˣǼȥ
׳Ѿˡ齫˲
һţͿĲ棬һλڲԱ߶ɳϣͬڴϵᲡ˵
Ҷǣ
Ҷ
ŮͬʱԼĿֻ꣬ͬѡ
ڲϵˣ˪ͬѧҶɳˣȻίԱίҶƽ
Ůû뵽ˣڵӺͱֽϼҶƽˣ˪ҶͬͬѧкĻȻҲˡ
ôˣ˪Ҷ֮󣬾ͷֲΧЩߣеδδŵĸּƣԾICUĴ
ѵ˵ҶʲôزѾصֵزˣ
˪˾ɵú˫ۣкؿҶ
˵ĽӴȻǺܶ࣬Ҷ࣬ݳʱҲɪгãҶΪ˪飬ײˣͳ˹˾˪Ȼ˵ȴѾҶ㺣ʱͻȻڲϣòƷǳصӣȻǱ
û¶ֻ˵˶ѣڶõòˡҶ״Ц
¶ԹǸԺҪԼʵʵش죬ϰҶƽ֮ҲͬҽԺҶֻüڲţʵϣƳˡ
ҶǺãǽʡ͡ͼҶƽȴûôɡ
ǰȻͲȴѾίԱίǣ˾ĸ쵼ˣǽѣмĲʵ̫ˡ
ٴһѹˣοҶƽ֮Ĳ࣬źüء
ͬ־ãרһ˶ˡҶƽ˿ͣλȻͬҶ˵Ҳ֮ˣһ֪
ٿ˪ҲͤͤһֹŵŮŨϢҶƽа̾һ䣬ӵ۹Ȼ
뵽飬ҶƽҲЩ̤ʵ極飬Ĭˣ楱ҪҶü꣬Ҳûʲôֵ뷨ˣ͵ҶŮ˼ҵˣ˪ҲǶϲĶ󣬾еðˡ
Ͼϳҵĳ棬ҶһϿɵ󣬶ҳĸ׳ɻҶƽֿѣϵ൱¶϶ܻ˵ġ
ôҶͬʺϵ˪עͲܳΪҶƶŮѡ
ҶƽȻǣȴҲ֪ⲢҪǵ飬԰һ߶רͬ˵
ԭŮλͬѧҶҵĵϵһ߶Ҷƽ˵⻰ȴ˾κˡ
ҶǼģΪŮײˣȻʲô¶ûзǸʱ;֪Ҷļ϶ȨƵģֻôҲû뵽ȻίԱҶƽĶӡ
ֲҶƽⶼΪŮĹϵ
ѵ˵ҶƽΪ˼һҶͬѧ˪˳ӼһԼ͵
Ҷƽ̸ݣȴֲǷ̸̸Ļ⣬ΧִееһЩչģóҶƽˣĹԶ͸еЩԾһЩ𶯡
µ쵼ɲǼʶһЩģҶƽӸλܹȽϸµعľýһЩ쵼û
ֲ˼ܹʮһͣͽ֣ҳίǵְⲢΪҶүӵĶӣ˼ʵʵڵʵѧ
ͣڽʡ߶ĹʡίѾʵ𣿡Ҷƽѯʵ
Ҹոչ幤ûʵھһӵġᵽ¶Ҳͦûйʵġ
벿ίĸɲȻ˵ǹһûкʵλðţʵȨ͵ͬޣʵ᲻
ҲѧʵģǱ·ŹԱȥͰźˣƲڵľ״ӦǲίԵˡ
ְһòط쵼ϿɣпܾʹӴ˽ϵˣѧΪḻ;һҵͶԣ治ʲô¶
ûʵҶƽ֮ƺЩ˵ӡ
ͼˣδЩˣ˵Щûи׵ѧԺɣȻܸǸ̫ӵᲢˡ
ȻˣͲҰɣҶƽܸɴԼĽ飬߶дֶĿѾüޣҪмʶѧɲ֪Σ
ȥ飿Ȼû뵽ҶƽȻԼ롣
ӸĿ̫˰
ΪίԱίǵҶƽȻԵҪԼȥⱾǶ͵ӣһܹܵĴ
ҶƽҪ˲ţҲһ仰飬鲿ȻὫһѵĸɲϰڵϣѡ
Ļᣬǧѷ꣡
Ҹոʡ߶ûаתȥǱ߶᲻֯²õӡ󣿡뵽飬ҲɵЩͷ
ֻҪشһ仰УţʡίܷԡҶƽȻ˵
ίԱǰʡίʲôֻǿһӵʱ䣬;ˣԸȥУҶǵ쵼¹
ãҶƽͷ


197 ʡί۾
Ҷƽ
ţûʲôǵġ
ίԱίǵҶƽ
ţӦûеڶҶƽˡ
һֱԼඣ
û취ߵﶼΧۣǱġ
ôһǰˣȨѹ𣿡
ˣҶҪ׷㣬˭ס
ΪʲôҰҲ
˵ڽ߶չòãҪȥְǱ߶ϾȽ϶
㡭

Ҷƽһ߶̸ʱҶ˪Ҳڲ
Ȼ˵˪ڹٳﲢûʲôʶҶƽͷ̫ʮһίԱίǣŵﶼýĽ㣬ǵҲãֽҲãʱĿУܹҶƽлӲ칤ƬټϰҲҶƽ֣˪ȻĴ࿴ۡ
ֻôҲû뵽ҶƽȻҶĸס
ԭһֱ͸ϵҶͬѧȻĴӵܣΪҶƽĶӣͬʱڹ̳ӵмĶ׳ҶǬӡ
뵽һλ̫үȻһֱػԼߣΪԹ˾˪浱Ȼ޷ˣֻҶ֮ĹϵȻҪһͬѧúܶ࣬Ҳûоȷ˵Ůѡ
ԣӦֺѰɡ
ô˵ģ˵һỰ˪ڴ֮ǰлָ˹ҶԭҶҲû˿ı仯˪е̤ʵһЩǾ뵽⡣
Ŷҿʡ߶㿴һ£û뵽·Ϸһ⡭ҶȻܸ˵Ϊ·ϱ˸١½ءȻըһͶС
ô˵Ļ˪δؾͻж෴ΪҶǶء
Ͼͨ˵ʶУʲôʱᷢ׶飿
ֲսôܻᷢ·ϱȻըķأǲܷ飡
룬ҶǾȽɿʵֻһͨĽͨ⡣
˵ˣ˪еʵ
һƤѾˣอܵһЩ𶯣ʱûа취ȽϾҵ˶ϢһҲû¶ˡҶ΢΢¶һ˿Цݣ˪ش
ʵϣอȷʵܵ𶯣ʱΪ޴ĳҶڵˣ̶ͬȵܵอѪֻҶеĪ˯һ֮󣬾ȻûٸоκεЩ֡
Ϊ˱ԺҪԺ۲죬ҲǺģϾҶͬʱסͷףʱҪҶһЩҲסԺһϲС
˪ҶĶͷ˵
Ҷ˪ָĶͷо˪ģģôһƺͷ˶࣬Ǻ顣
ҪȥְǲҲתѧǱ߶ȥҶѯʵ
˪ˣԵЩԥ
ոͬѧϤҪתѧȥУȷʵ˪ееӦڽдѧһ֮Ҳ߶ȷʵͬҶ֮ǰ˵ʦѧΧܲ𾩳ǵĺܶУǿࡣ
Ҫתѧȥ飬˪ȷʵЩԾ
дѧо棬ҪǱ߶ǿܶ࣬Ҿû߶һЩ˪֮󣬶Ҷ˵
˪ѧϰ֣ܸⷽȤҶҲ֪ġ
Ȼˣڽ߶Ҳûʲô⡣Ҷ˵ͷ
㲻ɣ˪СҶʵ
ô᣿ôС𣿡ҶЦ
˪ľҶƺҲ˪Լҵ׷󣬶ԼҲкܶҪķŵͬһѧУУδؾһܺõѡ
طָƽʱ飬żˣܹСһ£ʵҲǺܰһֳ
οҶԼӦǲܸ˪һݣⷽҲǨ˪һЩƾԼȥ¶
鲿ĵܿµ˽ʡ
ȥУãʡί֯ӵݹ֮󣬸еЩ졣
֪ģմˮһ˾ʡίӣûʵ幤ǽ⡣
û鲿һ⹫;͸ĹԱһʡί䵱һѲԱϻϵӣһ⹫ȷʵЩΣѵ˵ͺȻõʲôʶҪˣ
¶ֵãˣҪʶһ¡
ֻо͵֮󣬳˷ѧԺɣı֮󣬲ûзʲô֮ɵеЩ죬뵽ѧԺһϵĴӪôĳۣ֮Ҳпܵġ
ô˵黻ҪʡίĽ׻㱨һµġ
ܿȥʡίĽĽǣ鲿ĵ
ʡίĽ׿һ֮Щֵʵͬ־ǸմˮǽôôҪˣ
Ͳˣ鲿Ǳ߶û˵ʾǱ߶ƶɡ
Ľ׵˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
˵ٳϵãҲӵ㹻ϢԴУˣĽ׵˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ʱûкţҲûаһ¶ֻǰչѣûиʵȨְ
û뵽Źûм죬鲿˵Ҫȥˡ
ڿ͵ı󣬿϶ֵ֧ģֻˮ˶ѡ
ܹ鲿ôʱͣλҲӦίԱĴɣĽȻίԱȴҲûȥָ鲿Ĵүǡ
ĽҲЩͣȻֻڽʡһµʣȴǽı⣬ȥУ˷ãʱ䣬Ϊʡɲˡ
ҲʮͷѣʮΪʡɲʮʡҲǳ˵ΣǹؼԼ˷ֲС
Ȼ鲿ˣǾհˣ֯渺һ£ҲӦ֮塣Ľָʾ
ǣ;֯Ļ£ȥˡ
֮ҲʮµףȻǱ߶ϢΪʵеίҶƽ齨ֶʱΪܣίҶϵԭĳκԶѡýʡίһص۾
ͣȻֶ
벻벻;Ȼһƥĺʡί֯õϢʱҪ˵пǱȻġ
Ҫ֪ҶƽΪֶļǸʡȻֻܹ齨˭֪һֶʡҲһ仰顣
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198 
ҶڽʡһܣŻصС
м䣬˪ܹһЩݵķζСԡ
Ҷ˼˵ʡҽԺСȷʵʦҲվҲģҽԺĽɱȽ϶࣬ⲻܳԣǲܳԣҶķ˪ʳܺθڡ
صлиҪҶеֲ˼ˡ
߶⣬ֶ齨
ҶƽķΧټίȺȺĽ½ֶֽԶ֮޴͡н㡢֡ڡ֡ɽ6ֽ
ôһ֮ڣӦŻߣԼҪһߡ
ʵϣжʵ˿Ƚв
еƣǸĸ￪֮ĵһԼ۵ߵĵƣΪؼ۱˵Եʣʱڶ۵ͶʽУȡ˴ķչʽ
ټϴЧӦӰԼܸ۵˼ĸȾڸעطչʵЧ˽ٶһȳΪڸĸ￪ŵͷ
еҲǺԵģһеĵһЩܹ𵽵ķø㣬ƶľúͽģк֪ܶкҵפʱطУЩкҵشҲԿͶйгʽˡ
һҲǷǳҪģеļ˲ź֪ʶ˲ŵĴҪԶԶֻһСĽУ⿪йгĺҵԣҪһ㡣
ΪԸ߿ƼΪ֮ĹʻҵǺΨڵļ˲֧֣пϵĶг״򿪡
ԣе𽥿ţںҵǶںǿ൱
齨ֶƶ֮һ֮ڣ棬ܵڸҵѯһǧݶɴһŵУǾжôӰ
ҶҲҶƽ˼Խ飬ҲӦȷչЩҵĽ顣
ڿⷽҲһģ˵ȷչ߿Ƽҵ˵ҵͨѶҵȵȣоֲܹڿհ׵һЩҵ
ֻڽҵ棬ҿûǱȽģҵֻ̾Ȼдչ̺ľ޴̻ȴҲûֱӲĿԡ
ЩеľǣȴҲûбַͨȻҵ޷룬ôҡһ䣬ΪͶʣҲͬЧ
Ȼ˵ôķҪһЩǻرȷʵߵ׶ȫ˵ɶȨչⷽͶĿ
ͶߵʵǺҪģǼȻṩΪŻݵߣҪ֤ģܹΪֶķչṩİҶҶƽ˵صʹ÷ȷͶʷزƵҵȸ߸ֵҵĿͶʸ߿ƼҵĿյӦԴģصʵʹϣաⷽһ׺ϸ³̣˳ȥȴŲãǵսԣɱȽϴĸӰ졣
ҲǵˣץƶߵСҶƽʾͬרųһţԴ˽м顣
оǾɳǸˡҶѵֶչܱ֮ߵĵؼۿ϶ˮǴߵģʱҪвǨ½ҲܴҾãߴʽȽϳԣĻͬʱץ
ֵ濼һ¡Ҷƽ˵ͷΪ˵Ҳе
ĽȻʲôϰʲôǿ˵ģʮӵĽܹҶƽõϢ鹤һӰ졣
ҪؾӪһУ治׵顣ҶƽͻȻ̾˿
Ȼ˵ʱѾˡӪСҪôӪȷģкܴ飬Ĳ˵˵ڵĺУҲᡰӪСȴȽȡɡ
еԭȻںе˿ڻԶԶܹͬȣ˿ܶҲҪСö࣬ԷչķҲҵͬʱ˺Ʒ͹ʺҵķչԶҪ򵥵öࡣ
еķչ͸ӶˣϾһе֧ȫ֮һĲ롣
ĺˣص뻹ǷǳģǮͺˡҶԴ˵ǺܿÿҲ֪߷ſ֮󣬻ʲôӰ졣
ǮҲǾ´󼪡Ҷƽȴ˵Ǯûʲôطȥô˭ЩǺҪ⣬һãͻᵼһķӦ
⵹ġҶͷǮĵطиܣֶһĸɲģԼί߶ĹҲˡҽȷչίˡ
ҶƽˣЦҡҡͷôδģйˣ˼ôȥ
ҶٺһЦҲ֪¶ô졣
ˮ㣬̰Ǳⲻ˵ģǲ̫ˣһ˺ߣǿ϶ͳ˱ĶˣܹԼյıȽϺãͲܴ
µ׵ʱڸҶ绰ҪǸһʡ·Ϸڴɱ
ڻϿԿ϶Ĵɱ¼ϯֶӱɱڰӦͬһ֯ΪΪַзǳƵĵطҶ˵ǰ׷˽ʡϧҲˡ
ʲôݣҶüͷʵ
һˣҪѯǿ϶ǲʵģ漰һܣ»ܵ飬϶ǲὲģһԭ⣬һй¶ĻưӰ죬Ҳ뵽һЩõ顣
Ҷ߶ʣͲʲôˣֱӵظҶʡڲһƳṩġ
ŶԭˡҶˣƺ뵽ʲô
ʵҪȻľʣǺܸӵ飬һڲĿƳȫ쵽飬ȻˣⲢǹ¹죬ְϵı͵͵ŪȻԼ顣
Ϯ֮УȻڵԴ϶һܴ©Ϊһ˿϶㲻ֶһ֮±Ȼܹҵ˵Ǵģ˭ϼ˭Щʲô⡣
˵˳߶Ӧǿ˳ϣҵĻֵġ
ֻƳ·ԺҲˣȫĿúж
˵Ҳˡ
ðҶȻ˵
巢ɻ
ҵ˼˵ԷȻѾϿȷ׷ٵķˡҶ˵
˵˵Ҳһϧı顣
Ĳ߻ԼʵʩԷ˺ܴ󹦷ģӵ鱨ִĲţĲˡҶ˵ԣѾԵóۣ¶ʵǾ鲿ġ
ʱˡ


199 һҪĿ
ʵҶܹõĽۣһҲ֡
ؼֻԼھϵͳҲ޶ȵģƿϵͳϵͳʵ̫ˣҾڲϵȵطϵĹϵӳ̶˿ѷɫ
ҶţҲܹƿؾܲĴ󲿷־ѣϸ˸֮ƿȾͺѵõ֤ˡ
һηڽʡ·ϵĴɱҶؿһ㡣
ʵ˵һ׳ҲҵḶ̌οһ鲿ŵĸˣôȫϵͳԼУ
ԽԽгˡһӣŶҶ˵
Ҷжϵ巢ԼھϵͳƿأԶûôӦ֡
Ȼ֮ǰҲĸ򣬵һδɱıľ裬ϵͳڲӦһɱȽϴڰи
ܲζһЩӿܲУҲкܶ಻гҶ˵ȻҲ֪ǰ£ĳЩҪ绰Ҳ˼ˡ
ܲҪǸĳЩҪпӰ쵽ҰȫͨʩΪбҪô˵绰ҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ǵǸĳЩд֮һڴ绰ĹУ漰Щдô豸ԶУĵ绰мز¼
һ˵һЩҪＰܲǾǵĵ绰ģеʱҲȫ⣬ΪЩУɷ̫ӣ֪ʲôʱͻһϲļһЩɸ
ܹ鵽Ҷĵ绰˼ˣҪ鵽ʲôˣһ棬ȷʵܲס
ҵļԱǲõģǱصúҶ˵߲ھ鲿ĹƺҲǳˡ
ΪһϵеĴɱгί棬Эϯ˶Ծ鲿ĲΣίԱУҲ塢˸ȻʱϹۣȴҲųڹؼʱ򣬻ͬϯĹ۵㡣
ҶҶھӵƿ̫ǿȻȫѳ־鲿Ǵ󲿷ȨӰҲǷǳֲģͻȻ飬Ȼ˽ìͷָ߶ҪŪȥҶҵʵ
飬ʵҲԹˣеģıҲֶλϴԱҪϴȥģЩңֻڹؼʱԼҡҶһ㣬
Ҷİֻãϳ¼ҵ֮Ҷȫ־鲿֮󣬶ڲϴ̫ϷˣȫǺͷϸʽûʾһѪȷϴȻ𲻵õġ
̫ͬҶĻֻ̾˿ǾͬţʮЩֵģϧ˻ģ⣬κΣκΣ
һ֣˼Ҷ֣˼ȴ޲һоأǻᷢģҲͻ
ʵһε¼ֳϴڲƿؾϵͳĴʱҶûиһп˸ΪĽ
ҶҲܹ뵽һε飬ȻҶƿؾϵͳһδжҪҶ뱻ʵҲҶҵһתԽƴ˰Ļᣬھϵͳģ֣켺
˵ûǼϣòҲ˵Ȼ˼ҲӣôҲûбҪ˼˵ĸˡ
ѡ𣿡Ҷʵ
ε飬ҪץסףǺѵģԱһֻôҶܹܲУֻ򾿾ôѡҲһ⡣
٣ܻҵġش
ϵͳԱӣӴҲ㣬Խ࣬ĿԾԽ࣬ҪëǺ׵ģȻ廹ûʲô飬ǴʱɱѾȻ¶ȻҪˡ
壬Ұָһɣ˳ָٰһˡҶȻ뵽˺ȫµ̨Ǳϳ¼ҵĳ½нѷɫһλ˭Ҳ֪Ȼ̨
ˣҲھϵͳְģҹٽҲͣʱȻٽΣϽĲݷǳУ̨ǳĵ鱨
˵˵˵
Է̨ϡҶ彨
ˣ۾ʱһҶȻмء
ʡ·ɱȻûôƣյԻԭʵ࣬ǶԾϵͳڲ˴ϴҲҳһʵУҪڸ߲Ǳ߶ܹĹȥ
˵˵ץԪˣû죬¶ַˣ쵼Կ
̨֣ȷʵЧ
̨ع飬̨޴ӱ⣬̨ĸ⣬޷׶ž
һһεɱΣƸ̨ĻͿڲ֮أɱϵھϵͳڲϴһмֵͷܹȥˡ
߲㵱УھϵͳԹԱȽϴǼλԼ֮⣬ʵҲھϵͳڷԼͼ
Ȼҵôõ򣬵Ȼǵ뷨γ棬˵ûҪھϵͳڣصǼλڷֵУʵ̫ˣǸ̨Ⱦ¡
ô˵һ˭ҶĽǳ⣬Զ˵һҲеǳ档
ƽܡҶ˵
ƽܣ֮󣬶ʱЩȻ˵ģ
Էǳ棬ֱ̨ϵй¶˶ٻܸǱ߶ҾͲˡҶش
֮󣬶ʱôشڵеЩ
ƽܲζĸ֮һֹܵĿǾڸ߶װ鱨Լ̨ȷʵк̨ܶǱ߶ǳĵĿ
ֻǣƽܵݵλҲԺգ޷ӡ
ƽܵүӣͱҶүӻһЩдľԪϼӰ൱Ȼ˵ʵҶүӺͶүӣȴҲС
ΪҶƭԼܼүѾȥüˣү֮ǰҲûн뵽ĵľ߲Ȧӣϵӣܰ˵˷ǳ࣬޷õ¹ؼƽ̨ܸ潻֤϶޷ġ
һѼƽ£ҲҪֿ֮ҪδС
ôȷƽ⣿巴ʵ
ȻҲ֪ҶһЩŹŹֵֹ飬飬Ϊϵͳ˶֪Ҷ֪ģ
ô֪ģСĲ֤һ£ԿԷ⣬ֲǶôѵ顣Ҷ϶˵Լ֪ģҲû˵
ðɣȻô˵ˣҾһش
ҪģҲҪڲϴģô༸ѡҲʲô¶οƽֻһٽҪĻֶζúܣֻҶ˵Ƿʵѡ
¶ĻүҲס
Ͼϳ¼ҵĳ½£ݵλҪȼƽԺնˣ


200 ί
ʮѮ߶˺ܶ飬Ҫ飬һֶʼ齨ǽί顣
ֶ齨һڹ̣ȻżǽίãشҲҶƽ֮õĵһλֵܳ쵼ˡ
ڹ̳ϵĵλȻߣίǲǸʡǽΪһУڹھ÷ӰȴǱȽϴġ
ȻӾи֮ľȽϴ󣬵ǽеһЩھ˳еƴȴֵѧϰġ
мģֶڹ۶ϣίãԵñȽпˡ
ϸ˵ίǷͬ־һϵ
ҶƽȻǴҶԳһͬͬ־ĹϵҲãûʲôأֻ֮ͬʱӴһЩѡ
ί갽ԵӭгԶҲڵһʱӼ̸ڸĸ￪еĹͬͽĺȵȡ
еôǣͣҡ
ҶõϢ֮󣬵һо϶ģûбҪʱܹ
ϵʱҶĲʹҶƽĿеõӡ֤
ҪΪ˹з飬Ǳ߶ĹеñȽԮˣǸ֧жһѡҶƽҶ˵
ŶҾ˵²Ҷ˵ͷ
˵ĹУҶҲͦ˼ģ˵һײʱг׷򣬲˵СӹҼң֤ȯгĹνһ䣬㶼֪ǵǶ١
ȻˣƱгȻң׬ǮҲǮȴġ
ȥ꿪ʼеĳվ֡гͷкйƱ̯
ȫҪȥ̨ףֱڳվȻȥͷڽͷβ֮䳴ۡǮĴǣûڼ죬һĴ󡣺еĹƱ۸Ȼܱȹ̨ļ۸߳һ
ֱȥ£г̨ˡȡ޳Ƿ׻Ĺ֮ŵõ˻⣬ţֳ̨ͣƶȡÿǵ10%
Ȼнƣǹɼۻǲǡ
֮£߶ĹоԵˣָ֤ʽ֮ǰĹƱ׻ָ100㣬ҵĺܡ
Ҳԭģ˵еϰûǮ߶Ĺ񣬴ùƱжڴ浥˾ղԾ̨׳ɽϡ١
еϰ˹ҵ㲻Ǿָʱһֱ10020%ڱ仯Ʊӯ5~15֮䣬о1ңƱȽϱˡ
ΪԾдĽڹǷ׷УԳơ˵ҪúýƱ
ʱĹƱǵգֵ100Ԫĵյʱֻ91.5ԪΪɣеĹǺ
ǡͷڡƶ£պܿ챻ֵϡ
ָһ123¸ߣеĹǾ㵲ѡ
ʱĹзнڹù̫𣬾ƳͣƶȡǵΪ3%ʱ򣬴ӽкн˳Ĺ׷׼ˡ顣ʹͣƣֱָ200㣬һºǵ300㡣
մ92Ԫ𲽣һֱǵ500Ԫֵ100Ԫԥ԰ͣ£¾ͱߵ400Ԫм۸Ǿˣﵽ1 000Ԫһɡ
ƱǷǾˡֵ50ԪСֱ382Ԫֵ10Ԫ껪329Ԫ
еĹǾѹΪʱ˲òͼĹƱ
ƱҲ˺ܶ⣬ǱߣΪƱǲͣռòļҪɲͷƱ
ȥʱƾתˡ
еĹпֹ߶ĹкһЩΪǶûгͷţԱּͦΪ˼ƣ˺ܶ๤Ȼгµ
ŴεǵͣƲЧйеĹվ𲽷ſ޼ۣгеڡ
ڷſ޼۵ĵ죬ڷչڿһСʱµ41.6%ƶм15.6Ԫ13.4ԪҪ֪֮ǰĹɼ170Ԫ
йеıھ쵼
ίֵҵ쵼μӵľлϣ˵ҪҵǮУʼûҵԸ⣬ڷչ˵ϣܻعԼĹƱŽڷչѾúмֵˣǳＯԪľʽ
ڱĹжԣڵʽͶȥҲûмĳЧ
ԣǽϣУϣҶƽܹ֣ڹС
Զˮʣʲôð취ҪչֶΪ˳ǮҲûǮҶƽҶ˵ԼԴҲΪ
Ҷȷʵĥһ°ͶԸҶƽ˵ʵǮкܶġ
ŶҶƽһ㶣֪ҶָΪΣ
ǮϰյҶЦſߣеϰգԳеĹƱӦþͿԺ׵ؽˡ
ҶƽˣЩ
еĹ֮һٵҪΪ˶ڹûģ޷ԭ˵ܹеĹǳеĹƱôʽͻԹһƶãһгĽͽˡ
Ҳһ⡣Ҷƽת뵽һ飬бйУΪʲôҪԶȥϤĽеĹƱأ
ҶƽҲܺϾҶϲսȥԼϤ׬Ǯǻ治̤ʵ
ܼ򵥣۸ҶЦŻشҶƽһãȻŶ͵ڵĹƱˣԪʮԪһɣĹƱ󣬼ԪǧԪһɣ򽭿ڵĹƱǿ϶úܱˣĻһǿ
ôһ¶ɡҶƽȻɣǻٻ֪һЩģеĹƱֵһԪһɣĹƱֵʮһԪȣñȽϡ
ǲֻҪÿȥ˾СҶش
ȷЧҶƽʵ
Чʲôʱ˵ϻҶش
ڶ죬ίԱίҶƽӼ˽ί˫и֮ľó׺кõĴ̣ʹƽĸ￪ҵ
˫ýǰнѧϰеȽ飬ƶֶĽҵҲͬкչȫλкû
ڼд˫ͬһµľ𣬽еĹƱ½½֤ȯгнס
Ϣ֮󣬽еĹƱָзβֹס˶ĵƣС̱ա
ɣҾ˵һЧгķӦʵġҶϿŵʱ򣬾ЦŶҶƽ˵
ƨҶƽһǽеľʽˣ


201 ˵Ĵ
ƳϵʱҶףһȥƵꡣ
׸𰲱˵ϻǷǳõģһδӶֵȻҲˡ
ھǱ߶Эƿȫ֣ΪҶ鱨ԼӪ裬ѵ飬ҲǱȽæµģ߶帺Ҷİȫ
ֻҶ極İȫ⣬˼Ůڣһֱ極ңԼ߶ִֻӱ𴦳˷׹ϡ
ʵҶҲÿ¶һҲŻһͨ˶ѣҪ˴¶һ㱣ڸǿסģͷ֣ǶӦ飬ٶҲûʲôô
٣пʼ̧ͷˣܲһֶһ߶һ߶Ҷѯʵ
ԴҶҶƽ֮󣬽Ǳ߶Ķͺܿ죬ʮһ³п˽׽֤ȯƽ̨տʼʱӦƽǲ֪ôţһͻˡ
ʽӿ˽е֤ȯгڽԭһ·̬Ƹֹסҿʼ˽ڽţ֮·
ܽǱ߶ĹдӰ죬߶ĹҲһƬ죬ӣдŶͷһ·߸ơ
ƽʱû¶ʱϲĥĶԹоӣǸҶһЩйؾ÷鼮Kͼһһƽָʲôģͦĵġ
ʵһˣеǣڳɵ˺ܶ࣬еȫһоɼƣгֵ̬òֺ
ţУԿǶһЩȥһµʱ䣬˾ǣǺܲġҶ˵Ȱ㲻Ҫսֵط𵰵ĸһҿʽĴĳûܹʢ˥ӮֻׯңǶĿ͡
˵ǣҲΪͷеǮԶעһ¹еҶķǺεģΪӴˣҲ֪һЩҶ飬֪Ҷھ÷мأһ˵һ׼
Ҷ˵˼ֻƱƣעһ¡
˽ǮҲģҿ԰һ£ױЦ˵
壿ҶЩʵ
ĶĻҡͷǼСš
ŶҶ˵ͷ
һҲǣҶԼСһ꣬ǶǱˣȻܷչʲôΪֳعԣϣһļͥͨ˵ǵ룬Ȼȥͬж顣
ʵõҲǰнȱǮֻԹбȽȤѣԲŻ˳ɵĴ㡣
㻹ǽһ±ȽϺãһµʱ䣬ʱ䵽ȥɲҪ˵ûѹ㡣Ҷضһ
Ƶʱ߶ѾΪ
ǰ·һֱȥԤõλ¥İᡣ
ϣҶεֶӡ
˵ƺЩ֣ҶǸѧѣȴǰ;ԶԵЩײ࣬ǿǵҶҶƽݣԼҶŮ˪֮Ĺϵ˳ˡ
ʵϣҲǳ׼ʱ˫ͬʱġ
һ֮˾ͽ˰ᣬܿͽҶõķ˽
˵ŶԡͶҶ˵˪Լݾ֣һ˹˾¶һֱûܹлġ
Ҳǣһ˫۾ȴڲͣشҶСĺܲ
ʱˣѾɷ͵ĿУ֪Ҷʵݣ֪ҶҵĵгίҶүӵӣίԱίҶƽĶӡ
⼸ع⻷֮˭ҶϹâ䡣
ô˵ͼˣҸ˪ͬѧҲǴһģȻܿԿҶЦ˵
һ߶Էһ߶˵ЦţյҲȽǢ
ϧ˪ҪڽдţʵѧҲһѧԺרҵҲǷǳġ뵽Ůɵ̾˿
ѧԺרҵдѧרҵȣһġϣЩͬ
ʵϣдѧרҵӽӽڴͳѧԺ߶רҵֵܵӰ죬˺ܴı仯Ƚ֮£רҵ淢չȻҪӽдѧǱ߶ѧ𣬷Ϊ
˲ǲ֪һ㣬ֻҶ棬Ըʾһ̬ϣŮܹ飬ҶӴӴ
óҶԼŮǿ൱иġ
ȻҲ֪ҶҵӣҪҲŵԵһִҹУǴ˽ǺϣԼŮҲܹȡһᣬϾҶүӵӰ
ĻҶΪ̫һΪ
ο˼̫ӵĺǺܸߵģҶүгίΣҶƽѾˣνӵ÷ǳܣĴţʮ굱жҵ߱仯𵽷ǳҪӰ죬Ϊ̳˵ҶȻҲĿĽ
ֶǱ߶Ĺ˳𣿡Ҷʵ
ǧͷǰܺáᵽ˹ҲǺܸߵġ
Ȼ˵ֶڻϻһƬ˵أ̲ͿʲôģΪһƬԲŸֿǾɳǸģʽĻǲǨܹͷϺüꡣ
һֶľǷǳȷġ
߶һ֮ҲܹоԼһʷʱڣǰڲίӵʱȣȻæµ˺ܶ࣬ȴܹ˸о÷ǳʵһøмֵ
ڰҶƽ൱мģȻͷϹѧԺɵĴƣʵѾҶϵ𽥿£ˡ
֮ԻҶƽ֮⣬һҪԭ򣬾ҶƽҪ̤̤ʵʵһЩˣȻȻػߵһ
ҲܼɣϵһЩҶ˵˵
һζʱ⹤ȷʵչĲѾʮҴҵֶ߶طչΪ˳ԣķչʽͬʱҲýڻߵֶʼۼһ
ŵʱòͻˡͷǳֹ۵رʾ
һٷһСʱɢ
Ҷ뿪֮˾͵ֱ˵㿴ǲ˪Ͽ쵽߶ѧأ
ΪʲôǱ߶ѧúõôʲôЩطʵ
ɵֵ˵͵Ķͷɸֵ˵˪ҶϵõúܣǶĻֻãطָ治ףʱˣ־͵˰
ǵ飬˳ȻɣδؾҸͶԴЩΪȻ
ȻûзȴԼһƽϣĥŵȥһ˶Уȡ˵Ů߶ѧ


202 ѡ
٣첻ȥѧУѧ𣿡Ҷȥʱ򣬾ʵ
ʲôأǻӶѡҶش
ʵϣ뿪У԰ʱԽãҶԽϲУ԰ĻڵͺαذԼȦУ԰棬ȥһȺѧ˻һ
˵У԰һĿĵĻҲֻ˵Ϊ˷椶ˣֻǸ̬򷽵ĸ椶ȽУ԰ȷʵԵЩɬҲȽ鷳
˶ܸȤŶ˵
ҳñȽ˧£˼˰ҶһЦ
㻹治ǫ鰡˵
ֵǫ飬Ǿǽ⻰˭˵ţҶӦ
˵ġ˵
Ҷص˼֮ҶƽҲǸսš
ί˵ˣΪίԱº»ͬܶ࣬Ȼˣ𲻹ǣҲòҶƽȥԽӴǾˣÿзʵҪǣҲһǳ˵֡
Ҷ̾ŵ˾Ȼ磬ҶƽֺȾˡ
ϰ֣ҸȽĵСҶҶƽ
òô鷳ɣûϰʮҶƽɳϣһȽƣȻң˵ӡ
ÿ쿴ţǹڴ󲿷ҪǶһ顣
Ӷǵ൱ش󣬺ܶͷƶڵпģԿӵˮƽߵͣҲܹӳһλ쵼ԾΣ
һҪѡáҶʾֽӴȫԲȾƵġ
òɣϾܶ඼ʵҶƽںȾҲûʲôо˶ӵĻɵöһ䡣
ҪҸĵõľƶɿȪˮˣҶش
Ҷƽˣǵ˵ͷЩ⶯
߶ЩӦȻҲҪμһЩĺȿȪˮƵĻҲû˸ڲ֤ɣ⵹һ⡣
ίԱ鼶ȻȽϸߣһʲôģûôĽҶƽ룬͸ί鳤ش˸绰
飿û⡣ضԴȻ൱ģҶǷʲôҪ󣿡
¶ɫñͨСҶƽش
̾ʹӦµ绰֮Ϳʼĥ¶ҶƽͻȻҪ飬ȻǶڵ鲻Ǻ⣬¶ɴС
ϸ˵ί鳤ҪίĸܼҵĹͬʱҲҪίҶƽ⸺ҪΪõ͹ҶⷽЩˣǿɾĹûãûλ
ص棬϶вѡģϾǸίԱ飬һЩ£ҲǺְֵλǿԽӽҲǵĺûᣬ˴ͷҲҪȥġ
ֻǺؾԼҪһЩΪҶƽ쵼ǲһ̫ˣʮһίԱίǣʵ̫ˣôʱҪǵһ⣬Ա⡣
еȻŷ㣬쵼δؾͺڼϾЩϵ飬еôϸ£ŮأҪĲһЩ⣬òҲǱҪǵһء
ôһ룬ؾ;¶ôˡ
Ҫ֪쵼˼ͺˡ̾˿
תһ룬⣬¶ȻҶƽǿҶν֪Ī֪ĪӣҶ϶֪ӦøҶƽ䱸ʲô顣
Ǻؾ͸Ҷһ绰Ҷӣίذ
ãҶҶӵصĵ绰Щ졣
ȻίһҲһЩ˽⣬û뵽ί鳤ػͻȻ绰оЩ⡣
ǺǣҶӣԸɡ˵
Ҷתһ룬֪Ҫ˵ʲô¶ˣǾЦ̫ˣҪԷҲǡ
һһ˵ҶƽλӣͦģЩ̫үǣǿ׳죬ţ壬ýӽ
Ҫ˵ҰɣҶֱʵ
ô¶ֻǶ쵼ҪǺҶӦñȽ˽Ҷǵ뷨ָܷһ£ȻЩҶܹ֪뷨ǼȻҶ֪¶͸ˡ
ȻˣҶʱЦˣһº˵Ҫ̫ˣҾðɣŮ˼ȽϸһЩԭѡŮ飬òֻҪӰθھУѧ浱ȻһЩȽϺãܻһǸ㡣ҪǸԷҪһЩͨ˵ʵҪľܰ쵼һЩ󷽱飬˵Ѱ׾ƻɰˮ֮ģ㶮ġ
ףˡҶĻɵЦ
ҶҶٻǸȤˣôһ˵صоˡ
˵绰֮󣬺ؾͿʼҶҪԼĴѡпʼɸѡʵѡ
Ůԣòȥ˼ϸһЩһͨЩʲôΪѵģۺһɹѡѡ治ࡣ
η˼ؽһѵȥ׼ʲô
쵼ѡ顭ؽ¶򵥵˵һ¡
¶ʲôѰģۼСò𣿡η̾һѡ
ʣʡҡͷ
η˵ģǺصСú磬մѧԺ˶ʿоҵҲʣʮ꣬Ըʻãظոհŵίϰ಻µʱ䡣
ظСú֮ʮܾ꣬СûǸӣܲģȻҶƽ飬һǳʲôΪˣ
ʲôʵģη̾ͱʾСѧУʱ궼ŵڴѧѧʱҲǷ˶ʿоѧﰡôõίֵطʲô˼ǵСõǰ;
ίѾܲˣҪʱҵӣΪίô׽ȥԼõ쵼飬ȥҲüͷ˵
Ȼ˵лǿѡݼ쵼Լѡη˵͵ǸСһᣬҶѡˣҲ
ܹίԱ飬ԺȻͲͬˣ޷һȥǼŪӦòɣ
ηôһ˵Ҳе⶯ÿһԡ
Ҷƽ˺зȣҲǸзչǰ;쵼Ҷҵ֧֣һҪ볣ģԼСܹסᣬķչȻзǳİ
ңСҶǵ飬ԼĹչҲкܴı
Ǿ԰ɣȵһСǷԸ⣬һû˼ǰײˣ˵
绰η˳رʾ


203 Ӳ칤
ڶһ磬ҶƽȥӲɳǸ칤
һгţ账һˣƺƵʮš
ֻãеҪĸо
ԴҶ˺ΪеľɳǸ칤¾档λгǱˣǱҶӳȥεĺӵϵгƷҪӺöˣʵ̸Ҳ൱ˮƽ
⻰ȻееζҲǿ͹ۡ
⼸ʮУĳн賤ͣͲǰòѣԾʽŪΪҪĵؿ齫2000ƽס
ΣݵĴڣԼϰվסĸƣʩ谭˳оúķչ
·խͨӵˮ̵ȱúͨѶӦ⣬һֱеĿٷչ
нίзؾۺϿ칫ңеľɷ˵飬˼ĳƬؿ飬365ƽסҶƽǰһƬΣид˵ίĩҪѸ365ƽ׾ɷһɵΪίһʵ죬Ҫȫµòӭ͵ĵΪĳа쵥λǷḶ́
ί¾ˣֻƴ񣡡нίĸͬ־ЦŻش
Ҷƽص˵ͷǰȥ
ʵɳǸϰѾʼнίĸͬ־ֳܱľģǮĹϵܴ
ԭеľɳǸʽһôеľɷ칤ôɳǸһֱССֶѣԺܴ󣬲õĻһּĹģȽСӰ·˼߲㣬󣬲ǳƬġ
£ίǵҶƽȻߣͨʵʩɳǵĲԡ
Ӫƶɳһͻ˼ƻ޳ƶȣӶΪеĽ뷢չＯ˴ʽ
ֶʼ齨оչ⹤ǰҪǸ۵ˣһ¼º̨ġ
һµʱ䣬Ѿ20Ԫ
ʽעؼеľɳǸ죬ǰģľɳǸҪ100ʱ䣬ڿʮ֮ھͿˡ
ǰǸɳСС֣ӽ꿪ʼĸǳɽַƬˡʱһ飬縣·һʱΪ˵ؿ룬ڽСͬʱҪϣ˵Сǿ飬Ҫ󣬰ԭһСĵؿҲǨγһĵؿ顣нίͬ־ҶƽܵǨҲǴģģؿҪǨľ2000໧ҪһԶǨѶҲǱȽϴ⣬ȶǨľ񾡿չǻذᵽԭסأǺǨߵľ񣬾ûô㣬ƴ󲿷ֶҪ׵ذãⷽҲҪ˵ġ
ҶͷЩгֵľ⣬ҪʱǵĸɲҪԤԣܹìŽڿʼѿ״̬Դʲô
гæشгԴʾгïͬ־Լ岿ŵͬ־оǾЩµص㣬бҪרŵĻƶרŵʵʩǨж
뷨ֵùġҶƽʾίо飬ȡ̨ص߷棬һ齨һµĲţⷽ顣
Ǿ̫ˡнίĸͬ־˵Ǩܴӣͬ־ǵѹҲܹ֮Ч߷ָͷˣìҲٺܶࡣ
ҶƽͷʾͬһõĹƶǹ˳չĸ֤ǱȻġ
Ȼʱȫнڴչлʩ죬Ƚϴ󣬹ⷽ߷һЩǵطԵġ߶ԼҲҪһ档
ȫⷽ沢ûһͳһķ棬ԹԺҲƶһ£ͨԼصĲǨʹǨȻĹһҪ֤н裬һҪöǨס档
ɳǸڱУһĹ̡ھ幤УǵĸɲҲҪע⣬ܰĹ̸Ĺ̡ҶƽʾԴȷҪ󣬵һҪкϷǨ֤ҪйŵˡǨ֤ƶʹܹضԲǨʵʩܣڶڰ÷棬涨ʵﰲΪԸΪʽŪķԭСͷ㣬ǨĵطʵӾס
нίĸͬ־ҶƽĻͬʱʾڵĲǨУԹΪҲһЩ˽ǺܶࡣȻʵʩҲҲǿԵģֻǲ۸񲻻̫ߣҲǨ۸Ҳߣͱ֤˾İá
Ҷƽһˣת˺üط
Ӳ쵱УҶƽص϶ܹȽϾȻɲǵĹҲıȽʵ˲٣ӷϺ͸ɲʴУҲܹóеĸɲʣȷʵҪһطĸɲʺõöࡣ
ʱ򣬴һ˹͡
гҶƽʱ򣬱ֵñȽڣͶЧ˼Ȼҡ
ҶƽгǱȽ˽һЩΪҶΣҶƽҲ˵λг飬ӼνӴλгڹϻǺ·ģҲû˵йʲôȽص̰⡣
ʵϵ˸ʡĹԱٶⲻ⣬ǮŮˡϵ磬Щٲ˵ģЩʲô⣬ؼҪţġ
λгСôһЩް֣ص⣬ͻȻû˺̨ԲŻἱͰ͵ҪõҶƽίǵϿɣҪסԼλӣĻһи紵ݶûĺӾΣˡ
ֻҶƽҲַֻܹƬ֮䣬úгȲһЩϣûеõȷ˵һ֮䡣
ҪͶЧտڰ׻ǲеģܵóʵжС
˵ˣгȻȽӰҲǱĴ֮һϾûнίίУ۾Ӱˣʱ벻Ҷƽۣ֮һ߶ֻΪԺ׼ѡ
һٷԵģҵ涼۰
ҶƽóһԺԷǻȥһЩȺȻҲҪǳԷʱҲȺڵĻ֮⣬û̫ĺô
ص˰칫֮󣬾Ϳڰͷһݷϣȴί鳤ظ͹ģµѡĵϡ
һϣŮ϶ʮ£ƶС
Ҷƽ֮󣬾ע⵽еһϡ
磿ҶƽŮĵУҪϵһʱ򣬶ʱüͷ
صĵӵͦģȻԼöŪˣ


204 
ҶҶƽ칫ҵʱ򣬾Ϳżݵо
ʵҶƽİ칫ңҶҲǵһιˣûʲô¶ҶҲԸί߶ܣؼǽ̫ˡ
ΪҶƽĶӣҶȻܹõֻ֤ͨ߶ĸڱȽϸ˳Ǳⲻ˵ģûбҪĻҶǲġ
֮ԹλֶļƤǼƤΪչԼеҵ㡣
¶ƲҶƽģ˹ҪҶƽͨͨȻź÷ȥ飬˵ֶǱ߶Ǻð죬ϸ¶Ϳԣ޷ǾһǮ
ֶԣֻҪǶڻƤ㿪֧ǾͿ̸ġ
ҶȻίǹӵ֣ȴֿװǵˣڵʵȫûбҪôʡʲôԸҶƽɲӰ졣
ҪõأҲѭֶǱ߶ĹأҪͨڱµĹ˾
Ȼˣ˵Ĺ˾Ȼָ極Ĺ˾ʱҲʲôѡ
ϰڿʲôأҶҶƽ﷭ڵЩʵ
ѡ¶鳤ݵҪѡһ˳Ҷƽ˵
ŶѰѹءҶ̾Ȥ
ν飬ϸ쵼ҪнӴģҶȻҲһ£鳤Ҷƽʲôıѡ
ף椶Ҷûз£Ϳ˺Ƭɵÿһ
ҡҶƽһ۵
Ҷ˼˵֮󣬾˵Ǻǣλ鳤ٲܳھٲأӾˣݶȵĹȷʵһܹȵϵġ˵һ䣬λͬ־ȷʵͣϰǿԿһµġ
ֹǳͣմѧԺ˶ʿоҵҲʣʮ꣬ԸʻãҪǲбȽϷḻѧ飬ʵȽͻĳɾͣ˸ǶӢ¡յ
ίԱרְ鶼ûʲô⣬Ҫ˵ʲôˣֱеСõĸо
úʣҶƽʵ
ܺʣΨһȱǳƯһҶͷش
ǲ費ˡҶƽ˵
ѡ飬ֲѡСšҶЦʵڲеĻһˣҲʡ߶
Сӣ߯ࡣҶƽʱЦָҶԴҡҡͷ
ͣһ£ҶƽЩɵʵ㲻˵İɣ
Ҳ޷ȷҶֻ˵˵ѣĶԺ綯ԽҪ֪ί鳤صãزԼίܼңͬʱҲúͬ־áҶİ˼Һ鳤Ҳ֣ǲճġ
ҶƽòǰҶԤ룬СӲҪ
ûж룬ˡҶ仰ˣЩͷԣҶƽ϶׵ġ
Ҷƽ˵ͷָɳʾҶ¡
ҶԼԼ˱ˮ˼ڣȻʵˣ
չＯ10ԪʽھɳǸҲȫ̿ˡҶƽش
ľɳǸΪ˾ʽע룬ŵչǨҪΧУһǾ죬һ裬һֶĿֶĿǹ֮ء
ֶĶǨռǨ֮һࡣ
滮еʹҪ½һֱ𵽻ľ
ǰֶ·ֽƴȥܶ࣬滮еʹʮֱֱƷ֪ǨҪôĹϰպҪΪķ羰߸Ѫ
һҪ񣬾齨Ǩ죬Ǩ
棬֯ϵ˳ˣźÿչ
Ҷƽ뷨Ҫһ֧ȽϾɵ飬֯ǽй߷ѧϰѵѲμӲǨͬ־Ϥصķ棬ôҶ
ȻȥǨ˾䷢Ǩʸ֤ͬʱǨ˾ľԼǵĹԱѵΪţǲֱܹӸǨģʮȷĹ涨ǨҪͨǨ˾ǨԱɡ
𲽳˺ü֧Ǩ飬ÿ֧еؾλתƹȥģеԭסլ齨ģϵͳҲ˶Ǩ飬ҪĶǨ
ȻڿȽϷʱǮǴӳԶľɷӱеľɳǸ졢ʩȥˣˣͨͷˣҲãͶʻҲõơҶƽ˵ԾԣסõƣǰһͤӼҪסˣԺľסռҪԣˣϻǰÿ峿ͰúãҲûеȻǨҪᵽԶĵĵԭĹλھѶܴᷢĸı䣬ͨ㣬С鲻㣬ͥìܿʼЩ޷ġ
Щ鶼ǿԸƵģҾøɲĽ裬ȻҪץšҶҶƽʾͻУ漰ʽ޴󣬺γɸܶ෢
ҶӡУеĻ֮߳󣬿Ƶλ650ңҵ7300ңλ200ңҵԱ160ʩ2ΪԽг
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ȻҶƽ飬ҶȻҪѶע⵽ⷽ⣬һķΧ֮ڣʡֳ֮˸ãɹҶƽ
캫гͶЧ˼ҶƽȻ˵
Ҷ˵ӲͬǸµĸɲҲ̰á鳤г࣬˶ǵͷߣͶЧĻƿеƣ𵽺ܴá
ҲÿǣõĻԿǺúһϾǸʡĸɲ꣬Ҷ˵ҲǲɶõһβƸҶƽͬӵĿ
ҶƽĿԶ󣬴ʱȻ飬ǽ϶Ҫߵģôϵ֧ϵҲҪӿǲУ˺ʵѡȻҪضԴ
̸һ֮Ҷƽ¶˾ģĵ˳Ҷ˵ôˣ
鳤Ȼôг⣬ҶƽȻܺģź鳤ȻұãȻͲĺӦҶƽݶ
һУҪĿԴ


205 ҶƽҪؿ𣿣
ԭ׾ݵľֶʼƶ֮󣬾Ϳʼ
ͳƣѾ˵ʽ𳬹10Ԫл½˵ʽ𣬽ﵽ100Ԫܾ˵һְ
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ȻֻеһӶѣߵƳΪеľɳǸṩʽͬʱҲ˴ĺҵ飬ʼ
ڼ֮ЩҵܴĲܣΪдʲƸѩһеķչʽǿ
гԶɽҶƽʱһЩݱ
ҶƽȿȣԶɽʶ֮ˣ֮;ȵŶڵɽȰⶫѵһ
÷ʱģζҶƽЦ
ԶɽͷҶƽҶóĳ˾ɷ׳פʹ⽻ܡ
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һҶƽеȽģҲԼеڱȽڴϣܹʮ굱УԼãеϰµֵûĺô
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ʱ˵޷ģûģǨ񣬴ؿ䣬ֻһ¡Զɽ˵飬ҲɵЩ꣬ŵ;ǵʱļ֤ΪľģǽһڿӴţʽѷʲô̶ȣľǮ
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˵ʱִŽ赽һڵ㣬гٳٲˣ˲޷飬ǮҲˡƽʱνͬһжԸǵģ˵Ͳһ취ҲûСͬ־һҧ˵ԼǮҲҪ֤ڡԶɽ˵ķ֣˾û˵ִкͬģԺ顣ڶִٴʱеķĹˣнִŴĿΪɹ䷶Ϊһ־̣ë
ЩʱľԣʵʱиĻͬԽʽ⡣Ҷƽ˵Ϊѹ̫ûѡ
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ԶɽҶƽӦ˵ǱȽĵģϾǮгĵ׳࣬ĿչҲ࣬Ǯ˲ſ
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һȺϸɲǣǺǰڹĶġҶƽϢԴҪһЩ˶ӵʻҲЩ޿κε˵
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ңϸɲǣʵҲһǳȺ壬Աû¶ɣһ¹Ҵ£ʾһԼĴڸУҲ쾭ģֻȥĺܶɲǣǻ˳ۣǸͷɧ϶ܶģһи˹ĶܹԹǿӰ쵽ֵ
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Ҷˣȴĥһҡͷֹʱٰ꣡


206 ҶƽĹעһ
Ҷƽϲڵһʱ䣬ͰѷԵѹȥҲϵͳְкܴĹϵ
ҶҲڵһʱֹ뷨ɵҶƽЩ졣
ΪʲôأҶƽʵ
ʱϵԽãɷԵķ糱ҲͻĸӼңû׼ʱγһ൱ǿеĹǳӰ죬ȫ⹤ĻҶƽǰڵĹɾͰ׷ˡ
ôһӰ쵽Ĳеĸĸ￪ŷչƣͬʱҲἫشҶƽĸڵĵλ½гֵΣա
ҵĿպ෴ҶԸ˵ԵҪǳ𣬱źһЩҪ֪㲻һսһȥģҲֲϰ㰡
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ҲҶ˵ĻûһսҶҿʼһȺйͬĿļǿܣҪ˵ͬ־λȻעеķչ
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ҲҶƽڹη𽥻ָͬʱʹϵΪػңҪ¶λĹؼʱ̣ôߣԵˮˡ
¶ȻҲһЩ谭Ѿˡ
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ҶƽȥĻʽɫ̫Ũˣʣһ̸ĲͶǺпܾһҶԿĿʼҶӧˣȥһƺӣΪϰҶƽ䵱ȷ棬̽һ̽ϳҵķͷơ
ҲãүϲԵĽСԣŶһЩѾͷҲһЩ˼Ǳ߶ϲΰ顣ҶƽҶȥǸİ취Ǿһͨ
Ҷͷνֲˣѳүһ˸סˣȻͼ֮ԻǷǳõģԭϰҶƽԴҲо
ҶƽȻ̾˿ȻнҵУôۻܵչУţǲеġ
Ҷƽͽеķǿҵȡ˰ɳлۣ·вͨģָϽ˰ԴнһַչʽҲûпܡ
ʵе쵼ڰ飬ǵ֮󣬻ǵ˹ԺӣҲΪ쵼Ŀԡ
ʮе쵼ͳԹ벿ί˴¿ˮ𿴹䵽ϵǮȴǣеֽϸ̲ţеǽĲģҪӦǮµǮܷǮֵܵĻǮûмҿָϣȫܹôֻлٰһëĿԶûа
֮ǰծ裬ܻ֮ޣУ1ź2򷨵ծ˵еĵӪǿģ豸ȴǵ¹˭Ҳ׸Ǯ·ڵǱ͸ʿףһ۾Ϳõͷˡ
԰Ҷƽǰģ¾ɲ·ͨѽ̱ծƽ˵ˣ87Ϊ10ԪĻʼ㣬Ҳ50ңÿƽʮҡ
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òעһֻܸ⣬Եơ
ǰζӣһдϣи̶̨˵⳵˾˵˾ֻϾ·ϾҲóȥڣ˵ҲԸϾ·ͶʽƵ̳ҵҶƽҶ˵ֻɼᶨҵģΣеĻƽǲģҲܷŹûᣬãϿɹ̲ݣҪ飬ǰоӪɻƽǣãȡüǮڳɰܣǺ󻰣ܲڱڵɣ
İϰ֣ⲻǹעһǸհԶҶԴ˵ʮ㣬еķչһһԻĿġʵһǳʵ磬ȵ˳ɼеĲԣʱͶɳӢΰԴˡ
Ӣΰҵû볣˼϶еġҶƽ˶ӵĻɵЦڵ뷨ϣܹнãҵ棬ָܹյĶǽĵλܹ쵽飬ҲİˣԺȥδӣȫƾ
ҶЦЦ˵ϰҲܿķǰҲǰѽΣֻϲ˵ԼӵǰҲôʵء
ҲףеķչԴҶƽ֮󣬾Ѿ޷ֵˣУڼ֮󣬽޿سΪ͹ǵһ顣


207 㵱ǶǳԻô
Ҷ֮ǰҶƽѾɴ˵绰
Ȼˣڵ绰棬Ҷƽû˵ҶǴȥϳҰݷõģֻ˵һЩӴĿռ䣬ʲôģͬʱ˵߶ķζСԣһЩү͹ȥ
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С˼ǵصĽϷζСԣüԭ֭ɵľ࣬Լ͸ϡԼʱļгСװ̣ʢڣϴСĩͼͣд̣ɫ׹Ŀʳ
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ҶһδŹ⣬ǽۡۡۡһɽŹǱ棬졣
Źɫƣִۣ࣬ɽ콴͡Źһ潴Ŵз㣬ζʿڡ
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治ɫسԵŹǣֺһСС˼࣬ƺãҶıҲղ˻ҩζ
ҶʳΪ죬仰ȻеģҪһŮ˵ģȾҪθ
˼֮䣬үҲЩµҶЩϵ棬ٵϸʵƷţƺ˵ڽʱ龰Щҡ
ȵҳԱ֮󣬳ү˼ƷۣòƮʱ򣬳үӺȻָҶıӣ˵һңǶ˹ĲʽһŮǽϵķζСԣѵ˵Ҷٵ棬ϳһӣǳԻɣ
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һ룬ƺԼÿһιȷʵǸʳѲϵѹֳүӽԱ֮ҪԼˣ


208 ȷ°ɣ
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˵ϳ¼ҲãϷҲգЩǸүӹϵĴ壬ΪҶĲ̨֣ҵúܲʣ˵ѣҵٲҡ
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һʱˣҲиģοϳ¼ҺϷҸųүӵĺ棬ҡźһӡ
үҵ㣬ʵҶЩ͵ԵľͱʾϳҶǳԻ˵ô˵أҲе
ûҶ̾ҡͷϵֱʾǳԻҲûʲôϵɣԻʳᾫڲϸʥ˶ǳԻһôף˵ˣѵʳΪ
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ֻôʯҶǴŪģǳƷĻڹгҲӦʢŶԣܴû˵
滹ŶҶûлش⣬Ц˵
涨˶񣬽ϲĺ𣬹Ȼ滹и㡣
Ȼһ챦ʯһ˫һס
滹СҶ˵
ޱؽҿһ㣬̾ʹסˡ
˵θԾһ㵱УûʲôƷһڶϵͺ챦ʯʯȣһ㡣
˵Ҳ̫ʣΪÿһʯĴС㶹СϣѾӹõģлһЩ뵰СģмӹģҲûмӹģͱʯУĿĹʣͺһ㡣
˺ôŴЩʯнעջӸסȻҶ˵ոմʯУ
ȲŹ֣ԵɨϼۣСܹжһʯ鱦ļֵԪ֮ˣ
ϳǮ٣Ҳûݳ޵ỰԪȥһˡ
ǣҶôˣ
Ҽˡ濴үүһۣЦ˵
٣ȥȥɣǲүӺߺ˰ֵ
С㱧ľӣ¥ȥˣߵʱҶļ򣬡ôгϣСͲΪˡ
ҶݸһЦ˵һε˼ֵһξͰѳСˣϳһԶͬһɢһүӣֵ
汧ź¥үҲûвˣֻҡҡͷСӻ¸˵ıȴѵá
ˡҶǫ
һԣеΣ˼һֻɫİͷϣʱү鲻ŴӹİгһϳݸҶ
ҶЩؽӹֿۣһۣյдϢŵ˵ͷתԳү˵үүеҪĿ
ʲô飬ô¡أүҲЩ档
˵ִƾϵͳнζʲô鲻ܵү˵ʱҶȻЩĿġ
ֻ¼ϣǸ鲿ƽйϵݣҺܶط漰Ķ鱨ؼһ㣬¶ҲҶͱģʱҶ˳糵үӣҲҪʾһҶҶ֮еҪλ
ܹҶ̬ȵ¶ҪãôҶӴЩأ
ȻүϿһӣ͵ͷ˵û뵽û뵽ϼҲǷһӣͷҲΪŮ֮ǣۣŮĽһҲܷɰ
пһ֮󣬳үӾ˵Ȼƽкܶ⣬ǸôŪôŪˣү׵ġ
ǡͷӦ
үֶҶ˵ԶٷģղŴҶĶʱҲװʲôˣҿˡ㲻ϳ̫Сٷ԰ɣ
ǵڡҶЦ˵ֻҪŮ޸ҾУĺ
Сӣ٣үҡҡͷʲô¶𣿡
үʹˣ͵ʱҲƣû飬ԼϢȥˡ
ȷʵһ飬Ҫүӻ㱨һ¡Ҷʾ
ŶӦһιĿİɣүӻ
ţӴҶЦŻش
һأҶϣһЩȽҪݺͶԱ֮Ķү߶һȻְĹү˼ҪĽܡ
үñȽϸϣ廰Ƚ϶ࡣ
ҶҲǳģټҶƽļУԴ˵Ҳǳ꾡ʱش𣬾ܵؽ
̸ѾΪд˳ʮԪĽˣеľɳǸ칤Ѿȫ̿ĺܶҵҲʼ׷׻عʱ򣬳үѵõص˵ͷ㸸Ҷƽȷʵһµˡ
ллүӿ佱Ҷ˵˼ϰһ䰡治ס
Щϣȷ°ɡүӶҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ˵һεļ棬ǱȽϳɹģȻүӿϽЩ£Ҳ˵үӶҶƽչ⹤ҲǱȿЧȻٽ۵ıؿ
Ȼˣô߲̬ȣͻϲĲˡ


209 Զ
ҶڳҲûд೤ʱ䣬̸֮ˡ
վ¥¶̨棬Ҷĳ뿪˵ʲôо
ҶٸĸоȽϸӴǰӡеḡޱȣСٵڵĪ⣬ܹµĸ
վڳܹҵķƺҲ
˶ˣʲôأŮɺȻ˹վŮ˵
˼ɹ̫ء˵Ųϳ϶ҶȤ
ӡУ飬ʵеĸоȫͲʱĻϵӦǼԲǵģϧǣүӻ̫ʢƺԼûʲôȨ
ڼνӴ֮󣬳ͷҶ˺˼Բĵ
Ҷʲô˳Щʵ
㡣ش
үүҪءЦ
Ҳǣҵ˽Ʒʾ
Ǻǣû˵ƺºܸߡ
ʵϣҶ飬ɸտʼʱҲǺܿãԭ¶վģû뵽ڷ·תƺŮеⷽ뷨ˣ׵ģȴЩûʧˡ
ҶүӺҶƽɾŻӦûʲô⣬ҶССһЩ˵ԸûȶҲöǷֵڴļ
ڴӸҶ˼ܣıԶֶθȷʵѵһһȺүӵǰ࣬Ƕ治һˡ
ҶѾȫϳɵ׼ֻǳҲеģǷܹס
ڿƺеǺء
ǺǸĿôˣʵ
ָģȻҶΪϵģںиǸܸͲص飬Ѿȫȫ̵̯̿ĺܴʮڵͶĿ
ܲҺܻܹջȫĴĿܹǴҵ롣ᵽ¶ǿ϶һʵҾãܹʮԪͶʣ﹫˾ĹȨЧһЩĿķչǰǳãǰ;
ܸͲأʱķչȫĸݣÿһ춼ڷű仯˾ӵĶԴԴһֱȴûзгκήļ
һ仰˵˾ǽһҲδؾܹȫܸͲг
ɳһ֮󣬾ͶԳ˵ΪҵĴҵߣҲԼԭ򣬱ءϣ׬ǮĿܶܶ࣬ǲܲ뵽ÿһĿУǵԭ򣬾ѡЩֵͶʵĿȥͶʣľӪĿǵĿ꣬ҪάֵĽеӪԼĿ꣬ҽͶʷտһԿƵķΧ֮ڡԣͶʻȨ飬ǿʼʱйЭ飬Ļǲ迼ǵΪáһףͻӰ쵽ǵ
֮󣬵˵ͷɵ뷨еҵշŴֱӵͶʲǲܸ㣬ǾӪ沢еҵҷҲԤ
뷨Ӧ˵ҲûдֻǳδЩ̫ˡ
ڵȻڵҵܺǽ迪ĺ֮㣬˻˺٣ѹҲСҲܿͻӭǴӳԶķп϶гġ
һǿн룬ǴʱʵǴҵԱʺͷڵҵǶ֣ôеˡ
ãӦý۹ŵøԶһЩ
뷨ҲŮ֮Ҳ˳˼֮С
ʵҲܹŮ뷨뷨еʹͶ˵˼
νʹͶһָǮԸҵͶʵĹ˾˶ԽʹͶߣǸײĿҲʹͶʴĿһʽ͸ΧƻظԤԸ
ʹͶһԴŦԼϻ㣬ָ˳һЩݳĹΪЩԱ˵Щ߾ʹһǵΪʵ
ʹͶʱΪһֶԸ߷գҵͶʡ
ӦأЩͶʵĸ˾ͱΪͶʹҵʹʹͶߡ
뷨ͺһʹͶ˵˼Գ֮󣬾еڿǷӦ֧Ůľ
һʹͶ˵Ļ治ܸ̫ʽһڣеǧҪ󻹻ġһ֮ھ
ŮĶ뷨ɿ϶Ҫʾһֵ֧ģ¶ķҲȽϴԳҲüǮóӻԱһأָĿڻչ˳С뷨ֱ˿ֵܻľ޶ͬʱҲܹóµʱ򣬶һЩǣһЩ档
һڰ濼һ֮˵Ӧÿ԰ɡ
Ȼ־Ŀв࣬ϾǼԼĵһʿ֧ʽԳ滹ǱȽϸ˵ġ
ʵ֮Ի뷨ҪĻΪڸҶӴĹУľһЩ仯
Ҫ֪ΧҶߵЩŮˣǹϵŵ楣ǹϵŵҵСȻоϵƣôܲʲôɼרǰأ
ĻԼҶУǳҴСȥȽϷ֮⣬ʲôֵܹÿҫںأ
϶ǲܹԼ䵽µľģҪһᣬ֤Լʵ֤Լ׿ı֮Ҳһǳ˲š
֪֮䣬֮ġ
Ҳ֪ǸںչȣǸ齨軪ϵȣʵ˺ܶ࣬˿ûо٣ϾλͶҪü꣬ǷչʱҲһЩ޷ϵʵ
СȫţԼʽ֮ȫƾԼĳ۹⣬ʼͶһЩչǰõĲҵڶʱڽԼʱǿ
ʱĻԽ楺Ҳʲô顣
һҪҶϳҵŮͬҲܹԼŬɳΪýһòǽܹڼ֮£һֻ֪ԺֵС
Ҷ֪һֱ仯ĻΪԺҶٵ޷ֵСҲʼӽ԰εıԵˣ
ҶҲ˲Щ飬ӳү뿪֮󣬾ͱ˾鲿߶ҲһЩȽе飬Ҫ˵һ˵
˼ҵʲôҪ˵أҶȴǾЩ죬ΪʲôҪһҪһȥүʱҪ鲿Ҷһͷˮ
ݿɿϢ˿㸸ףһЩֽšĻһڣҶ޷ˡ


210 ۲鷳
ŶҶˣȻЩԾ
ʵ˵ҶƽȻվ˽ŸҪ˵ȫûҲǲܵġ
ھһϸɲǣڱĶţҪҶƽ߽˳
ͷȻѲҲġҶ⣬˵˵ҪеĹƱгһ㸸׵Ĩڡ
ŶҶ˵ͷ
ܺ飬ΪҲ֪ǵŵʲôϡҶƺЩ⣬Ͷǿ
ûв⡣Ҷͷڷǿܴʲôطء
š˵ͷʾ⡣
Ҷĥһо˼ƽϣȥ߶⹤ոչûб¶ʲôίİҲϸ£Ƴ˶ӡֻǹ߶ŹƱϹ֤飬˻ⷽ涯Խ
ˣ۾ʱһͷôһ˵Ҳˡ
ȻԷı㷽򣬵ϵͳܸ˵ݣҲǰ׵ģͨ鱨ܣһŻǿԵģԲ鵽ЩڶжԽ
УУУƽղصȵȣƲҵ˲ҵҲӦñӪϴʮ֮ãҲкܶʸӵ
֤ȯǰв˾ҵ񲿺󣬾дϳҺ³Ƿӵж˵Ƿǳǿ
86ؿУλ׵ʦСڰд۸СתСϰ˹ɣߴһ̨ĵ𣬼ӹ۸еǸɻġ
ؿеҪľǺͬ־
Ϊе³֣Ϊǰ괺ļ±䡣
±ʷ壬ʱԽֻԽ
Ǽ鷢Ժ󣬹ڸ߲Ҳʶ˼۸˫ƴı׶˺أʼ룬Ȼûȷ˵ģʽȴʼᶨתͻȻгֵ֤ȯгʵһݿö˵顣
ȻеĹƱгѾСйģǱȽеĹйģһЩҲûг¶ġ
ֻǵʱЩ죬ú˿˶ò˼顣
ȥϰ˹ʱΪٳͷͶ߿ʼƱǩţھݷųǩʱȻ˲̤¼˴¡
źţϾͿʼŶӣϾʧˣҪƵ˺ۣҪ˵ǣͷˣȲסû볡˳
췽ҹţ̽ѱ̫֮ǰ˺ţʧӰ١
ϢǴ˾ǣܿ͵С
ʱǵķǺܽŵģʢʱڣҪһЩĳпȻг飬ֱ˯һͷ̾ͷɵ飬ĦȭƣһͻȻϮ
أ췽һڷϣĵرʾ޾ºͲ̤˵Ķ¼һ޹ذףʾ˱˱Ȼƽˡ
ҲǳصģˣֱɱҽԺҽԺԱץ˸Σ־ʱû뵽ԱǾȻͬرʾԼû³Ͽ˵ģʲôƱ޹ϵ
ʱãԼ͸˺İ׷һһĨڡ
ûбץסѱؼеϰо򣬷ֵƣ췽ҪչҵϰҪƣطҪƽܱסƱгһҪס磬ȻܹŽһˡ
췽ʱٻã϶ƽ̫οԱԱǸж֮ҪҲֻŶѣ׷ԸȻûиԼδǮ;ȥˡ
£ֻг˶˶顣
ҲˣЩȷʵȥϹ֤¼ԱҪһ֮ġҶ˵
Ҷ֮ͷҲ¶е鷳
һЩںͬ־ϳ˿һҪҶƽֻӣ϶ҪɴµģһϹ֤ʱ򣬳һӣ¶治ð졣
Ϲ֤˵츻˶ľ֮30ԪһţԸƱʽУܶ˵ս300ԪѧÿµҲʮԪӡ
ôһ֤ǩǮܶʵ᲻ûǮ
ǻ仰˵һŵϹ֤һ涼50£ʱҵ涼ûʲôǮܳ3000ԪһţټԺϹƱ϶Сķ룬ڽǮģǿ϶ϰ˹ɺ͹ȯ¼ģһû
ǵ׹רҵʿʹֻ5ţ10ŵͨˣ̹Ǿģʮͨ˾ʹ˷˲ơ
鶢飬ƶҲΪвƸ񻰵Ĵ̼
ƾʲôǾô׬Ǯڵ۶ûĻأ
Ϊȥ飬ԽЩ˾ĿԣǷǳġ
ͬ־µ鷳¶ȴøβҶҡҡͷҲûоǶ顣
ֻҪǰϰҶƽкһ¾ˣֻҪʲô飬˵̤¹ʵȵȣͲʲô
ΨһҪĵģԭЩˣпܳһǵһǣǰǱеȺ֤ݳ֣Ҫһġ
¶򵥣ǿ˳ϣȿЩѾ뾩ˣǱ߶صǵټɡȴǲŲæ
׷ʲôģ鲿ǳ˳֣ؼǻܲĲţЩȥУܲǽϵֻҪһϵͻĶĿ֮С
ʵϸĻƶЩȥУҲܶؾ۾
ֻǾϵͳ㣬״ݾߡ
ðɣϣ¿˳˵ⶼǺ۲鷳¶ҶЦ
΢΢һЦȴֶҶ˵һ鲻СҲҪ˵һ
ʲô飿Ҷʵ
ͨ˾ŪЩʯ鱦ͨ۵ϴ¶Ǳ۵ˣҪµСһЩɡҶ
Ŷ¶һעġҶͷʾ֪ˣԺһữΪ㣬¶һЩ
۵ʵǺܲģҵƵľޱȷḻڷϴǮĹֵÿ϶ҪǵĶĿ¶ȷʵȽࡣ
ҶҲвٵĺð취ӦǣŵȵҶǭ¿ʱ򣬷˽ĻƽʱҲ͸ùȥˣʱҲνˡ
ãΪϵͳͷڱţҶ鱨ϢкܴƣˣЩʱĻ鷳ġ
Ͼǹ׶㣬ѷ̳Ϻ͹ٳ϶˰
ȥۺתһȦǡҶ¶ͶԿ˵


211 а
˵ʵڵģûʲô飬ҶĲȥۺתơ
ƺÿһȥۺֲһ鷳¶ۺİֶԸ˵Ҳ֣ۺ˵ϣȴ¡ҵϡ
²·Ͼ뿪ˡ
ϾʣҶͷ׵ˡ
ӿ˵ۺʱ߶ĵʱ֣ǵҹûпʼۺ߶ҲֻΧһЩҵӪҵ󲿷ְš
ʹſˣҶĳӿ˹š
Ҷ³֮󣬾͸֣Ц˵ˡ
̸ʲô࣬춼ǻƵصġЦŻش
ϰ߾ͺáҶ˵
ŵʱҶͷһЩȽرı仯ȻʱۺûпʼӪҵǷԱѾʼ׼ټԵԱѵ
ǡƷջ󰡡Ҷ˷Աǵ֮󣬶ʱ;ˡ
ۺŮԱٶˣʱȻղͬķ򣬷ֱҽʿװʦװŮװԼŮƤȹװȵȣһЩǰ£ŮɺŮװȵȣҶģǶȹѧװ
پΣҶеſڽӣѯʵ
Ҷһ֮󣬾ͻָˣͷʾоͦõģǺ뷨ǵķӦΣ
飬Ƴش
ǺǣͺáǸҵģǵһּҶͷʾ
һ㣬Ҫٻ㱨һ¡ֱʾڵۺãţԱ߶ҲԵۺжοѾĽΪͨߵӪҵ
˵ţͰԼĸĽƻ˳ҶĿ
Ҷһ֮󣬾ͷļƻУͨѳĹɣҪǱɵϰģʽҪصǹ󣬼Ա߶ľˮԼСʲôģҵƽס
ҲҺ񣬷ĻƤĻѣҶͷˡ
ҹ갡Ҷ˿˼ƻ顣
û뵽ֲҵһУҲܹķˮԭֻϣۺܹ˿չ鱨ṩʽϣû뵽ȻٰܹԶԶԤڡ
з簡Ҷ˵˴ĵظǷйطע⣿
Ҷܻó̫ڻᾪֵһˣǾгίǣʱһ¿ʼɨƴǣۺɾҪٹŴ󼪵³ˡ
Ȼ˵ССֳڴУǾȱľû¶ϸɲǣһͻȻȤпܶԵۺɳصĴ
֮ǰĵۺܹȥҪǹ͵濴ʲôȴߵڵӣȫߵݻ·ߣҶܵ˵Ĺע
ǲᡣ̾ͱʾͨĽʵҲΪ˸ۺڻֻҵעŻᱻͨȥǵͨ棬ûпʲôϷ⣬ס顣
Ҷ֮̾ԼʣֻͨĻôôˣ
һҹ꣬˴֮⣬ҪкܶͷᣬɧŮһˣҲйĳǳ˶˶飿ĳӣ϶޷ŮŮǵĹ˵ģ汾ȱݡ
⼸ҳӵΧչ˺ܴһƬĲҵĽɵβͬľƵùݣȻ⡣ЦŻشʱЩϸ޹صľƵùݣܹӺܴˡ
Ҷʱǰһúܡ
ԾԼ𣬱շ
׷εʱ򣬾Ƶùݿ϶ֱˣҹ߶ûֱӵ鷸ھУȻͲʲô֢ˡ
Ҫһ㣬ֻҪҹڣΧùݺ;ƵͲûڴҵΥɱȽϵ͵£¥ӪȻǰͺ̣ⲻȥ
ҶŵȻǶǳ͡
ҪͶ̽磬ҲһλͷҶ˵
ٿ佱ˡЦŻشֻöͷϵԴصһ¶ѣҪԼȥңðôĲҵȴڵˡ
Ҷ˵ͷô˵ĲеҪǿ̫ˡ
ֱʹΪۺҲ൱Եģټ³ӣԼ¥棬ڵĵۺĳƵսÿĴ붼һ
ô۳һЩҪĻѣۺÿٶܹϡ
˴һ룬㹻ھǿչ鱨ãһкܶĽࡣ
˵˵ĴչԶҶԤϡ
鱨ˣϾҵͷԣǸóڷܽᵽֵ鱨ϣҴеóȷĽۣбȽִǾ͸ˡ
ҶۺӲ죬ҪǵǾӪƣڿȫǶģ˵֮󣬵ۺˣҶȫĵͶ뵽档
˵ҪǷڹעǵĴŵĶ̬ϡ
ֻиķ꣬Ҷܹ׼ȷذסҵη򣬴ӶΪϰҶƽִṩŵĲο
ҶүӺͶүȻҪأλȨأȴǲ󷽱ȥģξҶļͷҶֺ˳ֵؽҪ񽻸ȥ
߶ҪҵĶҲһ꾡ϡ˰칫֮ͽڵ鱨ܵ˹
ôҺȱˮҶЦ˵
΢΢һЦԱ߶˷ԸȥŪˮ
ôвˮ𣿡ҶЩʵ
͵ǵµֵǺѾK32˷ܼ˳
ԭΪսսǰʹһЩֶΣ˵սʱսǰ֯󵶶ӣԬͷ̼֮⣬ǴվƼѻƬԺҿԴ󷢣һһӣսܹ
ڣȻͲʹôֶˣֿͬõ˷ֻܼЩ˷ܼٶһЩá
˵K32˷ܼҲǾƳһֻ֣˷ܼҩЧʱ϶ֻ̣һСʱҪھ񿺷ܣߵȷ棬ʺҹѵЩˣŵ㣬Ƕĸ÷ǳ΢Сʱֻþ͸֧Ҫ˯ѡ
˷ܼھ岻󣬿˵Ǽ߲ƷǶԣͺмֵˣҹвK32˷ܼȡݵ̬ȡ
аҶˣҡҡͷǧҪŪͺá
ġʾK32Сʱͳ׻ӷˣڿлӷĸ죬ûвúܡ
ҶͷһЩǿԿֱתΪõģǺбصĿгӲȵȣǾںҵõģȴҲн塣


212 
ںǱ߶ڵͦġҶ˵
ԴӵίԺ󣬺ڿںдչȭˣҲǸеԼʱղ࣬Ҳûʲô˼ˣӪе֮󣬾ͿʼúүӵӰǧټƵطչС
Ҳ·ˡҶ˵ʡ֮ףܹúõذգʡңңڣҪ˵볣˼
ҶǶҪ꣬ڲϵʡ볣١ҡҡͷȻЩΪȻ
˵ҶǣȻָҶƽҶƽʮһ͵֣ΪίԱίǣҲҶҵҫ
Ͱ׵·չʮһ볣Ϊ쵼ˣҲʮѣ˵ΪҪݵ쵼ˡ
һҲȽϴ󣬱ʮŽгίУҶƽҪˣ϶ǲʵģҲڣĿܣҶƽгί棬á
ȻҪϴġ
ǺҪ볣ͲҶƽͰࡣ
Ѿʮ꣬һθʡ꣬ʡֵ꣬ҲԲϾͬ־ܶ࣬Ҫ֣Ӧʮ֮ˣʮίԱҪʮ볣΢΢ʹһЩֶĿꡣ
ҶӡУʱүѾΪ볣ڱ˵ߥ£жһ¶ס˰ѱҲʡ͵ĵƣȻ˺ıɱڵĹڽǰ;١
үֻҪֿ϶ûģ볣ҲϣǺүһˣȥ¥գ鲻ڣҲ˵ˣǲġҶ˵
ôҪƺһѣϺίǵλӣЩʵ
ˡҶǺһЦ
ʵλôǺܶġ
һ㣬ͨ飬ҶҵһλʡĸɲΪгԼɹز˺
ΣǽᣬҶﻮģִеܸͲĻں̿źдչòĻᣬõһοǰķչᣬѾܹԵľЧ档
ȻǴӸӳԶľòүӸҶȻһ¶ԶԶ̸϶һεĺҲǽССĹֺλٻὫүʱ£ԼһռȥһҪλãҲʡҶûкʵλѡ֮ǰζȥôҪְ
ӲõʱҪŷţס˱˵·ǸԼ·Ҷ˵
ԭ棬ô˵֮Щس޵
˵˺У˵˺ڵʡҲһ
ЩʡǶʡķչȽϳٻΪ֮һƬϹҵأʡĹҵǺܺʵģЩطչӴĹ󷴵ǳ˸صһ
Щķչͬ˳ĺһƬģĶʡⷽҲ˺ܶ⡣
Ϊ󸺵صԭ򣬺ܶ೧Ѿ˹¿ĹǣеĵӴһЩ׵ֱ˳ȥȥϷչеĵӲһЩͱŹڱЩСڣЩûеû·ģֻӣϣҵһܹؼԻ͡
ںһطչУҪڶʡ찡Ȼ˵
Ϊʲôô˵ҶЩֵطʵ
Ҷ뷨ԽĵطչǱҲԽ
Ϊһ־쵼λõ쵼ɲսôܹһ֣߳ǽ̻Ի͵ĸ߸߽Σ
ʡЩһЩĻ㲻֪ҡҡͷҶ˵
˵͵ɨäˡҶЦ
˵սʱ㿴ʱκһڹҵͲҵֵףע⵽һ仰ҵĹҵҪϺƫһءҶ˵ƫһʲô˼ǶԶƺһ¶мģ
ŶҶ˶ʱһ㶣¶ȷʵһЩΡ
ǰڶʡĹע٣ֻǾڵ꽨֮ĵһ˽ѡġˡ֡ӡУʡҪһҪʳء
еĻǶļˣϲʲôġ
˵ʲôûע
ڵʱṤҵĻأռȫṤҵ35ҡʱĶ׼ȷ˵ʡȴѵʱȫعҵĲ˽߳ɡУϵҪƷֲġƷ͡ȸǸߴ˳ϣԭúڹֹͶʢеĲҵΪи˳͸ʱ޿ƥе¶úʡȻռ55ķݶҶ˵
ҵ治֪Ҷʾ
һᵽϹҵأ˻оٳһѳУؽеعҵȣЩиʲôҵأܳƵֹҵءҶ˵ʱϸߺţΪʲôʸһ棬Ҫʵǿ̫ھııμеȺڶչʾʲôϰó޻ӣϰóǻ𳵺ͻҪȤĻȥϽǵĻ¼ϴܶ꣬żƬĸѹܼ·֪ʲôйҵﻹᵽĺУеʱձڴ½սԻأʩãҵʤǹڵĳ͹㵺
͹㵺Ǳ˵ԭӵըطҶ˵
ͶԭӵҲǾ˷֤ģΪ㵺ͳ飬ǵʱձǳҪعҵغ;»أҲձսмдҪʻʱֻдݻǣܶΪԵ쳣ײеձһ׳нͶ
ӵʱеĹҵʤ͹㵺ʵĻҶžܹᵽʱʡعҵҪλˡ
սʱǹҲǱõػأԭҲܹ֪˵Ľ¡˵˭˵һ仰˵սСƳƳġǣԭǣս۵ʤɽСƳͺеĴڵΪʲô˰Ѻɾȥأ
ΪʲôҶҲܺʵ
ٺ٣Ϊ̫潲һ仰˵½ͶȻֳءش
ҶԴʱ׹ˣԭ֢ǳﰡ
Ȼ˽⣬Ҳ֪˶ԹǶӰǳ󣬽ǰ½ʢţʵ˵ķֲģ߶ϸҲ˵ߥ£һҪһȻΪʮ˹͹
ΪԭԲдӽʮ뽮ɽ飬һҲѸٱѹʡҲΪ飬Ԫһֱô
ڹûзչ֮ǰѹƶķչȫбҪġ
ϵ飬ʵ̫ˡҶͨЩ飬Ҳɵ̾˿


213 ԶԤ
ʵ˵ʮΪϽ˰գ˵׼ȷ˵ĵһӦʡΪһΪҽ˰ģʡڻֳȥ˼ƻеλǣ֣ɺȣΪ͵һŰ˰꣬ȫϽ˰յǰʮУĸʡ
ŶҶ˵ͷ
ҶȻ˽⣬֪ڸĸڣص˰ȷʵһ
˵ʡֵѾﵽʡ70Ͻ˰֮٣ȴֻúˡ
ͬʡͽУʱĶѾԳչ󾢵Ĳ㣬ȫ󲿷ֵԣҵ豸ϻҵ٣ҷչʽȱ
ҵ˰ʮڹҵ
ʮں󣬰ѵʱúǮȫְģϽȴһûм٣ͬʱڵ׸˰ȫˣҴܶ࣬ǽ¯󣬿νǷޡ
ڶʮ֮ڣʡصֵĻãԺǰ;ҲǺ˵ҪʡȽϴĳɼѺѡһۡ
Ҷ֮󣬾Щ˼
˵үҲ൱ԪϼˣôܰѶӷŵȥ
Ȼʡķչ϶ԶԶڸʡôʡķչ϶٣ܹԸʡΪʡԱû㹻Ϊ֧ţҪ볣˵ҲԶԶ
˵ǰүӣ˵һĵ䷶
һ仰֮겻׼ؾǳ׿ǰŮ
Ҷתһ룬־ûߺүҲǴģҷչĿ꣬ǽԴأ򵥵˵Ǵ֣ܹϽߣ߾һ֣Ҳпʵ֡
ʵеʡҲ֮ͬ
ʱΪͬ־ͺͬ־λ߳ĴУѾ˾߲㣬ͬ־еķչҲʾ˺ܴĹģв˶ηչ
˵ҶƽҶУǽֿƶ˼¡
֮£е޿ɵ
£ȷʵûܹͻ򡣡ҶЩп˵չطȻְܣû˷֣ȵǰ£ٴͣҲܴ漣ͱ˵ʡôú̿ôǱװ׵ô
ͷ˵ҶȥУ֮ʣϸƽ֮˵Ҳǳ׼нΪھÿΨһص㡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻûи󣬸ҶƽУʵҶֱʡ
һ˾еƣоһ¸ҵľö򣬾˵˹Ϸֵ顣
¶ȻҸүжٷǵϣͺ˵ˡҶԴ˱ʾһǡ
үǶ㻹ǷǳӵģӦòᵱԷ硣ʾ
ϣˡҶش
ϻؼҵʱҶͼ˶үӣҶү»ûܻ
үӼҶʱ򣬱ֵķǳˣ⿪һƿھơ
˵ҲˣҶһˣںȾ棬ԷھΪę́Ǻȥȡ
ҸΪھƸʺϱ档үӺ֮ɫԵЩ죬Ҷ˵
Ҷ˵ȵԾƣʵҲ
ѾʮһµѮ߶䣬ɳ󣬵¶ҲͣȾȷʵǲ˵Ȼˣʵֻһڶѡ
Һ˵꿪Ĺϣõľę́ƣҶȻ뵽飬ɵү֤
飬һǵ´ԣ˵˵1935ę́ʱȺę́ӭսʿę́Ʋϴ˿ڣֹʹף˿кӣʱ˵ʱȱҽҩһѡ
˵1949ĩǭʡһţ磬ҪǭʡʡίʻίҪȷִеĹҵߣę́Ƴ豸
˵ǰҹę́ƾͽ˴ڣ͹ĿԪѫԴ˻Ϊء籨䵱ĿһھǷУӳʦѡ񵽲˵Ʒ󶨣Ϊę́ˣˣΪϴę́ڳΪ͹Ŀϲơ
үˣҡҡͷԶﴫˣã±Ч֮飬֪˲٣ֻϲę́ģҲûԸ˵ˣ
Ŷ滹ʲô˵ɣҶЩʵ
þƵѡȻǹƣ52һȫƻᣬ׾ĴǷھơę́ϽƺơʱĴУھƳǧ˵ƻδָݻûţę́үӶҶ˵ę́19502£̾ݵ˻кüǧֱ7˲Ż𣬶ҵʱę́ƵĸѾܾͣˡʱھƵķһ࣬㹻ʱ֯ھ棬ھƲؾ뾩ǽϣھƵ֪Ȳڱͯңָӻָǧġ
ʱйʾ統еˮһù̾һôǰ̣вԣùģùѾơ˾ơơǫ̛ԣ˾ƵİءǲľơԾƣ÷ھơһдǹԼأмŻʧͼܶ硣ү˵
үүô֪ôĪǵʱڴ°ࣿҶˣЩֵʵ
ƨүˣʱӵۡ
ʱ򣬶үҲǶʮѣȻ˵ʮͲμӸˣǵʱĵڵλϱȽϳҲһݶ˾ļɣȴҲûҶ˵ģ䵽°ȥ
Ȼˣ֮󣬹ڵĸ߲쵼Ϸ˾Ӷ࣬ζʺϷ˵ę́Ȼ۱ǣͱ˹ˡ
ǺܳĶ˵ƣƣ˵ǣͲˣǵһ仰飬ѵ֮ܳɰүҡҡͷЩΪȻ˵
ǺǡҶ˶ʱһЦˣǰһ˵飬̸֪ˣ
ʲô¶үӷʵ
ǷֵҶ˵
ŶǼ鰡ү¶̸Ѿ̸òˡ
ү˵¶Ľչ˳ʵҶҴʱۺʵԶڸ֮ϣõĵݶҲģҶᵽƶͨѶкͣǵеһСֶѣԴ棬ҶҲĶն
Ҷ֮ϸԱһ£;ƺԼӡекܴĲͬˣΪԼĺճҶұЩߵʶ˷չҵԴҪԣֻҶүҶϿδԴʱҪΪȡһЩҪԴԱδ֮衣
֮ܶҶһε̸УõĶԶԶҶԤڡ


214 вɳȥ
ֱڶϵʱҶлҶүӡ
Ҷүæúܣֻжʮӵʱ
Ҫȥμһ飬ȫ˴󲿷ھμӵģڷƽ跽ġҶү˵㲻Ҳ㺰ЩҪ㡣
ŶҶʱһ㶣˵ʲôˣ
㵽й䣬ѧҲϣ£ⲻ;ҶүӱʾҴҵ¶
¶ǺܼšҶشȴĥҶүӴȥʲô飿
һζʱҶҺûʲô¶
ȥаɡҶүӾ
ŶȥϴѧҶˣ˵Ҳûʲôȥ˽дѧĻöԸ˪ӴˣҲǺ¶
ʲôѧȥ㻹һй䣿Ҷү̾ʹ룬ֱ˵ҵ˼˵ȥйɣ
ȥйҶ˶ʱˡ
ʰɣҲʮ꣬ϴѧȥʲôҶ
빤¡Ҷү˵ڴѧҲǹҸȥҲȥζʱ䣬µȥḻһףҾͺܲ
빤ȥ͸ˡҶЩԸ˵
Ҷүҡҡͷ㰡ϲƵ̫ˣȫ˽ȺڵȥҲǺõģԺ;ͻ׻㹤ǶôҪˡ㸸ڣ㹤ͱȽȱе⣬Ҳ̫Ҫǻطͺ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҶүӵۻǱȽͬġ
ҶƽһֱھǲίйģȥӲʲôҲۻʲôŵȥҲֻץϵ飬ϸⲢҪ̫ʡ
ǶҶԣͲһˡ
ҪһλĿԲ󣬻㹤һǱ뾭ģڻĹɼԽãߵʱҲһЩܲ˵һ·ҶҵΰɣĻҲ˵ԼҲסӵġ
ðɣҾȥˡҶͷͬ
ô˵Ҷү˵ڽйڹҲǾ÷չıȽϺõʡݣƻٲҲȥҲҶƽƤӵ£¶Ҳ޾ˡ
šҶүӵͷʵҲұ̫嶼ʼˣҶҶһȻҲڱ˵ĺ档
ۿžҪˣȻһεĸ߲䶯󣬿Դӷͬ־򣬴ͷ쵼λ֮󣬴Ҿ͸е˺ܴΣУԺǲڹλϵĹ쵼ˡ
ôʱӰ˵ĹԵ÷ǳҪ
ôҰһʲôְأҶһ¾ʵ϶׶еİɣ
ҶүӺһЦ˵ǾҪǷˣпɲҶҵĵ̶ҪٶҲ㡣
ȥɳȥˡҶʱԼڵˣɵÿЦʡʡնҶҿɲôѺá
ĺˣĲζ̫ˣûнӴĻᡣҶү˵
Ҷү뿪֮Ҷڿ⡣
ʵϣϰҶƽ֮ʮڣҶҵελ½ˣҶȥУ˵Ƕ㾭ȥˣ˵Ǹնȥˡ
Ҷ֪ȥУ϶ҪһģʱҪͷʹģɾͲҶˣƿؽʡնһϵˡ
ϸ˵ʡҲ˵ϵΧΪռûˣնȻڿʼˣ̵ȷʵѧԺɵǽʡίĽףʵҲѧԺһϵĶ
ʱķչѾʼˣȡ֮ĸΪרҵ֪ʶѧԺɣõԵŤתʮ֮ҿƾ֣ȡ֮ܲƷƻӿƵѧԺȫ쵼Ͼ档
ʵҶѧԺɱûʲôֻЩ˵Уܶ඼ѧܶ˶ѧУٵܵ˹ĳЩӰ죬вȡ
һЩȨ֮ͻԽ
һԱӡӡӡƱӶĻܹΪйķǲǳô
ҶɲϣȵԼ긻ǿһΪʱΧʲôжĴˣĻ˫ȭѵ֣ûʲôˣ˵һ־ǰ
пܵĻҶԸڸ߲֮ټһµĹǾǷǾѧĸɲְܳʵְѾǵˡ
ȥʡҶҲ˼ҪѧԺһϵ״ҶδӦòȡĲԣӦϱ仯Ĺҡ
Ҷûлصңͽӵ˳ĵ绰
ˣţҶЦʵ
˵ģҸ飬ϲݶϿû˵
УһӺ׼Ҷش
ãֲ³ֻʮӣ͸е˾ϲݶ
߶Ҳͦ˼ģһˮĹɫŽ¥һ㣬Ҫ֧ŲȻǸֲģ۾ܹĵطľṹ
ſֻбûӭС㡣
˳ܷ֮󣬲ſӭС㣬ǴűȽˬ۶
Ҷ˶ʱһ֣˵·϶ǲʺӭˣϾѾʮһѮˣǹģʱˮɱ¶첲¶ȵ·ʵ˲
ãʼλһӭС˹ʵ
ˣ¥ճҶش
ãʹգӭСʵ
ҶҶش
ҶãС¥ӸӭС˵
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˸кͬԵʲôһӣԼ͸ӭС¥ľ֮ڿǰһůӣӸ
úܿŶԱ߶ףҶ֣ɵЩ졣
ڳϣﲻԶո͵ˡҶش
Ǿɣٵȸ˹˵¶˵
Լ˱ˣҶʵ
һˣҪͶģͶ㶮𣿡ʵ
ҶʱƲƲ죬˵ȻңֱҶҵ̰ڻشʲôͶVC
ףԭ㶮Ǿ͸˵ˡһ֮̾ͻָҼ˸һڣ֧ͶǲҲӦһЩأ
ô򵥵¶Ҷ֮ʵ
ܼ𣿡˺ܲˣҶ֧Ҽڰɣ
û⣬һ¾СҶЦ˵
ߡҶһۣû˵ޡ
Ҷ룬СƺԼĹˣѶӦþ¡
ϧǣ뵽ԼҪȥ»㣬Ҷеˡ
ôˣ²أ淢һ㣬ʵ
ҲûʲôֻǣҪȥвɳȥˡҶ°ͣų۾˵
ˣȻЩԾ


215 뾩ǰСС
ô˵ģүʵ
ǵġͷشҲӦһͶ𡣡
һ𣬺٣ҶСӻǮүˣЦ
Ҷ֮˵˹ڷͶ飬ҶһڴӦʾԼһóȥڣûеȵ˵ľ˳֣ʹҴ뿪ˡ
֮󣬳ͽүӽһ¡
үӶҶ˵ģҪȥвɳӵ飬ʾһ̶ȵĹעԶҶ˳һͶ飬Ҫеöࡣ
пɲҶҵĵ̶ү˵ҶǬģȻҰӷŵȥһҶϻ־ϣƵ۲ŴԣͿǸҶû汾£ܹΪҶ½ʡˣ
һСƨôı£˵
үӺһǣĸСƨ˵һ䣬ܸóһڵģ
ǻûСҡҡͷ
СھЩǵĵϸҲ֪ĺ˵˿ϻǧ˶һЦпܵģ˵һӾƵóһڣҶ֮⣬ûʲôܹõ
ⷽͲܰҶСƨˣһǮСƨ
ҶСӴ׬ôǮүҲЩʵ
ҶҵǺģҶүӡүӻжļλǺɵˣԲȥ̰ܻߣҶóһ͸ڣ˵Բֹ
ôһǮڿ϶ǲܵģ֪ˣôҲֻһˣҶӹ׬˺ܶǮ
Ǿݳү֪ҶҲ͸Ҷƽȥһĵطûȥô¶ԵЩˡ
֪ģЩʱȥʯڻ׬һʣȻ˺ܶƷʳȥٺöһһǼ𡣡Ҷ˵¶ʱͶԳү͵
үˣʱˣǺǣˡȷ˵սƣٷ˵ĹѲƣôֱʰ
ʵ˵Ҳ򵥣ֻ˺ûѡ˵
ô˵үҡҡͷʯڻˣֹǧ˲Ƶмˣľ״Ҷ֪˭ôԪʾ˵һղͶô죿ҶСӲһţ
ҲûʲôرġüͷһȽϻһЩһЩԥҪҪļ޸
飬ﶼⲻˣǾҪֶˣүүҿɰﲻæүЦֻԼԽԽæ
˵֮䣬Ҷĵ绰ʹ˹
ţǮѾˣһ°ɡҶ˵
ӦһȻ绰Ǳ߶һ֮󣬾͵õȷĻظǮѾˡ
ǮѾˣĺˣҾСһǮҶ˵
Ҷڵ绰Ǳ߶Цû¶ɾھˣ˾͵ǽѧѡһ¶Ҫ죬Ȳˡһš
˵绰ͼүŶأɵɫһүүأ
ǺǣܻᷢүЦţڹԱĲ£¥ȥˡ
һ𡭡һ뾿ͶЩĿźáһˡǿɾûˡҶõһĳ棬ʱЩûʧ
ҶʱȴѾϴҶһˡ
Ȼڵۺֲ棬Ҷһ䣬׼˴˶ؾڵҶȥ
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ү˵ȥǰ㽤¡Ҷش
үֲǴͣôܰ¶˵ҶЩɡ
ѩ˵ģ֪үǰ˵ҹáҶ˵
һζʱ䣬Ҷѩ֮ĹϵƺһЩ
ҶãҶڻϴʱˣڻƵصҲеȤˣԿʼعƽˡ
⵹ҲǺ¶˵ɩѩΪ˲ҶҲϣҶˣȻҶһ׶ţҶҸüȮ
ϴİɣۿžҪˣˮܻ죬ҶҪܿȥˣû¶ǻȥʡھǳǷҶ˸
Ҷһ¶̾ͽпΪԸܰϵһЩ飬òȦҪչ벻أҲھ򣬹⿿˾Щˣסӡ
ҶһΪȻı飬Ҷ˵Щ¶Ҷ˵һ˼ھǿݳᣬͱ˴˺̨ҺСѾͷģԱͨˣĻֲڳôס
ʲôˣôĵӣҶ˲豭һڣʵ
ȻûзŭҶ̬֮УȴѾ¶һǿơ
Ҷһ£ȻŷӦ̷ʤ̷ֶܵҫ棬ھԾúܡ
ŶҶˣʱüͷ
̷ʤܣа츱Σǽͬ־ʱˣҲ˵ĻʦڵаԴǽͬ־ϵˣԹһӸ߲е֮Դ϶Ҫõģ̷ʤܺҪΪаεġ
һһ㣬֮ǰݻ̶аҲίԱͷζôһλþԵþˡ
ȻҶҴʱȨ˫ҲûбҪȥΪһЩСִ͸ĺ̷ʤܳϾףĻ˫涼Ť
˵ʵڻҶҶĵ棬Ȼûʲô˸ը̶㹫˾µСǣûм̫үܷŵȥģϷҲ͵ϷˣҲʲô˵飬ҲǾ̫Ȧͨ
һ˵ЩñȽϹǣоŮȺãи˵ĵĲ
˼ҶܸܵҶˣҶҲ顣
ǽ쿴Ҷƫƫ飬ȻҪ˵һҶʲô̬ȡ
ҶȻΪôһëƤ飬͸Ǹû̷ҫΣҲһ龪ѣʲô¶˼עһ¾ˡ
Ͼ˼Ŀǰ˵ԼŮˣ˳ȥĻﾩģüŮ˶ҪΪ˳Դˣ˼겢ûʲôô
ͷ˼ְҵıھˣ¶ֲ󣬾ôˡҶҶ˵ʱڣҪ¶Ǹ̷ʲô룬ȥˡһЩСѣǵʲôˣ
ҶУ̷ҫ滹治ʲô
ţðɡҶ˵ͷȻ˵˼ҲˣСѾͷͦģŪǼ¸衣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ豭һڡ
źȻƿˣŴīͰñ˼꣬̽ͷ̽Ե˽
ҶҶˣɵһЦ޲ݸ


216 ˫˫
ɣûʲôжӡҶЦ˵
˼ͷ˽Ȼīժ£Щ˼˵ϰãٺá
ɡҶָָԱ߶ɳ˼˵
лл˼ñŵһԡ
˵˼͸Ҷ޼ҪȻҶҲܸҶ
ʱ˼꣬һͷ㷢β˳˦ԺһţװͰɫЬԵ÷ǳͨȫڼСõĴ磬˿ûпΪȵǵͷ
˼Խˣ˽ǰҶЦ˵
˼ֹ˾ǩǳںͬҶϰĶֻ࣬˼϶ҶˣҶ;ô̰ȥҲеʣҶҲڣҪѺͬ޸һ¡
ϴҲô⡣Ҷ˵˼ϾھģҲ˵ȥģ˵ֵʲôǮҪôģ
һһ룬ܲռıˡҶ˵ֻҪû¶׺øͱʲôǿˡ
һ˼ҶõĸǳҶҲǴ׬һʣڻֹ˾񣬴гҵǰƣҶȻǳ˷ܣ԰Ҷٰһѣûֹ˾ҵøǿһЩ
Ϊ֪ԼǻٳϣҶרעͶҵҶǿʤԸûб䣬¶ҪǿС
ҶȻҲϴ˼ǲһֱҶģǾͶҶ˵һڳĲҪԼҵʢ˥Ⱦ͵ôԴͷʼץ𡣡
ʲô˼ҶȻܸȤ̵
չֲҵһҶָͷ˵Ӹַ򣬴ԭаװ죬г⼸ͬʱ֡򵥵˵ռѧԺ˲ţȫҵ˲Ϊãû¸裬ûˣ
ҲֻûôǮҶˣʱЦҲͳøǧʽѣѲҪô̯ӣܵһ֧Űɣ˸治תġ
ҸͶȥھˣֲʲô˵顣Ҷ˵ֱӾİˡ
ҶˣǵһǰЩӾү˵׬Ǯˡϰ壬Ҹ򹤵ˡ
ٳЩûõģ̰ͼĹ˾ƵġҶ˰ֵʱõŵʱȫ֧Ҿǡ
ǳɡҶˣЦúϲ£죬Ǻӣÿףһ²а
˭룬ĻûùűһŸ߿ˡ

ŮǷ׷׾֪ʲô飿
Ҷʱһüͷ˵ۺԼĲҵˣǽֹô飿
˼꣬Ȼһŵ˹
ߡҶһȴϵľƱ
˼꿴˶Է֮Щ£㵽Ҷı
˭ҶƱҶһ£֮һȻʵ
ҸղŸᵽģ̷ʤ̷ֶܵҫ档ҶΪȻ˵
Ȼ˵Ҷھǻʱ䲻࣬ҲûɻһίԱǵа츱εֶӣ޷ǾԼû;չڼԵеΣԸ̫ǷǶѣǶϾ˾Ա⸱ƣҲûбҪһ̷ҫ档
˵֮䣬һӲߵֵˣ˽
Ҷһۣͼ˵ĳ̷ʤϡмƣֻһЩЩ⣬ʮͷͣ첻µزµʱ
̷ҫ֮۾Ӧ˰ĹߣͿҶҶмû֦չŮӣɵЦ˼꣬һжԭҲǳġ
ȦŮˣΪ˸ԭ򣬳ٳƤĲ٣ЩΪǮЩΪЩΪȦӣһЩαȽϸߵģרΪЩȨǷģһļǮһò
̷ҫԴ֮󣬾ҲŹչˣھǳԵÿҲԽԽŵúܡ
ⲻ֪ھ̫Ȧ棬Ҷ͵һûƷλı
仰ʱҶʱŭӣǳģ
ҶȻƽʱȽϵ͵ΪԸھ¶ǵүӲˣеʱ¹˭ţ
̷ҫһССıȻҲܵԼҵ̶ҰǵҶ棬ɧҶŮˣҶôӣô˵ҲҶҴ٣
ܳʲôҸô˵̷ҫȴһ֪֮ûУȻҶٶˡ
Ҷٲ˵ģֱӾͰѾƿӸˣ̷ҫŶȥ
ĵƿصǱȽϴ࣬ʱ˼Ƭ̷ҫŶȻûгѪȴҲһ˾ЩѣθУ͸ˤ
̷١
ļ˼ˣʱ
Сƣ֪˭̷ҫλεվܻ˵Ҫ֪Щǲģģģ
ĺһʮҵ׳˽һѷס̷ҫ棬̷٣ôˣ
Сƣҷŵˣ̷ҫһָҶҶȻָָ˼СƸҴȥ
̷٣飬Ӧġüͷ˵
ɲ˾͹Ҹ˵ˣ̷ҫŭ
ǡԥһµðɣ
Ľ̷ҫһͦ˼ƶҶҶ˵ãǵ̷٣ϵùɣ
Ҫǰʱ򣬰İŴˣͷ׳ˣǹ˰ĵĶͷ
ӲСвǴٶ٣˲ǣ׽ǹǰݺһðĵĶͷǰʱѪֱ
۹һӾͿλõĿһɵô󾪣ӲھǶǹ·һ
ǹƣ¶ǹЩмػش
̷ҫվ˳ǹŻ˭أסǣ
Ĵӿڴͳһ֤˳
оͷ׿ˣʱЩԥ
оɲһˣ׳ϺڵľˣͬǹֻҥɱִȴС
ȻҲǹƣȴûоӲֻ˵Ǿ鱨˲ŶѣԿо֮󣬾ЩԥĿתҶ˼˵Ҷ˵ôɣ
ǹво̷ҫֺغǶͷһҲмơ
Ҷһо˲˫˫֣ӳȥ
ңĺ̷ҫͬʱŭȵ
ȴǺһǹȥͰѰĸˣѶıֱӾͰѰĸ˳ȥһƹ֮ĻаĵĲҽ
̷ҫʱ;ˣû뵽Ҷ˵ʹ򣬾Ȼûеԥģ


217 ¶ðѽ
Ұ̷ҫɫˡ
̵ģ޷Ǿа츱̷ʤܵĴƣǴʱ˼ҸͲʲôоıݣֱӰѰľ͸ӳȥˣǲҽҲ֪ʲô³ѵ˵Ұо˫˫ȴϣ
оʲôݣϺڰרű쵼˰ȫĴڸ֣
ǶԷȻһ˼ɶûУ˵ʹˣôһɾ䡣
̷ҫҲеģƽʱԳԼΣһʮڻ£ô涯ʱ򣬾ôã
ѵ˵̷ʤܸԼоȻðƻ
ǰĵ֤ʲôģԶ浽棬ȷʵǴоְ䷢ģҲ֤ģûٰ
ô˵Էıڲĸֲɣ
뵽ղڣ־ǰǹҲʲôƲ
ȻҲǹȴǹûüͱ˼Ҹɷˣ
ʲôҵġҶһСҪˣھǣʲô㶼ǵģ
ҶЦû뵽Ҷʱ̷ҫո˵Ļԭⲻظ˻
Ҷ̷ҫıڰıҶ˳ȥҲǽ
̷ҫھǻԾúܣǽͬ־ǰĺˣе̬ǵþ̫ȦλˬˣֻǴھǵ֮ԸΪһëƤС¶͸̷ҫŸɡ
ҶҲΪҪ͵Բû̷ҫ棬ʵʰСˡ
Ҷָʹ¶̷֣ҫıֱӾ͸ˣȻǴġ
ҶʱҲúˬ죬ҪҶƣѵ̷ҫһ֪Ҫھ˻죬ô׵ģ˼Ҳǲ㣬һǳǾҪġ
оҴ򣡡̷ҫɫ˵֪ʲôУ
ġҶֱӳ̷ҫһ⣬ڵأԭתһȦ
㡭Ҵңǡ̷ҫ뾩֮󣬻û飬ʱеˡ
̷үǣʲôʱǱţ˿ţһȺԱǷ׷׸ƨɺ棬Ψְͽ᲻á
ǣȻ˸ҴĶ⣿
ǿ벻̣
ҹʲôˣҶһⷴ˻ȥֵ˵ҵӿģбͷҵ꣬ǰģΪԼ˭ţϯһţǰװβǣ㻹˵
㡭㡭㹻ݡֶ͵š̷ҫ泹ױˣЩ˱ͷ׵棬ͱıסǽϣҲʲôүڣһˮǽ
̷ҫȻţȴҲ֪˼ҵǿѹͷأ˵Լھƣܻȥٰȱ
߶оֵһλ̷ֳָʤܹϵܺã˹һӡ
ǲ˵ҵǿܵ˺ܲҲﵽ߶ȥ
оô۸ģųԹ˾ɣֻµʱоֱˣ̷ҫ氵
Ȼ򲻼ãȴʵʵڵоо̵һҪһģʱ̷үֻҪƲ㹻ˣҪ̷ʤܣܹˣ
̷ҫ浨սľ˳˵ۺţһ۽ƣһָָı˵ǵŷɣЩǣһҲֺöˣ
Ųھ˺Ĺ죿ҲǳصģϹսѪˣô׾ͱ˸סģ
ƾҪ̷ҫ棬ŵ˳
ڵţɫΪʹ࣬˫˫ȶ˸ˣڲţҧţ
̷ҫ濴һ۰ģߵģתһ룬ΪʲôҪأܹ˵⣿ʱ򾯲һǷֱһ۾ܹˡ
̷ҫҲܰˣŤͷ˳һ̶ˡ
ſڵıǼˣɵúһʲôӣҪھǻȦӣ浱Լ̫ӰҶôţƵҲǵ͵أ
бȥҶҶ˵ſڵ顣
ʵϲ̨棬̷ʤҲһļû뵽һֶӾͰܻˣٺ١ҶҡҡͷǲΪȻ
Ҷһ룬ͶԱ˵ǲʣǲܲأ˰Ǹоһ£Ȼͷúýһ£ԺӼҹӣǿԴա
ӦһҶûзԣհˡ
Ҳ˵õǷԺǷˡ
ҶˣȴҲû˵ʲôԼù죬ҪģȻ˵צҪб˰ǹצӣݵľ򡣼ˣֻҲҪһ죬û¶òҪƽ¶һ¶Ҫľ򡣡
شףǰǾ֪Ҳһ
Ϊ鲿عǶһ㣬Ҳ֪ڵķʵþ޴ķнģֻҶ˹壬ļ۸ź񣬶ƽʱҲûʲô顣
һʲôΣҶȫ飬Щ˿϶ܲȥΪⲻְҵ£ΪҶܹĶԴǣǣǵԼˡ
ĺܿͱ̧˽ǶֱˣҲˣϱֽظǽӹϼа̶ӵʱ͸㶨ˡ
ллԭһϵͳֵܣһַ֪ҵˡ
һЩͬ˵ֵܣãӲզء
£ʲôǾ͵ʲôĿЦֻ˫˫Ȼʹ̣Щ䡣
λֵܺھƣůһůӡҶˣͷԸ
˵ͷһƿϰ׷ڹŰĵͷڣȻ̺Ӹ塣
ȷʵȽˣղŰıֽţϣȻֻʮӵ飬ȴҲòᣬʱھƣظо࣬ͷҲܹ΢һֽŵʹС
̷ҫʱȴѾ˳ȥʼоֳֵָ绰
壬ڵۺֲ˸ˣ̷ҫ˵
ʲôôĵӣֳָȵ
ԷеҹɳãԷų˻ȥأ̷ҫֳָ˵
ʲôôţ˻ƾ죿ֳָˣʱϵس
ʲôҲ֪˵ۺǿġ̷ҫ˵壬̫ˣҵıڴ˫˫ȣڻڵۺĴſأ˹ɣ
ȵȡֳָˣʱʲô˵ǰڵۺĴſڣ
ǰҵıڿоô̫ӹˣһҪϳ̷ͣҫܻ˵
ʲôˣǲҶֳָȻЩŵʵ
Ҳ֪һǸֹ˾ϰ壬Ҷģ˵Ǹ硭̷ҫһ룬治֪ԷţͷһϢæֳָ˵
̷٣¶ðѽֳָ̾ͱΪ


218 С̷Ӱľȱ
ôˣ壿̷ҫһֳָΪѣʱˡ
оֵĸֳȻֻǸĸɲʵȨȴǲСǶھĴСǷǣ϶ĻҲɲֹ
ʱֳָͻȻе̷ҫ֪ƺԷҲи׵ֳָа츱ֶӱ֮󣬻һ̬
ֳָ̾˿̷٣ʵ˵ɣۺϰͷ̫оָûа취̷ȥȰǸ̷˵һʲô̬˵
ۺϰ徿ʲôˣѵҶˣ̷ҫֳָôһ˵ʱҲеˡ
˵̷ʤܸΣԱǽͬ־ǰĺ˶ôͷֳָУܸԷᲢۣԷͷжˡ
Ҷңеڶоָе𣿡̷ֳָҫĳ˵̷٣Ȱһ䣬ʲô¶һհɡҶҵ֮ǿ󣬲õģ
̷ҫ֮󣬶ʱЩõ绰еæཱུŲԷѾ˵绰ɵŭ
һֳҲӰˣ̷ҫŻͲһ䣬ȴҲûа취ˣ˼ǿ̷ʤܸεֶӵϣԼƨҲǣֵ˼һʵְɲ
˭ͷأ̷ҫʱˣ¶Ҹ̷ʤ˵һǱȽģ֪ھ߶¶ֱӾͰȥˡ
ǻǱ߶ûţ϶²
̷ҫȲԸ飬ֲԸⶪݶӣҲǳ֪ʲôΪͷˡ
Ȼ֮䣬뵽˰ģʱǰһ
оǱ߶õۺûа취оõۺû취
뵽ĵоݣ̷ҫʱ⡣
Ҷ߶ͣ
̷ҫĺǣһɢˡ
ʵϣʱЩҲϳҶҶˣϾǾҶҵλүǰҲ˲پ춯صĴ£ûпܲ
̷ҫֳָ绰֮󣬻ӣҶͽӵֳָĵ绰ŶֳָãôҴ绰ˣ
Ҷ٣ղ˵ڵۺ˷˳ͻֳָŹ˵û¶ҾһûгԿɣ
ֳָˣллҶץŵ绰ҶһۣЦ˵طӽ£֮ôͻţԶﴫˣ˵ֵƽʱ¶ĸ۵ַҪǵĲʹ죿и𲻿۵¶ⲻǻ
˵ģҹֲ˼
ǺǡȫӦ
µ绰֮ҶͶҶ˵С̷ȥоְȱҵֳֳָָһ˵ǵۺûС̷ء
ҶЦЦҿ̷ҫҲƲоҲ֣϶취ϾЩֿȣûɾʹ˵ġ
ҲãЩ鷳¶Ա߶˼Щ˵
˵ʲôҶЩ˵飬Ҳ֪Ҳˣ֪˻С̷ӵɪҶʲôĸȻҴҵܵܵŮ˵⣬˵̷ʤֶܵӣλеӵܣҲûӣ
Ҷ˵Ļȷʵôһ¶
ӵȻŮ˵ͨҲϹģʲô֣ʲôĲ֣ϴҶЩǱģҪ̹ˣÿɾŭʱȦķɾͲˣҲûԸ򽻵
ϾŮ˸Ķһ˼ر֮⣬һǱȽ˽ԵģҪǸ˱˵Ľ˲ĲŹأ
̷ҫǰ֪˼ʲôҲͰˣɧһҶҲôϾûγʲôõʵ֪߲Ѿ֪˼ҶŮˣô嵽˼ҳ¶ˡ
˼ҵĳ¶˴ֻ˵ûб£סӡ
һԣҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
̷ֻҫȻǸعصˣǴоְȱɣҪԽҶеǳˬˣҲ˾ģҪʰһΣֱΪֹ
С̷ܰʲôȱҶҶ
оֵ˶ˣҶ벻̷ҫ滹ܰʲô˲õѵ˵ҾĹϵ̷ʤܶûǸ£ֶһɶζû˵ͨˡ
ҾĹϵǲŽ汾ء
ھоҸҶը̶
һϳ¼ҵҪһѵģϧͷһıɿգλмﶼȻճλнǸɾȥְǰ֮˸ʷȻǲܵġ
˼ҶҶֵ飬ȴǲ
Ϊһĸǣ˼ҲϯٵطĽӴʶһЩԱǵ˵ȨƣǸҶҶֵʵǲ˲֪ȥˡ
˿ҫԼļȨƣҶҶ̸ֵ۵ģȴ漰͹߲쵼˺硢ᣬǾϵĲˣʵǿ󲻵á
˼꿴ҶĲȻᣬȴһ˵ĳʣ˿֮󣬾ͻ̤ʵ֮ǰΪ̷ҫһ˿ңʱѾƽϢ
֪ҶҶʵ֮˼ҲɵЩզࡣ
ҶҵʵǴ׶ֱϵУһλгίλίԱһλ˾һλıĹԱǺüб׶Ĺٻ֮
˵ҶΧչϵ֧ϵǲ֪塣
˵ȱܰġҶ
ʲôҶˣЩ˼顣
̷ҫ治̷ʤ˭ܿסأ
˵̷ʤܿ϶ΪЩ̷ҫͷϾ̫ˣΪа츱Σͬ־صľʦ̷ʤܲԼ̷ҫƨɣҲ̫ݶˣ˲𰡣
ǸֶҳҪΪаελãΪ˽ָܹҪ
һˣǸ˶οǼưٳΪͬ־ĸ̷ʤܣô಻
о֡Ҷ˵ֳ
Ҷˣʱ˵ͷҪܰɱ治öԸ
̷ҫ߶аоҲǴڵģϾΪоİģǱҶ˸ˣо֪ˣš
ҶҶ˵䣬洫ܼĽŲźܿͱˡ
ţɫƷоǣͳڵۺĴС
ӳۺѾǿƣָʾ
ԭش׼κһˣһŮӵ˹
ôҶ֮󣬶ʱüͷ


219 ĳŮ
λŮӣɫƷǰͦΣ״һī۾ס˿ı飬ȴ¿ͻǹӾ֪ӵѾš
ֻֻ࣬жʮˣȴǸ뺷Ҫȵۺıǿ̫࣬һ֪еƣоӳˡ
ôҶҲϳˣɵЩȵ˵
ŮӲǱˣǸҶҶл
ȥ궬죬ҶΪҶֵϳ¼ҵӣͷϰһӣѺ󲻾ãҶڵۺοͣ楣лĸл˳ͻл˹лҳӣ˫ʱʶġ
ʱлѾǾǾܶӸܶӳʮɲ
ǽ쿴ļƣƺѾھˣֱӽоһʲôӳְȴ֪Ӧʲôʲô
ֻоеӦҲͰɣ
о֣Ӧó칫֣ܲξ֣ǰΪа쾯
ΪϵʷԭоΪž֣ûκָȨ͹Ȩ˵ܲξ֣ܲҲָֻܶţоھƣڵط
ԭϣоֱֵ쵼а죬ྯһΪĲӣ쵼Ρ
һԣоְֵǱ쵼ȫǡϯȫ˴ίίԱԺίԱгίȡǾƽʱ˵ֻегίʹڵȴľ
չоֵľֳа츱μβϽΣίаμΣ䵳ڼίίԱίԱǴǡ
뾯ţ߸ɣ뾯ųоֳָɲ
ҲʹȻͬϽΣô׶˾оֵľֳȣһţһЩ
ϸ˵Ȼ׶˾ȨҪһЩϾ˾żʮˣÿNڵʽĸ߼ĵ䡢áȨ
оֳ쵼εˣҲ쵼ȽϽˡ
ǣڹڵоֳҵΧ⣬ûʲôȨˡ
ȷ˾ñҵһҪĲžоֳñϰ˾λòͬӵҲͬ
лȻо֣һ֪ʲôĶӳȷʵҶҶеЩԾԩ·խո֮ĶԹûü˽⣬ǷǷνԩҲͷ
лܶӳҶл֮˵ˡ
л飬ǰҶ˵һЩϡ֪һʦݳȻо˲õĴӣȥʱвͬǾߣѹֻо֣Ϊӳˡ
ҶҶѾ֪ҵ˰ɣлֱԵ
˿ˮֵĻҶЩˣл˵ôлܶӳҪΪС̷ӳͷˣ
Ȼл񲻴εɱҶȻҲշѿ˷ʱ䣬ֱӾ͵һ㡣
С̷ӣлһƨ¡֮ԹǵõٱǴоˡ
һл˶ʮоĺֹ˵ʵȫܹۺ߶ֱΪıȫѹȥҲȷȥۺĵ˴ҽҲ
оǺص¼ˡ
лܶӳеˡҶһоָڱгίʹڰȫʲôʱҲΰˣ
Ҷ˵ĺоֲǾ֣ܶŹҲҪֵĻþԿоĹְ޶ֻܹΪгίǸṩȫһίԱҲܲ˵ίǡ
˵̷ҫһƨǵͨˣӵܣȻܹо䵱֣¶͸׶ˣȻȨá
ҶֻҪƾһ㣬ͱȥоֵĸŪüɹ
̷ҫʲôˣʲôгίίԱʲô˲õĹҪҪоرԱ
Ȼ˵оֻһ׳ͬ־𣬿ڲҲǷΪͬϵģгίλУǶһӰȥѾȥĶǣҲоһӰ
ҲܣֻΪʲôǵ˱ˣл֪ҶѲԾͲԴǣֱӸҶҪˡ
ȻҽԺģҶл۾Ѿͷޱȣʮ㣬֮ԼһμʱϬ࣬û¿๦ҪȻҲĳɾͣۺĿ˳ɷָӣݵˣȻȣ˵ʲôΪ֮飬żҲǻеģЩҲرˡлܶӳæƺҲûȤ֪ЩС¶ɣ
Ҷ٣ҿǵõϢ˵оֵ˱ǸΪ˫˫ȫϵĵزл񲻸ҶϻˣֱӾͱ⣬ۺҪ꣬ҲҪߣǵߣᶯҡϣҶٺҶǵĹȻĻϾͲÿˣ
ҶһˣʱˣлܶӳְȨоҲǿԺ޼ɵģŲھ򽭳ͬ־Ӧ⣿
һĲšлЩŭҶЦͬ־оֵĹҲָֻѣĹһ治Ϊһ仰оֳˡ
ˣл񣡡ҶûٸлӦȥˣ鶼̷ҫǳģ˵оô̷ҫ˽˱飬ҿ϶򽭳ͬ־ӦҲʽ飬޹ءҪҵۺҰҲ㣬Щˣ˭߾Ͱ˭ߣֻǵͷҿҪճ
лҶŭˣǺ޸оһϲøУҶڳסˣҵҪҲ࣬ȷ߽꣬ң˴ߣ²˵ۺ޹ģоȻӦķӦ
㲻ɣҶվȻߵҸһ˶𣿡
ҶҲúԼлйڲ٣ԼĵϸҲ˽࣬Ըȥһ˶о֣ȻҲ¡
оֵľֳȻϽľζıʵûмǾ٣ֻмǧ˵Ĺģܵʲôã
Ҷ治ţǸҶҶҵʲô׵顣
ҶٿǵĹ˺òлҶӦҲΪͿʼԸǣˣꡣ
ҶҶһֻۣͷȻ͸л뿪
û뵽ղлŮˣȻͶˣ


220 ֮
Ҷ˾ҶҲͲ˵ʲôˣۺ߶Žͳȥ
Ȼл˽ۺϸ˷оֵĴ
١˼ЩǵؿҶ
ûϵһҶչһ¡ҶЦЦ˵Ȼֿлһ۵лܶˣִ֪硣
лˣһȴҲûзʲôƢ
ҶݰעоֲôʰһҶȻʲô⣬ҶүӡүӺҶƽλ治һǵģһλгίλίԱһ쭣ֶҪ𵴵ġ
о־ٳȻ⣬ôͱôһѣ
һлҲִѣԼʵԸǷǣлҲҶѣĶЩŵӵǡ
ʦ˼ҵ˼л񲻻ЩǷǣоֵĴֳҲȥǷǣһιҪ񣬾ǽҶشȥʦ浽ôģǾͲлܹµõġ
϶ȥү˵¶ҶҶ˵
ȸү˵ɣȽϺһЩҶش
Ҷүӵ̫ҪˣԵвʹãǶүӾͷˣίĶүӣ˵ӡһڣʱǹ߻
ʵ϶үҲ·ģⷢ쭣һҶҵ˵һУѵõŴŵ㡣
ѾȥҽԺȥӰģлԽҶ˳ᣬԱ߶ȻԸ
һӣܿʻ˵ۺֲڷȥ
صİ֮󣬳ӽ˴ڣһֱ󿪹ȥһҶδȥĵط߶ȫĹŽ죬ӳһЩߴĳľȺڱϸĿ
Ҷ٣³ɡлӳҶ˵
ҶҲӳ˳ľ֮Ҳɵһ䣬õط֮Уصĺö治ء
Ǳ߶Ѿ˽õ̧ܸˣʱİ˫˫ȶüа̶ˡ
ȥҽԺʱ򣬹ǿƵҽ˰ʱļа֮ΪѾúܺãûбҪŪֻǼ򵥵ؿһЩڷҩһЩʳĽָ㣬ľû˵ʲô
л˿ĵüͷ˵Ҷ٣Ҳ̫ˣȻõַôصֶ𣿡
ҶݵоͲӦø˳ϹϵȻ֪ԼְôܹΪ̷ҫһӵѹƣûг׷ϵѾǸоӡǰӣֱǹҲʲô¡
л֮Ҫ䣬ȴԼɲô㣬ԾͲٸҶ˵ʲôˣֻǷԸ˽ĸ̧˽ȥ
оڲһЩ飬ҲǱȽϸӵģȻоֵȴֲһ֣Ӧ˵ֻҲûпôɾ͸Ǹ
ҰȻǱֵַУҶָ£Ǻܿ͸ˣҲʱõԻָĿԻǱȽϴģлҲûָҶкͬʲôġ
лоҲһЩȽҩȫ԰Ļָ״̬Ҫͨ˺һЩ״̬˵Ƿܹػо֣Ǿͺ˵ˣϾѾĹͷٳܾ޴ѹơ
Ͼоݣ̷ҫһ˰˽¶оڲҲǾԲΪľûбҶ¶ҲýڲĴ֡
˵оڲĴǷǳġ
Ҷٵ裬ȥһ쵼лԸһԼ뿪ˡ
Ҷ֮󣬶һоĲ豭һڣͿʼİ衣
ĺܣִľӾȻĽ˿ľƳɵģȻһƬʼɣǶŴľɽˮͼףƲ
طͬǣһĹˮ̴ζƮ˹ЩԵãڹǽϣǹһѾƵľļʣճһλŵϵֶƺڿ׵ʲô
Ҷ֮󣬾;Щ档
õĴڣоڲȻŵʼӵĻеˣĪоԻеһвɣ
С˵Żֵ龰ҶҲЩۣҲеš
ȿȡһ
ҶͷһͼʲôûУղŵļоҲˣϣֻʣһˡ
⵽ô¶أҶʱԼһƬãȻ
Լ֮УҶҪһĿԼɨȴ˵Էڣڳɵʱָо͵ȥŴ䴫˽Ų
л³ˣһֵģһλнˣȥƷǷоֵһλֳ
ҶܾˡЦ˹Ҷ֡
λ򵥵˵䣬ȴԭҲǳҶү£ֻǺоϵͳǴӾϵиȥˡ
ҶЩĪظλӦţȴЩղסԷΪʲôҪԼŪоڿûʲôõı֣ǷǳأĪǵĿĺڣ
о䵱˵Ĵ֣ʵЩӦˡҶǴԼķ
ܰͨʲôΪ̷ҫıڣֻķ֤ʵоʼָԹʵ¶˵Ҳ򵥣Ϊпܶʼôˣ˵ҲӣΪֱһҪ⣬оֵĹϴںܴ⡣
ڵаԴͬ־ĿǰоƿȲεа츱̷ʤͬ־ЩɣҪһЩоֵȨץУоڵĸӾ档
һҶǡᣬȴǽоֵˡ
ֻϣֻչԵһΧŴڱĸ⣬ҲһڴǾһ
ȻˣʵʸоⷢԵģҲίԱϲУܹģȴǵĿǰλгίпܻı״
ΪҶо֣Ҷүӿ϶ռλүӺҶƽƺҲڻϷԽԵȨǱȲ˵ġ
ҶЩ飬ȴͻȻһ벻⣬ֽΪʲôҸղŷڿأѵоڲҲʲô˵飿
ôһ˵Ȼһ£ȫû뵽ҶȻо
лˣҲǵɴ۾ҶȻ޷Ҷ˵Ļʵġ
Ҷһǵı飬֪ԼĸоȻղȷʵڰп̽Լֻ˾ʲô·أ
֮УҲذ


221 ҩ
ҶӶˣôˣʸڷϵ
ѵˣҶ΢΢һЦȴûȥȻѾˣǲǿ뿪ˣ
Ҷٰ꣬ޱǡȴҶ˵
ŶҶһ㶣֪ʲô⡣
ү֪˴ڣҪһ棬ûʱ䣬ҪȵԷʱ䡣Ҷ͵ģǺܷ㣬ҶӻЪһΪá
ĻҲ˵ĹȥҶ˵ͷͬˡ
Ȼû˵ʲô滹ϸĥһ
Ȼоֳָ˾ϵԳһǶҶү쵼ڵĶ׳϶Ǳ㹻غҳϵģλҲȵ
ȻˣôԼ߶ɰס±ǡ
ߣֻϣҶүӻ飬һЩڣҲпܵġ
лУҶ߶飬źáҶͬ⣬תлԸһ
ǡлݻӦ
ָҶ֣Ÿȥ
Ҷ٣ҴȥϢĵطɡлҶ˵
áҶ˵ͷȻЩʵлܶӣôͻȻͱоˣһУ
һطϵĹٽ׶ӦٽҲ൱ɲѣлУӦ൱֮ǰھǾ־Ѿɲˣо֣Ȼƽ
Ҳ˵ло֣ûʲôֱӵĺô
ǻһֽǶо߶ţζĽ϶ҪȵطϿܶ࣬û׼ˣǴУٽֱӱŮˡ
ȻˣҶҲףоֵĵλһЩ⣬лٽζҲδؾܹھϵͳ֮ͨУҲоġ
оϵͳҲԼıֻܱ֮ŵ쵼ȫŵĴڣǱĲŶȲϵģǳ¶ܵĸҲС
Ҳһǰᣬǵʱȷִϼ񣬷Ļоطǻ⵽ڲ鲢׷εģͷҲ൱
Ǿһ˵о¶˻ûа취ΪҪͶǣҲҵֳίŰõһ׳оӵߵ쵼ȨޣҪΪһС¶ȥһ׳С棬ô׵ģ
Ϊˣоһ˵еĲ񻰣޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
Ҷܹ沵оӣ˸зˣΪо£ϴֶζѣǱ˱Ȳġ
лɵĻһʡԱҲþϲС
ǹһܣ޿ɷ档лش
ʶ˵ˣαظ˦ӣҶҡҡͷ
лҶ߳˴ãԱ߶һŽ˹ȥȻǹŽڲѾȫִסլһӦƷǳȫ棬ǼƵҲ˶١
ҶʲôҪԴ绰лҶȥ֮󣬾ͽһ˵Ҫ߳ӣһҪȸҴ绰ױΪΣշӡ
֪ˡҶ˵ͷֲСӣô᲻֪кܶɣȻеģĴй䡣
ʵϣڵʱҲеˣҶ˰ҹҲеˡ
Ҿ͸ˡл˵
ܰŪԵ𣿶ӺеˡҶȻ˵
лһۣȻ˵Եȡ
һӣлͶһַֻ˹ȴһ档
ϲϢˣպų԰ɡл˵
հûпţζޣҶǲһȻͿʼ
Ҷ棬;۷Ҵҵϴ˸裬ϴ˯ˣûӾ˳֮С
֮ҵſˣлһ뷢԰׵߳ڷ
λߵƺʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳпǰʮ꣬ͷͷһ٣˿ȴûжƣͷ䣬ǻ۵Ĺâ
ƺƮ˹ȥҶĴǰع˯еҶƺЩζ
ʦðɣ᲻ͻȻѹлЩĵ˵
һҲĵ˵ôܣҸҩĺܣ֤һ˯
ѹҶ˯ôȴԭǱлҩ
벻һӰΧҶתȦϸؿ˿ϲɫ˵ҵǲȣ֪鷢˵λҶٵ飬кȻһ˻û뵽Ȼûа׷Ѱ
ʦʲôһģֵ˼ôŽлЩʵ
㲻ҪСλҶӣȻûκι򣬿ȴȫģĸԵҡͷԵ˵λҶӱĳҲнԵ񣬹󲻿԰
ѵʦ˰֮ģҪͽܣлЩʵ
棬ʦ൱˲õһ黯Ҳоֵֻ֮ҪڣͲʲôӡ
ʦȻҶȤ޲ڣлֱӾ뵽ˣʦпҪҶΪͽĴ㡣
ͽͺˣǲӦġҡҡͷЩϧ˵ɫϾͿԿóҲλȨصôоССĳһ²Ҫ䵽ϡ
лʦĻʱЩͿˡ
ʦҶȤҪΪͽ˵ʲôСǲҶлЩ⡣
УҶȻһȨ˫Ҳһ競ѣﵱʦأ
Ҫ֪ло֣飬˽ҲһЩ֪߶ҶܹõʦΪоֵػߣһ׳Ҫ߿һ۵ĳȻѵίɣ
ƺл룬̾˿˵ȻҲһúӣǱɷһЩνԹнͬʱҲӰ쵽ĻǼ޸һˣǿ˷Ҳо֣ϣܹҵʵ䣬ڿûʲôԵ۵
ôһ˵лҲЩȻ
ʦ൱ǿģֱҲǳɲлţ뵽ԼпܹһлҲеεġ
˷۶Ǵӱ˵˵л϶ᵱǳʦ֮ڣĺпˣ˻϶ǲɫһףʵҲǵĺ˺
ǰиˡߺȻһתл˵


222 
ʲô᣿лЩʵ
¹ҸлȻܲġ
߿Ҷл˵ϵϢ೤Բɼϵˣɷ֮
βɼлʵ
ˡߵл˵һӡ
лˣʱ΢죬ȻǶʦָЩΪѡ
ѵðɷ֮Ի⡣߶л˵ⲻϵ⣬Ӱ쵽Ļ⣬ʦԾڴˣԼŰɡ
лԥһӣͶ˵ǣΪ飬ҪͻȻѹûٻȥˣ
ҩŵǰ϶Ѳģ㵣ʲôЦֻ飬ԼŰɡʦϣܹסᣬȡԼҸ
лų˯еҶҲǾĺܡ
ȻҪʦڵķԼϵɷ֮뵽ҪҶԣףл;еԽܡ
˵ԼǵӣҲˣƫƫҶԼȻԨԴȴйڵԨԴΪл飬лȥѵۺɨˣҶҶֵܸץȥ
лȴҪΪ飬ȥҶͶͱҲûʲôֻǲҪʵԵĹϵѣл;úΪ顣
һ¶˳ȥлʲôӣ
ֻҶԼ֪ĻҲлˣǧټҪҶӣȴòΪԼ⣬ȥҪҶ֪ĻЦ
ʦҲ˵ˣֱŵ֮ǰҶ޷ѹ
ߣһҲ
лڳ֮䣬ͷѾʧȥߵټ
ȻʦǸͬҶദĿռˣϣܹȷѡ
ôأлԼ˵һ䣬޷תҪ뿪ʱȴַѾ˴ˡ
ȻղŴȥģֻʦ˼Ҷѣϣлסġ
лȻҪŶ¶ƫƫûȥΪŻʦľҪţ൱ʦԸ
Ȼǣ˵飬ȴҲǣʲô˥֮飬һЩлԥһ£ֻصҶĴǰ
ůú㣬ҶƽȣϢȣ΢΢ԳһЩΣǱҩ֮ȻӦ
л˽սһ֮˾
ȻᣬôԼȥһ£Ҳ˵ȥġ
§˯һƺҲûʲô˺ԼʵΪֻҪѹ֮ǰȥôʦԼҲû˻֪ˡ
žડһл񽫷ĴƸˣֻ´ͷСҹơ
ʱûϵҶҲ¶ʵһϣлϸҶһۣͷҶϹȻһ˵ϣʦ˼˵ЩȻȴҲܹóҶȷʵͨһûпĻ
ҪɣֻǱһֲỳСлڴǰԥһӣ˾
·ŵһԵɳϣ޴Ƶ굽˴ϵı棬Ҷ̽ȥʱȴҶȻҲѵþ⣬ȻҶ˯ϰߵģҲãʡٶ֣ĻлеΪ顣
Ȼ˵Ҳĳɵĵӣ˵Ů֮飬ӦÿúܵŶԣֻĽӴֲʲô˲õ飬лϾǴӵܣԶڡ飬леӦ
˯֮еҶԵ÷ǳлŬԼϢƽҶֻһֻα˲ԣȻʹӺȥԼõҶıһסҶһ쵽Ҷľ·
лԼƽʱһƽʱǼʼУϢתǰʱ򣬾ܹܵҶƺܵ˹ĶҲһɷǳůϢڻӦţ͸ţͬԼϵϢһ·תȥ
˰Сʱңϣл;ԼڵϢȷʵõһĸƣʦ˵ûҶȷʵѵһġĿ꣬Լܹ˽ӴεĻû׼ܹԼɷ֮
ϧǣҶݾ;ԼܸʲôлҲ˼ȥһСԼ塢ĴкȥʲôʵԵĹϵ
ȻҲ֪ʧҶ֮󣬾ͳҶ˽°ŮˣлȻǿΪģΪһŮ˵ûУԸʶı֡
ҶϵϢȷʵ
뵽Լ޼л˽ս˰Сʱ֮ڽҶӷ˹Լš
ֻƣȻЩ˳лһҧԽҶٷһ£ſԼϣͺڰ¶ӡ
ֻڲл嵱вһ㺣æԼ
ҶϴøɸɾһϵȻϢл񹹳˺ܴذϵзţҶ촽ԣ˫Ҷ䣬γһַǳơ
ƺܵĽӴĴ̼ҶͻȻһ£лش֮ϣȻȴǸлǰδе飬ŪĲһͷɳ
ҶȻǴ˯֮УҲʲôֵ
лһҶĿУȻѭŵĳϢؽһصľ֮С
棬ȴǸӦɵøźЦ
ͶǺѵõġ
СȻҩǰʧЧˣʲô¶أ
ܳʲô¶Ů֮ǵ¶
ӲһˣȻСˡ
ʵ¶кô϶лý˲Ŷԡ
ЩԵõЦһӣȻˮУôƺϺҹһܹӰĸоһ㡣
лƺҲҵѵзţǰ˫鶥ҶţСҶС˫ӣͨޣҶҲǿضشȻûнǷյʵʵδù˽ܿռ䣬ȴҲܹһεͨشҪѨڡ
ʱ佥֮Ϣ֮ˮ齻ڵĸоԽԣлеҪҶԼķ뷨ֻҲøܹεؿסԼ壬ڲǹ߻
ȻҶ˵һջ󣬵лֱܹģ֮ܽӴֻάڡִĽӴ״̬
أлҲһľ֮С


223 Ůʵ̫ɺˣ
Ҷȴ˯úܾûĸоˡ
һζҶæڸ飬ĴҲûижۣ¾ʢ̫ࡣ
ǽеʱҶƺԼһŮ˸ţܰĸоԼ¡
ҶϡУƺеԼͬ廥ˮڣֺ
ȫһҪĸоУҲ֪˶ãҶžԼբͻȻ򿪣һɻõǰй˳ȥ
ˬҶа
ôһӣʱѹˡ
ӦڴѽôҲܵԼȦȦģô˵ԼղһΣˣ
ԣҶ̾ˣⲻԼ档
뵽дıŪһҺҶޱ¶Ҫ֪ˣǵöඪ˰
ΪһȻҲ˯ֱһֳҪô˵ҲͽŮ˵棬ǲ˷ѡ
˰ҶЩյ۾ʱʹסˡ
ѹָоĺ鲻ǴдĴӸ߼һȫŮӣԼ£һŭؿԼ
ϺãҶԲл񣬺Ȼе鲻ôˣֻѿڶʺȴеʱˡ
лҲû뵽ҶȻǰôѹ
ңһĶ߷
лڡ״̬֮в԰Σ˭ҶȻ޺ۣȻûĶʲôʵԵҺȴСϵǣ߷Щ֪룡
Ͼлĳﾭܹġϴ񡱣ʱãȻˡ
лܶӵҲϰ⻬ϸеԣ
ҶȴǲؽǰȥһѾץסлǰֻͦأ᲻ص¡
顭
һֻȭҶǰۡ
Ӵ
ҶлһȭʱðǣȻûбˣֻǴۿ棬ȴҲЩԲŶֱлһţһӾʹӴϷɵ˵ϡ
ҿ̵ľذ壬滹ë̺ӣûˤʹ
˵лܶӣ̫˰ˣԼˬˣҪɱڰҶһ۾һְӣŭغ
лˣͱòҪ䷿ߣȴԼ޴ƣҶ滹ճҶණģһرζеµĸо
øҶ˵л񽫱һӴƺЩֳҶƨţȻԡҡ
辿ô¶ӱŮ˸ԼˣԡдĻˮҶЩƵڵذϣۿȴǺɵúܡ
ʵл񳤵൱òǾоһ侯ֻ䵭ǵһпɽûܹժֶѣǰҶйڣҲûⷽ
ͻȻ飬ҶɵûղŷлϵĸоȷʵܲӴ
ֻ飬ҶŪףлӦòɧԼ˵ŮӰɣôʣҲڶҶһϵŵĶͷⷽ
Ҷȷڳл͹֮󣬲˯ġ
Ҳ֪ûУҶͷϸ˿ͷִϲûʲôرĺۼ϶ǲϳġ
ˣôûڴκκۼ
ӺܵرŮ˸ŪˣҶ뵽ڣʱܲ
ԡлˮҶһŰ߿ȥлϾô¶ģ뵽л̫һžܰԼ߳Ȼ󱩴һٵĿԣҶǾȻһ˵
аСʱӣԡҵŴˡ
лһԡ˳˵ɢȥЩڵġ
Ҷһۣͼл¶ļˣǶԼղ緢ϵļҷӦɵúߵҵĶˣʱôôܣ
ʵҶҲܿ϶л񵽵ûиԼʵԵĹϵֻǾƺЩ˼
лˣע⵽ҶڵϣһţԡȥҪ·
Ҷ򲻹ֻ߽ԡңһ߶ܣһ߶лԸ̡
ֹʲôлȻԡҵţüԵ

ҶһȻؿлȻûϵȻôҲ̫˰ɣ
뵽лȻܹҩԼȻڴϻ飬ҶҲȻˣǻоڲŮɫǰԼôѹס
Ǵ򲻹ģҶٶԼųֵ˽⣬ԸһС죬ӦÿԶԸĸǶлмңûһ߶գŮأҲϾоܶӵĸܶӳڸоеУ١
˼Ǹгίȫıͷӣܲ
ߣ˵飡лعš
㵱ŮԼӰУҶƵϴ裬˲˳
ֻվӵʱҶͿԼۿһƬ͵èۣⶼǰлǸŮͣҪҶүӿˣôͰ
ѵʵʵ˵˵Լоֵĵ̶Ů˸Լˣ¶֮󻹱˼Ҹһ٣Ƕôݶ鰡
ʱ򣬾ͷлѾˣҶ·һ۹ӣոߵһ滹Ǻӡ
Ҷү˵ԷʱȴҲû˵һʱ䡣
ҶȦ;Щ꣬Ҫųȥȴлľ棬ܻᱻ˵Σյߡ
˭֪Ҫ߳ȥĻ᲻ᱻǹأҶ뵽ֿԣͲܲСһЩˡ
ԼлǸŮȻϴˣȴǰҲûУԼԼеĳо˵᲻ɱڵ뷨ǼɱԼҲпܵġ
ʱҶүӺͶүӻҶƽٷŭҲ޼ˡ
뵽ЩҶͰˣʱ仹磬ɴֺɵ˴ϣŲһ
ֻҶܲƽһ۾лӵģȥҲɫɲֻͣÿYY˹ؼʱ̣Ů˾ͻ۾ԼһȭʱҶһƬ÷顣
ôԺ˯һ֮Ҷֱ˸ҡˡ
۾һͼһлУվԼǰ
Ҷ٣ʰһ£ҶүҪһò͡лѾ˿ΣһضҶ˵
šҶ˵ͷлһۣȴ˵װɣװô¶
лǰ·ƨһŤһŤӣҶг˱ĳ嶯ҪǰȥԼǵӣݺݵƨϼʮƣԽͷ֮ޡ
Ůˣʵ̫ɺˣ


224 ޲·
Ҷںţҧгݵؿлƨɡ
ŤŤȥƨɣ֪ôž뵽лĸлҲһǷļһΪ極飬ʰһ٣ҲǽͦģֻҶУл㲻ʲôˡ
ΪлһЩᣬžͰҲƽˣǲҸᣬʰСһأҲǱ˽֮ˡ
лǰţȻȽҲװĶѡ
Ǿ飬лֹܹˮĻҲ̫ˣʵҶһֱ˯ĻҲûʲôҶƫƫͻȻ˹һ緢һΣл޷
ʵϣǻһ˶л˵ĻŪҲ뾡ĥһУҶʵ̫ˣлȭţ֮ûа취ʲôӹֵ顣
ͬĻ̥һһŮһǰһڴڵؽУŲԴɰϵҷӰӣдȴǱ顣
лҶ쵼ҶǬ칫棬Ȼб˽ˡ
ڵĹرȽ϶࣬гίǵİȫ⣬й֮أҪүүҲþҪİʩУҪ¼ڰԱѯʱá
ò׽ȥ֮Ҷүȴдһλˡ
ѾӣȽϷʢȻҲĲһ㣬ô״ʢţϸĻʵÿ״涼ֲֻͬĲˣֻǷԷŵһмԴƬҶӻָᴮζ
ôĻͲĲˣֻһǺܴϲ˵ûиʲôڶ
˳ĸߴȴЩݣȥҲСˣҶүӱ޷˪Ҳ˼ߣ˫ָڴִЩط΢˱Σһ֪ǳһ˫֡
Ҷһ֮£;λӦ֮еģϸ֮£ȴַλȻЩˣƻģżү˵ʱ¶һ˿Ӣ֤ǰҲһλϹսľˡ
Ӱһʮ겻ˡҶүӿλˣЩ˵
ǰϰ೤ҲЩп
ҶһˣҶүӵ೤ǵʲôʱˣҲǿսڣ37¬±֮󲻾ðɣҶүֻ˸µİ೤ٶˣ
Ҳ˵λˣμӸӦҲҶүӲడ
Ȼλ˵ʲô飬ôھȥĻ˵Ҳʦ߸ϵĸɲˣԲӡ
ȻμӿԮѾųˣôȻûϢҶүʵ
ӵλˣЩεͷһ̴̫ңʦˣȥһǧ˶ˣҵʱҲ˶棬ű̧ȥģֻǵʱӣʲôǲˡͻع֮˵ǽпͰҰһǶʮꡣȵҵļָˣѾ˷ǣҲû뷨ˡ
Ҷү֮Ҳ̾˿ⶼҪΪ¶ںôҪһϽɣӱС˺ü꣬ڶǾί׳ˡ
ӺЦһ£֪ҶүӿеĶӣľί׳ίճĶүҶ
걪ӸҶүӴӣүӻСء
ڹôҶүʵ
аɣԼֵԼԡӻش΢һЩԥɫƺҪ˵ʲôȴûſڡ
л˵߰ʮˣʲô˵ģҶүӿ˳Щ˵
Ҷ֣ҶүӾָҶԱ˵ҶС㱪үүơ
ҶһƣȻҪźܵġ
Ҷүӵսϲ£ǲܶˣµģģ֮٣ëǣһһ϶Ҫúõдġ
ǻ˱ˣҶٲŲأǶҶүӵ󣬵һӣȥʵϾˣҶǷǳصģ¾ͽķھƵ˲Уض˵˵ǰ
٣þưӽӹ˾Ʊ֮ñᣬЦŶҶү˵ö겻ˣԼķƵǲ٣Ǹ̼ζһЩ
үүղƺЩҪ˵ȻǼүүͲôҶ廰¶ֲ̫࣬ãҪڲ˵ɾˡ
٣ʵҲǴһЩ飬ҲſڡЩԥ˵ǸطɣɽЩ귢չĲãɽĶ˲ɽĶ˲ȥҪ·ͺˡ
Ǿһ·Ҷүˣͷ˵
ؼǣûʲôǮ޲𡣡˵
Ҷүˣʲô˼ˣֻҪһ׳רΪĳһ·ƺҲЩףָָҶԱ˵ӣӣȥȥҰȥ峤ô
ˣʱЩͷϰ೤ӣȥǵ峤ⲻ̫ίզ˵Ҳõسаɣ
سûôõġҶүЦЦȥǵ峤޲·ͱ뿪Ǵ壡
Ҷһʱˣ˵¶ôİɣ
֪ɽôһ¶أ·Ĳޣʮ޲ͨҶҪѴõഺɽ𣿣
ðɣǴӵȷʵã׵ĻԼҲͰ·ˡ⻰ʱҲЩŵվ
ϰ೤ʲôݣ쵼ˣ׳Ҳд͵ΪԼӵ飬Ӱ˽ķչǰ;ǿɲС¶
㲻˵ˣ¶ôˣҶүһֵ£ϰ೤˵Ļ㱪ʲôʱҲҷˣ
ǣǡˣֻڨڨӦţ
ҶȴЩɽ¸СȻǺҪһ飬ҲԳһҶүȴ˲ϾҪɽܾð
ҶϣǵźܶҪģ˵׬ǮĴĿˣһĸսԣ뿪Ҷٵܹ˳
ɽϢһĨڵĻ¶ɾĶˡ
Ҷүӷˣûа취ԣϾ˻أܲ˿ҶүôһɲԼӶˣǳɺͳ
ƫƫҶүӻҪרҶһ䣬ղŵĻ㶼˰ɣ
ҶȻǳƣҲȴǱܲ⣬ɵЩ˵ˣ·ҶٻͰѻˣ޺·ɽ
ãǣҶǬӣҶүӽһģ˵


225 ҶҶ
ôǲʲô뷨ҶүӿӣЦʵ
Ҷɳ棬°ͣȻµġ
¶ô˵أҶҶүǰҲûʲô˵Ļɽ·飬ȻȥģǮҲںοսģԴӵǰŴŵɽ棬ĹӰ죬ǱȽϴģеòʧ
ҶΪģ޷ֱָӾ÷ĸˣǱ߶Ǳ߶ǹгϵһЩ̬仯ЩҪڴлУܹңָӵģĻϢͨôжгأ
Ҫ˵ոһЩüĿ׼δ޳棬ڸͶʣҵķȷʵǱȽϴģҶ˦˳һԪ٣Ǯ˵ĻҶ⣬ǳԼ϶ҲƲֵġ
¶ҶӲһЩŻȽϷġ
棬ЩԸҶүЦ˵
ҶүӴָ̣㾭ù˶׳ʮģḻôῴԼӵߣЩ
Ҷ˵ţ輸̣һ
Ҷ˳ִӲ輸һѣȻһӴǰŰ
Ǵûע⣬ӡУƺڵ⼸λ̣Щλ̣϶عְƤ̣û뵽үȻдǰţеЩ֡
ǰš̱йƷƣӢ̲ݹ˾5Ƴģ͡ϵӢš̨ƺһϺһʱ
ź󣬡ǰšչС
νġǰšʵڳǵţš
Ǻƽţڴ˾ʽʱһʫ찲ΰ׳ۡϲŶʣǹء
ʫǳţʵǡǰš棬ɴҲܹóʱǰšϵӰ
ְɣôëһĴǰţҶүЦ
ȷʵе֡Ҷͷ˵ڵ˷ǳϸֶӦýģǶǳع
ʵعֶȦпˡ
̫ʱһĴǹԱΪĽ룬˸취̵Ĺӳÿֻ֧ٵһܳ飬Դ̵Ҳعˣϡ١
ع̣Ҫǽ͵ˣԸ߲ع̣٣ѵһżҲǷðĶʱع̣Ͼһݵλϵˡ
˵飬ڵ̫뽯ǡǡ뷴̵Ӫһ𣬴Ӳմ̫̲롣
˵̫һ֧֧Ѭǵذѽ쵽̨ȷ˵һ̰̫棬ȫ̡
Ϊ̫ѩ̣ϾаģҪرϸҪѡϺõҶȥ̹ΪʪȣҪԽϹƤȻؼƯ֮ɹƣںɣ10֧1װ̺УҪר͵ǡ
ѩѲζҪã̻ҵҪҲ൱ߣ̻Ҵ3֣ɫڻɫɫõѩ̣̻Ҳѩף䵽ϻҪ̵״
Ϊ˼Ƿ񡰽ӻ𡢻Ұס㡢ζŨÿ֧Ҫ¼ⲿȼƷΪ飬ʦεҪ׼ȵ¡ƹߴ̶ֲòݻˮԽҰ⣬Žһ⡣عȫֹƣղΪ2030֧װð׺Уŷר͵ϾβһһΡ
عĹһ֧ϼʲϣһ⣬Ҫˮʯ
һΣ֧㲻ŵ̱˻ϵĴκţܿ˭ģ䳷ع顣
һΣԺᣬ쵼ţͷ˻𻨣̨һ󶴡绰Ͼ
ڡһ¼֮;عֹͣʹãΪȷ̫ʳѩ̵İȫаžٴϾǨ˾ǡ
ȻлҲԿǣ쵼ľûС¶ʳסеȸ棬γרԴڵعƶȣܶҵѾΪ̶ģʽˡ
ʵǰҲģĹϾҶүӴ̺һŵ棬ҶϣһڣŻ˵ʵǰţҲǸˣҪԭ֭ԭζĴǰţǲˡ
ҶͷģĴҶүãҲܹͨүЩʿļС
쵼ʳסУа൱ȫİţҪһЩǲ׵ģһЩ£пʵ֡
ܹˣһЩڿֵµһˡҶүӶҶ˵
ԭҶүҪȥģǳϳ¼ҺϷҵ߲֮㶯Щ󰲶ҶүӲòһ죬䵱롣
Ȼˣ˶үӵЩӰ⣬ʵҶҵӰҪһЩϾ֮ҶүӵӰڣҶƽίԱҲˣϽʵ֣мĶϲ㣬Ȼ鷳
Ȼģǽͬ־λòȵҶүӵԱȽǿʱҶүȥĻ߲̾ͻֺܶѹȥɽͷ쵼λҲṹɱȽصвʱɾͲʰˡ
ȻҪλϣܵСҶү˵ˣ֡һֻڱһֻԼ٣Ҳ֣һֿݼһƾġݼݼɵ֤ͨģҲɵĹ־ĵͬ־֣һͿģһǲģͿӹ̣غḶ́غȨ
ҶҶү˵ЩҲ
Щʵҵ涼ΪСŵ֮ںܶʱɺͲɶòʲô³ȨΣյģĹҲǿɱġ
ҶүӴʱЩ飬޷Ƕӵѡ
㻹ҪȥһӵģûлľͲ֪񼲿ࡣҶү˵ٲܰϰյϣǾƫˣ³Ԥϡȥﵱ峤һģɡ
ҶʱҲû̫౧ԹȻɽţ϶Щ㣬Ǳͨķӻǻеģʱһӵ˼֮Ҳ׶ˣҲΪ¶еôꡣ
ҶүӵĻ֮Ҷ֣رʾүүĺˣΪĺҼȲȱǮֲȱȨҪͼʲôϣ»㣬ȥ·ߣޣȥˣϣܵĴָ˵ҶǬӣȻǺģǶԵס˼Ұɣ֮ܶҾҶҶˣ
ҶүҶôһ˵ʱЦ΢΢ͷʾ⡣


226 ̷ʤܵĹ
Ա˳ŵģȥҶʲô̷ʤ̷ֶָҫıӣɫʹѵΪԼھˣ˼Ҷƨ㣡
ֶǳǷǣ̷ʤ־ŭ
磬ҶҶүͻȻֻɣΪʲôоΪ˽˱ڣֳ֣ΰ
үӵĻһڣʱֻ˾κˣгίǶеЩ㵣֪үָʲôͬ־ҲеܳԾϾоֱӹ쵼һ֧˵ǴҲûʲôס
оͻȻĳţͬ־Ȼÿ
үӵ֤ȷ䣬аĵľϣоҶļ¼ν֤ɽݲ˷
ɵǣо־ֳа츱μεĹо־̷ֳҫ̷ʤܣһӣˡ
үֻǽЩ׳֮󣬾ͲҪ˵ʲôˣмλίԱǷ׷ױʾо¶̫صð鲻죬ðҰ죬صӰоֵҲ˺ܲõĸЧӦʵӦúúõһˡ
гίǵУ˵û˵ʲôЭϯͱʾ˲Ϊо־̷ֳʤܰ²ûʸо
ϯʾ¶ľ̷ʤֶܵӣ˵ûйϵԼΪоֵľֳȻ˽ãоΪԼ˽˱ڣооֵ飿ػɣλͬ־⣡
ϯһǺзģ˵Ҳء
ʵ̷ʤҲûи׵ˣүҲʡ߹ٵĹ͹һȱӰСӦ˵Ǻϯ˲ӵֱǣúܶ˸е𾪡
Ҷүӵȴ׵úܣԹʱˡ
ǰһӣҲҶڽ̵ʱֶӱڻɽɱֱڻûץס֣ȻҶĽ£үӽµָ̨Ǳ߶û֮ǰϯ϶ƽġ
һ̷ʤܹ˽ãоΪֶӱڣϯز
ǵֶҲоĻҲھɥɽɣ
ҶүӶϯ˰̷ֵʤͬ־ȻЩΣҲδؾŵ֡
ҶүӴ˻ҲǱȽϿ͹۵ģо棬Ҳķ֮¶δؾ̷ʤԼģΪоֵľֳĸɲûһ۽磬֪ʲôʲô鲻
Ҳ˵˽ȷʵӦãоӦ÷ʡ
ͬ־ȽΪѣϾ̷ʤˣ飬һҲĻҲ˵ȥҪаΣҲһ⣬ϾҲϻ۲
ΨײǲԣӦþ߱ҲûʲôڸĴ⣬Ļúͷʹġ
ͷһˣͷһҪһβ˵ĻᡣҶү˴
͹Žͬ־ʾͬˣϯȻЩԸҲû˵ʲôϾҪͬ־ӣûбҪΪһС¸òɿ
Ǿˡͬ־ͷȷ˵̷ʤͬ־а߶̫࣬оǱ߶©ҿǻоֵĹȽϺһЩ
Ȼûʲô飬Ͷͬˡ
оһ£оֳָξֳͬʱа츱εͷζǲأǳϮԭȵĴͳȻа츱ְ񣬱о֮⣬а߶ȴûзֹʲôݡ
һ㣬ҶүҲǽͬ־ͶұҶһοϾ̷ʤܵеǳѹסоЩͷǣɴ˳һЩҶүӵϲˣҲչҶүӡ
Ͼ̷ʤֶܵȥҶүӵӣ˼Ҳƽ쵼ΣѾܸˣҪòҪһЩģ̧
̷ʤܵõϢ֮Ȼޱȡ
Ȼ˵а츱ζоֵ쵼ȨʵϽӴȴǺܶ࣬Ҳͳˣϻˣаһְ˸Ӱ졣
̷ҫϵҶҵҶ˸ץ˴ڣ¶Ū÷зҶ֪ˣе޵ݣԼôôֶأ
̷ҺôҲңȻûг쵼ĴȴҲһССͻȻôһŵֶӣȷʵ˺ߡ
̷ʤܻ֮󣬾Ͱ̷ֶҫ溰ͷؽѵһͨ
һСƨô̷ҫ汻ѵһ٣Щ
ʲôСƨ̷ʤܺ޲óӣ˼ǵõ˷ͬ־ͬ־ͬʱ͵ĺǰ;˼ҵүүиף˶֣Ҷүӻгί˵һҵǰҶʵʵغ˼׳ģСƨǵ𣿣
ҵʱֲ֪ô̷ҫȻǲΪȻ
Լһ׳ͬ־ǰˣܿҪаˣսļƻҲҪίԱеģԼҶҲ˿ǿ̷ʤܻı飬֪˺˻ǲܱȵģ̫󰡣
һΪ㣬оֵĲ¶ˣ̷ʤ̾˿Ҵ͸绰㻹ǻȥɣǵˮ̫ʵǲʺԺ󻹲֪ǵʲô˵ͷأ
̷ʤܵһε飬ɴСҶҲģټЭϯоп˵ҪֱǿԵģֻҶҸͬ־֮Ĺϵпɣ˫ǴںʱڣԲŻһ档
ͬ־о־ֳλ˳ҲǶҶұʾһ⡣
ڽͬ־УȻҶҵķҪԼĻžʦҪˡ
̷ʤֻϣԼܹ˳ӣΪаΣɨƽֵĵ·ˣһʱĳɰʱûбҪȥǡ
ȻԹԼ̷ֶҫϣΪԵʣԼҲôеʱڣĴ󣬲һͷ
̷ҫȴʮֵĲԸ⣬壬ûɶ¶Ժʵ£ҪߣҪǻ飬Ұֻðȴϰ
ھȸϣΪ˼Ҷûб´ȣ˼ֻģֻʩͣǶǿҵϣ˵ǿڽͬ־ϣҲֻģΪԼھ޵ˣ޲ɼ̷ʤЩջ˵
ֶӣ̷ʤЩĸоĨǽϣľɵ˵ľ̷ҫ氡
Ϊ˴룬̷ʤܾԼ̷ֶҫϻȥҲһźţҶұ̷ҫѾΪܵӦеĳͷ̷ˡ
ܹĻ˼ҶƾʲôΪĻڹأ


227 һ·ȷ棡
ϴôСɽ峤үӶҶүӱԹ
ҶҪűүүؽе峤飬Ѿ˶үӵĶ棬öүЩ⡣
ڵƬɽ·߲˵ͨҲ㣬İҶӵľ͸ؽյʲˡ
үӾҶүЩˣȫҶȥһЩĵطȥҲ׳һЩǲ׳Ҳ֤һƽƽҵ
ȥ˽ɽĻǿĿֻһ·ˡ
ѵ˵ĿҶ޹ػ
˵Ҷҵļ̳ˣҲǸõĽɫ
Զү벻ͨҶүӵΪϴϣЩǷˡ
Ҷүӿһ۶үӣ˹˵ҲǱ֮£ľСͷԣҪˣһգ۾ҵģϵؽ¸Ҿãһ֮ġ
⻰ô˵үˣ;Щ档
ƣǰͬˡҶү̾˿ƽһȫǿǵ񣬶ίԱλãԺǲˣýϢԽԽˣǶڸ߲쵼ɲŮǵĹĳ̶ҲˣСҪɽ;ô׵顣
үˣϴ˵ĻҲû
ͨѶˣһС¶Ƭܹ֮ȫ
˵Ҷȥ˽ʡǵһСԱ¶ں̵ܶʱڱعҪ˵ʲôˣԼбһܱ֤Ķǣϵ׶ƿ
һ鷢ǿɾǳ׸;ˣҲûпܾ
Ҷȥ鱻֪ˣѱĽ
ԭˣүˣʱǰһҶүӵġ
ҶүӣȻΪɽȷʵ̫ˣҪͨϰ೤Ĺϵһ·ڶϰǵ
ȷʵҶүͳȫ۵㲻ܽһɽĳС棬˵ӵĴҪ·ôȫأжɽҪ·أ
Ҫ֪Ȼ൱ɽϰǣòƣӵģ
кܶɽ壬ЩߡѧѧҪ;漸ʮɽ·ܵѧУ
ԣҶүû취ҪеĸɲȥҪҶȥһЩ飬˳ġ
ΪҶҶǬӣ
޺·ɽҶһ仰ҶүӾο
үڶ̶̵һ˲䣬ʹһ¡
ҶүӾҪͨ飬߱ˣǹȥɽʵȥˣ
ʮˣɽ·޲־ҶǬûɲȥ֧
Ҷ˵ĻҲ޺·ɽ
ʲôţȻδؾͼǵ޹ɽȴҲǳ޷ľ
һҵӵܣҷ˴ĺԸҶҵӾ͸ң
ɾǹ˵ҶҪ;ˣһʼҪµģܹóɣʵʵһҹ֮£Ҳûܹʲôë
ǲҲȥԼǲҲб£飿
ȻˣǱôڣǾδвҶүӺ󳾵ɣҲûмλݵĴҶүӵ󣬺ѧ
Сѧ̫˼Ұıүͨеŵɵ̾
ҶүӺ˿ڲˮ侲طȻⷽĿǣΪ˱˵飬ʡ⣬ɽ·Ҳкܴ⡣Сһιȥ·ȥˣҲ̽·ȥˣȻˣҸϣȥпһ·ΪҶҽ뽭д򿪾棬һ·ȷ棡
ҪδһЩСʮĺӶѡͣһӣүӲ˵
ǻ᳤ġҶүӵش
λԶ˷ľϵļƬҶȴǶҶǰ;еΡ
λү̸Ҷʱʮĺڴս
ѧô˵Ļ̱֫˴ϣЩʵ
ʲôһʽûԹءҶȻһ͵ӣȥȥһƿϳšӾͺ
ôϣ㲻θʹбڴͷý֮Ҫλز¶ڿУԵøˡ
£ů㰡Ҷش
ǵůȷʵ㣬¶ȹжʮġȣҶҲʲô⣬෴Ϊղŵһϻеڵĸоʱһ޶صϣžˬ
ȥɽǱ𣿡ЩƲֵʵ
մǱ߶صǣҶоָߵϢżȴӵҶĵ绰˵Ѿˡ
ԭû¶ˣһ󽻻֮Ҷȴֶ˵Ҫȥĳɽ·ȥˣ楸е־ȣҶүӵӣҪȥҲûбҪ쵽ôҵɣ
͵һȥͺܹ˼ˣȥʲôɽ·ǺӦ
󲿷ֵĸ߼쵼˵ӵܣھǲίҸְȰһȵˣųȥԼҵ̶϶꣬ǲ㾭ˣȻٻתǣѼȥȻٳ׼ųȥ
֮䣬֪һٳֵˡ
ΪҶҵĵģҶΪʲôܸľأ
Ϊүĸ¡ҶЦ˵
ҶүӹȻĸ֮߳;ӵǣֻһԭ򣬵ǸҪģҪһҶʵôĻУҶܹɱһѪ·ôҶүҲܷˡ
ͬʱҲöǿһҶҵӵʲôԲλȥɡ
楶ͣʵǺ⣬õҶүֲεĴӦòʲô֮ˣһһҲŸε⡣
һԭɣʵ
ԭ򡭡ҶЦ˵ͺ˵ˣһҪʡҶҵĵ̶
ŶˣĿһ̷Ӧ˹ȻвҶҵĵ̶ôүðɽ·壬ŵȥɾһӽһӣȻǲκˣǱ˼㶼ҪŵģΪ˼ɣǴҶᵣıķԼ
Ҷ楣Ц⣬û뵽ôͷӦ˹
楣ҲһĴԵ֣楲ԸҵṩͬʱҲܹṩһЩǷǳѵá
ԣʵҶڽʡĿ·ȷ棡楿ҶЩ˷ܵ˵˵ʡֵĿ·ȷ棡
㻹濴ҡҶ˺仰ͿЦŻش


228 ǾҸ㴴һ񼣰ɣ
¶аŶˡʡίĽϢ֮ҲǾþ
ҶүӶսŵҶȥɽ·飬ʱ߲ĺܶ˶֪ˣ˵Ľ㣬Ȼ䵽˽ʡίͷϡ
Ҷүûиʡ潲飬Լӵǹƥ뽭ɽϰ·⾿һʲô˼
ߣԺܵΪҶүûʲô˼ҪҶȥ顣
ΪһίԱʡίǣĽ׾Բô룬ɵˡ
ȻҶүӶڽʡĹܲ⣬ԲŻľ
ϵʵ伫ѽ
Ľ̾˿ʱЩͷ֪ôҶүӵж
ʡĵλãʵǱȽԽģҲŹҵ߲ʡú綼ȹӦھ֮£ʡķҲڼֲУ󲿷ֵĵطһЩķչˮƽڵʡݻҪͲ˵ûˡ
ʡίʡⷽĹģڴˣ
ѵҶʡί鳤Ľһԥ֪ȡᣬһ
Ȼô죿Ľҡҡͷ浱Ҷү˵Ǵ磿һӾ͹ȥˣȻȥڰһ£˵ݲͬȻҲͲܹԴˡ
ʵڶҶүӰҪʡɳӣȴҲûʲô취ܴҶ֪ɳӵ̫ҲֹΪ˼Ҷүӵɺܳ㰡
Ϊ˰սѸƼѻҶү۰ӶɳˣҪȥɽȥ·ϰڶĺ쵼ǻ˵
ǽʡ˵ȱĭģʡίĽס
Ҷүһֶģ޴мܣȻıʡί鳤Ҳɵ̾˿
ȻҲܹĹؼڣԶҶүӵԣ
ʡӦΰɣͷ۵ˣʵĽ˵ʡίϣʱҪʲô
ʡί鳤˵ͷΪĽҲǺʵġ
ϾҶҶ̫ӵݣܴʲôٴӹٷĳ޷ģ;˽ʡίȫԲ¶װ֪Ϳԡ
ʡǱ߶ͱȽͷˣնʡҶҵҶƽ֮䣬кìܵģǰһΪʡɱ飬նҪ˳Ľ׵νʡίǵ飬Ҳˡ
طõķչӦ˵ʡֱΣѧԺɲͦն˵һ㣿ôеɽȻһչͷûУڻȥҶүȥԮ
һնʡ
ȻҶУĲ˵һ֪Ǵնˡ
ͨ˿޷һ㣬Ǹ߲Ǽˣĸ벻еĹؼ
ΪѧԺصʡԱնҲڵһʱ䣬֪Ϣ
ʱûоǶ¶Ƭ֮ͷӦˣҶҳᣬҪˣһģ˭֪ҶҵĵҶѾʼ׼뽭ˣ
·
ն֮󣬶ʱ֮Աǣеɽжôӣֻȥ˲ֻ֪Ҫ޳һ·죡
˵ҶҵҶģ޲·ɽɵĻҲ˵ҶҵĵҲǵȶ֮ˮ׼ˡ
һԼǰ;ŵΣգҿκϣľأǶԼļ˲ΰ
ʡɽռȫʡ֮һңڵĸʡɽΪܼһ质ڵǸأƾأ˿ڲʮȴǷֲڴССɽͷϡ
ƾصĽͨжôֻȥ˲
նҪȥƾӲ칤ǱרԱģ֪ҪȥǸطǴ质ҲҪϲܵ
ںܳһζ·ϣ϶׸ΨЧġ
ҶүӾȻӸ˹ȥⲻԼұŤ
նΪ飬ܸʡĨ֮⣬ûʲô¶ĿԣΪնռƣʡ֮ƾûа취Ҫ˵Ҷһɽˣ浱Լ޹ܹƾһ֮ж죬ظɽγһׯǼֱǳ˵Σ
ҵҪȵȿҶƽĶӣѵĳͷ۲ɣնԼĸɽ˵
ҲûţֱӸĽ״кƾصίǣˣָʾֻһҶ·
նͲţûеط֧֣ƾһȺϰǣܸɳʲô飿
·ô򵥵һ飬նȥˣ
Ҫƾһ·ҲǲԣǸͶĳɱҪ޽һͬȵĸٹ·ˣնôȥⱾ⣿
Ҫһ飬ҪһͶرͶͻرزɱбҪȥȥն϶ǲͬġ
Ҷ̸·ʱҲᵽ⡣
ʡĹԱǣ϶ǻģֻһȺϰգôó飿ЩǵҶʾ
·ô׵飿ӿ̽ѡַƵʩⷽҪ˲Ų٣Ϊؼľǳʽԭϡ
ƾرĽͨͷǳѣǰ漸ܹ㶨һԭϵ䣬Ҳһ⣬û֧ⷽԮ·Ҫôأ
ɲһŶҶЦŻش
ȻҶƺЩгӣ楻Ǿ̫дˣƾصҲ˽⣬ͼüˣ˵·ˣһɽ·ѡһүƾ·ĺ˵֮٣ðķռ죡
ҳϣҰ飬Ǿ˵Ѿ߱˳߱𣿡ҶȻ΢΢Цţ˵
ǣĺѣȻûпκγɹĿܡҡͷ
Ȼ˵ҶŮˣӦϴҲĶҶ˵¶̫ˣ¾ܸ㶨Ļʲôôأ
ЩģҶһӾͺ⽭еɽ֮ˣĻԼôأ
Ҫ˵ҶϵеЩŮǣгҵĴС棬ѵͿϸҶɽ楾ǲ׶
㻹Ƕ̫ûˡҶ楳ٽӣɵ̾˿ѵ㲻֪Ҷڵ壬Ǳ䲻ܵΪ𣿡
ڴ漣ȿ϶ҶĲܣͬʱֱʾҪƾصɽһׯѾˣ
ǾΪ㴴һ񼣰ɣҶЦ˵


229 ӵݺܺ
֮ǰҶȥһ˶ɽׯƺӣͬ־
СԳӭӵһ˽ɽ飬˵㷢ºԸ޲·ɽ
ţô˵Ҷ˵ͷ϶ػش
ĵоⱲǱɽˡСһͬؿҶ˵
СȻЩ߰ʵҶǺܹĵģϾ
Ҷ˲ûо⣬ʽȷһ³̣Ȼͬ־ͷˣҶүҲͷˣֻҪ˳ַ¶ҲǶˣʲô仯
ΪˣСҲҶĴڣĲ˵ϴνҶһʯ鱦ͺ˵ˣһ͸Сδػпһ۵Ȥ
զ죿ҶЦʳС㣬ҳɽǲǻῼҪˣ
ߣǿɺ˵ŶС㰺ͷҶȥ
ҶЦЦųС㣬˿
ͬ־Ħû¥Ҷ׼˳ڼ棬ȻΪҶĵϵĹġ
ǻ˵̫ˡһҶ֮󣬾ЩԹرʾ
ֻ˵ֻδȫһƬġ
仰˵ǹٳ׼Ϊ˴֮Ҷ˼ǰ˵Ļеˣʲô޲·ɽĻһ˵
һ˵ĻҲͰˣҶһ˰
ΪҶҵĵҪҶƽУӹҶ쵼ȨĴĹؼôܹ˵ôεĻأ
ҲͬȥУҶʵ
ɿҶһۣػشеǳӣȻ˵ѧԺִ֣ʵδؾôǷһүҲģȥзչ϶⣬еԵɣҲ޴Ӳ²⡣Ҷȥɽ·飬ЩˣѵаƾôӵĻУ޳һ·
ΪɸҶƽ֮ĹϵԼҶͳ֮ϵͰҶԼŮˣ˵ʱҲҪôĽֱֱӴǡ
û취ҶĻûʲôɻġ
һҲûСҶʵʵػش
ǰ˽ɽ𣿡ʵ
һӵͼҲѼһЩϣϻӡġҶش
Ϊ֮ǰҶүӾҶȥзչ뷨ҶͶԽʡ˽⣬ֻû뵽ôߣֱӱҶүӸսѣӽɽ·ȥˣͻȻ
Ȼڽʡ˽⣬Ϊʲôô嶯ľˣЩˡ
ΪҶ˿ɣֿ˿һԣ֧ԴԼĳС㣬һ²ŻشΪҪеһֱ۸оүӵҶһ³嶯ˣʮķӣ
嶯ķӣҶ֮ȴЩ
С֮һãȻ֪ҶҪʲôΪʲôҪôõһӡأ;˻֮⣬ûһĺôɣ
ΪʲôҪôأСһҶ
ţ׳ͬҲܸȤ
ΪӲûԸǷӡԱ߶Цҵû뵽Ȼļʶܹһԭ᳹ȥĻʡûôնҪͷʹˡ
ҶЦЦСеɸڣͷһɣͷ󲿷˶¶񣬶ǲмȥģӻûʲô˼ɡ
һӣ¥ͻȻ˳үӵ˵
ʿĲ£ͬ־ЦָҶ˵үүҶϻȻҶӣǴȥĻƹٳϸͻˣҪȥųϣ
٣үүáҶͬ־æ˹ȥһ߶ֱۣͿؽɳ£彡Сǵĸ
ͻˣƽ˲Ǹŵĸɲ緶үЦ˵
СҪһģʲôƳСҲϲҶ˵⻰ʱȫûСһ۾еȷʵӣһ仰Ҳ˵Ҫ˳չذ·͵ˣᣬЩЦ˶εķСû취Ҳֻװɵȡʤˡ
һõطϧ⼸ķչȴ˸е⡣ү˵
Ҳ˵оֲķչǿԵģҪڵչزƽ⣬󲿷ֵԴʽ𣬶ĳЩȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷΪ仰˵ú
˵еնΪԼȫʡ֮ʡݸһִУʡλӣϾǴģԭдݷչͷһ½ʡίǵıȴû뵽ڽзҶĴɱ¼Ϊϵ飬¶һЩϸϵ⣬ǵҶ˶Խжֵɣʡίǵıʧ֮ۡ
ڣҶһͷɱ˽УȻֻǺųɽ·ȴҲԿҶȾָеĿʼնӣ϶Ƿǳѹˡ
·ްǰ˳顣ͬ־ȻҶ˵
ҶˣЦ
ү˵ǲ⣬ֱӾָеĹؼ˲һǵҶ޲֮·ǵҶ޺·֮ʤʵ˸ߡ
ϾвҶҵĽУնڽʡӵкǿȫһ㣬ԭҶʤʵӲضߡ
ȻҶϿ϶ưոݣնѾɼȳʵôҶܹõͻˮܶˡ
ɽǱ߶质뺷Ȼһ־Ҷ˵Ҿã·ϣ棬Ķǿõġ
ͬ־֮󣬵˵ͷаЦҶǴȺ·ˣһ仰˵ִġũΧСɽĸˣûʲôܹʤʵߣĻϰǲӦġ
뺷ĺʲô˼ǺԵġ
һϰյ֮󣬻ӵģүҲҶӦԼ̴ͨ㣬Ը
ҶȥУ˽֮⣬Ҫ裬ֻн˵أܹϰյ֧֣Ȼп·һϸߵ쵼λʡõҶҵС
ͬ־ͬҶǶҶүӷİͽɽ·ǸеЩˣϾҶһ⣬Ҳ֪Ĵ峤Ƿɽϰյֺ֧ΣܹҶүӽ
ҲգĿԴڽоܸöɣͬ־˵
үүҪϷĻҾԲеĵġҶЦŻش


230 
ʮһµףʡ质ƾأԭίǲˣίǳٳûв
ʮ³ʡ칫һλ·ƾأΪµίǡ
είǽ˵ʮңشĸɲ棬Ȼܸ̫ӵᲢۣȴҲΪ֣ڴѾ࣬ԭſҪεģȴϱɵôƫƧɽأίǡ
칫ĺܶˣΪǰ;еϧΪһǵʲô˼Ҷ֣쵽ɽ棬һڵˣ
ƾʲôط质ҲҲڶˣȥǰ;
һ仰˵ʵȥƾҲ⣬ɽ߻ʵԶֵ¹ʮϰգ˵˵һٲȻ⽮ĴԼӪõǿһƬΧӣò򲻽
ͬǵ֮УӺŮһճһ·ƾء
ʵһЩĳҲеģֻȥƾص·ʵ̫ˣҲԽҰܺһЩļճܹȻˣһ˵Ļֻ·ˡ
㵽׵λô㷢䵽ƧˣķŮЩԹ˵
Ůʮ꣬˳һ꼶СﳤֳȳʱĻ棬˯š
˯еŮһۣҲЩǸΡ
һƾأȻʡնǰģնаţǰ飬һƾί̰֮ʡβ
ʡĲǺģԷŲȨһԱǼˣǿͿģЩʡԱǣҲǴüĿеĲж
˵Դ˲ģҲǲܵġ
Լʲô͹ˣŸҲеģ֮Գٳٲθ޷ǾΪûŶѣնʡͻȻҪѵնɱ֣Ҳûоܾ
˵Υն־ô˵ʲôΣ¾ڵλöס
һܿˡļ򣬳Ǹ˵ƾʱ䣬֮㰲˾ˡ
Щʵôһأֳʲôô㵱
ȻڻƾίǵĻ˽⣬һЩٳʶǺģ֪طǳĵطҶԸƫƫһ绪ïĴ
µķ䣬ʲôý͵ԭ
ɷôһ˵ƺлһЩεĻɲеЩȡ
һƾأûгʲôˡػӦһ䣬˵Ͳˡ
ĺɣҲ֪ʲôĻɷҲ˵ϾŵһְˣʡҲһ
ǣЩ֮˽֪һЩΪá
˰ɣ뵽һֿܣЩǵѯʵ
ǵڡʧЦ
ɱ˷Ż飬ôȥǰʡն뷨ҶӵĺȣҲмһЩҪ۸˼ңҶүӶ֮ŭһնʲô͸㲻ʲôˡ
ϸһ㣬ӽӵնʡķԸ֮󣬾ᳵӣ质ͶûȥֱӾɱƾضΪľռȻ·ķѵʱ̵̣ܵȡս빤״̬ԼƾصҶγΧ֮ơ
ʡǵƾأһ·Ѿʱ䣬Ƿǳˣ·质Ļֵϵг̡
ۿŻһ죬˾ܵƾسˡ
ţʱնõϢҶھûжأȵҶ̣ƾصĻ˵Ҫʮʱ䣬ʮĻڣȫԽƾصһ̵档
ʱҶ֮󣬾ͻ֣ܻᷢᱻΧµͬͰһ㣬˵һʮСӣҶү٣ʲô취
ԼǺŵģȻΪȨλòʡնⲢ˵һӹˡ
ʵϣڰ칫ôЩº·ëҲһЩڴ뷨ԲŻնУѡɵƾѹҶҸ˷Ļر
ǸµµΪͨţնҲ
˼֮䣬ĴͻȻҲն͸Ϊ緽㡣
ʡãǻʺ
ڵˣնڵ绰еԵ÷⽹
ʡһ·ûͣЪҲûȥ质ھƾأֻһ·ˡشʡʲôָʾ
Ŷնˣһ·̣˵ͷҲǾˡ
⻰ʱЩɻ󣬲֪նʲô˼
Ҫʵʱն˵һ·ҲҪ̫ˣȥƾأȺúõһ£Ȼ
ʡǲǳʲô飿Сĵѯʵ
ҶѾƾˡն˵⻰ʱҲЩơ
ôܣ˵ϻھ𣿣̾ˡ
ϵʱն黹绰ѯγ֮⣬˵Ҷھǣôڲʱ֣ҶѾƾˣѲҶжವһͷɹˣ
ʱ;¶ţһ鱨˴
ûʲôܵģ˼Ҷ˿վֱСʱͽ⡣ն˵ʱҲһı
Ȼ˵ΪʡʡҲһӰʡȴܵϾ˾ϸǰһʡ¶Ȼ֮󣬶ϾͽʡĺܶȨջȥˡ
նҪһֱĻҪԶϾ˾ɲΪԼôӣҶϾ˾Ա϶ͷҶƽĴҶӽϽôӣ
ԣֻճǰƾظΣһ·糾ͣ˲ƾصسǣ˼ҶŲæСʱͷɵƾϿգǲడ
鲻Թ㣬ҿǲˡնʰһ飬ڵ绰жԻ˵ĽͷϷϣܹƯ񣬲ҵС
ʡģһǵҰա֣ر֤ƾƾĵطЩ̫ӵҫҵ̨
ţܺãնرʾͣҺܿģ
ϵ绰֮󣬻ȴûиղֳ˼飬Ҷĵһ࣬ûظܵˣʲôǴŵӵ硣
ѹնôţƵҲߪâֻ˶ΣСķ˼鷳Ѿܹ˵⡣
һǶµӲ̰̾һ
˯еŮ΢΢üͷӣԼδǰ̣͵˶־һսδؾͻ䰡


231 ʥ
٣ô硣Ž»ƶĲãأЩпضҶ˵
һƾأһ˵뷨ҶӦôӾɻһСʱʡݣȻϢϻ𳵻һʱ质տʼԽҰܱȽϺõĳʼƾسһ·Ͼֿʱ䵽ƾɽȻ󻻳ͽʼΪһг̣˳ִƾؾ
;иӦͷ֮飬гһ졣
˵һ˴Ӿǵƾأһҵʱ仹ǱȽϿ͹۵ġ
Ҷʲôأôôؽʱ䶼ķ·ϣ
һֱܴͽȫ⡣
Ҷȫ棬Ҳֱ˵ҪҶĹжôն
һֱ棬ɾװ˲ˡ
һ·֮ϣܿܶ಻ͬķǽ˽ʡ֮󣬱ƽԭϲɽȣǳ
ҶаοǣʡϲɽԼеĻɽҰ룬ɽˮɽֲʷǳߣӦ˵вٶģɽϰյҲ򱱷һЩʡݵɽôࡣ
ҶĴֱ֮ԶĵطһͬͺŵֱȴֱһЩر豸൱Ҷһθνʡ
ôֱʣһôó
ЩпͲɵ˵һ䣬˵Ҷ£ʵǱȽ硣
ҪҶֿһζӵ֮УĻɵÿҶһۣͷԼСؼյ£Ȼû¶һĵɫ
治֪ȫΪĴ࣬û壿
ҶԼȴ²ں棬һֽʡͼʱشӿиһ£Ǧڵͼ湴һЩǺ
ͼʵͼ֮䣬ȻкܴĲһҲ
ֻҶõĵͼǾڿģȥҪˣʵձҲǺܴ
ⲻ粻⡣Ҷ֣صرʾΪʱ޹·ģô޵ҼϣֱܲҲǰһƷڵȽϸߴѡ
ŶԭǵԼʱ򲻹𺳣ûĻˣʱЦ
ɣǺǡҶͷش
ô˵ҶҲһʮУѧѣͻȻҪɽɽƾϰյͷҪڱǴʼ޳һɽĴ·Ȼô׵ġ
Ȼ˵ֻ޳һӳɽĴ·ʵϸ޳ƾصĳɽ·质ϵĳɽ·Ҳûжķֱ
Ϊ·쳣ޣԶҶɽ̾ѣûܹжȺɽ֮дͨһ·
Ҷһ֮أ֪
楴ӿпɽĵ֮󣬾;Щ鷳Ⱥɽ಻֪һǱǵĴڵĵط
ҶͼȦһλãȻӿָ楿ʱע⵽ʵϱڵλãѾɽıԵˣֻһɽبǰӲضס˳·
˵ҲǺѣһɽըܹͨɽĵ·ˡҶָָض˵
極ûʲôȴ۶ȻǶҶĻЩΪȻ
ӿпȥһɽʲôǵǰʱ򣬲Ż֪ɽжߣжɽըҩը
ֻҶҵ˵ҲԸ֣ȥǸˡ
һԣЩؿЩɽ֪ʲô顣
ΪƬɽľ񣬱Ȼ࣬ȴҲûлᣬӿؿȺɽȫò
úһԽƬɽϾһƬƽԭд󺣡
ֻҪ·ͨˣ˵Ĵǣӭһδ
үӡҶͻȻڱ˵ԣָɽ˵ֻҪɽͨ·޺ˣƾأɾų󺣣ůˣ
û˸ţһ֡
űűűͬͬգҲʷˡ
Ҷʱ룬ÿǱ˵ûмھĻڹҾҪһűˣ⵹еŤģһ룬ڸŮֵʱһ͵
˹ŷ֣Ҳˣ˽Ҳ磬Ҫʲô֣֮Ҳ˽ǾͱȽ϶ˡ
ɽʵ˵ֻɽ·ͨ䲻㣬޷ԲŷչűүӶҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷӿиҲ˽߶ɽ˵ɽ浽ǱľƷƲƷӹüǮ˵ɽҰζҩʲôˡ
ʱֱ͵ű˵ĴϿ
ӣȫǽʡ质ƾشʥ壬˼һҲܵʥ˽̻ģʥԲôһ֣Ҷ뵽ǰʲô˲õĴ
ȥʥĴ󣬵ҲΪƽ̹߶ɽƲԶϾƣȥмƽôһطЩɽϽķݣЩЩƽİɽȺӣȺɽ֮еƽشֲ൱ũȥҲܲԶҶҪõöࡣ
ֻűҲҶ˵ɽˮȻɽȪ棬ѣǶڴֲԣҪǿԷɺĻ⻹ǱȽϴġ
ʱϵѾ˿еֱкܶСڵţӶֱۣ쳣˷ܵػӭ޴ĸ޵ĵ
ֱɻڿ֮ͣ󣬾һƬƽĵط
ȵ֮ͣҶ˲ţһȥ
˫ڼʵĵ֮ҶŶƬɽ˱Ƚʵڵĸо
ղһֱǴӿиʵûʲôֱ۵˽⡣
ĵһоǿǳ£Զľĳ֮󣬸оβǱˮϴһ飬ˬֻԼ֮УܹŵдĴڷϢԵЩв㡣
ֱϵļʻԱܿͷӣ
ΧСǣЩϢĴǣʱѾ׷Χǿűֵʱ򣬶׷׻
óűڴŻǺܸߵģȻ˺صȺڻ
ҶԵͷԼһιȺһӦǱȽϼˣűȻ͹ϣԼүүǿ彡ڴĵλߣԼ·ľ䣬ܲúõһ
ʥҶȻʥֺ˼гɵЦ·飬ҶǱȽڴģҲܹ뵽·޳֮ľ޴棬ûҶʥ壬ˢˣ


232 峤ôˣ
Ҷϻôģˣֹһ
ͬ־仰ʱ򣬺ͬ־ס
ҶҵҶҪȥɽ·飬ʱѾڸ߲м䴫ˣЩҪǣ֪¶
ֻҶүΪʲôҪȥ·ҶΪʲôҪģ޲·ɽû˲µ͸ˡ
ٷͬ־˹ڴʱСϢ֮󣬾е˼ΪҶүӸҶ֮һʲôЭģ򲻴ܳ
ϾҶķչ֮·Ӧһ˳ŶԣȫûбҪȥðôķա
Ҷүӵ뷨Ҳסͬ־ҡҡͷ
ͬ־˲ڰݷ̽⣬ҲкܴԭҪͬ־˵һ˵ڵĹص㣬ȷ˵ڹниƺƲ顣
ֻżᵽҶ飬˷ͬ־صע
Ϊ͵ԭȻ˵ͬ־һЩǴϣһЩϵ˼·ȻǶЩƵС¶ЩˣҲȥеĻȻҪͬ־ѯһ
ȴû뵽ͬ־Ҳеϸڣͬ־ɵЩ⡣
ô¶أͬ־ɳ棬΢΢۾ĥ
κһλһһĿģ˵˵ҶģһҶүӵľٶʵЩ˿͸ˡ
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ͬ־ͷ˵ɽǱ߶ȷʵ·ҶǬͬ־Ȼܺ˱ˣְȨרȥΪ·ȴǽԼ˹ȥݶĻǺܴġ
ôһͬ־еҶүӵ⡣
Ҳٰ֮սѵҪԼ޷쵽ôӹȥͬʹ࿪ʼ·ҲܹĹȥ˰ɣϾ˼ҶǴԼǰ̣ɽһˡ
˵ʵɽҲ˽ͬ־˵θӣʯͷɽ·ѣҲˡʽҪܶͶ룬Ҷʱ֮ڸͼ˳ЧѵҶϸʮ겻ɣ
ʮҲδؾܹ޺һ·ͬ־̾˿޵ع·ع·˶ˣҶȥûеʱôð¶ʮʱ޳һɽĴ·ǹˡ
ͬ־Ҳʾʮ޳·质߶״ͨ彫ǳش质ܹΪеĺ԰ṩֲҵһЩũƷıϡĻԸһ
ǵǹģһӣҲֹڸˡͬ־ЦʱĻǿ԰⻰˼Ҷ˵һ˵СӼӰѾ
ǡͬ־˵ͷ
ҵͷǣҶүӵľҲǱһ
ҶǬ浱ԼˣЭϯϢ֮ԵЩΪȻ
ô˵ϯķЩס
ɽȥģȻ⵱ȻȺɽƣһطȦͨǳ㣬ɽĶ˲ɽĶ˲ȥϰյӹñȽһЩᵽ¶ϯ뵽飬ȥ׵ģûٳԿͷɽҲȽϱ뺷öԸҶһӹȥ·ҿֿˡ
ϯķȴôҿ˼ҶүӻǺмǵģԼӵǰ̶ѹϣҲҪսһųƵˡ
ǣˣϯһ䣬Ȼŵͷ˵˵ʵҲͦģԼģҲͬΪкֻܶ࣬Ϊɽ·һġ
ϯ˵ҶˣҶ˽һЩ뷨Ҳ·;ҶҵһҪҶƽǰ̸ΪԶôһӣҶҲúõȥ쵽ɽ棬˾벻ͨˡ
벻ͨͲҪˣҶҵ顣ϯķ˵
⻰ǲǷǶҶҵ飬Щ˺α죿ϯҲЦ
С飬㵽ôģҶƽڰѵ绰Ҷү
Ϊ˵ĸףҶƽһ֪ġ
˵ҶүҶȥɽ·֮󣬵һоҶǲǳʲôǷˣ֪ûⷽԭ֮󣬾Ͳ²͸үӵ뷨ˡ
ԣҶƽ˵绰
ôˣ᲻öӳԿࣿҶүЦ
Ҳô˵ɡҶƽ˵ֻǾЩͻȻϾҶڻѧһѧͻȻȥɽ棬ܲӦһ棬ǷҲһ⡣
ҶƽĵҶı⣬ȻҪ淢չôֲ⣬ȴûеõ棬ͺˡ
ӵ峤ȥˡҶүӻش
峤Ҷƽˣʱе
峤ҲǸɲҶƽеЩۡ
峤ôˣܹȫһ壬Ǵ峤ίԱҲǹˡҶүӵرʾ
Ҷƽ˵ͷҪҶү˵Ļ峤ǲ뷨ֻǽɽʲôطȥֵطҲгͷ֮գ
ҪӴ峤ίԱǶôһ·
Ǳ߶˳ɣҶүӺȻʵ
˳еĸɲȽһЩⶼǽͬ־ͺͬ־ĺõӡҶƽشҵҪ˼·Ƿڷչⷽ棬ֶĽ蹤ҲѾȫ̿⹤չջʽ֧ɾɳǸ칤ֵصҵչƻŵʱòͻкܴĸĹۡ
Ҷүӵ˵ͷչǵһҪ񣬵Ǹɲ齨ҲҪץסץ˲š
ǵġҶƽ˵飬СרŸһ£˵÷չԽ죬ɲĸԽ죬Ҫչ⹤ֽܴмȨǮ׺͸󣬾Ҫصעġ
СĴֹۻǱȽǿģҲȷҶүӵͷʵȥɽĹһЩӰ죬鸨㣬һõѡֻǶԼķչͲˡ
ҵ飬ýһЩСǱ߶һѺҶƽ˵·ڽɽ·޹ɽˡ
ҵĿҪֹ۵ö࣬Сܹ峤ҶүӶҶȴһַǳθС
Ҷƽˣ;үеäĿֹˡ


233 һ¾ܰ·޺ã
ɽĶ죬Ȼ̫䣬еҶԤϡ
һι·Ҷ׼ǱȽȫģһֱװصģ׼ɽĸʡ
һ·ɻʼΧۣס˿ľ棬㻨Сʱʱ䣬УҲҶ˸űڼԷʱ䡣
Ӧ˵űԵķǲģ˵Ұζ⣬ԼֵĲˣƺõܲɣȵ࣬űԼƵĺơ
Էʱ򣬴Ҳ˼λˣǴ¶ˣű˵Ľ£ʶҶҲ֪λͷܴһιסǰʥ·ˡ
Ҷ۲죬⼸λ·ƺߣǶҶܹפʥ壬ǱȽϻӭģϾǼߵפˡ
׳ҶǬͬ־ɹˣӣǶӰ
ȻʥʲôĻǿõģҲڶһ֪
ֱû̫ͣãϾȽ鷳ҲֱһתȥǱ߶Ȼػϻȥ
ʥĻ֮󣬾ñҪһЩ߶ȻգȴһԸķСҪǷգൽ˼ɽˮ
ԷͬʱҶҲʥһЩ˽⡣
Ȼֻһӣ˿ȴ٣ǧˣҶǳһûмʶô˿ڵСɽ塣
һ˵ɽܶ඼Ǽʮ˿ڣ˿ڣǧ˿ڵĴɽ壬һǷճ̶ȺܸߵĴɽ壬еЩˡ
ĽҪʯͷΪʯͷ֮ľȴ渲ϸ֦ܵһЩȻһЩ׵ĶȥҲȽϽʵá
ȻҲһЩ棬ǴС¥ʲôģСľݣǾ͵ȡģôôŪԣʯͷֻռķ֮һӡ
ҶڴһȦôҶͦģȻûʲôöҲԸѽеһҰζóͣһҪҶȽϸж
һȦҶ˻ϾͰѴǹɿʲôСǷַˡ
űˣϿǴȨ֮£Ҷ϶Դ㹻˽⡣
֮ܶһڰ״̬ԴֻԴ˵ûһԴǵдôöѡ
ھ棬ͷЩϡŹֵ豸
ͦģȫǰҰս׼ģз䣬Ҷ˵ңһǿһʮƽ׵ķǻңҶ峤ҪټҪСʱ򣬻õϡ
٣Ҫɽˣһ߶أСƵ·źãһ߶Ҷѯʵ
һҶүӿǸ˲ٺöĶǿɲжʽ̫ܵذ壬ĻɹСʱ֧ϵ֮ãȫûͨСɽ˵Ϊѵá
Сɽûͨ磬ҶҲϸ˽һ£ֱӴ泶߽Ļ̱ȽϺƴ󣬶Ҳı䲻ˣİ취ʵ⡣
ʱ׵⣬Ҷ˵㿴еס𣿡
񡣡ҡͷ񶨵
ҶһˣǷ׻ˣܹоҶļӲ󣬲ûкܶڹǵĲȺã˵Ҳ⣬˴ƽʱҲûʲô˼ɡ
Ҷʱ򣬷׾˵ԼƶɣҪڼֵĻҶûбҪˣŴҪҼ䷿ӣ⻹ǲġ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷĬ˷׵жϡ
ˡֱԣ·ɲһʱھܼЧ顭ʾ
⻰ҲûٴҶôΪġҶЦ˵
׸֮󣬶Щ죬ʱҶı飬ƺǶȼˣҪɽ·ˣѵ˵ֻ߶һ¶ѣĻҶүӽ֪˽
ҶҵˣܳŰ
ѵ˵ҶٴҪ·Щɵʵ
Ҳô˵ҶЦЦ˵Ҫ·˵ǰɽˡ
ϸڵʱҶЦˣƾͷʣȴǲ˵䡣
Ǿ֪ˣһµӡҶ˵⻰ʱ򣬷ǳƶ˲֪Ǵġ
ֻһµĻôסʶȽϺõѡˡ
˵ʵ׶ɽ뷨ҲǺܸȤϾǸʵع˲ţ·ˣֱǶרҵܵ˷ѡ
ҶʥĵһϣһƬžжɹġ
ʱҶҲͷڴתһȦ
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ֶеŵζ֮⣬ͦõģʵʮʮڣںܶطҹϣָʯƵĴڣõ緽㣬ϾҰҵʱõҪߡ
ǸʯƾͷˣžͿߣûô鷳ҲҪǮֻҪʯĵطˡ
ⶫҲǴɽģñ¨Ȼá
ϼûͨǰҲӰɡ׿ҹɵ˵һ
Ҷͷʵûͨ£ض࣬ҶԼĽ취ú͵ơ͵ơ͵ƵȵȣϾˣʲôʲô
ʲôĻǾͣ˯ˣҲһѡ
ôһƻͲʵˣԽƫƧĵط˿ڳҲԽߣϾһϵʱ򣬴û¶ȻֻŬˡ
ʵҾãͨ˵磬ҲͽˡȻ
˵ҲûͶ޴ʽ·Ƚõ⣬ʵһЩ˵֮󣬺ܶ鶼ˣ˵ϲ£õҲԿһЩС͵ļӹôԴӹһЩũƷŪȥۣǼЧķƶˡ
Ȼˣͨȷʵһ⣬޷ġ
ʵҵ۵㲻һʥ塣Ӧźҹ磬Ҷ˵Ҫǵģƾ质ĳ·⣬ҪǴͨһߣͱóһǳֶˡ
Ҳһڰ·޺ðɣٴαʾԼĻɡ
Ҷ˵һʱ䣬ֻҪˣʾɡ
ΪʲôܣҶЦ˵˵һ£Ͳᳬһ£ʶôˣʲôʱҷŹڣ
Ȼû˵Ϳʼĥѵ˵Ҷգ
ô˵Ҳܰһ׵Ĵ·Ҳøʱ䣬οأɽ·ǼȲޣҲܷǮġ
һµʱ䣬е˵ˡ


234 վڷ˼
Ҷǰɽ峤ͬʱͳǷΪ°¼ֽ̡˹Ŭ͹쵼˽˶δ̣ʱķѲɱ⡣
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˺Ѿļ˹͹׷롰塱
ĽϻûҵķӦǷǳƽؽһУû˶߽͸Ƿļ̨ʾһͬ顣
ڶ˹ͳҶնԣʱҪľǱȸǷ򣬽ͳȨ
߲⣬Ѿ᲻ȤˣҶԣ˵ĽѾҲ޷һľٹ⡣
ʵϵ𽥽壬ҲΪҶƽ˼ʱ
ڵĸʧһϵз֮Ҷƽ׳˵ڶϵ£һȴǴ𽥽ٵĸΣԱЩķչʵľ޴仯
Ҷƽǳ϶ָҪóпٷչͱһЩʶһͳжԣͶһչʽ𣬸ͽ˽裬ԾҪͨʽ
еԣûʵߣʽги죬ҪϰʱܹĿͨ⣬ⲿʽ֮󣬲ڵ˺ܶµľ㣬ͬʱҲΪ˳ԣķչʽ
лõ˸ƣֱľͨľͶ̣ǹףҡҶкָһ㣬ͨߵУнһһʮ֮ڣܹ³ΪʵԶúͽġ
ĳЩ˵޶ָ˵߾ֻۺ޸ݡ
ڹڣôһСˣϸʱı仯仯ϣᶼǣͣԭʼĽ׶Σ¶ǵ־ת
ܾĸܾһ񶾵ԴǺж񶨸ĸĸߣЩֵļ
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µУҶƽزǰһʱɾǸý壬ԼĳЩϸɲǴ̰ʵ𽥽ĺˣܴƽĸ￪ҵ͹Ҳ·
Ҷƽϵ·֮󣬹۽һ顣
ЩΪҶƽΣڵܹͬһŶۣЩʾȻͬиĸ߸ĸʧܣô³Ҳǲġ
һЩѧһѡ֧ҶƽΪΨд̤ؽиĸƳ棬пܵõٵķչ֮⣬ûκһַԻýĿܡ
ʵҲΪʵߵĺԣϵݡ
ʱڿҶƽļƪǡôس֮󣬲̲סҶƽȻǶоú͸רңѡʼ𽥽ʱƶ۽Լʵߵȷԣѡúܺá
֮ǰΧҶƽЩߣҲһı£ܵ˸ɡ
ڵĸĸ￪ҵȻ֮µƽоȡͻƵͬʱҲڿԼӦͨô;ÿٵķչ
Ҷʥĵڶ죬ټʥٿΪ峤ĵһλ顣
űΪףаμһλ顣
ΪһӵǧҵĴӣԳƵǴ¸صһˡ
ҶԼΪ峤쵼ҴȺɽϣõδ֮˾Ϳʼۡ
ϼ쵼ҪܵģһСޣʲôãһʮĺȾɵ·С£ĻʥôˣͶԱ·ˡڼʮȥˣҲûһС·ʵ޴֡
˭Ҷûлش⣬Ƿʵ
ʥ屣̡ӻشЩԺ
űһԲСṦ򣬴ġ׳òǰμ˶԰Ϲսùȹ
ŶǺܲˡҶŤͷ˿ͷףֻ¶˲ΪȻı飬¾˵ˣ˼Ҷ˵峤ǴģȻ˲С룬͸±Ȼ£һ֡£ô
棬ЩСɽ棬еʱķֱӿ򣬴Ӯһ
ʲôҵģվȻǻ
ҲʾӮңǴģͻȥɣʥ岻Ҫһ峤
Ҳǵ˼𣿡ҶŤͷĴѯʵ
۷׷ף֧ռȻһɱص
ȻˣǾʹɣתߡҶһӵ
ôһһҲˣ̾ܵ棬һƬԾΧһȦҶΧм䡣
Ҫ˵۸ǡվ˳룬ͻȻһ䣬ǱһһûյһҲ޷
˵֮䣬һұɨ˳ȥҲûмöԱ߶һڴֵСϣֻÿһǿСȻӦ۶ϣȥ
ڼҹ򣡡ͷ׿֮󣬶ʱɫͺѿˡ
ǾоӪ٣ó鱨һԵİʲôĹȻҲȽϳɫǸڼҹֱȽ໹ǱȽϴġ
ʱС¶һ֣Ǹе˶ԷʵԶ֮ϣƫƫղװͨһȥһȡʤç
ôС
򲻹ֱӵػش
˶еȽƣҲǾиˣû뵽ôյСɽУȻôֵĵӣҶշƣһʼûüƻ
ǰͻȻֵĵˣʵҲ̫ǿһЩ˾޷սʤ
򲻹ʲô˵飬˶ҶٵĴ£еΪˡ
ͷ׸еΪѵʱ򣬾һ˳ڼҹ˲ǾһĽɣ


235 ޼᲻ݵĸ֣
ҶҲû뵽Ȼز¶һλڼҹ֡
ѹܹս˶ȹҺδˣΪйţһ˵ռ˺ܴơ
ȻҲֲŹϰߣĲλ˺ܶ࣬һϣҲûʲôʤĿԡ
ѵ˵һҪˣҶûϵȡһʩʱȴͦҪӭս
Ƚ϶죬ҶŤͷһɵЩȣлܶӣôˣ
ûлоֵУŮ١
лһɫС޷ţп㣬ȥһǰŮѧôҲһλսڼҹֵŮ
ҶľȣлûлӦֻһ߽˳棬վĶ棬һ˦ıңͷҶ
ҶһӣץסлıңֻǸо̺һɴһ߰˲ͣʱŸолıʮأŵĶ٣ʵʵ˽
ȻлΪʲôҶӦǺ¶
л־ΣҶһֱֻǸоŮֱȽϺݣڴڵʱ򣬶ԼҲȭߺټְоУϵĹǹȥģϾ˵һǳ˵õʦ
ʱҶǺϣлܹһܾˣôҶˬˣȽǰѣֱ˱лȭ֮ɽۻȴ
Ůˣл֮󣬶ʱüͷȴû˿Ŀ⡣
ͷףһۿȥϾܹ͸ǵĸףҲ֪Լʰò˼ʮжܰ쵽
ͨǹеʹõȵȣȭŹȻǸֱǾͲˣǺڼҹ֣ǵʵͲһ棬׸ûʲôɵĵġ
лĳ֣ȴеһ˿ΣգŮ˵ʵƺ֮£Уһ˱ϵľ룬ȴԵ˿û̻ƵеЩӦԡ
ײ֮£̲סһ΢΢ȭʵʲôˣ
ҵˡҶںȺ㲻СŮ˶򲻹ɣ
ҶȻ֪лΪʲô֣ǼȻǿ϶ΪԼģȻˣͲúõһ£лǰĴ鷳ȻԺ顣
Ҷһʼѹסõס
Ц¹ʲôţȻлˣǰ̤һȻˣԿʼ𣿡
ҪʹôķϻлͷϴŵëñҶȴǷһ˫ȼĲ֮䡣
һͶ˫ֻƣͬлĽŵս˼ʮ¡
ڳˣžȴλսսд򱬵˷׷׺ˡ
лڿеʽϣͬ෭һ˸ػ߲վ˵ϣ˫һ㣬ϴ˹ȥ
߾ôãڶס壬һȭǰ˹ȥ
ȭͷƿ֮籬һҶܹһȭȥʱͬһڿ
лҲʾȭ󿪴ϣٱ뵽ȭǳһŮ֮֡
˵ĽսܿͶϰп⣬ؾͱðȻ
˸еֵǣͷڣͺǿ˹ˮлպ෴ԽսԽ䣬ΧƺһɹɺһָоһСıУпܾͻὫ˲λһ⡣
էַ֣ȴѾֶ˰жҡ
˳ȥϢЩ𾪵ؿŶлȻǶĸָеǳԾôҲ벻ͨôŮӾȻܹԼսôã˿·硣
óټȥĻҪˡ
Σ䡣˿лɫܲÿضҶ˵
Χ۵ˣ޲󻩡
ǵӡУƺûˣȴû뵽ȻһŮӵУ˸еޱ𾪡
ĹܲˡлûпӸһ֤˵ȤĻͷдһ¡
סǺƤֻ֤ǷһۣЩԾԭ˻ȥʺңлˡ
ǵǿϧˡлҡҡͷ
˲𣿡Ҷһʯͷĥϣʵ
µϡϡվţǲ˵ˣĵһ֣ز¶ڼҹˣ۴ܵĻʥ˿϶Ǵ򲻹С峤һ˵ġ
Ҫû˷ԣҿɾʽ˰Ҷֺ
űүҲ˵Ҷ峤·ģҼȻûзԵģǾҶ峤䣡
űүӵŻǱȽϸߵģټҲлˣҾСׯ˲٣е͵ģǱϡϡعʾ´峤Ļӭ
˭ҶĥϺҶҶǬӣ
ʥʲôˣ
Աŵģǣ
·ˣ
ҲҪ·Ҫڶǵ
ôڣܼ򵥣
ҾͲøϸ˵ˣ˵Ҳף
֮ܶһ仰ֻҪҵҪȥҸָտɴ
ҪʲôǸ⣡
ΪЩʲô
Ҷվĥ̶ϺһӣͶ˵̧
Ӧһ̸ܻ񣬺̧ܿһˣ˽ʯĥһڣȻֱվ࣬ٲȻһ㡣
ҶĸһƿȻ¶ӨӨı
ƱһԪĳƱ
찡ûмôǮ
ܰƾض˰ɣ
Ⱥ̾ɧ
лվԱ߶֮ǰҶĻǳ棬Ϊʲôȴû뵽ƿ֮һȴһİԪ󳮣λ˼ųһţȻȥò룬ȴܷǶƶǣȷŷǳ
ʥϰǣȻ뺷ҲȽϴӣܲڼǮۿֱӾͳǮҵ˼άͣڰǮĲϡ
ྲһΣҶֻ㺰һ˾̰ڵϣܹõ
ֻҪҶҵĻҵҪȥҶ峤ҷˣÿҰͷһһ򣡡Ҷ˵
˶ˣԭҶ峤ˣĻ˵ֱӾǮҰ
ղŲĺҲ˷ϳ⡣
ʲôǸ֣Ǯ޼᲻ݵĸְ


236 ž
ʥСɽԣٿǮ˲õĴǮˣϰֽڵǵǰһʲô
˵۾ӨӨĳƱӳñɫе̹⡣
ǹ컯գ֮ͥ£ҶǸոչ˵Ĵ峤߻һλѹʥһŮʵӣƴҾҪһϣǮˡ
ʹˣҲǰ˺ܽ쳤˲ӿʯĥϵһӳƱ۰Ͱ͵ҶȻҪҶ峤һ£ȻҾһһŵؿʼǮ
ҪǮ𣿡Ҷ峤վĥʵ
룡
ζ룡
Ǯˣ
ϵǳһ£ĿУͷȡ
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Ǯ
˵Ȼ˵ûмôǮҲ֪ǮǺöԸСũȻ󣬿Ҳ磬εľʣżҲ˳棬ȥ质ԶĳУ֪ĺô
ǮҵȻҪһ磬ҲùһСɽ棬֮ͬһ㡣
õǮ͵ȥܻҶ˵Ǵ״ߵóȥ𣿾ߵóȥҪʲôطȥţûһȵĺ󷽣˼Ǯܹ̤ʵǮһǻỨģδҪôпǹ𣿡
Ҷһ˵˵˺ܶ˵档
Ҷʱˣλ׶Ҷ峤ҪʲôҪ˵ͬʱҲкܶ˵治̤ʵѵ˵Ҷ峤ĻôǮװ׵͸
ģǧʮˣÿһǮǮҳˣҶ˵Ϊ߳ȥ쵽ǮѾɽһطʥ壬ʱûȺɽ谭Ҷӣ
ҪӣǲǱ𣿡
ǰǲӦ

ӾûǮáҶ˵ҲǴĴˣ¼ÿ˶෢һ顣

˶ʱ˵ˣ鰡ٶһЩ¶ܸɣ
ڴ棬һҲ׬ٿǮ
ȻˣǮǰõģһЩҪҶ˵ʥһ壬Ҫ߹ͬԣĵ·ǧʮˣ뿪ǮǲκһɽϹӣ¶ҪǰˣҾͿʼǮ
ˣʱʣҶ峤ⲻǰɣһǶŪ˴ӣֲǮˣզأ
ǰҿǮȻ࣬Ҳûкüǧɣ
峤ǲˣأ
ЩɧȻע⵽ϸ⣬Ҷ´峤Σ
ٰ꣡ҶһֵȥҸǼǣͳһۣǮݸ˿ĿŵҵĴ棡ǮʱᶳֱҶȥ´ӣŻⶳ
ôһ˵˶ʱͶˣҲˣֻҪǮ˴棬Ҳһʧˡ
˿ʼжͷȥĸҸжԱǼᣬ׼ʼΪǮ㡣
Щ˶֮Ҷлʯͷĥ
ֱǮЧҶĨһѺ˵
лһԣ˫ۿҶڣú˼
лܶӣл˰Ҷлʾ˸лȻʣôͻȻ˰ɣ
ҶȻƤЦʻȴǾЩΣлĿЩѲ£ȻɵҲ֪ΪԼģǾʲôԭ򣬾Ͳˡ
ˡлҶ˵
ҶЩ㵵ؿл񣬾˵ĻЩŹ֡
ġл˵
ôܣҶ̴󺰵
Ҷʱͷϵ飬лͼԼҶȻҶѹʱȴģѵ˵ҶҵŴôǿŶƤŮ˻вɣ
лô˵Ҷǲܹһġ
Ϊʲôܣлʵ
ǲܰҶ˵룬ҶôˣҲûгѵ˵лܶһϦ֮⽻ôܾ̥᣿ֿԼޣôţ
˵𣿡лɫԵ÷ǳÿҶ
飬˵ѺûôɣҶȻûӦл⣬ǲͬģĿƼôˣȻ˵ڵҪһЩֱͨǷԼĺӦûǿġ
лֲɵӣô鶼
ѵ˵㻳ðҶҵĺܹĳֲɸ˵Ŀ
Ҷ飬ȷʵЩ׶
žˣҲûд㡣лȻ˵ؿҶһۣߵǸմûõС
Ҷ߽ȥ֮󣬾ͷлѾҶķ棬˯ˡ
٣ȻҵĴϣҶ˵
׽лҷ£˾ͼüŪ۵ضҶ˵ϰ壬˼ҰǶ˼ģĺ¶ûƵĵ
ǰϰ塣Ҳ˵λлܶӵôãö㣬ǵҲ˺ܶ
Ҷϵлһۣ˵ɲ̤ʵأ֪λлܶӻ᲻ͻȻָʲôϵ飬Լ⧲
ϾҶл֮ӣûнģһη⣬ҲҶЩĪܾлԼʲôɸ˵Ŀġ
ŮˣʵôǿҶôܷĸͬһŴϣ
л첻ˣҶܵĳ֮ĽȽء
Ͼл˼򲻹
ֻסˣٴ˯ɡҶһԼĴϣ˯лҲЩ޿κΡ
Һһιʱ򣬴˯ǱȽϳ㣬ҲҪԼû˯ĵطŪӴˣҲʲô⡣
ԭ㲻Ҫʥ·ҪĶȫ񰡣뵽˽飬ɵöҶ
ѹҶʱ˵ҪʥĴڶǲɽͲܰɽľԣǶϲ˵ġ
Ҷ֮ôγһ壬ǨⲿȻ˲ǮǶҲԣĴ۱һ޳ɵ·˵ѾСöˡ
˭˵Ҳ·ˣҶһֻܿʥ壬ƾ质ķչǰҲ޷ҵͼˣ
иͼͷˣеЩ㵡
ѵ˵ҶĻкȴ벻Ҷʲôطзʡ


237 ˵ķ֣
ȻиͼˡҶЦЩĪζ
˻࿴˿ҲʺãǲʺãҶ¶Ȼȥ£ǵܹ˸еһߣһεİҲһްɣ
ʵ֤ЩҶˣ󶼱ˡ
Ծͷ׶һ޷޳һɽĴ·ҲҾʹжҶǿ˺ڣн޷
ߣҶĻеߵǬַҲ˵ء
Ĳ˵λ˯Ҷлܶ˵ҶԩҶͷڲҲɵҶٵĴȥ
ڳ˼֮УҶ˵ĶǨӦò鷳ʮԱټ߶Ļȷʵãҹ¶ܹܿȻᡣ
ʲôʱʼ͸һǨƵĵطЩʵ
ֱ̤Ҷһֱһ𣬲ûмʲôĶƶϣڳ֮ǰҶѾܵİţ򲻿ܻĽ
ܳ氲ŵģҾǹ滮һ¶ѡҶش
ԭҶھǵʱ򣬾Ѿί極ĻϻǱ߶ͨĿָʡ棬һСĵطƻｨһũƷӹأʥǧ˿ڡ
Ҷǵ÷ǳȫǨ֮ϰҪչ˵ǣԸرеģһЩĴǣԾѵ֮󣬳Ϊ촬صĹ˻ߴΧĹ
һҶ߶ŸṩǧĶĸؾͿˣȫܹ쵽ġ
ǣôĿʲôǸ㲻Ҷͼ
ҶͷĹߣһ˶ͻˡ
׵˵ͷʾǳȤ
˾ȥ׼һ˵ɽЬ˱ʲôģȻ׼ȥɽ̽һ
ҪȥлͻȻ˳
һ֮лľں˺ܶࡣ
һɽȻҲǳֱģ;˵⣬ֱ֮Լ;棬˼ʮԾԵЩƣ
ֻлܶӵȷʵܺãһ紵ݶʾҪҶһͬȥ̽ա
ðɣǿûе׵ɽˡҶԸл顣
ûϵԼСлʾ
˵֮󣬾ͽˣ¶˺ɫĽů£͹µĿеִɫĽ£׽ŮԵĸгȷʵǳ˵
лʹӱзһ൱רҵĵɽػϣһһߺҶ˿֮󣬲плܶӵ׼ð
лܶбҶпһ֮ҲͲ˵ʲôԵĻˡ
ȻҪ飬⴫ȷʵƵϾ춯أ߶м˼֤һ£ҲܹССġ
Ͼҹкѧ׷²ʵǻССźġ
Ľԭ򣬳ս˽֮⣬ƶˡ
ĸ˺ܿһԣȻҶ˴ӡ
뿪ӵʱűһ£Ҷ˵ǳȥתһתɽʲôԿıʱҲһ£ͷչ⡣
Ա߶ĴǾͱʾǳмҶ峤ҴǮϣ
˻հǮͿ챻ǿɾˡл޼رʾ
ҲҸŶԣлܶҲһֱ˹Ҷ༥
лˣҶһۣҲû˵ʲôֻ΢üͷйȻЩʲôԭġ
Ҷ룬ҲлĿģֻ뵽оУݣҶͻпǷеԼΪġ
ܹʹöЩ˵ģɵģҲֻнͬ־һ˶ѣоֵξֳҲ㶯ǣбȽҪС
ôлҲƵһ֣ߺôǺܶģЩˣ治õѹġ
Ҷлĳ֣ûʲôõĸоֻһ׾뵽ϵ飬Ҳ˵Ǹʲôоɵ΢΢ҡͷ
ǵҪȥûеͼһ·ˣǺ顭
л·һ˺ü⣬ֻҶһ̯ʾ޿ɷ֮󣬾Ҳ˵ˣֻǸҶ粽ɽ·ϡ
ҶȻûдͼƺĵǱȽϤģŴҷɽͷ֮ɫѾʱ֣ճ棬ҵĿĵصĻӦ÷ˣ֮ǰز
Ҷվɽ֮ϣĴһȷˣӦþˡ
ʲôطл˶Щʵ
ĵһ͵ҵΣҲ˵иǳɽҶ˵
ôû˵أ˶ʱȤ׷ʵ
͵ҵΣǿǵѧҵͬʱҲǿԿΪԴĺõطɽôشķ֣ƶ֮󣬻ᱻΪ͵ξģɽԣҲһ¶
˳һ·ȥӦþܹˡҶָָһǳ͵Сɽ£˵
лҶһۣ̾óСӣʼֶҷ棬ȻǷʵ֮󣬾һ·»ȥʱ»˰ʮףɹΪ͵һζ·
ŮˣҲȥɡҶһ
˷׷׶֣ʼߡ
һܹİٶ׵ĳȣڵɽµĹȵס
лѾվˣֻûзʲôҶѨڣɵЩؿܣҶһںƴҡ
ҶѨأлʵ
ɽҶ˿Σָһط˵ɽϣŪըҩȥ
˵ͷ˹ȥӱȡʮ߱ըҩǿճҶָһ⻬ɽ档
Ū֮˾ƲƲ뿪аʮԶĵطͣ
ʼɡҶ˵
˵ͷť
ֻñըһ¡¡󣬶˺ܶʯһƬռ䡣
ȵ֮󣬴Ҿ;ط֣ЩԭӦʯȴʧˣƺǱʲôط
ɽпյģл̷Ӧ˹Щȵ˵
ҲҶЦûлİ۶˹ȥ
ֻǰ汻߱ըҩըĵطһʮ׸ߵĶĺɽð˿˿ĺ䣬ӦǱжˡ
лֹ̾Ҷж̽ɽеɷ֮ǰǲ롣
Ҷ˵ͷʵû̽յ뷨һιҪҵɽڣ飬ҲҪЩˣûбҪЩ˷ʱ䡣
ǻȥɡҶ


238 ҹ˯
ڻȥ·ϣ˶ĬţȻǱղŵķָˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ɽĵ¶пյģҿȥ֮ǰû˱˷ֹ
һ൱شķ֣Ҷ˼ƺһ֪Ĵڣ˸еЩ˼ˡ
Ϊʲô֪ɽпյأлЩͲסҶ⡣
ͷҲҶҶЩأҲʵġ
ЩˣǱȽġҶһͦȻشĲᵮʱ򣬾˵Ǵģһ·ָ컭أ˵ϵΨҶ𣬻ϴ衣ʱȻȽҲʥˣΪ츣һЩ֪ȾҲʲôˡ
лҶĽ͸еȫΣЩϷʵʵ˼˵طεʱõʾˣ
ˡҶһָǳ϶ػش
ҵ̶ԣһô޻Ľ𣿡лָָԼԴЩʵ
Ҷؿ˿лĶͷԼļ縷˿֣صرʾȻԣһ㣬ҪģߴˣȻôеʲãͨĻӰ죬ҲгͷصĿܡ
١лˣҶһָͷȻǺܲ⡣
Ҳʵ٣һǰ֪иɽɣ
ҲţҶεʱεģҲ̫Ψˣôܣ
ɡҶͷ֮ǰһЩףһιҲҪǰ֤һ£û뵽Ȼˡ
ҶĻģģģûкϸ˵η߶ɽпյģֻǳ֪ôһ¶
Ȼ˵ʵ࣬ڶʮԺһξ޴ɽ廬֮޴ܶų˵ǰģҸزŵң⣬һǳӴĵܶƽ֮ޡ
Ҳ̽У֤⼸ɽĵ¶ǿյģֻ֧š
ΪһȽϴĵ﷢֣ҶǵúҶүӱʾҪȥɽ峤·ʱҶ뵽֣Ҹͼһ£ȻǾھʥ岻Զɽϡ
Ϊһ㣬ҶŻԥشӦұʾҪ޲·ɽ߶ַ֮ų˵һھͼ
ӹ̾뵽һֿԣЩ˷ܵ˵ٵ˼˵ȻɽпգֻҪ߶ɽڴͨԼʰͿͨˣ
ôܣлЩĵرʾȻγɵܶ˵пдĻˮʲôģǳĪ⣬οУҪȻǲܵġ
лĻüͷȴҶмͣа֪Ļͦࡣ
ôƻģʵ
ҵİ취ҪһЩҶʲôһĿ־УҾ˻ڵϱȽ̤ʵһЩҶشҵĴǣըҩɽըˣͱƽ·
㡭лҶĻ³һѪòűһ仰Ҷҵˣ뷨Ȼһ㣬
ˣҲ
ǻͷ˿⼸ɽ壬Ȼ˵ƣҲƻֺ꣬кü׸ߣ˼Ҫըҩ⼸ɽըˣǵöըҩ
Ȼ˵ɽ¿ܶпյģϿըҩɽըˣۺʵʱȽеĲʹˣҲδؾͿС
˵ףҶƺе뵱Ȼˣ¶ô׶
٣¶ƱȽѶȡ˵ڷ׶ҿˣ¶ǲɵֻǿǵҶٵӣǲΪá
Ҷȴһģ˰ֵѶģ򵥵飬ҲֲԽѵ飬Խֳܹҵǲ֪Ѿڱע˵ܹʮ֮޳·ͱһ
ܹ˵⻰ˣݵλһͣѵҶүӣлʵ
ȻүүҶҡҡͷǺͬ־ͬ־˵¶ʱģͬ־Ƚͣ˰Ϣңɡ
лЩĽ˵쵼עĸоܺðɣʮ֮ҲŶʮѣϼ꣬ϸȻʮ֮ǰҲܽˣƻǰŵĺã
ڿҲǣҶблһ۵浽ǸʱʮίԱǱϵѷɫôʮһͻˣôҲʤɣ
١㵹밡лҶĻû
ʵϣӸɲΣҪһЩҶһҲʲô˵飬ǵȵ֮ӦǾʱ򣬡쵼ɲѡų֮̀ⷽĿƾϸܶˡ
Ҳ˵Ҷھ֮ǰ͸㶨·ҪõĽⲻǺܴ󣬵ǹʱĻͺ˵ˣƿԾСࡣ
ܶģʱûʲôһȷ涨֮ҪƸεѶȾͼӴ˺ܶ౶
ȫûпܣҪĴۻܸߣһͺˡ
ȷ˵ҶҪҶһ͵ҪڱķӦò̫͵ĻŹҲͬ⡣
Ͼ˵˵ҶҶҵΣҪߵö࣬˵ļҳ̶ҪԶԶسһְλҵȻҪܲС
лܶӣŬˣҪµطϣҪǲӰѾ֮ͱҳ˰ҶЦ˵
лһС˼ҵӵܣôܹҶҵĵᲢۣ
˵˵лһֱоְĻýĻҲǺܶģʮУû׼ʮ֮һŮֻδܹתְĲȥ
һ·߻ʥʱɫѾֻǽϵĵƻ࣬ҼҶŵƣڴҲ˺ܶΧŲš
ȻҶߣҲԵ
εҶ峤ָһׯ·ôֱӱСȥֻҲһҪ뿪˺ܶʥˡ
ȻǳҲһĿ־壬Լȥ֮޷Ӧµ
ӳ˴ǵӣҲϵϲŭͳͳӳ˳
Ҷʱ򣬶ʺҵЩЩһ㡣
³֮ǰʱ򣬾ڰŪΨһһ̨һ߿ĸ質Щ졣
ʲôţҶŤͷʵ
ҹ˯лش


239 ¹
ҹ˯Ҷظһ䣬ҲЩп
·飬Ҷһֱûз£Լ˵ҪըƽɽĻҲûмļƻ
ȻˣϸڶҶ棬ǲǰ͸¶ĻģҲֻлǼˣһֿ׳յ۹ˡ
ҲֻеȵƵ׶һˮʯ֮ǵɡ
˻ûߵǱ߶ͱ˸סˡ
Ҷ峤еҪ˵˵ܲȥҼͷסҶȥ·һ긾ŮȥҲǲʮӣȻأҲʰøɸɾ
ǣҶϵʵ
ǴͷĶѸű˺Ȼ˹Ҷ˵ǴѧУʦ˵ҲǴֻ磬ģʦǻˡ
ŶҶ˵ͷȴƶ˵ʲô鲻˵Ҫȥأ
һλѸҲмϣʱҲǴ廨֮࣬ҶеЩˡ
һһҲˣƫƫһѸ˵ǹѸǰǷǶ࣬Ҷ峤ոΣȥοʴιѸȥƺðɣ
ȥлȻ˹
ţðɡҶԥһ£͵ͷͬˡ
ʥûжȻ˵ǧˣǴһ϶ۼһԷԴҲһӣʦڴϱ߶Ҳǲһ·ӡ
˲ʮӵӣ͵˶ʦļ
߶Ҳʯͷɵӣܽʵӣľ׮ΧʣһЩȦԺ档
ʦƿ֮󣬾ͼƻȴɽԼŪ͵ơ
棬һֻС´룬ϸ˿ţ˿ĽϴһͲֱ´װŰͣһֲϸм䣬ǵо
ʡطȽ϶࣬ǰʮǰǲ඼͵ģԴú͵Ժ󣬾ͺٵ͵ˣ͵Ƶ̫ѬģζҲȽϴ
ʵԴƾ˵֮󣬾Ҳû˵͵ˡ
Ҷǵһμ͵ƣ࿴ۡ
ûɣлʵ
ѵҶʵ
ҲûġлشҼͼƬҲڲʵٱǿһ
ʮЦٲˡҶлһЩ
ߣСˡкл˵
Ҷһۣ˵˻к᲻
ҶҲȷʵ޷϶Լл֮便ûķʲô飬һ޷ϵģǾҶһйע絽лĶƤϣġ
ʱл񾿾ʲôأ
衭
ͻȻĳһСһ
žҶлеԾˣһĳӣܹĸӣŮͷһģһ
İ̥Ҷлһۣ˶Էеľɫ
˵˫̥ϡĻ̥еټˣ˵İ̥ͬǳ÷ǳŮӣֻ˵δˡ
裬衭İ̥СŮͲ󣬿ȥҲʮӣȻĹ߲ãҲܿóݣɰúܡ
ÿɰСӡлˣҲеۻ̲ס˵
ĸС򰡡һģһҶȻʶ㣬İ̥ûûмʶ
ǰĳЩ棬ҶҲ˫̥ûֹɫһ㣬ҲܹҳܸߵļҲеаһ棬׬׬ʵ˵Ҳôһ¶
ŵ˴ϣųһţʵòǷһӰ첻Ǹʱм˻ע⵽һ㰡
˵ʵǣеϲ˫̥ûֻΪ˳ȥԵñȽѣǺҲǱȽصģΪûһʵͱסļƷ
ǲô˵İ̥СǣȷʵҶһ
ڳĸСЩȣеĴ󵨣е͵͵Ҷлһʱ֮䶼Ĭ
ȥΰɣҪ˵˵ʦĸ˵
ĸСܶòظҶлȻһȥ˸ڵķ䡣
ãҶ峤λˡʦЩǸȻضҶл˵ȥݲȡ
鷳ˡҶڰֵ
ҶΪܹȵʲôò裬Ҳû飬ǣʦΪʲôҪԼ뵽棬ΪʲôĸɰС
ȻҶܾˣǶʦûͣЪȡһɰĲȥӦúЩͷˣʱտˮһúʵȡЩҶͶ˲棬ˮˮˮ뱭
ʦĲܾտҶǶжˣ˶ʦַЩȣȫһɽ帾Ůܹóġ
ǲӵ֪࣬ڴˡʦƺԸ϶̸
ŶҶ˵ԭˣλιѸͲѰ帾ȻǴɽġ
ɽ磬֪࣬ȫ˸ӣɢڸؿ֦ɢҶҲ٣λʦӦҲеһλֻԼҲСɽ档
ҶһС豭̵Ĳˮһһرζ𣬶ʱЩȣȻʲô裬Ǻͬζ˿ԼھǵĲȵЩ
ɽԼֵĲеʱԼɲƲ裬ַӦûȥɣʦҶɫɫ֪ʲôǾͽ͵
ֹǹȥҶҡҡͷ
лҲ豭һڣɫҲЩȣǴлȻңҲƵϼʶ㣬ȻܹƷóĺû
Լ͵ĲУҺȹõġл˵
ллõ˿˵ĳޣ˶ʦɫҲϲɫɽҶǱȽõóֵģƾͲˡ
ȾƾˣʦǹΪʲôأҶ⡣
ʦҶһֿۣ˿Ա߶лЩ˵ҲеΪѣֻûбİ취ˣֻҶ峤
ʲô飬˵ǺҪ󣬴ӦðġҶҲĶʦҪЩ֣ǰԤ롣
ʵûа취ˣԲҶ峤ͷϡʦ˵ˣરવģȻһӾ͹Ҷǰ
⡭ǲġҶˣʱеΡ
Ȼ˵ҶƽʱҲеƢ˵˸¹ʲôģû
ʱʦôǰڵϹģôһյ͵ǽϹţҶҵʲôɾ͸УЩ
ʲô飬òƳĶʦôأ


240 صи
ʦ˵òã
ҿɾŤͷˣ
Ҷְвʽ¹򣬸еǳޣҪ뿪ʱ򣬶ʦվȴסҶֱۣ۾¶һְĿ
峤ҼҵĸӣǲҲܵõÿһǮʦʵ
԰ҲʥľΪʲôܵõҶ̿϶رʾȻЩˬطʵѵ˵в㣬Ҫ̵ҵĲ
ǵûСʦҡҡͷʥȻҲиģֻҼҵе⣬ҪҶ峤
ô¶ҶЩ˵ʵ
Ҷ£ʥӦƽ²Ŷԣ׼ɢͯˣĳЩ˻ϰ
Ҫ֪ˣʲô˶Թ¶ѸĶԽһҪݺݵشġ
д峤һ飬ҼҵǮɴ峤ʦҶ˵
ʲô˼ҶˣʱҪЩϡ档
˼ұ˶ŲţõǮǶʦȻҪҶܣ⾿ʲô˼˾Щ˼
νзʦҪȷʵЩŹ֡
ʦóһҽԺϵݸҶ
ҶһۣǽʡҽԺĻ鵥飬ּдĺʲݣһЩĿǿúģʱǽ죬ǸӲ
֮Ҷ̾׹ˡ
ӵԣλʦĲǱȽˣӲǱȽ鷳Ĳ֢ڵԣûзǳõҽĵֲֿǿĻϾ͵̡
ʱһѵǴӣȥʡǵʱ˳һ飬ȴôһʦɫǳȻԼ£˵˵һ֪ԼĲ֮ҾûбϣֻǼĸӣҸе
ûбʲôˣҶѯʵ
ҶҲеǳͬ飬ֻЩҪģϾйĸС飬ҶûҲ֪ôŪԱ˽֮󣬲
ûʲôסˡʦȻش
Ҷ˵ͷ˵м׶ݣûеĺá
ͺˣʦؼԼ᲻ǼֻСƫƫʮĹؼʱ̣ûһסпһӵͻŤˡ
ʦڴˣ֪ô졣
ˣŮӵ̸ӣȻҲе¸صĳиǶԺӵķչûкôǰˣͼ¡ʦҶ˵Ҷǵǳô򵥣ϣܹΪй׵˲ţֻǳ䵱ӵĹߡ
ȻҶĳ֣öʦϣ
Ҷ峤һҪŴڶҪǰҰطǮĴ峤δš
һһǮڵı׼˵ʡһʹãȫԳŹʱ䣬ĸŮӳˣŵϴѧ֮
ʦԼĸŮǱȽĵģԾҪиҶտǳˡ
ҶүӵӣȻǿסģҶ峤æ֮⣬ʵ벻õİ취ˡʦҶ˵
ңүүҶһ䣬ǶԶʦͬ飬ˣǲҪһεġӲȷʵ鷳Ҳ˶죬˵һûа취
ҪȻϵ׶ҽԺɣùĸԺԱ߶лȻҶ˵
ҶĹùҶҲҶƽ˫̥㣬׶ܾҽԺĸԺרңһˣȻܼ򵥡
Ҷ̻ͷһۣлܶӣû¶Ҽ˸
ҪлȻش
Ҷʱû˵ˣоҪҽڣʵǺܼ򵥵ģһ乤Ҫͽˣǹϵ쵼˵İȫ⣬ѼһϣҲܼ򵥣ұҲʲôë
Ҷ峤һҪӦҵ󡣡ʦֹˣ㣬ʵ벻ʲôˣܹ֤ҵŮ˳ˡ
ĵģĸŮˣи˺úõطһ£ϳѧǵĴпܾĸѧһƬ˵Ļݶͻٵˡ
ʦ˵Ҷ峤֮󣬵һоԼŮָһǮķ˻ϣҶ϶ܹ׽ҪԣΪĸ׵һƬġ
ҴӦˡҶܲ˾˶¹
˵Լĳ¹ǿܻһɾ͸УһĹѸԼǰ֪˻ΪԼҪأʵ᲻ҲùµЩ̤ʵ
лҶ峤ǼһǵĶ飬㡣ʦҶӦĨл
Դӵ֪ԼĲʦһֱû˯һþһ
ҶȴǿеĲףüͷԶʦ˵˵ʵҲȱǮҲȱȨƣչ˼ŮӲʲô⣬ǴӸٺõչǣҲǵĸչ˵øáԣʦ㲻зԼ뷨βҪβġ
Ĳβˡʦҡͷ
ֲôֻƲˣϾܴصĸӲлָĲˣһΪԼǸ˵ˡ
ң֢ǵҪǮ
ʦã佫Ǯ˷ڲ׶ϣʡŮķãܹǶ֧һζʱ䣬ȵ˴ѧϿ֮󣬶ʦҲͷˡ
֮ҪҶΪλҶ峤ʲôȱΪ˴ӦûӦ˵
ˣϵֱɣȥ߶Ҳܷ㣬δؾһҪȥ׶СҶ룬ûĺʵ̫ƣʦĲܹκãõĽʵˣҲֻ˵ֻСɡ
ֿ˶ʦһۣҶ˵ģƵ㲻õģỨǮġ
ܹᵽʦΪĸ׵˼Ըɴཫ˵ǰͷʡöʦʲô뷨ܹúβȻ˵ӲȽأҲδؾûпĿԣҲԽڿԽܵĳ̶档
Ӷʦ뿪֮Ҷһ·ϳĬţлҲû˵ʲô
صʱл˵Щ竺һЩ
ʲôҶŤͷһۣܲ˵ȺʺôܰᲢۣһᶼΰ˸񰡣
ߺߣҲδءл̱ʾԷĸɰСŮĻ㻹ô𣿡
ᡣҶ룬ڻǺʵػشл⡣
Ǹ˰ɣٹ̹ϡлЦ
ЦЦҶȴеģʦģصи


241 һҪͨ
ʵҲһԴҶ̹Ȼضл˵лܶӣɲоУǻһŮͬͬĹδܹڵĳɾ͡
⻰Ҳڵҵǿģлʾ˲
ȻˡҶЦŻشлܶнĳɾͣĵȻһƯ
вŸǰɣлЩԼĲܣǱȽĵġ
㻹һġҶֱȻлΣЩ̾Щ˵
лһɫһ죬Щ߽
ڿ̸ͷ׼ˣЩؿҶл˵ҶپоŮУ÷
֪֮ǰҶлйڵģлĸлҶǺ֮ǣС֮ޡֻǰҶݺѣⷽлûɶҶʲôɫġ
ʵܹóλлܶӶҶ̬ȾЩˣȻʱҲϲҶ䣬ʱӶܹ֮࣬չһе׼
Ҷ٣ţơ˴Ĵָ˵
Щûõ顭Ҷһ۵˵˵飬Ҫ顣
ͷһ̶˹оҶ߶˵
Ǹղתƣûʲôջ񣿡Ҷʵ
Ҷлȥ˶ʦʱҲܵ棬ȥԱ߶ȥ죬˵
ջһЩġ̾ͻӦҪ¼棬һɽľҩܶ࣬ڶɽʺֹҶƷǴ˶ǨƵ飬ǺͳһЩ˻᲻뿪˼ʮļ磬˵˿־СԣٰҾǨ¶ڿ϶޷ɵġ
Ǹ鱨ģǸ˼䣬˸һҶܽһһ
ţܺáҶͷʾͣҲ£
Ƕ㲻˵ҪһڽǨãӰ쵽ļƻġʾ
ʱ仹ҾҪӴȣôԾ߳յСɽ塣Ҷ˰ֵ
ǼɣΪ¶ȽѶȡ
ǧֻˣһƢʱʱлܵʲô飿ĸȥԱǰǨǿҪҪܶȥɵġ
⿿Ǽ϶ǲɵģҪýҶʾҪǱ߶ֱӶʦȥβ˳һЩ豸߶ŵӰ
ŵӰͷˣЩ졣
ûҪŵӰҶһֵһЩеļ¼ƬзӦʱƬҲҪһЩŮŮЩٳʡʵ䷴һͥìֳڰǨˡ
ǴĻջǰЦ˵
ô˵˶ҶⲻӦǿһЩõġ
ʵϲǷҶδζһģϣøãø죬׼ߣһͷء
ȻںƶţôҶ϶ܹЧġ
ˣղŶ˵ʲôβţʵ
ǴѧУĶʦʱϳ˸Ӳ˼ҶҵҪйˣѰ˼ȥǱ߶һ°ɣκõȻòβã峤ҲֻΪˡҶʦ˵һ£ҲһЩصĸо
İ̥֮󣬶𾪣ȻǴûмʶΡ
ȴ˵֪ɽ磬ȷʵ˺ܶ飬ҴҲǣеζֻԼˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ鵹ûһȨȻͲض˵ˣֻʦҵֻСһʱ֮ҲЩͷ˵ʦĲزεĻ¶ôŪأ
ָԼȥǣǹǺģôҲֻίиʲôˣԼĹϵȽϸӣҲûʺǷչ·ӡ
˵Ȧ˵̽磬˵磬˵磬˵⽻磬ҽƽ磬ǿԿǵģֻѧ磬Ҷûʲô׶Ĺϵ
Ҳʲô飬ѧȻȥأʵǺģǻĲһЩ˵ǶҲΪҶŮӸѧôʣƭڣѧרѧ߾һùߵְҵ
˼һӣ˵ǰĹŸֱ豸ȥǣǨĽչҶϵѯʻǱ߶ǷѾǨĵطúˣоһЩϸڷİˡ
ˣϢɣⶼһˡҶһӵ
˯֮Ҷ뵽˽顣
Ȼ֮ǰܹ϶⼸ɽĵǿյģǵİɽըĿն֮ҶŷȻǰԵ̫Сˡ
Ȼ˵׽Ҫըҩɽըƽˣһ·ƾ质ͨϵͨ״ɽ֮߳÷չھʵʩУҲпָܲ谭
ͱڷֵ޴֪֮ܶ󣬺пܾͻᱻֹȥƻβŸһʺεĴȻܶơ
֮ĹϵĺСЩ棬Ҳ䲻ϡ
ʵϣҶļ䵱У֮ܶҲȷʵһÿҲ٣ϰͷϵʵݣȴһҲûУǷһЩزŵͷͷǡ
ʹĵģ质Ȼյɽ֮УϰյˮƽȻͣһַǳ״̬
飬Ҳ˺ģ˵滷ȣһп޵ѵҪΪ˱νĵۣǼľסҸ޷ͬ
ԣҶԽҿ֮ܶ¶˾ģһҪܶըΪ质һͨҸĴ·
Ҷ˯棬ֻ¶һԴ۾ϣһʱ֮侹Ȼ޷˯
Ȼ߶з۾һɨȴ˯лһ·˳Сȱ¶ЩĿУ¹Եô𪣬ôš
Ҷел˹̾ͱ۾
ѾͷʲôأҶ


242 ɵ
Ҷз۾ԼĺƵ˯һ
ܺţлͻȻҪʲô
лŽżߵԼԣʱҶܹᵽϴϢеһϢеԵĸо
ҶĥţӦĳˮȻӦòģлһֻ꣬һǹĲУϾֻԵпܷڳԵĲС
ں˼ţͼлҶԴԱ߶
Ҷ۾΢һͿлű壬һɫ˿ڿԼǰһɢһŮԺɶɵϢŪҶеССĳ嶯ĳطͻȻ
ѾͷҪʲôҶڸ̵ʱ򣬾ͼлͻȻŵı¶ֻ˯µ壬زӦյģԼԿüСݮĺۼ
ҪϴûɵԼưɣҶ뵽ֿԣ಻ɵö£֪Ӧ÷𷴿˳ܣ
ҶΪ֮ʱл񽫱һ͸Ҷ˯档
ԭǸҸǱ˰ҶɵôΪȻ˵Լ˼е̫ˡ
лҲǵģˣƫƫҹܹǸӣôвģ˭ֻΪ˰ԼǱӰǱķҲûôڿɣ
Ҷ۾һӣȴ˿˿ĶԼһ¡
װˣ֪ˡ
л˹ȻᣬžҹҶߵһף˲ͰҶ۾ըˡ
ֻл˫۽滷۾ȴһֱҶ糿һ㡣
װʲôˣҶʶ֮󣬸еЩգлܶӴҹĹܣ˭˲淢ëŮӼҼҵģô˷绯
ͺܸˣҪ˵ûߣлһҶһ£ȻŤͷ˻ȥ
ѾͷҶԴ˯棬Լ̵ϸߵ͹λе޺޵ģл߽˷֮תһ壬һԵƣԼĲŷӦ
ĽֱӵҶһû˯ãʱ򣬶ֻȦ
ľ񲻴ð֮˵
šҶ۾е̫ӦɽǸɽӦɡ
Ŷߵɽ֮󣬾˵
Ҷһۣˢˮ˳ȥ
׶˵ٵ񲻴Ŷ
ϰ߾ͺˡش
ɽˮǱȽϷ㣬ΪɽкüȪ۶ԴҾëƳˮܣɽϵȪˮ˹ÿ컩һ·ţÿһζһϸһЩĹӣľΪˮڡ
ôɵˮܵˮҲ޼ֻѹҪѷɫһЩΪЩ˵ˮ㹻ˡ
ҳȪˮϴҲȪˮ˵أرɺʱȡˮʽŻܵӰ죬ĻҾֻ취˵ƽʱˮѴµˮֻĻÿÿĴˮܶ࣬ҲȪˮãܺùûˮá
ҶȥˢȴûзֶͬжƺɽϵЩʥĴǣûˢϰһɵ÷⾪档
֮Ҷ˵顣
ʱЦ֪߶ɽˣΪˮʵĹϵƽʱҪˢҲܱݵףǳ궫ˮھˡ㲻һ񿴿̵ҲǺܻƺܺڡЩССǣݸ׵˼ˡ
ŶԭȴҶ֮Ҳɵ档
ȻǹƽģĳЩǷȱһЩȻͻ貹
Ҷ׼Լ緹ģûеȵǿű˶ӹǹȥԷ
緹ҲȽϼ򵥣࣬мպõ·СԼֵģƵһֵֺĶˬڣģ˴Ρ
Ҳ򵥣һӣ΢һͣĿһڻתȦͳˡ
Ҳܺúȣúܵλˬ󻬡
һ緹ĸоȷʵűöкõѬƬûȥһӡ
ɽɽ̫ѣĻ߰ʮ·Ǻ߶ŪһЩζͣòˡűЩпضҶ˵
үүĺˡҶ࣬Ͷű˵Ҹҵǿط󺣣һƽʱʲôζǻһ仰飿
ǺãֻʥĴ񣬲Ϥϵ飬ҪӦóһζʱˡű̾Ϣ
Ҳð죬ʱǻд󴬵ģҽԸֳҵҪһԲ̺ͺƷҶⷽ浹÷ǳܵ
ô˵ҲڰοͷΪϻصҵ촬ʱŪһСʲô⣬ֳʲôģҲֳɵľհᡣ
Ҷ峤쵼ǣбͷ˰ű˵ĶЦ˵
Ȼű˵Ǻ˵Ҷ峤ϰ೤ģϰ೤ӣûˢӣϰ೤ôôСӣǵ峤
ϰ೤ҶǬű൱ģϾ˼Ѿǹ쵼ˣĶ׳ˡ
ĴһһжǴģҶǾ˵Ҷб¸㶨һа
ˣˣҶٷԵúܲ˼űһ仨ˡ
лڶԷ˵ЦӯӯģҲ֪ǿĵЦƤЦⲻЦļЦ֮ܶǷǳӵһֱ顣
ҶȻʶ㣬ȴҲ㲻лܶӵ˼Ǹʲô˼
Թ֮Ҷּ˼İǨ£ȻŻصǱ߶ʼǱ߶ϵһֱ
ҶƽҶ˵֮̾͸Ͼ˾ԱҶӽͨҶϴæ¶
Ҷӽ̾͸վʱдĺȴǶϾ½ֱѾɹˡ
ֱ֮ͣҶǽЩ°ᣬзӳأвͷʲôģкܶӰϣҪĶ
ҪȥҶʦʱ򣬾ڱغɵ
ţҶԭΪںˣһɤӣԾǳģͷһסˣȻһʮСģǶʦİ̥Сеһλ
ղŽʲôţҶЩɵСѯʵ
ɵСҶתɫһ죬ȴֺһ
ѽҶһ£˵ôİҲʮ꣬ҴʮŮ
Ա߶л˼ˣʱ¶˹ЦݣȻ


243 ҪһЩ
ôҽиɵҪи硣Ҷ
Ȼ˵Ҷеر𣬵ǱϾǵصصʮ꣬ô˼СﺰɵġĲѣڲ˱ݶ
СеɬؿҶ˵ôġ
ʦҶЩ죬ҡͷʾףܲס
Ȼһʱ֮䲢ûⶭʦ⣬ҶҲûϾ̫ãСģܹʲôҪ˵𣿡
ɵͳԵġС˵ţʹóһֻС
Сӱúܾ£ƿֻ֮һССȣڵģһζƮ˹ȴʳ
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ΪһͷѾӲ֢ߣҪȥѧУϿΣΪĸӲģҪŽ£һΪԼȣŮӣǺ塣
ɵ㳢һɡС۰Ͱ͵ؿҶ˵
ҶΧлһۣСһֻȣŽ
ڶصģǴغȻζ
Ҷųɵó޵ȷʵܺóԣҶһɡ
һһֻ֮󶼷׷׿佱
С֮лϲҲЦտ紺á
Ҷؽţȴ㣬һӣھֱѾˣȥβˣζʱ䣬Ǿһȥѧɣһᰲչǵ
ԭҶûпǹԼһҪΪֻСδΣڳŶʦһȣȻгĸζɵµ뷨
һӦôһ𣿡Ҷתͷѯʵ
˶Щ㵣ΪҶʱеȣܿģҾҶģ׷׹ƻӭ
ӾҪǨˣѧУʱҲܵһӰ죬ȻˣʦŮһȥ飬ҲӰ첻ʲôˡҶ˵֮󣬾ͿʼǱ߶绰Ը楴кֻС飬ͬʱҲѻ˵绰һҪĶʦĲ顣
ʱֱգŶʦһˣ顣
ֱȥ֮ҶڽһӵϽ׼һ£ϻҪŵӰأ
һɢܵ˴й㳡Ǳ߶ʼӴĻΪӳ̨ӣЩ˺ܶľ񣬶ѵһϷӳʱ𼸶ȡů
ϾѾǶˣʡɽȻ䣬ҲԲ˸еůͣ𼸶˾ñȽһЩ
յҶͽ񣬿ʼͨǵ绰·ȥϵԶġ
ζʱ׳ʣѾֱˡ
ļ˹͹ʱѾˣ˶壬˦ͳǷǣһЩ˹͹ҲǸ̥ڽܹĵ׼
ھг棬һ֡
Уæúܣÿ춼ڷȥᵽ˲УʱҲɵöľҵʾ塣
Уҵúܹ㷺жޣӲ쵽˶ɣֻҪǸǮˬĿͻľӪΧ֮ڣԶԣϲĿͻжЩͻǮӵıȽϸߡ
Ǳ߶ĲȻȽ˼ҲӲͨʯЯҼֵߵĺöƽҲʯʲôľͱȽ鷳ˣÿɫС
ԸĿͻЩװЩ˻϶Щ˶Ʀǣ˶ǮƷúܣԲУûյԤ£ǲǵġ
ĹڱȽңֵҲԽԽˡҶ˵֮ǰ£߲٣סӣ˵ù⾰Ҳάֲ˼꣬ÿ춼æ˾𡣡
ҪһЩҶ˵
䣿ʲô˾еֶķ̫ˣ˵ˣЩֲӣҪҲûô
߻ܣȨ֪ġҶ̾ͱʾ񣬾ǶٲУܶŪһЩ䣬Ȼͨ;˻Ȼˣ˵ܸ㵽ǵİϵзյҲӰѾǹڵҩǿĶ࣬˵ҲҪǿھƻңӸ߲ҲûͷӬֵ࣬ܲĵطҪӣ
ǣ̻֮ӦֻǸ㵽ѶеҲ֪УǷ£
֮±·㲻ҪĲУҶش
ڲУֻҶ˽ģʵҶӡУȷʵǸ㵽һģһһˣ֣ͨг䣬ϰٸ֮ࡣ
ҲΪڵʱ£վĸ߲̫ˣۼҼڣûӦԼԼ޲ýеж⣬ɻ̵߻ƽ
ҫͱӽѣȡ֮Ĵʱ塣
£ĸҪģοڶ䣿
ðɣһת沼Уġʾ
Ūã߶мáҶٴǿ
ҶڲУЩڴģϣͨŪһЩվĺö
սڼ䣬гϴ¢ϵλƣռϷ磬ڸԵľóϵռžԵƵλ
սŹսƵľޱ䣬ԼóгӾ磬Ӧַشı仯ǿֻʣһԡ
ʵԴս֮󣬾óƷṹ˸Եı仯Ƚװ͸¾¼ĽԽԽ࣬ҽ׷ʽսʱ½ȴͳĳΪġƷھгϽ䣬֮Ǽ˵ĺվгսͽͧ޵Ϊһ½վΪжгҲΪֻ
ҶڶվļҲǳģֻǾѾˣǶ˹ȴȱҶոס˾棬ҾôQҲܳ˴򣬵ǶڿԣЩͽһʱ֮ҲˣҶҪĿꡣ
ĸҶȻҪ˺ܶࡣ
ֻΪʡ飬ҶҪ޳һ·ԲŻ뵽ɱЩĻ¶ͼ򵥶ˡ
ϵʱҶͷףǷŵӰͽӵ˲Уĵ绰ȴѯġ
ȷҪ𣿡Уڵ绰Ե÷ǳ档
ϵش󣬲УòҶ֮󣬲ܹȥ
Ҫ䣬һûϵҶʾ
ȽϸߵġȻУû˵㲻˵˼۸
һּǮһֻǮߵ⣬ҲԽܡҶĻ̾ǿ˲Уġ
ĺˣһ֮ھϢУҶ˱֤


244 Ҷ峤ĺ
Ҷ⻹ǺܲģϵӰ֮ʥĴǣڶڴ
Ҷʱóʥ꿪ҪΪһ԰ĺΰͼ
չԣࡢҶڶԼķܽʱô˵ģʥδչҪ׼Ϊһ㣬ǽγһϵеľûҵֲҵֳɫʳƷֲأȡгԣʽͶ룬ḻĻҪƶʵд峤ѡ
峤ҪѡǲҶ峤Լķ𣿡Ĵ̱ʾ
ûǵԭϣ£˭ܴͬԣչʥ壬˭ܹʥ壬Ϊ峤Ҷ˵
峤еͻȻһίɣһǿȭͷģдѵĽǮǶǱȽŷģϾӯӯƱǿüŵģٲˡ
ʵʥ棬Ѿɢˡ
ľɵʱ򣬴˾ͱˣ֮϶еģҪ˵һŶﵽĳЩĿĵûʲô
ҶԣȻǺ¶ͨմǵ˼붯ͨԼʩţҲǱȽϷġ
˼峤֮ҶȻһ⣬ʵ峤򵥣ҪĻҲǺнģܹˡ
Щ飬Ȼ˵󣬿ҪҲҪһʽúˣܹģԼţòãǿҪģû׼ϻᱻ˶Ьӡ
Ҳ˶Ҷ峤ͼʾ˻ɣΪȻʵѶȡ
ʥָǻ˹
ҵֳʲôģǴûиɹ
ֵرȽ˳ֻ֣ҪҶʮĶؾͳˡ

ĲͬҶҲؽڵʣ˭涨ũͲܰ쳧ˣ˭涨ҵֳľһֶˣ˭˭˭ҸʮĶزѣһܴʳ׬Ǯţ
ɽ߶ȻԣݣĶܹ߰˰ٽҲǺܲճɣǶʮĶط˳˺ճɣҲһǧӣһëǮǧ಻ǧǮ롣
һֵùʮĶȻǲܵģһ˶ֵصĻɾͱ̯ˣ˰ɣƽһֻһǧǮҡ
˵ʳǵҲˣһʲô飬˵˲ˣҪѧȵȣþ͵ֵסˣҶЦû룬Ҳ
Ҷһ֮ǼΪ۹ĴǲڨڨˣԭԼǵС̣˼Ҷ峤һ©
ҪеģһΰҵҶһɨȥͷΧѾۼ˺ܶڣɵͦţһӵȥˣʮ֮Ǿȫһ壬ҼҶס̣ܵбϣѾָһ·ĲòģֻҪʵʵҸɣͻкӹѵôһģǶò𣿣
а
Ҷ峤Ǹɶˣ
峤ֻҪͷҸɲ˵ҶҲɶˣ
峤ʮҪ˵Ļܹ֣ҰѶѾ޸С
ǵУѾҲÿȥ㺮˼Ҷ峤ɣ

ȻسţǺʣǵǱҶȼˡ
⼸쿴ӰջʥĴѾһ˽⣬ҲԱ˿ҶͼҲʥĴǶδĴ
Ҷ˵ҶѾ·̺ˣǮҲóˣ޷ǾǸһɾУĺ¶˭ܹ̯ϣ
ϵڱĺûᣬôܲϧ
Ĳ˵ҶһΣÿ˷һǮķݶϣҶҶ峤ȥܶ;û
лվһ棬һֲŪ֦һ߶ҶǱ߶ĶǸ¸Ǵûз֣ҶôĶԱӡУҶҶóľǴԼ˴ĵ̶ӳȥȴû뵽и˼빤ֶΡ
ƻġŻţӵҶлС˵
ҲǱ°һ˹ȴűүӡ
үл˵ͷ
룬Ҷ峤ǲб£һڰ·޺ãűүЦоĲô׶
ʵϣҶŬѾеǳ⡣
ҶʥĴǰúµĴַǷʽδķչ֮·滮ˣֶͨǵᣬԱȥĻ緢չЩ鶼Ǻ׾ģҶˡ
ûŵе·ҶҲ御ˣڴҵ涼ڿһ⣬Ҷ峤һ޳һ·
űүӵ棬Ҳ˼⡣
ġлȴǵش
Ҷ뷨Դлȥ̽·ۿҶըҩըпյɽ֮󣬾Ѿˡ
׹ףлҲ벻ͨҶҪпյɽѵֻըҩըǵҪըҩܹ쵽
Ҷһгı飬лҲܺ棬֪ҶǴôģ
űүлĻȴ˼˵Ҷ峤ܹ쵽һ㣬ôʣӵĴǣʵӵߣҪʲô£ȻһӦʹָ
л˵ͷˣűү˵Ҳû
һҶǲɵ֮ʥĴУ̾һĵλʲô˻ʲô£ܹҡڴеĵλҪܺʥ壬ľһ仰顣
Ҷȴ˵ĿĭɣȻѾһҴߵ״̬ˡ
ΧΧĴǣҲҶĻŪ˼׷ΪҶδ
֮ܶǧ֮ʼ£ҪģǾضԱҶǨ´ȥؿʼôǾܹʵǵ룬ճΪȫһ壡Ҷ鱥˵
ΧƵҶĿ⣬Ҳȵļ顣
Ҷ֮мʱ򣬴ҷ׷⣬ҶҲǳؽ˻Ӧ˿ԼѾʥֻҪʱ䣬һܹʥطչΪһָĴ䣡
ȫһͷʵҲǺõ
峤ˣڴ幫ˮأȻ˺
ˣҶˣʱüͷʥ壬Ϊͨǳ㣬ʱȻˣѵǳʲô飿
ߣȥȥҶһ֣ԸԼͷ˵


245 鼱
λһλģжʮ꣬ȥȽ秵ģ۾һλǺӣԼĪʮ꣬ǱȽϿ࣬һǾˡ
ǰҶֹĺҲڳҶλߣҶ峤λίͨѶĳ飬λҴ͢
Ŷ飬磿Ҷˣ˵ͷǼˡ
ίͨѶĹԱȻλ쵼רְͨѶԱддҲһЩϣʮ˴Ļ϶ʶ
ֻʥĽͨʵǲ㣬¶ҲܸĴ͢һܹϾҪѽһʱ䣬ܴسǸϹġ
ʥ岻һֱûѡ峤𣿡ƺʥȽϤҶôһλȻΪ峤Ҳǳһ
ѡˡҶش
͢һιΪʥ޵绰·ġ
Ȼ˵ʥشɽȽƫƧͨѶ·Ǵ˵ģҲУֻΪɽԵʣߺͨѶ·ᱻǸŪеʱᱻµľҶϣһ굱ܻϵϵ绰üΡ
һΣҲ绰δϵϣԲµ·ֳˣɳ͢˹ά·ίͨѶĳ飬˳ŹģҪһʥĿǰдһƪڲͨѶʲôġ
ǴǰЩ飬ôŵģҶŤͷѯʵ
Ǵֵаʮ׳ģ۶һĻôҲǸһԣҺ˺Ĳڣûʥάϵһˮİ
滹ûʲôţµԶٷһϢĵطش
Ҷ˵ͷţ̫ˣԺҪһġ
һ£˵Ȼˣʱסˣͽˣֵܡ
һЦɣ
ɽȻ࣬ǸǰȻǺöˣٳԵĲҶİţȥҶʱס
񰡣˾ʹһȻǷǳȤ
ǺǣõʵһЩҶʾ
鿴˿ڲṹʱ̾˿˵˼ĵΣҪίдųˣλĴ峤Ȼһ㡣
һ˶ڳ˵ʥսһλĴ峤
˼λ峤ĿսֱֱսģһǴӾǹģǺܲһ㡣
˵¶ʱ򣬻֮ԱǣǵӵܣôƾƧչҪ˵ʥʺĹطˣɽҪһŰõ
ɹ黳ɣԻǺܸȤģ͢ά޶һ·ʥʱ͸˹Ҫһʥ徿ô¶λĴ峤ô¶
Ҷк׸ڳһλҷ£а˳Ժȡ
һιүӵԲã׼˺ܶùͷʲôģúܣ򿪸ӣڻ΢һȾܳˡ
Ҷ÷״ͷŪ˵׷кԷ
ζȻȥ秵ģǳǺһҲ⡣
һɶʥҪǨˣһιΪʥһЩӰϡҶԳ˵
ɶǨҶ⻰֮󣬶ʱһ
ΪɽɽϢͨԵʣʥҪǨϢûȥͻȻϢ̾;ˡ
뵽ľǣλҶ峤Ȼڣոյϴ峤ûм죬ȻҪĶŴǨ׻˵ĺãƼֵᣬЩôԼ̳̳޹ޣ˵ˣ˵ҪǨɽأҪǨȥأ
úõģҪᵽȥأһҭסò׽һȥЩԾʵ
ɽǱ߶Ҷָһµ
ɽǱ߶ƺǼʮ￪ˡ
뵽⣬̾˵Ҳû׼
ҶЦҡҡͷҪʲô׼ģҲˣʥĵؽúܣɽһ߶Ҳʥĵ̶ôǨһΣԼĵ̶ϣֻǰԶһЩѡ
ͬҶԣǰǨʥҲȻԼĵ̶ϡ
ֻôʥγϰߣɽסȻһЩǷҲ٣һɽʱ˵ҲһͱڹúãйΰǨۣҲûγɹʶҪ˵жˡ
һҶ˦˴ѵĳƱջңַƣôҶͬʱһڱҲܴʥĴǡ
Ͼ룬ҪЩ˶´̳̳޹ޣҲô׵ģЩһĲֵ
ǣ涼֪¶ǲԵġָ̾еĹؼ⣬ʥ岻Сׯǧ˿أô飬ôİḲ̌Ҳİ壬ǳʲô飬˭𣿡
Ը¡ҶŲ˵ҵɵָǲȡ˰ǨԴԭ򣬴ֻṩع滮ȡᣬȫڴԼ
ĻûжԸǨɣʾɻ
ǵĶԱȫͬǨˡҶش
ôܣҲŻĽ
ɵ𣿣ѵǲ֪ɽȻãһжҪͷûмʱ޷Щ굱Упǹԭأ
ţĴʣ֪ҶԴ˵ûʲô٣ֱӾóȥ˽
ҿ϶Ҫ˽һµġĺǿȻһιû쵼ʲôָʾΪίĹԱõµĴӷôش飬ȴ֪ԼбҪȻ鷴ȥ
ǳ극֮󣬳ͱԼ˼¼ӣʼʥ߼Ҵصˡ
ôһ֪Ҷ峤ѾǨ棬̫ĹȻֻж̶̵ļʱ䣬ȴѾʥĴǣ˹ȥʮжûľ޴仯
Ϊ˶ԱҰǨȻÿ˷һǮϢ֮󣬼ҪץԼͷˡ
ֲҶʮ˵ԸǨģȫͬˡ
ʣԼǴôһطͻȻܹ˵ǸԼÿһǮһúµסԼ϶Ҳ᲻ͬġ
ǲô˵ô飬Ȼ֪ҶԼˣ¶ôôͷֱӰί˦
飬ô̷ܹԼƤӵ£
ʱͼˣŲɷ˼Ҵ֮󣬾ͼ˻ͬ͢˵顣


246 ίһ绰
ƾ棬ʱҳһࡣ
ԭίǲԺʡֱһλείǣֽʮ꣬ڴҵУΪĸɲʡ칫ĴѾ࣬ԭſҪεģȴϱɵôƫƧɽأίǡ
ôһλϴίǣƾصĸɲǼˣЩ
˵ʵڵģƾ߶ûʲô׬ǮĿɽգԴ䲻㣬ǴŽɽҲ䲻Ǯ޷ͨûƽ룬ɲҪÿҪҲô׵ġ
λίǣƺڷչƾؾõԸǷǳǿңǶڻǳģ⼸һֱоƾصĻɽȵȣ˿ˣΪǴʡ칫ģǴʡġ
ǣƾصѾӣҲΪίǵ£ƾصܹø⣬ԣȥڰɡ
ֻϵʱεί΢˽ãӲ繤ʱ򣬾ȻΪһС¶˳ͻ˴ͷȻ󲨡
ƾطίǾߵ쵼ˣ˵һɱĴȨûһίй˴ͷľ
ôһľ̾жˣھֳ־ĵĴ£ҴҸϵ磬ԹίǻĻǽץ
سҲϢ֮࣬ǼʱϵҽԺȥ̽˵ίǻ
ҽԺѾΧ˲ˣĸɲ˵Ǳ˸ˣȻǷ׷̽ҽԺ¥漫˵ʮˣݲһֻڴš
ɽȥ֮Щ˶еЩڣϾڻ֮ǰǶΧתƵģۼίǻˣΧ۵ķҲˡ
ɶЩ˲ûʲôעʵҲûжڴƾİףôǳһȺĻسҲ̫ˡ
߽ȥ֮ҽԺԺ˵ˣܹȥ˻ϢĲ
ͷϹһȦɴĻڸ˵
Ȧ˵Ҫǻطɣʵ̫ҰˣһԲϾͶ֣򰡣ΪҺŮҲÿһ⣡
ìﶼеġ˰ֵֻҲû뵽ƾص˱뺷ںܶϣɽ˶ȭͷġ
Ұɽ񣡡ЩߵǴ
Ȼ˵˻ԴǼˣʱѾؾֵĺ־ĸץˣǻ֪ӦþһͨĿڽ˰ֻǱһίǶѣˣ͵ؾֵľǷ׷׳ôαγ棬һ¾ˡ
ˣҲûдֵ÷з
ַյСطһίǵϢ̵ʱڣɡ
ڻ֮İСʱ֮ƾصĹٳˣˡ
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վɴ˸кȻкڲԱ߶û뵽ôҰҼҶǿ˾ףȰһ£ͱӣҪķʲôͻҲǱסˡ
ҲûôأȰܱ˵Ҳһ˵ƾصȷʵЩ뺷ҵԴ滹е˵ġ˰ֵ
ǿɵöסԺ۲켸죬ϣֻ΢ʲôġسɱʾ
ͷͬˣ飬ͬ־ൣһЩҹҪסҽԺˡ
ϸ˵ӦˣȰܵʱ򣬲֪˭תͷҵͷϣֻǵ֪ҵί֮󣬾û˸ҳԼֵģоַֻȰѲ붷Ź¼˶ץȻһʣޱҪҳ
˵ҲǣίǻûüѻԼȱͷϸñ¶Ҫ˳ȥίǵϺڣ
ԾΪάίǵϣҲϰ¡
ڸߣƾصȻԴǱȽϷḻģϧڽͨչȥҪϰյˮƽҪӱ취ˡ˵
س̱ʾǵָʾȷƾ质ķչڽͨ⣬Ŀǰûҵĺð취ҲпĳЩƷӹ취ϧûкõĿͽκΣ
һͨ㣬ѵе质˰ίǻп
ݵʱûйĸпͨ⣬ҲȽԶɽΪѵƾ֮·ҪԣҶүҶ·ľٶҲ˲ͬĿ
ҶүǺԶģɽ·Ǳ޵ģֻǻΪһʮˣܹ׳١
ƾҪ·Ҳίͳһ쵼һʥҪôḶֱ́Щ
ʡն뷨Ҳģ޷ǾҪѹҶҵĵҪҶչ̫죬·ϸҶһϰҶƾꪳɳ
ֻն뷨ȻòӴնָϸڲϣȴҪԼǻۣڿƾظ֮󣬾͵óһۣ·ƾضûзչĿܡ
·նָȴǱģԻԼҲ÷ǳͷۣ֪Ӧܹؽ⣬Ҫ⣬Ҫ·ȨԼвС
Ϣɣ̫̫ˣҰһɡ˵
̫ˡʾ˸лЩ˼һɣԼͷۣɣҲǺܺʣӰ쵽ҽԺ
Ը⣬Ȼò
ɸӸǣ׼뿪ʱ򣬾š
ɴ򿪷һȴίʯӣվǺˮ
ʯʲô鼱ӣЩʵ
ǣسˣίʯһ߶һ߶˵ʥ״ˣ
ʲô飬ʯ˵˵
ίǻҲʯӣʥԭֻһ޹ؽҪıԵӣ쵼ҲأͬˣҶҵҶǿսȥھͱһǳеĵطĶĿҲһֱڹעʥһһ
ΪͨѶԭ򣬻Ҫһɿ˹ȥÿ춢Ҷͳͳ㱨Լ
ʯ˵ҪҲʯ˵
ǡʯӴ˿˶˵ĻղŽӵίͨѶС´Ϣʥ壬׼Ǩˣ
֮󣬹Ȼһ


247 鶼ιˣ
˵ʲôеԼĶ䣬̲סһ顣
ʥΪӵԭǱ߶ͨѶжϣСɽķֱȽǿһûʲô¶˻ȥߴʥ˽Ҳôʱ
绰·ŵʱһЩ㱨һ£ǵ绰·˵ĻľһĨˡ
ô¶ίʯӣѾƽʥ·ˣάڼ·ίͨѶС¸պùȥѼϣ͸˹ȥͷһ˵Ĵ£ʥ׼Ǩҵͳŵ绰·ո޺õĻᣬϢݻˣ
ʥǨǨسɴ󾪵
ʥ쵼Ҳ֪ģƫƧ·ߣûԸȥƾҲǱȽƫԶĵˣʥȽϷգôӭ˿ڣԴҶǱ߶ĲǺ˽⡣
ֻżʥѧǴɽ߳ôﻹǧ˿ڣԳһϵء
Ǩ˵ʲô˼
ίǻԴеΣⲢϢȡ
ֱ¶һҶҵҶģǺúõɽס˼ʮϰģôܻͻȻ뵽ҪǨ
ҹҲһǧ˿ڣ̬ôǰһ£ҪǨȻ˲ǨǨ˵ǿѨ磬ôı仯Ŀԣֻһˡ
ҶҵҶǲ߻ı
С˵úܼҵ绰·ûȫ޺ã˵˼ͶˡʯӶԻɽ͵С˵ѾһǨˣҪɽǱ߶ȥʮ֮ĵط
еͼ𣿡֮󣬾ʯӵ
Ӧаɣȥһҡʯӵ˵ͷͳ˲ʱһƾصͼ׶೤һ׶ǽϡ
ʥɽм䡭ʯӺܿҵʥλãָλ쵼ӦҪᵽţɽˣܴһط
ɿ˵ͼ֮󣬾ͷʥѡǿطʵ൱ģλùãطҲչǰԶɽҪöˡ
طҲ˵ʥܹƹȥƶ¸ĿҲʹˡسɿ֮󣬵һӦǲװһ¶
Ϊƾصسͷ۵ľƾصĽͨ㣬ҵչϲȥ٣سͺ
˵ʥܹ߳ɽΪԼһ¸·ӣôΪسɣȻǱȽֹɵġ
ίǻ֮󣬾ͺܲ˵˵֣˭ͬǰǨˣôҲ֯ϻ㱨Լ;ˣаѵ쵼𣿣ǴҸʥô¶ίдڵıҪ𣿣
سˣ;ûƢеʱˣʥҶ֪ģܹ߳ɽ׷ҸɽʮĴǶԣȷʵǷǳľûɷԵġ
ʲô˼ֻǳǵܵսŷԣ߻Ϊʲô뷨Щǲò²ġ
һɺҲû˵ǾɽǱ߶Ȼʥ֮ڵģԭ˵ʥֻǴӴ߶ᵽ˴ӵĶ߶ô򵥵һ顣
鲻׵Ļ飬Ҫϸߵ˵˼ҴľԣߴǲðɽʲôĻǾеˡ
Ǻһ⡣ʾҽ飬ɳһ飬ȥʥȥ
бҪôسɾûеСˡ
ʥĴǾǨҲļʲôɷԣ˵û뿪ƾصؾû뿪ʥĴ徳ʵڿʲôҪȥĵطԡ
ܾûľٶеƺʥȥģһίǵؽ󣬲ӦôŶԡ
ȻˣΪسûиľ֮ǰҲûбҪȥίǻľ˵¹ѻ𣬻ǻԼڸеĵһѻأûбҪౣֳĬˡ
ǣίǻҪ£ίһǣͷί˼ˣһʮ˵ĵ飬ͿʼĿʥ塣
̾ƾ洫ˣ˵ί
Ҷ֪һ飬ǾʥҪǨˣĻΪ˾˵쵼Ӧ÷Եģ˼Ҫʥ쵼ˡ
¹ѻ˼ίǴʡĸɲϱ飬һѻȻҪʶ̬ˡ˾ͺҲ²ĸԴô˵˵쵼ǲԵġ
Ҳ˱ʾ飬Ĺԣʲôʱҫʥȥˣ˵˼˼˸õѡ㻹ҪӸ棬ҾǲģǲԵġ
˼ίǣһССʥ壬ʰˣ
ô˵һʥǨҪˡ
Ҳ˶ʾ˲ΣҾͲʥܰߣЩʱͶԱǰסҲûдһһȻ˵Ǿͺˡ
ʥİǨж˳֪ͬʱʥҲһЩͬ
ɲͬҪǸίͨѶС¸ġ
Ҷ峤Ұʥ飬ͨ绰ί칫ʯͬ־˻㱨ҾãӦʱֹͣǨжȴίָʾСڴ˵绰֮󣬾ȥҵΪǨ滮Ҷ
ҶڿһݵͼʵͼƬӶϾҪģʲôͳһӡˢͼҪ̫ˣʱΪǵİǨ߻һ·ߣʱǦȺɽ֮乴ѾȦһȽϳİǨ·ߡ
ȻˣֻҶ̸ֽҪŴһ·ʵؿһ˵ûʲôĻŻİ嶨
Сµĳ֣Ҷ˼·̧ͷСһۣȻ˵ţ˵ʲô
˵ҰʥİǨƻίʯ˻㱨ʯҪȥʾίǣ쵼ָʾû֮ǰʥİǨжӦͣС½ԼĻظһ顣
ֹͣǨжҶСһۣܲ˵Գŵ˰ɣ
ʲôСˣʱˣû뵽ҶȻô˵
һֱҶıֶǿͿģС¾λҶ峤Ȼᣬȴһλº͵ҿȥˮƽҲܸߣĻ֮С²ŷԼˣһһֻϻĻҧ˵ġ
˵Զˣʥ¶ʲôҶһҲСӣȫǴԼ飬û¶㱨ʲôⲻǸ𣿣⼸ǺóԺúȹ㣬鶼ιˣ


248 ôҸίԿ
СҶĻ֮󣬶ʱ;ˡ
ȴû뵽ҶȻôԹȫɰˡ
飬С¾Լû
ʥ岻СӣȻشƫƧȴǾǧ˿ڵĴӣƾزж˿ڣҲʮѡ
ʥôˣ˵ǨͰǨˣһϢûյʥҲûд㽫ϱⱾһص⡣
СĿ쵼֯޼ɣ˵ǿΣĸ߶ȣɲС¶
СίͨѶʱˣ൱ǿģ˵ĴڳﱸǨ˵ʱ뵽쵼ǵ
˵治֧ʥôҶ˵ΪǷǷģģҪͣģСмڴˣԼνʥ㱨ȥĻʥС£϶Ѳ˸ϵ
ҶҶ峤ȫͰСµɰ
Ҷ峤ô˵ͲˡС̱Ǹĸ￪ŵΰҵڵ쵼½еģȺڵҸҲǵģʲô£˵쵼ǿ϶ǻ·۵ġ
һֱڰ칫дϵİɣҶб۾С˵
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ʵҲܹС£ƾֵطίǺس͸˹쵼һĲ˵Ǹһίʯͨ˵绰С¼һˡ
ǶҶԣгίȥί׳ҲģһشСɲӵֽ棬ˮ¶
Ҷҵ棬Ķ˼Ŷģմ״ʵݣŻͻơ
˵ҪҶүӡүӺҶƽĻǻԤԼˣΪ쵼ôУ
һ֮Уͬʱλ쵼ˣǾѹ˼ҶССίǣһȤȱȫͷŲ˼ҵ۾ȥ
˼Ǽ˴ģСºҶΪǴӺãƾصв֣ӦίָʾҵĻӵģ
ҶƲƲôˣʥ嶼ӣҲûпίʲôʥĴ¶ģҪ߳ɽҸˣίȴҪ治֪ôģ
һжҪӴֳҪίĳԶ滮С²طƾص˶ǣҪίʲôҸ㣬ֻòʰ
ã㡭ҶһӵίĳԶ滮ʥİǨίһ滮ˣ
ֻ쵼֪ô֪С¶ʱһͣЩˡ
Լ֪ƾʲô쵼ģǲǿΪôǱģƻʥĸ￪ŵĴþ棿Ҷʵ
⡭ǳСߵ
ʱ͢˽
Ҷ峤绰·޺ˣղ绰˵ҪôͣǨƻиɫضҶ˵
Լ۹ҶİǨƣʥԣһ˲õĴ£˵ڵǧһʥɽߵƽ֮ᷢ츲صı仯
ҲƬ׼Ǩĵطͨɽǰٺ֮кܷĽͨ˵һǨȥܹ̾ΪеΧһĴڣʱֲֳҵΪеΧӹкԵ档
ôõ飬ΪʲôҪأһҪɳһ
棬ԴҲ΢ʣ벻ͨ
ߣɵĺ£ҶСһۣ룬Լճµĺֲͷϳ¼ҿʼӰһ˵˻㣬ȴǷˣճµĸҲһһˡ
Ҷνί飬ûʲôоһƼĹܣʲô飿
ίǣҶЩעˣ˵λίǵҲ󣬾ʮ꣬ʡ칫Ĵ˵־ĲʵɱĸɲնԼĺȣȻЩ鷳ġ
Ȼ˵ҶΣ˼Ǹĸ٣ƾ߶оԵķȨģԼİǨܵӰ죬ôԼļƻҲ˶ܵӰ졣
ҶȻ鷳С鷳ȴǲʤ䷳ԸгίǶǶ£ΪҵĲζȽϸߣֵô˼ȥҪ˵һɲǶ£еݶˡ
Ȼ˵˲˵ʲôҶԼþ̫ˣȫֲԼһӦʣ˵¶Ҫһ־С
뵽ҶͶ˵ټѴɽ·ڸˣüϰҪӶԷɽʱ䡣⣬Ҫͨɽĵ绰·ͨѶĬٿᣬлҪ
ǣ֤񣡡ˣܣ̸Ҷһ񣬾æȥҶЩȥˡ
ôװɣĴ͢ˣеͷˣλҶ峤飬еЩɡ
Ȼ˵ʥ鲻Լ飬ϾԼĵܵܣҪǸҶ峤һԿίľǶԼҲûʲôô
ʲô׵ģûеȵҶ˵ͰѴһ߶ˣһһ飬˰õص㣬Ҷ峤ִ֣¸С飬ȥңҲûˣڴһɰɣ
һ롣͢Ȼû̴ӦȴЩɶˡ
һˣȻס棬ǻڻʥģյܵ˵صʥ壬ܹ̾룬λҶ峤ƺҲܴ󣬸ˣҲзչǰ;
⣬Ҫˣ¶塣С¶͢˵ίԿʲô³
̾ͷ༥ʵǲզأǿʥĴǶǮã˺۲ôԼòĺôҪǵĺ¶Ҳ˲ǣ˵ϣʵô¶˭ˣҿޣ
ϻˣ˰˴ͳȥԺΪʥ岻ܻӭˣôˡҶһ֣;Сµˡ
ôңôҸίԿǻڵģϾˣСվ˽кš
ϳȥҶ˵
̾ӥ׽Сһ㣬С¸סҶ˳ȥ
ʱͷҲˣС±˳ȥɵһľȡ
СӸͨ籨ţĵҪˡҶ˵
Ŷá̾ͱʾǴ
ҶҪʲô飬õںίԣί


249 һ
ί츱ӵ֮滹һЩִġ
ʥʲôططƫƧղ˵Ҳ뺷˵ҪǸı⣬ǱȽѵģҪӰ쵽ǵʱǿ϶ǻͻġ
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һɵļλҲԴ΢ʡ
ʥֵطǨͰǨѵɽͺίǵ˼ˣ
ǰЩ˳Աŵô¶۶ӣ
ʥ·ɲߡ
ʮʵ̫ˣһ¶ܶܲ
˰ֵҲûа취飬Ȼϼ쵼ȥʥ壬Ǩ飬ˣô϶Ҫ쵼İġ
˵Ҳǣֻ飬ԣŲʲô⡣
˵ķҪǵġ
˷׷ۣȻһʥ֮Уǡ
ܵĻûԸȥʥĵطȥЩŵ顣
ˣҶʰ΢׼һ£ȡ쵽ʥ塣˵
֮ǰٸʥǱ߶绰ϵһС£ʲôµĶ򡣡
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׼ǰʥʱίͨѶСȴ˸ͳˡ
ôڴĵ·ߵԽԽԶС¶Դ˸еǳߣûʲô취
ȻڶͳҪܻȥĻƾҪϳˡ
Ҷ߶ҪҲܽȣʵͻĻԼӰ첻ãҲһЩ֢
ô˵˼Ҳǻ㵳֯쵼Ҷ˼ҶŸɲûʲô˼
ֻ¶ϵδƣҲɲˡ
ϵʱԭͻȻ绰˵ǲУѾҪ㵽ˣѾͨ˵жȻֱɾķɻ͵ڣϾͿ͵ʥ塣
һʮֻӣǧ𡣡Ҷʣ۸ǱȽϵˣҪҳһ࣬ĸ߲Ҳ񵽹ﶼ⣬׬һһ
ҶϢеǳܣۿί˾ҪˣԼ߶ܹƽ·⣬һϴ⣬ίʲôĶ޹ؽҪˡ
ãԱлõ𣿡Ҷܹ⡣
İ˵飬ܺõģһô¶شҶֶҲеЩǣ٣¶ǲеðգ㻹ǿǿپɣ
ʱҴˣڱʯ쾪һ£ܹСҶ̾˿ңҲǽ鴨ͨΨһ
ȻѾˣҲֻȫˡش
Ҷ˵绰֮̾Ϳʼȫ嶯ԱҪ̶ʥ巽
ʱǲе̫ˣʲôûüʰ
ǰ˵Ҫжȥǲסĵط
Ҽҵûء
֮ܶҶԼľ֮۵࣬ʾʱִ̫ˡ
Ҷ˵б仯ȲˣʥһɽѺۣרҷʱ֮ڿлԵĵΪȫȫ룬Ǳճ㿪һԵѣ
ʲôǻԵѣ
ɽ֪Ǹʮ˶ˡ
Ҷ⻰һ˵̾кܶ˿ʼ궯ˡ
ҲؾţҪľԱȫÿֻЯصʺʳȥǱ߶һжҰţ¿ʼҶ֮󣬾Ϳʼ֯ලȺڳӡ
Ȼ滹ЩԸΪҶǿĴУҲȽϰȣ߶ʲôģʵֵ˼ǮҲЩʳѣ̨ĵطʲôҵ
ҲɵˣС˲٣翸߸Ŵһ·ʼ˰Ǩ֮á
Ҷ׵ˣȴ
ʥǱ߶û⣬Ȼ楰ŵڽӦʲôźˣʱסͳһİ巿ůʲôĶû⣬ˮʳƷҲ˳ֵ׼ǧ˵ⲻС¶϶Ҫúõذŵġ
ҶȷʥѾһմ֮󣬾˵շɽпյĵط߶غ
ڶһ磬ֱ͸ϵˣ͵ֱ֮ʱˣֻ˼λЭҶµľʿʮֻ䡣
о÷֮󣬾Ϳʼǲɽ֮С
ΪθӵԭֻǼСʱȵһж趨֮Ѿˡ
׼ɣҶôһ֮Ҳеƣˡ
˵жۣǾϵĸ̫ˣϾЩڹ϶ǱֹģǷ˳ȥĻҶһӾͱͷˡ
ֱַ˻ǽߣڿתȦ֮󣬿ʼΧ˳ȥ
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ʮֻʽЯ˵ͬʱըڽʥڵɽӲظըˣпյɽһӣɽʯ飬ȥ֮󣬾Ȼγһ֮ڵƽ
һҵĿӣɽ֮䣬ƾصзͨȻγˣ
ȵһж֮ͣҶֱڱըϿһӣڿԱȽȷըɽƻȡԲĳɹ
Ҷðźܴգǧ򵽵ıЯʽ˵Ҳһٳɹ
ѾǨʥĴǣҲܵ˵𲨴Ȼʱİ巿Ȼÿ˶֪ˡ
Ҷ峤ǵĴǰ
ǿǱ߶ɽˣ
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ʱҲ˴̳̳޹ޣɵȻˡ
Ҷڿп˱ըЧ֮󣬺⣬һΪƻĺۼĺһȻĵ
ҶҪסһ𣡡Ҷǿһ𣬸ıʥˣҲıƾˣӴ֮ƾͨĵ·ڱһͨˣ


250 
ʵ̫ţˣȥɽֻ֮˵ôһ䡣
˵ҪǳܶķףѾ𾪵˵ˡ
ֱʻԱȽϵһЩֱڿת˺üȦ֮󣬲Žʥ
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ܿΧҶΪӵĴǣʱҶʱ򣬾ͬǼ˾һ㣬ľ͸м
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һҶֱͬĵ˵ͬʱҲʥеøߴԸӣԺչǺкôġ
ٰ꣡Ҷ˵ĴӵУƵػ˻ֵ¼԰еģҺܿ죬ܺãǵľɼ԰ôǾҪŬǵ¼԰ϣ괺ůʱǾܹס泯󺣵¼ң
֮󣬷׷׹ƣȻҵȻЩ壬Щ֪룬δЩãҶ峤Ҿ͸оƺĹǣ˱ͷĲ˵ǴɶǼǮİҷѰ
߶ѾȺʱˣҲû뵽Ȼᷢ飬Ȼ˵ϻظʥ벻ԶɽȴӰ˽ͨҶʥĴǨַ͸ϻؾ벻ʮˡ
ôľ룬мҲûʲô谭Ҷ֮ĽҲˡ
ϻѾ˹ѾһЩĶڴҵִԼǧּٶּ洬ضһƬȻľ󣬶Ǵ㽨ĳ
ʥĹ滮楰ģ˿ǵҶһЩرҪ֮⣬طǲοغƷǳֻʱԭ򣬴ʱڴػ׶ΣȵסĻҪȵˡ
ʥĴǣסʱƶ巿֮С
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Ѳʱ¾֮ҶȻһͶԸ˵˵ҲˣǼ԰Ҫϼ㱨УҲҪһǾû¶ˡ߶һУǻϻضǴľҲһӳ濴ʡ˵ģһ¶
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еĹҶע⵽ˣΧһСɽУƺ˵𣬶ҶȲСŶеķز΢СӰ졣
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ֻһʱ֮䣬˶ԴͷԴҶԵ磬Щ֪롣
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Ȼ˵Щطƽ̹ЩʯǴ󲿷·涼ǿͨ˺ͳģֻҪ΢һܹɿɹʹõ·档
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Դɽ֮󣬹ڿַҲһЩĵãضӦԤȻ˵ʡǵƵҲİš
ֻһδӵ˾سɣԭί츱ˡ
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ΪƾصسҲǷǳ˷ܣĵѾûˣʥĴһεһֱһ漣
˵֮ǰҶԱʥĴǨûоίһصδôΪ¼Ӱ죬ҶһΪһ
һǧ˿ȫ׳ٰ
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һε飬ʵǳԤϣܹ֪ʡն˼ܹ֪Ҷܹ֪ҶϽҲ޷Ԥ⵽һ
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ĻǴôεľϡ
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ʥ飬ûǳ˶мɵģ춷Ϊ˭
ίʯŽˣŸոշʡίģҪƾضԾڵĵʧ˵
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ģⶼʲôƨ飿ʯ뿪֮󣬻̲סϵļһɨ˵ϣŭȴ޿κΡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷֽӵ˸Ҷƽĵ绰
飬ķɻǻؾȥҶƽڵ绰жҶ˵
ףôֱˣҶЩʵ
Щ˵ͬ־һؾְүүҲ˳ؾһЩҪġҶƽش
ŶҶ˵ͷԼôĳ棬үȻ˷Ҷү϶Ҫ֪һģ򲻺ý
Ǹ߲һЩСȽϸȤгίǺ;ί߲ȡı档Ҷƽ˵һ䡣
ŶˡҶ˵ͷ߲ĵģǷɡ
鵹ǿ˵һ˵ģĶǶүӵˣǲõ˵ʲôǱ߶ʹԱ϶ĵĴҲһЩΪȻǿЩʲô顣
Ҳֻ֪һƤëǲģڸ߲ǰô棬ҪԼ˵С


252 Ƹ߲㣿
ҶڵһʱڸϵУյίſڣͼһλŮסĳӡ
ãҶӣҶ磬ڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡ŮҶ˵
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Ҷĳӣųڸʻλϣһ·濪˹ȥ
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ֻҪԼţЩͳȥЩͷǳԼģȻٷʲôɧһǿҶүӺͶүӡҶƽϣһҪԼòϵķݶˡ
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⼸λݲһġҵ涼ôš
ʱҶƽ칫ͳһλ飬˵ܱǸλҶҪҪֻƳˣʲôʱӼǻ֪ͨ

ҲΣίԱİţֲɣҲֻ뿪ֻǿһҶˣȴȻڵ˿ûŲѵ˼ɵЩɡ
ȵЩ뿪֮Ҷվֱ˽ȥ
Ҳ˽ȥȴҶƽ̸ˣǱˣί鳤أоίٽ
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ǵʱҶѾȫ˰ǨַȥˣеĦԼ뿪Ҫֵİһɫʡ
ڸ߲УǸӵܣֳ飬Ȼ͸˾ˣ˻ӵԤԵҶƽ˵
ǰ޳˴ԤҶЦ˵Ҷ˵Ҫй⣬Ǿ˹⣬֮Ⱑ
ǳҶƽҡҡͷҿĳЩ˳Ա˳ŵģҶҳһ˲Űɣ
ҶƽʲôԤԼҵ飬Ȼ˵Ҳ֪һЩͬ־ȻλȨأȴϲˮ֮Ұµʱ򶼺нΪЩڳȫûκεԿԣҶԣ쵼˵̬ҲǷǳкġ
վҶƽϣϣѧĿɳչߴ߲֮УγһµʩΧʲҵϣزɲĹ֮
ȻˣЩʱǲȥ˵ģҪһ˵ĳܹγһµĹʶ
ȻˣһιȥҺǰɡҶҶƽĻȻһֺ˼뷨
ϷŪһ¸߲㣬ʵҲͦ뷨Ϳĵˡ
ҶҲˣȻϲԼһ£Ҳʲôֵ顣


253 Ҷҵļͥ
û¶¶ҶƽҶһۣɲʲô
˵ҶҶƽЩҲЩͷʹ
ǣҶ⣬Զˣÿÿо֮٣ÿһֶܹվʱǰأסƵķ̾ΪֹģͬʱҶ鷳ҲǼڵġ
ͿЩţͬӵǵУһܹҶһڸ߲мģǾûеڶˣ
еӵǣԼҳǸèһ㣬裬ڼͷڹ꣬¶¶޲ߣԴ׾Ȥ࣬ӵܣȻҲָʲôϢ
ҶڼĹ׾ͺܴˣĲ˵ϳ¼ҺϷңǿһӲǽŸˣ˵ҶƽίԱʵ̶ܴҲǰݶҶͣᡣ
ҶƽȻͷ϶Ҷʾ񶨣ȻҲһ߶ȣΪҶԼͿԴⷽ飬ڸʲô©
أȻؼҿү˵Ҷʾ
ҶƽҲ˵ͷȥǣ϶͵ˣȻҪϢһҶүӺͶүӼ棬̸һ̸һЩ飬ҲǺбҪġ
һ˷˷ɻСʱ֮󣬾͵׶
һ·صҶլ֮󣬾Ѿˡ
ʱɫѾغӭӵа칤ԱźҶƽг֮󣬾Զȥͷ˵ۺֲǱ߶ѾҶϵĴӪ
ҶƽҶһȳ˷ȻҶүӻ
˵ҲЩ˷ܵģȻ˵ѾίԱ飬ȴûлᵱгίҪ˵ҶǵĸףĶ׳ҶǬˡ
ҶүҶǬĴ˵Ҳܶ࣬٣Ҷһžλ쵼ͬʱλȴǲʵ
ʵҶҵλ쵼УүӱȽϵ͵һЩΪίʵʸ˵ĶүҶھȻλߣ֪ȴǲߣעĿȴҶƽʵʮһίԱίǵݣܲ˲Ŀ
˵ˣڵ棬ҶƽĽʺ޵Ҳ
ΣֻҪҶƽĴ󣬽гί϶ûģᳫ쵼ɲữǰ£Ҷƽ볣ίһһҪλõĿԣǷǳġ
һֱȵϾŵ࣬Ҷүڸүǹ
ҲΪҶƽҶλүӲŴյһƽʱǻǸ˸ģϾݵλ̫ˣʺϾһ档
˿ˣ֪Ҷıʲôء
ƽˡҶүӼҶƽҶ֮󣬵˵ͷ
ǵģ׸ɺãҶƽʺ
ǺǣãˡүЦŻش
үүãүүáҶҲЦеʺ
úãСҲܺүӹЦ
ߣ㻹ЦóǳôҶүûصҶһۣȻɳ
ףλСǡүӿ˺磬Щɵöʵ
ҶϯãҶϯãҶǵ硣Ͻվػ
үӿ˿磬佱ţСﲻúƽǰǰ;
ллҶϯ繧ظл
Ȼǲö˵ģΪҶƽ飬绹ŷĽɫƱǻΪҶƽǳص˲ŶڵģҶƽڵڵλߣļҲӦ
Ҷƽɹ볣ô罫ΪûģΪһŮԣʮ֮Ҳʮ꣬үԣǰ;
籾ǿãΪʡʡίǣҲǺܴ
ȻǰᣬҶֽܵŽҶΧ
ϾʡԱһײϣûкǿĺԮǾԸɲõġ
ͺĳʡʡλãһֱͲõܹʡ̴ְ˵ˣ⻹ʡĺ̨ǿӲѣĻÿ춼⣬Ҳʡְġ
⻰ȻҲǺ˵ѣͬʡʡίǣ˼ʡԼȴƽ£ͺ˵ˡ
ȻˣҲ˱ʾΪʡίǲ幤ģʡĹʲͬ⻰էеϸãվסˡ
ûкںʡίǾܹȻǲܵġ
ڹڣҪߵһλϣûԼŶ֧֣Ǿ԰첻ģͬ־ҲҪڷͬ־Χл빤ġ
үӸ˵˼仰˼䣬ŰѳҸеСߣüķԱ¥Ϣȥˡ
ʣĸ֮󣬶үӲ˵ţڿɡ
ڰɣүүҶ̱ʾ飬ڵλûпصȻҲҪ
ˣˡүӶʱЦ˵ǿᣬҲ࣬Ҫ۵ļ飬ǸҶδķչйϵġ
ҶүҲ˵ţ񵰸ѾˣҶҵõƶͨѶк͡ú硢ϡԴмʮҴ͹쵼ȨǱȽģΨһȱûҵ
Ҷˣ͵˵ͷҵȻ˴ѵҵΪϳҵĴͳȻ˼ҲģҶҰ棬Ͳ˼ȥˡ
Ҳʲô⣬ֻҪҶɹ֮Ͳʲôˡ
ңҶҲȱֽԴҶӹʯڻгϴ׬һ֮ҶҾͻԪʽ𣬶Ҷһ֮ҶֱͿõʽ𣬳ʮ𣬶ڻϻصͶ룬Լڸ۵زͶ룬ûмء
ΪҶϵܸͲĻأʵҲԹҶֺţǿǼһҵֽһҲ൱Ӵġ
ôӴľʵǹκһҴܹȵϵģҲѹһγ˵ͶʱҶֱӾ͸һʵҶеֽ̫డ
ҶҵδչҲ̸ҶҲԼĽ飬Ѿˣý轫Ϊص㣬μ彫ᵭȡ֮ľϵºŽײ㣬ҶѾһͷҪڷչ϶¹ˡ
Ҷүӵ˵ͷʾͬǼҵľðףһִģϣжϣ˵˵δҶҵҪ÷չӦʲô
˵Ҷҵλ쵼ˣѾȫͬҶھϵĽҶǰһʹӸȴ˳ڱ˻ΪĻĥƤӵʱҶѾԭʼʽۣΪþ÷ĸ໰Ȩṩ˾޴Ĳϡ
ˣھ÷棬ҶүʼҶҲ൱Ȼˡ
ʱҶүӡүӺҶƽĿ⣬Ҷ


254 򵥾
ôңҵѹܴ󰡣ҶЦ˵
ҶүӡүӺҶƽͬʱЦȻǱҶġ
㻹ѹ
Ǻûпѹ
Ҷ̱ʾ˭˵Ҿûѹˣ˵ģѪᣬп඼ԼԵѽǹ⿴ʹ죬Ͳ˵ʱˡ
л˵ȥ˵飬һûءҶүӰ˰ֵ
Ҷһ⻰ʱͿ˶үӣͰһͳȻǡͽ֡
û취ô飬ܲүү֪үһ̯˫ֵ
Ҷƽȴһͷˮʲô˵
үԶҶƽ˵ӻǧԪȥʮʽ˵װãǴըƽˡʥĵ𣬾ôֳģƾϵĳڣѾըˣ˵һƽеĺ԰ˡ
Ҷƽˣʱһ
ѾҶˣҲû뵽ҶȻôڣô󣬾Ȼ˵ĺ˵˻һһ𣿣
찡ʲô㲻ҸɵģҶƽͷ̫ѨɳϣЩ˵
ţʵҲҸɵˡҶǫ˵˵ҲβģϾҪһ޳·һǳַǲɵ񣡡
ҶүһЩ˵ȥɽ·˼ʵʵسȥʮĹԼһҵȵ·޳ˣĻҲˣҲˣʮĸҲʲô̫׶顣㿴ڣȻһ¾Ͱ·ˣڵʥ𣬰ǨֳַôĶôܲע⵽𣿣ôһǵļƻɾ޷˳ʵʩˣ
ΪҶҵĵ̳ˣҶעҪ;һ·ģôΪҶ滮δĵ·ҲҶҵһҪҶүȻû˵ΪҶ̵ʱ򣬻ǲġ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ˻ǳȥѧ޹ɽϸǴе̹ſ죬ȻŪ˵ĺ˵ɽըˣŪһͨʵ޷˵
ҶжǰеԶԵò԰ˡ
ʵǺѳˡҶʾν粻ֹҸȥʥ壬ûеʥ壬˼ʡ͸ƾίǣҪѹȥģҶԱǨ֮είǻһ飬Ҫʥҵ飬ȲѲŲȡرֶΣҲǺݺݵδǵˡ
飿үˣ̾ͿҶƽһۣȻ󷢱Լô˵նҲûжķչǰ;ˣҿŪˮŶ
Ҷү̾͵˶үһۣһʿʲô죿
үͷٺһЦ˵ˣԱ߶Ĳ豭һڣͼѾˡ
Ҷ̺ɫүϡ
ţԶүүáүüЦ˵
ǣүĹϵ˵Ҷ˼۾
ҶүӺһ˺ˣǾͱƴڻˡ˵ģڽľ÷չƣСûʲôر뷨
Ҷƽʾٵһӵʲô뷨ȻӲŶ԰ɣ¶ҲӦи󵽲ǣ
˵˵ʲô飿ҶүӶʱЦ
һһʱչȻǲͬģֵĻ棬ҶҵˣҲ˾ͰرʾԼһضܷ
ֵĻ棬Ⱦǹ쵼ˣгίίԱϯϯίǣһжҪΧŹУԽڴڼ̸ô⣿
ҵûʲôر뷨Ҷƽ˵ԴҵȻǱڸǵķչص㣬Ӧ÷˲ҵ棬˵ƶͨѶ˵˵ĵԿƼȷ档
˸ҶƽĻҶ̱ʾ֧֣ȫͬҰֵͨѶͼҵչĲҵδʮꡢʮʮķչǰǷǳɹ۵ģץסᣬҶҵľ쳣Ӵ󣬶ķҲǳǿ󡣡
򵥵˵һ仰ûϲ㽨ҶҶԼķԣͽŽδʮ꣬нǹھһص㣬ϰܹʮĻ˵ܴĹףͬʱҲΪҶҵĺճѰ෢չ
ûϲ㽨仰ʵǷǳȷģᴦĳЩʱڵʱ仰δˣ˵ڹȥļʮУûϲ㽨֮ĹϵʵӦ˵Ǳġ
Ǿʮƽ֮ĲҷԼĸ￪ŵʮ귢չɹ֮󣬹ڵľûѾʼػָˣԶ׼ǣչͷڹ񾭼ûóչ֮󣬾ûٴγΪϲ㽨չҪء
Ҳ˵͹Ǯ˵ʱ
ҶǺģǾҪҶҳΪҵȦھй㷺Ӱ޵дڣΪһ㣬ͻƿѡϰҶƽС
ͨѶҵͼزҵΪҾҪҵĿǱҪץסģһ㣬ǷزҵķչпܻΪ񾭼÷չ֧ҵⷽҲǱעģҶҿʵزֽȥҪӵӰڷزҵСҶһ֮󣬾ͶԴ˵֮ܶδʮҪǵ춨ҶҾûλĻƽʮ꣬ץסᣬҶҵĴ첻δڣʧȥᣬͲ˵ʲôˣΪ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷһ㵹ǿúҶƽҶҼǻҲսһˣгίĿԴﵽҶҲܹھ÷չзһһ
ĵ⣬ԼǷܹڼͥȫƱͨ
ΪҶүӺͶүԭϽģھ÷鿴ñȽϵһЩԲһܹԼĿģϾҶܹԤ֪δʮ䷢չƵˣǶһ޶ġ
ҶүӷԼĽ飬ôҶֻԼⷢչˣΪʹûܹü֧֣Ҳ֪뷢չãܹ֧ҶҵδչĻ˵ĴǰҶҵĻȨὥرᣬֻ̫һֻһЩɧȨɧȨҲûˣֻһЩԵá
϶Ҷ޷ܵġ
ȻҶѾƶ²˿ϲı仯ôҶ;ԼƶҶ÷չŶԡ
ҶүҶĻ֮󣬳˼һ֮󣬾ͶԶүӺҶƽ˵ҵ˼ǽδչĿȫСǾô
Ҷһʱסˣû뵽ҶүôɵأͿʼȨˡ
仰൱ǰҶҵľþȨҶ


255 ô峤ɲ
ҶүӵȨҶҲЩ־ĸо
ӡУͨѶҵҵǷǳ׬ǮҵǾôʵģȻҪúõسﻮһ
ҵͷУȻǾǡ顢ԼС
ҵȻǴ𲽽׶ΣŹгǿҲкܶ౾ͺǣʼУҲǵڹλתԵת
ǵƸӣҶھǴĵȥһЩ飬ֻҪھǸҵͲҵ˵Ǳ߶ȻСҵڶ࣬зҲһѣһִģʽҲҶϣ֡
ҶѡΪҶͨѶҵͼҵͻƿڣƻд֣ҶƽУҲҶִϵıϡ
ʵϣ԰ʮչ׳ܹȫƺҲܹ˾öĺٺ١
ʮ֪ʶ˾Ӫҵηչľѻᡣ
һ¼ǰץסھñ䶯ҵһξǻ󳱴֪ʶĲƸᡣǾ޴ҵᣬԽ֮PCҵѡڼưӡˢ潨ȴЩҵҲǹ¡
֪ʶ˷࣬һԾڴͳҵǿϵУŹ͹δƱǨ˵һͰĴԳչҵչ̷ִ൱ʡ
ʵϣΪѾ̳Ľͬ־Ҳ󣬵ʱһĻ˴ҵҵӲӴ
ʱͬ־ϯλãŶֱʷܱ˶ʿĹŶӣֱĹŶӡ
λҵܶԹҷչƼ߼ΪͬΪҲõ֪ʶӵвƸʱˡʱͬ־ӦԵ壬Ŀഺ٣ѧʶ룬ɵӡ̣ɵòøС
ȻˣЩ沢ûжֽ˿Ӧ쵼Ȼнؽͬ־Լҵ뷨
̣ڶ༼ʽĿǶǲûĴֻҪб´ǮŪС
һˣ˴Ĳ࣬˵ĸоеֵ
һ˲ҵˣǱ͹ʷͶʱĲƸ񻰣ǶĲһȤನ飩Я飨ʢš
ɾй¸ˣƸըԴⲿ
˺Ӧڴе棬չʱMBAҵĸͶʿͶǽֱӶԽӹ̽ɫģʽƣУչʽҲڹ
ǵĳ֣Ͱɸ۰̨ڸ߿Ƽ䵱ŷֵĽɫȡˣӴ˴½Լҵ̳
ǲô˵ûм²ҵûоñҵûЩεĻ֮
ʱݱ䣬ֻҲʧʱ䴰ڹر֮Ҫ֪ͨʶĿҲͺСˡ
µļ˳֪ʶͺñҰٺһ뾲صȴ졣
ҶЩ飬дžΪԼеҵ˶λ
Ӧ˵ʱ֮ͣڵһϣ߶ڴнʱڣ˵ʵڷչǺܺãеĵؼҲһҪ⣬Ͷɱе̫ˡ
ҶҲпǹԼôǵʥĴ峤Ǳ߶кܴһƬطǿģһ߿ƼͶҵ԰ʲôģҲԶͬʱֿɽŻӦǲѡ
ܹʥΪ߿Ƽҵ԰ôǵȻˮǴߣҲпڹڴһµʷ߶ȣ߿Ƽ壡
ԶԣйشһԳǣ岻ǽҵĿչҵҶҪʥɹ͹ĹȣΪĸ߿Ƽ԰
ֻĿȻԶ󣬵ǾҪʵʱգҪͶʽҲܶ࣬ȻˣһƼ԰չܹ֮ǿĲǼڼʮôˣпܴľһһҵ
ҶҶүӵĳֱڵġ
ΪûйٷݣȻ˵һ峤Ǵ峤ڹ͹ȨǰǺܳһְλ峤ɲĲ˵
˭ҲܹӴ峤𵽵شãϾѡ˵Ҳֻܹһˡ
ˣǼиԶݣԳƸйסҶүӺȻҶ˵
ʲôҶ˶ʱһ㶣е󰡣ƭӣţˣû˵ҶҵݵУֹʲô߿Ƽ˲ţ˵ʲôˡ
ʲôҲϴμҵʱƬһֱڳġҶү鷭˷ҳһƬдλԶ׵֣Ҷ
ͬͬհҶ֮ЦЦת־Ͱѵ绰˹ȥ
ãҶеʡζ
ҶҶżɽʵүү˵Ǹйףʲô
ԭҶ٣ǺǡԷȻ֪Ҷݵģе˼˵ЦЦǸԶ齫
ҶˣʱⶫҲܹǶһˣ˴ͳĻָ¿Ƽӹ죬Ҳйг󣬺١
Ҷ˵绰Ҷү˵λǸ˲Ű
ҶүҲҶҶĶԻ춼˵ⶼʲô˰ԳǸ߿Ƽ˲ţ齫ҲǸ߿ƼĿ
˵ġҶЦŶҶү˵ĸ߿Ƽʵܿģܹͳҵ߿Ƽһ𣬶ҪһЩŵͷй滮ģۼλݣȻ㲻ϴţСһЩģ쵽һ
˵ĳӽ˴ڣ֮ͣҶүҶֱȥİ칫ҡ
ֹһӣүӺҶƽĳӣҲֱִ
ʱƣھгίίԱǷ׷׸жʮλμӽĻ飬ģܴ󣬵ӰȴǳԶ
ΪڽĻϣһгίίԱίԱҲʽڱĹҸɲҶҶ峤
Ȼˣ֮ǰĻ鶼۴ģҶȻԵμӡ
ȵ鿪һСʱûʲô֮аԴһ˹ҵϢкȲԵĵҶСҶ쵼Ǻȥ˵ˡ
õġҶ˲ͣվͬԴ߽˻ҡ
СҶ
С
ֳˡ
ֵίԱͳίǣʶҶΪ٣кܶ໹Сʱ˼Ҷ֮󣬶Цظ˵
Ҷһһ֮˴ϯϣվ֮˹ʩȻŰ˵λ岮үǴҺãлȲҪұྲô峤ɲСҶôҲһˣ
⻰һ˵˶ʱȻʧЦλгίҲ˶


256 ¶ҲҸɵģ
ֵĻ濪ЦƴڻҲҶˡ
һΪ㹻Ҷҵʵ̫ˣλҼ쵼˲˵ͬ˾ҲкüλϵϽĻмλƣ˵˵ЦЦҲǺġ
һΪ⣬˵һСӣȻСӱȽڣҲı䲻Сӵıʣһ仰˵úã˷ϵ۶ԭ£Ҹ㿪Цκεĵġ
󲿷˶ΪֵĻһ۹Ҵ£ʵֿƫġ
̨ϵ飬Ҫ¶ýǰ飬ȻһģĻĲУΣľ棬ҿǲ軰ᣬͬʱ򲻷һЦʱпܻᶯȭͷǽ۳֮󣬴һǾҪЧˣκ˶ϸʲôСϲܸСǶּ־ӣҪ׷εġ
Ϊ˽⣬ҶŲֵĻ̸Ц
˵пͲɵðԳƵˣҶҵӹȻֵطܹ磬ûһӻı֣ǽŻӣţٿԼҵЩǣܹ;˳ɫʵǰҲǷ
˱ˣ˰Ҷ˵治˵ĽʺޣҪһӵģҶȨҲͲˣƫƫӰ˻ô㣬ñûӻˡ
˺ˡ˵˵¶ֻǹŽͬ־ҲгίСһλʮ꣬˵ĸ֮󣬹͹߲гί쵼ˡ
Žͬ־֮󣬴Ҿ;
СҶͬ־ҪһʹǱ߶飬ǵһ飬ҪһʽǱ߶飬ǵڶ顣Žͬ־Ҷ˵Ȼֲһ䣬Ҫʲôǣ齲Ϳˡ
лѡҶ΢΢ͷʾ˸лȻſһɤӣ˵λ׳岮үǴҺã
ôһк̲סЦ
ŽһҲûƢֻЦЦ
Ҷүӷˣţ˵˵Ǳ߶顣
Ǳ߶ʵҸ˺ܶġҶһ޹رʾ֪λһ飿
𡣡Ҷү˵
Ŷ𡣡Ҷ˵ͷȻͷ˵ھ飬еģҲǱ߶Сƶѣ㲻ʲô¶
飬ʵǿ˵ģΪ¶ڹ⣬ûһɽֹҶڹⲻܷ˾׬ǮϾͱֵúȻԼĲַµظ˽һ
ֻҪиʽҵʵĴˣȻ׼վ߲ҪվһЩ˳¡Ҷ˽͵Ȼˣؼһ㣬ҪҵʵĿϳǮңĵ֮תʾгʵֻǺܼ򵥵顣
ҶȻ˵ĺף֮󣬶ʱˣԭЩҪЧҶҲȥһĸˣҲ޻˵ˡ
ĵ㣬Ҷ˵ĺҲȻ֮ҲúеҪĵҪĻҪôӴܹ쵽
ʽһ⣬˸ѣ˵׼վ߲㽫ƺϼˣ˵ҵʵңʵʲô¶
ʵϣ͹Ҳֻǵ˲ѣһ׶ΣƲڳǱȽϴģ͹Ҳ׬Ǯ١
ֻΪڱ˹ȥʽԭĸ˹͹׷׶ԭվĸҲ˹ʾгԴͷ԰ڵĹʾ̣ܵ˺ܴĳ͹Ҳ⣬ԲŻһټҶҪԭ˵飬Ҳ֪֪ˣиԲߡ
ʱ֮ڣ⣬ΪԭܴܵӰˡүӷǾίʵʸˣԴȻΪĵġ
Ϊ󲿷ֵľ棬ǷˣʾгܵԭĳȻԾɲӰ졣
¾ֹˣܵӰ죬ֶҲзݶġ
⻰û˵˵ϾҶףûҶ÷ҲҪģǲɱ飬Թ޲
ˣȻˣҲûа취顣ŽǾͱʾԭ⵱УҲвٺö֪СҶͬ־Ƿаո㵽֣
ЩǿԸ㵽ģҪṩһȽϸ嵥ӦĹԤ㡣Ҷ̾ͻӦЩԭվ߼죬ĶϣֻԪҪǸ㹻ԪҹǱͧû
ǺǣûôŰɣŽͬ־Цʵ
ࡣҶͷ϶Ȼƺʲô˵ˣ˵飬Һˣϴλ쵼˵Ҹɽһ·͸Ҹɲţҵ·ҲˣŵӦö˰ɣ
¶𣿡Žͬ־ˣʱһ㶣治֪顣
СҶͷ
˵УһЩ˵¶ģ˵Ŀͼںͬ־ϣ˵Ϻ㵱˵⻰ڿôɣ
ͬ־ûдأԱ߶Эϯͱʾ˲ͬ˵СҶɽĳ·Ȼˣǵֳģ̰֮ܲΪУӲ˵ݶİɣ
̾˸˵ΪҶͬ־еˡ
Ҷʾ˲ô԰ɽǵطģʲôʱΪʲôƫƫȵȥʥ壬ͷ˵𣿡
ɨ£ȥꡭ˰и̵ֻ⻰ҲܽҶλҪƴġ
ɺЭϯȻش
Ҹմȫ˳ȥ߶ͿʼҲɺ𣿡Ҷͱ˵ϯ׷ʵ
̬̾˺ܶ˵Ĳ˵һСëӣƾʲôôţвһ쵼ˣʲôΪأ飬ҲӦ
ȻϯЩһѵɺѵ˵СҶͬ־ܹƵ𲻳ɣ
ûҶһĵϯȻһӾͲµص㣡
ʲôϯ֮ЩˣôҪȻ˵ҲԼɵģôûмʶҶˣ¾ҡҡͷСҶСҶ㻹ô˵
λˣҲǷ׷ҡͷ˵С˵û߶ûضͱ¶Լıˣţǲ˰Ҳñһѽܻ𳵣ôŷ
˵ľȻɻ߲мĿУҶһָԼıӣԺرʾû¶ҲҸɵģ


257 Ҷƹ
˵ľȻɻ߲мĿУҶһָԼıӣԺرʾû¶ҲҸɵģ
ôܣϯ̱ʾɣССͣ˵Ҫעִ磬Ȼ˵ͬ־ӦˣҪ޺·͸ɸɣǵɵĺܲڿǷΧ֮ڰɣ
һ仰˵ΪҶ̰֮ΪУǸġ
Ҷ̾˷ԣϯҼǵӦɣ񷽺ͬ־Ҳʾͬġ
ҲǺϯҡͷʾԼԴһ֪
ͬ־ڵڵӰ컹ǺܴģΪ¼һĸӰ죬ǱϾڻкܶӵĻġ
ϯȻԷͬ־ĻʾɣôȻΪʸ֮ģ϶ǲȥġ
ԣڴ¾ѡԵرʾ˲˽⡣
ȻϯôǲҪˡҶ˵һҲûиĴӣ̫˼˵ûеûзȨϣϯǸ˵ĸɲɲõ⡣
㡭ߡ꿴Ҷһۣ϶ҲԼӣͿԱ߶ŵҶүһۣǬͬ־˸ӡ
ͬ־ҲôΪǺǣ԰ɡҶү΢΢һЦȫˡ
ôһҪϯͷˣҶʵСҶͬ־˵¶ɵģʲô˼Ȼ˵ͬ־Ӧˣͬ־Ҳͬˣɲһ³̵ģôܾġ
ҶûлشʻȾһĴ
١ҶôһȾ˲٣ֻҲûа취˵ҶʲôϾ¶ǣ˺ͬ־ͷͬ־û׼ı󣬻ֻ֧֣˵ðɣôʲô֤ݱ·Ǹйϵأ
Ҷȵľ仰һֵóϸ֤ݣⳡɵģô·㵽ͷˣ͸ˣ
ʱΪ֮Ҳ֪ҶүôģȻֻ棬͹ȻҪְ˸еΪˣɵ򽭳ͬ־˿˼˵ϴ㿴Σ
ͬ־Ը̬ģʱţֲܲʾһֵǾ͵ͷ˵ʱϵش֤ȷ䣬Ӧ˵飬Ҫֵġ
лǣҶһʱüЦˡ
Ҽˣ׷ЦȻҶһݣѾˡ
ô˵춼ûаǿҶӵһ֣ܹϯҼݶͲһܹ߱ģ˵Ҷд͵ģ˭ô
ͻȻлʲôҲ˵һ乫𣿡ͬ־ҲһЦõı飬һȻǺ⣬Ե޹ʣҪһְλ˸ոʮҶ˵һ֣Ҳ̫
ԣ¶Ҫ˲еġ
˭֪Ҷл֮̾óԼ֤λ岮үǣṩ֤ݣԱһֲ߻ģҿԿеʱ򣬿Ҫ˵ġԲԣҪСҶǵΪ˲źá
٣С࡭
ҿأʲô֤ݣ
һ治ˣҲܿƲɣ
ȿ˵
˵ıȻͬǴҶҶṩν֤ݡֳ˼Ȥ
Ҷ㽫Լϣ˷ַܹõһݶȻгίһһݶ
дúؼĵطͼҪģ滹һЩƬϣ˿֮󣬶ʱҶΪʲôڿ˵һԼˡ
Ƭ棬ҶпյɽԼʱҶըɽڶڣǽЩɽ֮У˶ʱصľͷ
ͼǻɽĵʽṹԼҶ˵ɽṹ֧ŵ㣬ҶЩ֧ŵϼװ˱ըװãԲŽɽըһֲС𣬴һɽͨ·
֮˾ѾţһȷʵҶģΪʲôǰųʥ壬žͷ˵¶ȷʵûа취͵ġ
ɽпյģʲôըҩܰɽըأһǳؼ⡣
ǰôըҩôܰ쵽
Ҳ׷׷ɣʾҶ˵
ҶԴ˵΢΢һЦ˵ըҩ𣿡
⡭˶ʱһ㶣ѵ𣿡
Ҷ̾͸һΣʱƼķչ죬ǰѾ伫ĵز⼸䣬ʵǰؽĵ
ˣʱһ㶡
Σɣôֶϯ̱ʾ˲Ρ
ʲôҶһټֵı飬ϯһ۵ЩڱܵУǰǱ߶ҲһЩӣڿ˸ڲ£һЩ鱨ԱҲ֪һЩ顣
û¶ȥǰ£鱨Աʲô˱ʾɡ
£Ҫǰ⣬ûпɿ鱨֧֣ʲô飿Ҷһټֵı顣
ˣ˵¶Ҷүӿһƺӣһ˾̾ҶүӶĳЩ˵ڵʱʾˡ
˶ʱĬŽ¶ԲҶҳ֣ҪΪŪһ״ӦǲӦأ
˵ʵڵģһȷʵʲôӦҶôѧָδأҶʮѣԿ
ݿ˸񲪵鱨Ա˵ǰһЩĿоϣѾȥͻԽչ˵˵ʬ˰еԼǿеǴ˵еĽʬⶫʵʴڵģһһЩ©ǰװʦŽʧصĽʬӡҶһ˵ˡ
ӵĴǣʱˣӸλйעģ֮ſڽ࣬ϻ顣
ҶһԼĿѾﵽ˵һЩһЩܲζλ쵼ȤȥĿģ𶯰
ôһ˵ܶ˾Ϳ˶үӡ
үֻõ˵ͷ»ܣһЩ֪ΪãȤԿһݡ
үҲͬ˴֮󣬴Ҳ֪¶Ҷ߳ģɵ÷׷û뵽ǰĿȻǿ˶ܹ
ǰ˸ĸ߿Ƽ֮һѡҶû˵ܹṩϾЩˣΪ潭ɽƶһԣ֮·Ҳǻ˴ǮŸֶġҪˣ͵û˵ˡ
١ˣһ죬˵ҶҵǵˣһҲӰ
ȻֵĻ棬Ϳʼƹˣ


258 ҪҪԣ
Ҷ֣Ҷҵˣȴ㴬һĵı鶼ûУƺ̸۵ĲԼӡֶӡһ㡣
ҶүһĵҪҶܰЩǸҵʲôز
ҶƽǾЩ𶯣֪Ҷǰײ˶ٷʣȻʲôˣһܻǮ
ڶүӣаЦҶǻߣʽ˵Ҫ˵ǵָ¹Ϊ
ǰЩ˵УȻȨλߣ֪ôŪĻûмҶӲ˵ЩǵҲûа취ֱ棬ҲֻýҶ˵
Ҷ˸ߵҪ٣үӾò޲ס
Ͼ˵ֲҶԼҪģҶϵ飬ȻҪҪһ˵ģ˵Ҷ̫ˣ
ƽͬ־ôͬ־ʵ
ôʣҲеģҶƽ֮еǳᣬҶĸףҲǺܺ顣
˵Ҷƽòôͺðöˡ
ҶүӺȻ˲豭ûкȵӣصؽӶڲ輸棬˺̶ܴ
ҶƽүһۣˮȻǶԽͬ־ⲻˣǾ˵¶Ҳ֪飬Ͳˡ
ƮƮһ仰Ͱԭ˻ȥ
һҶҵļλҪ飬˵ķͷƵģѾҶܲõرҶҪ˭Ҫ谭ҶӵϽ֮·ˡ
ȻҶҶҵĺ;һ飬ͻȻôһûᣬҶôܷŹ
Ǵͬ˴£ҶҲ˵ʲôҲǳһݶ飬ͼӲҪ˴£ôҲҪҶҵķŭ
ȥδӣԼȥɡ
ͨڣĳЩ˲ɵýĿ⿴ʼٸߺͬ־˵ոλǳ飬廹ϵˣ¶ԼŰɣ
һã⸱ҪеεģҳԣҲ˵Ȼ˵˳ҪΪԼ˵Ļ𵽵׵ġ
Ȼͬ־ͽĿת˺ͬ־ͬ־֪ߣ˵˵ɣ
ҶɵаЦ¶Ǻͬ־˵ģֻû뵽ҶܹɶѣӦҲǱȽͷ۵ģ֪ӦôӦҶҵӲܲǣԼҲܲ˼˵ȥĻȻҪεġ
ͬ־ҲǺܷϾͬ־ҲܹӰһˣټҶҵĵϵܹӰһˣԺͬ־ҲнԼеλ뷨
ȻòƶڴǳַģĻ̫󿴲ӳî
ͬ־̬ҲģϾһ֣ı̬ҪײֳԼ
ڿԴ³ַģӦ׵ϯˡ
飬Ҹ˾Ӧùġͬ־Ҳʡ͵ĵƣȻƤߵҶˣǻӦص˵뷨СҶͬ־ô룿
˶ʱΪ֮Ȼ˵¶ôƻȥˣ
ɴҶľҲǲģܹ˵Ը񾿾Ρ
Ҷǫһ£¶ȻͲ֮˭Ҳ˵ʲôҶӲҪλãôҲܹҵĽڣ˴¡
֮ܶͬ־һжǺܹõģνǽɹ˿أ˵ĴȻһЩҲǶҶʺӦĿ죬Ӧʲôģǰ˸Ҷ
˵ַϵ
Ҷˣﲻ֪˵˼һ˵Ǹ׶һƣ֪Ⱦ֪ܶĻԶЩίίԱгίǣ˿·磬ҲûʲôǵľηоеĸˣЩӵġ
ΪټӪͰһҶҵɽҶֻ棬ûһѹֵĸоǳ˶־
ţӮһֵĻӦûгɾ͸аɣ
Ȼ˵ôҲһˡҶŲæ˵ҵȻҲһ̰ģ޷Ǿ̫˵ʲôأЩҪµˣʲô
һʱּӶ˵㻹ǲȻ֪Լᣬܻõְλֺα˵أⲻôҵĽ
Щ飬һڵ̨֮󣬾Ͳûתˡ
֮ǰҶҿԶѡ㣬ڹˣͲòʵˡ
˵Ҷôһ˵֮ϯ˵ǰСҶԼҲʶˣʮʵѧϰͣؾƮͷҿ˾òʣķչҲʵҶڹĳɳеʱѹһѹҲǻ¡
˼ǺȷģҶ֮ڣڴµ벻ͨôһʮǲǳô
ϯ벻Ҫϱ˵ķԣҲҪҵĻȡ塣ҶЩضϯ˵ǳƣ˵ĻȨ˵һ
ϯ⻰ʱһ죬뷢뵽ԼһëͷСӼҵ쭣ʲôʿԣǾͺһ˵ˣȴǱúܣ˵Ҷôôһ̥
Ҷһ˵ı飬Ȼξ࣬һ㣬˵ֻΪɽϰգʵ¶ѣû뵽ٷƣҸղŽƾʥ壬ܵĳЩ˵ѹԲòȡֶΣΪϰմһͨ
Ŷһ㶣˵顣
һ룬ʡʡʡίǶѧԺɣҶǲһϵģҾ˵ʡնҶƽҲйڣҲͽ˵
ֺԼ˼ɣҶ˵ȻֽҹʻôҾ͵ð˵йͣйǲԵġԣ֮ңôͬ־ŵʵλϣҲΪϰĹס
һ˵ĴȻ˵Ķ棬;ЩԴˡ
㡭áϯˣЩˡ
Ȼ֪ҺܺáҶ˵һҲ̰ڶҿ£Ѿίˡ
ίԲҲеȥˣ˵СǹģҪǸһѴҶˣ
ǲСҶ̷񶨵ίҪҲҪίľϰգЩ̤̤ʵʵµĸɲˣ
СҶ⻰Ҳͬǵ̤̤ʵʵµĸɲǻˣ̱ʾ˲ҪìתƵҵϣͬ顣
ãȻ˵ҲˡҶһתĸɲʮ˳Ǿмܹʤεģмǲ̰ģмǿµģҪҪԣ


259 ر鰸ͨ
ҪҪԣ
仰ɱʵ̫ˣ
ӵĴǣʱһ˵ˡ
ʵ⻰ûа취Ӳ˭˭ù
νˣ٣ŷŴһĸԱϣҲһѵȱ
Ҷ仰ˣ˶˵
Ǻˣ˲ɵӣȻܹµõҶ°仰ҪǸԣҾܰµʮʱǲǻô̸ʲô̫ƨ
һô˵Ҿɵڷƨ˵⻰ҶҶҵΨһӰˣҼ쵼ˣзͬ־ͣԼͬ־Ŀأ˾ֻʮ꣬ҲܰĻСӺܹȷں˵жأ
Ҳ˵ԼϵĸɲУˮȻб¾ͰԿҶܸܲë
ΪһԼʮһʵǻҲȥҶϾ
Ϊ̫ǾԲðģ
˵ЩҶͣ˸еԶԸˣòİѱΪҶ󣬹ٳ˵ЩëûйϵЩվһǳλϣ޴Ӵ
ҶһϵжУֳǿҲ˸еԾȫͲһʮĺܹ쵽ģ쵽ˣ
ҶһĴڣ˵УһЩΪãʡõʱŪʲô˵ǵԼһ鷳Ǿ͵òʧˡ
ϾǰҶŹԲõĶʷġ
ϳ¼ңϷңµһЩɽΪҶԸűʰһͿأ֮£һĵûʣ¡
ǰ֮
ȻˣҪһ㣬Ƿͬ־ͳͬ־λȻΪҶ˵ͺͷʹˡ
λڹ̳ϵӰʵ̫ˣλǳ˵£ڸԶС̣ôˣҪǸҹȻǵ־ҲҪһ£ԼǷܹĽ
ҶҶûʲôˣҿ¶ô˰ɡҶ˶ˣЦ˵
ͬ־ʱЦˣ⻰ӦԼ˵ģû뵽ҶȻԽ޴ˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôϾղŴҶ˵㻹ܲ˼Ҷ˵ˣȻ˼Ҷ˵ˣǴҲͲװˣʡƽױЦ
ǽͬ־ҶүҶϣ㿴飿
ɣ̫ˡҶүӳ˵Ͼ·ĵȻˣվûиֳˣ˻ҪһΪãСС;ŪЩ׵ˡ
ôһ˵˶ʱͿʼˣԭҲûҶүӻṫ̬֧ԼλȻô֧ˣŪñ˲Ӧˣѵٳһ
˻û˵أҶȾͱʾ˲˵ͬ־Ҳ׿˵ģһˮĸѼô˼ҽ
١һ߶ֵˣʱ
ҶүүҶǬʵ̧˷ͬ־ѹˣҶүѾһǱ˵ĵĻǾ治ˣǲҶүӣͬʱҲǲͬ־ӣ
ֺõ飬ûжԸȥ
ͬ־ȥ˵Ҷү˵ϣͲҪˡ
ҶҪ룬֮ͺ˵ˣˣ;ҶүӽҲеǵ˰
Ǿ͸ɡͬ־һ£ھˡ
ʮĸȻȽ׶Ǻذһ£ҲǿԽܵģֱܱһõöࡣ
Ļʮ֮󣬶ʮͷҪ
ǾеʵˣҲͻ˴ҿ̵ĵߡ
ǴҾһ°ɡôˣǽͬ־ͻȻôһ飬ɵ˾еͻȻ
ҪѴҶͬһսϰЩ֮ˡ
ͬȾֱ̬
ҲֵͬǣϯȻҲͬˡ
ͬ⡣
ûɷԡ

תһȦҾȻͬˣȻûһԣҶЩˣû뵽Ľ
˵ֱܻôгģȻûӴ뵽˳شɹʶȷʵ˾棬־Щ˼顣
ҶҵˣѡһַʽӦԡ
ΪֱϵǼȨˡҶү˵
ϯƲƲ죬˵ҶҲװģڴҶͬˣǷҪһ̬ȣԵԼȽһЩǽô룬Ҫಲ˰ɣ
ȻˣȨ㣬ʣµȫֻͬĹŽͬ־һͷҶͬ־Ϊɲر鰸ʽͨһ֮ʵɡ
Žͬ־ĻһڣһȺע
üλЩؿŹŽͬ־仰˵еƫˣһر֣ע鰸ԣϼصУҲԵرͬѰϾֻϾģȨϿɡ
˭ҪԴɵĻƲȥľʮ
һǹŽͬ־һʱƣһʵ
Ҳ˵ģͬǰĹԱʲô֮һҶȻͷˣҪʽһʵλãҲô׵ģйطһ£˵ûкʵλãӲҲпܵġ
ڹŽͬ־Ǵǵݽ仰εоͶĳЩ˵Ҫⷽ涯Խǲˡ
Ϊ仰˾ͲɵöԹŽͬ־ۣ˵λһĽӰˣôҲҶˣ¶еŹְ
ŽǵݱϾ⣬Ϊ˱֤һӰ˵ĵλҡڸ߲֮Ӧǵ͵ΪܵزϵļҶǳ
ǽΪҶ飬ŽǾȻ۵ʱϣ˵ݣҶһѣ˾Щˣ˵ˣҶҵļλҲЩ졣
ŽȻǷͬ־һӰˣǸҶ֮ĹϵҲһѣȻ˵볣ί飬ҶҲҪΪƽ⿼ǣԼԷͬ־ֵ֧Ļر
Ž֧ҶľٶӦһݶȽϴˡ
˵з׷׺Ҳ²⣬˭ҲûпĻʲôֻպᣬܹеʵǲ½ۡ
Ǿɣ鲿Ǳ߶һкʵ¡ͬ־Ѿˣ˸Ҷҡ
Ҷүӵ˵ͷʾл
нͬ־һ׳棬鲿кǰҶĹȷʵǺܸˣ鲿ƷɲҲΪ˶ͷһˡ


260 ˼
ɢ֮˸ظİ칫ҡ
ϯ첽׷ѯʵƣ飬ô
ָʲôǳĻͷĻ֮ȴ˻
ʲôҶ¡ϯ˵
Ҳ֪Ϊˣǲ⣬ֱӾҶ顣
飬Ǻ¶ߺߵΪĸɲڴٽĸ￪ҵӦкô
ϯˣʱƲƲ죬˵ô˵û˼ˡ
ûԼ˼˵ˣʲô˵ģǷΪĸɲҲƸ
ǡϯˣʱЦ
ʵ뷨УٵһЩֻеӡȽ̣е¶ѡ
ҶҵܹƸΣһӾʹʮëҡһ˸ɲôǵӵأǲҲͨӦҪ쵼λأ
Ͼµĺ¶Ҷһ˶˰ɣ
ԶʳʱõģǻųëģԱմԭкôһҪֹȽϺһЩ
ʱӦûʲôûˡֲһ
ϯˣҲ˵ͷһҶŪôе٣ڷʧˣôֵĻһˣ
˵ˣҶҲ̱ģ˵ҶүӸհԶؽҶȥ·ǱųʮľȥģֻҶãȻܹһ𣬰ѳɽͨˡ
ҲҶˣǺͬ־λڵڱȽӰĹԺӰˣǲͬ
ߵԪϷͬ־Ҳ׿˵ģĿꡣ
Ҫһ㣬֮ǰ˵˵ѣ¶˵ģȴҶԼ
ΪҶӵܱȵƣҲ˽ôһȴҪٵĻᣬǽһò⡣
üһõĴǣһλȨأһԾŶĴܲڶһʮëӿտ˵׻ɣ
ܴ̼Ҷңܵ﷽ͬ־ܲͬ־ӣҶǳͬ־ѡŮҲҶջϾһЩ黹ҪҶϣ˵ǰһЩϣҶѾȨ
ʱӢۣ⻰һҲ١ϯ뵽ЩҲɵ̾һ䣬νͨôæҲ˼Ҷãռʱ˺͡
Ҳ˵ͷϯ̣ԼҲе
ʵҶòʲô֤Ҳܷ飬Ҫǿڳͬ־ϣ¶Ҳôٳɡ
Ȼ֮ǰҶҲһЩϵĴ̼ǲûкķԣֻǶŪСѣͬ־֮ĹϵǺġ
ΪĳЩ飬ͬ־һȶ˿ҪõϢ֮ҹȥ˳ͬ־أ˳ͬ־ͦʹͬ־뷨
ڵĶ飬ȻܲܲˣԼڲֳ֧ͬ־Ů˵Լһ
ֻϯҲ֧Ҷ飬ʾһĻ⾿Ϊһأ
룬վûͨԲȥˡ
ٳˣ˭ûһɽˮ͵ʱеʱȻҪȨҲͬɻȱĻʲôݺأ߳ٳ
ɢ֮󣬽ͬ־İ칫棬а츱̷ʤͬͬ־˵
׳ľʹӦҶҵСӳθɲˣ̷ʤЩʵ
ľʵǹͻˣô鷢ֱǶƵļ̤
ţƱǿͬ־ָԼͷᣬ˹˵Щ㲻֪
̷ʤܵ˵ͷϾڻûн֣ܶ鶼ӴԶڸ߲ľҲֻйƶѣͬ־ȻҲһЩǲ㽲ģ̷ʤֻܴӳƶϣ޷ЧԤ⡣
ҶүӺͽͬ־ƶݣ̷ʤа֮󣬿϶ֵܹģʱҲԤ֪µȨڽͬ־ԣҲ൱棬һݰԮ
ҶҵǺǿģǸڱϵ˲òӣǱˮ֮µȻûб¶ͬ־̷ʤ˵ΣڹڵԣѾˣȨԼճ̣Ҳǳһġ
ҶǬͬ־̷֧֣ʤʵ
Ȩ飬϶ǲģҶүôͬ⣿
Ҷϻʶشֵģⷽࡣͬ־ʾ
һ˵ĸ黳ҪȺĸһЩҲҶȻռֵСڽɽ֮ȻܹӴֳάֵƽҪԭ֮һ
ųίƶȣʵǷȨˡ뵽⣬̷ʤҲüͷ
ųίƶȣһЭĲҶҪԼˣôֻݡȨֻôһֵ˶ˣõķݶȻСˡ
Ҳûа취飬峣ίĻǵĻȨСһ㣬ͬ־ҲЩΣһֵģʵЩˡ
˵ͬΪгίļ˵Уһ񣬵̲Ѿȥλܣͬ־ͬ־ӰҲױȣ͸һ߾ϷʱпܶľӰ졣
£ͬ־Ȼ̫ҵһΪ
ľͲ˵ˣֻʱͬ־һȶ˻˼͹ýͬ־еľ
ԵҶұʾԸ֧֮󣬽ͬ־Ƿǳ˵ģĿǰҶҵĴڶά쵼λϵش
һʵҲ㲻ʲôֻҶ̫СˣôҾ治̷ʤ˵
Ҷ̷ʤܵȻҲЩ˵ģϾҶֶӷεо־ְֳҲΪҶԭߵģȻ˵Ӱ첻Ǻܴ󣬵˲ˣҶҲ˳ۡ
ֻû뵽ҶȻҡһ䣬һҹ֮ʹѧ˸ɲˣﵽ˼㡣
뵱꣬ԼӰԱǻ˶أжʮ˰ɡ
˵ûһʣҲǲ͹۵ġ
˵ʵҶΪһȷʵеίˡǽͬ־ͻȻ˵ôһ䣬̷ʤܸеЩͷˡ
ѵ˵Ҷôţ
ǲô˵Ѿͨ˹Ҷͬ־Ϊɲر鰸ͬ־ҲӦˣҪԸ鲿Ʒɲк찲Ҷְ⣬¶ôˡ
Σĸ￪ҵҪƶȥģǰ֮ǲܲСİͬ־˵ʱҲид
Ϊһλѧ쵼ɲҲģԶĽ壬дҲ̡
͹Բһ߽⣬һҪʱĴ̤˶


261 ȫûа
㻹ǳȥ֮ҶүӾͶҶ˵
⣬˭֪ͬ־˵Ļպָɳ¡ҶҶүӣҲе˼˵ĸҪײҪǰɣ˵أ
үоҪһʣҶүӣҶƽҶˡ
ʵϣҶүҲ˶á
һ𣬳˺ȲϢҪһ½飬йصĳɰܵʧ
ȫǱڹģǲˡҶƽʾ
ʵϣҶһЩ飬Щģ̫ˣȻˣ⻹˻
ԴˣҶǱʾ޷̣㻹ͣһЩɣǶܲˡ
ҶүȴǺһ㻹ţʲô
ѵǣҶƽһ£оҶүӻлɵƶҶŪĲǵôֻʲôأ
оϣƺûʲôܰһɽըˡ
Ǻ˵Ҷү˵
ԭӵҶƽ֮󣬶ʱһŵòᡣ
ʽ˵ǧ𣬴ȷʵСҶʱҲˣǶȷʵʲôʵʵڵʽ˵
ҶƽһðŷӦĵӿ湻İ
еǣҶθ㵽Щģ
ֵĻѾ˵ˣվ߲ѾõˣֻҪǮʲôܸҶȻ͸¶ԼҵܣУ߶֪˾ôҶҶֱƿ֮µģʲôӣҲûʲôܹ⡣
ʵϣ60ʱ򣬾ʹվʹһЩй˵ϢֻǴû˵ۿ
ӺĽǶȿ˲еСٽֱֵ10.1׵б10.5ǧҪֻҪСڻһСٽֵ˲϶ʽӦº˱ը
ֻҪȡʩʹ˲ϳһֵ10%ͿԲ൱1020ֻɫըҩıը20%ʱԲ൱200ֻɫըҩıը
Ϊ˴ﵽһЧһ㶼ýϸ߼ڱʽҲͨըҩıըмѹٽӶ˱ը
ΪЩִͳԭĺ˵̫С˼ʵĳըҩͻеװãֺǿװڡ
ҶͨУǰ˵СΪ60׳40׿20׺ʮ
70ǰ132˵Ŀǰʮ֪ȥеһ֣Ѿ˿ֲСҶ˵ĶʵǺΣյġһǮʮըɽҲΪƽһˡ
ȫڶ˹ϵһУһֱǴڶ˹鱨ŵ֮ܿ£ûʽװӡ
Щ˵ĿģҪڴݻٵ˺شսĿ꣬ÿһʽ˵Լ1000ֵĵܹԲ600800׷ΧڵĵΪƽأ˵ܴ
ֶ̫ˡҶƽ֮ɫҲǺܲÿ
ص⣬֮ԭĺǷִʧͷʹġҶүһѪָص㡣
Ҳصģԭĺ˰ťӦѾȫƽ˶˹ͳҶСҶͶҶүӺҶƽ˵
һЩҶүӵͷٲдĺʧĻ鷳͸ˡ
ʵϣ˹˵ĺ˰ťƶȣǱȽϰȫġ
۶˹ͳߵܻһλľɫƤ档
ӱνĺ˰ťʵ˰ťһܷ˹ͨѶ豸
˹ͳȷʹսԺ˵й򷴻ʱͳӰľٻὫЯĺ˰ť佻ͳ
˹ĺ˰ť10ס10зͿŹܣԶװãʱ룬˰ťͻԶʧЧ
˰ť乲3ֱֻͳͲıܳƹܡ
˹ʱҪ3ťͬʱ£һֻͳ͹˲͹ˡȡ˫غ˰ťƶȣÿһ룬ֻе׼ȷƴһ𼶴˵շȥ
ͳ͹ȡԺ˰ťڵͬʱ͵ܲսòͨѶǻһ룬ͨͨѶƵʣݸӵսԺ̶ֲָеսֵĲӣ󴫴ﵽÿ̨ءǱͧսԺըȡ
ָӹյ˵ָԼܵк˶ԡÿָӹټ丱ָһ룬Ϻͳ˧գ֤ʵȡֱϵԿףװá
˵Կ׿׵λҲǾرƵģ3Զȷһ˲ͬʱԿײ˵Կ׿ڡ
ֺ˰ťƵģִͺĹģʽ˵ʹ޼ʵΪеĹģʽԹϱȽء
ʽ˵Ͳͬˣʹ̫ˣǧּĵԽͷõҪĿΪƽء
µǣⶫһ˾ܹǳ㡣
˵ըҶǼʶģʮֻʽ˵ıըһɽ׻ٵˣͨһͨ·ҪڳбըĻ˼޹ƽ
ֶȷʵںܴвпܵĻҪԼ档ҶүҶһҪ
ǡҶû˵ʲôֱӴӦ
Ҷʮֻʽ˵ͻǧ֮ޣǽʣʽ˵ҲеĻǵûǮôҲǣ
Ҷҵ˶ԷһԹĻû׼óһҲܰѶԷˡ
ʮĸҲ԰ˣǮҲӦõġҶүӿҶһۣ˵
ⲻǻһǮҶ뷴ȥģתһ룬ôǿԼУʵҲǲģ͵Ǵɡ
û׼ԼõõأڻһȥȻоеۣδֵռ仹Ƿǳġ
뵽Ÿʮģһһֻ䣬ƶ˿ġ
ΪʷԭɵǰĻңܳóȥһؽ֮ĿҲ޷ˡ
뵽Ҷ̾͸˸绰ȥϵУ
ˡҶƽӦˣͻȻһǳҪڽɽըɽ᲻˷
ôҶ֮󣬶ʱסˡ
˷⣬ᷢ
Ҷ棬ҲǺõ׼ء
˵ǧּĺ˱ɽ֮·ģֱըųĿԣǷǳǳСģҲܹųڻӰһҲûС
飬ʵһ¶ʵʵһ¶
ɺεȽҪʹߵƷˡ
ûյݱ֮ǰҶ⣬һնûС


262 ƻ
ӦòɡҶЩɵ˵Ч͸º࣬ûиֱӽӴ΢䣬Ҳˡ
һ˵ڹڹк飬Ƿڵ½ˡ
ӷʽƽʽʽڲõʽºһЩһڻʵصĵ£һһʮȵңȻƷŽȥٷּ豸
º˱֮ȾˮĻȾĳ̶ǿԽܵģԵк䣬ҲųĲ
Ҷһõʮֻʽ˵ܵҲTNTըҩӣֹģĺ˱ڻӰӦ˵ǽСģǻɽ֮¡
ȫһʼˡҶүӶҶ˵¶үүȥ
Ҷˣȴҡҡͷô鷳øǸһ·ǿⶫҪţǡ
Ҷүӵ˵ͷҲãעⱣܡ
ըɽȻѾŪȥˣⲻϢй¶ȥҶĶ죬Ҳòʲô֤֤õĲǵʽ˵ֻҪȷرϵķ¶ǽҹȥˡ
仰˵ڼǵر䳬꣬ҲȷҶǶ˺˵Ͼɷ䳬ȻҲǺܶġ
еŶҶ˽ֻ龰Ͳɵ˵һ䡣
տʼʱ򣬴ҶҶۻܶ࣬ƺһЩ˱ʾ˷ԣڱʱȴ˴۾ϯķɣҲֱʾͬ⡣
Ҷҵλ쵼Ϊ˱ӶȨ֮⣬һرʾͬͷԡ
ҶʴҲûиԵɡ
ǣܶණһʱ֮俴ҲġҶүЦ˵
ڸ߲棬ȻϵͬͬһһܹصߵģǾڶڽӰ˵棬治̫ڳڵϣȻˣһýʱǱͲˡ
Ҳ˵£ڣϽʱ򣬾ҪᣬҪ˵ı¾ˡҶү˵
Ҷ֮ŵ˵ͷ˵ԭˡ
˵ҲΪ̫ˣء
ôĺôҲǺԵģ嶼ԼҪļ̳ˣҵͬģڻķչиİ취ӰҲԲҪȥصעһ򸱲ɵʱ򣬸ìܾͻֳˣĸѹҲ᲻ڶ
ͦùȥȥͦȥǰĲӾˡ
ôĳ㣬ǱΪѡŵĿ꣬ϾӵܣܻҲˣûʲô汾£㻹ҪӲ߼ɲĺ󱸶ƣʵûʲôôġ
ٳͬһˣҪŸָӵսǶȻղأ֣֮ôģԸҲͬһ㣬ǳʺڹٳչӵܣŻƽȥĻ̾ˣʡζаý
һǾͲһ£ҶǾе˵ȥ
Ȼ˵Ҳڴҵ֪Χ֮ڵ飬Ҷʵһ⣬˷ҲǺģûзԵǲġ
ҶүӶʱЦ쵼ɲǰй淶һ֮ھҪʽˣڹ۶ϣҿ϶ԼӵܸƳĻᣬҲ
ŶӰһӣҶˡ
ǲǲΪԼҲⷽ˵Ҷ鷳ôүӿ϶ҪģǵӵҲҪεʱҶүӻ᲻Ҳóгίļһ񶨵أ
ΪˣϯȻһʼʱ򣬶Ҷʾ˷ԣڱʱȴͶ޳ƱΪҲ˵һ飬ҶԴ˱ʾ飬Ϊ˹ͬ棬űӽҶǨ
ܹͬ־ĶݣȻ˼֡ҶүӶҶ˵ͬ־ΪǷһ飬ôȫΪ˻顣
ʲô飿ҶЩʵ
ҵһӵܣڴУζҪٽǾ;ίͬ⣬ԷǳżҸүү˵㶨顣Ҷү˵ݶ˵󲻴˵ССһֱ棬Գһ飬ΪһȴͶ޳Ʊǻ顣
Ҷˣ˵ͷҶھȷʵܹȵϵģν飬ίϱôǽͬ־Ҳùʵģܲôҿίһ׳һҪƼ飬ҪԼɣ
ôĻҲԵίһ׳е̫̹ˡ
ȷڸ߲ԣҲǱȽҪģҪһصģҲҪϸɵ۶ûа취ҲֻҶҵϣҶүӸӣ顣
ĻҶְˡ
ͣȷʵеŪҶү뵽Ҷվҡҡͷ
ҪһͨеĸгˣҶڵȷʵѰ壬Ȼ˵ϲ֪Ҷıºܴ󣬿ͻȻһʮĸгͬ־ǻ˵ʲôأ
ȻôҲǲ׵ģҶүҲܺ棬ͬ־β
ʵͷ۵ģӦ鲿ƷɲɣҶƽЦ
鲿ƷɲҲǹίԱģֻһοʱ򣬲ھǣӽͬ־нӹ֮Ҳ֡
¶ȥ󻹵ûǼҵܹĶҶ˵
Ҷԣʱ鲿ƷɲΪ˽ͬ־񷢳
飬ֿôܹȫƱͨˣŽͬ־ļЩŵ˵
ҶΪɲ鲿Ʒͬ־鴦
ļȻܼ򵥣شƷɸеԴͬ־ʲô˼أҶʲôأЩ˵
ߣͬ־ҲΪ̽һԼԲŽôһɽ˹ҪƷɵĵΡ
¶첻ãĿܲҶңнͬ־ء
ôôҶеأƷţ;¶ҪȸҶҹ֮ͨ󣬲һԤǲôġ
ֱҶүӣƺҲ׵Ʒɾ뵽ҶƽԼͬ˵Ҳ㣬ǾͰѵ绰Ҷƽƽͬ־ãƷɣеҪҶһ¡ţ㿴飬Ӧôźأ
ȻͬҶԣ¶һȦƻˡ


263 Լ
飬ΪҳģÿڰɣҶƽһԱ߶ĶҶЦŶԵ绰еƷ˵ִ鲿ôѵõ
Ʒִ鲿ѾˣΪƹ¹ԱĹñӵ鲿ʵȨǺܴ󣬵ȴڽִзžصӰ
Ĳ˵鲿δؾֱĲֽţýĽˣε޷ΣȴǺ׵顣
ڸɲ棬鲿޿ģǵҲʹ֯Ȩģ쵼ˣҲ÷񶨡
ΪˣƷɵĵλҲǷǳҪģһίԱУء
ˣڴҶְϣǾЩţϾ¶ǸĿнͬ־İţͬʱҪҶһ˵ĸܣѰ찡
Ҫһ㣬ҶʹʮģҲͲôˡ
ʵʮˣҪεɲλϣ¶Ҫôأ
Ʒɲ֯ôľҲû飬ڵĸУҲǺģΪǸʱ֯ѾˣǲΪġ
ԶҶƽѣƷɾͱʾ˲ܽܣƽϵܣ޽УŪҲ֪ôˣΪҶͬ־ļҳܵøԵɣǲ㣬ôҶӦЩġ޴ְһҶòġ
ҶƽˣϾ¶ȷʵô鲿ĹȻȵطҪһЩ漰쵼ӵܵʱһǳͷۣʵչˣһ߶ȵ⡣
ҶĸȻֻͨͨˣǰһʲôְ񣬾ͺ˵ˣؼеĳгһĿίǺǶǸģʡĸܲҶôһʮȥɣ
һ仰˵ǰҶŵλϣҲδؾܹɵ˳
ǾͺһѰ棬ͻȻһͷ򣬻ᱻȺ֮ģҧĿԼﵽ˰ٷ֮һ١
ҶƽҶְҲһЩǣȴƷ˵˿үӣϣܴүõһЩ
Ҷүû˵ָָֻҶ˼ԣҶԼˡ
Ҷƽֿ˿ҶȻ˵ͷȻгǾͶԵ绰Ʒ˵ɣҶ˵˵Լ뷨Σ
ȻáƷˣʱһ㶣̾˵ȡ˵ǵĹҲǺкôġ
ҶƽǺһЦѵ绰Ҷ
ãҶҶӹ绰ֱӾ׿˽
ǺǣСáƷˣʱЦ˵ͷʹˣڹ飬ʲô뷨˵
ʵ滹ǾЩֵģҶ飬ʵдĲ٣Ǵ˵Ǿеһӵܣа裬һԲϾͰ˴ӵۺֲӳȥ
ǰһӣоҶ˴ֽӳȥ飬Ϊ¶а츱̷ʤܼεо־ֳλöˡ
Ʒɾ;ãҶȻһԣҶеʧˮ׼Ȼ˵ᣬٲ£ҶҵĵӦһЩģôȷʵӦá
û뵽ٲµҶȻֵͨĻ飬˸ĸɲʵȱϯίԱеԾ飬Ҷʲô춯صĴ£Ȼ˺صĴأ
һ˽⣬һ˵ҶȻ죬Ӳؽɽըһζͨ˳ɽĵ·ѹֺͬ־һ˵ͬ־ӦøһλҲΪ
ˣƷȻСġ
ֻ⣬ȷʵе˵̺̣ôҶһְֲķǺѰ졣
˸Ҷ绰̸ĻᣬƷҲ֪ҶԼʲôȽϺ뷨⣿
Ϊ˲̫鷳ҾһǴڽΪáҶ˵
Ŷ˵˵Ʒʵ
ΪҶҵ뷨ӦǽҶֱӵһĸɲһһȻıŵĻᣬҶôһ˵ƺԼԸĳ·ߡ
ôڵطϵĻְλ͸ѰˣϾطϵĸλ޵úܣ˵һܲһӣʲôְ
ǿ԰ʥĹģ󣬵ֳһµĿҶĹؼ
ŶƷˣһ±˵취ҲŶ
˲Ҷ⣬ɵöλҶҵӸ߿һЩ
ȥˡͬҡȻͬĸȥλãżԼһȫµĵ̶ҲֲԼˣȻмλ
ҶĽ֮ȷʵǼ˴Ӽ嵽˵棬ȲƷ̫鷳ֲӰԼĽ˵Ƿǳһ֮
ҪһµĿƺҲ£ЭҲҪһʱ䡣ƷԭѾҶʾͬϸڴϣһЩʡ
µĿ£ԺǱ߶ҲҪͨģҲ֪ô룿֮¶ҪĻҪһʱС
ȻˣôһƷɲɽˣȻǺܸ˵ġ
ʵϣֻҪķܹڽͬ־ͨ¶Ǹûжϵˣ˵ԺǱ߶ͷʹǾǱҪˡ
ӿҶĽ黹ǺܲģҲǽѰ취
˵绰֮ҶͷҶүӺҶƽȻǶҶĽ֮ʾ˼Ȥ
飬гˣҶүʵ
Ȼ˵ģҶͱȽϱȽС©ȻҶڽְķȴҶүӶеЩ
Ҷڵԣ˵ȥȥȥһѾ͵ĵطθɲԲǺʵѡôķڷǸʮŬҲδؾܹõһֵջ辶ҪһЩ
Ҷеץס˸ĹעЧôҶϣ˳µ˴һµĿĽ飬˵˸߲Ҫûиõѡá
ʵ֮ǰҲû⣬ֻһѡҶһǫرʾȻѾʥ˾棬ΪʲôҵǿأʥһµĿ޵УС󣬲Ǹ˵ҵ𣿵ʱҰһǿĿ˵ǰ˭˵ĸɲأ


264 ҶҺæ
˵úãҶүҶļƻܸ˵ɳ֡
ҶļƻҶүӴĵ
Ȼ˵ҶڵĸֻСҪһӿʼڣҲһĹܣҪݶͺܴˡ
ʵǴڵЩ͸ĹԱмܹҶҵ
Ӳؽһǧ˵ĴӣҪһµĿһҪΪĿĴͿ뷨ûж˸ȥ롣
ҶôˣһҪôȥڸ鲿Ʒɲ̸ԼְŵʱҲûʲôرҪֻҪǰʥĸΪѣô򵥵һҪƷɻ㲻ĻҲίԱµһ󲿵Ĳˡ
鲿ĲʵϾ͸ǰְ࣬λӦ˵Ǻţģ涼ܲӡ
µĿȨȻڹԺǱ߶µȴǺͬ־ҶҵĽ飬֧֣ܲһҶ¿ƻܹʵֵĻɽڷҲͿӰӡ
һĹܣһˮ˿ڵƶ¸飬Ժûɲȥ֧֣Ҳûȥԡ
վָ߶ȵ쵼ˣȻǸհԶͨ˲һ˽֮еģ۵㻹ҪڴֵģҪûпؽҲǸλϸɵĳá
ҶƽڶӵҲ˳ֵĿ϶
ô˵㻹Ǽ㽨裬ܺáҶƽʾڻ׳ȻһЩǿһССĴӣϱһµĴͿⱾҲһֺ˸е԰ʱʥڽһΣܶණҪͷͻȻ뿪ĻȻҲûʲô˵ϰǻ¶ʼյģá
Ҷ˵ͷ²ʼյģҵļƻУʥ´Ҫһڣҽһ𾪵ļŲҵ
ôһ˵ҶүӺҶƽܸȤ
˵˵ҪĻܵһȽϵͳķչԤźãͬ־Ҳø㰲¶Ҷүӱʾǹ滮ĺãбͷҲԸ˵仰֧һµ
òˡҶЦ
ҶҲ˵һ䣬ôһ˵Ҿ;ô¹ϵشڻǲ˵Ϊãϵͳһ׷ɣڻʱΪá
Ǻǣѧ׾ˣţҲãԪ˵ɡҶүˣҲΪ裬ЦЦ
ҶһӣԪ˰
һǹ죬ͷβûͣջҲǼģ1991굱УҶʽʮԪͬʱͶ˽Ԫҵ¥УΧ˻촬أͳǱ߶ͶʣҲ൱
ҶŹһ£ԼʱӦͻƶʮԪˡ
˵1991꣬Ҷõ۹𲽵һҪݶһͰˡ
ڹٳⷽ棬ҶջҲǺܷģǧԪʽ˵ըƽһɽͬʱҲΪҶһջ֮ĺ¶ҲʹҶܹ˦ӣٿɫȡɿɣɼΪְλ̵档
质ҲܲˣڵҶֱԽʡʡίʡֱҶƽ϶ͷʡն
ƶͨŷ棬ʲôõĽ飿Ҷүʵ
ƶͨţѾҶҸУΪĿҶҪ²õģҶүӾҪһҶ
ҪɣʱǷ۸߶ûɣӲ豸ͶӦ÷ڵһλ˲ŵҲҪ鿼ǡҶʾһҪΰգӸ߲㵽в㣬öǵ
Ҷ˵ĸ߲в㣬ȻǺ˴ܹ˾ʡֹ˾Լؼзֹ˾ҪˣһЩؼзֹ˾ĸˣЩ˰ҪӦҶҵĵϵС
ôˣǲŪءҶүˣһʱ֮ҲЩ
ҶȻ׷ߣǹٳϵľӶ࣬ӷҲӶ࣬ҵ治࣬ҪƶͨţҪҵ˲ţôĹ˲ȱڣȷʵҶүеͷˡ
ʵҲҶ֧һжүľתɲסһʵֹ˾ȥֻҪܹ˾߶˳ˣֹ˾°¶ѣؼҪнֹǡ˵˲ţǾͺܺýˣƸˡ
ŶǺð졣Ҷү̾š
һһСʱҶүӾ뿪ˡ
ҶƽҲҪȥǱ߶Ҳһѣ벻ˡ
Ȼ˵ί߶ҪһЩΪ٣ÿһǴ£ҶƽȻܳʱھǣĻķԷܶģҲڸɲȶ
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ҶֳһЩ˧֮⣬ҲһЩȵʡ
һ굱еҶƽҲЩп
һ꣬ҶҵӰ춼ǺܴģԭȥҶүӣòһ죬֧Ŵ֣Ҷҵ޵ϳ¼ңЩԸϷңΪҶĹϵ˲ⲻ٣ҶƽԼȴΪӵһʱ֮վ˷˼ϣɹ֣ίǣΪڼҪķ⽮λӰԶ
ԭ𽥰޹ҶңȻֻ˵ڶұǰ貶ĿޱȣҶƽ޷󵽵ġ
簴ԭȵĹ켣չιϷֵ飬ûҶʲôôģھͲͬˣҶڹڹھ÷ӰҲһµĸ߶ȡ
һе򣬶ΪҶĽ֮䣬ҶµĻԻ͡
ҶҲ飬ԸҶƽɫеķչѾ޷赲ˣȡ˿ҪģϰҪӦ÷ڸɲ齨ϣھý赱гֵĸӦֵرעӦⷽ¹ܽص㣬ʹͣڴʽĿļලҪã鷳ĻлΪλĵʯҲܳΪʧĻ¬
Ҷƽ˵ͷҶѾᵽ飬Դµӳ̶ȡ
ⷽһᴦõģίҪһرץһץҲѧϰһЩ飬ȡƯһҶƽԶӵĻӦҲԴµӣʵ۵Ǳ߶𣬾ͺֵѧϰ
Ӷ˵һ̸ͽеҪ
֪֮䣬1991ѾߵļСʱ
ҶԿ͵˻ķɻ֮ŻתҲҪһЩʱ䣬Լ顣
ոջؼңûкһȲ裬е绰˹


265 үҲԽ
ҶؾˣôҲ˵һأ绰洫һŮӵ
ҶһˣС㣬׼Űݷء
ȻϣѾûְǳͬ־ӰȻǳǿ߶ĻɢˣǱ߶̾ͨ籨Ŷˡ
ƭҰɣҴ绰ͻؽˡСȻ¶һζ
˵ҲǣԳСļλò˵׷Ӧ֮ͬһ㣬ʤģͣҲഺ޵еĽ׶ΣӦܱ׷ĿУǸҶȴԵЩơ
ҶȻâ䣬һıױȣǳʱ䶼ڸţΪǰһЩ飬ѾӾǵûʲôҪ飬̤뾩һóС׼δޣеӦ
ǲܵ飡Ҷʸڷϵһ˶ߣҲüһܰأô˵˵߾ߣ
ƭˣСһ˭֪棬ҵʲô
Ұ㵱ʲô⻹ȻǺˣҶЦŻش
Сˣ˵˼Һܲأ˵ģ
Щƫڽһķٯ֣ôһʱҶӹǶ˼֣ðŷӦҲɵЩпλ֮ŮƺؽԼĴˡ
뵽ԼھǴţ˼ˣҶҲеЩǸΣžЩ̾˵İȱ㣬ǲˡһҲ˵ĵʵڻѡ
ʵڻҲУܱȲ˵ǿһЩС֮󣬾ͱʾҲܹǿ
ҵģҵĸΣеķ֮Ҷ˵
ü٣öġڵ绰Ǳ߶Ż״
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ôһ˵ҶʱҲЩûˡ
Ȼǧֶ취ó濪ģǡ鲻רĸ֣϶ǻؿŶϣһһŮϵͶٶĸȥҲöԷе⡣
˵ˣһһŮϵܹ˴ȫģмԶأ
Բ𰡡Ҷ˵
ˣҽ鲻ðɡҡҡͷĴӣӦø˵Щ˲Ļġ
ҶһһʱӣöϾŵ룬Ͷ˵ڹȥ㣬һȥҵĿΣ
ŶѾˡЩԥ
Сûôȥż飬ҲǸһ˵һȥǸǴûй飬Ҷ֮󣬳滹еԥ
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Ϊ㣬Բеġ˵
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СڼңүӺͳҲڼ棬˵л
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ͬ־Ϊ˱ȽϽҶҲЦ黹Ҫ˵һЩʡүΪԼ·
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ҶҶû뵽ӴչҰζУȻֶΪһЩҰҰҰʲôġ
⣬Ҷܲʶͬ־ָָһ⣬Ҷ˵
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үӣеƽˡҶЦ˵ǵǴ⣬Ǿֻܿ۲ˡ
ʱͬһЩ붼벻үƺܺãҲЦŸҶ˵
⵹ġҶҲЦ˵
֮󣬳ɾ˵Сͷܾ֪Ȼͳ˸Ҳֻһˣη
ǽ迪егҲίԱǸʡҶȽȷʵ˵ǲһ
ǳɵʵȨȴǺܴģƿصĽ迪ʽʵȻΪۺģǾӪֶȴΪģҳڽڽӰܴܶҪۣڹڹ϶кܸߵ
֪Ҫôأֻ˵ǽҶѡҶһ߶ǫȻ׼˵ķͷȢ˼ҹŮ
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Ǽô˵ģЩȤʵ
ǼԼҾڽУʥΪ´һе¾ÿҶش
ʧΪһð취֮۾ʱһǸҲǧ˶ѣ񿪷ĻҪǱ߶һЩ˿ڵģʡǱ߶ҪƤˡ
Ǳ߶ȷʵЩ̫ˡүӺȻ˵ôһ䡣
ҶˣɵøеЩ죬˵үҲԽʡķչЩˣĻ˵ôصĻġ
ýʡ쵼֪˳үӵ뷨˯˯ˡ
ҶүӺͳһӣųǸ˼٣뿪˳ңʱһʱ䣬Ѿ쵽ʮһˡ
ڵʱ䣬̫ˡ˵
ڵʱ䣬ھǵҹԣŸոտʼءҶЦŻش


266 ֵܺ
Ҷͳ滹ȥ˵ۺֲ־֮ڱøˡ
һЩ߰ĶܱߵֻΪҹڣȻˣľӵܣ߶ҲԼĹ̶ģֻһҲǶʮλѡ
ΪάЩĴڣλǣÿ궼ҪٶĻԱѡ
ˣЩȻǱ֮͵ضˡ
ھ߶ϵεģҲǵۺֲܹӵһֹʵһϵıͬ
˵ʣʮǹ̶ĿͷʱԵģ֮Щ̶İʵҲ˶٣ǴҪѷɫһЩ
Ҳ˵ڹ̶еĿˣֻҪصۺֲĹأôڰڵİȫ⣬ɵۺֲȫȨġ
ϾȻӾ鲿˳ˣǹϵ绹Ƿǳȹ̵ģټҶĻϰ֧֣һҪǣһ飬Ҳкһѡ
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Щ棬ĹĿõġ
ˣǶѵһ˶˲ܲʾһ°ɣЦ˵
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ҶһֽУ۾۾εˣ
ѩһ۵ŴϷɩɩ˵ӦñһأǱϱһ٣
ںȺƣԾЩε˵ΪʲôǼڶҪˣѩ㣬ǰɲŶ
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үү˵СҪˣҶЩĽ˵û뵽û뵽ҶҼְ֮ðһƥǲõĺˣԺҪˣ
Ȼ˵Ҷڸҵھ߶췹ԣûйٳϵ֧ôɵ¶ҶҵȻںܹãȴҲκһطеͨģϾ棬Ҷ֮⣬вٵĴ壬ͬӵзǳҪӰ
νҫȥҲǸص㿼ǵ顣
ҶҶүӺͶүӵӦмѾֵҶƽĳнӣҶ̳ĺճԤϵҶҫ˿ɵҶԴ˸еǳ˷ܣԼпˡ
ڵ飬˵ҶȴҶͷˮѣҶúٳԴͬʱҲ̳ϵԴ˲ʲôģʮ굱У϶Ҫкܶ壬ΪӦµı仯𽥳ȥġҶȻռȻȴҲ沨ʮĴƴϵҶδʮСϵĵӺذ
㵣ҪǵĻҹƾû˵ˣҶҶȴһֽäĿΡ
̫ˡҶЦ˵
Ǳ߶ѩҲֹ˵顣
СǼСǺܲġѩԳ˵Ͳ󣬿¶·Ҫ׶ˡкӣҲһëǺзȥɧ˼ңҲŮԼ
ʲô취ôܹܵס⻰֮ɫ˵Ҹϵ飬ֲǿģ
ǵڰɣҿС㻹Ǻ˼ġѩ²ߣͰοƢϲĲŻģǲϲģǶаɣҲܶԴɫġԽҿģС㻹ġ
ϣ˰ɡ潫еĺһ㾡Ȼ


267 ҰٺҲд
ҶҶյһ𣬾ٲҪ̸Ȧ顣
ΪֵܣҶҲܹĵʵ˻ֹ˾ڵķչ⡣
ڵгǺܴģֻҪ¸ø裬׬һͿҶ͵͵һڸѩĳ棬ûע⣬ŶҶС˵ǲ֪˼۶һǧˡ
ô죿ҶˣҲеԾ
˼Ȼ˵ҶŮˣʵϲûֵ֣̫ľٶûзֻҶͦϲõСѾͷҲ䵱ıɡ
ϾȦ죬ûпסıɡͳŲȥ
һΣ̷ʤ̷ֶܵҫϣҶ̷ҫ˻ȥ˼ôħƣ
һ֮ҲˣȦ˶֪˼ҶŮˣûʲô۵˸ˡ
Ҫĸдúãг𡣡Ҷĳ޵
Ȼ˵һΣҶҲҶڻˣ۸Զԭ¹򣬴˷϶¹򣬵Ͼһϸ飬ԵΪֹҶȻǩһЩ򣬵ʵƷûõס
鼱ġҶʾҹƹԭĴҲˣһڣһȽϴıʱֹ˾пΪ
ҶƲǳδ˽⣬Ҳܽ˹ηΧ𽥷֮ȦȻҪһϴķԲжϡ
¶ǱȽǮģ϶Ǯ֧ţҹҶȥˡҶᵽ˲ҵ飬ʹҡͷ
ǱȻģȵջʱ֪ͶһҲ˷ˡҶЦ˵
ˣҶ۲Źأ⼸Ҳ׬˴ǧѣһεͶͻ϶ȥˣҺҶǮ棬ҪȻĻͲҵˡ
ĸһӣ鳪衣
׼˱ѡĿó˵ѡ
Ҷ˷ЩӣȴЩĸпһɫϸ
һϤİ֣ЩΪԭȥĸ֣Ҫ˵ûӦҲǲܡ
ӰʮĩŸ̷̳ӽ콱ԼŹٵ˳̳ѧƾ質ʵʼâ¶ӰӺ»Ҳ̳Ѹٴܺ죬̨һҹڶ귵۷չƾߵ볪ƬưԸ̳γ㶦ľ棬ý֮ΪĴһʱ֮ͷ
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ľ̨к־ӱǣһɸ̨ż쫷磬ҫҲһС磬ֻûǰ丰ձӰȦչɢСӳԱ¡־ӱͷһȱƽĴķͷû󣬳־͸λ˧綼Ȧ辶
ڵĵȦס˼и󣬾ʹ̳伣ҶٻȻΪŮе󣬵ͷôҲȲи֣˼Ҳˡ
Ƚϱи֣аʮƳپƷĳ°ǿ̷ӽŹٵӰ£ûкܴķչռ䣬ʮĴĳ룬ĲŻȴҲõҵ͸Թ㷺ͬ
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ڼ䣬һλܣ87רͻ280ţ¶ĸģҲԵǧŮ
ܻȴسΪ̨̳ĳܳ죬Ӱ
ӰʮߺҲߺʮͷǺܴ󣬱ͯʤһͲ࣬鲮ۢר࣬١
̸ֽʢΪִܶ˾䣬ʱԼҲᳪ켸סӽʮƷ٣ֻȼųƬѡ
ڵҡֵһ˴޽ھʮҲôˡ骡𡢳ȣ˼Ĵƴڴ½̳վ˽ŸûʲôӰ
֮ܶڵظ̳ϣǱ̨ˣԭ٣ҲֵȶԭҲԽ٣ܶΪڵԳͷòԶۣ°װ
ôһյЧΪӸ質ڵظֵԶڸ̨֣ⷽиܹһڶ죬˵ƣڵĲôǵ֮ͺһͿ˵ҲǺ˵ġ
Ҷĳ㲻ˣҲԪϸ˪һˣѹȺۡ
ԭҶǴ⣬ͳһס׺һЦ
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ѩһ߶ֵҿèȶˣʲôôȥǣ˵ŵԾֻûһȦһĻ֣
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ĸһֱȵ賿࣬ҶѩֱӾڵۺסˡ
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ǣðɣ㽲¸ҪȻ˯šȵҲеˣֻǻѣ·΢Щҡˡ
Ҷû취ѳԼİ棬ŵ֮󣬾Ϳʼ˯
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Ҷ˿Ǽֳ֣Сдĸɴ䣬ȻѾתˣ⵹Ҳִ˸绰ȥȷƽң˳Ūһӡ
϶ϵûУҶ֪ʲôط˳üŪ۵Ҷѯʵ
ôܣҶһ۵
һŮӣҲˣǳ治ͬ˵Լʲô뷨ˣǳүһأҲǲùġ
ҶɲԼʦδȱүŶһ֡


268 ж
Ԫ죬Ҳ˺ܶ顣
չҪһЩĵģҲһЩ
үڲμԪ֮󣬷˹̸Ծڸһϵеָʾ
Ϊµľ£ӵķԵΪҪˮƽˣսܲߣһ⣬ʱץ棬ϾӵսǵǰҪصץһ
ͬʱүҲʾάҶᰲǿǾִĻ㣬ָǹԭܶҡӸߣۡ
үӻҪβίίͳһ𣬿ʼص̽衢װҽ䡢񡢾衢ͨšгԼữͶꡢɹȾؾýеҵ¸ΪȷӸм쵼ɲͻظɲϸɡ
ȥ굱зļڸ߲ɲ̰¼үҲһЩΪбҪһδģļ٣־ᶨھڲһСȥ
ڽͬ־ĵԪүӵһԵЩɱˣܶ˶вΨֶүӵĵ䵽ǵͷϡ
Ҷ֮󣬾;Щֲ֪үΪʲôѡʱͻȻҪɱˣĩģҵ˼Ӧö档
Ҷܵ˶үǱ߶̸̸¶˳˵һ˵һЩ顣
ү߶ȴҵ鶼ԵñȽϽţƺǷʲô顣
֮ͨҶͱȥˣ߶үڸ̸һ֮󣬲Ű˽ȥ
ʲôˣô˶һҶЩʵ
үӻشװһıŲǧװȥŸղˣ¶ôҸе޹⡣
ǧ򣬲СĿˡҶ֮󣬾͵˵ͷ
ֻһ飬һ˾ܺڲְڼ䣬ӪḶ́һڣѾˡү˵ѾнΣǳˡ
Ŷһ㰡ҶˣȻֳһ
ԭλ˾ڸܺӪڼ䣬ҪӵӪۿڡصȻʩ裬ʵʲȨܴܺڼ䣬ȫ渺ȫӪĸ칤ͬһʱڣԽסƶΪĵľӷĹҲʼסһʼڲС
Ӵʽոµ÷ĸߣепӿ꣬ڼϲӵͶýͶƶԿɣʱ漰ӻܻԭ򣬲ȡбķʽУں̶ܴϣԲȡ쵼˵ķʽ
ڴȨգͳʽԼһϣ⻹ûвʵʽ
ѹˣ׼һģ˶ˣҶʵ
ģ϶СˣǾҪ׷ˣдȶϾ˿һͲʰˡүüͷشҲڿǵУɱһźǣӡ
Ҷˣûие˿⣬ڸ߲֮Уʹ൱һֵĸܷӣֻЩھڵѾٹ̣β󲻵ûһʵĿ߲ҲԸȥǣϾҪȻףҲǰ첻ģǴ֮ĳһͻ˽ǣͷ۵顣
Ӹܵ⣬Ѿˣѱ⡣үᵽ飬ǰʱ򣬡սʱ򣬾ͳֹһ
깲͹󣬾ũתУи߼ɲѸ࣬һʱڵصֹ䡣1953굽1954ϰ꣬βֱʦϵԱɲΥҼͰУ30%⡣
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ܾ˽֪оڸ쵼ͬ־ѡ飬ұ׼ܸߣҪò㡢̬Щѡ͵Ůͬ־α˻أй쵼ͬ־Ĳ
ǩ籨κо־ֳ֣ԸѡŮĹԱòְ֡
¹ɳ벿ڲӹ԰׷ָΪ
ڣΥΥ͵ıżɲ3ˣɲ12ˣʦɲ205ˡ
괦ЩǾԲģץľץùصľ͹أɱľɱһİġүʱͶҶ˵
ղս߹ľӣǺܾ»ģڣƽʱھ̫ˣҲɢˣȷҪһҪʲô߼ɲ˵˾һѣͷޱȡ
һ¼󣬶ԾɵƻͶӰֱ¶˳1975꣬ͬ־ʼԾӽ١ھίϣؽ˾Ӵڵ⣬һеף1971ȫ1959360򡣶еɢе㽾еݡе衣ү˵ίƶ˾ٴʩȫձ鿪չ١һΥȺڼɵԱ͵λܵʹԲ˺͵λռõطݡؼģίҪˣʱ˵Ҫطͺͽ
ҶͷȻûоǶζӣǴʱҲܹܵһӲ磬ûôĹ˼ɣôʹ˿İģհǰ˺Ρ
ڸĸ￪Ժ󣬾ķѾڷƶȽˣΪΣЧԤܡ
ֽ׶Σгʹٸջ󣬾̰ܻۡΪ࣬19821983׵֮䣬ȫһ174Ҫ漰˽˽лܻߡ̰۵ԡͶթƭǷ̡͵˰©˰⡣
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ҿҪ⣬ΪҪڵһЩȶɣҶԼĹ۵㡣
үˣЦЦԭ򣬶ҲһЩġ
Ȼûаѻ˵ףе˼Ǻģ񻻽ڼھ͸ڰнУ˭ǹӸץԼУԶүҲԼĴɱȻҶе֣ôһֶɡ
ֻҪھڲֵͲѴǵҳḛֻ֮̈һټ漰»ܻ߹Ұȫ֮飬Ҫץͳɱһɱǵ磬ټ򵥲顣


269 ѺϽǱͧ
ү֮ԻɱڣȻеġ
ίĸ׳϶Ҫһģûɲ̬νλıԹԽԽϾ̰⣬үбҪֳԼķ
νã±Ч֮λ߶ûܹʾľֻǵ˫н˵ԼָҲ¶
ںܶʱ򣬷һζİשᶨģ̬ģԱϵһвģԼ۵ģЩ˶صȦķ
ȻˣӳֻҪשȥͺٻҲѪ˵ûʵǷëǣһ
үҪһ˵Դ죬ΪԼڵͷѻҶȻҲֹɣĳЩֻһĸ߼ԣүܹ̬ѾǷǳѵˡ
Ҫ֪ھҲںܴ飬ЩΪڷᶯҡӵĸ
ǶүӾͼΪڸ߲Ҳ뷨Ǻܿµһ飬ĸⶼˣָܹʤ̣
ֻүҲкܶѴΪ֪Ͼһ˶ľѳţԵǺǿҵġ
һεľڷҲСˡү̾˿Ҷ˵ҪŻΪ˳ʰȽϴ棬ҪγɷĳЧƣҪܶĹ
Ҳûа취飬Ͼֱڣûκһңκһκһ֧ӣܹȫ⣬Ҳ⡣ҶԴˣԼȷ뷨Զ˽ģֻǱַʽͬѣϵĹ淶ҪȻҵƶȵķνʱκεطˣٴǮʱ򣬶ᱬǻ
ʵȷʵˣƶϵĹ淶ȻҪүӱʾ
˳һ֮󣬶үӾҶͻȻܹܲΪ˵лɣһʲôʵҪ˵
үү˵һ飬Ҫ̽һ¡ҶԶү˵Щ飬үү˵ʣҲԾУȽ˳һЩ
˵˵ֲˣʲô˵飿ү˵ҲڴģܹҶ֣ص飬Ų̫װ쵽
ȻҶȡһϣȻǷڵģ滹úʻˡܡ֣ȥĿģɵöүӰЦ
򿪴֮󣬶үӾЦ
ǺǣƻôôЦһ֣ԼŪģүӱſЦ̬ȥҶݼƻǿһ֮ˣؽƻ鷭ȥЩطǿ˺ü飬ȻǾеܴһʱ֮Է¡
Ҳк̡ھضͨѨϵڣԲ߰ȫ
ҶԼⶨݡƻУǰһЩսԴвɹĿԡ
ڶүӿġƻһֵУҶҪֽǰڵĻҾ棬ǰġ㡱ǱͧŪһ뷨
㡱Ǳͧûʲôϡ֮ҪģǲȫѺϽĹͺǱͧҲնеģľɫʵĺǱͧǱȡˮºٵȼܷľ޴ƾ̾Ϊֹӡ̣޴߰Ҳǻ˲ڿζġ㡱֮ơ
ǰͶ˹ԺǱͧмӣװĺǱ֮ͧࡢλ֮ͺ֮ӣ
ȫȨʱǱͧΪκ˴ĺģսԺмᣬоصã˲ϧ۵ںǱͧ췽չԵľ
2050ڣΪʱںǱͧ˫ƣǰĺǱͧרҶ辶оʹѺϽ칥ͺǱͧ
ǰרΪǱǹͺǱͧһҪսҪءǱͧӴǱãһǿɼٱǱɻϴ̽ǷֵĿܣѺϽ־еʹԵŵ㣬ʺϽǱͧĲϣǿˮ潢ͧäܿˮ潢ͧǿӻݵĳ֣ӶˮըʱиĻʱ䣬ǱͧˮըеĿܣǿǱͧ׵ķΧԼͨǱĿԡ
⣬ѺϽͧ壬Դͧˮ
ѺϽƸȣǿȴŵ㣬ҸͺˮˣǰһǰδеȫѺϽǱͧ
ǰڽȫѺϽǱͧĹҲɱ˺ܶѣɱ̫⣬Ҳٲά衣ҪǣҪӴǱͧǱȣѹͧѹߵҪ󣬻Ҫг⺣ˮѹǱͧϵͳԼһЩܷĳѹһϵ⡣ѺϽĺҲʩ൱ֵ⡣ںʱöȴĺڵĸΧеãȻͻʹ챾ͺΧֲԲѷ졣
ǰȫ֧£Ա˷ѣѺϽͧĹڵõΪ߱ǱġѺϽ𹥻ͺǱͧƵĵ143ƾ֣ڵĿȸʯƾ֣ѺϽƵλܸšոõѺϽҪҲõ㣬ΪǰȫѺϽ𹥻ͺǱͧ춨˻
1963굽198820䣬ǰ12ȫѺϽ𹥻ͺǱͧ7ҡ1ҡˡ4ҡ
ݼ˹¼أ͡ˡǱֱͧսǱͧˮºٺǱ¼񡣡ǰѺϽǱͧۺõġ
ڶ¼ǰǱͧʷϵĶһΪǡԽʱĺǱͧ
1979괺״η֡ǱͧǱ900׵ʱ֪룬ʱĸﲻһǱ޷ʵʩ
˴ʱǺܳļܲǺȶΪڸ֮ڷˡƣڰĽļվȻܹλŲġǱͧһ˵ЩţҲһ˵ȷ൱
ͬʱĿɿԲߣ¹ʣһ6ҹƵͧ1988걻٣5Ҳڿȫ˳ۣٱ³
ҵļƻһչЩ˳۵ĺǱͧȡչϸļ۸񣬰6ҺǱͧҶԶү˵
𣿡ү֮󣬾Щ˼顣
ϾЩ˵ıǲãҲܽ˵Уôװ׵ر˹͹
ȫпܡҶǷǳ϶ص˵ͷӦ˶үӵ⡣
ΪҶ֮󣬴ҰѺĸ˷ϸǱͧҲ˺üңġ㡱ѺϽǱͧȻȴҲѲ˱ˡ


270 ڶʢ
ڵǰ˹͹ˡҶԶү˵
ʱϢĲԵȣԼڲԣĺܶ飬ڶǲģôӴ鱨Ȼ޷׼ȷƿľ鱨ֻܴһЩƶϡ
˺ܶʱ򣬶еãȻ˼飬ΪʲôôӴĺɫ۹һҹ֮侹ȻȻ
ʮĲƸȥ
ʵϣ80ʱڷһϵ¼Ѿ˹ʽʱŵĹעαﱳ޴ľһλĸǿȤһ¬Ĵɱʼճ̣ܲλ˹ݵ¹ͽڼӦ˶
Ϊ˱жԺͲע¹ͽڼŵעʱٵÿֻмԪ濴һƭ˵Ƥ˾ǣڹʽʱź˻Ĳע£ƿصʽ򱶵
1990ľúͽгѾǷƮҡһΣܻʱڴüǰϦרҺڲߵİ£ںԸ߳м۸񼸱ıȼ˽1 400¬ʱıȼ۸ߴ28¬һ1ԪһߵզĽףΪ1 400¬ֵһǮֵ൱ڿװ׬ȡ50Ԫ
һʽ50ԪڹʽڽʷҲܲ˵һ档Ĵ潻׻ûнƾ׬ȡ50ԪټϺеĸʸܸˣ߸ܸ˵ıԼ100~500Ҳ˵50ԪŴ5 000~25 000Ԫ׶ػƽгŦԼڻгϿʼ޼ɵջƽ
ʼʱƽĶͷڲϼ֣ľʽ̵Ĵѹ£ƽͷױˣۼջƽߴ2 000֡
1991꣬ϿѾǺѹгϸǷণľԱʼջƽʹƽڵԶѩϼ˪
гƽ۸ıھڴõһ֧Ϊ¬ͽĹһӣڴúܿͺȻˡ
ޱǰǰ󣬹ʽڽרҵİרҽĴ۵£ϴ˺޷ĹʲͲƸ
˸еЩ˼飬˹ͳҶյͳҪɳΪ׹ѧҽܸ˹޸ģ˹ȫķĺ涨רɭƶΪѧ˫֮һһλ˹Ĭ˹ֱָ˹Ӧƶ˹Ĳߡ
˹Ѿˣ屾ѾôһȺרҡھӢ߹ʵȡҽϤ£л῵
1991궬Ķ˹Ѿӽ̱ӹҵ񶼱üƶ衰ƽĸǷڲμ199111Ǻƽۻʱòǰ뿪Ϊ˹ҺƽѾû㹻Ǯ֧ڼݵķѡ
ʽʱΪĶͨХ쫷磬ǰʣµܹϺĲƸڶͨ쫷ֵ˲ӣǰ롢޼ҿɹ飬̻һײʿ𾴵Ĵѧڡ˵ҽľ٣׷ϺĽͷͼ۶ۼлԱƷ龰ʮᡣ
Ƕôǿ󡢶ôҫô˾
ǰ70ľ޶ҲƸȥˣǡʲծˣǱڽںĻ½һˣǺߣʵľ޷ʹǰ۵ĲƸĴջЩƸЩơġھ޴ںĻڻµĽǡ
ҶֻһЩûи˶ʱʢ硣ᵽ¶ʱҶźֻûǡʢᡣ
Ҳûа취飬Ͼúļ䣬ȥ׽Ҳû㹻ʽôڽгϸĽڼ
ڡ˹ϣҲڽںĻڻͳĽʱҵ֡ýѳΪЩ˵ĶĿǵеһλ
ʵǽͶרң鱨ֹ֡ĸ߼ԱŪڣͬʱҲɾԼĲƸعƣĸ˲ƸԪϣʲôԪ׸ǿ̫ࡣ
뵽Щ飬ҶЩ̾ϢĸоһʢǴˣǷƵĻỹеģȻǰƵĻûˣôڵĶЩᣬǿԵģȾͰĿʣĸ־Դ
ڵǶԣǰЩöǷǳģȻСС֣ʤޣЩԼľƷôܴ󡣡ҶʾԣҳǮ豸鱨ͼϹǹУôΣ
ûѡĿꣿүӶԴҲǺܸȤģ÷Ȼò࣬Ҷô˵;ƺӣټҶ֮ǰĲһֱǷǳͣһֻ裬ԶүӶҶǺĵġ
棬һǰǱϵĺǱͧŪһǶڽĸ֣ȡҶʾ
Сүˣʱһⶼװ鰡
װ飬Ҳû˼ȥǰɣôҲǸˣûʱȥЩС¶ҶЦŻش
Ȼ֣ҾͰġƻھίʲô鷳;ˣţΪ߼ܣֳԱȨġү֮󣬾˾ģʱһھίһСרж
Ǿ̫ˣҶԴ˸еǳ⡣
Ҷ֮ѡѺϽǱ֣ͧΪļֵܸߡ
ѺϽǱͧȻ߱ǱͧԱĶƣϧʱ˲ãʼδܳΪǰͺǱͧǰ󣬶˹ֹͣ۰ĺǱͧˡ
ԭһ۹ڰǵϼΪĽѺϽļ۸ʮְҲֻѺϽڽ캽
ΪѺϽһǰΪȫѺϽǱֹͧͣѵĳڣڣʹѼ۴
ѺϽļӹѶҲܴͨ촬գ漰촬ʩĸ죬豸Լѵ˵ȣЩɲܴѺϽǱͧԭ
ҲˣһֱûвѺϽǱͧ
ر19634βźǱͧʧ£129ɥ󺣺Թ׷Ǳһֱ£ֱȽϽ̬ȡ
ʵϣֻǰּƻƲϧ۽ȫѺϽǱͧ
սʱڣָ߼۸ܵĺǱͧǰ˵ǿǿܵģڶ˹Խ£ȻǸģҲٽֺǱͧˡ
ҶصѺϽļֵҪѺϽǱͧļԴһļϡ
Ȼûиǰʱʢ磬ڶԴӶʢ磬ǾԲܴˡҶа


271 ̸ʴ
ûи֮ǰĺʱҶǰʱʢ磬ȻЩڻȻ
ȻˣӴĽϵĿǰάת϶˹գ˹ҲǴھת͵ʹУһʣҲпܵģҪúõسﻮһ
Ҫȥ˹һʴ⣬⿿ҶԼǲģȻܹＯʮԪʽ𣬵ȴûнڷ˲Ҫһʱʢ磬ûһȺ˵ĸǲеġ
ˣԪĵڶ죬Ҷȥ˽迪ܲ
迪еҪҵڳϵʡݣغһܲȴھǣҲмܷĿǣϾҵУҪܵеļܣܲھǣҵǲǺܶ˵ٸйͨҪһЩ
ҳҲԼһǣүͱȽϴˣϰסھɽׯƺӣϲھţҲչϸס
ңķ紵ݶһЩͱ仯ҲС
Ȼ˵ֻڽҵչһ벻֧֣ȻֻǺίԱûʲô⣬׻֮ǰӦÿԽίԱС
ֻ迪еܲҶǵһ
վ¥µͣϿͼ¥ʮŲߣھҲǱȽϸߵĽˡ
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ĳͣԵúۣϾԽҰͻûʽУڹڸûеڶֳͣ˵УһЩǮǱ۾ǰµϻǱҲɯ١ֿϡ־֮ĳͣǿҶĳӵʱ򣬶̲ס࿴ۡ
ͷˣ䵱Ҷıں˾Ľɫǳ׷ˣǰԼݣ˵ҲǸҶеݶһ˼Ҷʮ꣬ѾǸˣҾҪµľÿʵ˸еЩľ
ҶʮĻῴɳһʲôĸ߶أ˶Դ˶еǳڴ
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ǵòǮɣԷʵ
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ˣҪ˵Ҳʱ򣬷ֲһ䣬Ԫ
С˶ʱһ򡭡Ԫ
꣬Ҳ˲θʲڵҲһЩҪ˵һͻѼԪûм
ҲǮ⣬ؼⶫûУǮҲû򡣡Ա߶Ǻ˾͸ɳҵƷֱӿ˹ģȫҲôѣֵȻ޷ơ
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λ룬Ѿڰ칫ҹ򡣡ҲҶֻ˵ҶҵӵܣӦ־ҵĺɡ
Ҷһͷ߽˳ɵİ칫ҡ
ҶɾվӰ칫߳кҶ¡
ôͻȻʱ䵽ˣҶԱ߶֮󣬾Щʵ
ȥŪˮܸҶ˵ô⣬ɵЩԾȡ
ܵĸģͬ־Ĺӣڽֵţ˳ͬ־ľͷԣҶд£ڹڵĽڽӵ൱֪ȣܹ쵼˵أƽʱЩĴԱǣҲƽƽӣȴû뵽쿴ҶȻֵȣȻ˵Ҷǳܵ׼ŮҲδؾܹܵĴɣ
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬صعһ£ܲкĿռ䡣ҶǺֱӣֱӾ׳Լ⡣
ǵ˲ˮһԣҶ˵ɵЩġ
ЩƽʱҲԼļѣҪͰǷʲô⣬ȻҪ̸
ߣǿеĴ⣬ҲҪܽǧӻɣ
飬Ҳûзܵıʵÿ˵ɫѣЩҲǳ˶ɨ˶ˡ
ţҶӦҲǮģҲᱻܸ򷢵
ˣȴֵúܸȤЦʵŶ˵˵ܹҶΪǴģһǺܴˡ
Ҷˣʱһ㶣ѲҶһɲɣ
ܰɣͣƴѧûбҵأǳЦ
ЦҡҶúܣЦ˵ʲôҶһյֵĸɲѡ
ôһ˵ǰһ˵ѵҶʲôɣ
ҲˣҲǸѡЦʲô˵
̸Ҷ˵֣ȥ˹С
ˣʱ˷۶
˵ֻˣô׵𣿻Ҫȥ˹У쿪飡
ڵĽ迪УҲֻڹڷչѣû㺣ҵĴ㣬ҶһëͷСӣȻҪȥ⿪УһǾʵĶ˹ûȤ
ѾжϳҶ³ˣһᱻܺݺݵؼһ٣Ȼ˲ˡ
ҪڳǰˣǹûоĹǰ첻ġ


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ûӣڶ˹˵УδؾôܻӭҡҡͷڻлҶ顣
Ҷ֪Ҫ˵ɣ϶óһҲóһ֪Ƽô˵Ҫ֪ҲǺųƹ۹ĽרңЭ߲ƶ˲ٽߣ϶޷۷ġ
Ҷ׼ˣ;ϵơ
ĵģǶ˹¬ܼȥʱ˹ĽϵôꪳɳļǷǳġ
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Ҷ˵ͷ׳ɵľʵҲǺģΪִһҴҵеˣɶڽ迪еӰƿǿǰģͬʱҲеźܴηա
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˵ģùҵǮðա
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Ŷȷ¬ȱֵˣȻһ㶡
˵ʵڵģ¬ȱֵͷûг֡
ڽڵľñ֣˵Ѿ͸ˣ˽֮ҲǱֵѣڴ󲿷ַҶΪ¬ıֵӦѾˡ
Ŷ˹ͳҶյλλƹңͷ쵼ˣӦܹƾҪ֮йϵѸŤת˹ľƣø죬˵ҶΪ¬ҲȣһָȽԵĻϡ
ʱҶȻ룬Ϊ¬δڻִȱֵҵ뷨ȻǱۣ˳ɾͶ뷨еǳ档
ǱȽҶǾҶ˵κλĻҲͲǾѧҺͽѧԼмңǳͷβԲˡ
ȻⲢ˽һҶ뷨˵Ƿе
ΪһϸѧߣԭǺģ˵ĻδûкôҶҲһ漣ˡ
ҿԶ϶¬ڴһֲҲ̶õķݶϡҶ˵ĺ㻹ǵõϽ̨֮ǰưܵʲôز𣿶˹ʱá
ôܣˣȻЩš
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˹⣬ҲеǿµĵӣܲڱͿ˰ɣӦĿǰľΣŵ˹Ӧûûġ
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ڽйҵͻʸĸͬʱʼĽڿš
ͶСҵСջʼӵ룬ӪҵͻĶ˹ֲؿ
ִӪ˽з񡢹ʱ׼㡢ŨĿȡߵӪҵټ˵΢Цһпá
ͨڷгĥһ׵ӪֶΣϢ£ҵ¬
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Ҷ֪Ϊ¬Ķ˹͹е¬λ¬ı˱㿪ʼˡ
֮ѾյĶ˹ý壬ͻģس˥¬ǰҵġо桱ҲῪʼʽڽ硣
ǰҵûǰҵծȯظ߹¬Ҫ¶ۡ¬Ӧòȡɵг۵ϡ
ѹ֮£¬ܹͦס
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273 ı
ҶϢ̾յָûв
˹ƶȸĸɲһͨϢпܻǣ棬ҲпܻӰ쵽ڵһЩ¡
һ׶Σ˹͹֮ı߾ó׿չıȽƵ佻׺¬ģһ㶼ԪԻ׻ϰҲɵӣ֪ˣ¬ǲˣϻһЩȽʵڵĶҲԸҪЩյĵЯĳƱ
ȻˣЩ˸ϲö˹Ƥë;ƷԻ˼̵ģǶ˹ĸ߱Զʱڹڳ֣Ǹʱڣеĳ棬ֶǲϹ˺üԶؽֶۡ
ƵҲܶ࣬ƷȻǱȽܹȺڻӭģҲ׳֣Ƥë֮Ķֵߣһڱ߾Ͼͱˣܹڵء
ǶڴڵĽ׶ԣԻ׻ѶȾʹһЩˣܲϼƤľԶ۰ɣܲȥһ⣬ʽܴ⡣
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ڸǰȻѾϵ˹ҲѾʽ⽻ϵڱƽڷĺŸոտʼ¬ᷢʲôı仯ҲǷǳĵģΪľѧҡѧңҲԼĿֻû뵽ҶԴ뷨Ҹȥƶϡ
¬ȱֵֵʲô̶ȣɿ֮󣬾Ҷѯʵ
ˣʱеǳԾô˵ȻѾͬҶ˵ֻδھϴһ¶ѣʱܾҪȷһ£ҶƶϣǷԼ뷨Ǻϡ
һ仰˵Ҷ¬жϣǵõ˳Ͽɵġ
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ȥȥ¬гùСʱҪáҶش֮ǰɺȻŮ˵
ǣܡŮվӦһȻ뿪˰칫ҡ
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ˣ˵˵ɡɶҶ˰ֵ
Ҷųɰ֣øүӵķ緶ЩƣʵϳڹھȦӵӰȷʵܴȻȽϵ͵һٸѧҼܹӵãҲûһ˵Ӱ
ЩˣýˣˣƤӣ׬Ǯѣôȵ˳ɰһܹҵľô
ȫͲһεܹ飬޷Ტۡ
˵ˣνıƸĸϴϰտڴǮѡҶ˵һ¬ԪĻʣһĿ꣬Ӧûһһ٣Ŀ꣬һǧռĿ꣬Ӧûһʮ򣡡
һʮ򣿣ˣЩֵΪ˹ľû᳹ױ̣
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ֻҪ˹ͳҶյľùʲôˣͻ׶˹ľÿ϶ˡҶһѪָ
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񣬶˹ЩרˣΪҶȫľԶ˹ͳҶյͳҪɳΪ׹ѧҽܸ˹޸ģ˹ȫķĺ涨רɭƶΪѧ˫֮һһλ˹Ĭ˹ֱָ˹Ӧƶ˹Ĳߡ
ô˵˹ξö˵У𣿡Ҷʵ
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̫֣Լҵ˽˱˵Уʲôý
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Ŷ˹ǰĵһ̳ˣӾΣлָΪϵʱң˯ž𣿿϶ǲܵģ
ĳ˹ӢˣҲŪüˣ˵ս֮յСձҲ˵ֶθڵкԪˡ
˹ͳҶվȻѶ˹˽˵УҲ֪̾ûʮѵ˵˹ҲҲʵƶˣ
࣬ı죡Ҷ˵˶˵ĺĵִ˾ȻøɸɾȻֿԣ
ðɣжϣȥ˹Уǰ첻ģٶʱǰ첻ġɶҶ˵
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ȻܿΪ¬ȱֵĻһǿԸָһ·ġɴʱȴһЩ뷨˶ȣЦŶҶ˵
·Ҷˣʱǰһ
Ҫ֪ǾѧңרңЩǮİ취ǱҶ;˵ֻ֪һЩǳŵĺǿˡ
Ҷƣ֪ȾɵƣھòַϤԼԴõ˽⡣
ֻ˵ôһ֮󣬾ͶɳһɣҲһүӡ
Ҷˣô֪׼ˣ¾Цؽ̾˳˳ɵУȻžһ˴ɵ̾
һ̣ȻԲԲȦһص˵ͷҪľҶһĵ͵źһ̬ȶѣ˵磬ȥˣ
Ҷ׼˵˼ȻҪһ£˵ˣҲʲô˵Ͼ˼˶ʮװ׸ĶŮҪˡ
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Ըϴ˽̻塣ҶЦ˵


274 ˲Ǻ
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ܹ֤ҶͷôܸԼǮȥأ
û˱Ҷܹ֤һˣҲû˱¬ʲôӡ
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˹ѡԮȫǴģ㾭ƸĸƸĸ͸ǴϼӴ
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΢ЦʺͽͶýı˵ǮǰҵͽڻǮչǰĹҵ
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Ҳ˵ְı𣬼ʹϢ֧ҲΪ⡣
һʱʹ¬ֵĻк͹ʽͶ߽Ѫ޹飬Ʋѡ
ڴʱʽʷ˼Ľ¼ˣڶ˹ʽרҵĽ£˹ȡͨſ¬ʹ¬ԪɸĹʩӦ¬нס
˹ĽȶλڹרҵĽ飬ҵĽڹȨλνĶýļලߵᳫͷԼȨڸ˽ڳɻΣա
򵥵˵һΪĽΣĶ˹Σ
ǰĸɻٿźǰŶٴγֻ֣δĲʲôƷԪƴذе¬Ԫ
ԪڵʱѾΪһֱȻѡ
ڶеĴ֮ͨѾ൱ձ顣ھͶʸǻϽ͡
⣬гٿź󣬶ڵƷҲʹ۷ǣǰڸĸеõֽƸڱҲͨ͵ٶȡ
ĳλǰ˵õ100¬ĵֵ֤ȯʹ100¬֤ȯֻܻ൱50¬ֽңҲἱڱ֣гϵĻһʱӡ
ĴѾٰȫˣһͨͼӾ磬ǻԭĴȡʵԱֵѭʹ˹ֵͨҰһʧȥ˿ơ
ĶڿٸĸͻŴĲӹܿأڽڳɻĹжڼбƻʮ־˵ġ
ͨ͵ľ޴УԵĸ嶼Ѱұֵ;ʱʱؿ¬һԪʹǿһ˿ϣ
ԪһʱΪ˹гֵʱֲƷһȺ˿ϧ̾񡣴ϣеſڣ¬һԪĽǡ
ҪŶӵ˽ת˲ӵȺĺѵŨûˣ΢ЦĹҲ˳ЦָǰѾӴĹһԪؤ
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¬г׻ˣƻߵͼ۹ǰĹʲѵ˾޶¬ծ񡣺ŵ˵ֱֵʽʷ϶Ǻġ
¬ʱ߻ʱȼۼ㣬¬ʵʱ̶ֵȴﵽ112 000ʷϣսʱڣûгֹ˿ٵȨҵĻһʲ1945йսʱͨٶ֮ȶμ穡
ȻܹȷԼҪʲôҾ͸ָһ·ڵ˵˹ֵǮʲô
ţҶˣʱһ¡
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ʯͺȻһӾ͵ͨҶôõĶȥչǲеһҶĿɭˣ
Ҷ֮̾ͷӦ˹˼ȥչ˹ʯͺȻҵͶǺܴɣ
Ȼ˵ڶ˹ľ÷ǳţʯͺȻȻǿԻȡԪҪĲҵ˷ſģ˹ĹʲĶҲὫЩøˡ
ң˹ͳҶմˣڹ˵ǼȳӣȻڼƶȵĹ͹ҲĽġ
룬Ҽ˹˵ܣӦⲻɣЦŶҶ˵ͨԼķʽչ˹ʯͺȻԴ˵ȸһΪڻΪԼʱó¬չٸʯ͹˾ĹɷݣﲻҪ󣬽һԶΪԷʽ𡣡
Ҷ˵֮󣬾;ǿеġ
ֻǴӹʽгջǱȽϴģϾĻݣһ·ʽҪ磬ȻӦĲ
ֱչ˹˵ʯͺȻԴĻվͽˣʵԶںԼķʽڻһֻԼͶı֤ҲȽϴ󣬿ǷҪСܶࡣ
ֻҪ¬ֵܹһϣҶԴܹ׬һʣʱԼʣҲ԰ѻˣ׬⡣
ȻˣҶ֪¬ıֵᵽһֲ˼ĵزа飬ıţǲͶʮȥԶںԼչֵһǧĶ˹ʯͺȻԴ
һɹˣһʱ棬ҶܹӵǧĲƸʧˣҶҲӵмֵƵıֵʲԼͶǮҪֵʮ
⣬ôǰ׬ġ
Ҫʽ𲻹Ļҿ𣬵ʱֻҪʮˡɺȻ˵һ
ҶںȲ迼أĻʱǺһڣ˵λ˲ǺأԼ׼ŮôϢĸ


275 ⶼҪˣֶ
ʽϲһԮġҶɫػӦ
ţǺáɵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
Ǵˣ˸˵Ȼ˷ôˮ
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Ȼ˵¬ԪĻʽֵʮһĳ̶ȣҶΪԼܹô棬һ֮ڵĿ꣬ϣܹﵽһǧһǧһȻԼչ۳˳ôڶ˹ʱʢеնҲ԰ˡ
Ҫ˹ԴҵҲ£ֻ˼յǴ˽лʱڣҪ˶ǵĹ棬ȴǲѡ
ȻµһݶܹɹˣҲ½ϴһݶҶܹڶ˹ͶʽˣȻˡ
˹һԴͬʱҲһԴڴҶʯ͡Ȼڵ̶Ⱥܸߣڶ˹Ԥ30Ҫʯͳ֧ţԶ˹ƶȲԤʱ򣬱һע⣺ԤÿͰʯͶԪļ۸ƶġɶҶ˵Ҳ˿Ц˵˹Աÿ糿ϰҪĵһ£оھƣҪ鿴гʯͼ۸ʯͼ۸Ӹ߲£ԱͿԸǣʯͼ۸һ·ߵͣ˾Ҫżϻˡ
ɵ˼Ǻʵģ֧Ҷ˶˹ԴҵͬʱҲΪڻ֮ҲӦȫ˹ԴҵӦñһУΪδҪ롣
֪ġҶ̱ʾͬ
ʵϣҶҲƵ뷨ֻʶѣļ䵱УʯͺȻͬʱڶ˹ľֵҵ֮ȴźܴĲ
˹ȻĿɺ͹ܵ䶼ɡȻҵҵ¢ϾӪʯҵȴʵ˷ǳ׵˽л
ҶӡУ˹ʯҵѾڴ˽ҵ˹ľùͷǻ϶ǳʯ
˹ʵʯ͹˾¬ʯ͡ȿ˹ʯ͹˾ʯ͹˾ʯ͹˾նʯ͹˾⼸˾ϰʹɶǶ˹ǰé̡
ʯڶ˹񾭼еλʯҵ˽ʱĿ֮£ʯ;ͷڶ˹ξռŲͬһĵλǵּÿ춼Ҫڶ˹ıֽг֣˵ķá
ʯͼ۸زʱͳ뵽ķֹǵһֶԲߡ
Ķ˹ͷŸ̻Ʒ˹쵼ȿ˹ʯ͹˾йеĺϵ˾ͨ·ÿй100ԭ͡
жոտʼʯ͹ܵĿʱȿ˹ʯ͹˾һȷʾͨܵйʯ͵Ըڶʯ͹ܵճԺȿ˹˾еʯͳҵ˵Ľɫж˫ǩʯ͹ܵԭЭУȿ˹ʯ͹˾ʯͳҵǩ֡
ڶ˹ʯ͹ܵԺȿ˹ʯ͹˾Ȼʯ͹ܵĿļÿԣԼԶ˹ĺôⳡУ˹ý嶼ѻƷ˹˵ǡйļᶨ֧ߺʹˡ
ɴ˿ɼ˹ʯʹǣڹκ;ӵеλ
Ҷ뷨Ǿܶռж˹ʯͲҵгݶһ󲿷ȡ֣Ȼ൱һΪӰ˹ֵĳ롣
˵ַҶҲǹˣУһӿ˸£һЩ˲ţΪԼڶĴˣԼƿʯͲҵ
˵̨֮󣬿˸񲪵ЩҲǱȽϱߡ
Ȼ˵Ҳվת磬Ϊ̳Ǵ󲿷ֵΪϵɫʣΪϲʧҵʵ
ȻЩ˵УܵﻹǺܶģڶ˹̵УҲ˸еһЩ
ҶЩ˵еĹϵԴȻҪδѡ
ƿʯͲҵȻںĺܶ˿е˼ĸоʵУǾпɲԵġ
ʵ˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣ҪҶ̫ԲˣһҪ˽лʵĽ飬ΪʮƻõĽɫ۹ǸͲ֪гô¶
Ĵ󱳾֮£ͨĽǮ΢СĴ൱棬ټ¬ıֵҶڶ˹ʯͲҵаεͷ
ȻҲûлᣬΪ˹ȻһֱлʵϾΪֻעʯͲҵѡ
ȻҲпΪȻĿɸӼһЩ˹Կ̬ȣֻʯгûпȻг
һУҪڻ˵׼Ҫȥ
㻹ڽзչʵ
϶Ҫһµģ˵ն̫صˣҵ²СҶش
֮󣬶ʱЦ
նҶƽ֮ĹϵȻ֪֮࣬϶֪飬ٶԵ֪Ŀ϶ҪҶһЩ
նˣһЩģֻҪһЩֲҿҲֹʡˣΪֻһ㣬ܼܲʡλϣеˡĥһӺ󣬾ͶҶ˵
ҲûгҪ̨ͿԼǲˡҶҲûоʡĴԱôţƣĶȻͶʡЩˣҲûʲôѹ
ЩʡĴԱǣҶ֮󣬹ƻᣬϾҶȻûʲôȴֻͨģԲһ㡣
ô˵ɣնҶ⣬Ϊжд̣ҶûʲôʵڵİѱеĻնҲҶҶֺĻֵĴΪ
ѲɣֵĴǳԱ˳ŵģû¶רŸһʮĸ˿ЦȻǲͷġ
ڽɽ·չǴпΪġɶҶ˵лĻҵǲȥһն
ŶҶˣʱеЩȡ
ɿ˿Ҷ˵ҲֻүӵĿλʡʲôط˳ˡ
ĻҶ˵ԼԿģ׼˳һۣ;ƺȽ棬ǱĿڵһѰĻԲ˶ߣүӲˣǻòͷˣ
šɵ˵ͷȻҶı̬Ƚ⡣
Ȼ˵ϳĵϵƺɽ¶ˮˣҪһʡҲûжѶȣ˼ƺǲ󶯸ɸֻ꣬Ҫնһ鷳۰ˡ
Ҷ飬һ˳֣һ׳ЧȻʵѡˡ
ҶôгҶµ˭


276 뷽
199213գƼ
ϵʱҶͿʼԼķ棬绰Ҳ֪ڰʲô顣
ͷԼķ濴죬׻óԼǹһ
ôס͵ʱ򣬼Ͳżңִ񣬾ǳȥǻӡײǹֱֱ۰˼POSEȻŽǹ
Ҫô˵µֻȶڡǺǵЦ
ײͬȻҲóǹĿұȴǷɵɵСɵַɵһǷķɵȻ״Цɱˡ
Ҳ֪ٻھǴã˵
ӦòõġǱ߶ٷϴˣôܳǲ飿˵ˣôҲȥʡתһȦɣ
Ҳδˡ׾ҡͷǸƢôǵʣҿĿҪһЩ
ʵ˵ڵʥԺΪʥһܹĸ߿Ƽ˵ĹأȻ뽭ʡĹƣ质ڿӰСˣҶҲʡܣԸʡͻĿԲǺܴ
ȻˣҲųʡʥһ·ίǣǣҶ
ܹѹסٵˣûء˵
ˣƤӣҶǱ߶ķűƿˡ
Ҷ˳ͷ˵׼һ£ȥӻͬ
ӻͬ˶һ㶣Щ֪롣
ӻͬȻֻһͨĺͬסӻͬģһλͷӰ˹ʮĴʱȻѾȥˣӰȻС
ȥ𣿡̽һ
Ҷ˵ͷţԵذݷһ£˳˵顣
ͷ׶ݵؿҶ˵ҶپţưʱܹүӣһܹԼүӣܹͬʱõλүģûмˣ͵ˣǾ޽С
ȻˣҶ֮⣬϶ҶҲйϵΪڹоصҴ壬ҶϵĽ㣬ҶΪҶҵĵģȻҲĿһλ
ܼһ𣿡صرʾҲǷ׵
ҶͷʲôѵģҵԱһЩϾˣҪ˵
ϡˣеȽ˷ܡ
ʮһʱҶĳӵӻͬ
ǰͷһȻ³·϶ǰݷõĹԱǡ
СҶˣҲһôôˣ
һҲǣڸչԪµĴԱҲܶ࣬һ·ͬ־һ¹ϵҲǱȻѡ
ڹٳ֮ϣЩҪȥģδĹ·߲Զе˶ҶôˣһӴޱȵĴ֮С
ǰоţзͬ־칫ҵԱǼǣһֱӾͱȰˣǰݷõĵǼǣҲǰˡ
ҶһٳЦ˵ĳ쵼ˣ·׷ǰϺյ̫࣬ԼҲ㲻˭ֳ֮̾
˾ʵʱ˵ˣ˭Ҽǲס˭ûҿǼǵú
ͬ־Ҳδûд˼û¶㣬ԿŰݵöˣûлû׼ͱĳһˡ
ʡնĳӣҲЩ˵ĶеУڷͬ־ǰʡ㲻ʲôʡҲʵʵصš
ͼһûмԽҰ˹Խ˵ĳӣͣ˴ſڡ
ʲôˣȻôţƣ˶˽в²Էͷ
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նһؿҶıӰȴǲôҶԼͬ־ϣһӭȥˣ
ȻҶҶҵӣҪͬ־ԼǲģǸ泤һݼѣȴû뵽ῴһĻҶȻĿһ㣬ӭ˽ȥ
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Ƭ֮߶ĹԱ߹ˣͬ־Ҫܼˣһתǡ
ôһ˵˶ʱ֪ûϷˣͷ׷׵ͷؼҡ
ն˾Ҳת˳ͷȴʡһƣȻܲá
֮ҶͿ˷ͬ־ڸһλ곤˵
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ǿɲңûʽõءҶЦشһιЩ飬ҪϷ롣
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÷Ͼеð죬˵ʥѾ߹ģĻǲȥ߿ģһӣӶǻ巿ʲôûУҪȥĻеӲˣе׵ġ
Ȼ˵֮ǰͦҶΪⲢܹԭȥҶ׳ơ
Ͼүӵĵλ̫ͬչĳˣǺˡ
Сطô뷽Ϲȥȵչ֮˵ɡҶЦ˵Ұ飬뷽ȥ߿ʱһ꣬еı仯Ǻܴģ˵Ҳ
Сӣ̫ƽ󾯲찡ܵôͬ־ЦָָҶ
ǺǡҶЦЦֵܣӱ߶ԴӸ֮ȷʵ˺ܴı仯лھòգڳƷλҲкܴĴٽãʹĿչҲһܴá
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ͣһ£ͬ־˵ȥʱͽȥߣܹ˵¶ǲô
ֻҪϲҷҲûʲôҶ̾ͱ̬˵ˣ϶еķչһֱܹУÿȥһ˶֮⣬ҲԺܺõعעеķչͱ仯˳飬Ҳ㹻ˡ
СӾǻ˵ҲӦаͬ־Ц
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Ҷ˳ᵽʥĹ滮⣬ԼԼʥĶλ˼
ԭϣҼƻʥΪеΧ߿Ƽ԰һЩ߿Ƽҵ˴ҵڵҵоƬЩ򣬵ȻҲϣܹѻϻʥķ룬֮кܶ๤ҪġҶʱ򣬾ͼͬ־š
ϸ˵ͬ־ڸ߿ƼҵȤǱȽŨģֻе֧֣ܹһ㣬ǶеķչҲǺ⣬һٱʾҪһЩҪһЩ˵˼άܲڱ˸ٻ
Ҷƽ֮иеȽϽɲ˼ҲȽϱأԼߣҪƽ֣ΪעʽͬʱҲע
ԣͬ־ҶƽĹǱȽģȻӦȥ߿ʵҲʵؿ˼ее⣬ôͬ־Ҳϧû
ҶĹ룬ͬ־ҲһЩҪѻϻʥҵûʲôԺɸ߿Ƽ˲פ԰ĻеĻڶǸ
Ҷһǣ;ƺͬ־˵Ҳܶԡ
ʱеĻڿһ˼ʮ¶Ҫעһµġ
ֻҶʲôԸ񣿲а
ȴĥţʲôʱܹʥӰʹ֮Ϊ˲Ŷ֮͵Ĺ͹ȣ߿Ƽҵ԰һܹøָ߶˲Ŷҵĵطڳ飬ûжȤ
ҾãҪԼڼֵǿҶԴ˱ʾ
ţҾһ˵Լܺáͬ־Ϊ裬˵ͷ
Ҷڷͬ־аСʱӣͷҲǳҵظͬ־˵仰Ÿȥ
֮󣬲ŷԺѾûжٳˣΪͬ־лݷˡ
ڷϵǰоѹܴ󰡡׳سһ
ȻˣڣСҲݵ˵
ڰɣǺͨһλˣͬιȽҪ쵼ְѡҶͱʾʵƽʱ˵Ҳ͵ģֻ˼ػ£ø߸ԶһЩ
⻰ҲҶ˵˵Щ˼˷ϣҳ˵
ǺǣʵⶼǴͳ˼֡ҶЦЦ˲ûиߵ͹֣֮ƽȣ˭˭Ҳ೤ʲôֻƳ쵼Ȩʵʶƹ㣬ҲܹǿĻչٿ죬Ҳֻһŵ塣
⻰ƺҲе˵
뿪ӻͬ˵ۺֲ
ҶľǼУˡ
ҶүӸүӶסڴڣ߾ίԺҶƽסǱ߶ҶżؾȻԸסտյļ棬ԵۺֲͳʱЪ֮ء
٣Ҽ˭ˣҶսͿص˹
ŶҶһۣЩ졣
˵ɲƮƮˣƽʱȵĺܣôеӣ
ѵ˵ǹﲻɣ
ۺֲ߶ĶֻڻԱǻԱһ˿϶ģǹǴһ
ôһ˵Ҷ;˭дͣ
ǽʡʡնҶĶС˵
ʲôҲֵطҶˣȻΪ档
ȥնӦֱȽɵĸɲȻ˵ҶҵҶƽйڣ;ܹϵʡλϣӦҲǳڵģֻ׳־Ƣеѣȴû뵽Ҳԣܵۺֵطǲ
ʲôҶȻϢȽϹġ
شЭСӣ
ҶˣͿʼĥ¶ˣնȻǳѧԺɣȥиûʲôϵѧԺ˲ûкǿĸ߲쵼λҲֻһȽɢ֯Ӧ˵ֻѡ
նͲ󣬾ѾʡԱһʡ˵ǰ;ڽķչ֮·϶ҲǺ뷨ôҪߣ͵ѰһôУ߸ĽӴҪҿ£Ҳ˵
߶߶ضҶ˵٣ҪҪ򿪼ؿһ
Ҷʱһ£ڵۺķ氲װ˼أ
ҶȻһȻ˵ںܶƵ涼зǵۺԵĿͻȺǲͬģһ飬ұײƵĻƺȽأҲ˵ĶǴԹӵܣЩ˶Ǻע˽ܵģ֪飬ҶһɺܲӰ졣
Ͼ񾩳Ȧ棬֪ۺҶٵĳӡ
ҵȻڳװˣʱԵĻǿͽȥġæ
ŶҶ˵ͷ˵ֻҪǲץסѱǾûʲôˡ
صĴͨͽȥģװڲ躣棬ͨװýźŸͳҶļ豸ϡ
֮󣬾Ҷ
ʡõܵ飬ôڻûвüĿ˵Ӧֻɤӣֱܹĳ
ӣоˣҲˣ̨ģǽеطû๵ءնش
ҶǵһնǰֻնͼƬϣʱն;˵ƫǿӲһ棬óԸȽϻ𱬵ѹ¶е׶
˸ƴҳǺ¶ƺҪѹҶΪֻ˵ǱȽԲˣǴѹɣǳ˴ҵЦ͸Ӳȡ
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Ҳûʲôð취ʱֻоʡ˶岻ȥ˵ǵطϵľնʾһǳΪѵı飬Ϳһ취ҲûУֻڴ۶ѡ
Ҽү˵ʡǾҪˣʱûкܺʵѡʡҲȡһµġȻ׳ն
ʡίλãնջǺܴģ̾Ͳˣ˼֮ն˵һȥúõ̲һ£ֻǱôһ֤ܶݶˣֻ졣
ҪүֻҪҳ׶ѡʾ
ţ˾Ϳʼ˵ڽеһЩԼڽʡһЩҵȵȣ·Ŀ漰ʽȽϴһЩ˶ʮԪĴ󹤳̡
նʾзǳӭչӵͶʣͬʱҲʾ˶ϯľʲôġ
ʾүӶնҲǳصȵȣаСʱӡ
ȵ棬һˣƺŮӷ
Ҷ˶ն᲻һҸʱ򣬾˵٣˵նո뿪ˡ
٣һȻܽҶЦһ


278 ѺϽǱͧ
ҶȻЩעնڵۺʲô飬ҲûҪⷽץİѱ
ʡԱԣ϶ٲ˵ģûиն뷿䣬ҲҪĵطأ⡣
ȻҶҪץնİѱҲûлûҪôĺҶ˵Ƿʣ
ػ֣ܶô˭ûл˵һЩ޹ؽҪС£ҪвһλʡԱ̨϶ǲ׵ģնܣ޹ٳǱȴҶ߾裬ʹֶͬԼϡ
ٳ֮ȻǱЩùֶΣҲͰˣ˵Ļһ˻ɵԼϣԺ鷳ࡣ
ԼĵͷϣҶǲЩ鷳ģȥ˱ĵطǲԿһ£ֻҪնҲ˿ĵһ顣
˵Щ飬صעһ£©ĻõϡҶһ½飬Ըһն飬ʱҪȥˣϾǵĴ٣ۺĻ٣Ϊ
ǡ˵ͷ֪鱨飬һǲй޹ǵȲѵʱԼǲӦñ¶ȥġ
ȻţҰŷ䣬Ҫ˯þ컹кܶҪҶ˵
ȫû⡣̴ӦȻЩȷʵҪŹ𣿡

ڶϵʱҶյڶ˹鱨ǲУոշġ
ҶҪѺϽǱͧϢ̾ʹ˹
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ʮڣΪʱںǱͧ˫ƣǰĺǱͧרҶ辶оʹѺϽ칥ͺǱͧ
ǱǹͺǱͧһҪսҪءǱͧӴǱɼٱǱɻϴ̽ǷֵĿܣѺϽ־еʹԵŵ㣬ʺϽǱͧĲϣˮ潢ͧäܿˮ潢ͧˮըʱиĻʱ䣬ǱͧˮըеĿܡ
⣬ѺϽͧ壬ԴͧˮѺϽƸȣǿȴŵ㣬Ҹͺˮ
˹촬һϵͧѺϽĹ֮󣬿1ͧPaPaȫѺϽѲǱͧ661ͣP
Щ˵ǰרĲѺϽ칥ͺǱͧǿеġ
ȻǰڽȫѺϽǱͧĹҲɱ˺ܶѣɱ̫⣬Ҳٲά衣
ҪҪӴǱͧǱȣѹͧѹߵҪ󣬻Ҫг⺣ˮѹǱͧϵͳԼһЩܷĳѹһϵ⡣
ѺϽĺҲʩ൱ֵ⡣
ںʱöȴĺڵĸΧеãȻͻʹ챾ͺΧֲԲѷ졣
ֻڼ⣬1979-19836ѺϽǱͧƵͧ1988걻٣5Ҳڽȫ˳ۣٲ³
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УҲʾǱͧӦû˶Ǯ
ʵϣ۵ĺǱͧҲУᵽʱǱȽϵġ
ΪһǿΪٵĿ˸УУеãȻˣԼҲûˣֻܰе飬Ͷ뵽˾С
ѾΪʵϵǰվ߼ڼˣֻҪУ֣ζǻдʵԪԽˡ
ⲻĴҶЩⲼУĿգⷽҲòûʲô԰οģϾѾˡ
ףѾеˣһ֮һѡ˳У˵
û⣬һһʲƲȥκһӣҲϸǵҸȫһЩҶ֤
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ǵ׼ĲˣҶͿʼԼӦôЩʯͲҵ֣ץסص㡣
˹ĵʹ츴ӣԴḻ˹ƽԭǵ̲˹˴쳣Լ
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ʯ͡ȻҪֲǣΪ󣩡˹̨ͺأ֣ҳȵزͺء
Ҷ뷨һǸչеʯҵһչδȨ˫£϶ܹɨ˹ʯͲҵ
ȻˣҪռӴ棬û˽װǰ첻ģ̾뵽˶˹ĺֵ϶˹ʯʹǣ˹ֵйϸ𣬵ڶ˹ӰǷǳԶģھϣҲϡ
װĶԱֵͬ˹ֵͲһϵġ
ҶпҪųһ־ֱȥǰ˸񲪵ع齨һǿĵ֯︽ĳеĵ
ôһĻΪΰѳָʵȨɨƽ
ĻܹͼõȨҲδؾܹǱɿֵĲҵˣ޷ʵ󻯡
߶黹ûʥǱ߶ʹ˲õϢеСɧˣ쵼ЩѹסҪҶϽȥ
Ϣͨ楴ģҶյ֮󣬾̬Ƚأֻý˾ֱֱӷʥ
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ֱڿмУµɽһζ
ҶԱ߶ϴȥͿɽĳɽ룬Ⱥ
ʵϸ˵ɽľɫҲǲģֻɽ࣬·ѣʺϿΪҶըһӣɾͷܶˣҲڲ֮ҲһЩ羰ĵΪ
٣Ǳ߶ըĿӡҶһ࣬ȻָָҶ˵
ŶﰡҶڿеʱжȷʵܶ࣬пЩɽȥ࣬ûжķֱ
ϸȥֱܹǸըĴӣʱһƽͨ;
һɽɽƱȽر𣬶ƫƽ˱ը֮󣬱γƽȻ˵ֱӵ·ʹãҪ·ĻѶȾͽ͵˷ǳ͵ˮƽϣƽ֮ͿԶ
һԽҰʱƾسֱӿʥʲô¶ˡ
ǻǰһЩʵ¶ġҶ֮Ҳепرʾ
Ų·ϻ˵Ƕǻµ飬ȻǧԪҲһѣǴʱȫò֮ҶŸоǧԪֵϾǰһ¡
˵ʹóֶɽ·ĻǧԪ治ģҲûô죬ʮȻеˣĿ϶첻¶
߶ҲеЩʲôȻ֪ģֻûⶫɱˣսȲأȻҲܹɽ·ҶĴֱʣȷʵе۽󿪡
ȻҶҵӵܣȻǸţˣҶ죬Ժʲôɾͻ˵һˬ£οƽˡ
Ҷĥһ£Ͷͷ˵ҾͶŸĹɣ
Ƕٵİš˶ʾͬ⡣
ţ¶Ҳȫҵ㣬ʡ߶϶ҪһֵġҶ˵缸ͳһ£ʲôĲܣҲʹòǣ
Ǻð죬ǼþתɲôҲܹŪ߸ݣҲİġúʡȻŹ⣬Ŀǰʥļ̫СˣҹҲûжԸˮµľٸһ·ίǣǾͱȽͷʹˡ
⻰ҲǾһǵģϴҶովδ峤ƾؾҪ¶ͼΧҶռͷչռ䣬һҶȻ˸Ҫʥʡն϶Ҫҩ
ôǼˣܹ쵽ҶģټĸɲɾһĹǸˣҲҪίģǽʡŪһ׶ίǣҲܰԶˡ
ȻˣǾԶŪ˹ˣһιҪ򿪽ʡȱڣҶҵʡ͸ģలżˣٰżˣʲôֱҿаֱӰˣɾֱӰˣҲͲˡҶһº󣬾Ͷ⡣
ƾص⣬ҲҪƽѵ
ŶҶ˵ͷͿ
ô˵ʥǰƾصĵ̶ģȻǨˣǻûгƾصĵؽ磬˸ʥ´Ҳʥǵ̶ȴʼûлôʹһʹ⣬ƾǱ߶϶ǲġ
¶ҪôҶҲû׶
ѲɣʥϽƾأ취ƺҲ˵ùȥġ
һ߿ƼֻϽһصĻδҲе̫СˣҶôҲϽأǴ˾ɣ
Ҿòܰɡ飬¶һЩʶģȻ˵ҶڴŲ٣Ƕڵµ飬˽Ͳˣһ˵ǿ˼ƾؾڣܽӦýйίΣίҲίǣӦýпίǣְӦöǸıơ˼ƾҲǰôҲòģ˵ίȫԼοĵίǣôһǸĸɲˡ
ʲôҶһʱˣôڣôȫ˼Ҹȥ
ҹƾĽˣʡóһıƸ㣬϶ҪûһģȻնείѹ㣬ôһίǼοίǵġʾ
ܳҶˣʱһ䡣
ĿܽҶѾˣնǳԿˣڽлսôܾôɵҶһŶ
ǿƵ쵼Ҳÿ˵ĸܵģ˵¶ǽͬ־棬鲿ģնҲ鲿ͬ־һԼʵѣһıƺ𣿵ȻѣѵĽҪһҶܹܵĽڶѡ
ƽίɸĻնָִӲۿ۰ɣ¶Ȼһģ
ȻֱŸոأҶͽӵ˶үӴĵ绰ֵģնС治ǶȻҶҵ˳糵
鲿ļѾµ˽ʡնʾ֧ľ齨ʥ¼ҲǽĸͬʱΪ˱ʾʡļӵصоḻĸɲοίǣϿίҶĹ
ίǲǱˣƾίǻΡ
үڵ绰һ֮󣬲Ҷô
ʱҶ֮Ѿƽô죬Ű£ʥҵĵ̶ί򣿡
ˣʥĴǣԻǱȽҳ϶ȵģֻҪǽⲿ˸źˣټͶҵԼӰԶ֣һʲôã
˵ϵĻôҶҲõǳֶս
˵øԶһЩնҶҾûа취ˣֻǲԸһԴСˣ
µ绰֮󣬴˾ӭ˹Ϊ׵ľǱ˺ʱȫֵ͢ܡ
峤ˡԶʹ󺰵
Ҷ˹ȥ֣Ȼʵô¶˵ең
ɲͷشҿ峤ˣҲĹǡ
ΪʲôֵģҶʵ
Ǯֵ¡˺һҲ֪˭Ѵ˵õ˲˵ˣЩ뿪˴ӵˣҲ˻ҪһǴίʲôǮǾŴ¶
ԭҶǸʲô顣
ڻкüʮڴίء˵ΪûҶڳЩҲţֻǡ
ߣҵĵ̶Ҳ¶ҶʱΪնһţ飬ȻǺһֵǳص𣿳أȡ֣ͼ߸ŽĴþ棡˻Ҫ𣿣˰Ǹͳͳץ


280 ίҲҳأ
еװɣĸ͢ЩɵʵίҲܽأ
λҶ峤ƺЩ̫ǿˣһھҪץˡ
˵Ǻץץ֮ô죿ǸԽ⡣
˵ˣЩȻڲǴˣǸʥԨԴ׵ģû׼ڴ滹кֱܶϵأóȻ֣˰
͢еµ뷨ֻǲҶ峤ʲô뷨
峤ôŪ͢ˣͿҶ
Ҷֱӻӻֵץ˾ץˣʲôš
ǡ͢ȥˡ
ҶǷǳ̾ģĲ˵ֻƾҶҶҵݣ˵Ĵ֮ģҪ˵ҶĶǳֱӰֻǾ֮С
ĴֿΪϰһЩ飬͢ȻҪһ׷档
͵ί᷽˹ȥ
ί߶һƬֵۼ˴ԼʮˣڳµΧŴЩǣҪǮ
˵Ǵίᣬʵϻǰ巿ֻİ巿ģϴһЩһٶƽףֻǷҪһЩи߸ӵ͵ܹõ
ȥ֮󣬾ͼмʮӣΧǰµˣֽӵĵǣϻгʣµͷ̲ˣײҶʲôģŪøȦࡣ
ֻӵȥƺҪҵʲôԵġ
ȥһȥжʮˣһ߿˴յűߵ
ؽڿд˸ವһӾԶˡ
˿ȥģЩ뺷ʣΧƦһͬһǲҵˡ
缸ˣǴӵûиµˣ˵ҪôȥҰǵķӲˣ
棬ҲʮˣǸŭԣһ꼶һЩĴ˵ǮǴ峤Լ͵ûʲôϵʥô꣬ûǮǻ᲻
ҲܡһֵţҲǺúŪˣеģҲҪУҲ۸ǣһʮ˿ˣһһҲ⻯ֻҪõǮ̾ˣ
Ա߶һЩ˶ʱҲǰǣţ˵ǣҲ⻯ֻҪܹƽУҲҪܿ˰ɣ
ƣһվ˵ǶǴˣƾʲôܹҪǮ
˭˵ǲǴˣԳţӵ۾˵ҪǿһͣʹӳˣүүʥˣҰְҲʥˣȻʥ峤Ҳı䲻Ϊʥ˵ʵ
֣һ͵ĴŭҲ˼˵үүʥˣҪΪǲ֪ĵϸүүţӵɽϵͷӣ
ʲôԭţͷӰʱܶ˶ȵ̸
Ȼ˵һǹҪǮţڴͷ¶ǶţĵϸҲǷǳֻ֪سִü޵ֵĺͷӣȴ֪ԭүҵүүʼ͸ɵ´ҽеѹҵ
ƨ˽Ҵϵ׶ţҲ
ͷţӣڽɽһǱȽģȻǶ
ţҲ֪үүô¶Ǳ˵Ҵһ¶ʱͷŭվ嵽ǰһѾסͷ·ӣȭͷҪȥүүСүʰϹͷ
ס֣
ͻȻһȣžͼһֻںĶ˹ȥ
ţͷŤȥһͼӭһ֪ʲôûеӦͱһţʱĵŴѪܵ˳
һٶ͢Ĵ£س˻ңһ飬ʱͰ¶˸
¾ͼĺͲҪģǸһ١
ҲǴұһӻҪйһˣ챻Щ˸ɧţĺܶ鶼ûɣҶ峤һ͹ϵҪ֣άʥ尲ŽĴþ棬ȻǴĵľ
ţһŴʱҲǻðɣŶ͢һ˹ȥ
ϳ˵ģȴҲ˵ã󿪴ϣȻЩ·
ţӾȻڵ˿һ׶ߣӸ£žҪ͢š
С֣͢ҲͱΪоУлһѣôţ֣ӲҪţߵһ˲䣬Ȼӳȥһȴֱֱ£ߵ˴ͷӹţƨϣͼţʧȥƽ⣬ų˴ţصصڵϡ
ţȷʵӣȻһͦ
ֻûվȣ;ƨְһţһֵڵء
˭豳͵Ϯңţŭغ
شһӣʱѪɣ˦Զȥ
ͷ׾վڴſڣǴ߹Ҷ
ղųֵǷףֿضˣѪɱ˵ֱӢԸֵƦ˻ʲôҪģ
ͲɾŲҰȥֲһţвŶţ˵
ֶңԺҵ˻ᣬɱȫңţݺݵضŷףݵ˵
ţҶҪȥ仰ʱȤϷ룬СӲʵ֪ô˰ɣ
ЦЦɱôֲû
Ц÷Ƶ˵Ҳɣ֮ȴ͸¶һѪϢţӷ䣬ȫû뵽ʥȻֶκ˼
Ҳ֪˵ɱڣǲģ
ţȶӶеתˣƾߣɲʲôµͽ
峤ǻˡ
峤ȿˮ
峤׷ŹЩˣ⼸ǱǸڲˡ
Ǹţүүͷţӣ
ԷҾüĸŪȥ
ʱ˶׷ΧҶҶԵ÷ǳ˷ܣ峤һ͹ϳץסЩµˣôҸе泩
ȰЩ˶˵ҿǵʱоڲҶһ߶Ǵкһ߶͢Ը
ǡ͢ӦһȻʵʮе󣬻ŮģǲҪԴ
ŶҶˣʱһ£Ȼ˵㿴ŰɣڵЩش΢ſһЩڲʵģҲҪ˼ʲô
ƾʲôץǣǷʲôץЩˣԼʮˣʱ׷׹ƵҲܴ
ʲô͢һ۾ڳأǻе˲ǣ¶ģ˵ҲҪȥʮͽ̣
˵ĹУͻȻ˵ٺ٣ЦҾͲ֪ίʲôʱҲԳˣ


281 ɳôĹ٣
꣬ʲô˵ô󣬾Ȼڴίſڴʴʣ
˵ҶˣǸ˶ת˴ſڣҪǺηʥȻҶ峤ϣ
ҶҲе㵣˵аûʥˡ
˵֮䣬һӾͳ˵֮С
ûһӣǻе֣һܵĶӡ
Ŵӳֵģһ̾ĸߴӣȥƤϰףɫǺмɱ⣬һ˫۾Ҳ䣬ľϡ
ĴӸ˷֣Ӧһľ
޵ذǹ棬Ǹһɱڵĸо
߲ưڳ˿֮󣬶ôһӡ
ĺ棬ӿ죬мűװˣȥЭʲôģܹʮˡ

汻ǿˣʱС
ţǸߴ͵ľ٣ʱ˾񣬽ͷЩ˸ǷнҪ
ҶǾһۣЩ졣
͢˹ˣͶҶ˵ɳΪţһ·ɫ
Ҷ˵ͷԭǾһѰڵطⲻ˵ġ
ʲôôҲôһӰ̵϶ǹȥġ
ȻˣɵҲǼеģΣҲеģΪ˱գǾصĵûȣһΪϢͨһҲΪ˽ơ
Щط͵ʲôĶǾŵģҰϷ֣ץУЩ͵ȻԼĶͷ̳Щ鶼ʲôϡ¶
ڿЩ϶Ǹţͨõģ򲻻ôɾͳʥ´塣
Ȼƺոշţһ㣬ЩؿһۣȻʵţȻôţץʲô
ţ˲ʵЩĸˣҲеţ֪¶ôճǶĿ⿴͢
Ͼ͢Щ˵ͷӡ
أı쵼ɲˣץѵҪ͢ȴûбҪӡ
Ϊʲôɫ͢ģǰȻҶţҪԴ֮䣬ʹһ˿
ɶ񣡡Ϊû˵Ա߶һͽˣ֪Լڸ˭˵ɳǸǷнȻˣһȺäϽ˶ҷˣһǶץ෿
ôһУȺʱЩɧϾϰջǱȽϴӵģûʲôԸԣɳЩϰյ۾棬Ĵˡ
Ҳеɧ֪˭ģ
ΪʥѾеţͺϵ˵˽ץǲԵģڷ֪ôϽ˶ˣǲҪڷĵ·ϣԽԽԶԾ񣡡
ԱһСҲڹţѾǻˣҪǲסʱǶץˣԿԼӵǲ۾ģ
¾Ǿ˹Ҫÿ
ҿ˭ң͢Ҷһĳȣʱ˵ͬʱҲΪǵʸеЩ죬Щ˱ϾģȻ˵ûо̫ѵҲ˵̫Ȼһɢɳļ󣬵Ȼ޹⣬ʱǾҪͻƣʱһŭ
ôһҲ˵Χǽǵ档
ǱϾ٣δؾжãǵų䲻ǸСջˣγǹͿһǹģĸÿ
һǹ֮ʱ;
Ƕû뵽оҿǹ
ʲôϷˣС˶ǵغ
Ҷ˶ʱüͷһ壬Ա߶ͷ˵øڹڳϿǹôĵӣǹ˿
ͷӦһһͳ嵽˾֮УȭžͽǸСñףǹҲˣԼӽ
ǶûϵȻᷢıʡ
ϮΪˣ۾ʱϴ󣬴Ҳǹȥ
û뵽ЩǵĵӾȻ֮ʮЭǰȻҹȻˣ
˰ΪγǹҪ׼ֿСͷ׿ǹʱ򣬾һǹΪǹϣһѪ
ΪһҽУ˵ŵؿŴ߽һŮӡ
ȻϮһǹ˾죿
⵽ʲôӰʥ𣬸оôǽӰ
ΪʹҲҳһŶ飬ȫʧȥ˼ά
һǹ죬ΪɳҲ˾ǵģôˣûоǹս˭ʥ壬Ȼʶˡ
Ϯ˿ǹ˾죬ʲô
ѲɣҲзˣ
һγǹģҲ֮ǰС죬ԼΪʱ˵ǹһͷµˣһ˻䣬ǿʲôģǲ
ˣǶʱˣҲٶˡ
˶˵ˡ
Էɳҿǹˣʲôסģ
ŴӴ߽ŮˣҶе
Ҷ߽ллܶӣҲеЦ飬ûдִģͻȻелȻˣǳǹˣñȽϸ
ϾܶŹǹϮֲͬʵ¼
ʥĴί棬ռȫˣҶеЩͷ
ΪʱѪ˿ڣл˵ǹϮ񾯲죬֪ж𣿣Ͽǹ£ȡ
лѾ˽ЩĵؿһۣԼǹڿתȦȻҸ߲ǹУЩϷʵʵãҸҿǹᵣЩ⣿
Ϊһʱסˣûпǹ⡣
ѾеˣҲ֪ǲΪʧѪԭ򣬴ʱлѣ⣬ƺлԼǹ˵
㣿ǹΪЩ㯵ʵ
Ȼлһ
ɳΪл˵ҲǴģϮѾǷɳݾ㣬̷еǻɳȥףĻһкԼе
Ϊ˵⻰ʱҲĥл׼֮ͽǹǴģҲʲôݣϮʵģ
ɳлˣȴһŪ˵ôĹٰ


282 л
ΪɫΪʧѪЩ԰ףлһ٩֮ȴֶʱͨǱð
ƾһϣΪӲһĴȻֻһɳȴƾصίίس
ίίسһʲôƾصĵĺʵȨҲǺܴģôһ磬ΪƾصϣǺߵġ
˵ˣԼôһŻˡ
ǣǹŮ˴
ɳôĹ٣
ϸڵɳĲߡ
ؾֵļƼֳһ㶼иسΣԼǸֳһƼɳǣһνĹɼˣӦΪ˱ڹŪһںʵеĹԱУûĿ
Ϊɳǹɼ
˱ǰŮ˵֮Щŭˡ
㾿˭ҧģһҪץסŮˣѩޡ
лûԼת뿪˷䡣
ҶΣһŶһʲôˣ㻹ûʸ֪˵˵飬ȻɾأıͬΧ쵼ɲΪ𣿡
һأΪЦЦЦһССĴίᣬȻҲųƹһأûгʶǶˣһȺӾһ𣬻ԳƹһأѧɽúɽְǷ֪֪ڵΪѾ˹ҷɣǾȻϲǺЦ
ΪЦЦţȻЦģԭһܲ
ǷˣЦƨǰһ΢飬ϵĳƵ˵
һȺԼôĶ֪ҶЩмؿ˿Ϊбĸסţҡͷ˵Ϸ룬ǵȹϣǿʲôйһأ
ǡӦһʹӺϳһľƵ
İװ˺¶˰׵׺ֵȻкżӣӹ̶ڴίĴϡ
ۿһǲǹһأҶһ˷Ը
ΪţЩ¶С;ǣѺ˳Ϳ˸ոչڴϵơ
ʥ¼ί᣿Ϊһʱɵˡ
⾿ô¶
ʥôͻȻ˸¼ˣ
͢ʱҲ˳ΪЦɵ˰ɣʥ¼ǹҼҶǸɲΧ쵼Ҫʲô
ҪʲôΪʱ˵ˡ
ɲǰСӣҲš
Ϊɵӣ˼ҼȻҳӣǾ˵׼ģֻԼ˸ɶѣ¶ʮа˾žˡ
ţȴǲ֪أҸӾ˵Լǹһˣ˭ᰡ
ߣҶţһۣȻԷ׷ԸϷ룬㲻ǱΪίᾯ־־ֳڿʼվ죬ѶȻ֪ƽط棬˵ɳΪȻӣʥ¼ίᣬѾ׼ƽԺߡ
ϡЦŵ˵ͷʵǵļԺ
ʥĳʵִ̫ˣܷױΪ־ֵľֳǸֻһӾܹģҶԸվľٶʵҲǲϹصģҶԼ뷨رԼһ֧飬Ծȳ˵
˵ȱһЩԱ͹Աȴ׵ģֱӴӾУҵԱгͿˣҲһ仰飬ڴӽеطϲԱҶʹˣȻø׵ؽԼִǡ
ԺʱûСҶͷȻ˵ڼԺûг֮ǰЩ˾ͽǾ־ּˣȻôŪ
֮󣬾ͱʾҶΣˣ֤񡣡
ʥڴģ·¾ӣ⼸ʮ˺ԾѵͶʱһͷ̲ϡˣͶһ˵ɡ
׻Ǻϸĵģ׳ˣ׸ʮ˸ˣҲǻȥͨ籨š
ͨ籨ΣʥҶĵ̶ΪԼɵشֻ˵̫ùˡ
ҿԳʥ־ֵĸֳҶֱӾͿʼ£ˡ
͢һʱˡ
˵ҲϹԽսϱˣһһȵĹ򣬽Ļ׶ȲҶƸãҲΨף޷Ǿʱ򣬶һֽŶѡ
Ƕڷ־Ƹ飬ԵñȽӻԾ
ܸϾĻǳ˹ҷˣҲĻԵȻܸߡ
ҲûţҶֱӾ͸Ҫ˵ίίǵְȽϸߵģɲԳְǺɣҲҪͨ˸һЩ˵л
лôˣҶ뵽ղŵ飬ֹ
Żе˶׷ɢȥ֮Ҷ͹ȥл˵
飬Ƚϼ򵥵ģлȻǹ˾죬üһЩ˵Ҷ鷳ʥʲôûУûУΪǹˣ϶͵ҽԺȥεġ
ҽԺĻ϶һ࣬ϾǹˣҽԺҲܽŵġ
лȴԶҶķ䣬￴Ȳ裬Ҷ˽˵ͷҲû˵
ȡҶһлûʲô취Ͼ˼ұܴ򣬶һоУݣлܶӣιʲôҪأ
Ρл˿ڲ裬Ȼ˹ػش
ΣҶһ£ȻŷӦ˼˵
û¶ˡлͷ
ʲôְ񣿡Ҷʵ
ίǡлش
ףŶҶˣʱЦ
ԼŪ˵ίίǣлֻһǣԼڵίĻȨǴúˣֻҪǰѹί߶ѳסôʥԼ£
ʱ򲻹˭ʥίǣѹסԼʼˡ
лǣʱҪҶĳһҶʼ£л
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Ҷ˵ҵȻ֪ԭԺǿˣҪȻϡ
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ٶǺ¶ĹǲңʲôҪͷʼҶ̴󵹿ˮõѣѣѣѣЭѣôһѵѴҵȻҪͷˣ뵽ֶ߶ҲǸո𲽲ãҾܵ߶ȡ
ţǿԻͨ޵ġͬ־ͷ
ΪڽӴУҲŷֶ߶ĹúʵҲǰհԣԶҵܴ󰡣ҶûʾôһʥҪ߲·ͬʱҲ濼ԼĶλ⡣
㶨λ𣿡ͬ־¶ȽϸȤʵ
λˡҶͷʾ
˵ͬ־ЦӦòʲôܰɣ
ǻܣ¶治̾ͱ¶ȥҪ˽һ£ҿ϶ܲ˵Ҷȳ˸ߵȻŸڷͬ־Ķߣĵؽ˼ʲô
ͬ־տտȻǺܸȤԱ߶˿ˣҶƽ˵ҶҲ̫ţˣǴҶվԷ磬˼ҶǸͬ־̸ûš


287 ҲǲӲӥ
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ںһЩˣΪƽʱڣûбҪھͶľǺġҶʾѧ־ãͨõģȻ˵һֱط𣬵˼켼ߣзߣ˺ܴĴ̼á
ҲҪ˼롣ͬ־ָ̾ںܶ˸㲻˼˼ͷô˵¾͸ô˵Խ˼벻Ǻ˼룬һִ£֡뷨ͺ˼ĿԴ
⼸仰Ա߶˶ˣǲ֪˵ľʲô飬ֻͬ־仰ȥ˵Ҳ֮ͬǿƽĸ￪ҵ˼
ʱͳλֶ½һҴͺʹ˾Ĵţʻ˾Ƭ첿
Ŵ򿪺󣬷ͬ־ȵسѵȺڳſڵĸɲְǰ
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һ̨״ڵICؼ豸עʱ̨߿Ƽ豸ֳŨȤʣʻ磿
Ƭ֮ζ˵磬ʱҵ豸Ϊã硣
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һͲŮְԱӱȽϴ󣬼ͬ־ʺ򣬡Ϻã
һŮְԱų羴˵Ŀ¸صġ
ͬ־ͷ˿Ҷ΢Ц˵ⲻ˵ɣһ㹱ףһ£ܶûҲꡣ
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ʱйĹԱ廰˵ǶƷѧŵĴѧ
ͬ־ˣ˵صͷĳ˵21ȫˡ
ǺܴվԱ߶Ҷˣʹظһ£˵21Ϳˣ
ͬشģ˻йõġ
ڹ˾ԱߵľͣʱһСҡҡڰ˹֪˭˵үүһסͬҶƽͱӣͬ־еǰǺӡ
˭Ҳû뵽ϲ˵㣬ͬ־ҵƻϾ·ϣ̳ľ߹̨ΪСǦʺƤ
̳Ƿͬ־һ֮󣬾Ҫ󣬾ߵ˽ܣʮһȫͬ־һֱйһ̵ꡢһع˿͵ԸʮԸԺܼҲԵرӯ̳Ĺ˿͡ӪҵԱƵƵ֣Цʼչϡ
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оֵĸ˱λŮƶľжˣһλŮýȦڡ
λŮò֪˵ʲôãֻץӵСƴ򷽺ͬ־֣ӵĶһλͨԼȰϸ顣
Ƿͬ־״ȥǺӵ
׼뿪ʱϾ··վ񣬵ͬ־߳ʱҵعƻӭ
ʱͬ־Ҳܼһһ߿첽̨ףԷҶ˵ҳǰ߼
̫ˣ󷽱㡣ҶҲȽϽš
ϾҶƽĵͷϣһʲôӣӿɾȴҶƽˣΪ˱ǽһΪá
ͬ־Ҳûټ֣ҶϳӿŵĳȺָ
Ҷڷͬ־ԣҲǳˣҶƽǸźһϡ
ղŸ˵Ǽ飬ԭֵ֧ġͬ־ʱعͶҶ˵Щͬ־˼뻹ǷŲþҵӦ÷ſǺ޵ڲſѵûˣΪԸ㣬ҶѸ㣬ǱܹҪãйزЭ
˵öԡҶ˷ͬ־ĻʱҲؽȷʵ
˵ʵڵģҵǲܿţΪһŵĻĳЩ˵޷õ֤ˣԺܶ˼Զ󿪷žҵ͸ҵҵԼʯʯҵ¢һ¶
ʵҶı£ҶҵһӣҲԸ飬ʲô¶ҶǾùŹе׶ҶܲԶһġ
ǶһҳɹҵԣǷǳҪģΪ˱ĸţΪԼܹԼ뷨Ҵ;ҵʹ֮Ϊ͹ĸǣҶòදһЩԽεؿԼС
ԣҵ˽лҲճˣԼҪʥʵ롣
˵ĽһЩǰҵչаգͬ־ʵ
˵ٷ֮ٵİգǰٷ֮ʮİջеġҶش飬ǵ϶ǲԸģǱ߶ȽңӶҳһŶˣ˵ʲôҵˣǼǮͿ˵ģøһĺûᡣ
Ҷ˵ȷʵʵ飬˵촬ҵȽϷڿˣǶ˹Ǳ߶ҶҲܹӾ˵⡣
˹ͳҶգȻǽͳĴ󲿷ȨǷҲܶ࣬ҲҪ֣ڶͺķ˴ľôĶ⾫ȥ㵽
ֵʱȵҶսǶʰ֮󣬶˹ľ𽥻ָҪȡͲôˡ
Ҷ¶Ҳϵúܼܵ˷ͬ־˵ʱ¶޷ǾҪõͬ־ֶ֧ѡ
Ͼ϶ڵڴֵӰ൱֮ͬ־Ҫʤһ
ҶľͻƵİϷ㶨˷֮󣬲Żȥ˵ͬ־Ȼֵˡ
ͬ־󣬾ͶҶ˵ȥɣܹǼҺǱͧŪٰ˼ҵĴûɲ֧㣬ʵ־ҵ˽л
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288 һҹ
Ѳڼ䣬ӵĹʾƣϵʱҲ仰һ仰侲۲죻ڶ仰סţ仰ӦҪҲáҪ侲侲侲ͷʵɣһ£Լ¡
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Уصͻľһλֶͬ־
ҶȻԲͬ־̬ͼƬУý嶼Ĭûжݽ˵ֻǽصīڷͬ־Ӳֶˡ
һҲҶҪ󣬱ϾҶҪͨýΪԼƣֵȦ棬˵Ǿ˽֪ȫûбҪͨСֶԼϾϰյ֪ΣϲȦ棬һҲûС
˵õģǽ쵼ȦӵĶʮŶˡ
͵ǴˣͷʢҶƽƷǱȽϿõģҲصһµ˼ΪҶҵĵϵա
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ǲˣѧߣҳҶƽ飬γ˸Ҳʡ˺ܶನۡ
Ե˰ܹסҶ˵һ䡣
ˣѾˡش
ģҲҪʡҶ˵ί߹أˡθҪëһӵ顣
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ҶͷȻҶƽ˵¶ӦþУȡʮĴԺ󣬽ֶΪʡλίίίʡ
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ȻˣҶƽɱǺġ
Ĳ˵һʡ쵼Ҫʡĸɲ϶Ҫϻ㱨УҶƽһ˵Ҫ־ܹ֣ҲίԱٻר֮Ȩº־Ϳˡ
϶ǵƯƯģҳëĻҲױץס˰ѱָġ
ǴһһǻάίԱȨģϾҶⷽҪԻٳǡ
ǵüӰѾСҶ˵Ǳ߶Ըһֻ߶ԼϷ
Ҷƽ˾ЦĴӪΪݷǰҶƽҲǺӰģ֮Ǳ߶ļλϵ÷ǳܣҪôһ飬Ȼûжϰ
ǷȥĻܻе⣬Ͼʱƫģ߶ҲǳַģǾȥζ֮ķͱˣԷͬ־ֻصھǵýϡ
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ǹϵͬѧѡҶҶƽôһ˵ԼҲе˼
ʵϣ˪֮䣬Ƿǳ׵ͬѧϵҪԭ˪ӱȽ񵭣ƺûⷽʶҶΪԼԭҲûиͱ㴰ֽԾֻôͬѧš
ѧУǱ߶ŵôˣҶƽѯʵ
ҶΪ飬Ǳ߶ȻǲȥѧˣҲһ⣬ȻܹѧˣҶƽúȥͨһ¡
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һʽѡشȥһ˶ѧУУһԵȻ˸Ūá
У쵼ҶƽҲͬѧӿ϶Ҫչ˵ģ޷ǾһѣΪüһЩҶרҵת˹ʾó
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ʵϣĺܶԱޣѡܣԴֻҪ⣬ܹ˳ͨǹԱ޵ĲţܵƾõˣҲڽΣϾҶ԰ҡ˵¶Ҳһ㡣
ʱ򣬺Ҷȥ˸Ȼ߶ıǷǳģһжźˣҶʦһӹʹϵ̸̸Ŀǰг;ַͱλʦƵʾܹϵʵʵѧǲࡣ
ԣ¶ͺͨˣҶҲ1991˵˰ݰݣһǱȽضȹˣսͱȽϴˣʥĽҲãǰҲãйҲãҪֵġ
ãԼȹ쵼˻ҪæµϾ˼ץСǴСץһץС
һ꿪ЩѾĬܾõĴϰգԸܵ˴ա˼뱣صĹԱҲʼնգÿصĹƲ
Ͽ̡Ҫȫ˴ۣѷ׷ţ֧̫ġϿƽǵļ䣬һ㹫ģμͷôһˮǲǰȫ
硱û˹ˣͬ־ȦзҪð۵ˡؼ˯ȥ
ΪǷƸ̣ǧһ࣬ЩߵۼҲͽȥո֣˵ôҪ飬˵㣿
һԪµ£ͬ־Ѳеȵأ·һϵейظĸ￪ŵҪ̸øĸ֮طԱͷϵĽ䶼ûˣȫԾԾ뵱ĸա
Ϸͬ־˵Ļأ塢չáֻ·һ·Ҫһ꣬ҡáֻм·ߣŻ㡢ӵ㡣˭Ҫıȫ·ߣϰղӦ˭ͻᱻ򵹡
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仰ôҶʱµĸܣҪ֪⼸꣬ҿһֱƽݱ䡱ģм¿˵⼸ңжʱȲĵӾ硶༭Ĺ¡оʡèܡͬ־˾дűʾԣèôƽݱˡ
һ׳ͬ־뵳Уݽ֮󣬵ݱƽݱ´쵼̸Ŀ˵Լʵһֱֱ֧ݵġ
Ӵڹ󣬽ϻεˣ˶˵硣
ݵСϰǣҲ׷׿ʼμӡǰࡱѧͣѧ裬ѧδ·ΪǽУϵ˴档
Ҷһ£ΪԼһģǱȽϳʵģĿŵøԶһЩҪڽһ굱Уơ


289 ķչ
ڹҶٿ˵һιίɲᣬԽҪ˰š
ʱ½½ģί͵ίҪɲѾ׷׾λһСļǴˡ
Ҷڻϣصǿʵķϰڹأĸ߿ƼҵЩȦƤ˾ʥ
ڻҲܵҶεɱҲûоʲô顣
ڴ˿طܹԼ֮⣬һɽҰ룬ҪʥҶеĸ߿Ƽ԰û嵽ʮʱ䣬ζ
ʥȡǡСᡱĸֽģܵͼίǻҶείǡίΣлείǡί᳣ΣǼ͹ίǣ⻹зסڡϼΣҲǵίίԱ
ίв֡ί칫ңί칫ҡᡢصί֯¾֣չĸ֣ڹ칫ңƼʹ¾֣°칫ңҵ֣ȫල֣Ͷʴٽ֣̾֡⾭¾֣֣ˮ֣Դ͹滮֣֣ᷢչ֣˿ںͼƻ֡װĻ֡ɼΰ칫ңŷð칫ҡĹй֣칫ңҵĿ칫ҡִҵٽ칫ҡ
ӴˣԱҲ½λί£ʽְԱһٶʮˣֵÿְ죬Ҳ߰˸˶ѡ
Ҷ⣬̫˷Ӱ칤Чʣʥո𲽣ÿ˶õֵĶᣬǱģܹʤιְԱҶҲ̾͸߳ȥʡռλðװ˷Ǯ
ڽʥķչҶ˴µķ򣬹ҵԴҵܵƾ߲ҵͽġɫʳƷء
̨֮лʣôһĿûмϣоƬҵҲûᵽ
ΪΣлȨҲǺܴģȻֱҶ
Ŀ̸УпԽ԰ļĿ󸽼ֵߵĳҵҲǹصֵĿҶ͵˵ΪʲôûоƬҵʵϻǻ״ĿǣϾû취ֶĵطᲢۣҪоƬҵеѣԺԿǡ
ɫʳƷǸʲô˼ίǻҲʵ
ɫʳƷ˼ǽʳƷҶ͵Щ⣬ʹ˸ȷ򵥵˵ǲũҩͻʵũ
ũҩͻʵĻׯڳ𣿡ηϼǸʮҵŮԣ۾ȥȽľ˵ͱȽϼˣũҲ߶ģûũҩͻʣׯڳò˵Ҳϲȥʲô˼ҾҶе뵱Ȼ˰ɣ
ǵҵҶĵһо˼ҵҲܺòͣ⣬һӾͿԿǰʡһЩҽԺ½ӵʳþ²˺жĻߣǶʳþ²˺ͷۡġк֢״ҽԺлжҲ˵²ϵĲũҩس굼жЩ߾ҽԺĿǰѻָ˽ܱũҩľ²ȫ٣𶾾²¼ũƷȫľӡ
˶˵Ҷͽ˵ǽʳũҩĹߣȾᡢʱһ㲻Ե֢״ͷʹͷ衢ġȱ֣ũҩȾءڵũҩ϶ʱԵĲʣ緦Ż¡кĻŵ߿ܳȫ鴤ԡ˥ߣ⣬ũҩһᵼһЩɭ֢Ѫܼ򲡵ȣҲ볤ڽӴũҩйءиԣӰ̥ķᵼ̥Ρ
ȻҶ˷ϼһۣ˵Ůͬ־ֹܵĽϵͳⷽӦøӹעһЩ
ϼˣ˵ͷû˵Ҷ˵úˣһʱ֮ҲûзӦ
ʱڣʵũҩȻҲڣǻԣҶⷽ⣬˽Ҳ㡣
ũҩԱʳһԸƻ״ũҩĺʹöʳƷǰȫģũҩĲʹûصʳƷȫ⡣Ҷ˵ձŷ޵ȷҺ͵ʳƷȫҪȾ⣬չйҵʳƷȫҪɻѧġжѧʶʳƷȾҹǳͻũҩӰʳƷȫ֮һرǸ߶ũҩ߲ϵĲ¼ʱзˮƽߣԱҪԺõĲѽģũҵҪṩũƷҪṩȫũƷ
һλھͱʾ⣬ҲһЩ飬ҹũҩʹôũҩʹÿԼ֣ɱɱݼֲڼɱɱȡũҩʳƷȫҪ棬һûϸũҩʹ÷Χʩҩ罫ˮɱ߲˾ͺΣաûϸհȫʹũҩũҩ꣬ũƷʩҩУΣԶ
ǰǽĳصĸسũҵģԶⷽȽ˽⣬ʱҶһ˵̾͸
ʥҪʣ˽߿Ƽ԰ڵǧȺڣҲܲܲˣҪΪҵһǰ;֮Ҷ˵ɽ߶ɽ࣬ɽ⣬ͨ㣬ɽҲʺһ־ֲ
ҶҪչҶֲ뵽Ҷ˼·
ǲҶֲҶص˵ͷ˵о߶ʺϲҶֲʥ治Ʋ֣пǹǧ˵Ĺ⣬ɫʳƷΪĿ꣬һ߱׼Ĳҵֲ԰
֮뵽Ϊϴθʥʱ򣬶ʦԼĲҶдеζҲ˽Ʋֲ٣ֻΪƽʱ࣬û·Դûʲô¡
ܹĿĻһһǷǳġ
ܰǧ˵ⰲ׵Ҳ˽ҶһĲϾǵĻƫܴͣ¸߿Ƽҵġ
ǴֹܵĸҵǶԾͷǳˡ
Ҷã·ʼһ⡣˵
ЩչõϣҲȽϸȤΪǸĵίǣͬʱҲƾصίǣȻԸɫֲôƾҲܹչĿ
ҶȻܹ˼ʵڻҲһ飬һµˣȻҲһЩ˼˵Ҫȥͨģ⣬ҵĿҪһЩ
ˣȽϸȤ۷׷ףⷢ
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290 ܾ
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һ·ϣܹȵʩ档
ģϰ̨֮࣬ƽ·ģ˾͸ˣˣô˾ۼƾϵͨϣ޷ǾΪһЩ·ƽ·޺á
һ·ҲҶֵĸ޽ĵһĿͶʴԼǧ򣬰һ·ı׼޽ġ
Ȼǧ򣬸òģǴӽ迪дĿ
˵λҲ򵥣Ҷžǡ·շѻҲ˵ʡҲãʡҲãҪ·ͨĻͱõշվɷˣ·ɡ
ʵϣԴ·շ·ģʽȫʢΪʽԴԵط·ĻԻߣ·򾭼õĿٷչ
Ȼ˵ܶշѹ·޳ܵسշѣͳ˴ȵļʮҲֹͣշѣǲô˵·ȷʵٽ˾÷չһ޷ϵġ
·޳ɵĻԽ˵ڳ棬Щп˵
Դ˵ĸдǺģƾظʱԵЩͷ£һҲûǣʱҶȻһ·˴ҵǰ¾ܹͨĹףû˵һﻰȷʵѵһĺøɲ
ֻΪܹͬҶѣǴǺҶֶεģȻ˵ҶҵĵһЩԼʱ򣬵ܹı佭ɽƶòⶼһ¡
ڸʻλϵСˣͻعͷ˵·ƾغ质ľãѸٷչġ
΢΢ףǱȻ顣
质һЩöģЩ˳ȥĶ˽һһܹЧ棬质յòҲ˶ı䣬󴦽ʡľö˶ߺüٷֵ㡣
СȻ˵㿴ͼƬϷԵˣǲҶΣ
ţڱĿĻˣ۾ͼС⽫һݱֽ˹
ùһȻͼֽкܶัͼƬǷͬ־ѲӲʱģһӲ콨蹤صͼƬϣҶվڷϵߣһ࣬ƺǹϵܵӡ
ʣ϶Ҷˡ
һ۾ܿȻҶֻǲ¶˰ǻúҲҲҶҶҵӵܣίҶƽĹӣпֳ棬˽ؽӴ
˵϶ҶҲǷǳصġ
ÿҶ˽һЩͶնľǳ⣬һ淴ҶΪУʵڲΪ
ǰʱʡ칫ǾʡҲǿԵնƾسίǵʱ򣬻ûʲô뷨ǸʱֻΪҶһӵܣлϰյģʱƣ;òôһ¶ˡ
ڿһǾնʡЩְĶ̫࣬ڹеʱ̫٣ȫûоΪһʡ֮κæζҲͰˣһ˴ѹ˷ǳֶΣ˸е޷ܡ
пܵĻϣԼûдӦնʲô
ֻҲȽϸӣԼҲǼģ治֪ԴˣնĻеĸоնĻеԲסԼ֪Ծ
е񡣡û˵ǣҲû˵ǣֻ˵
ͬ־һѲӰȥ껹ҪһЩ
ȥʱ򣬸߲㻹һЩͬȫµýһƬңˮ̣ͲͬˣϱýϿھȽͳһˡ
ⷽҲܹڴƽĸ￪ҵ߲Ѿһ¡
ĦζͲЩƾصľ÷չҲǷͷһ£ƾص㲻ãôĵίϣҲûжٹʣ
Ҷ˵ĽƾشΪɫֲص뷨ȻЩŽɣϻǱȽͬģϾҶ˻ɣǻǺεģϾ˼ҸӲֶٳûн˵顣
ƾܹʥĴһ𣬸ɫҶֲصĻ϶Ƿǳ˵ġ
Ͼʥǧ˿ڣ֧һɫҶֲأƾصϰգɾͲˡ
棬ʹһ⣬˼ҶǷԸƾصЩҶ
Ҷ˵Ҫ쾫ƷҶģһҪȡ߶ôҶһһ治ǺܴҪƾصϰҲôҲǰ״
ʱѾܹµҶģҲ֪ĸ֪նѹҶģȻѾ֪ô˼ҶƾʲôҪأ
һֵõ鰡
ĹȥˣôΪίǵĻ϶ǿԷֵһģĹȥˣƾصĹȴûнչôһ֪ô¶ˡ
ܵĳ֣ƾصĹãпܷչľ޴ĻֻͽЦϣùٳͬǿ֡
뷨Ͳܲһ£ǷҪҶһЩ
Ҷ£ƾصľôϸչ˳糵ôܹ㹻Ϊķչƽ·ĻҶȽϺڰġ
նҪҶ鷳ģԴǳԼϵģҲԼ뷨ܾʵʵնĿܣҪͻΧѡһԼǨ·ӡ
ʵͶҶңҪͶնǿˡ
ֻǻйҲеģҶԼͶЧ𣿶Լʲôʱ˼ҿأȥҲû⣬Щͷʹ
鷳飬ҪҶ̸һģҶȻ鶼ûп꣬˦ˣûеЩ㵣˵λĹίҲ̫˰ɣȫûһ֯
룬¶û˵ΪҶɣǾίҪЭ
¶ûеίȻеû¶Ҷȥ϶һЩ޴ӵ֪Ļģֻ뵽ľί׳ҶĶүү;Щۡ
˼Ҷҵʵ̫ǿ̫η
õҶ̸֮顣
ֻǻôҲû뵽ոջصƾسǵʱ˼ҶҶΣѾ˷Ī˹Ƶķɻȥ˹ˡ
ܹ֪ҶȥʲôģƸҪȵúϲ£ˡ


291 ·
ʵҶûȥίʱҲôҡ
ֱӵܻ˶˾ٽǰ˹͵սʻع顣
ٽ׳ɾ٣ҲҶҵĵϵ˽ӴصҶƽİ칫棬ҶƽίԱ潭ͬ־ίҲȽϷϳ
ͬ־һ¹شһҪźˡҶƽ
׳ģӱ֤񣡡ٽر֤Ҳǳ˼û뵽һξȻô󣬾ȻҪȥ˹սʣһһж
һжȷʵҲ˵ģӳĿĵأҪһµʱ䣬˳ĻҪһµʱ䣬һ֧ôƯ棬һ⣬ʽһ⣬ԱĿҲһ⡣
ȻǺһҪʲôֻǴ̬ӦǷǳҪĶ򲻻Ǿίֱһôء
ǻųö˹ƣʲô⡣ҶƽԵ˵Ŀĵ֮һжҶͬ־һжʹ
ǡ˵ͷش
һεķգӦò󣬲Ϊ˰ȫҪսʱ׼Ҫͬ־ǣ;⣬йطѾźˡҶԵ˵ǵĴڣʵֻһսȷܹѶ˳˻عڡȻˣ˵ӵĻԿǶһмֶΣҲϡ
ǣʹͬ־Ȼ֪ҶҶƽĶӣϣһʱ֮仹ҲʵĳƺԾͺʹͬ־ˡ
ʵԶʱǵһλģϡˮʳ﷽ĲȵȣսԱսҲǱȽϴġ
ʵô;İ棬ں֮ҲûйΡ
شӶĽǶҲһѵõĻᣬҪ֪ھѽţǺǮľ֣ܹõʵսĿԸСһ㶼ڽѣԶŵĻһҪǹӰ죬һǻ̫ԭˡ
ҶЦЦǺܿͻһ·ȷɵĪ˹ȥһЩ飬ʱ򱣳ǡ
ǡٽͷ
¶ƺЩ֣˵ֻǽӶĻһȥˣǴҶı¶ӦûһЩĻģֻΪˣԷΪְʵǾԲʵġ
׼һ£ҪԴǰλ֮ǰʲô⣬ֱұ档Ҷƽʾ
ǣ׳ٽӦ֮󣬾ʵϾǱ߶ǷѾյ֪ͨ
Ͼ˾ԱҶƽĴҶӽϽ
Ѿӵ֪ͨˣ㲻ᡣҶƽʾ
ٽӵ֮󣬾ʹҴҸϻؽȥˣҪһЩǰڵ׼һ֧ǲӣҵ𽢣һҾԶ̺˴ĳ涯ǱͧڵӴ󽢶ӡ
ʵӾֱǲϺӸһЩһƫƫǲִȴҲһǵġ
սĿǶԳȺγɶƣǣƵзһͬʱӺ縺Ŷձ̫ƽߵϮ񡣴ӵԵϿһͬʱҲƺΪӵĵһߣҲΪͻĵһҪǱߣǣڳı̨
ӵҪҲȽӣҪǱִͧͧˮ潢ͧɣͬʱԺӼбγɶԶĶơǣ
ͳǱͧԣ󽢶ǱͧʵǿĽӡ
ǿӵǱͧʵ붫ӷڵ̨庣Ͽˮصйء
Ϊ̨庣Ͽխ½ػںͽ̵ĸ֮£ˮ潢ͧĻúǳˮˮµı󣬲ڷǱǱͧĻ
Ϊⷽԭ⽫ŪĺǱͧӷʹãҲǲһʵ
ȻˣҪһ㣬Ҷ齫ԷļԱŪһ˸߲ӣҶϻǮЩˣȻû˻ᷴԣڸ߲ڲڶҶھҵ˽лĽۣ´пͨ
һҶⷽĻѡĺǶӣΪӲڴҶӽֱӹϽ֮£ͬʱҲʺǱͧսһ֧ӡ
ߺҶƽ͹еҶһΣմ󲻴󣿡
ʵҶðյҶƽǺͬģ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪飬൱ڻڰˣһСģͻ̽ľأһӴʧܣҲܳ飬ϵҲп˶һЩ仯
ĿǰĶ˹ԣڹ͹û̫ĺøУ󲿷ΪĸֵޣŶԼ·Ĺ͹Ҳкฺܶӡ
ҶһԶ˹߻ô飬νΣء
ʵҲûкܶķգȻһױԼİ취ҶԴ˵ûʲôηı֣ʵ֮ԿգΪѾ˱Ƚϴİգܹɴ¡
УĻȷʵǿͨ˸񲪽ðŵİԼԪ£УѾʴ൱ǰ߲㽫졣
Ԫλ۾ĽǣʱΪУ飬˵óʲôģ
ңһε飬ʵֻΪУҪŪһЩѺϽȥ׬ǮѣⱾʲô顣
Ķ˹ν⻼ҵĶӶﻹ˼ȥʲôѾõĳ¾װ
˵ѾͣˣǶڼԵֻ֪ЩҲͱУԪ
֮һжҪСˣ˹ڹڡҶƽ֪ӵܼᶨҲû˵ʲôĻϾ¶˾ί߲Լͬ־׿ϣһ׳ͬ־Ҳͷ֧ˣҶүҲ÷Եġ
ʵϣҶүӶҶļƻҲֵ֧ģ¶Բһ
֮󣬶ӵһ֧ӳˣͬʱԺһϢӦ˹룬ӱӳö˹;ҲһЩҽѺ÷ʡ
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֮ܶƶΪ飬һЩ仯
ڶӳ󲻾ãҶҲĶɻֱĪ˹ơ
һȥҪһµӣҪŶӽеĶܷ֮ķ̣ڼ䣬ҲҪܶ飬һ͵˺Ǳͧ⣬ͬʱҲڶ˹ڲ־ӶƵ顣
˹ľƶ¬ȻڼţǹҲֲ˶ãʱ֣ʱ
ϾΪǱͧ飬Ҷֻȥӣ취ֲһˣܵëϲС


292 ѩµĪ˹
Ī˹ƵĴıȽҶ·ɻ͸ܵ˿е
һĪ˹ƣһЩͬؼûӻ
ʱڣȻ˵˹鱨ΪڶҲϣΪҶ˵ҪСĽ鷳
Ψһֵø˵ģԶ˹Ĺ˷ǳ࣬Ī˹ƣҲԵ̫ͻأ
ͬȥҶͬҶƽȣյĪ˹ƽͷԵøˡ
ȥˡ819¼֮󣬹ԪˣΣķ
󣬸ǷȻָͳְ񣬵ְȨȥչְ񲢽ɢִ74
չĿ̨ӿḶ̌1990314˹͹ΪȨҡ
־Ҷطѡ޳ɺͷάƵȺͷмᣬԼšں쳡Եʷǰÿ춼ۼŲͬ۵ȺڣԵıۡʱУֳɷá
ʱľͬϾƷѷгӦţʳƷųӵ˾ռߡ
ڹҴ״̬ǵ͹򱻴ң֪ԼĹҽж˹ǽʹŵĹԱ˵Լפפ˹⽻١
յεʹҪݽ飬ȴͶţЩЦʵǰʵ
ҶͬǷϸ˸ϵĴְ˰ťƽʹְĴ⡣ҶմӦǷݽṩһһסլСγ;Ա
1225հ7ʱǷڵְ̨
Ͻʱ̬࣬أԼĻдмԸȥͳְ񣬵ǿ1985괺쿪ʼĸȷġĸʹǵõϺ;ϵĽš
ͬʱϣĸﳢ⵽ʧܡ
ӽ֮󣬿ķֹ콵£˹ɫ
ҶеźûĪ˹Ƽ֤һʷʱ̣ҲֻһѣϾǸʱĪ˹ƽͷ൱ңһкΣա
ҶĪ˹ƾƵ֮󲻾ã͵ˡ
٣úÿ찡ҶһЩп
ˣӦ𣿡Ҷ˱ʾοʡ
Ӧ״̬ܵĳʵ̫ˡشû뵽ôһңôͿˡֱڣһеʵ
⣬ѾãⲻǻѾõıѡҶشܻôһġ
ȷʵˡǰкͷʾ
˹ľ״ΣҶѯʵ
˵ǲ˼㡭ش
˽˹ӵ沿ʵѱĪ˹Ƶַ3ûзнˮʳƷӦҲ΢΢
100ҺǱͧͣʧ޵ĻͷϣͧʹùĺȼϰķָڡǱͧǱ˵ά״Ķʮ½ϵͳǰλĺͺܣǴĸǺȾвھ¹棬Ҳڶ⡣ҶܵһЩ߾ϵͳӦõĹؽҲΪ˽ӵĿꡣS300յϵͳлƽ𼰰׽ɷֵĵ·壬ԶʧԡڶӵάǱͧأһˮսԺǱͧ˷ӦѿǱ24߲ߣʱļ۸Ϊ1000¬
˽簲ȫвҲöս˺
-27սϵһЩԪʧԣ¶Զһʧȥս
ڶӪĿŵص̷ǲġ
ڱľ뾡֣ҪҲͨ͵š
Ī˹ƾűվصһλУͬʿͼ2Ԫ-27սϵľܶλǼʶϵͳʱץš˵ȻͳĹעǾ߲㽫֮
˵ڶ˹ӳ˷ǷԴͷǰŷ޹ң˾޴ĺڶڳʧǧ
һγս󣬶ڳ˼ֵ12¬;ʡפ߼Ķװȥ˽502500װ׳350ܷɻԼҩ
۸ǳˣTTǹͻǹÿ֧30ԪAKǹÿ֧100ԪF-1ÿö10Ԫھнˮʹı£ܶ˶͵¸͵ҪģԲУǳ𱬡
ϣľǰΪʱߣŷģսģʽĴ󲿷ڶµսҲ򵥣ʹöܷ㡣
һҪԭǣȱԼҵ۵öࡣ
սʱڣΪʮֵܹӦЩ˸ڲȨᡢѪսĹߡ
AKǹ壬ЯʽյԼװ׳
ȻˣЯʽ˵ͺǱͧʲôģҲǿԽ׵ģһ˳Ǹ룬ȥҲûдôǿֲӵĻҪ˵ʲôôǧּĺ˵˵ǼߣôûУҲǿֲƻʲôıȽϺһЩ
˵Ǳͧ죬ҲһֻӲܿóɣҪ˵һ˷ӦѳĻй©Ƿǳص⡣
Ҳļ˴Ӧֶ
ҪĶ㶨𣿡Ҷĵ⡣
һιҪѺǱͧȥģ˵ЩϵĺǱͧǲżþȥҲû˻ȥⶼ󣬶ǣʽҲ޵úܣƼԪ͸㶨ˡ
ûĺǱͧźһĺǱͧȴҪضԴġ
Ѿϵˣٿطܵʹö˹ˣδôġʾһ̶ȵĵġ
Ҫ飬Ҫǵľǰȫ⣬òᵽ⡣
ʵ׵ġҶԴȴкֵܳʶһֵڵǱͧʵǱͧһУ󲿷ֶ࣬ѾӵǱͧԱǽ봬ڶԷļԱָ£ҺǱͧȥ
˶ƬļӺƵѵ
˷ˣ鷳ʹˣЩ϶ҪΧ׷½صġ
£ѾίƶȫļƻҶгرʾҪģӵһ֧Ѿڼǰˣʮ󽫻ִԤλãǻϣ
жٴˣҲеЩܡ
ҵ𽢣һҾԶ̺˴ĳ涯ǱͧʲôģҾͲǺˡҶش
УһС̶ˡһ
ؼģʵںµǱͧǲͷϷԶ̺˴Ǳͧǳ涯ģʲôֱأ


293 һļ
ȻӶˣôһε飬һҪˣû˰пһ֮󣬾Щûʧ
ҶʱЦˣҪǶˣҲҶǰͷ
Ȼô˵ҶΪۣܶһιҲģӺǱ֮ͧһ¬ֵ£չ˹ԴҵǺͷϷ
ЪһЪȥУϵˣȡͿԹȥҶ˵
šҶ˵ͷҲȷʵеһ˿ƣ
Ҫæܶ࣬Ȼ˵ãѹǱȽϴģԶ˯ߵҪҲȽϸߡ
֮ҶЩ˼ѬϢˡ
ҹʱҶеһ˿⣬ѹʱ򣬾ͷЩ䣬ԭĹů֪ʲôʱͣˣӵºܵͣ´е˶ԣȷʵЩܡ
ҶԼָһ㱻ӣż˯˹ȥ
ǹ𣬻һЩֵһֻ۵ʱ򣬾ͼ͸صĴɴԼԿԶĳ⡣
Ī˹ƣȷʵȰ
һȴ˯ʮӣͬһЩٱǣɢסڲͬĵطԸҶ֮䲢ûʲôֱӵϵǵͨѶƿصģҲΪ˸õرҶ
˹ĹҰȫȻһҲһĻңȻСԾҶİȫǳģһЩš
Ҷϴϣù֮ûйҶͷƵṩһЩкܶݣǹȥ819¼
Ȼܶ඼İ棬žΪÿ˽¼ɡ
ҶеģƪʵȻǻдģǵʱһλפߡ
1991819峿糤æ˯еļǺᣬ˵;绰֪Ƿ򡰿վˣ״̬ίԱᡱʼʹȨ֮Ѹٷ˲ɷ5Ӻ󣬴ҸʻһĪ˹ķ򿪡
ûǵĳ1Ϳǰͣһװ׳ʿľÿ³ڳľ٣ΪҪĪ˹ƣ
λֻ˵һִ֮תͷȥûǡ
ǵĳķʻʱֵ鷢ˣһ·ûмκξҲټ
ȵ쳡ʱһƽ·Ѿʱ˹ϵ˼ˣǴεģ˵ûϢҲ֪״̬Ϊ
ӺǸϵάڵذ׹һ
ȥѯʰ׹ŵľ־Ȼ˯˵ʲôҲ֪½˾͹ؼصҲǳƽ
ָϵķֹʱʮװͳѾˣӡÿװ׳ϵľȫɫĸдֽס
кܶϰճ˳һΧסϵϵʿһŸסŵĸдֽҲܿ챻£ӵضǣǳҡ
䲿ӵľж裬ʱһСγȴȻԵõʻ˰׹֪⾹Ҷյĳӡ
ʱǾ͸е֣Ȼ䣬ðҶץôؿ߽׹Ȼ֯Լķأ
֮쳡ϵﴫԶ˹ͳҶաͳ³Ŀ鳤˹зҮ巢񷴶Ծ䣬Ȩ
820峿ͼ־ͷҲǰ׹빲͹Ĵʹ֮䣬ѱ·Ϸס·7ٷӦĦʦT-72̹ˡ
ͨ쳡ķֹ㳡·ڶѱӷ쳡ϳڱ˺;ס100Ī˹ƺͷͣ7T-80̹ˣеҩ͹޳һ
Ǿ͸оͷѾ̫ˣ⿴䣬ȴڱҶա
̹ڿڲָҶհ칫ҵķ򣬶෴ķ
̹ϲǺɫ죬Ӻ죬̹ϵʿô£
ʿ߼ǣϣбٽѾǸˣֻЧҶա
һŮʦ̹߼˵10㣬ҮУ5̹ͶҶߡ6㣬ʦ50սꡣ
ż˼̹˱Ƕ֤ʵ
ڰ׹ܣ̹ͣˡʮսװ׳;ÿ
ЩʿĪ˹ƵĹ̹ϲţ˵ЦǴʿľ£ʻ̹˵ڿϡ
߸̡͹װơƣǸʱܺϹװơѵõˡ
һСӿߣʹżϿ׹Χǽıϣ׹涼ԺѵСɽһЩڶൣİ׹񣬸Χǽӵģɴ˿ɼһߡ
ڸ߶ֵĪ˹¥ǰǽ͵߸ϵź١ڰչֱ̨ĴͱҲɢӵꡢǴ״̬ίԱȴš
ϣ㳡ϣֻһͿ͵Ӫҵ˿˶׳ĶӣʳƷ˿Ҳƽʱ࣬δֵ̿Ǵۺͼ
21ʱĵУվβΪӵҥƼתֱ£䲿ӳפء
ֵļΪһͬڵԤ෴òǷҪڷ塣
ǾѸȷعڣΪǼֳ۲쵽ʵӦʵأη壬Ӧ
һ¼֮󣬼Ҳһ˽⵽ҲᵽչѾɥʧִ˸״̬ίԱᣬ߲ﶼ棬жȴʧܶգ˵˾ǵȨ֪ôҲǸпǧ
ҶЩʵ֮ҲЩ֣֪ЩôĪ˹ƾƵеϵģѵ˵߶Ҳᶨļˣ
һֿԣӦûеģҪ֪ǣפƽʱӴĶҪһЩܵⲿӰ죬Ϸҡͷֵעġ
˳˸ӣԼĸ룬ȥ֮øҶүӿһ
ȻһС¶Ӱ컹ǺܴģҶбҪȥүһ£һӦô㣬ҪһģеʱڸʵûʲôôΪһ౻֮󣬺ȻҴˣôɵĺܻǷǳصġ
ҶʼΪϣڸ͵෴ؿԴΪһģۣܽʧܵԭΪڵľƸĸƸĸｨײߣӦһ¶
ڹڸ߲ĳЩǲ׵ģеʱˣڲַҲ㣬Ǹױã˹͹
ϢĲ͸ԼȡϢĲͨȻڶʱ֮Ūڣ˴ĲӰҲǷǳġ
Ҷһİ־ûз꣬Ѿˡ


294 
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Ҫȥһ߻أҪСʱҡҶ͵ϵʱǻԭվܲıҮ棬̸һ̸ļ۸񡣡
ôҮʲô·Ҷʵ
󽫾ΣΪ˱Ƚ̰Ȼڶ˹ҪְѾӣԵˣҪζҵĻᣬƣȡ񡣡ܵ
óɣҶʵ
һѶȣԿɹѡĿռҲȽխͷ϶
ڶ˹ȽϻңǶھĸ߼컹ǱȽӵģԽʱ򣬾ԽץǵĿƣһдԪ˧ܵ˵жԹҵĻô˹ŵĴ޷ġ
ȻΪҾѣѷӰ죬Ϊ󽫵ҮҲĽͰ͵ģҲҪҵͦԪһԼ
Ҷһڶ˹ֱɻ򱱷Сʱ֮ڵһ߶ľ»أͨһϵа֮󣬾ͽ˻ڲ
һں߶ɽʯҶ֮еӴ»أڴÿֱӽȥڽӦߵİ£Сͧ˶еˮԼʮҲ˰һĽݺڵĿĵء
߶˹ľƶȣҶǺֻǿܸܱȽϸӣʽҲǳǴӾǰѫܿ߶ļλٶǻϱˡ
ͨ˼ȫ֮Ҷͼ˲У
ҶĺܸˡУе⣬Ҷ쿪˫ۣһӵ
ҲһװĲءҶԲУҲе飬ϾλѡΪԼعʾгˣǲУĴڣҲŪǰıЯʽ˵Ҫ˵ϻȡԪĸ߶ر
Ҷƣȵ겼˦ֲ֮ǰԼܹöʮԪҵֽߵȼ˵鱦ʯƽӲͨ
οͨУҶӶ˹߶ܹҪǱͧǸеİϵеĻ޷ýǮˡ
˺һӣҶ˳ʺ˲У˾ðŵ򽫾
װĲأðŵ򽫾ɺãҶʵ
ܺãڳͳĹҰȫʡУشԵ÷ǳġ
Ȼ˵ҶкܶҰȫʣͷζĻپ֤ðŵ򽫾ȨѾһĵλĿ˸񲪽Ķ˹Ȩ
ҶԴҲЩǣһðŵ򽫾һͶҶյĻԼⷷ˹飬᲻ܵʲôӰ죿
УҶĹǣ͵˵ҶҪģʵͳ͹˲Ϸ˾飬Ҫͷʹǳࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷЩŽɡ
ʼĶ˹ݿƷʵʩ
ڷſۺ󣬶˹гûгͳǵŵĻܳʵȶĽ˹˿Ȼͨ͡ǡʧҵӡᶯҵľֻǲδܴеõҸҲδܴглʵݡ
ǣϽͷҶռֵ֧ĸǴʾ顣
Щǰˣǰˣ˵ӣҶյʵӵߡ
ʱȨڣΧžøĸķ˭ӵϵȨۡʹҶյѿʼַַֻֻͳΪһΪһȨȨصȨ֮
Ȩ֮ĵһغʼڡݿƷʱڣڵ˴ϴﵽ߳˫ЭڸΣա
ڡݿƷߵʱڣΪҶյѡͳº͵ĸͳ³Ŀ顣ݿƷʵʩ󲻾ãͳ㹫ͳѣʵоý״̬۵Ĳǡ
ͳй֮鳤˹зΪάȡȨܵͳֵ֧ᣬҪļල֮¡ͬʱΪѧҵ鳤ھĵоĻϣҪĸĸƻɲ
ʱҶջӵߵָˣܶ쵼еѵ֮Ϊ˹Ҿã˽Ϊг÷棬ȶᣬȷʱƷ棬ͳҪԼͬ۹á
ΪƽϢ֮ĲͣҶղȡ˶ʩķ
ڷֱ³Ŀ͹˹зл̸øͳũҵ͸ز»󣬽鳤ǿ֧ߵδʹɴֻ˹з
ͳͷ۵Ǿ⣬ʵϣڷ˾飬ȫȻ֪УζضҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ҷλеģ̯ӣȷʵҲֻͷķݶ߷һ֮Ҫ볹Ťת־棬Ҫʱе
˵ڶ˹ٵĸѣֻ˵Ǹĸ޷ġʹˡ
ȻˣġʹʲôʱܹȻһƬãȻǲһԶ֪ǻʲôʱ併
Ҫϲðŵ򽫾ˣϣһ죬ܹҹʱһʢҶЦűʾ
ֻҪǶԼĴûӰ죬ðŵǵ˶˹ͳҲʲô¶
ȻˣҶ֪ûеͳģ˵ðŵ򽫾ޣǴҲҶ͵֣͡Ŀ˸عվҶص㷢ĽӰˡ
һתҶʢ룬Żôһ졣Уʾ
ʵϣ˹ʱû񹲺͹£˼Ƕ˹֮ĹϵҲеô
ҶȫΪеһԱļȵ漯ôܷŹ˹ôһ⣬ƽȹôһζΣʱڣ
ǲģҲϸŵģһеĶ˹Ǿȡǰʮܶĳɹ
ö˹һ겻Ϊңŷ˵ĳԶ档
Ϊһ㣬Ҹ˹ҩͲôصˣҶҲеﻢ£֪δ̯ӣֻмϣ˵֧֡
Ҳһ㣬ƺûп˾ȫԸ͹Ҳּͬۻ۵ĳ롣
ðŵ򽫾ΪҰȫʣҶո͹ܽӴǺпܳеġ
̸˼֮󣬾д˼ٵĽŲ
װĲأĿѾ𣿡һ˹Ȼ˵ҲǺɵҶһ
ȵԷƿ˴֮󣬾ͼһλĸߴ󣬳ǳӢ˧磬ش˽
ҶϸȥʹļϿ˳λԼҪ˹߲㣬Ү󽫡


295 Ϊˡʺƽ
Ŀǰ۴󽫹12ˣй8ˣֱΪһװܲı½˾װڲܲı鱨ܾ־ֳ˾վ˾Զ˾ºЭıı
˹ǿд4ȫ־ֳ񲿸˾ֽ־ֳ
սʱڣȻɹ涨Ҫ˾ڴ󽫾Σվһֱûִһ涨Զվ˾߾ֻϽ
Ҷע⵽λ߽Ү󽫣ĿŽǡ
˹֮󣬻ǰԭվһЩα־Ļˡ
ԭһȽ󽫾ͼΪһŴǣԪ˧ļͼ֣;Ԫ˧ͼƣҴҲԪ˧ǣҲΪҲӦԪ˧Ρ
Ԫ˧Ȩȵϰ߲ͬԪ˧衰Ԫ˧ǡ֤¡
֡Ԫ˧ǡһöڲʯ˿練ھϵ֤ͬ¡Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ġԪ˧ǡֱԴ˧Ԫ˧ͺϳɾ󽫵Ԫ˧֤£ͨ練ɫȥ֡
ǰƬΪڰգټϷֱʲߣʱ׾ͰԪ˧
ڣ˹ְ֮ѾθˣҶȥһĿȻĿŽǿڼϷǳĿһǴ󽫡
Ҷվλǰվ󽫣Ķ˹󽫣ܲı鱨ܾ־ֳҮ󽫣Ӧñʾһľġ
ͷȻûиսȴҲǰľԱ֮һ
Ȼͬ־Ҷĵǳעһ֮󣬾Ц˹Ҷ֣ҡҡȻ˵εˣ˵
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱЩĸоôλǰվ󽫣ȻһڵľƬӣһ˵ͦģǲУŪȺԱɣ
Ҷһɻ󣬲Уͽ͵Үͬ־ǺרңվϵйͨμӹǹҵĿԮйࡣ
ŶԭйˣʧʧҶˣĿһƳ΢΢ͷŻȻ˵ô˵ǵڶκˡ
ҮЦ˵ܱȶԿãƽ⣬սֻΪ׷ƽֶΡ
Ҷ˵λ󽫹Ȼ˵ܻ쵽λϵģй˻ˣûһʡ͵ĵơ
ͽҮĻͷ˵ͬ־˵òսֻΪ׷ƽֶΣ׷ƽĹߡ
˵òҮ󽫱ҶһЩӦĸоʱ˵Ļɵ۾һϸؿ˿Ȼŵͷ˵ӭҶ˹ǿϸ̸һ̸άƽĻ⡣
ǳҡҶͷͬ
һ߶ǵĶԻһøζƵģȻû뵽һһ⣬һһ٣һһȻô޳ܵؽ˾ֹάƽĻϵһ𣬶ҶʾһȻνı飬ﵽҪͷײǽĵز
Ȼ˫Ѿ̽ˣҶҲͲˣ˵Щ̭ķҪ˻ȥһЩʹӣ֪ͬ־ǷԸӣ
ڲ˺˹Ұȫǰ£ҶɣҷȫԽܵġҮ󽫱ʾ
ЩȽǵĳ;䣬ҿǺ˵ĻѻСܶࡣҶһҪ
ҮüͷȻˣѶҲܴ󣬺·һֱܲƽδؾܹôװѻ˳ȥ
䷽棬ǾǵˣֻҪѻ˳һٺ֮ͿԽǵ˵ϡҶһʾ
ȻһĿɲԣҪϸؿһ¡ҮԼ°ͣҶ˵
һһ𣬲ж֮һʮֿҲԣָ˺ŴҲԡҶûиҮ̫Ŀʱ䣬ֱӾͶԼļ롣
Ү֮಻سһ¡
ں뱨ϵѾжҲҶļ۸㣬ԼһǧԪĽˣ϶˽˵Ү󽫵ȻȽ϶ġ
1992һǧԪ൱ֵǮģ㹻λʧƵĴ󽫰ˡ
ȻˣҮҲǺô򷢵ģ̰Ѽ۸һǧԪ뺣ָ˻
۸еˣҵԤڡҶüͷάƽȻҪҲԼƲһǧ򡣡
һǧ˰̸ҪάƽܵóҪȻô㣿Ү󽫰һڵ
ͷȻʮˣٲȻͶ֮ţһһǵǰվ󽫡
һǧİ򣬲ٶˡҶɱۡ
һǧ򣬲ˡҮ󽫵̬ȷǳƺ̸£ߵӡ
һǧ򣬲ҶҲʾ˲ˣʺƽƨ£
ðɣΪ˹ʺƽҮһ۵ӣڴӦˡ
Ȼ̸ˣҶͿʼͷ̸˽˸ˣҴֱʵظͷһֳΪ
ҶȻˬˣҶүӵĵҮ󽫿˻̵ʱޱȻ
ͬʱͷҶĸйҲ˺ܴı䣬һµ˰һǧ𶼲ĺ˼һ𰡣
еİȫ⣬˹ڵġҶ⡣
õģ豸ĲѵһְˣһҼͨĵרڲҲǸŴߣȻ͵֮ǻҮã¾ͱʾ
ʵϣ˹ڵܲùרǼҲûǹɳĻƻǳ˵ģȿΪʡǮܹ׬죬ֶΪ
Ϣһȥ֮󣬻кܶݶġ
öλרңʵʲ۷ĶҪУһ˹ϣҲӦϾЩǾɴҲߡҶʾ
ٺ١Үӣûд𻰡
ʵϣźһĺǱͧȷʵãճã͸ԷǱͧײˣ˫˫˴޷̣ôһʽǱͧȻᱻΪǺеĻײģͺźܴܲ⼸ǰ۵ĺǱͧʵûö೤ʱ䣬Ͼڿⷿŵġ
ô˵Ү˻ǱȽϺô򷢵ģҲĴЩϵ˵Ҷͳд˼ǰۣؼȥ
ȻλҲסˣôͬ־ȻҪΪԼδѰҳ·ܵԪûģڱֵһ¬ͬ־ûжġ
άʺƽ£ҮͬҶĵһκڴɡ


296 ޵
ҮˣȽһЩʵǸͬڵľˣ˭Ҳû뵽һȻܹϴ󽫣ֻнľζУҶ˵
Ү̸֮󣬾ѾȻ뿪ˡ
ݱȽУܳʱͣڻ߶飬ȻмǲУҲǱȽϷĵĺߡ
֮ǰļκУҮ󽫸У֮Ѿ˻ţһεȻ漰ܴ󣬿ȴ漰˺ǱͧеװԱСһЩС
ؼ⣬һ漰ĺǱͧҮѾ˵ģøϽһǮһǧԪȫĿڴС
ȥµ˷һ֮⣬ҮҪ̵һǧԪϣǰڽлõЩôҲʲǧԪϵĸˡ
ʵҲ˵жô̰ǰȻҲþ߼ݣȡ˺ܶ棬ǰĽ壬ЩʵڵĶɢˣͷ;ԼþˣټͳðҮ󽫾Ҫı·ٵԼ֮С
УǱðŵ򽫾ܸҮ󽫵ģһļϣ˼⣬оܲԲһεĴ⡣
Ҫ֪һεʽ˵ʵҲͨҮ󽫸ġ
𣿡ҶЩʵ
ǰڻѵʱҮ󽫾һΨΨŵŵӣûʲôͻı֣ȡЦȻ˺ͨǰ˴󽫾ΣõԪ˧֤£˸е˼УȻҲðŵ򽫾˵¶ԱȽһЩʱʱҮǶˣҲû뵽һҵˣȻ󽫡
Ӧļ󡣡ҶˣЦҼǵãǵ쵼ˣͬ־ƺҲôһˣҲչ𣿡
ǰĵ棬ְλǸƣֻһְߵȨ
˵ǰ쵼˲λҲһˡ
ȻμӹսٽΣʵһֱǴιģսʼչǣ˹ʶ
ڵʱչίԱУǱΪˣ˭вҲΡǫ顱رʾԼûĲܣûҰġˣȨУֻ
196410£չ˹Ϳ˸񲪸лƽıѺ³̨ʱҪڶȼٵĺ³绰µòһʹȥǿӲ绰ǰ
˵³֪Ϣʱһ˵ѵĻֲ˵ȫˣ³ͳͳǹеġ
³̨˹лƽΪλ뽩֣ΪܾˣֻչȫƾٲΪ쵼ˣּչ˹ϯܷίԱϯ
ʱУǸ
ÿξֿشʱ龭ҲܵԱ
ΪԼġšϧͬ˵쵼ҪţǰæɣҪͬ£ԼȺڴϽĳһʱͷվƣԴȺںȲʡ
ȻƽӹĲڼڲɫؼлƽ˵ĵչǵĴλ
̨꣬Ƚǿ쵼쵼ȶʮ𲽰Լεɡɵ˽ӣ͹⽻
1971꣬μ۵ھŸƻָ꣬ǩ𹫲֡Ƭ¼ֱͳƣ1971ԺڱϳֵĴѳ
ʱѸı˹ȥ𡢲¸ڹͬμشһ˹ۿվеġάɡϰϰӣܽὲھеӰ졣
1976꣬70죬δָӹһս۵ϯԪ˧Ρ
첪Ԫ˧ָԼԪ˧£ԵȺףص˸߲ҵ˵ǣƣҰһ죡
仰ζģڴ֮ǰҰĲлƽżսĲ¸ڣܿ˿𣬻ˡԪ˧һ
12ġ쵼ڶȨڿ˦Ӵһˡ
19776£άϯϯѾͽļ쵼ս塣ˣڳΪԡ
ͬ־ǺвܵġУ˵ͷͳڼ䣬Ĺǿʢ˶㡣
ӦǸĴˣ޵
ĪЦ࣬á
ڼ䣬õԷչԭȴΪʱʱʯʹ40%Ĵ
Ϊ˴㣬ԽһƷ
ΪʯͳڣʵҲʯͳϡ
Ϊҵ֣ͼ۴ľѩϼ˪ڱˡ
ڣҶҪǰĺǱ֮ͧ⣬Ҫıڵʯ͵Դҵгݶ
ţҮͬ־Ӧÿںܶ෽棬ΪṩҶԲУ˵ȻͱʾԼʯԴܸȤ뷨
УԴ˲ǺܸȤðվ񣬶Ϊʯ͵⣬ҲǰǶʯͲҵһЩģҲʯͲҵĳ˽лһǽ
ӦÿһЩãֻҪ㹻ĳ롣УҶ˵ðŵ򽫾ҲܹһЩ
ҶͷðŵΪͳĹҰȫʣⷽҲӦһĻȨǶĹҵӰӦñȽϴһЩ
ʵչ飬ҶĵĲ࣬Ϊ˵£˹ȫƽ˽лʯͲҵҲеͷϷûɵΪ˼鷳õ֧֣ҲǱҪġ
ھ»Ϣһϣڶһ磬Ҷڻظ˵ͬ£鿴ҪյǼҺǱͧ
Ѿжķϣίлߣ⼸ĺǱͧܵˮȥȻǵ˸͵һٺ֮⣬ǵ˽աظ˽ܵȻˣйԱѵ⣬ӽͿԿʼ
ܺáҶͷʾ⣬Ȼ˵ǾȥǵĴɣ
Ըظ˵ͷʾ
ҵĴҲ̫˰ɣСʱ֮ĳ˾ͷ˾


297 Ȼʮң
ҶߵУҿõĺǱͧͷǺܴ󣬿ӦˮϣֻȷʵЩҲ̶ãǿĿĺۼЩطƤˣ˰߲⼣
˵ѺϽǵĺǱͧ𣿡Ҷ̱ʾزôĺǱͧô⣬磿ӵĻˡֱԣ׮޷ɺˡ
ͬӲЩǱͧĸ̾ͽ͵ҶˣʵЩǱжĺǱͧԿҵһЩЩƤ⼣ʵαװɫ
ӦñжĺǱͧҶˣʱ£Ǿ׷еԵʡ
ԭҶǼǰ˵ĺǱͧʵڲǲģԭ򣬾Ϊʱ߲Ϊ˶ҪǱͧԲΪؽЩǱͧˣòҵһЩͨ롣
Ϊԭ˹һкǱͧһٶң˵ҲǺ˵ģ⻹ЩѾ۵ĺͱϵģ뱨ϵĺǱͧ
ָ꣬㷨Źأ
Ҷ渹һӣȻϸϸѯ⼸ҺǱͧ
ʱȻҪжЩǱͧǼһ£ж÷ǳߣѺϽṹĴ壬ô׷ָģټϵʱĲ߲ϷˣЩѾûб⡣صĸ˽͵
Ҷ˵ͷͬ˵
֪⴬ȷʵҲҪѺܶ๦ģҲҪʽͶ롣
طȻûеõʽͶ룬Ȼַֺõ飬һҶÿԽ⣬ϾֻҪЩǱ֮ͧǰʽ©ǳ׶ˡ
ͬ־֪¶𣿡ҶЩһ䡣
ͬ־ֻĸҪ飬С¶ʡصĸ˻ش
Ҷһ˵ƵϷǮ˵УҲٲҮͬ־
ȥұϵĺǱͧɡҶ
ȫû⡣صĸ̾ͽҶ쵽һˮУˮĿռ䣬ҪȸղǸһЩ
Ȼˮжˮϵĸ߶Ⱦкü¥ôߣôˮУҺǱͧǾһˮ£ֻнŸˮϡ
ҶһۿȥͼҺǱ֮ͧǰͬ⻬羵ûһ˺ֲۣ˿Ϸ죬ȥͳȫ͸µһ
ҺǱֻͧȥζѣȫµģǹίԱļһǣ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ȻǶˡظ˿ЩǱͧЩź˵ҲʾԼĿԣ˵ģǵķþͺܸˣȥһ˶ҪѺܶĽǮ˹һٶۺǱͧʵ̫ˡ
ҺǱͧźšһĺǱͧͬڡ㡱ϵС
ǵѹͧѺϽƳɣ122ף11.5ףˮ9700֣ÿСʱ70Я10öף2öк˵ͷǱǱͧδﵽˮ1200ˮ·䵼ɴŷޱȽĹͺǱͧ
Ϊǰˮ׼Ʒںܶ棬޷ٳƷˡ
ʵϣҶӡУ֮˹ͺǱͧˮ׼ﲻ֮ǰЩ׼
Ļҵ־ЩˡҶʱͿǵһ⡣
ԭֻǳҺǱͧģھȻʮңȻãȴҲʵʵڵ壬ԿóģԼڲԱһӾһҶһʱ֮ȥң
ˡֱԡصĸ˶ʱͱ̬ˣԹӶҵǣǶǷǳҵǳרҵĺԱ
ҶʱͳĬˣ¶еðˣҺǱͧϵԱԼΪôǿԵõƵģ˹ռô¶Щˣһ;л䣬ָôأ
Ҷʶۣ֪ô
˼룬ҲӦòʲôӣϾ˹ϵ¶ȱǮֻҪ㹻Ԫʳǵļͥ±ЩǱͧҲڽ
ϾɸܲıֳҮ԰ģ治ʲô©
ðɣһЩ֣귽ź񣬶ڲһṩʳƷԮҶʾ
ҶȻʵĶԶʽóˣҪһЩʳƷʵҲǷǳģǶ࿪ҹʻ˺ѡ
˹˵ʵЩǮģֻȱҶȸһʳƷƷ϶ܹȶģЩΪ
üˣˮ;٣мרңǧˡ˴Եؼһ£һ˶ÿܵøһԪɣ
һԪ࣬Ķ˹ȴܹһ˹úˣϾԪ¬Ǻǿġ
ֻҪúãҸ򣡡Ҷһӵ
һε飬˵Ǵ׬ˣϾҺǱͧϺȻֵʹͬˣнɲΪ˰ЩˣʵҲ˵뷨ЩܹԼĶ飬ôǼԱǲԱȫˡ
ڵĶ˹һǰϣЩܹϲڹ͹İɡ
˹Ĵʵ̫ˣͻһʹö˹۽һǧˣαԭ򣬳Ҷͳϣƿؾ֮⣬һԭΪڸǾͶĲ㣬һֶȻǿļ
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ҶҲܺ棬ʲôܣѵǹںǱͧĻ
ֻ˻ûʽ뻰⣬ܹ棬б˹ͬ־Ľ֪ͨ˵񶽲첿ˣҪ۵ĺǱͧ״档
ЩôͻȻˡظб˹ˣ϶ʱһ˿ңжã
һСʱ֮ͻִ»ش
ϸ˵ղҶոµĺǱͧûбʽ׼ۣ񶽲첿˹ҪʵһȻǷ׼۵ľ
ȻȻǿոµĺǱͧĻ¶Ҫˡ
б˹Ȼͬķ̾⣬ǷԸ̶֣ɹĺǱͧͿ뱨ϵϺţҲһЩֽţҪǿȥһ
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ҶĻһĶʱͷȻѪܱȸ˾ҪöԸˡ


298 ǰ
Ȼͬظб˹Ԥϵ񶽲첿˹Ҳۻһѣûе뱨ϵĺǱͧϿֻˮ֮ϵƽ̨תһȦڱǩͬⱨϵ
б˹ؼӣŰЩ˸ŵ
Ӿûˡб˹ڷȻ͸Ҷ飬ҶĹٱڻڣһͬϤЩǱͧĲ̡
ʱ𣬰ȫ𡣡ҶԼҪ
б˹ͷӦ¶ʵǺܹģ˵ҶҲ˲ٵĺô
ˣղźҪʲô飿Ҷھ񶽲첿˹֮ǰб˹˵ҪԼһܣǾʵ
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ʲôֵôǮҶеЩ㵣б˹һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôΪá
Ҷ˵ˣб˹ԼеֲסˣðɣʮԪ
ʮԪ˵˵ҶڻӦ
ҶΪб˹棬ܹͳʲôõĶֻԵ̬ȣ໨ʮԪҲʲô¶
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ʵϣб˹أܿҲҪóˣҶյĻ˵Ƕ˹ҪҵжԣҪԭǶ˹ĹҾѾôͶ⿪
Ҫ֪ǷǳǮģ˹ĺҲãĺҲãʲôĽɫǱͧķչʵڲʱʱõľߡ
ֻڣִ󺣾ԣ˹öԣǺܳصĸ
Ϊ˼ЩǱ뽫һЩҪĻزó൱һֵĽۡ
ߣ˾Ĳȣܶ߼춼ΪԼѰҺ·Ү󽫺б˹Ƕǻ̬ʴġ
ǲЩǱͧҲ𽥷棬̭ǲ
һݶʲôϣҶЩʵ
ҲҲûпб˹ʾֻܱ֤һݶ߼ıļ
б˹˼ЩһˣͺпֵܲǮˣͬǰļһ
ðɣϣֵǮҶļͻԼķϢ
ܿʱǳæµڰŴӹĸϹĺٱǵʳ޺ѵ⡣
٣ʲôҪҹЩԸʵ
ҿ涼ǶġҶԼʮԪϣݸ
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ļٵģ֮󣬾Щؿ˿Ҷ
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˵Ҷб˹ûкøУǶ˹ˣڿˣ֮Ҳصڿȥס˵˭𶼲
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ҿɾͲˡ˵۾ȴǿҶ
𣡡Ҷ˵ͷǷݶļдһʺĲ֣Ȼ滭һɫԲȦ
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ҶæеϸڣŽеܽҶ
ԭһݶĸؼƻ˾ܡ
ز̫Զı󺣵£ͺ⣬˴֮йҵ͹ϣԼз
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쵼˵ĵ׼˴սʱؿкսĸǱǱָͧģ̨缶Ϊ˼ĿгɹӦǱ3000׵3.5ȫѺϽǱͧҪʱ㴬ǼһӦѼװûıָӽһ20ȫ䵼԰Ľͺ޼ʵװһҪʣͨһ뵼ռ䣬õ2.5ʵռ䡣ļеһЩҪ֣Ҷ󺣰300״Ⲽ53˵Ĵͺ⣬30ʼ͸Ӫеѧҡʦȸ˲ţԼӪгĶͯĨ֤ݣȫսиƼо޸߾ȼƷʳԲνǱͧ䣬ǱֻҳյǱͧг쵼˱ϵͳԱ׼ٴθˡ
¶Ҳ֪ļٵġҶԴҲɡ
Ĳ֪߶ӦҲЩִ˶̫Ͻˣ˵ķָҪǿܶࡣҲЦ
ļе׻УѾеĴԱܶ˸񲪶ֻ֪˹ʱͳľС㱨ǰǿӲɹǵһˣԵĳĬǿӲ̵ġ
ˣҶڿ˼֮ͨ顣
֪¶ģһ϶µϵΪĴϴ߲֪¶ԽԽ٣819֮󣬾߲Ҳ˶ϲ㣬¶͸ˡ
¼ûнӵָ֮ǰҲȥЩ飬ܵĺ׻أпܾͱˡ
źŵĳûҲԭģ齢ʵȴ䲹мж󣬻سоͷһֱ٣ֻ׷ȥأΪ佢ãײٵͧԼͧأֲܸ֪ܣѡ¹ԵԳҶͨеĹؼ֮
ôڣǸôϢأҶʵ
ң˭ȥҶûӦһȻ˵߶ķ⣬ûзŹɰɣֻǲ֪Щ׶ߵǣǷ񻹻ţ
ĺ׻أû˲Ʒ᲻ͳͳأҶǵ⡣


299 Ұࣿ
Ȼ˵Ҷ֪Ƿڵĺ׻شߣǲѶȺͷնǺܴģΣûзŹɣϾǣ̫ˡ
ʵڵģǰЩƼɹ㹻ҶһˣҪ˵ܻˮΪ35000ּĳǱͧ
飬ҲҪȥһµġ
ȴµ飬͵Ϊֹûиα֮ǰκ϶׼йҶ
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Ȼ˵ӦǾ鲿߼عȴҶһϵ˽ҶָˣǶүӻֱӸ´Ҷ෴ָ
ҶһӺ󣬾Ͷ˵Ҫ飬Լ˲УһҲС
һο϶ǲˣҪȵʮҺǱͧ뿪Ƭ֮󣬲ܹ̽鱨α
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У˶ӣҳ϶ӦҪǵġҶ̾ͷ顣
˵ӹһס˹쵼ҺǱͧϵ飿
ǿԿǵġҶ˵ͷ
ܿͽļ΢ͽȻٵԭ
һ˵ȽϰȫȻعһ˶ȵٹָǾС˵
áҶ˵ͷͬ顣
ȷʵҲҪȥһ˶һˡ
˵ˣ˵صĹѾɣֻǵԼĽӹһ¾ͿˣҶȫûбҪʱ䡣
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طϵѡʲôģͿʼˣ½½ĲμʮĴȫǣҲȳ¯ҶƽȻǵѡίǣгϯʮĴĴ
һεĵᣬҶҲǺҪġҶ˵гίίԱҲӣȨ֮ҶҵǻܵһЩӰġ
Ҳ̫Ҫǽͬ־ӰѧԺɺϵܻ࣬ҲǸЭҪҶƽش
⣬ҶҲԤϵģʵʮĴ֮󣬽ͬ־쵼λǳȷͬ־Ҳ˳̨ڹЩ顣
괺ڼѲ൱Ƿͬ־ԣָĸ￪ߵĲҡƽĸ￪ҵǷͬ־ֻҪһҪͲٲ顣
ҶҵҶүӣ൱Ϊߵƶݻˡ
֮ҶǬүӻٸһ죬һӦͬ־ҪһҲΪĿǰȻҪһ¸صμ֣Ҫȷִ߲ƫ
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˵Ҷƽڳ֣һ͵ģ࿴˵ΪȵԼˣʸһЩ鷢ԼĿ
ȻˣʵҲûʲô˸СҶƽϾǵһеίǣһҶҵĶҶҲֻôˣء
Ҷƽ̸һӣͳȥ¶ˡ
Ҷİ칫棬Ϣ
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ȻˣǶʱ֮ھܹ쵽ģҲҪһʱ䣬ܹ߹ģʱòˡ
飬ôšҶԼҪ˵˵Ȼ˵ʽ棬ܿͻһǮϣõģԱҪЭһ£һһ
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ˣʱиľϲ㡣Ҷش
ʮҺǱͧ˻ĸʺϣԻϻصĽ𵽺ܴĴٽãϻصзͼﵽһ塣
һ֮Ҷ;öеˣҪȥҵԵġ
Сڴ¥棬ҶųԵ嵭ʳڶ˹춼Ǵĳ⣬ŪθЩԲˣڻˣȻҪһ³θ
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ʹڴ˿Щʹ˵
ҶһͼһַУȻǸԼͷˣȴû뵽ԼҪŶһ֮£˾һܵĽӴҶûʲôֻǰѺײˡ
ЪһЪɡҶɳϣȻеĲַи˹ȥŵһԵϡ
ʱĺ磬Щף޽Լ亹ȻǱղŵһײײòᣬһֻأһһģ϶Ǻʹ
ҪҰһࣿҶˣЩĵѯʵ
һڣҶ;úеԾǸλƺ治Ǳ˷һģλ̫ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷڲ԰֮УһΡ


300 
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ײһҲˣֵطȻޱȣǻָҲ죬ʲôˣǱײֳ֮ԵϷúеǳˡ
ڣҲҪ˼ӵӰɣ
ѵ˵Ϸӵ飬һҲû
ȻãǹٳǷҲʶһЩֻί鳤صãôһ㱣ɡһ滹ôǳίԱίҶƽ飬λ͸ͬˣǰίǼҲǺܿġ
ΪģǳҶƽȥġ
Ϊ쵼˵飬λȻͬһ㣬ǺͱȽСһЩǸճУûжõĻҪϵһġ
ҲΪҶƽ⣬Ͼ쵼˵һȷʵеˣҿҲòԾô˵Ҳøɣ
ʡίǵĴ飬ٶǸء
Щ飬ЩԺˣҶǰ˰֣ŰĻٻ
飬û¶ɣôое˵ģҶЩĪ
˵û¶Ժ·ǧһͺˣһ°ײòᡭϡ
УЪһвʵĸоȥҽԺһºˡҶֻô˵
û¶ȳԷɣҶҸͳԵģСõġʾⲻ󣬴ߴҶԷ
Ҿͳ˰Ҷź˵еˣղҪȥҳԵģû뵽ײˣ¶Ūá
԰ɡ˵
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Ҷ˷УˣһСӣҲ٣̾ͷʵǶһûӾͳ˸ɸɾŶӣ˸ö
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Ȼˣţ⻹ǲģΪƫ䣬ţϳˣټһ߶ȵķؼӣʵҲǺζҸ
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ģеһλµĹ˾ҪǴó׻ģ뿪֮һֱڽڡ;ǵȵѰԣĹ˾ָóףӷֲĵëߣʲô
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ǰܵȥʿ˹μ羭̳йҵҵһβμ֪ķǹٷ̳˹ʱûжǮҳԷʳܵС˵ڱ
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ץס˵˼ӴչҵԱĵصѡڵ̨ݣڿʼ̸֮ǰҵظ߿ˣǲǰǷͬй쵼˻̸ĵطһΨϵͬ־ȻȻ𾴡
Ŀֵ֮£ʡܵ⡱Ȼʵ
ȥ꣬ڸЭ飬üֵ4Ԫҵ500ƤСƷļͼ-154ɻ
ó׾ý屨ʱΪȫȵԳƴ׬8000
ͷɻһҹԼġֵۡŲɣõļ˵ȥľùѾʮֵĿЦˣҵһˣйвͨҪǻõϷ˵ǿֵΪֵǶʲǻ۵ĸ߶ãҶйýһԵĹס
Ҷ˱ֽϹı֮󣬾ƲƲЦ
ֶΣǶʣµģҪ֪Ҷڸ˴򽻵ĹУ൱ƯǷࡣ
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ֻǿһţͦ˼ѡҶѱֽݸ˺硣
翴һۣͰѱֽˣѾˣֻǲ֪ҶΪʲôЦѡ
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ʵϣҶ˻˽ģڽʮĿװһٵظж߻һȥ˵ĺƻаϲɽըһ502000׵Ŀӣӡůʪйɺʹ֮ɽƺڵӰгֹǷԺһ˵ģвζ
òϣ90һֱýĽ㣬ˡйʮӪҵҡйĸйʮʵҵҡڶƺš
Ĺ˾ҲΪйĸ￪ŵйӪҵȵȣ1994꣬˹־뵱ȵȫ򸻺λӴ½λͬ꣬йһΪƸ־Ϊйһҵҡ͡½֮סλҵ͸ĸˣҲ˳Ϊһԡй׸ҵҡ
Ȼˣ1991ǰðճɹһżȻ¼
ھ13ĸĸ֮󣬼ƻѾ⽻߽ıԵȱгɻѹȻźܶӪҵ⣬ɸܶĴСүṩ˾޴Ӫռ䡣
ͨµķʽͨлȡ棬ΪЩðռԲˬ¸ֶΡ
ȱ淶ʱߺϷЩӪǳĴ͹죬ҲֵĲȷԡ
Ȼɹˣʧܵ˸ࡣ


301 ϵͳ
һӿʱҲһ߻ӵʱҶֽŻԭԺ˵ʱ棬ҲһЩ˷Ծ𣬳ΪʱĴڡ
𣿡翴Ҷӳⷽ٣һָ㽭ɽӣ̲סһ䡣
ôô˵أҶ֮󣬲ûкֻ֣Լ˼һ£ȻŻشӦСΧ֮ڣ˵ˡ
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ҶոʮͣҲ˵Լʲô˵ˣֱഺڿ֢ߵı
Ҷÿ֪һڸԼ̾˿Щ飬Ųţǿ͹۴ڵġˣ˵Щˣ㶮ģ
ģҪһҵسӢ֣ڶȻҲӴһӣǺķˣѧòáش
ǾˣһһϤĵ˲СҶ°˵
Ҫѧϰ𣿡Щطʵ
ܾãλҶЩ࣬ĹЩͬ
ȻǱ߶ĴӵǣǺϤ߶ĸ߹ӵʲô绹ǱȽġ
ǵ޷ǾǼֶѣ³˵ĻԵŮǣ¼Ա׸ӵĻ¸ǲһ𣬲֪г˵ģȵؾӪһԼԴ˵⣬;߳ѧñȽϰȣҲ׸Լǣ˵ϳ˵ģټҪһϴǾ̻Ǵ࣬׾վͷȥ
ԺļЩ˶³֮ѡܹǿﵽг˵Ķǳ٣Ҫ˵ʲôϳˡ
ҶӦǺܲģܹƾԼŬ߷ֿϸ˵ĵӺܺãѾﵽг˱׼Ҷ·ҲеϳɣŲߵĸоúϳ˵ʸ
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ȻҶصģҶδ;ϣֻǺԼҲеɣôصĵѹһʮ˵ļͷǷܹŵ
ҲǺҶһЩ˽²˽⣬ĻͲỳɼλүӵ۹ˣҶЩʵֻ̫ݲǡһЩ
һЩǶĵģҪˡҶ˰ֵ
дһʣȻҪб˹õľϷԲŻ顣
ҶѾԭٵˣ΢ʱѾϴһݶĺͼ͵ͼ־ܻҪӺ׽УԺͼǳγҲԲС
Щı־ҶȷʵʾӦԡ
飬Ҫֲ֤̫֪ԾֻԼεһ¡
ȻֻҶƽ飬ףָٳ߲ûʲôأҲҶϵʶһĶı׼ǱȽ׵ģʵֶ˵;˭Ҳ֪һŹϵǰ߻ܵĲرͼ
ʵȻͨ˵дⶼֻ̫ĽУȻһЩϰȻ˵
Ҷˣ˵ͷ˵ҲǿԵģϾ籾ԼҪ׼ҲͬĿУͨĸֵķǺصģ˵дû⣬Ǿ㹻Ӧڵĳˡ
ǺãҷһЩţһŵͼҶ˵
У㸸Ҷǵ飬Ҷٵ顣Ҳ֪治ͬ⻹װͬ⣬ҶҪ󣬱ʾ˲
أɣҶ̱ʾǸոײһ£ôǳɣ˵һֲ࣬Ը⡣
Ժ¶Ұ㿴ˡһ⣬ʱ͸еǳջֻǶҶ٣ַȥǱܣ֮øղűײزЩƺʲôһһģǱŤ
һأҶ˵ϿѶùҶǻйҪš
ǸûйϵҸһˡҶش
ҶܿͰѾϴĵͼ˳úۿ
һݶͼʵֻҪоγȱעǷ붼޹ؽҪˣֻҪܹϾСָͼ˵
Ŷ˵ҲеҶͷ˵¶ԼԺˣֽһݽ뺣ܻص˵˳ú롣
˵ϣȻϸעӦνصĲ裬ȴû漰ڻصľܣø翴ûġ
ʲôоһݶ˵飿һ䣬ȴҲûΪ濴ʲôŵһ߶ţһ߶ڶעķ롣
һϣ˰Сʱӣǳױעˡ
Ҷʱ˵һ͸оһĿȻˣӦ˵ֻҪǸܻشڣֻҪԼܹܹ˵룬̽Ѱеܡ
һ̽ͼ𣿸оػأֲ̫ƣϾװöǽеġ緭֮Щʵ
һرͼҹһӾҪȥѰˣǷȤһȥһأҶЦűʾ
ʵڷ֣ȵ˻أҲҪ˼ҹͨģһʲôĵ谭кߵĻҲһ㱣ϣȻ˵ҲģǱϾǾˣҶǾеȵиϵͳò
Ҳ˵ҶŲǣֻΪˣΪҶЧҲܹ֤˼ǵӰ죬һֱڶ˹Ǳ߶ٶһЩ˼ĳ
Ϊ˱ҶȨҪԼС
ǵʱҪܻ̽صαҲҪȰĵعڣп֮󣬲źǱ߶еģȫһ⣬Ҳܹųϵɡ
ΪԼǣҶǷǳϧģҪǷĻرͬʱҲҪǷ޷صĴǶǵ󰮻
Ǻͼ˵飬Ǿܼƻĸ˵ܼƻԭʱѾջˣֻҶԺ֮УҶΨһ֪ƻ֪ͼ˵ݵˡ
ҪܵĻأĻ˭Ҳ֪ط
˼֮䣬纰һҶǡ
ŲȴҶƽѾˡ


302 С²С
ϰֻúܿʲô飿ҶҶƽ߹ȥ׹ҵ¼ϣȻָ˱裬Źеѯʵ
ϵһЩ飬ĵġҶƽ˶һۣƺȽϹģǾͲףһ̬
ƺӦòĵɡҶ֮Щʵ
ҶӡУ飬һŹģҶƽίԱģеţɱĸоѵίԱӦЩС飿ֱǲô峤ɲ
֮£ο֣Ҷƽûص˶һۣȻ˵⽻С£Ҳһ׳⣬ⷽһǱȽϽġ
ʵҾνġҶͱʾӣ˵ĻȨ˼Ҫ˭飬Ҫ˭ӣرʲô飿ֻҪǱԸԭˣⷽ汾ӦΪŶԣҪһӽӣ˿ˣֱӾһ仰ǲȨ
ʲôвȨ˵ˡҶƽҡҡͷǳͬӵĹ۵㡣
վλҲǹϵҰȫȶͥгҪأô˵Сأ
80ʼ޶ġѸΪݣй鿪ʼף1980꿪ʼ鿪ʼΪйʽڵһ֡
ҲʼˣǸڡĽ䡷崿ĬȻġáƼ1984ͻȻйӫʧΪһ޸й֪Ӱǡ
Ƽ׮ǿҷ졣
80ڿʼͣߺŮӰͻȻʧʼСϢ˵еڹˢӣеļ޸⡣
ɷУΪ33%
ĿҪΪ˷ˣЩŮԾͨıԼ滷ʱһɫġŮСͣϷޡռ˺ܸ֪߱ʶδڽϴ죬ԲͨȱԺΣҶƽԶ˵֪ˡй˵Ļһһɽӡ˶һʣ֮ģҲˣɵľþҲܶࡣ
˵¶Ҷƽᵽһ飬ʱҲǱȽӰġ
83ʱ36ŮϵȫϷã״ǵɷǳЩŮԶ֪ʶӣڹȥԾ֧ɷҵǼѧϰ죬ƾĸĻЩɷǾ׷׽¡еġѡһ飬Ҫ㿷֮ˡ
ʱ쵼һʾͥϸ฾Ҫ⡣ʾճϷøŮʤ36ûһɻġ
10֮ڣȫˣһûʣҶƽ˵
ɢˣȻûˡҶʾʵ»ûһ֣˺á
ⷽȻвͬĿŮڻдƵλͲԵĹƽһŮȨıҲúܲǵ߲֮飬ڵǴ𣬲ûϸɿά棬ҶԻǱȽʧġ
Ҳô˵ҾЩⶼһһƶɵġҶһֵſʵһƶȵĻûЩˣֻҪб£ȢŶУֻҪôһûʲôˡ
뷨Ҳܱ֤ûл鷢ɣҶ뷨Ǵ
ǾͲһҶʾȻһƶˣôҪԽֹģֻҪ˳͵òƱƻ˼ҼͥΪڴҲҪӴ󣬱Ͽ̷νĵǴУ
ôܣôʲôʱйôϿķˣҲǵǴѡ񶨵
ֻ˵ƶɵ˱⣬ҪûôЩβͣһȺòȻαƶɣƶķȻ©ٳΪԼĺŶҶһѪָ
ҶƽӸﶷ죬Խ˵Խ׶ˣƶɵרҶձɵСˣʱŪЩЦá
˺ˣ¶ˣҶЩ̸ۣûʲôʵ塣Ҷƽ˰ֹ֣ǵۣԴ徻һɣԹ֮Ǿɻ
ͷʹ⣬ȴǹзſ˵顣
ʵʱй˺˽ȻҲкܶˣǱϾСйҪ¾ĺ˽飬Ҫüأܵѹ˶ò˼飬һҲš
ܶ˶ΪŮͬ˽ǡѵ񡱣Ϊ˱ʾԣĸԶϾϵơ
˸ĸͬ⣬еλǼǻصĿ顣ʱҪڹڻǼǻصǼǽ飬ֵλߵ֤š
λĿһĽǵԶְ
Ǵ˶Եλ̶Ⱥܸߣְ˵ôɡ
һûеλû֯ϵˣǾζ޷ûеλ֤պͳ첻
ڵԱ˵ҲСѵ֯ɣһҲᱻ˵
й˺˽ǼǰҪ׼ûڲ֤żλߵ֤֤˻״һҪṩաְҵ֤йʹݵĹ֤˫뵽ָҽԺлǰ졣
ύϺ󣬻Ǽǻز̸ǼǺͷ֤滹һǼǻصĹɣǾǡȵٿ
漰˵Ļ룬Ǽǻͨзڵĵλͽֵ´˽ͨԱǰȥ˼빤
ʱ˼빤֮˵λѹЩ˾ͳܲסټֺ˽顣ˣһЩһ֮ʱ˫ȴҲ֤ˡ
90Ǽǵ
ȥǼǧ̬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ǼǻڰǼʱȡ80Ȱ˵͵ȴ̬ȣɡȲԣҲ֧֡
˴᰸ſˣҶеĻҲһЩ޸ĵҶƽԶ˵¶е飬ӰȴǺܴͷǲӦͬء
ԭ鰡ҶˣҲЩͷ
ڵҶ̬ӦĬҪͻȻת䣬ʾ֧֣Էʽͬһ鷳¶
ҾãԷſһЩ֮ģӦα˺ϷȨ⡣Ҷһ֮ԼĽ飬ſСһܼ򵥣ά˵ȨҪġ
ҶƽˣҲ˵ͷö˵е
翴˿ҶаҶĽֱָĹؼƺеŵ


303 
ӵĻҶƽһЩȻ˴⣬ôͲܹë⡣
Ϊ˴ӦΪеһЩ⣬ṩɷ֧֡
Ҷƽ˵Ļҿ԰ȥķɱ⣬ۣȵ֤óЧ֮ٴ᰸
ôӦǱȽϺʵġҶͷʾͬ
翴ҶƽҶ˵ҶĸоַһЩ仯ҶĽҪһЩʱ򣬻ǺܾнԵģָҲǳ񣬲һӵܹ쵽
ô˵˴ܹ᰸˵ǵĹпȡ֮ģҶԹҪ淶ѭ⡢·Ӧܹ𵽱ȽϺõá
ǿƽϰԿӸ˴ίԱһЩԤ㣬ҲڹĿչܲ˼ųѣԼȥСҶȻˣ̫׶᰸֧֣ҪίԱѯڲϸĴʵƶȡ
̫У漰Ƹĸ﷽ˡҶƽʾ
ҪģΪȫʶ̬ߣһҶʾⷽ棬ڸɲ÷棬ҲҪй淶ϣ£вҪӵˡ
ҶƽڿǶ˵Щ⣬ʵϴӹҲⷽĿǣֻǣ̫޷˳̿ôЩάŶӷײ˸£صӰ쵽˹񾭼õķչ
Ϊ˦ҲԹθĸҪƶȷ֣ΪƷԭû˦һԽԽˡ
ԭҶΪҪξȨ쵼ͼһȨԾ⵼˸ȨŪôڰ¶ʱ֪Ҫ˭ȥ
Ϊӻ˭нȨ˭ûеܹɰܵĹؼָֻĳλ쵼һ仰ܰ˵飬ʮŶˡ
ǹ飬ӸҶĽײĺͬʱҲһȥܹõЧĻ¶⣬ܻ᳹׻ȡ
ԣҲҪʱУһЩԽܵĸȡѭ򽥽ķıǵ֪Ťתֲľ档
ֻ֪ȡȨΪԼļıȡȣҶǵøģչĵ·ôҾùƽĻԽԽأһʰױ
ȨͬʱҲκ
ҶԼκұúһЩٲΪĳЩ˵˽ڶʮбһµĻĮȴ»ҳϡ
Ҫһ㣬ҶʮĴٿԺ󣬹ڵȶϵϷֵҲʵԵĲ׶Ρ
һʱڣνᾭΪҵʱڣܶƲ˱¸ڣʲʧ൱أ¹Ԫˡ
˺ͬ־ʱѾ÷ǳˣ˵޴֣޷ʰĹ󼸺õˣطԱǹϷִ
ͬ־ʰҲǱסһЩؼĴ͹ֻ׳ʿѣһܶ˰ѹ¸ں͹Ʋ䵽ϡ
ʵʱ򣬾˵úһһͻᱻը÷ǣ޷˵ؽ񣬾ȥҡ
µˣ⵽Ĳ⣬ڻٰмǰУˣȴЦб˽ңԼļӴĽڵ۹
ʲôأôˣҶƽ˳˼֮Уͷ
Ȼ˵ѾһĶӣҶƽϰԵذ
ʵϣʮˣڸĸУҲǸӶѡ
Ŷֻ룬ЩӦȥѡҶ˼˵ͼʷʵԼʷսһЩ
ʲôʲôִʲôˣҶƽһ⻰ʱüͷܵ׼ʲô顣
ҶҶƽͼֲˣһǺģҶǳܹվߵϣȻͼһһܣЦ
ԣʱ䳤ˣҶƽҲϰˣֻҪҶǹȻԵĻ·ߣǹƾͲʲô¶
˵С¶Ҷҿ
ʵϣֻҪǺһǳ飬ҶҲ
ֻĻɾҪˡ
ûʲôҾѡҶش
ûʲôҶƽʾܻɡ
ϰϣʲôأҶʵ
ϣûʲôҶƽʾ
ŸǱ߶භ죬һԵĺ΢΢Ц˵ܹҶҲôԻı֣Ϊ쵼ˣһǷǳϽģڹУճУҪֵķһ쵼˵ݡ
ôɵʱ̣ȷʵǳѵá
Թ֮ҶƽҶк磬ԼҶƽľˣһ˷ɻֱɾǡ
ί鳤صУףһ·ƽ
Ȼˣһ·˳Ļʱǲ˵ģɻϣĵľǸ߿ʲôģϣľǷƽ˾ںϺиպ෴
طԸúȥ˾ǣ׼͸Ҷүӡ
磬ǹȻ¸쵼˰ȻӹЩرʾ
ǲҶ͵Ķѣʲô¸ЦҶǸǰúøɣȡǺμҳŮʡ
ڲŸĿҲʵе̫ңԶˡ˵
Ц˵
ҶƽһСɻҲʮַֹȷ̨߷аȫԶ࣬װڻβĶ̲ڣԽͻյִͨѶ豸Ա칫ã뺽߷ɻ࣬ԿͻԣСɻʡʱЧȫ˽ǿص㡣
ؼľΪҶƽרҲһЩʹò747֮ĴɻΪרȷʵеݳˡ
ҶʵҲҪŪһСɻΪģֻڹڣչѶȲСչܹϡ˰̫ߡ̫١ɻ̫ѡ̫
ڹ⣬ֻҪСʱ뵽ߣҲʮּ򵥡
ڹڣӷмƻ걨йƶܵ൱ƣھǺķæ뵽ߡ
ԣҲǹ쵼ǣֱʱʹС͹Ϊר
ʵϣڴ쵼˶ԣϲɻΪоƺȽϰȫһЩ
Сʱ֮󣬷ɻִ׶аĹԱ͵ˡ
ֻҶƽûֱȥڣ˼ΪҶƽĶҶӳнպôɶˣҶҴլ
ֵˣҲһûˣȻҪͷ


304 Ҷӳķ
ҶӳСһɱ뺷ϢԸбҵ֮ҶүӾˡ
ӾԺУĴҶӽͬҶӳӴӻһ·ģȻ˵ôЩҶҵƶ£ҶӽѾɶıнεĴǻȻܴһԲϾбߵ
ʵϣɶ棬˾ίȻǴȨգıҶӳȴµΪ͸һѵƵģ˭˳۾Ҫ˭κ˼ҶӳӴ󣬱վϣԸҸӲӲûг֡
ҶӳϵλϣȴҲ浶ǹģڸϹһսУǻָԱҶӳһ֧˵ֱӣֱӾͶ˶ԷһָɱһƬײ
ı뺷ȷʵηҶӳھڲҪȴҶӽһЩΪǾ׳ɵĺ
ҶӳҶƽ꣬ʮˡ
һͺӦҲҪϽζˣֻôһҲе⣬ѵ˵ҶһӾҪͬʱλϽ
ôһЩҪ˯ˣʵеǡ
ҶҵЩˣҶүλ࣬ȫ֣үִƾίȨʢҶƽɹ֣Ϊ쵼УȨվϴҶӽϽΣϾ˾̨أ϶ҶӽٽϽΪ쵼Ļ͸ˡ
ԺпܵһҶӽϽȻܲλ׳׳λѡܲ׳ĿԸһЩ
ҶҲеϰҪǽͬ־ִ˼ƫͣھӽͶ벻㣬Ҷξ˼ӰҲҶӽ׳ɲǺܸȤѡ׿Ƶͽ쵼ӡ
ȻˣҶԴǼͬġ
ʵ֤ξǲȡģںʹݱը֮󣬸߲ѣ֪ǰĺƽʵֻһԸ͹𣬱ȻΧΧ£һ֧ǿսľӣǱزٵġ
ҲǴǸʱʼӷͶſʼԸ߼зҲһʱڣǰ׷׵ƲľҵҲ׷׻עʣ»ഺ
ãҶҶӳ֮̾͹ʺá
һǱȽ;ʵģԶԼЩǣҲֵۣ̫ݺˣ棬Ȼһñ
Сֳ˺ܶ࣬ҶӳҶȴǾҶѾˣȫǴСӵı׼ģ˲Ųȥֱ˷Ѱ
ҶԲȥǼֱ̣Ĳܣ˿ȥƺͦ͵ģʵںƽʱڣһ磬ǶҶӳҲھôһǣ廳һ¹ȥսʲôģٲһ¶飬㼸Կϰʲôġ
ҪʵϰҪϼ򱨸棬ͨС
˵˹һȺͷ֮⣬ҶӳûκεʵȨ
Ҷôܽܣ
ȻҶӳûмӣͳҶƽ˵ģСôˣҿǸӣ͵ҶǾңܲһ˰ɣ
ҶƽЦЦô˵ģĪǶ÷ǵýӪתһȦòˣ
⻰Ȼô˵ˣΪҶҵڶֵܵУҶƽûнӪȴѾίԱ쵼ˣ϶Ҷӳ֮ĲжȻö˵ϴҶӽϽҲּ
ӪҶӳֹһ
ڲͬǰˡҶƽһȻ˵ǵָǹ䵽ʵ⼸һ쵼ˣ
⻰˵úܵλҶӳԼĥһȻûڽӰеУκһӾӪ߳ɵЩ죬ô˵ҲЩѵ˵ķ仯ˣ
Ҷƽ΢΢ͷҶӳ˵ⷽ˵˾Ҫһôֳָܹǹ
Ҷӳ֮òŵͷѡȷģǾǰͷҲֹھί׳ֶܲܽǸ⡣ʮѾˣķչǰ;СӪԺҲһЩҲ˵
һǡСѾǸɲˣĲ棬ܸһʲôְأҶƽ˵һ
ҶӳûлҶƽҲûн´ҶӳȻ֪¶֮ʱ;㵵ſһ죬ȻǱ׵ˡ
Ҷƽ˵˵֮ҶӳҡͷСķչеˡ
ҲˡҶһ߶ֻھ̫ˣ̫٣ʵҲڽķչⷽĺһЩǸϾ˾λãȵ
Сӣ飬ܹģҶƽǳҶһ
ǵδءҶӳһڵС˵ҲеȷʵǶ̫ˣⷽҵĶ̰塣
ͣһ£ҶӳЦԼֶӵ˸֪˵һ˵ʲôأҲãҪҸְ񣬻氲Ųȥء
ĸɲھ棬ô˵ҲǸ߼ɲˡ
Ҫ֪Уľ٣רҵط֮ҲǰһѲԱְѣ൱ڸҶѾǸʵְɲˡ
ôͻȻؾأֽǶðɣҶⷽ˷ѿ࣬Ǿ͵ת˻⡣
ǶܺáֻɶǱ߶еңҿȥӸɲֲòֵطܻؾǲܹ飿ҶӳһҶ⣬ʱüͷ
ɶǱ߶ʲô⣿ҶƽЩ졣
ҶƽίԱҴ£һϵ飬ҪѾøģƺû˵ɶǱ߶ʲô顣
꣬ɶǱ߶ĹչĲãܶҵƲ˼飬طϸѹˡҶӳ͵طҲûжĹϵƫƫмսѣתҵط֣Ϊҵֵúܲҵ֪ˣֵ÷ǳġ
ŶҶ˵ͷʱô¶ˡ
ĸ飬ѾһˣǴҶ֪Ӧô㣬˵Ǽ󲿷ҵãȻУãȻãȻܶ࣬ɶʡΪعҵغܼܶ࣬ռȫʡñأܵӰࡣ
Ҷӳ⣬ǹģʵȫصĹУٵشͬ⡣
ֻҪЩ⣬Ҳ£ҪǷھýṹϣڹĸ⣬ʵ߲㶼ûóõİ취
ңƺһͷǾǴҶù˽󣬻˽л˸㡣
˼糱֮£Ҷӳ飬ҲͲʲôϡ¶ˡ


305 Ѵ
ʵ92ʱ¸ҵƲȻѾƵˣȴûзչ߷壬֮ȫΧڲӭ˹ҵƲľ
ֻʱ򣬺ܶҵȷʵѾΣˡ
ҲߣΪʮҵƲǰļּܽ᣺϶½еȢţŮҲ޲ȥڲ֣»ĲݣһĻֶֹͣˣ¯գתת۶ˣ4050ɵۣӲٽӰ࣬ԼҲˣ·ѧˣȥ硢ҫȫûˣҹǵʵ֤Ϊˡ
ûãүӾͻˡ
ǱҶҶӳģʱȥЩƣе̫æ˵Եʡ
үүãΣҴӶ˹ЩӽģȥԡҶ˶үӣǷǳڣǶ˲赹ˮóԼڶүӵǰ԰ڡ
үԵ÷ǳˣЦ˵úã˼ҹһиֶ֪ۣҲСʱ򱧹ˡ
Ҷӳ̱ʾ˲ͬűǼذ
һҲǱүӰ۾һɵˣˣӲˣ˵ˣû˲ǣ
ǵǲҡҶӳ˼Ҳ̰֮Ϊаɣ
СӾǷʰڲŻһнүָͷ˵ҶӳŶ˵
Ҷӳе˼Ŷأ˼ҾͲ֪ӣҲ̫ɶ˰ɣ
˭СӲأү˵۾һɨͿһԵĺ磬ɵЩףλСĺܣС
ֱҶԵúĳ֣Ҷϲ˹ϸһ㡣
үүʲôλҵ飬顣Ҷ˵
ôŮ鰡үֹһ
ˣɫһ죬ֻǰڶүӵݣ÷ѡ
үʲôˣѾ֪ˣί׳ھҪֵʱͬһ׳߽ӰѲĲӵģеʱһЩίĻϣүҲһλ
翴ˣЩпˣҶļʵ޷ݣҪ˵һλҶүӣʹгί棬Ҳһλ
ҶƽˣҲǺڣϾôƯһŮ飬ҿʲô뷨
ֻǶүӵ棬ҶƽҲ˵ʲô
Ҷͱʾ˲үʲô̬˼ҿǾͨ˶ʿϰֵģ㲻Ҫɫ۾˺òã
һүүҲˣֱӾǶүӡ
ٺ٣ʧԺˡүЦȻԺ˵С⣬ǼûʲôأôûûСģϰˡ
ôһƴڻүҲһ㣬ǾǺŵùˣϾҶƽѡ飬Ҳܺ⣬ܹѡûģЩ˵Ҳûʲô
ֵҲ֣ô˵ͶˣЪһ֮󣬶үӾ⡣
ҶƽΪϵԭ򣬵ǾؾģҶӳͺٻһЩ¼ŻΪĹڲϣȻ˵ǲıҪĵǳ࣬еʱ˾ίڣıҪܶ
ֵ֮䣬Ļᶼ࣬ͬʱҶլˡ
Ϊ
Ϊ
һڣֵܲŷֶԷԼͬʱڵġ
˶ʱЦ֮ҶƽЦ˵ɣҵүӻˣһ˵ˡ
Ҿ˵ˣ˶Ǵ治סġҶӳʲãؾͰĲƽ֮£үѧ˵һ顣
ԭҶӳǰҲ˵ѣɶʡӪֻ˵һζϱȽһЩЩ˸ڵĹҲδҪ߼ˣǴҽ飬Ҳеġ
˵Ůǣ·ҪһЩԵɣȴҲΪ˵ˡ
ǰȥϵһкΰսѣʱըȣԭ֮ŵɶʡƽеһҹʱõûԣд㣬һƵĹҶӳЩ߷߲ƽ˵ǰսңż飬˵ϸѮȻɱˣ
ţô¶үüͷʵ
Ʋˣ¸ˣŲǮƣŮȥϷ˵ڷ򹤣վˡҶӳ˵˵Ϻһʱ벻ϵˡ
үˣ̾˿
ʱ˳ĬȻҶ⣬ʾ˳ص顣
ԴǰƽзеΪһƲĹҵ֮˶ŵЧӦ˺󣬹Ʋ쫷90ɶʡֱعҵء
Ʋ󲿷ֹ˶ûлʦǶ嶼ס룬ǽҪȥԷ
ҵĸĲȻҪۺϸĸĲΪعҵеİƽУعҵչڼƻʱԭϡƷɹͳһ䣬ۺϸĸ90Ǹĸ￪ŵʮ꣬عҵһʱӦԭϹ򡢲Ʒ·г¹
ѵͷ˰ƽڶҵͣ˥ܡ
90ҶԹҵ֯ṹдģĸ顣һЩͳĹҵȫҵֵб½̲֯ݡʳƷҵȣṹصĹҵΪĽͨ豸ҵͨѶ豸ҵҽҩҵռҵ
ڹоõĲֵУһЩʱܼȽϸߡģĹҵҵʼռҪλ¢ϵλ綫عҵϵķ֯ҵȴ͹أȻû90ص㷢չƻС
Ʋ͹顢沢°ƽд¸ڹ˵İΪ֡
Ҷӳϻؾ֮ǰһ죬ڰƽеɽֵϣ¸ְԷ֯ǧȥ·Ҫõλ
ôãүӹĵʵ
ô죿ҶӳҡͷϹάΰĽʽǣɴ¸ڹÿ˷200Ԫȼ
飬涼ѴȻ˵鸴תӦһչˣǳӶûˣ㻹˵ùһүҡҡͷ֪Ϊսˣ治ʹ죬˻ҪΪƵ¸սָû¸ڹأѵǾûΪ𣿡
⡭һҶӳ˵
һү˵װǾˣװǾͨϰգΪϹˣ˭ҲǷ˭ʲôÿһ˶ΪҸഺѪҶƽȵģ
үΪί׳һȻʸĻġ
ֻҶӳû˵ЩƵ˵ҲˣǣսѷӦΰ飬ܿǱ˺ģɱ
Ŷ֮󣬶ʱֱһɫ
ôţʹɱɱأ


306 Ҷ
˵˵ô¶үӵıҲ
ҶӳûпڣҶѾʼˡ
˵һƲҵĻƣʲôֵ˼ɱأ
ɱˣҪαװɱΣ޷Ǿ㣬һΪ˽˶ԹڶΪɱڣӺΰɱڵĿԸһЩ
ҶʵλպսѣԭʲôҵƣǼҵôƲģһʲô˵ɣ
С˵ò˵ΰΪҵһЩ쵼ϵĺڶԼ͵ļ۸ҵʲ֤ݣ⵽ڵġҶӳЩؿҶһۣȻ˵
Ȼ˵Ϊʲôչ飿үˣѯʵѵ˵нıķ
нıķ٣еġҶӳЦһΪĽ죬ܲȥطϵɣӣܿаƽеĸ߲쵼룬ҽǴкû˿˰ġ
ԣͻؾԮˣүʵ
ѭ֯棬⣬ӦûɣҶӳʵ
ҶӳĹҲԭģӾǾӣӦԶΣϵ鲻Ӧȥʣ˾˸ɣôֻϻ㱨ϼŵĹעͨ¸ͱȥ
үӿһ£Ȼһ¼ǼȻѾǣ鸴ת˵¸⣬Ǿֵþίȥעһ¡
ȻĻֻԸ˲о¸¼ֲˡүת˲ʹ⡣
ί׳ֻǹעĳһλת˲о˵ĸ⣬ôȻǲõģҲڸǽӰɶĳһ¼رע֮Ⱦʹһˡ
ҵƲ¸ڵⲻϷүӹת˵⣬ҲʦģҲί׳ݡ
ϾЩ˵ⶼ޷õϣô˻Ըξ飬ȷʵǳأӰ쵽ӵսָܲλǸеǡ
һӲͣίбҪȫѼӣŸ˵Ҷ
С˵ĺеҶӳͷɶ߶Ѽ˼ʮӣϴǱ߶ӦҲܷЩ飬˵طͲͬˣۺϿ졣
ϾϴҶӽĵ̶Ǿ˾ȻСһ׮ʵɶͶϾǹƵصƵӦö٣˵϶ҲЩ⣬ֻһٲͬˡ
үӵͷʾţӦðѹʵһЩ
ϱ»һҶҪ¶ӡȻ˵ЩʵǱϾ׸ɿʵԶүϣøӺһЩ
ֻôһΰ֮Ļĵ飬ͻˣʱϵԽãԽѲҶӳͻȻüͷЩĵ˵
ΰսѣΪ˲вòˣڿ뿪֮Ҳ⣬ȻؾȥˣҺпǱڵģΪԶҶӳеܲƽ
Ҷƽһ֮󣬾ͶԶҶӳ˵˲ܸһһ⣬ûʲôֱֻӦҵŮββýĽܲĿ飬ֶΡ
˵öԣһ㡣Ҷӳͷ
һӣΧŹһУڵǰдڵһЩ⣬Ҳ˲ٵɣΪһѷƵĹе©ܶ࣬ҲأʲʧС
һӣҶүӾͻˡ
ҶүӾкãĹ˳ʵҪһԵĴڣĹѶȲ󣬶һЩ½Ӵ˴ĵѲʲôģоԸίԱĹָʲôġ
ȻˣʵָʱҪǵҲܶ࣬ľִǻۺ͹飬ҶүһתսսҲˣӦࡣ
һ׶߲ҲȽ϶࣬ǹϵÿУһЩĶǵҲ˰Ҷүӵͷְ࣬ÿ춼Ҫʿһ£Ⱦˡ
ҶүҶӳղŵ齲һ֮󣬾صرʾֵùעģ϶㷴ӳҪʵҪĵĲ鸴ת˵¸⣬ְͨ¸ȻҪ㹻ĹעЩû˹û˷룬Ҫ棬⿿һϷǾԲģӦָṩһЩǡ
Ҷƽ˾ͱʾ¶ò
ίǣеĹҵڶ࣬Ҳ⣬ʶԶ֮ϡ
ؼǺܶ˵Ĺת䣬ǶʱڿɵġҶƽص⣬󲿷ֵ¸ڹˣԼѰҳ·ҪӦᣬȻҪܳһζʱ䣬һ¸ڹˣҵ˻룬гһҵܹ¿ϸڣʵһ
ĴҪõģЩطΪ˰˵Ͻҵʵֱ棬ǻĿռ䣬ʵں˰ҶүˣЩп̾Ϣ
ͷߴҶۼѰµĹҺڣǸһȴɣôܶ˶˶£ʱ⡣
ڸپҵģ¸ڹ˵پҵָùϢһЩṫԹϢЧԣǴƹȥҶƽ˵
ãʱĻŪһ˵ôҲοһ¡Ҷүӵͷ϶
ʵϣ߲ЩҲء
˸ũͬũٻԼأԺȲΪ޲׼Ĺ˶ԣû˹û˹룬̾ͱɳгƶˣҪǸǰЩᶯԴȪҲɲȶء
Ը߲ҲϣܹѰҽķЩìܡ
Сô˵ҶүӿҶһ߶ָЩʵ
ƽʱ̸ЩʱҶǵģеˣȻҲ˵ֻż弸ѡ
ҶүӸеЩ˼飬ԼӺȻתԣˣ
ҶƽΪشС˵иҪҪҲĺ«ʲôҩ
ŶҪ飿Ҷүظһ䣬;¶ĥģҶøҪ飬Ǿ;ԲС¶Ǵſڵġ
˵ĿⶼеҶϣҶȴŤͷԺ˵ȥ¥ϿͷϢɣҶҵļ£ڲ󷽱ġ
˵ͷȻ˸ǣ¥ȥˡ


307 Ҷҵľ
Ҷҵ¥ʵľģȥᷢ⿩
طŻŲ¥ҵ˿ͷȻڴ
飬ʵ۽磬ܹͬһͥ棬ۼôһԺյĴҶǶһݶ
ֻǺͺҲе棬ҶҪ˵ʲô飿
һӵıӦ˭ҲûҶ飬뵽ҶԼֱעĶķŵĺͼֱǸǸйϵġ
źͼƺһ֮ĶλþڱϣӵԵӦڵĶ˹еı󸽽ĸ
뵽Ҷһֱ˹Ǳ߶ܣ;ҶһǷʲôܣҪԲŻԼ֧Ͼ漰һЩܵ飬Ǹ޹صĻ黹ʺϽ롣
飬ϾƽʱĹûжĹϵ
ֻǺڴϣҲеշת࣬ߵĸо
ҶҵĿʹɾ࣬УҲû˯ëɾǲ֪Ϊʲô˺ܾöû˯š
ʧˣԼǶҶҪ˵鹢ڻɣ
ܹһ˶ضԴ飬ԲһС¶
˯ţʹӴͷһݱֽзȴһڲοϣûеһ֡
ʵԺڵļƽʱҲӴֶⲢشɲһݵڲΣٸʡϸɲʸĵ
ݺܶ࣬Ŀ䵽һƪֹ̽ĸ﷽ϡ
ΪϴҶ۹Ʋְ¸ڵ⣬ԺȻȻؾͶⷽݲȤ
һ£ȻһƪɵʵеƲƶȵ£мǷǳģһִʹĸо
µΪ˽ҵڹ񾭼еıأǲȡģԵѹƹҵķչȴδؾǺʵġ
ҵͬʱڵ˽ҵԣܳأΪгصḣ˽ҵҪô࣬ɻǮɻˣ֮ⲢûʲôϽḣʲô˵˽ҵǰûʲô
ȱپҲмҪأһǹ˽ԣгصḣڶǹûȷȷͶ򣬹˵ͶûзӡǹβҶѹвƲһ顣ǹְȨҶжΣûоͷ
Ϊĸǵ¹ȱĸҲʾΪҵëùƲ飬ʵǽ̬ȣΪڵĿȥг˽ʵҲûʲôƿԡ
ʾ˽͹ȣֻһƣǿԸӲпذˣ̶ȵեȡʣֵҪκε
ܽһ£ڵҵ˽ǹͶԶߣľҵ֯˽ûбȹֳơ
˽ܹ֮չΪڴڴ۵Ͷ
ԣ˽Ѹٷչʱڣûлҵڵ⣬ֻǼ򵥵Ʋ£ɹҵʲĴʧǶȱŬɹıѡ
Ϭһƪ°翴֮ͷ˵ƪµǵĻڹȻĿǰĹơ
ҪǷǰĻֱӾͱһ彨Ĵñӣ䵽ũȥˣһĻøŪз
ҲǿڣǷſһЩŲõԴ
翴һͰеļƪмֵƼҶƽ
Ϊ淭룬ҪʵҲǺܶ࣬Щ飬Ҳעһ¡
е˯ʱ򣬺Ȼƶ绰
һȻί鳤أҲġ
С磬Ҷ𣿡ڵ绰ʵеżӡ
Ҷڸ̸ʲô𣬴磿ʵ
ʮзʳж¼Լϰѧ˸к֢״ҸϽϢͨҪʱҶǻ㱨˵
ʲôʱ飿һæ׷ʵ
֮󲻾÷ģҽԺڽǻûзصĲھֳء˵ţԶɽгҲˡΪʮкܶ໪ӵܣͳսĳҲˣҶڵȽ
ȥҶǻ㱨ʲô㼰ʱѵ绰˵󣬾վȻ¥ȥ
¥µһȺˣʱȴǴ۵Сۡ
ԭҶ飬ǵ̫ˡ
ҶչʾǷݺͼҶǷǰļݣϵɫ侫ʡ
ݶĸؼƻ̫ܡ
ļģڱ󺣵£ǰͺ⣬˴֮йҵ͹ϣԼз
֮⣬ļлᵽ̨缶ĽͺǱͧĴڡҶ˵ļأضУзͼ֮⣬ͬʱܷҳ͵ѺϽǱͧ˵б˹صĴڣЩѺϽǱͧĴڣΪ˱ڸҾѺϽǱͧĺаȫ
쵼˵ĵ׼˴սʱؿкսĸǱǱָͧģ̨缶Ϊ˼ĿгɹӦǱ3000׵3.5ȫѺϽǱͧҪʱ㴬ǼһӦѼװûıָӽһ20ȫ䵼԰Ľͺ޼ʵװһҪʣͨһ뵼ռ䣬õ2.5ʵռ䡣ҶļеһЩҪ֣˽ܣ󺣰300״Ⲽ53˵Ĵͺ⣬30ʼ͸Ӫеѧҡʦȸ˲ţԼӪгĶͯĨ֤ݣȫսиƼо޸߾ȼƷʳԲνǱͧ䣬ǱֻҳյǱͧг쵼˱ϵͳԱ׼ٴθˡ
¶Ҳ֪ļٵġҶԴҲʾһĻɣҲʾ˵б˹ûŪһļƭҵıҪ
ҶүӺͶүӶ˼֮Уļе׻УѾеĴԱܶ˸񲪶ֻ֪˹ʱͳľС㱨ǰǿӲɹǵһˡ
ȷʵѲ֤ԼԿǱͧȥ̽
Ȼ׻ʵڵĻӦδأ
Ҷү΢۾˼˺ܾ֮󣬲˵飬û׼ǴڵġҼǵʮʱ򣬹ڵһֹͻȻʧˣ˵ȥʧȥеϢ˵Ǳ˸ɱˣҲд˵Ǽˡ½½ҲһЩ鷢֪ܶĶѧڴϴʧȥϵƺ׻صϢǺϵġ
ĴڣܶǹҵӰǾ޴ġүӵ۾⣬¶ǳע
С黹Ϊãһй¶ȥ˶ӣѱ֦ڡҶү̾;ˣȵˣƺɡ
ҲáҶǽ±һ£ܵõѾǺܺˡ
˵֮䣬ʹ¥ϴҴҵҶƽ˵Ҷǣսӵ鳤ĵ绰ʮзʳжѧҽԺȣ
СҶƽʱһ˵ôƫƫʱأ


308 ң
Ҷ˵һ䡣
Ҷƽһۣһƶı飬ʱͰʵҲ˵ҶƽʲãֻȺж¼һ㶼ǳУжԭ򣬻Ͼ;ķչ
ежͶʳг⣬´ҸкأҪȸġ
ˣǷ˰ţҶƽѯʵ
ԶɽгѾȥֳΪʮкܶ໪ӵܣͳսҲȥˣҽԺĻʱûг鳤ﶢţһҶǻ㱨罫Ǳ߶˽ܡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬵˵ͷȻԺ˵Ҳͨгĵ绰Ҫͨ
ӦһȻͿʼԶɽƶ绰
绰һͨˣԶɽӵģ˵һ䣬Ȼͽ绰תҶƽ
гҶƽҶƽ˵
ҶãԶɽԶɽش
˾˹ͨԶɽֽǱ߶һ飬˵ҽԺѧǶ˲˵ƿ֢״صѧ֢Ҽ໤ֻʱûзʲôж
Ҷһ߶˵ڣΪͶĻͲһϳԵĲ棬Ƿⶹ˿ֶãǺɼ帹кġ
ҶƽˣھͰ⻰˹ȥ
˵绰֮ԶɽԱ߶ͳսʵгҶʲôָʾ
ʲôָʾԶɽû˵˵òûⶹ˿˵ⶫãɸкⲻǳô
ˣһ̯Ҳ¶׶ҶôֳôϹָӣ
ǻû¶ãҽԺǱ߶ĸ˾ܹˣгã²ãԭˣ
Ŷ˵˵𣿡˶ʱһ
һԣֻҪжԭͽһֻҪ֢ҩͿˣ˵ĻϾͷŻضˡ
飬һ㶼ǵ߶ģԶɽԴ˸е磬Ψֳ˴ӣԼܲ
ˣҽԺĸ˻شͨǵĺ˲飬ԼѧУṩϣһ𷹲˴ɵļ帹к¼ԭǱⶹ˿ˮʱ򲻳ףеĶصѧĳθΣʳж
ԶɽͳˣʱҶƽȻû뵽ҶȻǳţҲûʲô㾭飬ԶھȴܹǾˣ
ȻˣΣԴ󲻴󣿡Զɽʵ
ʵصĻԼͻָˣҩ͸һû¶ˡҽԺĸ˻ش
ҾͷˡԶɽһȻҽԱ֣ʾл
һϣûгӡ
гԶɽһʮеĲģȻǩһŻͬչѧУʳȫļ飬žƵͬ¼ٴη
ҶƽӵԶɽͨƽµĵ绰֮Ƿ
ô֪Ǳⶹ˿жһˣЩ˼飬ǾҶѯʵ
ѧУķˣһ˵ǱȽϰȫģȻζܾ⣬ܲڰ˸ԻˡҶЦŻشļ쵽ˣһǱⶹеĿʼ澭׼ʵݵˣԳҲͶˡⲻʲô⣬龪һɡ
ҶƽЦû¶ͺãҸսӵ绰дҪֱӷɻȥˡ
ǿɲСҶʾںôҲǹҼ쵼ˣ¶һҪȣЩȻȥһҲþܹ߹Чʡ
Ҷƽͷ˵ģԼȥĻҽԺҪֳһкԼƹûʲôôôһЧûеõ½ˡ
һ֣˯⣬
ܻص飬Ȼˣ´ѾĬԣԻת˹ⷽ档
ɶʡعҵأ׳ӵĵطҶ˵ڶطԱѾʼֹϷһЩصˡ
˭˵ģô飿ҶүˣЩĸо
ɶʡĺڶⱣҲһűģ˵ҲѲϵ
ɶͰȷǳģѺɶⱵ󣬹ΪĻӰ£һַǳ򲻸εı֡
ݾκι¾ƶȽתУֺɳ⡣Ҷ˵ɶһת͹УȻǸϹҵأڹҵˣֻʣ¸֡ΪϣƻɫΪŨȻѾгøĸ꣬ʮ۵ȻһһϦܽתУͼԴΪĳЩԱաһ㣬ǡǡΪȨڡṩ
ɶ˶Ȩĳģ۶ôԵˣȨǰ쳣˳˼ʹϵһֺ
һԹ򱻸ȡʶΪϵʶȡֱӵ¶ȨĳݣŲר
ȻˣκһֻҪһ֯ڴڣ䱳һڱɡ
һԭǲֻȨ֯ɢǶúڰԱշѡǨȼִֵҶʱһ֯󣬸µǣһЩӦɻȨյְΪ֯ȡһɥʧṦܣͻԶӷֲΪƵһ֣ôһͲˡ
ʵϣԱͺĹᣬǱ뱻ô򵥣һطԵļȵ漯ŵ⡣
ĽɫȻ¼ЩԱûݺִ֯ȴȻҡЩ£ЩԱڡסһֱӵȨڶ񻯡
ЩطԵļȵ漯ŻϿ˵еԴǷǳǿƣôôʱ޷ĳ̶ȡ
гòǼ򵥵һһȨ˳ĹУ˺֮ȴºܴһƬհסתʱڵƶʧʹúķ̬֯Դڣӵеıƹڣıȡá棬ոԴԱɵطԵļȵ漯šҶҶү˵ɶʡֽΪƫԶĵγĺ
ҶүúϸЩҪоǵݣɴƳһϵеӦߡ
һӺ󣬾ǷݶǾ˵ƪʷϬ¡
дúܼ񣬲ȴʡ۵
ҶүˣҲ˵ͷʾҲƪ£Ҷƽ˶֮ϵĸɲȻҲǷ׷ۣ˵ڻи˵滰ͬ־ģֻǲ֪߾ʲô
Ҷ޶Եһ߶Ȳ裬ƺһ
粻ɵЩʵôûзӦ㲻Ǽ˼в˰ɣ
ֿԻǴڵģҶһµһ̬ôܿùߴҿ佱ˣ
ңҶϵָָԼıӣɫػش


309 СVC
ڶһ磬ҶԼ˳衣
ÿһλصǣʵʵС㷢룬СҲǳӵسʲô顣
ϣǵĽ¥ġ
¥ʼӪҵʱ䲢Ҳ£һжԵñȽʣ˵ҲǾĳҵӵܿģǽϵĴʦķҲƫڽϷζֻҲоǵϴͳν˴ҵʳϰߡ
Ϊ߶ϷϵȽ϶࣬ھĸ۰̨ͬҲܶ࣬ʡǱ߶Ҳ߽ܶ࣬¥֮󣬾ܸоһ龳
Ȥһ㣬Ҷ˻֮Уȴȫڽʲô
ƹͨشҪиȥҶЦŶԳ˵
Ų˵ۿĳˣݸһЦ˻Ȩ쵼ǲһһھǴƹͨ㵹Ƿˣ˼ȴҪܾˡ
´£ˡҶش㿴ڷ׷ѧӢΪ˳ΨһĳСǿԹˣҲҪ
ҪСָڲ˵˼£ͽԱ߶ķ
˵͵Ҷ߶ҪѯʵʱҶ˵ؾӵĽˡ
һ£ȻŷӦ˼ſŲãû׼Щ
ǾͰλСʽһݶɡҶΪһֵ
ллϽŲ˵ˣΨҶٱʲôġ
濴Ҷ˵ʱ򣬲ܿǸСӡ
⻰ô˵ҶϾӺһȻʵ
СӣôЩһСϷ淴ʵ
еʱĵۣ㲻ҵӣƵϵġҶشԺܶ˶øַˢڸУҪ֤ԼĴڲһãҲССֶѰɡ
ɡ沢û϶˵ʲô
ʱˣõǺܲҶҲʲôë
ţķͶˣҶ˼ڣȻʵ
ˣˡһ¶ԵЩߵӣеĲϡ
ôˣҶʡ
ƭ򡭡Ʋֵ˵
ʲôô󵨣ȻСǮҲƭǻ˰ɣҶеǳԾ˵
ʵ˵Ҳʲô¶ֻǳոͶʵһСĿǸļԽ۷һĽһɹĻĿǰг𵽺ܴӰ졣
Ϊ֧ɣͶԪңۿžͿ¶ˣǸĿˣȥձеļҲˣóСеǳŭ
̫ɺˣСߵ˵˼£ûȻǸ飡
ҶˣҲǾЩۣСôһʼƭǮķأﲻȥҪȥСձǲ֪
˵ˣСձЩǱȽϿصģƶԷȥܹƾеķõһǮ
һҪ취ҳڶСѱѩ޵νҶ
ҶԴҲеЩͷձԸȥһңѲԼܴ˳ȥ˸ץǿ϶ǲܵ飬ԼȻܹһ֣Ҳ̫׶飬ձǱ߶Ҳܸӣܹ㶯֣ǲܹþ⡣
ǣСڶҲǲܲġ
ŶԼĳ棬ҶȻһЦôˣʱձ˰ǸһԶ͵ǰΣӦľ棬Ҳ١
£濴ҶϵţЩŵʵ
Сһ׮ˡҶгػش
˵˵ҪˡȻҶ뷨ǳȤͣ͸Ҳûʲôֱˡ
ôһǣŪҶемܲס
˵˵˵˵Ҳż顭Ҷ˵
ʵİ취ܼ򵥣ֱڹרֱκһר룬Բҵʹֶνд
Ҫһ㣬ϳҶԣҲǺܼ򵥵һ顣
ܵձȥ޷ǾҪļһüǮҶļȷʵЧձ˾Źᣬǵʹ˸ϵ۵ʱȴֵòг׼֤ôǻôأ
һǳȻͻἱͨƽشԭҪ￨ǵĲѽ
ǺǣֻҪйгͲܲô˵Ǿ͵ôʱɲǣгͰǲҵءҶ˵
֮ԽҶ˵Ļе൱ڼ棬ŶԷ󣬼ӣܱòˡ
ˣȻҶһ̢
ٺ١ҶЩܳӣһǿŶѡ
ڳСп;úˡ
Ȧ˼Ŀ꣬¿Ƽ＼ԴӦõĿͶʶǧԪһ£Щ׼أöȦһΣҶ˵
ûţҶһ˦־͸һԪͶʶȣôһֽ𣬵Ȼܶ飬ԳͺܻѼһЩ˹˾İҪЩոմҵûиԣķչʽĹ˾֮УѰҺʵĿ꣬ʱ롣
ЧͣˡҶӢһ䣬Ȼе׶ǻ
һ֣Ա߶ıڼ˹Ƥ˹Ȼҳ˼ϣݸҶ
ҶͷȻǼĿмкּŰļͶʣҲͨѶƷʽ֧֣м²Ʒзķ
˷ע⵽һĿȻVCDӰƹ롣
ĿǴģҶȤָĿѯʵ
ǵµѼİɣֻǾĿȽ˼ԲŻŽĿУôĿȤЩʵ
ĿҪΪҶӰ죬ԹһЩ¼ȽϸȤ¼ĲҵͶüӦõеĿͶ˱Ƚ϶ĹעԵĿʱ򣬾˳ˡ
ҶǷݷЦЦȷҪѡĻҸ׷һԪͶʶΣ
ȻĿҶĻ֮󣬾ȵزվ
û뵽ҶȻȥͨķһίرʾԸһԪͶʼƻ
濴ҶԼλ׼δˣҪԼˡ


310 Ҷٵĺֶ
濴VCDĿΪȽ˼ѣҶĿȴΪĿ㹻ֵʶ
ûܹVCDӰ֮󣬻ڹʲô˳ˣǿ˵һĸҲǼͥӰԺʽ߽ͥı־
ʵϣڲǰʱ׼֯׼㷨ƶ͹γһѹҵ²ƷѸת㣬ӶһӰӼĸִõһƼء
ڵĵһ̨VCDӰȴι˾1993Ƴġ
VCDӰһּ⡢硢еһƷMPEGѹCDϵĲ۸Լ۱ȸߡĿḻǵϿɡ
ȻͼȺɫѷɫLDDVDΪ۸أԼʹõıԣδӰͨͥΪҵƷѵȵ㡣
VCDӰĻоͷŷ·źŴ·CDֻͬCDĻһMPEG·ƵD/A任·ˣVCDӰɲCDԼVCD̡
VCDӰųͼˮƽΪ250ߣ൱ڼ¼VHSطͼˮƽʵϣΪVCDӰ˼ȡϢʽ뼤ͷ֮䲢ĥ𣬲ʹʱ䳤ʹͼVCD̻ͼڼ¼
Ҷ˳ݹϣϸϸؿһ飬Ȼкܶ༼ǻԭԼ֪VCDһµĶںĽ뼼ϣƺҲһЩơ
ԣ֧Ŀģϸڷ棬ҪĿһЩ淶ԵԼҶԳ˵
СܺãҲû뵽ԼּһĿȻܹҶۣ֮гɾ͸С
ô˵ҶҵҲãڹʽгҲգǺ绽Ĵ֮ˣʱȻܹĿǶС㹤һֿ϶
֪СȻмϲ
˵ɣءЦűʾΪܰһԪƭ֣һҲûʲôġ
٣ˡҶһʱ䣬ʱЦ
ſ˵ˣûע⵽Ѿʮһˣ趼Գ緹СûбߣѾǷǳˡ
ǻǻط緹ɡҶ
Ҳáͷͬˡ
Ȼ˵ǳһ裬ⶫʵ̸ʱ࣬Զʱ٣ʱ磬;Щˡ
˸һ¥ȥ˲Զġˮ˼ҡ
ˮ˼ҡҲ¿һҷׯǽˮϵģʹʵһһĽˮ鿸̨һҲȱɫϢ
ԱǶǴŽˮ׷Σȥʵӡ
ûдڴ棬˻
Ҳܰϯӣֻʱ˸װ֮ҲСʮͬʱͣΧճأΪԱŵĿռ䣬βжͨδһںжĸӵҲȼкʵʳģҲʱƷ
ĴⲻҶŴ֮󣬺źϵ磬Щп˵
ϰˣûоʲôסס߶ȴûʲôʸС
Ʋ˶Ѿ͹ˣһ߶Сãһ߶̸Ŀ顣
Ŀĳʲôϸ𣿡Ҷѯʵ
Сͷش
⣬ǿ϶ǵò𰸵ģϾԼҵҵܣô͸¶
ҶǰСȫûбҪںС¶
Ҷ־ܸһ𣬻ںЩ
Ͽ˿֮ҶЩ죬ΪĿĳˣ֪λѵ˵ʷ¼ϳƫҶܹȷ
ҪVCDͲܲὪ¡ˡ
19939£ǽMPEGͼѹӦõƷϣƳɹһȫƷһ̨VCD
ࡱйʶVCDVCDҵ
û뵽ǣֻʱVCDйѸ𣬲ȫ򣬳Ϊһ100ԪĴҵӹҵձҪƵVCD
ֻ˶̶5꣬VCDӰۼ5000̨˰ࡢߡ¿Ƶȹ쵱ƷơࡱȴҵУȴӡˡҡгݶ100%2%
̸ʧܵԭڼϣࡱVCDȴûרк󱻹Ĺ˾׷׷ƣЩԽͶVCDҵгʽг
ࡱȺľ֣ȴûбԼĶơ
ʽϣࡱǰоͶ1600ԪʱйϰնVCDʶΪ㣬ΪгࡱͶ20 00ԪǰͶ̫࣬ࡱѿظʽĶȱʹáࡱ粽С
гϣࡱ𲽽׶ΣгӪ鲻㣬ûӲƷгʽҪڼгؽ׶Σ롰ࡱƷƻͶŹȣࡱгӪԵģδƣгݶʳΪѡ
ࡱг伣VCDҵƱã󳧼ҲƳ¼VCDƷ1999꣬ڼҾУ֪ҵСգࡱؿҵתͣDVDƷʼȡVCD
һVCDͻƽʱ䣬Ҳôʮʱ䣬ǱضĴ幤VCDˡ
ҶҲVCDг˥Ḷ́гϵĿӦòʲôĲԣЧرԼ¼²Ʒл棬ͬʱ׷ģԼĻᣬӶʹָܹʱ䡣
ʱСҪͶĿҶȻҪһЩ飬Ļû׼VCDҵͱ˳ˡ
ԣ֧ĿģҪ顣Ҷ˵רĳ˱ȷȻ㲢ʺϳרͨ˾ܹרȫʹȨôҵרǻн顣ξг⣬һͶȽ϶࣬ҪƷƣΪҪǹռϵ⣬Ǻصģ࿪ĲƷ˺׾ͲⲢҷ죬ô㼴רҲռ̫гȻ
ҶǺȷģһӵжصĹռܡѧĹڴ¾ĿԱпܳάּϵȵλһŷһЩҵϾͿѧ
ð߿׵صõ߿ļôߵļŬͻӴˮһա
֮ϸıƶȡרֹҵιۡп豸סǸɼԱҶܽĻҲԸǩһ֮ͬڲеڶͬҵ档
ǰ𣿡Сû뵽ҶֶξȻôȻҪɱжֵռ䡣


311 
̳սҪνʴȷŵ̳ǻẦԼҵҶشˣֻ̳иƴɱȻʤΰˣһʼʱ򣬾ͷɱֵг·Լ¢ϵıȶԣϲһ֣
һ¢ϣ᲻øּįһֻСƱЩŷʵ
ƨС˵ĻҲ棿ҶȻʲôഺʲôʹǶеĵ۵ëӲŻȥĶĸֻ֣һ㣬̵ʱڣأܶ࣬Ϊ˭ϲɱɱǸϣϰɣС˵ƭԼ
ҶµС˵ڣĪĳЩװƣһֶԻûгɳ˵㻹̫ҿķչּįѰһ̫ˣȥٿɣ
ΣҪɱѿ׶εģѵЩֶ԰׳ղɣ
ͨƱ棬˵ͨġ濴ҶйҲû˵ʲôͬĻֻʡ
ֻ˵ñ棬û˵ֻһVCDĹҶЦЦ
еˣ֪ҶҪʲô˼ƺеΡ
ȻñVCD棬ôôVCDأ
Ҷһã̾Цһɵ⣬Ҫһ֧ͰռӵĹλǿ϶ǲʵģٻķҵ˼˵ͬʱüͬƷƣֱ߸еͶ˵ļλVCDӰôһͿԺеûȺõƷƿͬʱӴ棬˵ƷƣôһͰ˵λøռˣӶﵽе·ñ·ߵЧ
˵е·ñ·ߡ֮󣬵ɴ۾Ҷ˵Ҷ٣鰡
ԽǱķʽѣҪҶָָԼԴһҪԼ˼룡
ðɣҳǸ˼ˣΪ˼ɱЦЦеľƱ
ɱҶҲеľƱһ
ںŻƮţһ߶Ŷ
ĸоôȻʵ
ܺ棬Ҷʮĸôĸо
ͣӦϴѧɣԼȻ˵ҲԼҲʼ·ͶҵѧУǾȥģֻûбȥôƵѡ
뵽ҶѾһĹίΣʵϵĴȨյһ֣͸еЩ棬ΪҶûл˼ڸĹϣίεܲһ㡣
ܻɣһŹίεĸ˳չ
ҲûʲôĸоҶĥһ֮Żش˵ӦйʵˣҸɲ
ҶٻںǵǮһٷǮɡĸоû뵽Ҷ뵽ȴǹ⣬ɵЩЦ
Ҳô˵٣Ϊҹõı꣬ȽϴҶһػشʵһٱλᣬҶڹʵĹעʵϾǶȨλĹעԺܶڼԷʱ䲻һ䣬õĹôһ¿Ǯǲ֧𣿡
ҶٲҪ֧˿֧˵
ǹǺģûôǮҶЦţ˹жɹ˵ĻƾҪ˿֧ƺҲǰ첻顣
ҲЦֽͷ£һ£ȻʵãһVCDĿõһԪ
ҶŵٴעһԪĻ⣬شзһԭ򣬾;Ҷƺ޵ĿͶȽϴֻǾǷõһԪһδ֪
ǺǣʵҹǧԪ㹻ˣʣµƷƵģгҶԳ˵һܴ⣬ƬԴ⣬ûпǹ
ƬԴ⣿Ȼûпǵ⣬Ҷôһ˵֮󣬾üͷ
һ仰˵úɸΪ֮Ҷ˵VCDӰȻҪVCDӰܹۿݣӰҪʲôݣûпǹ
Ӱ£¼һ̾ͻش
Ȼ˵ڴӰԺпӰĸоܺãҲһЩ⣬˵ԼҪ¾ʲôģӰԺδؾзţԼڼ濴ӰֱֻVCDӰݵӰһи㶨ˣôô
ǿǵһ㣬ԲΪãӰСVCDӰӵкܴǱг
Ӱ˭ӰأҶһʵ⡣
ȻǡҪ˵𰸣ȴҶߵ΢Ц̴סȻ⣬Ȼ̧ͷʵ˼˵⣿
ȻˣҶЦŻشΪӰİȨߣôͬǵĵӰݣ
ŶѵҪǮȥ򣿡Щ
ǮȥȻûʲô⣬֮󣬱˾¼¼ӰȻȥͼֻۣʲô󣿡Ҷʵ
⡭ͱȽѰˡ̾üͷ
ǰԼѾ޶ʽ𣬴ӵӰİȨʹȨȴ˸¼ȥĲһԼ̬϶ƽⲻ˵ġ
Ҷָ⣬ȷʵóеᣬ֪δ
ų˳˼ҶЦСȻⷽЩԶϾᣬʵʲ̫ˣ©
Ҫ֪VCDĳ֣VCD̶ԣʵϲǻ¶ڹڣV C DĳֶռV C DԱҪãV C D˷ĵԭһΪɱΪV C DûκΰȨʩ
滹ǵV C DֻҪŽԹܿļļУȻô¼ԡ
Ȼһ̶ϵġܡҲֻͨ޸ļķʽļ̸ȫûκεֿ
ֻҪҹĵӰԴVCDƬ֮ͻִĵƷг
ⷽһоͻشʧļƻ
ڹڣҪٷ¸ˣΪڶʱ֮ڻȡ޶ĲƸûʲôǲġ
ڸƵVCD飬żʵߣרҵҲǶʮܸ㶨֮Ͷ룬ȴһŵƬǮĳɱ߶Ļر͵͵ÿԺԲƵĳɱ֮ľ޴󷴲ܶ˳ɱ
ԶԳԣĵӰԴԽ࣬ܵʧԽء
Ҫôźأһ˫ĿҶ


312 з
ҶǰȷʵóеЩǡ
ؼһ㣬ƬҪЩӰʹȨһʲô飬Ͷ̫ĻǳҲܲġ
ȻеԪǣϼһԪңܹܹﵽ߸ҵĹǳͶʵĿֻVCDӰһ
ˣҪһ룬ԼӦô
ͶVCDӰƺһܲѡ񣬼罫г¢֮󣬱Ȼ¼¼гȫȡӰҪͶʹ󣬳Ͳòһ£ôǷˣ
Ҷ֧һԪͶıǷֵȥôأ
ڳ֮䣬Ϳ˶žƱǳõҶǾʵӦг˰ɣΪʲôҪЩΪң
ûǻ¶Ҷ̷ϵҲܿЦǲǰʯͷԼĽֻĥԲߣʲôطܹ㡣
뵽𣿡ʵ
뵽ˡҶͷش
Ǿ˵˵ҪУ˵
ҶݸһЦ˵Լ뷨
һʵʵعȨӰ˾һһҵ̸ûϰͶ룬һӰƬVCDȨ
ôĻ˵ԺûгչȨܰ˸Ͷʽһ֮֡󣬶ʱеǳͷۡ
һһӰƬôؼչһǧӰƬҪͶʮҵʽôߵͶȥһŵƬ۶ʮԪʮԪĴҲҪŵƬܹⷽͶ롣
ο֮ĵ⣬ҲὫг壬ѭĻԶӯ
ڶأ˵˵̾ͽ·Ӹ񶨵ˡ
ڶͼˡҶЦЦԵȥչƬƬİȨȻӡƵƬ͡
ô𣿡ʾ˻ɡ
ӰƬչôҵĹۿ󣿶VCDӰгҲǽӰƬͳŵġ
ҲҪϰٲӰƬ΢г֧
ҪʹгǾҪĵƬԴˡ
ν֮һҶ˵Լֻһʾãյҷ׷תƸӰƬVCDƬԴֻҪͼг𽫻ǳѸ٣Ƭгķ٣ֱӻƶVCDӰгĻ𱬡
һ仰˵Ҷ˼ô⡣
VCDӰƳ˲Ʒ֮Ӱô飬ҸоЧ֮ȻҪѰҸӰƬԴôʱ̾ͿԱʾԴϵУֻǶԷ̫ߣδһ£ĵȴ
ôһȻкܶ˿ʼԽŶƬгһ󵰸Ŷ
Ȼһʲôһ߲Ŷʮ򣿣
ôߵĻرʣΪʲô
ԣƬгͱҸˣǵƬǷ棬ŵӰʱЧһġ
Դḻֱ֮߳˴֮⣬ȻӰˡ
Ŷְ취ó֮󣬴Се
ⲻǰ취񣬻ҪԼ뷨Ҷ˵
ĥһӣǾⶼʡ
ˣҸɴ취һòãҶѯʵ֮ǰȷųչһٲӰƬVCDȨһʮԪԸһչǣЩмںģҲǿ󣬴һλᣬǺȥɣ
Ҷͷͬ취˵ùȥġ
ǧԪͶгĹڣӦ˵Ǻˡ
˵ԺгᷢչʲôӣǾͲһܹ˵ģоаɡ
֮󣬳еȽϿģҶһ飬ѩ̿һӾʹ˼·VCDĿǱгֵԼӦôġ
ԴȻҶ˵
ŶҶһ¡
ųı飬ƺûʲô⣬ҶһСǲҪˣ
ҶаϲԽԴ˹ȥ׼ܳС⡣
ԸΥСֻҶԴë׵ĺ˼ȻŸпǻ۵Ĵ԰
ôһŪҶеЦá
˵ͷŮ˵ĽţǲģҪεġҶʾ
Цúܿ֡
ʵͶܼ򵥣׼Ŀ־ǡҶȻ˵ֻ㿴Ŀдڵ⣬ǶĿߵ˼·飬ǾҪضԴˣVCDĿҾͽֱԼ˼·
Ͷȷʵø㣬Ҫʽ̫ˡ̾˿Ȼⷽ飬ҲǺġ
ҶȴһתʵڵĹʷͶʼҪԭݻˣVCǾܹ裬ԶҪݵĳɹڴҲܵⷽӰ죬ԶԣڵķͶģȽСֵһᡣ
ݣʵ鲢Ǻ˽⡣
ڻû֮ǰܶ϶ǾһȽרҵСȦ洫ģԳС㲻ݵ飬Ҳʲôϡ¶
ӣʵǷͶ䰸֮һ
60ԺԽԽҵ͸߼ҵִԭϻͨ··˺Ӱԭ󹤳ɹƳӴĹҵƷʱȻʧ΢۸񰺹ƷĹ˾ڽӽԭϲأԱѧҺ͹ԱѾΪýṹѵõƷ
һµĲҵԱͲƷķɢͬʱҲһµ⣬ǾѸ١ȫɿشݸϢͻرĳЩ¼Ժǿĸ߼Ʒ
ȻܶϢͨ豸ͣͼֽļŴԼС͵ԪȻǲͨѶ͵ĿĵصġЩ¼Ĺ˾ϢĹ˾˵ͳݺͻ˹˾ڿɿԺʱЧ϶ԶԶǵ󡣡Ҷ˵гϣҪһܹ֤ݡɿشͻĹ˾֡
Ϊҹҵ֮ҵҸ׵¡ʷ˹ƾеֱԤһָҹݷʮҪġ
ѯ˾ĵ1971628գݡ˾ʽ
ʷ˹ŬȡϵͳǩԼõȴϵͳܾܡҹݡϢ
÷ɻΪϵͳƱݵļƻʧܣصعܷɻڻﶯãոսݹ˾26ĸ׵¡ʷ˹սʧĳش
ʷ˹ûбǵصķˡ1972굽1973׵¡ʷ˹Ͷ75000ԪרҡԱʦ̵ɵĸ߼С飬ٴؽг顣Ҷ˵ͨгǱĿԷԵط֣˼֣ɵĻ˴ͳڸı䣬˶СǰʱЧ
ʷ˹ٴεгƶӪҵƻҪһ乤ɻҪȫͨߡ
ʷ˹ȻԼȫҲ850ԪעһͶݹ˾Ȼ߾ȫԻЩмҡͶ̽˵ܿ죬Ｏ9600ԪҵʷͶʱ߼¼
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313 
ûأʵǷ˸һծ񡣡ҶЦ
˵˵ʱԣӦǺг˰ôǷһƨծеЩˡ
ʷ˹ӮôߵķͶʲгжôջҲǷͶʼл漣ջ񣬶ĸ޹ϵͶʵķͶʼ˵Ͷǿʷ˹ˣһܳΪһѵõĴ񻰵ΰҵҡҶ˵
ŶõͷȻʵһǲҲΪҵĸ޷赲
ǰҶЦŻشҼһʱһľͱǧٿˣȻ޷ֵ˵Ǯˣǽ˶ûġ
ˣ졣һۣȴһ̵ĸо
ҶЦſų棬˵СǺƭú壬˵ûŪǷֲ嶫ϱˣٹĻϳɾͲô׺Ūˡ
ڻ÷Ͷ֮ʷ˹ĵһ¾ٴι33ܴӥɻһ׼19734£ݹ˾ʽʼӪҵҶ˵ݹ˾һʼ25ṩ񣬵ʧǣһҹ͵İֻ186ڿʼӪҵ26ݹ˾2930ԪǷծ4900ԪݴʱƲվ
أСλǰ飬ȻȽϸȤ
ҲѹˣµľǷͶʷԶƵİҲܹעֻǹڵֳɽ̲̫ˣһжҪԼĥҶ˵Ȼ֮õĺûᡣ
ôʷ˹һ׷ʵȽг΢ӪҶش
Ϊ˸ƾӪʷ˹߾ȫȡͻгΪõֵܾĺԼݹ˾6ߣѼ۸ɱúܵͣʹ˻Ƿ
Ȼʷ˹ȴڸõ棬Ϊҵûкܸߵȴ䵱˾档
Ҳڣƴݹ˾ĺ˶Ժҵƣ˻ҵ
ڶҵͻȻҪ˻ԴеҵӦӲϾûȥСеҪΪṩشгȱڣʹҵܿӡ
1975꣬˾ʼӯӪҵﵽ7500Ԫ
1976꣬ݹ˾350Ԫ
1977꣬Ӫͻ1Ԫ820Ԫ
1978꣬˾ÿԼ40%ٶʱݹ˾ӵ6700Աÿҹȫ896.5
1979꣬ݹ˾ӪҵΪ2.595Ԫ2140Ԫ
1983꣬˾Ӫҵﵽ10ԪΪʷϵһҴ첻10꣬չϲ10ԪӪҵĹ˾
80ĩڣݹ˾Ӫҵ볬35Ԫ1.76Ԫݹ˾ȫ90Һ͵ṩӵԱ5.4ˣҵָ궼Ծȫ纽ջ˹˾λΪȫҹҵͷҵ
1990꣬ݹ˾ƻ˼ʢķ潱ݹ˾ʷϵһ󽱵ķҵҶ˵ҵʷϣݹ˾ɷʱҵ֮һʹǵĳɹΪһִҵ漣ݹ˾ʧˣǾͲῴͶгĿǰԾȻͶгȻڣԾ̶Ҫѷɫöࡣ
ǰ˵ķ緶Ȼ˾˵ͷͬڹڣҲǷͶҵˣֻǲ֪һǷܹﵽԤڵĿ꣬ҲΪйͶҵıˣ
ҹƣⲻ󡣡ҶЦȴδ
ʵĹڣչĻʵ̫ˣǴӷزҵҵҵͨҵǴķҵᶼܶࡣ
ȻˣͶûֳҪȵ֮󣬵йʼеʱ򣬷ͶʹͶǲŻڹڱ
Ż񻰵ıĴ档
¾õҫ̫ĳݣڼʱꤺзɳǰ
йľ÷չ̶ֲʮ꣬ȳȴһϦ֮Ӵ˰ϯùڻûȫ׼õʱ״̬ƽƽĻᡣ
һȣеһֿ궯˶ԣʵƺôֿɼ
ųӵͬʱʱܿķʱû뵽֮Ȼ
ųȻй¾õ֮ĴĻȷΪȴйڴѺͬʱҲżŵȷͶ̵ʽ𣬴Ӷ¾õϷ򣬲Դ˴¾õĸ߳
ƽؾףͬʱԵǷʱľˡڴ֮ǰʱѾʼжˡ
߳󣬱ǵͳ¾ͬ⡣
20004£NASDAQı¾õϸһصѩʹ֮͡⣬ͬʱҲ֤һ㣬ͶǶʹͻȻ˵ʱ򣬵µĽħһ㡣
ҶҲǺģʱģû˻׷档
׷µʱȷʵûдռǡ
ʱҳɾ˻ʱĻԻͣʱҵı־个׳ноʵǣͶʼҵļįվֻһʱģйŻȻ׹
Զ޷ʱԣͬһVCܹᴩʼգȻܹڲͬʱչֳͬڲͬʱµǳ󻷾ԲͬͶʷľԡ뵽Ҷɵ˵һóеЩֵĻ
ʲôʾɣҶĻЩ⡣
ҵ˼˵ͶͦõģҪȡɹҶش
ڳԣͶҪʵҵõöࡣ
УֽϳҵϵڹûжǰڲƽģҶ֪Ⱦڱָ㣬ֻҪѡ׼ĿͶȥͿǳɳջϲá
ĳЩ߱ͶƣͬͬжȣƸͻһЩķͶڹ˽⣬֪ʲôģʲôǲģʲôܹ׬ǮģʲôǸвͨġ
ķͶͬȻҲڹڵĴˣĲ֮ͬͨںܴķ磬²һµڰЧʵӰҲԣܶҵַбˡ
ԣҶǳóķչֻһңĻ࣬չǰá
ҵȻҪõġƱһСڣȻЦ绨˵ҪȻҲ䲻Ҷѽ
ϣ˭˵䲻ҸҶˣͻͻһ£̾ؿڱ̬


314 һ
ڶһ磬Ҷȥܲξ鲿ȥ塣
¶ǶүӷԸģҪΪͷıˡ
˵߶ıҲ٣壬ټϺķ׵ˣЩʵ϶ıڣΪԭʦͷʥӣǸ極ߣİȫ
ôһҶ߾ͷ˿ˣԶүȥ塣
֮ҶԼҲе˼
ƺ鲿ıڲˣһ˶һ˶ļҵ׶ˣҲƢãûиƽ¶
Ҷ֮Ҳ̾˿ԭ׼ҲǹˣƫƫĴţǴסȴ¸̯ӣ˰ţвȥûм죬̿ô̯ӣҵعİ֣Լ˹ˡˣĻڶ˹Ǳ߶أҲ֪ôˣ
Ҷɳ棬ŶһһεģЦ˵ôеˣʲô飬ֻҪ֪ģ֪ܲˣ
⻰˵ÿ϶ûģΪ鲿ͷӣȨ޺ܴܳҲδؾܹȫƿĶĿ鼰أеʲô紵ݶ֪ľȻĴǡ
ֻҪ߾߶鱨벻ƿء
Ҷͱʾ岻װ
ү˵һȥ˹ʮҺǱͧܿͰѻ
ţô¶ҪЩǱͧǶѺϽģշҲһǮе׬ҶĻش𲻾ʵ
ҿ˵㻹йĸĴŶ̴ҶĻѻ
ٺ٣ôһѣʵĸǻǮкܶҪʱûлġҶЦЦ
ȻҪʲôֻҲʺϲ֮ȵԷ˵ʱ򣬲źò飬Ϊʱ硣
㿴ϵһҺĸʵ
Ȼ½ңšҶʵش
ŶǸǲͷ
ţʷǿĺĸţ˲ǽкĸǽػѲ󽢡
ʵҶȥͬҶƽʱŵṹѾˣٷ֮ʮĲֶѾװλʱеҪһЩ豸װ˵衢ϵͳװȵȡ
Ҹڵ鱨˵Ѿˮˣ֮ǰļ¼䣬Ѿκԣܲ
Ҫ˵ĻڳֵʱѾˡȴҶ˵
ʲô飿Ҷʵ
ҵ鱨ʾڿڸ˹ֵúܲ죬ҺĸΪʽԭ򣬶˹϶ǾܾڸǮˣͣڴ棬ռõڿýԴڿѾдˣֻǴְԣΪôʵ̫ˡ͵ԣڿҲͷҪ취
ԭҶ֮˳˼֮С
1962꿪ʼһĪ˹ơػѲ󽢣ֱĸ1970꿪ڶػѲ󽢣ͺĸ֮1982ֿʼ1143.5ͣΪ򡱺ţػѲ󽢡
1983ʱ˾ĸʲƷԪ˧ڶ1143.5ػѲ󽢵룬ƻõ˵ʱ˹ŵ֧֡
1985126գ1143.6͡ӡʽںں촬
ڡ򡱺ŵĽͲԾ飬ӵļ㣬Ծװɡš12ȸĽΪ14ȡ1143.6ػѲ19881125ˮʱҪṹѾɡ
ļƻӡűӦΪ1143.5͵2ŽΪʱص豸ѾµķչӦԭƽиĽ
19866£1143.6͸Ľƻ׼ҪǸĽ״ϵͳ͡³ķԿվ״ȡ򡱺ŵġǡó׷硱״ͬʱ1143.6Ͷ豸Ҳ˴ȸĽ1143.5͸ĽۼƳ150
Ϊ¼ƻʹԤ9¡19907£ӡʽΪ񡱺š
˵ӦѾɷˣϧΪںս֮ͼ۱ʯͳĶó˲ɾҩĵزʽݽߣ޷Ͷ롣
ΪЩԭŵĳнߣڿĺں촬ֻȰѴͨнһЩôʹֻĽά촬
ȥҹȥʱڿ˾ͱʾʽˣû뵽һʱǾȻܼͶ룬캽ĸѵáҶʾ
ֲ֧סˡҶ˵ڽֲ֧סˣǶ˹Ǳ߶ڷ۵Ҳ⣬۵Ĵ㣬˹˺ѾʹˣҪʹҲУֻڿԴޣǴ޵ķãȴǶ˹֧ġ
Ҷ˵֮ʱͿʼת
ʵϣŵĹעһЩΪҺĸϻ֮ʽڹ͹һҺĸڶԻź˹˺źĸĹעСˣֻӡкĸ⹫԰ʲôġ
Ϊԭûϸ˽ź˹˺źĸ˵һ©
ʱ¶Ҷͷβϸˡ
ǰĸ׽1970꣬1975꽨ɷۣǰӵ콢һǰ
˹˺źĸǰĸĵڶң1978۲1979걻̫ƽ󽢶ӡ
ʱ˹˺൱⣬ĵʹǰԶûдʷ˹˺ŵĸںˣձֻ200ຣս80ձ˹˺âڱ
˹˺û˺ڱϻأΪڿѾĸȴڶ˹Ҫ޿ԣҪԪͬҲĶ˹ֻ
˶˹˺ŷǳȤⱳӦ˵ӰӵġҶ˵˵Լ鱨Ա˹˺ŵ˼·ǳ棬пǹȥоĴ㡣
Ҷ֮ЦӴʲô⣬һ۾ܹҲĿǣҲЦ˼ˣʮЦٲˡ
ˣҲҶĹעʼͬʱҺĸµĿԣôһĻԼʽ飬治һĴ
Ȼ˵ֱӹĸĳɱǺܸߣǧԪ֮ھͿԸ㶨ȡһǮǺͱȽ鷳ˡ
飬ڵҪҪأ


315 вص
ɽɽ»ɲгһպ˪ֻɲ֪ôţҶȻʫ˳ھ˳
Ƕǰ״дҶҲЩʧˡ
ǰǲһĳ˶ӲӲȴѾ֧飬ķѣԼĺĸסˣֻ˵Ƿˮת쵽˱˼ҡ
źĸܳȾ274ף50ףˮ10ףˮ43500֣ܹ200000ɻ𽵵Ĵװ岿־3򳡵صͬʱ1600˵ıơӿʼ쵽ۣźĸͻ5ʱ䡣
ĸ߱սͽźĸϵͳʹЯɻҲкǿķǱͷΪܼڶ״Ԥϵͳ⣬ӵǿ䱸ϵͳȫƾսǵϵͳͺһơߣԶһſ͵λãʵʩսҪ
ĸڶϵͳŵ˵߱ǰǿĹԣ֮ȫ˽⵽ܻȻ
ŵָϵͳڶĵʩȻϾɣսɻȫǴֱ𽵵ģ˴¼װҲǿ󣬳װֵ⣬ػ34ܣܽпսֿɵǱսȶ񣬼ĸѲһв൱һ֧ػ콢ӡ
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˹˺ǺɫһҺĸΪĹһĸһѲ󽢡
ĸƴΪػճװʱ˹˺ȴռ40%ļװռ䣬װSS-N-12ѲSA-N-4յSS-N-14Ǳ˫װ76׽ڵȱͧ䱸
˵뷨ЩͬĺĸҲЩ֡
ǲô˵ҺĸȻȲţӦ˸¿ƼµȻǾ޴ĺϰһĺװ
˵˹ͳĹҰȫʾðŵ򽫾иܲıҮ󽫹ϵǲܹͨ˹ϲϵ⼸Һĸʵ
Ҷ°ͣҡͷô׵顣
ոս岻ãܶ˹ľ״һŶ⣬ǵĺβûȫ飬Դӱ˵ôۿʼ˹Ϊһڶսֹòڶ˳ڣô׷ⷽŬ
ǵɽˮĵزûô׷ҫġ
Ȼ˵Ү򽫾͵͵˺ǱͧҶЩڱ½е˽²ⲻǺܴ󣬵ʱֻҪı־Ūһ£һЩ˭Ҳ˵ЩǴӶ˹ġ
ǺĸͲͬˣǣһϵе⡣
ĸǰںϵģߵϵǿôȻŪߣ
ǱҶŪ˻֮鷳ҲٲˣҶ֪¶ô
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ǹͺˡԴ˻ǱȽ϶ĵġ
ȻִƾϵͳǶھװͬǳģҲҺĸڹ͹ĺԣһʲôĸ
ΪˣŻҶ飬ϣܹһ£Һĸʵ͹ĺǴзװϣܹοΪ͹Լĺĸû
ҾԿɣѡҶҪ£ɿ
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ҲĸӵĻɳɳͶˣҲ⣬ټһȫµѺϽǱͧϰϵкԶ̹ʽ˵ȷʵ̫ǿˣ
˿һϵĺĸӵձͷɱ߶ڹ͹ܱ߽зġ
ү˵ıֲˣٸõġҶӦ˴£¶Цݡ
Ȼ˵ǸϵͳĹܹΪשߵĻͬǳгɾ͸С
ЩҪһҪȥ˹һΣȫ⻹ҪעģϾ˼ҵĵͷжҶİűʾл⡣
˾ҵĺѣҪҪһ£ʵ
˰ɡһҪæҶϽƴǵ
Ц¶ûаأȸнӴɲãһԼʧֵĻûټˣ
ҶǾԲֿǳɧɵµģܸɴؾܾ顣
ϳɾô²͸Ҷ˼ӣʱЦֻǼ棬ԳԷѣ˵ʲôʵĻ⡣ң˾ŮƯġ
壡Ҷ۾һɫ˾ŮƯ˼ҵ飬ֻϣʲôҪŪ֮ǰȸֳͨҵ϶ÿǿɾӰˡ
һЦֻе棬СӾܹͬʱӦŮӣ˵ʵ˾ŮȷʵƯġ
Уһһ޵ʱˣŮŮһҲܶȢؼҰɣҶߺߵҺôҲǹҸɲĸ߹٣ҪǸڲ棬ǹҲһŽǣøҹĿǣ쵼ɲڸ棬ҲǺвصġ
Уĸ˲ءʱЦȻ˵һҸ׼ڣһԶ˫̥ĽûţȻҪԼĸ˲أһǸ㻻ˣʡӰ쵼ɲҵɾʹˡ
˫̥ûҶһ̾еסˣ治鲻ҽ
㲻Ҫָ˲ôܹƻĽڲ٣רŸң˵Ҫүү˼֪ˣ˵Ҵѧҿɳеء
ҳ⣬бȽıڸԣҲΪɣҶһתͶ˵ҪǸŪһȺүǶʲôҾǲ˵úôڹ
ô˵ƺҲе˾Ǹ顭ʱ°ͣ
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316 ˾ԱƯŮ
ʱͰͬة˾ķ֡
ʵ˵а˼˾ԱҶΪ˵˺Ǳͧ飬ҪһδĹ⡣
˵ʲôƯŮĻǴҶģҶûϯһñȽϿ׶Ů
˾ԱĵѾϵĺǱͧİ⣬ºǱͧķ⡣
Ҷ㲻֪¶Ÿ˶֮ӵͬ־ǶٶϺӣӦƽֲŶ˾Աڷϱʾ֪¶֮ĥ䣬ŪҺͷ۰
Ҷ˾ԱһۣȻֿ˿壬豭һڣȻŻʵô¶ûе֣Ϣˣ
ҶǷǳġ
Ȼ˵ܹʮҺǱͧԱʵ幺ģʵô¶˫ĸ߲жֻأ˭ҲԸһӽ
˹ĺȷʵΪѶŲֹԶǵһЩΪҲһֻ۱һֻֻۣҪǲ˴ӣҲͷˡ
Ϣûа֮ǰʹ˳ܻᵼһЩҪ鷳ҶԴ˾͸еǳŭ
ֵʱ򣬺߲֪ġһԽ͵
Ҷ˵ͷ֪Ǵڵġ
Ͼһȥ˹ӴŵǺõ壬ɳҲһֻӣԺ߲ҪеĿģӦİţӵ˵ùȥġ
ⲢܱʾҶͬϼҪʵΪһ˵Щʺڶӣ˵ӺϺҪϷҲǲԣֻǵʱĸ˵Ļɾûǵķݶˡ
ĸ˾Աһ⻰۾ʱˡ
ںĸĻ⣬Զÿһκ˾ĵĻ⡣
͹ĺһǴڱȽƵĵλģؼһǺЭòЧĽ
Ȼ˵͹ĿվҲǿˣǴ½ķɻ̱ϾޣҪ֧ԮսĽͧвһִĺսУоǲɵģҲֻԵУԿ뱣֤
˺ĸӣǾζӵһ֧Դ½λͬʱԵ˽дƶƽ̨ƽ̨˿ƶ֮⣬ҲԱ֤Χǧ֮ڵЧ
ģͨϵĺߣһĸӿԽϴ󲿷ֵĹҡ
ܹҫܣʵ½Զ̺˴ԺĸΪĺƶսƽ̨ǺϴЭͬϴ
繲͹мĸӣû¶˼ſڶȥεһȦ˶Ӳ
ķǺǿӴ󲿷ֶפ˺أԭ򣬾Χ󺣻ûУǷĲ޵ĺֶСĹңֵһᣬܹĵذսӶɳȥҾ㹻ˡ
͹ĺĸӿ̫ƽϡϣô˿϶סˡ
Ϊˣ˾Աһĸ֣е˷ˡ
˹ҺĸˣҴ㻨Ǯں߶⹫԰ƱǮҶ˵˵ڿҲһҺĸûнɣҲĳ˽˵֣߸װɶĴŵȥľ֣ʱһϵ˹ά˹ˡ
ǧ𡭡˾Աˣ;ۣǱﰡ
ҲûʲôƢϾ飬϶ûа취ģǾǮԷҲþͻǣΪ̫ˡ
Ƕ˹ң˾ԱҲ˵ˣ˵Ǵ֮󣬽Һĸ
Ȼ˵˹òˣҲûñ˽ã¶Ҳ˵
ڿһңͲͬˣڿҪҪӣҪĸҪҺĸȴֱ׳ģҲֵÿĹΪ¶һŶì
ؼһ㣬ǺܳǮĸߺǱͧ
һ֮ǰģ߽·ӣ˵ˣ͹ĺҲãվ½ҲãǱһξġ
˸Լǰ֮ǰ߲ⷽ飬ǱȽصģԶ˲ֹ֧顣
һҲˣĸĳÿܸܲߣǺڷûǳ󣬾Ǻ֮СңҪ뺽ĸϵļǧԱȽѣ˵ҪάһĸҪĽɻսԱάԱֱǶԺһѣ
֮ܶⶼûǮֵġ
άּĸӣҲһѹģҪϵսͨ׬ǮԼߵսսģʽ͸֮ǰսʱڵձ˲ࡣ
͹϶ǲôˣԼ齨˺ĸӣҲ޴ãֻһǮĴһ
ϾҶ֮⣬󲿷˶ڶ˺ϺΣúܲûʶطǶʮܱ߸ҪĽ㣬Ҳû뵽˻˹͹еڹԹ͹зΧͶơ
ʵ˾ʼͶԺĸǳģϧΪ÷ԭ򣬸߲һֱӦ˾Աᵽ¶ЩпԸǺĸǰ͹Լ캽ĸڵʱ£߲ҲǹǲĹ͹ĹһֱûдӦʶĸҪԣҪ˽Ӵֿˣȴֽˡ
壬˵Ĵʧô͹ͳ˵ҪˣȻ飬ʵϣ֮ǰйĹڴɻĿ;º⣬ʱҲ׷׸ã
лһǰ±䣬Ϊ׵ңԹ͹̬һת䡣
˵еʵ޷Ԥϵġ
ҶһİգҲҾͿ϶رʾԼܹ˳ذѺǱͧͺĸ
˵Ĳ֣ܹӰ쵽ġ
̸¶м˾Աȥһ˶ʱ򣬾һλƯŮٰߣǺξ
Ů嵤ҶЩؿԼŮ˾Աӵؽܵ
СáҶ˵ͷɵֿһۡ
巭˷Ƥ˼˵˵ûɣ˾ŮȻǺƯġ
Ҷӣۺһ˾Ů嵤ĺ֮ܺ⣬һľƷҲӷֲٰ
ֻǣŮ㣬ʲô˼أ
Ҫ˼ҶԼҲǼʶ㣬ܱͻͷ֡
ԼǰְϷƺеҶˡ
һŮ嵤ȻúƯȴұôҲǵʻֽɫ
⵽ǸʲôҶе㲻ˡ


317 ˱
Ů嵤²ǺܸߣƺԳһִֵ
Ҷȴû˵ʲôļ£ûбҪͽȥ
СλҶΣжֱָӡ˾ԱԶŮ˵
ţ

ȻԴ˱ʾ˾ȵģֻҶһˡ
ʲôж嵤Դ˱ʾɡ
˾ԱһΪˣʵĲҪʣ˵Ĳ˵ʲôжʱ䵽Ȼ㽲սʱ״̬Ͼ磬˾ָҶεָ¡
ǡ˾Աôһթ嵤ȻЩԸҲֻôӦ
Ͼ˾Ա֮⣬쵼ѹֻзӵķݶ
Ҫȥ೤ʱ䣿嵤̲סһ䡣
߻ܣίģ㻣㡣˾Ա˵
嵤ȻЩţǿ˿Ա߶Σ˼ϵŽǣ;ϰʱ򣬴ŲϹʲôίϾԷǺƣǴܲıƷ
ةٴҲܲεнǰί
嵤ûʳʲôֻƵҲ˵
Ҷͣһӣةѯʵ˾һжΣգȥĻеʰɣ
˼ȥ˹պǱֻͧеһͬʱҪ֤Ǹǰܺ׻صʵԣʵĻȴĿһǳϾĿ飬ϾҪǸذѶȣȽպǱͧӸӡ
£ԼҪðźܴķգ˵һŮ·ˡ
ʲôΣյġةȴһֵҶ϶ܰԼɹȥѵةŮͳԲÿ˵գǺµľˣ
ô˵ҲǿţʵϺķڸУҲһ֡
ͬ仰ǵдգͬ׳³
սУҪһˣ˭ҲܲˣǱͧϵĹٱ˵ܹĿԾ͸СˣǰĺǱ֮ͧΪײƶײġΪ¹ʷʸ֮⣬Ϊͧڶ࣬ҲΪѸߡ
ļκѵУùĶǺǱͧкüҳںף޷̡
ҲûгƵ飬ة˵·գδǱʾԼ˾ԱѾһжոҵľġ
ôһ˵嵤ʾһЩıҶв²ʲôͷܹةΪҶϵԲ̫򵥡
嵤΢²һ£뵽һ֣һԺյļ塣
ѵλҶ٣嵤оԼѾµҶݡ
ʵҶȻ䲻ôڸ߲Ȧ棬ȴ׹һ㡣
嵤ôĺŮ٣Ҳ˵Ҷ飬ǰãة˵¶˵ҶΩһһλֻ϶ĸɲҲСĸɲֻʮꡣ
嵤ʱ򣬶Դ֮ԱǵģΪʵ̫ˣֱǶϷһ㡣
ǽ쵱ĿҶʱ򣬻ǸеЩ𺳣ϽнǰһڵĸоûУǺƽһ硣
һܹҶΪȻ
ҶҶΣ嵤̲סʵ
ҶҶͷһ㡣
嵤ڷһ֮󣬾ȥˡ
ҶȴЩüͷʵ˾ŮƵʲôĿģҿǸŮ֮䣬еʲôСìܰɣ
Ů˲ɵֻѹˡ˾ԱҡҡͷȻЩԵġ
ҲеԵʣةĹϵЩ鵹Ҳ޷
ԭ˾ԱŮ嵤̸һѣֻ˾Աܲͬ⣬ǸŮ˾Ϳʼ˶
ȥ˹ҲҪһ£ϣС˶һ֮⣬˳㽫׮һϣܹϻ˵ĻǾԸˡ˾Ա͵
ԭӡҶ֮󣬵˵ͷ
һҲЩֵģ˾ԱŮԼ֮⣬Ҳûʲô˸ҴΪ̣ܽʸܵĻ϶ЩүˣЩҲһԴСɢ嵤ѡ
˾ԱԽͶҶϣҪһε񣬸Ů齵£ΪŮеֻ֮ͷԷȶѣֻҪǰʱһϣ䴦ˣŮҲġ
ôеĺܲô㲻Ҷʵ
ʵеֻе⡣ةҡͷ
ԭ׷嵤һλͶʮ꣬ѾУΣڵκĳͧĽǺе׳ɾ٣ǰ;һƬ
ֻҲһ⣬ѾˣĿǰڸ顣
ˣôܴӦС̸ѣة˵֮󣬾Щ߷ߵ˵
ŶԭˡҶ֮ŵ˵ͷ
˾Ա˵ôҶҲǺܿ嵤׮飬ѹ˾ԱԼһŮҪμһεж
ܹ־ŮˣܹŮжף˳ȡһʱΪǨ㣬˾Ա̣ȻǴúܾ
Ҷ̲סһǽ
ƶ֪˾ԱķյģԾű߹ģҶ˵ȻôЩ˼ɣҲһѣˡ
Ҷ˵飬ǵ˵
ʵҲʲô¶Ҷϣ治ʲôֻҶҲһЩ˼ɣһȥ˹ϵش󣬴ôһԼߣǺܺŶ
СڹлǺܸεģһ뵣ġ˾ԱҶĵǣ֤
ðɣȻô˵ҲܲӦˡҶףҪŮ׮飬ͬʱҲΪŮĽǰ·ҲֻдӦ
ֻҶҲһЩССطգôһλòŮȥִоܼƻһվ飬˱ˣʱЩˣͷʹ顣
˾ԱͰԼŮݺݵؿһ٣˵λ嵤ʮ꿪ʼͿ˺ѧԺרѧϰͧרҵڸнϤ̶ȣԶһľ٣ĺǱͧ˽⣬ҲﵽרҼˮ׼
λ׷嵤С٣ʵҲһ˲ţΪ飬˾ԱǴصһģôͺ˵ˡ
Ȼһ۵㣬Ҳأǻûɹ͸ɧ˾ԱıŮǾ̫Ӧˡ
֮ܶСӷǳջĥŵȵ嵤Ҷ֮󣬾ڳúõؽѵһ
Ůô׾ݵֵģ


318 Ҷٵķ
ԷԵһҶͽӵϴҶĵ绰
϶ĶأҶֵʵ
ԷءҶһ
˭Ҷʵ
壬к˾ԱҶλһۣȻҶ˵
СҶһͷԽԽˣԸίίԱͬţư
ûôţ̸ѡҶЦҡҡͷϴô¶
Ͷһ߶ɷɡҶ˵
ҶһԼʱ䰲ţûʲô׵ģǾʹӦ
ɢ˷֣Ҷֱȥ
˵ھʵѾȥΧһеӰҲˡ
ռٶĶҶǧŸ㶨ģֲĸ֣ŷһŷСΧƣɭִﻨ㣬嶼ҵʦҶҶɵġ
߶豸һ׼ϰء˳أԼԱڻͽĻ
棬Ѿһٶƥרҵʦźǡ
ҶʱҶһֱ
ҶأҶǸű¶̼˵飬ھʵ
Ҷ档ҶǰǲŪɧ
ҶܣλҶҲǷǳصģûΪԼҶٵĴ磬Ρ
ʲôҶЩʵ
ҶѱʲôģûʲôرȺãԶҶôһǱſп޵̬ȵģֻ˵Ҷ棬δЩ㵡
Ҷ棬Ϊƥϴ衣ش
ŶǾ͹ȥɡҶͷ
õģæ˵
ҶҲ֪ʲôʱֿʼȤˣ
ֻǴﾭʱ򣬾ͿԿ·߶ľ߹ŷׯ԰ΧǼĶ̵أаɫΧԿȥͿԿкܶ汼š
һֲҶ֮˵
֪ϴҶȤû뵽ĸôһ˽˾ֲҲֻ֪˶ǮŸ㶨ط
Ҷϸ˿ȴҲطƽʱʱĻѹУԳԷҲǷǳʵġ
һԵӵҲûʲôеζ
ҶȥʱҶһƤ²ĹԸϴ裬һһֻëˢΪëԵúרעӡ
ֱҶˣҶŽĹ߽ˡ
϶죬һҪһӲءҶܸߣʮˣʱëͷСһǳ֡
ϴ㵹ǻҶЦ˵첻ôõط
ѹ̫ܵӷһ¡ҶشһĹȥȻϴϴ֣ŸҶһ߶ɡ棬
ܿͰѺƶŵ˵ǰ
Ҷ˺һڣʾҶԼ⣬Ҷǰ˰֣ʾҪ
϶֪ҵģϲ˶࣬ϲ֣ϲһһȼ١ҶЩп˵ʹˣҲǰ̣Խûһˡ
㻹кܶŮǿҶҶıһۣڶ˵ûŮǵʱ򣬻¶ɣû¶飬ô˵𣿡
ҶҶĻϸһĥеĺ壬ɵùЦ϶٩Ұ
ЦһӺҶ˵ڹ˾̯ԽԽˣ׬ǮǶˣҲˣеڣΪɶҪǮŪԼæĽų죬ȾƵʱˡ
Ҽְҵľ˰æαذԼôۣҶЩΪȻ
ҲֵԼû׷ñȽǷϡҶ˵
ҶǸеѹȽϴÿһζʱ䣬ȥ߶ȼٵϰߣֻӦṩƷˣԾŴ֣͸ôһ
ҸʵǰһȥõСҶҶ˵ϵĵʵ̫ˣõ־CDҲõʱзװСƹŵģƯŮ
㡭ҶüͷϲŮû⣬ñΣϵ̫ˡҶ˶Ͳ̫û¶¶Լڻˡ
ûǻ¶Ҷ̷ϵһ裬رΪʵ̫ˣֱҪһӶסǹ죬־ˣΪǸӣһ仯ûУ
ĻȥŦԼҶŦԼԶǱ仯ļϵأƿһţ涼пһݡŦԼĻҶǰӣеİԺǿԶᷳ
ҶһӺҶžЩˣҶȷʵΪѹ̫Եʣе֢߿֢ˣҪһԭ򣬻⣬еʱĿٱ仯ˡ
ˣ˵ˣҪһҵġҶ˰ֵ
ǺܲġҶҶʾ˿϶
Ĺڣ͸߶ʼƺǶϲ߶ֲԴ֤ԼƷλԼİ칫һ׸߶ˣһ߶档
ҶֱͶģǼ
ž֮Ҫˣ϶١
ʵӦˣֿ֢ٺܶ࣬ͥĺгǷǳҪġҶҶ״˷֮󣬾͸һǳпϵĽ顣
˵ʱҶƺЩӣ˻֣ߣȻŶҶ˵϶˵֪ôģǻϰ
顭Ҷ֮ʱȻ飬˵ʲôôȥҽвֲ֢ʲô˵飬ܶ˿֮ͺˣһ߰˸Ҳûģϴ㲻ǻ伲ҽɣ˼Ҫõģ
ܻ伲ҽ¶ҶЩݵ˵ɶҲҽˣһֱûЧҸѩĹϵôʵ͸¶йϵҪӣƫƫϣŪҶҼ档
١ҶˣҲеЩͷʹЩ¶ʲôģֱҪȥ㺽ĸ֣֮˵оֻܸԹӤˡ
飬׶ɣҶȻǴⷽģҿ˵ʺܸߵģһһ̥粻Ҫأ
ġҶҲ֪˵ʲôΪˡ
飬ԼˣҲ۵ģΪʵ̫ˡ
ҶκδΪ¶ӰģĸŮǶûֳев⣬ǳҶٵϡ
ҶٲԸԹӤҪԭ򣬹ƲǵĻζǹ˼Ӱɣ


319 ֣
ʵڴҶҶǱȽġ
뵱꣬Ҷѧҵ֮󣬱ҪͰȥίϰ࣬ȻռİţһѭŲί㣬㵽ǣǵʡʡ·ӣһΪҶҵĿֵġ
ϧҶֹûȤȻ˼֮󣬾ʹְˣһܵУȥʲô湫˾
ʱʮǮʮԱ֮һƣȥʲôģЩǮֻ¹ʡ
ڵʱĹʷһ׷ÿοʱ򣬴̨һȦˡ
ֵط׷һʺܴ֧ʹģҶڹ˾ĿҵҲǺϧһ־ڡϿĹ棬õʱе˶Ŀע
ȻҵٲһףҶ˺ƣƥһʽɶԣʱǷǳ³ˣԱһϰͷȷʵܲһ㣬ʶ㣬ǿʱĴɾʮ㡣
Ⲣ˵ҶܳԿ࣬ʵڸտʼʱΪ˽ʡ֧гҵ񣬸ͨĴûʲô
˾֮ԱҲݬģҶԼʦԱѵһӣȻ˾ſʼ
һ˾ոսûпͻûҵҲû£ӦηչҶҲû׶
ҶڳԷʱͻ룬һСӣԱݡ
˺ܶ൱صʳ֮ݣܷҲãʱ߶û뵽Ҫǹ˾ʹӲҵȸ¶ʼѼеĸԾƵʲôϣϼƳ֮󣬾ݺפɢҵǼϵľƵ꣬ǹ˵ص㡣
ôһ֮󣬹ȻЧ͹ڳͷ֮󣬾ڽֹʽˣҶ׬ٶ򣬶ҷչͷԽԽãҶĹ湫˾Ҳһ
ǾʱҶһ˵ľСˣҪҵ
ʵ֤Ҷ۹Ƿǳģһѡ˷
ʱȦһķչ֮С
ǲˣ֯ĸǾͲ࣬һ϶Լϵ⣬߼˹ϵһС壬ĳаѨ׬Ǯ
ôһȷʵǮҲۣûһϵ涼׳⣬ܲ㣬ĳЩֵľ˻϶棬ᱬ˰©˰֮ĳҲи׬Ǯ󷴵˿ˣǮ˵顣
Ҷ齨˻ֹ˾ʼרҵľˣʼɸ֣ǽȫ°װ͸ơ
ʼʱֻһЩߵСǡ
һζʱԺЩ˾ͷ֣֯ĸֺ׬Ǯ
ôһֹ˾ɾʹˣܶһߵҲʼ׷״ֹ˾˼Ĵ㡣
ʱǡҶĸҶӽζϾ˾ҶʱǰչʾһԼǿļ⡣
ڶ֪ϰĳ֮󣬶ܾȣҲȷһ㣬ϰܴʲô鶼ֵסԼ˺ǲ١
ܿģû˲ֹ֪˾ĴҲ֪λϰ塣
ҶʲѸٵͻǧ򣬶ӵ˺üҵ
ҶãҶܹнĳɾͣȻٵмӰ죬ǿ͹۵ؽһ䣬˵ŬӪؼġ
ҶһĻԼĳɾδؾܹȵϴҶͰطչڵĵ·Ҳֹڸ
Ȼ˵ҶҶϲŮǲǺܸðҲǺܷУǽҶԼ֮󣬱ϴЩͬ
ΪһˣԼŻУȷʵһǳε顣
ҲѹҶǶѩˣԭ滹ôһԭ򣬹ֲˡ
Ҷ飬Ҳûʲôð취
飬ѵɩ֪𣿡Ҷһؼ⡣
Ҳ˼Ҷشһ顣
ҲǶҶ˷۶
Ųǰ취ܲܶŶžˣҪĻҶҪˣ˭ҲϽԼԴϴһɫ޵ñӡ
ǰǾöǶŶţоҲˣڹѩҲ뷨Ҷ̾˿
Ҫô죿ѵһֱţҶҶôʣ˵ţ˵ڵ˵ഺ
ѩҲǶʮͣò绪ïʱһ֮õʱ⣬ôȥĻҲ̫ƽһЩϾҶԼѰŮǣѩԼڼػѣ˵ȥ
˭֪أҲûжˣָøءҶЩͷʹ˵Ʊĺһɫ֮ԵЩį
Ҳûʲôð취Ѷϼ£ҶԴҲ޿κΣҽ㻹һԹӤΪá
ȻҶӰ쵽ճĹܳ⣬ôٷģ˵ӵ⣬ֻҪĻִƼҲܹʵ֡
ǻ˵ˣҶ˼пľӱ⣬Ļɾ鷳ˣеĻֻнһ·ߡ
ӾӿѡʵĽӣӦǿҪģֻҶδؾϲôҪôĻ൱ˡ
Ҷĸ飬ǲӣҲӰɣ
̸ֵһӣ鶼ǺˬҶı˻˼ݶµıֽ˹ȻŤƨˡ
ҶĿűתţò˻
ôܷɧɣҶЦʵ
ţܹĵģ򵥰Ҷ˵⻰ʱԺӿֳľŮеӡ̵ģǵӰǳšǸŮ顣
ҵıƷ֣ͲƤˡҶ˵
٣й߲Ŷ԰ɣҶҶ˵ҲǺ޽ɵġ
˷űֽһЩʱҪʲôģҲרſǻ߶ŵС˵ĳŮǼˣĳǵȡͬѰĳѨ̲Ų͵˰©˰ʲôС
¿һЩС£ʲô԰ʲôġ
ҶĿһɨͿһܶĿı⣬֡
ҶʱһȻһҶɫ糣Ȼûע⵽ˣҶͰǷݶֽһȻҶˣҪһƥɫ
ðƥCOCOϲһƥӱȽ˳ҪȸؽӴһ£ͨһ¸飬ûʲôˡҶԴ˱ʾʮ飬һƥڹ϶𽱵ĴֻʹˣˣҼ˸ˡ
һҪһˡҶЦűʾ
ֵܶ˽УЩֽϡ


320 ζ
Ů˹Щֽŵ˱¨С
ҶҶֵȥʱҶƥCOCOѾϴ̵øɸɾëɫȳƣƲһվܹʾһֳ͵ľ
ȻǺҶȻǿƥ֮Ҳɵóһ
ҶҶ˹ȥȻָCOCOĲӣ˳ЩëȻϺĴһӡ
COCO˼ǣƺǺܵӡ
ҶˣͶҶ˵а㡣
һƥĸҶʵ
оCOCO֣Ӣĵһ㶼ΪŮȡǳƣҶ֪ĺĸ䣬л͵СŮѣԼ̨ŮǵӢֶCOCOڷζƷƵĴʼ˵־ͽCoco Chanel
ΪˣҶҶƥӦһƥĸ
Լ¡ҶЦŻش
Ҷͷ濴һۣȻûпѶġ
ĸ˳һЩԦбȽǿҡҶҶ˵
Уһ㶼ѡμԸ˳ĸٱ
У80%ĸֻ20%ǹΪ߱õٶȡԣرƢ˳ڼҶԿܾʧض¹ʣһ㶼ѡĸ
ҶʾҶȻǣһĸоʱָһҪ졣
ϣտʼҪˤĿ־뷨Ψһİ취ɣĽ࣬ѧӾһҪС˸оƽҲܸ֮о仯ҶҶ˵
ҶҶָ㣬ϵĸоƽкܺãûжþӦˡ
ڶҪ췽棬Ҫ֪ȺϥǵʱסӦСȺʹסܵҲԼƽǸҶ֮ͷ޵͸һǺеĶסЩʾͿˡ
Сʱܸоסϵؽźţ̼١һûµҶ˵ǽʵֵģĲλڲĦָоѵŵİ취飬źͼͬһֱϣẓ̇ķڽź
ҶһҶҪ죬Ȼǳô
оʱҪֱƣ˫ֳֽǰȭԣֳ֮䡣
ֶ̬ҪأˣСƢʱһҪݵģɫƥĻҲԼӰĦʾο
һҪʧʱ򣬲ҪĲӡҶʧ㣬ΪǰǰȰסȵʲôˣʱǰȱѾأٱĲӣǰȸѹ
Ӧô죿Ҷʵ
ӦüʱסĺӽǰȾͻվҶش
ҶȦȻ󽥽һЩҪ죬ӿٶ˼Ȧе΢ЩˣƥϢƺҲͣ
һȻûˤѵˡҶЦ۵
Ҫϴָ㵽λƥҲй֮ҶЦ
ҶˣеܸˣҶȥ⼸ƥ
صʱѾˡ
ûʲôˣҶƽѾˣҶүӺͶүǴڴڻ߾ίҶҲȥƵȥˣֻʣҶһˣڼ濼ǰ˹顣
ڶһ磬˾ԱŮ嵤ˡ
һװ嵤ҶһûϳβŷӦʲôˡ
ҪʲôҶ嵤䣬һҪԶŵ̬ɵЩʵ
Ұ˵ˣҾµıҪ粽ظ㣬ָ֪ж֮󡣡嵤ޱػش
˾Աô˵ģҶȻǺܻ˾Ա˵ĻǶ嵤ڵľٶȴɡ
ͻȻ֮ôһβͣİȴЩġ
ȻǾҼס°ɣҲˡҶЩε˵
ƽ׶ôסͣҶܻǾЩģǼĿͷȻ㹻ΪûʲôסҲÿ嵤ôһͲܲˣǳķˣҲǺܺθڡ
Ҷź嵤֮󣬲ע⵽ȻһζװֿȥȻͨϸһܹϵϸˣȷʵ·Щ
ٿҲһˮζӣˮϢҲǾζ5š
ϲζҶʵ
ţоζʱǰأֻƽʱлᴩЩ·嵤ػش
ƽʱھӪ棬ȻҪװģΪʵԵʣƽʱϾִʱҲӶ࣬ЩƯ·Ҳδؾлᴫȥ
һ˾ԱҶȥ˹һ԰Ѿװĺûᡣ
嵤棬װеƯ·ûзžװȥ
ʵװоװĺôҶ뵽嵤źӣ̲ס˵һ
Ʒջ󰡣Ǹ˾͵ֵס嵤ӦûǸЩ飬֪ô˵İ
˽ζ𣿡ҶȻһ䡣
ţ嵤ˣʱüͷҶʲô˼
ζȻʱŮͬʱҲɴҶֳ֮
ҽİɣôܣ嵤۾Ȼǲš
ڶսڼ䣬ζΪɴ⵳ʱɴ¹鱨߶ءױ񽫾ζĴñӡҶ嵤˵ɴʹмƣλʱŮӰӢѡ𼪶ܹͨս󣬷飬ζ𼪶кŽ顣
Ҷ˵飬ȻʵڵģʵζʱѾʮˣѶʼΪʲôɴͬӵʱζЦ˵ŮˣҸԼҵһˣѵȥĻ𡭡
⻰̫ϬˣڵʱѶ߶סˡ
˵ζȷʵ37ʱס˶˹󹫣45ʱζɹȫŷĵ˹˹عݵԼʯȹ£˹˹عӢжҷǳӰ
˹˹ع͸ӢŮûеĹ鱦Σ׶ظһլˣɿԵߵ˹˹عٹõװζķ䡣
κ䶯ŷ޵ά˼ʱ䣬ȻζҲûܳΪˣɺܼ򵥣ΪζѾȻȴṩ˽ӢĻᡣ
һŮˣֲܹΪʱŮء嵤֮ȴ˿ûζɴݣǸпŮ
Ҷʱ˸۶˵ҪŮ̸ΣһûȤ顣


321 òҪ
Թ緹֮Ҷʹȥ⻹ЩҪϴҶ˵һ˵
һȥ˹˵ǰ;δΪ˶һδģҶڵۺ͵λԣʵûбҪȥðյġ
ʵǸ׻صջ̫ˣɵҶġ
ôһǴڵģһЩǰͷһʲô⣬ҶҵĴвܶˡ
ҶȻϲԼǾȴҲһϣҶҵһЩҵûЩǣһ·չ⣬ԼʽҲʱΪ
һ鶼˳ĻҲͲˣĳ˲ӣҲҶе䡣
ҶԼһǺܺõģӦòʲô⣬龪һѡ
ҶҪϽ֣嵤ҪţԻʱ׳Լ
˯ϴʱҲҪ׳𣿡ҶԴ˱ʾ˱ġ
ǾҪˡ嵤ʾ
嵤ҶҪӣŮķ磬о;ҶȻҶҵĵʲôĸΣҲһСƨѣûиܵʲô춯صı£ʱѹ
ʵϼÿһҶӴŮӶĸоҶʱ򣬾һͨСƨǳñȽϲһЩĸ߸ߴģǽӴʱˣԽԽҶһܹȵġ
楡ﵽ棬ЩŮǣͬĸܡ
嵤ȻҶոսӴȴҲܹо˵ĲͬȻ˵ʲôָоȷʵǴڵģҲҪع۲һҶλ͹ĸʵְɲһʲô
Ҷų嵤ֵܡ
ߵһ¿Ĵ̳֮󣬷һ¥ȫǾƷݣͣ
ﶼŮԷΡ嵤֮˵
ҵŮǡҶ˵ĻҲֱӡ
Ůǣ嵤룬ܹô̹ȻڱŮǰ˵ֻˣ⡣
սһŷεľƷ֮ҶҪˡ
ԭܼ򵥣極ϰſ湺ء
Ҷ極Ƕ֪һЩģҲ֪ҶıҶүӵӣʵڶҶҲܹע֪һ˲ˣŮȣԼҵҲΪҶԮ
Ҫһ㣬ѾҶҵˣִһҹģӴ촬أҪ˵ʱۺ̶ȶԣͳԼĵز˾
ֻ˾һ㣬Ҷδǳͬ־Ů档
еǳƣΪһ㣬楾ֻܸСˡ
ȻΪһˣ޷ϳᲢۣΪһף컹ϣԼŮܹؼҶҵģȻˣҲ֪¶ܣֻⲻ˻һ¡
ſ֣û뵽һ۾ͿҶ
Ҷá쿴ҶߵƯŮӣЩƣ˵λҶҶٵߣôôŮˣΪԼŮеֵ
Ǳ߶ྭӪϻأҶȴܵ˾ǻƵأ
áƺԼְҶͺػӦ
˵˼仰Ա߶λȴЩؿҶԵ嵤Щɵʵλǣ
λǽʡʥĹίҶΡλ˽ܵȻֽ˽ܸҶҶΣλԸ۵ĸ̵Ӫ֣רæز۲߻ġ
ŶԭǵҶ˿ˣֻƺе졣
ͻȻ˵ɵö࿴ۡ
ڼ䵱УλھҲһӵġ
1992꣬ǵķزгֿʼˣλ֮ľˣɳõһǧĶأȡ԰
ڵʱõôһԣ֮һҹ֮ӢۣڴǰҪҵǴһ۵ۡ
֮԰ĿԺ󣬶ڽ貢û̫Ķ˵ʡ
Ϊڵг۷زҲΪڵصķزҵķչӣ۵ķزһƬԻ͡԰Ͷ6000۱¥̡
ζûõʧ԰һ̾۳80ף80׵۳ɼܹҪ󣬶ǡڴʱ֮ŲۿǣʾĻǵĲ߻󣬱8000۱еծķʽչ԰ĿĿ
֮԰ĵծͲƽѹ£һ졣
־ĵʽ԰кΪԼһջķʤ̣ôҲû뵽ѾĻõĿһɽ󣬳ҵսߡ
19936£ҶԵزʵк۵أĿƣоܾŴ
ͬʱʷûн԰ǮڿĿͣ١
󾩳йزڼʱж԰ȫһϷĿ
ѡĵûӽһڵͶʣΪȻ԰ಲ󣬴Ӵĺ̨򿪷ǰ̨ȫϤڵΪ˰԰òͣرأǰȥһࡣ
ͻ״ר̴۸ڵԽķزӢôֲҵҲڽ԰Ժ·԰ȥ̫ʽ;Ϊ԰ʽ㵽ʣ۵ʲ
ҵһǧɵ۵ĵʿʼƵҪԱ԰ڲϵĻҡ
19973£ʴż򵥵Ȼ뾩
սڵгʱ򣬿ν緢г֮ƣЮųĸʽ߻ӪֶΣھǷزгӮ޷⡣ͬǻδعѾһŴѴѵĳƱˡ
ôһûгϳ۹⾫ȷȴڽڵ̳ûжþҵʧܣղҵճ
ҶλǺЩģֻ˶ĥڵгóȻжʽڶ
ʵڵĴ󲿷ַزǣдһ߷ƫ߸ı䣬пһҹ̶֮
ҪزĿˣҶһǲΪҵûе£ԽˣŵʵѡҲƫ
ŶҸ۵ʱʶģһӦ԰ĿĿ֮Ŀܲ߻ˡشֻǸӷϴѡ
ŶԭӡҶ˵ͷ˵ʷʷ
԰ĿǱλúܲҶȤĻף϶ֵģҿԸһܺõۿۼۡڶҶ˵
ǾҵҶЦЦԥһ£ڻѵˡֱԣĿòҪ


322 ҪĲͬ
ʲô
ҶĻõʸе˳ԾҲЩ˼顣
ҶΣ˵⻰˼ʲôѵ԰Ŀ⣿ʱʾʡ
ȻûֱӷҲЩɻؿҶ֪Ļʲôѵ˵԰Ŀ棬ʲôè岻ɣ
Ҷ˽ҪһЩ֪Ҷݺͳ֪ſڿӣҲûбҪŪԼѡ
Ϊˣ͸оҶĻ϶ģѵ˵ҵֳ˲ͬķˣ
ǵʵ뷨ָ첻ͬλСѣ˵ƺе̫ŵˣ԰ĿΪʲô
ĵǵıĿ࣬԰ĿоǷǳõģûɲ׬Ǯ
ԣΪҶĻ˵Ǽ˲εġ
Ŀûʲô⣬ֻʽԴ⣬ȫǽġҶش
Ͷʷزҵ϶дֲʲôϡ¶֮󣬾ͶҶ˵ҶζԷزҵ˽ɣ
١ˣʱҶ˼
˵˶дʾνĻ̫ķˡ
һҶ֣һѵĻķز˾ҪƲˣǷһծǱ߶ķӺԼǮġ
ҲǾһε֮ŶԹڵķزҵһѵʶ
ֻҪдͲܲ⵽⣬һߵķб仯дܵģֻҪʽѣôٴĹ̶ҪβģβֱӺĿһ޵׶ѿ̸Ͽ塣
½Ĺ鲻ͬҪѡҲҪѡʽۺĺߣ԰Ŀ̫󡣡Ҷ˵⻰Ҳ˵ģֻ㲻Զ۹ڵأҲǴµ뷨Ҳ̿㱻ݽȥѡϸһ԰ĵϸܹˡ
ʲô⣿ʷʵǶҶĻΪȻ
ʽҾͲ˵ˣĿûõɣһǷĿҶش
ôܣ֤ġЦ
ǼٵģŪ˿ԣϸͲˣҸŵһ¶Ҷ˵Ͳ취˽֤ôõõ
֮󣬽ŽɵذĿתϣֻ΢΢˵ͷЩԾʵô֪ģ
١ҶЦһŤͷˡ
ҶΡҪסҶȴҶǸŮѾ뿪ˡ
˵ֻ˵һʲôأʾһͷˮǾҶĻƺҲЩǺģǾ֣˵ĻǼ٣
ҲǾǷزҵĴˣʾӦ֪ࡣ
ţô˵أӦþΥɡ첻֪ôʽ飬һ֮˵԰ʽ𵽵ô¶ǲģǾҶ˵ûõ֤飬пġ
ò֤Ŀôʱʾ⣬Ҫ֪û֤ĿΥģǱ߶ĻͲ飬ôһ˵ƺȴ˾ռߣôеԾ
طΪ˰գһֻ۱һֻҲеġ͵һ£߳˱仯ôΣˣһץһ׼֪һֱûк׼˽롣
ôһ˵һЩӡˡ
ôһЩԥˣǷӦü԰Ŀ
һ߶ѣĿˣҲӰ첻ʲôΪùʰµģİǮͶȥĻ鷳ɾʹˡ
λҶξʲôͷ󣬺Ȼѯʵ
찵Цڲ֪ѯҶһ֪Ǵ½ˣĻͲֵ᷸͵ȴˡ
ֻǹҶݣҲԸֻིǺػش֮󣬺Ĵ֮ǰҵĹ˾شҲǳġ
Ŷôһ˵Ժʱ֣̫ӵ
ڴ½ƺҲֻ̫ӵǲЩΪ仯֮ɵҾ֣û뵽ȻܹϵţֲھԽԽˡ
ʱȴһڴҶղŵĻУѰҪϢ
ҶĻ棬һزгߣδУڱȽϴıҶǲͬдвġ
о粻ΪԼҶ˵Ļѵʡ
ҶǾ԰Ŀ⣬ʵ죬زгڱȽϴıҪԴҪͬĴ
ʵϣķزгȷʵǻˡ
Դͬ־Ѳ֮󣬾˼ƣĹھã̧ͷơ
ͽΪĻϵٴγΪͶʵҲǴӽ֮ڹڵһʵĵز𲽽гƷģʽչȫء
ҲǴӽ꿪ʼزҵŴ޵УӴϸ
ڵļɵزڽ֮ģ80ó𲽵ƣҲڽȷԷزΪҵķչսԣص㿪غķز͹ȨͶҵ
оɫʵĹ͸ʱĺϳɴչҲڽųУʽ뷿زҵ
кͽܱߵҲպɳΪɫļʽҵž̹԰
زҵڽ걬Ӱ쾭õĹȶԣƺעĹ켣
귽ͬ־Ѳ֮󣬹ԺҲŷˡڷչز֪ͨȷָزҵҹһ˲ҵǵҵҪɲ֣ųгʹúͷƷƽΪ񾭼÷չ֧ҵ֮һ
뿪֮Ҷȴͬ嵤۷ز⡣
ļӵܣʵҲڸ㷿زܲ˵ڻֻس𣿡嵤ʵʵڸⷽ顣
ǱȻġҶشൽϰ꣬ͻ仯
ȥУڵľ÷ǳԣиݵʱ֮ΪƣҪͨһЩƶĸʹ̼á
ͬ־Ѳ󣬴ȼĸ飬ܶͻƣܴǰƷĳԣ󲿷ȻԷķʽļĴ̼£ȫ˷ز͵
19934¾ͨϣˡֹùȡľ档
5вʣٽ
ͬ6£롢Ժ·ڵǰͼǿ۵صһϵмǿ͸ƺ۵صĴʩҪʵʶȴӽĲߡٽ򡢿ͶʹģЧýڵгͨڡǿ۸ܡ
زҵĺˣܶҵˣزҵ˳ĵڣӪҵķչһЩʽӪҵõ˷չгΪ
Ҷ嵤һۣ˵Ҳһز˾ɣú׬һǮԪͰͷת˰ɡ
ȷ嵤صʵ
ҪһͿǾ͵û˵Ȼڹ⣬Ҫģǹ飡Ҷ˵


323 ʲôװڣ
199251գ͹ӵǲӵִ˹ĳأǲڶ˾ٽ£ҵ𽢣һҾԶ̺˴ĳ涯ǱͧڵӴ󽢶ӣʽԶ˹չѺ÷ʡ
Ҳǹ͹һοԽǰ˹зʣһǧຣսʤӵȻڵִĿĵء
һηʻҲ˸صעΪ͹һκʻּڼǿͬ¶Ķ˹֮ľ½ڹͬάǾƵȶҪ塣
˹ͳҶȻ鲻ǺܸȤϲط֣ԴϢ֮˵̬Ⱦ˺ܴĸƣ̸˶˹һԪϢڸƶ˹Ĳ״кܴİ
Ҷһĥеè壬˲Ը˹͹֮Ĺϵ£ԲŻͨԪͼӰ졣
ҶվΪڶ˹ԣӦǺ¶ٿΪԮĳ֮һ
֮ĹϵӵģΪĶǳ
ȥ˹ʱҲԵñȽУǡ˹һһȵʤա
1945괺죬վڶŷӺ£ͨսۡά˹ߡµúսۡսۡĪսۣ¾ŲµάҲɣռݿ˹工һֺ͵¹Ϊ˰ִ
19453µ׺4³վΪ׼
μս۵ĲGKɷԪ˧ָӵİ׶˹һKK޿˹Ԫ˧ָӵİ׶˹ڶISԪ˧ָӵڿһܱ250ϡ
ϣΪذ޵ıܹΪ100ˡ
1945416գվӰµúӡ˹ͬʱַս16ҹ523ʱ¾ֹֿͣս۽
վ¾93ʦ²¾40ˡ
̾ڽݿ˹工˵ĵ¹žȺ55ʦҲ5ѮͶ
19455824ʱ¹ͶʽڰʽС
¹Ͷ194559ʱЧŷս˽
սڵĽڽʧ˹ָմսת뷴ٵ˰֣1418ҹҹĲпսѪսʤսУ2700о8661700к7⵽ƻ
1945սʤǰ59նΪսʤգ֮ÿ굱죬Ī˹ƶں쳡¡ؼıʽף˹սʤ
199059գսʤ45ıʽǰһʤı
ȥ59գûоıʽ
꣬˹ȻûоıʽĿǣһȥɵӰ죬Ǿ׽⣬Ѿ֧Ųôŵıʽˡ
ǰʱÿʤգʤգͶݳıνϧǮԴʤյ̬Ⱥ͹͹Դʮһ̬ͬ
ͨڶԣÿʤ٣ǶԸַʽǸʷʱ̡ǰֱһƺ䡢Ϊ¸Һʤġ˿˰˿ϵߺͷ⾵ϣеĸװ˿ϵںӵСƳϣʤռеһ羰
ϵǶսϱյǣҲ𾴵ˡ
ӵٽڶյ죬Ī˹ƣӦϯ˹һռ
Ȼ˵˹ıʽˣӦļеģϾ練˹սʤĳڼǰûйϵġ
ٽӦι˼ͬվ߲ѺýӴȻûýϴȴѾڶ˹Ǻһ
Ķ˹˥䣬͹ĺȴʼչˣܶ˳ڻǰʱǿ󺣾֮⣬ҲΪеʹġ
ٽĸдҲظоҾø㲻ȥôӽҲ޷ץ˹ôһӣŪڣǱͧ͵͵ˣû취˵ˡ
ǸٽμʤռͬʱҶҲܽ˴ڡ
һνڣȴǽͬ־칫̷ʤͬ־֪ͨģ˵ʱǳ֣£ҪҶͬ־ҶװҪ
үү⽭˼ʲô˼ôҪҴϾװҶõ֮󣬲ɵôΪͿǾѯʶүӴµľ
ؼһ㣬ʲô·νװңҪʲôζΪأܲھʹһͺͺɫװȥͬ־ɣ
Ļедˡ
Ҫ֪ڵ˾ѵʱڵͨС֮⣬ܹʽϴûоζ־װƺֻλ
һλһ׳ͬ־һλǼί׳ĽӰ˹Žͬ־
ֻλʽʸûκξζ־ľװģҶûʸġ
ҪĴľװ˿֮һ䣬Ҷ˺򲹽Ӱ˲ǣĻɾԽˡ
үˣȴǹЦôʲô㴩װʹװˡûоζͲҪѵûвμӹҲԤۡ
˵绰֮ҶԼĥ¶ðնүӵ˵ȥӦҲûʲôԵģϾԼڵĸɲֲǾˣװ⣬ʵеˡ
׼ȥ֮ǰһ׹װһɽװһ׼пװ׼ȫʱȥа죬˵ʲôãʹʲôˣܲΪһװ⣬ͱץë
ȻЩϸ֦ĩڵС¶ҶҲԸ淸˼ɻ䡣
ҶȷʵȨ죬Ҷſñȥа죬ҲǸ䣬ȻűˣðҶҺʵ·ˣȥôھһҪôȥ
ڸصĹأһҪ㹻صģȷ̬ȡ
Ҷ˴ڣȻͨһ֤绰УȻͬԱ˰칫Դ
а츱̷ʤͬ־ҲڳҶɽװɵЩȻ
СҶͬ־ҲǽҪװôһɽװ̷ʤüͷ˵
ûоζװʰɣҶ̾ͱʾ
̷ʤԾ˵ˣ¶ҪġȥһľװѾζ־ȥˡ
ǵˣҲ׼˵ľװҶһָԼĴӣ˵
ǾͿ컻ϰɣҪӣ׳ǶڵءԴͬ־һ˵
ϡҶӦһؽ·˾װ
СҶװ˧Դ˿Цűʾ
ҶԼЩͿģԴԴţ˽ͬ־İ칫ҡ


324 صҫ
ҶľװȻǴͷ֣ʵֽУĴװ
ǵȻȶ¶Ѿˣֻڴ߶¶Ҫˬˡ
߽˴Ժ֮Ҷ͸ее⣬߾Ȼе
̧ͷһ£ͷִкܶȸʲôڷȥ
ЩȸҶɵ˹ڱ̫һ顣
ȸӦһͨСĳЩũΪȸϲʳȡƶÿɹȻ߶ɡ֮ʱǽСػţǵȸ
ÿʱǶǺܲԸģΪȸ˩סǵֽţʣµֻ֣𵯹ȸ
йãҵˣʳͻڴ˹У̫潫ȸ󡢲ӬһΪĺ1956𣬷ֱ5ꡢ712ڣȸȡĺ
ȫΧһȸ˶ܵʱѧҶָȸ񣬲Ǻ棬ҵȸ˶ܿͲ赲
ȸ˶ĸ߳1958ĴԾ˶УʱΪӸδȸȫУʦУ죬糱ռеĸߴ¶ҡ֦ʹȸûп֮֮أǲͣطɣ˵ȸǶѶ
˸ڣȫȸﵽ196ǧֻ
˽ѣȸͬʱһЩطѸٷֳصĳ溦
һЩȴУеҶӳԹ⡣
ΪˣпԺ黹˷ӳѧġȸ溦ϯı桷ݱԿѧݺͷȸں˵̫档
ãڡָʾдһ£ȸҪˣ֮Գ档
ˣһǰȸ˶ڻ
ΰΪʲôǸССȸȥҲΪļˮֲˮͯʱҲܹȸ񡣴žʱõһӡȸܳʳ
ˣڣǵ±⻹ûнʱȸͲһС⣬ȸ˶
ҲиԭǾ̫˯һ򲻺á
ҹ˯ʱҪϴڵȸһȸ˼ͳ˷ɣ˱Ͼɱ
Ҷ˼Ʈ죬ȸתʱѾԴͬ־Ĵ£˽ͬ־İ칫
ֻͬ־İ칫棬ʱѾۼλгί߰λίԱǣΪίʵʸ˵ĶүӣΪίһ׳ĹŽͬ־ڳ
ֵһģǽͬ־͹Žͬ־װƽʱıװкܴĲͬھòϾָˡ
ٿλ쵼ˣҶүӡЭϯͬ־ȵȣȻУࡣ
Ҷ߽֮󣬴ҾȻվ׷׹ơ
Ҷʱˣ˵ôˣо棬Ҫѡҵϯɣ
飬Եü򵥶ˣоίһ׳Žͬ־˾ίϯҶͬ־оֳָԶ˹鱨ֱӶаθ𣬲ҶٽΣԱҶͬ־ڶԶ˹鱨ľ޴ס
ͬ־ֽһŽǵļ¿Ҷװϵʱ򣬷ʱ˹
Ҷʶ򽭳ͬ־һȻתžƣת˻ֱۡ
ǸΪʲôҪװˣԭΪ˸η㣬ܲɽװһŽǣӵĻûӸ
ӭĽҶͬ־˵֮󣬹Žͬ־Ц˵
ҶҲǷǳƽȻ˵ЩִѵִӪǶڼϿһŽǣǺȤġ
Ǹˣ뷨һװ翸ǣôţư
û뵽ûнӪҶҲбί׳ֱΪһ죡
ϸָЦݣҶһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôΪãλ׳үǣҵõоǳ⡣ȻҲΪһ飬û뵽ػûرϯΪΣҵҫҲҸеشҼϵĽҫҲǳΣһΪ֮ܶС
Ҷ֮󣬽ͬ־ͷ
Ӧ˵û׼ͱί׳Σٽε£Ҷܹڵ״̬йоص˵ĸѾǷǳˡ
ǻһˣͲ֪ϱˣο
ҶҶүӵοүӵϲã˵УееǸпеĽеǼʣ˵޵ģʱûз֣ҲųûУֻǶԷصıȽױֶѡ
ĻһҲûн
ֻǹƾίһ׳ί׳Σгίȫ鵽߰˸ίԱϯԹۣѾҫˡ
ǵһεʱҲûһٽйҫ
˵У֪Ҷٽεԭʲôֻ¶˵ҶٽζȻھеģƽʱҲóʾˣֻһԵҫ
ȻˣҲ˵ٽǼٵģʵĺԶһٽĺҪߵöࡣ
ΪһΪŪʮѺϽǱͧĴܣһٽΣ治Ϊ
һٽܹʮѺϽǱͧĻƾί׳ԸһڳȥʮʮٽĻǺǱͧҲ˸ŵˡ
ϣ˾ͷ׷ɢˣֻʣ˽ͬ־Žͬ־ҶүӺͶүӣаԴͬ־ûڳ
Ҫ۵Ļ⣬Ѿֻй͹߲е˲ܹˡ
СҶȥ˹ϵش󰡣ͬ־Ҷ֣ǳп˵
Ϊնѧƶѧͬ־ǿβְʱ򣬸Ҳйܶ෽ĽӴҶҪ飬жôУжôҪжôΣգ
죬ǵǲѾʼˡŽͬ־Ҳ˵
Ҷˣ֪ΪʲôҪڽΪԼˣҲһмӡ
ǲӵķζԼڶ˹ʮѺϽǱͧѾ뿪ܻأͬǲһͬˡ
Ѿ뿪˶˹캣һֻºǱͧӣʱѾͿڹ͹еıźͱʶ˹͹װһ֡
ĹȷʵҶٽΡ
ȻˣҪһ㣬Ҷڶ˹ӵھ򣬲ŸոĻ
ǰǸܺ׻ĴڵĻҶٵսǸΪ޴ģ¶ڹ͹Ӱ죬ҲǼԶġ
ĿǰҵѲ󽢺ҺǱͧڸΪǵĽӦϣһ˳ɡͬ־Ҷ˵ʤϢ
׳ģһṼСҶ֣صؾ˸ȴ뵽Žǵķʵ̫ˡ
Щܻ쵽һŽŽǵĽǣҶԼе̫ίˡ


325 ȥ˵
үү˵᲻ˣֻܹŽǣɢʱҶȻԶү˵ôһ䡣
ţ
˾ģǶүһˣûԶĽͬ־͹Žͬ־仰ҶүҲˡ
ֵǣŽͬ־΢üͷҶүޱ飬ͬ־ȴһЩõɫֻ˶û˵ȥ
ܰɡүҲһһתҶ˼¾ҡҡͷ뷨̫ˣսģǶԽʿĿ϶ǶԾ޴׵ı־ʲôϵ㵱ǳ̫ƽˣ뷨ŲҰŽջȥţ
١ҶЦЦ˳ȥ
ô˵Ȼ˵˵
ʮƾ質ֹһ
Դ󺣵ľκˣðŵ˵ǹֵֻ꣬ö˷죬׸裬ٰܹݺٽǵصصġ˳Ĳһ˲Ŷ
Ҷ뵽飬ͲɵöԼϵŽĸп
սһʣᵶǷָģľʡСս׳ʿʮ顱䡣
̸𡰽޲ǧʷа˳Уʤǧ⡣ľһ֮˧ݵ֮ˣ
սֹս̫ƽʢᵶó󣬲ŤŤƨŤŤøСС˷磬ģЦѫպվ»ߵǡ
˵ٽֻǽе𲽾ΣʵǲͬѰ
ԭҶӦþ͵Ϊֹˣû뵽쵽ſڵʱҶȻ˵ʵ赱Ҳδɰ
Ŷɶ˼үӷǳϵطʵ
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Ҫ˵ֻί飬Ҳĵġүӹǳ
ҲǹֻֻепѡҶҡҡͷгһգҲܵˣŽǣɲҪҲգҸЩˣΪ顣
ͬ־ĽŲƺһ£Ȼų˴ţȥ˸ڵİ칫ҡ
Žͬ־´ҶһۣƺдȴҲû˵ʲôֻǸҶүӴ˸кȻҲԼİ칫ȥˡ
ҶͶүûֱ뿪ȥҶүӵİ칫С
ȻЩңЩ⣬ҶһöǣҲѵˡ֮ҶүӲŵͷҶ
æŸˮ裬үվһ߶ҶүдһֺƺЩӡ
һε飬˭ģҶûΪͻȻһŽǶԣЩǵҶүѯʵ
зΪһε飬ȷʵһЩŹ֡
ҶҶүҲãүҲգҪŪһŽǵģⲻϹأҲеעĿʲô¶
ҶѾȽۺˣ鷳ҲǲϣҶӦȻƣڱȥҲҪСĶԸֶôһŽǣھһ֣ҲӵԼݣһǲ͵ݣһ׮顣
Ҫ֪ھܶһӣδܹŽǣһʮ˶ѣͻȻõ˾ίΣ˻ʵĹ͹ôķܲۺ죿
˵һְͬʱҲһֿ飬ҲԵһ֡ɱ
ҶĻβģֻ֪ŽǲôÿģĻϱҲǳø֣ȴͻȻҫ˵ΪǱͧ飬ǳ깦ķкܶ࣬δؾͷҪһ
Ȼ˵ŽǻҶеӣʵϵȴûж٣˵ʵʵĺôǸء
ȻˣҶ¶ҲѣҲ֪ʮĸѾˣټӰ뼶Ļһ˶Ҫˡ
ӵ֮Ҷүӿ˿ԼͺĶүӣĥһ£ȻŶҶ˵˭⣬ѾɿŽͬ־ͽͬ־ʾͬȷʵҸеЩȡ
ҶҶүӵĻʱһ㣬뷨ǳڽͬ־͹Žͬ־ľˣֻ˭Ҷүӻǲ֪ܹ϶ǲԸ
ǰҷڻϿҶҶү˵
ҪҲŽǰɣҶүӿҶЦ˵
٣ǵģˮڣҶҵүǶʲôʱҲ˿˰ɣҲŶĺôȥ˵ܲǾͿ۵θڹˣҶǺܹرʾ
үӴʱҶүӵĴת˻ߵҶүӵİ칫ǰ˳˷ݶļţһ߶˵СµĹͣһٽҲΪϾҶΪ˾ӽ裬ԼӶɳȥˣأ׵ģһȥ˹ܻ̽ص飬ҲǾһһٽԵñˡ
˵ĻҲǺеģƽʱڣ̶ûôҲָܹں⽨ҵˣҶһγȥҶҵļ̳˵ݣΪսȥˣʲôķգö֪;ģĴŵУ˭ܹȵϣ
˵ˣû˸ҶԼӵܷŵնĻȥ
һеʲôʧԼҵĴҵ
˼ôǲҪȥǣԼҵˡҶүӶ飬ǿúܵСȥ˹İȫΪܰͰ죬ܰͲҪǿԼĹѾܶˣĺĸƻҪģԴΪذɡ
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Ҷڴ£ǰǰݹˣðջǺܴģл˱˲֪һЩ˵Ǹصָܿ
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Ͼ⺣ϣԼľں£ԼĺǱͧӦ
һεжشһɹˣջԼھĲɶҡӰͬʱҶԼҲܹеõʵʺô˵Ǹ棬൱ļԴԼƽ鱦ġ
ΪǰĶܻأıضԹ
ôջҶܲģЩõģҲϣҵǸطȥ澿ʲô
Ҫһ㣬һֱôһֳ嶯ƺʲôرĶڵȴԼĵ
һַǳĸоȴȷȷʵʵڵģҶгһļ¶


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ȻЩھίΪҶһʮˣͻ٣ʵʧ쵼ɲҲþӵĹƶڲˣ¶ǾίͨģŽͬ־ͬ־ΣȷʵҲǿɡ
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ΪǱͧ顣˵Ҳ֪СʲôʺˣȻӶ˹һʮѺϽǱͧҺ˵ҪӶ˹򺽿ĸίΣƾΪⷽ飬һ˵ǱҶھӷ¡
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ҲòͷϵȷʵѣЩ˼ϲ˵Ҳ˵ġ˵Ϊ飬Ҷ˺üζ˹ͳȥĻ¸мǧԪ
Ҳֵˡ˵ǹҵĺҲ֪ģǱͧȻˣڼ滹кܴռ䣬ܹοնļģʽǶҲǷǳкôġ
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ڹۺĸ飬ʲôͻȻѯʵ
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ڹ⴦ۺĸ⣬ÿʶ࣬еǸĽΪĸݣеΪнееΪĸ԰еֱӲ
۾ĴͳǽЩֻ״϶ҪάһսǿԱѸٲӣҪսԴȻЩ۵ľڣ޴Իˡ齢ӡӰӽӡȴºš
һս󣬸üҲŴշ۵ľ۲ٵ⣬ȻϾ档
Ϊˣʱδ󽢶ıŷ˹ء˽۾һЩؼڼۿڼзİ취
ЩƽԤԱҪʱطս
1925ͨһ۽ִһƶȡĿǰ齢ӡҪͣݵıۣݷѳǵ˹˹ÿ˹ݵĲء
սձʱ¹Ǳͧڴ޼ɣӢ̴ⲿʵӢ˵⼸ĴȻӢʱûжĽͧΪ̴ι𼪶ͳ˹Ԯ
ǵʱԷߣں͹ᶼԽӢ¼ս˹Щ⡣
գ50ҾɽӢΪṩ֧֡
ʽս󣬡齢ӡҲʼΪ̴
ս󣬡齢ӡһȴﵽ2000ҵĹģ
ڳսУЩٴεǳ540ҾɴΪʣṩ֧ԮȡԽսʱڣ·۵ľɴΪ172ҡ1991ĺսУҲսн°߶ԡź͡˹ǡŶ˷Ѳľͷӡ̡
齢ӡ׿Խ֣¶ǳӣʱʱãΪԮߡ̨۵ġ¡𽢣ǡ齢ӡĳԱ
ڶ˹ԣȻάЩûˣΪ˲ʹЩ۾Ϊй¶»ܵĿ꣬Բ֮ͳѡ
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ǲ⺽ĸҲô򵥵飬һ˵ǰѺĸϵװȲжȻٶԽ弰豸Ƚвж
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˸߰Ĳжãֻ̾ˣʹƴֵҲе׽⣬̲ʱжϡ
ʵ֮ʵᵽ¶ҲЩп˵
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ʲôóԼֻҶô򵥣ҲֻʹںǱͧͺĸô򵥣һġ
ҵ˼Ҳûʲô˼ȥŪǱͧĸҲӦԸ˹Ӵһ£Զ̫ƽ󽢶ӵ˹˺ţǲԸתã˵
顭ԭ˵ʵģתһ͵ͷǿһԡ
Ҳ൱˲뵽˺ܶණ
ĶǣΪҶұŪ˵ˣҲ磬޷ģͷ֮û˱飬ĥѩ޵顣
ǺܿϧҶҵ죬Ҷץʲôѱֻаˡ
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š˵ͷĿȴת˰һϵģ档
ڽ괺֮ҽԺдڲΣ״̬ǰίίԭιгίĳȥ
ϳ¼ңʣ˳һˣľ֧ǳΨһо
ڣΨһģҲֻдһЩС϶ԽҶˡ
뵽Լֵܣ뵽ԼĶǣ뵽ԼǣоͳŭԹΪ˱һݵͷӣǲʲôԭ͹˼ɵġ


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ʲôģ¶ǴҽԺﴫϢҶ̿϶
ҶЦаȥһҽԺôص鶼ˣ㲻ȥҽԺСʿȥ˰ɣ
١ҶЦһ£˵㻹˵ҽԺ棬мˮСʿҽҲкܲġֻҶҵҪھ棬߶飬һ治֡
ҶҲй˼ɵģҶҵص㱣϶λүӶⷽ俴أҶû˭ģҪھҸ㣬ŪԹڵĻүӿ϶ҪʰģǴҶӽҲܷŹ
ֵ߶һӣǱ߶ѩͳҲ˵ˣĸߵһ档
ҶľװϣҿȻ
Ҷ˶ʱ
϶ͬ־ģүϢ֮ⲻҪһȻĻĻҲô޵ļ˲֪ʹԼŮʸ
ǰľװϿ˳ҲһԱ߶ҶҲôһûдٽء
ƭ㡭ҶָľװϽľװ㶼Ը⴩㿴ҵٽװˣҶͻȻתԣҪӾˣҪĻ󲮹ƻ˵ҹץȥͽӪȥɣ
Ҷ⻰һҲ֣Ҷʲôȱǲȱǰ󲮶УپװڵĽپװɫĶбһչʾݶˡ
Ҿľװ¿İҶЦ˵
ôһĵ顣
ҶȥװȻϵһŽǽӲӣ˿˾Щȡ
ԴҲǳȤϳҴ˶ˣҪ̽翪ʼչԼ⼸λǣҲûнӵģҶĽ֮Ե÷ǳ˷ܡ
ϧˣҪǻŽǵģǾͱȽͷˡ濴Ҷžװ֮Щδرʾ
šҶҡҡͷһҲƱʶѣҪչĻүҲͬ⡣
˵ͷ֪Ҷ˵Ĳ١
ҶүӸ·;ǾԲȥӾһչ·Ӿ̫խˣԺɾҲһί׳ѣǲҶҶҶĳԶ滮ġ
Ϊ¶ҶӳҪҶӾʱүӻѵһͨ˵ûͷԣһӾֻھջӡ
ͷƷ˵һӻ濪ŵ
ţǾͿһλŰɫƷŮӣڴſڣЩ㵵ؿӵˡ
ף嵤ͻȻҶҵĿôЩˣʱһ
ôҲû뵽컹ʽҶլͻȻˡ
ѩһſڵĺŮξ֮󣬶Щ㵣ɵýĿⶼתҶϡ
һ׸ʲôôôһλŮ٣
ǳ濴ҶĿ⣬ԵúܲѺãݺݵصۡ
Ҷ֪ҶеˣǾͽܵţλǺ˾Աǧ𣬺ξ嵤С㣬ΪϵһЩ飬ʱסǼҡ
ҶĽ֪ͣ¶϶򵥣ԷȻǺ˾ԱŮô϶ʲô߰Ůˣٲֳʲôʰ
ϾҶ׼δϳҵŮǾ˼Ҷ֪飬˾ԱȻҲϽζίίԱȴҲԼŮȻϳҵǽǶ
Ϊ嵤ȴûпǵô飬ֻǿҶϵľװ֮е⣬Ҳем
뵱ͽӪȥా£Ҷҵû׼ᣬڼһٽװ񫣬ʲô¶أ
嵤ģԼװģĶˡ
嵤һ䣬ľװ


328 ֻ
ľװҶһʱµ˵ˡ
װȻҶҿʲôǼϵһŽǣȴҶϴӶ˹ŪʮǱͧŻġ
ңһȥǸ׻صϵ׶ҲǷأֱڻڱ֮УҸ˵
ҲֻҶүӺͶү֪¶ѣҶƽеϸ⡣
һȥȻսȴҲʤսˣһŽǣʾҶķṦΰ⼸ʮûʲô˱ˡ
˵ڸһǵʱΪ˷㹤ǮѧɭнζܹҶᲢۣˣû˵
1957ʱǮѧɭԹ͹ҵŵĳԱݷʹйһ˵˵Ļ˼豸ڸ߶ȱܵĵλйŵĳԱ֮Уֻ൱Ա൱߼εľٲܲιۡ
ڴųԱ֮УǮѧɭĵרңȻҪȥιЩ߶ȱܵĵλȻǮѧɭûоΣ̸ϸ߼Ρ֪£ίǮѧɭнΡ
ʾ1945ʱǮѧɭУΡѾ12꣬ΪʲôأǰӵĽƶȣҲֵˡ
̫֪£ҲʾͬΪǮѧɭҲнΡ
ǾίܿǮѧɭнΣ
ڴ£ҶƺʹүǷʵ
үӲûشֻ˵Ǯѧɭ˼ʾ󴫡
ҶүҲָһ㣬ʱǮѧɭΪ͹ҵŵĳԱע⣬Ϊ֪ѧʶ֪1945ǮѧɭΪվУ˵¹ĵأѶ˵¹רңǴΩһרҡ
ʱдڷƵ¹Ľ׶Ρ
ΪڲιصʱǮѧɭȥѧ߰ѧҼ档
Ǯѧɭ˵Щڵ¹ֵȥιۣѧԺƽʵεֵ÷ʱȥιЩмһ˵Ķ
ǮѧɭûȥιĵأûоΡ
Ҷĥĥȥ;¶ƺҲǺܿ׶ү˵δؾʵڱһЩܶ鶼Ǻġ
ⷢĽ¼ûмأʾڲ鵵ļ¼ûС
Ҷڵٽζʵ¼ǲ鲻ģҪܲλ߾ί֤Ļǻٽȷʵġ
ΪоֵĸֳҶҲǷǳġ
֪оһǸгίǵİȫģҶֳȴǸԶ˹鱨ҲԵЩ룬ƺλרΪõһ
Σ˵ָ˵ǽľװҶǸеǳˬġ
·ǽģȫҵ·ǽġҶЩܻرʾ
嵤ӦúģȻЦ̫ˣû뵽ҶҲвʱ̫Цˣ
淭˸۶λξе辢һҲǳ߹ĺ˾
СѾͷ㻹ϵҲһԵҶ嵤ѯʵ
嵤ҡҡͷҶһۣʾϵá
СʱסھԺһšҶԲѵ
嵤ʱֳһŵıôܣűҴ꣬ôܱң
㲻žˣؼȥ崨ҲСҶֵ˵ƺ¶һ
嵤ôһ˵֮ģмˣ¶óϵģϾ˼ֶ֣ἱ½ġ
ҶһĥҶ˵ҲмֿŶȣ嵤Ŷʮ꣬ҶȴѾʮˣ嵤֮еʱҶѾСѧ嵤Ҳʲôܵ顣
Ȼ嵤еЩΪ飬Ҷôһ˵֮󣬴Ҷʱþͽࡣ
½һ嵤Ҷ·顣
Ҷ٣㲻ĵһɣѵģ嵤Ȼ¶е˼飬뵽ҶɲݣԼҪִеǸҶȥ˹ܹ嵤еɣŽǸҶġ
Ҷͷû˵
ɣȻġһӣ嵤еˡ
ڶӵ˾Ҳһٽѡ
СԺҪ׳Ҷ˿嵤ξװʱ;Ӳ˺ܶ࣬ͷ嵤ļ緢˵
Цſһ;е֣оСĺÿһЩϺܹͣĳг
ѩҲʾͬСľװȻɿģûʲôУΪм¿Կ˵ĿĻ񹤴ľɾװҲûʲô𡣡
Ҷˣʱ÷ǳƣҸ񹤴үһִ
˵ʵҶҲľװеȱУŵľװȴԭԱģǾʽŵ·ԵñȽϿһЩ֮Ƿʴ
һʵҲǱȻģܹģ϶弶ˣҲˣҲˣ̫·ȷʵϣԿǱġ
ڼ˵һӻȻͿʼԷ
ȵԹ֮ɫͲˡ
Ҫؼҵģߵʱ򣬾Ϳ嵤һۣȻСҶĶʵҲס
⻰ʵģеⰡ
Ҷ˿棬ƺеԴ׵ĸоСĵرʾʵһ˲ţڽͧоרңһθһȥ˹ģҲǿӵϣһĻᡣ
Ҳɣ滹Ǹе޷ͻ
ƽʱҲͰˣҶլ棬ҶһסйŮģܻҶ嵤֮ĹϵֻǵսѣҪ˵ѵĿԻǺܴġ
㲻֪ô¶ҶѣͰ˾ԱίԼ򵥵ؽһ£ô¶Ϊ̸Ѳ׶˾Աͬ⣬ԽһִĻᣬҪԧ졣
Ŷֻˡ֮ŵͷ˵
˭˵أҶЩص˵ͷ̯¶ƲҲҵùˣ˾ԱĹϵҲܲӸ
ˣȻʵ
ôжʮŮ˰ɡҶ˵⻰ʱԼеΥģʵ̫ɶˡ
ΪóģԼǰ˼嵤ħ˰
ô˰ǵץʱˡŶһȻͻҲǼмƺҲģܽΣ
С㣬˼һڸأͱˣʡøﲻʰҶϽƵֻ󰲰Ӧһε飬ͻȥˡ
Ŷ˵ͷ˳棬Ȼֽ˳Ҷ˵ɶһᷭġ


329 ʦ
ŵĲͦصġų֮嵤ȻҶ󣬶˵
ŶҶͷҲصػش˭ôˣŮ˵ҲǣҶǵģǼ滹סź꾫
˵˭Ǻ꾫嵤ˣʱŭ
ȷôôҶعͷŭ嵤ƺЩ㵵ӣȫûҪ
嵤һת߽˷档
ҶԼıӣЩƵ˵˭ҵˣ
ڶһ磬ҶȻӵо־ֳĵ绰ȥһ˶˵һЩҪ
ҲҶүӵŵùˣҶӵ绰֮Ҳûж룬ʰһ֮󣬾ǰڡ
һΣǲʱ绰ˡ
ҶžװϽҫؽԼľ֤ݸſڵʿ
ʿһ̴֮󾪣ǰλ˷ָٽȻԼĶͷ˾֮һоֵĸֳҶٽ
񣡡ʿҶһ׼ľ
ҶҲݻһȻԼ֤ȥ
оֵĵ̶֮̾Ҷڴڵİ칫С
߶İ칫Ҳǹŵ佨һԺ䣬ľǳ죬Ҷİ칫һ䣬Ա߶İ칫ңоʲôһʮ䷿ӣֳϽΧ֮ڵġ
Ҷ뵽Լİ칫֮󣬾Ϳʼ´
ֻļҾʲôĶǺľģȥһϹŶ칫ƷµģǸո׼õġ
Լθֳ֮󣬲ʱ׼õİ칫ң򲻻ӡ
ҶƵ׶೤һ׶Ĵ칫棬Ȼ̴ľ̫ʦϣŤŤƨɣһȽƣϵľڣ
沢ûʲôеϣ޷һЩа·Ĺ¹ճļ˵ͲȵȣܵһҲûС
ҶַһļǹҶΪоֳָ֪ͨ
ҶаڲǱ˰ģȫжȻˣа챾ǱܼߵĲţ֪飬Ҳȷʵࡣ
йҶٽεļвûھίǱ߶Ӧһܵľڣ¼ȥ
˼ӣ˼ٵĽŲ
Ҷվߵſڵʱ򣬾ͼо־ֳѾЦ˽
־ֳáҶһ
ҶֳáһЦ˵
߽Ҷİ칫ң֮˵Ҳûʲô飬ΪҪˣҾ͹㣬ʲôطҪ°һ£ǲЩܹṩһЩģЩ㾡˵ͺˡ
л־ֳġҶл֮󣬾Ͷ˵ʵҲûʲôˣһιȥҲǸ˴ܣҪǶǶ°ɣҪҲҪǼģЩѾӺǱ߶Ҫˡ
Ǿͺãо־ңʲô鶼Ը˵ġ֮󣬵˵ͷû˵ʲôֻҶʾԼȫ֧֡
л־ֳ֧֣ҪҲġҶʾ
˿Ҷİ칫˵ͷʾԣȻ˵λ¸ص˼ңҪһ棬
ŶҶˣʱһ㶡
оУסŵĵ¸ص˼ǣ˸ҶҲԸ֮⣬Ӧöʶˣû뵽ʲôԼûмġ
ĻҲе⣬ܹǵ¸ص˼ң治һҲƺš
һλ˼ңҶɵҪһ
Ǻǣ֤ûҲûһλ˼ҡʱЦ߰ɣ˼Ѿ˺ܾˡ
Ȼô˵ҶҲ˵ȥҲЩ棬֪˵λ˼ңǺηʥ
ҶûҲûһλ˼ң˭أҶҡҡͷö֪
ҶԺ߹ȥ˺üɽ͹ʽ֮󣬾ͳһͥԺƺȫɫɽסˣڴֻ¶ֻĥùͭŻżһ¹â
ˡ˵һȻؿסŻƿȻҶ˽
Ҷ߽ȥ֮󣬾ͷԺӶɽڱˣֻа߲Ĺâϸܵķ϶ͶӳõϳͭǮСĹӰڻζš
ͻȻôһռ䣬Ҷ͸еԼ۾еӦоǰһЩӰڻζţߵ仯˲һʱսλС
ʱһ뷢԰׵߳ͥԺ
ҶоЩ쳣ʱ̧ͷһͷλߣֻƺʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳпǰʮ꣬ͷͷһ٣˿ȴûжƣͷ䣬ǻ۵Ĺâ
׶ģλߵϴһֲӣɫĴֲϣûоúᣬ¶һֹƮݵ
ֿ죬ƺ͸ʵʵɽҶӣܹʲôͬĶһҲţеѧαĶŸ
ʦáλߣȴǹؾһ
߻عͷһۣ˵ͷСӣˡ
ʦҰķԸҶˡ˵
ҿˡӦһȻ˵ȻȥɣҸСҶúһġ
ǣʦȸˡ־һȻĵ˳ȥ
Ժ棬ʱֻʣҶλˡ
ҶߣöԷƺĪ⣬Լû˵ڻһλ˲Ĵ̬֮쵼ҲˣλߣʲôأҶгɻ
ߵĴֲӣֻĹӰ߲ӳ˴ʵ֮䣬һֲʵĸо
Ϊ㲻ߵֻǾЩĪ⣬Ҷһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôΪãԱտڲԣվ￴ߵ۾ϣзֵʲôһĶ
ֻߵͬʱҲڻعͷȴû´ֱһ־Ŀ⣬ֱֱش̽С
ҶͻȻ֮͸оһǿľ˽ԼŰţХţһͷ޴ϬţͻȻ˲˵أ˵Ĵײˣ̤һͿ
ǣҶڿˣĿ£еŲסˡ
ԤҪöˡͻȻЦ
ôһЦҶ;ϵѹͲʣʱѩڻһ㣬ͳͳʧˣֻһůȴȵо
λʦʲôأҶг˺档


330 кô
˵ɡЦŻ˻֣ʾҶͥԺȥ
ͥԺм䣬ƹһɽ֮ȴǻȻʣйľϰϰмǼȪˮ֮ϵĻȣȻǸеĺõط
ֻڻ֮У̴ľСͰںˣĲˮ˿˿ð˳ܿڿ֮ɢ
ˮһŮӣǱˣҶʶ
лǡҶ￴лʱȷʵһô
֣ȷʵҶһôҲû뵽ӦڽǱ߶ʥлͻȻھ棬һڴڣصԺ档
лһ۵ΪʲôܳұǴġ
ҶĻʱͿһۣпʼ²֮Ĺϵ
Ů϶ǲˣﻹࡣ
ֻǴ֮ǰߵأԼҶԼĸλ߾л游ҲӴһЩôʲôأ
ʦҴӽд衣Ҷ˼֮䣬лѾ˲裬˫ֶ˵ߵǰ
һӣ豭͵ϣһȥ۾ζһӣŶл˵ⲻķŶƲַѾһĩȾˣʱգѳΪһƲʦ
ҲܺȳҶɴ۾˵ǹװҰɣ
ʱлҲҶһ衣
Ҷѧߵӣһʱˮ¶ʵ̫ˣƺˮ࣬ûаĺ̻ˡ
ֻֻջǵĸоУȴһƮݣһ˲ͽĺеĲʸɢ
ȻǺò衣Ҷ̾˿
ⶫҶҲûкȹֻǴûкȳЧ
̲裬һڹ֮䷽ʼժһѿһҶΪչ׼ԼƷαɫ۹⻬ѿ¶
Ƚ®ɽ裬̨ɽ衣
®ɽɫ̣ŨˬѿҶ԰ɻزƬ󣬱̯ͨ紦ҶȻ󾭹ɱࡢɢȾŵƳɳƷ
ںժʱѿʺԣŨζʣɫ峺̲еľƷϸƷɫ裬ȴ嵭ʢС®ɽɽȪ豺͸㴼ɿڡ
費ζŨ㣬кҿ԰ɱⶾзֹθȾӿѪȹܡ
ɽ®ɽȻһЩͬģԽɽ裬ζҲв֮ͬһЩԸлù̵ķˮݣҪʱһ
ǵȵˮ½Ʒеζˡ
ǰֻΪ˺ȲɣҶڿˡ
ͷʱأûôйԱƴĲҶ׳ԼʣҲҪ̸һ̸ߵĵϸ
ƷƷζЦſҶ˵
Ҷ˵㲻żҿżأǾͻؾδСʣĻ𶼵ãھõ𡣡
򲻴Ц
ϲҲСҶ༥
һһض˼֮Ҷʵʦǽʲôģ
ʦֻ̡Ա߶лʹΪشҶͲҪˣҶүҲƴʦһǰ
Ҷ֮󣬲Ϊлʡ
λʦܹڴ֮УӵôһľµԺ䣬ͲһˣǽӴϸе˺֮ܶʹҶܹ϶λνʿˡ
Ȼ˼ҿȥʮģ˭ܱ֤˼Ҳפأ
лһϣͿԿһأλʦԲǳصġ
˵ʵǰҶռлʱǶֻǲûмʶлֻ֣ǾܹΪǾֵܶӸܶӳӦˢӵġ
Ҷоּлʱ򣬾ȷʵΪһ˸ͽ˴ڣҲо֣һͷĿ
ٺڽеʱ򣬼л֮󣬲֪ȷʵǸи֡
ôлܹͣӵôǿ֣ʦ˭أҶһֱڲ²⣬ֱλ֮󣬲һоȻиġ
Ȼܹȷλ߾лҵʦһܹóлߵأʦͽ֮ء
ʦкָ̣Ҷʵ
ʣԣǡʦЦ˵ƺڸ̸һͨ顣
Ҷ֮ȴǳ˾֮ġ
ʣԣǣҪʲôأͽ
ǣҶҪ
лı£Ҳ已̥ѣ书ٸߣҲ²˵װٵһǹ̵ִˣ¶һ߿ƼˣʲôƺѾʱ
ҶͶǲɱģٶӵġ
Ҷͺܹϵرʾлʦĺ񰮣ûгҵĴ㣬ʵŮѺܶģҲϣҿƺ쳾Դʦĺ⣬ҲֻˣڳҵĴ㣬ǾƲܹӦġ
ҶĻ֮󣬴ʦƺʲôЦһʱЦȻͣҶʵСҶӣ𣿡
ɲ˵гͷҲеġҶȻҵλصĴʦǵ٩һȴ˴ŵģǾ˵ʦӣҲʿ
һЦݲõӣͰ˵ҷɮǵֻǸ˶ѣΪŶѡ
ˣҶ֮ȴЩ졣
û˵ڻʲôˡ˵ΪЩڵˣʵоͳ֮µʿǡ
λлеĴʦȻ˵ԼǴڵġˡһʲô״أҶԴҲеԻˡ
ˡʵ᲻˴ʦҿɫǲǸճʱģҶôʵǺΣյһ飬ΪȫղסԷ˼Ϊðɡ
Ա߶лͿ˵ҶôæʲôӽиϹǸģźһûжأôôҴȥ
ҶʱҡͷлǣĲ̫ߣżһҲҵ컯ˣ¶ǵĻһ治֪Լǲܹͦס
ˮѣֲǶҩҶҲ̫С˰ɣл񵭵ЦЦ
ҶҪ˵ȴֿˣˣСҪ֡
ȻֶҶɫʵһкôġ
ŶҶ˿ߣֿ˿һȻлʵ޷ţһһкôԼ˵
ߣǶԼʲô޷˵ͼҶԼϵĺëʱɲһͷŶ


331 
£ûж⡣߿Ҷı飬ʱЦ
˵ҶֹһֿлһۣȻ˵лǣͻȻǣǱ߶ô죿
Ǳ߶ǻллޱػش
㡭ҶʱΪ֮ȴַûӹлʲô
Ͼл񻹲ԼŮˣΪͬǸĸɲƺԼίΣҲܹȫѹסǸίǼί᳣Ρ
οҶҪл쵼ԼǣԼڵ£ίǣԼָȥлҲǲܵģԼڽе£ˡ
ôǶԹĲҶ˹ǻ˵еôӣеϰգƶ£ǼȻΪһΣ͵츣һôеʱ̣лͻȻܵ˾ǳˮ⣬˵ùȥߵʱ򣬿ǰѽеиģôһŪԵʥϰ𣿡
лˮСİѾðˣӦóʱ򣬱ҶôһָŪлЩȻȻݲʱ
һˮ˷ˡԱ߶ߺȻ˵һ䡣
лôһʱѹЩյصҶһۣȻСˮˮˮ
ˮʵҪϸʲôصˮĲζǲͬġ
лĽ裬õҲǽеɽȪˮһֻͲǱ߶ģûж٣ֻǱҶôһ֣Ȼ˷˲٣еǳߡ
Ҫ֪ˮһͷ֮еĿʺĲ裬ڸжʱͱ仯˺ܶ࣬ҲﲻղźȵƮݵĸоˡ
㲻㣬ʱ飬Īˡ߿һĻҡҡͷ
˻ֵС°ɣҸСҶ˵˵
ǣʦл֮߾һȻĵ˳Ժ䡣
ʣҶ֮󣬶ʱ˳ŵС
һΣҶûгĬ̫ãҲǹһӵӣҶͿʵǰʲô㣬ԲҪΪͽɣҿлǵʾͺܺãʲôôˣû뷨
߶ʱЦһ֣ͽлµͲץ˹ȥȻ㵹СˮУȴҲûзŵ̿¯ȥգС
ҲζһˮͻȻͷ
Ҷû˵ֻ߽ˮ裬سԼһȻݸҶһ
Ҷһоһεȸиǿ֮оҲǿҡ
ͬĲ裬ͬˮͬĲߣڲͬУȻôķֱ𣬹Ȼͬԣĸ»Ǻнġ
ò裡Ҷִͷŵˬо֮󣬲ſ˵ѵ˵˼ǰɹ販ʿ
߱һҪģҶôһʣʱʧЦţͥԺ涼Ц
ҶԼͷһȦû뵽ߵ˳ӯԺĵƺţԺϿյЩ˳˿նɽǣƺҲھҵػζſжһεĲơ
ͷҶд󾪵
ǰҶҲûмṦˣ˵ˣǻṦģȥʥֵ֮ܣҲйģַл˵еĵһ֣еȡ
λԳǴ˵֮Ҷŷ֣λĹǲŽ湦򰡣
ɫ֮䣬Ͱһˮиտˣһ
ЦһӺͣЪ
СҶȤ߿Ҷ˵ˣûܹЦǺǡ
ڴڵ⣬Ȼ˵쵼Ƕ֪оôһλ˲õľǼҲֻг쵼ǣмλӴǴʱѾ˷ǣûʲô˽Ĵˡ
оڲһһĴڸǣȴԳߵͽͽΪ磬ȴضҶүĹ쵼ˣλʦ飬ֻ΢Ŷѡ
ôһڣҲ󲻳ˡ
ԽƵһ߶Ҷɫ˵ʵʵ²˵ġ
òҪҶ̱ʾ
Ϊʲôأ߱ʾ˲⣬ΪˣȻԣȴǳȻûܹܵǵͷϣ䷨ɣҲûκεԼµƾѡôõ飬ô᲻Ըأ
ûйأɷԲҶشû˹أû˾η֮ģ˺ģֲǷףαذԼֵ룬
쳾ģԼŪ֮ڣ¾ǣʲôֿԣôܹѴ߷ʵ
ҶҡҡͷʦˣֻͶ̥Ͷ˸˼ңҪһ춼УһٳѣӲչⲻǿҪǿƺ쳾շҼ˲Ը⣬ŲԸ⣬ŮǲԸ⣬ҵķ˿ҲԸⰡ
շô򵥵ġҡҡͷͳ˵Ժ󣬾Ҳû˵˷ˡĩʱѷӯѰ
ƺǱҶǣ£˼
Ҷ뷨ʵҪ뿪ģֻǲ֪ͷʲô뷨᲻ץԼţĿƺ쵼ǣҲǷŲеġ
һҶûʲôð취Ը
ȻִⲻˣҲǿ㡣ͻȻ˵ˣֻңҲܾô߳ȥҵڣ
ҪҶطʵ
ҶҲЩ㷲ģѲͷҪɱڣ
ˣͷڷ֮ϵϹҪҶ˿ڣҶҲҲ˰
ʵҲ򵥣ǾǡߺȻɫһ䣬һֻȭͷҶǰȻԡҡһȭ
ҶͷȻһԲϣֱӶ֣ҲǸеЩ⡣
ʹҲе̫³ˡ
ҶҪܿģȴԼȻ޷ƶھ֮䣬ȴͷȭͷѾǰȴ
ŶҶһ£˵ͷơ
١ͷͻȻһָ˳Ҷüġ
ҶʱһҽУһ糵һת˹ȥڵһʮΣȶһ죬һˡ
ߵһָͷ֮ƺҲǱȫһ㣬Щίٵڵϣ˺ð֮󣬲ǿվֹ˵װʵ̫ˣҲ֪ڵϹඥǷã
߹ȥҶһţûʲôӦʱЩô˰ɣҪĻ鷳ɾʹˣ


332 仯
ͷЩǵؿŵϵҶֻƺϢȫޣһֱ״̬
Ҳ֪ⶫǷĹáͷг˲ȷء
⼯ȫһָͷ֮ϣԴηעԷʶ֮еķţͷʦڵģڹඥ֮һλʦ֮п
ֻǣûκ˵ϣԹһԿҶڵϸһʱͷԼҲúްա
νඥѧܷȽеһʽʽԭǹӡȹǻʱУΪ¡أ̳óׯգĴ󺣵ˮƿУעڼλĹͷ
ඥĺ壬ףؼ̳λ߳Ϊһ֮һʽҲΪáΪ޴ھŵʱʮΪඥĦף硣
ڷйڹඥ˵δγһʽ
ʢеʱඥѾǻھ䡣Ĳܷǿû̳ඥˣ׼šѧܷ׼ףȻĻ
ûнܹඥˣʹϰҲԻóɹ
ඥʦһЩ¸صĴʦܹϵؽɫʱܽĳֶڴʦڿ۵Уͺϸز˽ֹ֮۵޳ַоɳհʹ²ඥεڣԸ˵ȱʾͶŵʽ
ڹඥУʦˮڡ塢Ƶܹͷϣ˵䣬ʾ巽ļӳ֣ϰйУжʦඥӳֵġ
ͷνඥȴһģʽ˵ڽʽ˵ľΪһ־ֱӺҶʶҪʶ֮еһЩǷϵĶɢһЩĹܸ
ôķǼģҲǲɲģΪͷͣҲܹ֤Ҷʶ֮зʲô仯
ԣҶڵ֮ͷҲûʲôģֻеȴѡ
ʱҶԼȴһַǳľ֮С
ͷһָͷϮʱҶڵһҲͻȻˡ
Ҷ屻ͬʱڵһʼ鼰ȫͺǱȼһ㣬ضҶĽǼ⣬ͷҶڵľ˵˾һԸƵźʽֵ
ֶպǷ⽻ϢƵȵģܹһ޷ʽԷڣԼΪԼһͽ
Ϊԭһٻͽ֣ڽҳ϶ȼߣνĹඥʵ൱һԵϴԹ̡
ͷڽĹඥʽȻҲ벻һ롣
ϴ֮⣬ͷҲȷʵʵڵؽԼеľǻͨһѹʽҶʶ֮УһҶʶܹǵʱҶ׾ܹճɷһ㣬øֲ˼ͷÿ־ܹˮտ
ҶеʱŶϾǱһöըĳһǰȫǲ״ŰʶҲһõС
Ժ߮ţʱظ˼άײҪռԭ˼άЩռ䡣
Ҷڵǹʱͷ˱Щװڻ
ÿһСζڻ֮ҶԺоͻһζ߼ܻ߾ĸһض顣
˼ǧγ֮ҶѾ˺ܴı仯
оͺѾһʽһǳڡ
ͻȻһʹϮҶӵһ£һˮ䵽˵һһַǳƵڵϵţʮӵӣͻȻ˹һӷ
ͷҸƴˣҶطһС
ٿΧʱѾɫˣͷҲˣҶȻԺ֮ɽ档
Ҷһӣ;ȫϸˮϴһʪģһһּʹĸо
òȻԺ߹ȥ
һθоһҶг˷ŭҪͷһ
̫ˣ˶Ļỹܻôûһϰ
ĳһ̣Ҷ뵽ԼЩʽ˵ⶫŪԲǴʦǴɣͳͳըҶʣһ
Ҷ߶ݶ䣬ϵɫԵ൱ƿţͰӭлһ
ѽлܵһһȭӭ˹
ҲҶ̫ˣһɷټʪģͷҲճͷƤϣȥĸһлķӦҲǺ
лķӦ̫ˣҶһȭǳԶˡ
ķչǳϵģҲ֪ôţȻͶ㿪һȭԼҲô¶
лҸʲô㣬ͷȥˣҶƺûвղŵΣգǳ˷ŭлʵ
㡭лһȭգҲе죬ȴûзӦô¶ֻǾҶг˷ŭһ˫۾͸ķŭâǶΪ֮ᣬɵһ־Щҡ
ɡ洫λʦ
һȻޱȣȴ̺һȶĵʹлҶܵ˸Ⱦ
ǣʦлӦһʱŷӦҶôˣԼĵһȭһԼУǵԼʧǣǹˣʦĹඥӦˡ
ҶҲһƽ˶ҲоԼĪı仯Ӧþͷһָͷĺ
Ҷ߽棬ͼͷзһ飬Ҷܺã˹ȥͼǡеһζ
ꡭѧ˼ҹضүҹҲ䣿ҶȻûиȴ񶾵ԣͷһͨ
ûб׳աͷ˿ҶȽο˵
Ҷʱȴһ£˵Լı׳ˣǺ޷ˡ
˵ģԼæЩ飬ͻᷢı
ǱͧȻˣǺĸ϶͸ˣڵĴĸؿ϶ΪԼʧòʰʥķչҲһջ޷ڶʵ֣Զ˹ԴսԼƻȻ޷֣ǧѷĺûʧȥˣ͹ùʯս·߱ˡ
ҶҶԣļ̳ûˣ˥䣬ڼ֮ڷûҶҶңҶүӡүӺҶƽԣһ޷ܵĴ
ҶЩŮǣӰ͸ˡ
뵽Щ飬Ҷʱŭͷ𣬶򵨱
ͷһ¶û꣡ҶӺ¶ҪûһĽͣŲҰѸը


333 ˵ļ
ҶȷʵǸеǳģ¶̫ˣ
ڹϵԼµϣǾԲܺģҪ
ѵ˵˰ŪˣȻ˵һҺܱǸ¶ˣ
ȻǲģҶ󶯸λҪͷˡ
ᣬඥĺӰ컹һЩġͷȴǿ˿Ҷ˵ͷ
˵֮䣬ͷһָҶ
ҶһʱͶ㿪ˣЦձһأҶﻹڶذ
Ǳ⣬ҶôҲû뵽ͷյѨһָͷƿնȵҶӦʱ򣬾Ѿĳλá
򱻴һҶԼеŭͻȻ֮ƽͷҲøǻŭ𣬾ȻʧӰ١
١Ǵ򣿡Ҷָ֮󣬷ǲȥЩ嶯ˣֻǶͷûʲôɫ
ʲôһͷǲǫ飬˵ͷ
ҵô¶о˸һҶһֱۣܵһЩ仯ͷʵ
ඥԴһַţڵĹඥͬͷᵽ¶ԵЩԵãȻǰҲ˵ʵôû˹ඥɹǵһɹƷ
ƷҶĥĥЩ޺޵˵
ʱʶĳλȥǣֻдӶȥνʥ٤˵˵ĶٶʱѱյʵʵִϰҪ˷һϰͱһԪͨŵͨǿͷûԹԵؽ͵ҲţмӳʦйඥʽʱܹΪͽܿѧܷˣϣڹඥʱܹԻȨΪֻҪ˶ʱʶ壬ȥ磬
ʲôϵҶ֮󣬾ͷЩ߶߶ģ㷴ʵ
Ȼйϵˡͷһ۵ҵƷ
Ҷʱͷȷʵе̫ΪˣȷʵԼ϶Ǵ򲻹ģԸƾǳδعãҲֵܴشڴڣԼĶԺ䣬Ĵȼλ쵼˶ҪǿһЩ
ҶҲֻӦѣûбҪġ
ڽ飬ҶҲҪһЩô¶
㲻ҪǵܹҲǵõҵָġͷҶƺЩ˵
ȻҶ仰֮󣬾Щˡ
ܹĪ˼ңҶЩʵ
ͷ˵ͷɫ糣Ա߶ŵлȴЩı飬Ȼ¶Ǽٵġ
˵Ҷ˵Ļôܹ϶еһλǺģҶȷʵҲܹĸˡ
ڴ˵ӡУһλĶŵİʽͬڽ˳ᢣԵְԱ
ֵǣǰڵεľ²ίǣ쵼ؿƣרųͼԵģܲξ鲿ǰɣЩɶǺպŸɵ¡
͹ԺѡΪԺÿ˯߶ĸСʱһСʱʮСʱۣȻʢޱߣľǴףųơ񡱵ĳµͶأˡ
˻ɣжصؾ˫ȫҲǴ˵еָ֡
ҶЩ棬ͷ˵ܹѧʦŴԪױȼĺڵʱУº滢𾩽ռΪʦռǰʦİ˴֮һº֣ʮͷһλ
Ҷˣʱһͷĺߣ˵Ȼʦء
ͷôһ˵Ҷʱ֪ˣԭܹϿѧУͶʱѧҲŨȤʱڽſݣܹݺΪʦϰѧԣܹ⼮֣ҲԪһ̨Ķʿġ
˵ܹѧԨԴһֶָʦү
ڻҿУܹξУβΣƸΪҵϯ̹٣ʦͽٶط꣬ϲ⣬ⲻ໥дգʱ书죬ѳΪĩߴָ֮һ;ԪܹٶѧգʱβεܹҲʮ𾴣ѧò˵ĵ
˵п˵ܹ־ߣıԶǣҽǿȴˡ
νʦͽôѧԨԴܹǷǳˣǸ棬ԺܸߣΪϵ߳Ƶָֻ֣һز¶ˡ
ܹ齨ؿƣؿƷΪơ鱨ơжơͨĸƣؿƵĻǱ֤쵼İȫռ鱨ѹͽӪȱͬ־̨ܵؿܹѧϰϣܹԽαԼ˵Ļûзḻľ飬ûиǿ书ôᵣؿƵνʦأͷһڲ裬˵жƣ׳ƴ򹷶ӣǲԻ
ڿصжӣҶŵģ˵֧飬Ҫǳͽ׶ն쵼ħצԱҪɵǿ׳ոǿĸɣʶȺ䱸ǹըѧᵯȡ
ʱܹǿϵʦְʵеָֽɫָܲжȱͬ־ѹͽ񣬻ڳ飬Ⱥ󴦾񼫵ͽͷӶˣڵڵⶼպա
ֻǽܹ֮æЩ鵹ǲˣԴҲû뵽Ȼңز¶ĸ֡
ܹҲǱ˽̵ģѵ˵˼ҲзݶҶͷ˵ôһͨɵöʵ
˿ͷͣȻ͸ҲΪҵʦϾȷµĻôͷҲһ꿪˵ˣôأ
ͷʱЦЩԵõضҶ˵ʲôܵģܹĻڹӣҰġ
Ҷʱͷ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣҲ·ͷⶼǶǰˣжͣҶһ䣬Ϲˣ
ܹҵļ֮һͷһԼĺ룬Щп˵ҵôСҽӦǶˣ
ʵлһԹػشʦ˼1870ģѾһٶʮˡ
١Ҷʱˣġ
ͷȻôţƣܹļӣѾһٶʮˣ
ҶĵԼ⣬ȷԼǷڻþ֮С


334 ʦҪ
ۣ
Ҷ˵ˡ
ô˵纣սʱ˼ҶöǹˣҶ༥
Ļǹģ˼˵˼ҪôµĻѣΪʲôͦأȻ˵纣սڴҶֻһζʷǶһѾʮΪ˵ӦĴ¼ɣ
Ȼͷüͷ
Ҷ٣˵Ա߶лЩ˵
л˵ʱ飬ʵҲǱȽϸӵġ
һҪάʦϣһҶҲһĪ飬Ըڴʦǰ͸еЩΪѡ
ΪСʦļӣлĵλǱȽϸߵģȻ˵ôʦѾָǵ似Ϊļ֮һл񣬻ǵõ˲ٺôģڴʦǷĵġ
ʦ˰ֵͳ֮£ֻʶ֮ʿôΪ²ЧʱɽʦϰڹδСɣȻܳɽˡ
ǿսʱ˼ҶЩ˵˼
սʱѾʮˣָս𣿡ͷЦʱҸѣںѵԱ󵶶ӾѵģӵԴӦǼӲս˰ɣ
ô˵ĻࡣҶͷʾУ֮أ
֮ãսֹҾȥŷͷشֱʮڣӦܹ֮룬ص˹ڣڣһֱ˽졣
Ҷ֮󣬰ָͷһ£ʮڵĻͷѾӽˣʱŷԶصڣȻţ
ͷ˵һ仰Ҷеһֱʵˡ
ʵѧݶԣƫڵţһë¶ΪҲ˶ˣָҺ£ͷʵ
Ҷͷ˵е
ʵϣҶĿͷеơ
Ҳнģ£˵ľĶͷԼ򵥵ģں˳ᢶҫģȴǴˡ
ç˻˻ˣ
ҶҲ뷨ںܶʱǱΪΪ뷨ģҲ˺ܶʵº£ȷ˵и뷨зչطõ뷨д̰ܳٵ뷨
ǣЩѾΣȫĻͻӦͻƷɵĵߣͻƵµĵߣҲҪȷԼһ˵ȫǺʵġ
ԣҶͷԼһ·ˣû˵ѡ
˵˵ǵɡͷܸҶܹԼĳϵ̬ȴһ£Ҷ˵ʵ㴫²ʲôģǳѣҪһ㣬㲻Ҫȥ˹ѰǸܵĺ׻𣿡
Ҷˣʱлһۣ־òԾ
лǲ֪ģҲܰϢݸͷͷӦǴõϢ
ԼӡУûм֪ԼҪȥѰ׻飬ҲǼгί˽ĻͷϢԴӦþڼλгίˡ
Ҷת뵽һ⣬ͷ˼˵ҶүӶĴڣжŶѣôϢͷľֻһλˣͬ־
Ϊһ׳ͬ־ӦǺ֪ͷĴڵġ
ǽͬ־˵ģҶʵ
ͷЦſ˿Ҷ˵ͷֻһ֪ҵĴڣ˼ʹ֪ˣҲܸҽӴǹء
Ȼˣͷ˵أָڸ߲ԣ˵лȻǲڵģҲǼٵģлģܹξǾֵܶӸܶӳְ񣬾Ϊͷϻһع⻷Ϊӳɡ
ðɣ˼ҵҪЩʲôҶżɽʵ
һε飬ҶĥˣͷӴûʲôڸоԼ֮У֮еǹůҲȵͣвͣѭš
ҶɻɣⶫνʲôһԴȪͷְܹˮˮտһ
ԣҶԼûгԿٸͷҪԭ
ҪǸܵĺ׻أҲ֤һ顣ͷҲֱӵظҶ
ʲô飿Ҷܺʵͷʲôϵ
ŷʱ˵һִԡͷҶ˵˵ڱ󺣵棬һؼƻžܡ˴֮йҵ͹ϣԼзӣһЩڵࡣ
Ŷ˼Ҳ˵Ҷ֮󣬾еˡ
һֱΪֻԼ֪ģû뵽ͷ֪¶
ҶõϣӦȫֱӵģǷݶļмţضУзͼ֮⣬ͬʱܷҳ͵ѺϽǱͧ쵼˵ĵ׼˴սʱؿкսĸǱǱָͧģ30ʼ͸Ӫеѧҡʦȸ˲ţԼӪгĶͯĨ֤ݣȫսиƼо޸߾ȼƷʳԲνǱͧ䣬ǱֻҳյǱͧг쵼˱ϵͳԱ׼ٴθˡ
õϵĿʼҶʵǱбȽϻɵ̬ȵģǾô֮󣬾˶˵֤Ҷɲòʵˡ
׻شڵĿǺܴġ
һϿ԰ȷʵڵġͷҶ˵һܹȷһ㣬׻֮Уǻڣ
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱеЩȻû뵽ͷȻôһϢʵ˸еǳ𾪡
ͷ˵Ҽ֮ǰʦ˵һ飬һָ͢ԿԶĮĵطȥɳҲ˵һ飬ն෴ڼ䣬ܶ໪ҲϽ˼Ӫ
飿Ҷ֮Щɣʱϣո̫˵ļӪǽ˵ˣû뵽նҲͬ飬һԻˡ
е˳ˣ֪ն̸ʲôڽЩ˸ȫͷ˵ţǾȫʧˣûһۼ
Ҷ˵ͷϢҶү˵ϢȽϽӽӦǿŵġ
ЩˣҹƣǸܵĺ׻֮Сͷ֣صضҶ˵ԣҪȥҵǸأǵǰǴ
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱһε飬ԶԼƵҪѶˡ


335 
ʮйȻҲǺҪͷ
ҹɫҶȻ£һʫ
񾩳ǵգܹܣϾûʮʮô࣬Ǿǵĳ⳵Ҳôܶ࣬õúܡ
ԣȾҲҪСֻܶ࣬ÿ괺ʱ򣬴ĮɳѾǷǳˡ
Ϊ˽⣬ѾֹһβùɳĮĹҲһЩɳֵĹϣܹӸϸı״
ԣⷽĹһЩЧλǷǳԡ
ȻˣĲһɵģôҲһܹ쵽ġ
ոһ꣬ܺãȺ貣ӶܹúǷǳѵˡ
ֵµѮǵеҶվԺ棬գȴһҲûиекβʣƺϣڷı仯
Ҷһ̩֪ͨͷһָͷԼĺô
ֻҶͷĸоҲ൱ӵģ˵ϺãҲ˵ϲãδҲ޴׽ֻ˵ϲǲΰ롣
ϾͷϢҶʶһ㣬Ǹܵĺ׻֮УпѾһֱȽϸ߶˵ĳ̶ȣǲöԸˡ
Ȼ˵ҶƿصָǾܼܲЧͺ˵
Ϊһ뺣װ͵ĺ׻أǸʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪˭ҲһжҪԼȥ
ش󣬷أǰ;δһ
ҶԼܽһ´ȥ̣óôľ仰
鲻Ȼʫء
һҶûͷ֪˾ԱŮ嵤˵
Լҹһҹδ飬סڴ棬嵤÷ǳġ
ҶҴլһסȻ˵ʿʲôİأиܵİʩ嵤ǾЩ̤ʵ϶û˯ãһֱڲ
ǵϣȴе˯ˣԿҶǣҲ˳ǡҶľʫ
ʲôʫôû嵤ʵ
Ҿˣ˵ǻǼ顣Ҷش
Σ֪Ǿʲô¾ˡ嵤ʾ
ǾͳȥһߣҸ㽲¡ҶЦ
ð嵤ȻûзԣҶе档
˾˳ȥ
ſڵʿǳ̾һ
Ҷһعֵݸǡ
ǹϵȽ죬ʿҲûƴǣֻǵлˡ
ʵִԺعʲôȱˣõʱܻõһЩرҲһ㣬˵ĶԲգҲǹ֮һ
ڵɫ·棬Ӱϵóġ
Ƴʱɣиʿ̡Ҷ룬ͽ
ɵĵʿ̣˺ϵһ
ʱֵĩѺůͣ·ߵЩԣһᣬ̾ڴЪϢ
£һλźɫ£ɫԵ¬
û˶೤ʱ䣬¬Ϥ
˹ϯ̸˵أЦֹ
ЦУ¬ȻͷȥԼ¾ɵ´ͬʱ̾Ϣ
¬̾Ϣ̵ĺ棬Ǿʵ¬彡׳Һ̸ܽΪܿΪʲô̾Ϣأ
¬˵Ӧýٻ󡣿ȴһ޳ɡ
̾úЦ˵ˣһͷֻҪ˯һһйͶܵõ
¬ţнӹͷȥ˯ʱԺһĵˣס
¬УֻͷһȺܴţ߾Ҳһ硣
ͷ棬Ȣش֮ŮʮֽޣҼзǳУܺһݼױ¬ҸҶ˵¬ȥӦԣ˽ʿμ϶ξμʷϲɷʹʷɣǨʷ򡭡ڼ䣬ɱУߵͰѹҵ˳Ϊࡣ
ȻٻоͷͻȻ⵽˼鳼ļɺޣ˴ʵ죬ƽ˷Ϊӣ¬Ҳ壬ʤͥˣһֱ˰ʮ꣬޼ա
е¬۾һԼᣬԣ˵һ׷Ʈζ
嵤񣬵ȵҶˣ̾˿ǰѧʱ򣬺ֻһ仰һ־֡
ǺǣΣҶ˵仰ʱʵ뵽Լ顣
Ȼ˶ʮʵʱĽƣҲظеЩİˣȻЩȻԺμţܾһֺõĸоƺֻԼƾ룬ʵľ
ĸоʴӣ֪ԼӦ׷ѰһֽŲȥ滮δ
һ˸ʦĽ֮Ҷֶ˺ܶĶ̣ϣЩ֪Դϣÿ˾˷ḻʵ̡
ȻˣҶҲһֵ˸У˵Ϊʲô
Ż뵽˹ڻεʫȤ嵤ǸϹ£ŵµ·˳һֱȥ
ǰʱǾԲġ
ɫȮˣ贼ƣӦΪһģ
⼸죬ǺƵģ㽲£ȻЩˡ嵤·ߵӲݣȻЩпضҶ˵Ϊ˸ԭ򣬸ֱŤʵǺĵ飬ھ룬ȴ֣ʵҶǸ˵ĸ飬ֻЩͶѡһЦҸ߳񣬿Ļ׶ŸȥģпܻԼһǰŵˡ
޳ʱ̱һƽģԼкôġҶʾ
Ҳû뵽˾Աŵߵһ鷳ȴΪԼһ£ͻȻʣھڲʵʵĸˣе⡣
ҲãǲԼΪ˵ˣ嵤İԼµĻҲһϾ˾Աû˵ѣ嵤ڽȷʵй֮һҶո˽ⲢȷϹġ
ҶɴŮˡ嵤ȻҶǸܺõ߶󣬾ͶЩԹ˵˵ʲôʱˣذԼ޳ȥأ
ҶʱеЩЦ¶Ҳ֣ЩŴӵܣ·ǱȽ鷳ΪŮӣܹõҸģȷʵҲ࣬ѹ嵤еǳˡ
Ҫ֪ƯŮǣ浱ҪˣԲŻôĿɺͻŮǡ
ʱ·߶һֻ˹۰Ͱ͵ؿˡ
Ҷһֻ˹˵Сѣ˵˵λһ
ֻ˹ЩɵؿҶֿ˿嵤ƺǿһȻŽе


336 ȥCIɣ
ûϡҶټҶʱһơ
ϻҪôͻˣǿ϶ͲֶˡҶο
ԹӤҲ׶ҶҶ̾˿
Ҷ˿Ҷͷּ첻ҶٵüͷһЩ˿Ķͷ棬Ȼһ˿ƣΪ˴³ͷ
飬һԵɡϣҶҲûʲôõĽ顣
ϵõ⣬ʵÿ˶ǷǳӵģҶִУȻ껹ûãǺͷʹġ
˵ģڴҶӽʹĸڴΪģҶЩǱһֱھǴţ߶Ĺ˾Ҫҵָһֱһؼȥ
湫˾ԽԽˣһҲǺܶ࣬Ҵ˽˹ҵרķչֹ˾ļӰӾ硣ҶԼķչƻҲϣҶܹṩһЩȽпϵĽ顣
ҶеʱһʼǴӹҵ򿪾ģ⣬ҵչ
ҵѾԶԶ˹ҵ񣬶ҽгС˾ҲԽԽˣأټҶ˼زڹҵˣԹ˾ĹҵҲڽ£Ҷ˸ɴཫҵ˦뷨רҵ
һζʱ棬ҶӰӾ˱ȽŨȤļӰӾ磬һˮж
Ҷһ£ΪҶӰӾ淢չҲ޲ɡ
ҶҶƽڴԭ򣬶һҵǱȽϤģҶĸѻְʵϹһҵҲ쵼ģԷչⷽҵǷǳģҪõ̫˵顣
ҶӰӾڹҲһٷչʱڣԿǽˡ
ҶҶʹ˷ͳĹҵ񣬲Ƿǳǵѡ
ҶδĹڹҵķչԶӰӾǰҪö࣬Ҷҵĵ̣ʵ᱾ĩֵᳫ
ҿҵ˳ҶرʾԼ
ҶҶڹҵϣҲ˺ܴģڵĹģǲ׵һ飬ͻȻҪҵȷʵ̫ϧˡ
ΪڹҵĻƽʱڣҪˡ
ʵϣҵڹڵķչ˵ǱȽϿġ
ԺżƻõǿҵȨɥʧζŹгᣬĸĿʼʹҵ񼸺ȫֻͣͣʣϷ͵ӰĻ棬̹ڴ½ʧ
ĸ￪ź󣬰ŰʮƷгḶ́ڵĹ̹Ѹٻָչ
ڹҵָ֮Ĺ涼Ϲ棬ҵ˳ľӪȨ֮󣬶ϢĲһҵѾʼȲѰһЩҵʼֹԿãпʼڱֽ㲥档
ʱ򣬹ҵһ鱨һľݣֽҲԿһȻһִ񻰡
ڹָڣҵʶõʱǲȡĹ淽ʽǳ򵥣ӳŵе˵ʽĹʽû̫ഴ⣬˹ڹ淢չ㡣
ھ˶ĹͳͳԺҵһгûǡ˭ģʲôϾͨϢ
ŹʹĽҰڵĹҲڼ򵥵Ĺ뷢ˣ1985Ժ󣬹ڵĹ湫˾ǰһ󲽣ʼһԴΪģΪͻṩȫλķչ׶Ρ
ʮ󣬺ʹ湫˾ʼ֣ʽҵչϣʹñ湫˾ĹҵӰ죬ڵĹҵҲ˿ǰٵĽ׶ΣУ߻⡢ҵϵõ˹淶
ǰʱΪ˲ʡ̨ת֮Ĺ棬ŵÿ£һӳʣÿһӹѡʱӡ󽱣ɹ粿佱ҲǺĹǹ⽱ӳÿһ߲Ĺѵʡ̨缸ġϿءĹ潻ǴģЩֵζζ뷨ӦҪȫĹҵˮƽ
ǰЩʱ򣬲ƷӦԹ湫˾Ƚϼ򵥣ֻƷˣһⲿ˵Ӱӣƽ棬ýȣԲƷλƷƵĳȿǵñȽ٣ҵ˵Ǳ۾ͰǮ׬ˡҶҶ˵ڲͬˣ湫˾ĻƲ񵥵Ѹ飬ĥһʱ󣬷׷۳ԼĹ湫˾ԵأҴҵͣˣרӰҵ
Ҷ˵ͷʾ⣬֪ЩС湫˾һ㶼ĸ˾ѧ֪ʶҲԹýΪǣ浽ҵԡС˾ʵޣܳһУԷ׷ӰӡӡˢȣԼֻĵһ飬ý
ڴҵģʽȽͬΪ룬Ҿƴȴ⣬ȻӿֳӪ漰߻˾Ҳʹг쳣пᣬҶ˷ҵĴ㣬ҪҪͶ뵽׬Ǯҵȥ
һҲأڹҵĽ죬ҵԹ湫˾ѾһЩƺ͹棬ҪߵĲָǹڵĹ湫˾ⷽ첻㣬ԵЩˡ
¿Ƽ԰ĿǰʮλĹ湫˾׷׽פУǴȽĹƷģʽԼЩҵĿһ£Ժܶзչǰ;Ĵҵ4Aȥˣ⵼˹ڵĹ湫˾Ϊס
ԽǱʴ˾ѹԽӭѶϡҶԼ
϶֧֧жǲ֪ôˡҶʱ˼ͲϣԸɴƸҶ
˵ϡҶ۾һ
ǷƽʱǿԸҶ취ѹҵȥģ²ȥ˹£Կ϶ûʱġ
ҶҲԸҶҵһ֮󣬾뵽һ飬ǱҶ˵иҵ񣬿һˣɹۣҲ԰ǹ˾ĹȤ𣿡
ʲôҵ񣿡ҶȻȤȻҶ˵ɹۣô϶иͷģҶʱҪҵ뷨ҪҶĽ顣
ҶĸоУֻҪ϶ֵ飬ƺûһǴģҶǮ׬Ǯ죬Ҳѹֻ˷ҵ뷨ǰĻǺľġ
ҵĻȥCIɣһ׬ǮĿҶһϣҶ˵


337 п
CIʲôȻҶĻش𲻳ҶԤϡ
λ磬⼸Ѿ̫ˣȻʶʲô嶼֪Ҳܹһ淴ӳΪʲôҪ׵ҵһˡ
CI˵Կҵ󡣡ҶҶ˵
ŶҪҵƣְʲôݣҶʵ
ǸݿɾͶˡҶش
CIνҵӾʶϵͳCIƣйҵӾʶƣҵơ־׼塢ɫʡͼȷơ
һΪCIԴڱͳŷޣĿǰϣǵ¹AEG˾İù˾ڼ20ʦAEGĸƳɱ־ҽͳһż㡢ŷԼֲƷ棬ͬһʶԡ
Ȼˣ֮ǰƱݡӷΡڽ̻ҵƵϵлͬһӡ
30Ӣ׶صĵУΪܿ˵ĳнͨϵͳ̵ӡ󣬵ʦƣͳһʽ淶ֶĿ糵վվơƱϵкȡ
ͳһʽڲͬһٳ֣ӡȡõӾЧ
ս֮ŷ޵ľؽգҲӭǰδеõľ÷չCIŷҴҵĽõѸٷչ
ڴڼ䣬û˾IBMһֱΪڳɹCIĵ䷶
˵50ڣIBM˾Ķ³ѯʹ˾ƹʣ˾ԼĿغʹЧشʿҶҶ˵λ˵Ӧ͸һIBMŵص㣬ʹ˾ͳһIBMĸµı־Կݡּҵ±־Ϊͳ˧ͳһƣ˶Ŀһ¡ҵͬʱIBMһĸΪɫˡ
ʵϣIBMĳɹȽҵֵCIƵС
ⶫʲôϵҶʵ
ϵܴĹ湫˾ҪȴCIһ׬ǮĻᣬҲһĹ˾ĹҵĺûᡣҶʾ
ʵϣҶҵıʽӡ̣رCIҵ׼ƣ͡ȻֻǼ򵥵ĺɫͻɫϣǷÿߵֻҪϣǾͻͣͺζĳ̶ֳϽʦĹ͡
CI׼ƲһҵװޣһڵĻһı֤һֱ׼רҵı־ҵķչ˵òСҶ˵ڵĺܶҵûʶһ㣬ڹѾչ˼ʮCI룬ڹѹûһ
˵飬ҶҲдģǰһھǵĴСش˼ۣͷֹڵǷȱ׼Ӫҵ廨ţͱʶȻͬûͳһԣһҵĸо
ΪҪһ㣬Ĺͬжǣûʶһгհס
Ҷظоһ̻лȥץסҪ죬׼ûˡ
ܸӣҪôҶҶȤ
ԲοӺܶ࣬ȫǿCIƣ󲿷ֶǺнġҶʾʵ˵üһ޷ǾǸеӪҵһͳһ鹶ѣô˵ܹɣ
⣬⡣˵ȥеоˡҶͷЦ
ȫհģʽˣһĵ飬ݵĽдԱ档˵һ׼ǶǮССеĵ飬ƽһ鹴ҪǮ۸Ҳһͷǳ׼ȷΪ˸ͻһθУѭһ˵ԭͻŻ±ȽϿ׶򵥵ܶǲеģ˾ܶǮҶһ߶ĥţһ߶˵ԼᣬȻҵ־ڸʮ˵Ӧᳵ·ɣ
Ҷ˵˳ֻһ֧ʳֽϸҶ򵥵ػһʾͼае鹸ʶӢȵȣȥһĿȻ
ֶҪʹʲôĲʲֳܹҶ̾ʵ˹ؼ⣬ΪȻܹЩǱȽҪ顣
ܰͿˣֲϹڻûУϣһһۣƴӣܵķظơҶش¶ԸǱ߶ϵһ£˳㻹õܰĴȨԺⶫᱻʹõģ֮Ҳ˳㽨ͶʣܰⶼǮ
ֵһԡҶҶĻ֮󣬾ЩԾԾվȦȻҶ˵϶ȻˣҰѽ迪еCIҵɣ˵Ӧòǰɣ
Ҷ˶ʱЦˡ
ֹǲѣֱ練ƣֻǹȻôȥ׬׼˵ǮƺЩˣҲᱻСԹҶŲֵ᷸͵ȵĴ
迪еҵǲǲҪñȽϺõľ飬ûǴпʼ
ΪʲôҪѡƹҵҶҲֱӵģΪڸصķ֧ģ˵ڵУȫؾгһǧӪҵ㣬Ƕôһģ
һҵĻ漰Ӫ־ʮ˵ˣеĴӦܹҡ
ҶԼ׼˿һ̵ڵĻȻҲʲô¶Ͽ϶ǹȥģԼñȽ϶ˣ׬˭ǮУҪ׬˵ǮôһŪĻҶϳǰ̧ͷˡ
ȴӱĻһɹĵ䷶ȥϵ迪Ч£ʾͲͬˡ
ԣҶͽˣҽȴпʼ𡣡
ҲСҶͷû˵ʲôĻ
ҶҪõһҵĻʲôֻվڴҵĽǶһиߵĳҪߵģʡԱɶҶҲĿʵ
Ҷ֮Իѡ飬ҪΪǹ󡢹ʻζǿУCIҪԱȻǸ˽һЩΣҶ˵ĸʢʦ˳CI׼ƣδƹ㡣
˵ҵ׼ƷдĶҶĻᡣ
Ҷ˵ʵӣ޷Ǿһ˵LOGOװþˣȻˣҪһǧ鹣ȻҲǼ򵥵飬Ƶúúõˡ
ǺãпˣҶҶĴģʽͼѾ׶ˣҲɵһҪһĳ嶯


338 Ӳһ
Ҳһ㰡㽨ܰߵĻ֪ӦýɣҶȻҶ˵
Ҷһ£ת˲ͷӦˣЦ˵¶˵𣿵Ȼǽĵ̶ˣô϶ӵʲôġ
ʵҶ뷨Ѿ˵ҲҶƵ飬ҪʥһܸͲأСҲʾҪѳﱸеVCDӰأʥ
ټ極ĻϻҲҪʥҶﾡûʲô飬Ѿļҹģϴҵ׼פˣҲѹŲæֲֻʵ飬Ϊ⿿ļҷչѸٵҵ֧ţʥľþͻһֱըʽĿԵˡ
ʵҲǻݵģΪʥ߷ŻݣפҵǼΪģ⵱ȻܵҵĻӭ
ʵϣ¼ҵ϶Ҫͨط˵ģһҵҪȥҲ·ģʡһأô׹ȥ
Ҷȵǰ˹ʱζʱ棬ҶѾʼннӴˡ
еĳӴ˫ǻкøУҶṩҶ˼·з뷨ǲıϡƾҶĹ湫˾ԼҶҳƣټзȷʵҲʶCI׼⣬з΢Ӵһ£ʹӦҶҪ
ǶҶʵз滹ЩǵģϾѾһǧӪҵ㣬ģ൱󡣶ҶĹ˾ǷⷽҵҲǱȽйǡ
ҶҵӵȻҪģҲҪģֻҶǷܹ飬ȷʵġ
ҶҲԼ׼óԼƷеı־ȫĳɺ֣꣬׵ףΪƹҵ׼Ӿ׼ÿ׼ͬʱз汣֤ԼѾͶʽԭϵƼӹ棬ȫûκ⡣
˵ԼȻǲʵģΪҪһʱڣԵһĿҶǴǱ߶ڵԭϣܰʲôģȫǽڻ
ڼӹ棬ûôˣҶĹ湫˾жˣЩ˶ӹҲ޷ôĹֻаĿŵ𴦣ȥѰԼõֳɼӹ
ҪڶʱпԼӲʵֻǽˡ
ҶæѰҺʵĲϹ˾Ϊ˷ӹ䣬ϷһһĹ湫˾ʵûκιϵ
ΪȡǵļˣҶֱӵҵ˵طϰ壬ž˵Լݺ⣬˵һܴ⣬ǱΪҶϹ湫˾µϷֹ˾ͱֹ˾
տʼʱϰ廹ԥ
ΪҶ̫ǿˣҶҵӰôôͿǵС˾
Ȼ֪Ǻ¶ǻ¶ϰ嶼֪¶϶Ƕ㲻ȥģ˼̫ү
ҶҲ۸˵ˣ¾ڿ׬Ǯ
ϰ˵һ׬һٶҶֱӾ˵һ׬һǧ
ôһͳˣϾҶҵӻ죬ȻҪԼǿˣʲôҲ°ڲƽ
ǲõϢҲеģǴľ鲿Ǳ߶
ѮӶ˹ĺǱͧӣѾһḷ́ۿͽϺˣҶҲ׼ȥ˹Ȼ̽ܺ׻ص顣
Ҷʱûھ鲿ȥһˮϷׯ
ˮϷׯԽԽˣһΪ׬ǮˣһԭԽԽˣˮϱȽˬԴȽ϶ࡣ
ҶԵشһ£;Ȼˮ˼ҿһЩԼص㣬Ƿ˵ζҪʤһ˵ҵģȻǿȴҲׯǾҪѷ˵ȥĻͷ͡
˲ֶ˹ĸ˹˺ˡҶ˵
ô죿ҶԴȷʵеЩ㵡
ӡУŶ˹˺ŲȤģû뵽ھѾʼ˹˺źĸˣҶһ⧲ĸо
Ҳˣƻõ飬ͻȻ⣬ǴûйľҶɵöԴ²ĺƺҲʲôص顣
ǣԵ޹ʵģͷı仯ܲҶ߾衣
ʲôԭʹú涯ͷҶѯʵ
˵ܿίڲ˸˹нӴƺʶذϢй¶ˣԺ˶˹˺źĸŨȤҲ˹Ƶ飬ҪչҺĸҶ˵жϣǾίģӦϳ¼ҵĳڶֽš
϶Ҷ֮ͷޡ
ϳ¼治ԼûʹˮͰˣǿֵ㼶쵼˵ϣԸϾɱģڳѾˣʣһ䣬ǸԼŸɿˣβҶе
¶Ҳ˵Ǳ߶ǿԺֱ׳رʾ˵ҲΪ˺룬Ÿ˹˽нӴģ˵йܣҲпǶԱɵģϾڶ˹ǳңʲô鶼ó˵
ʱ˭ΣѾˣϾѾ˳ȥҶչƻԤĺ
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ת˺üȦ˵İ취ҪʰһѾȥʵǺܼ򵥵ģҪĶֻҪļ̳˸Ū壬㹻żϻˣʱû׼һˡ
ҶĿ꣬Ȼͷϳ¼ҵĶӵܵϡ
ϳ¼ҵĶҪβĸγ½нܲı鱨½²һλ齨õĿٷӦӵĳ½ƽ˾λнζǾϵڵҪʵȨ
ֻһεĽ֮У½Ϊ̨죬Ѿûϣˣ½ƽҲΪһЩ飬ְ߳˾ӣûϣϳ¼Ҿʣ˳½ һˣνǶľ֧
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췢飬Ǹټһ۵ѣ߲㶼棬ֲɳӽȥģ
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ڶҶүӣڴеʱ򣬾顣
㲻ܶ䡣ҶүӷǳȷرʾԼ̬ȣϳȻۣ˼Ϳ£ʷϻй͵ġ
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ˣȥˣӻزõģͿȻЩͿ£ãһЩΥ˳Ե飬ҲģȻɱ˷ŻĴ£ܷŹͷŹɡҶү˵⻰ʱһֲɣ̬
Ҷ֮Щһ㣬ҶүҲǿʮˣҪΪ˹Ҵ¶͡
ðɣ˼ҵķݶϣҲƽϾˡҶ˵ͷϳ¼Ժ󻹱䱾ضԸңҿɾͲˡ
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Ҫ˵һǰҶƽ߳ԵĪ˹Ʒ֮٣ôҶΪƸΪ꣬ƣһٽҶƽ̳ǻ㾦֮ˡ
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лΪʦļӣлĹǼΪɫģΪҶİԱġ
ֻҶԴҲеЩգʥǱ߶ûл򣬵ίǻ˵һˣҶеЩģЩǣЩģҲûʲôĺð취
һ㵹ǿȷģԼͷϵ⼸ĿѾʼ仧ʥˣ⼸صҵһ仧ôʥķչûܹƵסˡ
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ģһβûڶ˹߶µĹʵðһյģƵظҶӴĻѱᱻ˹鱨Ÿ֡
Ȼ˵˹鱨Ѿܸ֮ǰĿ˸ˣлһЩӢЩһܹת֮󣬶˵вǺܴģǶڸ鱨ͬжǡ
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ʵڵĺնĺк֮ܶͬϤҲ㣬˵嵤רоⷽмңǶǱ֮ͧĶ൱̶ȵ衣
ֵһģҶĪ˹ƽ⣬˺ں˾÷庣Ͻ
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飬Ӧ˽ɣ÷庣Ͻʾɡ
зöҵ˻沦ȻˡҶȻ˵еԵɡ
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ҼҺܿҪͬʱӵλ½ϽˡҶܻرʾ
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ʲôԭ򣿡÷庣Ͻʵ
ҵĿšҶ˵ԼʵĿġ
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ȻпܡҶ֣رʾǺںӣǹŵΨһӣҲӵеΨһװ˵ǶҲΪģڵ£ֻҪ֧ٵķãͿ԰Ÿߣ˭Ҳסġ
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ںûġҶ˵ڿ߶ҶˣѾҵģֻҪЭϺͲ⡣
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ںҲˣڶ˹˵ںӵзǳҪʷμֵ¼ֵ󽵡
ںǰԼҪĺ֮һǱԼŲӵĶ֡
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1952뱱Լ֯˹³˹Ͽƣɴ˺ںӵսԼֵҲͬ͡ʱӻú䱸ҲԺںӻ˸սԼֵ
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Ҳڶսʱ򣬵¹ľأҲںӲ࣬ǱͧҪԽϿʱҲžһΣա
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ˣЩŵض÷庣Ͻ˵
ʲôͷ֮󣬶ʱվ
ںӴڵڲìܻǺģǰʱ򣬴ҶΪЧìȻڣûֵ̫ԣҽӵԴʹҲûκε𣬸֮ĹٱദȽǢ
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ڶ˹ڿûоͺںӵЭ飬Ŀ϶ĳ̣ҪںӷΪ˹ںӺڿ֧
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÷庣ϽϯҲûжʣҴҵظˡ
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ΪĻҾ£ѵõ˹ڿϿɣ˾ְҲã̵˵ԺϵǮûУǾͱȽϱˡ
СҲҶע⵽һ⣬ڶ˹ڿںںӵᣬѾȻˡ
ںӵսԵλʮҪҲǳͻ
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Զս֧Ԯ㡣˹ıӡ޵ĺӡںӺ̫ƽ󽢶ڵλϸԶһƬǧʹ4Ӳڻָ12˴˼ĺϵҪĺϺߡ
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󣬺ںӳΪ˹ڿҪĿ꣬Ҳܶࡣ
һսԺ⡣ڿţսԺָװרսԺսˣûսԺĺںӲսԲӣ͸ñڿĶС˹ΪսԺ˵ۺõ沿ӡվĳսȶԾٵܺںӵȷûսԺǵĿսսսԾҪɲ֡
ǽӻ⡣ڿҪָ90ĺںӡڿȷս91ƽڿսԱ9ͧ22ֶε17սԾӡ˹ֻͬýս2022ڿͬЭڿ
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ҶõϢ;Ҳٷųˣðŵ򽫾Ǳ߶ͰϢݹˡ
Ī˹ƣȻܹô֪ںӵ飿嵤ֳ̱֮ǳԾı顣
ðŵ򽫾ڿο˸죬µ鱨Աܶ࣬ϢԴȻҲܹ㣬ǴʱصĪ˹ƣȴҲȻӵжڿƵĺǿƿȡҶ͵
Ȼˣ滹һҪԭ򣬾ǲУڿҲܴ󣬸߲֮ĺ޼䣬Ҫںӵ飬練ơ
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ºںìܵԭʵҲܼ򵥣Ϊַӵ顣
ǰʱڣվסȻҲǰո˵зģʱںӽһסլ¥Ӿͬеġ
ΪڽӷּڼԾپͶԽӸ˾ڿˣ˾÷庣ϽЩìܣΪ˶ռⶰסլ¥پѸٽⶰ¥סס˶˹٣Ϊǰס
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ⲻǷӵ⣬˵ˣվڷݷ䷽棬ȷʵܽţӸطϵ˲ͬԼǷӣԷһǾɣǰΪ飬ھڲֳǷڲΪס˰ˡҶش
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飬ǶǺ¶ҶͻȻת˵÷庣ϽԼԽӵƿȲ֮Ȼ뵽ǣŸŪߣʡվ䣬Ҫ֪һ˹ڿ֮ЭĻ֧ӿܻµ쵼ߣǰĺϽҪ߶վˡ
Ҷ÷庣Ͻ˹ľζûлãҶǿģͷԼҲ֪֮ѡͬҶ׬Ǯ˵


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ںӵĳͻȻΪ˷ַӵС¶ֳĶȴܴ
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ʱھһδ͵ף610ϣںڿ˾ͻȻӵ԰ĵ绰ưеһںںӵľ͵״ʩͼۡ
ұٱľںںӵĸֻͣڼ䣬δڿ˸ۿڵ״ﵼϵͳתƲڴڡ
ںӵڿ˾õϢĹ㱨
ڿ߲´ϽͣڰڵĴ
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˹ˮھϵľٶŭڿ֡
ֽӵԻҪڶ϶Ըýеǽ顣
ȻڿǿеǽҪҲڿΪѶԷΪʱڿ鱨Żһɸ˵ܣԭں˾Ҫָӹһֱڴ·ǷҵϽһЩԼڿ˽
رʱκں˾칫εı˵˹ĿƷ򺣾ٽںӺڲźˮĵ鲿ŵľٴ˽ڿ鱨Щ˽Ϊص鹤Ҳѽ˺ܳʱ䡣
ںںںںΧڲᱻκη飬Ҳ˽˱ںӵĴֻۺǰʱڵĺ죬ΪǰѲڣǻⷨȨĵλ
˽ĽֻڱǺڿ֮䣬ڿ鱨յ鱨ʱϲװŴӰڲжĵ״豸һдӱ˽Ĵɰǣ׼ڿ
ڿֶԺںӽĿ˺ںӸ߲ļֻţһ鱻й¶ȥӰЩ;˺ںӵĺǣںں˾÷庣ϽĲ£ȡ˼ðյжڿ֡
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ںӵĽǣͼֹ۵Աɱۡ
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ںӵڿ˾ܹƿҵĽǴЩԴȡٴӺںһЩôȻ˵ڿ˾ıģǳ֮;ҪշָںӣĻƺʧأԼҲδؾܹԸԳسΪڿ˾
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Ҫͬʱڶ˹ڿ˫ѹ
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ЩװȥˣʵЩѱڿ͵תȫ磡ڿ˸еĺں˹˾觺Ӵ˹˾ЩǰĴ͹ҵڿǰѧԺĿѧ콢ӣܼ1600ҸͽҴ˹˾ܶӪҺߵģЩп촬Ϊӡ䱸ģЩȥˣ
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ҶЩͬؿλˣȻֻʮ꣬ǿóһںƯŹģΪһˣԼݣʹͷҲûЧҵĶ
Ϊ֧ӣҪȥУжˣ
£һϵھͿʼɣ֧ƱѾˡҶǳϿҵرʾȻѾزӦΪԼЩˡ
ðɣҶԵκˣͷһӣ¶˾ġ


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ЩϿһӣҰҶҪ󣬺ںԺԵ壬͵źĸӺں촬˳ںӵı֮ڡ
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Ȼۻֵõģһźĸִﶫ֮ķǾ޴ģʵǺһ廯̻ǰʮ꣬Ҳڹ͹սԼĺĸӡ
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һ˶˹֮У˸е˷ܺ㡣
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ڵشں֮ͬʱиɽأ羰ˣԹǶɳʵļȼ֮ҲǹŴ֮أʱҲս֮ŶΪϤ
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ӱԴﵽɳййɽ򺣣ΧźܴĻ԰ͷʰϣͨ԰Եййڲװκʾ˵ɳĳսԺɳй˹ֵŶĻ᳡
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Ҷ˶ʱ֮ԱǵǵСѧʱѧһƪģɳţѧϰɣ
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ҶͽȥһдĴǡ¼ӦǺܺҵģǺܺҵġ
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дŸǵܶҪ󽫶ŵĵصѡҶʡϲĳСĽ
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ԼŵغͼʿĶȼʤ˹ƥĶ鼮־ŵص۽Ʒɳƶȡ
ŵغ־ͬϵŮѿ³˹ģ³˹櫵ʱΪͬһﰸڷͬʱŵ룬Ҫ󽫿³˹תŵĵص飬Ҫ׼
£һþУͿ³˹櫶ߣ׻ԷֻýʦףǸΡٷʷܶʵ
ŵصۺܵͣ˸¬ġʡṩһɾӡʳƷϴͷ첹緹͵ȻǼӵģÿһͷÿԿһֱԵθڣкȲţ̣ţιĹ
19002£ҸгɼҲýʵʵص˱˵ñþͳȥŷ
18лᱨǸԼӦġпᡱľȨͷĿɳˣҶǱ˸񲪵ڣѺɳһңδŮҽȫǹ
ʷǺܾзζʱ嵤ˡ¼ɵھ̾Ϣ
ӦÿһЩҶЦŶ嵤˵ͱԷѹںӵĽŵ飬ʷд𣿡
ǲܵġ嵤ˡ¼֮һ㡣
˵ǺǺǺǡҶЦЦĿţ걻ŵس˵ֶ


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Ļ̸֮󣬶˹ͳҶպڿڴ˹ʶͺںӵĹϷ˰š
ŶЭ飬ںӱɶϽӣָͬӡ
۵⣬ǽӵĹϷ⣬ͬʱж˹ڿڵľ⣬ڶ˹ȻΪѹ£ڿͬǩþ۸˹25Э顣
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ԭ˹ϣ֧¬ģǼ¬ֵϾƣڿͳ˹ϵؾܾ飬Ԫ֧
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Ҫһ㣬÷庣Ͻƺûнܸı˼ǴʱҵȻ죬Ȼںӡ
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Ѿˣǹʵ͸ҳ˼࣬Ȼûʲô̫Ҳʾˡ
ȵע⵽߶֮źĸںںӵĻ£Ѿ˴
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ںںӵĶ˻Ƿǳעġ
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1790굽1798䣬ûкֻеһСͧΪλڱݱɺѲӣҲΪκӶСͧΪ
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ںӵ쳣ٶӡڶӺ͵߽ӵعעһ·϶˼˹ľβ棬ֱںӵĽֻ뿪ǵϽΪֹ
ҲԺںӵľٶϸΪǸֵĿԲ󣬺ܿΪìܺҪкתȥ˹Զ˹̫ƽ󽢶ӻϡ
ôһպѹԵôһЩĵ߽ҲжСӥźĸսȺ׼ƺںӵ档
󽢶ǽʢٺźĸǰսȺйע̬ķչ
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Ȼˣ˳ʢٺźСӥţ׼ֻ̣ҪʾһԼǿ׳⣬˼ǾںӲҪǴ죬Ҳǲеġ
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ȽĻʢٺźĸ϶ǻʤźĸģӽػһܹʢٺǺεȻ
һĴͺ˵ˣżȻҲܶ࣬һ㣬˲ûдںӶ֣ĻǵľǶ˹ڿˡ
˹ĺǲСģ˲ڿ뱱ԼڱԼƻǳӰҲԸڿ
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Ҷܽˡ嵤Ҷϵĵ籨֮󣬲ɵЩп˵
ʵҲûʲôֻǷصͼνҲûĿġҲԴ˿úûäĿֹۡ
ʲô˼嵤ʾЩ⡣
޷ǾҪ˼Ҷ͵һ¶ǻ㶨ˣǶǵĹʾϿɡڶ֧ӵķ⣬ƻ취ϣҼˣҪȥˡ
ί˼ȷڵջѾˣҶûбҪȥʲôܵĺ׻أôĻʵ̫󣬲ȷ̫࣬һ˲ӣҶز֧ӿ˭أ
ѿ֧ᳬһӵģþίеǳΪѡ
Ȼ˵һһ깤ĺĸ˶ʮҸͺŵȽսǶһֻӣҪѵĽǮҲ൱ģǷǳǮһ֣ϿˣᾭƸոպתһЩĹ͹
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ʵϣҶӡУһֱʮ꣬˺˼ʮ꣬ĸҲ˶Ӱʮ꣬Ȼûĸұȹ͹Ҫĸ
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ҺҰ˵Ϊĸ岻󡣡嵤Ǻ˾ԴȻҲһЩģһ˵˺ĸ֮ĵͻ粻
˵͸ǳˣкĸ˼ҶҪ㣬ûкĸĻ˼Ǹ𣿡ҶԴ֮Աǵģ֮Ҫ֧캽ĸΪȽĺĸģҪϰҲ͵һҿ϶ôĽ߲ܵģǮ˼죬СⰡ̫ǡıǾʮͰʮ壬Ǯ޻԰ûǮǮ칫¥ûǮ캽ĸ˵ûǮƨǮڳԳԺȺӭϣǮڰ칫¥ϣֻҪһĸˡڿʼɣҲҪȵǲϺõĺĸ죬Ҫʮ϶ĺĸʲôʱܸϱ˰ȻҪ죬죬ϱˡ˵ºĸΪ˵ĹĿ죬ɵˣǸɴ಻ҪˣûĿˣ񲻸ã
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348 ִٹ
ôһȺˣƨ¶ָֻˣ㲻ܸʲôǶ˵ⲻԣҲԣⲻӦãҲӦáҶ嵤˵ֵԼʲô飿
Ҷֿ嵤ԭͬġ
ǵϾУʱλʦĽڣӢΡ
ѧḻԭ򣬽Ͽεʱ򣬼ٲȡһʦùࡢҽĽһ죬¼һţһתһǩꡣ
һڿϣͻпԵǰĽģʽƺͽӱ޳⣬ӦʽΪͬʱǰڵĹʽһõĽʽеӦӦԽΪյʽһϵȽĽ
ʱ嵤ǵúҶڽڵǷǳݷģΪ˵ȷʵеҲǴҵᣬ̸ֻ֮ѧ˭⣿
ڿ嵤;λڵĽȷȽԣ˼룬Ҳٷ֮ٵ޳ɣѵõԵ塣
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ɵ뵽һվ˵ۡ
Ҷ嵤飬ЦʵУһЩˣԼƽʱʲôҲɣȴܰԱ˵ͶָֻۣţҪˣƤӴԼ˵ãԱ˵ĳɼôҲϡʵʵʵڵĻһҲɣ߾Ǹɲɡԣ˵ĻʹһĵǺеҶųҲǱȻġϾҵ۾ѩģ಻ɳȥ
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ΪҶ֣ݺݵشϳ¼ҵ棬ҵڶӵеԱ󽫣ַϵӣŰѳ˵ĻƳʱԾڹڵ̳ϣԸĸ￪ҵ谭ء
һ䲻˵жٹˣֻµĴ󣬲ĵĻĵģԹ˺ܻӰ졣
νЧ쵼˵վԣҪ˵˻ôˡ
Ҷϳ¼ҵԹǷǳģҶүֹԳֵĻҶ͸ÿˣôܷ˽ڮҶңڮҶԼ
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ҶԥʱһϢӹڽ˹
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349 Сѣ
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˵ָʾеˣΪҶҵ쵼ģӲоֳָ½ٽʥίΣҶϵĹ⻷ɹˣ֧Ҷ߲е
Ҫ֪֮ǰҲֻٽѡ
ǣѾˡҲػӦ
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Ҳ弱ҶعҪԭ򣬱ϾȻҶΪ飬ǵҶС
ȻҶһͿʼԸ׷ˡ
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飬ӦǸйϵģҪֻеѡԴ΢һЩ͵һݱֽҶǸ۵Ǳ߶飬ȷʵүӱȽ϶ŭʵүӶŭˣλжǳŭǸӵӺܴ󰡣
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ڶĲ÷ܵİ£199279ʽε28θ۶
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ʼͱʾҪ֧õ԰ƻ½ʾ˲ͬѯʵʱĸӢƻķԤ㣬Էδṩ֣ӢҪǮӢ˸50ڸԪ
50Ԫ㹻ֳ֧һô죿ᵽ¶ʱҲǷǳջġ
Ϊ¶Ҷүͷʹϻִ󶯸λڲˡ
ԭҪΪ顭ҶЩ֮žһЩˡ
һζʷǱȽģΪڵʱڼÿ춼ҪץסһͨҲΨһһûбʵĸ۶
ҶҲǵúз£ʱӢĴ2000ԪзίԱܵش1971ڣϼ4000Ԫ
˵û4000Ԫ1998ʱͲܴУס˹ȽڴķͶٶ
ʱӢ˶Ը۵и׳н֮ƵģѹҶү˷ŭˡ
¶ǼõģӢҲкܶԴģ̸ˡҶ˵֮ĶΪȣԿ֯һģҪһӾͰöǲı֡˵۸ֵͣһСѣҪͿո۵ĵӣô𣿣
忴˿һŵҶȻҶѾ˼ķˡ


350 Ĭ
ҲǰСʱӣӺܿ͵Ҷլ
Ȼ˵ҶүӻھҽԺ棬ѾȶˣҶҲ˷ɻȥҽԺܵóʱϴһ£ʰһ£ԵȻźȥҶүӡ
ҶլУЩ
ʱҶүӲأҶ˼Ǻˡ
Ҷûгɻ飬Ȼ˵С׼δޣǱϾʲôûаأ˵ҲûȷԴӷˡ
楾ͲͬˣҶ֮ȻûкϷʵԵĹϵȴˣҶһδʵҲҪҶүǰһ⣬ҶүӼһλûֵϱҲ˽Ҷһ׮˼
Ȼ˵Ҷܸһ֣ΪһݼүӵϱҲһְο
ܹ뵽Ҷ˼Щš
ҶѾദһˣҲ֪ҶҵĵϸͻȻҪΪҶŮˣڵ¸صҶүǰ楻ǻЩͻȻЩ֣̿Щȶӳ
ҶүӰڵĶ׳ھĴ
Ҷе¡ϴ֮ЩĵضҶ˵
ʲôԼˡҶĻһİ
ϴ֮楣ϴȥһƣ޶ˡ
Ҷ˿λԼӰԶŮӣҲһָӵĸ飬Ҫ˵˵ûʲôģֻģ楸˹ϵ飬ʵҶ極ҪһЩ
νվ顱Ӧ
Ҷ֮ĸ飬ȴѾ޼ļ˳̶ȣٲǰЩ¼Ĺϵ
ǰҲûгҶүӵǰǱϾԲ˳Ҳûкʽؽ˵о͵͵ĲҼˣһΣҪҶŮݣܸҶүӣ楲Żš
Ҷүӣֳһ̬أ
һСʱҶ極˾ҽԺ
ó߶İ˺ܴν岽һʮһڣɭϣûֱ֤ͨǴ粽С
Ҷʱ򣬲ûǰ绰ԤԼſھͱסˡ
ԺԱڣʾ֤סҶ楡
үүҶЩƣȻԷְأһס
Ҷһĥ˵绰ˣתһ룬԰Լõ½ٽоֵĸֳѵԺӣ
ҶͰԼľ֤˳ݸ
ٽ֮һŵı顣
¶ȷʵеҲ޷ȷǰ˾оֵĸֳ½ٽҶǾʹ绰ȥоѯõ˿϶Ĵ֮ظҶ˸Ȼ֤ͻ
Բٽͬ־ִо½⡣ʾ
úܺáҶ˵ͷװһµģǿǵԷͶҪԼ󣬺ôˡ
楿Ҷǰǰôִʱǰѧһƪ£ƺǽΰʦĹš뵽һ£ǵĵӲϸӪϸִо͵Ƿʿ
֪ôţҶ֮ĻҲ֮ͬᵽĸпԶǻͬ龳ģһ㲢ԹŽ졣
֮ͨ󣬲Ž˰ҶүӵС¥档
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׳ãʿҶ
ͬ־ˣҶ˵ͷʾ˸л
ûдװȻܻԾ񣬵Ǹе̬ҪеģʿǻҶүӣүүݶ黹Ҫġ
˲֮󣬾ͿҶСҶ˶ڲ档
ҶҶүҶǬĳŮҶƽ˫̥ܣܾҽԺԺרңɷ޻ǲƾרңԺźĳԱڵιԺҵĲ¡
ҶҶүҶǬŮó˾ɷ׳⽻ҲǺŵһǺʺϸ⽻ˡ
ʵ˵ҶĴø޻ⲿҪ΢ѷɫһЩԣԲŻᱻҶˡ
Ҫ֪ҶҵλŮζܲģֺɫҳ˵׷ڶ࣬ѡķҲһʱ֮ѡ
СǻˣҶ񿴵Ҷ֮ü֮ɫһЩ
ãøСãС÷򡭡Ҷʺһ飬Ȼʵүү˼Σ
˵Ҳ⣬ҶүӲˣжȴ׷׻زֻҶĵϵط˻ǼŮŮΪھǹһֱߡ
˵˼䣬ҶͶҶ˵үү廹ӲʣһͻȻ⣬ãʿⷽĽ÷ӦԵõǵһηӦҲǿһЩӦòֻȻҪԺһӣϸ۲һš
ǾͺãˡҶ֮΢һЩ
ҶѪܼרңүһηľĹëҶãȻûʲô⡣
ʵΪҶүӴõҽʦڣҲҵڵĹһҽֱΪԼβģΪһΪĸڲϺҽΡ
ҶⷽרңȻ֪ôѡ
һ˻˵ҶҡҡͷĿܿ䵽ͬҶ極ϣʱ˼ʵλС㣿
Ҷ極飬ҶҲܣٳǵ׶ģҶ񿴵λòŮ֮󣬾Ͳµݡ
߰ŮˣҶҲֱӾʹġ
ǵġҶ˵ͷȻһһܣ楣ǴãøСãС÷򡣡
ֻʺһȦͣ
ʱҶү˯֮УҶȻҲܽȥ˯ߣԴҶСؽţ˳˵仰ʲôģҲǱһ¼˵ȡ
СүүǺܹĵġҶҶ˵ӣ˶еԺˣ滹߶飬˵Զں⣬¼ѡ
үү˼һĲ͹£һҲΪϵһЩ飬ŻᷢĹҶ뵽ҶүӶԼһذҲɵЩ˸
һεĺǺصģĻһҵжϺطɢţҶүǳʲô飬ҿɾҪˡ
ҺãҶүӵУҲУͦˡ
ͣһӣеӦˣƺҶݣĬȻû˵ʲôǱֳ飬ǰҶϱԴġ


351 ŵ°İɣ
°ɣүӹƻ˯һҶ˵
ĵ̶ȻҪİš
˵һõĶԳɺСõŮηү˱ҶȻҪкʺá
õĶԳѾ19ˣ꼶˵ֻǱҶС˰£ȴеر𣬿˵ǴһѧҵҲҪܶ࣬ʱȻڱѧϵʵôȥģ涼ס
úʹøӶеЩͷۣȻ˵Լһĸ߼ɲΪƽʱæԶںӵĽҵ˺ܶ࣬Գӣ˵ҲЩεġ
ãԳɾЩѣ񹲷ߵ
˵СõŮηֻ16꣬پ͸ϸ߶ˣʱͤͤѾǴˡ
СҶغС÷׳òڵµŮҲǷǳۣʵ˶СĺӣǺܳŵġ
ηȻҲⲻһЩǻ֪ߴҹʵŮӣѧУҲǧŮż
ԭԳɸҶΪӽƢҲӽõˣֻҶͻȻ飬ȻһͰԳɸԶԶ˺棬ԳҲƵģΪúʹøڽѵʱܻ᲻ᵽҶ
ԳǺƵģ˵ҶһʱǾȻˣ
һڰٳ󰡣ҶһˣҲ䡣
˵ԳɾᵽĸڣϣҸ˵绰Уүʿ˵绰˸ǽġ
ԳǸηһģֻǵſھͱסˣĳǹŹԺնС
үӲˣȻҪǿҶ˵
϶ôģԳɿҶߵ楣ʱЩ޵ĸоҲ˵λʵҶŮˣҲö࿴ǱҶѯʵ
ʲô϶Ҫж硣ø޻Щؽѵ
ӣ޻ҲЩôǹԺƾרңԺƶһЩҪߵʱ򣬶ҪЩ̣ܹҲûжˣĳһȨԻȨϧڶӵĽȷʵЩʧܣһ޻еܲʹ졣
֮ҶҵҶҲãҶҲգһ̣һӡ
Ҷʮܸ߲㿴أ˸ĹίΣӷչȥģ϶Ҷˡ
ԶԶûûСغҶ϶޻ܵؾͱʾ˳˼
ҶЦЦû¶˼죬οƽʱ˴磬ҲǺϴģԼֵܣô˵ν
ԳɿŸף˼˵˵㿴Ҷƽϣ˵һô¶
ûйأɷԲһҲǸ硣޻һ
ηȷʵϲ楣òʣһҲǳ壬ȿңȴֽƳַӳȥһλŮ߹
ηΧ楸˵ҲͦϲСӡְ淭˷һʯ˲档
ллɩӡηӨ貵ʯеǳϲͱһڣȻĿǰҶǱ߶ȥҫƷ
ӴϷʯҶزηСѾͷʶģһ۾ͿͳֵƣɵЩ
µüʮɣҶǾ磬Щϵ鲢Ǻ⣬ԾͲ²һµ
СҶ̾ҡͷϷǲ꣬ôһƼֵôҲڼ˵ˣ⻹ûпǵʯƷʺƷ档С̫ˣɲա
û¶ģСãԼ˵ĻҲ֪ϷʯǣҶЦŰ˰ֵ極ֶλǱȽģһʹ鱦£ˡ
ƫƫСҶһλʶ֮ˣȻ֪жôء
ϷʯɩӣûҵԳɿ֮ۺúܣ̾ʹ˹
ŶﵹмԼѡһʵİɡǱ߶ŮƷȻʺԳɣҶİ浹ЩöҶͶԳ˵
ԳҲӹҶİͿʼһпкüţֽҲһЩȻм͵İָʲôġ
ⶫֵǮ𣿡ԳóһָҶѯʵ
ֵǮɣѡҶһۣͻش
ˣЩҶ˼ָļֵͶ͸ηʯˣ⼸ָҲǺġ
Գ˺ܸˣѡõģֱӾʹԼĴĴָϣһֻһ±ȽָֻһһЩ
ǸɫرģʵֵͣһɡҶԳ˵
һΪǸֵǮءԳɵҲһֻժʱ򣬾ͷһ֤
ףԳóǱ֤Щϡ˵ȻŪһ֤
֮һһԳɲɵÿҶ˴Ĵָ϶ȻʶˣȻľ֤α죡ҪǱ˷ˣֱӾͰ;·ͥˣ
η֮ԱǵǼң֤Ҫα찡
˵ȷʵûҶȱʲôͲ˵ˣҪŪ֤Ҫ𣿣ǲҪģ
ӹǱ֤֮󣬿һۣʱҲſϲϣһӲʵ磬ŵ°ļ֤ٽ㵨Ҫү֪ˣƻùչģ
񾩳ľ÷չܿ죬֤ķչҲܿ죬Ϊг𣬴ҶѧʲôҪҲ˺ܶ࣬԰֤ҲӦ˶ϰʮǮܹ㵽ƴѧıҵ֤
ҪĻ˿͵Ǽ֤ǵ뱣ϣʲô֤ҽְҵʸ֤ȵȣҲ
ʱηҶľ֤棬дżΪٽȻҪʾˡ
ʲôʱ򣬼ֶһٽ
ҲǲܵģϾֻҪǴУľٽҪͨίһ׳ǩУž֤һ׳ǩηǸǩǲҶԼøֱдȥģ
ηҲò׼һ׳ױǩǸʲôӣͰҶľ֤ݸ׳ְ֣һپ֤أ
ٽ׳֮󣬶ʱҲ׵⽹ۣôˣٽľ֤һӾͱʶưҪαĻУЩӸˡ
׳ܿͷ⣬֤úܾ£棬Ǹίһ׳ǩҲӡȥģøֱǩ
ӱʼǽͬ־ױǩ
׳Ϊ⽻ĸԽͬ־򽻵ĴҲһЩ·ļϣͬ־ױǩҲܶ࣬ȻǱȽϤġ
֤ģ׳ЩŵҶ֤


352 ߵڰ
֤ģ׳ЩŵҶ֤
׳ôһʣǶʱסˡ
Ȼ˵׳Ҷ治ȨƵһȺˣʶΪ⽻׳ǿסģʱѯ֤αȻ˵һ⣬֤ˡ
ѵ˵Ҷĳһʮٽ
Ϊ˵Ҷȴ赭дرʾ֤ģ¶Ҳģٽǿھί鵽ģҪ˵жôȴҲô¶ܲȥоϰɣ
оֵĸֳ׳һĥˡ
Ҷ˵òٽȻģǵ£ȷʵ¶
ҶҵӣҲȥоֳֵȥҲһԭ⡣
ΪĴţҶҵĵ̳Ҷ϶Ҫ;ģѾǸˣҪ·һһ̳ġ
оʲôطȻϰյ۾棬ƺӣڸ߲УҲһӵбصǿķҵıڡ
ҶȥоֳֵʵҲ͸ͷӲ࣬ݶҫҶܲģǸ˰
ԣоָҶŰ칫ңҶҲȥϰ࣬û¶£ȥоֵĻֻҪʱ򣬲ŻȥתһȦ
оֳָݣֻΪ˸ٽѰһȽϺʵְѣְΪרְǲ˵ģΪļְͱȽϺˡ
ҶٽطһЩ󷽱飬оֵĸֳݣҪһٽݹöˣֱΪ㼶쵼˷Ļ˵˾ȨһȺȷʵǳ֡
ӣû˵ˡСҶؿҶľ֤֮󣬾͸п˵˵һûиξģҶҵĴͳˣֱŪһٽŶ
ʵҶ֪СöڶҶӳһЩ޵ģǶҶĹϵȽϺһЩΪҶҲŮӦôӾҶƽûϴӾ·ЩϵģΪжҪҶȦӣҲеЩ⡣
һˡ˶ҶӳõɫҲЩãСõɧ
ҶˣоһڸҶ˵һүӵĲʱ򣬾ᵽ飬һʴʵ飬һǶҶӳɶǱ߶飬ҶүӵӰȽϴ󣬶˱ֽڮۣҶүӲȻŭʵֻһѡ
˵ҶүӵĲǰϵġ
ʲô飬öҶӳɶǱ߶ǳ鷳ҶҲܺ棬ʱȴǺܷ𣬱Ͼ⼸λҶĹϵǺ㣬Ҷүӻ߶үӵǰԼʲô˵ʲôⶼʡ
࣬Ҷү˵һ䣬鲻ӦʵģҲˡ
Ǵø޻׳Ҷ˵߶ţȥ˵˵
Ҷ׳˵ͷӦʣ˾͵˸ڷ䣬Ȼ˵
ҶԱ߶ˮ͵ˮڰ״ɱ˴װС裬Ȼ˸λø
ø޻ҶĶȳȣҲɵһ䣬Լֻ˲һµҶȻҪˣҲѹҫۡ
ھԺĸ߲ǣҲҶҶҵĵеǳ֪̾ôᣬôᾭӪôһʢľ
ڽǱ߶޻Ҳע⵽ҶʥĽʱȻûзչǸҵѾ׷פˣѾפļдоƬҵͶ̣лϻصļ촬ҵֲܸҵܰЩִҵͶʶȶܴССʥ˾޴ơ
ҶΪʥĴʼˣһλίΣһֲٰһУȻĿģ޻ԼҲҶЩ沢ûʲôƣһжҶԼĳġ
ˣ޻ҶһЩעСǴˡ
Ҷӳ飬ɶĹЩϵ޻Ҷ˵Ϊ˹ֱԸڸȦףԴҶ鷳
޻ΪԺųԱɶǱȽģ˵飬Ȩԡ
ɶʡĹĸⲻСǰһеһЩ⣬ͨίӳȥ֮Щ˾סˣҪ¶˰޻˵
ѵǣʲô¶ˣҶʵ
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޻ͷɶʡһҴ͹Ҫ۵Ͷ̣ܶϹ˸״޹ȥʡǰ濹飬;һȺåڶӵΧ׷½أȺں¸ڹʮˣʮˡ
飿ҶˣʱЩȡ
ʡǰ濹飬ܱåڶӸˣ϶ģҪ˵ʡԴ˺֪飬Ҳ̫͹صİˡ
ʵϣǱ߶пķ紵ݶʡ߶ѾõϢˣ˵֪ȻжΡ
ҿ飬ɶʡѲϵġҶ̾жϣ¶ָҶʲôϵˣ
Ҷӳɶı٣ǾӸطϵĽӴͼ٣ЩطôҲͷϰɣҶԴɻ󣬲֪澿ô¶
϶ģҶĹԱǣ˺绽Ĵ̼£Ѿ˽ȨΪǮľڹҵƵĹУǽһֶޱѪȣѾʲＸڵĹֻǧ͡ԭͷͷ
ôĽȻǵװǵļһһת۾ԭְ̡
УܻݵЩˣܺЩˣԵ˶
׷ĹУ;ɶһء޻˵ʱڵһУٵĸףҲڱ׷ȺУפͲսˣͷåץʮ׷Ⱥµĺڶӡ
Ǻ¶ҶЩ˵ôҲˣ
˵ӦǺ¶鷳ˡ޻˵ڶ죬ʡȻҪУ٣˵Ź۵Ͷ̵Ա˼ΪӵĽ
ⲻǺôߵڰҶ֮󣬶ʱɶʡҲˣȻ鶼ó
Ļ
ǰҲΪŭ˵Ǻ޻˵ֲǾһ֣˾ίͬʡҪѾУѺ׼ƽطˡΪʱӣɢͽ浽˾ί˵ǲŽͬ־ϣ롣
ߣԭˡҶһô¶ˡ


353 ܺ
ɶ˾ţɽϳ¼ҵĶŮ׼ңҲϳ¼ϵڵҪ
ͳֵܳȥ֮ϳ¼ϵڵҲһЩֻ˵һЩ˿ʼתͶ˵£һЩǾóӲˣҪŵˣһЩѾʼͶϳ¼ҵ϶ͷǱ߶ȥ˵Ҷ߶
Ϊϳ¼ҵĶŮ׼ңɶ˾ţɽ䲻ʮѣʧ֮ţɽ׼˻ᣬʼڽͬ־ǰģýͬ־ƿؾ飬һת˴ӳϵϵת䣬ȷʵúܶЩ㵡
ԴȻǺ⣬ҲܲЩˡ
Ϊȥǰ쵼ˣھƵƿѾѸٵܹţɽ뷨Ͼţɽᣬίıί׳ְλ뷨ҲȽǿңϣѾΪţɽͶҲ֮顣
ǲô˵ţɽϵĳϵӡĨġ
ҶӡУƺɶʵҲǺǿģΪɶ˾ţɽҲ˽ͬ־һϵĺĴ󽫣ǵ˺Ϊص̰¼ȥ
ʮŷģҶӡһЩģֻǵʱΪʱ£Ǹ˶Թͺ˵ˡ
ɶ¶ҶûȤܵģǱ۸ͷˣҲǲеġҶ̾ö⡣
ɶЩ⣬岻ˮòֱһ޻˵ɶľʵҲǺǿ꣬Ҳû򿪾档
Ҷ˵ͷϴø޻˵ʵɶȷʵ⣬ΪϹҵصԵʣɶ쵼൱ţΪǶعŵҪҲԵñȽһЩ
ϾɶϽžǿʱ¾ǣôҪһ֧װܹεؿУǵλǣҲ˯ðȡ
ԣɶ˾ţΪ˼㹻ĵ
Ҷӳȥɶü꣬ûд򿪾棬Ҳϳ¼ҵĴںйϵϾϳ¼ͰɶԼΧôҶҲֽȥ
ϳ¼ҪϾĻүӿ϶ҲǻԵģһĵ
Ҳһ⣬ţɽѾתͶͬ־һϵˣҶȻȥȫѹĻ߲ϵĻҡ
޻ҶҲҪע⵽һ㣬Щʱ򣬲ʲôġһ˹˼ɣͶͱüˡ
ȻеѣǵҶҵͷϣóҲǲеġҶʾүӸλȻй˼ûа飬ҶҲͷôҶϵô룿
С÷׳ˣеǣҪץ鲻ŵĻײǹ߻ģϾţɽҲģдɽҿүӵ˼ҲǲԸ¶ˡ
С÷⽻ˣ˼άҲܵ⽻һЩӰ죬еҲҶһ㣬Ϊϸߵ쵼ˡ
෴ø޻ڹԺʱãֳڴҹڴֹ۵գҪС÷׳ǿܶ࣬ҶʵĻѴø޻ųȥʡһ쵼Ҳһܲѡ
ΪԺ£߲ųԱ޻ʸģֻǷȱһʵĻѡ
ȻˣҶȫƶµĻҲҲĻᣬ޷ǿĴǷܹܰˡ
ҶһдѾ˼ƽϣȻţɽ˺ҪҶҶŸɣôҶҲ֡
һϳ¼¶Ҵ㷴ִȥү˵˴ˣûһ˳һװƣ˵Ҷҿ׸ˣҶ˵һ飬һ׷׵ģ˵ţɽֻһ˾˾ί˸׳͵ûʰֶˣ
޻׳ҶİЩȻ˵ֲҶʮܹͣٽΣҼоֵĸֳԭ߲Ҳɱϣ֪һֵúúӰ
Ҫ©ͺãҪǰʱ򣬾˵޻ʾ
׳ҲҶʾͬʱҶҪı󶯣Ҫպô֣Ҫץס˰ѱȻҶıжʾͬҲҶĺȣԴʱ
һλøѾҶҶҵĺ򲹼ˡ
ҶɶѾɶʡĹˣΪ滹һЩΪ֪ԭ򣬱ϿֵطʵҪһ㼸ǲܵ顣
ҲⳤģеģһҪԷûǮôУ
ںܶط˵غһþĽ˽żʣڵ߶оطŹᣬռпɽԴǮȽϿԴзǷľӪĲ
ЩȻֹģΪԱȽǿһֶǴ˳棬Ժץѱ϶սֽñȽһЩ˵ｫɣǣһȫҲôóġ
˴Ҫŭпһ鵽ףĻѡ
һΣţɽǵҶĶҶӳͷϣ谭ҶӳĽ֮·ҶҶҵصĲӰ죬ҶҲ¶ȥԸ
һηܹ˵Ҷүˡ
ǴҶȥ˸ڲſҶүӡ
һһȥɣסҪһһ˵ҲҪү˵̫໰ȻҪúϢø
ҷ׷׵ͷǣȻڴҶĴ£롣
ҶүӾкã˱ϾͣȲˣԴʱбڴϣɫЩĿ⻹ǱȽ񣬴ʱҶˣ΢΢ס
֣ˡҶҶү˵ƽǶյϢͷϵ黹Ҫһ£˵˼ҵпɣǲҪż
Ҷүһʾ֪ˡ
ʵϣҶҵ⼸λжȷʵ߾ߵģÿһ˶һ£ҪܴӰ죬Ҫһˣ߾ͻһΣҶүӶҶĻ㱨ǱȽġ
λøҶү˵䣬Ȼʹź˳ȥˡ
ԳɺηСҰǵСҲûʲôȨʣҶ楡
˳𣿡Ҷүǿһ䣬ؿȻЩƵۡ
ҶϽֹҶүӣȻ˵үүˣҸ㱨һ顣
ȻҶְԵ楣Ҷүʽһ£үү楣Ůˡ
Ҷôһ˵ʱɫͺˣȫû뵽ҶĽôֱӡ
ֻҲ֪˵ʲôΪãֻúһүү
ܺáҶүϲɫص˵ͷ


354 ȥɶɽ
һ̣ǳҶҶҵҪλ
ԭҶλøڲʰʱҶүҲǵͷѣҶ£ȴҶүӵĳӡ
һε飬˳ҶͰԼںӹ򽢴ҹӶһ֧źĸع飬ҶүӼҪؽһ
Ҷүú棬ҶҲúûʲô©ĵطҶҲԼһЩ뷨Ҷүӽ˽
˼úϸʱ΢΢ͷȻǶҶֶηǳ
֮£˭ôɵذ£ҲֻҶˡ
ҶүڴˣҲɵϻοҶҵĵڳɳˣԼһ˼ҲԷˣԺжүӺҶƽϣгҶӽʹҶӳھʵҶҵ꣬Ϊȹ̡
ҶүӲ˵ˡܺá֣ⲻǱʾ楺⣬ҲҶ⡣
үү㾡Ъţúõһ壬˳ҲһƣһʲôҪ˷ˡҶҶү˵
̫ˣҲҶү˵
Ǻǣ̫õġҶЦ˵龡ܽ죬£֤ʵʵͣʶһԼмＸ
ôİգҶү֮ҲɵЩ
Ȼ˵ôһʹĥĹⶫһͦȥˣʵҲôһ¶ҲͲˣҶүһεʵǷǳأֻΪҼ쵼ˣܵعעģȻҲԵ÷ǳҪ
ݴҶ͸¶ϢһҲû¶ˣԺעУзҲԿǴ֧ܡ
ô˵˼ǣҶүһܺͿԻؼңʮ֮ȥϰûʲôġ
ҾͰ°ɡҶүҶ˼ҪԼҽԺһӣΪĳЩ˴ᡣ
Ҳ뿴һҶܹڳʲôԾͬҶ飬ҽԺסϰ£һᷢչʲôӣ
ҶָҶү˵˼飬Ÿˡ
֮󣬴ҶڿҶ˼˵ҶүΣ
үү廹ãҽ¿˼ҴӦˡҶʾ
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱЦ˵үӵʵǲģܹúõһӣڻָǳСа취˵үӡ
⻰һҲţүӵԸֻҪǻָòˣͲҽԺŵģȻֲ㼶ĹҼ쵼ˣסҽԺҲûʲôһ굱аǴҽԺ棬еȨȴһҲϷɣڹԺĹҪǺͬ־ץϾԲ˳೸⡣
ڵĹƹͬ־ȻܣʵϺܶʱ޷ʹָԼ뷨ȥٰ졣
ҶүҲҽԺ칫ĻҲʲô¶
ȻˣҶүӲˡ
һӣҶͽӵ˶үӵĵ绰
ү֪˴Ľ֮ҲżȻ˵Ҷһ͸ȥ˵籨˵Ҷү޴󰭣ʱҶүӲδѹԶүһֱܲġ
Ҷүӽһ֮ͨ󣬶үӲŷ
˵¶˹ģүȻԶ󣬵ǵ绰Ȼܹɱ֮
ӦģѾˡҶشүүʱܹأ
Ԥг̣Ҫʮ֮ɡү˵ôĪʲôţ
ԼֶӣүӻǱȽ˽ģҶϲı󶯣ǲʾ嶯Ҷĳ嶯Ҳı󶯵һֽѣֻôҿŷӦȽϼһЩ
ԣҶѯүӵг̰ŵʱ򣬶үӾףҶͳﰲˣԼҶļƻУҲǲɻȱһڡ
Ƕүү㣬728ջΣҶѯʵ
үһ£˵ԣΪʲôҪӣ
й¶ʱֱȥɶǡҶ˵
ҵרֱɾǵġүӱʾԥ
Ŷүүа취ġҶЦҵļƻӰش󣬻һ°ɡ
ðɣ취үڵͷͬˡ
Ȼ˵ǾίԱУүҲıֹǶүӱϾ׳Ҫʲô飬ܹа취ġ
̶ү֮ҶƽҲ˵绰
үүôˣҶƽֱӣҲࡣ
û¶ʵһ֮ϰࡣҶشҽ£үҲӦˡ
û¶ͺáҶƽǷһģ鷳ͷɻȥˡ
ʵҶҲ˵ҶүӵĲ飬ôأĻҶƽǸʲôóţҲҪؾүӵġ
ʱЩԪͷȥŪɽλ˼ҲһҶڵ绰жҶƽ˵
Ҷƽˣ˵ͷǺܿע⵽ҶĻЩ⣬ǾüͷʵҪȥɶ
ٺ٣ϰ˺ܶడҶЦЦȥɶĻȥɽΣȥҸֲ죬ûȤ
Ҫ˵½֮ĹϵмȷʵǺܺá
ʵϣ˿Ǽ꣬½֮Ĺϵ϶ڲõ״̬
Ҫ֪֮ļ굱Уλ̫ϴɣȻϴ׻ɣϴ˼ɽɣڽȨһ˼ҵ
ôһλţƵȻǲڴ½֮¡
ֻľúܳ⣬ϰյ⣬Ը½֮ĹϵҲʼͣ߶
뵽λ̫ҶҲɵЦ4·ݵʱʮ٣ΪԼ˴Ԫ˧ΣΪ
ȻҲӦǱΨһһԪ˧ˣԺֻܼӷԪ˧͸йĹŴʳһĻʵ˽̫߸棬ľֻܽʲôʲôˣǷʲôͬһĴ£пܴ
үͬȥɶˣҶƽʵ
ҷȥҽԺһ¡Ҷش
ҶƽĥһҶĻ˼¶ӦѾˣ˵СİɣɶȱĵطҪעⰲȫ
ĵҲûеʵԴӳЭϯֶɽʱ򣬱˸зʬ֮󣬴ҶڹڵΰͶûʲôܴˡ
ĺˣ֪ӦôҶĻشԵһоա
ڶһ磬Ҷʡί˸٣һǱ߶ĹлʥĹԼˣĿĵأɶ
ҶԼĻ˵үүأӵ磬ΪүүտҪȥɶɽȥˡ


355 үӶģô
ҶҵɶյϢ֮ɶ˾ţɽûʲôĸо
Ҷҵ̫СΪһʮˣжı¡
ȻţɽϣҲ֪ҶݣǽʡʥĹίΣĹԱͬʱίٽΣоֵĸְֳ񣬵ţɽʼΪҶһĶ档
ţɽЩмһˡ
ѾƼžȨ˾ϣһӻίϳ¼ѾʧƵξί׳Ϊͬ־ھϵͳемεƿؾ
һ仰˵ţɽھίĸ׳үӻһЩ˼ɣǵǸʱĻǶүȻռݾί׳λãͬʱίճţɽҲûбҪʲôˡ
ѾͶ뽭ͬ־µţɽʱѾǵ׳
Ҷݺ̳ʲôҶֵھµĻȻ˵ҶүشˣǶүӾӪľȴһֵܵ鼰£Բ֧ҶҵһƬա
ţɽΪͬ־ѡеľˣķչǰ;ҲǼΪģҲнԼչĴ㣬ΪһҶȻ
ϯλʲôĴڣ
һ룬˾÷ۺ졣
ҶүӻҽԺţ֪ӾɶɽˮʲôɽΣ¶ô͸ŹŹ֡ί
ţɽ˶׷ߣǵ֪ţɽѾͶ򽭳ͬ־֮󣬸رʾģһξίҶҶӳнĺ״ǰڱƶĽ
ţɽԳĻǸҲ̫ǿˣҺ׸ԼΪӲŽһ˫нͬҲԼӵϡ
ΣţɽЩмػشҶǬϾˣĹһΣԪˣҲֱҽԺǱ߶ûдκκϢҿһ׶༪١ǵõ˽ͬ־֧֣ǰ;ǹģҲҪѾίĴȨ
¶Ҳ˵ֻҪҶүӲҶҾ͵ȥ˼ҪһЩϾǸģͬ־ͷͬ־ڣͬ־飬ҲȫλƿҶҸλ֮Ĺϵǽĺġ
ΣţɽȻϰ˵еǶڴ֣ԼøһЩڣ¶ȻҶҵȨ̫أѾвһŵȨΪǿһŵҶǱ뽻һЩȨģԴЭѹҶңѾΪʶͬ־ͷͬ־ȻҶүӽãⲢڻԭ֧ҶҡڣҿǷҪ֧Ҷҵɡ
˾˵еⷽҿĲ͸֮ȴҲţɽĻеɵ̾
ǺǣҲǶĥһЩҹͬߣǺǡţɽðĳޣʱЦԼĶͷƺ˼ͷʱЩ
ʼһĵ飬Ȼ˵ʮ꣬ͷǰѾòˣһкͼҺΧͷïܣԾһط֧ԮķͣƽʱñһѹҲϱ顣
ǸҶʱţɽȻʵ
Ҷӳɶܲġش
ţɽ˵ͷȻ˵ô˵ҲǾίעٽһǽͬ־εٽҪһģȥһ˳̽һ̽СһĵϸһιʲôĿģ
ǡӦ
ʵ˵棬һҶĵǱȽϹעģϾλʮٽǻʵоֳָⲻǰ裡
˵Ҷţɽ˵ôãҲõٽܱΪоֵĸֳһҪܹ
Ҷֳоڲʲôҵ񣬾ίҲֻаһЩогίˡ
ֻǶЩǳص飬гίҲ̸𣬱ϾǸ쵼ˣƽʱѾٻὫЩ˵ˡ
̳֮ϾѾ˵ͼȤζҪΪˣţɽָӽͬ־õʲôϢǲʵ
ʱҶȷʵԣѾɶֱȥ˶ҶӳļС
Ҷӳھ칫Ϊ֮Ҳƣ»ȥתһȦʱոջص͵Ҷ
үӵûд󰭣òˡҶӳҶҶүӵ֮ŷȻЩߵ˵ţɽˣػģҿɶһֱ⣬ΪĴɵģ
˵ξǺһ׵ģҶȴʵ
٣ҶӳҶĻȴҡҡͷȻЩΪȻ
ţɽˣƺۻǲ͵ģҶҲ˵һЩ˵ǾʵִսоڻеսоҶƶɶϽʡִ裬Ҳ˺ܴá
Ҳдԣ˵ţɽ׼Ƽžеһ࣬Ȼ֮ȫϢװڵһ֧ȫϢսӣԴﵽҾϢװ֮ɵв
ҶᵽЩ֮󣬶ҶӳЩмرʾⶼ̰֮ΪУѱ˵ĹԼˣǱȽϱصģں裬ʵжȤξ˼ʲôģҲǴĦѣûԼ
Ҷӳţɽһ֮ͨҶŸףԭλɶ˾ţɽڲӽȷʵզأֻ˻£ռɶʷͳԽõλãھеӰȽϴѣټǰһֱϳ¼֧֣˳˳ˮ˽ͬ־֮ۡ
Ҷ֮󣬾ͶԶҶӳ˵Ҫɶ߶¶û¼٣ؾ̽үȥʡñ
ɶɲĽУţɽȨգôöԸġҶӳЩɵرʾô׶Ըģ⼸Ҳ繦δȻôһˡ
Ҷӳ˵ĻСҶҶֶβ˽⣬ţɽȴ֪֮࣬ҶҲǱȻģҲһϢԳɵĽۡ
Ҷүӻ߶үӻҶƽҶĽӴ϶ĻҲͲ˵Ļˡ
ҶԴ˵ǿúܿһҲûбӵĸоֻЦЦүӶģʲôĵģ
Ҷӳ֮󣬸еҶĺ㣬תһ룬ҶүӷĻҲҶ㰡ϾҶҲٽ
ҲԣҶˣӦø˷ӵĿռġһ㣬ҶӳЦ


356 ӡί
ȵ˵ڶ죬Ҷӳʹٱ棬ҪؾеҶүӡ
֮ɶ˾ţɽʹؾ׼ˣҸίЭһҶӳͬ־ھڼʱѡ
ίĽһֵϽҪţɽ꣬ھзʲôҪãƽʱڰ칫תƣ»Ĵ٣ϲڻз񶨾˾ţɽľ
Ϊһ㣬ţɽ;Ľ˲Լȡ˵УҲĽҲظԼɣϾ˼ҲϽΣԼϼꡣ
ţɽ˼ֻҪĽԼ͸Ľӡ
ТҲӦõģҶȷʵˡίĽֻһĴӣڸױĦš
㿴ʱðҶıĹôţɽʵ
СװûиһĹĽʵ
ûиҲţɽԼͷΧͷмۣ˹ػشҲһĻᣬҺ㶷ڣҲ³ʲôӣٻ
УǾСװɡĽ˴ӣͷͬˡ
ĽҲһССҪ󣬡ҪĴˣֶ껵ĸҲ˺üˣţ㿴
껰ܲСӡһŲţɽУҲûⷽʲôҪżôһΣֲǺܸߵְ񣬶һԼݣ⻰˵ţɽͲܲˡ
˷ֿ֮ţɽʹ˸绰ѻҪһλС˹ȥֹ˰졣
Ӱ칫ҳʱСһƣҪֵķȻˣ˭ɫÿģţɽҲһ˼˵кûᣬٰꡣ
Ľ뿪ţɽ֮Ĵӣ˼
Ҷӳݽٱ֮󣬾ͻ˼ҡ
Ҷڼ棬ĸٺýҶҲˣרҶ
ĸٸҶѻ࣬ýҶҲͱҶһꡣ
һûСܶడٿҶ֮󣬾Щп˵
ҶֵĸӸҶҪðһЩϸһ˸߸Ь߹ҶͷһĴͷ顣
ԣýûСҶֿдʣһ
ҶЩЦҶȥ
ýԸЩ죬ȡһ֣׽ŪЩܵãżϴҶҲŹ
ֽ㣬ôˣһٽܱôҶ˷
ԣ𶯣滹ûٽͷģҺúøоһ¡Ҷһ˵
ˣܵˡĸ˵׼һؾүүôһСԼɶǲЩ׵
ǵҶزģ²
ɶȷʵеΪƽеĲ˳ҲǺܰһЩåڶӵֿ˵飬ʡӦҲȽһ㵽ϣϾͺܹˡ
ôˣɲҪС²õҶӳͻش
õоֳָٽҶôױ˽ٵģ
˵ģҶһɶֵµְҵھʹ˶ʮǷǳ뺷ӾֱֱӾͽҶھǵĵۺֲͳ¡
׶ģҶԼоְֳָЩ˷ǹƣ¼Լ£ôһ൱Ӵˡ
ǹֱûǹֱǾֲͬĸ
ɶĹƣӰȽϴ󣬵ҲȽϻҡҶӳᵽ飬Ͳɵüͷ
Ҷ˵ͷλǱȽ˽ģҶӳΪֱ̫ˣҶҵнһܹõҪ˵ʲôָŽϽˣʱУѾ˵ռ䡣
ΪˣҶӦȫֶ֧ҶӳϽΣܲıְ
ڵʱУڵľӽв㣬ƽʱѵѵĿĿʱķչҪһ˴£Ӧͱ˸ˣսսԱȣڵľӽȷʵںܴ⡣
Щ飬ӱܾܹùģһͷɳ棬װ˵ڣױ˺ݺݵƨɣɾǴˡ
СһؾҶЩʵ
ţЩҪòСҶ˵ͷ
ҪүүȥɽΣҶʵֶ㲻İɣʵ߼չҲǿԵģֲȱǮ
Ҷ˶ʱһЦȻó͸ҶֵҲһƷʯȻһп
ССɾ⣬ֽЦɡҶЦ
ԣǺõܵܣŶҶֽӹκӣһʱˣȻһܵ¥Դȥˡ
Ҷӳ˾ʹüͷģҲ֪ܼ޳ȥĸ軵ˡ
Ůֲһ˵飬ѵ׵ľûˣ̱ʾ˲
˵䣬߳ȥһԭίĽˡ
ŶίãôпˣҶӳЩ죬ǷǳòؽĽӭ˽
Ǻǣⲻ˵ҶϲȻ߲еС⣬ҶıҶϴȥĽЦеؿ˿һ߶ŵҶҶӳ˵
ҶлίˡҶӳЩ죬ƺû˵ĽҶүʲôϵֻĽҲϲͶʲôģȻô£﷽棬ȷʵĺϽʱͻȻʾҪҶүӣȷʵҶӳе˾졣
λƽͬ־СӰɣĽҶǳͰʵ
ίãҶҶվܿػӦһ
ô˵˼ĽίϽΣôҲԼʺãҶӳĽ֮ҲûʲôĨޣҲûʲô˽˷ͻӻҪġ
úãȻӢ۳꣬ǵҵ˰ĽƺҶǳͣ˵˺ü֣Ȼ˵Ҷһιɶɽˣ
ţ뷨ҶĿһͷش
ɽΣɶѡɶɽҲڣû׼ᵢʱ䣬òʧĽĳضҶ˵
ҶĽܾöԷлͱʾҳʱʮģɽⶫ϶ҪڵģҪڣûĻҲҪڣ֮ܶһΣˣڵɽΣؾ
ǺǣҶǰ͡ĽЦŴ˼г䣬͸ˡ
ʲô˼ĸЩʵ
˭֪أҶӳҡҡͷȴĽװ
ɽΣ˿Ķʱסˡ


357 ֱӶгί
˰װ֮һݵɽΡ
ӣⶫϰˣ֣ѵõڵúһǳڸ֮֡
ʵɽֶԪһģǾܲʲô̶ȣɽαƷҲкܴĹϵṹɽΣȷʵǰѵһļƷ
ֻǴҶе⣬ûϵĽȻôһݶ
˺˼صùġҶӳٲ׽һ˿о;Ľ˲򵥣ƽʱģû뵽һΣȻ˱ǮҪҶүӱʾͶЧ֮ˡ
ˣֺα۰Ͱ͵Ҷӳôصһݶ
ٺѶ¥Ҷ֣ΧǿɽΣ棬ȻûмʶıһɽεƷ˵ǼƷˡ
ⶫĴ󲹣ҶֶԴ˱ʾһĻɣʦ˵˲εӪֵʵܲࡣ
úܲ˲Σ㿴ⲻҶȻ
㡭ҶˣҶһۣȴԼ޻˵
Ҷ仰Ȼ򵥣ȴһѪĺŶ
١ҶӳһʱЦһ߶Ѱװָԭ״һ߶˵Ҳɽεļ۸Ƚϸߣ˵˹ֲɽκֲͨ˲Σ۸Ҫ˶ˡóôһɽΣ⻹Ǻġ
˲ڡũݾͱΪƷҲûеġ
ƳʱǾͿʼӸҰ˲ˡ
ҰɽҪɶɹķ˲ϴˢྻѬɹΣ̿𻺻ɣ̲Чܺá
˹ֲ˲һΪ԰ΣгϵĸδϺΣֻڳڹȲڣȻֲСҰɽκ͸ζѾҰˣ󲿷ֶ˹ֲģɶҰɽҲҶ˵ڲҰɽξձʱĽ˵ס
ʵ˼ˣЩϣǵһµġҶ֪Ҷӳ㲻ǻ͵Ľ죬˵⻰ʱҲֻǷ̸Ը⽫⻰˵͸ˣĻһкô
Ψһ޷ȷģĽ˭ˣ
һ㣬Ҷ޷ģȻ˵ĽͨһɽΣʾԼҶҵ⣬һεҲϵشҶ϶ǲܹй¶ԼжƻģĽҲֻп˵
72010㣬ɶıҶӳнȫҳ˷ɻ뿪ɶǡ
7201㣬ƽеһͻȻ⵽ϮȻûзǿڳͻ¼бнУľ˻裬У˽ߣ䲻
õϢ֮оֺʡ쵼Ϊŭһ׷£һϵɳӣڸ·ڲع
ɶõϢ֮󣬷ӦȴҲǳɳʿϾڽͨҪ·ϣͼͨʧٵУΰ
Ҷӳ߲Сʱΰͱ˽ˣѵûϵί
ţɽŶͷţҲδ̫һЩ
Ŀǰԣûκ֤ݱҶӳ鵱ʲôԵĶҶӳҲھУʲô춯ĻҲӲţɽ۾ţɽðƶϲҶӳĿ㡣
ȻҲųҶӳ͸ȫûϵ
ţɽԼΪҶӳûԼǰˣǹҲʱͻȻؾ
Ȼ˵ҶүȷʵǲˣҶӳߵôæҲ˵ھ״ǳ⣬ҲųؾĿԡ
ţɽԼӵھǿӰֵõ˸߲֧֣ʱѾȵվס˰˴һ˵λãһĻξί׳ĿԼҲĽĿꡣ
УΰȻ˽ˣֵӰܴ󣬵ǶţɽԲûжӰ죬ϾѾƽطˣûʲôϵڳ֣ҲӦطҪ󣬾϶ѡ
ǰһ쵽ˣףĽڻУţɽԵøӣпѡýĿ͵ȫףȥҲʾһɶ⼸ĳɾ͡
ͬʱҶڰƽеһҸߵƵ
Ҷӳһ뿪ɶ֮Ҷס˾Ƶꡣ
׷ķʱɶͨУΰڴϡ
Ҷ߽֮󣬸һжľӭ٣˻湻ݵģŽǸˣûһطġ
ôţҶҲһ㶣û뵽ƽоȻô󵨣Ұ۾ٴӡ
ҿУΰϵı¿һ֮󣬾üͷʾ¶̱ƹô򵥣ƺڶѾƽоһˡ
ҶһιģͬʱҲ˱ԼоյıǣһνֱʣȻЧЩֱǶԸ޷Ŀֻ˵̫ˡ
٣ôǲе̫ˣʵ
ڽ飬ûбҪģֱӴоֵȥƽҪˣҲҲ
ͬġҶҡҡͷҲˣǾܻ𣿡
Ļ࿴˿ҲòҶ˵öԣҶֶΣͻȻѺΰУ˳ֻҪǷųҪ˵ķΰͻᱻǸŪˡ
ȻǺܺñģ㲻ţѾˣΣ
˼򵥵ҩʹ֮󣬺ΰ˹̾ͿڴǰҶɵһ
ǵã֮ǰڿģͻȻһȺ˳裬һҲ֪ˡ
оֳָҶٽҲҶӳıֶӣһξҪһЩ顭ҶԼ֤֮̾Ϳʼʡ
ҶҶ䣬ΰԼԴҲеˡ
ôĽѵģ
˵һ˵ڿľһ˵ҶԺΰ˵һʡǰ¼˽⣬Ҫб
ֻٽҶıΪ˵ʲôãΰҶʾ˻ɡ
ɶʡǵѾ۳һ൱Ӵ֯ҶӳΪнıܱסΰ״˵Žͬ־ʱЩ߶վĸоˣҶһССٽôܰ¶
ΰҶûʲôָ
ǲһٽֱӶгί𣡡Ҷؽѵţɽһнʲô֤ȷ䣬ֱӽӪȥץһҲûУ
Ȼ˵Ҷ⻰еţΰĶ棬ǿɾͲһˣ¶Ѿͨ˰
ͰԼ飬Ҷ˵һͨԱ߶¼¼ȻúΰǩֻѺ֤֤ṩʵЧ
ˣ룬׼ͻؾȥ崦Щ֮Ҷ¾˾


358 оҶֳ
оӦһִֻʱ򣬲ܹһΪǴҩƼԶûʲô̫صӰ죬һЩʣҲƤѡ
֮沿ҩ̼£ʼΣֱǿɿƵģҲ˵δ֮ǰͨĴఴɲͬ
ҩЧҲܿ죬֮ͶˣҪָԭ״ĻֻҪһ֮עҩͿԳ׻ָԭò
Ȼˣ΢һЩҲ󣬵ϵʱˣôòһͣⶼ˱仯Ҳ޷ָԭòˡ
ֻӰҲһЩĵطע֮沿ԽӲȻӰԷ˵˯ߵȵճΪǿȥЩĴյβ࣬ϳȥŻСӡ
ֶоҲ࣬ҲΪֳҪһЩûġ
ΪʲôҪͻؽΰУ룬Ĵıò
ֻڻؾĿģΰУ˽⣬ҪһҲ
ɶ߶ͨ㣬ѾȫͨˣԱͳȥ˾Ǳ߶ְλߵĸİȫĵȴˣһµʱ䣬֤ЩǵõӦе³Ҷ͵
ܲܲ뿪ҵϸҲ˴ˡΰУ뵽Լֵԭ򣬲ɵЩȻзô⣬ѵ˾Ĳ
㸸ףǻչˡҶʾ
ʵϣҶҲҪȥһΰĸף˵ǰƽһҴ͹ϸɲԭûʲôģֻΪ˹ڶѹեˣͼ۱ʲһúõĳӸڿˣԲͦԼѾʮͣŹϽͷҪȥʡǰȥУȴåǸˡ
ͬ־ҶлǴоģϾ²ؼܹͦ˵ΰĸǸֱˣǸеԵˡ
ȥһ˶ܹ˽ɶʡԼƽе󾿾Ӻζ
˵֮䣬ߴϢ˵ǾڶԾƵ
˼ˣʵ
ʮˣֻʽ죬ĶЭ߻ش
ȥڷ䣬߶ˣӦҶԸ
Ӧһżˣźΰȥ˸ڵķ䡣
ûã˾¥ˣţȾҶķ档
šһͷľ˵
ۡ˿ʼš
˭ʵ
鷿ϿŴ򿪡ľЭ˵
ƨ˺֣һ
ľЭˣʱȻ˵ʲôôţƣȻ춼ִй񰡣
쿪ţѲӷײ˰ľ캰һûȵӦһֵײţ
¾Ƚϱ뺷Эͬʱܣɫʵľײȥ
ŸոսӴŵʱȴű͵ˡ
Эղסžͷ˽ȥײĲ輸ϣʱһƬڵ̯Ϲ˺üͣ
״ʱͰγǹ˽
ǻûпأžžǹ죬̣ܶͬһʱ䷢ġ
ϡҽȴǵǹǹ䣬˵ϡ
Ȼв׳ȫ˼ԴǣҶµһթ
ǰǲֱ˾ȥ˵ۺʱΪҶȴǳоֵĳǹִգҲ൱˵õЩСǣȻкԽĸо¾ͷǹȻǹܵס˵졣
ʲô׳һѾɵˣ֪ʵ
ʲô׳ûʸ֪ġһǹܵ˵Էͷм˵ûи״͸ҳӣ֪Ƿ˶Ĵ𣿣ǾֳˣҲֻ׳Ьģ
꣬Ǿֳо־ֳίίţȻ̣˼ҵǹ棬ҲҷֻǸ㲻ԷһǹٷĵҲˣһǷͽĻôԼɾײǹˣ
ܳû뵽ߵƵȻҲǹսĳ棬˥
ھ֮䣬ЩЭһѷˣûǹֻ֧оǶϰչˣǹеĲֽսŰ
ǵ֪úǰĵҲԼѾӾˡ
ûһ״ú
콲ʲôһƺͲ
ʲô첻طʵ
̧ͷȥʱ򣬾ͷһת棬ſڣոճȥЭʱҲڵذϣ֪ǲǱȥˣ
ǼɲӣǼɣǷɣʲôţᣬС죡˱˵
ЩҪʱһھǹڵ˵ͷ˵ѧŵСӣҪǲɣɣĻЩȻв׳ȫļһͱˣ
ЦǣѵǷͽһߵ
ʱƺҲˣƺͷܴĹٷʿ򲻻ֻǵ󣬽ǵװô򵥣ǷͽĻͰһǹͷˡ
۵Ҳģݹضү췴
ƬˣܶǳҶ˵ƬǶʲôĵģ۵ĺϴǮĹߣΪдʵӰŶû֪ʶҲ֪ôϾģɶΰʵ̫ˣʻûСߣ
˭˵ɶΰˣ⴫һȡ
ٵĽŲ˹ʮȫװľ¥Ҷ˸ʵʵһűܵµľٶųǹվڶƺ棬˵һλ
˵ġҶתκȻת¶档
ſڵľǶʱҶ󣬶ʱеЩȻ
ô᣿λˣȻٽװϵһŽǹʶĿȻֻһţŽȴ˵룡
ôĵӣȻð䣿ſڵټˣȻȻͷӦ˹ϽͶɱۣ
ôĿ浱ɶ޷ˣҶһ޾ɫ˵ǵĽŵʲô
ſڵЩԣʱŵ¿ȥֻһ¥ĺ̺߽ǴȻװܽըҩʱңźŽһһطź⣬Ȼһ˰ťЩǣɣ
ǵʲôˣͷټ״ɫʱҰܣû뵽ظϹȻأҶʵ
һںһҲ¸ǣλǣоҶֳ


359 ֪Ǹʲôģ
ʲôо֣ôû˵ͷľһûзӦʱЩãȻ
ߣǵļôҶֳĴͦͦţǽ˵ǣо֣ȫƾС롭֣Ҷֳٽֳ˰ɣ
С롭֣ӣľȫˣʱֱð亹
оʲô˵дڱڣרŸλгίİȫĳ֣ÿһܹһʮľоӢлΧһζʱѵܹ֮µֲʮ֮һپ̭˵ѡһĸְ
û뵽оֵĸֳȻ˰ƽУһǵɷͽΧˣ
ⶼʲô¶ľѾʵˣ
ΪܼǷͽĻʵʵǽȻǲܵģ˼еΪ˼̰
ʱڽҶľ֤Ӹ١
֮һ£ܳȻǽͬ־ױǩľ֤ʮٽֳôô׶鰡ô˰
ͷľھýԼùգò˾֤ȻؾصվãҶһ񣬡Ҷֳƽоֳָ䣬¾
ŶͬжҶ˵ͷ
ˣʱһ£˵Ǿ֣Ǿ֣Ȼһ֣ǹʿɾͽȻͬôҲͬжˣ
ǸֳҲǸֳҶûзӦЦ˵һ
Ǻǡ֮󣬸Цֳôֳܸأ쵼ǰģȫһҰ
һҵˣؼ˼ҵľζٽ𲽣ʮٽ
俴˼Ҷ;ԼһͶڹˡ
߶Ϣܿʹо֣о־ֳˣҵ̰оֳָҶڰƽеί㱨ˡ
ί߶ҲñȽϽţְ㱨ʡί
ôһ֣еˡ
оֳָҶʡί춨õϢ֮󣬾Щ죬ƺӡвû˵оôһλֳ
ͨа츱̷ʤܵĵ绰顣
̷Σоֵĸֳôܵɶˣ춨̷ʤʵ
Ŷʲôʱ飬˭ܵɶȥˣ̷ʤܲ
һҶĸֳٽΡ춨̷ʤ˵ǰƽֵüɹģɣƸ㲻ʡɣеذɣ㿴¶ֵġ
Ҷ̷ʤֹһôȥɶ
ѵоֵĸֳ춨ôһֹȷʵЩԾ˵ʮ꣬ٽֳˣʲô·
Ҷϵӡ̷ʤ˵
С춨һô˵ˣ̷ʤ֪ܲôתһ룬;Ҷɶǲ󷽱㣬Լ֪ôԸˡ
ôǵˣ̷ʤЩʵСǸѣ˭ͱ˶мܲסͬ־Щ¼Сȷʵб£ǸٽҲǲǰոģǽͬ־гίǰڵζ
춨֮Խͷʹˣ̷Σоֵ飬ԹŵܲܰŪȥʵڲԸһСëӣʲô¶
̷ʤˣаЦ˵첻ͦţƵһҲ鷳˲ǣ
ҶҪôöԸĻϳ¼ҺϺؼҲᵹ̨ˣһһгίһίԱһίίˣͬ־еɱɶҲǵӹʵģȻȥĻⲻԼûȤ
¶ð졣̷ʤܸ춨ĹϵҲһѣĳֹϵϣ֮仹оϵǾѵ㲻֪Ϊ飬Ѿټо־ֳˣ˵˵Ļ𣿡
С춨ˣԽͷʹˡ
ⰲƽоҲǳԱ˳ŵģȻôһ鷳¶ģ˵Լ˲ΪʲôҪʡίⲻǸҰ
˵绰֮춨ڰ칫ȥһӺͷݵ˭ʺ˭ȥƨɣ¶Ӳź򣡽⣬Լְɣ
ʵذ춨ǵĻתо֣о־ֳˣɫͰˣ˵¶Ҫô㣿˼ҿٽôԼӣְĿת棬ίͷͷ˶Էͷʱһˣ磬ٵ٣û¶ˡ
ܳܣҲܣҲŭˡ
ͺܹˣҶھƵһӣȻûһʡйԱ̽Ҷеǳˡ
̬ȣͷ
ûˣ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶ֪ô죿
ɶ⣡Ҷһת˱飬ǾǰЩӣʡǰУå˻ȥжˣ¶ôģ
¶Ƚϸӣ˵ʾȽΪѡ
¶Ҫǲ˵ĻǵҲ˵Ҷ˵
ɫʱˣ¶ȻڰƽʲôܣҲ֪һЩĻЩʵǲ˵ģһǿɾҪһ˵ģĸֳɵ
ֻǣʵ˵ĻǰҶһأ͹ȥˡ
Ҷʱı飬֪Ѿʼ˽սˣǾͲٸһѲ񣬡ţô󶯸ɸ꣬ΪǸΰ𣿡
ǵģΪǸͨҪΪ¶ҲײҶֳ¶ȫǸͨҪһʱǰһһԶذζƵ˲ټĺΰϡ
䷢ĵ˵һͨԼȫΪ׵̫ȣԲײҶǸɱӷʷһ֮󣬾ͼҶЦſɵþЩ֣ﲻ𣿡
֪ΰɶУ֮⣬һʲôҶЦʵ
ʲôô֪俴ҶĿ⣬ʱЩϷĸоͰ͵ʵ
ҶеȶһʡίԱҪţȻҲλʡίԱѣⲢӰ֮ĸоһȽϡ
ҶϵĹ⻷̫ǿˣǿҵƽоֵĸֳ޷ֵʱҶѹ֮£;ԼеҪļ
Ҷսս䣬֪ԼѹѾúˣǾЦ˵Ҳ¸㣡ΰУоɶʡܳԱ
ˣʱɫףһƨ˵ϡ
ôҲû뵽ҶľȻôһµĴ𰸡
˵ƽоֻץɶһ٣ôⲢΪоָ֮Ĭûܹסΰ
ǣҶȻ˵ΰоֵܳԱһӣ鷳ɾʹˣ


360 ˵һ
丱ֳͷϣʱ亹乡
ʵǱŵˡ
ֲҶҶֳڰƽУԭ˼ҵ±ץ񰡣
ΰڿܵʲôĴΪоֳָ䣬֪һЩģȻ˵¶ûжĹϵҪ˵Ϊоֵˣֳȫ֪ĻҲǲܵ顣
ҶȻΪ˸Լ³ˡ
ѵ˵ΰͻȻ٣Ҳλٽֳڳ飿
ͻȻ뵽һ㣬ʱһľ˼ұԼʵǲ̫Զˡ
еСģ֪Щ鲻˵ڣҪǵҶ棬˵˺ΰĻֱӾͻᷭġ
Ҷֳΰ¶ûɶϵͰ͵˵ʵһ飬Ҫľо־Ǹ˵ǹʹģ˼ָǾʹ
⻰˵ĵǹֱ׵ģʵֻǸ˵ǹʹȻ˵ְ֮㣬ܶྯٶӵԼķ·ӣһ£־͵ĻţƵľֳҲˡ
ץˣ˭⣿Ҷʵ
ͻʱȺڱ׷˻ſڣΰߣ׷ȺڵʮͽץһЩ¶Ź̵浽˾˾ţɽƽ졣
Ȼ˵ҶĶҶӳֹδܹ顣
Ϊ飬ҶӳҲţɽ˸浽˾ίҶүӵŭĹ൱Σա
һҶҪԴҳɶ߶ĻһҶүӳһҶӳ˳ٿǷܹţɽһӣԲ˶ߡ
˵ʵڻţɽҪͶ˭ҶǹܲŵģҪҶҵ˵ʯˣһˣĻǾеˣҶҵĵһϽתģ
ΪɱӺ˿һҶҵֶΣһЩСǣҶҲ춯صĻ浱Ҷҹˣ
Ҫ֪ԴҶ;֮ҶԻ͵ʱŽȿһСƪ¶ѣϷںͷأ
Ҷʣ޴ӶܣȴǾԼС첲šȣɵЩ׳˵ҶᣬȴҲǼϹŽǵĴֺαΪЩȶ¶Сƽеһ̯ˮѾãһܹģ֮ƨɾˣЩˣҪԵĿɲһ˵Ĵô죿ҿԲԼİΣһСôأͿŹЩСɣ
ǸܵвȻһʱѪͷ˵һҶǰƺۣ
١˵ôҶŹڵϵ䣬ʱЩЦá
û뵽ĶֱǶ˰
תһ룬Ҷڰƽеĺڶ֮ҲеЩġ
߶ڵ̫һоֵĸֳڱų𣿣
ˣӳɺͳҶҡҡͷ
ȴǷƺЧȻ䱾
ҶʣıǿˣЩ֪ôˣʵûмô鰡
䴷ض㣬ޣŪҶҲЩķˣɵýһڵ飬ôҲоֵĸֳĸɲ𣿣ҷһ仰ƽеôأǶ˵ίİӣҲҪ֮Էǳһηζ
ƾʲô俴˿ҶȻСһ£еı黹ԲžӶ࣬ƽпǸʡУίʡίίεģôױȥηģ
Ҫ˵ƽеİ棬һˣ鵱УҶѲ˭ԴУɱڣ
伸Զ϶ֻҪǸ߲˾ģ˲ӣҲûа취ϾӰ̫ĻҲ޹⡣
Ϊˣ¹ˣҲԸ˵Լ֪飬˰Ϣй¶ȥԼһ˵ѱ
ǲҵĻҶһĲţ㷴ʵ
ҶҶֳܵСʵ¶Ѱ졭ʾǰСʱס棬˺ܶˣ죬кܶҰɧţЩˣ˾ŻǹȥҰЧܲãҰûиߣȰѲ˵ظ̤һͿǰ硣
Ҷ佲֪Ҫʲô˼
ҶҶֳǴˣҪԵľЩҰҾǿĲ˵һòˣͰ͵˵˵ϣӲдأǱҰȸϡã
٣ҲϢҶˣɵҲЦ
Ȼ˵˵ĻеǴϵ˼ǱȽģˣܶҰ׷ᣬô˵ȾˣҰϲߣٻʱǻ䱾ģ䵣ĵҲһ㡣
ǶҶԣҪһڰƽоԼƽи涼ǳϤĵͷ¶ȻǸֳǴ˵Ļ˹ƻȥҶдձˣΪԼĿ·ȷ档
ǣҶ˵ƽ˵أʰ
˭˵ءͷ
ҲǴ񣬶ˣŴײˣϣҰһ꣬ϣվҷһһǰ̳Ҷʵ
Ҷôһ˵Щ죬ѵ˵ҶɹµģֻǲҶȻǸٽֳоͨĲš
װ˵
֪ʲô𣿡Ҷ˸֪µҩǲϾͷģǾͷʵ
оֳָҶٽЩֹͷ
֪Ұ˭үү˭ҶүүҴ󲮡˭Ҷһü⡣
ô֪˵Ҷ˶ȥ
ҰҶƽүүҶǬҶүүҶҴҶӽҶҶӳЩ˵У˵ֱҶʵ
ҶǬ԰һλȻ֪⻪Ĵϵ¸صĴˣҶӳѵǾıҶӳн
Ҷͷ˵ѵϰҶƽȻһû𣿶үΪί׳Ҳ󰡣˵˾һ˲֪Ľɫˡ
Ҷϵġӣɴ۾Ͱ͵ʵ
Ҷͷ˵˵һˣҪҰڳôһȺһû˵ǲֱĴˣ
Ҳһ飬ԼҶȻϲȦ棬˻㣬ܹ֪ҶүӵȻ֪ܶ࣬˵ľͺˡ
Ϣڱǰ԰һ£ҲǼ׵鰡


361 ҵͱˣ
Ҷϵӣһ䡣
ϻҶ˸۵˵ӵģʲôʱ˵үүģ
Ҳáôõүү˭ϰ
һҲǣΪгίĴصĶ׳ҪҶǬүүˣ治һСĿ
ôһҶ϶۷ˡ
Ҷֱʵǿӵǿ󱳾Ĵڳѵ仹ᵣ˶
һҶ߶ķչ֮·Ҫ˳ˡ
ȻˣҲһȾŬܹҶۣ֮С
˭֪֪Ҷ֮¶ĲǾȻ߰ݷһֺɸһ
ҶֳҶοأαأ߷Ȼغȵشϼ꣬Ҹطһ½𣬽һλ˲õĴαΪЩС£Իǰ̣Ҫ𣿣ûϣ˭ûмӢΣӢҪ۵ģΪӮϰյһƬԼǰעѺȥֵô
ôһͨҶЩˣû뵽ôһֽ
˵ĻʵҲû൱ص
ֵôҶĬһ£Ȼ˵⣬û濼ǹ
ҶļԣȫҲûеڶˣ游͸׵д󲮶ùü˵İкܶҶϵ֧֣Ҷƽƽʡ쵼λҲɵģοҶ˳ûеľ֪ȾܣôõֻҪõǶĻᶼǺܴġ
ƫƫϰҪôжһֽȻ˵ıȽϹ񫣬ĶͷҲվЩȻڱQǽһʲôͺ˵ˣߣ֮Щ˶Ϊ谭ҶǶ
˵ĻҶ֪ҽһ°ɡҶתεУ˻֣ʾҲ
Ҷڱڰƽе飬Ҳһ亹ȻҲܺ棬ҶὲһĹ£
Ҷһ̣һӸ䣬ȻԼҲһ֧ϣȻʼ
90ɶһҵСԭֳ˳¹¸ںΪάƣ齨һ֧ɥֶӣձڻɥȢ̿ҵӪ֮СͬʱСȴظһǮˡ

֮Сչʻع飬Ҫɷ¹飬ҪŮСԪĸȨ˭ܸŮһܸ٣ḧȨĹؼ
¹ϣŮһĸټңΪ˵õŮĸȨѹ෽ΪŮٵǮĴܴ޹£ǱգŮԼֳĺøǣҹѧУ͵٣Ȼȴֱ˷ֱץ
еİ취ʧܺ󣬳¹żȻһڸٵĶףǡ
һͷԼһܸ١¸ڵĸԻڱڹĹǣ浡ͷ硢֡յҲԱɽˡ
صѽڷԭֳصůļưܵĳ÷ĻȻ죬ֻĽͨ

ҶµʱԺи˵ӰеĻ棬Щ¸ڹǣüķͭĴһܸġֵ١
ǿھµУܳء䡢ġֵ١˵տĳ룬ʱĵԳϲսᣬߵԼĶ棬һɱ֮
ǳɹˣȻ¸סˣʵ
ûСҶĴԵЩᣬȫйͳĴԲ֣ͷ˵ĹƵ̴ѣǼձ̴Ѿʮ£漸˵Ͷɳǳеر꣬Ǽգǹȥʱļֻ֤ڴȺңУ̴ѱƣ˲䣬̳𡣡
ôˣͻȻЩغΪʲô㲻ܱһһĹ½ô
˥ǵĳСɢļͥƶƵľ飬ϲձƽ⣬һЦĸо
еԼؿµûţҪйȴҲйĿӣƵҪҪҪǰһС
ҶĹеЩ壬ƺĵȴִһַǳϤĸоƺǷڰƽһǸеİƽֳҵȴڸƵĴбƷд͵ڵء
ҡʱг߼Ͳ飬᲻ɵ٣ڹ˼ʧܵʱĵ漣ʵֻһεղס¹ֵŮһܸıٵǸҲܸı乤˼ʧܵˡҶ֣صض˵ũĵֵ´ӿУΪҵ󱸾˳йϾľҵҵ˵ƶҲʹаСʵʧȥ칤ǰСʵı˵ضײ㣬ʵϣȫᡣ
ҶĻش
Ϊһھս߹˲ʮϾ죬ЩֱϵĸɲǲһְһطܶģƽеĸҲġ
ְһֱҲһЩĲ鲻Ը飬Ǵӱ˵һˣ෴У֮ģ
ҲΪʲô֪ھƵ˳ǹоķ֮ȻܹԸֳ֮ʿ
ǻһһֻٷƵĸɲһ
ӢȻһʧȥԼǾƨҲǣ
˵ʲôԶڴҵУ˵õɣֶ˵ֻˣ㵹һ԰վ˵۰
Ҷ˽սԸܵһŶȼţһЩ
Ҷܹܵеֻһֻ֪ٷƵĹţҶֺαظ˵ôϻ
úһ룬úһ˵ĻҽĹ£ʵǹ£ֻǷߵһ顣ҶվļͷпŶ˵ĳЩĺնϣͻָ¹ı硣úһ뱻ҿóһĵˣ
Ҷ˵֮󣬾شӷ˳ȥ˻ҵ˼֮С
ƨǹƨҵͱˣȻ˵ƨ£ΪʲôҪðźӱŪķգЩҶʶ˳ͷ
ҶˣЦЦ˵˻оȵġ


362 ̯
ƽӵְˣҵܡ
ھʮ֮ǰƽҵ÷ǳ㣬ȫضǵҵ磬ÿ괴󳬹ڣڰƽҲھصĴҵаƽչһЩҵҲչĺܲ
ҵȦΧľʮˣһģСĵؼеĳ˿ڹģ
ֻǽʮƽЧ濪ʼ»ǰ˾޶½ȥ꣬ڴӯʼС𣬵˽꣬Ѿڵľ޴ȱڣ˸еǳ𾪡
ƽе쵼ձΪƽѾ޷پӪȥڻЩֵǮĶʱ򣬴ȥһЩʽ𣬷Ļٵһζʱ֮󣬾ĻҲûˡ
ɴծ񸺵İƽƽɶʡ޴ķգпܻϿ尲ƽеľ÷չѴҶٲС
жϣίʣƽʲͬծһۡ
԰ƽ˽ж٣Ҷ·ϵʱѯʵ
ҾǴӸӵܣϾǱ߶ҶϤȻҲһЩ¾ǻ϶ûгԭķΧҶ͵
ʱѽҹʮһӣΪȽȵĹϵļǺдڼģ׷ҲǱȽڿ¸ڹˣ˵̯һЩƷļСʲôġ
Ҷ̸һ֮¶˾ģҶˡ
ҲҪҪҶһҪźӵȫ
һӷȥģȫŶӸ֧żҪʲô̵ģʹˣǰҶ˵ģ˵Լȥ참ʮ»ز˼ʱͨѶҲ㣬˲ˣһֲٰĺ¡
ҶʾȫҪⷽĵǣȰźӸŪȥԽĺ֮ǣΪҶ¡
һҪĳ֮󣬾һзˡ
ϣʹҶƽ˵ƽܹƽɶʡڹƷĺ⡣
ڶĲⱣҲһģʽ
о߶ľûй滮һƬһƬҲ͸İһϸ˽׾ˡҶȦ֮󣬾;Լеǲסʱ·ˡ
ʮǣʱҲα·ˣһѶɢֵòһˡ
ƽķӣʵûʲô滮߶Ҷɻ֮󣬾Ͷ͵ʱｨʱ򣬹ҲûпǹôĹģǻһƬأһֽһסլ滮ǺǷӵʱ򣬻϶ǹԼֵľӶ࣬ʱķӺܶ࣬һǼʮˣôպš
Ҷ˵ͷҲ֪
ڹǰĸڴҵСܱ߶ԣûϸĹ滮׼Ժĸҵ籦ҵѳְıȽԶҲǿƹ滮ġ
ִ͵ĸҵȾȷѾǰĸҵиĹۣǣֳ滮;ΰţҲûרŵĹ滮׼
֮ܶһձڵ⡣
ⷽûҶ˵
Ҳȫʱ˵һ乫ͱɣƽн16000Уʮƽͼ8000໧Ҳνﻧ
ﻧʩססªݽṹϻΣڽϴȫоˮδˮļ7400໧ί߶ӰƽﻧǨ칤ȥ6·½ļԷСþ1200໧ĿǰƽδˮĵľİǨ칤괺ڼ䣬ٿ˰ƽҵйЭᣬȷҪƽﻧסǨʵʩȫʽְס⡣
ôôҶЩ
ҵĹΧ֮ڵ¡ȻػشɷҲһ鷳¶ӵʱ鷳׳⣬ÿһоֶóľάЩҿҲͼˣϾԼϽ
ǸøɲҶ֮󣬵˵ͷ϶رʾ
Ȼ˵ǺøɲǾһ¡Ц˵
һҪεģҲǸѡҶЦЦҪȥǻ鷢չҶ԰ţҲһһḱɣܼܲͿǲǹŬˡ
ҶĻеЩеĸо
ְҶ棬ƺ͸ֵǮĴײһʱ䶼滮ˣ֮
Ҷûи򸱲İƱĻ϶ΪҶֻˣˡ
٣Ǳ߶и̯ӣȥһ룿俴·߶и̯ӣҶ
Ҷһ۹ȥͼ·߶Ļ·棬һһڰ̯۶
̯Ӳ󣬾һֳ棬Ū˸ϽСӣܶŲһȴڷ棬ģ̶ۣƤƤˮ֭νʲôĶȫ
ģȥˣǾºһ¡Ҷ˵ͷͬˡ
۶̯ϵһһ٣ϵǸͷʹʮˣ˵ǳúܾʰҲܸɾСǸСŮȥʮӣŻȹӣͷƤ˼βͣഺϢ
Ҷ߹֮󣬱ҲشչˣȻСʮŶˣǰͷСŮһ
۳ЩʳǣɶƲһģͲˡ
ͷ̯ӵһ㣬˶һЩϾͲһˣֻӴ˶ʮŶˣܹҲ˼Ǯ۶ǲ٣̯أͻȻôһ󲦶ˡ
˵ɣӦǺ⣬ǿЩ˳ֵôͻأͷеëˣҪֳ֪߶ô̫ƽǰЩӻ˵ڰʲôš
ЩˣǴ˵еЩӰɣ
⡭ǶҪ̯ˡͷû뿪ΪãϾԼСŮôƯѱЩһͲǺ˵Ŀǣ˼
Ҷˣͼ滹вٵ۶ֿ˿ͷı飬ٿԼЩǣʱЦˣ˼ҲҪ£ǲǺᣬֻǳ۶ˡ
˵ţҶͳһһٿĳƱݸͷ


363 åҪ
ôǮͷЩΪѵز˲֣ȴûȥǳƱֻҡҡͷҲ
ˡҶָָԼЩ˵ôˣЩ۶ҲͶԲˣǲ֪һٿǮ
˹ˣҰƤƤҲ˰ɡͷҶôһ˵ʱ͵ͷ˵ֻ⻹ռıˡ
˵Ǹϵģ̯Ҳף˵ҲǮҶ˰ֵ
ǺãλϾͺáͷͦ˵ģкŴȻŮһۡ
ʮˣΧĸΧĶľͷСʣоıȽһЩʵϣܶС棬ҹе̯Ρ
ͷ۶ԲԲһ̶һòĽԲ̣ž緽ԲӴܶСݣСԲ۶һϸϸͱ˳
ͷĶܿͻʮ룬СҲŪϣŪףƹ˿ŪĩܿͰϡ
СͦƯģϸУСֽȥͦкģʵ
С￴һۣһȻͷɻܹȥүүȥˡ
̯Ȼ󣬵ʰͦģϲøɸɾûһ̯ҲĸоҶҲͦ
˵ʵС̯ϳԶ
ҲǴˣԲŸ۶
׳ƽӷ۶ΪǸ۵СִһҶܵʵⶫ׷ģӪʲôҲ̸ϣ伢ǿԣԵǲŵĩ࣬Ƚˬ
ҶԶһЩĩ࣬һԿӰ˰裬棬Ȼһֱ嶥ţȻǽĩζֱӳͷˡ
ˬҶһӷ۶ȥ̾˿
ʮ˶룬ӷ۶ҲԵεΪ׳ۣƽʱٻôͬʱò͵ľ
ܣӷ۶һгԶԶغ
ˡͷЦŻش
٣ⲻ˿һۣͷһȺΧʱô¶ˣǸͷһ䣬ųˡ
˼ҾǸֳ˰ڳԣ˸ղŵ龰ʵ
ס˼ʮˣҲʮˡͷᵽ¶ҲЩпǰ澰ҹеĺܶ࣬һζΪҪˣҲûʲô˼Σ˵Ժܲй⣬ǻúһЩҲҪʱҴˡ
Ҷ˶ֽ촽һ¡
ʵͷ˵ĻҲĿǰеһձ⡣
ǰҶǸҴ򹤣Ҫϰ֮⣬鼸òģǼ渺صģܻһЩԶԣƽû̫ķա
ڲͬˣҵ͹˵˲һɲˣƲľҪƲ¸ڵľҪ¸ڣһҹ֮䣬Ҷʮͷˣģȴᡣ
νᣬһֺ˵ʵЩ˾ûȥˣԼ취ɣȻ˵Ҳϳ̨һЩչ¸ڹ˵ߣǵ֮󣬵طǹ˲Щ˵ġ
ֳĹ˸ڣЩʲôʵ
Ͳ˵ˡͷ˿ҶˣǾͲǵ˰
ţǲǵˡĻѻǳǰֳҵֳǷʮļӹһιǿܲܰǷҪģ˵ֳҪˣ
еˡͷ֮󣬸ԷҲҪ˵ģ̾˿ֳҪ˵Ҳ٣ûһҳɹġ
ΪʲôǷծǮ쾭尡ֵطʵ
ⲻҵҪͷ͵ڵʲҪ㣬еʶˣǵǮ϶Ҫȥġ
ȻǴۣôԺҵȥˣծɽֵ˰ʵǲǵȵԺ󣬻лǮҪģ
۵˼˵ʲծ񣬶ɽȫ£ʱȫ˵㣬ʲ䣬ծҲҪģʱҲӦ
ûô򵥵ġͷҡҡͷҿǻǲҪ˷ʱˣûõġ
Ϊɶأʾ⣬׷ʵ
ղˣܴҪǮԱ߶С죬̲סһ
ʲô˶һ㶣Ҷʵ˵ôɺˣ
¶ҲϾǹģľȻǸֳҲȽżһЩЩȽĻ֪ĲǺܶࡣ
Ǹֳ߶Ĺһֳġ
˵۵ĺڹ˾˵
ڹ˾ϰǺߣǰǸֳĻ죬Ϊ͵ֳ豸ץ̣֪ôһƴɱˣǰȻȥһθ۵һҹ˾ͱɸˡͷ¶֪̲֮꣬ס˵˵СͺܴƽеĺڰͨԣһθֳֻҪһǧܹ£öǰϵõĹǶˣСӻ֮󣬸ˡ
٣Ȼ顣Ҷһѵ֪
ô᲻֪СЩ߷ߵ˵ǶϹӣ
Ҷ˶ʱЦ˵öԣеʱ򣬵ٵóװˡ
Ȼ϶˵Ļмַʵʵģ߿϶ʲôˣֳĹ˲ô󣬶ôҵֻһǧ϶ҲǱȽϹģҪ˵ûĻй
ʵϣҶҲҵƵĹУط쵼ĲǳأΪûжרҵ棬ĺĻܹ֮ΪĻϷֹʲжڹ컯֮½еġ
ҵְԣһǮδõóƾʲô̸չҵأ
Բһһǧչ۸Ǹûйϵģ󲿷ֹ˹ĵľһҵ֮Լǲܹ׬һݶнˮҺڣå˶³Ǻ·ˣʲôֱأ
ǹǵί쵼ģڲҲ⸱У
˽Уû̫ķֱֻҪܹӲġ
ȣԽԽˣåҪˣͷЩ߷߲ƽ˵
˵֮䣬ԶĺĦгڲ
⣬ЩСֳˣͷʱЩϽʼʰԼֳʰ꣬ѳֳãҪ뿪
ûмӵʱ䣬ҹͱñȽˣҶæʰйǣҲ׷׻ؼˡ
棬ʱͿտյģֻһص


364 
ͷҶ˴ԶĦзɳ۶СǣǱһ¡
Ҫ˵ͷСǵװҲûʲôرģֻǼ򵥵ذͷһ⣬¶Ƥеģмһȥ񼦹һ
е˹ŰӣеǴźɫT滭һİɫͷͼȥеֲӵĸо
û·Ƶʱƣһ׼Ż˼С
ʮĦп˹ʮˣŮһģѹ˶ˣЩ˭ҲԸǣ˵ЩС棬ƻǹʲôġ
һȺΣշӣ
俴֮󣬾ͶҶ˵٣ʱһܰɡ
Ȼ˵߶ʮڣûбҪЩСǷͻԷҲлǹģһи߻˵Ҷ٣鷳ɾʹˡ
ʲôǶ΢ءҶΪذ˰ֵ
һŶĺˡ
¶ȷʵеʣ˳ͻùĿ϶ҶˣǹС죬ôȵùǹ΢ֱ
аϣЩСʵһԼǳǷҶԲǴ򲻻ڵĹԺӣ͸ҿǹ˾ģСײϵĻǼһʰһ
Сǿ߶ΣҲе졣
û뵽ˣô۶еаŶһСЩԾ˵
СĶǲܵŮǾôȷʵˮ鰡һϴźĻ쿴ͷŮ󣬶ʱ۾һ
ǰǿ磬û뵽ܿƽʱŶġССĶͷش
˵үϲ׳ݵģǰСȥƻܸ˰ɣϴźǿԼĹͷѰ˼˵
ⲻðɣСĶеɵ˵˿˾Ͳˣ㿴ô˶ڳ۶ء
Щˣ㿴Ӿ֪ˣƽִˣǿǷǳһ۾ͿҶǲǱˡ
ȻҴĶǼ򵥵ĳ»TǺԳ۶ЩϴĶǼֵƵƶǿȻ֪ЩʲôӣǿóЩT϶ǳֵǧԪϡ
ֳ߶ˣô·Ȼǲܵġ
ȻһȺˣôȻûȤ֮¶ˣңǿǵǹģȻֻƵǹ
ҿЩ˲ǺǵġСĶ˿Ҷˣܾеͷ
ʲôкүǰ涥ţʲôĵģǿһ¶Ժֳ˺үֵҲ÷ư
СĶһʱЩĶЩδؾ͸¶ϾزģǾͶԱ߶ļС˵СС߶ܼҵѾͷߣȥү
˵ȻԶκҶĶĿһЩƽϡ
йһڣ˵䣬Ǳ̾ʹ뿪ˡ
СĶ˼˾͹ˣ˵סСˡ
ǸʲôſңСǾţҴ򣬵С첲ֲȣСǵĶ֡
ͷһʱҲˣӶŲ˵ͳ˹ſŮȺޣ
УͷˣСĶͷƤһͷĲ˵һ
ͷĲ˵Ȼû·ȹ㣬磬ǰѼСǸƵæңСǾҲûһС֣Ҫ
顭һǹ졣
жʱһɻҩζ˶ʱͣ
ֻǿ棬һƵǹǹð̣ٸҶǣ
СĶ˳˶ס˵ĻᣬСǾˣϵĦгϣ˳Ӿͷɳ۶ȥ
ͷŷӦһŵȴһǹ졣
ǿеĻǹȻûж׼ͷǹװɰǦ裬֮ûʲô׼ͷһһƬͷ˲ʱѪֱðһ͵˵ϡ
ܡ
ʱΧķ棬ͳܶǣŹ˵ʲôģȻǹ˳ȴܵ˵ϣѪֱ
ǿһƣʱҲеȻ˶࣬ҲȲϸֳļ˶ڣ¾һ֣һĦеĺ棬һСˡ
ʱھǷ׷ܹڵϵܣҪȥҽԺ
СǾˡܿź
Ͻȥ˺
ҳһŶֳ߶Ȼɳǵʱ򣬹ֵҲûмҸݴҵӡҲʲô飬Ǳ˿ʼܵ·߶ķ磬õ绰оִ绰˵Ǹ߶ǹܰǸϽ
ôǶ֣俴߶Ҿ֣Щʵ
С죬õĶ֣ȻǴȥǾץˣνĸ̣ǸʲôҶش
ҪⷢӰ۾һ
Ҳ߰ɣҪһġҶЦЦ
СǹʱҶǴְæģôҲܿС۸˲ǣЩ˾ȻҪץסС͸ߵʱͱˡ
ƽе飬ҶӳܱҶүӣҶǳջɶ˵ţɽϳ¼ҵˣֿ˽ͬ־ö֣ǰƽЩȴǻӣûм¶Ҳ
ԣҶһιҲҪѰһѰƽеĻġ
ȻƽܰѰƽһåͷӣôåĹϵ϶ǺģҶмڴˣȻҪȴåͷӺүȻͲҲƽе鷳ˡ
ԭһ֪ôʰүأںãֳɵģδŮǹѮˣͷϣҲˡҶ˵
ȻòҲʾǿ飬δõºүо߶ץġȻѾˣоҪĻҲҪȵˡ
ǶƨãԼ֡ҶȻһЦ
١һȻܵ˲ҶƨҲ֮ȥˡ
߶ҺģҶ˳ȥ·߿˳ӣȻһ·˳ȥ
ǰȳȥļڸţǲõĸˣϾмҡ
ԼСʱ֮󣬳ӾͿһĲС棬ֻСƻԻͣӷ洫˳ƮúԶ
Ǻүĵ̶ˣǰͷͷǺйʲôͶʾƻᡣ俴˿ΧĻ֮󣬾ͶҶ˵
طͦ󰡣ҶһһĲķҲжʮˣɵЩͷ
ˣҲǲʮҪץˣҪˣеѶȡ


365 ͷһǹ
Ǻߵգڼ˸ƻᣬд˵вƽеͷ˵ίƤθ󣬳гʯˮίǼ澯ֳ䣬Щ˶ˣֱҲû뿪
ߵСط󣬶бڶػţȫȫҪǡ
ҲЩˣ͸ȥԼӡ
ڸ۵һӣ߸Ǳ߶ֻǸ۵û죬Ǳ߶ģԺ߹ȥһȦҲûжķչǸڵйһЩ¶ݵֶѧһȫ
һλص˰ƽУ߰ѧı·ӵ˼£һ֮£Ȼ̸˹ƽ⣬˵ֻһǧְİƽ׮ú߸еǳˡ
ΪӰƽߺļֵж󣬹豸һ֣Ҫ˵ЩԴм˲š
ȻˣʲҲеģ߶һʮ֮ͨˣϾ·ˣܹʣֵʼݼ
ͨȡ˰ƽȻҪ׷󻯣ðƽְҪ¸ǧ˲ܹʵԼĿꡣ
ı׶ˣҲģ˸£Ȩ壬ӵ˴ڣְУƽʱ¿ҲҪǧϣЩǱ߳ȥġ
ȻֻһͷӣǺֶεģͨ˰ƽϲͬʱҲ˸ֲгķչ
ڷչزгؿʼľ̵УʲôȱģȻǸֲԼˮ෽ĸˡ
пǹֱӴӸ۵Ǳ߶һŶӹֶԸҵڰƽиЩ㣬Ŀϵġ
ɳ棬һƣһڣ΢һЩɬĸоԼת
һƣֻвһЩɬŻдζ̲ס̾˿
Լôĥ£ŵͷѪнûӣҲ˼ǿһǹɱ˻ǿչ˰ƽ
ڣίǶԹԵԼڲ
Ǿ仰˵ʲôţֺ࣬
ÿһ뵽仰ЩԼδҪƽеͷҹߣҲųΪܹµĴ
ȡѣ˳ͬӪ֮ͬ⣬ԼЩίǺгʲô
үǿӺСĶǻˡһ½Ժ˵
ʲôЩõʵ
Ǻ밲ƽи߹ٵӣƽʱЩȽϰ۵Сǣʹ򷢵ˣʡõԼķݶĶǱȽϿ׶ǣһЩǸڸ۵һӵǣЩ˲ŵùֵ
ǿӺСĶһѧù˵Ǹ»ش
ģӲָ¶ɣǽһ䣬ȻͷԸ
и񱣬Ƚϲ׳ݵģһ˵ѧãʱȤ
ڵزͬ۵۵Ǳ߶ķŵúܣٳƤĲѧãʮͳĲֻǲҪþץסûʲô⣬ڵؾͲһˣܹѧãԺ֮ͷǳȤ
ֲлӣǿҲҴԼ١
ףү綫ٱɽǿӺСĶ֮󣬾ߺ٣ȻŰܵŮǾ˽
ףԭСѾͷ߿Ǿ֮۾ʱһ
СǼģһȥƽ̸⣬·߶̯ϣ߾ͿڰүүʰǾǶ࿴ۡ
û뵽ǿӺСĶȻôɫȻס飬Ǿץ˹
ءСֺͽŶţҲճסˣֻܵ۾ŭŶԷ
үãȸˡǿӺСĶ˵
ţߵ˵ͷȻǷǳ⡣
ǿӺСĶ֮СĶЩ˵ǿ磬ǮûУ̫Ŷˡ
㶮ƨǿСĶŶһ£ǳǮĻ¶ĨƽˣүǮǾǾ¶ȷʵ˼͸أ
ŶԭӰ˵ӦǺ¶ˡСĶ֮󣬶ʱ
ȻǺ¶ѧŵɣСӡǿ˵
棬Ͱ˵ȸˡ
ϳ壬ú߸еһҪй
Ǿϵ˴ϣȴָеЩ㣬ְǾϻɳϡ
СŤ壬ȻֽűţӲϵŤţܺߵ֡
ģٶӳ㣡߽ȵľƲ٣жеٻʼղҪ죬ɵЩŭ
Сų£Żȹӡ
߿˿˫ץסĻȹӣ΢һֻáꡱһȹӶʱ˺ѿ¶İɫȹ
ȹֻСĴסһʱڵƹ֮£СԵ£ʱ˺ߵĿ⣬žþòƿĿ⡣
ǿӵͦɫģ֪ϲʲô߾ԼĳλѾӲԱ߶ľƱһڣȻʣµĴ뱭ƣСȥƶʱɫĳ¸Ⱦ졣
СصطӦţú߹Ц÷ǳȤ
׼һжʱ򣬺ͻȻ⴫һ죬ײš
ţһ£عͷȥ󿴵ʱȴûзʲô쳣
ɻʱ򣬾һ죬ƺһУʵľžͺǱײһ㣬ķѡ
ߵͫͻȻһͿһѵľмԼıǼ˹
͵һӣ˷ľмžͿ˴󺺣Լкڶǹڡ
ģȻ΢壡ߵһ£˶Էõɵôʧɫ
ƺоֵ̾Ҳûôõװɣ
ǹеߣԼҲղ˼ֻǹȻϵóԷõĲйɫгɳĮ֮ӥ
ЩˣƲ
ߵķӦʱˣƷһӣ˳󺺣Լȴشײ˳ȥ̨档
ߵķڶ㣬һץס̨ıԵȴط˳ȥ־Ȼ൱һû³ȥѾҡҡλε˸˱Ĳݵϡ
Ȼ֮䣬ǰкӰڻζ
һ̧ͷͿһֳ΢壬תǹڣֱøǹмԼ˹
֮߾;ԼϰصһԴײƫ˹ȥһѪ˳мҲѪ˳ȥ
ܳ˭ͻϮӣڻ֮ǰһͷȻڲ²Էʲôˣ


366 Ҳǹ٣
ôô򰡡ҶűԼһǹдڵصļһЩ졣
Ա߶俴˾Ʋ٣Ǹֵǹаûа˼ҵԴ飬ѾǺѵˡ
ϣûд򻹵취ƺ󡣡Ҷһ䣬ýŲŪһǼһԴʾˡ
С俴˶Էףɵ˵٣֪˭𣿡
ѵǺߣôɰɣҶЩʵ
һôæʵ϶ں߾ǳʲôӣ˵һ֪ҶĽĸסĳڣȥŷ˷ˣһɻ裬˳ǹֱӿǹȫвԻжԷ
ҶȻҲ̵ġ
֮ǰҶ˵ߵıϳǹеʲôģģֻǺڰƽӵкܴҲΪİףȥϳѣ¶Ҳ˹ʡ
ҶҪץץ֤ݵĻֻҪΧסⶰ֮󣬾һʧ
Ǻߣڰƽʶ治ࡣҲ˵ϵĺһţегɾ͸С
ͶҶԼôýŲȺߵĻ᣿ֱǲܵġ
ڼ䣬˴¥ԺҶ˸ŵˣֱ˩һȻϻ˱档
ʱĲ¥ѾҶѲˣһܻʮеģжʮŮġ
٣ǲѾڿڴأһӾץʮŮ˵
СӵǻڡҶ˵ͷȻʹ¥ȥ鿴
ڰƽеĵͷϣǵͷߣźø߾ЩʲôҲס֤
¥֮󣬸һƿţ汻һĹƨ֮˻ˣЦ˵٣ˣ
涼ʲôˣ춨ɣҶɫ̣ɵЩʵ
Ȼܣɶʡί춨Ļ黹ľͲðˣô˵ʡίǶǹҵ棬ץסҲ÷ŵֳˣǲҸġ
뵽ֿԣҶҲЩͷ󣬲ץʡίǰɣ
ȻˣҶҪǺҲδؾͲˣֻ춨ıҲдֵ֧ģôɾǺݺݵشˣԺǲݵĶˡ
Ȼǣһ۾˵Ǹ밡
춨棬ɴһͷײʡ¶һЩҲ۲Ĳˡ
ίƤθ󡣡شггʯˮίǼ澯ֳ䣬һίǣм졣
٣⵹ãòǵİѱءҶϲ
˵סʡίûӽסίʲôģҶûʲô˾һмҶо͸Ҳࡣ
Ҷҵŭ𣬻ֵһ
¼ûлĻ桭Ҷתһ룬̾˰š
ûģô㣿һںʵ
β㰡Ҷ˵
Ŷ֪ڶʱЦ
¾˰Ƥθʯˮ仹ίץ˹ЩŮ쵽һųһţӥ׽Сһһһһ
ίǣƤθ󣡡Ƥθ󺰵
شֱӾһǹУƤθһƺߡ
սսģίǶˣʲôʵʵͺãֻǲ֪Щ˾ʲô·ôĿʲô
ôǷǾֳ䣡еģڰƽĵϣȻ˸ҶԼοںߵĵ̶ϣڰͨԵĺߵļô
žشӣһмܳľֳӻǵһμǰƽлǳⰡʲôϡ¶У
˱ýп죬ȴǽ䡣
Ϸ飬Ǵ˳ȥĻɶӰ죿
˵ǼҪ꣬ʡίʡ棬ҲشĸӰ죬ʡί춨Ҳ븺ͬ־֣Լʧְ
ǵʲôˣƤθеĵʵ
ҪˣҶһְ̰丯棬ð̣Ϸֹʲ˽ǹе֯кʵ壬֯ŮܲͼǿδŮ㻹л·𣿡
ǹٷˣƤθûбҶŵǴĻ棬ĥһζ
һĺڵĻǲ˵ôķϻġ
ǹٷĻʲôôȻܹ֪ƽУһûвأ
ƤθԼҲһԱ飬ҲôһɣΪʲô֮ǰȻһûд
ҶûƤθֻʵһǺ䣿
Ǻ䡣ίǡֳӲͷƤش
Ȼ˼Ҫʣǿ϶а취ģǸղɤ˵ԼǺ䣬ǾֳţԺܹˡ
СֶȻҵ˶ץҴԩıӵˣҶһǹ˹ȥҵĺͷѪֱð
ڰ￴߶ҶĶ˺Ҳɵһ飬˵ҶͲֶȴҲ֪ôģη
ЩУҲ͸ݽɣ
ȴĪ˵һץ˴ԩ˲֪һˣ
ôһƺеˣԭǺ˼ң˴ۣ˲ɵԹص
ϺΣǳĺ£гʯˮԹ
Ȼ˳֮꣬˵ȻܽţҶĿƺֲǹҵˣ򲻻˵ֶΣ˸еͿˡ
ʲôҶǹӣ˵Ƕһ֮ѣָһǷ𣿡
㵽Ҫô죿ίƤθʵҪǮǸ㣬ԴǷҪɱٵĻͷ˴ˣ֮Ҳûǵ֮
٣Ҳǹ٣Ҷ֮󣬶ʱЦ
Ǹļںܶ˿Ǹ߹ˣ㲻һԱҲƹܵطһŵĴҶУ㲻ʲôһʡԱίԱǲĹ٣ֻǴѡ
⽮⽮Ǵο⼸⽮㲻ϣ
ƤθʯˮˣҶЦ﷢ë֪ʲô˼ֻý̫ùˣԭֻһͨ־ۻᣬȴΪЩ˵ͻȻ֣ص֡
ǲǹ٣ѵǹ٣䱻ûðɣʱ̲ס


367 ˾
شģһǹС
һδùݵģҲ³ŴѪĴ
ۡ³˴Ҳ˵ˡ
˭ոձŴĻ϶Ҳ˵һʹ̣һͻȻȱڣ߷©Ӧ
·ߡҶĻ˸еɱڣһǸ߹齻¼ǩ֣ǻȥڶһѻⶰ¥档ֻһСʱʱ䣬ԼŰɡ
һںϵóһֱӣʱ11Ȼŵ棬ָָ12λãȻһըƵ飡
Ҵһ϶е˼ˣǷֿ˭Ƚˣ˭ȻؼҡҶԸȻֲһ䣬ҷйŶ
֮СǱһ棬汣ǹǣʣµ˼дЩ쵼ǣǵĴ¼ȻǩֻѺ
֮߳ҶһýջС
٣㲻Ҫɣʵ
ȻᡣҶЦЦҪĻɾʹˡ
ҶûɥĲҪһͼɲԶŶѣЩǣȻѵķ
˶¥ʹӸղźǸ䵱Уҵ˻ŵСǾ
СɫףȻܵ˲СľţʱͷɢңȹҲ˺飬̶̵ĳȹڲסϵĴ⣬׳Ҳڷմգͺֽ϶ţȲ˵ҲߵֻҵϷ£ӿڱзص
һԼ񲻴ʺϴǾĵ˳ȥ
ҶؽճСϵĽ˺
Сþȫ
㿴ˣңղų۶ǸҶС˵
˭֪СķӦͦģһھҧסҶơ
СҶһϽָ˳ٿƵʱ򣬾Ͷ˼ӡûҧƤǹ۵ģɵŭ˵ʲôҧˣҶ־㣬㵱㻹ҧ˰
ôһСһҶȻſ
ôһޣҶҲ˼ˣ˵ˣҸֽŽ⿪
ǾǿӺСĶýúʵҶһѲֽСĵظѽпӣȻ˺ǰʱһСڵϣ
ҶСһӣŰѪ
ֻŮСȹ⻬ϸ壬ȥޱȣҶ˼£ǾЩˣһ̲ס쵽ȥĴȣ̧ۿʱСĳȹ棬ͨͼķɫڿԼǰζջ
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Ҷ˿Ǿ¶ĴȣͽĻȹ˹Ȼ˺ˣбô䣬ϵһᣬǿȥҲһС
ǡϳ۶ǸˡǾϳҶ
ϵʱ򣬳۶ҶǸǾ˺ӡģֻΪǮ󷽣˵ҪľҶСȥֺ˧
Сԣ˧кӵҪȰԪǿܶ࣬ʱؿҶһۣ
ˣղŻҵҧءҶЦ
ҶҲ˵ڻܻؼңױǵ˸ϡ
һΣԼǰƽеĸ߲һ⵽ɶʡķ˵ģǾΪһҪ֤ˣԵ÷ǳҪˣŻؼҿ϶ǲ׵ģû׼ܴҶһ£ûǰǾΪá
үүᵣĵġǾüͷ
Ŷһ⡣ҶȻ뵽Ǿ°ߣܿ϶Ҫģ˳ǿӺСĶ߶չƺܿͻҵ߶ġ
Լ߶һòУҪʳȻ취Ҫתƣԭؼأ֮ǲܹðƽзӦҲɶʡӦĻǰˡ
ҶԸǾԼȻ˳ȥ
߶ϵջ
٣߶ѵƵʮѣǹʮ֧ĥȥŵʽǹѣ΢ѣӵٷһڻ㱨⻹кߵĸ۰Ļն౾õĶǼ֡
һЩһôһѶϸһ¼ЩǺԼ¼Ƶ¼ҿ̶涼ͷģĳЩд档
ҶˣʱЩ㵣û뵽߻ǸȻְܹͨ취ץסƽЩ쵼ǵİѱֲǴյһʲôڴᣬ鶼Ǳ߸ˮģĻҲһͷӳ֣ʲ
鷳ȥһ£ȷһȻǣʱ档Ҷܿ˾
ǰƽеĵͷߣٶĺʡĸɲȽϤеҪҲȷԼյ֤ݣжôҪ
ҲҶע⵽һ⣬Ǿⶰмصģϸһ£Ȼҵ˼ңѽдӶһգװ˴棬ߡ
Щʵ¼񣬺ߺƤθ޷ˡ
٣ںߵķ䴲棬һչдֽͻƽ鱦ѵ˶Ʒһǧҡ¹㱨
٣áҶЦЦֽͻƽ鱦ͳͳߣƷ䵱֤
û뵽ջͦģҲôôһ
ҶûʲôһнɻҪĸһε飬ǰƽеǵԼͷϣΪҶӳҶ϶ǲģЩб˽ңʲӺ¸ڹˣ֯ڶУﲻ
һֽʲôģ͵Ǵҵжˡ
ҲûмʶٵֶδʱȻ߶Ϸˣɵö˶죬ҪȰһ£Ǻתһ룬ǽˣҲ֪ĸ˵ԼŻ˺á
һӣмֻ㱨˵ЩѾвٶʼˣǵݣξǸ֮ĹϵоһЩҷ顣
ãЩҪ¼Ϊ֤ݡҶ˵ͷֿ϶˴ҵĹɼ
Ƥθʯˮ˱ȽӲֱڻûпڣҪҪɫƣҲбڱʾЩƣؼ˻ûн⡣
Ҷʾ
٣ִַˣʱһڳ˽˳ضҶ˵
ʲôҶȤʵ
ִ󣬾ûִִֻˣźö԰ƽ³ɶٳ𶯣Ȼȡ


368 гˣ
ȻǴְҶ֮󣬾Ͳɵð̾
Ǿ򵥵Ѷϳ˻Ⱥе˵ݣһɶ˾ţɽĶţ֣һɶίĶӰ׹Ⲩ
˸ߵĹϵҲ֮ЩᣬҪ˽˾ʲôģһҲףգ˳֣ȴû뵽Ҷһˡ
ǺǣһӣǹˡҶҲеϡ
ôһ׵ʱΪʲôûϳǼΪǾˣطϺٴ򽻵߶Ҳ˽˵ĹϵûиǴ棬ȻͲϵˡ
Ȼϵù鲻ϵã˵ҲǷͬСɣһϽ˾ĶӣһнίĶӣ˲õĴӵܣʱҶץϣҲǸеЩ֡
Ƶش飬ȷʵҪúõضһԽ
ˣȴЩģʡҲˣ˾ǸٽӵܣֻǴУӵܣ˲ͬ˵ӣһϽһнɶĴһֳӿԼ߶ٶһЩҲŲסġ
٣¶Ҫôʵ
ҲõģоֵӲ˭ӵģɶʡί춨ңɶ˾ţɽҲңҶǷǳƶرʾ
оֵȷʵãȻ˵ҶֻһٽٽֱӶгίģǾίܲοһɶ˾
˵ţɽĸҶҶ֣ǾڶгίˣʿǷǳӵģҶΪԼȻҳ֮ţɽա
˵ˣҶүӵݣţɽ
ǵõ˽ͬ־ʶ٣ڱϾûߵί׳λϣô˵ھί쵼¹ģ˵˵ʲô⣬үס˰ѱֱӾʰȻгίǻ㱨Ҳô¶
ǵֲ㣬ԷգҲûƢ˵
£ţɽ϶ǲҶҶֵģǽ˭֪᲻ɱڣɶĵ̶ϣ߻ʵԶģΪǿҶҵĸӣ飬Ҳһִ㡣
ţ˵ҲЩҶһ֮˵һ治ܴˡ
һϼƣ˰취Ҷ֤ͼҪȥţʣʮڿЩ̫ҪСǣԼЩ̫Ҫ֤
ȫĵطǲҡԴ˸е硣
а취ҶԴ˵г
ҶֱӴ˸绰ȥְСʱң洫˿ķ
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ˣǾĳӣɫˡ
ŷĴ󿨳һ˱ģ֪󿨳װȫװʿ
Ȼ˵Դĳһ¼֮󣬵ϵľӣҪί׼浽˵طϣҲûֽˣһ仰˵úܺãϽǣһ˵طϣʵҲô¶ؼҪִΡ
õģԼˡҶ˰ֵ
ӵһʮʿͷһУ٣࣬Ҷ֮˸Ȼѯִʲô
ҶܿͰˣýƤθѺ͵»شΪܡ
ڣһʮҪ˷ԼҪ¼֤Ѻ˾ȻʧҹɫС
ҶıˣЩʵ
ҶɶôõöˣҶҡҡͷ
ˣ֪ҶԸིҲͲˣֻд⣬оĻ
ƺҲΪ䲢û˵оҲз֧Ҫ˵ǹžӵľôʿˡ
Щ˵ȷʵֵá
ֻҲЩ飬û׼˼Ҷء
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мʱܴһȺְˣ֪ǾȻ֮󣬷ǳмҶǧлһ
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֮󣬱˾ͷеԾˡ
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ȵίʼϰʱ򣬴ҾͶ֪Ϣ
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ƤǲڣʯˮҲڣѵ˵һȥˣгʼƲԭ
ίǸг֮䣬ܹƽദģƤθ֮ĹϵҲôƽʱ˹ϵ֮⣬˽ƤθһЩҲǿߡ
ǶƤθֺ֧ڵ˺ߵ飬Ϊ
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ܿյϢ˵оֵ˽ռ˺ߵıѵ˴ķ֤ݣжƷԺΪ׵İƽкἯŵĹǸɷǣŷӣ֪ȥʲôطˡ
ôᷢ飿Ϣ֮ȻǴһ
Ȼ˵ϺåҵļһҲ˵߾һ¶ûУٰƽְǵųӿģ¸ڵѹ̫ˣҪƽеľøϿ壬ԺȻúܣȴԸ⶯ΪѾﻢ£ò鰲ƽȡտ
˵ƤǸʯгȥ˺ףȥˡϢͨˣ¶˵
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ܳʲô¶гʱͼˡ


369 ĴҲȥ
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ͨѶǺܷʱڣίǡг쵼ʧһҲ飬Ϊ˵ˣȥм¶ǲμʲôҪʱ飬Ϣֲ绰ζеġ
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оʲôλһ˲ĸɲǶ֪һЩģǱ߶ΪгίǷģһֳҲ൱ţƵĴȻ˵ζֻٽѣȴ޷Ĵڡ
仰˵ҶʽɶʡɵĻӴĿ϶ʡί춨ǺʵģΪ˼ҵͷʵ̫ˣٽΣһǴ߲ĳЩ־Ӳá
гϵæµ˺һ֮Щεض˵Ƥǵƶ绰оȥļطҶѾüˣҲκλҲϵϡУʯгĵ绰Ҳͨ鲻֪ʯгȥֻ˵ƤǺʯгȥ˺ܼͲˡ
ˣ⵽Ƿʲô飿гһʲôϵֻ벻ͨѣȻ벻ʱƤθʯˮˣѾһҶؽĳһܾ»ء
֮£˵Ǿ͵һȿɣϣҲûƤθ˵䣬ʧٱҲ˹ίƤθ󡢳гʯˮίǼ澯ֳ䣬Լһίǡ
Ľе𾪡
Ȼ⼸˶ƤθΪĵһС壬ѳ˰ƽеĴٷҲгΪͷ۵һû뵽ǾȻͬʱʧˣⲻܲ˵һ¡
Ȼ˵ǵʧԵظеˣȴǲܹӵģܿͽʡί˻㱨
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ʡĴԱͻȻˣһ£ֻ춨ҲҰֱϱ룬ϾȥûиֱӾ򱨸棬δе̫ʵĸо
춨ĥһ£ʹ绰ʡ͹ֵĸˣ̸£ƤθʯˮˣǷʲô飿
724磬˺ߵıѯίƤθ˵ȥ
ʡ͹ֵĹԱͷ
ڴſھͱסˣıڱʾ˵Ѿգ⿪š
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˭֪ڸͲǣֱóһ֤ǣоְ참ȷɶʡҪ𣿡
һ˼ҵ֤̾ήˡ
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ǣϵʱɶʡί鳤ľͳںߵıС
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Ҷãҹǰţʵǲ˼ļҶ֮ȻҲЩ죬ΪǰλоֳָҶʵЩ̫ˣȴûʧ񣬶ǺѸٵؾǰȥסҶ֣̬ȷǳϿҡ
ҶıҲ֮ܵϲ裬Ȼ˵Ϊ˹˴˱˴ˡ
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뿪֮ŴԱ߶˳
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仹һĵӣҶ˵оְ¶ȻܵطԼҲ벿ŵӰ죬ֱӶгί𡣾Ϊ¶춨ҵ״ʱùҲңҪǸˣҲҵϡο¶֮ƨɾˣܹܵõ𣿡
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Լ˶ܵ𷣣ҲǰоֵĸֳȥѣԼҲ㲻ʲô˲õ飬ϾֻһְѣְλеУҶҲһǺ¶
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һҶаյģǾյİƽ˵ķ֤ݣʵʵģʱڳһ˭Ҳ޷˵Լˣֻһˡ
ĽҶǿԽܵġ


370 һȦף
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ɶίԼľʮˣʮںߵı档
׸ί·ľ㱨
һԽҰУ۾⣬˾ٵĻ֮۾˿ĲС˵ͷȻǮ˵ļңǽȥɡ
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ڰţɽһ֮󣬾;ºߵı׹ⲨţֵˣǲǱ˼Ҹˣ
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վڰϣɶ̶ϵ飬¶ǹģӦùɶŶԣоĿŴУǾֳҲǸнѡ
ãţɽܹ˳ίθ׳ĻôԼһΪϽίĿǷǳģţɽĺܽ
׹Ⲩţֵ޼ҲƽЩͷͷ֮ĹϵҲһ㣬ΪһЩ漰˽ʵ飬ܴԴҶһϵˡ
һϵˣȻ󲿷ֶͬʱʧ٣˻ɵǲǱͷˡ
һ룬ʮĴϾҪٿˣܶ鶼ҪڴöȻ֮ǰһЩڲѾĲˣȴҲڹ۶ϳ⣬Ļû֮ǰһжпܷ
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Уٵͬ£˽ǹıǣ˵ͷȻһӣҪָʿǳȥ
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һξ棡Ҷ·ɱۣ
ԼȷʵһελϣĴűˣһʱ֮ܲȥƺҲǸˣԼЩҲ䲻ȥңԷǸڿǹģԼһʿ
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Ǽϣòˡ
ǰ˵׼ֿ
ѾˣھƴһƵĳ棬Ӯ˻һ˵Ļľûʲô·ˣ׹ⲨţСӸ鷳ġ
ʿǿʼ׼ӴϺ̨Ϸʱ򣬴ǽͷϣбĺܶരУǹ
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жʮϵľѻֳڶıУ˾ѻ֮⣬ٻϰֻǹڳˣӶǳǹ
һȦף״Ȼˣ


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ڵʵԱǺԵģҶռͬʱҲռװƣ˭֪ʮѻζʲôڵһʱ֮ڣͿԽ˸ɵʮԼ
һιҲȫװˣҶųǹôҲû뵽ҶȻںߵıһٶŶˣжʮѻ֣
һҪעģƺҶԺҲа˱ĻղǸŲԼϵģǽͷʿҲԼġ
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Ҫһ㣬ԺûʲôڱεĵطΧԺǽǹڣԼĴгֵľѻֵλЩǴھԵλϵģȫûʲôڱΣҲûп̡֯
˵ˣʮŶȫǴ˼ҶǹµģԷ˱͵ƣԼȫֻ¶ǹڡ
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ѾеڣСҶ֮ǰȻֻ֪ʮ꣬ҶҵӣһһٽεоֳָǰʼΪⲻҶҵĲѣҶе£Ҳ쵽ֵزаģҺĻܴأ
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Ҫ˵ɣǴ򲻹ģװԱٵλϣԼռƣʲôȥ˼Ҵ򣿰ɵӣȻɵǻĶģʵԱһĿȻûƨ
Ҫ˵򣬾ôˣƺҲʲô顣
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ŵʱعͷȥһֻۣʱĴѾɾˣֻѾӰ
Ҳ֪ȥֻ֮ᷢʲô飿
߰ɣ飬ЩСܹ͸ġУļͷ˵
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ͣƺ˵ͨİ
ǣͣʵ벻ͨʲôˣܹһӵôֱǲܵ飡
벻ͨʵ벻ͨ
Уټʾ֭ĥ飬ЦĶִѣֺαôƽϣ֪ϱ£ӹ֮
ֻǲͿػŶѡУٿЦҡҡͷοһβһͺͿ
ΪСǻüһãѵúͿУٻش


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һ·ϣ˵ȫװʿֻǿһ¥еĺǹʵʿͲʮˣ⻹ֻһ¥Ͷ¥еһ˶ѣɴ˶ƶϣⶰʿ϶ǳ˵ġ
뵽ҶȻڲɫ֮䣬͵ôǰԾġ
Ҷҵ˹Ȼǣһȥ޺ȴЦصֶκ֮ݶɫ˳ᢵǲı£ʵ̫ˡ
յûüΧĻһ˹׽ãû뵽ԴҶĳЩġ
Ǹһݸڷ紫ģɵðĿת˹ȥֻǵĺľ磬ǹȥƼֵơ
ȻںڵǱϾִͬСڵĻͷӣһЩĻģȥ˸۵֮ȻǴƴɱǶղһȴҲСоع֮ڵضһЩӳ̶ȲĻᣬӸشѹֵǮĹŶ
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ҶĻո£ͼӰ˳ȻΪ˷ָ
˿ҶùȻҶүϡּƣҶ˵ȣȷʵһܹģġ
ΪޣΪ⣬ܲһҶôֱʣôһǲΪ˱ݸǿҲЩû֮أ
ҶЦЦеԩˣҵͣɶܹô˵һʵܹõֻԼʮоֳԱ
룬Ҷ˵ȷʵ٣вˣôԺҲ֣ҸװôҶǴʲôطһӪܹҪ
ֻǰ벻ҶǴ˭Уôһ֧콵
Щˣܲ콫ɣҶҲܻɱķ˵ѵҶƽ֮ǰͿʼһˣ
ѵ׽ϲЩ˵Ҷʵ
ôʶǣֻξнƽʱУкܶȥʶ𣿡һʵ
˵׽벿̫ˣţ˾ҲͬԼıϤ̸ʲôʹַָɵ飿
˼˵Щ˶ɶıҶĻ֮̾ͷӦ˹Щ𾪵ʵ
ȻԤϵֻǰ𾪣ΪţɽԼƿشֵ£ҶȻܹɶ¶ȷʵ޷
ֽĳ֣Ҳð֪һ㣬ǿǿţɽԼɶƿʵԶԶġ
ð˰ӣԭνʯĻȻô
ôĵص˳ԼãȻ֪һַ̰
һҪίθ׳ţɽ鶼ƿزˣҰĲıϲ֧֣еˡ
ǣ˭ı
˼֮䣬ĿȻ䵽һ߶Ĳ輸ϡ
̴ľĲ輸Եúػ󣬲öʣ϶ҲǺѹĹŶֻǴʱڲ輸ϵһɰߵԱ߶ܲسһֻ״ɸӣԵ÷ǳͻأ
״ɸӣֻ۶ģȴǳģŷүˮõĹ֮ɫʱͱˡ
ֲҶܹôԭĻְ֧
Ҳѹˣ˾ţɽ֮⣬˭ܹסɶĳӣһӾ͵һӪ¶Ҳûбˡ
ֻǰôҲû뵽һ͵ίĽôϢؾҶҺţ˾֮
Ҫ֪ҶҹȻţɽͶĽͬ־ͳһ׳Ľô㲻ˣ
ѵ˵ĻʲôεĽ
뵽ÿЦеĴתһ״ɸӵίĽһȥ޺ͷȻ߻˽飬ɵĵԼڼǼ˫ȴû뵽֮䣬ͱҶĽһһٸŪڹ֮ϣǰܵһͿ
ɴ˿ɼԼҲãţɽҲãе¶˵ˣҲͬĽ躹޵Ĺ򣬲ɫ֮Ͱ㶨ô鷳¶
û뵽û뵽ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ȻˣҲѹǵչĲ˳ˣһǳˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦû˵ʲôֻǶԼһָһʾȲ衣
ҶӰ׹Ⲩţ˾Ķţ֣ǲҲǵϣһ̲֮סʵ
׹ⲨӦû漰·ͬߵĽУܻ¸ѣز˼ġҶ˵ͷҲûжԴԷϣţֵȽϴţɽְȨ˽¶Ѿˣƻ̴ܵá
һŲ̽䰡ҡҡͷЩɬ˵
Ҷ˵˵׽Ҳ󣬺ڹţɽϣҿԱ֤ۣ׹ⲨҲһ棬һǿԱ֤ġ
Ҷҵеš
⻰Ҷүӻ߶үӣҶƽ˵ĻǿѡŵģǳҶҶҵ֮ڣĺˡ
ʮٽоֳָĻţҲͲ˵ʲôˡҶһ̯
룬˵ҶĻҲмֵ
ҶһֵĵҲڵĳɾͣҾ˵ҶǳܸɣǽǱ߶һ¿ĹίΣʵְɲλãȷʵһܹȥġ
ԸϣָЩʲôڿһ֮ѡ
ȻôţɽˣƺЩǴԼʵ˳ΪãǰҶЭˡ
Ҷ˴ԼСʱңڴһ
ȵҶͳ֮󣬴ĺ߳һˣЦ˵Ǽʶ˶ٵıˣһ״ɸӣͰѰշˣȻ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴҲûжǫ飬ֻһƣλõɳ¡


373 ֻȺԱ
λǱˣȻɶίĽ
ֻʱĽϣҲξӶ࣬ȻǱҶˡ
˵ɶ㲿ӵӰĽƣǶڼϸߵľٵӰȻǲ˾ţɽġ
ǣΪĽһȽϵ͵ԴҶ㲻ɶʵжӰж
һϽείȻϿô򵥣ÿһֻ״ɸӺȺˮսʿ죬ܹΪϽôίҲ̫Ϸˡ
ʵϣĽɶӰǺܴģֻţɽ˾ЩԵò˿ѡ
ֻһΣҶصĲĽģĽصģֻ״ɸӶѡ
Ȼ˵ĽڶҶӳ뿪ɶ֮ǰ˼һɽ͸ҶүӣҶ϶ܹΪ飬ͺޱĽǿѡ
Ľţɽһ·ˣǿȡģҶּƻֻԼˣǾԲĽԼļƻռ̫ķݶ
Ľ֮󣬺ǺʵҶ٣ʵҲܺ棬Ǵʿģ֪ɶûһ֧йͲһӳҵĴ
Ǻǣ飬浱ȻġҶЦЦ
˲󼺣Щˣ治ʲôɶҰսӣҲʲôֱ;٣ǵǷǳ˵ģ˵ĻưıӶܹˡ
ʲôĽԴ˷ǳִţ˵ͷˣû׼͸ˣ
Ľ˵Ƚص㣬˵Լʱǡͷҡǡͷ
һԣҶͷĽ˵
һޣĽҲ֪Ǽ٣Ƿֻǽ±һԼֻϵıȴܼᶨ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˵ʵǶȺԱ
ʲôĽˣȻһȻ
Ҷ״ЦίһܳԾɣʵô򵥣ֻһЩȺԱѡ
ôܣĽ̾ˡ
ϣֻҪ¹򣬾ûв顣ҶһȻһֱڲ֣ҲûпǹԼܹɶ赽Щ͵Լ׼ˡ
ҶԣݵλظˣԸĲҲˣֶȻ䣬һЩ߻Ҫصġ
Ҫһ֧ҵĲƽѣѾС¶ˣǱҪϱίί߲ġ
ҶûôɵҪþίĻƻ˶ˣҲùţɽͰǣʱǷ˵ˡ
ҶǣԼҴһϾߣţɽͬҲңĻ֢̫࣬ԺļƻţɽͰҪΧĻҲǲһٺ˵ĹģٴĻͳˣ
ҵĶʮߣʮǽģϾҲʹҶĽҲܹ˼ȺԱһϷ
ɶ߶ǰĹսеһģʱ˲ӣҲ˲ٵȺԱҪȺԱʵǺ׵ģЩ˵ʻǹеʲôģҶ֮ҲͷΪԺŪȥ
˵ʵЩǹ֧ĵӰõĵߣĽ֮ҲЦҶ˵ʵ
ǣ޷ȷҶһ֧ӵǰ£ҲֻܹҶʱȺԱ
Ͼ˽Եһ֧˵ľӣʹǴ¼ίǲ鷢ģҶҲܱסҶȻδؾͻܵУٽζǱסġ
ԣһֻǻʵҶҲܳһ㡣
ƻǽƻĽܿͨһ㣬ɵöҶ
ĽҲھ֧ӵʵ٣ҪҲʲô㣿
ĽҶģֻǵʱĽ˵ߵıеǺ뵽ҶҶңǾֻǰģ˾֮⣬ûдκˡ
û뵽ȻۿһǶµĴƬҲǲˡ
Ľе۵ģӦðֻһĴ״ɸӸ
ҶһҲģƫƫͰֻ״ɸӷ˲輸棬԰ôῴֻӾ˭ģ
֧˵ӴӵԴĻɣҲðìܺȻתƵίĽϡ
϶룬Ľܹڲ֮䣬ɶôӦʣô˾ţɽľǿôȹȻǲܵģ
жţɽģͱôһֻ״ɸӸɻˡ
һֻ״ɸӵĳ֣ĽҲܵ˲СӰ죬޷鵱Уɽۻ̬ˡ
˾ţɽпܷĽڰԵԼĻôţɽ֮ĹϵܹƽദȻҲǷ񶨵ġ
Ľί⣬ҪƽȹɵĿܣͱһֻ״ɸӸˡ
鵱УΨһõ˺ôģҶҶĳˡ
һֻ״ɸӣʹð֧ʵŲɣίĽϺͻȻˣʱ¶˼ţɽıݺݵҧһڣɴ˶°ĶҡټӰ׹Ⲩ޷ֻ÷Ҷ
һֻ״ɸӣҲǵĽ޷ڵΪ˷ֹţɽԼᣬԼھеϴҲʲôˣĻ롣
ҶٵļƲ߹ȻĽͨеĹؽ֮Ҳɵ̾˿ͷֻҪƽƽݣǱôһڣҲвˡ
ί⻰˵е̫Υ˰ɣҶЦŻشһʱûбҪѻøıǰɣĻҲǶԾӺĲء
Ľ֮ЦЦʱذĴ״ɸӸ˵ⶫɲҷˣһСľǳǷǣȻǷʱʲô¶
ȻˣͷҲˡĽվҶ˵ҲǺͿˣֻҶٵֶ̫һʱ֮סˣΪļƲ߲˲𴩣ͷҲûȥһʡñ˳ѡ
ίֻԱǣһһӣȵѶ֮뿪ɶҶЦŶĽ˵
Ϊ֮Ľϸؿ˿ҶƺоһŸ뿪


374 ΪЩȺԱ
Ľ뿪֮ҶŶһ߶˵ܣɡ
米ת˳ЦŶҶ˵٣һοǶתתһֻ״ɸӾˣˣٿװǵĹױȣ
飬ǲֻ裬Ҫ־ԵƽԣһֻܲƣĻɶľƾͻᷢޱ䣬ǶţɽҶʾ
ĽչҶԼҲеȽ⡣
ΪСǾٵ飬Ҷؽ˰ƽкڵϴߵȦУȻ˺߾ȻͬҲϵ֮󣬶ʱһܴ󵨵뷨Ҫͨ飬ɶƽƣ¹һµƽܵؼɶ˾ţɽھӵƿȣΪԼĺƻû
ߵıһҩͰƽɶľΧһССĲתģҶȻоֵĴƸˣǶɶͲôöԸˡ
Ͼ˼ǹӵģҪŻǣȫԲǣҪӲӲĻҶͷֲãԾֻܶԽˡ
ţɽĶţֺͰĶӰ׹ⲨԼϣǵǲҶеһģǾίĽĳ֡
ĽֳҶٲҶռƵ£ԼŸɣͰԽĽϣĴ״ɸ߽Ķ־Ȼǳá
˵һʯ˰ţɽȡĽȷʵ֮ʣѹ˰ݷȻеġ
Ǹô죿ʵ
ȻҪȴˡҶش
Ȼ˵ҶѾһЩϣҪ׽ţɽҪһ
ڸ߲ԣҪʰһ˾Ҳô¶ĵġ
ǣ淽̫ˣ涼ҪǵͬʱҲҪǵӰ⣬ϾһϽһУ
ԴȻǺˣǾҶѵյ֤ݲ֣
Ϊ߲һ˾ԣʲôҶʵǻ᲻̰ۣܴ̣ܲ
ԶԣҾÿܸĿľɣЩȷ˵
Ȼ䲻ȷ߲ʲô뷨ǲԼ⣬ԼһеСë˵̰ܻߣܹԲ쵼ô˻ǿõġ
෴Ǿ쵼جˣΣʱʱѹУһСɾʹܵԼͷˡ
ã߲뷨ԼҲȥţɽЩ̰ë㲻ʲôˮ羵ߣҪأ۵Ȩ𣿣
ҶĴ壬˼ԼĲҵҲԼĿɽҪˣôˢһˢΪԼλƣûġ
ǣĴӵܣϾֻǼѣܵͨз
ôһ룬ˣһ̰⣬Ǵ򲻵ţɽģǰ;ֲҶٵķʵڵȴһûᣬһţɽͷʧݵĺûᡣ
һţɽھϵֱܳ¶֮󣬸߲ҲûмάľĺͱҪˡ
Ǹʱ򣬲Ҷȫ淢ĺûᡣ
Ҷڵı϶֪ôһģɵȡ
ô˵ҶԶٵıǳݵͶأȺԱܱõô뻯˫ˣ뵽˽飬ɵöҶӳޡ
ٺ٣ΪЩȺԱҶٺһЦ
ѵ𣿣һӣֱˡ
Щ˲ȺԱֲǴţɽĽϵģʲôܹһӵôǹأ
ץԼԴҲû顣
λҶ٣ʵ̫ˣټ٣ټģȻûһʵﲻͷʲôܳͷʱҶķˡ
˵ǰǱΣлҶΪϰճͷ֮ܵһЩлĻôھȫҶĳ뻯ֶˣƫƫıѵֵԼȥȫͶЧ
٣Ǹˣ㲻ЩŵߣܾķӣָҾʹҶļʱ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷʾ˽ˡ
ӷ֮ߵʱ򣬾ͿУľټҴҵ˹ļȻҶȥˡ
Ҷ߶ȱ¼ҡҡͷ
ľֵĸֳоǰǰ׹ˣ⼸ʮ궼ˣҶٻ죬Žÿһÿһ̣ܹ鵽ִ˵еľĶǣ
ŵʱ򣬾ͿСѾͷǾһַߡ
áС￴֮󣬾ͺòá
ǺǣСǾáЦеػӦһ䣬ȻʵǸ͵ķʲôŶ
ڶĽӣСˣһǾش
ӰӺã˰֣뿪ˡ
ǾѷͽʱҶļһУ˵
үһҪЭãоǺϵʲôµ鱨һҪʱ㱨⼸ؼʱ̣һܴ⣬ͨѶϵ飬ҾȫˡҶǸУ˵
ǣ׳֤񣡡УٸҶ˸Ȼļ뿪ˡ
٣óԷˣڶĽӣһʲݲˣһšǾѷзϣȻѶһӡ
ŶҶ˵ͷȻ˵Ҷ٣
ΪʲôǶٰǾʾЩ⡣
Ȼ˵ҶͱҲ˼꣬Ƕ٣һ˵ʲôʲôоֵĸֳһ˲õĴǾемģҶؼʱ̣Լ
ˣǾҲ˳ڵغҶж٣ûκߵִ
ǣ㣬һġҶ˰֣ˣȳԷɡ
Ҷ߶ȫʤĽȴǴҴҵػص˾Ϊ˰ǸԵãȻкܶ๤Ҫġ
˼֮ϸؿһͷ֮žȥţɽһεúõ˵һ˵
ʱľ˾棬ֵӣۿŰһҪˣѡ͵ļĿˣҪ;ǲμӻˡ
ɶ˾ţɽʱھУۿŵĲš
˾ҪԱǣһεһû¶ҲûаʲôϰѵеĹΧͽĿеġ
ۿ¶ҪˣҵҲǱȽϷɵģֻǾ˾ţɽ棬ȴǺ̤ʵϾţֵ䣬ûд
˾׸ίˡĵ߽ţɽ˵


375 
ŶˣţɽʱڹۿһӼĿĻ֮󣬱ЩĲˡ
˼ӣţɽͽϲ壬뿪˹ϯ˳
ϢУںȲ裬ţɽվ˸
ϰͦ죬ôˣţɽһȻЩǵѯʵ
ĶţֺͰĶӰ׹ⲨѾûϢʮСʱˣţɽеǳǣټϰƽеļ쵼ҲͬʱʧȥϢϢɣ˵Ǳ˸Ʊˡ
⻰˵ɣϸĥͲͷˡ
˰Ʊ޷ǾΪһǮ֣ҪǮķ֣ܶûбҪȥǴ˾͸ίĶӰɣǲԼŰ
οЩ滹иʡίǣггίǵˣЩ˶ǹٰɱҲãܹԱҲãʾͷǳˣ췴
΢һʶҲ
Ȼˣһ˵Ǻ߸ƽίƤθ֮ͻһݣЩ˶ˣԼ֪ա
һϢţɽе޷˵ʵڵģƽе˰ίǸгˣҲ¶ֻ漰ԼţֵΣܲǣţɽҡ
ڰȥ߱ôһζʱţɽѾɳ˺ü֧飬ȥţֵ䣬ϧ޹еĵڻûϢ
鲻˳ҡҡͷ
Ŷѵʲôʲɣţɽʡ
ߵıȷʵоֵҶռˣûҵԼ˵䡣شֺ͹Ⲩ٣Ҳûҵ
ôܣţɽȻǲܹܵġ
ţɽţ˲һӾʧģһҹ֮ôҲܲƽеķΧҲʲôߺڳԺڰ˶ˡ
˲֪Լģ߲Ģ́һӶѣƣһЩԼȥ顣
һ仰˵ֻһСЩ˲ĻĴɶ
ǣ߾һͷӣǣ߲ǡ̡
һ㣬߱˸
ԴԽԲţţɽŰϣڰϣϣܹȥһţָһ
ǰĽȻţɽʧҲܲ˵ΪĶӰ׹ⲨҲţһʧˣϰ׵һżܳ
ɶǴһԣͳ˧
ڵĴɾίֱ쵼֮˾βڲװ쵼ָӻأϽ½žʡָӾվͺڱսж
ڵľҲսʣƽʱľָӻսʱսָӻܲͲӵҪмָӲΣս쵼ء
ϸ˵ݵָǹԭίӦǾһ֣ںܶʱ򣬾˾ί֮便˭˵㣬ҲҪֳϷֲεģ˵˭ԸǿһЩҲӰ쵽ľԡ
ΪίĵλҲǺܸߵģҲΪ˾ţɽҪ˵нţɽ뷨Ҳͻģһӹɡ
ҪǺã뵽Щ⣬ţɽԼҲеͷۡ
ۿŰһ͵ˣĻ϶ܶ࣬ίҲп˼鹤ʲôģЩӭ飬ƽʱǲҪ棬ʱУĸ㶨ί׳λãԸ涼ܵˡ
ǶʧٵǴ¶ܲԼܶһӵĻҵû̳аɣ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻܾˡƶҲ¶һЩ֮ɫϾҲʧˣ޶ԣҾãȻֱڻûд֮˵ϢôԷ϶һˣҲΪǮơ
˼˵Էʲôģţɽüͷʵ
һɣпĳ飬ҲֻܵϢˣţԷڸǱģܻʱ̯Ƶġ
ţɽ˰Ļ֮󣬵ͷͬϰĻҲеҲֻȵȵȿˡ
̸˽֮ţɽʵҶСʲô飿
ߵ鷸ˣСû¶δŮû뵽ȴҶյƽͿϵˡں
٣²Ķţɽһ䣬ȻʵǺпҶа
ҶȥߵѾˣֻץסһЩСආҲԼЩСආ˵ʱûзʲô⣬ֻ˵ߵʱӵһ绰ҪͶˡ±¡
ţɽ֮ȴǱƵһͷˮôҲ벻ͨһ飬ŪԼͷö˵Ҳʧˣʵǿɺޣ
⵽ô¶أţɽ̾˿
˽˵鲻ܷ£ܷͬ£æţɽԼҲǽͷöʱ͸һ£һ½ڹ
ΪıҶӳнٻ˾ǣڰŲıĹԶҲǱȽϷæģѵһǹˣⶼǱȽϷ
еţϰٵģȰ⼸£ѶͿԷһˡţɽ԰˵
˵ͷȴ˵ǰ⼸ˡ
ҶҵҶѾţɽס˰ƽǲĿĲձˣҶֶ֮󣬲ŷԭҶҵﶼôĪ⣬һ͸ɶɹλֵĻţɽͷӶʣˡ
Ҷҵλ֮Բֻ֣ǼɵȽϴĵѣϾھʮĴʱԽԽˣ߲ԭΪλгίԸǡ
ţɽҲǿһ㣬ԲЩСû뵽ȴҶҵҶΪҶûôĹ˼ɡ
ҶУȻţɽðҶҵȨҪгҶҵŭľ
гίǿ϶ǲ˼ѹҶģΪˣһԴСҲҪһԵȵģ̫˵ȥˣ棬ҶѾץס˶ԷһѰѱ֤ɽ˵ƴȥ˭ҲܹЩ֤ݵĴڡ
Ҫһ㣬ǰҶЩ˸صʲôط
е˼ɵģίĽƺҲ鵱У˺ܴãΪίĽɶһˣؼʱܹ񶨾˾ţɽľŤת֡
ڰ칫洦˼֮󣬾;øطƣƿһԶӿɫͺһʱһȻ
ʱڣ̾˿ΪԼǰ;


376 ͻȻɢ
һȫ󲿷ֵı꣬춼ûͣЪļ󣬱µʯ˶ׯʧϴ
ڸضæſֵͬʱ827գַ˼ͬѰ顣
ҶСִ˼ˡ
ʵϣоֵƹҳ֮󣬻ϾûйܹɧˣܶԶͶԶΨ鷳
ı꣬ȷʵúܶ鶼ܵӰ졣
Ҷϵյںںӵг̻㱨ʱںѾ˶ϣڼ򱱽ƹ˶ãͿ˳Ŀꡣ
ܲɶ˾ţɽںҶƻеһҪڣֻڲ˳ɴ¡
ˣҶںںӵĺλãԵ÷ǳģÿ춼Ҫյʮݶ㱨һŴ˵ĺͼ棬رעźںӵλꡣ
һ꣬ǸҴ˺ܶ෽㡣ҶźͼȻЩ˷
뵽ʲôԱ߶Щʵ
Ǻǣ¶˵һ֪ˡҶЦ˵
٣һ飬ʼ벻ס˵
ʲô飿Ҷʵ
ȻѾõ֤ݣΪʲô̽أϾѡзյġʵ
Ҷ⣬ЦЦôһ֤ݣðƽеļܵǶţɽԣܹ˽ǣ֮ΪҪţɽҲʰԾ󻼡
Щ⣬Ҷ˵ֻҪܹȷʧٵ˲ڱ棬ΪǸҶоֳָô𣿡
Ӧòҡ󣬾ҡͷش
Ҳɵӣܹȷʧٵ˶ڱ棬ôһгߣǱȽϻģܹȷЩ˶ѾڱˣҲû֤ݱЩһҶУôðһоٽֳеˡ
ô˵ҶһٽоֵĸֳҶҵӣû㹻ʹǶҶֵ£û˸
ãҪ˵ע벻ʱ֤ѾˣҶ˵
ͬһ죬ɶıҶӳнһѾڣҪһ׳ͬ־
Ȼ˵ҶӳֻһнıϾҶҵĶӣһνΪҶүӵĲ飬ίҲйģѡڴʱͬ־Ȼû¶¶
а츱̷ʤԽӴҶӳȥͬ־
̫࣬ͬ־Ҳæֻܳʮ̷ʤҲӵܣҶӳǱȽϤģȻҲһϵٴĿǰǵˡ
ʮӿ²ҶӳֱԵ
ҿ̷ʤЦԵ
Ȼ˵ͬʱа츱Σǽͬ־칫ҵΣǽͬ־ʱ䰲ţ治ܹȫ˵ģеʱҪͬ־ԼеʱҪֵʱ䰲ţеʱҪܵͻ¼Ӱˡ
ŵ룬Ҷӳнܵͬ־ĽӼ
ȻҶӳԣʮӲ
̷ʤܾòģǽͬ־ڽһλӳ˶ʮ֮ӳ˶ʮӣɴԸȡһл棬Լλгί
ҶүסԺλں̵ܶʱڶˣֻǴҶЩãȻ֪ͬ־ҹΪʲô飿
һص顣ͬ־Ҷˣرʾ
ʲô飿ЩؿҶӳڳɵʵ
¹ɶ˾ţɽ̰˽ᵱصظɲӣܣԼݵش͹ƣʲĲȵȡͬ־򵥵ؽ˼䣬Ȼ˵ɶıҶӳнѼ˺֤ܶݴ˻ΪҶϵĴЩҲġ
˵֮ҶӳԽЩ֤˹ͨͶӰʾ
Щ֤ݣҪҶںߵıѼ֤ݣԼʱİƽίƤθ˵ĲƵ¼ȣǽһЩʵ¼ǳȫ棬Щеһλ˴ҵע⣬ɶ˾ţɽϽĶţ֡
ţһεľۻУҲͷϷúܷ񣬶ԼҲ˷ʵ˵һֱڳ䵱ţɽƽһ˽ʵ
򵥵˵ͨţɽĹϵϽںϵͳһЩôֻʣ˵ѳƷ˽߰һЩƳԴ˳ȥ
ҶӳнΪҶүӵĴȻǰҲһķȨָеһЩұʾʵһ˽Ʒ͵ڶʮң永ĸڡ
һȾסˣǳŭӵϰ죡һҪϰ죡ôش˽жɶʡȻûһӦ˵û𣿣춨ôģ
ҶӳаЦһιϷֵ⣬õҪԴһţɽ˹˽ƷͣʵܵľǼˣǳһҪϳЩ֣
ʵϣõк͵Ҷң˽жҲܵȽϴӰ죬ôһҵȻˡ
Эϯ˵˾乫ϵ飬ɶʡܲ˵ģ춨ȻʡίǣҲ֪ţɽʲôϾ漰һ»ܵ⣬ǻǾ£ôΪã
Žͬ־ҲʾǱȽ϶ӵģţɽͬ־Ϊְ쵼ȻþԴ˽б˽ңʵ˵ȥġ
ΪһĽӰˣŽͬ־Ȼгί֮һӵкܴķȨһ˵ʱ򲻶࣬һҲʶӣò
飬Ҳеǳʹİͬ־Ҳ̬Ŀǰ½Ǽ֪ƽǱ߶ΪƤθʧ˺ü죬طѾסˣԻҪ˹ȥһµģһζʱסƣ񻯡
ҽһίԱȥɶ¡
Ҷ϶ڴ£ʲôͬ־Ҷӳ
ҶүΪסԺٻ᳡ҶӳʹҶүӵ
ҸΪڲУԸղǺ׼ȷʾֻܶʾ֧ˡҶӳش
ô˵ҲǱȽ׵ϾҶүӲڳܶ˲ôһ֧ľͱȽطӳҶүӵ뷨ҲˣǴþͿˡ
˵֮䣬̷ʤܴҴҵ˽ɫЩõ˵µϢںǰ죬ͻȻı亽ʻɶۣפɶڽӵ˾˾ţɽͻԷ̬£ͻȻɢˣʱѾˣ
ʲôˣʱˡ
פͻȻɢ飬ڽ֮ƺûзѹִҵɫˣǿɳܰ


377 ǰ
ҶڰһǰϦؾˣһ˶ȷʵеˡ
˵ϵۣеۡ
ҶӳӾ棬ϵؽµϢ˽⵽µĶ̬ƽ飬˸߲Ĺע
ͬ־пܻݰٰƽУӲ쵱عƹ
ɶʡί춨ͬ־ǣҪ쵼ͬ־㱨ڰƽƺ󷽰Ͼƽ飬ҲǹƵиìܵһӰбҪԴΪзܽᣬоԲߡ
Ҷص֮Ȼӵ
үӵ壬ǷöˣҶһ˷ɻѯʵ
Ȼ˵ڵ绰Ҳʹ˺üΣǱϾ棬ҶҲеҶүӵ壬ϾѾʮ꣬Ͼǿʮˡ
үӻָͦã˵ʳܲһܳӡҶ˵һλؾס죿
ס˼죬Ϊ˿үӣҿֱܾӻὭˡҶش
ǺǡЦЦȻʲôͶҶ˵һƯ˺˶ˣû뵽ᷢ顣
ҶˣҲһЩԵá
һε飬νǴɹںӵͻȻȷʵһǽĿ࣬ںӵ˾÷庣Ͻʾ쫷磬ƫ˺򣬶ԴбǸ
ͬʱ˳Ծǣ÷庣ϽʾѾûоѺȼͼǰҽӹٱҲǷнãлĿԣԾ·ѻعļƻ
ֱ仯߲ȻҲûԤϵǾͼҶѯʼٸߣǷʲô飬Ϊʲôı仯
ҶʾԼҲ֪飬ǿǵʵΪ˰ںӵĹٱǹԸ⻨Ǯġ
ôһʮҽҶˡ
ȻЩҶʱ䲢ƽ˲Ȩ֮ЩʵҪм޻װȻ䵽ȥۡ
˵Ѿװ˶ͲϵͳţǱ˸ۿͣƻһ֮ٺϻأܺڰװ̡
飬ҲҶһֲٰģڻϻǱ߶Ѿۼԭںں촬ǧְȫδȫ깤Žк칤
˼֣ʹȻҶ˵ʵһҺĸò󣬽ػҲҪǱ߶ô˵ֻϣӣǾƶ񻯣ҵһ
¶ҲһЩпû뵽ôĵ۹˲ķˡ
´ƣ־ñغϣϾñط֣Ҳʲôϡ¶Ҷ˵Ѿã쵼ûнİ취ķҲǱȻġ
񾩳棬ⷽҲء˵
ֻٴΪãӿڳҶʾ
ʱҶ˾ҽԺҶүӡ
ʱҶүӣѾˣ񲻴һӵɫϢƽȣ۾տտȻѾõļ
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱͷ
СڻˣһθɵòҶүӵºܸߣҶָָ߽Ա߶ɳ˵
үүҲָĲҶЦ˵
˵һҶүӾ˵ǸоֵĸֳҪټˡ
ŶˡҶͷֲͬλռȷʵãϼҪǵˡ
׾ͺáҶү˵
ʵϣλȻһãҶεĻʵǱ״
Ⲣ˵ҶԸֳΪ̫ܸˣԲŻ˾úܲģӣ˵ĺá
רĻὭȥĹίΣһķչãΪԼĽ̵棬ʵʵ¶
ҶҶү߶аСʱ˼ҵĽ̻壬ȻŻҶլ
ǿտյģһȥҴңʱѾɶ
ΪţɽǱ߶飬ԶҶӳΣɱһǹȥɶһҪ񣬶ţɽ򱻾ίؾְֱȻûκϢ
ƽǱ߶ʡί鳤ֱִ֣µίǵΪֹ
ʱ򣬶үڴˡ
Ҷڸ绰ʱ򣬾˶үӵЦԺ洫˽Ȼõӡ
үӻˣȥ˵顣ҶԵ绰еĳ˵˵ˣȥҰݷŶ
ݰݡӦȻ
Ҷӭȥʱ򣬾ͼүһװϣԱ߶нҲװ롣
ⶼѾ°ˣôʲô¶𣿡ҶЩʵ
һ£ǻؼ˶װģôĴǲࡣ
ҶٽҲûϾװүЦ
ҶһãȻԱ߶˵ɾǰһˣΪһˣٽ֪ܲɣϣȫףһջݣλõġ
ŶѾһ˰ҶŶ˵ææµµ鵹Ǹˡ
תʵҹȥĻеһҲûҵλðɣ
ʱЦھгίίԱҪȥʮλģίЩϽҲҪȥ߰λ˵н֮ģƵڶžˣҲһЩģչһҲˡ
¶ˣҿ˰ɡҶʾ
ʵ˵ǰŶҪ쵼ˣϾȫݣôҪĳ棬ǰŶǽ貵ģܹģһһĴľ뢡
Ҷܹʮĵ䣬ڴˣҲһ˭֪Ҫһأߵġ
ү֮󣬾͹һЦһҲǲеģֻ̫ˣʱڵһ֤㲻ʤ䷳
⻰Ҳ˵ģүӸҶһλãҲܹ˵ùȥϾоֵĸֳ𱣻гίǵİȫԴֻҪھӵı־Ϳİõڵһţؿڼλгίߡ
ֻôһȷʵүԣ̫ҡˡ
̫ҡ˲Ǻ¶ҶûǶںˣǾ͵Űɣ̫ǰҲã߰ҰŵŮǱ߶ҲҲһ׳
ǿԵģŮǱ߶˵ͷ
ܰŰҶˣʱʵ
һֲʲô¶󲿷ŮٶмģҪǺŶҲЦŶҶ˵
һΣҶӳ˸ˣпطΪҶҵĵڶλ˾ţɽίθ׳ҲˣĿܾȥθΡ
Ȼ˵ţɽûΪӵ飬ֱ£ȥθΣʵѾǱԵˣӴҲھȨˡ
ټҶүӿҶҿνǴȫʤҵ鶼Ǻܸ˵ġ
ˣǾͻڵźˡҶһȺŮһҲãʵʵؿݵˡ


378 ˵һ
ߵʱ򣬴潫ҫһƬ貶Ŀ
ҶȻŵмţȻм䣬ӦǱȽϿ߶λϣλҲǷǳѵˡ
ΧŵĶͷ˻ȾĽǣҶȻеձĸо
ȻַǳʽĳϵУΪ߲㻹ûеԴһⲻһΧûԼʶˡ
λȥᰡôٽˣ
ܲιҲûм
᲻Ǽðģ
ôܣֳϼð
ȥôҲʮ
ûôٽ
Χĸ۵˹ҶĶǳôҵֻǶķӦҶҲֻˡ
⣬ܹô˵أ
ѵҪ˼˵Ҷоֵٽֳ
Ļȷʵе̫ˡ
ֻҶҲòϾΧ۵ĸоǺܺá
ڿ쵽˵ʱ˴߶ˣҸҶк
Ҷֳôˣ
Ҷͷһ־Ȼоֳִڸ˵ʱѾнζȫ渺λǵİȫνش
ʱоֵĴֳа츱μεģԴϴ̷ʤֶܵӳ¶֮ж£ʤξֳȫ渺оֵĹҲһƶϵĸĸ
ҶҲֱ仯ӦʱԵģΪΪڰȫΨһоֱһ׳УԺһ׳칫ιоֳִƻȥ
־ֳãǹո֡Ҷֳ֮Ĺϵվ֣΢һ¡
ֿɲаЦ˵ôشĻоּ㳲ֳҲţһɡ
⡭Ҷԥһº˵ʰɣ
һȺгίίԱϽǼһ𣬺еʣҶôġ
ûϵҪǸдͷˡ֪ҶĹ˼ɣͶ˵
ʵ͵͸ߵһ֮䣬ҪߵҶں漸УҲȫþͷͣһӣľκͱ˵
ر𽻴һµĻҶ˵һţҲ˾÷ǳͻأǵӾͷַˣĽܶࡣ
ôһҶλþͻˣмһŵıԵмһŵһԵһһң͸һġ
Ҷ˸˵Ĺע˲赹ˮСǣҲ̲סɫߵǰŸǵˮĻᣬϸҶۡ
ƫƫҶһΣıΪֱѾʼˡ
ž𣬴ڴӲ볡ˡ
ֳʱҵν糱뻮һһǲŹġ
ҶȻЩţҲ֪ܹĹٱιӲȫɿģҲʲôĲ
ͬ־öҶ߶߹ʱһ߶˻֣һ߶ǰŵĹٱ֡
ֻǴҷҶڵһŵʱ򣬻еԾһоֳָݣͶȻˣϾҲ쵼ȫһݶﲢʲôʵľٶ
СҶǺǡͬ־Ҷ֣ЦЦȻ͹ȥˡ
긱ϯʱҲҶЦЦû˵ǹŽͬ־ʱҲһҶүӵ塣
ʱ̫ˣϾǳϯȫջݻǲ軰ᣬԿ϶ǲģĻ̫ˡ
ľǰļλίԱǣоί׳үҶ
үӿҶ˵һţȻЩ㵵ģһʱˣҲû˵ʲôֻЦЦѡ
оʲôʵĲţǰʱǾӽҶֳʵϾ൱Ǵͳ죬Ȼʸġ
ҶڵһŵУҲԼȽϤһλεľί׳֮һ˸ίϽְģԶɶίĽϽ
ֺǺǵģҲξί׳һβμִͻ϶ЩģҶʱ򣬺ҡ£˵һ䣬пնһԸʲôĿ
߹ȥ֮ȻҲ
᳡ʱͰǾ磬нֹ뻮һҶе𺳣Ͼǧ˵Ļ᳡ܹȷʵѵá
ջ֮ǰûʲô쵼ֻͨ˰æ֮гʱۿݵ쵼ԼԾʷĻعʲôģܼǿĴ͸Ŀ
Ҷһ;ûʲô˼ˡ
ʵϿֳĸо𿴵תҪܶࡣ
ؿ˿Χû߶ˣ˵ҵ֯ԻǺǿģ˵аСʱңҶסˣŴĻ̽ҶĵվȻ˹ȥ
ź漷ʮŮ￴ҶܾǿĽǣʱԼͬ
͸͸ҶһС˵
˲ţҶߵ棬Ϳ߶ѾȫˣΧдľִڣҶʱ򣬸𾯽һٽ˹Щɵؿ˿ϵľα־Ȼ޷ôٽ
ͬ־ʾ֤ԷһȻҪ
ҶóԼ֤ݸȴֹ߶İȷʵλģԼǳ͸
ҶáԷҶ֤֮󣬶ʱһоְֳָǺǿģҶȻֻٽζıʵ϶Ҫܵо쵼ͼලģ־һȻʺá
ãˡҶòһ
ȻزضԣҶȻöԷԼеǿ׳죬ĿˣĻԼܿͱˡ
ԷҶǰǱȽϾнģϾоֵϵͳӰܴ󣬴˵ǶֵָǿҲĴڣһʲôԣͻᱬǿɱ
ôһλֻʮٽֳλ𾯽乤ٽҲеģȻѾʮˣڱСһҶǰȴ˿ûиеɡ
ɵֳϣһ㲻ᷢʲô״ҶЦŶ˵
ôľȫκϸ¹Ӳǧٱôܳ¶أҶɲ˻ıʲôģԼ
ĿȻɢһȵĸоɫҲûȫȥҶ˿ϣһŨƲ㣬ѹ˹ҲʼһС磬ȻϺܸɾûȴһЩ
Ҷ۾գλٽ˵Ҫ˰
ǰÿ굽ڣǻмġλٽҲ˿գڸ˵


379 ͹ĸ֮
ȻҶ˵ɣǸ˿ûһҷɾġ
ʵϣЩشʱ򣬼ܵװ൱һδģľϰӺ½϶ܵĲš
ļҲʮ׷յתһʲôյĲ̵ˣϴ
ջݾϸؿһСʱӣʱ쵼̨ԱкӰԲɹ
ҶҲʮӻصԼλϣΣֵ
Ѿ˴꣬ƴ鳷ȥʱ򣬻һССϰҾһܴʤ̼ϰ޷ʲôʵԵв
쵼̨ӰʱҶҲܵ˱Ƚд߰òµĸԱΧҶߣͿؼסˡ
ҶЩЦҲ޿κΣϾ׷ÿһ˵Ȩɡ
ЩԱʵҲܲףȻ䲻󣬴ڶʮ£ǽ·Ҫߣȴ˵ôʸһٽߣ˷ڵһ֮⣬ΪЩͷǺͰ׶ˡ
Ӱ֮Ҷ쵼ߣȻߡ
쵼ԼרֱͨȥԱ߶СʱϢõҹȵ裬̸һ̸顣
Ҷͬ־һ쵼ЩҪһ¡Դͬ־Ż˽ŲҶ֮󣬺Ͱض˵
ǡҶлȻԴͬ־ߡ
Ҷ˰ɣԴʵ
öˣлιġҶش
һζҶүӵ彡һֱǸ߲л⣬Ҷү念Ϣһ𽥴ˣԴҵҲ˺ܶ࣬żĳϵУȻⲻʺһ£ҲǶҶүӽĹС
ںӵ飬˸еܾŶԴЦ˵
Ҷػش¶ʵҲ⣬Ͼ˵뷨ǹЩͬǹڣôһֻӣζҪȫģ󲿷ֶǹӶƶȣûǮû̵ģԽ˾ҲǿģоԵĴȨοǲûЧҳǰ֮κһңжר֮Ȩ
Դε˵ͷǵģǿ仯δ̫Ϸˣ˵һ
ǺǡҶЦЦ⻰Ͳýˡ
ʱ򣬴ʱû߲㱨˵ĽǰŸŪѣȵѾ˰ȫ֮Ҷгίͨ˴£Ҳֻ˵ǹӶ˺ںӻԶ
ȵҷӦʱ֧Ѿˡ
ڣƴǱ߶æŸҽмޣǰ־ȥϹ͹Ĺͼͺ־
ˡԴҶ˼
˽С֮󣬾ͼ˴жʮλ쵼ͬ־
гίλίԱλίܲ쵼һλټаоֵļλҶȥҲǶʮˡ
Ҷͬ־߶߽ȥ˴к
Ҷһ־Ȼξί׳ͬ־ǾЦЦ˹ȥ
ĽϽָָԼԱ߶ʾҶ
Ҷϸؿ˿ˣȻ󲿷׶ǺϤģֻҶҵֱϵֻжүڳίԱҲλҶϵ治ࡣ
𵱳ԼֻϴʱȷʵܹᲢۣҪ֪ʱҶڳĿһλгίλίԱټϺüλҶϵίԱԼλͬһӪίԱҡźȷʵƴ
ǰ棬Ҳ˵ͺܲˣϾÿһίԱǾصģźܶ˵󣬲ݺӡ
ǽڣǾ̸̸ӽһЩɡͬ־ʱΪίһ׳ȻҪ˵ˡ
ˣ׷ױʾͬΪȻ
л׳ԾӽĹ֧֣ǡүΪίʵʸˣȻҪ˵䳡滰ͬʱҲᵽ˾ӽ赱еһЩ⣬˵ʽ𣬱˵˲ţ˵һЩȽ豸ȵȣоǹٱеһЩ⣬סŮԼҽƵȵȡ
ͬ־֮Ц˵ƣ¶취
ҲǿЦͬ־ŴɣﶼҪǮ׽Ⱑ
ȻҲûʲôð취ҲҪġͬ־ֻб̬
˵㻰ѻ̵϶ҪһЩġ
ǶүӾͶ쵼ֱ֧ʾ˸лʾ65ˣܹʹαãԶߵּǲᶯҡġ
֪˭˵һʲôҵĻͳ¼뺣Ķʮҽͧźĸ
Ҷͬ־ûԲƣһͬ־˲豭˵
лϯҷ֮¡ҶվؾһȻʾ˸л
Ľͧ˵ûʲô⣬ֱӾͿԷۣźĸͲͬˣһЩطҪģȥ˻ϻأɴӺں촬ļ˺ʦǶиĽͬʱοںվһЩҪ󣬶ԼװϵĲֽи죬ȡɷϹĺĸϵͳ
񾭹һγ;ԺҪԶϵͳģҪ˵ʽͶʹãҪһζʱ䣬ϾĸϵͳķǸƴḶ́Ҫȫϵͳͽػ䱸ĻҪüʱ䡣
һεĳ;ߣźĸ˵Զʵ塣
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źһҳ涯ĸ񣬺ϰѾ涯ĸ˶ĸȡ涯ĸҶڴ£ͱʾ˶ĸȳ溽ĸӵкϵԽԣһ˶ĸʮڲøȼϣ溽ĸһʱҪȼϡ֮˶ĸڶϲҪռ̫ռ䣬Ҳʡȥ˳溽ĸ̵ʡ˴װռ䣬ͣŸརػԺ˶ĸкܴƵġȻ˶ĸӣʹ÷ø߰ÿҶʹõġ
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ҶĻ֮󣬶ʱЦ˵쵼ɲữȷʵбҪ궼ûֳУƤˡ


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ֽԤֱҲбȽصȱ㣬̫翨-31Ժ̽250ǧףԿ̽150ǧףԵE-2ڿ-31ҲԵE-2ġ
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Ȼ˶֪ҶһͷûϾ͵ĹأֱǵģȷʵҲ˴һ
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үҶɲǶ壬ô˵϶һǵģҪΪǶĻǿ˶ˡ
ҶҲԭģҪرԼĴĸսԡ
ѾˣЩҲͿ˵ˣôڵģҲӰ쵽֡
ȽһأгίǳҶүӶڳίԱҲкüλίԱԳŽ˵һ˵⣬ҲǸǴԤ롣
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ңҶĳɼŵģ˭Ҳ޷ϣ޷ĨɱʮҺǱͧһҺĸӶʮҽɵӴ󽢶ӣЩ˼ҶһģûһǮĹ˭ܱȵϣ
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ҪᣬͨʽĻ߷ʽҲ˽⵽ҶҵҶѾڸ۵Ǳ߶Ͷ˲شӰܴ󣬸Ҫǰĸ˹͹սԵУҶ൱Ҫһλ
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Ҷ˹ĸ߲Լڿĸ߲ȵȣ˱Ƚеϵںܶʱִ˽˹ϵҪ⽻ϵοöࡣ
СҶô˵Ͳˣ㼺һλίҲʾĲվҵϣҲǲ޳ɽĸģҲм㣬ҲǷе
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Ƿչ·ǹҼߺƽչ֮·ĸǵ۹ߵĹߣǲ۹ңǷ۷ԵĹңҪ֮ʦ
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ʵĸкܶȱ㡣ںܶҶзĸսԺըǱ̫ͧȵȺĸɱﵣڵĺĸսѾǰˣĸںԼ̫ǰֻܳ䵱ǵİӣûôͬһͭ
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ҶֻЦһǸ̬˿ˣ޵ȥһ١
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Ȼﲢ˵ǱͧûãΪ˸˵ĸ塣ҪԺĸһȽԷڵǱͧ˵˵ǧգñǧʱ˵ĸʲô˲𣬵ţĵ߮أʾйĴڸС
Ȼ˵ÿһ֧ĸĽҪϰڣʱڷãѲ߮Ϲ͹300ƽﺣ򲻱ַפǰأϺʳ±̫ƽ󣬱̨ѣ羭һ廯Ľ죬Ѳ磬͹ĽںͳڣϾõȶչԴȱĹ͹Ѳ߮ʺ߲ͨжϣ｣̫ƽ˺аԹ͹ĵڶȷлҡ֮УñǣƵжɱչ͹սݺԶսǧ֮⣬⻪ˣлԺƽȽӴ뽻ЭˮƽͬĺƽʱΣն֮أսѿ֮˱ĺƽ
ĸɱеģ𣿣Ҷطʵ⣬ǵļҲλˣȻǿ󣬵ʵϲǵˣ˴ộԼ𣿣һ㷽ͬ־˵ˣȫչõĹ룬ڿҲɹˣǷͬ־Ҳ˵ִͬҪڹ͹չ׳ˣҪ߳ȥʲô߳ȥڵǼС𣿣Ȼǲܵģ
һҵ½Ų޵ģҪĸӳӰľ롣ûкĸûһִܹһ֮ƵżӵĹ͹ûкĸӢ޵еľܲеʲôطӰ쵽ʲôط͹ֻһȫĵˡ
һ죬ԸⳢжϹ͹صĺʱôû˻ţ͹ȷǹʵս
Ǵ֣Ҫڴ棬ͱдַ򡣺ƽֻ⽻ϵһŪ˵ĿںŶѣҪҪĻѪȱٺĸһ֮


382 ʽ
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һǰĸԴԴһ󣬴˵ĸԴȻԴ
ںӰѾ鼰ȫĴ󻷾£עֻȥ򳣹ս
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Ҫ̫ƽս̫ƽеľ»أʣ¾ҪĸˡڵǣȷЩغͺĸսȺܹԶԷγЧѹƺʹȷԷķжвЩغͺĸ档
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ҶүӲڼ䣬֮еĺüλϴϣҶүһԼҶҵŲ
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ʱƵ׶ҶүȻҪعˣĿȻҪġ
ҶϿϲɺذͬ־վ˵
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аɣҽԺסˣǾòϰߡҶүӵ˵ͷ
ʵҽԺҲͦá˵
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Ϊ˷ɴסҽԺˣ󲿷ֵ鶼иȥҪ˵飬͵ҽԺͿԣ⵹Ҳܵ顣
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ҶүǾóȻˣɵϰ߲ûиĵȻ⼸겻ôˣǷȻδ٣Ȼ͵ĺܡ
ַķǱȽϴģһ˭Ҳ벻ҶүӵķȻô˵һġ
кҶү֮󣬽ͬ־ͽܵղŴ۽ĸ׵ʧҶˣҶͬ־Žġ
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ĸҪҪ̬ȣҶԼҺĸҲûôֿԿԼҪĸʲôôҲе̫ݳˡ
˵һҺĸڹϣһĳǵǷǳģһԹܵصķƣһҲȽϾ˽ԺͰȫԣǶԣǶںԣҪһҺĸô׵ġ
ΪӦñ֤ĸӣпάϺ档үӴʱʲõرʾ˾̬ȡ
ҲǷǳпϵģҪϺִĻһ굱п϶ҪоŸ½ѲģôһҺĸ϶ǲܹǿȵԾҪҺĸִȷϺİȫ
뷨ǺõģѾһټµõĺںӵĽͧѾԴճһĸˡҶүӵ˵ͷҿҪĻͬʱҺĸȽϺʣԿֱϺ˶ġ
ҶүӵĻ֮һ𶯵ģͬʱҺĸȻھδؾͻԹڹɱȽϴӰ죬Ǵ϶ܱ߹ҹһвΪ쵼ǣҪǵľ֮£͹Ӧòȡ̬Դܱ߹ң
ԶϵˣôʲôҪǵģҶһ仰˵ۡ
ǵԭǲϵġ̾˱ʾ˷ԣʱ򣬾ȷ˹͹⽻ԭֱҲǹʹϵ⽻ԭǲͻԭ򡣡
ǷǳġҶ̻شڼʮǰ⽻ԭ򣬸ڵһˡͷٿһܱߵһҸûˣһûѹǵһûбΪЩƨɥʧȻѾˣǾԭ𣿡
ҶһְѺܶ˸˵ƿԡ
ԭܷʾ̬ȷǳ֣أΪԭǱصģǵߡ
֮ĹϵǷǳеģ˶ҶĽʾǿҵķԡ
ΪʲôҶʵ
Ϊ顣ɷǳ򵥡
˵ûеҶĻҲмֲĵĻỹܷչ˵͸ڱ䷨ʱһǿ֮ɱһǲģʵ֤뷨Ǽ˴ģԽ֮ЩľЩҲӦñˣ
˲ȻŭΪҶҶүӵӣǺӰͳȥˡ
Ϊʲô͹Ŭô꣬ȻֻңҶʵؼԭ򣬾Ǳסˣû߳ȥô߳ȥȻǲܵģҪ߳ȥͱкĸҲֻһҺĸһˣ͹ٵ⣬⣡
˵ʲôƽ𣬼ȥɣҶ˵һ𣬾ҪСΪƷģʱҪ涼ѣͲҪʲôͬˣʵ
Ҷ磬ټη壬ж࣬ϲ˵˾ȻаСʱ֮󣬴󲿷˶ϴˡ
ƺҶҶ˵ľҪӴĸսԵĻǼֱˡ
Ȼ⻰еˣʵϴҲˣڼϾҪͱᵽճ棬ϾôһĿ˴Ҳǲ˵ġ
ţֲһ춼õĶڴ£ͬ־̬ҲñȽϻ
˵ʵڻ˼ҺĸĸӵĻʵʱ˶ҲӲϺܶ࣬һǷǳͬġ
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͹ûʲôĹʵλӣҲûǿĺûǿԶ󽢶ӡĸӴйϵ
ĺĸʱԿԷļſڣټսĸǰ뾶ܹǵĹػشüĻƾû˸ˣҲʵ
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飬ʵ֪Ҳˡ
Ϊһϳ¼ҵĳĶȥ˼̸¶ѾúԴ²˾裬˹Ǳ߶Ѿ˷ȴǲôõõҺĸˣҶԴǸе൱ջġ
ʱᣬȻҪϳ¼ϵҩôҶ֪һ£ͷȥ֮󣬾ЩʲôĹƨ顣
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ΪˣҶôԸϳ¼ҵҶôһ˵飬ƶ˵棬ǻЩġ
Ͼϳ¼֮԰ΪҶҵԵʣĻǷһЩ飬ҲδؾͻĽ֡
Ҷү֣ȻĻ˶ҶҵȨƣֲྯ裬ĿԸҶ˵ϳ¼ҵ顣
ʵҲνˣҶѾȨ㳯ҰǲʵôҲûõģǸ˶ֱܹʲôôҶԴ˵Ǿúν
˵ҲʵҶ۵͵񣬶ܳȥ
һгίίԱôܹŵο滹˾Ӱν˿ɱȣôһɼ˵ǹڵһҲΪ
ͷĴãһ˭֪Ҫ˵ôȨҲǲܵġ
ܶණһӦ֮󣬾ͺѻŵˣȨˡ
Ҷ뷨͸ҶүЩͬΪȻѾˣǾ͸ɴȨµˣαڵˣ
յĽ֣һǼ״̬һ־Ǳ˸̨
ǲһֽҶһҶұھһǱֵģҲҶڵ
ʵϣڵĹڸҶھĲ࣬ϳһΪļǵĺɫʱתγɵģֻЩ޷֮ΪһĴţʵҲûн͹ĺĲ㡣
1992֮ǰòûгΪŵصעĿꡣ
ȨΪĵĹ棬˺ȨӵһУԷչòҵ㲻ʲôһ˵Ŀ²ҵӡ
ֻǴӽ꿪ʼҶ˲ͬ⣬еȻǻп̬ģеȴѾʼĵзչˡ
һζԾ÷ĵ⻮жʵϾм֮ĲĴڣֻǴҶǰԼ뷨гȴûнйϸгоǲôԴʹ͹ʼǴڶĹؼ
ҵľܣеǱ߶ȥˡҶүӶҶ˵㸸Ǳ߶ѹҲǱȽϴġ
ΪԭƶгΪھ÷չͷѾΪڹʶʮҶƽίԱ飬ȻҲڷչ龭õľġ
ữĹ쵼˳ίǣͱһ̬ȣǾǸĸ￪ŵľǲᶯҡġ
Ҷү˵⣬ҪŶʼ飬ֽʼ׷׷̶ָ׼һôһҶƽ鷳¶ͱȽ϶ˣЩ˴󲿷ֶǿװȥģҪأȻǲܵġ
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Ҷү֮󣬶ʱЩ㵵ؿҶжݵİ
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ҶүӼȹеķչֵĶҶƽ;˳ԶҶϲеĲΪ飬е׼ˡ
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ϰյϰհ㵱ʲôأ׵Ȼܵģ
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̫֮ңԶˣǸʱ飬Ҳ˵ʹ˵Щǰ첻ġҶү̾ͰҶˣ˵ûôλгίһҲ첻顣
Ǿû취ˡҶһ̯Ե㣬ҲʧΪϲߡ
Ҷүĥһ֮󣬵˵ͷΪƽĸ￪ƵͷΪԵҲδɣֻǵﻮš
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С͵¥ˣҶʵôȥɶˣ
ҲȥֻƱ˶ѡҶЦ
ʵҶҲԸǣֻЩ鱻۸ͷˣȻӣǶɶǱ߶ڴ򿪾棬ȴţɽѹƣ϶ǲ̵ܹģΪҶҵĻҵҲҪƽ顣
ҷ֣Ǽ¶ࡣЩֵ˵
ûа취˶࣬ͶҶЦЦ
Ҹ֯һëŶ濴Ҷ۾˵
ģҶˣʱе⣬е˷ܣͷ֯ëµŮӿԽԽˣû뵽СȻרΪ֯һë£û뵽
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һͣҪʽĻܵٵܹעģǳ͹ˡ
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ˣšҶижһѾץס˳˫֣ԼУ˵ݴʵ̫ˣ벻ʲôԻرģ˰ɣ
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ҵʥĳ𣿡Ҷܹĵʵ
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ҶҸϳ飬ܶڲﶼ֪ģԶԴ˻мҲ٣ֻǴȨƵλȽϣ˭ҲȲҶңֻǿɧѣҲûʲô׵ϣ
ҶھүеĵλǺܶصģһϳ¼ҵӶ̫ˣʲôܹ۾棿
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ҶС档ҶȻ棬Գ˵ӦټһŶԡ
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ʵϣŪôһȥǵʱһʱ嶯;е˼ˣֻ֯ë̫Ѿˣ˵Ļ鷳ԾˣʱҶ֮üЦҲûа׷һࡣ
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386 ǽŵͷ
ŶҶˣʱһ㶣׳үǸʲô˼
ͷʱ̸ŨǱҶһûзĵֻüɫ̸۵һЩ顣
Ҷû˵˸λԼԼһ裬Ȼţһ߶ﳶ
ҸյʱǿԼҵȥģʱ鲻ǹпڷԣĶҪԼˣǱ𿴵Ӱϵĺ飬һɫҲװ˽ñǺ˵˵иͷ˵28죬ֻãŰӾ͹ģŪ˼ںĳӣǵӰϲ֣ڵӡиֻͼĳӣҴ˰ꡣ
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밡оиӵʲôӣɵʱ˭ҲЦ˭ûбûкڲж˴ǿɻ񡣡λΪܵĽ˵ɩ֯˼òľȾɻҲģôװǵõʱüĺ⣬ƨɹ·ĥƨɣ⣬껹ء
ʱеĴͲˡһͷ̵˵Ǹǹ·ãʳԣһ֣
⻰٣ʱʲôʲôҲûаǸܵͷһʱ£Ĵȵҵһβμսͱһˣɻһ֦Ͳų˵˭ɻ͹˭ãˡ
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ֽɻһ֦ʽǹǹرĲƷս֮ǰǹǵʱõĲǹֻװӣʵҲֻ巢ĵ˹˿ǣ̺;Ȼձ˴ǡ
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ҶͲ˾죬ʽǹǷƵĵ¹ëɪʽǹṹƷҪʽӵɱ˵Ҫʽǹ󣬵йʱǹе칤պܲëɪǹľ̶ܳʽǹ޷ʵ֣Ծ̺˵ҪԶԶëɪǹͬʱҲʽǹ
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ţҶôɵġЦû˼ˣԽԽǹԽԽСҲûˡ
ϻ֮ǰ㶼Ѿݶ˾ˣͳʮȥһͷЦ
ҪǸزôͲֹˡ
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٣ԲסˣģϻһеղסˡЦЦȻԳү˵ϣҲ˽һЩĵǸӣƷĺܲģʿڻţŶʮѾɲ˳Ҳ߸ߴģǼֵܶܿķչ
ǰϣҼȷʵҲϡǸĵͷ˵СҲʮˣ¶Ӧÿˣҿͦʡ
Ա߶ļͷҲ׷˵ʾȷʵ֮ϡ
үû𻰣ֻЦЦĿ⿴ȲҶ
ֻҶһģȵ΢۾ǳãϸϸƷǲ֪ʲôʱĲҶ
ʵͻȻ¶Ҫ˵Ҷ棬ȻҲеʹġ
ŸոչĸԼǽǵͷ
ڳүӣҶҲһЩԹԵģֱ˵ŮѾżҲҪЩͷ߳˳ģǲ˵׻ⲻǴĿô
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ϾԼǱȽŽģһҶԼҲټԼۺʵȷʵԶͬ٭СôܷԼȥʲô֪ν˽ӽⲻ᱾ĩ
Ҷȵû˵Ҳûжֻǿֶѡ
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үҲеЩ⣬˵ѵҶû⼸λͷǹʲô𣿻¶Ĳںɴͻˮ˦Ҷˡ
ͷˣЩ졣
ŤͷҶʱע⵽ղŲ廰λˣȥǶʮӣߴӢٲȻһһ̩ɽĸоɵЩ죬С˭
ΪʲôҪЩɻطʵ
ͷҲóү˵ƺеʲôǱ̨ʡ
λүӣжûƺˣҶһƵı飬ȴһ
á˵ǰЩ岻ãһ㣬˰ɣ
ֲˡҶ˵ͷֲǲϵҡ
˭ҵĺӣôе죿ܿ˿Ҷܾеӣɵþ׷ʵ
ҽҶʿҸҶƽίǡҶػش


387 Ҳţ
ҶƽĶӣ֮󣬶ʱȻֲÿе죬ԭҶǬӰ
ʵϣЩ˶ԣҶƽҲϤˣȻ˵ҶƽѾίԱίǣǶһ˶ԣ治ʲôܹעĶ
ЩѾȥ˶ԣżܹעһ¼λгί̽һǵĸףѾǺѵõˡ
Ϊǵݸ߸ɣÿǳԷ˯ǲżǼ棬߳ȥΣΧһ𣬷йһ¶ʵĲĳЩ˵Ŀߡ
֮⣬ʵûʲôˡ
Ȼˣǣ߶ýҲеİ֮һ
ҶǬͬ־廹ãʵ
УеۣոĹһΣָûáҶش
ˣҪעˡܵ˵ͷֺʵʲô˼ΪʲôС飬Ҫ㣿
ȡҶ±ӣеرʾǶûˣҪǾĻȻ֪СѾҶˡ
ʲô
ʲôҶˣ
ĸͷˣʱһȻ
ҡҶָָԼıǼͦ˵Сδ򡣡
˶һ˳үӡ
үһ̸ͳˣŮ飬Լûйϵϲ˭˭ˡ
ʵү˵⻰ʱδûһźֻǰЩȻǶսѻϲ£ϵƵĪ棬ǵĺΣǾͺ˵ˡ
ǾЩŵӵУܹĳģܹģûм֮ôԼҪӽܸԼŮʶͼ޷ǾϳҵĲƺӰѡ
Ҫ˵ʲôѰ氮Ļõô
ԳүӶЩƨ飬ʵǲԸģǵҶүӸ֮䣬ҶͳճһԶҲʹȻҲûаѻ˵ˡ
ʱүֻǴӦӼ棬һ¸飬ǲǺʣûоȷرʾһҪ
ֻˣҶʵЩ̫죬˵书˫ҪǷڹȥλˣټϳҶҲǺкøУ֮ĸ£үôٳ˽ң
ȻںܶŶԣŮĻҲǴ۶һֳ룬һҶҿ϶ǲʵģҪŪѡֳĻ˵ҶǷƽϣҶүӿɾͷˡ
ΪĶ׳¸صҶϣʵϵӰʵȳүӺͷͬ־Ͷ٣ֻ棬еʱҶϲͷԲϲǰεŰ飬ʵε쵼˵ȻҪռơ
ԽĸսѹýˣүӾе⣬ֻδЩˣҲһ͸ǰӣе顣
ö֪ҶҲͲżˣΪҶ֪¶϶ǵһҪͷˡ
ҶķӦҲóүӹĿ࿴ס
ѡŮѡϳɳһµıȽϺáƺ𰸲ǺܷҲһۣҵ㣬ĵСȽϺʣˣҶʮˣѧָߣķչ
ҶˣʱЦЦԵЩмȥʲô
Цʲôе˵ʵȻ˵ҶҶǬӣΪҶǬҪüʸҲʲô¾ʵŶжʮͣвűҵɣ֪ʲôа𣿣Ѿˣܹˣ
Ҷеǳã˵ͷҲе̫˰ɣ
ģǵԷȷʵСˣƷпҲֵԼȥһԷ޵Ļˣ¶ɾͲ˵ˡ
֪˵ͷСûã֪˻ΪԼء
ͷ˵ȷʵ׶ҶٲûӦ䣬ôʮˡ
ʮꡣͷҡҡͷ
үӼˣǳãҶԼǰ˵ˣǳδЩ˾ȻģһҶ䳰ȷѾڴԼˣܸ˵Ź֡
Ҫ֪⼸λӳֶʶϡͿãսϻ˽ĵλĻͰɨسˡ
֮£ҶүӵļѧԨԴҶﶼ˲õſүȻ֪Ӧѡ˭ΪŮˡ
ʮôˣҶЦһʮԵʮԵٽʮоֵĸֳ٣ʮѵţôҪҶһͷͰˡ
㡭˵ʲô֮òᣬָҶ˵˵ɣ˭ʮôţˣ
ңҶһʡʥίҶͬʱоٽֳ˾ٽΣ¶Ĵﶼ֪ǿ϶ǲ֪ģǼΪϲģڼұӾˣȻѧ˼ұýˣ㲻öôԷĵϸûдΪӾǱ˼˰Ц֮
Ҷ˵֮󣬿Ҳһۣת¥ȥˡ
ʱСҶͬ£ֵ¥˵һ䣬үүҸҶȥˣϲˡ
˴кֱ֮ӾˣҲûĸͷ
ĺ֮ܿɫǳѿȻҶԣ˼ҸһԶЦǻܹĵӴ˺ð죬ǿЦ֮
ʱˣˡվȸǵ
үӵ˵ͷ˵˾䣬ˡ
֮ľͶ˶ŵӣûи˵˼Сûж󣬱ף٣üλװˡ
ܸĵĹϵ൱˾ͱʾϳҲ̫صˣȻ飬ôҲ˵׷Ұࡣ
ǸҶҲȷʵ֣ССͲ֪ǰүүҶǬҲǰ׶һͷЩߵ˵
ǼڳүӼҶһͨȻƽģŰҶүҲԹˡ
˵ҶүӵȷʵҪǳһЩֻҶүÿ죬ھȻѾȨ࣬λӶ׳¸أȴܹ
һͷȴǱȽ۶ȥ˼绰֮󣬾̾˿˰ɣġ˼˵ûʮĸоٽֳӱȵ˼𣿲˵ϳҶҶŵԣƾ˼Ҷ⸱ӣͲֻܹģСģȷʵȲ˼ҡ
ʲôôˣǴ󾪣û뵽Ҷ˵飬Ȼġ
ʮĽɲѵ˵߲㶼𣿣
Ҳţˣʱŭˣʲôƶȣѵ˵Ҷһ𣿣


388 忿ס
ҲѹĸеŭˣǰԵҶ˵󻰣һ֮󣬾ͷֲô¶˼ҾȻ˾ĸɲоٽֳ
ȷʵ˸е𾪣εʱҲǸٽѣֻǹ˿ְˡ
ԼһӣŻһٽζ˼Ҷʮֺ꣬ƽʱڣȻѾٽˣöô찡
Ȼû˵Ǵһ϶ΪǰҶΪЯȻ˲˹أҲ֪Ǹ߲ʲôЭŻٽζ
ҲţԼˣȻҲҶԼߵλϣսίԼҲбҪҴ顣
ҶҹȻȨƣЩ̫ˣͻŭġ
¶̫׶ˣЩˣȥʽͬ־һͷ
ܿ͵õ˵ͬǼͷͿʼж׷Լͬ´绰ȫϹص飬Ķȥһס
Ӧ˵˻Ǻܶġ
ĸͷҲСܹۣһһ첻ʱ䣬Ȼͼ塢ʮŶϸɲȥʴ¡
ô飬߲ڵһʱھ֪ˡ
ҶүӺܿʹ˵绰ҶʲôʱЩͷˣ
ʲôҶʱ˯ԺģէһҶүôʣȻЩ㲻״
ܺģھһͷǣ׼ʦءҶүЩ޿κεضҶ˵
Ҷͷڳĸͷ
⼸ͷ鷳һͶȥˣҶû˵治֪Щ˵ôġ
⼸¶ͷҶԹǱȽϴġ
ƾʲôôţҪûҪûף޷Ǿǵһûǹֵ棬󿿻óڰʤһ죬֮ϳܾûнˣȥ˻ģҪ꣬ʵ޷
ֻҲû뵽ǾȻ㴮ʲôҪ𣿻ûˣ
ͷ̫¡ҶүҶĽ֮ҲЩʵû¶¶еĵҪȥҽͬ־Ҳûʲô޷ǾûȤˡ
ʱҶٽҲõģʮҺǱͧһҺĸĹףӶʮҽͧɵһརӣףؽһֻһٽеˣҶ̫ᣬнϽΪ
ҶүӲжϣֲҶһƶģǵʱгίȫӱȽӰίԱǼͨģǲͷɡ
Ƶͬ־ˣҶүӵǺ֪Щͷ͵ģ
Ҷµ绰֮ȴе˯ˡ
ĥһ£ԼӦôصȴԼԼգ۸ͷˣǲش󷴻ĻǻܽҶҵĵ
ĸͷҶȷʵ˽⣬룬ڻǰѵ绰˳档
ᣬ˼˯ء绰˺ܾ֮󣬳СŽϣھһԹҶղŲ࣬ڲ
ϹҶү˵ģ浽賿ĵ࣬ʱ磬˯㣬Ҷƶĵ绰֮Ȼܲˬ
Ҳûа취Ҫҵ鷳ܵø˽һҶ˵
ʲô˼˵һЩͷеΣԺʵ
ĸͷʲô·ǸļҵĶӣǸʲôҶʵ
үү£ô֪Ǵðġеĵػشھ˯Ķˡ
ҪǷүүĻҲˡҶЦ˵Ͼ飬үүľɲ˵Һ˼𣿡
ҰְֺˣӦ֪Ŭһ£Ҷһ𰸡
ҶŽɵع˵绰ó֪¶ĿԲǺܴ󣬱Ͼɲûм̳гүӵ²˽·ⷽҲܸ⼸߰ʮͷʲô顣
Ǹɴ˸绰˵˴¡
ȵȣҲȻɲĸͷӵĵϸ
ʮ֮󣬳ɾͰѵ绰˻
Ŷ˵ʵһ£ܺĶҸ׵ϲ£ֻǺˡɶҶ˵ĵӽأʿڲδͦ¶һСӡ
⼸˵һ֮󣬳ɾЦŶҶ˵⼸ͷҲȤûиȻܵ˵ýˣ˵ûпܳɹүӿɿڣСҲͨģľǼˡ
٣һǵǺйͬԡҶЦЦ
ʵ֪浹ѧˣȥ˹ѧ֮⣬ȴקöһɱһǹԲѵԼѧɹЧ˵ˡ
ʵ̫ˣŪóСЩ˶ûʲôøУλشʲôҲǹˡ
ǿǳĵ̶ܲ˼Щ۸ҰɣҶͣһȻ˵
ɶʱЦˣԴ׵飬ҿɲ岻֣Ҵˡ
ɲˣҺôҲ¹Ƹ׼Ůɣؼʱ̣ȻͲһ£Ҷ̾ͱʾԼĲ
ô˵ģȻǼλ̫ϤүӵҪչ˵ģȥ˼ң˵ġɱʾԼѴүҪ֪ˣһ׼ùҡ
˵Ҳ飬Ͼ⼸λǳүӵϲˣȻϵԶнܲΪҶˣͶʰǰɣôĻϳҵıϵǶҪģ
ҶȻϳѡ׼Ůǲûظվ˵Ͽ⣬ûнǾͲ˵ǴϳҵĹүȻ޷õ˵ͬԳ̫ˣ϶Ӱϵ
һʱϵܵĴѾˣǳүҲãǳҲãԸǳʲôǷŪԼϵʧأǾͲʰˡ
ȻˣԼ취ˡҶ˵绰ȴĥ˭æ
ȥҲû뵽ʲô˶ͷݵˣαô壬һСֱӲô
ҶͰѵ绰Ǳ߶þ鴦飬ǸصĴϸɸһ顣
ҾͲţֵطһëҶһеˣҪЩͷһÿ
СĻشҲܼ򵥣һ֡
лл塣Ҷˣ˺ܶ࣬˵ؼʱ̣忿ס


389 ˮû
һ֮Ҷ˯ȫޣҪȥʲôطһʱ䣬ĵ绰ִ˹
ô˯ˣҶЩʵ
˵ǼͷҪ鷳ͻȻ˯ˡС˵ҰɣһҪô
ȥκɡҶ룬ȴҲûзʲôȥ
Ҷ˵κȻǱȽϽĵط˵ǽɷˮ⡣
ɷˮǹ˹ҲǾʤأɽˮ㣬ǧ˲ˣǾη羰֮һ
Ҷ֮Խͬȥɷˮ⣬ҪΪ߶Ƚ죬¶ȣܵĶңӦ˵Ǻˬˡ
ðɡ飬ȻȽ⡣
˷Ƶļڣھ棬ɹܣȥˮǱ߶һ£Ҳǲѡ
С֮Ҷͷһ򲻴ϲü۵ĳС㣬һױ۾Щ
㲻ǲϲЩ𣿡ҶеָָԼƤԳ˵
Ƕ㡣Ҷһۣû˯ãеȦѲŲױһ¡
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ȻҲǺٰҹżôһΣȻЩӦġ
˵˯߾ŮݵĲȻءҶ˵
֮ϸؿ˿ҶЩ˵ôһ仯ûУôо񣿡
ҶһϣҲû˯ãȻȵģһҹļó濴еζ
˸Ů˲һҶڻشʵԼڲ֪ʲôԭõúܣ첻˯Ҳûʲô󰭡
¶Ȼø˵𣬷Ҫһ󾪲ˡ
֮󣬳ʹӴһƬɫĶҶ
ʲôҶЩʵ
ƬشҶЩ⣬˵ܲĳԽҽҩ
ŶζҶ˵ͷ˼£ûУƵģθеһůš
ʵҽۣеʱͨԽܣΪʲôҪܲΪʲôҪԺȵĽأԼҲһƬЩп˵
Ȼ˵ЩǼıҽԵģǳԼҲǺеĵȵʱ򣬳ԽƬЩ֡
֪ҶЦЦʱؿʼɢʱеѾɢĩңͻĩңڲγһĸ֣ǵǺģĸ֣ʱҪԵȵĶ
˵ҲЩЩɻ˵
ǺǣܶȣͻȺܶʵǷǳġϲʵθθȳԾγһȣʱԽͻԽʣһˮáҶЦ˵ڹŴ첻ų⣬ʹҲҪر顣ܲĵԽĵ෴ֱܲȽͨĶȵľ΢ͨһ£ʹ֮ﵽƽ⣬ҽѧĻԭ򡣡
ôҲ֪Щʵ
ǰЩҽҶľȽϸȤ˳Ҳ˲١Ҷش
ʵΪС˵УǻԼҲ񽣻߾澭ʲôģҽ鼮ֻΪ˸ЩѨλѣЩҽʶӴ˽⵽Ĳ
ƵھһǷһӵģ۱Ƚϼ򵥣ȴҲҶ˵飬ɵö˵䣬Ŵر𽲾ԶֻҪԺˣ˯ˡҪΥȻͺˡԣԳһЩĶһҪˮŲθƬԣҲͬĵ
ȥɷˮ⣬ҪԵʲôأЦʵ
˵Ŀ㲻ӺũҲˣʲô«⡢ײ˸ɡ±ˮǺܲġҶش
ũҲһ㶼壬½ܲˡЩĵ˵
ĺˣû㵣ĵ顣ҶǳͣȻаյضԳ汣֤
ɷˮ֮ӭ濴ľΡĴӡ
˰ѳͣãȻٰӶоʱȻʣֻ̲ˮããĺ棬Ư㴬㣬һ޼ʣˮԱ߶ĸʽɽˮ֮Уǡɹ
˸е̾ģΧˮ⻹һһٶ๫ﳤĻ·˳ػ·УͿԿɷˮȫòһɫʰ쵵ɽˮ
治ɵ̾һ
ˮλߵʱ߶һٰʮƽҶֱȻһ£Գ˵ɽĺνһǧˣ滹м̨
˹ʱ򣬾ͼˮϴ˲٣Щģδںϻȥġ
ҲǾҪˮɼءҶ˵
ŶҼҺȵģȪɽɽȪˮÿôͰװ˹һΡŶһȻ˵
ǼǲǼҴˮġҶЦ˵
⻰ҲǼٵģүӽȽ϶࣬ϲ裬ԶˮʵҪȽϸߣҳүӽӸλȪɽˮϳһǱϰߵġ
ҶҾͲһˣҶүӺͶүӶһģŮԼҲŵñȽɣûôƽʱҲ͸ͨ˲࣬ûʲô֮ϳұȽԵñȽˡ
棬Ȫɽˮ˶ˣҶǲҶһ۵
˵С㵹ûǿҷԣʵϣүһǸ㾭õģҲӳиҵڽзչǹڶϵĽרҡ
ֻҶУ׼˵ĽֶҲǲǿ⣬ԼȻͬնȻҪ˵ĻҶҲһȼ֮ŸӳɵģˣȲ˼ҡ
ҶҲһ²Ϳϸ棬кܶͿġ
˹һȦһˮϵľƼңδũˣƷСƣĵʱ⡣
ɷˮãҰȥġһԶȻüͷ
ţҶžƱСã˳ı飬ɵЩ죬ͷ˳ų߷򿴹ȥʱ򣬾ͷǱ߶һδϣοʹǺȶˣͳ̲һСˮˮء
ҶҲθڣȻ˵۲Ϊƫƫ˸ˣޱȡ
ˣһθҲûˡѿӷ£ЩƵ˵
ǺúõǲȴΪСļһ£е⡣
ˮûˣȥŪɽȪˮˡҶҲûθڣǱ߶ϵļοͣ޵
ǸеԶˣǺÿģӰ˳СҶٵ飬Ⱦ˻ȾˮԴǸ


390 Ҫڣ
Ҫһصķζģôһ˶ʱûθڡ
ÿ첻֪жɷˮ߶شСأҲ˲٣뵽ɷˮĿٺóԣҶͳҲԸⳢˡ
ص߶󣬳ȻԴЩڻЩ˵ʵǺܳ⣬Ҳ취Ӵ󴦷ȣ飬ʵ̫Խˡ
Ź˾ˣЦ˵Ǻǣⲻ˵ģסͷסβһСľͺҵϴˮôˮ棬˵ˣֵ鶼УÿΪ棬Ҳʬ׵ģҲΪٰ
˵ˣ֮˸еˣʱʾ
˾ǺһЦͲ˵ˡ
ҶижʵЩöˣǰ־ʹС飬أǵĽͷҲûй⼸ץýذѷŤתһЩҰͱⲻˣôĿҲûмްɣҪĹͷ˭˵ҹޣǾ͵ؽˡǼȷʵܳ⣬ûʡ
ԭҸ쵼ȥӡȡ˾飬Ҳɵò廰˵ʵڻҪˡ
ô𣿡ҶʾһȤ
˾˵ÿӡȵˣĲӡ
Цƣӡȣ޴ڣؾ¶׶µǾֵܿߡ·ߡߣ̩ȻشСӡˡ
ӡȵĴ󲿷ֳڿǽĵطשڼӣͳרʹõĹڹũ壬ļªҲ
Һ뿴һϹͳ֣˵ӡ60%ⷽ㡣˾˵ӡũ壬ǲݴСڵ·ԡǽ£㳣Կĺۼǵ˵ֻҪҸ΢һĵطܽ⣬ŮɾͿˡ
ӡũ˼һȽϱأŮֻճ֮ǰ֮㵽ľн⣬ַܱĻᣬҧ˵ĻᣬΪҪƫƧĵطȥ
ӡĳ򣬲һ˿ڶƶУȶӣ˼һգϲÿղòԵһ¡
شСĴͳҲӰӡȵĹ󣬺ܶ緢ο͵֪ϣרű˹۹⾰⣬ӡũĵ··ͬУ洦磬·࣬ôЬմණϵĲʡ
˵ӡϲץ˵ǳԷ֣ϲ֣˵òֽպˮ¶𣿡Ҷ̲סʵ
˾֮󣬶ʱеǳƣͷܳϴιȥͺˣʱѵҲֻ֣
ֶֻõĻ˵
˾ɫʱúأȻ뵽ĳЩõ顣
Ҷ͸˼Ц
ӡ˵ϰߣȻǲõġ
ʵӡֻһЩѣĳЩƷҪǿˡҶĳ飬ɵøп
ʲôʵ
һңǵ裬ʷǶ׫ĻǳϮսʧܣλǱ̬òݣԸƼ٣ˣ⽻ΣԷݲˡҶ˵Ȼһ䣬ĸң
ݣݲˣЩȷ˵ѵǣϺ
׳캣һϸɲء̷ʤζԽͬ־˵
Ŷôͬ־Щطʵȥͬ־ˣΪʲôҪأ
캣ǰүӼ׵ͷܺģҲϸˣͬ־Ȼһ׳ǶЩǰǻǱȽصģ棬Щȥͬ־ǣһǷǳĵģûе
էһ̷ʤ˵Щ˴ڣͬ־;ЩĪ˵Һûаʲôǵѽ
ΪҶľζ⣬Щͬ־ʾΪǲģ׼Ҫһ˵̷ʤ˵ʵδûеֻĸо
ô֪¶ˣͬ־ˣɵôüͷ
˶ӣ˹Ϣй¶ȥˡ̷ʤܻش
Ҳֲ飬ҵ١ͬ־еǳˡ
ί飬һ׳зȨ˲ֲУϽȨУһ׳ȨҲҪһȨ
ҶΪٽǷǳʵģͬ־Ҳϸµ˼֮󣬲ؼҶһŪʮҺǱͧڹ͹Ӱʵ̫ˡ
͹ĺһֱȽڽڣȷص㷢չǱͧ1954Ԯ˵һ֧ǱͧӡǱˮͧӡ
50ֱ죬촬ҵƺͽ콢ͧصҲһֱǱͧƳĴǱͧǱͧ
ǱͧǱʱҪܾ޴ѹֲͧҪԶͨ豸Ҫ׵Ĺҵϵϣˮ潢ĵмʮǱͧĲʮ
Ϻ̨Ȼз촬ҵԲܶǱͧϺҲֻͼڹװ
͹쵼ڽ躣֮ȷɹһҪԼ죬촬ҵͬʱ㿪ʼǱͧ
1959Ժ󣬹͹50ˮƽRǱͧΪ033ֱͣ70ĩǹ͹ĵһǱͧϰһڡ
60Ԯжϣ033Ļ035ͣҲǹ͹ĵڶƵĵһǱͧ
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ֻڵڶǱͧ󣬵ĴǱֲͧЧ֮ǰںǱͧӣе׽ˡ
ںǱ̫ͧҲݻ˵ǱͧһҲҪ
ڷչǱͧͬʱ1968𣬾Ϳʼ˹ͺǱͧƣ0911971ˮ3뺣ۡ
ֱ80ڣͧأͣͷϣβս
أ80ĩƳɵһҿˮ·䵼սԺǱͧΪ092͡
һǱͧˮ׼ϲ˵091ֻ4ң092ֻ1ҡ
˵ˣⶫթʵǿиɡ
ҶһγȥֱӸ˵12ȽĺǱͧݹ;ʵ̫ˣֱ޷ۡ
ͬ־һٽζʵϻǺܱصģôһ飬ھȻҪΪʲôͬ־϶ǲ˵ġ
ӵľҲҪһ£ƾʲôͬ־Ͷ̷ʤ˵Ҫڣ


391 ֽ
ͬ־϶ǷǳõģΪЩʵǳԱŵû¶ɣҪĵϸ
ѵͲϸһ룬ҶΪʲôܹٽζ
Ĳ˵ֻ˵ίͬ־׼Žͬ־䷢飬гί֤Ȿһַǳ¡صʽ
ôûκһ죬ǵõĴģҶǶһݶ
ֻһЩ飬㹫ҶζܽеģûҲܶ⹫͸һЩ
캣ǾһȺϸɲȻҪ׷ʴ£Ȼûʲô󣬵Ǵӽͬ־ĽǶ⣬ž൱ڱƹˡ
Ҫ̵ܹĻôҲδ̫һЩԽͬ־Щ
Щ˼ңǲðġ̷ʤ˽ͬ־ķԸ֮еЦ
Ǳſֵ̬Դģʱͬ־˻޷ˡ
ҲҪЩͷǴ򽻵ȷʵȽ鷳͵ĳֺõĹⲻҪɫ
ôѣͬ־ʵ
ȻһЩģǿԿ˷̷ʤ֪¶϶ǵԼˣܲýͬ־һȺͷǣĵظͰɣ
Щ˼˵ץһ㣬޷ˣ˵ʲôǲܲ˵ģֻһΪʲôҪôôǲͬġ̷ʤ˵˵װҲãҲգ޷˵ģֲܰǸȷʵҪһЩֶβѹȥ
ԲҪȥһŵùġͬ־ʾ
̷ʤ֮󣬾Ҫɱҡ֮УܲǳһŶ⡣
ҪҶҳһˡ̷ʤ
Ȼ̷ʤܸЩͷǵĵһνӴͲǺǢ
ûȥܺģҵ˼ƻƹһˣιһίԱ
ϵҲаʮˣԶԣƢǱȽϳȵģελҲϸߣ̷ʤܸ֮仹һССĽ飬Ҳ̷ʤΪʲôҪҵ˵ԭ
Ȼ˵ܺʼٸߣƾǵҪôһĿԣǺܴЩ˵ҲδضҪҶҵΣ൱һԼĿģһǴ֡
飬С̷Ҵˡϼ̷ʤ֮󣬾֪⣬ֻϵ̬Ҳ̷ܼʤܵĵ⡣
ϣҶ飬ȫͨģ˵ԭǱܵģҶϵĲأҲܽаҶΪٽֻǿһ㣬û㹻ɣͬ־ͬ⣬Ҫ˵гίȫ޳ˡ̷ʤ˵ôƹýͬ־еǳΪѡ
ʲôϺһȻûйΪʲôҰ๫֮ڣ
̷ʤƲƲ죬˵黹治ù֮ڡ
Ȼ˵ʮҺǱͧźĸѾ˹͹Уڻջ˶ʮҽͧɵĻརӣЩûг׸
ʱ˲ôһû׼ὫӻʱĻңͺѿˣͬ־Ҳǿһ㣬̷ʤ˽¹ͨϣǲҪ֣Ӱ˴֡
ԶһЩĿ꣬ǶҺĸģ¶ҲҪҶָ㶨ڶʱڣͬ־ǲ˸Ҷġ
Ϊһ쵼ͬ־ѴҲܶ࣬ʵǿ¶ʼеȽģ½ϵսԽԽԶˣǺϵȴʱ̴ڣҶԣһգϵķǱⲻ˵ġ
Խͬ־ҶЩ飬Ƿǳ͵ģҲΪٽ£ڻϻص飬ҲֹɣеһУ޷ǾϣܹǿԼӦ
ڵջԣֻҪһҵʱѵӦ͹ͿƽһĺʵһĸͶʹõĻ͹ԶҲߣҶۣϺ㹻ˡ
˵߶ȻҲˣϾôȵ飬ЩǱͧţȴҲ
ϣʱȷʵ򵥣ίԱҲϸıҲ֪ġ̷ʤ˵һıƹ¶ǻ鷳ʱ򲻺ճ
飬Ȼаաȴû̷ʤܵľ棬һ
̷ʤܼһνӴûнҲɵҡҡͷȥ
˼̷ʤܴܹĥһ֣ͷȥ֮ԭڹίһίܽ绽꣬ŹίȡܹڹзӵãԽԽСеʼįˡ
һܺĲ֪Ϊʲô飬ҧסҶٽ⣬Ҫһ˵Ĵ֣ⱳûеίԱƲҲôס
̷ʤܴҲѣܹܲһӴҪĿҪеģʱ˵˼˵С̷¶أû·ǾͲˡ
ȥ̷֮ʤܾĥһ£˵¶ɵСһޣȴûҶʲô¶ˣƺҲ׵ɣ
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ɲ̷ôģȻԼЩ鷳¶һף϶ǽͬ־ˣ̷ʤȥ飬̷ʤܷ鲻ð죬ҪҶҲˣϾҲҶҵ顣
Ҷɲô룬ٽòףԼ滹ǳԿģ˿ˣҪ£˵ҶҶǲӦԹ۵ģӦ÷ٻͷһ룬Ͳô¶
ڵìѾתƵͬ־Ǳ߶ˣҶ֣ûʲô壬г𱨳й˽߶ѣûʲôʵ塣
ĽʺģҶҲⱻ˼ʣֻҪû˺ʵ棬нľͷӣܹв
ңֱֲӶģʲôֵ꣬
ǣڴ£ҶǺܷϡ
Ҫһ̷ʤܵ飬Ƕı̷ʲô뷨
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Ҷ˵ǺãҸܺĸ㶨ҪੲݵĻҿסġ
üʮأҶһȥӦǵ÷ѶǺʵ
ȥԸôˣɲɵΣؼҪҶӺֵܶģǸͻˣҶ϶ֲ⡣
Ǻãô˵ˡ̷ʤˣ̱ʾ
ô˵ҶͷҲʼٸߣҲֽˡ


392 Ҫؾ
飬Դͷټ˴֮ͬ󣬾Ͳԭôˡ
˵֮ǰֻΪҶ֮˽˶Թһìܣôʱ˷֮󣬾ѾڶƲϸɲǽⷢӵļж
ԶҶƽҲ˵飬Ҷ˵绰
ίԱίǣĴ԰ͽ˲٣ܺĸոտʼʱҶƽյϢ
ֻǵʱҶƽͷЩҪԴʱŹ˵һҶ׷ʲô飬ǵϸɲȺ֮
¶Ȼܺ֯ģǸԴȴϸɲвסˣҪֵʾһǵĴڸкʹڼֵҶķܵλа̷ҲҴ绰ˣǷܹµĿԣֻЩ˺еôϢġ
̷Ǽһﲻʡ͵ĵƣδؾͿģ˵ЩʲôҶƽ̷ʤܻǱȽ˽ģһ仰͵ĿĲ
޷ǾϣҶҰֵһ¡Ҷνػش
ӦˣҶƽʵ
̷ʤܣҶƽ˽Ƚ϶֪࣬λǽͬ־ҲǺЩһε֮󣬹ƻᱻ֣Ҳ뵳͹ҵ쵼˵Уʲô͵Ľɫ
޾ԣʱһʲôȻǴڱġ
ĵֻǶҶǷ̷ܹʤܵǰס԰
ֻǴӦ㶨ܺģԼȥƽҶش
ͷ¶²ô׸㶨ġҶƽ֮ĥһ£ͱʾ
ܺλȻְ񲻸ߣίûнǿٽϾҲʣ¶ˣڿǱȽеλģҵµһЩҲϱȽӰĸλˡ
Ȼ˵ǵЩϲδؾʲôãҡź֮飬ǿģҶƽеҶڲƽǡ
ҲôѾѼǵİѱҶʾ
Ϊʲô飿ҶƽЩɵʵҶҸԩ޳ΪʲôҪ㣿
ԩǽгˡҶشѵڳү齲һ£ԸҶƽ˵Ȼ˵¶Ҫǳ棬ͬ־ҲҪģǼȻģҵȻ˿ˡõоٽֳ㲻ȥϸɲ
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ðɣֻҪʶ࣬ҲΪҶڻش
Ͼ۸ݵͷӣҲʲôܹʵ飬ҶΪҶҵĵأ̫۸˵Ļ˵Լõ۶˿Ҳá
Ȼȱ˵Ϊŵĵ̳ˣҶ϶ǲмΪ֮ģΪ˵ǸˡǱ̵Ǹơ
ߣҲΪӵܵȻԽԣֽ
ֻеʱ㲻ȥ۸ˣȴһЩ˲֪ҪҴ
Ҷʱͽӵĵ绰ȥ֣ȥùܺĵһЩϡ
ϣ¶Ҷ֮󣬷ǳ˵˵
ˣʶеֵõġ
ʱʱģǻҶ棬ʶҲϰΪˡ
Ҷ˳ӣԸ䵱˾ȥ鲿
Ǻǣÿ˳ȥ塣˵˵
鲿ĸˣǶǺܾصģҲǳأΪҶҪˣҲܰǷųҶʹá
Ӹ˸ǵĹϵֶͬһ㡣
ûãҶ͵ܲΡ
ǰʱ򣬻Ҫ绰ǲܽҶ˾ݣǲô¶ˡ
Լľ֤ݳȥ֮̾;⣬ȻС
ݾǺðҶпһ䣬ӿԺ档
˵ǰʱҶݲ⣬ǾôһζʱӦ֮󣬾ͷôʵ̫ˣıͷǽ¶ʧɾʹˡ
ңҶٵҲǣ
ԼҪٽݣҶٵǱ˸ߵĻǾˡ
սܲδ¥˴Ҷӽ
󲮡ҶԶԶغһ
ƺҶӽʲô飬ûҶֱ߹ˡ
ˣ󲮹ʲôأҶе⣬ҶӽΪʲôͻȻܵܲˡ
ƺûʲôһ˾ΪʲôͻȻؾҲûиͨ
˺ܿ͵İ칫ҡ
ڴ棬λôǵͷˣ¶ҲеЩ棬ƺҶûĳһˣרŵĵ顣
Ųɣۺ첱ӴˣҪ¡Ҷòʱһ飬ѾԴĵؽˡ
үӺҶƽѾʹ£壬˵һء
ϺͿһҲʲôɫȻҴүŮ⡣
ôǸغ𣿡ҶЩʵ
Ҫ׵ҶֻܺڳүӼ洵һͨ˵ʲôѾڲ˴ʲôģδ޿ʲôģʵΣȷʵ
Լˣʲôûɫ˵Щ飬ҴҪһᣬͲдˡ
ǡҶӦһȻ˸ղ󲮵飬ʵոҿ˴󲮣ûпҡ
ЦЦҪؾˣβıܳ
ŶԭӡҶ˵ͷʱˡ
վҶҵĽǶ⣬ҶӽؾҲǺ¶
ϾҶүӵˣһͻĹһ⣬Ҳô˾裬ϾǱʮȥˣȻ˵ϣʿǸҲڣһʲô鷳ʱܻԼڸǰҪһЩ
ⷽ󲮽Ǻ¶
һ㣬үӵҲСˣί߶飬Ҫи˽ֵģҶӽԱȽϳȣжְľ飬ܷḻϴŵұʦҲȽ
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ڵ㣬ΪҶӳոɶ˾Ҷܲ˼ռ˾λðɣĻδؾǺ¶
ҶӽβıܳҲǱΡ
û˵仰͹ߴȥˣҶ˳Ƹǣ˴¥
߳ȥʱ򣬾ͼ¥潫ҫ׼ȥˡ
öǰ֮¶ģĽˡ
ҶЦЦҪھ淢չҲлġ
ǺǣʵŶپͦõģʵڡҡҡͷ


393 ҵ
ҶȷʵܺãããʡģֻҪñְͿˡ
ҪھĻȻпֵǽϽǣӬӪʵ̫ˣȻЩ˼ҼϵĽǣ뵽ԼҪΪЩĶǣ;еʵ
֪ԼĳЩʺ鱨ʲôģҪǰŵ쵼λ棬ҪΪһıε飬ȷʵеΪˡ
ȥǸҶҪһЩֻҪҶҵŴֻҪҶܹȲһ£Щ˿ɾǴ֮
˽֮Ҷں棬ǵӣȥϡ
٣ڳϿγġӺӾ濴˿۾ز鿴ϵҶһ䡣
Ŷû¶ҵáҶһ䡣
Ӧ˵ʱҶѾѼģصϸסˡ
ԭΪصүүȥүףӦǱȽϿ׶ģһЩϣҶʱˣ˵ûгܺķˡ
ϱصȷʵĲʿֻǸѧУʵһҰѧѧϵģΪһЩ⼮ʿѧƽΪѧƽ˽˸У
ʵ˽УİѧˮƽӦǱȹУúܶģҲ˵ûкȺ֮
˽ߵȽʷƾãڽ֮ǰѾ9˽ѧĹѧԺ(ѧǰ)1636ꡣ
ĿǰȫӵеĸУΪ6000ңоѧλȨĸУ4000ң˽УѧλȨ˽УֱΪ40002500ҡ
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˽Уܻ֮ôõķչڸߵȽʷ¼Բõ㼣һڳڵİѧʵУ㼯ʤѧӢ˲Ϳѧоȡ˾޴ɾйأһҪǵǾʮֿɵⲿͬʱ˽ȫڲơ
صʿѧλҲǸУ˽ܵģҲϵġ
ȻˣΪĵĹϵص֮ѧʿѧλȻ˳µطŽˣҺɵ̵һλá
Ȼٽ˼ǿٽһģҲһЩչһϵ飬ǰõġ
Ȼ˵Ĵ治ʲôǲһʵְȴһЩ
ŷ˰ƵĿʼƶܹƿصʽ˵ȻӣһҹĸоһССĴ棬漰ʽؼģܹƿصʽҲһ֡
Ȼ˵ͷкܶ쵼ԼδؾܹЩʽʹȨΪˣֱӸˣҪĳЩĿЩֽţҲʲôΪѵ飬ʽλ棬ǷúܣлȨ
еʱһʡĸְܵСȵҲ
Խڴأ쵼Խԭ쵼ԽץСԽǾҵʣǰѰѷ򡢹ܹ¡ĹĲˣ幤ɴǸ
е쵼Ը֣ķֶɲ˲ţҲǺ£Ҳܲʣʧܡʧ졢ʧලⲻһֲˣСȨ͸ˣ֮Ҳˣ͸ˡ
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ЩСǣ쵼ûϵƶҪȫҪתලҪܡ쵼֣ලҲˣΥɣ̰ܻŪְȨǲǹ¡
ĵλأȻǸյ˲ûжͣǧ顣
黹ֻһ׮дúزʱ򣬾ҸŮˣһ˽Ǳ߶˾֮ҲŮӣֱھеС
¶棬ȻƬˡҶһ߶һ߶ҡͷпš
ûϵͳһ㲢Щ飬ǲûȥⷽĵ飬ʵǾ鲿ҪԶڰȫֵ鱨ѼڸȽǸһϣһڵ¡
һʧˣΪԼûУһȴ֪ΪǵҶ죬ȴļҵجġ
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ϾҶϳҵ׼ŮݻѾֻûдĵضѡ
֮ԻӣؼҶͳеСûжҲǳүӳڶŮıϣΪʲô⣬߲һĻԿ
վҶĽǶ⣬ȴûʲôӰ죬ǺŵģöһԼܹô˵ĹؼҪţԼûΣĻô¶϶ǲ׶ġ
˴аСʱңҶ첻ͷˣ˴ӸڵķҶ͸濴ȥͼһλʮҵĸߴӣӳүӵĿԱ߶һλģӡ
ɽҶǿϳλߴӵݡ
ɽǵرʡίǣҲǳϵемǿЭֶ൱һνҪıһλˡ
Ҷǵòɽʱǿ˾ίǵλãΪ֮⣬ûһλܹȤ
˵ԭȵľίǷͬҲǳڳүӵ£֮ͬɳϵɽΣҲһֲĻүӿ϶ǲӦġ
Ҷ˼飬ͼүҲ˷ţվɽк˻֣ͱ
龰֮Ҷо͸пϵھ˼δ֮ʧǲСģүҲɽӣѾʲôˣֵͳˡ
뵽ϵеĴ󽫣ͬϳ¼ǣǱԼȥģҶ棬ҲһЩ˼
ŪóϵеˣԼȴ˳үӼ׼Ů֮ȷʵϡ
ԼϳҵһʺͿˣ治ġ


394 ίѡ
ɽ뿪֮Ҷ˳
үջĿ⣬ҶһʵͻȻܹеİɣСֲڣͷʲô¶
Щò׼ʾһ¡Ҷش
ŶүЩ˵ȥʾүүôˣ
үȻǵ¸أƺȴҲ²ҶΪʲôԼǾ˵̫ã͵Ъɡ
ðҶͷش
ҵԺӱȽϴͥԺľɭɭʱֵʢģȻԺӭڴ棬ȴеǳ
Ҷųү˴µʯԣʿȲ衣
үӺȲɡҶʾ
ոһ֮ͨ˵ǴǺϰߣʱȻ˼ڳүǰ˵һһףͽӹ˲Ȼүӵһ裬ԼҲһ
ղſˣүӺȻʵ
ţˡҶȻ֪үʵɽ¾͵˵ͷȻʵǹǵžǵλӰɣ
үҶĻԵЩ죬ֿ˿ҶȻ˵治֪ƽͬ־ôģôʮˣЩ
ٺ٣ЩǶĿȾʵҼûӲȥѧʲôҶʵػش
⻰ţƽͬ־ȻǸһЩ䡣үӺѵõһ£үүȻӸλⷽҲ㡣
ٺ٣ҵûоԼжôүˡҶЦ
Ҳǳүʸۣ˻治öҶ˵Щ顣
˵ڵļλгίʵ϶ҪҶүӵǳ٣ͬ־ȻҲʸ񣬵ҶĹϵȴûô׽ֻ˵ǱȽͣҲܸҶֻ
ȥҲǳͬ־ôҶһˡ
ۣʵҶҲǱʾ󲿷ͬģҶүȻӸλԹֱˣҶƽȻлĻᣬҲûбϻͷүӵӰȽϴ󣬵Լľḻ֮ĥıƲϲˣֶˡ
ⷽү˵û
ҶҲֻǹˣŪֶεˣһǽƴııһãùܵʱ͹ܣùʱ͹·ȷʵ˷ʤҲֻЩԹĿˣܹ֪ҶҵǶôֲ
񾩳ǵίСڼţǴҲ࣬ʱ䳤ܲ¶ͬ־Ҷ˵ɽͬ־ȽأҲǰ磬ڵرʡǣͻһҲˣȻҪȡһλã쵼ҲôĻԡ
ȷʵҺܿڳүӵ뷨Ҷʾ˳ֵͬ
ɽˣҶǱȽ˽ģһΣҲûзκ̰Ϊھ÷Ҳжļ⣬ѵõŮԼȽϸ񣬴δελıȡϢ
ִ߼쵼ɲУλӦ˵൱ˡ
Ҳò˽үЩؿҶʵ
Ǻǣҿ˱Ƚ׼ġҶЦЦλٲ᷸ϷϳĴףͻ˼ҲȽϿţʱû̫ȱ㡣λίǵĻҲǹ֮ҡ
үָָҶ
ͬϳ¼ҵλгͬ־ƶҶȥˣ¶˵ǳүûһ٣ҲǲܵģֻڳүӸӿҶԶ¶ҲŹˣϾôţƵһŮǱôҪǿܶࡣ
Ҷɽ֮ߣȴóүӸеЩģû뵽ҶȻɽĵطϵ쵼Ҳô˽⡣
ǲǶԸ߲쵼үЩɵʵ
ǵûУصעҲһЩҶش
ҶЩ˵˽⣬ʵҲǺȫ棬ֻʮԼ̫ȦЩ˵˽Ƚ϶ѣԻܹ߰˳ʣµɣ˭ûи˽ţȴܹõġ
ҶصעҲġʮλңЩѾʡķ⽮ЩּϷܶЩһҶֲ֮󣬶ύضԱǵиѼ
ҲһǷ˽ˣֻǶڵصһЩ˽ѣͬʱҲڹеһЩΪ˱Ƚʵļ¼
һ˹ؼʱ̣Щп𵽱ȽҪá
ôеɰүӶҶ˵
ڹ⣬ʵ鱨˾ܶġҶڻشҲƻһҵ鱨Ѷ˾רŸҪ鱨ϢѼγһȽйģǿ⣬Ϊҵҵ߻ṩ²ССֶѡ
мƻίͳƾ֣ôʵǶһ٣һ˲үӺԵ
ǺǣͳƾֵݣҲţҶЦЦ
ү̾˿ҡҡͷ
⻰ȷʵ˵˸ϣԾǵʱЩֻǼͳƾֵҲòȥͬ־ԼһЩݣΪȥ鿴ʵ飬ȻԼ飬Ȼġ
һ꣬ȫڸԾʳĶҪһ귭ضڷǡ1958սصĸ߲¼ϱˢ£68գĳСĶ2105Ķӵ3530
еũҵ֪ʶˣһĶܹʳֶһЩĳʶ
ڷųǡĵ죬пԺѧоǮʦڵϷʳĶж٣һġ
ǮʦʱѾǹ֪ߵĿѧңλȫ򶥼Ŀѧ꾡ѧ֤˵һ㣬ÿ䵽һĶϵ̫ܵ30ΪֲõĲֲ֣̫ܵ30%ѿĶ̼ˮϣ֮һǿɳԵʳôĶͲڵǧ2 00020౶Ⲣǿ̸
һƪ֪־ϵ¡ũҵеѧDDĶﲻ⡷УǮʦһѧרҵĽǶȽ˸ϸµļ㣬һ£һһĶϵ⣬һۺԼ94̼ˮ
ȻߵֲҶ̫Чʲǰٷ֮٣Ҳ1/6˵λʵԼ15.6
ֲ۵ʣֻһʳ񵾡һĹԼռһ룬λʳӦ7.8
˵ȫʮ춼졣
Ϊʧ25%ôʳĶӦ5.85˵Ҫȫ궼ůųҲҪٴһ2/3ۿۣôƽĶ3.9ˡ
ˣȻû߳Ȧܲ˸еź


395 үӶ
ɽ飬Ҷҿ֧֣رʡλãҲе뷨Ҷĥһ£ԼҪ
ƶɽ֣϶ҪһŬģҶҲܰ׳رӦеģҶҪѵرʡС
θڿǲСүӵ˵ҶԴʧЦ
ǺǣðҰֻ۵ԴӵĲе˵ȥˡҶҲЦ˵ʵүһ룬ܺġ
㵱ȻúˡүҡҡͷҲûзҶ뷨үүͬ⣿
ȥĹҶؿڱ֤
ʵҶѾǹˣҶƽλǽƵõҶҲûи̫ĴۣΪıֵĸ˵ǲѴ֮ôһҶҪֵϵֵĻҲܡ
ȻˣҶ;⼸ƱͶϵɽλƷǺֵҶģΪҶ֮ɽҶҲǵжԷ˫Ҳû̫ķ硣
һүӳȥ֮ɽҶҵĿԣҲǲڵġ
ǳҪʱ̣Ҷɽ֦ʹһѺõ̬ȣȻ˵е˳үǽǵɣǴҲʲô¶
ȻҪүôˡ
رʡǱ߶кʵѡͣһ֮󣬳үӾʵ
Ҷһ֪үӻѾͬԼ飬شһ֮ڣһѡ͹үĿҴ£ȻҪΨǾ٣ʵˣҶҲȥƼ
ţ̬ȷġүӵ˵ͷʾ
ҶԼҲеȽϿģһʡԱλãô׵õģҶھȻȽǿ󣬵мӱܹһʡĴԱϵǿ档
Լһ˶ȥϢݸҶүӵĻ϶õ佱
һһ£̸аСʱӡ
ү˿ûƣĸоƺǷǳµӰ棬΢˫ĿȻʵΪʲôţΪɽɣ
ȻǣҲ֪ҶЦŻش
Ҷܿ˵ҵһЩϣߣүԿһҸ㱨һ£
Ȼߵϣҿʲôһ̫ˣү۾ЦЦؿҶʵ
Ҳǣǹ캣صһЩҪǲ֪˼һ£Ҳ㶯֡Ҷش
үӻҶ˵۶еСá
˶۸ͷˣܲһӦûУԼСҶҵ޹Ͳ˵ˣ˵ǸôһϳҵҲиӰ죬˼ĳãҾûбҪɣҶʵҪ̣Сһָ𣿡
˵㡣үӴЦƺܲȻҶһЩʲô飿
Ǹȷʵ׶ԼȻףɼԼһͿҶͽеһЩҪүӵ˳
ѧǼٵģģڹ⻹˽ӣڰˣյûм죬͸ǧĴ󰸡
үӿЩ֮󣬹Ȼܲˡ
⣬ҲͲˡҶųүӵɫ˵ƺ֤ݱСʱܹΧ֯ѵô˵Ͳ½ˡ
үҶĻֿ֮˿ҶṩͼƬϣ˺һӲŵ͵͵غߵ٣ˣӲ𣿡
ҶûںүǶ
ûүʹģһҲͿ캣Լ㲻״һӸŪΪǣððʧʧܵүף֪Ҷ֮󣬻ЩҪҶ֣ͼٽ֣̳
Ͳһ룬ϳѡŮѡҶҵĵܹǵ
ҲͷԼ򵥵ˣŻΪһкĻҪҿ˳ƽҶҵ
ǾͲϸһ룬үӿеŮǶ˵ģ
Ҫ˵Ҷõͬ־ˡ
⻹һ㣬ôֵĳԱðǽͬ־һ׳Ȩ飬һʼעҪʧܵġ
ʱδ߽ڣѾ⵽̷ʤܺҶ˫ؾѻ˵̷ʤԼӰ߽Щ˵ϣôҶֱʹ˸׳н֮ҪֱӲˡ
뷨Ǻܺõģһس¶캣Ȼû˼ȥ¶һ¶ܱȻҲܵӰ죬ԼҲ캣ĺ󳾣Ҷ㣬ôһ㣬ǳ״Ƴȥˡ
ҶӦ̷ʤܣҪ㶨ܺģȻҪ˵ԲǸЭĻ̷ʤܵ»Ҷҵʵ
ҪɵĿģܺԶҲ˲Կ˼
ȻˣҪΪ飬һͷҶҲǺܽ⣬ϾǶԷȣҶԷ¶˭ԼӲأ˿ҲԹñˡ
캣ǲ׶ѹһٽλϴô꣬ҲûлףȡҲԹñˡү˽ۡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ǹ˼ұˣôʰǼһҲû֪ͨϳңʡԺΪ¶ֳ
Ϊ¶үȷʵеġ
캣һ飬ʵ̫ɺˣһ޶竹ӣĿоͱҵгɵĽܳ꣬ϳҽף¶ϿԿǶƭүӵĸ顣
ҶţӳүѾѵ͵ĸͷˡ
ڳүӵеλǲԶģҶôүӶṵ̂ѻ¸οˣ캣һǷ˴ɣүҲˡ
¶ˣǰȥɶǵ˺öģһðϵɽΣصùүղصġҶүӵɫãӰóԼװںһֻɽΡ
ȻүӵȤ̾ͱŰɽθˡ
ҲڰɽˮսôͷɽΣǸʱҲûģСˡүӼ֮󣬾͵˵ͷʾԱ߶ʿˡ
ͣҪݵɽΣǿԵıʹõģҶ˵ղأǺ׼ȷ
ҶһСʱ֮󣬵ĳүܲˣŸȥ
ȵҶ뿪֮󣬳үӾһߵʿ˵ųȥϳҲӭ캣ˡ


396 Ҷı
үӵĻܿھˡ
źܶ˶Щ죬үƺûôȷضĳһضʾ֮顣
үڵڵĵλǵ¸صģͬ־Աȼ硣
ôĹУڲµҪǱȽϸģΪҲϽȴģ֮Ϊˣ²ܹôӢţΪͬ־
ɼԴˣǳүһֱеԭ
ֻǹô֮󣬳үӸͬ־һѾصڵˣ˭Ҳû뵽ʱȻųôһ仰ĳЩһ⧲Ĵ
鷳ˡ
ĳԺ֮УίԱеĵ˵
Ȼ˵һε飬캣ָģĻƶȴôȻҲеû¶Ҫһ壬Լġ
ֶʱѾһȽϹؼλãҪӳʡʡλϷչʱѾȽˣҪλô׵顣
һܺͻȻȥˢҶĸ͹ϵˡ
ڸҶҴ̨飬ǺܸȤ¶Ǹ㲻ģתһ룬;һĻᣬˢһˢԼĴڸУͬʱҲܹȡû׼ֶܹʡ⡣
ΪĿǣʹӿʼĲԸһεҶжĻƶߣ⼸ʮͷӵУһѡ
˵һε飬ѾܸˣܺĲǳǰȷѣ֮ˡ
̷ʤܿ϶ǿһ㣬ֱӾҵҪ֣ûдӦĻԤĿ޷ʵˡ
ֻаִˣлĻᣬ¹ֶӵǰ̣Ȼ;ϡ
Ȼүӷųһݻȴٵķա
ͬ־ôͻȻ˵ֻЩ󲻶
ܺĵţֺݻ̳ˣͬ־Ƕô캣ʱ޷ȷԼһڣǲǺˣ
壬Ҳܰ;ϰ鶼еһˣͿͬ־Ǳ߶ʲô̬ˡֶʱҲǷǳŵģڳͬ־ӰǺͬܶ˶Ϊȥķͬ־Ѿûʲôһ޷Ǿһλ˲֪Ϊʲôԭ򷢳ɧѣʲôأ
Ҫעģ飬ԼĿġ
ҲʶˣȴеɸֵصԴ˵ͬ־ķЩǸͲ
ͬ־ʲô̫涼Ҫصڵ쵼͵ʱ棬Ϊ˾޴Ĺףͬ־ĸġ
Ȼкܶ˶Ϊͬ־ͬ־Ǵ̨ģĻ˶֪ǲǱѣϵͷϵһ棬ûбϵֻǿⷽЩˡ
˼ǣЩĵʵ
ڵѾʮˣܹʡλҪĿԾ͸Сѹ˼С
ѾûиͷˡԼ˼һ֮󣬾¶˾ġ
ԭҪڴҵĺŪǷǣȻˮģϧǽͬ־̷ʤʵѾ⣬ֻԼܹƿؾƣûдӦ̷ʤܵĵͣ
ͬ־̬ѾȷˣһУǾܲһԼ⣬ֶӵǨȻҪҲܰԼȥ
Ļɲڲô򵥡
Ҫô죿еż
ϽȥǷ֮أԲܴˡ˾ǾֵⷽҲƵɱϡ
ֶ֮̾ס˾ҽԺˡ
湻ʶġ֪Ϣ̷ʤܵ϶ʱ¶˼Ц顣
ͬ־̷ʤܹڴµĻ㱨֮󣬾Ц˵ϵһ仰˴⣬ŲˣҲƲʲôˡ
飬ĺͷڱƶϸɲֻǴ̷֡ʤ˵ˣҲɵӣҹЩҪһ
ĺô죿Ϊġͬ־ʵ
ҽҶȥˣϾԼ飬ԼȽϺʣҲ°죬Ļͬ־ĳɳ̷ʤ˵⻰ʱ򣬺Щˮƽ
ͬ־ЦЦ˵λҾǱȽϲԽû׼ֱʲôء
㲻ҪСҶСˣ󶼰ˡͬ־̷ʤһ䡣
⵹ġ̷ʤ°ͣűҶļϷҺϳ¼ңҲЩ˼ɣҶ治һˣ
캣Ϣ֮ҲǾɲ֪ʲô飬ǵóͬ־˶ŭǴû顣
һθһȥͬ־׵λͷӣ
һοǱˣͬ־ĴŶȥˡͷӱԹ˰֮뿪
캣ҪҶжλûв룬ֻû뵽үӰҲǨŭˣǽŶˡ
ֻǴҶǷʲô飬˵ֻһҶóͬ־˶ŭģĺǳĺá
ˣѾˣҶҧͷֻޣǳͬ־ô߰ʮˡ캣ʱȴǹ˲ôˣҪһڶ˵
ǵȵȥ˵ʱ򣬾ͷͷǲǲˣϵܹȡϵĲʮˣʮ˵УҲһʾˡ
ɶô캣һȭԼϣ벻⾿⡣
ûйãµϢˡ
캣ӣΪλʿأԾ޶̰ܻﱻͬʱĻѧ¼СϢصҲڷǳص⡣
ڰشѾмίãʱϵˡ
Ǵҵ˽⣬ôˣ캣ȻŭҪȥмίҪһ˵
Ҫ侲輰ʱֹ˱ŭе캣Ҫ֪мίʲôʣزһƾʲôǳ֣϶һЩģֻи׷ʲô飬ܹһĶô嶯޲ģ
캣Ļ֮侲һ£ֻҲ֪ӵʲô飬ȻмίˣزֻһѰ
ѵ˵ЩصָأĲɣ


397 Ҷҵܳ
캣ȥΪضġ
ʵ˵ĺʵȴҲڴͻͻ֪һε龿ж
һСܱŪίȥļίȷʵ˳ԾģҲ˵漰İǷǳشġ
ļίҵΧǾ󰸣ǲֵģǸʡϵĸɲͳǧһСôܷ˼ҵ棿
캣һʼ϶Ҷ˼·ȷʵû
ֻҲҶ͸ôȻǿ
ͬ־мίӰ˿ɼȻ캣˵
캣⻰֮󣬶ʱһ
磬ͬ־мίǳ˴ģһӰȷʵǳҪسȥҲֻҳͬ־ʵġ
ǣͬ־Ѿų˻ʾӭ캣ţڻޣȷԼĲǱʾǳĶôһ˸ְ
Ǹô죿캣̱һɳ棬ѵȥҽͬ־Ҳ찡
˵Ǹͬ־ϤϤҲˣʲôܹ˵ͬ־ΪǳͷϾͬ־ı̬ϾζŽǽͬ־Ϊͬ־ͦλ쵼ˣôܸͬ־Ÿɣ
ǰЩʱǳͬ־֣ԼҶүӵı̬ƽͬ־λҲǲȵġ
ʱΪ캣ӳͷǳ룬캣ʲôǽͬ־ϵģ
飬廹ϵˡ캣ЩݹϵĻҲôʱ캣̾˿ҪǲҶЩ飬˼ҲʲôǵڣҶɿڣ¶ûꡣ
ҾͲǻ캣ǿӲ˵
飬ĹԱͽһϣǸոշֵİڴſڣд
ʲô캣ʱǻʲô˼ȥְ
ͽǰ£ȻùԱ𿪡
Ķǲ٣Ƭʲôľϰ֮࣬һЩԵϣ嶼Ƚϴ󣬺ʺ˹ۿ
Щǡ캣һƬ֮ɫͱˡ
Ƭ涼Ǹйصģ˺գҲ˵ĺգСӵƬóظеЩŮǹϵǳС
еһЩƬ棬ǱĳЩעЩλԼߣҵСص˽ӣǼŮݲصĽ
캣֣ʱɫףڣΪʲôͬ־ޣܾǵˡ
˼ҳСǺεȨӵǶĶ
캣ԼǸʲôûиȻ͸ȥף˵ȷʵ㵹ҲˣǿڵЩϣȫһѧֻ֪Ժζĵ竹ӣһƨɷծ
˿죬õүȥ԰ڣһ˼ѡŮѡͼҶٽݸү
ҲصЩƬʱ͵һ
飬˭ﲻˣȻǴ¶Ӱ쵽˳үӵ棬Ϊ˳ЩҺŪүӵСˣмί϶ǲŹصģ漰ǧʽ̰󰸣ֱӰ˶ͷ̨
Ȼǳˡ
캣̱ɳ棬Լȥү׵ĻͲǵҶҲҶͻǾͲкô鷳
ȴүүģְ˶ͷ̨
ֹݵģ˼ұһѧɹΪʿתۼͱʮ̷Ҷܸ¶Ҷʱ򣬾ͱʾ
ϻҪʵʵشţŵɫƻܶһӣ˭ԼأҶش
ǸҲǵùߵģԭлȴû뵽ǵҶһҵף̰ǧİӣ߷զأҲһֻţ÷
֮ҲҶֶιģһоأƺеˡ
ҶȴôȻΪĹϵʱǲھǵģǱ߶ĻȻѾƣҪȵɹҪһζʱ䣬ڼʾúʥ顣
ôһ꽥ĳСͳҶеǣˡ
ϾҪʮĳС㣬϶ǾЩȨӵǾĿ꣬ҶȻҪɱһֻһЩʶļһǣ֪ðҶҵҶٵϵ³
ԣһǷôص⣬ҶҪصģֻԼϵë̫࣬ҷ̰󰸣̫֣ԼĲҶõȦ档
ȥ֮ҶܹʡĲˣپиҵӵǣõҳ棬ǲҪȥҶ٣ʡѰ·
Ҷ˼֮󣬾ͷҶүӺȻҶӽҲˡ
үү󲮡ҶкԼ˸λ
ҶүڸҶӽ̸飬Ҷ֮˵СˣҪؾˡ
ҪܲγܳɣҶֱӾʵ
ô֪ģҶӽˣʱһ㶡
ǰҶЦЦҸղȥܲ˵񿴵󲮵ıӰԲŻⷽ롣
ҶӽҲǺüϽˣ˾λҲĹãβıܳҲ飬˵ͻأ
ıܳһ㶼ɾί׳Σıί׳λ𣿡ҶȽϹĵʵ
ȻǲܵģһλϣҶӽЦŻش
ʵҶҲôһʶѣҶѾһλί׳ˣһĸ׳ʱȻٳһ׳Ƕүȥ֮ҶӽĻᡣ
ܲεĵλܸߣֻܺӾμܿܲεְھί쵼£֯ƻӵıơװѵۡԱս׼̽衢սָӡȷ档֯ŵЭͬںͽ¹йͬйصĸ⡣
ʮΪӦִֺͬսҪǿԱֵļͳһ쵼ίڱװױ̱ȱֵ쵼رΪܲıҵţ쵼ֱԺУ
ܲı١򡢵֯һȫֶָԶչָ֯Чߡ
˵ĻıܳλҲǾأʵȨһľί׳ᣬҶӽܹλ꣬Ȼڽίθ׳Ҳ˳µ顣
ӦúȼΪ󲮳ΪҶܳףһ¡ҶȻЦ


398 󲮵
ԱܿͰ˾Ʋˣܼ򵥡
ҶһǾ磬ֻԽΪһЩڳԴöȷ棬ǷǳԷܹڼɣҲǺǿɫζȫӦ˵Ҷҷ񣬻ԱȽɵġ
Լ鴦ˣҶүӺһھƣҶѯʵ
һȺͷҪȥͬ־׷Ҷٽ飬Ҷүһ˵ˣ¶棬㲻ʲô¶Ҳû֨
ͽӵµ㱨˵ǹĶµ캣ѾмίˣʹԭίԱҲϢˣʮͷɢʱͽһֺıƹϷɢ
ҶүŴ£ǸеЩģԭΪ»ֵͬ־ǰѽе鷭ھȻ˱֣ʵеЩԾ
̷ʤܳȥ̸ģʱûи㶨Ҷͼ򵥵ؽһ£캣ص飬ȥģƨܲɾȻҪȥˣҶ鷳Ҳôҵġ˵֮̾ͳˣͷҲ˾һ֪ʲôʱýʲôʱˣ¶Ҳʲô粨
ӲΣǽ֮¡Ҷү˵캣ӳ©ʾͱˣټϳͬ־ȷ̬ԸڲŹ֡
Ҷӽ֮󣬾ͱʾҿ鲻򵥣ڸҶϰ
˵Ҳһĵ˵ƽʱ֪ҶҶүӵĻٽеŹ֣Ҳûж˻ȥ¶һξȻкüʮͷӶԱˣɼбȻı
ҲˣֶȡʡĹؼʱ򣬹Ϊ飬ҪʾһԼЩãȴû뵽ߵ壬ôû̵ǵһȺˡҶ˵
ΪΪʳҪû飬ƾʲôôģҶүҡҡͷȻԴЩΪȻ
һε飬ؼҶٽȻܣȴûèڣǼʹҵ˽ͬ־ҲڳʲôǻԼһֱȽε״̬
ôһЩͬˣͷ˺ƶˣܵº㣬͵ˣ⵹ǲȴҲҪ͵һˡ
һλӦһΪİɣҶȻҶӽ
һҶӽβıܳһȻΪҶͬʱӵλ˾һҲΪǰܳˣҪȥˡ
ΪսѵܲθĹǳ࣬Ǿί֮¸սսѵƽʱսʱȨ޶ܴҲǾί֮µĵһȨеʵȨҪһľί׳һЩ
ֻһҶӽΪүӵԭ򣬲δϾί׳ְֻξίίԱѡ
ӷҪ󲮻ҪٰġҶүӶҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷӽ裬޷Ǿ㣬һһǼ˶ѣֻ֪ǷѾʲôµĴ㣿
Ŷ뷨ˣ˵ҶӽҶĻʱЩȤ
ֶӼܣѾҪҶҵԼܹѸתȷʵһˣʱеҶһЩ뷨˵
˵Ǽ򵥣Ӹ¿Ƽھ¹ҵеӦãνľִ裬ǼڵľӱҶ˵˵þʮʮңʡľͶ뵽¼Ӧ÷棬һһ֮䣬ӵսһֹ
ҶүӺҶӽһۣеЩȡ
þ飬ҲֻǼ΢һͷû֮ڣҲûĿ죬ûھίԤû뵽Ҷȿһ㣬һӾָӦôЩĽȷʵ˸еЩ˼
ǰʱ򣬾ίھٿһηǳҪ̸ᡣֻһ۾ίġڼӿӸĸĹҪʱμӻоί쵼ܲ쵼͸λľһ֡Ҷӽ˵ʱʵиĸ￪߿10ˣӸĸ﹤Ҳȡ˷ǳԵĳɼ;ӽָ˼ʵսת䣬ӵȡشɾͣԱ100ѾɣӸִ滯µĽսµߣװ˽ϴƣƼ͹ҵִоϵķ룬ȡɹ
ӵĸĸȻȡҪɹҲҪӿ첽ͼ⡣ˣίʱˡڼӿӸĸĹҪݰ
ʱӸ߲쵼ΧơҪݰһ졣
ҵ̹ʣепϣеʮּ
Ҳеģ󲿷ͬ־Ϊܲͷӷǽ˵ģؼȿԼҪж׼һͳ̨һӸĸǸ߶ȼУͷôڣβؼͳʲţĸﲻǸĸ˹ȥǶĸ˵ķ񶨡
ڵʱУҾѾʶĸĽԣΪսԡơɲƶȡѵȵȣؽĸ⣬Ҳ̸˵طĸ;ӸĸĹϵ⡣
Ʊࡣرƣ侭μ࣬ԽԽࡣܲžֱʦ4أְܡ쵼ƶȡһһ֣ظ棬ںģʹ㹤æңӰ칤ʵ4ÿ궼ֱù´ټ飬ɹ飬ܽᣬдܽᱨ棻ҵҲֱ񡢿ᡣǻࡢļࡢĸԭ򡣴Ϊ4ָӻá
Ҷү֮˵ӽ跽⻹Ǻܶġ
һ̯ӹ󣬽ṹȥ򡢴򡢴սҪ˺ܴ̯ӣֻʩֵȡӾҲûȫƵλ࣬Ӵ󣬲ɢΪӽĳذУءԺУϵλԱԶԶսӵԱٱҲƫ󣬾Ҫ֮סָӲζ࣬Чܲߡ
װͺҾװװǰУͶʲ㣬ϾƷ۸ǣƳװ޷װӣˡҹվвҪսɻ󡣺ˮսͧСͽͧ϶ࡣִսҪһЩҪװװֱмͻսԤϵͳĸȣĿǰǿհסδ¼չӰ΢ӼϢҪڡ
ǹк;ٺܴѡͶ벻ҵ豸󲿷ʮģδм죬¼ȽѡƷѴѹÿװȻ࣬һЩǸɾҵ٣Ƽ͹ҵۺˮƽߡ
ǸѶȱǷ˽϶ࡣ̽辭ѱˮƽʵҪܴ󣬾ûʹáͷʧ޵أǲѵܾѡҩϵƣ֮غ⳥Ѽǣʵװʵȼ١վвӺͺͧҲñϲ㲻òѵʱ䡣Ǯ˺ͱ̯ӡ
Щʵ⣬ǼͷòþǱģ󲮻صְܲҪҪץⷽĹˡ
Ҷ֮˵þȻǳֺõĻõĻҲܹʵġ


399 ϳԿ
ʲô뷨ˣҶүʵ
뷨һЩҲǼһʱ顣Ҷشþ飬ûģòҹƴһβıܳҲҪץˡ
ǰ¶ȷʵܺķѾĹҲܷҶӽ˵ͷʱµľӽ⣬һܴ⣬ϵǰ;Ҳϵܶ˵ķչǰ;ܲضԴ
¶ʵ¡ҶеӣЦ˵þҪ£Ȼǣ棬ıܳΪӵкܴȨ쵼ֿȣ¹ϵҲֲԼĻĺûᣬŹ˾̫ϧˡ˵չ߼˾¼ҪͶģҪǮģȻҲǺ¶Ȩ˲ȨһץӡӣһץǮӣ˵бĲ𣿡
Ҷ˵ĻǺֱ׵ģʵһǶȿ⣬̾ͻһˡ
ҶӽֻͷʹԼҪӦȴû濼ǣʵҲҶʵһƽʱȶȲġ
Ҷǵúͬ־ӣ֮ˣǸʱȨѾȶˣҶͱ˦һ߶ˡ
ڵȴͬˣΪҶĳ֣ҶҲûг٣ǿʢʱĻĿ϶ҲǻȨһҶŻȰҶүӺʹҶӽǻ顣
ͬ־ȻǾί׳ǾҪүǵģҶΪһлȥ飬л档
˵͹Ѿ˰˴δģĲþ
19505½˵һδþʱ͹ոճܱԱ550򣬡С׼ӲǹĲǾӵ壬վ½ֱǿհס
ί׼ȷڷԱתҵˣԮսֹͣսҪֽ195110£ӵ627Ǿʷϱʱڡ
19521£еڶδþܲ͸Լ٣ֲӺԺУл95طӸıΪӣȫܶ300ҡ
19538£еδþȫܱ֮һ࣬½Ӿ
19571£еĴδþ1958ףȫɽƵؼתҵƽط146ʦ30ԺУĻǲӣȫ빲͹ʱȣ֮
1975ףеδþһΪڡĸڼ䣬֯ƻңʧӷףɲسࡣþУṉ̀1976꣬ȫ197513.6
1980꣬еδþ3£ίٴνо࣬أѹսԱͱϲӣһֲƽط
19829£Ҿеߴδþ51˵19781³Ļ̱תҵԭĹҸίʡֱϽУֲת侯ӡӴˣͻ̱Ҿʧ
1985꣬еڰ˴δþίüԱ100βþʹʵģЧܼ͡Ƽܼ͵ת䡣
ٲþʮĻǾǵھŴδģþˡ
Ҷүʾսģʽش仯߿ƼֳΪսϵҪսǺվĵλ仯ǳԡⷽбҪü½ʡľѣͶ뵽վĽȥһ㣬Ǵ˹ʶġ
ĵ⣬ҵĻϻؿͶ˴Ǯʱ򺣾ⲿֵͶ룬ǺĸͶӦüӴһЩҲָȫˣٲҪҿˡҶ˵
ʱҪϻأҶҲͷһʱȣʱϸһϸ˵;úķʵ̫ˣһλ޳ʮҺǱͧʮҸརһҺĸݼҵ𹲺͹ȫװҪֵǮöࡣ
˵Ҷµһֻ͹Ľӣй֮Ͷʵ̫ˡ
ϻԽĸĻͲùҹúôˣûǮҪһЩģҪϻظΪΨһĳ;С
з硣Ҷӽʾ
ȻҶĹǳҲҶע⵽ڵ״˵뷨Ǵӹģܶ˵˼·ȻǳȨǰ;
ҪнϴķչǹԹ˽˽˽һЩȽϺãһ泶̫ˣͲÿˡ
ڼһϣǰһԼ
֮ܶһ仰ҶȻṩ˺ܶ˼·ҵϣȴǲٳԿˡ
޳ĻҲ̫ˣЩ飬ҪС
Ȼˣþڽ˸ͷҪʲôʱܹҪֵľģԼгίǵ۽Уȴһʱܹ֮ġ
ҶһֱھǴ˰ѮҶүӵȷʵã뿪˾ǣƻؽС
ָһ㣬һο¶࣬Ҳ֪ʥǸڳʲôˣ
ȻһζʱҲлͨ绰ǱϾЩڵ绰˵ģڵίǻǸˣҶ˽Ҳֻ֪࣬ǽʡʡնεģݾͲǺ
ȻˣҶʲôҲʲôնҲһʡѣлݲίУҶĿԶˡ
ҶҲԼĿǣһοᣬҪնõݲίĻᣬնԼô鷳ΪֹѹʥķչΪǼ˿ɳܵģҶҪҸᣬúõʰһ£ôһ죬Ȧȥ
ίп֣п볣пʶһȻĹɣҶҪնĻ룬ʵʵڽУ˴ʡλ϶ȥ
ɻȻֱģ鵽ʥ·ԸһЩ
ֻڿеʱͻȻȻͨѶʾϿǿױΪ˱ɻڽʡл䡣
ʲô˿Ƿ׷ױԹΪ˰ղѡ
Ҳûʲô취ܲ÷ɻӲͷƤ鷽ɣĻһˣҲ
ɻתݻ֮߶ҲС꣬ǲӰ𽵡
ҶԼ±ڽ֮󣬾߳˻
ʱʮܷɻͣ߶ÿҲܶ࣬׷ļһŶ
ڴʹȡʱҶһ̧ͷͿ˶һϤӰ
˪ҶЩϲغ


400 
ȻӶȥй˪ȻڽдѧͶ
ҶԣдѧרҵˮƽȷʵҪȴԺУǿһЩܶഫͳﱻֵĴкͷչһֱš
ֻҶû뵽ڻ˪еĸо
Ҳע⵽һ㣬˪һɻģжʮͲµŮ˵Цţϻ϶Ż߿ԼңҲмƫӦǴӵʦ
˪ΧʱһȺΧš
˪㱳ٰɡ
˪һȥμǵףɣɫ껪Ļܺõġ
ǰǰ˵һӣҪһǮأǸǮǲȥһ£еź
˪΢üͷеԸӦЩͬѧ
һǽдѧѧԺͬѧǣһȥƵʡɷ磬ͬʱǱ߶һݳЧܲõƵʡίĸ߶ۣһλ˵ǻӵĿ
ӵʦҲû뵽ôһǱȽ˷ܣѧҪȥɫ껪ٰףʱҲûзԡ
ʡľȻǳҵǿԵģʡ߶ķչҲԽɫ껪ʡһĵλһƽʱȥġ
⼸λʦˮƽҲ˵ͣһ죬Ҫ˵Լɫ껪ֵطѵĻǴҲġ
⼸Ȼ˵ˮƽˣǸߵԺУĽʦ벢ߣǲμһЩѲܹ룬ռӿԲһ¼ãǶСǮԶûдﵽ۳͵ˮ׼
˵Щ䣬ҶֲӣΨһ𱬵Ķи·ӡ
Χ˪תƣҲûԭģ˪ƽʱѧУȽϵ͵ȴ޷صסģ׷˺ܶࡣ
ֻûи˭йʲôôҶ
Ҳóƺ˪ٴûΪǮ鷢Ȼƽʱûݳ޵ı֣ѷ沢ƽǮƵĶ١
ҲôҶ˪ļһЩ뷨֪·Σ
һڵĻУίϵٰģЭȻУѧᣬĿѣУѧĸ᳤
õҲǸ߸ߴ󣬿ȥҲ˵ƺЩ
ȥƵʡɷĹУѾͶ˪Ȥһ·ôҪ׽ֻ˪ĻһҲ˵Ѹеǳջ
˷ɻ֮ѾͱʾҪڽɫ껪ٰףԺֵķöѵģ˼ͬѧ˵˪
˪ҪǲȥĻǾˡô˵ġ
ˣΪ˼ʶһ½ɫ껪ĳ棬Ǽͬѧ¾ͺܸߣ׷Χ˪ΧȰ
˪ڷյʱ򣬾ں֡
Ҷ˪Ҷʱ۾ʱһɵý
Ҳû뵽ҶȻҲ˽ݣڻԼ
ҶԼ֣˪϶ʱЦݣҲ˻֣ʾԼѾˡ
˭ʱüͷ˽
˪һ߶ģԶһЩûʲô˽⡣
߶ʱֶ̣ûγʲôӰȥְ߶˶Ҳûʲôӡ󣬶˪͸û֪ˡ
˭Ҳλƽʱ͵˪ͬѧĸ׾ȻҲʵְɲĿǰڸĸ￪ŵͷֽ͡
Ҷܿ˹ڣȥеļơ
Ҷô˪Щϲʵ
ҪģǱ߶ױ͸ĵݻˡҶЦŻش˿˪ŵң˳ֽ˹ȻؾͱԼļϣȥɡ
á˪Ӧһ˾Ҫ뿪
˪һȥɫ껪ܲѶӰɣи˵
˪ͻȻðʱеżһҪ˪ˣôϵĻҲûˣ˼Ѿǳ˪ȥģһӾҪİѣټҲٲˣƾʲôҪأ
ȥɣҲ˪ͷҲصذ˰֣ҶһҪ뿪
ôһŮҲеżˣ׷׹Ȱ衣
ɫ껪ûмʶء
˪ȥһҪˣû˿ϳǮˣѵĵĻᰡ
˪һʱû˰취ɵýĿ⿴Ҷ
ҶЦЦɫ껪û˵
˵ʲôɫ껪ֳˣһӶҪһ飡һЩӵؿҶ˵
ҶƽʱĴűȽ⣬ҲȽϵ͵ϾҲǸɲоֵٽֳƽʱӴĻȽ϶࣬·ʲôĶǶƵģϣ˿ϸ
Щרҵʦ·棬Ȼκεı־һ￴óҲҵʿܴӷ濴һЩ˵ϵĵʶ𣬸һܹóġ
ҲЩѧǿҶĵط·̱궼ȻԼ
Ҫ֪Щ˵뷨ĻҶЦֱ
ӵˣܶһµװԱ߶̱ǾԲϲģΪ̱ܷӳװļֵҪǲ˵Ļô֪㴩һٿһ׵ģһǧһ׵أ
һ鰡ͦ˵ġ˭֪Ҷ˵Ļȴҭ˰죬ھǺǱ߶ĳӣһϾʮʮģ߶ѻǱȽϵˣֻǲ֪豸Ρ
һϳӾҪʮʮ򣿣̾˱ʾˡ
ҾǳȺȾʲôģһϰѾʮʮ𣿣
ǵĵۺֲĴֳǣ߶İöһ϶ʮϵģҲôԤģʱȥĻ֪ˡҶڻش
ʱͲ֨ˣҶĿƺȥһ㣬ٿҶĸһӣǺȻҶƺе򵥣û׼˼ȷʵȥЩطġ
ۺֲȷʵð󣬲һ϶ʮ֣ӦǶİˡʱһߴ˹Ҷ˵ݵĽɫ껪ȵۺֲ٣ֻ߶۶ûȣȻҪͺܶࡣλ˪ͬѧѣһȥȵɡУίѧһ֯Ļȱϯǲõġ
Ҷ˿ˣֿ˿ɫ˪ʱô¶ˣвɵúЦȻҪҶٵǽǰǽɫ껪ȥˡ
Ȼ˼ʢǼôǲȥĻǲеòˣҶЦŶ˪˵
ˡ˪Ҷһ۵
Ҷļҵ׶˪֪ģֻû뵽ôҶԼͬѧǰѡ
һ潲˪ҲϣҶֵһ£Щĵͬѧǵ׷ȷʵеЩͷ۲ѡ
дѧѧϰˣûҪЩëͷСʲô


401 ·
غһĳлǱȽϿŵģȻغһ߳Уڷչҵⷽ滹ǲ˺ģѾһЩ˵ŵѳ
ԣЩưɺ͵Ƚ٣Ҳûϵȥֱеľ˽ϴķչһ໶ͻȻ
˻֮˪ͬѧǶһӳǽдѧҵһͳɫȽ£ֻǲ֪Լģʱõġ
˪ǵĳɡǸߴǱ߶
ҶŤͷȥͼһɫı۽γͣǱ߶Ѵ˳ţվ߶
˪ҡҡͷлˣԼߡ
Լʲôѵ󳵻Աһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦûЩëͷСӡ
٣ŮӺܰһӡѵ˾һ
˪һܰѶԸúܣѧУ棬ûм˭ߵúܽҡҡͷ
˾˵ʲôѵģСѾͷ׶ԸˣһȻԺͲ׷׷ˡ˼ƨɺͷƣûǰ;ġ
˰Ļĥһӣ˵ͷ˵Ҳе
٣ⶫ㡣ȻһСɫķĩݸѡ
ʲôѽӹȥ֮󣬸оеǴ˵еĶƷ
ǶƷǴҩڵĺûɫŵ棬һӾͼЧˣʱҪôСЦŶ˵
ôѾЩš
һԾ֪ˡⷽ沢ûдʲô
ͬѧǺˣ֪ʲôͷ𣿡ҶѸ˾ı飬̾Ͷ˪˵
֪Ҹǲ죬ѧĸ᳤ʲôġ˪ش
ŶҶͷ
ѧѧ᳤᳤ʲôģȷʵһѧܹģ϶һЩϵߺ̨ǿӲ
Ȼ˵ѧɲûʲôʵʵȨʱʱܹѧУĳ¶ҲһѵõĻᣬͨѧȻѵõӵְλ
Ȼֻڵųѧְб۳ͣǮƵ֣ѹ˼׷˪
Ϊ˪ҶǴԼߵʱ򣬾ʹԶ뺷ԽҰȥ糾ͣȴһİ
ԽҰһʣı۳Եð޹ˡ
ѵ۾ʱһ鲻Խغ˳
Ȼ˵ڲû뺷˵ֳֻû뵽˾ú֮⣬ھȻҲõĺԽҰȷʵǸеЩ档
ںЩ˭ʱ򣬾ͼҶǰ治״ͣȻˣͱ뺷֣Ǵֱڡ
˸Ҷ˸кȻʹ˳š
Ҷ˪мһȻ߶ı۳ȣ˼Ǵ·
˾Ҳһ£û뵽ԷȻôĳ棬˾ԽҰתһ룬ٸ˵λҶǸ˪ڻżģҲ˵Ҷġ
ʱðеһЩ裬ʾ֭һȦҲû뵽еĸȦ棬˭ôǿʵͰܹô
ǹѵǱ߶үӣʱʵ
пܰɣ˵ֱģǱ߶ױԸķݻˣҪġѴʱҶųҲеĸо
дѧĴӳϣʦͬѧҲ龰ʱ۷׷ס
ʲôܰӣһλʦЩȵ˵
ǺֻǺһֱóû˵ѾóϵСһλʦͻش
ǺԽҰ˵Ǳ߶ר͸ҵģ֪ôģڵһλˣһʮʮӡиѧĽ˵ҲǱ߶һΣ˵ġ
⳵ȥģ۳˰ɣʵ
λͬѧƲƲʲôʮҲȲ˼һԽҰ
ô˶ʱȻû뵽λ˾Ȼô׶
ԽҰܶı۳ʮȷʵ֮ԽܣȻҲвٸˣڴҵ棬Ǻѽľ޸ֻͼֵüǧȷʵĿࡣ
۳ǰͷ·Ҷţӳ档
տȥһСһ˾һںĶ棬ʱˡľ
ȥ⻹һҪ쵼ݰٽӲƣӻ⿪ʱԱ߶ĳ׷УȻǱƸŵˣ֪ʲô쵼ݣ
ѴӺ󴰻һۣ治ζҶǵһۿǸصСֻ˼ҵų޷
ӺӾпүɫܲÿ֪ʲôͶ˵ƾһپЩ˾ŪЩϷȻǺÿ
ѵ˵ͷ֪˵Ĳ٣ӣܶ鶼淶
Ǿñ֮Ķ˼ǮܴӺ򵽣ֻҪ㵨ӹʱڳʹҲûйϵһȥֶ֤ʵԡ
ϾҹֱĶǺһľҲԸȥǣʡøԼ鷳ȫдʲôģҪҪй淶ʱ򣬲ŻȥֶȻǱȽټġ
Ҷĳ֮󣬾;þ϶ǿĳӵģ϶Ҷǿ϶ðþñţȥ˽ɫ껪֮ȴ绰֪ͨǹһҶĳӣɫ
ðþе飬ɴСͿôˡ
Լһο϶ܹҶǳԲ˶ߡ
Ҫ͸һ˭Ҳ֪Ҷľʲô·Ȱ˵˵ڽеĵϣõ˭
ǵǣòҪԼǣȥѵ˵ͷ
ĺˣִ֪硣֪ǹ˼׵ݣԸ͵棬ͱ֤˵ٱˣ˽潻һȻ֪ôȥ
ðɡͬ˰Ľ顣
ʵϣҶôקӣѵҲǷǳġ
ܹڽԸͷָһڽװƵ³ʲôѻǷǳġ
ŸԼʮ㣬ͺܲʹ죬ѽ٣˰ҶǸؾȥ˪϶ҲҪȥģʱһᣬû˪ҩϾͰˣԺ󻹸Ҳǰˣߣ
֮󣬶ʱ;ðܲҲһЩڴ


402 װֻ
Щͬѧǣô׶ϳ֮ҶͶ˪˵
ֻЩëͷСǶΰͽḽ֪ͣЩ˵ûмеˣѧ˶ԣûһ͸ԣǳ˳ɼġ
ڲǺŵģ˵ŶܶͬѧʱרҵΪ׽ѧУŶѡ˪͵֪Щݬġ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪˪˵ʵ
ʵϣЩŸֵ̨Ϯڵַչһ֮֡
ǴҶĽǶ⣬ֵ˥Ҳûԭġ
ԣȱĿмƳƷܳʱ䴦ͣͲǰ״ֳ̬ʱֵͣĲ棬ֻעԼյķչʹУҪһ㣬ûγɼȺȥƶ䷢չ
⼸רҵԺŵӶùֵķչԵͺ
̵תһȦִŴǰ۵Ľ䣬ʽ򣬸Ϊû㹻ڶձֻӡ
Ϊھת͵⣬ܶ͹󶼳ϦҪ˵ЩڱԵҵˣǵӹþٲά裬Ҫʲôչ¡
Ӹַչ´ѷȱٷչõϵ׼ԼûγɼȺȥƶ䷢չ⡣̸飬ڴѧѾѧһ࣬źܶд˪ͶҶ˵һҪݳʱܸ̾ôһչõϵõóʮϰĿƵó༸ңһ˼ַչƽߣֲܽ𡣡
ţġҶͷʾͬ
Ҫչ·кʹ¶ܷ
´Ŀ٣ֻܷܶ׽һƷζȻгҲδϿɡ
ƵֵġȪӳ¡ܶ˶Ѿʼ˵NOˣвٹڹݳʱ򣬶ĿҪҲڶԹѾƣ͡
ºͷչͬҪҶ˪˵ҵϣ㽫ܹһŮţרŸֽ֣ʱҸǮȡƶֵķչ򵽹ȥ
˼Ŷ˪֮Ц˵
ҶЦ뵽˺һ֧ŮϣԲ뷨
ʵڵĺܶණڡǽڿǽ㡱״һ仰˵ǡĺл
ҶӡУҪʹôͳġŮʮַڹڳڣȻýڶݹע֮ܿȥֱŽձгרŮʮַձзкѸߺ졣
Ҷǵǵרվ۳һţͻưŴأٻձƬ󽱣󣬸չѲݣ֮һйֵз糱
֮󣬹ڵĲŷ׷Ч£ǰⷢչɹ
ֽֿЩѣǵʦ̵ģҪôƻᱻ˪Ȼʲôҡҡͷ
ʲôطһЩ̵ģһĶʱĳôУҪֱ̬ỹչˣҶȻ
˵䣬ҶʲôʹԱ߶Ĵ淭һֻ֮һֻֻ
ǸֻԭĿͷ̫󣬾ͲҪˡҶֻݸ˪˵
ʲôӵֻôôСɣ˪ֻõ֮󣬶ʱЩʵ
ǺǣĦоƬ˸ĽԿȥҪ¿9900ҪСһЩҶЦŽ͵ǶƿɣϾûеڶ
ίĦ˾Ľģ˪ЩԾʵ
ǣίоŪġҶش
Ŷ˪еɫȷʵЩϲ
¿Ħ9900ֻǲģźͨ200ңѾŮʹߵĸˡ
ҶṩһװԳ150ˣĽĻѺϽģҲ޸ģ濴ˣҲøͷܴ󣬺ӦҲѹǳʺŮʹá
Ȼеשͷ˪һֻǳϲ
ֶʱҲСװѣϾ˹ɱ̫ˣ޷ĻԻڹһƬֻ΢ͻ˳
˵ģǹڵŮʹгһȽϾ˵Ŀ
ϧǣ޸ĵͶȽϸߣۼҲȽϸߣЩòʧ
ֻֻܴ绰ǣҪķ⡣Ҷ˪˵
Ϊʲô˺ܶǮȥ𣿡˪Щʵ
ǵǡҶЦǽģлһɹ㡣⻰ͲҪ˵ˣȥá
Ŷˡ˪ˣʱһЦ
Ҷı£˪֪ģ˵飬˪ҲŲɣϾҶϵҪôһ飬治ʲôЩ߹ӵǱкܶȨġ
ҶҲһЦʵ˪ף֮ԻĽΪҶѾڷֵʱ򣬽ƶͨѶҵõԼˡ
ȻԼҵĲҵô˪ŪһøѵֻȻʲô¡
˪ҶֻͲһ绰ûзӦ
ǱȽæµˣǰʱ绰ҵˡ˪̾˿
˵飬ӾͿһֳǵ档
еֳǣҪƫһЩĵطںϽķΧ߶˵ҪϡһЩԵؼ۱ˡ
Ҷһ·ϿͿжʮҴССֳǣڵ·ԣһҹģģ㽨ռ㣬Ϸ޺ưڳˡɫ껪ĸ֣ҫɫʰ쵵Ĺâ
ǶʮСʱӪҵģһָˡ˾ǰͶҶ˵Ҫ۹ģĻǱȵۺֲҪһЩ˵ҲڳлԱƣɢҲӴġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ҪԱƣԵĿ϶Ǵٹˣ˵ͨδؾѵ
ǲܾɢ͵˼˵߶ѲλǵһЩɢǵУͬҲһǮӣݷŹġ
лԱƵһôܹݵ˾ԼһȣԸѣһôɢǾĵιߣȻ쵼ǶѵģҲѣ˵쵼Ҳܿˣ
˪ͬѧҲ׷˴ӳڽɫ껪Ĵſڴ
ҲȥɣȻԸͣûûĺģ԰ɣҶ˪˵
ʵֻҪؼ˯ѣȾûȤ˪üͷ
ҶЦˣΪ˳ȾƣǲǴء
ֵطˣǰҪǮ˭ôհֻΪȾƳģܻԼĸָҪôģĻ⻨ȥǮǰ
һȥɡҶǣ˪ֱۣʩʩȻ߽˽ɫ껪


403 ѵ
ɶСӵʲô·Ҷ˪̬ܣѶʱеǳŭɵսȭͷ
ںͷļʦˣһ˵ڵѧŶˣ⻹ûеأ§һˡ
һʦ˵ʲôֻҪֳ˼Ұ§þ§ãѧУûκһ涨˵̸ֹţ
һһ˵Ļһ꼶һЩʦ˵
ɫ껪һۺԵѳоưɡҲɣϴԡں滹ס޾Ƶ꣬һеĵλ͸ۺֲھǵĵλࡣ
Ҷ߽ưʱʱ仹磬ưķƺҲûʶھдˣƹװ޵Ą̊́ܲŮĸԱΪûʲôˣ졣
֮⣬ֻдĽĸŮӣױúŨէȥȴҲǷƯѲ׵ĸоԴһỤָ̊żһϸĻͷҪѰϸһЩרŵŮʿ̣ǽڵġ
Ļ̨ŮԵˮܽһЩȥȽۣǴźɫTȶˣϵһɫɴǰҲεΪ׳ۣȥ䲻ʮߡ˵ӡ
ȻȻؾǼ糾Ůɨһۣȴ࿴̨Ůһۡ
зп˽̾ͽƹһЩҽַ
˪ǵͬѧʦһʮˣԵú֡
ͻȻھư棬þưҲеȽ⡣
ѵ˾ܿߵ˰̨Ǳ߶óһŻԱݸ̨ϵķȥԼᡣ
ڴԺᣬԼһ֮Ϳ׼á鿴˻Ա̹֮ض԰˵
һдءüͷ˵
ģǻץʱ䡣شʲôҪ𣿡
ŶʱûСشһ˵ˣɡ
Ȼ뵽ʦѧ쵽һ϶ǱȽϾģ˾ͶᣬҸģҲûô˼ˡ
ڴ棬ѾͽһЩˮϹһЩСʲôġ
˪ȵʲôһڵӣ˹ʵ
ллҲʡ˪ҡͷܾˡ
ѿ˪ҶһͷʵÿҪˣҲǱȽװˣתȥкʦǣӦһﻹˢӵģٰʦǸкú֡
ʱҶһڴ߽ˡ
٣ҪϡڽһļеݸҶ
šҶ˵ͷӹļУȻ˵Լҵȣ˼ǮͣûбҪ
ǶˣҶҪ˵ǰףԼȻûбҪʡǮǾͷ׷ȥ̨Ǳ߶㶫ȡ
֣·ʮûУXOҲպϡ
ʲôǮܹ㵱ûǮ𣿡
ݹĲҲС
̨ķûмʶôֵĿˣղŰʱõǹVIP˵ǷǳĿˣֻǿһ¾ˮܹ󣬳ʾ˼۸֮Ҳû˵ʲôͰǵҪϾˡ
ҶĸڣټϿǰӻڣһʮˣȻ͵ƿXOƿƣ⻹һЩӰ˵ĳԵĶ
ǺȵʲôҲƿҶıǺȾƣʱͳǺ
ƿXOȥڵ档
XOֻ˵ûкȹѧǲŲ۸Σֻͣǿ۵ȼƿʲô
ҿƿӣϾͿʼˡ
ȵѴʦǱ߶֮󣬾ͷӶXOһҪʮƿ⻹кüƿĲƣҲ֡
ѿ֮涼ˡ
ȻǴͷĹӸƽʱҲٻֶģǱͣԼǮ˵Ҫˡ
ʱ˵ʲôĻҪ˼ЦŶ
Ǯ𣿡ҧߵ˰Ǳ߶ʵ
ֽӦù˰ɡش
ҿƲҧ˵ǾȻʮƿXOкüƿơ
Сһӵ治
ۿȥͼҵ϶XOҲ֪˭Ҫģ˸ӣ˺ء
ܳӻеˣоȹˡ֮һҧҸǾ绰ⲻʲô¶
һ£ѴΪ飬ɫ껪ʲôģֻܵȽϽһЩҲǱģǮдʦͬѧȴû뵽Ҷ˸鷳ȻôҵһXOһӾͰԤˡ
ȵʲôѿ˿Ҷ˪ȴǵ沢ûаݷʲôϣɵЩʵ
Ҷ˪ҲںȶȴװڲˮеɽȪˮ
һδӾǻҶͰȪɽˮ³ʱװֻˮ
ڲԼͷϵЩҶǱȽϽģҲԸ˪ȾƣԼ͸ûǸȤˡ
㿴ʲô˪ȪˮЩҶ
ţѵϡҶش
оʲô˪еЩ졣
ҶЦЦ˼ʡĶӣԼӽ㣬˵ܲ˽һ𣿡
ʡĶӣ˪Щȵʵǽеʡ𣿡
ǰҶļеݸ˪ȴеСп
Ҷն˵ˮݣʥȻڽʡʵ϶Ҷϸ֮£նȻȴҲֻɸ˹Ҷ̨ȴҹҶΣȻΪҶҵĹϵ
նôԸôҶҲҶƽޣҲܹʲôҶҲϾίǺ򲹵ģô˼ίԱô˼гί
ǲԼұŤնȻƢԸʵȴô򵥵Ҳ첻һʡ֮λˡ
ܹ÷⽮ְλʡ쵼ûһثֶοնʡҲ׳ɣʮ;Ǳޡ
ӣҺǮ˪˵
ǺǣʡӸҿ۵ģȷʵࡣҶЦ˵ҹҲôߵ
ҶõȻնﲢûʲô̵չӿı۳ѴѻǮǴŪģͺֵˡ
ʱ򣬷˹֪ͨң˵Ѿʰˡ
ҺȻȥˡ˪˵
ǺǣҪǲȥⳡϷݲȥˡҶЦŶ˵˼һΣǸ׼˴͵ģⳡϷϧ


404 
գ˪ǸҶ˰ᡣ
Ȼ˵Щ鲻ǺϰߣҶڸǰкţ˪Ҳʲôɵĵģ뵱Ϊ˰ѱٸҶǿųײһٷ˵ġ
ʵϴһ˪ͰҶԼҪˡ
ֻǺ֪ҶȻҶϵӣҶƽҲίԱίǣ˪ĸҲǱҶƽҪȥŵֽ
Щһ˪ٵȻҲ֪ҶԼǸԱ˲һġ
ʦѧʱͷֳᣬʦһʮˣһͰͷˣǱ߶ĸźţѧ߶һᣬһжʮˣŮϵض԰ġ
ֻҶ߶ʮڣȥͱȽϱ뺷һЩˣһ£߶Ǳ߶
˵ǻ¶˪СҶ
ѵ֮˪ֲ֪ܹУѧĸ᳤һүѧУ߶ҲϸӵذͽʡӣŻһӣֲҪʲôĺλá
᳤ʵѧһ͵ְ񣬳鲻ҪйҲҪȥ޷ǾһöѣѧѧǼˣ÷ǳʥӣʵϾһʺܶ˶ͼ椷ѡ
¶һģ㿴ѵǸ˾ģͲǸˣ鱨ʾа潰ģ˲ٻ¶Ҷ˪˵˸ѻһܸʲô¶
ɣƽʱǿģУ԰Ҳûʲô˪Щȵ˵
ҧ˵ĹУϾʡӣѧУҪ˼ģһͱƺ˵նڽʡ棬Ҳûдﵽһĳ̶ȡҶ˵
ҶԼҲе棬ѿ϶ôĵԼ׳԰׺ȵģԼıҪЩXO͹ѴѪˣѵļڵѪأ϶һģǾ߰׵ߺڵֶ⣬ǾͲö֪ˡ
ҶЩӸ˽˵ҹٷĿҪһЩ
ϾҺڵ¶׸ӵɫĨڡ
ǿǵ߶ǸǰڵҶҲųǻᶯúڵԼÿĿԡ
Ļ鵹ҲˣϺڵҶû˿ļɻ䣬ֵЩǶǹƵģֱӰ˷ŵҲʲôĸо
оֵıƲôõģҲǳá
ԵɣҴӾǴġҶóһӣװ˾Сģʮ֮࣬˪ЩĿɿڴ
ôȥ˾ôã˪ָһģŵ棬ȻζǾͶ˼ʵ
ʵϣһҶȥֻھǣȻȥ˹飬ҶҲø˪ȥ˵ϾЩеУµġ
˹ڿһε¼Уνǳ˴ҶҲԼ̫ߵǵعˣĻԺȥɾͲˡ
ڼ䵹мܹҪҶ˪ȾƵģֻҶҲнڲȡ
Ҹ˪Ǿƾܺκκоƾϣ㶼ܺȡҶܾ޷˵ʲô
˼Ҷ˵ƾ㶼ܺˣѵӲ˼ҺȲɣ
ĻƾҪ˴ӳȥˣСӰʲô˼أţ
Ҳˣ˼˪ҶλǴⲻȾƣĻôɵģ˶ƾܵ
Ǳ߶ͬѧǻһ۾ȴǲס߶ǿҶźι˪Զʱ򣬾еҧгݵĸо
ջ᳤ɫеӲɣ˾ͿλҲģ⻰ѡ
Ȼ˵ǳĺģⶼԸģӦȴûбҪȫɫ£Ҫƨ
ŶǾƺȶˣеʧءѵһܺõνڡ
ͬѧӦ䣬ųȥˡ
СӾǳ˼˪ģϧ˪һЩм˵
ǲǷϻôΪ¶㵱Ըǰ׳԰׺ȣһͽӿ˵ָָϵXOһƿͺüǧưǸղһʮƿټİãѣСӾҪóʮܴס
Ǯ˰һϾʮ飡Ľʺ޵رʾ
ϻûǮĻ͵˾𱼳𣿡
ŮҲΧһ˽˪Ǹѿȥ˧
ţǿˣҿ˼Ҳб
˵ǿԽҰкںټġ
˪Ҹô߸˧׷
˭˼˪ôƯǲҲкܶ׷𣿡
ˣЩ˲ǰͷӾûĻıһ͹ˡ
ô˵ţʹҶĶ棬֮ɵݸһЦ
Цʲôأ˪Щʵ
ҶͰѸղĻ˪˵һ飬Ȼʵ˵ѧԺĴſڣÿڵʱ򣬾ͻкܶγˣڶһְͻ
ǶǺ˵˪֮󣬶ʱЩյ˵ȻҲһЩ˲԰󲿷ֶΪݳģӳҲǺ顣
ҶЦŵ˵ͷʵҲ֪ʵ顣
Ͼʡǣ˿ڣҵλ˽Ӫλǳ࣬ÿֻҲǳ࣬ѧԺһЩѧȥݳʲôģʵһּܹ֤ݳֲỨ̫ǮֶΡ
ֻΪĳЩŮȷʵ˵Ĵԣö֮еζˣǽѧԺŮǣ˳֮⣬ûб;Գѧһ㣿
ʵϣ󲿷ֿѧԺѧҾǺܲģǸܹСӴҼô
ѧϰֵЩѧǣһСžǼǧ飬һٸǹû׶˵СʲôģĹŶǸмУһˣҪ˵ʦĸãҲһСĿһ˼ҵӵܣѧġ
ܲڽ˴ѧ֮󣬻Ҫѧҵɣ
Ҷϸע˪ͬѧǣͷЩŮͬѧǳȻһǳãĸذǱȽϷԼۡ
㿴ʲôأ˪ע⵽ҶĿЩŮͬѧתתȥЩֵʵ
û첻٣ҶñȽҲ٣ȻŮѵ߶ܲðĿⳤʱͣڱŮϰɣ
Щͬѧַôܲ齨һʮ˵ֶӣҶ˪ѯʵ
ǾҪľҪˡ˪˵ҾôѧҪ齨һֶ֧ӵĻеѵģҶֵⷽ棬λ
Ƿλ޹ؽҪҪľĹã˳ҲùȥұȽϻһЩ棬ȫԽرѵġҶ˵
Ҫã˻ҪƯʲô˪һɵطʵ


405 оѡ
ûʲôҶ̳ҾҪô齨һֶӣ߳Ŀǰѡ
齨ֶҲûбҪòȡѽ˪ʾܽҶ͡
ǲһҲ͵׼齨һֻŮֶӣԺгģഺǹؼֽⷽҲƳĿԱΪܣôһĻܲҵŮȥɣ
˪Ҷ뷨ЩȤһ˵ĻѧлĿҳ齨һֶӵѡ
úֶʵϾҪһϣڸ˵ˮ׼ĸߵͳ̶Ȳô޵ģԴѧѰϵĳԱʲô顣
ҶԣഺŮϵѡԱԸҲǱģΪƱҪ̨һЩϵĶǴͳӡУһ
гĽҪǿһЩⶫûʲô磬ֻҪǺöҶǿԽܵġҶͶ˪˵ҵļƻ齨ôһֶ֧ӣȻ󾭹ΪڰҵѵͰװֱгһڴĻһȫѲݳ֮г
Ҷ뷨˪ҲǱȽͬġ
гǱбȽų̬ȣΪʵһгͻĳЩߵ¢ϵλɸַӰ죬ⷽԭ򣬴ҶͼҪ״άԼ治ַ
ȻˣϣҵҲǷǳֱ׳ģǾҪֵĴԣֵܵϮʧȥԼĶλ
ʵڵ״ܶҵһģûнȡֻ״㵽һ߿һǳأˣҲĪˡҶ˪̾Ļҵǿ֮ȣܴⷽȴȱڵĻڸĸ̽еĹңҲһ¶
˪֮ʵǲʲô鶼ϵҴȥ
Ǻǣ˵еˡҶЦ
˪˵ҲЩƺһ´µϰߡ
λ˵ʲôأ̸ôͶӣͻȻλ̷Ů˹һ§˪˪ļ棬Ҷʵ˪㻹ûнѸء
˪ûķԷֻǶҶ˵ҶĽã¶Խġ
ģҶ˶ʱһ۾ؿ¶͡
Ȼ촽΢ԵһЩ񣬶һһЩ̣ȥȽԸУͺרЧһ
ϸһ£;¶ĶͷЩĿȽ䣬һϲԽ˵ˣ۶ˣ˰
Ҷãҽ¶¶˪ĻʱЩ˼
˪ȽϵֻǸŴôУ֪ֵһ㺬塣
¶ãǴģҶЦʵ
˪Ϲ˵ʵٺͺ«˿Ҳġ¶һ
Ҷ˵ͷо¶ҲǷǳģֻͷһЩǾ˵齨һŮֶӣ׼ִͳĿɽ֣ȻгҪȤĻҲԿһ¡
齨ֶӰҪܶǮģһҪרŵĴ߲Уй˾ܳɹ¶˶ʱǰһ
Ҷ˶ʱЩ죬˿¶û뵽ҲȽ˽⣬¶ҲЩǶԽģ˪Ϊ˰òѧϰֵġ
ƽʱҲμһЩݳֵ֪ķչǰãʱҲһЩ˼ڵ㴴£δûгġ¶ҶеľȣԼ͵
˪ҲԱ߶ʾǰֻŷڹгĳ񲻽ŷ̨˺ֵĳڵַչӼѡ
ǱȻ顣Ҷͷʾгô󣬱ּռ˷չռֵ֮λȻٵÿڹѰչ߳ţȥռһ̶Ͼ׻ͻơ
ǵģڵ̫ˡ¶ԴҲʾֽͬˣƺٴУֱͬˣֲһСԣĴˡЩ޳ɣС۵㣬Ϊ컪ʮ֡
ǲڼĶǳһֶλĿ־塣Ҷ˵ڵ֣ҲǾǧʱ䷢չģŴ˶֪չ£ôڷҪؾˣⱾһۡȥһߣʵȴ谭ҷչؾ
ǽҪôǵĻƻᱻġ˪˵
Ҫ飬򵥡¶
Ҷû˵ʲôΪֻôһ뷨ҪôҪһԤУҴ˲ҲҪǰ㶨֮⣬͵ʲôҲǱزٵģװ߸֮ء
ôһĻҶ;ñ齨һ˾У޷ЭⷽҪ˵Ҫ򿪺гˡ
Ҷȷһ±ʹõҪѡ˹ݡ١áѡ«˿ٵҲų⡣
ʵϣҶҲûΪֶоͲôĻе̫ˣС֮ûҪõġ
ҶһֽϾͰֶ֧ӵĹɸֽһ£ڳԱҪ࣬дϻʲôĿȵҪһ㣬ǶԼֶӳԱҪ֮ڲ̸⡣
һе̫˰ɣ¶˾ͱʾһҲԻ
ҲǲѵҪ󡣡Ҷ͵˾Ҫ˲ţĴ̫ͬʵҵǺܺˣҲǱֶ֤һҪֶ֮ҪгģѲݳһ궼ܻعҲδؾл̸˵
¶Ժ󣬵˵ͷûл˵ˡ
ʮԱô״ġ˪˿ҶҪ֮󣬾üͷ˵
Ҫе治һ׵飬˳ҪͷҪȽϾȣҪվտҪܹЩҲƣһʵĻȴǲѡ
дѧҲôĻȥĵطҶЦŻشȫôԺУȱľ˲ˣʲôաѧԺģҪġ
˪ˣʱüͷ¶ȽϿ죬ֱӾ˵ҿⲻѡֶӳԱȫѧԺѡˡ
ҶһʱЦôһ˵ƺҲе˼


406 ͻϮ
ҶûЦãͽӵϰҶƽĵ绰
أôôҶƽʵ绰Һʹüͷرʾ˲
Ŷ泪ءҶش˪˵ͷȻֻߣߵ˰棬վȵĶͷ
߶һȴôţҶվ绰
ţе飬Ҫȥһ¡Ҷƽڵ绰ԵЩԥ
ôˣҶЩطʵ
үЩãֲôңҲĽᣬҾȹȥ˵ɡҶƽҶ˵
¶Ҷһ֮Ҳеͷ
үɽҶӡҲǺܵģΪҶҺϼ֮䣬Ͼûʲô
ϼȻδ壬ھ÷ȴе̣ҶѻλֵܣڽϵͳҪְڽʡвүӰȽϴ
ҶүҲүɽǵ壬Ĺѧʦ
ֻĹѧûʢԶʮĹѧ˳ûȣһܳ䣬ܹΪѧʦʱĹѧǱ̣ˣͷβΪҵĹߡ
ҲΪĹѧҵ͹һȮ塣
ȻɽүӲȮ壬𾴵Ĺѧʦ
꼴ʹ̫浱ԷֶδѹҵʱڷѾάҵʮƽٵУɽүӶûΪָѹԼͲأֵ𾴵ġ
һλүӣҲǷǳִġ
үɽҶƽӡǺܺãΪŮƭˡ
ʱүӵѧҲʡʡնҶƽҪ꣬ҲǾǴ˼ҳ丸ǰũҵְ񣬵ϼҽףҶƽ֣ѻ¶ˣնԴһֱڻӾͽˡ
ϼȻκţȴŵڣ˿ҲҶҪʢܶࡣ
նĸҲǽмᣬүཻǳһЩԨԴ
үӸүཻĪ棬նүӱȽϿصѧλүӾ˶¶Ů׼ҵ˼ҶҶƽճӲǽǣ˹顣
Ϊ飬үԾ޹⣬ԸҶҵĹϵҲôģҶҸϼҲѻѾûлصʡס
ٺҶƽҶҵһ̳ʮһʱΪίԱίǣνǹ֮ͣϵĴһ˹쵼˵֮С
նҲƾԼԼ֧֣ӽʡһһӡߵڣΪһʡ֮ĹԱ
Ȼ˵ôˣҶʮˣһֱûнŮ֮ĹϵȻûл͡
Ϣ˭ݳģҶĥһ£ʸҶƽ
Ȼ֮䲢޶ôҶȻܺϢԴ
നϢе绰Ҷƽشһλ˽Уȥɡ
ҶӦȴе
үӾʲôҶû׶һԼǿɾͺûˡ
תһ룬־¶ƲܣүɽȻǺųƹѧʦôӦһЩģǵЩԹѾô꣬ӦҲĥòˡ
˵ˣԼѾﱲҲ˼ԼʲôӰɣ
ôԼȥ̽һ̽ʵǱȽϺʵľ
Ҷ˵绰ȥʱ򣬾洫ֵ̽ͷһͷ˽ԼжʮѸٴӾͳ˽ɫ껪Ĵ档
٣ȻлҶˣȴϡ棬ͲµһŹġ
ɫ껪ʲôطܹڽеʡҵͲûпɽ
ܹѲʲôĻǻп˸
һ֪һԤıж
٣һξҪǺÿ˵ҽо̾ӵģӳԴӣȰҶСȥʰһ٣ҸŮˣ𣿡
ʲôɣҿСҲһˡµͷеġ
ϾҶĳ⳵ڹѵһģοֳԼûп˵ҶҲе͵ˣ˵Щ
ٷĺˣʲô˽о͵ǰڲݺݵ˵ǰ˪£ǵҪҩĹ֭ˣȻ¶ˣʡҹζࡣҿ椶Ӧûԭװ
ԭװˣʱЩ˷ܣãͰ˵İ죡
Ϊ˰ƯһǻȻȥɣʡ˼һ֪顣ѽ
һص˰档
֮󣬾ͷְеԾ
ֻʦͬѧǶһ棬Ƶؿˡ
ôˣúõģôˣѱ淢ëЩʵ
˵٣Ļͱˣˣ
⻰ʲô˼Ѻܲ˵طʵ
ǣ֪ͨʲôָ̾ȥһ˶͸˵绰ô޳ܵѵǸˮѣôһж
˵˭ˮˣЩջط
˵ǱʲôԭǿܣˮѣȷʵеЩˣմʲôʱôߣȱƶûǮˣֱ
ѣ㺰ľ죿һʦЩɵʵ
ûе飬ô飿Ѽҡͷϵ
ʦУкܶ˲һģҶЩǣΪֻɺϡ
ǳԱ˳ŵģѣȻٺⲻû¶¶
ҶͲ廰ˣǺľ죬Ϊʲôӵնӳ˵ĵ绰أ
˵ӵǴӳѿڶһ֮󣬲ŷӦɵסԼ͡
ٺ٣ԭǴӳŶҶʱЦ
ʱҶʱˣɵ÷׷׶ŭĿӣֱСˡ
ͺ㼸ƿXOôôһѧƿڴǮʲôͷ⣿
ʦҲɫѿȻ˵ﲢûзʲô飬ǽдѧʦѧͬʱڽɫ껪ѣȴˣҪǴ˳ȥǻҴһĸӰġ
ѣ˹ȴ簡
ʱ򣬴žͱ˸ƿˣ̾ͼ죬žǹ֧ʲôģһʵʵ
˭ģͷһٳʵ


407 
˲ʱģȾ׷ĿԵ̫ȷˡ
Ҷһ˳ҵģʲô£
ͷľо̾ӵĶӳ˱һۣЩɵʵǳ
ǳڻش
ҶЩ϶ǹڱ˵ֵµģƽʱҲЩǿȻûбҪԼ֡
˭һᶼһ˰ɣʵ
㻹˵ˣǵǼǵҵ֡ЦŻش
°ͣһʱ֮Щԥ
һֵ֪ƣͬһˣҿȥֻһģˣ˭֪϶йµġ
һԶͷܴ֣ٲϣΪЩ鷳
˵ʵڵģʡݣһҲףˮȻеģǷͬǴڵģһСľͻͷܴֲ˺ôȥ
¶ʵҲǲԸġ
ðþñҲԲǺǵģο˼ҺһǹڴûмʶԽҰͣǴͷ
ֻǱҲһˣʡĹӾ߶еЩͷʹ
ٲãֻЩϵùˡ
˶ߡһֵ
ƾʲôֲǵģʦԵ
ƾʲôƾһȾƳ衣һԱ߶˵Ǳٱеþñɣؾ˵ȥɡ
ʱҺرʾ
ӳ﷢һɫĩȻһһֻССܷһЩδ֪İɫĩȥɶ
ͳͳȥʻһӵ
ҲЩȵģû뵽ôȻƷʲôļóˣǹݡ
һӣ˶ʱ˵ˣ۾ֻСİɫĩ
һǣ˷ʲô飬ȷʵͱȽ鷳ˡ
ôжƷԼҲЩԾСʰ
ٵģסǡС˵
һһʮˣԼʹ˶ʮ죬ǶԷ󲿷ֶѧʦǱȽ׶ԸģֻҶʮڿвòֳ󲿷סǡ
ӳʱһ˽ŵ˵
ôˣʵ
ǼУǹе㱨
ǹеһ£˵⵹Ǹ·ְ
Ȼ˵ٳͷеˣҲԸΪЩʡĹѣʱȻҶ˵ĳڲǹеȴһ⿪ˡ
ȻڳڲǹеôҶ˿϶ͲʲôˣȻˣҲҪʲô
ǹеؾõ΢塭Ǽǿġش
ѵؾľе⣿ˣʱһ˵Ǵˣһж֧
΢ʮ֧˼翸ʽͲߣöĻ㱨һ
ôܣѵײװͽˣ
Ƿôشһ˽ؾ𰸼֮˶пƾĹٷˡ
ƺֳϵо쵼˾
ôİӣԼѾԲˣҪ֪ͨо쵼֪£Ļƻһ󰸣ԼҲò˶ĺôпܻᱻ˸СЬҲǾǱ
еǻ̧ˣѾҪ̣ͼƹȥҵȻҪ㡣
Щô죿ʾ
ȫһҲŹԸ
ôİӣȻҪڳ˶Ϊ֤ġ
Ա߶ѸеżˣǾٱߣͲ˰ɣ
ӳ㿴ʾ
ѺͰһۣ˵ȻˣѾشͻƣҲûʲôϵˣǾ͵˵ͷٱ߲Ҫ֤
û⣬һϾӸŪ̱֤֮
Ҳû뵽ҶĳȻ˽ǹеһѵҲ˸ͻͻ˵˾죬Ҫ˳ͻĻԼǱŰһ˼Ҳ΢壬һлͲأʲôðȥҲˣ
Ҫ˵ʱҶıǾжˡ
һ֧֧ǹ˶ԷŶϣʱͽʮסˣҲݵģֱӽ˸ˣȻڵϣžͶס˴ţץСһ˻Ҷǰ
ӲСҲߡҶʱɳ棬ţб۾űڵϹŵ˵齻쵽ô¶
ǲضǹŹ򾯲죬־н죬ⶼǴڵϣ;캧ˣȴ˵
ǲǴ˵һ˵¶Ҷһ
ߣһͷŤһԡ
٣ͷͦӲģҪ˿϶ԸϵġҶЦһ
˶ɵ۶ˣû뵽ҶҶֱ֣ӾͰЩǸŵˣѵ˵Ĳ£Ϊľͽ
Ѵʱˣû뵽ȻӲ
ҶʲôڵĻȻҴ򾯲ˣôںǲʡӣʱֱҪѰ͸ˣû¶ô¦ʲô
һŲסˣǹڶԴζȷʵܣ̾еˣ˵ⶼչģ˵ǵþþһָʹһð䶾ƷߣҪһÿ
㡭˵ʲôˣʱŭҲûа취Ҳ˰ڵϣֹһС
⼸Ҳ׷׽кǵ飬ǶǱȵġ
ԩͷծĲǵ飡
ôһìͷָѡˡ
ɫҶĿ⣬ʱˡ
˵߹ٷ·ߵĻǸµģʲôݣ˭Ҷֺһǽͽˣ᲻ᱻҶֱӸأ
Ѽ֤ݣ֤ۣһȥɡҶȻЩģԷ̫ˣ¶һҲϽҲţûӾͰˣûսԡ
ǡӦȻͿʼƺˡ
Щó¼֮ʱͷӦˣЩ˾Բʲôͽǻڵõô鷳
ǵʲôˣЩĵʵ
Ǻǣ⣬ǾֳҲûʸ֪ҶЦЦǵļʵ̫ˣ
оֵľֳҲһɲѣ治Ҷܿϵģڳ˸ĸɲ֮⣬оֵٽֳ
ʡ˾λʡίίҲһٽˡ


408 㵽ô
ųȥǸƴ˳ȥ
ԭΧںΧļʱͻˣ̺֧Ԯо쵼㱨
оһ涼Щʲô֮󣬶ʱˡ
˵УʦѧǱΧɺܴıĻôʡҲе͸ˡ
һ˵ʲôӣ˵ֳľˣеľǣҲˣоֵľֳֳǣǾüɹ̾͵˾ǿɫ껪߶Ϲ
նڻˣͻȻһȵ˹
ʡչӳ¶ˡ͵͵ظ˵
նɫһ£Ȼ˵仰ݲݵؽ̸
ȵնߵڷʱͽ˻㱨
չǱڽɫ껪¥İ棬ʦѧʮʮˣ۾оˣао̾ӳ㱨
ԷʲôͷնʱѾѯʵ
Ҳ˼ҵУôôżҲûôˣȵľǸԷͷ¶ܲܺƽ
ԷͷǺֻǿϻѳʮ֧΢壬ʮ֧ǹ߼翸ʽͲ͵ҩش
УѵǾӣǿɱ˲գ۵ġն֮Ҳеҡ
¶Է̫ײУ¶Էûйأô̸ûһˡ
նҲסˣ̱ʾҪǰɫ껪
ôе̫ΣˡϹʡ֮ʾ
ͻȻôһȺĺˣ֮ϵѹҲСֻҲ㲻Щ˵֮ǰһҲû
˾͸е˽ɫ껪Χʱɫ껪ѾΧˣΧ˾ߣֹ޹˵Ƚӽ
оֵ쵼ҲˣʡؾѾλˣѻҲˣ̸רȥԷн档
նͻȻɤ۶еɣֵĳ棬ҲˣˣĶӻǣУе˻㱵ĸо
רң飬ҶˡնʱҲ˵ʲôˣֻǿһҪԣӪΪĿԷһš
ûжãɫ껪дһʡˡ
ţ֮󣬶Щ죬֪⣬ôԷҪʡ˳أ
ѵ˵Ǿˣն֮涼һЩ
ֻҪڵˣǾʲôǿú̸һ̸ģҲζŽ¶龪һˡ
ѳ˾ϵһ£Ƿ߶飿ն̾˾
ѳɵõϢ֮̾ʹʿ˹
չô棿ѳɼն֣֮Щʵ
ͬѧǴƵʡݳףһ£û뵽״նش
ʱоֵ쵼˹ύһϸն
ѳǸӣ֮˶溰ˡ
ԽһˣЩҪǿ˵
ѳɿ˿Լˣһı߽ȥˡ
˼֮Ǹı߳ˣͬʱѽдѧʦѧҲˡ
˶ʱһɧæЩ˸ţȻѯ
ʲôڣӲǺѳɿǰ;е
˾оֵˡıС˵ʡĶͼһλŮѧ죬ݺͬѧǣպоֵһλ쵼¶չӾȻͺ˾죬߲ض¶ôˡ
оֵ쵼ѳ֮󣬶ʱһ
оǸʲôԽӸλԽֵܹĺ壬쵼˽Ӵһţ˵еĴһλ쵼չҲ˥ˡ
һλ쵼ѳʵ
ıشоֳָҶٽ
Сѳ֮󣬾һۣԭҶҵӰչ಻ƣն˼Ҷûа취Ȼ͸ȥôһԼû¶¶ǵôһһէΪʲô¡
ʱ򣬲ıֽһݶϽѳ˾о˾תίģҶֳҪ÷ɻǣί׳Ҷͬ־
ѳһϸҶױǩĹҲҵֱӾȥˣ֮ߵն߶˵ʡоֳָҶٽɹûʲô顣
նʱҲͨЩʦǵ֪ͣ淢飬Ϊջû뵽ԩ·խȻҶ
Ҷǽеĸɲ٣˼ͬʱҲǹоְֳָٽʡĹܲ˼ҡ
飬նжôˡ
ۿ˼ҶѾԼĴָ쵽ˣնȴûκηİ취񵹺ãȻ˼۸ˣʡδ棿
ҽУо֣նŭˣҪҶÿ
ҶҲʮ˶ѣԼ߶ǧ׼ˣն治ţǸҰԼô
Ҷˣնʡ߹٣ҶԼҲҶҵļ̳ˣٳϵϣ֮ǣûпΪôֵöǹ޷ʰ
նù溰Ҷ̷ˣǾͻˣеʧȫ𣡡
Ǹʡû侲һЩ㲻̸ʡôֳʲô
ܽȥ˭֪ˣʲôж̱ʾǿҵķԡ
նԼȴЩɣΪô˵ѿ϶аѱҶסˣҲôڵش治ߣΧš
ˣһǽȥҶҲġնھˡ
ȻˣҶţҲҶʡԱôĻǱ߶ôĹȥҶҲˡ
λгί棬Ҳÿ˶Ҷүӹϵõģͬĵ淴ԶүҶҲֻЩ˲ѡ
Ʒ˱仯ҶҵƲ٣ôкܶ˷ǵĿҲǺܴģҶðַգҶ¶
ȥɡʡ˾ѳɱʾ
лˣ֮˽¶նл
֮󣬹ƻҪҶ̸һЩģնϣڳ˳ȥĻʡ
նһģȻ߽˽ɫ껪Ȼ¥
߶¥ݿҶıڵţ֮󣬾Ͱ˽
նһţͿ˶ڽĶѣŶɳҶɵŭ㵽ô


409 ǲǳԿˣ
նһţͿ˶ڽĶѣŶɳҶɵŭ㵽ô
ҶɳһҪվӭӵ뷨ûС
նŭڵӣҶ浹Ǻ⣬նСûٸ鷳ץסʹţҶȻҪһġ
ʡ̫ˣ̸ҶָָһԵɳ˵ӸݺҪأӦ÷ˣң
նһڽѣʱгŭ
ôôһأ
ѱҶҪϼ꣬ǿµķֱϺ껹ҪϺꡣ
նǻɣҶģĻôѷʲô
ѣô¶նһʶӡ
ѿ˸һۣͷ˵ѾҶõ֤֤ʣҽ飬ʦͬѧǶҪһ׻ѻҲ޲ˡ
¼¼ʡһ鿴Ҷ˵
̾б¼Ŵ¼ȥղŵطһ顣
дĻĵӣʱնھ٣̲ס˹ȥݺݵһţߵùһ߶š
Ǹ˾ͱסˣԱ߶Ĵ̨ıո档
㵽ҪôնŬԼƽһЩȻҶ⡣
ڽУҺܲģӰ쵽ѧ顣Ҷ˹ػشҾãȽϺãҲʡ鷳
СҰ̳ȥĴǰɡն֮󣬾һ
ֻҪ뿪ǷѣԺлҶ鷳Ϊһʡ֮˵ҪѰҶĻеǰ취
һʱ֮öƽնĻеġ
УûȥңҲʵе۸ˣԺͣһʱᷭҶ˵ʥһִģκ鷳
СҾ͸绰֪һԺֻܵϵ顣նҧӦ
飬նҲú´ӦҲʲôʱԼĻҲ˵ùȥģʡҲܹһطϵͬ־Լ뷨ҲǺ顣
ʡʹˣôдѧЩʦǵİʡӦùһµģǵôѹ˭кôҶ˵ͷ
С㻹ʲôҪ˵նʵ
Ҷ˰֣һЩм˵ʲôûУܺӾˡһȻңǲܷŹģҴˡ
Ҷ˵ˣȻѵ˾СޱȣҶȻܷŹûһʡĺõ
ˣ㡣նȴԸӦüͷǸȽˣкӰӱץˣҲý
ʲôýģҶһʲô⣬ֱңоץˣѵҪʡк
о־ǵλȻ˽ҲǲԵġնŭôҲų򽭳ͬ־ӳ⣡
ҰҶЦһҸͬ־ĹϵҪˣٽľΣԸڵģоȻλȻǴԵ޹۸ˣһǵҵͷϣֿԣ浱𣿡
ҶҵȻģʵϲ˵ҶңڵҶԼҲģоٽֳݣ󲿷ʡԱηˡ
Ϊһֻһ׳ⲿţоֵĵλȷʵƽǲȥ۸ˣҪ۸˵ĻֻҪǴпһ׳Ҳܲǵ̨
Ͼгίǵİȫ⣬ɶģ˵ǵĺȨòϵĻôܹȷڸóʱԸĸأ
նת˺üȦ֮˵¼ʹŴҡ
û⡣Ҷͷͬˡ
̽¼ʹŴȡ˹ŵϡ
նӿڴͳһһȻԼô̵ϣڣ˳
һֹ˹Ŵ¼˽ȥȻùһƿ֪˭ʿɣֱӽһƿƶ˹档
ʥʹôˣնһ߶ţһ߶ôǹľƸȼֻĻʱðһ߶ߣ¼ʹŴð˴̱ǵζ
նȴһζţɳһҶϵ顣
鲻ܣֻȷ˼ĿƽĿǰʵܹܽͻڰɡҶڻش
նĶ÷ǳȻƺǺһ顣
ڣΪһҹҼ¼ǵĵӻءն˵⻰ʱѾָһʡ֮ϣȥȫǸոһĻף̸һ
ǵģǵļҵչǰǺܺõģܹѲֵʮϣ˰ڡҶڻشмĿڲ߻Уƺֻᷭϣ˰ʮڡ
նȻǸû¶ҲҶĴֱʸһ
ͶʶʲôĶǿˮֵģ˵˰ٶ٣ǿüٵĶҶȻں˰ʮڣԲſڿӡ
еľʵֻ˵ǲòеģ̰ҲԣҶܹʥ˰ʮϣôǵʥչΪһ˵ĹҼĿԾ̫ˡ
û׼ҶܹĿõȫһ
ĻԺҪѹҶ͸ҵˡ
ն¶ɵЩˣͻȻָͷһʹŷͷѾյָͷˡ
æͷӽǹ̵Уһͷ̴ֹѾ˻ҽЩ϶һŶɫɫļӲʣһЩҲյñΡ
һȥɣ˶ȵżˡն˿Щҽվ
ðҲ̫ãӰ˼ˡҶ˵ͷʾͬ
ڽӴǱ߶Ūץֱۡ
Ѵʱӽ˳ͷնߡ
ǵ·ˡҶ˵
ǣȵ˿նҶֵʱ򣬾ͼһȺҲУľ٣ӵһλ翸ǵˣӽɫ껪˳
նû˵ʲôŶγ뿪ˡ
ҶǺȤظڳ˼˸棬ָʡ˾ѳ֣ƺһƬӡ
ֻһھʵ٣ô׷ŹѺնӣǲеԿˣ


410 һ⼸
㿴ǿϳԿ𣿡ҶЦЦ
һֱҶ˶󣬾ûйԿľ飬ҶҵǱڵնȻҲռƵ£ɷŹȥ
ҲնˣûиҪʲôʵԵ⳥ôҲǻʤһбھʵ
ڴҿһҶյ룬ѡ
ѸϻͼҶߣһоϣ°¶֮ƶҶǼΪģֻҪץס鲻ţնһ᲻òӦܶ
ǴҶļҪ϶޹ʹģ˵طŹնѸ˾Щˡ
Щ飬ǲġҶЦҡҡͷ
߲㲩ģµᶮ
ҶǸնôĻһݣֱӾӣҲҪҶսˣĻʤˣҶҲûʲôôԡ
ҶǿϳԿˣնǲϳԿˣײĻ˭޷ܵģҶŻһЩ޹ؽҪ˵ѳ
ֻ飬ҶҲøǽϾܹЩϸڵˣĲࡣ
˪Ҷԣͷ飬ʱ̧ͷһҶ
ôˣҶʵ춯ǹģûŵɣ
˪ҡҡͷûСֻû뵽ʡҲˡ
Ҷ˶ʱЦʡҲˣȥ˹⻷֮󣬸ͨûʲôĳЩͨˡʡӾ͸Ӳˣʵʲô¶ҪݵĻƶӰˡ
⻰Ȼ˵еȴҲʵ顣
չǰڽжǺߵģȴû뵽һλţƵҶҶ٣ͷһͳ˹˾˾Ҷ˸ˡ
˼ҶҶٵ֮˵ûӰҲǲܵģϾնԹԵ˼ҶҶٵǰͷĴж󣬿֪
㻹ȸȥɣ߶飬ʱ㲻ѧУΪáҶ˪˵
ھ뿪ѧаµʱ䣬ȻݳѾһ䣬ô˪ҲûбҪѧУ棬鿴һĸҲӦõ顣
š˪û˵ʲô˵ͷ
ְֵĸʡӦҲˡҶһ飬ͲɵЦ
ҰҲûжѽôô죿˪֮Щʵ
Ȼ˵ڹٳϵ鲻ô˽⣬ǻĳʶҲ֪һЩȻ֮ܵҶƽãֽһְҲһЩɼʱж̣һҪʤθʡƺҲܡ
Ҷ˵֮˪;еš
ǺǣίǸ没ˣ˳½һְҶЦŽ͵ѾƶֽΪʡ飬ò˶ãٿʮĴ֮ǰͿʵˣʱȻΪʡɲ
ʵϣֽҲҶҵҶƽص̣ȻѾ˺ܶɼȻҪʤ׷ģΪʡͽίί֮УҶƽԣҲǾбȽҪġ
ζҶƽ֮˱ȽʵͬʱҲΪίί֮УһųίƱ
һ㣬ίίʮ˵УҶƽԼͳսڡ֯Ȩί鳤ءоίίٽЩҶƽֱ֧ߣһƱˣټһЩƱϿԱ֤ҶƽڳίƶԼ⡣
˵ҶƽԼίԱĴñѹˣίǵƱҲܹгίռݾԳˡ
ٽ볣ίĻôҶƽȵƿеľ档
ȻˣҶƽ᰸̫׶ĻһЩ֧߿϶Ҳᷴˮģɲʲô£ɲ¶ĻǸִˣίҲԼ󣬲ԭ֧ĳһˡ
ΪҲ֧Ұ𣿡˪ȻҶһ⡣
ʵϣѾ˺ܾá
ǰھǵʱ˪ĸֻˮһ޹ؽҪĸ˾ĹԱƽʱǴ;Ӷ࣬ɢúܣԲʱȥѧʲôúͽڵȵȣŵ˽УһĴϣǱˡ
û뵽ҶͻȻˣͨҶƽһֽͰʵ͸Уһ齨ֽίΡ
ڣ˽ίǣίίΪʡɲĻᡣ
ܲ˵͵ǨǸҶʶ˪ֲģˣҶƽίԱôᷢһʵԱ֮ļʵ̫ˣͲһ
ҴɲĽǶ˵ҲҶҵĵϵôõλôֵͷϣ
Լ棬ҲͶԴ˱ʾɻֻǲ˼ʳڶѣ˼Ůǰ¶һЩġ
ԣ˪дһʡ
ν߲㣬ʵűԹû¶ͱһ˭Ȩ󣬱һ˭㣬һ˭ֵܶ࣬һ˭ıһ˭յǿǹģñʵģôҾͱǿааһôҾͱǿһ绰˭㻹ҪǮôҾͱǿҶ֮󣬾Ͷ˪˵ԣҶҲֻҶģǵֵҲܶġеģֻһֱûʲôòöѣֻǺؽһ£ҶҷǸ֮Ķѣʵô򵥡ȻˣΪݶ飬ѡͶҶҵӪҲǷǳӭġ
ԣһݵ顣
ҺԣҶϵҲʲôõ顣
ȻˣΪ㣬Ҳʶ֣ҲܰƼҰ֣Ҳڵ͡
͹۵һԴͷ
ܹߵڵλãؼԼ
ô˵ܹ𣿡Ҷһ֮ͨŤͷ˪
˪ȥ챻ˣһЦˣЩɲ˵ǺܷѾ˵˰ҲûеõʲôõϢ
ΪⱾͲûش𡣡Ҷͷ˵һʵкü𰸡
Ŷ˪ǳȤؿҶʾ˵һ˵
ңһشΪ㡣
ңһشΪԼ
ңһԥػشǼľ
ԣ֪ˣκһ⣬ʵǿкܶ಻ͬ𰸵ġҶ˵


411 һ֣
Ҫ;Ϸչǵɲ𣿡˪Դ˸еЩ⡣
ġҶһ˪ЦŻش
һΪݵֻҪԼŬˣͻɹֻҪһΪĸɲͻһ·Ρ˪Щźҡҡͷ
ôܣҶˣʱʧЦ
˪ҶһۣȻûǿ϶Ǿòʹġ
ҶҲ˼Ц˪˵СѾͷе棬͸Щʣֻ룬Ȼ˵Ĳ˵ͱ˵ѰɣնĶӣƾı£ܻϽдѧУѧĸϯ𣿡
ѵĵʲôӣ˵ǰ֪пԭģͨ˽֮󣬴ҾͿһˣѹһСԣһûеֻǽţ׵ǰ͸һһ㡣
ҲܵУѧĸϯԾ˼ҿ׵ϣŸôһοĻְֵλ
˪Ҷ·ţɫͺˡ
ϵ·ƵĹдһʵĹ֮УʱǴӿ¿ĻͿԿĵƻ
̫ӵ𣿡˪Ȼʵ
̫ӵҶֻ֮ǺǺǵЦɲý綨Ǽÿ˻ٿ϶ùһЩϸ˵̫ӵ˵Ƿǳ׼ȷ˵ٶߺһЩ
Ŷ˪˵ͷ˵һЩʶ
͸ԣڱûϮƣΪ쵼ÿ춼һˣвͬѪͳ˵ǹûϮơҶ˪˵ִڴڵıϮƣÿ˶ᡣ˵ĸٵģŮδĹԱĸλõģŮҲܰŵλ
ǳ˵̫ӵ˵ܱ˴˺ӦЭжĵϲ㳤ڵ̫֮˺ܶഴˣǲ֧飬ҪôΪ֮ĶԹҪô˴֮ľһ϶Ǹɽͷռ¡Ҷ˪˵ȻĳλԪϽŮھ̽лЯӦγһйͬСȦӣҲǿġ
ҲԼСȦ𣿡˪ܺ
ʵϽ˪֪ҶʥҼ¼ĹίΣĹԱͬʱʲôоֵٽֳһʡնǳɵĴ
ǰֻ֪ҶҶƽǳ˲ãүүҶǬгίڶУҲλȨԺһʱĴֱ죬˪źȻ֣ԭҶԼҲǳ˲
оֳָʲô˪ǲģٽʲôͷǳģһдѧѧѵʱ򣬹ǵʡ˾Ҳһٽѡ
뵽˪ɵͣ˽ŲҶϵһŽǣЩʧ
ǰϿŽǵˣ϶ʮˣȴû뵽Ҷʮܹ꣬Ͻǣѵ˵ΪΪ̫ӣܱƽ˶ô
һ𣿡˪ʵ
Ůӻ϶ƷԵھװһĤݵ˪ƺҲ⣬һװ翸ǵҶ˪̲סԼҪ
˵ˣ㴩Ҳû⡣Ҷǳȵ˵
Ҳ֪ԼĸͷҪ˪ðһЩԼ·Ͽ϶ǷǳģֻҶҲеڴ˪ĴϾװĻһʲôУ
ܷϣ˻ҲһЩƷԵװʲôƷ绤ʿŮװʲôŮӣϺеֿ
Ҷǰ΢㣬һ˪ΣԼ䡣
˪ȺȻػסҶ˫ȴļ£Ľǡ
һ֮˪˵оǴ
ȻˡҶʱЦҲʲôֻǵ긱ͳ˧׹֮ʬ嶼յñˣǻûڻӦҲʲôرĲƳɵİɡ
ļ϶ܵƣ׾ķӦ
һӣ˪ɫͱˡ
ҶȻе᲻ãǲòȻĻеˡ
˪ֿʼҶ֣ΪԴղŵΡ
ǰѧУʱ򣬾͹㷺һ仰˵ѧϰòְֺá˪Ҷ˵ʱʦǳĻЩԼĸĸȨƶѧҵѧǵĸĸȨƣǲܹһӣֻܸˣԺĵ·ҪԼߡ
ȻһĴѧȴҷʦĻǼģѧϰȷʵȲϰְֺãְֺòֻܸŮ󣬶һΪһõĹʳǣٷơ
Ҷ˵ͷʾͬ˵ûνıϮơ
ʵҶڽҵ֮ˡ
˵ǰͥĺӻͨͷأǽҵ֮ȴ·ҲˡѧϰٺãûǮ飬ֻķݡ
ƽնԣҽƲҵǸգҵϡһ˵ǣҽƲҵ۸ˣҵ۸Сӡ
෴ҵʹЩѧϰãĸȨƵŮȴԶƴѧõһƾȻƽ𣬺׬Ǯٷơ
ȨϵӣڸĸŮ֮䣬ֵ֮䡢֮䡢֮䡢֮䡢ͬѧ֮Լ֮䡣
ʵϵıϮƣԴʼʷϳ֮ײϮ֮ʱһֱţĲƣǷţȴ˵طٵһȨ˸ܵ´Ҷ˵ʱľƷƣΪ˷ֺ;ټ˲ţƷĹְŸ֮Ұѳֱ֣ʱڷչĿƾƣűȽϺõĽ˺;·Ź峣׵ȷΪͨ·
ϮƷĵĶֱθܡ᲻ƽȺײӶȶΣ
ڿϮ;ȨУеȨģǸȨ͡ǣȨ󣬲ȨΪáΪϵΪıӹȨͬǵ˽ͼҲȨԼȨߵӵܡıȡСĹߡǵӵԼӵܵӵȨҲ編ƣҴӶλεĶѭ
չ˵ԣͨڵ;ԸͻǿҵļֵʧкܻܿѰļ˷ʽҶ˵侫ӢĳһʶʱͻִϾսҶҵһҪԭǣ¹ͨ侫ӢѰļ˷ʽ
㾿һ֣ӢϮ˪Ҷʵ


412 
ôѽ綨Ҷ˵ϮľӢɡ
Ƥ񡣡˪Ц˵
Ҷǣ˪֣Сĵ󣬸оĴУЩпػشҪ٣Ƥôܣû⼸棬Ա飬ġѧʵڴҶѧأĺڣдչ
ѧ˪˶ʱһ㶣û˵Ȿ飬ɵЩ죬ΪҶұ顣
ɲҺģŻؼ壬϶֪ģʵڲٸ߲쵼Ȿ顣Ҷش˼Ҳ򵥣˵ƤҪǽҪú̿ܳΪӢۺܡ
˪֮Щſڽ˵ô飬һרȥ
ĹԱ϶ǲġҶЦ
ʵϣںܳһζʱ棬ѧǽ顣
ʮºԲдһѧΪ¶ؾʵ̫ˣƹĻҶĺڣ̫пˣΪ˱֤Դ¢ϣ߲;˴顣
ţܶ¶֮òԴȻĵˡ
ĵؽڹٳ֮еǣûвѧϰѧ
ѧ˼ɣ˪ʵ
Ҷ˵ǹԱ˪һЩġ
Ȼϸϸһ룬ԼһԱȥʦ飬Ҳַǳ鼮˵ʲôѧʮضĿ鼮֮ģʲôûԹ
ҲûеõأһܹѧõġҶǷǳǫرʾѧ򡣵һǺǽú̿ڶǺӲڶǺΣڶɫ
ͣһ£ҶűʾϸһĻʵһĿ궼ûдءⶫûмʮĻ޷ɹġ
ô𣿡˪ʵ
Ȼؼ÷ǳλҶشö˵ѧ˵ÿÿˣΩۡѧˡ֪Ѷ֪ˣ֪飬֪ҩһ𴩣ţȼϬٹֱ֮֡ܺ߱٣ʵкޱ˿ռթ飬ʩ似ӡǺֻ֮óӢۺܣԣթƭӡ֮ѧģǳգŽ鼮ûжᡶѧߣʵҲ
룬ʲôôƳġѧܲ𣿡
Ҷ˵ôһ֮ͨ˪ҲеЩ⶯ˣҶ˵Ҫһˡ
еǱؿŮҿˡʹһҪҲҪԼûʲôôġҶʾ
Ϊʲô˪ʵ
ҪŮѧеĺ裬ϹԿҶ
һҲëȻˣеҪ˱ڣҲѧãֵùŮѧˣڼѧõĻǲ
һǶ˼⣬ʵŮѧҲôģСС񲻺ȻǶǵġ
סƵɡҶ˪˵
˵Ҫ𣿡˪˵
үǱ߶Ҫȥһ£˵岻áҶ͵Ұе󷽱㣬ֻȥˡ
ίԱίǣ࣬㣬ôҲˣ˪Щʵ
һЩ֥ùӵˣҪȥ˾Ƶ֮㽲Ҷ˵
ǡðɣ㲻ɣ˪˵
ᣬԲᣡҶһر֤ȴЦ˻
˻ϲ˳ҶŮƵ꣬ն߶ȴͷʹúܡ
ȻˣҶ֮һҪȸͳȥ
նҲӦ飬ʾҪѸ͵Ĵȥ
ҲȥĴǣɽҰģʲô˼ѶԴ˱ʾǿҵķԣʵչӵ滹˪Ůأô뿪У
ǵӣն־ͳ˶һӣ⵹ùǣҷŸҶһССĸɲʵʵظҹȥ֮ڲ
ն϶Ƿǳŭģʵ̫ˣ椶ʲô飿˼ҶѻҪС꣬ȴѾǸɲٽˣ˸ûȡ
Ҳһ룬Ҷƽأ˼ҶƽѾίԱ͹쵼˵ȦȥˣʡֻǺίҲġ
Ҳ뿪УΪʲôҪǸҶȻԣ˵֤ҲջˣǺαҪһ٣
նٳϵ˴򽻵ЩǱҪصģԼô˼ҲûбҪԼ
ŲȻ˵ٳϵ˽һթ¶ԶԵģ˵˫Ѿĳ´ԼôصĹǱҪصģ֮ΪԼʲôɿصĺ
ǵնҶҶҵļ̳˵ʱ򣬲ܼ򵥵ΪһëͷСӣǸĹίΣоֵٽֳҶնӵĶ֡
Ȼܹ˽еʡ˵նҲǵ֮Ȼȥ򵥵Ĵ
׼һ°ɣǱģĴǲеĻȥҲԣͰˡն˿ӣ̾˿ҲȨ֮ƣֻǳȥһȦҲǱģҶʾһ̬֮ǰԼǱصġԺҪĻҲһŻƱѡ
ҲİѺҪˣ˪ٷ֮پҶˣ
˪նһǲߣ˪ҲҶģ
ʲôѿŸףЩ֪롣
ߣ֪˪˭Ůնߵֽ͵ŮҶھǵʱʶˣܹҲߵ߶;ҪίίΪʡ߹٣ҪŮôĶ֪
˵նҪĶ⣬վʡʡİɣʡ֪ܵأΪ飬Ҫһˡ
ǸҶ𣬻ʲô⣿Щʵ
ն̾˿ΪǵĵˣֻҶһ𣿡
ѵǣʵ
⽭ʡ棬ֻ۾ڶҵλӣն̾˿ʡίûʲô¶ˣһֺܲõͷȥҶҵˣⲻǸ칥ҵĽ𣿡
ôӡˣʶԡ
ȥһӰɣҸһ˻ʮԪ㻨һˡն˵Ȼȵúѧ㿴˼Ҷôǣһͷģ
ŶѴӦȴЩΪȻ
Ȼ˵ҶƺǣǿҶҵûҶңҶʲô


413 ന
ݵľȻǺܷǻˡһ磬Ҷƿ̨ϵĴ¿ӿ
סݵˮƵ꣬ҲһָĴƵ꣬ɲһࡣ
ˮƵ깲жʮ¥ռҲȽϹ㣬еͣ㣬ʹõĽ϶µģ˵Ͷ벻ƣֻͶʷ¼ˣҶ²ܸ¼µϼЩϵ
¼Ҳã۵Ǳ߶ҲãھƵҵľӪǺоģһڵгȻȵƣˮƵסʺܸߣƽ𼾽ڻ϶ǿ
һӵҶǹʱ򣬺׾Ͷķ䡣
Ҷ濴ȥͿᰣԶĺĶˮʱѾںϻ糿һܹܵˬĿȵļУʵѵá
ҶݲǺϤ߶ͣʱҲࡣ
ȻʥĹίΣӦöʡܵģΪնĹϵг֮ûȥʡʡĹԱйʲôҲǾ˾ѳɣλʡ֮ˡ
Ҷ濴ʱŵ
Ҷ߹ȥһǾƵͲ͵ķ
ͷ񡣡ͳ˽ȻذڷŲ棬һӣǻʰġ
ţõġҶ˵ͷֳһųƱݸ˷
ллף졣лȻƳͳ˳ȥ
ҶŹغãȻȥ˪𴲡
ԷĴ棬˪ʱѾˣֻЩɫ
ȳȥ˼Ҫ·˪ҶȻܽʱñӹסԼ󷢽
ٺ٣һʲôģҶٺһЦȴǲ뿪
Ȼ˵ϣ˲ûʲôǼ׵黹еģʱ˪;Ϸ̣Щ˼
飬е˵ڣǿҶֻЦݣ˪ԼҪ棬Ҳ
ҶȴǱ˪ڵĶֹеһŶ棬̲ס˹굽棬˪һӣŪ˪һ˯Ҳûˣա
ò״T֮˪ܵȥϴ
ᣬ˼ôŶ˪ϷҶµĲݮʱЩߵֵ
ûɶģһ¾ͿʹţпɡҶں˵
Ҳֻˡ˪ΣֻôԼз˷ҳһϣȻһţп㴩ϡ
˳֮ҶͱʾҪȥ游үǱ߶ȥ
ҲȥɣҴھƵˡ˪Ȼ˼ҶȥүϾ˵ĹϵȻѾˣȴûʲô֡
û¶ʵҸǵĹϵԶһ˹ȥеӦֲ£㻹ҹȥɡҶ˵
ǡ˪ԥһ£ҶȷʵҲͦģǾ͵ͷӦðɡ
ϼլеռشĶҵһԺ䣬ŽģʽԺ䣬Ժȴڼ佨ģʱȥȻǷǳʵġ
ҶûֱȥϼլǸന˵绰
ҶĴനʱڽʡïԴŵζ³ԼĸҵʽǽʡڹģȽϴ˽˲ϰ塣
Ͼ92꣬ʱһǧ̶ǱȽţƵҪ˵നĸʽĴϰˣڽʡڹҵȦ棬Ҳһϯ֮صģѹֻᱻ˳֮Ϊү
ãന绰洫һȵȽš
ãҶҶȶһ񣬡ݣǷ񷽱棿˵ү岻ʣһ˼ҡ
ԭСõģֱïԴŰɣڰ칫ҵ㡣നʱе仯ȻЩġ
ôˣനûиһйʲôӴʱҶͻȻݣȻЩ
ˣСʱҾ͵ˡҶ˵
õģſڵ㡣നش
Сʱ֮ҶĳïԴŵͣͣ
Ϊ֮ǰҶһԼĳʲô߶̾ܳˣӭ˹
ãҶү𣿡ӭһλѯʵ
ãҶҶ˵ͷ
Ҷүã³ȺʱˣʹǹȥЦ˵
ˡҶͷ
Ҷǣ˪֣ڣ߽ïԴŵĴ¥档
ïԴŵǺܲһ㣬ܲ¥ҲһʮۺԴ¥ȥųǴ¥ϵľ޴ĸ֣żܿ
еĸ߲㽨£ïԴŵܲ¥ǺȺǳۣҲֻ¥Ტۡ
˵Ĺ˾ͷأһͬѧݳ˪ҶĶС˵
ѧУ˽ݳ飬ҲһܣҶЩʵ
ֻҪӰϿΣѧУһǲܵģǰǲܳ¶˪شǰΪݳѧ۸飬ѧУϽѧ˽ԲμҵݳǺû¶ˡֻҪ⣬û˹ʡ
ŶԭˡҶ˵ͷ
˵ݣֱӾʮ¥Ķ³칫ڵ¥㡣
ന˽ϰԣһϰڽ¥ĶԼϾΪϰ壬ͷǲñ˲ȥģֻվڱ˵ͷϣǺġ
ǽ߶ķ飬Ǻעַˮ顣
Ҷһ˵ݣͿվΪ׵һ˴ԼʮͣȥţĸѻòϡЩƣһǴനˡ
ãҶҶ߼ӭȥҽܵ
Сû뵽ôˡനҶҲܴϿѻӰɵЩ
Դӵѻ޸Ҷƽ֮үӺܲˣֵҲôôˣҲҶСʱΣനʱҶȻѾˣɵʮ±Ǩп
λǣനҶߵ˪һʱ֮ò׼ݣֻǾŮӿȥҶѯʵ
˪ֽͬ־ͬѧˡҶന˪ݡ
Ŷԭǧ𣬹Ȼǳ󷽡ന˵ͷҸҲм֮Ե˵Ҳˡ
ΪизǳനһЩ鷽еﲢİ
ֽķչǳѸ٣ïԴǱ߶Ҳأ׼Ϊ鷢չͷനҲǼġ
ɣһЩǡനҶ˪߽˷䣬һ߶˵


414 ίʲô
ݰҶ˿ЩˣͶһҲʮҡ
ന֮󣬾ͿʼҶЩ˵ݡ
̷ʡδ
Ԫ硣
ƽ磬˵ĺӡ
ñá
നĽܣҶҲЩǼ
ҶԵñȽȣ׷Ҷʺãͬʱʺѻ
Ҷϸ۲һЩǣͷһǳñȽϳɫеŮòϼҵŴȷʵ
ʡθ߲ȻĻҲˡനֲһ
Ҷ˵ͷʾ˽⡣
ϼȻʫ񴫼ңҲͳүɽôһλѧʦ
Ϊĸ˲ٿͷԵʣڶﷴǶԸմЩˣ̵ḷ̌ĴûԸѧˡ
Ϊ飬үɽҲЩźÿһ뵽Щ飬Щ̾ģֻ˵ˣܹǱѧԽԽ١
үӵŮҲ࣬നŮСŮѻനһһŮϽԪϽãһϽƽŮһһŮ
ϽԪϽƽ䶼ҶҪһЩʮˣֻϽСһЩҲֻǱҶСʱҲڽдѧѧȻ˪һģֻѡǷרҵ
Ǽҵĵϵô࣬ϵʲôȻȽ϶࣬ȴҲûбҪ˶ǸеġനҶ˵
Դ˴£ҶǱʾͬģʵҲһ鷳ˣЩϵԶǣҪӦҲ൱ķϸ
Ҷ˵̬ܿҲǫനͷ˵ҶҲǹڶĴţҶȻᣬȴҲٲȻдҷ緶ֻʱ򲢲ҶѾһĸɲˡ
Ȼ˵ʥڽʡڣΪԭնԸҶ飬ԼǽʡˣҶʥҲǺ̷Ϊĸɲʥеӡ󣬵Ҳû뵽ҶǸʥĹίҶ
ԭһΪԼûжĹϵһڵͨѶԶԻǱȽϱܶҶ
ųȥˣҪȻĻ϶ҪһġҶӡܲһ´Ůûгֵԭ
ԺлġҶ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
ӽĻģϼҵҪ϶ˣⱾҲһ̬ȣȻ˵үӶҶûʲôõĿǴӴ˶̷߶̬ȣϣϻŶݵġ
ϾҶʲô˭ҲүеϺͿȻնѧãܾҶ
һöǱȽϾнˣȻ޴룬˵ʱҲܽⷽҲܹҶֵж
Ҷ߶ĲϤȴȥ˾ǻ飬ҪǸҵ绰Ǳ߶ҽӷҶҲʱرʾԼơ
ǸãҶݣӦö߶߶ġനͷ˵үһֱãǰһЩ뷨ҲЩҡˣһСܹת̬Ҳ˵ô˵ôˣΪ¶ǼֵҲȽġ
үѾʮϵˣֶһͶ׬һʱڵһ飬Ҳʲô¶
ҶҲãനͻȻڻүĸ֮Ĺϵģ϶һЩ˵
Сѧ𣿡̷ʵ
ŶǱ߶˸ѡҶһ£¶ûбҪʵش˵ʵѾˡ
Ѿˣʮ갡ӦѧͲŶԡ֮󣬾Щȵ˵
ô룬˶Ϊ¶ƺЩ׵
ϼȻûʲôѧʵˣǶѧҵûǱȽصģʮͣӦڴѧѧͣȻҶȴѾμӹˣ¶ȻôҾ޷ܡ
ĥ󿳲񹤣ѧĶҪѧģھ͹ǲЩˣനҲʾԼڴµĿҶǴţĿҪܴڶ쵼ɲѧҲԽԽˣûһĹϵǨܻܵӰġҶҵܴ󣬵ǿԹܵһЩ鷳ܹܿˡ
ǣҲô͹ʱүӵ˽УҲûа취ҶʾǱ߶ѧţǿԵʱ򣬹ȥμһ£ǲʲôӰ졣
Ŷˣ˵ͷȻЩʵڵĹǸһЩʲô飿
ʵҲܼ򵥵ģǴʱѣ鶼бȥޡҶЩ˼ػش
Ҷҵӵܰμ˹ҲǹҸѣҶĿҾܹõҶʱĳ
һȺΧҶתƣʲô¶˰ˣҶÿһֽһţ¶칫תתû¶˻ؼңôеĺӵܵҸʱⰡ
ҶĸŹǱϽЩ׷ʵ
ʥιίΡҶش
ʲôˣʱһ
˵ϽöίûʲôֻǾҶôСȻˣôനԴ˾൱ˡ
ȫû뵽ҶȻǸĹίΣ
ʥĹίȷʵҶֻҲû뵽ҶȻԼҶ
ϸһ£ҲͲѵóĽˣҶҪӵܣ϶ͨһһ򰾵ģ϶Ƚϸߡ
Σ𲽾Ǹһʵְɲȷʵеˡ
ίΣʲôӦǸƼ˰ɣϽүӵӳ٣ҲǸƼɣǾҶʵ
ŶǵģƼˡҶӦһ
飬治˼˵ʲô˽ְ񼶱Ǻ˳µ飬Լǰ԰ڣûʲô˼ˣǴҫһ㣬ɧ飬ġ
ϽȻίʲô˲֪
ֻǴӴ˺̷ſϴ棬ҶܹϢǴˡ
ͣһӣ̷˵ֹǸƼʥǹҼ¼ίһ֣ʵʵĸɲû뵽ҶôСͣȻǸĸ߸ˣ
ϽõˣȻޱ𾪡
ô˵ʮҶѾϼְλߵͬһˣ
Ҫ֪ʮˣŲǲĸʮĴ򰾻һ


415 ǾͰ
ڳÿһ˶е𾪣ҶҵȨȷʵá
ҶǸʮˣϾѹһҼ¼ĵӣίΣĸɲȷʵܹʥ绽ˡ
Ŷ飬ǣ˸߲һЩģͲ˵ˡҶҶһ𾪣Ҳ˵ʲôˣ˰֣ǰ¶ҹȥɽˮģ˿Ҷ٣չռޣûʲô˵ġ
നҡҡͷŬʹԼõһЩô˵ɲģҲ̫ˣԺˡ
ʮĸȷʵ˸еԾƶʱ޷ǨˣϾҲǸոոûʵǨҲңʥ޴ĳɼ֮ǰҶǶҪﵣιίˡ
ʡʥ̬Щƽʱûмһ˸еЩ죬һֱĥ¶ء̷˵С֪ԭˡ
ҶҵҶƽʡն֮ìܣϼҵһһ֪ģҶҵҶͻȻְ൱̶ˣնϲŹأȥ̨ѾǷǳѵá
Ҳ֪û׼նȥ̨ˣֻһ˲֪ѡ
նòƢ𱩣ʵĻҲ٣ֻʥ̫ߣ޴ֶѡҶǺһ㡣
үǰǲҪնˣʡɨˡന˵
ѵүնĺأҶеЩ˼顣
٣үƽѧòѧ棬һʮͷʡԭڹ̳϶Ƕһ޶أ֪·ûе𣿡നش
̷Ҳ˵ʵΪүӸնĸ׹ϵĪ棬ݼڰˡնˣҿôԹʵˡ
ȻֻһΪվڹٳϵĽǶȿ⣬նһЩɸ˽⣬Դʱնֲмı黹ǺԵġ
үǰɴûô˵നЦ
ҲЦŻشүϲնƽʱΪеİ佱ȥ˵ĻǲԼҲ𣿡
ҶҲЦ˵ү徿Σ
͵ˣǰˣпɡᵽ¶നҲûж˵Ц˼ֻ̾˿
ҶѰ˼һӣȻ˵һǾһ˼ңһҹ˼ݹɽΣЧűðɡ
òŰɣҲɽΣʮĲˡന˵
⼸ÿϰĲ䣬ò׸㵽ġҶش
һ˺ܾãһ˶ٷȵʱ򣬲ɴനҶȥϼլ
үӵľȷʵֻһЩݣɫЩҶϸ۲һ£ͷүеտȻʮ㣬Ӧòʲô鷢
ⷽҲСĵã˵Ʋһ¶ԷĽ״ǰõġ
үӼԼ֮ҲЩ꣬ҶûʲôԹǹеѯҶѧҵǱ߹飬ͱʾͬʱΪһ鵥
ΪҽҪүӸҶһҲǴ˰Сʱӡ
ҶòرʾҶƽѻҪ˼ҵʱүȴҶȻǻû׼
֮ҶЩͷǺֹ۰
նÿڶ̽үӣ̬ʮ㣬δͲΪ;ǰ㣬ֻүӺܸˣҲ˵ʲôനͶҶ˵ҿҪ⣬ȾǰնҴУҲүĿ
Ҷ֮Щ죬նڽвôǶôԹ
һζնïԴŵĴѹȽҲŻȥǱ߶̽·׼طչȥനش
ŶЩصˡҶһ£ïԴвΪ𣿻
ïԴ׵úܣүһˣȻǾ̣ҲûйΪһǿԱ֤ġനҶ˵ֻʡֳһҽԴŵҵͻȻ𣬾˵ն˽ҵïԴԴĳЩ˳ͻնͿʼѹïԴˡ
ȷ𣿡Ҷʵ
ȷനͷԴŵϰ壬ն޵ܣСûʲô£ȴǺڵһȺ֣ԴŵʽҲ·Ʋ⣬пܾնİס
ҶĶʡĸⷽȽо飬ȻܹͨһЩ˿ƶϳԴŵ飬ֵһϼƣ;¶ն⣬ͼïԴŸ̵
ֻһʱ֮Ҳ㲻ףնʧķΪʲôͻȻҪϼҵĲҵˣôүҲǹѧʦĶʦôھͰ￪ʼˣ
٣϶ΪǨҪڵĻᣬݺݵڽһѣ֮⣬벻бĽ͡Ҷ²
Ҷ֮ǰڽʡ˾ѻ¼նʧˮ׼ܵǣټ֮һЩ飬ҲҶùϵܲֲҶҵĴ˳µʡίһְҲòˣⷽնǨȷʵпתԣڽ̵ʵݵġ
ǵȴʱȴһʱ䴰ڣҲҪͨϵͨģǮƷҪ׼һն϶ġ
ʡ߶Ĺĸδʼôѡ̲һҴ˽ӪҵΪ̲ʲ׼ԵʱȽϽˣҲնΪʲôѡڽкïԴֵʵԭ
Ϊ׾ǰףھľӪȱ飬ïԴзչ˶꣬ÿֲⷽĲ֮նҪѸٽɫĻͱҪïԴ˽Ӫҵ֣ܺܿĿꡣ
Ҷ͸նĳ㣬ʱ˼ƽϡ
վѻ߶վڱѹնֵڶҪ飬նȥ
⽮ôģ˵Ϊеϰʲô飬ҪյĻնߵͷˡ
ܶģնԸҶ˵ҵïԴš
һ㣬նùӣ޷үĸ֮ĸҡ
ҶĥһӺ󣬾ͶԴന˵ͶѼһԴŵĲ֤ݣǱ߶Ҳһӣն©ҳһʵʱͶն֣ȡһӰҲ
һû¶𣿡നҶļƻһնسʡֱķ⽮ܸõ
ҶҪʲô㲻ģҶʵ


416 ͻȻ
ҶҪʲô㲻ģҶʵ
ҶĻ˵ȻƵനĶ棬ͲǿЦˡ
ȷҶ˵ҶҪնĻûܹסնһëҲ
ͷֻ̰˶ʮҲһʡѣʵʵȥš
ӸʮԱǵҪɶˣ٣ͬʱҲԴ̰ϰٰʮ鸾ҲǴ¶ֻҪû㣬Щ鶼Ǵ¶
ص⣬ȴ⣬ζʧĻŻᱻ̨ȥ
粻⣬̰⣬ɱҲ⣬ֻв쵼ʱ򣬲Ĵ⡣
նȻڽк˵һţƵúܣںܶ˵ǰҲֻΨΨŵŵķݶ
ҶȻֻǽеһССɲ̫㶯һնѡ
ֻǰʱҶҸն֮䲢ûҪֳĶɣϸ˵ƺնܹԼͬ飬ҶȻ֪ն࣬ȴҲöԸΪʦ
۸һʡǱҶʵĺð취ʡѧԺ൱صһɲҶҲԸȥ
ôȻҶѾն֮಻г
նҶҵһЩص飬ͼïԴŸڿŪ壬˸еǳˡ
ҶҸϼ֮ȷʵûʲô߶٣ǲô˵ϼҲҶѻңനҲҶ׵ˣûøıġ
նȻָʹ޵ܵĽԴţïԴŵǽǣͼ̲ïԴţΪȻǼ޳ܵģҶүնʦⷽն˾ٿνʦ档
ǲ֪ĻҲͰˣҶ飬ȻͲӡ
ն˵ı湦ʮ㣬ҪԸҿ͵ô޵ܵĹ˾ˡനҶ͸һ£ܲҵʲôȽзĶ
飬നǱȽаյģϾڲθ֪Ķܶ࣬ҪԸԴŵĻҲ㡣
ԱȽϽһԸ¶ǸϴനƽʱҲӴʡñץסѱ˵ǹ̹ʲôġ
¹ϼĴ£϶ǲԸġ
һε飬ҲеǳˬനôаգʾԼܹ˵һԷն޵ܵĽԴš
Ҷȴ˵ͷżܹѼһЩϣ˵Դȷʵ⣬Ϳˡ
ֻһĲϣ϶ԴŵģҪ˵նʡˡനʾҶ뷨̫ˣ鲻ôɾͰ쵽
ǺǡҶЦЦ治֣˽Դ˾ҲܰնʡôġʰնȻ֣ҽԴ˾ĲϣֻΪһΪľʵնѡ
ŶനӲץסص㡣
Ҷ˼гˣ֪ǶԸնսԼ߶ǿп޵ͷȻˣԼԸԴŵˣҲҶǱ߶һЩ룬˵жҪҪĻҪͷô
ܶʱ֤ʲôҪҪͷ쵼ǷԸЩ֤ݣǹٳϵҪ
Сܵനڷһп
Ȼ˵ϼҵӵܣҶͬһЩҲ֪ĸѧ˲ţᾭͶֶͬҶǿɾͲǲһˡ
иڴˣന˵ҲܲҶҵ˷ȷʵʮͷίԱҶƽʮĸɲҶ޷˵ʲôȨ֮л
ǾͷְֿɡҶʾ
Щƣնѵһ֮󣬾ͽӵ˼ѵĵ绰Ǿĵ˳
ն˼ǺȷˣȥһӣܿҶķͷȻ㡣
ؼ⣬ҪնλǷܹס
ΪҶıȽƵնҲûڻѾͶЭϯ£ͼҶҵıһȽϺõλá
ʡίǲôõģȫôʮλãҪѡ̫ˣҪ˵ĸɲţëҪżÿһûռȫλõĸɲǵѡĿꡣ
ϯµĵϵУҲмλԽʡλ÷ǳȤ
ն޵ܵĽԴҪҲȽ϶࣬޷ǾҪ֣ȡԼʵ
ͬʱһ㣬ҪΪӳ׼Щʽ
ҶʽĹǱȽϸģҪֳ͵һЩȽϿ׶İ취ն޵ҲǸа취ˣһ֮󣬾ʹһëֵǧӡ
ѾʿӸȥˣëȴ֪
Ƶȵȥ֮һëпܾ;ʧˣ˵֮һѻ֮ģ֮ķӺܶࡣ
ԴŵʱȽϸӣȻ˵˽ӪҵʽԴȴǴвģҲǻٳһȷһ⣬ʧľԲǽԴš
ûк֮ǣȥҲǼƵصֻҲеģǱ߶ǷܹӦϾ˵ĵ̶Ӣﶼ˵
ȥ˾ư֮Ѿ͸˵顣
¶ʲôõĵģһ̾ЦˣǱ߶ڵѧ󲿷ֶǴӹڹȥģȥ˿϶ܹҵؼҵĸо
𣿡еš
ȻˣôƭչӣǸ˵ȥʱҾȥһ˶ҲĵģǹͷȫǶˣһϻ϶ǻˣһΪԼعء
ҪĻҾͷˡѵ˵ͷ
ȾƣȾƣϻнĿءһ˾˵
ɫ껪µһ˵ܲأϸ缸ˡǸЦ
֮󣬵Ҳеġ
챻Ҷ˾֣ѵһаأᣬȻҪйһ
ŹҪ뿪߶Զȥˣ滹Щ᲻õģϾ߶ʡӣȥǱ߶ʲôأ
賿ʱնͻȻӵ˶ӵĵ绰
ôڴ绰أնһǶӵʱŭ
ΪʡĹҲæµò˯ˣȴӵĵ绰ˣҪٶߣȴôˡ
֡֡ڵ绰нͰ͵أһǻˡˡ
ʲôնˣʱ˯ȫ


417 նƺ
ʲôˣʲôطնϾһӾ˹ŵ绰ʼѯѵλá
ڽɫ껪һŮˡѵܻţе״εĸоҺú¡֡Ͽҡ
㲻Ҫţ̾˹ȥնһʱҲЩľȻ֪ô¶Ǵѵ̬ԲС¶߸Щϵ
ն̸Լ·绰Ȼָ޵ʹ绰һȥɫ껪˳ô¶
ɫ껪׷棬ȴǺ˵źüˣʱѵҲˣоѣֻѵţڽ棬һؿ泯ŴϵһŮӵ壬ȫš
飬ȷʵѸеޱߵĿ־塣
ȻʡӣһɵԼǰȷʵǵһΣʧأжʧȥˡ
ϵʱѸͬѿһ׷ĸɫ껪µŮӣһص֡
ŮǺ˾ƣһѻŪ˵ҩۣ˵ǴӸ۵Ǳ߶ŪĺöǶһԡ
ȻȶˣҲ֪ⶫòҪԺ벻ˣ˶ٵһЩŮø࣬ʵǱġ
ǵһⶫԷϾЩղס
Ůӵʱȷʵˣ˷ܵòˣ³Ѫûע⵽
Ů߸Ҳ֪˶֮ͣ˵һء
Ѱҹڿ֮󣬾ͷеԾһڴϵǸŮӣѪֹһЩǰɫҺ֮⣬ϵ¶ʧñ
û⣬Ǻȹˮ֮ͷ֣ŮӵѾɢˣһؿ컨壬ҲһЩȳй
ȥ̽һŮӵĺͷһҲûˡ
ˣһӣǰѸŵˡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ顣
󺰴Уڽͬеˡ
һŮҲˣǸŮӵ״ʱֱŵ˹ȥ
ô죿ô졭˶ܻ֣̿Ͼû顣
ؼ⣬ˣ
ѣϽִ绰϶а취
ԣŷӦǾ͸ն˵绰ȥ
Сʱն·ѵľ˾;͸ϵ˽ɫ껪
ʱ䣬ɫ껪ȻӪҵУֻΣýɫ껪˸еЩ죬֪ʲô顣
ȵն·Ϳ龰֮Ҳһ
һŮѾˣһʳ˹ҩ۵ŮӣƺҲܳ⣬ڴضȻ֮УҲ֪Ƿܹѹ
ôӣͿˣʱеǳͷۡ
û˵Ļһж˵Ͳͬˣ¶϶Ҫ䰸ģҲ飬ֻҪһ֪ô¶
ֲܲܣϾһʡӣ빫˽ܹ֡
ֻǣ̫ˣⲻ©ʱǺ鷳İӡ
ҪȻȴѻȥ߶취ն·Щ̾˽顣
ҲãѲʺҹҲ¶뵱ϣĻץס˰ѱʡӣҲΡ
նڷǳؼʱ򣬲ͶľնλӵЩˣҲ϶ŹԹֵĻᡣ
ѸҹߣõľֻҪ˲ڹڣʲô鶼նϣȻҲܹƽ¡
͵ҲǺܴģΪѵĻͰˣһбõļٻգԺ˳ؾϵȥĻƱҹȥ˷ɻһ
ȵڶնʱ·Ѿòˡ
һȺС̫ˣҩԳ⣬оֵͬ־ѾȥˣʬҲѾҹ𻯣Ǳ߶ɽɫ껪һЩ⳥¶ʲô⡣·ն㱨ʱԵЩƵ¶һҪԼҲûй͡
ն֮󣬵˵ͷ·¶ò
С°ҲмˣûпǹʡȦӣĹնһ·ѯʵ
ʵ·ҲСˣʮˣǵ꣬ΪʡնĴ飬ͬʱҲʡ칫ĸΣǸĴ
ʡŵһΪ֣޷ǾǱ⡢ƽΡ
òã쵼صģ˴µģȻǱˣȥһؼеĸг̧ˣпܾȥĳϣΪĳһʡ飬ҲûԸˡ
û쵼ûУôƽĿǱȽϴģɸĸҲܳԿ󷲶ܹ͵ȽϺõĵλȥְһЩܹλȥһ֡
˵ǲ°൱Ư쵼ʶҪε飬ǾͲͬˣпܻߪֱλϣȻŵҪȥһ֣Ĵͷǳѵˡ
·ն£ǱȽϵĴ飬һְ˴£նԼλòȵ£ųȥһ֣ʵҲǱȽϲѡ
˳깦֮⣬նҲԸһԼ˽µ飬ߣĻǸоЩŤġ
ʡİš·Դ˵ҲĦķֺ֪Լ뿪ʱˣǾûбʾΪʡ񣬶ǽȨն
ն˵ͷһº˵ڵмλãʡʹˣԹȥŽӰࡣȥϲˮегҲܱ֤ܹܿгһжҪʮĴٿ֮Σܾļλã˵ʵڵģͲÿˣλòõģҲǸˡ
ն˵Ҳʵ飬Ͼʡ·ϾĴ飬ȥûзôһʵȨλӦõģ˵ˮŵĸԵûʲô˼ˣǻԵնʡûʲô
ȥˮп𣿡·󣬾նʾ
úȻźˮҲȷʵܷʣȴҲԼĶ̰壬ֵķ˰ƣڸطĳȽϴԲҲͷۣԼȫûбҪȥ鷳̯ӡ
෴ǵˮеĻгְ˵λȨأίķȨأʡӡҶþ֡
Զԣȥˮвõѡ
һ룬ü˵ĸĸ٣ֵ¹ôĴĸɲһЩĸɲҲҪԼɫһȨ֣С


418 Ҫ֤ݣ
նѶȥˣҶڶõϢԵЩȻ
ԭΪնǴӦԼҪѶѸͳȥҲô죬ĻոҶ˽Э飬ͽͰ͵ذѸߣҪǴ˳ȥ˵նҶһССĸԶˣ
Ȼ˲еĻǵղ˽ɫ껪¼ˣɶģȻ֪ʲôԭʹʡԶ
ʵϣնԭĴ㣬Ҳûô뿪ݡ
ô֮󣬿϶ҶӣҶͿʼѼ鱨նǳԴʲôҩΪʲôôȵѳ
ʱҶյʡڲϢ˵ٿʡίίϣʡն·ˮгг᰸ͨ
նĴ·վҪǰˮиˡ
϶й¡ҶϢ֮󣬶ʱĥ
ӣռһʲô飬նôذѶӸϵһԼš
ǾʲôأҶһʱ֮Ҳ㲻
ԭҶҪȥֻҪȷһ㣬֪նѾѶȥ㹻ˡ
ԶˡҶܿ͸үӴ˸绰˵
ãүڵ绰ԵºܸߣͿ˳ˣ
նҶƽԸҲˣҶҸϼҵĹϵܽӲүĹѧʦѧԺҲкҪӰһȽѧߴʦնĴڣӰ쵽Ҷƽ
ԭҶҿ϶ϣն̨ģֻһֱûѣҶүҶ·δڴնֻû뵽Ҷھ󣬴նִӵˡ
ǽɫ껪飬Ҷͨʡˣ֤ݡ֤֤ʶ͵˾ίν֤ɽʱǽЩȥȻֱ˵նʲô飬һӲϵ޷жġ
ȻͬˣնӴҴȥһֽˡ
Ҷȫ˵ն֪أԲŶȨƣͳģĿľӱܷɵƲá
ôһĻնԼ벻˸ϵһӷ˵ķΣһλòȵʡ쵼ԣֱǸṩ˹ԼӵǷǳصġ
ص⣬ն޵͵ǸԴţҲкܶ⣬һҲҿն鷳ͲһˣЭϯΪгί֮һӵкܴĻȨ⽫նԼ£Ҳûа취Ϊѵġ
ҲΪֿǣҶûڵʱնʲôʵҪ󣬶ֻһЩ޹ؽҪģܹ֮Ϊ
еһУΪһ̣׵նһΣһݵؽ鷳
Ҷúˡ
̳ȥ顣Ҷָʾ
˪ȴЩ⣬֪ǰʱնȽǿƵʱҶû뿪ݣնѾҪù˵ʱҶȴʾҪ뿪ݣȥˣ˪е޷⡣
ԽԼռƵʱ򣬾ԽҪ͵һЩҶ˪˵һνеĶ϶ܴģõһʡɵӰ죬ɲõһسô򵥣ʱһǶԶһΪá
Ȼ˵նҶģҶԲǰһ㣬Ǹ߲ҲеĻֻܵҶҵĶ
Ϊһոսٳ˺ܺõĿ˵ĹԱҶϣһЩ˹עԼģǲЩϼһ֪ԼŪȨҲô
Ϊٳˣ֮ĿУǾԲܰѺ˵ıϣñ˿һҪ첻һ㣬ôٳоͲҲߵóԶ
оҪĻӢһ˪뵽˶Ҷĸо
Ҷ֮Ǻܿģνս޺պܹ֮ﵽˮ׼ģһ
ȻҶûгͽӵ˴നĵ绰˵ַµ
ҶòһȥïԴŵܲന
һΣനûдĵһȺҶֱӾȥ˰칫ң顣
ĻϢɫ껪ˣҸնĶйأനϲɫһ֮󣬾ͶҶ˵
Ŷô¶Ҷæľ
Ȼ˵ҶֵҲһЩ鱨Աǽ߶ֲĴӪҲû澭Ӫ߶ҵϢҪһЩٷһЩ鱨ȻҲܹϢںܶʱûôϢҲҪһЩ
നĴϰ壬߶ĵͷߣֵµֱȽϲӣϢԴҲ㷺ǰһ֪ⷽϢ
ҲǴˣõ˵ʱƵϡന˵óһ¼ݸҶ
ϣնĶԼѣȥɫ껪ŮӣܵʱЩҩۣùͷˣһŮӡനҶ͵鷢֮ѵľ˾ͺն·̾͸˹ȥƺ󡣾ȥ֮󣬼򵥵ؼ¼һ£ͰŮӵʬ߻ˣҲ͸ߣֱ˷ɻֱ
Ȼ·ѾƺˣôϢ©˳ҶЩʵ
Ϊն飬·ḻ黹βģҶ벻ͨĵط
˵¶ന͵ȥǸŮӣɫ껪ļҵһͬ磬Ǳ֪飬ǲҳͷҵ˹ȥ̽Ϣʱ˵ôһ̶͵͵ĴӣǧǮҵˡ
ҶˣŽ¼Ž˻棬ؿ
صЧǿԵģܹõϳ·͸;Ƶϰ彻ΣвǺ¼ֻЩӣҪܹ
ǲô˵ⶫȫܹʵնѰѵεΪ
ն治ãùˣôһҵĶӡҶ֮󣬲ɵҡҡͷ
һαӵףҲ֪үôͿˣനҲն޲Ȥ
ǰʱ򣬻ûоΣϼҲùնһԴնָʾ޵ͣͼ̲ïԴ֮നĸŤתһٰʮȣ˼ˡ
ֻ˵ĹҶ¼Щп˵һλ˵ϷҪʵģ˰ݴȷʵ԰ŴҷնĿ֮󣬾Իһġ
˵ҲˣֻϣүܹѧĿҲ˽һ׮ˡനȴǼ顣
ն̨ĻүҲôѻؼҵӣҲͲԶˣന棬ʱǵĶ
˾ܷģҪ֤ݣǰ¶͸ˡҶ˻еĴӣǳаյرʾ


419 ϯҲмɵ
֮ﰡͬ־ɾίĲ֮ҲЩյͷ
£߲쵼ҲǲԸȥһλ⽮ģǴҴɵĹʶ˵͸һЩƣ̲ϴˣʡ쵼ɲԹϴ򼶱ˣ˵ǲһ̷
ȷʵһԸ߲ڲһЩǱҲ޷ն
漰նļ涼ȽأͨҵȡʲıȨ˽ӪҵʲӶӵش·潻ȵȣЩŵһ𣬾Ե޷Įӡ
ǽͬ־Ҳòٿгί飬˴յһ顣
أʺܶӡŽͬ־ȱ
Ҳ̫ˣնԼҲкܴ⣬޷ӶӣȻͶӳӱܷƲã˸е𾪡ʾ
ҾӦһɲףΪһС£ͰһӴЭϯ˵
ҶүӺܲطʵͬ־˵˵һС£
⡭ϯʱˡ
ûҪնϣҪӰ쵽ڽеĲ֣Ǵնȷʵ̫ˣһô֤ݣν֤ɽǵģϯһ£͹ϵطն
ְɣͬ־Լ
˷׷׵ؾԼ֣ʾͬ
֮󣬽ͬ־ͺип˵⼸꣬ڵľȷʵ˺ܴķչǸɲðҲԽԽˣնӣ漰˾÷ͬʱΪŮķ⣬˵ǺдԵһӡ
ҶүҲʾмίͬ־նİΪܽһ£һʾƬҲ𵽳ǰѺβ˵á
ͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣
Ǿɡͬ־һ£˶ûʲôͽҲ
ɢ˻֮ϯصԼİ칫ңץ绰ҪնѶǿһ£ڻûаѺ벦ȥ
¼ûв͸ǽҪǸͨ籨ŵĻϢѱᴫ˵Ķ棬ʱɾͻԼɷǳӰġ
ζʱ䣬ͬ־أŽͬ־볣أԼгͻҲôˣҶүԳһͳͬ־Ŀһ㣬ͷۡ
ľ£겻òȿԼİȫ⣬ȻŻעЩҪͶԼӪʡԱǡ
ڿնԹʵ˲ɴá
ҲңԼûնյԼӪУĻ飬˵Ǳǲأζеǳܡ
ͷĸɲǣ¶ôһ˼ɶûأ뵽飬ҲɵҡҡͷΪնֵ
ն䲢󣬻ʮ꣬ѾʡԱȻûʡίǵλϣⲢԺҲûлᣬٹŵʡίǣҲʮѣٸʡίǣ֣ʮ꣬Ǻϣġ
ڣնǳװԼǰ̸ٵˣνԾĹ
¶Ǻܳʱ䣬ܿͿʼһĶʼն֮Ľʡѡ⡣
ȻŵĵطҲڸʡ֮λΣҪصȡһأǽеľ÷չܿ죬ֵӡ
ϯ룬뵽һֱҵְĸʯͬ־ʮ£ḻҲл㹤飬ȥ˽ʡӦбȽϴΪ
ؼһ㣬ʯ治ͬ꽻ã˵ҲףǸ̤ʵµĸɲҲʯ治նΪ֮Լ
ʵϣһʡɲԣʡʡίǵһΣҲרҪһΣɵúãԺпϸߵ쵼λ˵֣볣ʶ
ûһ쵼ɲһ͵ģ鲻ܷ
˵绰ͨʯĺ롣
ͬ־ꡣ
ϯãʯ档
ͬ־һ˶ɣЩҪ˵һ˵
õģϯϾ͵
µ绰֮ҪһЩȽͬ־Уնˣʵ̫׶ˣҲ֪ʱô쵽ʡλϵģ
ʵնǺһЩģҲʡԱֻ;⣬ཾ֮ټռȻûˣҶյУĲƽҲһЩ
ǻҶƽĻʡίǵλϣҲʲôֵýģڳίԱҶүӵǰȻҪŬ
ûãҵʯͬ־͵ˡ
˼֮󣬾ת⡣
ͬ־ҼǵѾ˰ɣѯʵ
ǵģϯǰѾˡʯ治ΪʲôᵽҲǺǿģƺЩᣬǱЦʵϯǲ׼Яһ£
ЦЦָʯ˵һﵹͦģȷʵôһᣬɲɻ˵
ŶʯȤ
ҵȻҲǴ󲿣ʵελҪһЩĸҲûʲôζʱһлţʯ浱ȻǷǳĵġ
ʡնЩ⣬Ҫˣ֪ˡ㲦һ£ȴûаѻ˵ø͸һЩ
ЩλõĴԱǣ˵ֻҪͷˣʣµĻȫûбҪٶ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ȼʯ֮Ϳʼɿת
طʵ˵治ģǰȻϲɽЩնչܲãѾˣͨѾˣδķչڡ
ʯҵȻɽһͨ˹·֮ɽĺܶ౦˳ôҵĺҲˣڽʡδķչǺĵģλã̯ӣһһܹĺõط
һĥ¶Ϳʼ̬ˣеĵӻǲģֻ⼸귢չĲ̫նͬ־Ͼᣬɽʶ㣬ûеľⷢչˣʡڷɣǰ
ʯҲǻˣֻ˵նᣬȴûʩ룬Ϊ֪ն֮䣬ҲйһĽӴģҪϵشһ¡
˾ҵչ̸˼䣬Ͷʯ˵һƼνʡⲻ󣬲ȥ˽еĻһһҪ⡣
˭ʡίĽ𣿡ʯЩʵӡУĽѾҪȥˣƺҲûʲôҪӵġ
ʥĹίΣҶش
ǲҶҵ𣿡ʯЩ˵ţгί꣬ɵôһˣ


420 
֪նΪʲôôù𣿡Ȼʵ
ʯһ㶣Ȼûϵ⣬ĴԶе崻ˡ
նȷʵһˣܹʮ䣬ڽʡλ˺ü꣬ҷǳǿƣڽʡ棬ֻ֪նȴ֪ʡίĽף˵նڽа赽˺ֵز
ֻһλ긻ǿǿޱȵʡԱͻȻ֮Ҫʯ϶ҲǶԴЩɻģȴеԭ
Ȼʯ浱ȻԴ˷ǳģϾԼҲпȥʡΣô˽һԼǰôģҲǺҪһ顣
꿴ʯ˵ն飬˵󲻴˵СҲСʵ潲Ҳʲô˲õ⡣
ʯ˵ͷ֪˵û
ֲ㼶֮󣬵еȷʵ޷赲ǰĽŲߴ·ߣǲµ顣
ն飬ȻȲûдϢô˵ǳͻȻˣ飬һԾΪĳλе棬ԲŻᱻ
зʮĺĻնܹͦסġ
⣬ǸҶҵҶƽЩԹʯ˵
ʯ˾еʵϯҶƽͬ־һ֪һЩģıȽϿȵģΪһԹҪնذɣ
ҶƽְʱȽϳΪϵʯҲйνӴ˶ǱȽˮ׼ĸɲǱȽ̸ģ֮ǰҲûʲôͻʯΪҶƽΪ˲
˵ҶƽΪ˽ԹԸն⻰ʯǲôŵġ
˵ûҶƽʵܲģΪҲ񡣡ϣ굹ûбҪ˵Υ֮ԣܿ͹۵۵նͲˣȻΪҶҵҶûס˼ҵİѱȴ鷳
ŶˣҶΪҶͷˣʯ˵ͷȻ
ֲնᱻ£ԭҶƽȴҪ˼Ҷӳ˼Ҫʰ˵ȥ۸Ҷȷʵе˵ȥѹҶһᶯŭ
Ҳô˵ҡͷʵǣն۸ҶɣҶƣס˰ѱ͵˾ίȻݸ֡
նҶˣʯˣǴһ
ȫû뵽Ȼӵġ
˵նһԩú˵ҶǺǵģʵʥķչͷǳãҶȷʵǸˣնʹӣȫûһΪʡĴֹۣҲ˳Ӧĵ顣
Ŷˡʯ˵ͷȴҶ˺ܴȤ
Ȼ˵һ߶ϵĸɲǸҶƽ֮䲢ûгͻ֮ǰĽӴȽãԶҶҲûʲôУĻ;Լȥ˽еĻһҪȥĵطȾʥλʮĹίΣһʲô
Ҷƽ֮Ľ飬ҶҲʲôѿ
Ҳ˵ʯõϢϽȥȥˣҶү߶Ҳڸүһε飬ܹҶҴĺô
նȻǺ¶ʡλãǹǵǲˡҶү˵
ô᣿նҶģλҲӦǵġү̾ͱʾ˲ͬ
һε飬ȫҶһֲģе֤ҲҶҵУԶүΪʡ֮λҲӦҶղź
㲻ô롣Ҷүҡҡͷ
Ϊʲôүӷʵ
նµģ棬˶֪նҶҲҶҵʤҶүӽ͵ڽʡѡ׷Ļҵķӣ˵˭ĳλϵĴԱôӦǲ׵ġ
үˣȴҲôҶǬ˵ûȷʵô㣬֢ǱȽصģӰ쵽ֵ
Ҷүӵ뷨ǴӴֳģҲϴҵ档
ֻǾôȴҲвʰү̾˿
ȻҲ˭ҪõλӣҪһЩòģֻ˶ΰˡҶүЦеʱ򣬳һΪȴǵõʵݡǱǵģڲǼһͷѡ
˭̨үӽ˴ҶǬ֮󣬾Щʵ
˲Žͬ־ǳ϶ͣˣƱػڽͬ־֮չҶүӷ
ô˭ʤһЩүʵ
ƻʤ󣬱Ͼͬ־ĺ󱸸ɲޣһʱ֮ҵʵѡͲһˡҶүӷҽͬ־ΪʮĴ˳ٿҲ͸ˣϾ֮ǰҲĵ̶ӹƻǻģȻˣĽչҲһЩȷأδؾԸ
ŶүӵͷŵͦģҶǬ޷׼ȷ¶ۣĶ࣬ǻһЩ۵ġ
˵ȥ˽УܱǵȥкһЩҶү˵СڽڣǵȥˣǲʩչȭˣҿȥҲãҶչӵһ㡣
˵ǡһӣүóϷˡ
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Ǻǣ˵СĴֹۻǺǿġүԼֶӣϾͳ˵⣬еһԶˣڸһء͵ѾͷһҲ֪¶Ҫô
Ȼ˵үҲ˪ҶܹӦôŮӣеģǵһŪãǵóСǱ߶ˣʱҶҵͲðˡ
ǺǣʱƣǺõġҶүҲЦһȥ飬ɲרΪô򵥡
ѵ˵бĿģүӸеЩֵʵ
Ȼˣȥ飬ҲΪҶҵһ㡣Ҷү˵ֽҲˣ˳ΪʡίǣҶҶԣҲһֺܴʤ
٣СӶɵ֯ˡүӸп
үҲ֪һնĶ磬ҪͨİգǺܴġ
ʡøǣҶһʡܲǺֵܹҪɣʡѡ˳µġ


421 
ҶүӸүʱҶѾ˪ص顣
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ǰѾһŶ⣬Ȼˣһͷʹ̯ӷҶƽڿ֮󣬵һ仰
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ԸǰڹͨǷǳҪģƹ˶ãȥһ˶ǣչ֣̽νʡѡ
ȻίԱϣڴ͵ģһƱҲǱȽҪģһûδؾܹãһ仵Чȷʵǳԡ
Ҷƽһ˺һ˾۲ͣҲǴҸҶ˪ӷ硣
Ƶòͣרһ䣬׷֣Աò͡
͵ҲˣȻҲλȨأԶҲûбҪʦڣҶƽͲͬˣΪ쵼еİȫ֮أϣʦڣǸеľȻ١
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ġҶЦŴ˾ƿָλϾƣȻ˵Ĺ࣬˵ǧգñǧգƽʱӦöǵ
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422 ҲзӦ
ܿؾƵ귽˺ܶҵϡ
̱ӳ£ҲһЩΧֻͻȻͣ磬˸еһʱ֮޷Ӧ
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ôҲͣ磿¶ȷʵҶеЩԾ
˵ΰ׶ͣ磬ǳοǵĻôвͣ磬ǴӾ÷ǵġ
ҶӡУмٻͣ
һˣ˾ùȵͷӭϵĸҵܶ࣬صõȱڶܴԾҲòƬƹ磬ΪӦľ档һ߶ͽ͵
ŶӰҶ˵ͷȻ
ٻһЩ˽ģһȱĸԭڣ滮ִвף׼µԴΪ綫ͺͱͨظѹ·չõ縺ɼеĶȴûʲô½ĻĿȻ˵ԴͶʱȴЧӦԾ͵˵ȱ
ҶҲЩṹԽģδŻһӾ磬ִܳġ
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ףҶƽ֮󣬵ǰһҶҲǲܿǵġ
һμȻҶҿڽʡѡϻһЩôôݼҲǺȻģôԼҲίԱһƱȨеġ
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糧Ҷƽ֮Ȼеģе⣬߶ûеú糧ĻҪʡúɱҲܸߣֱ㣬˽糧ڻȾҲҪǵġңϿǱ߶Ҳ׼ˣ󹤳̣ĵаյġ
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ΪʲôˮĿȾѽ˪ˣҲеЩ档
ˮĿҲƻһ̬ƽ⣬ε̬ͰȫɼвҶʾ㲻һ룬ڳôһˮըͷһӳ⣬ǧ겻겻Ĵˮǵصϯĺ
⡭˪֮̾ԶһǳֲĻ档
ˮǵصӿϷΪһƬ
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Ȼô򵥣ҵ˼ǷչۺԴҶҶԼ뷨˵Ǽ˷̫ܡϫܡΪһۺϷ糧
ҶƽҶ˼ͱʾ뷨Ȼã⼸ĿûһײģĿǰ˵ûн뵽ʵԵĲ棬Ҿ㻹һ쿪ˡ
ĻǻʯʱءҶûرʾòܵ飬ڿѧҵδؾǲܵ飬Ҹ˵ĻʵϾͱʾѾ̵ͨĿǣʵЩĿļɣʥõ㹻֤ˣͬʱһЩĵ
ҲҪܹõУһزùҶƽʾ
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ǿԴӳ飬硢̫ܷͳϫ磬ЩҶܹҲΪܹǺ˵ⶫҲ㣿ҶƽԼɻȻǲҶһġ
зȻûУûУԺҲûУңҿԸ㵽ֳɵķӦѰҶʱЦ
ҶƽˣʱеЩԾ
˵վⶫƺѶȻǺܴģȻ˵͸㶨˺Ǳͧں˵վⷽ棬ڸ˺裬зȻҲڸ㣬չȴǳķӦҪǹ򷨹˵ļ
˵˵ķӦѼҲõģ͹Ŀ϶һļ¶һֱ˸еȽϾᡣ
еڣڵ˱Ƚϳ⣬ڷܳĶҲΪúõòˣ˴Ǯȥ˲дƷԵһ˽ĺ˵վǺܺãҲǵ¸߲ں˵ĿðһҪԭ
Ļ߳ϵĵӦԴں˵磬ѵ˵˵Ĳȡ
ܸ㵽ֳɵķӦѣҶƽʵܸ㵽Ҳ˲
˭˵˲ˣѾ˻ˣҶЩԵõػش
ʲôˣ׾ˡ


423 е
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Ҷƽ˽˵վӦϵͶж޷Ҷ˵Ѿ㵽ֳɵķӦʲôġ
ֳɵķӦѣǵö󰡣ôɵؾ˻
ҲǸҺǱͧмҲˣеķӦѵǿֱСͷ糧ҲܺʣķӦͬʱĻǶʮǧߵĵˣӦʥĵǺġҶ˵ԼĴ㣬ټϷ硢ϫԼ̫ܵô⼸ԴЭʹãܹиĵȥ
Ҷ뷨ӴģĿɿڴ
֮Ҷƽ˵㵹Ǹ밡
еʵƺҲЩ⣬ȺǱͧӦȼϰʹõġ
ʵǱͧķӦѻ϶ǼɶȱȽϸߵģ黯豸
б˵B-36HըΪX-6ӶըֱΪNB36HԭӷӦӦ15900ǧˣ19559¿ʼ顣
װһ̨ͨõP-1ͺ˷Ӧѣ̨ܽͨõJ47תƻҪʵʻ׶ʱڷֻԼͷϷŸ˵ȫûбϣҲû㹻ռװãԱһͻɺй©Լƻȡ
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ؼ֮ڣȻȼϵ󣬵Ǻ˶װõܴĿǰĻ𳵡ɻ޷º˷Ӧѡ
˶װõԭǣȼϷȴˮسȼϵͳʮӴ󣬴Լ¥ߡ100ƽףֻкĸѲ󽢡ǱͧĴֻſװ¡
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Ȼ𳵺ͷɻÿȴϧĿǰĿȴأӦѱСͻҲûеõԵĽ
ôһ˷ӦѵĿֲԾͱȽϲˡ
ҶǱͧϵķӦ磬ǿȡģһСʱǶʮȵ磬ʥķչȷʵˡ
ңҲһЩΪ⼸ҺǱͧҲѺϽǣʴǿڷ⴦Ҳǳãûʲôѹ£ŸٰʮҲʲô⡣
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ǱͧʵҲûʲôģʱĻҴȥǡҶԴ˵ǺܵȻˣϾǱͧĸЩǱȽϤġ
Ǳͧʹúȼϰģ˵վһһ30%ȵ˰Ǳͧȥһ㶼Ҫһң󲿷ʱˮºлͣգǱͧԷҹúɫĵƹҹǱͧӱҲ24СʱһȦģٱÿ12Сʱһֵֵ࣬ĿϢ֡Ҷ˪һºǱͧ
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Ǳͧϣǲʹúģ⿶ʹõȣÿ䡣ǱͧҲ⣬һĹͷȻһ߲ȣ廹Ҫʲôͧʱˡ
ʱȽϳʱ˹ͷʳƷ
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նڹͬҲͬײһͷΪ˱֤ȫ䱸յϵͳǷǳģֻǱַǳȣͧҲǺܴģͧʹѭãѾԺˣӦѲ˳ǹվڵģͧĹԱ˭Ҳܳ롣
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ҪǶôĻҰȫɾҪܵǳصӰˡ
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極һ³ӣгķͶĿVCDͶʵһܽĳӣոս԰չĸ¿ƼҵЩ϶ҪĵϣܹչģҶòƫŵĿԡ
ôܵñ֤ԼϽڵҵչõУĻʥķչִӺ֤
ҪǵֻһʥȻԱĲãҪǵľˣүүҪǵģȴҡҶƽЩпضҶ˵úŬɣδսкܶҪԵġ
Ҷˣǵ˵ͷһ㣬ԼڵλòͬķҲһȵԼӸλ֮󣬹Ҳôˣܶ鶼ǣһȫôġ
ôһҪԷġҶȻ˵һ
ӵķˣʱŶ˼Ӷѣֵͣİ


424 ȦҲӦó
Ƶķˣζǲġ
ȽҶ߶ķ˿ζȻǺܺθڣǳʦǵȴģһܲܵûŽأȷʵһСܹȽϡ
Ҷƽ̸۹Ҵµʱ˪͹ȥ˵ӣȻʼĿ
ʵӹڵĵӽĿǺܶ࣬߶ܹյƵܶ࣬Ǹ۰ĺһЩ̨ҲܹյڵĵӽĿҲ١
һ򿪣洫Ϥ
Ϧʰоơ
ȻƵĸлҥ
׸ܻŶѻ̸ͣ˪˵
Ҳ1992꣬׿ԣءĴߣ˴ع˾ï£ʼ˴½ġְװһھǩ񡢾ɽ¾Ͱ
Ҳ˳˵һŸרҵ1997Ϊڵ̳ľרҵ1997Ϊ1992½мֵһи
Ҳͬһ꣬ӨݳӾ硶áҲ˵ȵ
˵ƵġлҥڵִһһˣѸٳΪڵиҲǻĺܡ
һ׸֮һа񣬿˵ǽȵĽһ顣
Ҷһ߶Ҷƽ죬һ߶ЩϤϸһַǳصĸо
Ϊڵڴƽĸ￪ŵԵʣԭҲ˺ܴķչֶ̨ڵصϮҲﵽһֵǷ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ֻڽ֮УƳڶø裬˵ѧѡġ˼СҶٻĵġһءǵġ㰮꡷Ƶġ˵ŮˡƻƣڵġաɻΡԼѧѵġҪ졷Ҳǳܻӭ
н棬ҶҲע⵽ϴҶĻֹ˾Ҳǰʮ׸ȻռףǷǳ׵ĳɼˡ
ֹ˾ǲСĹ˾𣿡ҶƽҲע⵽һ㣬ɵòһ
ŶҵʼգгʼǿⷽúõĻؾӪʵ׬Ǯ١Ҷͷʾ
Сֹ˾һ׬ǮҶƽЩʵ
Ȼ˵еĴȨǶֶҶĹ˾ӪȴǺ˽⣬ʱҶ˵ֹ˾׬ǮҲɵҪһ䣬жô׬Ǯ
Ǹ˾һϵĴеġҶʾҲǺܹעĹ˾ԾҲˣ⼸ҵչǳѸͣƣǿʲô¶
ôడҶƽ֮Ҳеզࡣ
ϴҶӽĶҶҲҶҵĳֻҶϲԱȽӣϲŮǶ棬黨ǲʲôģԴҶ÷ǳƣҶͻȻͦеҶӽ治֪ôҶүӽ¶
ҶûȦ÷ˮһһֹ˾˴ϱ˵벻ǵ֪ҵжô㷺ˡ
ʱҶôһ˵Ҷƽ֪ԭҶҲǴϹڣǱżǮɻŮȥģֲԸ⵱ٰ
˵ˣҶҵԴȦţҶֹ˾Ҳܷչô˳һศɵ顣
ҲˣڵĹ湫˾CIҵҵˣһ꼸еģҲ÷ѶԽҶھ˵
¶ɣҶƽʵ
٣Ҿһ£ؼǴĹ湫˾ҲҪҵ񡣡ҶЦЦ
Ȼ˵Ҷƽ飬Ǹ֮ĽǱȽеģʱػе绰Ҳ֪ҶĶҶһʲôCIҵƣУڶĿͶ˳ɵĽ迪С
ֻҶƽȻ֮һ֮ھͿ׬ڣ
Ҫ֪ôƻôӾܹġҶƽ˵
ôСҶֵ˵ˣCIҵǴ迪ܹһĻǶûʲôֻкôչ⡣
˵ҶCIҵֵĻô½迪еҵʱ򣬾ѾȽϳˣ˵ʱһЩ
ΪҶҸϳұЩϵټCIҵⶫȷʵǴֻҶĹ湫˾ҵ񣬲бȽϳֵķԳҲܲӦǡ
ŵϵĸתҵĻתⷽ档
ʵ90ڿʼŹھõķٷչ½ԭҲ֮һʱڿ˵ǹԭֵĹʱڡ
ھõķչĻʼڵأʼӰڹͳģʽ
һЩĸֿʼѰҲֱͬʽʼԴµģԼģɫ֡
ڲϵĳԺʹ£˾ʵ90֡
ǰ̨ıʽʮֵһǸԼ̨ϳ裬90Źֵķչʼµıʽ˵ʼ߳ȵȣʼִֵѿʼԭĸ質ǡʵżɵĹɣԭĵһݳʼִֹɡ
ҲپڸŮȵһУǸܹøԼĸ˼
½ԭӿ֣Ԫأʽ϶кܴĴ¡
ѿʱڵ80и90ִεڶʵȫĸ»
ҡֵ˸Ĵּ̨Ҫ¼𲽵ġ
Ŀǰڵ衢ҡ㶦֮Ѿγɡ̳Ĵһʽģĺʽ˸ֲͬ͵ĸ
ı֮£̳Ҳĸǣ1990̷ӽĵ̳Źٵȫ˳һȺ𣬴90̳ʱ1991żȳ£ýΪĴѧѣ»ˣΪ̳ż
˵иһַĻ߶ǲǿԳҶƽȻͻ
ֽʹóֶĻЧܺãһȺĿ߻вͬЧ
Ȼû⣬̾ϵ磬׼Ϸͬ־飬սҲҪжҶ̾ͱʾͬ
ʵϣҶҶӰǱȽϴģҲ֮ϣڵطչĸ̨ǣ൱ش󣬴ʱΪҶƽƣȻǿԳֵⷽԴ
ֻҶƽ󷽱ֱӳٰ죬ҶҲò֣ôõĴ˾ȦӵкܴӰҶˡ


425 Ҷٵľ¶
ҶӵҶĵ绰ҹ˶˴յķɻƱ
ڶһ磬Ҷͼ˴Ҷ
ôô죿ҶЩȵرʾ
ǵ飬ϵôУҶȻرʾ
ҶһμܹΪ˰ҶȦ飬ͬʱҲһЩ⣬ҪҶıһġ
ʲô飿ҶЩʵ
ڰѵǸŮǣͻȻˡҶͷ
Ҷˣһڲˮʱ˳ЩؿҶȻûԤϵĽ
ʲô飿ҶˣʱЩرʾ
Ҷ飬Ӧ˵Ǹ˽֪һҲԼѩҶ֮⣬ֻҶҽ֪飬ҶҽܾҽԺĴ򣬵¸أȻй¶ȥ
ԣ֪Ҷвģûˡ
ҶŮͻȻˣȻЩѰζġ
ֻҶǸŮǱȽԣͻȻ֮ȻŭȴҲûб¶ֻû뵽Ҫδѡ
ʱҶæҶҲûʹӾǷ˹Ҷ취
Ҷһľ飬Ҷ֮ȴֻһ߶ЦҶһ٣˵Цв¶ء
ʵϴҲþᣬ⺢δؾͲġҶЦ˵
ôܣҶҡͷô궼ûжź˼ξˣô붼
ҲԼûţҽԺ쵥˵Եľӻ֢״ԹӤҲûʲôôģȻһŮܹ˵Ĺ⣬⵱ȻҶеǳջˡ
ֻʵҶҲ޷ȷǶԷƭԼԲҶʼơ
ҶҵȻڶ࣬¶Ա޷ݣе˵УҲֻҶܰ취ˡ
˵ġҶʾǰûУԺҲûСֻǾӻ£֢Իпкӵġ
ôһ˵ƺҲЩӦô죿Ҷʵ
ŰѺ£ʱȻǲˡҶνرʾ
ôԣҶʾ˷ԣȦ˶֪ҵŮˣǽ¸Ǳ˵ֶҵ飿
Ҿû취ˣӻڶ棬ܲڰŪѪװɣҶһ̯
򵥣ҲʼˡҶЩյվȥţһа취ǣ
飬ǲԸ֡Ҷҡҡͷе޿κεĸо
飬޴ֻ֣漰Ҷ˽Ȼ˵ֵܸãҶҶæôоЩֵֹġ
ҶҲеģһŮǸ͵͵˺ӣȴܹڿҶĻ黹Щ鷳ġ
˵˸ӣôĸ׵ĿҪһЩòδؾ͸Ҷǳƣڲǹڻǹ⣬DNAǺܵλĿǼģδؾܹ׼
ŮĻҲδؾͲҶǶԷĻǵҪҶŴôһҶˣһҲпܵġ
ȻЩĵһЩ沢ϡ¶ΪҲƲȨϹ֮еŮֶþͨȥˡ
ȦŮǣ̫ˣҶҲָΪҶ񣬶ŮӣҶ沢
ֻҶΪ¶գȵĴɱԼĺӣŮ˵ĸ飬ֵĽӲԼģƿŻ˾ᣬҲֻҶܹˡ
ôҲоֵٽֳָĹϵãѵûʲô취ˣҶǰеϣѹҶˡ
Ҷ飬ǾסҶĲĥֻ˵ҾԿɣҲ޷ȷֻǴһЩ˿ʼˡ
ðֵܣؼʱϵ㿿סҶ֮󣬼ĺܡ
ҶͷЩƵؿҶ˵أҪ䵱˽̽ˣ鷳¶
Ůľʲôˣȸҽһ£Ȼҿһ£ô顣ҶȻ飬ȻҪҶʸˡ
ʵȽģһ˵֪һҶҶ˵Ĺһ幬ϷǸƬβģ˳ͦζҲȽںҪȻҲῴ
һںָѧģǶģҶʵ
йϵ𣿡ҶҶǲԼ
Ȼйϵˣڷ飬ȻҪѶԷܵؽܽᣬȻпܵóһ׼ȷĽۡҶһػش
涼ͦںġҶ˵
Ŷˣ˵ľܰɣҶʵ
ûҶͷϵ
ֲôˡҶҶΪʲôôˡ
˵һŮҲˣƫƫܰһŮǣŮҲŵڳΪ׷ԼӰԱ룬ʮͱԺУѧϰݣһϷ浣Ůţ֮ڹڽ
ֻǲ֪ʲôʱܰҶҶˡ
ֲһֱûпܰʲôϢԭǱϴݲؽˡҶЦ˵
ӡУƺܰȽϰϧëģź٣ֻǲ֪Ҷ֮䵽ôʶģ֮ǰ֮ҶҲ޷ʹⷽȷܰǷĻҶĺӡ
ٺ٣һǰͱҸˡҶٺһЦԭһ£ȴû뵽ȻԭװģԹϵһֱôţʱ˲ŷʵͦģֻû뵽ǰȻܹҽ˵ǻҵĹ⡣
ŶҶ˵ͷ
ʱҶٵ϶ǷǳӵģֻԼȥҽԺöΣûн⣬ҽҲ̹ʵض˵кӵĿ΢΢ˣ΢΢˼Ͼ͵ͬ㡣
ҶƵʱܰͻȻܹĹ⣬ҶԿʱסûֱӰȥѾҶٵĺ˳Ľ
Ǻ侲Ҷٵеԥˡ
һĽӡܰƺˮŮˣҶٿɲһˣĹү֮һȦĵλܼܰƭĻʲôôأ
ܰûлУҶҲʹüٻƭҶ٣ҪеķȴǺܴġ
ΪˣҶ뵽ҪҶԼ⣬ΪҶٵ۾棬ϵܿܵ˰
Ǿȳʱ䣬һλǰɡҶ󣬾ͶҶ˵


426 ȡ
δ󲮽Ĺ˾ԣӦðɣҶʵ
ҶӽβıܳΪھоصľʵʱ˸עΪıܳӵҶȻҲ˴ҰͽصôҶĹ˾ȻҲ
˾ҵϣֻҰֹܵҺܽŪҶھǻˡҶ¶ʱҶ
ΪʲôأҶʵ
ҵ͵һЩҶԹʵĶϾ˾أڽ˾ǣıܳͦģܹߴͳȫǸίôţҲûӰ
ҲδءҶЦҡҡͷȻ˵֮ܲϻоίһ˻ܲͷȥǾί׳ҲδؾʹöһжүίӦúڲŶԡ
ҵûиоǸоžԽԽˣ˵ҰҵתƵôҶͻ
𡭡ҶֵĻˣҰҪͷˡ
ҶƽֶӴĵܵչҵ
⻰˵Ҳûʲôз磬û׼ʲôǷҶҲԸҶҵĸŵ
ʵھǾͦõġҶʾϵͳĹʽҲʼתˣûע⵽ҵɰֻҪǷĶɰˣھǴչĺûᣬûбҪܵ᱾ĩ
Ľ֮󣬹ڵҵڿʼˡ
飬ӽԭֵĻ𱬣ͿԿһЩͷ
Щ飬ԽԽˣڹεԽԽˣ׷ǵԽԽˣʱҿ˶Ǻɵ˰ڲȫûԼ˼롣ҶȻпҲϵͳΪʲôҲЩЩ˶ʲôˣ
ҪġҶЦЦǰ˵ҪжֻҪĦгǡ̼֡еķΡԼʶˡ˼ֲǷָķġǶйҡ䱧һɺߵΪ뷨ʹҲͬľǹС
⻰˭˵ģƺڵе񰡣ȷǰ֮ǰ˵ĻҶĥһӣ;⻰˵ʵǹ̡
ϣ˵ġҶش
١Ҷˣʱһ˵϶ǲѧʶŵĶܹѵõĺܡ
кܶ飬ʵΪ߲ǿģ˱ɶĸԴǱԲиһЩǳ׷ǺѰνҼֵ֮⣬ȥΣܹȷԼİȫҲԹҹΣ˵ĳЩɵĲӰ죬ȣǿԺԲƵġ
ʵҵǷǳõϴԹߣֻҪס򣬲߲Ťܹڲ֮أ˵ôչʵҲܼ򵥣ȫԴӹһЩɹģʽڹڸ㷭棬׬ġҶҶ˵ԣʮǰеĶʮհһܹóɹ
ڹڳʮǰ䷹ҶˣȴЩɣѵ˼˵ʹҵ棬Ҳʮꣿ
ǱȻģʮǰ˾͵ˣ̫նû߳ȥ˵ж󣿡Ҷʵ
˵ĵҲҶͷҶ˵ĻȻ˰ȴʵ顣
ûϲ㽨ͨʶˣľûҪȹǿ̫ˣ˵ȻҲȹڸӷḻҲ޷ϵ顣Ҷ˵ԣҵں֮Ҳһϳʱ˵Ǻ¶ˣΪֻҪʮǰĶհܹ֤Լĳɹ
Ҷͷĥ¶֮󣬾;ҶúеعԼǰĺܶɹ˼˵·ߣֻΪ˼ģԴĶҲᱻҾùʱǺܻӭ
Ȼ˵ҶֻҶижȴû뵽ҶȷʵһζϮʱ
˵ġŮ㡱ͺжһѡĿԼһѡĿ϶ԭģʽġ
Ǹģ¡Ŀ֪ʵġȫģɽկ档
ȫģŮ룬ǻᣬӮȫģĹھܵõElite Model ManagementǩĺԼCovergirlǩ10ԪĴԺԼԼSeventeen־棬ҳؼ
ģ¡ǡǡǰĿԭⲻİᵽ˹ڣֻǻԼѣǴӿʼѡ㣬м̨һֱͶƱձƵİѡȫģҸƵˮƽȷʵ˲ҹά
ҶǵһӽĿ꼶𡷣ĿҲ˼ֻ11Сѧ꼶Լ꼶αе⣬ܻ100ԪĽ
ĿĿڣ߷ĿԼô򵥡
ڽĿֳ꼶СѧΪṩĿҲͬʱ֡ڿЩΪǵĳˡ
ĿĲ֣Īʧ߲òžͷϣҵȷûһ꼶Сѧ
Ҷٷ֮ٵؿԿ϶Щõƣ϶ܹȫʤȻ粢ûзչڻȺڲӰ죬ͨʽֳѡΣҲǿԴﵽͬЧ
˵ˣͷһĿоףҪר˵¼¼ĹҲķۣȽ鷳
ڻúĿ٣ֽĿ˾ṩĿѯ˾ҲΪ㣬ûЩΪ̨ṩϢܶǲ˽ⲻġҶҶ˵ĵӴ1930Ϳʼ𲽣ڵĵý鷢չʱ䲻޷ﵽȫµĳ̶ȣڵĽĿ׶԰СѧͶζ׶ΡСѧȾСѧѧѧģ¡̣ѧδ¡ںܳһζʱ棬ڿ϶Ǿģ˼˵ַʽˡ
ôһ˵ҺȻһֳ嶯ҪԴȥѧϰһӣ˵ܲлĿأҶú˷ܡ
Ȼ˵ѾǹȦĳһָĺ̨ϰ壬Ҷ϶ǲϣֹģĿӺһЩҪȦĽԾͲ״ˡ
һ˼άײʱҪȡ˵Ҫ׵ö࣬ҪǵӹֶιӲǿƤԾܹǿҶҶ˵
˵ĺѧ𣿡Ҷʵ
־񡣡Ҷش


427 ʯʡӲʥ
91գʡնٽ
92գͨƣʡնڽԭ򣬽ʡʱʡίĽ׼ܡ
95գƣն鲻ֹۡ
98գԭҵʯͬ־նͬ־µĽʡίǡʡ
99գʡίǡʡʡʯͬ־ǰ³õʥӲ칤
ʲôʡҪʥӲ죿Ҷӵ绰ʱ˻дš
绰ģȻʥίǡί᳣л
ȻǵίǣѾǳ͵ˣҶһ棬һʡնΪҲԹԣʱնһȥûһǲٽնĸˡ
Ĵ󲿷ʵ϶лڽдģҶȻһ֣û¶Ʈţʥŵʱǳ١
ҶҲһ鶼ܣٵڣ˼פʥ¿Ƽ԰ΪʥһԪϵͶ롣
⼸Уһҽ޸˹¼չ޹˾ģǴ̫ܷ緽оģ˾ԱڰĴǣģȻ󣬵ǼǱȽۺģϰ˵зŶҵҲСзһ¼̫ܷЧʷǳߣڷúͳϫ緽Ҳко
ҹ˾ԱʵֻǰһоǱҶģǰԸ˺ʹŵ˵÷չʽģҶһǮǸڹˣʥ
Ҷӵлĵ绰֮󣬾;ԼҲӦȻȥˡ
ϾεĴʡӲʥһڵĻ˼ҵƺҲЩÿġ
ҶϰҶƽ˵ʡʯ˲ҶƽҲе顣
Ȼ˵ʯӦЭϯǱ߶ˣǸҶ֮䲢ûʲô̫ĳͻӦǿԺ
òװѴͷնˣҶԸĴʡ֮ĹϵҲòãһ¾;ʥӭʯӲ졣
9910ʱңʡίǡʡʯ棬ʡλҪԱͬ£ֱʥ
ֱʥ½İ칫¥ǰĹ㳡ͣƺϽ֮Եίǻ͹ίҶίǡί᳣лΪʥ쵼ӣԴʡʯĵʾһӭ
λԱǰ棬ӭʯ档
еɽȷʵһЩʯͬҶ֮Ц˵
Ҷֵʱʯ˵ƽͬ־ҵĹϵǲġ
ӭʯʡʥҲǵһλʥӲ쵼ʥĸɲȺڶԣҲһַǳõĹҶҲʾ⡣
Ȼ˵ҶٱȽϰ裬Ҫ˭ģնȻûʲôýֻжԿǶʯ棬ұ˴֮䲢ûʲôͻҲûбҪڳһ⬵
ȻǵίǣһƣȻ˺ˡ
ҲɵЩп˼ӵܾǺðˣĴʡȻҲҪӣⲻܲĽ
ô˵ҶĸҶƽίԱүүгί¸صֻҪնĺҪӵġ
һնڽҲ˵һһҴƴӣڲҲ类紵ȥ𣿿ɼײվǲ̫ţ㲻֪ʲôˣһͬ³
ʯڹίд΢Ϣһ£Ҷ˵ͬ£ʼӲʥļҸ߿Ƽҵ
ҴҵҲˣϹģҵȻʯӣ԰ļʸ߿ƼҵҶѡԴҵ˹˾ΪӲ췽
ʯҶ˵һԴۺÿ˾ʱҲȽϸȤ
Ȼ˵ǰʯҵְģⲢʾڹҵԴսԲ˽⣬ʵϣڶԴĿҲǱȽӵģڷ÷ҲûгɾͣǶ̫ܺͳϫܵ÷棬Ҫȹѷһ
˾Ҫģ֪Ѿﵽʲô̶ˣʯԴ˷ǳȤ
ʱһۺԵĿǣϣܹʥһغԴȱ⡣Ҷʾǰȥʱ򣬳Ըͣ磬һֱĥ¶
ʵϵڣ̫ܷ粢ʲô̫ѵĿԽȴǵܵĴ⡣
صĴܱϾֻܴ洢һ̫ܣԴҶоӦʲôķʽ޶ȵش̫ܡ
ʥԣÿ굱г˲̫꼾֮⣬󲿷ʱʱ䶼չ֣̫ܵıǴڵġ
Ҷҹ˾֮ע˴ʽ𣬻˹˾ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣͨԱԹȨķʽ̼ҵзԣչ̬Ʒǳá
Ҷһغۺõ룬Ҳô
Ҷ뷨ڷܡ̫ܺͳϫܵۺԵġ
ڲô̫ܣܵҲǱȽԵġ
ڵоܡ̫ܡϫܵĿЧȫԴӦ֣вҵΪƷ硣
֮ԴƸԣ̲󣬳͡úĴ㣬ֻҪ1%ķܾԴ
Ȼˣһ֣͸ĶԴﵽʳһġ
ڶغķܶȣɴ300/2W/m2ϣ320/ۼƳ6000Сʱ½Դõ򣬴ӶһܶҲ200300W/m2320/ۼ50006000СʱЩڷչͷˮҶʯܵ
˽ġʯͷʾǵķվװ5500ǧߣǹķվڷĿҲǳעһЩڵķԴƣ㼯нһվ
ʵϣҶԴãҲΪֻΪоͶʽޣгز㣬зĽչȻҪöࡣ
Է緢Ĳ˵δʹõϡϳɲϣԷҲϵͣʱҶ˹˾ڷ緽¼Ѿȫ泬ԽϾҵļﵽһ¸߶ȡ
ʯȻǸǳĸɲҶĻ㱨ͬʱӼʹ˾ļλԱ˼򵥵˽⣬ȻҪҪȥ߶鳡һ˹ۺϷ缼ôһ¶
Ҳʲô¶Ҷһ·򣬾Ͷʯ˵ķٴǽغƽˮ׼ʯʡȥһϾͶǵĿи˽ˡ
˾ϲĥһۣ˯žʯЦеرʾ


428 Եͻ
ʥ߶뻪ϻغܽˣΪҪܿеĴʲôģʥۺϷĿ϶ܾ뻪ϻ̫
ӹί¥ʵ԰ҲʮӣҶ߶ԽҰ٣һйʮ˾͸ĳԽҰһ·򺣱߶ȥ
ǹίͦǮİôԽҰʯЩпضҶ˵
ҵˣίһǮûСҶʾҽ߶ʱΪ˰ǨԼȥǮмҴҵפЩԽҰΪίṤĹ
ʡûиǲһʯ֮󣬸еΪ
˵Ҽ¼ҲûмôһʡôҲӦóŶԣӦòһ»裬˭֪նȻôŶһǮûи
ûУһֱţҼҲܵԺҪġҶʾ
Ŷʯ֮Ҳն¶ʵǷǣȻҶҲԸǹǹ£˽˽£ܹΪһ̸ġ
ⷽնҲǺ顣
뵽ʯͲɵҡҡͷʡˣ١
Ȼû˵ҶҲóʯնǲΪȻ
ΪһϸμңһҪرʲôģȡ
ΪԽܹԽ࣬ĳɾҲԽ
Ȼˣնⲻһ˵⣬Ҳ緢ֺⲻ˵ģ֮ҲûʲôۣĳЩ۾һ·߹˳˳ˮΪʡ쵼
ֻû뵽ΪҶƸ£Ҳ;ˡ
ն飬뻹ûжۣҶȻʵ
¶һ治֪ҶүӺ㸸ƽͬ־һЩɣʴˡʯЦŻش
ҶƽίԱҶǬгίԶʯ֮ϣ˼ҶһˣôûϢԴ
ʯ治һίѣЩϢҪһʱ֮󣬲п֪ܵģһЩϢпԶ֪
ŶǿڲĿҪһЩˣѵǲˣҶ뵽ɵҡҡͷ
ʵϣҶҲûһӴնĴ㣬Ȼ˵նȥˣҶûһҪϾɱ
ôһŪѾնǰ;ˣһʡԱԣѾǺܲп飬Ҷץ鲻ģһҪնصĻ߻һЩõı仯
ϾкܶͷǸնĸЩģһǿ飬׷׳Ļôͬ־Ǳ߶ҲǳͷʹҶҶԣҲᱻΪ̫Եı֡
ն˵ĽҶԽܵġ
Ȼˣ飬ʵҲжֲͬģһ־вôҲ˾ûʲôϣˣΪĲһ㶼Ǻصּ
һ־ûĻͺ˵ˣΪô˵δͲȷпܳȥҲпΪ̨ͬ
Ƕն֡顱ԣֻҪַ̫ı仯עûϷˣΪǵƷΪ̰Ͱ̨ģ¶˭ϣ˵ûԸ°ѱֹ
ʯҶĴ£˹˾ں߶ʵ԰֮󣬾˳Ȼһ·д׵ӣڿ߶һƬԼаĶҵʵ԰
԰һλǻṤʦʱ˵ʡӲ죬͸˹䵱˵
ʵϴӽغٹ̲ͿһŲƸȴһֱȻҴŵ´½ﳣٱÿ7-8ףǾѵķ糡λ²Ϊ˽ܵһɽ1000ǧߵĺϷ糡൱Ͽ̵װƺϿȴûаĸҲռøغˮԴ
һϿͶʣԽϿģķ糡ҷһֽྻȻԴûлŷŴ̼Ⱦ˵
ʯ֮󣬵˵ͷȴû˵ʲô
Ͽ¶治ÿ˵ʲô
4£߽ȫ˴λ1767Ʊ޳ɡ177Ʊԡ664ƱȨ25δͨˡ˽Ͽ̵ľ顷˽Ͽ񾭼úᷢչʮ滮ɹԺݹ񾭼÷չʵ͹ҲĿܣѡʵʱ֯ʵʩ
Ͽ̽ȡһοһνɡˮ񡱵Ľ跽ʽˮû漰20ء2701500ҵԼ3400ƽ׵ķݣ110
ڹ̵Ԥ㣬Ŀǰ900ڣǸʵеĸƶϣҲ2000ˡ
ôһ̣֮࣬Ȩ֮࣬ǰδеģԼǾͨܶ߼쵼ҲǱ̸ܶԸԴ·Լ
ʱ÷ĿϿԱȣȻǲʯ˼
Ҷóʯ治Ը˵ʲôͰѻתƿˣȻǰȷʵˣҲô׵ģ糵͵ŷ硣
ŶΪʲôʯԴҲǺ˽⣬ǾͺܸȤطʵ
ڷ磬Ե⣬һǷ֮ڻ磬ڵѹƵʲԴģ볣ΣǷṹȽϸӣ۸Զú磬ڵķ豸λʵķúϣԵ˾ѽܻԸ⹺磬Ҳ˾ݴ˽Ϊ磬Ϊʵá
ԭӣֲ޷ƹءʯ˵ͷ
ҲӦоַĳЩҵرɫұȼȸߺܲҵֱӷǲãƽһ󡣲ٻȫԵΣҲɱЧʡͨǲʹٽضߺܲҵʹɻƽ磬Ҳǵ׷󡣡
ʯ߶һλͬ־˵õ˵ÿĺĵһǧȣרŹӦȷʵоЧ棬Ҳջᣬֻǲװɣ
ҶشŬѹأҲһԵļкǿսԣܹɹҹķ缼硣
мɰգʯǳȤ
ͬҶԣͲǵʡܹⷽȡͻƣôЧ潫Ǿ˵ľ޴󣬲ܺĽˣҲ԰Ѷʡԡ
ĿǰǲѾˣһǽԵ㣬һԵɹ÷̱ܵҶĻشȷʵʯеܡ
ðСҶȻʵµˣն㣬Լ⣡ʯҲɵÿҶ䣬ǼͣȵĿɹˣ쵼Ϊǰ佱
лʯʡ¶ò˶þܹʵ֡ҶЦűʾл⡣


429 ȡ
ҶĵȻǽڿտ˵׻ĻϣʵչҰĴǵоʥ齨˹˾Ŀģǳ˼ҵļˡ
оںǷǳģҪΪԴӦ÷кǿļҶҲǼ˸ˣǰְĿǰѵеоˣϸĻҲҪֺ¶
ʱоļؼĿһƿ棬ҶԹ˵۹һЩмֵָȻܹǲƼգԸоҲࡣ
صعƣ׵ʱ򣬼ؼʵӦþͿԵóȽȷĽˣʱ򾭹ʵʲ֮ӦþܹͨרͶʵõС
ԣҶģڴʡʯǰ˺ڡ
ʯҶĻҲеȽϸˣЧԴҵһ͵ĻڽضȱʡݣһһЩܺĵĲҵͿˣҶڻȾ̶ҲҪСܶࡣ
ϣһǵĳƷʯп
ߵ˺̲Ǳ߶ʱ򣬾Ϳ˹˾ʵ԰
һʽĸϷ豸϶˵ǷҶ֣в̫ܷ壬ˮǳϫܷװãĲֳԴȻԣ޶ȵؽʡռ䣬Чʡ
˼·ҾʹûпԴ÷ʽɵһ𡣡ʯ濴ˣʱǰһ˹˾зԱǳд⣬Ȼܹ취
غԣҹķӦģǳ̫ܣϫ糿Ͱḻ˲֣Ȼ޶ȵؽԴø
ۺãҪȵһͶЧúܶ࣬ͶʽҲ߳ࡣҶַܵ豸ʹõĻһ廯豸Ͷ룬ԻҪСһЩǺܿʽۺϷ豸ǰġ
ʯ˵ͷΪȻ
˵˹˾ܹһ廯豸ͶʵõеĻŹǽʡغ⼸ٹ̲ͿĵԴͻһ֡
ȻˣлҪһЩȻۿڵģҲܰеغ̲Ϳɷ糧Ļû취ˡ
ιʥļҵ֮ʯ»Ǻܸߵġ
ҶʡʯһУܸߡ
еˡʯ濴ķˣʱЩüˡ
˽дλ岮߹ѡҶ͵
ʯͷŶĻҽܡ˵ҶҶһ˫ʯɽ֣ǰеţ쿴ʥĲҵ֮ˡ
ʯʡ̫ˣֻϲ쿪ѣײСҶǫرʾ
һÿζǾͲˡʯп
ǾáҶش
ʯЦҶȷʵ˼
ʯþӾǣھǵһЩӵǣȻ˽⡣
УЩӵȻдģ󲿷ֶ˵һܲҲԲߵȥı־ھýϵĲ֮
ܶӵڵ˵ط쵼ֵ֮ھϵƾԼ棬ӲίʡѰұֵĻᣬѰұͶŵʽ𣬿˵ǶڵطϵףǵĻ˵ܲ
ȥһ㣬ôǱľӪ󲿷ֶǷƿɳµġ
һطûпɳչĿܹҪʴʽͶҲվаǮһ̣ʯΪЩ˲û汾£Ȼڹӡ
෴Ҷ˽⣬ȴʯĿ˸Եת䡣
ֻҶʥһΪ£⼸ҵԼԴ֮Ⱥӵ˹˾Ϊ˵һ⣬λҶҵȻСǾӪȷʵ˸еޱ𾪡
Ĺڣҵͨĸɲ˱ģʵǶһ޶
ʯΪģͬ־ǰ˵ĻԼǰνʡն³ҶܹӣΪҶǱҶǸ㾭ãСֶҲǸְ
Բܹ֮ΪУʯܿ˾
ʥķչλʲôʯȻʵ
ţҶڳһֻзʯʻ΢һ£ȻŻش˵ʵڵģʱҲûкĴ㡣
ôᣬҾɫΪʯˣЩš
ʱֻϣͨЩҵפʥĴܸ֧Ҷ͵Ȼ˵жλǳҪǸڱ仯֮еģǵļƻӦö΢һЩܹԼķչΪƣʵûʲôý
һʲôأʯʵ
ҶǰհԣʯģҲ֪ʥһ㣬߶ڽеִ˼·ҲܹһĴٽá
ɫũҵҶش
ɫũҵʯ֮ȴǸеǰһ
˵Ҷ뷨Ƕκһ쵼˵ģôƺѻԷĹģʯȴһ⣬ҵְʹҵԴűȽִ׷󣬶ڹڵũҵչҲűȽʶ
ϲɽʵϲڴͳũҵֲôũҵĹģչһֱûеõϴĸƣҲǸйصġҶȻѾ˵¶Ͳ˵䣬ҲһЩ죬Ϊ߶ɽʺڲҶֲԼвҩֲһЩĹֲ׼ɫֲҵأЩ涯ԽгһЩ߸ֵĲҵ˵Ҷ˵ͼӹȵȣǳڣзǳǰġ
ͣǶڳ԰ڴѾʼɫ͵ӹʳ͵ķչ򡣡һеĸɲ̲ס˵һ
˷׷׵ͷʾȷʵô¶
͵ӪֵǱȽϸߵģҶ洦ҲƵԭ֮һҶ΢΢һЦƣȡȡҲ̳ʤ֮ɫ͹ȻǴսֻǼҴҵг¢ϣǲĿȴǽʡڣΪ¢ԭϣֻҪⷽ涯ԽǰǷǳõġ
ȡ˵úãʯͷ޵СҶȻ˼·Ҵ仰ֵٺһ
˵ţ;еľƱҶ⡣
ҶʯĵñȽ磬λʡҲе˳Ǿͽ֮һ
һٷ߳ԱģȻСʱɢȥ
ʯϾʮˣЩˣȻʤȥϢˣҶǾ߳дԺĸߴľ
߶дҲݵɽҶȴǵһԷϢ
һһִʥĹίζԣȷʵȽϺ


430 ûаô
ʯӲʥ飬ڽʡСΧ𶯡
ڽʡĵһҼ¼һǸļܹҪ˵û˹עǲйˡ
ʵϵʱʥ֮ʡ˾Ϳʼע߶ˣ뷨Ҳܶ࣬˵ʥ⼸λãͺˡ
ܶʡʱˣͻҪϾʡλޣĵҲңһ³ֵĸһɲɲǺģҲǻᡣ
ȻʱʡնʥǲŲʣ˻ȥƾίǡʥίǣһֱҶԼڣ̬ȷʵҲ˿֪նЩʲô
ΪֵľǣʡίĽ׶ʥҲѡӣĳһγίϣ֯Ϊʥ伸ɲʱĽҲ飬Ҳ˸еֵ顣
ʥƺһйٳĽɣֻǴҶΪʲôĽ׺նǱտڲ̸Ϊ壿
ˮʯˣնΪ̰ͰӶӵ飬ڰ
Ȼ˵ٷ˵뾩ˣ˽ʡίʡϢʹɣʲôУ˵ն̰˼ڣնĶѾ˰ĴǼʲôġ
ⶼǺҶϢ֮ҲǸеЩЦá
ʡĻ̻̣ϾնڽôЩ꣬ĸɲҲǲ٣ЩڶеĸолҶİ칫УʡһЩ̬Ҷ˽
նߵ̫ͻȻˣһҲûУԸ鶼ûа˳һЩǰТûüεĹԱǣʱ;ñȽϿˡ
ϾеĴʡʯ棬նһƢԸ񡢰áɻʲôģҲһĨڣԴҶúѽͻȻı仯
Ϊӣܰն鹫֮ڣӵĴҲ̫֡Ҷһ裬лһָԼһȻϰУǰҡ
˵նһǱġлŲ豭ǰĴк˼Щӡ
һͰɷˣȷʵȽ졣
һҶЩлҲֽܹģҶεǸоٽֳݣΪʡԱնûʲô취
ҲֻҶԼ죬񣬲пӲնʡԱ
Ҳ˵ҸģɻҶȻմֶͰʡԱǸиƷ飬ʵڲҪξεġ
ûһĻڲٳ֣ҶһƺĻѣҪöԷ˽ǣѣǾԲԼͿ԰õġ
նڽаվãǽеľýȴûиȥʵϸ߲һЩһѷ¶ǣȥĵѣҶҲǸŻˡ
ʵϵڣҶѾǳɻЩϿġṦΰ
ֲмίģʲôȨʲôȥ˼ʡĴԱҶ뵽Ͱ˰ֵԺֻǲҪˣǸֵء
лˣ΢΢һЦ˿ڲˮ
Ҷ˼ҲܹһЩˡ
ҶʵѾڹٳ֮ˣĹίΣѾҪľǻã˲۾ײùͷҶŻ֣ĻǶһ²һ¡
˦ִƹ¶Ҳ̫ˡлҶһӣ治ɵЩƣ⼸ƴƴظɹΪһˣ㲻ԼЩ𣿡
ҶΪ˹ҶлҲе˼
ȷʵͬлԣ⼸ǰۻˣʥطȷʵҲаŶίרȥίǵĹίܸͣæĶǹҴ£ǹʴ¡
ʥļί͹ίйѹлίǡί᳣εϣѹҶ֮Ҫô౧ԹĻ
֪࣬ǵɲģûлҵҶվߵлӺ棬ļĳ˵㿴ʡʯյУͽϵʥ˵ʲô⣿˵Ĺúܺ㻹ᣬĿҪŵóԶһЩȻֻǸ֮ұ֤֮ḱʱлңҲǹҫ˰
㲻Ǻȶ˰ɣл۾ҶʵҵţǸʲôģܱ֤֮͸Ū֣
лڸպöʮ࣬ʮ꣬Ҷ˵֮õҲʮһѡ
ʮһĸһŮԣöô찡
Ҫ˵Ļ¶ԱҶʮõһЩѹл˵Ҷȶˡ
ղǺ˲پƣ˵Ҷҡҡͷ˵ģҲ
֮ҶүӹˣҲŹѣӰȻڣҶƽпʱίԱλϴ򰾣Ϊгίó׼ʱҶҵ⼸굱УȽϸߵְλ˵ʡϣίίԱλϣֺܶҶˡ
ΪһıͬʱҶӦл񣬵Ȼϸߵ쵼λʵڸɲữĽ죬һЩŮҪλҲǷϵʱҪġ
ֻ˵л˷Ƥȴǲ˷ѿˮˡ
ĴʡʯҲеȤλʯʡƺȽأǲҶҵĹϵ
ǵǡҶЦʵʡλϣͱȽ϶ˣҶȷʵһЩʡ˶׷ߣ϶࣬Ĵǣܹ֮Ϊϵľ͸ˣϾҵݶϣֻάϵһ֣ÿ̳ˣԼ󣬲˵Ӧ档ԶԣȽҳҺõģҪǸʡµмһָɲˣҲǸϵĻ
ŶԭˡлҶĽͣ˵ͷôλʯʡҶҵˣ˼ƺְҶǺ
ֻ˽˹ϵѣڵӪһ¡Ҷ͵ʵϣʯЭϯһϵģǶͷ
ôأȥ㰡лʾ޷⡣
Ǻǣϵ飬ǷǺڼףءҶشǶ֣ҲǾûкĿܡ


431 
ʡʡʯ뿪ʥ֮ʡ̨һʯӲʥ¼ĵš
Ųֵһǣвûжʥ쵼ϸܣصŬʣ¼ҵҵ档
ҶҲû¶棬лг˺üΡ
֮ҲлʥĸɲǸеǳ⣬ЩҶ˶Ƕ׷ױʾǿҵĲ
Ҳ̫Ѷٷ˰ɣ
ʯ˿ȥУô¶ôص
ԣڴѹǶٰ
ǳ֮Ҷ˰ֵûʲôҵرҪʯǰҵ뷨¶ˣֲͷϡ
ҶʥȻҵģԼҵȻҪ͵չҲȷʵеСˣۺϿڻԼʱרŸʯ潲¶ʾòҪ漰Լ
ʯ˰¶Ҫն׶ˣȻûҶ¶
ֻôһҶǵһڷУĴʡҲʲôȻҶ١
лԱ߶˵ҶθհԶǾͲΪˣ˼ĳɼǸ쵼ģЩ˻Ͽӣʲôģжô㻹ָгίίԱҲ쿴ţ
⵹Ҳǰ
ˣ׷׵ͷ
˺ˣһҳŶʱ乻ҶˡҶЦЦⶼˣҷż٣Ǽȥѣȵһٻ
ð
ϰǹ
˶ʱ׷׸߳޸裬ͿҶٿɺ̫ˡ
ʥȡǡСᡱĸֽģҶҪ󣬾ܵͼͼһ˸һ¶һŲҪԺܶ˶ְȽġ
ίǻҶείǡίΣлείǡί᳣ΣǼ͹ίǣ⻹зסڡϼΣҲǵίίԱ
ίв֡ί칫ңί칫ҡᡢصί֯¾֣չĸ֣ڹ칫ңƼʹ¾֣°칫ңҵ֣ȫල֣Ͷʴٽ֣̾֡⾭¾֣֣ˮ֣Դ͹滮֣֣ᷢչ֣˿ںͼƻ֡װĻ֡ɼΰ칫ңŷð칫ҡĹй֣칫ңҵĿ칫ҡִҵٽ칫ҡ
ճʱ򣬹ί¹ʽְԱһٶʮˣֵÿְ죬Ҳ߰˸˶ѡ
Ҷ⣬̫˷Ӱ칤Чʣʥո𲽣ÿ˶õֵĶᣬǱģܹʤιְԱҶҲ̾͸߳ȥʡռλðװ˷Ǯ
ôһζʱת֮½¼ְԱвܹʤα߳ȥְԱһһί¾ʣһٶʮˡ
һȥݼ٣ʥԣȻǰδеĴ£ȴҲû̫Ӱ졣
ίҪһҵ̽ΪĻ񷴵ǲôᷢչͽĻĿǰȥˡ
Ҷһ£ίְԱ̾ͣһ·п˹ȥ
ʱ򣬸պþڵʱ
߶ǰ˰ź˾Ƶ֮꣬ҾȥƵϴһ£Ȼ
Ƶ߶ṩǺܷʢģʽȫдͳͷӡ㡢׷Ҳи־СԣڲƷ͸ˣ߲ˡʳʵȵӦоУҸȥѡԼϲʳȻһԷ
٣ôţʵ
ɻɣҿܶ߶ϤôȥҶش
еҹҶҲ٣˼绰˸߲ҵرʾѾȥ
㲻Ǿ鲿Դ˽¶ɣҶʾǳɡ
Ȼ˵Ѿܲξ鲿ˣǸ˹ϵкܶģֻҪһ绰Ȼ˸Ѽ鱨ṩϢ
ǵǣ½ŮѼҾ߶ġԱ߶
ŶŮе˰Ҷ˵ͷͶ˵Ҫͷʹһˣеĸ׶Ըģ㲻óʵ˼δػġ
ûô鷳ɣһʱЩ
ʵϣһιҲ˼δĸ˼ģôҲĹҸɲҲüǮֲٻ鱨ϵͳԾ˰ҵ뷨ȴҲû뵽ҶȻ˵еĸӦеЩ顣
ҲδؾôѸ㣬Ҫ鷳˵ҶƽԶݾˡҶһûʧı飬ʱЦˡ
𣿡ͷ
ðһ˵ҲˣֱӾðίԱίҶƽݣǱ׷ǿǺ鷳飬ŮѵļΣһˣǸѿ
û¶㵱ݣ㲻ǼҵҶʾ
ǵҲǡ˵ͷ
ҶĽʱ;Լĵ˺ܶࡣ
Է˺̸ܶ࣬۵ĻҲӣ֪ôģ˾Ͱѻ˹ϡ
¸ڵĹԽԽˡ
ô㣬ǲҪ˽л
гúͼƻãʱı־˵顭
˵ɶǱ߶¸ڹ˵ܲء
ҶЩɵüͷ
ʵϣʥ϶ǲЩķģԭҲܼ򵥣ʥ˵Ĵǣֻ԰ĸҵˡ
ԭͲʲôҵȻҲûʲô¸ڹˡ
ʥķչûк֮ǵģҲûʲôĸҶܹ̬ȥһҪԭ
ڽеκһггǵĻ;ûôˣΪĸ飬κεطǴڵġ
٣˵ȥɶʱҲˣʵ
Ҷȥɶ飬˺ܶӵɶһЩ⣬һķ粨ҶĶҶӳܹξ˾ԵҲ
ɶĹĸȷʵȽһЩҶ˵ͷܶҵû⣬Ӫ״Ҳã쵼Ϊܹ̹ʲҵϰ壬ͶһЩֶҵ壬ܲá
ܸضСлһԲǼǱ߶ҲƵ鷢˵˽ķչǰҪһЩ´
лұǾ޸֮ңӵкܶҵȵȣлҵӪ飬һҲҲΪʲôܹʥ÷˳ԭ
鲢ô򵥵ġᵽ¶ҶԼҲеЩ˵á
еǲ˵е˵ãеǲ˵á


432 ˽
飬Ȼԭ򣬵Ҳڵ֡ҶĲԸ˵ⷽ飬Ȼ˵ҶʵҲ֮һһλõĵоʯͺƶͨѶĴ
νƶ֣Ѿ˵ĺˣЩչ˽ˣʵǶһʣΪʵϽת֮Щ⣬е
ĸ￪ôˣҵ徭϶ģͬʱҲ˸˽ײ㣬ǾʹͳΧĹԱײ˵ûлúܶʵݡҶ͵ǸݹľԣײӵȨΪ˱֤֤ȯɫ֤Աײ棬Ҫĸĸǲٵġ
νķֵ⣬ʵϾƸٷ䡣Ҷ˵ô󲿷ֲƸȨΪŽײ˽һǷǳҪġΪʲôһ˵ĳĳĳ壿ʵһȺ˵棬ֻһ¡
˼˵˽ƹˣлʵ
˽лûʲôУΪͳھ޸֮ңлʲڣڹҲϵҵ壬ҪȻĻлҲھôţƣҪҶûжε
վԼϿ⣬лΪ˽лûʲôõģΪлҵʲҲһɳģǴιġ
ʵϣںܶ˶˽лҶͷ˵һȸȻϣԼĲƲҲʮǰһ˸ûռ󹲲ˡԴƶϱ˽вƲʥַǱҪһ顣
⵹ġһͬĹίḱηϼͱʾʵÿĸһֻأҿʼʱǾƶٸƶνĹĵĹǵȨȹ֮󣬺ǿײͿʼˣͨշչΪ̬ȻҪ̾ά˽вƲĺϷԣֻҪǾ÷ˣ˽лǲɱĹ̡
Ҷ˵ͷʾͬ
ʵ˽лʲô¶ͨϷͶĲƸӦõõغͱġҶ˵һЩˣûдʲôƸǰ˽л˵Ǵ¢ϣҪǱ˶Ŀʵγν˽л壬ֻһҪʲʵͼһΪ˳±ʲ·ʣԲżȼʹ˽лͬʱȴ˵Ǵ¢ϵ˼
ͬҶԣЩܹͨԼֶδǣǱ㹻صģƵ©ȡҲƸˣǲϧΪԼ棬©ȡҲƸˣȻͲʲôֵصˡ
˵90ǰڲûʲôϵľ޸͹ţӸλߣҲеĹϵ磬飬ʵݶѣеȨƵǼΪġ
ȻˣƸĸҲȷʵҪԡ
ʱҵĸ˵Ķȱλʲôģû¢ʲôġʱ˰⿴ǹҵѨץסһ㹻ˣķᡣ
90ĵطⶼܴ󣬵طȷʵͷ۲ѣɶ90Ѹٵû˸еǳԾ
ر80ĩ90γɵĴծ˺ܴѹɶ춼ڽծծҲǰѺܶҵϿҪԭ
֮80ĩ90˺ܶ⣬Щ90һ𱬷ˣӭ90ڵĴģƺ͹
ǴʵҶΪʱǱҪģǷˡ
ծ⣬ʵƶ⣬ǷƲƵ⣬ϲ㽨ûӦĵȴڲҵȻʵä˵Ϊ֮
ϾеĹծΣ֮ĳЩ˾ͿԴ󷽷ؽһ䣬Ŷǿǹ׶Ĳˡ
ƻÿ϶ǲˣȱ˼ƻøСҶ˵ʵϹںܶ˶ϲ߼ˣ̬ҲǿģΪһ˲֪ʲôԭ򣬱̸ѧǷӹ֮Ϊ˼ɣʵںܶ£ӹ֮Ľ̲ڵĺܶ鶼ùˣԲô鷳
ʹڿ֮˴󲿷ָ߶ҵ֮⣬ӪͬʱڣǵĹң뷢ҵˡҶ˵˵ôʧܵģѾõķչʱڣ⼸ʮĲ࣬Ҳֲˡ
뷨δЩ̫˰ɣҲ˶Ҷ뷨ʾ˲ͬĿƶϵԽԣͨĸѾȡ˺ܴĳɾͣٹʮ꣬ͿԽеȷˡ
𣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦҲҴģ
⡭ԷЩԥˡ
Ȼ˵ھѾֻʣ¼ʱˣҾ÷չٶҲͦģǴҵ沢ûһ̤ʵĵӣΪԽ֮󣬹Ҿĸǿˡ
ǺǣҼǵСʱ򣬵ʱ˵ȵ2000꣬ǾʵĸִˡڿȻǷǳأȻǷǳϾŶҶԷ˵ʲôˣʱЦ
ԹǸʲô̬ȣлҶ
Ҹ˽Ƕ˵ȰȫƱ˹УθгãԹҵھûк˽ҵҲû̫ҶԹҵû̫øСҶش˵ҵںܶ෽滹õһġ磬ʳƷȫ⣬϶Ҫǿ˽ģΪûٵıҪ֮еʱǻܿϹġʹ̸ЩҲڵ˽лΪЩʲǹҵģȫģڵ˽лϾǱ˸ϷӶˣһ˽лȻǴϵùҪ֪ɶȹзЩ飬ʵ̫пˡ
Թ֮󣬴ҾһɢøʲôĶȥʲôˡ
ȥҼɣҶл񷢳롣
ȥңлˣе
ͻȻҶ룬ȷʵŪлеҡ
˵Ҷûил֮˵ĻôлԼȥҲͦģڹȥʲôأ
ңлҶļͥҲеģôҶƽҲίԱίǣĴлоֵĳԱҲҪӵģͻȻ͵˼ҵļͣȷʵӦ
󷽱ɣлеʵ
ʲôģҼҵطúܣҵĴܴҶлЦ˵
Ĵ治ʲôϵлɫһ
ûϵĻϴôҴϵģҶʵ
¶㣡л߳ŭ
лǽҶ룬еĸоҶȷʵһֺرĸ飬ֻҪǴҶߣͻеǳһֳԽ˾ĸܡ
뵽ʱһ̣лҲеڣʱΪɶ¶ģ


433 ĸ
λίһҶƽһҲסίԺġ
ֻ߶ĸڶҶϤ̲˺һӲŷС
ʵҲϲסֻ棬ȽܾҶлǴ򳵹ģҲᱻ˰죬ϾܹԺģ϶ǿźˡ
˵ԺĴҲбҪģĿǰĹбҪġ
ֻ˵쵼ɲİҪķѲٵǼĻȻڿչɢؾסĻҪ⻨ѸǺܲġ
оԺĻȽѹ֡лȻǮվˣܽסֵطǰֵӣҲڵģֵط˴ĸо˺֮⣬һ쳣ѹֵĸоһȥȷʵܲˡ
Ҽƻڽ򼸸С潨ִıʩΪݼٵĳʹáҶȻµرʾ
ҶٵĺйлЦЦطʵ
ҶĻӣлǿúҪǱС˱ͳĺйˣֲϵڵôڣǶҶ˵㣿
ʱ򣬾еŮ˶ӹȥ޷ˡ
йҶЦЦôһ˵𺽿ĸˡ
Ȼ˵ŵ飬л֪֮꣬ǶҲܹµóҶٳɵģʱôһ˵лʵɶʱܴȥιһºĸ˵Ǻܴһһ
һӰɣ˵أȻ˵ṹͳˣǸʩ豸кܶ಻ƵĵطϵͳҲҪһǿʱһտӶѡҶش˵ĺը˵һӾʹˡ
ôӵĶл֮ҲЩԾ
֮ǰ뷨ĸ޷ǾǴһľѣȻ֡ʮֵֶܹ֡죬ô캽ĸӦҲûʲôϰġ
ϧʵϸкܴĲģԺĸƺڹ͹ԣȻһȽϼֵ⡣
ڹ͹з֮·Ǻвοֵģٿߺܶ·ʡܶʱʽ
Ǵһ̸ǺǿҶЩп˵Լ˼Ҷʵսл۾飬ӵ˷ḻ촬ľ飬ֻƹӣǷǳģû֮ǰЩۣһӾҪԼĺĸȻǲܵģѺܶࡣ
˵ʱҶźлĺһܼģϧǵ֮ʵ˽ߣһӽлĺҵɱˡ
֮󼸰ʱ䣬ϰѹ˸󺣸ˣҲûгֹҵĸˡ
͹֮ȻʼԼĺϾ̫ڵĹҵǴ޵Уúܣʱ֮ҪɾͣҲǲʵġ
ҾǵĺŶл˵
ֻţȻúʵˡҶЦʵֻǵĳͲͨ
ܵƣ͹ĳҪобһͼǽڣͼǽձǧȺ̫ƽ
Ӱʮڣ͹ͼǽϵĳȨõйعҵĳϣдչĿǰûдﵽͧͨ
жҪԽձݵ̨֮ȺϿˮ̫ƽʺϺͧɴԽĳ纣ϿˮˮǹˮϿˮǡϹ󷨹Լ涨ڹʺߵĺϿϿ24ӵйǱͧڵĹ͹ͧɴԽ֪շ
ϲ̫ͨƽӡĳҲӿԾ̨ϿϺ򶫣ԽʿϿ߰Ͽ̫ƽ󣬻߾¼ºϿ׺Ͽӡ󣬾Ͽӡ󣬾庣ϿϿĿϿӡ
ЩͨǹʺҪҪԽӡȹˮ򣬽ͧͨܵҺ󷨼ذڷһƣܲ㡣
ĿǰľŴУܹõĲѣҸյȹͧĺ໥ص뱻ӡƵҶ˵͹ͨЩˮʱձӾ;ǲֱ24С¸գᡣ
ʵϣ˺ϵĳͻ֮⣬͹ձķ
ӺȺżϵͳǣÿһڸܼ֮С
һЩڸĺأͼԹ͹γɶΡ򡢴ĺΧ̬ƣܹ޶ȵ͹ս
ͨ˵Ǻߣֻܱϳͨİȫ̸άҰȫҶ˵ֻ˵ռ纣սУ󽢶ӱԼĽ
˺ĸЩܹˣлʵ
˺ĸδؾܹ׽Щ⣬ûкĸǾԽЩġҶش
⵹Ҳǡлˣ˵ͷ
ⶫǺ˵һҪûеĻ˼Ҵûһ˺˵ôԷͲôˣһսĸҲͬЧ
һ˺ĸӣôһķǶԾûжˡҶʾ仯նԣǾһԽܵԱ仯
Ҫ캽ĸȷʵںܶ⣬һĸøֲľǸ·
ںĸܹס9ϵķˣڴҪܸߡ
ĿǰߴԵĪƵHY-100ָ֣ΪսʣԳڡ
Ȼˣ˹ȻҲֶȴӲܹЭ飬۸Ҳһ֡
һǽػ⡣
˺ĸһսƽ̨ѣûнػĻĸ͵ǻӣϵľ޴ײģĸػĿǰĹ͹޷գȻҪ˹ȹѰĿԡ
ߵҶƽסίһ¥Ȼ塣
ԱܿͿţҶȻؼ٣ǷԱƬģҲˣȻܹǵסӡ
ҶƽѻڣҶԵú⣬ѹλе˳Ծ
裬л񡣡ҶҶƽܵ
ҶǺãҶ˺áлʺ
ҶƽʱлλҶƺº͵ӣһҲûзʲô֮ɱݺʲôģɼ쵼ڼҵʱʵҲͨһö
лС㣬ѻл֮󣬾ͷﳤòرƯ֣һֽϢȥӢɵϲ֮ġ
ҶƽȴǿҶһۣ˼˵һλ


434 ҪҶ
лСǴлҵӵܣǰоְʥίǡί᳣ΡҶҶƽѻлݣ˳ǿһлСʥҲ֮ڹϸҺܴİ
ԭˡҶƽ˵ͷ˵Ӵǲ⣬һδʥȴܹĴй䣬֤˵ģû뵽ȻҪĸְˡ
ŮӣŮӣһҶǼֱûнҩˡ
лˣǼҶ쿪ûиܸɵ˰ţǲءѻЦűʾ
ڿ˿л񣬴žǶʮӣ;ܹθĹԱȷʵϾҲҶôƣлһŮܹһ˵֮ǰоֵĵλҲǱȽϸߵģȻӵڵļ
ͷлˡҶ˵֮ˡ
ҶƽʱЦˣ㵱ʲô⻰Ҫ˵ҲǸеĽףʯȥ˵ҵٳҲ쵽ǽȥ
ȻίԱȴίǣҪܵľһ̯飬˵һҲС¶Ҫһ³ģܹҶ˵ô򵥣
ǶڽУ϶ͲֱӲˣĻ˵ҶƽҪʲôأҲ̫Ե˰ɣ̹˰
кܴģʯ˵ǾʶġҶ̲ҶƽĻ
ʯ桭ҶƽЩۣǰǴϵпɣֻҲʡԱҵǲø˵ʲôˡҪʲô뷨ǿԸȥ˵Чȥ˵һġ
ҲԡҶһ£Ҷƽ˵Ҳе
һȷʵòҶƽԼݳ棬ȫܹ㶨ˣϾԼڹٳеĵλ൱Ҷҵĵ쵼ˣȻλûֻǸʵȴǷģ˭õҪΪ˭˵ҲǵԴġ
ʯ˵ƷΣҶʵ
ƷҶƽֵؿҶһۣȻŻش˵ƷǲģҲȷʵһЩҪСı˻Ǯ
ƷҶˣЩЦ治ˡ
ٳܹһڲͲˣ鶼СڣʲôȨıˣսˣˣЩԸıƾһ𣬵ƷʲôģȴǴһˣ޹Ρ
ҶƽҶ˵ʯƷ˵ʯƽ״̬ǸĳߣһǣΣǾͺ˵ˣϾαǸĲĺ;ᣬνԣҲνֻһѡ
μҵѰԵ㣬ǹǱȽѵġ
飬ǻӵģֻҪ㲻ˡҶƽ˵ʯԲߵձȽܸĲ£ܹõģȻǲһӪģҲȫȻģСΧڵĺʲôܵ顣
Ҷ˵ͷʾ˽⡣
߲ЭϯԶһЩ˵Ļ϶࣬ʱҲ٣ҶҸͬ־˵ʱҪһЩҲȫȻûԼ˵սгίĹŽͬ־ʱƣʱӶ࣬һ㲻ԸⷢԼ漰Ĵ£Ż
ҶҸһµʱҲеģⶼҪ
ʵϵгίԺ󣬴ҵִ϶Ѿ̶ˣԺⲻ˵ģͬ־Ϊһ׳ȻλȨأλгίͬҲȨһʱ
飬Ǵģÿ˵ĴڶҪÿ˷ԼҪҲƶġ
ȻˣҶƽԣʡԱӦԼԼ뷨ԼЭϯҲָܾʯʲôʲôǴӴһЩָʾѡ
һΪ飬ʯĻǱȽصġ
˵ȥĽʡίĽףڻѾձɽˣ浽лҪεʱ򣬹ƽʡίѾʯ֮ˡ
ʯļ𣬱ǼȿʡҲܹʡίǵġ
һЩʱڣҲʡһΣֻʱ䶼öѡ
Ҫλ̫УûдɹʶɵģĻεʡɲеǣôֿܳȱ飿Ȼǲġ
һ֮ͨҶƽʵôʱܣ
æ˺һˣûݹ٣һһҪһЩᣬһҶ͵һΣסһٻȥ
ѻ֮󣬶ʱϲüҶס찡ǺüˣóóԵģ⼸ڼԷɡ
Ȼѻл񣬡лС㣬ʲôɿڵĶ𣿡
ûУлѻ飬һЩӦˣֻĴǰҲ˲ʲôԵͷ
Ͼǹ쵼˵ķҪԷһڼ죬ֻ᲻˶еģѻҲĸɲеϵͳְġ
緹ˣǿҶлĻͷ˵
ôУѻ̱ʾ˷ԣˣ㻹ҪԷ
ҴӳģܲܰѴ²ܰɣҶ͵һγǹίһٶʮأҪǶһģһܻؽ𣿡
ǹί˶ŪˣҶƽˣҲǳһ
ҶûϢȻλͬ־ˣǱ߶Ҳûʲô¶鷢ĻܻҴ绰ġҶش
Ҷƽˣɵֵ˶һۣôһѭ浸صˣһɣҶҶ˵ߵŮһһġ
楣ҶƽѻǱȽϲģֻΪҶҵ⣬楿϶ûˣǴִҶʲ϶ҶĵŮˣҲص
ǰлƺҲлȻֻҵңҲǸŴ󻧣ҿŹҲоֳĸأ϶һܺõѱء
лȴЩձĸоҶƽһЩѻĿȴϴתĶܸȤŪлеҪ뷨
һӣԱҹ»ˡ
лС㣬ҪԵɡѻлҨһƵǰ
ллҶˡл
ҪҶʲôģҰ̾ͺáѻʾ
леȷ˿Ҷֿ˿Ҷƽ
ҪҶǣҶͺáҶƽѵһؿ˾Ц
Ҷ״ҲѧҪҶΣҡţʲôţ
٣л˷Ƥʵ
ţٲҶͷʾ


435 ˻Ů˻
ϰ߶ûʲô֢ҶҲǺֵܹȥϷлתͷҶƽ
һ㣬ҶƽίҲһˣӦȫƿеľ棬Ǵִ˼·δؾ͸˵Ѿ죬ϾǰûоӪһһصľ飬Ҳƶġ
ðɡҶƽ˿˵ûʲô̫⣬ֽĽ֮󣬶еľöзǳԵĴ̼ãֿٷչڸ£һʱ֮Ҳʲôӵ
зչصֽĽ棬˵Ǳ߶ĵǱȽصģҶƽ߶࣬һ˾ɳǸķչʽһֶͨζеʩӰ죬ýǮתевɲַ˵ͼӰõúܡ
ƷûʲôɣҶһ
Դȥһ˶ɶ֮󣬾ͶⷽǳעڸְУӵȫҲĲҵˣȻҲͬ⣬òӹעһЩʡøһ淸˴󣬵ʱ򲻺ʰ
ĸ￪رǽʮԺеĹĸﲻȻ˶ࡢծࡢصʷ⡣ҶƽҶ˵ҵļƻУԹоýṹеսԵȫλģҵṹֽṹͶṹҵ֯ṹƽṹ֮ڣǾɸѡɳ֧ҵҪָ귽棬ҪͳҵռȫйҵİڽɽصҪӿ췢չϢִ̡ҽҩ²Ϊĸ¼ҵΪִҵϵ
ҶͷΪЩٴ뻹ǱȽϿѧġ
еĵλ⣬עͶܼ͵ĲҵвͨģһЩи߿ƼֵҵܹıȽϺá
Ϣִ̡ҽҩ²Ϊĸ¼ҵչǱ޴֧δʮϵķչ
ййҵֵԵƻҪеĳйת䣬ӵһתΪۺϷܣȷչлʩҵ͸¼ҵҶƽ˵լȮĳҵзĵĹ滮²֣ûȾĶ͹ҵ⣬ӹҵǨƣڽؽɫƵ԰ʽҵ700ƽĹҵγеķ١еʵˮƽִ¸֡
ҶƽļƻУֵĴͶṹĴ
ĽڱաزκϢѯȵҵķչҲᴴľҵλʹڶҵͶҵתơ
ȥйҵҵҵԱΪ400ǵļƻ֮ڼٵ300¡ҶƽʾһͶЧʣһǴٽҵķչƽԴ
ڹĵҪͨҵ֯ṹеӹʲԺŻƣҶƽļƻǰһЩҵָܾΪʲعɹ˾ҵţȷʲͶ壬ͨʲ飬ʹʲҵҼУԴҵУʽƲƷС
ϰıи˰ˮƽôհԶľġҶ֮󣬾;ҶƽĹ滮úܵλԶԶسˮ׼
Ҷ˽⣬ϰһڸıߵģ򲻿˵ˮ©Ӵ滮ʮڵݣⲻôġ
ί鳤أ˶лġҶƽ˭ڰ취Ҳһĳɼֻ˸⣬ѧ㷺еķչȻʵҪɸѡŻϣȻѯѧȻ󾭹η󶨸壬ԼǸеȽġ
ŶҶ˵ͷҶƽֶαʾͬеĸУţѧΧҲȽϺãȷʵԷᣬֻЩѧҲеģеʱҲд˽Ҫúõذѹˣʰǲˣȫŵȥ
ѻڸлһ˵ʲô飬˶ӵĻ֮󣬾Ƕӻӣô˵ģôˣѵ㿴Զ
ҶƽȴЦЦҲô˵ʵСںܶ෽棬ǸհԶѧ߹ȻܹһЩãǴҪԼգϾΪίԱҪǵеķչͬʱҲҪעҵķչķչ̬Ҷ˵ûѧֻǳ䵱ңǵҲҪѡؽܵġ
ˣǰզզɣǹܲˡѻڰֵͺµظлǴлǸʲô˵һӰŶ
ʵлѾʼڵصǨˡлشҸ׶ڵصķչǿãΪ̻޴лһ֧ͽڵأҲܳΪоֵĳԱҺֳΪʥĸɲ
ĴлңʵѾǵǸˣڽ㻴һӵкܴҵӰҵ壬ҵ漰ҵֲҵҵȶ棬һۺԵĲš
Ȼ˵л񲢲ʲģǴԵعһ£ֽӦҲʮԪģϣ̶ʲܻᳬʮڣȷʵһӴҵˡ
û뵽ǼôǮѻ֮һЩпȻʵ㻹ʲôֵܽ𣿡
һ硣л˵⻰ʱ̲סҶһۡ
ǸܵлԹҶתͷһۣŷлڸѻ̸۹ǼһЩ顣
ֿʼˡҪϲ˵ļͥ˽òãҶʾԼĲ
Լ̫͵˵ʲôѻҶŶһ£˻ȥ
ھǵʱ۸Ҹ磬һ¶е顣лҲ֪ǳʲô뷨ͰѵʱҶҶ֮ĳͻ˳
Ҿ֪һй£Ȼѻе²лҪ顣
Ҷ˸۶˵ѹ˼ҶŮһ̨ϷŮ˴յһ𣬾Ѿͷˡ
лֻǼ򵥵ؽ˽Ҷл֮ĳͻȴû˵¼򣬱Ͼ漰Լһ楣ԾͲýôϸˡ
Ϊϻصܣ˵һְҶҵҶľһ㣬ҶҵĵλǸߵĺš
лȻԼܹΪҶΰףȴҲûھܹ極Ҫԡ
ҶȴǺȻЦе񾭲ģ
ôˣҶƽЩĪ
룬˻Ů˻ȷʵμҶЦ˵֮Ļ⣬׾棬Ů֮Ļ⣬Ǻѱܿҳ̡
Ҷƽˣ˿̸Ȼѻл񣬲ɵҲЦôһ˵ô¶


436 Ԥ֧
һֱ˼Ƶĺ⡣ҶƽҶ˵һȥɶӦջģ֪Ǳ߶ʲô
Ҷȥɶ飬Ҷƽ֪ģҶͨһɶ˾ţɽֽίĽ˾ίθ׳Ҷӳξ˾ִɶĴȨ
һɶľƶŤתԱ仯֮ǰܶ˸ط˽֮飬̾͵õ˶ƣҶӳǱ߶Ҫ
ɶĹ⣬߲Ҳһ£ν۷׷ףȴûһȷĴ𰸡
Ǳ߶Ҷ˵յ龰ɵ̾˿еҡ
ҶһֱȽϻ̬ȥģֻеʱʵ̬ҲϮüͷȻ࣬ĿǰɶĹȻһܲõӡ
ôҷҶƽкҶһ߶ɳϣһ裬Ȼߺȱ̸
ô˵أҶ룬ӦǶߵ󵼰ɣǲô˵ӹԱʲȵְ¸ڣûл·һĳ衣
֮ҶͺϸػɶЩ飬ԭֳ˵طԱǼеȨΪԼı֮⣬ߵҲһЩ⣬󵼵Ļᡣ
ϣȱˣƱĿģΪЧʣǿĻ;ŤתĻףʵϵĳЧȴĳЩ˽ֹʲһʢ硣
󣬹תƵĳɹӣһǽҵĲʲȥϸȥƫĹ˰ȥûḺûֻǱ˶Բֹ˵ʣֵֹեȡҵҪȴ˽ɳܡ
ҶҰУδκһ»ʲôõֶŤתǬתҵһֱ
Ҳ֪ǳʲôԭһƾȻ˴ҴææҶʾԼǣҲҪһɹԵ㣬ȷʵƬƹҲ٣ǿڵƺĳЩȲҪ֣δҲ̫ѿһЩ
Ҷƽ֮󣬳ĬһӣȻ˵Ҫ֪ÿ˶һɵؾܹ׬˵ĴѳƱģǳŪȨûбı£ҪŪǮҲֻԼҵ֣ǿɿصģҲǺܷģҪǣܹѹסᵣıϵ׶
ڽǮȨ׷һĻ⣬ʲôʱ򣬶顣
ʵڹĸ֣ҵҲܲһҶ˵
ڵ⣬ǴҵǶ˵ġҶƽǱȽоģϾҲһȺˣܹҲǶʮ֮еһҿЩطƺΪǿĸ֣ʶѹϽڵĹӲذһЩԭӪĺܺõĹ壬Ȼ˽лΪĳɹ䷶ΪԼΪѾ޴Ƿˣ
Ҷƽ˵鲢鹹ģʵںܶط
ʵһЩСطӪǲģܹԸʲôģûеɽˮĵزƣĴñһѹе˶ÿǿǡ
ط쵼ִ˵ѧˮƽ൱͵ģеĿ˵äִͻȻôһֱӾǹҪˣҪ˽ôҪִأ
Ϊǵ룬ȻǲܹŲʵģϽûйƣǾĹûôƣǿ϶ǵȰѹ壬Ȼ˽ŷϹ
٣ôһٵΪĹϰյҶһ
ʵܶô򵥣ԵһǺõģһ±߶ͱζˡ
ף⻹ƶϵ⣬ɲǶǶϸƣֻ뷨ʵ⣬ȻӡҶԼѹˣҪѶҲòʵݣ߲ͬϣһòģȻû˻Ըȥˣ˽л򵥣
һǧѣһҲǷǳ򵥣ͨĵȷʵЦԷǵģǸ߲֪˵ôһǻܹЦó
ϣʲô뷨Ҷƽʵ
ڶܹôطеı׶ˣҶƽǷǳ˵ģֻҲ֪Ҫ⣬ʵڲһ׵顣
ЩˣѹƳʵҾ˵׵ҶȴԼ뷨ģϸ˵Ӧн˲Ŷԡ
Ŷ˵˼˵˵Ҷƽ˶ӵĻȤ
онˣǰ˽лܻΪһ̸ʱĳҵ˳Ҳ˽ֹʲҹҶʱͶĸıͲֵǹΪ߹ʱЧʶȡΪǰͶŷ˽лǽвƲ޳ˣ˽лϹ飬ҲϹ棬ʵϣڶ˹˽лҲ˺ܴ⣬ƸʼѸСȥʱȥ
̸ʱҶԼҲеգʵԼڶ˹˽лд׬׬ʱĴ
һ㵽ڣҶڶ˹Ǳ߶棬ӦѾǧˡ
֪ǰ˽лжôʧܣֻҪǵϰգڹʲôӣͿԺˡ
ͱ磬ϿͶʴڳҪЧ棬ӪʱͶ룬ҲͶ룬ʱʱӦͶ롣Ҷ˵ǵ糧硢Чֺ󣬾ӦͨʱгֹȨתãۻյʽ𣬽εݼ
پٸӣ񿪷ֶʽִš֮ͨ󣬾Ϳȡŷѵʽתãͨջؽʽ֮󣬿Ͷ뵽ִŵĽ赱СҶ˵УʱʵֵҪ޵ʽ𣬼ӿ˻ʩĽ裬޶ȵرֽķչ
뷨˼ҶƽҶĻֱ֮̾ӣȻΪҶ뷨ˡ
ʵϣҶƽȷʵҲ⡣
Ȼ˵ͨߣ˺ܶʽȫһЩģĳн裬ʽϾ޵ģпݽߵһ죬·ŽȻӦͶĴĿ϶ҪǮģΡ
һֱôȥĲѹ϶ǳ
Ҷİ취ȷʵ⣬ҲȷʵܹʽֵͶҪĽĿȥԶȲϵҪǿˡ
ҪǣйȨֻȫתõĹУʱ̬Ĺʲδ˶ܵʴ˺෴ʱָŻʹ䷢ӵЧܸԡЧʽһߡ
취Ҫɵģ¶ˣҸһҶƽܺã˵ضҶ˵
аԤ֧ˡҶ̱ʾҸлٹ꣬㸺ɸ


437 лĶ
İɣҵʱʵҶƽˣʱһ
ʡɲС¶ˣгίǣҲҪģڲŽֶѣǳһλ֮󣬰ίԱҲδؾܹƵķչ
ʱҶүӿ϶Ҫȥˣ˵ҲδؾôˣҶƽ滹еԲ׼ԼǸʱ򣬾ܲסӣ
ϰҲԷƱʱҶҵľԲᵹġҶϰһ𾪣΢ЦŰοǵĿ꣬ʮгίҲ׵Ĵ㣬֮ǰҶϵҲҪֲģʱǲһսһȺΪһͬĿڷܶô˻㲻һʡǰװ׵˷ʱ⣿
Ҷôһ˵ҶƽҲɵһ
Ҷ˵ȷʵееǶľѳ֣һúֻҶҵļȻǲģίԱΣǵȺڵ¶
Ҷүгί棬ǵ¸صһλͬʱ涼Ҷҵִ֣һܺõĻᣬؼڶɲѡκȵЩ˳ɳ֮Ҷҵôɾ͸ӸҶï᲻ɴˡ
߶ֵĸɲһЩġҶƽ˵
ҶƽµģʡȻί鳤أǿεģ⼸λͲ˵ˣΪ߶ȽϸӣҲų޼ĴڣԶڱǸʡĸɲҶƽֻϣŲɡ
Ȼˣθʡǿصģʡ
ܹصλʡĴԱʵѾܲˡ
ʵϣҶⷽҲԼĴ㡣
ҵʥԳΪеĺ󱸸ɲأרṩɲΪһɲݶصҶҶƽ˵
취ҶƽҶ뷨˹
ʥΪһ齨ĸ߿Ƽ˵Ҷһ죬߶ҪɲҲѡõģ˵˶Ҷϵ
Щʥ꣬ȻɱȥһôһƬ߸ԱˣһʮһĻҶƽְڼ䣬Ҳ岦ˡ
ʮλ߸ĹԱһɷǳǿЩ˵УпҶƽְڼ䣬ּλʡĹԱ
⽫һʲôĺп¶ΪҶҵĺ԰
֪һ쵼ɲ󹩸ء
ô˵ʥУȻкôģʥڽʡҲǺкôġҶƽ˲Ҷġ
ΪʥǽʡϽҶ߶ڣΨҲãҲգǽе飬ôҲֲҶƽͷʹʥеĻͲܹôˡ
ʥǴͨУ϶ҲΪЩ˽дõĻʥоֿܽЩɲǶеĶָ̬ƣùΣԱ㵽ʱȥӰࡣ
Ҫ㶼ˣҿҶӰҶҵƷ־Ҷƽпֵ˵
ⶼǺŬƷʲôϵҶ˸۶
˵ҶҵƷôĻϴҶӦóеҶҵӰ˵Ĵ죬ҶҲҪôѾˡ
ٳ飬ȻҶԲû̫ѹǱϾһϵԼĻƾԼȼ֮׬Ǯݵ椣ƵصܣǶôɶô飿
õҪӬӪҪķѴϸôȥƱˣͬʱҪտԼһĶֵأ֪ʲôʱ򣬱˵ˣǲװ
лѾͷھʲôϵҶƽ˿ͬѻл񣬾ѾͷʵҲܲѯʵ
ģڹˡҶش
ҶƽһȻлԴ΢Сȵذڶһ£Լ߶̸ݣɵЦЦˣ˽¶ҲܲˣôӣҲûвؿĵֻԼҪʡõʱͻȻܳһӣҵƺүүҾͳβˡ
⻰еΪϲˡҶû˵ĸ֣һ㶼ˣҪӵĻǵر׼֮еģҲôıףǲܵ顣
ļٵģҶƽʵ
İɣҲǺֻ˵ĿԡҶش
Ǹ֣ҶƽŲҶ⼸ôģҲġ
Ȼ⼸Ҷȷеϵĸо涼ǾˣСûĵӣôͻȻ˸֣Ҫʲôˡ
СðһȻȷʵһЩʦʲôģҴǸҶƽҶ׻׻̻ҲţүүҲţִʦ϶ƭӣ߱ĵˣ㻹ǾԶ֮ɣ߻ħˣҿ޶ˡ
Ҷ˾ЦôһҶƽ˰죬Ҳ¶˵ϰֶԼĹģǾ˵ĺˣҾ˵˵ѣĳ͵СѾͷƤǲô񣿡
Ҷƽôһ˵ֽĿתлϣȻͼСѾͷɫЩ糺϶ǱҶ˵ڰ͵߶̸˵ʲô֮Ļ⣬ֱҶڵ٩һ£Ūе˼ˡ
ѵѾͷܹǸ̸֮ҶƽкЩ档
ҶƽľȻǺܴģ֮ľжʮԶмñȽϴĵӵţлܹĻУ֮ĵ
ˣʶѾһЩͨһⲻܹͨġҶеŵӣͶ˵ԼϤĻУòҪԣҪһЩеϣģΪǸǽжһЩ׶ᷢ
ܽˡҶƽЦЦԱ߶ĲȻѾˡ
лʱڸѻ̸۹ڽĻ⣬ⷽ棬ȻҲһЩĵõģϾڸоֵĴʦѧյʱҲԹֻⷽǣҽʲôģҲһЩУܹѻĻܸȤġ
ֻǴʱлҶǱ߶٩ԼЩ޺޵ĸоӦôܹһ£֪лβӣġ
Ѱ˼¶أҶĵ绰
ŶȥŮôˣҶ˵绰ɵЩʵ


438 
ϴǱ˿סˡڵ绰˵
סˣҶٺЦЦѵǸŮѳȥɨˣ
ȥʱ˳˵ҪȥŮѣҶȻؾ뵽һ㣬û׼˸ɲһȥ˼Ҷϣɨˡ
Ҫǳ¶˵ͦεģҶҲʲôԾģȥԵλǡ
ֻǱý֪˵ʥˣԶشӽܵС
˵úһЩǾʥ˼ҹꡣ
ǴȥĻȻʲôʵϵãȴҲҶ޹ġ
ɨƣΪ飬߶ľ칻ģϴҳȥɡڵ绰жҶ˵
û˵ҶƽݣҶЩ
֮ǰԸ˵ȥĸҵʱ򣬿һ¶Ӧû˻᲻ӵģѵƤû
ˣ˵ˣҾΪһҶƽݣԲű˼ҸŪġЩƵػش
ܳȻ¶ҶˣʱЩȻ
ҲʱҶվϰҶƽ˵ľǹŵģȻҵĴ͸ץˣڹȥô¶
ʲôҶƽˣʱЩ죬֪ʲô顣
Ҳȹȥ˵Ҷ˵
ĸҪҪ˹ȥҶƽʵ
òʦڰɣҶҡҡͷ
ŶҲУʲô绰ˡҶƽҲʲô¶
ľǣץǳе¶о仰˵úץһǧɷŹһϰ߱˶Դˡ
ҶҪߣл˵ǹί飬ҲҪҶһȥ
Ҷһ£ִԱ߶˸˿ڴ棬˺ܿȥ˷־֣߶ǵƻͨͦæġ
ʵϣԴίǰǺͬ־и˳֮еҹͿʼµķչʱڣͨƵĵԽԽˡ
Щ浽ҹҪȵģĵʲôģȴһֱţҲҪΪһ̻һЩӦĲ
ȻˣڵĹҲר˸ģϾ飬ģἰʱҪ󣬱ϾǮܹװ׸
ʥҪҪҲѧӣŪҹ̣лŵƹ貵ĳУЩпʵ
ʱûʵȵ˹˾ۺϷĿ䶨ǾͿԿˡҶش
˵ͳϫʵԲ׶εĻҹĵ·ȻͲˡ
˵̫ܷ磬ҹĴĿȻѾȡһĽչǿǵͶ̫δؾͻôʵӦý׶Ρ
˸ս˷־ֵĴ¥ͱ˸סˣǵݺ⡣
ʡʥίᵳίǣֵľ쿴л֤󣬸еЩ죬ôŮӣȻǸĸ߹١
ҶȻرл˾ˡ
˵ǵĸɲˣҹ˽һ¾лٲȻһֲŭƣһǸɲ
ԭǸĸɲֵľ쿴֪ģЩֹһ䣬Ȼָǵսȥ䡣
Ҷл˹ȥҵյ䣬Ȼš
ܿ˹ţһ꾯죬Щؿʵ˭
ʥǲǸǿˣҶʵ
ǣ꾯ʵ
λˡҶش
꾯쿴ҶлһӣȻ˵Ǿͽɣ˺ܲʵȻðҶǵݡ
˵𣿡Ҷ˵ûݰ
ţ꾯ʱһ㶣ûзӦ
ҶѾл˽ȥֻصդ棬һŮӴſߵĺڿ۾ڸ黰ʲô
١Ҷʱվץդ߶
˭ǸģΪʲôץǵˣҶʵ
ڸǸŮ˵죬ʱתͷҶЩɲ
ǽӵһթƭľٱλͬ־ðίҶǵݣʲôˣһʵ
ǽʥίģҵ֤ץǵļ͹ίͬ־лԼ֤ݹȥۿ
ܹ֤ǸɲݣҲųðҶݵʵл֤֮󣬾ָ⣬Ǳоһλɾٱģ־쵼ǳӣѶʹУһЩҶǵ飬һҲԾǼðġ
ҿ֤ǼðġҶ˵
㣿ƾʲô֤һЩɵطʵ
ƾҺݣôҶƽȻҲˡҶش
ʲô챻ˣһ֮ŷӦ˼˵Ҷǲݣʲô֤ݿ֤Ҷݣ
Ҫʲô֤ݣҶһӿڴͳһһӡ
ʲôʱˡ
ֻ棬һƬȥһȫҸ
ֻһȫҸƺͨȫҸЩͬļˣȥ찡
ҶϣҶǡһڿŵˣɵô󾪵
Ҷһָָ˵үүҰ֣ңǻҪʲô֤Ұָֹϣүүָأ
ϸƬԺ亹ʱˡ
ԣҶƬǸˣҶǬҶϸҶƽ֮ĹϵҶǺģֻҶȴ֪ҶȻôһȫҸ̵ǵϣȷʵͦ˵ġ
飬ǼٵģģҪ֤ҲǺܼ򵥵һ飬ֻҪί绰˽һУֻҲҪһôĺ˵λȷʵҶǵĹӣԼ˻Ҫ֤ųʲôʣ
ǿ϶ǲҶǵĹӷˣ飬϶ǻᱻҶӼǺĵġ
Щڹǵɱʵ̫ˣǲͨľѣôܿסѹ
ҶȺȱ裬ǾֳϾ͵ˡһæкҶ£Ȼһʹɫ˼˵Ͻȥ־־ֳ㱨ɣѾһС¶ˡ
̾ܳȥˣҶ͵
Ҳͽ϶Ϊ˶ֽţĻйעЩ飿
۾ʼ
˼ӣҴҵĽŲȴ߽üλ졣


439 ˵
־ֵľֳؽϢ濴ӣŵ
ôˣ˭ţе죬ȥš
־ʵ쵼ƶȵģҲһֳίͼֳֵ࣬ÿÿ˶Ҫֵһϡ
ϸպǷ־־ֳؽֵҹ࣬Թ͹ˡ
ڷšؼšձһ硣
ҲǰؽеģŻῴֶ
ӾʵҲܼ򵥣ǽ21͵ĳһ죬ձ˲ĳºͳ¹ϮϽʷʱʱչֲԭ7000ǰİѼ͡
԰ŵӳΪ׵ʱսʿӣʱɴšǸĿʱ
ǹĺĻӼԼ׷ǵߡֲ˹
·֣ǰ벿ԶԿͼռ򡢸дʷ߸˹ΪߣΪлܸ˹ķ˫չһĶǵս
˹Ա׷󣬿»ع鵽ľʹǵҲɫɫͼдʷҰļҡʱΥķＯšϮߵȵȡ
ؽ֮ԻῴֶҪΪСⲿӾ磬ڼվڴϺʲô˼ڣ䡱ȵĪĻ
мڴˣؽԼӦÿⲿӾ磬оһΪʲôСǵĳԣ
֮󣬰ؽ;ֶʵǵ۵ģֻһĻñȽʣٿ;Ǽ򵥵ظ⡣
֮󣬰ؽȽӻһƵصһ׽ĿϣڲţǱȽϷ󣬷֪־־ֳؽϢ濴ؼšɶͯƬĻƻЦһȺ˵Ĵ
Сôˣ飿ſԻŵľ죬ؽһϵıسʵ
ؽһԼȺЩ棬쵼ľҪһ̩ɽǰɫƣСŻëëԸʲôʱܽأ
ֳץǸˣе鷳С˿ĭЩѾ˵
ץˣؽһ¡
оϢĻץǸˣ˵ðҶǼݵġСѵ
ôˣѵץˣؽʵ
ԷˣԳҶǼҹӡСЩɵػش
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ؽȻǷ־־ֳûнίίԽĸɲѣ˼Ҷһ۴ķҪࡣ
ֻԱ߶һ쿴ˣеˣҶ˵ôôأǰؾֳ
ؽˣҪһŰ߳ȥ
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ȻҶҶٵɫЩб۾Сһۣȴû˵ʲô
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ŶʲôˣҿͺܺҶЦЦطʵ


440 ҶҪˢڸ
Ĳ㡣ؽüŪ۵˵Ұ칫ҶΡ
ҶЩؿ˿ؽ˵ʲôô׶Ȼڰ칫ҵԼȥ
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٣ǵҪȥˡҶ˵˭ô׶ʱԸܹЦó
ҶӦؽϽֵµľ˵Ƿųɺͳ
ǸϽ˳Ǹڿ۾ŮǳһֱӾ§סſĻˡ
ŮѰҶˣаЦ
¶ȷʵеˣ֪ʲô鷳ŪȥٱðԼݣ˸Ū˾棿
ؽһСĵҶİ칫ҡ
Ҷ롣ؽţҶơ
Ҷ˵ͷ˽ȥ
ؽȴûиȥҶее⡣
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ŮӲǱˣҶƽ飬ί鳤صú硣
һҲˣǻˣûеôֵشڰ칫棬ҶҶ
ҲǺΪŮӣһҶƽ飬ˣֵĴˡ
٣ǿЩʱûˡЦŶҶ˵
ţһˣæҶЩпػش
·ӣɶܾǣܶţжûô߶ҲкܾûˣȻûл磬ϾҪǸҶƽ飬ÿҪҲܶġ
˵ҲǱȽҶҵˣΪҶƽ飬ܹӴܶ࣬ûоԵΣ϶޷ʤְġ
Ĺؼ鳤ʱѾصͶ뵽ҶҵĻˣһϵְҲǼǿͬҶƽ֮ϵһ
Һص뷨ֹڴˣ֪øҶĹϵ㲻ҲǺܴҲϣܹõ˼ʹϵܹ𵽱ȹϵõЧ
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¶ҪֶֻˣҲ֪ʲôҪٱ־ֵô鷳
Ҷץס鲻ŵĻ黹治ð졣
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е˼ϣСúܹƽ¶ҶӲټƽϡ
ˣȥŮѺɣô¶Ҷʱ˵ʲôưؽҲǱ˸ˡ
ֻǲǸоϢĻǸʲôģôˣ
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Ҷ仰ȻǲΪҪìˣһֺܺõתǰؽ͸Ͻ˵ãϾǹ
ȵؽȥ֮󣬺ʵһ飬㻹𣿡
С¶Ҳпܱɴ¶ġҶȴ˻ش
ΪڽеĹϵҶҶеĴڸУͬޣǺܲԵģԽ飬ҶҲˢһˢڸˡ
ЦҶҵĵίԱίҶƽĹӣôܹ±۸أһӵĵͷϣ
飬ǾԲģ
ΪίһĹӣ˵к绽꣬˷ˣգаŮûƷλĶ£ҲҪôҶ֪еĹٳ棬˭˵һλɣ
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ȻһҵŮѣھóίϰࡣ
ҶáܿҶʺ
ͻȻѵϰҶƽǼҵĹӣ棬ҲеԾģԭû˵Ѱ
ȻδؾģΪҶµġ


441 Ϊ
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Ҷ渹һ䣬Ȼ͸
ô쵽ˣǸΪʲôҪٱ㣿Ҷʵ
Ҷʻɵÿһۡ
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Ŷԭô¶Ҷһˡ
ʵҲܼ򵥣оϢһ˽ܣʶŮ֮еô˼
ưɣպþ͸ˣԾ˳ͻ
Ȼ򲻹ֻӴ֮󣬾ʹ־߶׽ɾ˵ίҶǼݡ
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ӿ϶ҪúάģҶ룬Ͷ˵¶ꡣ
ȻֻͷԷ־־ֳؽ˵ǰϸ¼һ£Ҫ׷Ρ
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ǸʲôģǣϵȨı˽ʹɲ֮ܲԩҴʡʥί͹ίᣬо顣Ҷ˵Ҫץߵġ
ûǸؽػش
Ҳֻɲѣ˼һȻᣬȴҲǸɲˣһоֵˣȷʵ˻Ҷô˵ؽҲֻбʾ
Ȼ˵ҶҶһĻ־ҲܹȻ֣һ¶ùĻЩС
û㶯֣߶ü¼ˡҶ˰ֵץ˵飬Լȥ
ؽ֮󣬲Ƿһ˵ǲͺã˵飬С㰮ô֣ôȥɣҵˡ
ˣ֪İɣҶȻתͷʵ
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Ǳܲ¶ҲЩ취ģҲ˸һоҪְϢȻڲûжˣҪеԽԽˡ
󣬻ߵ˼֮žͻΪоһȽӴĻôΪĻǨĻ϶ҲǷǳġ
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𣿡һԵĺ粻£ЩɵҶ
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Ͱؽ˵ˣΪղŴҶУ˶ܵŨŨɱ
Ȼ֪ҶΪʲôôСһ鶯ɱǶûбҪȰҶʲôˣʡŭתƵԼϡ
ôɣҲеˣΪԼ飬һսǿɾͺÿˡ
ġҶ̬һļᶨ
Ҷһιûдʲô֣Ȼ˵ͷ׻л˶Ǹ֣ץһССĸɲеСˡ
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ҶΣо쵼˵һĻ鲻˽𣿺α˴£ؽʵǲӦҶҪȻ˵뿼ίҶƽòҶ飬ȷʵеΪˡ
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ڵĹؼǣͶҶжˡ
ڰؽԥʱҶ˵һ䣬ɲữϵͳҪǰͷһʮĻ˵ܾ͸ˣҽҰֿһ£һЩľϵͳɲѡһλֳһƶϵĸĸһҲΰķչ
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ؽм֣ô֪һ¾˾վ˳޷˵رʾ̾ǹȥסģҶΣ飬Դȥһ˶ɡҶ˵öԣִ֪ڸӶӣĺȺ֮Ϊһḻľ죬бҪ֮Է
˵֮󣬻ԼؿϺݺݵ£Ͳûָ컭صҶʾҶָʹˡ


442 һһ
ܺáҶǳοؿŰؽ˵ŵУҪؾµɲ԰ؾֵһ̨ǺбҪġ
ؽ֮󣬶ʱеѪڵĸо
һǻ쵽йٳϲˣϾĹԱҲͲǺܶˣһԼŲʮ꣬һܹ˳ϵоֳָλãôԼǰ;ҲһƬġ
ܹ֮ΪɲҲʮ
ʱɹ˿أתطְҲкܶλÿѡء
˵ҶƽҪиĻԼĿҲǴڵģʮϵһ붼˾٣ڸ
ҶΣʲôʱؽղŻЩ£ʱȴѾеȲˡ
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ؽǿǵһ㣬Բ¶˾ģҪҶƴһˡ
ܵõǵ˵֮жɣҶش
ҶηģǵĶ飬֮սս֮ʤĶ飬ʱԳؽһϵûк̾ؿڱ̬
ڷ־ֵĻսؽһֱץıȽϽҲҶƽ֮ǰͬ־ͶĽеĸɲ飬ʹӲģˮֻǼ
ҲΪԭҶƽûд󶯸ɲ飬һΪ˾״̬չãʱûбҪɲҵĹòģûбҪΪ˶ɲɲʵûʲôô
ֻǹһ࣬ҶƽλҲȵˣҶ;ãбҪһɲˣĻίǵȨԣ֣
ɲĻҲûа취ԼţԼ
ֻʮӲ־ֵ̾Ӿȫװװ
Ҷлкǳȥһ£;ðؽ黹һѺ֣֧龫磬ɱڣ⿴ƣܹһֺıϵĸо
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ΪѵģоֵɡҶش
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һλص飬ȻһΣȴһϣеڴӵĸо
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ϣ沢Ǻܸˡ
ھưҵӣֱҪѻķζըˣǲʶ˵Ҳˣƫƫ軹ϵҪ
е˼ģҲԼΣԴ˷ӦܵеЩģԼ˵ӦŮΧԼתŶԵģгĹӣиݣоֿȵĵλ棬ʲôŮҲ
ʹȥˣҪȻĶ֣ͱ˳
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һţһ£Ȼǰеˡ


443 Ȼذ
ʮ̾ԱŶ룬е΢ָŻԴ
Ա˹һӾͰѻѹ˴ϣסԴ޷
ŮӶʱӴ
飬˭ᱻŵģҼڱһ壬ôɵһ̱ڴϡ
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Դذţǿܹ˵ģੲݵǿԼݡ
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ֻǻҲܺ棬ʲôô󵨣ȻܵԼ棬һȺǹָԼԴ⵽ô¶
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Ȼ˵椶Ƕһڼ棬ƾʲô¶
ٷϻץ㻹˭ӣһ£˺һ͸ˡ
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һ۴Σʱ¶һı顣
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һ߰ɣʡϢ©ؽͷͬˡ
Ȼ˵ҶԲ»ƸгΪ־־ֳбҪܵͿ̬ûץϢһЩ¶ȥĻԼ߶ҲܹиʱӦ䡣
˵Ѳһ»ķ䣬ǷһЩջ
ȻҶûָʹôǼȻѾץˣǾǳ˺ˣܹķѲ鵽ʲôΥƷĻҲΪԼԿƸгһЩˡ
԰ؽһ־µָʾһ飬Ѳ鷿䣬ϸһЩ
ŮӴ·ȻҲס͡
ǻʱͻȻȻ޷˵ҲŨصıȻѾϳ˰ؽֻǲ֪ΪʲôؽͻȻҪѲҵķ䣿
ؽʱ֣ҲȥֻǵȺ˵Ѳ
Ѫǰ˵һӶƷȻǿƽˣǸһľ飬϶ٲֶٻղصĶƷ
ĻôҲ൱ᡣ
ȻѾ˻Ƽңôؽûʲô˼ˣôʰôʰȫùʲôӲӵ飬ЩѾǳˡ
ŭؿŰؽȻ˿ڣ˵ⲢóŭĿ⣬ضŰؽ
İؽȻץңг˷ŭҲɻ
ϵʱȥץʱ򣬰ؽ֪ģҺܸӣô͹ôһӣؽȻ͵ͷһˣ
ѵ˵ǸҶƽݣ
ʱӿһַǳõ뷨һĻǿɾе鷳ˡ
ӻƽǸгҲû볣ίĸгѣеĺ˵Ͳõģô˼ҶƽҶǱȣ
Ҫ֪˼ҶƽίԱִɱȨĵһˣ
ǾΪ飬ҲûбҪô˺ɣ
ǺܿģɫͷˣȻ뵽˷ԼеһЩЩһ˰ؽУɾ鷳ˡ
뵽һ㣬Ϳʼص
ôôʶʱ񣿡ؽŤͷ˻һۣɵüͷԱ߶һ̾Ա˵
ǡ̾ԱӦһһֵ˻ĺ󾱴
ֻǰһڣ̾ͻ˹ȥ
徲ˡؽͷ˵
˴Լʮ֮󣬶ԱǷ׷׻ˡ
ؾ֣˰ٿңѵСӻһԱ㱨˵
Ǻ¶ٿˣϴˣɵòؽͷ
һԱԵø˷һЩؾ֣Ƿʲô
ʲô϶Ǻ¶¡ؽһԱǵ飬ҲǾΪ֮һ񣬲ɵùеѯʵ
ڻ߶ֵԽ࣬ϵѹԽС
ƽȻǸгƼȻв쵼ֻҪϵأôԱʱȥŴ־־ֳ
˵ˣƼʵҲףؽǱеһǹѣûͷȥƼҵĶŵ顣
ؾ֣鷿棬Ƿ˺ܶĵ¼ǩд¹شûиҿ
Ŷʲôؽֽӹһ¼һ±ıǩɫʱͱˣܳôİɣȻǼίίģ
Ҳ¼ʲôֻƾעֺʱصȼժҪؽܹȷһذˣ
¶оֶҲˡؽЩ̴֮󶨣һӵ֤նӣ
ǣһӦŻŮô֤ѸٳС
ʱСıŷеԾһȺ̾סլ¥г˳ƺץˡ
ҲûеǰЦ˼Ҷ΢أ
ſ˩ŵǹİˣʱ
Ҷл񣬻кˣʱڰؽİ칫棬Ȳ
ѽˣʮˣҵȻؼ˯ˡ翴һǽϵĹӣʱԹһ绹иأҪǶźȦȥμӣӰ಻ã
ΪҶƽ飬ͬʱ縺ŷĹڳϯһЩ̲μӵĻʱ羭ͬҶƽֵģĹɲǶ˲赹ˮô򵥡
ҲΪԭԺزŻƼóҶƽ飬Ϊʽ鼶ȽϿģĻҲûбҪô
ҶҴùϵȻҪҪһʡί鳤ԼȥѾߣҲûҪϾػǺҪһˣڰô޳ܡ
Ȼȥˣ߶Ҳûʲô顣ҶͷȻʵҪҪ㣿
Ͷ٣Լġش
ˣҶǰ¥˳֮󣬲Ż
ûеȵҶ¥ؽѾɱˣʱʮ½˻ʱԺӸˡ
úܿ찡ж˳ҶʱЦ
ؽӳҶȻȺԺ棬ҲɵóһȻ˹˵ҶֳѾץˣһشİ鷢֣
ŶȷذҶҲǳһʱȻˡ
ʵǣЩԱǵĺܶసӣֵ֮󣬲ŷ鲻򵥵ġ
ҵȻֻı󣬱ˣ⵱Ȼһ¶ˡ


444 Ӧеİ
൱شİ飡ؽش
һ֣˽Ǹ˽ȥȻҶ˵ҶֳЩĵ¼ûиҿݡ
ŶҶˣʱһ㶣ȻͷӦˡ
Щĵ¼ʲôģǱȽеĶ԰ؽֻ˻ûиҲ鿴еݣϾеʱ֪һЩԼкô
ˣȥ˵ɡҶ˵ͷ
Ҷ˷־ִ¥֮ҶͿʼ鿴Щĵ¼оһЩʲôȻðؽ˼ɵ
ҶֳȥһŮģšؽǺעӣԼţ뿪ˡ
ؾֵǸ˲ţ֪ʲô¶ҶЩ˵
лǽ˵оֵ۾棬ûʲôǲܿġ
٣˵ĵҲûҶЦЦ
ŮѾҶ򷢻ȥˣʱ칫ʣҶл˶оֵˣͷĿûʲôܿĶ
⡭ϣʵġҶõЩ¼֮Ҳע⿴һ·ıעɵõһǽеίίǸһˡ
ûҶǵģлǺܺ淭š
ĵ¼һʮಿЩ棬дǺü˵֣ȻΪ˷ռһģѼĵصҲȽϼУ󲿷ֶڵļӴָƵ꣬мĴƵꡣ
лһ֮󣬵ûзֹҶƽļ¼
ҪеĻˡҶȴǵرʾ
ίԱ˭
ĳĻôŵ˴ϵ£ʲôʲôְ񣬶Ҫгͷһˣ˵ԴģҪһˡ
ڹ⣬ҲйƵ˵ͳɵˮ¼
1972ͳѡУΪȡڲѡ鱨ɾѡӵϯȫʹˣλڻʢˮŴõȫίԱ칫ңڰװ͵йļʱ
¼һڸǿѣһļУ˱½ҷֱ漰ɱˣӶصܷΣ
رҪɽˮ¼йص֤ݡ
Ҫ˾⿼˹ְ
ɭܾͳҪ漴ְ˾˾Ҳܾرٶְ˾Ϊ˾ŴӦر١
ɸԱFBIرټ˾١γİ칫ңϳر֣Ѵ˰ĵȨƻ˾
ȨάԼָ
ԺɸԺ˾ίԱḺ顢Ѽɵ֤˾ίԱ뵯йصȫ֤ݣ½ͨɵ
ŹְӶΪʷλŴְͳ
Ҷлһ̨¼Ŵ˽ȥȻʼ鿴еݣһ̣ݶͬıǩġ
ֻЩ棬ȷʵҲ˵ĳЩίίƽУе̫עԼˣֶȥĻԶǳš
ȥòȻءл޼˵
Ҷһûо˵ʲô
ʵϣΪϸߵ쵼ٻΪⱻȥģ̫̬ˣ޷ˣпܳ¶
νȸ˵ǣֻѡ
ֿ˼̴ӣʵ֮ҶŽЩ´װһֻ档
¹Ȼ¹شЩ˵Ƕʱը
ҶɫȴԵòɣЩء
Ϊ߼ӶΪһߣҲһҶл˵Щ飬ǿȥȴ˵Ǳ˷˵ĻǾ鷳ˡ
⼸̨в̧ͷļ󣬶ĵĸ»ҲʹּΪüڻ㵱УҲֹ͵ı˴˽֡
ͬ־ֻǿ⣬ǵĸɲгּĻζֵ֡Ҷ˵ȻûҲûбҪȥίίǣ¶һиԴġ
׷Դлʵ
¶Ҫ׷Ļ϶ҪͷģǺʵġ
һ⼸¼ͿͷأлǸеЩģȻоִһЩӣȡ飬ȴûվЩӦĳЩȨĸо
¶׷СҶش漰˼еίί¶ܴ»СС»𣿡
ʵϣЩҶҲѱ©ȥ
ϾϲμжĿʮ˵ģ˭Ҳ޷֤ûĳЩ˽Ϣй¶ȥ˵Ķȥ
Ҷ׷µĻôɵĿ꣬ɾҪתƵҶҵͷˣ¶µģȴҲ޷ųǽ֤УҪҪЮ˵Ŀԡ
ԣվĸϣҶ뽫¸
ЩӣúˣҲܻһݶ顣ҶȻЦ
Ŷл룬ͷ˵еľǻӱȽ϶ֶ࣬
ŵĺöһ£ԲԼҶش
ʵҲǺ飬κһλίίԣԼĲ¼˸ŪˣǷǳΣյģܻ
ǴʱҶҷ飬ҽͻظһݶˣǵʱҶҲȡرҲᱻԷ棬ʵʱͨķʽ
Ů֮飬治ʲô¶ҶָпһȻˣЩ䵽ĳЩ˵棬ܾܿͻᵼһЩҷǲõġ
ҶлҲһЩ棬ʲôָʾأ
˵׻ƽҲôӵѵ˵飿Ϊʡ쵼ɲҶҲθ־Ȼ˵¡
΢ϼһ£ЩԼУҲǲʵģҶ˵ҪٿһίˣȰЩˣȻٿھ⡣
ͺáлش
ҶȸҶƽ绰ͨһ£ͽӵ˺ĵ绰
ôˣѾؼ𣿡Ҷʵ
٣˵һЩ¼ڵ绰еԵһЩȻûҸģ
Ҷɵÿлһۣ˵־ֹȻ鶼̾й¶ˣǿסЦŻشӦеİɡ


445 ¶
ô˵ؿԼãеŵʵ
˵ǸղŰؽ˸绰ز֪顣
Ȼ˵ؽҲ֪¶ҴҲʱӵ̾Уδؾûпڷ粻ˣ¶Ҫȥġ
ñ˴ȥ飬Լ¶ȥٻú˽⵽Լݣڹؼʱ򣬻ǿסġ
˵¶ҪһЩҪҶٿίᣬδ顣˵绰ش
Ŷˣʱͷô˵ĻӦзݶˡ
νڣȻҶǴϵˣôҲͲʮЦٲˣҶȷģʱٿίᣬԼԼĴȥԴϲҲǳ׽顣
Ȼˣôؾ;ԼҲûбҪ죬ȥЩӵΡ
ôĴӣǾòܽʵ
Ȼ˵磬Ƿ飬úеܲʹ졣
ٳ棬Ѳģһ㶼ϲ̨ģҲû˻˵ʲôذ˰ֵ㲻ͲҪˡ
ǱȽϵ飬ϣܹеݣ˳²һ£Էʲô·
ȥҶˡеʹ˵
ҹȥ㡣ػش
֪϶סģǼµĳίǣò˶þͻ½֪ģԺûбҪʱȥͬҶӴ»ʲôҪ鷳
ڶʮˡЩƵͷ
մǱ߶ͱش¸ϹȥҶˣҪЦһ֪ʲôԭ򣬺绹ǲϣԼҶġ
ȻҲȷʵеȽϹУغò׵˸ʡλϣֿҶңǰ;õʱΪЩʧֵĻȷʵź
˾ȥ˵ת;òʣԼȥˡ
زûпԼĳǿ˺ĳӡ
ӵ˷־߶ʱ򣬾ͷȻǵƻͨ
ôֻˣ߽ҶʱȻ
ԼҲе˼Ͼߣģ¶治˵
˵һЩӡ˵
ô֪¶ˣҶʵ
ؽ˵¡ش
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ϢǲزסؽҲ֪˵¶µķ治Ұγоֵĸֳ
оֳָλãʵҲܹؼģҶƽ϶ҪһԼȥȻ˵ҶʾԿǰؽǴڵؽȻеģǲܹܺͣҲǲеġ
ͿҶ뷨˵ҼݰѵҸ磿ݣҲûп
Ҷû˵ʵ㲻ҪʳԶ˰ɣֳ飬Ӧġ
ҴӦǴӦˣǻб仯ġҶʾ
쵼˵Ļܹ
Ȼǲܵġ
ҪǸ쵼Ǿ⼷쵼ˣԺкӹ˵ǾԲġ
ˣʱ˸۶֪ؽΪص飬ܾܿͰֿɵõһǨûˡ
Ҳûа취飬ؽôĻؿ϶˵²ģʱҲûؽʲôùӳԡ
Ҷԣпҵˣ˵ΪؽԼݶһ
һôһ죬û׼վҶҵĶˡ
Ҷ϶ôģʡ
Ȼһ̣ؽŽˡ
ҶֳΪ˲Ϣй¶ҰѲμжĸɾڸڵĴ칫棬ֹʹͨѶߣǻලؽҶ˵ⲻǳ֮ƣ¶ǲһʵˣҪȻҲǼСʱ
ŶҶˣǰʱһ
ԭؽûаϢй¶˰ô˵ࡣ
Ҷ˿ؽʵ˺鳤ûб֪ˣ
Ҹֲ죬ΪɶҪǣؽεͷ鳤ұ磬ܲܲ˵һҪȻԺû취Ŷˡ
ţ֪ˣ㿴ǾǣϲжģļӰѣʷ֤Ҷ˵ò˵ȵϣ¶ܽİɡ
Ϊ԰ؽеȽ⣬ҶղŵĲ˲١
ֻҪǰؽûͷԵ˾УղֻŸͨ籨ţ˶˵ĹôҶĴ©ϢĻ־־ֳ͵ְ̫ˣҶԲֲλоֵĸֳ
ܹ֪չԼݣܹͬʱԼ£ʹϢɢܹҶܵġ
ţĹܽᣬƯһЩпܻõȵؽٳŵʱҶַԸһ䡣
ǡؽˣдϲ֪ҶٴҪף¾ӦȻųȥˡ
һˣ;Ҷ԰ؽ̬ȣ˲תˣȴ֪ʲô˼ղ񻹶԰ؽǳء
֪ڸʲôáֹһ䣬ȻȻˣԼѾˣҶܲ᲻Լһؽ飬ҶҲɿˣһԲҹ
ԼȥһѺ鳤ĴҶָһװļ¼Ժ˵
֮ô죿ʵ
ҶʱһۣЩƵ˵͵Ҳ֪¶𣿷Ҫ˵ź𣿡
ŶˡָסͣԼˡ
һ֮ҳ̴ӣ涼дźص֣ʱһǰģнϰһ̶
Ҷ¼ͨһ֮ȷ沢û̫⣬ͽӶ˺硣
лˣ˴ӣȻ뿪ˡ
ôˣԱ߶лʵ
ţȻܹôҶ˵վǸʡĸɲҲͶҶҵһԱɽӿ϶ҪµģõίȥĻеˣʵ缴ǲҲὫ̴Ӹġ
ֻܹ϶Ǻص˼εвʾ˺صĳ⣬ҲǷҶһ飬Ͼ˰ֶŵίϣǰĻʲôݣһǳε顣
һʱ䣬賿һӡ
ʱ䣬ǲҰֵ˯ߵġҶпһ
飬϶ҪҶƽڵһʱ֪ģҶܲǺԸ˵绰ͨҶƽֻ
һ֮ͨҶƽ˵绰
ҶƽλҶƽڵ绰˵
ϰ֣ҶˡҶش
ŶҶƽʱһ㶣Ȼ֪ҶĴ¶;ԲС¶


446 ίϵı
ʲô飿һԵѻ绰ˣԺʵ
ӵĵ绰ָʲô顣Ҷƽ˵һ˴ߵڵ鷿ȥ绰ˡ
ѻҲԺһ䣬Ȼ˯ȥˡ
ôˣϰɷҹֵشϵ飬һǲȥ͵ģԸô˯ô˯
˯һ֮ѻ;еطԾղҶƽ˵ʲôģѰ˼¶Ȼ˯ˡ
˼ӣѻڳѹˣҲ˴ܵڵ鷿
ʲô飿ⶼ賿ˡѻ۾ʵ
Ŷ˼£Ҫٿʱĳίһ£ϢˡҶƽشڴ·ʰ׼ȥίСҡ
ί¥ίԺǰͷԶôһ·߹ȥҲҪʮӵģҶƽ϶Ҫȥġ
ΪϵشҶƽҲûн˾
֪ͨίǿʱҲ⽻һ飬òҪţԼΪá
ôصشһͨ绰֮󣬳ίǵҲֹ֪ʲô飬ֻҶƽϵԴ绰϶ǲͬѰˡ
ȵԺܵС֮󣬾ͼҶƽѾˣ̣Ȼͷ۵顣
ڴҵӡУƺҶڿʱ򣬴̵ģƽʱҲټ̵ʱ
Ҷǣʲô飬ô˻д᣿гԶɽҶƽԱ߶Сѯʵ
ŶԶɽͬ־Եһ£顣Ҷƽش
˵֮䣬ҵžͱƿˡ
߽ˣǰλҿűȽ죬ԭҶƽĶҶŽһλ滹ŸӣҲе졣
λǰؽͬ־ɣҼǵһ־ֵľֳţʱϳ˰ؽݡ
Ҳѹˣ˭ûе鷳¶ҪõϽľǵģһ飬÷־ֵͬ־ȥһ£ȷʵǺܷģԴҶԼϽķ־־ֳǣ϶ȽϤһΪø˳֣һҲΪֱоֵ˲ô㣬϶Ҫ־ӵģˣֱҷ־ֵ˰¶򵥡
ҪʹоֵˣҲǲУֻҪݸо־ֳĻССһݶ顣
ؽȴǵһμôίίǣ汧ôһӣҪֱˣʵǿôһȺĸɲеȶת滹һλίԱҶƽء
ҶߵҶƽԣʱһſӡ
˼ˣʱЩΪȻǿίء
Ȼ˵ҶƽĶӣһǽʥĹίΣɲҲûʸġ
ңίίǵΣҲзǳϸĹ涨ģյίڵҶƽ϶һѽΣȻгԶɽȻԴƣʱ򣬴ҶԼλϡ
еʱ򣬳ίȱϯģҲԸԽΣռݱ˵λãⲻһֲ˵Ҳ˵ĲʾԼ
ԴҶҶƽԵĿӱʾȤҶߵǰӸǰʾ˲ΪȻ
㲻ǳȽϺҲûʸֵطŵģ˵Ҷƽˡ
еĳίᣬҶҵļͥͣ
λҽһ¡Ҷʱ˵ˡ
㲻ƽͬ־ĺǶ֪ġ˵λίίίЩֵ˵
ˣȥƺЩϴֵĸоʵȴѧҵһ·ӾսĸɲҶһ߶ϵģЩ·
Ҷƽϵͳ滹ЩҶƽίǣһֱûʲôøУֻûлʰѡ
ҲԼڳˣƺҶƽ棬ȻӦĺܺãʵʹУõͱȽ϶࣬͵ĳ
ҶûĲ죬ȻܵҶĿǰڽʥιίһְɲ
һĸɲôֵô԰ôˣͰԸ̵ǵҲеϾҶʮĸɲ
ִڽԺҲû˵ˣҲ֪ҶҾʲôֶΣȻܹʹ÷ͬ־ͽͬ־ϿҶ
ڴðǹӡ
ҽһҵһݡҶ˵
ݣҪҶȥˣ˳һҶƽŶ˵ƽͬ־СǶ֪ˡ
Ҷ¶˲õɫһ沿飬˲ӵѵ˵㲻ƽͬ־С
ͬ־עУһӣҶʱŭˡ
С󣬻ûôǹҶ
еĳίʲôֵĻ飬Ҷμӹεģÿһζû˸ô˵
ʵѾ֤ˣȡЦҶˣ̫֪ȼ̫ͣҶмȥᣬǱҶзˣ
ǰϳ¼ҺϺؼңӣһҼˣһҲϱˣ֮ͬǶ̫ѡ
ٿίίᣬ޹صӦþͿԳȥ˰ɣȴ˿ҶƽӣתͷҶƽѯʵ
˵ʱˣҲţ¶ôˣ
ҶƽԴ绰֪ͨٿίᣬȻҶƽĶҶŷ־־ֳؽ˻ңžҶƽӹȥ
⾿ôˣѵ˵гίάϵһĺƽ棬Ҫ
Щ˵ǣЩֻЩϹۣ̬졣
ҶҶƽηӦȻίԱ٣ǳίᵱУϾӦвʸ˴ڵģҲ޷ıġ
ȡҶƽɤӣȻ˵ȻЩ˲Ҷ˵ֻԽһˡ
ָָҶҶͬ־һݣоٽֳ
ʲôˣʱһ¶ŵı顣
˵ҶΪҶĳһĸɲۺ첻ѵĻ¶뻹ܹϽܵģǴʱҶƽȻ˵Ҷٽһоֵĸֳʵǰ𾪵Ըˡ
Ҫ֪ίίоίίҲһٽѡ
ҶƽȻ˵ʮĶҲȻҲٽ
޷ܵģҶһݣоֵĸֳ
λã¾ѰнۺޱȰ
оʲôطֱӶλгίİȫĻ˵еĴڱͷӣֱһ׳쵼֯ȻҶôһλֳ
ֱ̫˼ˣ
ôܣȻ֮󣬾ͷԼ
ʵϣеĳίǣϢʾصĲΡ
ҶƽίԱҲܹſڿӰɣ


447 ҶҸӵľ
ȡҶһԾе˵ҵݣǱܵģλǸϸɲίֳԱ˽⣬ǵصҲҵϣиҪһҪ
ʵѾûʲô˾ҶǼٵġ
ΪҶƽҶӣûбҪ˵ʲôٻΪ龭֤ģֻҪ΢֤һ£ܹα
ֻôһҿҶĿ⣬ͱеͬˣղ˵ֻʱҲЩɲ
ĸɲ䳰ȷҶƽĶҲһԼǶоٽֳݣеˡ
ϸ˵оֳָٽݻģٽҶľݣоֳָҶоֵݣһĹоֵľֳаһλδĻôֳԾоֵм
Ҳ֪Ҷʲô£Ȼܹõְλ
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Ҷ˵˴ʱҶԵɣԭҶ±ľץˣǳҶҪֻع
һҶĻһϢǾоϢĻʹ
ί̾Ҷ⣬ʾɣоָطǲеˣ
оֵĴͳֻ쵼İȫһŲʣȻΪȫȫͶ쵼ıУͬʱҲΪ˱鷳
ϾΪһ֧ʱר֮ȨĶ飬ǵȨǺܴģΪ˹ԲȡһбҪֶΣôȨȻҲҪƣԼ˵оֵ˻Եطָֻŵӡ
ίץסһ㣬ȻҪָʾҶΪǲϹصġ
оôչ㲻ҲûбҪо־ֳλãʸѵô顣Ҷػؾ
ʵҶоٽֳݿǷͬСɣҪ˵ԲˣǵдҲû˿ѹ
ĲһȺطԱѣǴģȨûƵһСȺˡ
ﱻҶôһǳ⣬ʱе޹⣬ǵͨ졣
˵Ǻͬ־̨ȴһλȥ쵼һֱжǷǳţƵģҲίǵݣڳίģⱾǺܲġ
ţ¶˵¶Ե鲻Ҫҳ׵Ҷƽ˵ˣȽ࣬ȻǺܸߣǺз
ղ˵עҶסˣʱűҶƽƣ˹뵽һ㣬˼ҶƽһֱƽʵֻǲԸ¶ѣҪʵĻ˼ʮĶӶѹίί̧ͷ
˵ҶƽίԱıǻõŲ²
Ҷ˵ͷȺ棬ҲֻϰҶƽʸ˵ĻΪҶӣΪίԱݣǿԹעоֳԱġ
ץͬʱ־ֵͬ־ǶסѲ顣Ҷܵ˴ĶƷͬʱҲһЩȽеĶȻжίίļ¼񡣡
ʲô
¼񣿣
˶ʱ׷Ȼ¼ĸֶԴҵӰ춼ܴгԶɽ¶˾㵵ɫȻȫû뵽顣
Ҷܲ˵ϸһЩǷǳӵģǷǳصģίίֶҲǵ͹ģǱ˵ίίоίίٽ
صسƺҶľΣѾܹڴعעˡ
ٽ˵֮ίҲ׷ױʾ˼ͬĿ
ּ¼֮󣬷־ֵͬ־Ǹе̬أǾ˻㱨Ҷ˵Ҳе̬أԾҶƽͬ־˻㱨ٿίᣬ顣
Ҫʲôί갽İһŭɶӡ
ļλίίίǵȪѣίίгïˣҲ׷ױʾǿҵǴͷ߿
¼飬ͺ׸һûаȫеѹΪ˭Ҳ֪¼ݾʲô
Ǳ緽治Ͻļλίʱ¹ײϰ£һԼĳ±¼֮ǿɾǶʱը
ֻǴʱ֤ݶ˼ҶУԼ߶һȨûУȫǱؽܣȷʵǸеʴӣ֪ҪӦһεıʡ
ίҶĻ֮ҲһȻȴû˵
ʲôˣģгƽĶӣеĵͷ߻ƼҵӵܣڵغһЩӰģļּɲһҵ֮ûãͽоϢ
չϢĸȽˮĲš
Ҫ֪⼸ϵͳϢͶ붼ȽϴϢĸҪһ㴦ҵְ쵼硣
ֻǣʲô¼֮飬Ϊʲôﶼأ
棬᲻ҲƼأ
ǵЩ⣬ҲǺ̤ʵֻղŸҶȻײʱҲٿˣпܻᱻҶһ󷢲ƺá
Ҫʲôһ¿϶ˮʯġҶ˵һǼֵģֶּͨεõν֤ݣǲܹΪ֤ݵģ˸˽
ԡ
ҶֳԼǡ
Ҷ¶Ҫô죿

˵ǳƺһˮȫˡ
ԣҲҲãʶҶҲãҶΪҶֳҶˣһǳԵı仯
Ҷƽͬ־֮󣬾ѴҵļĴӷλδλоˡҶشڻ뽻йزڸԴ׷Ρ
Ӣ
Ϊ
֮ŷһŵģͬرʾ˶ڴµ̬ȡ
ʵĵģҶƽЩУΪ룬鷳ˡ
ҶűӵİؽԴ潫Щ¼ȡǩдŵ֣Ѵӷˡ
ߵί鳤صʱԥһ£Ȼȡ̶ӣݵ˺صС
ضʱһ£̧ͷҶ


448 ֻ׵
صȻеԾΪղѾúУõԼ̴ӣѵ˵滹Ĵû
Ҷȴ΢һ۾ƺڿ⽻ʲôһ
һһͿ˴ıǩעɵֳһ
ǩϵֲί
Ҷ϶ǹΪ֮ôĿʲôضʱЩʧ񣬵ܿˣҶôɿ϶ǸղŶйϵġ
뵽һ㣬ص΢һͽǩ˺һŶװԼĿڴС
ȻҶҪļĴӣôû׼кĶֻҪͿˣ˵ҶôĿԴ
ҶŰؽһȦ֮󣬰ؽŵֽӾͿˡ
˶õдԼֱǩļĴӣעԼƵƺʱ䣬϶е׶
˵ҶƽҶ⸸ϵǱȽġ
ֶȥĻ˵һҲ쵼棬Լʧӡġ
Ҫ֪ÿһϵ棬ɲֻҪĸ߼ɲڱϵ棬ӵвپߵģһЩй¶ôԼӰ϶½ϵڲҲܵӰ졣
ôһĻߵλãҪңңˡ
ߣϵڳԱҹĻôڵλöԱ棬Ͼеĳίǳ쵼˺ݶӣۺ˶ء
ڽϣҾûǳҶƽҶӵһ顣
ôûҵģίеƶЩίյ̼¼гԶɽյһ̼¼ôԼﷴûأ
Ҷƽûյԭ򣬿ΪеʱȽ϶̣Ҽֳίķ̫Ҷƽı̫ҶƽⷽȷʵûʲôѱԼûⷽ⣬Ǻġ
˵Ҷõ˴ӣȴֿտյʱеżˣ˵ĪǸղ֮ҶƽҶӶвҶ¼ˣ
ֿȫǴڵģżͲɵ˳
ôһ˵ҵĿ⣬ʱͶеϡ
ôûдӣ
˼ί
£١
Ȼ˶˽Ǳ˴֮ĽȴеĲΡ
˭˻ôĵӣȻҼίίǣӸгƽûģôһ룬ҲǸίŶԡ
ҿĿ⣬ɾͲôˡ
ƫƫﱾ˵¶ȴûⷽ룬ֻǾûĴ棬пҲԼݣΪע⵽Ա߶λίĴ¼ĵص㣬Ҳ˵ĸߵ
ںӱ߶ߣܲʪЬҲǴġ
ֱΪҶ϶Ϊղŵ飬ⲻϰѴӸпܻΪѹԼ
飬ǷǳģӦûԼĴӣԲܹҶıóѡ
Ҷͬ־˵ίǶдҵһݶʱҲ˲ŴҶһҪԼĴӲؼġ
˭֪ҶתͶ԰ؽ˵ؾ֣ôҿǷж
ؽȻ֪ҶʲôǺؽӵڳ¶˺ü£Ȼ˵λ쵼ѾûжˣеĴӶȥˡ
ôܣʾţվܹӰؽУӹֻֽӣ¶˶ȥ˼飬Ȼûж
ʱ֪˵ʲôΪã
갽״и˶Ļɣɵһͬ־߷ڣ
ίҲǳô˵չȥģ飬϶оϢùᣬĳЩطװ͵豸õ˳ίǵ˽ϡ
飬ѵûпְŵ𣿷ôôĵӣ
ίίоίίٽҲһ䳰ȷ˵ǵȻܸɣίǵôǸõǵ𣿡
ղҺͰؾݵʱ򣬾ûзֹͬ־ݡ룬ڽ췢ֵЩ棬Ӧøͬ־ûйϵġҶǲرʾһ㣬ؾҲ֤ͬ־Ͻúܡ
ؽˣеͿǵҶЩװ֮󣬽ܵʱƺӦĴӵģôͲˣ
һӣ¼ʲôĶģҶûжֽţиеһ˿ɻ
ǼȻҶô˵ˣȻҪ֧Ҷ˵ǰؽͷʾҶֳ˵ûȷʵûйǵϡ
֮ЩɣȻִҿĿⶼЩˣƽʱļϵĳίǣĿҲ¶һ־ɫɵһ֪Լʲô⡣
Ҷмģƫƫί쵼ϵͳûмĵĻ˵ʲôأ
˵ھϵͳӰٹ̣û˸ҸĺڲϣǰһǾеˡ
ûзǵļ¼ԭ򣬻᲻Ϊ飬ʵһְȥɻȥأֿԣǴڵİ
ίǶ뷨ĻôǽԴ̬ȣֻʲôأ
߾ǵжԣֿԶǴڵġ
Ҷֽ̧֮ǰﲢûиҶйͻҲҶ֮ǰĴӣӵ˵ͨģΪ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
⾿أȻееûڣղԼʲô˵ĻҲڵҪһЩڴҶæſԼĶʱ򣬲ע⵽顣
Ȼڣˣе˶лɣʵġ
ŴҶ˻ɣǺżġ
ҶƽҲӦεģԾ˵ȻҶõˣǾ͸ظҰɣҿоȥɣ飬ѾоԶ참ˡ
ҿҶͬ־ΣŵùġгԶɽҲԱ߶
̵õ˳ίǵͬȻҶѾ˴һӣôٻ˴Ļû׼ʲôӣ罻ҶȥΪá
Ǿɢ˰ɡҶƽɢᡣ
ȻеӦı仯
ڳŵʱ򣬻˵һ䣬ǵ綼Ͻʵֻ֤˼ǲ׵ġ


449 ż¼
㡭һѪ
⻰ʵɱ̫ˣˡ
Ϊ⻰Ͳûָıӣ˵¶ģҰİȻҼĳίˣҪʲô۵Ȩ
ǱҶץ˻ĻЩ¼ɾͶ˶ʱըˣ֪ʲôʱͻᱬը
뵽صĲɿغ˿ɫЩͬ顣
ʲô㣬ǲ𻹶㲻𰡣һһ˦ͳˡ
ôһ֣Ҷûʲô˼ˣɢ
ߵеȵҶƽҶӳȻߵһ
̶ôҶѯʵ
ΪѾҶԺûҶƽֱҶ
յͿˡҶش
ֿ˿ҶƽҶƽҲͷǾߵ·߶˳ֽ¼ĴŴ˳ѳһѣȻӿڴͳһݸҶƽһԼһϻȻôǶѴŴȼ
һִ̱ǵζʱһ̵Ĺ򲻵̴ѾΪҽ
ҶýŲһǶѻҽеļϸСĽȻЬײ˼£øһЩ
ٵֶ̾ΪֹǳˡЩп˵
ʱѾȫͨˣҶͻȻôһֶǿӿˡ
Ҷյ˴ӣƫƫûУ飬ôܲ˻ɣ
Ϊίίίǣһĸˣ⣬ҪֵͷϣҲеġ
ҲΪҪǲҵĻõſһ𣿡Ҷشң¶ô¶ڻ˵
ٵ˼˵ϣﻹɵģʵ
˵Ҷȴǲ϶ིˡ
ʵϣľٶҶҲеԡ
ǳļһ֣ҶǴҶƽ棬ίÿ˵̸ģȻѴӽǣݶʵڡ
ôĻȻڱ˴˵鶼лɣҲȷԷһҲ᷸ͬĴôһҲǽί֮ĹϵһЩҶƽ˶ԣȷʵһ£ֻίǵĺ顣
Ŀ˺ͲѺ̬ȣŭҶҶһ£;Լԭȵ뷨еˣʩһвĳͷ񣬸ӻһЩ
ҶһĴתָ˺أ̾ͽӳίмˣ˿ۼȻЧˡ
ڴҶΪ¶ģȻҪĿɳˣǰϵҲǾԶ֮ҲųЩ˺ǣҪӴһ
Ͼû⣬Ͳ˵ˣ飬ҶҲ޷һȷĽۡ
˵¶ˣȻؼ˯ҶƽԴ˵ûʲô̬ȡ
Ӧһ֮Լĳӡ
Ҷָ־־ֳؽ䣬ȻҶƽ˵Ҷǣؾһ˹ģҪָпһ򣬽һλᣬŪоֳɣרץҵ񡣡
Ҷƽ˿ӣ˵ͷԡ
ȻҶƽİؽļһ䣬úøɣ
ؽҶƽôһģĵ˰ίԱ
ҶǣǱ֤񣡡ؽҲ֪˵ʲôˣôһ仰
ҶһЦ⻰Ҳ˵ùȥ
ȵ˼֮Ѿ賿ĵˡ
һϣǹڵġҶƽ˸Ƿ˿˯һ
ʱҶƽѾ˯⡣
ίίǵ¼͸¶Ź죬ҶƽҲһЩ⣬˵Ѿ˱¼ĳίǣ浽һЩҪ֮УôйزŲȡһЩҪļжʲôϡ¶
ִؼί鳣ίȷʵܲ˵Ϊ϶һַ
ҶƽҪǵ⣬󷢽ͳĻܹԼʲôӰ죿
Ҿã¶ԵûзҶԼ
Ҷƽ˵ͷҶ˵ĺе
ʱҪ׷ȥĻóίΣģôԵģܾܿҶƽˡ
´²ôҵìͷͶָί
ʲôͷȥҶʵ
Ǻͬ־εģ˵ĳλ˧ϵУֿ˽ͬ־һϵôڣҪΪλг׼Ҷƽش
ƶ̫ӵҶĥһº˵
ǺǡҶƽʱЦ˵ƺҲû͵̫ӵڻ治ˣҲƫˣûжٻˡ
Ҷƽ˵ò䣬ѾʮˣһץסᣬϵλãôԺλĿҲͲˣϾһֱ쵼ɲữ顣
ڵٹĻʮʡĻԺҲûжϣˡ
мڴˣļȻǿġ
ҲܳΪҶҶŸɵɣ˲ˬˣȻҲѹģҶֲǳسġҶ˵
һжǹݵġҶƽȴ˵¼ﱻίǸˣҿһһҲûˣתȥĵطչǱĵطҲͬǳңܹλϣ˸㡣
ԭҲû뷨ֻҪƣôҶĴмҶ͵Ϊôһ֣ѹˣҪÿ˶ֺõĿԲ練֮Ǹ˸ͻһ¡
ԣͰĶ˺أһж湻ġҶƽЦ
翴ˣҶʵ
ǵˣúҵ飬ܲ涼ɣҶƽ˵㷢ʱû¶ͺעһǵı飬ؼüŪۣҲҿˡ
㿴ûйϵûСҶЦ˵
ʵϣλøصλ֮ӾǣûпҶ֮Ļ϶ỳɵҶ֮䣬ֽš
ҲͿԽͣΪʲô˶дӣˡסˡ
֮ܶһı仯ǳϵġ
粻ＱڳίϱԼҪλĻҲȥ̼Ҷûд̼ҶĻҶҲܻ뵽ֶͨΣڳίϹ
飬ﶼ˵ܣοգ
Ҫ֪ҶɲʲôŮҪĳ˵Ļ߶пܵģ˵˳ˣһ飬п˵ˣؼ⣬߿࣬ҲҸ
ڵĳίǣǺüԣ˭һյĶߣ


450 ̨ҲҪ
ұҶСӸˣ޺޵ԼĴ˵
ʱŷӦԼΪҶƽҶ񣬲ҶıͨĴһ£Լӳίм
ҪһʵǺܼ򵥵ģΪڳĳίǣеõһ̴ӣеõ̴ӣеõ̴ӡ
ί棬϶Ҷƽ˶֧ߵģ˵ί鳤أ˵ҶԭĴӣ˶УԷ϶ֻ֨ĵ
ôһͿԴﵽá
̫ˣȻ˿ңһ뵽飬ͺ޵
гԶɽ͵Ȼشѡʱԡ
Щ⣬Զɽ˵ҶƽٿίݶͶ䳰ȷ浱Ҷǰ費ɣ
ˣеڣǴʱҲ޼ˡ
ҶҵҶͬ־޵ģͬ־ܿʲô𣬾Ȼ͸ҶСУԶɽߵҶˣ϶ܣǰϳ¼ˣϺؼҲˣίǣѵԼ˽ͬ־ܹӲҶˣɣ
Զɽ˵Ļܲ˵ǺֱӵشǴʱ棬ȴ˲Թ޵뷨ʵԶɽô˵ĲǣѾǺܸˡ
һʧˣҪչԼǿƵһˣȴû뵽Ҷ˾ˣϬҶƽĶӶ޷⣬ʲôʵȥԿҶƽ뷨ֱǳ˵Ρ
һΣҿܻȥʡʡίǡԶɽ̾˿Щϧض˵ԭϣгһְģǾôһ֣ί滹˭Ը֧㣿ôֱԾĹ
¶治Ҹġһ¶ʱûƢһŶ𣬾Ƿĳί飬ҲûǸ
Ƿóʺǽʵʵؿ۵ͷˡԶɽָ˭㸺һĹ˭ôҶ֪εģ˭ýϴҶ쵽˴ӣƫƫûУңһỳֱʣ
ǱҶˡһ뵽ĺʱˡ
Զɽ˿ҲߵģԶɽԼеˣٿ;Լ˵Ǳǿܶˡ
ͬ־ǵλãӦԶɽˡ
ĻίԱܲģԶɽҲܹΪ͹쵼ˣϧ㲻㣬Ҷƽճõ˸ͬȻһ֣飬ƶеĸĸ￪ŴҵĿĶ
ĽԶɽȻòˬҲûʲôƢϾ˼Ҷҵٹ̣ȷʵܹסӣһֱûиɳĳɼάֶѣò쵼ĿҲ֮С
ֻҶƽͲʮֻ꣬ʹ뿪ʮ֮ĻԶɽͿɾͺܳˣĿ΢΢
Զɽֻ˶Σ֮תʡίǵϣȡһǣԴΪ쵼㣬ҲðĴˣǽҲã߽ԺиɸҲգϼѡҲܹ˴Эְ֮ǰѸ
֮£ɾͲˣ˽ͬ־һϵǴΪʱƫƫֳ¼˵ǰ;ȫˣеĻʲô³
ҪЧԶɽ߳չĿԣҲǺܴ
һԭ쵼ʱѾ˵ˣһԭǽͬ־ڼֶֽεʹģ֪ĻֱӾͰһߣף¼ˡ
תһ룬飬ҹƶԸţӲãﻹһЩģؼҪʡǷкʵλá
Ҫ뿪飬Ҳûа취Զɽ˵ҸʵĻᣬֳίᣬôҶзɣȻԴΪ̶ɣ
ԶɽĽ֮Լ˼һӣڵ˵ͷ
ڵԶɽĽ߿ɲԵĽ飬֮⣬
ҶƽʱȨҶ
ûеȵҶȥ˷־֣ڷ־־ֳؽͬ£־֣ȡɾѶĽ
еģؽҶһЩ飬˵ٵľʲôġ
ҶҲǵȵЩǣ뵽һٳʣͶ԰ؽ˽ӱ壬ӶĴ峤£ڼӹԼ߶ĺӵ̣Ĵ峤ǸܷӣϼάʽŲˣԴȡ
һ죬ˮˣ߶ˣǺĴ峤ʹڿգսһߣ̨ɷãϼ֣󣬺峤й
ͬӵһ߶ӵι̵ĺӶ壬ȴɶ¶ûз峤ԾǴ峤
ҲǹٳͨҶֻȥȻģȴǵ÷ġ
أû˷ˣҶһŶ˼ȻȥȻ𡣡
ؽ֮򣬡Ŷ飬͸ͷöǸе񰡡Ǹ棬ҲǾȻйǰʾˣȴѻˡվȱⷽԣиߵĳɾ͡
ôһ˵ҶЦվֻǹٳЦˡ
ҪҪߣؼҪġҶض԰ؽ˵Уʮ굱УֻҪ£еΰˣͲҪĻ䵽Ӷ峤ִһ㣬ܹ֤ġ
ؽˣЩԼాôЩ꣬ˡ
ȻҵԶ磬ǱϾʵޣҪҲô׵ġ
Ҷƽͬ˼ίԱίǣ˳һ֣Ҫһ°ؽȻǷǳ򵥵飬һ·εʡλϣҲǰ첻顣
ȻˣҶԣ˼ΪʲôҪأ
ҶƽڵҪľͨ˺ͣ÷չΪϵͳһĹҪľΪ÷չݻ
ؽܹˣôҶƽĺ̨ϰ塣
ʵڹٳϻģ̨ȻҪͬҲҪȻֻһֿĶÿһϰ壬ϣԼһЩֵεԼġҶ˵ٳûʶǲеġ
ؽ֮ͱ̬άΰǵְҶֳģҰؽ۵ǸλϣμԼּá
Ҷ˵ͷãǱȽϿķչģҲ飬϶ܲ˵ģһεİúãίϵҲ㵱оֳָ飬ǱȽаյġ
Ǿ̫ˣȫҶֳҶˡؽ⻰ʱϲ⡣


451 ᲻ƨĵȣ
ʵӲͷڱ֮¾Ȼҧڡ
ҶеЩ죬ԭΪǸӵܶѣͳԲסţСʱļˣû뵽ⶼʮСʱˣȻûн⡣
ؾ֣ӲɰǵĲҪһˡҶûϽԭ޷Ǿ֣һԼǸʡɲƼеıӰڶڻı󣬻ҲһɱȽӴܹס
ԭ򣬻Żҧ˲ڣΪϣû
ŻǻŻƽܹ棬̳ȥɣؽһЩԭ򣬾ֿҪһЩ
ô˵ƽҲǱĴ鵱ظɲУҲųƽҲԼϵԻ׻ڴġ
ʵЩ飬˵ˣȦ˶ν̹״ӿεܴϣؼҹ꣬ҧ˲¶Էûа취ڣҲǺͷ۵飬û׼Ͳ֮ˡ
ƽͨϵ´һ߾ܹѻ̳
Ҫ֪ıɱиְҲ꣬飬ֲҲβʲô
ˣǾͲҪϻˡҶ˰ֵԲض200ɣϢұʾίѾͨһϴдٴİӣȡһִ̡֮
⻰𣿡ȻؽҲΪҶĿַҲģΪоֵĸһ׳ҲŻ
ʵһоֳָԶ죬ί߶վˣѵųҶЦһµ
еίԱ˵ˣǸϵʲôؽ֮΢ĥһ£ʱǰһҶ취ֵһԡ
һˣܲϣԼģȻҲ⡣
ȰϾ֮󣬻ȻûʲôǿȥôҲͲ̫Զˡ
Ҷĵ绰һȴϴҶ
϶Ƶɣܰпնһ棬˼ҲˡҶٶҶ˵
ҶĶͷ˵鶼һ
һҶҲǺбҪģһΪܰ˺ӵ飬ҶΪͷʹҶø⣬һǷͬ־ҪˣҶҪҶһ߻һ£һ͵Ӫա
ֻԼڻڷ־򣬶Ż飬ôһ뿪ĻͶһţǣҪ׷׳ˡ
⿿ؽ϶ǿסЩ˵ѹģҶҲЩԥ
ȻҶתһ룬ԼߣЩҲҷ׷׸ˮ棬ûнſֽţʲô˻ἱ͵Ȼƽϡ
ҶͶ԰ؽԸһؽ֮ᣬʾһ
Ҷ뿪˷־ֱ֣ȥƵꡣ
ܿڴҵҶī˼꣬һλȽĸŮӣҲǴīͷϻһñ
Ҷ֮󣬲ɵЦ
īӰñǵı׼װʵôĺǣߵ˼Ҷ࿴ۣҲ˵Ǹߵǵ͵ˡ
϶ĲҶҶЦվӵһ£Ȼ˵ǹŲʮӡ
ҸպþڸԺܿ졣Ҷ˿˼꣬˸кȻֿ˿λĸŮӣЦ˵λСɣĸ衣
ܰҲҶͷȻûмҶҶҶҶٵ֪λҶҵ̳ˣҲǺ
ҶȻȦǳվû;ԸӰҪС˺ܶ࣬ԶҶ
ȻˣֵܸиȦӣǲܻΪһ̸˵ҶȦĻû֪ϼ
٣ûд¸裿˼Ҷ֮󣬾Щĵʵ
æúܣǸġҶ˵ĶǴ£飬ֻǸ˵ʱżһ°ˣôܿԷ
˼ˣȻЩʧı顣
ҶˣͶҶ˵˾Ҳ˲¸оǵķǺʺ˼꣬дЩȽϺãʱĻٸ㼸׳ϵĸҲһרˡ
Ҷ˿˼ֻ꣬СѾͷһϣԼҲ˵Ū͵ͷһӰɣҪæŽӴͬ־飬Ҳ֪ġ
Ӷ𣿡ҶһʱҲȽ
һ뷽ͬ־Ӳ칤ԿҶҵҶƽִȫɼһչʾҶҵ£ǳġ
˵ҶүӺͶүȻԶھǣҲδ绰ѯˣΪ˰ѹʵˣ÷ͬ־ܹе±仯
ңһηͬ־ҪӲģǽеֽ߶ҲҶƽһϵΪеĵطһηӲĶ磬˳ƽֽļȥҲҶһϵɲʵĴԣһܸˡ
⼸ˣȳţȡڷϵ֮ĵݡҶ˵
ⷽ飬ѾźˣɣС£ҪôҶźáҶؿڱ֤ԤĽĿ˳ҶĿ
Ҷ˿Ŀ٣ҲǾ֣ҲסӵĴ
ţϴ¶һǱȽϷĵġҶ˵ͷ飬Ǹоһκһʲô
Ŷˣɵĸ϶Ǹ̵һģڵڶ쵼壬ûʲôʵ޸裬һȻҲǲʵġ
Ҷָ̾⣬㲻ֻ̽ΰҵ̸ĸ￪ǵǻӭͬ־Ӳ죬һҪ
̷ϣ𣿸оеֵֹҶҶĻ;еĿࡣ
ͬ־ˣһǱȽϷԸ˳ݵģڵһϷ飬̵ʶ˳䣬ڸҲãڹҲãʲôֵóƵ飬ǡǡЩֶΣʹĸļͣոصѡ
ڣһֱƳ˳ݣŻ
ҪøĻǲеƨĵϵĸо
ĺˣѾˣġҶԴ˵ԵúνֻǸѣǸ߳޸裬Ҳһƽʵַ質ĸ￪ţûָյģ飬߲㻹ǿԽܵġ
ϾȻѾѡ˴ƽĸ￪ҵôҪӦüʱȥ
ƽ


452 ܰ
øѰʱˣҲֻһʱ䣬ȥҸˣҶеͷˡ
ִϰŵĽĿ漰ɵ⣬ͬСɣ涼ҪȥУȻҲӦĴߣҪȴô׵顣
ǲ÷ҶЦŰ˰ֵ
϶ʲô߼Ҷʵ
߼ûУдһ¸軹ǿ԰쵽ġҶش
ҲдˣҶЩؿҶص˵ͷŸ˵ļ˵Ҿ˵أʲôѵõҼ϶
ܰһԿҶҶֵ˵Խ˵Խ׶ˣɵõ˼ҶٲǸɲôд裿
ᰡǼ׳ĸ裬Ҷٸдġ˼Сشһ㶼־дһҲӣҶҪдףǺлҲҪòõġ
鲻õĻдĸǲǾͲҲ̶ˣܰʵ
ǵǣҶдĸܸߵġ˼ЦֻдĸͬͲʺݳˡ
ôܰˣ𾪡
ҶҶʵǺбµˣȻ˵Ҳ˼һЩǴȦֹܹⷽ˾ˮ׼ģȷʵȫҲûеڶˡ
ϧǣҶͽˣִŵӵܣû;ҲȢһȦӡ
ܰ㣬ǲǡҪõֹϵ˼ȻСʵ
⻰ƺʵЩͻˣܰʱеЩ֣ƺ˼겢ֺϲԵŮȻôһʣе׽˼ˡ
⻰ô˵ܰ˷ƤһʣҶǲɶأҪȻôôչ㣬רŰд裿
ûأҲǾеСãԲЩհɡ˼ͷ
ʵҶʶʱҲһˣ˼Ҷ֮ҲûͻֱͨѺһЩĽޣҲǽͨѺһЩǻûзչ֣˵ȽܵĹϵǸǺңԶ顣
ԣеʱ˼ҲеԺ֪Ҷ棬ôλģ
ھԼͻСЩʱҶ̬ȣʵǺܺ˼ģ˼棬Ҷٳ˲ʱظһȸ֮⣬Ĺ׾ǿԳ䵱ĵƣЩ۵ҪԼĹǣ֮ǧ֮⡣
˵ҶٵǷǳõġ
һҲӽ˻ֹ˾ŮǣܹӴǵģ϶ЩݱˣҶǺεȻȻҶٵġŮˡη壬ʲôɫġ
ʱҶǳһҶ档
㲻ھдɣҶҶݹıʣЦ˵
ȻڡҶڳһȻӣҶ˵ڣһͻȻ¶ɾͲˡ
Ҷʵ̫ˣҶҲ谭ȥæЩ¶Ҷ˼ȴסҶϽŪô˵
ҶЦҡҡͷȻͰϵȡ˹ʼдд
˴ԼʮӵӣҶȷԼдû⣬ź߳飬Ž⼸ҳֽϸ˺ݸҶ
ˣҸʵɣܹѹסӵŮ֣ҪһЩ֡ҶҶ˵
Ҷõ˴֮Ҳһ飬ɵǰһЩس޵϶ƨȷʵгǺ˼ģ٣ҸøݳˣȻԲһѪ
߿ɲҪдҵְҶ룬ϽԸ
Ϊʲôͦõ𣿡ҶЩʵ
ͬ־ָĸҲ᲻˵ģҶԣӦǺ¶αؽ֮أ
Ǽҵˣʵƨ𣿡Ҷһ
еҶˣʱȻ
ٰһףͬ־ӲһЩϲգǲģŪ̸ĸ￪̷ϵĸҲνģҪ˵ҶҵҶд״ָĳĳݳĻ¶еζˡ
ȥҶҵڵֺ÷ϰ飬Ҷôȥ
ҶȻѾõ˺ܶһͣͨԼʵõϿɣɲרų޸õĿ佱бġ
ǰһ־ǽ̳ܳǣһ׸Ƶƨ
Ҳ֪ǳȻҪҶһ䣬עⲻܰԼָŪȥĻеˣٻŪҶұȽϱ
϶㿴ܰôҶҶ
Ϊӵ飬ҶܰҲеò׼ˣҪҶһ£ĹĿԣж
Ҷ˿ϵĺƣ˵þ鲿ͨܰĸĽµͨ¼ûзκ쳣ΪӦûǿסģֻ˵ϴĳһƷ󱬷дˡ
ʵҶĸ˹۸ҲܰŮӣֿȥ鸡ˣŮ˱ȽأòҲûˮʣҶǱȽͬġ
ҶԼһĶûˡҶ̾˿
ԴӺܾ֮ǰ֪Լоӻ£ϾͶϾõϣ
ܰһκȻϢȷʵҶٵĴȽϴ
һ˹ĴһǲԼǣνǾĺܡ
ʵɲˣȵ֮󣬾һжҶҲ򻯵ļ˵
ڵˣȵӳˣȻԿóҶ٣ߴѪߴDNAԱȣǿԵġ
ܹDNAʶļһЩȥԱȣǰõġ
ҲֻˡҶҶôοһ֮ҲԵõһЩ
˵ʵڵģҪǸտʼܲġ⼸ѾӦˣֻܰİţҲȽԽ
ϾܰҲǹڱȽǣΪӵ飬޷ڽڽϷݳ˴ܴӰġ
Ҷ¶϶ҲҪһЩԵİţٲ˼ҴŶӣԼΪƶ
Ҷ˵ŻɵֿܰһۣʱĶȻƽƽĿۼǲлݳҶҲеģΪһζӣҲиеʱڡ
һСģĺ
϶취ôһܰźãҶȻִסҶʵ


453 һϲ
¶Ҹ𣿡Ҷ˸۶ֲң
Ҷǰʱ򣬾ѾӵмǧʲˣҶİָ֮£ǽҵͬѩһˡ
ڲֹ˾۵ҵ˾룬ѾڣкͳҵĽ迪иCIҵƣ̹ҲҪһ꣬ƻᳬϡ
ôǮҶʲô
Ҷôһ仰1992꣬ڵʲ൱ֲġ
֪˵Ĳôźܰһعʣͬʱܹѻܹý塣Ҷ˵
֪Ҷİ취ܶ࣬ԲŻҪ
¶ϴӲһôͲתˣҶЩؿҶ˵ѵܰĶ飬ң
ҶǱȽϴϻ۵ҲܴµĻҵҶŻǲǶ飬´̼½ҪȻĻ˵ͨ
ô˼ɡҶԼҲеĥ͸
취ʵܶġҶ˵˵һӣ˵ڳʲôӰ˵ҪһڼͥľƣҪһиʲôģɶܺñ
Ҷˣʱǰһףôû뵽϶ȻǼưٳ
ʵûбҪô鷳ģǼǸʲôģۼҵĺԺ¿Ʋסý壿Ҷܽһµ
ҶҲ԰ղᵽǼ취ҲܲǸиʲôģһûʲôⷽĺñӣһӰҲ
ҿˣҲ˵˵ѣĵӰ˶ǺܴģҶֱӾͷ뷨
ĸھƵһӣЩԡ
ʱҶͽӵһ绰֮ɫЩŹ֣ߵһȥ˵Լӵӡ
Ҷ˼ܰţһ߶˿վ绰ҶͷƺЩһͷȻʲôԽ顣
СƽʱϲʲôǲҶʵ
飬ӰӾ򣬻ɽʲôġܰڻش
ܰϲ򣿡˼֮ϲرʾ֪мҺܲ򳡣ҪҪһ
ܰʱ¶ɫ֪ô˵Ϊá
ͱˣأ߾ǡҶ̾Ͷ˼˵
ЦܰĶǻҶҵĹѪأȻ¶ûȷ¾˶Ȼһ⣬ҶȻҪ˼ˡ
Ŷ˼ˣеź
Ҳܺ棬ҶҪʲô飿
ƺһֱҶû˵ʲô飬һξΪʲôͺ˵ˡ
ȵҶʱҶͷе겻ĸо
ôˣҶʵ
鷳ˡҶһ䣬ȻҶȥһ߶
еôҲô¶˼Щضܰ
˭֪أϵɡܰ²
ҶȻһģҶԵģʵھЩӵ棬ҶҲǼҵĵĳɹʿֻþӪ֮ڽ̯ȥԲŻԵࡣ
˿ҶپеֺУµĸо
ܰʲô¸𣿡˼ʵ
ʱûУֻ׹ŷģֻͨˮ׼רҵ飬ܰĻ΢һЩп˵ڸĸҲҵģ˾߶רԼ壬ֻǴ¶ֲдҵô򵥣һֱûʲôչ
˼ߥ޵ôٸ˵һ˵϶ܰġ
𣿡ܰЩɵ˵ķҵķǲһġ
ɶдˣдС£˼˵
ܰĸף֮󣬻һĿĸо˼˵С·񣬵Ƿǳظܰص㡣
Ǿһԣܰеȷ
Ǳ߶Ҷһ仰ȴǰҶˡ
ѩղŴ绰˵ˡҶٴʱҲһͷ鸴ӵԸӵĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ֮󣬳ͣȻǺܴ
˺þãҶ˵ѵ˵ľӻͻȻˣ
ɣҶʵ벻ʲôˡ
˵һܰˣпǱ˵֣ǴʱѩҲˣδ̫ˣܲҶٵŮ˶ɣ
ѩ绰ķӦΣҶ뵽һǳҪ⡣
ô˵أҶ˵ϲţ
ҪϲˣҶһλܹȷ֪ʲôԭҶ⣬ƺĲҩˡ
Ҫһ¶ΪǰһҶٵǷǳԵģҶе벻ֻʲô飬˵ҪȥʲôģĵģһҶҪֵĻ͸ˡ
ҿ¶ˣҶû˷ա
ھһ顣Ҷ˵
ʲôҶʵ
ǲӦҸ椶֤һ£ҵëǲĺˣҶЩԾԾԵ˵

ֵȥ֮˼ܰҶæд뷨
Ŷһ롣Ҷĥһ£˼ĸȽϺдΪѾϤ˼ķˣǶܰķ񣬻ǲ֮ŴӦɣɣҽӴ˷ͬ־Ͱд¸衣
Ҳ̫࣬ܰ˵
Ҷ˵ͷܰ˲ҶȻǸһЩ߰ŮˣܹõóֵģҲѩܰˡ
ܰҲȽϸԷʱһЩиɻĶ˵оƾģҩĲƷСĵرܿˡ
극ֵܾ֮ͷֿˣҶ˼˾Ƶķ䡣
ϴɡҶ
˼ˣʱһЩңŶ
һϴҶʵ
Ҫˣ»᲻ϰߡСﱻһæܾ
˼ܾС¹һӽԡңҶʱЦ
ǹⶺСֻһֱţƺҲˣƫƫֻһйϵĹϵҲԸҸŮйһ˼꣬Ҫòһ¡
СܹܣôȻǺõģܽܣҲˡ
ҶҲǴ߶Ϣһ°ˣջȻҲᷴԡ
˴жʮӵӣԡҵŴ򿪵
ҶŤͷǱ߶һͿһ壬ߵС
ҶǰһȴСڳˡ
뵽Լռ˼ʱһ۵ĸȴѾ˳߹ģħģһı仯ǲС
ҶĿУ˼ԡ¶Ź⻬ļͷСȣҶ˹


454 е
BeautyҶ˼߹ɵѿڶ
ոճԡ˼꣬ϵһȻɢţʹԵɣһƮȻĸо
ѳһ֧Ӹ̶¶Ĳ·һֻ񾲵졣
ҶĿ˳Ĳ£Ϳǳ϶ȵǣͬô
£ԡˡ
ʱ͸ԡҶŷԭСǰѾйģ
ǰز¶ڼҪˣҶſ
ҲϴвҶȻʵ
˼꿴ҶĿг˴㵡
Ҷ֣˼ļͷֻ˲䣬͸оСĹ⻬ϣͻȻһɳƵģҲ΢΢ز
Ҷ˳ļͷɵƵ˱ʱ򣬾ʹںĽᣬָ΢һԡ˳˼壬ػ
Ŀǽ̺١
޷Ҷס̾Ϣһ
֪ѾվеԼҶ˼껷ǰͷϵķȥͬɫٲһĳƮɢ
СѾͷԼ忿ҶĻԴصҶļͷϢЩ٣Ȼǳš
ҶõԼ٣һ̡֡
Сĵ㱳һֳаĸоҶָõļͬˮһš
࣡Ҷ˼Ķͷһ£Ц˵壬ԤˣԺеüȥġ
Ҷһһë˼
ȻֻҪϷһСɫǰջȷʵܴҶҲеģһղסֵĻɾҪܾˡ
ֻ񲻵˼겢ûó׼ҶҲҪ죬ֻܽ͸ѹá
˭ˣ˼ֳëס壬췴Ե
ҶȻûֱӳԵĴ㣬˼һһֵֺĸоѵԼ
Ů˼ƱģʼʱȻеҶ飬ǵҶŹʱ˼ֱЩԹ԰
Ҷ˼ɫûʧı飬ɵЦкҪҪ治Ǹʱ䡣
Ҫ𣿡˼˵ȳԵԼҪ飬ǻʲô
Ϊ̫ҺȷãݲݵؽĻ²ӡ󡣡Ҷ˵飬ǵһΣŮ˵ǷǳҪģܾܲھƵ˷ɣ
˼Ҷôһ˵жʱ࣬Ҷ˵ȥһ·
֮ҶͿ˻·˼꣬ǳɫĶ˶зȴֻ²İɫ˶ȹŵ´ű׶İɫ˶Ьǳɫ࣬ȥһഺŮͷҲ˰ñĺС
·ô˼úܺãԭתһȦſ˫ҶС
ȥôǰôģ·ʵе̫ˣҿ˶Ҷʾ
𣿡˼ˣԴһᣬ֪뵽ʲôͦҶǰȥҼƻܰȥأ˵Уӵѡ֡
¶׵Ҷ̾ͱʾ˷
Ϊʲô˼ʾ⡣
ΪˡҶش
ʲô˼ˣʱסͣ۾úܴ󣬡Ǵٵĺӣ
ӦǰɡҶشȻЩŹֵؿ˼飬ô֪˭ģӦֻ֪
˼˺üӣŰϢЩŵֲᵽʱܰеµģŶгԷʱûϵĺơ
ʵƶŮӶԣҲǺܲϣʲôģЧ
ܰУ϶ҲųƣϾȦǣ󲿷˶ܲմˮ
˼꣬еʱףϣҲǺȾƵģֻϰҶչˣȦ˶֪˼ݲ򵥣ûʲô˸ȥɧˡ
汿ûпܰȻˡСѾͷԹ԰һӡ
סס¶ûʲôϵҶЩЦõ
ôһ˼;ø֮ܰĹϵƺ˺ܶࡣ
ܰҶٵĵ·ˣ˼ԼҲҶԤĿ꣬Ȼ֮һ׽С
ԺһҪܰ߶߶Ŷ˼
Ҷһ˼˵ҲãϾϴ󾭳ȥģһʱܰҴɩҲˣأͶܰ߶߶ɣиӦţҲһЩ
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Ҷ˳Ӣܰ˳Ưǵĺһǳÿ˵ȵӳ֮ܲĸأ˼Ȼôһ⡣
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Ǿ鲿ĲصЩͬһһжи򡣡Ҷ˵ʵҺеģ¹شһ޷õ;ҲӰ죬ˡ
ʵ廹ǺܿҶģΪ˼ܣгϵ֮ʣȫ鱨ֻҲ֪ǶһҶĴϾҶռĿ̳ȥ鷳Խľ
ǷͷһЩϣоԷǳз֮е䷢似ȥġ˵ǣƻϻػǶԷصĿꡣ
ʲô䷢䣬ϻҶˣʱһ㶣֪˵ʲô
Ȼ˵Լ뷨ģǺڻ϶һڴ㣬ҶƽʱȻûʲôʱȥעףǽں촬ᵽ˻ϻأͬʱļ˺͹ʦרҡѧ߸
˵ϷչôˣҶǲȻ˵ʲô䷢似ҶͱʾһãȻ
䷢似ǡ˵һ䣬ȻʵĲ֪
治֪Ҷҡҡͷ
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ŶҶ˵ͷеˡ
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Щ⣬ǱͧɱȽϴӰ졣
˵ַ䷽ʽ̫ӣҶǱͧҪҲ̫ߣһԲ׷ܽзķ
ǲܲһַˮ·䵼½Ϸѵöࡣ
䷢似Ҫˮ·䵯ѶȸҲֻж˹
ҶܶרңЩ˵Щǲоⷽ漼Ա極֯£ͼԭ
ϾڽͧϣںĸϣǿԵõܺõӦõģʵϾǶ½ķ䣬Ҳкܴİ
עˣҲǺܶ࣬Ҷ䷢似֮ȻһЩӡ󣬺ǵһ꣬ϿϺԼ˵ڶ䷢似ĹңΪ˻һͨ
ʱҶ䷢似ʲôʱôһ˵ԽԽˡ
ܹעĹң϶ֹϺһңǶⷽͿʼоһҶǳӵĹңǾͿ϶ϺĪ
ˣҶͺȷض˵壬ҽصϺ˵ϿʼҾǵġ
Ϊʲô巴ʵҶɵĽЩ档
Ϊ֪ҲڽⷽоҺӡҶش
۾ʱһȻһܺõͻƿڡ


459 촬
վһտĵطеϵëͻȻƤе΢Ĵʹ΢ıߴߴ죬׵ҪǰסҶ˵Ӧ϶ǰ㣬ַϥϣһ״ǰҪƽڵϡ
ͿԱⱻ׵УлЩʵ
ȻǡҶһػشƽɵĻ׻֮󣬻һƬ̿ճ·ϣôɨ
Сл˸۶ȻҶĻʾ˱ӡ
߶һ굱ȷʵȽ϶࣬ƫƫɽ֮󣬵طֱȽϿտҶ˵׻¼ÿ굱Ҫʮϰеʱ˽еʱ
ҶлһǰϻأԼ楣̸пܱ͸飬ߵ˰·ϣȴ˴꣬ҶȻؾ¶
ʵʱ׻˵࣬кܶҶ˵⣬Ͳɵ뵽һЩ飬Ƴ꣬һ󳼣ָܻ޶۸˵ľϰն᲻ú첻Ը󻵵ȴñ˭תȴƳԪʱڻݵطһ˴ꡣһŮպñ״ȫڣֱԵָȴԿɱγʱ̼Ů״Ҳָ֡ʱɽطһ˼׼ɱŷּȻָ֡ԭתΪˣ֪ƻڸģ˵תܿˡ
ⶼǰбƭ˵ģֶǰҼˡлЩмرʾϺܶŷˣԼȥӡһЩСӣ⽨ţӦʲôģ˵ЩǴЩǷϿİɣ
٣㶼֪ҶЦЩǴЩ˽˿Ͽġ
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ҪֻأȸµľЩǣԵ÷ͷõֻҵĶã붼ԳżҸС㣬˵ǳ𣿡л˵ҿڵĺǣѾΪڽ̹Աˡ
ǺǣǱⲻ˵ġҶЦٳϵûа׺ͺڣǻɫû˭ĸɸɾһȾЩԼ̰̣ǵļȴδؿϸƶٶе⣬ûʲô١
ȿȡһ߶ʾ˲
ҶʱЦˣ̫ˣǲȺһһߵˡ
ô˵ɵÿЦоͶһ飬Щûõ飬ûһġ
飬ȻΪƺˣҳǸܴڵļ֯ٵľ޴Σ
˻Сʱ࣬͵˻ϻء
߶ˣ֮󣬺òرʾ˻ӭ
ǵ⣬֮ǰڵ绰оѾ֮楾ʹȥ˰칫ңȻۻصһЩ
ʲôʱ򶼿ʼ㵼䷢зˣҶ飬ʼЩڻ֮󣬾
ƽʱֲǣ֪ҲȴҶĻصķչ
ԭԴҶ⽫ϻظۺԵľ֮󣬸߲ѾƵ뷨ǲûиҶֱӶԻҵ楣еԴеһЩľĿ
䷢似еһͬʱҲеƶ˵з楶ҶȻûʲôҪĶʵ鵱еһЩҶ˻㱨
ƶ˵Ҷ֮󣬹ȻЩĵʵ˴˵ʱõЩƶ˵Ƕзǰɣ
ǵģû뵽ⶫҲ֪ˣɵÿҶۣЩȡ
ƶ˵ָƶΪҪԭƳɵըڵӵ䴩͸Լǿ
ƶǴӽ235ԺĸƷҪɷǾеˮƽԵ238ʳƶˡ
ƶ˵ӲȺǿȶߣӱĳɷݣƳƶ˺Ͻ𣬺ϽǿȽɱֺϽоĵҩڻĿʱ䱬ըͲĸԶԶһĵҩԴ͸ܺװףǶԸиװ׺ͷװ׵
1991꺣սʱA-10͹ʹƶ˵ʹ˵̹˲ڶʱ⵽ԵĴ
Ŀǰƶ˵󴩼׺ȿɴ800900ס
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ڵ̹˶ǸװףһƼ׵ѾԸˣԱƶ˵楶Դ˻ǱȽģΪ춼ڽӴЩݣҪȥˣƶ˵֮أԲǶⷽݸȤһǵڿʦǣҲⷽݱȽо
٣ҵû뵽ȻŪô˲šҶЩп˵
߶ƶ˵оҲǷǳصġ
ƶ˵Ҫǲ÷Ũ˺Ĵ½ƳɣҪɷǵͷԵ238ǸܶʣȼзԼԡ楽ܵƶ˵ͷըʱ£ȼɵɴ40⡣
ֱըķ״䵽棬ͨͺܱߵɢЩ״һǺڻͨϸС˿ڽ壬˺Ѫڵ఩֢һЩࡢϵͳиΡ
ֽӴƶʺ80СʱڼɳƤ䡣
⣬ƶ˵ըķ΢ҲˮԴȾΣˮʳڷʵİ˥ڳʮϰ꣬Ⱦĳʱ佫ǳ
ԣǶƶ˵зҲǷǳСĵģһϢй¶ȥܻܶķ顣
νˡҶ˰ֵֻзȴѾӦõսˣô˵Ҳǰ涥ţ¶͸һûеʱ˼һֱкҪ㣬һҲּôԷҪͶˣƶ˵ǻҪġ
˵ͷӡ
˵֮䣬˾ߵźĸĴ߶
ôһл壬ǵһۿţʱͱҴ󴬸ˡ
ֻͼƬϿĻҲûиоҴж󣬵侳ʱ򣬲Żеǵضĸ˵硣
ȡ꽨ǰװİװɡ˵
ⶫҪٶ̫ˣҲӰҵƻġҶҺϾ޽ȴǶ˱ʾ
㻹뷨˶ҶƻǳȤ


460 ƾ
ҺĸҵĹƻСҶŴţɫƽ˵
ûôסԱ߶˵
Ȼ֪ҶַͨʽҺĸҲڹעǰһЩŲ⣬֪ϺǱ߶ͬ˹˽нӴйĸĴ㡣
Ϻ˵ֵĻȻûҶʲô¶ˡ
òãҶȻͻɲһ֣
Ŷ˶ȤҪһҶʲô㡣
ʵҶ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣Ȼ˹Ϊؼ֯Ŀ䷢似ôǿ϶Ҫעϻ߶Ķ򣬼߶ͻȻ֮йصݣԷһȣȻȡһЩж
ϸ˵ĽͨľҲûҶ˵һֲԣֹڲĻʼŲ飬ڶԷһǺżģϾڲĶӣôġ
һԷǱڹڲĶӱ¶ǵļƻ϶ۡ
ڶԷ϶ǳżҪѸ볡
ҵ뷨һݼ鱨ԴնԷϹֻжܹҵԷĻץסԷİѱҶ˵ҵ뷨ǱöԷһЩ˵Ǽƻչ˹Һĸľϡ
ĻǻչƻɲӰ죿ˣЩǵطʵ
ȻҪϷȻҪʮ㣬ϵУ϶ҪһЩȽеݣ˵ҶչĸҪԤ㣬ڸҪʲôչ֮ҪһˮعڣҪͨ˹Щϵȵȡ
ЩǷǳҪϸ⣬Ա붼ϵеġ
һľ˶Է֯УȻͻҶչƻɷǳӰ죬ܿҶ޷չҺĸغ
ҶѾɶԷϺ鱨ԱĻ͹չĸļƻ֮õĺöҪ䷢似ܹǵעǱȡ֮
ҾãҶûпǹһҪϺȥҺĸϾϼ޻Ȼ͸Ҷġ
ٺ١ҶЦЦǳĹ۵ȷ
ԶԣϺ촬ҵҪȹ͹һЩ
1973꣬ʱϺִŵִع˵һҴͻ֮󣬾ͿϺִ촬ҵĻ
1974꣬Ϻյ촬ռȫ2.8%ǵ1984꣬촬ռȫ17.4%
ĿǰϺ촬ҵ130ңϺ촬ҵЭ5Ҵʹ4ʹԼϺ촬ҵЭͬϵС촬Աҵ124ң5촬ӵȫ95%촬촬ҵͬʱ5촬95%촬ں⣬ǵ͵ĳͲҵ
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ںĸĽ켼ֵͨĽ켼кܴĲ𣬴ϵܲͬϺԼ캽ĸ뷨ȴҲûʵ֡
Ӷ˹йۺĸĻᣬȻǲŹģľ֣ǹ͹
ôһݶĸľܼƻ飬Ϻ˵Ҫ䷢似ǿˣǲϹҶ˵ңĸϺ˵УȷԼһЩ
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˹϶ҺĸģĺˡҶ˵ϵԶսԲ֣ϰѺĸˣҲǡǸڰѺĸϺˣΪϺǮΪС˺ĸҲܸӴĺ
˼˵Ϻ˸һӣȻǾͻ֣ᷢʵһ񣿡лüͷʵ
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СϾСܵôĿǶһҺĸãҲǺܸߵģϺȻǮȴҲǴģҵһ¶Բָǻ̫ǮͶ뵽ĸ档
ҶǺģٵĺĸüƻϺ֪͹ϵġߡȻ󻨷һʾ޿˹ĺĸ֮ǾͻᷢԼȻֻתֳ
ңͻֻᷢй͹ԸǵתãΪ˲ܻṺֶǲ򣬷ķϺ˸֮ĶԹʵ̫ˣϲҲΧɾҲˡ
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޷ܵһ飬Ϻĸˣʵǽռ˹͹г֮󣬲ɵģй͹ӴгϺ˼ʮ궼ָںʮУȡԭڹ͹ռеڶƷгͷϴλ˵ڶ
ϺҶڹ͹Ʒ¢ϣ̶ܴϼѹ˹ڵ೧̵ռ䣬ʹùڵĵҵ֣֮ȫûԼ֪ʶȨƷֻΪ˼ҵĴҵһѪǮԷ
ҶһͶ԰ûʲôøУʱֻ˻¼ԾҪõ˼һ£ջһϢɡ
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ϵʱ򣬴ҾͿݺһʮҳġܼƻ
Ǻǣؽ¹ҿϹ忴ݽġܼƻҲеЩЦֻϣҶļƻܹЧ
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ʵϣϺڹڻ鱨Ա鲿Ҳһ˽⣬ֻûץסѱǰ£ûʲô취ġ
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ϣϰʱһܲյԽҰڼʡĻ£˻ϻأܶ˶ˡ
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㲻˹ĸˣѰңǻصⷽ·ӣڸ˹нӴ
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ȻһЩָˣĸǸѵԼ㣿
۷׷ף˵һ⣬ܲηһݷǳҪļ͵˻ء
ļݣطҪչԶ˹ĸչж
ôҪϢȻ˵Ķ档
лֱӾͻʥΪǱ߶ݼҲˣʥҪֹ
ҶȴûʱٺȥˣΪǱ߶մϢ˵Ƿͬ־ѾܿҪ飬ȥӭ򣬷Ļ÷ϵǿɾ̫ͳˡ
յ飬ͽӵĵ绰
Ǻǣڵ绰Եúܿġ
㶨ˣҶˣҲеϲû뵽ԷȻôסȻˡ
еβͣѾ߶˴ˣⲻ󡣡شҲȥ顣
ػصڡҶԼҲе̿
˵ԷɹֵˣҪõǷݶνġܼƻȴû뵽Ҷǲµ塣
ҲǵĶ죬Ҳû뵽ôĿ꣬ģȻֵ˵Ǳ߶ѾˣӦܹ㹻֤ݡ
Щ˻ôҶʵȽϹġ
ʼ⣬һǱȽϸӵģǶЩ¼˶ԣǻ϶кϷΪڻͱһֵϺˣԴ췽Ĺڻϻػġ
ΪϻҪоļԱԶⷽĹҲΪɢòƷ棬ǿʽ˵Ʒ棬ȫɾģҲҪ̫ġ
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ڹĽ֮Уǲٵһ˲ţǱļֵܸߣҺпһЩܣԴץס˶Էļһ㶼ȹȻ뾡취ǵͳһЩõĶ
֮ĻҪԷǷֵˣǵλ̫ͣû׼ʹˣʡ˷ʳ˷ѾǷǳҪǾҪ͵رĵطȥ
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ȻǷ糾͵ظһ·ɫȻǳãһҶ˵һοǴհһٵϺ˵鱨ѵ㣬˳ϣץ˶ʮǽƻһˡ
ǺǣϲˡҶЦ˵
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Ϊڲ˼ϸԵʣ˻¼ʧһڣͬʱҲʧһֳӶعνʧأ鲿һ֣ͳʾǿսȷͻƿڣڶʱھͽԷ߲񣬿νǴȫʤ
ϱ߶Ľ϶ٲ˵ģҹ߶ĳҲҪ鲿ṩһİһνͨǶˡ
鷳ͨ߸˾鲿δûпֵ뷨˼˵ǹ㲻飬Ǿ鲿ͬһĪչǳԤϣ춼ûõͽԷһܣȷʵ׵ýͨ⽹ֱۣԼ˶ƣʱƫƫ¶һ
ҵǳ׽ˣŸոտʼҲˣһѲ飬һҪк÷ϣɵġҶϾûзͦҲôõģҪ˵ٽֳҶҵûôġ
Ҷ˵ͷˮ˼ԴǶġ
ҶҲ֪˵û䵱УԴӽԺ󣬷ϾҲûִĵѲӻˣĳЩҪУڵ¶棬һ¶Ե쵼֧ʲôġ
һΣҶͬʵҲһᡣ
ϵʱǱ߶ѾһЩˡ
ȻΪ֯ģĳίǵҲǵЭ°ɵģЩʱֵ󣬶ΪֲǺܷ㣬ЩӶɻš
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󲿳ͨΪڲּϸԭ򣬲òӽľ鲿ȴû뵽Ҫõö࣬Ȼưˡ
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˰ҹ󲿳ͨڶ֣һٴڲڰ˾ֺ͵ʮ֡ʮһץˣǾһְλع
Щ˳˶䷢似ǳȤͬʱҲԹ͹ĺĸԣԼԶ̵ǳȤ
ںҶʹµʱ΢ᵽ˶ԷעһЩص㼼˵һǼ
򵥵˵һöͬʱü̫չ
ּӦԶ̵˵ļϣͺܿˡ
Ŀǰ͹еDF-X1ϵԶ̵˵˶൯ͷطؾ߼üǼ򵥵һöװضöֵͷÿֵͷжķеɵ켣ͬĿꡣ
ÿһöصֻܴݻһֵͷDF-X1ϵԶ̵˵˷ϵͳЧܴΪ͡
еDF-X1ϵԶ̵˵Я10öֵʽ˵ͷ⽫ضҡϵͳĿɿԡ
˸еĵǣDF-X1ϵԶ̵˵ܻ䷢䷽ʽԪѵӷͲڵȥڵһ߶ȺٵȼС
ʵϣϺ˶е˵ǣ˶ԴҲǡ
ֻΪֵĹϵڹ͹ڵжǳ㣬Գͬ׵Ϻ˾ͳǴ̽͹ؾ¼ǰ䡣
ϺΪٵѹԼ˸ʩӵѹԶڴ¿νǲԼΪ鱨Ժعɵ߶ͼȡⷽ鱨
ȴû뵽Ȼһˡ
Ӱ쵽ģͲϺ˵鱨ڹ͹ļҲܵ˺ܴӰ졣
֮ܶϺڹ͹鱨һӻᵹʮϡ˵ʱʮرʾ


462 
ϺڶԻ鱨ϵʧֱӰ쵽ԻĿչ
Ϻ鱨ԺеЩοģǹ͹ڹ˹ĸǷݡܼƻѾͨ˻ȥ
áʿѪȾ˵ġ鱨Ϻ൱ӣر˶鱨רҽзۣύͳĻ֣ó˽ۣΪ鱨Ϻļֵ޴
ù͹ĵõҺĸĻʵǣɾͳ׶Ϻ˵ͨ·Ϊĵġ
ͳ˾һҪȵĹ͹ǰ棬Һĸ¶໨һЩǮҲҪ
ϾϺڡСʱ۷ʱڣз񣬳Ǯ
ӵλϺλڸ뵺ϲ滷߳Լ2400๫ӵдСǧ졣ͳк͹ҵش༯غشԭ͡Ҫսʾ䣬󺽵ѳΪ񾭼뷢չߡҶ˵һ棬ϺشһҵĵսԻʮָӣΧţ뱱߾¶żʮ꣬Ϊ˹פдʷԹں򻮽ԼȨϴˣ˴˶ԶԷǿҵĽģңϺսޣ˺ҰȫϾиΪҪ塣
ҶĻҲͬǸ鹤ģȻڹƷǳ˽⣬Ϻ棬ҲԼļƻϣͨĸоԼִĸ佢ػȡ汸սǿ˳ִиսս
鲢ףϾĸһҾ¡ҵƼˮƽۺϹۺ֣κһʵֺǿĿɻȱ
塢ʮϺĹһֱȽϱķչԱȽϻ½վȣ𲽽ҳפЭʵʩϷսޣչĸν˵ߡʮϺóΪС֮һϺȷľսԣĸҲʼʽճ̡
ϺĴҵǱȽģĿǰҪ˵ĸвҶ˵ǶڻȡһҶ˹ۺĸкܴȤģٿԴлñļ˼·ϺѾԽȽϴ͵ôһⷽͻƣпܱȹ͹һĸ
˵ܲ˼鰡̾˿Ϻ֮ǰ˺ĸһֺܶ顣
ʵǿʵҶ˵ǮĻӦõĺĸ
ʵϣҶԭеļ䵱УΪ˹̫ƽ󽢶ӵľѽţòýάġλս˹ˡź͡ŵ˹ˡźĸϺĴعţҪ۽Ϊ1300Ԫ
˹ͬʱҪϺ뽫ҺĸɷڽҺĸϺͬ鱨ϸķо˱ļ˼·
ֻڶһٶ£عŽŵ˹˺źĸƽ״С飬ͼ˹˺źĸǰʵԼĺĸΣϧǺ޽ڷ籩ò˹˺źĸǮ
ҲһЩĸ׻ƽгмί˴ߣƼ˶ܵǣһʮɲ©Ҳеıɲзһ
µĸɲǲ飬ΪҶƽԵطˣȴ֪¶쳣ӣȻΪһġ
֮еĳίæһӣȻҪۼѡ⣬죬ǽƸסǴӼѡ϶Ǳظɲˡ
ʵϣ⼸һֱƶظɲΪٵĲԣΪ˷ֹʡ̫ǿβ󲻵ָĶȻѾȡһĽչǱȻǿ
ڷ˰ƵУʵҲΪ˸õؽƸʡԱһơ
ǹȻյеģǱΪ㶯ãֻΪڵģǮӾͲͬˣʲôҪڿ׷ֵģͨ˰صطǵжõľߡ
ΪϵĴҶƽִ֮ҲֻԸºַͣƽȣôҸоʲôе̻
һΪ¼˻Ƽ𣬶ֵȴмίʵҲǰҶƽ˲ĻҪһ´ôҪĸɲҲһ׵顣
8µһܣҲһǳ˵Ĵ¡
к֮䣬ʽˡ
ڵж˲ʮ֮к֮һҹ֮͹ϵȷʵ˸еЩͻȻ
ʵϣк̸֮Ѿ˺ܾãֻһֱܽеУûбеı̨һĸܡ
飬ǶԱش
Ҫ֪ϺΨһ̨⽻ϵĹң͹߲Ϊ˸ĸ￪ŴҵΪ¼֮Թ͹ľƲãõؽ̨⣬¶ĺϺ⽻ϵǷǳǵľߡ
Ϣڱԣȴһ͹űϺ̸УѾ޷ĵʱ֪ͨ˱棬Ƕȴ޷ܡ
򹲺͹ʾȻǵĵ˽⽻ϵôҲԺ̨⽻ϵ
߲̬ȾͺǿӲ˵Ҫ̨ôǺҲϽ
Ҷȴ֪ĺ֢Ȼ浱ʱưͿȴ󹲺͹2000˻ϣһΡ
꣬2000˻ᣬû˻Ϊ͹ʧܣΪһж֮УͶƱʱ㲥Ӹ˺ܸ߹ıΪֿԼһͰĸ߳
ȫʱ̣͹ȴʧˣľǱĹؼһƱ
ҶȴǾãʵ2000ڹ͹죬һ£Ϊ2000ľǣ˵԰ɹһõİ˻ᡣ
к֮Ľȴ͹˲Ķ˵ҼĹϵõ˺ܴĻͣ÷չ˿쳵ȵȣõĶԶʧȥġ
νʧ֮֮ɣˡ
Ȼк飬ͬ¼һȷʵһţǴδᱻС¸Ӱ쵽顣
ҶҲɣܻܿͨ˽µĽϾһץϺˣ鱨˲ţϺûп׷ġ
ô˵Щ˵Ľ֣ͲҶӦùϵˣѾܺõ飬ڹҶԣҲһӷ֣ܹͬϺ̸УռݸΪĵλ
ǵĹ˲֪ʵǷǳյġҶ˵¶ʱҲепˮů֪ζֻԼˡ
סҶȻһ仰


463 ܴ󵨺׼ȷܵλ
92գͬ־һ飬ʽ˶ѲӵĻ
һͬͬ־õģа츱̷ʤͬ־гίŽͬ־⻹һλȽηϵ飬ҪµʷдҵڱȽҶҲ˵֡
ҶڵһʱͬҶƽҪ쵼ͬ־ǰӭ򷽺ͬ־һУŽͬ־̷ʤͬ־ʾʺ
һ·࣬ɺãҶƽŷͬ־֣ʺ
ããƽͬ־òͬ־ǺܺãһֻҲеǲҵĽ
ڻûжܿĳӣͬ־һи͵˾Ƶꡣ
Ϊ֮ǰ¼⼸оθֳؽͬ־ֱָ£ԼصƵͻŲ飬صشӸ۵Ǳ߶һȽ̽豸ԾƵ갲ȫţų˲ٰȫ
ʱϺ˲һģͳˣֻЩطȻһЩ©֮㣬һΰؽ൱ѺܶǶɸһŲ˼飬Ȼ˲⡣
飬ҪʵʵڵģǰؽĹͣͬʱҲܹ֤Ҷƽȷʵǡʶˡһλڵɲ
ӦϵҪҶ˾Ƶ꣬ȫͬϳѲҲ൱۵Ĵ
Žͬ־̷ʤͬ־İˣҶйܶӴʱˣȻҲûʲôģҶܹһЩ顣
˯һ֮󣬷Ͼȥתһת
ҲһҪȺˣڳһ߿һɡϵͱϾˣ;϶ǳԲģҲûҪȫ̲С
Ҷͬ־Գ䵱˵̷ʤ̱ʾͬ
ͬȻû⣬˵͹ǺΪҶеĺܶط죬ڵսڽҶȴû̾ͱʾԼ޷ʤΡ
Ȼ˵ϰҶƽԼڹӦöбȽϤʵȴˣҶϾʥĹίΣôϤʲô¶أǲҵ
еĸɲ˵ˣҿί鳤ͬ־°ɣдʱ乻ãǸͨҶƽ
ѲӣҶƽ϶Ҫģǲȫ㣬ɳί鳤س䵱˵ͬԴίڷϵغ;
ҿԡͬ־ͷͬˡ
ŷֶҶ˵㲻ǻоٽֳȫͿˣҪôʦڵġ
ǣ֤񡣡Ҷݻش
ǺǣҪô߿ѡЦѾˣһͨˣЩطԱǣҪΧתܲá
˼̫ߣӰ̫ھΧתҲģܵøһѧϰǰ˵ĻᰡҶЦ˵
СǺǡͬ־ָָҶӣЦ
ǺǡˣʱЦ
Ȼ˵е˲״ΪʲôҪЦЦһЦǺõģ쵼ЦĻǾͱȽѰˡ
ȻȥˣӰȴһҲûмˣȻ˵ÿһ仰Ϊּȥ귽Ϸһϵйƽĸҵ̸֮Ĺֱ仯ôѵʶһ㡣
һȺΧһ𣬺Ȼؾ˵ڵĹڹƣ˵ڸĸгֵһЩֵþȵȡ
ǳ˵ֽڵƶֻ¸ʧҵأЩεش˵ǵĹңֽѾݱȨʱ壬ЩǴڵ𣿡ʵ
˺Ȼôһ˵һУʱưˡ
Щ⣬ȷʵҪضԴģЩܻĸֳϹϵ
ҾЩҪӵġϼ˶ͽ˵ٵѣ޷ȷ쵼ȺһʤҶڻ㹤Щûʲô
ϺȻ׸ҶҶеЩ⣬ŹŽͬ־гίҶƽίԱ̷ʤܺгԶɽίʣƫƫҪһСɲҶϵʲô˼أ
˵ʹŽͬ־ҶƽˣԿǶǵĿУҶĻе׽͸ˡ
ҶԴ˵ĸоȴܼ򵥣ûожѡ
Щ⣬ʵӦǴڵġҶǸһ϶Ĵ𰸣Ȼ˵Щı󣬶һֻڵ䷢չֻȻȴ޴ڵģǱϮơ
Ϯƣ֮󣬶еʡ
˵˵ϵ۾һҶ˵ȥ
ʵֽĹڣȨ󲢲ֻһײԸһԸӱϮƵĸ߶ʶЩ⣬ǿ䱾ʵġҶȻѾ˵⣬ԾͰ͵͸һ£˻϶ǼȵĴһ⣬Ҳʲô¶
ǵ˹ܵгҲһֻֻ֣һֻ֣Źг÷չãǳֵֻʧ飬Ӷ˿˹ľѧҶ˵ǣϮȴһֻ֣չչһģͻŤһͼƶȡߺʹʩǵĵĲֵֻʧ飬ķչ׳󡣡
˵˵ͬ־˵
ӳиҵǻĵĴͳҶ˵Ȼ˻ʵۣ˵ƣǹеĻʵ۲ûʧϮǹǿĴС֮ǰҲãҲãǱϮƣڵȻǴһ̶ϰ˶ôڵȴûʶֱϮƵľ޴ΣˣҪȥδأ
ôһ˵ҶˣϾˡ
ʵ⣬ѾԼʵж˼ҶĴ𰸡ҶһתͰѻֳ˻ᳫĸ߼쵼ƶȣҪӸϽ⡣Ҫָٹ̵ıϮƣȻҪΪ֮ܶʱ;һҪʮʱܹ⡣
̷ʤҶĻ治ɵöСֶ˼־衣
˲ð⾫׼Ͳ˵ˣѵõ˵ĶǳꤻĸԴ֮󣬲˵ʲôƶȸĻǽķ˻ȥָϵѾڽ⣬ͬʱֱʾҪ⣬һһϦܰɵġ
ȽЩڵĸԴ˽İ취ͬʱԷϽ˲źۼȻǵˮ©˼ҲһëҪҲֵĵط
˲õˣ̷ʤҶҵķˮ϶õúܣôÿһܹһ˲أ¶治ǹ⿿ܽ⡣
ܴ󵨣׼ȷܵλ˵


464 ù֮
925ʱһеĳдϴС
һΣû̫ŵطϵĽͨҶͬоֵԼоֵİؽֳǰͷһͨɵķ
ҲΧһңнͨƣóУͬʱڸҪ·ڵĸ߲㽨ϣ˹۲ڣϾ棬ҲЭֱΪӦ֮á
ڷϺ͹Žͬ־ߣҶͬڳ˵ĸӦǲõĻʲô쳣ġ
ʵϣҶһַǳľ֮У˭Ҳʲô쳣ֻԼȷʵڱһ֮˵ʶ˺ܴĸı䡣
һγг˴ԼСʱңȵǻصƵ֮ɫȻš
ֻϱϾͣ׷ȻųۻȴҲķ˲پ˴һȥ֮󣬾س˷ɢȥˡ
ҶȻھƵ꣬סڷϵĸڷ䣬ԱʱӦ
һƵ꣬Ѿʱ峡ˣΪľǱķ㡣
ҶھƵоִӵһλУ󣬻оֵİؽֳͷ۽ѲӹдڵһЩ⣬̽еʱӦЩĽȵȣΧнͨͼһϵаţһʧ֮ա
ʱҶƽӷǱ߶߶
ͰؽڸҶƽк֮󣬶Զˡ
ʱҶҶƽӶˣҶ˱裬ݸҶƽ
˺Ȼؾ˵˽췽ϵĻҶƽ˵ϳȨ̸ףǵȨȻԴ񣬵ֻһջѣʵϹϳƨһ߶ҪģЩվ߲λϣ̽һǴӻɲͲʺˣΪǶȨƶȵıѡ
Ҫϼȵ¶סҶһЩΪȻػش𵽵
Ŀǰ״ҶúǣһȨѰģʽڹڱѸƹ֮ȨײıϮƣõǷ켫޷ֹ
ʵϣҶҲǱϮƵߣֻԼΪԵס˶ѣϾܹô׵ˣ֮٣һһҲ졣
Ŀǰط̬ȱȽϼһʡ쵼ĹϣܹóҶƽҶ˵кܶʡݵһ֣ʡȻǱʡģȴھȵȣѾǱ
ʵϣ飬Դ¼֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ʱΪӦ䣬߲װȻ˲٣ʡıҲܲһ£ĺܶ࣬и̬Ȳһµģø߲Ϊջ˽֮󣬾ºִһ
ˣʡıȻƴ⼸һֱڼᶨƵߣֻ߽طϵ˵ͨ˰ϵطԱǲϵǱøһЩ
ĻͨʼǸܴ⡣
ҲǺȻģǰ̫λʱһȳ˴ڣǶͬͰһ㣬ò飬һŴֱҶ˵ԴƵط¢ϣͬСɣ˵ģ˵ͬ־ȥ֮Уͺ˵ˣɵĿų̶ȻҲܹԣǷǳкġ
ڵܸӣԾǼලƲȨּСҶƽҲ˵ôǿԼٷһЩ£Ǳ׶ҲԵģ׾͸ɱãȽϿµĺһʮз顣
оڵеǸҶ˵
Ҷƽˣ΢ĥһ£˵ͷ˵еƵģֻͬ˶ѡ
νĸǸΪơ
ƽ֮󣬾͸ص㣬ʵ˾ƶȣʱƣ˾ƶȵı׶ԽԽԣص谭ᾭõķչڹҵͳһ
ĩʱһЩȽϳĵطȾͷϳ˾ȡ٣ʵиģĸҪӺˡ
ڵطϵķֻ߽⣬еĸҶ̲ס뵽ĺǾ뼯Ȩļǿ
ƻǷ˰ƣ㶼ͬģҪǿȨˡ
һŹñӣһץǮӣµطǲԹԵ£
еðɣҶʵ
Ǹ£պŹˡҶƽ˵һץý裬һץɲΣʵͦæģίץ˼̰ĵְͣĿģ˼߲ѡ
ҲеĻĿ̫࣬Ƕ²סģֻƼˡҶʾʵ쵼ɲģ޷ǾɹԱ¹ˡ
ˣ嵽ַ棬ֵýˣĻ˵˭ܹ˹٣Ҷƽ˵
Ǻǣ˵׵£٣ʹٶǾ̫ˡҶ˵⻰ҲͬеġȻѽ˶λĸԱЧҲûпԵĸĽ
ر˰˵Ǯ˴ˡӹˡˡˣȺвһЩմȨ쵼ɲΪΪоҲ᲻ԭ
Ȼ벻쵼ĹִȷʵҪǿǽͣڿںźýϣԶЧĿ̸
ʲôʱԱеˡմˣ̲ôˣٵʱ򣬹ڵĹٳŻϣ
øɲʵҪѽڹأҲôסҶƽ˵ܶûλʱ࣬һλȫˣұúܿ죬벻ĺüӶԺ˾úܲ˼顣
ʵ̰飬Ҳʲô¶Ҷ˵пãҪµģǵ̰١
ʲô۵Ҷƽˣʱ͸еЩЦá
Ǿӵ̸۸ģһȻҲ⣬Ҫ˵Щʲô
ϵ̸ˡҶ˵Ϊλߣ޷Ǿ֣̰٣̰١
ҶƽЩ㶣Ҷ˵ҪбΪͱ˼ҺôûôǮǣǾ͵øȨеȨȥѹ֬࣬͵õô𣿡
Ƕʲôôǳ̰ٵ̨ܺˣҶƽ̱ʾĵ
ȻкôˣΪܵõôΪȨԣΪ˱סԼĺôͱάȨôִι𣿡Ҷ˵ίǵλ˶ûάȨ㻹ô̵λ
е˵Ȼ̰٣ΪʲôҪأҶƽʵ
ȨľڡҶشҪ̰٣ͱ뷴̰١ֻƭڣôҾǺ쵼Ӷĳݸء
˵һӺúѧϰѧϰҶƽЦ
һ治¸˵Ϊʥĵ̶̫С̫٣û취ʵһ۶ѣĻġҶɫ


465 Ҷ
Ҷ˵£ϸؽ͵ôһв̰Ĺ٣ٲ̰µǲĻԷ̰Ϊ㻰̰٣㻰̰١ȿ켺ȨֿԵõȺڶӵֻҪ̰īİѱУұ㣬̰īΪֻ̰йԹĻԣ̰̰ٵķ
㲻̰٣ʧȥ˷̰ô㻹ô˶٣ȺӵûнڳʹӲȥҲɧԱ̰٣ſɲ飬ʹΪһɫӵˡ
̰ٶԹô죿ҶȻһ䡣
ŶҶƽһ㶡
ȻǼ̰죬Ӵȣ֤ϵȺΪǺõģõЩ̰٣ζƵЩǵϣǧҪȺΪ̰ٵԪסȺΪǺõġô⣬㲻ãĸɲúִߡҶ˵
һǰ׶ʮ鰡ҶƽĥҶۣƻƣϸϸһ룬ȴùȻˣǲ֪˵ʲôΪˡ
ҶƽҶĻȻȽϲٵϸĥĻ䶼ԣٶЩ߲쵼ԣ̰ٺͷֶ̰ζǱزٵġ
ԹٻϺܳģ̰ٴ󲿷ȴľ߲ŻģԭҲܼ򵥣Ȼô̰ˣܵеɣ̰ٻ϶Щµģ˵Ҫƶᷢչ÷٣Ͳܹȱ̰٣ǵ̰Ҳһ¶ôòУԼ̰Ҫܵи̰ĳԾͱץ÷¹򣬲ܹջ
ҲΪˣŴĴ̰̰϶Ǹ㾭ýм֡
ҽϰ㣬㷴̰ǱҪģһģҪץСһЩϸ֦ĩھͲҪƽˣྯʾһͿԣ˵Ѿ˵Ĵ̰̰ҪµģǵıжҲ򡣡ҶϰҶƽһǳпϵĽ顣
еҶƽ֮󣬵˵ͷȻѾҶ
ڶ죬ʮӣһǰֽѲӡ
Ϊ֪ǷӲص㣬ίһʼ˺ܺõĲãӷϵг·ߵҪפ۲ĿܵİţԱ̵ܹʱ棬ֽõһ档
ֽ½Ŀǳ࣬ǹأ·ˮ൱࣬ίǷҪܿЩ½Ŀ⣬Ҷͱʾ
÷ϿһȻĽ蹤أʵҲܹ˵ֽķչǺεȵ졣Ҷͺܻӭˡ
ⷽĿǣϵһ˵ĳ·ߣûпܿЩ½еĿ
ֻ;ЩصʱͻἰʱһǰõЧͼó÷ϵ˹Ŀǽһֽ֮εķʢȵȡ
ôЧǺԵģڿ˹صʵֽĻ㱨ЩͼЧͼһδֽһķپҲǷǳ˵ģ˵ϻο
ǰֶͲˣϻ˵úãҪһŴҪֶһ䷿ҲЩп˵ڵֽڴ¡ʵľԿŴٸĸٷչԹʻ˼·ϱɫ̽зչģʽ滮ʩ߱׼չ¼ҵִҵ͡๦ܡִ³ŬΪԾáڡóסġ
δֶҪĽͨŦɽˮֶۡʻŸȣЩǵĹ滮С
ｫȽĹۿڣ䡢·䡢Ǽʸ·ͬˮ½λһĽͨϵʹֶһ֮ңֽšг·ܼ֯Ľͨ磬ֶȫܵںΪһ塣
Ͽ֮󣬾˵ǵ˼·ܺã˵ҪһЩٶҪһЩҶһݵˣͨ˸Ҫ˼룬ƽĸ￪ҵ
ͣһ˵Ҷ̵ģʱܹϳң
˵úܶԡҶ˳˵һ䣬ڵֻֽһܹҪôĴĿǣܹܶ࣬ΪʡϽĻͻٺܶ࣬Ҳܹչˡ
ôһ˵Žͬ־̷ʤͬ־ɵö࿴Ҷһۣ˵СӵǲΪҶƽôء
˭ֽ֪ίͣҶƽһģĹҲÿȦɵ㣬ǾʡϽƺǷȱһЩϾʤθɲʱҲûжãôܾһֱͣӳϸʡλã
Ҷʱڷϵǰôһֹܹᵽ߲ǵǰˣϲᷴԵĻ¶ʵֵĿܡ
ӦΪʲôأͬ־ƺǺܸҶӵģŤͷ˿Ҷ˵ֽڵļܹȻǲʵģϸʡļҲڸ湤ĿչΪǿеġ
ҶʹŽͬ־ǣ˵ϵǷʣ
ȿȡŽͬ־ҶʵòǺסˣвɵÿЦôƹģ
˵ͬĻܵ˵𣿿϶Ҳ˵ȫͬˡ
ǹŽͬ־ͱʾϵհԶֽȷʵķչеķչʡĿٷչΪһ£ȫͬϵ
̷˼أҶŤͷ̷ʤܵǽͬ־Ĵܼңŵĸˣ飬϶бȽϿѧĿġ
̷ʤҶһ˵ôˣֳƹҪɼȳʵ̫ɶˣ
ͬ˵ʵĻֻЦеرʾȫͬϺ͹ǵĿȻǸĸҪ£ֽ񣬴
ҶˣͷͶ˵Ϻ͹ǻ̷ιָֽʾǳҪһҪˣͷøҰֿҪһҪ飬쵼ǵָʾ䵽մ
ˣ΢΢һЦ˴⡣
ҶСϷʱֽ֪Ƿܹ˳Ҳһ£ͬʱҲǼĳЩǷܹ׳һԽʯԱҶСӸһ¡
ĳҶһγ֣˼
ĳҶһγ֣˼
Žͬ־ǾνǷϷϵѣⲢܹ˵ƫһֻ˵Ƕ쵼ء
̷ʤͬ־;еˣԼа츱ΣܿҪֵ׼Ҽ쵼ˣҶСôңĨӰ
Сӣ̫ɺˡ


466 ǰ
ͬ־ҶСʵ̫ɺˡ̷ʤܻصԼ֮󣬾ʹ˵绰ȥͬ־㱨飬رҶһ״
ԣˡͬ־ˣҲеЦã˵ҶҳⰡ϶ôϬʵ
Ҳûа취飬ͬ־ȥ飬ǸҶҸ׳ƵģֽҲ⣬ֻһʱĲѡ
ҶֽҪȻĴ㣬ֻӷϲûоܾķӦȻΪ¶Ǻʵġ
ʵڷϵУеĵطƽĸ￪ҵϣû̫Сֽ飬Ӧˡ
ɣѵǵĸʡɲ𣿶༸Ҳûʲôˡͬ־̬ôֽĹˣԣһ£Ӧôֵ֧ġ
ǣˣֻǿҶСӵ־ͲӶѡ̷ʤҲ֪޷赲ģҲ̾˿
µ绰֮󣬽ͬ־ͷ̷ʤȻȨı٣վѷһҲǸڵθְЩϵϾûеһֵĸɲĳЩĴֹۻǲһЩ
֮ҪΪаһְҪƶ֣ҲܸһʡԱȣϾϻǶȱһôҪ̨ȷʵЩǷˡ
ͬ־ԼҲûʲôõѡ񣬱ϾָϵǿʸҲǱۺĺһȺϸŵУԵñȽƣһ̫Ҫάϵһƽľ棬Ҫʵǲ׵úܡ
̷ʤܼȨıһıȻǳصһˣʱ˭
ھӷ棬ҲбȽϿϧĽξί׳ĽͶ򽭳ͬ־һԱϽȻʹһЩȷʵأƢãȫǸܹõѡ
棬ͬ־һϵҲʼ׷׷ˡ
ôľĺСĵͬ־ҲȽοؿԼӵ˲׵ʵټԼǴڣʮͳҲܹԼٷ֮һٶļӳɣǱȲϵġ
֪ȵʮĴٿ֮ʵнһһȥ֮ͻȫʢʱڡ
Ŀ꣬ͬ־ǱȽĵģҪﵽĿ꣬ȱ봦õģͬϺͳ֮Ĺϵ
λȻѾȥΪӰ˹͹͵ĴԴӴۺ죬ǵϿɣԼǾ޿ƿȫֵġ
˸еԾģǷϺͳϲԼͬرʾҶҵҶзͬһĺøУ޷Ҷˡ
̷ʤȻ˵Ҷǵ־񣬵ǽͬ־úΪһ׳ҪĵĲĳһСŻС棬Ҫȫֵ棬ҶһϵжõĻرͬ־ǿеġ
Ϊˣͬ־ΪҶϺͳͬʱأûԭġ
Ҷܹأܴһصǳֹ󣬵ӹ󣬶ֶθ۹׼һ¾ܹץסԷߣ˼ĵطֳɹͶء
һȺûֻ֪ӬӪĹǱȽҶֱ֮š
ţҽҶϵİ칫ҡͬ־룬ڲͨҶǬͬ־ĵ绰
ͬ־ʲô𣿡ҶǬҶүӵƺһ
Ҷϣеֽ⣬ǲҸʱһ£ͬ־ʵ
⣬ȲѾй𣿡ҶүӾе֡
ֽ⣬ǰȷʵйۣҲȷļ𽫻ǸʡϽʱͬ־Ȼѵ˵¶ʲôɣ
ġͬ־ѷϵ˵һ£ȻʵҪǲǿ񣿡
ȻҶҾǿԵġҶүӶֽҲǱȽϤģ֪Ҷҵ򰵵Ѿֽˣһ񣬽ʹǵļܶ࣬һ¶
ôҿҲͲҪϻˣǼ˽½Ʒһļȥˡͬ־˵
áҶү룬ͱʾͬ
ͬ־뷨ʵҲǺģȻҪʾԷͬ־أôڷѲڼ䣬ʵȻòҲַһϲܲʲô¶
Ҷڵһʱ͵õϢҶƽġ
үүմ绰˵ֽܿϾҪʵˡҶƽԶ˵еϰ
ǺǡҶֻЦȴ˵ʲô
ôˣҶƽЩ棬֪Ҷʲô˼
Ǻǣûʲôֻû뵽ǵĶôѡҶȻֲ֧Ҳµõ¶϶̷ʤͱȥģͬ־֪һĿǣ;ƶµķչˡ
ǲôⶼһ¶
ֽǰ񣬺ܶҪ¿ˡҶƽ˵
뷨ҲǺģһΪʡӼʡ쵼ѣܶ෽涼Ҫ¿ǣԱõθܱߵЭϵж⾭óϵȵȣô򵥵顣
źð쵼ģ¾ûˡҶʾ
ʵҲͬԣ쵼ĲֻڲͣУܹʵԼִֻһ̶ˮûʲôڵıҪˡ
˵Ҳǣ߶ѾŵĲˣҲŪʲôʱõĺ¶Ҷƽ˵ͷ
ΪҶƽִһֽͶľҲģһǿηĻرˡ
һҶϵҲʮˣһܴĳɹ
һŪᣬҲҵһܺõˡҶ뵽һ㣬ɵЦ
ԭڷͬ־ʱҶٰôһ޸ᣬƻ⵽˵ڸģڴֽʢ£ҲͲԵôͻأˡ
㻹׼ᰡ׼ʵȫҶƽЦ
ϷҪʮ֣ĻûϷıҪˡҶش
Ȼ¶û˶ãڶʱ򣬹Ժ׼ֽļͽ·С
ͻȻӵļгԶɽȻЩ㵵ģ֪ΪʲôԺͻȻôһļǰļƻȣƺеˡ
ǵӦ󣬲ŻȻ֣ȻǷͬ־Ӱá
ͬ־Ӱʵ̫ǿ˰ԶɽҲɵøпһ䡣
ͬ־Ȼһ׳Ҫʵһ׳Ҫкܶ๤ȥģʵڷ£Ҫʵ黹Ǻѵġ


467 ϵһι
95գͬ־һҶƽίҪ쵼ͬ£ι˸ոͶʹõͼݡ
ͼʮĽϰᣬֵһľͼв˼ͼ
ͼʽǷ˵ͼкܶӣűкܶ룬ơĵȵԼСĿڳкܶͼ鿨鼮ࡢȵȡ
ҶȥЩ棬ҵԼҪҵ鼮Ƭ֮󣬽ļȻȥͼݵĹԱȻҵЩ鼮ġ
˼ֻ֮ҪһЩؼʣܹܿؽͼҵȻҪȥҺͼ鿨ˡ
˼ͬ־ȻʽܸȤʵܲܰһҡի־졷
ԵƬ̣ϾͺáͼԱͬ־ʱҲǷǳȶڼʱһμ
ܿأĻͳ˹ڡի־졷Ϣ
ϣǹһ߸汾ġի־졷жʮףƼѡһףҲǸĶٵһסԱܿʹĻָеһ汾򷽺ͬ־ܵ
Ǻǣһûаͬ־Ц
ҵĽĿˡҶԱ߶ͳԼĽĿ˹ȥ
ףô߶ĽĿͬ־Щ졣
ʵǷͬ־еЩ죬Ҷе档
˵Ҷ͵ˣٻʱסģ˵ϵĽĿһǰͰõģԲʱֺ쵼֡
ڻڶĴѧҶЦŻشнĿҲʲôֵ飬ʵ߶ĲȷʵȽϷḻҾĵġ
ʵϽƻҪͼݵʱҶʹ˽Ŀ
Ҫҡի־졷飬Ҳûļƻ֮⡣
ҶӡУϵķ˵ϲд飬ǡի־졷˵ھǵʱ򾭳ի־졷ʱի־졷ùԱѡի־졷ɻҳʱƪп˾ͻῴ
ի־졷Ȼ̸˵ȴܾ˼ֵͨ¶ĺڰеƷԢ緽ġƤڼ֡ȣп
Ҷһ㣬ǡի־졷ָ屾֡ƪĩСʷԻۣ꣬
꣬è˼仰ɰ׻ǣܻèèֻҪץסǺè
ͿԿóի־졷һΰ˵Ӱ죬ЩӰ˷ϵ˼룬ͨʵӰ͹
ǼҵĲҲܷḻʷģѧģѧģʷ¼ǡѧȷ飬Ȼ鼮
ԣϵΪԸ򣬳ȹԣ͵ĸģʹΣ塢ϲ磬رڶԴϣ൱ۡ澳֮Уֹ徫ԴһУһЩʵʵĹӲе塣
·ŵļ굱УͨϵĶ˼ʹ˼ȷ˼·Ӽᶨ
Щü쵼ȫȫ٣Լ֮ƶʱ·߷ߣֱӰ졣
ϲǺ¶۽磬ḻ֪ʶ˼Ҫ飬ҲҪ顣˵
ʱͼԱͰһסի־졷ȡˡ
Ҷӹ飬÷Ͽ
ַ˷Ц˵۾ˣȥǸ
˵žͽݸԱ߶ԱҼǰߡ
ҶȥңԼĽĿ
ڵĽĿǴſҪǰѽĿѺͼ棬ֱ鼮ȥ֮󣬲ܹĿջ
ңͬ־ȻҲȽϸȤ
ͼݵĵңҶǿҽ£ġ
һЩѾҪȨ鼮˵ĴкܶżҶΪӦֻ֮ͨڣͼݾͿʼ˺ܶ˺ܶѧ¼룬Ѿǧż¼롣
ֻͼ飬ԺռǳʱضԿЩ鼮ݡҶһͼǰ
֮󣬻ǾЩңɼˣϾһССȻܹ洢ʮ֣Ҫһͼݵݰؼң治ôɵģܲüʮϰŵ̰ɣ
ķչǷǳģʮܹ֮ڶʮ֮еͶˣǵĶʽҲкܴı仯˵ͨЯʽĶնˣ˵ֻͨ˵ͨ繲ķʽȵȣЩǿ԰쵽ġҶһδķչơ
ܺãǵȲһˡЦЦǶҸһˣԺĻܶࡣ
ôһ˵ҶýӻˣֻҶƽ˵һ䣬õúܣꡣ
̶̵ʮڣǹҷչô죬ʹˣĿ֤ȫ·ߡ롢ߵȷԣ˭Ҳ䲻ˡ˵ȥ˵һ仰·ߡ롢߲䡣ͬ־ƺд˵ĸ￪³̲٣ȫλġáΡƼĻ¡⽻ȸ涼ȷķߣ׼ȷıԡ
εİȫͿúܺã϶ũͥаƲ䡣
һĲǾͻ˵߱ˡũĸڣʡ˸ɵӹ⡣ʱ˲˵׬һŶ
˵ܶһǾͻ˵߱ˣòʧ
һ⻹в٣ͺ׶ҡǵķ룬Ӱĸȫ֡ĸĻߣһҪڱȶ
ȻʵķչƵƣ޲޲ܵҪᶨơʹûµҲԣǲҪ䣬ҪʹǸе߱ˡ
һҾʹϣ
ĸ￪ŵҪһЩ飬СŮһ
׼˵ģʹ󵨵ԣ󵨵شûһ㴳ľûһðľûһѽѽ߲һ·߲һ·͸ɲµҵ
ðգʲô鶼аٷ֮ٵİգһʧ˭˵Ļ
һʼΪǣΪٷ֮ȷûô£ҾʹûôΪ
ÿ쵼㶼Ҫܽᾭ飬Եľͼ֣ԵĸϿģץ
Уʱ䣬ǲŻڸγһ׸ӳ졢Ӷ͵ƶȡƶµķ롢ߣҲӶͻ
ĸ￪ӣҴ˵˵ȥʱĶˣʱ·Ҫաʡա硯⡣жϵı׼ӦҪǷڷչǷǿҵۺϹǷˮƽ
ҶΧڷϵߣ
ҶҲܸпΪûش仯žǷһڹϷôҪˡ
ˣ˲ĸˣµ쵼ԼسɳǱġ


468 
һȸֻǸıձƶֶΣĿ껹ҪʵµĹͬԣˣйӦؽֻ⡣
躹սսԣʼղҪйĶ֣ҶͽٵӲ
Ӹλߣܹź͹ͬҪǵΪ
⼸仰ȴڹڳ˵ģڽеѲ֮󣬷ͬ־ͬŽͬ־ҶƽȼžƵ귿ʱ˵ġ
ֳϣҶûλģܾվҶƽ󣬷ϿԺܷؿ
⼸ҲеˣôŵģŽͬ־ʵ
λͬһгίҲҶʹһȥгίŽͬ־ҶҵĹϵпɣҲûʲôֱӵĳͻںܶ෽ͬ棬ദá
ҶƽŽͬ־֮䣬Ҳǲʮңöһ֮䲢ںֱӵľϵҲ֮ûʲôìܵĸԴڡ
ĿǰԣŽͬ־Ϊһ쵼˵飬ѾˣǷ϶飬ڵкȺڻԲܲʲôˣҶƽǷܹڹŽͬ־֮ɹλʱ֮硣
ϾѡûУѾʮֵĶ֣ȴûеģʮ֮볣ĻӦ˵ǱȽƽȵѡ
ʵ֮볣Ҳʲô첻Ĵ£ֻǰڵļƻ֮ҶүӲҪȥҶƽͲгίĻеǸϮˣ˵ӡ󲻴ã¶϶ǲȥġ
ʮ֮볣ͱȽϺһЩ
иһᣬҪĻǿԿҶƽ˶һۣͶԹŽͬ־˵ǸԱҪΪֽģû뵽ֽѾˣ⵹ǱȽϴɶ
²Ǵɶô򵥰ɡ̷ʤ˵Ҷֳͳﻮˣǵе̨
˵⻰ģȻеʣΪҲͣΪԤίԱͬ־ĴֵģȻҲ˵ʲô
ʵ˵ȽԶһЩĹϵ̷ʤܵĸ׸ͬ־֮ĸҲͦģΪֶڷͬ־ǰ˵˵ء
еջһǰͷģͿͬ־ͷͬˡ
־Щ棬Ҷ¶Ҳв룿
ҴҶ֯ģ֪ҪرһЩ֪ԱҾǰ߻һ¶ѣǲġҶûз¶ʵ˶ܿóġ
Ҷҳ˲ŰսҲҪ˵
ϵָʾǳӢҶ̾ͱʾʵ֤ˣǷǳҪģǲȥռ죬Ȼͻᱻռ죬ȦȻӹףӰͬСɣʱķչõķչĻķչȦӰȫ泬ΪһأĿĵȥռȷ˼뵼ӰڣȻǷǳҪġ
޲Ȼû뵽Ҷ۾Ȼ˳ǰᵽ˼뵼棬ǸеЩ㵡
˼˵ʵҶȦʵϾռȥˣ̷ʤˣЩЦõʵʵҪڿѯҶģֻЩףûбҪҶԾԻ͵طʵ
Զǣнǣʵ֤Զ˱ϾˡҶǲ̷ʤʲôӣʵ̷ʤܳ˻֮⣬ûʲôķı£㾭ý֮飬ǰҲûУˣȻǿģԿη˵ľ۵ý𽥷ſģýʱὥȥ˭һ⡣ĿͿһ㣬ȻᣬȴҲ֪ӦΪʲô顣
СҶ˵òҪС۵ͬ־Ȼ˵ͷȻֶҶ˵Ҷ󲮵ĺӰɣ
ǵġҶͷʵȦĵλҲǺӰˣһĸﲻֲΡ
˵ĵҲӰϾޣʵֻǶȦЧǶͨϰնԣȦӰҪö࣬Բ֪Ĳ˭ȴ᲻֪̳ĸ˭
Ҫ۵ˣǿһ䡣
ƽͬ־ǰģⷽӦñȽо顣Žͬ־˵
ҶƽǴ߳ĸɲ꣬ȻϤģʱݲͬˣȻԸٴĹǾͻش⼸ı仯Ҳܴ󣬲λıĻҲ˵߲ͺбҪˣܷɣǳ߶ΰգһϴ⣬ҵйҲעⷽ⣬̽һЧ·
һ˵˵û˵ҲָʲôϾ˼Ҷƽίǣ۵ȫֻ֣Ҫע
ֻ΢һС͸ɢȥˡ
Ҷ˷֮ȥǱ߶ò͡
¥ݹսǶ˺֡
Ҷ
ҶŤͷһͿһˣ̨
Ŵ˿߶°ɫԲ£Ǳɫ߷ţп㣬ϴǳɫкɫװε˶Ьȥܾӡ
Ҷͣ˽Ų˿첽˹
ôţҶЩʵ
³ǱȽȵģȻƵĻȽϺãһ·СܹͷҲ΢΢ҶϿǳˬͺһֱڿյƵġ
ͼݵʱͿˣǿȥԾھƵ߶أȻǵȵˡҶ֮黹ǱȽõġ
ѲôҪжȻһֱڱ֮Уý巽Ⱦǲ͵ģ̨ΪٷýȻȵõһЩϢ
ʵ⼸棬һֱţ޷õͷҲҪĸΧʲôģѵһֵϴ̨棬Ϊŵذϲ
ֻһη飬ԵñȽϵ͵һЩ̨ҲûеõĻϣõζ̨쵼ǶżǰļҪھڲϣҵĶ
Щڻ˵ġҶȻµõǵ뷨Ц˵ΪŴҵԱھزĵ뷨Ȼܺã¹طϵһһһһУҪͳһЭ̨̫׷󡣡
ģ޹ؽҪĶܸܲ͸¶һʵ
ȻҶҶƽĶӣһǹٳˣֻܹȫͬͬ־ѲУܹ֪Ҷ֮ĹϵԶʤһ㣬ֱҵھĻ϶ûд
ֻҲû뵽Ҷ;ȻôʵһҲû˼Ů֮󣬾ͱú޲ðԼʲôڿ㶼ΪеǳԾ
Уǻ϶ǱȽϵܵģϧҶƫƫǡ


469 ֭Ҳܺ
޹ؽҪȴܹͷݣҶһۣЦŷʵ
ҶٹȻЩؿ϶
ǼëƤ飬ҲٷķУȻ˵е̨ͬҲǹٷý壬ڱϳѲϣܵĳȻǳ࣬϶Ҫܵϸ֮󣬲ܹ
Ϊ̨ŮˣȻϣԼܹõȽʵϣ޷ҲԼŬĳɾͲǣ
ֿտյػ̨ȥ϶ᱻ˿Цġ
ˣŮˣؼؼʱ̣ܹõóؼĶ绹ǵһֵزģЩҪġ
飬˵ĸ쵼λ̣ΣϾûйӲҵŮˣҲҪе̨̫ˡ
ҶķҲȷʵ˵£Ҫòϣ޹ؽҪȴܹͷݣȲᱻɱܹϵһҵע⣬ѵزġ
Ƿ̫صزģŮܲġ
̨пƶȣҲܰԼ˵ĶλϡҶһֿ˵Ҷʵϣ͸¶һɡ
һԣΪһˣҪвɷþ飬нϺõʣͷ֯ͱһļߣʵȶȽְҵУҲ򵥣ֻҪͷͿԡ
ΪҪԲϢΪй淶˵ϡ˵šȣҪǰ߲ɷãαۣҪʵۣʱҪֱӵֳɷòر
ΪһӲ߻ɷá༭д塢òȥֱ༭һݸӣձһͺˣһǴӼ߸ģһϵеĹ̶ǺϤġ
Ҹط˵ɡҶһ˸λãͶ˵
ղŸǴһͨýȦҪԣȻܹ˵ֱӾ;ܾ˵̨Ů
Ӧ͸˵Цͷ˵СС⣬ȥԷɣҸҶ̸顣
õģǾȥˡ
ȻǺɫģ¾ʹӦˣֻЩɣλҶξʲô
ҲǸѧ࣬ôأ
ȻҲ˲ٷϳѲʱľͷǷΧԱ٣ǶҶıֲϤȻû뵽λһֱͬڷͬ־ߵˣȻҶƽĶӡ
ʵϣǲϵҶҲǺģû磬Ҫ˽һλ쵼˵ϸô׵顣
Ҷƽѻϰڵ͵޴ӵ֪Ϣ
ҶȻһŹӣĻΧҪڽǱ߶һЩ߶ֻżʱ򣬲ŻеĴ󲿷ˣ·λίԱĹӾʲôӣ
֮ǰҶƽܸȤĻҲµҶʵݣصע
Ҷ٣мˮ𣿡֮Ȼʵ
ˮǺܾòˣҸܹҲǼ֮ԵҶش˻֣ЩԵĶȻҪȵʲô
֭ɣһ»Ҫȥɷݣ϶Ҫҹģ˾ƿɲɡش
ҹɲɣ׿ġҶ͹Ĺ֭ƸԼһƺһڣ˿ŮѾʮˡˣ޶˵ӣЩп
Ҳûа취飬̨ľ̫ˡ̾˿ָذ˰ԼĹգĵ˵˵ŮʮܶŮ˵ͣͱױƷάòˣȥʶˣʵѾ㿷
Сɲ㿷һۿȥܿòڼģױƷҲáҶ˵
⻰ǴذοԹɫıԽԽˣһۿȥܹóܺã֮⣬ҲǳϢƳƺʲôġ
Ҷ⻰ϲҲǾֶܹǿάڵʡҶĻȻᷴУǾһȻɲ⣬ϳɡ
ǰˣһʱĸо
Ϊе̨ŮˣȻҲĸ֮һҪĺţϧǺⶫǺңӱϣĺˣܹӴģֶ̫ˣ˵Щ̫͡
ȥһֱûҵʺԼѡ
ԴҶƽ֮ĶģϧȻнӴҶƽĻᣬǹϣҲǱȱ˶˵仰һѣؽӴҶƽĻǲܵ顣
Ȼ˵ҶƽжӣʮͷίԱݣſʵκȽִ󣬼һʵ̫ˣʵֻҪҶƽ΢еⷽ뷨ɶ˻һԵҪֵŮˣ϶֮ͬ꣬ȻҲ֮һ
ֻҲѣŵҶƽһûţó־ԶЩŮ֮Ըġ
ȻеЩźȴҲûʲô뷨ˣҶ֮ǼνӴ֮󣬾ЩץԼʱˡ
ʮ꣬߿ȥ׷Ҷƽ㼣ʮ꣬ԥͶҶĻֵȥĳ谮
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ҶĻһʱ֮Ҳ˳ĬԿ϶ǣʱ˵ĻȷʵﻰֻֻԼǰ¶ʲô˼أ
Ҷٵݣ֪ģһ̨ˣԼҵ˼£Ҷ벻ʲôطܹﵽ
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ȻǺܺõһƣҲҪʹõģҶΪԼһܵӰˡ
ڸһŵʱпܻϼȴӡҶ˵ѾĳãǺܶһ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡеʱҪ۹ŵóԶһЩͷȻҪҲҪ̧ͷ·УţǼġ
еھԼľ幤ˣܹͷų߻иõķչҲ˵
ҶĻɵЩ죬û뵽˵ĻҶ۵ǳǵӣĿȻЩҺȻеԼеˣܵķϢһº𣿡
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Ҷ˼֮˳ڵʵ
ŶˡҶش÷ϵľͺãһǳԷ
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Ҷ룬Ǿò֭һˣǺ״µģӦȰźá
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ҶȥŪһëȽĽŵײһʪëȶʹĽŵë׳״򿪣Ȼſʼѭһرķʽذѹ
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ʱͱ÷ȫܹԵð˳ʱͳ˾ζ˾ЩȻ
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֮ǰ飬ԼĪЩӡģҶҪԷ˱֭֮ˣô˿ûӡڿȻǱҶġ
ֻԼЬѾˣϴ죬͸մˮ̳һ污͸ģϾ׳һˮľ͸û·ġ
ȻˣȻ룬еЩ鸴ӣһе΢΢ʧǱȽţп㣬ԼϵĻҪѣǱȽϷѾġ
ʵϳһЩر᳡УȽϲֽţп㣬ȽϰȫһЩױ˳Զǽ컻ȹӵĻ¾ͺܷҶˡ
֭оƾŨȸѾƲ࣬һӺô࣬ȻҪڿƺˡҶߵǱ߶ϴϴ֣˵
ھƵ𣿡˿Ĳ֣ñȽϴ󣬶װݻӦƵĺ׷
ǰҸڵķǷסġҶЦ˼Ҫؾˡ
֣ʱ˺ܶ࣬ܲܰҸרأ
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ģһӣ̴Ӵһ˷ܵʵ
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ҶҵĴ÷ľɢȥȻֽյ򿪣¶ȸһЩ
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Ҷȥ£ڴϣң򿪵
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ӽĿеһЩϣԿóͨѾȽϸˣѾűȽϼѵľ档
Ȼ˵ںͬ־£ʼԵз˰ƸĸںܶطҶĸﶼӦԣ¡
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471 һ۾Ϳó
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Ȼ˵Ҷһ֧ӸǷܹ֧ӣ֮ء
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ŵĻҶȻһ뷨
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ҼȻ˵ϹͣһʳԵģǷϲԷҶǺε˼͸úܣһӾͿǣ˵ϵľҰŵģϳԷҿ϶Ҫ㣬һҲʲô⣬ֻҪ˵ʾͿˡ
ҪǷأеŽɡ
ĻҲǼһЩشϲ¡Ҷش
Ҷղ˵ʲôҪ飿ʵ
˰ơҶشⷽ飬һר
˵Ǿ˵ϲڶڷ˰ƵҲͬͬ־ȻоҪƶ˰ƸĸǸصܴ󡣡ȻԴ˱Ƚ˽⣬ҶЩ⡣
֮ǰǲƾרҵҵģڴµҲҪĿרŸֺĿˡҶһľ棬Լ͵ѵûпֵĽĿ𣿡͡ƾʮ롷Ŷ
һûעڵĲƾĿҿñȽ٣󲿷ʱǿһЩĿҶǳʵػش
̫ˣһΪԼе֪ءе˼һԹޱȵӶҶ˵
ҶԣʱݸһЦʵҲԹˣϾڻӣƾĿľԱȽϴ󣬲ڸ̨ĲƾĿˣƻǷǳԵģһ۾Ϳó
ļٵģˣеš
ȻˡҶǰЦ˵һ۾ܹó˳ƯֺãҺϣ
ͷһԼϵԡ֪ʲôʱѾˣǰһ࣬ѹҶô˵Ҳ֪Ѿ˶ˡ


472 ҲⰡ
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ҪʱŪʲôʱһţǿɾĲϲ£ˣҶȻ
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ȻˣϷŪһһԽⷦûġ
ҶٵȻҲǾԾͲ֣ܲһ£Ͷ˵ȻûгΪһָĸߣڶָĸȫӰҪҪһЩδʮ꣬ѸٷչʱýģȻҪվǰͷһЩ
Ҷ⻰˵еˣãȴʺڴ˵ЦŻش
Ҷͷ˵Ů˾ǲһ˿ԼһܷϷһ¡
Ȼ˵ĺҲе˾ֻһرӣڴ̸۹ҴʲôģƺĲôʣǴ˳ȥĻǱЦġ
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ôеţ۾Ҷ˵ҾΪ˺ңôһ취ģ˭֪һ죬˰ƵȴǱضа
ĲơҶɫϵ飬һ仰ѣʱԸϸӰ¶ˣȻרĸķ˰Ƹĸר⣬Ҳô
ֻҪܹ֤Ҿܱ֤ԼϵıӣƺЩȣҪ͸͸ӣȴ̬ǷܹյҶ
ʵҲǷǳģΪһҵ洦̳λˣôܼ޸ͨ˸ƽǰҶϰҶƽܸȤţϧҶƽ̫ߣûнӴĿܣЩƵġ
ʱҶйνӴ֮󣬾ͷʵҶҲһˣǴе̫ˣȻûʲô⣬Ǿţ۲֮ˣôԿ
ôô࣬ʮɵЩʧˣԹ԰˰죬뵽Լڲ֪ѱӸÿˡ
еȹɫһ죬
ʵϣյ棬ôܸоȣ
ҶҲƣֻ˵Ҫϵλã͵ø˲һ⿿ŻǲеģҪԼĹ۵۹ԶǶָƾŵģˡ
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طҲǱƵġ˾ЦСǺصģ˵ǮҪԼãǻҲãܲԸ롣
ǰνаǰӯʹҲǣһǲȱһ飬Щ˰ԴѡҶ˵طаԺ󣬾һһǮ㻹Ҫ߼ëղһ㶼Ǿͳ˲ظҵظڵط󣬸ҵƷ˰ɲȻͨǲ;̯ɣȡá
ôĺȻѸٷչƷ˰ղ
ˣͱˣѵľطҪùöࡣ
շ˰Ƹĸ﷽뽫˰ƱΪԵ˰ƣֵͨ˰75%ֵ˰չ룬طֻܻ25%档
⽻ת֧սԿԤ㿪֧طṩͨҽƵȹ
һгùҵĲ˰Ӧȶ͹淶Ҹгԭġƽ͸ķơ˵ԼĿǹƵġַ任Ĳ˰ƣ˵ط뼫ĲΣһɣΪ֪һθģôģ֪δԤڣԴҶڷ˰ƵĵǷǳصģҲǺܿ
̬ǱȽϼģٺͬ־Ƚϼ㲻ÿв߶Ӧ׼ӦҪȱܺһЩҶ˵ԣһ㴴ϵŻ˵ʱҰֵ磬õһֵϢ
ҶĻʶҶǸںȷʵⷽ涯ԽĻôܶ
ڸеЩ˷ܵͬʱֳ˰ա
֪Ҷ㣬ԼӽҶƽĻᣬֺαҶĴأȻ˵ڲûзʲôֱӵĹϵǾֵֹֹĸоûоԼܹ޳ܵҶĴתȥջӵĳ̶ȡ
ȷʵҪţĿǰԼҲֻˣȻѾûиõѡΪʲôһôţ
ҶȻܺã۴ϻǾ϶ܺãǱϾֻһûгɳС簡
ڱ滼ûʧҶͲµ˼Ͼ֮ǰе뷨ҶƽЩʵͼҶ˵ϵͱˣлģ˵ģҾͲ˳Ϊ谭λϰԣ㻹ʵһΪЧˡ
ǣұ˾ءˣȻɫ˵
ҶˣƤʱһ˵ŮǼҪԼȥϸһ룬ƺҲܲõδͲܳΪڴýһ
ҲⰡҶ룬ڱ̬


473 Ӱ
ߵң¥ϵСòͣͬ˶ʮλͷĴ˵гίŽͬ־а츱̷ʤͬ־ȵȡ
ȻˣֳϣȻҲٲоٽֳҶͬ־
ò͵Ŀ˵Уһλòˡ񻡢̸´󷽵Ůӣе̨ŮС㡣
ʵϣܹͬϺ͹ǡ̷Ĵһͣ滹Ƿǳġ
ȻҲйӴЩĻᣬǶǴҴһ棬Ҷڹڳϣ˵ĻᣬҲϸذվ籾£ķӣǲһһһ߶Էһ߶оǲͬ
Ҳܽʲôı֣ʵΣԵú٣һעЩˡ
λе졣ڷԱ߶ĹŽͬ־˿Ȼ˵
ą̃ĲƾĿæҽܵ
ŶȻ㰡˵ôе졣Žͬ־˵ͷǵǸĿʱҲῴĲ
ллǹһٽѽĿáش
еԭĿϲ쵼עģϾŽͬ־Ѿгίˣ˵ǷָĸӰˣݵλǲͬ
Žͬ־Ҳûж˵ʲô˼ĿĻȻͲ˵ˡ
̷ʤüͷҶСҶ㰲ŵ𣿡
Ѳڼľ񣬶ҶоٽֳһְŵģʱͻȻŮˣȻЩģ̷ʤץסһ㣬ȻҪҶһ¡
ţҰŵġҶ˵ͷоٰĴ͸ᣬҪȥС߶ȽϤƼϵĽ˵Աͬһۿݳ
һ»бҪģô˵̷ʤܶ쵼оȻֹˣȻа쵼»ģ̷ʤܺܿҪˣӻҪġ
Ȼ̷ʤҶ˽֮ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
Ϊ̷ʤʵҲҶʵҲǲôģ˼Ҷҵĸٹ̣ӴֽĵһǿƼ壬ʵӰûеڶұȵùǣֱĹүôںһûֵа츱Σ
ʵϣ̷ʤҪ˳֣ҲÿҶҵͷС
ȻˣԴ̷ʤģ̵޷Ǿλһλǽͬ־һλǷͬ־λҶҵĹϵҲǺܵĻڹ۶ϱ˿ס
ҶϾǸ̷ʤΪа츱Σżѵ䣬Ҳʲô¶ҪҶŻǵҶҶŭ
ĳֺõ飬̷ʤȻǲȥġ
ʱͬ־ƺҲע⵽λƯŮˡ
Ů޳ͦƯģ̨Ĺ𣿡
ƾĿҪʵԼרҵˮƽˣĿܰá
̨ûǲġ
ŶҪӰ
ϸ֮ĽǱȽ˳ģҶֻ΢һ£;ͺʹݴӦ
ʵϣҪϺӰĻᣬĲ࣬ϾʱѾڹڳ¶棬˺Ӱ
ںӰ飬󲿷ָ߲쵼˶ǱȽϽģΪ⼸𽥿ˣܶ಻˶ͨҪ߲׽ϸӰʲôģԼıۺ
Ҳв˽Լ߲ĺӰĿĵطʾҫⶫþ͸࣬Ϊ֮Ҫһ£ԷǷĸӰĴн
˵˼Ҹ߲ĹϵȷʵͬһĻôӦϾҪȡ̬ͬˡ
⼸һЩϴͨ㵽߲쵼ĺӰƤƭ˲ˣصľϵͳûа취˵׶ǹٱλ˼ɵĽ
ҵĹλϹͣԲŻϹٵ뷨ӣ˵ϰǶһȺƨ˵Ϊء֮Ϊᣬʵʵ˳ȴǵģԵٱϼȴǲֻ̫࣬Ҫֳƨ¶ҲûС
ͬˣͺðˣеľиˡ
Ҷ˻֣˺˹Ȼ˼䣬ͷϺӰ
һ˺üŲͬλƬȻҶЦŶԹŽͬ־ǣ͸£
СҶŽͬ־ҶϵĹŹЦݣɵЦҡҡͷǾļŰɣҵıһȽ࣬緽ϺͰġ
Ҷ̾ͱʾ̫ǫˣƬĳôӡ
ǺǡŽͬ־ЦţӰǲôҶ˵
ȻҶ̷ָʤ˵̷ΣҶͷ˾ҪİɣҪȻͬ־˰
ϺͰ࣬ҾͱȽûɫˣ¶˰ɡ̷ʤܱʾ
ʵ̷ʤܵǣŽͬ־гίȻߵﶼǽ㣬̷ʤڲίѣ治ùڱԼģ쵼õ뷨
ô˵ô˵Ҳ߳쵼ɲý幤ߺϸӰǺҪҶ˵
Ȼ˵̷ʤܴʱǺɽ¶ˮҶ֪ĺ󾢶ǱȽģҶƽռȻһֵĻΪ貶ĿǿɾͲҶƽ̷ʤˡ
û¶仹Ӧõġ
ʵξӣöʱҪúʱҪܹ̫̫ĻԿֻԼ
ȻˣҶֵزԲȥ˵ɫˣҶԣЩҪĽӴУټ٣ʵʵ˿͸˼ҲǱȽҪġ
ϸӰطͬ־ҲӦһµġϺȻ˵
̷㿴϶ô˵ˡҶ̱ʾ
Ǻǡ̷ʤܲ˵ʲôˣЦݣһӰ
һȦϾϲǳˡ
Ȼ˵ܴӷϿеõʲôըԵϢֻҪűȽ˽˵ĺӰУҲܹˣϾһڳԷʱϵӰһºѵõĻġ
̨Щ̨ǣҲû̵ĻᣬƬûȥĻ̨ĵλ̾ʹһ
ܵõֻģǶǴܰ
ϾͲ˵ˣӰ֮ױȣŽҲǷصĴ߶ϵԣǸŶ˵̷ʤΣдʱ䲻ϣ˶ǷǳϤģҲ֪ƽʱٸ˺ӰΪǱȽϰġ
һҶõ˸λĺӰԶȰõһβɷȨҪõöࡣ
ԺҲѧźӰڵԼϣ˭֮󣬲öȻ𾴣Ŀ࿴
ʵýȦӣϵҲǷǳҪģЩ˵ǲеģؼҪôҿһЩʵڵĶźӰȻǶӵбڹˡ


474 ֽ
һ߾һ
һλйϺ߻һȦ
񻰰
漣ɽ
װ˳
԰ů͸˴
Ĺ¡ʱ򣬴Ҷһ¸裬ǵλóɵĸǳ֣еĸʵʱ޲ʵݣȻͬһ㰡
ҶȻؾǲʱ䣬ͰźһУ뵽ɸ׸裬ͬʱ˱ȽӴݣǰ鳪ľϰˣȷʵǴֱʡ
ҲҶҪ̨ᣬڳǵǰ¶һĻִͶûлرʵᣬ治ʺϸݵ
ڵֳֵܵ뷨ȻѾõ˷ǳĻ졣
ֳʱرҵĹҶҲ֪һʵǹԷȸԷͬ־Ϊ׵һ쵼ģΪǸлǽ˹ҵĻҾ棬ǰҷ˸ĸ￪ŵĵ·
ʮǰȣȺڵѾ˷츲صı仯ǲݷ񶨵ĳɼҲ׸Ҫ˼롣
һžŶһ
һλйϺдʫƪ
ؼ䵴
;ƺƷ緫
簡˶
갡˻Ĺ԰
ڶʱ򣬳˱һ
Ȼǿ֮ȵĵطǴҵĽͷӦ̶ȴǺܿģҲΪεĵһ쵼͵ڶ쵼ÿдµʱҪ뾩з۹ƵҪԭ
һ򶮵ʱƣ֪ȡᣬŻԼΪ
Ҷλ뷽ͬ־ȽϽһ۷ͬ־ɫͷ˼ҺЦŽĿ΢¶һ˿ɫȻǶ޸еӦ
Ҳ֣˼һǷԸ˳ݵģЩԼĶֻ֣ЩͬˣΪѾҪЩҲùܡ
µ쵼ҲԼһЩǣһ̳ԼȨϷҲǴҳõַҲ˵ʲô
ֻǣḶ́ȻЩֵֹĸо
ȻˣһᲢǸϳ޸裬ͬʱҲкܶи¸裬赸Ŀ
ʱ䲻ǺܹܳһСʱһҪչ˵ϵ⣬Ӱ쵽Ϣʱ䡣
֮ܶҶᵽҶ񣬽һжŵľʱڳ
Ҳ˼棬˵ֽȵȡ
еҪ֮⣬ỹһЩ̽ʿԼڸдԵҼüһãϺӰݳ˳
ҶƽҲڳģݳ֮Ҷƽʶӣü׸裬Ҷû
¸ܹʾŪһϸ˭أҶش
㵹ѪͷллСһ֯ĲҶ׷׳ءҶƽһ۲Զķϣ˵ӣϵҲ
Լ϶ҶЦҪģķչٶȺܿ죬ȡõĽҲܴ󣬱仯ԣԷ϶һγУǱȽģᣬǽѡ
˵ĺеò˽ϴı仯ҵҲʼͨе죬϶ǷǳõġҶƽ뵽һ㣬ҲǴá
̷ʤһ߶ȴǿľ˵ҶҹȻ°˷ϹȻ˺ܴ飬ǷŪôһᣬͰ˼Ҹ죬ȻŪֶεĸ˰
˷ͣʵ϶ôںˣΨһֵӵģ޷ǾǷܹõЧһĴǷܹõҵĳء
ȻҶƽҶеΪǹ᳹˷ϵִ͸ĸҵͬʱҲԷϱʾ㹻أҲã⼸ѲӹҲգ֤һ㣬˼ҵǺܸ˵ġ
̷ʤͨʡһԼ;Լⷽȷʵѹ˼ҶƽѾίԱԼί˵Ĳడ
лĻԺ쵼ǸԱ֣ȻӰĻڵġ
Ϻ͹Žͬ־˾ǰ볡ˣҶƽ֮󣬸е쵼һ̨Ա֣ʾף
֮ҶƽüͷҶ˵֪˭Ҹ
ŶҶЩӦһȻҶƽУӹǶȴǸֽŶ
ҶֽŶһǲ󣬾һССı㣬дźּܾ׳ҽxxxʮ꣬Һܴ࣬ϣ׳뽻ҵϵʽxxx
һҶʱˡ
ϰ޷赲ͨɱҶЦ˵
ҶƽܲصһۣȻùֽһۣҲеЦԷǵĸоû뵽顣
ǰֻ˵˵ȦȽңû뵽¶
ЩСѾͷ˴ˣʸȨ󡭡Ҷ˵㿴·ڴ棬ǲҲֶ
ӦûаɣҶƽҲǺȷ˷ԼĿڴȻ˻ֽҲ֪ЩʲôʱȥģֻǿдݣҲ࣬һһԼƬȻֻĲգȴҲܹóƬ˳ȷʵζ䲻
Ȼ˵ʲôšҶЦ
飬ദһ£ͳҶƽôЦһӣҲеܲˣ˵
õίԱίǣȻֳֽҪͶͱҪǴȥˣһ粨Ĵǻܲġ
мڴˣҶƽҪҶ£һ˶ϡ
ϵͳӦǷģôӰˣҶƽҶ˵ϵͳĽҪϣ㿴ڣţʲôˣ⿿ǲģ˼ж׼ҲҪϵģ飬úõشһ¡
ΪҶҶֵģҶָѲӵı⣬ȻҪҶȥеΣҶƽ񽻸Ҳܺ
Ϊ¶漰쵼˽⣬Ȼ㽻ȥҶƽҶƣί쵼ǣҲ˽ӵֽˣֻǴղὫ˵ѡ
ðɣҾŲһɡҶ̲סҪЦ
תʱһ˵⼸ֽĴкǹͲʦˣϾҲǹýˣЩҪͷػŮǣ϶ܾ롣
ʵϣҶϣ͵£ǶԷǻĿģҪӽ쵼
û׼Ҳ˸ֽءĻɵݸһЦ
ôܣŶûд쵼֣ЩСѾͷأ֪ӦʸʲôˡҶ˵ţ˳־㶵һ졣
ҶٵЦ̽סˣƺҲʲô


475 
Ҷı飬̾ЦˣЦֱ
ҶղŻЦأھͷԼҲյСֽȷʵеЧҲƶأʲôע⵽
˵СҲʵʵģ۵㶼ЩλȨصĴɲǣȻˣǿȥ׳ǵıڣһ˻治֪ʵݡ
ֽ¶ԵЩ֡
Ҷֽ˿ֻдּֽǱȽϹ
ҶϣҶƽùģһ
һп쵼ҲյֽҶ;Ҫ洦һ飬ʡñ˸ץסѱ˵ҶŪеݳ棬ɹĻҲ˵ˡ
뵽⣬Ҷ̾˰ţȻ볡ˣʣµˣҪСǣͳͳ£ʮ
Ҷ˰ǴȥԱ߶СңҲû˵ʲôֻǰЩԵĺȵģ˵쵼Ҫã΢һ
Сһ죬ΪոռôĴʱе˷ܣߴߴ˵ͣ
һӣͼһλŮ˽ǳӵľϳˣ̨Ů
ŶҺϲĽĿ
Ŷ̨ǸŮ𣿡
ʺܲŶ

߽֮ЦŶ˵Ҷˣıݺܲϼ쵼Ƚ⡣
Ů׷׹ƣ˻ӦҲǶԼĹ
ڳһ̨ᣬܻһӾƳǵҪõܶԱҪᣬ֪ǷȤЦ˵
Ӿ磿
ѵŶ
Ȼ˵ʲôģҵȤ󣬿˵һӾҪ˵ʱŮȤˡ
ֻһŮҲûô˵õܶԱ仰˴ҵע
ȤŶ
͸¶һ£ʲô͵ĵӾ𣿡
ŮʱҺġ
ˣȻҶȤǾ͸ϵʽдԼְϵʽʲôģʲôس߱ҵԺУҲһдϣʱҺ÷ϵҡЦŶŮ˵Ȼʹһ㱾ϣ˺ֽţݸˡ
ð
ܲܰϵʽҲأ
ʮӣ˾ͰϵʽʲôĶдˣбȽϻõŮҵֽ߶
õģ΢һȥ¼ȳԵɣæһϣӦúܶˣ׼ҹտơƺϡõҪĶݸһЦȻ뿪Сҡ
Ȼ̾˽ŷտӺ;Ʊʲôġ
СŮϲľǴ֣ʱȻǷǳ˵ġ
һε췽ǻֹ˾Ȼǲƴְ
˵ֹ˾ϰǸ˧磬ҶҵĹӡ
ûҼĶŮڸ𡣡
ίҲзݲɣϾֽᡣ
ʲôΪٰ

ͬʱѾҶЩֽ
ţԱһ±ʼǲЩ˵ױʡҶ˵
ЩŮǵӣҶǾЩ棬ЩǲĶԼдģ˵ô¡صĳ棬ôˣĲӦúܶ࣬һǺܾˣҪ˵һӳôࡣ
ضԴУԲܹ¡
Ȼ΢һ֮£ͷˡ
Ȼͬһ˵ıʼղյŮǵϵʽֽͬϵּһԱȣͷǼֽдּȫͬ
ʱˣ⾿ô¶أ
ôð˵֣飿
λ쵼ˣҲдֵ˰
ٺ٣¶еĥˡҶ°ͣ濪ʼ
ܹ϶δؾСǸģп˹ָʹôģЩСҲδ֪顣
ôܣʾɵǲֽ֪ݣ͸˼ҵĿڴ
ҶЦЦʲôܵģָǵϼ˷ģֽҲЩ˸ǵģûʲôܵˡ
ƺҲе֮ûʲôԷɡ
ǺǣһɡҶǼֽϵУָ֡
ӦһͳȥˣþʹλŮ˽
ŮӼҶ֮Щ֣֪Ϊʲôˣղ˵쵼Ҫǵʱ滹ڲ죬֪Ƿʲô飬ʱҶô쵼͸ˡ
ҽһ£ҽҶǷϵбԱҶȻûбҪЩСǰ¶ݣǾֳһŪˡ
׳ãǼڷԱ߶λϡһŮӵӺܴ󣬿Ҷ˵
ǺãǼ⣬ϣʵش𡣡Ҷ˵ͷڲμݳ֮ǰǷǽһЩСֽݸۿݳĸλ쵼
ǵģʲô𣿡Ůͬʱͷ
ֽ֪𣿡Ҷʵ
֪ǿ˵һЩףĻŮش
ĸҶʵ
Ǹǵѽǻֹ˾ˡŮ˵
ǶõֽˣҶʵ
ǰǰŵÿ˶õˣеõֹһŮش˵
ŶˡҶ˵ͷʱ˸ЦŶŮ˵лǵϣ鲻Ҫ˵ĵӾ飬ȿλϢҪ©ȥǶ٣ױ˼ġ
סŮƴͷʾ˽⡣
뿪֮Ҷ̾͸Ҷ绰ѯ顣
Ҷ֪ʲôطأֻñеӡ
϶ʲôô᲻ǰͦɹ𣿡Ҷڵ绰˵
ͦɹģ㣬ǹ˾ǲиŮģͦڵġҶʵ
¶һ治һǹ˾ӰɣҰĵ绰㡣Ҷ˵
Ϊֹ˾Ĵϰ壬ҶƽʱҲһ˦ִƹΪĲҵȽ϶ֹ࣬˾߶ҲŵģԺܶ˽⡣
Ҿ֪ҶҪӵĵ绰֮̾Ͳ˹ȥ
Ҷã͹ӵ֪Ҷ˼֮̾ͻӦ
ûмӣһλʮҵķŮӾ˽æҶʺãȻҽܵҾǻֹ˾һεٶָ̡
ţûʲô¶Ҿһ£ǶǸأܲܽҶżɽʵ
뿪ˣŴ绰ɡϽش
˵绰Ĵԣ˺һӣûзӦ
ϵϡеŵضҶ˵


476 С鷳
ϵˣеЩġ
ҪԶδɢʱӦڸģھȻϵ˵һʲô⡣
Ϥ𣿡Ҷʵ˸ӵȷ˵ıʼǷӡ󣿡
еĽӴǱȽ϶ģּӦܹϵó϶ػش
ֹ˾ҲǴ˾ĴöȽ棬ΪӣĹǱȽϷæµģкüλЭ飬ֻһλЭµȺԱġ
Ϊ˾ԵҲȽ϶࣬Ǹλڱʱ򣬶Ҫݽˣתϲ㣬ڸλıʼǱȽϤġ
ЩʼǲеϤҶȡ˼ݸ
ǡһͺȷرʾȷıʼôдݣ
һӣҶΪʲôҪˡ
ðСԱǵ壬д׳ǣм䶼¶Ҫչܹϵ˼϶ģһعĻĳš
ֹ˾һǧɣΪ췽ίҲ˶⵽ڸ˶еһΡ
ķҶƽԼҲ˵ʲôģϾֹ˾ҶֶӣúãӦõģǳ©鷳ˡ
ΪʲôôڻԿ϶ǣôѾֺ˹˾棬ίҶɫ߲ԴҲʾһ̬Ǳ뾡飬ΪʲôҪô󾿾ʲôɸ˵Ŀģ
ǣҲ˰ҲżֵµˣʱȻ飬Ҫ˵׷ҲǿԵģҪԼҪҪ
ʲôоҲǵİšҶЦȻЩ죬ҲûлңϾ¶ǿɿصġ
ԱǲԼȥֽݣյֽĶ쵼ôأֱӾͰⶫĻҲΪ쵼ˡ
ڼͱ飬ûԱ쵼ϵ£¶ֻǲ׽Ӱ档
ҶһͽЩСŮǸˣԴͷ϶ס©Ϣ˸˳Ҳõ˻顣
˵λ쵼ϴ£Ǿ͸ӻˣһ쵼˾֪ԣԼʺԼͷϿ۵ģ
ԱǵĹֽʸڷϣжôأҾͲ˵ˡҶﶣݣ㿴֮ˣҪԱǽ鷳¶ֻ˵漰˷ǳе飬ܻ𾯷֣ϸܾУ˭⣬˭ҪΡ
ǣס˵ͷʾˡ
ҶҲ֪ģ֪ҶҶõܣҶƽĶӣҲ֪ҶҶֵܸǷǳõģȻһγ©˾϶Ҫеεġ
ҶĻôֹ˾϶ҪܵӰģΪһλӣû׼ͳ
ԣ빫˽ýβãٳ©ˡ
Уĸϸһ͹Ҫ鰸Ҷ˵
λҶҲе棬֪ǳʲôĿģͻȻˣôһֶģǲô˵ΪȷʵҶ˱ȽϴţãҶƽĻһϼ죬鷢ˣ鷳¶ںء
ҲҺΪ˱֤һ˵İȫҶûаȥԱֺӰʲôģĻЩֽû׼͵ǵˣô͸ˡ
˵߻ģҶҵĳ˵ĻôȷʵúƯͶĴСǿܲЧȴġ
緽ϵ̨ԱǺӰˣյֽҿݣô֪᲻Ϊŭ
˵Žͬ־Ҳ˵̷ʤһģ⼸һġ
Ҷ̷ʤܵ˽Իôġ
Ȼ˵̷ʤǽͬ־ңͬ־ҶҵĹϵ෽ҶҵλӣһǺģǾǲͬһϵһǷǳҪġ
һЩϵϵʱ򣬴ҿֵܻؽ˽¹ͨɹʶһЩС棬ûбҪôˣ˵ҵĲǣëǱȽ϶ģϵ²ĶǶţëһ㡣
ֽ飬Ȼ˵ҡҶҵĸϾһȽ϶ĵ飬ĳЩ˳£Ȼϲ̨棬ȴҲܹҶƽ޹⣬ҶæңϾҶƽĵͷϷ飬Ҷ𰲱ʱġ
֮ܶҶҶԣⲻʲôʵ飬һС鷳
ȥϣ˳㰲һСԱǡ
ʣҶ˵ʱЩп˵ζ𣿡
Ҷͷ
ҪݺֵĻô
˵ģҪһڻֹ˾ڲȴʱʵʱѡʵķԷһͲô򵥵顣
˵ҵĻôҲ̫ˣԿԲǺܴҲûһֹ˾Ҷٵͷ϶ϾҶҶүӵӣܲ׳ҶӽĶӣھǵ͵úܣû˸ǡ
ȥӶԷжĿӦǽָҶƽģȻˣҲпǳҶģ⸸һ壬һپ٣һ𣬵޷ֱ˴ˡ
ȻԸǲܶþץˣʵ
ûоĻץжǲǺϷ˵أܵ鷳ĺ
ǵ޷Ҷ˰ֵұϾоٽֳӣʱͺˡ
ʱǷһеİ壬ʱһЩֶĿ꣬ҲǿģϾ߲İȫⲻСҶзôھôڣ˭Ҳס
ȻˣҶȻҪץˣץסǸ˭߻飬ȴҲ˶ŵطȥҪþ鲿ȽһЩ
һӣͻˣ˹ĸϣһļеС
Ҷļп˿ͷŮĴʮңñȽͨеһ۾ȥƺеʱӣͷҲеȣ̷
֮ܶһͨˣӵ˶һҲ۵֡
ϷѣˣõǼٵϵĻ治ءҶ֮󣬾жϡ
ڴ룬¶Էûص㣬Ҳ鱨ͷʹһ㡣


477 Ҷƽ
ȻӾַ洫Ϣ֤϶αġ
֤ͨϢĺ˲飬ͷ϶ǼٵģҲ֤ûŮˡ
ֻزˡҶһʱҲûˣֻȷ´¡
ϾҶϵܶ࣬һҪǽʱ;ķЩӰ˵ϡ
һЩָþ鲿Ų˵ĴϢǷܹϵ嵥зһЩ⡣
ȻҶҲҪҵֱӵ֤ݣҲô׵ġ
ϷѲûֻֻһֻ޷λãұ˸绰ʱҲпʹùõ绰˲֤ʵݡλԼϵ˵Ѷȡ
ͻȻôһԭȽϸ˵ҲܵһӰ졣
Ҷֱ֮󣬾ͻصеļ
ѻڴ绰ƺ̸ŨϰҶƽбɳ濴ļһܲŹ۵ӣһίԱͷûУͨľӼһ
ҶҶƽͷеļʵ𣿡
Ӧ˹ڸ¶СǶ֪飬ˡҶش
бʹҶƽһ㶡
ԭҶƽΪ¶ǼСŪģΪҪʸȨԲ飬һ¾ˣȴû뵽Ҷôһ飬ȻĻȻΪݵġ
ôһʾͱȽϸˣҶƽҲò
ѾˣֽһϷѵСǵȥģ˵ףݣСǶǲ֪ġҶ͵ֻϷѾ֪գͨ鲿Ĺϵһ£õ϶Ǽٵġ
ڴδҶƽʵ
ΪݣĸֵǱȽصģǻԵɺϵĻЩֽпܱݵеģĻɾͳ˷ǳص¼ˣҶƽΪ鶼пܵġ
뵽ֺҶƽͶĺչǳˡ
ֻˣŮӦڼƻ뿪УҴоַһͨʮøЭץҶش
Ҳһͻ뿪Ͼڻ㲻ԷĵϸҶƽ˵
ҶͷʾͬҶƽĹ۵㡣
νΣյĵطȫĵطϷѡʵΣȻö֪һǿԿ϶ģǾôĿľԲҿǵ˵ΪʲôǾֵˡ
֯ԤıҶ飬ôĿԾǰҶй϶˸ģЩȻҶҷǳӣûʲô⵹ǣֻòȡº͵ķ¡
˵ĻпܲȡȽϼҵˡ
ؽˣЩġҶƽȻ˵
ȻãؼҪźϸ񡣡Ҷ˵
ҶƽҡҡͷҲףûԭԵĲ£Ȼ˳֣Ҳ׸ͱ¦ܶ˹ܴɣΪ̫ǿӲ²ֻ֪֪ԣͻᵼ쵼ɲļҳ磬ܲá
ˣҪһЩʱ²ҲǷǳյġҶʾ
Ϊһ֣ܵƶȺ͹ͨԼʩͼҪģһԾŶһöҪõġҶƽҶ׻׻Ƚ磬Ƚϴ󡣡
Ҷ룬ǾҶƽĻ˵ҲûܶﶼôԵģҶҲһһ֣ȻҪⷽ޳֣̫ΣԼǡ
ڰؽϸ񣬾ڸֳλ϶ɼɣ֮ڲҪ⡣Ҷ˵
İؽҲʮ塢ѣѾ˸оֵĸֳҵѾλȨصıˣҶĿǣõñȽ˳֣ʮ֮ǰҲ
̫ˣʵʲô¶
һҶƽ˽˵ӡôҶͬĵڰؽԼķչҲʮпܷܸʡǲ׵ġ
ϾؽԼĸǳ֧ϸߵλá
Ҷ뷨ѰؽֵʡְѾܶԵˣͨô׾ʡģ
ԽԽ죬ҲԽڸؽǾϵͳӻһģⶼһЩС⣬ƽʱȥ޺ǵ˹ؼʱ̣ͻᱻ˾סţʱ۵˿ɾͲֹԼˡ
Ҷ뵽ֱܶ仯֮ǰĴһͬʱС飬ȻͺˮˮǳӦη΢Ž
ϵͳĸɲԲܹõ̫ˣͺ׳⣬ֱ仯Ĺؼʱ̣Ҫ־衣
еʱҪԼϽ÷紵ˮòǲеģκһ߲㶼޷̵ģֶҪãѰ·
һҶƽ뷨ȻǷǳȷģҪͨϷ;ʵеڷɣҪбԼĵ̶˽ˡ
һ㣬ҶǷǳͬģʱϰҶƽȷʵ緶й֮
ǳûӲɽĻŻἱ͵Լڣͼƾ֣ҶƽҪҶҵ̫Ҷҵϵ̫ʢҶүӺͶүӵķ֣ҶĴƶҶƽֻҪȵʩ飬ȻͿԻó
ˣ˭Ĺͣ˭Ҳ޷赲볣
ңҶƽھý跽棬ȷʵȽƽȣеľ÷չٶȻܿ죬ٶȻܿ죬ɴ˶ĸӰ켫٣ؼҶƽȽȫ棬ֿǵһЩ⣬ǰԴ
һηѲӣͱȽ⣬ʵҶƽȷʵܲԸضѴ¸⣬ҶƽҲȽϺãͨµĽĿΪƲҵְṩ˺ܶµĹᡣ
һЩӦƲڸԭ϶δҵҶƽ֮󣬾͹ƲǶ¸ְİҲǸģ߶ȶȽϺгûΪƵ鷢ʲôģؼõԭ
Ϸѵ飬Ͷõ˼زһ顣ҶƽԶ˵վҵϣ鲻ãҲ֪ġ
Ȼ˵Ҷ˵ͷʾס
飬Ҷ֣ǴģҪԷϺ͹Žͬ־˵İȫ𣬳ǱڵвǷǳ˳顣
ҶƽֵĻǸ˵ĸоͲͬˣпܻὫί͹Գôһ㣬ҵϾͶÿˡ
٣ȻҶ绰˵ί棬˵Ҫ𡣡
ʲôҶ˶ʱå


478 
ʲôҶ˶ʱå
һҶǰӡҲûС
ƸгĶӻεģʵ֤Ȼܿں֯ǱԱ¶ɨء
Ϊ¼飬ίǶҲûʲôɫϵһ򲻴ļίǣҲ׷׷Ŀ
˵æŸ飬ȻʶԼѾûʲôϣˣݺഺ绻طչû׼ܹ߳һõ·
ӸʡʡȻֻǸôһҪԽȥѶȣʵ̫ˣ󲿷ֵĸʡɲնֹλλãۿʡӣǵò
Լͻǲģʹ˳ڸʡλϣʵ̫ˣгԶɽҪȥʡʡίǵ֮£ҲҪ߳УõһʺԼչĻᡣ
ʲôåҶƽ˶ӵЩʵ
Ǹ£Ȼȥ˼СˡҶһм˵
ʲôȥˣҶƽ֮ҲһĲš
Ȼ֪˵ȷզأһֱʵƺΪ¼ԭ򣬴Ҷûкɫ֪Լ⣬ڵ͵ˣȴû뵽һȻɫĲЩСǵ⡣
ȥһСȻǶˡҶ˵ҰЩ˶ĻҲ޷ʶСӵʵס
ȷʵզأһԭûСҶƽüͷȻҲǱĵúܡ
Ϊһĸ߼ɲһضûУֽͷɧ׷СԼ䵱Ƥͣǹʳܣ˳䡣
ֵùȥһ˶ˣûܹӦҶ˵žʹԼף׼Ŷ
е̨˶ѣȻʲôãǱ߶ȻӣȴҲѹסίǵˣҪǶԷʹֶȷʵżӦ
Ҷһ£ûԼȥȽϺһЩ˳Ҳһѵ
˿֪ܲҶݣίίǣȴǶ֪Ҷһݣоֳָɲǵġ
ôҪŶǸոջ𣿡ʱѻͷ˵绰ЩؿҶʵ
ղŴ绰ˣȫûע⵽ҶҶƽ߶˵ʱҶҪߣżææط˵绰ʾĲ⡣
˵ҶƽѻӣҶĻҲ࣬˵ҶżתһתǺܹܶ࣬ؼҵĻʵָ
ҶƽæͲ˵ˣҶҲһ֣һмְкܶҪȷ˵ЩͶʣԼڵһЩĿȵȣĻҶҶƽУ鶼ǼŶˡ
ѻ飬ҲԹԵġ
ΪҶִŵĶϱȻϹͶӶæҵҲϺȵˣ˵ѻҲĸɲˣеϵͳһżҲҪȥ߿ָһҲܹǵæµ
û취ֳ˵飬ʱҪȥһ¡Ҷش
⺢ӣڱֻæˣһûü˵˵ءѻЩơ
ҶҲЩǸ⣬Ȼһҹȥ飬ϵͳҲйϵһȥ㲻ʲôѲԱöҹȥѲһ¡
ҲУѻЩɵʵ
ȻϵͳѲԱٲⷽ飬˵ǰǴģҶƽҲǾʱڹϵҲԣȻûбҪȥϰࡣ
˵عɣȥ˵ĻһѲԱҶøŹģڼ棬˴˶ʡһЩ
Ȼô˵ѻѲԱǼٵģҪʱĿȥѲһµģ⣬ҲһЩԶܹͬ⡣
ʵϣںܶ쵼ɲķˣǹѲԱߵԱݣΪиùʵ壬ͬʱҲΪż˽һЩĻ᷽úܡ
ʲôеģ¶ʣǴҶûж˵ʲôֻǽƭСǵֽһˡ
޳ܣ˾Ȼܵίǣѻˣʱеǳ߿
վŮԵ⣬СǱݺѾܱˣΪίίίǣȻԼȥϵ˼ңϲޡ
˵ĳЩɲ˼룬ȷʵҪ¯ˡҶһͼӴ׵˵Ϊļսߵһӣŵĸ߼ɲֳ飬еϵͳڲ
ѻ˶ӵĻʱЦã֪ô˵˵ţ¶ͻȻֱˣҪǲȥĻְһ
ȥ𣿡ѻŤͷҶƽѯʵ
ΪҶҵˣѻڴЩʱ򣬿϶ҪһҶƽģԼʹˣϹһ鷳¶ǾͲˡ
ȥɣ͵ɢˡҶƽЦЦ۶ڣһжõġ
ǣҾͳȥɡѻ˵ͷ
˺ܿͳţίõС߶
ոյ棬ͿԺŹίյСüأмžĸɾվ
ûпʲôģѾС˵Ż
˹ʱ򣬿Ҷƽίһųȵ֮ͣΧĸɾǶʱȻΪҶƽˡ
û뵽ӳһλһλȥʮҵˣ˸еЩˣиۼ̾ϳˣҶǵķˣǰִڵʱԶԶؼһ档
ŶλӦҶǵĹˣе񰡡
ϿӦǲġ
˿ѻҶ˽ȥֻԶԶͿţȴûиҴȥ
ǻ˱˹Ļô˵ҲҪȥһµģϾǵ¶ôȥ
ǾýҲе֣ǵ˵ȥһ¾ͳⶼȥʮˣҲûгеɣȻҶǵķ˺͹Ҳˣ⾿Ϊʲôأ
ѻҶ˵Ż߽СңԶﳳ¡
˵ˣίǰŵ飬һºòá
ǵԱΪ׳ݳģڻûнӵɢ
Ѿɢ϶ؾƵˣǰ˲ӡ
˭Ӹûйϵֻ췽͹˾ָܵҪͨţҲǿԵġ
ʶ˭
ԾڸСǵԻҪǿһЩ
һҲǣҶҵĵ̶ҶĶ飬ѵ±۸
أҶһ
˵Ǹʮ۾УͻȻͷתܲ˵û˵ôһ߶ȥ
ʱȻ˽Щȵؽ˳


479 ϹĹ
ʱȻ˽Щȵؽ˳
ѻΪȷʵȽϵ͵Ȼ˵ΪҶƽķˣĸɲӦǱȽĿĶ󣬶ѻòȷʵҲҶôŮԻӭĶǵڻȽϷգЭͬ˳е쵼亱
һЩгίǵУҲõʱżЭͬһУ˵쵼ǣ϶Լȥ
ǳ˫ɶԳõĴ󻷾У͹ⷽȷʵԵЩȺ롣
⽻ڷ򳪸ֵᳫģȻĻܿҪ˹˵ǹ͹ŮûλǴڸӹĽɫ㿴ǵ쵼˳Уô˶أ
ڣȷʵôһ״ҶƽҲٸѻһڹڳϣһЩӣŮͯйصģҪһŮԵλʱǲŻһͬ֡
Ϊˣһ˻治ϵѻʲô
ͬΪе̨ŮˣǶýȦ־ô᲻ʶίҶƽķѻ
մ߽֮󣬾ͷҶԹ˵ʱϳѻݡ
ѻȻʮˣҶô󣬵˽ˣʵȥҲʮͷӣʤһߵﶼӺݻ֣ȴûʲô˵ĸо˿˾;÷ǳС
ǰͼѻʱֿҶԣҲô׾ܹϵóġ
ʵվѻǰԼеСѼˣѻָ֮ĸֱ֮Ż鸡һֳȣһ˾Ŀ
ǵ̨Ůѻһۣ΢Ц˵ȻʵôϵҰ
ãǰĿʱҼһΡͻȻҶƽķˣеңһμѻǴԶһۣӡẠ̊́ʱؼŷ˼ȷʵʺܺãҲӺݻԼȻԸòǸ˼վһǾЩǱȲϵġ
⵹˵òƯҲ˵ûʣһ˵ĸоƺǾ»Լݵĳγɵʣܹѧġ
ν壬˵ľ
ʱȷʵЩˣϾ֮ǰҶƽЩ뷨ģϧǱҶ˾֣ʱټҶƽķѻʱ;Լȷʵ˼ңɵй֪ʲôо
СﳤƯҺϲĽĿѻЦŶ˵
Ҫʮ꣬ȷʵСġ
⻰еЦõĸоˡ
Ҷ͵Цѻ˵裬˵Ҳϵͳĸɲû¶עһڴҪһĿԷ˰ƸĸȲƾһרĿΪѲԱӦñʾһֵ֧ġ
Ŷ飿ѻʾ˾棬ǱȽרҵɣҲǺ˽ģǰʱ򣬴Щǲ߶ġ
̬ȻӦһЩġҶ˵
йֵľֳҲѻƽѻίְ˵ǹֵ߶͵̨һĿһ治ʲô¶Ƿŵ̨Ļ̩ɽˡ
˽һ˵ɡѻȻôױҶƵģûһڴӦֻǽ¶һԡ
߶˵Ǳ߶ҲѻֻѻݣʱҶѻ裬Ȼ֪λǻֹ˾ҶίҶƽķˡ
ãǻֹ˾ְԱһι˾Աӡ΢΢ѻҽܵ
ŶСǹ˾İѻ˵ͷȻЩΧһŮʵЩСǹ˾Ա
ǵģЩǸ˾ǩԼģЩʱͬġش
ֹ˾ҶľӪ£ȻǹϵĴֹ˾ڴһͳгļ󣬵վ̫˵ģԺ֮ܶģϳ֮Ա϶ʱץǩͬС
һвμݳСŮǣ󲿷ֶǴӾǱ߶һЩʱģǳݳѺ·ѣʳ޶ѣм΢죬ܹϳˡ
Ȼˣ˾вЩ˵звӣҲ⣬߸ǩʽĺͬս˾չģֻĻᲢǺܶࡣ
ʵϣȺڵǺܷḻǸضиƽĸ󣬱ȷ˵ضһЩҹܻ֮ĳҪĸ˲źܶ࣬ЩŵŮ̫ĸĻǺ׾ܹҵԷĵط
ѻͻͷҶ˵߶ĻҲܷḻʵС߶չֹ˾ҵ϶١
⵹ġҶ˵ͷ
ҲѻĻеͨһεĵֽ¼ҶһЩȻȥǺҪȴȻҪ㹻أֻһҶΪ¶ҹϹµӰ֮
ܹȫʹԼ֣Ȼܹ鷢нһֹ˾ķֹ˾бҪ
٣ڰҵͬʱҲܹԵصгбȽ˽⣬ʱˣҲ֪֪׵ģæг
٣٣ⶼʲôˣϹʲôأԱ߶Ǵ۾ʱͲסˣɲϵѻҲϵҶȻܲ
ɽһֱǱȽţģίܵȽ϶࣬Ǳص飬ˮҲ࣬ķǱȽصģе飬˼˵һȾֳǽá
ΪˣɽһԼȽţƣĸɲҲˣȻﶼѻȴҲûϳĸֵһƣ;ӦǸְ֮ࡣ
ĻѻòǸֳĻ˭ϲأ
뵽ͲͷˣѻǵĻͷ
ǵĻҲҲԺ벻ˣɽַһԼ۾Цʵһֹ˾ʲôţģŲͺ˳ǵѣŮˣҪϰ鷳Щˣǲģ
ôһ˵ڳ˶ʱ˵ˡ
ѻֻȻǺģֹ˾ֶĹ˾ҶȻϲٳȴǺּ˵ĻģÿλһҶ֮ǰҶǼĲ
ʱȻвҪҶĹ˾ѻȻˣǶԷȻǹٳˣеĸɲΪίǷ˵ѻԿ
Ҳû˵ΪԷʵ̫΢ˣ棬Խݡ
ȻҶͶˣ⶯ֻ졣
һɽˤֻðǣеȵĸоȴǳѪˡ
þЩ۵ĶҶʱȫһ̬


480 ˰ɣ
ľЩ۵ĶҶʱȫһ̬
˵۸ҶǲᣬƽʱֻǲмѣΪҶҵίԱͺüίίҲǺüôţƵļ۸ʲô
ֻҶҶۣ۸һʵԼǵ˸ɲԺ󣬸ǷעԼƽʱҲһܸɹ̬治Ը⶯ֶˡ
Ҷٹ滹ϲֵģϾеԣżҵʺϴѹĶȻҪʾһԼǵġ
Ȩȴȥ۸ˣ縻½磬ǶͶû˼
ҶԼɽʱ򣬾ͺظһ⣬ȵɽ߻أŴеҡˣȻǴòᡣ
ҴңɽҶˡ
Ȼ𲻸ߣɽҲĸɲȥĻҲίسĸɻһΪί飬ʡԱµֵĹ⻷ԶһɲҪö࣬ûʲô˴
ʵƽʱίЩ쵼ǿɽҲͷʾȻǳӶȥġ
⼸죬ɽĴֱ½ˣίͷͷǶﶼǺüԣһ޲ʳƤӣôܸɫ
ɽԼʣȻһͷˮ飬µ쵼˭Ҳ˵Ȼ޴ӵ֪еİء
Ǵ²ȻӲܸܵίίίǣɽȻ飬Ȼ쵱ֵذͽֺõ
ɽȻȽϺùʵȻȽ϶ࡣ
ǽ쵼¶ģȴ˸ˣһǴɽе޷ܡ
ôҴˣ
㣬ȻŹҸɲϮɽȻԼоζģʱͺ
ŹҸɲȻǱȽص飬Ϯʾ͸Ӷˡ
ɽֻԼûдǹʲôģֱӾͰǹҶһǹ̵йͷ֮ޡ
ΧŮǼˣҲǻʧɫû뵽ͻȻˣ˵־Ͷ֣Ȼʲôû˵ͰԳίǵ˸⣬ǶѪˣȻֺ
ʲôƤģʲôåһŴȥҶһƶˣʱɽס
˵ʲôɽеԼĶ䡣
ҶȻܹһڽг֣ȻͨˣȻ֪ݣôҹȻŹ飬ҿڳԣʹåأ¶ȷ͸¶ֹ
ɽӶʱЩͿˣ֪¶ﲻԣԼյĶѾԽԽԶЩղסˡ
ʱɽҪȥЩɾͷǴűҶסˣͳ岻
Ȼ˵ɽžζݲͣ־ͰûУôܴùҶҪȥͱҶҺݺݵظ˼Ǻȭף಻ԡ
ҶȭͷȻݣȴصģɽȻңҲƤ˶ѣûʲô˽ǵģǿȥȽϲʹһЩ
ҶŰɽʮ֮󣬲һŰ˳ȥҺŵ˵ȥǸå˵һʵҶҵĳҲǣ˼ŹͷΪûϣٳֱӰ£
ɽҶһŹ򣬺òױ˳ȴǱѪ
һűӣǱӴܣΧĸɾǣʱͽкŸûӱ˴𣿣Ͻȥץ˰ϮϮҲץסѲƤҾͲ֣
꣬ղ֣ëĹϵ
ɾɽĻȴûʲôӦģֻԹ۶ѡ
ǳӦһɽѣȻ˵ɽ飬ǹ˽㵽˵ûеΪ˰˽¶ʦڣҲǲԣϾίǰɣίԱô׳ĵ
˵ڵ飬ɽ˴ˣֲǱ˴ˣʲôϮ
ʵϣҿɽ涼ԸأƽʱͺŰ裬ֻ˸ŭԶѣ񿴵ͷȻԸ⿴Ц
ɽΪ˰ʲô飬ɾǶֻѴ˦߶Է磬֪϶ʲô飬δؾûԭ
飬ץ˭иӵĸɾ̵ʵ
ץ飬ҶǺܻģϾУƧ¶˴ëõģǷǷжĻ͸Ҫغˡ
ͱ˵Ƹгһңʡ쵼кܶɲݣһҹ֮ȫˣ飬㵽ȥ˽
ʮĴҪٿˣһֱǿɺȶ⣬˭ڶ˱Ƚϳ飬ǲҪ࿼ǵģ϶Ǳ˵ɰ
оҲǷӿεĸֳؽȨƴ󿪴ϣеһȨ֣ضĸоǱץ˵ͣǾͲˡ
ץ˭£ץˣɽɾ̵ز֣ɵЩܻغ
еˣӵĸɾЩԥһ䡣
ϻɽűӣЩŭصȴλɾһֵı顣
ҲǣλɾͻȻһָָ˴ſڡ
ɽ̧ͷһͼҶѻ߳˴ſڣվ̨档
ǣץסǣˣɽ̺޺޵ָҶ˵
ȥʱÿҶֻҶһֳЦһı飬ƺһҲûаĴ
̫ˣ̫ˣϮ֮ȻôҡڵģֻһҪϳͣɽֱҪˣ촽еǶǱҶġ
ߵǣҶɽڿֵָݺݵظһͨõƣԾǰһʺġ
ʲôʲô飬˼ҵУһʺ
ץǣô֣ɽ۾ˣŭָҶԸɾ˵
ʱҶѾ߹ˣ˾ȵǣɾǶ˵˺߶ûԸɽվһ
Ҷһץסɽ죬һֻԵ˵٣Сӣ㻹ҴץҰҲûǸӣǸˣ
Ƕץ˰Ҷţɽ
ʱһɾˣ˵Ļȴɽȷ߿
˰ɣɾ˵
ʲô˵ʲôɽ˵Ļɵסˣô˭Ҹô˵
˵˰ɣɾ˵ȻȥץҶǵķ˺͹ӣⲻǷʲô


481 Ҳֻε
˵˰ɣɾ˵ȻȥץҶǵķ˺͹ӣⲻǷʲô
ɾ˵ĻȻߣȷʵɽסˡ
ʲôҶǣĸҶǣɽȷʵеˡ
û뵽ԼʲôϸղֱҶݺݵشһ٣ȷʵеʱɾҶǣʱе£һʱ֮侹Ȼ벻иҶǣ
ҲѹˣҶƽĴƽʱίίǼףڻϼ棬˵ƽʱӴȷʵɽΪ飬ȥҶƽʸûС
ί߶ʲô飬ҲԼȥ㱨УϾ˼ҶƽǸ쵼ˣﲻǸٴһѹˣⶼˣһҪ
˵ɽһ飬лȥҶƽ
ɽУҲֻǣûҶǣʱɾһ˵Ȼ벻ǰĸӣȻҶƽķ˺͹ӡ
ĻҲը̶ˣҶǽа壬ǲѰ·𣿾ʱڳҲûǸȥðѻҶ
ʵϾﵥҶҲ˵ʲôϾҶϵһ̫ˣоֵٽֳѹġ
õҶΥ͵ƾʵݣӸҶˣҲҪؿһ£ԼǷܹҵõ㹻ǿӲĿɽԷҶķˡ
˵ɽҶУƨ㲻ϡ
лĸҶǣɾɽһɵ࣬ȻĿǰȱ˽⣬Ǿ˵ȻίҶƽˡ
ʲôɽˣڷӦˣɴ۾Щŵʵ˼˵Ҷǵļ
ʱɽڻָˣȴееҺģһȺţҷҽУҶǵķ˹Ȼϵġ
ǵøղѻŵʱǶɽûзӦǴʧ
ѻţѲԱ˺ҲûֻɽҸоãţƵģҲûнҶƽķϵһ𣬽˴Ҳǻã
ʵϣ˵ɽˣˣѻһʵʵصͷˣΪͲһϵ
Ȼ˵˼ѻְֻһǴʵӰǣҶƽķ֣Ҫһʡĸɲضˡ
飬˵㣬еʱ˲̫ˡɾƺǿʼڿɽˣܸߣΨҶѻƵģ۸˵ʱʹ죬ֵ۸ʱҲҪί¶ȫԼҴԹñˣ
λɾĻ˵ϣ˾óС
Ҷѻ߶ҲˣɵһЦ
ˣ˼ϳˡҶ˵
Ӽģ¶棬û뵽ҲϵáѻҲеЩ棬ͷͷϵǺͨɾҲܹϵеЩˡ
ʵҲʲôֻҪǹʱʲôӣҲܹ¸߰˷ֳˡҶųӵķŬŬ
ǺǣҲǰ˻ѻ˿ǹʱҶƽݣɵЦ
ˣĻʶ
ͱ˵ǵĽȻڴò˽ģЩȨҲҪԴģ˵׳ĳþʾأ΢Υһ£ȻǼװûпˡ
˵ԷĳΥȷʵǳأǳ˽ͨ¹ʣԱ߶ĿڳʵƲȥʱ򣬽Ҳòװװӣһ壬ȻȨɵķΧڣԲһЩ
ܹѹ̶ֳȵĽǶǺýǴзչǰ;ġ
ȻˣҲһЩˣϲҡʹõĳҲͨƣЩѸ㶨ģȲԸԼ׳ɵǱ򣬳¶֮ҪȨͷ۵ҲЩˣһ˳¶ܻС±£ָɿ
֮ܶߵҵԼǱҲԼķ¶ڹҪʲô飬ܻһЩ谭ϰˣٳϵҲˡ
ҶӵɾѻҶ˸Ȼ˵ʲôҪǰæģ
ϵģˡҶ˵оֵģģ
Ƿ־ֵģڽǿġɾش
ŶǱ߶İҶ˵ͷѹǲϵҶҪΪûд档
оֵˣؽֳǲ뷽ѲӵİȻǼҶģǱ߶ķ־֣ҶûдʲôҲẰҶҶŲҶݡ
һ߶ɽʶԼʲôʱɫˢһ¾ͱɲҰˡ
ôӣɽп಻
ԭֻǳҼСѣܼ򵥵һ飬ȴִ鷳ھȻǳҶǷ˺͹Ĵʵɽʼδġ
ѹ˼Ҹݣһ⣬ԭеһڡ
Ҳѹ˼Ҷſڱտھåһ˼ɶûУΪ˼Ҷƽ˼ǰ
ɽ֮УҲһףΪʲôҶһåѵ˵֪еĻɣĻ˵ʱֽˣֻһˣ
뵽ֿԣɽԽȷˣǱҲյƵĶҶŻ鿴Ҷƽķ˹ȴΪʲôأԽԽͿ
ЩСǶøֹ˾ְԱ˵ܵвǹһûʲô¶Ҷʱӵĸɾ˵䡣
ɽһԼΪʲôᱻ˳ˣԭܵ˼Ҷҵĵ̶ƤŹء
ɵðԹɶû壬;ԣھȻ˼åҪҶƽ֪Ļƶûʲôɫ
һ鱻ȥĻûˡ
ɽ飬;ԼεĺܣȲܣֲ֪ôӦ־棬һһ취
Ҷɾ˵Ҫδʱ򣬾ͼξȻص˵ϣòǻȥˡ
٣˵ǡȻˡҶˣʱˡ
ɽʲôҶúܣ˵Ѫܹûһأܾεڵأǽѿ֮ơ
ҶҲûпҪ׷ʲôһҲˣܰһӴģɽװΣʡҶ鷳
ˣһ£ҽԺˡҶ˰ֵ


482 
ʲôɣѻɽεڵأɵЩĵʵ
αѪܳʲô⣿Ҷҡҡͷǳʲô⣬ҲǴ⣬зִģûгôܳ⣿
ӵɾһ£ͷɽ۾ȻţϡܹƤתʱװΣǾ˵ҶȥҽԺˣƲʲô¶
Ҷ˵ͷлˣĵ绰ңʲô֢Һʱϵ㡣
ӵĸɾˣеܳĸоæԼϵʽдݸҶ
Ҷ˿֪Էʮ꣬ڽ־ǸɲƼ
ֽװԼĿڴ棬ָѻһСǣȻҶƽĳʱѾҹʮһˡ
мʱҶƽ绰ѯҶûʲô¶ܷġ
ԼסйָһСģҲԼĳӣһǺܲ˽ҳˡ
ôһȥģѻڳҶȻͱ˺ܶ࣬ʡ
ѻڶӷǳ⣬ȻҶƷܹҶôɫĶѻĹȻġ
ʮĸɲоֵٽֳһ˸ɵ˵
ѻҶҵĵλҲǸܸܵģ󲮶ȻǾؽǱϾû֣ûл볣ϹҶƽѾ֣Уϣ
ôһȽѻ浱Ȼǳ̹
еĵģҶĳɾͣԶ֮ϣھ÷ĽҶ˰֮а֮ûбҪΪ̰¶ˡ
һףҶ𶯣ҶϵǳҪӰ졣
ҶڹҲһЩʵҵͨЩҵȫصķ֮ȫҶϵκ;֣൱Ժյ
ֻѻµʱҲȽϲעҶĸȻܿϳҵĳ棬ΪϱĲѡҲҶӵŮˣ˵楣̨ƺҲӸץסˣѻǾ̾ӵŮԵͬʱҲе
ôŮˣӦù𣿡ѻЩĵʵ
ˡҶһ۵Ҫе̨һƾĿڷ˰Ƹĸ﷽ģԸĽӴȽ϶һЩ
ô򵥣ѻЩţҿĻҼҲܿһ
˵⻰ʱѻԼҲеЩЦ
ʵ˵ʮͷҶҶڻʮ꣬ѻҲʹʮ꣬ӲҪ˵ҲǿúܣȴҶеĻŮ˵ӣѻҲеӦ
ǵ̨ŮǣҲЩͬġ
˵ٶĿģһ㶼ȽװȣŽĿģǳأͲǺܴȴҪصӣ˵ֵĿ϶ںߵģȻʮ꣬ڽĿȴԵҪƫһЩҲǽĿڲͬʵҪ
ӫĻʵѻһǽΪͬġ
ʱҶһ𣬵ȻѻеЩŤ
㻹Ƕˣʱ䣬עһʳݣʲôģӦùӡҶʾ
ݣѾ𣿡ѻʱüͷԼӣǵʵ
Ů˲ҪݵġҶĳؽʵϣŮ˸˲ͬһʮ꣬͸עⱣˣڶģ˵Ϳ֬Ĩô򵥣һǳӵϵͳ̡ʱĻһרҵڹⷽмʶ˲ָ࣬ǲͬԴʵ̨Ǳ߶ʦʦǱȽϺõѡ񡣡
ô𣿡ѻעʱͱҶתˡ
Ȼˣ㿴̨һЩŮԱʮˣŻôۣ͸Ƶģ滹ЩѧʵġҶһô¶̬֮ػش
̫׶˰ɡѻ˵
һҲ׶Ҷʾ뿴Ұڸո֣ܵʮɣʮ֮볣ʱ»϶ǱȽ϶ģǸʱҳŷ֮ģܵôϷ˰ɣҲ룬ʱԻŵһɣ
⵹ġѻˣʱеأΪҶ⻰˵ûǺеġ
νʮһ֦ǳļڣʶѾ۷壬һҲҵгɣͥȶˣʱڵˣƸˣҵˣͥҲˣȴҲС
ԶԣŮ˵ʮ֮󣬿ɾͿʼѸ·ˣƱĻͬҶ˵Ůʮˡ
ѻ治ϣԼ½ӰĴڣĻʱҶƽҪͬ˳ʲôģԼҲûǸˣ⻹ǺбҪӵġ
ȻˣʵҲûôءҶ豻ԼɹˣЦ˵ϵһ£Ҽλʦһ£óһѷڵʱһ꣬Ȼôഺ
Ҷôһ˵ѻЦҶŶСһ컬࣬ҶҺˡ
Ҷ˵ĻҲһĵҶʲôȱ鲻ӦֻԼҶƽҲӦñġ
ȻбҪҶͷʾʵǺһ飬ģò⣬ڼľƣԱҪеʵҶ˵ĵٷʽͺùʱ͹ϢʱϢ㿴˼ͳݼʱģǣڹλϣͲܽеĺøɲ
ޣ˵ĽʲôѻܲرʾҪүүˣǴӳ㲻ɣһˣľǾϹѣ棬¶˲ˣ
ҶЦĲͬ͹ֲķʽʵô˺
ΣˡѻҶһ۵˵˵ôͺ˺ˣ
ȻǺ˺ҶҲû۸ݵģ˵̫棬ʱ򣬹϶ڴϣץϹˣ⻹Ҫֹ˵ɵĽǶ֪ģ޷Ǿһù¡
ѻ⻰ǵ˵ͷҲǴǸʱڹˣȽʱȻидģԲҶĻеġ
˵ҶڷǱȽģ쵼ɲƣҲǶһˡҶ˵
ȷʵһˡ̸һ㣬ѻҲɵõͷͬ
˵֮䣬͵ˡ


483 ǲߣ
ҶƽȻڼ￴ӣ˸еЩˡ
μǡٶȥˣôе̨زѻ֮󣬾Щ˵
˭֪Ŷѡ˸̨ͷݡμǡǾ㿴¡Ҷƽش
ݵģȻ86ġμǡȻ⼸ÿٺٶҪһӣϰƺǰٿᣬҲ˵һ⣬Ǿ䣬ⲿƬӵĵݣȷʵµˡ
ѻֻ˵˵ѣܿҶƽһ
ɮֱָ׽ˣϴϴˢˢ׼ʱѻ˵һֱáμǡ趨и©ɮܳΪʲôҧԼһڣҧ֮·ħҺΣװ·ͽҲûҪˣ÷ѻܽʡķ֮ء
ҶƽһʱЦˡ
Цʲôѵǰѻǲصһۡ
ӴԲӣΪ˼жûпǹ⣿ҶƽЦ
ʲô˼ѻʵ
вⰡҶƽش
ѻʱ
ҶˣʱŶӣɳЦǰϵģðŴ
ôһڣҵûȤٿˣҶƽ͹ȥ˱裬߶ѯϵôˡ
Ҹһ٣Ȼڵװý־ֵ˴ȥҽԺˡҶ˵
ǲզءҶƽ۵
ȻίϸһӣҲһǿάֶѣĹ϶ڲӭķ¶Ǹɵͦ𾢶ģ˵ίǱ߶쵼ͦ˳۵ġ
ȥĿԵͬޣ뷨ҲҪĿǰºúõؾӪһȡܸɸгʲôġ
ûгһεļ¼飬ڳί֮е֧ʻǱȽϴģǾ¶֮󣬴ұ֮Ψֲ˭Ҳİеǳա
ڻ˵ҪȥĳʡθǣȻƽǺķչҪһЩڼƻ顣ҶƽҶ˵
Ҷĥһ£¶ʵûʲôôǾҡͷײףﲻߣ
ţҶͳǺܺõѡ𣿡ҶƽˣЩطʵ
ڵѾûʲôſˣҲûж˼ˣҶƽҲǱ뷨ȻԼѾʼҪ뿪飬ôΪίǣҶƽȻֹɡ
ˣʡôҰۡ
ȻˡҶҡͷΪҶίίûţ˵ҲˣԲŸӦð
ҶƽԴЩɻҶ˵ϰŪȨ滹΢һЩúúøһβС
ϰ뿴飬ڳίʲô𣿡Ҷʵ
϶𲻵ʲôˣҶ͸ġҶƽЦ
ⲻͽҶҲЦ˵ԭǷɣڳ˶ɣûԸΪˣίǶԣǺ¶൱ڽȶһƱ׿ˡߣһµίǣȽǿҸ㲻ԸĻǱڵ⣿
Ҷôһ˵ҶƽҲһ£ȻҶ˵ҲǺеģǾ͵ͷͬףôһ˵治ܷˡ
ǰҶƽûпǵһ㣬ֻǾ飬Ҳ˷ʳˣʱҶôͣ;ôֶĺôһЩǰЩʧ㡣
һҲҪǵġҶһָۿгԶɽҪȥϸΣ뿪Ļ׸һֲõӡ󣬾ϰ̫ǿƣݲͬͬ־Ǻܳġ
һ㣬ҶҲ뵽ġ
ΪʮĴѾٽˣǰǰطһЩ飬Ҷ뵽˺ļδ󻻽зһЩ飬ͻȻһ־ѣбҪϰҶƽ뽻һ£⽻һ
ݹۼδ󻻽϶Ѿֵѡ֣ŵطֱϽеǣҪʡݵǣ˵λȨأӰԷ䵽ܱ߼ʡҲʱ̱ýעĶ
ҶӡУΪίԱǣǿӦõģǾԲܰϽһãų켺óίָ־ڣôһĻ쵼ǿ϶ǳģҲ֡
Ҷƽھʹһ֮£Զɽ뿪ΪΪϵԼҶƽסͨò߾ȹת;ϽͲͬˣҪҲڽ뿪Ļֻܱ˿ҶƽгίĴϴ
ˣȫͳˣʣҶƽһָ㽭ɽˣô˵
Ҫ֪鲻ҶҵģҲҶƽģ߲Բôɣ
Ȼ˵ϵ̶ռʡռռռռ侯ռǾĻҲֻһϵķݶСͬѡ
εؿĳʡݵξôȨǻľġ
ƶ˰ƸĸʵҲǴطԱƿ¹ģ޷ǾΪǿȨѣһãǸ뷨ۣ
ôĻҲǷǳԵģܹ棬ǽҪ˳볣ϣҲãúˡ
Ĳ޵߲˼ǱȽѲµģϣطϸƽ⣬ҲձҶƽãҲ̾˿˵ҲΪ˷ﵳһȻЧҪһЩǱ׶ҲһСľͻݱΪãǰ֮ʧܶģﻹĺá
ǰһߣҶЦ˵
˵ߣ˼ҾͲ߰ôҲǸʡ쵼¶˵˲㡣Ҷƽ˶һۣȻ濼
ڵҶƽԿ϶ڱ׵ģһ˼Ҫ뿪ҶƽӲҪҲףϾǱ߶Ҳʼˡ
鲿ҲãгίǱ߶ҲãҪġ
ΨһĺôҶƽΪίǣͬʱίԱµȥϣȨҲǺصģټҶĴ󣬵ǿҵȥ⡣
ʱҶƽʾеķչѸͣͬ־һǺͬ־еľ÷չ벻ǵıݻôһҪĿԻǺܴġ
ϾܹҵĴˣʵҲֳԱѣȻҲһĻȨȴҲزҶƽˡ
ңôһܹʾҶƽίͬ־ǵ㹻غӣԼŽͬ־ǿΪһЩӡӷֵġ
Ǻǣǲ߰ҶƽͨЩ飬ҲɵЦ


484 ҶǼ
̫ӣȻŭ
ɽѾˣֻһǱȥ׵ģǿ滹ŶֽҪ౯ж౯ҡ
ʵɽҲеװѪͲˣΪ˱ֵĲһǶŶֽϾ²ǵҶһ٣ȥĻ˶޹⡣
Ϊ飬ɽԸװһ¿Ȼδؾܹͬ飬ȴԳɹؽìתƵҶƽҶǱ߶ȥҲǸİ²ֵһ
쵼һҶҸµȦףôôɣ֣ɽ˵
Ŷһ£Ȼĥ¶˵ͷķҲûе
ԴһΣڳίϹȻ¶ԼҰ֮ҶƽҪ֣Ǻ·תҶ˼¼飬һӾͱڳίǸǺˣһζӲù
Ȼûʲô˵ʵӰȷʵ˹ȵס
ҪгҰʿԣûĿա
ﶼҪ뿪ˣҶƽôӣҶɽеŭɶ
ҶҪߵˣҶҸӻŹҰѵ˵ҪϾɱɣ
Ͽݳǲģ̨Ŀ̨³ԳԺȺȣߵʱ򣬻гƯŮԱֽǸˡ
ɽȥȻǷָû뵽ȴҶˣ˰졣
ʵֽ飬ǰûһϷĳĹοݳʱ򣬾ĸֽǸϵ赸Աǽһá
ﵱʱˬȥ񫣬ҲΪ˸˲ٴۣͨϵǸ赸Աһ£һ׷ӣֱʱʱػϵҲǹϵȽеѡ
Ϊǰľ飬ԽϽӵֽ֮еģһֽѡҪɽҲһηġ
ȴû뵽Ҷһӣɽһåͷ𣬺޲óȥҶƴһ
˵ݳҶҵҶĹ˾Эģɽ
ҶҵĳҶֹ˾飬˶ֻ֪˼棬ҲûйĹݳеĵϸΣʱɽ˵֮󣬾;¶ȷеΪĺۼ
ֻ鶼һģΪҶҹֻ˵Ĳأһϲɹ
ţҲˣЭľҶĻֹ˾ǹ˾ڹڷǳҵǰĴ˾ʵǿڱ˵һָͷƺȫегˡɽǳ϶ػش
ҶҪߵˣҶҶԸ˼𣿡룬ǾҶûбҪԼΪûʲôϵˣš
ɽ˵쵼˵᲻ӣҶҪԸˣǵֽҲֻǸһ˵ݣֻһͷˣЩ鶼ˣ
˵ģҲеֿԻǺܴġ
ʵ²͸еĹϵҪΪ˽ʵĻԭǱҶңҶƽҶӿƣɵӭҶһ衣
ȻˣдҲΪʹȻ̨ԱǺӰǷϵ˵ĻҶƽҶͶ˴ˡ
ںܶʱ˵־޵еģνͨе˵޵УҲûа취ΪûǸ
ܶ࿪ǣһԣǾȻȽаŶȴʵڵģ޷ͣҲ޷ϡ
ΪżȻԣ²͸ҶΪʲôҪԼ
۴ĸǶҶҶûмѹıҪΪûкô
֪ʱҶƽҶĻͲ˿ˡ
鹤ֶͨμӰҶΪģҶƽԿǸ㶨һʡĴ
Ȼˣʡʡʵְ֮Ĳ࣬ǱȽԵģԵõʡǾְ棬һע֣
ʵܹʡĸɲܹȥģͲˣеֱݣòֻź
ٵ˶ԣǸһԽĺشһȥˣ;չȻͬġ
ǲܴˣټһѾ뿪Ƿ֮زǡ˼ȥԼʮΪϡ
ʵǸõطʮ󳡣úܣڵķչδ϶ǹһָľ÷УҼͷҲҪռסĻƽ𱦵ء
ֻƫƫһѹţίԱʵ̫ʡгԶɽ治תһʡûлȨΨ˲ϲߡ
ȥʡݵĻۺʵƵģӵĿռҲΪ
ɽҲеϰµģΪ飬ǱȽϳְģܵúڿ죬˲˽¶
ֻҪˣɽӦúȥδӣȴһ⡣
һ鲻ܸ쵼תսʡģôΰɽĺأ
ɽѾˣճ淢չһΪɲȻ·ŵĳؼְǸܲİš
ںеģѾڳίû˷ȨǷܹŵɽĹأһ޷ȷء
˼Щңվһ裬ȥջǾٸԼ쵼绰һԼ顣
绰֮ͨɽ֪Ȥ˳ȥ
쵼쵼绰ȻҪرܵģ쵼£ؾͨõģɽìܣЩԼǰ̣Ҳء
쵼ãﰡ绰˸˵
Ǻǣ廹ðɡ
ԶԣҪϢǸɲġ
쵼ҵ飬ʲô𣿡
ǣǣ¶ż
ʲôб
˵˵ţϾͿʼ
СҲʵиҪ㣬쵼ҲΪӦÿԷӸá쵼ڵ绰ȻԵʮ㣬Ѹٷչĵ·ΪίǣΪеľý豣ݻģݹͲС飬ȻķչΪ
ǣôأ֮ǰǶԭͬҵĵ𣿡ʱе£Ҳеˡ
ûЩƨ飬Ȼõѡ񣬿ڲһ
˵ίҶǣġ쵼ش


485 ҶҪŲѶ
˵ίҶǣġ쵼ش
ʲô仰֮󣬶ʱ׵⽹ۣ춼˵
˵Ǳ쵼ҪУﻹῼһ£ԼǲĺӣҶƽҪеĻǾûаʲôġ
ûǺ˵ģһڳίжܹһǹȥˣڲˣ鵽˼ңڳίǵоһŶʱը˭Ըӽȫǹ¼ҹһ
ʱҶƽҪԲʲôĹҲԲǾƷǿڳίѾƲʲôˣôһƵίڳίţܱȴӲ֪ʲôطɹһϵ˺õöࡣ
һӾ뵽һ㣬ɵЩľ뵽ϵֽ飬ģѵ˵ҶƽǶ˲ɣ
ȻҶҸӵնİҪУռסίλãñ˽ͬʱҪǧټƵضԼԼûԸ
쵼룬Ǿ뿪бȽϺһЩͨһ㣬ڵ绰ж쵼˵
Ѿ˶ӣ㰲Ĵɡ쵼ĻشȴԵЩΡ
⡭ﻹҪ˵ЩʲôȴִʱǶô԰
ҪѽѽģٻиϢҪ㡣쵼˵Ҷƽͬ־ǱȽϺģȻ˵йܲʾҪʡ飬ҾûǺܻġ
飿ˣʱеЩ죬֪ҶƽôһΪʲôԭ
˵ҶƽӦÿȽϰ۲ŶԣҪӲйҲûбҪ׳ôһͷôȷʵе˼֪Ҷƽĺ«ʲôҩ
ʡ뿪ҪǿˣȥʡҲֻܵθʡְҪ⣬ʱա쵼˵Ҷƽ֣Ȼܹ׽⣬Ժ˺ûᣬ뿪ĻֱӾʡ쵼ˣǺѵõģҪסŶԡ
쵼ڵ绰˵飬ͷȥҵúܣֱ쵼˵绰ҲûһͷҶƽҶǣ׼ôԴأ
û֮ǰЩ飬ҶƽܹʡĻȽϸ˵ģڣﲻҪһ룬ҶҾʲôıأ
ͷ۵һ顣ҡҡͷ
µ绰֮Ȧ
ϣȻ˵
쵼ԺԺ㱨ɽ˽˵
ţһȡ˵ͷȻֶɽ˵Ҳˣ顣
ô˱仯ɽˣʱһ㶣ַ֪ʲôʡ
Ҷ漫Ϊиÿչ˵򣬲ҵλˡ
ɽʱ˵Ҳ仯̫һЩ˰ɣ
ͬ־һУǽ˶еĿ죬ȫؾˡ
ҶʱİܸˣҲжصһ
ϸ˵оٽֳеεģĺܶ飬ǲŲʣԼ鷳ʱȴǼٽоֵ壬ȥҡײƭŻˣôȷʵе
ǿǵĽܳף㲻ʲôˡ
һΰ֮󣬾ί䷢һöȹĽ£ԱһжеĽܳ֡
Ҷǵһ쵽ֶλεĺҫۣžǰҲеۣǱȹͺͺֻһҪɶˡ
Ҳе̫СˣﲻһöһȹĽ£Ҷеź˵
ȹˡҶƽ˵Ϊνȹȹһȹƺţִַ;ί裬ֺƽʱϲÿˣѾʱ׼
ǻˣΪࡣҶ˵
Ҷƽ˵ҲôԵģίˣǾίίԱ֮ǿԿһȹƺŵġ
ڶȹϰֺжشֵģһҶִеİ񣬵һԣȹǲôġ
ȹȽ׵õУҵֻҪȥȽϼı߷һȹشдƼ¼ҲԵõ˵ν͸׵õˣûʲôôһӪλԸνⶫҪʲôã
ȹӦ֪ˡҶƽĶӵļ˵
ҶͷǺܾ⣬ֻǾüȻһȹôҶֻһȹʵеأһǰЩ飬⹱ѫ¶Ǻģһȹʲô
ƾһֻӣһҺĸʮҺǱͧķṦΰ˵һֽ֧ӶΪѫʲôأ
ǺǣⶫȷʵҲķˣǰŲ°Ҷ˱Ǳ߶ľӣɵþЦ
һοһڱǱ߶ר⣬ͷֶԷĸ߼ǣ漸ûһյأȫǹ˸ָѫ½£ǿһⶫҲиôܷ
ֻҪԷӵһǹͷô˾лϣ
ǰҲУûд̣ܽԪ˧ǰ˸ָѫ½£ǵһС
ڵͺöˣΪ겻̣Դҵǰ࣬һҲûбҪʲô棬ʡñЦҶӡУҲǵʱ˧Ͻǣǰöѫ£˼ǿǹѫ׿ʵʵڴҼöѫȫġ
ҾͻؽȥˣʥǱ߶벻ҵġҶҶƽ˵
ţҲûȥˣΪһ֣棬ҲͳҶƽͷشҲҪӰˣִܹ˳ȥʡ㱻ߵʱ򣬶һ̯ӡ
ʱҲû뿪ĴʥԷչĹҪչĻûи塢ǰ첻ġҶش
ƻеֹ۵ģһ˵ĵ޵Уֻ塢ҪȷʵţƺһģҲǽɣ
Ҷô̵ʱڣһСȷʵеֹˡ
ûôʱ䣬ʥ㷢չˡҶƽԥһ£ڿڶҶ˵
ʲô˼Ҷˣ;⻰
ҪˡҶƽ˿ӣڶ˵
ΪʲôҶˣʱסˣȫûпǹ֡


486 Ҫͦһ
ΪʲôҶˣʱסˣȫûпǹ֡
ʥ˵Ǵ޵УҶһִģһԭʥ壬Ǽǧӣʲô
ҶʩչֶͨΣǿϣӲشһ漣һҹҼ¼˶ҴҵͬʱʽפѾʹʥĿĽ㡣
ڵλõĹϵʥ˵֮һǳǣһҵչ֮ĻпܾͻᱻУΪһµ
ȻˣʥķչܹͻͽѾǿĻΪĿҲǺܴģǸʡûϣˣΪʥĵƣδķչǰҲֹֻˡ
ˣҲ൱ˣϾⴿǽһƬհ֮ϵĿ
Ҷ֮ǰ뷨ʥ߶ϼܹ꣬ڶʮ֮ǰһٳģΪҲʥ˳Զ滮ΡúĻȷ棬иԶĹ滮ĿľΪ˵ʱԽһĴ
ôҲû뵽ҶƽȻ˵ʥˡ
澿ʲôԭɵģҶ벻ס
ԭǱȽϸӵģϵ֪ġҶƽЩεرʾ
١Ҷһش𣬵ûʲôͷ
ҶƽĻشô¶ϸĥԭͱȽϸˣͬû˵һ
ʵʥ͵Ʊˣط̫СȷʵڷӡҶƽοӵүӵ뷨Ҳֱӣ뿪ʥҲԣǾҪڽʡóһλ
Ҷˣ˵ͷȻее˼ˡ
ʥչ֮󣬿϶ҪеģΪ߶Ҫ뷢չĻ벻ָ߿Ƽ˲ţָ߿Ƽ˲ſ϶ԸһСطԼеĻ˳ˣ¶ڱС
ôһĻͳˡ
Ҷƽίǣʥ֮󣬾ͳ˸ͬΪٵ˵ǲõģΪ˱ķҶүͬҶ뿪ʥҲǺѡ
ǲô˵ھҶ뿪ĻЩĵġ
Ҫʲô뷨ڹٳǺܳģҶҲе鶼˳⡣Ҷƽ˵
˭ڲǵ̨Ҷüͷʵ
ȥͷӡҶƽشǱǷǣͲö֪ˡ
ŶЩͷ鷳ˡҶˣҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪¶һǣͷǣͲôðˡ
Ȼ˵ҶүڵĶ׳ĻкܶһԪǴڵģЩ˿һƲʲôһȺ˵ĻǸӰͺܴˣ˭ҲܺǵĴڡ
ЩȻѾȥˣκ;УڷһãԼױȵӰȻܲȴʵ
ڵ߱뿼Ǻܶ⣬ܶࡣҶƽ˵һ궼Ǵӿ߹ģӰܴ̳˻˴Ӱܴ󣬾һ׳Ҳóȡǵ
¶֪أڳʹߣ滹ЩʹġҶһҲǵģһˣڼұǺܺãû¶ҪϹָһʲô˶ݣ˵۰
Щˣ߲ҲûʲôƢġ
ڵλˣϾͣҾͻָ㣬ҪǸҵһȺͷǵĻ֤´һѡƱҲԲԶš
һ仰˵߲Ҳϣά־棬ϾһԼҲȥĻͬ⣬ϾǱģԼڶͬ־ǵ̬ȣпܾͬ־ԼЩ˵̬ȡ
ʥҵȻ뿪Ҳܽ˵СҶ룬ھͰлɹίˣҪվȽŸҲûô׵ġ
ʵϣҶ˵ĻҲʵʥһִģֵȫҶϵЩ˳ҶĻ˭Ҳǡ
ĸһҶҲԸ˹ȥժӣҶԿһ֮ھԾģϾҶһԭ԰ҵһԭ
Ҷʥˣô⼸ҴҵȻҲûıҪ
һ룬ҶˣµĹίˣ԰ҵȴһȿֺʥʲôģ˵һû
ʵĵλǳҪĽ죬˵ѼӶߵĸɲ˭˵Ǻϸĸɲ
ôãԵҶ̫СˡҶƽԴ˵еԥ
ҲԲл飬ʱ˵ĻĥˣԶְҲǸѡ񡣡Ҷ˵
ʵϣҶҪԼĵ̶˵Ļʵ̫ˡ
ֻһô뿪ʥЩҪβһµġҶüͷ˵ļƻһЩҵ滮ҲҪģǸ̫ܡܡϫܵۺĿҪעһЩעС
ʵϣǼҹ˾ҲҶ˽˲ҵĻ˭ỨôǮֳֺõأڵͲһǮһú̿ļ۸ҲǱ˵úܡ
ڸҵĲûмٱ֮ǰⷽ㹻ˣԴҶ÷չԴʵϾ飬ǵʵĿûпǹͶʵõС
ҶԼԴҪԣʱǲܹץסȻĻٶֿɾˣϾгڹڵ͸ûпʼڻлǿȫ磬պٶֵĻë̲ˡ
ǲ̫ʱģҲһ°ɡҶƽ˵
Ҳ̫۸ˡҶʱŭˣҲ֪¶òԾðɣȻˣҾ֪֪ʲôı٣ҲøԼһҵʱԵҶ̫𣿰ͣÿ¶ͦȥĿܰɣ
ҶƽҶĻɵЦһ£͸Ҷͬ־Ӧñ㹻صġа취ͦһꣿ벻ʲôð취
еͬ־ߵѣе϶Ϊ˺֮ǴڲġҶǿ͹۵һЩͷǣȻŻش׵취ǣ˵û˼ˣȻ˼Ҫ棬ôܵø㹻ľϲŶԡ
Ҷƽ֮󣬵˵ͷҵǲĸһϲҪ̫־ˣͷȷʵöԸġ
ǺǣϲѣնսܵĳЩѪֳҵĹҶ˵ţʲô˻ʥң
ǺҵӵܣʮɣֱӴӲίġҶƽشһλԪϵŮһҲҵһλá
λúòã˶ġҶ˵һ


487 
Ҷû뿪Уͽӵ˾鲿ϢǸ˵ֽ¼¶һ˿
ϢԸҶģڴµӡ
еļͷɣģǾǺҡڵ绰жҶ˵ǸϷѵŮˣϷңǼٵģǾϸķԱ֮ҵĳǰǺйʲôϵͲǺˣһγֽȻͲ֪ˡ
ţˣ˷ʱˣǵĿģҲҪĻֶѡҶ˵Ѿ˾ǺңСʱԷŹʲôʸ񣬸ҸҶҽа壿
ȻǾңǴûгֹϵ쵼ˣĵǳλҶȫһϵģҶͺܺ棬ΪʲôǸҸҶ鷳أ
Ҫ֪һҪҶίεһλҲھǺҵġ
ҵĵȻһǳλ˽ģȴЩ£һλԪϵŮԺҸˮǴߣϵͷȽͣٹĻǵֱϵпܻλԱǸ鱨ģЩȻŶ壬¾͸Ҷеԭ
ǸҪҵλõĺӵܣҶ֮ʵ
ǺǣҲ֪ˣڵ绰Цʵ
Ƕ֪ˣһ˰Ҷ֮󣬺ܲرʾ
һҲûʲô˼ͽĻشǼ򵥵úܡ
Ҳô˵ˣֲǾܲģҶ˵һ֪Ļҵ岼ֻЩôġȻҲҰ֪˴£ǱϾЩִˣֻˣֶöԷŤ¶ɣ³ˡ
Ҫս֮Цˣǿɲãֻ˶Ҳһ룬ϣ˭ܱɫģҵĺȻܶ˶Ƶ˵緶ҿҲǳСȷʵҲͦģסҪҪԸǽһʡ͵ʴףǾͲˡ
𣿸ҴһݶҶ˵
еУǺܶ࣬Ҿãδؾܹ˵ȫҶ˵ҸϣԼ۾ȥжϣʡΪϸɴǾͲҵıˡ
˽⣬ллˣ塣ҶǳϿҵرʾԼĸл
壬һֱҶֶദҶǺиģʵϣҶҴûа嵱ɹ
֮ͨҶ;Ų顣
峤ִ鱨ţɫɫ˼öˣʱۣǷǳˣܲҶľ衣
һǱڵĶ֣ҶȥñȽͻأҶļ䵱ȥȻûзڵκκۼҶеЩ졣
˵һҰк̨ôԼļ䵱Уûжӡģʱȴûзκεĺۼֻ˵һ⣬ҪôΪԼֵĺЧӦı죬Ҫô˺һȥ˱ܲţԲΪ֪Ҫô;ˣΪĳЩʧȥϵĶ
ȻˣҶԼڳһʥͱ˸ˣûд󱳾Ҳ֣ϾҶҲǳصģʸֵˣԲᳬһƵ
ʵϳֵģȴĳλԪֵ֧ĺңҶ濪ʼĥԼӦγֲõѡ
˵ʵǸгίеκһλֵ֧ϣҶûʲôҪ˼ɵģΪҵλ·ҶʤһԴҸʩչֶͨΣһϸ¾ˣ˾ĻͷڣͲòСĽһЩʡýìܸתƵҶƽȥһЩӰ졣
ܿ죬ںϾʹ˹
Ҷһ£װһֻļУȻ̵ߵ棬ھƵ¥Ĵ裬һ߶ַЩϣǺʲô
ʱɫ磬㣬͸شյ˴
ҶһſĴԱߣһ߶裬һ߶һ֧ȦȦ㡣
һӣͷǺģʱɼ׿ʮ꿼ϱѧʮμӹ¹ʮԿ֧Ԯ߽һصĳص쵼ʮ벿ίĳɲʮµϷĳйְص벿ίθּɲֱڡ
ӺƽƽȣûоʲôĲۣμӹʮһʱͰְ࣬ȷʵߵʵʵ˭Ҳʲôë
ҶʮˣֱӾ˸λϣ˵Ҫ˵ġ
ʮʱӦûæдҵģҵأ˵ʮ꣬ʱļȴһ˸оЩġ
һҪǺпܾǽҶΪʥĹίѡ
ʮһĸҶԼ°ͣ顣
˳Է϶Ἣƶʥеģ֮ڽʥΪ¼ⲻô˳¾ͿԳΪʵְɲ
ƾҪıʡλˣʮʱ븱ʡУʮһ˳λõĻ¿ɳɣʮ֮ǰ֣ʮ굽ʮ֮ǰ볣˵뷨ѭŰͰһ·Ƶġ
һ֮ҶЩط֣ƺӦҲĳһѡ֣Ҳһ̥򲻻ôȥһҶҹ̨ҪǹҶĸݵء
ҶǾƺǶԷĻҲܱô׳ˡ
Ͼûϵʡλ֮ǰٳջǺܴģҲ׾ͱòֵԴ֡
ҶͬȻһʼڻ̬ǰеģǺ죬Ҽǿ޷ĵزԲõĻᱻ˺ֻҪûз´Ĵ󣬾Ͳܱ˸£Ǹ¶ѡ
Ҫһ㣬Ҷھ÷ƵλҪԮܹȫչϽڵľãǱ˱Ȳ˵ġ
ǲô˵ںѾΪԼĵһˣˣҶҲûȤȥһɲʲôأ
ġͻȻһҶǰзһֻ߽űʢ˽ɫĴŷḻĭľơ
ŶҶ̧ͷ˿ԷҼǵûеⶫɣ
Ƕλ͸ġÿ˶λãضҶ˵
ҶĿ˹ȥͼһʮҵӣ΢ЦſԼ


488 Ŀ
ҲʶҶܸɴضԷ˵
û뵽Ҷô˵ɵЩľƲ֪Ӧδá
˻ȥˡҶ˵
ǸӣҲòãЩʣֻòƫᣬߴһңȽУûжô˶ǽ
Ҷ˵֮󣬾ͺļУԹԵغԼ
ΣʱҲЩΣֻö˻ȥǸӽ߶顣
Ҷ֮䣬˴жʮ׵ӣм仹˺üӣбֵĸţǲ˵ЩʲôֻҶ۾ȥʱ򣬾ͼǸӽľƽ˹Ȼֶţ߶˹
˵ƤͦİҶе⣬氵ֹ
ҶǺ飬衣˹еľƱϣȻԾЦضҶ˵
ȻǺˣϲųԵġҶ˵
һȻ˵Ҷе⣬Ҳû̫⣬ֻЩ棬ô磬ʲô
ҶȻȽСȴǳڣЦ˵ҶѾ֪˭˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷƬ濴ҪһЩ
߲Ǳˣһλʥίһְĺ
˵ȥҲǶʮ߰ӣʱһǳɫɫߵװȥӣ
Ҷεô˵ҵģƺЩʵ
Ҷ˿˹ȻѵõĺܣһƤʱģҴֲ죬˴֮仹пǾ֣ôܽϵݽ
ҶҲһˣͷź˵ţӦô˵أĹԱӴѧҵУڼ俪ʼһƴʼˣһһӡʵúܡ˵ĻӦôڱˣһٳȻ󸱲ȻͲ˵ˣұϾĸ׾
ȻҶ˵һѣϸĻͻᷢû͸¶κҪϸڣǽڱĶ˵һѣǳ͹ۣȴ롣
һ仰˵ֻҪǶԺľȤˣκ˶ּܹͨ򵥵ֶΣݶϡ
ҶеţˡЦŶҶ˵ʵʸһЩҲҶε棬ֻôǳԵݡ
ݣһûʱҶĻش͸޳ˡ
׽Լţ̣һЩǣȻһ¶ȣ΢е̣ͽַ£ָָϵļ˵Ҳ֪ǷӦòɣʱˣһ
ĻشԵЩˣںǰ˵Լ߶йϸϣʲôΪƣ
ϾҶֲǺϼƾʲôѼϣһǴ˳ȥĻͻᱻ˸һòֶѼζ鱨ĴñӣΪ˸ۡ
Ҷôţƣź˵ˣҾڿϣһʲôҪ飬ȲҺҪҲҪΪԼĺҪҵ۾棬ֻڳԷȾƺġ
ķӦҲܳϣûָֻϵǷݶϣҶܿ𣿡
㣿Ҷ˿òҡͷ˵Уļ𲻹
Ϊʲôأʾ޷⣬ҶǸɲҵˣΪʲô˵ҵļ𲻹Ҷô˵е۸Ŷ
ǲҶȷʵرʾݶϣίǣҲδؾʸĶģίԱ࣬Ҳܸ쵼ͬ־ܹģ˵ʸǲġ
ˣ֧°͵ô˵ĻǷΪҶѾаˣ
Ҷ˵Ǹ쵼ͬ־ûʸȥϣҶô¶쵼ίԱ˵ͨ
Ǹ⡣Ҷڵ˶ȶЩػش
Ҷ̧ۣʵļֱֱ̫ͣӿԽӴҵĺܶĻܣЩίԱǶǺģϾǸݱȽ⣬ȲھĽڣڴڵⲿţܹһۡ
ȻҶĻҲֻз۶ѣҪ˶ϸҪˣȻûʲôƢģλȻڱȽ˭޳һЩ
ҵе֣ʲôҶ˿ţ̣ȻЩʵ
λˣҶΣʵ֮ϲش
ô͵ȿˣҶˣЩ⡣
ȻȽսթĳЩ棬ûѵıҪҶǰûбҪԼֵôС
ǿһڵʱ䣬ֻòʱ䣬Ͳôʰɣ
ˣҶһ䡣
ˣ֮Щ죬˵ͷձˣһʱ䣬ӦþҪˡ
̧Լһ£ǾŵӣԼʱ䡣
ȻҶͿ߽ͨŮһĸˣֻһ·̬֪ձˡ
ĿˡҶԺ˵վϵļУԼҸ¼ţһ£ʹ˸𡣡
Ҷһ·ߺáվͬҶ
ҶҲûлͷذ˰֣Ȼ˳ȥ
ձ˵ǽٵ˹ȥҶػͷһͼͬձ˵Ȼ˵ɵЩ
ӢҶǱȽ֣ǶľͲˣ޷Ǿǡһ⡱ĪĪ˸³֮ĻöģĲǺˡ
ǿǸӣ˵÷ǳŶ
Ҷߵ˰̨Ǳ߶ˣһơƣȻ˳ȥ
߳ȥ֮Ҷ˻֣̾һȥͨĿ˹
Ҷ֣ʲôԸԷСʵ
ĸձˣŮڸһ˽̸ҶļУ˿һºƬȻ˵Ҽˣ⼸ձ˵һ£Ҫ̫룬Ϳˡ
ǣ֤񡣡̻ش
ţעǸƬϵļһ˱ȽϻͷҪǵע⣬ߣҲпǵͬжҶһ£
֪ˣҶ֡
뿪˾Ƶ֮ҶĥӦþΪĸձ˶ģֻǲҪʲô飬ȻҸ˵ֽ¼ϷйϵôȻҲܹɡ
ǼɵλԪϵĻҶͶԼеȨŪȥúõˣȴֻܰ
˵˻ͦ˼ģҲǻ͵Ķ֡


489 ͼ
ǹٳ̳һԣһĶ֣һĶѡ
ҶһģҲΪѡǷǳҪģܹ߽ߵ֮٣⵹Ҷٵ۽̫ߣ˵ڴֵȽϸߣǲָܰʲôҲҪǸͱ¦Ӳźá
ȻˣоֵԱǺ˳ֵģǲǮġ
У鲿ҪסһЩоֵȻֵʤһԱ̫ӣѱ֤ʵʵԼĻǿԵģҪǾֵһ
ٶ飬оֵǡġ
Ȼʱ򣬾͵õǱϢ
Ҷ֣鵽Щձ˵ĵϸŶģҶһλоֵعطġ
Ŷô˵Ҷʵ
ǼձˣͷĽɽڣձһҽϲʽĸ糤ԱǾƵ齡طܵ˵һιǸ̸ġ
ʽ磿ôôһ֣Ҷ֮Щ˼ʵû˽⵽Ǵ̸һ⣿
˵ͶʸͻҵطشҶһۣСĵ˵Ǹ˵ҪʥһҴ͸ҵϲʽڵһڹУܾҪͶ볬ʮԪʽ𡣡
ʮԪҶˣҲеԾڵҶԪĻʣһңӦ˵СͶˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷ㽨趯Ͷ뼸ڵʽ𣬵ΪԼǮһӾʹձʮԲͶʣȷʵеѶȡ
Ҷһ˼˵
ȻδʥĹѾĴ㣬ǰҶһִʥǣҲǺ̤ʵȻ˵ʥѾ˶Ҵҵ񣬵Ҷġ
ȥʥҵӵĻͱˡ
ûеΣͿʼͶʵ⣬Ҳ֪ʹʲôӣȻձҪʥͶʽ͸ֳͻҵ
Ȼ˵ڸ¼Ͷʽֳеݶƺ߿Ƽվı߶ϸһ룬Ҷͷһ⣬ҵص㣬ҪĹ˱Ƚ϶ࡣ
һĻʥ˿ڻɾ˲٣ټϸְʲôģԼԵҵȵȣʥ˿ڻ̻ӭһܴͻơ
һҵ˿ڣôʥ񣬾ͱ׶ˣпһھܹɹΪĸ߿ƼС
˳µسΪеɲϸߵֱϽзչʮ֮ǰͳϸѶϵСˡ
¶Ҷһ㣬ɵһ
ΣʥҲҶģԼժӵҲˣöֵ˱ˣҶٻʲô찡ԣһͷײˡ
˴̽鱨ĺط֮ҶͲͨС÷׳ĵ绰
СôͻȻС÷绰С÷׳ӵҶĵ绰ȻЩȵġ
ѯ顣ҶЦ˵ձһҽϲʽҵҪͶʣ֪ҵϸϣС÷ܲܰæһ£
飬ô¡أһΪʲôءС÷׳̾ЦһڴӦפʹ⽻Ȼܷ㡣
ʵϣפʹݻ϶Ѽ鱨Щ鲻ʲô¶ֻҪ漰¶һ仰ܹġ
ϲʽͨҵʹݷֻҪ򶫾ѯһ£ͿԵõصϡ
ʵҶͨľ鲿ҲǿԽģֻǾ鲿̫УҶԸ鷳ѣͨ⽻;½ʽϢǱȽʽ׵
ȻˣûС÷һϵĻʹݷҲҶҪ
ϵʱ򣬹½ʽϣͨ绰ˡ
ҶԹɳϸĶϲʽϣͷҵʵһӰӣνͶʣпܾͨODAԪɵġ
ݾ֯ԮίԱĶ壬ODAָΪչйṩģھ÷չģˮƽ25%ϵ
һձ¼ƻʼ޹ΪķչйṩODAһ߾꣬ձʼ򹲺͹ṩODAձODAҲǹ͹ʷϵһνĿԮ
ձԻODA޳ʽԮԪʽ
޳ʽԮָձΪĳһضĿйṩĲҪԮʽѺҽԺջĵȶձ޳ʽԮġ
ָձʣзǲԱ޻շǲרѧڼṩġ
޳ʽԮͼҪзѣķ롣
ӦָձͨձʺJBIC򹲺͹ṩĻޱȽϳʱȽŻݵĽʱȽŻݣֽҲͱΪԮʶͳΪODA
Ȼ˵¼֮9091꣬ԻԮĿһͣ٣˻͵ƣԪODAҲڿʼָ
ݹƶġ塱ƻغڼƵͬʱҼӿСĿš
귽ͬ־еĿ죬ҲǵеֽΪͷĳôΪһصֵ֧ĵ
ƻȻغڴ˵ĻʩԴص㣬ǿʩ裬ʹغ·ۿڡˡͨšˮ硢Ľ״бȽԵĸƣһɽˮͨ͹ҵĿԴЩľ÷չȵȡ
ΪϹ͹ġƻԪODAҲһЩ˵оص֧˸ҵļ͸»Ͷʶ֮࣬զࡣ
ⷽƻʥ͸ƺҲǸ֮١
˵Ŀˣʥ˰϶ܹܺõؽϾҵȷʵǱȽϾ˵ġ
ҶҲһäĿȳ֮УزгҲڱǰҹһӷſҵȷʵӭһδı
۹⻹ǲģֻûиһ飬ҶʥĶλȫͬģҶûпǹҪʥһԱܼ͵Ŀǲ뷨
ҶһǿЩܼͻԴܼ͵ĲҵģῼЩĿ¹ĿŵøԶһЩҪ׬ǮҪɣһҪǽЩȥ׬ǵǮ
ȽȻļƻˣΪʥʲôģʵ޷ܵġ
¶ýˡҶ˾


490 ԪODAǰ
Ҷ⣬ԪODA˵ͶʣõʥϰգҪֹġ
ǮȥҲҶ磬ڵõİ䷢Ȼ°ˣڵԭ
Ϳһ£黹Ҫϲ·ߺͻϵ·ӣ¶ɱͬʱ취ʽ
ʹ˵绰ҶƽѯԪODA顣
Ŷ˵ӦΪˡҶƽ֮󣬹ȻȽ飬ǰһӣָոյõһĿСԪODAͬʱһЩʩҲõȵԪODA
ԪODAʾӦô綨ģҶʵ
е㲻ԪODAʣодΪһһ벿֣ʣಿֵϢҲǳͣڽϳȫӯʵĴ
¶˵ѹ㲻Ҷƽش׷ԴĻ⻹Ҫձս˵𡣡
ô𣿡ҶˣʱЦ
֪ԪODAǴӸĸ￪֮Ÿģô׷ݵձսˣ
˵Ԫƻ̸ܲձһ֮սҶƽԶ˵1951꣬ڳսսĻı£ձԶͷȨλ9£52ҵĴ۾ɽɽжպͻᡣͽݿ˹工⣬󲿷ǩˡɽɽԼԼձıռʱȷԾͬΪչϵԼʮĿر涨ձȡս⳥Ȩ
ԼԶףǹҾܾϣɱƺͻᣬ顢ɹšԽϡӡڶ޹Ҳ׷ױʾԣձ⽻ŨصӰǱӰؼա
ԪƻһأǺгջ1954꣬ձĸָѳսǰˮƽȡԴطгΪ֮˿ڶࡢҵĶǣͳɱƷҪôһɽɽԼΪռЩгϰ
Ϊˣ1954꣬ձӢΪּԮǵĿ¼ƻ˺ȡֱԴͻƵĲԣּڻ޵ļ
̬ǿӲ⳥Ĺң顢ɱӡᡢԽŵ⳥Է⳥ĹΡկ̩ǡ¼¡ȣǩ׼⳥Эṩ޳Ԯ19582£һָ¡ַˣӡǩһԪЭ
ϣǺս޹صԮ
ŶôҾˡҶ֮ǸԪODAǰҲ˸ʶ
һ仰˵ν޳ԮһԪODAսı֮һ
⳥޳ԮԼԪ˺ʮ䣬ձ޸ԵأʮڣѾΪȫԾôˡ
ԴˣԭձפϹʹڲ̸ед̹ԣս⳥뾭ԮӽϿҹó׷˻á
ڣ70ڣձĿͶ˹͹
սʱ򣬷˶ձս⳥Ҫ󡣡Ҷƽ˵Ȼӿ˵ʱ⽻̣Ҳ۲ݡʱǵ㴢ǳţַǳҪձڸԼ豸óѸʼֻϡȱʯԴȡһС
ô϶ǷǳģҲҪıС
궫֥˾³ձϴŷûǩճھЭз쵼̸Ҫշʽ𣬵̫ˡҶƽ˵ձ浱ʾԪƻOECFԸԵϢڵŻΪ͹ṩܼİ
ODAԭԮ룬ǼʮʼǿεߡҶƽ˵¶ͣˡ
Ŷһ⡣Ҷͷ룬õʱĹ˳ԼҪձ˽Ǯȷʵһܴ⡣
Ҳˣ60˺ٶԻԮЭǵľýɾ޴˺ͬʱҲʹǶԮʶӰ֮ǲȡ˶ĴͶʡԮܺͼծҲծߡҶƽ˵
ʱծծǿǼǳԺ顣ʵ뷨ʵǷǳصģھý輫ΪҶƽ˵ֱͬ־ձODAĿӭ˹ؼתۣڲιձ¸֮󣬸дͱʾ߶ӦУӦʾ͹Խڶ¶Ϳʼˡ
ҲһۣڷƺͲţ޶ԻṩڵϢ֮⣬ȴʮֹעձĶ򣬶ձһԻ΢ʣձ͹ԣǹ͹ЩȹҲɹձ
˸Ҳ׷ױʾ뿹飬ΪձԻ¶ԼԮĴĹ͹Ӵ˳Ϊǿó׾֡
ˣҲʹձѣʾǿҲ
ΪùʶԪODAڹ͹չõش塣
ȫȨµǹίԱлΣǾĳʵ˵һ500ԪĴȻʵʩϰѡҶƽ˵Ҫѣһǹʽ㣬зϸıƻһЩ쵼ΪǮǰǮʹãװԼӿڽ衣ϳԼ̵ķþµԼҹزֱͣһ죬лε˰칫ǰģļͬ½˰칫Ҳŷֵġ
Ҷƽἰ£ҲЩȻ
Ϊʱ䳤޴󣬶ԻODAҲձý峤ƵĻ⡣
ÿ⽻ĦýҪѶԻODA˳һ
շŴǿԹ͹Ԯ˰ձԻԮǲ׻μҶԹ͹쵼˵׽𣬶͹ձġѪ˰ԮǵлձԻԮ࣬з
κﶼԡҶ˾˵ͨԪODA͹Ȼõ˷չʽ𣬵ձҲ˹͹гһֶֻζѣǳ棬еնˣ˵ȻЭ飬ô˭ҲǷ˭ʲôԿռˣдֽˡ
ˣҶǺϸѯ̣ȻҶƽνˣ
ԸıͶʷȷ˵񶨸ҵͻҵͶʣתҵ˵ͻȵȡҶƽԪODAҪЩеģǽÿտǹ˾ǮתΪͶ˶ѣ͵ʴ׾ˡ
Ҳ԰ҶˣȻǸ⡣


491 Ե
ʮĴٿ֮ǰڵкܴı仯
ʡʡն£ʯνʡԭҪ˾ӶߵʡίĽףȴϵΣڽʡЧ
رʡʡίɽͬ־ɹ֣ξίְ񣬹Žͬ־Ҳʱܵľж£˳ӡ
ҶҲûռϳҵıˣرʡίǵı£ϾرʡܣȻԾýελȴȽУҶұѾ˾ȨûбҪôҸеˡ
ԣҶҵ˸߲вͻƣȲչĲԣ̫ɽ¶ˮӰΪҪĿġ
ϳ𽥼ֵƿأȫڲȷչһ˼ҪǮ۶ȥˡ
ͬ־һϵȻȥˣǱǳ󣬱Ͼһ¾ܹʧġ
˵λǣǸиİţ˵ͬ־ĲӾñȽϴˣʵ˽ĳɶֹȫƿعЭϯҲڻкܴĹϵˣҲλãϾĲš
һϾͿԿʮĴ֮ǰȨ䣬Ͼǳ䶨˵ЭϯܻȥһλίԱʯȨͬ־λãԭҶеľŴҲûͨһ£ܻλгί
˵ͬ־ԸݽгίУмίԶͬ־λǣпܳΪһλݲгί
ȻЩδ֣֮Ҷ鱨¶ö˵ģǲˡ
ָͷһ㣬Ҷ;δʽҶһǱȽġ
ȽгίλˣԼҵĹϵȻ˵δҲھͻǴұ˴˵󣬴֮ǿͨԻЭģ֮ǰϳ¼ҶԣǺ̫ˡ
ǲķҲУЭϯʯȨͬ־˸ҶߵñȽԶһЩǸǰһУҶָܹദú죬ֻҪǲĶ״̬ǰӷ
һЩı仯˵Դͬ־ȥ˹Ժθа츱̷ʤͬ־ҽίԱУΪͬ־Ĵܹܡ
гί仯ȫָˣԭбߴУ̯ÿͷϵȨĿ϶ˣǴһ׳ͬ־߶ȴǰȨˣΪ¼ļλίУЩѣЩˣίԱеı仯Ҳˡ
ھƿҲڼǿ˵ί׳нͬ־͵˽ͬ־
ʡԱ߶Ҳ˱Ƚϴĵġʮλͬ־¡תְǽһε
ɲµططɲҲһδеһɫ
ԣȨƽ⣬ط˺˹˸˵Ŀӣһδٿ֮ǰҪһٴ롣
ڴ֣ҶһԹߣҲûϾ̫ˡ
ˣкܶע⵽ϾʮĸɲܲעĿ
һκλӣ˵һЩ⣬ľַش֮Ҷүǲûֹ飬еݵ˼
ȻˣҶܹᵽǵ飬Ҳ֪ʵһЩòʵΪ˸ǰһ߶ʧȥ˶ȻҪӱ𴦲浱Ҷô۸ģ
ʵϺҲҶң˺ȻõĳλԪϵչˣȴҲм˴˵ҶȻ뿪ʥǱ֤һʺĺλþˡ
ȻˣҶȻһµʱ䣬ʥ顣
˵ٿһҶϵȫ飬۽ĶԲߡ
ǣҶûô
ǴˣӴֶЩ鱨Ҷ֪һʱڣ΢е紵ݶܹ˵Ķȥ
һҪ̾ͻ˴˵Ҷ֯쵼֮ĻʥҶҵĺ԰ʲôģЩ˵ü򵥣Ǵ˵ĻͱȽ鷳ˣҶ컰
ڹ۶ϣȻˡ
ôῴҲ˳ۣҶȥĸ󣬼Ҷүӡ
Ҷүľ񲻴ɫ˺ܶ࣬һҶŪ˰ɽλصҽһҶүÿհʱãȻԪ
νϣֺ֧ҶλӵλԪϣΪ̫ȻʵȨδؾͺܴ󣬵ӰԶߡ
Ϊ̫£ҶүЦ˵ϵŮףϱָϳ¼ҹϵϷҹϵҲϽˣ㵱Ȼ˳ˣܰŲطܰδŮ˳Ǳ𣬺ֶΪأ
ˣʵҿѾˣĻǳʲô鷳ءҶˣֱǱĵ˼㡣
ûһĹףôţȨӱõ˶Ѿõ˹ˣȻ˼أڼ۸ˣǿɾƷˡ
ңҲǵĹֻͣǽûѡ
Ǹ߲Ҳ̫ԭˣֹ䣬׶ɲҶԴ˸еΪҪйģʥɵúúõģڴչͼأͻȻôժӵģ˵𣿸οʥҵѪɣһ˺Ϲ㣬һͿеˣô¶
ǸСӣ㾭úееģΪ˳ȣôûʲô©Ҷүɳ˵Щͬ־ںĿǱȽֹ۵ģΪܹʥĹȥ
ҿɲţСҲˣıӦûǰѺ֣˵㾭ý裬٣СôĶ֪ҶζԺӡ
ǲö𣿡ҶүӿҶһ۵㲻ӣ˵װױʮɷµµΪ
ǵҲǡҶͷҶү˵Ҳе
Ȼ˶ΪҶǿôһ˴۾ĻǴҶ֮Ψֲ˰ɣνĽӰ˵ţҲҪõ
˵λ˶ݵĹϣҲеǳôôһŮǰ׻һͰ
˵ʥƿȲǿһִģҿɲűܴжҶүӿҶ˵Ļˮ׼ǲô߰һĺ¶ģôҶҵĻҵء
Ҷһ֪Ҷүӵ˼ˣүҲǿʤ֮ģҪʥΪҶͺԱȵսء
ǶԷһͿĻҶүӵϣ쳣ʣ
ѧӾӣִӾתý蹤˵һ㾭õҪɲЩҲһ˿ģԼҶҵӵܣ
˵ˣҶҶүӵĸоǾһѷâ¶Ŀ쵶ȻҶܹķȴһֶô
Ȼˣôͽв˶԰ɡ


492 ߵӰ
ҶӣҶүǺĵġ
ʥĸɲ϶ҶһԼˣеǴӾ鴦ŵҶϵȻǿסġ
úȥλӣʵһܳܳĳ壬ΪȻ֪Ҷʥúܺãȴ֪Ϊʲôôá
ʥĹؼڸɲǼҵʲôƣҶ̸ʱ򣬺Լ飬ҪǱȥҲתĻֻ벦ˣǮ˭
ɣǰûעı¾ж󡣡Ҷү˵
ӵ;кܶģģһʼͰͰѭż尲źõ·ǰȵһ̶֮ͻȻڹǰ࣬һƷ󱬷
⿪ͷʮ꣬Ҳô׶ɹģܻиָϰ֣ܹ˳ģ϶Щ£ԵҪҶʱúΪʥίεʱҶүӲûгԷԣѡ˾䡣
ΪгίʵûбҪΪ˵ֻҪʵʱ˵һҶֵĻԷٲ
ƤȽϺΪҲȽҶǺ̸ܻ顣
ŶҶү֮󣬾Цˡ
ʵҲֶ֣ٴҶҪҶ˵Ҫǻһʵҵİ࣬ҵǲ˼֣۸ʵǲõġȻӦõľܵǰȥŪ浱һƽϰ
¶ֻ˵ҶүЦ
ҶҲûָҶүӳ棬ûǸҪֻ˵Ҫ̨һʥгڷչ滮ĿͳԶĿ궼һţύԺġ
¶ȥͬ־㱨ɣҲͦģϴʱ򣬺ͬ־߶ţȥһҲáҶү飬Ϊ֪ҶѾʼڿˣԸֽ
ͬ־ûʱ䣬СɣҶ˵
ǵڣȷʵͦæġҶү˵һ˰ƸĸĹ룬Ͼˡ
ڷ˰Ƹĸ쵼ǵΣҶʵ
ֵ֧ģϾľ״Ҷͬܣξǵطǿƣͣܲãı䣬Է˰ƸĸǾбҪġҶүӱرʾ
Ŀǰԣ˰ƸĸۣȻǾֳίϣڲ֮ǰгίרȡ˲͹˰ֳڲ˰ƸĸĻ㱨
ͬ־ʾҪо˰ƶȸĸ⣬ְָһֲӦгõƣûһģ˰Ѿ˷ǸĲɵĵز
ֳίʽ׼˰ƸĸĻ˼·Ҷү˵˰ƸĸڽڿʼֽС
Ȼ߲Ѿ¾ĶԲΪľƽиĸǷ÷˰µطֻǺȷǷȫȫз˰ƻû
Ȼ֮Ŷ¶еóֵġҶ˵
ӡУΪз˰ƣͬ־û¹򣬸ԭڸ߲ڲǳͳһģһЩͬ־ǶڴȻйǡ
˵طϣڷ˰ƵУȻûʲôõĿˣϾǻڶʳ
ȺڵǿӵģֻҶӡУƺз˰֮ļ䣬˰÷ǳ徭ӪҲã˽ӪҵҲã׷׽п಻Ҳ侭÷չĲͨ͵ú
ļУʹвȥƶһЩصĿķչ񾭼õķչԣӦ˵˷ǳõġ
еʱһߵƶ˵˭˭ĸٷ䣬û̫仯ǰ£Щ˵ˣζЩ˵ˣһģԲǶôĸĸܻбɺͷԵ޷ġ
Ҷǵúļ䵱УһڳԷʱһλڹĳί赭д˵ƺǺܲ۵һ顣
ʱ˶еЩȣҪ֪ڵطϣǸûʵȨˮˮţأһССĴȻôĲ֧Ȩ
ڵطϣ˵һ֣ǾһҲûôĲ֧ȨΪģΪطûǮһܻάֹԱʸһǷʦ͹ԱĹʣҼ55ǰݡµְڵĴרҵǰ¸ˡ
Ҫ֪룬ҲҲصĹ򣬶ڵطسҲð뱲ӡ
˺һһ괥ĿĵĹƱ棬˸оίȷʵǮÿίÿƳΥʽǼǧԪΥĿ֧ʽ͸֪ൽȥˡ
ÿԪΥʽרܲǮ⣬˴
˵ĵطԱԲȥʢ٣ǵĹԱȥǾͲУΪȨʹǮھǣҪǮҪٶȥ
ת֧Ĳ͸״̬˸פܲǮҪԭ
ʵϣפѸ͵طȨʷݱ䣬ط˰Ƹĸ֮Ϊ
Ҫ֪1991꣬ǻֻ186мϵפ졣
˺פԾ˵ٶ52Ҹʡϰ´֮⣬520м5000ؼ´ϸЭᡢҵʹѧ紦פһҡ
ɼһߵӰʵǴˡ
֮ǰǿ֮һҶˣô˵
Ȼ˵еģҶڵһʱõ˺ͬ־ټ
ҶҵӻǺܺõģҶҲǺͬ־ǳעɲ˺ͬ־ӵҶϣݼϢ֮󣬺ܿͳʱ䡣
ͨ˲ؿҶ˺ͬ־칫棬Ⱥټ
߶ŵѾܲˣʡԱЩҶŶ죬һΣǵűͬ־ټˡ
Ͼͬ־ǽҪΪгί֮һĴˣһ쵼˵УݻʱȻҪ̬ȣ²õӡ
ֵһǣͬ־µĸɲǣǱȽģ֮硣
ƽͬ־СɣƺϳҶݣЩʵ
ǣãҶҶͷϵû뵽ϵңû˼к
Էвʡʡʡίɲͬ־ʮˣλȨأǱһ֣Ҷû뵽ȻϳԼе⡣
Ǻǣƽͬ־ñȽôᣬҲܲ³ɲЦ˵
ҶҲ֪λǸҶʲôϵֻӦ˼䣬ͬ־ˣеҶͬ־𣿡
ˣˡҶæӦͷɲ˸кǣȽȥˡ
Ͻġɲ˻֣ȴе⣬˵ͬ־Ǻ˰


493 ʮ
ɲ֣С˭Ա߶ʵ
֣Ҷƽͬ־ĺҶڽеʥְɲԱ߶һλͷԻ׵ӽܵ
ŶҶǰֻ˵ûм˵ʡʡһιҲ¶ҪҺͬ־㱨ġ
ΪɲЩп˵һ
ǺǡЦһȴЩΪȻ
ӵǣҪǵǣıΣĲ˵ģ󲿷ֶԹʵɴ֮
ʡ˼ʮ꣬ʶеġ
Ҷܹõͬ־ԽӼһԽˣʡеЩ죬Ϊںͬ־ǱȽ˽ģ֪λ¹һȽϽܾܲڰ칫Ƿָŵȡ
ߣΪҶǣʲôȽҪĹɡ
ɲ֣һκͬ־ټΪʲô飿ʵ
ʲô飬Ǽ¡ɲش
Ȼû˵Ǳ˴涼һκͬ־ټҪһˣ˰Ƹĸ飬Ӱ̫󣬶ڵطõӰ쾿жڴҵ涼û׶
Ȼ˵͹˰ַ涼Դ˽ͳƺͲ㣬ǸĿɿж󣬴˭Ҳ˵ܵټɲʱ鶼ܸӣҪϿĺͬ־ЩΣС
˰Ƹĸ򵥵˵ǮӱˣԴطƶ䷽ˣǰʱǮˣط裬ǽ֮󻹲ǮǾ˵
øףɴȷһ£ЩҵģЩģʡٸǮ飬޹⣬ҪطϾ죬һȨֲ
ͻ쳯ûǮɺͳ
¶ҪŤתģɲʶһ㣬һηٹ̸ҲģһСĵĻͳ˵طϵˣòǩɥȨʡĲƽԼȥ֮ʵǲøطϵͬ־ǽ
ͷ۰顣ǵ
Ҹƣԭʡ飬ƫƫ̯ˡɲһΪǣûҪһλˮģϧʡպóˣͬ־ߵֺܼ䵽ͷϣν֮֡
뷨طеطϵȡƽǹؼǴӵطûбҪôǮ˰ƸĸһУطϾͳΪȺ壬ȫ˼ҵ֮ˡ
Ҷ߽˺ͬ־İ칫ңѾǵһˡ
˵ʵͬ־ҶǺܸӵģһȻҶҵأһǳͬ־Ƿͬ־ҶǷǳأ࿴ģԺͬ־ҶҲ߿һۡ
Ҷ˺ܶ£Ȼһ˲֪Ǻͬ־ȴ˽ģԲܰҶСȥĳ˵Ҷеĵλȵķ⽮ǲ
鸱áҶ߽֮󣬾Ϳڰ칫ĺͬ־
ǺǣҶ˵ͬ־ָָԱ߶˵
Ҷ֮Ͷ˲ŵֱ߶
ҶͷʾлȻͽԼһϵ˹ȥ鸱ڵ绰ᵽģʥ巢չ
鸱۾ҶϿԼҪһ¡
ǡҶӦһͽԼļƻ򵥵˵ԣҪʥΪһ߻Ⱦĸ߿Ƽ԰Ϊʵһ㣬Ҹʵһ߼ƻȡ֮ڴﵽԤĿꡣ
ͬ־һԣһԲǲһ
Ҷͬ־̸˴аСʱӣͬ־ҶύǷ巢չȽϸȤҶԣܹ֮ʵֽϵĿĻʥɽΪϵĸ¼ֻǹͷֻӡ
¾ǰѵһĿʵʥҲĿǰĸ¼ܹᲢ۵ġ
һŶͬ־ȻЩʵ
鸱˵Ҷ˵
˵㼴ʥˣȻŪôǲеʱˣͬ־ζʵ
ûʲôʱ˵ġҶĻشҲһִʥǱȽ˽ģݷҲǾ·֤ģδʥ˭쵼ĿӦȷģңڻʥίΣζʥδΡ
Ǻǡ鸱ѾͨƪҶķʱôһ˵ʱЦЦҲû˵ʲôĻóǩֱҶķǩԼȻд֣ͬǩԼĴ
󣬺ͬ־ͽ飬ȥӰӡͽʡһݴ浵
úøɣҾκθλϣܹӳԼͬ־Ҷ˵
лл鸱Ҷ΢΢ʾл
ԭҶ׼˳˵һפ飬ʱȻתһ룬ʹͷ
Ȼ˵פһ̶ϴٽ˾ֲܵķǴһȴҲ˾ǵı深٣ݶҲӹ̣پǷĴԱϣ¶ɵģǣ˷棬ҲҶܹıġ
ȻˣûбҪٸͬ־˵ʲôˣڹٳӣͲܵˣĻûȺڻɸƨ
˵ҵפ죬жУֱ޷ģҶҲûҪٳΪУüڭ´ս糵Ҫơ
Ƿ˰ƣɴפ죬Ǵ˵ʲôҲ޷ıģȻǲĬǽ
ûб飬ҾȸˡҶһԼѾ߶˰Сʱ˶ȵżˣվ˵
ͬ־˵ͷ˵СҶͬ־ȥ˳ɲͬ־
ǡ˵ͷҶ߳ȥ
ҶѾк鸱ĲϾȻź鸱˳ȥ
ҶߡȻͬ־ҶСҶͬ־ʵܹʸҶСҶˣǲࡣ
Ҷɲ˸кָϤ˵ͷȻ뿪ˡ
ʮӣʡίԱĴˡָָԼֱɲ˵
Ҷҵĵ̫񣬱˱Ȳ˵ġɲȻϳҶҲҶĵϸҲףΪʲô鸱Ȼôʱ䣬Ҷϡ
ǲ׹鲻ףҲ֪ӵܵƣȷʵһ˱ȵġ
ǣʡ׳ǽȥҶ֮󣬾Ͷɲ˵
õġλʡԱվһ¾񣬰߽˺ͬ־İ칫ҡ
ҲеֹҲ֪أ˰Ƹĸ⣬ȷʵһʱܹ˵ġ


494 Բ
Ҷ뿪˺ͬ־İ칫ңߵʱ򣬾ˡ
Ҷͬ־ں֡
Ҷͣ˽ŲһǱˣǽնνʡʯ档
ʡáҶվ󣬷ǳشк
ôˣʯӣһȻ飬һȥĿ֣ȴ֪ʲôˡ
鸱ټմӰ칫Ҷش
Ŷʯ˵ͷȻ˵УæȥɣҪȥʱġ
õģʡߺãټҶ˵
˷ֿ߸·
ʡǸʥҶͬ־Ա߶λĿֵͬ־ʵ
ǰǾҶͬ־ʯشͬ־ǰûмô
ûмĿֵ˻ش
Ŀֵλͬ־ǽʡĲ˵ǵ¸ɲǰͽĶ󣬿ʥƫƫĵطͬǴҪʽҶ˹ίκܳʱ䣬ҲûаݷùλʡĲүȻеЩġ
Ҷͽؽ⿪еŶܹúͬ־ԽӼĸɲĲడҿʯʡҶҲϤӣͿʼǣҶݱԲ򵥡
˵ˣ򵥵ܹΪʮĸɲһǸĹίΡ
Ҷ뿪֮Լ˳ڳ档
ǵѾЩˡ
ʱ򣬴һɫķ£һضĺɫñӣȥеᣬĺɫοףԵֲӰ𪡣
һ߽˺ܶĿ⡣
Ҷվ˻֡
˹Ҷӣ
˵㱻˰ˣСһ仰ҶĽ
ܱܲ¶ҶӣȻе
ô˵ⶼһ˸е飬ȻĻкܶ࿼ǣǴӱȷʵҶԿˣ˴ʥˡ
ܲᰡ˼ҶҸϵһҶٳԱҲ޹⡣潫˦ϣֽñӷŵһԣӿӱϣҶ۾˵
ڣڸ߲ڲ֪ϳҺҶ˲עҶҲҶͻȻ˰һҪ뿪һִʥȻͳ˲෹۵Ľ⣬ΪҶ׼δޣȻҲⲻ˱̸
飬Ҳûʲô˵ģ֮¡Ҷ˰ֵЩˣǻڳ䲻ʱʾһԼĴڸУҲãܹЩҪصעģЩҪصġ
ҪǲʥĻǵĺͶʼƻҲûбҪǵ˵
VCDӰؼƻǷΪü׶εģ֮Իѡʥ޷ǾΪҶԵʣҶҪ˵ĻС㵱ȻûбҪʥʲôʽͶ롣
Ļ˵ʵУ
ʵϣҶ뿪Ļҵ極ҵҵҶȥһЩδȫصʴҵԼҶԼ˹˾ʱ뿪ʥ
һЩƻΪʵĻʥɾĳΪһյˣһЩտĳ֮⣬Ҳʣʲô
Ҫ˲ʵҲǺǿƵһıû⣬Ҫ˵ý跽棬ͲҶü֣ձ˽ӴƻԪODAʽ齨˵вûκΰգʥЩҵ
ֻѡУϵƳҶ̨Ķ󣬺ҲûбѡֻӲͷƤλã취ôֵɽ
ǲżҶԳ˵ȳԵ̸
ɫ˾ǺһЩʽȣҶ˼ƲˣȻҪһƿơ
ʱзþƹǵ档
ţʽƷҲ׼ˣ׷׶
һӣֿԳˡҶƮҶȻпһ
ǺǣҲܳԡζžƱеĺƣЦػش
˵ʱ⣬оһЩҶ˵ʱԺһ׾ơ
ǵĶ죬ȽȤ˵ʱҿܻүүȥһӡ
үôҶ˳үӵ塣
ǸӰɣ񲻴Ͼ͵ˣеж㣬񷽺ͬ־Լ߶ش
Ŀǰ˵ˣȻǷͬ־ͬ־˵Ҳ޼ֻ棬ͬ־Ҫȳͬ־ǿһЩͬ־УԴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڼ棬ϲŶͬ־Ȼϲ߿һ¸ĸ￪ŵĳɹ
¶ͶԷͬ־壬ЩĽҪǳүҲĻͲڼˡ
ǰϲ壬ȻȽϺãⶼʱµĵӡҶ˵үүΣʱȻҪһЩˣҿȽŲ֮⣬ûдëӦҲǸ֮ࡣ
Ҷ㻹ῴˣµʵ˵˵үүж٣
Ͳ˵ˣôҲÿ۶ϴѧɣҶ˵
˾ЦҶ˵ֻ⣬ȻȻóСеЩΪ飬ȴҲһ֪Ҷû¶ϲЦ
˵ҸȥүүɡҶ˵
аû⣬үүϲĵ¯գȥ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵ˣүӻ϶ôˣǶҶǻǴ̵Ƶģгţ͸ǰкˣֱӹȥС
ղ˵ĻУʲô˼˹ڴʥʵ飬Ҷ
飬ϵҵδչ⣬Ҫʸ
ҶҪȫԺչĻôʥļҵûмͶʵıҪˣҪȫźá
е˼˵ҪԷһּΪǵļҵҪʥչҪܹģҪͶڶڡڵʽءҶ˵ôһԷҪѸͻûôˡ
ʥͲҵ׷ŵĻľûʲôͻĵ̶ˣҲҶļȶƻ֮һ
ԷӲҪѸͻأʵ
Ҳ򵥣ǵҴҵΪڣһߵ볡ʱ߸߿ƼҵΣˡҶش
жǹڵġЦ˵
ʵ²ˣԸһòô취ءҶ˵


495 һ
оĹر࣬˵Ҳ֮˵
ں飬Ȼ֮ǰ˵ĴڣԴ˰̧ҪҶ̨֮־ͺܿھǵĸ߲Ȧ洫ˡ
ϾͦǹϣλүҲ쵱ĴţֻǽЩȽϵ͵ˣڸĸ￪֮ӰҲ緽Ϻͳϣһ˿ܶǲҪһ£ȻǺܴġ
Եƺ֮󣬾˴ҵӣ׷׿ʼо
ҶҪһЩҪһЩۺΪ죬ԿԼܶľһЩۺ϶ԣҪȿҶˣһЩ
ɵǣλʮ꣬ҲһֶȴǸɲôںʥ֮ǷܹһӻԻ͵ĸ߿Ƽͺڴˡ
ҲϤҲǺѶԸġҶ˰ֵʱ򣬼һ棬о˱ȽᣬȻˣҲͲˣһıһĽΡ
ŵӣ˾úаȫСһںƣҶ˵
ʵҶԣκμùı϶κãǻ³ˣ˾̫СҶɴһıҵظһģúܵķڷҲ˲ҶԵͷ
˳˵ţҶ˵һ
ٵһɫţŰɣҵúر𡣡潨
Ҷʵ
ԾˣѾˡҡͷ
ðɡҶͷȻֺ˷Ǹɫţһ
õģԵȡ΢΢Ȼ뿪ˡ
˼ӣųˣԭ˾Ȼֳʳ߶
ţǰƺõģҲܼ򵥣ţŵСΡĥĺںȻõĺƣ߶ȴԼţźȵ֮һϱһϣһʹʵԵ㣬ζҲ
ȻˣûкƣʹҲνȻζķḻԻ΢㡣
Ϊʳͣܶ˶һˣԭ϶ǰõģһĿ˵ˣ͹һ
Ҫ죿ѯʵ
߰˳ɰɡҶش̫ҲԲ
˵ͷȻȹͣţš
ֻܿôţŵ΢Ϊסţŵ֭ڹʧĻζͲˡ
֮󣬴ͽոõʣུ֭룬ȻС𣬸ϹǣһСȻֽҿ˸ӣ˲֪ʲôȥֻɫĻܵϸߣص
ŴܿõţŸֻпƬ棬ֳ۵ĺɫȻֽЩںв֪ʲô
ҪţѾˡ˵
ζܲҶŰԼǰţţЦЦûпźưղðǸǰ׾ưɣ
Ц˵úϸƽ֭ˣղյȷʵǰ׾ƣܹµó׾Ƶƣһǿⵥġǲ²׼ĻҪٵһݺţŵġ
ͲˡҶҡҡͷҿɲǴռ˵ˡ
΢Ц˵û¶ģ͵ˣЩû˲µõ
ˣٵҲԲˡҶڰֵ
Ҳ˵ʲôЦŸˣֵһǱ߶Ūĳա
Ҷõ滮ţţоζǲʺϹ˿ζ
ţ˵Ŀζеһ͵ĲƷ˹֮󣬶ҪָſУĻ˼ֻòصȴ֪ʵǶԷȻǳֵȶҲ˵˳Ե̫ˣȻⷽǳзȨ
ʵܹͣ˹֮󣬶˴ĸָӦ˹ڵгҲΪʲô͹ʼոɲв͹ݵҪԭ
ʳĻڼǧĻȷʵëѪķܹȵϵģĲ˵ֻ˵ձ˵ĺǶͲ˵ʲô˵ĲҲص㣬һ򵥡
ϣǿԴģ򵥻ƹͥģҿζ򵥣֮ζࡣ
в;ͲһˣĻܼЧģ˵ĳһյòλķ֮һЩؼʹãʹòƷζһ
˵веֻ֮дԼܹյⶫдڲϾܹ˵ġ
˵KFCʳƷ˶˵˶ģֻ˵Ч£оǹ˳ˡ
Ȼˣв͹ںƹ㣬Ҳôס
ʳĻ˵ȻĻ֣Ͳôƹˡ
ʳҵҪһµгվȽŸȾ͵ĻͬǺгУĻǷûг绪˼룬ҪлʳĻǱȽѵģһֳʦҪƹвͣҲǵĵơ
ûгȻǲģԺܶв͹ں⣬ʵҲǱζвͣ˳˵ĻҲ˵ôĵġ
ǳԷ⣬ʵӳģȴĻͬʵʡ
浹û뵽ҶԸô̵ķ˼ֻЩʵղſӣѾ³õʲô׾ˣ
ˮӵϰ׸ɡҶ˵
ϰ׸ɣܱ˵־ƣ滹ûкȹϰ׸ɣҲûʲôӡ֮ɵЩ֡
ţԷģһ㶼Ǯˣ˿ζصģȹϰ׸ɵĺ٣Ȼ²ˡҶ͵Ȼˣƾֱȼյϰ׸ɵζҲô׾ֱܹġ
֮󣬲ɵó˾ȡ
˵ҶļҲòźֵ͵ƣôܹϵóأ
ǺǣǵǰһγȥҰӪûдƾ͵С棬Ҫ˺üƿҾҶЦŽ͵յʱ򣬾ͷÿһ־ƵζܱͬȽ̡
ʵϣܹȼյҾƹȻܹܶ࣬ڷľͲˣһҪǳɱ⣬һҪ⡣
ԣѡѡȥܹʣµѡҲֻв༸
ҶٹȻһԿǲĲˣ˵ܿд˸ֽȻкݸ
Ȼӵֽ֮һľ죬Ȼû뵽Ȼܹ³һţţȻ÷˹
ãǷ͵ģϣܹСܡţŰں֮󣬾ͶҶС˵
ǺǣҲôģҪǹȥҶЦЦ
˲飬ȻûбҪȥҶûʱȥһҷ꿪Ц
ǳҪ֤һԼ׼δжô㣬ҲûбҪġ
˵޷Ǿ˼ҷ˿͵СѣûбҪơ


496 ˣ
Ҷȥɽׯƺӵʱ򣬾ͲǺ˳
үСʱûм
ƺԤϣΪûиҶһԼ˹۹ȥˣҶһӦ߶顣
үʲô˼أҶڿ棬Ѿ˵ĺ裬ζˮˡ
˵Ҷˣ׼˳ɾǰ˼ңһžͿҶȲ裬һӡ
˵ôţɼҶЩʵ
ƽʱʡԱãĻҶȱӼģϾүӺܿҶҲǰˣݲͬˡ
˰СʱûеõүӽӼǴҲûеˡ
үӿбİŰɡҶش
ʱҶ棬еףǳүеԴףҪһҶ
Ͼͬ־ȥһ飬ƱȽϴ󣬶Ҷȫͬͬ־еҪھͷǰȥģүӵã־ӣ⼸˳ء
һҲܹģҪǿԼŮ϶ͷ˵ЦȥģҲʹ첻
¶ҶҲ˼˵Լ⣬үӷһƢҲûʲôġ
ҲǴˣ뵽⣬ЦЦȸ鷿һɡ
ҶӦһ͸ųȥ鷿
֮̾зԱϲ衣
ȵɣǸոŪļƷۣѵáɶ豭Ҷ˵
ղû¶ɣĺٺȾɸˡҶָָԼĶӣЩЦ˵
ɴЦָҶ˵ҵû¶Ҫ뷽ȥӲ죬ȫ㻤ʮıģүӲŹ֣
ⶼǸȡ飬˵һоֵĲ¡ᵽ¶ҶҲֻͷѡ
ֲǴҪ˼ҵڵģֻҪټȷʵоٽֳҪǲĻƷҲ˵顣
Ҫ˼ҹ󣬵ȻҪֳ㹻ĳĻ˼ҷ׷ǹʣƾʲôҪΪͷأ
¶㶼֪˰ɣɺ˿ڲ裬
šҶ˵ͷʾѾȻ
飬ֻǣɲȴǣ˾еĴЩп˵Ȼƺӣүһ档
ŶҶˣʱһ㶡
Ȼ˵ϵСǾȻΪ¶ҪǳүӵţѰ֧֣˵ȷʵ˺ܴ󹦷Ļ󵽵׸ʲôۣȻ֪Բ̫С
үӲŷȶֲ֪ʲôԸֲܵģҪȻĻ¶ϲ̨档˵
Ҷֱͷ˵ֲʲôţˣԭǳү߶˳أųһЩ¶
ȻҲԪϼʵӰǲܸϺͳᲢ۵ģҲȲҶүǿơ
ڸүӵĹϵϣߵñȽϽһЩġ
ֻҶҲеƶѵ˵ϲ֪Լǳ׼δ
֪һϵҪŮδְλǲе̫ˣ
ҶүӲ˵Ϊ¶ǣ浽ӵ棬ñ̬ϾеְλǹҵģҶҵģ˭еְĻᣬû˵
һ棬δؾͲҪع۲һ£⾩֮УǱ˶ٸҶҲԸıߡ
飬ʹġ˵ƵţεµɵĶֺ˵ûһͣҶɫˣӣ첻죬²Ϊ㣬Ī˽ȣ⿼ŸԼвˣôںιˣҶЩˣֱʧ͸
ֻᷢչѽһ˹ȴǳүӳˡ
үӻ棬Ž鷿֮˵Ҿ֪϶һɧûе֮ô˴£Ĳ˵˵Ϸ£ǻƢˣͰסˡⷽ棬ЩˣҪúѧһѧ
үӺáҶϽվ
Ȼ˵үӰһҶԣ¶ûƽϵġ
Ҳ˵˴ţ޷Ҷ˽ʹǣҪǽ˻ᣬҶչԼǿĿԣСãԺ˵үôǶҶ
Աүƽ֮󣬾Ծ˳ȥˡ
鷿棬ʣ³үӡɺҶˡ
˵ɡүӰ˰ֵ£¡
ҾվŰɣһ˵ҲûŵķݶҶʾ
үӺһΪŰվ̫ߣһ̧ͷǵɫء
ǺǣȻҾºˡҶ˵ţһƨɾ˵ذϡ
ףôˣүЩʵʲôë
ôذϣͷҶٺٵЦŻش
СƤŮ㣬ûˡүҡͷЦ˵ˣϲôôɡ
ˣҲһЦҲˣҶԳүӹˣΪ˰ոûԾһҶǲϣóүӽѵһͨģԸɴܲҪذôһ
ô˵Ҷᣬʮ꣬߰ʮĳүǰȫûʲô˼ôӰòõ뷨
ɵҪѵҶģڳүӷιϳ֣Ҷλõ¶ԼҲе벻ͨԸɴͲ˵ˣһ߶һһٶ
ҾãһӦóүӵҶȻйоص˳үӶɳϡ
үӺͳɸһۣͷֶԷ۾涼Ρ
ҶôһƵļһƫƫǸӻûʲôõİ취׾ٵذ
ˣôһҰҹԭˡүЩյĶͷ
ͣȻҪһӰģܸոջ̸飬ת֮һɶ
ֻͨ˵ϰߣڳүϣֻҪĵ飬ԲΪҶͻȻǡ
ҶҲƣֻЦүӱݡ
ȻүӷûϣʱЩˣεķ֣ŶˣǹǸ顣Ҷ֪ΪʲôҪðŵܶ˵ķգѺλ𣿡
ŶΪʲôأҶˣʱһ㶡
飬ȷʵɻģȻӰһЩչһɲǴ´ģչһʡɲҲΪʲôƫƫҪҶҹȥأ
¶͸ŹŹء


497 ն
ǷϹһС顣үӺȻһתҶеǳƣϹҵҵʱӲܲ
Ҷ˳үӵĻеˡ
һˣ˴֮ĽȽ϶࣬Ƿⲻ˵ġ
ˣģЩ޷
һ£үһӣʼվڽ˵֣佥ϣȻҪһ룬ǷЩʲô飬ǲѾ֮顣
Ǯ֮Ķ׳úܣͲͬˣ˭Ҳȵһ죬ϻծǺܲʹ顣
ϵҲǴ֪֮ʲô棬үӣȥܾˣүǻǼǵúģүӰæүȻ޷ܾġ
һΣǻ飬۵ʱҲûʲôǣˡү˵
ûʲôǣˣҾͱ˱ƵæˡҶЦ
Ҳô˵˵ѣ̫ƽ飬ĵһ飬үӸ֮Ľ飬ж
ͬ־ȻûһͬϾͬ־ү˵飬Ҳͻˡ
Ҳ˵ҪǸ˼ҾͲˣҶʵ
ͷûϵˡүӻشúܸɴࡣ
ǾͺãҾǵ˼ҼмˡҶͷ
˵ˣʵҲ򵥡
ϷҪúҶλã޷Ǿ⡣
һΪʥڵķչͷȷʵĿǽά֣ҲܹڶʱڳɳΪзչǰĿôһطӣҪǨ·ӻܿ㡣
ڶΪҶֻиôһ֣ܹúվڡˡҶļϣأҺؽ߲۽磬Ϊѡ֡
˵һȽ뷨ĻǾǹۺϿһΧĻΪүϲ֣пҶҺϳ֮䣬һ޷ֲѺۣпܻᵼҶʧܡ
ܹĿĻôĿ϶Щʿˡ
Ҷз磬ûϵͬ˵֧֣ҪԵĻʵ̫ܼһЩЩʿҪ뾺ͱ뽫ҶҵϵͬһҼҵ߽УУϳȻǷǳҪһڡ
ڳ⣬ôпͻȻΣա
ϲǣǰʥ̫ˣҶ̵飬ȴ֪ҶУʥֻһĲѣֻҶʥĴǹȥĿӣԲҪһѶѡ
Ϊԭ򣬲ڵʥ
ʵûжҶожǮǲŴعƣΪʥʵҶΪ˷ҶؽͶһ
жϵʧǶʥλΪΪϳҺҶҷѵĿˣȴû뵽ҶУʧȥʥҶѣͲ˽ǣ̸ϸϳҷʲôġ
ǳүӶҶһЩģô죿
ǳүӹ⣬ܹͬ⣬ϾʥͶ룬Ѿмʮ֮࣬ʱƣ߶ĳɳ貶ĿҶͻȻʧȥôһλãʧǺܴġ
ȻǱʾˡҶһ̯ɵúúõģͻȻҪλӣô׵𣿲Ҹ˵Ҵ߶뿪
֯ϵİţôּۻۡүüͷ˵
ү˵⻰ͲˡҶЦ֯Ҳ˵˵ѣ֯˭Ǽλ¡˵ҸɵĺúõģƾɶλӣҪŲҲԣܵóĻǲӦġ
㲻Ӧô죿˵һ£˭Ҳ˵ʲôԭ⡣
ҹܲˣ˭ҲҾ˭Ҷش
үӸɻ࿴˵Сӵɵó飬µĹͣյĴ鱨û˸С
ˣǰ˵һɡүӰڰֵϹҪŲߣҲû¹ģȻ˵λҪһϾɲˡ
ҶˣȻһ¡
һĥʱ˶Էնġ
ϵȻǸҶһϵģȻǵδģҶһǲʱȴСģҶҵᷴԣΪûɷ԰
ôһҶϵĹ⻷͸ˣʮɲԴʮƽ֮Ѿܾûгֹˡ
ȥҶմ˹⣬ʵȴǳʸ֮ģôɵ顣
һʹҶߣ֮ʥҲܹ˳񣬵ʱί˳òΪڡ
ʱ䣬ڲʮҶ˵ûʲôܲôͼҪȥɣ
˵ˣʮ֮ǰҲǿԵģʵֲ֧УҶҪĳʥǸ׳нһ㣬Ϻͺһȷʵǹݵġ
Ҷһ飬ΪɲʵȴǶҶϽ֮·ĺն
ȻˣҲֻȴ֮ˡҶתһ룬ʱЦǺǣȻҾһɲʵ飬ܹ֮ͨڣҵһֵø˵顣
Լ˷ȥͱַȥǺܲͬģҶ뿴ԷűҪԼȥı飬ǲĻ̥ͬʱҪЦرʾҶǸͬ־Ӧúúõõı顣
飬һǷǳȤġ
Ҫ̫ǰ档үӿҶϵĹЦݣҲǷ֪еĹؽڣǾָԼȲŶ˵ٳ֮ϣһһ֮䣬ʧǹؼһҲûʲôֵø˵ģʥˣ㲻еϧ𣿡
ʵǶʥϧôõһط䵽˶ֵУɾͳʵеĳˣܿҲǡǡʵúأϹȻǺơ
ѾͷǸ³ӣҲǽİɣҲҶͶʺüء
ҶӵЦ˵ǺǣҪûʲôֶĻ̫ˣҲóСҰɣүӣˡ
ȥô죿ʵ
ǺǣȻǳҵĸ³ҵĸһҶЦŸˡ
٣СӾأϹҪ˷۱ġҶ֮󣬳үӻͷͶԳ˵


498 Ҷ
ոչȥ鲿֪ͨҶ
鲿һж˵Ҷ飬Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣ûʲôⷢĻ¶Ƕˡ
˵ҶǹһҲɲѣôҲֲ鲿ȥĹֻЩ⣬ʥһصĴڣ鲿һҶĵҲǺʵġ
ϵеԤ˵Сꡣ
Ҷ׼ʱ鲿¥һɫĴ¥¥㲻ߣһ¹ŵ¥ȥЩ赵ĸо
ȥ֮˵ǼǣȻڳ쵼ټ
ǲλǲȱĸɲġ
ʯĵϣÿʱÿ̶۵ĲͬϾͿóԷ¥ˣǰµˣǼϸߵ쵼ݽϵ͵ĸɲ
󷲵λϸߵ쵼ǣ·ʱȽϳȣȽϴ󣬶ݽϵ͵ĸɲǣ·ʱŲ٣ҲСһţһɴҲܹóǵ̬滹кܴĲġ
Сӣ쵼ռλӵģ
Ҷĥ¶
ŤͷһͼһλʮҵˣȥٲȻ˵쵼ͷҲţЩؿ
ǺǣǰҶھͻشȻһ䣬Ǵ쵼ɣһ൱ɡ
쵼̸ϣոڵطǿǸ߸ˣ˾һ̫Զ˰ֵͣҲǶʮӣ黹˾
ǺǣɹһҶػش
ǵžѽҶˣûмˡ̾˿֪ҲӦðϵģɺţ̫ʱˡ
ǵġҶڴʡĵλؾкüʮټϵһЩλˣҶӿ¶ȻͷӿӿŶӶҪһˡ
С䣬ϰǸǵ˼죬ȵģԱ߶˴඼֪ϸҲ̸żҶôһСӣȻеﲻסˣ͸
ǺǡҶЦô˵Ǹأ
ǲЦ˵Ļ㲻ʲôܽŶˣˣҲԼʵʵصš˵쵼ôҲǿżˣȻ˼ҵʹ̸֯ҲԼʱģøɵš˵ˣôᣬҲǸʡ쵼˾ϲϳһЩġ
еϾḻҶǺǵЦ˵
ҲûʲôǶ˼깤ѡֵ
һӺҶŸλ򶫣ǺӶʡһɲֻǹеģƹŵһҴú̿˶Ƚϴ֡
Ȼ˵ĸɲ˾ǣʾʲôǷڵطĻʡ쵼ҪӵĴΪǵĹϽȨ϶ʡҪܶĴڡ
ôҲԵ֣Ƭ˺Ӷʡ¶ҾǣܳԹס򶫵Ǻ飬ݸҶһƬ
ллûƬֻɡҶָд˸룬Ȼ˻ȥ
Ҷ򶫿˿ͷҶдúֺֻܲ˵ֺܺðźܶ졣
ʱ򣬴Ӱ칫Ǳ߶߹һģˡ
̶ֱ˶ϣؿܹԼ֡
⼸ұıûѧǰѸ˵סˣΪÿ춼ҪϺöΣ벻ע⵽ܡ
ֻ鲢ûкˣֻĿ֮ɨ飬Ҷ߶˹
ֵ˰ɣһ£ǰȻһֱűҪʱ滹еŵģΪһҪġ
鲿Ĳ˲ãβֵĴǸ쵼ˡ
˭֪鼱ߵҶǰ˵ҶãҪ
Ҷվһ죬˵ͷҲ˵˹ȥ
ܳСʲôΣ򶫵۾ʱԲˡ
ǿҶͣҲǶʮӣ˵˾飬ôͳˣ
ΣܹòϳԹģǲҪģεļӦò̫Ͱɣ
Ҫ˵ӵְλĪˣֵΣѧУ칫ΣаǱ߶Σ˵˼ǸѾҪֵˡ
κ֮ĲʵǳƵ֮
򶫲Ǵˣʵúܣ̾;Ҷݲ򵥣ϽҶдֽ˳ֿһ飬ȻСĵ
ʵϣڹٳлô֮󣬿͸һ飬ϵҪԣЩѾ̤߸ȦӵĸɲǣҪĵر֯ԼĹϵ硣
һʲôĻЩǿ̵Դ
Ҷ߽˰칫߶ȺǸģ߶侯Ҳôˣ֮ȱȽϿµȥǳæµӡ
߹һƬȻͨ˲칫ҡ
ΣҶˡÿţһλȥʮߡҵĸɲ˵
鲿Ʒɲİ칫ζΰҲĸɲ
Ҷ룬ѾڵˡΰҶ֮󣬲ҵϽ˽ȥ
˵ˣ߲ҶĵϸΪ鲿Ʒɵİ칫ΣΰǺҶʲô˵ġ
ҶҵĵҶǬͬ־ӣҶƽͬ־ĶӣǾؽһǲıܳһǴ˾ĶǶž춯صĴѹԽӴˡ
ʮ갡͸ʮԼһɲˡ
ȻΰҲһ֮ԼĸҲܹʵǸ˼Ҷһȣȷʵеˣһ֮ҶǲҲܹһ˭Ҳ˵ġ
ΰҲ鲿һߣ淶ɲƸ飬Ժ󲻴ܻˣ˵ߵƳҲҶĳ֣޹ϵ
Ͼ˭Ը⿴ԺиҶ֡
ҪűǨĹͻȻôһᵽ׶ĸɲǳ֮⣬˭Ը⿴ġ
Ʒɵİ칫пذɾҶ˽ȥ֮ڰ칫Ѯ߾Ц
Ҷ˵ƷɵȵҶ߹֮󣬲վҶߵ˴ɳ
ԣļ빫˽ƷʲôҪҶģĻͲ󲿳Ҷˡ
ӹ¹ĽǶҶɲ⣬һ˾ֳٰһ£ҲͿˣΪίԱƷɲԳ棬ȷʵеС


499 Ҷ
һμʲôʱ򣿺ֿʱɣƷЦʵ
ǺǣǵġҶЦŻش
Ҷ֣Ѿʲôϡ¶ˡ
ڵʱμӹǼλĸ߲ǣǼ̣Ҷһӣ𾪵ùǺ
ƷȻҲǵˣҶֶ֮ҲСˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷ;ͳĸɲʵеڶϷطһЩ飬Ͳܼ򵥵ΪֻҶҵ֮ˣҶԼ飬ȷʵְλ
ҶƷ߶ҲеͷԵĸо
ƷĲ죬ϸ˵ƷɸҶҵĹϵֻͨѣ˴֮ûʲôڣҲûʲô
ʵϣֲ棬Գһϵˡ
һ֮󣬾ζڵӵ൱ĻȨǳƸҪŵЩˣȫ죬гίǼˣҲҪһЩģǷѹ˸ݲ¼пܱȥ
Ļǵĵλ޷ҡģ־ζŽ˺ȨȦӣҹֵǵһһУпܻԺ̵ܶӰ졣
Ʒ˿νԳϵԭƽײ㣬ʮͻͽһ·ߵ鲿λϣ˵ѵõĺܣ˵ͬ־ȽϿ
ҶϳҵϽͣƷҲõһκûԭġ
һΣ֯ϰʥ룬ʲô뷨ûУƷʵ
ллҶӹΰ˹Ĳ豭ϣȻΣƷ˵Ҫ˵˼ϵĸܻһġ
벻ͨĵط˵ƷЦ֯ǹܸɲáΡģͬʱҲǸɲǵңǽѵ飬ҲҪģĸɲǵĳɳǵķ֮¡
лġҶȱʾл⣬Ȼ˵ʥе⣬ܶǸڳǰĽ׶ΣͷҲкܶ๤տ˸ͷʱͻȻ뿪ĻЩΪˣҲһЩģĺļߣ޷ʥķչԣһ·ƫԺĿɳչԱˡ
ʥ𣬿νǴ޵еһ漣ǰĲë֮أǧ޼ҿɹĴͻȻ֮ͱ˼߿Ƽҵľۼأҽһ˰ڵĳ̶ȣ治һܹ쵽顣
ƷɶԴҲеЩ죬ԳһεҶĻᣬҲҪҶһ棬Ӵһ£ʲôͬ
ʥѾ̶ֳȣڹڵĸ¼ҲУ˺ʵĵӣٳʲôӰɣƷʵ
ȻǸ֯ģĹҲǷǳḻģȻھýҲԼ⣬Ҳϸ鿴ϣ֪Ҳһ㣬Ҷ˵ôͬġ
ʥķչ֮ô죬ҪԭһŰֽҶ͵ǸɲҵǱȽģûʲôʷҲûʲôѹгָµҵлƣҵľϵάͱϣܵú٣ֻһලãţ˰ߵʵ
Ϊǹܵú٣ҵչܿ죬չã˰Ҳ෢չ̬ơ˸ѡĻԷǷȻܹг򣬼ʥķչͺ˵ˡ
ͬģҵǷܹµ쵼ѡִ˼·Ҳ֮䡣
Ʒˣ˵ͷˡ
Ҷ˼޷Ǿһʥҵͬڱ𴦣ڶʥҵδؾͻεʡ
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ʥܹ֮쵼ǵĸ߶ӣѾҪҶλˣҪԭ˿ĸ¼ĳΡ
Ϊһĸ¼ʥδ϶޿ģôΪʥ쵼ˣǰ;Ҳ޿ģԴҶҪõҪ롣
ƷȻͬҶһ־ӪǶ˵ġСᡱЩִģΪ֯ΪеһжӦƿ֮еģСôеȨˮǵľ쵼λôõ֤
ôһĻҶĹ룬Щͬˡ
ҲᶨҪҶߵ뷨ôȷģҶʥ
ȻҶʥĻܰɷ紵ˮòĶġ
֯֯ϵĿǣһεĹҪڵ֮ˡƷɳһ£Ҷ˵¹ȥǷѾ֪ˣ
ҿ϶֪үүҲãҰҲãûиҶɫ
Ȼ˵Ѿ˷ҶүҲãҶƽҲգֻǸҶ˵ҪĹǾҪȥȴǲ¶һڷҶڶȥȻãȻ֪
ŶʧˣҶϺƽͬ־ⷽ϶ϸؼɵġƷЩǸȻ˵һҪȥӶʡְеļίǣɲһʮĴ֮󣬸ɲֵͬ־㸰Ρ
ίǣҶ֮󣬹ȻЩԾ
ֻûиɹҲҪô֡
ںӶʡ˽һЩģ֪ųúԴʡǽһʡݣҲҪ̺Ӷʡú̿ԴάֵӦ
ǰһӵʱҶƽҶ˵еԴȱ⣬пǹӶʡгֵĽⷽȡһЩʶԱδչеԴӦӰ졣
ʱҶҶƽ˼飬˵ԴзãܹͳԴȵȣ˵һѣʵҲڿʵʱжԴƻһЩ֧֡
ֻû뵽ôͳ˺Ӷʡĸɲһʡеļίǡ
仯ʵҶеЩЦԷǣҲ֪Ǻ¶ǻ¶
ίһǴûнӴ֯ϵİţҸеѹܴѽҶƷ˵
ѹǻ¶Ʒɳķ֣Ц˵öɲһ٣ȸеľǸˣһϢȸеѹ֤θкʹǺǿҵġҺڴܹѹɵóɫ
ѶȻǺܴġҶЦ
Ȼ֪ʲôûǵ֪ԼҪȥίǵʱ滹̲סҪʹһĸо
Ҳ̫˲ǣ
ίǣⴿһ˵ְ񰡣


500 С
֯쵼ȫмͼ칤ʵеļɼְܣȫ渺ίʡίڼͼ칤еĹ᳹ʵ
ٿмίȫᡢίᡢǰ칫Ҫ飬ǩ漰ͼȫֹļҪļίʡί㱨мͼ칤
ΧƵĹõо˽⾭ý״͵״ǿļɼ칤
¼ͼ֯Ҫ쵼ɲĿ죬⡢˽¼ͼ֯Ļ齨ץüͼ齨裿

߶߶˵ʲôأЩҶ
ҶȥӰҶеĲɣ֮󣬳СҲûлؼңҶ˾ƵϢͼҶһ߶ļһ߶߶߶ţеǳ⡣
ίǵְѧϰءҶػش
ô˱ʲôĵˣϴ裬һԵɳϣҶĴ֧ţֺͿŵָԵ챦ʯһҫۡ
Ǽ鰡ҶڳɳϣһԺһһļ۾ļţ˵Ȼȥɼίǣ൱ѶȰ
ίǣ֮˵ӦòŶҼǵüίǻϺеģ㲻Ǿʱ𣿡
ôҶҡҡͷڸǰͬˣίĹҲԽԽҪˣ˵ԺмίҲҪ볣ˡ
ôһ˵ŶһҲŶĸɲǸίǣʡίƽģֱʡίǣʡίίͷˡ
ǰԹٳϵٹעģΪҶ飬ҲؿʼһЩڼʱ򣬾ʳүӺͳһЩⷽ⣬ּȻΧҶеġ
үӸɱʵ൱ͷʹΪһʲôŮӽΣʵе̫ԽˣǳֲˣҲϹ̸ͻȽڽУҪһ£ôܹͣȷʵʣֲΥ֯ԭ
ôһһЩģٳСڹٳϵһЩ򣬼ʲôģѾȫȻ֪ˡ
ҲûôסҶһĻʱЦˡ
ļӵһ߶׽ųĽţ¡
оеѽ˻ȥЦ
Щ꣬ίøˡҶ˵÷չͬʱ̰ҲԽԽˣ̰棬µɲϵίԱʲôûУίֲҪܵίǣƣ㹻ĲϣҲ˵ץ˾ץˣء˵ȥֵطҪ𣿡
ļίŶίǡгƽġ˵ⷽ治ɣ˵ˣҶˣûɣ
ǵڡҶЦŻشСҪǸܵĻҾԲը̶ģ˵ˣĳѵҲֻʵʵţ˵ˣǾͺѽˡ
Ҿüίǣͦģ˭˳۾鷳¡ְȼܵҶĴϡ
Ǻǣ㽲ЦɡҶʲôЦиСָŴ¥ſڹŵļ裬ί˴ЭǸʲôģĸش˵ίʲôҲɣ챳Ÿֹ֪ѵˡ˴үүŸӻƣɶҲܡ裬ɵɻʱҪѵЭ̣߶߶˭ҲġСʣǻһмίأĸ˵мί㣬˵Ǽලģܰ쵼԰ķ£ʹְǧ㻹ܰô
֮󣬶ʱЦ˭ô𰡣ĶӳֱЩٶġ
˵˽˼ίְ֮󣬾һӵȫһĻ¶ʱûȨʱ˼˵㲻ΪҶһ̯ǸͷǹģȻŪôһλãһͷǸҲûжˡ
ԭҶ֪Լһò̫ԿҲûһҪһʲôģȫȥ֪Լְλ֮󣬾е߷ȻˣڶһҪġ
¶ҹܲţүүҲܡ˵ȻüëһͷŮҲǺδޣͦƯģûʲô뷨
˼ҵδ޳ƯƯʲôϵҶЩĪطʵ
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㻹˵һжĳɹǹͷҪһģ˵Ҳᷭ飬޷˵ظͷˡ
ȻˣҪ飬ƺѶҲе̫
С㻹ʡʡɣʵǲ׶Ҷҡҡͷʾʵڲô
Ҿúܺðû𣬹˦ͷ϶ģҲŻѪǲͱ𣿡˵
⵹ǲҲôҶҡҡͷϹô˵Ҳ֮־ôôأŮȥˣһûô޳ţ˵ˣҵŮȻҪұģʼ侮ʯ飬
ҶԼԭ͵ߵģҲԼĽΪҶҵĵ߲һ¿õɲҪԼĴԭ򣬸һı˴ţҪճ߻籾ȥĻƴ˶ʧġ
飬Ҷ϶ǲȥģҲмȥ
ҪԸĵˣκֶζܹǻڲûбҪΪ֣ͰԼĵ¶ָ׵ǻġҶ˵ȱ飬ǾԲȥġ
ˣϸؿҶ֮˵Ц˵ûпˣҪ˵ܺõĻ̾´
˵˰죬С㲻⣬һҶѡ
ҶڴӦĻС϶ҪһͷԵġ
۸Ůˣ㲻ʲô£С㵱ȻԼ׼δûƷλµġ
ίǣǲأСʵ
ΪʲôأҶЦôҲǼٵģ˵ˣҪλãָԺίǣʡί𣿡
ʡίʲôøһҲҪмίǰɡСҪͦߵġ


501 ǸӰ
мίǿɲǺõġҶҡҡͷ
Ҫȫļͼ칤Ѷ֪֮ĳ߶ȴһЩ涼ģĳ߶СһЩ𲻵巸ӵЧѧʴء
Ŀǰ˵ҶΪԼѾ߱ЩĻʡ
ԼҲ֪ûмʮĻºҪӦһУ¡
ңмίǸλϣҪǵģͲǼͼ칤ˡ
һζʱ䣬ҶҲǷǳæµģҪ뿪ʥ֮ǰĹһЩöͬʱΪʥĴҪμھеʮĴ
ʮѮʮĴʽھĻΪһܡ
μδʽ1989ˣ1927ǰ뵳ڵڵιҪ쵼ְ񣬵¸صϵԱ46ˣȫ5100Ա
⣬ʮĴʮίἰйίмίĳԱʮĴĵڲͬ־Լйظͬ־307ϯδᡣ
ỹȫ˴ίᵳ⸱ίԱȫЭ⸱ϯɡȫ˺޵ʿԼȫ˴ȫЭίھʿͲ塢ڽ̽ʿ139ˣΪϯ˴ῪĻʽͱĻʽ
ֿ϶ʮĸĸ￪ҵȡõĳɹرǵʮԺǰδеο顣
˹񾭼ڼٷչгֵһЩ⣬ʷϺĺֺ˹ηƵļ仯
ּ񡢸ӵìǰҵᶨţһϵشȷľߣ쵼ȫʵȶȶ;÷չ
ϣѡԽͬ־Ϊĵ쵼壬ҶүӣʯȨŽ֣ԶΪгί˹Ȩ߻
Դͬ־̷ʤͬ־һҲѡΪίԱ˺쵼㡣
ͬ־ڻ˱棬ܽʮʵ飬ץסӿ췢չȷҹƸĸĿǽгơ
ͬڲйίĽ飬йίͬ־Ǳʾĵĸлͳߵľ⡣
Ҷһεϣһֵ
ְλҲֻǾֱʱ򣬴ոѡ
ҲǴĿһλΪһβλԱ֮УСġ
ʮ;ɲļ¼Ȼ˵ǿǰǾҪˡ
ô˵ȻԭģΪһδϣҲ쵼ɲƸ飬ԺܾҪžپȨ·ˡ
ΪԭҶڴһֱŵ͵Ըͷ¶棬ҲҺôʱý廹֮ܿеģԾĻҶýͷ֮е㡣
ˣҶׯµĻ᳡Уܵ˲ͬһƣֻУ㲻ػ۾ܵǿӰ죬˶ǿʢľòӭӻһо
ԭν֮Ҷƺ򣬸еԼľɲ֮䣬ȻͻһֱδͻƵľޣǰһһޱȵķΧ֮С
ܳԭҲ簡ԺĻҪμӲǣҶ۾ʱ򣬴ѾβڿʼƱʾף
һδϣҶҵʵۺʵھ÷Ķ̰õֲһ
Ҷԭ䵱УһδҶүӾȥˣүҲ뿪ȨģֻдҶӽھӲţΪڶϾڲһЩ⣬̨ˡ
Щ⣬Ҳ˵ȫҶӽĴֻ˵ȨĹУ޷һЩìܣڼˡ
֮ܶԭȵҶңһδ֮󣬾ͳûˣʼ˥䡣
ȴͬˣҶүӼȨ࣬ȻгίеĶүȻѳžίȨҶƽɹؽίԱУҶҹϵǳܵĵϵмίԶǣǳΪгίеһԱȨܹ֮С
˵Ҷҵʵʤԭȣﵽ˶塣
ҶҲ϶ǲܼȥģһᣬҶүӱȻҪȥҶҵ˵붥ȨԶУǷȻܹͬҶұһ£Ǿͺ˵ˡ
⵹˵ҶݲԶô˵ԶҪѳҶһּ֮󣬾ͱҪԼϵԼԼˣĳһ
ȻˣǷʲôдĳͻĻȽܵǿԼֵġ
ǧպãްպ졣֮һһʱҶүӾЩп˵ҶܹչֵزѾǴһˣͷǲܳ־õģδĹģǴȻΪһĳ׼
ʲô뷨Ҷӽʵ
һοᣬҶҵǻ϶Ǵһε۾ˣҶӽͶҶӳǾĴҲҶҺѵõһʢᡣ
ҶҪͷɣ͵չˣͷ̫ʢ˼ޡҶү˵ص㣬ȻصƽаѸˣһݶʵʵϴ϶ҪñְΪִ裬һЩ顣
ȷүӲҶھУеܶǱ֤ǼȶĸԴڣҲΪص㡣ִ裬ûֵܲⷽҪϣȡһЩɼý󻷾У·ӦôߣһܴĿ⣬ϣܹ⡣Ȼˣί棬ҲῼǸһЩϵ֧֡
Ҫ͵չҪô飬ѰҶӳ֮󣬾Щп˵
ɶ˾֮󣬸еϵѹҲȽϴɶȻǸ֮ף½ʵΪǿ󣬿ôûоܹսľӣܹӳսȷʵһʡ
ҶӳԭıģϵУλ֮Ȼӿ죬赱еһЩײҲϣܹĲս
ôһĻҪʽͶ룬бͬʱҲҪܶľϣд˲ŵЩ˵ܹġ
ģҶֻҪһжᱻעΪǼҵĹâʵ̫ҫˡ
ҪչҪ͵ȷʵһ⡣ҶƽҲһԱʾ
еķչƵ٣ÿһ춼µı仯Ϊĸ￪ҵµͷҪ˽ֵǲܵ飬ҶƽҲͷۣôܹĹעΪһЩöǶе۸һЩ
һʱĬȻҪҵһ֮
ȻˣǾǸӰɡһ߶Ҷڿˡ


502 ҶҪֵ
ȻˣǾǸӰɡһ߶Ҷڿˡ
ţôһ˵ҶʱסˣȻЩ⡣
˶ЩˣҶ˵һҵУҪЩǸģôõά飬ǹ˵˵ܶõģȻҪһվΪֵ󲿷ֵĻﵽ޶עĿġ
ҶӳˣͺܲͬҡҡͷǲУǼҵ棬ҲܹҶҵӣȥǵĵչǻܵӰģô첻ףҲһʮĺеΡ
ҶˣȻܵ˶ĹģȴΪҶӳе磬ϵĳЩȱԲĲԣ˾ԱٶһӣܳΪϸ˾Ա
ϾΪһؽʮıȨڵߴ֮ףʨ˾ҪǵһЩλȵġ
үˣǵ˵ͷʴҶӽӼĿΣ
Ҷӽ˶Լ˵СȻǼҵδϣڣڱϾᣬǸλûңԶҪľǱ֤棬Ѱδȹ̷չȫƶƽĵλȹ̣ȡ˳λ볣ĿǰҪ飬ԶСǱʾͬġ
ֽ˵ֻҲССδضùЩϺ꣬һԽ˵ߣͺѻתˡ˵ĺһǰ֮
һ˵˶ʱ¶
ǺίǺףԭйίĸκ󺣣ѾȥˣйίֱܸȼĻҲˣϺҵӰѾȫ˳
ҲڸҶ潻֮󣬲ŵʡίλã˵ܲףǰڵԵʣҪչȴǲˡ
˵Ͳܲʱ飬ʱһϯȫη籩УѡһȻҲܿ⵽˴ȥζʷĽȴ˺ܲõӰ졣
гίǵУͱһɡҲһԼμӹģԲߵ쵼λ
Ȼ˵һɡƺЩ飬ʵˣһ漰һͲҪƹȥ
ںүڣԶҲǰĪֻܿչܺȷʵڵطʾԶͬ٭Ҳܸıʲô
ֻҪǰ˻ţͲֻܽҪɡȡͲҪ볣
Ҷӽᵽ飬޷ǾҪһ´ңҶͱϾ̫Сһǰ棬ȥ䵱ڷ絲꣬עôҪǵغǷܹŵס
ǳŲסĻ޲ܹԤãԼҲᱻݽȥЩϯη籩ɡ
ҲҶܹܵġ
ϾҶҵĵڶѾȫɳˣֵܵȨƲνСǲй޹ҲǿԽܵġ
ΪתƻĿ꣬ҶصĻĵǳˡ
ģô⣿ҶүڿˣֱҶƽ
ΪҶĸףҶƽ棬϶ӵķȨġ
ҶүӼʹҪҲһҶƽϾҶĸףܹҶˡ
Ҷƽһ£ҶһۣȻ˵棬ǱҪģҾСĽҲеֻҪԭԵĴôʲôǰڲƽģңҶ˽⣬Ҳôױ˸ϳ¼ΣϷΣնΣţɽΣЩһǾҪˣ΢žķ𶯵󻹲Сˣ
˵ģίԱôģ˲ԼİɣûСôץסĻ᣿Ҷƽ˵ԣΪֻҪС㹻֧֣ȷʵģҲǱسܶԷĻԻΪðŶֵڻǿ𣡡
ôһ˵ҶӳҲһЩпǺǣҪ˵˾СĸôҲСȷʵܹеݼ޵ˡȻˣҪĻǱԼΣá
ҶӽЩϸڣ֪֮࣬˴ҽһ֮ͨ󣬵ͷ޵ǿ
Ҷү˴ҵ֮󣬱˵ȻˣԭͬСĽ顣
˵ȷʵӰشС˵һ˵Լûʲô뷨Ͼ飬ֵС˲ãֵôˣͺɱȽϴĶҲֲԤ⣬˿á
ҶүӶҶ൱˽ġ
ҶĸֶΣҲʶ֮ǰһֱû˵̸ֻԼĿʱȻҵ϶ͳһˣΪҶܹʤôҲҪһȱ©
Ϊ켣̳͵μң̳һСˣҶүʹǵģζ൱ḻҲҪһҶĽ飬ǷܹѡȡһȽϺʵ㣬顣
뷨ȻеģǾڻûСҶʱԼΪĿ꣬˵һʱ嶯Ǿ˼֮󣬵óĽ
ʵϣҶҲڴԼС̡
ްպ죬ҶֻҪܹȷҶƽ볣ĻδʮʮУɱݣҶƽٵĻʱάֵøһЩ
ȻˣҶ㹻ʱȥӦٳЩۣҲ˴ţϵĴҶȻǲ᷸ģ֪Ⱦߵƣ֪ʲô¿ʲô²
ƣҶȻܹſֽţƾԼ뷨ȥһЩĽҿһЩķβˣ
գȥеҶҶĴ󲿷ֻԱ֤Ҷƽ׽
ܶ飬ҪʵȨ׵ʧܹȥġҶ˵ҾҪȥӶʡˣеһܲԾûУһжҪҶǱ߶һ֮󣬲ܹȷǷӦö֣ӦôЩ涯֣Щá
Ǿ˵һ˵ĳ뷨ɡҶү˵
뷨ȻǴְλ¡ҶشίȻ˵ǺܴĹٶھÿٷչĽ죬ί칤ǴпΪġ
˼˵һεĻᣬҶүʵ
ǰȻǰҷŵλϣҪҵЦܵøһرźãֱڵǲðòߣꡣҶش
νѣҶŪףҪߣҲǼ򵥵ء


503 һҩͰ
ԭеͨģôȷʵҪһɡҶү֧Ҷ뷨ģͬʱ˵˵ίͬ־мˡ
Ҷ֮󣬵˵ͷ¶ġ
мίʮ궯бȡָʱ򣬳үӾ͸Ǳ߶Ĺʮ֮ãӦ˵൱оģֻҶеɣԼȥ̵Ļܹͳʵϣ
ҳүģǹ飬ⷽϵ룬µʡⷽ涼ˣӰǳ̡֮
⼸Զƺܼ˶үӺǺǵЦŽϴδɽΣûͳȥİɣͬ־ϲϷζĵģȥû׼һˣͿڻˡ
Ҷ˶ʱЦ˵Ҫǳү֪˳ԻֱӾͰɨسˣתһ룬취Ҳܼ˶ȥܲȫջġ
ҲܹϳҵˣѹϵһЩ˳㻹ܹһ¸ʲôģû׼֮á
˵ҲǲҶôС͵ôΡҶӽȻпһ뵽ԼҶɵôҡͷ
Ҳö룬ʵҲúܲҹ˾ķչͷܺãԺҶҵĲԴˡҶο
Ҫһʡľͺˣһ˾ЩݺݺģͷʹúܡҶӽְԼĶͷȻǶҶЩ
ֹ˾ˣܲܶһȺɵүǶɣҶЦ
ҶӳЦ㲻֪õģһȺүǶģҪȫŮҲͰˣ˵үǶúøɻȥģʲô飿
ʱͬˣŮһҶ˵һ䡣
˵⻰ʱͻȻ뵽˴磬ʱЩŹƻô꣬ûŮһˣû뵽ںλָʵˣֻ˵ߵУǲװ
⻰ͬġҶƽһ߶˵Ҹô֪Ӱж̨治ֻŮˣҲֻˣЭܹչⷽ棬ϴ϶еˡ
үЦھӪˣеתǡ
ҶүӾҶСʲôһûпˡ
¶֪ϰ̰ءҶ̻ش
ʲôλүǶͬʱһСϱˣ
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Ǹջ˺Ӷѣʱ仹أǼʱ
ոյ飬ǵλæŹҴ£û֪ͨҡҶһػشλԴ·ǳעҪȻĻҶͬ־һŷᣬ¸˵˵
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ҶүӵˬҶҵѪͲǺܷʢҶ궼ûãһֱǴһͻȻҶ˵ѩ˺ӣȻޱ˷ܣۿžҪŶ
үҲеǳˣЦŶҶ˵С˵СʲôʱҲˣӳǶŪ
Ҳ̫ļ˰ɣҶӳЦСʮ궼ϷĻ䶼ڶʮ˵ˣֶܴܲͷΥƻ߰ɣǳʲôˣ˵ϳǱ߶ǻûʽȷô
Ҷ飬Ȼ˵Ҷͬˣǻȱһʽ¶ֻ˵Ǵ˹ʶûʽǩЭ飬Ҷӳ顣
飬ƽʱ䣬һʽȷɡҶүӵ˵ͷҶƽ˵
ǰΪҶ֮ǷܹϵԴҲûа˵ˣȻС϶Դûʲô飬ദҲӦˮɣԶˡ
һ֮ǰһֱûȷ£ҲΪҶҵǰ;δҪһʱѣʱʮĴҲˣҶҵĵλҲȹˣ¶ȷʵӦöҲð˸˼
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ǲô˵Ҷ̸Ĺؼڡ
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ҾͻСӦҵΪء˱ʾ
ʵҶڶ¶Ҳеӣϣֵ̼ˣ˵楣˵ԼϵеŮǡ
ŲȺüĺȷʵһܹסģһηҶ٣ʱҲеˡ
Ҷҿͥͬʱһɽׯ֮ڣҲæµš
׷ͷмһЩ֤Χһ𣬺Ȳ
ǾעˣǰһĻȻܹ֣һ׷ͷѾȥǰǴǣһλҲǵ֮ȻȥıȽ磬Ҳ൱Ϲ˼ҵĹϣһʱĴ
ڼλһЩһλǹе׼ŮȥҶλõĺλҲǹ˼һ߳¼ҵĵӵܣ϶ǻ쵽˸һλõ
ϣһȫ֣ŰҶСӽиŪߡ˵
Ҷ֮ĳޣԶ޷ģֻ֮󣬸ҶҶԿֻܼϣڱˣ˵ĴȻˣӰȴȻ
йϳ棬Ҳ˵˳үӣ顣
ǹΪԼ׼ŮıһλãλȴҶһӣŪȥίǣ˻ӡ
ֲԣȻǹԼ뵽ģǳڱߥġ
֮Ͱˣ䰡ҶҵĹڣô㵽Сϣϰ˰֣ȴЩɻ顣
СȻͲȴһӻˮȥӶԳԿͷҲӦõġȻԸ˵ԼҶ˺üΰ
һ߶˵ҶҲ˹ǲе̫ˣ
飬ȴеЩԼʥɺˣҲѣҶֱӾʲôأ
㲻ôô뿪ʥأ˵˵ˣӶļίǾôøɣһҩͰ


504 ̸
㲻ôô뿪ʥأ˵˵ˣӶļίǾôøɣһҩͰ
ôӶ𣿡ˣЩʵ
ϵ˵ͷǱ߶úԴ˷ǳ⣬Ҫһˡ
ûô򵥡ҡҡͷǱ߶飬ҵʱҲ˽һЩ޷Ǿֻ֮Ϊȷú̿ƲӰ죬һֱǲȡάֵ̬ȣԸ¶ˡ
ӶʡڹڵελȽ⣬˵ûʲô̫ǿƵ쵼Ϊʡڴú̿ԵʣһֱǶϸʡԴأԸ涼ϣӶʡ쵼̫ǿƣԴҵϴӰ졣
ʹ˵ú̿ڹԴԶϸʡĵҲڹͳﰲ½еģ˵ӶʡʼǵĻôӰ쵽ľͲǼʡˡ
Ͼúֻ̿ȼȡůģ֧ͬúҵúĸиҵķչǹ֧ҵĸԴڡ
ڱĵط쵼ӲŽ⼸֣㹻ǶˣںӶʡϣľǸΪĻͺγͳһú̿ϻķȨ˵ֵֻеˣҲЩȥܾܿҪˡ
֮󣬵˵ͷһûᣬһӶб䣬ҶǱ߶δȣ׾ͱ˵ƷƳģѹүӻôһᣬʱ򣬼ԽߣվԽ󰡡
ǱĵطҲͰˣǺӶʡһ˵Ǳ߶ˣḻٳҶһСëȥˣ˴ʧˣֲѣϾӶҶҵĵ̶֯һ𣬷ǳӣֻҪƲ׾ܹҶСȥ޷԰Ρ
ΪӶʡú̿ԴԸɳԼĵɽǰӶʡפΪľȷԼ治ˣ˵ӶʡǷȶͲǵĹ֮ˣΪ߶ԽңǾԽ׻ȡ
Ҳ˵Ǳ߶Ҳˣʱһ¡
Դ˲ǺܹģҶ֮䲢ûʲôֱӵìܣԼҶʥλã֮Ͳʲô
ֻǼȻѾҶ˳ͻôϳ¼ҺϹ˼ңҶںӶõѡҲʡԼǰľˡ
Ҳɻ󣬡ҶֻȥмίھͲ͵ʡĶȥɣ
ǺǣʡͬǣһѵĸɲһôûìأЦֻǸոΣͱ˼Ҹýͷöˡ
ҶֻκһؼеļίǵĻȻλȨأʡǸݶȫͬˡ
ʡɲǶȥˣʡʡĸɲҲݵĺûݵģ൱࣬Щһǡ
ҶôһˣôһȺϺм䣬ôùǣ
ΣΪҶֻһëӶѣ˸ӵζУôȫˣ
ǰڽеʱնʡ֮𣬶ܱҶ壬Ҫ˵ûҶƶҲţҶԼôı¡
䵹û˵ʲôʵ֮䣬Ҳʱ϶ѣȻϽҶֻ˵Ҳ˵ϳ¼ҺϷʧƵҪԭ򣬶ǴҶǱ߶ġ
˵ִʵôϾδؿô׵شӦҪȫȥԸҶˡ
ᣬҶ鷳ɡ϶Գ˵
˵ͷϳ¼ںӶʡҲϵģֳȷʵס
Ҷյǣһͷ۵飬ϵıһܾʡ
Ҷûüݷóүӣȥȡѧϰһ¼ίôУͽӵһλ¹ĵ绰ȥһ˶
绰ģεгίԶǣҲҶڵĶͷ˾
ΪмίǣԶнгίУⱾʹһ򣬶ڼͼ칤ӡ
֮ǰʱ򣬼ίͼ첿ǷģѾϲΪһ壬ʹԶеȨˣҲƷչҪ
ԶеλӦ˵ǸЭҪ
ʵϣԶвʵرǿһͬҶҹϵϳҼᶨֵ֧Ķͬʱ±ȽϹܹõͬгίҲ顣
ֻǻģһλϣͺ˵ǷȻԭȵˡ
ҶȻԶȥĿģҲûие֣ϾԼǼͼϵͳĸɲϰӼҲǺ飬Ҷĵͨ鲿ɵģôмίǽӼҲʲôܵġ
˵мίȨǺܴġ
мίȫѡٲǵ߼ɼء
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ݹҪһ͹һפļɼɼԱ
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ԶǼҶ֮󣬵û˵ʲôϻ򵥵˼䣬͵ݸһϡ
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ǵȽϸӣͼ칤ĿչҲҪעⷽʽⷽҪȥ죬ҪãýҲܹܵӰ죬һҪע⡣Զ˵
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õģˡҶͷʾԼˡ
֮ҶͿʼЩڣ˼֮󣬾üͷ
ǵ⣬ԶԼҪصöࡣ


505 ҶºӶ
شɽӣ֮米
֮Ҫ壬ԭ֮ء
һ
۷򣬷Īӡ
ҢʵءսǡԸԭšű򡭡
޶˸ɣˮȴǹ硱
ʹǷɽڣ̺ɽ
Щ˵ĶǺӶʡʡС
Ļ˵ԹŴڻԭ彻ͳͻĵش
ġֱ̡ΡԪ壬ȺȺҡ֡ūʱɡصǼͻʡŮ桢ɹšڴ뺺йҵĳͻͶ
ʷ£ԵڷЧԵڵУһԾϰγ䡢ǿ硣
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һΣҶǹΣֻһ˾һ׼Ҳû
ԭҶҲŪȥˣΪҶİףһΪʱȣһҶΪǵ⣬Ҵ֮˹ȥδؾܹãԼһ˹ȥûʲô˼ɣôھôڣҲʡġ
ҶûɻһǰһԽҰֱӾʹӾɱǶҲͷ
˵ʵڵģһ˵棬ԽҰȲ˼ҽγͷȥ͸ļճֻ࣬ǸͷһЩҷе
ҲΪֻ˵ڣǾǼˣ϶ҪΧúõһġ
쵼Ҫоˡ˾ʤʱҶ
ܿҶں飬Ծ⿴һ£ɫѾ
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ٽҲУΪǰ˺ö೵
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ڶ죬˾2000Ǯֽ𣬻е̨ļߣӽ˷վݺʹȻ󵽳ó
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ϼŶԣֻҪзֳɣ°ôôɣ˭Ҳ⣬˾Ƿ׷áѣǳ䷢йһ£Ҳûʲô취飬Ҫʵʵؽġ
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һػһճصģ˾ڸأճصˣ
سʲô˵㳬أǳءŲٸëһӲķԣֵͲա
˾ߵ䣬ҲûƢҪëĻ治ҳʲôֻùԹԵؽ200ķˡ
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Ҷĳӿʱ򣬽һ۳ƣʲôҲ˵ֱӷˡ
ʲôȥţ
˾ǿҶĳӣҲ۷׷ס
һʶľ˵ܲεĳƣ˵ţţ
뿪ؿ֮Ҷ˵ӶĹȷʵܳ⣬·޼ɵӣ˼˭Ը﷢չʡһ˲֪ڸʲôɻȻû߶ѹܴ󡣡
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Ҷˣ˵ͷʤ˵ĻȻһĵǴϲȻվסŸģȻ޴󣬿ȫʡԣȴҲֻ΢
ʵϣһֵķ󲿷ֶ˽У빫ֻǼ
˵ǽоڣǾ;Ƶ꣬Ȼһ·ֿ˰Сʱǵ˵ط⻹ȫʤǱˣ·ȽϤ
Ҫ˵·ϵĳ治ܶ࣬еɵ޵÷ǳãǳһ֮ٶȾĺܿˡ
ϾŵӣҶһڵǷ꣬ס֮󣬾Ϳʮˡ
ȳԷɣ˷֮ϢĴ䡣Ҷ˵
֮ܶҶǶǵĵһӡ󣬲Ǻܺá


506 İ
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ƾŵ淨򵥣ҪǸׯұȴСرһģҿׯҶԶģҲׯ
ׯͨ4˻8ˣעׯҽ泯£ʼƣȻ8ÿ4СȻ˳Ʒ䵽ÿС
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ʱһ׼棬Ѿ˲ֽ𣬿иʮӣǿϷŵļӣ֪ϵֽһСֶѡ
һλһλͷϴһĵ̣ббش͸üңȥЩ֮ɫŰӣҰ׻ڼͷȥǿӡ
ʱ˸ѩѣȴ˿Ӱ죬Ʒơ
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Ĳ˾ʹɢԵԺ棬ԼĳȻ׼һɢ
ף⳵ͷȻͣԺԽҰɵһ£Ǳصգ֪ʲô˵ģ
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ʲô̶ϣ¹˭ţͷһ˵һֵĻ
٣û˵˿۾Լˣųˡ
ëͺӿ˿òףҲ׷ˣʣ¹ͷļ£˻˼ӣͰˣ˻𣬿ųһ̾˳ȥ
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ʦļߣͷΪԼǶˣȴû뵽˿ӡͷЦ˵עϣЦ
٣̫嶯ѾӮһҪӢһĶɽԼʲô˿۾ʦЦ̫Ȼûк³װһӣˡ
ºӦ鷳ë˵
˿۾ʦˣ˵̶֮һչôһĻû׼ͷĥˣСӿ϶Ҫġ
Ѿ鷳ˡ˿۾Ц㵱͵ߵҲۺǿǹܲյĳ
Сëˣʱһ˵ͷײùˡ
Ȼ͵ܲεĳǲԼӻó
˵Ҫǰ͵飬Ÿȥô˿۾Ц˵
ߣȻǸ߰Ǿʦë֮󣬶ʱ˴Ĵָ
𺳵úܣֲþʦ޶ԣԭʶ̫ʶˣ֪ʲô͵һܲεĳӣǲԼʲôأ
ڶϣҶʤ˳Թ֮˳ȥʱ򣬾ͷһǳˬ顣
ܳҵĳأҶٿſտյͣʱȻŭ


507 ŵ˼㰡
ܳҵĳأҶٿſտյͣʱȻŭ
˾ʤˣҲû뵽סִƵ棬ȻҲᱻ͵˳ǵΰ治ǲһ
쵼Ҫ𣿡ʤʵ
飬ȻҪģεмίǵݣȻľƵ棬˸͵ˣҪǴ˳ȥĻǿ˹ٳЦ
ңΪķҲпܻһδķ籩
ϻʲôҪ𣿡ҶʱѾ侲תʵ
һε飬ȷʵе֣˵ִƵͣĳܻģƫƫȴ⣬鱾ͺֵá
ҶǣҲϣΪ飬ͰŪһŶ㡣
ûʲôҪĶǺЩع̾ʲôġʤش
Ȼ˵ع̾ҲֵһЩǮˣǶҶԣȴ㲻ʲôֶҪپж٣νعͨ˶ѣǵĸʡ쵼Ϳˣǵع̾ƣ治һСĿ
ڵȷʵе֣ʵȫְ쵼ҲİˣǸʡľͶˣְģݵģܸʡϴģЩ˼Ǻܴһ֣ҲγһȽȺ壬عȺ
͸Ĵʱ𲢲󣬲ݺԲ
йزŹݸɲõ֪ͨ涨ݵɲǰ11䱸Ա
֮ݴвģݺ󲿼ɲרûˣҲᱣ֤ó˻רְ飬飬ݺһЩѧᡢЭְЩλһ㶼䱸顣
⣬һЩԭλŸߵĸɲԭλҲᰲԹ̶ԱΪ񣬵ҲǸǼУ֮ûˡ
ںܶ쵼ĽУ֡ۡζţЩ˿ܼﲻܲĴ
ܴݸɲ֮һۺϴҲǵδҽƴеһ
ʮǰȫΧڽһЩԵͼĸɲΪܣ򣨸ҽƴ
Ҷǵúиߣ193776ǰμӸǰΪּݸɲʡҽƴ19377719381231ղμӸǰΪּݸɲܸʡҽƴ19377719421231ղμӸĻǰΪּݸɲܸʡҽƴ
ϸɲְԱУܴҲ֪ܳԺԺʿͿܸɲĳ˳ҽƴ
ҵλУֱУУȷΪɲѧУļûͼݹݳʹԺԺҲǸɲһЩҵ쵼ҲǸɲ
֮ܶʭӶ˲ҧˣԸʡһ㼶عƷ˵Ҳôһ¶Ҷġ
ĵģǳûʲôеĶ͵˿ɾ鷳ˡ
ҲҿһᳵӣûдʲôرĶҪļУЯţĻ黹鷳ˡ
Ҷĥһ֮󣬾Ͷʤ˵Ƶ귽ϵȻĸ屨ˣҪҡ
ǣ쵼ʤҶ˼Ͱȥˡ
Ƶ귽ĹͨҲ⣬Ȼ֤ҶȷʵԽҰͣ˾ƵͣϣǶںȴȱȽпϵĽ֮ͣ󣬾̬ҲģɣǵǼѡ
ʤ֮󣬾Щ˵참ľ컹˵ģҲģǱ˰Ҳûʲô˼
Ƿ궪飬ҲһˡҶ֮󣬾üͷ˵
ǵģ참ľ˵Ƿ귢飬һ굱һʮģûưʤͷشԾ컹Ȱұϣⷽ棬ʲôϽȥ죬ɺûġ
飬Ƶ귽϶֪ģ϶Ҷһ̾жϣʤȸȥʡίССھƵ긽תһȦòһ߶ĺڵǷһû֣˵飬һͲˣȻҵĳ͵
ҶҪóĽۣҲܼ򵥣ĻƵ귽϶ǿʩģĻƵܵصӰ죬ƺûвȡκεĲȴʩ˵һǵغڶΪƵ귽֪飬Ҳǲȡʲôж
ģǣҿһڳǣҶ͸һ㣬Ȼͷ
ԭ;ùͷӰԼ͵ûаģոչͱ͵˳Ȼʲô֮أĺڶҲ̫ˡ
ǹؼ⻹һ㣬ҶֻǼίǶѣֲίǣҪԸЩڵʦҲֲҶҶǰ
Ҫ˵ץɲε⣬ԼֻǸѣôץõԷİѱ
Ȼ˵мίȷʵһЩϽ⣬ЩֻһЩӳĲϣ֤ԶúܣԼҪƾЩȥԼ̸ɲƻᱻЦġ
Բ˳ҶȻԼλ÷ǳߣĿ΢΢е֪Ӧôˡ
Ҷ緹ûгء
ˣƵˣǵתתҶһֵʤʲôõĽûУ
㰡ȥͷ԰ɡʤ̾ͽ
ͷԣҶ˹Ȼһ㶣治֪ʲô
ǺǣǵһַζСԣġʤЦŽ͵
ûãǾȥ˸һСԵ꣬ʤǵͷԺñС
ЩСԵֺŶҶҲв˽飬֮Ц
һСƾͰҪͷԺñˡ
ͷǺӶеһСԣ˵ǵ긵ɽģʷˡʤҶ˵쵼㳢ζġ
Ҷ˿ͼνͷԣʵһ⣬һˣһɽҩ
˵ͷʱʳñУҲǺӶķζز
ñһֿƵԲΣпգò͵ۼ뽷Ƭտǣһ¯ơ
ͷʱñС飬ͷͽзζ
ζҶʤķŪ֮󣬳һڣͿԸеоơҩĺĻζζɿڣԽԽ㡣
˻ƾơлΣ˵Ԫ̲𣬻ѪθӪиǿ׳塢ٵáʤһ߶һ߶˵䣬첻ͷԣҲиͷԣǸʱΪ컹ţҪҵֱھӪͷԵķ꣬ǰһյֽ־ϰһֱ񡣡
ҶŤͷһۣȻСԵһյֽɵõ˵ͷ
һۿȥ˾˵һĻ
ܳŵ˼㰡ҶӸˣֻʧһԽҰһ̶شǰĴ·ϺХųȥˡ


508 ʡټ
ʤˣҲһ𾪵ؿ棬ԶȥĺԽҰ
͵˳֮󣬻Ҵҡڵڴϻεһ˼ɶûУ˵ʲô⣿˵ҶƲȫû¶ȻǺڵϵɵģ춼ҹܵĺڵ
һһէģСԵĻƾͿˣ̽ͷ̾˵ֻ˰
ʲôʤЩʵ
ȻǱˣ⼸һֱͷԶʲô֮˵ǲ֪
İ㲻֪Щֵʵ
ʤ˵ǱػȻûаˣôһʣҲе棬ƺΪˣ֪Ǻһ
⼸ع治ˡʤ˵
һΰ֣ëС˵˵ľǵϵļλڵϴ󣬲֮һ˾ѹЩ˵ͷ
ƻҪ˵ʲôϰǱ߶Сӣкˡ
ȴпˣӦһܹȥдȥˡ
԰ɣͷٲ顣ҶҲû˵ʲôȻĿѾҵˣôܵ˺ܲҲ
ģҪ˳ε飬Ȼš
Թ緹֮Ҷʹ绰ʡί֯˵ԼѾˡ
ʮ룬Ҷ͵ʡί֯
ʡί֯һɽԽӼҶʾӡ
Ҷͬ־ˣһ·ӾǸϹӦúúϢϢġһɽҶ˵
ͻȻҶӶмίһְʡĴԱҲеЩĪڿҶ֮󣬾;Щ˼ʮмίǣһĸɲֱ̫׶ˡ
൹̸ϣһζرϰˡҶĻشƽȣһɽ֮󣬾͸еЩ棬˵λҶǹȻͬˣͨʮˣƾûôȻ˰ɡ
ҶҲûк˵ʵһǳھǺ֮ȥģͬʱҪеҶͬĽ⣬ȷʵæúܡ
鲿ƷɲԸʡк˵Ҫʡί쵼ӣɽʡʹ¶һɽ˵ţעҶ
Ҫ˵ҶӣҲ͸ѧ࣬һǵɲģֻһɽҲע⵽ҶͶ֮䣬һִǳϰָʹ֮γɵĶҲǺܶ߼ɲеһص㡣
Ĺ̫ϸˣ黹ҪΪҶ˵ʵи˾ֳкˣǸмίŪôҶΪҪɸʡίǹء
һɽ֮󣬶ʱЦ
ҲԾ棬˵ҶҵӵܾǲһίԱ鲿Ʒɲ˼棬Ҳһͨ쵼ѡ
ֵǳڴŵӵܣ˭ֵأ
Ҷͬ־ȥίΣһɽʵ
ˡҶͷʾл
̸¶˼ھǺ߶ķ飬ҶҪǵʱ򣬾š
һɽ˵
ɽʡ˵еҶͬ־ˣ뵽칫һ˶ʡίǡʡɽͬ־֮
Ǻǣ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵һɽЦŸܵλҶͬ־
һɽָҶԷλɽͬ־֮
Ҷá֮Ҷ֮ҲǳһȻѾ˵ˣһǵмίְģһλˣǿҶ֮Ȼ޷ţȻôɲ
áҶ֮֡
ʱµĹأΪʡ֮ӦǸɲֻɽͬ־ոӶЩ黹û죬ֻ֮͵Ű֮ܲġ
һ˴ʱ͸Ŀˣ
ȻˣΪҶɲұֹǿƣȻûбҪô˵ֻǳƺְ顣
Ҷû飬ȥһʡΣ֮ʵ
õġҶ˵ͷ
˵ҶӶΣʡίӦüģӶʡе죬ʡίʡװ棬Ⱥ۲𣬷̲ϣʡίӢʹˣЩѹסţڲίְɽͬ־صӶҪӢͬ־λõġ
Ӣͬ־ƺҲھʹ˳ţȥ˾ǻϵһֱǣһζʱ϶ʡίǡʡɽͬ־ʡίʡװӵ
ʡί¥Ǹոɲõģжʮ㣬ɵһ¥
Ҷ֮ڴ¥棬ŵδȫɢȥͿϢԼ¥ݷζ
ҶʶӣζǷǳеġ
¥ոǺûжãΪԭʡίĵطˣԾͼŰˡ֮˵ȻʱѾ£ζȷʵЩš
ůĻζŨҡҶ˵ؼͨҪһЩĻֻй
𣿡ڶװȾ⣬Ǻӣ֮Ҷôһ˵ҲеԾ
ȥ̿ʲôģڷ棬һ¿екʣЧȽϺáҶ˵
֮˵ͷͷѯһʿ
ܿ죬˾͵ɽͬ־İ칫档
֮ţƿ˴š
ʡҶͬ־ˡ֮һλʮ˵
˵ɽͬ־ҶЦ˵ǰĲίʱ򣬾˵飬û뵽Ӷ˵
Ҷʾ˸л֮󣬾
һ£ֻɽͬ־ͷŨںڣúи࣬ʮ㣬óܺá
ʡίԱУʮͣ긻ǿôãȻҪһΪı֡
ʵϣһεɽͬ־ӶʡҲǶһԽġ
Ȼ˵ɽͬ־ǺӶˣһ·ǨڹҲίʱϳ˲ܼ򵥵ΪǱϵӶҲΪ˸õʵִĿģͬʱֲط̫ķ
˵ڵʡίӢͬ־Ӷ⼸ʱ䣬ûжٽҲʡݲ޹ϵųġ
˵ɽͬ־ӶǱкܴġ
ɽͬ־˺Ӷ֮󣬾ͷ߶ȷʵȽϼ̸֣ڣǳǿһʱ֮侹ȻҲֵĵطɲΥ̬ȣλʡеǳ
ȻˣȻҲڻǷʱһΪڸǺϤһΪʡĴ֣ûȥء
Ҷĳ֣̾ɽͬ־ǰһһѿ쵶


509 
ɽͬ־Ҷ̬ȱȽ飬ҶеӦ
Ȼ˵ΪҶҵĵҶίԱгίǣҲϰڸүӻ߷⾳˾ĻĴؽЩϾ඼˽˹ϵɽͬ־һ˾̸ܹյĽӴȷʵеˡ
ҶҲɵģνˣɽʡϣԼõЩʲôأ
޷ǾǿҶҶӵܵ£һŻƤ
μ棬ɽͬ־ȻҲûж˵ʲôֻǿҶǸմӾǹģҪУһѹõȵȡ
һ㣬ҶȻûʲôġ
ʵϣɽ˻˽ģ˱ȽʵڣǸʵµˣڼ䣬ҲӶʡ˺ܶʵ£ڴʡǷ̬ȱȽǿӲ˺ܶӲϵ󲻵òȻ뿪
ϾƽĹԱ̨Ӳʵһʲô飬׾ͱ
Ҷɽͬ־һӺ󣬾;˻Ǻܶθڵģ̸һ׺٣˵ⶼܻ䣬Щ˵ģҲҽ֪֮ˡ
ҶҲзΪʲôᱻµ飬ͷص繤֮󣬾úӶʡڸȷʵѹ̫ԲҪһ£ȴû뵽ԼĳΥˣͳﰲţͱˡ
ô˵ҶãܹϰյĽǶȳĹԱ˵ǲְĹԱ˵ܹɼµģǾ͸ֵء
ɽͬ־֮Ҷɽͬ־̸úͶҲеĸо֪ɽͬ־ΪʲôҶġ
ɽͬ־ںӶʡҲòȥôôһйҶ飿꺮ůģͺҶֶһ㡣
һֱŶʱɽͬ־ԽҶ˳ŪҶܲӦ
ʡԼȥͿԡҶ˵
ǺãϤϵĹɽͬ־ָҶ֣˵
ʡί¥ûʲôصסܣܿϢʹˣ˵ɲõɽʡнӴȵȡ
Ҳʲô¶鵱еҶһĽɫʮɲ˵ȥˡ
ȻӶʡĸɲǣ󲿷ֶҶĵϸҲ֪ôмίǣĴڣܹ֮ɽʡ˿Ǿ͸˵⣬ҶݷͬСɡ
ϾɽʡǴӾĸɲϲϵ˽⣬ȵطϵЩɲǿ̫ˡ
Ҷ뿪ʡί¥֮󣬾ʹ򳵻صǷꡣ
ȥ̽ϢȥˣʤҶ
زģƺΪҲȥ̽һǵĺڶʲôʲôҶʤ˵
õġʤӦ
ȵʱ˾ͶˣҲ˸ԵõϢ
ͨͥĸĳӪ˾Сɲ
ʮĸ￪ţĹؼʱڣʱڵļУЩɫʱӰӣԿ£¼Ǯĵλ١
ǵ˰ʮڣĻĻƺƵɱӪĺשƬ̱硣ձ졢˽ĸ̨֮˵ӰӣԪͦ˱󸹣˺һҹ֮žˣƱǺö
ʱбҵѾ״ѧ֪ʶĴ㡣
Ҳгݵż񣬵ǻĸ֣Ǹ۰ĴϺаԵͽʹīźɫµĶ񣬻и̨С˵еĽֱȥ档
ǰȥ裬ͬȥĻмŮΪ賡˶ңи˲ͬĽšëƤС£ͬǻɱ˹ȥǶԷˣдͽꡣʤܵͶڼ䣬֪ڸģ䱾˲ʦ
ԼʵûɽӣûкϵûвƸ֧ͥҪҪǮһסլ㳵ӵŮ͵ÿԼȥƴ
ƴʲôֻһ˫İ֣ûɽûƸûĻûֲһҴҹͣͰ¾ģ͸ķµıǮȥһںڵϻģ
֮ԼԭһСһΣԸٸУʼɫ֯Լĺڵ飬ǹ֧ǵĺڵ¼Ϲ˰
ǰ꣬˳ֵǹϸһѪԭܼ򵥣һͬڷԷʱʹºŽжķ˿ڽǣ˻ãƴ˼¡ʤ˵ϣ塢ˣǹɱԷң˿աԺ󣬶飬µһӵϣЯĻǹ϶Է˫ȣȻһҿԷĲ첲ǵˣʧѪ൱ȥ֮Ķ˸ҽԺſڣҿй·ҽȣѪȥ
ɴ˶Ǻڵϻ
⼸ƦåԱڶ࣬֯ṹܣֹȷǸɳԱ̶ӵзǷװĺ֯ΪеһΰʵǶǷҲǾ۶ĵһѵ㣬ＯʽΪ֯Ļѡ
ң˵д˼֮ÿʳƷʼǧʱ򣬼Ⱥʮ̨ֿϣǱۣԺǱÿţҪʮֽ伸Ľ⣬ʧݡ
߾ĺķҲʮ͸һһǧǷ˵Ǯ˲ҪǷĶծһӶ١
ǣ˭֪ĶծծǷծ߳ޣͻơ֮»ЧǷծ˿ɾͲˡ
⼸˶η˼αץȴα˷˳ʤ˵⼸εʱǿľˣ˵Ǿ棬ǿƿɽ
Ҷ֮󣬴Ͼһ˽⣬ҡҡͷûô򵥣Ǿпɽôɵģ¶Ȼֵȫϰս֪ȴ޶ԣίһ쵼Уڻ
쵼¶Ҫô죿ʤʵҿǿסˣҪҪİ취
¶ǲòˡҶ˵
Ƕ͵˱Ƚϸ˽⣬Ȼ˵֪ԷĿɽʲôˣ߲˿϶Ը¼ȥЩСåģĿɽҲǵطϵһЩɲѡ
ԸЩˣûбҪʲôǸǸʡֻҪǿƵѹȥˡ
ֻоԵıܹЩ˹ԹԵ
Ҷ֮󣬾Ͳͨ˶үӵĵ绰үүӶʡ˾˭


510 ٽ
ôͻȻ⣿үЩҽ»ˣճڻûüء
үھж꣬Ӧ˵Ǵһʼһֱھټûãǣң»Ǿ飬ҲΪˣүھеҲߡ
ڶүΪί׳ҲȻûиı»ϰߣһµУûʲô飬ܻڻʮϡ
»ˣҶ֪үӵϰߵģҲûдСֻ֣˵߶飬Ҫһá
װɣүЩȥǾ͵ӣǺܷɻ飬ɽҲȾָӡ
ôһоٽֳĻҶ˵
ٽֳǰ׵ģչ涨ҪʱǿԵؾģֻһΣΪҶþǿסˣԾͰĿת˱Ƚ϶һЩפ
þӲף侯ɣӶʡ侯ܶӵܶӳǳٽֱͿˣί߶һͿԡү˵ţҪöˣ
һӪɡҶش
һӪүˣҲǳһҪô˸ֲȥ̣
һӪȷʵˣһ½ӪսԱңǼǿӪĻǾû߶ˣǧҲǲܵ顣
˵ҶһŵĻǸûбҪүӴ绰ֱӸ侯кˣһĻҲǵǼһ£Ҫ˵һӪıͨί߶кС
ĻǴˡ
߶ĺڶǳⱣ˻һ죬ݾھƵ꣬Ȼܱ͵ߡҶ˵
ôĹү˾˵ȻĳӶ͵Ƶ귽û˵
ƵƵøɸɾ˾֮󣬾˵ǳ£ûҪһʡôҶ鷳Ҷ˵
ߣô˵ĻǵغڶˡүӺһ
үȻΪҶԷֺܴĻصľƵ;ûбҪôСµģֻ˵ɺڶȷ
ǣڶ緹ҾȻҵĳҡڵڽܣҶ˵
ܳүˣʱŭˡ
үӵȻջˣҪ֪ҶļӣǹҵľգܲεģģһǹоֵģЩھһ赲û뵽ǻһ죬Ȼͱ˸͵ˣ
飬˭϶ܲ˵ģ˵үˡ
̾ͱ̬ȣó̹һǿӪ¶һ̸ͬ־㱨ģί߶һٽҹϹȥල㶨¶
үôȻǲϣҶһԵӵ侯棬Ҷ߶һ֣ǹףһεжҶ˵㡣
ͬ־Ǳ߶и˵СҶ˵
еλϸߵǿʿϣȻòˣҶðѴ󲿷ֵĳֵԼϣҲĽͬ־Ǳ߶ͨ
˵˵𣿡үӺһǺڶⱣ˹ᣬоٽֳҶݱɿй¼رҪפѲ鹤ɺʲʣ
൱ʡҶ֮󣬾˫޳ɵɸٽǲеСˣ
ҶǾþί߶У㹻ˣٽеɱţĸоʹ
Լʡ侯ܶӳ̹ĻǾٽˣٽͷΪʰĺӣ
㹵ͨү˵ҶƽʲôҲ˵һЩ
ҲáҶ˵ͷ
ʵϣһУһٽҶû𣬷һ¶˶ѣҪôǵÿҶ뷨
ͱȽæµˣϣ鲿ǵİȫεоݵ㣬ԼµҪͷĿλá
ҶҲûȥƵסֱȥʡ侯ܶӴԺסǵд
ʡ侯ܶӳֻ̹ʮ꣬侯׳ɣԺǨĿԣֻǺӶʡ߶ʮĺѳɼģһͻȻӵоٽֳҶ£ȷʵó̹еЩԾ
˵ί滹һλٽҹϵҲó̹Դ˲һЩǡ
ǣҪʲô
Ҫʲô飬ҶǱտڲ̸ģֻǳʾԼ֤Ȼס侯ܶӴԺҪȴίˡ
賿ӣǵֱʡ侯ܶӵͣƺ
һλȫװٽֱ
Ҷͳ̹ﶼû˯ڵλίʹĵʱǽӵˣҲ̤ʵˡ
ҶֳܶӳǾί칫Σܷ硣λٽȥܺҽܡ
Զ࣬ȳԵӰɣȻú˯һǰ¶Ҷ˵
̹ȻҲԣΪίָʡ侯ܶӺ;ίʹоҶֳ¶һˣһ渺ЭҶǸʩ
ʱ䣬ҶñȽ϶ˣ˾д棬ŪЩԣ򵥵úܡ
̹￴˿̻ʵҶ˵λȻٽֳˣԼҲ󰡣˱ˣȫһ
ҶһݣмίǣҲλȨأȨȽϵĻоٽֳһЩ
˵Ļ̹õʡ侯ܶӳ൱˲õȻһɲڲȷʵֻµķݶϾ˼ҶõݣǡСֿͷģ˲õĲŰ
Ҷ֣һξʲô¶̹ڻǱﲻסˣ궫֮Ҷһ䡣
ţʲô¶ץ˶ѡҶشϣһ磬ηȺúϢһ°ɣһȥίء
ŶӰ̹˵ͷͿʼĥץʲôˣҪһǿӪıأ
Ȼ˵ǰץһЩ׼ӷʱʡ侯ܶҲϹǶ侯͵طϳģʲôģһεһЩͬƺؾûо
̹Ҳѣڵطϵ飬ô⣬ʡ侯ܶӾϴ󣬶ʡЩһǸŲģίҲȥμӡ
侯ܶ쵼طҲһԼ׳ɵĹ̹˼ҪǷܶ߶˵ʡίίǹҸѣҪμӵĻ飬ĺٺ٣漰ӽ跽飬Ųܹȱϯ
¶ȷָ߻ʹͬʱҶоֵٽֳȫ֣ʡ侯ܶӲǳ˳ѣҪʲôεĻҲֲ̹еûʲôõĵġ
أץ˭ץ˭ȥ¡


511 ͬ־ǹرͨѶ
ʮ¶ʮգίһ쵼ǣίǽ󿭺ίǡгľݵĴ£ίſȻȻдҪ
ŵʡίרյĺɫµϽγʻίԺ
γ֮ͣ󣬳Ŵ򿪣ֻʡί֯һɽ˵ҰУŴӵڶ߳һˣȥ˵лҲǷ꿡塣
ίǽһгľݽ󣬷׷ӭȥ
ںļλίίǶܾȣ׷׻̽ʣһɽ˭Ҫ˵飬ôܶһҪ˵쵼Ҳ̫˰ɣԼĺӣһЩ
áǰʺá
ǺǣҶðһɽս󿭵֣Ȼͬгľ֣ǽҶλҶǣʶһ¡
Ҷͬ־ίǽ󿭵۾̾Բˣеϲϵĸо˰ž̾Ϊ
˵ʵڵģҶʱȷʵܳԾ
Ȼ˵ղżҶ³ʱ򣬾ԤУҶҲ̫ˣ˵ôСһëͷСӣǵмίǵְǻʲô鲻ܷأ
гľҲЩԾĿǰڹڣŮг˵ǷëǣľԸյʮܹͣΪʡег˵ͱпȡ֮
ֻ׼Ҳû뵽ϼôһλίǡ
⾿ʲô˼أȻ˵еĸɲУڶñȽһμίǶˣôһλҲе˵˼ɣҲӦһϳɳص˹ּίŶ԰
ߣʡίаӲһ֣
һ룬ҲòԾʡίļλǣƶû˼ûͬίЦ
ôҶҶǴӾֱĿԣ޼Ӵˡ
ί߶˶ʮλͬ־νǱȽ֡
ʡί֯һɽ˿˵ףý쵽ĻȽȫ͵˵ͷˣ˵ɡ
룬Ҷͬ־롣ίǽ˵֡
⵹ҲݶһɽǸʡ쵼ǹŹñӵ֣֯˵ҶԶǿͣͬ־ҲǵֵģҪעģ˼Ҷļ𣬿гľͬɲ֮ͬ䣬ȻҲ֡
һɽͷ׶롣
Ҷֱۣһ̬ʾίǽ󿭺гľһ
˵ļ𹻸ߣǴӹٳ˵ְͬλصĻҪصģ˵ˣͻϿˣΪǲְͣλҲ͡
ίǽЦŵͷʾлһһɽȥˡ
гľݸҶ룬΢ЦŸŹǵһЩ飬ƺΪӪһȽѺõķΧ
ʵίǵȨǺܴģɲ棬Ͳܲ⣬⣬ҪԼίһصģԴȻλúȴֲܺùϵǡ
˽˻֮ҶͿ˹ĺɫдšһӭʡί쵼ӲҶͬ־Ρ
ίίǣȽҪĴϸɲˣĶͷ
ίǽ˻飬ͬ־ǣҵӭʡί֯һɽݰָ
˶ʱƻӭֻû׶Ⱥ鼤
ҲǺȻģƹȫʡɲñӵʡί֯һɽκһҪͬ־ǣǺܼġ
Ȼ˵֯δܹһɲĹλ漰ĸϢȴҪģֻҪ΢͸¶һεķܹԺܶ˵ǰ;شӰ졣
һɽˣ΢ЦͷȻѹѹ
̱÷ǳ˵ĶȻѵأ뻮һ
ͬ־ǡһɽ˵ҹָġмίһְȱѾһˣԴ˷ǳעΪ˸еļͼ칤ԭʡʥίҶͬ־ǰй
Ҷͬ־ʥĵߣӵзḻĻ飬ǼΪɲ
ʡίϣҶͬ־쵼£еļͼ칤ܹ
Ҷͬ־һӭίǽ󿭹˵
Ȼֱͦ壬ƻӭҡ
Ӹղŵ쵼У˵õ˺üõϢȾǣҶʡίĸɲֱӴӽʡģξǣҶҶǷǳᣬҾ˵Ϊ㣬⼸ֿɲܸĶ壻ٴξǣλҶ̫ˣֻҪԴϳ۾ˣܿó
˫۾עҶϸɲͬʱעҶôľѹ֮£ûǿˣ϶Ƕסġ
ίǽҲãгľҲգļίĴǣ᲻ôǰ
ʵ˵ǻԼҶ͵ʱϽ̨еǳҪ˵ʲôϸɲǰˣǼֱǲܵ顣
һɽҲеģȻҶ鲿ĸɲŲڵڳɣ
лʡίһɽڰæ֮УлίǺľгԼλͬ־ĻӭҶŲæؽͲԼ߶ƶһ£ȻʼԼеĵһνһĳУڽʡʱͻȻӵ鲿Ʒɲĵ绰ҪӶʡҵʱ밡Ӷ꣬ڶһˣδؾܹӦ򡣡
ϯ̨ϵļλίˣɵ÷׷װЦ˵СӲŶֲϰʮˣȻ˵Ļ
ίǹʿȪ͵ͷԱ߶ĸǵС˵װҿװ
ЦЦûȻҲҶΪȻȴԲȥһСӽϾԷôɲȻ֪ôģֻ˵Ҷ鲿ĸɲһ鲿ƷɲĸɲͷͬСɡ
Ʒ˭ǿǽίԱеĴȫɲñӵ鲿Ĳֻƾ֮ĵ绰ϵͲ˵ҶǼ
ʿȪִͲӣ˵ûȻǸǣҶǼίǣҶļֻǸǲˣûŪҶʵϸ֮ǰǲ̬ġ
ǰϵǣͳͷԺñǣζȷʵҶ˵һĳУأ˹٣ӸΪһʡǵļͼ칤˵ӦǺܸ˵ġ
ôᣬ˲Źء
׷ײ¶ȣλļίǣǺηʥļίǣǵʷҲǷǳģǽ͸û˵ˡ
أһЩ飬ҸеܾȡҶ˵²̫Ǻ𺳣ΪôһЩڣͬ־ǹرеͨѶߡ


512 ǹ
ҶҪ˸еЩȣҲЩ⡣
˵һոεļίǣȻǱϾίǣҲгֳʡί֯һɽڳôҲֲ˵ģô˵ˣҪϣеˡ
һɽ֮һҲ˵ʲôֻʿؽԼֻ˳ػȻϡ
֮ڣһɽְλˣôһʣ̷׷Ч¡
ǻ涼ǹرֻBP˭Ҳϣ쵼ʱͻȻԼֻǾеȺȽ鷳ˡ
Ҷ¹Σ˭Ҳ֪ĵһѻҪյΪеĻӭϣҪӵġ
ܺáҶ˵ͷʾȽ⣬л֧֣лͬ־ϣ˵˵顣
ôһڣҲȤ֪Ҷ֮󣬾ʲô飬˲ͬѰľٶ
ҶĹ²ʣ˿ڣôӽ󣬹ڴеţҲͺȻˣϾôһίǣ˭ķ
ֻϯ̨ϵһڳίǵı飬֪ҵʵͦġ
Ҳ֪鲿ô¶ģȻôһίǹⲻǸŪ˰ɣ
ǣ黹ǺܲġҶ˹ؽȻս֮ǰ迨ĽҲûӰҵ飬Ϊҵĳܲεգǿһ۾ͷˡ
᳡˻Ц˵λμί˵ǱȽȤģֹٳǱö֮ڴ˵˳ȴû˾úܷУʵϣҶ飬ǺôǴϵĸɲȻ顣
ʵϣҶų⣬ˣֳԼΪ쵼ɲĲͬŽǶϴɫԼȴūϥӣҲһȨܡ
ǺܶɲǰôеģЩطѾʼĿڽйԱˣҲʱҪȻǹ٣ƺͰƵϰյĶһ棬Щɲǵı֣ҲȷʵˣȷʵߵĶ档
˵ξǵίǵķͬλ˵ߣίԱʵʵڵĸ쵼ˣҲܶ๱׵ģ˸λ˼رᣬ̰۸ܣĶ棬ˣ
Ҷ˵˷ͬ飬ϯ̨ϵˣЩ
Ȼ˵ͬһεϣѾ׼ʽҳίݣǾİչû͸¶ĵԱݣҲûб
Ϊһ㣬ԴҶڲ²ȴûиڹֱۣȽʽĴϣóλǰίԱΪ˵̡
ʱҶһȻǽҿ㴰ֽʱûķΧñȽ
Ҿ͵ǾƵ꣬ķ˲ȻǱȽʽĽǷԱˮƽһֵóƵģΧĻҲȻŽֵǲûע⵽гֵҶʱȴͷһת˵Ӧ˵ҵǵĵһҹǺģ˯úܺá
еʼֻ˭Ҳ²λҶǣֻʲô֮
֮²ؼƻȥͷԣǸ˳Ծ鷢ˡҶ˵ͣһ¡
Ȼ᳡˶˶䣬ȻҶǽҪĳЩ˿ŸٻҪǿˣٺȤζԣҲȽϾ׺ңȽϰԡ
Һ˾оˡҶĿڳɨһ飬˵
䡭᳡жʱһƬȻ
ʹȻǷǳصģԱεмίǣǰһ죬Ȼ˰ѳ͵ˣһ͵ش¼
Ҷͬ־֮ǰôû˵һʡί֯һɽҲһȻû뵽ҶʱƽͣȴѾǱ˰ѳ͵ˡ
һɽЩȻȴ֪ҶǷ飬ɽʡ
ίǽ󿭺гľݶһû뵽Ȼ飬˵ǷӦǺܰȫģôܾͱ˰ѳ͵أ
ίǹʿȪ͸гֳѧ˼ˣȴһǳţҪǴĻԻ˵ϣңֻҶǷ궪˳ӣ˵У˼ֲ²⡣
ٰꡣҶѹѹϵƽúܡ
᳡ƽϢֱóȻҶһҶǵĹ£¶ĺչΣ
ҿ϶ҪһʾƵ˵֪Ҷһ̯˫ֵû취˼ҲûҵͣѣҾֻҵ˾ȥ
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ôû˵¶
ίǹʿȪ͸гֳѧ˼ˣɫѿȻ¶ûаѷпɳͱ˸סˡ
һҶû͸¶ԼݣĻɳҲã־ҲãоҲãû˸ҶԴиֻҶмί⼸֣㹻æüɹҹҶҳȥ
ҪѳҵҪҳصҶܹȥ
Ӿͬ־ǺģǺ׵ظҵ˾ǾģǷ긽Ҷ˵ǻҵ˾鼴ʹǱ˾ҲûʲôôΪӾʧĳҲġ
⻰гֳѧ˼ɫˣĨڰ
ȻˣҲʱ飬ȥԷǸ֣һٲԶûţҷŵһ߶Է󡣡Ҷ˵Ҹհñݽͷʱ򣬾Ϳ˾˵һĻ
ҵĳȻڴҡУ
Ҷ˵ʱһӣɱʱ硣
Ա߶ŵʡί֯һɽҶͻһģһ
ȻǸʡĴԱǴʱҶȴҶʾƣϲе֣֮
üһһΰ֣ëСʲôİԣôҶ˵СԵƶ֪飬ǵľϵͳװ𣿣
˻һĺܶˣĿ⼯еίǹʿȪ͸гֳѧ˼ϣЩڵпڣܶ˶˵ģЩ˶ϵЩˣ֮ЩڵʿȪѧ˼˵ӣѲϵġ
ֳΪҶҶ壬֪˵ʲôã
¡¡ʱ򣬺ȻֻʱԵø
˶׷׹˭ôʶȤʱ򣬾ͷҶֻ
˼ҵֻûйءҶЦ˵¶˱ʾ˽ʱҶͻȻ˵һǹġ


513 ǿƵ˼㣡
Ű裡
֪ôģҶĲľݵԺ棬ʱðĸ
֮ǰ벻ͨΪʲô鲿ôһλʮӵǣʮɲֱǺ
ǴʱҶڻӭϵһɣʱеˣȷʵԺӶǳ⣬ԲŻôһλʮ˹ִеļί칤
ΪᣬҶη壬һĵӣֱӣܸɴز˺Ӷʡ棡
ǰľݾԼһŮԣʮͳΪִһʡǵгӦ˵ǹ̳ϵһˣڿҶɣȻѹԭԼںܶ෽棬˼ȣвġ
ֻҶΪƸΪ꣬仰ͰеҪɲǻһһ㶵ģ֪Сӵ󣬾Բܹ
һλ˭ҵӵأľݴʱ棬ʱЩ
ίǽ󿭵УҲ־ŭΪеϴһ֣Щδأ˵˿ûжţҲǲܵ顣
ֻίǹʿȪ͸гֳѧ˼ҪһӪеʱΪҶݱһ̾վ˷ǳλϣý󿭵иеŭ
һ棬ǺλǷĵطȻܱ˰ѹܲγƵĳӸ͵ˣһ棬ҲǺҶ̫ӣֻӭϣȻȻСһӵôˣҪǴ𣿣
ʵϣЩ˵УҶ΢˽һЩģҲʡί֯һɽˣʱҲǲ˵Ҷҵӵܾǹţ⻹ίǻгأͱôսҪԺ浱һ֣֪Ҫôأ
ʱһɽиȷһ飬ҶǣԾһֵĽɫ
ϯ̨ϵҲãϯ̨µҲգȻҶʢǶĺչãһ͵һƬίǺ;ֳʵȻڵҪҶίǲܶ࣬Ҳ˼ҵʵȨ
ԺĹвϣĻί칤ôܹ˳չ
ЩǣҶҶ̫ˣ躹֮â¶ֻ̫࣬Ĺٳ
˱Ͼˣ̫֪ˣ̫֪ϧǰĳɾˡ
һʮɲһмίʵְ㻹ʲôڵأ͹ͬ٣û׼ͻһõλãΪ˳һʡĿŬˣû׼ڶʮ֮ǰܹƹڵǨٶȣһٿ븱ʡء
ʲôأ㿪ʱſڿӲѣǵôˣԺô㣿
վ̫ˣ֪ǵˮˮǳ
ǰμίǵľôϵǷ˴οҶδɵĻƿС
ʱҶѾ˵绰ֱӰȻ˵Ҷڿᣬģʽ᳡˶ܹõǵ
ǣ˼еǣ̾ע⵽ҶĴǣԷһˡ
ƺ绰ҶһԤϵģŻôƵشᣬƺΪôøһЩ
ҶãǺӶʡ侯ܶܶӳ̹ҶֻźźܺãҲͲ洫ͨ˷磬ش˻᳡ÿһ˵Ķ档
ʱ˶Ĭˣг˾ǣǻֺ̿Ͳ˵ζӳ¡
ܶӳãҶҶӦôˣ
ҶǣҺ;ί칫ܷ罫һһ̹ڵ绰еҲ侯ܶӹսԱ˰ʮˣԴʾǷչץжظһ飬ʾǷչץж
ָʾչץжҶеشڷףҪܻ׽Ҫ侯սʿעⰲȫװеĴͽֱӻУ׼ģɱɱɲɱģɱ
ǣҲִУʡ侯ܶܶӳ̹ڵ绰ݴ
ţ˾Էĵ绰д侯սʿܲţ绰͹Ҷˡ
ʱ᳡ʱըһ㣬ҲƲס໥뷨
ϯ̨ϾڶೣίǣҲĿɿڴмʡί֯һɽҲĨһ亹ȫû󵽣ҶȻôһֱֶӾͰѻӭᵱʾᡣ
Ӷʡ侯ܶܶӳ̹ĹϵͨҲܺȷؿ϶Ҷͨˣǳ̹ﱾˣ˵绰гֵһλȻǾί칫Ľ͸ˡ
̹ʲôˣʡ侯ܶܶӳʡίί֮һ˵ί칫ĽȻҲԷ˭ǽٽҲǾؽ˾ίŵġ
侯ܶӵ񣬵ط첻ȥʡίǺʡҲõöǣһЩ£ҲҪί׼ſԡ
ڣٽֻҶʾôľʲô״
ܶ˵ӣһ̣ѾеҶˡ
𾪵ģĪҶǾ仰ˣɱɲɱģɱ
ôɱڵһλ׶ļί֮ڣȷʵĵġ
ʲôļܹͥô˲Ű
һΰ֣ëСʲôİԣŶҶʱͲϯ̨λѿɫֱ˵ЩУǸ֪˳Ͽڣܳˣ
ˣЦֲЦ÷ǳܡ
ȻԴǵĶʽǻкܴгģ߶Ϊһˣ˵ԳԴ߼Ӱ࣬˵ʻľΪһΣȫõطϣĺϵ˵Ŀζڡ
û뵽ҶǲŲ죬֪ˣ˰
ҶǹҲû׼ʲôһϳͷ͵͸ϰյļˣҶĻ
Ļ˵֮һĬȻ֪ȿʼ
ţбҵ˷һһ
ʵϣĺܶɲǣҲִĵºڰʹЩ˵ĴڣͨϰչвҲǵİȫ˲ȷء
Ҷһȭ侯ܶӵҪЩºڰһܣȷʵ֮١
ʱ֮гٲֱ֮⣬󲿷ֶڿĳ֣ϣҶǿƺɨ֮£ܹеΰһ¡
Ҷͬ־ôǲԵģͻȻ᳡ϴһǳŭ
һ㶣˵˼Ҷʾôǿ׳ļˣô˸ͦأ·ͷ
ǿ˵֮˵϶ʱ˸ӵ飬ӣкϷˣָҶģǱˣϯϯ̨ϵίίίǹʿȪ


514 ץ
ʿȪͷָҶҲ֮١
û취ĻҲԸҶϣϾôɲ鲿ƷɲԵģһ
Ҫ˵ʡ侯ܶܶӳ̹;ί칫ĽҪҶʾ㱨һҶı㹻˵
Ҳѡˣʡί֯һɽһֵģ϶֣ίǽ󿭲˳棬һ棬ͰøӸˣƺίڰӺڶһ㡣
гľҲǰ࣬δȣ϶ΪЩƨͷģɨ˺ڶкôɨ˵ĻҲûʧҪΪǰµĺͿ˸Ρ
о־ֳѧ˼ȻǸгϱȥˣȻҲҸίίίǹа塣
ʿȪͲͬˣֹܵľǹ졢˾һҲǹܵģҪҶⷢӵĻǿɾͳɥʧ˶־ԺҶͷ̧ˡ
˵ʲôίίҲǿֵ֮ģҶίӲӲҪѹίһͷ˼һʵʵɲ
µģҶȻ侯ܶǧ˵侯սʿг
Դ¼֮ھȨĹϸˣϵĵҪͨίģοǧ˵Ķ飬һװ첿ӣ
ǹʿȪٳٶۣҲ֪ԼѾһСӦпܵ̽䣬ʱž޴ѹҲҪͼĻ֮У˺һȱڡ
ץסģҲֻôһȱڣ
ҶǣôǲԵģʿȪӵ۾˵ϵͳ참Ȼһ֮ЧľȻǶԷɵļ̤Ƕϵͳķ񶨣Ҷô㣬ˣ
öװȨⱾǹٳɡ
ǿװǹֻ֮ҪʱŻᶯãһ¶ҪȥϾ˼ɺܶ࣬ʡίҲԸȥĻǾͲǷιˡ
ʿȪҲץסһ㣬Ҫⷽ£Ҷˮ޷ϴۼ
ϻϹʿȪҶһģֱǵίܾ޶¸䵱˵ıɡеΰܱô𣿣ǲ֪ܷӣҪ£
㺬ѪˣʿȪûĴû
ӻɾһ·쵽˽죬ĸɲô׵ģ
˵ƴɱһߵõĽ½״ʲôģһ𣬶Կ¼չˡ
ʱȻҶȻΪܷӣȷʵùʿȪؿڷƣ۷ڡ
ʲôطϾȫиɲˣ
ʽ֮УμίҶίǸΪܷӣȷʵʷһ󴴾٣ǰ޹˵ǿɣ
Ҷǣôʵ̫ˣίǽ޷ˡ
ôĸɲǰɼίǸίǹ໥ȷʵܲͳҪǴ˳ȥĻغѾˡ
Ҳ쵼ԺôһӡеİѾõˡ
ԣҲվֹ鷢
Ҷͬ־гȷʵϵͳ飬յǣʲô˽⣬͸飬Ӱͬ־֮ĸ飬ƻŽᣬĲصĺֿܵĺ㵣𣿣ίǽ˵
Ȼ˵гҲĲôˡҶϽ󿭣ҲǺܿΪλǾǹʿȪϼңȻ˵ϵδؾͺܽǿ϶Ѳ˸ϵصĺҲеıѣ
Ҷ˼ǺԵģ򲻻ңϰջűף
ãʱ˵ԼҲȻʡ侯ܶܶӳ̹;ί칫ĽִУⱳ϶ǵõ˸߲׼ģҲͶ̸ܶˣץסһ㣬ȫиɲǰ˵ʿȪͬ־Ǹܷӣǲ̫ˣûƾʵݣӦʿȪͬ־Ǹ飡ΪίǣһһжӦǾ濼ǵģԲܹſڿӣ
ίǽ󿭵˼Ҳܼ򵥣ж϶ǵסģ̫ˣίܹסģȵýίǹʿȪĻίǵӣɾͱˡ
ס˹ʿȪ͵ڱס󿭵ӣ˵ϵͳǿסģҲܹҶ棬ѹȥһЩ
ίְܣһѧģɲΥͺְǵļ鷶Χ֮Сֻ˵ЩڶŻǵ𣬻϶֮У꣬ǹʿȪͬ־ίǵ꣡㿴Щʲôɼİ𣿣Ҷڽ󿭵˼ú̹Ȼ˵ΪְҲͰˣɺ޵䵱ڶıɡ⼸ڶŻΪɱ˼˱ɾץ鰸ǺַųȥˣΪλ˺ôУǸУãҪ֤֤ɽ
˵ţҶеĶһݾڣġ
Ҷڽһ࣬Ѷ˹ȥУҪ˾òףʾݸʡί֯һɽȿ
Ҿȿһɽһʹ˾ڡ
ֻĶȷʵ٣ϣҲƬȻͬҶ˵ģ֤ɽ
ֻǷһӣ̾Ͱһɽһ
мίרż㣬ɷдһζʾصںϡ
ԶУһɽ;ûһ£мίԶеױʾ
û뵽ǵ;룬ѹҶ޿֣ԭҲģƫƫǸʲô͵Ҷĳӣ̾Ҷҵͻƿڣһٷ쭣ɨҶǣɨǵĺڶ
ûĻҶҲܲ飬пܲôߵôţҲҪίһЩġ
ڣǼȻ˼Ҷͷϣ˼ȻûҪˡ
Զ˭εмίǣһߴгί֮һȫͼɲĴBOSSĴ
ױʾж󣬲Զ
ǣһξȻоϣ϶ǵõһ׳ͬ־ͬġ
û뵽ǵһС죬Ȼǵø߲λͷ֣Ҳˡ
һɽҲԥˣ˵ҴʡίȥʿȪͬ־ίְȥѧ˼ͬ־ְ񣬽ְͣʱмίһʡίرš
˻һ֮˶ˣû뵽һɽȻľ
ȻʡίίҪʡίţҲҪʾģôľٶֻ˵һ⣬Ȼˡ
ˣſ˵
ʿȪѧ˼ȴסˣ̱ϣʧȥǡ
ߡҶһ֣ʿȪѧ˼ȥˡ


515 Ҷǽɲ
Ÿոջϯ̨ϵĹʿȪѧ˼֮󣬻᳡ʱͼž
ίǽ󿭶ʱĬˣȻʡί֯һɽϱ̬ˣֻ˵ȷʵͬҶԣ֤ɽ
ˣи߲⣬һɽôϱ̬
ܹʡίίôı̬ǿ϶쵼ˡ
ͨһ㣬󿭾֪ʿȪѾûˣģθҶ޸ϵȡǣ鵱ȥ
Ҳһ㣬ôһ֮ԼίǵȨҲɨòˣǻӶѣ˵һҪλ
ȻˣҲûʲô֮ġ
һԼߵŮгľݣֿ˿׶мίҶ󿭺ȻˣԼһˣô̰Ȩλëô󻹲Ҫɳ̲ϰ
ڣ˼˵ʱˡ
ųеʡί֯һɽҲЩп˵ҿҲöˣŻȥʡί쵼ǻ㱨
гô״ڵһʱڸϻȥʡίӢͬ־ʡɽͬ־㱨һӦδ
Ȼ˵е⣬ǱϾʡǣǣȽϹ㣬ҪһЩ
Ⱥȼߡ󿭻û˵ҶȿˣжҲǰСʱңѾȥһʱ䣬ͣһᵢģʡίǱ߶ҲҪǸṩһݶȽĲϣίȥ
ǾͣһɡһɽˣͰ
Ҷ˵Ŀʹ裬ʵһ˵ҪһɽȴһӣסЩɲǣҪ˵ҶҲʡϢඳȥӰ쵽ץж
Ȼû¶ôҾһѧϰһ£º׼ʲôģƴҶѾù죬Ҿͽһ붽ļҪɣЩûʽ뵳Աɲѧϰ̲ĵУǣоʾõġҶΪǻһͿʼ˿ӵ˵Ǽίԭ򣬾ǳǰѺβˣǳθܵĿģҪٿԴҪһɲ

ҶؽаСʱһɽûвʱţҲ񣬾ĳЩµˣҲҶ˵
Ҷһش󰸼漰߲ţľû뵽ֵĴ˵͵ˣҶŪǻ벻ĸԡ
Ī죬ֱر׽ڼලĿѣҶδ˵ίøɣίᣬҿ˶ҪԶԶߡ˵ʵԼҲԸҵĳǸ㾭ý衣֯ҰλϣҾҪְ𡣡
гľˣЩ̵ְأεĻӭᶼû꣬ץίǺ;ֳƿڣҲûôǿƵļίǰɣ
Ҳܺ棬֪Ҷݸ󿭺һɽǷݾ棬ʲôһɽ֮̾ͱ̬ȣʡί˹ʿȪѧ˼ĵְ񣬽ɼί
ݲϣ϶Ƿأ򲻻һɽôױ̬
϶е˵ģΪûǷϡ
ţôлʱҲˣǵͬ־ǵĲٱʱ䡣Ҷ˵ǣô׼ȷҲǺбҪġ͵ɣ㿴ʲôҪǿģ
󿭴ʱɫѾָ糣ԼĲл㲻ҲûиʿȪʲôǮϵľӦûд󰭣쵼ΰˣҲƽʱҶ͵˵ͷһȥ֮ҪúҶǵĽɢᡣ
˵ɢ֮󣬽󿭺ȻԼеʧˣʡί֯һɽڳôҲӦһ
תһ룬Լǰ;ҲûжıͷˣһҲ㲻ʲôǸղһɽʿȪѧ˼ְʱ򣬸ûиԼ˵һ仰ǷݾҲˣý󿭸екܲ
˳һҾʮ塣
ƺǶˣʱһɽ˼Ҳ棬һ˼ҪϻȥʡίҪ쵼㱨УϾǳô飬Ҷôһֶе˶𾪵޻˵Ҫóһ³еġ
Ϊ飬һɽûע⵽ڡ
ֹؼʱСʲôĶҪˡ
ǽ󿭵һɢᡱ֮󣬻оը˷һ˵һһɢȫûյС
ҴĿܵĸɲǣЩƽʱŵĸɲǣʱҪͶĸ׵Ļһȿֺӵȥе˱ȵЬӣ·ҲϧֻҪ촳ȥ
ϯ̨ϵЩ˼ˣ޲Ŀ࣬Ϊ֮Ȼѡ
ƽʱĹأ̨ϵ쵼ǲʱ򣬵ǲҵġ
ǽ죬ʲôضûˣҶ̨ϹȻ侯ܶӵ˽дгֳͰΪͬŵίǺ͸гֳץߣѾǳϵˣʱټǰΣ治ʲôϡ¶ˡ
˾Ӹ£ʱͿúܶ˶ڵһʱ棬ͳԼֻ֪Ҫʲô˴绰ּеı飬Ŀ
ɣҶȻӦҡҶޱĵ˵Ҫͨ籨ŵĻҲˡ
վĳٶȣСʱսȵģҶһҲǱ߶ʲô״ΨһҪעģһεսܹץ׶սǷսʿ˶״
Ҷ⻰Ͳˣеĸɲ飬ǺõġԱ߶һλίЩõضҶ˵
Ǻõ𣿡ҶЦЦǺǣҲϣôһĻҵĹˣеʱԸΥɡ
߳ȥ֮󣬾ͼͳֻźţȴֻһġιιȴûз˳ɹؽͨ
ʵôˣԺղֻźŵġҶ˾Ц
ΪʲôгľˣЩֵʵ
Ϊطʹ˾רõֻźԴҵֻʧȥáҶ͵㿴ЩææҪ绰ˣԶͨ籨ŵģǽӵ磬ҪҸطӵ绰ġ
Ȼġľ֮ҲЩû뵽Ҷֶһһ˶Ūڹ֮УãȻ֪
ίԺ֮ӦþͿյźˡҶ˵Ȼˣʹù̶绰Ͳˡ
̶绰û취𣿡ľЩʵ
Ȼ󷽱Σǿ׷٣ʲôڽϵҶش
˵УҶ֮ĵһ¶棬Ūúҡ


516 ҿǹģ
Ҷ߶гľ˵Ա߶Ƕģ̾ˡ
ȻͿܶίԺɱȥָоͺǵһ
Ҷ֮󣬾üͷгľ˵ľгǵļί칤Ĳ
ԲţЩ˼ææܳȥΪ˹飬ͨ籨Ųġ
ҶҲȥЩϸ֦ĩϵˣν̲ɲҲˣطϵһЩ֮䣬ٵػһЩϵһЩݹϵڻ˰СʱѾ㹻ˡ
ʱǷſֽţȥ磬ѷɢȥҲ
ǣľгλͬ־һض֮Ҷʡ侯ܶӳ̹ܶӳоί칫Σܷ罫ѾʼͳսˣǻӦȥοһΪãе̨ҲרŵţҲô棬壬ȫȺڹ趷־е룬Ҳίһ̡Ĺ̡
ίǽأȻҶôһ˵֮󣬶ʱӦˡ
ȻҶڲûмսĴ㣬ȫиɲǰһίǹʿȪ͸гֳѧ˼֮ѾȽˣһȫзΧڴץڶʵʵ˭Ҳߡ
̶ȣҶǿƽеĿģѾﵽˣûбҪȥǱˣû֮ǰûбҪȥǱˡ
ԣҶҲ⽫ίһ
Ҷͬ־Ľܺã̾˻Ӧͷгľ˵ľг㿴òã侯ܶӵսʿǿ϶ˣץҲ׳ǲǿԲһʿΪοʣͬʱԴҽԺһֹǸǰ֧Ԯ
ľˣҲܲҶ֮ĻȻλǳμ棬ҼĹл˼飬ʱҶȻܹҵ˫ϵкϵ㣬Խ֦еޱȾȡ
ȻֻҪǻ쵽λϣ;ûʲôӹˡ
ǺҶǵָʾܼʱ߶̰ȷսʿûк֮ǣץӿֳȽ¼е̨ҲԿصһ¡гľݱʾȫͬԼĽ顣
Ա߶ίҲֵ̨Ǳ߶ɡ
ܺð󿭵ľʱһһٰʮȵĴת䣬ȵرʾȻˣҾͶжɣܹʲôҪš
ôһ̬һڳίǣигǣͶ׷жԼĹֹʼйͨϵ
Ҷͬ־ȥͳܶӳǻϣʵ
õġҶ˵ͷ
ίԺ߶жʮ͹һȺ쵼ǣֱʡ侯ܶӴԺǱ߶
ܳұ˿۾ˣͬʱĳҲŭڵ
ʵϣܹɺڵϵİԣҲãëӺͽ˿۾ˣֻȭͷˣǲıҴƴҸ׵ҲĻǿһ֣˵İԣʮԣҲͱ˸ƽˡ
⼸չĺܿ죬ҪӶʮ֮⣬ΧСǵ£ǵУǿһ
İеλ¼Ҳٶ˶ѣĶ֣Щ˱ѹ˵̶ǵΪΧ
õϢ˵ǰϣ˿۾Ͱëϻ
ϢñףֱҪȥҽ˿۾ͰëˣһԾͰµĹǸɶ˻ᣬ˹Ǹɶʮ֮⣬ʮصĿ꣬һʮҵıλ𲢽˿۾Ͱë
ܶ˿ԺͣŵԽҰ֮󣬾еȵ˵ֻ³˰
̾˳ܲεĳưţƴˣܲεĳƶܸ㵽Ҳ֪ļٵģ
ȥǼٵǳ˵
Щ˵У͵٣ֱ泵αҲ˵ǻ۽𾦣Ȼó⳵ġ
⻰̾ˣʲôܲεĳƣ
Ŷ㿴ƣȻƽľƲһУܲרϵ˶͵ȻƵҲܲ˵ϻִ
ֱܳ˿۾ˣЩھˣɵҲ֪Ծ³ʲô⳵ˣпǾĴ
˵طԱǺҪϾطϵĹϵ̸ڣܹҵλãʹǧķӣ˶ԷǾͲͬˣǵһַǿǹֱӾͶˡ
ֲϣ˿۾ǶԵĺ˿ȤΪǿһ㣬֪õ֣͵ҲˣԲø
ֻһʾûи֤˼׼ſˡ
ⶫ̫ˣøϽ˵Ҳеˡ
Ϊڴ쭳ܶ˶֪ϣƽʱŹˣʱȴ̫Ҳʲô¶
磬ӱ߶һӲ¶
˵ͷлеǣָ˵ھͰѳߣӵʲôطȥɡ
ǡҲͦ˵ģܹһ³ͷҲͦġ
ӿȥ֮󲻾ãټǸǿʼᡣ
ֵǣҵˣ˵ô죿վһϺ
ܳ˭ĵô󣿣
ֵǲټһ
˭ûûӣԶûӣ
µһ£Һģһߵӡ
˿۾ëӣ˵졭
Ļû˵꣬ԺӽͷһĶڵϹعš
ţ˿֮һ㶣֪ʲô
ǺܿʹЩͷһĶУð˹Ũ˲ͳԺӡ
ᵯȿȣôֶ
϶ӰΧǣ
ֵǣټһȥ
Һܣյ߶ûгͱһƤӵ˻
ƤӵȻɱǴҪҪвеϰӴعڵʹ
ӵ˫ֱͷ£ߣ
ǹɱɱۣ
ţ˳ǹ
ˣ磬ӣʡ侯ܶӵˣ߶һλͻˣǵģһ֪ʡ侯ܶӵսˣȾеˡ
Ͷɣ侯ܶӵˣ㻹ҪȥʱҲˡ
ǹȻܹưǵĵºڵҲǺ¶֮ȷʵܹѵ侯ܶսʿᲢ۵ģֱӳͻֻ·һЩ˿ҿǹģ


517 
Ӷʡ侯ܶӳ̹ܶӳ;ί칫ܷ罫ʱʡ侯ܶܶӳϵؽӵͻı棬㱨ж½չ
չԸжܽˡܷ罫ЦŶԳ̹ܶӳ˵
ί쵼Ƕ죬ҪǸˣǿûվˡ̹ܶӳЦǺǵػش
Ȼ˵˵ľζٽǸƣҲñȽϡ
Ϊһʡ侯ܶӵܶӳ̹ƾԱȽǿһЩںӶʡ侯ܶڲ϶˵㣬Ƚ̹һûʲô飬û˹
ܷƾǽˮ¥̨ȵ£λúܺãӪõĻ׻ǨεȽϿһЩǱ׶Ҳԣھӽ£ٽļʵеˣίԺ棬ϽһأʲôнٽˣУֻȰ¶ġ
˵ˣܷı׶˾ǲɣ˹Ƚ϶ࡣ
Ӷʡ侯ܶӵĶ黹Ǻսģһӹɡܷͷ
Ǿί쵼ָӵõȻܷôӣ̹Ҳ๧ά䣬ǻ̧ˣҶкô
һǾίֱ񣬰úˣھί쵼Ǳ߶ǿԻӡӷֵģֺ¶ںƽʱڿǲģʷᣬûʲôգʵһݹֶΪ
˵ҪлҶλεļίǣû¶Ļû¶ˡ
λһͨѶԱϵؽս㱨ϴĽݱ鶼Ǵá
棡˺
̹Ӧ
׳һУ٣˷ֱ֮󣬾ͻ㱨׳ί쵼棬˺ܶˡ
ţ̹ˣеɻ˵Щ˸ˣѵ鷳ˣ
һεж˿ûик˵̹ʡίίλҪί˸ߣôĻҲе˼ģϾÿӵӵжȽλôһҲû侯ܶӵġ
ȥ¡ܷ絹ǲţ侯ж
Ǿί칫ΣȻطûʲôϵҲ˻ʲô
̹˵оίܷ綥ǰͷԼϵѹ࣬Ҳֵý¶ժɾˣͷӦ
λʹ룬翸ǣͷգ˳ȥ
һеԾˣԭ治鷳ģοʵġ
󿨳οʣŲʳǰͷһ߳棬װһģΧŴţԱ߶ʮ࣬죬ƮƮʮֳ档
Ȼ֮ɫĳ̹ܷ磬Ϳίһ쵼ǣֻίǽ󿭺гľΪףίʮˣҶҲУλ൱ǰ͸ίǽ󿭺гľݵ
ϾҶĸɲ˭ҲҰں棬ίлسǰͷΪҶʵ̫ˣ˽ѵ飬ǵһӸɲУ޷ĥӡ
󿭻ͷҶһۣ˵Ҳ֪ʲô˼
ȻҶĸؼгˣŪίǣǸ䣬ȴ˲öԸ
ίǶԱȽϸߵĲţƽʱôίǵʣʱҶôһ⣬Ҫû߶ûضˡ
һ뵽⣬͸еЩͷʹڱϾίǣȻ˵ҶǸһ̨£ί֯οʻҲͬ⽫һ㵽ίͷϣǲôţ涼÷ǳŤ
Ҷôȫ͸СһһƸ棬ﰡ
ܶӳ󿭿˳̹Զʹк
Ȼ˵̹ļҪһЩΪط٣ҲһЩƣʡ侯ܶӵЩǵ棬ܶ඼Ҫίæģʡ侯ܶӸߵĹϵҲͦģİˡ
ôˣľгλǺǡ̹Цӭһ߶֣һ߶Ա߶ܷܸǣλǾί칫ܷ縱Σ⼸λǵĸĸ٣Ǻǡ
˵ܷľζǲҪˣֻϵһŽǣҲ֪λǽˣ̹ܶӳͬһ𣬶ٽ
ãһ·ˡ󿭸л
̹ܷже죬֪ίЩ˵⣬Ȼ˵οʵģôһʱοʣȷʵе˲²͸е˼
Ҷʱһ߶˵ʡ侯ܶھίָ£ЩеĸɲǷмⷢȺοսʿǣĿ涼οƷԶǿͣ¶ܶӳ˰ɡ
̹ˣô¶Ҷݺţ¾ЦŶܷ˵طϵͬ־ǣ̫ˣпǶ˫ӵģУˮš
ȻֶԽ󿭺ľ˵Ȼͬ־һ⣬Ҳȴ֮ˣսʿллλͬ־һ⡣
ܷҲǰɵöҶ൱˵ҶСӲ֪ôģֲҶͬ־ôôһ飬˽ͬ־Լ󣬴ʱҶȷʵй֮
ʮͣһУͽˣֲһӣҪȫ𶯣ҪĿ⼯еشвˡ
ܷҲЩ֣֪ҶҾôģ
ôһλӵܣӦ躹޲ŶԣȵԴһЩӶתԻȡʱգȫ֮һٵǶǲɹı㣬ʱҶ˸ߵس֣ʵеˡ
˵ܷҶҵĵ˵ĻǾԲġ
ȻˣֻܷԼ뷨һ뵽ҶҵЩţǣʱ;һʲô⣬ҶλίԱһλгίӴݣô벻飿
ǿôһеģԼ͸ֻΪ̫˶ѡ
˵֮䣬Ϳ˽侯ܶӵսʿھٵĴ£ʼŴӳжһҪ侯ϲЩƷ⻹һЩ̳ĻʳйͷˮҲУһЩ͸侯ܶ׳ǵİ칫Ʒ
̹￴֮аЦ˵һûа׳侯ܶʡϰķã߶ûٳѪ˫ӵģУܲ
һҲô侯ܶӰط񣬵ط϶侯ܶӵӵȷǺܺõ걨زġ
û뵽ҶȻôõճɣԭȳ̹滹һС񣬾ҶþίͷѹԼһֻĻŭˡ
ί쵼ǣʡ侯ܶӵ쵼һ߽˰칫棬˸ɹˮ֮ĶЦȻһɾгľ
һҲô侯ܶӰط񣬵ط϶侯ܶӵӵȷǺܺõ걨زġ
û뵽ҶȻôõճɣԭȳ̹滹һС񣬾ҶþίͷѹԼһֻĻŭˡ
ί쵼ǣʡ侯ܶӵ쵼һ߽˰칫棬˸ɹˮ֮ĶЦȻһɾгľ


518 
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ʡۺһԻͳɹ
һɹʡίȷ쵼ʡ侯ܶӵĴԮίļִС
ϵУׯŮȻ¼ϢʱиײȺڡ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˾յ˷˵ʡ侯ܶӳ˴ʿ֪ʲô
µϢ˵ίûҿӭμίǵĻӭᣬμίڻϷ쭣ֱӾͰίǺ;ֳץˡ
ٺϢ͸Ӿˣ˵ʡ侯ܶӳǧ˵Ķ飬ͬʱ̾Ƕ꣬ΣӰ켫ΪӵȷŻץ׶󲿷ֶֻиСආ©
ԭЩϢ֮󣬻ЩɣΪõĻЩ˵кܶ಻ϳĶ
ȣίǸίͬԱôһ˾ͰһץˣҪץҲԣҲʡίпܰ
Σʡ侯ܶӾҲԲС¶ܳǧ˵侯սʿϽ飬Ҫ֪һжӶҪϼϸ׼еġ
ٴΣ˶⣬Ҷ֪ǵҲ֪ĬЩ·ŻĴڣôôͻȻͶץأһ¡
ôһϲõˣۺϢϸо֮󣬾͵óһǵ·ŻĸǸλμίǷֲġ
ǲô˵ϳ˱ʿѺžʱǵϰǻǷˡ
ȻͬҶ˵ʲô¶ûзֻбڵˡ
еıڿ涼һգϣиˡžıЩطȼ̻϶ĳУװѤöʡ
ߣǵĸɲȲһʮĺӣĸһУλ˲ıɫӡ
ǣλίȻ׶ֶȷʵεһ죬ڻӭϾеίǹʿȪ;ֳѧ˼Ƕʡ侯ܶһǿӪǧˣɨǵĵ·Żһλվ˵ߣ˵ַһת㵽ίͷϣһȺȥʡ侯ܶοʣֱ֮һΪ
񲻵ڲǣϲš˻عͷ˵λμίǵĸײԺί棬Ҫ£ģͶҶҵӪˡ
ҶңѵǾҶңЩʵ
ǸҶң˭бþίʡ侯ܶӵж˷ʵ
֮˵һο˺ûᰡܹҶôԼ;չȷʵкܴĺô
ȻǺӶǰǣӰȻڣȴѾǰˣԼϵ˸֮߾ͺˣԱѰµ֧ŵ㣬ܹҶҵߣǿɾʹͨϲĿռ䣬ǰ;޹
Ҫ֪ҶѾһгίίԱҶҵϵڲͬʱгίкüίԱ֮˿ɼͶӪ֮УֻҪԼʵϣ϶õӵġ
˴ʱ뵽ֿܣɵɷ޵㽡
ҪͶҶңҲҪһȽϺõҶﳬֵŻӡǼԼǰ˼ףѩ̿ŸɹȻ֪ҶĸףҪ֪ӦôŻõӣҾͲ˵ˡֻҶҵȽӲأһҲҪϸɣĻҲõǵɡ
Ƿģⷽǿסġ񹧾ػش
ʵϣ־̳ߴһɼǮɫúܺãȻҲ̾Ʋ跹֮ģǶһȽϿأҲȽϹķչ͸¶ҶĸףҲϣԼǰܹסһ
УӶʡҪΪҶĵӿˡ͸Զڰе̻Щп˵
ǲе߿ˣҶȻЩǸԤڵȣӦûкܴģϾֻʮ꣬ٳЩ־ͿԸģЩֻʱлġ
Цſ˿񣬶˵Ǻǣͬ־ͳͬ־Ͽͣͬ־ǽŮΪҶֻһٲµˣıźܶܣ϶֪ٽݰɣ
ôܣˣʱһôҲţǵĻȻġ
ִֶͬĻĺ顣
ѵڹڣٽļѾͬײһ
ҶȨ죬ҲѰ쵽ɣϾ߲ϵҶһ֧
Բ飬ôҶʵѰζˡ
ĳ֮ڣͷԶĬȻ
֮󣬹ϲŶԳ̾Сӻǲͣ飬Ҳʼδ
ѹ㣬СӻﶪѶԸġһĿ࣬ȻҲк̹ܲ
ϳ¼ҸҶ֮ĹڣǳѪ֮⣬Ҳ޷ϴģҶԹޣҲǺ޲ʳƤҷϰݡ
ֻ̾ʱ䲻ʮ֮˾ţҶҶǽڽڸԽ⣬ϳ¼ȴջƻû˺ˡ
ÿÿ뵽Щ飬ͺ޵ôض㣬ҲϺҪԭ
ȻҶ֮䲢ûֱӵĵжԹϵΪ׼Ů飬ʵѾҶңֽҶŪȥӵĺӶʡУδҲûдҪҶͷö˼
ֻû뵽ԸΥһ©ȴҶˮѹͷҫ۶Ŀķһٵ̾Ƕĵ·Żһվ˽Ÿ
ϣֲܹϵȻ˵
ʵϣһεʧһЩ
ܹҶŵȥΪԶҶγɳ⣬˭Ҳû뵽ҶôײУһǾ͸ɱӺ֮£˶ΪС
Сôȷˣȫһֲ˵ȡµֶΣҵǾͲϣˡ
ȻܹʡҶʩѹҶҲǺǵģҪ̫ˣ浱Ҷû
¶Ѱ졣ϳתһ˰֪˼Ƿã
òãҲֻԿˡ˵
ԶǵҶͻȻ˸磬в죬ѵ˭߶Լ


519 ֶͣҵְ
ҲҶŰ̬ȣе쵼ʲôӡ󣬵ǵʡ侯ܶӵսʿѺű廨ĵ·Żӻ֮󣬾͸Ǽ𺳡
һγ·Żӹˣֳ˶ʮѺ˻һʱʡ侯ܶӾȻΪֻڳƽҽЩ˸Ѻ
˸еĿĵģǴǵѵѳĸǹ֧ԶǹԶǹԼɢǹʽٶ֧ʽһöƸ͹Ƶߵȹ߰ѡ
Щѻһʱȷʵίǽ󿭺гľݵĿ࣬к¡
ʱеĵ·ŻѾӴĹģˣ
Ȼ˵ǴڵºڵҲΪЩǿʵѣ޷ǾһЩƦåǻവĽԭίǹʿȪҲ˵ⷽ飬ֻǸҪһЩֶһЩϢļأЩ˵ĴǺġ
ǽҲ󲻵е·ŻѾγӴĹģúŻݣҲΪڹڸʱڶǷǳġ
Щ˿ܻйɵذȫв֮󣬽ھԼȥⷽķݣȷʵе뵱ȻˣҶҷЩվصĿ
ôһ󿭶Ҷ飬һͬУȻ˵ֶ˵òǴЧǲģڼ֮ڣӦÿԽȶķչ׶ˡ
ȻˣϵͳҲģҪһѳнøá
һεץУƻе·Żʮˣ϶Ǳ侯ܶӷսʿûʲô飬ֻм΢ˣһλץ˵ʱ򣬱Էҧ˵ģͱȽϱˣҪȥȮ磬סԺ۲һӡ
ҽԺɹľȻҲóеǸսʿˣеǸ·Żƺȥ˻᳡ʱڱ棬ȵȷ֮д
ʡ侯ܶܶӳ̹ͶԴұʾ˵һҲһ֮ҲܽһЩʵսе⣬һƵжЧʾܹһЩˡ
ڵսʿǣǲࡣί칫ܷ罫ҲʾǹҺƽ̫ˣҲһЩԣǾӰ˼ΣƽʱѵȻٲ˵ģҸƵҪҲҪһЩĽ侯ܶӶ齨췴ӣҲΪӦƵҪ
ϧǵļ𲻹Ե롣¶̹ܶӳͲɵЩп
ʡ侯ܶҲһάԵĲţȻҲмʦıӦöǶ߲ӣܹ侯ܶӵЩƲᲢ۵ġ
⼸꣬ƲǷǳֹۣѿ֧ȻһߣǾ뽨ִǿ󣬻кܴĲࡣ
ҾһںձͶȽϸߣ½֮٣ǽսЩϵδһζʱڣõЧŤתҶڴ»ǱȽģΪǲ˺滮ƶҪ֮һҪ˵һ֧ӣһҺĸʮҺǱͧ
ίһЩսԹ룬үҲǾҶֵ̽ģ֪֮
ҶǶھҲ˽Ⱑʡ侯ܶӳ̹ܶӳЩʵ
ԴӾôһ֮ǲСҶġ
Ҳ̸Ϻ˽⣬ϾоˣƽʱҲעһЩⷽϢҶǺܵ͵رʾ
ֹǾ˰һί׳һıܳһ˾˾˶һ߶ܷ粻ɵƲƲ죬˵Ҷװ
ίҲæµģеĸ̸еȥٱǷοƷеҪؽӴһЩʱѺķˣȴ֪Ǵʲôͼ
Ҷһ֮󣬾´ҽ飬Щ˳׸룬κ̽ӣҲκ侯ܶӴϢҪԷϸ¼ͬʱҪԷ֮Ĺϵ
ʡ侯ܶ߶Ȼνģٲֵ쵼ǣµĻٱǻ϶صıڱزûʲôϵ¶ǺܺʵģǽЩͽ첿ŵĻ鷳ʹˡ
Ͼػطϵϵ̫УѵֵڸջԾϵͳг޼ĿҲǷǳߵģܶసӶΪڲ©Ϣ¹ܴɣɸɾжġ
ҶһҪԣԲѡ˽Ѻʡ侯ܶ
ʡίίϵĸɲǣҪʡ侯ܶӴʲôϢĻ졣
Ų˽Ϣ֮ʡ侯ܶ߶Ҳı
İܷ罫Щдض˵
ǵĹлǴһЩ©ڷչõͬʱһЩ飬ѵǷǳ̵ġгľݸͬܵؽ˵
ΪŮгЩ·ŻǷĵģڿ˽صĸ֮󣬸ǾЩţľкʵķŻ̾棬ΪгȻһ֪еǳ顣
ľҲϣίܹǿϵͳĹһ֧κϸ񣬱飬ܹάеΰͬʱҲϣܹದһЩʽЩĿϡ
Ļ˵Ǹĸ￪ŵĳɹӦеÿ˶ܵĻĸǲɹġ
ľݵĻҲ˵ͷȴЩΣΪԼԭ򣬵Щ·Ż󣬿˵ЩʵҲǶ깤һּ
Ȼ˵еľ÷չڽ˺ԵĸƣΰȷʵһЩ⣬Ⱥ˸Ӱ졣
ҶһԹۣҲ۲ί֮УʲôǿԽģʲôҪ̷ģΪԼԭԶЩĸӦرǿһЩܿһЩĵá
ȻˣҪȷĻҪĹ۲죬ϾһӡȻҪȴҲȫôĻҲе̫ˡ
Ҷǣĵ绰Ȼίһλͬ־ŵ绰ҵҶ
ллҶл֮󣬾˵绰ιҶ
Ҷͬ־ôԷǳƣδʡί׼ôͿ԰ίǹʿȪͬ־;ֳѧ˼ͬ־ץˣôǲϹصģǶʡίĲأ
˭Ҷˣܲ˵طʵ
˭Էʱ˭㶼֪ǵʲôίǣҾʡίˣ
ԭǰô죿Ҷʵмί´ģֻ£飬Ѿ岻ˡ
ҲܣĽǶ˵ʡίһڵ绰˵
ðɣǵָʾǳʱҶƽľػشһȥʡίһ˶ط˵¡


520 
㡭ˣеܲˣҶȻشú̬ܿҲƽͣ˵ĻͲôˣֱȥطǻ㱨Ǹ˼˵ƹˣǾͺܲ˵˵㣬Ŀ쵼
ʡίвʮˣҲʸļͼɲֻû˵ģû뵽ںӶʡȻҶôʶȤĸɲȻĴڣȻû˵ʲôĻǺȻذƹȥˣȻëͷСӲ
ԼҲ֪Ҷȷʵе⣬˵һЩҶϣҲġ
ԼҲһѣҶȴҲʵʵȻʡίģȴֻǸǣһЩвǶҶùֵмίǣҲʾһҷʲôƢ̫֣õİ취ȻȥʡίطǰȥҶ״Ҷطӡ֡
ôһĻεоͽĵˡ
طһ٣Լȥʰ¼ĸɲҪǰ˵ëб°Ǹʡί
ҪطôһĻ˵ǰ;Щ޹ˣ˵ߵһ߶ȥֻ˵˼ҴǰʲôеҪˡ
ίҪëģëҲôģһ㶼Ǿϼ쵼֮󣬲Żȥزĳɲ⣬Ҫëû׼쵼ëˡ
︱ǣʲôָʾûָʾҾ͹ˣҪ㱨߶ĽչǵءҶڵ绰˵
ˣû˵
ҶȷʵеĸоΨ˼Ҳָ֪ĸɲأȷʵ˸еЩмίָʾʡίҲӦӲŶԣȷʵӦٸҶ˵ʲô̫صĻˡ
֮ǰҪ⣬ҶһѵǴʱٰѡ
Ҷַᣬ˷ָɲǰĹԱǣҲԸָ̫۸СȻãһ仰ʲôţĪ
ҶʱֵζԺڹٳϵ·ܳǰҶҲ㹻ʱȥ˱ƴο浱ʮɲ󣬻ûһǿ󵽿µ֧
ţҶͬ־ȻǵָʾҪ᳹Ϊ¼мίڴһЩش󰸼ʱҲӦȿһ£Լʡί쵼֮µģ˵
︱ǵָʾǳȷίͬίϼί˫쵼£չġҶһػشһȫͬģϵһʡί֣︱ǵǸ˵ʵǰûиɹί칤ⷽ鲻˽⣬ģϣ쵼Ƕָ
㡭ˣҶ̬ȷŵúԼ˼˵ʲôҶһֱǿᣬܲٴëãѵ˵ɲһС㶼ԭ£һĻǵȻǲ׵ģò˵ˣȾɡ
˵գ˾Ͱѵ绰ˣЩƵôҲû뵽Ҷ룬Ȼܵ͵ԭһҲòŪҲ޷ڣԼҪ˸еǳͷ
Ҷ˵ĸоһСͷ۳ǳǸȶõ̬Լóʹֶɳ²֣ȷʵ˸еڶԸ治֪СôģѲνĹٳţ
Ҳһ㣬ҶϾȻᣬҲùָʲôϾҲֻ
Լô꣬ʮˣҶʮ갡
һ룬ҲЩµ绰֮վԱ߶긾Ů˵Ҳˣ˼ֻǣⷽ治ֱܣ岻ֵġ
Ա߶긾Ů۾ףίǹʿȪӣ˵Ļ֮Щŵʵôܣѵмίǵô涼ã
ʡ쾭飬ʡίסмίߣҲǱȻģ˭֪˾Ȼ˵ܲ飬ⲻܲеɣܱԸ͵鵱С
ϾʿȪİӣʱֱӲˣʡί߶Ҳò룬Ļ׵ˣ־ãΪʡίĸǣмίǴкӦǹõġ
˵ܲ˵ĻΪ˲ԸǻԲŸԷ˵һص㣬ָѣ˵ǹܲ顣
˼ȻֻмίģȻʡίģְλָߵͣڰ참ӵʱҲְλѹˣĻ֢ܶ࣬ǲҪעȷͬʱҲҪɻ̫࣬ͬ־ǲ㿪չ͵ڰ참г©ҲнȥӣĻҲûа취ϾֲܹĵȥĻ޲ΪϹĴ
ôһͣʿȪŵ˼֣͸ˣصؿÿۣҪϹ飬ô
һ߶οһ߶аõôϹĲƸ㹻عϼˣ˼Ҷ˵ٵ˵飬ٷţĻٵˣ˼ҲأֱӾͳ׾ӸţҪСͰС
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ʱʡίǣҲ۷׷ףҶʡί참˾е̫ˡ
ǺϢȴ˵ҶҲǷ£ڸ߲ľǵ̬һٰʮȵĴתתڼ֧мίľˡ
ҲǱȻ֮е飬Ͼʲô뷨ҲҪԶǵָʾ¶ġ
棬ʡίĴϰطҲҪȷԼġ
ڴǴϣϵͳ뱣һ£һǳҪ
߶˴죬ҲûеõһĵĻԼҲеȤˣǾ뿪ˣԼƽʱñȽϽЩʲôģʱһ֮Ψֲ͸̬ů
ҲӼᶨһҪϹŪĻԼһͷûˣȻ˵Ǯв٣ʹнɽɽҲɽյһ죬Ψми֧ܹһ̫ƽ
ʿȪļίԺ棬ʱȻ˴ˣΪ黹û䶨ԹίԺլӣûջȥֻʿȪŲ˵ܹװ׵طųĻլӦնˡ
贴Ҵһص棬߶Ѿо˹ˣίھͬ£ԼѲ飬˺֤ܶʱҵúܣȥǸոʧԹһ
˼֮贽һֻë𿪣ȡŲпװԼĿڴȻִҴҵ뿪ˡ
һ⳵ڴϹ˰Сʱע⵽ûб׷ٺ贲һҴ̳ȻȺмȥɲ뿪һ⳵
ֹ˰Сʱ⳵нһԺ䣬ͣ
贴Կ׿һԿϵİȻ˽ȥ
ԺӱȽľĶҷԲǷ¹Ž濴ƺһ㣬Ǵ濴㣬޵ƻֺ꣬лʼɡ
ӵ߹ȥ֮󣬾ͿȻһʮƽ׵СӾأЩ
ûֱͣӾ˳ľƵķݣ¥ȥ


521 Ů飿
ͨ¥ͨҲһţȻָʶڹҲǱȽϺģһЩⲿ֮⣬ٻֶ
贽ַָѹ豸棬ͣʱ䣬ĵشˡ
˽ȥͼж䣬һϴķΪ赸ʹõģʱһ׹ŵ۸һλŹװŮӣ衣
ǽڵľ棬ԺԼԼ赸ҲͿʱصԼĶ֪Ӧֳֵܹĸо
ŮӴʱƺѾȫֺ赸Уϸ֫ͬҡţƺʱ۶һ㣬ƮɢȥڿлһĻߣҪռѡ
ơһʱ֮ҲŮӵ赸סˣŷӦԼҪġ
ŮӶĺƺţȻֵĽ趯ţɫһ͸֧ɫȻѾ趯˺ܾá
ƣֶˣ贼ԷԼɵŭ
ŮȻԼֺ赸֮У贵Ļƺûһ㡣
贼ˣʱŭɣߵһ߶ĵԴظ
ʱͣŮҲǱһȻͣڵϣƺȥһ㣬ֻǴεΪ׳۵زԿȻ֤ݡ
ƣҸ˵ߵŮӵǰŭֶˣ㻹ݺ裬ⳤĲ
ʲô£ŮòŻشϢȻЩȡ
˾ҵ赸֮΢΢˿ҲʼЩᣬվȻҲȥ责ŵĹװһ˦˵ϣֻ£һ߶ԡҡ
㡭ˣЩܻ˵֣ô飿
ûİְ֡Ѿ߽ԡҵĹƽϽе£Ȼӣʼԡ
ʼְ֡˵Բ裬㲻ְ֣ܲ˸ץˣۿȥܹ뵽·˼ҶԮֻ֣ܹıˣ
ӰڻζţžˮĻ
ץְֵ˽Ҷļίǣֻи㶨ְֲлϣҲǷ˵ҰϷ棬Ҫǻְ֣취ɣ
Ҹûϵˡ˵һ
ʲôûйϵ贷ԣ㻨ѧ赸ѧԺⷿҲģңҲ֪ҪˣŮŲʣ㻹𣿣
ô໵£Ӧá˵
ס˿˵ӦãΪŮûʸô˵˵֮תˡ
ԡˮţӺӰȴˡ
˴ԼжʮӵӣŮ˳ֻˮԡϸݲ¶ǣ͵һֹŵǰ棬ʱˮ⾧ӨҶһε¶顣
ŮһԡԼ߸ȻͽĿƵ˷Ա߹һֽ
мίǣҶŮӿ֮üͷ˵
ǹʿȪŮƣֻĸ͹ˣĸֻǹһֱܹܹʿȪٻ飬ԴСѧʼԼס棬ʼסѧУ棬Լһס
ʿȪ˸֮⣬Ҳٹˣȴû뵽ʿȪȻ˴鷳ܵҵ
ʲô취أֽƿЦ
˲贵˼ʾҶֻʮ꣬ȻҪʩչ˼ƣҶȻԴΪҪЮѹʿȪŪ
ƲΪһ⣬ʵϣȻѧ赸ģһҲ෴μӸ߿ʱķϹصѧһҲûС
Ҷļίǣ϶ݷͬСɣôᱻԼĲݵŮӸ׹ϣҲ̫뵱ȻˣΪ˶ǼŮӵ°ִ뷨Իùġ
ˣ͵һծɡ֮󣬹Щε
Ҷ˯һþ֮󣬾ȥίʽϰࡣ
ȥίǽ󿭣˼֮ί鳤ҶȥмίԼİ칫һԼǡ
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ֲмίͼֵĸңйԱˣνһӴĻ
Ҷǣмί¥ˣ֪ҶҪǹ֮ǰǶǰ칫װޣҲ֪Ƿ˼ЦŶҶ˵
Ȼ˵ίܼңͬʱҲίίҶǰȴ˿ûʲôӣϾҶҲίеĵĴԱͬʱɲίרְǵļ𻹸ߡ
Ҷ԰칫Ҫ󲻸ߣڽУｨʥʱ򣬶ס棬ҲһͦˡҶش
мί¥֮󣬾˲ˣҶ֮󣬷׷õ¾
Ȼ˻ӭϵĳͻԼץ¼֮󣬴ҶλҶǣѾ˲֮ˣʵ̫ǿˣ
ǰ칫֮ҶһңڻǱȽġ
Ҳ֪ⷽͶ˶Ǯǰ칫һٶƽô󣬰˰칫ԼϢҺ䣬ȫǰǼƵı׼׼ġ
˵칫ƷͼҾʲôģðʵľҾߣȥׯش󷽣Ȼһ˼ġ
Ѿܺˣƺɽͬ־İ칫Ҳ̶ֳˡҶ֮󣬾͵ͷЦ
ǺǣҶ˵ЦˣⶼΪеǣ˵ǴִŻǮЩ칫ƷǾбġί鳤͵
û˵ʲô鳤ˡҶЦصİ칫ҲУԣĻһ°칫Ҳʲô¶
Ҷǵָʾǳȷͷʾ
ҶλǿǴ˾ӦģΨλһˣҲԼŪһʿȪǾ鷳ˡ
ҶǣġִӰ칫һϣݸҶǸ׼˾ѡǷԣ
Ҷ˾ʤ϶ҪʹõģҶ˽˹Ӷģھ鲿Ǳ߶ҲְΪ˷
Ǽίǵ飬϶Ҫί߶ʽģίš
˾ͲҪˣרŵ˾ѹϵתˣ˵顭Ҷϣһ֮˵ţôŮģ


522 ļί
Ůͬ־ȽϸһЩǵίϽԣίҶǵѡҲǿ˺ܾãʮѡ˵зȨ⣬ۺϱȽϣѡҶɫСĵؽ͵ȻΪͬ־ΪʵģҶĻҲ¸ѡ
ˣɡƣͦ˼ġҶ˿Ů飬ʮ꣬ѧҵ꣬׶ģԷ޵רҵȻ赸
ȻҶûвӣͬʱҶҲƶǸԼһѧ赸Ů飬⾿ʲô˼أ
ҶҲעһºĽܣλŮ鲢ڲŰŽίģڴѧҵ֮ͽ˼ίɼ
˿ԷգҶͦƯģʲҲаɣٿ˱Ƚۡ
ʵϣҶԣίҲץһЩ¶ѣȻЩٰ죬һŮӰĲ
ڣйصĹƶУδ쵼ʹ飬ǱںУԼ׳ɵģ֪ʮ֮Ҳеط⣬γʽļ
ϾʹŮĻܾ͹ԱӣǺе⡣
ҶҲϡǵãʱý屨ĳʡʡί칫̨ġڼǿ쵼ɲ߹Աලй涨͡쵼ɲ߹ԱΪ淶Ҫ쵼ɲ߹Աóְ䱸ְ䱸Ϊ쵼ɲ䱸Ů߹Ա
涨ĵҲûʲôֻǲΪ쵼䱸Ů߹ԱһȻ󲨡
˷ԵģȴǸŮͯ֯ΪĹ涨Ա֮ӡΪԺŮԵĹȨӦƽȵģͬ־Ϊ쵼飬Ůͬ־ΪξͲ쵼߹
Ҫ֪ڵ쵼ͬ־ռض涨쵼߲ŮԹԱڰŮԵĻᡣǰ쵼߹ŮʧҵѧרҵŮǰ;ã
ΣĹ涨᲻Ӱ칤ЧʣԺŮ໥ģΪǵĹͬڣű÷ḻʡͻ
һϣҲ֤ݣʵŮеİ༶ֻֻ֮Ůİ༶ѧϰɼͻ˵ѧУʵŮְ࣬⵽ձķԡ
Ů䣬ɻۡȻ˵㣬ȴҲʾһȻɡ
ȻҶ֪¶ȻҲȷԸԼ䱸Ů飬ʡǳʲôǷίİţžˡ
˵ˣҶԼĲػǺĵģҲŲӳѱ߲ݡ
ҶӦ飬Ҳһѡĳ쵼ⰲŵģΨԼûа¶ܽˡ
ҶƺЦ˵ʵ쵼䱸ŮҲûʲô⣬ЩطȽϽҪΪ˱쵼ŮԱ֮䷢ϵ硯⡣ҶǼίǣȻɣίļλ쵼ͬ־쵱ġ
Ҷ˾΢΢һЦʵҲʿȪ
ԳΣ˵ʿȪͬ־ȻڱϷ˴󣬵棬ƺһֱûгʲô©
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ҶͬԼλҶǻͨģΪʿȪȥģͰѹʿȪҲ׸ƷӦǲġ
ǺǣʵŮԹԱ쵼ͻ֮ҿһʵŮԲ岻׵쵼Ͼ쵼ܹѳԼġЦŶҶ˵ŮԱŮദòǢʱһЩ쵼ȱ㡣ԣΪ쵼ɲĲ쵼
˵ˣûŮԹԱ쵼ͲҲһ쵼ڰ칫ǵĻΧܴǾܲסŮɫջɫ֮ãôеǻᡣС鹤ӴˡμѵӦȵȣŮԽӴĻᣬʱŮɫ˵ӽ¶ĺɫ̰ạ̊́鸾ټ潣͵ģ˵ߵŮչԱһȡԣԤɫĽǶȿ쵼߲ŮԲܽ⣬ûץסĹؼ
Ҷ֮󣬲ɵֱЦͣͦ˼ģ˵һһ׵ģƽʱҲǸͦĬˡ
鳤ͬġҶ˵ʵϣӾ쵼Ů֮뷨ȷʵûж塣оĸ쵼ɲĻõİ취ʹرø͸쵼ɲŮ쵼ɲһһȺڵļල֮¡쵼ͬ־ߵ˫۾šĻʹɫƣ֮ŮΧҲֻˡ
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ۺҸճҵмֱźȫиĹϵصشƶִмල顣
һͼҸش൱شɲΥΥҪӰĺʵ鹤
ڶͼҸֱءйҵҵλش൱شɲΥΥҪӰĺʵ鹤
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УʵʵڵмίˣҶ￼ǣԼĵһѾǣӶʡôĹص㣬Ӧ÷һأ
⻹һ⡣
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˵쵼¶ίͻܵúڿ죬˵ŵ飬ί;һж־Ӧί̫࣬ˡƻش
Ȼô˵ֽȴһҲֽ˵Ů磬Ƭ֮͸Ҷݺ˲ҶȻֽ칫ļһ顣
Ҷ˰Եͷ˵쵼Ǻãʲô鶼Ҫ֡
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ҶǣûȥίԺסɣʵ
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Ҳ֪ҲƴʥĻɼ»ԿĻԼҲæȥʣҪѡ
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ҶҲȥǱ߶˿ͷֳ׼ķ˻ͦģɫζˣʦʸ֤ġ
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Ҷе˼ԼȻ쵼ȷʵСһŮһǻܶĿ⡣
ҸŮҲвĵطġҶа
Ҷǣ˺ˡƽϵķ˶ȻһµһЩմ쵼Ĺˡ
١Ҷ˾Ц˿⣬ȷʵıҪһЩЦҲһҵԭҲ˼ҿŮͶҨװɡ


524 Ĵ
ǺǣҶ˵Цˣٳ֮пɲʲôŮŮֻϼ¼ЦЦĴʦҲǿ²˵ĸ֣˼ֱֺ㣬ԾͿʼֺˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ̫СˣŮڽϵĻͷҲڰٷ֮һϵģڵλȻеƣˣҲС
˰Ųķˣʼͷ
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ӰȻ򵥣ȴǿʦһҳˣɫǺӶķζˣҲܹӳʦЭ֮ܶҶǱȽġ
ֻҲƽʱǷҲܹ֤ˮ׼
ڲԷˣٶˣռ˼ίְԱ߳ϡ
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ҶȻ뵽һ⣬ѯʵλйݵ㹻ط𣿡
طǹõġƵͷشǵİ칫һ϶ϢģҲƽʱ򣬾ͳֿǵίԣϾеʱͬ־ҪҹӰ࣬ⷽչ˵
Ҷͷʳס⼸ǰǿԵõ֤ģίԱĹȻҲͨǰ참ӵʱоѲģԶӹҲȽһЩ
ΨһҪǵģеˡ
˵ίдСʮٶ˵ĵλԣֲ˵̫٣Ӧ˵Ƚ϶ˣϾ1992꣬2012꣬ĹǱȽϸߵġ
ǿǵίҲҪ참Ļô־ͲˣϾкܶʱǶҪĵλЭⵥλҲǲ󷽱顣
˵һʱ򣬹ƾͻش˵ίⷽҲȽϽţָǲľѣȻǲܵģҳ̫ˣķҲߣǺܻ㣬˾άʲôļӵһǸСĸ
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525 ίҪסջ
ΪʲôҶֱסؿڵĹƣʵ
ȷʵûףҪôģ˵Ϊ˹λҲӦãΪŮ֪ʶȤŮ鹤ƵģֻҪ̫쵼Ŀ϶ỻġ
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ΪʿȪľˣҶȻ֪ʿȪȽأ̵ĻҲҪиʮģϸһЩ˵Ҳ޿ܣǹưԼ嶼ѺˣͰҶƽ棬޷ر⡣
мίİû취˽Ҷ˵˵ˣʿȪȷʵбȽص⣬ҵϺʵҲø㿴ôȷʵҸеΪѡ˵ʵΪôԼ壬ֵܲá
ҸĸȽ磬Ǹĸ׹ģǷֱ齨Լļͥ˵ǲô˵ҵһֱܹģȻҶѾûʲô飬ΪŮʱ򣬱ʲô
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ҶϾúܱŤԼʲôûûѵظоԼʲô̯飬漫ʹ졣
ص֮󣬾Ϳڴ߶תӣʼףֵֽĹҹϣɫ˿¸ѩ׵ļӳһһִĿĵС
Ҷûϳ壬ټ϶ԹƵǲʱɵһȣߵһס֫
ƳһһܹоҶϹģƲմ
ҶҲ˵һѽƸڴϣЩ³ؽڿǵСϣȻӺλ͵һͦ塣
µĹҶĶ彥رȻ
˺ܾ֮ҶиſڹƵıϣϢһӣȻų˳Щ˵ԺʵʵҵŮˣ¶취
˵仰֮ҶԼҲеᣬû뵽ԼҲж
ʱиᣬʮλɲС濪ᣬ۹оҶǴһЩľ̸̸ķ⡣
ҶǵһβμĻ飬һϯ̨УһֵݸҽΣӦǱȽʵ飬ֻΪƵ飬ҲǺܸߡ
Ϊְڣ԰칫οе¾ͺڵһԣֻ飬ǩʲôģһŵλϣ˸¼ʱѾָƽһëסĲǺۡ
ͬ־齲֮벻Ϊ绹ˣڵľÿʼʿԽʽչھøٷչʱڣҵмίҹ£ǻҲսҶҲûý壬Ծ͸˵˵мίҪ񣬾ΪǵξñݻеĵǺõġ
ǣҲ˶Դ⡣ΪʲôʱֻҪоûڣͻաίǵıҽСëСԵҩҪչ֢;Ȳ
ڼίҵԭǣĲƣҹܼɣܷɣԽ˼ֻܵȷɵĴáҪθɲȺڡǵȨҪΪΪոκ£ǧ˶أҪʱʱžԼǷò׵ĵط
ˣһξͶ˰Ѳ참ʹԴͷͬʱΪһĹץķ롣һЩ粻ĵԱɲʱ쾯ӣ˵Ϊ΢ŽѸָѿ״̬
мίԤϵ͸ƶȡලǳθܵԤϵλؼһ֡ලֻѡԤβˡֻй취Ƕ참ġŸĸĸҶУۡýලһá˴ЭͶǼල
һ˼ţίδ£п򣿶ⷽҲͬ־ǽйо֣̽ⷽ£ۣ̽ⷽǾҪôͬ־һŬ
칫οеѵôһ˵ĻᣬҲһЩеΪί˵ĵط⻰Ҳͬ⡣ҵ⣬ίǾɺˡڷͬ־ǸеʹļףеԼûΡǰڰӵʱһƼɲ𱻴ַֺһ
ʱҶͬʱҲʹģҶ˵һٵط֯쵼ΣұΣûһηܺõعİ㣬ûмʱֹԨȥ
ǸԭһƹˤĸɲҵĻˣ棬ں֮Աɲܲ鴦ϵΪҵһ·
Ҷֽ˼䡣
ӦһŸж֮ģǵȨΨвϵŬܶԵȨΪίͼ첿ŵһ֣һ˵ǹܹٵĹ٣ȨúܡҲеȨǵģҪúõȨȫȫΪȺıõıҽִ͵ʿҶ˵ȻȵӲԽǮʵջԼʼձѵͷԣȷʹȨҪͷ쵼ɲɵĹ涨͸ƶȣҪ˲ԼȲҪԼ
ҶĽǱȽͬģ׷ױóĲҲҶеȽοίɲҪˣС
̨µһŵĹԼ۾ҶЩͷ
ȻίҪסջû뵽Լŵһ쵱ίǣǹˡ


526 Ϳҩ
òŮע⵽Ҷڿ̧ͷƤҶգһۣŪҶļһ˵
ţȥ֮ԸΪλʱѧϰһ¸ղ·ļҶһ˵ʮĴľҪᣬмί·ļҪѧϰǵճġţϿף㻹ʲôţһ˵˵
еǰ칫Σ¶ܶ࣬ſʱһǺܷġ
еӦһȻɤӵҶǸղŽúãҪˣǼͼɲΪıҽشһҪעԼ⣬ίŵĽ죬ֵмίˣܶ壬صҽԺһԺ칫ȡԵƱͰ¶ˡǸɲëҽëǸһҪ飬ǸıǮǺǡ
˵֮Ҷ͵ͷǾͲ˵ˣɢᡣ
վȻ뿪
Ҷһ£;мίĸɲǵʻǱȽϸߵģûʲôҺĳ֣Ҳûһɢ̿ʼ۵Ļϰߣһֵÿ϶ġ
Ҷǣ˾ʤͬ־ĹϵѾźˡе¸Ҷԣڵ˵ûȥίԺĳί¥ɣǱ߶ҲʰˣʱסԱҲѾλҪҪȥ
ŶˣϿסҶͷʾ˸лԱÿȥʰһξͿˣֲǱ߶Է˵һǣҲǻȥ˯ѣʱòԿ£ùȥͿԣ߶Ҳܶ࣬Ҫ̫æˡ
Ǻǣ칫ҹΪ쵼ͬ־ǷеЦŻشô꣬Ҳϰˣ̸ʲô಻ġ
Ҷ˾ʵϿڰ칫Ҹ˶ˣ
ǰǰλǣиʮˡеһºͻش
ŶҶ˵ͷ˵λеλǸϼͼ죬ֻĹͼ첻ôմ߶칫ҹġ
˼·һ룬ڰ칫ҹĻҲ߶ͣôãܹǣӭԼǣûбҲ˵еⷽĹ˱Ƚġ
Ҷʱ䲻㳤ܹҲǶʮӣһᡣ
ص칫֮󣬿е¾Ͱĳί¥Կ׸͹ˡ
һӣƲ˻
ôôҶղŽһӻʱЩڸͶԹ˵ݸȺȡ
ŶƵǺܸߣ̵ȥ˲ҶȻˮнˮŵҶϡ
Ҷһ£о̵ͦģǾͽ豭Ƶһ߶˿ƣʵһԸӣôˣ
Ȼ˵ҵŮ˿ɲģռϴˡ
⻰ȻЩ󣬲ϸһ㣬⻹Ĳ˵Ǵ󻰣ϾֱڣҶйϵģҲֻ楣оǹˣ˶ûô롣
ǹƵݣǱȽУҪǷڹȥĻҶǵ̫үƾ൱ﳼ֮ŮˣϵĲ࣬һǰ
еۡüͷ˵о
ҶˣʱһȻùȻȽϱ䣬ֽҲǱ⣬廹
Ҷùڴϣ˱ӣŪЩˮȥ
Ҹ㿴Ҷ˵һͰĿӸ
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Ҷֿ˫һʱüͷȻеѪˣԭѧ赸ģⷽӦñȽԵģ˭֪һǲ̢Ȼˡ
ţȥŪҩҶ˱ӣȻͳ˰칫ңȥҽתһȦʱͶһСҩ䡣
ʱ򣬹ƵѾһЩˮǲһЩټڱ棬𽥻ָ
ҸϵҩҶֱ˵ȻֱӾͽҿıӣ¶Ĵ
ȻϰҲûа취Ҷʵе̫Եˣôһ죬ие壬ԼһҲûеر¶֮£Ҷ˸
ѱסԴѧ۲Ĳ
Ǹʱ򣬺е̫ˡҶֿ˫ȣͿȲ˺ܶСɳӣҲе΢΢ز
ѪЩѾˣһЩϸëëᵽһ΢һ£ƻȽʹҶŪЩˮػѪȸɾȻҩеҽþƾһ顣
Ȼڱ棬ҲܹظоҶĶôᣬСģСյУһĵطˡ
˫־űӣҧһ縶ͷҶ
˸̴ģû뵽ôڡҶһ߶Ūһ߶ҲˣôῴɫأȻʲôʱĻҲһЩ鷳ġ
Ҷ߶ȴûжᷳĸоֻһֵֺĸо˵ԼӦԼȡĳ֣׹ʿȪȳȴû뵽ʱչĹϵƺѾԼõ˽ȥ
ʱҶ˵˸̴󣬹ƲɵЩ
Сϰ赸ͷҲһˣŮҲ൱ߵĸӣһǰЩԲλ࣬߶ϵĲ̫ˣǵϸ߸Ьʱ򣬸ͬȺһ㡣
ľҲ˹ƹ·͵ĸ߰Ը
Ϊ˸׹ʿȪҲľҪԼ͸һʶ˲һˡ
ҵȻߣ̺ܴôƲϲ̴˵ʵϰ赸ģ̶̫Ϊ赸еһЩҪɣ̴ĻܻӰ쵽ЭԣһЩͲôˡ
һΪԼǷǳ׼ģҲ̴һغ壬ƺǱʾԸȽϿţ޷ͬġ
ǺǣСӯӯһգոպáҶЦ
þƾҶͿʼҩͿĨ
СҩǱģΪһЩҩԸ˵ĸоһһ̼Ƶ濪ʼȻҶָؼסˡ
ôķӦҶһ㶣ȻЩϲ
óƵ廹Ƿǳеģúһ£ܳΪԼڴϵء
ƸоҶĶ¸գڱ棬¶ͷ
ҶȻҲ˼ڶŪʵʵظͿҩȻֽһ飬͸ӸǺˡ
˯һɣ˯֮󣬾û¶ˡҶظҴñӣض˵
ƿҶһۣˣ˯˹ȥ


527 ҹ
ҶѹʱɫѺڡ
ԭڿڣȷʵûС˵˼˿һСʱ֮󣬾ͷˣ˱棬ƼһŴϡ
˵ʵڻ˯Ҫһ˯һЩе֡
һȻ˯Сʱ
Ҷ˿ѾߵˣѹɫѾ
Ѿ11£ӣ̫ɽˡ
ѾڴˣҶûϵʽһѾôˣǱˣҲʧû¶
Ҷϴ˰ȻӰ칫߳ȥǱ߶Է˻һЩ
ȥ֮Ϳʤڲ棬һͰˮŲĵƹ⣬һĨ
ôˣҶЩʵ
ʡǱ߶Ȼмί߶֣ʵҶмίʱҲҪоͬʱ򣬲бҪǸϡ
һ˶˿Ǳ߶·ó϶ӣڻû϶ɾɾˣҪȻĻǸ鷳ȥ쵼ӡʤЦŽ͵
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ͦõģ쵼ɽΣҸð׾Ƹˣүӵ˱˵Ҫһƿװʤ¶滹Ƿǳмġ
ͣͺҪˣʤĹҲͣԼҲȽϿԣټڶݹʣС飬ȴһܵģ˵ɽΣǿǮҲ򵽵Ķ
ʤТӣҶݶԵ÷ǳˡ
ǺǣⶫҲƽʱȷʵҡҶЦЦԹһȥԵɡ
ڼҵʱѾˣ쵼ȥԺˡʤ˵ȻЩʵôǸƯŮ飿
ҲƶأˣȽȥ˵Ҷҡҡͷ
Ů飬ҶҲЩͷʹԸĨȻǲʵģҪѹʿȪŪҲʣõķӣǴᷢ䣬Ȼҽɡ
Ȼˣ˵Զ飬ⲻ󣬵ҪùʿȪҲǲʵģͥǱϵģɱԭ⡣
ҶȻұԼһôҲмίǣ˽ǾԲȥģʩһӰ̷Χ֮ڣԵظıһ¹ʿȪĴѡ
˸ŮǰײͲƽˡ뵽ʿȪڻӭϸԼţ飬Ҷе㬵ģڵݶϣȴҲܸһˡ
Ͼһˣ˼ŮѾ峥ˡ
Ҷ߽˲֮̾м˹׽Ҳ˵ܲЩǱȽֵģЩʺںȵġ
ĴʦɫѣͺˣҶˣǸĢڻö
Ҫô鷳ҶˣôŪû˼ˡҶҪʾһԼģ쵼ɲ⻯Ȼǳ̬ҪΪȻǾͲ׵ˣҪ̬Ҫһġ
ĢǶڵġ
һ԰ɣôһԼҲԲꡣҶɰļĢЦ˵
ǶԹˣⲻյһأҶþǡȻôûɫյһԣ׷ƾܵ
߶а취һֵıͰҶĢһȥϻȥ֮ˣҲ÷ûӡ
ҶҪһݶͷ˸ϻˣżоҲǳֻΧ۳Էĸоеֵֹġ
ҪΰҶҧͷаʲôʱܹˣǾͻϴﵽ쵼ɲı׼ˡ
ʵϣںܶʱ쵼Ҳܵģܹס̩ɽǰɫܹΧ˴ǿģԾܹŽܶԼΧ
ҶԼҪŬķҲҪⷽ淢չ
ȵ֮ŲֵıͰżĢȥʤס˿Ȼ󷵻Լİ칫֮󣬾ͷֵˡ
ףҶǵԼߵʱǹ˵Ƶġ
ȻܹڷģǱˡ
ȻҶŽ֮󣬾ͿڷʰҵĴѾˣԭȵĴɫĴˮɫԧͼ廨
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ίǵİ칫棬Ȼ˵ϢңǴ̵ִ֪ˣ϶Ҳ޵Ĵɣ
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ֻҲ˵ʲôʢżĢıͰŵϣȻɳ棬˵ӣȥŽĿӵģֿӶʡģȻеģһСʱ͹ȥˡ
ȵעӵתƳʱ򣬾ͿѾ
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ôһʱ䣬ѾƷˣͷһԵƺ»޲ͬĵĺͷҲϲϴʵĳУԵøҲϲ죬б滨ɫͼﳯͣ滹һЩ󻨺֣֡͡ϲշǳŨ
ڷ棬ҲһЩܰСȥ˲ȤԵܰţʹķ
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ҶеԾģڴͷȻһŴĺɫֽͼġ֣֡ǴֹģǲװҲ֪ôġ
ƻһϷһĹװϲҲ񣬰ڴߣǹװϷеĴһ㡣
ĵƹȻֻʣҡҷĺ򣬽Ƶķӳ˺ɫ
ҶеԼԴеˣƾͺһϷĺһ㣬һգۼͽ칫Ҹױ˶ҹ
ʱҶȻǾйŵһλӡ
龰Ȼе
еܹƵˣСʱĸ֣齨˼ͥҵĸ׺ͼ̸Ȼ˿ѣ˫˫ɥƴСѧʼѧ
ⲢζͲϣһˣΪӪףϧίҶʶһˣȻжԼ뵱е㽵ġ
ÿ˵УһֻԼ롣
ѹ˵ĵط᲻ã᲻һβپɵĸ飬᲻һ٣᲻
һ޷طŵľӰٺõĶʧȥһ죬ļҲеһ죬ٰҲԶߵһ죬Ҳѵһ졣
÷ľϧľ֡
죬ϧӵС
ջҹǻϢɡҶŹƵ֣˵
Ϊɲص˵ͷҶĻС


528 뿪
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵ʮѮҶУѾвˡ
һӣʡίϢӢǿҪߡ
ϢҶӰ죬ޣûзϡ
ҪԵһ飬ʿȪ⣬ϾƾӣҪһ¡
Ȼδؾ˽Ƕ԰΢ȴǱģٲܹðȽϲķչû취ƽ
һµĳӰѾ˺ܶ࣬ʡίҲҲʾ㹻Ĺעɳһλǲ밸ĵ飬ҶֳԶǵз飬ϵķȨصġ
ҶܿͷӢǵ뿪ܸһûᡣ
Ӣ뿪ɽͬ־λãʡ±仯϶СʱҶҪһȶĻ
ٿʱҶͱʾԼ̬ȣʵȽϼ򵥣ʿȪⲻأѧ˼һЩҵǣѧ˼ƽ˾ʿȪ˫ɡ
Ҷúܶ˸е˾
֮ǰʱҶǽҪʿȪ϶ͷ̨ģͻȻһһٰʮȵĴת䣬ȷʵһʱ֮޷ͻȻת䡣
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ҶǵĿеģʡҲôġʡί̱ʾ֧֡
ʵϣ󲿷˶ϣֵ̫һ̬ǿӲҶʾò˶ʱһΨҶᷴڣ̾ͽöˡ
ϾʿȪίίҲֱˣøӻҪġ
ص칫֮Ҷ㽫飬ƽһ¡
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칫ҵԿףֻ͹ƲУȻų棬ǳֻǹƷġ
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ҡҡͷܾᶪˣ̫ϧˡ
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ҶȻʵƵ˭Ƽģ
⡭ǰΪ쵼ʡģѾȥˡˣԥһ²Żش
飬ûпǹҪϾλ쵼飬ʱôһ飬ܲæֻû뵽Ÿ˲£ƾˣеЩæҵġ
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Ҷô˵Ҳٶ˵ʲôˡ
⣬쵼Լ뷨ȻҪǵľϾվΪ쵼ģһҪ
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ҪαôţҶ˵
˵ǰǰҶѾ߰ʮˣбȽĵҪְģҲʮˣ˵⻰ʱ򣬵ҲǺ㡣
飬Ҹ飬塣岻ΪҶǸ˸
ǰһӸҶһζ˾極Э˻ǱȽʺ鹤ģԾ顣
廹ˣһͦõģŮӼҼҵģȶͺãˡҶ룬ھ
ĿǰķչϻصҪѾ˹սԲ棬漰һЩصĿҲ˹鱨̽ĺĿ꣬極İȫͻϻصİȫ⣬ѾҶ¸ҵеҪ
£ʵҪ˵Լѡ⣬ֻҪһŵùģֲľͿˡ
Ȼ˵ʱҲһЩ񣬵Զԣ鱨ḻһҶӷһЩ
֮󣬰ǡ
ҶȥеЩ⡣
ϰ壬ңܳЦ˵
ֻǲڰ칫ŶѡҶشĶǲ࣬ɫǻɵģ˸оѹֵúܣеӦֻˡ
оȷʵûʲôͬ˿վ˵ӺҪѩˡ
ѻ죬ǲ߳ʱ򣬾ͷտʼƮѩˣҲһֳƵϢ
Ҷһ߳˻Լĳ˹ȥ
ֻҶû뵽ڲԶһ棬һ˫۾ڿֱӰʧڳ棬Զȥ
ƣǸˣ͸ϲϷɻˡԱ߶һλŮӶ˵ȻЩɵʵʶղǸе𣿡
ɡҡҡͷԼС˵߰ɣϣⳡѩҪӰ쵽ǵг̡
ʿǱ߶˵ʺϻѩءͬеŮЩ㽵˵


529 ն
һƬѩ֮УҶӭ1993ꡣ
ũ껹ûеҶյһǳϢ˹ֿʼƸĸˡ
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Ϊ˸Ҷ˵һڹȥһеӽз˹ǡ
ӵ楺ҶЩ飬Ҳʶˡ
ͬõģ壬Լ極Ůڣͬʱмֱܹ˽˵ĲרңǴ˺ܶҶϡ
˹ѾͦסˣһαƸĸֻһʱ䣬ʧܡ極ɫȥܺãȻңԶıĺϢеѹ
ȥһ굱УҶͶڶ˹ĸʲѩһӣ極Ҳ÷ǳȻ˵ЩƸȻܲܰõ֣˳תƳȷʵһȽѵ顣
˹Ҷգ̫ˣ˵ָֻ£ݿƷͼȶ˹Ȼľá
ݿƷͷϷҲǵһ壬Ƿſۡ
˹涨199212𣬷ſ90%Ʒ۸80%ϼ۸ͬʱȡƣְԱ90%Աߵÿ900¬ͥʧҵȼýҲ֮ˮǴߡ
۷ſͷ£ƺͼӰЧԡﳤӲˣϵƷĿϰƾƱӦųӵĶ˹ˣ·𿴵˸ĸʵݡ
ûãߵķݷҡֱϡ
4·ݣƷ۸19911265
ԭͨӪ̵ƽۣϺ̷Ӫ̵ְһƷתֵĲȡ˿գгҳһࡣ
ȼϡԭϼ۸ſҵɱ6·ݣҵƷ۸14˸߼ηгԣ˹ҵ׷ѹгѭ
ݿƷĵڶ壬ҡ˫۸ĸＸ̨ͬ
ҪǿԴս֧˰ŻͳͳȡƷһɽ28%ֵ˰ͬʱƷ˰մʩף˹ͶʡѺͰ칫ãԤԤ㣬Ƶطдֲ֡
Ļߣдʣ׼ƣʵд޶Դ˿ƻԴͷͨ͡
ǣһٴʧ㡣
˰أҵһήʧҵòӴȼòֱͶʣֲŴҵʽضȱҵ໥Ƿծء
˹ȷ199218¬1991귢20
ӡĺУҽˡ
ٵ⣬ҪҪ˹һЩ̶ʲʽ֣Щ飬޷ҪԾС楱ʾ
רʲô飿Ҷʵ
Ǿãڲ󻯵ʱ򡣡楻ش
վڲרҵ⣬Ϊڶ˹ûдﵽصʱԲͬھͽЩҵ֣ŵһ֮ĻЩʲƻᷭһҡ
ʲô飿Ҷʵ
ҵ뷨˹ĻЩңǼþհɣԿһǰʶ֮󣬻оۼİҵֽǮ֮󣬺ܶͺܷˡ楽ʣµʲҾûǰ֮ǰ뷨ѡ񣬱˵ԴȵȲҵЩδЧӦĲҵõĻʲô⡣
Ҷ˵ͷͰ˵İ죬ծȯг˽һ°ɣǷôǮȷʵô̤ʵ
סЦЦ
ǰҶͨǷһʹծΪҪĶ˹¬ֵĿѾﵽˣȻҪ˽ᣬⲿֽʲתΪ֮󣬲Ż˸е̤ʵ
˵Ѿ˽лĶ˹ʯͲҵǲҪżˣΪڶ˹Щҵ˽лڽеУû⣬ҪۣҲʮ֮Ҫǵ⡣
ԣҶе棬ŷʱгΪѾ˽лĶȻҪϸѭгɵģʱڣûбҪʲôǵȵļ̨֮󣬾ҪСˣλǰعĻöԸһǸʱ򣬾Ӧýеʲת֣뿪˹ˡ
ҶĿǰ棬Ƿǳģİٶ𣬻ֻһһµһȼۣ2000ҵˣȹ㴢࣬Ǻôһ롣
ûãôǮҪôʵ
İٶһʱ֮ҲеͷȻ˵ѾƹżֵʮԶʲĻϻأͬʱҶƿض˹ʲһ֣ôһ棬治֪ӦͶʲôطȥ
ôһǮܹܲôӵŰɣ
ڴ󲿷ֵĸ˶ԣƱֻж׬Ǯ壬Ϣʲôֵù顣
ţһЩǡҶͷ˵ص㻮Ĺ˾ĳԽǵĹƱҲҪ̫࣬һҾͿˡ
楽ӹҶĵӣ˿û̫ע⣬һ۾Ϳ΢˾ɵЩ
΢˾ȶǴĿȥġ˹־׸ʲ68Ԫ˵Ҫչһҵ΢ɷݣҪ40Ԫء
΢Ʊ1986313еģʱÿֵ21Ԫһֱеʱ򣬱ȶǴĵҲһԪӣȻѾ68Ԫ׬ǮٶȣȷʵǺܾˡ
׬ǮٶȿĹ˾ʵϺܶ˶ڹעţֻǹڶǱȽ˽ˣǲࡣ
極˵˵ÿ΢Աĵ϶һһſͨıŹ˾ƱƵĲ仯ÿ˾ĹƱǣͻϲЦտ֮ü
һҲ֣Ϊ΢ԱְϹȨǶŹ˾Ĺɷݡɼǣ˵ǮҲ֮ͣɼµҵĿڴȥһЩҶЦŶ˵΢̵ٶȼǴٶһ죬˾ǴĺͰ⣬11Ԫϵʲ1001ԪȣôĽǣ˶ȫϣԼŬܹ˾ɼۣһ㡣
ģʽǲҲбҪЧ£ҶĻ֮󣬾ĥˡ
ʱҶµҵѾܶˣȻһЩǹŮǵ£ʵ϶һָģǵЩҵĺչ楾;ý˲Űڹ˾÷ǸһĹȨˡ
бҪġҶͷͬԲȡȨȨķʽҪõһЩʵݵģҪŵû׷󡣡
Ȩڵ棬ȨҪôҼŬˣڹͲϹӣǲеġ
ϻأѾչԽԽҪˣҵǵĹȨ䷽⵽йطķԣϾҵʲͬһ⡣
ҪȨ;ӪȨ¶˵ԱʵҲռ˶ٷݶģԿóٷ֮ʮĹɷȨһ°ɡҶش
ⷽ飬ʵѾʼˣ˵Թ˽лȵȣҶҵ˽ֻñȽϴѣⷽҪ򵥶ˡ
ʵܹҲ˵Щ顣̸һ֮ҶͶ˵ǵľ²ģѩ֮󣬼ȻˣҾú÷ɼɡ
Ҳá楿˿Ҷ΢ЦŵͷӦ


530 ԡ籩ƻ
ļУҶǹ˺üط
ȻǴѩ죬ǿĵط٣ǼȪȼٴ棬òдǱ߶Сԡң
һȺܹȪС㣬ΧȥһСȥʳƤȷʵҲһζ
ʵרҵĺôҪƱծȯʱԼ̫ġҶȪ棬һůĴʯͷЩпض˵
⻰ҪǴ˳ȥĻƺܶ˻ƵҪЦ
˵һʵڻЩרǣʵҲȶĽɫôҲܳ˴ˡ
ӱֻһȺڽҵȽϤͨ˶ѣеʱҲſڿӣܹеļʾͱȽСˡ
İǷڱȽҪλϣô˾ǮֵĿǲġ
Ϊϰ壬¶ԼҪġҶͷߵ˵һǸǮе࣬ЧͶʣҪԼˡҸʮԪҵʽԼ˽Ǯɡ
ô˽Ǯ𣿡֮Ц˵һӸôǮһ治֪Ӧôء
Ǯ¶ôҶ˵öԽĻԷ棬Ҫһ£ҲͶʳȥǮǸģôǾԼˡ
ͲóȥС楿Ҷʵ
ҶЦЦô󵨵С𣿡
Ҳ˵Ƿ֪極ıԼǸһ˵ϣҲִ֪һҴҵŮܣԲǵǾҪ極ĻҲñ˱ȥˮӵľ
ˣʮԪе̫ˡҡҡͷ
Ǳģҹҵ㻨ǮеġҶ˵ʱ˽˷ɻ˽ͧ͸صĶȼٱʲôģҪеġҵݲ㣬ЩһҲˡ
ôĻʮԪ治ء˵
û˵˽ǮЩ֧ʱ򶼴ߡҶش
ֻǴӾӾ㣬Ȫţ߶ȻҲһЩˣǴһ϶ñȽԶš
һζʱǵΰ˺ܴĺתֵһģصĸͶʣȻʡ쵼ǶеЩ⡣
һֵùעϢǾ˵ίǽ󿭿Ҫʡίίˡ
оȽˣĹԱǲǾ¿ˣ楺Ȼʵ
ӡУƺҶһֱǲͣˣھǣڽеʱ򣬶²æ֮ͣ󣬳˿ʼʱֳ˴󶯾֮ͳˣһҲԸ
ֻǼίǶѣֲίǻгҵȻҪˡҶشʵһ棬˶ϣ̫ߵϾί̫ɹĻǾζеĹд̫©ԣûʲô¶ÿܵĹᶼμӡ
ίȷʵ˸ߵһеķԽǿ˵̰Խ࣬ԳеɺܴĸӰ죬ҲԸԱɺܴĸӰ죬ɴ˶һϵзӦԲҶһļίܹӦġ
ҶߵڵĵزҪǵ⣬ѾһԼô򵥵ˣȻץԼʣôʵܼ򵥣ôֱӺǵееԹ޺γһɵҶϣ൱ġ
Ҳð͵һˡ楽忿˹Ҷһ˵Ҵƣһܹҵġ
׬˵ǮҲõԺӡҶЦЦЩʽҾûںһЩһӣԪҲлᡣ
Ԫ𣿿ǻǿʵ
ֵҶ˵ƴҪҲܹڵҲǺżֵĻھӦֽˡ
ô˵ĻİԪʽ𣬲ˣʵ
Ҷͷȷʵˡ
ʵϣԪԪĻʼԼΪһڳԪֵľ棬ÿһڶԪֵ
˵19711978꣬Ԫʴ1Ԫ360Ԫ180Ԫ1985198.9꣬Ԫʴ1Ԫ240Ԫ120Ԫ19901995꣬Ԫʴ1Ԫ160Ԫ80Ԫ
Ԫ仯ʷ80Ԫйμҵֵʱڣһ19859µĹ㳡Э1988ʱ־޶Ĺ֧֣ҪԪֵ
ƸԪĹ㳡Э飬ԪԪĻʴЭǰ1Ԫ240Ԫ19865ʱ1Ԫ160Ԫ
ΪԪֵԲλͨͷԤʽƸԪ1988ԪԪĻʽһ1Ԫ120Ԫñȹ㳡Э֮ǰĻһ
ڶǴ1993219954£ʱֶĲȷʾΪ˾ó׵Ĳ⣬Ҫ20%ҵԪֵʱԪʴ1Ԫ120ԪңԣյĿ꣬Ԫܿ1Ԫ100Ԫ
ڿֶĦΪĵùϵȡȽ̬ȣ19954£ԪĻʼ1Ԫ79Ԫʷ߼¼
ԪֵֵԤڵӰ£ǮձͶʵزҵ¥м۸ߣĭ
¥гǵ£Բֵֵһ׶ΣǮ¥б̣Ԫ֮к
ʵͶҲܼ򵥣ľһϡҶ˵ֶԪֵôǮձͶģʱ䣬ʲڴʽԣǺܲѡ񡣸οͶʷزгĻֻӯԤ̧߲٣ҾֻҪͶʵõ׬ȡıҵǱȽ׵ġ
ټԪ棬ƻࡣ˵
ҶЦȻģʵ׬ǮҲܼ򵥣ͿǷܹȷƣȻ沨Ϳˡ
ãԪֵʲô̶ȣʵ
⣬һ˿϶úжϵģ֮ǰľ飬ȻҶжкǿģԲһȷ֡
ҶһµϲӦܹͻ80ԪΪ˱Ҿ82Ԫͺˣ̰ĲĻҲ߻
ҶԼҲܹ֤ʷܹȫԭĹ켣УϾԼһֻСĳѾһˡ
ӴλǾãû̫ı仯վùϵĴӦǲģ飬ǿѹעġ
ţǸжҲһŰɡҶ˵ԡ籩Σ


531 ǵȻС
ԡ籩ж֮Ц˼Ҫձ˸Ӷûô
ǺǣоɣҶҲЦ
Ȼ˵ԡĴţʱϸһ룬ȷʵܺҶ˼ҪԪĲжʵҲֻǴֶѡ
Ҫ֪˲һڷ籩ԪףҶԼǴ磬һεĻᣬǰ볡в֣ȵʱʱˡ
Ȼ˵ǰԼҪʱ䣬ܹͶʽ2000ԪĹģͿ˵Բһεжˡ
ȻˣһֵʵֻҪܹʽ𷭱ҶͺˣĶǶ档
ǵθǲе̫ˣҪ֪׸ȶǴҲ68Ԫ۶ѡ楸Ҷһ´µж֮ԽĿʵֲѣ˾ЩпҶ
1992ĩĸ˹аϵȶǴ68Ԫ۾ףҶյֽ𣬾Ѿ400Ԫȫһģ楲Żʡ
Ը˹аҲ˻ɣ֪ǵôóˣȻô
ʵϣкܶԸҶ˵˵ǹҵˣ󲿷ֶϲ͵׬ǮԸͷ¶Ķ࣬ϲߵ٣ȫҲкܶţյĲƸԶǸ˹аܹġΪʵĸ˹аҲȥЩŵϵ׶Ϊôķ̫󡣡
Ŷ˵Ҳе֮󣬾͵˵ͷͬ˵
ʵϣҲ˵һЩԣϴսһЩŲݵĽЩĲƸɵйܹ׵ص߸һȨңܹһĸ
ԹЩͨӰΣźܶҵʵȽľ˹¼壬Ӵ̫š
˹¼Ĵ˵ʵ𣿡楶̫ĴԣһЩŽɡ
Ȼ˵ѧǽרҵҲӴܶҪһ˹¼Ӵģеš
ԻЩ󣬵ǵʵʹǿġҶ룬ͺػشսǰһ侭Ļݵʱ˵Ħģ͵˷ռġʵ仰棬Ӧüһ䣬˷պĦ˹µġ
ʵ׸˭ܶ˿϶᲻˼Ļش𣬱ȶǴĻ߰ͷء
羭бȽ˽ĻŻ׸ˣֻǸ˲ɽ¶ˮѣΪ׸Ѿסý͡
˹£һӵгʮԪ˴ĲƸ壬ƲĽҵ꣬ǱΪýǮġ۹ǣ׸ʷȨƵҵš
˵壺˹¼壬ΪصĹϼ壬һĿߣһ;ǿ塣
Ծͨ˵İģΪڴڴýʱǵĿֻע˷ռĦЩԺյϡ
˹£ļ徿ʲô˸кǿ󣿡ҶĻ֮ȷʵЩզ࣬ʮԪʲһʲô
ϸ˵ǾӪҵġҶش˹¼巢19ͳ䴴ʼ÷Ү˹ºȺڷ˸׶ء衢άҲɡǲ˹ŷпС˵ʱĽʢʱڣǷƸʹŷ޵Ҳʰ·硣
˹¼һֱڷ˸ӪӰڵ¹
ȻĿԶ÷Ү˹5߳˸߳¹ɢŷ޸ء
˹¼ⷢչ÷Үɭ1804ֻӢ׶أʼʱһЩ޲⡣ʱŷֵսһЩ¹Ӣа˸Ϊ˱ԼĲƲίɭ˴ӢծȯɭԼҲծȯ͹Ʊ⡣ɭƾԼľͲŸɣñ㷢˲ƣΪ׶ؽ֤ȯľͷ
ֲʧʱӢṩ޶ѣ׶ؾҪ˽еϵ
ɭӢĳɹ˹¡
Ϊ˷Ӣŷ޴½ĽںóСĶղķ˹ɵڰվ˽Ÿ
϶šĿֱַڰµάҲɺǲ˹˹¼еķС
γһ÷Ү˹ӰķЪϼҷ˸ӷֲ׶ء衢άҲɺǲ˹Ľںҵ۹
˹ֵܾӪҪһǷֲŷ޸ķ֧ȡΡ鱨Ѹٻ๵ͨѸ˽صξöѡȡжʤҶ˵Ϊ˱ܣԼרŵʹ˴ϵ˹¼ڲϢϵͳѸֿɿӢάŮʱҲԸ޼ҵʹżӢ⽻ʴ
ˣ19ҶһӴ˹½ڵ۹ŷγɡ
ÿսǱṩ´սΪսܹṩ
ڸؿУ֤ȯƱ׺ͱҵͶʹҵ·ͨѶҵַչú̿ʯ͵ҵӰ͸ŷֳؾĸ䡣
˹¼ŷʷӰ죬Ӣʿ˺һбɼһߡҶ˵𣬾̸һţ1875꣬ȱʽ𣬴յ17.7ʿ˺ӹƱԷļ۸⣬ʾԸ400Ӣļ۸ҡ
Ӣ֪Ϣٿڸ飬һͬӢƱ
Ȼʱڹݻᣬ޷Ｏʽǣϵ˹׶طӢṩ400ӢƱ
˾ʹӢʿ˺ӣ˾޴Ρº;棬˹¼ӢӰҲ񡣡
Ƴҹ֮⣬˹¼ӰѾ͸ȫ˰ɣ楺Ȼʵ
Ǻǣɲ´ˡҶЦҡͷʵϣ˹һǰҹϵ1979ٶȽ빲͹гӢú̿˾ͱ̹˾ĵ糧ĿĲʣ˺Ϊһ֪ҵṩѯ񣬺ֵͬʮԪ
ΪʲôҴû˵أ֮󣬾;ȵ
Ȼϰ˵͵ҶشԶԣǵ̫СˣҵпճǧԪֽĻҲܹһ϶̳ˣڹгϣԸ潻ˡ
Ȼ˵˹¼ʲʮԪⲿֲƸУܶ඼ǲʲǲܰеʲ֣óעһ
˹¼ŽᡢȡΪǲܹ˴Ҷڽеʽ𶼼ʹãȥðž޴ķһ
ΪˣҶģǧԪֽ𣬾ܹɨ
ڣǵеСҶ뵽ЩϵĶţɵ̾˿


532 ԡż
ôǮȻǺõġҶĻ󣬾ЩпرʾǧԪʽҪôźã
ǧԪʽȷʵеôĻĿҲ̫ˣǹڵû취ţͶʵĻеߣеĻȴױ˶ϣʱпܱ
ȥҲû뵽һʵķ
ʱʿУǿԵġҶҲ뵽⣬Ȼˣõķǽ󲿷ʽʲ˵ĳЩ˾ĹƱһЩطĹ̶ʲԷɢһЩǰǵñ֤ЩʲеĴ󲿷֣ʲ
ʿаôһǮҲ֪ȫȫЩĵ˵
ӦûǰȫġҶͷ϶
ͨ˶ԣʽʿУ϶ǱȽϰȫģǶһЩеͲһˣΪǵʲ󲿷ֶͬԼܲɷֵĹϵġ
ͱ˵Ҷ֪ԼӵǧԪʲĻǲԼ׬ģȻ󲨣ϾҶҵķĨģԾͱش
ĳЩ棬ҲôǵģֻҪǮ뵽Ĳ㸶˶ŬҪݱھһĴ𰸡
ƺͨϰգԶܷһ
ȻˣͺһЩҶԣǵĶߺ͸ߣȷʵǴġ
˵ɱӡᡢԼ޺ͰҵһЩ쵼ˣ϶һĵʹǵļյȨ̹ʲԼ
Ӧ˵ֱΪֹȫĶ߼ѡĲؽ֮ػǰȫģֻ1987ǰİȫͬһȫԶ߱˵ΰȫΪǰᣬԭ1987ʿڸѹ֮ȡ˻
սԺɴĹϵʿеıƶ̫ܵ֯ǿǴ𣬱ΪɴС
ʿбȶԴͳƶ޸ģȡ˻ҪְԱ˽Ŀͻȷÿ˵ݼϵġϷԡ
˽Ŀͻƶ£뿪ιְιлܴķɻЩ쵼˵Ҳ֮ϡ
Ҫͨм˴ؿˣǻǩһ嵥˭ˡ
ӴԺʿһιݿ⣬п䶩ġ
ЩҲԼĳС쵼˵İУ40֣Ʋᡣ
1987ιݿĽɱ˹ǵ˹⡢ɲеȶߵȨƷʿбܵľ޶ƲҲ֮ع⡣
Ϣ緶Χŭָ𣬵ʿвòĸ䱣ƶȡ
ȻˣʵϵıֶͨλǺܶġҶ˵˵ҴЩʽţ˭Ҳë
ǴӷɽǶȣѪԵǶȣ楸ҶϹϵ極жǮʵҶûжٹϵġ
ô˵˼޷ǾңҸûʲôϵЩƲֵرʾ
ʵһֽѣ鲻ãֽҲ˵ʲô⡣Ҷ極˵ǰеңϵģΣһķҲİɣ
ֻǳԶҶѡ˵
ҶЦЦһԼƯֱͦͦظˮϣһƤһ
楼ˣָȥҸ¡
Ҷ̲סЦ˳
һڣϢйˣʱ޷άƯ״̬ˮĽ
ˮдһӺҶ˵˾飬ܵŶӵûбҪԼסǲĵԪʲĳҪѧˣú˲š
׵ģеʱϵǱȽϲģ˾Ҫŷġ楻ش
Ͼ˵Ĵ˾ˣµĸǧͷСȻŶӵȥһЩϣ˵ĹͨĳЩĿЩⶼԼ룬в
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ڱϾûнʱ涼ģȵʮ֮ĻеͶжˡ
ߣҲƶڹڵķչ̱ÿһЩ
ͬʱҲҪǵһ㣬ƶԺ󣬻᲻ԼĴŹвϾЧļǷǳҪģҶȻΪͼ㣬ҪЩŪȴҲİʯͷԼĽš
Ͼýԣɿصġ
ҶĸҶƽǴϵͳҵģҶȻýж
һӴ򿪵ĻȻ˵ܹռ֮Ȼǰв֣Ҳǻģһã׾ͻᱻ߲еһЩץסʹţһЩС鷳
Ҷȥû˳Ȼɣȵڿʼģؽл֮ԼƶͿˣڵûбҪȥ顣
ҶȻʲôطһī
úõشʲôī楸еЩʵ
ʶˣҲϳҶش
Ŷ΢˵ͷҲһīȻʵŮİɣƯƯ
ˣĸɲһҵġҶش
ҵĸɲϵˣǵĹǺϽġЦ˵
ӡУƺҶڹԱʲôĶǺںʡµĻϲôעȻҵɲʼоˣǾ˵Ҷ֮ȷʵûȹмίǵλãζ
ǸиֳĸڵڡҶ˵ҵɲǰʡίְ֮ϵΪ˾ٱϾͷҵ档
ԭˡ楻Ȼ˵ѹҶּȤˣȴ永Աʲô飿
£ʲô顣ҶشĿȴ͸īǱ߶˹ȥ
ڵǸеȵˣȥͱȽһЩ⣬һҲǻسĸɲԼĪʮңʱһīһΧмŮ飬ԡһͷϷˮ
ƺ̸ʲô飬ҶĶ䶯ҪͦԷЩʲô顣
ܿϧǣеԶˮģŮǵЦҶһӣվεҡҡͷ˵Լʵǲã鶼
ܣɡҶ˵
ʲôЩʵ
ιȥһǸڵ̸ʲô飿Ҷ˵
ðɡ楿˿Ⱥˣ鲻жѣǾʹӦ


533 ֳ
極Ӿŷˮ۾ˮзţһ㣬ܿεʮ׵ԡ棬Ȼһͷˮ˳ʯͷϢ
ڵڵȻע⵽˽ӽǲûλӾװŮĳֻ֣΢һۣͽǵĻ⡣
ܣϴθ˵飬㿼ǵôˣԱߵλīʵ
ڵüͷ٣Ҳӣһֱ˸ҵĺ״˵϶ݵмίˡڷôǲԱġ
мίʲô˲ģ㻹ī֮ԱǵҼǵǰӺܴôڵһ֣Щηηβˣչ¯ϣֲǲ
ڵҡͷ٣¯Ȼôأÿֵڵ¯ϣǧϣôһ⣬ܶ˶ءȻҲҪЩ˸ѹδؾܸģ¶ôӳ飬Ļ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ǵ̫СˣгãȰѺͬǩˣʲô⣿īЩмػشҴӦǲģѡһطһǧı꣬㹻ŶӺúˡӲһֱҪѧ׵ܲһҪ󡣡
ȫһǧʵǺ˵ģڵҲ⶯ֻԼҲô£Լ޷ǾΪڵиֳһ֣˵ܹãΪÿ꼸ǧ룬ŻῪôõ
ڵڲλˣôһж˾ˮˡ
ڵڵ۹λپԲĴ͸һֳ˲¹ͷЦ滢֮
ԸĻҵĻ١ڵڶԱ˵㲻֪λίǣʵ̫ˣһ¶ίǺо־ֳǺɨİԣ˵ίǶܼɵڵڲǸиֳĳǶסѹġ
λмίҶǣڵֻδˣ˵ҶֶǿӲУҳᣬôһλмίȷʵȫеĸɲǣ˾޴ѹ
˼ϣڵʵǲԸ鷳
ȻˣٵĸԸĻڵڻԸһĵģϾٵĸǸʡԱǺӶʡʸϵɲӰǳԶԸĻĸɲҲܹ㶨Ļڵڲðա
ҰǾԲġڵڵĻɫʱЩղֱȫӡ
һԶ˸ţ뿪˶԰һַǳ̬Ҷ˹
ˣʲô𣿡ҶԱ߶ùһƿϣȪѾݵȣšӣȻݸ楡
ǸīĽ٣Ҫڵֳ¯ϵĺͬ⣬ȫһǧĺ楺һϣȻ͸Ҷ˵ƺλٵĸףʡһλ쵼ʡĴԱڵغӰûᵽ֣Ҳ
ѾܺˡҶ˵ͷмίһֱڵڵڵ飬λٸĹϵӦǱȽϽģϲȥջ񡣡
ǸڵںѾ֪мίڲҶ
޷ġҶشмί汾ͲɾǸãʹָϢ©ȥҲǱȻģʵһҵĸְ棬ֽŲɾ
ĻĹǲÿչ˾˵
û취ίĹͲÿչҲֻ⡣Ҷ˵
ѹط뷨Ȼеġ
һڵΪ٣ôǿ϶ȨȥһЩĲȡ˽飬޷ģֻǳ̶ȶٲͬѡ
뷨ǱⱾΪ٣ҪγɸɲƣôֻŵԱطγβ󲻵ľ棬ƿȫ֡
ʡһҪɲγƶȡ
ǸҶĿôҲδؾǽ֮ϾγɼģʵϾؼ쵼ƵƼ쵼Щᾭõķչʼڵγһϵ磬еȨڻγһܲ͸硣
ͨ磬ǻ¢˵صԴγһֵطǿܿʡȨġ
ںܶԻжУǰйܵ飬ΪصѾγһϵ磬Ӻڵ׵ǻΪһġ
ƶȷǳҪмίʵǱȽҪһڣʵʹУ𵽵ȴǷǳ޵ģΪǶ참٣һ㶼Ǳز룬߱ʡ쵼ָɣŻῪչҶ˵мίľͱ˰ˣǲһ鹤ɣץһץʱϰ࣬ϰʱ飬ЩͲǼίӦ¶
Ȼһίץɵ֯ôļලþǳˡ
ûЧලƣȻһַǳΣյľأҲҶĵ顣
ίȷʵǸߣͰĴһӣȻתж楶Ҷ˵õˣʱȥһеһ֣Ǻܺúܷ飿
ţҲôǵģȥﵱץý쵼ҵǿҶͷʾ
ҶƾǸ㾭ý裬ίǲܸ㣬Ƿǣ̫ˣȻҪԴѹƺܶ࣬ܶ鶼һ룬ȷʵֵܶģԸɵúܲˡ
Ȼ˵ҶһˣҲܹɳɼģôһŽñҲͿˡ
է֮ǰһѻѾ˸ˣʱ治Ը̫ߵһظɲǵһԼ̲ʲôôûбҪǰֵצӡ
ǰһֳĶܴڽж˵ˡ楶Ҷ˵ĳɼӦûõصģôڷǾٲάˣҹʱ򣬻·ϳһεж˵Ǵš
Ҷһ飬ϰղ෹̸һӶѣһλ쵼˵ģǵ¾Ȼô಻ӣڱҸˣǵѵܺÿҲǹ˼ҵݣĿŵ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷȫţ鲻Ļͱ˰мίǸˡ
ΪǸӵĻ壬ǷǺڼ׵ģһֻɫķչҶĴжʵӰǺܶ౾ԱǵǱ档
ҶеλãͱȽϹˣĳҲܶࡣ


534 ײײ
벻ôࡣҶĻ̲֮ס̾˿
˹⿴ҶϵĹ⻷ˣʮɲȨмίǣȫеĸɲη绢Ψַ档
ֻ˲ܹףҶٵѹҲǺܴģĵԼûʲôĻԸˡ
ˣһ뵽Ƶ飬ҶҲɵ־衣
طȷʵһܹ÷ˮģҶ¾룬ȻԶǵ֧֣ҪĲûʡ쵼֧֣Ҫ̸ף
ɽǸոλҲȶҶҲ˼ֱӸ鷳Щ밴ͰһأͺֲӦ
˵ǵŭԹʡʡ쵼㣬ҶĻôͱȽˣʱԶΪ٣Ҳܵ˵żΪ˭ϣиȺĹԱԼĵ̶ϡ
ʵֻҪ˼Ҫŵ̫󣬺͹ͬһЩҲǺûġҶ˵㿴ڣͦе𣿡
ˣ浹ЩϧҶģôС;Ҫôӵľ棬ȷʵǺսԣǾ˵֮㰤ŮǷ룬ǹСӦҲͦеģеʱ䡣
ƻ鷳ġҶЦ˵
˳棬Ҷ뵽VCDҵ񣬲ɵ楼䡣
ͷܺãѵûпӲĹ𣿡Щطʵ˵һͶǧĹѣӵVCD͸̺ʽը࣬˵ĳҵ񲻶ϣһֱץ֮Уǳɹˡ
ͣһ£楾ʵҪҪҲСЩ㻨Ǯ
ô˵涼Ҷ˳ŮѣԼʮԪ㻨ǮôƺҲܲõôɣ
ܸȵģִֻܣ˲СҶҡҡͷ
楲ҶĵһŮˣͬʱҲǰҶҵҪ֣ݼһ𣬾極ĶصλҪպӸҪĽɫݣȻҪġ
ںϷݷ棬ҶѾ޷ʲô֤ȻҪ棬㹻ֲˣԼʲ楴ãҲһֺҪ̬ȡ
˴ԡ֮ϴ˸裬·ȻЯš
ʲôţʵ
иʳڣӶʡĸַζСԶīǳȥһҲǺõģ˵μʳڵĴǣնܸߣ˵Ǹʳҵ̳ҶشҲҪԷģô
ðЦʵҵĿζƫʳ׷ʲôȻҲų⣬ǾԲѡڽǱ߶ҶԼġ
Ǳ߶ϰߣҲǳ׷Ӷ࣬ˣǷǳӦںӶ߶ĻʳȴǺܸȤ
Ҷ飬Ǻܺ極˼
ϾԣܶԼûгԹûмʶʳǺġ
Ӷʳ෱࣬һļͥСۡ桢桢桢ݯʮֻ˵桢桢桢ѡ೦ȡ
˳ʦĻ£ĿϾӣﵽһһζľ硣
ݲ飬ʳںӶɷΪʳʳʳ࣬оݿɲʳ280֮࣬Եﺣ⣬Ϊʳ֮һ
桢桢㡢޼⡢̡è䡢塢⡢Сըá̯衢պյȶ֣Ŀ࣬ĿϾӡ
Ҫ˵ʳʷƾãԴԶӿɿǧʷΪ֮ΪκΪϱνˮƳСԡΪһֱھǳ󣬶ںӶ߶˽⣬Ҷ͸򵥽һ£ھǵļּʳԣӶܹһ
һǺǡЦ߶ʳҲһЩڴϾҶ˵ô컨׹ģҲ£Ӷ⼸£Ǳ˳Իɣ
ܴԣ䲻಻ԶӡҶЦŻش
Ҷ˳ȥ˳Ȼ󷢶׼뿪
ڻʻͣʱ򣬺Ȼеһ𣬾顱һβ˸ײˡ
ҶһüͷӺӾпͻȻڳһɫֿϣײԼĳβҲ֪Ρ
鷳ôٶȣײ˵ļҲ̫ѷ˰ɣҶЩ˵
óģһ㶼޷֮ײʲôǼҳ㷹ˡ˵
ھǵʱ쭳ĹҲ٣ײ˶ǶֻС¶ҪǾභݶǵƫá
ţҿȻײˣҶ϶Ҫġ
֮󣬾ͷֺ濪˾ȻǸŮģײ˼ҵĳ֮ûһĵĸоһ¶һ
ȻӶԷĳļˣҶϳˣһиֳڵڣһǸһԡǸīı١
ȻղǵĳŮ棬һͷײҶĳӡ
Ҷû˵ֻǿ˿ԼĳβȻһ¶ûУȻǺãٿԷֿϣûôˣǰˣҶеɣԷֿ
ŮأƺúܺЦӡ
Ǹīıٿ˿Լĳٿ˼Ҷĳ;еΪɶײ֮˼ҵĳһ¶ûУԼĳͳ״ܲƽ⡣
Ҷĳ֮󣬱پ;öԷҲһˡ
ô죿Ǯ޳ʵޣҲ޷ָԭ״ˡҪôһ³ɣɳ㡣ҪôֱһǾͿˡ
Ҷˣֵؿһ۵Դż𣿡
ʲôˣʱˡ
ʡǣʲô˸ôģ
˵Դż𣿡ҶظǵĻ㲻֪˭ΣûиҪ⳥Ѿˣ㵹뷴թңòͷ𣿣
˶ʱȻŭһѽīڵϣܳײҹ˱ĳҪ⳥𣿣һ㶼߳ͣ
Ҷ˿ֿ˿ԱվЩڵڣЦЦЩڹˣҲСطѳ磬ͽһԣ֪ʲôŽײ
˵꣬Ҷ˳棬һ٣ǰ棬Ȼ˵ֱӾ˹
ٵһ׷ױԱߣͼҶĺֱӾײֿϣһֱֿϳΧǽϣ˸֨֨
ҶǰȻٹҵĴֿ֮ϳڳһŶˡ
ҵĳٿ龰֮ڱˡ


535 Ҵ
ûã͸ϵˡ
ȻֻһײľףǵʡǺպı٣ԾĺѸ٣оֵˡ
֮˶ǵһ
Ǵĵİɣӵľһε˵
Ǵĵģֿôܱײøò˶٣ֿϵǣ͸Ͱ͵Ǳ˵ıֽһ˵澿ôֻڳӻûбըӦûǿȵġ
ֻǣôһĻȫˣûκһ޳԰øԭһģһ
ǹ˲ǷǳصУټˣǱ߶ǳؽ
쿴һۣϳݣʡίǹ˳ǵĶӣ˱ĹӣӵһЩ󼫸Ͷ뼫͵⣬Ͼ͸װǲࡣ
ǿһҶĺʱһȻ˵ϵǰλˣȴ֪
֮ǰΪһжİﶼһٴˣ˻ίǺоֵľֳ
飬Ϊô֪ܲ
ʱӵϾ쿴˿īҶо˼ּƽϣȻʡίǹ˳ǵĶӹ˱мίҶ֮䣬ѡ֧Ҷ
˳ǸȻλȨأ߶ȴҶֱ쵼
ô¶˵һ˵ɡϾһ°ͣԸԱ߶ŵС¼
С΢΢ͷ⣬ϾҲһˣĬһӣ֪Ҫ¹죬ǰλǣΨмֹƽܹ˳⡣
⻹𣿣˱Щŭ˵ʵͰǰҵĳײˣ˵ô¶
ϾƳһ˵һֿϳƤҲ˼£˵ҶǸô󣬿ҲƫֻǼֹˣҲЩɣǲʲôĻĻҶô˺֣
ǵʱĻҲˡ
ô˵ϾҶ
ȻѾȷҶݣǴʱװʶΪãʡý˴£ǵҶˡ
ҿĳײҵĳβȻвҪ򡣡Ҷشҿ⳵ҲֵһԸײóһһ³
Ҷͣ˵λݣǮ˼һ治ںֿϳײʲôӣ
ô˵ͼˡϾҲԸ¶ȻԸ⳵ûľף¶Э̽Ϳԣûʲô¶ˡ
У˱һҵĳײӣһ¶ĵ
ٺ٣ҪΣҶЦ
ʵͦģû֣СӼëƤûʲô˼߶Ѳף˾˲ģûʲô˴
˵һʵǵıҶų⡣
⼸楹úһЩ
˱ͷϣҶȻҪ飬һڶģĻҲͰֿϳײһŶ
ȻˣҶǷ蹷˱ҧǹ˱ûû֮ǰԡЩ֪һﲻʲôöҶҲȥƽϡ
Ϊ֮ǰ֣ҶŻҪ¸ִˣָĲǹ˱Ҳǹ˱ӹ˳ǣЩ൱ı
ִ󣬾ûִԶ˱ʱȻǵʮ㡣
û˵˱ҶԵ楣Ȼīֻʣͷͬһ㣬һת˵Ůһ£˵ĻҪ̤һ
Ҷϵĳƺţ֪Ǳصģ˼ͻˡ
һˣǻôţ֪˭ĵ̶˱ɷŹ˶ԷԺǵڹǵǰôϴ󰡣
ʡ߶ɽǻʡְʡһ磬ֻɽɼŮھǱ߶һûдʲôõķţ˵λίͬ־ǵŮУ˱ĺ٣󲿷ֶ˹ٳˣ˳֡
ʡίԱĹ棬Ҳ˱λߣӰǵһСǣΪġ
ǽ˱ɷҶԺû취ˣ˭
ٺ٣ĵӺܴҪҲᣬǰû¶ң㵹ùҶˣŭЦ
˵ž˹ȥһѾס˹˱졣
ʲô˰˱ŭ־ȥҶղԡ˵ƣʱеܿƣһ֮¾ûƿ
þӣӺúý㣡Ҷס˱һ٣ֻ˱Ϻһ
Ҷҿžس˹˱ʮ⡣
ֻ˲䣬˱̾ƺеɶˡ
ôܴˣԱ߶˶ʱˣڵڣ龰֮ʱͷֱð
Ȼ˵ǹ˱Լ̸¶ǳǷǵҲǹ˱Ǵʱ˱˵ڴҪǲܵĻѵԺ˳Ǹ֪¶׷Ź
ͬ־ôҲܣڵںٴͳˣ
Ա߶쿴ˣҲĿɿڴû뵽ҶôͣȻסʡί˳ǸǵĹӣֱӾʹˡ
Ҫ֣лú˵ϾҲеż
˵ǰľҶҶǣҲܿŹ˱ܣĻ빫˽ǲԵģܲܲȥֹǷΪ
ʾһ£ͳȥϽ˸ֿ
Ҵң֪˭ٺ־ֵĸֳ˱Ұʡίǹ˳ǣ˱Ҷոף˵ЩˣԾǺ۾Ϲ˰˸ץ
ôһУ쵹û취װͿˡ
ϾҶִˣҲûаȷҶݣǲλ˵емίǣ
Ҷһժī¶ݡ
Ҷǣ
Ҷǣ
һӣǶϳҶһԵڵҲϳҶ
Ȼ˵Ҷ֮һֱȽϵ͵ڵϳֵĴҲǲٵģٳϵЩˣĸǾעŽĿģǱصţȻܹϵóǰλˣǴ˵е߹٣λһ־͸ɵҽ̾İԸѶ˵ҶҶǡ
ٺĸֳ˱Ҷ˹ȥĴĹ˱˵һ䣬ܺãһɲȻֿܿϣʱȻԡ֣СӺܺð
˱ʱҲˡ
ȫû뵽ǰλˣȻʡίǶܼɻмίҶλʮ߹٣
ӹ˳ǣҲǣ֪˼ұ󾿾źεȻܳŵôмίǣ
оֵľ죿Ҷתͷʵ
˷׷׵ͷҳ
öҴߣ͵мίȥһ޶ƲҶ˵


536 Ҷ
ϳײõֿϳϻίԺ֮ίը˹
˶˳Χֿϳ
ʵЩ˵Уϵ˲Ͼǹ˳ǵĹӹ˱ݣǵЩ˵Уϵõ
ɲģҪĲΣһ֪ʶȤüʹ֮ˣܹڹٳϻࡣ
ȻλҶǣҪ¶ˡ
˵Ҷǰѹ˱ץˣмίѶء
ʲô
õʲôֿϳ֤Ĺʣֳ𣿣
ǵǣֿϰһĹʶ򳵵ġ
Һ˵⳵˽˶Ǯ
ʡίԱĶӿˮγ¶ҪǴ˳ȥƹ˳ҲҪǣɣ
Ҷǵĵôô׳
ϻûе̵ĻŶʮܵ
˱Ҳǵùû¶ȥ
ǵ˵˵˳ǶҶʤΣ
ĺ˵ˣܾ˰ɡ
ίǽվشǰͣ¥µֿϣüͷš
Ҷ¶Ҳ̫ˣŪôһƳʲô˼ʾأί鳤Ա߶˵ѵ֪˱ǹ˳ͬ־ĹӣҪŪô󣬵ʱҪôճ
ȴǿ¥ȺˣȻ˵˰˸ߣϰʱ䣬ܵȥʲô飿
ǡϽ˸绰Ըȥ顣
Ҷôһֶ˾ǲЭˡ󿭶˵
Ȼ˵󿭲ҶΪʲôҪ˱ڳݵļƣǺʣƳίԺչ֮̾ͻд
ҲԺΣϰǶ֪һ飬Ǿǹ˳ǵĹӹ˱ľȻֿϳ
Ҷ£ǹȻ˳ǸǶŸɣʲôôЩʵ
ô˵˳ҲʡίԱȨĸǣҶţƣҲ
Ҫ¹˳ǸǵĶӹ˱Ȼ£ҪĵĺȷʵǱȽصģһִһǾͺ׸мίĹˡ
˭Ҳ֪˳Ϊ˱סӣ᲻ʲôΪ
ҶҪʲôȻ֪Ǵڵֶ޷Ǿǽֵ˶ѡȻ˵ڵط̬ȣǱȽȷģϣγβ󲻵ľ棬ԶԵطзֻʹѹǲɱġ˳Ǹǵ͵ĵطȻҲڴ֮ˣҶӶ֣ȱġ
ˣ˵ͷýƲ⣬ǱȽϺġ
ǳԱ˳ŵģҶҲû¶ȥ˳Ǹǵùͷƽ޹ȥָʡĴԱʵûʲôҪοеȨҲǺܴģҶҪںӶʡӣͲܲǵһ㡣
ѵ˵ҶûгסӶĴ㣿뵽⣬ɵûȻʵ
Ǻ顣󿭵ͷͬôᣬŵмίѾǺ˾ˣҪίǡгʲôģƷԵ˾Ҫųˡ
ڴȱɲŲȱˣأ㲻űͻȻôһСλӣͷ˭ķڷ
֪ҪԸҶˣء
ڹ˱ϣίҪʲô̬ȣʵ
ʱмίѾ˱ץˣͻѶУ˱ֿϳҲͣίĴԺ棬ˣίܲܵʲô鶼ûзɣ
ίֳһȴֿܻųǸǵĲмίҶǵĲ¶Ƿǳͷ۵ġ
˺ܾãҲûףίǽ󿭻ʲô뷨
Ҫʲôҡͷмί참ҶǸίùʡ˵ˣǲΪĸɲݲͬ͸ίĹǲõġҹ˱ʲôˣֲ˳ǸʲôʣҲԺˡ
˵ʵڵģԸԳؽʡίίУĵҲҪһЩ
Ըǹ˳ǣʱҲûж⣬Ҷڹ˱ǹ˳ҪҶνˣΪѾ˵֪˳ǲܹʲôʵԵвˡ
ϣ󿭵̬ǷǳȷģҶ͹˳ǶȥɣҲҲ֪
ˣ˵Ҳ㣬վίίǵȦ棬˽󿭣ûܹѹסҶԹ˳Ҫӹ˱飬ҲֱֻҶҵܹѹҶ쵼˵
ȻˣҪ쵽һ㣬׵顣
ҶҪʲôõϢĹ˳ǸǣȻǱŭˡ
֮ǰһֱڿᣬýѧϰ᳹ʮĴһȫᾫĹԼʡίɲѡɲμ뵳Уѧϰ顣
ȵӵĻ㱨֮󣬶ӹ˱ѾҶץߺܾˣֿϳҲʾڡһ硣
¶ù˳ǴΪںӶô꣬ûʲô飬ܹ˶ŭģˣӻһںӶʡӰ˵Ǹٹ̣ʡίǺʡҲǷǳصġ
Ȼ飬һëͷСӣȻץӣһһַǳķʽ֮ͨڴ˳
ŵ죬ȫǵ˶֪ӹ˱ǸܷˣǸĸɲ͹ȻֿϳֻεмίǸץУ鴫˳Ļ˳ǵҪȥţ
ίĬ֪ʲô̬ȣѵ
˳ǳĬһ£Ȼ˵󿭳ӲˣԸ顣˵ļҶҪͣ岻ϻôǵӣҶĵͷ۰
ڵĴ˳ǶҲһо
Ȼ˵ɽǴӺӶ߳ȥĸɲĳɳںӶҲһɵģĵȻԱܶӶܣ֪ϸ˶쵼Ӷʡɳӡ
ָɽϰͷǲܵġ
ң˳Ҳӹ˱ʲô飬ȻҶȻ£Թ˳ǵеز㡣
ΪмίǣĸɲҶ϶ץ˵ģһʲô㹻Ĳϡ
Ĳ˵ֻͣίԺֿϳù˱Խˡ
ίˣҲͰˣҪĻǿյԴǺܶģͷҲܸ֯һѵ
ӹ˱Լף˳ҲֱӴ绰Ҷ¶ôģǹųԼҲжţ֪ӹ˱¶ûж٣Сëȴһѣû׼һǵʲô鷳
ʵڲУֻܵȵȿˡ˳̾˿
ҪԵģһҶкܶవпЦҪʱ׼Ŷ侮ʯˣʱҪأȣټҡ
Ļ׾ͻţеġ


537 Ҷɱ
˳ǵĹ˼ȷʵܶ࣬Ҳûа취顣
类ҶץߵĲӹ˱黹ðһЩ˳ȫֱӴ绰ȥҶָĳ򲻶ԣǵѹȥҶǽӸתƳȥ
ڲУΪӹ˱Թ˳Ǿûа취ֱӳˡ
ȻҪʡίطǳҶкǺתһ룬ֳˡ
طˣһֱϲŭɫʡίί˵Ľ̸ܵʲôϵνԳһϵԹ˳ҲܻɣطǷӣ
ȻˣҲֻеȵȿҶʲô
Ȼˣһ鶼Ҳǲеģ֮󣬻Ǹмί˳ܰǷֱ˵绰ʾԼԴ·ǳעǸǲмίץˣ
Сӣ׵Ļ˽ģе裬ģôסˣ˳ڵ绰˵ȻˣȻмίץˣǿ϶˵Щ飬ûиģҲϣܹмί⽲Ѱ˦
˵绰֮мί˳ܰǾͿʼĥˡ
˳ǵ˼ȻȽޣ˳ܰˣ˼޷Ǿ˵һε飬ǹ˱Ҷ֮֮ǹ˳Ҳųӹ˱ϣЩСëǴûеġ
˳мίľǲΪԼӷʲô¶ȡ̬ϢˣҲϣмίһ飬Ͱѹ˱ų
δ̫ˣ䵽Ҷеˣų˳ܰҡҡͷжڹ˳ǵ˵ǲôͬ
ҶֶΣ⼸мί£̹ˣǼλְҲкηòҶϳɡ
ҪᣬǴڵһЩ˱Ҳ˳˵ûʲô⣬ʵϣѾֹ˱ǣ˺ü𾭼÷ﰸУߣϻż׮²а
£˳ǻʾûʲô⣬еˡ
˳ܰ˼һӣ;ԼϣӦóΪ˳ǵӦͲĻܻ˶ǻġ
ȻǰҲõ˳ǵչˣҲ潻ѣΪ˹˱飬Լһˡ
ڶϣмίίԱǿͷʱ˳ܰ¶
Ͼǹ˳Ǹ˵¶ŲҲǲõģԼʹµĻ˵Ҳˡ
Ҷǣ˱Ǹӣô¶˳ܰʵֿϳͣԺ棬ǵΧۣȫǵ˶֪ˣиɲǴ
Ҷ˵ͷǾŪ񲼣ɡ
˳ܰˣʱһ㶣û뵽ҶȻôһסֿϳȻǺ׵ģȷʵҲ˺ܶΧ۵α겻αϾͣġ
ֿϳѾмίһֻ꣬Ҫ˵˱ⲻɿڣҶǴѹ˱Ϊмί֮ĵڶѻ𣬺ݺݵһˡ
ֻǲ֪ʲôԭίǽҲûгֹҶ˳ܰЩ죬˵󿭲ϣִŶԡ
Ͼʲô⣬ҪֵмίͷϣίǾһζû
аŶˡ˳ܰҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ôġ
Ҷ˵˴֮󣬽˵˱İӣȽϴ󡣡
ˣʱ˶䣬ҪҶ鵽ʲôϣȻ͸ҶԹ˳ǸǵĶӶ֣Ҫ֪飬۳ɰܣǻ;Ӱġ
˵Ļ˳Ǻʲô͵ĻᣬҶʡ淢չϽ֮·Ǹ׷ˡ
˵ĻǾ͸˵ˣķһֱӾͰҶҧܲȫ˶Ǻ˵顣
Ǵʱƺ˼ҶҶ׼˵ġ
˱Ҫھ÷棬ǧľ޶ʽ޷Ľ͡Ҷ˵ҸյĲ˱ͬиֳڵڴĻף漰ÿǧ¯Ϲʸһ׮аĿǰҵĴȰڵҲ˫棬Ա֤֮⡣
˳֮ܰ󣬱֪˱Ѿûˣ¾ͱʾǰͽӵһЩȺھٱϣҲиֳڵڴְ̰ΪȻҶָʾô鴦ڵҲǺбҪġ
ίԱҲ׷ױʾͬǶ
˾һ⣬˱ʡί˳ǸǵĺӣҪ˱⣬ǲӦȸ˳ǸǴк
Ȼûô˵ʵҵ˼ࡣ
ν˶죬ʡί˳ǸмίѹǺܴģѹȽϴȻ׮ҶģΨԼ˳֮꣬Ժ󱻹˳ǸǸϣǾ鷳ˡ
ǰ˳ǸӦ˵һµġ˳ܰҲ˵
ʵҲǴҵձȻ˱ϵѾȽˣôӦø˳Ǹ˵һи׼˱ı̾УҲ˵мί߶ûдк
ȻҶķӦȴҲһֱ۵ûҪĹ߾ˣ˱İǣ˳ͬ־ĻټҲ٣
֮޲Ȼһʱ֮䶼֪˵ʲôΪá
˳ܰҲſڽ࣬ȫû뵽Ҷô
ҶĿƺ׮ӻܹǣ˳һҲǿǣ׮ǣ浽˹˳ǣһССмίǣܰİ
ʡίطǣҲ޷£ҪʡίҪ쵼֪飬ȻмίǱ߶쵼ܹԹ˳Ƕֵġ
Ҳ˵ȨͲмί߶Ҷôʵ˲⡣
Ҷֺøֱ˵һβڵڵ飬Ϣ©ˣһβ˱飬ϢȻ©ˣ˵ʲô⣿˵ǵڲںܶ©
ҶĻ˵һû뵽ڹ۶ϣȻ˴£ָηأ
ί©Ϣ飬ʵżʣϾЩ˵Ĺϵݺύ˭Ҳ֪˭˭ĹϵᷢƵ飬˵Ҫ׷Ҳδؾܹץ
ϾЩ棬һЩܹģһЩͶһЩ޸ݵˣĻʲô˻ķڷģʱֻǳǷ
ǰʲôҾͲˣԺмίĹץЩܹϸعɣ֪ˣ뼰ʱ˳ǵĶ飬صģ뷨졣Ҷһرʾ
˷׷Ӧǣĸоȴǳӡ
ҶǴ֮Ҫʼмίڲˣļίǣ¶ɱ


538 
µʲôǸ߹ٺ»ƸҲǲͨ֡
Ϊ֣ЩܹɷʥЩܹɵйЩܹȨ£еĸԴ֡
Ҷмίй¼ʾعע֮Ȼ˻ὫеܸϣҶ󲻾ãͽӵ˹й¼˵ϡ
Ҷܿٿ˵ڶмίίԱ飬ר顣
еϸ˷ַȥ֮Ҷ˵й¼Ѿˣ֤ݶȽϳ֣ѾԼ̸ǵķӦֵοģǵҪɲвɲǵľǱȽϸߵģʱûзй¼ġ˵ǵĸɲ齨軹ǱȽϳɹģҵļԻֵÿ϶ģǵļͼ飬ǿסġ
ˣһ˵λҶȻᣬҲûʲô·滹ǱȽʵǵģûн˭˭
˳ܰǴͷƣǶҶĿ϶֧֡
ʵ֤еĴɲǳְģȻҲиɲעظڲǼίɲľǺܸߵģһҶҲ˳ֵĿ϶˳ܰ˵йܵ飬Ҷʲô㣿
Ȼ˵˵Уûʲô̫ߵĸɲǶݱȽе־а참ӵƽʱĹҲܶ࣬һӶµĻܶڼίճһЩӰ졣
˳ܰ飬ʵҲϣҶܹһ棬Ҫ̫мίĸɲǣһֲ̫õʾ
һίίԱҲʾԼ̬ȣй¼ȻǿɳܵģǶڸɲĴһǳǰѺβˣҸΪҪȸھΥ涨Ķǿ϶ҪģǶһʱķҪġ
λίԱ϶ǱʾһҪǲ˴ĻԼίɲǵĹԣһӰ죬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
˵ĶеҶ̬ȣǱȽȷģȷرʾίͲԵİ참󣬺ܶ඼̧ͷͷͬ־참ĳ߶ȷʵðգ𲻵ǰѺãֻӰ쵽β˵Чȷʵð졣
Ҷ˵úܶԣҲ˳֮ܰͬǵĹʾ;ˣίɲΧͬ־ǵĹϵһֱ˲ҸǽѡһС¶пܱΪǸܵסʵǵĹصҪǳڶԸɲǵİͱ򲻵ѣ˭ҲԸͬ־Ǹͽȥġ
˷׷׵ͷǣʵƽʱУƵ顣
Ȼ˵ΧĸɲǶǶȽأǾԶ̬֮ȱȽձ飬˭ҲԸΪίɲߵ̫˷ԼΥ͵飬ʱɾͱȽѰˡ
飬˭ûкô
˵˼Ұɣί˼ҲɣǾ˼ʧְְˣҶΡ
ƽʱĹУУȽϾҵļίɲ϶ûжѣѱضǵļίɲ϶֪ĵʹ
һε飬ɵĺأҲ봦̫ˡҶһ֮˵ҵǲܲǴȣҪǵķʡ̶Ҷмίĸɲ˽ҪһЩǶˡǲôǲڼίˣҵڲǰźó·
ҶһǱȽͬġ
Ͼ˷˴˵ȥģǴ̫ˣֻͬ־Ĺ飬ҶĴȽϺʡ
ȻҶǵ㽫Ҿͽˡ˳ܰЦ˵
˵֮ǰ˭ҲҶ뷨ģԴҶй¼ܵģҶȨ˳ܰǣҾһмίΪֵüȮ
˳ܰҲԸΪ飬ٱλھ˵Ĵᴦ϶ǻʾлģҲǽһݶ顣
ҵҲеЩ֣ѵ˵ҶĲЩĵ
˳ܰһ£;ҶܸͿ߶Դ˼ҵȤڱķ棬߶ֻһ򵥵ĹɶѣĻͲ᲻ظɲǴùϵ
һ㣬˳ܰ˳ˡ
ȻҶûҪУôмίҲþӶ࣬ƿҲȽޣô˳ܰͳмίʵϵƿߣΪһֵӰǱȽϴġ
һҶ뿪Ļô˳ܰҪεĿԾͻöࡣ
й¼״ǹ˱İӣҪôźãʵ
ʵǴĵģϾʡί˳Ǹǵѹ֮£ҶùȻ˵ǰҶڶţǼÿ˶ӵ˵绰ҪǶҶʩӰҪӰ졣
ȻˣֵôҪֱӷҲܣԴҵ뷨϶ڵ͵ʱ־ӦȵʱˣҵĹע̶ȼٰѹ˱ųҲˡ
Ҷ뷨ģͲ˵ˣ˶ڴ¶ܹע
ϲ飡Ҷ⻰֮̾ͽ˵鲻ǹ£Ҳ˽Թ
˶ʱһ㶣֪Ҷ˵⻰ʲô˼˽飬û˸˵ǿģ˵̫û쵼ˡ
̹ʲҲͲ˵ˣ˺²аǲܵģҶʾģײҵĳ˵ҪǮȻҵ棬ȻҪŮź£ǿ벻̣
˳ܰҲǴһû뵽飬ֲҶ˭Ӷ¶ȷʵǲð졣
˱ҲǵģԼƨɱͲɾûײǹϣ˼ҲδؾȤȥ㣬ϾϵӻֵǮģвԸ㡣
Ͳͬˣ˱ȻмίǣԼеĸɲ鷳ˡ
ԼҪ˭ҲȲ㰡
ˣҲǷ׷ҡͷ˵˳ǸǶӣǲŵ˭ãƫƫȥԼϼмίǣһȻвҪ˼ŮΣڣ˻Ĳ˵ʲôˡ
Ҫ˳Ǹ͸¶һµģףΪʲô˼ҶҪأ˵ӹ˱Լµ鷳
Ҳе֣ҶȻʾԼǹ˽̬ʡίǱ߶ȥǸ˼ҳָԤĽ
Ͼˣ⻹ǲܵǳͬ־;Բô˵ˡ
ǿǵӣҶȴָô˵˱ԼҲһ̣ңҲ


539 ر͵Ĺ˳ͬ־
˽ô˵ģ˳Щ㵵ʵ
ǧȷ绰ش
˵绰֮󣬹˳ǵɫЩѿ֪˱ΪʲôᱻҶץˡ
˵ףûвȥҶ˼ҲδȤȥʰССĸɲ
ոնʮɲ˭֪ﱳ󣬿϶оֵ֧ģ޷⣬˭Ҳϣͻ
˱ҲԼ㣬ϰˣǶѣʡίһӵĳƺţҲһȺӹ˳ǵĸɲǸģΪԼ˵һˡ
ͷҶӲȻꪳɳˡ
Ҫ˵˱Ҳʮˣóˣ˼ҶʮҶǰȴСûʲôͲһ㼶
Ҳѹ˼ҶѾ˱˽ʮ꣬ȴֻڷ־һĸɲʵĲࡣ
ֲ˼ҶҪ˱˭飬ģο˼ҶҶǣҪ˭ţ
ҶһǣûиҲûаѱίһˣֻίǽгľݸƽģ˶ҪļͣûܹƵס
ʡȻкܶ˱ְߣǶԿڵĸɲȴֻʡίطǹܵס˻治òмίĹƫƫطǶҶ̬ЩƺǲŲʣͷˡ
Թ˳ǵĸݣȻǿԹʴµģƫƫ漰ӣʱиԤҪ֮飬ǷܹȫԼƿ֮У
һζʱ䣬˳ԽԽоεɽǸѹˡ
ƫƫɽǻʡְ񣬶εʡٳٲ̨ܳһץʵ̫ǿˣеʱ˳ǻãô㡣
ƣɽֻҪ£ͿԽӶʡĸ֣öΪƿӶʡľ档
ǹܹñӵģʡǹǮӵģȨϲγɵĺҪԶκһǹ˳ĴҲ޷һǿ
Ȼɽǲûʲôëǹ˳ԼʡίѾʼˣܶ˶ڴӹתˣʼ
ɽڲëǲëǶЩССֵ鿴ۣһɽǶֵĻǾͻʯ쾪ıɱһ
ʱƫƫӹ˱ô鷳ù˳ǵзƵúܡ
ձϵĻô˳ںӶʡӪпܻ߽棬޷ܵġ
ˣ֪ҶҪӹ˱˳Ҳֻţ֪ҶҪ˽𣬹˳ҲֻмţҶһҪѹ˱϶ͷ̨˳ǲŻͻƵߣһĻֻš
һǾͻǣһȫӶʡĴ֡
ʱ龿ݱʲôӣɾͲܹµõˡ
ôӣ˳ԼĶǣɳ棬˼
ڵԣҶʩѹ϶ǲеģѹȣз
Ƶ̫һҶһŭ֮գ͸ûа취ʰˡ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻҾ䣬ʱ
˳ǿǺˣıñȽϸӵĻͱԸҶһ棬ǹǹԵ̸һ̸Բܹʧȥơ
˼֮䣬Ŵ򿪣˳ǵİ˾˽
ϹˣôӶûˣ㻹˼﷢˳ǵİ˿֮󣬾ͺ۾ϽǸί˵һѶӷųίʲôطɲֵطû¶Ҫʳģ
˼ңЩʲô˳ҲûػؾƽʱԶ̫磬ߵһ𣿣ΪҲЩ⣬󲿷ֶǼܸܵģСǰ涥ͨؽڵĶѡڶӳ£㷴ֵͷˣ
˳ǵİһʱҲˣ㵹ˣҪƽʱ׬ǮôɣܹҪٲǮʡôģ᲻ڶӳ¶ˣ㲻뷽跨ȥȣǹˣ⻹û
˳ǰ˵ңڵҲҪǾ̣˳һ·СԱߵһ˼ҵķֲ٣Ҳ˵ʲô
ǱȽϸӵģֻСƣ͸Ҫ͵ƫƫȥ˼Ҽίǣ˵Ҫ˼ŮΣ˵˼ܷŹ˳ֻĸ˽ͣʡƲֹۣһߴ̽䡣̫̬ĻпܾͻԱҵˣһϣ𣿡
ôأ˳ǵİˣҲһ
ȫû뵽һηµ飬ȻӰ쵽˳ǵҵ֮ǰ޷뵽ģʱҲɵš
ô죬ܲܿŶܿɣܵİ취˳ǵİ׷ʵ
취ҲˣҵУҶأڲܳ棬øӸӡ˳ҡҡͷ԰˵ǿжģҸһ㰤ȥң취ܻôġ
Ͳ棬˵ǣ˳ǵİ˻Ǵǵġ
ȻܶӻŵģұϾʡίǡᵽ˳ǺһҲһ飬˭ǿסģ˭ǿסģҪҹ˳ǵЦҲô׵ģ
ˣԼȻܶǰȴԳȥ˵˳ҲܹһԼֵµЩɲǣ˭ֵԼΣּʹ治ԼĸɲǾͰɣҲҸɶѣ򵥵úܡ
ɲϣԼôŬֻһȺ
˳ǰ˵ĶܿʹҶĶ档
ʵϣ˱˵ˣҲԽԽˣֻǴǴҶΧ֣˵ҵ˳ܰǣҵмίɲҵίǽгľݵ˵顣
Ҷ˵ˣȴǺ٣Ϊƺһ汾˵Ҷ֮ôº֣Ϊ˱ҪҶǵŮΣԲŵҶǲȻŭҪ˱·ġ
ᵽҶ˵ˣȷʵ⣬Ҫ֪һʣǿɾҶǶˡ
ңһΪ̬һ񻯵Ļǹ˳Ǹǣеģǳֺõֵᳫ
Ϲ˻ͰҶ˽һ֮Ҳɵ̾˿
˳ܹںӶʡݺ᲻ô꣬ȻЩ̵ģرͣԶǳܹġ
ҶҲԼİ취Ȼ˳ǲԸֱҶôҶбҪһ³ͻù˳ǲòǰԼ顣
Ͳˣ˳ܹ˼ӵ


540 ؼҹ
ۿʱ÷ɿ죬ⶼҪˡ
ũ꼴֮ʣеίҲȽ֣ҶȽæµ
ĩҵĺܶ๤϶ڰͣ״̬ˣԭҲܼ򵥣ϰգְԱҵ˼ڹϣԴڲӪںָоеȻϰ࣬ͷɵ˼棬Ҫôꡣ
мί߶Ҳе졣
Ȼ˵ҶɿŹ˱ȴûº֣Ҳûȷرʾ¶Ӧôµͬ־мڴˣҲЩͿ֪ҶǾʲô˼ô㣿
¶ʱͣˣ˻ǹڱ棬ɣҲûΪóԺúȵźš
ֻǹ˱ͬ־ԼеסˣϾڱѾסʮˣͨѶϵȫÿͺӶŽĿݶҪıֽҲ͵ġ
֮⣬һϷ˱ôãϷ˹ʲôģʱһãͺѾˡ
ٽڣۼȻؼ˱ЩżˣȻûнʲôʵԵ⣬ǴͿԿѾߡ
˱ǴˣȻе裬ôõĸɲǸģھϵͳʶһЩġ
⸴ӵĻڶϣмί϶Ҫһ۵ģҪôˣҪôԣܲôһֱȥ
Ǽ滹й˳ʡίĸܿŶмίġ
ڵƫƫˣ˳һûУù˱еЩĻˣѵ˵Ѿ˲Ϲˣ
ͷһ𣬹˱޷ˣһֱЩ궯
˳ܰϼͼɲˣЩȽ˽⣬ע⵽˱仯֮󣬾͸Ҷ¶
Ҷǣ˱Ƚϴһ˵ʱ߼ˣ㿴ǲӦرעһ£˳ܰҶʾ
ǵĹ飬ʱıһʧصǰأһŲȥ߼˵ģȷ˵ǰֹܶӣԱ˲ͻȻɱģ˳ܰǶԴ˷ǳӣĹ˱ʲô⡣
һ˱мίĻȻ˵ҶѲ˸ϵҲܵǣģ˭֪˳ǸǷ֮󣬻᲻˼޹
˵ˣǻ϶ܵ˱к֮󣬶ΣϾ˼ҹ˳ǸȻûкֱӵر̬ȣǹ˱ĸȴǷ˾ʹкܹܲŲʣٹ˱İȫ⣬
ʲô飿Ҷû˵ʲôѯ˳ܰ
˵˳ܰѾʮˣҶ軹ҪһЩǾḻļίɲԱ˵Ůͬ־ͱȽʺβ˵ĹҶԺ󣬲ûжλĸʲôѹľٶǱȽ
ҲΪԭ˳ܰǶҶȻЩ͸ȴҲûȥϾҶݺأ˵ͷˣȥҶ
ҾãҪô᰸Ҫôͷһôţһ⣬мίͬ־ûʲôôġ˳ܰǽǵĹͲ˴ס˰ѱĻڶˡ
ţǵĽеһ濼һ顣Ҷ˵ͷ˳ܰ˵
˳ܰ˵ͷȻ˵ĩмίҪλɵģǲȻҪȥתһȦ
𣿡Ҷʵ
мίһЩϴͳҶȻǷǳ˽⣬ʵί֮ǰҵһĨڣʲô
мί֮֮Դ˾棬ҪĻɱϣֱίǹʿȪо־ֳѧ˼ˣеĴСɲǴ𺳡
֮ɨѨжһİԣҲʹиɲеţһӾˣ˵ҵ棬кܶǷȱ
˳ܰᵽЩλɵ飬ȫ˽⡣
궼ҪģҪҲΪмίĴڸУΪλı˳ܰǽ͵
мίƽʱɽ¶ˮһ־ʲô¶⵼мίĸɲû˸ǣҲһ˽Ӵǣ֪ǵ
мίÿ굱УҪ鼸̶ʱΣʾһ´ڸеģͱ֮ǰһȦĲ˵ˣλǺɵġ
ŶҶ˳ܰôһͣŵǾ͵˵ͷ˵¶ǱȽȫίиˣҲȽϷġҳէ˼ҲӵĻʱɾˡ
˳֮ܰЦҶ˵ÿ̫ǫˣǣ˭Ҷǣ
ȫҶʵȷʵˣҶиɲеһɽѹ˭ΪϾǰ֮Զ˭ҲԸΪһҶóĿꡣ
Ҷ֮ѻ𣬵һѻ˹ʿȪѧ˼ڶѻİԣѻ᲻䵽˱ͷϣ֮䣬˯Ըⴥùͷλùֵмίǡ
ȻˣҶԸȥѲӼλ飬˳ܰͬġ
ϼͼˣиλͷͷҲȽϤȥ֮Ͼ߸˳λͬ־Ūܷ㡣
Ҷȥ˵ĻȺʱ·òøҪٲźʣǾò׼ˡ
ԶҶίȥ飬˳ܰǱȽġ
ʱίǽίתһȦ˵ǿһ´ҡ
ҶŽڴ¥תһӺ˾¥¡
Ҷͬ־ڹ˱İӣʲôչ𣿡ʵ
չһЩģƫھò棬ǼһʱģҪȡ֤ǰǲнˡҶش
ԥһº˵˳ͬ־ķˣһֱڵ˵߶Ҳʤ䷳鲻ðģҪӲţǶ
˱飬϶ģֻǿҶδöѡ
뵽飬Ҳеǣ֪Ҷ᲻ӲҪѹ˱
һҶķ˹˱ĻĲ˵ֻǹ˳ǸǱ߶Ͳý
ʱ򣬽󿭵ҲȽìܣΪеίǣոսʡίί¹ȻϣҪڴ̼˳ǸǵģĻеĹϾ˳Ǹǵǳǰʡûе֮ǰĵλֻɽ֮¡
󿭾ãӴֳʱҪһλеĸɲˣ˳Ǹǣûκεĺô
Ҷ֮󣬵ǻشúˬ죬ĻǾؼҹɣ


541 
ҶĻȴЩԾ
һֱΪҶ˱ǲݵľ棬һδĵץ˹˱Ҫ˳Ǹĵ׵ģû뵽ֻôһ£ҶȻ˾ù˱ؼҹꡣ
еɣԼĶǲǳ⣿
Ҷ֮ı֣ôҲǺ˵˰
νзΪ㹻ɣҶ׶ôĿľΪʲôأ
˰죬Ҳûס
ؼҹ꣬ǲеˣʵϾ˱⻹ûг׸һʲô飬ô
ʵϣ󿭶ڰĽչҲǱȽģмί߶Ҳˣ֪˱Ͽ϶⣬ڱȽصľ⣬˵²ʲôģʵɹģ϶⣬ʲô¶
Ҷ˵ĻҲ⣬¶Ͼ˺ܶ˹עģΪŹ˱ؼҹ꣬ʲôģθôأ
󿭷ǳɣʱҶ˵ǽǷԸôģôİţ
Ҫǳ󿭿ɾƺҲϴˡ
뵽Щ⣬󿭾ͲɵЩȽϽŵصһԼԼ侲ת˺ܶȦ֮󣬲õرʾֻһξҪмίóǾÿԵĻҲԣǾҲ֧֡
ȻֲмίȻʡίί˫쵼ҵרίҲӦóغͱ֤ǰ참ĶԣһǷǳȷġԣǵĽֻǽ飬мίͬ־ҲҪʲôװ󣬰ѹòҪġ
Ž󿭻ǾЩδ˵Դ˴ͬ־ǣǵ̬һǺȷģȿ϶Ҫȵģܹβõģʵûа취ȡӦĴʩҲǱġ֮ܶǿŴɣίҲãҸҲãͲ̬ˡ
ǰؽôһͨ˵Ķǳꤻһˣ㲻˼ҶھУȻ׽󿭵ĸ
Ϊʡίǣ½ʡίίȻԼαģҲϣԼ;ܹߵøԶȻˣͲ̫˳λɲеܿӡ
Ļһμʹ˹˱Ҳδؾܰѹ˳Σʱ鷳ȴ޾ģΪʡίǵĹ˳ǣҪ鷳̫ˡ
ҶΪмίǣԵ黹һЩΪίǣȴ׵壬ѱܵÿǹ
˵ˣ˳ʡܴ󣬸һϺȣ󿭾ҪˣỹҪٽһʲôģǼǲܵ顣
һԱȺڻ㲻õĻҪҲǱȽѵġ
Խ󿭴ʱǼϣҶ˹˱ȥǹ˳ȴֵĹ˱Żȥ֮ٳһЩĻӻǻ䵽ϵġ
ЩҶɵЦˣ˵飬ǻҪԸĻù˱ؼҹҲǿԵģϾ׼·ӣڱأӦóʲô⡣
ҶֲȻˣҪֹ˱Ƚ׵һЩмί߶ҲʲôɣҪؼҹꡣ
飬֪ˡ󿭵˵ͷӦһ
󿭴Ժ뿪֮󣬾ȥˡ
Ҷ뿪ȻҲûлתк˾ʤҲ뿪ίԺ
쵼Ҫȥʤųʵ
ȥһ˶ʡίطǡҶ˵Ȼسί¥һ˶ȥһεŰݷãܲÿȥ
ʡίеʰɣʤˣ;еԾ
¶ȷʵеʣʡί񶼲ʲô׵ģǸʡί;ЩˣϾʡίרץЩģ˵ȥ˾Щֵֹġ
һطǷ˴ȥǿɾӴˡ
û¶ҲҪʲô͵ġҶ˰֣Ϊػش
ͨҪط϶ģҶ񣬾ͲôԴˡ
ΪмίԶǿصĸɲطǵǰǳʣ϶һϢҲǱȽͨģ֪Ҷĸס
ȻҶڳϸԶд˵绰󣬾͵õ˷ǳȷĴ𸴡
ǹȥɣǵءҶ˵绰Ͷʤ˵
Ŷʤӣһ·ʡί
طǵ͵ˣҶ֮̾ӭ
Ҷãڰ칫ҡӭ˵ȻҶطǵİ칫ңȻ˲裬ĵ˳ȥ
Ҷͬ־ôҪطҶ֣ɳϡ
ȻˣʡίĹȻȽϷæȽ϶࣬Ͼ°ӿ֮꣬ԴҶڸĹӣǱȽϸߵĲϣˡ
죬طǸմӾǿЩûüȥ
Ҫˣܵݷһϼ쵼˳˵СҶشȻ˹ݸط
ǺǣʲôôأطЦŽ˹ȥЩʵ
ҶﵹҲ򵥣һȥܹûأҲ֪ʲô
طǿ˿²͸Ҷʲô˰ɣûʲô壬˰ɣط϶ǲյģȻ˵ҶıҶңҲǿȱȡġ
ŶȥɶڵɽΣмʮķݶͷˡҶ˵˵үǷѣùȥҩһɡ
ɶɽΰǿǺöطˣȻЩݣллˡ
طǵϸףѾʮ꣬Ƿѣոȥ˴ڻָڡ
ͣĻܶ˻ԻָҲȽϷѾ
ƫƫطǹæûжʱ˸ǰТһֱΪ¶ţҶͶãŪ˼ɽιȻܻӭ
طǴ˰װ˿ȻҶ͸ɽΣϵĴͬƷȽмҪڼʮ˵ˣȷʵһݶȽϺص
ҳ⼸ɽ֮⣬һЩƷǻǮ򵽵ĺöطΪݡ
ݶ̫ˡط̾˿͵ģһ治ա
Ҳط֪Ҷĸף֪ҶҲҪͼʲôҲ֪ҶǮԲŻĻǺҪҲǸӲС
ŵһ߶طʵмίĹ˳ɣ
аɣ꣬ҴһƶȷԵ㣬ϣʡܹ֧һ¡Ҷش
ŶʲôԵطˣȻǳȤ
ҶһܣңԼʡίطҲ֪׼ʲô


542 ˻
д㣬г˻Ҷ˵
˻طˣȻЩȤʲô
һֶַζѣھܻ߷ġҶ͵
ν˻ǵԱɲר˻ּõԱ쵼ɲͨϽܵ޷˻ػ򲻱˻صֽм֤ȯٽɣȱٷԵĵԱɲ
˻Ͻģʵڽйزڻᡢᴦ˻ֽܵм֤ȯ֧ƾ֤ƷƷȣʱϽΪܻߣ׷ΡҶطԼ뷨
е˼ƺ鲻ð찡ط֮󣬾Ϳʼĥ
ίһǱȽϵ͵еģȥƶһƶȵĸı䣬ȷʵȽѡ
ھ÷չܿ죬ԱȨ̰ΪҲԽԽձˣмڴˣҲڲƳһЩθΪķԣЧ΢
ڵǣߣжԲߣоһߣǾоԲߣ̰ڲ߲Ҳǡ
ȽϸӣžõĿٷչ˸ʴɲԽԽ࣬ЩҪܣеǱˮģ˻һгġҶʾмί϶ߣʡί߶ҲóȻƶмίһ£ӦǱȽϺʵġ
ط֮΢һ£˵ͷ
Ҷ뷨ҲЩġ
س̨ķٴУЩȷʵûвԺԣʽأЩ˲ƣָӦĹȱʵЧԣЩΪĳЩԱȡʱ̣𲻵ãȺڵĲ
һ棬ϰնԳܵС
ΪҪӸܣֻϸļලƣֶκĳδʩ֮⣬ЩιۡԼżලϹʽν¾ٴ룬ܴӸϽ⡣
ϰնڷ¾ٴǻźɸֵĸ飬һ鵤ҩѸ١ȫؽָɾ
ط棬Ҷ˻飬Ǻͬ
ЩƺͦеģҪĻȷʵЩѶȡ
ΪĳЩٴȷʵڻʵڶԷҲ⡣
ǣһǶЩġʵЧķ¾ٴ뻹ӦøֵĿݺ֧֣һӴ
ԶҶ뷨طǳֿ϶̬ȣȻҪġ
Ե֮һҹķҲһϵͳ̣ȻӸҪƶȽ裬ĿǰҪƶȡලһ١طŶҶ˵һƶǷУ֮ЧҪʵ顣һලʽǷУ֮ЧͬҪʵ顣˻룬Ȼݲ㣬ڵطθܵʵУӦûܹһĻõģĳһ׶εרʹãÿ϶Ҫڷá
Ҷˣ˵ͷΪط˵ĺеˮƽǱȽϸߵġ
ʵʡڵĺܶ౾ɲǣʵ֮绹еģȻҲλĸɲǴʱڣµĸɲһЩܵıҲԽСԶûкôձ顣
ʵкܶ飬ϰ߳ȻҲġҶ뵽ĳЩ飬Щпضط˵ͱ˵ڰɣŸ쵼꣬ҲһϴͳҪŰݷãܲ˼ȥԹ˾ͽһԶԣ쵼Ŀ϶ҪȺ٣γһԵȡȻ󣬾һ˳Ĺϵɴ˶ˡ
ʱڣķҲȽϼ򵥴ַţܶ쵼ɲģǼܲסŵ˶࣬кܶǮ棬ֱֽӾͶ쵼Ժ档
飬˵ܵĸԴȫ쵼ҲǲԵģٺܶ˲ȥҲϰߣһϰ߱Ǳôͱˡ
˵òطЦָָҶ͸ɽΣⶫ˵ջǲհɣ
ҶҲЦȻ˵Ҿ˵˻бҪ
طȻںһⶫȻ˵ֵȽϸߣΪҩƷȥĻҲô¶ҪǲгĻ˲θܲļֵҲֻ࣬һǴԪһ峦кġ
ҶȻ˻뷨ֶΣҲȫаյġ
ǵ˻ƳҶҪߡӣʵʵеЧ˵ܺãһȳЦ
ϰնԴ˸еʣΪͼ첿Ϊһð취ڵԱɲرǶԵԱ쵼ɲ𵽺ܺõľʾãΪԱ쵼ɲɿͨһͨ
ʵҲвĸɲ괺ڼڵȴͳĽգյ¸Ծػ򾭹˼붷˻ˡ
һʱ䣬طõ˻ϣп롣
ʱһ˻𽥱ˡ
ԭȻͻ߿ˣһǲģȫƾģ˼飬Ҳ޷飬ԲЧ˭˭δɻ򲻽ɣͼ쵥λҲûʱһʹ˵˷¶ߡ
ΪεǣҪĹԱ̫̫ȥɵ˻ϣ鷳ӷա
֮˻û𵽷̰ԤӦá
ʵϵʱٻĸ̰١߹Ͻɿˣ鷳Աܡ
Ӻ·̰е˻ٽɣòȡʱ̰ٳ٣񣬲ܻߡʵǰĿŵС¸ȥϽ˻ĳ쵼ڽǮǰҡ¹죬Ͻٶ١
ʵЩֻ£˾Ĵʽ𣬾һȥ
⣬طҶ˺ܾá
ϾǴˣмίĶĻ˻ܹΪͼ칤һġطҶ˵ҪĻ͵óһЩҪõģϸڷҪǵλҪΪϰտһ෹Ц
ط룬ҶȥˣϾ˼Ϊʡί쵼һĳģҲΪҶǰ;ǵģҶý
ط˵˵ĻĻȫ䶯ģȻڲϢ˳ʱǸýѾȽϽȫˣҶϵͳǿӰ߽괺ڼ䣬мίΪһˡ
ǵָʾҪǻᴦģϣиɲǵĴڣһ͵ĴڡҶʾ
šط˵ͷ˲豭


543 Բ
Ҷط뿪֮󣬲ûгʡίԺ
ֱȥʡίɽͬ־Ǳ߶ȻɽΡ
̫˰ɣɽͬ־Ҷ͹ʱЩզ
ԭЩǺ⣬ֻ˵岻ãȥʱŮɽΣͷ۸ȴǺܸߣɽͬ־֪֮󣬻˵Ǽ䣬˼˵˵ⶫ۸̫ߣѲ
ʡԱУɽͬ־һȽ
ڻ㣬سίֻ㣬Ļ㣬¹úҤڹúڴ¿ɽҲίȻִӹҲίֱӻص˺Ӷʡ
ɽͬ־İҲûи⻯һʼڻ㹤ͨһݣȻʹ˲ˣȴ˲ë
ɽͬ־ĶŮǴھǹгģԾһЩӪƷТϣֻɽݳӪƷǲܵ
Ϊɽͬ־ʶɽΣ֪ⶫЧȷʵǳãǼ۸ͷǳˣҶù֣¶меı
ȥɶʱԼڵģҪ˵ҲȷʵأⶫվǸ˳Եģ㲻гͨĻҲô¶Ҷ˵ǣطּ࣬һղȥҲţϸҲãԾͲˡ
иʴɲɽͬ־֮Ц˵
ǽˣȻԼȥ淭һӣҶһӲҶҲϷְͬѧ͸ҵģ˵ҶȤȱȱֻŵ룬͸ˡ
Ҷˣ򿪺ӿ˿Ȼǳն
װּֽӦʮĲƷӵǺҵģ⵹ǺѵõĲҶˡ
ǣҿɲաҶҶ˻ȥϵؾܾ
Ϊʲô㲻Ȳ裿ɽͬ־еΪ档
ҶľٶȷʵеԤϣ˵ɽͬ־һвҶǺģҲʾͷƽʱƷҶȻգ˸еˡ
ҲǲȲ裬ֻҶе̫ˡҶشҪˣǿɾմˣֳնڵļ۸ȻܸߣǹʮңۣҽԼŰɡ
ⶫɽ֮Щš
նҲȹֻûʲôоѣӡһֻǮȴǹϺüˣͬѧ͵ⶫҲһزѣֵʲôǮ
һ仰үүĲ裬նǺųƿڵĹŶֵȻơҶ͵նԽԽԽԽмֵеĳն۸Խгƽļ۸ˣն裬Ȼ꣬ȴҲǳѵãгֵԺܸߡע⿴һ£Ǻһ¨ӦӲҲ߿˵۸ڲ˵ǹʮң۸ͬȷĻƽ۸屶ҡ
ô㲻ǻϺɣɽͬ־ˣʱȵ˵
ǺǣնԽԽ㣬ⶫûбڣκβҶܱȵġʱⲻܵնĳ»Ҫʱ䡣õնںõԭϼʱĻۣնļ۸ȻԹˡҪϵЧӦļ۸񳬹ƽ۸ʮҲпܵġҶЦŻش
Խ˵Խ׶ˡɽͬ־ЦЦ˵ȥĶջȥĵⲻɽ˵ľ¾ˡ˵ˣնܹ۱Ȼƽ𣬿ɽΣͬǼ۱Ȼƽ
УȻô˵ҾˡҶ˵ͷûϾ
Ҫ˵նļ۸ԼʮŻᱻ˳ﵽһ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣȻնҲȽϰȴûôߵ׶
ҲҶܹ֪ⶫȻںĲۣԺ۱ȻƽȻƽļ۸ߡ
˽֮󣬾˵
Ҫ˵˰ҶҲࡣɽͬ־ȻЩп˵Ǿǰ²裬ǾǷ˼ʮĳնˣʱǹ÷ɿ죬ôʱ򣬻úҤء
ǵǺ˼ҶЦʱڽڷչԺиֵ֣ǰ²裬Ƿ˼ʮĳնļֵ˭Ҳ治˭ġ
ɽǿ˿ҶЦŵ˵ͷͬ˵
ʵֻλܹζ˵С
Ҷʳ¯²裬µĺܣҶµĽҲ죬⼸δµʱ򣬻϶Ǽ죬䡣
ɽͬ־ǳնȻ²ɽ¶ˮڲ֪֮䣬Ͱ˻ζϣղ̾µַϵ
λյһȴǸǧˣɽǾãԼҶôʱ򣬿ûֶεģҲǸпҶҹȻǳ˲Űһһʱ˽ܣ
²ľȽϳ壬ȵʱҪݣܹеζֻ޷ʼն޷ζϡɽ˵
ȻҪ˵ĿζˡҶʾ͸Ⱦһеϲյӣеϲƣеϲϰ׷ھƣеϲͷ
ɽ˼Ҷ˼Բ£²Ҫֱ̫̫壬Ҫעⷽʽ·򣬺׾ͳģνۡ
Ӧ˵ɽҲһ⣬ǽ鲻˼Ҳø̽Щġ
ȻˣҲпǿǼɽεϣϾⶫ岻ܹǮ㣬һ
ҶԼԼ飬̫ˣԹٳһ·򣬶ԶЧģҲ޷õģҪȺСһͳֵĻͱҪԼһװ취
ҶɱϵʵΪ˽ԼĴƸͣȵҶѾӦҶǵҵҵ֮ҲͲҪצˡ
˱飬ôˣɽҲ˵˼䣬ƺижȻת˻⣬ʵ˹˳ǸǵĶӣ˱ϡ
Ͼ˱飬Ҳ˲Ŀһ飬ںܶ˶ڵſҶЦϾһмίҪʡίǵĶ֮Է²ô򵥵顣
Ҷڲ²⣬˳Ǹʲôʱᷢ쭣ðϵëͷСӣƷ
ɽȻֱӹʴ£ǼȻҶҪһģ飬ʵҲһ档
˱ŶҪĻؼҹҲʲô¶Ҷش
ŶɽˣоһȻ뵽Ҷٶı󣬵ʲô֡


544 ֪ȦҲ
ɽҲֻһ䣬ҶĻش֮󣬾Ͳˡ
˱ݱȽУϾӹ˳ʡίǣĴΪոִƺӶʡȨɽǣʱ͸һ֣Ҫ¹˳ǵӡ
չ̶ֳȵĻƻʡһ̶ȵķԼִǼΪġ
ȻˣйעµķչȴǷǳбҪġ
ҶְԼ˻뷨ɽǽ˽
ںܿǴˣᣬһ£ЧΣҶ˵
Ŷ鰡Ȼطͬ־ѾͬˣôȻֹɵġɽǵͷƶȽǺҪģҲǳ壬ϣܹĳԡҪʡί֧֣ţҲǿʵһġ
ɽȻҶĹʾͬͬҲ޶ȵġ
Ͼ˵˻ɽҲãطҲã֧֣˶죬Ҷ룬˵Ļ϶ǲ˱̬ġ
ҶɽҶһ£Ҳʲô飬ȫѹ
ңɽԼ˻뷨ǲģֻǲ֪ʵЧζѡ
ÿ굽˴ڡȴͳգǺܶ࣬ЩǿԾ֮ģЩ͵Դˣⲻڸʴ쵼ɲǵ˼룬ͬʱҲӰǵľÿʱڶͷʹޱȡ
˵Ҷܹ鷳Ļͬ˿϶Ƚ϶ࡣ
ٳϵӣеԴҪеȴԴҪЩ˾֮⣬˻ܹ̰ܿĺͲ̰ģμ
ɽǶԣֹɵġ
ž
֣ң
˱űȵͨգŹ˳ʵ
Ӷʡίǹ˳һһŮӹ˱ϴŹ˳ǵںӶʡ˵µĹ˾ĶƤ⣬Ĺ
⼸Ӷʡľ÷չٶ൱˱ᣬǵ˲ʵݣ˵ҹڣһĴ󸻺
Ŷʱ򸻺ȷʵһҪ֪Ϊ˹а׵ıȶǴģҲʮԪҶѡ
ȻˣҶθҲܶ࣬Щ϶Ϊ֪
߶ҲһЩԸԸͷ¶棬Ƹ̶Ҳ̫׶˱ģܹڼ굱оͳΪ򸻺ˣ϶ĳһ֧·չģС
˱ȻҶ˼죬ĥòˣǸջؼҾͱӹ˳Ǹݺݵسһ⣬ȻҲǺܲġ
ôЩ˳Ǻʱ
ľ˶˳еԹڵסģɫܲղŵһƣǺķȫȥġ
ʱ˱ɫǸѪӡӣͬѪһԣƺü춼˲ˡ
˱;Լеˣһƣ˼
Ҫ˵˱棬ҲеҵģϾмίץ˽ȥһؾô죬Ȼ˵ֻǼ򵥵ʼ⣬ҲûʲôʩǱмί˫Ǻܾ˵顣
һζʱ˱ϵ϶ˡ
ʼʱ򣬻Ըͨ籨ţǵ˺˵Ҷ̿ŵмίҲû˸ٲˣ͸ù˱һĨڣȫ֪ʲô顣
ȻӵϿԿӹ˳ǵȻһ糣ûܵԼӰ죬ǹ˱㷲֪ʲôʱͻǣס
Ļ˼Ҿǳˡ
ͷӣӣôˣ㻹ôݣͲ´ô˳ǵİ˶ʱͲˣѶ§˹ȥ
ôһޣŪù˳ǵҲ
һ̣һϣȻôˣݺݵһڽȥô̼תһȦŻ˳ȥ
ʱ̲ݵϢƺ¶Ҳ΢һ
һε鷳ˡ֮󣬹˳ǲ
ˣ̧ͷЩʵô鷳¶Ѿ𣿡
ȻмίѾѹ˱˻˵ؼҹ꣬Ӧ˵ⲻˣмίǱ߶׷ˡ
ͷӵ˼ƺ¶û꣬еЩ֡
鲻ô򵥡˳ɳϣԼ۾
۾еۣѹҲеߣʱ򣬾ͻܡ
Ȼôº˳޳һ費飬һվǱǣ˸棬Ҳôˡ
Ͼ¶ӹ˱ǽָηҲǿóġ
ҶһмίǣҪû˸ƾʲô¸ͬΪίίίǹʿȪ͸о־ֳѧ˼
棬ί쵼ƻ𣬱ܹ˵⡣
оʡίʡί߶ʡίɽͬ־ʡίطͬ־ҶǳĬ̬ȵģͲܲù˳Ǹе衣
ڵĺӶʡɽ¥˳˵Ƕ֮ƫƫⲻĶǳ鷳˭ãƫƫȥҶ֪ʲô
һмίôѣںӶʡҪ첻ɣ˱Ȼ˳һƺݵģҲһЩˣ˹˳ǵĻЩмػش
ڹ˱ӹ˳ǾӪӶʡ꣬ȻһֱûλʡʵȨȴǺܴģҸɲкܶ඼ΣӰٹ̣Ҳ˳ôݺ᲻ܵҪԭ
ԲţһõССмίǣܹʡίǡӶʡٳԵһ˵ȨԹ˼ҹʲôʵԵв
ſⲻҲûа취ҷų𣿡˱˵
˳һ䣬ڻûпʵҶȦ𣿣
Ȧף˱͹˳ǵİˣһ㶣ԡ
˳̾˿˼ҪľԲֻ˱ׯ轣־湫˼ҪԸͷӰ
ôĵӣ˱ˣҲţһмίǣȻҪʡίǸ
ȻǷؼҹ꣬ϣ⣬øǽһµĽڣ˳Ǻߵˣã㲻ܣ˼ҲῴҶԴµ̬ȣұĻϾͻ˳Ըˡ˵һͷβȦף
ô죿˳ǵİһʱͼˣСѾؼˣ˵Ѿ˼ҵȦϹôͲֹң
ƱˣѾûѡˡôѡǱӦԵģǶ㲻ˡ˳Ǻһҹ˳ҲģһƿСҲҪ˼ɣ飬֪ȦףҲ꣡


545 ǿࣿ
Ҫô죿˳ǵİȻЩġ
Ȼ˵˳ںӶʡȷʵӵкܴǷȫĻһʡɲ㲻ʲôˡ
׿ʵӰ˵ֻںӶʡڲʡʵְɲкüλ˵ʡĸɲǾ͸ˣкüʮλϸϸɲǴڡ
ƽʱ˼ҿ˳ǵܴ󣬿浽˹ؼʱ̣Ͳòһ£ļҪʡڼλְԱȣǴ첻ġ
ʱڣɽͬ־ǡʡһץȨƴﵽ˶塣
ûΪӶʡһλʡ֮ǰɽͬ־ûܹԼģҲ˳Σյʱڡ
ƫƫ˱ʱǵҶͷ࣬
Ȼ˵ڹ˱ҶŻ꣬ǹ˳ǵͺҶһֶ൱Ưп˵ƫƫûʲô취
ǹ˱ûбҶŻĻ˳кְܶ취ù˱˳ӣȻ伣
Ļ˳ǲû¶һܷҧһڣҶѹ˱ȫװһݺӣǹ˱˲ˣ޶֤֮ˣô˵Եġ
ڹ˱ؼˣξܵ˹˳ͷˡ
ݶӳӵĻʡίҲ͸ɵͷˣ˭Ҳס
֮ģƾмίĵ飬ֱԼɹ鶼һ飬ҳԸ˳Ƕ֤ݣ˽¡
϶вͨģ˳Ҳ֮ô⣬ȴǻûҵʲôð취ѵ˵Ҫڹٰ֮ѹ˱ͻȥ
Ļ˳ںӶʡţҲǳɨأûʲô˿ڹ˳ǵ֮ˣΪǾͱѾȫʧȥ˶ԾƵƿء
ʵʵڼɡʱ˳Ҳû뵽ʲôõĶԲߣ뵽˶ԲߣҲܸ˱˵
˳ǵĻ˵ŸӣǳһͷԣǽЩţֻлûкôˣ粻˵ʡġ
ƣ¶ʮүҪ죬Ժ£½籣ƽ
߶ķףҲ˱ף˵⼸棬Ҫ˵ǡáȼԣ˵û˷Ļ
ҶȴǴԼ˾˳ίļλͬ־˻οȺڡ
οȺڣҲǶͳˣοʵĶݵͬ־Ⱥڡ屣һЩȵȡ
ίǽ󿭡гľݡίлسмίҶ⼸λǴһͷȥοʵȥж
Ҷ䵽ͬ־һ顣
˼Ҷ˸֮󣬲ɵЦ
ô˼ˣʤЩʵ
ΪҶԼѡ˾ʤ;оϵͳص㣬ҶİףЩȻͲǰ˵
ϸɲѴ򷢵һȺˣοʶûԸǴ󵹿ˮɧҶ˵û뵽Ҳ湻ģȻˡ
˵ҶէֳȻҲӦòμӣһ͸ôѸһȴеˣͷһ룬ĻӦ䣬䣬ͷû¶һ
ҶͬмίǣЩͷ̫̫Ƿӳ⣬ǲǵĻҪġ
Ȼһ·߹˷ɧˡ
ҶᣬЩͷ̫̫ǼϲúܣҲ˵֮ǰҶİԵ飬;λмίǻǺܲġ
ɧɧûʲôΪ
ȻصίԺ󣬴;һԷ
ĴʦһλͱȽϴ󣬾˵˶ʮˣڳĻȻϡĨһ
˺ʱ˵¶ʮүү죬⼰壬ǰ⿪ԣصۼҹ꣬´
˾Цίǽ󿭾ͱʾǵصҥʵСʱҲ顣
ʱӱȽϿ࣬Ҳǵʱ򣬲ܳϵ֥ǣүү̵ĸЩп˵
˵УҲҶǰûжٸп˻϶ǵͷǣ׷׸ͣʾЩı仯ȷʵܴϰյƺܶˡ
лسһЩãǨҶѹһͷҲǺܺã˵е˵Ҳùˡ
ô˵˾ʵ
ݶ䣬ȴүҹֻڳѬţ㲻ԣڸɲˮȡԹһƽְλͣȴ̼޼漦ҲаԹȡлس˵òװ׻ƽܣإݼ٣ϦϷϰࡣǼ룬ʴ˵ҵĻ죿Ļ⣬ȴճĹضǹϣдʣإ죬û˵ԡע⣬Ѹײڶ֮ÿճס޵죬ǿ಻ԡʣµǣ᲻öؼҷ
ˣʱЦˡ
ôʦˣϲˣǹһ̶
ǺǣָϣĹϲ¥ίǽһǹϣЦŶ˵
Ҳ׷Ч£ҶҲ⡣
ֻǹûʲô󰮣Ҳ֣лسǹϲûгԡ
ƺлسע⵽ҶڿЦ˵ˣɶˣǹҵǰԣ͵İҵճ
ҲͦðǴǾӭҲǺõġЦ
󿭸лسʶˣҲ˵Ц
˵ɣһͺüٿǮأǾӭµĴۿе󡣡лسش
гľݾͲ˵л˵еȥһ˶˲ۣгϵҩƷ۸ǷȽϴѾӰ쵽ܶͥˡ
ҽ𣬿ЩĻȷʵܶ࣬мͥ𲡣ҲҪԴġҲЩдΪίǣҪԵҲܶ࣬һתѾΪ˰ƸĸԵ֮һĹǷǳ޵ģеǷܹŵסѹҪˣľгҪġ
Ҫ취ԴӦȥӦûǿԵġľ˵¶ҲüͷҵͶ룬϶ܴܵӰ죬ʱͽص򣬾ͱˣѶȷʵȽϴ󡣡
˰˵úǳ鳾ǵطֵĲ˺ܶ࣬ƱػӰ쵽ǹҵϵͶ룬ҵ׵塣
϶ԽĲ϶ǳŲġ
Ҷһǹϣһ£;е𣬵ϸҰһ죬ȴ־ǹϵĻζЩɬ
кȻһ˰ƣʵҲǹϲ࣬ȷʵǺ¶֮ĺܶ鷳ȴ޷ġ
󣬾ǿ࣬治½ˡ


546 ǶʲôƶȽ
ǴٽĹϵƽʱòĳίǣЦȻһԷ˵ȥһŶ
ҶǴڼʲô𣿡󿭿Ҷһۣʵ
ؾǿǣȥתһȦҶشȻʵί߶ǲҪһ쵼ֵҶʵ
仰˼ܼ򵥣ֵֵʱһ£ʱҪݼˡ
ԸľгһؾˣûлȥˣҲҪȥġ˵
Ŷǵǿͬ·ˡҶ˵ͷ
ҶʵûиľͬеĴ㣬ϾҲԼĴ㣬Ҫ鿴ĸȻٻؾǹ꣬ȵ˳֮ٻתӶʡ
ľݿ˿Ҷ浹ǶһȽϸȤ
Ҷһؾ뷨ľݵûϾŮбҲܴȻҶʮңվһĻǲܴٱҶίίվһʱ򣬸ӵǶԡ
һؾĻҪʲôԷˡ
лسͱʾмίոŪǸ˻飬ҶͻȻڵĻ᲻᲻󷽱㣿ûֳָĻ˵᲻޷ơ
˵ʵڻлس˻ûʲôõĸо
ڣ޷ģе˲ϲе˾ϲлسҶôһֶȫ˲Ϊٶ𣬲֪Ҳ׹󣬿Ǳ˻һСҪġ
ڵˮƽ˵쵼ʣʲôģ
˵ûһ룬˭ѾλӣҪ쵼أΪ
߻ô룬ǴˣΪ˸Լλ˳ƶѣΪһҪģЩ󶼳̰١
ʵˣҲлسҶʲôͿ͸顣
˻ûʲôõĸо
ʱ⣬Ҳ޷ŲһҶȻСӸãܷ֮ܲƨɾͻؾ˰ɣ
˵ˣлسҲԼ뷨ʲôģϾΪƳƶȵĵˣίҶܹܲñٰ죬Լɡ
Ȼ˵ѹסҶҪҶλǸҶǿ԰쵽ģʱлس⣬оţҶǹˡ
л顭֮󣬶Դ˻ǱȽϹעģҲҪ˵ʲô
Ҷ˻ȷʵǼͼ칤һȫ³ԣȻЩѽ⣬Ǿ˵ʡҶľٴǳ̨֧ģôȻҲûʲôԵ
ֻ󿭵Ҳеǣ߻ʲô
ϾҪøɲǽ̵ķ³ƺѶȺܴѽ
󿭱ǲôҶ¾ٴģҲǱʾͬѡ
˵ʵڻίȻûʲôķ󲿷ֶҶΪǻȡѣ˻𲻵ʲôЧãҲһ־ѡ
ȻˣôҶſЦˡ
лسĽ飬󿭾ûǺеģҶ룬Լȴܻؾˣһֳʲô鷳˭еΣ
ȻίǣȴôеˣҲΪӦԼΣϾֻҶĵ
ҶȴûиַӵĻᣬֱӾͲ廰˽󿭵ĻлǵĽ飬Ǻõģȴǡ
Ŷ
ţ

ļλίίǶȻ洫ĸ־̾Էӳڵˡ
ίǽ󿭵ȻЩģΪҶĻ
лسͬЩģΪҶȻһӶʵҲ룬ƾʲôҪҶľ籾ݳأ˼ҶɲôᣬƾʲôҪİţ
лس˵ֻûаʲô˼ҶȻɫ
˵гľЩ죬ΪʲôҶ˵ô壬ȫûбҪ󿭺лسֵúܲĻҲҶϼ쵼еӡֵģٶǡ
ȻˣҶݱȻҲǳھǣȴʲô֮Уʮгȫϼ쵼ʶҵƶ
˵ˣľûлؾǣȻҶھеı֣֪굱λ߹٣ȻҶҵĵ̳ˡ
һĻͲ᲻ףҶȫûпЩɫıҪˡ
ΪҶ־ڴˣǶԣֻһСţĳУеȨΪһЩֵüĶȴίȫǡ
Ϊĳˮʵ̫ǳˣȫɲҶ
ҶҲûʲôӣֱӵرʾ˵ҲڵĻ˻ж޷ȥôʲôҪأ
ţ⼸仰֮ľЩ˼
˻һڵƶȽĳԣҪƶȽбϵĳԣҸ벻ڣûжĹϵҶ˵ǵĺܶɲϰ쵼־Ϲ˵Ķ벻ԣΨзӣǺܲõһªϰΪͼɲҪ֤ǣһƶ֮󣬲ΪҵĲڶϢõƶҪܵסʱļġԣҴ뿪ǣҲҪһеļͼɲǣǷֵΣǷܹԵסǵְ𡣡
ҶĻ֮󣬼˶ʱĬˡ
лسֱἫˣ޳СˣƿСԴ
ʱҶӡǻ˼㣡
ΪһϰյľǣǹϣǶǰ谡
Ҫ֪˵ǣһҪͼǶӦ棬ǲܵ飡
ʲôƶȽ裬޷ǾڳôһҪѰˣ
Ҫؾǹڣȴֲ뱻ָժҵ׳ʲôƶȽȻ˵Щǣǰ㲻Ҫѱ˶ɵϺòã
ļλһͲ󣬼ʶ࣬űߵ·࣬ԹαԹ׶ࣿ
ֻҲҪҲڶ渶һѣҪȻ˵ĻûǸӡ
Ҷǵ˵Ҳегľһ˵
ʵҶôһ˵ǾЩͬģ쵼ɲãӦǾߣָ쵼ɲҲʱ̶صĻҪƶʲôҪʲô
Ȼˣ滹һ⣬ƶȽ÷ǳõĻҪ쵼ʲôأ
ìܵһ⣬Ѱҵ𰸣ҲľݵЩԻ
ҶĻҲ˵ֻҶʲôƶȽ谡
ˣ̫һЩ
˵ĲûгãҶͽӵһ绰ɫʱ
ôˣ󿭿ҶɫҲɵúһ䡣


547 
Ǳ߶˵飬ҵøϽȥҶǳÿ
˿֮󣬶Щ졣
ҶǵӡһǱȽϳȵģȻ˵ŵʱŵúܣǸʱҲһڴµʱ򣬱Ƚŷ
ҶɫȻñȽȷʵ˸е
ӦҶͶԽ˵ǣȱһ£ʡһطǺɽǴк
ŶȻ飬æȥɡ󿭵˵ͷ÷Ҳûʲô飬ڼҲ쵽ˣҶ뿪Ҳûʲô¶Ǹ˻顭
˻飬мί߶Ѿר˸صѾʼˡҶʾϵ棬в岥ר⡣
򵥵ظ˵䣬Ȼͼ˳ȥ
ˣΪǴѩ񺽵ķɻܲɡҶŵʱ飬һ
ллʡֱȥҶش
ȵҶ֮˶֪Ǳ߶ʲô飬ҶﶼҪҴҵظϻȥȷʵе档
⻹ڼءлسȻ˵һ
˼Ϊ쵼ɲôҲüֵż߰ɣҶͻȻΪ˲֪ʲô˽¶뿪ɲʲôõı֡
ҶҶʱǾ仰еԾȻܹʡֱɲһĹϵܹ쵽ġ
һ仰˵ʡ쵼ҪõĻҲǰкУһּ𹻸ߣĹϵõ쵼ܹ쵽
Ҷߵʱ˵̫ˣںܶ˶ţȻôı£ʡҲõô˳֡
˼м¶ǿġ˵
Ϊίǣ㹻֮Ļ˵ôϼ쵼Ҳ˳۵ġ
гľҲֱüͷҶΪʲôȥҴң
ԭţԸҶؾģ˳ҲܹһҶĵӣǾһŵӵܣȻ˵̣ھȻᣬȷʵЩź
лسȻ˻飬ҾãǺǻΪʲôҵǸо̤ʵ
ίίغлسһۣ治ޱĵ浱Ȼ̤ʵˣί˭֪лسȻ˵ûгʲô¶Ҫ˵ʲôģлسǳˡ
ֻǲܹ˵ģغҲȲ裬һǹϳŵţǸ̬͸ү࣬ǲⷢԵġ
гľҲ˼⣬Ҳû˵
ίǽ󿭿˿ң˵˭ҲǺǻҪԿźãҲʯͷӣʯͷˣ˭Ҳ֪
ίͳսɽ˽󿭵Ļ֮󣬽رʾеӣͳս˵ӴĶЩʹʲôģⲻ˵ģҪôȷʵͷʹϣ˻ܹһЩãĻҲʡĲ١
ڹڼɽĸдҲĶࡣ
Ǹͳսģӭܶ࣬ƷʲôҲⲻ˵ģϾӴЩ˵У󲿷ֶһλģһõλģ˼ҳֶ̫ᣬôҲһƷǷ񳬱⡣
Ĺ⣬ҲһЩȨģҲ˲飬ֻҶ˻ܹתɽҲɺܶࡣ
гǿͶʾһ̶ȵķУʾһ²һ£Ҿе˲ˣδػЧ
˼ҲǱȽȷģ˻Ͽȷʵлģ䵽ʵĻͺˡ
Ͼ˭ԸյĲｻô֤࣬ǻͺܶˣ˸֤λۺģо˭֪㵽˶ٺôֻǽһСֳͷڼء
Ѳ⣬ǿܾһ¶ǿдʵ˵Ǿʵʩͺƫˣϰտܾ㣬Ҳܻ˾Щ쵼ɲĶǸܷӣܻ¸ⲻʲô¶
Ҳô˵ڼ㲻ҲΪ쵼ɲˮ羵غ˵ʱͬˣƶ࿪ʼˣģȻҲӦ˶˵ҪҾҶǵ˻ƶȣҲһЩġ
Ϊίغˮ࣬ԲгǿҶôų⡣
ʵϣΪϵͳϴغ¶Ƚϻӭ
Ϊ˻ôϵͳˡ
ͷûһҵôԵĻεͷ׷Ŷˣ֮Ļſȸ
Ҫ֪ʱڣϵͳڵȽҪھõӰ컹ǽСģʡһϵͳȻҲжӪĿǱȽվ淽Ⱥ塣
Ҷƽ壬Ҷİץ˻ᣬҲͻȻߣ˾ֳ֣ίǣǻʹȻˡ
غҶľٴǳֻӭ̬ȵģʱǿԣȻҪִ䣬Ϊһϵڣݲ˵
гľݴʱҲع˵ĳ֣϶ܵɵģȻǺõģֻҪִйעⷽʽҲʲô⡣֮ǰеһЩߣҲǶôģʱǰڷչʱһЩߣҲǺбҪġ
󿭵ͷʾʡѾ֧ˣȻҪ֧֣ϣҴڼһ⣬ʲôʲô鲻ҪȻĻȵмίֵʱ򣬾Ͳ˵ˡҶͬ־ڸܵ⣬൱ӵģᣬƢҲ壬һײˣҲ˵ġ
˼ͺȷˣϣҿԼţܺԼˣмίƳһߣһȺ˳ùͷĻΪίǵĽ󿭣Ҳû˵ʲôû
ˣ׷׳ǣгһϵ飬͸ɢȥ
ľ뿪֮󣬾ͷջص칫治ã绰ˡ
ãľݡľݽ˵绰˵
СݣϽؾһ˶߶д·绰Щȡ
ôˣְ֣ľˣʱվ
ͻȻӾǴ绰ؾȻֻΪ˹ѡ
ʮ𼱵飬绰治˵Ͻؾˣ˵ĻˣľݵĹڵ绰дߴٵ
ǡľݲɵЩɣ߶飬ǧͷгôÿ
ûпǣľݵĹȵ˵Ǵ£¹ǰ;Ͻ񺽹ƲͨˣץʱɣԽԽã
˵绰֮ľݲɵЩ治׵׾Ƿʲô飬ȻôȵҪȥ
Ȼ뵽Ҷ뿪ʱƺҲǽӵ˾ǵĵ绰ѵ˵


548 ɵȥ
ҶܿͽһͷĹ绰Ըмί˳ܰһ£мίĹ
ʲô¶͵绰ϵɣҪھǴһˡҶڵ绰˵
˳ܰǱ߶ǴӦúʹ󣬾ḻмίĹ֪Ҳûʲô¶ȻһڴӦ
ҶϵһʡǱ߶Ȼܿ͸㵽ֱ
ֱڶϣҶֽӵгľݵĵ绰
ľгʲôָʾҶʱЩĲɣгĵ绰Ҫӵġ
Ҷϵֱ𣿡ľʵ
ţϵˣСʱͳҶش
𣿡ľʵ
ھߣҶˣЩ졣
֮ǰľ˵Ҫڹ֮ǰŻؾģȴ֪ΪʲôͻȻǰˣ
ǰǼͻȻһȥ˵м¶ľݻش
Ҷһ£һҲʲôǾ͵ͷ˵ǺðɣʮӺίԺ棬װӰɡ
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˶ʮ֮Ҷ͸ľίԺˡ
ľݴһɫ޷ΧŰëһֻ䣬װƷʲôġ
Ҷ߶򵥣ʲôûд˾ʤųӵš
ľгϳɣȥԺͣƺҶľݴ˸к֮󣬾Ͷ˵
ã鷳Ҷˡľ˵
ͬ¡Ҷͷ
ӿúܿ죬ʮӺ͵˾ԺѾˣͣƺһֱǹ֣ǷֻͿʲôͱˡ
ʱдһɱϢбǹʿվڣҶʾԼ֤֮̾ͱУȻ˴ֱ߶
иУ߶ţҶ֮󣬾;˸ȻҲ˵ʲôֱ
ҶȻֱԴûʲôϡˣľȴǵһֱ
Ϊԭ򲻷ɾǣ̫ĻҲ鷳ҶȻ˵Ǵ˳ֱǱϾǼ׵飬ǷҶһ顣
ǰֱ𣿡Ҷʵ
ľҡҡͷҶ˵ʼʱ򣬿ܻеӦɾͺˡ
ľݵͷ滹еš
ֱɻʲôоֱɻأʵе˵ʵһĲ˽⣬Ϊֻȷʵࡣ
ľȻֱɻȥǴû뵽ҪֱɣΪֱôСܻ䰲ȫԡ
һξǼߵýƺʲô·ľҲżһλȥȻԽԽãֱĻСʱ͵ˣѡ
ȻˣҶ㣬ľҲ⣬һֱؾ
ʵֱͦȫġҶľݵָһЩף֪Щţͳ԰οǵһЩפԱڷ޻Ǳ߶У϶ǳֱǱ߶ֱɻ൱ǵĹԱǮֻҪűOKˡ
ľݵͷȴǺš
ʵҶ˵ûǱ߶ΪͨǺܷ㣬ǵȽ϶࣬Ϊ˳˳ضһЩСͻɻĻҲֱɻ֧߷ɻΪ
С֧߷ɻһԳԼ50ˣֱôˡ
ľҲע⵽Զֱɻȷʵ
ȥ֮󣬸оʮխ
˳Żλ˿Ͷ
һſԳ10ˣбҪ滹мԼˡ
ڳ˿м䣬Լһ׿ĿյϣһŰڷĿռ䣬ЩţȻǵڿзеʱЩᵽζӰ쵽ɻƽ⣬˵˿͡
λҲаȫʽģоеӦ˼ϵʽס
ľݹ۲һ£ֱβ幹ɣһ£鳯ߴ򿪣ĻͿ׵ȡ
ȻԸӻβ棬ǰӣһԱҲ
ɻʱλУʾҴ϶ףĿڱķӰ˵彡
׸е񣬵þʹྶͥˡ
ԱˣǾˣźķзֻЦҲ˿ͽ
ҪˡУ˵һ
ľݸоƽʱ񺽷ɻһǣֱɻܣԭŷļӴ΢ϼ¾뿪˵棬תһ½ǶȣȻȶķȥ
оֱķٶȲ죬ʱ̫бȽǿңһ
ֱʱɵҲߣҲʮ¥ߵӣʻԱôҲΪ·ǳϤԵʡ
ֹһӺֱͽи߶˺ܶ࣬ʱľݾ;Ұһӿˡ
ͷƫһԵϴͿоڽ¡
ֻǾﶼСֱ࣬Ļζ£еš
ԼһСʱңֱ͵˾ΧȷʵѩȽϴ
ֱٶҲٶȺ͸߶ȶ˵ԱϽ˶ͨѶ˵ĻȽרҵƺס
ѾǾǵˣйƱȽϸ񣬵øкҶԱ߶ľݽ͵
Ǹչִܾк𣿡ľЩʵ
չֹܾܾȫнͨúͨšӡ󡢺鱨ְֿܻܾչֿܾ֡չܾ֡չģվ֯ʽơơΪߵнͨϵȫϵͳԱˡ
Ϊ߶һչģľҲȥι۹ԶЩ˽⡣
ӡУֻҪϷɵģ϶ҪȸչִܾкĻɵʸûУҲǹΪʲôû˽˷ɻڵԭ
ǮɻҪ÷֤Ͳô׵ˡ
̹Ĭ̸Ŀʱⷽ󣬵ʱͬ־ͬ⣬ų˵һλ˽˷ɻ͹ҵҡ
¶ڵҲһ˽ֵ£̸á
ֻ͹֮Ĺϵ±仯˽˷ɻ飬ǻˡ
Ҷľ¶ʱҲǸпһ¡
չֲܾܾ쵼¿չģǺʵ޵ôҶ͵ͲͬˣշΧ֮ڣǶܵŵģһʲôжչִܾк˵޷ʲôģչܾҪʲôȽ飬þͬС
ľݵ˵ͷʾ⣬ҪȥģҶֱǱ߶һ£ȻԼֱǱ߶ȥ
˵ͷ֮ҶλԱʾ˸лȻȥϢԼɹĳӣֱӱίԺȥүӡ
ʱ̣Ҷүӿ϶ǱȽæµģҲǼүӷһЩ


549 ϲ
Ҷ˶үʱѾˡ
ڶүҶӽҲȻ
ӣҶӽѾɾ˾רβıܳνλȨأȻ˵һսӵ쵼Уȴɹ˾ίΪϽξίίԱǰλһ
򵥵˵ҶӽǷȫˡ
Ҷʱ򣬼⣬鶼Ƚء
Ϊίʵʸˣıܳ鲿ҪˣүӺҶӽԼ壬ʱڽŵһϵвá
ϵشзȥ´ﵽִеλ
ڽһҪעһ㡣Ҫ紫ʵźţҪвõ뷨ҪͻġҲоƿһоϢҶӽ绰ʱ򣬶үӾ￴
ҲԾ鲿ܵݣ˼ȥ
ͼ򵥶ˣΪԭϧȴᡣ
˵ҶӽҪȥľô崫ľǾ嶯ˡ
̨СҪ켸ٶǱ߶ɢһЩ̼ۣչʱ͵ǾòҪͻһ£۰ýҪܹעֲźżʱ
Ҷ˵˴ʮ֮󣬲Ц˳
٣СˣүЦһ۾ͿվҶɵýüͷſ˲١
үүã󲮺ããҺáҶ˴һͨк˵оպýţŵҶҽŶ
Ͻɣ͵ˡүӰڰ֣ʾҶϽ˵
Ҷ֮ʵ绰˵ϵôˣ
ǳ֮ǰҶյ崫Ϣڵ绰޵رʾϵ岻ãͻȻסԺƣǷתʱԤϣҪϽؾҶ̾Ͷˣ˳㻹ͬҪŻؾľݡ
ϵͲСˣһζһֱǺýصעĻ⡣
ÿηиͷȵģý϶£ǽ֮Ǳ߶ýܹעǧټƵͨ̽ϵĽȻڱֽýʴʣԴﵽԼɸ˵նĿġ
һΣƺŵʲôϢȻ˷ϲΣϢȻ󲨡
߶ΪýȽϲȺԭ򣬵ûдֻϲȦ棬ϢҲţֻǲٶѡ
Ȼˣʸ˽⵽ģᳬʮˣҶǰλȻʮ˵еλ
ѹֱ˶ۺҶҵԺգֻǶϢİգԼЩֶΣۺŹˡ
ҶҲͬܵķϵ彡ûôģΪҩҽԵˣδأֳһЩ鷳ҲΣĴ󲡣龪һˡ
ڴϢȻֹۣҶ͵Ϊ겡ϻ⣬ҽҲûʲôߣֻԿһжҪԼ컯
Ȼڻ֮УδѣҶܵġ
ģֻǷϸཻһҲǷ⿴أʱ㻹ھǱȽϺһЩиʲô飬ҲһЩүӶҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ϶ȷʵܲĲ˵ˣֻ⼸ÿ굽һ˶ͰҶƽܶæзڣͦеķչҶƽҪ˳չеľùҲô׵ġ
Ҫ˵ԼٳǷεģֻǷҲû뵽ҶôõˣһڶʱھԵʻ޳һж˵֮С
ҲҪܵģϼ࣬ȻʹˣǾþģŸġ겻⡣Ҷ˵
ʲôʱѧῴˣҶӽ˵
൹δأɫʲôģЩĵáҶ˵Ļ٣Ҳûзϣ͵ڴţˡ
ϾǸոնʮˣżһҲʲô¶ŵģֱӳǣȻʲô׵ġ
ֵģһɸ߲˽ϵй¶ȥˣĻý岻ôܼرϲΣϢүɳ֣һõرʾסס
ģһ滹ìأôĹң治ͬȻҲһЩϹ顣Ҷӽοүӵ
ֻһүЩ
һԲйܵ龭УΪˡҵϣСܹȥҽԺ̽һ·ϡ
ΪʲôүӺҶӽˣЩ졣
ʱ߲㶼ܽŵʱ̣˵ͦסˣôܶ๤Ҫˡ
Ȼ˵ͬ־λѾȵˣһش¼ٵʱ򣬴ҶȻǷǳģĴڣʵһ룬ͷﲻҲôҾܰݡ
˵ĻҲڷһԺ߶ͷ׷׽ŵصΨֳʲôӣҵҪж
ΪϵҪԣҲʱڣһݵλ̫͵ˣ϶Ǽģ̫ҪʱҲȥ
̫͵ˣʸ񲻹̫ߵ˹ȥǰʲô˼أ
˶ҲǷǳģ˵вг㲻ǲԵģ̬ҲǲԵģԴҶڹעŷϵĽȴڵȴһʵϢ
ı󶯣ǴӦеĴ̬ȡ
Ҷȥ̽ϣҶú֡
ΪֻȥȽϺʡޱؽ͵Сݲ߲ͣ÷ϲкʵĶȥ̽ӷϡȥ˵Ĳò²⣬ҲֳܹҶҵĳ⣬⵽ҵķС
үӺҶӽˣ׷׵ͷʾͬ
˵һ䣬һһܹؼСһǸȥĻܹٳɷϵĲתĻͺðˡ
ǸԼô֪ҶЦָԼıӣȻ˵Ƿǳͬ
үˣʱҲЦ˵ǸðҿȷһԱʱ棬㿴Լ˶ٴ£ҪǸܳĴԱŶʮ갡
ҶӽҲͷ˵˵Ĳ֣ҶҪǮǮҪˣĺҲߵǰ̨һ˲ţⶼҶĹͰ˵Ǹš
ȻҶô˵ôҲֻűˡҶ˵͸ܱȽʺˡ
̽ӷϣһ£ҲҶүŲԵôͻأԶү̾͸ҶүӴ˵绰ȥ˵顣


550 
̽ҲáҶү֮Լ˼һ£ͬˡ
ҶԣĳĸƷһ˵壬ӰԽԽ
Ϊһ쵼ĺģҶҵӰҲǱȽϴġ
ǲô˵ϸҶ֮ĹϵԿǲǧĹϵʱ̣Ҷ˽ȥ̽ӷϵĲ飬˵ͨġ
˵ļ壬ȴδؾôˡ
Ҫһ㣬ӸѹƷϲصϢȶھ棬ҪҶҴ֧֣Ҷ̽÷ϣǺġ
򵥵˵˽⵽㹻ֳŸӦĿǰĸơ
ҶүӲûʲôԥܿ͸زŴ˵绰ȻȷҶȥ̽ϵʱ䡣
ϾŵӣҽԺҶүͽʱ䰲ŸҶ
ҶүӻдҪæû˵仰ǶүҶ䣬ǵԼʲôûУ
˼ίߣԵ˻ζӦǱȽæµġҶش߶˴¶Ǳ߶ҲֻнȥŪˣҲ֪Σ
㵹ǻ˼밡Ҷ򵥵ؽ˽˻ʵ֮󣬴ҶӽЩп˵
ֶӵ뷨ǱȽֵ֧ģҲΪ˻ƶȵڽĿǰһЩʵ⣬ǺаģܹĳЩƸܵӣһɲ
طϵҲǺ˽⡣ү˵ǲģڴûʶʱܹӦţܲ
Ҷ⻹ǱȽϱصģҲһԣƶȽܲȸ⼸Ȼ⿪ʼ͹ԣǴӸɲǿεģƶȽԵúҪˣܸɲ쾭飬ҪǷβܣǾˡ
ôθеĸɲҪǶһЩĻڵҲͺðˡүҶĻ֮̾˿
ڶϣ̨鲻٣˾㽨ȷʵûүӿУȻĶп
ôүǶ鼸ʮıȱȽǣܹҶƶȽģûеڶȷʵöүӸеȽġ
ֻô˵ҲֻǾ߲㣬ڵطϵ飬ҲܹܣҲֻ۲Ĳˡ
ҶȻôһ˻飬ȷʵǺܺ϶ү˼ġ
鲻ø㡣һԱʾںܶɲ߶ҪǻΪǶǵвνľ֣ش֮СҪñ˷˵׼
ҶˣûоΣǾֿԵȷڡ
Ǹôһ˻ƶȣЧûпܵù൱һζʱ֮ͨʵܹһµжϣȷߵʵЧԾΡ
ǹڸǳģǸôһ˻ƶȣôĵطҲųЧµĿԡ
һԶضмί룬ض˻ǷܹҶôĵ£ƶȽ裬ͺ˵ˡ
ĽĳЩطʵ˻壬Ҷ󽫸㻵ĸԴƵƶȽ
Ǹʱ˻ҪǸֳЦˣҶʼٸҲ˶ܵĴ
ĵ飬Ҳ׵ضҶ˵Ҫ֪ƶȽΪʲôôѣΪʲô˻ⷽĽߴ£ҪľǶˮжߵ涼ζҪ˵طίƶƶȽˣʱ϶кܶĻϲ㵷ġ
ǺܼʱġҶͷʾ˸лҲԼ뷨ұ˻ƶȣ¼ܸŷ
Ҷ˻ƶȵĹ룬ȻҪƶȱĳЩ˸Լϴ̰ĵʯҲҪĳЩ˴ԼĹߣҪͨߣ֣߳Ťתڸɲ̰ǰûʲôƶݵĲ档
Ȼ˵һֱᳫɲѧϰܸ䣬ÿ˶ڵΣιۼɫأÿѧһ׷棬οʼϸɲܹ´󼪵ġ
ɲǵĸ
ԱҪƶȽͱȥƶҶ鿴ȥȽɣȫٳϺǿãȴƶȽϵһµ̱
ܹ˳ɹĻɻԹڵ𵽼ƶá
ؼ⻹һͽϣֻ˻ȻǲеģҪƶһòСҶʾƶȵΪ˸ܸɲ䵱ɡҪ֪Ѿˣ󻹲԰ĻǵģǼӱĳͷ
ү֮󣬾˵飬ʱĻ͸үү˵һ˵߸ͬ־Ҳãͬ־Ҳã˵һ˵ȻмίԶͬ־Ǳ߶ҲҪ㱨һµģϾֱ쵼
ԶǸҶҵĹϵ൱һ㣬ȻŻˣԨԴϵһֱǳУⷽ϶Ҷṩֵ֧ġ
ΪмίҪ쵼ͬ־ԶҲϣԼΪһԼĶܹɹԶһ֧ߡ
֮ܶڵǷǳӵģеʱ򣬺õƶҲδؾܹͦ󡣡˵ȻС¶ҪһЩɼǾҪø׼ԲܹĳЩ˻顣
öң鱨֧֣ҪǣϹҶЦ˵
ͷΪ鲿ˣȻһġ
ȻˣҶ飬ҲôģϾ鱨һֻԾĵ鶯֣ڵطϵҲ⣬ȴôϸҲԽȨ
˵Ļ⣬ֻصϵĲˡ
ܼϣ⻹ðϴҹҶ˵
ʡʡɣҪ֪ʱ򣬶ίǶû·ȥ˼ءҶӽػӦҲүӿˣǼҸҵĹϵֲ϶ĸоҲãᡣʱڣҪϣҲô׵顣
ҶͷϴҶӽ˵û
ƽʱҲˣҶӽƾԼͷҪһҲʲô飬ͬϵļϵһġ
ԣʱܹϵˣһཻĪһ
ڣЩڶһܹõϵľΣֻһŵĲ²ѡ
Ҷõᣬֻ˵Ҷҵ̫ˡ


551 ̽
ڶһ磬Ҷȥ˾ҽԺ
߶Ľ䱸ɭϣȻڽɵ֣ϾԺ鲻ܹҴġ
Ҷϵʱֻ˵ڶ֮ͱסˡ
ʾ֤ΪĳκܸߣҵܲգűȽϿһЩ
ҶңܹĳѾˣϡϡͣ˼
ͽԼ֤˹ȥ鿴
˶ʱһȻҶ񣬡׳ã
ˡҶͷ˻Ӧ
ܿ˵һҪ쵼ʵһ£׳Եȡ
šҶͷͬˡ
ĴȽ϶ˣ֪˼ҵĹغܶ࣬ˣһЩ߽׵ľڸ߶ı
ӣʹӸ¥߳λУ١
׳áλУȸҶȻʵҪ̽λ쵼
Ҫ¼ģҪѯȻרΪҶ·һǱҶҹ䣬Ͼ쵼Ǻܶ࣬һҲǳڰȫĿǡ
һҪ㣬鷳ˡҶش
Уˣʱˣ˼Ҳ߶̽ӲˣҪ߹ĲˣǾ;룬ǻͬ־ϵ
ллҶ˵ͷջԼ֤Ȼȥ
߶ͷУֱҶ뿪֮󣬲Щɵ˵ٽô᣿
оֵٽ治һһнȲ˼ҵġһУԱ߶˵
λУٵҲе죬˵ôоٽʲôʱðأƫƫίǱ߶֤ʱ˼װ׵رʾҶģһѯǵ˼¼Ҫǲܽй¶Ծ¡
֮࣬ҶݻǺܺģֻҲ¶ˡ
Ҷĳǰһζ֮󣬾͵˺ķչ
˽סˣȵҶ³֮󣬶Է̾⡣
ҶֳãҶҲһλУֻƷ𣬾Ȼоֵ
ãִأҶؾһȻʵ
ǣ쵼߶Уش
һˣ϶ش⣬ҶͬҶоֵĸֳʹ쵼ȨΣҲѯǹȨ
ҵȾŵӽȥһλ쵼Ҷ˵
УЩΪѵرʾǵҪ˳С
ţ֪ΪѡҶͷ˵
ԼҶְоֳָǺܹάģϾоֱȫӢһˣǵְҲֻΪ쵼ҶбҪǵĹΪҲԼеһݡ
ȻҶ˲ӣ˴˳
Ҷͬ־ˡ˴ԼʮңȥݣЩƣ۾տȻȻһˡ
ãǣҶϵöԷɵѯʵ
Ƿϵǰ⼸һֱ߶кš˻ش
ŶáҶŻȻҲе档
ϵʲôģ϶ΣӸλλ꣬ҲӦ쵼ˣôͻȻ
Ͼʱܹסкˣǿ϶ǵϵеĵϵҶƫƫûͺеˡ
ѵ˵滹ʲô鲻ɣ
ȻûѹֹۡҶţ߽Ƕɫ¥档
ȥ֮ҶͿΧͷ豸ؼλ϶صʿڸȫ߶ĲҲȽԶģϾֳֻԱʸס
ȻֳԱǸΣԼıҽŶӣͻȻټסҽԺĻ͸ˣͳ˸߼쵼˵ʱ
סԺƣ֪֮١
ͨȫ֮Ҷ߽˴߶дԼλϵʿţмλаŵĸ߼쵼ҲԱˡ
Ҷ߽֮Ҳû̫⡣
ǶԣǼλгίˣŻעһ£ϾҪڲ棬δ˭ҲûȥעԱˡ
ϳҶ
ףⲻҶϵҶ𣿡ϵһλŮҶʱɵ
̺ãҴҼүӺԼ̽ϡҶضԷϵŮ˵
ҰְҲǺܹĵġϵŮ֪ҶҪΪҶ÷ϿأʱҶȫ㻤ģֻһβɽҲ֪ˡ
̲صģϹڹң࣬ȻܹתΣΪҶƵرʾ
лļˣǶϣְܹտһֱȽϹעģǰ컹⿴Ƿţ佱¡ϵŮˣ滹ǱȽġ
ҶˣҲȽϸжϾϵελû˵ģȻܹƽǵԼעԼⱾǺܴҫ
ȻͽȥɡϵŮ˵
Ա߶ţָҽʦкȻͬҶһ߽˲
ȽϴԱ߶һĴң͸ţƽʱڵסҪʱͽӸܹؿ
Ҷ߽ȥģҲֻǴңչ涨Ĳǲ׷˽ȥģȻҲǳڰȫϵĿǡ
ʵϣڷϻڼ䣬гίˣҲŴһϣȻѯһҽǣ˽һ·ϵҲǹˡ
ҽʦǴԼڽŵؿŷϵĲԼʾϳֵļݣִ
ֻǴ˵ȽϽΪ˵ݲͬƷʱ򣬶Ƚϱء
ҶͲɵЩҡͷ˵Ϊ߼쵼ˣܵҽȻ߼ģЧȴδõģΪҽй˼ɣȫ֣Ψַ̫ˣҪ鷳һжйоأë
ΪˣԺܶʱЧʹۿˡ
ҶȻõè壬Ҳû˵ƣ˵ˣҲܹıֳɵԸɴ಻˵Ϊá
վڲ߶ڴϵķϣϸع۲һͷַϵȻܲɫȻû¶ֻҰܵϸ۲ĻȻܹоһ˿ȻȽ΢ȴӲ
ҽǱ߶ȴֹۣǸݼص;÷ϵѾɽˮĵزˣֻӦô㱨ϣвͬеھͱΣȥеٹ۲һ쿴
֮ܶڵȷʵǳֹۡ
ţҶһ²ڵĲ֮üͷɵúһ


552 ˮ
ôˣվԱ߶һֱڹעҶһһ
ͻȻҶüͷһ;϶Щ⣬Ǿһ
ӵķˮͷסҲҪ⣬˵ϵ屾ͲˡҶԥһ£ָŲĽṹ˵㿴ѹĴ壬ֲİڷźѡҲ⣬Ǳ߶ҽеֱָŷϣɱ¶ôôõģ
֮󣬶ʱЩĿɿڴ
ʲôˮ֮飬ȻҲţ⼸ܵĴѹҲȽϴǵԱɲڹĳϵУǾԲὲⷽͬġ
ҶͻȻڷϵĲ棬Щ֮飬ȷʵеǳ֣Ҳ֪ЩӦǲӦźã
ݵļҾ߰ڷţ϶һԭ򣬾ԸоΪ㣬ǿϵĲ棬涼Υһԭܹ뵽ʲôҶط۾ҲϣƺҪ͸һС
ʮˣҶһëͷСôţȻһЩëĸо
ҲûĻƾҪֱӱˡ
ֻҲҶ˵ˮ⣬ѵĸϵĽϹϵ
ΪһϵԱһڷϸǰ˶ǰ飬Щǲŵģֻ֮뷨ȻЩëͷСô򵥣˵ҶָЩʱûжȻ񶨣˼
˵ʿЩûнҲǲܵģӡУļλԪϣⷽоһЩʮҪҲⷽ鲻޹ϵ
̫λʱ򣬶ⷽнֻɲ⣬һҲѴĿеõʲôȷʵ֤
֮ܶˮⷽ飬߲ԭһֱֻ˵ġ
ڿǿôҶûͣĻͷǽһָſĹݳ֮ݣ˳⣬ⶼǳʶˡӵˣĺ⡣
ôһ¶Ҷ˵һ׶һ׶ģҲеò⡣
԰ݳ䣬Ѽס䣬ɱ£ʱռȨ⡣Ҷ˵˴ʱõĵطȻǳҪֵķ䣬סþˣûʲôëˣҲҪëˡǷϵĻĳŲôã
˵ô¶ҪôЩԥʵ
˵ʵڻȻ˵ҶĻȥһ׶һ׶ģ沢Ǻ̤ʵϾȻҶ˽⣬֪λǷ϶صˣҶҵļ̳ˣǶ˵ЩȻǽŽɡ
÷ˮķȻˡҶشڷϲأлԲѣóȻƶǲ׵ģҲֻиĶһķˮˣҪЩضųУҲܲ˵ġ
ֻǶһĶλãһ
ţҲҪƶһ¡Ҷ˿ֲһ
һ£;鲢ǲܰģֻҪͲҪ߲㣬˵ıĶڷλãǶС¶ʵÿ춼ר˸ɨ
ڷϻԲѣҽ޲ߣȴ˵ȻҲżʵЩڵ쵼ЩϵķȨҪ쵼ǵˣ;Ҷ˼ȰѲһȻЩŪߵĶŪߣûλõĶ°ڷźá
ҽʱҲҪ̫˼ʲôѧˡ
Ҳ֪Щȷʵ˵ʵȷʵǴڵġ
ͷԸ˶֣ȰѷϵĲŲһŲ
ôסһҽ̾ˣʲôˮˮģţһѧݶûУ˱Σôڣô죿
Ҷ֮ԱǵŲһ´λĻҽԺ滹ʲôô
⻰һ˵ҽǶʱƻˡ
ȷ⣬һηϵĲȷʵŹ֣Ȼļ鶼ˣǲûзصΣĵزԵƲûʲôЧһֱԲѣĲѡ
˵ҶԣʲôˮĻǿҪôأ
滹һ⣬ҶǱȽϣɷʲôģ̸ˮĻ˻һЩûëһëͷС˵ҽǾûһθˡ
Щ˵Уųɾŵ˶ΪҶſڿӣҳ
Щ˵뷨ȴͬΪҶҲ֪λĸɲмίǣͬʱҲоٽֳҶҵļ̳ˣ˵Ҫô׶ĻҲôء
˵ĻȥָָҶԹԱ˵
ǴҾͿʼŲλĶ²ãҶһ澵ӣڴڣ˼ǽǿÿȥ
ӸľżӸأڷһ沣ĻǽҶָӹԱ
ʲôһ̵
ҶĲƺЩоˣһϵķӦȷʵЩĹۡ
йͳסլĴڴżǽŶҪż𵽻岽赲ã赲ⲿؼֹйҲһãסլˮľҪԡżѣͬдһסżլ˳ͣżѣ뼰Ҷ˵֮ţ˽סլĵһذظ̺żͥĽǮơ֮סլȶԷˮоãҲʵԹܡأԻֱŵɷֹլй˶Ľ߾񡢵Ϣֱլļơ˵Ļǽ߽ɷĺôǽԷĲӳ˹ȥԷɷΡ
ͷҶ˵ȷʵǶЩġ
һȺ˾ڷڣҶҪð졣
ȻˣǵĶǷǳСĵģΨ־˻֮е׳
װŪĪһҽˣ̲סֹҲβĻҪҽʲôô
ǵ飬ڰɡһҽȰ
Ҳô˵ҽԺǵģҲǸģһʲô©Ҫô죿ҽʵ
ϵǰʲôģ
¶Ӧü֪ͨԺһʡõʱ
ֻǻҽĴ治֪ͨԺ
˼ӣͷ׷ԺʹҴҵظϹˣɫȻܲÿ
󣬻λҽԺĸ߲㣬ȻϢ涼ǳţѸٵظ˹
һʲô飬ɾˡ
ʲôнεԺ֮󣬾ͺܲ˵ʵ


553 ͼӰ
Ժһͳǳ⣬òΪ֮һ㶡
ԺԺʱҲеͷۡ
ԺļȻߣԶԣƷ߽࣬⼸ʮ˵ģڹϸɲеӡܺãνϾҽսϵһԱ޽ߡ
Ժ϶ܿģҪ˵ˡ
û¶Ϲʲô֪ҽԺôԺָָܲʾ˶ȥúõʲô
ķˮ̫ãҪһ£쵼ָʾ
˵ɵʱ̲סҶһۣȻֵǼҽһ˵⼸ҽ˴СĻԺҲ֪¶
绰Ǹҽˣеη뵽ҽԺ棬ԺˣҲܵʲôΪô飬Ͱεġ
ʲôˮ⣬Ժ֮󣬾ҡҡ׵ͷ˵βĶҽû˵ˮβģҲͬ־ˣôϣôͿ꣬ͣһ𣿣
ԺͣҪʮģ͵ݵͣܺãҲǶģԾӦϸɲǵҪһֱԺĸλϡ
ʵϣԺĺǺǿģֻҪҽԺ棬鶼ܺô
ǣǣҺͿҲǼġԺǰҲ˵ʲôֻôӦţĿתҶǱ߶ʱ򣬾ͼλʼٸһĶûУֿԱ߶ļƺǼ̨Ե¹Ƚ豸ܸȤ
˭ôûԺ˳Ŀ⣬Ҷʵ
ҲһʣȻ˵߶䱸ɭϣǷϵļ˺һЩǳҪֵܹģֻǿҶѡ
ҶϵӣҶƽͬ־ĶӣǷϾ߶λҶͬ־Ͻһ¡
ŶԺˣлȻ
ҶҲ˵ģֻû뵽ˣȴᣬƺ˵ҶѾĸɲˣ˾ȡ
Ժ̶ֳȵĸɲĿȻûˣǷǳḻģٶϵһЩ¶˽⣬ҲҶҸ֮ȻһΪҶְλȫġ
ûй˵ĵʶͲԳôҪһְλҶССϡ
еӵܶȥˣܹͷصȴûм˵Ƿëǣ˵һ⣬˹ٳϣûˢӣͱ˸ˡ
ӵǣϱº⣬ʲôĻȡһͰ֮߶ԶȫԼ˵ˣƣǲܱ֤Ǿһ·˳ȥ
Ա߶иҽԺԱ߶ֹðᶫģ˵ʲôˮá
ԭԺҶûʲôоһ⻰ʱüͷ
СС͵ģȻ˽ʲôˮ⣬⻹ɲأԺɵôҡͷҲûеҶʹһ٣ϾҶǴҶү̽ϲģⲻӦ顣
Ҳ᲻ʾһԼĲͽ°һڣҽԱ˵ָԭ״ߣԺҪʲô˶Ž
˶һ˵ⲻհһٰͨȥûʹǲǣ
羰ҶڿˣЦſԺԺá
СҲáԺҶ˵ҽԺ飬ҽһӼҵģͲҪˡ˵ˣʲôˮˮģβʲôϵ͵ģӦöѧһѧѧ֪ʶ⽨ʲôģԱӦȥ𣿣
Ȼ֪ҶĵϸԺһҲΪԼһеվֱֻβˣıƣֱ׳
Ժǰ㡣ҶǳһͨһҲЦ˵˵ˮ֮ҲӦһų֮Է⽨š˵ʱ򣬻֮ΪأǲΪЩ޷⣬ȫų⣬һ⽨ʵǵ
ңôȻԭġҶָָղŵǼط˵˵ˮֻǴӾǶǸλú𣿡
ԺҶôһ˵Ǳ߶˿òŻشȷʵоЩѹָС
ԺȻ˾壬ѹָУȻԲ˵ĽӰ죬ǴǴһЩءҶ˵סӣϲסλñȽϺõĵط£㣬ܿҰĵطסţŻ˸еĿˬݼҪȥһЩɽˮĵط彡
Ժ֮󣬵˵ͷʾͬҲʾ˵Щͬ⣬һڣҾͲҲͷƵͷѵͻԲ˵Ľ𵽺õˣ
Ҷֻ΢ЦԺˣ÷ⷸ
ˮʵҲܼ򵥡Ҷ˸ӵͺñһѵŵʱȷ÷ҪŵеĻһСľͻ˵֣ˮҲͬһ棬λõĲͬ˶Է˵ӰҲǲͬġ
ҶԺ߶ԻһһԵñȽϹ죬ΧˣñȽʣϾٻ
һǵ¸նϾҽһǳé®Ժյ߹٣λվһȷʵҵ
˵ҲһģɵĶԺָҶ©Ҳ˵ˣŵУһСľͻ˵ֻ֣һּ裬һֿԣ˵һᷢġ
һֿԣҲǴڵġҶͺͬҶսսе˶ᱻ㲢˵ĳ˾ûΣգ˵õİ취ǽⳡսܹ˴ΣнȳˮĵڣҲǲ÷ڲλá
ҾǲġԺȽϾ󣬼ΪҶ˵ûʲôѧĸݡ
㲻ҲûʲôʵǣϵѸٺתܿͻѹˣһû¶һĻؼҹꡣҶǳƶرʾ
Ҳϣϻָʵ⼸ǵרǻ˺üΣҲûԺеˣҶڸҡ
ƷϵļǺܷ飬ϵѹҪһЩ
ƫƫҶ˵ʲôˮ⣬ԺңӰǵƣȻûʲôõĿ
ԺҶȥʱҶ˵ոոĶ˲λãû˷ˮ֣ЧѾ˰ɣ
ʲôԺ˳Ҷָķ򣬻ͷһȴط֣˺Եĸı䡣
ϾȻѹˣҴӲ
ЧͼӰ


554 µ
ҶڸҶүӽʱ飬ϾȻˡ
Ƿ˼ѵ˵϶㽲ǸˮʲôģȻģҶүȻûб̬һŵҶЩէʵ
Ϊѩе飬Ҷһֱھţ˵ҶˣҲܹ֣ȴû뵽ռҶô˵š
ҶүҲԼҶгɻ
ϵʱҽԺרͷ˺ܶˣҲòһ˵ɺţ۴ķǲҩһ֣Ҫ˵ԼͻȻһܸû¶һ
棬˹ܵζ
飬˵ġҶЦŻشǼ򵥼仰˵׵ġ
ô念һ¡Ҷүӱʾٽ˼գҲƽϢˣ⼸ʵ˵Ĳ١
˷׷׵ͷǣһãҹҲʲôˡ
ҶӽҲе㵣һӲ˵֪Ȿ£͸øҵķҲһˮ
ǷͿˣ涼ͦõġҶЦ
ҹ˾Ǳ߶ûпɣҶ˵
ˮֶ˵ҪҲҪҲҪġҶ͵˵úãһˣǷˮȻˮǿģǴĺ˵Ļˡ
ҶүӺеز׽һϢʵ˼˵һ˹ҪΣͬ־
ҶʵķˮͬʱڷϵĲ棬ܲҶүӺѲΪϵһ
ֻ˵ųֿԣΪ³Ҷػش
ʵϣڲڳֵҶҲɣֻǵʱҲϣֵ÷зģԾûⲢʾûⷽ
֪ˡҶүҶĴ𸴣Ȼʼĥˡ
ҶӽˣҲ˳˼֮С
Ҷ˿үүʹ󲮣û˵Լ豭ڡ
Ҷ˵ѩе飬ӵԤڣй˾ӪһЩ顣
Ҷһζʱ䣬ʱҲٶˣΪ佥ֿҪ׵ԭҲؿʼˣתҶͼ˶еȽοǴҶӽڶӵתͬ
ǰĻ⸸Ӷ֮ĴӶܹ࣬ƽһʵס
϶ڴ⣬ʲôʱܹ븱ʡУҶʵ
ʡǸɾ˵ˣۺ쵽Ҫײǽˣǽ븱ʡ㻹ñ˻𣿡ҶЦ
˵Ҳʵ飬ʮмίǣһĴڣʡٿˣõĴ㣬λ϶꣬һгһίǣȵʮ֮ڽ븱ʡУȽϺʡ
ʮ̣ڴ򰾾ӹٳˡ
ȻˣҶҪ飬˸Լ֮⣬ͬʱҲΪҶ˲ŵΣתθְͬʱԼΰ׺;ðףΪպλ֧֡
ȻҶԭеҲǳɹۣҶҪȫԼ;ҪԼŬӪˣȻˣһʵĿĻĵλβƣԶȴӳнŲס
ϾԭȵЩǣδؾͻص׷Ҷеʵе̫ˣڽĹڣ˼ķڷ
ˣԼֿȭشһƬԼء
ҶҲʼռţилر
ŲԼȻҪ̳ģûԼĴ·չҲǲеģˣûмϵĶ
꣬ɲһֱǲҶӽһ˵СȻǸʮҵĸɲѾһЩˣ١
쵼ɲữһơҶүӱʾ˵ѡͳŲʮ꣬ǹ޷ģԺȴδǲܹʵֵġ
ҶȻµѡͳֶ٣ȷʵǸֶĸָһȥܵʱѡεϲʲѡͳ1996ѹƻܹ͵ԱΡ
2001ְʱֶʷϵõ๫ڿ϶ͳ֮һ
һλڵڶս֮ͳλܹᵯͳҲǽ¶ࡤ˹Լ֮ͳԼ֡˹֮γɹΨһһλͳ
ִ£ʷϺƽʱڳʱһξ÷չʵ˲֧ƽ͹ӯ5590Ԫ
ֶͳҲ˲ս䱣ƻĸߵʧܣ͵¸40֮״λԺĿȨ
ڵڶڣֶα֤ͷ˾ﱻԺձԺڡ
65%֧ʽڣ˶սͳ֧ʼ¼
ôһλ׿ΪͳҶȻʲôõ뷨Ͼ͹֮Ĺϵ۸ӣΪ֣˭ϣԷķչһڿһôԼзչˡ
еӣǴӹʹϵ͹ҪҲܸŸɡҶ˵Ҫ¼Ҫǵгһ໥Ҫʱܹöʮĺƽչʱ䣬ȡõĳɾͣþˣ綼Ϊ֮ȡ
ǱȻġҶүӵͷͬԴӺ֮󣬹Ҿƾͷ˺ܴı仯֮Ǵһ̣ߴӱּ֧СһභսıҲıһģʽ˿ʼж֣ԵľڽһҶľ棬ȴҲǶǼΪġ
˶׷׵ͷǰս͹ߣĸڵĸ߶ͼ򹲺͹ṩԮ֮һʲôʽս֮ģҲǺݡ
Щ棬ƺҪԭϴ󷽶ˡ
ǴһҲһЩ⣬ͼԼӰ칲͹κ;ûоµȷı乲͹״˵öķɻΪնյ͹ԼչɻļƻԼչշļƻȵȣתɹЩ
첻⣬һӰ͹ϵ
ֱǰ͹ҹϵ֮󣬴Ҳŷ֣ǰ뷨ȷʵеˣ˲ôɵڴ֣෴ǺܾóԶ֣Ҽģһǹںܶ쵼Ȳϵġ
˺Ѹ㣬һ֪ˡҶү˵Ǻ˽ǵ·Ҳ֪ϵ©ԣҪ״ǣǵҪЩ˵ģҲϣǱߵøԶ
ǱȻģͿʼˡҶرʾ


555 Ҷϰ
Ŷ㲼֣ô֣ҶүҶĻȻЩȤ
ǿ󣬼ö˵˭
֪֪ʶδؾǺȫģֻеһĲ֮󣬲ŻףԼĶ־жôǿ
ΪĴҶүӵȻ˵ǿҪд˺ܶ౶
ڸԭ򣬶ڵжԹҵǾѡԵģǰҲ˽ֵؿֵʵܾܿͻĲ㡣
ͺǵĶսܶ۽վû߶ûضƺܹлǵŷ֣ҲһȺܲͷ̵޷Ǿͳϵļᴬڡ
Ծܹںܶ෽滹Ƚ󣬾ʵҲȽϲžԲްθ߶ԷʵϰǸоǰϣڣĻ͸Ҳûʲôġ
Ҳ޶ȣѭ򽥽ģĻȵĳᵼĵʧҶǳ
ֻǣҶүӶҶ˵Ĳ֣һЩΪȻ
Ϊ˽⵱У˼Ѿһп¢ϵҵ¢ϵˡ
ҪֵĻҲҪҵһʵУҺпҪֹһ㣬ĻҲ޷֮Ϊ֡
ԾȻҪӾ֣šҶشһ⣬ܹǿԼʵסǵķչĿǰƿصҵ϶ڸ¿ƼԴȵȣҪгԼС
̵һҶͷյĸ߿Ƽҵʵֻ࣬ԴһǱȽʵģҲδɳõһ֡
˵ʲôVCDܸͲ֮ĶЩʵоԵģ֮ܳΪ߿ƼҵֻʱܹΪҶҵչṩɹ۵ʽѡ
Ҫ˵ܹ߿Ƽϱ߶ģҲֻ֮µĻϻˡ
ʱĻҲԳȥתת۽硣ҶүĳضҶ˵ڵļ𲻸߲ͣȥȽϷ㣬һλˣʹҪȥҲôˣ鶼鷳ҲȻ
ǵģҲⷽĿǡҶ˵ͷ
Ҷүижε쵼ҪĻǶǴ飬öԷҵλ൱Խ룬Ҫ룬ڲŻ濼ǣ֮Ρá⣬Ҳ൱ͷʹġ
֮ܶ쵼С¡
һһ㣬һǳȥĻҲʲôʵĶڹӲһطԱὫһЩĶֻǿطϣǿĶ˵˵٣˵֮µ棬ûԸ̵ġ
ҶĹԱϽӲ칤ĻҲͬΣҪ̽飬Ҳһ׵飬̫ϢΧǣʹҪ˽һǵڵ졣
ҶӽʵоԴȤܸߣȻڴҶǮȥģǷëǣôôģ
ʵϣҶӽʵ⣬ҲҶүҪ˽ġ
ҶҶͶԴҵͶ˾չҵЩԾģȻ˵ҶǮףʮԪͶȥһرûп֪ʲôʱܹЧ棬ֻ˵ǲƴ֡
ԴҵʼնǴ޸ҵҶȴǷǳȷǰúԴʵһսͶʤʯҵķչӮ˶սʤʯȻԴģԴзӦãѾĻ
ԴҪָԴָȻпԲáȡ֮֮ߵԴԻ޺ΣСԴֲ㷺˾͵ؿáҪ̫ܡܡˮܡܡܺͺܵȡ
ӹԴȫͻӰ濼ǣƼҴѾչԴогͶʽһרŵԴٽڿԴҵķչ
ҹʼÿԴʼҪ̫ȣʮ̫ˮʼռбʽ̫ܡʱԴҪǷũ壬ǷɢΪȫûйҵģҵгΪʱũԴҶ˵ᵽԴ仯ܴ󣬱˵磬һ糡װԵ10ǧߣЩǧߡǧǧߵķأȫһִģҵӦõĸһг֧šڸպǿԴũСģӦñɼȷũ壬ֿʼҵģӦ÷չתͽ׶ΣһҪץסᣬ߳һ
ҶүӾʵȷʵȽϳǰ棬Դ˽Ҳǳޣϣⷽ飬ǲ֪֣лĻԾⷽ㱨ϣø֮ΪеĻһб֧֡
⵱ȻǷǳõġҶʾ˸лʵϣԴĸһˣǴҶ⣬ϸ˵Ҫҵʱ򣬾;úܲ򵥣Ҳԭġ
Դܡ̫ܡܡȡܵȶּÿһּص㣬ԡչˮƽҵ̡Ӧˮƽڲͬչ׶ⶼǲһġ
ЩǶȣԴԴú͡ƣúͷչе⡢ҪľȫһԿԴôļٵҲһ
ٵϰͺܶ࣬һǷԴ壬Դﲻ֪ڶϰǹڵҵУڵķҵñȽϳܹĶУ糡ķҪڣôҵչ
Ƿ粢⡣
ڻǷ緢չͻ⣬Ϊ粻ú硢ˮһʵأ֮ͱ뷢ߣдܵװã䴢װõĻзͱ뷢粢ߡҶ͵һУʱǺҹõʱҪǰ죬ǰҹԴڷԴ͵ɲƥ⡣ڷչģȽϴ£ôôͳҸΪǷ緢չؼ⡣
ҶүӶڹҵķչҲǷǳעģҶĻ̾ˡ
໥ӵ磬ģ糧ģСڵ룬糧Ĺģϴһ͵롣
·ĵȼ500ǧ220ǧ110ǧȵȣԴ뵽УһΧڵĵҪʱƽ⣬ûõ͵ԴķҪʵƽ⣬Ҫ壬Դܰú硢ˮ硢˵磬Ҳܰ磬һЩСģʷ硣
Ҫ룬ĵԴӦˣںҹ࣬ûõ٣д¥õͣɾ͵ͣʱ͵ðԴͣʵƽ⣬˵϶ǲͣúҪͣĻ۱Ƚϴ󣬻Ӱ쵽ú緢ϵͳЧʣˮͳˮܿʵֵ塣
õ縺СˮٵĵװԽϴ󣬵ѣҪ͵ǱȽ鷳顣
Եһ㶼ӭ磬ȷʵȡѶȡ
Ŷˣ϶ٵϰǼϵģϵİһԵҶȻ
ҪչԴȻͺҵ棬Ȼһ
ûҶͷش


556 ֲž
˵ܵ˾ϻ߼ϵϰҶĴģϵϰȷʵôױܿ
ڴһ˵֮ҶҪչԴͬʱҪҶеʯͻҵ棬ƽȷʵҡ
Ϊ֮ƣҶҲֻڻϻǱ߶СΧʵԴĿ˵ҪչҵԴӦãеʱȥ׼ˡ
ЩҪһڳԳӡҶүӾͶҶ˵ʱĻȥͬ־̸һ̸ⷽǳӣҪиֵ׼ʡñסˡ
ǲõģʵҵ˻ûءҶЦŻش
ȻֻһЦҶҲû˵Ϊϻ£ѾչԴоڶú̿ʯ͡ȻȴͳԴϣҲ˺ܴĹЩԴʴ
ԴԴĻߣȻǿԴӽ˫£ܹ޶ȵؽ⡣
⣬Ƚ׽ΪֻԴʣڸԴҵԣҲǺ£ǿԴͺ˵ˣΪҪı䴫ͳԴȣı䴫ͳԴҵڹ񾭼еĵλ
飬Ͳ˵ˣԾԴĺôԸֵ֧˾ޣַȴǺܶࡣ
˵ʱҶ̾˿Щ˲ǿԴĺôҲǲ֪ͳԴݽ֮Σֻ֣ΪһǰӬͷСǧټƵֹԴķչγ漯ţĿ⣬ҲǺ񰡡
϶˼ί֮˼뾳ԽظˡҶ˵ǵٵӦùĵģֻԼ׬˶ǮҵĶʲôʱܳ飬ʵǹܲ
Ҷӽˣͺǳһ䣬̸¶أҡ
ϡҾͲˡȥźӡҶվߣһ߶Ҷ˵̸¶кһӷ
Ҷ˵ͷҶ˳ȥ
ӣûһҶӽߵ
ô˵ͲˡҶ̱ʾ˲ӵĻǳɶˣ
ҶӽˣʱЦ
⻰ȷʵҽҶӣôǼֵܣҶүӺͶүӣǳһˣ
٣⻰ȷʵҽҿˡҶӽЦ
ҶүӺ˿ڲ裬ָͷɳ֣ͳ˵˵Сıֻǲġ׵ģǰ̫ܵ٣ʧ󣬵ѾɼҵˣӶˣҪǹ̫ܵˣҲʧ󡣡
ҴӹȥڣڽŮһֱǴʧߵʧ󰡣Ҷӽ֮󣬺ǲطʵ
ΪأҶүӵһ۵ôţ
ĸҰҶӽүӵۣ̾
ȻѾʮˣһλȨصĲıܳҶӽҶүӵǰûκƢ⵹˵ҶӽûؼڣҲϵǰը̶
ͺҶһߵʲôزߵλϣֻҪҶƽҪƨɣҲ޿κε顣
СıֻǲġҶү˵ȽϹ˼ˣҲûиʲô߰˾Ҳϣ
㲻˽СӡҶӽԱ߶ֹ˼ΪƤӵ£ʲô˵˾飬ʵӶСõģҪǻ㲻ӵĻҲ̫ѷˡ
ڸзĹҵҶҶģ¶ҶҶӽ֪ô¶
ֹ˾һȻҲӯģǸսĹҵȣƲҵֹ˾һҲԼƣǾӰǳֹ˾𶯴ϱġ
ҶҶӴԭߵͷ֮󣬲˵һ䣬һЩʱ򣬶ҪҶ߶Ƿõϵ˻Ʒ
Ҷӽһֱھ棬ЩҲȽ˽⣬˵¶߶Ҷ˵Ҷôб¡
ʵ˵ҲеƫˡҶȻܰеĹͶԼ߶ͱʾףҾˣ統Լ½ϣ˹湫˾Ǹȷʵܲף˵ҵ㲦ʲôģҲǽѾӵô˾ĻϣԴԻĿʧʵģϸ˵ڸȷʵ
ôֵܹ˳˳ģҲͷˡҶүӵͷ
Ҷӽᵽ˹飬ҪƽܻĻ˾ͱȽȫˡ
϶ҶӳȻ˾˾æǴڻ겻ʲô⣬ϾطϲͬúˣҪʲôػصҲǴ⡣
鷳ҶƽһֵĳԱڿ϶ҪֵͬģοӲЩҪҶƽһߵģԶǳ鲻ġ
ȻˣҶƽҪҲа취˵ؾְʲôģҸҲ㣬ϾҶү߶治ʲô¶
о仰Ҫ˵һ¡Ҷһ߶Ұֹƽ괺ǻزġ
ţô˵ģҶӽ֮󣬾Щʵ
ͬ־ڣҪȥģҰΪ϶ӦóӴģ¶٣еˡҶᵽһ㣬ԼҲе˼
ϲϷǺܶ˶֪ġ
֮⼸ڣɹģҲġ
ֻǽеͬԭҽԺ棬ԲѣҶ²ڿеֲʱҶͻȻˣڷϵĲһ֮󣬷ϾȻ漣һԭ״̬ˡ
¶ȷʵҴ˼ľʵе̫ˡ
Ȼ˵˶Ϊһ¶ͬʱҲȷʵһСҰķӵĲԭӿľ棬ʱҲԾԾƽ
˵ϿˣҲûô죬Ӿǵ;е˵ĵģҪȥ֣ͬһȴڣ͸˵ˣ
ƫƫϲ漣һ״̬ǳҽоһ֮ҲòʲôĽֹۣȥꡣ
ֻôһҶƽ˾ǣҶҲ˼ȥˡ
Ͼڲʱ򣬷Ͼͺܸ˵ظʾҪȥ꣬һҶһȥ
Ҳû뵽Ҷ˵¶֮󣬾еźرʾ֪˵Ļȥ죬Ҳܹȫžˡ
Ƿϴڼ仹ҽԺĻҶƽҪ̽ģôһ˳žһ£Ҳ˳ˡ
ҶүˣҲеЦõĸоֻҶ˵˼ˣϿǴ¶ܲһž۹꣬ǵСˣûлᣬԺлġ
˶ٺ˵ʱˣҲһ߿겻һģ


557 ;滮
Ժ·ӣʲô㣿ҶүӺȻʵ
飬Ӧһ˵ɣҶЩֵػشܸи
϶һЩǵģҸҪһԼ滮Ҷүӱʾ
Ҷ˵ͷʾ⣬֪үڿԼĴֹۡ
ʵЩӵܶԣֻҪ̫뷽跨ؼ̳мԴǱ;ȡĴ
ǵһ֮󣬾ϻµķˮˡ
ԼǿϣҲֹ֧ȥΪĻǿȥʲô¡
һǸλ֮ζ쳣΢еأͻᱻ˸ǣ壬Ϊݵľ档
Ը嶼ԼĿǣڸ֮ǰУһӵܵĿؼģһܹͦȥұ˱Ƚ⣬ôķ־ͻ᲻ܵΪǵǨ
˵øֹϵ߾Ϊӵһƽ̹;æȽ۵ɨϰʲôģЩ鶼Ҫġ
Ҷķչ֮·Щͬˡ
˵Ƚ⣬Ҷүӵһ仰ȥ˴峤·Ȼϵһ仰ͰŪ˸ΪϵļңҪıȡĽʥѸ̧һ
·ӵķչ˾ȵģҲǷ˼ģɸԲǿ
ҶֳǿսҶǿеģҶүҲһֱڹעӵֱ֣ΪҶȷʵϣΪмΪȺ׵Ľܳ
ҶүӵУҶĸҪҶƽǿ
ڵǰ߼ɲУҶƽѾǷǳͻˣû뵽ֳһҶôȺҶүӾ;ҶҲȻ˲ӿ֣Щ壬˲ŵ㣬ֻʣһЩǿάֵĺ󱲡
Ҫ֪һû׿м쵼˥ֻǼ֮еѣǳҲɣҲɣɰܾһգۼ䡣
ҶҶүǼġ
Ҷүӵ⣬ҶȻ˵ʵо˸ɲḲִ̌ӸḶ́ΪؼģһֻҪĳһڳ⣬ͻʹ;չӰҴӸķչ˵ǳϣȻ鷳ˣȴ̣ҪϵĻʮ밴Ͱغúôĥˡ
Ҷүˣ͵ͷͬ뷨ȷģҪʮʵľġ
ͣһ£Ҷү˵һ棬ҲȱǰľȷʵĿ࣬ʲôЧϾĳɼǴӽԺ󣬾ҪúõؾӪˣΰ׵Ľ裬ЩǿһɲǷаմֵĻҪҪʱģɺԡ
һ濼ⷽ顣Ҷͷش
ҪģѡһͻƵķ򡣡ҶүӶҲ˵
Ժ굱УȻҪıʡְλڵطϣʮҵĸʡɲȷʵеˡҶҲΪ¶ͷʹ
ʵϣȥ˵ĻӦ
Ϊڸʡ֮䣬Ҳһ죬Ǿǽʡίίĸʡɲǳίĸʡɲ϶ǲһġ
ڹڵĵط̬Уίһĵίίͬ˴Эĸְͬ
ڵίίǵطľߺģʼ𽥼ٵطίְʵгίֹ֮뵱ͬԱȣίίĺߡ
ȻҪ̨ףʡίίְܵԣʵ
ҶҪǨⲻҪɲǨ֮·ȻѡȽϣѡһʺԼչ·
ɲ
ΪʲôܽҪ쵼λ
Щԭģ϶ǵƾĳ쵼һ仰ܹٳ漣漣ʹˣҲ־á
ڵɲҪͷأ·ӡ
ȾǼνٱȱ߽ǷʡݡȶԣȻӡûȲߵνʱӢۣЩǡΪɲʩչŻṩ˸ӹĿռ̨
ڶǹҵλЩɲУܶ˶ʡҵλľȽڵҵλļЧָ˲ŽƻƸھ߱ӪרҵسɲӱһҪء
أڹеμܹУһһطί쵼ְϳʶӦϵļҳ̶ͬ
ڸ׽⣬ظɲŵطһҪõڵλͽյ׿ϣˣطͬյĸɲҲܼѹȺۣۺϵͬͬ߸ͻ
ϵͳȷĹ涨ǵֺͺ󱸾;ŵְܳǵϵŦ⣬ǶɲҪأͬʱҲζŸɲͬϵͳԱȸֳơ
ϵɲתҵֵطʱֻᱻʹá
ίסҵķչҲһֱڼίҶҶүӷĿǰ֮󣬾˵Ҫһģ޷չԼĴֹۣҲܹߵøԶڵǣҲԸȥ󣬹ҲûʺҵλãҲҪȥأǱ߶ӣĿɼĿҲ󣬶ҵļѾȥˣھ·ˣһȥٱҵһǽϵͳүүԴʲô飿
úȫҶүҶĻЦ
û뵽ҶȻԼĵ·Ҳйô̵ķɲķչ·ߣо
ҲãȻҶѾ˱ȽȷʶôҶүӾԼһЩĻҶҲ͸׽ˡ
ҵҲܼ򵥣ȵˣȥ³ɳЩɼ֮󣬽쵼˼⣬Ȼµطθʡ쵼ְ񣬽ǨҶүӶҶ˵˳ǿһ㣬ϵ˲Ű˲ŶʼˣҾȻƣҶҵĵ̣ϵ꣬ǺкôģҲԿҰύһЩѣΣ
Ҷүӵ뷨ǳǰ굱УϵɲѾֳһִµط֮ڸıֶȽۣ˺ܶ๤ɼܵҪ쵼ǵӡ
Ҷܹϵһӣɳ·кôġ
үүİţĿǰ˵õѡˡҶǳȷͬ


558 Щп
˵ٱΪӹӦǶƽĻôϵͳͿԿͳȫ֣ǿֹ۵;
ҶڵԣȱҲȱʽ֧֣ȱϲ·ߣȱľһľԼվڶλͳȫֵĴֹۣǱͨʵʵʵֵġ
ҶҶүӵĽ飬ǱȽͬġ
³غˣ˵㲻ٱɣҶҲһЩɻ󣬾Ҷү̵ֽ
³ȻҲغǸغȣĲ඼ܴ󡣡Ҷүӱʾȥ˶֮⣬ҲϣܹһЩɼǱ߶Ĺȥ
Ҷүʱ³һμǵģ黹ǱȽģȥȥ³Ӳ죬ͷǱ߶Щӣ÷չҲͺҶүӾͼ
ΪҶıչ·ߣȻҲҪ˳㽫һǽȥϣ³ܹԼӵзϰյӹú
ŶҶ˵ͷʾˣЦ˵һ䣬˼ұ˼չ˶ӵԼĵ̶淢չʲôõģ˼ҵãƫӵĻȥǰˣҲˣ³ȻˣҾǰҵ˾ȻԱˡ
ҶүûҲЦȻԱҲûʲôõģ𶼾ȲˣԺߵߵ쵼λȥ˵ʵڵģеʱ⼸ˣҲó䵱ȻԱĽɫҪ˵СˡЩλˣķչǺ洦ġ
Ҷү·ӣҶһӣҾɢˡ
Ҷ֮һ˼ԼǱ߶δؾܴá
ʹû˻飬һɣɨİ֮󣬾Ѿ㹻ҲǼмίǵְ𣬾ȥְҲܹ¾ûź
Ͼ˺ܴɼġ
ڿ˻ͷЩһˡ
Ҷܲ˻飬ܲ˵תΪ٣ǲε
˻飬봦ˣĻͺ׶һƻɲõӰ졣
ȻҶҲиоǿ԰õģҲǿԳЧģ֮ǰҲйһЩǣ¶ЧµĻδؾǺ£ҺпܻΪ˽ֶΡ
黹鷳ˡҶͷ֪ˣҲͲˡ
˻飬ҲֻΪͻȻʧ飬Ƚϵ䣬Ҫйһе˳ԿԼܲڷУһ˿·
úãҶܹлȡ档
˵˻ˣôмίпܻᱻмίɵͣʶҲпܻΪȫͼ칤еһƶȡ
һĻҶϵĹ⻷ɾͺܴˣԭؽô˵ҲøʡίǲУȻһǲξͲͬˣҪķչ·ӣҲ˶״򿪡
ôһĻһҶ棬ϾûпǹһӶڼͼ棬ëõˡ
ζȤҶǲͬģϣǻһĻᣬ㾭ý裬ץץһչ
ĻҲãҲգǶԼ;չкܴĺô
ڻͷһæ׳˻ƶȣĸоһˣʳ֮ζ֮ϧҶԼҲеͷˡ
һһˣһʱҲ벻ǵġҶͷԲȥ顣
ò׻ؾͣ죬ȵڻҪŷȥתһת黹ǱȽæġ
ҶϴҶ绰˹ȥ
Ͳ洫Щӣƺڻ֮С
϶̸ˣɳȥ㣡ҶƺǷǳƤӡ
ţմүڴšҶش
֮߳󣬾;ûеġ
۳žҪˣǵջǱȽŨģǽֵϵĹԱǶæµȫʼҪץиġ
˲õѩڵϣʱҲвûŲôˣ·˷˾һɨѩһЩĵλְǣҲ˽
ƮѩѾȽϵˣԤ潲ڣдĽѩ֡
Ҷܺãûдʲô޷Ҫ˵ʲôƤˣֻëһɫķ£ë졣
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Ҷغ˼ںĿԼͷԶ˲١
ھǣɳȾ࣬Ҳ˴ѩĶܹ˿һЩصĵ۶
ЩߴϵĹŽϣʱ͸˰׺ƤñһԵ÷ǳɰ
Ȼһ˿վͷǹеֱվڸ̨棬Ա߶¥ĲҲ͸¶Ϣ
⼸ǵĴڣѾȼ̻ˣζҲࡣ
ǰʱ򣬹Ƚ˼Ǹʱ򣬴һԷű񣬷̻ö߽ʲôĻභ̣ѩֺǵܶࡣ
ھͲˣЩǱȽΣյˣ߶ű񣬺߶˾ٱ
ҶǵԼСѧ꼶ʱһι꣬űʱըԼָͷƤˣ˱ûججģڶǳ׻ָʱҶƽ˰졣
֪ˣʹȥ˾İгȥУҲǵȽ˸˵֮һһô˴˾ˣ仯ȷʵȽϴ
оǰЩסڴԺСǣʱҲˡ
ЩѧȥˣЩӾȥˣЩȥˣЩƺˣʣµһЩͬˣҲΪҶԼ⣬ûİ·ˡ
ƽ׻˼ʮ˵Ǻ¶ҲҶľǰͬˣٸЩСƨǴһ
ϾӦֽ̺üΣŬȥӦԷȦӵˣҲǱȽһ顣
վڴſڣСʱ飬Ҷеעˡ
Ҷ˾ܿ͸ϹˣһӳĿˣȥӡ
һζʱ䣬ĺԽԽˡ
Ȼ˵쵼ǶȽϵ͵Խ׳һӵǾͱȽ޼ɵʲô˹˹ˡۻ߱ʱݺͷ֮ܳĺھ洦ɼ
ҶҲǸϲˣÿ궼ҪͬĺԼҫ
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١˾ͣҶԣЦ˵ٺ˾ƣܿ㡣
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Ҷӡ󣬿˴Ͳǵ͵ĳͣǵĲƷûһ͵Ըġ
ֻʵĺγһȺļֵͬµʶǸϲ̼׷˶ٿأͨ˾Ȼע⵽һ㣬ǳΪߵƷ˶Ԫء
80ʱͨ˾ΪǰʽǺγδչķ1992Ƴ93STSV8ǰʹԵúܱ죬ʵǵʱΩһһV8ǰ˶γ
ʵ֤³ζȽƷʣͨ˾ߴ·Ѹٵ˸ߵƷзԣ»صγ·ϡ
Ҷʽ˶ϵֱǰƺβƵƣˮƽߺֱƽ͵ķԳеƷ
˵ĸоɣϸڱȽϴֲڣҶע⵽³ĳӽռϹնӷ촦ӹƽ絲۹۲첻κܷͽӺϵ㣬ﵽŷ޳ˮƽ
³лжĿһµĸоڿռܴ󣬺Ա㹻Ȳռ䡣
κͿϣʵĴͳ칤յƶһ̨ס
Ǳ廹ǸֹܰﵽⶼɢһɾµϢ
ιܾͲ˵ˣرĿ߱ͨ书Ҳ˸оǰһļʱʹǸܻǷǳˬġ
ȻҶоһЩϸƵĺԷ棬͵¹ձȻЩ㣬ҪһĽ磬ĺλ̫ǰˣȥС
ȷʵ򳵲Ųһ£Լûиء˾ǰ濴һºӾЦŶҶ˵
ţҲ⣬±˵ҶͷģֻһЩȽϵ͵Ľγ˵ϵеġ
ϵеĽγ˸պֽȻͬķԱǣ϶ϲ͵ȣȫҲĴڽγԵúز磬ǵݡ
ȻˣҲģ˵ʵ˾ͺϲĿ˽γֻǼӰ⣬Ҳôˣתµˡ
ٵķչͬ˾˵Ҫ̳ģȻֻܸ̰ͼ֡
̳ô׵ģ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ƺҶδѡѹģҪ֪λҲǧ򻯣ƣδزʧƣһһת˲֮䣬Ժ飬˵׼
ڵλʵҲǺϲҶ˵ֲʱˣҶƣ㿴˼˾ͷֵúͳôæˣݼٵʱء㿴үүҰְǣʲôʱԼʱˣʲôݼˣûӰ顣
һ治˾˵쵼ϰ岻ϢЩ˾ҲۣҶٹнˮߣȻĻ治Ǻġ
֪ɣͷ¸ڵĹ˸ࡣҶ˵
ǵǡҲ̫ʱˣֻиԼ˾ش
Ҷ˵ͷƤУԱ߶һ£Ϳһťֵһ£ֻԱ߶ʹһƹǷ˼֧ơ
ǺǣҶɵЦЦ˵ҶǮˣܵҲ˲٣һ꼸ڵ룬ƻмӵͷȻҪúõˡ
ҶΪԵʣҲⲻҪͬ·ߵġ
Ȼˣ߾̣иĺôҶǰӵһѸɲӵĸоҶҶǸܲġ
Ҷ򻨴еĿ֣ҲҶ޷ܵġ
Ҷ˾ڳһûһ˼䣬͵˵ͷ
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ǵı仯ż졭Ҷ̲סЩп
һʱﻹûмʲôĴƵ꣬û뵽ԼȥתһȦ߶Ͷ˺ܶûмľƵֳǣɼǵҵͲҵжô
ɣˡ˾˳ţҶ˵
Ҷ˳ûеǱ߶ͼҶΧһѣӭ˳
϶Ķͦİ߶ųһ̡֧ҶЦ˹§Ҷļͷһ˽ȥ
ҶεЦЦ磬治˵ʲôڵݣ˹ģȷʵȽϲס
ֻҶø磬ֵܵĹϵܺãҶϸеʱҶ㻨ǮǴ󷽵úܡ
ҶȻ˵ˣȴҲܹЩ飬㲦ҶҲǺȵģ˹г˼еҵͬʱҲֹ˾ķչϣ˺ܶĽ顣
ҶҶļЦŸ˵϶ܸѡСܣܽɣͨ񸱲Ĺӣҹϵܺõġ
ȻָѽܵõҶѾмίˣĸɲɣ
ܽɳðװ׾ģͷеȣȥЩֵɫΪͨĴ󲿳񸱲ĹӣȻʸ񽾰ģھڵУҲһŶƽʱιʡĹǴ򽻵Ƚ϶һЩ
ܽҶǰţ
Ͼ˼ҿҶҵӵܣҶĸҶӽǹپӲıְ֮ܳھĵλԺգҶҸ˲żüãʵۺȷʵܹȵϵģҪ֪ײȻĸɲҶһλսľ
ҪҶǲŶˡܽɹȻһľȣ˵ҶôһŶ̥ģͳɲҾ˵Ǳ߶Ҳֳ飬һξһȺͷߡ
Ȼ͵ĺܣܽȻҶ˼ָ꣬ҶãȴҲҶΪݣ˲٣Ҷʱô⡣
ֿˣٳϵЩǽûʲôɡҶȻô˵ģ֮仹ǱȽֵġ
˵һʵڻҶݣڲܽɵӲǰ˶ֱԷðͽҶӵȻ͸Ҫֳʲôύ
ΪϴҶҶϵܽ˭
Ҷ̫ˣĸɲһôᣬľų淭һ飬˭ҵӵôҶͷһݶȻܽȫûаԼһ̲ˣǷǳؽҶһͨ
˵Щɾ̫ˡҶЦЦŤͷҶҾƵ굹Ǵûȥ֮󣬸о͸һ
Ҷͱʾ¿ľƵ꣬ûжءķһһΪ˽ʶѣǴɷɵġ
ˣҶЩʵ


560 ܹӵľ
ˣҶЩʵ
ܽΪͨ񸱲ĹӣȻҶܸҶʶҪ˵רΪ˰ܸҶʶҲе̫߿ܽˡ
һݶԵȵ⣬Ҫ֪ܽɱֻһµڶѣҶݲҶҵļ̳ˣͬʱ߹٣ϵĲ໹Ǻܴġ
ҶҶ֣ҹϵܺãҲ֪ĹأȻ߶죬ǶҶĲء
ϾõܣѾ˲õ߲ЩλҲҶ࿴ҶȻҲܹԼֵܵͷ
λ·ˣӦϾ͵Ҷ˵
߽˾Ƶ꣬Ϳ˰
߶İҲŵģϵͳˣװκԲ˹ë̺棬֯ŸִڽɫʵͼּҾҲǶװεݻޱȣٸƽ״С棬ôʯ߶Ϣĵط͸ҵȵȡ
áһλƯŮӣۣ΢΢ӭ
Ѷ𲽣ҶһüëҶ
ʮɣҲǲҶЩνػش
ڷַӶǼʮ£Щϸ֦ĩڵ飬Ȼôˣ飬ȻȥΪϰֻҪһĿС
ʮİã۸ھҲǶˣһЩ˽⣬滹ûмܹˮ׼ġ
ôȥۺˣȥˣҶʵ
ۺҶĲҵԭ鴦ǰҲҶ鱨ϵͳӯȻǾֳе̳
ȥۺѣǾ൱ǸҶǮġ
ԽӣˡҶҲṩ񡣡
ҶʱЦҶȻھǣҲͣȱŮ˾ͻڣѩǻڼ䣬ҪţǲܵģҪܳҰʳġ
һҶҲеͷǰܰˣеţҶȥ飬ѩҲˣеЩ⣬ڿ⵹Ǻ¶ֻҶһһСλͬʱУ϶ڸ˵ͬʱҲеͷҲⲻ˵ġ
㻹ŵСĵòҶ˵
Ա߶ŵĲܽɣһֱڹ۲ֵȻʶҶˣҶȴǵһμʲô˵ʲô˵ǺСĵġ
ʱҶҶ֮Ļ⣬˻⣬ܽɾ̲ס˵ڳЩȷʵЩݬ룬ҶǵĻ޵Ҷ㻹Сĵá
Ů˵۹ǺܸߵģΪǸŮҾԸϰҶһ۵
ҶĴҪȦҵģЩûгģ߿СǣСԱǣ϶ҶֵĶ󣬵ȻˣҲôģҪ˽һ¶Էıò̫ĽģҶٵĴ
̫֣ҶҪ뷿ţĻҲлϾЩһˣͲˣŪüＦɹǾͲҶٳĵĳԡ
С̫࣬Ҳȫûҡܽ˵Ǿ仰˵úóԲӣ治ɩӣھ涼ˡ
飬ðɣҶüͷʵһǳʲô鷳ýģ˴ñӣưոݣ̫ˡ
νļְңְѧ˵ȦѣӦöͣΪʲôִ˲ƣԭܼ򵥣¡ܽ˵һ֣治ôͬЩְܾҵľߣңȻˡǣŶж󣿶ˣȻܳ
ҶЦȻ˵ҲûְʲôĶǳС㿪ʼ־Ӫˡ
ƺǺװѾġ
ǰһͬѧûʲô֣Ҳνְң·ߵһһεĵһεļְѧøɣԷŵǺ崿ԳƲС㣬ֻǶܹΪ˲ӸżְּϰΪҺšܽ˵ѧ˵ѧ֤ͬѧգǸжòףּİ٣չһǧá
˼죬ͬѧ£ϹתһС·һ·߰Ħְ꣬ҵϰߣ̧ͷ˼ۡҿȻּǰѧö棬֪ϵ漴гĦϰ壬ѣϰ˵һ壬һܽЦͬѧһָѧãˡȥ֮ѧһѱһᣬ˵زȷʵҪǮװ翪չ־Ӫԭ¡ͬѧȻܰôܲСǮɣȷʵҲֻǺ棬νְҵզ£ѧòһһʮ̹ףְңоųðģܼ򵥣ɽկְҵװαѧ֤˸ϵˣƽʱڰĦϰ࣬ϵҵװðְҵģǵ͵С㣬ϾְҼ۸ҲֻмٿһΣ̫ߡҹܻߵεСǧˣǮ
СоҶٿŲܽЦ
Ҳ̸оˡܽ˵Ƕԣ΢¶һ˼ŮҪǶͨ˶ԣ˵˰죬⣬ЧʵǮٵҷǡ
ŶҶҶˣһ㶡
껹Ƿչòģڴ棬Ǻ𣬵û뵽ǾȻṩַ
ͬѧиѿ˵С̫̫ۣ࣬Ů̫ʵǻܽ˵ֱڳԵǼǣ٣ԺκηãֱҵΪֹõô˷ЧãǼʱԼɺʲôĹ˲ãֲš
ҲУҶЩ˼δؾôɡ
ͬѧѿĻεһ࣬ǰǰŪ˲ʮȫҡһϴˣΪ˫ĿȷתĨǣֻҪһ˫ΪԼϾͿԿչ﹥ƣֻҪͲ̫ϴסܽ˵ͬѧңѸ˵ģֻһϹʣµĶҸоġ
ҶҶ棬û뵽Ȼġ
֪Ǵյһûʲôû˵ſͻȻһеԵŮèצӸһƵġ
ҶŤͷǱ߶˹ȥͼһλźɫ£ƤµŮӣͬһʮңЩһ˽
ƤµŮ߽֮󣬾ͽ̵һԣȻԾҶ
ܣҶʱһ㶣û뵽Ҳˡ


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ĺɫ½ĸеøˣҶһۣͷ£ɼɱжˡ
ֻǴ۾͸¶Ŀ֮Уͳˮ⣬Ҷеܲˡ
һ㣬ҶмûиһˣѹеԹ˵ʱҲġ
Ҷ֮ȷʵеСģȻ˶û˵ߵһʱе˵ĸоͨǲһġ
ҲЦӱȽϳȣܸƫһЩеϵ
ʮˣӦȶˣҶôѡ
϶λ־ӣӵĸǵ񡣡ҶҶ˺С
еǷǳЦŶҶ˵˵ҶӢۣһȻ۽簡ʮɲʵҲڶˡѹϵ߶˵ҶϵļҽҶٺҶǾˡ
ӿˡҶӦ䣬ҶһȦӵˣʶˣ۵һԵ֣ȾƣȾơ
˵ͨ͵ϵͳӰܴĲš
⼸ڵľ÷չٶȱȽϿ죬չҲܿ죬Ӧ͹·죬ÿ춼µĹڿ衣
˽ͨ͵Ҳ˱Ƚŵ󲿣ӵطǵĻŶǵﲻ쵼һЩţǸҪ
Ҷܲܽɺ־ҶʶҲǿǵλڵĹϵҶԺô
Ȼ˵ҶǼίǣǲԺҲҪڼίһ˵طһֵĻչãУҪͨ͵ŵֵ֧ģȻ˵ҶҵͷǹҲѹˣԱҪĹϵҪġ
ܽɺ־λڣǱȽϻ׵ˣϯ˵˵ЦЦʱ׳ЦоЦ̸ʲôģյǲ
˺һСʱľƺ󣬲ܽɾ˵Ҷǣ˵ӶʡǱ߶һٹ·ˣ
˵飬ûʲôֱӹϵҶ˿ھƣ΢ЦŻشǼίǣҪǲһɲΥҼΪմϱ߶
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Ҷ˵ͷ΢˵һЩʡҲһֱ飬Ҫϣõ֧֣ͨоôͶ룬϶Ҫз򽻵ģĻʡҲûôǮͶȥ·
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Դɽͬ־κӶʡ֮󣬾Ϳʼ⣬λʡίһְˣһʡְǴȨһץʱ򣬵ȻҪȫƶ飬ȡʡٹ·ʵ
ȻˣʡҲãʡҲãںӶʡҪ޽ٹ·뷨ֻ֧֣ԵҲܴҪԭǣͶʵе󣬺ܶ˶ΪԺӶʡڵԣͻȻҪϸٹ·ĿʵЩøԶ
ǮˣҪǺܶ˾ãٹ·ǻȽԶҲһЩʼｨٹ·ӳʵӶʡƺ˺ܶࡣܽ˵ͨҲȽأʱûͳһ˼롣
ʱһЦˣͨʲôʱͳһǣʽ̫࣬Ҷۺ¡
ٹ·ۣǧһңȻˣʵʽе׳̶ȣͶһЩ֮࣬ǱȽϰɡ
˵ȻҲʵ顣ܽɿЦһβȽϴȴΪӶʡԤ㣬ôߡ
Ҷˣɵһ㶡
ʲô֮ҲЩƶԤˣ治ȻԤˣΪʲôҲ
ܽˣЦЦû˵ʲô
ҶܿͷӦˣɵһͨ˭ңǵ˰ɣ
ܽɸ־ʼ磬ʾԼ顣
ң飬֪治ࡣҶһ̯Ҷ˵
ҶҵĳûҶϵ治࣬ҼĴ£Ҳ룬Ͼѡ̳ûѡٳЩǲܸġ
ҶҵһЩҶǺҪ˵ԶκĵҶˡ
¶һҪһµġҶ˵
Ȼ̾ʹ绰Ҷүӽ⣬ҶǼˡ
Ǽίǣ¶Ҷһ۵
ǵļίںӶʡĵͷϵġҶش
ܽɽ飬Ȼǲǹ𣬵Ҷ֮ȷʵôʹ졣
ɽˣȷʵⷽ棬úܵλ
һ滮еĸٹ·ںӶʡҪȻԶ
Ҫ븻·仰˵ûһٹ·ͨĻ͵Ǵ˺Ӷʡغĳͨʱһ쵽ϣɹǺܴġ
ʡͷãЧʣҲǵĺӶʡĺܶʣ˳
Ϊһ½ʡݣҪذΧغ߳ţȷʵźܶѣܶϰΧʡҲϣһǿʡԼ
Ͼ֮Ǵھϵģ˼ǿˣˣڸ쵼ľУһҫ۵ͬžߣҲһ־޴ѹ
ԣӶʡٹ·ô׾޵ġ
Ǹղܽһ仰˵ú˼Ǿԭ򣬲ΪӶʡĸٹ·Ԥ㱨ĸˣǱĵˡ
ﲻ仰˼ΪڹٳУҲûᵽٳϵһЩǱ
Ԥ˵Ļ·ɶԴзһմÿʲôȵĿͶʱ򣬴Ҷеǳ˷ܣΪ׬ǮĺûᣬԼܻ¸Ҳȫߴð˴ʲôģ˻մ⣬Ṵ̄ȥת־ǰ׺ӵ֡
·ݽķ͸Ҳߣξ·ˣ˵ôֵͨ͵ģ˲תܹͶʵʽеľѣǺٺ٣ǽҵĿУԻǸڿǮҲ
ǺӶʡƫƫԤˣ
ܲŻʣԤôͣǳʲô
ٹ·ĸʡͬҲԹصǺӶʡ·ôޣȴԤ㱨ôͣЩԤƫߵʡ쵼Կ
ԣһɽˣȻҪСǮ¶¶ϰյĸȴǵĸܡ
ɽ̫ʵˣ¶Ҷҡҡͷ
ǻĹٳϺĻ͸ﻮˣҲôۡ


562 Ҫ
еȺ־ҪһЩھǵȽϤǰڲίְʱͲȺֻίԼһЩҪ򽻵ȻҲ٣ȴڱȽǿƵĵλҲûоʲôס˵طǸӣеʱˡ
һκӶʡҪ޸ٹ·鱻ãȻԭģǲܴĸɽǰ²Բԭ֮һ
һԭ򣬾ǺӶʡٹ·ȫһʮңԤͶʽʮڣдԼķ֮һʽҪнġܽ˵ҲǰûйģԸҲһֵ֧ģзԵġ
Ҷˣ˵ͷŶ·շѻҲʲô⡣
ľУ·Ǻձһˣٹ·ǱҵһͶʮҵĸٹ·ʮҾͿԲҵӯڵһҪշѶʮϣпܻȡշѡ
Ȼٹ·ǻ½𵰵ĸҶۺġ
ȻˣŵĻշѵߡ
һҵĹӴţÿշѽͲˣÿ룬Ǿ
Ǿ˳ȻɡҶĥһ£ԼҪȥ飬еʦ˼ͬʱҲпһѵ鷳òʧԾͲ¶
˵ʵڻ·飬Ȼ˵츣һ飬Ͷʽ̫󣬶ʽٶȣҲܵ߷Ӱ죬˽ʽһ²ǺԸͶ뵽С
Ȼ˵ҶĹƣҾͿͶʽԺӯҲҪǵһͨ͵ء
ӳԶͶʸٹ·飬ͶȣȡõǲܹᲢ۵ģǶҶˣʮʱֻӯֱڴ
һǶڸٹ·Ľɣ˵ؽͨɴ˶ٷչ̺̻Ǳȴ޴ġ
˽˶ԣͶ벻ʣվҵĽǶϿ⣬ӦǷǳˡ
ϧǣڹҵĲԣҪؿ޸ٹ·δ
ٸӣ˵ںӶʡһĲ룬Ҳʮڶѡ
һһٶ๫ĸٹ·Ҫʮң·һ޵׶ҲѹָԴ˶Щìˡ
վںӶʡһֵλ⣬ɽȻϣģһ·ˣںӶʡõĴ̼ɲһ˵һ䲻̫ŵģʡ򾭼úпܻ˶֮һϣ߸ࡣ
飬ҶԼҲһЩ岻˵ԼǲӦôһ֡
ȻǺںӶʡһʲôǿǵɲǣĸоδؾôУͼʵ˾Ӷ࣬ҶеЩȻ
߶˻Ȼתõѡ
˾ûһ˵Щ߰顣һ߶ЩģͲ˵
㵱Ȼ÷ˣ꼸ڵ׬ţѾȫŮ׸ˡܽɾЦ
Ů׸Զء￴ҶһۣЩ˵һ꼸ڵ룬Ҷ棬㲻ʲô
楺ͳ涼ߵñȽϽȻ֪λĸ㣬ҶǮʱ򣬶Լġ
ȻˣﻹҶڶ˹Ǳ߶׬һʣһԾ͸ʮ㻨ǮǮλȫԼ˼ǲȥʵġ
֪飬͸ƽˣʵĳ̶ֳѾԼҶŮˡ
ҶȻֻЦЦ̫ǫˣܸͲĵķչ˵һǧǵӯܹͻƶʮˣҪ˵츻ٶȣȫǰʮġҲаˣҪŮ׸Ļûʲô˸˵ԼŮ׸ˡ
Ļ϶֮оݵģǰԱ߶Ĳܽɺ־ˣһ
֪ںǱ߶ܸͲĻظɫȴû뵽ʱѾչ˹ģˣȷʵǱҵ
һ룬˼ܸͲĻؿɲֻںһأȫʡл϶أôҶĻҲԡ
һζʱڵĽҵʼߺ죬ܸͲΪɾҽʡľĵƷȷʵõ˺ܶطĳɹżȻ
ӮܸͲĻأҪȳVCDӰ׬Ǯö࣬ϵļѶҲҪ͵öࡣ
ǴӳԶĲҵչҵҵİոδгǰһҵ߶˵ӲƷз֮ǰ;Ͳˡ
ǱȽϿడǧĵӶ۷̡ܽЩĽ˵Ҷ٣ҶǣкĿҲֵһǳ⣬Ҳźȵ
Ҷһ߶Ц˵ʲôʱţϸǸǣҽܸʶģϴûУ
־˵ô̫ˣС׷Ů˿ʼϴʲôʱ򳬹죿
貿񸱵ĹӣǺܴģǲܽɵҲȽϿɣȱǮҲ󷽣ϵŮˣֵܹߵġ
治ܸٶٱȣ˼ҶǧѡģҾͼʡܽ˵Ƕ٣ѣһ־ǾһĳС㣬ǣֻиɵ۶ˡ
ǣҵܵһ𣿡Ҷᵽһ㣬ҲЩԵá
ǰҶЯҶҶǳϢˣҶٵϸӣҶҵļҽ̱ȽϣҶƽʱٴԼϰֻүүųȥ˻죬һ½ҹеĸо
Ͳͬˣ˵ʱЩ֪Լݵ˵ֻҪһ䡰ҶҵܡĻֻҪǹٳеĸ߼ɲǣ϶һȻȻ𾴡
¶ȾơҶһԱ߶ɫǺܺã;еľƱԲܽҲ־˵
߶ԳԺȺȣҲû˵ʲô
ɢ֮ҶŶҶ˵֪λʲô˼𣿡
¶ô֪Ҷ˵
СܺҪȥӶʡ˳㽨糧ȻҪϵˡҶ˵Ȼ˵ӶЩǵ˺ӶǱ߶ǿѹͷߣҪҸ˲ź˵
Ŷԭô¶ҶˣҲûоʲôֵġ
ܽɺ־ھй棬ǱȽģǵֶڣҲҸңҪ׬ǮҲףõ͵Ծ뵽ҶͷϣǿƵļίϹϵȥ˺Ӷ֮ҲиӦ
˵Ҳǽưɡ
飬ҶǺܷУֻҪ鷸Ƶ飬֮䣬ܰһҲʲô¶


563 
Ҷȵеˣ˾ͻȥˡ
סҶҶһԵ
סƵ¡²̫ߡ
Ȼ˵ھҲзΪ˾ںǱ߶߶ķҲѾãһӳڿãҲûмҵĸоˡ
ԣÿһλؾ¶ϲסھƵ棬һ㣬Ҳᴥ飬ʲôϵĲ
Ȼ˵ϳ¼ҵϱʵǿѾѸ˥ϳ¼ңҲú
۲Ϊ
ʵϣȻϳ¼ϱţȴ͸ϳ¼ûˡ
һЩϵĻﻹǻμһ£˵ϳ¼ҵĳ׷ʱȥˣƽʱûʲô
ĸƵꣿȥҶ˵
ﱨ˸֣Ҷˣ΢Щӡ
ΪҶʱҶ˾ӵģҶȸˣҶ˾ȥҶĳ档
ôƣва˸ʻϣһҶеġ
ƿƶѣ㲻ʲôǳǧҶ˵
Ҷ˿ĳӣЦһֻ³˰ʲô
ɯQuattroporteش
Ŷֲÿе졣ҶЦ
ʵϳ֮ǰͿϵꪱʶˡ
ɯQuattroporte֣˵⳵Žγ֮⣬ʮǰʼѾͬ߹γĴˡ
˵ӵQuattroporte˴඼ˡӰǡңһֱ߼Աݡ
ҶQuattroporteΪ綥Ľγκϣʾܶ಻ͬƷƵഺ
ҶһελãȻ󷢶˳ӣ4.2V8ĶԵ÷ǳǿ
ʵҶЩܳĸҲһ㣬ƽʱһܵĻʲôһģ쭳ĻܻкܴĲͬ
Ӧ·ʱ򣬸ֲͬĳͣҲвͬı֡
ɯѾظչˣֻǱƷƣڹȥʮ굱Уɯȡ˽500׵ʤ׶ʤȡ23ھƺţ32ʽʤΨһȡӡڰɲ˹500ӢʤƷơ
ӿ˹Ŀͧ£ɯеľĿǰé
˼Ĺͬص߱Ĳ˼ͨԣ·桢µϣڴС
Ҷӷȥһζ󣬾ͳ޵⳵
⳵ŪİٶأҪǲþͿˡһ˵
ǺеģҶȶˣɲסӣֻʱͷȥһҶͷûһ⣬ȻɢŨľһӦҲûУֶҲȻǳݡ
ҶĲٿ£ڴ·ϴţԽһһĽγ嵽ǰͷ
Ǿò񫣬Ҷڴ϶ȦſסľƵ¥¡
ղűŻˣô졣Լظ˵
ܳܵģƽʱǸ٣ֻ˵ɢҶЦ
˶ϲܳʵ
ȻȫҲܷһ㡣Ҷش㳵Ů˵ͬ˵ٶȺ֮ͬһڵģһڵġ
ܳٶȺ⣬˵ٶȺ˵ٶȣָҪ𣿡ʵ
ǺǣȻˣô뵽ǸǾͳйˡҶЦٶȣָܹŮ˴ﵽ˵۷壬˵ȫ¶
˺ϲԼⷽһ
ⷽ棬ûԸԼСҶ˵
Ƶķ˹Ǵ򿪳š
˽˾Ƶֱ֮˵ݡ
סǸ߼׷һ˻ڷҪסͳ׷Ҳ̫ݳˣˣҾƵĸ߼׷ҲܿˣҲнٸƽףװ޺ֱرƷһӦȫ
ϺЩƵԵʣĲЩȣսţͱʲôһ£Ӷʱһ
žһбˤڵ̺ϡ
ϡƺһ
Ҷڿƣû뵽Ȼˤˣعͷʱ򣬾ͷḧŵĽüͷ΢ƺŤ˽
ôˣҶ˹ʵ
Ьˡ˵
Ȼ߸ЬЬӵײˣѹˤ
ЬǮģôЬҲϣҶЩ
ǧأѵǼٻҲЩŵ
רݳƷӦǿסģϾЬȻҲټʵЬӵٺãƳֺܴĻҲǱȻġ
ĿԣǸոʧȥƽʱ򣬾޴ʹЬ˼ŤתԾͶϵˡ
Բɣ䣬ЬȽϴࡣҶ˵ȻʵûŤţ
ﱾ׼أҶôһ˵ʱüͷϣеԾУеۡ
𶯣㡣Ҷûж룬һŤģЬҲͦߵģ벻˶ѡ
ҶͶӣһִҸ´һִֻ䣬ؽ
Ȼ飬ʵûжأֻǾֲȽϷ
㿴ŸͷͦģûʲôҶϮˣЩ鶯Ǿ˵
һֱΣѧ٤Ů˵ͣעر׾ͱɷˡЩ˸е˵
ʵϣҶҲǳ뷨ŮٶǮҲܹ˵ĴڣįеŮˡ
Ҷߵ棬ƽڴ棬ȻЬӸ
һֱпյʱů쳣
Ҷһ̺ӹϣȻͷĽѾ
ġﱻҶ׽ס˽Ѿʱе˵ܣеϷ̣ģ͸èץһ
ҪѽŸȴһЩ᲻õĸоеЩʴӡ
֯ŤˣȷҪŪһ°ɣҶ˵
šҶȥϴңŪһëˮʪˣȻ˻ڴһ࣬Ȼｫ
Ĺ˫Ⱦ¶˳ѾҲԲǽֺͿĨϺɫָͣȥĿ
ҶˣҲɵôһ£Ȼ׽סһֻѾӣëڽ档
ܵ⣬ɵһ
ôûкһЩҶĵʵ
ŶǺһЩش
㰴Ħһ¡Ҷ˵ž֣ëĽ໬赼Χ֯;硣
еһ˵ܰоɵý۾
ܡҶȻͣ˶ЩŹֵؿ
ôˣ۾ʵ
ˡҶ˵Ť˵š


564 ʲô
ĵİɡҲ˵߻ӣһž˹ȥ
Ҷڴ߶ϣûзķӦôһʱʧ죬Ȼһţ󷭹ŵȥˡ
ڵذ屾ʵľģ滹źë̺ҶƤģˤҲûʲôرĸоЩĸоֽ̯ţڵ̺ϡ
һŰҶ´֮ҲеڣһҶһҲеš
û¶ɣýѾӶ˶ҶСȡ
ҶȻûʲôӦһ
ﻹ浣İҶˤôɵЩż
ӴҶϣû¶ɣװŻ˭أ
ǳů·ȴܵȥĳȼҶ֮䣬ȥ
ҶڵϾ;ĳλЩܲˣ
ȻļһˣǰûоʲôףȻӦ֮󣬾񴥵һɫȴǺ˾һ㡣
Сһ£Ҷһ
ʱ򣬺ɲɵزȵдȻ˵ֻǹŽţûвλãһһҲǺܵģ˷״̬
ҶʱɫѿҧгݵеĿĸо
û¶ɡ˭ҡҲղŲȵĵطЩ⣬ֻڵҲģЩڲԣû¶Ҹʲô
ȶ˰ɡ
ȶҲ⣡ҶߵвģҪǲˣԺҸָ𣿣
Ӧû¶ɡ͵ʵ
ԼῴҶһ۵
ҸҾ͸ҿʾ˵۾Ҷе˼
֮񣬾еų𻨶˼ˡ
ԭеֻһֱţǽ£ƺʧصĿܡ
ҪİҶҲеջǵĸо
ʱ̫ˣҲпﱾһ飬ԴСΣ֮ǱʶоѾﵱԼŮˡ
ֻ뷨ֲ˵˾һֱôš
ֱ죬ЩƲסˡ
û뵽Ҷһˡ
ͻȻǼһԼǰεţƺЩ׶ضԼͷӶʱסˡ
ʮ֮ŷӦһסԼ۾
̬Ҷɵҡҡͷ
ܶŮӶΪ۾סʲô鶼ᷢ뷨Ҳ̫ˡ
۾оҶԼŵ˴ϣȻ·ֻ¡
飬֪ҪôʱͻȻҶ뿪˴
ţеЩ֣Ľָƿ͵һͿҶŵң˶ĵӻ
ΪţȣڴǰϦͬ־
еǻԲزţǳʽӡ
ٽˣ쵼Ƿ׷»οʵг̣ŵ÷ǳÿ춼ܹͬ־ҶүӵĴӲοʵӰүҲƵƵ²ӣսʿһ
еЩ֣ԼòһģȻҶ˼꣬ô˵ķϣֻǴ£ܲ޶԰ɣ
ѵ˵ǸղűȵеԾˣ
ں˼룬ͼҶתˣʲôûдܹóҶȷʵȽϽûһ׸⣬Ȼ˵ּУУȴĸо￴ЩĶҲЩûʧ
㿪ʲôﳶԱߵ̺ӣԼ
ӵȻˡҶߵǰһҲȫ¶ǰȻЩа˵ܻе󡣡
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ţ;ԼҶѹģ̺湰һŶҲȻҶ˳˦ڵϡ
Соǰ͹Ҷ棬;ԼӺƺ絽һ㣬޳Ƚؾһȴñֱڴϵһ£λõһűȥ
ʮӵʱ䣬еԼƺѾҶˣҲֳۺɫͷɢһҶŪɸ״ȫûʶ
˫֮ܣȻ֮йůӿȴ˲ʧȥʶ
ȵʶ»صʱ򣬾Ϳͷ̺ҶͻȻͷ̽˳ЦſԼȻ󲻻ؽֵָ˳˻ΣָЩʪƺһξӨ͸¶顣
ôӣҺһΡãĵ˵
ղŸĸо֣ʹ࣬õĴһĸܣһȫµ飬޲ýס˺ѣȴ޷ָоĿ⡣
ˣҶϹ˹۾Ц˵ϷŸոϳء
е¡òƵҶı󣬽ץļ米Щŵ˵
£Ǻܺ顣Ҷ׻׻յ
ԼǰĦţܹܵǰٺѸٵؾ˷Ӧ˫Ҳʼһִ̼֮£Ҷı֮䡣
ȻҶĲϸο֮£Ѿ׶ˡ
һ죬ǲѾԤıþˣܵҶԼ¸ػ˷ĸоڳһֻסҶ壬
ǰɣĵһΣҲǸҵİҶش
ҶԼҲѾﲻסˣʲô˼о⣬Լϲ˲䣬͸еͬǳ壬ָ֮ĸдҲͬѰ
类һ˫СӦҲǺܲܰɣҶš
ҵĵһΣǸ˻ƹϰɡﷴԵ
ȻǸ˻ƹϣ˵ʱ龰ȻЩдҶĻһˣѾû
ڷ֮Ļȥ
ʱ򣬲Ӧ顣Ҷ˳Լ˫ѹڴϣȻԼ»ˮζ
СüͷһʹĸоϮȴѾҶ˽˵ֻеһβŻʹ𣿣
ξͲʹˣ飬ҲءҶһ߶شţһ߶Ѿض
Ҳ֪˶֮ͣ
㿴ҵľǰɣŵӻ᲻еͷŸ飿Ҷ˵


565 ˷
Ҷ˵֮Ҷļͷҧһڣһҧۡ
Ҷ˵ҲûղķӦǱȽϴ󣬰еĽ˵߿γһ֣ͬʱҶıһǳɫץۡ
ҶҲû뵽е֮⣬һںͷצӣղؼʱ̣ʮöָ׼ǶҶ档
ֿ湻ݵġҶղе˷ܣûע⵽һ㣬ȴЩĸоɵЩЦõ
ҰˣȲĳС㣬ҲȲɰе˵˵˵Ƿ˵
ҶͷҲûʲôƢ
޴󰭣е֮⣬ûѪ
ֻ˵ָҲǱȽĶܶ˵ƤԱ˵ָץãԹܶ࣬ҶȻܺãȴҲס
һӣҶ;ñЩĸо
ܵԡҵľǰգͷЩ˺۶Ѿ΢ˡ
ָжҶ֮󣬾̾Ϣ
ҲеˣΧԡ߹˿Ҷ󣬾е˼Լ֪ղžȻôķӦҶıץˡ
ҪҪȥŪܶҩͿϣʵ
ˣʱˡҶ뻹ҡͷ֪ʮһˣȻ˵еطҩʲôĿŵĿԾĲ
ϾֻǾѣʮСʱҹĵ̣Ǻܺ
ͿһˡҶ뵽һ취
𣿡ʾЩɡ
Ҳǳ˼ңһֱĶŵӣȻĹЧҶһ˵еü
ûġҶش
ﲻ⣬Ҷͽ͵ĳɷ֣һЩõģĸʲôҲƤָЩϳഺͿĨġ
֮󣬾͵ԡȥңһܶ
ŶЧͦõġҶ˾͵ͷ
ҪҪϴһ£࣬Ҷı󣬵֪ô֡
ֱͿϰɣˮϴĻƻۣҿܻȾҶ˵
ｫ༷Լָ棬ȻظҶͿĨ
ҵģղŪҵʱ˵
ͿĨ֮󣬾͸еһҶ˺ܶࡣ
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Ҷע⵽ָϵָûָͷȽЩײģ˾档
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˭˭ҶӦȰĳָ׼ˡ
ߣΪʲôҪĻЦţֻ˳ʮָ濪ΰεģƺǶԼĳָǳ⡣
ҲСҶ˿ôָףЭǾеһ׸ϡ
ꡭˣʱˡ
ʱҶЩСˣƽʱǴûôġ
սһˮʧеҶߵЩˮȡ
ܲȰ·ϣƨȥģ˼ҿ۾˵
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СһԡҶ°Χ
Ŀյ㣬˶Χԡڿɳϣ۵С۵ضš
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ʲô
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ҶҵˣҶүӣ極ĴҲ֪ģǵͷġ
ߣʵҲ極飬ֻװ֪ѡ
⣬Щͬ
Ȼ˵ϳ¼ҵӲûķ޹ϵϵɷҲˣϵĹϵûа취ġ
Ȼˣѡٻ飬ϳ¼ҲûʵҲסҪҶҵĿȷʵҲûС
ԸĨ׼ˣҪָȥŰҶˡ
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Ȼ֮󣬲ûֻЩƵ˵ҵȻ֪ⲻܣһ˵ģͲֲǶѵ顣
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ˣ˭Сô࣬ԭСһôҲСҵءЩй˵
˵ӶʡҲ֮ˡ
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ֻϳ¼ϱݣȷʵЩΣϵɷ򣬵ΪģʿԼҶԸȢԼҲؿڡ
Ϊ£ָָȥĻǻһ˹أֻҪϳ¼ҾѣֻԼ˵Ļ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ʵϣǰǽԺõģȻۺĳӣҲ׬ǮĹ߶ѣĻҲСҪϻ顣
֮ˣѵ׻Ŀ˷򣿡ЩҶ
Ҷ˶ʱЦ¶治˵һܲɡ
ϴνʱ˼ְģȻҶ֪ƹȾѪȴ֪Ȼûëһ֮£ŷĲ֮ͬҲ֪أԭҶĸоȷʵȽϼһЩ
ˣܼ޸Ҳãʡú㡣̾˿
ҲЩɣ֪ڰ׻˷ĴţǼ٣˵ûʲôĻôԼϹûγʵˣҪ˵ûһӰ죬Ҳš
飬˵Ǽ١Ҷ§˵⵹ģһ壬ĺ˵ܲܵ𡣡
˼˵Ҷܵˣﱻ§ţȻЩһ˫ҲҶؿڣ޵ػȦȦ
˵ٰʽ¶ҪУܹŵġҶЦһһѳϵԡ
˷ءģ˵һ


566 ż
ҶھǴ˼죬ûȡ
һǱ̫ãǻҵйĳڣһһҶȣöһļϣеֲ˼˼
ǳСųүȥϷĻҶھǴ˼춼ŰݷãС϶ǻᱩߵġ
ҪӶȥģǰһЩ˾Ǳ߶ĹҪ׵ȻЩ̷ֱȴҲֻзֱ
֮ҶҲһ
ȷʵܲˣ⼸Ҷ˳Էϲ֮⣬ڴϡ
ҲҶ⣬Ļͱҩˡ
Ǹ޷ݵϹûսϵĻҲڴϣ׻Ůȷʵеֲ̫ˡҶ滹е̾
о⼸굢飬ȫ⼸棬Ҷˡ
⵱ȻǺĿ飬Ҿ嶼õ˺ܴã̫ƵˣȷʵҲ˳Բġ
Ҷ⼸ʳ¶ҲѲϵġ
¶ʮţҶ˷ϡ
һηϲûҶͬھǹڣԴҶǸеܸˣȻ˵㷽ϳͦĽ飬ǶҶԣһξ㹻ˣƽʱҪôֻһѡ
ⷽĹȻȥ
⼸죬ҲǴæµʱ
ǸҶཻȽеһЩ߶ģʲôģҲҪкš
ĿǰҶҵļλҶүӺͶүӿ϶ûʱȥӴ˵ģҶӽȻھΪıܳҲæϾ˵ҶӳԶɶҶĸҶƽȴ飬˲ϼ顣
ΪⷽԭҶһϵ϶ҶС÷׳ޣΪ⽻ĸⷽ鵹Ǻ˳֡
ҶΪھԵʣżҲϵڵͬ־Ǵкϼ䡣
ϾΪҶҵĵŲ̳ˣҶݺ͵λҲǷǳҪģѾȡĿĳɾ֮ϵڵҪǣ
˵úãڹҲļ壬һָɵйԺռ壬ӰǱ鼰ȫ
ļ壬Ƿǳǿġ
μҲͬĵһмԺȥĵԺվǷǳֲһӰܻ뵽浱ȥԺյĻôпܳΪ̳ϵĳǺʮֳڣҲ̳ϱһĵλԵ塣
ڴҶıҶܾȵط֣ҶҵĵǶ󱬷һ۴λǾãܼҲϵڵͬ־Ǹеǳˡ
һϵڲмɽͷ໥ܹһĻ̳ϳʢ˥ûоϵǳŲģһϵڲҲһ䣬ûоĻͬһɢɳΪ
ͷУ
˼ĽӴ֮ҶҶҵһЩΧҲеЩԾ
Ҳ֪ҶүôӪģȻô˶֧ӵѹܹȵгίλϣ˿ҡʹڼǰôΣʱ̣Ȼʯһ㡣
ʵҲҪͷؽĻͬ޷ƿش֡
Сûʲô㣿æô죬С÷׳ҲЩƣˡ
ɳ棬š
ûʲôˣЩҪ绰֮⣬ǸǺȾƳԷ£껹ӣҶش
ǳԳԺȺȿɲУ£ĹϵҪ£׳Щп˵㿴үæô꣬°˲٣СҲû£Ҷҵһһôʢ˸пѽ
ү̳ô꣬ʵ̫ˣЩ˵УҪһЩܸɵġҶЦⷽǳģôԸ׷棿
׳ЩȻ֧ҶԼΰףҶԣԼһֽİף˭Ը֧ô˳Ϊ쵼ߣ
ͶЧҲǳҶү˴ģãҲҪҶƽίԱ£ͶҶ£ʲôأ
˵ҿλɲҶʵ̫ˣȵȨĻ֪ù꣬ҵͶСˣʵǵȲҲĲ
ȻˣһЩͬˣ˵ӵǣǲҶཻΪԺĵ·׼
ڵĽŲܿˣһҶܶһ죬ЩҴ磬ҲǺĺ󱲣Щͷ̫̫ǶӣҲĹͻ״ͬ־ǡ
ҶϼҰݷõʱ벻ˡ
ϵǸմӹίԱλģȻ𲢲ǸߣǸҶҵĹϵһֱȽУܹҶҵΧ䱾˵ĲҲǺܺõģҶҶү֮УŰݷãף´
ϵľкãֻ֮òѸ˥ϵļҲҶЩдΪζģһû䣬µֱӺǽ仯״̬
ϼҵԺӺܴ󣬷ÿҲͦġ
Ҷϣһλӵͬ£͵Ա߶ķ
Ŷʱ򣬾Ϳˡ
ףҶҲˣԷҶɵЩȵʵ
ǺǣľгҶľ֮ҲЩЦ⡣
˶û뵽֮һֱûϵȴ´ʱˣôľǣҲϡ¶ڵȦƺͬ
ԭʶǾһ¡ҵӵܼ״ʱЦ
Ŀ˺ܶ࣬һ˾͸ȥӭӿˣ˼λ߶̸
ҶǺϺ𣿡ľһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôãҶ
ϤɣǴΪݷõģϾ󱲵ģ͵öܶܶܲʧҶشȻʵľгأ
ǰڲίʱ¹ľݻش
Ŷ쵼ˡҶ˵ͷȴʼ²⣬ľʡгְǲϰŲģ
ҪһĸɲѶȵǲ󣬵ôŮԸɲҪλͲС¶ˣҲίԱܹһ¡
ľгõйоء
ֻΪԱϵһЩأ˵еıأľгֻ˵Ǻϸƫã׿컹кܴģڹڵЩŮԸɲУľݵıҲ൱ˡ
Ҳ൱չˡ֪ŮһĸɲľбƶĻĳɾӦûǱȽϲģʡɲλõĿԺܴ
ǰҶĸףʱϼ֪š


567 е
֪ŮľҶĻ֮󣬹ȻЦ˵ϸһķмء
ŶҶҲЩԾľϵЦݣȻŮЦоѡ
ν֪Ů˵ٳȷʵôģƺҲ޵
֪Ůеġޡָ޵ɻɸɲָ֪֪ʶӣҪǸѧְƸɲ١ָɲŮָŮԵĸɲ
һɲ߱һͻܵ֯ŵӣͬʱ߱ôõʹõļʾ͸ˡ
ʵ壬Ҳйѧֱ֮Ӿڻ㣬ŵ¹ģȥҲûжáľݿЩȵҶ͵
ŶԭҶˣȴҡҡͷԭ㲻ֻ֪Ů֪Ů
ľһ㶣ôһˣҶǲ˰
ǺǣҲǹٳ˵ҶЦ
ˡ֪ŮĴ˵֮⣬ٳϻһ˵ǡ֪Ů
¡ָ¹ĸɲָйѧĸɲ
ľŮԸɲѧĸѧ˲ţ¹㣬ȷʵеļˡޡֲ֮⣬ռȫˡ
Ҷ룬ûʲôĻľݵõεĿǷǳġ
ʵϣ֪Ů⼸ҲǽɲõƣҲһЩ
֯ʶذЩ˳ʵ쵼ӣҲΪ˽׼
Ҷǣѵھ㣬ԷΣһλؾ㣬û¡ľݺȻҶ˵
ô˵ҲһЩ̽˼棬ϾҶֳǷǳǿģܹΪã˵ֱʲôģھҲһӰ˵ϵļ˷Ϊϱ
Ҷĸ׾Σľһֱû˼𣬽ᣬҪʸġ
ϾҶҲǸίǡг㶦ռͼȨλȨأٳ˶֡
ܹҶùϵڽԣҲǺкôġ
ľĵ⣬Ҷô͵мίǣʵǵ߸ٳӡ
ľݾãԼѾǺữɲˣȴû뵽Ҷôһ̥
ԷͲ˰ɣڿʱ磬Ҳмҳûü̽ҶһºشľгʱĻһȥתתȻҸطһ
Ҳðû뵽ľݾȻӦˣһ˵ھʶ治࣬㳤ʶҲǺ¶
ǺǣʵҸҲǾⲻΪ;ܵûԺʲô飬ҲиӦҶЦ
߶½˼λˣֻǴұ˴˶ʶҲû˵ʲô
Ҷľһˡ
ʵϣǱ߶Ҳ֣˱Ƚ϶࣬Ҷϵļ˴˸кͺľһ뿪ˡ
֮ľݾ͸ҶߵԱ߶Ĵ£ͣҶĳ
١˾˸̣վ̫˾죬Ҷ̾ͷ˹
Ա߶ľһ㶣˵ҶȻĳӵܣ˾ҲẰʲô١
Ҫ֪ҶڵļίݣҪһļʲôүʽˣҲͷ˾Ȼ٣֤һ㣬ҶļǺġ
ֻ棬Ҷļ岻٣λȨصҲ٣ľݶԾǵҴ岢ǺϤҲܹȷҶһҵӵܣ
ߣǼתϼңܵðѽˡҶ˾˵
ľݸҶ˳;Ҷȷʵģһֵ֪ƣ˾ĸоҲ棬һ˵ƾ¶ˣɲԼΣֻгھ˲ֳܹ
٣Ҫȥļң˾ʵ
Ҷھ͵˼ңȥתһȦڵ˾Ϳԣܲ˼
á˾ˣͷӦ
Ա߶ľˣȴЩľղҶ㵽⼸λȻεĶǣȴҲԺһʱȥھҲãȫҲգյĴܹŰݷõģԲһˡ
˵Ҷܹһ·ųŶģǾ͸Ǽˡ
ȻһСʱСʱУľݾ͸ҶʶھĹϵÿһжԷĹԱ߼ӭ򣬸ЩȻݻǱֱ֮
ľݸҶҲ֪˵ʲôã֮ǺܱظҶһλλ¸ص쵼ǰʺãԷҲҶүүá
үүһλ˸յľݾҶ
һλ쵼ļ棬ŵӡ
ҶĻһָ˭λ¡
ľ˳Ҷָķ򿴹ȥͿٿ´軰ļλ쵼һλٲȻڽͬ־ԵģҶǬͬ־
ľݶʱһҿӦ죬һסԼͣЩŵؿҶ
ԭҶǬӣѹˣյǾô׳ơ
վ˼ҵϿ⣬ȷʵҪעЩСĸܡ
˵ֻҪеֱͲҪĻʲô⣬в۵˴ѹȻи߲Ҷͷ
ҶƽǡľݿҶʵ
Ұ֡ҶͷϵҶүүǾί׳ҶҴ󲮺ͶҲھ湤ֻҰ̳ϷչҲһˡ
֪Ҷ֮ľݵ𾪺ǳһӡ
й¶ȥĻûʲô˻ˡľ̾
ǿɲһҶЦҵͬͬͻǻеģһ˵УҲΪĻìܣοٳˣֹܶĻУû˸ԣֻһ״̬ǿƵҲԼĶֵģһ㲢Ϊݲͬ仯
˵ǶԵġľ룬ͷ˵
ȻãҶһŶδؾΪԵʡ
Ҷ뱩¶ݱĻɲôģľҲֻһɲѣ߱ȽᣬҶҿصġ
ҶȻôˣǾ˵ҶԸϣϣľ֪ĵϸġ
Ȼľڻ֪ôԭʲôǴҲܹܵҶϣԼ£ģǲҪ̨źá
ǲǻе⣿ҶȻľݵ
϶һˣҲû뵽ȻҶǬӡľЩп˵
ʵϣҶݱľݸһ飬ǾҶΪʲôҪԼݱ


568 ô
ΪʲôأľݿҶ۾ʵ
飬ҶΪʲôҪݱ
ҶʼձһظУȻ;չعˣǲĸߴˣΪʱ˳ɼǻ뵽Ҷұ
Ҷ⣬Ҳһִ˼ߵ˽졣
֮ܶҶԣʲô顣
ԣҶкܵ͵ģȻڰ참ǳţȴСĵûй¶ݱǺӶʡһЩ쵼ǣҲ֪֮꣬˼֮⡣
ľҪģҶΪʲôҪԼ˵ݣ
Ϊʲôž˺֮ԵְɡҶش
ҶľЦЦԼ뷨ҲһЩĪ
ʵϣǽһ򵥵عɣȻ֧µĺһ뿪ʥУȻ˰뼶ɲȴ뿪ԼһִʥҶǲˬ
ǴӳԶҲ㲻ʲô£ΪԷֶȻϣҶŵ˼ϣƫƫҶᰴ·ƣһ¶һڰףһɲ˾֡
ôһԷƾˡ
飬ҶȻЩǣԭֻίǽ󿭣ͻȻʡίί֮УλһӾˣ㶦ľ棬һ߶ơ
õҶǺܸðĽ󿭣߻һȵĴѹ
ȻڲûκμһҪôҶףٳһҲһÿǻƣǱ˷ˣôԼͱûˡ
ԲǴĸǶ󿭶дѹҶɡ
ͷĴãҶķͷ̫ȻϣҶѹ̧ͷô˵ҲʡίίˣʡĸɲȻô
ԣһθгľݵżԼǰֱµԵͱҶеץסˡ
гмίλĻڽ󿭶ԣȷʵҲǲСѹ
ΪˣľݶҶĻش𲻴ţ֮ʮ궼࣬ľݿɲԼҶСƨʲôԵ֡
ţһʲôԭ򡣡ľ˵
ȻŮģǱϾʮˣôҶЩԵʲôĶҪСĻŻܡ
Ȼ˵̫ŮʮҶɱʮľݶԣ൱ǿ󣬿ڹٳϴôõľݣײᱻԵӰ쵽Լжϡ
Ǻðɣʵҵ⣬ҪѰһλԳΪδΰ׵ĺ顣Ҷһ£гؿľ˵ҾãȽϺʡ
ľݶʱסˡ
Ǵû뵽ҶȻ£
ͷϸһ룬ľݾ;ҶҲûеģٸڵĴйϵ
˰뼶Ľ󿭣ҶľݶûǰӦԵٴһѹ⻰ǰ˵ģȻˣôҶҪѰҺıҪԣ͹Գˡ
ѡĺ飬Ȼľг
гмίֵĻǽѾʡίίҲȻҪɵ֣Ͼλһץһץ磬ǳصĶ֡
Ҫһ㣬ҶУ߶ҶҵĴͳΧҪչĿԾûˣôڷչΧҪԣҲֳˡ
ڲغⲿľǺбҪġ
ľݵ潫Щ鿼˺ü֮ʵʲôô
ôȻܶˡҶһľôоƶˣҶҵԴб㱾Ͳ֪Ů;ߵñȽ˳һص֧ʵ츣һˢһˢֵ
ˢֵľʶһʱ֮仹ܹ⣬ǴĻҲ֪Ҷ˵ЩʲôˣͷһӣȻʵҪʲô
Ҷ˼͸һ֣һֿ͸
ΪֲǺܶĳԱڲ飬ҶҲ֮УǴһǣľҲеģϾŮģͲ̫
ʮŮгûѧҲߣ壬ݶһЩӵܶԣ޵ĺĿꡣ
Ȼ˵֮ʮĲ࣬ⲢϲŮ˹ʲôϰʵϣܶڹǾϲ
ΪһŮгݣľݸǵ
ʵϣãֵõ쵼ϵչ˵ĻǺ˳˳ߵڵģȻˣҵҲһá
ľݵķȻֻҵ㣬ĳЩ棬ҵͨġ
ֻǣɷ֮ĹϵѾ䵭ˣȻûֵϷͥ飬ǹϵѾ⣬־Ӻܾˡ
ľҲһԼĻҲδ;һӰ죬пɽĻͲͬˣҶ˵ĻǶһЩá
ԣܹģԼҪʲô
̫Լ޷ܵĻôҶĽ飬ҲֻܾܾϾȻѡ;ɲû¶ģҪΪ˸Уʲôġ
Ϊʡ쵼֮ǰҪЩʲôҶľݣƺ֪ЩʲôΪʡ쵼֮󣬴Ű졣
ô򵥣ľЩȵʵЩţҶȻôɵ
˵ûʲôԼ˵ԼҶҵķ֣ʡ쵼λãߵλãôҶҶԼѵķʽЭ̣ʲô˭˭˵
Ҳ˵ֻҪľݲͬ飬ȫ˦ֲɡ
ô򵥡ҶǳŵرʾҶһԵ·ˣһľˡ
ôʲôôľݸе൱⡣
Ҷô˻һλŮԸɲ֮⣬ԣûʲôԵĺôľݲŻеɣϵڱżУľݾԼӦûֺ
ҶȻľݾļίǺҲУǶַȴҹͬΪ̫ðգҲ̫ңҶϢĵĻǸݲ
ֻڳһʲô˻飬ʵľͷʹѡ
Щ飬ʱһ¶һ¶ˣľȻҲ˻Ĺ벻ҪȥʵЧͺ˵
ԣľݾԼ͸ҶҶĽ飬Ҳ𸴣ҪµĶź¶ġ
ϣ˽ԶûйҪˣкôҸ˵ջ񡣡ҶĻش𣬵ľЩ⡣
ͬʱľ־ãǷᣬ浱ԼĹҵˣ


569 
Ļ˵ľݿҶ˵
ҶĻƺеߴˣ˵Ҷү˵Ļôľ˿ỳ⻰ʵԣҶ˵еˡ
ľݾãҶ˵˵Ļȷʵʱˡ
۴ǴְλƺҶʸô˵
ԣ򸣻֮ҲλǹҶʾȻֻһССɲػӦ÷ŵñȽϴһЩΪãûؽպĻԻͣһľгӦ˽ɡ
ɲСˡľ΢ЦſҶ˵ͣ˵һ漣
ľҶʮ࣬Űгλϣڹ̳Ѿ൱۵ŮԱ˵ҶԼλò⣬޻˵
ôҵĽ飬㿼һ°ɣҶ˵
ڰλŮʡегԼȦҶǺȤģҪ֪лȻҶʥλãҲǸѡ
ݱлľҪǿˣдлҵΪңͬʱһλڴڣɲĴʦ֧֣Ҷƶˡ
˵ľܹߵڣܲס
ϹȻһѣľûС֪ŮıȴҲôײġ
ҶľݣҲıйϵ⣬ǿ˳ۣľûкȷؼĳϵɡ
ת˼֮ʱͲˡ
ľгʲô͡Ҷľݳ֮󣬾˵
ҶͲŶҪÿ˵ˡľЦ
ҵʳЩɻĶҶش
ʵ壬ʳͬС죬ȻҲһЩⷽȽϽǺݲʲôҳԣʲôɻ䣬ҶҪľˡ
˳ⲻܾûˣʱڳ⵹Ǻֻܲǲöλӣ˳Ҳе񫡣ľ˵
˳ڵλȷʵöҶˣ͵˵ͷ
˵ƽʱĻҶӣҲܹ˳λӣֻڲͬƽʱڼ䣬·ǶŷԾĸׯǱ
ԤԼĻһЩĻʡ쵼Ҫҵʵλӣô׵飬ʱ򣬱ȵľǸԵϵˡ
ǾͳԵĶɡľݵǺܾ⡣
һ¡ҶֻߵһԣͿʼ绰
ӵӣҶ˻ϳɡ
ȥľһ㶵
˳¡ҶȻػشľЩȣͽ͵а嶩λӣ˳⣬ȷʵе˷Դˣ˳㺰ݹһ֣ɣ
ǮνġľЦ
ڶ˳һ٣ȷʵĶ࣬Ҷʱλӣ϶ҪѸģ˵аͿʡģôĻǻ˼ӵġ
ǾϳɡҶ˳ţЦŶľ˵
ףĪǿۣźµʤսţͿиŮһǳɵԽҰ
˶ںóǷǳעģҲ⣬ԽҰϿͺɣٿŵգͬǳţƣȻܲεĳ
µʤҲע⵽ЩĽ˵ԽҰ⳵ڹһҲûмҲ֪λݣ
öǮһµʤϵ⳵һ䣬ȻŸղſıӰ
ŵüɡµʤش
˾ϲͷһ͹ȥ㿪£ˡⲻʲô˲顣
򣿡µʤЦһ⳵ûĵط¿ոУûУԵĲǹгҹһӶԺȽϸ˽Ҳףһ֮ûӲϵϲյġ
˵ͷԺµʤ˵ʾͬ
Ȼ˵ڹڵǮҲˣ˵ϻûиȻǱǵǱĴڣûʲôλ
⼸귴һЩ߱仯ҲûٳԿͷǵ¡
Ҫ֪ǰʱ򣬾һ籩Ȼ˽Ӫҵ֮֡
Դ󲿷Ȼ׬ǮȴȻǵ͵£ǵǹͷ񣬳ʸ֮ġ
ȻˣŸҲеģɴ󲿷ֶǹٻӵܣ񱳾֣ĻһҲҪŸԼôĶ֪
ȻҲܸȤĵϳǸŮˣӱӰôš
Ȼ˵˵Ĺϵãվûг˺ƹϵĻľȻһӵĺ⾿ʲô˼Ǽġ
Ǻ绰ȥһʣǿ߶ĺµʤվǽͷѹ
µʤҲҪһλ쵼棬ݸ꣬졣
ھˣûһĹϵǲеģҽҩ⣬Ȼ벻ϵͳĹգλµʤ˾һλȨȻְߣյȨСǶĹ˾а
һζʱ䣬Ͼͳ˺µʤˣֻǵõĻرҲȽϿɹۣǻǮЩۣȴҲֵƱˡ
Ϊؼһ⣬ǺµʤЩϵ֮СĵȥӪάʱˣԽµʤҲܹһЩҵǸʱںµʤҲͿпޡ
ȻͷǾԲܹ¶ģںµʤǰҲֵܹ̫
ĸƤ˭ϣԼСܷ硣
СְȥԶ˳⣬쵼λӣ¶ȥˣǡ쵼ҳ֮󣬺µʤ޵ض˵
ǺǣǺ˾б£մˡЦŹά
ʵ˳ʲôͷأ޷Ǿ治ΪȻȴһǳ˷ܵӡ
ȥ˶˳Ҫŵʱ򣬾ͷֶλһһŮ
ףС֣ǲ𣿡µʤ˶ŮӣʱЩʵ
µʤһΣеޣҲô˵˵һλгҲǺµʤԸӴԭ֮һ
ô˵ôŮɲ̳ϵһƥû׼һͱˣǸʱµʤЩϵ
ֻȴ֪ò룬ͬˮˡ
˺µʤĻ˳ǰһɫʱ÷ǳѿ
ŮӣȻľݣߵǸӣǸղſԽҰλ
ܳһԹŮȻھֵطҳ˫ԣ
Ļʱڵһˣ


570 
ûʲô飬ܱԼۿŸ˳˫ԣջ顣
ȻҲûʲô飬ܱԼۿŸ˳˫Եʱ򣬻бڳѿ顣
ˣζӳҲݡ
ûкµʤڳϳľݵĻҲôĻһ¶ѣϾľݸĹϵϾֻûнϵѡ
˵˸Ҳ˭ҲӦúӸ档
ֻǣֵԼͷϵʱҪ˵û뷨Ҳǲܵġ
ƵģǺµʤϳľݣԴ¸еЩ档
ôҲǾǳ˽ȻһɣҲëͷСһ־ֽŪôҶ²̨
ŶŶľݣһֵȻԺµʤ˵гƽʱӦҲܶģɡ
µʤûлʲôϾȷʵ֪ľегĹԱͬһŮԸɲҲǱȽġ
Ҫһ㣬ľݲʮѣˣķչǰ;ҲԸ߽һЩ治޳ԶͶʵ뷨
˵̳Ҫкġµʤ˵
Ȼ˵µʤҲĸɲһί˾гֵطԱȽӼϿȻûʲô𣬿ǴȴһƵġ
еǰģ˼
ִ˵ڲίǷȫֵģȻܵͬƫһгǣ˾ķȽأҲȫȻûе˵
ԺµʤľݣûʲôִٸУһ־Ӹµĸо
ںµʤ飬ȴֵĲԸ⡣
ľݵĹϵѾǳˣڼ˵ǰȻûгַʵҶģҲûкӣһӹϵŦҲڣ˫裬мɵ飬ζսˡ
˵ףҪľݵһЩٳľҪȷԼڹٳûʲôͥ۵㣬Ǹȡ衣
ȻԸ⣬Ǻµʤ߹ȥˡ
ַãû뵽㡣µʤǺǵЦߵľݵǰ˸к
ľݿʱжˡ
Ҷߵʱ򣬺ȻĺѣľݵĸоĲá
ںµʤˣľݵǼһεģ֪һ˾ЩɹĿȨһֱȽϰͽ
˾áľҲ˸к
лľһ䣬ĿȴҶתתȥ
ôСӣŵţ鶼Сѵ˵ľݵ˾ɣ
ҶòȺʲôģ˺ֻһСС˾Ҫ˵ľݵͷࡣ
֮ܶûпǵҶȻҲǹٳˡ
ʵǣ¶ϳ
ҶͶԣڹٳ˻죬һԱɣƼ첻ϡ
мίҶǡľݶø˵ֻһת֪϶ԼҶֹϵˡ
ֻڳĻľݸͲֻ߶λ˾µʤľݲòһҶݣʡ˼ҲһЩõ룬ʱɾҥˡ
мίǣͺµʤˣһ㶣Щ
ľ˵ĿмίǣǾǸĸɲˣѹֿԸľݲŶС
Ȼ˵ľгǼίȽ϶ίί֮УԸƽƽҲʲôϡ¶
ôļίǰټǸְɣµʤЩʵ
ǷǳȵģҶֻмίǣҲĸɲܹεģǿͣôܾ͵أԾһѧһ
ǸְҶмίǣɲľݻش
µʤ֮̾ͷӦˡ
ְǱظɲڸϢǱȽ˽ģһοϸɲʱ򣬾˵һλļίǣҶҵӵܣǳ˲á
ȴû뵽Ȼ͵ˡ
ԭҶǰˣû뵽µʤ˶̱Щȫһܳı飬ֻҶ֣ƺԸɿˡ
˾ˣֻǸԼԸѡҶﻹ֪ԷѾ֪
ʵϣھ̶ϣ֪Ҷϸ˲ԶԣǼȽϸߵ쵼ǣµʤһ˾˵ԼҲʵˣһӦе
ҸҶͬ־򽻵˵ҶǡҶЩ棬µʤ͵
ҶĴҶ񣬸Ҷƽ˫̥ܣξҽԺĸԺҲǹרңɷ޻ǲƾרңԺźĳԱ
Ϊµʤҵ񣬸ҶǱ߶Щʶż˵Ҷ飬ѹӦô졣
ǾͲˡҶ˵ͷ
һԣȴǿЩ
ȫû뵽Ϊľݵ˾ͷҶȻмίǣĸ߹١
ʵһҪ֪Ӽ˵ҶѾµʤƽˣǴµʤҶˣ
˵ˣ˼ôͳĸɲԺķչ˵𣿾˲õĴҲֲúµʤ֮Ҫ̬ŵô͡
ִ˭뵽ֻҪڹٳϻò׵ˣҪ佻ãŷϳԶ档
Ҷãҽľͬ־ɷ򡣡һЦͷضҶ˵
˵ҲˣղΪľ߶ҶôһλߴӢ˶еջʱȴͲľݸλҶʲôĹϵˡ
ô˵ľϵɷ򣬶зɹϵġ
̬ͣôľݵԴȫǿԱõģҲԸͷ϶ẉ̂ҲԸľԭ
Ҫ˵ŮˣָĶǣʲôҲΪгţǺģȫҲûмôгɷݣ
ֻҪľԸ⣬Ҽͷνǲȥܵġ
ŶҶеؿ˿Ҳǳø߸ߴģľݵġ
ֻҶҲܹоľݸ֮ĹϵôǢƺڱȽĸңֻǱûбֳѡ
ĸվڷĴſڣ˵Ǹ˼ÿ˵뷨ͬ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷͷһ̧ЦǺǣ˾æɣҼݹˡ


571 ŵò
µʤҪ˵һԼ߶ԤµλӣҶǷҪ
˳ҶĿ⣬߶һ֮󣬾Ͳˡ
߹λΪ׵һλеȣò񳣬ͷ΢һЩףȥʮ㣬֮Ҳһɱȣһܹܵλġ
ٿòµʤĶʱҲЩ
ôҲû뵽ȻܹҶϽλʵϵƿߣίճĴ
ȻڵϾҶӰǵˣںµʤԣǵһΣλίԱίһѹǱȽϴġ
ȻǰλҶľҶҵλӡ
ûеȵµʤǷӦҶѾǰӭס˶үӡ
Ǻǣĵ硣үӿҶЦ
ŶүһģҶүӵ;һˡ
ʵҲ磬ӶѡҶ˵
Ҷ˹ҶļͷֵܻŶүһߡ
˶ľݣͺµʤҶͼ򵥵˵һ£λеľгһ÷͡λ·ģĺ˾
ôŮ޶Ѿгˣѵãѵðүӿ˿ľݣЦŵͷ˵ͺµʤֻ·˼ұˣϾҶǶûкʽؽܡ
ҶϯáľݿҶʱҲеԾû뵽ҶԸ;ȻίԱί׳Ĵ˵˰
ãáүܺã˰ֵȥ˵£ȷ簡
˷׷ӦǣŶү˽ȥ
µʤʱҶһȥֵģǱϾҶ죬ľҲӦǵһμүҶ·ȻҲЩ׵͸èץһܣȴûʲô취
ʱҲ˼˵ȻľݸҶ˫ԵģȹϵȻǳһθҶҶүӳϹϵԺҲлģǲܵġ
ҶνİȻ߹ģҲŵ£ҳ飬Ȼ˶֡
ǹҲ
ҶͶԺµʤ˵λûʲôҪ飬һոҲ
ȻãŵҶǰɣµʤһ϶Цˡ
ǵڣԸѡҶЦ
ľݺ֮ĹϵΣҲû뵽˾ȻѾͬİ·ˣֻǼ򵥵ؿǵȻľݳԷôϹȻҪһģϾԼԤİߵεһ֣һ˾ǮҲǸԵüġ
룬Ҳǳòѣط󣬲ں˳Է
٣ľӦûܵΪӡ
ǾʹˡµʤȻǧϵġ
ľȻ治ʹ죬ԸҶ̬Ϊ˭ҲǺģҲ˵Ҷòԣֻ˵ûиҶԼѡ
ֻǳһٷѡľ룬ڷ飬Բˡ
һʮˣͽ˰䡣
аӾǺðʱھȻܶ׼䡣үӿ˿
߶ĺ䲻࣬Ȼ˵ƽʱүҲܹ߶λãǷܹ䣬ҪǰԤԼģгͻĻֻ˶ˡ
ʵֵĳԱǣ߶ҲǺܶ࣬µļ׼ҲӦ꣬Ǹ˷ˮ䲻˳ʱ򣬲пܷײ
Ҳа̷θӣ⼸Է쵼࣬󲿷ֶæģǼ©ˡҶش
̷ʤܵӿԽԽˡү˵һ
ˣ涼һ񺮣ҽ
̷ʤǰͷˣаΣͬʱ˳֣һδ֮λʵĴ֮һӴ˾ͽ˵͹쵼˵С
˵һ䲻ŵĻ̷ʤҪھǰʲô飬ûʲô첻ġ
ȻˣҲһǰᣬĶֲҶĴ
Ͼͬ־λʱж̣ܶ෽涼ĥڼ䣬޷ʹָ
ΪˣҶҵòŻԵΪҪ
ȵ⼸ȥͬ־λˣʱͺ˵ˣ˵ҶҪȨ˳תƵҶƽУɵڶȨӣҲô׵顣
ҶҳҶôһ˵Ǻճķôһôܹ˳ΪҶɨϰҶƽ˳гί֮ˡ
аҲһЩ飬Ļгίǣ̷ʤڵķȨǺܴ󡣡Ҷ˵үү㲻ǿ˼¹ΰɣ
ʵ˵оҲ̷ʤֱܵ쵼¿չģֻа쵼о֣Ҳֻһϵ쵼оֵʵʹߣֻһ׳ѣҲΪȷһ׳Уʱܹóһ֧ĹҺսĶ顣
һоֵ쵼ȨĻͲܹ֤һˡ
ģڡү˵
Ҷ°ͣ¶пġ
̷ʤ˵ԸҶǱȽģΪ֮ǰĽ϶࣬Ҷ̷ʤˣеģıҲǳֻͣΪԵʣΪ˱Ƚϸ߰Լһȡ
Ȼ˵̷ʤƽʱҲǫָֻͣ߰ǹģΪⲿζǸ˲ֲȺ
ܾΪⷽԭ򣬵´Һܶ˶̷ʤЩ˳ۡ
ǿ̷ʤԼҲʶһ㣬֪з飬ҶҵǴñȽѺһЩһҶֻһ£ȥ˷飬ǰҲǲܵģϾҶһСֱŲ۾档
˼ӹҶ˵һ
ڹٳȦ棬оһЩʱµʤѾŵЩ˵ˡ
ϾµʤòԱ֮ѾǺֲܿˣʱȻڷίԱ֮Ĳг⣬ȻЩſڽ࣬ÿӶЩ΢΢ز
ܿ죬ͰѸʽƷˣͬʱҲ׼˹ӣպϺ
үһ£Ҿͷ׷׶ֳ
⣬Ƕ˳Ͽڡүӳڣ
µʤҲ˼Ƭ⣬ֺһڷԱ߶վƣоһͷ֮󣬲žŸղŵֽ飬滺һЩ
ЩһѹǺܴѽ
ʵǺµʤеЩѹҶһԵľݣͬܵ˾޴ѹ˵֪үӵݻãһ֪һλίԱί׳Լԣ㷡
ı˵ľڵ顣
һٷɳԵСġ


572 ԭ
үӵ鲻ģӦ˹ҵ飬öҶھ棬ҲǱȽѵã£һ⣬ȷʵһĿ顣
ֻǿµʤˣүӵҲЩ죬һľҶĿˣָľЩϵֻһˡ
ϯ䣬үӾҶĹ
ðɣί߶ƽʱûʲô¶Ҷش
ίҪοչȷʵеġ
ǰǾչһЩڵļ칤ͬʱԸɲпˣӵٱȽϼУΪӦÿչһЩ鹤ĻҲǱģǽϼŵһЩ幤
ԣίҪȽϱһЩȥһûʲôˣȻҲУȴϾίǼලɲģ˵Ļ
ôһӣỹһЩҶᵽͽ˼䣬ίҪ֣ʶˣ׳⡣оҪѧĿƣҲܹؼǰһЩѾӦʱչˡƶȵĴˣͱ˵Ǹ˻ʵҲһִ£һֳԡȻˣһĻдҪؿʹͨոľٱϢ
Сӵ⵹ǺܶࡣүˣͷͬҲȽϸȤʱһȽϸķһѧϰѧϰ
УͷһҶͷ
үӵҲ޲ףίѧϰһµطϵļίҲʲô¶Ǳοѧϰһ϶Ǵӵġ
飬ֳܹڿչͼ칤ԺͻĹ̬ȣҲܹӳҶǵļͼ칤ĿչȷʵӰȽϴ
˵ǷҪھҲƹҶǾ飬ǾͲһˣϾνĽѧϰǾ̸֮Ҫô죬Ҫ˵ģϾطϺܲһ
ȥΣܲĵط⼸ȾȽˡүתͷһԵľ˵
ӶʡǰɽˮĵطΪԴ⣬̬ܵ˺ܴӰ죬Щ̬⵽֣֮Ѿʺסˡ
Ǳزúһкܶúҵû֮ҵЩҵڽ֮Ĺ滮ҲȽ⣬ȱǰհԣԾ͵˶нӰܴڳ谭зչϴ⡣
ľȻгЩ⣬ҲȽͷۡ
Ҫ֪ıиֵ飬϶޷ģⲻһʡ򿪷⣬ҲһȫԴҵ⣬ģҲھֲΧһЩʹó̬ܵرһЩ
һֱⷽŬ˵β󣬼ӿнѧ滮ƶйҵԻȾȵȡľݾ˵ǰһӣר˻ϵͳרǻһЩ洦޲ʩǵĻ״Ѿһĺתž÷չٶȵⷽͶҲһ֣еֻ˵δ
ǰǰҲйḶ́Ƿϴġүӵͷ˵ţ飬ҪפϵģСҴкɡ
ǿ̫ˣҴллҶϯ֧֡ľ֮󣬶ʱ˵رʾ
Ϊ仰ĺɲһ㣬˵еĹõҶҶүӵϿɣһԸһ̶ϸһЩ֧֡
ϢǵĻ϶ĹһЩӰģҲԿҶϵ£֮󣬵õ֧֡
дֵ֧ˣûдֵ֧ˣڴҵȻǲһġ
һٷͳһСʱһ߶һ߶˵Ҳ֡
µʤȻеСģǼ¶֮Ҳſ˺ܶࡣ
Ǻµʤٳϵı»˲٣ʱҶҶүӵ棬ȻǺСĵ˼ЦŪôҶЦǿģҲǻԾա
ߵʱ򣬶үӻʺµʤְλ;˵ͷ
ľͬµʤһߵģϾһ·ģľԼҶĳµʤһ
Ҷ˶үӵĳǰ߶ͺ߶žĳӡ
ͻȻԼгҺ㣬ʲô˼ү˳֮󣬾Ҷ
¡Ҷشίڽʡίίһ¾ѹסˣҸͬҲǺҪġ
ԭίǽ󿭡гľݺмίҶԱ˴֮ѹͲ󣬵ڽ󿭽ʡίί˸ʡټǰ೤ԶҶѹʹˡ
ȻҶûиܵ󿭶Լʲô׵ͻĿԻеģԾѰѵıҪ
ľݶԣҶҲñȽϼʱ
󿭽ʡίί֮󣬸ܵѹľгľݡ
ǰ󿭺ľݻ޼ڽѹһͷȥľݵĴͱȽˣҪѰѡ
ʵļί϶ίǻѹסʲôԼʲô뷨ɣүĿһӾָҶ˵ĻЩʵ
ʵҶôһжû˻ȥġ
Ҳ̳Ȼ˸ʡ۹ȴеģ֪ҶǲԺ󿭻ȥҶүӵȻ뵽ҶС̣ǿ˼ľݵһˡ
ǺǣүүӢǰҶʱЦ˵ʵҲҪҶҵӰѣľǰģҵڣڷһ̣ڽĲִкô
ҵǲԣСεôЩŮɲأүʵ
Ҳû취ġҶһ̯˫֣Щ޿κε˵еĸɲ϶ģŮɲ滹һЩ£ģ˶ѣֻŮɲķչӸɲεŮԸɲȻҪȷԸɲһЩ
˵ģҲ޵үûз
꣬ƵҪΪƽɲԱԶŮԸɲȻǺܴģҲʲô֪Ů˵
Ҷһ㣬ȻҪץסᣬϾȵʱչһ̶֮Ҫҵôһչͺˡ
ȻˣҶѡ⼸Ůˣ˵л񣬱˵ľݣǺŮԣˣҲҶô¹ΪĻв
ҲãҪһ߼ɲѵ࣬ԸĻľҲʡĹԼȥɡү룬ͶҶ˵
Ҷˣ˵ͷ
νĸ߼ɲѵ࣬̫࣬һ֮󣬻εĿԣǾͷǳ
ȻˣĲҲٲ˵ģҶҶԾ㲻ʲôˡ


573 ʲô뷨
ľݺܿͿҶĳӣص˼
ΪְԵʣľݺлؼˣһλؾҲǵʱ˵˾еľƱ䶯ᣬľݺúõذһ¹
ŷͬ־念еľƽȻҲûˡ
ֻǴʱǡ괺ڣľݸɴھͣգһ㸸ĸҲǾТ
ľݵĸĸǴѧʦʱĸľѾѻȻҲȴΪѧУܹ˲࣬żȥĳҪγ̵ĽҲǷƸϸڡ
ľݼǺܲģ˾ŵڡ
ľסҲĺԺҵλòı̶ҲȽãǰ޹һΣʩͦõġ
ľݰѳԺ֮󣬾Ϳĸ˳
ʲôûмĸľ˳ӣЩʵ
ľݵĸľ壬ѻǺ壬ѡʱ򣬸ѡ壬Ҳĸա
ھǵ壬ǱȽŴģƵ뷨Ҳڴˡ
ʵϣΪѧʦľݵĸĸ˶УҲܵһĳֻ㲻Ϸͷⲻ
ͬµĳҿһ¡ľݻش
ͬ°ɣľݵĸľΧźԽҰתһȦ˵
ôһʣľݵĸѻʱЦ
ôӲʵԽҰһ㶼˿ģŮϲַĲûУǿֳŶľͺܺˡ
ö׼Щϣһѻľ˵
ϻ飬פǱ߶Ҫȥһµġľݻش
ϵȷһ߶㲻Ҫȵ֮󣬲Ż𣿡ĸľʵ
ţЩþ촦ľݻӦ
⳵ҪǮɣľֽĿת˺ԽҰϣЩʵͬ棬ȻĴ
ţ˼ҵļǮľݻشҲҶļôǮģ˵ҶҶǴǮΣĲ
ǹܲεաľַһ⣬ɵЩԾ˵
ţھݡľݻش
һǸ㲻ĳƵġľָָǳƣرʾ
ھסþˣڸ鶼Ƚ˽⣬ΪѧʦľϢ㣬ȻܹóЩʲôλģЩǴרõģҶĳƣȻַǳţƵķΧ֮ڡ
˼ھίһܲιŪûѶȡľüͷ˵Щ飬Ҳ̫עˡ
ֲˡľ˵ͷ¶һȻ˵ı
ѻһȲ£кĸŮ˻˵
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£˭ǹԼǽԷʱϣ궼ûмˡľݻش
ɴ£ôŶʲôôľܲΪȻ˵˵СӲصǼмǮѣ㿴ǲǣҿôصţ糹׷ˣҲûкӵֲۣͼʲôƲ
顭Ժ˵ɡľԼҲͷʹ
ӹٳϵһĻܻԺ;һӰ죬ǲĻȴֺױϵȷʵķ
֪ôģľݾҶ֪ʲô취
ܿҡҡͷ˵ҶԼС˽ʮأôܰæ
ܴԼҲǸ飬ȴܹ˵ġ
飬ϵԽãԽ鷳Ҳǲ̿һ˵˶ûСľ˿Ůɵ̾˿
ľݸ֮ȻѾû˸飬ߵһȥˣҲûкӣᣬϽӵĻԺˣ治˵ʲôи̣˭չ
ľΪˣȻ뷨ҲҪһЩԲϣŮôȥ
ߵǣǸŮҲܻ쵰Լ滨Ƶأ˵˼Ů˺ӣȴǲ飬ôɺȥԿȻֻľݡ
ľݵҲң豭ůůĲˮһڣԴɢеĺ⡣
˵ҲûеѻԱ߶Ů˸˲һȻҲ;Ҫ࣬ѾʡгˣǰʱҲܹΪʡɲûбҪٸź˿ȥһˣкôġ
ĸô˵ҲľݵһЩ仯ʼ濼ǲӦðѻˣ
˵־Ӷˣ͸ˡ
ǣûпűȽ˳۵ģҲȽϺʵˣľȻʵ
ʲôľ飬ͻȻĸôʣʱһ
Ů飬ľ;
ȻһʣȴҲû뵽Ǿʺľݵˡ
Ҫ⣬ľݵеߣͬжѰҵλ൱治ˣУ󲿷ҲͷǣʮľȣȻǲʵġ
߾һЩѧԺУңѧ߽ʲôģҲ
о̽ῡˣǾ֮󣬹ľݶ̽ȦˣҲǺܷˣԵֱӱųˡ
ȥѡĺ١
ǿŮı飬ƺڹٳˣ
ͳ㿪λʲôľĿƵԺĺԽҰϣɵһ䣬ŮƷԣԷûкøУҲöԷĳ
ϾǱȽ˽˵Ʒ仹ôصƷϵãĲġ
еļίǣĸɲľݻشĸеɻƲ˼ұСʮأǾͱϹˣ
Сʮ꣬˵ֻжʮˣľѻˣʱʮɲ
ţǾҶҵӵܣҶǬӡľԥһ£˵˳
ôһ˵ǰڸһû뵽
ʲô뷨ľЩǵʵ
ĵǻǺеģǵЩӵǣʲôĶУ涼кܶŮˣҲųҶҵλӵܣϲٳϵŮϲϷôľòŮгȻǵĿˡ
һľгû˵ô취ΪҵҶҵӵܣ߻
뵽Щ飬ľо;ˡ
Ҫһ⣬ľݾȻҶĳӣҲܹ˵һ⣬ľݶҶҶҵӵܣûʲôų˵кܴĺøС
֮䣬˵ʲôģľɵ


574 Ѷϼ
̫ˡľĿǰľĻ󣬲ɵɫһҾǹϵĹϵʲô뷨˵ˣŶʮꡣ
Ҷľݵ޼СĻ֮δԷչһĹϵ
֮ʮ꣬ľݶԣǱȽڽܵģҶʱ򣬸ǿܵһ
ľȻôΪҶҶҵԣʲôŮ˸㲻֣ľȴ϶ϡȱƷΪʮŮгʵ̫ˣҪ˵ԼŮҲġ
Ȼ˵ľݿȥȽׯһЩǶǳڹҪ봩ñȽһЩܹгݣĻ֦չĻе٬ˣѹסš
ԼŮԼ֪ľһľݴʢװ¶ഺһʱǾȫĽɫ
Ϊˣľеĵġ
ҲôţŮȻŮĸľݵĸѻǰοһǸ֮˵ĻҲ߲ڵλϣʮŮгȫм
˵ģ˵ģͲһ¶ľѻһ۵
ʵŮ;ϵĳɾͣľĵľݵ⣬˵Ļĸ棬վиⲻġ
һ˵Żľݵֻ
ľݽ֮˵䣬ߵһԡ
绰ʲô飿ľߵ˴ڣѩ֦ʱȸʳԺȳ˺ɫСӡüͷЩƵʵ
ǱϾǷ绰ҲԵñȽ⡣
Ҹûʲô˵ģǰӣǿ˵ķݶϣ㲻ҪңŪôҶÿľݳŻͲ˵
ûʲôû˵ˡ
ʱľݾѾͷȫ;淢չδΪڼͥⷽȫûˣû뷨ԲŻеľͶע˹ٳ
ڼ£ЩǷǷǣôԲܷչزҲ֮
ô˵̫ˡڶ̬ȣҿһ£ôŵĻ˭Ӱ춼ãǻѵϢȥķչҲܲ飬Ӧƽľúõ̸һ̸
ͨˣľ⻰ʱеЩ档
ǰû飬ֻȻȽϺǻ˼棬ĸȴǱȽηģҲʲô飬ҲĻԵûӡ
ԣ˵һֱôš
мȻľݼҪ飬κͬ⣬ľҲûʲôȥ¶ʼûеõ
ľ;ͷ𣬾Ҳûڵ˼
˼ϣ˵͵һЩѻˣôľתһ룬;ôҲٴҸǷҸԵҸȥҲһ׮¡
˵Լǰ;Ӱ죬˦ĿļһԣѾǿԺԲƵСˡ
ԼѾгˣ߾ǸʡɲˣҪأ
ôˣҲͨˡڶ绰˵ɷޣԺʲôչ˵ĵطľгҪֵ̧̧ġ
ߡľݺһҲ֪ԼţȥҡײƭҽҩĹ˾⣬ҲֻҪҲûȥ׷ݣҲ˹ͨһѡ
ǴӦˣȥԵƵ307ɣҶλӡ˵
µ绰֮ľݾЩȻʧؿŴ⡣
Ȼ˵Ӧ˸棬̸һ̸飬ͻȻ˵飬ȴҲЩͻأ
ô죬ԼҪΪʿˣ
ľ˦˦ͷ˷ܵͷԺаѳȥ
ôˣѾͷѻһѯʵ
û¶ҪȥһˡľҡҡͷԸøĸ֪飬ʡǲٲġ
ȻѾͨˣǾɣһ˰ˡ
ԺҪԺȥհɡ
ȳ˷ٳȥɣѾѲ˷ŵˣһ¾ͺáѻ˵
ˣȳԣһݶУȡľ˵
һŶ˼Ҫ֮飬ﻹʲô˼Է
Ǻðɣ㿪СһЩѻͷ
ľݴӼ߳Ժ棬;е䣬Ȼתȥ¹淭˷ֻŵģһЩɫķΣǰԼʱ򴩵·ԴȥǹͲˡ
淭һɫ޴£洩һīɫOLװѥӣַһ޵ĺɫСñͷϣīһ߳ȥ˳
ʻλ֮ľʼվԼ˼
һֲ̤ʵĸо̲ס绰Ҷ
ǺǣôˣҶӵ绰ʱڸү̸顣
ͻȻӵľݵĵ绰ҶҲе⣬Ҳû뵽ľгѾʼˡ
Ҵˡľڵ绰˵ԵЩȻ״̬ƽȡ
¶֧㡣Ҷ˰죬Ŵôһ䡣
˵ʵڻľ鲻飬ʲôϵأ
ȻҪľҶҵӪôľݵ˽¶ȻҲͳҶҪĵ飬Ͼ£ǽ黹飬ǣβĹϵ˭Ƕǹأ
ȻˣҶҲͱȽܹľݵʱ鲻ƽԭԺη
һ£еӦֱǸˡľһְҶ˵
Ҷԥһ£ջͬˣðɡ
ľݸҶһµطȻ͹˵绰
ʲôˣүʵ
ǸŮġҶҲЦ
ľҪ飬ҹȥɷ̸аɡҶͷ¶Ҳûо顣
Ѷϼ£ͽȥʲôǳһ鷳үӵĿһӾ͵صڡ
žϣڳ֤ɣҪҲʲôģҲûʦðҶûоʲô׵ģǹȥҲǿľݣԿ˶ѡ
ϾľԼҶһϵĸɲˣΪͷҲӦõģ˳ذ֮ԺľҲûʲô֮ˡ
飬빫˽Ҷǵùȥһ˶ġ
˼Ϲ㵱˼ҿгǳͦģҲãŮζʮ㣬Ǵ·̫ˣӦҲͦ˵ġҶһԲ˵
УֻŮôҶǲмذһ
ӼﵽԵƵ꣬һζģҶԼҲûпͽ˶үӵ˾˳ȻԼȥ
үүǸ׼˺þƵġŶʱҶֳɤӶҶһ
Ҷڳ棬ӳ˰ڣʾԼˡ


575 СҩƬ
͵˲ԵƵ307䣬ʱɳϣ顣
ǰľֵùϵܽʱŻڹԺӣҲûбֳʲô츳˭֪һת۾ͳʡегǰ;һƬ¶еʼδ
Ҫ֪ڹԺдӵ͸Աǣһ൱ӴȺ壬Ȼܹų˵ĽȨǶڴ˶ԣǾһȺӵġ
ǾĸԱأܻм˰ɡ
ûзݵʵȨһûʲôʵ壬ǻһ˶ѡ
˵ǰԸ飬ǲѳƯƯűˣԼӣô˲ͬ뷨
ôһٳڼ⻹ܲ
һʼûпǹʲô顣
Ǹղڵ绰жľ˵飬ҲΪ˰ڲˡ
飿ô˵顣
һСȺˮʱǶͱ۵۵ÿˮǲ豭ͲȻϴ衢ݲ衢裬ȵʱ򣬶ССĲ豭ˬһȻ۾ȥζһ˿˿ϡ
ò谡ҡҡͷ
˵ǰľҲڲݶ档
ľݴĿǰľӰ죬ڲȽϸȤƫƫڴ˵ҵʱ˳ҲǱȽ࣬˾ˡ
ǽ֮ľݲŷ֣ҲǳһƤңʼװһӣͷκˣÿ춼ȥ죬Ů˴ҹ
ľһŭ֮£Ͱ˳ȥҪ顣
ٺľݵõϵչˣֳԼһȵĹѸٻΣȥйڳг
Ҳ鳡ʧ⣬ٳĵ䷶ˡ
ڣǸԸˣľݹ̸飬ҲһӶѡ
඼û¶ľ֮ͷԼȻƺˣټгݣȷʵܹȤ
Ƶˣõˮĥ򣬻ܹסˣ
¶ȴҲеģϾľݸͬİ·ҪĿ꣬ô׵ģֻõֶΡ
ĥ飬ʹӿڴͳһֻĽ̺֮ȡһ㶹СҩƬƵطŵ˲躣档
˵ⶫǹЧҩں̵ܶʱھܹŮ˴鲪ԼҲûмţǴӸ۵Ǳ߶ŪģǰԹһΣЧȷʵˡ
ֻǸúҲͦģŮù֮󣬾͸һӡ̡
ʱ˫£ַһ˵ĹԵأʮ㣬Ҳصһ߶
֪֪֮Լֲ˶ãҪӦҩľݵĻǾֻнˡ
ľݿ󣬾վڴſڵš
ʱҶҲˡ
˾ȥ֮Ҷ͸ľݻغˣ߽˴
Ƿ̸飬ϣоеֵֹġҶ˵
ʵڲԸⵥˡľݻشһæˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҪϵݵʱֻ
սͨûãûˡ
ˣȥ̸ţ¥´绰ȥҶ˵
ľһ£͵ͷ˵ҲûдãҪһȥҲУɲɣҲûҪ˷ʱ䡣
ã307ǰɡҶӦ
ľʰһ飬ͽ˵ݣȻ㣬ҵ307䡣
ǹŵģ¡
˹ţȻ˽ȥ΢ɲعš
ȱ裬ůһůӡ˵
ȷʵȽůͣʱˮֿˣð˳
кľȻһ߶ݲ裬һ߶ľ˵Ҽǵõһμ㣬ڲݶ棬ʱΪݲĳ⣬ִ
ôһ˵ľҲ˵ʱ龰ɵЩʧ
ܶ飬ڻδضǿĵģֻ˵һ󣬵ĲҸ֮⣬ĺʲôпˡ
һԿҵļ˲ûУϵĲˮ˹ȥ
ʱ飬Щŵģľݲӡ
ľȻû뵽ɷʱ˼ӹ˲豭Ĳˮһ
оҶеˡľƷһº󣬾˵
Ȼˮ֮Ȼ磬֮Ҳһ˵ζȻζٵĸоǳݣȴǱľݸƷˡ
ΪһϲȲ裬ұȽ϶ˣľݵȻܹϸ΢Ĳͬ
ֻҲû뵽Ȼҩ
𣿡Լһ֮˵ûʲôͬ
ָľݵһԿ
ҹֲΪ˺Ȳġľݽ豭Ƶһ߶ɫڵ绰˵飬̸һ̸ɡ
˵쵼豭ϣȻЩرʾ˾ǹ̫Ũˣǰһȥδؾֻҵԭ򡣡
ľˣһ¡
ϸһ룬ƺ˵Ҳȫ޵
˰ǹأ֮䲻ɱػᷢһЩңʱˣȻͳ⣬ֵ˲ɿ
˵ǱͲһ·ˣߵһҲǴġ
ȻдǾûҪ˭˭ˣһˣ˭Ǻ¶ľݱʾ
ôҪ飬ǲͷˣȻʵ
£ľˣеǳҲࡣ
ʵҲΪʲôԼڶôģǰʱƺ벻룬Ӱ춼
˵ʲôͷ˵ĻɣȻľݾͺطҪѱ˶øһ
֮󣬵ûз֪ľݵģľйĻ˵ûô塣
Ҳ˵壬ңû˽ȥȻЦʵ
޳ܣľݾԼһ󣬿ûд̸飬վԼִˡ
Ȼ̸飬ôʲô
͵վͷͷһ£µصɳС
ǲǸоеͷΣЦʵֽһŶգ
ľôһ;ԼȷʵеԾʲô
ҲûʲôǸĲˮ˵СҩƬѡٺٵЦ˵ǷѾûˣѾ¶ζ˰ɣ
㡭쵰ľݾԼеͷԻҲʼ̣Ҫϵ·˦
װ£Լ¸ѵߵľݵǰҾͲţʱû˾˯ţ
ǰһץסľݵ£ͳʱ¶ɫǰԲĹĵĺܳʵӡ
Ȼ˵Լţû¶ĸоҲ촽еѡ


576 ڳ
ľݶٻһǣֽƿֻȴֱ۸ʹʲô
ҩãĺܿ죬Ѿеתһϵ󣬾ͺǼ궼ûмζһǰѾӰҲʼζеģĸо
ľݵƤŲˣƳȥֱǴһ㡣
ٺ٣ҩڵľǺáˣ֪¶ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼľҩĻҪôӲϣͱľһƸȳˡ
ôľҩס˵ҩʼ֮ͺѽˣʱǸˣҪൽȥ
ˣҲֱܽҩģȴԴڲĸ󣬸׽ų
ľݵĳ¸˺ز̵˳ɫ˿߶֣ýġ
ܳɧǶҲ֪ôˡ˵һ಻ľݵı仯ȷʵܴ
ѩ׵ɫ໥ӳţȷʵһӾϵøС
ֹţϵûз¾ͰľݵȹҲ
УľҲô¶Ȼ˵ôһҲжߣ⼸õô죬Ϊɵ쵼Ĵȥˣô˼Ҳأ
Ҫ˵ǮܹҲգľҵ˽ģǸС֮ңòʽ¶ΨһĿԣľǮծ⳥ˡ
ΪɫĹٳŮԣҪٵĻַʽʵǼЧġ
߿Ҫľݵ־ѾЩ壬Ȼڵ߽
٣ֲûڻǷšٺһЦͽԼƤѵ˵ϣ¶ë׵
ѾܸˣֻľȻɳŤŤȥϣǵǳջ𣬾ܵ潫˳;͵ӣľݵ˫ָ
ԭѥӸתһ룬ͷǰľݵĴȷֿɳϡ
ʱȥͼΪҩãɫıСͷ棬Ѿ֭ˮ졣
ȻľݵƷǳˣѾ׼õŽǶ˺ü
æЩ;ӦúúõһԼΪɷȨˡ
ɧǶϹˡͦӲҪѹȥ
顭
ͻȻ˸߿ˣͻȻһͷʱͼҶڷ棬Լ
һ
ܳҶ˷Σʱðɡ
ľʲôģǺģڵӣȻܹʲô顣
ֻľϼĺɫ֪Ǳҩˡ
û뵽һȻô޳ܣֲľһ˼ûУ˭϶ܲ˵ġ
Ҷ˽վ׼˵ͱҶһƸȷˣײǽ棬صȻ֪ĸȥˣʱ²ʡ
Ҷһ䣬Ҳ˹ȥľݸ
һѽľֱ۵Ĵɢˣȥ
Ŷ˭֪ľݾȻ˫ˮһסԼ壬ŪҶæҡ
޲磬ȻҩҶҲǴΪͷľݸŪԳģһ£ȴС;ʪܵһƬȻء
Ҷľݵţ;ÿڸ˳һ裬͹ȥžúһ
ĿԱ߶һƳͿ˷һԵͷǴ򿪵ġ
ΪҲ֪ʲôģҶɵö˴ΪպޣôĻԻľݵģľҲҶҵˣɵôڣҶһԱ󽫣ҶԲġ
ȻʱҶҲ˲Щ飬ľݵʰװһֻ棬Ȼô½ľݸסᱧͳ˷䡣
ʲôķҶһŮˣɵùѯʵ
Ҷһ˸һ
ھ֮䣬ͼҶѾŮ˳˾Ƶ꣬ԽҰˡ
ľݵںŤţ淢һ
ҶԼеƺҲһֺĸоȼţƺҪԼͳȨ
ˣһǸղźȵĲˮ⣡Ҷ̾ʶһ㡣
ϾҶĵֿǺǿģǿѹס궯ӿ˳ȥֱ濪ȥ
һ·˼֮󣬾ɽҶ;궯ԽԽѹơ
Ҫ¶ͰѳһգԱ߶һС·ת˳ȥֱӽ˴·Ա߶ֵС
ֺܣڵסߡ
Ҷһ죬;ĵ׵ѾƲסˡ
ǡעİɡҶҡҡͷһںŤľݣ̾˿
ɲһȻһš
ҶȥľϽʣ£˾رһ
ƺȫıڶţܿ쳵ԽҰĳŪ
д澭￴Ļͻֿᷢĳ΢ɲɵزš
Ҳ֪˶ãҶֻ
ֻţһϣһڳ棬ǼүӴͨǲʹ˳һϡ
еҪϿ϶ȥġҶ˼䣬͹ˡ
ڴȥ𣿡ֻ۵ֱ۴˹رӡ
ţ˵һԷȾơҶͷеʵôСƵģôխ
⼸ûˡľе˼ػش
ǾˡҶеп˵һ
ʲôľЩʵ
ǡҶ˵䣬ȻʵǰԵ𣿡
ˡľݵɫܲÿǸ
飬ȷʵľݸеǳŭҶüʱٲҪܵ裬ȻϻǷޣûˣҪǳ飬ƬӵĻľҪ˼ˡ
Ӷ֧ŲһľеضҶС˵
ӡҶˣʱЦѹǶûкӣŮû˷ήˣȻܻϡ
˵¶ˣͶġľЩԸ˵
˵ҲˣŪľݾ͸еŭɶǴʱҶһ𣬱˴˵廹û뿪Էľȴûие˿Ĳס
Ů˵Ǻֵġ
ʵȻмŮˣûиз֮Ҷľ˵Ҳ˽ˡ
ҶһǺԭģֵҲЩԭ״ģ˵һⷽᣬֻ۽ȽϸߣֲŮȻûбҪ˵ѥӡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ͸ľظ㵽һˡ
ɣҲûСԼʮк顣ľҲ̾˿


577 ȡ
û뵽ôģľŭݵ˵
׼˵еʱڲˮµҩľȻܹµ飬һӣΪľõһ֤ݣȻﵽɸ˵ĿĶѡ
ˣ˵ڵⶼ͸ˣľҲܺԼΪʲôϹۻһ
Ҫĵλ¶ҲѲϵҶ˵
粻ǡ֪ľѾҶҵĸ֦Ҳȡô˵ϾֲֻľŮˣҪô
ΪʶҶҵȨƣҪԼľεذһֻϵĻϵҲһҪάϵĻһʧ
һ£ľݳʡ쵼ǸһĻΪľݵɷܹõı
ʹ˷ȻⲻˡҶ˵ҲûʲôʧֻǱҶѡ
ľɫһ죬ʵҲеЩ֣ΪʲôԼҶˣͲʲôףúȻأ
뵽ɵЩ鶯
Ҷ̾͸ܵľݵı仯屻ľݹýģһһɶһֺУǰûģȻ
ܿҲԼķӦԣֽһ
һ˶ѵ״̬¶ģоȻֺܲͬ
֮ҶŴŴ佱治
ҲܰľҲҶһ
ˣôˣûаɣľЩĵҶ
ǵڣȻǺŭ֣ҲھͰ˸ˣͷѪⲻ˵ġҶ뵱ʱΣ;ԼõȷʵСҲѲƤ
Ǿͺãһ˾鷳ˡľԼؿڵ
ң˾ˡҶƲƲûʲôֵÿϧģҲǳʲôǷ
ˣҶ뵽⡣
ȻϧҲһСѣȻ˵ּһЩƣǸұȽ̫ˣֵһᣬֵעǣڻľݵϹò׵ĻľݻһЩӰ졣
˵ģøԤ룬ʡ˵ҶҶѾľݵԼŮˣȻҪǵȫһЩ
ȥŪˣҲҪҽϾڻз֮ľᵽ飬ɵЩ
Ȼ˵־ѾãϾûʽ顣
˽֮󣬹϶ôͬģ˵ûпǹ飬һĻһ׮鷳¶
Ҳõģʱά״ҲûʲôõġҶһ֮˵һζһ£ȰʡˣȻٸҲ٣ĸӰή͡
ϵҲûжãҪʡǺѵġľȻҲҪ⣬Ҳ֪Ǽġ
һӶϲǸλãڲʮ꣬Ҫһλôף
ѡһУŽλ˵Ҳøģһȥ˵ص淢չĸʡλúܶ࣬Ҳְֻ̫ۣϴŹɡҶľݵ۾˵
ľҶĻͳ˼
ѡĻҶоͿθʡѶȲ󣬿ǺпܾʣûкʵĻᣬͺŵʵλϡ
ϾҶȻȨ죬ȴҲܹһ죬һЩҪϣнڲУܸһãҪľţͱгɣ˵ʲôġ
Ǵְ棬ôõʮأ
һǳìܵ˵
ѡеĻɾǰˣҲ֮󣬵ȵʮʱҲˣҲˣʮĸʡɲӦ˵ҲǺġ
ֻҲһ⣬ǵʱҶҶ֧Ƿô
Ů˵˼ľݲòʵ⣬ôˣҶֲȱŮˣԼûеصƾʲôܹҶأ
ܹҶעģҲԼٳϵݰɣ
룬һǰɡľ˼ھ
ǵĺˣǣʵʵذѹãҶṩİҶǵݶҶٷһ£Ϳ˳θʡίǣӶʡίίС
Ǹʱ򣬾ǷȫҲǷëǵŮԸ߼ɲ
û׼ԺܹһûӰˡ
ţҲãǻôһӣͰѻʵˣʱҲл˵ľҶҲǱȽͬġ
ľѡ̻ؾչĻֻ˵۽粻ҲֻܵõһʡְϷչѡ
ľݾǣѡʵȺڻôһĻȻʡĽʱҪƺһЩǲȴʵʵģڽķչΪ
ǶҶԣмְλӣҲƲȥġ
ûһľҪߣȷʵǱȽѵģΪû˵
˵ŻͰ·ˡ
Ҷ·ãľݵ·˺ˣµǺõģ֮󣬾;óº׶û취ˣֱӾͰ޴¸ϣҲʲô
ҲҶ˾Ц
ľݰһۣͰԼĶʰװǸ档
ɫѾЩˣҶ°ѳӸص˴·ϣ֮󣬾͵˼
үүҶסĵط𣿡ľЩпҶҵĿһ
ţǵǣүүһסڴڡҶش߶Ұסģֻȥ飬־ڣ߶ˡ
ʰͦɾġľ˵
ע⵽߶ǴذҲǳɾ˵һ䡣
Ŷ߶ԱɨʰġҶ͵߶һǸ߸ɾסģԴӰ϶÷ǳܵ㿴·ϵľǣľˣ侯
Ŷԭľݵ˵ͷӦþǾȺסСˣǰֻ˵Ӵ
ȥϴɣҸҼ·ȥҶľ˵
ðɡľݵͷӦ
˰磬մȾҵϢǵúúõϴˡ
Ҷľ쵽ԡңſˮȻͳȥһ·
ԡŨŨ¶һߣľݾͿϸĴɿԡϣˮзŵݲϵعţ췢Щ飬ìܵ뷨
ԼҲǣӳǽˣľݵ飬Ȼеôƽ


578 Ҷַ
ԡͷ½Լһ֮ľݾԡס
ԡ棬ָоǷǳġ
ľݽֱˣ̳ˮ棬ȻСȣеȽ⡣
ʮͣȻнļȥĸо͸ʮ˾СƵģȷʵǺܶˣȥͰԹԼѪͳ⣬ΪͬںϣĻ˸ŵɡ
ľָԼϰ˰оʮ㡣
Ա߶ùһƿԡҺһЩֽһ
ɫĭʱˮסˣľһĭһͼĭ׷ɣƮ˳ȥڵƹҫŲɫĹâ
Ȫˮϴ֬ľгð
֪ʲôʱҶˣЦ˵
ľе˼ЦЦˮУֻ¶һԴ棬ôһͽˣ
·˳ӵϡҶŵļֽӷһԵĹϣȻһľԡ档
õ廨ܶ࣬ˮһ֮󣬾ɢ˱ȽŨζ
ȥɣЩϰߡľˮŤ壬Щ˼˵
ʱ˾ϰˡҶЦЦҲûƤֻǽһ䣬ԡڹ棬ԱǸɫǼȿأˮˣԼȡ
ľӦһͼҶ˳ȥŸˡ
˲Сʱ֮ľݲδشԡϴһ壬ȻԡϣʼŪԼͷ
ȵЩֽӵʱ򣬾ͷеﶼģȥǳߵȻҶո˳ȥģ治ɵֱֹСǰû飬ҵ
Ҷûѯĳ룬Ȼô׼ȷʵȻǾڴ˵ġ
·֮һˬĸо
ľھӸǰŤŤȥһж֮󣬲ŵƿԡҵţ˳ȥ
Ҷȴڶ¥棬ľһȦҲûҵǾ¥ȥ
һ¥Ŀ棬иŮɳϺȲ裬¥ݡ
ľݿ˾һ㶣ǵҶ˵ûб˵ģôͻȻпˣ
ҹģӦð
Ǳ¥ʱ򷢳ˣλŮҲתͷͿݹĸոճԡľݣɵҲ¶һȻı顣
ǡ
˼ͬʱʳͬ⡣
ҶˣľڴѻϿҶһ˿ӰǾ̽ʵ
СѰɣѻҲӦˡ
ϾҶңһܹģҲֻھǵҶܹ˻
ѻòѵľݣ氵һ䣬ҶСӵŮԵƺҲ̫һЩߵﶼŮ飬λҲûİ
ʵϣѻ֪ҶŮˣҲǳ桢楣Ҷͬѧ˪˵ȻҲȴ֮ĹϵΣ
ðһλͬȼŮڼУѻüͷСӾ˶ŮˣȻˣ
ҶãҶǵͬ¡ľѸ侲ǳׯѻҽܣľľݡ
ͬ£йඣѻľݣЩ
ʵѻҲеɣ˵ľҶͬ£ôеĿҪһЩϾǴģƫƫҶңҿǸոճԡӣ˵ʲôأ
ǰŮӣҲҶܲɷֵĹϵ
ԭľɡѻȻɻ󣬵кľ
ľɳϣЩһεҶ˲ڶҶĸЩ⣬ɵֽҶԹ˰죬˵ֻһôֳ
Сͬ£ѻһǰλľȥЩٳ˵ĳȣӦǸɲֻǲ֪ʲô
ҶãегҶȽ϶࣬һλؾҲǸҶһġľݾû˵ΪãʡѻϹĥҸĸҲھǵġ
ôгѻˣǳһ
ΪľݻƭԼǿŮг֮󣬻Щš
ҼǵСӶʡǱ߶Ƚϱصģû뵽оȻôŮг˾ЩԾѻľ˵ʡУгĻѵǸʡɲ
ôľݶǶʮӣѻԲŻôĸʡɲϵɻɫͺˡ
ȻʡУȴǸʡУҵļֻҶһġľݽ͵ҲֻίΪʡίίԵʣŹ˸ʡ
Ŷԭѻ˵ͷȻ˵Ҳˣʵְɲ
ףǶ˰
ҶľЩɳϣʱ׹ˣ϶ľҲԼ¥ѻ
ӣƺҲûֳʲô
СҲǵģпҲ֪֪һѻЩ˵
Ӵ˲ҶƽҲ˹Цһ
ҶƽӴϹҲʱ⡣
æǱ߶Ĺ軰ʲôģҶƽǣҶү߶Ծͳ˸յ˹ܹһҵʱ䡣
ҶáľݿҶƽҲЩæվʺá
ǺǣáҶƽ˿ľݣЦŻӦһ䡣
Ҫ˵ľݼҶƽţҲǼٵġ
ٳˣǹٴһѹˣͻȻҶƽίԱĸ߼쵼ˣľݵ˵жˡ
ǰүһԷҪһЩϾǾ쵼ҶƽͲͬˣλίԱͬʱίǣһĴľݴѹǷǳġ
λҵ쵼егľͬ־Ҷľĸ׽һ£ʿոʮ꣬ŮԣѧУ˶ʿѧǵصĿꡣ
ôıζаҶƽˣʱЦ
˿ӣֿ˿ľݣлˡ
ҶƽҶȥ֮ڵȲ꣬ԼϣԵЩˣϾǲҶҵĴͳΧҪ˵¡
ǽϿҶȻеŮгˣҶƽаЦʲôѲҶġ
Ȼӵײ㿪ʼץףôɴʹϲ㿪ʼգ⵹Ǹʡʱʡĺð취
˵ҲˣľݾȻôױҶˣ
и׿ĺöӣȻĵúš
˵ɡҶƽ죬ֵ
ʲôҪģҲһʱˣҶȻһ˵ǡ


579 Ů
ϰ㲻㷽ϣҶһ䡣
ҲˡҶƽ˵򷴳˺ԷϺһġ
ŶĻһùȥʺһˡҶ˵
ţӦõġҶƽ˵ͷ
ǷǰؾҶƽҲܾ˦ϣԼؾҶүӡ
үүз֣һ˲ģһȥɣҶ˵ҲڵĻƶүүܸ˵ġ
СҶƽͷͬˡ
Ҷƽڴ鹤ؾĴ࣬һǷǰؾĻҲϲϻڣǸȽѵõĻᡣ
˵⻰ľݾԼеסˡ
ĿĵؿҶۣҶоߣǾͶľ˵ľгҵĳȥˣϵ飬ǻͷ̸
õġľݵ˵ͷȻվҶƽ˵ҶǣҶˣҾ͸ˡ
ãԺҶƽͷСͿˡ
Ҷľ߳˴ţľݾԹˣôͻȻˣҲ֪һҺûгʲôࡣ
Ҳ֪ǻ飬˼Ų֪ġҶʾҲûʲô쵼˼һͨˣҰһӶûС
ˣľݵ滹Щ̤ʵϾίԱţ˵ľѹһǰ
ҲܵԼǷҶƽõӡ󣬱ϾѾˣйŮظҶһ𣬶һǸϴӣ˵˼ҿ˻ʲô뷨أ
һͷľԽԽǣΨ־ͱҶƽһõıǩ
ǺǣҲõ⡣Ҷ뷨Цڹ߶ϵĸɲ˽ҵŮˣȻţ鲻ҪôԼͿˡ
ľ֮󣬵˵ͷվЩ̤ʵ
ųɽֱӻصԼŻԺӡ
ľݵĸĸվڼſڣŮͣ
ôְѳˣľЩŮ
ţҪھǴ죬ȿžˡľݻش
ȥһ·ľ⡣
ţԭȵ·ˣȥŷ֡ľһɡ
ˣûҾġľ˾һȴҲû뵽ⲻľ˵˵ѣٲûҪȥһ¹񣬷һе档
ӻھЩ飬ѻӣʾⲻҪ˵ˡ
ľһ£ȻͷӦ˹˵Լ̫¶
ʵŮôˣгˣʲôûмαظ˵Щ˵أԼеľͺá
ȻѾйһʧܵĻôҲȥѰԼҸߵĿֻ֣Ҫ˾ͺˡ
ǲеϺͿˣľѻ
ǵڣŮ˵ҰȽխѣɵġѻش
ޡľٵ
Ů֮һΧһ𣬵Ҳڡ
ʲôʱʱˣϷȥתһȦɣ궼ûлȥˡľȻ뵽Լļ磬ɽϵĵ¥ЩɽеĴկʷĹųǣЩ̾
˾Ƿչôȥܶӡģˣľݶĸ׵ļҲãȻĺܣֻǿչһݶѡ
ܻлģǱ߶ĻҲȽϷˣٶȱȽʱԿɻȥһ·̡ѻ˵һ·𳵹ȥĻܰ
ɻǺܷģҪصľļĻҵϾɽ·Уٶ᲻
ЩǺˣŮ鲻ʼǷŲľҡͷ
ҵ飬ʱˣԺ˵ľݲԸ¶
ǰȻ˵û˸飬Ҳô񣬿Ǿ֮ľǳ׶͸ˡ
ľݾͺеģҲ֪ҶʲôˣֳĻ治ճġ
˵֮䣬ֻ
ľݽ֮üͷ
ôȥľͣһ֮󣬾ͺݺݵһ䣬Ȼ˵绰
˭ŮôĻľѻ
ľɫܲõػش
飬ľȻøĸֻʲȥġ
ղ绰Ҫˣ˵ҪҶôôģľȴǲţ֪Ҷǿ󱳾֮ŲǸӣҸҶа壿
ھһĶֵʳԵĸҶʲôôб¸Ҷҵԣ޷ǾϽզզѰɡ
벻ˣҲǸ鷳ľҲûжٺøУʱˣȻǱȽƵģŮһͻˡ
ľݵһ£;ľȻŭɫɫȴ쳣ɫѣԾǸովӣɵ濩һ£ѵ˵Ůˣ
ǵŮʱɫЩݰ޹ģȴû뵽ȥһ磬ͱӣȻӦ÷һЩϵġ
ľʱ˺ܶ飬һ䣬ֵŮˣҲֻýݶɻĵס
һӣҲ뿪ˣȻ˵ľݻû飬ǹ˻죬ľݷˣôһ룬ŮľˣҲּûʲôϵˡ
ʵڲеĻ£ѵǻŮһӣ
ͣһӣľȥˮ
ľɷѻĶֹ˼䡣
ܰɣѻЩŮһǺصģû飬ôǲǿˣ
ѻڻ¶÷ǳصģôҲԼųŮͻµߣΪз֮͸˸㵽һȥζѽܵġ
ľ¶ʱѻһĲš
ôܿˣľûпŮ֮ɫ𣿺۵öˮôˣʲôʱ򿴵
ѻЩᣬƺôһ¶ֻվĵ⣬ĺѽΣҲ֪ô˵źá
ŮԼ飬Լˣôĸɲˡѻҡҡͷ
һŮҲʮˣתۼഺţˣܹ뿪һҲףĸҲֻϣԼŮúãЩеûе飬͵֪ˡ
һӣľպˮһ裬˳
ѻϸŮɫȻͬй
ôˣôôңľݸеЩ֣ϰ϶һЩֵֹĸоɵʵ
ǺǣûʲôǺóʱ䲻㣬࿴¡ľ̾ЦԼĺӣĸǿġ


580 ùǰ취
ҶȴŸĸȥ˶үԷ
ү߶ƻͨÿͺܶ࣬ΪҪ쵼ˣүڽʿеǺܸߵģĻҲסλӡ
˵ҶһҪ֮󣬶үӾͱлˡ
Ҷǹʱ߶Ѿúϯ˳㻹֧̯齫ӡ
ҲûŪܶ࣬ǼµĿɿСˣȻˣȥڣ磬θڴ󿪡
֪ҪҾŪˣдͷүЦŶҶƽ˵ȥǱ߶ʳǻǺģҲ֪ӦûУ
аɡҶƽЦЦʳƫ𣬿ζƫĵҲûʲô
˵Ҷƽ̾һǼ˵صͷҲ񫡣
ҶеˣֱץһͷϾ
϶Ǽʳô𣿡ҶѩҲˣһ۾ͿҶڳԶʳɵ˵һ
ĶˡҶͷ˵Ҳе첻壬ѩ˸кȻͶҶ˵ȥ֮󣬶ٶٶʲôը桢桢桢桢桢ͷ桢桢ţ桢桢桢ʲôģЩҲ˵
ˡҶ˴Цɲǵɫɣ
ڶĸ￪ˣصʳɫǶոĽģò˵ͦġҶ˵Ҫȥǣһһ¶
ôŰʱ϶ȥġҶЦ
ҶкͿ˿ѩĶӣԲĺ۶
ⶼ߸˰ɣҲֶ֪ӻֶŮҶʵ
ˣӦֶӡҶһ¶;ͺϲ£ˡ
ʱ򣬹ڻûʲôֹҽǰ̥ԱʲôĻû˵ô˽ܶ˶ȥBѯ̥Ա
ҶȻҲףؾ
ôһǷˣҶҴڽӴĴ£ɡ
̫ˣҶʱСֶһҵѹˡ
ҶܹһٵöĻôҵϣɾͼҶˣҶĿѾʵ֣ôҶϵѹСˡ
ֵһģѩҶýȢĺϷӣһ˳ҶҵĵĴճҶҵǲͬġ
ƵʱҶүӺͶүӿˣҲֵúϲ£͡
𡭡Ҷ̽һƣϵ˵ҵҵģģܻΪһ̸ĶԼŬȥҶӵ⣡
ѩƺҲܲЦظԼĶӣϳҸĹâ
Դ滳˺֮ҶϾͶ߶ˣżŻȥһӣÿγȥҲԲᳬһܵģҶУȷʵȽϺ
ѩҶҲûʲôֻϣܹ̤ʵһͺãֻԼĺӳ֮󣬺úõչ˺ӣѶþˡ
ҶıȻǱǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪꺮ůˣѩĹذԶʤǰΪۿҪˣ˶ʱɳ
µ̥ˣʱ᲻ᶯһ£Ҷ¶Ҳûʲô飬Ǻʵ
żҲᶯһϴɩӵĶӣš˵¶ҶԵ÷ǳ⡣
İ⵹ҪһµġҶҲǳȤѩĶ˵
ԼȢϱȥŶӵ⡣ҶҶŶһµ
ٺ٣ǲٻùҶЦ
ڲŶʮ꣬뷨Ľ仹أԲŻ˵⻰
ѽֶˡѩȻһŶ˵
ȽůͣѩʹֿɵиװԲĹĵĶϣԵزһ£Сһڶһţ˵˸оǳԡ
СӣôͲʵҶ˵ˣһҪúýѵѵ
ʵΪиʱѾȽˣ˯ʱһֻܲţǳ㣬ȵʱ򣬸ǱȽѰǹˣǰͷ֮ľǲָҲǱȽϰ˵ġ
ѩһǱȽ񵭵ģڼҲôʳҲûʲô̫ķӦҲȽҶӻȽϺù
үԼûŮͰѴҶǬŮǵԼĺӣÿǣе˵ʱ
˵ҶҵŮҲȽҶƽ𣬸ҵгɣͥҶҶһҲǾ̵ĳ˴ĳ˸߹٣νһȨɷˡ
Ǽ滹ѧļӱѧϰҲǱȽϳɹģԺǻѡʲôķչ·˵ĻΪʱ硣
һʱҶҵĵĴҪˡүӿѩĶӣЩп˵һ
Ǻ¶ҶƽҲͦߵģԱ߶͵һʱ򣬸պù£ҲһӦļ
һյĻ⺢ӵɾͿˡҶ鲻ðͶڵգǻͶһӰ
Ҷ˾ЦеͶܱûлͶǿˡ
үӺҶƽҶĻһ֪˵˵ʵѾһЩⷽͷ
һЩĸеĵΪ¸ĸֺ֢ʱѾر˳Щ⣬ҶȽϾ裬ʱҲҲʲôȽϺõİ취ֻǶٵطЩһЩ˼
ǵطͷҲѹǵطڹӰͺޡ
ǰĴ󲿷ֹֻҪ˹ģģ϶ǲҵط䱾ûʲô쵼ȨЩҪͽ¶
ںܳһʱڣְԱнһȽϵ͵ˮ׼ԴҶϲΪãиҹҲȶְԱͲͬˣһҲǼѣ˵ʲô֮Ķٵÿ
ΪˣܶŵҪԱҲǽŮаš
£ָطڹжӰ
ЩƲ֮󣬶ڵطĹԱҲǺܿһʲôҪ¶ǰڵطϡ
طϵĹԱҲԴ˷ǳͷۣΪҪǮģҪóģǵطҲ޵úܣòǮ
һ˹˸ط֮Ļϰ֮ȻԽԽˡ
ùǰ취Ҿϣ鲻Ҷǳȷرʾӯಢ׷㴢ҲǶó׵ĿģǮڸûĵطôҶܹԼӦʲô


581 ɱ
漰ģûС¶ү̾˿ְҲãүүҲã֮ˣⷽȽϹעʱǽһߵλϣͺʵˡ
Ҷ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ү˵ĻҲûڹڵƶȺͳ˼άʽӰ죬֮ȽʢУʵǵʵڹٳϣǺʵʵ˵ˡ
ΪԼһµģҪµ˵滰ڵ졣
֪ʵƶʺϹķߣ
ͺ̫浱һȻ˵Ŵ»Ӳ죬ȴҲ޷˽⵽ʵһǣȻֺУȻǶ˺ܶ޹ȺڣҲûа취顣
Ӹλ֮󣬾ͺýȽпʵˡ
үӽЩ޷ǾΪԼֻǾĴһԵ๣Ҳ̹ģЩҲֻҶƽҶǬһܹá
ҶҶļͷ˵϶ίǲĵ黹ͦΪû¶һҸɲǵĻץ̰ʲôģû뵽Ծ÷չһôġ
٣ǽʲôүӵҶһ۵СϱжֲǸͼ칤ģýǿίǵλϣҲһɶѣҪһģĹľ÷飬ҲΪ˽׼
ȻүְȻ˵һ䣬ѵ˵ҶҵӵܣûеԶ뻹𣿡
ͱˣСӻҪΪʡβ͡ҶƽˣһЦ˵
Ҳ˵СɵЩ飬ܶϹٳġү˵
ԷԷѻһԾ˵Ҷ˰ɣ˻ոǺãȳɿˡ
˾ЦΧ˹׷׳Բˡ
Ҷڵؼв˸ųԣŪôҶеǳ죬ȷʵǷǳټģǰûô
ôңҶ̾Ͳ˴ҵĿ⣬ϣЩ㵵ʵ
¡ҶЦ۸ûš
һٷСʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ˡ
ϾҶƽ򸾳겻ھǣԸү߶Ҳкܶ໰Ҫ˵ҶҶһӣȻǻȥȵʮһʱſĸͻ˼ҡ
ⶼûлˡҶƽ˼֮󣬾ɳϣЩп˵
鵽ǣɻȻò˶೤ʱ䣬ַ⽮ǲؾģҪܵɲУȻĻ鷳
С˵˵㲻ڹ˵ͲóˣίǶܣʲô˼أ
⻰Ҫ˵Ļеˡ
ؼСҲȥˣҪȻǱ߶ţҲ̫ġѻҶ˵
ҶŪЩҩƣһЩ²֮ϰŪǵ档
ʲôҶƽűƲӲӵҺ壬Щɵʵ
£ר˸Ū䷽дˡҶ˵ҶƽЩԥЦ˵ģԹˣȲ˵ġ
⺢ӣô˵أѻҶһ䣬Ȼ󽫾ƱڱǶᣬ˵ζǲйԵĸо
ֳһڣ˵о˿˿ģһ࣬ͷС
ҶƽˣͺһڣϸƷƷͷͬͦģӦǷ˱ǵġ
ţǸһλǰֵطϿ϶Ǽģôһҩƾ͵ʮǮˣЧ϶ǼõġҶ͵
ô󰡣ѻʱһ
û뵽ҶݸҩƶҪôǮȷʵеˡ
ҪмζҩıȽѸ㣬ԼǮȽϹʵҩĿݺüεġҶش
ҩõĶǸ߶ȵĴƣĻݲЧˣҩҲΰ׾ˡ
ȻˣһЩҩģҪӵģǵǻ˼Ǯ
Ҷƽһ;Щ΢΢ķȣ浹ɵðԵ˵ͷ˵ⶫӦò
ͷŪƿǱ߶ȡҶƽԶ˵
ҶͷѾһӣȥԼҲãҲգͦġ
áҶƽ˵ͷȻŶ˵ǸǸ˻Ҳ˵ˣЧô
Ҷ˻Ե㣬ֻмίһСʵ飬ΪõмίԶǵ׿ϣԾҲϲȦ棬һЩϢȥҶƽ֪ġ
ʱӾǰٲҪһ
ڻ¶ҪרжźõġҶ͵ʵҶ飬ҲǱŹһԵ˼ҵĽΣ
Ҿ¶еҶƽ˵Ҫ̣ô׽ܵ顣˻һߡСĻ¸˼ҾûбҪĿ˵Ļ˭ܺϽɵġ
ڵⲻͬڹĻһССĻ¸пܱץסѱȻͱΪϵ۵㣬ٳ¬ĿˣڹھͲܣڹˣпΪ¶ꪳɳ
ٴӸԴĹԱѡģֻҪѡͿԣԲҪϣǹڲͬˣԱģֻϹ٣ڰȴԺüԣᵣʲôס
Ҳ;Ҷ˻ƶȣֻ꼻һ֣ܳΪŤתһٴ롣
飬ҲġҶͷʾΪһίǣҲܹʬλزͣһЩĳԣӦȥġôҲһôȵץ̰εʱͿºˡ᲻ûиǣȻȻôҼաʱ򣬱ҲͲҪ˵ˣ˵㹻ȥסǵ͡
㻹׼Ǵɱ䰡Ҷƽʱôһ˵ŻȻˣԭҶǴɱһˣȷʵһ
ǵѣûʲôˣϣԼϴ󶯸ɸ꣬ͷģҶʱôһҶƽЩ𶯣֪ҶΪʲô飬Ȼ֮Ҫɱ
мίһЩ갸ӣҷڵʱ򿴵ˣȷʵм񻰵ƫƫû˴ˣûΪЩܷһ·Ǩ澿ʲôƴҵҲġҶ˵ҲмίǵĻҿԲܣĳЩ˰͵λϣôǵĺأ
Ҷƽˣʱ׹ˣԭô㣬ҪɱҪһ°ǵЩˡ
ȻѡôһмίǣôҪеԹ޵׼
һҶǴɱ䣬ŭһЩˣô׵ĲҶˣǻϵҶ͵ְǼλ
˵Ļĳ䣬˵һλϡ


582 ػ
ǲѾʲô֤ݣҶƽ˶ӵĻ֮زʲô
ӡУһǸҴƴģÿһο³çĶȴǶʱֵľȷգԼڶֵ˽⣬ԵҶʾҪͷ͸еҶѾõ㹻֤ݡ
֤ʵǺܶģֻǿΪ쵼ûоĶѡҶĻشȴǷƵģҷĽһЩ˶ѣҪҽİӣܹˢ¹̰¼¼ɱʲô
Ҷƽ°ͣʼ濼顣
Ҷ뷨ܹһЩҲһЩģ׶ӵĻΪʲôͻȻô
ʵϣҶȥǣҲҶҼĬһҶүΪ׵ҶˣûдֹֻǻĿǣһǲҪԼ֣ܹ˳Ҷ⣬һϣҶܹһӣҪ̫ĳָĻԺķչ
ϾҶ˲ˣôļ򣬾Ϳôصĵӣڶ˿ʼжԸ
ҶҶԣȻǲԸ⿴ġ
ҶְĹУҶֻǳĬûбʾȷ̬ȡ
ʵʳϺͳˣҲǿһ㣬ҶҲϣҶ̫ҫۣԲŻĬǵĳ֣Ļǰ᲻Ҷġ
ҶԼ뷨ȴܲͬԼƣˤˤûʲô⣬ҶΪ̣Ҳ˰ԼԾĻûмԼԿġ
ģҶҲȻ壬Ϊ鱨Ա֧֣ͬʱܹжԱִУǿ죬ûܹȵù
˵˵ʲôĿꣿҶƽ֮˳һ̳ϣͳ˴Ҫϡ
Ϲ˵ˣǵµһ棬úһĲֵڶʮϡҶشǰãҲ֮ǰԼ棬ֳӦʮϣֱӰѳ¶Ǹˡ
ô飬ôûһҶƽˣЩ㵵رʾ
Ƶİȫ¹ʣչ˵һǲϹٷý屨ģڲʲôĻǱǵģϼ쵼֪¶һҳ֮Ƚϱ
Ϊ߲쵼֮һҶƽȻԴһ֪Ǿ˵ûбعѹûϱ
ҶƽȻǷǳעġ
飬ûϱ˽ԴˣŶ˹ͬˣ˷Ҷ͵Ҳŷͨһѿ󹤵ļͱģмί߶ƺҲܵѹҵǰҲûн⣬ֻǿһλᣬ֤ݲʵΪɣὫ¸Ƶˡ
ǰΣӦҲϹ˵ˡҶƽͷ
Ϊ˰ҶŪŮλӣǷ˲ҪҶѼȥҪһʵλð壬Ȼ˵Ϊ˽ҶŪߣǻѵѪȷʵ١
ȻˣҶŪĿģΪ˼߶ȽۺһЩΪ˰ŮͷΪ˰ҲһݵĽס
ԭǴ⣬ȻǵҶԼΧ֮ͨҶ޷㣬мίǵȻȥӴĲ١
ǵԸôҶһοǳưͿˣ˵ǰ˵ҲǶĺܡ
ʱ˼ȫô˵˵Ҷܸɣʰ뵽ּͼ칤ԭΪ̫ƽˣ㿴ǣһ
Ҷҵӵܣֻ˳£ûһƾʲôռݸλסɲǵϽ֮·أ
һҶȻǻͷҶҲһ겻ǵԸ
ϲǣҶȫ޼Ѱһ͸ϺͳļƻˣŪЩ޴룬ֻʱϢģȴʱ
飬пܾһʱըΪ¶ʱ䣬ξ벻Զ˵ǰ飬Ҳ˵ϵ飬Ͼǰмίˣ˵Ժ·ҲӲΡҶ˵
Ҷƽͷ˵Էֶλһһģû뵽ж
ʱҶôһ˵ҶƽϾһȽʶˣԭһǰػģҪҶҸ̶ġ
ǿ飬ͻȻĻ϶ҶһֲҶڲ֮£пܾΪҶϴΣôһĻͱ뽫ϵѹȥ
ôһԭҪεĹһȴǿɺܶˣǵѹֵˣҪôȥɵӰ졣
ǵ뷨ǲҶƽһҪôû¶Ҫô¶ˣƵͷϣǼҳǰػİ
ڣмίҲ̫ܲƽҶʾЩҵģʵʵомˣΪҰ£ͺ˵ˣǰҲ˼βСж޷ǾҪ̽һ£Щ˾мŵùģСջҲ˸öִǰ˵ʱˡ
û뵽Ȼı󶯣Ҷƽˣͷ
ڶӵĳȣҶƽǱȽϳԾģҶܹͣ˵ˮ©ģʵǷëǣĳȹȷʵˡ
һ֪˿ϵ飬ͰͲסҪһˣϾǴӣһ֮ҲǴҶƫƫܹϼµʱ¶ڶԷеķͲǳܹġ
οڼ䣬ʱʱпܱΪԸҶ
ҾڶĶѡҶ͵Ҷǲķϵ󣬱Ͼһ꼸ʮڵ룬ʧˣһǻʹġ򲻵ѣҲ˵а˰٣ǧȻǵжǻûҪ̶ֳȡ
Ҳգ˼Ҳô룬鷳ˡҶƽ̾Ϣ
Ҷ˵ĻȻĿǰҶûгɳŷɥĵزԶԷֻǰŪԼĸĸݵʲôˡ
Ҫ˵ÿ꼸ʮڵȡҶǰ;ɥʧǻ²ĵģϾǵҪĿƣ
ٶڹ϶ԣĿ겢ǽҶֻͨ飬潻ѣΪûг֧֣ҪԼŮΪʥһ֣ô׵顣
ΪʥҶһָģҲҪóзĶûгһЩ֧֣ԼǸ㲻λõġ
ѡѡȥǻǸҶѡôһƨŶʱըλá


583 ۺҵ
֧㣬ȥɡҶƽ˼ھ
ҶƽѾǸӵĹٶˣմȨһǧ˷չ˵ίԱ
Ϊгί֮һҶүӵĶӣҶƽ߲Ȧӣֻ˵ʱ˺ͶѾ˼£Ļγ֣
һĹɣӡֵǱȽϽݣֻҪһȦģͬʱ߲쵼Ȧ棬ĻҲ᲻Ӧġ
үӸҶƽһүߵǾϵģӣʱλֱȽ⣬ԲָܹҶүֵ˫˫ֵơ
Ҷƽܹ֣ͬҲǻԵɺϣϸƶҪľǶƵľȷԤ⣬ԼʱļӦؽ߲УټеҪ쵼ãԲŵᡣ
ˣҪߵλϣǲԣȴڶ֮ˡ
֮󣬾ͬԾһ㣬ڹҴϵķȨɾȫͬҶƽ۽Ҳࡣ
ڵݣӴĺԽ࣬˼ĸ߶ȾԽߣǰǼ΢֪Ƿ£һµ
Ҷƽ˵һ䡰֧㡱壬Ͳֻ׵ĶԶӵһֿͷϵһָ߲Ա֧֡
ҶȻϰһ仰ģҲʮ̹ϾһϿɡ
߶ǸĶģʡֻҪûҲ󡣡Ҷʾǻи߲˳ҵĻǾҪ֧ˡ
Ӷʡʡίɽ֪ҶĵϸģȻж󣬶ɽͬ־ΪȥӶʡĴԱѹطĵһҪԿ϶֧Ҳж
ֻһҶҪط棬ķ̫Сڸ߲һߵѹҲ᲻ڶⷽӦԱУʱæңӦġ
ҶʱҶƽ¶ҲϣܹԴţʱš
ҶүϾҶƽȥ˵ҪһЩҶȥĻһûʱ䣬ڶĳЩۣ֮ҶƽίԱȥ̸ʺܶࡣ
̸˺һӣҶӵ˳ĵ绰¥ȥҵ绰ȥˡ
ҶƽȴǾýЩ񿺷ܣӻ˷֮󣬾Щ˴ҹŪѻЩмܲס
Ҷƽ֮ȴûʲôƣĸоѻ˺ܾá
ԷʱѻҶƽôô״̬
Ҳ᲻ҶСŪҩƵ⣿Ҷƽÿԭ
ҶƽȻʮͷǱõԼĽŶӣܶ۷ʱ̣ƽʱѹҲܴԺôҿ񱩵ʱȻЩˮƽˣϸһ룬֪ҶҩƵЧ
Сӡ趼ˡѻˣЩЦãЩ˼˵ҩƣȥҲҪͱˣԼá
١ҶƽЦһӦ
Ҷû뵽Ȼ֪ԼݵҩƷӣǲ֮أԼȴûкȹҲϰϴ⣬ָ˸ܵá
ϵʱҶȥ˵ۺһ߶ӲľӪһ߶楼档
ؾӭ˳ҶѾܾûۺˣȻǸ飬ֵǶҶٵĵʾһӭ
⻹ǺܲҶһ͸ܵ˵ۺ
Ȼ˵ǰЩٳƤŮӸȥˣΪ˸ɫ˵ۺ׼żԵۺⲻûܵӰ죬෴˵ΣȻžǵһߵ
չҵ񣬼˶̡Ҷӭȥ֮󣬾Ͷ˵
̡Ҷԥһ£Ȼ˵ʵۺǾӪҾͲӦ˵ʲôˣֻǶ飬˵󲻴˵ССԼҪպһԭ򣬾ǲҪ˸ץס˰ѱʱ򲻺˵
ڴӸֹȻǴ۶ĵģ齫Ӯͷʲôģпܱץģ˵ʲôˣǰǱ߶Ĵĳڵؿ϶ǿģΪ߲ϾͲ
Ǵ˽ʵڵĶ̻Ǻܶģٸ棬ṩַĳֶֻһ㶼д󱳾ֵ֧ģ²飬˼ҲҪһЩĴ￪ģСϰǣͽӴҲʲôӰ졣
͸辭һġ
ĺˡЦŽ͵ҵǸģƽʱ鲿һЩ鱨ԲõĻ飬ǲˣҲûд󰭣ҸӦһ¾ˡ
ţǰѹϵ˳ͺáҶͷû˵ʲô
ʲô飬ֻҪһ֣ͱü򵥶ˣӹҰȫĽǶȳҪԵøӽȣԹ˾鱨ŵ֮󣬾Ͳʲô鷳
Ǿӵ˾ٱ֤Ҳ᲻֮
ʵϣֳǱȽ϶ģǵۺˣͬʵģٻкüңйز⿪ģĿȻҲܼ򵥣Ϊ鱨ͽǮ룬˵ְȨĲҲ˵Ϊ˹ҪίߣͿĸڹ͡
Ҷ֪ǵĹҿֶ֮ҲͲõˡ
̵ôҶһ
׬Ǯˬ졣һ¶ʱЦʱ򣬻мǧֳӣǸȥʹһ٣֮ͱȽ˳ˣĺܡҲȥվ˹ά˹֮Ķȥѧϰ飬ŹʻŬ
⵹Ǹһаһаǲ鱨Ҳһ˲šҶ֮󣬾Цſ޵
˵һʵڻھ鲿ЩˣĶ˲ţǣÿһԼĶؼǴӴķЩǺĹ˲ţⷽ˺ܴĹ򣬲ջ
ȻˣҶǼ˴ˣЩ˲Ŷˡ
٣㲻ҲȥһȦҶ˵
ţҲãͼʶʶǵ³ɹҶ룬£һȦҲ
һӣ楾£ˡ
ҲҶʮĳ룬
Ҷ楺壬һĸ˾ͳרõ˵¶㣬ȥ˵ۺĶ档
һ֮󣬾ʹֵԼǧƽ׵ĵ̶ϣֶľһӦȫ˿ˡӡƾṣ̌ϻʲôģеһǣǹϷȻҲǶԶĵ֡
Ŀˣȥ˰ɣҶɨ˼ۣЩȵ˵
ôĿˣÿС漸֣һϵˮҲǷǳɹ۵֡
ѹݹ̵ȻǷǳ׬Ǯˡ


584 
оӰĳࡣ楿֮󣬾۵
ǺǣȥϾοе񡣡Цűʾ
Ӱǰģݣ󷢡»ݵġڵ괴4000ԪƱɼɴ۲Ƭķ糱
񡷵ĳҲΪ۵ӰһƱ¼¼ʱķʱ򣬻ҲҵڣѾȹƴùϿɵķܶڣԴǵıжԿó˵̬ܷɡ
ⲿӰƬҲ÷ǳ˳ֻµʱ䣬ʱͶ1000ԪƱɼȴﵽ4000ڻعͷⲿӰƬȻһǧƷڴϺҵ϶ܳɹûеغڵ֧֣ûзͻĵǣҲܵôĹע
ʵϣҶȽϲǡ2ϧⲿƬӣҪһŻӳڻûء
ϸ˵񡷺͡2֮ĲǱȽϴģһʱ˽꣬ݵĹ˺ܴһǼλԱΪҲ˺ܴĻ𽥳ˣݸࡣ
𡶶ڳ˻϶ⲿӰӰж
۵ȷʵһЩƬӣǰҲǡ˵¶ϵֳˣʵϵ鱨ͷӣǺмصģ˵۵Ӱķ٣̶ܴϲΪΪڵƱϴǮƬҲ˺ܶ࣬죬ƱȴߣҲǷǳġһڵܵѹĻٷٺпܾͻ
鰡楲ŵ֮Щȵ˵
һԲǲ֪ģ̨Ǳ߶Աǣܷ⣬ʵ󲿷˵벢ãܶ˶ڵвȣȥһЩƬƬѹúܵͣеһܹ֣ѾǶԷˣеǰװ˼Ҹɻ
𣿡ʵ
ܵһʱܲһ͵ܾһΣǺڵʱ㣬ǲԺǹ͵øϡʵ̨ĺܶӰӰܿںڵҲû취顣ȻĻÿƴϷȴɱΪԸⰡⶼû취Ƴġ
ô˵ڵغû찡ˣЩд˵ǰμ˼ʱ򣬾ͷͦɵģһ벻ƣƵСˡ
ҶȦļŮ˵У˪Ҫͨ׻˼ӴȽ϶࣬Ů£ֽӽԹϵıȽϺãΪǷǵģҲȽʶ
˼һܸ㵽ǮҶȻһ
룬ӦһǧҰɣĿⲻ¸Ҳ⣬һ߸֡ȻˣһЩ룬ҲΪơ楻ش˿Ҷ˵һҶٵĹ˾ӰȦչֻڻѧϰ׶Σ֪İôˣ
ŶӡҶ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
˼൱Խģ⼸̨ҲܷḻҪתͽӰȦչĻƲһ㡣
ӰȦȽŶһ˵
ӰȦңҲҲ߶˾Цˣ֪ҶŮ˵ģȻ˭еӣȥǱҶٵŮˡ
Ȼˣڲ֪ǰ£˿϶Ǻܶġ
С壬ʮĳ룬ԼȥɡҶ˵
ŶҵԼãˡȻЩԾԾԣֵ˶ˣҲǱȽìܡ
ǰ׸ģҵģӮ˶㡣ҶЦ
ҲЦһѣȥɣһ£ζʱææȥģˡ
ܵġ˵ͷһѳ룬ϲ̵ˡ
ֱȥҡӵǱ߶ȻǾҡӵһЩѹѹСҲ򵥱ݣǱ߶Ҳģ˻߾ɥ
Сӵԣϲ֡ҶһۣͶ˵
Сǿųˣ͸ԼһǵʼջǸӡЩп˵
ҾСܺðһ˵һʱʲô鶼뵽ˣû߶ĻЩ黹Ĳð졣
楸һʱҲˣ˵ĸ鵹ǸƵġ
ʱ뿪Ļ楻ЩӦˡ
ҲȥɣϲʲôĿʵ
ϲĸҶתͷѯʵ
ҶĲ˽⣬ǰҲֻڵӵӰϿҡӺƾţ˿ʲôģǾǲס˵
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Ҳáһ£͵ͷͬ
ҶҲûʲô뷨˾͵ǹǱ߶
߶һλãÿλÿɹ˶Զģǿ˭ĵ÷ָߣ˭ʤҲûʲô׿ԣҸƾ汾˵
߶Ĺأ˵ĶעгȴΪȵ˽֮ٽн㣬ӮΣĳ߶Ҫȥʮ֮һΪõġ
ȻˣһעһǧԪ̵ܹˣҲˣ׼ǱȽϺʵġ
͵ı׼һӮĳ߶ҲԪӵʲôģֵ˼ǮЩһעԪµĹģ
ǾһָߣɲΪʡǮġ
󲿷˹̼ģעԽԽ죬ǾԽ˷ܡ˵
ǺǣԽ˷ܣϰԽ񡣡ҶЦ
ǵġСҶĶ˵٣֪ӣߵʱһжӯ
治˵˰򲻣Ҷûʲôֻ֪Ǿյܹ˰Ļͺֵˡ
򣿺ǺǣҪӸˡЦ˵ǰ£ߵһ죬һǧİ򣡡
ôࣿҶ֮ҲǴΪզ࣬ȫû뵽̵Ȼ֮ߡ
Ȼ֪ĳ׬Ǯھеĵ¶ĳȻôߵȷʵ˾ģֲþԸĳӣʵǮ̫ˡ
粻Ϊھ鲿£ҶԼŵģҪһϵҪóȥ·ɵġ
ûⷽĹǣҲû֧ⷽԶĳԵ÷ǳɹˡ
һһǧ򰡣ֱӡٶˡҶҡҡͷ
һһ㣬ûӱȵģһڵ룬ԪǷǳǫѷرʾ


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ΪҶ˽鱨ĸˣյĹҶĻȻҪһЩԼЩҶУҲǲѡ
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˫ŵùۺӣľֱȽϰȫԲŻۺʱҲһŻЭøĹϵù˿ͷĵطһʹ졣
Ǵλ˵һǧİٶӣǾһλӣͬԸ۵һλ֮д裬ۺǰհٷ֮ȡģо֮Ķľ֣һ㡣
Ȼˣۺ߶ȻֻٰȻǮϴˣҲǿĳӵе֮һ
ʵϣŵĶĳ֮Գʢ˥ΪǵźܶʽϴãֻͨǵܹȽϷؽһЩĿСʽѸٵرɺϷʽʹá
˵ĻֻܹͨͶʵķʽ˵ʲôȷʽʵʽϷôĻһҪʱһ̱ȽϸӣڽϳԶڶĳϻӳⷽʹ졣
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ҸоҪѧϰĶܶ࡭ҶĻʱҲеЩͷʹ
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ûʮҵĿ๦ĿǴﲻġ
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׼ͷеǷѰһԿ˾Ц
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ⶫǹһҶеûӣЦһ
ĳ߶˹ϿɵĵӰУԼƷǱȽϷġ
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Ҷ˵˵ͷһ̬˵ڶ
ЧȻ˾ŻԱ߶Χ۵Ⱥжʱ˾ȵִɼȷʵе˵ġ
ȻˣҲųϹèӵĿԡ
極ƺǷǳģļǹöȽȶŻ֮䣬ϧûʮģǶһûǹ˶ԣɼѾܺˡ
ҶٶȲ죬ƺѾһЩŶϵصԼ̬ǹȻаģʮŻ߳ɼʱһ󾪺
ǺǣϹײϵġҶЦЦûзϡ
Ա߶ļλϵĿǣƺͣΧ
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Ȼ˵ܹΪԼˣȴܹԲһͷص롣
ϾϻȻȴԸڹ̫ۣ̽ϾҵĹ̫ӣЩҲ̫ˡ
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ֻǲλôģҶղŵĳɼȻǰԶģ˿ˣδ˵е۸ˡ
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ʮĳ룬أҲʲô׵ģ˵̬ȻҲûоֻʮ飬ЩСˣҾһ˶ѡ
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СӣӮ治󡣡Ա߶˼ˣƲƲλǳͣû
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ڴҵעҲǶԼǵյĶˣתƵҶ˵ıϣϾôˮƽͻȻڶ̵УǷǳ顣
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Ǻǣ⻰ʵеˡҶȻشһڶĳʱ䣬Ѽʮϰˣѵ˼ȥʲôǲԽ𣿡
˵Ҳǡ˵˵ͷתѯʵûմ߾ͣ
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ǺǣɣҲࡣҶЦЦ
ʱ򣬷ͽҶӮõĳ붼˹˴лӮʮ֮⣬ͶΧ̵ʮ򣬴ʱҲӮ˾ʮСʱȻһҲǺջ
϶ȡҶʲôѣϵĳͱһʮ
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Ҷϸǳ뱳棬ͿԿϸСĵһصбţɵð˼ܣѵõĹ˲š
лҪҶ˵ʲôʱ򣬾˹
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ҲҶҲһ䣬Ȼû뵽ΪɵҶ
ǺǣղģܾûǿĶˡлЦЦָҶ˵λСҶոǹӮʮ顣
Щ˵û뵽ҶپȻҲСǮ
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˿лķչҲᰵԵûбҪȻлͬضŸɡ
մŮĹ⣬лͬⶼȽ˳ͷǺЩԵõġ
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лǵõҶԼӳĸоôоߵΣȻ˵Ѿ˲ҶԵͷȻǰɥޱȡ
ⲻ֮䣬Լ͸Ҷˡ
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һڹٳʮ겻ÿһܹվȨҴ壬ڼʮԲһܹõġ
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ǺǣʱȻҪһģлɡҶЦЦϾǳֵģһǸģʡӰ˼ƻ
ӦõģվһǹֵҶǸĶ֡лͬЦǧ׵ãлỹҪġ
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˳֮лЩס֣̬ǲǷŵе̫ˣҶܸɣҲһСֱղţȫͰͬԴ
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ΪлҵӵܣлСܵĽǼõģҲ˹ĽбףȻļʶ㲩ȽǿҲԸԴë
ǵع֮ĹڵǱȽģý跽϶ڴַ״̬һƬӲݣݬ룬ԶڹڵĺܶµĿͱȽϸ档
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лͬôҲվڶԶӵǳ˽Ļ˵ģлЩҶΪҶΪҶĴ֮У˽ľ棬ϸһ룬;СȷʵЩطԼġ
ӲˣҲ֪ȥ٣ǷͬԼĿлͬؾ;ýӦðѻ˵øһЩ
ڵ˺ܴı仯лͬضԶ˵˵ǰ걬ζӪҵĴѹиĸ﷽ۣǵҵ˲ŵԼҵչ棬к̰ܶ壬ͬ޷ִġȻ˵ź˵ҪչӪҵҲΪƵһѣڷϣֻһп޵ԷŶѡ
ӪҵҪչϰܶ࣬ѣҪͻЩϰͱ򽻵˵ЧعͨϵҲã˵ȨҲգֻ֮ܶҪڹҪúõطչҵͲܹܿһ
Ҳ˵ҶйͻǶǹȥˡڵ鹢ڻ˼δؾͻϣǿ̬̬𡣡
ǶԣϷ¶ҶõĻ϶ҲᲵӣϾõĹϵţҲչһЩ
ķչƣǿòˣ̽ⲻ˵ģȨʱ˵ڹڻǺгģǴлҵİʽ𣬼ǿͨ˶ʽ𣬺ֹڣ
ôһʽټϴͨϵʮ֮չΪһӴĲţûʲô⡣
ԣվڳԶϿ⣬ҪȡᣬЩʵʵ뷨׿һǰȵʮ֮ٻͷͻԼ˺ǵѡ񡣡
лŸһô໰ʱ˺ܶ
һֱлͬضǶȡ˷ε̬ȣ˼еʱ򼴱˴ͶʾҲôȥлԸ
ϵһϯǸһ竹ӵϣƾҶˣлĶ棬ȴһЩƼյĸо
лҵ㣬ܹͬŽύôչǰ;ֺαںһСͻ
Ҫµˣ͵֮ΤΪͼıعİҵǰԼСŶ͸ˣʵ֤Ͷǳɹģֻ۽粻ƶѡ
ְ˵ǣ̫ˡлڳԼĴ
лͬοص˵ͷԶ˵ʼҪ˵ģִˣҲٽӴҵԼһ̯飬Ҫϵģôҵû֧ŲģûϵҲ֧ŲģҪˡ
лӦˣż͸׻ص˼
ĥһӣ;ҶǵöധĦһϲãͶãȡˣܹ֤Լ棬ȻлãͲܹ˷ˡ
Ҫ֪ҪͽҶˣĺܶࡣ


589 а
߶һ䶯֮лҸӵȥɢ
ҶҪתʱ򣬾ͽӵлĵ绰
лôпմ绰ҶЦʵȥʥ֮ѹ󲻴󣿡
ΪһִʥѾĮءлȻЩԹ
Ҷ뿪ҲЩץлǳҶȥʥģû뵽ҶȻȥǣһȻժӵġ
飬лȻǸеȽŵģھҶߵʱ򣬽Լһִİףȫл
ʥ϶ҶȻһӣҪ򿪾棬ȴûôףȻ˵ҲҪշΪԼİףȴδ⣬ϾҶҵ죬Ҷлִ֣˭ҲתͶ˵¡
ίǻϾǸռӣҲδܴﵽԤĿ꣬ǳȫлȻѾʥ
ֻлվЩģΪҶ߶
ôܲģҶȻ֪лھʲô飬̾ͱʾȻ˵뿪ʥк̶ܴǱżģҪĿģȴΪ˷λ뿪Ļڶʱڽġ
˵úһлϲͬ⣬ʵҲúܡ
ҶԣʥֱҲֻеίǻ͹ίҶְûлģҶˣˣľͻˡ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪѻߺһ˸ȥͿ˳µسΪһ֣ʥеĻᣬɹɲС
ûʲô׵·ˣҶںһѹ£ûʲôֿ뿪ˣ۵
ҶʥƿжֻԼ˻ǿ׶ҶӵܣԺŻᱻŪժӣʵͲôˡ
ղҰֺҸˣлѯʵ
ţʼ֪Է˭ִһҶЦ
ҰֶƳ籸˵ô껹ûôǿĶ֣μӰ˻ءл˵
лǿ佱ˣǸʱ䡣ҶЦл޳֣Ǳǿ̫ˣ˽崺磬ʱĻϵһ£һһ̸̸顣
ҸҲģΪеӰӦҲǺܺõĺ顣лȻҶڮԼֳ˵˵ףռ˱ˣαظôƽϣ˵ҵȦ棬ҲеСġ
ҲôûҪǿҺҲǻӭģܲ治ǰɣҶʾ
ǺãҾͷɹҵ绰л֮жԼʱ䡣
߶Ź˵绰Ǳ߶ЩƵܹˡ
ҲʺֶЩƲֵֹ
ˣҶһ£еЦʵŲһСʱȷʵܿӮ
߶עٶһǧǮʮǮҲһٸСѣֻǸղŶһʱõĶһĳ룬ҲȥһС룬ôһûйãʮˡ
Ǹҡӵĺ칦һɱСƵ˵
ÿעһĳ룬ûڳעȽ϶ˣÿһζǱׯҸס
ǺǣɱСģĻĳӻ׬Ǯ𣿡ҶЦ
˵ݶˣҶ͸˵ܣһȥСųȥܲС˰ɣ
˵Ǹҡӵĺɹרĸ֣ѾܹɸӵĵˣҪӮǮɲô׵ġ¶ҲˮϾⲻӮ⣬ǣһӺַ⡣
˵˼Ҳܼ򵥣߶ר˸ƶȣΪĻϰ壬Ҳ÷Ըɹȥʲôڶĳ飬ĻҶôˡ
ţǶԵģûйأɷԲʵҲСһ£ҪģʲôʱȥŸ˶ԶģŹ񫡣Ҷͷͬ
ٳһ忴Ҷеĳܶ࣬ʱġ
ˣЦ˵ĳϵ飬ͺ˵ˡ
Ҳ׶ǲǣҶٺЦţĳȥ֪֪ʲô緶
Ҿã㻹ǽһáһ߶ȴûиҶʲôӣλɹٲһˣҪ¶ͨɱǵĻҲܹ쵽ġ
ܵüʶһ²źáҶЦ
һٶĳ룬ҲûдȥϾҲԼĲҵ˾ӪҲΪά鱨תҪӴʽܹӪ˺ʵЩ֮⡣
ҶֲȱǮȻûбҪЩϹڻ
ĸ˾ҡӵĶΧ߶˹ȻȽ϶࣬עĴжʮˣΧ۵ĵʮҲҿǶ󣬷Ųôˡ
ҶҲˣһҡӵĶֻŶϵȽϺöѡ
ˣ֪ɹǸ֣ΪʲôôѡŶ楼ˣЩʵ
Ҷ͵Ǯˣ϶ǲǮ֣ǲӶ࣬ǹĿģʵҪôǸԼĶֶԶģҪôҪսһׯң֤һԼʵϵĺɹʵǿϣսһλ
˵ûͷͬ
ʵרλֺɹٹҪΪģ֪ܶλ֮󣬾Ͷ׷׹սϧû˳ɹһѶѳ룬öĳ׬
ǹʱ򣬸պɹ˵֣Ҫˣ
ԭǸŮģҶˣʱЩԾ
ɹٵ䲻󣬳ͦƯģֻ˪ЦַǷǳ͸ӰӸһģһ˾̾ѡ
ҿѵʱ򣬾ͼֻǶͺߵСɱС
ôܣ߰СˣôôаŶ
Ҹ˵ѹСɣ㿴ô
ĿǼ˽׷ױԹȻ˱Ƚ϶࣬ӮҲУҶܿɨһ۳룬ͼȥĿҪԶСӮĿ
Ȼɹٿ϶ԼһַģܹƵС
һˣǹŮġЩ˵
ҶˣʱЦҲ֪ǴôһλŮɹٵģȷʵۣҲôѶĿǵ˼Ȼ˵ӵ˺֮ܶ࣬˵עǷ棬ǷŮɹٵϡ
ھӪҿ´θһҴ˾ˡҶͷͶЦ
ǸãٵİȻû˵ǴһҪ߰ҲЦŻӦ
ҾͲаˣѵῪڰ˰Сʱ򣬾˲ؽµ


590 ¶˺ۼ
ڰ˰СʲôϡģһʮСġ
ĳ֮޸ӣλŮʵҲ̫׺һЩˡ
ԣҪλĿ̫ôصעҪһֱѹ˼ô׷Ź
ĿǺΧ۵۷׷ףҶˡ
ղ岻Ȼһλͣһѹϰĳ룬Ҳ֪Ƿʲô壬Ҫϸ˼Ůɹټߵͣ
Ҳ˵λȥһǧˣҶΧ˵ĶԻЩʵ
ɲǮҲôӵģֲӮ߰ѣôصĵԱ߶ĶĿʹҡͷȻλĺеʧ
ǶĿӮ߰ѣÿһζǰеĳ붼ѹϵĻôɹٵѹǷǳģƫƫ෴ÿһѶ˼Ůɹٴ׬׬ȻԽսԽ£кѹ
ڴҶڿλĺעȻŷ׷ԼңҲȽϽΪעˣ˱仯˼ҺɹپδһҪСˡ
Ҷ״ʹ̽һµ˼ʮĳȥӵλ͵Ķ档
֡ŮɹѾҡӣһ˪ı飬
ҶϸϹ۲ãҲûзʲôɵðԵ˵ͷ˵λŮɹ٣Ǻģѵð
ʲôϸв𣿡ҶԱ߶
ûмõĻԱҲǱ˵ġüͷޱıҲе֣м̿ǿ־ֵģΪʲôһҪ˶Ÿɣ
ô˵߰СϾʲô¶һ֪ǶĿڸׯҪ˵ûʲôè壬˭Ҳŵġ
Ӹ߰Сļ΢΢ׯôаƽ
һǶĻĿҲҪѰһ̼ԸλͶĶŶĲ٣ҲһЩҶǲаİ
һСɱСŮɹٽҿѣ˽
ȻһһεķӦʹˡ
ԹԽԽ࣬ӮǮЩȻ͹棬ǮЩͱȽˡ
˰Сĵ
䲻ͲҪˡ
ҾͲаˣбٿС
ҶӮĳݸ壬Ȼ˵Сɣ͵ѧϰһҲǺõġ
ˣҲûȤˡȴҡҡͷֶ治ģԸȥǹ
ǸǿɡҶЦŻش
Сھ鲿ģǹеʲôϤ̶ȣԶһܹȵġ
ֻϤѣ̸ǿҡͷǶǹ֣׼ȺҲ̫ǿˣ滳㻹ʲô飿
Ҳ飬ءҶЦ
ҶֹһӺ󣬾ͷλĿְѳѹ˴ϣǾͶ˵Ӯɡ
˵ҶͰеĳһʮͳͳѹ˴ϣλĿͱһ¡
һӣе˶ʱˡ
вİ
ѹѹǺûᣬׯҶȻûĿԣ
ҶλĿͣмλаҪĶĿѹڴϵʽѾˣһӺܶ˶עѹСϣҲİʮˡ
ʵѹСĶĿҲСģĽ̫֮󣬻Ӱ쵽ׯҵ̬ת䣬ͻȻ鷳ˡ
ŮɹٿҶһۣЩ죬ҲûԥʲôֱӾͺ֣Ȼƿѡ
ӣ󣡡
Ȼˣ
ܳһΪҪĵأ
ʧˣ
СЩĿǣʱˡ
һΣµעȴû뵽ŮɹپȻ˴ȷʵ˸еΪʲôԸ
ӳɱ㣬ǲȡģһЩԭ
ˣϢһŮɹٺȻ˵һͽ̸ͣˡ
ҲǵĹأÿ֮󣬿ѡϢȻҲѡȥ
ͻȻ˱֮󣬺ɹѡϢҲʲô顣
Ͼǿŵģûоˣȥĵطȥġ
Ůɹ߽˺ϢͿˡ
ĵ绰֮ܿĿת͵ϣƺЩ˼ӡ
ôˣҶʵ
С͵ޱ˵ͲһˣһеһֱڳҪעֻնѣûа취Բűſ˰˰СղͻȻעǵļƻһѾҪˡ
ǧôĵӣҶˣüͷ
ۺҿĳȻͲʲôҡ
ʵϣ˾֮󣬸ҵˣȫǸȥֱҸڸͻͻˣôһĻۺɾͻˣ黹ǲˣ˽ñȽϺһЩ
ʲôͷŪˡɵ
еһǧȥˣȻһ
ķչЩϣǼ˵ͷˣû˵ʲô
ˡ˵
ĳżʣƴľǶĳͶĿ֮ĸ£˭ܹѹ˭˭ܹӮǮֻ֮ˡ
Է¼ʱϸоһ£ķ˵Ϊ鱨ЩǱڵĶǣǺȤġ
ôһҶϾٶ룬Ͼˡ
ҶԴ˵ǲô⣬ֻɢɢĶѣûʲô뷨Ǿ͸ʮĳΪȻĶ󣬡ǸǼֵܵ
ǺǡЦЦˡ
ʵڵԣĲ࣬˵ۺȻ׬ǮףҪҲ٣䵽ǮҲ޵ģÿڵĵۺԣֵҲǧ
ȻڹڵĹУʱѾǾԵĸнԱ
Լ˰Сʱ֮󣬾Ϸ˶ʮ֮Ǳ߶Ϣʹˡ
ǼǹˣΧԱҶ˵ֻǲ֪ôţȻǵĳˣ
ˣǸǺûʲôϸɣҶˣʱüͷһ
Ǿǹ˴֮䶼ǱȽٽӴģ϶Ǹǣȴû뵽ǾȻܵĵͷҰʳ¶ȷʵǱȽֵġ
ûиʲô鷸ƵɣҶòصѯһ䡣
ţܲûԭģҶʸУ˵Լ߶ʲôò׵ˣҲҪʱУܲץסѱ
˵ۺĳǾŵģⷽЩ覴ãǻᱻڸģôʱ⣬Ͳˡ
ûУ֤
˵֮䣬ĵ绰ɫŹֵضҶ˵ʮֵɻֳ


591 
߶󲿳ͨҶ֪һġ
һΪϻرҵϣϳ֣ƻ˹ڲ˼¶ҶҲ֪ġ
ͨϣǳ˾鲿ģ˵˵ͻȻǣҶ;е棬֪ô¶
֪߶˭ֵĳ𣿡Ҷ
˵֪Ǽٵġش
Ҷ°ͣҲ²͸Էʲôģ˵ǺðɣȥԿڷҪʲô
˵ͷȥ档
ҪɣЩǵʵ
ΣУĳվΥģۺﶥһ°ܣ϶ҪܵʹģܵҶ˶ܵǣ
Ȼû¶һԷǳɴػشǶٵúܣֲסǻô죿
ҶЦЦûзΪԼҲòʲô¶
ֻתȦ;ûʲô˼ˣҲ뿪˶ĳص棬˸طغȾƷ裬һ߶Զڳŷ躰š
Ϊװ޺öǹһģԵۺĳӻǺܻӭġ
߶ԻԱŵƶȣһЩ׶˶֮ˣʸѵĿǣϲ߶ĸоٲΪڳ˻죬Щ֪νˡ
һЩŮǣҲϲܡ
ܹˣ϶Ǹ߸˧ˣҲǸ˧˧˧ʲôĸûлΪ߶ҪͻһǮһȨԷĲûУֻŮǣҪѼӣǵȥҹˡ
ԣڵۺѱȽϰģС֮ĵңҲõ̫Ķ֣ڻԱķŷ棬ۺñȽϽġ
֮󣬺ƣͿ˺üͦŮ߶
ȻǾ߶˵ҹȷʵʵ極ͷ޵
һˣ붥߶кܶ๤ҪȥҶʾ˼Ȼ׬СǮô򵥣ҪۺӪΪʢֳȷʵҪںܶطиͷչ
ǺʣĹڣۺǶˡ
ҶĴѾкУĳ棬ڵۺĳӣʵĿĵҲ򵥣ϣԼȥʱܹиȽϷĵĳѡ
ȻˣҪ˵׬ǮҲǵȻõġ
ϾȻԾ߶Ϊ𣬵ҪӮ˺˾ӶкУ۶ġ
ôҲˣ۾ܼ⣬Ȼ˵
ҶŤͷһͼһŮӣ˵˵ЦЦ߽˳ӣƺӡ
Ǹδ޹磬ҲλϵŮ˵ǼǸŮӵġ
ȻϰϰѺǹϵŮʵϹϵŮ䣬̸ֻۼޣûʽףֻǶˡ
͹綼ûע⵽ҶЦߵ˳ӵһ߶ƺ˵ʲôЦ飬Ҫϲ㡣
Ҷ˾Ʊǳһڣ˼ع۲Զˡ
߶ΪƹĹϵ֮У͹ڵӣת֮λϣÿƹɨʱ򣬶ܹؿ͹ϵı仯
ó鲻Ź˵Цù粻ʱЦ
ҶҲע⵽δؾôɵģżڵƹתһɲǼ䣬ƺܹóϵɫ
ΣҶȻ極
Ȼ˵ҶлǱ߶ҲõںһЩΪûкֱӵĶϣԶں˵˽Ⲣ̡
ҶʼΪҪ뿴һ˵ıʣֻԽӴ֮󣬲пܵõȽʶ˿ڿഫ˽һˣȻֻʧ֮ڱˡ
ˣô˵أ˵ûΪԱȵĻҲѵһĿˡ
Ŷܵõ۵ģѵáҶ˵ͷʾ˽⡣
ҲǵյˣҲƵǼʶ㣬ڻϻҲãڶ˹ĲҲգĶǾ춯صĴ飬ҲӸλĹԱӵĳҵ׿ԽӰľӢ䣬ȻһС˧;ðǡ
Ҷôۺ֪˹ȻЩͬģҲðŵҶҵķգһҪһϸߵķչƽ̨
Ҷֻ˵ܹΪ۱׼
ûзʲô㣿Ҷʵ
ʵӦúģʥֻǣܹס֡楻شƺȡίǻ˵ֵĻлǺӦùġ
Ҷ˵ͷΪ˵û
ô˵ǵһ֣һ֣лţҲֻǸǼӸΣƲ߱
˵ʲô㣬ʵҲǺġ楿˿Ǳ߶ͬ˵ĺͲһǸݸϹ˼ҵ֧֣ʵʲôǡٳϣˣǣмܹͷģ㽫˼ҵָ֧õʵǲΪǡ
ţʵеѶˡҶشϿǰѺ²ԴģҲܰŮҪⷽ涯֣ǲס
ʵҲ򵥣ǿԸԸˡЩԥ˵Ҫ߹Ļ¶ǾͻˣϸҲû취ܲٱһŮ
û⡭ǹġҶʱʧЦ
ƤӲڣ㵱ʲôٰ楰Ҷһ۵
ġҶͷ
ʥе飬Ѿʼڿǽʵʱˣ绹ûаѺȥĻҪлļƻ޷ʵ֣ҶҲؿһ⡣
оĽ֣ǰڲίʱ򣬱Ƚ̣˻ʱж̣ΪʥĻ̫ã֮ھûʲôҲ˿ͻǡ
ԣҶǾã˵ĻƺҲֵÿһ¡
ҶתͰˣҶʲôõ˼ŮϴǳʲôˣûеµߵľԲһμӦȥǵ顣
߶˴аСʱӣĵ绰ʹ˹٣Щ飬Ҫİ塣
ҶЩԾǴðɣ£͹
ôˣʵ
ƻǹǱ߶飬һȥɡҶش


592 
ҶһˣܿȥǱ߶
ˡҶվʺȻָҶԱ߶һλˡ
ڶλˣȥͷںڣֻǰЩͺˣŶЩ͹ⷢһƽ۾沿Щ塣
λǹʮֵɻֳλҶ١ܵ
Ҷáͺƺ֪ҶݵģʱҲҵܿ˺ãǹʮֵɻ
ֳãô¶Ҷɻ֣Щʵ
Ҫ˵Ҷ֮Ĺϵĺһ㡣
о鲿ô˳ֵԴãԣôĲ󣬶ϴΪϻصĺҵĴ󲿳ͨڲԱǳҵɾ鲿ֲǽӡ
ԣҶڹϵͳ۱Ƚһ㣬ȻҲûȤ
еЩˣΪǲܲۺıҲ֪ܲۺҶ;鲿ִһݵ㣬ԾΪʲô飬ҶеȽϲˡ
ģҶǰæڵۺԼ˽мءɻҶ˵
Ҷһʱüͷ
Ҳã鲿Ҳã˵ǷǳձģΪۺһֳмؿ˵Ϣй¶ȥĻڵۺľӪǷǳģʱ˭Ѱ
飬ֻҪ漰˽⣬ۺǾԲȥ̽ġ
Ϊˣɻµʱ;ܾˣֻɻǹϵͳǿӲѹôҲȽͷۣϾ鲿ıò٣ȴʺϰᵽۡ
֮£ֻýҶˣŹҶ٣ҲôĵӣǿʲôԸȥ顣
飬ۺҲ֧֡Ҷһ֮󣬾ͽرʾǾӪֻһֳͬϹϵܵӰĲԼҲпܸҶҴ鷳¶ҲܴӦ
Ҷǿúģ֪ܲ󣬻ߴӦҲûʲôϵǴӱȽϸߵĽǶĻܹеش
Ȼ˵ϴҲ˵ۺҶҵģʵϾĸҺЩǶô¶ԵۺйģҲڵۺѣ˵ۺ˵Ҷҵ
ҶҪǸɻӵĻˡ
ʱȫ˵Ҷұϲ˿˵İȫһֵܹذĳЩܲţ̽ǵ˽
¶ȥĻȷʵҶߵģҶǾƲܹӦġ
¹ش棬Ҷܲͨһ£ɻ¶ƺеڱصõ飬ҶȻܾɫҲЩÿ
Ҷݰɻôܷŵζ⣿ֻҪһֽԷҲ÷ӣܹҸ壬ۺˡ
ôҲֻĵؽ˵ͼҶĽ顣
¶ûءҶ˵ֳæҾͲˡ
ɻһΣ֪¶ȷʵͬҶ˵ģû취ˣֻվԼĳ˳ҶǲҪҲܰװõۺ߶æһ£ǵеõóֵĶΪġ
ԭ⣬ּܹۻۡҶҡҡͷ
ȻɻеȤҲ֪׳ĽҲƲʲôöǸ˽֮ģЩҲҪõģϾڵλȽ࣬ʲôΣҲһߣá
ܹṩһǹҶ˽˷ģһȤɻҶе͸Ͻһ
ʲôҶôһ˵еˡ
ȻɻܹҪҶ㽻ôϢһ̫ƽ
Ҹ˽¹ͨȽϺһЩɻ˵
Ҷͷ˿ɻ֪׳ʲôϢֻ˵ðɣǽ̸һ̸
Ȼֶ˵кܺС壬Ҷеˡ
û⡣ͷӦȻ楺ȥ档
ȵ˶뿪֮ҶݵţȻɻȥ˵ؿ˵飬˵ֳӦҲôĵܹ˵¶²ᱻ˸ҥɣǶԷеˡ
¶еðˣԭܹȴû뵽Ҷǲ֮ˡɻҲԼʧߣֻ˵Ǽڵۺ֣ǵ˲ۺ¶ԻҶǳְæȽһЩ
˵˵ɡҶ˵ͷȴǲÿɷֻɻν
õġɻҲҶԶţϢȴ¶һǹиֳ⣬˽ձĸ߶¸жпиֳĹУй¶Ҫ鱨̸еߡ
¶Ҷ֮󣬾üͷһ塣
˵ȻΥΥ͵ģҲӦùмίȥܵģûγʵ֮ǰͲ֣Ҳе׵ġ
ǻعͷһ룬Ͳô򵥵ؿˣȾǹʲܻ˶⣬ξһķ飬Ҳ˰ӵġ
ҶгľݵĹϵͻԽչĹ©϶ǲ׵ģ¶Ҷ治ܲܡ
Ҷ˵ͷϵûʲô飬ɻЩû׶֪ϢҶԣǷֵƱۣ
ڶϢǵʿֹҶǰƵ٣ˡɻ˵Լһ
ҶˣжʱһȻϢĳҪԶɻĴܶࡣ
ɻ˵һ䣬ƺˣģôҶȷʵ޷ġ
ưǺܾûмˣ˵ʲô˼Ҷʱüͷ
ҶǲҪᣬֻż˵Ҷ˵Ƶ٣һ񣬸պǵ˷Ծô˳һ˵ɻϽһ£Ȼ˵ùƸҶ֮ӦеϵģҲͬǫֻ̀ܿҶװơ
ϢУɻǰһķҪһЩϾܹҶĹһЩǳɾ飬һͿҶ֮Ĺϵˣ
Ҷĸƹϵͬһ㣬ô滹ǻġ
Ȼֳôг⣬ҵǲƴˣֻǴҪϽһЩй¶ȥĻҵ϶ÿҶڴӦϣֳԽͿˡ
лҶˣǵҪ󲻻ܹ֡ɻҶڴӦҲһ
Ҷ򽻵治Ǽ򵥵飬û㹻潻ûа취


593 ܲͬ
ƬϵŮӣαռΪӷһЩƺΪɫ޷ɵĴҶϿȥ;ɻԣӦĻѱӵġ
ٿһȥ׵ڲеƬܹˡ
ҶݹƵС¡Եعһ£Ӧþĸң͹һʱ䣬ǳǺϡ
Ҷ̾˿ŲִټĵƬЩ
һֱ㲻ΪʲôͻȻְʧֱڣɻṩƬ֮󣬲һ顣
ƾȻˣҴʱҶĺӡ
飬ȷʵҶ˲СѹϾǸʮ˶ѣ˵Ǹӡ
ͣ󲿷˶У԰ѧŮͬѧʲôģû뵽ⶼϲˡ
ôͻȻ̾ˣ˽Ҷ̾ɵЩ㵵ʵ
ӡУƺûʲôѵסҶģһһȲʤȯӣȻ͸ˣȷʵ楸еЩ֡
ûʲôֻû뵽ʵ鱨Ҳ֮ǰҵСˡҶĻشȻЩԲԣ極û
ӦǺİɣ˵ʲô飬ǵ𣿡楶ڹӡҪԴС˵Ӱزģе޶Ȱθˡ
ǺǣֻҪ鱨Źעϵ飬ǲʲô©ġҶȻҲûб͹ãֻЦŽһ䡣
׻˵ĺã͵ǣĳ飬ĳˣ鱨ŸϣҲˣܹ鱨ŵļ˳ѡ
楽ͷɢ£Ȼȥԡˮ׼ϴ衣
ҶŴϣʼ⡣
Ƶ飬ĵǺǱģҵ֮ҪζԴҪϸһ
֮ĸ飬е֣ڹƵ˼ҶȻܹյõһЩҲ˵ȫܹԶĺӵ⣬ҶЩԥˡ
һˣ⺢õģҶǵƵ⣬ܵӲĻܻܴܵĴ̼Ҳ˵ԱöԹƵģ֤Ͷ溢ӵİȫ
뵽⣬Ҷɵöָмί˳ܰ˸绰ȥ
á
Ҷǣá
ϴιҪְ飬ְŲǻѹ
ǵģҶʲôǣ
ҾЩ嶯ˣɲҲףѹΣ
ͰҶǵָʾɣʱ䲻̫ãĻ˺˵лҶǵ
ţȸĲˡ
õġ
˵绰֮Ҷһ
ô˵ҲǸ飬ְҲãһһҪˣҲˣҪһҲһЩЩ飬Ҫδѵġ
иֳ⣬ȷʵҲȽˡ
ɻṩ鱨ʾиֳأ뵽֮ǰѾ˫ĸڵڣӸиֳ潻ʡί˳Ǹ֮ӹ˱˵İӣҶ;иֳһǰпһѰ
İһҿĻ˶ǣеĸɲҲ˸еȽͷۡ
ʵϣͨͷϵиֳѾȷ˶ֵķҪõƾʵݣҲǺѰ飬ĹؼڣҪβ鴦
ΪĲ˰뱣֮һиֳÿΪṩ˰վң׵ضһɲиֳʲôӰ죬ǲԶġ
һиֳľӪܵˣôӴǻľݻҶʼٸ߹ɺܲõӰġ
ǣʡί˳Ǹǵ۾Ҳһֱڶ߶ҶҪ¶ʲôСԻᱻ˳Ǹץסŵġ
һ£ȻҲˣǹ˳ǸǣںӶʡػϵܹ㣬ͬʱҶҲ֮ͬһЩϸԹ˳δؾͻôҶҵʣҶ˱Ѿй֮󣬸ˡ
ϴ֮ԡϣ㷢ͬٲһɢѾõ紵Ūòˣʱøëʪʵʪȶͷкôģֱõ紵ŪɵĻ˵ʡ
빤ϵأҶԣʵдһĵζ˸оеĶ
ţίˡҶ˵ͷָ極֫˵ǹʱҪһȵ⣬˲ã˻𼰸ЩܷǣΪʲô֮Ϊ֮󣿾ΪǶƣİΣͬýһҪʰ͵ԾÿܵӰĿܡ
ǵٵ鷳ȻÿһѵҪԶԾͼ򵥶ˣֻҪϵסҵķչͿˣûô֮ۡ󣬾§ҶԴԼؿ棬Щп˵
ҶѱӴ極ط֮䣬Ȼɵ㣬Ǹо̲ܲסͷ£Ū楿ЦȻЩ
㲻ҪӣоСһŪ˼һܡ˵
ˣȴ᲻ýҶԴƿ
ҪǱȫҶĵرʾ
ȻˣҶ˵һģ̾ͽԼļƻжˡ
ϴøɸɾܣһڴϵζͣҶȥƷ
ҶͷޱȣǼһһͨŪܽ԰εسҶٵİ֮С
ֵĸо֮ŵи˾һһڴϣָͷȥϵûˡ
ôһĸоҶһ͵ӣڴϣָܵ壬Щʵ
Լûио𣿷Ҫ˼׿˵ֵ
еһЩ飬ˣоŮˣ¶ҵĸоĸо϶һ¶Ҷ楴ʲôŮ֮Ĳͬ
⻰ƺҲ˵˸Ů˰¶ϵоܹϻõãȷʵԶСŮˡ
ǸŮ幹ĲͬйϵģǴҶ׫ĺ
ҽıΣСʵ
ܵı֣һҶŴĴָ˵
ڴһӣȻҶĵ绰ˡ
ôˣô˴绰Щ˵
ţҶҶ˵绰˵
Ҷǣ˱ˣ绰洫ģмί˳ܰЩ١


594 ʲô
Ҷǣ˱ˣ绰洫ģмί˳ܰЩ١
ʲôҶһûףһ䡣
Ҷǣиֳڵڰ棬漰ʡί˳ǸǵĹӹ˱ͻȻʧȥϢ˵Ѿȥ˰Ĵǣ˳ܰڵ绰˵
Ŷ˱ˡҶŵ绰߶һ䣬ƺǾһп޵顣
Ҷǡ˳ܰڵ绰Ҷƺû飬ͼ˵иֳڵڵİӵУ˱ҪˣˣɱȽϴӰġң˱ˣҲмίһЩӰ졣
ûбҪ졣ҶЦЦΪ¶ж
Ҷǡ˳ܰȻЩ²ģҶϵķӦʵе̫ٶˡ
ǣؾšҶڵ绰ɫ˱ֻǸСɫѣ˾ˣʵ˸ãôнڴĵص飿
˳ܰҶĻ󣬶ʱһЩ͵˵ѵ˵ҶҪھ׮ӣ
ȻģΪһڵڣһ˱õҷôľ𣿡Ҷһ
һ仰û˵Ź˱ؼҹ꣬ɲҶӹ˳ǣһʡίĸǣȻںӶʡ˵˲õҶľǿٵУҲô¶ѡ
˵ҶҪ¹˳ǣҲʲôܸӵ飬ֻҰ¶Ҫأһжðչ죬¶Ҫһ㡣
ҶŹ˱ؼҹ꣬Ȼǰķģûô󷽡
ϾĿʼǹ˱Ҷǰˣ磬ȻҪʲôģ˵иֳĸڵڣҲ˹˱ĳ֮꣬ǰץ˳ĻҶûȫиֳ֮ǰҲִݾߵĶ
ֻǵڣ˱Ȼˣô¶ͱñȽȤˡ
˳ܰҶôһ˵ʱЩõĸоѵ˵Ҷǹݹ˱֮󼪣
²Ļô˳ܰԿ϶˼Ҷļƻܵ˺ܲ˶ӹ˱ӹ˳ء
ѵ˵ҶҪԵĶʵʡί˳Ǹǣ
뵽֮˳ܰɫʱЩף˵ҶҶΪ٣ҪһʡԱҲô򵥵ɣСǲͲȥģԶԶرܿΪ
˳ںӶʡĻ̫ʢĹԱĸ֪
˳ܰҶȻǿƣҪ˳ǵĸҲδ
ǿѹͷأοҶʮɵСëӣôܶù˳ֹٳϺꣿҪ֪˼ʱ˺ͣУѾռˡ
Ҫô죿˳ܰʵ
ô˵ҶǼίһ֣¶ȻѾˣܵóһ³С
ǻûеҶΪȻ˵Ҽǵø˱ļ٣ǹ³ʮɣʱʹ˳ҪҲ٣ûҪע顣
ҶһʼûԹ˱ΪҪͻƿڣиֳ⡣
˱һӶѣڣЩֻܵΪֹˣôһܣȴǸҶиֳ飬ıҶǺܸ˵ġ
ʵϣŹ˱ؼҹ꣬Ǵ˼ϣ˱ܵ
û뵽Ը˱ľˣҶȻޱˬߵ˳ǰ˳ǣ˸öӡ
˳ܰҶôһ˵ʱҲ˲٣˵һֶżôЩ˾͸ûбҪæˣ¶Ҷǰţǲõˡ
Ҷ˵绰֮Ա߶楾顣
ʵҲûʲôһо֮СҶǳƶػش
ʵϣڹʮֵɻֳҶ͸¶ˣиֳһЩ֮Ҷо͸аգӲ˳ǣҪʲôġ
˳ܰ²ҶĿǹ˳ǣĽڣȻȨʱ˳Ƿѣǧѷĺûᡣ
Ҷʱ÷ǳˬ˴˿գɵʫһףǿպһӷߣ죬ǱҲ졣
ģ￴õӰԱ߶Ц
֣ô飬ôԶУסʡίԺĸǹ˳ǣȴ̲סˤ豭ҲûнԼͷŭѹ֡
ϰȥ߶Ļᣬֱ˰˳Ѷӹ˱͵˰Ĵǣ˳֪֮Ȼŭɶ
ʲôֻҪӳȥˣ˭ܰץϰȴǾԼúȷԼ쵼Ȼ飬ôˣΪ˶Ϊ㣿
ûô򵥣Ҳ²µ⡣˳ҡҡͷ
ˣ˵ʲôˣҲֻܰӲѡ
飬˳ǿúҶ˻꣬ûаʲô˼ֻǹ˳ںӶʡĵϺҲҶʲô
û뵽ϰȻ˺Ϳ¶ѶӸŪˣеѹ¶ó˵Ļô׵ȻѲ˸ϵ
Ȼ˵ǸףǶӣ鵱УΪݳֵģԶˣӵĿ϶εģ˵һпܸһݶѷɡ
ƽʱĻôһȷʵʲôΪ˱µ⣬˵ҲǷǳأͷô˶ˣֲ˱һˡ
ֻǲĲǱˣмίҶù˳ǱȽͷˣΪ˼ҶΪҶҵӵܣҶҲ˱ѹġ
һҶΪ¶Ļ˳ǻûʲôð취ΨһܹģƤرʾ֪ˣȻôҲܹӦĹȥԼӾͶˣԺںӶʡţҲܴܵӰ졣
ҶһëͷСӣǸʡίҪ쵼ϰǾù˳ЩηηβŲֽţһҲûеĺˡ
鲻ô򵥣Ҷд󱳾Ҹûʲô취˵ʡίɽǶҲ뷨ġ˳̾˿Ϊɲмҿ϶ʡί쵼صעĶƫƫʱ飬˵ⲻԱ𣿡
ץʵԵ⣬ҲܰôɣϰʵôЩΪٻǱȽģûʲôƷ
Щʲôãᵽ¶˳Ƕʱջˣһ˵ڶıӸˣн𣿣
˵ЩʲôôϰҲЩյطϽԲ߲ġ
һε鷳ˡ˳Լ
ôõĻᣬҶܲȡʲôģο滹жѾɽǡ


595 Ҫ
лɹʱѾؼˡ
ҶԿͻؼȥģ極ĸ죬һֻװ֥һֹѩѣ˵Ůڴϴġ
˵ҶǲŵģǹǵѩΪպͲϵȷԭȷʵζڣǹؿζǵ
սڼ䣬Ű͵ѩѿûûֻǮĻҲǺѸ㵽ġ
緢Ů楲׵ظҶЩµû֮⣬Ͽ˵־ھǵķزȦ棬ƵһָĴ
ͨҶĹϵԼŮ極İнӼãʽͨʽҲ൱ԣʹܹͬʱü¥̣ÿһ̣ܹۻ𱬣ÿ£пܽͻʮԪҡ
ЩеǵķزгпΪ֮⣬ͬʱҲ̵ʶҶжѹŮһֱôҲûʲôԹԡ
˵ҶҶȫģĻΪʽƲˡ
ҲҶһϰġƵһΰ顶µֵƣмеֶ
ҶЩǷǳϲģȻδؾôڣ鼴ʹֻǰڼţҲһĿ顣
ֲгȽϻ𱬣۸ǵúдҶ͸̽ⷽ飬ֲһǼۣʶŷǣͨͰ
顣ҶͷشžõķչزǸԵģΪزгչıGDPִȽϺÿ㣬Ҳյطչزгѭٽ֮£Һпܻγɵձߣìܷ仯
ʵϣǰʼزгѾ˲̧ͷļ󣬶Ϊŷ޻󣬴󲿷ֳָͣ߼ʸؿʼƣԹڵĴָ˴ģĻ
ضϴֳĿǴŷҲãǴձҲãݱؽ֮УôһҲ̼˵طõķչضڷ׷ϴĿ
ֲǼ۶ڷزгԣʲô飬ζſɱˣԴ˸еЩǡ
ȻزĿĻҲںӯ֮ڵģͻȻԭϷ֧϶ӯĿѹ
ⲻͬںķزǶʮĻزҪɱͲԭϷ棬Ӫɱһˣ˵˰ѸӵȵȣǴͷ
ôжϵĻزгĴŸոտʼҶĻ֮ȴǰһ
Ҳô˵δʮУزгһ顣Ҷͷͬڸⲻͬڵķزгո𲽣ȴǾ޴ģʮ˵ĸ󣬲Ƕʱ֮ھܹģгǱǳˡ
ЩԾԾԵӣҶ˵ھͲֳԶĻŶʮʱ䣬ԴһǳӴĲƸ
ʵϣͬҶȫʮ׸УоųɶǷز̣ɼҵȷʵһ顣
ʱӢۣ仰Ȼû˵̾һҲǸѣ뷨еֻҪƾԼ̺һȴû뵽ʱӻںͷء
ֻҪ˳ӦʱȻܹվڳϡҶ˵
˵ʲôأĵô𾢶楸һ𣬸ĸڳæ˰죬֮󣬾ͿҶĵûȣɵЦʵ
˵ҲǼҶүӵˣǱҶҸĬϵϱֻǲܹŵ˵ѣҲ֪¶ԼҶҲ͸Ůһġ
ʱдҶȻԼΪ¡أȥԲǲԣһž۵ζ͵ˡ
ϹءҶӦһȻͿ極壬СеƵӣЩʵСôһĲˣ˭ˣ
˾ЦϲСˣͻʲôģС巳ء
ϲǺ¶ɣҶЦôҲһ
壬Ҷĸо͸Сò࣬˵ϲˣҲûʲôرĸоֻǾСѾͷˣȻҲаĽˡ
ˡ˵
楽һ£Ҷ֪ԷͷһͷȣûʲôоҶôǳᷳԲŻһؾһԭ򣬾Ϊ˶㿪Էľ
Էʲô·Ҷʵ
ǻصĸ߼ְԱͦв֣ܵ飬Ҳö˵ʲô楻Ӧ
˸˽¶˾ȷʵò֣ΪȽϸӣһ˼ԺһԶô֮ǰС
ҲֻһЩ飬⻹ǵԼȥá
Ȼⷽ黹ǺܲϣڶԷôǳᷳ
ͬһ˾ͬµĻûһˡ
٣飬ʲô飿ؿҶʵԼϲˣӦôȥ
飬ǲýҶԭԸ˵ģֻǿгڴҲ˼֮űȽϽرʾֻһ˽˵Ĺ۵㣬ȷ
û¶˵ɣԹα߹·ࡣԴ˵Ƿǳڴ
ȿȡҶˣˮǺһۣȻ楾ЦЦؿȻǱ̨ʾ˵Ҷڸ鷽ľȷʵдһ̿ˣС嶼֪
ǰһ˵ദҪǣδʹ˼䷱ѲɣʹתľദҪǣͿ½¯̨ҶΪ彲ô䣬Ȼ˵ôȥԼúһ°ɡ
֮ЩãȻĸоֻϸϸҶ˵⼸仰
ҶĻȴһЩпҶܽ⼸仰ȷʵдԡ
楸Ҷʵ˶ԶǵһΣ֮ĸҲһЩҶҲȷʵǳΣ֮ǳĬҶ󲿷ֵʲŵ極£ȻǷǳصġ
楽Լĸ嶼ؽҶҶҲȷʵ楿˼ķûʲôõòġ
뵽Щ楲ɵóؿҶȴҶҲ˼ؿ˵Ŀжʱһ飬ɵһů
顭Ա߶ĥҶĻ䲻̧ͷͿҶ֮ɵý
СѾͷƻաҶһ۵
˺ˣԷˡ極ĸ˳Ц˵


596 
ĸײ;ǲҶ˲ԣͿ˰һӵķˣеĿģЩʽɫϳ˵Ĳ;ߡ
Ǻǣײ;߻ʮǰģҪ˵ǹƷҲࡣ極ĸЦ˵
ʱͻǮƵġײ;Ҳ̣ʱ׬˵һǮʱҲͷԷȣ飬㲮ĸһӡ
Ҷһ룬ʮǰͻǮôһײ;ߣȷʵǹݳ޵ģ˵ǰܼҲΪû뵽ǰ飬ʵЩ˹Ŀ࿴˼
㲻ײ;ûôóù楶ԴҲеЩԾ
˵滹иС¡͵ǰһӣһλͬѧʱ̫̫ȥã˵̫̫Ķʱ򣬷һ˿ʵΧȥŦԼʱһƵġһ¡ƯΧ߰ļ۸껹棬̫̫һֱ᲻ãһӲáͣסˣҲûӻһ˵ҲҪѺöرӲãŵÿһ춼رӡ
⻰еҶ֮󣬵˵ͷͬ
ǰÿ⼸仰ʱҳֱߵ·£һС˵죬ɳϣץסһЩԼʱ䣬شͺӱ߶ľɫȥܲϵĻҳһż˵ȥԷܼķ˸ôӦϧһ־飬ҪȥӡЩп˵
ҶΪȻʵǵ̫ˣ߻Ϊһָ
ÿ˻ϣһ漣ûбҪΪ˱˵ʹ࣬ԼҲʹ֮Уķʽк֣ܶϲԤ֧δδһֺõķ
ڵĴ󲿷ˣһΪˣΪŮææµµûΪԼǹʲô飬õһζӣȴ޷ȥܣһҲǺҡͷ
Ұ飬㲮ĸ֮ͲǰƯĲ;߷չʾˡЦ˵ǰҲΪײ;ҪرӲóãҲʶʲôֵø˵£ʲô£ھҪҪ
ˣдҶĸдȴ̵ģûʲôˣܹӵδʮˣܹһС
ϸһ룬ʵʵУܶ˶ӣѾһۣ˵ҪһᣬӵһѾĺӣʵʱһŨ⣬ȴǸԼ
ȵĳЩ鷢֮󣬲Ż֣ᷢԭԼѾ̫ࡣ
ʵÿ۾ʱҪԼرһ졣Ƕԣеÿһ죬ÿһӣɹġҶ˵
ǣԸܽôԱ߶ϾС֮ͱԹȻǵǰôζȣΪʲôҪЩķأ
ǺǣС˵öԣҸϽӰɡ˶ʱЦʳҲһ
Թ֮Ҷǡ
͵ſڣҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻҶӸ˹һִֻӱƹסȻݺݵס촽
ҶôͻȻϮ۾ȻûϵҶôƺеĸоҪ֪ӻں濴ء
һӣŪ楶еˣɫҲ޺Ѫ
ôͻȻôˣð迴˶Ϊ飿楶˶񣬲ֵ
ҲûʲôֻǸո˵Ĺ£ЩȷʵӦÿôࡣҶһЦʵһӣҪſʾȨˣֻǹ̫࣬ƤҲûô񣬽ȻˣôôˣûҪô˼
楶ʱû뵽׵һȻҶ˼ȸˡ
ȵҶӰʧ֮楲Żعٿſڵĸĸ׵ʱ򣬾ͷЦеضŮŪ߻ȥʱ򣬲Ťš
ӵлҶԼЩϳĸо
ôˣоеֵֹģлȻûиҶչΪҲˣʱ˵ҲҪȻöࡣ
ûɶܸղųԶˡҶԼĶӻش
ڼ䣬ҪԶ࣬ѶȡлȻû뵽ҶղǱ߶ֻЩпطԼ
ʵҲǹ˵ͨҶ˵־ǰӹñȽ϶࣬΢һˣȵøƸίʲôҲίԼĶӡ
ǰԴڼ䣬ΪԺסԺˣǲ١лشҹ֮ǰҽԺʮȾƹȣ¾ƾжĻߣⴿǳԺɵĲˡ
ﶼһģ߶أȶסԺ˾ԲֹٸҶǳ϶ػش
˸ո߳ͼлҴҵ˹
ȣ·¶ˡлȽһ³ٵԭȻЩεؿ˿òƹϵǳǢҶлܾԼĳִǶĵݡ
˵øҶҵĹӳϹϵǺһ׮ֻ뵽ǰһЩ⣬л滹еڡ
˸˵仰Զ˴˹
С㣬̫ˣûд
ҶлˣͼлüͷŤͷʱ򣬾ͷһ߸леܹһϲӡ
ܹ֮һʮȵĹ
ձӣҶʱЩȻ֪ǳʲôϷ
лˣҲе֪ʲôʱȻձ˴򽻵ˡ
˲֣ձ˵Ȼ޷ͬ˵Ტ۵ģ¹ͷ͸˻ʺһεĿס
лձӣֻǵ˵ͷдһ˵һ䣬СҰôﶼܿ㰡
ձӶʱͷǣһַǳŵı˵С㣬֮ԵְԭҲû뵽ڹľ㣬ⶼİţ
ձͶ̸̣Ͷ賧飬Ǻģ˸ӬһᡣлҶĶߣС͵
ŶͶ̰Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǿ϶ʲôöˡ
ǰԪĶ飬ӦòòˣʵҲϣͨ飬һݶȻʥеĻᣬһٳλãΪ壬ʡְλ
Ӧ˵뷨ǼõģֻǲͲôס
ҶʼΪֻϵӣ뷨ǻյġ
ϾпҶҵĵ̶ʲôԴҶƽͷأ
ձӼҶ楽ͷӶЩסˣЩؿҶߴﹾز֪˵Щʲô
С㣬̸һ̸Ͷʵ顣СҰЩ·ģ֪Ű칫µţлͷ


597 Է
СͻȻлṤϵ飬ŪлЩͷʹ
һǣȻΪ˼飬ò׸ָҶ⵱м棬Ҹ׸Ҷ֮ȽϺгȽͶȻҪһ±˴֮Ĺϵ
ϾڴлҽķչкôҶҶ֮ĹϵλҲкôлŻôæظǡ
û뵽ȻڻСҰѥ겻ɢزʵơ
ϵ飬ʱ̸˽ʱ䡣ҶһԺؽССҰи˻ȥ
лҶ棬Ҳ˵ʲôˣҲСҰУҶĳӡ
лСһۣ治ޱģ˵ʲô⻯ҲȾָ
ǰŵ뿪СҰеɫʱ÷ǳѿ
лķӦǳϵġ
ΪڵЩɲǣǾϣΪԼǧټƵҪĴͶʣֺľ޶ʽ׷Ķ
˵һ䲻ĻܶɲΪ£Щʣʹõֶο˵伫ƤģŮԸɲΪ¶ϴҲûС
û뵽ʥ֮󣬾лӲͲںմʽ̣¶ȷʵСҰЩ벻ס
ۿлǸϳˣСҰжͱǵǵ
ֱЩԱϹ֮СҰлûд״̬лָ
˸£ˣСҰ
СҰʲôôһȥʮҵŰ˹Щʵ
ϾСҰпŰӣЩŭɶؽղŵ齲һͨǲʶ̧٣
Ȼǲʶٰ̧ŰӾһ֮˵СҰձҲǶģʲԪСҰΪļ̳֮һĸȻ֪ϧǿɶ񰡣
ˣСҰжԴ˹ڻʱŰӾһôһ˵иǸеһ֮𷢲¶ôˣ
ܾǺƵ飬СҰпԷӦԼģϾСҰҵͶǹίκģԼվϷģлĶ̬ȸеΪŭ
֪½ЩԱǣµľǱϹСҰⷽ涯Խѹһ£֪ʱ򣬻ԹԾͷŰӾһЦŽ
ҪϾ˵òСҰ֮󣬶ʱ˷
ܿ죬Ͳͨһ绰ɫΪƵؽһͨһ֮ͱ˵ͷ˵绰
ɣҾ˵СҰҶԣ㲻ʲô⡣һһ̯
ϾĴܸɡСҰľһļͷǳرʾ
Ǿãһڴ½˼꣬߶ķǳϤܹ£Լ߶ĻԼ½̽һð֡
СҰȻƴ֣ҵڶ࣬Ǽ̳ҲԼһͬһļ̳ʮ˴֮ҲںǿľҪȡĲƲݶͱֳ㹻
½ľ÷չЩ⣬СҰǷǳ߶ķչģһ˴½гҪΪ忪гͬʱΪԼһЩƸ÷ʶ֮λ
ȻôıȻܵǹƥȥ£һ˲ţСҰǲŹġ
һСҰеĻҲȽϸˣڴ½˺ü겻٣СҰҶڴ½гӳ̶ȻԶԶСҰܹȫش½гĻ̺̻Լ޸С
СҰСҰұȽоļ̳ˣһҲԸһ𣬽һСҰгΪһõĻرǳ
ߣϾȥõľưɣǵŮŵǸɡСҰžһ˵
СҰ죬ȻСҰɫļ̳ˡһСҰеƨ˴żԱһ˻
̫ͦ㣬еС磬Ҳú䡣
лͬͰź˷ˣվڱ棬ӭҶĵ
ֵǲȫʮ״̬Ҷڳ棬վڱſڵлͬأЩдظл˵
ƽʱעضģʵʱ򻹽ӣùƵġлԱ߶ش
ֲˣҶ˵ͷ˵ѹлܹλصĴʦΪʦѧ˲ٱ£ԭΪлͬ߶
ˣҲԵ޹ʵؽλʦУõ޷󼰵Ļᡣ
лھǵıҲ൱ͷģŶ˵ԺӾңֲľ̻÷ǳãרŵ԰ʦ޼ҶۿȥͼԺĽĲ֣ݾŹԵķλõģǵõ˵ָ㡣
ͣԺ֮лһ˳ܵҶĳ߶˳ţȻлһҶ˽ȥ
лͬ˼ǰסҶ˵ҶǴݹ٣԰
лˣΪݸҲӦõġҶЦŻش
Źֵģ͸лͬصҲܾ£װһֻľĺ档
˽֮󣬺˼лͷֻľӣЩش澿װʲô
ɽεİл񿴵װĶ̲֮סЦ
Ҳˣϴθ㵽ٴⲻóҶԼҲеЦ
ʵ˶ԣʲôﶼȽ⣬ǶڳȻԹעΪˣлͬˣҲǹǮһˣȻûбҪʲôƽʱǮ򲻵ɽΣΪʵá
Ȼлͬؿװڻľɽ֮󣬾ϲüҶæЦлҶˣлл
ݶȻܺ˼ʵҶлĿУ֪лͬǰڹӴ֮󣬾֪϶ϲⶫʲô˱Ǹ⣿
ʲôлǰҺܶæⶼӦõġҶлһۣȻŶлͬ˵
˿֮леﲻסҶǣϴǴҴһЩûü̸Ǵлҵķչ򣬻ҶǶָ㡣
ʵô֮лҲе׹ˣлҿ϶ûиҶҽаʸģøҶϵͷһЩҶҵлҿҵܶ෢չ
ôżʲô˳극˵Ա߶лЩرʾ
ԶԣȳԷȳԷʳΪ죬ʲô鶼ȲϳԷҪлͬЦ˵Ůеĥζ
ʲôʱʼŮĸ֮Ҳ۷Ҷˣ


598 󻪼
ȻֳԷ˵ȻҪлͬغȻ˵ֻܵԣԲҪܵԣԲҪɲܵԣҲҪԭܵԣԸҪ֮ܶڹڵĴ󲿷ܵԵĶҪԣŷԭǺҲõˡ˵ԡ
лͬȻż룬ȴҶЩ˼
ϸһ룬лͬ˵Ҳû
кܴһˣ϶Ǳ²ؼ߸߹̬ȣһиԼ޹ص飬ҪΪˣŵĳЩطĶֲݻͷùǴˡ
ԭ򣬸лͬ˵йϵĮĸ֣ǵ´澽ȵҪ⡣
ȻԼᵱһ¶ôҲһ㳢һغ
лĻʡҶ˵ʳΪ죬ʵֻڳһεʵϰҲܹһ³Է飬ЩԱҪ黹кܶ࣬˵ǲǣлǣ
л񲻷Ҷһ£Ȼŵͷ˵ǰǧͷôͷʼȷʵأ˿ƺٺУʵλϣôɵģ˵ʲ̫ãֲܶ
ĻлЩ飬²ɣζһ˵ĳſڱһ
ʲôݣлͬʵ
˵ʵʵһ̰۲ܻ硣л
ݺܺðʲô׵ģл񲻽
׵Ǻ޴ˡлش
ļ˶ʱЦˣȻĳλԵԱˣãǺףǿԿϰնԱİϧһͰе˼Ťˡ
صԹܴ󰡣飿Ҷʵ
ط飬¶֮سǳջ֤£һҪĻָŸġл͵¶ԽԽƺܶ˶˵ˣƺרգҵûмƬֻǵ;˵ѡ
ںܶطԱǣ¶ȷʵе׶ŪõԹڣܶ鶼ҪϼиԤҶ۵ҲҪһ棬鷢öˣϰյάȨʶܹ˵б׵顣ĸڸӵĵ·Ͻǰеģʲô˳⣬ҪһЩ۵ġ
˵ȫһ߼ɲĿлʾ
ҶʱЦϸ˵ĸ߼ɲʡҲһ֮ңȻ̿ҪһЩʱҲܹȷǳһߵģֻһѡ
лҶйȥһֻзӸ˿Ȼ˵ϰ㲻˵ҪҶ̸̸󻪼ŵķչ𣿡
Ŷôһ¶лͬһ߶кҶзһ߶Ҷ˵󻪼ҲЩʽҪһȽ׵ͶΪ¶ͷأպҶǣԾϣҶǸıһ
̳ϵ飬ҲıеԾҶзЦ˵
ҶͱǫˣڽУһʥ޵еظ˹Ҽ¼Ҿ˵ܻеһҪɲֱ֣¿ɲͨԱõġлһ߶Ҷϵ׶
ʵϣԴҶϳ˿֮лʵ֮⣬ҲҶϸ˽⣬ͷҶϹȻһЩ߱ƣȻ׶ȴڹٳ̳涼ܹࡣ
л棬ͬʱҲеЩɥǾ;ɥ֮󣬵лҶĹϵɻãһȫµʶܹҶһлҵķչ϶öࡣ
ǰֲˣҶֻзˡлһ˵
ֻзù󰡡ҶʧЦ˵ݶˣҶҲûʲôʾǾʵҶԴ󻪼ŵô˽⣬֪ǵʽΣ
ѼŵҶǽܽܡлͬضԶ˵
ǡл˵ͷȻͽ󻪼ŵҶ˽ܡ
󻪼ʵóҵģǰʱʮУʵϾǸó׵ģ죬ʮеĶǣǸǮһܹóİͶǧ֮ޣȷʵƵǸɵй
лӦʮеһ֧ңշתڸĸ￪ֿ֮ʼع½óֻǴѾǰˡ
˵ڴ󻪼ŵҵҲ٣дͳó⣬Ҳװ𡢼ҵҵļӹлҶܵҼʽֱóжʮڣֱӿƵļʽаٶڣӿƵʽԴﵽİңˡ
Ҷ֮󣬲ǶлǼһȽ˽⣬˵ڵлңڹڣҲǾ޸֮ң߳·ӣ·ȥĻźܿͻᱻ˸˦ˡ
ڵȽϸӣ޸֮һ϶Ըͷ¶棬ڴ󲿷ּҵԸУҪһЩĲƸȷʵѣټϹ˴е͵ΪҪ˽ǵļҵ׶ڵ졣
ҲΪʲôŪ˹ȴǱɱ񣬶Ҿȷ̶ҲΪϣԭǹ˶㲻״Щ˸ű߼ʡ
лͬöӽлҵҶ˵׶Ҳ൱гˡ
ҼҵȽϼ򵥡лҶһֽۣ˵ҼûŮϰߣԼҲ϶԰֣ΪôԼŵִȨҴͶѡ
ҶЦЦû˵ʲô
л˼ֱ̫ԲˣǵҶΪлҵļҲⲻӶԸΪ󻪼ṩȰԼҵĲƲ˵˼˵Ҷб°øµĻһļҲǽҶҵļˡ
ʮڵʽ𣬼ֵʮڵļʲӦûǺİɣ
ʵҲˣҶԼϵʽ𣬿ʮģ˹Ǳ߶תõĻ߾ǼֵǧϵʲҲõĻֵ
ҶڿӦΪлҳﻮһµķչ֮·ʱлֻ
ãлλл̧ͷʵ
绰洫һӵžͿлɫܲÿŻͲҶ˵ʡĺʡΪʲôҪͶַ
У϶Сİ֡лмЩԱ¶ûЩƨȴٲˡ
ҶȻûȥӦЩǣҲԼʡģһֵ˵үүҪӼ㣬⼸춼ûʱɱ飡


599 
ҶȻûȥӦЩǣҲԼʡģһֵ˵үүҪӼ㣬⼸춼ûʱɱ飡
ҶĻле㶣˵ô˼ҽ֪ʲʣ
ҶĻȥ죬Ծѹˣ˭֪˼Һʡ᲻˸񣬵ʱڱϵԼ
û¶˵ĻȥˡҶһڣݾܾ˵һЩиүүӼ⿼ŴİţֵݽȥС
лˣɵÿ˸лͬһۡ
лͬҲЩԾû뵽ҶȻҶүӵĹҲˣһӵܿûݶ͵ġ
ڴӵܶԣ֣ҲãҲգ൱ţƵģǻ˼ʵˣһӵı飬ҶֱӾܹҶүģȷʵδš
ɴҲҶҶҵĵλȷ˿ɼ
ʡãҸսӵҶǬͬ־칫ҵ֪̻ͨμһ氲ţ飬ҪаİУʲô飬˵ɡлȵԼ߶˵һ顣
Ȼ绰ʱͳĬˡ
֮Ǳ߶˵ȻҶǬͬ־Ӽ㣬Ǵ°СлæˣҲǸѶھù˧һҪעͶ̸ùϵ
лʡģһעġл񲻶ɫػش
Ǿˡʡ˵绰
Ȼл߶һӻңʡȻʹ죬ҲûеȥҶүӵİǷʵ
Ϊٳˣл񲻻鿪ЦĻ׾ͿԸһϢƭ쵼仹漰쵼˵ļϢһлǰ;ǳ׻ٵ
ûҪʥǸĴڣʡ߶ĿޡҶл˵֮ʥҪеģڸɲ棬ʡ棬涼йͷҶǸʡʲôͷҲûЩʲôϵˡ飬ȫԵԷԴ
ԭˣû뵽㰲ŵôϸ¡л֮ŻȻ
֮ǰЩأΪʲôʥûжԸɲ֣
Ҫ֪Ȼ˵ǵίǣӦǹܸɲģʥе⣬ûȨԺҶιί֮ȫܹϼѻ𣬻ˢڸС
Ǻƫƫûô˵Щˡ
Ҷôһ˵лףĻףǺĻҶ϶ǲԹ۵ģȻ˵ȥ˺ӶʡҪ¶ҲǶ˵һ仰ѡ
κʱ򣬶ܹСЩӵǵҪСҶ͸Ӧá
ʥһִģô׽ˣĻҶһдڵıҪôҶӵ
л֮󣬺ǿҶۣ˵ֲҶߺӶʡϣҶұֳĬˣԭ滹Щŵ
ڲҶʥɲǰ£ҶǷ뿪Ĺϵˡ
οҶ뿪Ϊջɲĺô飬Ҷʲôƴǲأ
ô˵ȥʥҪΪܹ趫һˣлʵ
ֻһ档ҶʵͼıʥĿģΪ˳ΪҪľΪơ
ˣ˵Ѿӵƣк̨ڲίְľȱľǻ㹤ҪľһܹԻȻһµòڹǰĻᣬ˵ƽ̨
ʥɾһǳõƽ̨ƽ̨ԺȻرĳλԱ֡ȻΣһж˳¡
ȻˣҲһǰᣬǺܹסӣȷʥʲôӣҲҪóһС
Ժʥ֮󣬾Ϳʼձ˵ԽͶҴͼ޷ǾǾϣԼ
СҰձˣ֮һֺ̬ȣ޷Ǿǿ͸˺˵ļѣˣʲôȥɧлĸɲ̵ľЩ˵ίȫݡ
ҶȻӣлҲǵˣֱӸһܣ˭Ҳֲ˺ôȥ
Щɲޣ˼룬޵ߣƫƫЩȴŪζϰɺܴ˺ǻָҲĹ˺صӡνЩ˶ǻҶ˵ԴЩˣչĶԲܹЩ˻쵽쵼λȥ
ǵڹʶ𣿡лʵ
ڸ߲ڲĿҶش
Ŷһȥ֮󣬻Ҫʡϵ𣿡лʵ
ûҪ͵ˡҶȻ¶㣬үӵ绰
ǻһлЦ
Ҷүӵ飬ģ⣬Բһʡᣬȥƺʡŵð
˭ܹҶϾӵǿԴԼ˾аĵġ
Ҷл߶˵Ǳ߶лͬغлˣоид
ǰܾӵܺأҲû˼ҵôһʡĸʡֱӾ͸ȥˣõɻô
ÿ˶ܹҶүƵģΨҶô
ʶ֮лҸӾ͸Ӽᶨ˸Ҷһľġ
ֻҪлҶɽδ·ߵø˳ס
Ҫ֪ҶŶʮ꣬ѾôδļʮУӰԽԽӵеԴҲԽԽࡣ
ǻǶ໨ʱ䣬̸һ̸󻪼ŵͶʷɡҶ˵ûбҪΪ˼Сӣ˷ǵĿࡣ
Ҷ˵ǡлͬ̾Ц飬ǵҶǶൣ
ӦõġҶ˰֣ȻʵͶʷǰ󻪼Ƿйʲôǣ˵һ
󻪼ôĲţûһԶ滮ҶΪл֮ͬԻԼ޷ǾǿԼ߱Դѡ
Ҫ֪ڹ⣬Ͳһ棬Ƿܹùϵһ棬ܹõһϵĹԱصչˣչǱվ޵ġ
һ仰˵ܹ£ĹԱĵλԽߣϵԽУܹ̽ߵø߸ǿ֮ͺһˡ
лΪһ壬ڹڷչҲжˣûԼԴҲҶĵһ⡣
Ͼ֮򽻵ҶҪԷĵߣԼʵĻÿһʶпܵ¶ƵУԺǼΪġ
ⷽ飬ǻйһЩ뷨ġлͬعȻش


600 
Ҷͬл˳̸չƣ߶ĺʡµ绰֮ȴһЩ񶯵Բ״̬ϡ
ģǺܸ˵ӣƫƫΪСӵ¶ŪúʡЩ
ȫû뵽Ȼ˼֣淭˴
ԭΪôһĸɲӦǺ׵飬ȴû뵽˶ӣ棬ɵýһѪͷ
Ӹʡ֮ЩϵģҲܹϵЯζչУӵĵ绰֮󣬾ʹشӦ
Աɲôܹӵ˽ʱ䣿
Ϊһɲ仹ǸĸɲʡҲǱȽҪˣ˵ʲôطӦýǹġ
лھ棬ȻܾͶ̵Ļ̸󣬽һͶʾ֮⣬пܵͶʵʧܣȻǺܳǲֵᳫġ
Ժʡ̾ʹ˵绰ȥѵл
ȴû뵽ԷȻͰҶүҶǬ˳һӾͶס͡
¶֪Ҳ֪ܲҶǬҶүӣл˵ҪȺҶүټ
ʡһʡ֮ڹȻǺӰģǸҶүӷһСļˣʲôʸʲôӣȥҶүӱȸߵͣ
һһҲʼúʡелҶү֮ĹϵΣ
ѹл飬л֮ڣ䵽ҶүӵĶ棬ջʲôԤڵĺأ
뵽Щ󣬺ʡǷ飬һҲð
˰죬ҲǲҪ죬̲ס绰˻ȥСǸͱһѣ
ôô˵أǱ߶˵绰Щʵ
ղձ˸绰Թһͨл飬˵ǽʥͶ̵̬ȲϿңûкĳ󣬺еͷ
Լ֪Լ飬Ȼ˵лǸְ˼浳ίְ񣬼ķԱԼίζҪҪҪʥЩɲǣ϶Ҷϵʱͳͳлհ
ҪԸлȻδίǻͱҶŪûоˣҲܸһԸлȥҲֻʡ쵼棬ѹһѹл档
˺ʡλԨԴϼ
ôҲû뵽ƺʡȻ绰Թ顣
Ǹл񾿾ô¶ҶǬͬ־𣿡ʡǲطʵ
һ⻰ʱ;еˡ
лҶүҶǬܣһӾͰλߵĺʡˣĻôƵطԼ
Ĳû˵Ȼ˵лҶϵУȻܹߵͨҶҵĹϵ
ǾˡĻֻǺܲҡͷҵ绰ʱ˵ڵȺҶǬͬ־ټֱ˦Ӹңѵ˵ϹɣҪĻĵҲδ̫ˣ
ǻԵɺϰɣǲƭ쵼ġ⻰ʱɫҲһͣȻ˵лҶûйϵ
Ļһ㲻ƣлºִѹʱҶҸͲðˣƿز˵ġ
ֻܹʲôõ룬Ҳл񱳺˽ĻͲزסˡ
С˵㡣ҲϽˣҳܹ³һЩлҲԲ򵥣Զںûиƣ飬ҲΪǾ͸˵Ǻ¶ڼȵƶ飬пܾͻöԷ˿ӣǰ;ɲȶءԣΪ֮ɣ
ȵ˵绰֮󣬺ʱЩ
Ҳû뵽ҶҶл֧ȾȻôҪ֪ȫôĸɲܹҶүӽӼģûж٣ʱôһӼȻһܹٿص˵ġ
ҲƣлѾΪҶҵĺǱеĺĻһ㣬ҶүҲôͷ
ڱ仯ģλӻ治ҡͷ
Ȼ˵йϳһкܣǸȨҶȣʵ̫ˣεʧ󣬾ԵƵУҶ뿪֮лûʲôвˣȴû뵽ʵǡǡ෴
Ҳеģһε֮λʡҲһЩԺδؾͿΪͷˡ
Լˣ¶ǲת˺üҲ̾˿
ȻǹϿص˲ţֱŮĺѡˣǵȷʵܹҶᲢۣϾΪȱ˲ʵǰġ
˼ҶܹʥƾսҪʥж첻Ĳж󣬲˵Ҳó
ҶʱʥڷҶϵԣһ̶
ǺҲѡΪܴҴȥĻԻһٳЦ
ڻǵϺλԱĴֲ֧УĻԼʥĹɺѿչȥ
ۿձ˵ͶʾͿˣΪлĲϣ´²ȥôеȻҪ;زۣȽ˲źá
Ǻһ֮󣬾Ͳͨ˹ĵ绰
ãǺЦ˵
ã㲻Ҫؽ𣿡ӵ˺ĵ绰֮һЩ졣
֮ǰڵۺʱ򣬻ǱȽϿĵġ
Ȼ˵˵ǹϸϵģΪͲҲǹһԼѣûн뵽ʵʲ׶Ρ
ƺԺǰ;ǱȽϿõģҲȽϹ˵ĽӴԺÿһȥеʱ򻹻ͬѧһȥ
ԣں˻ǱȽģΨһȱǺȹ˽ʮ꣬һ⡣
Ҫ֪ʮĲ࣬ڹͨеĺܶϰˡ
ԭҪؽеģ߶Ͷ̣һҪ졣شҲãͶҲǳȥһɣڻڷźٵУöʱ䣬԰ΡǵĵͷҪϤˡ
Ҳá翼һ£ʹӦ˵Ҵһͬѧûɣ
ֻҪŮû⣬еһŲ迼ǡЦŻش
㣬ҾƫһеĹڵ绰кߵ
˵绰֮󣬺ͿʼĥΪסձˣͱչʾһԼǿʵȷ˵ϵ֧֣ôĳ֣ͿԳΪһܺõӡ
ȻǽƣȴҲǲѶΪ֮


601 Ϻ·
ҶлҸ̸ͦõģлڵҶҲ˱ȽпϵĽ顣
ҵػ죿лҶĻ֮󣬺ЩȻûоҵǿġ
ҵƺɣлͬضԴҲɡ
ҵ漰һ棬ͬʱҵͶʹģ޴һ˸治Ҳһ˽ʱѽҪԭ
Ҵӹڵ״ҵǰƺҲʡ
Ȼ˵꣬ΪزгķչڵĽĺ͸ֲڼͷǷܹȥֵȶģҲûж˸ڽһѺڹҶԷزߵĲϡ
ϾǷǳӴͶʣ߶˵ĻȻǲƸǾߴĻǸʧҲ൱صģ͵ڽлôµһҵ׶ȫˡ
лҸӶڹڵżʣǰͻ֮ʣù˲ܶ˽ԼྭӪҵ޳˳ȥ޷Ǿǵϵķ㣬һ¶ǿɲֻǮ飬ҪԴġ
Ҷ˵ֱͶʸҵػҵ͸е׼ˡ
ϾȻſСҵʱʹɣ˽ҵ룬Ƕ¹عҪҵʹҵǿúϵģܾôſ
ڵͬˡҶ˰ֵлҸеĹǣҲǽľʲôֻǸݾŷ޷棬Ϊ÷չѾ˻չڣԸĲڼ٣ΪҪŷ޵ĸҵҲ׷׿ʼѹüתǸձҵִԴѷȱ㣬ֻǴӺ⹺ʯҲв㡣ʸҵ׷׿ʼڴ½ѰҺ飬Ա㽫ƹתƵ߶
¶ҵжšлͬصͷʾСҰҵĶʽ磬ͶиֳȽϸȤ˵ҪͶʰԪǶʥܸͬȤ
иֳĩγɵģȻʱĹģֵһᣬȴҲǱȽʢĸֳʮʷǽ֮Ķ꽨跢չѾγһ֧Ƚۺĸɲְ顣
ʹڹЧձ»ص£иֳȻܹӯеľĹףʮһٷֵ㣬Ǿء
ҲΪˣе쵼ǶиֳĴһֱǷǳģͽӵиֳ쵼̰㱨Ϊ˴룬˵ǵеľܵش죬һֱǶЩȡ˳Ĭ̬ȡ
ǺӶʡԴʡձ˶иֳأ⣬ʥûʲôҵôձҲȤأѵ˵ҲƻʥͶʽһҸֳлԴ˵Щɡ
ձԴѷһֱںѰԴأ˹֪ģǮͶ繤еˡ
ҲǿʥĺͷˡҶЦŻش
ʥʺۻҶһͿ˵ģݵصڻϻؽ֮ں۵ĽѾչˡ
ʱʽѹԶ󣬵һζʱ䣬ҶзȱľʽⷽĽҲӿ˽̣ձȻ
ڵĺȽһЩҶ˵ձ˵ͼҲǱȽԵģʥĺͷõ֣ˮ۽ɹǾͿԽʯ˹˳ɱǱȽϵ͵ģʥѾɵ··ͨԺܷؽЩʯ˵һطӶʡҲԣʡҲԣ˵㡣
СӵҰĲСͼҪסǵʺл֮ͬ󣬶ʱӦɵŭ
лǰսڼǣǳսĲձȻûʲôӡ󣬴ʱҶôһͣŷСǰػģɵøŭ
ʵ޹ӾҲһ塣Ҷ̾൱ģܻﵽͶʵļʮٱҵȻԸȥƶˡʵҲҪںͶʼɽʲôģڿôԺ֪ˣԴҵԴҵʼҪӵġ
лҸҶĻ󣬲ŷСȷʵСȻᣬ˼ά֮ԾĿ֮ȷʵ˵ǰͷѹ˼ܹĹԱûһӳĸоǽɫ˹Ŀ࿴
ôСҰҵĲһ廯ģиֳͽʥһؾͰֹϵȻܹóǵҰģƫƫΪսôҿˡл˵ˣӦҲܹóǶԺⷽҰġ
ڴ󻪼ŽػҵҶʲô飿лͬشʱٻҶ뷨⣬̵
ȴӿƿɽʼɡҶлͬ˵֪ձҲ԰޵ĿɽȽϸȤ˭ܹѶԷĿɽ
¶úúõسﻮһ¡л̱ͬʾǱ߶ɽҪǿסӢ˵ģһʵݣܻԽĲһЩ
Ҷ˵ͷΪлͬ˵û
ڸ۵عԽԽӢ˶ڴ½˵ĸоҲԽԽˡ
˵ͶǴ½˵ĻǱ߶ҪۣǲӴлͬص뷨Ǻмصġ
ձ˵Ķ̰壬ʼƲȥһżҶ˵ܹɹտɽĻҲãȥҲգܹȵڲ֮ء
ôһɾǶСӵĺ·ˡлͬЦ
Ҳô˵޷ǾΪ׬ǮΪǹӾԴֻҪǮһǵġҶҲЦ˵
ᵽ߶飬ҶҲҪһЩţȷ˵ʽ⣬ҪóչɽģлҲǸҵʽͶ룬ȻǲģҶҲͶһҵʽȥίлҴΪˣ⵹ǱȽʡ¶
⿿һ˵Ȼô飬Ǵлȴһ壬ǵļ룬ͱü򵥶ˡ
ƫƫҶ߶гԣʽ˫˵һļϣͶȫͬʱչ
Ǳ߶ûн֮ǰл߶õСӣѹˡ
ϾȻҶ˳ۣûԶֻ٣ʥδձ˵ʽȻҪͶҲûо֮ĵǶиֳԣʵͶ룬ֻһ¶
ǶڷŻҵṹԣСӶøһЩ
ֻҲһǰᣬǶиֳĹֵ̫ˣʡñǰѹʲˡ
Ҷ뵽Щ⣬;ԼҲûȥˡ


602 Ҷʹ
ǸʲôСҰеģҪǸɧ㣬ֱӴӳǣлҶͳʱҶ͸˵
ðɣô˵Ͷ̡леԥرʾǴ˳ȥӰ϶Ǻܻġ
Ҷ⻰϶ܲ׶쳯ų֮־̵ܶģԶֺֻкóԺúȵдôܹ˼ҵ
˵ˣǸɲݣôĻƺ̾ҵˣǶôõĻ᣿
Ȼ˵ҶΪɽлԲЩˣԼ⣬ôʱҪô죿л񲢲ó˴ӣܹʲô硣
˵ܵĻһٸСҰйҲлĶ֡
ֻЩ飬϶ܼ򵥵ȭͷġ
ҵȻẦ㡭ҶлһĽʱЦֻҪʲô飿ʵСձǵĶȤǹؼڣһˣҲ߶Ķֵġձ˷ǳʵʣ֪ʲôҪģ֮ʲôģǵиûκ塣
˼˵Ҳ״򣿡лʵ
ǺǣСӾôԽԽ㣬ҪһˣͲˡҶЦ˵ϧܶ˿һ㣬Ҫ˼ҵүүţǾԼŰԹñˡ
лˣԵͷ
ʵҶ˵ĻҲûڹص㷢չã۸ɲûı׼ҲڲˣǿǷܹΪشGDPȻᾭõķչϰˮƽߣͬʱҲ˺ܶı׶ˣȷ˵̰⣬ȷ˵Ⱥϵʼ𽥵Įչȵȡ
Ҫһ㣬ǵطԱΪԼܹǨֻGDP棬˵طĶ񻯣ͬʱҲʧȥϰյΣ˼ΪĸӰ졣
ֶƽʱ˵ƺһĲֵڹؼʱɾͲͬˡ
ǰ˺ܶѪúܶ󣬺пܾһҹ֮ˣֺһ쵼˶Ը⿴ġ
չùȻҪԭطӭʱͼҲǴġҶȷָ⣬ԾͷëСֻǱ£ĿҪúѣҪʲôֵ
ܸӵ߼Һˣֺûл˼úŻش
ɡҶЦ
˳֮󣬿ɫ磬;Ҹطһ£ѡѡȥһҽˮƾӵĲݣ˼裬Ȼȥ˸һҿְɡ
߶Ǿưɺ͵Ļ壬΢ֿһЩܷ㡣
ŮŮĻǺܶ࣬ůҲú㣬ŤŤȥȻڹñȽƤ
Ҷл˻Ⱥһ裬һ½ǣȻȾơ
ȥˮղźȲȶˡҶл˵һȻȥ䡣
·һʱҶͿһŮӷǳ죬ϸһ£ԭǹϵŮ磬һɫ޷Ǳůܷǳõĺɫ㣬ȥηǳãڸԱ߶ĴۺɫƤµĶ̷Ů˵
ʮǸɲ𣿡̷Ůʵ
ǰӦǱȽģүү˵ϾͿˡ
ʮɲȫҲûаɣ̷ŮЩ̾
еģֻ㲻֪ˣܶࡣ˵
Ȼүүôõδ򣬻ʲôأ̷ŮЩɵʵ
ҲֻҸ˲ʮ꣬оֵֹģûµָо
Ҷûк˼ȥǰ߹ȥȴĥ֮ĹϵúλȻȽϳ
ҵ䣬ͳСˮ;ðһˮһȻͬƺ֮ˮ಻
˸£˵½Сܶ࣬ϳˣΪʲôһ磬Ҳûҵأһ˹ǱˣǸСҰС
СҰСһ㶼ϳûģڻʱ䡣СҰ߶ģȻǸڴ½ǳ˽ľһ
᣿СҰ֮Ȼܲ⡣
飬ںͷء
ҶͻȻһתСһҶҺͬˮһ㶶˳ȥԱ߶СҰк;һһͷһ
˸£Сͬʱŭˣɵƿڴ
Ҷ˶С񣬺ǿĵؿҺСҰк;һЦ˵˼еϻ𡣡
СҰɫ࣬ӽЩǵҺˣ˻һͳ˹
Ҷһ˻ȥȻûöȴǽСҰиߵ˵ϣһĽų졣
СҰһ״򲻹ҶҲȥǰۣ͸ϽȥСҰΨʲô⡣
ô˵СҰҲСҰҵļ̳֮һǼһͨʡ󳼣Ժ᲻Ҳ˵һСǵüͽᡣ
һСҰг¶ǵϵĸˣҲѲ˸ϵ
ߣϡҶǲм˳ȥ
߻ʱ򣬾ڸλ̷Ů˵飬˵ҪʮӲܹ˵Ͷ̿ѾˣҰŽӴһ¡
Ҳ˵ܿġ̷Ů۵
˭֪أӴ飬Ҳûüͷʾ
Ҳ֪϶ǺԼ˹ӴСӡ
ֻǿӹСӲûм棬ƫƫԼϾʱԾͱȽãȻˡ
ҶһϼƣȻ⡣
ߵһһŴ󳮣Ȼֹ˼䣬ָָǱ߶ָָǱ߶ĹͶ̷Ůӡ
ģȻӹҶݹȥĳƱȻЩŵġ
Ȼˣû¶Դżбˣƭ𣿡Ҷһػش
ǷǮԼĿڴ棬Ȼͳķ˹ȥ
ҶٺһЦȻ߻лǱ߶
ôһлЩؿҶʵ
ûаɣôֱˣôܸϵһ϶ĴҶԴ˱ʾ˼̬ͬȡ
ǸоеֵֹġлЩɵؿҶȻǲĻ
߶˻塢ӵӣǱ߶µ
å
Сӣ
ʲô飿лҶƷƣôһѾһƣɫҲһ΢΢ĺΣȥ͸ǳÿ
һȻ⣬лøҶһĸоҲܲ
ŶǱ߶ˣå˳ͻҶһ۹ȥͿ˱ΧΧһСӣСҰк;һȻһ޹˵
ˣåлˣжʱͷ޾Щˣåˣ


603 ڹ
лһۣһ¾վ
ֽٰ꣬ûִ磬˴ˡҶϽסȰ
˵ʵڻСӣ㲻ʲô飬ڿлеȸˣһղסֽţ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
˵ģҶȻ󣬿Ҫ˵ڰ˸ˣûʲôĽͣοû취Ӧֵġ
˵ˣСᣬҲˣһ漰ˣһ鷳飬ʱ⽻ףͲôѹġ
ҡлһڣҪҶƿ
е⣬־ȻûܹҶƿ治ɵóԾҶһֹۣʲôʱ򣬱ôˣ
ҵȶˡҶЦ
лȷǺȶˡ
ҶΪľأû뵽ź˲еŲסˣʵҶеЩ⡣
ˣҲ֣ȥаɡл˵
ǵǿԵġҶлļ˹ȥ
߶Ѿ͵ΧˣǺòײżǰš
ֻǸ̷ŮһŭصСҰк;һСҰк;һ˶Ǳ쳣·ҲˣҲˣϻмѪӡӣҲ֪˭˭ץġ
Χ˳ǵ·¶û¶ʹȭ۵СֱС
ô¶
ˡ
ڶϣ˺һ˹ȴû뵽߶飬СӱèۣȥǱĺܡ
ڿСҰк;һŵģǱˣǹŮʱ򣬺ʱͷˣҲʲôͻǰĹ棿
ɣˡСҰп֣ᶼˡ
⵽ôˣűͷһСӣһƬҡ
һΣСҰҵͶòͨĹϵģСҰСҰҵļ̳֮һһȻֻͨˣȴھǴ˶꣬ĹϵҲһЩģ¶úòʰˡ
磬ʶǣȴҲãС˵֮󣬾Щ
ΪӴͶ̡ش
ʲôͶ̣ǴɫǣǸͷŮ̾Ͳط
˶ʱһ㶣žͿĹ磬ϴİɫ޷棬ӡںڵӡȻǱռ˱ˡ
ٿ˷׷Ǵձ˵뵽һΪѪڣȻϣȥˣ
ȻСһӵԹҲȽϾᣬϾһͶʻҪ̸ȥģҲΪ类СӸѣͰϰԪͶʸ֮⡣
Ļʲôߣ
ڵ֮ҪȻٰĻ¶ɾûа취ճˡ
Ȼ˵ǹ˿ưոݣǹϾǹ˼ҵŮܸСӾʲôĻʧǵݣԺõʱԼ˵ûһڵƣӦа˵ŹСӵġ
СҰк;һԣȱסڵ棬ʲôҪǿ϶ҲԸôΧ۲Ź
뵽ȰƽϢ
ˣåɳˣ
ʱ򣬾˵Ǻܴ󣬿Ǵȴú
ɳ
Ӧ˻ͦģΧ׷׽š
ʵ꣬ڸձĹϵǿԵģϢϲǳͨԴҶձ˵˽⣬ҲͽýܹЩݣעձĵƷǱ˽Ⲣ㡣
ǲô˵ڴҵǱʶУձ˻ڿսӰƬгֵ󣬿Ÿҩ͵׵Сܲͷ
ͻȻձ˾ȻϷŮҵȻҪȺ֮ŤɳҲĺܡ
壬Ŀˣе仯ֻôһȻŤͷղŷĵط˹ȥ
ղŵƺеϤ
ôһͿҶлˣɵðԳһ
Ͷģһ˾;л񣬱˦ӻҪͷѺ˺ʡѵл񣬽˼ֱӰҶǬŪúûӣԹ˰죬Ȼ˵¶׶
Ͷڴ֮ͥǳ鷳ƫƫǹ磬¶Ǹˡ
ͷʹģҶлĳ֣ʹøѴܹ˹磬ҶлλԲؽ׮ס
Ƕԣ֣ӦǺܿĵ顣
Ա߶ĹѾܲˣȫû뵽Ͷ̣ȻֵС
ߡһŮȺмȥˡ
Ȼܵڲ̨ҲԲٸνͶ棬߶飬ǲˡ
û뵽Ƣô󣬶ʱҲе㶡
֪ʲô˱˾ɳľѾˣȺȰɢˣȻʵеļˣô¶˭ľ
СӵϷŮкԱ߶ָָ
һָصձˣһʱ֮ҲЩͷǣˣɳ˵ôܹãһʲô⣬ҪҴʹݳġ
˵ˣ˵ĳλȻûĳЩǿˡ
ٿСӣȻѾ˴˴ñףҪǸ״ʹݵĻٲһѲĿϵ⽻Ǳ߶ָػɾ
Ůأ쿴˿ΧǴүǶƺûʲôǱʵ
ո뿪ˡ˻ش
Ҫһʵʱ򣬾еһձ˺ղ棬򣡡
˶ʱһ㶣ȻͿСҰŭڵָͷָҶһıߣ˼һ
һ۾һȭʱСҰôһ˵ҲҶʱҲŭ
Ӵ黹ǰаˣʱˡ
ΧҲ⣬Ҷı鶼еȣ˵Ȼ鰡
үǶţ泯Сˣ
лҲһĴ㵣˵Ҷûôİɣô飿
Ҷ˵߶еԼϣǺνʼ磬ĵػشڹУһСһת¶ʵҵģû¶󺰴У˵ʲôҪС㣬ģһŧˮҸղŻ룬ǲǰѸոλŮӵСɧˣ
ܣˣȻŭ
ԣԣС㣡Сͬ


604 ֶ
Ҫˣ
֪Ҷ׼û¶Ҳû뵽ǳôǷ
ձ˱С¶ҶСҰһҲǴ¶ЩȻ˻ȥǹ类˵С㣬ȷʵúеǳŭ
϶ǷǳصģҲѡΪŮĺѡˣȻֻδ޵壬ǹȷʵǰԼֵġ
Ϊ飬ίҪϽ
ձ˱ϾͨϵģôҲҪ㵽ͷϵġ
ǲܹƽ飬֮Ҫ϶ģʱʲôʣ͸ˡ
뵽Щ⣬һʱ֮Ҳͷ綷
ֻСȸŪߣص֮˵
ŶǾΪСɵľˡһԼĳ¼ϣд䡣
ǣ
ǣ
СӺͺͬʱǷŭôܹ˰ѹ統С㣿¶˹ϵĶ棬˼ҸŹ֣
˵СӣǽĿתҶһ֮δ̣֮
£ӵһüͷЩ鷳û¶֪ңô¶˭˵һ£
Ա߶˿ˣͦ٣Ŀߣ
ţ˵˵쿴˿ʮңȻӦǸ˵׶ģͷӦˡ
ղλϡһָԱ߶ĿʼʱСӾͼ͵˹˼С·ţֿͣ˼СﵱȻˣһ⣬ȻͺȻ󣬴Ҿ͹ˣ֣Ǿͱ⸱ˣ
Сأѯʵ
ߵˡ˻ش
𣿡Χѯʵ
ӡ
û
Ҳ֤˵ʵ顣
Χ۵˷׷׵ͷӦǣþ̾ȷʵ࣬˵ãСԼҲǵ˼С߽ѵһ١
˵¶ȫСϵġ
Сӱ⸱У϶ҲԸǸȥĻһ鷳
飬ôˣСҰŭָҶ˵
ҪզҲûʲôûѵ˵
󣬽ӣǵĵ̶Ұ
ҶСͳ
Ϊʲô
Ա¡
Ҷ߶û˵أΧĹǾص٩ˡ
СҰеɫһһ׵ģ治ôΧôˣһôĻ˵ǳʲô鷳
ҲôˡԱ߶ľһ˵
ҶһȷȷʵСҰк;һ֮һ£ͶҶ˵ĺ˵˼ˣҿһ·ˡ
ûҶͷӦˡ
ǸǵǸСҰмҶòˣ̾ͽ
ô߰С´ȥҶָСҰ
٣вǣһһ߶е
ס죡һС˵ôթǵҲˡ
ȻֶҶ˵Ҳ˵䣬ûҪһʶ
ҶһǮмǧӣݸ˾죬Ҹǣ¶ˡǵϷŮ飬ҶˣôҲø˵ɣ
¶ġǮ˹ȥȻСӡ
Ҷлˣһ߶ЩԾ˵Ҷô˵ˣôˣ
Ҳ¶ˣͰСţ߶ȥˡ
һ·Ȼ˶ָָģȻûʲôûҰ˺顣
Ҷл֮лľƾɢòˡ
ôô˵ˣлԹ
ôˣҶЦŷʵ
ûʰСӣǮǣⲻǵлЩ˵˵
лҶƽʱͦյģ첻֪ôˣȫҶԸ
ҵǮôõġҶЦһµ͵ǵĸѰɡ
ѣлһ㶣Ҷ˵ʲôֻʱҶʲô˵ˡ
òװСҰк;һŪȥͻ˾Ƶ꣬Ȼҹϵ߶ɨβôһھæ˴ҹȵؼסº󣬾Ѿ賿ˡ
һ˯ûڵصģȴǷҡ
ҶӰʼұģһΣյֱ
ҶͲʲô¶ǺǱʶ
塭
绰̶˺ĺΡ
ԭ绰Ҫ˯һκ绰ͣ޵ѵ绰߸ˡ
֮󣬾иŭ˹ֽô¶
ϡʱѹˣһӴӱ˳
ڣ滹һŶңҲ֪Ϊʲô飬ͻȻ˵绰ŹϷйһӺ󣬵绰űæ
ôˣ˼Ҫ졣
Ͻ·ȥܵ˱̯ϣͿ˼ݶıֽ棬ĿĴ⣬ʱͫ
ѹֹϻܻش绰ʵǱֽдЩ̫ˡ
ȻֱֽдıⶼЩͬǴ϶һ˵ʥĳλҪ쵼ΪֺձˣȻԼŮȥͣ˵Ϸȵȣ쵼º󲻵ûΪŮѳͷǧټƵΪձ˲ƨƺ
ɶ񣡾˭ңһѪͱ
ôҲû뵽ֽϾȻݡ
ھǰֽķôĹºܿͱɴҲ෹Цˡ
Ȼ˵ֽϲûָգҶԺĻҲѽ¼˹ԭʥûٰ쵼¶ˡ
ʲôƨίΣԭŮѵ׻İ
úеѪģǹϾȻ֪飬Ǻã
ѵܹ˵¶˼ҥҪ֪¶ڴ֮ͥ·ģҲܽϸɺƭȥǹΣҲܹҵġ
ѵ˵ʥֻҶת𣿣Щݵ
鷢֮󣬺һĿ꣬Ҷ
ƳҶҲûбܹһҹ֮ͷô౨СҰе
Ҷҵ˭ܹϵͳô˳أ
ʱе߷ߣ̫СҶǮ⳥֮ԭΪѾȴû뵽˼Ҷĺֲ
ҶСӣҸƲŭѼ̲סԼһ̩ˡ


605 Ȼҵ绰
Ϻһ
ѾôˣԼĻƢĥòˣӦÿЦƾ棬䣬ǽŷлԾܹѹסġ
ʱ򣬹ëʺֽ
ĳϱץд¼֣һŨصīֻǳī֮⣬һŨŨĻҩȴ˶ܹоó
ΪԳҲҪʲôͨϾŶ롣
󣬾Ϳ˹дֽϵĶġ̡֡
˵дֵʱӦƽͣɢе̻ԼƽȻпָܽдƽƽƽ͡
ڹд̡֣еͬһһ̸ͬ䣬мʼֱҪɳֽȥˣһַĸо
˭ˣ⸱ֵˣʱܺá
˳䲻ʿֵڹϵ鷿˲豭ҲȣֱӾͺһڣȻ˹˵
ʲô˳ģϺһеëϣݵ˵һû¶ŹʣŸĴÿдд֣飬ܱӣʲô˳ģ
ֻЦ˳Ļдʲô֣
ֲ𣿡Ϻһ
ë֮󣬹ϾԱ߶ϴϴ֣ë֮󣬺СĵĨЩͣ
ϵıֽ𣿡ʵ
šϵ˵ͷһ¶ŭʱͷˣɳķ֣ǳرʾҿڶĳЩýĹƣ̫ˣʲôдҵǣҪǷǰصδҪԴģ
ѹô壬Ůֽ˵ʲôСռ˱˵Ļ˭϶ܲˣҪǻٳһģֱӾʹȥ˱硣
ڱϿܻ˼һӰ죬ЩһﵱУмʡ͵ĵƣұ˵ĲǣǾѾ˸㣬ллˡ
ҲͬȻҪϸùϵڴǴ棬ԼĿģҲ㸽ͱˣֲεˣһ㶼ȽִţżһЩķ֮ǻݣĸﵽڣʵףôҲ߻ԭ·ǵλϣʲôȫпԣ
ôһ˵ϵҲûٷʲôֻǵ˵ͷ
ǶǴǸˣûٳԿͷȻ֪ЩԲٷ
ýȷʵеˣûԼô˵ǹﵽɲãֱʾҾϣûоΡ
˼ǣʵ
ܵñʾһ°ɡ˵
ˣЩ
Ǳ߶ҶҵӰȽϴ󣬵ڵĲȴǽͬ־ˣԹȻôҲҪһ¸Ӱ⣬ҪֳЧֲǵĴҶˣǱȽѰյġ
˵ʱҶСҲڳϲ˵һ䡣
㻳Ҷ飿ϳ
Ȼ˽⵽У˵ǺҶл񣬵һʱ֮䲢ûнǽȥ
µ򣬻СӵϷŮģܲҶĶСȥİɣңݹ˽ģҶлСӣ֮ǰոͻôܻ쵽һ
ںĶԹԣǰڲίʱ򣬹ϾúΪ˱ȽϳȣǸµĲϣԶ෽ڶΪŮѡ˴θǲطҶΪ˵ʥĹίΣɡ
û뵽֮󣬲ûʲôɼǴţʹ򲻿棬ŴձͶҲ̸
ǹʼδġ
ҲеˣѵΪԼۻ軨Ѿ׼ˣ
ҶСӲʡ͵ĵƣڱ뿪ʥ飬δؾܹԹ˵Һǻɣйأûʲôܹô׾͵ýġ
֮⣬ˣҶҶӰܴôҶȻҲܹⲿԴʲôĻý϶Ҫǵ˼¶ġ
ܹһҹ֮Ͱźð棬͹ͬձ֮عҪŰõ
ϸһĻҲͺ֮ˡ
ȥҽͬ־Ҫָ˵ġһĥȻҶһε鵱Укܴɣʱŭˣ˵
˵ͷֶ輸ϵĲ豭һڡ
Ȼ˵ˮѾˣǳȻȵĺģܹҶңҶСܵѵȼʲô
֪ϳ¼ҸҶ֮ԹģͻȻĳָҶεĻ϶ǲ׵ģϾԭ򣬾ΪҶҵĶʧˣôĳ˰˽Թϡ
ǹϾͲͬˣȥѾܾãʸҲϣȫ
ҶڶѾ׼뿪ǣصȥͽӵһ绰
Ҷͬ־𣿡
ңλҶЩƶΪԷ͸¶һ־þλߵϢǸɲ
̷ʤͬ־칫ҵ壬мҪһ£̹绰˵
˰ɣҶһֱֻ֮ӾͰѵ绰ˡ
ݣ̷ʤҪҲԸ绰Уð칫ҵ˶ߺģҶôܸӣ
ôһҲҪǰѶ˸ˡ
Ȼҵ绰ȻؿŰ칫ͬ£Ȼ
˭ôţưͬЩʵ
ӶʡһɲемίҶЩ߷ߵػش
˵ǵȻʵǾǻ̫࣬ӵܸ࣬йӴҷǳ˽ˣĻҪ֪ҶʲôҲô׵ģϾҶֻǴһȦ棬Сǲġ
ֻǰ칫˶ܾȣҪ̷֪ʤͬʱ֮ȻаְĴܼңȨǺصģĳһҲԵǽͬ־ĵϵ
ôһ̷ʤͬ־칫ҵЩɲǣҲˮǴߣλǲͬˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ˲ǵӣǵĻᣬǳţؿǵĵ绰
λʲôﰡ
̷԰񡭡Щԥ˵ô죿
ʾһ̷ΰɣеаŶ̷ε𣿡ͬҲеƼطʵ
Σֻø̷ʤδ˵绰㱨˹ȥ


606 ˭ã
˵ĵ绰̷ʤܵǺĵĻ㱨
ǵģ̷Ρǳߵػشû˵꣬͹˵绰̬ʵ̫ˣ
Ҳû˵صĻΪԼ쵼ⷽǺܿصģ˭ӣ˭ӣֵҶôҪбѹ׼
쵼ķӦƺҲе̷֣ʤֻʱһ֮󣬲ŵرʾţ֪ˣ㲻ùˡ
ȹ˵绰֮žζЩԾ
쵼ô˵칫ͬЩʵ
쵼˵鲻ҹˡͷ㲻쵼ʵͼʲô
⻰ѵ쵼ˣͬºȻ²⵽һܲõĽۣɵЩͬؿ塣
ڰɣһ绰˾𣿡һ٣ȻЩﲻ̤ʵͬ˵ĻƺҲһĵ
һ룬Լ쵼ҲЩͷˣͿͶУôҲΪôһС¶ͱ߿ɣ
˵̷ʤͬ־ݲͬˣֵЩ¾¶ҪģЩһʼĹΪĹԱܲ˵Ͷɣ
֮ܶΪ飬һ졣
̷ʤܽӵĻ㱨֮°ĥһ¡
Ҷܸѿģ̷ʤܾ;ã¶϶ֵ˰òʣҶٲźˡ
ֵЩˣ̷ʤܻǱȽ˽ģϾڵݲͬˣ˵һӾͽȨģϽķΧ˺ܶ࣬˽⵽ҲḻµҲձЩˡ
ǲõģ̷ʤܾбҪʵʱ򣬽һɵ⣬ĻȥԱǿ϶Ƚϴ鷳
λϣ˵Ƿǳеģһһ˶ţǧⲻá
ʱʲôӵĻҪƺͺܲˡ
飬治ʲô¶ֻǹϸ״浽˽ͬ־Ǳ߶ڽͬ־¶죬̷ʤܿ϶ҪһЩġ
Ĳ˵Ȼûзǳȷָ¶Ҷģм䣬Լָȴ˼ҲҶƺĻôý涼ǹڹŮձ˵أʥĳ쵼˵ˡ
Ȼֽȥʵһ֪
ιҶа̷ʤ̷ܰʤץϵĵ绰Ҷ˹ȥ
̷ãһɺãҶѾ̷ֵʤܣ̬ȴǷǳġ
˼ҲǸ쵼ˣаĵˣòء
ң̷ʤȻЩΪȻҲûйȥûʲôôƽ׵ذƵǱ߶
ˣе˽һ¡̷ʤЦ˵
ԣƢ˺ܶ࣬һڵλϣƺ̬Ҳƽ˺ܶ࣬ϾǸ쵼ˣȽϿǰģڸԳ˵̬СǼʲôģδ˿ˡ
мڴˣ̷ʤڶҶʱҲǺɫƽ͡
ν壬˵ľ
¶ҶСֹһ䣬Ȼ͸̷ʤ˵̷˼ղŽ˸绰˵аģҿʶΪƭӴģǲ˼
ˣҲʲô¶̷ʤֹĻûʲô壬ĵǼ龿ô¶
ϾһĸɲΪֺձˣȻŮ飬ֽͱȷʵȽģ˰
Ҳѹ̷ֹʤܿ˱ֽҲġ
ҪģǹںŮѹ¶̷ʤ˵ôָձ˸ˣֽôһ߶ز󻯵̬飿
˲˵̷ʤҶȦҲûʲô˼˽Ϊá
̷ʵôֱӣҲʵʵ˵ˣʡ˷ʱ䡣ҶҲû˷ѿ̷࣬ʤܶȦӡ
á̷ʤܵͷʾ
ҶͰѵʱ򵥵ؽһ¡
̷ʤЩ㶣û뵽Ȼôɵ顣
СҰжл˼Ҷﰤ˄wҶϲȻСҰһȻŮѹӴһСҰǣȴԷ̨С㣬СҰǵϷŮȴֱ˵åΧŹ
СʲôУ̷Ҳ֪ġҶȻ˵εŮѳñȽϿףҲûô鷳ˡ
˵̷ʤЦ˼ҹʲôϵ
ֽҡͷ˵ձȷʵȽ˶ģôͶ̣
֮⣬̷ʤܶںǲΪȻ
ǰ˵϶ںǳأҶĻ;˶ѣҲ֪ϵôģ
ýô¶˼ҿǻġ̷ʤʵ
ôܣҶԴ˵ʸڷϣʲôô˲飬ǲϸɵġ˵ˣҰȻһӣеӰҲôҸɣ
ðɣǾˡ̷ʤܵҲΪҶôͺ˼ϾҶ飬ϸһ飬ܹ˿ģҶҲûбҪ˵ٻ˵ҵ˽ͬ־״ǴΪ˽ģһѵĽȥ
Ҷ˾ü˵˼һҲͶ̷Դ١
ãټ̷ʤܹ˵绰ҲȥҶԹϵ䳰ȷ
Ҷ˵绰֮󣬾Ϳʼĥ
ڱֽ¶治ֽţڿȻʺӿҪ۵ͷˣδҶеЩջ
˵ҶҪ鲢ѣ¶ûʲôô˵˲ҿܻΣ
Ͼʱֳ֣֮ĹϵҲ֪һ𣬰˭˭εʽȻỳҶֽš
ƫƫˣ˵ں滹ĳĳЩˣĵƶµķչôһϷ
ָоҶеǳϾùȻǼĿ飬¶˺棬ͲҶеˡ
ƫƫ鲢ô׵ģΪӰ쵽ý̫ˣĲ˵ĶʮλԱǣÿһһЩȽίǣҲа취һ㡣
ôĺѡҳ̸ף
֪˭ĻҶ뵽Ҳɵ㬵ֹһ䣬ʵ̫˺ˣһʯļƲúܳɹ
˾裬Ҷ;ԼԺ飬ҪӽһЩ֪ʲôطͱ˸ס˰ѱ
ٻһ̵鰡ҶɵðԸпһ䡣


607 ָӶ
Ϊֳ˱̷ʤֱӹ飬Ҷھǵгӳ죬ҪҲ뿴һľ
Ȼ˵ý巽ͱ¶֮󣬺ܿͱڣϢһ֮󣬾˸ĹעԶҶƽҲ绰ѯҶľ
ҶȻýϣȴǺ֪ܶеĵһɶеǳˬ
˵ģôҲνƫƫûʲôϵԱڹζͱȽˡ
ڳСųүӣϷˣϢҶһ˿⡣
ģԶǧ֮⣬ҲܹϢүϷһ꣬Ҳ÷ǳʱɹ̫ҶЦ
ҴԺ棬Ϊ˷˼ɹ̫רڶ¥ŪһܷĲӣʱ̫ܺ⣬õı紵ţһǺܺ˼˼ģҲ˼Ǯ
үӣɹ̫ǲҪŲΪáҶ˵ŲȻ紵ǲס˴󲿷ֵߣƵգҪһķźá
ӹȻ촵˵ɹ̫ȥǱ߶Ǻܺúܷġү˵
𣿡Ա߶ʵ
Ȼˣô𣿡Ҷϵ¶ĥЩŹ֣ʼҾе߲ˣǺϸһ룬ǺԵݵĿ󡣡
ŶүˣЩȤʵԼã
ʱȽϻңȥ˶ˣ֮䷢ͻĿԼСҲʲô˻ôĹϵָʹý巢ֶҶǴ¶ķٶȻԷǺʵģһ¶ǺԵݵһĻ־硣
ôʲôôЩʵҫԼŮѱձռ𣿡
ҶˣʱЦˣû뵽С˵Ȼô𣬡ôȻеģʵϳ˶ܵһЩӰĻʵʻĺôȴǿԤġ
鷢֮Ҷϸػ˵ʱȻֽ¼ķ͹̷һ飬͵óһۣ¶ںûдĸӰ죬Ǻ׸ô
һʼʱ򣬺ᱻ˿Ůֺձ˵СˣΪﵽĿĲϧֶεļа֮Ľҿٸ߲˾ͻȥ
ôһĻ;ú˹ǺģԼ޷ʱͶ̵ʱ򣬻ίŮ¶˲֮ҲûŭɫǾ͵
ȫԽΪΪʥķչϧĸɲ˵ְĻ㻹иõӿԾٳ
˵ף˵ձСҰк;һȴ渺ڿҾҵ쵼ɲ
滹һ⡣Ҷ˵ȻûŰҸдȥȴ֪ĵ鵱Уٲ˵һԵĴôһ϶ὫĹؼתƵҵΪε¼У˲ʵĽɫ
˵һε¼УֵʵˣҶĽ֮󣬾ЩƵʵ
үҶͷͷǵҲԵͷ˵ηȻķ͹̣ܹ¼ʵĻ𽥸ԭΪװ
ҶͷԣټҶҵıԼķ֣Ҷ;϶ܹߵøԶģڷǳᰡơ
һ¶ҿ϶ġҶЦЦСҵϾ˸ߵĲ֮󣬴ҿⲢô򵥵ġңѾҺܲˡ
ʵ˸ʡλ֮ϣҪɲѾͨЩǿǵִҲǿǷԦһʡ߲ŵͬʱҪֳֵܹӰ
ȻˣҪһ㣬ǿǱǷ㹻ǿ
⼸棬ҶȻռ˾ƵģںСͿ棬ܹӰأάֲ˶ã˿˺Ҫȫ֧ҲÿǷֵ˼ôȥ
һȽϣҶȻҪںôһСС鷳Ǵʵ棬ǴҶռ˾ơ
⡣СҡҡͷЩãȻ
ڸεĸ߲㶷СȻñȽ٣Ȼ˵үӶⷽǵвС˵治ŵ
Щ⣬ͲҪ⣬ǵ顣ȻүЦŰ˰ֵ
үӶҶһƻҲǷǳȤģǾʵĪʲô뷨ˣ
׼ںӶǱ߶֣е̫ǻᱻ˸СġҶʾ
ǣ׼Ϲ˵ĺ·˭үˣȻЩԾ˵
Ϊһе̳үӿǿԪϼģʮĻºȦ˵ĵϸݶ̼ڵҶүǼһҲ޷Ტ۵ġ
ԵҶһºӶͷǳزҶʵ뷨
ϵںӶ˼Ϲ˼ҵϵЩˣЩ˺ӶҶָӶȻҪ֣ƺС飬ҲҶô¡˵
θǵĹ˳ǡҶҲүӣֱӵ˹˳ǵ֡
ԭү֮󣬵˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
үҲ֪˳ǣҶԴ˵еˡ
һʡҲܹ˳үӵķۣȻе˳Ծ
ǺӶɲмʮȻжĻᣬǶطˣһǼʮꡣүӵͷ˵ڿӦΪ֮
Ҷ˳үӵĻ֮Ҳе⣬˳ںӶʡӦǱģѵ˵ǹϵİţߵĻᣬȴΪ˼ںӶʡΪι̵ĸݵأ
ˣô˳˵̹Ҳ湻ˣҶȻԼƺеСˡ
ܸɣվҲģ˳ǵĶӡҶԼĴ㣬ү˵˵ӿϰȵشڼ棬ҵ治̫صˣôҪɱҪУɲˡ
Ϲ˱ϾʹˣЩƲסˣҲãѲĶ֣Ǹòƾжֳ˴ҲʹȻүЩп˵ǰŪ˺ӶδǰʯͷԼĽţүүͶۻԲʩΪҿһϹҪ˷۱ˡ
ҶǷûȤҶǫѷرʾǿ˳СһۣԼ˼ŮûʲôȾָҰġ
Сһֺۣһû׷ʱлһʲô


608 ڹ
ΪʲôкܶŮѻᱻĽŮкܶѻᱻӣ
ͺһԿ׿Կܶᱻ˳ԿףһǿԱܶԿ״򿪣Ǿ˵⣡
ߣа˵
Ǵʵ
ܺãȻ˵ոչ˴ڣǽĴƺر磬ϣһҲܲ紺ĺ⡣
ֻΪ飬˵涼ůģҲо͵Ĵ
ҶĳӾͣɽµĺߣľͷ׮棬졣
Ϊοͷ㣬صιţź߶ľ׮ӽһСͷһľ³Լٶףȵȥʮ׵ӣмľżܹ֮µСζ
ߵļʱ߶Ϊˡ
ڣ߶ҲһԶһԶ·ֲ˾Ӷࡣ
˵Ȼܶ࣬ǱϾ˶ȥֵطѵģԻʤأܹ³û߶羰ѣΨһĲȻ磬żôһ˿˿ĺӹ
洩һ˫ë׵ĺڰСѥӣľŵķ棬ڿУȥϵǴźƤ£ɫĴ¸ȽγһַǳĶԱȣ
ҶվԱ߶ǺܵĳСһȣʹϵȥ
ĺˮȻţǱѾܱˣǵȥµģɲŴģͿų棬˵ͣ⺮԰˶Ҫ˵һ壬ô۵СǷܹŵס
˵ٳˣΪʲôôĹĶأȻ󷢸пҸְѹòôһ춷ȥģ۲۰
뷨̫ˡҶʱЦȻ˹ٳܶɲˡʵڹٳУ̳ϣ鳡ϣսϣҲڻƣභǰ̫˼ʱ򣬲˵춷ض˶ʵ˻ţǶһ
֮ҲǺϲСЩ˵ýżľͷ׮ӣѹҰûнٳѡ˽ҵүүĻ˵Ը񣬲ʺϹٳȴڳޣ˵ǻٳĲϣǹٳˣƺ˵滰ܱ֤һʱ˵Ķ滰𣿡
Ҷû뵽ͻȻ⡣
ų۾ؿԼҶɵԼıӣЩΪرʾҪ˵ʵеʱ˵ĻΥ֮ԣҲܿƭɣĻԣϾǺõģҪ˵ƭӣǲϵġ
濴Ҷӣˣ˸˼˵˵ûɡ
ҶЦЦЩε˵ʵڹٳУԽٻջ׻ǲܽ滰ܶʱ˭滰˭Ҫ̨ĳٳһΪı̨ÿеˣԱϷݶȻͬȴڰɣ̨ʶʵݣö֮ͱϷһ֣˭Ͻ滰˭滰˭ɵӣˣ޷ڹٳ㣡
ҶĸпȻижȷʵ˸еЩΡ
˵һᵽŮ飬֪ǿ϶СۣһᵽŮԹԱ֪ڱˣһᵽ󣬾֪¢԰Ѫһᵽ쵼֪һ̰ۣһᵽ̰٣֪϶ж̣һᵽɣã֪϶С㣻һᵽ£֪ûйϵУһᵽ̣֪϶иܣһᵽ¢ϣ֪ǹרһᵽѧ뵽϶ϲѧһᵽҽƣ֪϶˿𲡣һᵽӣ֪ܶ˼ҲӣһᵽĹأ뵽֮ص˵һᵽ٣֪Ǽٴƭˡ
еЩ⣬ʵƫƫҶ˭Ҳ¶Ȼ˭Ļĸ˵滰ĺӣҪƨɵġ
ǹҪڹٳ棬ҪأһҪԾάĻȴľԲǿкΣȻ֡Ҷид˵Ҫʵ£ǲԣǲܹ˼ҵļȵ棬ҲԵþ壬ǲеģûдĹԱ֧Ļ·߲ȥġ
һ⡣ҶĻ󣬺ȻŤͷʵ
ţҶһ¡
ҸദǲҲʲô򣿡ʵ
ӦйġҶһ£͵ͷ˵ʵԼ׳ɵĹˣҵԼĳŵأܸҴñӣ򵥵Ĺ򡣡
汾ǺҶش֮ҲɵЩۣ̲סţȻЩ񫡣
Ҷһı飬ȴûж㿪š
Ͼ˼ҳһȷʵǱȽϳԿˣ֪滹ŮˣҪװô֪һȷʵǱȽƵġ
ӵܵĪˣܹһյ
ŮĻ߻һЩеܹ̣ǶڸλڹǶԣܹһǷëǣ˵һ䲻ģȦ죬߶ֻһţǻᱻóЦġ
飬ĺܲʺϹٳ
ԭģϧҲòͶ޽ιˣʵǧûиı
ȻеĲҪıһУǵ˺ŷ֣ıʵֻԼʷĳִǹȥΪκͣ˵Ϊ֮ĵˡ
Ҫһ֮սģɶǳ˵Ρ
һҺܳԿĵضҶ˵
һҺҶͷʾ
ǷҵġָͷҶؿ˵
ҪǷҵģͱȽ鷳ˡҶɫ
СһӣͻȻͿԶɹһȺɫˮ񣬲֪ʲô࣬ɵЩؽ
ôȻҲܹˮϡ档ҶҲеզࡣ
˵ʱ治ŮӻġҶĻƻյġ
һʱضܹ漣Ҷ̾ԼĴ󣬺ǾؿЩˮǸ̾
ۣҲ̫ˡʱҶαЦˡ
Цһӣ˵ʵҲʶ磬Ůͦģ˺ǰϹˡ
ŶҶӦһȻⲻÿɷ
ҲϤŮŮ治ô˵
ǣϾϣĺȷʵϡˡҶôĴָָԼ˵
Ǻˣš浹û뵽ҶôƤرԼɵЦźߵ
˾ңҾҶҶȻ뵽Լļ䵱Уĳżе֮һɵðڳһı飬ԼüëһܼܼͬPOSE
Ȼ汻ҶPOSEֲ֧Цǰϡ
ǺܼءСڻȥʱȻֵҶظʾԼղŶĸйۡ


609 ͷ
죬ܲá
ҪԭȻΪձֳ飬ټϺֽͻȻһ߶ʵͺùеŭɶ
ǱȽϴͳЩư֮ĶһøҲûУ˳֮ȻûнθֵͷϣȴԺȥЩطʡǷǡ
Ǻ鵱еķӦҲǺֵģûиձֻʲôʧһȲ⣬Ҳ¶档
Ϊ͸Ӳˣ⼸һֱڼ
ʱ˵ͺҪݻϣţʱʺһ䣬ձ˵ô¶
˵ʱҲùеŭϲǼɫ޷ǱСҰץ֮󣬾˼ںڵӡ˾;÷ǳģһѻˡ
ʧǮƵС¶ֻÿСҰк;һĳ;Щŭɶץ˵
ڼ濴һ飬ڴ˯ˡ
ѹʱ򣬾¥˽̸óкҲг䡣
¥ݣ׼ǴкʵҲе棬ñȽƵȻЩġ
ϾϺͳϸɲǣƽʱԼı⣬һطܵĻ׸һ˽´ӡӦ顣
ֽǼ飬ûʲôɣ
Ҫ¥ʱ򣬾⣬ֹס˽ŲҪ˵Щʲô
ûУʱǰŵıȽϽܻ뵽һЩʲô鶼ͨӲģҲûܹҵǵϣɻһЩ˭Ҳܷϣ鵱Уǲܺߡ˵ǳϷӦʱҸ벻ô
ֶСˣСֶֻܵóһʱҪһǵдǻ۲С˰֣ȻںķвΪ⣬ҪվȽŸҪձͶʸʵ
ųһ䣬СҰǱ߶ûʲôɣ
е˳ϾǱ˴һ١üͷ˵棬ǸС
²ס˵
Ϊ˴롭Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬾;ÿƺеʲô͵ĸоһ̧ͷͿվ¥ϣŭؿԼĹ硣
ãõúܣѹһֻܳΪʧߣ缸Ǵ漷⼸ֵġ
㡭ȫû뵽ȻĶԻⷢܡ
ɢûлȵһ˽潻Ĵȴû뵽ͻȻˣ¥һζ
ģ缫˦֣ɱ¥˳ȥ
Ѿͷôˣɢ˳ɵЩ㵡
Ҳ˵ֱܵˡ
Ͼ֣ص󣬾Ϳͺһѿʲôˣôӣ
˵һЩݣźѽܡЩͷ۵ػش
ʲôݣʵ
СҰǼġҲ֪ôϽͣɵýĿͶ˳䡣
ȴԸԼ˲豭ƺʲôһ
׻ʲô飬Ҳ֪ģϲͨˣһУ϶ôǾͳ׷ʵ
ԥһ£˵֮ǰȻ⣬ý巽ǰŵġ
֮û˵˿䣬ô᲻¶йϵ
ĺչȷʵҶһЩ鷳ǹҲףСùˣҪ߲⼸λĻڵ졣
Ϳ̾˿飬Ǳ˿͸Ҷҿ϶֪ģڵͲܸ濹⣬ڸôԣʲôôأҼܹ϶Ѿô¶ˣôΪǣ
ҶһȺʲôˣǶǴ洳ġ
涼˱ôῴ͸ЩСϷ
ϵвҡͷѹֳֵܰһҶңʵΪǱޣֻССֶΣûдǻۣ
Ǳ߶ô죿ʵȽϵ飬ԹĿı䣬ʱЩûڡ
ȷһŰɣ˵̾˿
ҲЩԹԣǶԳСֶβ⣬ͬʱҲԺĲʾţֳôǳ
ǰкĻϾԲͬô졣
ɱа˰٣һǧ⣬òʧ
ںС˼Ҳף޷ǾҪչֳԼùʶֻ˼ңܹվ
ϧǣûгʶҪԵҶǺεҶǺεȵļ壬ԶܹӦġ
Ժ飬࿼ǿǣʱհǰ˺󲢲Ǳʡ˵
ӹϼ뿪󣬺;÷ǳƣһε鴦ȷʵ⣬ԭŽ飬ҶһѵģڿûдﵽĿ꣬˼Ҷ˽ġ
ͬԤϵڸ߲УѾʧˡ
һûԤϵģǾǹǵİš
󵽣λŮӵõʱôŭɴӰ쵽֮ĹϵĺܵԼĻԼǷܹ糣С
Ȼ˵Ŷǹϰŵģһ֮³ߵĻôҲ͸ˣ˭Ҳ֪Ժᷢչʲôӣ
ʧȥ˹˼ֵ֧ĺ߶Զ
ҪġǸһģûʲôѹźļͷ˵ٳϵûܹԶڲ֮أضܺҶҪѧᶷЭʧˣԺҲҶз磬ҪԸǵ˶أĻỹǺܴġ
ˣҲ˵ʲôϾΪá
룬ǽ罫ձ˵ͶʸʵֻҪˣôȻǺܴһ̣߲ҲῴϿɵġ
ֻСҰк;һ̬ƺȽϲ̫ƣҲͷӦν⣬㶨ǵĻ̸оûа취ȥôҲңңˡ
ԸСӣҲûʲô취ģ޷ǾͶ¡Դ˵ǿúܵȻϲɫôĻ㻹Ҳʵĵط
ˣ˵ͷΪ֮ƣҲΨˡ
ֻҪȰСӸźˣ̸˳ȥʵ⼸Ͷʣô֮ô˴ˣСǻ᲻ָ£


610 ߸
磬˵ǲǺˣ
磬ôˣٳ֮ϣôڰģֲǵһ֪
Ҷãƻҵˣܸһ𣿡
¶òصӦ֪ġ
Ůλ̷ĺŮһǰϣźüֻƿӣһɺƵķҷϢ
Ӽ֮ܳ󣬹鼫ƣͺ˺˼Ҿư
˵ǽ˵Ƿйһеķŭ
ϾôһٳСˣ϶Ƿǳǳ⡣
ʵŹ˼μ棬ڹԱǵҲʶһЩֻȻ֪ǹٳϱⲻ˵ȴҲû뵽ȻôףȻΪ֣ϧҪȥСӵǸ
鶼ó绹ָʲôߣ
һȷʵܹκεİȫС
ҲھˡָŹ⻬ľ˵
ĵĵƹ£ĳָ̻ţ¶һֽڽһĹö̷Ů翴е
ʱͻȻôһ˵еھǣѧҵô죿㻹ûдѧҵأ
ʵǰһζʱ䣬ѾӵӢţǱ߶뺯ֻһֱԥǲӦùȥѧ˵һε飬ֻǰ˾ġ
ǣȥţѧĻҪǮģлʲôģһ˹ȥزġĹϵȷʵܺãʱͻȻ˵ҪȥӢ飬ʱʧȥʲôһе״Σ֪˵ʲôΪá
վѵϣŹȥţ飬ȻǺܸ˵飬ͬվѵϣ뵽֮л߾ûʲôĻᣬ滹Щġ
ȥŶ²ĻҲΨȥѧܱܵÿĸֱȣǽΨһ;Ļǿ϶ᱻ浱γġ
ھ棬洦ɼ˭˵ĵطˣ
¶ˡǳ˵
翴˿磬ȷûкȶ࣬Ǻѣ֪ȷʵ¶˾ģɵ̾˿ֻףһ˳ˡ
Ȼ˵ҪǮĻﻹһ˽ǮȻ࣬ҲмʮӣӦˡ
лˡͷ
Ȼ˼ҲȱǮеģԼҪȥӢͷ¶ĻƼ϶Ƿ׷׷Եģû׼ͶľԴ֧ҲǷǳҪġ
Ź磬˵ʲôͺȻֹͻȻƺʲô
ôˣŤͷһȴûзʲô
Ҷ߽ĴпǸ˾ҶС˵
ҶìܵҶˣʱҲؿ棬֮˵ǴѾĹԱˣҶҵǴó棡
ۺ˵һﳤȷʵͦģͦŮԵġ
緢ֹһֱڿҶЩֵʵ㲻ǿ˰ɣҪ֪š
Ҳ˵ʲô˲ˣΪҲĿ̾˿ԭȻҶ˲ãӦðźȥڿ¶Ժ󣬾;úνˣٳϲǴһˣ˵ʲô˻ˣҶǴ˶ѡ
˵ʱȻӦøлָоǲǺܹ죿
ҲˡֿҶһۣð֮Уи˧翴ҲǺ۵ģ˵ָоܾΪԭеļֵۣͻȻ֮ɵʧɣҲͻָˣҪ̫ġ
ϣ˰ɡ
ҪҪҵӣȻֱӣЩ˵
ʲôӣ練ʵ
㿴žͺˣǺǡЦЦȻЩӡ
Ҷһ˹ģûʲôر飬ֻҪҸ˶ĵطȵƶѡ
һζʱ䣬Ӱ˵ʵ̫࣬ŪҶеķ΢һЩҲͻؼˣܹ΢һ¡
ľưɻȣ񾩳ǵһЩư棬Ҳ΢˵Σ˵װ޵ṩķкܶҪĽ
еʱ䣬ҲΪ΢˽һ飬ڸѽڡ
ϾΪƽʱܹĻᣬǲˣҶƽֳԱϳжҪԤðŲеģһȫ⣬ҪЭš
˵ʲô΢˽ã͸ܡ
Աǻ϶ĿϵԱֻҪǱȽϹⷽˣܹϵóǻô΢˽ã΢һط׼Ӧǡ
Ҷ߽ҸλأͿһɫ޷Ķ̷ŮӣһͷײĻ
ȶˣҶĵһӦ
ǽķӦҶеĿࡣ
Ƕ̷ŮֱֱۣӾ§ҶļҲҶ壬ͬһعҶϡ
㡭ҶЩãȻ֪ô¶Ҫ˵ʲôȴԼ;ȻҲ̷Ůˡ
ô¶ҶЩŭĪؾͱ˸ǿˣ¶Ȼе⧲˵Էеɫ޷ҲܹҲΪʵҶǳ
һѽŮԼϸ֮Ҷͺʵȶ𣿡
ʵҲ֪ŮһľȻ˲٣ŪøձҶϣҲմȾϢ
˧磬Ҫ̷Ů룬Ҫ˵м˵ζֻųղҶϡ
ϴˡҶҪǿŮ˦һ߶ˡ
ģҲ˼֣ͼ𹫷ˣֻȰϴˣҸչʶ㡣
ᡭ˭֪Ƕ̷ŮһôŪ˼һɢ˼һͲ˼ˣûİ
Ҷʱʲô˶
ǾŮȴĲʶԷҶͺǽʾ֭ȥ룬˾˭أ
Ժ֮Ҳûס
ĿԽ̷Ůͷʱ򣬾ͿһмϤŮӣǱˣǹϵŮ磬ҲǺδޡ
Ҷ̾ͷӦ
ȴЩ㵵죬һֻ߽žƱ߶ȥҶҶŪ޴Ż龰Լ󵨵ȥҶĶеԼ񲢲˽λѡ
ôôأһα߸ˣ


611 Ȼӣ
ѵ˵ıҶʱҲһ£ĵһۣλ̷ŮˣǹŮ
һоıû׼һ̻еŮͻ󺰷ȻһȺ˸ջΧŹʲôġ
ֽͻһѹҶھưŮš
ķչôȥĻҶǻʺҲʺˣǲܰΣҲ㹻еƵģǱ˸ˡ
Ȼڻûн飬ҲʲôְȨѹµʣھưֹ棬Ҳ̸ʲôڲٵ⣬˵ɧŮɫǣǻеԩ
Ʒ֣ҪңҪòòҪְλְλ˵춼˵ǧŮеˣ㹴ֶдĺԼܵưɧű
ı˸ΧĻпѱ磬ϾҲûʲô˸˵ɫǾͲӢ˧
оҶ쳣ӦͷһͷҶ߸ײһȻλѾϳ˱˴ˣɵôû˼
ҶǵķӦеˣ˲꣬ŮŶ㶼ҽܣѵҵܲ𣿡ȻеģԼظҶǰ˶ƺҪѹһ£Եԡ
ҶЩЦãڹ۲һΧĻʹ˱ݺǡ
óżȻѣΪıľ㵡
ѾͷϻԼĻ;Բı顣
λͬѧ֪֪ھưôˣ߻ģʱ޶Ȼ˵̷Ůƺǳ󵨣Ҷֻǽֻס֫˽ܹ廹еӲԲֻ˻Ůӡ
Ȼˣ̷ŮĵӺܴģƺûʲôŮӣôֱӵعջʲôľ͸û
ֻһԣȫɲʲôˣ̷ŮȻҶ§֫ʱȴѾϰ˹ȥԼӸҶһ߶ľ룬Ȼͷ۾ǳ˵
ؿڼ˼ң֪ƷˣҶЦʵ
ô·ء类Ҷ۾ţȻе飬ƺԼղŵľٶҶˡ
ָоȷʵе֣ЩȴʾҿҶҲôһӦҲûУѵ岻У
С˵ҶȻ㶮ʲôķӦ֪δµģƫƫϲ죬ΣյľЩСŮˣ֪һͰԼݽȥˡ
ʲôδ£˵վǱҶ˵ˣʱЩǱ
ˣͬ°ͶˡҶɿ§ֱۣ֫Ȼ˵
类Ҷſ֮󣬾;ƺ»ص棬ͷʱ򣬹ȻͼӣСڣ˼ӣǡ
ôһԼҲе˼ˣԭҪϷҶһµģû뵽ҶĵлͦģȻտʼʱе⣬ǺܿӦˣȻëͷСܹᲢ۵ġ
ҽ磬ˮʵ硣Ҷ֡
ҽҶҶҶĿҶָգŮӵۣ޹ǣ΢еĸо
ƺ˵ϱлŮӦǸȽϷŵÿġ
ϸˡ
ȻˣһȥɡҶ롣
ΪӦöҺüԵĿҪһЩҶ˵
ҶҲе֣˵ˣԼӦǱȽϷߺ޵ӲŶԣΪֽ飬Ǻ׾ͰѻɵŵԼϡ
ڿȻеϷԼ飬˵鲢ʲô롣
ΪʲôҪô˵أҶ˹ȥ§ԾЩĹ磬Ҷʵ֮ìܣŮûʲôϵ
˵ҲԡҶִùһƱڣζЩֶȻ̼
ҵıӺòá۾Щ˵
ŶҶһ¸߽űȻֱԼܹĴӡ
ǼӽˡµԱ߶˵
˵˵
Ҳһ¡Ҷ⣬ת˼߶ƺǽѵ˵ìˣ
ô֪ģŮˣʱ󾪡
Ȼ˵߶Ѿȵƿˣǲûж⣬Ҳܶں˾֮ͷκ޴Цʲôģȴ֪ôҶˣ
£ʱ䣬õźô𣿡ҶƲҿǶҵ̬ȣԾܹ̼ģôôľٶ룬˸ì⣬ֻʧʲôˡŶѵ˵С˭ţ
Ҷ˵ֿԺ󣬺ȻеɫǺܻɹˡ
Ϊʱձ˵Ϸ磬ձƫƫǺͶ̣Ϊ飬ͺ֮׾ɾ׵ģòʱŽ⣬СŮƢһľͻᷢչñȽ⡣
ڵֿǺܴġ
ҶԽ׽Խôһ¶ɵþͿʼֵĻϸ֮ĹϵӦλ
ĥһ£;üʹֿԣҲܷһϹȥһҪôһ˲ţҲ治׵ġ
Ȼ˵˲źܶ࣬Ҵ࣬Ҷ˲ŵĿȨϣ׳ԼôЩ˸Ͳ֣͵ɲλϵǴص㡣
ϲΪŮ˵Сìܣͷôһᣬⲻѧ
ûìܵĻôܸԼͬһӣȴûȻɫͬҲѧ
ңҸûʲôϵҶԾǣȻ˵ôһ仰
̫ˣֽģ֪飬ߣҲĺһ߶͵
ȻӡҶ֮󣬹ȻǸеЩ𾪣ȻѾ뵽ֿԣǵĴ𰸴ӹͬ˵ʱҶǲɵһºĺڡ
еҲסϾүүѡδ򣬵δΪȻ˱ӣȻϣȥձ˵ǸȡͶأ飬޷ǰ˵ڵġ
Ҳûʲôˣ÷ϡҶɫãͰοһһѽһ䣬Ҿúе˵һŮԵǸ֮ǰ˭ûϲɵƣ


612 ԩҶͷ
Ҳûʲôˣ÷ϡҶɫãͰοһһѽһ䣬Ҿúе˵һŮԵǸ֮ǰ˭ûϲɵƣ
⻰˵ãеŮĥһ£⻰˼ڰο˷棬ҶǺһЩˮƽġ
ҶǣҺеϲˡ罿ЦŶҶ˵
ҿɲΪеɵ֮һҶ̾ͱʾԼǲһϵģҲܺСԣûģĻǽаɣʡõʱ˴ܲǣ
˵⻰Ҷϵıӣһڡ
ţôƲżӾͱζˣüͷЩɵ˵
Ҷǣһõıҵġûط˸۶
˼һθӽˡҶЩΪرʾŮǸûʲôġ
̨Ǳ߶֣̾͹һֻµĸ߽űȻԸһλһƿԾƹ
ǲû±𣿡ҶЩʶȤʵ
ôһ˵ŮЩˡ
ӼҽⷽڻӣζҶù治ǺòľٶôĻ϶ԷĲ죬ӵĻֺ񲻽ҶԼӽˣ¶ȷʵͦĵġ
ҶһЦ֣ԸֻСƿװơڵŮǰֱƿӺȣоһЩ
˵⿼ǸйϵĳơƵĸоҪһЩ
ơƿһڣ;ĭĸо൱壬ӿڱðɵЩԾƽʱȺûеġ
ȻȥһЩǺơƲŻˬ졣Ҷ˵ȵĿɲơƣǵصصԾƣһȥȥһŻ࣬˶еůģ̹ĺܡ
ֻжʮ𣿡Щơ֮󣬾ͷȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҷʵ
ţʮˣʲôԵģҶ˵ͷʵ
ʼ벻ףƾʲôĸɲ۾˵
Ҷۿȥͼ΢һЩ°ȴǱȽԲһָ֪֮࣬۾Ӧ׳Ƶĵۣü΢һ˿Ľ֮ȴġ
ΪĹϵϹ˼ҵ˿϶˵Ҷĺû޷ǾǻƿСҾӸλ֮Ĺ֮ʣԹ粻ҶЩʲôҲȻ
ֻǴʱ˳˵ǺܸȤģôҶҲһЩ飬ǽһҲڵڲɢŽϢˡ
ǰһЩ飬ӰȽϴ󣬵ǲ͸¶һ˶֪үүּ˶˵һЩҲȫ档Ҷھ˵ҪĹǵ˽ʡ·֮󣬲Žɫ
Ҷôһ˵дԼСʱӹȥˡ
ûôҫԼĹֻǽʥ˽̸̸Լʥľ滮ԼͶʽЩҵʲôģ̸̸һ廯̵ĺôķչƵȵȡ
ŮʵҲǸϴѧ꼶ӣҶĻ֮󣬶ЩĸоͺǱʥȥʵزιһ
ʵʥĵӣʲôʱҲܹջܴĳɼǸʱ򼸸߿Ƽҵ԰Ѿ˳ڣĿҲ׷׽ý׶Σ󽫻Ƿǳɹ۵ģÿܹʮϵĴҶ˵
ˣǷǳԾɴ۾Ҷ
ȻǲǺܹΣҲ֪ҵ룬һҲ͸չ˰Ԫѣ˼Ҷ˵ģ˿ڲһСС¼󰡡
ֲҪúȥʥҶ˼ɵԭֻȡҶҫѣԺ޲ýҶȵ޷̧ͷźö
֮󣬶ں֮飬˲١
˽ʮ꣬ǺҶȽЬ䡣
ԭΪүүϵĹϵúǸɲеţǴʱٻͷȥûָоʣµֻһС
Ȼôãô뿪ˣЩ֪ǳһ䡣
١ҶûлشֻЦЦֺһھơ
ֱ鿴ڹУɺΪϵò󣬸ܲΪԼʶ˶ҲΪ϶ҶƶԱ
ΪʲôǾͲѧһѧҶ˼¶أ
Ȼ粢ûйôô򷢣ЩԷǳȤ
˵ף⻹֮ĶҶ˵ƣԾҲеˣ͸ĸ֮ĶǴڵġеϲʵ£еϲ㵳еϲƲеϲ֮֡ܶٳʲô˶УҪ飬ĺܲף˶Ϊϰ飬ͺΰ෴ܶ˻ΪǹװƣȺȻ۶Ҳ¼ȺΧ
ζ֮󣬾ͦûȤġ
棬ЩȻʧ˵׹˼Ǳ߶ģȻ˵ڽôˣȻСʱʱرQһ£ҲԸĸɲСš
ʵϣ⼸̳˺üΣδͲ֮
еʱȷʵܲ˵ǵǰ澿ʲô˭Ҳ֪ڱΪȷ飬߶úܻĵΨһ⣬ǴҶΪԼȷǸԻáҶһ̯˫ֵԣҲֻмȥˡ
ûжȻҲûлȨûлȨȻûʵԼĻᣬҲͲܹʵԼ롣
ÿ˵ô룬֮ܶҪͨʵʹʵֵģΪõȨͱֲϵضȥҲ˹ٳж޴ڵɫ
ǵٵۡˣЩд˵
ʲôģҶûʲôӡ󣬵ܹһҹϵôУҲͨ˼ңɵЩʵ
ҼҡڲӵġЦ˵
ġҶĥһӣίƺûĴԱǾ˵Ҷھ˽ⲻ࣬治
ҶǫˣүүǾί׳㻹˵ԼԾϤƲƲ޷ΪҼҵļ̫Ͷѡ
գְƼôϵ׶
ŶҶˣʱ˵ͷ˵ѹҲ֪ԭĸա
˵ƼôҲǸҶһӪģҶ˿磬ֿ˿磬ɵð̾˿
ôŮԩҶͷŮأ


613 Ӧæ
ҲҶô룬ʵƼôǼҾʹһ·ġ
ȻˣҲ˵˫ǵжԵĹϵǴӹϵԶ˵ģǴͺ˽ͺ˵ˡ
ʵ½֮ͬ䣬ҲĻĺìܡ
ƼôһϵҲ׳ˣֻƫ½սҶӰ쵽ںϣȷ˵һ廯ȵȣԲͬɵķ硣
ƼôҲʮ꣬ͷͣ˵һί棬Ҫ쵼ְ
ô˵ҲǴŷ֮
ھҶ˽ȻޣҲǶһ
ҶȻھеĴ󣬵ӰҲ޵ġ
ȷ˵ϵӰѷɫܶ࣬ʵϣڼռŵľҲһ졣
ڶھȨƿǺȷģǾǵָǹ
ǾһԱҲǴΪָӶѣ˹ؼʱ̣ǵָУ˭Ը
ԭ˾ǧ𣬲ֿǲһˡҶЦ
˵ôģҲͲαذԼɲƵģЩرʾ
ұǸɲҶЦ
Ҷôһ˵ŮʱҲЦˣȷʵ˼Ҷǲͬ꣬ǻϴѧ˼ҶѾĸɲˡ
˵ɲݣǷϸģЩʵ
ⶼҥҶȻ˵ľⶼڽʡ·ɳ˴ɼ֮Ӧõı꣬˵Ϊ˱ҶʥĿԽ蹤
˵ɶţɽ̨Ҳйϵ粻Ǿؽ֮ŮȻְҲܹ
ЩûиݵĺҽҶȻܹЩ飬ɫΪԱҪϸҪԼҪҥҥЩĵĻ֮׵İŽĴþ档
ղ˵ģҰƽʱĿһЦ
ԸȷʵȽϻһЩҪȻҲȥϷҶһŮôôţҶţԸ񣬿϶ƼôӰһЩ
ķ൱ƫƫ˸̷һ˾ӷӰ죬һҲųԼԸͱȽѣԲϲʰʱĳȻܻÿһЩ
һ죬᲻еȽϷɣҶʵ
ҸоǾƾáЦǲϳϲҶ
ô˵ץϵơƿֹһڣȻϲֺˬĸоǰǾԸеСӵĺۼǽ͸еԸʵҲͦõģһЩһЩҲһЩ
ԼܹĻȤƻܶɣ
̾˿ֹһơơ
°Ҷ˹һۣ;Ůƺأһ䡣
ԹϵĲΪȻԺƷԸȫ޺øУǶŮ˵ȴƲʲôУֻ֪˱ֽһµ֮󣬾ʹӼܳͷȾƣܹԸΡ
ԸıСͬ۵ŮȻǻŮǺֵþģԽʵ棬Եѵá
̼ˡûȹ˵һ߶Ϳˡ
㡭һָұء类ùǺ޲ϴ²źá
̼飬һ㶼ĵؽУôܹ󺰴У˵Ҫ̼ˣĻû׼û׼أͱ˸ˡ
ȥӢ飬ѾľȻϣΪһʱ©˷¹ܴɡ
ԺһԭҪʶһ¹ķ⣬ѧҲһҪԭ֮ܶȻģȴôģһʲô飬һȥ
ϾӴѧͼˣȻĴͳҪ
ģȥҶˣҲеԾû뵽ŮȻҲڳĴ£ȷʵǼˣҲδؾܹõһǳɵŮȻš
ұյţѧ뺯ֻһֱû¶ġ粻֪ôţ;Ҷֵˣ㽫Լ˵һ£һε鷢֮ھˣܹԼ뷨ȥ飬ôŻʲô壿ļͥͺҵ氮ˣȻΪʲôҵƴһ£Ҳ˽ԼԸ
Ҷˣ˵ͷͬС
ʵЩҴ壬ȷʵܶ࣬޷ǾΪˣ߾úһȷ˵Ϊ֮ģȻһ˼Ҳеģֻǲѡ
ģһĽϣҪǴѹԷѣ͸ǰŴʱսһˣ͹ȥһһı֡
Ȼִԣûʲôʵ壬Щ˾ϲֵҲǴڵģҲһЩг
Ȼˣ̫ĺ׶ǲܻӭģǱʾ䣬ǹأ
֮ܶĴǲҸġ
Ҷͳģ൱ò൱һкøУ̸õһģǷëˣ˵һ˵ҶĻĳ̶ȣҲеԿģϾõĲһݶĸ飬Ҳһɷ
Ȼܹ˷ӣŮҲϣ˷ɷ򣬴Ӹ㷺ķΧŮⷽʼǴڱȽƵĵλ
ԣҶܹ
⣬ǲʾ̬ȣϾҳߡҶЦҪүү֪ҳ֮ǰǸҴһģ˹Ⱦ׷ɱˡ
Ҷ⻰ʱһЦ
ԭһʱҲʧӰ١
˵¶æԱ߶ɫҪĻ϶⵽ģҸǺѣ϶Ҳ˵صעҲò֣ҶͲͬˣ㰲һ£ܹ¶ǼҵҲûʲô취
¶ҶˣҲеͷ
˿磬ͼŮһεԼԼĻԸ϶ʵֲ˵ģ˵ˣҲԸôõŮ䵽˵һʹӦðɣǿɱҸˡ
ԶȻ̽˹ҶһڣȻ󷽷˵ллˡ
ռұ˰ɡҶԼûеʪĸоĿˮˣѵ˵ԼȻôŮĻӭ
뵽ܴĺҶǾӦýһʡ汻ͷŹȴĻһմ˼ŮĶ϶˦ˡ


614 
ǾôңҶӦ֮󣬺ȻЩʵ
˵ҶǽһйʽӴôǾͽôҪϢ͸¶ԼһҪҳԶҲ˵˳ҪҶæأ
ҶȻһֱĸоҲܾЩ˼
ѵ˵ڵŮôһˣⲻѧ
ҶҵǺܺõġЦ˵һ˧硣
ţΪǵԱɲ˵Ҫġ˵
ҶԼĶͷҿûдӦʲôֵҪ󣬷һ첻ĻǸĨˣ
һҪ첻ϵδȭͷ÷ǳᶨҶ˵
˺ֶƣȻɢˡ
粻ԸؼңҲȸˣҶΣͿҶĿ˽γһͻң¥۷
Ҷûֱӻؼңȥ˶ү
ίԺ߶ƼҶҲоζˣһ֣Ծ㲻ŶүӵţҲܹɡ
Ҫ֪оٽֳݣʵǱһľ˾ĺҪߺܶ࣬˵ְеò֡
үڽӴľǣ̸һЩص㹤
Ҷһ̣ŵֻ߶ܶŮģڳʲôǵľձ鶼ߣһξξټУ٣ͬصǳơ
ѵչ߽ԱҶ߶ҵǲϤҲûʲô
ҶҶϯȥʱ򣬶үӵ˹
ŶáҶӦһѳûһ̸ˣӽͰȻһ¹ڣ߽үӵİ칫ҡ
칫ƣȻովһȺͲѬա
ү˼ͨ磬ΪϲÿյԵʣ߶ǽӵůյú㣬ͽ磬Ȼûʲô⡣
Сӣһһסүһ䣬ȻкҶȥ
үӵİ칫棬һɳӶǺľģʱ޵ӣҶǾͦģЬߵбɳϣͷһ߶ķ֣΢еӰקһš
ˣֻûпԼŲȥˮ
һľֳȥˣүӿҶЩʵ
˵үү֪ϸ˭һ𣿡ҶЦ
ô֪ү˵㵱ܹ˳֮Уʤǧ֮Ⱑû鱨Դô֪˭һ𣿡
үӣŮҲֹһ
ҶˣҲеȻ˵үӵı飬ǰɣҲŵó
١үˣ͵ЦСʱ򣬸үүɽԣӱԹģˣ˻ˡ
˽˵ϲˮ
ɽĴۣһȾûˡүóҶϣЩп˵
üһһںȥ²ǼǮûˡҶЩԾŲ豭˵
⵹ġүӵ˵ͷ˵Ҷⶫ˾ͺˣȲҶҲˡǿԴģҪһˣԺɾûа취ˡ
үүôͻȻЩˣҶЩʵ
ΪʹˣԾܶ顣үӰڰֵǰ˵ǺӶʡ飬ед
Ҷ˵ǱȽӶʡ飬Ҫú֣̿ҪúӶʡ쵼ȻҲҪú̿֡
վȫһĸ߶⣬Ӷʡú̿ȻǷǳҪģûⶫ޷֤ϰڽɽĵӦϾϿӲǶʱܹɵģҪγƵĵӦҲʮͿõģôӶʡú̿ԴȻǹϵ֮ء
վںӶʡϰյ⣬Щͬˡ
ΪԻȾ̶ȷǳأӰ쵽ϰյĽҲӰ쵽˵طõķչ
һطĻã϶ûԸͶʣú̿ǿǮģȴϰֱ棬ԱȽջˣùȴǴ
Ҳû취顭Ҷ˵ںܶ࿪ɶƻԵģȾ˻Ҳƻ˵ʽṹԿƵˮԴȾˣֲͣͣĻϰڽɽû취ˣҲûȥ㻷ϾͶ̫󣬸涼Ҳֻôţһһˡ
ʮڣú̿ԴǹõģվһᱻɹģǸʱ򣬲Ǵͷ۵һ졣
ڽǱ߶ԴĿʵҲǿĿǰú̿Ŀĺ󾢶㣬ԲҪ֣Ժ浽һ죬ɾֻиɵ۶û취ˡҶ˵
ںӶʡ٣ɽͬ־ΣүӺȻʵ
Ҷһ£û뵽үӾȻɽ˵ǾĴôҲɽĵطԱȤˣ
ɽǣǺиģҲǸʵĸɲܹںӶʡɼ꣬ӦǺӶĸҶ󣬾ͱʾ
ŶүӦһҶش𣬻ǱȽģĻͷͻȻһתղ˵ھư˭ˣ
Ҷүӵ˲ƸŪе˼ңҡҡͷԴľɢŻشϵŮ磬ƼôŮ硣
ү֮üëҶЦ⺢ӣͲͣһŮôȻ֪ǼϵĶǱȽѲģҪ鷳ʱѱֵüȮүү㸸Ƕġ
ֻǺ˸ƶѣʵ֮ǰǺüšҶʾ
Ͱѵʱүӽ˽˵˱ֽһµȡ
ѡȷʵôƷˣҪӸλˣʲô¶үӶںΪҲۡ
ȻǾԣǶҲϤΪֵĳԱǿԲ뵽߲߻ȥģԺʲô˲ܹߵø߸Զ
ںЩΪүֻҡͷѣȻǿ۵ġ
СֶξСֶΣֻڱȽϵ͵ĲϷһãϲ̨ġ
ţʱүүҰһ£͹ȥӢѧҶ齻˶үӡ
⵹ʲô¶֪˵ĻƻѪġүЦ
ڹϺͺЩ飬үӲҶҲżż֪Ҷûʲôùӳԣ˵ôѾܺˡ
ǻȥɣ뿪Լĸλ̫ˣ׳һЩӵľ档үӽӶʡǱ߶ҲǷӿЩҪˡ


615 үӵ˼
Ӷʡʲô飿ҶЩΪȻ˵
ʵϣʱ򣬲̾ͻȥһȥĻȻҪԹ˱顣
Ȼ˵˱ڳӵĴˣǱϾոչ޶ؼҵʱ䣬ȹ˳̫ȵĻױǹľ֡
ҶĴ㣬ǵȵʮ壬ɱȥúõؽһ顣
˳ںӶʡ̾ʱ̫µӰ˵̸ڣҪʰгֵɣҶҲҪѸ٣ȱ˷ӦĻǾѾˡ
Լǣǿù˳ǸܲʲôΣյϢڲ֡
ҶŻȥֻǴʱ˶үӵĽ飬Щ졣
ɽͬ־˼ܴҪٺӶʡúѾ漰ܶ˵ˣ̫ܲƽˣЩҪһɫүӶҶ˵ʱӦùȥһЩ飬ôͿ뷨Ρ
Ҷ֮°ͣתүѯʵ֪ںӶʡҲкܶĿѵ˵ɽ뷨ҪѲȨջȥ
Ҳ뵽үҶĻЩ𾪡
û뵽Ҷȥģûʲôֻ֪Ůǻ쵽һ𣬿ǹؼʱ򣬾ȻܹԼֻƬУжϳȷʵЩ˳Ծ
ôһĻүӵ浹̤ʵ˺ܶ࣬˵ҶƽʱĹñȽ̤ʵںӶʡҲָƣĻǵò۵ġ
Ҷͷʵ֪ôһ¶ġ
䵱УɽǵǺ˳ؽ˾ĿȨ⣬ʡǷ˷ĴãеˣԵںӶڲ߲˿ְ
ͲʲЩӪԵĿҶ˵ԣǣ浽ǵĿĿΪãûбҪЩϾ
Ǹүүһ¡үӶҶǸ߿һۣͷʾҲ˵ǴһЩΪá
ʵڸأһЩӪԵĿġ
ȷ˵صһЩǰֻװñȾʵģЩΪͶ벻㣬ЩӵҲ⣬кܶ඼ʼתòƷеֱᣬʵҵ
һЩĿҲʼ𽥵ƽᣬôһͿר¹ҵ;ӽȵȣòôġ
ʵҲϣתģΪ֮ӾӦôһЩ˵СţôҶкġ
ԶүڽӵⷽϢ֮Ҳǳ⣬ᣬһЩʲ÷ƽľƽȥҲð֮ġ
ֻôһѷͽŶˡү̾˿
طӦøһЩģһּۻ۵Ḷ́Ҳûָһ֮ھɽҶش
ô飬иɵĻǱȽϿٶˡ
񾭼÷չٶ֮󣬵طõﵽһǳɹ۵֣еķ˰ƸĸҲĲԾѷ⣬ǲҪôˡ
˰ƸĸϣܹôáүȻίԱôһ¶ǷȻô˽⣬ڵĸ߲УǶ˰ƸĸǵģЩ˲ô֧֡
϶õģ㲻õġҶʾҪ̬Ļֱ֧־ˣʱתҲһƱ֧֡
үӶ˾ģͶҶ˵Ͳżˣȹʮٻȥɡ϶Ҫִһӵģȥһݶ㣬ںӶʡĹҲаġ
ҶˣʱЦ
⻰Ȼʲô˼طҪЭ飬ЩĿȨջȥĻί߶̬ȻǺҪģϾ֮ڵطϵĴǿ϶ǲԸ⽻Ȩġ
Ҷ̸ⷽУ𵽱ȽϴãôںӶʡӰ̾ͻһضΪص̳
ȻһᣬүӵȻҪչԼֶҶˡ
˵ϻǱ߶ҪǸֳҾǿԲġү˵꣬ȫԳΪһ̣ͽͧҪĻ
ԿǣҲйƵ뷨ڻʱ򡣡ҶͷֳͬǿԵģϻؿγɲҵôܶ࣬ԭϵҪ
Ҷ飬Ҳйͨ̿ǵġ
ֻǣ̫࣬˵Ѿ˹սԵĸ߶ϣԲä뷨ȰѺõ֮ٿ飬߶˵ıԣʥĵ̶䣬һعء
˵ЩҵȫԵ滮Ӱ켴ɡ
ҪǺձ˸ˣ͸ˣӰ쵽ǵĹ滮үӺȻ˵ڽǱ߶һЩּ֣ĸɲܹ˽⵽ģ㿴¶ǲҪǾһ£
˵ģڻϻ߶кܶеĿз˵ձ˵ĸֳͶʵ߶Ļ϶ڰȫ湹ɱȽϴвǱȽΣյġ
һҪģҪһʱȵ̸ò˵ҶȻҲԸձ˵ʥԪǱȽϸȤģܲܿŶԷͶˣôɵʵ£Ҳطõ
뷨úĿ̸Ȼ׵ؽ衣
ڵĸֲһֱȥͧøֲһʹϣܹ⡣ү̾˿㲻֪߶˹ֲָģҪѲģǵĺһֱȽϻһԭͶ̫ˡ
ʵڵĺԱȽͺҪԭΪͳǴ½ңںȨʶҪöܱ࣬ߵЩǣԴ൱ӵģΪǶԣսԻ̫СˣԱںĿռֲһȱʧ
ЩĽȻûͣǳɹȴǺ⣬ýͧõ˵Ǽʮǰļս϶޵úܣȷȣ͸ܱˡ
ˣվҲòȥү˵ֻ½˵ǱȽǿӲĻȻȱ㹻һ廯˺ܾãȻûʵ֣ûǿĺվǵĹһֻȴ첻ȥȭͷĺҲ㰡
үΪίʵʸˣȻϣԼУԼڣܹӽԺʱ򣬲Լɾ͡
İɣ¶ѾʼҶ֪үӵ˼֣صذο
ʵϣϻصĳ֣ҶΪĿĲá


616 ϵì
еƣһǹϵԭһΪ顣
ôҲû뵽ֽǼպþͱˣһôƢȻҳˡ
϶ķҲǱȽģΪֱȽ³˵ֶΣҲûеõ֪ͨڱñȽϱ
ԲүүһʹرʾҵֻҪ飬һҶ棬ڸ߲ʧ֣ȴû뵽Ȼ֪ˣŪڴҶȽġ
ʵҲǣĹϻ˶ʲôһ³⣬һγԿɾʹˡ
ļ棬Ѿ˵ʲôˣϾҲ󣬹ȻȥˣӰǺһЩģھ߶Ĺʽ̳ܶ࣬һѡ
ƾԼı£ټϹ˼ҵķһ⣬ӦòǺܴġ
ʧȥ˼ҵô߲λԱҲδؾͻ̫ǰЩˡ
ڵﶼȱ˲ţȱֻǼ𹻸ߵĲֶѣûӸλĲǻʶ飬Σǧôгͷ֮գ
гίеĹŽͬ־Ƿͬ־ôһ·Ǩͻ˸ҵ谭λϣ
ڹٳȻҪȴҪģľӪǾĹؼ
Ҷƽɽ¶ˮǻһȫһֱƣⲻͳίԱ۾һ
ãԼʲôȱ˲ΨһȱľǻᣬϿᣬҪϧһдۣһֶΣλãɳ˲ܹ˿ŷõһĻᡣ
ǴĻҩǴûеġ
ڹ飬ʵǷǳģֻұ˸طҲûϢɵżһ¶ǲðˡ
顣Ͽ˺һۣҡҡͷɫҲǺܺÿԺʲô飬Ҫı󶯣һε飬ִ̫ˣҶô᲻֪ĹȻ㣬ҶҵĹϵӣȻҲЩأȴþӶ࣬Ҫ̵ְ
ڳ䣬ȻʶˣеģҲڵĳǰȣѾͬˡ
ǰĳӸλˣԻȽϿҲдֹۣڿϳ¼ҵڶȫûٳʲô˲ˣеĲУҲûܹ֧żĶ
ֵز˵ѾԼδʧˡ
ڻһӰ佫ȫ˼˱Ҷ档
ԹϾúų֪֮׹Ȧ֮УǳڰԸҶʵδǳúﵽԼĿġ
Ϊ˰ҶҶҵĵôںǷᱻ
ǵ͵Ѳƶ˭ܹĽԼǰ;ѹأ
ҲǺ飬͸һĻԲŻᱻá
ǣһġӦȴЩΪȻ
Ȼϼ޻ǺҲΪԼôɵᱻˣˡ
һε飬Ǹպñǵ̸ҲôǷϲ֪Ļ˭Ҳϳһֲ߻ġ
ҶҲ²йϵȴòʲôѱû֤ݵ飬ʲô˵أ
˭ҲΪеĻɣ˵ΰɣ
ҶȻȨƴ󣬿Ҳһ죬Ͼǵķڵģڽͬ־ԽԽҲҶҼȥ
֮ڣӦѾȥˣڲǶ༫֣ҶھΪԼϵȡԴ÷չҶһ֧ʷѾһȥˡ
ϳɾ˺ı飬֪Լѣûзϣɵǰջ˵վǾ٣ʶ٣֪ζĲпԡ
ʱ򣬰Ҳա
ҡҡͷԺ˵ˣǱ߶ɢģʱͱˣˣҲͻˣʱ˵˵ҲûˡʱĻǲ˵
ǡˣùϲûΪͷԼŷ
վ֪صģȻûиϵȴ绰֪ͨ˼棬ҲǵĹ䣬
ձͶǱ߶⼸컹Щ˵飬ǷǳģϾ˴ˣܵһЩòеģϣ΢һЩĿ̸ԭúõĿƫƫôһӣƽҶСӿЦ
վЩ˼ǲˡᵽ¶̲ס䣬ȻͶ̣þʽ̸У˽µĽӴҲӦעӰ졣㿴㣬Ҫȥʲôưɵģձʲô㲻𣿹ڶǵӡΣѵ֪ҿ¶ģ¶ǲġ
˹ϵĻܲ
ʵʱˣ̸ôģ޷ǾǼҪһԳԺȺȵģͰѹ̸ˣΣڻ̸Уֻй֮Żôɡ
ϸ̸һӣʹ뿪ˣ˵Ҫ˯
վЩѷɫˣɡź뿪ıӰϺ̾˿
ǰûоΣϾڲίʱ򣬱ֻǲģڿȥ˻㣬ûд򿪣ˣռƵĿҲ⣬ƫƫ˳ĹȥҶ
ùϵֻ˵ƣȡᡣ
ĽӰˣȻǹġ
Ҳ֪ԼѾܴˣûʱȥһȽ˶ĽӰˣȻëǴϻеٮٮߣҲûʲôӺʵѡֵصˡ
ϣܹɳɡϰѰ˼
뿪˹˼֮󣬾ͽӵСҰк;һĵ绰кȥ档
˵طʹһֱĿꡣ
ȥ֮󣬲ŷһֳɵôüͷ
Ͼ֮ǰ飬µģձҲǹĲ˳ʺձ˴һ٣ûлָȻˣ޷һۡ
ⲢǺҪĵ飬ҪģֻǺͬѡ
ձ˵ͶʣͿԽԼڽеƯƯȻٽʥкϲĻᣬǰ
Ͼ߲һλǰǷϵ飬ֻҪϷ֧֣ܲ˵ġ
뵽Щ;ձҲôĿˣǾͲͯһӲӵذԼǰ


617 ҵı
Ȼ˵СҰеͲͯӣǮȴôõֵġ
˫ѾͶʵ̸˺üΣȻûдﵽ˫ĳ̶ȣںܶ棬зġ
ڴ£еǳǡ
ļƻͶȻԽ罵ʥԽã˳Ĳʱ䣬ܹԼĹ룬ͬкϲ֮ǰֳĿܿĻҪۿˡ
ɣҵ⣬ϵСҰҵĺͶʰȫһҪǷǳǳϸġСҰȻ̰ɫ¶棬ȴñȽ׼˺ļȻҪúõһܵġ
ʲôԥأʾԴ˲ܹ⣬ĴֳĿҪģձˣˣӢˡ¹ˣֻҪܹͶʺͼģǶǻӭģǲܵһ档
СҰиһֹȻͶԺ˵ǵĹϵͶʵĿ΢΢Ӣ˺͵¹̫ңԶˣǵ˹̫ߣòģҲֻձˣһ´ˮĹϵԸǡ
СҰ̸˺ܾãûܹЭ飬ձӵθ̫ȫǰ֮ǰ˵򵥣ǮҪõ֣治ô׵ġ
ϵԽãϵѹԽ󣬶ǾԽ
зƣż̧ͷһ͸زľƺҶӰԻŮӣһعͷǹĺ磬ɵпһӡ
Ҫȥ𣿡ҶƺǳȤϵ⡣
ţҪɡҶͷȰˣȻҾҪȥˡ
Ҷһ룬һҲҪѰŹ˵һүǱ߶Ҫ飬ȻǺܷģ֤鲻ʲôۼ
Ǳ߶ôҺȥ˵
ͦһУǧ˰ɡҶشЩ꣬ȾһЩܶˣлĻҪȥתתģȻԺȥЩͳ۾Ҫʧˡ
˵鵹ҲǿţڿɿԵʣˮܵƻܶǧţǧ궼ûиɺԹȪˮȻ˶Σ϶˾÷ǳõ飬Сķ潲оܵӰ죬ҵܵ˳ķ潲ǷˮⰡ
¹طˮͱȽˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ǶϰնԣⷽеĺܣⷽķԽԽ࣬ŪҲͷһʱ֮ҲòʲôЧĽ취
ڵһìܣ÷չٶˣǻƻˣǰҵķչ·һģŷޣҲȾصģ⼸ʮָЩȻȽ˽⣬̸˹һЩӡ
Ⱦʼղǽİ취Ҷᵽ¶ͱʾʵڶǶԣѾкܶԼ˻ͷչİ취ܹˡ
ΪʲôأѾӻ˳ҶĻɵúطһ䡣
ͶˡҶشһ쵼ߵ⣬һǾƣһǻɲȱʶоǾʹþ徭ӪҵԸⷽͶ룬оǵطʢУʹϲļܺѳ׽Щ⡣
鷳Ҳһ׵顣˵
ʵһЩ˹Ū鷳Ҷ˵ٸӰɣձ˺ʵ޼ų֮ǰԭϲûɽȻձ˵Ľ£ɽȻɽĳɱֳԭɳĮǳءȫǧı̬ļ񻯡طҲ˲ʵĽɫǺǰ򻻳ɽһֻܳ20ͷĲԭ120ͷԲݶɽ򡣾Զ̬˶ӵĵǰ棬νľ÷չ
Ϊʲô˵򻻳ɽ򣬾͵˲ԭɳĮŮӶĹؼڣɵЩɻطʵ
ΪɽͬǲԲݣϲԲݸҶ͵ǰ˷ǸȺͣߣȺ˵رĲݣԲݸв˶ãݾ³ˡڲͬˣ˳аģҲܸȺܣڴĽëȺҲվôһݾͲˣɽ˵رĲݣҪԲݸʱһݾͼ٣ؾͿʼĮˣͷˡ
˼˵ձʶֳɽƻǵĲԭʵ
ⷽԭ򣬵ǰƵձϣҲƽҶشطĹԱǾģҲڳֻ˵ձûģڵĸɲֻϰյʵôһ仰Ĺˮ죿ڸɲƣˣµ鷳ǼߵģôԼġ
ҵıЩп˵
ƵʵܶġҶ˵ڹڵĺܶߣõĶձ豸ͼļ˼ҵ棬˵ģԸҵȻչʺȷʵձ˵С
ʵڷձ˵սձȻ˶ԻԪΪȴûгԿԻзͬʱձѾռ˹ڵĹг֮ͰѳڶҵȨ
øҵ˵ǲǿ˸߶켼ͬʱҲӿʯ¢ϣҪ֪ʹձĸߣڿʯڿʯҪǱȽϿ̵ģԹڵϵʸҵȻܹһЩΪ߶˵ĸֲģȴͶ˱ϵͶ̸סˡ
ṩʯϸֲָġ
粻ɵðһȻ뵽ʲô⡣
Ҷ綼Ūùе˼˵ڸձ̸ͶʣҲ˵Ҫڽнֳģ᲻Ҳͬ⣿
ǿ϶еģձ˵۵㲢ڿʯ棬ǿǱ߶ĸۿڣнߵĻϻءҶ˵Ǳ߶ǹҵĺܶ߶Ȼ̵ܹģСӵҰȻңȴ֪ΪʲôҪǣ
Ϊ˰ȥ£ǵٶģ˹ʲôҶһ۵
ҶЦȻ֪ԭ򣬵ȴ˵ڣȻˣҲŹκһĺĻᣬŮԼֺǸʲôУòġ
Ȼˣձ˵ҵıҲҪ߶ȾģǺĸǩʲôļҲҪԴģ¶治ʧ


618 ڼ
Ҷע⵽Ķ̷˿γһ̶̵С
ô̷ˣҶָָԺСЩʵ
ǰ̷еʱ򲻴·ЩԼԺСеƵ˵
ʵ̷㣬иԡǳͬö̷ǳԾ˵
˵еһ㶼Ը̫ǿŮԶ֮Ȼʵ
ǿҶģƺǺǿŪҶЩ⣬˼һ£ȻŻشڴ˶ԣӦġ
ʵ˵ûڴ˵ŮӦиĶŵӣ̫ǿ˲ƿأһȨ棬Ȼǲ̫ȺģûĸϣԼŻŮ̫ǿơ
ǿƵţôҪô˱ΨΨŵŵӦ棬Ҫô˫̫ǿ޷ĥϣյ·֣ӲŲȴûʲôĽĻǱֻҪĥˡ
ⲻƽŮƽˡȻҶ𰸺ܲЩԹرʾΪʲô廹ôʢУⷽ滹Ǻ
ҶıԹ̾ЦʵҲӣֻĳЩҵ΢һЩ磬Ӧ˵һȨᣬĻҲʲôŮȨ˶֯ÿ¶
ҿҶĴͺء˵
ûе¶ҺŮӡҶʾ
һı飬ȻŹĸ첲ŮǰţСƨŤÿҪɢˣҶ۾еΡ
ŮһһĶ̷һһѣԸԱʱ˵ǾȻܳΪкѣȷʵ˸еǳȣ߲²һ£νԸ񻥲
ֲŮгΪٺϵҶһ䣬˸̣Ƶظںš
ΪʲôͻȻ̷˵ҪҶ滹ǶеģŮˣȻԼܶĵˣȻҪԼעޣǾóƮݣԷעɡ
ֻҶȻ˼ȴֻװͿѣϾ黹Ϊãү˵ƼôǺǵģһĸŮʲô飬Ū޷ʰһŭҪҶĺÿˡ
ЩԹ˱˵Ҫǻǣǲʲôģº׷ҲҪһʱ֮졣
ǣͽͨģҶ̬ȣҲǾԶ֮ɡ
˵ҪΪļģֻһʱ֮Ҳ֪ʲôΪã浹ǷǳҶ⡣
Ҿã·ʲôĿ϶ͲҪˣǱ߶ĻࡣҶЩ飬ǲôעģͻȻ⣬ҲеͷһܹܵĶɡ
飿ˣֹ粻˵أΧ󰡣
̳תƣʱҶڹ̨淢ĿˣЦ
͹ЦҲɵøȥ̨ʱǴһӣȻҲЦ
ڲ̨棬һĴڼŮϷǳϸ£˸е̾ģһŮȹӣƮƮһŮţп㣬̷ɣŮŶԷЦǰ
Ҷһڼһֱֺӵĸоƺǿ˹ˣԥؾƼ
˵а˾ŷֵءҶЦ˵
С㣬鷳һ£ҪˡҲǷǳϲ̾͸̨С˵
õġ̨С˹ӹ̨µĹ棬ȡһװλκȻ򿪣Ǹڼװȥ
ִʲôطһ˵һ׵ģղûаϣһһǧ˰ٰˡ
ô󰡣ĶҪһǧࣿҶʾЩɡ
רˣǴʦֹѵһĹƷֳĴ·Լ۸ͱȽϸˣһӾֵٿǮˡ̨С͵ǿλ˶λ֮Ҳ˷ôĿࡣ
רôãʲôǱڿͻܹóġ
ּ۸ϸߣǾͨ˰๤ʵĹƷһ˿϶ģҲܻʲôȤǼҪĻҲڻƽʲôģЩȽʵڵĶ
Լİ淭һƱǮȻŹڲ̨ϰŪǴڼ
ôǸеģ翴̨СóڼȻǸкȥе⣬ͷţ˸ī滹̾Щɢɢվ˫ȽţһֻŵĽżŵ棬ѵľһҶ
ҶҲע⵽һ㣬ʱЩȻҲ֪ԵֻʲôȻСӹɫǺϲġ
еľǸͷóβָָ׵˵īаڼЦſ˿ҶоͺڵҶһ
ǰ͵ģҪײҪҶƱ飬Ц˵
翴˿С˶ȻһīаڵŮǰ棬õʱ򣬾ڣǵĵΡ
ȻֽīаڵŮĺ棬˵鲻õʱڡ
翴ˣʱЦʱؿҶһۣȴ˵ðɣ˼ˡ
ҴС㣿Ҳſأоеװǻơ뵽ҶƶŮѣ˵δ޳棬ɵˬֹһ䡣
ʱ̨СѾڼװˣǮƱݡ
뿪˹̨ʵҶǣûбʾһ°ɣ
ôŶ𣿡ҶЦһΰѧȫҰҾͲ˵ʲôʮӢп׼ˡ
СŮˣʱһ
ãЩд˵Ҷٵĳ־ǲһʮӢҪôҵĻôҲҪǷծ⳥ˡ
ҾˡҶˣʱЩЦõ˵
˵ǿЦһ£ӦҲܸӣҶĿһ˵档
ҶŪЩԲûע⵽ı飬ĻҪһݶŮ黳ˡ
˵ԸҶелģе̫Ǹˣ˸ܲˮʲôģΪһɹˣ϶ϣиôǿԸ߶û¶ǿƶײһ
˼˵ҲûҶĹ棬еģȻûбֳʲôΪ⡣


619 ˮ
ʮ壬Ƿǳֵġ
մͳҪٰһ̨ģڴᣬ⻪˸ӰѻһãҪ߶һͳһļ黰
ǰ飬⼸ϵ΢һЩϵͳһĻǳӣľҲ൱㣬˹ٰ֧֣ĹģǿǰģͶҲǾ޴ģļαʷǰġ
ҶʢᵱУȻҲвȻæµµǣȽӰĴǻ϶¶ˡ
ҶǳѵõھǹһԪڣԣֽʵʳƴ
ֵһģ˪֯Ůֶҵˡ
¶ҲҶټģǸͲܵõĻᣬϾҲܸµˣûйϵǫ̂ܵ
֧ˮŮֶӣһ˵ĹעҪԭΪŮҲãഺҸǵģλŮĴŴ綼ǳǰĽμϲϲУȷʵ˶Ŀһ¡
֧ŮֶһӾͻˣ˾̾ͽӵ˺ܶ롣
Ҷмڴˣصڴվٰ칦磬μݳֶ֧ӡ
ˮȻиеѩˣʺƹ㡣ҶϯԼĽ飬߸˵ֶӻӵˣ治ҽ黹Ǵչʮ˰ɣʮʱҲп㣬Ҳװš
ôҶ֮ͷЩ˼˵Ҳ֪˼ԭֶǴʮţҾ̫࣬еڣԾ֣ⲻǴչŮ
Ҷ˶ʱҡͷ˵Ҷ˵ʮӣеѹ̫󣬱˵ʽ棬Ҫ֪װһʮ˵Ķ飬Ͱװһ˶֮ѵĽǮ϶Ǻܲһģٻѵʽһࡣ
ŮֶӾûжģϾУѧƸ̫󣬰·ز˵ĻԼӿɾͶˡ
û뵽ԪڵһݳȻкý˷ǳ㷺ȤݳҲͬѩƬһطҶе֮ǰľеʧˡ
ʱҶʱЩڡ
ʵҲҪ֮ǰйѡĿǣҪ乻ʮԱҲʲô¶Ϸ滹ҪĥһӣһݳǶĻᣬֻҪһûʲôĻ黹ܹġ˵˪ͬѧ¶ǴģΪԸȽϻԾó˼ʹϵԱѡΪӳ
ҶԼҶ϶Ҫհģ˵ĻЩֶӵĳԱǣϾ˶֣͵Ů˵ֱ˵Ҫ
֧棬һ϶ͬѧҲûʲôҪʹҪ𣬽ľһϣìܷǱȽ١
ֻǼ֧֮һӾҪǩʮĺͬ˵ʮ֮ǰǳ˾ˣΥԼĻ⳥ӦǷǳɹ۵ġ
ȻˣҶǵǷǳźģѧԺֵطѧϰǺܽţѧ֮ҲΪܹӮóĻѣѾĻᣬȻѧԱǱ߶ûʲôˡ
ܹõҵ֤ˣûʲô뷨
ʵڵܶ˻ӭܶ˷ԣ˭Ҳ֪ǲǶֵļ̳кͷչҲ֪ôǲȷģ˪ҶԣԵñȽϰʱᵽֵķչҲԼ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ЩŮǶԣ۵ѹҲǱȽϴġ
֧飬Ȼ˾޴ĳɹʢ糱Ͼ˵רҵԱֻۣ˵ǵĿ϶Ͽɣܹײͬǽķչ֮·ȻҪȽϿ
ʵϣھһЩרҽǶԴ˷ǳΪ̣֣ǶԴͳֵĵ߸ǲ̵ģ⼸ıֽ棬ͻһЩ
˪ǻǱȽ˵ģΪֹ˾ıʵǿ߶ҲǷǳչ˵ģһý廹治̫Եؽй˵ĻǵصĶˡ
ʵҪ̫ںҵۡҶԴˣҲһЩʶģֱӵرʾһֱڴƶƸĸǲתģǺܶ鶼Ҫ˳ƶΪڵֽ磬ܶǳ¾ɵģרǵ˼ҲʲԷ⣬ҪһǿȥƶڵԶܹ߳ȥܹӮг飬ʵֽĸĸϵͳҲӦصֵģⷽҶܻȥЭҲţֶ֧ͨӵӰ죬ڵֽ߳¾ɵĸӰ죬
ŮǶҶĻǷǳӭģҿʱЩҲûʲô˹ȻϾ˶֪ҶݣҶܵĵܵܣҸ˪Ĺϵͬһ㡣
˪ڶԵܺãҲҶصչ˵ĶԴĶǳأ˵ҲΪ
ڵŮѧУѾδ˼ʹϵˣһᾭ֮󣬸֪ôദ
ҶҲظҳԷ˳㻹ֵ̽̽ķչʲôġ
ʵҵӡУչмģʽԽһǽֳַɣһɽԭòΪһŶһ糱Ϊȷ֣һ֮УʧȥԭеζҶ˵Ϊģʽ̫ʺֵķչʹҲֵҪأ˵õʮƽɣؾģ崫ͳǷһǰԭòֵûɣԭڹڵļ׷ƣֵĴǿڴڵʽʵֵģÿǽԼ˼ʹ뵽Ʒȥγ˷չʽļ̳Уʹںȷе˽Щֵԭò
Ůǲ֪ҶҲô̵ʶɵЩ
ʲôǴͳΪͳǰµĻŲôǽӹŲĵľӪʹֵˡں˵ǽǵľǴͳֻǹµĲǴͳҶ˵ǡֳĴУ˿Ź⣬˭Ҳϲֽġʽְɡκηչ벻ʱص㣬ڽǴֵĻУҪ벻һӰ죬һ辶չǵ޷ʵֵġرԭòֻʹִǵ˼ԽԶήһʧȥӦеĹЧ
˵̫ˡӳ¶ɵùƳ޵ǵĽˮƽԸϿε˾Ҫʮˡ
˶ʱߴߴ̸׷˵¶ƨС˪ˣ˵Ҫý֪˵Ļѧڵĳɼͱ뼰ˡ
ҶŮ鵹Ƿǳģʵֶ֧ӵص㣬۰ǿֶ֮ͻȻǣǰ϶һһã֮ȻǺĵġ
ܹɹԭ򣬵ȻˣҲòУһ״


620 Ҫе
Թ˷Ҷ˪ȥɢ
ȻһճԹȻ㹻⾩ǵĺҹ
˪ԭҲھǳģȻĮ
ֻ⼸ȥ˽УڴѧӦǱ߶ůʪ򣬴ʱէһǻоЩӦ
·ϵĵƹƣǲû谵˵ӰڵϽţһúܳһֽʧ
ܾãǻġͷ·˪Ȼ˵һûͷûԵĻ
ţҶʾ⣬ָ֪ʲô˼
һֱ˪ĸое䣬ñȽƯףԸȴЩ䵭⵹˵Ϊ˸߰Ƨʲôģ˵ڸ˴򽻵
ʵǰ棬ҶҲܹܵЩ
ֻǵҶײ¼֮󣬹ϵչĽϿ죬Ҳ֣§§ˣûзչʲô̫ܵĹϵ
˪ĸоУƺĹϵѾܹܵļˡ
˲ʽķ޹ϵٽһΪᱻΪһ
ҶҲֶӣҲϣУҵԼȷλϲҵܹʡôȥ
˪ƺ̺һֱȽͷ
ûʲôֻижˡ˪ҶһۣýżȥߵϵĻѩЩȻЩɵĻѩ߷ɣһ䵽Զ
ϣȻһЩˮɫƤѩǵģżܹѬ˵ĺۼ
ԶһȺ̻˦ţҹһĲʺ硣
ܾ£ǰһˣҵŮͬѧڳˡҶЦ
˼˵ǰҺɣ˪ץסҶĻʱĵؽ˷
ɣҲſɰɡҶ֣رʾ
˼˵һǺˡ˪ЩƵ˵ʵҲ֪Ҹ̫Ѿĸ߹٣һǸѧҰô꣬㣬ų˸ŶʮѾˡ
ûϵǵҸסֵķͷҶʱˣĺˣصģֻҪбȽϺõĻᣬ׼Ҹ˭ͷҲܸͷ
˵˪ϰлҲ൱
ֽҵϣķչһǧݣΪίǽίίģӰǰʱ򣬿Ǵͬˡ
Ͼ˳ί֮󣬾ͿԲ뵽ίһЩشߵȥҲΪָֽ߲ӣ˶ԣҲڼǿί쵼
Ϊһʵ͵쵼ͶڹĻ̬ȣҲģǸ򽻵󣬸Ƕλ¹Чʼߵ쵼ǳӭ
ҲƣԶ͵⣬ҶûйĹֻҪҶƽ;˳͵ƾͲʲôۡ
ٴڵҶҵͷȻǿҶĽܼ͵;չҲʲô⡣
֪˵ĲǸ˪˺ߵʵҾùԽ󣬾ԽûˣҪְһ棬Ǻݳ޵飬ϵǺܶ࣬趼Ķ౧Թˡ
ûа취ˡҶԴҲûʲôκΣڵĸɲһڹϵĲǺøɲ֮ͺöˣϾҪĴԱȥ飬ܶࡣҪģǰٵʱɡ
Ȼ֮ȻæͶǿȾСˣҲиϾʱ䣬ȷ˵ȶȼ٣ϢϢʲô岻ʣֱסҽԺ칫Ҳûʲô⣬ɶȾʹˡ
˲ܹ֮⣬Ǻܿɡ
Ȼˣ־ϷչĸɲԣȻǵһλġ
ʵֻ˵ǰԽԽˡ˪ЩƵ˵ǰڸеʱȻҲôҫۣǸ˵ĸоͬѧָоҶĺøУҲǺĹϵ
ҲһѵΪͬѧʵܹı𣿡ҶЦҿ̫ˣǰżݳѵĽʽ
ҰҵҲܹע˪Щյ˵ȻûʣòĴ֮ĹϵҲҸеǳա
ӶŮ飬ȻĵģȻҶ˪һȴе绰ϵÿŮӵҶĵ绰֮󣬺Ȼü֮ϲɫô᲻ŮͶҶ֣
ֻȷʵķģΪΪ˸ĸģȻϣԼŮܹõõĽиʵĹҸŮȻ⼸涼ʲô⣬ڸ鷽ȴ˵ǡ
ϾҶĻעģ˪ôϲҶҲܸʲô
ԣڶµľŮݽȥ޷԰Σ˵Լ
ֻֻòȴܹ˵򲻵״Ůĸ飬ҲöԲסԼ֮Ҷƽӡ
飬ȷʵ˸еĵġ
˪ҲǱѩ֮Ȼܹܵĸеǣ飬Ͼͬڵȼ۽ͬҶĸȻôŨңȴǴѧʱģҪ˵ܹɷ£Ҳʵ
ڴѧֻУȻܶ࣬ǵԾóҶȽһ֮󣬾;ʵ̫ˣ벻Լ۽硣
Ϊ㣬Ҹˣһ˸ˡ뵽Щ飬˪ɵǧӿͷ˵
Ҳã¶ԹҡҶôһޣʱҲû⣬ֻǽ˪§ڻУĺ󱳣ο
һ紵˹ϵҶɪɪ
ܹ֦֮ͷҶǾ޽Уڴ쵽֮ǰվҪȥģ³´лȴܹıĹɡ
ҶЩҶӣҲɵ̾˿
ôЩµծȷʵеˡ
ЩʮĹԱǲͬЩѾȶļ֮ͥеְȨȡŮɫԼĺ󹬡
Ҷķ䶼Ѿôծ
˵ʷصԭʱܹһѡĻһЩҪ˵ϷԼЩŮǣҲǲ顣
ʵÿһ˶ԣľҪһɫŵŮˣȻܶǲ֪ܣµͷʱ򣬲Żףһǵѡȴ̫ˡ
ͷʹҶ§˪ҲǸӵúܡ
ﰡȻŮȴ¶ǼŮҲﾭҶ˪
ճ˷ҪġҶͷʾ⣬ûзſҪ뿪˪
еʱ򣬾ҪֵһЩǵʱſ˪Ļ˵ֹ֪֮ϵ
˪ԣ͵͵ڵΪܡ
ҶȻģȴǸûеˣȻֻжʮꡣ


621 ûа취
Ȼ˪ҶĻ΢һ£ûЧ֮ҲͲˡ
ҶҲееŮƺһӾƽ
ȻҶжܴ֧֣ʵظܵҶİԼҶ֮ľġ
ǰҶ֮ȻͨǵԱ֪Ҷ֮󣬾ͲǺ֮ܿ飬Ȼû˵ʲôôģ˪ġ
ڶ棬˪ûнԼݱ¶ԴҲֻһͥԣͬѧѡ
ҶҵĹĴ˪ôһͨѧӵòͶ˵֮⣬ҲַسֵùעŮȻЩӵǵǴҶ̰ͼòѡ
ܹԸ⽫ŮȢؼҵĸӵܻڹǣȴǷǳǳϡ٣ϾЩŵУȦŮǶЩƿõʱȻãҲۣǶǵļҵȴûʲôһЩӰ졣
ԭЩҪʲôģĺѣԸˣҲġ
ԣҶ˪ҶĹϵ
ֻǽȻǰһ¶ֻ֮Ķ˲ž̾ԭ˪͸˼ҶӺõ̶ֳˡ
Ҫ֪ԸܣҶĹڣ϶ǲԸǵĹϵعġ
ԶؾͿǣöŶһŮЦ˵
ǰǸͬѧġҶҲЦ˵ǲһģΪ׷ҿû¹ίԱҾר˳裬л̨ͬݳַ֮Ѿ˼ӮĺøСôӮŮͬˡ
ô˰˪ǰʹûи˵һŮ͸п˵Ϊʲôô๫Ӹ׷ǵŮκλᣬԭҶˡ
Ǻǣ𣿡ҶЦô˵ҵܸ˰Ƿִأ࣬ƽʱֻܵ绰ϵ˵æʱ͹˲ˣÿʱҾеģһ˧ҵ˪ƭˡ֪ˣ˪滹Ǻеλ
Ů˷׷ЦҶΪ˷ǳȤôõļ˳Ҳ˧ǧ谮һĺŹӣƫƫ˪˰мӣ˵ŮõĶˡ
Ҳ֪˪ΪʲôôҶˡ
Ľǡӳ¶͸пȻ뵽Լ飬ɫЩ
ʵЩŮǣٵضϵ⣬Ȧ̫ˣÿ˶˪ֱܹӾܾЩջĽ˪ҶͬʱҲԼлˡ
ȻڴҶֵһ֣ʮ֮أഺڣβƿʼ͵͵ֵʱмܹİͼͥ
ŮӶԣǶ㲻ȥ
ҪĽǡҶ˪§ţŮ˵һϻԵĪˣʵֻҪÿ˼Լ룬Ͳᱻ˻ÿˣվҲҵԼǷݶ氮
ͣһ֮Ҷ˵ţҿҶܸǩǷݶͬȻ˵ʮеˣҲǱһǩģֶܹӵĳɼһŶӵı׼ҾͻҶܶһݶĻر
жôأ¶Ƿǳġ
Ǻǣ൱ǼˣôҶЦ
ۣ𣿡
ҪͺˣԺˣҲԼ顣
ҪܶǮˣ˾Ӧ𣿡
ҶҶӵĸ磬ô᲻Ӧ
ˣȻǳ˷ܣϾԺΣ˭Ҳ˵ܹϻ÷񲹳ĻʮĳԼĲʲô
һʱǵԺͬʱֻ÷ĽǮرûʲô飬ܹǸеôˡ
˪Ҷӣǰףǰͷϣ¶˵غ
ôһ壬˪ɫҲȻǶеЩΪˡ
ȴҶǰʾ̬ǵʱӭȢˣҲ
ûϵˣܻа취쵽֤ģʵЧֻ֣ǲվǰ̨ȥˡǵȦ棬ýȢҶˡҶ͸˪˼͸Ķ˵
Ļ˪̧ͷ֪ҲֺӵܹܲӵеȨˣЩڻ˵Ҷ֮һɡ
ҶٺһЦ˵ʲôأҶ˾Ҷˣûʲô֮һ֮һġ
Źء˪һ
˪ҶĻȴɻͨ˻һҶϾǸ߼ɲҪ飬˸ץס˰ѱʱǻǳ鷳ġ
¶ͲõˡҶ˵ģûģҲȥ׷̫ˣĻ治ʲô¶
Ȼ˪ˣɵ𾪣⻰ǵ߸ˡ
Щ飬˵ģʱ֪ˡҶҲ͵ֻ̫ǰοҪ˼룬վܹƽơ
ʵҶȻ԰ŶαװݣȻǱܵģҲùҪϾеоٽֳݸĺôǷʹöϷԼ
ԣһͷʹ飬Ҷԣ治ʲô˵ᡣ
˵ǰļίǣֻһҪˡ
Ȼ˪ҶʲôķӣǼģȻҲỳЩ飬Ͼݲͬһˡ
˪ȻԸͬ˷Ҷµ񣬳ôһ·⣬Ҳ벻ԼʲôõѡܲǿԼȥ޸һϲˡ
ֻϣҶİ취ЧԸĸһ
ȻˣʱҶݿ϶ǻˣȻֿһ
ŮǶס߶ľƵ棬˪鷳ҲûлصǵļȥסϾĸǱ߶߶Ѿܾû˹ʰˣʱסһҲûôҪԻסƵ꣬һҲиӦ
Ҷ͹ȥ֮󣬾ͻ˼
ʮӵʱֽӵ˵绰Ѹոյͷ˯µˡ
ãҶҶеҵģ죬ÿ춼飬æеˣյͷ˯£Ҫ˯þȴֱ绰ѣҶ϶ǷǳˬģҲûжٿġ
˵ܹɫģûмˣ⼸˶ǲܶĻƢܰݵġ
Ҷãɽǵغס绰ȽϹٷһ˿ĸоȴɽǵġ
ãʲô𣿡ҶЩ㵵ѯʵ
غûʲôԷô绰Ȼû¶ɧô򵥡


622 ܹ
ҶãѾˣ֪ҲھԼ档غڵ绰˵
硭ã˵ʱ͵صɡҶ΢ԥһ£Ȼͬˡ
û⣬ǾŵӣӶʡפ졣غ˵
áҶͷӦ
˵绰֮һʱ֮䵹˯ˣҶ˵ƣȻ˸̵̳ʱȴֱ߶ûд񫲢󣬸ɴ̵һ߶ȻԼ˱ˮ
ɽͻȻȻû¶й䣬ĴǿԼҪĿˣֻӶʡҶҲ˽һЩ޷Ǿ£һǷչãһǽʷ⣬˵ʲôøǿ϶ɨط
ڷչ÷棬˵ϷһҵкҪڻ˷֯Ʒ췽ݣʷⷽ棬ǶүӸҶ𵽵ľӿĿƽ˵ɨطһЩȻ˵ɽͿʼֲ֣ҪЧĻҲǶʱ֮ھܹġ
Ҷһӣ;ɽǴص㣬ƾǺĿԾӶࡣ
һ˯ʱĵ绰ִˡ
٣㽻б仯ˡڵ绰˵
ʲôҶ˵ҽˣô֪һ
ǰƣѾҵʿľڵ绰˵ڰ̥Ӧˡ
ŶҶһе
Ƶ飬ʼеһöݣҵ䣬Ҷǲ֪ӦôˣϾҪ뿪ԼѡȻ˵ʱȷʵһЩǱȽ鷳ȥĻδؾһõѡ
٣ҪҪ˽ʵ
ˣʱȱ𶯣ʱĶ򣬲Ҫ˾ǡ飬ٿǿǡҶҡҡͷ˴¡
һ顣˵ѾܵĴǵǸ˱дعļˡǺֵ飬òܳȥˣȻǳԴҩ𣿡
ŶҶ⻰е⣬תһ룬ˣ϶ǹ˳ǷӦˣҪѶӸŪȥ
֮ǰ˱뿪ǣȥ˰Ĵǣ϶ǹ˳ǵ⣬ʱĻΪ鷳ԲŻҪù˱ع
Ҫ֪˱ڹڵĻܶ鶼ܹƵ˵ͷϣһ뿪֤ȷηǱӣһ꼰ĸ˳Ϊף϶ѲΣֻһܹǣ
Ҫ˳ǣҲȫˣõĽҲ˾Ӷȥ
¶Ҫǣһµģ߾ߡҶĥһ£Ͷ˵㿴Űһ£Ǳ߶ŪڲܳоͿԡ
򵥡̾Ӧ
Ȼ˵鱨ܲƣǰ鲿ĵӣһС»ûģʲôڣù˱Ǳ߶鷳޷˳
һηµ绰֮ûɧˣҶһ˯˴ϰ˵㡣
΢ʰһ£˵ֱȥ˺Ӷʡפ졣
غ׵ؾͺſˣҶͰӭ˽ȥ
ˣùվſڶҶ˵
ûʲôҲǸո쵼һغ˵ҶΪ쵼棬֪ǰһ˵ǾŵӼ棬ٰ˵Ӧ߶Űɡ
ǿҶ־;ŵˣ̵߶
Ȼˣغ׶Ҳ֪һҶ϶ǺģɽҲôСС;ܹΪĸɲȻҲʲôͨ˼ҵӵܡ
ǻͨ˵ĻӦûѧɣߴ򹤶ѡ
ɽǣغױѧûѧƽ״һ㣬Ǻ洦ģ۶Էĸǳغ׶ķܺã˵ӡ󲻴
ɽ͸¶ĿڷƺҲȽ⣬ȥθ
ʵ͹غױ˵˵ڲλƺǺܿأϣȥɽݵĹ⻷ãķչ϶ǿԿģǴᣬδеϧˡ
ڲȻҲʵݣȴûִӻĻᣬķչҲԱȽխ
غױ;չϻһЩ׳־ģԲ뷨
ҶԹغ׵ӡ󲻴ȻѾʮˣǸĴȴҲѵãҲȽأܹŵʵλ϶һǿ֮ġ
뵽ҶҲɵðЦһЦ֪ʲôʱʼЩɲ֮ǲԾҪͷƷһǲǺϸ˲ţʲôзչǰ;ǷܹΪԼá
˵ѾȫӦΪλߵݣʼΪԼΰˡ
㵹УھһǴ¡ɽǼҶ֮󣬾Ц˵ȻзԱ衣
Ҳû취飬ǴţЩ鷴ǲ׽ҶɽǣһҲţȺ˿ڲˮȻʵ٣һҪˣ֪ʲô
еӣæˡɽǵһҲ⣬ֱӾ͸Ҷ˵
ôһӣ¶ǲðɣǶеѰ飬Ҿ͸ûа취ˣҪ֪ҿûжġҶһ̯˫ֵ
ҲҪƣ¶¹غӶʡǧ׵ĸΪӶʡĸɲܲԹۡɽǵȻܷŹҶ˵ˣ˵Сһ治֪˭ˡ
ʲô¶ѵҪȥҪҸ治졣Ҷ
ȷʵҶҵǿȻҶүǸ㾭ùģץǺֱۣӸǮ򽻵ĲλҪĵĸ࣬˵үǼң͸ԨԴʾɱ鼰˼˵һ仰Ǻܹõġ
ҪǮҪȨɽ˵Ҳ֪ģӶʡкܶĿоģǵĹ˺ܴĲ㣬һιϣܹ⣬ίйزЭһ£ЩĿƽطǾҶͬ־һ治֪˭ˣҸûʲô飬ԻҪһ£ȻЭźá
¶Ҷ֮󣬾üͷǶүүǸŶҪ滢ڶʳǺѵģҲšҿһǱ߶ûʲôʡõĲϰȥҪǸ׵
غһ߶ţе𶯣ԭίҶϯȻҶĶүүô˵ҶǬͬ־үүˡ
ֲɽô鷳֮ûȥұˣֱӾҵҶҲȷʵֻ״򿪾ȱڣ˻ûôӡ


623 ɿ
غ׵Щ𺳣ֲҶôеһɽԭ˼ҵ񣬶ЩڲݸĸɲȻûʲôɼɵġ
ô˵ӵ;ϾƵģغ뵽Լ;ȻҲǷǳ˳ǼΪѵõĻǸ˼ȣվǲ̫ࡣ
ã⻰˵ģɽǺȻһɳķ֣˵һм飬ǸйصģҶͬ־Ȼô£ҾͲ鷳ˡ
ҶŲˮȣɽ⻰֮󣬲ɵЩȻ
֮˵Ļ޷ǾΪΪɽΪ˾ЩĿ飬ҪҶүȥ˵ôҲû뵽ɽȻ¿˳Ͱˡ
ôǵãӶʡҲûʲôҪǮĵط߶ҲûʲôĿŷųĴǿɽӣƺʲôʽȱڡ
ǰɣŻ飿ҶʱЩüˣⱭˮҲûζˣⲻû¶¶ƾոԼ鷳
һԣһޣܲ쵼ſڿӰɡɽǵϲЦտȻҶóѣе⡣
ʲôĿо˵Ǹ鷳󣿡ҶЩʵ
Ǹٹ·ǸĿ¶ɽǵȻɡ
ٹ·Ҷˣʱһ˵Լôˣ
˵ҲΪӲĵȽ϶࣬Ҷû¶ڱɽǸס˻ȻҪ˵ĻɽҲûʲô취ǾĿ¶Ͳ˼ˡ
Ͼ˼ɽҲֻΪһ¶үӣȻЭ˵ЩûѣûһҪʲôĿģǺܹ֡
Ҷڸٹ·¶йҶҵͷ
ǺӶʡҲ޽ٹ·ˣҶ뻹װͿȽϺãܲܽȥ
ʵǰЩʱ򿴣Ҷѵʱ򣬽ͨ񸱲ĹӲܽɾ˵飬Ҷ֪Ӷʡȡϸٹ·Ŀģֻǵʱûк⣬ҺӶʡҲûл̸Ϊʱ硣
ɽǺȻ¶ȻǴһֲ
ǰӶʡҲһӣܾϰյӦõõõĸơɽ˵ǺӶʡʵǲģֻ涼ɽԼ߳ȥٶȣٹ·һҪģʱٹ·ɣͨ򶫲ĳھ˳ˣ÷չٶȻٺܶ࣬ҲӦҸӶʡǰһʵ£һֱȡ
ǣû飬ҵȥҪǮҶ̾ץסɽĻ
ȿȡɽһ죬ⲻæͨһ¹ؽͨǱ߶Ӧ˵ϻɣǱ߶Ҳа취ġ
һίȥ飬еԲ˳ɣҶЦҪȥǱ߶û׼˼һΪҪȥõʲôѱģôң
ɽˣһ㶣˵Ҷ˵Ҳûеġ
ϾǼίڶϵˣͻȻ־ýĿȷʵЩײġ
ǽͨͲǱ߶ᣬҲҶǱס˻òȥ飬ǳҲûʲôƢϾôĿôͶʣ첻ҲΪһʡʡίǣҲ˺ܾöûʲôЧ
ҪһԵģҲǿԱͨġɽǵǲȱ⣬ֱӾŵٹ·ĿĻҲҪǿģҾ㵣Ŀĸ鳤ҲиʦˣΣ
鳤鳤УҶЦʵ
鳤ҡɽǵһ۵
ǺǣҾͲˡҶЦŻش
ٹ·ǮĴ¶һٶ๫ĸٹ·۶жʮڣȻ˵ʡҲһֱ飬Ҫϣõ֧֣ͨоôͶ룬϶Ҫз򽻵ģĻʡҲûôǮͶȥ·
ӶʡȻԴʡԴʡͨһֱǺ˳ܶ࿪˷ڹ·ˣϵߴӶĹ·ڳھش󳵵Եʣ˷ǳأͨѣҲ⡣ɽǱʾԴҵκӶʡ֮󣬾Ϳʼ⣬ҲʡһȻҪȫƶ飬ȡʡٹ·ʵ
Ҷͷʾ⡣
Ա߶Ĺغ׾Ͳ˵·ȻǺ¶ʡҲãʡҲãҪ޽ٹ·뷨ֻ֧֣ԵҲܴҪԭǣͶʵе󣬺ܶ˶ΪԺӶʡڵԣͻȻҪϸٹ·ĿʵЩøԶԽͨ߶һֱ谭ģʼͨ
оǾϵѹɽҲ˵ٹ·ۣǧһңȻˣʵʽе׳̶ȣͶһЩ֮࣬ǱȽϰɡٹ·ȫһʮңԤͶʽʮڣдԼķ֮һʽҪнġҲǰûйģԸҲһֵ֧ģзԵġ
Ҷ֮󣬾Ϳʼĥ·¶ڷչãô࣬ͨϰյҲзǳӰ죬ԺʲôģЧʾˣ·Ϻķôʱ䣬ⱾǽԼԴԼ˳ɱ
Ҫ븻·仰˵ûһٹ·ͨĻ͵Ǵ˺Ӷʡغĳͨʱһ쵽ϣɹǺܴġ
ʡͷãЧʣҲǵĺӶʡĺܶʣ˳
Ϊһ½ʡݣҪذΧغ߳ţȷʵźܶѣܶϰΧʡҲϣһǿʡԼ
Ͼ֮Ǵھϵģ˼ǿˣˣڸ쵼ľУһҫ۵ͬžߣҲһ־޴ѹ
ԣӶʡٹ·ô׾޵ġ
Ӷʡһٹ·ڽͨ޷ٵѹ϶һط
ӶʡһĲ룬Ҳʮڶѡһһٶ๫ĸٹ·Ҫʮң·һ޵׶ҲѹָԴ˶ЩìˡҶԴȻҲֵܱ¶̫׽Ծüͷ˵Ӷʡ·Ǵ¶ϵǧףСҶҲ̫ˣɣȴһ£Ƿܹһ˵
ӦõġɽǵͷȻڲί˼꣬Щط̫ܵ٣ĹϵСҶӦþͱȽϷˡ
̫ˡɽǣҶǱȽ𾴵ģһΪĸ߼ɲȷʵǳѵãҿʱ磬Ҿ͸Ҷϯ绰Ƿܹʱ䣬һԸ
òˡɽ˴ϲû뵽Ҷô˵
غһԿˣаԵͷҶҵӵܹȻǻˣ֪䣬Ƿ˺ܴ飬ƫƫһҲУ˲Ű


624 żȻ
Ҷܿ͸үӴ˸绰ȻүӺܸӡ
ǺǣǣҶϯпնȥί緹Ҷ绰֮󣬾ЦŶɽ˵
̫ˡɽ֮󣬷ǳˡ
Ȼ˵ɽǸͬ־һЩԨԴվǺܹܽκӶʡǣҪΪԼĹƷõ˵ĿأҺӶ߶ΪԴأȫһҪԣȻǲԶҲҪһλƷиеĸɲ
ɽֻǸոսίУүƶίԱʵʸˣǱȽϴġ
Ҿ߶ƽʱ򽻵Ǻܶ࣬ҲԵüһҶţүӣȷʵǺܴӡ
ǵزҶϯЩȥɽתͷԹغ˵
غӦһתʹ绰Ըȥ
Ӷʡפ߶ǲȱЩزʲôģϾҪЩӭ飬Щ׼ġ
Сס桢ҺɳزӶʡ߶ǷǳģҲһЩǵСԣҲܵģϸɲϲġ
ڿսʱڣӶʡǸݵˣԵʱĺܶɲǣ߶פںӶʡĻǳϤںӶʡʳҲи飬ЩزȻȥֵǮȴǺܶǵθڣҲĲ
Ҫʲô̾ƹȥǰ¶Ļ׻¶ƢõϸɲֱӾͰѶӳģ˵ֱǮ֣¾Ǹ˵ˣϾϸɲǣƷж˾ġ
ܿģפ߶׼ֻӣ˲ز
ҶˣҲû˵ʲôϾⲻ͸ĶҲԽ޴ҡ
ҵĳӹȥɣפĳ̫ۣҶϵáҶ˸
ҲãСҶˡɽһ£͵ͷͬˡ
Ŷʱ򣬾ͺǱҶĳӸһ
Ҳ̫Ǹ˰ɡǰո¿˽γɽǺǶſһӣ⳵Ҳ̫ˣСҶĳ
Ҵ³ֹ˾ܣֵºüҵˣǮǲȱġҶȻشǣһ㶼ǿĳӡ
ŶһһίǿôõĳӰȷʵáɽǵͷ˵
ʵҵĳҲˣֻӵ͵һЩѣŸճࡣҶЦ
˵ĺԽҰˣֻʶ˺٣Ҳ벻λмίǵݣȻмеļֵԪĺ
ҲûмˣɽǺ͹غףһ֣ҶԼĸ˿ҶĿ˽γɱȥֱίԺ
Ȼ˵ϳҶĳӣɻǺܹص֤үӰ칫Ǳ߶绰֤ʵȻſŷС
ȥ֮󣬾ѾλУˣܿؽ˸ӭ¥棬㣬ͼүҶѾվſӭ
Ǻǣɽͬ־úÿ죬ұҪ¥ӭӵġүЦ˹ɽͬ־֡
Ҷϯ̫ˡɽ˫Ŷүӵ֣Ǽرʾһֱûлݼ컹Ҷͬ־ĸ
ǺǣСϲëһֱУҲûиĹүЦ
£ǺܺõƷʵʡҲһֱܹעҶͬ־ĳɳ׼ӵӡɽ̱ʾ
ɽͬ־˵ò˶ɵ黹ǺõģҲҪ࿴һʲôĵطҪģʡǳ¨ү˵ģǽ˵ɣҸ˺ò裬Ƚһڣůůӡ
úáɽǵͷӦǣȻһ롣
˽֮Ȼǵ衢ˮ
غֱӾͰزˣ
ӶСװǺǣк桢ңǺöҼϴϲˣͷһӹȥүӿ˿ûоֱܾӾˡ
ɽǸү˵仰ᵽ˾ںӶʡһЩĿȨ⣬һӶʡļƻӶʡĿҵȽϻңʡίʡƻúõع滮һ£Щҵϣί쵼ܹ֧֡
¶˵򵥣ҪȷʵһѶȵģ¹ؾ棬ôýģɽҲûһ¾ܹõүӵϿɣֻϣȽһᣬþڴһȽ֪
¶СˡүӿҶһ۵ҲоѴطϵͬ־ǵҲҪչ˵ġҵ˼ǣһ³̳ûʲô⣬ʱί߶һ¡
ɽ֮󣬶ʱϲɫû뵽¶˳
Ϊ֮ǰʡǱ߶ϢǷǳֹ۵ģɽҵҶҲϣܹͨ˽˹ϵͨͬίֱܹϵϣȻٿûл⡣
ǴڶүӵķӦ¶ӦǴϣڽڽ
Ȼǳ˺٣Ҷһͨ绰ͽһ
лҶϯ֧֣ǺӶʡ棬ᾡⷽ鹤ɽ̾ͱʾʡҲһЩȻܶ࣬ҲǱҪеġ
Ӻ͵طһˣ⻥֧֣ⶼӦõ顣үӵͷʾͬ
߶˵Ҷվߵ˴Ǳ߶ƺʲôһ
غ׵˼ڶүӺɽǵ̸ϣûע⵽ҶľٶǴǱ߶ЩҶĶɵЩ죬˵λȻڵúܣʲôʲôԼһ
Ҷվ￴ţͿˣǱˣǰ˻һӵ硣
Ѿͷһнװһе²ߵӣҲ֪Ϊʲô
үү˭ҶȻʶүӵ
үڸɽ̸úˣҶĻ󣬲ɵһ£Ȼͷǳſ˴ϣ˳ҶĿⷽ¿ȥ
Ǳ߶ǸнԱ߶˸СǸҶָԵн˵
ŶǸƼôǰ˵ľүӿһۣϳ˶Է̬ȴǱȽϵȻģȻƼôнǺܸȤ
ҲģƼôǱ߶ӰүҲһ¶вͬͻҲйģԶүӲϲ
ΪƼôǱȽͻģĹҲ̤ʵԶүҲûѹķչϾҶΪߣԲͬﶷ飬һЩһЩ
ҶƼô󲻵һ׵ĵطͷߣȷʵȽȤ벻ƽʱ˹磬ҲôƵʱ
ǲ֪ǸŮһίԺΪʲôԭ


625 ƴŮ
ǸƼôɽǾȻҲ˵Ƽô֣Ҳչ˿
ʱͱȽȤˣλſڴ¿עﲻǸнѣȷʵȽټ
ǰƼôƺܺã׳ɵĴ˶ҲȽϽӥүӵ
үүʲôɵģҶЦʵ
ƨүһȻǿӲɣеıɡ
ҶЦ浹үھȷʵһȽǿӲģǶں⣬һֱսǼ鵺ʡÿ춼Ҫ˷ôĿˮȥСȥ
Щǣ浽Ķ̫߲࣬Ҳܹ¾ġ
ϾڵҪ񣬻Ҫչãûǿľ̶֧֣ûǮڼȻΪֻҪԷȡ˴ʩҪȨı䣬ô߶Ͳ̫ǵС
ֵò̫񻰣ŻСʹһǷʵ
Ƽô໹ǺܲġɽſڴϿһ˵Ա߶ǸŮѾͷ𣿿òŶ֪жûУ
ɽͬ־ýҲȤү˾Ц
ǺǣϲҵԧףҶЩӰɡɽǴ
ǿ˿ûʲô˼˻ȥ̸顣
ҶЩ鲻ȤǶίԺԭǺ档
˵ƼôƽʱԸеģǹʲô˸飬ȴ֪Ůίʲôã
Ҷû¶Ͳͨĵ绰
ĦѾһȽСɵֻȻ࣬ŮõģֻѷȻеЩۣΪⶼ˫շѣ绰ĺͽӵ绰ĶҪǮһһѸַãۺ졣
ЩĴϰԣÿ֧Ԫĵ绰ѣҲʲôϡ顣
ļȻҲȽϸԣϾѧڼ䣬Ȼܸ˼ȣÿµǿԴӼ汨ǧĵ绰ѣඥͨ˴Ĺˡ
ι˭ӵ绰Щˬظһ䡣
ҰҶҶǺЦóĻܳ壬̬ȱȽ϶ӡ
Ҷǲ֪˭ùͷŪǹҩһ
ҶҶͷûһ͵ۿһվǰͷ˵ĸƼôüͷԼһۣʱ⣬С绰ֹҳһ³óһЩ
ʲô˼ҶЦģ
ˣϸ˵ֹһ䣬ʹ˵ﰡҪΪ˴ҪҸʲôģ
ҶˣʱԴǺߣ˵ѾͷҲ֪ôģ˵ɱֱʯȻȻһؼë
Ǻ뿴ôճҲڵ绰ϣҵĴҵˣҪǸҸҴñӣ㿴ôʰ㣡
ñôˣؾھھίֶҧҰ
ܳ㵽ί棬Ӿû취ˣ㣬ҲھίҶ
ǵʵеˣܵؿڸƼô˵λɫǲÿԼҲǹֵֹģǿʲô֮Ψֲ
˵ƼôʱɫѾһƬˡ
ȫţھίԺ棬ϵ϶ͳֱӰҲùﶪۡ
ͬѧһиҪȸˡƼô˵λƺЩԾϽʹùģҴ뿪ˡ
ƼôԼھУͬѧҲƵ뿪вɵ߷ǳתͷʲôʲôʱϴˣ
飬ûбҪ㱨ɡһƼôʺᡣ
㡭Ƽôŭͷһ˹ȥ
ң类ƼôһƣʱҲе£Ȼͽкƾʲôңֲƣƾʲôң
ŮҾʹ㣡ƼôˣС
ͬѧǰƼôǴʧӣһŶ𣬴ʱŮеŭйˡ
ԭͬѧи쵼ĺƷвӦ̸ۼ޵ͣҪҸӱŮƼô˷ǳȤר̴ϻίԺġ
û뵽ڴ²鲻ԸҶ绰ĻᣬϧҲҪ¶ˡ
˼ͬѧǶĴˣƼôȻ޹⣬ǾüŲңŮܻˡ
⸸Ů˵Ƣ𱬵ģȻһð˻Ƕŭ
бҴҲŭˡ
ΪҲ𣿣Ƽô۵ɵñͷ
İֻҲˣŭģҪȽȥ
ȿȡ
ͻȻһԴ˹
нͬ־עУôܹھίԺ棬ͨȺڶ֣
˭ƼôûҹԼ¶ˣ¾ͷջ𣬻ͷ˹ȥΪʲôʶʱС٣ܳ¡
ǿȥʱ򣬾ͷǰλȻһ࣬ǴȴǱװ
Ƽôͺȵʲô飿һ߶ȥ
ҿɿȴǺƼôƣĵطղŴλŮͬ־ڻмŹļʲôطǾίԺɵ˵ĵط
һϰգܵίԺ£Ϊ˭Ƽô˿ҶûһҵӵܣҲʲôӵڿнѵŮ֮󣬻ҳǿͷ
˭˵ϰˣҶƲƲ죬óԼ֤оٽֳҶʽѯղô¶ţ
ļٵģû˵оôһŶŵ°ļ֤ɣƼôţҶôһûʲôӡ
ô˵û˼ˣѯǰɣҶһֵҺܱɣܱҪǲУҶͬ־洰¿ء
Ƽô˶ʱһŤͷ¥Ǳ߶үӵİ칫λÿ˹ȥ
ȻͼүҶſڴϣ߶ء
ƼôЩˣ϶ղŴŮ龰Ǳ˼ҸˣҪȻҲܳһʲôԳоٽֳˣҪΪ
ƼôʱңӲȥҪѶүҶˣĻȴҪǰ˷ҲƵķ
үҶסѱ鷳ʹˣҶͷ˵ýͳ˱˵Ц
׸ôأƼô˿Ǳ߶ڵĶүӣֿ˿ߵҶоĺܡ


626 Ʊס
ôҶûиƼôٿǵʱ䡣
ŮƼôЩεرʾҽѵŮܲҪίİɣ˵ˣоֵģʲôϵһӹ
ʲôҵ¡Ҷһ˵䣬ְίµԭ򣿡
Ƽô49꣬˾нΣίԭܡƼôش
ȻǰСӺܲƼôȨһףǾøҶЭҪһЩ汻קίҶϯǱ߶ȥĻǾ˿Цˡ
ʵ˵Ƽôķǳá
ԭŮףԷ˵ýҲԼͬѧȻ̫׶˸Լ黹ǱȽӵģû뵽Ůһ绰ʱͰ֮ǰĴҹˡ
ͬѧĶӵξͿԿ¶϶ǱˣƼôеǳûӡ
ŮȻСǸĸ׳ģƼôҲûжʱ;ȥ˼ͥǲô׵ĶϣŮĻ³ӣǽıеǳʧ֪ʲôʱŮƺ˳һˣ
ѵͲܹ׵һƬ
ƼôŮǳĲ⡣
ŶԭƸ˾ˡҶȻ˵Ͼһ˼ûУǼüͷʵƸ˾㲻֪ھίԺ棬ǲ׼ŹΪʲô㻹ҪôǾ˵ںεأģôҿˣӰж໵㲻֪𣿡
Ҵˣô嶯ƼôҶôһٽѵȻ붯һ٣վռϷ硣
ǽ·оٽֳĻ̾˰֮ͺԤˡ
ί߶϶ֱӰȻٿ۴
нζĴ˾鷸˵ĻҪ侮ʯ˾Ǻܶģ˱Ҳǣ˵ζߵԭλְȵȣЩԣϾǶɱˡ
ƼôȻҶݣȴҲھίԺͻĵȰ¶Ӧȥ˵ɡ
ҪϢˣһ߶ȴеˡ
˭㣬ƾʲô˵Ұ֣ҶͺǴʶһǸŮ֮飬õ㹷úӶ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣˵ѾͷϷ찡ôܹתԼݣԼվֵˡ
ûеӦʵ·֪ʲô𣿣Ұнʵʵڵн˾ʲôðľ٣ʲôٽģȨһн𣿣
㡭ҶЦһҪ˵ʲôʱֱĻͷס
ʲô㣬֪ˣ̵ǸСҰϾ·ͥһϼ
ôһڣŪƼôҲе֪롣
Ҳû뵽ŮȻվԼϣʼһ¶ˡ
ƼôҲܾᣬΪôһȥȻͬ飬ǴЧȴ˷á
ƼôҶ֮˴ҶҲûʲôȥϴñӣǽѵ䣬ʲôĿͷͽ䣬ôһ죬ֿʼӻˡ
һûԭͳھίԺ棬ʲô
ңڻͬһλпоֵٽֳڶţҲǺԤϵġ
Ȼ˵ƼôƺеҶоٽֳоֻǱȽ˽ģһǳĲţֱ׳쵼жţ˼ֻһٽǴִ˵нҪţһЩ
ʮ궯ңǼλ˵һ죬󻹲оЩ˵ģ
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ȻƽʱûǵϢǸ߲Щ˵Ķ棬йǵĴ˵֪ʲôʱǾͻΪ֣һ¡
׳ߵĹؼ磬ȴֲǹܵƼôȻǾԶ֮ʵǲԸǳϹϵ
磬񡣡ƼôŮȻ˵
ƾɶ߷ߵػһ䣬ȻԼߵˡ
ƼôǳΣҪȥסŮֲҶλݲоٽֳŤˡ
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ƼôҶ⻰һ
ΪǵĺоֵˣһǸֳҪָʹôԷ϶Ǵ˵еļˣȻһλ⼸λﲻһλԲ˶ߵ
˼һʱ嶯ûпסƼôǸ
ˣû¶߰ɣҲҪȥҶ˰ֵ
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ǹһҰȫϣսӹɵģϲھӵĿҲϸģԲʲôȷ
ƼôҴ̽쵼ٵĻҪֱӱܲŸߣȻس̶Ƚдģãֱӱʧ˵ĿҲǴڵġ
飬ǰҲûз
ȵ˾ίԺĴ֮Ƽôһ亹
õн˾ҲҶղŵĻŵùǺ
ʵֻ̫ˣƼôвޣ˭˼Ҷõ֤оֵٽֳأҲΪҶΪ˺ͻôһ֤Żġ
ƼôվǶҶɣǾ͸ԼһλаְĺѴ˵绰ȥоǲиֳҶ
ҶаôԷˣЩ졣
Ŷˣû¶Ƽôûٶʣ͹˵绰ȴ޷ƽ
˼Ҷоֵٽֳ¶ȷʵƼôеЩԾҲе¡
ʵҪǶĻҲûôˣ֪ҶҶǬӣҶֶӣͬʱ֪ҶгμίǵĻͲҶλھίԺˡ
еʱһܼ򵥵ϢȱʧܹشжʧƼô


627 ȫ
滼ûʧ뿪ίԺƼôн
Ҷ¶֮󣬾ͻص˶үӵİ칫ңһ¡
үӺɽˣǿЦãû뵽ƼôƸ˾ȻҶȻȨƶֶκ˶ѹģǾлӥƼôҲס
СǺ֡үҡͷ
СҶȻоְֵ񡣡ɽǵеԾˣû뵽Ҷĵô࣬Ҫ֪оֵλ⣬ǵĳԱǾӢеľӢҲ֪˼ҿҶʲôȻίΣ
ɽھҲ˺ܶģһЩҲ˽⡣
˵оֵԱãаξ˵ģлһǳصЭĳǷоֹ
ԾҶܹõ߲ѡоְֵվҲȵõλϿɲУĻְ޷ͨġ
Ȼ֪λڣصĴʦȴѡҶĻҶٽְֳ񣬲ô׾͵֡
ʵǻ˵ĶѡҶЦƸ˾Ϊͬλ׳ģԼ˵䵽ĳλ׳Уеûʧʧݡ
Ȼˣվ˵ۣҪǾԼǼλǰܹǳĻǾǶڹٳˣˣ˼ҶɵǿѹҲô׿ܵġ
Ƽô־ɽ̳Ƶʱ򣬸дǷǳ̵ģԾػһ־η֮
СҶͬ־ȻǶ֣ҵ뷨ûɽһЦ˵
ʲô˼үˣЩʵ
ģʡ㽨һٹ·ҴҶͬ־Ŀ鸱鳤ɽǽ͵
Ȼ뷨ֻԼһʱ𣬿ڿҶֶ֮ɽǾ;뷨ʵǺܲģҶҵĺöҲܹҶֶΣҶҵĴƣĿٳֵ˳һЩ
鳤̧̫ˡүȻ֪ĴĿ鳤һ㶼ǻʡģ鳤ȻкüɶǱȽţƵҲĺ¶
ʵСҶǰڽеʱ򣬾޹·ĿҲ˳µ顣ɽǵǽҶǰ飬ıȽʱ˵ҲǺȻ
ţ·Ǻ¶ӶʡǱ߶ҲӦÿһµģֻҪǲӰ쵽ѵ񣬾񹲽Ҳʲô¶үӱʾ
лί쵼֧֣Ҷϯ仰̤ʵ˺ܶడɽǱʾ
̸Ҷһ߶ûвʲô
ʵϣƼôŮ¶е⣬鶼չ˳
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Ҷ˵ͷȻɽǴ˸кƿȥ
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ǰԭҲʶҶɽǵغҲеԾҲ㲻Щ˵ʲôϷƼôǱ˸ˣƫƫԼڹ档
ڵأС󡣡ɽҡҡͷ˵ԼҶôʱ򣬿ûô۶ʱڿϵ˵İɡ
Ҷߵһ߶Χûʲô۵ˣʲô¶оֵĹϵôǢ
ҰӲҪףô飬ô˳ܣץץԼͷеεرʾ
Ҷ֪ԭĸĸˣһֱǸĸģΪ⼸ھѧ׹Ĵ϶࣬һϵתϾƼôҲ쵱н˾ȨĴҲûд㲻
Ͼھĸ̫̫ˣûи̣治ùӡ
ֻǴӸ˵ȻԼ׽ĸһЩĸ׵ļȽϸԣôЩǵͷչ˵ġ
ҪĶҺҲͰˣͻȻҽܶ󣬸ʲôⲻҵĻµôܴӦԽ˵ԽͲûƿڴˡ
¶ʵҲδؾж⡣ҶĲ͵鵱ȥϾѶϼ£Ҳ˵˭˭ֻǺϡˣԷƷѧʶܺãҲ׬ˡ
ӹӸûֹȻŶҶ˵ѽһ¶ˡ
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粻ѾȥӢ֪ˣںɵˣŪҲȽϲ⣬һҰִףܿҲǸйأҪҾ޳ȥ˼һȥЩյ˵
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һӣûкúýͺȫңһŮûкúýͺȫңһˣһӣͳ軵Ů޸ӣȫҾˣĴͱˣҶ˵
ˣȻЦ⻰ȷʵ˼
֮ͣͿҶ˵滵˵Цҡ
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˵ȷµҲˣؼҶ֮׵øʯһôԸеΣ
˵ˣִֵԸȻ˵Ժ׵سΪѣҪ˵ϴʲôģҶ滹ǱȽѹġ
оֵֵ飬ϴǺͻϰģϾҶֲϲˣϲԸƽǡ
֪ˣ֪ˡӦ͸Ҷ߻Ŀ˽γ߶
ΪǼӳģǲõҪһϳ֮ȷʵǱȽʵģȻûϳɽ˭ǴӶԷ棬ܹоǸģٱƼôͷ
³ļ˶ԲģҶһֱӿ˺ӶʡפǱ߶ɽͽȥ¿˳ص˴·ϡ
˭Щʵ


628 Էײ
λǺӶʡһ쵼һ˸Ҷش
ƭˣԷõֵط𣿡ƲƲ
ȻҶĻǺӶʡ쵼ҲûбҪܵίԺȥһ緹϶ʲôèģЩ鲢ģڸʻλϴҶˣһûгԶѾǰˡ
ôŰ㣿ԣҶЩطʵ
Ƽô֮Ĺϵһ֪ܲãֻҶ߶ҲǺѣƼôƢ𱩣ҲŮһٷܲ˼ҺôҲн˾ġ
ʵƼôˣүӵǵ˼䣬˵ȻһЩϳɳⷽ棬дǿдĻ滹治ҰͷŵȽҪ쵼λȥ
ߣ֮׿ʼõΪƹܣĻһиʲôСĦͿʼ󶯸ɸĻҿ϶޷ġ
νսսΣ¶һ޶ȣ˾ͻΣա
Ƽô˵ӾЩ𱬣ԾίرΪнȴܰŵҪְȥҲϣĥһĥӣΪ߲δԤԱ
ֻվڵ˵ϣδؾܺʶһ㣬ǻеѹеͶܡ
ǰôҶ֪ǴӽƼôıȷʵҪĥһӲС
˵ҶԼҲиŮѧԼϰǰ¸ϴ֮ĻҶ˼ˡ
Ұ߯Ȥһ硣籧Թ
ǿڲˣղͷʱվһ߶˵ġҶ̾Ͱ˸ˡ
ǽŮԡһ۵ܲһҲûУ˺ϻ۸Ұְɣǳʲôˣ
УѾͷ۶Ƕ࣬ǰ֣ʵǹìܣΨ²ҡҶһָղŽֵնġ
ʵϣǻһƼôĻôһ϶Ҫģû׼Ƽôˡ
ΪҶ֣ȻƼôΣҲңƼôһӡ
ŻŻʲôģ˭ҹףʾ
ҪǻعĻ϶Ҫ˵ġҶЦ
ʵЩٵģͦûġ籧ԹΪһæýŲմأ˲żңҪΪҲ顣
ĸĸֱַٻ𣿡ҶԼеˡ
ǵҲûУ£иرãҺܻǹϵ˵㲻֪迴ҲǲʮӣʺܺõģҰֳƢ˭˭ۡ
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ˡȻʲôҶһֻ׷ʵղҰ˵ʱ˵ʲôʲôٽļٵģ
ȻǼٵģŵ°ļ֤ʮǮһ˵ĺܡҶԥرʾ⣬ѹͲҪʵģмʮĽ𣿡
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ôһĥǾҶٽδؾǼٵˣֻǲ֪ҶҵʹʲôֶΣȻҶô˫ȫˣһǻð˼⡣
˵ˣƼôݣͷ϶ǻʵҶٽαģϵƭĻǸͲƢܵ
ƼôǱ߶ûʲô˵Ҷȷʵٰġ
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ȫһûоǻʶϴĸŮҶһ壬ȻͬԼŮԱȣּҪôһŮ˵ĻƻҲ٣ɵðҡͷ˵Ͻͻȥû¶ˡ
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С㣬е˭Ҷӣʵ
۵Ǳ߶Ŀͻ̸ҵ顣ЦôԴˣ
ҶƲƲⲻǷϻҵ񣬻Ҫ˳Է
ҵҪ˸ڹģȻҪʾһЩ˵ҪȻк
͹Ҷͷ
µ绰֮ͷԷ̧ͷʵųС㣿
δޡҶȻ˵ҪҪһȥк
ˣҪǹȥĻԵöûӣСƵġҡҡͷ
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ҶͷͳųǱ߶˹ȥ
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ҶЦ˿Ūе﷢ë֪ʲôطԾģ
Ǻǣʶһ£δҶǸ۵ʢеϯҶһĪӣŪϲ֪ô¶ͰһۣȻ˽ܡ
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۵ǶڹڵθǷǳעģΪųҶҺͳңȻصעĶһθ۵ʢиµĹ˾㽫VCDҵȥϾǴ
֮ǰ˹Σ֪Ҷ֮һϲ
½ľ÷չٶȷǳ죬Ҳǳ࣬׬ǮĺûᣬھѾͣٵĸ۵˵ȻѵõĻҲϣܹ½Խ
ܹͽĴӵܣһ˶ʱûа


629 
㣬VCD⣬ôˣҶĿӦҲˣֻǲ֪Ρ
㶼ӵ𣿡滹ǱԹһ
ȻżҲһۣǻϲ档ҶЦŻش
ӵĹ棬춼ǵVCD棬ϵϵ̺ʽըˡ˵ڵҲϣȻ˵ڿºгǹǹڵ󣬾Ѿùŵúܣֿǹģ
ɵòС㲻Ǿţô̵ʱ䣬͸ôĳʵúܡҶЦ
ͱ˵⻰ˣ⣬ҲѡĿһ۵
˵ʵõһѷͶĿ飬ܶ࿴ȥ׬ǮĿҶֱӸˣѡVCDӰĿ浱ʱһЩԥʱҶȻԶ׿ʶһӾҵ׬ǮǸ
Ҳȡ˵Ͼߵ㡣ҶЦ
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ͺ˵ɡ֮󣬶ʱ¶ЦݣȻҶ⻰ʵԣܹôͱֳϿҵ̬ȣҲ˵ô
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ǰλˣκһλ˲õĴı˲Ŀ
ĸ۵ȻȻӢڵңǾعѾԽԽӢ˹ȻҪϼңǸ۵˵ͱȽϸӣҪعȻеģҪ뿪Ҳ
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۵ʢ߶Ӣ˵Ҫ˳̨ģϻԼһЩ˽ԭȴԸȥӢչŻͼҪ۵гĳСнӴתͶϲŵ·չ
ڸ۵˶ԣܹͶϲŵ£൱һŻܾ֮󣬸۵ĸչҲڲ֮ˡ
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Ƽôֺ˵ʲôе׳ɣӥ룬ͶҶ˵ֿҶһۣѵҿ˵ƼôƢȽϻ𱬵ģߵ̫ˣĻ˵ûѹ㡣
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˭Ȥ˳һģҲ֪ҶԽ仰ָˡ
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ǵǲҪˡҡͷȫͶʵĻЩ黹ʲôȤʵȵVCDӰǰͶʻ֮⼸ֱֽţͲõǮ⡣
ڳĻҶǱȽͬġ
VCDĿⲢûпãΪʱѾDVDΪȨԭ򣬴ҶӦòһָʽΪҵ淶Э֮УҶãVCDӰհᡣ
ڵVCDӰĿѾˣҲҶĽ飬һͶ˺üӣֱͬƷƵӰγһ໥Ĺϵ
˵Ļ治֪⼸ӶǳСµĲҵ
ôһ˸ؾǵ飬Ǽṩ˳ڵӰ֮ҲʼתƼ豸ڽһӰѾγһĹģ
ôĺǲƷҪƬԴ˱ϣͼ۵ĵӰVCDӰ۶ԣȷʵҪƶãҲVCDӰǰ˻ڵһҪԭ
ʱ򣬳ųҶһҪƹȥʵĿģûеӰֵͼƬԴ֤Ļûôߡ
ûͶʵҹȥһų棿Сܺã֪ݣԼûʲôвҶûʲô԰ϵġ
ʱûˡҶشϾֻǸίǣɲΥʲôģҲŹܵõľùûжĹϵĻ㲻˵ҲҪģԼŻÿ
˭ˡһۣǳǳһڣ浹̵ġ
֪ҶŮ˲ֹһΪһʢŮǣڵѾǺܺˡ
ҶƷ˳˧ǮǸ߹٣ǰ;һƬҶҵۺѾϳңķʲô޵ģ
˵ĵ⣬ҲˣϾϲûʲôʮȫʮ顣
ңΪֻҪԼܹץסҶģô΢һЩҲǲܹܵ顣
ܱȼ޸Щ֪νǣҪǿ̫ˡ
ˣкĿ£һҪ̸顣СҶ˵
ţ̸ɡҶͷһǱ߶磬ѾˣЩĵָס
߹ȥ֮Щ˼ʵСû
ΪʲôҪأҶһ۵
ŮһԷͲԴ𣿡ʵ
ûаҹ㣬˵˿ˡҶʾ
ſ󷽣ˣЩп˵ţĸԺҪƵأҲ˵ʲô̫ˡ
ҶһۣȻǶֲű߼ʵĻûʲô


630 ССԹ
ΪɽǣҶڻ֮ǰǰݷһ¸λȡǶںӶʡٹ·֧֡
Ҷү׿ˣүǱ߶Ҳкͬ־Щ飬岻ãסҽԺ֮Ϊĺͬ־
Ҷϵͬ־Ҫ棬˵һ˵顣
ٹ·¶˵һ鸱̾ʹҲʾɣǺӶʡҲûдһҽͨҲвͬΪʲô׼Ҫ˵أ
ͬ־һľûʲôȴϲĴ˵ĸɲҶһ˵¶ͲˣҪǶԷҶͰѵ绰ˡ
¶ģͨסĿΪòãΪ̫ˡҶǺֱӵصԭ
ͬ־֮󣬰ûпò˵һ䣬֪ˡ
ȵͬ־˵绰֮ҶܹоǾ仰У̺ŭ
ΪһƷеͬ־ͬ־ԼҪԼڣõģеʱʵ̫ԸΥ㼴ʹ꣬µΥ
飬Ӧʡ쵼棬ôƫƫ绰ͬ־СΪҶУһ绰ģɵЩʵ
ɽǸͬ־㱨ĻЩǲ˵ģҾûʲô˼ˣͨǱ߶ֻʶ񸱲ĶӲܽɣһŲ֪˽潲һǵĻҲûʲôҶʾ
⼸꽻ͨˮǲ٣ص·Ž׷ȻǵطĿ棬һҲ벻˽֧ͨ֡˵ʵͬ־ҲδؾܹѹסͨϾûаͷϵǸָȥ
ҲƱ׶ˡҶЩпرʾȱȺЧලԼȨ϶ݻΪܡͬ־ץ¶ҲûжƢʯ·һͱǳ˵طյĽڡ
ĸִ֣˵רֻб䷨
ʵϣһ˳˳ϰ꣬Ǿͼһ⣬Ϊʵеƶȣ뼯Ȩĵ۹ƶȣǽˮƽߣԱձƶĻ֮ϵġ
ΪձƶŲҪһͳһĹңҪһϵȨʵ壨͢Ȩʵۣһԣƶǿʢ󣩣ƶࣨƶձ飩չɳ۹ͻƹģ鷳Ҳͽ
෴ЧԽԽͣҵĻҲԽԽ١
ΪƽվãǻȫޣҰ£ƣùҹ˼ȡ
ˣั࣬ʯ⣬ƲˣÿĶʢʱڣҵķ̱Ȼ𣬵۹ɥҲȻֻǴҿҲ
ǿģƴãǸƽȵ鷳һͺĪˡ
ƱģȻԸ⿴ֽ֡
ʯһߣֻҪһõĶֲиһһõЧдֱ׳İٱη塣
ʿҲǿԲǵģʲô֮࣬͸ҳݣڵܵһЩʧҲֻǸĸĳɱЩɱǱ븶ģҲǿԺԲƵġ
˾ԭҲǸĸɣֻʯȣǸЧѡ
ʵϱʱڵľɵʱڵıɸͲͬնĸǰȴˡ
ΪˣͲֻͼһʱʹ죬ʵЧ
Կ϶˵ڵ۹ıײ˾ʯø͸Žʽĸԭڡ
ҪΪ䷨ͺáкõı䷨вõı䷨ǰߴǿߵ¹Ƽһָĸ﾿ǺǻҲֻܿܿЧ
Ȼʯ䷨ЧʵǲѣĳԱۡ
·ı⣬񸻹ǿȴǵԹڣ˸߾Ƹʢ硣
ƽĸȻΨһȷ̫Ļͻܶ⡣ҶԳ˵ɶʱ򣬾ܶ⣬Ƶķʽܶ࣬Ϊʲôǿ˵ƣһԭӮܺõҵͻȻڶھ޿ƲȻҡһΪ˽˵ҵȴѵΪƲͬɵĽıһƾܹͼӰˣȻǺܻġ
ʵϣÿһθĸﶼٷ䡣Ҷ˵ֻͬеʱɾһЩеʱ˵ҪȽϰһЩ
ӢĹҵҲ˵˵ЩҲûãֲ㵱ΪֵӹԱͷ𣿡
⵹ġҶЦеѡλӦѡˡ
ǧܸ˵̫æ̫ˣҿɲʲôģҪǸݶϣһ涼ѡίְ񣬻ǿԿһµġ
˵ҺǸһ֮ˡҶЦ
һ룬ʱҲЦˡ
ҶŶʮֻ꣬ᣬôҲҪŵʮ֮ˣαزô֮飿
ԼԺ붼ҪϱڣԱԽԽˣбҪһЩҶ֣رʾңЩ˵ʲôģһ𣿡
Դ˰ǺЦȻ졣
ϻŸһԷ˵ĸ˲ԴףҶߵ
Ժҳ붼ͱھˡЦҶֱۣҡҡ
˽˺˵һؽҶͽȥһĿҶķɻգХȥ
ҶͷȲգҵڹڵĺչ˾пûжá
һ˷ɻ۾һھǹ꣬ʱǹãǰǰһˡ
ҲҺǼίĹûôţֻܶҪøͿԣȻеµȥа졣
˵ɽǽ飬ĿȨ⣬ѾүӴ˳Ҷǹˣ˵ٹ·飬ȻҪҶΪĿĸ鳤ôҶ϶ҪеһεģҲɡ
ںܶԱǶԣⱾһƽĿܹͲˣ˵еĻһʲôˣ֪èж
Ҫȫٳֵ飬ȴǹڹ˱ڵڵ˸иֳܰѾǣ浽иֳĺüλҪ㣬˱ʱҲѾӺ⣬ǲˡ
뵽ҪͬӶʡĵͷ߹˳ǸҶлǱȽصģЩܹ֮ΪͷߣǵȫԸЩա
۾񣬾;÷ɻЩҡš


631 ˳;
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Ҳһ˿ңϾÿ˶ǵһɻˣеʧĸо
λս˽ʾٰ꣬ŻĹ㲥о˿ճ˵λ˿ʹҺãֱǺչ˾9527κھǷ;УɻᷢҲҪģϵðȫҪڻ߶ʱҪʹ䣬밴Ϸף;죬лл
ƯĿս֣ö֮󣬴󲿷˶ʱͰˣԼλϣȫϵãһȥ
һεɵĵ
ҶԣվһλƯս㣬ɫƷźƵ˿ԺӣżһɨȥܹĲǷǳɾһ
ῴɷ塭Ҷλսǰɵ뵽ôһʫ
ɻͻȻҵصһαȽûйغõģһֻӴ룬˳ײУĶɢƮ㣬ڻҷɡ
ôһŵûеһɫ԰ףͿ˷ҳһš
ô£ҶȻ۾Ļգʶüͷ
ʵҶϲɻһͼһжеˣȻϲְȫȫеĸо
ʱսڴذڵĳ˿ͣôλϲҪҶˤ
ҶҲúλսȻڼ˿ͣԼɫҲǲҰޱȣԴʱǱֳ̬Եر԰
ҶʱҲЩΪɻһξҵĵһεķǰδеĴһнûΣС
ҶûӦô£һƮıǶˣĻжһĽ
ҶԴڴ͵״̬УԷ˫ѾסĲӣҲϣҶܹܵھҵУûбȫŵĿս壬Ȼ˦ȥļ
鷳ҡƯĿսоԼȻ˦ŵ¶Ŀ⣬Ҷ
£Լ̶ױײ˵ġ
ǿսޣֻס壬ֻҶˡ
Ҷ״ȷԷ˶ԣڽ˫ַŵ˿սϣ§סֻ֫˫ʵ֮󣬾ͷָպøڶԷ֮ϣоԷβǾ˵ĵԣҶϲɵ¶εɫ
ʱҲ죬ȥҲ죬ʮʱ䣬ɻ»ָƽ⣬һֻҶλƯĿսȴȻܵ§״̬֮С
ҶһۻĿս㣬һ𵴣ɻϵ¶ȱȽϸߣҶȥף˱Ż硢׵Ľֻűһȴôıӯ嶯ˣرǶԷǰļͦʣһ־ĶǵĸоټͦεĽ˾óջϢ
˸ղһģ֮£սҶϣҲʲôףǴʱȫˣŸоԼҶ֮˵ƣЩ̫
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ҶЦĵұͱҷžͷţҶٵʲôˣ
ƯĿսδйľֻ÷ԼβֻеʵڸеЩͬʱ۵Ҳ
һ黳ֱ͸ŮģҲùΪ˵͵ĸоֻý׵ҧסˮ۵ĺ촽
սô۾ţҶҲе˼ЦЦɿֱۡ
е٣ս㽿ŵҶһۺ󣬱Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
óҲһ˳쵽ǵʱ򣬾ͽӵ˵֪ͨ˵ǱѩϮǣɻ޷䣬ֻʱڱݻʱϢȴת
ʲôҶϢ֮󣬶ʱüͷ
һλǴ䲻⹥ޱȻǣиֳһġ
״Ƕʱ޷ɻصˣ˵ֵø治ʲôϢ
һµ˶ԣóϵĵ飬Ҫ
Ҫ֪ÿһӶпֺܹܳؼı仯¼Ťתһ·ϵʱ䣬пܻᳬһ졣
⣬ҶҲûʲôƢȫһ
ݻ֮󣬳˿ǾͿʼڿճ˵Ĵ£Ϣ
Щ˿ͣżģڻȺܻṩĲЩŰ¶ģֱӳ˳뿪ˣķ
Ҷ߶ֻһְɵúܣֻǴеһ׼ë¶ȼͣʮȣѾǴˣ߶Ȼڹ죬һ㡣
ȻҶú䣬Χ˿ܻСе졣
㲻𣿡һ˹
ҶͷһͿһɫ޴µŮϻŵױһ˫ɫ߸ЬͷൽԼüˣһֻ䣬ĿתؿԼ
㰡ôҶϳ˶ԷڷɻϵǸս㡣
Ǻ֣໹ûз꣬ôŶˣ
Ҽе飬˻ˣҪϻȥƯս˵һ㲻𣿡
ôΧۣҲˡҶЦӾϷɻǰǳ濪ֱͽģԭƻ˷ɻҲԼ˾ӻȻûбҪôʵ
˭Ҳû뵽;Ȼ˱仯ɻ䵽ݻ߶ó棬ôһ˿ôδЩȺĸо
˺ҶеڣԼʱҲӦô޷ʲôģ뿴ûʲôΣȷʵеЩŤ
Ҳȥ𣿡Ưսʵ
ǰҲм¶ҪȥйҶЦŻش
ĸţŶȻͷȲգƯսеʵ
ţίϰ࣬СɲһżմҵĹҶ治ٵػش
ԭǳԹҷģӦǱȽˣ͵ǲ󡣡ƯսЦ
Ҳжʮ𣿡Ҷʵ
㣬֪Ů𣿡Ưսӵ


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ǡͻˡҶЦ
ʵŮһ֮󣬾ͺԼˣԣʮµŮųģʮ굽ʮ֮ŮԼνǳʮԺ󣬾ͺԼ⣬һ²¶顣
ҶλƯս㣬ȻڵģĵԱȽϴ󣬽ʮ굽ʮ֮ĿԾӶࡣ
ǴҶĻ۽жϣӦڶʮҡ
ڵĺչ˾¼սǱȽϸģҲǷǳӣǻ״бȽϸĹ涨̫СĲҪʲأ̫ҲҪ˼֮ͥ󣬹иˡ
ʮ굽ʮ֮Ŀսģζ϶תмȥˣô˵ζ֮Ҫ޸˼һǲѵġ
ӻðġƯսԥһ£ͶҶ˵Ҷȥǣ㴩޷ˣȵٻҾǡ
˵淭һɫ޷ĵ̱궼ûժȻġ
ðɣֲ䡣Ҷһ·ĿʽʽģȻ˼
û׼˼ҸģԼʲô¶
ˡô졭Ưսó·ժȻҶϱȻһ£ǱȽϺһҶеԥɫô¶ˣǺ˵ǸҰģպøĲ࣬Ŵɡ
ŶТءҶһ䣬Ҳپܾͽ޷˼£ÿùĹȻŴϣȻů࣬ڱ棬ôŹˡ
ʱһ·ɫ󣬹ȻƫһЩƯսĻ٣ӦǸ·һ㲻ᴩôҰɫ
ҽҶҶҶĿû֡ҶŴ˸߸Ь߲֮ԼŮ΢Цʵ
ҶСɵͽҶƯսˣʱЦ¶˺ܺÿͬһ׵ݣֵǸ˵Բ𰡣ֿЦ
ûϵȷʵе⣬¶ԹҰǣûкúöԽ˸־ͰͷˡҶΪЦ
ҽЦƯս˵ǱǸ裬Ц΢ЦЦ
֣ܺҵֺöˡҶЦ˵Ǻչ˾ģ
ǰҼҾǵġЦش
ս᲻࣬ÿȥģҶʵ
ҲһˡЦ͵ÿ춼кܵģһһϵʱϢںߵҪһЩܹʺߵĻȽ϶࣬ҲȽࡣ
Ҷͷʾ⡣
ܹʺߣҪʮСʱǸʱڳģһȷʵܲˣ˵սȻǺܺһʣҲǱȽϸߵȺ壬Ҫ˵ȻǷҵǲܵġ
ֵһģǷɻȻųȫĽͨߣһȫʱ򣬿ճԱҲΪġ
ţͳ˻Ȼһǵĳ
Ŀͳǲң·϶ǻѩ˵ȥǱ߶˾Ƕҡͷ
о͵𳵰ɡЦЩεرʾ
ʵݾǣҲǰʮӣҪгĻѩ죬СʱСʱ϶Ҳܻȥ
ڵѩˣ·ߣ˾ڵ⣬ҲҪ߼۵ĳ;Ͼ·Զ˻ϷҲͦ鷳ġ
ʵҲ㣬ڿǴ˸߷塣Ҷüͷ
Ѿʮ壬ѧУ߷Ѿȥˣ򹤵˻ǲٵģԻϱȽΪǻ𳵵ٶʱҲ죬ڳϼСʱҲǱȽܵġ
ʱҶظܵںӶ޽ٹ·жôҪˡ
ЩǷϻһôҲûС
ʵڲУֻô绰Ǳ߶Լ˾һˣֻҲõȵСʱ֮󣬲ܹ뿪
λҪȥǰʱ򣬺Ȼи˴ˡ
ţǰҶһλʮ꣬˳еһζ˾ˡ
ѩģǮʵ
ҪǮҶûô۸ֱӾͰƤ߻ȥˡ
ҲҪôԶ·ѩߣٿɡ˵
ôģȻأ̻ȥҲʮ顣Ц̾ͷˡ
Ҫˣൢʱ䲻ǣ̾ͱ˵ҲܵӰ첻ǣڼ䱾ӵ£ƱҲ˵еġ
һٿ飬ȥȥҶ˵
ʵһٿ黹ٿ飬ֻûбҪԩͷ˼ȻȻġ
һ壬ɶҲ˵ˡһҧһţ˵
أҶʵ
Ǳ߶ء˼̸¶ϲɫһָ϶߶һģзƱġԸܳ;治࣬ڵĻȫˡ
˹ȥ֮󣬲ŷ֣һɵɣɣǲզأҶЦʱüͷ˵⳵ܲܵǣһ⡣
Ҫһ㣬ⲻǳ⳵˽ܻĺڳ
⳵ûҶ˵
ģԸܰλûɶϵ˵
ô죿ЦҶ
ˣٵҲǵʱ䣬ʱ䣬͵ˡҶ˵ҲûбҪʲôˣǱ߶Ÿոտʼѩ֪ʲôʱͣʱ򣬴ǹĳӣٶҲ᲻ģȥˡ
˵ˣʵɣ⳵ǱȽƤʵģãʵڲӦòʲôëġ
˾ͽЦŵ˺棬Ȼ˺ųᡣ
˸˵˼ʻλ죬ȥһ̶ŴȻӣǵķˡ
·һ·߶СʱҶһСƿͷһţ⣬һֱ˿ˮЦˣ˼·
·Ҿܵģĺˡظ˵
Ҷ˵ͷԸСĿӿе䣬ůȻǺܺʣܴպãֻǿеá
Цһֱüͷӿڴ淭һֱ
Ϊеƣ·;ԭЦҶһ󣬾еˣƤҶ˯˹ȥ
ҶԼŵ޷ڿԼЦϣԼҲе˯
Ҳ֪˶ãӺȻҵ˼£һɲͣ
ôˣҶԴײǰαһӾ;ˡ
ܳôôùӾȻêˣǰ˾Щŭһ·̣ݺݵ
ǰɣҶѹЦһʱƵòС
ǰŴ壬ŵĵطŴѩǿˡ


633 ڴѩ
޲ˣЦһ˾
޺õĻ˭Ըط˾ҲһĻ
ԭҪӸ˽һ¼õģû뵽ȴ飬ЩգƫƫûʲôƢϾҪģԼǺڳƼˡ
ڿжԶˣҶ
ǰжƮѩˣȻ߶¿ûжãǿеͮƣӦûһĴΧĽѩ·Ѿȫˡ
ê֮ůȻҲûˣø⺮䣬ҶЦҲ·ƺҲδؾгô䡣
ſһɣǾҲǲʮ˾Ƶ˵һ̵ϣôϣҲǳݡ
ڿǰŴ壬ŵˡ
ҶҲеͷû뵽һ·̣ʵҲԶˣڴ绰ߣҲỨ̫õʱ䡣
վѩ棬Ÿ߸ЬЦýе䣬ͣڵȥѩ˳磬ʱʱؾȥŪСﲻͣŲӣɫҲΪ¶Щ԰ѩԵøס
ΪɫѾ˵Եʣ·ϵĳҲ١
Ҷóֻʱ򣬾ͷѾûˡ
١Ҷһʱ
©ƫҹ갡Ҫ绰ܰ쵽ˡ
а߰ʮ仰˵ûۿžҪˣȻ顣
ʮֻ߻ȥˡЦЩżģһҧ˵
ҶҡҡͷҪǼ·ĻҲ޷ʮ·Сִ˸߸Ь߲ȥġ
ֲ˵Цأʮ·Ƿʱ򣬴Ÿ߸ЬҲһŰ飬ο·ҶЦ߶·Ͳˡ
԰ɣܴպŰѳ˾ҲûƢ˸̣һ굽ǰͷȥ޳
ϲѩˣЦһƬҰҪȥԭҪǰͼġ
ʲôҶʵ
ëҽ˵ҪеһЦش
ŶҶëΧʹˣеĺΣеĲΣֱȽ鷳ĲмҲòˣЦ֮ǰ飬Ӧò̫⡣
ʲôģҶʵ
֮ǰиֳ߼ʦģȥŰģǰǿȴ󣬼ûܹȡԾǳҹⲡһ۳ġᵽ¶ЦֲиֳǱ߶ҲȷʵúܲãøҽƷãڶûбһ϶ڿˡ
Ҷˣ˵ͷ˵սĹʻǱȽϸߵģֻЦûãҲָϼʲôæڶԼĹ΢СһЩˣһҲĸг
ЩɲҲãְҲգҲǿɵλģֻЩҵʵλ߲һ־Ūôܴ
˵ףеĹȻΪеΪԸ֧ǮǶѾȥְˡ
ЦĸףŸչʮ꣬ҵļмѵõļ˲ţΪӦûڸʮģڲòǰڼ
иֳûǮ𣿡ҶЦ
ôûǮЦǳߵػشǳ쵼ȥԶٷûмǧǮ²ǲϸְǻѣ
˵иֳܺɣ˷˵԰Ҷʵ
һ֮ѣôҲ֪Ůʱ򣬼ϰļױģ¶Ҷ֪ίҲ˼˵Űڵ̯׬ġЦ˵
СҶˣҲɵƲƲ졣
ڵ̯ܹ׬ôǮ
ӶԷĴУܹóиֳͲںȥȻܸ϶ŵģҲôһ𣬶̬ŵĴ𰸡
Ǽίƫƫûа취澿ʲôè壬Ǹ˶ó
˾һӣǲЧˡ
찡ˣſһӣġ
һ鷳飬ǰ컹õ;ĳ;ʲôĲ٣˳糵ƱͿˣѾˣ˵᲻ʲô˳糵ܹһʲôֻҪܰѳӸϵȥҲͽˡ
ҲûãŰɣûгġҶο˾ʣµٰƿͷݸ߲ˣȿھůһůӡ
˾ӹ˶ͷһȥйð˳Ҳ΢һЩ
ǵùƳ͸ôˣƫƫλǰ˷ҪԴãˡ˾ҡҡͷ
Ҷһʣ֪ũһλģƾɣҲǵλĳûãܺڳģõĻһҲܹ׬һǧǮ൱ġ
ͶǵλģֲʲôǮԼһˣǳˣƫƫأ¶ͲôˣԼ˾еƵ˵
¶ԼǷǣܣֲԲݡҪǰһ£Ҳ˶ǮģڿɺãҶ·ˡЦ˵
绹ܵúúõģ֪ỵ˾Ƶ
ǿγԼϣЦǸŮĻ˾ҲûôõƢ
˵ɣ·߶ѻ𣬴ůһӡҶȰ
Ա߶ĵתһȦЩɲݣЩ֦Ҷʲôģѳһѡ
ҲҿʱѩոսֵͣûлЩԴͺ󣬺׾͵ˡ
˾ҲȥЩ֦˽ȥһѾˡ
ΧڻԱ߶ʱо˺ܶ࣬һ׶ߣůͣҲĿ
ЦǿƮѩڻƮߣɵЩ񣬽еرڿǿҵתȻ·êڴҲòվѩ濾
һãǷḻúܡ
͵ۿ˿ԵҶͷҶȽרעŻѣȴڿʲô⣬ı飬ЦеЩԡ
ʵںչ˾ζЦȻᣬȴҲ˲׷ߣЩͥˣҪչϵЦԼŲʮûбҪôͰԼһֱûдӦ
ҶȴеЩرƺڷɻǿһɲǣҶֳůͰȫĸоЩͻ
ѵ˵ԼҶѾһĸоˣ
ܣһΪŵ˵ԵʡЦ֮̾˹ҡͷ
ҶȻǸˣֻһ֮Ե֪һֶѣԼôܹôǿҵأ
ЦǲԵġ


634 ͻͻͻ
ڵĺܶ鶼ǱȽģ˵ɳ˹ɶ˷սģõĳ·ȻǰͷȲյĸ߶˿ͻչϹ
ʵƵ飬ЦҲˣһǰ㣬ڷɻϸһͷȲյĳ˿͹ˣҲϰ࣬ר̫̫ȥˣλͷȲճ˿Ǹ۵ˣǱ߶ӦŵģڵҲ˲֪Сġ
ЦеЩ⣬˵ʵҲʲôҪ֪һĻ뱲Ӷʳˣʲôб׵飿
ֻһҪһԵİͷӣЦλǰѡ񣬻һЩͬģȻܶ˶Ц˵̫棬ǳé®С
ΧŻᣬԶͻͻͻһӴĹһĶƶ
Ҷãһˡ
ԭǿһŲݶΪݶȽᣬˣһ˸Ｘߵıըͷһ
ΪˣũֻǽݶָһֽҪΧһ
˾˴ϲȻޣɣʮﻹСһ
ҶԸ£ʮǮ˺ܸˣһھʹӦݶжһ֣мͳһ̫ĿնҶЦ濿ţ˾ɣŷ̡
û뵽ȻлؼҡЦڲݶ棬ޱȸп˵
ȷʵȽϷḻǶûЦԣˡ
һУſʼͽ˺չ˾Ҳ̫ȻûƵĻᣬȻ·ϳЩͷ¶޻Ұʱ÷չһСʱҲȥˡ
ڴѩ׷ɵʱڣڲݶ濴ţʵҲӦһֺص顣
Ӧ˵ˡҶ˵ҪûгĻҲûа취·ȻǴ·ȴҪͨĵ·ͲҪټƽˡ
ίʲôģЦеʵ
ȻԼ˿ͷȽеĹϵȡǶڷɻйܽӴˣȻȤôҲѹԥ˰֮ʳ⡣
ҰҾǻ¡ҶЦ˵㿴ôᣬܸʲôأίһűĵطҲŶʮ꣬ܲȥίǰɡ
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Ҳ֪ΪְҵԵʣͱȽƣ˵ĸоִϸζ׾߽˵档
Ҷ˿ЦԼλս㣬ȷʵͦ˼ġ
һ·ϵľȥһĻ˼ӹһ£Ҳд棬ڱֽˡ
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ЦҶעԼɵɫһ˿ϼ⣬Ŀת˷׷Ĵѩϡ
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Ҫ֪ίҲܲ׵ģһɲܹĳһСŵɱȨˣҲǷǳģҪʮ֮ʮ꣬Ļᡣ
ҶҪͷǷǳѵһ顣
ȽƤʵ·êЦҶ˵ּһСĿռ棬Ͳɵûһ˵һ䡣
ʵڲݶ棬ҪɣǿһЩ
һǲݶƺһɢ˾ůģһΪɣûůĻǸζıȽŨңЦԸڲݶ棬ҲԸٴɣ档
ΪҶȻҲûɣ棬ݶӣǸһλƯսһڲݶ棬ǲʲô飬Ҳһ˼顣
ȷʵȽƤʵҲûгʲôӣǿ쵽طʱ˼վ
߶ļվǺģֱӾͰסˡ
أ˻װ㵨ӹʰ棬һʲô飬ǾǴ¹ʣվ˴סˣһѵ⡣
һڴѩ쿪˲ݶӵũҲʲôȻʾڸеѶˡ
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Щ޷죬߰Цزݶ棬Щߵıʾ
ҶǮ˾лˣɵЩƣ㲻ί˵ǻ᲻ӷУܲõί˰ɡ
ҪίȻû⣬ϧҲǡҶЦЦҸǾûʲô˵Ķίһǣǽޡ
͸òһˣּվרպǮģ˵Щ˶ʱ͵ģһ¶ʱƣǵĹüЦ˵
һ治¶ءҶЦ
ǰ˵ܶƵˡЦʾʽԱ࣬ߣøʲô飬¶ʱһ¶ҲǶţͽͣȷСˣٹͻȥȥľûܹκεǡ
Ҷͷ֪¶Ҳͨ
ϲԸôˣ̫Դ۱Ƚϵ͵ʱѡûʲôϵʱȻɵǮҲɣ´˲ˣ֮ǰת׬Ǯ㹻һˣôǵλҲãԼҲãܺ㡣
Ȼ֪ЩΪ¶ϸĻµĲžͻᳶƤ߿࣬˵㣬ҪӱƣôܴӦôһƤҲΨбԭ״ˣշѵŽֹ
ΪмίǣܲܶӶҶѾˣٲһ£浱ֻһ谡
ȵͻͻͻؿ˵طҶЦѾεе˯ˡ


635 ˲
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飬Ƿǳرľ֮ЦͻȻһֵ˸УҪֱ˰
һϷɵģһڵܵģԺнĻӦúٺ١
ЦҲΪίһСְԱǸְ֣лᾭͷȲշȥί쵼ɣ
ôҶִȽǮ
ҶʶЦҲϼⷽ棬ҶûǮܳô󷽣ֱǮȥ·⡣
Ҫ֪һսСְԱһµĹʳٿǮһ߹˻ҪһЩǿҶֵ³̶ȣЦһҲȱǮ
ôֻֿԣһǼǮһ־ڵְλеǮȨɫȽϿɹۡ
ЦԸҶȽǮҲϣһվǰĿļһһĸܷӡ
Ҷ˾ܿˣŻ˶ʮӡ
Ҷ˾ϰԵҪҶǣͱҶֹˣͷЦЦҶ߶Ů˵ҶȻǲй¶ݣﶼϲ׽ԲصϷ
ôˡҶ˾ȻԸ˵ȥҽԺһ˶
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ô˵Ҷʵ
˵ʲôĶУֵ˸ࡣ˾ԥһº˵ںܶˣƶڵſҶЦء
Ϊ˱ݲͬʱίȷȥ꣬ȴˣ˼Ǳ߶Ҳûκεıʾмί߶˵УҲûʲô̬ҶǸܵûӰھһֱǺҲˡ
ҶãҶǲ˱ӹ˳ǸǣԲŶھǲ
Ȼˣµһ죬ǵίǡ
٣ô׿ģҶˣЩΪȻЦ
Ҫ˳ǶǶ£Ҳü𹻸߲Уһܹŵ


636 
ٳϵĶȻܶ࣬ǴӰϴ¿ԷΪ֣һǰȻĶǼƺƴ˶һ·֮֮еĹ̺ңԵҲǱҲң鼸ÿ˶
һ־ǱĶֶʱ޿̴ڹٳ֮УÿһλԱǨתĶйϵƺްǶÿһλ漰ĹԱԣȴ˲õ顣
һֶĽֶ֣ɣ߰ܡ
Ӷʡĸǹ˳ǣʱ鸴ӣڴôҲ˯š
Ϲˣ˯ҽ˵еãҪϢúһ˳ǵİ汻˳ŪĶ溰
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ֻǹ˳Ǵʱңﻹ˵ҽһ̲ڶѾǶγɵϰߣ̲ݣƺ涼ͣˣﻹܹ⿼
һζһֱûкúϢ
ķģȻиֳ⣬Ȼ˵ôںӶʡܶΥΥ͵飬ڴַϻǺСĵġ
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˵ӹ˱˳ǸҲһͷۣеˡ
˱иֳЧӦ˵۹⻹Ǻܲģʵѡķû⣬ֻиֳкܶ⣬˱ȴиֳЩɲǴһûᣬѹ˹Ӹǵһ
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ϾǷǳӴͶʣ߶˵ĻȻǲƸǾߴĻǸʧҲ൱صġ
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иֳļǲģѵõӵһ֧Ƚۺĸɲְ顣
ʹڹЧձ»ص£иֳȻܹӯеľĹףʮһٷֵ㣬Ǿء
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˳ǶŸֳǱ¼ʵǺģѾ˼ȳʵ˵ʲôҲûãΨϣ˱Ͻס˵ͣԼҲýⷽ
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˳ϸ룬ʱҶס˾Ƶ꣬ؼίԭҲǺԶ׼ģǲʱ򣬸˳ͻȻҶץ˱ҲȨ֮ƣΪ·Сѣ˳ǴǺˡ
˳ͨĹϵɵ΢ҶǲԸ˳ͻģȻˣǾл͵ء
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˳Ҷ˯ţͿʼӵĵ绰Ҫٴһ£ǵ绰ʼղͨ洫æ˳ǵ治ɵЩĸо
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ţ˳˾һ㶣ȫû뵽ҶϢȻôˡ
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Ȼ˲ϣ˳ǸҶ֮ƽ
˳̸ϵЩͷۣеԼԺӶƿˣʲôﶼͼսԼڵȨˡ
Ҳӹ˱ǹ˱ǳ鷳Ҳ˸ô˳ǵܲˣһʱ֮Ҳû뵽ʲôİ취һӺ󣬾һμԼ߷һЩʵǡ
ͨһ㣬˳Ǿʹһ绰˼Ӻһ¹ڣ߽ɽǵİ칫ҡ


637 ˻
ʲô©˷ҶǴƵ棬ЩƵ飬мί˳ܰ˵绰ǷѾǷסھƵ棿
Ҷʾϸջ̫֪ԸȻ˳ܰмί߶ûʲôرҵεȵȡ
кãڹ˱һĲɣԽԽˡмί˳ܰЩǵرʾԿóҶǵĴ£ҵĸɾ˺ܶ࣬ҲȥһЩӣǹ˱õĻǴҵĸɾܵȽϴѹƣԽչǳ
ҶͷҲֵ֪ºһЩ˶ԼģΪҶλǹϵǼ׿Щ֮ҶԼж󣬾ͺ˵ˡ
мί˳ܰȻڹϱȽϣǲҲô֧ҶҶǣĺ˵ˡ
ĸƤҲ˵˭ϣԼǸһЩλأ
ҶôмίǵλãܹʾǿֶǲģڹҲôһЩ淴
ʵϣڹںܶطǹٳϣϲűҲһԭģ㲻׿֮Ӣ֮ʣҪôݣѹס´һʡ͵ĵƣĺѡ
ڹٳּĳ϶ԣű׻ôҹƽͬһֶˣƸȻڱε˶Ǻ¶Ƕ˶ԾǼĲƽˣԴ˶ԱƸε˳ֻ̬ȣһִɫ۾Ŀȥǡ
¶ˡҶһ֮ͱʾⲻҲһ׮ͨİӶѣ永ԱΣӦóΪǵ⣬Ǽίԣһ׮ӣӦð޹ͬ־Ҫף̰ӣҪԽ¶Уƽ˾ǵԭ˵иֳһҵ̬һģֻҪ֤ȷ䣬ʵ۶Էʲôݣһ鵽׾ǡ
Ҷ˵úáмί˳ܰҶĻҲɵЩޣ˵һ䣬иֳһпǣ㣬ҿӣҪٵһЩǿУôġ
һǾ仰Ҷ֣رʾǴ£ֻҪмίܹ쵽ģҪ˸ˣҪǮǮȫ֧֡Ѵ飬ҪʱЭʡĹϵ赼ͬǻмί֧
˳ܰҶĻӦһ浹Ҳ΢΢һݣλҶмίԶŵģʡί߶Ҳȫ֧֣ɼԼ¹Ȼе⣬ȴȽ׿չˣҲеʧ
˻Ĺòġ˳ܰ˵괺ڼ䣬յɲϽɵֽʮԪƽ𡢲ƷȹֵԪӸƼĸɲУɼû뵽ġ
ҶˣҲе죬Ҳû뵽ջȻô
ǴӲɲļ𣬻ջĽЩϡ
ԭ鲢ûбֻ̫ҪһĿֵµ˶Ҫ£˳ٿôЧȴû뵽澹Ȼ֮á
ڼ䣬սֵܼԪ͹ƷɾǾ˵ģȫضûİ֮ǰеķһ̣ǳ״ˡ
Ҿ˵ǵĸɲ󲿷ֻǺõģ̰ӱϾֻǼҶϢȷʵǱȽϿĵģʢ˳ܰ˵ĹɼͬʱҲʾҪɹȥ﷽棬ҲҪԴлɵҪֿ࣬ȡãһϱʡίмί빦˳ٿԵǲǿƶ֮
˳ܰҲеȽϸˣϾ˻ȻҶָ˼룬ǾôЩִеģڵĽȷʵͬҶ˵ɼȻͬҲܹеĸɲڷܻߵȷľĻеġ
мίĳɼͬҲиɲǵʶľ֡
ȻˣκﶼԵģ˳ܰҲеģĵطû¶ôйڣϽô˵ʲô⣬ǰ᲻أЩûǰأ
ĵط᲻ԴУ˵ɹأ
Ҫ֪ҴˣʲôﶼУʲô˼붼Уĺ˵᲻֡
뷨죬ȼ֮Ҷȿ϶˳ܰ뷨Ȼ˵ǹ֮УɲͻѸٸִͻѸ½ͷڵǼΪģĳģֵ֧ģǶҪǰĸɲƶ֮ǰʲôģȫ׷Źȥҵ
ҶǸɹ˳ġ˳ܰпһڼίʮ꣬еĸɲ٣ҶôΪָڳе쵼ȴǾ޽Уиɲǵĸ
ʵҶȡ˻߳мί׿ϵһԵ㹤ɼˣȻҪƹģΪߣ϶ҲһˣЩⲻ˻˻߽ˣڮٲĨ
Ҷ˳ܰһ£ʱҪ¶ⷽĳɾͣȽͳƺͷ࣬Ȼ͹еһЩо֣̽óһ֮Ч꾡Ȼϱ롣
Ҷ˼ǣͲ㣬һҪҪԼı׼Ϊȫ׼ʡõʱ˻Ϲ㣬ŪƶȥһЦ
ҶΪ˻߿϶Ǻõģ֮ûгɹؼǺĸѾձ黯Ҳȱ֧ߵĸɲͬʱҲûһ֮Ч³̣ԲŻᵼ߱˼ߣ˹ٳЦ
¶ǰͷȻǲˡ
˳ܰ˵һ飬Ҹ˵һ飬ƺʡµһڸɲѵ࣬شϸɲеģϸķûдʽļһἰʱ֪ͨҶġ
õģһЩҪͶһЩˡҶʾȻһǵ飬ٷϾˣ˵ڰҪӣٲ͸¶
˵绰֮Ҷо㱨˻Ե㹤⣬鲻С¶ĳ˵ҶǺҪġ
ĸɲǣȻҲССãǴӳ̶˵ҪȺõĺܶ࣬ԴʱҪɲסаĿԻǱȽϴģٿԽ̰֮ѹڱɴϰΪϰߣߵ
ҶֱȨı˽޳ܵģûмôҲ㼸̣µʵʵڵԵؿҲа
ɵؾܻ¸ʲôأ


638 ɽ
һѩ죬Ȼ˵괺ڹ磬ҲǶѮֹģĴѩǻũҵһӰ졣
˵ǺǻͺжˣҪһӲֳ
ʱ򣬵µĸֺҪĹؼʱ̣ôһģıѩǵĴȴǱȽϴģؽũҵ溦ҪһЩˡ
һǱȽģǾһѩӶʡͶĽͨ˱Ƚϴѹ
ϣӶʡ̨Ҳ˵·ԤźţԤӶʡͶ󲿷ֵ
ܵǿͽѩӰ죬ݾҲǿѩɽѩȴﵽһ׶ѩ׵ı㣬ʮȡ
ⳡѩñȽͻȻ轵·ѩʹѧУʦɽϣط˾ŰɽϵѧԼԱȫȳ
һ磬ʡͿʼٹ·Աѩѩþάֱѩ·εĽͨ
ֹ۰ʡίʡٿ˽ϯ飬ɽڻϷǳǵرʾӶʡͶĺܶ๫·˴ѩУͨͣ٣ʡίʡȻ˴ѩɵĺҲҪ⣬ܲÿ궼ôΰ
ʡίطˣҲʾǿ͹ԭ򣬵ʡ·ʼͣ޲״̬ȻҲǲ׵ģҪ븻·һĸٹ·˵̫ҪģԴͨ򶫽ͳͨҲܹ󻺽ĿǰĽͨ
˽Ŀⶼ˷ֹܽͨĸʡڽ
ڽ̸еѹܴ޽ٹ·飬Ȼһʡܳģ֮ǰɽ룬ʡֵ֧ģҲзԵģɽǡʡһȻصúܡ
ֳϣڽҲܲ˵ʲô
·ȻǺ¶ҷǳӵʤ޽ٹ·ľʵҲһֱڸͨ򽻵󾡿⡣ڽ˵ʽʼǸƿʡȥĲŲʮڣʮڻҪܶ飬׽ⰡһҪóʮ޸ٹ·϶ġûǮ޲·鷳ʼƲȥ
·ǿ϶Ҫ޵ģʽȻϰֻҪ룬Ŭȥܶǻġɽ˵ҵ˼Ȱٹ·ĿŪͷУȷ֯쵼Ҳ˳ֶˡ
ίǺ͸ʡǷ׷׷ԣ̸Լ뷨
ϣҶ·뷨ֵ֧ģڷģ޷Ǿ·Ӧôޣ̬һֱǷǳĸǹ˳ҲʾҪ֧˵ڷԱɲͷȷ棬ʡίӦ÷١
мίҶͬ־Ȼᣬڽо·ľ飬ʺа취ҵ˼Ŀĸ鳤¶ɽ˵
飬˵ûʲôԵ˼
ϾǸܴ⣬˭Ҳ֪ǮҪôԵҲ֪ôܹ˵ǣʮڵʽоԺҪôźã
ЩܹƽĻ֪ܲôһʽ
Ҷͬ־δʱɣʡίطǱʾ
ԭ鲻ǺͬĹ˳ǣطĻжȻһ
ҪͶƱϾҶλֻһʱְҲúطĻҶͷæµôмί߶ʱˡ
ĻԼ֮ìܣҲٺܶࡣ
һζʱڣ˳ǲԸҶģôҲýиֳİӸȥ˵˱飬ҲаѱҶУԲǳĻ˳ǶԣǼΪ顣
ͬ־⻰Ͳˡ˳̾ͱʾȻǸɸҲҪһ֣֮ίȻǺҪҶͬ־ϵĵҲأⲻ٣ҲҪһ㣬ٹ·ǺӶʡ˵Ҫˣ·ʡľþͷչö࣬ϰǵӾҪٶ༸꣬Ǵ°
ʡڽ˾˵˵ǣǼȻ˾ǿҲܲҴŰɣҪҶͬ־ΪӶľýҲźáҾɽǵĹǷǳõģ˲ţҲ̫ƣίһץý
ɽǵͷ˵ǣͷҶ̸һ£ͷ鴦һĿҪˣĵӲᣬҪһ׼
õġطȻе֣ǼȻɽǶô˵ˣҲ֧֣ȻҲ˵ʲôͬĻ
Ͼһɽ˵ĺȷǾٹ·ںӶʡԣȷʵǷǳҪģһɣʡ򾭼õӰ죬Ҳ൱ġ
һεѩ֣ô֪˽ͨҪԣΪԮһЩɽʡ֯Э˴ľʣΪͨ⣬ܶʶڻ˲ȥҲ˸еǳʹġ
ȻҶûʲôôˡɽ˵оһشϸɲѵ飬ꡭ
Ҷӵʡίطǵ绰ģȥһ˶ʡί
ô֪һˣҶ¶ǰòô
ƺصǵϢֻһϣӴϿʼʹǣʡﶼ֪ټֻ˵Ҳ֣߶ûдϰࡣ
ǽطǵĵ绰ҲǽҶļڣȻʵʵػмίˡ
Ҳζţ˳Ǻ͹˱⣬ѾܼرȥˣҶеЩãԭȼƻõ飬ҪһЩ䶯
ȥʡίǱ߶ط˵ϯϵ飬Ҷף黹ôһ¶
ɽǻǵģ鷳Ҷͷ
طȻɽҶ֮ʲôЭ飬ǿҶӣƺûʲô̫ı飬оڲ²⣬˹ʲôè壬Ҷӡ
ڵǣͷϵ飬ҪһˡطЩźرʾ˭Ҳ֪ĿҪãҪǼ˸鳤мί߶Ĺ϶ҪܵӰģٹ·ôḶ́һؾ깤
ⲻܡҶ̾ҡͷںӶҲ˶ãмί߶Ĺһ䣬Ҫ뿪ģҲܰʱ䶼ĿֻɽǴߵе̫ˣôҲڳʮͷϵļ˽ᣬҲиˡ
ɽƺǴץʹɲһС顣طѵ߶Ļ̾Ҫ˵ûдֹˡ
Ǻǣ˭ô˵ңҶʱЦˣҲ̫ģֳһӦùġ
طҶǾСӻʲôûӳ򲻻ôƵᡣ
ҲãмίĹɫطҲϣԼĵֱ˸ãǿطһʧ


639 ֲ
ҶطСͷ˳˻顣
Ȼ˳ɹطҶļ򵥻㱨ҲǴΪȣҪ֪мίܹϽķΧϾޣҪҲԸ£Ƽϵĸɲǣ
ȴû뵽һھ˻϶ٶֽ𼰵ȼ۲ȷʵеЩԾû뵽ڶڸɲǵĸʴ£Ѿֵز
ǵӰ죬ʱѹˡҶʾƹƶȣȡóһ֮Чȫ󲿷Ҫеı׼ʱһȥ
뷨ǺܺõģȫͬطЩп˵ôˣ̫˼ҽǵʱ˵ڵǺصģʱĽģڿҪ黹ܶࡣ
˻⣬ȷʵط˺ܴĳڿһ⣬ľôˣôûнأ
뵽⣬طһ飬Щ
Ȼã鷳¶ںء
ͬʱҲǵһ⣬һмίľ鱻Ƴ֮󣬻ȫķӦأʱǷԵ˱ֵ֧˸ˡ
Ƿŵмί棬Ҳδؾܹõ˵ͬϾе˼е˱أеѭؾɣеͼƾ֣ŪĽ϶ҶҪ֣ĿܾһЭĽ
ĵľǲײࡣҶҲЩǵرʾܹ֮ȡЧǵйϵģؽһ䣬֮ǰɲҲ޹ϵҺɨİҲ޹ϵû⼸ǰĻĺЧ
ط˵ͷҶ˵Ķʵ
ûмίԶǵĴ֧֣ûʡίط֧֣ûҶǿƱԼҶǿֶΣҲȥġ
һȥȡһĳɹ֮󣬾һѵľ棬ܲȫ
ɣѷһЩëطҲһλҪµĸɲ뷨Ҷࡣ
ҪģȻ֪ĽΣ߲Ҳ֮Ūһײķ
Ҫ飬еʱȻҪȨƣ浽˽ҪͷϣҲհǰ˺ûмֱǰˣҲûҡطȻЦŶҶ˵Ҫǵ֯ġ
ǣҴûɥʧġҶҲЦ
ΣҪȥģһЩʱһЩԥѡʼջһȷľǱġ
ûôĻҶҲͲѡˣڵһ̣Ǹңڣ
˵úܺã£ҶڻûеĵزȻҪͨԼŬøһЩ
طǱ߶֮һ·˼λеļίɲ໥к˵пԿóǶҶǱȽϺģҲһΪȻȻûжΪƾܹλϡ
ʮмίǣĸɲȷʵ˺ѽܡ
Ͼ֪Ҷʵˣʵ̫ˡ
оڲҲûмܹҶ֮ǰµĹҵܹΪҲûʲôԵǶҶԣҲʲô£ת˲֮䣬ͻΪܶصעصĶ
߲ؿƿδǶһֱ
Ҷ뿪ʡίոϳ绰һ룬ȻǱصĺŶȴʶ
ãҶҶͨ˵绰˵
ء
Ͳ洫ȴһŮ˵ʱҶЩ㶡
ãλҶӦ֮һ
绰ȷʵе죬ƫƫеҶҲ
Ҷء˵˾仰
ЦôˣӣҶˣȴǺչ˾ĿսЦ
ءЦڶţðŶ϶˵˳Ұְ֡ûɹ
ҽԺ𣿡ҶҲһʵ
Ȼ˵Ц֮䣬ֻôһðѣôһ仰˵úãʮ޵ͬɣãã˺֮УҲ൱׵ġ
ңڷɻϵʱ˻еСҪһ㣬˭˭
ҶЦͿųȥҽԺ
ҹԣҽԺ߶ΪԺ滹һЩԶĲ˻߲˼ʲôģڵϣЩڵģ˾ñȽʹġ
ҶֱӾȥˡ
յ¥ݿڣͿЦ۾ҽԺĳϣЩʧǵӡ
ôˣҶ˹ȥҪкȴЦһӾ˹صؿ
ҶЩ⣬һ߶§Ц壬һֻıͼ侲һ߶ȥԱ߶Ļʿ⾿ô¶
м˵⣬ûѹʿС˵Ȼֲһ䣬ҽԺ˵㲻Ҫˣ
ǿҶȽ˳ۣЦֿ޵һͿĻСʿҲ˵
˽⵽֮Ҷ֪˸βг֮Цĸ׾ûдѹ򵥵˵ڳֲˡ
¶Ҷ֮󣬾üͷ
ҶЦһӣȻ߽ȥһۣȻֱͦͦڲϣϽ˸ֹӣ豸εεţѪѹʲôĶԵ粨ûкԵֻʾ˴һ״̬С
֮ҽԺҲȡһЩȴʩͼǺźһֱδЧ
ʵ侲һ룬ҽ¹ʼǴڵģҲ޷ģֻڲ˼ԣһȴΪԭŪ˻ˣϿ϶޷ܵġ
ЦĸҲڣ̫̫һۣȻҲģе̫ͻȻˣ˭Ҳ޷ܡ
ҽԺˣʾǺܳɹģ˵ΪʲôûѹԭǶ෽ģҪصȴ۲ۣȻ˵ҽԺķȵȡ
֮⣬ҽԺΪԼûʲôûѹӦǲ£ûεġ
ҶڰЦ۵֮̾еˡ
£ȷӦȰ˼Ҫģһ˵ʲôжεĻⲻҪ˼ŭ
úõƽȥͱֲˣ˵зգĽ϶Ҳܹܵģټ̬ȷ⣬ҽƾײŹء
ȻЦʱͷŭˡ
Ұǰջúõģ˸ֲˣѵ˵ҽԺΪβΪ˸Լ𣿣


640 ܲ
Ц׵ĲҶѾһЩ˽⡣
踸ĸеëӦ˵ǶѶ˵ҲǵⶫҽƼĻ踸Ҳôѡơ
ȴû뵽Ȼ飬ֵһҲҡ
зգҶ֪ġ
Ժú˵̬ȳϿһЩĻЦĸҲˣԺһæжΣͬʱŴҪĸãǸеǳŭˡ
˵һѶҲûУ˵֮ûʲôôˣЦߵʵʿ֪ҽ¹ʣô۾˵Ϲһζе
С㲻Ҫҽ̬ȶԽûаġԺ¶Ǹˣʱͱɫô϶գҽ¹ʣרŵĻģ˵˵ôָҽȫûеģ߾Ϊ㸸׵屾ʲôε⣬ŵڵأ
Ҷ֮Ҳеǳ˵ҽԺܶ࣬ǰиʲô⣬϶ھҽԺǱ߶ԲǵطҽԺܹģԶڴ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳûʲôֱ۵ʶ
ΪЦ׵飬ĿǱȽˡ
ֻҲԸִһ֪ˣƤûʲôЧһҲǲԸ⽵ԼĲΣõмίǣĸ߹٣ŸЩһʶ
ǲĻֱ˹ëˣαضأ
ʲôרŵĻҽԺԼ֯𣿡Ц֪ǻôж϶˵󡣡
Сô˵û˼ˡǸ˵ȻˣҲ˵ˣڰѷöˣĻǾͰιܶˡ
˵֮ˡ
ΧЩΧ۵ĲˣҲмһЩֵĻʿǣҿЦĿ⣬һЩͬ飬ǰĪ
һһЩĲͰοˣȺ壬ͨģܹһЩҽƷãǲˣ㸸ӣԺĻҲ˵ģҪԶҪˣš
ڵҽԺֻǮˣҼҶʱҿǧǮĺģ˵ЩӵģǺܲģҲ׳¶һ˼˵ҿǵ⣬Ҫǳⷽ˰ɣ
ЦˣȻЩ֪룬û¶
ھʮڵʱ򣬹ҽƻǽ϶ģҽԺҲȽ棬Ƚ٣һ׶ΣЩҽԺѾܵԸӯѹҽȡСҲʼࡣ
Уҽͻʿǻ϶յĿɹ۵ĺ
ҽҩҵԣ˵ӣ˵ҩĵԶǺܴģµʱСһЩһЩĴھͻСһЩָҲһЩԪĻָҲһЩ
෴鲻ãӿһЩͻȻͬ
ҩҲһһЩҩܹͬﵽЧҪ㿪һЩǳĽҩҲûжϾҽԺ͸׳һֻǵİڲûԼȨˡ
ѵΪûиҽǾͰҰְָŪֲˣЦ֮ɫʱò԰һּȵķŭ
˵ɣеҽô⡭Ա߶һʿ˵ųиҽȱҽ£ǴҽǺõģǲһӴһˡ
ôһΧ۵˶ʱ˵ʲôĶС
ЦȴҶĲϣЩʵҶǲΪûиҽǾͰҰְָŪֲˣ
ûе飬ⴿһ⡣ҶҲͷۣȻЦڵ˼άѾһˣ˶һѭ״̬ƺ飬鶼ܹŪ
˶ҪܵӰģԱðŪС
ҶãӦøһϣǾ˵żҽԺǱ߶йϵȰְתǱ߶ȥпĻᡣ
ҽԺ𣿡Ц̧ͷȻһЩ
רģҲḻģ쵼˶￴ģ˵ܲ𣿡Ҷش
ҪתԺҲôףǵȰѷøˣȻǩһЩļȵҽԺ׼˲СǰǸΣ֪ʲôʱˣ˵תԺ飬һ˵
Ҷһʱˣ־ԼֻȻ´绰Ҷ
ҶãʲôָʾԵ÷ǳ
𣿡Ҷһǰ칫οе£˵ҾҽԺ߶ܺȽأ˹һɡ
ҽԺǣҾʹ˹ȥе֮󣬾һ㶣֪ҽԺôǵҶҲûж룬ֱӾӦ
Ҷóֻ绰ʱǸξ;еԾˣȻ˵ڵֻѾǰô󣬿һǮ¿ֻҲΪ֮ĿȻǰλˣƲ
ٿЦôƯ˵ǿս㣬λ˾Ҳ˵Щ˲ǮȨ²ôǵġ
ǺܵģϾ¶ԼûжĹϵҪ׷ΣùҲΣҽͻʿѣҲǺںңҲǰһ绰ܸ㶨ҽԺ
ϾҽԺǸĹܣʡֱӹŵġ
βţҶһ绰ܰʡ˸Ϊͷ
Ȼûãе¾ʹ˸Ϲˡ
Ҷǣʲô飬ôе˹ǹеѯʵ
ҽӵٱ˵ҽԺ߶ܺȽأΪûͺ׾ͱŪֲˣҹ֮˴ҵ߿࣬ǴĿİҶ˵ҽԺǾ˵ĵطڶʲôˣֱ߰㣬֪νϿϸһ飬˲ٻȥҼҪŪģ
߶˵Ǹξ;е֣ǿŶԷü˹඼СӣҲΣһʲôλģҽԺɲҰ
мί참ӣن˿ûôĺһСָıӾͺȵ
мίǸ֮󣬻һ̾ͷӦˣмίļٵģģǹҲǲʵģǿʡֱܵλǹܲǵģʡίࡣ
ǺǣĹܲ𣿡е̾Цˣһֱĵ顣
ǹܲǸαúܲҲӲض˻ȥ


641 
ǹܲǸαúܲҲӲض˻ȥ
е¿ǸΣҡҡͷܵ߹ܲ˵˲㣬ԺȻȥк
Ǹοе£ֿҶٿе´Щˣһʱ֮Ҳ㲻ʲô·ȻҽԺ¶ӦЩģҪôȫ˽ˡ
ҽԺֱܵĵλ涼岻֣ǼȻмίȻӦúĹϵǻǲˣ˵Щ̡
ԺҲĵλ߶ȻܺΪЩ˻϶ЩĴãҪǣҽԺôȥأ
Ҫ֪ôĲڵأһҽ˸չ¶ûа취
˵ҽԺ̯¶ҶҪ˵žܺʲôģһߵĴȾͲӦˡ
˵ЦǶҽԺԸӯˣôշĿܳŵ̯ӣ
Ҫ˵ǵĹô࣬ô΢һվʮСʱ̨ܵʲô¶أ
Ҫܣֲݣô˵飿
ξ¶˭ҲˣִˣͷĿ϶ҽԺ߶мί˾Ҫˡ
ãȻô֣ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ뷴дţҪͷҲԺͷۣԼ㲻ʲôֺα߶ǶŸɣСأ
ҪǱ߶һ󼱴ٵĽŲǹԺż쵼Ϲˡ
ҶԺ˻ûйȴˡ
һ£֪Ժڸ˭˵
СҶԺΣظһ顣
ĸҶǣе£¶ʵ
мίҶǣ˵𣿡Ժʵ
ˣеӦղмί⼸λдڰ
ҲһλҶǣղ֮ĶԻ̷ӦˣԭλſսˣǿеλҶǣ
ֻǲ֪ôСӣмίһʲôأ
ҶǣκǽҶһ䡣
ҶûǿеһԺһмίҶǣͬʱҲʡίίǶЩƲҶǹ꣬ĸɲºüˡ
Сһʱһ
ôҲҶôᣬȻмίˣһмίֻǸɲѣλεĻƺҶǸɲгƽˡ
粻ίǽ󿭸ոյݲʡίίУҲǸĸɲѡ
ʵ̫ˣ⼸λûƭˣξͺܱط֣ԼȻһλļίǶţ¶ֵģɲСʡίί˼һ仰ܹԲ˶ߡ
ת룬Լ鵱вûʲôʧһѣھôùλҶǸϳιɣ
ҶãҽԺԺˣ֪鹤˵ˡԺҲˣҶҽԺ˲Ĵһͺ˹ʰˡ
Ҫ˵мίһɲҽԺ¶ԺҲģϾмί˳֮ܰ䣬еͬѧĽ飬˵ϻ˵ҽպȻϵҽԺڵȷʵҲѶž
ϾҪҽԺᣬ˼˵Ըӯˣ¶ҪԼ취ȥôҽʿ͹ǵĹʺ͸ҽԺĽ裬豸ĹãԱѵͻЩҪѵĳƱֵ֧ġ
ҽԺľޣ˵ͷ˲ͷ豸ǲܵģôҲֻмٸķˣҽʿǶԹԵģһ㣬ҽԺȻ֪ܺ󣬿ҲԸȥĲ鴦Ͼԭġ
ҽԺûбҽʿô˼ԼҪ취ˡ
˵棬ǸƶйأǰһʲôǹĻҲͲˣҶûк֮ǣôŪôŪ
ǹԺͬѧ˳ܰҶмίǵ飬֪ҶһˣֶιݣĹڣ֣һûʲôѹƵסʡί˳ǸǼҶҲֻжŵķݶҽԺԺҸҶŸɣ
ĴҲǸҶƽѡ
ҼίҪʲôĻûʲô˼ɣϾǸʵǺܲͬ
ԺҶ˳ǣЦһ£Ȼ˵мίֹԺںܶܺΪǹҪֹģҾãбҪһ£жأȻٿδá
ֱӾҪˣȥܹԺʲô˵ôӲĿùԺˣҲǱȽƵģ˵ҶǻһڷԵģбҪô̫
ҾûôذɣԺҪһԼģܹάҽǵ棬ôԺҲְ̫ˣȻ˵쵼ԱǵõģҪϳȥɱˣ˶¶滤һ£ͲǶܹ
ʸպҽ϶ּϱȽϹӲҽǶѵҪܵҲ˼ҲԸء
ԹԺԼԲܹôЭҪֵġ
ôˣҶüͷһΪ˼֪ǵĹأûиҽʦⲡ˵һСëŽȥģųĵҲ˵ˣֱӾ͸ֲˣ˵ʲô飿
ֲˣԺˣȻһ£治踸顣
ΪһҴҽԺԺæͣʲôʱȥʿҵľ飿
˵ҽԺʲôģǾ͸ˣֳŪ˵Ĵ¶Żᾪ
踸ȻᶯˣʱϾȻҲûдĶȥʱҶôһ˵Ժʱһ⣬˵ֲ˼ҶǳಲԭŮѵĸױ˸Ūֲˡ
¶ŵ˭ϣǲ̵ģ˵˼ôһɲˡ
С⵽ô¶Ժɫһ䣬ʱκǳ
ˣҲǱŵһ£Բ±ˣǶԼĶͷ˾ȴûаƢ
еģҽûȡҲھºְѲҽԺҽġҧ˵¶ǳˣ˲֪ô룬ҽ϶Ҫġ
ǽӸԳҽ¹ʣҽԺҲЩǮҽЩֶѣҪͬҶ˵ӹɱˡ
أλģ¶ǾԲܹϵģҶٶҲҲһԭ⡣
ǳˣԺΣο϶Ҫͷ󱻴ġ
ҳԣɾԲ˵˺̾ͷϵ顣


642 
ô˵ԩˣҶһźεĿ⣬ɱˡ
Ҷвᷢŭ߶һֱЦ޿ظŪܲãʱȻҪֻġ
һ֮£е©ĸоŵúеӣôҲû뵽λҶȻᣬȻʡ쵼ǡ
ǹԺҽԺһ֣Щ˵ȴҲûҶѹôԡ
飬Ӧˡһ촽ɰͰ͵˵ҶҲ֪ģҽԺ˶ӣԺܶ飬Զﴫպ飬˵ûУǾǼˣΪˣͷҽԺĴ󲿷ͬ־ǣϾҽԺȥȫȽλģʡҲù
ˣԺźεӣԼҶ飬Ȼܹ³һ
ŸղҶζԻĿյһԱ߶ֵ໤ʿӻʿõ˱ȽĴ𰸣֪¶ԭҲֵôзģֻС¶ҪʲôҽҩʲôģְٰҽΣԲǵ˼Ҳ˼˻
ˣ¶ԭôҲҶ
Ҷ飬Ժ䣬֪λСүȷʵǣƫƫ۵ҪҶŸɣⲻû¶¶
ҽԺΪһ飬ȫԺίɧһӣôӰ󲻴Ҳ˵Ⱦͳˡ
һͳҿ˼⣡Ժ̶Ժϴɫʲôм˷˴󣬾ͿԲŲ𣿣ôɵģΪʲôĿû⣬ǿǳǷ˵ʲô˵ξûд˼
Ժҡһӵί˵ҲΪҽԺĴ밡
ҽǶΪ¶˹ҿԺô
ʲôңȺúõؼһԼΪ˵ԺͲ͵ĻᣬԺҶͷϣҪǱ粵Ļջ¶Ͳʰˡ
Ե֮ҪȰҶסȻ̸⡣
ǹԺתͷҶ˵Ҷǣʵǲ˼ҹϸ񣬵˺ҶָҪǸڹþˡ
Ժֵ˺һۣȻŶҶ˵ҶģҽԺһһ˸ôľ⳥⣬һձ׼ãȡ˼½⣬ҽԺ
Ժ⼸仰˵ҲϵģΧΧȺˣҲλԺǸ˽쵼ӦǿסģǷ׷׹ơ
Ӧˡ
ԺǸùһˡ
ҿǸξͺ⣬Ϊʲôǿҳ⣬иӵġ
ģʱìͷָΣепѱ磬ҪģҿԺɱһĿ⣬ʱְͷ˻ȥ
˰ɣĻֱӾͱԺ׳ȥɱͷˡ
ҽԺҲ˺öˣ֪Ժ˲ӲΪ˴ҲǺˢӵģʱôͬ£Ϊʲôƫƫֻλˣ϶һЩ˵Ƶġ
ҶǣԺҽԼΰͷһͣڷˡ
Ҷǲǿڲȼһ£ԺһۣȻҶտ˴мί߶ҲͦæģûҪ˷ôɣ
еˣһ˵ԺмίҶҲΪҽԺķչ룬ҽǷ׷ЧȡôҽԺ֮ĹϵԽԽģҽԺҲᱻЩ˸㻵ˡɷͷӦüʱֹģҪʶ
˵ǰⷽǹȷʵΣһϸԲ飬˳ˣ쵼ʧòʧԺһٱ֤
Ҷ˿ȻλԺȻˣ鶼ֵزӦ˵Լپȥˡ
ֿЦһۣ˼˵ô
ЦһֱڷôҲû뵽ԳίӵҶȻмίǣĸ߹٣ôɲһ붼š
ҶĿ⣬Цһ£ǵ˵ͷ
ʵ飬ͷβЦĸûҪҽԺֵģֻǳ¹ʣϣҷҪֺȷãżŭĸŮˣЦҲô
ȻҲû飬ôҶ˵ͷ˵Ǿô˵ʱͻȻ溰
ҽԺɱ˰Ҫ״
ܴΪҶͬԺ棬ΧΧȺǶûд˵׷׿Ҷô飬ֳȽϰ
ͻأҲܼһӾʹ˵Ķ档
ţҶĵطһʱеüˡ
ԺͷһʱҲüͷ
Ҫ״ĲһˣһһŮͶʮˣǸŮĿɫȽϲ԰ףеĳʵͽģһԲŮģӦӣȴ֪Ϊʲôܵԩ
ô¶û¶Ҫҡе¿ͦõģۿžҪԲչˣȴϺ֦ڣʱеżǾ߹ȥҪλŪһ߶ȥ
ϾҶмίǵ̫һЩСȷʵܲ㡣
˵Ҷſˣô¶Ͳò鴦ȥˣһС¶Ҳпܱͳɴ⣬һ涼ǺܲģԿе²ϣ鷢
ĻǷ׷Ч£ôмίͲøɱˡ
ңĶмί棬ʵҲǺ׵ϾҪץɲģҽԺ߶Ȼ˵Ҳйϵȴֵ˼ҵľС
˵ˣһҽԺûмԩĲأǹܲġ
Ҫ״Ů˵ţ͵δδˡ
Ҳǿ
Ա߶ƺҲ֪λ飬ʱ̾
Ҷˣ֪Ǹ鷳ȴܲܣΧ˹ĭܰˡ
ôţίǾ˲𰡣ԼŮ˰¶ôֵ˼ҵ飬ͲŲˣ⵱ʲôٰ
Ϊ˱Ϊ٣Ҷǲò顣
һ£ͶԹԺ˵Ժİ칫ãλȥһ
õģû⡣Ժüͷ̴Ӧ
ʵҲҶظҽԺĹֻҲܲܣڴֳ֮ͥ칫˽´һЩ
٣ҽԺܹסһЩί߶Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Щ飬˵˵治ôһܹġ
λһɣȥҰ칫˵ԺͰضһһŮ˵


643 Ҷ
δʱˣֱӹȥһһŮţȻʿæԺ칫ҷȥ
Ҷǣ⼸λͬ־һȥɡԺҶ˵
ҶԺҲûʲô̫ԹϾǺһͳ¶׶۸˼ĸŮ飬ҶԹˡ
һһŮͻ¼ҶʾҪİ칫ã˵λҶȻᣬ¶ȴ·ģ˶ҲǴøУʱֿ˺ܶࡣ
һ˾Ժİ칫˹ȥ
ҾͲùȥ˰ɣԱ߶ЦͰ͵Ҷ
һȥɣҲɲʲôóҶ˿˵
踸ֲˣסICU棬¶лʿտţҲҪ˼ʲô飬ĸŮʵҲǸɺʱ䣬ûʲôô
һ㣬ҶϣЦȥͽ踸һʡԺ߶鷳
ϾһҵڶϵģҶҲԸû¶ҽԺܣһɹɵˮζʵǲθڡ
ЦҶĻ˵ͷȻ轻һ͸Ҷ˳ȥ
㲻˵Լί𣿡ЦСҶôֱɼίˣ
ίǲί𣿡Ҷʾί¸¶ίʲô
Ц֮ϸ룬ƺҲ˵Ҷƭֻ˵Ҷ˵ֻ˵һѣȷʵί쵼¿չģֻݼҪȱ˸һЩ
˲ʵЦ˰죬Ҳ˵ҶƭӣֻһԹصֵ
ʵЦһʼͶҶкøеġ
˱ȽϵѧʱȽϼ򵥣ѧУֱӽ˺չ˾Ȼ˵ڷɻϽӴҲȽ϶࣬ͷܹɻҲǺܶ࣬Ҵ˵ûʲô
ҶһʼЦͱȽϸϷԣʱͷµĽӴȻЦܴ˼ķʽҲ޷ǡ
Ҫһ㣬Ҷܺãһܹĸо
ת֮ЦŻҶӴԸԼ׵޷Ҷһ·ͬУ·ϻڴѩ֮С
еЩδЦԣӰ϶ǺܴģڸױҽԺ֪ܻΪֲ˵ʱ뵽ľҶߡ
ҶȷʵҲûʧ̾͸˹Ҹµ𺳡
˭Ҳ벻ôᣬȻмί˰
ʱЦǾеŤˣǸίӵСԱҶһʲôѹͻȻмίǵҶһ𣬾˾ЩӦˡ
ЦϾҲֻһͨŮӣȻҲ̽ҶϵĻת䣬ǾøҶһȺһһЩֵֹĸо
ûвʵû׷ȥѡҶ΢ЦŻӦЦһ㵱ʱҪҵݣҲûѻŪġ
ô˵Ϊ̫ˣЦ֮󣬺Щա
Ǳֻ˵δҶЦ
ʵڴ󲿷˶ԣĳɳֻ˵ռ˳ɳʮ֮һʣµľųɣĳɳҪʱڵĻܹγɵģ鱾֪ʶֲܹ
ЦҶ⾭ˣȻҶ˼ʽࡣ
ĪˣЦЩϾ˵޼ΪʲôҶͽƻֻϺꣿ
ҶЦЦ⡣
ʲôʱҲǣЦЩ˵
ô˵ɣҸ㽲һ¡Ҷһ¾˵һֵܣǵļס80¥ϡһлؼңִ¥ͣˣȻǱŴûʲôѡǸԵܵ˵Ǿ¥ȥǣǱʼ¥ݡ20¥ʱǿʼˣ˵̫ˣɣǰѰáǣǰ20¥ɶˣ
˵ЦǺþ40¥ʵˡ뵽ֻһ룬˿ʼԹָԷע¥ͣ繫棬Ż³Ǳ߳һ·60¥60¥۵ܵҲûˡܵܶԸ˵ǲҪˣɡĬĬؼ¥80¥ˣ˷ܵſֵŷǵԿ20¥İˡ
˵ʵǷӳǵ20֮ǰǻڼˡʦ֮£źܶѹԼҲ졢㣬˲ⲻȡ20֮뿪˵ѹж˰ʼȫԸ׷Լ룬ع20ꡣǵ40꣬ഺţź׷ڣǿʼźϧǸԹǸڱԹжȹ20ꡣ60꣬ʣ࣬ǸԼҪڱԹˣϧʣµӰɣĬĬԼꡣľͷԼʲôûɣԭе붼20ഺ¡
˵˾Ͱ¶ûбҪĽˡҶЦ˵ػÿһ죬Ҫѱ˵Ĵ󵱳ԼĸԶû̬ȥԹźڣᷢԼúҸ
˵ĺܺáЦ֮˵һһµķ֣ǻ졣
ʲôϵҶʱеЩЦá
ĺΪЦ壬û뵽Ȼɻˣ̬ԼȷʵеˣԲǶʮ̬
Ժİ칫ڹսǴ¥Ķ¥ϣҰΧľҽԺ¥ָ֤ܵǱ߶һӰ죬νȡ
Ҷ롣ԺƣҶȽ
һɡҶͷһ¡
ԺͺΣҶЦһһŮ߽˰칫ңе½ԼǸһ£Ҳ˽Ҷ
Ҷҿ˿Ժİ칫浹ǱȽϼ࣬һҽԺ񣬶ʵòţɫҲ򵥣ΨһЩͬģشȽϴ󣬼ǽˣشһԵⰻȻð칫˲
ԺԸξæŶ˲赹ˮ˰ϡ
ǳ˴ȻҪ뷽跨ֲһ£ºôиСĻᣬȻҪϽӭһʡҶٿ˳ۣë
˵˵ô¶Ҷ֮󣬾һһŮѯʵ
ȻҽԺԺ칫棬Ϊһν̸Ҷģʲãǵ
ϾղӺ˺ҽԺɱ˵Ŀںţģô⻹ǱȽصģҶҲҪ⵽ô¶ѵһصҽ¹ʲɣ
쵼ǡŮ˻û˵һĻȵˡ


644 ˵Ҷڹע
ȱҶһƣʱЩͷʹ
˵ףڻЩ˽⣬һЩȻ֪鲻٣ȴ󲿷ֶϲţ˵Щҳ̵飬͸еˡ
е¼״˹ȥˮݸŮˣȻ˵ô¶˵˵ɣ쵼ÿôҪҲܹ޿䡣
˴ӽ֮Ҳһ״˿еµĻŶ϶ؽɣ˳
ԭλӣҲǱˡ
еĽľŮĽ䣬ˣһװС꣬һҲмǮĽˣСӹò
˽߰ˣһŮ
Ǳ߶ļƻץýԶ̥ĴȽ˾˾ٱȻǿƶ̥ҪһķټϷװҲͦæµ˵Ҳûһ˼
ֻȥʱȻֻ˺ӡ
¶еˣΪ֮ǰ˻ģҲ֪ʱ䳤ʧЧˣôţȵֵʱеԽˡ
ӵûоô˴ǣǼŮ뷨ȽأһҪһ
Ϊһ£һϣȵġµʱBһ£ȻǸкӴҵͶˣǿźһҪż
һϼƣҲԺǽҲи
ǾʰʰǱ߶ķװ˳ȥܵ߶һǶǰˣһҲǵԭϵĻ̥ЩõӰ졣
ϾϹٻеģĲ٣Ҳ߶ҽҪúܶ࣬һиʲôҲôһЩ
ôţסˣеһ߶򹤣һ߶չš
ǰһӣڳ˵顣
Ǳ߶ǰ¶ż·Ͽɢ˳ȥԺ˵¶
˵ˣ˰˵ףȷϢ֮й쵼˾ĸŪԲĻĳɼĨϺȵġ
Ϊ飬ݼ˾ǣ˲ڣ׽סˣ͵ҽԺҪǿ
ʱ̥ѾȽϴˣǴ֣ȵ̥֮Ū
ƺЩֱģôɷҲ˵ʲôǷеͨ
͵飬͵ɹҲͰˣ֮ȻǺڻҲûҰѺӸŪû˵ģ˭Ҳôǻڶ̥ƺûȨģԾͱȽϿơ
ƫƫмֳ˵飬ƺ̥ȽӲ˶̥֮Ȼûһֱŵ֮󣬹Ŷ
¶ӵĴ̫ˣڶ߰˸µĺӣ֮飬Ǹĸ׵ľܹᵽ
һһ⣬ʱΪҽеϻʲôģиӹܵƻ󲻵òгˡ
Ҳ˵ԺҲûлˡ
ŮֱҪˣе֪¶ʱŲ˵ȥ׷ɱݼˣ󱻹һݲųǾ˵¶Щ꣬Ÿչ˵ġ
ݼǱ߶λͨϰôҲǲģӵһֻܰìͷָҽԺ߶ˡ
˼ΪҪûҽԺΪŰô̥ҲھͲ˶֣Ϊǵ⣬ԼŵӹҲгˣΪȺΪ
쵼һҪŮ˿޿غ
Ҷһ飬ʱҲеͷˡ
ίܲ顭ҶЩΪѵرʾ
ƻǹߣ޷ҡģҶҲԼսߣȻеʱҲùϿߣδؾͻеĺãǹ߾ǹߣҪı䣬͵ͨǼǧ˵ͬС
飬ôðġ
ҶҲ֪ڴ·̥ĴƺҲһЩصĹ涨ǵµ˲еʱͱȽϺˣݼô·ݵ̥һŪôףȥģȷʵǱȽ˸еŭġ
Ա߶ĹԺˣʺ¶ϸ
ʵҽԺӦóеΣû˵ôءζ¶ģΪŮӹѵԭҪݼıΪԺûйϵҽԱҲûʲôϵгŮӹҲΪ
Ժ˿ΣΪʲôҲ֪
ľףÿ춼УЩܴ˾ʹˣҲ¶鷳쵼һ̯
Ժֿ˿ҶҶǣ顭
飬ͲǼίܹ˵ġҶЦֻܹһ£ݼ鵱УǷڲģ˵еľ⣬õķӣȥҷԺ
ֶ˵ǵ飬ǱȽͬģǼƻǹߣܶҡеϸҲҪ鿼ǣҽǻȥԺɡ
ˣ֪ҶȻᣬȴǴٶȻ׷ŹֻǱʾҶ
飬һֱǹٹ໤ԺţŵҽԺֵġе˵
ءŮˣֿˡ
ҵģȥԺҶԸ浢ʱˣһֵĳߣԺǱ߶͸˵ڹעӣûᣬǾҡ
Ӷʱе֪룬ǷӦҶ˵ĻһǺŪˣʱҲˣǾͱˡ
쵼Ļɡе¶˵쵼Ϲ飬ѾǶǵ֧ˣ;ȥ⣬Ҳûа취ǡ
ſеСֹ˼䣬ǽһ쵼ôڡ
˿еµĽͣγѣæرʾ˸л
ʵϣ黹ֻ߷Ժȥ죬Ϊ漰̫ˣݼִܵУҲˣǵһ鷳ξ·̥ĴҲҪԺһȷĽ綨˵ӹг⣬ҪԺίרŵļᶨίԱоˡ
֮ܶȽϸӡ
˿еȰ֮Ҷϵʽлһ뿪ˡ
ⶼʲô¶ҶҡҡͷҲû뵽һ˶ҽԺȻȷʵǱȽ鷳
˵ˣҶʼվüƻȻǹߣִеʱҲҪģ˵Ѿܹɻĸ壬ҪһŮȫɱȽصвͺֵȶˡ
Ҷǣ̸̸λС㸸׵ɡûˣԺͶҶ˵֪Сʲô뷨ȻԺ⣬ܴӦǶᾡӦ


645 뷨һ
ǲǾò񫣬ôɾͷŹǣҶʵ
Ҳ֪ЦҡҡͷһãȻ
Ժ칫沢û̫ͣãԺУӦ˵źˣϾҶϸһҽƱ棬֪踸ҲȷʵΪ⵼µģҽȻҪһΣڵΥְҵһֻ˵¡
ҶǲˣЦҲǲˣľ֮ҲͲʲôǵ뷨һ˼踸ָ档
Ҷϵ˾ҽԺҪ踸͹ȥƣǷлָϣ
ʵֲûʲôõĽֻǾѣܲ˵һ鶼ͷƣҲ൱ڷϣ
ڵȾֱʱҶͬЦ̸˽ǶԷĴʽ
ʵĴʽһ㶼·ġҶ˽飬ɵҡҡͷҪһˢټ򵥲ˡǵΪ˴飬ôȫҵͷѹȥֱӴǼˣץץ÷ҵôĻ򵥿ݣϰյĿߴ󣬺ֶΪأΧȺڿˣҲֽкã񫡣
Ӧþ𣿡ЦҶĻЩ
յӾе·۹Žٶϰ϶·ҶԼȻҲôĺôΪʲôһҪ÷;֮ڷͥأ
ЦҶȷʵе㲻׵ģΪǶһ١
ȻˡҶ͵ΪԱϰյ˼άʽȫͬġ
Ц⣬ҶȻ֮͵ˣ϶飬㽫Եɸ򵥽һȻϰռ飬Ȼϲץһɱһɾ䣬ϰ٣ϲԼҪʱͦԽɷĹԱǶڹԱ˵ͬܵżģΪǹƻߡеڹԱҪһߣάƣԼصߣôȻҲЧ£ҶôҸ㣬ˡԣһЩС飬һԶģǣ浽ϵ飬һҪչ
ίĹҪǼͼ죬ҶǷ˵ģע飬ӦģֱӲֽȥ永ӵǾͺܳˡ
ԭ˵Ц֮Ȼе⣬ǴѾˡ
ʵϣе⣬ΧųԽ߷ģҶֵߣշɷ£Ȼûô鷳Ҫԣʵǰ̳ⱾġҶ˵Ե֮ϵĹԱһ㶼ֱӲְ죬ͨעǿ참ĺϷͺԣϰӲܵӰ죬Ҳˡ
ǵٵҲЦˣЩп˵
ȷʵ΢Խһٲ׳أ϶ҪСĴµġҶͷҪӢۣЩعĹԱǣ󶼱߳ȥˡ
ܿ죬ֱ͹ˣæµһӣ踸̧ȥȻֱȥҽԺЦĸҲһͬȥˡ
뿪ʱҶͿЦһֱſֱϴ֡
ܿ죬Ҷͽӵʡίίʡί鳤ӽĵ绰ȥʡί̸
飬Ҷܹ³һЩƾҪ̸Ǹٹ·Ŀˣ͸ȥʡίӽ
λεʡίίʡί鳤Ҷûж˽⣬ֻ˵ǴӾǲλģ˵
ô˵أʡίίӳԱҲôʮˣһЩʮһˣҲᳬʮȫʡǧ˿ڣҪʮ쵼˵ʡίίȻ˵Ȩλء
ʡί鳤ְȴεúܣ˵ȨɣȫʡϹԱʹԼʡشߣлȨ
Ҫ˵Ȩܴɣʡί鳤ҪְǱʡίڲԼʡίǵճһ仰˵ȨС̶ܴ϶ȡʡίǵγ̶ȡ
ҪǵõʡίǵΣȫ渺ʡίڲ񡢸ʡίʡϵЭʡί칫ʡίоҵְܲţʡίʱԼһйȨúܡ
ҪǵòʡίǼǵΣʡίڲССְܹһȺ鳤ֵ˵ʡίǡʲô飬Ҳֻεĸ鳤죬ʡί鳤׳˰ΣûʲôȨ
ʱ򷴶ͨʡˣٸʡǻԼһĶֵؿ
Ϊʡίίʡίί϶Ҫ⼰ش߶лȨʡίҪʲôߣִͨܿģҲʡǣŲʡί鳤м˸վֱӸʡίǶţģ໹ǸǼί£ڳίϵǹʹ
һ£ʡί鳤ҲֻܻʡίǵӰ֮£ʡίǵӰǿʡվȽŸҲڴûжȥȨûγԼĵϵʡ˵ȱһʡίԱӦеĵ
ԣʡί鳤ǻǶǸɻӵ֣˳ʡίܼҡ
ȻǹܼңȻܸᲢˣȻҲʡίίȴʼ
ӽʮ꣬ʡίίҲǱȽģһ㵽ĸɲ϶ʮˣǾͿʮҲ֣Ͼվһʡ߷ˡ
Ҷͬ־áӽҶ֮󣬾Цӭ˹
鳤áҶû뵽˼ҾȻʺˡ
֣Ȼ˵
Ҷ˿ӽ;λ鳤ͷںڣüëŨһЩȥ㣬ʢȻһ̯¶ȴ˿ûʲôƣĸов
˵Ҷͬ־Ĵʽ棬ȻĽӽЦ˵
鳤ˣֻ˵ѡҶǫرʾ
һҪһʵ⡣ӽҲûôķϻֱӵؾͱԼ̬ȣٹ·ҪʽȱڱȽϴʮҵͶʣŵﶼ˲õĴĿʽٶҲȽϳзҲǺԸſ֮ǰɽǵ˼ǣҶͬ־ǣͷ⣬ҽҪҶͬ־ʵһ顣
Ҷ֮󣬵˵ͷ֪ɽǸµˣ֮ǰԼӦҪ󣬱ʾԸΪʳʱӽԼʾ᳹ɽǵͼˡ
ȻˣȻӦ˵飬Ҳܷڣֻļƻӽǵ룬һ¶
鳤˵֮£ɽǸҶ̹Ȼرʾʵ飬ԸģǷʽĿǰʡί˼·Щġ
ŶӽˣʱЩ⣬ɵÿλò񻰵ɲҪʵ뷨


646 ֮
ӽӶʡ֮ǰ⾭óģһֱǴҵ񣬶ڹڵЩȷʵ˽ⲻԺӶʡҲô
ɽͬ־оɣһɽͬ־Ӷʡʡίίʡί鳤ְ񣬲ҹһ˸ʡԱɽͬ־Ͼûе޻̸ĵزЩǲ֪ġ
һΣҶ˵ܹ⣬ȴѭʡίĿǰ˼·ӽеǳԾ˵λ˾ôģ
ӽҶ뷨ܺ棬治ʲôӽҲСҶϾܹɽͬ־Ŀθ鳤ƶҶҵ˵ҶԲµµΪ֮
ҸҪһ㣬ӽԼ֮ǰĸɲ˼ҶС˲жʮ꣬Ѿĸɲˣ˵ʲô
˵棬Ǿ˵Ҷ񣬿ӽֲίĹԱȴףǷھǵЩŵӵ棬ҶͣҲǷһǶ൱۵ģ˵ʲôʮ궼Сġ
ֻ˵һ⣬˼ҶбҲͬʱҲǳغãԲĵλǱĽġ
ӽҲһ㣬Ѿ͸ɲú˸ļҪ󣬾ޣ˺ǿԼҪҶĹ£ǲˣ淢شı仯
Ҷͬ־ȻԼ뷨ǾͲ˵˵ӽЩ߰飬ȴụ̂ͣǿѯʵ
鳤ȻˣҾͽһҶ뷨Ҷͷʾڳʵ飬ɽ¸ᣬ뷨ʡԳɵĳɵʽȡͨĳңಿдɣĻͰ30ڵ㣬ʡҪԳʽڵʮڣͨʮڣдڵҡ
ӽ֮󣬵˵ͷʾҶ˵ûɽȷʵôǵġ
Ҳֻʡһͨ㣬ϾôĿͶʽ̫ˣƹҪĻʽѹȻܴǽͨǱ߶һҪóʮֺ֧ӶʡѶ²һĴ
ҲΪ⣬Ӷʡٹ·飬һֱû̸
ɽҶ⣬ҲǿҶϣܹʽ⡣
ֻҪʽôٹ·Ľ⣬׶ˡ
ҷǳ϶ؽһ䣬ܹͨóǶˣʮڸͲܣҶرʾ
ŶΪʲôӽ֮ҲΪ棬֪ҶΪʲô˵ôƶͺǽͨĴ󲿳һ
ʽͶ⣬ģǰһЩĿֳģӽΪͨͶʮڣӦûʲôģҶôһ˵ƺ滹Ӧʲôһ
ҸͨĹ̸飬˵ͨʽѹҲǳ󡣡Ҷӽ˵Ҫľ֮ǰصͶȽ϶ָ࣬ƣǲ棬з棬ʽ涼ȽϽš˵ڲ޽ٹ·ʱ
ӽ֮󣬵ûзֻ̾˿ҲֻʱҴѽӶʡĽͨҪϱ·أٹｨɵĻô򶫵ͨʹˣںӶʡľڷɣ岻һɽǵľҲܴųѣҲҪսͨ
ҵȻɽҪµʵˡҶ˵Ҳ㰴ʡίԭȹʣҪʡ
ʣǲװɡӽˣʱüͷȻûиףҶ˼ʲô
Ȼ˵ռƻʡҪԳʽŸڵʮڣܹҲֻʡǹΪ޽ٹ·ҪӻԾֲ֮㡣
ӽҲȵȰ裬ҲõӰ죬Ҳࡣ
ʽԣĻʡҲԸôġ
Ҷ˼ӦҪⷽ涯ԽˣӽҲеЩǡ
Ȼô򵥵ˡҶʱЦ˵һ·ͨĻ϶Ӷʡϰն˶棬ݲصĲͬǿԻֳصȻ󽫽ʽ̯
ط棬ûôǮˡӽѵȻֻΪķʽƺеʵȴвͨģϾκһУʱ֮Ҳòüڵרʽ
ҵ˼˵ʽ̯֮󣬿תΪ·Ȩȡطʽ𣬶طûǮĻҲԽЩʽͨѺ·ȨߵѺʲķʽļҶش룬طϵĸѾˣԸַͨʽˣӦôڡ
ӽĥһ֮󣬾˵ԭϣ¶еͨģ漰˽֮ĹȨû⣬Ҳûʲôǲòġ
ҲеĻǾֻ˶ˡҶһ̯ҿѰҴʽֱӶԸٹ·ͶʣȨʡ棬ǾӪȨɳʷаһʱ䣬Σ
ӽ֮󣬸Щò׼ˡ
ʲôʽһӾõóôǮ·أ
Ҫ֪еͨĹҲǳӵģʱӪȨаô·շ⣬߸ߵ͵͵ܶ鷳¶һ˼˵ҳа˹·ԸնǮնǮôʡôأ
ʡĻ̾ͿԽʽ⣬֮ʽͿԵˣͬʱָӵĳаԶʮΪ׼ںתʡоӪҶӽƺΪ⶯ֲһ䡣
¶ҵɽͬ־㱨ͬ⣬ϳίһ¡ӽرʾ
Ȼ˵Ҷ飬еũسаȨȻңǾӪȨ͹ˣԭӦ˵ͨģΪûҲ֮ĸӰ죬ӽûа취ӦģֻܰҶĽȥɽʲôίʲô
Ȼˣӽ⻹ǲģʡһǮû·޳ˣ˵·ɷѣҲǺ飬˵·շѷ濴Ƴ˿ҲҪǮÿ껹һ˰գȴǱȽϺ⡣
ǴӰϾûģԲòش
ӽо¶ɽͬ־δؾİģû׼Ҫʾء
뵽ӽɵֿҶһۣ˵λ˹Ȼܹ⣬ȴ׳һĸֵ⣬˽ֱͶ޽ٹ·ȷʵ֡
һˣǿ֮ȣˣҲӶʡ쵼ӵ϶ߵģӰ쵽ǵǰ;


647 ô
ʲôô˵ģɽӽ鳤Ļ㱨󣬺ܺͷ
ɽǵͷȷʵȽŨܣǱϾʹˣôҲסӵģһַǳעԺٻͷΪӽ鳤Ϣ֮ȴе̲סˡ
ǵģǡӽǳ֣صرʾʵҾҶ뷨ҲʡҪóôǮ£ȺڷֻᵣһЩֱܹʽעʵĻδܲһ¡
ɽǵ˵ͷȻЩп˵ǰǮǸöǮܶ飬Ҳ밡
˵鲢£Ȼ˵輦ǺõģǱϾûӶʡش½˵˼Ҫغܶ࣬δܹ˼룬кܶ๤Ҫˡ
˼˵ͬˣӽˣʱЩ
Ȼɽǿ϶ᶯĵģȴû뵽ô¶˾ģҴʹ˲ȡһЩʩӽеЩ𾪡
ѵ˵ɽǶҶӳ̶ȣѾֵزˣ
ϾڻһûȷģҶŵʮֽǷܹ֮ھͶ֣
ҷ˰ڳίдһͬʱҲ˵쵼׿ϣǵʱҶҲôһʽǽһ
ôһֽĻӶʡίӣҪˣҪ쵼ҪΪ˳еΣϾûиƾſڿӣ鲻ʡί쵼Ӧġ
飬ֶΪأɽЦʡ滨һǮ·ˣһܹȡһֵ˰գ𣿡
ҵȻϣôֻЩҲӦÿġӽ˵ȷ˵ǣδؾͻͬ⡣
ʡίǹ˳ǵˣڳίϵӰҲǺܴģ֮ǰ޽ٹ·ϣǵ̬ȾͱȽʱŪһʽ·ķƻ⵽ҲӽΪĵġ
Ҫ븻··ˣ÷չٶȻϰյҲҵӶùǶһЩԣȴʲô¶õķչͽͨı֮֮ľǵϰմˣˣҪһԾŶ쵼Ƕԣ治ʲô¶
٣ôһϰ˼ҳĸɲǣܱġ
ԣǲŻ᲻ֹطþ췢չͬʱؽ̵ܹǮװԼĿڴȥ
ϣӶʡ췢չһ㡣ӽĻɽǲûӦ̲ס˵һ䣬˳ͬ־Ķӣ˵ڹˣ
Ҳ˵ˣֻǲ֪١ӽȻҲ˵ʡίĴԣҲȷģڲ֪ɽʲô̬ȣȻҲܽЩ׽Ӱóۡ
ŶǵЩɲڹҵķչûİɽζ˵
ȷʵһ⣬ҾھϣЩԶԶӽ̾ͱʾǴӲίģʶǱȽϻġ
Ҷһű֮ģزܳȥʲôİɣ񳱷׷׳ֻ֣˵һ⣬ȻչˣǽȴˣһԼûĹңǿ
Ǻǣʡ˵ô潻飬ԽءɽͻȻЦͷҶʵһ飬Ƚһ˶¶̲ݻٹ·һ콨ɣǺӶʡľ÷չٽö޷ġ
õġӽ̴Ӧ
Ҷͬ־ĸ˦һôⰡɽ
ӽȻûд𻰣Ƕɽǵ˵ΪȻģʡͨ£Ҫȡ֧֣Բô׵飬Ǽλгί棬ôҲλʾȷ֧֣ܹͨɣ
ɽǲŻô˵ΪԼƺҲûʮİգȥ㶨顣
鳤ҰŷɻҪȥݼͬ־ȡ֧֡ɽ˵
õġӽشǺͬ־֧֣᲻ԵõһЩ
ûϵģҶǬͬ־һֵ֧ģλҲܴɡɽǳ
ҶүҶǬ̬ȣǰʵԱȽϱصģֻΪܵҶӰ죬˵ܵ˸Ӱ죬ڸĸ֧ȣҲ˺ܶ࣬һεҶģôҶүӦûʲôԵɵġ
ǣĻҶͬ־һȥ᲻һЩӽͻȻ
ӽѾ֪ҶȻŹֵĻᡣ
ɽ룬ʱЦ鳤ܵСӻؾĻֵ֧ӦøһЩɡ
ӽĽ󣬾;취ɴ˵ˣҲõȥҶˣֱһ˶öˡ
áӽͷ
ʵ˵涼ǷܹͨؼҪʮڵʽǲܹʵͬҶ˵ʮһʽ֮ھܹˣôǱ߶ҲûʲôɾܾӶʡίķչҪ
Ͼ·һ¶ڹ
˼֮ӽԸҶ绰
绰дĶæⲻɵ˸еЩ㵡
һôӵ绰ӽЩ˵
ϵǵλɡɽǱʾ
ӽίǽ󿭴˵绰ȥ
Ӽͬ־ôпնҴ绰Ǻǡ󿭽˵绰󣬾Ц˵
ӽӶʡã󲿷˵ĹϵȽһ㣬Ϊͬ½ʡίίѡͽ󿭵ĹϵǱȽϽһЩģΪ˵ĹͬҪһЩҲνˣӽͻȻ绰Ҳʲô׵ġ
Ǻǣͬ־áӽ˵ҪҶͬ־ǲ֪ôϵϣϵ𣿡
֮󣬾е죬ֻҲͨ𣿡
û˽ӵ绰ӽ˵
СҶͬ־֮Թһ䣬Ҳûϵʽˣطͬ־Ǳ߶᲻бϵʽأ
ӽˣʱһŶҶеļίˣȴʡίϵҪһЩǾ͸ʡίطǴ˵绰ȥ
ҶϵʽطˣҲе棬õģϵһת鳤顣
һӣҶڽ绰˹
鳤ãʲôԸҶ˹
㣬Ҫ㣬ܹ𣿡ӽʵ
ڰҶڵ绰ԥһ£Ȼ˵ҲãҲе飬Ҫ쵼㱨ʮӺܹϵʡί
ãǺڰ칫ҵ㡣ӽͷش


648 
鷳¶ࡣҶ˵绰ֹһ䡣
Ȼ󣬵ǸղŴ绰ʱ漸λǶʡίǺӽ鳤ڵҶء
ܹʡίλԱͬʱȺģȻһ
˳ܰҶһۣ˵λעҪµģмίҲеССһվѡ
˵λмίίԱǣʱҲǼΪרעżϸߣҪǵĶԻУʲô
Ҷǣʲô仯𣿡˳ܰǸǣһмίҪˣҶڵʱ򣬼ίĹġ
Ҫ˳ܰҶĸͲ󣬹ҲǱȽ̤ʵģôмί˲飬Ҳֵ𾴵ģҶҲǳĵذЩ齻ȥ졣
˵˳ܰʲô֮ĻǾŮͬ־Ȼϸ緢ھ滹һЩǷȱҲмί꣬ȻʢޣȴվûܹߵһλϵһҪԭ
Ϊмίһ֣һȾٲ˵ģǾǾ
˳ܰȱٵģǵϵľûƣѳΪмίˡ
ʵҲ⣬Ϊмίĸˣί쵼¸ɲǵ칤ܶʱֱܵʡί쵼ģûһľͺױίǵĸӹôһĻίɲǵļල죬ʵˡ
ΪˣмίһҪȽеģλίбȽ⡣
Ҷ˳֮ܰ⣬Ҳһ£Ϊ֮ȱҪǸıǿйϵίҲףëĹûһ϶ȥġ
˳ܰԼжԲŻͷ£߶˶ҲԱ֮٣ȻһݺܴĻͲһˡ
뵽һ㣬ҶҲɵЩпƾԼĳٳʵ̫ˣƽʱҲ˵ˣǹؼʱ򣬱һλ˵һʲôŤתǬ
ȻˣҶֱڣûΪ;ϵΪԼ飬õλүӳֻͦҪǶԷͬĴԼȫӦһг档
Ҳûʲô仯ǺҹȥΪٹ·飬еҪһġҶҲǣϾԼνĿС鸱鳤飬ܿͻᴫҲûʲôҪҴš
¶㲻ʲôܴ£ȻûбܵıҪ
ƹһӣӶʡĸɲҪɧһˣĿСĸ鳤չ϶ǸʡĸɲεģһɲҲ͵棬һҪؼʹȻúܶ˵һ۾ġ
ҶҪŸǽ䣬ȻȥʡίɽǺӽ鳤һ绰ˣȴʡίطǵ硣
ãҶҶ˵
鳤ĵ绰Ұĵ绰ˡطڵ绰˵
Ǻǣ鳤ѾͨˣҪȥһɽǡҶش
㻹湻æġطʱЦ˱飬Ǿ𣿡
绰ȴΪ˹˱顣
ʡеӿˣԹ˳ǸΪ׵һﱾƺȽƵƺʲô£طע⵽һ㣬˾;ù˱ж壬ӦÿԶһŶˡ
ѾܵİšҶʾˡ
áط˵һȻ͹˵绰
µ绰֮ҶͿ˿⼸λ˵ѹͦģطǶ绰ʹ˳ǵ飬˼˵±һ˶ϣĻȥԴҶܲ
˱⣬ڹ˳Ƕԣһ޷
ڵҶǵˣ˳Ǿҧ㣬֮ĶǵḶ̫ܹ́˳ǾͲòԱˣȻʧܴ󣬿ް취
Ҷһֱ㣬һҪľĸ֮ߡ
ڵˣ˱Ѿһ޷ȻԶڰĴǣȴǣŹ˳ǵҶΪͻƿڣҪ˺ƹ˳ǵαװЩı֣Ҳֻһ֮ңˡ
ֻڣҶθأҪ⣬Ҫǵٹ·Ŀ⣬ҲǴ¶
ϾڶںӶʡԣһ۸ߴʮڵĸٹ·˵ʡίʡĵһҪ¶ˣνǹڵǧӶʡϰնԣӰ춼ǼΪԶġ
ƫƫ˳ˣҲǲСģǵ⣬Щ˿϶ڸٹ·ĿϺ谭ǴĲȡҶ޷̵ġ
˳Ǻ·鿴ȥƺûʲôֱϵϸһµĻ֪ʵһģ;ý豾Ϊһ壬ԻٽǸ㲻õĻܵ谭
飬ǰɣ֮ǰ̶Ĳ裬ȰѷųȥҶ¶˾ġ
ǣҶǡ˳ܰȼλˣе۾
¶ǽмίֵһ£֮ǰҶһλɲҲǺĿǰﻮ޷Ტ۵ġ
ϾƵģһλʡίίǡ
ҲҪģмǿĺܡҶеţЦŰο˵ʡĸɲˣĸɲҶֹһ飬Ҳϰˡ
˶ʱЦˣôͺ˵
˻ҶڴţǻԾһЩնѣĸɲܼͲˣл˼ҽ֣ǽ֣Ǳ˼걬
ҶȻҲ֪ǲţ鵹ûбҪȥ
ͳ飬зͬ飬ǶֻЩԱǲĻģɽʡɲǣԵ֪ġ
ҪǵʱԱ̫ˣ¶Ļ϶޷ģͺǿίʱͻȻλίΪڽ֮ͻȻˣ˵¶ᴫ
Ͼ˿϶Ը˵¶ģΪݣҪֳίԣ϶ҲǲԸ⽫Ϣй¶ģʱ˵ĲֻǴܵˣҵ϶ûʲôʡ
Ҷｻ֮󣬾ͳ˳ǴƵꡣ
֮ڴ˿һӹʵһֱûͣ·Ҳã˳ǵҲգⶼǹϵش飬һãͻȽϴӰ졣
ϣ·㶨֮ǰͰѹ˳ǵģһ룬ͬʱвĻȸ󣬸ñͶҺҶĻ鵱еһϼȷʵǲôġ
ȻҪһôԽԽã쵶ն飬ЧһЩ
ҶȱģǶ־ˡ
ΪԼҲΨһĶ̰壬ֻڶгɳŻηĴڡ
ֻôһĻǷˡ


649 ͻ¼
ҶԼųӣʡίȥ
°߷壬еĴɵǳıֱһ·ȥû˷Ѱʱ䡣
ʵ·飬ҶʽͲ⣬ǰԼ֮ǰԤ㣬ʮڵʽҲˣ¶ҪܹʵĻʮ굽ʮĳаڣͶʷҲ԰Ͷʶջˡ
ֻǹͷĴʽ𣬱ȷ˵Уһ˻治ҵִ󹤳̣ϾڵλĪ⣬һʲô紵ݶʱһ䣬ͻȻԱ仯˼쵼ˣôͶʾǴˮƯˡ
ִĿȻȽˣȱǮǲҵǵģڵĲŻûгɳôвһԣʡҲֻ⣬ҲǹҪ޽һٹ·ΪʲôôѵҪԭ
ǲжôѣҲ޽ٹ·ĸֺôԲŻ뾡취ҪԼ޽ٹ·⿴ȥֻһ·ʵȴǾڷɵĿ쳵
ҶڿʱżҲ
˵ӦǱȽΣյһ󣬵ʵϴڿʱ򣬶еĳ;˾ڿʱ򣬻۾˯ȴȻܹŸʻ״̬ʱƺԵһʼ˹ָԶиֹж
еԾҶȻǰĴ·ͻȻһλںᴩ·ȻǷǳΣյģϾ·ϵĳܶ࣬һСľͻ¶
ҶֵʱеʶҪɲȴɲͻȻʧˡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҶļǲˣĳҲȻһתǳӲûг㸲ֻһѶȵĲضˣǰȥ
ǽҶЩˣӵƶȫʧ飬û٣ЧȻԣµӦǺˣӵɲӦñ˱ƻˣĻ
ҶȻЩƣ£Ҳ˲ÿֻ̫࣬ӦҵһʵĵطӸǿԵͣ
һ£ǰ幫ﴦٺӴţʱӦ˺ͳȽϡٵʱΣٺӴ֮һƬֱ֣ȥĻӦÿڴֵķǿȳͣ¡
ųӣٺӴſ˹ȥͬʱԼֻӽ˵˴¡
ʲôӽˣʱһ
ôˣɽǸ鳤ӽһӽı飬̾ʵ
Ҷͬ־ĳɲʧ飬ͣǱΪƻˣٺӴŷҪöķΪǿֶͣΡӽ̽˵һ顣
ôɽҲǴһֱԲ֪ͨʡ峡ΪҶͬ־һͨȷ˳ﵽ֪֡ͨȻָƺ
ɽǵ̾ʹȥҲѸж
Уҵȥֳһ¡ɽתȦ̾¶˾ġ
Ҷϵش󣬱ͲҪ˵ˣںӶʡҲ˿ԴģɽǺҶ߶Ļôصĺ
Ӷʡһ츲ء
Ҷڳ棬ҲûţȻҪȥּ٣ǲûڳŬԹ˸ַʼûóӼ٣Ϊ˹ˣƣײһ·߶֮ͤȻųʮϵٶȣǰȥ
ʡίָʾǳʱͨٺӴŷͨѾˡ
ٺӴҲһɸոĴţȫнɣʱ򣬺ܶ˶ϲܵ洵硣
ֻ죬Ѿգг߶ֹͣʻΪ˸Ҷóһͨ
ҶĳӿٺӴţʱֳƺмٵĸоɵһϲǺܿͷӦˣΪйȻ
糵еĻٶȿ϶ġ
ʱͻ
ӺҲ̥ͻȻˣʧȥ˷һ˳˹ȥ쳣ĳˮˣʮ׵ĺȥ
⣡Ѿֳɽǿ˾ɵôʧɫ
֮ǰ룬ҶܹﵽֵĻǱ߶ľΪ赲ǷǳʵģҶһˣԳļ̶̳Ӧⲻ
ڳͻȻ˴ţۿҪʮ·ĺ棬Σˡ
ôߵλõȥǵں棬Ҳܺ𣬹ڸ𶯣
˴ʧɫʱ򣬷ɳŵ棬ͻȻ˱仯
ֻԶˡ顱һ죬Ҷ˴ξȻӳ浯˳Ϸжʮ׸ߣȻȥ
ǶԾؿһĻʱһɡ֣ٶȣҶÿʮҵٶȣ˺С
ȥˣ鳤ӽ̺
ʵڳӳŵʱ򣬾Ѿǰж˴棬ֻطҲûжɴ˿Ҷˮеʱ򣬾ͷ׷׳˹ȥ
Ǳ߶Ͻˣŵ¾ȻһοʹõСͧʱȻǸտûʲôο͹ⶫȴǾķ
Ǳ߶Ҳ˵˺棬˵̾ͷ˴ֻ˹ȥ
ӰˣʱһѺ
Ȼ˵ѾˣǱϾ·ݣûг£Ӷ߶ֱȽϵͣȻ˵ûнˣ¶Ҳһң˵ȥĻʱˣҲñ
ҶǴŽɡȥģⶫһǣ˳ҲҲΣյúܡ
ҲģҶͬ־׳ӦóŵסӽȻҲȽϵģſͧȥҲòһӣҶǲӾҲܳŲסô̵ʱ䣬ֻҪԮԱϹȥ׽ˡ
ҽԱϹȥůʲôʲôҪϣҶͬ־֪ʲôѪͣɽеңеʲ⡣
ǷģֳôˣʲôѪͶӦеġӽ˵
ɽǿ˿Χһٶ˶Χ߶ɵõ˵ͷ˵ѪԴ϶ǲõˣֻϣҶˮʱãҪͺá
Ƕļʱ򣬺Ȼ׵ɡм䱻ʲôˣ¶ҶԴ
ϵ˼ˣʱ
ô˵Ǽʶ˴棬Ǵû뵽棬ȻҲܵΣнɡ
飬ҲڿƬʱ򣬿еս¶Այľͷܹõɣû뵽ٺӴϣͼʶ顣
ҶɫЩ԰ףʪܵģͷҲԴϡ
ֵǣҲʲôȴʼոˮϣûгȥ
¶ˣѵСӻˮɣϵ˼ˣɵ÷׷档
ԮĴֻڿ˹ȥ˸ںϵĽɡ


650 
ɡȽϴ󣬿óƵ֣ĻҲô̵ʱھʹˣȻʹ˱Ƚرļ
εּҲһܹյģӦ˻ƼȸպҪ˵ȥһζߵľ룬Ա֤ʲô⣬벻ʹĻǾͱȽ鷳ˡ
ͧ˹ȥæҵؽɡƿͿҶѾ͵һƤͧһϡ
ҲƵģˮ֮Զ˳װãһֻƤֻͧӲôѣҶϵŰȫĻڵʱͺ׳ġ
ˮе˲䣬Ҷܵ˺ǿײһʪ͸ֺʱڣȷʵ˺ܴ鷳Сһ䳹ǡ
ҶɰȫϵţһɴҲûд򿪰ȫֱץסƤͧĶǣţſͧص˰ߡ
죬졭ϵ̾жȰҶϵİȫ⿪Ȼ̧˾Ȼ棬ֱӰ֡
ȻĿյţȽů
ʿҶ·һЩȻøıӰ̶ڵܴϣļ豸Ҳϡ
ḻҽڸȫ飬ⲿûʲôϵǱˮݵñڸܵ𵴱ȽһЩһ˿Ѫ
ɽǺӽ˺ܿΧ˹ܹҶ
ôˣɽʵ
ӵһҽʡίǣʱеҪ֪ʡίǿɲܼģƽʱҲڵĻñȽ϶ѣоżӲ칤ˣĻᶼ̫࣬Ͼ㵥λʵ̫ˡ
ǣҪڵĹУڸܵ𵴣³Ѫ˱ȽǱȽԵģҪͻҽԺȥϸ飬Ͼͷ豸̫ªˡҽһ˼·ɽǻ㱨
ҶҶɽˣȻ棬Ҷź
Ҷɫ԰ףʧѪףȻڸ˲ᣬɽĺУǿ۾ſҪ˵仰ȴǲܣֺˡ
죬ϽҽԺרһɽһҲеǣһֵӵĻ;ƣ
ǣӽ̱ʾϵ棡
žȻҶ֮ɽɫЩܲÿ
ǣȻȥɣ߶ӽɽ˵
飬ԤıġɽǶӽ˵ʡδؾӡ
ںˮһһӽҲ֪ôģܾý¶еͬѰҶĳӿǰȫܼߵֽڳ˵ڸӵԽҰܼõĽڳĹϿԵͬޡ
ǿҶӵ绰л㱨ĳӦǱ˸Ūɲ豸޷٣յС
Ҹ˸еɵģǳ̥ȻҲˡ
鷢ĿԾ͸СˣΪʱҶĳȻȴҲûгһ³·̥ļʣǳǳС־˵Եֵͨ׵ĳӣ⣬⡣
ۺҶһξǱ˸ºġ
ܹôɵ쳵ϵȻʲôһСëⱳ϶ʲôɸ˵Ŀĵġ
¹ϵشҶͬ־ҲͬѰҿҪϻ㱨ġӽ룬Ͷɽ˵
Ҷͬ־ǼίĸɲҪмίԶǻ㱨һ£ҶүǱ߶Ҳ˵һɽüͷʾ
ֱӸҶү˵ǲãǲȸҶƽǴкӽʵ
ҶүӱϾͱȽϴˣҶүү˵¶ӦȸҶƽ׵˵һŶԡ
˵ҲǾȸƽͬ־ϵһ°ɡɽǶԴҲȽͷʹӽ黹ǱȽϺʵġ
ʲôҶƽڽӴӵ绰Ϣ֮ɫʱţ֪ˡ
ڳ̾͸ܵҶƽ仯ղŻίԱίҶƽͬ־ʱɫˮ
ȻһЩΪ֪飬λ쵼⡣
鳤Ӵһ£ЩҪ̻ؾһ˶Ҷƽί鳤˵һȻҴ뿪
ҶĸѻҲӵɷĵ绰̸ϸ׼ؾ
ʱӶʡ棬ɽǾͽӵԾǷĵ绰
Ҳܼ򵥣ָʾ̰ˣרҶؾ
ʡί鳤ӽˣһ߶飬һ߶пҶҵ֮Ҫ֪߶֪ͨģȲҶүӣҲҶƽа̷ʤͬ־ΪίԱаΣ̷ʤͬ־ʵϾǽͬ־Ĵ
Ȼͬ־Ѿ֪Ҷ˵Ϣ˰š
ɽǱҶؾģа̷ָʾҪǣȶơ
飬ɽǾЩȻ˵Ҷһı£ûоҶ飬ӶƹʲôӰ죬¶еа̷ƺЩˡ
ɽͬ־ȽϸӣǣһЩа̷ʤζɽ˵ʡ޷е񣬹Ҷͬ־һ£о鲿оֺ飬ԺӶʡǱ߶ǲ뿪ġ
ɽ֮󣬲ɵЩ𾪣鲿о֣һ¸ͲЩģھȻ˫˫֤ڴµӳ̶ȣԲΪҶΪҶӵܵݣͿõöǣ˵ҶݾͲ򵥣˵һεȷʵ¹ش
ɽֻʡ˷ڽһγٺӴ׹һ£ϸܣй¶ȥý巽ϸ˭⣬̴˭
ʱжеϰǣеط˽ЩͬˣȻûʲôƳľٶǽͷβƷȻֻǴҶʲô顣
Ҷ֮ӵ绰֪ͨģлϻص楣绰Ҷƽȥģ楸еЩ졣
Ҷƽڵ绰沢ûж˵ֻ˵Ҷˣȥ˾ǣ׼ͬһרؾ
楸еЩԾȻǱҶĬϵҶŮˣҶƽԸ绰飬ǵһȻҶһ˵òᡣ
ͷ飬ҴҵؽһȻͿлͬҶƽӻغϡ
Ҷ壬ϰ̡楼Ҷƽ֮ЩŵѯʵСôˣʲô飿
˳˵ˣȷҪؾ顣Ҷƽüͷ˵ҾҲӦ֪ϢһȥΪá
Ϣһʱ֮Ҳе£ôϵķɻԼ֪
Ҷ֮Сʱһܿͻɣ˵ҶԼʮɵҽŶӣʡί鳤ӽԻ£˾ǡ


651 ѰԴͷ
ĳӪأ
ʱ֣һؿ˽
󣬷С
һ·裬ֱӿһڳĿռ档
߶Ѿкܶ˵ţ̾ж˻ݣصĶж
һոµĺԽҰֻЩײĺۼ粣ҲˣǾȻû䣬ֻ沼˿һѺۣȥЩӰߡ
һֻ̥ѣȥģʹЩƽ⣬ǧﶥӶ
ʱмԱʼΧо
ռܴ󣬲ܹа׷Բ˿̵ƻͨԱͨʱǿԴӵĵײҲյ˺΢ЩεĳҲͳͳˣһЩԱʹֳ豸Գɨ衣
ڳӸԽʮ⣬һλнˣֶɫأǱˣǾ鲿н
߶мλУľͬĬֻǿǱ߶ڼ⳵ļԱǡ
˴ԼаСʱңڸһ䣬˻һ˽⵽ϽһλУУн㱨
׳ѾˡУн˵ȷʵ˶ֽţڵزֱһʹɲʧ飬ʧ飬һ֮󣬾޷ֱڵȼͺľֻѵ̥棬ҲװáԶ϶һԳԤıİɱΪ
н֮󣬵ͷǶ·ܲ׷Դͷ
ǣ׳УӦһ£Լȥָ
нֽݶ淭һ£Ȼ˵߰ɣǱ߶Ҫ㱨ء
һм߳ȥ֮󣬷ֱԽҰһǰһ˳ȥԶΪϡ
׳ǶһλУн˵
˵ͷ
ҶһοĺԽҰװĿΪˮûܵǿҵײûбƻܹͨóӦ
粻ĻҲôɵؿסʹ˹ٿȫʧ顣
ڵļһ㣬ֻΪֳ˽⣬ԶҪ鷳ܶ࣬ⷽҶչıĶӦǱȽϸ߶˵һ˾治ֶ
ڴӱѵ̥ĺۼͬʹĳԶ̿豸Ұװըҩǵķ̥ܹɱѣֲͨķܹ֯쵽ġ
֮ܶε飬ĳȽʵ֯߻ġ
쵽һ˲Ǻܶ࣬ǶǱ߶ǺϤֲֵܲطеѡУҶǵ˲ˣжϳķֵġ
Ѳ٣ǴԴͷϷҲҲ˿нһ£ͱ̬öϵС棬˽һ飬˳ϡ
ǡУͷӦ
һλҶ󣬵ǾжôأҲ˵ָʾҶǼλ˼ҶǳӵɲİȫҪˣһε󣬸ɡ
ʵ֮ǰѾΪҶ˼ǣмλӾϵͳľͦõģǵʱΪҶߵֲã⼸λʽϸߵľ󶼷׷תУ˵ط
ôһ͵Ҷߵľ
һβĳֽţרŵľȫĻҲ©һͰС
ҶĳƵģӦǳǿˣôߵĵطȥҲˤˡ
ǡУӦüͷ߿ǵ˲ҲడҪҵʵ֣ѡ
ҪȫˣֹãͻľͿԣţҪעģľνˡнʾ
ǡУһʱ
ǿֺõĻ˲źܶˣѡ
ҶݼҲˣĸɲһоٽֳݿţ伸治ʲôģ˲ĻҲ㹻ӦԷ
ǵĳӿȥֱ֮ӿ˴ڷ
Ҷȷʵеãֱ˷ɻ֮Ȼڻ֮С
˵˵ұȡһּӦԷһ̫صĻԵˣҲпҲѲ
ھֱ֮ĺˮһѩϼ˪ȽһЩ
ڱȽϽ׳˵ѣһǴ⣬Ҷڵˡ
Ȼڱ˴Ӻ֮ҶйݵѣǼɽ֮и˾Ȼԡ
һȷʵҪұһҲǾϸеȫˣŻͻȻɣôһĺǵĻԳ̶ȸֱеǽ˶״̬ˡ
Ϸɻ֮ҽԱͷȻȶǸݶڼƳ½ͣ
ʱŻ˲˵ģΨҶڷɻϾͳʲô⣬Ļϵζصģ֪ʡίӽ鳤ǵλˣŶô
ֻǴʡίӽ鳤üͷʡίɽǴĵ绰ͿԿóλ˵ݣǷǳҪģҲֳô
ҽԱҶӽ˻㱨֮ӽҲеǡ
̫ˡʱһλҽ˵ˣλˣӦйģڵڽ̥Ϣ״̬Ӧûʲôġ
̥ϢҽĻ˶ЩţλҽһЩģľֹصҽˡ
аȷ𣿡ӽæѯʵ
˵ģǰҽǳ϶ػشʮǰλˣʱλڵ֢״ȫһģֻҲܿ϶λǷҲǹ֡
û˵ӽҶҲǷǳ˽⡣
Ǿҽôһ˵֮󣬴ҵվһɻѾڿˣ˵ʲôҲûôֻйעҶ״ϣҪ¶ѡ
һ·ϣķѵʱ䲢ãҶƺҲͬλҽжϵûгʲô˾ĵΣ״
ſͻ֮˵һſҲڷ
ȫɾҽԺרǽˣҶ֮ӽҲǱȽϸӵġ
һε飬й鷳ҶܹĻᷢʲô顣
ҶҵĵӰ˳״ҪûһӦǲйˡ


652 ˹
Ҷ죬˵˯졣
棬˶Ϲ̽ǳԭ򣬳˸⣬һŵˡ
רһĽҲʾҶ˺ۣ΢Ѫ󣬵ǲأҲֻอҪʱĵָܹɨԲʱҲûзκβѪ΢𵴣޹ش֡
ڶҶֳġ̥Ϣ״̬õ˼λרҵ׿ϡ
ֻΪʲôҶ״̬еѰζˡ
֮ܶרһĽǣҶͨлָһ״̬תﵽѵĳ̶ȣȻȻͻѹ
ȫ˵õϢ֮󣬹Ȼ΢һЩģҶ춼ôһ״̬֮Уǵ˺ܾá
Ҷ۾ʱ򣬾;Լǳɣûһܵĸо
֮ǰ飬ڼǵú
ʱӺֱ̥ʧأһӳٺӴţ˵װãʹûε˳⡣
ֻǾ޴ĳеˣΪⶫΪսƵģӦڽγ棬϶һЩʵĵطģȻסˣܵˡ
ˮʱܵˣٱĺˮһݣѩϼ˪
ֵɽ˰֮Ҷ֧Ųס˹ȥ
һԣ͵ڲת
Ҷ۾һ£ͷԼҽԺĲ棬Ա߶ŵƿӣԱ߶ļ豸ʱشһδ
ǲûҲûбֲˡҶаǲ֪ϵǷȫ
¶Ͳ
һͷԼſһˡ
ܣҶһںͷ˳ԭһֱڲ档
ҶУɵЩжҲеȣ飬ƼȫԱˣܹȻǸĸİţΪǺҶŮˣҶҪ
ǻϻҲãҶĺʲҲգЩȫȨƿأԾûܹõʽ֣ȴʵسҶŮˣǵõҶҳϵģҶүӺͶүҲ׿ϴ¡
һ仰˵楾Ҷܹݵϱ
ʱȻҪҶ߶ˣҲǺ顣
ֻҶȥ極ĳʱ򣬾ͷķ΢еɿݣȻķʹһЩӰ죬ҲԿóЩûй˵ʰͷԲŻῴЩݰĸо
楴ˣſ߶˯ˡ
Щ豸ãʼεεε
ôһЩҽԱǾˣ׷׸˹
ǿҶû¶һڴϵʱ򣬶ʱ̲ס
ҶܹѹʤˣҲûûҹؿ죬Ҫ֪ʮСʱ֮ڣ˶Ϊ鷢Ҷһֱ˯ȥĻǺܶ˶ܵǣġ
ллأѹˣҶδһ鲻Խָؿڻ˸ʮ֣Ȼ䰢ӷҲ֪ϰߣ֮Ƿǳ
˯˶ˣҶܹ⡣
˷磬˹֮ǻϰһģȻڼ˵ĺŮѵľչ˺Ͱĺǻ£˹
ܵԼǲҲôѪһӻԺü£Ļ鷳ɾʹˡ
Ҳ˵ԼǵôЩҪܵصӰ죬˵ǹܴɣǸɵ鷳Ҳͷġ
Ҷˣֻ죡ҽǳ˵ػشȻֿʼԸҶţҪȫؼһ£ʲô⣡
û¶Ҷ˻ֵ
˵Ҳˣû¶죬ҲһӾվôɵģҶеԼ״̬ǳ֮ãһֱƽʱҪĸо࣬
ʱ䣬ƺ
ҶҶˣ
ڱ˸ˣϲؿɫЩ԰ףǾȴܱҶеľϲ޷ƣɵһӾͳסҶ
㻹Һ塭楱Ҷһ£⣬ָϽſϸоôûʲôģ
ҶԼûʲôԾĵطһƫ͹Ž˵ء
ֻҺֱۣڵ÷ǳ
ͦõİҾûʲô⡣Ҷ˵
СģСģ
ôһǰҽԱŻˡ
ҶٺòѹˣҪľϢͼ飬ôͻȻһӾվһٳʲô⣬ô˭أ
С㣬Ҷǰһڻûгʵأҽʦеż˵
楿ЦڵŵҶۿʱӯӯģЩʵ˵úҽĻ㲻֪жôġҶϰ̶ھǴţкü֪ϢҲˣС޵ȥġλľгҲˣ۾ģ˺ܾá
¶ġҶˣʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
ֻʵʵػص˲棬ҽԱææµµؽţȥּ飬楾Ա߶ţһ߶˵һ߶æŸ˴绰ƽ
ҲǲСʱĹ˾ҽԺˡ
죬ΪҽԺһ䲡ͬһסֻſҶȥϢ楿Ҷѹˡ
С֮󣬾ͱҶ˺ð졣
ƽʱҲûоԼδ޾Ȼôԣ쿴¶˵һ򲻻ź˵ĳС㣬⼸²һֱչҶɵĸп
һΪѲˣǻһˡС޵滨꣬Ƥټ⼸ûϢãҲеԲȦȥԵó
ˣһûô׾˵ġҶ汧ýģĺ󱳣οһҲûʲô󰭣͵˯һɡ
˵أ˭һ˯ģС̱ʾ˲ǲ֪ÿӲʮˣ͸һǶˣ
߰Ҷ֪ҾȻôҶԼҲе㵡
ţ¶ܸԼеϵĻǽͲͨģӦǺ¶˵ĻҲôͻָ
ղҽǽܵôصĳҲˣӵʱԵѹҲѱ֤ûʲô֢ģǴڵҸоǱȽֹ۵ģٲûʲôԵĲо
ҶڳС極ͬ£һЩ֮󣬼Ҳ׷׸ϵˡ
ʱ򣬲漷˴ǡ


653 ȿһñ˵
ΪĸҶƽѻ϶ڵһʱϹˡ
ûʲô⣬磬״̬ҲܺãĽǳҲûʲôľֹڷ
ӣɰŻˡѻɵֿʼĨᡣ
һε飬ȷʵѻŵòᡣ
˵ʱ㱨֪֮ԼӴʮ׸ߵĴˤ˱ĺ棬˵ôǿȵײֱӿԽ˵ˡ
ҺãҶڸֻܵ΢˺һμĽҲЩƾȻѾˣҵ顣
ʵϣôߵ䣬ҲܹɢˣҶ֮ûܵص˺ҪΪϵĽɡ˷ǳҪĻá
֮ԻˣҪΪȽţټɡûʲô飬ʱûвȡȷӦƣԲŻˣǻһսֶĻƨ¶Ҳеġ
ʵЩǾ飬ͺǱˮͧĴԱˮըϮʱ򣬱ԶΧĲ壬ĻǿֱӿԽ˵ļˡ
ҶԿɡϤ֪βȡȷԱʽ
Ҳÿˣڶû¶ҶƽӵļʵҲеŵġ
˵ӳ¶ʱʶԼԶӵĸжȻʱǿ򶨣Ľ޷ģĶӣƫƫôɫи̵ģԼôأ
Ҳ˵ҶƽеһƬأһҶŴġ
ҵͷ⣬Ҳ˭ģѻһȴ˲Ͼ˵ǰҲʶӦÿһҶû¶ˡ
СҶǵ岻һĺãͨҪ˺ôҲϰһİɣҽҲЩ˼飬˽ҶӼĽСҶǵǷǳõģΪ˱ǽסԺһңԱܹϸؽиٹ۲죬ž֢ĳ֡
ðɣҾûʲô⡣ҶһҪҽԺסһܣʱͷˡ
Ȼ㲻Ժö֮ˣҪڲһܣǿɱɱܣ滹ǹźܶģôܷŵأ
ҪҽĻҶƽʱ̾ͱֳΪ׵ݷֱ˵ʵʵشҽԺ棬Ҿ͸үү
Ǹеر𣬱˴֮ϵǳгҶƽԼƺѹסҶѾͰҶүӸ˳
ҶүүҶǬǳأôҲܲ˼ҵĻ
Ա߶Ҳ׷Ȱ裬һҪҶҽԺ棬һ򣬾һܵȷҶȷʵûʲôˣٳԺҲ١
ðɣˡҶѴӦ˿ܣͷּ˳ҶүӺͶү֮⣬жҶӳɶûиϻ˻϶ˡ
ҶӽڳβıܳߣȻҲûȱϯͬҽʦѯҶȻҲǷǳС
үӵҪģǸպиǳҪĻ飬ƵҲʣ˵ҶѾѹˣҲżˣȴҲҶ˳һʵʱ
ҶȻָˣǲͲȥ׷ˡ
һε飬ԾԤıİɱѾ׼ŭ˶үӣѾ壬Ҫ׷ȥһҪҵĻԪףĻһʲȥġ
Сæһ֮ѻȰ£ؼȥˣһүӱ߶һҲǻȥúϢһ¡
⼸Сѧôչ˲ˣԼҲ۵ùǺȦˣѻԼδϱȻҪȥϢġ
߶ҪһЩкܶ๫˾ҪģҶҲץʱȥϢһ۲ˣһ춼ǶٶǮʧ
潥֮ͣҶƽҶ㾿ǵʲôˣڶĶ֣
ӶԷַ϶һܹģҶƽڴҲǳģӴˣԼҵȻǺ¶Ϊԭɱ֮϶ķġ
ֵίԱû飬ƫƫŵĶҶˣ¶ȷʵᡣ
Ҳҵˣòƻ治١Ҷһ¶ʱҲеͷ
ͷϰһƿ֮󣬵õ˶ʮ鿪ʼҶͬĴжһˣЩ˵ĶУ֪һε飬һ߻ģ
߶ʱҲûʲôϢֻȴ豸ˣʱûʲôɿĴ𰸡Ա߶ʾ
飬һˡҶƽǳ֣صض˵Ļʼղ̤ʵġ
ҶǷģѾ֯˾֣ʼ׷ˡͷʾ
Ҷ뿿ڴϣȻ뵽һ⣬ͰҽԱ뿪Ȼ˵顣
Ŷ忴˿ҶСӵıе졣
Ҷߣߴߴ˵һͨ
ôеʰɣüȻ鲿Ƚ⣬Ҳܽȥݱˣ¶á
ҲǽݱˣֻһȽϺõͷѣѾʼֶԸˣֻⷽǼһЩѣûнȥԩˡҶĶ
˵ʲôأҶƽһ߶ˣʵ
û¶Ҷ㲻Ҫ֪Ǿһڲ񡣡Ҷһ֣֪¶
٣ŹŹֵֹģֶԼоȥɡҶƽҲһĥӣȻ֪˵Ļ̫֪Ǿת뿪ˣͻȥǱ߶ѾһѵĹˡɣû¶ٻȥ
Ѿû¶ˣҶںе
ҶƽûԾ뿪ˡ
壬Ҹղ˵飬ǧҪæҶֲҪʲô֤ݣֻҪ߶иԵĿˣⲻְɣ
ʵ˳ǹ˱ӣҲûɡԥһ֮󣬵ͷҶ˵ȻˣҾͰһѻˡ
ԭҶҲܼ򵥣ҶһϮ¼һ£ͷ˳Ǹӵϡ
ǿ϶ҪģȻˣҲںһȥҶ˵ʵҲǹˣһϮǸЩϵģ˵ǵû˭ܹȵùͷߵġ
ʿɶֹɣҲֻܰһƶϡ˵ϴӦæͺѵˣȻָ˳ʲôģǿɾ̫ˡ
лл塣ҶˣʱЦҵ뷨ܼ򵥣ǲģȸһñ˵
ҶϮ˳ǸϵĻô˸ĻģĹϵˣҲٱˡ


654 Ҷ
ΪһԱΪһ쵼ɲǲ֪Ѷ˵ģǲᱻıŵģҶӴ˵
᳡漸ѻȸʣµĶҶһķŭ֡
ϸ˵ܶడʲôȻһ죬һסһԺ׸ɣʮŬСһȫСϡ󲡿ΣżҶ˵˵ʲô⣿˵ҽԺֻǮ˵ĳ𣿣
Ҷôᷢô˽üǶһڵ͵͵ؽ̸ҶΪʲô˷ŭ
ΪϴҽԺ֪˾˵ҶǶʾעˣзԺȻģԾǲԸҶô׺ŪģҪƷˡ
ҶûھҽԺ̫ͣãסܳˣֱӻصǡ
ΪӴ׹˿ʼ뿪ҽԺһʱˣܶҲ˸üʱ򣬽ȫмͼɲᣬҶΪ׳ƣΪ˳չһĹԱ
Ҷˮ飬û̫֪ϲﵱУϢȻס̫˵ġ
ʱ򣬺ܶ౻ҶѹƵòҶĶͷǣ׷׶죬Ҷһǳ군ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ôߵĵطȥˤһʱ䣬Ҷ»سڴ֮ͥǰ벻ͨ
ҲһܵʱڣԭõҶмί˳ܰǵˣѾҶĲãиֳ쵼صѶʣǶиֳˣһЩȺھٱ˺ʵ
ΪҲ֪Ҷ˵ϢȻὫʱмί棬ǵ̬ȷǳӣмί԰참Աٰŵòˡ
¶мίĹԱ쳣öԷûʲô취
ΪӲ˲һ죬ܵ˸ĸţʡҲҪ쵼˵绰ǳرʾмίӦʱ֣Ӱиֳ˾Ϊ˳ġ
Ҷϵǿƻع飬ȻҪһ㣬ֱӾٿɲжԱȻصָиֳ⡣
ѡ٣ҲѡǮ㲻ѡͨǮҲѡŮˣҲѡ̣㲻ѡͨŮ˰̣ѡʥˣҲѡˣ㲻ѡôʥһ㣬Ҫһԭ㡣ֻҪȨҪԼǶԣֻҪܲ뾡åҶĽνɫһѪͼɲˣе˵λҶǿʲô˵
иֳΪʲôôصĸܣ¸ʴĽмί֪飬ΪʲôȴûһΪΪ˵ı󣬻иΪӣҶеƶеˣӵȷʵе󣬴Ҳеࡣ
Ϊǰ˸ıɱ˵ĻҶǵ黹ƽһЩͬˣҶǺĵģڶһҪһ;йŻ
ôһֱѱиֳһصضȻͳҶĵ֮
мίΪʬλزͣҶиֳ⳹׽ϰһף뽫Ļĺֳ׾ӶϰһǬ
ǸҶȫмͼɲϵĽͬһʱ䣬иֳҪɲڵĶʮˣмίԱߣ˫
߶ɢᣬϢʹˡ
ίǽ󿭵һ˵绰ӦǺӣҶͬ־мίʲôãôҲкֱӾͰиֳ˴ˣôиֳӰģ
Ҷָͷ˿۶۶氵Ц󿭳ɹʡίίУҲߵ˸ʡȻҲˡ
ǰʱ򣬴Ҷ󿭶ǱȽϼɵģڹһʱͶˣʡίίԶһĸʡҪĶࡣ
ˡҶҲΪ󿭵ĻͶиֳŲʣҲ̫СмίˣһĹѣΪûбҪ㣬ҪǽȤԺ¶㱨ˡ
㡭󿭲ҭȥ֪ѱȴû뵽ֱӾͱˡ
Ҷ⻰ȷʵý󿭱Ƚõίǣʡʡίί¶㱨ܻȫм˿ڣôĹһͿ¡
ҶıȻ˽⣬ǾܹµóһһзǳǳţƵĺ̨ҲǲԸģһҶֱиֳ֣ýеסˡ
ΪģֻΪиֳÿвʮٷֵĹףԲˡ
ΪҶˣиֳĹʧأҵ»ĻͲ˵ˣʱܵӰģίǡ
Ҷͬ־ϣ濼һ飬иֳΪ鵼޷ԤĺôǸģһһ˵
ͬ־Ҳϣ濼һ飬ΪӼܷӣ¸صĺҲ㸺ģҶû󿭵вһĸʡŲ۾ġ
ο¶Ѿмίʡί涼кˣǸʲô治ں˵ķ֤ݣҲõˣںʡ˸ʲôѹ
˵ˣһҶϮǷ׶죬ǾͲҶˡ
ΪڣڵùһЩǼλүǣҲǿģϾǹô¶ȴ˸˵Ҷûô
ңиֳˣҲǺ֤ɽʡĳЩֻȨѹĻҶͲ¡
󿭸ҶĶԻû˿ãҲһ
һε飬ҶרУȻ˵ί참ԣʡίǶûб֪е̫ˡ
Ҷİ裬̵ˣֻû뵽ѾʡίίˣȻסҶˣý󿭵ǳ
Ʒǳʱʡί˳Ǹǵĵ绰Ҳ˹
áȻӼǸ˳ƽǾͲ̫࣬ڹ˳ǵ̬ȣҲǷǳġ
ͬ־á˳Ǵһ֮󣬾иֳôмίͻȻиֳˣںܶ˶ڹע飬鵽ô¶
ί참Ҷͬ־ûжҽһԶؽеζƵҶͷϣղ䣬Ҷţǹܲˣ


655 ס
󿭸˳֮Ĺϵ˵жãڽôһίǵ£Ҫù˳ǵѹҶ뷨Ҳһġ
ѲƶԼʡίίģȻҪһЩǹ˳ΪǣںӶʡӪ꣬νǸٹ̣ӰҪʡίɽǣҪϳôҶĻ󿭿϶ֹɵġ
Ȼ˳󿭵ıԹ֮̾ͱʾ˼Ȥ
ⲻ˳˵ίٸʲô참ҲҪίͨģίǲǰ裬Ҫ˵ڻʡίίί쵼ͬʱʡί쵼Ŀ֯Ϊǲݵġ
ǵָʾǳȷʡίмίţһûʲôƢֱܲܵطͬ־ȥҪʲôǶԹ˳ǵ̬ȱʾͬԼΪ֮
ͬΪʡίίطʡίǵķ͸ҪһЩˡ
Ҫ֪ʡί참Ȼδؾ͸ƿʡίɽǣһЩش󰸼ϣܵмίָһЩеʱʡί߶֪Ҳʲôϡ¶
Ȼˣһ²ᷢ飬Ͼʡίܵʡίмί˫쵼ģҪǸʡί߶Ĺϵ̫ӲˣҲڿչԴƽʱǾԶ֮һЩشǶͨ
ڵеˣɽǷ֪ʡίĶͲˣ˳Ϊʡίĸǣз飬ȷʵûʲôĻϢطܽǵ߹˳ǡ
ڹ˳Ψһ̵ģҲǵЩ׷״ǣϾиֳ˱ߣȷʵиֳ˱Ƚϴ𶯣һʱ֮䶼Σ֪ʲô飿
£˳԰ģΪɣʴ£ƺҲ˵ͨġ
Ȼˣ˳Ϊʸʡίǣ¶Ȼһ·Ϊţίǽѯͨһѹһ;鰲ȥί͡
ڿίǱʾԴΪˣô˳Ҳ˳ಲĴ㣬Ϊʡί쵼Լվ˳ġ
ͬ־̬Ȳ쵼Ӧеġ˳ǻһ£ίľ涼Ԧˣϼ쵼ôе쵼
˵绰֮󣬽󿭾Ͱһ䡣
Ϻ꣬ԼģҪԣɵӲɣ󿭺ǰһӵ鵱УѾ˹˳ǵĶӹ˱иֳĳЩ쵼ĹϵУǧƵĲƲ޷˵Դ
˱мίߣ¶ܶҲ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ǰʱҶ׼˱ؼҹ꣬ǵʱҲɹ˼ǩ飬뱣֤˱浽뿪ǰ벽
͸Ӹˣ˱뿪ǣ˵ȥ˰ĴǣҶ¶֮ǰѾмίԹ˱ʧһչ˵飬Թ˼ҴʶΣЩ鶼м¼ڰġ
ȻҶǸ˱˵˳ˡ
ˣ˳ҲҶиֳ֮Ȳ˳
иֳȷʵ⣬ⲻСˣһҶиֳҲһѣǣ浽淽ȷʵ̫ˣ˭ҲԸԼҲмί˽⵽иֳһЩȴʼûиڶֵҪԭ
ץܷȷʵʲô¶ҪӦɸӾ棬ͷǳˡ
󿭰ϧëȻûииֳʲô̫Ĺϵ˼ɵģһиֳ֮һûܹһ̯飬ôܵӰ죬޷ڽк̸շҵЭ飬ôҪ»ˣеĲ뽫ɷǳصĴ
Խ󿭲ŻҶ飬˵˳ҪԸҶҲǲӦģ֪Ҷ϶кܴĺ̨󿭳ԱŵģҪͬ˼𣿿ͷʾһ²⣬ʾһίǵĴڸУҲ㹻ˣαȥΪЩˣ
ҲһһҶĹչ˳ôίȻӢģҶĹ˳ôί˳Ӧƣ־ҲӢģԣҪż
Ӧżģǹ˳Լ
˼ҹӹ˱иֳһжֻ˳ڵķӦͺˣ󿭲ŲŹ˳Ƕӵһ֪飬ǻ֮
ƾһԼסڼӣͼӱмί飬ΪҳĹ˳ǳԲ˶ߡ
ԣ˳ǲŻἱڷȡһҵľ棬ΪԼĳṩɡ
󿭲ʱɽۻ뷨ǹ˳ҶҶ˹˳ǣ
˳ûڽ˺ôҲɵðһ䣬˵Ȼո˸ʡǹٳһҲۣԼҪͷûָˣֻ辶С
Ҷиֳֵ飬ʡίԱڵһʱھ͵õϢǾķӦ͸ͬˡ
ҸиֳĹϵԶнһλҵĸʡ½еסˣϾиֳϵҲǱȽϽܵģмλǴкġ
Ҷһץ˶ʮλиֳĸ߲Աȷʵ𶯺ܴ
ʡ͸мίҶ˵绰̬ȷǳá
Ҷͬ־Ǹʲô飿ʡڵ绰зŭָһиֳץôɲҪ𣿣ڹձ鶼ھӪ͹֮УиֳôӯҵһʡҪ֧ҵôҸ㣬ô죿˭еΣ
һкüӣƺûʲôӦɵЩιҶͬ־𣿡
쵼ãҶϼ쵼㱨ʱûʱ绰Ļǻתġ绰洫Щ壬ֳ겻˺ú˵ķ
ʡˣʱе㶣Ҷ㱨ģҲʡίίˣ˵ѾڹעиֳİӣһʡͻȻ˳ָȷʵеͻˣ뵽⣬ʱе
˵绰֮ʡͲͨ˹˳Ǹǵĵ绰ǣеҪ㱨
ǹиֳ𣿡˳̾ʵ
ǰҶô㣬иֳģǱֲֹȫֵΪʡϵرʾ
Ҷ֧֣Ҳ˵ʲô˳ǱʾҪǻķӦȽϴĻҲϼ쵼˼ɣ鵭
ʡ֮ᡣ
˳Ǹǵ˼ǺˣǾЮ⣬иְֳ¶ڴ˵ʾһʲô飬ôмίٵѹͻܴ
ֻҪȺ¼˳ȻҲ˳ֵɣɻǳ档
ΪʡίҪ쵼֮һȻǲܺȺڵĺ


656 籩
ҶǣиֳǱ߶емί칫οеŵ˹Ҷ㱨
Ŷż˵Ҷڰ칫棬ڷСܹĸϣеµĻ̧ͷʾ˵
е¶ͷȻһ·Сܹģһƨɳ棬ȻͶҶ˵иֳϼͣұȽϤոոҴ绰˵ڳɿ¶ҶǣһǱ߶߶治ôˡ
иֳӪ꣬ĸߣȻ˵иֳҲڱȽص⣬ԣӮҪõö࣬ټϹһ¢ʵģиֳĹȶ
мίһӾץȶʮ߼ԱȷʵиֳĹǴ˱Ƚϴ󣬾ҵľӪҪ⣬һӪͣ͵Ļô⼸˼Ҫˡ
ΪЩԭԿеϢ֮̾ܵҶĻ⣬ϾǽӴϢҪխö࣬ܵ˵ʹʹ⸴ӻмί߶鷳
Ͽ㷴ϢҪҶԿеµΪʾ͡
ڿеˣҶҲǹ۲˺ܾãȷԼ֮󣬲ſʼõģΪ칫Σʵȶĸɻ쵼ָ칫ξҪȥҶĺܶ飬ǿеִеġ
еµΪеԲҶе֮ͷ֣ȻմСˣڲǱȽȶġ
ˣǿõġ
ҶǣҾ飬Ҫ쵶նСеɫ˵иֳмʽְĴҵиֳ֮ģкܶʱ鲻̿סҵĻӡ
λиֳѣڳӰ󲻴󣿡Ҷʵ
еˣȻ֪ҶҪλϼ͵⵱ȻǺ¶ˣΪҶиѵʶʵ˽ϼ͵ҶҲ̫ϣڵĹᣬϾǺ»ᣬ¶ͲˣڳӰ޷Ǿͼаˡ
ǰʱ򣬹ỹǱȽģνӰ֯ܳɫţǵڣûʲôʵʵְˣίץ˼룬ץæµһЩɥȢ¶
ڻϻ칤ģһЩϺˣԵȽϺöѣʲôҵӰҪˡ
ŶҶ˵ͷԼ¶еѶȵģ˵ãֻԼˣܲܿŹҳһŶӰ
ǰȷˣ󷢾ˡеϼίˣ
ѡиֳǸСͷĿʮ꣬ꡣ
иֳǸıƣҵԣʵҪƶˡ
ǰʱиֳĸǱȽţƵģ깤ũѧ̣ϴ磬ҵĹ˶룬Ȼ㣬񾭼תͣǰϷһЩ˵ʱβʲôģڶҪ䵱ˣҵĸɲҲս䡣
¶ۣͨҵĸҲδؾͲܹתΪĸҪɾʹúˣʡίļλԱҲδؾܹ˵ģһ㶼ҪϻۣͨȽתһ£һλ
ȻˣҲģԱĻ黹ûʲôѶȡ
֮ܶתǲУҪ˵˵Ĳιߡ
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ѡھ⣬˸ŵˣɺˣҵС͸һ£㵽ȥʱϼһٷȥɾһ̫үˡ
ĻᣬѡȻϷŹĺûᡣ
ʲôиֳҵãǵۺ𣿣ѡһȺɲǵɿЩߵ˵ҵЧձ鶼ãиֳһ֦㣬Щ˶йģҪǰǸˣٻһɶҲĸɲиֳʱҵˣָӷչҿάֶǺ
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˵Ҫһ˹λӡ
ôȥĻҿиֳҪԪˣ֪ܼܲӯأ˵ʡܶҵѾʼˣϣǲҪҲ䵽ֵزɡ
ҼĿˣָʹء
˷׷ۣԴ硣
ѡɢۣȷʵڹǵ˲С𶯡
٣ںܶ˶ʼСϢ˵Ҫиֳ쵼㻻ϲ֤ˣЩԻڣ˵ҪиֳˣƲ㣬ȻתΪ˽ҵҶȥʱҴʲôġ
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Ҷһ룬ǿɲܰиֳԼ
˵Ҫôأ
˶ǿͣȻȥίſھȥҪǸų
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˫ʱŤһʱ֮һŶ
Ϊȶʮ߲ԱߣڳʣɲǺܶˣΣԸͷ¶棬ѡСͱQúܻʵϴɿ𣬽ƣøӸ
̶̵ʱиֳƿʼ񻯣ǵҲ˻ҩƺһļ


657 ѹ
ʱڵũ¶һ죬иֳĹǵڱˣ
Ҳܼ򵥣ҪΪձˡ
֮ǰʱձСҰ壬ͬиֳ߶̸ˣһȽȽĲߡ
Ŀڿհ׵ģ֮Ԥܹиֳһȫµı仯ܹڹгռһµ¢гͬʱܽһֲƷȥ
һεĺĿиֳͶ˱ȽϴľģǰڵĿͺϣ˼ʮ׼
粻иֳͻȻµĻ¶Ѿ̸һЩüĿˡ
Ϊ˵͵Ŀ̸жϡ
Ȼ˵иֳʱֹĸʯҲȽĸ߹ܣҲձ˼̸ۺ飬ձ˷˱仯Ǿܾʯ̸УֻԸиֳԭȵ̸⡣
ɣֵܳĻôҲû̸ȥıҪˡСҰе̬ȷǳǿӲƺûκصء
СҰˡʯЩձЮصвСҰеĻ̾ͱʾҵ쵼ľ˭˭¶й涨ģСҰô˵ǶĴֱ棬̸ûʲôϵ
иֳСҰ֮ĺĿ̸УʯǴͷβμӹģԺ˸СҰЩè壬˱֮ΪĿܸˣͶԸֲ޶
СҰжԴȻǷǳģôһһЩر͵òˣŻĳЩ˵ĹĶ£˳̸һ£Ϊи̸ֳ飬ҪĿһЩϰԱиֳ
˭֪иֳĸʯҲʡ͵ĵƣͲһףСҰиеǳ
ʱڴ½ʱ򣬶ǵҪ쵼㣬֮޲Ӵ͸ӴϹһ㣬û뵽߶Ȼ飬̸Ҳеô˳
̬ȣҺܲ⣡СҰŭһϵļֽƬضǣվߵˡ
СҰеձ˶Щ㵣֪ôʲô˼ǲòʰСҰеһ뿪
СҰеĸྮһʵСҰô˦־ߣѵ̸Ĳټˣ
Ȼǣ̸лҪȥģ֧˵ѹȥĻСҰḶȽϴĴ̸ۣĿǲǵġСҰҡͷش
˵ҲǣϧǱˣӦѾںףˡᵽ飬һɵ̾˿
ԭǸѾ˽ڲЭֽͨʽһĲȻ⻤ʲôģȷ˵Եձȥӵȵȣڴ˻ϣӦСҰṩķ㣬԰˳ĿиֳȨƿС
ҶͻȻ֣ʹƻСҰе˰ղѣ֪ͲôĹֱӰЭǩˣҲôϲµصţܵĺܡ
ʯѶԸ֪֮ǰļƻģ̸УǼΪСҰ°˵Ӧ취¡
޷Ǿѡһ̱ʾǮŮһϲġ
ҲҪôᣬֻҪ취һЩѹǻġСҰ˵ϣ֪ͨǵ̸С飬ʰ׼ع
ûжãձ˵Ŀ׼عϢͨһЩ˳
еԭȻû˵Ǹֲ²ⶼָмί˫ˣԼεĸʯ̫ߣձ޷ܣȳ̸еȵȡ
Ϣ֮󣬺ܶǱȽżģ˵ǵгľݡ
ҶҸеǳľ̾͸Ҷȥ绰ǡ
֮ǰļƻСҰŻиֳͶϰԪһȫµĲߣֲȱʧĿհף⽫иֳӮõԾʽߣ֮ȻǿԤڵġ
Ϊˣ浽ʡ쵼ǣȽϹעһָʾĿһҪ̸ɣĻεȵȡ
ۿΪмίиֳ֮ձ˶Դ˸е⣬̸Ŀ޷ȥôԺָ˾ͱȽ϶ˣľгΪһ֣ȻҲе˼ѹòҵҶ߿ࡣ
㲻õģɰšҶľ˵
ôܲأľݱԹʡ쵼ǶҲΪģһͽ塢绰˵ģǲ֪˵ʲôĶУǸʡǹ֣Ͳֱָ쵼Ϊˡ
ʡҲԣQʵˣҵҪһʱôճҶЦһȻľ˵ĺˣձ˲ߣһǹѡ֮ǰ˳ҵ飬мίѾĺˣص֤Ҳõˣձ˻¸ǵĲҲ˺ܶ࣬ȫܹظСҰҵвȡթͲֶΣǳԲ˶ߡ
ǣʡҪģǴٳɺĿľݲòһ㣬ôֻһεĺĿ϶кܶ˷ԣʱҵӲùҲп⵽ǵֻǮֻ֣ŲиֳǷѾЩͿˡ
ľݵȻ죬ʵںӶʡĺܶɲڵſ֣ҸгľݴѹҲܴ
ΪίǽѾʡίίˣһûʸȥָʲôиֳͬձĺĿ裬ص̾ͽìͷ׼ľгָ²иֳʧء
ЩƺҲֱҶ鷳֪˻᲻ԼʣΪϢͨͺҶҪһٹ·ĿС鸱鳤ְ
ΪһͨҪиʡɲܹεְ񣬶һǸǳҪҵصȻŵһɲϣ˵ʲô⣿
Ҷʡõ֧ȣһĴ
ھͲֱָʾ棬̸Сòˣ֪ǸǸݰڴ棬ƵҲͰˣھȻҪԭǸݰĻϣٽ治֪ôģᵽ飬ľݸеǳߡ
Щ˵ֻζڹϾǡ
ͨڼ䣬ľǱ߶ȻͣͷǳżضҶ˵ҶˣиֳǱ߶¶ˣ
ţһȥ˵Ҷ򶨵ػش


658 ϸ
ѡиֳɿЧǷǳԵġ
ϤĹ϶ˣµʯСڹǵӰҲûôڳ˼벢ûкܿͳһ
죬ʯһֱ¸ɽǣͬձСҰоͺĿ̸УĹЩˡ
£ǵ˼еˣںѡ˿ìǰܶ˿ʼ˽
Щ˿ʼиֳ״ǣиֳδǣиֳڵ쵼ʾصĲΡ
ͻȻ˷ųģձ˲ƻ̸еϢ̼֮£ڳױ
ʱʯ˸СҰе̸вɢ
ԹСҰе˾;Ҫʰ뿪иֳдҲûо뿪ǣʱסǴƵ꣬Աݼ죬ȥǵξɡ
иֳĴ󲿷˲еĻֻǵΪ̸ˣձˣĿˣиֳûϣˡ
ΣҪʯѡɿʱ򣬿ָһ㣬Ϊʲôڵʱ򣬾˳˳ģʯˣ͸һŶ⣿˵ʯθ̫ձ˱Ŀг⣬ӲǱʨӴ󿪿ڸˣ
飿
ѡ㲻ǺɣҲ˱ʾ˻ɣ̸ôܵ飬ô֪Ļ
ұ岻̸ѡ˵Ϳʯһˣʲôֵģ
ѡıиֳһܹʦʮ꣬һ·ͨȥģƽʱҲͦ͵ʵڹţ˳Ϊϸкüλ쵼ͽܳҲûһε̰УԾ̸СеҪְ˵ϢǴӺѡ洫֮󣬵һЩ
˵ĿǸ㲻ɵĻǽսûϣˣ
ǳӯͦõ𣿡
˵ЩϻˣڳӾӲţһ¶ĺܶϵˣƷ·Ҳ⣬أۿͳŲסˣ
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Ǹô죿
ȥҪˣҪԷ
˵Ͱһ΢һǶ̾ˣ
ľݽӵ绰ʱѾһ֧ٶְɵĶ飬ۼиֳĴŴڳУʱгƴţĿܡ
иֳʱʯϢ̸֮ͬԱмίפȡϵŴҪµĹǡ
ͬʱͨ߶
ʯǳȥ
ҪȥԸ
ֵǣȥ
ȽϸӣҺֳһŶ
ʯʱʾǿӲֶΣ͸ɳľаʮˣڴŴͬʱʮŸס
ʱ򣬳嵽ŴĹ˲٣ˣղȣʮӣһ࣡
ʯҲеţиֳĶʲôְడְͷǧˣҪǳ˴ŵĻɾ鷳ˣ
ԴӼǰ֮󣬹ڶǷǳɻģľۻԭʲôֻҪ˽֣ͻһ˸ŵù
ͬ־ǲҪ嶯ʯһӵ棬Ǻ飬ڹڲҪ£ܵǱ߶ûʲôģҪú̸һ̸ìܣüĵɱ˴ң
ǲ㣡
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ЩڶĶţңٺ˼ڴ߶ƵĴŶеˣʮ涥ŵĻǾҪˡ
ʯȻǰǳӵĸܣȷʵҹ˺ܶĲۣ϶ǵ̸ѵҪԭ˵ʲôǶţ׷׹Ҫȥ
ѡСӣұQʲô
ʱȻһŭһӾûҵȺˣҷ׷׹˭˵
ʱ⿴ȥͼһλͷ׵ͬ־վڳϣùʯеŭص۾ͬʨһǡ
ĲǱˣϵڳҴܵĺѡı壬иֳĸܹʦ󺣡
һ˵Ⱥ̾Ͱ˺ܶ࣬Ҷͷ֪ôվʯһ߶ѵֶӣ
ΪϹ˵Ĵиֳʸ񣬺Ӧվڹ߶Ŷ԰
ѡôһɤӣʱҲһ
⼸죬ĴвΪ棬кܴһԭ򣬾ǴţȥЩͨǣͻȻ֣ұQȷʵе⧲ĸо
󺣴ʱ˿ȺеĺѡЩŭָСӣЩϼһﻹûʲôʱֵָֻˣ⼸㶼ʲôҪΪҲ֪ɢЩҥԣʲôģ˭ָʹɿ˵иֳˣ

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ôһ˵Ⱥʱͷֻˣкܶ˶˻ĺѡʱôһ˵ʱġ
˵ڳȥɿģȷʵѡ
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󺣵ȷʵͦߵģһӾͰѳӸסˡ
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ҸʲôѡҪΧСӣǺ󺣵ͽͽﱲ
Сӣ㣬⼸춼ʲôˣΪʲôҪڳɿΨ²ңָűƵǰͷĺѡʵ
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ıȷʵе̫Ծˣעһ£ܹЩʲôοָһĲǱˣı󺣣иֳӰܴϸ
Ǽ׸ܲܣұǸ󺣲ùߵıֶӣǴԹ˵⼸ӱڵľʣһտӣǾȻ˵ĺã˻ǮôţǻѸֳڿ尡ʵ˵⼸͵ίľٱţûһٷҲаʮ⣡
ͷһķԣʱǰЩ˶סˡ
мίòװȺˣǵãСһƣȻҪʹ߿Ĵ£󺣺Сӣ˵˵˭Ӧôڳ¶ģ
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ѡ亹̾ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ȼ˵ѾǶ¶ˣ̧ͷӡ
Ǻѡʹں棬󺣵ʵʱȻеЩз亹乡
󺣲һˣȻֻǸܹʦѧҲֻר˵ҲƵģû˸СΪһ·ͨĹ˸һֱڵλãҲΪкܶͽܶͽͽﱲҶ˿
Ҫһ㣬Ǻ󺣵һ
иֳĹ˵˭Ļܹʦǵһѡ
˵վʯߣϴɫָѡĹ⼿ʱ򣬺ѡˡ
йȻ©ٳǱôһӴ֮󣬾;⼸ʵǱQ̫ʵˣȷʵ˺ܶİѱ
鰴֮ǰԤչĻҲˣʱ򵽼Ҳ˭һϷǸʱпѾתʡȥĸųθˡ
ƫƫ©˵Ŀⶼе˺ѡϣ˳ֵĻɡ
˵Сôôԭ˱˵ĺôҪڳ¶º̾ˣߵָѡ
С治صΪ˵ӬͷСͰֵǸˣ㻹ǲˣ
ѡ嶼Ҫ㲻Ȼʲôö
Լӵ̨ԵôЩõĹô
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ѡһʱ֮佩֪˵ʲôá
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ӣ˵˭ôģ󺣿ľĺѡиߣû뵽ҾȻĲТӵܡ
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˵ǰʺѡҪĻָʹ֮˸˵
ѡôܰ˸˵ֻ˵ԷݣȲˣſڿӣѶԷı¶ڴ֮ͥ£ôʱ˭ø磬Ͳ˵ˡ
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ʲôıʲôӣǳ˸˿ñӣʲôѡȻ֮ؿһͦĺ󺣣粵ѵ˵Ŀ̸˲ʵ𣿣ձ˶Ҫˣʵ𣿣˭ܸңиֳľӪÿ£Ʒ·һֱ˥Щĸʵ
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ϺѡСӣû˿ļɵǱ˵Ļ治ȥģǶֶӣֻѡǷԼģûԼǷģ󺣵ȻҪһѪͷ
ĿĿģӪоģձ̸ȥģë£Ļ̥ڹ۶ϣɿʲô磬ʲô㲻Ψ²ʲô⼸ʮľҲǰ裬ָ̾ڡ
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ҲΪʲô˵˽׼ս֮ĻǴġ
һӾָˣ¶ѡӦùĵ飬ܣиòĵڲģϷûĻȲ˳Ҫˮ죬ìܣ쵼͹֮ìܳͻ˵Ǿ
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ǰʲôʱ򣬵쵼ʼնг·а취ԼЩСϰô죿ЩƲ˵ҵ쵼гкȣеطȥٶǹʲôأ
Ĵǵͷɢ
Щǰ֮ôùǶЩ쵼ģ
ǳӵľӪҲͰˣǳиֳδ˵ǣȻŵס΢һ˵ĻҪ׿ˣ
ֶ˵˵ȥ˭˵滰̾˲ͷˡ
й߶󺣺ͺѡֱۣȥ쵼һЩҪƹˣҲô򵥵飬ٵĵвҽĻҪģҲǴ˵뷨
ȥȥ
ʱȺе󵭶ˣԭѾĹˣֿʼ߶ӵ
˵ң˵ʱ򣬸ֳӹʯ˵ˣոսӵ˵绰ľгмίҶǣѾ·ˣϾܵҪҶԻʱʲô뷨
г𣿣
Ǻǰɣ
ҪгҲãǴ߶߹ȥʮԶء
µˣʱ΢ͣһЩ
ϾгĻܹ֤ģԴҲԸٶʮԩ·
ٵһҲʲô¶
ôһ˵ѡеżˣԭ˼ҸõģһҪѹ˴ȥΪֻйϽˣŻɱȽϴӰ죬Ż綼עиֳ⡣
öԷĻ˵ǲҪˣֻаˣ˲źó֣ĻǹﶷǶʲôġ
иֳʲôǻʲôЩǺѡĵģֻǵԼ겻񣬵ʱλˣԼСֻܼиֳˡ
ңѾַˣƸֳĹҲûʲô˻ϲɿ鷳ӣҪǼиֳ棬ֻ·һ
˼ǰ󣬺ѡ;Լֻһ·ߣǾһҪţѹǸƳȥֻҪ谭ǰ;һƬ
ֵǣҪǺƣѡ̾ʹ󺰵ǾҪǣгôڻ䲻ȥĻ磬ǻоȥ𣿣Ǵḷ̌
ѡļͬˣʱҲ׷׹ȥȥ
ֿʼӵǰߣŸƵÿ֨֨ڴǰЩҲƵƶ
ȥԲϽ֣󺣼״ʱеˣһ֣ѾԴıԱʱӲͷƤѹȥŴţضסˡ
գѡʱҲеۺˣҿ˭ţ
ؿʼʧˣ


660 Ҷ׼
˽ʲô֣ô˶ϸ
ں󺣺ͺѡ˶ŵʱҶͬľѾ˳иֳΧһ־£ĸϹ
Ǳ߶ñȽԴҶûע⵽ǵĵϾڽǧ˵ľۼ棬Ҷ⼸ʮʵԵúƽ
ңûϱǩĻгʲôģҲȱ˶೤һӻ۾ƾʲôܹȺһϳأ
к󺣣иֳĸܹʦԱ߶иֳĸɲܵܵӳĻǶȫģӰܴڳĺܶ쵼㣬ͽܡ
Ϊ˹ֱڳżߡľȻгǶиֳҲȽ˽⣬ϾвԴһͷܲġ
Ŷ˲ѵáҶ˵ͷ
ԭиֳȽڽû뵽кڣõĻҪ˵ҲһЩ
ҪģһиֳȽŵˣ˰ͷѶҪСö࣬Ͼ֣Ҳ˰źá
ҶķƵľݵɫɫ
Ͼгиֳ⣬Ҫеεģг
Ǳ߶ŵĽǧˣľݸеЩǣʵϣиֳⲻһγɵģͻȻֻ˵Ǳ߷һֻ֮һλѾõĴ󱬷
Ҷǣǵץʱ䣬ȥˣҪЩǳϽͷôҲǸɵͷˡҶվԹۣƺеֵ˼ľݾ̲ס˵
ľгٰ꣬а취ҶȴЦЦȿҵķӦѣԽֹؼʱ̣ԽܹóûһͻôܹλϸôܿõǱڹ֮еĵҷӣ
ľԱͬиֳԱͲľгҶǣܶԻλǳһѡǺͬ־ıֶӣû뵽ֶȻᳳ
Ҷˣɵֶ࿴λϸۣȷʵֵԼصע
иֳ⣬Ҷһֱڹע֮УûΪɹץˣõ˹ؼ֤֮󣬾͵ģʵϣ˿øԶ֪ôĺжôأҲ֪ܻиֳӪɱȽصӰ졣
ͺ˵ͶҪץֵŪ˼ƿƿ޹ޣӦһѡҶȻǲЩ˶Ǵиֳ棬̹ҲƲģҪϳ֡
ǳ֮Ҫô죬ʵҶѾ˰š
֮һֱڵȴֻҪ鱬֮󣬻жԣ
ȴǵģȻҶǵĺݺݳһҪǵף֪ҶˣıûκεĺôҲûκȡóɹĿԡ
Ҷܹôǲ֪ľܹŵ
Ҫ֪һΣиֳͬձ˷ĺĿ̸УҲ˺ΪĿܹĻиֳĲܣգгãǳ
˽ҲټиֳҪ쵼ȡǻ㱨̸еϸ⣬ʱһЩָȻҪŬĿסġ
ҶǣܲĿȤģиֳ˵ձϵʡĺüҵиֳռ˾Ƶģ߶¶ôСҰźпܾͻὫ̸صתʡˡľݲòһ¡äĿֹ۵ҶĿǰٵΣ֡
ȻľݶСҰǸ̸дŲȤǱϾԷǴϰԪͶʣĿĻ˵˻Σʡ϶Ҫֱӽгõġ
Ҳûʲô취ϾڹڶʵȺܴȫ㴢ոͻưԪǰ£ϰԪͶʣһ²ཫһԪͶʣиֳԣСС
ľгҪżҶȽתľ˵ձѡأֺγûУѾͬӢȡϵͬзǳȽļҪתãж˹棬Ҳмָұ׼ءձ˶ԣǵѡظһЩ
ӢͶ˹ĸ󣿡ľ֮󣬶ʱһ
û뵽ҶôȻӢͶ˹ĸ⡣
Ҫ֪ڸҵĹϵһֱǺܺãǸ۵عڼӢ˲֮£ϲʲôıƣԹڸӢľúǳǳ٣϶ͷƺлůļ
˵ձԹ½Ĺңձ½Ļᣬһ´ˮڰƣڴ½ȡ˷Ļر
ʵ϶ڵЩɲǶԣձĽӴ࣬ǵĿֻǶűȽµձˣʲôӢͶ˹ȵȣȷʵûж֪Ҳûжٵ
Ҫ֪ģʡĿǳӣ϶˵飬ɲΪӢ˺Ͷˣͻ׸ı䡣ľҶ
ڶ쵼Σ˼˵ʲôĿ쵼һԴͶˣûжپȨֻ쵼ǻĿ
иֳ飬ʵʡѾȷ˸ձ˺Ĵи̸ֳ飬̸ֻϸڣΪҵȡȨѡ
Ҷ룬ȴֱƷܣ¯
ôĻܲиֳߵļƻ֮䣬ʡ쵼ǾԻƷ֮ǰļƻеŭġ
Ͷʾ⣬ҪǹⶢһҶ̸УʹƣԶ̸ûлģҲԶ༸ѡ˳ҡҶʾʡֱӶиֳҵָʾ̸ָУֱǶҵȨĴֱ棬غʡѾ˷ȨӶʡ߶Ϯȥ·ǲġ
ľݺγè壬ĳ쵼ĳĿָʾĿ̸֮󣬲Ƿӯڵʱ򣬾Ѿ˸쵼̣;һŨīزʵĹâ
һиֳСҰ̸֮УʵҲʡĳЩ쵼ˣҲ̸м䣬ƵƵ֣ͼ̸е
֮ǰˣδͲЩиֳĴˣǵı£ȻʡĳЩ쵼ķкͷͨиֳսͬҶչһԸ¡
ǣҶôǣ
Ҫıиֳ״ҵվͱƶҶľ˵ȹеĺȺֻ֮ǵһý̸УԳưʡ棬ǵڶ
еľЩʵ
Ҷûüش𣬾ͿǱ߶ѾͰ㵹ˡ


661 ǹ
עĺü¼ˣԺ˶ҶһʱЩŭ˵
һθҶģ˹Ա֮⣬ҶҲݱƻ׹ٺӴ֮µ¼󣬶үǿԵظľҪʮСʱ
ҶԴǳģС첲šȣҲֻǡ
иֳȺ¼֮Ҷ;⼸֮أٿԻԼȫ
˵ֻڳĻҲνľһŮԼĹϵֲɸˣҶȻҪչ˵ʲôģʱļȷʵó
Ǳ߶ѡѾһ㣬Ͱ˳Ȼ󽫴ź˴š
ֻһ϶ʱȼܻ棬һ̫ûзţ˵һӾȼ

ⷴӳǵУһֲ̬ͼй
ʱ򣬴ҶеˣҲһƻĿ֮У
ƻͳޣмʺа񣬶˵ԣֻں췢չĹУе˽ЩԸˣеƫطչЩԣ͵ϳ˺˺ͻˡ
ĳЩضĳ֮УͨⲿֶεĴ̼׾ܹ֮еЩͷųӶʹЩ񱩺ƻ״̬֮УΧ˻ɷǳ𺦡
Ҷע⵽ڻһ˲䣬ܶ˵۾ͿʼƻϢ
˲ȼľȻҲΪͻһ־
ˣϹ˳Ȼ֪ôĺʲô
ھȼһɲǣҲûʲô취ϾֻǸϹˣȻ쵼㣬ȴǴ¼ӦбɵҲûʲôõӦԷ
̵̬ܹõЧƵĻнƵѾۼ˳һǧ˵Ĺ˶飬ƱػϽͷǽһͻ
Σ˭еģ
󺣿Źµĺѡ֡
Ȼòƾʵ޴ıֶӣ˸ˣˣ
ηչҲиֳ˭ѡȺ¼ҪӣԲܴлúô
Ҫ֪鵽Ҫ˳еΣѡڱQôʵʱ˼Ҳץץ˭Ͼڳϴƻģ˳ţջپҪϴ֣ѹ
ЩʹĵؿЪ˹״̬ĺѡ̾Ϻôô޴һӣ˵ǹʹԼ֪ȴȻУ
뵽ѡĹʲôôڵ쵼ҲһͷȥΣշӣѡ·ӣѾԼˣ
һɱƷɱԼƫƫ֪˼ŪȨĵߣֻб³
̾˿ڵѾ޷ˣҲΪ
Ա߶ʯҲǼŭӣȫû뵽ЩǾȻܹ
ջԼӵĴţͼȥЮ쵼쵼ıļֻиֳ鷳
ձ˵ǮôõСӵÿһ棬ڳͨϷʽӶиֳȨ档
İʡĳЩ쵼ĽͬǷݺͬĻиֳûȨˣһжҪСҰŰڲʱԿģЩǣ
ϧǣǸû뵽һ㣬ֻǰһӬͷСȴԸȥãԼʯͷԼĽţʱڶˣ
󺣺ʯǶཻϵ˶һۣ˶ԷеΡ
˵£ڵòʡֵ֧£ձ˽թʹܹ֮£ڵòǵ£иֳҡҡ׹ѾߵΣյʱ̣
ϺܸףѴҴ̶ģϧܹʯʱݺᣬί
ǸѧʶˣҲãƫƧ²͸ģ
ģǺͿģĺͿҲͿһϡͿôȥˡҡͷ̾гôûôȥϹͷҲͽˡ
ǲԼʲô飬ϾиֳĶģڳߣһϺͿ˭ô
ĵģиֳδôҵľ棬˭ܹȴڼȵأ
ҡҡͷУʯҲУʵҲˣ
ȥҳȥ
ѡЩغţ۾ͨ죬ʱѾ˷״̬ȼĵĻʹҲҪ񱩺ͷйҪıԵ
иֳĴţʮʷϹŶˣֹƷҲиֳô߹ļ֤
ʱȼܻ棬ЩֹȥĽյŤʼŵ巢Σʼ䡣
ȼպ͹ǵĳײ£ڿʼ㸲رΣŤ㸲
˭Ҳ޷赲һУֻۿŴŵĵ£ȻٿŹϽͷһǽΣ
˭Ҳ޷֮иֳΪʲôӣΪʲôӣ
ҲûóһΣǷӶʡٳĴϴƣǷǣߵĹԱǣĹע
һУδ֪֮˭Ҳ²͸
ڴҡҡ׹ʱһı졣
ǹ
ͻ˫סˣɲ֮䶼ͣ
طиֳԴˣƽʱ߶Գһϵ򽻵ʱ٣Ҳγ˷ȶľסиֳİҲиֳԼıڸ
ǹӶǰʼѾûˡ
ʱȻǹͻ˫ԼͬؽĿ˳ǹķ򣬿˹ȥ
ֻڲԶһֳһ֧ʽǹǹڳ죬ðһ
Ȼǹʾˣ
˭
ô㿪ǹ
쳣еʱ̣ǹǼֱǴ߻˭Ҳܹ֤ǹ֮󣬻ᵼ¼ĸչ
֣ĸɳı£󺣼ˣɵĿѣһ˴¶ôǺã
йβμӴ˶ĺ󺣣Ȼ֪ǹھۼȺʲôãֻǰۼǧ˵УѾкܶ࿪ʼɧˡ
Ǳ¡ʯǸ˵ͬʱҲվǸԵŮӣɵɲʲô£мίǣҶ
ʲôһСӣȻʲôίǣûмʶҶµĺ󺣣ɵЩ㵵طʵ
һȥʮͷëͷСӣѵǸгƽļί𣿣
󺣾ԼѾЩҵͷԣʱҲˡ


662 ٵһǹ̵
ҶǹȻǹʾԾĲǶеĹǡ
ҶԵľҲһҲû뵽ҶȻǹˡ
ΪһмίǣӦͬǹеЩմϱ߶ģƫƫǹˣҲǹǳֻ˵ʡǳǹұǧˣͲʲô¶µĻ
˭ǹأѵǹָͨϰˣ
һǳص⣬һãͻᱻóΪֶΡ
δǰģЩ⼿޴ڣľһĽţΪҶĲ侲ûڲѡ
ôܿǹأľݲҪҶֱ۸סǸǧָPOSE
ǹͿǹˣǹٵôߣ±˲֪
ΪطԱľݵʱ֪һӣԲģȥ֮ͳˡ
ۼҶô侲ľн֡
Դ飬ֻöԷˣźð¶Ҷǹõߣʹ˴Щζǹڣ˹ػش
ľݵʲôҶΪίǵְ֮⣬иоٽֳݣҲôóȻǹʾô֢ܶ࣬òʧ
Ȼǹ֮ЧܺãһӾͰˡ
֮ǰһֱܷĺѡʱҲͣЩãȻҵӵؿ˶档
ʱҶѾùһֻʼǰŻǼСӣѾˣɻȥ˶ͷ𣿣Ҷڣٶ࣬ץץ
˭ҲʲôëͷСӣҾмίҶҶס˶ԷԾһĶվø߸ߵģ˺ҵǵԱԱģתȥãǵԱԱģʮѡһϯ
ҶͨȥԵƻֺꡣ
ľгѾˣҪ̸ģȥ˵ǽΨһ;ҶţͼΰģҴһձҷӴãϳͲ
ҶĻɱڣʱͰ˸סˡ
Ҹ˵ǵģļ˶ȻⶫҪĵʲôĺס
ѡ˴ʧɫ۸ߺȥ
⼸˴ͷײţʲô飬˼ҶĵһҪһʲôģһҲܲ
ʱ˵ʲôˣ˭ҳͷ˵ɶ֤
˵˵ѡ⼸Q˶סˣһǰ壬ҪѾŷ嵽ȥ
顭
һ촫˹ǰͷĺѡҶһǹ̵ͬشһ㣬ȥ
翹·һҶغתȥʲô⵽ýиڳŵģҵӵ飡
ɳԱ͹ıԱץѡΪԱ
Щˣ֪ô죬е
ôŲûľгվ𣿣ģһɿְҶŭһ
ôһ˵˶ʱһʼӴ漷ȥʼˡ
ѡͼͷ¶ģ̱ץ
ҶĵĸģͻûзĵԱԱʼͷˣ߶ճ˴ʮҵĿռ䣬źѡ˱ץס
ҶһǹûǺܴģ˶ˣû뵽ҿǹһֱˣȷʵ̫󣬿ѡǹˤѪô־ͷ
ͷУû˺ѡ¶ˣ߶̾Ͱˡ
Ȼ󳧲˿ʼſȺֳʮ飬ɵԱԱǴţ򳧲Ǳ߶ˡ
ҽԺǱ߶ӵָҲϽһȻеصĺѡϣڼԱ㻤£ȥҽԺΡ
ôģĶţ˲ɢľһ
ղҶѡǹŵʱľݿһѺģһ˼ѪǼ˶־Щ˿ǵסġ
ȴû뵽ǹһ죬ѡǹ˵ǶѷˣڸʵʵػȥˣҲľݸеЩ˼顣
ӳͻĽֻ˴ţеٶѣ޴󰭣ΨһǺѡˣһǱȽϼ֣ϾǺƽʱڣҶмίǣƺҲûпǹȨ
źѡڣһץʮˣ࣬Ҳ١
оֵѾϵˣڽӹʮˣȻ͵ؿʼѯʣֿʣܵʲô˵ָʹ
Щ˵ҲֱӾˣ˵Ǻѡôģ˵ѡ˵³֮ȥʡְˣʱ԰ҲȥͲиֳˡ
ľгҶǣ˽⵽ЩӵľٸеЩˣܹŵѡŪʡȥˣԲСֻýλ쵼˼򵥻㱨
ľһθܵεĲпԣһεĻ֣Ȼʡڲһ붼˺ģµĸɲྭӪΪиֳָȴ벻Ȼ⡣
⼸ˣѡ⣬оɳʮɾˡҶָʾҲʡʲôˣʡίɽҪˣҲҪһ㱨˲ӣֱʣ
ǣǣӵľôϴɫһ˵ʱҲеͷࡣ
һε飬Ȼģͬѡĳָʾôںѡץ飬϶Ѿ˱˵ĶĿ֮Уƾͻʹ˴ս˰ɣ
ϾѺѡѱڶԷУΣ̫ˣ˭Ҳôд
뵽Ҷ֮ĻӭϣֱλԱǹһҵɲԣ治ʲô¶
ֻǴҶ̬֮Ҫһչȷʵǿˡ
߶飬󺣺ʯ˾ʹչˣ涼Щɫû뵽ҶίôǿƣȻԼǹ˰
ҶǣľгʯϽʺ
ʯľʶģҶǻûʶĻᣬΪмίĹԱһӾѾפиֳҶļλϵõġ
ȲҪ˵ˣȥáҶ˿Եľݣʯ˵ȻʱסˣʼҪģȻĻ¶ᷢ
˶׷׵ͷ˵û
¹ǰֻΪҶֶγϣ˶סˣʵòĻǻָΪȺ¼ģһøӱҡ
ľгһȥɡҶľ˵Ȼ¶мίģҲƺܲ˺ڹ


663 ˺˷
ʲôҶȻǹˣ˳ϢʱȾȻ
ִ֮䣬˳һվ½ǹҵϵĲ豭豭㵹ˮ˳Ū½һƬʪܵġ
˳ȫ˲飬ŵ绰һµ棿
ǧȷʡԼеϡͷȴǷǳ׽˵ҶСӵҲǹʵģͥھȻ͸ҿǹһˣҿȥճ˸ǣȻǸѡô¶ҶһǹȷʵúܺãҲƽϢˣҪǷΰˣͬʱָԼ鷳
ĵͦģһѡҶһǹˣҶ;ҲǾʹ˸ˡ
ô˶ɣͻȻǹһҵɲҲ˵ȥ顣
ʵ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻôҵֶԸѡ
ѡҶһǹ̵ʡ֮࣬ҲеС˼˲иֳͬʱܿҶϴ鷳úõԲ˶ߡ
ʵϣʢҶʡһǿߵġ
ʮмίǣñЩʮĸɲԿ
˵ˣ˵Ҷһмίǣĸ߹٣ֿǹȥ˺ѡʡһ¶Ͳɵôҡͷ˵Сӻ̫ˣΪ֮
ʲô飬ñȥأʱ⣬ҲǲԼ
ҶʿĹԱҲģΪʼվǸ鷳һ΢⣬ͺױץסѱֱӸȥ
˷粻ɳôܰǹڶ׼ͨأ˳ľ֮󣬾ͺضʡ˵ǸҵĿģиֳ飬㲻ܲŲʣҪá
ǣ˸ǣ¶еǳ𶯣ȥʡشֻ¶Ҫδеò׼Բʾһ¡
ʡҪȥˣֻ֪ҶȽǿƣǼίȽ϶ĲŵĸˣһʡδؾܹѹסԲŻ˳ҪƲߣ˳ʲô취ָ
ʾ̸ϣԣҲи̬ȡ˳˼һ£ڵ绰˵ô˵ȺڿǹǲԵģԭ⡣
ǣǣˡʡ֮󣬹˵绰Լͷ鲻ؽй飬ȥиֳ
ôеðʧˡûעʱľСҶ˵
ڵĹϵеرǰ϶ͬţ˺ͺ˵ˣֻӾǻ֮󣬵ûʲô̫ܵϵϾ߶˶ǳۣǹܣܻᱻ˷ֵʲôǾͱȽ鷳ˡ
ڽҶǹѡ飬ľʼվЩףܵ˻£Ҷ
ڵʱ£ôѡ񡣡Ҷľ˵˵Ҫ£Ҳû취飬˵Բߣɷģȡ֮
ôôģľݶҶ̬ȺЩ
ҿöˣһǣƵʲôˣҶΪȻػش
㡭ԼСİɡľݼҶԴҲɵЩһ۵
˻֮£ȥиֳĴá
һԣһЩҵԼãҲһʱĲ
ҶǳӣǱģһԷḻȺڵĻһҲʱͳһ˼룬ߣҵΪʽƣһ޽øɣݻʴ
ʱиֳ棬Ѿϯǧ˾Ҳˣ¹иֳ£ĵԱǶˣкܶȺڴҲͷӿӿ͵Ҷ쵼һȷĽ͡
ôû
ǿǳˣ쵼Ҳͳ˰ɣ
Ҿ֪ЩٵŲá
˵硣Ҷӳ˲ӣϯ̨Ǳ߶ʲôʱܿгͼίǳ֡
ڴŴĳͻǻѡһǹȷʵ˴˱ȽϴϾǰҶû뵽мίǾȻҲǹ֣Ⱥ֮Уһǹ̵˺ѡͷµļһ
ںѡڴҵҲǣ⼸ֹȷʵЩ鲻ʣڳϴɿ󺣵һ󣬴Ҿ;Сӿ϶ʲô˵ʹĻô
˵ʡʹѡڳ¶
Ҳô˵ϾǳˣҲǸ̨Ľ
ҾˣиֳôҲãʡҲãôܿǳٶҪģиֳˣҲûкô
ټ֣㿴ɶǱ߶ǳӲСҵѾˣ
۷׷׵ʱֻϯ̨߳һˣǹϯͳơ
ϼǸ˶ڳԵ̸ӰͲˣǾٰʲôᣬְʲôϼԴˡ
ͳƴ˴ͲȻ˵ͬ־ǶˣίǳӷǳģľгͼίҶڰæ֮ݰ٣ΪǽģҪע᳡ɣάֺ򣬸ֳεĸˣǰš
˼ͳƵĻµĸɲǾͿʼжˡ
ܿ죬᳡ͰҲҪλϣʡô
߶æҶС棬иֳļʮλ߼ɲǻһͳһ˼롣
ĿǰҪìܣձ˵ĺĿǷܹϾۺһڵĿһˣȷʵַġʯȽиֳһ£ȻľݺҶ˵
ʵиֳĿС飬û˵ܾձ˵ĺ飬ֻ˫۹еķȽϴһʱﲻЭ飬СҰŵСҰƺͼиֳ쵼˱ȽϴĶҪЮҪȡݺݵեȡиֳ
ôһĿСͬ˶ԷҪиֳ𣬵ʱ򼴱Ǵ˺ҲòʲôôᶪܶഫͳгĿȨ
Ǿܾ˺Ҫصĺ
ھΪ˳飬Ե¹ǲ쵼㣬̸һ˳Ǿ;ŪʲôԲŻֳᵽЩ飬ҲǷǳߵġ
гľݾͱʾڿһıձǱ߶ӣɿƫƫʡҲ˰ʹѹҲȽϴ󣬽ҶǼʱϵֹͻֳܻ
һǾ仰ձ˺ǲԣҪʣĻǿѡȻܶ࣬Ӣˣ˹ˣ¹ˣЩڿǷΧ֮ڵġҶʾҪùǲֻձһѡиֳйгƣܹҵʵĺ顣
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664 ͬ־ڷ
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ҶǣᵽӢҵһ顣ʯҶ˵ӢǱ߶һֱڸҵתͣЩ߶ʼ³ˣҪҲǺ¶ϾǱ߶һЩֲָߣǹڵĿհס
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ӢȽҪĳУλӢвҲĽӹģ乤ҵϵڹҵʱھѾˡ
Ǳ߶ĹҵҲȫӺɫұɫұ𡢻Ǳᡢɻѧȷ棬漰ҹģܴԶǹڵĹҵϵܹȽϵġ
ֻΪŷ޵ʵޣ⹤ҵԼȷҪŷôʮǰʼѾƣ״̬ľҲҵҵԼԴҵתƣʹòĴͳҵȺžҵĵ
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Ҫ˵ԷۼۺܵͣҶһҲỳɡ
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֮ܶʡҶǳðһγ˶Ҫָ⣬ȻҶµġ
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ңСҲԶиֳĴ棬ۼǧƵĸɲְڵŹǽ⣬ѡ
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Ҫ⣬ǹǺò侲һЩǾþò⣬𱬵ҪӾ磬ʱֳʲôء
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ŵµĹǶ׷ҹľݵһЩ
ΨһĵģҶǷܹӦŭĺʡǱ߶㲻Ļ߶飬ҲҪġ


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СҵĸڣҶʡԶ
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Ȼ˵ȷʵһЩ飬ԭԭ
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Ҷôһ֣ҪٻεĿԣͺСˣôںӶʡܹɵӰҲή͵һԽܵĲϡ
ʡ˼˵ûгǹȨɣҶʵ
ǵģûгǹȨûпǹȨʡͷʾ
ȨأҶʵ
ôܣʡȫȻŵҡҡͷͨʲôõ˳ǹ֤Ҳӵж˿ǹȨ
ҶЦЦȻԼĿڴͳһСӵϡ
ʡԣֻǿһǸСӣǺɫģӡнɫĹգӦʲô֤ķƤ
ùСӣһʱסˡ
ⶫھ֤һƬӡ£ƬҶƬװȥȽʽǲɫģյҶװİգϵһŽ⣬ȻٽΡ
¿ͼϸдҶ¡ŵȵȣֹдоٽֳ֣ȷʵѺʡһ
ǩˣְһȻһ׳ͬ־
⡭ôܣʡôҲţⶫȻģ
һǿģܲλа֤ǻ֤Ҷ˺ʡһۣ˹˵ڣгǹͿǹȨ˰ɣ
ʡСдעеѣεĸо
СӣǺ


668 ƴ
ڴ棬ľű˼ϢлϻµĶҲиֳб
治ʱرҵùϯͳƿˣɵЩ鼤ƺ⼸ûйôֵĳˡ
ǰʮ꣬ʱиֳǺֵģΪһĴҵиֳǳḻְҵḻþиԷٰĽĿʱʡ쵼ǣҲĳ͡
ʱиֳľӪʼ˻£ȻƲǾӪȷʵǾٲά裬ȻҲû˼ȥʲôҵҲ
ӽĻ᳡ϯ̨ѾûʹãȻʰһǽ¥Щ¾ɵĺ죬ʽΣ˵һ㣬ǰǸ@һʱиֳѾڡ
ãȻһֳ˴飬̬תҲܾˡ
Ҷһǹʯ쾪ȴǰиֳһµľ
ͳƺһϻصĶʵôһڳĹǳæ˱ϣǵ̬ȻҲȶһӴĶ֮󣬹ĿҲʽϡ
ֶʵҲǽһ˵ģһ˥ˣôΪѣ㱬ͷôз棬ҵλ߿һ̵ۣơ
󵽣һζиֳ»̨ס
ϼȻǹϯиֳʱҲãȻһ˫ƵĻֻۣҪͦѵһζӣһȫµиֳͻ̥ǣ
һΣҶһǹͣˣίôܶиֳͶôԴиֳ˶Ĺע
ϯ̨»Ⱥϼ͵ҲɵЩȣǻصԼʱʱҶí˸ɾһ˼Ҫʵĸִأһ㣬Ҳʮ˰ɡ
ʱۣʮʱ䣬ı仯Ҳ̫ˣиֳòҲ˴ı仯ǰ룬ѾƣҪӦʱĲһ׵顣
ǲô˵ֻҪס˳ӣҾһȽȶĻ·
Ͼ֣ǻʲôأ
¶ҪͷʼѧϰĻЩϸֳǣʵǲռκεơ
ϼԱ߶վϯ̨ĻһСӣʾ⡣
ţϼһǹḺ߶һСǾĵ˹ȥôأ
ϯҶ˵ʡҪ仰֪ͨһ¡С˵
Ŷ֪ˡϼ͵˵ͷع
λͻȻܹĺʡϼ͵滹еǵģϾһڣƺҪҶ鷳Ȼ˵ȥ˽¹ͨȥˣȴҲ֪չΡ
ʱҲ֪ʡڴ˵Щʲô¶ǱȽ˵ǵġ
ϼԼҲ֪ͲҲֻǹؾص֪ͨˡ
˹ȥľ˵һ¡
ľϢ֮Ҳһ£û뵽λʡҪǰ¶棬ȻҶתôӦѾ̸ٳʲôӡ
Ⱦһ¡ľݴϲ֮еȺ֣صرʾܹҵĺʡ˻᳡ǴҹƻӭʡΪָʾ
ˣʱʼ
λʡҵҲİÿиֳشǻģȻˣ˼ܸܲϹǾ˵ˡ
һƬҵУʡ˳һ߶ţһ߶һ⡣
Ҷ΢Ц󣬿ȥһŶڡ
ȵ˾֮󣬺ʡԱ߶ľݺʯ䣬ŶŻͲ˴˵ͬ־ǣҴʡίʡԴֿʺ򡣡
һҵΪոľݴĺϢӴԹɢˣʣµĶǶδڵĶΣʱλ򲻷ĺʡøС
ͬ־ǣʡίʡһֱǳиֳķչǲûǴҡʡǸ˵˲ţһһٺиȾ飬ǳдԣһε鷢֮ҺʹġίһӸɲǣõõƽ飬ҺοҳҪұʾףأףиֳȡڵĴ󶩵֮⣬ͬʱҲҪԴһЩҡ
ʡ˵ƲӣͲҪԸӣֻһ˷ԣ˲ϵرҵֳձȾķǳг
иֳ߶ҲʧʱɳרЩϽҪΪӰƱģϾиֳڷչʷϵһؿڣܾʷ塣
ľһԣ˼ȴЩƮʱҶһۣȻڲ²ղʡʲôף
ںʡֲֻղŵǹ¼Ҷ϶˵˺ʡĻλʱôƽͣ棬֮ǰСʱʡһӦϴɫضҶչˡ
û׼Ҷڳϴʲôġ
Ҷ̬Ⱥܶ΢Ц΢̧һЩ°ԸһЩƺϸźʡĽʱػƣʾͬ
ľݿҶı֣һֹŹֵͷСװһȻı鶼ûУӣ벻ѣҪ˵Ҷڱ֧ۺԴܸṩٰ
еˣǵٵ϶
ֻľݵҲе棬Ҷ˵ʡģ
ֻǰʵĻδؾλʡԱģľлɣȴҲ²͸Ҷĺ«棬ʲôҩ
еһУҪɢ֮Ҷϸѯˡ
иֳľ֮װͬ־һҪϧʱʡȻ̸ԺŨ˵Ĺĸǳѣкܶҵ󲻵òƲľ棬иֳȻѾһõĿˣҾҪͬͬ£ãϣһʱ򣬵Ⱥҵǵ칦磡
Ǳһҵʱл˲֪﷭һģ˵
ʡԴ˺޽٣ЦſŴңƵƵ֣Ȼǳ⡣
ҶЦŹƻӭȴЩӣһε飬ЩϵеģЩ֮ģиֳֵȺ¼ʵһЩҲõóѡϸϡ
Ƕںʡĳ֣Ȼ֮ģ׼֣ȫ㹻˵ԷҲ˾á
ʱʱõоְֵȻǽһε¼Уȴѩ̿á
һ飬һһģĪǰǺ˵


669 η
ôˣ˳ǿʡʱһľ㵡
ӡУʡȻԼһЩҲûнʡίίУҲǷǳḻģҲڻĹ飬һֱʡĹҵ裬ڵҵӰܴ
һε飬Ҷǹˣǿ֤ȷ䣬ݵʡȥҲҪһץסҶСӣúõؽѵһġ
Ӷʡôϸɲǣһǹѫ׿ḻʲôʱݵһëͷСͷˣ
һΣʡǱ˱ȫ۵ľģҿӶʡɲֶεġ
˳ǶںʡҲǱȽϿõģһҶӦѲ˸ϵ
Ǵڳ칫ĺʡϵıƺͲôֹˡ
棬ʲôأ˳ǸǶԴҲеЩ졣
˸ǣηʱʡϣЩεɫ֮⣬һЩ˵ģƺǸпеź̬һù˳ҲȻ
ô鲻˳˳֮󣬾Щɵطʵ
ҶȷʵǸʡͷ˵
˳˺ʡĻӿɳ棬ĬĬسһϣڣɫÿ
ʡ˿˸ǣҲʲôֻǲ϶ϾһǴ˸ǵָʾȥģȴûа飬ȹ˸ǵ棬վһЩ񣬱˵ϺĿ
ʡʱҲûʲô취ǹ˸Ƕ˿Ϊã²ȵȣҲٶҶˡ
Ϊ飬Ѿˣ˼Ҷվ˷ɵƸߵϣĸ֤Ҳǳ֣ȫܹԼθժҪģҶǷ֤ȷʵѺʡһ
ֲεĸɲǣȻоǸʲôĴڣ˵ְֳλǾ͸һ޷Ŀꡣ
ҶȻֱܹӶһ׳Ĳųθְ˵ʲô⣿
ȥҲû뵽ҶȻһ׳ˣ
Ҷ֪뷨Ļ϶֮Աǣ˿ȴЦϾһ׳ţôܳҪְأ
Ҫ֪оֱֿӶһ׳ģָҲָӲǶϮϴͳˡ
ѵ˵ǹҲôһӣ˳ǲЩطʵ
飬ǹ˳ŵ⡣
ҶΣҲһίǣֲڱԱôܹȨǹеǶ˿ǹأⲻѧⲻҲϷ
˵ʡӧҪȥҶĺϷʱ˳ǾȻͬˣǴڵϺ²
ô򵥵飬ʲô⣬ҧסһ㲻ţܹ˾ȫ׽Ҷ鷳Ϊʲô˲أ
˳ǶԴˣȫȻ벻ͨʡҲϺûô۸ֵ
ʡȻ֪˸ǵԹȷʵûа취ͣΪҶչʾ֤֮󣬾ͺҪ󣬴漰һܣϽй¶ĻҲͲ˵ˡ
ʡȻλȨأȴҲҹйҶϵ׶һ¶о֪ˣٴһ׳Ķȥ⻹ʲôԺ
ԼԹųǸǵزʡҲ˵еʵԭֻһĿЦһǵѵı飬ҧأҲ˵
Ϲˣô㣬⡣Ƶˣʡҧ˵ҲǶĽˣҵĸף涼ЩȨգȻǺ¶ǵĸ׾ǱȽǳ˵䲻ĻʱˣηǶˡҶˣǲãǲã
ûͷûԶĻʡ͸ˣһͷˮĹ˳ǡ
˳һڰ칫һ磬Ҳȥɧ
ȵ°ʱ򣬰칫ҵŴˣʧһذʮƨɣŨ̲ϢܹһǹֱӸȥ
˸ǣˣɵôһ
˳ǰ˰֣ʾû¶֮߳󣬺Ȼ·żԼĴûдţֵͷȥֻԭ֥Ҳ쵼͸
һԿˣЩпƽʱ˸ǶǽЯģ׷£û뵽Ͷ£˵ѹܴ󰡣
ؼҡ˳ǵ³Ȼ˳ȥ
ʵеʱһʱ˳ʱҶڸľ˵
飬ȷʵǴ䣬˿ЩĿɿڴ
иֳ·ҪϽֿʼĻȻ󵽳ŴĳͻٵҶǹѡȻٵʡҴҸҪҶȻٵٿᣬͳһ˼룬ȡ˴󶩵ٵʡҶ˫˫֣ͬʢиֳŬʢίŬǿʡίʡӡ
ʼչᴩһ߶Ҷǹ¼
ǴӿͷǰĲȴľݸеԾǺʡ̬ȱ仯˾úѽܣôϢأ
Щʱľݾ˵λʡ˸ཻãк棬˵ûеõ˸ǵĵͷҲǺܴ
Ͼ鷢֮׵ľίʡҪ˵йϵ϶ҲеģǸʡĹϵ϶ǲ󣬳ǳĹĳϽˣǲŻ⡣
Ǹʱ򣬸óľͲǺʡˣǰ⽻˺Ӷʡϴɽǡ
ƫƫʡռƵ£վҶЭˣⱳ󣬾ʲôĻأľôҲ²͸
ʲôϵľݾҶʵ
ľݵг칫̸ܿˣԻҪȻҲõĻʲô⡣
̸ֻŹδ̸һ𣬴ʱľݾҶϣ§ҶĲӣǵٸʵס
ҶľȵĴȸԼ¶ȣеĸоϸһ룬طķϵʵ̫ˣðղá
ζţ˶֪к̨Һ̨ܴ󡣡Ҷ͵ԣóһȽԺյ֤ʱЩ˾²⵱УСӵĺ̨˭أǺǣ˭ҲţڹڵĻ£ûıڵλӣԣϺҵоٽֳ֤ǿױǩ󣬶ʱʹˡ
Ҷôһ˵ľݶʱˣɵʧЦ
ԭ㵱ǽͬ־ˣľЦֲãغʡ棬һǺˣ˭ãҪһ׳أ
ǺǣҾ˵ʱΪҶһ⣬Сģϵģʱɾ鷳ˡҶЦ˵


670 СҰе
ѮĻϻشǣиֳʼʽĿ̸С
楶ԣ̸вһѡ
ϻǱ߶Ľһֱܴ󣬶ڸֲĵĸܴ󣬿϶Ҫ繺ģôиֳ϶Ҳеһѡ׳ڵĶǽСģĶ͸иֳѣҲʲô顣
ʵһ顣
СĻ϶Ҫһ󶩵ֶһЩġ
иֳԣôһûм价ڵӰ죬õֱҲҪһЩ
ֻôһʶڹڻһЩģڶ׷ײĿԤиֳѾ߳Σյڿʼ÷չ֮еĺܶתͺͷչ⡣
мڹڸķչ⣬ԼϰѵĸϿʼǶԷزгʵɰԴֲ̼Ľгѡ
Ϣ֮󣬸ظʱϲ⣬Ѱǹȥˡ
Ȼˣ˻ϲ˳ϢǰһϢʥιίκԣȷʵǵͷһһϢͼ۽иֳҵСҰжԣҲͬѩϼ˪
֮Уֻ쵽һֶԲߡ
ǵһҾư棬СҰлоһһԱ߶мŨױĨŮš
ֻ˵϶ûʲôϲɫɫأȻ¡
һε飬ЩϰеľƱһ٣üͷ˵ϻͻȻôһֶһ֮ڵ󶼽ˣͶʽӰܴڹвˣָֻǵԪʲôʱˡ
ԭȺύԱ棬кҪһжϣǿ˻ϻصӴֲҪһҵͶʽֳ㱾ҵôһµĸгܹһ֣бصĴ͸ȷʵǺܶ࣬¸ֳ֮󣬻ǴпΪġ
û뵽楴һӣڵĶȻ͸˺ӶʡиֳúԿ
Ҳ˵ʲô˼һϻؾͱȽ⣬ĺܶಿŶǱʵģȥι۵ʱ򣬶Ҫǰ룬˼Ƿ׼ܹС
˵ίڻϻصӰǱȽģں̶ܴϻҪ̻أ˵˰յȷ档
ԺȻȽϱȴҲûʲô߿ĵط˼ҵӪе˭Ҳ˵ʲô˴Խһ£Ҳδؾܹ˵λŮܡ
֪λܵıվλأܹ֮ܶô̯ӵģԲǵ֮һΪ¶ǵ˶Է鷳
鷳СҰкһȴһƬҡ
ںͶԤڶԣСҰǰһεˡ
СҰиֳĺĿ˺ΪһĿСҰƵĺֿʯصĲƷķ򣬶Ҳܹѳִ½һָݶԴ½ĸֲгӵһӰʥǱ߶ĿڰһķСҰڴ½Ͷʣȫ̻ˡ
̸нֻҪСҰʲôֵҪиֳĿӦѾˣ൱
ϧǣСҰܵ˾һߥޣΪ½˺۸ʡ쵼ǲûĹԾҪȡһϵеıֶΣвиֳò
иֳǸѡܵ˾һɳԱջԲŸô
ԭҲûʲôۿһıҪɹˡ
ڣҶֻǻӻ֣ͽ⣬ȴСҰкͺͷʹѣȴָе޼ƿʩ
ҪôأĿһᱻиԾģСҰѾеץˡ
ȻиԾĿԲ󣬵ǴӴ֮ԶľߺģȴǿԤϵģСҰȻԽֺһҪ̡
Ǿֻؿ̸ˡһɫҲܲÿҶͷ滹һȻǱ˴ͷ
ⱾСҰʢΪŵ˼룬û뵽ת֮ͷƱɫ˼޴⣬ձȶ˵СҰиһ٣Ŷϵ˿Ҳ챻ƿӸõġ
ʵԼҲúԩԼ뷨൱ִֻ֣е˲治ʲô顣
Ҳֻؿ̸ˡСҰһʹӣֻиֳѾɹҪռǵıˣȴϼˡ
ռǲʵ뷨ĿҪġòǣڵ˱仯ӿʼ÷չҪѹ۵뷨ǺЧˣԽȥԽûʤ㡣
Ϊ̳ϵ㣬һǴֻѡʥ̨չȷʵһܴİܱʣҶӰǰʲô鶼ᱻóȽһȻǺܲҵܡ
Ⲣ˵ͺܲʵҲǷǳѧģڹھ÷չҲйУԶԶʤһĹԱ
һϻߵʣڵ飬˰СҰгٽᣬźúõľ棬Լ׷Ī
ǵüȥĻһСҰ½гļƻͳˡ
Ӧ֣ô̸вõķʽ
Ҫ̸жֲԵ̫ӣ¶Ѱ졣
ͽ飬ɺӶʡĸ߲һ˳˵ϣ˫ɺĿԣҪһЩˣĻиֳδؾͻôϾһӾǮˡ
ֻѡͱȽͷǸ˳ǸǱȽϤϲǣ˳ԼҲЩ鷳Թ˲ϾδؾԸЩС
ʱСҰе£ָһܲõϢ˵иֳ棬ƺӢһָ߱ȽϸȤƻϻغ˹ȥ죬߸
ͱϵߣʲôôСҰеɫȻãǻǿеڡ
ô˵Ǻ˵ʣ̾ҡͷ񶨵߶ˣǻĶʰһ£ԴնԴգʮҲûʲôģҿӢ˵Ҫ۲ߣ¶϶ܳɵġ
СҰһ⻰ʱеˡ
Ѿ˴ľӰ˼ļƻھǾֲʱڹ۶ϣиֳѡӢˣôԼ߶ͶĿɾûʲôгˡ
òºӶ߶ĸгһƻǳʧҲûз֮ա
Уǵʲô취СҰ̾վȥѰ˼ӦƾԾȣ


671 ջѺЭ
Ļϻش֮ĵڶ죬Ӷʡ߶ͽӵ֪ͨ˵ջѺЭһ᳤ҪӶʡʣпܻһЩɽʧѧͯ޳
ջѺЭʮڣΪձǰɽ᳤Ϊձƽɽ³Ϊԣи᳤³ʮˡ
ЭҲʷõĶԻѺ֯ԳΪչѺҵ˴ĹΪָհ޽պƽѺԼ˻Ĺס
һιλ᳤ɽҲձңͬʱձڸҪְӰȽϴ󣬾˵һι޳֮⣬ͬʱҲһЩҵҴҪںӶʡѰͶĿ
ձ˼ǮĿǱȽϴˣʡ¶ӡ
ΪӶʡڵأֲĶս˵ǷǳѵõģʡΪҲһӶʡĺûᡣ
Ƕ߶ΪӶʡ׸ҲеҪӴίǽ󿭶ǳӣרٿ˳ίᣬ˷ǳƵĽӴ飬ҪŶԼ飬Ҫʲô
ҶҪЩ˼ǧҪʲôεĳ档֣صرʾһձ˲˾ͬʱҲһЩĿܹȡһЩʵĿǣвϰգкôġ
гľݿ˿ˣҲ̬ջѺЭЩһֱڹƶϵѺûҲӦǰ¹ȥһЩЩɲǵ˼룬ҪбҪĽҪԴܹΪһЩӰ쵽֡
ίǺг̬ˣôҲ׷
ʵӶʡ߶ȥսʱ򣬰·λӺ߶αɨصԵʱձ˵ĳͻҲңսҲпᣬںܶɽĴ棬α顣
ΪԨԴԺӶʡĺܶϰգձ˶ûʲôøУǲʲô飬Ҳⲻ˻һСӡ
ǵֿǵջѺЭĸ߲һӶʡʣһǴģίԴȻǷǳӣҲȽȫʱµʱ˲ӣŪôҵ϶ÿ
˵ҲȥˣЩȥˣͿԣϵĻڴҶûʲôôҲһСĸо
󿭵۾תһȦֻмίҶûзԣɵЩ죬Ҳе
˵ҶͱȽ󿭵ĶҲ꣬뵽ԼӶձ˵Ŀͺܼң󿭵治ɵЩ˵λҶǲʲô뷨ɣ
ǽ󿭾˵Ҷͬ־ʲô뷨Ҳ˵˵
Ǻǣûʲô뷨ҶЦЦ˵һιλջѺЭḱ᳤ɽܵͬ־ĽӼӦǺӰձҡ
ǰʡԴҲǳӡ󿭵ͷشɽҲһǺӶʡе⣬ձ˵ĵΪأʱ򣬲ܺû˲ֳ֣ʲôͲˡ
ţǷģұ˲ʲôΪҶƲƲ죬ȽرʾǶԷѺõҲƽЩСڵġ
һҪ伱̣ΪһС¶ϸߡ֪ôģ󿭾ǱȽϵҶɵֶ˼䡣
ĳίǶеʧЦ˵ǽеˣƽʱҲôҶ˵ģĵظ˺ü䣬һһЩδĸо
ע⵽ҶڿԼɵҲЦ
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ǵǲڡҶЦűʾȻеʱ򿴲ձˣһӴֵģҵĹҡ
ˣ׷Ц̸Щ顣
صίİ칫֮󣬸˳ܰҹˡ
Ҷǣģиֳ̰Ĳϡ˳ܰһܷŵģͦ񣬲аٶҳӡ
ˡҶͷһῴġ
˳ܰҲû뿪˵Ҷǣ˵ǸʲôջѺЭҪ
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ʵ˳ܰĸоҶҲеֹ
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СҰдʱʧݣҲֵĵط
ȻҶҲ뵽һ㣬ջѺЭСҰ취ģôôȻҲһĿģ޷ǾþֲѺ÷ΧûͬиֳĺʡҲãҲգ̫ƽ֮ǰ顣
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ҿֲô׷ôҶ˵ʱĿԣ治ɵðһôﶼܿ


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ˣˡҶڰֵǴո֣ҸеҪ̸Լɡ
˸򷢵˲徻һЩ
ǺǣڵСŮҶչղűŮֽĵ绰룬ɵҡҡͷ
Ҷǳߵﶼǽ㡣Ц˵
ˣҲټҶЦһǰίٰһ̨ϣҲ飬ֵͦ󣬸ȥˡ
ֽҶ뵽е飬ʱ¶ǿһϣһίίģνӡ̡
û뵽߶ҲƵ鷢ֻ˵ڴҵ˼붼ˣŮҲŵÿˣ֪ʲôӦΰס
ֻҶΪǺ¶ֻ˵Ĺ˼ˣҲǾ÷չĸãһ˼Ǯ룬ЦƶЦ潡
ôȻ飿楶ڵʱ飬Ǻɵ
ҶưɵʱһͨЩԾû뵽ЩӬӪ飬ٳȷʵܲ
ֶһ㶼ôָָСֽʵ
Ҷû˵ЦЦӿڴһһţȻͳϣ֮ôֽȼתȫȼգһŶҽ
ô˼СһİЦ˵
ֻģܱȼĺһЩҶش
ֵزʲôŮҲʲôŮӸ㲻֣Ϊ׷ŮֻǺܿյز֪δöѡ
Ϊ߹٣Ҳкܶڹעţ̫ⷽˣҲᱻ˿˲ϲʿɶֹ̫˾Ͳˡ
ԣʲô¶ˮԵ֮飬ҶһǾлģҪǵֵסˣҲֻܽݲؽȴܲˡ
˵úһЩĻΡ
˫ȷʵ˺ܶעĿ⣬ǿһıǣԼԶмίҶʱû˸ǰȥ衣
ôһλܣһҪԲλġ
һ֮ɽľþ˹
ҶС㣬Ǻáɽľ˸кһʽľʮȵľϹ
ҶӦһȴǻɣÿ춼ôȾϹĻ᲻׾͵ͻ
ջѺЭĳԱǷԸλɽɼҲؾ˹Ȼһѯʵ
ҶһۣûʲôԵɡ
Ͼ֮ǰѾίǽ󿭶ΣһҪձƽ͵ദҪйΪҲҪвòΪ
˼ҿͿҪͨôҶȻҲþǧ֮⣬ʡñץס˻˵ҶԴĿˣʹ˵ǰҲ鸡ĺܣĻӰ̫ˡ
Ǹ˽ҶС飬ǶҶԲİɽľֱӵرʾ
ҶһЩȣû뵽˵ôֱˬɴĺܣҲͷʾνҲ˽ɽãǶǺˡ
ɽľˣʱǰһû뵽λĹԱȻûʲôֺøЦôΪջеһӣйͬԵġ
ϣ˰ɡҶԴ˵ûбָ̫ͬɽľȽϸȤ
ɽľڵķչ״̬ʮ֮ͻΪձڸľӰĳԱ
δѵĽǶʱɽľ򽻵˴±Ƚ̵ӡ󣬶ڽջҲпγɱȽ̵Ӱ졣
Ҷųɽ˵仰ҲȤǳһƯãɽɼӡ
ˡֱԣƺҶҹͶСҰеӡ󲻼ѣɽľʵ
ǺǡҶЦЦûֱӻش𣬡⣬ɽñҸҺСҰֻǼ֮ԵɽãʶСҰˣӦúƷΪˡ
ɽľû뵽ҶƤƵôˬ죬ֱӾ͸ض˻ƫƫ˵ʲôĻ˵øСҰв죬ǲŽΥġ
ɽɼӼ粢ûȡ̸ȨɵЩԾԾԣͲС㣬ҶǺܺõѰɣ
Ǻǣôˣ極ȻһЦʵ
Ҷ˧ǹĸ߹٣Сһֱûн飬ǲΪҶԵʣɽɼӵЩͱˡ
⻰˵Ҷ極鶼Щˡ
Ҷͺ׷ַǳ˽˵⣬֮ȽУڹڣЩЩ²⣬Ҳôֱӵʹ
Ҷ룬ӲǼίǣֵõң
Ǻǣɼˡ楶ԴӦ磬ֻҵż׼Ƚϸ߶ѡ
Сż׼ʲôɽɼеƵ׷ʵҸҲǵأձͬкܶĽŮӡ
鲻飬ëĹϵ楿һۣҵż׼ʵҲܼ򵥣ֻһǾǣҵǮࡣ


676 ޷
Ҷһ極Ļʱˡ
û뵽Ųͬз񣬾Ȼɽɼôһش
ΪϻصĸˣҶĺʲߣµʲ˵ҲԪĹģͶձ͸۵ȵطزʽҲһ
һйͨԾӵɽľ򣬿϶֪ĻģĻҲӶʡĵһ죬һϳҶ楣˵Ҷ楣¹һ
Ҫ極Ǯ࣬ǿҪѺܴˣλи˹׵ıȶǴģҲʮԪʲģѣҴ඼޷ֵĹɷݣôܹᲢۣ
⻰֮ɽľɽɼãеȻ֮ŷӦֱòҽƻŮ˸ˡ
Ȼӱ極شǳһŮˣѡΨһ׼ȻǮǮ٣ⲻĻش
⻰Ǵ˵ģͲܸͨŮ˵ĻشһŶˡ
ʲܹ極ӣǹ̸ۼ޵ı׼ұȫ磬ҲҲܹڵЩʲӴԸͷ¶ˣҲͷˣʱܿ϶ֻ˵һ䣬̫ϵĲ迼ǵġ
Ȼ極һ򵥽ڣɵؾͶסκһҪͬˡ
Ȼˣɵȥ楣жǮĻ楿϶һ۶ȻشжǮ֪ʲôʸ̸Щ⣿
ȻһĮȻҶϵǿЦ⣬ɽľɽɼõɫܲÿ
ýǮ飬Ϊһ¡ɽɼӱϾʶ٣ôһش𣬾͸òˣֲԸʧڣֻƵССһ䣬ȴû֮ǰ֮ơ
̸ʲôż׼һֶ԰¡΢΢һЦֻëѾͷӦַҪö࣬İ飬Ѿˡ
ɽɼˣʲôطƺˣ極˵ûʲô󣬲ɵЩ٣Ƕ޸еŮˡ
Ҷ極Ļش𣬵Ƿǳģ֮䣬ͰѶԷĹƸˣɽɼӸеǳƣİֵ۳һ
ɽɼ˵ɽľûн飬ûлʲô⣬ƺһӾͰͬһϣ˵ҶҲǺܲ˵ġ
極ĻشͺˣһӾͰߵɽľ˦ʮǧ⣬ʶһ㣬ǾǰλܣɲͷϵʲôܲþƿżֵԪʲĳŮ
һʲô֯ջѺЭᣬҲСӹҼҵĹ߰ˣûиƽƽʸ
ɽɼܵĴ͸ˣһΪĸ磬˼ǰǿԺԲƵĴڣ¶ȷʵе˳裬Կ
ðɣΪջΪ꣬ǵĻҲӦֻͣڻϡҶεշͣǱ˾Ʊһ޿ɵ˵ΪˡΪʲôءŶΪջĴͳ꣬һ
ãΪջĴͳ꣬ɱһӣ˶˾Ʊеİѱ֮һŮСǳã˼һ¡
Ҷɺܺãôһԭվʧˣ½˶Իģʽ
Ҷɲôģ£ջ֮䣬ʲôͳꣿǴ̵ʱӶ࣬ʵܹ½Ҵ˺ģҲԳͬͬԴĵ
ȻֻǲܹȻ˵ģҶΪһԱ˵Ļûξ˵Ҳǲı֡
ҶӶʡ֮ǰ˵һ顣ɽľɫҹСҰͬеĸֳ֮ĺĿû̸ɣ
顣ҶػشСҰҪ̫ߣиֳ޷յ̸ѡ
ǿ̫źˣһιʵҲϣٽջ֮Ľ˼뷽ĽҲҵĽɽľرʾϣҿ԰æΪջҵ׳һЩ΢֮
Դұʾǳӭ͸лҶһ˵֪ɽʲôǣ
Ҷƺûʲôǧ̬֮ɽľͺܻؽ˵֮ǰоиֲֳַڿհףСҰŵǿܹٳ˫ĺôһ˫Ӯľ棬ΪˣԸһЩŬϣܹõҶ֧֡
ȻΪСҰвƨģҶаתȦͳЦرʾǺǣǺ¶˫ӮǱġɽûиʵֻǼίǣܾýģʴˡ
Ҷα̫ǫ飿ɽľҡͷҶǹڵӰܴܴûеõ֧֣Ŀ̸ɵġ
ðɣˣСҰŵҪҲ̫ˣǵĹ档Ҷܿ⣬ת˵Ҫ֪СҰ֮⣬ǻиѡ񣬱˵Ӣˣ¹ˣ˵ȵȣ˹˵ָұҲǷǳģЩǵĿ֮ССҰŵָûбֳҺ˵Լȥ֧ǡ
ҶȻҳϹиֳȷиѡ񣬵ҲҪǿһ㣬ҽüַָֺ棬ձĸõġɽľǳᶨرʾ
һ㣬ҲϡҶ˵ͷûв
ǿָǸøֵĹͬ׷󣬴ûֹͣ
Թ⺽ĸΪĸװҪܷɻ𽵵ľ޴Լȼˢըȼ˸ӵķۻҪܸߣǿȼͺȴһ㴬ṹ֡ĸ690MPaǿΪĸװø֣½зǿȼ785MPaHSLA115֣Ѿʼͺĸá
ΪǱǱͧ500-600mĽҪ󣬶յȹѲǿΪ900MPa1080MPaǿǱͧѹø֡
ƵHY80֡HY100֡HY130֡HSLA100ֵӦڽͧĸǿȵͺϽ֣ǿȴﵽ900MPaΪսʣԳڡ
ձNS110ǿѴﵽ1080MPa˹зABϵиǿﵽ1175MPa
ָ켼棬ձȷʵԶԶߵǰͷ
ⲢҶɽľΪСҰ˵ӷ֣һѪָ˺Ҫһ㣬ɽ˵ЩҶסиֳСҰ̸֮Уʲôϵأ˵Щָ֣õɣ
ɽľˣʱһ
Ҷ˵Ļûּ˼Ͳ߳ձðйܵΣգйˡ
ҶĻ޷ϡ


677 쵼أ
Ҷķһȷʵɽľһ޻˵
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֮ǰɽľ˵ģĿٽиֳָּ췽ߣеΥˣΪͲĻᡣ
ĵļͲ뿪ձ
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Ϊɽկ֮½оֽҲǷǳǿģֻҪóһƷͲòļҲǹʹϵġ
ɽľҲûз֮֮̾ì֮ܣҶ˵⣬ͬҲӢ¹߶˹ܸͬǺļ
ɽɼˣ̰кã˵粻Ǹ磬һӾҵĹؼ
ûκһһҵὫԼоļˡ
Ҫ֪Щҵ¢ϵıݣЩҾͿԼֲָƷĳһ߶ûּ¢ϣôҪȥͶгˡ
ʵϣСҰŵУͬиֳĺĿԲѩ̿ΪڵָհףϣͨӣڸҵƿصͶгӶںõʯԻȡĻر
½гǵУɱѣһˣǿʱɱġ
ϧܹһˣʵ̫٣Ҫôǵλ̫ͣ΢ᣬȵԱΪЩǸг֮Ǿͷеˡ
ΪʱԼ˵Ѿˣȫ˹ǵ¡
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ҶЩΪģΪһжƼ򵥣ڹȴŵ֡
ԭĻҪԭ򣬾ǹԱΪ׷ֶΣС˿ɳ֮
С˵ǷǳģڳڵʱԵװһҺ˵ı飬ȵʱ֮󣬲Ż¶צǸʱǵѳɣȷʵѶԸˡ
ɽľķҶҲûоú֣Ϊɽľ˵ĻʵҲʵһ£˿϶ǲЩмġ
һҶѾõһָ켼˾ͺܵȻضɽ˵ǵãܣϾкָܶ켼Ƕ˹Ǳ߶ģǵЩҽòּǶԸҪһЩ
˹ģɽľ֮󣬴Ϊ죬˿楣ֻһ̩Ȼ̬֮ȣ˿ʲô
ȻЩɣɽľ뵽Ӻ⴫鱨ʾϻȷʵкܶǸ߶ȱܵģͨ˸޷ӽⷽҶĻҲ˵
˹ָ켼Ⱦɽľ뵽ڻϻеźĸ֪ôţ뵽ĵһͷǼҶ˵Ļ٣ôǵõһǺĸװøֵм
Ϣʵ̫Ҫˣ
ɽľ𶯲Сô½ļôһǵľ÷չﵽҪ֮ԽĸڱУ½ʼԽĸôΪձս
УϢ뾡練عȥɽľڵЩֻ֪ԴףǷֲҷչȥĻձᱻѹûռ䣡
иֳǹߣҲδؾͲͬҹҵɽľȡһ£ϾüƣĿá
ܹȻǺܺõģҲڴ˫ƽȻĹӮĺҶͷĳЩϣȷʵֵѧϰơ
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ҶҲΪڹϣձҲֵùѧϰĵطǵľҵڵĹҪġ
ҶҲ¹ιʵʵӵǺأҲΪʲôͬ־ҪһҵƲҪԭһͥ棬ҶŬôԲжôƶһͥмֺлӲˣôŬҲ޷ıͥ
Ĺ󣬾ӣԱϸĸ
ĸһӣɽɼһתͶҶ˵Ҷһ֧ɣϢôãһ˾
˵֮ɽɼӾվߵҶĸǰһơ
Ҷˣɵһ㶣ʵǺϲ裬ձŮ˾еͱ˵ĸоϲĲˣҪܾ֮ǰ뵽һ⣬Ͼܾɽɼӵ룬ôϣƾ˸쵼С棬˵òˡ
ǵӰ⣬ǵԼڽǱ߶֤һεĽӴҶֻõ˵ͷǳˡ
ֻϣ˿ʲôǳ˵ı
ɽɼӴҶ֣صʱ򣬻ͷɽľһ۾
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С㣬֧𣿡ɽľЩڴʵ
ǸҴӲ衣Ȼ楷ǳɴؾܾˡ
ɽľû뵽ôֱӾ;ܾˣվЩѿһʱ֮˳Ĭ
ʱͻȻԱ߶߹һˣɽľƣֿ޶Եı飬ɵЩõ˵Сͬ־ô¶˼裬ңô̬ȣĸλģţ
˲Ǳˣʡ칫⸱Ρ
ղھƵſ˺ЩƣеѬѬȻʱֵ߶˼֧裬ͷŨҪջѺЭɽ᳤ϼ䣬һ¸顣
ϣ߹ʱ򣬾ͿôεһĻɵдŭ
ĸλŮôһ۶ûУ
ʡ涼æŽӴձˣŬǸܵ½Ѻãôܹôֵظ˼˦أ
ţĸλģ쵼أ⸱δ˸öʵ
⸱δʱſ極òɵЩƺٿôƯŮˣô˵أʡ
ôƯʵŮˣʵѵһû뵽иֳ߶ȻȾɫϲμŮȻܶ࣬˼ȥûбΪɫˡ
⸱βɵÿɽľһۣСӵ۹⵹ǲֲһ϶ûŲѶҲû³ȥ裬ԭء
ţ㻰أĸλģ⸱֮󣬼޶ԣɵЩŭ


678 
⸱νȵò٣еģҲе졣
ʡ칫߶ԱǸԱеʱʡ鳤ΰ칫ְĻǾǸʡˡ
칫߶ƽʱ黹ǱȽæģҲ²⸱ʡ鳤ã˵ҪһЩӭȽ϶࣬ҲΪ˰
ʡ칫ĴξҪȥˣ⸱νӰĺǱȽϸߵġ
⸱˳˳ˮҲ˺ֺܶ࣬˵ƣҵǱȽϸˣټ»ձˣ⸱ξеκĸо
ۿŮ˿ձҲˣȻĸ߹ٶ棬ǿ
ĸλģأôŸ˵𣿣⸱ΰߺĵģһĲ
ѹûдƤһۣ͵ͷȲ裬ƺ͵Ǹ͸Ķһ㡣
⸱ͷŭ𽻼ӣʱѪͷһ˹Ҫסһ
˭֪û߹ͱԱ߶һվŮӸסˣҲԷζͽ˳ȥ
⸱κȶ˾ƣ±Щȵôһƣŵŵŵص˼֮󣬾һƨ˵ϣˤ˸˲ġ
ܳ˭ң⸱βȻŭ۾һѵŮӣСе
ֻŮӴһɫװ̷ĺͨӵ˶Ѷӣȴһ־ʣһ֪λǡ
ڣ⸱εôһƾӰĴԣһʱ֮ҲûȷķӦƿڴ
֪˭ôôңֶţÿ⸱һִԼߵĿڴֻⷭһ߶߶µָŮ˵
ʲôʣҲ˼˵ԼǸɲŮЩмƲƲ졣
СһʶüͷȻ⸱κûʲôøУ治֪ӶʡôĸɲȻŹӴⲻǴ˼ҿЦ
⸱ֲ绰ΪƾӰ죬ҲпΪŭĹϵһ˺üΣûаԵ绰ԼҲˣΪʲôҪ绰Ҫ˭绰
⸱Σ
⸱Σôˣ
ʱ򣬾Ǳ߶ܹˣʡ칫ĹԱһθ⸱ιӴġ
ղǶͦĵģиֳ߶Ů಻˵ҲãҺмŮӵӱȽϴĥĥ䣬§§ģŪȽ˷ܡ
أͿǱ߶һȺˣ֪ʲô˰ǹȥһʱͼˣԭǵ⸱ڵأΧ˵Ļ˼˵⸱αһŮˡ
⻹˵ð
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ȥڵϵ⸱Σ˭֪ȴ⵽ľܾ
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ʲôˣ֪ʡ칫⸱𣿣һԱָͦǸ̷ŮʵиֳǸŵģ
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⸱֪ģһȶ˾ϲŮֶţҲӣѹ˼ŮᶯְƵ
˵ŮĵҲ湻ģһ⸱ηиֳǱסϾиֳܲǸҵɲ⸱˾ĸɲǲܱȵġ
Ҫ˵⸱ĺܸߣû׼һӾҪʡ칫ˣһȥǸ֣ݵλɾ̲ͬˡ
СѾͷϽǸ
쵼أ
ĶŮ˵һСʢ쵼ǰһ£ͳ˳ȥһҪסŮ졣
̷Ů۾溮âһҲʲôһץס˶ԷһһһˤͰ˳ȥ
ӴСӱˤ߻صģڵӣֻʣºߺߵ
Сôһ˿Ƕһû뵽ŮƢô𱬣ֻô
С鷳ˣ쵼Ա߶иֳ˵
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˭Ҳһ˶˿һۣ˵ѵԪף˵
極ļڶʱŭˡ
վ楸ڵУǹ
ôһ˾;еԾˣŮ˵ͷܴģһܹôౣڣһˮĶŮӣ
ֻЩˣûм楣ȻλҪиֳڶĴϰ壬ڻϻص楡
ˣˣʱ⸱ԱĲ£վȻ˸˶ţɵô󺰵ȥʡץˣ
嵽˸ǰָ˵ҲʲôˣȻҴңΰɣ
極ıͿ˳ˣ˳һƾ˹ȥ
ҲõôһЩ⸱εתһȦֵ˵ϣһˤñȽϺݣײ˵ذϣŪѪġ
⸱ξñеۣһʱͷŪѪܵģѪˣˣ
߶ڣɽľ򿴵ſڽ࣬Ҫһ£λʲôݵģתһ룬иֳĵ̶ϣʡ칫⸱˳ͻĻһŭ֮£뿪ǣôиֳͻϻ֮ĺ񲻾
͸һ㣬ɽľҲͲżˣɴվһ߶ֿ֡
˿ú⸱εĳ̬˾ñȽ϶ģɽľҲǹģϿƺһģǴ˹ȻҶ˵ձòࡣ
νձˣǿһ˿ǳòǱµȴ쳣һҲ顣
ȥҶô˵ʱ楻ô˵еˣʱһ£˿
ôˣ˭ľǧ֮ǳ


679 ˣ
Ϊ˵߶ʡ칫ĸɲˣԾñȽϿ졣
ȵǹͿ߶Ⱥ˶ţһʱ֮以á
˸еЩǣȺ˵УƵһȺŮģһƯһͿŮӣϣΧŮӷɢһǱڵĸɻ
е󡣡ӵľʱ;ýϵİӣӦ
ΪɾеʱȷʵȽΪѣܵصĸţеʱ쵼ֱӴкͱȽѰˡ
ҪǼԭĻ쵼棬ԼûʲôôҪȴվһ·Ҳò
еʱ򣬵ɾҪȵѲٵֻҪܴܳͿˣҪǸˡ
ǵĸоǳ治ӦŮ˿ȽϳȣȻŮڣʲô˲ܰڵóôĳýѾ˼Ҳܲ³һüĿˡ
ô¶ʲôأӵľʵղ˭ľվ˵˵¶
иֳվһ˵һ£ǿһ£ǼŮĺȽ֣һжͰһͬ־ˤȥˣ⸱ҲǱ˵ģ㿴һѪ
֮һǱ߶һϵ⸱ΣȻѪ滹ֽͷǿ׳죬Ѫ
⸱ĸɲʵܹôӵĸɲӦòǸСٶ
⸱ʡ칫Σͬձģ˭֪飬ȺŮĳֺ׺Ա߶һԱͼӴ׵˵
ʱ˼ƽϡ
ŮĿ϶ʲôǮ˼ҵŮ죬ôıڣȻʡ칫ĸΣĹԱȻҪȽصģһ˶ȹ٣ʲôĶҪˡ
˹Աǻ˵ðολʡĸ߹٣ĸɲ˵ϾҪˣ
Ȩһ£̾˾Ǽˣȥֽѯû¶˶ɢˣҪ¶
˭֪˵֮󣬼ŮģûһģɵΪ
˰ǣû˵ѵҪִɣʱŭˡ
ߣǺӶʡĴ֮ڴλ뿪վȴ˪֪ҲûбҪˣڵĶҿ˰ɣûǩҲʡô̸鷳
ôһ˵Χʱ;
ʲôģ˻ߣô׵飡űӵ⸱ˣʱǱ߶
񾯲쵽ˣʱ;õ׳˲٣һ˵ҪߣȻͲˣǱӲ㣬ƾͳಲžֱӶץˡ
Χ˴иֳģղźڵϹģʱƹⶼ˹˿վ極òɵôһ
ѽⲻǻλŮ𣿡
ǰôƯϳԷʱ򣬹ϼͻ˵ô꣬ƯŮܾһλˣġ
ˣ˼һ˿ôأ
˻ˣλǼίҶǷ˺ôģһˣû˲˵ǳӿɸô찡
ôһʡ칫ȺˣʱҲɫ
ϻصܣһԱЩսľԱ߶˽ǵôɣ
ңûˣһҲ벻ôŮڰԱ߶ɫҲܲر⸱κˣû¶ôƸﰡ϶ǿ˼ƯҪռˣˡ
νǺҲ¶Ūá
ʱԱѾǳˣʼԼİȫ
ʡίʡ棬Ϣͨĵطиֳ֮ǰ飬һ϶֪ˣҲ֪мίҶ棬˻ϻصܣиֳڵĶƽϢ¼ҳָиֳһλĻᡣ
ʡ쵼ǣ⼸Ҳڷ׷飬˵ʱʡȥһ˶иֳڴרŽ˻ġ
û뵽Ϊ⸱ε飬ҾȻλ˵еĴϰײˣ¶ôŪźأ
һڵĶ˷ϵˣ⸱ֱӾͱһ⵽ףؼұȥˣҲʲô飬ܱסְллأ
⸱ȷʵû򣬻վһֻűӣһָֻ߶ָʹ˵ˣȻϮʡ쵼ץҪǰε
ǸոҲΧ˵飬ȻҲû뵽ֵλŮȻʡǳӵĴͶ̣Ҫǵ汻ץñ˵ʲôԼֳȾͰľθ˺ˣҪ˵ίǰ쵼ǣҲŭɵسйޡ
иֳǸʲôе˶ۿžͳһĲһ֣Ҫһ£⸱ξȻ˼Ůܶ˻˼ⲻԼҲʹ
˵ֻһĸɲģԾýΪĵʱӰ쵽쵼ĲֺҲֻб³
ʱԱ߶һ˸˹ͷиֳĹϯͳơ
С㣿ͳһƣʱʵô¶
˸Ͻղŵ˵һ飬ҲϵλͶ̣Һûжֻ֣Ǹʡ칫⸱Σһĵӣ춼ˡ
ɢˣɢˣͳһʱҲͷˡ
ԭϾǸԾһյģҲûϻص̸Сһ£ڽ̸Уû뵽Ȼ飬Ҫ׷ϼ͵Ҳνһ¶ˣʹˡ
Ҫ֪ϻؿɲͬڹ˼˽һ죬Ǵϰ壬ԼҪʲô飬ȫҪ˵ɫ
ϼͣö˶ɵˣ֪ôǺãƫƫ⸱κȵģʱûзӦ˼ͳƣʱͽ㿴ǳЩǣʲôӣȻ˰ţ㿴ұǵ˴ãӣѪ˵˵¶ţô죿
ͳˣʱͷﻹ˵⸱εְλͼ𣬲ɵָƿڴӣǳˣûʲô֣ҪǳĶˣҷȫ˵ǼҶſȥ
ʲô⸱ζʱͱϼ͸ˣҲڶֻ֣㲻ףʲô˼һ㣬ǾϼɵòȻŭϼͣˣҲˣ
žһֱӾɿ⸱εϣַһΡ


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ֳ˶ʱһ˵ûмʶ˱ɣǿ˴˵λʱе⡣
ʲôô˰Ա߶ľ쿴ˣʱһ
ϵ飬͸
ǽһ֪νİӣȻǷֱľȻʡĸ߹٣ȵҪץ˵ʱȴ˼ҵͷʡ쵼ðͽִͶ̡
¶Ҫô㣬ǻûףǸùߵ⸱ξͱһ˸һɿˣⶼʲô¶
ľⲻ۵ӻ˵˸Ӹߴ󣬿ȥҲǶʮɵӣƢȴǺܳ壬һĸ߹٣һɫûУþǸеǳ
ϵˣͷͦģ˰죬ҲȡڰԷ
Ǿô˵һҲǿ϶εģǴ⼸ŮĿиֳľǣҪǰǵˣʡŭԼ
ôҲû뵽߶ƸոȶһðôһˣһƾͰ⸱θɿˡ
ңƺλ˻ֱ׳ⶼʲô鰡
Ҷǡ
Ҷˡ
˶ʱ׷׽Ե÷ǳȡ
ԴһνиֳȺ¼֮Ҷְ¶棬ΪиֳǣŪ˼ֵԪĴ󶩵Ҷͳǿĸɲ
ʱҶȻ˲ϸкʱҶһ࣬ȻǷǳŭһɨ⸱δЩʡ칫ĹԱǣҪɱһ㡣
ӵǸ컹Ҫһʲôͱ˸סˣλмίҶǣεһ͸ɵλ
һʱήˡ
ԭмίҶڵĸɲǣ˭û˵Ĵ
ֻû뵽ȻҲֲ߶
λҶǹȻ˵ģ˵λĿˣȻ١
Ϊ⸱ε飬ֵλŮܷǳջҪȡ̸еĺͬеľˡ
ϯͳҲסҶ˵ҶȰЩ۵ȥ˵
ϼһߺȣиֳ߶˵ǱȽϻһǿ׳СӾ˳˼һͰʡ칫߶˶ܳȥˡ
һͷԣȺˣûء
ƺҶҲûǵ˼Ҳߵôɡ
ʡ칫ĸΣ⸱ͻȻִӵȻеͷת򣬿ǻûݣ̲סֺһɤӡ
ۣҶһ䣬ȻԼ߶ĹԱԸ칫Ǳ߶ʡ鳤绰˸ߣ
ԱܿͲͨʡ鳤ĵ绰绰ݸҶ
鳤ãмίҶҶڵ绰н
Ҷͬ־ãôˣʲô飿ǵһνӵҶĵ绰ɵв졣
Ȼ˵˵ҶֱӵĽӴȴûйϵͻȻӵҶĵ绰滹ƶء
鳤ֲ߶ǰ칫ΣЩ顭Ҷڴ绰ҲЩӲţǺȶ˰ɣӰܲãţҪͶ̣ɸ˹߰ɣţá
Ҷ绰úмɣȻûֱӸ״Ǳ绰ȥʵһָ״̬ˣĻ˽ˣҲҪϼ
Ϊһӣ˿Цͬʱ˹ڵĴͶ̣пܻһԪĴ󶩵Ʋˡ
ķ鳤绰ҲЩΡ
Ȼ˵Ҷڵ绰вûֱᵽ⸱߶ƷãǴ̬ȷ棬ķԾˡ
ΣǱȽģҲõĴ㣬Ϊü۵͵ĿúֵӭĹɵòԭŹһӾҪģȴû뵽һΰȥӴȻ顣
µ绰֮ͱȽӦҲֲ֪Ǳ߶Ǹʲôһ£ǾԹȥˣһ˭⣿
סĵطиֳһӾ룬ʱѾǶʮ֮ˡ
һ߶ͷֳѾˣϡϡİʮˣаʮձˣвʮڽлϻصĿˣоʡ칫мίļԱ
иֳ߶ļҪ쵼ҲѶ˹ŰͶ̵ǱȽϽŵġ
Ҷǰһվһ̣ҲûеŻ
ո߽ͿѪڵϣһǸӣ֪ǻȶˣɵôüͷ
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㲻ҪҶɫҲܲÿǼȰοǸ⣬㲻ܱ֤ÿطô֣иֳ飬õģȻ˵߶մ˹⣬ǶǻϻǱ߶Ҳʡ˺ܶмã˫Ӯ飬ϣҪΪС£Ӱ֮ĺ
ǺӶʡָɲĻ滳Ƿܹ߶㣬ǻҵĽȥˡЩ˵
ܣ˵ҶһȨ̬
Ҷͬ־ô䣬;е
иֳ飬˵˵ģȻĻǶҶİҪǴʡίɽ֪ҶǳӣԭɽͬʱǼʡְģʡ߶ҲֱӶ𣬷֪Ҷɽǵϱ
ȻһǼһ£楣Ҷ䵱ء
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ѡϣҪеʶ˲εġ
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˵ȷʵôãձ飬ǱȽӵĹԳûóԺסǵƷʲôġ
ȻˣһλѾʡ칫ζԣЩʲôҪ飬鳤ôҪĹŸһ϶
ָʡ鳤ȥӴձˣȫͬǲܵ飬ΪջѺЭһúӶʡҴһľ飬ںӶʡǱȽϴģԷ鳤ĺһҪźýӴ
û뵽ϵֲ֮УȻֳôĺҲǾʹ˶ֹ
鳤ұ˸ˣ㿴Ѫˡȷʵ˲پƣڿ鳤ʱ򣬻еǰԲ
ԼıӣȾͨѪ÷ȥʾԼղųԿˡ
룬˵ʱ򱻴ˣôӦǹ˰ɣ
鳤ҪСеسŷ
۵Ķʱ˼ˣƽǳչˣʮֿãȴû뵽һʱģģ֮ôһУֱǰ칫İడ
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칫ļˣҷ̰鳤Ҫ󣬽Ȼϳֲ
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˶һƣ˵쵼⵽˻ˣ
Ƕ˰ѪܣҵϰҩֹѪ˵ģֺ
ǼɽǻؾƵꡣϾǸʡ쵼龭֮˰ɽľǸߡ
һȺձ￴ЦǾԲʲô¶
νҳ󲻿ϵ飬ȫǸˡ
ֻǷھǰɱˣҲ޲ֻȽвȣӰ죬ձ˸ͻȥ˵ڳԼúܶ
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С㣬Խ飬źܳϿҵض˵Ҳϣһҵ̬ȣǺӶʡСĵǷǳӭģиֳҲǺܺõĺ飬ֻһСϣܹȥ
ͣһ£ֱʾصˣǻСġ
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ˣҲû̫ķӦǵ˵ͷûж˵κһ仰
֮ͽҶһ߶̸
Ҷͬ־һε飬ҪæҶɢ˸̣ˣȻ֣ص˵С鲻ãҪ࿪ǧҪΪӰǺӶʡͶʻɥʧġ
飬ȷʵеȽϼ֡
ԭҲܼ򵥣ֲ߶רΪԽеǾٰᣬԭûаɽľձ˹
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ߵҶ϶ûΣҪʡ칫߶ûа飬Ͷ̣ӰʡĲְţиֳ
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ʶ˲һ뵽ͲɵЩҡͷźƫƫԼʡƼΪ칫εĺѡ֮ͷĳţڷ˵ǴΪɽǰ̧ͷ
Ҳ˲ôˣֻһһӰ죬鷳˵ֻҶˣΪҶϤ֮ӦôڱȽĹϵҲǧôһʴ󶩵иֳ
Ϊ뵽⣬ˣԷҶǰ̬ͷŵúܵ͡
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Ҷһ˵ĻǸо˵̬ȱȽϳϿңҲ˵˻ǱȽʵģǾ͵˵ͷ鳤ģһᾡӰģȡʶܵӰ졣
òˡ˵ͷһˣȥ飬Ҫɽͬ־㱨һ¹̣ܲСί߶Ҳ
Ҷ֮󣬲ת˻
ǰûиڴҲûʲôֱ۵ӡ󣬲ӽıλʡ鳤ǲģ֪ˣػñȽ׼ȷǸٳϵ
˵õĻһĿҲǴڵģھʡϡ
Ҷ˼ҲǱȽϸˣÿһأȹ۲һµصĸɲ鵱УǷֵýֵ÷ֵصһΪҶϵķչһҲǴΪѡһЩܹµĸɲ
ϾҲϣԼ˵طϣֻǻӰô򵥡
飬ҲҶҪģߵ極ǰ¹˵ܣڽ飬źϣӰ쵽ǵĺƻ
Ҷǣء極ǸϵļãһػشǴһɻؽС
ݼһ
極ı飬Ҷ治ɵʢ޵


682 Ļ
иֳ߶ˣһļȡ
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һ¶û䣬иֳӿɾѹˣܷġ
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ֻǰϣҶˣϾʱʹգҶվҲܺÿ
˵˵ȥǸ⸱ȴҪиְֳǸɱ
ϼͣ˵¶զ죿Ѿиֳܵʯǵ飬ЩƵ򹤻ϯͳ̵
ðģͿҶܸܲ㶨λСˡͳƵ۾ҶǱ߶ҡҡͷ
ǳӵ˵ǲãòҶǸϵôһȴҪС˵УһǲİʯЩŭȭͷԵľͷϣ˵ȭͷȻЩʹȴʹ
ЩиֳгɳĸɲֳǵļһŷֱΣգҵȻ쳣ѹ
ʯҲ̫żҶǲ᲻ġͳưο֪ϵѹ󣬵ǳӱֱЩòӣѷһεĴ󶩵˴ҵģͿˡҶǰǰţΪǳܹа߰ʮͲһˣ׷ġ
Ҳû취飬ǸϻصֲϤʱȥֻǻͣҲֻҶ˳㶨ˡʯ̾˿
ͳĥһ£Ͷʯ˵ôĥţһε飬Сеأ
ţʯ˶ʱһ㶣ϼ˵⻰ʲô˼
֪ͳΪʲôձ˸ˣȻú֣Ҳͻأ
Ȼ˵СҰŵ˻ס߶ûлع֮ǰ̸ѾˣʱҲʰװعˣڽӵ˻ϻصڴ󶩵֮ʯ;øձ˵̸лѾûбҪ
ЩˣӦö뿪˰ɣ
ʯҿ˵СҰЩֻܹݵİϷҪѹǵ̸г룬ֻǱҶŪĶһֲˡͳƷǿڵջѺЭʲôĵƺʱյú
˼˵СҰǹĵģʯ˵֮ԼҲеš
ջѺЭ֯ǰȻûôںӶʡӰǺܴģڵĽҲʮˣӦòСҰоܹٿصģǵĵֻһɺ϶ѡ
һͶʡγ˺صӰ졣ͳƷʵһγ¶ҲΪʡ칫˸ձһ裬ԲŸϻص˳ͻǵܴΪôãǰ߻õһı˵󶩵Ļ˵СҰĲţ᲻ɱһǹأ
⡭ʯһͳƵķʱеסˡ
æͷתȴûĲȥ˼ʱϼôһƺֿԣ뵽СҰΪиֳĶиֳҾ棬ڻˮ飬ô붯ջѺЭʼʩӦҲʲôܵ顣
ͷѵĻԶܸ߹ЩСǵĵµߡ
ʯϸһ룬ǻϻصĴ󶩵ķˣôСҰҪ̸УǳиֳʵҪǳʡڽеջѺ÷ΧǶûɾܾġ
ôһиֳȨϾɥʧˣҲûѡأֻСҰŻķΧϸ⡣
ϼͣʵ̫ˡʯһͷ亹¶ӦøϽҶ˵˵ʲô뷨
ͳҡҡͷô˵Щǲ׽Ӱ飬û֤ݣôҶǽǼίǣǺɵģû֤ݾվסš˵һҶҲͨˣܹ뵽⣬治᲻ġ
ŪáʯʱҲǷǳͷۡ
ԭһܺõȻֳôľףҪҲֻܹǸ⸱Σû¶ձܣǳô¨
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ǺǣҲеЩ֣ǸεľƷǲáɽľƺܲĵطͻʵ̫ʧˡ
ΪʲôһøУɽɼʵ
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˵ף⸱ʧҪǲ֪極ݣ쵼ŮӣˣҲôĳͻ档
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еʱԹҲǲѡ񡣡ɽľ˵磬ϤҪǶ࿴Ҫ˵
ɽɼȻøĻЩܾʲôطЩԾ
뵽СҰжڸɽɼӾͻ뵽飬ǸΪֹ֮ɡ
һʶ洵ôСҰе飬ͳһûʲôѡ£иֳҲֻ¸СҰ̸ˡ
ãҶȥ裬оΣɽľȻѯʵ
ɽɼ˼⣬ͻȻ˸Ļɵһ£Ȼ˳˵ͦõİò
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棬ֻһ棬ô֪أɽɼƲƲλɣʲôëǸоЦе١
ɽľʱЦǴ½ĹԱȷʵαװ
ɽľЩп˵ʵĹԱαװǹڵЩǣҲһαƵ£ﲻ֪öôأÿһڸ󿪻ᣬǻӳֻЬӣ÷Ѻͳʲôģ֮ԴǹǺݶ׶񡣡
ȷʵ˲𣬸ȷҪ̳𣿡ɽɼʵ
ȻҪŬıһСɽľŵػش
ġɽɼЦ
ɽɼ뵽ҶʱҲһֵֺĸо˵ĵĸ߼Ա϶ǰͷˣΪʲôҶôᣬܹΪǵгһĸ߹أ
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683 Ҷǵı
ôֳ飿ɽǽӵʡ鳤ĵ绰ɵЩȻ
Ҷǣ߶ҵ˻ϻص楣иֳһʼֵԪĳ󶩵¶ɽ֪ģҲеȽϸˡ
иֳ⣬ҲɽҪһ飬һβȺ¼Ҳ˾ӡ
Ҷ⣬ɽȴһ׮¡
˭⻹û̸׾ĺֳͬ˲ӣɽǸе޳
Բǡʡ鳤Щѡ˲û뵽˶è򣬾Ȼóԣ㻵˳棬εġ
ƽʱͦϵôŪɽüͷ
ʡ칫ĸɽǶҲЩӡǰʡʱǰܺ󶼲ٰòû뵽ھȻͱ¨ӣôҶʱ˷ǳľ棬¶ȷʵô
ϻ˽󣬶Ǹк˽󣬲һܹ˵öģʡί֮Ҫ楹ͨһ£Ҳôס
˵ף˼楻ǿҶӣ˵ҶҵӣӶʡģĿҲһҶġ
Ӷʡ߶дܣ˼ŮܵѾͷ˼極̹һⶩɾҪˡ
Ⱥձˣȵеˣƽʱûӹġش
ΪҲǷǳ黹ǵý˲УӰ쵽иֳĸˣǷŲµġ
飬ǵҶͬ־ȥźáɽ˼ڻǾҶ顣
ʵҲܼ򵥣¶ҶģҲҶģȻ˵ΪӶʡ߶ĸɲ⣬Ӱܵ飬Ϊ˴룬ҶǵͦӭѶϣܸˣƲöˡ
˷ĵ绰ɽǾͿ¶ȥӦźãǲһͲ˸绰ȥ
ʱҶ齵ǴƵ׷棬˵
Ϊл˵ӶʡĶдƵ꣬ǴƵķ񵵴ǱȽϸߵģʩҲӦоУǰͶʹõĴãʹǷŵȥҲʲôġ
楸ոϴ裬ڰŪͷ
ҶбڴϣߵЬӣ˱ƣżһڡ
ΪʲôһҪҳûأһ߶ͷһ߶ЩҶʡˣӵҲʡˣƽձһ߶֣˼𣿡
Ȼ˼ˣһǸɫԵģ㵱СѾͷʲô˭ϻô˵ڵģģר򲻳۵ġҶʱ¶ȻЩԡ
˼һıףǺţ˵еꡣ˵
һͲզأ˵˼ƻ£ҲΪˣĻλˣٲҪ˼СǡҶ˵
ᵽ¶楾˵ʱҿúɽľҪһìܵģܿ뵽ʲôͶ㵽һ߶ȥˡ
ǺȻġҶȻձ˶ԣƻǸʡĹϵûиֳĶСҰſɾ˽Ļᡣ˵ˣһߣʡҲûȥˣ쵼ģҪӵġ
ձ⣬ȷʵҪ೤۶Щп˵
ǰûиձ˴ֻ󲿷ʱ䶼кͻϿ׬ձ˵Ǯ˵ԲϵͲܶˣ˵ˣͳȫֵˣ幤ȥٰ죬ȻҲûʲôֱӽӴĻᡣ
ɽľˣձΪһǿûеġҶ͵ûʲôǸ˸ӰƵĻֻ˵ǿЦˡ
úȽϸȤ楺Ȼ˵
Ҷһۣͼܵ۾еŲζȻе׾ǾͻشñԶˣֵͣϸ裬Ҿʣˡ
ҶĸͷҪһװˣɽɼһǷȻЩ
˵ҶҲе뷨ɽɼӵ廹ǱȽģȥģǳ֣ŮüزϲȥҲҶĻ
ҶǻɣŮǲԭװģ
˵ձʮϵԭװҵˣǳƯһģͬʱһȽϸڵͦĸߣҶɻɽɼͱӣһɶɽľ
Ȼֲ룬Ͳ˼˵ˣʡ˵ӵ߰㡣
飬ƺ󣿡ʵ
Ϸ飬楲ûдô󣬱ϾǸ⸱ҲûΣԴǲѣ極ӣ㲻ʲô¶
ǵʱҶûڵһʱһ˸Ϣ楽ⷢӣҪȡ楾е֣Ϊʲôԭ
ʵ鷢֮ͻȻи뷨ҶֱԺ˼һº˵ձǣֺγǣСҰҪⲻʲô¶Ҫһӣ޷ǾΪҪû٣ѹ̫ѡΪȰѻó̸УһȽϺʵĺҪȰϰԪͶʸߣҪõöࣿ
ôҲ˼ˡ֮󣬲ɵЩп
˵º뵽ģǵҲϡ棬ܶ˶ܹõڵʱôŵĻУô̵ʱҶܹĲ֣Ҫձ֣ͺѰ쵽ˡ
Ҳôһ뷨ÿᡣҶЦ
ţҶֻ
ҶùһɽǴģɵЦЦɣⲻ𣿡
绰֮󣬾ЦʵǺãʲôָʾ
СӣǲڱʲôأɽˣʱЦҪǸոҸƽͬ־ͨ˵绰֪ܵĹϵһء
ҶˣʱͿЦ
û뵽Ϊ飬ɽǾȻרŸҶƽȥ˵绰ȥ顣
óɽǶиֳĹģȷʵ˵˵ѡ
㵽ʲô㣿˵һ˵¡ɽʵ
ǣʵ飬ȷʵҪͨһ£ôġҶضɽ˵
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684 ӦѸ
ʲôĶȡˣϢСҰмֱҪЦ
Դгľиְֳϣ˻ϻ¸иֳڵĴ󶩵֮СҰеӾͼù
⼸棬ҪԼҵ˰²ͬʱҲҪŹڲŵľ޴ѹ
СҰĿѹͬʱͨɽľŪջѺЭӶΪһ¿չ̸еĴ򣬹Ѿ»ˡ
ֻǰԭȵļƻܹջѺЭӰʡһЩãҲ޵úܣҪܶŬ̸ܹС
Ͼ֮ǰСҰ飬̫˺ˡ
ѡøתʡ浣θջѡҲиֳһΣʱùֵ˴ϣͼˡ
Ӱ죬ǶиֳͬʱʡҲܻĸо
쵼ˣͻɽͬ־ںӶʡƿغܲ⡣
ΪСҰĿɽľϣͨջѺЭԺӶʡķʣӰ죬СҰҶиֳ͸һ
ڲͬˡ
ȻǻĴ󶩵ûˣôиֳ˾ӪΣ֮УСҰŶǵ壬»ص˷ǳҪĳ̶ȡ
СҰܺðһһֱ֮СҰУʱȻЦɵЩʵ
ϾиֳĶȡˣǵĿӣѾͷˣСҰϵơƿЦ˵
ôĺϢһҲù
ݸСҰǲܱȵģΪСҰļ̳֮һСҰоǲܻö»ϿɣȴҲǲż̳֮һɷٲ˵ġ
һͲͬˣ»Ϊһε¼ΣôͲûݶ׵Ĺһӻǳߡ
ҺãڲٳΪѹһݡ
СҰʲô飿һ׷ʲôʹиֳѾҪֵĴ󶩵ַˣ
иֳٰһᣬҪԻϻص˱ʾлģȴû뵽ʯͷԼĽţλŮܱʡһԱŭˣһ֮¾˳ľռؽȥСҰнһһ£ȻͶ˵иֳǵͶʣ϶ϲ⣬ԣҪץȥ죬жٻĻܻɥʧᡣ
ΪʲôҪŰ죿һʾԼĲͬϻز֧иֳôǵĴǳҲ᲻ȶȫѹ̸еĳ룬ø档
СҰƳһۣվҵôȻ޿ɺǵġҸ׶˵һε⣬ԶֵΪҪʱǳԵҲνҪǣһҪĿ̸ˣģҪ
νһǵһǣСҰоһε֮ǵõ˽ѵֱСҰĿһ٣ʱҲеɳĸо֪ˡ
ԭΪСҰŵҪڴ½ͶʣǺ׵飬ﶼǺԭʼĺгǾ˼飬ǱҶ˿ûл֮СҰоͿʼ̵طʡԼΪԼĳЩ棬ȷʵñȽϲ
ˣСҰ쿪ʼҾȫ顣һͷ
գջѺЭţʡίʡйزŹԱͬ£ʼԺӶʡļصзʿ졣
ǷֳС飬ÿԼʮңʣµǣϵĳм˽⣬ͬʱҲѡһЩҵͶʡ
ΪջѺЭĸ᳤ձ̳ӰˣɽľҲܵʡίɽǵԽӼ
ͬܵӼģɽɼӵԱ
ɽʢջѺЭԳΪջϵĸŬԼó𵽵ҪãΪӦǰϧƽ棬ͬ
ɽľʾȫͬɽǵĹ۵㣬ΪǵķңշзгҲǳȤԸΪзгףͬʱҲʾһοܻһЩ̽ͶǵһЩҵ
ΪһеĳУǻӭͶ̡ɽǱʾֻҪǷҪҹɣžӪˣǶǷǳӭġ
ɽľͷ˵һ㣬ǺĵģչеĻģгܴǱҲܴϣܹ뵽ʢС
ɽľֱʾ˵СҰǵͶЩ˳м䷢һЩᣬԴҷǳź˽⵽СҰֲַ棬ȷʵЩȽģͬиֳ˫Ӯľ档
ǵ飬˵һЩɽǶʱüͷĳЩҵУ˲ֶΣԴź
Ѿʶ˴ҲԸΪһЩı䣬ԸΪӶƶɽ轨ʮȫѧԱǸ⡣ɽľ̻ش
ĻҲǲ̸һ̸ɽ̬֮ȲǺܻǿڷɶһЩ
ɽһϣ˵һ䣬˵ʡڳｨٹ·ⷽҲһЩģ֯һרŶӣʡѡַ;ṩһЩİ
ɽ֮󣬵˵ͷбҪĻһῼǵġ
ʵϣӶʡ޽ٹ·ȻͷһأʲôȻȱģձⷽߵǰͷܹõǵһЩʲôģȻǺܺõġ
ɽͬʱ뵽һЩ⣬ԲûֱӴӦ
֮ܶ˫СʱĻ棬ͦɹģýߵžžžͣҲһֱڹţŵϣʡĿУͻʡίɽǣлջѺЭḱ᳤ɽľһеš
߶Ļ̸ݣܿʹҶĶ棬ɽǵֱӸҶ͹ġ
ǵĶͦġҶ˿󣬾͵ͷ˵
ҵߣǲأ楿ҶʵϻǱ߶Ͼкܶ๤أ뿪̫Ҳá
żҲ⼸ˡҶȵ߶СҰźиֳ鳾䶨ǿӦҵ󣬲ȻͿԻؽȥˡ
ձˣעҪŪڹ֮ϵģϧԼȴ֪楲ɵ̾˿
ʵÿҶЩֶԼҲЩ棬֪ô֮ʣܹͨһܲ۵㣬ͰһШӸȥȻ϶ŪմԼĿġ
ֶΣȷʵ˵ǺɵģΪǳͺ˶һ˴档
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685 ˳ȥ
СҰеٶȹȻܿ죬ɽǽӼջѺЭ֮󣬴̸еķСҰŵĴڵõʡͬиֳʼһ̸ֵС
һΣϴζԣСҰŵ˼£˺ܶ࣬Ҳǵ̵̫Ļ̸ѣĻûʲôĻˡ
ı仯Ȼúܶ಻˸е
Ϊʲô֮ǰ̸õĴ󶩵ˣΪʲôв뿪СҰ̸ˣΪʲôʡСҰ֮ǰиֳ¶ΪԶˣΪʲôϻصܻǴƵû뿪
֣ǣ˵ҡ
شԭһڿűȽϳٶ۵ĺӶʡҲΪһķ籩Щ궯ҶҪƴؿƣϧǻɬġ
ˣˡ˳ǸѵϾʱ䣬صнԺ
ʱѾµףԺһúޣˣԶܹᵽһִϢ
Ҳǹ˳ǵϰߣÿ굽ʱҪнԺסһӵġ
˵̤࣬ǸʡǵĽ⣬治˵ʮ԰
˳ǵϰ˳һѱ͹Ұˣʣ˵Ǹմӵժģࡣ
ΪӾһˣ˳ûǹȥֿӵģҲ˵˼ֻ˵ܹʰܶ䣬뵽һЩʧ˵˺¡
̫㣬˳Լȣеľʵĸо
Ҳëˣǵõʱ򣬻ˮɻëõʱУÿʱڣ͸ܡ
ǸʱƺҲûʲô뷨ֻһ˼ĸɻѡڣȨҲˣǮҲˣȴǰ顣˳ǶԱ߶ɹ̫˵
Աߵ˴ͣ׺˼룬һУ̫ˣ˼˰ɡ
Ϻö࣬Ǻǰ;ġ˳ǿһԱ߶ĺʡЦЦ
ĺ˵棬ҶıʡҡҡͷĸҼ˵ӣǺӦù
λĹϵͬһ㣬Ȼ࣬ںӶʡĸ߼ɲУ˵ͬţһе˼
˳뿪Ļô̳²ˣ϶Ǻʡɡ
ΪܹҵϵͳĺʡȻںӶʡԴʡҪ˽ö࣬ҲӶʡ֢
ǣձ־¿ʼи̸ֳˡʡԹ˳˵ΪϻصĶҪȡˡ
˳ˣҡҡͷ˽ǿס˵ʲôţ˵˵飬ƫƫֱˣ˵ʲôأ
Ϊϸû̸ףʱûǩͬûаֵֽı֤˼ҵȻʱϡʡش
˽һŵǧڵġ˳ҡҡͷԼҲЩЦǺǣôˣǵҡͷˡ
ʡЦЦȴЩпȷʵˣһζΪԡ
Ϊӹ˱飬˳˼أνǷѾĻҪҶһߵ£ȷʵܴ죬ǰиֳ¶ʱҶҪˣȴû뵽ɱһ
׳Ĵ󶩵иֳˣҶҲΪȺ¼Բ˶ߣϧıձ飬װҶиֳģʡ쵼ǵ˼ӷ֡
ԴǸʱ𣬹˳ƺһӣҲû۶ʤ֮ġ
ϾҪˣȥĴ㡣˳ǺȻԺʡ˵һ䡣
ʲô㲻ڿЦɣȻʡ˹˳ǵĻ󣬾ͳһиնĲ豭˳ȥ
ֻǺʡ˿˳ϵĵ飬ȷһʱ˵ĻҲʧķˣŽŽɵʵΪʲôأ
ʵԹ˳ڵͣȻߵĿǲˣظ⣬ǲģȴ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˼֮ģ
˵ֻͻȻû˶־˳ԼͷЩȻػشǿҶСͷ֮ͻȻԼ˰ɣҲ֪ģһ뷨֮󣬾ϵøˣҲ˯̤ʵġ
ʡ֮ȴܹᵽ˳ǵ飬ȴһ
֮˳ǣ¾֮ʡ뵽ʡȻЩĸоҲǺ
ǣ̬ǲеģʡܿͷӦˣǺӶɵʱȥǱϵɾûͷˡҲ֪ģһû˺ھɺɵĴѹ£Ҫֱˡʱ߲ð
Σ˳Ǵʱ̬Ǻƽ˰ֵʱͬˣܱ紵ȥ˵ˣңЩطϵȻûʲôõĿǵУǾǱĴ
ʡˣʱĬ
˳˵ĻȷûѹطϵǴ
˼ŵģҪȨ
ڶʮǰʮǰʡίǻʡķ⽮ǸȨȷʵǺصģ˵䲻ĻеʱҪһߣܹõ
ǵڣͲˣΥһ£Ҫָץס˰ѱˣԵطϵѾ߽ͬڲǹӲдѡ
ӶʡɽǣȻҲǺӶˣʵһֱٵģ㲻ĺӶϵԱΪȨֻ߽ӶıʹӶʡܹϵͳȥ
ʼղʲô¶Ǹĸ￪ŵУΪڱصĵطȻҲҪĶ
ܲҵǣ˳Ǻͺʡķ֮е
Ѿûлͷ·ˣҲˣֵ׳꣬л߳ȥ˳ǿ˿Ա߶ľȻĺʡ˵һĻ߳ȥзչĿܣҪԼ˻ᣬԺ׷Ī
ʡ˹˳ǵĻɵ˼
˳վĺʡļȻ֣һǱ߶˹ȥ
߳ȥʡ̧ͷŹ˳ǵıӰȴǲ׽һ˿˵ãԼҲֻһ·ܹҵĹٳУȥ
Ȼ˳ǿ϶˵Ļ֤˳ȷʵѾû֮ġ
˱飬Ѿù˳͸ԽʶĴѹѾ޷ʱ򣬹˳Ǵ󳹴ˣ䱻ʶһԼȨ߻ܹһȽϺõ³ڱ˷㣬ڲ
Ȼˣǵ˳ֵλһǿô͸ܹ׷Ȩľأ
ϧ˹ǡʡŹ˳ǵıӰɵ̾˿
˳˵ҲԣʡԼǵѰҳ·ˣںӶûк³


686 һ
˳ҪǰȥˣҶõϢʱȻЩġ
ϢҶƽ绰ģϾ˳ΪӶʡίĸǣ˵λȨأȥⶼҪ۵ģεһЩĸɲǣ޴ӵ֪顣
ҲҶӶʡΪ˼ʥλãʵҶ˺ӶʡһŶӣʱڷӳҪãͬʱŴѹط
˵Ļ˳ҪȥϢҲĶ档
ţε뷨Ƚϼ򵥣ֻҪܹ˳ȥˣʲôƽϡҶƽԶ˵Ŀǰ룬Ĵ󲿷ͬ־ǵͷ˵ġ
ӰҶĥһ£ԼĲƺһӶ˿մ
ԭȻ׼˺ü͵ģ˭֪˼ҲˣҶٵÿģЩʲô
ǰƣȶѹһУǱ߶ûбҪԹ˳ǣٸʲôˡҶƽҶ˵ܹԼ֣ȶӶʡĴ֣˹׵ġ
ҶͷҲҶƽ˵е
ν֮棬Թ˳ںӶʡӪԣǷǳӴ󣬶̸ڵģҪûһʱ䣬Ҳһͷ
˳ܹȨͬ־պøĹ̬ǱȽ϶ģΪϲ쵼ͬ־⣬Ȼù˳ǱȽȥٸʲô鷳
ûᵽӵ飿ҶͻȻʵ
Ҷţ˳ѡ񣬺̶ܴΪӹ˱飬Ͼ˱иֳİӵУкǣ
ܹ˱ʱѾȥ˰ĴǣȴҶ˸ȫ̼ˣҪҲʹøСֶζѡ
ңΪҶǱ߶֣˳Ǹ˱֮ϵʵѾж˺óʱˡ
ع˳;⣬ֻǵòȷʵϢ޷ȷ϶ѡ
ǵûУûκҪ󡣡Ҷƽش
ô˵ĻѵͨˣҶҲЩ죬û뵽˳һӾͱø߷ˡ
˵һȽʵڵĻ˳ĸ翹ĻҶҪҲôףҲеźܴķգпܾһ֣֮ʱǽ˳ǸԼҲֲʲôôȥĿܾǵӶ
ӶҲʲôܽܵĽΪһζб۵ĹԱȥﶼ˻ӭģҶһӰ죬ĿǰȶΪ£ĸɲȻġ
ûа취ĻҶҲԸôһ鷳
˵ˣ˳Ƕ϶ҲԼĳֵЩֵУһǹ˳һϵĸɲǶĵӡ
ںˣ˳Ҫȥûʲô˲˵Ҷϵѹʱһ
˵Ҫʰһ߶Σһʲô飬ǾͶСˣҶе֡
ˣȻ˳ôϵҲͲˡҶԸҶƽ˵
ţȷӶʡľȶɡҶƽ˵ձǱ߶þգҲҪƵ̫ݡ
Ǻǣ¶һעճ߶ȵġҶͷЦ
һһ֣һһɡһժһǮֻڻǰߡոգ仨긴ꡣԸƼ䣬ԸϹǰ£յ֦ʿԵ߱ʿһƽһ졣Ʊȳ˺µµҺСЦ̫񲣬Ц˿Ĺ޻޾Ƴ
ҶҲû뵽˳ǻʡί˸ǵİ칫ңн԰֮С
ľǣͿ˳Ǳ԰滹Ʋסһ龰ȷʵҶеЩ㵡
ԭ뵱У˳Ǹ֮Ʊػһսʯ쾪һս˵бȻҲһȥΪʤߵĵʯ
ôҲûвµ˳ͻȻƺ쳾ˣͻȻ˵ҲˣҪȫˣʲôˣ
ǿ˳԰֮УһԼʱҶ;仯̫ˣʵ˳Ƿֶɵ˼˵̫ǲ׽ˣĸϷô׶
Ǻ˰ҶЦ˵
԰ǳףżƺܹõҶȻҲ󣬵ȴܹù˳
Ҷͬ־õǺܿ졣˳תҶ˻֡
ߵһ£߶֯ΣȲ裬ཹཱུðˮѾպˡ
Ҷϲ־ͰŪܿͳ˲裬˳ǵݹȥһ
ʵӣڹٳˣеʱ̫࣬Լıġ˳Ǻ˿ڲ裬Щп˵
ҶԼҲһڣҶֻһ㣬ǱϵĴڲҶǿһȫǹ˳ּ˺ȵġ
ӹ˱ݳ˳ǵӾ͹ˡ
Ϊ˳ԼʲôҶָͷŲ豭ڣһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôΪãѵҪͣ߷
ҶȽϾʱ򣬹˳Ǿ˵ˣող֪Ҷͬ־ĸ׾Ȼƽͬ־ҾЩ⣬ϸһ£֮С
⻰ʲô˼Ҷʵ
ˣûʲôףҲܵõɽͬ־Ĵ֧֣ôᡣ˳ǿҶһۣȻ˵ҶҵıȻͲҪӰ˵飬ŵĹˡ
ҳϣеʱ򣬼ȷʵҪڹٳСҶ˵ͷûзһ㡣
ʵϾˣӵܣױͨ˸׻øԴ˵ԴԴ鱨ԴȵȣЩǽ˹ȨıĳЩҲ񣬹˳Ƕĵûʲô
ǵľҸеЩ⡣ҶԵΪҪѧϰĶ˭֪ǲˡ
Ǻǣˣ治һˡ˳ҶЩ̻ĻûʲôӦֻЦ˵һˣһҲ͸ùˡ԰Ȼкܶ˶һûбҪ԰߾ߣ
㵹ÿҶֹһ䣬Ȼ˵Ҷһ˱ûʲôֻ԰̫̫࣬ݬ룬е˳ӣе︯ˣʰһ²УҾΪѵ԰ˡ
˼Ҳ˵úҶ˳ǱûʲôЩĹԱǣǷ飬ίȻԴҪʶԼĴ󣬲Ϊ˳еεġ
ﾺ档˳ǿҶ˵һˣ԰Ǳ˵ˣôڣǺ˵飬Ҷ˵Բԣ
˱ʹڰĴǺˣǵطʺԡҶڱ̬
Ȼ˼ҹǶôгˣ¶ˣôҶҲԸô򣬺ο˱ϵ飬ԭҲص̵ôأ֣Ҳһ仰顣
лл˳۾³֡


687 䶨
ôܹôǵĳСԺ棬Щŭؽȸ˦˳ȥһһ˶ߵĻƿ
ͻȻõ˹˳ҪǰϢ󣬹ϵȻǷǳ𶯵ģΪǰ󣬹˳Ƕûи˵顣
̫ͻȻˣһ׼ûУ
ûֱӵĹϵ棬еʱȷʵܲ㡣俴˿ŭеĹϣԹ˵˵
˶ȫˣǰӪһЩϵ磬Ҳ𽥿ʼĻ߷ֻƣǰȨƺԼС磬ھֻάϵС壬ʹ֮ôͷֱ
ڹ϶ԣĹϵҪһЩϵĹϵҪͼںӶʡǱ߶Թ˳ΪҪ
˳ǺȻˣҲûнΣȴǸϴ˺ܴĴ
ۿţںӶʡľӪҪɢˡ
ŹϵľʱήȥҲЩͬܡ
ϵļȷʵôŮȥӢȻ绰ȴǱʾԼԺΪ˼ȱӣûпܸȵȣùϷǳʱãӶʡĹ˳ͻȻȨùܴᡣ
ӶһȥӰҪʧһϣȻ۵ý
úñذɡһԼиǶȥ
͵ʴף˳ǶҶĶְ𣿡飬ɵЩ
˳һ뿪ӶʡȨĵĻô֮ǰγɵձͶʺӶʡļƻƱҪܵӰģôСҰŵĸһ廯̣δؾôʵˡ
˵ǷܹųѣֳڽʡʥǾ͸ˡ
ʵҪ⣬ǸȾ⣬Ҫͨ󣬽ʥﻮеͷۿڸУҪһ㣬϶Ƕ㲻˵۾
ҪģǲҶ飬ԱøҶҵ飬ܹ
Ҫôأĥ¶Ŀ䵽һСصĹٳС˵ϣǸֶǶµʱͻȻܵʱ⡣
ͬⲻ׷˱ˣЩʵ
ղҶһ͸мί˳ܰǴ˵绰ȥʾҪڹ˱ĲϣΪиֳһĹϵָʾһ᰸ƽ˾أ׷
ţҶִ绰ԼڰĴǱ߶ˣʾԷſԹ˱Ŀƣ绰ƽȫɵĻҪȵӶ߶ľȶ֮С
楾һţҶķӦЩ档
Ϊ֮ǰҶֳļƣȫҪ˳ǱˮһսģھȻϢˣܲɣѵ˵ҶҲܵ˲òЭľ޴ѹ
ʵǺܼ򵥵飬˳Эˣ˾޴òҶ˵Ϊ˺Ӷʡ룬ҷһ׷¶ˣҲù˳˳Ȩӣȥ
Ӷʡ߶飬һۻҵĸо治һܹ顣ҡҡͷȻʣ㲻һ׷ƽԭôҲĻˣ
ҶһʱЦˡ
Щǰȷʵ˵ֹһΣʥʱҲһֱǰԭµģʥĸЧʶܸߣɲҲȽ࣬񹫿÷ǳã뿪֮ǰѾ˹ⷽߵԵ㵥λ
Ҷ˺Ӷʡ꣬楾ͿʼЩĻˣ˵е棬ѵ˵ҶҲӶʡλͬ˲ɣ
ȫţھٺӴ˳׹Ű֮ҶȫԽںӶʡɨһƬ˵ǿưѹ˳ǸΪ˰ҶҶңҲʲô˵¶Ĳס
Ҷ˹˳ǵЭеˡ
ôĶҪЭճģԵٵʺЭʱͨЭ档Ҷ楽͵˳ȥںӶʡĸɲȶкܴĺôģڱһδĶ֮ɽǿԺ˳ʵͼܹ˦һͷɲܹĹϰܹȶգ˵ǶӮľ棬˵һʲôأ
ԭˣôһ˵Һеˡ̾ͷӦЦ˵˵ս޺պ֮ˡ
ɣǹ˳ͻȻ֣ҿ϶Ҫܴ۵ģһλ֪ءҶش
ףôյĽΣҶһ뿪Ӷʡġ
µ׵ӶʡţջѺЭڸ᳤ɽľ£ԺӶһЩƶοʣͬʱ˼ֵԪľʡ
֮⣬ŵ̽ǣеҵ˿죬ͶƵ꣬ͶʽһװǣǱȽϴĿͶʽǧңһЩССֵľͲֵһˡ
ȻˣԶԸҪһ飬Ǿ˼̸УСҰͬиֳ˺ƻСҰͶһʮԲиֳһֲֽߣҪһЩҽƼֲƷ˹ڿհס
һΣСҰŵͿɶˣûôĸܿʹЭ顣
ٳô̸еҪԭ򣬾Ҷ˷ų˷˵Ŭ֮󣬻ϻصڷԭҪľӦиֳд̶̣ùĿ嵥
ϢһСҰоָʾ̸Ŵǩ֣Ϊַ˼ҴҴӦиֳҪ
ʡ̨е̨ӴݣμСҰźиֳĺͬǩʽǻϻظиֳ֮ĶͬǩʽҪ򵥵ö࣬Ҳûй
һƬ£ҾͷշͶߵɫǺϲõӣ뵽һε̸к֦ڣͳѵ飬ǵоˣһСҰſ϶ûеõԤеĽ
Σⶼиֳһ£ԪĶͬ˼ֵԪĿͶʣиֳȻܹں̵ܶʱڣڹڸǰˣʷʮϸֳӮ˸˵ǰס
ʡһεǳӣ쵼֮⣬ʡίɽǡʡί˳ǸǣʡίʡһЩҪԱϯǩʽҲǸշǩĵһֵԪҪͬ
Ϊһϵ¼У˾õҶûߵ̨ǰʡ쵼ЦȻؾٱصʱҶѾ뿪ǡ
Ȼⲻ˵뿪мίǵĹλΪҪȥˡ


688 ڻ
۵۵
ǿǵĻϣڳֻ˶һĳ˿͡
߷壬ڵ˻ûɳεϰߣֻҪǴڼѧѧżڼ䣬ϵλǺܽš
ҶͨӲϴһ͸˿ͿһеľɶȥԱ߶һѲУżҲܹ˻Сųݲ֪Щʲô

ֻ̧ͷϿȥͻƲȽϵͣоһЩѹ֡
˵һЩ˴ԭ֮ЩƲͺѹͷһ
ҶƺһЩд˵ֲôԭϵ˼һɤӣһΪԭͨѶһҲѹЩϵ̲סҪ磽һЩеķơ
֪ʲôΣҶԼѹֵĻĻ϶ܲ˵ġ
ҶܣͳǱ߶ˡʱ˹Ҷľ
Ҷ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
һγȴǴ
Ȼôϲȫ̸ţԴӳϴε֮󣬼ͶİȫܲˣүǱ뱣֤ġ
ǰһǣҶ϶ӼҲΪ˰ȫĿǣȻҲųԸôľҡУϾίҲûôţƣܹоֵĸ֣䵱Լ˽˱ڡ
˵оֵľ൱ߵģɽķ⽮ҲӵѣѾǷǳѵõĴͨĸʡɲȻûĴģҪ˵Ҷɲʵ䱸ʸûеġ
ϸ˵ֻе˸ʡϣܹ˸߲֮ۡ
ߵʱҶԼ˵ʱһɺҶܡ
ƺǱȽϵ͵ģ˲ʲôӵ롣
Щھ÷չٶǱȽϿģ˼ʹϵ˼ʽҲкܴı仯ֶܣѾʲôϡ¶ˣ˺ҶܣǱȽϺʵģϾһС˾쵼Ҳҽܾģ˿Ƥ˾Ҳܾ
ΪһγʱȽϼ⽻Ҫ͵£ҶᳵӣֻԼľԱмίһҲûдǳյĻǰǣȵ˵ط֮лϡ
Σмڸ̸ۣͦߵģƮҶĶ档
ǸǴţûҰ첻ɵ顣һԴһЩǻĿұ
УҾͲţҪó۸ƤֲĳҲܰ쵽Ȼ˶Ĵ󻰣Щмһˡ
۾ͲҪˣӼԸ㵽ȥԼǻĿ˵
㻹ܸ㵽ԴǳĸֲĿǱȽϽŵġԷˣЩȵ
ҸǷС˵ܰ쵽ǸϿ˵
˭Էʵ
򱣹֪ɣϿʵ
򱣹˭ԷãȻ
ֵĲɹ򱣹֪㻹ʲôֵ⣿򱣹õܣֵܹϵܺáϿһĲ˼顣
ҪֲģӦֱӶǵľɣزɹʲô¶Է⡣
򱣹۽ƽСӣȻǲ֪ģ㲻۽ƽҲ֪ɣϿʵ
۽ƽܰҵȻ˵ֵܣǿǴĸɲأ˵ʡܣ˼ɲԷڱʾ˵ˡ
Ͽ˵ҪֵͨĹؽڣȻͨܵ·ߣһԺãЩ飬С򱣹Ϊ˱ȽԲҲ˵ֻҪǮܹ˵򱣹ͺð졣
Ŷˣ򱣹õǷСȻܹͨ򱣹·ӣȻ˶Ҫ򱣹ӣΪ۽ƽܣôһ־ͳͨˡԷڻȻ
ûҲ˵ûҰ첻ɵ飬ȻˣҲûӦĴ۲СͷûǮǰ첻ģǮʲô˵Ͽ˵
ҶˣɵЩЦû뵽ڻϣܹ飬Ȼ֪Ǽ٣򱣹ֵ۽ƽ֮ĹϵȴǺ׾ܹõġ
ü¶ҶһĥñС滮¡
ߣһԷȥҶǵ˵ͷȻͳ˹ȥ
·ղ˵ǼλʱҶŤͷһۣע۲λϿһ£סòȻŽͳȥ
ϵķˣ˵óԣ˵ʳҲΪƫƫ۸񻹱ȽϹһ׷еˣ͸ҸҪʮǮ
Ҫ֪ھʮǮܸɺܶˡ
ҶθˣתһȦҲûпʲôθڵķˣ˺з棬Ҫ˿ˮϣȻҪƿƣһϣżһҪĲˣ䣬Ȼķ档
ڴǵǣҲʮСʱˣһӦȥʱھܹϵǣǲҪϵİʳ
߶ԷͼͳϵķԱһСз۵۵سȥˡ
ззڵĺзֻҪʮһˣ
ûгͳԱ
ҿһˣʱթǰ󲻵ӣʮǮĺзͱʮһˣٷԵǲ㰡
ʲôֵģϾʡϵһʳ;ͺܵرʾ
˷׷׵ͷҲһССԽУڲͳԷƺڿͳԷҲǲһĸоζȽһЩòͻһЩ
ǿ극ʱǲͳƻˣһĽֲһˡ
зˣзˣ

Ҷ˶ʱˣɵƿɵƵľ顣
˸šղ˵ƤλʳͣҲ̲סһ䡣
ҶЩ̿ĸоֻȴ
ǺǣС㰡ڻءҶ˵绰Ц˵ʲôָʾ뽲
鲻ô˵ֱȥǹʹˣС̬ɣָ
ںӱߣܲʪЬҶȻڸݶⲻ˸˵ǹʹ߶ӦҲʲô¶ɣܻؼˡæ¶һؾһ˶̤ȥ
ҿ˵Ǳ߶򵥣˼ĵλɲʰ˵иֳǱ߶Ǹҵ˵
ҵҲޣѵƶѹǣҶЩΪȻ˵
ɺ˵СİɣϴεûµӰ汧Թҿɲ뻹ûн飬Źѡ
ףҴءҶЦ
µ绰֮Ҷüͷû뵽Լһ˶жȴǵĳС㶼֪Ϣ
ʲô鰡Ҷܲ
ȻӶʡ߶мίǱ߶ǳЩġ


689 »Ƶ
Ӳͳȥ֮Ҷ˽ϿǱ߶
һӣȻ˾ɢ˼Ƭ
ҶҲһţһ£ȴʲôͨϢܣݡ
Ǻǣе˼ĲĻͳСˡȻ˾ͿʼֿЦ
˭˵أҰֵʱҲ֪ôģΪ¶Ҳ˼Ļڱȥ̫鷳ˣ˼ҲŪ⻰ʱͱԹȻǰΪ֣ûٱȡЦ
ͷֿǺ鷳飬ûʵĹϵȷʵѵúܡ
ΪϢûгİ칫磬ԻĻԵúҪҶȥҸ֣ɻɺܴѹȷ˿Ϣ׼ȷȣҲкܴĸӰ졣
ӵʱ򣬻ڵǡ
ʵǻмʮʱ򣬾ѾĸоеĲﺬԾˣڴҺܿͽصʵʵǿ
ʲôãǿ̫ˡϵ˱Թ
֮ͣҶǾȺ³˳
߳վ̨߶һȺΧסһ϶ʮˮ
߶СùݱȽ϶࣬ҲȽϼң˻վͳ£ԴҪݵ㣬Щ˲Ӷ˺ܶ긾ŮͣͬʱҲĦСؿˡ
Ҷ˴Ⱥм˳Ȼƶظں棬ֱ߳ȥаٶԶЩ˲㬵۷ȥ
Ա߶˾˵ЩˣһԴùݶǮõĻһҲ׬ʮǮֻҪס𳵵վļӵУǮ׬Ҳס
ɽɽˮˮЩŻվΪСùˣҲǲ⣬ҪʲôͶʣֻҪһʱɱԼлľľͿԡ
˵ˣ͹̬ȹãһ׬ǧѿǮҲʲô¶ڳ๤һ²׬ԪĹ˵Ǹײˡ
Ҷ߳˳վǰкܶ⳵ڵš
Ƿֳ뿪˳վѡһеıס
СùҶ϶ȥסƵ̫۶еıݾǱȽϺʵġ
֮ҶҪʼǽĹҪչ
ѾǺӶʡĵ̶ˣ߶ںʡķΧҶҲǺӶʡίط˼мίԶУרΪ۽ƽ
⳵ĵʱͣȺ̵ơ
ʱһɫıγȻӺɳ۶һӾʹ˹ȥûʲôơ
Ա߶ĽˣҲֻŤͷѣƺѾ˾ռˡ
ʲôôţưҶЩȵ˵
˾ˣֻЦЦ˵ɫıɣǺǡ
ôнҶʵ
»ƵŮϰ򷼷ĳӣû˸˴ݲһ˾˵ϴиǲĳֱӾͱıڸˣֱӱӸˡ
ôŰҶЩȵ
Ǻǣ߶ûʲôõģǮ˶ࡣ˾ǵŵ̾ӳ˳ȥȻҶ˵߶ĺǮ˲ſ𣬳ʲô飬˼ҶǮƽûԸȥЩʲô߸ߵ͵͵ģţ˼Ǯܰ㿴ղŹȥǸ򷼷˼ҲŶʮꡣ
ôͿƵˣҶɻ
٣˵ĸϰˣ˼Һ̨Ӳء˾˵˵ֵ֣СҲǸˣ򱣹ʲôġ
ûн飿Ҷ
û˵ģ˵ѡ˴ʱرעδġ˾ش
Ҷһӣ;ڵõϣ֮ǰڻϵõϣ΢һЩ룬Ǹݵ˵򷼷Ӧþ۽ƽӣ˾ôһֲô¶
һʱ֮䣬ȴҲ㲻ŵˡ
ҶǾãһι۽ƽ飬򷼷Ӧþѵͻƿڡ
ʱ򣬲֪ܳһź乿Эָָ˾ͷʮ飡
˾ƣԹԵʮǮݸЭɫʱͱ
߶ĵطȻ󣬵ҶҪȥĵطҲǶʮǮסˣôһ˾ûж׬ͷһϰ߸Ĳ˵ĻжǮҲסģ
ǵĳйͦ淶ⶼҪҶʵ
ҲˣǼؼ·ϣЩЭ۾飬¿̵Ӹͷʲôģǿһ磬ҪĻҪӱġ˾˵
ʮңҶǵĳӣͿ»Ƶꡣ
Ҷڳʱı⣬ȥǰµľƵ꣬ȥλ۽ƽ鸾򷼷»Ƶ꣬ȻǷǳԡ
˾͵֮ҶһʮģֱԲˡ
лл˾˻ˣҶ뿪󣬾ֹһ䣬Ǯǿ˼ҸţҪһȰɣ
Ҳ룬ҪҶĳȷʵҹᣬȫĳܸҼįŮԻӭְҵ
ҲÿҶû˾лĻǳһٲɡ
õҶҶ٣оٽֳмίҶȻ˸Ѽӣ𣿣
»Ƶ꣬ȻǹɵģŵҲ൱ˮ׼ľƵꡣ
ҶǸ³ӭ˹ʲôġ
˽ȥ֮󣬾þ֤ĸ䡣
ǴӾİǰ̨ľǵ֤Щȵ˵
ǰ̸⡣һЦ˵
̸ʲô⣿ʲôûаǰ̨ЦЦ
ȻǸֲˣҪȻ˭طúܡһЩüͷ˵
ǺǣǾáǰ̨ͷϵ߶ҹǲģٿǮܺܺõطһ¡
ҲУҶЩʵ
Ǿ֪ˡǰ̨õмַɧ˸۶Ҷ˵
١ҶһȷʵǹŵģϿŹϸһƵ¶ڶˣλǰ̨Ŀṩ񣬶û׼ԼҲôһݶְ
Щ飬ǸҶеĿûʲôϵѡס»Ƶ꣬޷ǾҪǸ򷼷һЩԼϴ̽һЩѡ
ɲţһʮŮӣͿԿôһҺƵꡣ
ϵ֮ǰҶȫţҾƵ۽ƽϴǮ֮һ򷼷Ҳ鸾ʲߡ
Ȱú˷֮󣬾ͿʼȥȻֱӻ˷䣬һоһ£г⡣
Ҷܣе𼸸쵼ͻȻҶС˵


690 ҹ
ʲôҶһɫЩ죬ɵһ䡣
⼸оֳҵ൱߳ǿȥΪ쵼ִоģȻǺܸߡ
⼸棬װ͵豸ҲҶ˵ר豸һ£Ӧþҳˡ
ڵ갡ҶˣҲǸеЩ⡣
û뵽»ƵȻô󣬸ڷذװ͵豸ҪǱ˷ˣ
ҶţֻǸ򷼷һŮӣ϶ôǵģⱳһվ
ȻˣһɵĶȻֵ۽ƽҶǰ˵Ǵûм
һԶǵĽֵ⣬صľڲиֳĹУֳ׿Խ
ϾҲǸϸиֳû̫
ող鴦иֳҶȥֵİӣӦǷǳʵѡ
ҵų£Ҳԭġ
һžһ꣬ȫ7000̨ף7099.99֣6635ָ464.99֣һžŶֲ꣬8000֣8093.47֣993.48֣Ҳһžֲ꣬пܴ9000ؿڡ
ͻͽĸҵȻͳ˸ܸ߷
Ҫ˵۽ƽҲˣ۹⹻ֶҲǿ
ʵϣ1991굽ڣڻѹұҵǰδеľ޴ѣ¸ֲļ۸һǧɣÿۼ۵Լ300400Ԫ֮䣬ԭϡȼϵȼ۸ȴǣɱһһ䶼ʹø󸹱
󻷾ãֵľӪҲ⡣
ʵϣ1990ϰֵ꣬Ķʮ˸ƷУжʮƷ֮ãܳӯ100Ԫ1985꾰ʮ֮һ
۽ƽҲǸʱܵġ
ʱ˵ΣһСľͻ᳹׻𣬲۽ƽսû1991ԪʼСģг㣬ʵгɱ͹ƣһ˵ֲгƣĿ飬ʾħ
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Ǻõ壬еˡҶĥһ£ֿŮҡҡͷԲסҽǣ߶ϤˣҲʲô·Ȼ˵ɣôҸ
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Ụ̊ɫ̾ͺˣر۾
˰ɣҶû뵽һ㣬ΪŮҸԼӣЩ˵֪ҷĻԼ£
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Ҹõ϶ŵĶϣأҪҶ˵һȻסڿһǣק˳
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Ҷ˿С۾ţһҲӳеЩ档
ҵݣȷҪ֪𣿣ҶٵһͷųǷǳ˵ġ
ŮȻҶ·ǴʱҶʱ򣬾ʹϿһλߵϢǿأһ죬ΨҶҶ浶Ҷĵһӡ
ֱܶҶȻҶĵһӡ󹢹ڻǵģǱ˰Ҷڿ㣬棬һһ飬ںߡ
ȻʱҶ浣֪Ժᷢʲô飬һ㣬ĻԼǳ
ʲôݣѵǺ𣿣ҲǣҶ浵ͣһҲϳԿ
ȻڱҶýʵʵʵ棬ȴϷ䣬ν˲Ѽˣͻá
Ǻǣǵһ˵Ǻᣬ⵹Ǻʵ˵ҶˣǺЦȻɫܹ»Ƶȥ磬ôûи׵Ļ죿ʵ˵࣬ҿɾͲˣ
ҶúҲ˵Ҷ֣Ƶ걣ĴڣֻܹھƵ磬֪϶Щ˵ģϵʱҶСԱԼ֮䣬СԱҲ޵رʾϻǲҪǷǵĺá
һжҶǣӦøƵ귽ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ҶҲЩˣȻǿƵ꣬ȻϣԴԽԽãô»Ƶȴһ̬ⱻ˸㻵Լأ
е˵ͨ˸оЩֵֹģҪҶ浣ϣ棬õԼҪĴ𰸡
Ȼˣ粻Ϊ»Ƶ򷼷ͬ۽ƽϵǸŮˣҶҲ»ƵȤ
ڣ飬ȴΪܹ»Ƶ֣ס򷼷©Ȼ˳ϣҵ۽ƽ򷼷»Ƶ֮ϵӶﵽһٽĿġ
Ҫ쵽飬ǱȽѵġ
˭ȻܳҶǣҶȴȫ⵹ǷҶʡȥѾ˼òˡ
˵ҵ޵ġҶһ䣬ƺ¶ȶȡ
ҶȻ󵨶ǱҶôһ鲻Խش˸ս
ҲЩ𾪣֪λ˾ʲô·ôһ죬Ҵ˵ѹҲǷͬһ㡣
ǣ˶˵ȨĲίǺгֵ۽ƽ
еǡһҲҪ
⻰˵Цģ˵ֵ۽ƽȷʵǿӰΪֵܣΪֵһ˼ڵ۽ƽֵӰ˿ɼ˵Գ棬ûܹĵλ
ҶҲǼ۽ƽܶεģܴ˵ѹȻҲܴ󣬿ǸҶǲôһ
ָоȻܳ󣬿ȴʵʵڵģֻҲ˵྿
뵽֮Ҷ뵽һֿԣЩɵؿҶʵѵǵٵģ
ǵģҶǵٶģôϣûôƵģܹҶǿѹˣʲôӣôֻһֿԣҶǹԱǼǳߵĹԱ
ȻҶᣬҶҲʲôٶҶ浵ֱǰ˾һٶ
ʲôҶ֮Ҳɵһ¡
Ҳû뵽Ҷ浾ȻԼĸףⲻɵеЩ졣
Ҷ浽ҶͱֵñȽռϷ֮ľ飬ͲԱ飬˵ӰƷһĹԱΪåΪ
ԭΪԷԼͬˣΪǿĺڰӣôҲû뵽Ҷ浾ȻûϵǿԼĵơ
ôһҶҲǻ콭ģʺܾģ֤̾ʵԼĲ롣
ԭǵٶģֲ¶ǹһô޳ܣҶЩ߷ߵǴҲֻЩٶģŻôĺɣ
ͷŸɾҶջýҶһ£Сٰ͸βڿ㣬ӣ
Ҷ浹Ȼ̾סˣеģҶ֡ޡġ١ľͰѳȥЩˣһ˵ģûʲôϧĺ˵ŵ㡣
µҶ֮Ҷ海ǳĬƺڿʲô⡣
㵽˵˵ҶĿûˡ
һĻ𳵣Ϣȴ˴ˣܾҪмί˻ϣȥֵ飬ⶼǺܺķ飬ûʱͲǺõ島Ƥ
ҶͷҶһۣǾᡣ
һùĺͷͻȻ䵽˵ٶ棬ʱ̸ʲôȨֱǳ룬Ҷ̻˶ҵһѵɡ
ֻƾҶеǹе֪ǶͨĸɲʲôʹôЩˣҲһ仰顣
㲻أӵǸطѺ겻ŲʣҲʲô¶
ҶȻᣬȴеǱȻ֪ǵĲǺᣬЩܰ˽˸˵˵ĹԱǡ
ֻй¶»ƵһЩܵĻҶҲûǸӣ»Ƶ򷼷Ȼشԣˣȴûܹǵ
ôţҶ浵;
˵𣿡ҶһҶ浿϶˼ɵģֻʱȣȴǲԸ˷ȥˣԼϧҸĻᣬǾԹҶˣ
֣ҶˣɵðԱҶһ¡
ˣͷѪȻҶ浲û˹ҲԲˣԱ˲ԼҲһֱֻۣһȣǶԣ㵽ʲô¶أ
һ̣Ҷ浾ʹסˡ
ΪҶȷʵ֡ˣΧԡһϻ䵹ϣ¶˴ֳִļһ


695 
Ҷһľȴûз
ΪҶѾöסͣƺ֪Ҷ浻ķӦҶ׼ǱȽϳֵģҲǱȽϼʱġ
ӦÿԴƳյļҶڿסҶ浵֮󣬾ͱ΢ġء
ƲԷƣҶٶԴһӣǲʲôϧ뷨ҶҶ浵õͦ⻬ģҲȽϽ£֪õʲôӵĻױƷ
Ҷ浵ķӦܾң۾¶˾ֵɫϵĺëҲըȻǷǳеʣӸǲͣŤ
Ҷ浵ķӦҶʱһֺܹĸо֪ôģŻŮʱ˷ܵ顣
Ҷ˹ȥܹоŮ΢΢ţϧ˫ȱ̶ֿڴ棬°޷ƶ˫ֱŰֻͨ֫ŤҶַ
㲻ϲôҶ䵽ŮϣĿͱů޷ߣҶĴظ˼֮󣬹ϵؽĿȻˣ汻ƭ˵ǣֻһɣ
ҶͻȻԼܻɥʧ
ڶŮźܻ飬ƫƫһϵǿҲһܹһ㣬ԼеԼˡ
ҶȻŻҶô򵥣иֵҪֵװƵˣҪ֪װƲǲԿԣǹҪװ2BͶˡ
౻ҶůҲСڿҲ
Ϊȱס˵ƣԶϥǲλŵýġ
Ҷ֮¡Ҷ浵ɫڱˣŤҲøеİɫǸ˾ͿԿó
ҵģк³ҶҶ浵۾˵ȴûͣЪЩʺĴ䣬ǵŮ巺һƬƤȻǱĶŻˡ
ҶΪԼҶַѾ޷赲ʱҶȻһѳڿ㣬˵üҪҶ֣Ҫ֪һû˵ֿŮӣ˵޵ģ
ҶȷʵŵˣΪҶھϣǿµļһצسͷȷʵܴ֣Ҷ浾֣Ҷ˵Ļ֪Լ᲻ᱻֱŪ
ֿԻǺܴģҶ海˵ֿ
˵Ůᣬɿˡ
ԹԵأ֪鶼˵ҶȽص˵ͷֲûƿͣŮвλƺһ⣬Ҫʱ
򷼷µġҶڳϵ
˵һЩĻһʱġҶָ¡
Ҷ浵ɫЩ԰ףǿԼ侲֮󣬿ʼҶͬ»Ƶ򷼷֮顣
˵򷼷ĳǵײ㣬򷼷溢Ӷ࣬磬Ҷ浼ֻһŮ
֮ͬ򷼷Ҷ浵ĸʦֵܣǰһȭϷӣʦΪˣҵĹϵҲԡ
ҵǾͶˣµļϹ졣򷼷֪ôʹ۽ƽ߶ҶԼǰļͽܣǹͷǣϻһЩֶ֮ڡ
ֻ򷼷۽ƽ֮Ѹٱ׸򱣹ǳֲɹŵĸˣ˵սҲΪֵҲմ˹⣬򷼷Լǿôһ»Ƶ꣬ǮС
ô˵򷼷֮ĹϵˣҶ˼ʵ
ʵ´ҲûжáҶ浻شǼ̫ۣҲҪԳ棬̽ǵĵϸ
ҶͶ򷼷֮ҪھƵ߶ӣûʲô۵ļһ㱣ľɱɱģҶ浵Щʦֵ
Ǳ߶ƺЩţ򷼷ҲЩ⽻Ҷûʲô۵ȴû뵽ԵҶС
򷼷ı󣬹Ȼ۽ƽҶһκشӱ˵ĿеõϢ˵⻰ˣǸ򷼷ԨԴҶ浣ɿȻҪöࡣ
ϣ˵滰Ҷ˵ͷȻʵ򷼷ڸ۽ƽĽӴ಻ࣿ
һܴһΰɣ»ƵꡣҶһ¾ͻش»Ƶһרõ׷˽ȥ򷼷۽ƽڵʱҲȥ
۽ƽ˾ӡ󣿡ҶЩʵ
۽ƽô˵ءҶҶ⣬ЩĬ˿ҶȻ˵Ӧͬһ·ˣƻգǿƣֶΣͷԡ
۵ͦߵġҶ
ϲŮɫǱȽϿƣԲȥȵŮӡҶ˵򷼷Ůô򵥣ͬʱҲδŮӹ֡
δŮҶ˶ʱһ㶣۽ƽȻȺã
Ҷ浵ͷЩ򷼷ż˵ģЩԼ۲ģϴ˵ģ»ƵƽʱֺţֻǱʵ»ƵҪ֧۽ƽṩʽ˵۽ƽһЩԱϵУܹӰ쵽ǵľƺܶ˶ˮˡ
ȻӡҶԴ˵ûʲô⣬ֻǸпԶǾٱˣ˵߶Ӧ·˽֪ʵɡ
ֻֻͨǵ;˵Ĳ²⣬Ҷ˵ģȴǱȽϿŵ֤ݡ
Ҫ𣿡ҶҶ浵´Ȼʵ
Ҷ浶ŭĿӣȻҶַǳŭȴûκεƢǷϵ⣬ֻҶ׸ķݶҲԸȴ̼ҶʡøԼ޷ܵĺ
Ϊҵ֤ṩһЩ֤ԣϵ⣬ϴɾȻٸһȽĹҶҶ˵
Ҷ֮󣬾ҡͷ۽ƽܴ㶷ģȻ㿴ҲǸ쵼Ҫ֪ǵ쵼϶۽ƽˣûлӮһҪ۽ƽҲܶ࣬ǶʧˣеĻػȥˣеǱ۽ƽҧһڣøˡ
ֲеĸɲҶЦ
ʡҲУҶҡͷȻҶûʲôġ
Ѿй¶̫Ϣ۽ƽ֪Ѿ򷼷Ҷ浵³һЩ
ҼȲˣֲʡأҶҶ浣Ц
ѵ㻹ĲɣҶ浲мؿҶһۣ˵УŮϣѵĸɲ
ֿԣֱӾͱҶ浸Լ񶨵ˣ
ҶЩȲؾǡ


696 㲻
ʵмίɹĸɲҶеҶ浸ˣͶ˵һ䡣
ҶһؿҶŲĹмίĸɲɣŮŻ۽ƽֵΪҲʲô׼Ĵˡ
žˣҲûָʲôҶָҶѣȻƿˡ
ţŮ͸еԼϵ⿪ˡ
Ҫĵһ飬ǴӴϷһ߶Ѹٵе֣ڿ㡢ůͿ඼ҴҵȻæҵشӵȹϣȻѥӣס
ȵЩ鶼æ֮󣬾ͷҶҲѾ룬ɳǱ߶Ŷȣ
Ҷ浽ǰѵĵİһЩ
뵽ղҶΪҶ浺޲ýӳȥһ⬣һԼͲЩ֪ĸɲǵĶ֣ҲɵЩй
Ҷ浿˿ҶʼûףǹǴͳġ
ˣҶҶһ䣬ȻҲûеش𣬾ͽ˵˾Щ㡣
ҶԼ߸ҶУҲΣֻùԹԵСϱһһίش
˵Ҫ򷼷»Ƶ꣬᲻۽ƽҪҶʵ
ʲôҶˣʱһ󾪣㲻İɣҪ֪еĸɲǶҶΣΪǶ֪۽ƽŵģĻ򷼷ʲôʸк޼ɣ
ʣ۽ƽеӰжҶǺģҶĵϸȻҶ浲ΪһëͷСӣܹԸʡ涼Ըȥ۽ƽ
Ҫ֪۽ƽָ̣ܹתһҸ󣬴һһһ֮һüڣԲһܹ顣
˭ڿǵһ֮󣬶еͶ
Ͼһҵɲʲô£ǽָŪ˵Ļǿɾ͵òʧˣǹϵüҵԱĴ£ʡҲԸȥֳֺõ顣
벻̬û˻ȥ۽ƽһ⣬Ϊչ
۽ƽԣ򷼷»ƵڣȻ鴦߶пܻᷢ۽ƽһЩ⣬۽ƽ֪߶飬ҲԲԴУиɲ֮Ĺϵû׼ҪΧ»Ƶչһսˡ
˵ҶӰ˿ɼ۽ƽ֮䣬Ҷ浲ΪҶܹӮⳡսʤ
ǿѹͷߣҶмί⼸ǹôܹеΪУ
Ȱ㻹İɡҶȻҶ֮ǣǿǵԼᱻۣҲòһڵƣǸ۽ƽûκơ
ǿɲһҶЦԱ߶ùһӣЩˮȥһڣȻʵ򷼷ס𣿡
ʲôҶ̷ǳطʵҲѣ
Ҷ˰ֹ֣ĻȻ˵ǺӶʡмίǣɲһιǣмίԶУר۽ƽİӣ۽ƽĲϣѾݵԶһ׳ͬ־ҲʾҹǴǰվѣ϶ڶڽġ
Ҷˣͣþõغϲ£Ҳ֪Ҷ˵ĻǼ٣ǿǸɣƺ⻰оųɵĿŶȣΨһеɵģҶƷˣϾǰһ̻ڴϣֵˣǷֵţһҶԼҲ˵
˵ĲİɣҶ
Ҷûʲôġ
ҶûķӦ˵ҴɲȥˣʡҲʲô⣬һҵɲ治ʲô¶ֻһιᳵӣҪԷĵϸһЩʧңҲ
˿еҶ浣Ҷ˵һ䣬򷼷۽ƽͷ۽ƽ᲻Ҳ϶·һҲϣԼɣ
ѵĻܱ֤򷼷û¶ҶЩš
Ҫû¶ҲǲܣѶ̫ˣشֲУҪǷѡȷķǣҾȰ˵򷼷;֪صҶʾ
֤Լмί𣿡֮Ҷʵ
ҶЦЦղԼһթҶ˼֡
ȡһ֤ݸҶ浣ȻмίĶ㿴֤ǿԲοһµġ
Ҷ浽ӹǸӣһʱһ
ãҵȥԸһССҵɲʲô𣿡Ҷ֪һϣڣ˳絽Ҷ浵ϡ
ȿȡҶ浱ѬÿԣȴûʲôҶ
ϣҶֻһ֤ģǴڵ֤ˣƺҲҪǹڰɣһǳ΢ͳǹֵػ
Ҷ˲ˣΪҲûиõѡˡ
ԿɡҶڵͷˣҪ֤ҵİȫ۽ƽǵʵ̫ˣ춼Ļ
㲻Ҫģ췽ȻȥԼֻҪķ֮¾Ϳԣ֤Ҷһӣǳرʾ
򷼷ʵҲûбѡ񡭡Ҷ浺ضҶ˵Ҫ̵ʱڽ⣬Ǿͣ
Ҷˣʱһ㶣ʲô
٣ȷŮûлεǣЩǵҶ
ţҪεǣҲǸӲСҶǲҶôĵӡ
ϾҶݰڳ֮Ҷףȥûʲô³ˣĵǻҶ˸ţҪͱҶĻ
ֻǾãô뻢ѨеΣաʾԼĵǡ
ҶЦЦʵҲûʲô¶ҼˣССʲôңҲվֻǺȺȾӶѡ
һǾãӦһЩҶ˵ղǶǼ˽ͻѶҲõһЩõ鱨֪۽ƽǸŮ˿ñȽϽӴˣһûʲô³ġҪգҪСġ
ҶŻҶ浵ʱҲûţͶҶ浵ǼǽͻѶһֶǼôĳ棬ˡ
ҲõһЩõϢ֪۽ƽȷʵһ졣
ʱҶʾҪȥӴ۽ƽŮ򷼷ھ˵һǷǳɻһ۽ƽԣȻǷǳʹ޵Ϊ
ԣϣҶǷǣȵԼ˶ˣ;¶ͿˣαطҪðأ
㲻Ҷٿҡҡͷ


697 ҹ
еҹҪзḻöࡣ
ھ»Ƶ겻ԶĵطһҳҹӪľưɣҲνҹֶȻûƣֻ߿ڿഫȴǵصĸϰ͸߹٣·ǮˣԼΧиϹѵЩˣϲߡ
Ϊ߶صĸƺʳŮõķ
ǣϣܹҵĴ̼ҵܹ֤ԼڵļֵѾǵĲ
ǮԽ࣬ŮԽ֤࣬һԽɹ
ҹ棬ÿ϶кܶ฻ĵŮŮ˻ţ˴СĵشţȻײȻ󿴶ԷǷԼĲˣȻȥ֤˷֣
Ҷ߽ưɵʱ߶аٶˣɢۼһ𣬷ֳ˺ܶСȻŲͬĽȦӵġ
ҹֻ࣬жҹ𺳶ݣϲڵƹ⡢ݡ
ҹ˵ĵطɫװޣ㴼ƣɫɫǧĵҹŮɣǾµףڳʱУҡڣ㺲£ĵȼȫĸ߳
ӻƳֱҹǲͣسţͷż顣
˵Ҫĸֵ壬ͱҪ￴Ż̵ᡣ
ӴÿټĮ̇ڰŮͷķͷ֦һ֦辣ȥЩ죬ݻɫĮ̇͸ůĹߡ
̧ͷһǺɫСյɵĶƣ״أչλðĴӣŹӰķ羰жζľ򣬰ʾ󹬵ոտʼ
رߵɳȦԣİɫĵȺ·Ů˵Ȳдַ·赸Ť֫
⣬ĴƲʧΪһ㣬ʮ侭װ޵İ͸زؿ¥Ⱥ
ǹŵִĽϣһζ
УȽĵƹϵͳɫͷ׵Ӱǽ֮࣬Ҳ᲻ԾŤһл˴ǰδеĳܡ
ߣӡζ̱ͶӵĿռںϳһֿζǸʵĴУѾƵ裬ݻµ󹬡
ǵˣĪĳȣһ濴ţݺݵãһ淢ݣôڴϷй˾Ͳң
֮ܶǺ˰ŨĵطĪһҹҲǺõģеʱȴ̲סҪ޴С
ܳطЩаŶҶսȥʱҲĲøһ£ȻԼھǵĵۺֲ߶Ƚ˵еģ˵ʲôң˵౾ԵĻǲΪ㣬һӾܹ뵽ҹǵǵǷ϶ͷų
Ҷ֮Ѱ˼ţǲ˹ѧϰһ£ͷҲھǲһطҪŮ˽֮Ҳݡ
Ůװķ̾˹ݸһƣѵģȻ͸·ָ˰̨λá
ҶŸ߽űһṩѺƣоⶫζ㲻Ȼƣȷʵб֤ģζŨʵƺúȶˡ
ǰ˼˰̨߶һ¸־ˮļĿȻŪ˿鵰ӡ
ѾʮˣĻƽʱŸոտʼϵ˿źͣ棬Ȼؽ
Щ˵УܶѾǺ˺üˣ߶ΪҪʱġ
æϣʱҶĶҲеˡ
źƣŵ⣬۾ȴȺĿꡣ
򷼷òܹκεϰΪҶѾҶõƬؿ֮󣬾ͷŮҲȷʵǳѹ۽ƽУ»ƵôҪĲҵ
˧磬Һһ
һЩεεģջ
ҶЦŻͷһͼλʮŮʿԱ߶ñȽϿţӰĸһҹŶܹŵС
ˡҶ°ͣ˵ѵҶٳ긾ŮżˣôʮŮ˶۶ͷţ۲ˣ
һȻλŮʿȤģǺȾơ
лˣҽѾ˺ܶࡣҶл
λŮˣûʲô뷨ģ̷ǳ̰ؾܾˡ
ߣŮ˼ҶӣʱһץԼľƱת뿪һԥҲûС
ǹмįͣҪҸ׳Сɣ
ҶһŤЩŵƨɣ˵λƨ浹ԲģС
ҶǰɧŵŮʿʮ굽ʮĶУȻǶҶ˧еȤ
ң߶ˣҪȾǱ߶࣡
ҶֹһӣɫǲãΪոջܾһ˵룬ҶٵѾŮͨɱˣ
Ǻܿ죬ҶͷԼĿ꣬»Ƶܣ򷼷
ҶˣȻҪһƣһ߶ţһ߶شһڶ治Զ򷼷
ŮˣȥƺЩįͿźɫָ͵ָЩϸһֲ֪ĺС㣬һϮɫĹãҶ۹ûаٰʮӦòġ
򷼷Χ֮ڶûʲôǰȥɧţƺŮ˾ı־һ
ҶĿΧɨɨͷڲԶĵطڣһֱڹע򷼷һһ
ĳҶֻǿһۣܹȷǵݡ
۽ƽ򷼷ȷʵñȽϽȻ˱һֱ
Ǻܼ򵥵ģ˵򷼷Լıڣôҹֵط;ԲҲģϾڹ˻߱˵Ǻܲġ
ҶغžƣϸСĵع۲򷼷һһ̬пԿóŮ˻÷ǳģ˵һƤңȴı֮߸ķΣʹԵ˵ҲֻǱ
ţįžָоɡ
Ҷ룬ֲҶ浶˵ʵҪ򷼷Ҳףؼֱܹһٷ
ĻŮҲôףܹ۽ƽġ
Ͼ棬۽ƽǵѹͺһɽ
ҪǣҪŮǱ۽ƽɲһ飬ҶҲûʮİգҪѰһٽ㣬Ҳį򷼷
ҶѰ˼ô򷼷ڨʱŮ˺Ȼ˹Ա߶λббһָ
άأtomorrowŮ˶ŵʦ˵


698 ͼɲ
ʲôtomorrowҶˣʱеʵ
ҶҲǼʶˣƺȵĲ٣ȴû˵ʲôtomorrowҲãöһ򷼷ڨĻᡣ
ŮɨҶһۣƺеû뵽ҹôһλ˧磬ǰƺǴûмġ
ûдҶ˵ֻЩڰ̨棬ɫøɫĮ̇ӳĵһֹĹ⡣
tomorrowƵһּβơԱ߶ķشȻҶҪҪҲһ
Ƶֵǹ˵ǾһɡҶ˵ͷͬˡ
ʦרҵһˣŪƿӵҲǱ棬ƿӷȥģ͸ˣӼһҶˣҲɵ΢΢ͷ̾
СӣȥǸҵе˷ˡ
ȥۺĻÿĸн
Ҫ֪н򣬿ǵصصĸײ㣬֮Ĵ棬ͨҲǮѣн򣬿һ˲õı׼ȫԵֵͨ˾ĸ߹ܡ
ǵʦŪƿӣһƿƿˮ㵹ֵУȻɿˣŻּƬͳƬʲôģֽ˸ᣬһ󱭵ƺõļβƣͰǰ
Ҷüͷֶ֪ȥ֮󣬻ʲôã
βƽtomorrowƵķҲܼ򵥣һݾԷؼӣһķƣһƣһݰأһݽƣһʿɣټһݶͷЩƻϾȣˡԱ߶Ů˺ȻˣƺҶ򷼷ͣ˵ΪʲôҪtomorrowʵҲҪ˵ֻҪһڸɵ֪ΪʲôʱѾˡ
ԭô¶ֲûô֡Ҷ֮󣬾Ц˵ҿǧ־Ӧù಻ҡ
˵ֻ˶ˡŮֻ˵˰仰û˵ҲǸҶӣĿתҶ϶ͣ˼ӡ
໹ǱȽϲģٲ˷УҶԼԿһȻùǰļβƣһڡ
оΣŮƺҶͦȤġ
˵ʲôо˵ľƶ࣬ǶͷζȳˣǺǶͷҶ΢Ʒһ£Ȼش
԰ǶͷȳˣŮЩ˵
ư߶Ȼ˵Ƶʱʹ⼸־ƣ֮ǰѾˮ˾ưĲƿĳͣͲ֪ʲôӵľˮеơ
ŮҲΪѣû¶ͿЩʦƣԲŻǶʲôˮһˣûôģעЩ顣
Ҷֺһڣоģɵͷ
ŮЩȤؿҶȾƣȷʵǱȽģȻ»Ƶ֣ǾƵľӪȻڴ㣬߶ǿŵУûʲôٸֵ۽ƽÿܹһΣһдˣ˲Ͽ
УŮ˵ӿνǹõζ˼㡣
ͻȻһñȽ˧ҿȥЩ˳ҹ棬Ů˵黹ǱȽ˷һЩģͺǷµȤһ
ϵľƣˡҶܿͺһƣȴû˿⡣
Ů˿֮󣬾;ЩԾ
ڵĸоôŮʵ
ڵĸоûʲôرġҶشͷʵǳͰɣô᲻֪
Ǻǣ˵Ҵûкȹ־ƣ᲻ţŮ¶һЦ
ȻãԼ˵ĻѾܶˡ
˵Ļͨ߶ҪһƣȻ￴ȡ֣ȵ˵ʱ򣬾ؾƵȥ˯˯ͣٿȥϽֹ߾Ǻܵεĵӡ
ŰɡҶ򷼷˵ͷʵưδؾƵģֻһѣõĻã鲻õĻã޷ǾǲԸµį֮жѡ
򷼷ҶȻ˵ĺܵλ
߶ʱȽϾˣȻ֪ʲôƸˣʦôһ󱭾ƣһһȲˣͳŲסˡ
֮ÿ춼ҪôһҲҪʦӼһĶҵȤѣ˵ƣһŶǲϵġ
ʵҴȾơ򷼷Ҷ˵Ů˺˾ƣ׳¶
ֵطŮӦöǲ»¶İɣҶЦ
Ҷ˵ĻȷʵеֵطѵŮǸ󣬶бȻǲ³ʲôģ˵ˣڵƺ֮У˱˰֮⣬ŮŮǵ飬˵ȻҲʲô˵顣
ȻˣԼԸģͱǿȵģ϶ͬһ飬˵Էò̫Ʒζ̫͵ĻǻҲᱧԹġ
ǾһԣֵطѣǱȽϰȫġ
ֻǲϲȾƶѣǴʱĵطԼĵط򷼷Ҷ˵
˵ҲеҶ˵ͷȻʦһһ
㻹ҪȰ򷼷Щʵ
оԣֻǲңҪҵĻȻҶ򷼷˵Ȼһ䣬ΪʲôһأʵҾöһ˶ԣͣسǺгɾ͸еġ
ҲпܣΪ˶ҩȥ򷼷
Ǻǣھư棬ĿԲ󡣡Ҷ˵򷼷һۣͼָϴһö䣬ȥڵƹ⣬˰
Ǻǡ򷼷ûд𻰣ֻЦһȻֱҶָع۲䡣
ᣬʮˣϹûǮҶһ۾˵
ʮġ򷼷ЩȻ˵
ֵϰŶҶ˵
˵ֵͦǮġ򷼷˻ָ鲢Ǻܼ
ǸʲôˣҶȻʵ
Ȼ˵ҶҲǹͨôķʽ򷼷ӴģȥͨղŸ򷼷һԻȻŮ˲ǱϿô򵥣˾֮ǰһЩ뷨ֱʵ
Ǻǣʲô˵ġ򷼷ЩȣҲֻôһ˲飬žͷʵҾ˵ͻȻܵˣȥˣôû¶Ҵڨڸղţһ룬ʲôģ
ôҶЦЦʵǼίˣǸɲ
ͼɲǲ񡣡򷼷ͷҶҡҡͷͼɲҼˣȾһ֣ͣǺǡ
򷼷˼ȻǶԼͼɲЩΪȻġ
ôܿǼͼɲҶЦʵ߶ļͼɲܸˮˣ


699 һ
˵ʲôأ򷼷Ҷһۣɫ糣Ǽͼɲ˵ô壬ǵĻٶ˵˵ıȳĻҪŮǰ
˵Ҳ֣ڻవʾԼ֮󣬾Ȼ̸ܹЦһղŵĻ⣬̸֪ݣҪŵ
ôóǵٶģҶʵ
ʵԾһγѾǺܵ͵ˣΪһڹٳ֮д͵ӵܣҶմȾϵĹٳϰ٣ҲûоԼµĹٳ磬ǽ⻻˺˵·Ҳӽͨˡ
ȴû뵽ȻǱ򷼷ˡ
Ȼ򷼷¶֮ǰ˼ҾѾע⵽
ֻ˵лй˼ɣԲŻгһûõĶ̽Է
Ҫ֪ȻлǼ֮䣬Ҳܹóһ˵Ƕ򷼷˵һ˫۽𾦣Ļ۽ƽҲء
һܵ˱˵ӣ;Բûʲôԭģֻڲ˽˿Ǹ˻˹ʺˣϵڱҵŶ
ʵȴǣ˼ұŬ˵˵ʡ
ǺǣһĹֱ͸ǣԶһĹԱеģɲһСٶ򷼷˿Ҷ˵
ܻῴࣿҶЩ
ǺǣʲôϡģҸ켣ҲһЩı£ҪȻĻͶˣϧǣûиϺʱ򣬰װ׵˷һı£ҪȻĻڿ϶Ҳܹʳǵĺӡ򷼷Щп˵
Լĸף򷼷ƺҲЩó׶Ӱ컹ǱȽϴġ
ȻܿóôֵΣǽ֮£Ҷû뵽򷼷Ȼı£Ǽ٣ȴ˻ɵģͶһ䡣
򷼷׸򱣹ֳξܣ˵Ǹúܣ򷼷Ķˣῴ࣬ôῴ۽ƽĴ£Ȼȡ˺ܴĳɾͣ۽ƽȴżķգ
򱣹۽ƽӣȻҲǺΣյģһ۽ƽ¶ЩϵȻҪܵǣֹ̰Ļһͷɱġ
ţΩС򷼷ƽ˵ΪһСԼɼôܹ˵˱ˣҴ˵ֻǱ˵Ĺ߶ѣЩС⣬Ĵ£⼸׬ǮҲˣȰҲֻܷΣȻ
㣬ҲҶˣ˵ͷ
ʱ˿̣ҶȻһЩ򣬿򷼷ί۽ƽҲδؾΪò۽ƽԵߵ
Ͼ۽ƽǸͣǸͬʱ׳־µˣôܳŮɫ
۽ƽôûнڲٵˣҲһ֮ڣֶͨΣִнıԵΪ󳬹üڵȻ
㿴ңʲôҶҪУһ򷼷ı£ƶϣǻ˵ģȷ汾£
ҿףҲŻȽϸȤ򷼷ͷҶƺʲôʲô֮˵ˣǺķġŮ飬ϵñȽϿһЩ
Ҷ룬ǹذɣҪһѡ
ȻˣһŮô˵ĻҲ˼㿴࣬˵Ļеˡ
᲻ã˺ܿ£򷼷Ȼʵ
Ҷһ£ȻŻشҾãʵһ츳ֻǺܶ˲ðˣҶԣûоʲôԵġϾ˵죬ɼȻҲйĪ֮ȴδؾһҪӦģؼǿ˶Ƿܹʤ춨
û뵽¶ǿͦס򷼷ҶĻеĸоֿ˿ҶȻ˵˵ףʵҲǹƭ㣬ֻܿóţƸ˺ͨŮ˺ܶ࣬ƺʲôסˣδơңˣǿŤתˣֵ飬Ҳˡ
⻰Ȼ˵Щ赭дģƺԼҲڲ²֣ҶĶ棬ȴǴһʹλ
ҶԵظеԼҵ˼£Žƽ
ϵʵе𶯣Ҷ֮ǰֻΪ򷼷ݼ򵥣۽ƽݲؽһƯŮ˶ѣڿԲô򵥵ġ
ط˵ΣҶԥһ£Ҫ
ұӦ𣿡򷼷Ⱦźɫָ͵ָֻʢżβƵĸ߽űתţͷЩһؿҶƺ˵ǣ۽ƽΧ
ҶȻҲǳصģʵϣ¶˾Ҫ飬û˭ܹסġ
ڰɣЩ飬ҪϸҶھˣûжʱǶȻʱȣôҲûбҪȦӡ
Ҫң򷼷Ҷʵ
ǺǣôһŮӣҪ˵ʣеˡģҾһЩ˽˵Ҫ̣˳㣬̸һ̸۽ƽ顣Ҷ˵
򷼷ͻȻ˰̨ϵǱtomorrowһȻҶ˵ңʱĴϣѾ£ô֪Ĺ۽ƽ飬Ҷ㡣
ʲôҶˣʱһ
ȫû뵽򷼷Ȼ˵ĻʲôأͶ״
Ҷ򷼷ôԭʲôһǺģ۽ƽǵ̫Ϊע۽ƽ˽˼Ǻŵ򷼷òҶ֤ǳ۽ƽҲʲôõĽ
Ȼˣ򷼷ȻпܻѡҶϹϵôϴȻҲЧһַ
⵹һ¹Ů˰Ҷ̾˿
tomorrowȻtomorrowȻҶûʲô̫õЧ򷼷ԳƴûкȹƵˣһ¶̳֮˺ΣԴһᣬô˰̨档
¶ôأҶʱҲͷ
ֻҲܷ򷼷͵ӣһֽ򷼷ͷԼļϣȻֱۻ
򷼷ģȫҶĻ档
ǾȻؾƵɣҶ¶˾ģһŮӣӦ÷Ź
ֻ򷼷ת߳ȥʱ򣬾ͿѾվ׶˹
Ҷòӣӭ˹ȥȻһַǳᶨȴݷ˵ȥ˵
ˣʱһ㶣ɵ
Сӣѵ֪§ŵģ˭Ů𣿣


700 ò˯
Ҷӣӭ˹ȥȻһַǳᶨȴݷ˵ȥ˵
ˣʱһ㶣ɵ
Сӣѵ֪§ŵģ˭Ů𣿣
ſһڵȵ
Ϊܹ۽ƽıڣ˶ǳھֲӵľӢȻͨһֱӾ֡
ʵϣֻǸ򷼷ȫͬʱ򷼷۽ƽߵ飬ȫԲȥǡ
ҶϣǲûиܵΣյϢֹԱǲû̫顣
ֻҶ˵ĻȥĻҲ֣ѵҶһ
£ȥ˵Ҷһɣȵ
Ҷôһɣȴеһĺ֪Сôô־þλ߸˴ѹһ㣬ɵóһ¡
ȥͳȥɣҲʲô¶
Ҷţ˵ǰ뱧򷼷ڣӾư˳ȥ
ո֮߳һھ˵ѣǲ¶λСǸչ˵ģϣԶһĻǲԵͷ
𣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦתͷ˵ĻͲôˡ
ʲôһ㶣ͷеԾ
Χɱ˹εǵ塣
Ťͷ΢һ£̸еһͷƤ飬ڴŵ࣬ͻȻλɫװͷɫͷ׵Ĳе΢ͳǹָǵԴ
߶һλͷ׵˵ȵ
ڳһ£ذ־
ȻܹȷԷǷĿǹǶǶԣԼȫҪȫûбҪðű˼ɨѵΣգȥһЩνĿ
ѡһλǿҪ˵ʲô
죡λͷ׵̺ȵ
ڶʱסֻͣȴڲ²⣬λ˾ʲô·Ϊʲôǹˣⶫɲ˵оеġ
Ȼ˵ϷһЩ߾ȷʵЩԱӵбȽ͵Ļװ߶ȴǴû˵ȻӵôǿĻΪƵȷǳ󣬾һǹҲܱ˽ӵС
ֻڶԷǹЭڱ򷼷һ·ǰҶ棬ǰȥ˿춯
ܿģһ˾ߵԱ߶»ƵС
ʱ˯ˣҶûоκˣ˽ȥ
ڸոս¥ͱں˸ˡ
һڸϽ˷䣬ȻֽëסҶ浵Ǽַŵͬһ濴š
Ѿ˾ŸˣҶš
ĸΪף棬ʱעҶİȫ⡣
Ҷ򷼷߽ʱҶ˯
ԺѹͿҶϱ򷼷ɵЩԾ
ǰɣİŪˣҶ浶ʱ˹أ
ˡҶҪĻش
ڣô죿Ҷʵ
ô죬¡ҶȻػش
ǣôءҶˣʱЩ˼άҡ
˵ҪһŮˣķʽǽ塭Ҷʵ
ǣھǽ壬Ҳ֪Ч϶áҶҲ֪ԼӦôʾңҾܲᵱҵ棬ɣ
ŶҶˣ׹ˡ
Ҷ浲ҶҪ򷼷ʲô飬˵￴Ҷ򷼷ƻȽΡ
Ա۾˯Ա߶ǻһŴҶ̾͸һ𰸡
⣬ôСҶЩͰ͵˵
ʲôҶ˸۶ҪǾܲˣԼҵĴҲУҲٸҲ޼Ĺϵ
㡭Ҷˣʱ֪˵ʲôΪá
Ҷ뵽ոҶԼЩ飬ʱ;޳ܵļһӦǸɵóһ˫ģֻñ죬Ȼ굽һŴı棬һ۲Ϊ
ѵĻ򷼷
Ȼ۾ˣҶ浵͸еЩɣ֪Ҷֻ˵˵ѣִ㣿
ò˵򷼷ȷʵһǳŮˣЩ޵˵ɱǺܴģҶ浼ʱҲ᲻رסҪ˵ҶëͷСӣƼ;Բɿˡ
Ȼ˵굽˱棬Ҷ浻ǲɱԱ߶ϵĶ
OO@@·ž򷼷߽ȻҶĵ죬ƺڱԹ򷼷·̫ʲôġ
Ȼ󣬾ͺҶʲôĺƺ˳е򷼷Ϯţʶط˿ЦƺΪеڴŤ
Ҷ浾ЩܲˣѾúıסͷôƺеܹӰش
òָס˶䣬ôһƺһЩȴ̲סֳһ컵ĻƺۿԱߴڷ顣
̫ˣô뵽顭Ҷ浾úЩ
˵򷼷һЩݵģȴ򷼷ˣҶ浵еתһ룬;üȻҶмίĸɲһר۽ƽˣô򷼷ҶһϦ֮Ҳδؾǻ¶
򷼷ܹҶֵˣôҶҲܲˡ
ķ顣
ҶЩŵ⣬ָͷͲɶһЩ̾һֺСžžžײҶĴϢԼ򷼷ɤ淢һֺƺܰ˵Ļһ
ƺԱ߶ŴڲţϵڵеԲ
ҶҪϣƫƫջȴѵֵҲǱèץһ㣬еܲˡ
뵽Ա߶ڷ飬Ҷ浾;Լ֮Щʪͣɵý˫Ƚһ𣬼űӵһǣĦ
Ҳ֪˶ãԱ߶Ȼû¶
Ҷ̲סƿһǣԱ߶˹ȥͼҶſͬ򷼷ϣԳţĺĺƺܿͱˣɼ黹Ǻܷġ
е򷼷ɫ糺ģ˫ֲԾؽץűƺҪץá
Ҷ浿һۣ;٣ͨͨͨţǰҲЩͣ˵СӣҸӲܡ
̫ˣôû¶ò˯
ҶŬĸоȴ޺޵ϣԱ߶ϵļһϷˣ


701 ˼
ҲΪҵˡҶеп
˶ãҲû⣬ǵȵͣʱ򣬾мˡ
ȷʵĹڴʲôֻʲôĵ
ʵʱֻĸܻȽ󣬲嶼أҪ˵ʲôԼظˡ
Ҷʱһ¹ǽϵĹӣѾ賿ĵˡ
Ȼ˵ɫûҲԶʱѾĴϣƺѾʼ೵·л·߶ɨصĦ
ȻСʱҶ֮ԼҲǳһ
Ȼ˵׳ǰҲйһСʱľôģûй
ϾܹŵסҲôȤǳʱĦǻᵼƤģҲȽأܺӡ
˵ˣʱĳѪҲпܻԻ幹һЩõӰ졣
˵Ϊ򷼷壬ջȽϴԲŻᵼķ
ҶҲû뵽Ȼ顣
˼Ⱑ
ҶԭΪǸ۽ƽѥӣȴǿһ·⣬ЩĪ
ôأҶЩԾ
۽ƽ˵ϣҶҲһЩˣȻʮ껹ʮ꣬ǻ⣬˵˲١
Ȼ򷼷缸꿪ʼŮˣôִܱŮ֮ڣⲻѧ
ѵ˵Ϊ۽ƽʲôⲻɣ
Ϊһʼͷһ㣬ҶŻе˷ܣʱҲϵþһЩ
ҶԼҲеԾⷽƺȽˡ
ǰʱȻ¶ҲȽϸȤҲһҪβܹ⣬һζʱ䣬;аȽ㣬ҪȻĻҲڰѳе򷼷ôá
ʱ濴ȥֻһƬǽˡ
ʪһƬĴ֮Ѫ׵ĺģʱѾɺԣԵЩĿġ
ҶеģղŹԼˬˣʲô¶ɣ
룬ûеģʹӴܵҶǱ߶ӣ顣
ʵҶҲе֣˵ԼղڵôҶ浾ȻһӦûУǶ񰡡
Ҷƺ֮ҲûʲôӦֻǽ΢һ£ͽȥ˯
ҶıӸһǣȴҶӣȼűӵһ֣Ťöˣ˿ڿ棬Ҳʾˮոɺ֮ĺۼȻŮҶô
ҶЩЦǣҶ浵һֻֻСĵ˽ȥԼһֻΪزһֻ򿰿Сͷ棬Ҳ΢һ˿Ϲ̺졣
١ҶʱЦһ
Ҷ߶¶Ҷûаʲô˼ŮȻеܲˣҶһ϶û˯ãʵ۵òˣ˯˹ȥȴǲô׽ˡ
ôһҶҲͲɧˣתͷԼĴܷʪ򷼷򵥵زһ£ȻѾӵĴһԡ˱棬ʼ˯
ȵҶѹʱѾ͡
һԱ߶ûɵЩ֡
۾һͿԱ߶ĴҲûˣû뵽ֻ˯һŮ˶ˡ
ǲŲæΪҶ浲ֳʲôΪĵǶԼУ򷼷ҲֳʲôΪġ
Ҷֻе棬ȥˣ
ڳʱ򣬾ſˣžͿҶ˽
˰ɣŪ˳ԵģȥԷءҶ浶Ҷ˵
ŶҶ˵ͷȻʵˣ
СʱҶ˵Щ̰壬͹ȥĶҵĵҲŰ˵˵
Ǻǣǿ̰壬ǳڰȫĿǣϾﲻǵĵ̶һЩҲӦõġҶЦЦͳԼֻ˸绰ԼȥԵġ
Ȼ˵»ƵеڣڲԲҺֽţĻǿǴ¶˭Ҳģе̫Сˡ
˵绰Ҷ͸Ҷ浳˿ͷȻ¥߹ȥ
򷼷ܾ칫¥ϣܴһ׷
ȥ֮󣬾ͼ򷼷ڲԱ߶֧Դǰ˲ʮӵӣ˵Ƿǳʢɫζȫˡ
ˣҶ˸к򷼷
򷼷ͷƺȽϸӡ
ҶҲû˵ʲôԼùһֻһԵĵ緹ʢ׷ȻͿʼæһϣҶĶӻҪʳˣһ㣬ʮӵʱ䣬Ͱϵʳɨһȥ
ҶЩ㵵ؿҶĳ࣬û뵽ȻôܳԣԼų˰׷ѣҲûг˼ڣҶѾʼɨսˡ
㶼ûиңȻôܳԡе򷼷ҲеԾ̲ס˵
ҲûиңȻǵһΡҶһǴŹ棬³ʱѾһɸɾĹͷˣֱҪȹͷҪ
һΣԱ߶ͷԷҶ浣˶䣬͵͵̧ͷ˿һԵ򷼷ƺǷ˴ԣͷʱˡ
Ȼû˯ãҲҶЩԹԣͻȻ˹򷼷İԣҶ浸оǺֵġ
ֻǲ澿ô¶򷼷۽ƽŮôǵһΣһ˵Ļ⣡
򷼷ƺǱȽʧģʧȥ˵һεŮˣеݵĹڣ棬Ҫһ
Ҳûҡ򷼷ָתָϵ䣬ػش
ѵǵһΣӣҶ浿ɾıˡ
Ȼ򷼷Ļش˵һС
ֻôҲ벻ף򷼷ôǵһΣѵ˵۽ƽһѾ
Ҷ浺ܿͷԼĴ𰸣Ϊ˵۽ƽǷܸߵģһƺҲԷǷŮ飬Щƫִ
ô¶أҶ浵г˿𰸵뷨
㡣ҶƵһ߶Ȼòͽֽ˲ͣ˹˵
ܼ򵥣Ϊ۽ƽ֮ԶӣҪΪҵس򷼷ûӣֱӵظҶࡣ
ŶҶ֮һ£ȻʵҲ԰۽ƽԣسõ壬֮䣬ƺҲûʲôìܵĵط
˭˵ûìˣ򷼷ڽƤ̧Ҷ˵ΪһʼҾ͸ҵ츳ģһʧȥ˵һΣô츳Ҳʧ


702 
ʲôҶ֮󣬶ʱЩ⡣
Ҫ˵򷼷ֿ츳ȷʵǱȽôģѹ۽ƽ⡣
ôһˣܹϾͿóԷĸףܹó˵ôͬദʱȻܹѡ
һ˶ԣֽܹⷽУȻܺѡʵĴ÷ʽԼܹ̺֮Уڲ֮ء
۽ƽִֵʱһʱпľأһ֮󣬾ʹ˺üڵ˵ʲô
˵ԼȷʵЩЩֶ֮⣬ӦûпԽص
ǰʱҶǾ۽ƽıӦһ֧ģͨ򷼷̸ʶһ㣬򷼷۽ƽѸٷչĻԵ
ˣҲ޷ͣΪʲô۽ƽ򷼷Žȴֲӡ
Ů׵ã֮Ҳ
Ϊ̰Ů򷼷ʧȥְһĳ츳ǿɾĵòʧˣ۽ƽһˣȻܹõʲô򷼷ԣֵ
Ļпܵģ۽ƽ˻Ҷĥһ֮󣬾͵ͷͬ
Ҷ̾뵽һ⣬Щʵ˼˵ɶ֮Ҳû츳ˣ
򷼷һҶ΢΢ЦеǵζЩζʵôϣ츳أû츳һЩ
Ҷʱ򷼷Ҳе
еʱ츳δؾǺ¶
Ϊܹóܶ飬ȻҲܹóģͳǵģŸָˣȻҲ֮ͬ꣬ˣԴҲǳգ֮ί۽ƽĻһ۽ƽз˵ͷζҲΪ˱ܿЩͷѡ
۽ƽ֮ĹϵеǻþӶࡣ
۽ƽҪ򷼷δ֪ı죬Թɫ򷼷Ҫ۽ƽǵӰܿЩ鷳¶ǹӮĺ֮
۽ƽ˼ȽϴĿȽԶ򷼷ȻҲ֮ģȴܹƵסͷΪһ򷼷ȻҪһĺջˮô
򱣹ֲɹܣ򷼷»Ƶܣ۽ƽΪ£ס򷼷ܹΪԼ¶ѣͨ򷼷츳õһЩϢ۽ƽˮҪ롣
ˣҲô̵ʱڣͰָӪͬͰһ㣬һ˾һ㣬ƫƫˡ
ˣ۽ƽǳɵش־˴ʵʲͬʱֵֻܹ֤ԼŬȻһġ
ᵽ򷼷ֺô۽ƽŻ򷼷ţרнıڣʱ򷼷ǵһ֮󣬻ʧȥ츳
Ļ۽ƽʧɾ޷ˡ
ڣ۽ƽԸʧȥ򷼷ⷽṩЭ
򷼷Լ۽ƽֵҲܹҶĿ
ϾڹٳҲã̳Ҳգ򷼷츳޼֮
Ҷͱ˲һ
⣬򷼷ͬҲûʲôϵԼ⣬ԶǿģҲЩ˵Ĺͬص㡣
飬ҶԣпޡҶĻشȴǸ˲ͬģ򷼷츳ֱѡӣΪһʼǳԽ˵Уҵĵ·ע˵ģ
򷼷Ҷ浶Ҷû˵򷼷óҶݷͬһ㣬Ƕľ飬ҲĳҶ֪ҶһоٽֳݣȻҲ֮ԴʱҶ˵Ƕúϸ
Ϊŵļ̳ˣҵĵ·ܼ򵥡Ҷɻ˵ֻҪҲɵӣôһһֱֱϣճΪƶߣΪһĺҵӷǳҪӰԶҶԣҪʲôԤԣҵĴڣһ֣
һȷʵ򷼷Ҷޱ𺳣ȻԤϵҶԹȴû뵽ҶݾȻţƣһĻͻе
ѲɣĵȵӣҶ浿һȻҶпҶһʵ򷼷治ɵðֹ
򷼷ı£Ҷ֪֮꣬Ǵ۽ƽĴ򷼷̬ϾܹóԲһ
ʶҶ֮Ҷ浲ŷԭ۽ƽȣҲֻеһͷ߰ˣûصѡ۽ƽȴҲǺе
ԭԼЩһֻ֮һţûмʶĴﰡҶ浴ʱУЩ𶯡
ߣ츳Щ˶ԣĶͣѵõĻԵǶҶԣֻ˵ǿп޵һ־ϲҶǳؿ򷼷۾˵츳һʡܶ¶û츳Ҳܷ¶ΪҵĴڣЧҵġڵԣֻһҪģǾǣҶŮˣ
ҶҶĻɵмɺԼҶŮˣΪʲô˯أͦһʲôҪҲʸİˣأֻܸ˼Ҷ㻥Գ
򷼷ҶĻ۾ģ治֪Щʲô
˺һӣ˶û˵ؾô࿴š
ô˵ô໰ôһӦûУҶڱﲻסˣЩͷҵ뷨Ҳһ˱ʾ˰ɣô޶ԵӣҸе
ҶˣʱЦȻ˵ûйϵ㿴ôˡ
СѾͷһǽѵһĵĸоûУ򷼷Ҷһۣؽѵ
Ҷһ򷼷˵⻰ʱ߲ѵýԴ˷棬飬ȷʵЩ̫ˣǱҶˣҲôΪѰɡ
飬ںܳһζʱڣһֱ򷼷ҶЦ̸ˡ
˵Ҳֶֻ֪ѣ㾿ʲôأ򷼷һǳؼ⡣
ʲô˶֪͸ҸϴͲԼѡˣҶ򷼷޷ۡ
ҵ츳ҵĸо򷼷Ҷش
ðɡҶͬ򷼷һһҲӳȻŻشҶǬ˵ɣӡ
СŮˣʱһ
ҶǬ˭㶼֪ĻǿΪˡ
ȴû뵽ҶȻôıѹ˵ôţư


703 һ׮
ԭҶҵˣֲÿֱ͸ǣ򷼷ͬǷǳԾȻҶͬˣǵ֪ҶǳҶĴ֮ȻԶס𾪡
ʱ򷼷Ҷĵһۣ֪˺иףĻῴϵֹҪˡ
ˣ⣬ǰ޿
򷼷̾˾ҪҶڨһ˵ĻĸԣôȥҶĻ᣿
ֻϾһֱСطûмʶĳ棬ˣҲ۽ƽҵɲѣȻ֪ҶȻ˴ı뵽ȻǳھǵҶңУ
㸸ǣ򷼷˵ҶүӵŮкüλȴ֪Ҷһ֧ģǾѯʵ
ҸҶƽҶͷش
⣬ȴҲûʲôģȻؾ˵ˡ
ίǣίԱҶƽԱ߶Ҷ浣֪ҶƽĴɵøΪ̾
˵ںܶ˵УҶƽͷҪҶǬүӸһЩ
⵹˵ΪҶƽȨ󣬶ΪҶƽͷίԱݣίͷζǸĸ￪ŵĵһ߳УҲǹҪһе쵼ߡ
ΪеһԴ״̬ҶƽҶ֣ȻǺܶŮעĽѾʮҶǬҶүӣȻλȨأڹ͹ӰȴѾ˵ڶ฾Ůͬ־еżˡ
ѹˣ˵ûƽӹôݣҲ㹻ʳǵˣҪ˵ƺ֮ϡ򷼷ˣΪʲôԼһҶ֮һַǳҪȥ뷨ԭΪ˼Ҷȷʵһĸ߹ٸ˧ʵѷѡˡ
ֻʶҶ֮򷼷Ҳʶһ㣬ҶֻȥҪȫץԼУȴǾˡ
ʵ棬ݵˣҲ١ҶŮ˶еʧ֪ԼݶǶԣЩѹģǾ͹ɵ˵ҪȥתһȦҲ֪ʲôˡ
ҶĻӦ˵ǰ٣ֳˣȷʵ٣ûһǧҲٸϸ̵ܹҫޱȵģȴûеڶңûһܹôɫܹ游͸׵ĻԻͣй֮
ʱ̵ҶսĻҪҶүӺҶƽҪḻöࡣ
лĻҪȥתһתˣʼմ߶Ǿ֮ܡ򷼷ҶĻȻ˵ͷͬ
㲻Ѿʧȥ츳𣬾ȥ˾ǣҲǿһȺ競ѣѵó˭ϣ˭һӵùҶЦʵ
򷼷֮ǰ˵飬ʲô֮󣬾Ҳû츳ĻҶЩŵģΪ鱾ͱȽаŶû׼ҪͯͯŮΪģһ˷˹ϵͻȻʧȥ츳Ҳú֡
Ǹ츳ûж򷼷ͻȻЦܵ˵ҸоڶĳЩĸӦˣˮƽˮǴҲ˵ء
㲻Ǹ۽ƽ˵ɶ֮󣬾û츳𣿡ҶЩɵʵ
ƭ𣿡򷼷Ҷһ۵ˣôܰѵһ㣿
ҶˣԼĶͷ
飬Ȩȷʵ۽ƽϡ
Ȼ˵۽ƽ򷼷ԼĿģַչ˶ĽĵλȨƣ򷼷ĴڣҲ˱Ƚϴѹ
˵۽ƽˣһţտʼʱ÷ǳˣʱˣδزһЩ˼ôһλŮһĴڣ˵Ӧһ̬ȥأ
Ȼ϶ǲöԴͨŮ˵̬ȥԴġ
ԭ۽ƽ򷼷Խ󣬾ԽҶʲôð뷨һǵֱͺаŶŮˣʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪
˵۽ƽ֪򷼷пƭȴҲ飬һĻ򷼷츳ĴǷǳġ
Ҳ˵̳ҪԶٷҪ򷼷鿴򣬾ǹٳϵЩթҲеٲά衣
۽ƽܹҵɲкܴһ֣򷼷Ĺͣô򷼷츳Ц
ڣ۽ƽרŹʵıڸ򷼷ǵԼڵʱӣĻͬеʹġ
ҲҶñȽϵȽԣ򷼷˵Ļ֮͸ûʲôǵذƵֱӰѳ֮е򷼷ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰҲ˽򷼷ҲûôˣϾһȽѡϣѡһҵаŮأԸ̰ͼһϦ֮ٵĳ츳
ѡ⣬ȷʵ۽ƽѡҵҶûѡΪʱ򷼷츳¶⵹Ҳʡȥ鷳
ðɣ㿴˵ΣҶͷԼһŮˣҲδؾǻ¶
׶κ˶ԣǲĸӼܣкôġ
˵Ͳȥ̫ˡ򷼷ûͶҶ˵Ҷ˵˱ǱȽϻɬģЩҲȥĻûʲô飬ҾҪй¶زˡ
ôаŶҶˣЩʵ
򷼷˵ͷЩ˸е˵ʵҸ׾Ϊƶ˶ˣؾͲˣȷʵ˵
Ҷ˼䣬Ÿףԭ򷼷ĸ׵Ҳͦģһλ˳̣˼ɻ䣬һֱ˳ͷǴ
֮ǰŮ˺ܶ飬һǲҪΪ鲻쳣ѣҲ׸Լꡣ
㸸׵ʲôҶ飬ЩȤ
˷ɻӵ̡򷼷ش
Ҷˣʱһ˵ĻԼǻˡ
̣Ҳܹ
ûɵһѽΣȴҲһ֮£֮ϵһҪǶ̣ȷʵԼ浱ԼԬ֮ˣֱǲ
ˣûеʱͰԼŪѾˡ
ôֺ۽ƽ飬ô¶Ҷͣһ֮ĵ顣
һιĿģΪҪֺ۽ƽ飬򷼷Ȼˣȴֻ˵ϵ֮á


704 ֪Զ
ôֺ۽ƽ飬ô¶Ҷͣһ֮ĵ顣
һιĿģΪҪֺ۽ƽ飬򷼷Ȼˣȴֻ˵ϵ֮á
ΪֱܵмίԶίеİӣҶȻҪʮֵľģֻһγȻô飬ȻһŮҲȷʵʼδġ
Ҳã򷼷ֵ۽ƽǷǳ˽ģЭҪ۽ƽʲô飬ʵҲ׵úܡ
Ȼ򷼷ûоú֣飬ʱͶҶй˳ŵѾҶܹϵȻǲ˵ˡ
ʵ۽ƽܼ򵥣ֻ˳Ӧʱƶѡ򷼷˵ȴǼҪֻѵʱ䣬ֶѣǻһܣֻҪ̫ҲȫܹȡͬģǸõĳɼ
Ŷô˵ģҶ򷼷ĻЩȤ
ҵʵǸŹҴߵģֻҪڴи˽⣬Ȼܹó۽ƽڽֵʱʵ͹ȵʱʱȻȥǼ˸ãʵȴǼ˸ˡ򷼷Ҷ˵
Ҷˣ˵ͷΪ򷼷˵û
ҵһǹ񾭼õĻ֧ҵҶԸҵķչһֱ߶ӡ
ǽʮҶԸҵͶӴ
ʽͶʹڵĸҵڱȶչҪƷߡ
ӱҵʽܼͲҵͶڳͶʹģͶΪҵ˽ϸߵҵݣԱҵڹȾͱ֤һҵгµͶʻرʾУΪȶص㡣
򷼷Ż˵ҵʵǸҴϵһġ
ҽߣк۵أ˵ѹزгȵȣдʲôģôȻҪ»Ϊ֧ҵĸȻܵӰȽأھ֮ǰѹ
۽ƽ֣ǡǼһõʱ
֮ǰǴھͶģʽͶ뵽˻赱УдĴټʱͨ;Ӹ߲£ԭ϶۸ǣԵǳţֵǰܾͲҪϵ˶ˡ
۽ƽֵʱȻҲܲãձʱôҲǸҵɲżȻ򷼷֮󣬱㾪ΪˣҪ㵽ϣ򱣹ǰΪҪЮҪ򷼷ͷ
ҲǳصģԾƾһ츳в֮۽ƽһΣһäӣҶ򷼷ĻʱͲһų
Ǻǣˡ򷼷Ц˵˵ˣˡΪҸ׵պ֪һҪƭлġҵҲж϶˴ƣȻֻ£ⲿͷ˾޴ı仯ҵʼ˿ҲþˡǺǣһսʱͱڵŵ
Ҷ˵ͷô¶ʲôʱʼתֵģ̰ۿյıжǷҲ
һҪ˳۽ƽĻͱյ㹻֤ݣԼתľ֣ĻӾͲܰʵʵ
ҶȻǴӦԶǣҪ۽ƽİӣȻֻһҪӰίеһ䰸
٣ǲӵУʲô̫Ե©ġ
ܼ򵥣Ҵȥһطȫˡ⣬ƺ򷼷ûʲôԥģ̾ʹӦҶ
ţ򷼷˵һ䣬ҵĹ۲죬ڵķֿˣƷŵеൽ꣬Ҫȡĵڷʽˣʱ򣬸ҵֲ̫ùˡ
ͣһ£˵Ǻǣ˵۽ƽ˵˵ͦ˼ģڸʱǸҵ˥ʢʱ¶ˣҵҲҪʼӶ͹ˣǺ˼顣˵ʱ򣬻᲻кܶλָһأ
ҶˣʱЦЦȴûж˵ʲô
򷼷㣬Ǹеһ˿ȣҲܹ϶򷼷㣬˶ھŸһĶȻܹ˾׼ؿδľơ
ݶȷʵҶеǳ𾪡
Ҷļ䵱ʾ꣬Ҳ1994ԺŹҲȡĺ۾ߣҵⲿг˽ϴı仯ģβƷǼԼ˹ɱأʹҵӯˮƽ½
1994ҵʵ260Ԫ֮1996꣬ʵ30ԪеĲ࣬ʿ֪
ҲΪҶζǳŻ򷼷ƶϣǳӡ
ԸԣҲȫ޻ģΪĿǰӸֲĹϿڵ߲ġǸ֡͸ֵƷ֣ѾֳƽԴ״̬ǰķ棬ĿǰвȫԸ㣬ⷽȱڱȽϴÿ궼֮࣬δﵽǧֵľ޴ȱڡ
δķչİҪȱڵľ棬ǲдĸĹ۵ģҲΪָתͻṩ˺ܺõĻᡣ
һиֳͶĿ϶ɫĵȷģҶŻиֳδϣΪѡķǶˣӲѹһ֦㣬Ϊڸеһ⡣
ڵ֣Ȼųϵȴ֪δƻηչ
ҶΪһίǣھ÷ָȨȷʵСҲĻ
ҪһҵǺ׵ģҪ֤һҵ٣˭ҲеǳΪѵģϾҵͬҪҶԣѰ
Ҷ򷼷˷ǳȤŮˣ֪أԶѣǲ˵ء
ߣֻԾƵĳ˿úõһ£ҲԼһ
ôǲھʹȥǸǳҪĵطҶ룬򷼷Լ뷨
ҶԱ߶ôãһĵˣʱҶȻôغ򷼷ΪҲһͰѸճȥķ³
˵ܲܲҪô飬ҵĺθڡҶ浽е
ȻҶҲãҲգûаѾͷҶ海
򷼷վһǳŵƣȻҶ˵ɣҶǣ㿴Ľ⡣
⣿Ҷˣʱһ£֪λڸˣʲôǹ
򷼷Ҷͨڵһר߽ͨһӺһǳȵҶ۾Ҳһ£ЩƮ
̸ܣöĽӰ


705 ؽ
ӣҲǴ˵еģ»ƵǼ˶֪ǳ۽ƽ򷼷֮⣬˭ҲûнȥǼӡ
Ҷ浣Ҳֻ֪ӵĴڣֻʱǼһֱŵģкķţһȫյ֡
ʵ濴ţǴ򲻿ģǸǼٵģȻܹתԶܴ򿪡򷼷ҶҶ˵ǽȴŸ˿Ҳߵ档Ϊŵĺ棬һǽʲôûС
ļưҶ֮󣬾һ䡣
Ȼеˣ֪۽ƽӦǮģǾǮǲصͺ˵ˣȻ˵»Ƶôһ䷿ӣƺЩΣҲֻ뵽棬ЩŹֵġ
ǵҪӵĴŵʱ򣬾ͻַᷢǳѡ
һ߼ƶϣԽԴ򿪵Ĵű󣬾һԽҪĶ˵Ǯ˵۽ƽܵȵȣԴԽ޷ţԽǻƶᡣ
ǵͷǰŸҲֻܷԼԵģֻһǽ
Ľҳ˴֮⣬ҲûʲôƢϾ㲻ܸһǽôֻзӺͲǵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ǽĺ棬Ĵһ⡣
ϧǣڣȴĵط򷼷İ칫棬Ǹռǽ棬ȻأԳɶ졣
»ƵƵʱ򣬾ͻһЩ˼ġ򷼷Ҷǽ͵ǿԷ֣һķ䣬ʵеܲΪԭ򣬼޽һСļв㷿䣬Ҳδؾܿʲô
ӾԭˡҶ֮Щ벻ǾȻĴ⡣
ʵҲ㲻ʲôŴŶݼףʵܶǶڿռʱãҲССһ¶ѣⷽĸˣһ۾ܹó򷼷Ǻǫرʾв㷿ߡ
ҶһۣŮӹЩŵģѵõȻЩͳĻôȤѧɣһԣҪЩݼ׷⣬ǲ׵ģΪǶԴͳ˼άһսǳԽ
ڽв㷿֮ӳģǼȥǳʵĸֹӣԼذڷЩּģһש
жٽשأҶûüϸȥǺܶˡ
Ļƽ۸˵ǱȽϱ˵ġ
ǰãҼίвŸոշһڵƽۼ۸й֪ͨڻƽչ۸й涨նҡϡ֡ûƽ𣬺90ģÿ50.80Ԫչ9099.9ģÿ51.20Ԫչ99.999.99ģÿ51.60Ԫչ99.99ϵģÿ52Ԫչ
ڿƽұԼ55Ԫչġ
Ȼˣƽۼ۸ͱȽϸˣҵýƷýҲ֣һ˾Ҫ80Ԫˡ
Ҷϸһ洢Щש϶һǧеĽש
չ۸һžңۼ۸ߴһ
ҶЩשǧؼֵң佻׵Ļܹ߹ڶࡣ
ⶼ۽ƽĻҶЩӲӵĽש֮ҲɵЩ㵡
ϾǼˣ޷ǼûдôĽשѣһ֮£Щ⡣
ǳĹһשļֵ֮󣬾ͷʵҲڵӣڶϰԪҶҶٶԣ㲻ʲô¶ˣǾ͵ת۽ƽ
ߣ۽ƽҲ⣬һΪҸ˵ýӸס˵Ļ⼸һֱǳ򷼷Ҷ͵ĿʼΧҶתתȥ
ӸտʼҶ߽һֱڣ򷼷ڹ۲Ҷı顣
Щط֣ҶһʼʱЩԾ⣬沢û¶ʲô̰𺳵飬еǳѵá
Ҫ֪˶ĽשܹȻԵˣ̫ˡ
ͿźҶ浣۾ѾֱˣͲûв¹
ƽŮջ֮ô˵ջ͸Ҫ˵ˣֶһԴȪ
ˣȻᣬȴʵǿ£Ӷ޷ı־ʲôܹסǰĲأ򷼷УɵЩп
֪ҶУƿ԰ǧԪľ޴ƸĻҲͲĸпˡ
Ϊ˼ҶҶ٣ʵǿСǮѡ
ղ¶ĶɻҲеԾԾ۽ƽǴôĽשѣϾڶڻƽĿƿǱȽϸģƽ۸ȻԽϵһЩȴǺ˳ġ
۽ƽܹӴĻƽȷʵ˼⡣
⣬Ҳֻս۽ƽ֮Է֮󣬲ܹʳˣΪ򷼷Ҳⷽ飬۽ƽ˽ܡ
ôһƽĻҲܾ֤۽ƽġҶ˵
ƽģ沢ûд۽ƽ֣дˣҲ֤ʲô
Ҫס۽ƽ̰۵ƾʵݣȻͱõ˱֮ĶĻǽЩƽչѣϾ߶һع⣬˭Ҳҳƽǵġ
۽ƽ£ϲѱ򷼷ĻشȴҶеʧ
û뵽۽ƽ˰¶ô̰۲£̰֤ݣץס˰ѱͳԲ˶ˣ۽ƽˣЩˮ˸ˣҲԸմһ˿ķա
ԸˣҶȷʵǸеЩͷʹ
ΪͷĿȽϻңôòģһӣרҴΪ߷ȨܹרĹҵҲһЩⷽķȨʵ飬ǹһ֣ҵ϶һԾŶģкܶʱ򣬶һ˾ܶ顣
ôһֻܶԼŻŵ
۽ƽ߶ȻҲһһˣֻԼŻȷʵ޴ӵ֪
öһˡҶ򷼷ķţʱüͷ
򷼷ȴ˵Ҫ۽ƽ˵ȻףҪ֤ƽйϵȷʵǳ򵥵ġ
ŶҶˣʱЩȤæʵѵ˵ʲô취ɣ
ܹ֤۽ƽƽйϵôʰɣҲ㹻ˣǳʲôԭ۽ƽû㹻ɣôĻƽϹϵɣ
һ㹻һӶڼȥʡˡ
㿴ɡ򷼷ҶȻһЦȻ׼
Ů˰ϻжأҶҡҡͷ


706 򷼷ʾ
ܣǹڸڵб棬Ŀ齫һݺ͵۽ƽǰ
°ɡ۽ƽͷȻ򷢳ȥ
ое̤ʵƺҪʲôһֻҲûʲôֵעɡ
ֱϣŽӵϢ˵мίԱֵĹвרС
ʱ۽ƽЩȻԭӦˡ
ʵϣһļ飬۽ƽͼˣҲһӦķʲôΪѵġ
һεʱʡί飬ҲڣҪһ㣬ܲҲ׾ٵظ
Щ˶ԣ޷ǾַһǲƣһƣҪôǮ㶨Ҫôϼ㶨жַȻ򵥣ȴ飬Ӧ顣
ģֻʡίмίͷѡ
ܵľʵмίֻƹ󣬲ԱʾһҪʡίĹԱʸ߳
˱ҵʵǲģֻλòͬˣ˭˭߹һЩҲ˭һЩ
ֻмίĺ˲飬ҲеǵģΪǻǮ֣ұ˰ѹô׵ġ
ϾļͼɲͲǷƣٶˡ
Ҫһ⣬Ҫ٣ѾǱȽϼѣ㹻ܵóԸԣֻݣ׼ȻҪвҲѡ
ԣʡίԣмίĹԱǺѶԸģΪҵǵͻƿڡ
ץͷ˺ܾãҲûܹǲߵĺ⣬ҲֻýȥôҶԼĹҪץס˰ѱ
ǲʲôĻܵ浹ǺܵģϾ˷棬ľӪ£ѾǵӦ֣ˡ
ȻˣҲһƣȫΧڣձ鲻ѵ£һ֦㣬ɧ󼸸ڵĳɼȷʵܹΪ۽ƽ֤׵һ֤ݡ
̰٣ֵľ޶ӯǴģ۽ƽѾԼļ֤ʣһ仰Լǳ
һӣְֵļ߲㣬Ҫֵĸˣг칫ҵһЩҪ˶˹һСᣬͳһһ˼롣
ݷҲҪ׼ѷˡ۽ƽֱݵĸ˸Ҫ󣬡Ӵ׼չ涨ĲһҪ꣬ھϿһЩ򣬼ȲҪ̫ˣҪ˾ǰһⷽмңƯһҪע⣬Ȼ˼ëģǷԱԲ˿ĶԿҪӰţķ쵼Ǹܵ˵ͺÿ͡
ǣˡݵĸ˸ˣͷȥ֮ԱǴָܵʾһ䵽ʵ
ǴҵڲǿЦģʽǳԣֵıҲǴλӭĹǳ߶ĳӶǹһʦмؼʦһǼƵ궼Ҫߡ
ⷽģ۽ƽ±ǮģΪֻ˼ҳˣ˼ҵŻãˣë뷨Ͳôǿˣ֮ĻԿԽأЩ˵ĹԽҲԽ鷳
ֵס𣿴𰸿϶Ƿ񶨵ġ
۽ƽڽӴһ÷ǳã̬һҪãһҪܵԭϲͻƵ֮⣬һжǹԱ˽һЩȽϹֵҪ۽ƽҲõµ˾㶨
еʱ򣬼ڹԱûҪ£Ҳ׽սϳ֣ӶԷǵĺøС
ǰʡίһֳ飬֮Ͼȥ֣ɨƣŪûͷģҿܵ˼ʱϵǸ˳ȥ
ͶұһεļȻͲݲճ֮
Ƶ飬۽ƽĺֵܶ࣬ȡ˺ܴ֮Ӧĸּź͹֮ͬ꣬Ҳ壬ֻһδλΣΣƸ֡
ͳһ˼֮۽ƽ˽ɢȻ
ʵеʱ۽ƽҲڿ̰⣬Լûʲô
ͬĳв٣ǾӪôõģȴֻһңĳʲôǾͺ˵ˣӯƽУУƲҲС
Щҵ쵼ѵ˵ûʲô𣿰ѳӸӣԼƨ¶ûУ컹ܹ۰Ͱ͵ľȼùӣƲҲҪû׼컻طȥ쵼ˡ
龫ǣò׽ֵҵڱ˿Ʋǰ£ÿ괴켸ڵϽɹң۽ƽ
˵Եõʲô¶Щ˵ҵ˹ˣ󣬹˰գʲôʲô
۽ƽӦÿԴЩǲǶӦµˣ
ĲƽȣĪڴ˰
ֻôһʾ۽ƽȻЩͺҪʲôһֵĸоǷǳɵЩĪһ¶
˼۽ƽڲͨ򷼷ĵ绰
ô绰ˣ绰棬򷼷ɡ
һŮˣ۽ƽ˵ûеҲǲܵģȻʮˣⷽȻǳʢ⼸ЧǳãܣȻҲȱŮͶͱ
Ƕ򷼷۽ƽҲŮ˴ãܺ׻
۽ƽֵ֮еĲԽǿң򷼷ܹã͸ˡ
ǳʲô飬ֻҪ򷼷΢㲦һ£۽ƽʱͻлȻʵĸоȻͽֵһɨ⣬˳˳ˮȥ
һΣ۽ƽͬϣܹõ򷼷ָ㣬Σ
ϾһιĲмίʡίмί˵еĴڰ
뵽飬۽ƽҲɵÿЦԼһҵɲǸոģȻܹмίҲǹҫˡ
ܣһ²Ҫָ㡣۽ƽʰһ飬򷼷˵
飬ܲˡ򷼷ƺԥһ£Ȼ˵ܲҲܲеĽ
ô˵۽ƽˣʱһ֪򷼷ôһ˵
һؿڣܹȥĻԺ޺֮ǣȥĻһгɾͽԳӰ򷼷ش
ƽ֮۽ƽ֮ʵ
ȻǽȻûƽ֮򷼷˵
ʲô۽ƽæ׷ʵҴܣҲĳˣʱһҪҰ
ҲգΪһҶ仨÷֮ףΪ֮ɡ򷼷˵֮󣬾͹˵绰


707 Ъ˵
Ҷ仨ʲô˼۽ƽ˵绰дġཡæʱסˡ
ӡУ򷼷ǷǳģҸָԽʱҲһѪǳ׼һξȻ͸¶β˵ôе˺ܴѹ
Ϊǵǰ򷼷˵ʱ򣬾ͱʾƶϱ˵˵ʵ£ǻ⵽Ǵģ׾һӡ
ԣһʦڸ˳̵ʱǻ˵һЩȽ޵ĻЩǷܹ⣬ǾԼˡ
Ͼʮðյ飬һãҶ
Ƚ޵ԴǾ԰ȫˣôԼ飬͸첻㣬һ·Ҫǲ²͸ĻǾϵùҲԹñˡ
򷼷Ҳ˵һ㣬ǿ׷ʵĻǶһΣҲ㲻һΣոˡ
飬򷼷֮䣬Ҳɲ۽ƽ
Ҫľǣû˵۽ƽĵһ顣
ҶӶˣôῪأ绰֮۽ƽԽˣֹţȴôҲ벻ף򷼷˵Ļʲô˼
˵ֻʲô˼ҶЩؿ򷼷ΪʲôҪ۽ƽͬʱָһõĻ֮
Ȼġ򷼷ش۽ƽ־ǱȽϼᶨģҵ֮ŲɣΪһֱûгҪ״Ķ־ʵʵ㣬ֵ⣬Ҫ׻ĲС
㽻ҵЩϣѾܹˡҶʾ
Ĳ˵ǸؽߣֵԪĽשԸ۽ƽȻˣҪֵ⣬ͱ۽ƽڣϾ򷼷ԣ۽ƽؽ֪ġ
˵󲿷򷼷ֻ֪۽ƽͬһЩ쵼ĹϵѣȻˣ¹ϵȴǱȽϾ۽ƽθɲ֮ǰ϶ҪȥһԷǷܹ
۽ƽһ֣İסҶЦŶ򷼷˵
Ҵûв뵽ľ鵱С򷼷ʾǮҲҳ»Ƶܾõı꣬۽ƽûֱӹϵ
㵹ǽƻҶͷ
ⲻԶѣ̸ʲôƻ򷼷ʾ˲ͬ
Ϊһܹ͸󲿷˵Ůˣ򷼷Ȼ֪ôܹȫԼԽе鶼Ʋһɶ
ң۽ƽڵõ֮󣬲ûй¶ֺ֪ĵϸˣǾ޽Уҵĸ֪ģΪ¶ȥһԶǼĽˣҶԸ
򷼷Ҷ̹Լ飬ҶҲ޷Ȼı¡
û¶е⣬ҲֵסҶ򷼷˵ôһ䡣
ҴȥŷתһȦٻʡø鷳򷼷Ȼ˵
ŶҶ֮Ҳе
ô˵򷼷ݣеôģ۽ƽİӣôܾܿͻУԼ۽ƽף򷼷ᱻӴϣһòȷʵڸ
򷼷뷨Ҷһ˲仹еˡ
̧ͷʱ򣬾Ϳ򷼷еһ˿ΣʱҡҡͷҪ˵Ļˣ㶼סϻͰĵͿˣʱͳ棬ʱ˭Ҳǿʲô
򷼷ҶĻЦ˳óзǳˡ
ðɣҳҺܿģ˻ŵĸоеܰůġ򷼷Ҷһ£Ц˵
˵ģڹؼʱҪеô׾ͷ㣬ָܸͬͬ£Ҷ˵
Ȼ˵򷼷ǰȥܻЧǳȥ֮һݣ֮ǰ鶼ѿģôһ򷼷棬δӰΪҶؼʱ򣬲ûֵס
еﶼǿסģҪĻжһҶҪĻͲô׵ˡ
ҶķӦȻȥȽϴ壬򷼷ȷʵ˵ģΪȻһرŮӣȴҲϣܹܵ˺ǻĸо
֮Ҷͬ飬ô򷼷δʧΪзˡ
Ҷ˲һ㣬ͺܲ˵򷼷ƨһ£ĵһеԹؿҶ
ƨɸ򷼷ʵ
ˣ۶ѵһ㻹𣿣Ҷһݺݵ˵
˵ţһѽ򷼷§˹Ȼ󰴵ԼĻ棬ظԲ̵ƨɣ£ԺٸҸˣ۶ֱӰ˿Ӵƨɣ
ˣĲˡ򷼷ͷҶЦҲ
ʱмίļͬ־͸Ҷ˵绰˵ѾǣѯҶʲôָʾ
ȻˣȥдЪһ죬ȻַϵһЩʱһȥǻϡҶ̾Ͱ˹
мί߶ӵǸ˳ܰ
ǵĹԻǺܸߵģĸɲʱһ֮ҶӦ⡣
ֻҪкʵĻᣬмίҶİҲãǳȥʡгмίҲãǺܲѡ񣬽·ǳ״ͨˣҲɨ˼ϵϰ
ʵϣмίһϵжУ˳ܰ˺ܶĹģҶλϼͼɲҲǳأƽʱôܾ飬˳ܰмί֧š
Ҷģ޷Ǿṩһ֧֣Լ˼·ĵ㲦ȵȡ
ϾֵµҲһ쵼סѹ쵼߳ҵ
Ҷⷽ棬úܺãѹǿףؼʱסӣҪôһλ쵼Ĳס
Ҷ˳ܰڵ绰нһӣһճţȻŹˡ
Ϊʲô»Ƶأ߶ķһġ򷼷ʵڸոͻ˹ϵҶеĸо
϶סдȽϺʣĻȺڻҶЦЦô᲻Ұ
һɡ򷼷ûзϣ۾ˮģĶһ
ҲãȰιˣȥ̸Ҷ⸱ӣʱҲЩȣ־Ͱϱ
ѽɲСҶôһжǰ򷼷һҲ˻˻ûкأ·رܣЪ˵
˵ЪЪǺûӣ㲻֪Сֵܺ𣿡Ҷʱǣ򷼷һ
ҪȻҰҧ򷼷ץץǶеܻӭʵ


708 ·
ҪȻҰҧ򷼷ץץǶеܻӭʵ
ҶˣͲסֱӰ򷼷˵
ҶǵĶǺǿģڼԭûмŮĸʴ£ϵ
˸ɴ͸򷼷칫ҵشһ߶ɹ̫һ߶Ҳùò
мҶһΣЩǲǿԷųˡ
ǶЩʲô·˵ҶɣҶԴ˱ʾ˻ɡ
˵ǰŰ⼸˷ųǾҵĻͶˣ
Լİȫв飬ҶǾƲȥɵġ
ҶĥӲ˰죬Ҳû˵Ҷɵý򷼷ͷϣҪ˵仰
򷼷Ҳû˵ʲôֻ˵ΪҶ߶ãǶؼȽϺʣȵ۽ƽˣٰǷųҲ٣޷ǾǶͿˡ
ò׼÷ò˲ͳ򷼷Ҷ˵
򷼷ԸԼ˵Ҷ浵Ĳˡ
ǲ𰡣˼򷼷ҶĴͲͬˣԼûҶĴԾûǣ֪ôҲҪ򷼷油ԱҪǰˣҲͷʹˡ
ûĺûᣬԼ͵͵ҶĴƺҲǷǳѵġ
СѾͷЩɵ÷ǳƣҲûʲô취ֻԹԼ˶ĥû򷼷һڹˡ
㣬˵ͬŮˣҲòôûϲأҶվڴ羰Ҷ浾͵򷼷ѯʵζ
Ǻǡ򷼷ȻóҶ浵Щʲô뵽Լ飬һȻ˵ҺȻһһ죬ʯʷǶʯͷƾʲôĤȴ˼̤ˣЦֻĵͳʯףȴǧвֽģɹҪĥѰ
ҶƽʱǺЩµģҲ֪Ϊʲô֮ȴһ뵽ǰӣСʱĿѾͲ˵ˣˣȻʣҲ˿˵ò׿ྡȴȻ˵֪˶ĥѡ
ˣ㣬лл㣡Ҷ浵Ȼø򷼷ϺһڣȻŻعͷһãȻҶ˸߸˵˳ȥ
ѾͷʲôҶ˵
ǺǣСѾͷĶˣԹûĴ򷼷Եرʾ
٣¶Ҷֹһ䣬ûгϣҲûзϣҶ浵飬û̫뷨
ϾҶǣΪ椵ģǵһλġ
򷼷Ǹ⣬ҿᣬҲȷʵԼ˺ܴķ㣬ˣҶҲôɵ»Ƶ꣬Ϸϳˡ
̫ɽʱҶ緢شž뿪»Ƶ꣬ϸдȥͬ˳ܰмίԱϡ
Ҷǣ߶óٰЩп˵
ʱöǳĸ߷ڡ
͸⿴ȥܹõɫ
󲿷ˣǶгӶ࣬ĦгҲ٣ԿóеˮƽǱȽϸߵġ
Ǿ·εʱ򣬾ͷһβΪİµϳͻȻ֪ճһͷײǰһλгˡ
ҵɲԶüžͿλ˴гϷ˳ԶԶ䵽ʮԶ·ԣʡ¡
Ҳ̫ˣˣɵֹһ
ĳ⳵˾˾˵ĳ˵׼λ쵼أ㿴ɣƨ¶ҲûУһ¾ˡ
ƺΪ֤һ³⳵˾ĻԷ飬̾ǼǶûУֻʺһ°µϳĳͻַˡ
λˣǵҲûвܲˣϵҽԺļȳ¹ֳ֤ߵĸ֪ͨʲôģһҲû
˰ɣǾˣ˿ġ⳵˾˵һȻͷΪȻô˵Щ׵⼸ˣƺҪȥдģû׼˼ҼҲǸɲţԼô˵еˡ
Ҷˣüͷû˵ʲô
ǵĻ϶ҪϲģⲻǣǣҲҪˣȻΪ飬ӰĿǰҪ
Ȼ룬ǷԸһ䣬ĳŸ֮ٿλʼնû¶ĳǺηʥ
˵ҶݽмίǵĻȻûȨǵָֻţǴʱܵԶǵίУмίɸɲݾͲͬˣǵ飬Ҳʲô⡣
ңⱾֻһС¶ѡ
ݼίԭ򣬸ίͬί׼İȨ飬ۺʹֱı䣬Ҳɼί顣
ϼί¼ίίϼί¼ί׼İȨ飬ۺʹֱı䣬Ҳ¼ίί顣
ǣϼίҪı¼ίľҪͬί׼ġ
ϼίίΥͰĴ¼ִ֯᳹СвͬϼίίǣϼίίûиıԭʱִֹͣУԾִܲеҪ׷йԱΡ
ⷽҶҪ飬һ£Ⲣ
˵ҲļͼɲֻίǺгһѸǸְλĹԱǣȷʵһѹûС
쵼ľǱȽͬģȻһС£ҷУ쵼ҲûĮȻ֮ǱʾһĹעͱ쵼̬ȣǷǳͨ˵ġ
ȻҶĳܸߣǴӸȷʵΪͨϰıģܶλĻԱǲͬģǿڿ˵ͣǴûаԼˣǰ񵱳ˡ
ӵ·жʮӣžͿдͣ
ǳȥȻָҶ˳ţ
˾ڳ濴ϡ棬˵λӦö࣬ŵλҪһЩû뵽𱰵˳ǽȻ෴ͦ˼ġ
Ҷ˳⳵˾֮󣬾߽дԺӡ
߶ԺӺܴͩܽȵȣߴӣͷˣԺ֮󣬾һש̾͵еһֱͨǰдС¥ԼаٶԶ
ôԺӰҶˣɵóһ
ôԺӣڴ򣬿ѵõĺܣǼƤļֵһʲСǮˣҪ˵ĽϾûгġ
дԺҪǸƵĻһüǮҶˣ˵һ䡣


709 
Ҷûֱ߽ͣд档
ʾ֤֮д߶æµǰŷ䣬ͬʱֿʼ֪ͨ쵼дΪ֪ͨһѾͬǡ
дææµµ龰Ҷ˵߶Ķҵ񲻶࣬һС¶Ҳھæӡ
ҲüҶǣ֪»ƵǱ߶ˣʳסҪһЩ
ΪҶľԱˣľζҲУģܵͣڸ۽Ҳ㹻ҶʱеԸ
ദһζ֮еԾˣҶĸоȷʵһ
쵼ӣԺǰ޿ġ
Ȼˣдѣܲܰյסȫ˵Ϊˡ
ҶĲ²ⲻд߶ƽʱ治չҵҲΪ쵼Ƿģ˲Կڵϼ쵼ˣסһ£˵ҵȷʵࡣ
󲿷쵼дͼһӹ̶ѣ˵ԵúãסúãҪǵļ˽ӪƵΪġ
һǣҲѡ»ƵľƵꡣ
һ仰˵סдģᱻڵĸɲΪװƵġ
ֻҶݼеˣ߹٣ίǺгƽͬʱмίɹ鸺ˣר۽ƽһġ
дͽӵ֪ͨ˵ǿһλҪӹؾýӴ
ҶĴ˹ˣдæˡ
ʵҲýܣֻмί֣ʵ̫󣬶ڴ쵼ɲԣ壬ͺ˵ĻͷաһͨǿϵģҪŪͻŪ졣
˭ҲϣԼĵ̶ϳ֣ĳˣǿɾǴ鷳֪Ǿǳ˭ģ
һε飬¹ֵܣܸ쵼ǵĹϵֲһĺãҶеĸɲǣһЩԲġ
ֻǴ绰ȥǱ߶ѯʱ۽ƽҲû˵ʲôȻֻ˵û¶ľʲˡ
Ҷǣô͹˰
Ҷոʰ˳ܰǵ
ǳһͼ˳ܰͼλûмͬ־һˣʮˡ
ǣǵ֪Ŀ죬ŷźҶǰȥ˳ֵܰȻͽĿתЩͬ־ͷʺá
Ҷǣ⼸λмίͬ־˳ֽܰǼλʶͬ־ΪҶ
Ҷ˵ͷԷһһʺãȻϸ˳ܰǵְʲôģǱ˴ʶһ¡
мί߶ˣͷһĸɲҲȽᣬʮ꣬ҶȽȻûˡ
˽˼ȥе쵼ͷΪ˵ʹһ˿ưеƲ˵ӣûΪҶôѾԱηеɵӡ
ҶǺᰡǶʮӡ˼ţҶֻжʮֻ꣬۶ѡ
ǺǣպöʮꡣҶԴֻɵĿϰΪˣΪشһ䡣
˼ˣɫʱЩ仯еҲ׶ʮͳĸɲǸʲô˼
Ҷˣ˼̲סһ䣬ȴڲ²⣬λҶǾʲô·
֮ǰܵԶǵĽӼģ쵼ˣӼһĸɲҲƸˣ˼ܹ裬һεԼԣһĺûᡣ
ϾԶԹע˵İӣúãȥʱ򣬻ǻҪһµģԼҲٴαֵĻᡣ
ǵУ˼ǿ֮ŵĻǨȻͲ÷ˡ
Ϊмίĸɲչ·ӲǺܿõ;Ȼһ·ǨѶ̫˼룬ȴǳɵ飬÷ųȥĳʡļί֮ĹְȰѼȥ
õĻ͵طҲϣģ᲻࣬ĻһļͼɲҲвٺõĻѡġ
ԣһεİӣǳӣҲ˺ܶصϣҪһ۽ƽԴΪ֮ס
ֵܴ˼ĵһӡﵽĿǲձġ
ϧǣǶ˵һγһеļίǣ˼ЩƲ֣ԼʧȥһΰӵĻᣬʧʵǺܴ
˼Ҷ;òǸζҪһӲźá
˵ҶȻŶʮˣвɵ֣ôԲʲôƽյĳ̫ˣ
ҶʲôˣȻܹó˼Լ鸺˻ЩģϾĸɲطĸɲǼһЩҲһԽУþ
ֻҶеĿȷģҲϣ̫鷳û˼ŹֳɣںǾ͸ɴˡ
ǾˣҶǬͬ־游Ҷرʾ
һӣ˼һλͬ־Ҳˣɵ¶˱ȽϾнı
˳ܰҲǵһҶӦɵôΪ𾪡
ʵеĹٳ棬һֱڲ²Ҷݲ򵥣Ļôͳмίǣһġ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ȻǶ׳ҶǬүӵӣȷʵôҶе˺ܴѹ
ԭҶϵġֲô㡭˼ȷʵŵòᡣ
ҲеëҺ˼Ҷһ˹ϵҶ˼ȽһĻ¶͸¶ȵڹϸ˼Ťһ£һεĹͣ˼Ҳû˿İ취
ϾҶϵӱǲΪ
Ǻǣ̸ʲôģֻһŻƤʱȽϷѡҶĿĴﵽҲûаʲôӣֶ˵߶Ҳ̫ãҳȥѣһлҵģܹһҲԵ֡
ôҶƷѣӦŶԡ˼̱ʾ
Ҳ׷׳ǣҶĿⶼģȻǶλӵܳ˸뷨ܻ죬ҲǲģԺ˵Ҳܹ˵һҸ˭˭˭һս湲µġ
һһεϵþһһˣиʲô˽˵ҪæģҵҶǲҲһ仰ô
Щ߰飬ҵ涼ͦ˷ܵġ
Ҹո棬ҶҲôɨˣֱӾ͸̸ǾһôűȽ塣
˵֣д߶ܹ˵гݷù쵼ˡ
롣Ҷ˵ͷ


710 г
гʮɲӦ˵긻ǿ
Ͼڹڣڴ󲿷ֵɲƽ䶼߶֮ϣѾ࣬Ѿһߵʱ򣬾ͿԵˡ
ʵ꣬е徭÷չǲģǰ۽ƽͣûгΪҸв˺ܴĹףǶеľ÷չ˺Եá
ЩȽϸߵֳ߼Ƶ꣬и䣬϶֧ŵģ̸Щѡ
û֧ţеľҪʮٷֵġ
ɲСʮٷֵ㣬ϾǷܹڸֵܵбȽϵʱʤȫʮٷֵˡ
ⲻһιгȷʵЩüͷ
ҲΪʲôԭ򣬶һмίĹȷʵȽϵġ
ֶе壬ѾһӮȺ׵ĴҵĳѾΪо÷ٷչķš
⼸дֵķչлǳԣӰҲǳؼ
˵һܹƽȵķչٶȣôҪıһϣǺܴġ
ʡĹϵѾͨòˣǸʡɲΣȻʡ˵оеģͨ鲿Ǳ߶ͷС
Ϊ飬ҲķѲ˲ԽۿſеüĿˣȴмίͻȻôһ飬Ҫֵ⣬ееͬʱҲ衣
ΪгֵȻȽ˽⣬Ҳ֪۽ƽ˶רУҲеĺܶɲǽãüȻܹͬҵձ鲻ǰ£ܹÿϽڵ˵۽ƽܸɣҲʲô̫⡣
Ļÿڵ󣬾Ǵðģ
ĵ飬龿ʲô˸ģʱ飬ǵĵͷϣȻ˵гֲûʲôԼһֱʲôش̰¼ôҪϽгȻҲʲôϢ
ѵ˵Ϊг۽ƽ⣬ûһ
뵽⣬ܲһ£ǷԼĶͷģ
ʡλþôٵļܹκһȡλõ˸ȥĶǣҪ顣
ؼʱ̣ųͻȻº֣һ¡
ҲҪ̫ѾֻҪܹʹӣ޷Ŀľʹﵽˡ
ϾʡĽ죬Ҳô̶̵ļѡ
ǣ⼸鶼ǱȽϸӵģ˵СĸˣȻҪڵһʱϹݷãһǱʾĳ⣬ͼļ֧֣һҲҪ̸һ̸ʵһ۽ƽǷʲôϣһĥһ£һε¼ǷԼصӰ졣
ĳд棬鳤һ˽
г鳤дֱӹϽŵģ鳤ҲдĶͷ˾Сɽ˵ܹ֮̾ˡ
мίͬ־Ѿ˶ã˵Сɽھʵ
߶쵼ǣǳд¶ģΪ߶Ƚ徲ڵСɽϤֱӾҲûпʲô
ʵΪһ֮ҲûбҪһдʲôôʵ̫ݶˣǶԷȷʵЩ˲һı
˲ãԼСʱһءСɽǺ̾ͻشˡ
ʵϣԴ쵼飬СɽͱȽģ֪ЩĸɲǲܵҪɴүԴС
Ϊ¶д滹רŽӸʰһ飬Ȼ˵濴ʲôŵǴڲװ޺ͷʩѾǼݵı׼ˣȷʵܲס
˵棬ҲҴƵĴϣҶסڼ䣬Ǹźˡ
Ҫ֪Ҷѹûƻ߶סĻͻᰧ̾һε׼ӵ˰ˣϾ쵼ǵ˼ȷʵò²⡣
Ȼˣг֪ŬҪģϾֹˡ
λôʵ
Ȼû˵ǵСɽȻ֪гʵ˭˹ĸˣ˿϶ǵӵġ
λҶǣмίǣĸɲмίرίֲ鴦ĸˡСɽܵλҶñȽ׶֤ʵֻжʮ꣡
ʲôˣʱͣ˽Ųһ㵵ؿŵСɽòʵûпɣôô᣿
гôῴСɽЦ˵Ҳһϸ˺ü飬λҶȷʵģǱ˶ǳأмίǼλɲźүһмίǼλ֮ǰƺеΪȻǺֹȥһεģͷҲ쵼һϹϾģҪ֪мίǱ߶ӵ쵼ҲǸɲˣ˼ǰǷġ
ţ֪ˡˣȻЩ֣ǵ˵ͷֶԵСɽ˵һ䣬С¶ġ
Сɽ쵼仰ʱĻŭţĵгڿ϶ԼĹǸ¶
鳤ڵСɽ£ҶڵԺӣͼҶѾ߶˹
ӭӭ̾ʹ˹һ̬УҵҶǣæӭȥӭҶǺλ쵼ݰǡ
г̫ˣǹҶ֣ͬʱҲһλгͼҳʲô
ҶͬʱҲڴҶ
ֻ˶ЩʧˣûдӶԷ淢ʲô쳣Ǿ͹һЦЯ߽˷档
鳤ֺ͵Сɽˣһ˽ȥ
зԱˮ͵ġɹ˽׼һЩصСԵʲôģдķǳܵ
Ϊ˱ʾԼĳ⣬СɽдƯСԱǶˣ߰˸СﴩһмææȥģŪͬ־ǶеۻңоԼ˸ߵKTVŶ
ίȥ˾ѧϰҪܸϻˡһͶҶ˵绰һҪдøλ쵼ǧҪΪϵĲ㣬Ӱ쵽
Ǻǣллгתǵл⡣ҶҲ¹ر˸лǾɹģסֻҪǷͿԣҲŪ̫ˡ
ˣ쵼ǣҪǲ׵ˣǾǹϵʧˡЦűʾ
Ҷͷû˵ʲôӭ飬ߵﶼࡣ


711 
ЦҶΪ쵼Ҳſڿӡ
ΪмίĸɲĸɲȷԳ֮Ϊ쵼ˣϾиɲȵطƣͬ£˵ȽţƵġ
ͺĳЩҪţһСҸŰ¶ĸʡ˦ӣǵһҹƲͬɵġ
һ漰ȨţͲܹ򵥵ùٳϵĹٽˡ
Ҷǣǵطϵͬ־ǣʲôĻǧҪǿҶ˵ѵмίĹҲѧϰĻᡣ
Ǻǣʲô¶ƾʮµ顣ҶһԼͣʱ䣬òܾãǾ˵һʱޡ
ʵϣҶ򷼷˽ܣԼһЩ֤֮Ѿȫɽ۽ƽֱץˡ
ʱס£һҪϸذ¶ӳñȽһЩһҲΪ˸۽ƽһЩѹæгܵظֵ顣
⣬ҶҲ˶ֵĹп˼
ϾڹȥĳɼǷǳ˵ģҪһֵҵ⼸ڱԭ򣬾ʲô
򷼷˵۽ƽǼһ˵Ļô֮ǰָһϵнˣǺηʥ
Ȼ˵ǰ˳˵ڹٳкҵУԽԽټִ˽ˣҶŻǳȤλǰεܣǷôԶǷΪԼã
Щ飬Ҫһʱġ
ҶĴ֮ȴЩţΪʱζϣ̾͵õ˺ܶϢҲҶ˼
ôӣʮµĺ˲ڣȷʵе̫ˣʲôʵʵ飬ֵľ
мίĸɲ־߹ģ͵óۣһҶѾ㹻֤ݣھҪ۽ƽģڶҶǴǱΪ˸ҵġ
Ͼʮµʱ䣬պþܹĹؼʱ䡣
ʱڳӣôҪӵĿ΢΢ϾҶôһмίĹԱԱ߶أ˭Ҳܱ֤ǲǻֽ
ǼԼƶȷĻʱڣǾԻ˸ԼҵģŹĺûᣬҪٸûôˡ
¶ôǺãжʱñȽһʱ֮ì֮ܵС
ǵĽǶȻϣ۽ƽҪ¶۽ƽһ¶־ͻֱȽϴ⣬Ӫ϶ҪܵӰģôҵûб֤ˡ
ֵҵˣֱӰ쵽ǵǷǳı仯
۽ƽ¶ôԷ϶ģǱΪ˴ɹĹߡ
ôԶ۽ƽΪأΪЩԵĿܾ꣬ܿҪλʡг鷳ʹˡ
ζһ伫ģ鷳Ҳų侮ʯĺԺһѲƨð̶ճһ
֮ܶĵõϢ
ڷԸ鳤ֶע󣬾ָ֮Ҷ˼䣬ȻҪΪӷ
Ͳ鷳ˡҶֱӵرʾǸͼ칤ģͱȽϼɻطϵͬ־ǽӴ̫Угĺˣ¶ˡ
ҲãȻҶô˵ҲʡһٷǮˣҿɲҪ˵еĸɲŶЦ˵
˹һЦ㽫¸ҹȥˡ
뿪ʱϾͲһ·ͷ·
鳤ּˣ֪쵼ڿ飬һȽҪҲûгԴţֶֻдСɽ䣬һҪʱ̹ע飬ʳסޣԼ붯ȵȡ
ʲôرһҪʱҴ绰ǿ
ҲǱİţгȻÿڣǾΪ鳤иܼңȻҪθҪдù飬ǶԽӴëͬʱչĶ̬ҪʲôǷԼ߶ãȻ֪
ĻܼҲͲҪˡ
˳֮˵֣߶ҪܶܶһҪдˡ
ʵгǵĿĲΪ𣿸ǵطϵĹϵɣ
⻰Ҳе׼
ʵϣ˶ֺ֮ĹϵǳУӰҲΪԶˣûиַӴģһֳʲô⣬߶϶ҪһЩܵǣġ
ֹȻ֪¶ôʣֻҪòһ£۽ƽ֮ϵǷӰ쵽һν⣬ϾڶԣǷܹʡλϣҲǹϵش
ǸɲλûȽңԶɹĻ֮ĹϵҪϵҲеָˣǻ˸˵ģһЩ
ʵϣһٳģ϶ԼĿɽǿɽֶȻԽԽãǰ¶ʱȴһԽԽˣʭӶ˲ҧˣĿɽ̫ˣʱҶϳ֣ҲǸ鷳¶ԿסĿɽ濿ɽ
ȻǾĿɽദʱϳӴҲУϵܱȵģָҪӿ׶һЩ
Ҹ۽ƽ֮ûʲôرĹϵȻ֮УҲֵĻ˼̧ͷ˾һۣҡҡͷ֣Ҫ˵ûнӴǲܵģڲǱģҵȻ˰棬ܱҵǣűߣҲǱֵġȻԾýΪģҲǹؼǲݻģͻӣ
֮ͷ
ʵҲҪһ㣬г֮Ĺϵж᲻Ϊ۽ƽ¶͸鷳
ĻҪ׼ˡ
Ҳ֪г˵ȷʵûҵ֮ĹϵնϵģҵãϵߵĻǾ鷳ˡ
һطΪҵĺԺԱǶҵĸӹǱǮΪӪıɡôӶ⡣
⼸仰гͷԻģƲʲô⡣
ֵ˼ȻˣȴȻЩƽ
Ҷ鷳ģҲ˵۽ƽ֮ȷʵû˼Ҽͷͷǰ⵰嵰һͣԼҲп˵ġ
ڹ۶ϣƫƫôһֶϵѹܴ󰡣


712 
λгƺ졣뿪֮˼˵
Դ֪Ҷ֮˼̬̾ͰˣҶǳأмίЩͬ־Ҳǳ
ϾҶǰԶ޿
ҶЩˣǴ֮Ȼǲģ˼֪ԼҶһʱ䲻ܺܳʱѹϵúһЩڽǺаġ
ȻδؾܹҶˣǶֵЩӴȽõĹϵҲһ߾ȹ·ӡ
Ϊһλܹмίг͵ɲʮĸ˼ȻҲǱȽǿģϣͿǣȻ˵Ǻԣȴܹоĳ
еɣλгǷҲ۽ƽİǣ
ϾָеĹϵ̫˵ʲôϵǣҲǺ飬Ҳţ۽ƽ֮䣬ûһϵ
λгھʡĹؼʱڣʱǣȻ̫졣ҶЦ˵
ԭ˰֮󣬶ʱ׹ˡ
ֻʱˣҲųᣬǹˣϾǼ򵥵İҪôʲôʱкܴĲռ䡣
Զǲע⵽µЩëƤ飬ҲΪһССĸʡ͸ıԼļƻ϶ŪģֻܻǾаˣٹ˽һ飬ﵽ˳һЧ
ȻˣΪмίʵ̫ˣԼԼûʲô⣬ҲΪҶ˵ĵ磬ΪǵĵѾصӰ쵽Ͻ֮·
٣Ҫţһҳʲô鷳ǲӦġ
һ˵ľϾޣ߶˹Ļʱˣһһпܱ˰Ӹժȥ
ҶǣǽĹҪôţ˼ʵ
˵ϻǰ֮ǰİţȥԷȻǼʶһǵҹꡣҶЦ˵
˳ܰǾͱʾˣ˵ĵطҾͲˡ
ҲáҶͷͬ
˳ܰȷʵ˵ŮԸɲȻʺȥЩط
ʣµ˵ͦ˷ܵģͶձʮңǾʱѵ쵼ȥѣȻǱȽϻӭġ
ѵǶ滹λһЩŮԸɲ¶ҲͦȤģ׷ױʾҪŽҶǵΧһͬҹ
ȥȥҪʲô֯ϹϵǴְˡҶЦ˵һ䣬ȻˣҹҲܹӳһطľò;ˮƽϸĻӦҲջġ
Ҷôһ˵Ҷеˡ˳ܰЦűʾ
˼Դ˵еģ뵽ҶıʱҲͲ˵ˡ
ǳʲô⣬ѵסҶ
˵ˣֻƾмίݣҲûʲô۵ļһ鷳
ãȥԷ˷ôʱ䣬ͶˡҶЦ
ǹʱɫͿˣָг˲ʮӵӣȷʵ˷ˡ
Ҷ뿪ͬһʱ䣬ĴƵ꣬Ƹ棬гͬһλʹԼʮҵ̸
һΣ߲ư˵
棬ĸһʳľ£ϵһǷ꾫׼ģ滹λƯŮԱһʱṩ
ʡʡ
Ƚ棬ʵֻʮ꣬ʵͣҪߣҲȽˣȻ˵ϰµ˵Ҫ϶һҲǲԣǸʡҪߣͷǳˡ
λҪϸǣô򵥵ģ˵ָʡʡίǣǾͼֱǲɵˣ˾Ҫ
ɲữĴ£ҪΪǷǳѡ
һ仰Υá
ʡӰҲǺܴģһҪǰһ̣ϵʡλϣҲ²ˣʮӣɾҪıˡ
쵼һΡ˵
ͰҶ˵Ļһ飬ָҶֻ߶ʮ¡
ʲô˵ģˡ֮󣬹ȻЩ
ȻҲһιĿģȴһ㣬ʡﻹ룬ϣ֮Уһ󳬹ġԪĹ壬ⲻʲôֵý顣
Ӧò󶯸ɸ꣬۽ƽĴҲһӴ
ͬĵһһε飬ģҪסǰĲĻͺ˵ˣһ龾ס۽ƽСβͣϾˣôһεĸʡ֮ûʲôʤˡ
ҾãӦøλҶǺúùͨһ¡룬Ͷ˵ᣬܹλãԲһ˿ɱȣȻˣ̬ŵһЩΣɷ֮ĿǰҪľĸʡ֮һжΪ·
λҶȻᣬȴδؾͺءȻͬ쵼Ľ飬ϸȴҲô׵ġ
Ͷ˰ֵȻǲ֪ϲʲôһǿԿ϶ģǾֵ۽ƽܹһЩ£λҶҲ᲻ӵġ
ǣ֮쵼˼ȴһʱ֮ȡᡣ
ȻŹ·ǳҪֳ⣬ܿĿɾǺüְΪֵĴڶʾˡ
˼ȥվǺ¶ģΪԼλ˼ǵ档
ˣȡᣬվҪԼġ˿Լǰ飬λһֱǳصг΢΢Щź
ǲĺݣǿ粻һ󼴱ܹȥҲδؾиõķչϾڹٳлӣƤӺڣǱ޿Σɻȱġ
ܹ㣬ôʧȥٳ֮չҲ޵úܡ
ϵıĪ⣬ȻҵĶڱȫԼĵλάϰյ֮䣬ҪһѡĻǸеޱȵļѡ
ҡҡͷеʱ̫ظ鲢ʲô¶ǰƣһ˼ĸɲϰôأȰҵλøȥ˵߶Ĳо֣Ȼбȥʰ
ֻҪǹñӸ㵽֣˭ֹܵ˭ôأ


713 ײ˺¶
ЩٶģƽʱÿҪһҲ٣˹ؼʱͷˣ۽ƽ鼫ơ
Ϊ鵽ԭҲҪͨϲϵ
ĽأûиκתļЩ˼֮ʹۣеֱӱŲе˸ɴϾȫԱȥˡ
۽ƽȥһʡ棬ӵĺװĶǴֽңԪӢֵһǧ
ǾҲûͨκһλ쵼·ԷܿؽӴȻΪ൫ǺܼҵžͱʾӦ֯Ҫ˵ҶȻһĴ
һ˶ţ˻Ǯ֮⣬ֽȻûͳһţ
̫ˣ۽ƽ棬ѾЩˣ
ڵʵǣθڴ󣬾ǲǮ
ƫƫʲôʲôһҪɹأô׵ˣ˵һξ۽ƽĻ¬һ岻ȥҲûлᶫɽ
µжֻԼ
⼸ֵ󼸺һ귭һΪ˫յĳɾ֮⣬Ҳ˵ۺ죬ΪԱ۽ƽʡܹͽᵽ쵼ͳͳݷһ飬е飬ȥǮҲǲ
û뵽мίĹֵʱЩͶȫӰһôҲûУ۽ƽеЩ
ɵ򷼷˵Ļһ޽ġ
ѵľ·һˣ۽ƽɵзݵˣһưɣ
Ҫ۽ƽҲϧˮһսԼҼ汳ġ
ֵ˳Ҳһôǰң֪ϲɾˣֻ۽ƽһˣҲúҡ
ַͷҲһ˲֮ѣ뵽ԼźͺӣмǣҪƸ۵ĻЩȻҲûĵ
ûа취۽ƽò׹ʱйˡ
һӣ칫ҵ⣬Ȼŵ
۽ƽʰһ飬һ
ܣң߽һλʮˣȥֵģȴܾ
۽ƽ˻֣ʾԷ˵
Ĳˣ򷼷׸磬򱣹ҲֲɹĸˣеȨ޺ܴҲǸǧټ£ص
֣۽ƽһǲЩǼģΪǵĲαȽϵͣŸ˷ʱ䣬򱣹ɹĸ˾ͱȽæµˣ춼г룬ͬʱв˸ǮŮ޷ǾϣֵܹĲɹݶУڵһӡ
߶ֻҪ򱣹΢̧̧֣ǾǱ߶ɾǰʮ֣ȷʵͬСɡ
°ǲΪҪ飿򱣹һ۽ƽı飬Ϊʲô鷢
ǰͷҵǲ£ǵЩҽһżɢˡ۽ƽ̾˿ҪǳŲסˣҪǿˣֵǶʲôʲôȥһ뵽¶Ҿ˯ž˵ЩˣΪʲôôأ
ҲΪǹͷ£ЧôãȻ˺ö˵ждֻֿ̣ˣǵԸ򱣹شҪǿ֪жҪأ
˵ҲеҲ̫ƽϣԿԼ۽ƽ˵ͷžͶ򱣹˵߲ˣǱ߶ȥһ£ǸҶ仨ʲô˼һҲףֲ˵͸ʲôǴʲôģҲ˵һˣ˵㣬⾿ô¶
Ҷ仨ʲô򱣹һͷˮ֪۽ƽ˵ʲô顣
ƺ۽ƽ鷳򷼷ָһ·ء
ȥˡ۽ƽԼҲ㲻⣬ֱӾͽеⶼƸ򱣹ȥ򷼷
򱣹ҲҶʣܹн죬ȫ۽ƽΣֻǵͷӦ
򱣹Ҳе棬Ȼ۽ƽ֮ĹϵҲ㲻۽ƽ򷼷֮ӦǱȽŵùģΪʲô鲻ܵأ
УмίĹҪˣǱ߶ҲһЩʲôβͣϽҴˣҪɾס۽ƽֶ򱣹ԸЩ̣ҲҪѹ̫ˣڹؼʱ򷴵
ףס򱣹ͷʾԼѾˡ
۽ƽİ칫֮򱣹ͻԼĲɹŵذһ½ڹرǿӭмίҪ
˭ؼʱӣ˭Ҫ򱣹˵ҪǵùˣһҪҳҪǵùˣȻҪǳϣҶ˾ְҪ˵ҶֻҪ⣬ҺôҺá

ڲɹͳһ˼֮򱣹ǵ۽ƽ񣬾ͿԼɣɽγǷ˹ȥȵʮңڵ»Ƶ档
˸λӣԼĳͣˣȻƵȥ
߽˴ţһЦ˹е죬Ťͷһͷ򷼷Ц߽Ա߶һ߸ߴˣò˵һֻֻ§õƺͦܵӡ
ǸƺЩʱظ˵һʲôЦ򷼷ֱЦȻǷǳġ
§§ģ߶˹
򱣹ˣųһϽһ㵽Ա߶Ӻ档
۽ƽ֮䵽ô¶Ǽǵ˶֪»Ƶϰ򷼷۽ƽŮˡ
þȻھƵ͹Ȼ˹ģҪǱ˿ˣ۽ƽ֪ᷢʲô鰡
򱣹ֱͨͨԼ򷼷Ǹֵ֣Ǳ˷ֱ֣ѹˡ
򷼷Ǹ¥򱣹ŴӺȴ飬һʱ֮еڸ֪ǺãԼĿҲһ߶
¶ô㰡Ȼ˵Ӧһĵģ򱣹ĵȴ۽ƽǱ߶ܵĺֶΣһԼǸСûһܹɣ
ô˵ñӶ̵Ļǿ޵ˡ
򱣹ĸоܻûдﵽ־磬øС飬һй¶ȥĻ룡
΢Ȼﵽһ߶Ĳ蹾˹˵عһŸеƽࡣ
Ϳʼˣ¶Ҫô˵أ
۽ƽǱ߶ȥãҪǣǲܵˡ
˼򱣹ھǽ˸һЩĻҹζ࣬һ汻۽ƽ֪ˣǾǴ鷳ˡ


714 ˴
ҶûҹǱ߶ãʵԼһȺȥ֮󣬾Աһˮ񣬰ˮĺʲôڣһʮˣСʮˡ
ǱȽϸߵģȻߣô߶ƽѱͲͣҹ߶Ҳ;ĳϰԱѣҲûʲô䶯
Ҷҹһӣ˼Լһӣͷ˲ʼįܹ򷼷
Щʳ֪ζĸо򷼷ĳղúܡ
ҶǺԸ⽫֮Ĺϵع⣬Ծ͸˼˵һǰ˳ˣ򷼷»Ƶꡣ
ʵҲڵĻûһЩ˾Ƶ꣬򷼷İ칫׼棬ҶͶ򷼷ô˵
ҹȥʱ㻹ˮһҿûп˿Ҫ뿪ӡ򷼷ҶĴ棬ָӵȻʣǲҹȥŵҶٵˣ
е飬ǲǸͬǴһƬָǸɻءҶЦ
ɻôֵ飿򷼷飬ǱȽϹĵġ
Ǻǣ˵¡ֹؼϣҶǲɿڣΪ򷼷ѾԼŮˣش֣޵ߵطʲô
ֵ飬۽ƽ飬ҶȻһ˵ǣҲһ԰գֻǾĲҪжϵģ˵۽ƽĸֵ
֮ܶҶҪĲֻǼ򵥵ؽӸҪȷƽȹɡҵϲ̫ܵӰĻϣ𽥱÷۽ƽֵӰӱһȽĹ
ܣǱģҵҲҪ˵ģڴܷӺͱҵ֮ƽ⣬һȽѵѡ⡣
Զ֮ԻὫӽԼ棬δͲԼĳ׿ϣԼĹпԶһ£γɶЧҶϷ
ԶǶĺҶȻϣܹø涼е⡣
ڳ֮䣬򷼷ѾҶ·һ˫ַǳɵҶĦţһȫµ顣
ҶܿͽܲסֱӵЦܣսһλ쵼ɲĵء
ʵģĵ׿㡭򷼷Ļеܲ˵ķѾͷڡ
ĴȺβҶвλϵĥţܿҶ˷Ӧ
ⷽ棬ҶȻҲǳصģܿͽ˷״̬
򷼷վǱ߶˹ȥӵ˴ϡ
򷼷Цڴϴ˸бб£ȴҶĵ
׼棬ĴɴѱϣĵƹҲһֱȽȣΪİķƽܰɫʣ򷼷ſ˯ۣڴϣһͷں㷢ɢͷϣˣ񻶯˵̬¶ķ۱ΣӨѩף޲˼ջ
µĻ棬ǻ𣬴ⰻȻκ˿ˣúѰѳԼҪȥ
ҶȻ˵ͼ˸ɫŮʱ򷼷ɣҲɵúֻЩڸĸо˵СֵܣʱҲΪйܵǿҴ̼˺ü¡
վ￴һ˿·׸׵˹˴ϣһ򷼷ԣ޹ͷȥ
򷼷ǸͶջˣҶĶȻܻӭҶһֻϽ͵ĸо
ҶҶһѳס򷼷ĺ󱳣ĻΧ򷼷һĴУӣס绨ҡôסǽ޶˵ķЩǿƵ˿أס࣬˱
ҶôһŪ򷼷ʱ۾˫˵ˮһˮؿҶֳյĶ̬
ڻҶҲ̬Ūͷһ˫ۣһδεţһֻҲûţ˳Ƹأ˿˿˯ۣ޼ɵǰٰ˱ͬƷζļȣһʱ֮ڳ˷ܵ˼㣬ҪֱҪĳ
ҶƷ򷼷Ҳü΢֬һ⻬ϣֳЩ̬һ˫ָҶļͷʶץ
֪䣬ǣ˵Щ򷼷ЩϢˣڴϣչţڴڵشظŵţֳ̾ȥΪĶ̬
Ҷһ̽ͷ򷼷ѾŢָ̽ʱ򣬾Ϳڵƹ֮£λεˮɫ
ٺ٣㿴еŶҶָ΢ֿһЩͼһɫ͸ϸ˿˳
ᡭ򷼷ΣҲɵɺ磬̲סԴҶĻС
ҶһЦȻǶıַǳ⡣
ؽ򷼷ϵ˿˯۸ȥҶͽѾǿĲֵ˳ʼſĦ
򷼷ӣɵòȻЩܲ
Ҷڽ򷼷壬Ȼнؿʼ
Ŷ򷼷ͬצһ㣬عסҶȴ࣬Ҷһַǳ̹ĸܡ
Ҷһǧ£㻻ƵʱķźȻ
ˡ
Ҷʱһ㶣Ҫͣʱ򣬾ͱ򷼷סˣҪͣ
ʱ򷼷ĸоãҪƶһȻҶ뿪塣
ǺǡҶʱһЦδĹ
ˡ
ŵˣȴûʲôͣľ򣬷Ǳ䱾
˭أӣ˶Щ
Ҷһ˴ϣһסԼ塣
򷼷˯ۣЩԸشӴЩ˹ȥӷŵèһ£ʱͿһЩƵ˵
磿򷼷ˣʱЩ
ȻΪʲô򱣹Ȼ˹ƶôԼķţ򷼷ǽŸˡ
磬ôͻȻˣ򷼷Щʵ
򱣹һͽ˷䣬žͿ㣬ֻһˣбŴ棬Щؿ
ǡ򱣹龰ǲ֪˵ʲôˣֻϺ׵ġ
Ȼ˵򱣹Ѿµ򷼷֮䣬Ѿֹϵˣ֤ʵֲ²֮󣬻еӦġ
ǰ֪УȻ۽ƽĺзˣȴҲûмйʲôľٶǿǡ
Ҷȴǿ򱣹ۣ˵λ˴˸簡


715 ׽
ǡǡ򱣹Ͱ͵ҪѯҶݣȴǰ춼û˵ȴ˵һ䣬һ£ǸҶ仨ô¶
򷼷ˣЦЦô۽ƽûף
˵벻ͨ㡣򱣹شĿȴһֱҶתƣҪλ÷Сʲô
벻ͨ˰ɣԵ򷼷һ䣬Ȼ򱣹˵˱ˮ
򱣹΢һЩˣȴܹоһҵϢ׾ܹ뵽ղúڷʲô顣
򱣹Щǣ֪ôԡ
õ˽ҲȥܵģϾΪֵܼ飬ø˼ҵзҲһˣȻ⣬Ҳڸ
ҵԼϲĶ󣬰˵ҲûзԵɡ
ֻ뵽۽ƽǵӴ򱣹;ôе̫ˣһ۽ƽ֪ˣûʲôùӳԵġ
Ҷڴһ͹һԡ뿪˴󴲣ԡȥϴ裬ߵʱ򻹸򱣹˸кԸ򷼷úú˵ȥϴ衣
õġ򷼷˵ͷ
ÿҶ߽ԡңķˮ򱣹Ҷ
Сã˭ôһ𣬶һôĿŵģ򱣹Щŵʵ֪ˣôôǺã
򱣹ĵȻеģ۽ƽ¹˺üֱ꣬ίΣȻ֪۽ƽĹϵ͸¶һ˿Ҫ򷼷ÿ뷨ҪԼ֣кܶ¶ˡ
뵽򱣹ֽ˵һ䣬᲻ö㣬еĿ϶ûˣôǺ˺
򷼷һԡҵķ˼ػشû¶ģ۽ƽԹ˲Ͼѵ㲻֪Ѿ鷳𣿡
Ȼ֪ģмί˶򱣹ô˵ҲˣǵùˣҲҪȱ˸Ӧ
֪ʲôˣ򷼷ҡҡͷЦŶ򱣹˵Ȼָָԡ档
ʲôˣС飬򱣹ЩΪȻ
õ˽ȷʵԸȥ棬ֻôȻģⲻ˿õһȥ۽ƽ϶ǲԸⶥñӵģʱǳʲôǲ˵
򱣹мڴˣȻҪøĻǡ
ձܾǲˣʰǱصˣСһ
ڣмί˻ûʽפ֣ܻġ
Ǻǣ˵ʲôССġ򷼷һȻС˵һмίĹ鸺ˡ
ʲô򱣹ˣʱһ
ûоûƭͻȻô˵ϢȻҲһʱ֮͸
˵ļٵģ򱣹òһ
Ȼģ˼ᣬĹԱء򷼷ش
򱣹ǳĬһӣȻҧгݵ˵۽ƽûûָҲͰˣΪԼ飬Ȼùˣ
һ򷼷˵Ҷ֮󣬵һо۽ƽΪ˽Լìܣ򷼷ɫҶھ龰
Ȼ˵򱣹۽ƽµģֱϾǹ򱣹Ҳͷˣȥ֮Ҳܵı˺ŵġ
þȻ۽ƽһȥ֣Ϊģô̵ܹ
˵ʲôû飡򷼷ˣʱ˸۶
Ȼ򱣹¶ˡ
۽ƽ㣬ôмί˻쵽һ𣿡򱣹ȻõĻ
ʵڣþǸҶһ𣬶һڴϣǼٵģ˵ˣ۽ƽȣôô͸мί˴ϣҾϴˣ
㲻¶ĻͲҪϹ£ǰ۽ƽҲûʲôģֻǽƣһЩ鷳ѡ򷼷һɵӣҲûʲô취ֻýһЩһס
Ȼ飿򱣹ǰ֮ҲЩ
⼸꣬һֱΪ۽ƽĺзˣȴû뵽滹˸ӵĻֲ۽ƽ⣬ΪѯʣԭΪ۽ƽ򷼷֮Ĺϵ
򱣹ͷĥ˰󣬲ŷ֣۽ƽƺҲûгϹ򷼷֮ȷʵŮϵ
ôһ򱣹ԼҲеŤ֪飬оͰ۽ƽɼù÷ˣھȻô¶¶Ūģ
ô¶򱣹Ǿе˵ͨ
ø۽ƽûʲôϵҶô¶˵˼ǰŲŵǣþԼϰɣ
ǶԷĹԱҲôɣǾ¶˵ͨ
ⶼע顭򷼷̾˿Ǵôãڵȵ֪𣿡
ʲôʲôˣ򱣹ʵ
ǾҶҵˣүүǶ׳ҶǬ򷼷˵
һӣ򱣹ȷʵˣôҲû뵽һСȻôı
Լ滹ôı⻹˰
ֲû᲻һеȥʵĻԵ̫ѵˣѹöˣ
򱣹ܿ뵽һ⣬ǣֲĻԺҲδؾܹ˳ؼҶҡ
ҶʲôĴ壿ͨ˾ܹ޽ȥģ
˵˸죬򷼷ҲֻҶĵ˶ѣ֮ǰʲôͬأ뵽򱣹ȻЩ
ˣ磬ˣܹԼͳȥѾܲˡ򷼷οʵԴҽ˸Ͳͨôˣ۽ƽҪҵ֮ΪıƣҸ֮װףԴŮҶģܸʲô֣ҲҺܺãľˡ
򷼷˽ͣ򱣹еˣѹ˵ԭһԭ
ϸһ룬˹ɫһȷʵҲزסģɫ˲֪ж٣˵ܹҶ֮£˵Ҳһ£ٲҪΪЩ鷳ġ
ϧΪ磬Ȼ޷ԼùҸ򱣹뵽ԺҲֻ˼ҵˣвɵ÷ƣ̲סǽϴһȭ̾
ʱԡҵžʹˣҶԡ˳


716 򱣹Ҳˮˣ
紵Ҷøë˲ͷʵ
ȥá򷼷վȥҶҵ紵磬뵶ʲôĶ
ﻹ뵶Ҷˣеֵʵ
ǰһȥ۵ʱģһأⶫ˺ܺãһֻüǧǮء򷼷شȻʵ㲻ǻɣרŸĸɣҲסˣ
ǺǣǵǲڣûôСҶЦҡҡͷӹ뵶ȫµİװ˺Ȼ˵紵ȥͷŪɡ
ͷŪɰ˷ָɾͿˣ̫˵ĻȽ˺ʣͷ׿ݻơ򷼷紵УְҶŪͷһ߶ָͷŪţƺҪʲô͡
Ҷ򷼷˵ʱ򱣹ҲվҶȻ˵˵ЦЦȴ֪Դ
ǰλͷʵ̫һҶȽ۽ƽҶ㲻ϣѹһ˼ɶûУڴƵо͸ҶȻЦ˫Եġ
ؾ۽ƽ֪һʲôҲ˵ĻȨ˾λҶҶǣ˼ҷ֮䣬ܹ۽ƽ֮ء
ֲؿˡҶЦŸ򱣹к
Ȼ˵򱣹򷼷Ĵ磬۽ƽ飬ȴ˽ֻ࣬ǲ۽ƽҳ϶ȾжҲҶٳûи˵ԭѾ̸һЩ飬ôҶҲҪٵ͵ˡ
Ͼĳ̶ֳ˵򱣹շô۽ƽĺ·ֶһ
ҶҶǵƣ۽ƽҲֻܸ䣬Ҳûѡ
ǣǡ򱣹֣ԼҶ֮£ѹûзأƺֻհôһ
֣ɵЩ٣˵ӵܵѹİԼЩƽӵܣǺŬٶ࣬Ҳվѹס˼ҵԽУ࣬ȴ޷ֲġ
Ҷ򱣹£Ȼһӣ򱣹Ķ档
򱣹ǣԼþȻܵҶĺ棬ָļģġ
龰Ǵûпģʲôʱ»Ƶܣ簡
˵һֱڸֵĲɹĿҶʵ
ǵġ򱣹ЩнػشҶǰʱЩţ֪˵ʲôá
ʵƽʱ򱣹ҲպܴȨв쵼ڲɹȨǺܴģһĸܶûˮֱ࣬۽ƽ˾ҪΣô׵顣
Ҳ򱣹УѾǼ⣬һȨֵ⡣
ʱ򷼷ѾҶһӼȥ裬һݸҶһ򱣹
Ҷ˿ڲˮȻʹˮϵĲҶ˹˵ܷѾҵ˵һЩǺӶʡмίǣɲһιмίԶǵίУֵ֤ģ򵥵˵۽ƽ⡣
ǣǡ򱣹˫ְǲ豭ţҲ֪ů֣ǵĲˮˣֳ̬֮ȣЩš
Ҹ飬ҲԵ֣ǱܲġҶ豭£Ȼ򷼷һֻ֣£Ŷ򱣹˵ԣҺôݣ飬ҲܿŲܲʣĻΪ۽ƽİӣǣȥ϶Ҫĵġ
򱣹ͷеˣҶõϣҪһģǺܺõģԼܹȫˡ
²ҶҪʼѯ־ݵжʱҶˣ۽ƽ쵼£ȡõĳɼǰ쵼ڲֿ϶Ƿֲģǰλ쵼ΣǷ֪
˵֮ǰλܰ򱣹û뵽Ҷ̾ͷǳɴػشѾˡ
ˣôģҶˣʱЩȻ
Ҫ˽һǰܵ飬Ȼ󿴿ԷǷֵԼһģȴû뵽õôһ𰸡
뿪֣תһҸĸܣΪִ̰ۣ̣ˣѾˡ򱣹ش
飬򱣹ͲµҶ϶Ϊ֮۽ƽܹչȫǰδµĻһʵʵгġ
Ȼ˵򱣹۽ƽ£Ҫ۽ƽòǼǴʵҲҪ۽ƽ¶ǱȽʵڱȽϿ׶ģĻҲûڵĺù⾰
Ҷǣ֪˶һЩƫ£ܵԶ׼ģûĻ⼸δؾܹô̹򱣹׳ŵӶҶ˵ַչˣ˾ۺ죬˵̰ʲôģҲϣǷۿһڻһҹ쵼ûЩģȨǮɫʲôģԣҾ˵ֵܶĹףֵĹǶͬġ
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мʱҶȥһϴּ䣬򷼷ͶԸ˵磬ҶǶĸйۻǲģҪץסᣬ۽ƽǱ߶ǲܿˣҪʱվӣĻҲû㽲ġ
ǣҳܣҲ򱣹ЩΪѡ
ͽǹٵģο۽ƽȷʵܲȻʱҲ䣬ǴӲ
۽ƽĺڲϣָ۽ƽΣ˵ĵǻôԼؿڣȥġ
ҲڳͿˡ򷼷˵
򱣹õĻ󣬶ʱЩ
һӣ򱣹¶˾ģ绰۽ƽ˹ȥ
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717 С鷳
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򱣹ϵеĵλǱȽҪģΪɹȨ󣬶ڳӷǳҪͬʱҲΪ򱣹ΪԼ¶Ҫв쵼
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ⲿֳ⣬Ӫɱ⣬һЩϵҲѡ
ͬһҲǳҪֲֻг𱬣ֻҪƷֺʣ·浹ǲ÷ԾãҪڲɹġ
ڹڸ״۽ƽúһǲϻ𱬵ķزгڽֲĵԼøֵļһĳЩֲĿߵĶȱܹĶ̰壬ԭֱӵ˸ֲг𱬣Ǵ󲿷ָȴڳ߼άֵ״
ԭ򣬻һ⣬ҵôصľӪȨЩҪ򵥶ˡ
۽ƽܹ֮⼸У˳˳ˮ޷Ǿմһ⣬Ǿǵ־ܲεܾؼȨӪ
ټӹ²СڣֶΣֻЧĴ£ŻѸ͵ķչ
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뵽ֽ۽ƽеķңԴ澲
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۽ƽҲ뵽һ㣬򱣹ɹ鶶򱣹ԼΪˣ϶ҲӲѸϵġ
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۽ƽɵǣڵƶԣԽԽϾˡ
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Ȼʲô¶ܹӳһѾ˶飬ԲŻǳ
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Ҷǣû͸¶ǵݣ鷳˼СҶ˵Щ˺һʼ֪ʲôģ֡
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ΪҪչԵʣ˼Ҫ£ûкȾƣԶԷͷƵеˡ
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ҶԼҪ棬㺰Ͱ㶨ˣȷʵͬСɡ
¶ǲҪˣ˵ûгͻҶ˽һ£˵Ǻȶ˾ƣô¶ˣģû˸ұǡ
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εĻҲеҿǲˣԭҪôҷһ飬û뵽顣ҶҲҼһ£Ȼ˵ˣȵˣ֯һΣζʱ䣬Ҿŵɡ
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Ҷ˵öԣǲӦʲôηаʤ۽ƽˣҲֻǼˡ˼˲ͷӦˣ̶Ҷ뷨ͬ
Ҷ룬Ͷ˵ǹʱе͵ˣͿʼĵشмίˡ
ֵĵ鹤ȻûʽʼҪĻһЩҪԹ鶯ԽģһͶͲˡ
ǣֺηģƺҲܳ֡
ϣ˺úõ˯һ˵ڶʮӣҶټһ̻ᣬȻţ鳤ֵ˵ͬ£˳ǰ֡
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ʵڵعҵĿȾһֱͦصģڰʮں;ʮϰڣعҵ˽ķչѸͣ͵¸صȾӾ硣
ط۾Ƕھ÷չ棬ڻȾ⣬һӳ̶ȲһҲûȥԾ͵˻ء
߶ͬҲ⡣
ҶֻǽһСûйӣͿһϸϸķ۳״ֻýˡ
Ҷǣ˵ʵֵȾҪиֳضˡһԵ˳ܰǾ˵һ䡣
⵹ڼҵƫʵȷʵˡ
ǴӿǴ;ĸָȵ߶ûôЩʱ˶Ǵ鷳ѻɽĸΪһɽ¶ҲȾΧľĲ
Ŷ飬ҵҲиܡҶ⣬͸˳̸ܰˣиֳӦø˽⣬˵ǵĹģҲСǻкܶعҵôȾҪõöأ
ǰҶУûһԱȣȻͲǱ߶Ⱦ̶ȾΣ߶һĶԱȣȻ˺ֱ۵ĸܡ
ö˳ܰᵽ¶ҲҪһʾ
Ǻǣ¶˵ҶҲȤ˳ܰЦ
Ҷ˵ͷǼͼɲҲֻץɲľϻϵȱ㣬ڽ跽ܹΪǳһЩ⣬Ҳ洦ġǻȾ飬ﵽĳ̶ֳ֮𺦵˵ĽҲӦùעصע
ᵽ⣬Ҷ˵ʵҪѻҲ뵽ԸɲҵĿ˵УôĻǾͻĮ⣬Ϊ˷չã˵ľסֱڷƫƫЩ˻ƾٶˣǾԲ飡
⣬ԶҲû޶ɣ˳֮ܰЦ
ţһģ˵˼ǾͲ˵ˡҶͷţ֮Ļǿ϶˵졣ʵǰŷ޺ձڷչҵĹУѾƵĻȾҾ磬һѷظ㽨裬Ҳ׳⣬ȵȾˣҪʰͱȽˡ
Һ֧Ҷ뷨ͼɲû֪ǲеġ˳ܰǵͷ޵
ǺǣҹɡҶ΢Ц
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ȷʵãǻܣصд֮ͻöˣϾںĲӦûǱȽϴġ
˳֮鳤־˿ֶ
ҶǣҶϿְɣаȫñҲҪʱֵݹȫñͿֶȻҶ˵ͻȽ϶࣬ȫñ޶ȵǵİȫϵҲҪĿǱġ
õģҶϰɣҲΪǴҺáҶԸһ˾ͷ׷װ
ܶͬ־ûдֶеʸУǽĿ֮󣬾͸еԷû˺ܶࡣ
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ôһ˵Ҷʱע˺ܶ࣬׷׿ԼͬǷѾЩˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷȻ˾ŵƿ˳
߶ʵиֳҲ˶١
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ҵһֱͨȷʽнṹĽʹҵֵλԼСģĴ˾沢ѳΪⷢҸҵкЧʵֶΡ뵽ҶָĿǰŷ޸ҵγɰռšɭ²š˹źLMN㶦ľ档ձ˾ţͳһ֯ӪͨĿǰڽе飬ʹҪʸŹ˾Ŧ¸˾ҡ
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ţҲǹϵһЩ׶ˣ󲻷֣˵ΪϵһЩǵĸ޷ʵϣʵɱ½ĿģȷʵʹҶͷͬǵڹϺǵĸҵ𲽸ǽǺܿģĳЩ棬ҪøһЩ
ʱ򣬹ڶں˻ûʲô̵̫˽⣬ҲûôᣬԴһ϶ܹȽؿССڹǹڽ̲ϣҲᵽСĹңǵһЩΪͬ
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1972ʱϺֻмС͸豸¾ɣ60֣Ըʽ20
ʶ蹤ҵᣬ޷չҵ֧Ԯʽ𡢼豸50100ֵĸʧܡ
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˾һڹ̵Ͷֲָʹ103֣Ϊٷչе촬ȹҵṩ˼ĸֲġ
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ԭʦڹˣ淴ǺصģҶСͬ־Ȼô˽ʸҵķչǸⷽ飬ɵôһ
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λСͬ־Ǹҵ˽ⰡǰλʦЩȵ˵
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λʦҶͬһķԱ˶ļʶȻȽͬȴû뵽λȻǹĸˣмίǡ
λҶǣмίĸˣȻᣬȴʵʵڵɲͼսϵˡ˲˵ʲôǾֿǵýҶݸġ
ҽһ֪ʲôطλ¹ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ϾֶҶҲ˽⣬˵ֺѰգ˭֪Ƿϲŭ޳أСĽһǷǳҪġ
ԭҶǡôһ˵ʦʱЩƻˣе֧֧
һСӣǵȻ˵ԾĳЩͬĹ۵粵һڵĶԷȻĸɲǸеЩѹˡ
Ȼ۽ƽҲǸҵɲ˼ɲ˵ˮֻǴһЩλ֤ղ󳼣зʱܹ۽ƽµġ
ȻˣôǰᣬҶܹҳ۽ƽ
ǰǵһƷӹ䣬ְƷģҲм˲Ǯߡһʦָָǰһ䣬˽ܵ
Ҷ˿ͿһյСһĶڽ복ΧǾʵǸʲô
ŶǸǷңҲǵĲƷܻͦӭġλʦһ۾ͽ͵
νķңǵԱྻʱɷͨ죬Ч˵Ľྻǿ磬˻һͨԺǿľֲ豸
߶ְңͨԺǿԸеĽྻҺͽྻʹãװڽྻǽྻ֮䡣
Ҫྻʱͨ豸ǿྻĿɿתӸϣЧѸȥ·ϵĻҳͷмԼ˽ྻȾ⡣
ݹʦܣⶫǰΪӻԼբҵãֹȾδĿྻ̶ܹȵضžԱͷҳϸ복䣬ﵽϸ޳׼ĲƷ
ͦôġҶ֮ͱʾԺǴ½޳ԽԽģⶫкܴ֮ء
ʵҲˣźܶԪͶҪܸߵĳӳ֣һЩҪȽϸߵķ棬԰װһ廯豸ʱֻҪϵͿͨ·Ϳˣȷʵǳ㡣
ǺǣⶫҲڹι۵ʱ򣬷˼ҵ޳һ˵Լôһͨ͵豸ӦñȽܻӭһʦܵƷ֮󣬹ȻܻӭЩƵĺҲǵ豸غһܺá
ܹȻ˵ãһСС豸Ȼδؾжôӵļǻ˹ڣץס̻˲࣬ôһҪΪִղ١Ҷ˵⻰ʵġ
۽ƽûҲôͷߵ˹ڸǰͷ
и˾˵ⶫȷʵ߶ĿȽϲ״۳Ҳ࣬ҵʱиⶫĻͻˬˡ
˵⻰ʱĵģ֮󣬾ͺܲˣ˵϶Ƶģ鳤ҲЩҲסӣֻУû˵ʲôĻ
ҶСһۣ˵ûëȻǰ²ΰ
ΪǱˣԼ˵ԼȾأǺȻ飬ǿ;ӣҪ˼ҵдҲô˵ȾأǺܲӦǾںֱӵشˣ˭ܵˣ
˳ܰǾ˵һ䣬һգǰҲΪŹԸֳһЩص㹤ҵҵ˸죬˻Чܣͺöˡ
лҪȥѧϰһµģȷʵӦõõӡһʦҲ͵
ô˵Ҳǿ׻ʵϣֵĸɲְҲʶ⣬Ķ񻯣ԼĶ񻯣ֱӰ쵽ľְǵ͹߶һٵĶһЩϵͳëһ˶Եֱ
ȻҲһЩ̳װãӾʹõЧδô⣬˵Ǳ߶ⷽñȽϺãȻҲйȥȡĴ㡣
Ķ˵ˣ彡⣬ȷʵǴҶǳӵġ
ֳƿǰߣû߼ףͿһȺӭˣжʮ˵ӣΪ׵һλȥʮ꣬һڿ۾ʱģЩڡ
Ҷǣλ쵼ܺ쵼ӵͬ־ǶӭˡһʦˣͶԴ˵
ŶҶ˵ͷ˵ԭλ۽ƽ
ò˵۽ƽ໹ǲģһ֪ʶӳĹʣҲֵ÷ǳ磬ûΪ⣬ֳʲôִ
Ȼˣ˵ôģ˭Ҳ֪
ӭλ쵼ݰ֣λҶǣֵܾ۽ƽ۽ƽһͿʼԱš
ܣλҶǡ鳤۽ƽһ¡
Ҷ鸺ˡҶ֣Ȼһ£λмί˼ֳλмί˳ܰǣλǡ
Ҳǽˣ˷׷֮󣬾һߣȥֵĳҡ
·ϣҶɨ۽ƽۣ뵽򷼷ۡ
ȷʵЩģڵĹ߼ɲУѵõ˲ˣĻҲָԼڲô֮󣬻ܹ֤ÿ꼸ڵ
ǽٷĻҪڸķͷڸȥˡ
ҶЩɣһҪ۽ƽˣδؾڲЩͬжǡ
νľ֣ش֮۽ƽһ֮ŤתֵǬʹֵҵһ֦㣬Ͱ˵۾ȥԵĹ̫
뵽Щ⣬Ҷֿʼһƽϣһεȷʵô˳Ӧʱ³۽ƽ£ȻҲûʲô⣬ǽԴϲ飬ôĺǵҵΣ֮С
û۽ƽôһλܸɵ쵼ҲֻһķмѶա
¶ð찡


721 ҵ뷨˲һ
ҶȽϸӣΪ۽ƽⲻò鴦ΪҪȫغ鴦۽ƽִôӰ죬ҵǷܵסֳصĴ
ڹڣڵĹһͨǹҵȨģȨãвȨûΪ
ĳ;һεĴˣȻҵԴſҵɲ͹˵ɱȨ滮ַ棬ȴǲռƵģҵĹȻĶ̰塣
ΪΪ
ûĴ̼ȻĸȻżҲ˽׵ˣǴʵĻҪôǱȽ϶ҪôȽϵͣҪôǱͼ뷨˲һ
ԣͨе֤⣬з׾񣬲رǿˣʵǷëǣܹΪҵз
ֵ۽ƽΪзȻָǿˣпҵӮһôҲԭģԼֵĹУҲӴŪ˺üڵ˽Ǯ
ҶǵЩ⣬;ùǸ㲻ãһô⣬Ҫ⣬Ͳܲǵһʵأ㾿ܹ߶󣬲Ϊҵ
һζҪ˸ر϶ǲԹɵģԹһ㣬ΪֻҪӾˣƴƴ㾭Ӫ󻹲֪ĸ˵οأαأ
Ӧлرذͷ䣬ҵĹܹһҵӪ÷չ׳󣬴쵼ߵļֵȻǲܸͨᲢ۵ġ
ǿӲؽ֮仭ϵȺţѧǲµġ
ƽȣָ˸ϵƽȣǵܹͬȵĹףĻҲûʲôչˣΪҶһ
Ҷҵĸĸ·ӪҵʱծȨǹʱɹȨֻܹ븶֮ìܣҵӪߵȨ綨ǺúõΪҵŬ
֮гҲ˹רμġ
Ͼмίһ£鳤ţ⣬гȻæҲҪʱʱע߶ʱعҶ棬Ըʲôģֳܹڹء
гæûбҪעЩȽˡ̸˼֮ҶͺֱӵرʾԼ̬ȣһ֣ҪǸһЩУһֵӪеһЩ⣬ʱҲ̫ãܰŸžͿˡг;鳤ͲùˣʲôҪͨģǱֵ绰ϵͿԡ
ȻҶô˵ôôɡҶ̬ȣǽ׻ԼȷʵҲʱ䶼˷ЩӭԳԺȺ棬ԾͺܸɴشӦ
۽ƽ֮ҲеЩȣû뵽ҶҪô򵥣ֻŸԱ·Ϳԣġ
мίĹ鰸ӣʲôʱô״ˣʡίмίĸɲǹҲûôöԸģЩ˿ɶ˵ֶǸڵļɹƣƣǾͲͼɲˣ
ξֳǣʲôİţҲԸֵͬ־ǽһǰѹ׵ˣҲʡʱʡҶֶ˼˳ܰ˵
Ȼ˵ҶĸˣǾ飬Ȼ˼˳ֶܰŶ壬Щڲٳ֣ҶֻһȻЭѹƶʱذѰѹؾС
Ҳǵ쵼ĺôֲҼɣϸкܶıͨ
õġǵһЩš˼˵ͷóѾ׼õĹţ˷ַȥȻּҪؽ˽ҵɲУ˶ԻιԼϸ˵ȵȣ涼дúҪʲôϣҲȦһĿȻ
гҲã鳤Ҳã۽ƽҲãЩ˿Ĺ֮󣬶ǳһ
ǳԾΪȽϸ£׸ǳԾ鷽ȻὫЩǰó֪
ϾΪǿίͻȻԣԱһѹӦýЩϸܵġ
ʲôֱӺǹϣȲ˵ԭֻϣΪϣһ
ڿҶһһܵĶȻôҿˣһǼݶ⾿ʲô˼أ
۽ƽ⼸ֽһʱ֮Ҳең֪Ҷʵ뷨ʲô
ͬеɻģг鳤֣ҲҶЩ˼飬˵Ǹίʽġ
˳öԷϵĵ飬ܲʲôأ
ѵ˵һιֻΪ˱һ̬߹ˣĻҲûбҪôߵĸɲҶʵʵڵɲҾ˵мίǳصĸɲ
һֻ֮ǴͶѣбҪڳôĳ
ţλʲôʻ߲ͬ𣿡Ҷʵ
ûУţѾ꾡ˡгȻҶҪʲôǰ˹ܱһͷˮҪǿǾ͵ͷͬȻҶڼͼ칤ϤȴҲܹóҶǺܿѧģұʾȫͬ
۽ƽ֮Ҳͷʾַȫϡ
ʵϣ۽ƽãǰߵĻ黹治ֲʲôСëһЩǴǿġ
ҲЩɻ󣬲֪ҶΪʲô߸£̬ȷʵЩŹ֡
뵽Լǰҹȥʡǻţ۽ƽΪһεô򵥣Ҷ˵ΪʲôˢˢĻرԼϽأ
йŹ֣һйŹ֣۽ƽа
ҶȻܹóˣԼµĹԱǣԼеɣֻûԸ˵ա
ΪֺжԣԼȻǶģȻᷴԣԼĳԱҪҶˣʲô⣬Ҳܵɣԣھͳһõˡ
ܴҶе֣ʲôʱô͸ô˵ˣҶЦ˵ʵҵ뷨˲һͼ칤δؾҪ˵ġҪǿһ㣬ǹ֣ΪָõķչģΪģԣȷҲҪǵһҪ⣬ϣ֣֮Ȼָܹٷչ̬ƣֵҪĿġ


722 㳶
Ҷһȴ˸еһɡ
ίΪ˵˵ˣĻǼٵģ
۽ƽҲһͷˮ֪ҶʲôãǴ˼⣬ƺһȽϺõĿˡ
֮ݱʲôӣ˭Ҳ˵׼Ҳ޷ա
ֻҶһ֮ƣֻΪ˻ڱȽ϶Ⱥ
ǴҶĻǷǳȻģûпһԲԵı飬¶˸еȽˡ
ˣ˽ͷӶ
ְڿᣬǺ顣۽ƽһʾҲҪ˵ҶȻҶҶǣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵䣬ϣʱ򣬴ҿԻϣ¶㡣
Ҷ̬˻ǱȽϻӭġ
ϾһмίĹţ˭úܲ㣬ùܳԹס˼ҸԼëҪ˵ܹãǲйء
ȷһ¸𳧷͹֮ЭԱ¶ˡ
Ҷǣȥݰɡ۽ƽʾ
ҲáҶ˵ͷͬˡ
ֱݵĸ˸ӣӳ˲ӵˡ
ӹȥʱ򣬾ͿֱݵʮԱ˴ӭ򣬼вʹҲ˳ųŪͦġ
ͲûҼСѧŻߺӭӭһӭ
Ҷ˰Եͷ˵۽ƽ߶ǸòģҲģֻǲ֪ڲΣ
һνӴмίĹ飬Ҳеţܹ߶ӭĻʱ򣬻˴ʶûг˳ˣ浹ǽһӡ
ܵɫƺˣøӸеȽʧͬʱҲͦ˵ģûбԹǺõġ
۽ƽҪ󣬸׼ȻӴҪ飬ҪܵǽӴ׼һҪϸչ涨Ĳһܳ꣬ʡñ˵ݼϲء
ȷʵǣҪھһЩ򣬼ȲҪ̫ˣҪ˾ǰһѹҪƯһ
Ҳ⴫ָܵʾȻ˼ҹëģǷԱԲ˿ĶԿҪӰţķ쵼Ǹܵ˵ͺÿ͡
Ϊ˰ʵˣӻ⿪˼Сᣬо˽Ӵ
Э֮þǽӴԪףҲȫӦˡ
ʵֱݻǺܸߵεģϾǴҵڲǿЦģʽǳԣֵıҲǴλӭĹǳ߶ĳӶǹһʦмؼʦһǼƵ궼Ҫߡ
ⷽģ۽ƽ±ǮģΪֻ˼ҳˣ˼ҵŻãˣë뷨Ͳôǿˣ֮ĻԿԽأЩ˵ĹԽҲԽ鷳
ҶڸӵĴ£˿סĻָͷԱн̸˼䡣
Ҷǣ߶ĴζǹһʦӸҶܵ
ô鷳ҳ㷹ͿԣҪǳԵСҶ˵ͷλкȻ˵Ҫ꣬ҲҪŪЩĶͨķ˾ͿˣЩͬ־ⱼθǺܺã̫̼ʳˣºӹΪɡ
ð죬쵼ʲôҪ󣬿ǼȻʱһ¾СԴ˵ǿĺܼ򵥡
ǣ¶һ°ɣȻͨһ¡Ҷͽ¶Ÿ˳ܰǡ
õġ˳ܰ̾ʹӦ
˷׷פԼķҶ͸г˸кг䡣
ˣЩ棬֪ҶʲôҪԼ˵ӦһҶһķ䡣
˼ˣҲЩɣ֪λ쵼ʲô顣
˽֮Ҷ˿ܣõطٸƽͳˣõҲǸûʡ
Ǻǣ߶Ȼǲƴ֣ϧҶЦ
ģ־ҪӴһЩҪȷ˵һЩ̣ԶڽӴⷽ滹ǱȽϿصģǵĴܹȽϵصķˡ̾ͱʾ
˵¶۽ƽҲȷʵǸԼȻأȴӰԹͬҵĹעԼһЩгз
ֵĺܶƷڹʢںĳЩңҲǴһЩͨ豸ڶǹҺܻӭ۸УҲѵõľά޷㣬Ժг
ⷽ۽ƽȷʵҪȺܶ쵼ְһЩ
ŶóǺҪģʵҲ״򷢣ֻҪͼǳԹҲûʲô⡣Ҷ˵Ҹ˽ӴҲһЩоǸϲǵĸвͲʽ
˳вͣǳͣǳʶ£ҲǿġͷͬҪ˵ӼҹӣҾôһǸϲԼĴͳ
˵гıһʡְ񣿡ҶȻʵ
Ŷʱһ£֪Ҷô֪¶ģͬʱҲǣҶ¶ǳʲôĿģһ£ͺܽʵҶ⻰ǻлˡ˼
ǺǣһѡҶһٴеı飬ʱҡҡͷЦҸ鲿Ʒɲϵпɣż߶飬˵ǱȽľߡ
ҶǸϵ찡ˣʱЩԾ
Ʒɿ鲿Ĵ󲿳ͬʱҲίԱ쵼ˣݵλܲһ㣬Ҷܹ˵ϵпɣǾ;ԲǡϵпɡĸֿԸģû׼˼λеϵҲ˵ġ
ϸһ룬ҶôܳмίְûкıǾһġ
ϵһɣ˵ϻҶڴһʵҪϸʡгǹˣֻȻЩͬʡĹϵҲҪͨòСˡֱԣڹ۶ϣг߶ٰ֮
ˣЩ֣֪Ҷ˵¶ǳʲôԭ
һ£ǺػشˣҶǣֲڣгܲܲܲˣĻ̫ʧˡ˵飬Ǿȥˣһ쵼Ǻͬ־Ҳǿüġ
Ҷô˵ԲԣǾ˵г⻰ʵҸ˽¹ͨ˼ֻҪ˵һһûд󶯸ɸ꣬ҲûҪ̨Ӱһ仰һιȵġ
ҶĻɵ۾һֻҶ⻰жٿŶȣʵеɡ
ͷķǵĹٳˣʵǼ̫ˡ


723 Ҫס
ʲôô˵ģĵ绰ʱЩԾʵ
ǵģȥķ䣬ᵽ顣Դ˸еЩԾǾ͸Լ쵼¶ֻ޷жϳڣ
ȷʵеɡ
˵Ҷƽ֮ǰҲûйʲôһι鴦ֵ飬ȷʵֶһЩӰ졣
ǴʱҶͻȻų˱ȽѺõ̬ʾһ̶ȵ⣬ȴЩ׼ˡ
Ҷʲô˼أ
ĻǳĬһӣȻ˵Ļôһ㵹ҪǷһܴˡ
쵼Ī֪ĵϸЩʵ
Ҳ˵ǵ飬ȥһ£֪ҶݡЩпضԼǰ˵˵ͷܴҶǬҶϵӣίҶƽͬ־Ķӡ
ô˶ʱһɵ˵˾䣬ֲᣬͳɲɼί浹ѡĺ׼
˵⻰Ҳеġ
ίйʶģˣ𲻵ãû£ﲻβ˵Чˣ̾кܶܲˡ
ɲ飬һϵһϵģҪץ˼ֵµ˵İѱȻͻлӵ˳ۡ
ԼͼɲһץץСϺףĴϻȴô׾ܹʰˡ
ҶмίһְȷʵƵģΪԭԲκӣֻҪǷϹ涨ԭģֵܹס
һΣΪʲôԶǻǵҶֵİӣȻⷽĿڡ
ӵܣ̳ˣҶݣȻ
ɲΪҶҵˣŻᱻίεģǸǳˡϾǳʡҲ֪ԻһЩǰֻû⵽ҶˣĴ֮£ȻܹõܶõϢңɹܶ£Щ˵Ϊܼ̫ߣίǣҲûʸ˽ģҲҪίԱһ𣬲пܻ֪顣
ˣǾЩ棬û뵽Ϊȫļ֮һίǣûʸȥ˽Ҷϸ¶Щ˼
Ҳһ˵ˣҶȷʵͬСɡ
ȻֱӸô˵Ǿǿŵġ˵ûбҪ˵ѡңҾ֮Իô˵Ǿһ˽ˣΪǿ֮ġ
ˣɵЩ㵡
ˣ˵ǿ֮ģôһеԾҪҶһʮ˵ëͷСǿ֮ĵĻеӦʵе̫׶ˡ
һëͷСӺҲ˰
Ǻǣöǲ׵顣Լǰ飬ȻǷǳ˽ģȻ֪Щʲô̾ЦҶδƶߣڶҶүӺҶƽˣѾ˺ǿӰУǷǳѵõ飬ȸҪǰԶˡǲ֪ΪһţҶҵӰжôԶҵܹ˵Ҳֹʡˡ
Ȼڵ㲦δΪԼľźˣҪһĻûˣǴҶĻᣬҲܸı
ϾҶȻܹǿһǴӴַǲʵģҶǿƣҲΥֵһԭ⡣
ͲͬˣΪʮɲʱʡôʮͷʱȫԸһȻԱȽҪɲԺǰ;ȻԶ
Ҳڶδѣôڻ˵
쵼ô㲦ʱҲӦ˹
Ȼ˵Ҷ̫ˣҶҵڶҶƽȴԼ£ܹͨҶҶƽίԱ˸ǣδĵ·ȷʵҪߵöˡ
쵼Ҳǿ֮ģδ˼Ҿܿҡ˵ʡ֪ܸܲĶԺ黹Ǻ˵
֪ڵĹؼڵϣδЩûʧ飬Ͷ˵ҪʵǻҲҪȥգʡĹҪҶǱ߶ҲܹӴһ£Ҫʲô̸̫һ̸ϵ⣬Żõ֧֡
ʵҲúҶǶЩøеĻҲȥ˵ʲôõĵķϻϾĸɲҶҵָ̳ˣڶһгôŵ̬
ȻҶôˣǾǶôɣֻĹɼõҶĿ϶
ԺǷҶϵУġ
ʵϣԺߵԽߣ쵼Խˣڹٳ֮ϣܹԼĽӰߵø߸ԶǺܸ˵顣
쵼ڶҶǱ߶ҪᣬúõؽӴһµģ쵼˵ûҪɼǱģҲҪġ
ȻᣬܾܲŹᣬյ˵ġ
˵ôǲҵأҶƽӵӵ绰ʱ򣬲ɵЩЦã㵱ںǲǣʲôëƤ飬ϳ
߶ĹȷʵҲǷǳصġ
һζʱҪ᳹˼룬ͬʱҪչãҪľոտ꣬칤ҲǱȽҪģҶƽҪЭ飬ȷʵæòɿ
Ҷִ绰æ飬ҶƽȻñȽϷˡ
ɲǲҵΪٲҶǺмֹٳֵȣǵض˵ҲҵδڽڶԸɲɲҪģò׷һɲţҪ֮Ļǿҵشʧ
˵ôҶƽˣΪһ򲻺ġ
ȻҶ֣µƼôгӦģҶصˣпõӹš
ȷʵҲǿǵľӪ֮󣬲ŷֵġҶʾһΣȥǲֵ⣬һСľͻᵲס˼ҵĽ֮·ȵǵĵϸ˽Ǻ⼸ķչˡ
ŶĻϸϷҸƷͬ־ͨһ°ɡҶƽڴӦ
ڶҶҶƽѡεġ
ⲻǸ֮ĸ⣬ͬʱҲΪҶԼ¶ͱȽϿ׶ûиҶƽңһֱڸѩ̿ġ
һܹһǰ;ĸʡԱĻҶҲãҲã顣


724 Ҫ
۽ƽҶ͵ֱ֮Щ̤ʵ
Ҷгĵ̸Ҳ֪ᵽʲô飬ǲǹ۽ƽģ¶еЩᡣ
ҶǣҶǣôôɲأҲ֪ʲô·ȻܹΪĸˣǾ˵ǻˡ۽ƽԼİ칫棬ʼ⣬ݺõĲˮǺˡ
ǾԼû׶Դ򷼷򱣹֮Ѿʧ֮۽ƽ͸еЩꡣ
һΪû򷼷㣬еЩʧݣʴӣһ򷼷˭һͬܡ
ϾǹзͷüŮˣȻûմˣ򷼷ڿ˷;߷ȷʵܶࡣ
֪֮䣬۽ƽԼ򷼷һУȻѾ˵ǴʲôʱʼģǴʱͻȻʧȥͻ۽ƽӦ
Ҫһ۽ƽãԼĻħġ
Ҷڴȥ»Ƶ꣬򷼷µʱͽԼʳϰ߸ùˣ˵ֱݵĸ͹ģĿ
۽ƽ棬Ȼĵؿȥ
ҶҶҶ֣۽ƽ߶
ͻȻ֮䣬۽ƽɫͱˣЩģ߻ħһ㣬ɵô뿪վǰ棬ɴ۾ֽϵּʹţԳԵȴ˵
ܣôˣȴǱһ
ڹ۶ϣ۽ƽʲô״ĻֿҪ¶ˡ
۽ƽƺħסˣ濩죬˵ָͷȴָֽϵǸ֣һ𾪱顣
Ͻ˸ӣ˵ȪˮȻ͸۽ƽȥ
۽ƽ˹˵غ˼ˮ֮ǽƽ࣬ħҲתˣһȴǻһĴ󺹣һƨ档
ҶҶҶ仨Ҷ仨۽ƽֹһΪ򷼷˵ʲô飬ȴû뵽ȻӦˣ⵽Ǻ¶ǻ¶أ
Լ飬򷼷ֻǶ˵ʲôҶ仨ĻǾô¶۽ƽͲ²͸򷼷Ҳ˵
ʱ۽ƽͻȻҶ֣߶ţھһ˲ˡ
Ҳǳģת˲뵽ֿԣѵ˵򷼷˵ҶпԼΪԼ
뵽Ҷڸǻ̸ʱ˵Щ˵ʲôԸ¶ϣ½֮ȻܹԭеķչٶȣΪԻ͵ȵȣ˾ǲϣ¸󰡡
ôԵźţԼûпֻ˵ʱӺͿˡ
һҲǣΪĶ۽ƽӶӦļ飬ȴû뵽ҶλؼʵҲпܱԼĳ򶯣ΪԼıɡġ
ǣʮˣĻỤס۽ƽ
Ҫ֪۽ƽϣǲСģҪǶ˳ʡίǣҲδؾܹȫ
Ҷᣬεºܣܹס
ֻ򷼷˵飬ָνأ
ʱ۽ƽ飬ɵ˼֮С
ǲôԴп϶·һȡ·Ҷ½⣬ǽĿǰΨһ취
Ȼ򷼷ԤˣôҲֻһˡ
Ҷã۽ƽе飬̸һ£֪Ƿʱ䣿۽ƽ˶һѵľģ̾͸Ҷ˵绰ȥ
ȻˣӦȥĻпܻʧȥģҲ۽ƽô켣̳֮ϣóһҪĽۡ
һֱȵҲϷչӡ
۹ڣмҹܹôأ
Ҷŵ绰ȴһ˿Ц
ȷʵеȥˣǲֹһ
ڸղţ۽ƽʼ¶ļ󣬾гҲ˵绰ʾҪҶһģҸط
Ϊͬĸɲ۽ƽҲãҲãⶼĸɲȻҵɲ͵طɲȽЩͬǲɷϵǣǶĸɲӵǿӲĺĻ໥֮תҲʲô¶
Ȼˣһ£ҵɲҪתΪɲҪѵö࣬˵ʵְɲҪתΪҵɲǾͻ˾еԲˣ㲻ܰԼļ𿴵̫˰
ôӦ˵λиҶ̸ʸˡ
ңҶҲȷʵһЩ뷨Ҫշλ
˵λ̸˳Ļһ֮УǻԲɹˣ˵Ǳ߶˼˳ܰǣˣֻҪֵһЩݽһݱ漴ɡ
ʣµľ飬ãҶܸˣֱȥԶǻ㱨ˣʲô鶼Ҫܡ
ͬʱӵ˵ĵ绰Ҫġ
Ҷһ£Ǿȸг棬ϾԶҪ׽һЩ
ڱ˿ʡǸǳؼ飬ǶڱͨҶԣûôҪˡ
ؼһ⣬ѡ˱йӲı£鵹ǲôҪˣҶҶԣֻҪˣʮİա
Ҷǣ𣿡ͬʱ˼
ҶţЦʵξʲô¶
˼˾ĸּɲֻмίǱ߶ûйϺʵڵְλҶֱӺξˣҲʡ¶
ҶǣоǱ߶绰˵ϸͻǻˣѾ˳ϣָʹԵġ˼Ҷ˵ӦʲôӦ
оǱ߶мίҹһСŹİӣǷǳĵģȻ˵Щ˵кмеͷҲӵĵ绰оֵ뵽˵ıȻǲҴӦǷ˵Ҫ
ֻŵЩ˵УͲסˣѡ̹ףǽȴоǱ߶޷
Ȼ˵Ǳģ˵ľΣȴҲû֪¶һͷĹˡ˼Ҷ͵
˼ҪҪѯҶδ顣
Ȼ˵оַ˵绰˼ûʸһ𸴵ģֻйҶҶʲô
ҲҲǲ鲻ʲôġҶ룬Ͷ˼˵ˣоַ˵ǰ£뿪֮ٷǳζʱ֮ڣһˣôΨʣ
ǣˡ˼֮̾Ӧ
ȻҶô˵ˣôҲЩǲٵϱоּˣĻоַ治оҲֻаǼѺˣ޷ֵġ
ЩˣҲܵС࣬ڿϰ¶ѣСʹ룬һˡ
ǻ˸ĺһƤʲô¶


725 ʲô
Ҷǣ˵Щ˻᲻۽ƽģ˼ȻҶ
˼ãԼЩ˸ոǣʲô鶼֪ʲô˶ʶЩ˾ȻҲΧŹǣֻ˵һ⣬ǵıָʹġ
ĻָʹߣԱǵ۽ƽ
ֿ΢΢ǲڵġҶȻ񶨵۽ƽǴˣ֪ʲôʱӦʲô¶ܹǣӶǶķŭֻ³òʰ˲飬ȥ
ҶȻûи۽ƽʽ̸Ǵ򷼷Ҷ˽⵽˹۽ƽĺܶ飬˵Ը񣬱˵һЩϰԶ˵һЩս˵ֵһЩعȵȡ
򷼷ˣҺһЩĪֵ֮¹ǳϤڵи߲㣬඼ָƵģǶ۽ƽǾоԸ
ҲΪˣҶ򷼷֮ǵĹֵĹ˰˳ϣʣµĹʵǴɨսѡ
ⷽԭҶȫԶ϶۽ƽԼԼ鷳
ʱ򣬾ȻԼһ
Ȼܹ뵽Ҷıһ㣬ڴ쵼֪ҶʵݱǸеһЩ𶯣ϾҶǴҶҵ
û뵽ȻһҲܹĴ֮£Ǻġ
ϸ˵Ҳã쵼ҲãǴӱĸɲڵطи飬ͬʱҲ߱൱Ĺõúãܹطϴܴĸ
ǵĶ̰ҲǺԵģȻ˵ͨϲͨȴûд򿪣ԷչĿռޣʡͺҪɽٷһѣһٸҪʮŸ
һεĻã쵼ҲΪߣǽΣǺ˵ġ
һͻȻҶ֦ȷʵһֱڱҵͷϵĸоеţֶδǰ˺ܶĪڴ
Լֱܿ߶
Ҷͽӿһ棬Ȼ˽Ŵ򿪣ųֱ룬һֱȥٶײͣ
߶һܴͣˣʱе磬ûмҲʲôˡ
߶ҪȽ徲һЩҶ롣Ҷǲǵȥ̸
Ҷ˿̫յůģ
ϹһҹĴ磬ưѿˣеϿգѵõؿ죬ҶеȽ⣬ͬʱҲڻ̸Ͳ
뵽»Ƶгֵô͵豸豸ҶͲڷ̸ЩȽеˡ
ϾЩǹڸ߲ĸɲģһй¶ȥĻһЩõӰ졣
гǽͲůϰϰգǱ߶иͤȥ̸ΣҶͶ
һǱ߶ȻиľʵͤǺʺǱ߶ƺȲʲôģǾ͵ͷãҶǵġ
־ʹ˸绰û߶׼Եĺȵģһ͹
ող֪Ҷǵĸ׾Ҷ֣ȻǻȮӣЩп˵
Ǻǣ⣬˭ҲѡˡҶЦЦҪ£ǵŬ
˵ͷΪȻ
Ȼ˵ҶЩӵܣϾ;ƣҶӵǣʵĿҲܶģܹĳľͲˡ
˶˵Ҳģĸſģּȷʵǳ١
˵ĻۣҪ͵Դϵһ൱޴βƸһۣôӰǷǳ˵ġ
˵ڵҶңҶүѾ൱̶ȵԴҶƽѾվ˽ŸҶҵĴ쿸˹ȥҶүһڵķ£Ҷƽܹߵúȵ
Ҫһ㣬ǴʱҶѾվλϣںܶ෽涼ΪҶҷãһ˲飬ȫԺ޼ɡ
ڵҶңȻû˵ǶʵӰȴ˭Ҳ޷ӵġ
ټȫ¶һķչãףַ治дı䶯ҲҶҼȹ
ȵʮʮ֮󣬵Ҷƽ϶壬Ҷ׳ݽĵʱҶҳ͵ԴۣҲΪһ
뵽һǰҲɵЩԼл̤ôӴһ󴬵ģͿҶ̸Ľˡ
ʵҶ˵Ƿʱȷʵеˡ룬ǺֱӵᵽԼ⣬ϾҶˣϲ£븱ʡУ𽥽Ȩģÿһٳ׷Ҳ⡣ǳҶԣȷʵںܴϰ沢ûʲô֧ߣʡȻҵ쵼Ӱޣǰѣںȷʵûʲôա
˵֮۰Ͱ͵ؿҶ˵֪λҶ뷨
˵ǰһεĻֻ˵˵ѣԼ˴Цˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲΪѣʵܹҲ㹻ˡ
ˣʱ;ϷҶȷʵûа鿴̫أ˵ӦǺֵġ
ȻҶ˵ֻǵʡûкʵ˸Ǿͻ鷳һЩڼȻгʡΪǾûʲôˡ
ûʲô⣿ôӦЩʲôأˣδЩԼͷ۲ѣҲ·飬Ҷ߶ֻһûʲô⣬Ȼ˺ٵĲ࣬ȷʵܴ
㰡ÿȥʲôҶЦʡ漸λҪ쵼Ӧ߶һµģʾһԼҪϽ˼Ƿͷʲô⣬ֻһò⡣
˵ͷʾ˽⡣
Ȼ˵쵼ܹȨͨҶܹͨϲĹϵʡЩ쵼ǣҲҪϵģĻǽ˸ʡУò˵ͬͽɵĻĹҲǲġ
ڹٳҲǾӪ꣬ȻᶮһЩŵ
Ҷʱ˵㲦ҲǶȽˣʾȷʵûаˡ
ţ쵼Ҳ֧ԼҶϵֻԼ븱ʡеĻ˼δؾܹϡ
˼飬ͼ˳Եĺȵ˹
ҶǣȳԵȵɣθھͺá˵
áҶ˵ͷûж֣绰
ãҶҶ˵绰˶ԷһʲôȻͱ÷ǳǺǣá


726 
ãҶҶ˵绰˶ԷһʲôȻͱ÷ǳǺǣá
Ա߶ˣʱʶ绰ӦǺҪġ
ΪҶ绰ʱЦݵģԷͨôԲ顣
ϾҶǰʡĲʲôģҲɶѹ
ֵܹЦ绰ˣ벿ίЩǡ
뵽һҲ˵ˡ
ֻҲû뵽Ҷӵ绰ȴ鲿Ĵ󲿳ƷԴģ̸ĻҲǹġ
˵ҶԽԽ˰Ʒɲڵ绰Щؽѵ
аɱԩˣôˣҶЦ˵
ǰȥǣӾʹ绰егʡ飬ߥ޵ģӻ֪ǵ𣿡лƷɲʵ
Ŷ˵¶ҶٺһЦ¶ĸеϵҲܰ˶㵽ͷϣҾһ֣ǧģ˵òãôãȻλ£˵ʲôأ˵ǲǣ
˵ͦߵģһԵɵýһĸ
ΪѾˣλҶеӦþ鲿Ĵ󲿳ƷɣͬʱҲίԱ֮һոɲôȨţ
ҲˣƺλǺܸˣҶ̫ˡ
Ͼ鲿飬ҶҲҪ֣δ̫һЩǸʡɲʲôʱֵһĸɲˣ
¶ҲֵĳԱǣȥٳֵģҶڻǲʸġ
뵽вɵЩţҪƷɲˣԼ¶Ǿͻˣ
Ҫ˵ڵĻûиȥء
ҶȴģЦǺǵضƷ˵ǺǣĸҲ鲿أΪֵİӣǣλгƷҲһʱ֮䶯˼Ͳ˲λгϣһ˲ŰҾ;˲ܲû͸Ұһ䣬ҿû뵽ЧôߣȻ͸˵ˡ
ٳЩ飬ҿߥӵġƷ˵ƽǱ߶һ飬ôʱǵ飿ҪǼߥ޵ĻŲ¶
ߥ޵ĺˡҶɴһڳˣ߶ʱʲô˼أɲҲһҸ׼Ҳʡҿ˺ڣȴ첻飬ʱͷۡˣϴɽλûٸӹȥ
ܹӦ𣿣ƷɺһɣСӣԺϸЩˣĹϵҪǵôң
֪˼ҲףⲻǶɽθ㲹һҶЦ
ˣԺҪ죬ǵñþˡĩˣƷ˵ôһ䣬Ȼ͹˵绰
Ա߶ǵĶԻͬ˾κһ㣬ʵû뵽ҶӾȻ֮ƷﶼֱӶԻ˵ô⣬ǸԼֶһҪ⡣
ֻƷȻڵ绰汧Թһ٣ĿƺѾӦ顣
ˣҶ˵绰ЦŶ˵ëǺܺð飬ǵø˵ǷһѰ飬ǲԲˡ֪ƢˣȷʵҲ࣬Ҳᱻˡ
һ⻰ʱʵ˺ܶ࣬һʱ֮䵹֪˵ʲôˡ
ԭֻû߶ûض飬쵼Ķȡһ£ҲֻΪˣҪһҪŹᣬûҪô
û뵽Ҷĳ֣ȴôǿƵĸı䣬ȻͿΪɨϰ
ڵͼ򵥶ˣֻҪʡί߶쵼ʡȥʱ鲿Ǳ߶һᳩͨ衣
ӣǸĹģνͨıʡίλԱҲҪܵġ
һҲǵģ鲿Ĵ󲿳ҪһʡֲʲôҪλãҲ㲻úܼң⻹治
ҲûҵҶôῴҵģ˰죬ʳ⡣
Ҷ֮ȴЦЦҲ֪벻⡣
ʵһ˶ףΪʲôȥһϤĸɲֲһӪеģһǸոռ棬⻰ƷˣҲỳɵġ
ʵܼ򵥡Ҷһ¾˵һеĸɲУΨһһûб۽ƽסѱҪɲ
ˣʱһ㶣û뵽Ҷ˵Ļ
ȻеĸɲУûиֵ۽ƽеģһ⡣
ֵ飬۽ƽ飬ʵ˻϶Ǹһ⣬Ǿ۽ƽôҲԵġ
ҪչͲ뿪طַ֧֣չ֮󣬸뿪ط֧֣Լʡ֧֣Ĳ˵ֻһλҪժӣ۽ƽһҲסġ
߶ҲŵģһҪȡ֮Ĳ۽ƽϵǣҲΪġ
۽ƽΪԱѸһ˵ֵ̫飬ûʲôǴĽӶѣֻŲãҲ˵Ѿӻˡ
ԴӴķҲΪֵܴ
ҲȻԺãûб۽ƽʴȴҲûо۽ƽӰ쵽ֵķչҲûж۽ƽʲôĿ
࣬ҲǾԶֻ֮ǱֹϵĹϵѡ
ôڶʲôأʵ
ڶ㣬㶮ùȫ֡Ҷ˵еԶ׼ģָ֮ľᣬô˵󲻴˵ССֻΪ˾÷չ룬ڲǴĵشɲʱ̻еġ
⻰ɵЩвͶҲĲ
ֻ߶⣬ûصӰҲܹ״ĻΪǿܵģû籩ֻǿǵȴʱʱٶ֣û뵽ȴҶˡ
㾭סջ󣬷ֵΣƷҲԣҲŻһѡҶ˵ȻˣȱҲеģһЩ뵽ǰģԺעⷽҲʲô⡣
ҶĻɵһֵĸо
Ȼ˵ҶᣬǴ˵¶˼άȷʵֵġ
ҶҵӵܣǷͬһ㰡


727 ʵĲ̫
Ҷѡ˲ţʵǺԵġ
Ը̫ӲģǲõģۣãԸ̫ģҲǲõģ׽ڹҲá
ǱȽϿؼԸֱȽƽʵصĸɲǶԼбȽǿҵеĸɲ
ʵҲ⣬ҺòװˣƨһŤܵӪȥˣô¶أ
϶ǲˣǳҶϵ̾ͳְˣԭ⣬Ʋֵġ
ʵҶԣٳϵ˲ŲǺȱȱ뷨ĸɲͱ˵һ·εЩˣǵһϯ֮ء
ȱģʵʺϹĶûᾭӪ˲ţֵ۽ƽֶҲнȡġ
ԣ۽ƽһЩ⣬Ҳ⽫̳ϴɾˣȻίΡ
ǰǣ۽ƽöƴӣֳ㹻ġ
˵Լֵµ˲Ųܹ̤ʵΪԼ¶ǻҪʲôأ
Ҷֿ֮󣬾ֱݽӴ۽ƽ
۽ƽһͨһӾ͸Ҷˡ
ʲôҶһʱеΣϽֹ
ȻҶȷʵе֮ĸɲܽͷͰݣƺҲе̫ɶˣңҶǼƻҪ۽ƽģȻܿô֡
۽ƽһ£Ҳеҡ
򷼷˵Ǿ仰˼ֱҲûףԼһҪ
ҶǵյľֹͿԿóλҶȻᣬȴǲ׺ŪģȻмίҰɹ鴦£Ǿ˵ȫһˮʯ
۽ƽȻҲܶӦ䷽һԺи֮󣬾Ͷ׷׷ˣգĻӲһεΣ
ҶǣһҪҰ۽ƽӲǿ˼ͷſڵϲ
ٲĻҿɾͲˡҶΪŪûʲôƢֻв
۽ƽһʱŶϽʵʵվһ߶
ʵ⣬ѾյĲˡҶԱ߶Ĳ豭һڲˮȻ˵֮⣬û̫صĻӻΪҵľӪҲȽģǵ巴ӦǲģҲϣ㱻£Ӱ쵽ҵơ
۽ƽҶ˵Ѿʱôš
Ҷ˵ʱɫʱͱˣû뵽Ҷ鶼ǻûʲô鲻ˡ
۽ƽһƨ棬û뵽Լ˺ü꣬µһҵһӾҶ֮С
Ҳ˵ʵ˼ҶͲҪϣҪɱҪУҲҪһ仰¶
Ҷǣҡ۽ƽҪ˵ʲôȴԼɤһɬϽԱ߶Ĳ豭˹˹˼ˮһ
㻹ͦڵģڶе棬ôĽשôŪģҶ飬Ƿǳġ
ڲʲô¶ڼôĽשȷʵҶеЩ棬Ҫ۽ƽһ
ʵ¶Ҳ򵥡۽ƽ͵ֲĲƷģĿǳ󣬼˵Ļ׾ͱ¶ˣֻҪ΢һзĽ׼¼ܹҾ˶󡣡
ɴҶһʱˡ
۽ƽ˵ͷֵĺܶƷǱȽܻӭģгϵҲȽϸߣԾǶϲȫֿˣҶһЩҪ󣬲ʲô¶
ҶˣҲеԾû뵽ֱ۽ƽôá
Ҫ֪ҵ㶼Ǻ˳ծȽأ۽ƽܹҧֿˣҲȷʵܹûбծϿһҪԭûԶֵҲǲùġ
Ҳ˵ⲻ¶ûܹסѱҶ˵ͷ
۽ƽΪôһܣԳԺȺʲôĶ㲻ʲôڿҵж洦ɼһӯ˾˵ĹУ㲻ʲôˡ
˵ֻס۽ƽһС£Ծ̫ǿˣҲʲôŷ
¶÷ǳأû뵽Ǳϰˣ˵עġ۽ƽ̾˿ڵ棬Ķ򷼷֮ЩˣԤһ㣬˵һȻˣӽҶǾҵϰˣʲôָʾҶ᲻۲۵ִС
ڣ۽ƽǳ׷ˣֻеģҶ᲻Ͷϣҽ
Ҷôᣬܹôס۽ƽ
飬۽ƽԼҲûе׶ֻץסһݣ򷼷˵Ļƭġ
϶򷼷Ҳǹˣصϣ򷼷Ӧò
ˣôгķݶϣҲͲΪʲôˣˡҶǳػ˻ֵ
ллϰ壡۽ƽˣڷ
ֻҪҶ˿϶Ĵ𸴣ôǿһ˽ᡣ
Ҳһ¶ûСҶ˵ͷóһ³ſһ£ȻŪĴȣҸڵڼǴϣֵĵίְǲܼˡϸҵľһ£Ϊ
Ƚϴ󣬻᲻Ӱ쵽۽ƽеĵ
֪Ƚϴ㻹ôӣԼʲôҶûһûмôģôܳ԰ǲص׷ۣҲ׳
⵹ǺǼֵڵİ׷ۣ治̫󣬶ȷʵ׳֣תĳЩһɾǮ
ôĽӣҪǳֵĻ治׵ġ
ҶڻƽƷĹǱȽϸģҲƵúܽûкǿĹϵͲܴģ֡
˾ƺⵯ˵۽ƽõڼǴԼҪˣҶܵλϣֻҪɸίַȨⶼȫܹܵ
Ͼ۽ƽеԼǸոմͷһȦˣҶɷŹʵףҲеΥȻ򷼷˵û
ϰ壬Ȼ֪ҵҲֻһ仰飬Ϊʲôأ۽ƽ飬ʼ벻ͨġ
ǺǣԸһ޷ǾΪ˲ıԣҲнȡģҪּܹչȥĲ̫ڣҶЦЦ
Ĳ̫ڣ۽ƽˣеЩ
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Ĳ̫ڣ۽ƽˣеЩ
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ңе˸ӿɶ񡣡Ҷ˵Ϊ˽ҵ˽лԼ֮ЩѱӯܺõҵӲ壬ù¸ڣͼ۱ӵˣҲûпЩˣĺˣ
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۽ƽͷʾԼһμġ
ʵͨ飬ҲڷʡϵһЩ⡣Ҷ۽ƽ˵ȨĽǵ¹ųش̰¼Լҵ߹ܲΪΪҪԭԺһЩǹعҵУиҲǷǳҪġ
Ҳܸ𣿡۽ƽЩȤʵ
ҾӦÿԡҶͷŷ޺һЩиҵҲǸĳ˽ڵĸ󣬳˸شҵ֮⣬ӦÿиƣһΪ˳гһҲΪ߻̼ɲְĹԣЩǱġ
۽ƽҶĻȻЩ⶯뵽ЩӣԺ󶼸ˣʱЩɥûʽʲôȥMBOָˣҲûôʽȥչɷݣֵ쵼Ȩ
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ԶҶĻ֮΢һӣȻ˵ҶĹǱȽġڱְ֮⣬㻹ܹ߹̰ԭҸеǳˡ
˵δƶϷ̽¼ͼ칤ķʽ淶ɲⶼǺģܹؿչⷽ̽ǵʱ˻ƶȣȡ˲ĳɼһδиֳ⣬һδֵ飬úܺá
ǺǣⶼӦõģȻŵλϣܲ£ʬλز͡Ҷǫرʾ
ҪǴĸɲǣô룬ǵ鷳ҲҪٺܶࡣԶ̾˿
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ڽĽӣҶͨתˣȻҲȥ̰µѪǮֻǸһַʽ׼֮󣬽ٰǮͶ뵽ֵĸƹȥ
ڵʽ𣬿Իȡְٷ֮ʮҵĹɷݣΪ˹й֮Ĵɶȷֵ쵼λҲǱ֤ܹ۽ƽĴ£Ի͵ϡ
򷼷Ǹ鷳Ѿʼ»ƵˣȻͶҶˡ
Ҷһ룬¶վǲ׵һԼ߶ͻȻһŮҪԷɴ׵˿ǻֵԼȮġ
ϼһ£򷼷ͽҶİţͨƵ֮õʽټϱӵõʽһ˴ԼңֻɱУ׼Ͷʷزҵ
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飬ȻԶѾǽˣǷӰȴҪҶԴģĻԺǸ鷳顣
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ҶǣһλᰲǽԶǵĽӼ˳ܰǵЩ
˵ڻֻǸոս˸⣬ҪΪгίԶǣȷʵףԶӲ칤м仹пܵģڿҶҪͳﰲŵģǲͬ
Ա߶˼ԴҲܸȤͿҶô˵
Ǳ߶Ѿ̸ˣӼҵģʱ䲻ж೤ǰСʱҡҶһ϶Ĵ𸴡
𰸣˶Ƚ˷ܣΪгί֮һԶǣڰæ֮вټѾǺѵˣԭΪҲʮӵ飬˭֪ҶȻŪ˰Сʱʱ䣬ȷʵװ
Ҷǣȥ˾ǣǲǿԷż٣ôҺúһ棿мίһɲʵ
û⣬ҴӦҵģͷ˰һ£ת죬ԺһˡҶЦŵͷӦ
֮ǰԸʾ³֮ҷŸ٣úһ棬ҲǹԲƵؽ⣬ȻҪֳŵˡ
мί߶ĸɲȻû˵ʲôǴӱмίĸɲǵĴҲЩ۵ġ
һƽ쵼ȻǺкôġ
ξ֣߶ͬ־Ҳһɣ֪һСҶȻЦŶ˼˵
ҶǶô˵ˣǿ϶ûġ˼̾ЦŻش
һε飬ҶһְˣȻ˵һЩԵĹȷ˵ֵĸֵ飬ԸѯʣؼȴҶȥģ˼ɵúܡ
ʵֻҪǹı棬ܹ˳ͨǳɹ
ҶҪһͬ־ǣȻû˻ᷴˡ
˻ʮСʱʱ䣬˾ǡ
ȸ˵طס֮Ҷȥ˶үǱ߶
Ӵȣæ˻ˡүӵеû¶Ҷ̾Ц
үүǸأҶүӵİ칫̯һѵĽѫʲôģɵЩʵ
٣ղиսã˳ǰ飬Ͱѳ֥ùӵĶһ˵ЩЩͷˣЩԼҲǲˡүЩп˵ȸһ죬ϽͣҲûؼû¶һɽʲôģⱲӣûΪ˽¶ء
ҶˣҲɵЩп
үΪְϵƽʱȽ٣ǼҪĹңֵԳãһ굱ҲûмγеĻᣬ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ھӽ跽ˡ
ȵڽĻʱأȷʵҲǹصġ
һιǸԶǽģүҶ
ǰʼܵýһ¡Ҷͷ˵һλҪһºͬ־ģЩҪ˵һ˵ܴܲɹʶ
Ǽίû¶ͲҪͱˣͬ־ҲȽæ߶飬æûڵصģһǸ˰Ƹĸ飬Ҳǽչʡʡǣһ̸УƶȥүҶĻͶ˵Ƚ϶࣬ͬ־ҲȥϷμӻүүͦæģʱȥ¡
ҵȥأǾ鲻ʱ˵仰ûмҲࡣҶ̲ס²ۼ䡣
˵Ҳ飬Ϊгίڶ쵼ˣҶүӵ࣬ҪμӺܶ»ҷˣƵ㵡һҵĿˣǲý͵ġ
ôһڣҶѵüһ档
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ҶүǱ߶ϵһ£ʱЦҶ˵Сӣãͬ־үү۹Ƶ飬ҪȥĻʡ¶ˣһȫˡ
ǵøϽҶˣʱҪܣܵǱ߶ֻͷԶү˵ͬ־һǧ߰ҪҪ˵һ˵ġ
УҸ˵үЦŰ˰֣Ҷġ
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˰ɣȥҪЩ顣ͬ־ԥһµ
ΪԺǱ߶Ķͬ־һæûڵصģ޲ԼܹĸԴֱȻǺעʱ䰲ˡ
Ͼ͸ϹˣЩ¶Ҫ㱨һµġҶү˵Ҳ֪ˣʱ䱦ƽʱԼõ
Ҷˣȥ˵ֵôͽ⣿ͬ־֮󣬾Щ
ֵ飬ͬ־Ҳ֪һЩʵЧͻͽҵҲԸȥһмίȥ飬ҲЩģΪ˽⣬Զ˾ģרųҶȥִ֡
û뵽Ҷ¶ô䣬¾͸㶨ˡ
ӦǽˣҲҶү΢Ц̸飬Ҳǹڹĸģ϶һ£㲻˵ЩʲôҪ˵Ĳ׶ѵһҲǱģʡ֪ԼܳԼɷƮƮȥĲʵʡ
Ҷүôһ˵ͬ־Ȥӣô˵Ļ緹ˣ˵Ҷ߶Ĳ㶹òһ
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УҲһЩ⣬ҪҺ鸱㱨һҵ뷨ǲǿһЩĳԡҶǷǳֱӵԼ뷨Ҫֽҵƣϣõ쵼ǵ֧֡
ҪֽҵƣҶүӺͺͬ־ϢԵЩԾȷʵûԤϵġ
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ͬ־ҲʾַչĲΪʲôͻȻ뵽أ
ΪַչĻҲŲ뷨Ҷضλгί˵ѵǵõȵҵɽˮˣȻŻῼǵƵ𣿡
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ΪַչĻҲŲ뷨Ҷضλгί˵ѵǵõȵҵɽˮˣȻŻῼǵƵ𣿡
ŶҶүӺͺͬ־ˣеЩ˼ˡ
Ҷ⣬ȷʵǷʡ
ʵϣҵԴͨˡ
ʵǺܼ򵥵ģǰʱҵ룬˵ҪˣԺǩͬϸˣҲ˵ǰΪȽ޵ɻģɺøɻһǸϰɻˣҪ˼Ҫġ
Ǵ˵ֱܹ仯ģǼ
ԣֻЩʵڰȥˣҪƲҵ棬ŻƶҵƣӪȽϺõҵǲȥġ
ǣҲ⣬ô룬ô룿ҶһѪָ⣬κεطǴìܵģǹؼҪǵĲǴһìܣҪȫֳҳһҵչЧĴ
˵ȥͬ־ˣǸȤ⣬Һһ
ȻֶҶү˵ҶϣҶͬ־ȥַû뵽ȴҵҲȤˣ϶ЩõĿģԶͬ־һøҰɣԼӶһԱɽ
ҶүˣЦЦûзʲôֻǴߴҶ˵˵뷨úͬ־ָָ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ҵƵĵҲˣЧҲԿóһ֮󣬹ļֵõ֣ӪҲҪģͨչ֮ķʽǵҵһҵˣùȾԼ֮ҵôǵõҲǷǳɹ۵ġ
ûҵƵıͬ־ͷͬʱǼ˵ǻۺȻܹҵܶİ취ΪǣȻе飬ԾҪȨҵľӪȨͬʱҪĸԸظŬԸƾǱġ
ȻˣôҵܹͨôӪ״̬ϺõҵУΪʲôͲܽиأҶ̾⡣
ҶүӺͺͬ־ҶĻɵ÷׷üͷ
ҵƣ˵ǲѶΪ֮飬ϾǸıҵʣҼôľԭǲͬģǲѶΪܹ֮˵ùȥ˵ҪѾӪõҵҲƣƷԵ˾Ͳһˡ
ԭҴҲܹµó̫úõҵҪˣܶҪԵġҶҲûΪǣֱӾ͵⣬ǣλû뵽һ⣬ƹҵֳ˹ļֵǻ˷ĻرôûиƵҵĹ㣬ڲƽȵĻر¼ǵ𣿡
ŶλгίҶ⣬ʱסˡ
⣬ƺûǹʱҶ˳ɵҶүӺͺͬ־еǳ𶯡
ǰúõҵ͸ÿҵ϶ǲͬģӹɣڸ֮ͳôһӣ˼ٵһƣ̾۱ϰ壬Լ˵ˣͬʱҲȥˣҾҾڡ
ǹǿЩأûеõκεĺôΪǵҵӪúãҪиơ
ĻԭȵЩҵԸĸ𣿡ҶʵҲҪ̸ʲô׾Լ˹˵ʵڻǾûǰͷԸĸ׿ˣкܶ𣿡
λүӶ˵ˣҶܽԣҾҵниԵ㣬ʵҲǷǳҪһ飬ֵóԵġ
ȻӵģǷ㹻˵ǣҶүӿ˺ͬ־һۣҶʵ
ͬ־Ҷ˵ͷʾҶүӵ˼Ҳ˼
ԿҵƲҵиƣǷǳѽе飬ҪǶԾӪõҵиƣҪŤתҵµĸɲְǵ뷨ȷʵܲס
˼ĸֲ˵˵ѡ
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ľӪƣȻ޷˳Ӧгһ̭Ľ
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ٸӰɣһȥ֡Ҷλү˵
ֵ⣬㲻Ƕûʲô⡣ҶүӾʵǵзչģʽ귭λӹڸǰӮ˵һҵûҪƵıҪ
Ҫ˵ľ⡣Ҷ˵ҸԶ׼Ļ㱨ݶǿֻһݶһݶʱҵ档
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ΪҵǿҵĴǷʵġҶشȻͽһݱȽϼ򵥵Ĳȡ˳λүġ
ǷϵʱҶһ˵ܹӿıԵΪġڵҵ۽ƽûı󣬻жʧģҪ׽⣬ͱϽһЩҵҲʼиƣĻʹһֶΣܹһҴҵļҵ׶Ϳգ쵼ȴҪеκεΣ
ȻܹŪڣȴûб˷֣λүӿ۽ƽ֮󣬶ʱʧɫȻûϵĽ
ֵ⣬Ҷ˵ص㣬ҵɵĹʧᱻҵö࣬ĳַʽ⣬൱ڱЩҵĹ򸯰ܡ
ȴӿҵƲҵиƣȻԣҵԣǲƽģҵְʳǵģǹأûпǹһҵǷܹڸ淢չҪʵǹҶʵΪļֵûеõ֣ûдӾòʽȷиĸԵ¹Լ취Ǯָǻֹ⽫ҵ壬ȻиƣֳԼֵİ
λүϺѿı飬ҶͲò֣µض˵Һλķ׾񣬵Ƕͨ˵ֻϣΣǿΣԣ˵Ǵڵģǳء粻ܹҵиƵĻ֮󣬹ҵذ裡
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ʱһƬŵУһܹõ
ҶȻҶү뿪ȴûиеκεĲףֻؿͬؿЩϵĺͬ־ƺڴ
ͬ־ЩϣüͷȻҲǳƽ
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Ҷֵʵ벻ôһġڵҵУΪܵ۽ƽܹɵؾڣһܹ֪
ľӪ׶ˣȷʵѾǳˡ
ֻû뵽ҵȻأҵдڵ⣬أҶ˵ĻᣬһҲҶү˵Σô򵥣
˵ڶԾȽо쵼ˣͬ־ǱȽרҵһλں۵صȷһЩԶ׿ʶȷʵǷǳҪģܹгίУ˹ƵĴ
ҶԣĿǰĺܶѾ˱ȽصĿƲиƵĻܶҵ·ΪһĹڹҵ˽ӪҵľУȫ
һ㣬ںܶ쵼˶ˣҲǣҪıһУǰҲ˺ܶĹȷ˵ϵĵϵбʽϵķֵȵȣ˺֮ܶȴЩֶζԣҲܹ׽⡣
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ͨҵƣܹ׽Щ⣬ЩìܣôҶʡʡ
Ҳ֪˶֮󣬺ͬ־ŷеЩϣ̾˿ȷʵֵоģ˵ûҲΣǷ˵ºڣ⣬ʼͷһ鷳
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ںͬ־ĹֱҶǷǳģҲͬھϵһЩֶΣֻھ嵽һЩ棬ȻҶΪ˽⡣
ʵĸѾˡͬ־˵84ʱ򣬾ҪԾüֵɵļƻƣչƷáʱĸĸҪΪʵֿȨ뾭ӪȨ룬ĸҪʩʵгƣڴҵʵгаӪƣһЩС͹ҵʵ޾ӪȫƴҵУʼ˹ɷƸҵŻĸĸԵ㡣
ôĽǵ87ףȫĹдҵձʵ˳аƣͬ꣬϶˹ɷҵƲһ֯ʽԵԼʵУ涨ˡȷϽնǸԲĳаԭ
ȻаڵʱȡһĳɹǳаƵҲ𽥱¶ͬ־˵Եǰ꣬빤ǿҪתҵӪơȥ֮󣬹ԺͲٹҵаҹˡȫƹҵҵתӪ
ڣҾͷ֣ҵڲתƣҲ⡣
ʽ𡢼;ѷҪұᶨж⿪ߣͶʣĸʽȽ͹顣ĸľʵ̣ԵطʵΪ¶ƽĸͬ־ƺڸҶЩĸԴҲΪԼԹĸҪǲȡԵĴԭ򣬴ӷȨȨĳаƺתӪƣĶǡߡʵ߸ĽĹ̡ʵ֤õߣ߼ȡ˵ȨȡȨʵ֤Чδ֤߼ƽɷԵ㡢Ĵȡ
ҶţΪЩֻЩ쵼˽ŻףʱжôӣҪԵѹжôء
һ㣬Ҫ˵ģǾǣұøãøӸȷ̽ûֹͣͬ־ǳᶨضҶ˵ԣҶ֧ϵҲϣ룬ܹΪĲ䡣
Ҷ˺ͬ־Ļ֮ҲñȽϼ
վׯصͬ־˸Ȼ֤һ鸱С
飬Ҷ˺ܶࡣ
ΪƵҪˣͬ־ⷽȨǱȽϴģҶͿԲָƵ飬ȻӦҲһƬ⵽ܶ˵ķԣҶԼͬǷǳҪġ
ܹƳɹôҵĸƹ̽һ·
Ȼֻһίǣٳ飬ôڸ߲ĿеĵλҲ÷ǳҪ
ҪģǿԱܶҵʢ˥ı磬ıЩΪΪض˥ܵҵĹǵˡ
ͬ־ˣ
ͬ־뿪֮󲻾ãҶүӾת˻
ǰҶվߵҶүԣ߶£Ȼ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵Ҫһ緹վûܹɹ
ͬ־Ǳ߶ֽӵ˵绰˵иҪҪȥһ¡
Ĳ˾ˣúóԶٷҶүЦ˵˵үҲһûһϳԶٷˡ
ģ˼ҹæҲԼĹТȫҶͷͬ
ţҶһ䣬ղţ˼ûɣ
Сӡ١ҶүҶ⻰ɵЦҡҡͷȻЩ޿κεӡ
ҶҶүһǷǳϲģҶҲȷʵ
ĺܶ飬ȱҶĻͲܲôҶƽҲôͽ˹ҺȨȦӵС
ʱҶҵϡСʼ̨ϿʼֳԼĴڸУҶַԽԽҪӰ
ҶүӵȻûֻ̬ѡ
Ͼǰͬ־ҲҪһģñ̬ҶүӱһҶ̬ȣˣ֣ʡ˲顣
ȻҶͬ־ĹͨȽϵλҲõȨܹԸֵ׽ˣ˵һǳİ
Ǽ飬һҪ˵ġҶүݵôô󵨣ֱӾͰ۽ƽˣڵ⣬С£ôȻ˼ıԶ󣬴ӴǺʵģ䵽˵УҲǱȽص⣬Ӱ쵽Ժķչ
ҶүӵҶͷǳϿҵӡ
үү˵öԣ¶ȷʵһķաҶ˵ҲһôָƳɹˣȷʵܹΪҵһͷãƶƣôܶ࣬ҲܹúܶҵһЩ·
ţģǴͿҶүӵͷúȥȥЩϼһڱ֧㣡


732 ʦ
Ҷү߶緹Ҳ򵥣ղΪͬ־ҪԷҪһ㶹ʱӵģľˣһ÷ɲ⣬һ
˵ʳ׷мñȽϾµ㡣
Եɣ߶ĴջǺܲġҶүӶҶ˵
áҶͷЦһڣԵǺзܹ涫ˡ
Ҷү˾Ц˵ͦίƵģǽͳԸ¡
˵һ˵ڵķˣȷʵ÷ǳ£ҶȻϰ˴⣬ǳ߶ˣҲúζ˵Ǹ÷ɲ⣬ǿһ˼˴
˵һ֣黹ǱȽ׵ġҶүӵȻ˵۽ƽҲǱȽأǸֵĴֱȽǿģǸǿԿ϶ġ
Ҷ˵ͷôҪԭ򣬾ǲԸֵһӾͱ¶۽ƽȻ⣬ͬӸο⣬ԭ򣬾ϵ⡣
ܹƽбҪĸı䣬۽ƽ飬
Ȼˣ¶ֻضĻҲǲġҶүӽ˵ܹڷ֮̾뵽İ취ұȽϿصģҲϣ˳˳ؽβ͡
һٷʵԵҲǺ
СʱʱڣҶүӾͽҪ绰ǱȽϼ顣
ҶһԿˣоͲɵЩпνܹһ¸ôĹңȷʵõ
ʵϣ߲Щ쵼ǣûһԼʱġ
ҪıƵģǹ󡣡ҶȻûͷûԶ˵ôһ䡣
ţҶүĻһ£ȻͼԶû
ҶүǱ߶֮󣬾Ϳͷ
Ҷֳȵˡ
־ֳáҶԼͷ˾ɵЦȻһ
Щ֣ΪҶЦЩŹ֡
Ȼ֪ľݵϹҲһҶʰһ٣Ҵñӡ
Ͼͬͬյ̫ˣʵ̫ڻˡ
Ҷͬ־ߣȥ˵˵Ҷ˵
áҶ˵ͷ
˾һ߹ȥһȻŴڸ˹ȥ
־ֳôͻȻ뵽˵Ҷ˳֮󣬾Щʵ
ΪоֵţЩͶ߶͵¡Ҳ⣬ͶҶԹ
ܳҾ֪ô¶ҶˣʱЩߵغ
飬ҶԤϵġ
ܹ״浽߶Ǿ˵ԷҲСĻоֵĴųǱ߶֪ô״أ
ʲôô۵ģҶ֮󣬾ٸʵ׶
֪ʲôڸĺ״ҶźԵʰȥҪǳһԲźõģʡǸҶ鷳
ʲôˣҶֳɣЦ˼Ҿٱ㣬㻹Ҫȥɣ
һҪȥأҶһ
ʵҶûʲôǲ˵ģΪҶү֮ԨԴҶϵҶǰûʲôƣ˵ʲô˵ʲô
һԣҪȥǾͲˡ˵Щ飬ʲô¶ҶǶԷȣҲͲ˵ʲôˡֻԺʱû¶òҪ¶Լһݣʡ˸ͶߣҪ֪Щ˵۾һֱڶģһЩ鷳Լкô
ðɣлˡҶ˵ͷлҵģӦòɣ
ţǴʦ˵˴ڣ˳һ㡣Ҷ˵Ҳոպöл˼ңһһȥͺܷ㣬ʡǵ˶ˡ
лҲˣҶ˵Щȡ
ǰǴʦգÿʱͽͽǶҪġش
ŶҶ˵ͷ˵ǲ׵ġ
ʦͽͽǣ϶ⷽĸ֣ǳоֵģеں˳֮ȻоֱűȽϽܵϵⷽԭҪʦҲûôס
ɼʲôطԼϵҪöࡣ
䱸ɭϵĴڣЩ˶ԣҲǿƽأް
Ҳûô򵥡Ҷһı飬Ͷ˵ǽߵһͨܵ߶
ڳ˵һӾʹعľһʽȺȻ󴩹Ժ䣬档
ҾͲȥˣϸ˵ҸʦûʲôֱӵĹϵҶ͵ſڣͲˡ
Ҳã˾һѹ̫󡣡ҶЦЦ
ʵҲ˵ЦѣҪнζʵȨȷʵܴ󣬱Ͼоֵս൱ǿӵӦװ˵һװʦҲȲϵġ
ںʵĵط˵սУЧǳˡ
ҲΪˣоڣҲŻоаȡ
Ҷ߽ȥʱ򣬾ͼԺѾʮλڣмλʮҵģһ˵
Ҷ߽˶һۣҲûʲôرķӦ
ҶҲϵǣǾƵؼߡ
ߵ̨棬Ҫݵʱ򣬾˰סˡ
˭ﲻȥġһʮ˶˵
ҶʦҡҶһۣȻش
ŶҶԷ˿Ȼ˵ȥɣʦһˡ
Ҷͷ˽ȥ
ЩˣҶıӰ˽
ʦǸʲôأ
Ҳǵ
˵ǺͷģСл֪ñȽ
ҿ˵Слмӣǲ֮еǸ˼
ҶĶܺãȻõЩ˵ۣЩ鵱ȻûʲôʱҲ˲Щۣ֮󣬾Ϳ˼λʮˣȥȻͽϴ󣬿һǾĿ˸Ȼйˡ
оǿִһҶֹ
Ϊոһ͸ܵ˱ȽϴѹЩλ¶ҶþǱѵӼڲһ
ʹõĻͱŵŤͷܻȥˡ
Ҷľ񹻴׳ģҲֻ࣬üͷͼ߹ȥ
ף
СӺж
ЩˣʱЩ
СӣʲôɲͨܽĵطŶи˾ʵ


733 л鷳
ʦңҲ֪ʲô顣Ҷһۣһ䡣
еɵؿһۣ˵ʲô˵ˣҶˣɡ
Ǵʦˣʱ˵ˣֻЩɵؿ˿Ҷ
Ҷ˽ȥͼķȴǴӲ濪˴ʱԵ÷ǳ
ʦڴϣϥɫһõ˵ģ
˵ڴʦΪˣҶǲֻ֪лĹŵӡ
һε飬ԼҲеΪʲôʦмӣл졣
Ǵʦ׿ϵĻлôĸˣδؾͻô˳ӡ
ʦã˵Ǵʦٳˣһ˶ôæֿտյ治˼Ҷȸʦ˸ȻЩǸȻرʾ
˵ʲôЩͽͽǶǲġϵװĴʦʱЦкͰӡ
ԭذҶˣʱͰĶˡ
˵¶ƻŸͷ͸ʲôģʱôһ˵ҶȻʡһ鷳ϾһھҲãδؾʱڣʦף١
ͷž˵ˣÿһҹգЩͽǻ뷽跨ϻͷӵģЩͬˣڴڹһˣǻ϶ǰϹˣҲͷӶ졣
ŶҶˣʱһ£֪ͷ⻰ʲô˼
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ʱ򣬵ǿվһԵлɫƽˮӦòʲôõ飬ĻлϿǴ治סʲôģҲόǼʲôġ
ˣǾ˼Żߵöȥɽٹ䡣ʦҶ¶һ˿͵ɫСͽܣеĲ£е飬Ƚ˲С
ʦΪлε飿Ҷˣ̾ʵһ绰飬ʲô˵ģֱӷԸҾ
ǺǣЩ˵ԻǵȽϺʡʦЦ˵
ҶˣЩɣǿлƺһãȻı飬Ҳ²ʲô飬ֻŴʦԼ
Сȳȥһ£ҸҶ˵仰ʦл˵
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ʵǵһġʦȻ˵ˣǰһҲôˣڸеǾޣѾԴȥ߶߶ܲҵҵĻԵ
ҶˣŶһЩɷõΪ֪ӦۣƽĶۣ飬ǾԶ֮ģΪ¶񻯡
ֻǿԼĹŹ־˵ϻкܶ飬ǿѧ޷͵ġ
νܹܽʶģǶǴ
飬ͺäһ㣬˶˵Լ֪󳤵ʲôˣӴֻеһС֣Ǵ塣
ϵڸľޣʶĴҲֻһС֣˵ǿԺԲƵһС֣ôһʱ򣬾ԼҪ񶨱˵һУȻҲһַǳЦ顣
ĿѧҲͼ֤һд˵еĴڶģĵģԼҲһ㣬ܹ͵ĶҲеļԺԵһСС΢һĵ顣
ãã棬ϻû̫߳ϵ˵ȥʶˡ
ԣҶڴʦ˵飬һǱ̬ȣȥͣҲȥֻǵһŵȤ
ʵҾͺϲֳȵԸ񣬲ʲôҲ϶ʲôֻԹۡʦȻЩпضҶ˵СʵǲģϧǾͲôһӣĻ޵ãֺαȥʲôɲʲôʲôˣ
ţʥҼϢĹίΣĸ߹١Ҷһ߶͵ƹһӣǾҪУΪһҲҪһɲˡ
ᵽ飬ҶҲЩ⡣
лһָĸɲʵʥı֣ҲǿȦɵģֹܹٳ࿹⣬ҽҶµĸɲ龭Ӫͬͨһ㣬ΣȻӹɵġ
֮ǰʾҪлλãкܶ˱ʾɣΪһŮƺ֧ŲôľģǻҪ̨ƺе̫ΪٿһǱ߶ƣͻҶȻƼһܺõĽӰˡ
ʱգлŮԸɲվϸߵ̨ġ
СһЩ⡣ʦȻҶ˵
ҶˣЩɻ󣬡飬Ҳģ˵ʦȻ֪ˣǿ϶ָܹİɣ֪Ƿأ᲻幹ʲôΣ
лҶȻǱȽϹĵġ
ʱ˵л⣬ҶȻҪʸģĻӰʥĹ˵ֻǶҲҪЩġ
֪߻ħ֮飬᲻ᷢлϣ
ҲǺأⲻӸԴϽᱬġʦҶ˵ʵһҼʱ򣬾ҪһЩģǲ֪ʲôԭ֮ûг¶ѾͷҲûк˼˵ôһӣǸ鷳һЩˡ
ҶˣžеӡˣƺǸֵġ
ʱлôһ˵ЩƿˣҪҶһ£пͻƿñȽһЩ
ʱҶֻǾЩǳ飬Ҳû˵ʲôлҲ˼ټ֮ĹϵȻǱȽУȴΪԭ򣬲ûзʵԵĹϵ
ǳⷽˡ
ҶҲЩɻ󣬲֪ϵһĴʦĸɵģΪʲôŮ⣬Ҫ鷳
飬ҶȻûʲô÷ԵģͰл񵱳ǽˣҲ˵Ļ
Ȼⷽôֱ׳ذлϵ鷳ҲҶ岻ݴǵ顣
¶ԸæҶ˴ʦ˼֮󣬾̱ʾԼԴľġ
ʦҶı֣ʱЦȻ˵ҵȻ֪㲻ֺܾ¶ΪʱϵþһЩҲøѧȻܹ˳С񣬰ˡ
˴ʦĻҶһЩԭǲ˫ް


734 ԰
ȷʵе˼ʦϸظҶ˿塢֮󣬾˵
˫ô鷳ҶЩʵ
ʦ˵л֮󣬾Ϳʼм飬Ȼˣ޷Ǿǰ
һͷռˣҶеӦ뵽ʦѾǺϺϵ֮Ҳˡ
˵ģǴʦڴЩͽͽǼӵһҲСˣҪ˵Ӱ졣
ɲǼ򵥵顭ʦ֣µضҶ˵ŪõĻģѧϰһζȻ¶С
ôѧϰҶˣЩʵ
ʦ̾ȡһȻװĲʾ֪֮ͨؽҶ˵Ȿˣרõģûȥ֮󣬺úð˵Ĳ裬һ£ȻС񣬰¶ˣԺûˡ
ŶҶӹⱾ飬Ȼһ£ͿͼĲïɵóһٿдı⣬ȴǶʲôʲôģȻʲô·
㲻ҪϹ롣ͷһ۵ʲôģʵܶģ˵һˣǹŴ˺ܶ඼Ըͷ¶棬ԼⷽƷҲһţӡԶӵİ汾ͺܶˣٲ棬δؾһôġ
Ҷ˵ͷǶͱȽϿɡ
ʵҲ֪˶֪ʶȨʲôģûʲôҲͼԼԽԼĵñɲᣬϣԼѧ˼δؾΪ˳Ĳʲôġ
ϾڹŴмĶһԺӾܻúˣЩ˵ѾʳǣҲûбҪΪ˴ЩûʲôõĽӣһ굽Ǯ۶ȥ
˵ˣܹдЩϸˣҲͨˣȻײ￴úܵ
ʦֹҶĹǼӣȻЩźҡҡͷ
ǲ̫޷Ҷ뵽С˵ڣʴʦ
ǣֻǾʵе̫ˡʦҡҡͷ
Ҷôһ˵Ҳʲôˣ֪ͷʲô·û׼ʲôҲ˵ġ
˵ľۻ᲻֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬵лҪʥԾ͸Ҷһȥˡ
ǴʦѾл񽻴ˣڳ棬еεĸоϾǺˣϧûͻƵߣټֱӼʱҲȽ٣ԻǻеӦ
˻ڳԼ˴ŵʱ䣬ƻµ׵ʱһ£
лҶϵ˳С㣬ҪȥתһȦ
ֵ飬ôʹˣҶھǣҲɵһ¡
ո׳˻㱨һ档Ҷ˵
ҲðҸպڼأүүҲҪֵ顣С̾ʹӦˡ
үӱмίԪˣЩ飬ȻȽϹġ
Ȼ˵ֵ飬϶ͨ˵ͣ˼ҵĶȥǵ;˵ͬҶ׿㱨Ч϶ǲͬġ
ϾЩ;˵İ汾еǱ˸˵ģеѹǴģЩ쵼ˣյһֵ׼ȷݣȻҪһЩ
ԼһСʱ֮Ҷͳ˳Ҵլ
ĵӣԺǺģҲôңʺ˳ɹɹ̫ʲôġ
Ҷʱ򣬳үӾ棬йԱţСԱ߶˵
ԺѾⰻȻˣֻݶǳïżгʲôģȷʵ
үԣһֻСɵһֻ˸ŽĿҲЩ쵼ǵͨǲĸʱҪš
Ȼ˵ͨĿϢ϶Ǿ˼ӹģѾʧȥԭеζںܶ˿ӰǺܴģܹ˿Ұϵķͷƣ򱳡
Ժ治ʱش˼ҵЦȻǳ
Ҷ˾;еԥԸӰ쵽˼ҵ飬ĥ飬Ӧøүô˵ŻеһЩ
ô˵Ȼ˵ϳҸԼҵȫͬģڹĸ﷽棬еʱģұϾǽϵԳүӵĽ⣬Ҷ˵ͬǺҪģûҪһЩʲôġ
ҶˡСһ۾ͿҶЦ˻ֵ
С촩һ׻ɫףüķǳ壬һַǳ̽ŮܵģǰĴҹ·߽ȻͬˣͷҲ˾ĵĻУ΢΢ĲЩ˵ĸо
ֻ˵ףĳ໹еƽϵܹ֮𵽵þͷǳˡ
ǳСĳһǿټϹ˾ǴڽĶˣһԾŶ˵һԵҲ˻᲻̡ܽ
ҶЦ˹ֱӸһܱ͵͵Ĳһ£Űɿ
ᣡСɫ죬Ȼû뵽ҶȻܸͻϮһֲ
˵Ҷеϲĸо
˵ĹϵСʵϲּġ
ϾھЩҵУŵԵĲңͶϵĸңϳҺҶҶͳ֮൱òҲڣѵõദȽģضѻһ𣬾Եܿɹˡ
ǺǣҶˣүȻˣЦǺǵؿԼŮҶǲ
үӺãհ˹£͸ϹˡҶǳ˸
ţáү΢΢ףҶǬͬ־ˣô
лүӹģүүкãҲǸеСëҲ¶Ҷش
Ҷүӵĸе⣬Щ꣬Ѿ̾ƣʳҲǳע⣬ûʲô⣬ֻǵⴺʱڣΪԭ򣬸λȽһЩԺ׷
ţүүƢǻһЩЩβģЩԣӦúöˡүӶҶүӻǱȽģΪҪҶүϣӦ¼š
ҶүߵλϣҲôס
үǣ鷨ţҶܿͿ˷Ա߶ϵһ֣īδɣɵþʵ
ǰСڽϸһӣʱȥסһסһ£͸Ǳ߶ķ˸֣԰㿴֣дûպϰɣүЦָָǸ֣Ҷѯʵ
ƣҶ˿֣Ҳֻô˵
үӵ֣дʵһ㣬ҲʤˣҶܹ޵ģҲʵҪΥĵ˵鷨ҵֱʵĻҲ̫ˡ


735 
ҲŵˡүȻ֪ԼıΣЦЦ
үӱ˳ǰսҲûг˵裬ӦһЩģֻǵʱǽӴĶѧֵʱɲ࣬ټϺѧΪ˹ҵ˱дþڲ˵ˡ
Ȼˣ鷨˵Ĺףֻ˵þѣ˵ǰ;ʲôģ鷨ʵûʲôãֻ˵ǽĶ𲻵ѩ̿á
ܶ˵Ľͷ˵ѾõúˡȻҶ˵һ䣬ʱóүЦ
㰡ﲻݡүЦָҶ˵
Ҷ⻰Ȼ˵˵
ԴӸĸ￪ܶණǮˣһЩ֪쵼˵ʣǿۣЩλģӰȽϴ쵼˵ʣڶ֮͵ĺö
ϧǣЩ쵼һ㶼֣Ҳһϵ档
ںܶ˶ԣȻڶʱھͻ˺ܶĲƸλϱϾЩεģڹҶ˽Ӫú͸徭õʶںܴķǰ£ˣȻЩȡ
ǰЩļκЩǹͷǣԵñȽԩ
ԣܹмҪ쵼˵֣ǾͰȶˡ
ڵˣм쵼˵֣ߺӰʲôģҪ㣬Ҳȿǿǣ˵ıǷʲôεıϵһǵ˼ң᲻ʲôȽصĺ
ڵˣɷ治ȫܶʱִضǿ¶ϰȻҲʴӣö֮ȨͱȽˡҶ˵ĳһԱŸү˽˺Ӱٹ֣˵ҪҪĻȿһĸ𣿡
ǺǣүЦŵ˵ͷһ£Ӳ֣һΪԼò֣һҲΪЩǣܱܲ˵˱ɡ
Ȼǲģܸܲ⼸֣Ҷʵ
ҪǸ𣿡үЩʵ
վҶλϣʵҪЩ׳ˣŻЩ֡
ҸСȥסˣֻܵʲôİҾүʲôģһңϱйʰҶش
ᣬ˭Ӧȥסˣվں棬Ҷһ¡
Ǻӵ顣Ҷ˵
ǺǣҪʲôݣүЦʵ
鲻ҲҶҲˣǾǴӦҶҪ
ݰһ롣ҶͿʼĥұе̫ˣˡԣ֮ҹĻͬ־ȽϲҾͲдˡĻʲôأڣҲ߶
үҶֹ˵Ͼ¶Цݣ˵Сӹ׼ǹⶼԼֵģ˵ôһȴǺõúܡ
λǹҶѡһʳүӵүӣΣҲ࣬Ҳܹӳҵ
Ա߶ĳˣʱЦˣ⣬λŶʮɲˣүү֣Ǳŷ˵ԼĹٶСˣ
үŮĽͣʱ͹Ц÷ǳȤ
ҿû뷨ҶҲЦˣԼҽͰɡ
˼ˣΪǶ϶Ӽίǹְ̫СҪί˰ɣ˵
ίҲҶûзϣǻشͬǱ˺ҶǣίȻҪȼίǵĺһЩҲһԼܹ˵ġ
ôˣίɵòģү⻰Ϳʵ
үóҶĿǰλãƺǺ㡣
ֻҶϣһмίǵְλʵŅ̀ˣܲľȥʲôίǰɣĻķ̫ˣ˭Ҳ֪Ūʲô
˵ˣίҪǳȣƽҪǿƿҲҪǿЩҪʱĻɵģҶȻǱϾӴٳʱ̫ˣ˭ܹ֤ȥ֮󣬲ᱻ˸ܿأ
ǻ쵽ֵزĻίǵλϣĺá
ҲǲģǸо̫խһЩҶ˵Ǹ㷴ʲôģʱˣ˭񸯰ܷӡ
СˣʱЦˣ⻰ͬ⣬үүһ쵽ŸʵҲʺйϵ⼸֮󣬲ŻһЩ
ү°ͣٺһЦ֪˼Ҫ㾭ýɣǸҲȷʵĳһζίǣ˵Ҳаģץ˸ܷӣҲ˾飬ԺȻ֪ʲô鲻ʲô߲˵ǲ
ү˵öԡ⣬ҶΪȻ
վڼίǵϿ⣬ɲ󣬲ֻо÷⣬ķҲи©˵Ů˷棬˵棬˵Ŀ棬˵˷棬Щģκһ涼᲻ס
ҶôһζмίǣӴİͺܷḻˣֵԼʱȻҲעܶ࣬ԼҪ˸ץס˰ѱ
ⷽү˵ûζǺкôġ
ʵɼίǣȻǱƶģǴ߶⣬ȴǾñȽϺʵģԲŻ㱻ȥүӻǵһ̸⣬Ͼ̫ᣬһ̰壬ڵűصģҪȻĻݵͷӣҲôʾ㱨ʵôһڼίϸɼ꣬ҲϣܹҪ̫ͷֻû뵽㵽ﶼǽ㣬ֻҪɵ飬˿еĻ⡣
˵үҲɵҡҡͷȻǺԽ
ʵ߲⼸λҶĿҲǲ࣬ȻܿҶĴǳģȴֲòʶһ⣬Ҷ׼ٿ˵Ļ˭̫ˡ
ľ֣ش֮иˣ˱ط֮
ڴҶΪҶеĵģҶҵıֵסҶĻͱһȺСǸΧŹˡ
飬֪ֲܿţԼȴȥҶ¶Ҳεúܣװǲܵ顣
Ȼλϣ˲Ե飬ȻҪȥܵġ
ţλǹǰɣүû˵ʲôһԵëʣ˼һӣȻһǳɵд⼸֡
ףҶ֮󣬲ɵЩ⼸ֵˮ׼Ҫȡ԰֣дúó˲ֹһ
үӻǲ˲ٰܵġ


736 
Ҷ˴ֽϵīзǳ⡣
Ҳ֪үãϸдô֣Ϊرֵ飬ҲҪһ©˵˼ˡ
аСʱӣ̫еƫˣ¶Ҷǽ½
ߣȥϾ߶Էɣס¡үӶҶ˵
ϡҶûƴǣֻ͵ۿ˳һ¡
һۣȻǲµһ棬϶ûа˼
ҶųүӵΣػص棬Ȼɵɳ棬ϸһ̺ӡ
үÿ춼רְҽʦĽ£һЩģ֮󣬻Ҫƣʲôģֻʱ䶼ܳҲʮӵӡ
ҽԱүʱҶܵ淭һͰҶֿʼó˲躣ֲߣȻʼˮղ衣
㵹ѧģˡүбɳϣæµҶ˵ίĺ𣿡
еʱҪȽ϶࣬ģҪȥ飬ϾҶһ߶ղ裬һ߶شֺ飬漰ķȽ϶࣬ױȽϸӵģҲŻԳֵġԣƽʱľǺˡ
ҲԣڴСҲǸɲˣһ飬ȷʵҪܡүӵ˵ͷȻҽԱ뿪ˡ
һӣʣһλʮҵ飬ʿгСҶڳүӵ߶
ǺǣүӣĲ衣Ҷˮã͵˳үֱ߶
Ҫڵġүӵ˵ͷ
С㱳ųүӣҶһͣҶú֣ƨ
ʱҶȻ˲ϸСȥʲôΪүӾֵ顣
ֵ飬ô¶үʵҿ˵۽ƽģһ˶ȥûʲô
飬ҲҪүӽһģҵ뷨ǷʣҶүͺظ̸
ҶúϸүҲϸʱػһЩ⣬ȻǶǳġ
Ҳһţ˵ʱػɹιǳԡ
飬ĿҲеүӳ˼һ֮󣬲ŶҶ˵ƶȾƶȣƶȻƣȴҲ˵ģ۽ƽĴʵҲǺͬġ
ȻҶҪ۽ƽ˲ŵģ۽ƽĴ̬ȣȷʵ赭дʤޣһҵɲԣڼǴĴȻҲ۽ƽֲָڹٳǨˣֶԣȷʵν
үӳ궼ͼ칤ԶⷽҪкֻܶ࣬ԣϢƽͣԶҶȻͬȴҲھͺԣһҪʲôġ
ү˵úܶԣƶȾƶȣһȫͬġҶ̾ͱʾһһ뷨Ҳ֪ǲǶԵġ
ʲô˵˵˵үӹ
Ȼ֪ƶϴȱʧΪʲôŸĽأҶԳү˵ڵǺģΪƶϵȷʵ޷ҵɲĹԣڳ˺ܶ࿴޷飬ҵ뷽跨ҪԼҵˣΪľܹƹ̣ﵽԼҵĿعɣѹҵԼļҵӲһڳϵطšмڴˣҲòһ£ǷܹҵниƣҪôҶϣΪҪƣͰҵƲˣҵְڹҵΣǼġ
үˣҲĬͬһҲûϵ¾Ȼ飬Ҷ׿ڶ˵޷⣬Ȼ飬Լȷʵѽˡ
ʵϣ߲㱻ɱʵܶ˶
ΪԼĹñӣһǱϲǵģԲϴ֮󣬸߲ǵУϾᰲ̫ƽ㡢ʢˣľľȻʵǲġ
˵Ҳеүͷ˵УȻ⣬ͬʱ뷽跨ؽ⣬۽ΣֳԶǶǵǹģҲϣܹ⣬һЩ·
ųү˵ȻǶѡȥôҶҲֵ֧ģúȥɡ
ллүӣҶĸлһ
һٷҲԵıȽ
ʵҲһˣֻڶֿˣһ˸үһҲΪ˷չ塣
Ȼ˵үйҹŵģǾ嵽ϸڷ棬˵ҲǱز٣Ļ˼ҵδôá
ϳԷʱ򣬳ҲˣҶҲûоö⡣
ףǰգƽͬ־СҶ飬ôڷϣᵽ顣
֮ǰҶүӾѾ׿ϣҶƽһ£Ҷͳ̸ˣŪһʽʲôģȻҪ֪ǣǹϵϺõķ棬Ӧ֪һµġ
ɽ͸үᵽ¶ҲϣǶ顣
Ϊ׼ˣҶϻ˼Ҳ٣֪СŮ˻ĵģҲеʱϵþˣԼŮ治ԸɴͰ鶨ˡ
ûʲôͦʵġүֻ̬ҪСҶûʲô뷨¶Ͷ˰ɡ
ãҾ͸ƽͬ־ŰˣʱϾͶһǰɡѹûȥҶͳֱӾ˰塣
ʵϣȻҶƽʱѾ֣飬ôȨڳɵˣʱ˳үӵ׿ϣȻҲܹ鶨ˡ
ôһСе󵭶ˣȻ˵Ѿ˿Խķ䣬ҶٹһʮģھͶĻúܶЦȲˣҪԼż޳ȥ
ҳԱˡС˿ӣӵ¥ȥˡ
⺢ӡɼˣҡͷЦ
ʵŮĻ£ҲǳΪĵһ飬ΪϳҵֳҪҸŵԵ׼ңȷʵܲףҶıֶͻδǷǳѵá
Ϊԭ缸ڳ˸֮ԽֳԽ󣬳ɾΪĻµǣ֪øһʲôķ
ǹҶϴҶֻҶͱϾȳ˲ʮ꣬ҶܿҵԼһ룬ԴҲ̥УҲǹϳ¼ҵӵܣϳ¼ҵӵܳ⣬Ͳ˵ˡ
֪Ҷճ֮󣬳ɵ۾һóˡ
۴ķҶͳ涼ǷǳʵһԶ
ҶڳԶͷֳЦſɵеë׼һЦ׼ûʲô¶ġ


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ҶڳԶͷֳЦſɵеë׼һЦ׼ûʲô¶ġ
СӣҪȢŮûô򵥵ģ׼óٲţɿҶЦʵ
̸ǮװҶһȥЩƵرʾ
̸ǮǲףϳҵӿǶˡ˵ˣҲܶҶҵǰɣ˵
٣ǡҶһû˵ʲô
˵ĵҲûϳҺҶҶǴţ˵̫ˣľų濴Ц˾Ͷȥˡ
Ҷǵһ棬Ǯеǣֵ̫˵ĻҲûʲôô
ϳһһЩΪѾתҵˣүҲԼ߶Ͳ˵ˣϾһ˶ְĸ߹١
Ӱ⣬Ҫ濼ǵġ
ȻˣɸôһҲרıŤҪһӦǲЩȽѴ顣
һ룬ҶҲ¶еûţǰԼ͸ܶʯͱʯˣ˵ǼֵҲΪķչʽҲǺģСˡ
ǳɵ˼Ҫֿǵġ
¶ôŪأҶ룬Ȼ˾ֱӸĻƺе̫ˣɣСʮ𣬲ҪԼȥãΣ
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˵٣Ա߶ĳүѾˣڱĿżȻҶôһ䣬ʱ۾
ʮ𰡣Ȼ˵˵ҶǱȽǮСȥҵһóʮ¶˵˸еЩ𾪵ġ
Ͼ㴢ȥһҲһٶѡ
ûհɣ˵˵ǲڵŶɲŲҶ뵽ʲô취ֻǾԼżȻ˸취ҪҶȴû뵽Ȼʮļȷʵ˸еЩ𾪡
ǳүӻǳɣҶƺЩ԰쵽ġ
ղŲǻ˵̸ǮôھͿóôǮˣүʵ
ֱǮ˻Щۺ죬ֲܱʾ⣬һ취СԼȥȡʮҵĲˡҶԳүӺͳ˵ĻԺҲýͣҲˣҲӣҪҲֱǮ˭Ҳ˵ʲôл֪үӺͳΣ
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˼أҶʳɵ
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ӦûʲôġҶĺ㣬ʵڲֵĻҲֻôӱĵط㣬òŵġ
ôģҵǺڴˡЦǺǵ˵
˷ү˯ģԾ¥ȥˡ
ɻе飬ȥˣҶΪǱޣԾܵ˳ķ䣬ȥ˻졣
涼̸ЩʲôСſڴϣڴϵҶ˵
̸£Ҫˣ¶ôܲú̸һ̸Ҷش
񣬶ôҡҡͷΪȻ˵
ҶЦһǿɲôΪģҿǴӦҪʮĲġ
ŶҲ֪ܶ࣬˽Ǯܶģʮڰڵ治ʲôһ£ͶҶ˵е̫ߵ˰ɣ˼ұôأ
СҲ˼֮ˣүүҲãǸҲãƶͬҶ־ٶ
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ᣬ˷ûˢС㿹
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ˣʱһ㶣滹ʲô飿ҶͲҪԼȥ׬˼𣿡
Ҳûа취Ҫߵֲ̫ˣֻôһ취һ֮ǰгȦʮӦòʲô¶Ҷش
ҵѹô󰡡汧Թǵ˼˵һ֮ǰ㲻ʮ𣬾ͼ޲ȥ𣿡
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澾סϵ⣬ݺݵ£й˽֮󣬲Щʵ㾿ʲô취һ֮ǰг׻ʮ
⣬ʵϲֻǳȤүӺͳͬǳȤ
ˣϳҵҲǺйʵģʱ¶ͻضԿ˵Ůһ仰Ů׬ʮͳ˲ˡ
ֵܹزôԶԶֱóôǮ
ܼ򵥣ǳԪҶԳ˵
Ԫ֮󣬶ʱЩ뷨
ʵϣΪԽڱȽϤĳҴС㣬ڽĦҲǱȽϹעģҶĻһЩʶ
һζʱֶĲȷʾΪ˾ó׵Ĳ⣬Ҫ20%ҵԪֵʱԪʴ1Ԫ120ԪңԣյĿ꣬Ԫܿͻ1Ԫ100ԪҶԳ˵ȥʱҾѾԪгϿʼˣҹģСĻֻһ⣬ԲеʽͶȥ΢ת׾ܹ׬ʮȻ󹦳ˡ
ҪͶ𰡡ҶĻ֮󣬵һ
Ȼ˵Ҷ뷨д⣬ҪҲô׵飬ϾҪ˵ײС
迪з棬Ҳǳһ˾˵ģôĶҪɶϿɲеģĻڸ
Ҳûʲôзû˸ҲԡҶ˵
ʵ¶ܼ򵥣޷Ǿһ⣬ǿǵǱ߶ʽ𣬿ܻóСеѿĻҲѹòʲôзˡ
ȻСһ⻰̱ʾˣˣ𣬴ҰѼҵѺȥЩǮܳﵽġҪˣô죿
ⲻ˵ģһ˶٣Ҹ㲹ȥ١Ҷܺرʾ


738 Ů״
ҶӲ§ųС˯һϣֻʲôûɡ
ȵʱҲҪʲôģֻǳСҽϣڻǰʲô顣
ҶҲǿѵ飬ڳСļ֣ҲгֵͣԾȻû֣ôʵʵعһҹ
ѹʱ򣬾ͷԼڳС˯棬һֻͬķӯоǳ֮á
Щ񫣬ĦţһӾ;ö˵ӣѾȻ;óСӣе΢΢زš
ѾͷȻѹˣװ˯Ҷжʱһ֡
ȴûͣЪԽһס˵ԴȻ˳С˯֮Уͷ
ټıӺȻŤʮӣСŵԳɹؽԴ˳ڴڵغſȴһƬ졣
㿴ⶼˣСһۿǽϵĹӣʱЩż˵
ҶֹӣŴӱͷ˳Щδĸо
Ű˵ءҶŤͷһʱ䣬ͲΪȻ˵
үү磬ӾˡȴеżҶ£ҲǱЦɣ
ҶˣҲе˼ӱ˳˵ϡ
Сȴڱ棬ϳҶ˵ϽͷȥȥԷ
ҶӦһƿţĴˣŽ˿ͷˢϴʰԼ
⻵ȵҶ뿪һȻ˱棬ĵ˰֮󣬴ӳһЩʪ˵ڿ
溰Ҷ¥ԷѾǰСʱ֮ˡ
ɲڣүӵƺԷʱҲܸˣݳ˵үүƽʱһЩ
Ǹ֣ɶ̵ʱ򣬾ԺڶʲôģóԣӪǿԵġ˼ͣ;׻ʲôġ
һᵽǰһЩ飬Ǻµġ
ҶˣǾЩ棬һ߶Զһ߶үӸ׺ǰ顣
ѩܶͬ־ǱģתսǧҵһŵĵطȻطչ׳ŶʱǱ߶ġҼǵúбС˵дǸʱġү̾˿
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ȵԹ˷ЪһүӾҪȥˣҶҲҪһ뿪ع˾Ȼʮ飬úõسﻮһ
ȻҶʮþȵģǶڳԣȷʵѹͦģҪ˵ףõȨͺܲˡ
һ£ҴõڶѾֵ˲٣ӦˣҵӦҲܹѺŪġ˳֮󣬾ͿʼҶֻôһ˾ھûʲôʽˣҪýһЩˡ
óȥԪĻڵҵչ϶ܵһЩӰģҲ˽ǣĵģҪǹ˾Ŷӵ⣬òѹЩ߶˲ǣ֪˾ʽ˵Ļ᲻أ
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£ȱľ˲ţʱᵣǻܵ˲ţҲǹ˾Ҫ˲šҶǿú
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ҶŲڹ˾ĸ߼˲ŵȶԣЩûʧĸоΪ֪ڹ˾ǰûкʶô˲ţҲֻһЩͶҵлӡ
ҵǾ߱˺ܴһҵΣͻǲģ˵ԱܹȷʶⷽôҲָǸ˾ͬʹ࣬һͬҵһͬɳһͬܳɹķʵ
ϣ˵ĻȷġҶ˵ģҲЩͬˡ
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ŶôˣЩ棬ǷԸֱɣţ׼ϣϲȵ֡
ˣӦһ˳ȥȻ绰֪ͨ档
ϲȵʲôģȷʵסˣ֪Сϲ̲裬λҶСһģǾװɣҲ̲ǡ
ǵ⣬ټһҲԣǸһѡء
һӣŪõ̲Ϳ˽ͿСһλһ𣬶˼֮еĳ
ϡ齫̲ŵ˳ǰȻҶҶ̲軹ǿȣ
Ŷǲ󡭡Ҷ˿˵̲ɣȿ̫ˣ˾ͷͱȽ㣬ٺ˿ȵĻҪ˯ˡ
˵Ļ࣬һ̲裬Ȼָ³һȣתߵһԣԼİ칫ŵ
ҶеģͽĿƵǱ߶ֻλΪ𱬣һڿ۾׳¼ϺɫװƷɫĶȹ˿߸ȷʵе˼
˻ûۣ;ôһʹȴǱСһ¡
Ҷ˳һۣȻǲӡ
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ĴСĿءɴʱԼĶͷԳ˵ӵķչǰǺܲģҲֵôǮһһˣӿɾͲˣѾͷԼСӸƭˡ
Ͳ񣬲ֳûضԸ˵ҿЩˣǳԱ˳ŵģҪڵ
٣ЩҸҪļױѾͷ飬Ů˲ɵˣɵЦ
ʮĲ˵ȥ˭ͷʹҪҶͣмίֱӾŶˡ˵
ãã˵ǣӾ͵Ѻ˰ֵ
Ա߶ˣʱһ𾪣Ůϰִûʲôʵģ̳Ͼˣǳ˵ʲôʮĲ񣬾Ͱסˡ
˵ʲôͷȻõóʮĲ鲻ɵö࿴ҶۣȴǸͨ˶ѣǳñȽ˧ѡ


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̳ϵ飬ȻҪ̳ϵĹ
ɸ游Ůʽǩ˺ͬ˵ѺȻֱǩϸԵĴ£ǳˡ
ʱ˵˵һȴˡЦ˵ҶӿǺܸȤģСĿҶʡðѼױȥŶ
ҲνǮҶױٰӸ£ôҶǻԿˡȻػش
ȥǰ״򹤵˰ˣʱЦ
ǿ϶ġҶҲЦʵҲԿС˻飬ֱӾͷһƲմ⡣
ô׵飬ҵļҵ׶ŻῼǷҪ޸㡣ҲЦժһﵽײ˶˽Ǯ
ȻǶҶļҵ׶ܺ棬ֻȷʵǲȥʵģҶ˵£Ͳʺ̫ʽ𣬷ǱȽϴ鷳ҶǮͨǴڵġ
ҪȻǱ߶ƿصʽʣµĲҲֱŮǵУҶǱ߶ȻҲͶʣҶȴûдҪϾڵʽ𣬶ֻǾţһëѡ
ԼûʲôǮҶ̱ʾҪ׬ǮҲһ仰飬δʮ꣬϶׬ǮĺʱǲҪûǮ
ڹҵƣǷǳðҶĻɾЩʵ
ʵϣһζʱ䣬ھۺܶ࣬ǷܹȷгƵҲܲһ£ĸǱҪģ˭Ҳҷ񶨣δ·ҪôߣڴҶĪһǣиĿ
ǶڹƵ⣬Ҳںܶķ硣
ⷽȻ˱ȽȽ̬ȣֽ֧ƸĸģΪڵĽгҪԽķչͱиԵı仯ĻкܶʼƲȥġ
̸ƸĸͲܲᵽ⡣ЩдضҶ˵еۣȷʵѾǺˣеĻˣڿܳڹģⲻҵ𰡡
⣬ҶҲǺģڴӱŹ⣬ʵծ濴Ļϵ©
ծ⣬ȷʵȽ鷳ҵȱʧɵ⡣Ҷ֮Ҳ˵ͷ
ծ⣬ӸԴӦҵҵõŤɵģκʱҵľ÷չʷϣûгֹ
ҵʱͷչĻʯڳгȻһձڵùϵҹծ󡣡оһݵмң̸ȻидΪҵȨϵʮǰ£ҵùϵ֤ЧܣԷΪ׼ģҵкǿķաʶҵծõķҲ򵥣Զʽ𴢱߳һֽʲֱҵƲծ
Ҷ˵ͷȱҵãȷʵǳأؼһǴҶǹҵҵ˴ǷǷȥģⶼڹˡ
ԽԽãڷùˣվ͵еĹծ֮Уˡ
ʵһֵ飬Ҳ⡣ҶԳ˵۽ƽִܹ֮һ֦㣬Ϊڵʱ£סѹܾۣеĲƷֿۣûһծΣ֮С
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ǰԺծĹ˵ʱҲˣǶ׵һͶǷûŶӣͨ鷢һ־ǷƷѹѣծӦȷֻСߣٻϵϣά೧ҿռǷ60ҡڶǷǮǵ۶ȽǮڸǰ칫¥СγʹԴϣеľ˽˱ǵ̬ҪǮûУҪһΪάȡλսһǹһط쵽Ƿ쵽ǸǷǹ黹⣬թƭʽûԼռǷ20ҡǷڷż٣ٵգеѾͣתԼռ20ҡⳤڴڣȷʵһЩҵľӪ˺ܴѹвٵҵôѹ˵ġ
Ҷˣ˵ͷ
֮ҪвȨĸ̶ܴϾǿⷽ⣬ĸȨծͻԽԽأսеĹϿˡ
ʵĸĿ꣬ǽȽģ;ùɵгãԼҵϵˣͲܳ׽鷳
ǰԺ֯ծȷʵ˺ܴãҲȻ˲ҵǲǺܳ׵ģоͷԹĸǿ̲ݻˡЩп˵ڽϵͳĸĸͬҲǳҪЩ˦ѿϵзҲ޷еá
ʵϣЩڵĸԴ鷳ǻֵġ
ڲҵϵծ޷
еʱвԸŴǵطҵһ𣬾ͻǧټƵظʩѹʩӰ죬㲻òͬǵĴҪ󣬿Ǵõ֮󣬲ڷչǳԳԺȺȻˣ˷ǳˡ˵ȹ˶ãǾܹҪˣ˵ÿĶһҵϵͳ𣿡
֮£ڵ˽лΪ飬ӦҶЦȷ˵СǵĳӣԤֿ֮ŶӵŲƷߵģȻͲʲôծˡ
ʵֿ֧Ҳûа취飬ҵϵ£Ҫô鷳ģͬǩ֮Ȼ䷨ԼЧڹڱϾû취ôҪǸҸô㣬͵ȥծɣû׼˼ҹ˾ĴﶼҲ
ԶԣҪһЩһǺģʷһЩһһʼע⵽Щ⣬ͶʷҲͬ˵˵ҵѻ⳹׽ýҵװˡ
ڵĻˣҪôˣɵЩԾطʵ
ôأҡҡͷֻɹ¡
Ҷˣû˵ʲôұһͳĸνĹ򵥣൱еϰΪֻ˵еɣͨ˾øԼûʲôϵѡ
Ȩ⣬ȷʵǹ㷺ڵģⲻˡ


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Ѯʱ򣬹ԺйػĸľԺֱ19Ϊ13»9Ϊ5ԺòίڹĹҾ֣ԺֱҵλҲ˵
ţͬ־ֿʼڸĸʾҪǿеְܣӿγͳһЧĺ۵ػơ
Ҫ뷨ͨĸһڹԺ쵼µĶִͳһߵϵһмµĹк͹ҵΪ壬ֽڻĽ֯ϵ
ڲ˰ָ˰ĵ֮ٲ˰򣬼ӿ˰ĸøĸİ취٣ٵĻϼӿĸ
ţ롢ԺڷܶץüľҪڽץһ쵼ɲҪͷɡһҪɲȺڷӳǿҵĲ֮硣
⼸飬˵С£ǹԺĸƸĸ׼ȫʵʩķ˰ƸĸǷڸԣͷȴ¡
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ôһҶ߲ˡ
ΪίǣĹ϶벻ģеǸ˻ƶȣѾȷЧܺãڱмίΪ͹̣ʼίƹ㣬пҪΪһƶȹ̶Ҳд˵ܻרŷһ顣
Ϊôһ飬ҶȻҪһӵġ
ʵΪּĸɲǺٻʱʵʵشڱˣһ굱֮ϵʱ䣬εŵġ
ԭȴмίĹ飬ȳȥˡ
֮ǰҶдǣȻ԰Ǹ͵˳վ
ۿǳг뿪֮ҶߣڸΧ
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Ȼ˵дʱҲ̫ãǰǰҲһӣ˲ٵģ֮ǰһξеϵͳɨİԣٵȷ˻ƶȣиֳڱԶǵֵ顣
һҶνǷ糾ͣѫ׿ڼͼ췽Ƿǳˡ
˴󹦣ǻһ˵Ļ϶ҪرνһģҶ߹٣Ѿɲν޿ͣܲϸɣǾеˣȴˣ˭Ҳ֡
ԣ޷Ǿ֣һ־Ǽмίϵͳ˻죬ڶ־߳ȥĳегְ֮λ
Ҷͬڼί˻ĻѡǱȽ϶ģ˵ʡ浣μίǣ߻صмίĳ־ֳ֮ģЩȽϺݡ
ǴҶҲãҶϣҶٴڼίϵͳˣ̫ӣҶ׵˵ƢȫתһȦĻưܿ˶ˣɲãķչ
۲ΪԻҶתһתרĸһķչúˡ
Ҫ֪Ҷھý跽棬ͬһѺ֡
٣ڻؼ𣿡һʵ
ŶȻûʲô飬ǾͻذɡҶ˵ͷ
ʵؼҲûж˼ĸԶ飬ҶүֳסڴڣүסھίȻھΪıܳҲԼĹۡҶһסڼ棬ĵúܡ
ڼĵط󣬰Щס£ǿĺܣҰȫҲԺΧзǳϸİҲȽʡġ
վ߶Ƚ϶࣬⼸˾ߣ׼ȥͣȻظ
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һټ״ʱЩð𣬾Ҫǰȴһסˡ
ȣ˾Ҷ˵顣һٱʾ
˾һҶˣȴЩʵ
ԭкüλ˾ȻһǴ˾Ȼİֻƽʱ˸鲿Ĺϵ֮⣬ûиȴ֪ʲôҵͷˣ
ھҶ̬ǱȽصģһ㲻ȥǽӴǴѡ
ȥ˽ʡȥ˺ӶʡȻ߶ľҶоɣϵҲҶȴҲûȥӴֻʱ򣬲Żᶯһϵһ¡
ʵϣЩ߼ɲǶԣҶԸȥӴĻױΪҪȾָȨĻͱȽ鷳ˡ
׳Ƽô˾λٻش
ŶưҶӦһҲܶԷ۾˼ƺܲ⣬ֻ˵һ䣬ҸĲ죬ϴμҲҪţȻҪ̸飬ξϽķݶϣͼһҲ޷
ҶӦǿȴܴλٷǳ⡣
ƼôΪ˾нεĸ߼죬Ҷ͸˵Ĵүһ㣬˾ΪǵľǺܲ
ֻ˾ξȷʵȽϸȻЩҲ˵ʲôֻҶԱ߶һҲ˹ȥ
Ƽôűװڲ棬ֻûʲôˣ絲סߣ˿ʲô
ù֮ʱ䣬ȻȻиˣվɶˣҶ˽ȥֱӾߵƼôǰһˡ
ûдкҶȻҲôȻ˵ԷнҶȴҲԱٽεоֳָȻƽƽʸ
ȻˣǻһλϽĻҶҪֵÿһЩģϾϽھѾǶ˴ˣ˵ھίְ񣬴ڼ϶һġ
Աˣܹ˱ˮֻǾеŹ֣λһһٵģ϶ˮӲ쵼ǸΪģ²תˡ
ʲô飿ҶһڣƵĺţ˿ûжһλ˾Ӧеء
Ƽôˣһ˿ڳ鶯ţܺƵˣ治࣬û뵽ҶëӣһͺƣƼôеǳơ
治ܸҶƽʲôһΪѾ֪ҶʲôһΪڲҴ̼ҶʡҶһŭ֮£ѿ
ǲһֱڸϵƼôѹͷĻƽ͵ʵ


741 Ƽô̬ȴת
Ƽôˣһ˿ڳ鶯ţܺƵˣ治࣬û뵽ҶëӣһͺƣƼôеǳơ
治ܸҶƽʲôһΪѾ֪ҶʲôһΪڲҴ̼ҶʡҶһŭ֮£ѿ
ǲһֱڸϵƼôѹͷĻƽ͵ʵ
ҶݣƼôǸˣҶҵĵļ̳ˣҶүҶǬӣίҶƽĶӣһͷζ޷ӡ
ҶҵĶүҶ־ίĹҶĴǲıܳߴ֮׵ɶ˾һӶǺǵˣԼһнȻõһ׳ͬ־ĿأǱϾȲ˼ңҶǧ谮һˣƾԼĵȷʵ㡣
簡Ҷ֮ЩȻӣƺҪ˵һ϶Ĵ˲ͱˣΪʲôҪ㣿ֲҰ֣
Ƽôˣˡ
СӣȻˣŪ˰ƼôдΪǹ˼Ҷݣߵ뷨
ֻСӲҶҵӵô򵥣ϵĹҲ˵ģоֵٽֳͲ˵ˣԱݣƼôûа취֡
ĹԱѾ鲿ܵˣһְҪɲץǿɲʲô¶˾ˣһԵĿܡ
Ұ֣ҲӲ˽˷飬ڸ˽⣬ȨֳĬҶϵرʾҲѯȨֻҷŸѡ
ΪĸףбҪ˽ЩƼôץŲ豭صһ£ǳֵرʾ
֣ҶСҲģ¶һĴƺǳ𾪣ȻҡͷԲԣƣȫԲҪ˵ǸŮϵǵŶŮ
ƼôˣСӸãӶð̶ˡ
Ҳǣҿ϶ǲ´ˡҶûƼôıŭЦ˵ƽӢ䲻Ȼܸ˼ҵŮҾͺˣΪһˣҲûʲô໤Ȩɣԣ⣬Ҳܴ㡣
Ҷ㲻ҪƼôǿѹһҲ֪ΪʲôҶô󣬷ҶҲǹģһͶ䳰ȷģΪĸ˾ǺܺˣҲҶǹùǺ
ƼôԼҶ֮䣬ǰַ壬һھίԺҪ׵ģȴ˸˾֣ڵ绰̸ϴʲôģԼͬѧˡ
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ֱ¶ƼôȻûӸ˵
¶þˣһ񣬽վ֮Ҫ߶ԵͿҶ뵽ǰͷ飬ͻԾȥҶҪʸ
˭֪ҶһéʯͷֳӲһƢҲûС
㲻ҪװͿһε飬ѾˡƼôЩŭ˵統ʱǸͨ绰Ǻƭң㵱Ҳ鲻𣿣Уһζʱ䣬֮ͨߴһٶΣҷϣ
Ȼƽôһʲô˼ҶȻʾ
ƼôһʱҲˡ
ǰأԼŮĵ绰¼֮ҲеƣЩ绰棬ûһҶŮġ
Ҳ˵Ҷ֮Ĺϵ˼Ҷ⵹
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ηҶûŮ磬ܲҪ˼ҶҪŮĵ绰ɣʲôˣ˵ȥĻЦ˵Ĵ
ǶˣƼôôͳǹв˼Ҷ£ǶҶȴǲôˣϾ˼ҶҲǹˣǸҿǹˣֻҪ˼ҵĶҶкԥǹȨ;ġ
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Ƽôһθеһĸо͵ŮһĵСӣȻʲô鶼ˣ˾ɥ
Ҷʱ˵ˣ̬Ҫǳº͡
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Ҷôһ֮ͨƼôŭͻȻƽϢˡ
ȻãҶ˵ĺеŮһֱǸǰģԼͬбͺܲҪŮȥʲôģȻʵ䷴ˣǻһֱȽº͵ķʽ⣬ЧҪõöࡣ
Ұ¶⡣ƼôȻ̾˿¹ȻܸᲢ۵ģⷽȷʵ⡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵Լ˵ǺܵλģôһλƢ𱩵˾ѱˣװҪǻȥүһ˵϶Ҳġ
ƼôھеͦģսԵӽⷽ棬˱ȽϴĹףνǹ֮ػ֮ܵĽ塣
ҲƢȽϴһ˶е
ҲΨҶҶϣƼô˱󻹵÷ǳرʾҶĻȷģ֮ܽģ治װ
ʵҶƽڹ跽ĹףǷǳģҪľǿļҳѡҶҲʱرʾԼ
ƼôҵڵҶȻҲԸǿ̬ЩӣҶٿ۵Ļ治Ըˣһǳôأ
¶治˵ϾҶѾкܶˣټһƼôûʲôô
Ƽô˿ҶȻ̾˿ʵҹȥһֱΪǸӵģһϯȻûиıҵĿҵóϣǸӣҲǸƷζȽϸߵĻӣеʱҲ˵һЩ˺идĻ
ҲǻӣǹҸɲͼɲҶ֮
һԭ⣬ҶκζԼĴԣҪġ


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ˣû˵㲻áƼôҶɫȻ֮Щģ̾͹ЦʵҪǲôĻŮȴǷǳʵġ
ԲѾˣƽҪŮȥҶ۾һ
Ƽô˵Դϴε֮Ҷ˼ȥ׳
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үӽӵҶĵ绰˵ƼôˣȻһھʹӦ
ҶƼôȥ˶үǱ߶ԼһȻ͸뿪ˡ
ȥҪǻһһεΣĿѾﵽȻҪ£ʵү߶ѾˣȻûʲôô໰Ҫ˵
մӶүǱ߶ͽӵĵ绰
ǰɣʲôӣôŮյһˣҶ浹ǸеЩģ˵绰ιС㣿
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ˣ֣ʼʱŭĿӸƵģھȻָ㵽һˡ籧Թ
ʵҲûʲô飬Ȼѧеģ˵ҶھǣȻҪ
ûжãͿܹˡ
ֻ³˰Ҷ磬Ц
ĸ׼ȽǮÿԣŮҲǱȽϳ磬³ȻֺȴҲǼֵϰĽܣȥеΣȴҲرհ
ģֻһһīѩ׵ļ̫ԵЩޣȥഺ֮⣬ҲеҰԡ
Ҷһʣȴĸֿһר꣬⳵ǵ翪ģ˳һ⳵Ρ
赹ǷĵúܰҶ˵
ŮôݵģҶеˣĸŮǴŮ
ƼôûйɣҲԸ̫ϵء
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аɣûʲôⲻìܣ˵˾ͺˡҶ˵
˵ƼôԶԹ޳ҪΪ飬Ҳֵúüԣ˭ҲԸôһλǰԶĽ
ƼôҲ⣬ǰͷȻզզģǴӺıƵ϶һ˳ӵģ֪ôŷԼ档
ҶͻƼôԣҲûʲô壬ΪһЩëƤС¶͸ҶҸò졣
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˵ڹдҵչά裬ôҵչνϼѡ
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ҵĿǰڵҪѣҪгΪƷľƷЭ
ƷҪרԭʵжߣͨԭϡԪоУҵɲܶ߼۸񣬶ƷʵָԼƻƣֻҪҪҪҵܡ
ôһĻ󲿷־ҵľƷ񣬶ǲ׬ǮģǵǮġ
ضгԻδγɣҲδΪƷԣҵŻߣ˵ҵľƷ˲ֵ˰⣬ҵ޶
ּ۸Ƶ룬ҲԼ˾ƷС
飬ǲģҰְֹʱ򣬺ɫƺǺѸӡҡҡͷ
Ҳûа취顭Ҷ˵ҷչĴȷ˵ģԾýΪģʮڲᱬսֻͷչãʡľʡˡΪһǮˣҪչЩٶȻܿġ
Ŷ˵ͷ
˵һιȥҲѵõʲôĴ𸴡Ҷ֪ǲᶯҡģԾôжϵ
Ŀǰ߲㣬Ȼ˲ҪһЩľҵֻеҵعпԵؽҵ⣬Ҳһػ⡣
ȻˣʹǾѣһЩ߾ĹĿҲҪģǾûģ߲Ҳ
֮⣬һ·ˡ
˵ڵĻϻأʵڳһµĺʽɹίУҵһЩȽϼ˵ļͨгһϵй
ĻҲҪóзʽ𣬾ͿԵõԼҪĲƷֻ֪ʶȨӦҵģһƷͶ֮󣬻õҪôֳɣȻһױȽϸģʽ
ڻϻصķչⷽĳԻǱȽϳɹģĿǰǱ߶Ѿȡ˶¼Ժװ߷ǳشҲܵ˸߲Ŀ϶
ΪҶ֮ǰװгģʽʱȡ˲ĳɼġ
һҪ޹ˣ¶ȷʵýҶͶ˵
¶ҲûҵطȥڸһҿһСʱЩѧУһЩ顣
Ȼ˻ûзֿͽӵƼôĵ绰˾鲻ǺܺãȻò˳
汻˵ˣ鲻á˵绰֮󣬶Ҷͷ
Щ飬ȷʵðģҲò롣Ҷ˵Ҫ֮Ļ˵Ҳ˼ǰɣ
ʲô취أеɵʵ
ҶȻǸӵܣһǸɲǶ飬ӦҲΪġ
ĻϰƼôҲΪ飬ͷƤôĽˡ


743 Ȼ
ҸһϵʽָǱ߶ͿԣϸҾͲˡҶȻشӿڴͳСдһЩȥȻݸ硣
Ĺ𣿡翴ֻһ绰룬һ֣һǸŮ˵֣ߡ
Ůܶ߶졣ҶȻøôࡣ
˵Ҷͷø楴绰һʡʱ֪ô¶ϾƼôϤ
Ϊ֮ǰĺܶ飬ϻظװϵǱȽеģڻϻĴʹ룬мܻأк˸ȫҵĺǷǳеġ
楾Ͳˡ
Ϊ˱˫ʶΣҶ϶ҪԤһЩεġ
ȻжԸƵؽţʱ˵Ƽô鲻ãȴЩסˣһ͸ˣĽܣһ̶뿪
ҶҲû߶ʱͻ˼ҡ
ڶһ磬ͻȻͽӵίǵĵ绰
ǺãʲôָʾҶ̬ȷǳ
Ҷͬ־ҺľгѾ˾ǣʡפ죬ʡίɽҲڣᵽ㣬һɣԽڵĹҲоһ£šڵ绰жҶ˵
õģ͹ȥҶӦһͿųֱӶʡפ졣
Ӷʡפ컹һζģҶ˰СʱǸϵפ죬ȴû뵽սžɽǵغס
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Ǻǣʱ俨øոպãճͿҶˡغЦ˵ǸղŻʣ˵Ҷͬ־ôûأǽȥɡ
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ʡפ컹ӣ濴òˣĲȻֻµģǸɾȻǺݳ޵ӣǶܾ£ҲȽʵá
ʵҶĸɲǣһϲספΪ鶼Ƚ˳פ߶ĸɲǾ߶İϢϤ˵쵼еʲô˽¶ҪҲܹϹϵҵõ·
һǡ˵פӦһۺ鱨ˣΪǲҪϢͬʱһ̶ȵĹãʡҲãҲãפֶ֧൱ģǴʽͿɼһߡ
ǸչҶʵ
Ͼ͹ˣɽܸٹ·飬԰㺰غ׶Ҷ˵
Ŷ¶Ҷ˵ͷ֪ɽΪʲôˡ
ĻҪμһģԼ̸۹ɽǼ϶Ϊٹ·ĿֳʲôˣԲŻѯ
ҶԼҲеͷۣȻ˵Ŀйһʵĸ鳤˺ܶͬ־ǵĲһʵݶû̵
ڸٹ·ʽ⣬Ǹ˱֤ģû⣬ǽ貿ͽͨ߶ǹԺ߶ܲҲҶһְ˰ɣ
Ȼ˵ҶȷʵöЩ飬ǶںӶʡ˵һҲǲеģӣǹ˼ҲÿһζӵģשȻˣĹҲҪһذõġ
˵֮䣬ͽӡ
ֻɽǺͽ󿭡ľǶڣмλʶģƺе쵼ǡ
СҶˣǶ˰ͷˡɽͬ־̾Ц
˼ԶһЩ쵼ǾõˡҶҲЦ
˷׷״к֮Ÿ
ǣҲ˺ܶ׼ġɽǾ˵ٹ·ĿѾȥˣܳ·;·ߣѾöˣĸλǹ·ĸĸ٣Ҫؼʱ̲ܵӡ
˷׷׵ͷǣ˾ġ
ʵҶһˣ;߶ĸȽСϾܹ뵽Ƕεľ룬ʮңĲֶڱĵоˡ
ʹˣľݵҲǱȽأʱؽɽǵдԼС档
Ӳ濴ľ湤ӣҶвɵһ
һ˵ΪеŮ״ˣľݵӣƺô¶
ҶϸһԼŮƽʱֳĸ̬Ȼ˵ǱȽгģͱ˵ܿʱл񴩾װʱ򣬻˪ݳʱ򣬻УԶŷ޵ĹΪԼļʱ
Ҷͬ־ʲôȻɽǺ֡
Ҷһ£ѹûɽǸղ˵ʲô
ƺǸеҶĲɣԱ߶ľݾͽԼС߶бб
ҶɨһۣͿдļ֣ǹڸٹ·ڶɽоھ·⣬ΪǾһƬ˿ܼȽϴ
ţǣλ⣬Ҹ˾Ӧøĵٻһʵ·ߡҶֱӵԼ
ҶĻشɽǻû˵ʲôɽегȾͲˡ
Ҷͬ־ĵɲô׵ġѱʾӵλǶɽ֮ԽɽУΪǾڶɽʱ֮Իѡٹ·˿ܼΪ·ߵͶȽСٻǮ¶ԭĵĻǾҪԽɽˣ̸ӳ̶Ȼᱶ˵ˣҲᱶķ㡣
˵һѵĲ֮󣬾Ͷɽ˵ΪǴԭ·߾ȽϺʵġ
Ҷ֮ЩղĵҲ٣ôȻǿҷˣⲻ۸Լ
¶ҶܲˣԼȻᣬɲܱȵģ˵гĻȻе˿ܼУػķãܾܶͬú㣬ұȽڸٹ·סľҲ᳤ʱ侭ϮţǷǳġɽУԼ˰˹ҵľ룬ӳɱҲҪĸȴûĸԶԣǸĵ㡣
ĸڰܸɶأЩɸֵ˵Ǵԭ·߾ز֧ھ͹ˣʡأʲôأǹҪϸģҶͬ־ܸɹ˼ίԾò˽⣬ЩȽרҵ飬㲻ǲҪ˵ĺá
ҶѵĻɵЩȻû뵽һгȻܹ˵ĻˮƽʵеǷȱ
ҶɽǵϣҲ¶˺ܲر顣
ҶĿĸ鳤Ӹٹ·ĿĵλҪֻΪԱѸߵöࡣ
ô˵ʵе̫ˡ


744 ͻ
ˣҶǰš
ȻˣĹѵ飬ʲô¶
ɽеľ÷չһֱǺܺãȻźʵĿԴȺɽ֮УóɳٶȱȽϻҵطȽء
˵ɽоôĽͷչ֮󣬽ͨȻûдﵽ״ȴҲ˹··ֻٶûôѡ
£ɽеľӦԷչŶԡ
ʵȴ뵱еȫɽĿǰĹ֣ȺˮƽҲϵͣǹԺǳأɲ֮ʢ
ǰʡίطǾͶԶɽǱ߶΢ʣпҪǿһºӶʡٳϵĴԴ֮磬ֻһֱûеÿնѡ
ҶǰҲûиλɽег棬ʱǺһ٣ע⵽˵ѾʮˣӸһ˵
ѱˣҶҲһЩԣ˵ãϲòԼĸɲ¶ҳʲôģ˵ɽеĹٳλгĴڣкܴϵġ
˵ɽеίǣҶûô˵ƺǵ͵úܡ
ͱ˵ѣҶɵǰһӡ
˵иӢˣ˳ڵо֮дһ飬в˻Ա͵ԭ򼰺
һְĹԱ·
һְλøܸɵˣڶһλܸɵЭԼˮƽԼ͵˵֡
һ·߲õģΪɥʧȨڶ·ҲߣΪǸܸɵ˻ΪԼĶֻ֣е·ˡ
ǣƽӹֵַĹԼ߸ϷʩǲԼȨв
ּȻܣǾЧΪԼܵ֡
ƣγһӷף˸£໥ƤЧʵµ쵼ϵ
ǰʱҶܾ˵еڼˣӢ˵ûкʵȷʵ
ĸɲΪͿԿóȷʵдڵг
¶˵¶ͬ־ˣɽǶѵķӦǳ⣬иֱӵ
ҶһףȻҲܾʹ˰ݣֱӷѵҵҪһгˣڵķôõģ;ҪǨľж٣漰Ҫũж٣Ȼ˵ô·ǷˣҪԽʮҵҪҲˣкҪһϹģľҵطϸҵ֮ĹϵЭģУһǧУѧУ빫·ѡַֻв֮ңԺѧϰǲǻܵӰ죿ɽ⣬οǵģ
Ҷһֻľ˶ǽϵĵͼϣָָģɽеƺһ㣬ɽͬ־ЩԾû뵽ڶɽҲôϤ
Ȼ϶ٹ·о·ߣҲ֪ڶɽһζҪģҶһ˵ˣȷʵûеڶ
ֻѵķӦһſڽı飬ҾˣȻλɽгԼµϸ
гҪǶЩⶼ˳ĿǣǾҶ¶ˡѣҶҲûʲôƢҲɽڳеľ˶һ̣ؽһ
㡭ѱҶһʣȴûаƢҶ˵Щ飬ûпǹʱȻǴ𲻳ֻǺ޵رʾЩ⣬ɽȻֿǵġ
νɽлῼǵģֻһдʰˡ
ȻڶˣɽеλгѹûпǹЩ顣
ҶȻŹʹˮĻᣬ˭Ѹղŷ裬ҽţ
ǵĹţҲǰ˰ɣ֪Ҫ·ߵ飬ɽΪ·;ҪУΪʲôصĵйûеһֵݣѧߵǴģҶؼѡ
ݣȻеġѵĻشеˣû¶Ҷ۸ڲŷһֱ蹷ģһҧס˾ͲɿڣҪ˸ҧſϰݡ
Ǿ˵ûˣҶһû˵J8
ûݣҲֲҰɣջʱӺʵ
Ӵǣˣʲô̬ȣҶ̾ץסѵİѱΪĿĸ鳤ʹҸģ·⣬ҵȻбҪʾ㹻ĹעĪгҲ鳤ǺҾλͺˣʹͬ־ȥɣ
Ҷ˵λʲôĻµ˶ԷЦ
εߵ壬ΪҶǺ۸ˣȴû뵽˼ҿֶθѵĲݰԣҶ䶼ݣ˵ҲѵõǶڶɽ˽⣬ɽг
ȡ裬Щ˵жͬ飬˵Լ²һˣƫƫҪ˼ǿݣᵽҶ˰ɣ
˵ģĿĳԱײĿĸ鳤飬ѵǳףټҶҪóʵĸ鳤λãøͬ־ȥȻڼˡ
飬һĿԱܹ飿
ڵ¿Ҷ;Сӵսһǿ
Լûʲôֱ̫ӵĳͻҶУļίһ֮⣬Ҳ˵ķֹܹҲ㹻أ˵ûʲôìܡ
˵ҶҪΪʲô鷭Ļ󿭾ԼҲǳͷۡ
ϾҪҶɲô׵飬ȻʡίίУҪһʵְɲ仹Ǽίϵͳĸɲô׵顣
Ժ󣬻Ǹµĺã˭ҲҪ˭
ˣµʲôڿᣡȻɽøֱӣܲ˵˵ɽڹòϸ£ؼݸ㲻Ҫġ
ǣǣǵĹ©ɽǣȻûʲôƢģҲֻеͷϴķݶ
ˣȥ֮һĿҪĵġɽ˵
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ɽֶҶ˵Ҷͬ־ҲҪ˵ʹǱȽϺʵģҲʡί쵼һĽ㲻ҪиҪúȥΪгһЩ⣬Ҫӣϲı
˵ǡҶҲʾһ£֤Լʶˡ
ٹ·ʡڵһĿ漰ĵλȫԸ顣ɽǱض˵УĿչһ鴦һ
ǡɽɱڵĻʱֱӡ


745 ֳһͷ
ٹ·ʡڵһĿ漰ĵλȫԸ顣ɽǱض˵УĿչһ鴦һ
ǡɽɱڵĻʱֱӡ
ٹ·һҪ޵ģҪ޺ãɽǿ˵ղҶͬ־Ҳᵽһ⣬زͲǨ⳥⣬ⷽͬ־ҲҪùף⳥׼Ҫϰ˵л
ɽ˵⻰֮󣬶ɽел˵ˣǶɽоҲ飬֮ǰѾ˴ĹҪ漰ǨȺڷӴ֣СΪң⳥߲⳥ʡʽ𡣡
Ҷһʱͺܲˡ
Ҳʱһָɲǣܶ඼ֻԼ룬ϼԼĹжôŬôλˣΪϰ룬뷨ͺܳ⡣
ҲѹزͲǨУᱩ¶ܶһǲƽһǴǿִ֮ϰһò⡣
ЩȻ³򣬵ǻٳɶ֮󣬾ͻȽӰ죬ö֮ȫޣ˵ʲôʲô飬ûԸˡ
гĻЩסҶָ̾⣬ٹ··ߣ֮Ҫܿ˿ܼΪɱȽϴӰ֮⣬һΪ˾ܵر漰Ĳ⳥⡣ǲܱĲ֣һҪ⳥׼漰ϰյ棬£پ١ǲռϰյķӺ͵أֲǮǸ˺죿ôĻܻǵ
ҶĻʱЩ㵣˵ҶҶǿһҲ԰ֱӾһһˡ
ղҶ󣬽û뵽ӲҶһҶͷץסѻ⣬ֱһƻƻĴñӾͿ۹ȥˡ
˵ѵĻȷʵ⣬ڳĺܶ˶ü˵Щ飬ЩȷʵڵģȴҲ˵
ȻʡίɽǺôɲǰͽԼ뷨˵˳̵˵ٲ߲ⲻԼ¶˹룬˼Ҵ
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ˣˡˣΨλֱӴǰлͺú˵ûõ顣
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г㲻Աʲô£ҶȴǲֱӾͶ˵
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Ҷͬ־˵䣬滹ءгľݶҶǳ
ŶҶӦһľݵȻǱøģʱʵˣ̬ǩֱʺͱӣͷŤɽǸϣƺ׼ʵʵʼˡ
ѵķζҪ챻ҶըˣƫƫǷֻǸо˵ĿⶼΧתƣеޱΡ
谡谡
ţҶ̫ɶˣһҪ취һúõرȥУĻԼһٶľǰˡ
ɽҲû뵽ҶƢȻôϸһ룬Ҷ˵ĻҲûдȷʵ⣬ֵεĸɲôҲɽгλϣɽǸеǳ⡣
ӶʡʱҲ㳤һЩɲȷʵЩ˽⣬Ҷڻôһ֣治֪ѾȻ˲ݰ
˵ûĻӵġ
ɽԼıд֣ȻһȦȦȦһĲ档
Լ϶û뵽˵䣬ʡίɽṆ֪̀˽ĻҲȥҶˡ
ҶҲû뵽ʡίɽô¶˾ģҪѸõ
Ϊʡɲǵһ֣ɽҪгɵúܡ


746 ·
šҪ˵ʲôţɽǿһȻԼղŴ˵ʲôˣɵЩΡ
ˣ׷Ц
ǹ뼴еķ˰ƸĸҶѵ
ԣ˰ƸĸɽԼҲЦȻ˵쵼ɲữǴǿҶͬ־˳ܣ˻⣬ҾͲˣǳ֣ԼԼҪʲôˡ
ɽ˵˷ȤʱǵһЦգǻָ
˵棬϶˸Ҳġ
ͬ־ǣ˰ʡҵѹܴ󰡡ɽ˵
ôһ˵˵ʱˣط׷߿࣬ȻǶеķ˰ƣǳ⣬˵ģᡣ
˵Ȼֻһζʱķ˰ƣطܵѹѾܴ
ڽ֮ĺܳһζʱڣǸ߶ȼеһԪṹ⣬ʵеǸ߶ȼȨļƻãطߵļִй᳹ߣϸִйƶļƻطϵҲ߶һ£طķչмĹϵ˵ġ߽衱ȡ
ĸ￪źһҪٴǶԵطķȨȨʵڳϵطΪһĺϷλͬʱһΧȨط
ر1985ʵС˰֣˶ּ֧ɡ1992ԺʵСпɡԷĲƣطŴӹϵзֻطͲ档
Ҷļ䵱У1994ʵʩ˰ƺĵ꣬Ĳռȫ22%55.7%Ϊһ300%֧ռȫ֧ȴֻ2ٷֵ㣬ط32%֮طĲ֧ġ״̬֡
طԭȨ䣬ȨƣϵطܷеطծûоծȨû˰ȨطٵطصծΣ
ڷ˰ʵʮ֮󣬵طծ10000ԪϣУطծܶ2200Ԫңƽծ400Ԫ
ܶطرǷΪԷԱͽʦʵİʱҲ˴⡣
ڷ˰ƵӰ죬гǵķӦǿҵġ
ʵʩ˰ƺطֵ˰Դ˰֤ȯ˰ֵ˰75%ط25%Դ˰ͬԴƷֻ֣󲿷Դ˰Ϊط룬ʯԴ˰Ϊ롣֤ȯ˰ط50%гľݾ˵濼ǹ⣬طĲ뻮ֺ󣬵طԴ;֮һֵ˰25%֣Լȫеĳ˰˵ǱӴʵȣرҪʣԴ˼Ӵڶȡĳ˰ӴͶĿԼپ÷չһ;ҪطɶԴʹ˰˰ռ˰ֵ˰гʹȣЩ󲿷йء
ҶˣԵͷ˰ƵһǵĹҵлӪеĿں£üغͽоɳǸǨųйģչнҵͷزҵơ
˵üһЩǵطòزӡ
ҲǺΪʲôزᱻ֧ҵչҪԭΪزѾʵϰ˵ط
ŴķزҵͽҵչҲǵطԱ֤GDPӵҪ
е쵼Ҳ׷׽п಻˵ߵĵ̫ˣõطϾٲά裬˵ǷչʽˣǱ֤ԷǮܽţһҪкˡ
ղ˺ܾõĶɽгҲʼԹ˵ǶɽûʲôطƣҲѣڷ˰һѩϼ˪Ӻܲù
ڿֻᣬ߿ᡣɽôһѱԹҲЩΣȷģ꿪ʼҪȫз˰ƣҵʱһһζ֮Ӧи׶ˣôе˰·չãȷʹҪŬе顣ԹǽģϣλܹԵؽ⣬ŬչãӿԴ¹򡣡
˵ɽô˵ˣӦ÷׷׹ƲŶԵġ
ֻʱ򣬴ҶΪ˰Ƶж涼ŽҪôһʱ֮;Ӧ
ԴҶǵһ⣬˭ҲûǰۣܹóҪôҪӦǰľ档
Ҳֻ·ˡû˵ҶͿ˿ɽǣӲͷƤԲһ³
ŶҶͬ־ʲô뷨ڽеʱ򣬾Ը㾭ýģ˵˵ǿǷǳͷ۰ɽǼҶ˵ˣ̾ͺܸ˵ع
Ҷ˶ģЩ˽˶ʱ˽λҶǾʲôͷǰʲôģ
ʵҶƽʱعʲߣȲίǣҲгίְעǱȽϵ͵ģΪĳ֣ζҪùˡ
Ϊⷽԭ򣬴ҶҶǺϤͬΪٵίǽ󿭣ҶʶҲ޵ģֻ֪Ҷҵӵܣͨ죬ܴ󣬵Ǿ治Ǻ˽⡣
Ҷ棬ЩҲд÷ǳ򵥣һʴߺ壬˿
ʱɽ˵Ҷڽеʱ򣬾Ը㾭ýģɵóһ˵ȻҶǸģôֻᱻŪмίǵְأ
ô˵ҶĹҲǹḻʵġ
ȻˣҪý֪ҶоּһְĻͻӾˡ
ľǲûɵģ˰ƿ϶ҪСҶ˵ղľгҲ˵ˣ޷Ǿ㣬һǾӪأչزҵڶʣչʵҵٵ⣬ûǮԾӪأչزҵǲѶΪ֮飬ôĺǽӪɱת޵ϰյͷϣֻȨ֮ƣܳ־ãȵͷһĳʼʽ֮󣬾ҪŷչʵҵˣΪزֻһĭһ죬˭ҲӻʲôʱҲŻ˵Ҫ·زԸ㣬GDPֻܹı̫ߣ̫˵Ļͻ⡣
ľݺϸҶĻ;·˵ʵ塣
վһ죬ҲֻΪʵҵǱҪչģһҪչǱ֤оܹȶչҪ֧
Ҷ˵ͬģвͬģɽгѾĲΪȻȻһҲϹߺȶѣɽúǺܶģڼķ˰ƸĸʵǺܵġ
ûǮҪˣͶ࿪˽Ǯǻеġ
ѿһ߶ŵҶ޺޵ġ


747 Ǻ
鿪СʱȻ˵ģںܶ෽涼һЩȽµĹ۵㣬ǶҶļ룬ԭĻ飬Ȥˡ
ԷʱҲʡפ졣
ͣʲôԼȥŪǱȽϷʢǴжʮλ쵼Ǵһ˼¡
ľгǸòҪһ£ǸҲҶľݴյһظʡפĲƷ
󿭶˸ں棬ǰľݺҶ浹Щп
˼λľݲʮҶʮ꣬ѾɲˣʱգչǰȻǲģЦǶɽгѣȻҶ
еϲ٣˼ҶھѾͬһˣԺķչΣǻʣ۸˼СԺ˼ҳɳѵĻ·
ȥˣЩǣǣܲûмٳİɣ
²ΪԼ·˼ҶԳֲռ棬ܳʲô
뵽ڻϣɽǿѵĿ֮УѾĲ󿭾ˣѵĶɽгҲ˶ˡ
Ҳֲñˣ˭Լûб£ƫƫҪȥҶҶ֪Ҳˣ˼ɽͰҶĿĸ鳤棬ôԵź۾ǵģ
Ҫ֪˼ҶĻƵƵһͷײڶɽúɽ档
ǣ㲻£Ҷ˽󿭣ЦŶ˵
Ǻǣأ֭ˡҲЦŻشˣŽҪעⱣˣһٻȡ
ҲãʮֻƵĶʲôĴάʳãڷҶ˵
СҶҲоࡣˣǱȽϹ
ʱûһȡ֪ʶǿ飬Ӫⷽ鼮˵ȷʵҲ࣬Գ˱ҽһЩ⣬󿭶Щ治ǺҶǸģúϸ
ʵٳ⣬ҲҶ˵˵ȶģȶģȶģûȶġ
ˣ˵ͷȶȻţ֮ģȶӦǼѼ֮ģ˵ûȶģȻˮƷˡ
ľҲһʳҲ򵥣һС׷Ȼɫ޵ĸز˶ʲôģҶĽ飬Ū˵һС뿴ȵĶŹ
Ҷǰȴǰ˲ٳԵģС㣬ຣƷŹǣ߲ƴ̣һ˺Ź
ʡίɽǺغҲԼ˹ҶǼһŴϣҶǰʳɽǶʱͱʾ𾪣˵Ҷͬ־Ǻθڰһ˳ԵĶͶĸ˳ԵˣͷóķǮ
ҾͲһôණҶһ£ô¶ͿЦűʾӦһԵȻȥһԵȻȥһĻҲû˵ҶԶռˡ
ǺðҼǵǰʱڻ㽨ˮ⣬ôͷһܳĸԲ˵ֱȻһ£ʾǰͷж
⵹ġɽҲͷͬǰĸʳ٣ˮСʳͳԵö࣬óԲˣ߲˺ͻȶˣʳȻͳԵˡ
˵˰ƵҪǸ㲻õĻҲԲ˼ˡԱ߶ίǻٴ֪ʲôʱʹ˹һ¶Բ¡
ҲũҵУ˿ҲȽ϶࣬˵˰ʽʵеĻܵӰҲǱȽϴģҪľǲԱĹʣһܴ⣬뵽¶ٴȷʵЩġ
˰Ժ󣬵طȷʵˣµɽÿӼ˸ӣٳٷŲȥ취ܻᱻѶ࣬Эһܹɹѹصġ
˵ͷȴǱȽϳأϾ˰ձһӿҪȥһ࣬ⲻСĿҪʲôԴףʵʲˡ
ᵽ飬˳Է˼ȷʵࡣ
ǿҶͷڸЩɽǾͲɵЩĽҶͬ־㵹Ŀøһθá
λıҵץɲɣֲǸ㾭ý裬¶ҪͷۣҲǵ쵼ͷۡҶػشҪ䵽ίɲˣҲ֯ɲȥ㸱ҵ
ʲôҵЩʵ
ҶǮ¶Ҳ˵ģֻ棬ҶֶλǱȽϸȤģҶ˵Ҫ㸱ҵͼҪһʣҶʲô⡣
ץ̰£һ̰ƶȣץ̰٣ûҲ֮мίŪɵķֳɣⲻоҶһػش
٣顣ɽˣʱЦ
ҶôһҵʱЦˣȻͷԷ
һϣǱ߶̸ЦҶʡίɽǸҶ֮Ĺϵ˺治ɵЩҧгݵģԷߺ޲ѡ
ֲɵӣȻóʡίɽǶҶǺӵģҶɽĹϵҲͬһ㣬ϾͲŶһֵǩˡ
ҪˣŪСֶΣҶһĻ治ô׵ģܹõǳȷʵ֤ݣ֤Ҷʲô⣬Ļưѵƨ档
ҶǸоĿкɱûͷҲܹµóںη
ѣûʲôõĵģһгѣҲ͸һҪҶٶԶء
ԭʡί˳Ǹǣѡɽ֣˸ҶĶһеʵۣʲô
һҶҶҲǲġ
һҪȥһͬ־ģȡܹӶʡҪһЩɽǳ˷Ͷ˵
ǣȥɣھ֧㡣Ҷ˻ȭͷ̬
СӡɽҶĻɵҡͷЦƫƫûʲô취
ľݿ˿еģ˵ҶȻбôʡίǿЦҲȷʵе̫ˣͷúúȰȰǡ
ǽһԿˣ;ЩĽǳʡίίܹɽһˣȴҲûôʡίһȷʵֺ룬ǻ˴ܴѹϾ˼ί˺Ȧӵ
ҲҶԼᣬܹɽôɵദ˸ˣûֵԡ
ľݵ뷨ͬ󿭶ҶδǼΪõģ˼ҵƾ̾ᣬʮʮ궼ʲô˿ûôõĻġ


748 
Թ˷֮˾һɢˡ
ϵּģ˾֮󣬶Լȥеȥˣеǹȥˣеͨϵȥˣи뷨
ɽˣҲˣľݱҪؼһ˶ĸģҶ˵ȥһҪϵ
ʲôϵľݶ飬ʵǺԡ
ܹʡǵгѾˣȻǸʡУʮгڹҲǶˣǻһŮġ
ݶϣľݾӦñȽˣھǺúùǣ˵Ƿлϲ¥ǾͿԺķչˣûбҪǿ
鲿ƷɲҶش
ľݼʶ㣬ҲҶһ
û뵽ҶȻҪȥ鲿ƷɲȥŶ
ðɣ˼ҿίԱǹȫɲĹñӵĴһССɲôŶľݾЩʡ
û¶ҸͦģŶȥ죬Ժ˵ҲһЩҶľ˵ҪȻĻһиλӱȽʺ㣬Ҹ˵ʱûʲôӡͲÿˡ
УľݱʾЩɡ
Ȼ֪ҶҲûбҪէһ˵Ҫ鲿ƷɲļţľݵȷʵЩ΢΢Ľš
û⣬Ƚϲзȥ̳ϼֻ͹ȥҶľ˵
ľԥһӣվֲҶļֻ֣øȥ̳
һӣʵ˵ǳзĺʱڣϾзģʱзҲизζѣȻϲз˵еĳԾͲˣĵġ
̳תһӣܵˮǱ߶˿ȻзҸͷͦģȥ
£ҿͦõġľָһֻͰзҶ˵
ҶҲ˿;ͦʵģͷҲ
ŵʱ򣬾ͼԱһֻͰһֻзԭǱӸŵģ֪ôţȻ˲ӣ˳ľͰı˳Ȼ󷭵һֻͰ棬Ҷе֡
ϰ壬ֻ£з㿴ġˮ̯һֻзҶ˵
ţСҶ˵ͷȥֻӡ
ʲôľݶʱһ¡
ܲòзȥƷɼҰɣҶЦ
ľҲǰôȥ϶еŵġ
Ҷܿ͵Ա߶һֻ֯ĺܺÿӣȻϰʮֻзȥģȻ˸ӡ
˳֮ͿųͷˣҲǺԽҰܲεӡ
ȥƷɲҶ˵
ӿ֮ľݾע⵽滹һͬʽĳӣҶʱ˵Ǿ
ľ˵ĸɲôľҶĸҲ̫һЩ˼гҲûܹĴء
˽˳еʱ򣬾ԲųпܣҲԲǾǵصľʲôġ
ҶƷǱ߶ȻȨģֱӾͿƷɼҵԺӡ
ľӣҶ߽ȥʱ򣬾ͼԺ滨ľïʢƽʱڵ϶ټƷɣʱһ߶Ŀյϴ̫ȭһһʽ磬
Ʒɵϰ˳ҶЦӭ
Сжζû˰ƷɵϰҶĿǰѻĹϵҾζԨԴǱȽġ
ˣҶҲôɾҪһλίԱԼǲܵġ
̣һֱȽæµòǿᣬס죬˳͹һǡҶЦŻش
λǣƷɵϰ˿ҶԱ߶ľݣеǾʵ
ͬ£ǵгľݡҶһ䡣
ƷɵϰľݵݵǲǺܹעֻǸҶ˼䣬ĸĽ˵ʱĻܻȥһ˶˳Ҷƽѻǡ
ǵǺ¶ȥ飬ҲȽϺʡҶͱʾ˻ӭǱ߶ҲƵûţǸѲԱҲɵûھ߶ǴһҪõöࡣ
ǰھǳģȥǱ߶϶ЩӦƷɵϰ͵ͷͬ
ʲôأʲôӡƷɾʹ̫ë˲˹
Ǻǣȥ̳תһȦз˼ֻзҶӵĸƿ˿Ȼͼʮֻзţݡ
ˡƷɵ˵ͷȻͶϰ˵˳ɣҸС˵˵
ϰӦһҪߡ
ðɡľݼæ˹Ʒɵϰӣһ˺Ժ
ƷеģһְڵﴦƺʲôϸĻܹڻදţǺԣٶҲȷʵӡ
Ҷ֪Ʒһֱ̫ϰߣʱˣӦûʲô֮ģóƷɶⷽǺӵġ
²Сӣһιʲô飿ƷɿҶʵ
ҲûôɣҶЦЦ
˵أʱзãôзƷɱԹ
ʱҪз˶أҲһҶЦ
з࣬㿴Ҹҿɲ֣һңڡƷɵҶһ۵
Ҷͷô¶վƷɵĽǶ⣬зʲôģǶзһֻֻ鷳
ЩȻܶԶͶԶ
ȻΪ鲿ƷڸɲⷽҲܹרеģϾ˵ʡϸɲˣĸɲҪֵҲֵֻ⼸λҶҪֲԼɲִġ
󲿳Ҳôøɵġ
෴еĽԶҶƽ˼Ǳ߶ʵʵڵһ֣ܹѹסˣǱ߶Ҫˡ
ʵҰǱ߶ҲףҪչ쵼ǶڿţΪĸ￪ʱڵص㷢չУҲеѹġҶ˵
ţסƷɵ˵ͷȻʵ˵˵ǸʲôˣҪһѵʲôģҿɲз
Ҷзû̫鷳ˡҶ˵ոҴλҲ˰ɣ
ţСӾ̫ҿӦñ갡Ʒ˵
ʲôҶʱͽеегľݣ֮ǰҸᵽǸ
֮ǰҶȷʵƷľݵ飬ֻƷɲûмľݵ棬Բϵ
ʲôƷɶʱ˵ֻзͻһǻĺţǰ㲻ǻҴ绰˵Ǹ˭˭ҲҪţ鲿ֲҿģƾʲô¶ͷˣţ
ⲻҶһЦ˵


749 Ͻĵз
ҲܵġƷɰ˵
ȻǰҶûˣ෴ֻɺнŶӣ֪黹ǲġ
ƼĿɶƷ֣˿ɲ֤ҶƷ˵
ţġƷɵ˵ͷͬǸƼЩ߰㲻֪ν˵ĻžͲˣΪô׵İ
ʵľгΪŮԸɲȷʵǺܲģҲǿѧʶҲߣһúܣȷʵǸøɲҶƷ˵
ȻǺøɲΪʲôҪѧܹҪ٣Ʒɺһ
ϽҪеҽӲġҶ˵
ϽģƷֹһ䣬ȻǲôͬҶ˵
Ҷһʱһ飬ǾͶƷ˵ȥ̳зһȤ飬ҵĴܴ󣬽һΣ
˵£ûв˵Ʒɵ˵ͷ浹Щ棬֪Ҷһ׼ôˡ
ҶƷɿǱȽ˽ģϾҶƽĹϵҳ
Ҷһó䲻ᣬҲƷ˽ģˣڸ߲СȦ棬ҶҲԼǰٱģʲôͻ飬Ҷܹڵһʱ֮ڣͿ׵ʧȻžķչ
ԴҴʱһʶǾǾԲҶԼȥ
һĹƣǿɾֻܰ뷨һ·ȥˡ
ƷȻҶ˵ʲôҲҪһЩʡȦ֮С
Ҹľгȥ̳зߵˮǱ߶ʱ򣬾ͿܶľͰзǶòţľͰ棬зľÿһֻľͰϵıҲǲͬġҶͶƷ˵ϰ彲Ǯʱ򣬾ͼһֻз˲ӣѵشӱʮſ˵ֻľͰ۶ʮſ˵ֻľͰȥһʱˣзôϽģҪԼ۴ǺôҲ˵ģܲԷƱɣҾ͸ᶨģһҪԼĹֵҪ١˵ڸһҶ
ľݸƷɵϰзȥʱ򣬾ҶƷɺʲôзϽ֮ĻҲɾЩݸ˵һﵹʲô鵽棬ζˡ
ȥ̳ˣƷɵϰЩʵ
Ȼ˵ҶзˣΪȥģĸɲ̳ܵ棬ȥЩзǣȴû뵽ҶȻ˵ôһζ£ƷɵϰҶ⻰Ǳġ
ȷʵȥˣҲȷʵֻϽĵзˡľЦŵͷشֻҵʱǵģֻֻзȽʣû뵽Ҷͬ־Ȼô˵˺Ů˵˼άкܴġ
˭˵ءƷɵϰ͵ͷͬ飬ܶҾͿ
߹ȥʱ򣬾ͼƷŤͷľݣľгȥ̳ʱļôһֻϽĵзˣ
ǵģʱһе棬ľͰͦģҲ֪зôġľݸһ϶Ļش
ƷɵͷҶ˵ûƭͷӣôɣҪֻܰзҳۿֻϽĵз¶Ҿͼˡ
˻棿ҶһˣƷ˵ļǿɾļˣֻҪкʵĻᣬܹľݰһȽϺʵλá
ͷƯѧŮԸɲȷʵȽ׻ΣȻǰ͵ͷˣľݸǱȽģͿƷǲԸæˡ
ϾΪܸɲñӵ쵼ⷽƣӾְֵλһλӻǺܶġ
˵вʱ򣿡Ʒɷʵ
ôɡҶʱЦŶƷɵϰ˵̣ղзʱûпһֻзú˿ϵģ
аͷȱеСһƶأΪɶҪú˿ϵƷɵϰ͵ͷش
һֻϽĵзôŬˣһܲһ᣿ҶƷ˵
㵹׼ְƷɵ˵ͷ̾СӹȻǸ˲ţ˵µˮ©
ҲҪһ㡣ƷֶҶ˵ˣзȻϽˣҲǴһֻľͰһֻľͰȴģȻǱͽ³ٳпᣬҾλӣȴģҲֻǽһ߼롣
ȻͬҪ룬Ϊʲôѡһֻ߼һЩأҶʵ
Ʒɿ˿ҶòЦˣ˵㡣
ͣһ£Ʒ˵ҪǷŵŴĻҲǸ֮˵ӣĶܹ˵ɻģ
ǿɲɣҵĻǲ˵ҶǺǫ顣
ƷɼĳûпʼзȻҲû롣
һͲ̸ǵһЩ飬ƷɺϸľǵĹҲɽǵ˺ӶԺһЩٴ롣
Ϊ鲿Ĵ󲿳ҲãΪֵίԱҲãƷɶڻĹǺܹĵģҲϣܹҶľݵĿУõһЩڻĵһݣЩ˽ǺôģҪϵõһЩ㱨׼ȷöࡣ
ҶָƷϵĵãƷ֮ͷΪǸ˻ƶֵƹ㡣
ⷽһͷܹ˳пĻЧƻ᲻Ʒɱʾؼִȵ⣬ִз㲻ãٺõƶҲ״
˵úܶԡҶʾȫͬƷɵĿ
ҶľƷ߶˰Сʱңˡ
˼Ϊ߲쵼ˣѵʲôϾʱϢȻóʱš
ȵҶ뿪֮ƷɵϰͶƷ˵Ҷ⺢ӣԽԽ˲ֻз˵һѵĵҿƽͬ־ûô˵СҲֻ˵ˣҲ֪⺢˭
ǺǡƷɶʱЦ˵ŴҲиŴ˵ҶиƤӳԷءСӵĳɳȷʵܿ죬ѹֵϻῴҲѡŮȷʵûеġ
λ˼ҵ۹⣬ǿ׼úܣҶ⺢Ժ󲻵ˡƷɵϰ͵ͷ̾Ϣ
ǺʵģڣҶҲ൱ʮɲôɫ׿ȻһܹõģҶжн֣ܳȷʵֻ˵˰Ʒɶϰ˵ˣֻϽĵзȥϾͰǸˡ


750 פ칤Ҫǿ
ɽͬͬ־̸֮УȴǺ˳
ɽǽԼ˽⵽һһгǺͬ־ɿڣҲûԵķſɽǸе˱Ƚϴѹ
鸱ܣ˰ƸĸĿǰȻн׶ΣǺӶʡѾӳܶ಻õͷɽǶԺͬ־˵ѹ󣬲ԱĹʶ췢ˣҽְԱȵȣЩ˶ǾͶ룬ָܲҲԼ׬Ǯɣʱ֮ڻܳһţҪǳˣطƲģ
˵飬ΣҶĻ֮ۺϷʵ֮󣬲ŵóһȽ׼ȷĽۡ
ǰʱʱ٣ط࣬ڸһ˰Ƹĸʱ͵ߵˣ࣬ط١
ôһطϱǿܶģڶΪţûа취ȥˣܶǮ֪Ӧôȥ
ı仯ֱӵµĺǣȥܶĿҲȥһЩͶḶ́ȱǵطܵ˱ȽϴӰ죬ҪڵطһЩص㽨Ŀϡ
ЩطĿʱʽƿƶȥˡ
ͺǺӶʡĸٹ·ĿʱͶһ͵ò֤ˡ
Ȼ˵ҶӦеʽ⣬ΪʡίǣɽҲ뷨ܲ·ǽǮİɣʱʡ·ϵķȨжȻ˵֮ǰͨЭ˵Ȩ֮飬ֺ֮ģԺǷԽٹ·Щǿ̸ġ
ǹףԼûлǮĿǾõЩ㡣
ɽͬ־޷ıģľĺܴȫһ뷨ǲģΪʱѾͬ־ĻشҲǷǳֵģҲ߳ȥĸɲҪܹ˰ƸĸĿڣڣطϿ϶ǻһЩӦһЩѵģֻҪѳֺˣԴܻа취Ӧȥġ˵ˣ˰ƸĸǸı͵طķϵѣֲܵӰ죬ЩǮֻԲͬʽ˷ѣԵطùʲôӰ졣
ͬ־ƶ˰ƸĸľĺܴɽǸ˺ܾãҲûȡĽֻƲֵػʡפ졣
ʱɫѾˣֵʱ䡣
ףôзɽȥ˲󣬾;ط⡣
Ҷͬ־ģͦʵзԱ߶ĹԱͻش
ŶһǴֻзνɽˣ͵ͷ˵
ɽԵغˣ˸ӣװ˼ֻз
ɽҲ˵ʲôϻץһֻзͿʼǯӰѿӸҿԹ˳һֻ֮󣬲ЩƵضԹغ˵鲻˳
غСĵؿ˿ɽǣȻ֪ȥΪʲô
ԣͬ־ɽǶȽӲʵˣҲǿλһ˰Ƹĸ飬Ȼһǹལ棬ֻɽپͬ־ֵ˰ձϵļƻҲΪһı䣬˰Ƹĸ޷赲ġ
Ҳȫջ񡣡ɽͬ־ֽ˲ͣԹغ˵ҴӺͬ־Ǳ߶Ҫĸڣָ֧ٹ·ĿʽǺùûˡ
Ǻ¶ܴӺͬ־ҪôǮģǵһλˣغˣʱ͸ǣǲС
ţһͿˡɽ룬ͬ
غе˷ܣܹȥƿϰ׷ڹ
Ȼ۸ҪԶԶę֮́ģǼƣҲӲɽҲܰȡ
˵һǿӹغ׸һࡣ
ʵɽΪѾ飬˰Ƹĸ޷赲ģĻͬ־Ҳһظʡȥ̸Уһҵͬ־߿࣬ҲľҪ߸ͣˣΪ
һιȥ޷ǾҪͨΪ룬ʡҪصô
ԼΪ֮ǰ׼Ƚϳ֣ҶһЩ۵㣬һɽǸͬ־۵ʱ򣬾ȻЩռϷĸоͬ־ҲòϣɽǵĻ棬һЩؼģҪȨ⿼ǵġ
ҲԭԺͬ־ŻӦɽǵҪ⼷ĸ˺ӶʡΪٹ·Ŀרʽ
פĹҪǿɽǺ˵ƣͻȻ˵ôһ仰
غҲɽǺһĻɵһ£ȻͿʼĥ˼
һʼʱפҪְܣΪطռϢĿӴ
˵иеפΣ˰ƸĸʱصĿָ֧ҪһΪ׼Ǿϸг㱨ܿߣʱʽ˵طһ꿪ָ֧ꡣ
ڵڶ˰Ƹĸ󣬰ߣؾͻ˳ԣĿ֧ʽ
ĿҲפһҪҪ˽ίְÿĿļƻͷ
벿ίôˣȻļһ㱨ó֣Ŀʽͻļҡ
һЩְܲĿܴĿʽ𣬵ǲȫضп죬ҪĿȫƾ㱨Ŀı׼Ҳûг߶Ⱥ̫ʵв֣ͺѻõĿˡ
פⷽҲҪϢ֮󣬵طϾͻŷȡĿȡʽ
ɽǸе˰Ƹĸѹ֮뵽ľӦüǿפˣԱҪ䱸ǿɵģʽҲӦȱϡ
ʵɽǵľҲû˰Ƹĸ֮ԣǮˣܲǮҲ͸ˡ
ط֮ҪܲԭжһǮڶЩǮÿܡܵõ
ʷԭԤʽĹϺܶಿίȽϴ֣ûоĿ
˭ܵö࣬ί˽࣬ͿܶһЩںܴԡ
һЩί˾߾һЩشĿͶʡ
Ҳ˵ĳЩŴתʽ𣬵˭ܵõЩʽȴȱϸĳ淶ʽȱ淶ԡ͸ȣĹԱ൱ɲȨ
ļвǾСԭϡǾ˵вԭ;ߣԹ涨֪ԭ;ģǹ涨ƶߡ
ԭϣζԭȱʧǺ΢֮
Ϊת֧ѵģԣ˵ǽӽ޵ģΪҶҪǮǹȴ޵ģΪܹôЩǮԵطΪ˶չȽϼҵľòֶݡ
εľѧϽȨѰ⡣
һԣԱ߶һҪŰȥܲУܲǿյİɣܵ´ôġ
ãʲôõѡƼ𣿡ɽʹغ׵
ѡغ֮󣬵Ȼɽʵǹפεѡǲ֪ôţ뵽ˣҶ


751 쵼뷨Ҫ
ɽһ۾Ϳ͸˹غ׵뷨ҡͷҶͲҪˣȻԣǲܷŵפλϡ
ҶݱȻܹפˮͷ̫ҶҲԼӵܷŵһӭλϣȻ˵ҲĹܣǱϾź˵ġ
ɽǼ֪Ҷܸɺ飬ҲÿһºԾͺܹϵؽغ׵뷨ˡ
ʡ츱ɽôغһѡ
ôԿɽǿһ£˵ͷǶԹغ׵Ƚ⡣
һ˵쵼ӰǱȽϴģֱӸ쵼ѡģȷʵɽǿغѯפεѡĿء
˵λǻҲսúˣ쵼ص㿼Ȧӣ֮ҪǨĿԾͺܴɲõĻʲôˡ
ҴӺ鸱Ǳ߶㵽Ǯ飬ȲҪ˵ȥɽһ£ͶԹغ˵
ǡغ׵ͷӦ
ʡʽȽϽţһ֮ҪкܹܶҪǮˣϢҪһµĺá
ǲҶ֪ˡɽֲһ䡣
ŶغЩ֣Ӧ
ɽǵ˼ƺ⽫ϢСΧй©ȥĻҲûкһ䲹ˡ
һ룬ҶǴӦ˸㶨ٹ·Ŀȫʽģɽ˵Ѿ㶨ĸڣôҶǱ߶϶ͲôˣʽⶫԽԽõģʲôطõŵġ
һҲˣѾԹ˷ܹһǿɽǻûУһҵȡ
һ࣬ž˹ɽǵԱ߶
ôûпҶɽһ
˵Ǹľгȥˣ岻󿭴һ䡣
غ׾˵Ҷͬ־ûлзͻˣǲһ𣿡
ôһ˵ע⵽ɽǵǰѾ˺üֻзĿӣɵЦǵóֻҶͬ־ƽʱײβģѵ͡
غ׾ܵԱ߶˸ӣ󿭶ֻз
ǣ鸱Ǳ߶ô˵󿭹ĵ˰Ƹĸ⣬ȻҲ֪ѵΪӶʡȡһŻҲǺõġ
˵ɽҡҡͷСȿˡ
֣ʱתˣ˵֣ǺĥģǲԸ˵ǲ˵ûʲô˵ģɽǵ̬е壬ýĥ˰죬Ҳûס
Ͼ̸֮˵֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ǵ̸ʲô̸ʲô
ʱҶѾľͻ˼ңԼ˺쿪ʱٹ
פİм䣬ͽӵҶĵ绰ȥȾơ
ҶһµطųһȥҶ
µѮѾȽҹˣưҹʲôӻ𱬣ǵӿʱ򣬾ͼͣλϻѾռˡ
òװѳ֮ͣҶʹ˽ȥҵҶڵİ
϶ˡҶͦߵģԱ߶мţʮĻ֦չŮԱ߶̡
㵹찡ɩԤھͿ쵽˰ɣҶҶҲ˼Ա߶ˣݵ
ʮҡҶ˵ͷ˵滹еţԾ͸ǳȵƣһ
һ㣬ҶĺӦһѾ뵹ʱˡ
ʱڼţԼ죬ɱҶסѵġ
ֲӣʲôţҶһ
ᵽҶԼҲеͷŹĺӣԶŷޣҲ֪ôˣ
Ȼ˵ȷǲ˼ѡŮӹȥǱϾԶǱ߶ܹʱ˽⣬ȴ޷ڵһʱڸϹȥⲻ˵һǳź顣
ָͷĻӦ·ӵġ
ҶţʱԼҪҸʲôڣʱȥŷһ˶ô˵ҲÿԼĵһɣ
Ȼ˵ƶԼӣҶеЩջ뵽ԼҲͦģܹݣͦŸԶ磬ҶͷĻˡ
϶ʲôأ⼸λʶһ¡Ҷ˿еĲɵҶͶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷǼˡ
ôϸһҶʱϳλ⼸λȦģһųǵݣһͷСǿǺĲ߻ˣһñȽһЩʵҲʮĳ̹УȦԱֻڿʼתеˡ
˵λҵڱȽҲвܵˡ
λʶģӦþǴӵĸ֮ģǲֻҶȥʶ
⼸λҶǶܹΪҶٵģôλҶʲôˣȻҲܹĵ
ǲýݣֻҶµĻֹ˾ĻϱҲֻ⼸λ⽻á
λãҲôܺȾƣλ⡣Ҷ˴˸к
õģõġ˷׷׵ͷӦ
ҶȻ˵ñȽɣǹİǺŨģλҲȦˣһƣ֪˼ҸǸһ·ˣҲΡ
Ҷ߶ȽͣദʱԱȽϷŵÿѡ
ϵٵģǲһҶԼ˵һ
˶ʱȻֲ˼Щһȣԭǵٵİ
Щӵǣʱ򣬺ܶ˶ڸŹҸȵԴһЩ֮󣬾Ϳʼĸչˡ
ҶӦҲϾžǶʮͷӣӦҲʲôٶ
ҶҲ˵ЩһҶȻҲҪҶΪıߵġ
϶ͶһҵӰ˾ôҶҶ
ܺðô뷨Ҷ֮ǵͷͬȻôǵԭ
ҴѧϰƬڴ½һЩƬΪ굵ĽĿƳҶҶ˵
ԭҶΪڼŴԵʣʱ䶼࣬ڼĵʱ򣬾Ƭʱ䣬ŷƬ͸Ƭ˺ܶ࣬;ùⷽȷʵñȽѷɫ
ҶԷչ½ĻҵΪΣȻܹļͶһҵӰ˾ȻʼӺƬʼȡڼ֮ڴ
뷨Ҷȿ϶Ҷ뷨Ȼ˵ڹڣҪɳԼ뷨Σ쵼뷨εģڸ˳Ӧ뷨ǸгḻȺĻ϶ǻõֵ֧ġţ֧ġ
ˣʱЩȻ˵Ͳ˵ǹǻʮ㡣


752 ҶҪĺƬ
϶˼֧ˣҶ֮󣬸еܸˡ
ڴչĻҵǺʵġҶͷ϶Ҷ뷨
ʵڵĵӰȷʵûгʲôرƬӡ
˵Ļҵķ٣ǽھ÷ٵĻ֮ϵģǾ÷δؾܹĻٵĳɹҲҪĻķչ
⼸꣬ڵľȻڿٷչǲȶҲǴڵģǹĸⷽ棬ʼѹеһʯͷ£ǶĻѵҲҪȽһЩ
Ҷţźߵı仯ھ÷չٻýϴĻгķҲһǳõϢ
ҶʱڵӰҵ϶һǳʱ
Ҷѡ˺ƬΪ㣬ҶҲͬģ˵ϴȦôЩģ۹⻹Ǻܾ׼ġ
Ƭһ˵ж֮Ƶĸ۵ڵصģνƬָԪڼӳĵӰ
ѰֺͷɣǹڷڡǴڼձ;˺ƬķɣĬбȽǿҵĹԺԣĶսڼϲ졢ףϰأʽԡǲԽǿϲƬͶƬ
۵ĺƬѾЩˣӰʮʼÿĩ۵ȦڵһЩǶԷشյһ𣬲Ƭļ֡ϲӰƬ׸ڡ
ЩӰƬԹϲơϲ¡»ϲĴҲҪϲ磬һԲĴԲ֡
ݼ򵥣ûʲôĵӰȻͨӰֵˡ
ҶǱȽ޳Ҷ뷨ģϾڹڱȽ׻ӰƬҪľǾĵӰƬһֱִʵĴͶʾ̫ˣС˾ͲҪȥǣǶҪϵġ
ҶȻҪƬȻͲ·ˣСɱϲƬѡˣҶһĥ뵽һЩݡ
˵ĹڵһƬ׷ҷʱͶʽ400򣬵ǹھһصƱͳ1600򣬿νСɱ棬ҪⲿƬһ˵ꡰٻСŮǺѹƬ󽱣ν˫ա
ⲿƬӵĳ֣Ҳ˺굱еĺƬսͶĵĺӰһһ꣬ԽԽ֪ݼִƬУҲΪٵƬ
Ȼ˵뷨ĺƬô˺ñ𣿡Ҷʵ
ӺòãֱӹϵӰϲЧҲǵӰܻܲҪأȻ˵ǰļ˶ҵˣΪأҶǵ뷨еΡ
Ͼʱ򣬹Ȧĵǣ˼·еģͨҶܹóʲôñ
мˣ֪ȡᡣҶҶʵ¶̾óġҶ
Ҷӹ˴ų嵼ݵݹıӣôɳϷ
Ա߶ƵŮǺʶȤ˸ɹιҶ档
ӵݣȻܹҶ⣬ʵӵʮ֮ҶˮƽҪ߶ˣܹ۵ȷʵࡣ
Ҷù⼸ӣϿûʲô⣬޷ǾǷոƬд˼еľ籾ֻҶЦ̫ͣڵȤ
˴ŶʮӵӣҶͷ˼ĶȥȤ
ѱ̵һ߶Ȼ̹һһڣɤӡ
϶ôҶЩеѯʵ
ôҶֱӵػش
ô⼸ӣѾѳζˡҶҶʱеͷ
ҶĻҲеˣϾ˼ģҶһ䲻ôʵе˰
𲻷Ӱĸ˿ģҪĹЩʲôˣʲôҪʲôʲôϣʲôЩܹΪһƬӡҶб۾˵Ǹ⼸ӣһǴӸƬǱ߶Ϯģʺϴ½߶˼άģʽʽȻˡ
Ƕʲô߼ӵųʵ
˵òóǺףԼһŽб¡
ųȻǶҶվ˵۵Щ˾Ҷ⡣
˵ǻǾ͸ǽ˼ˡҶЦЦȻץץͷˡ׷ҷĹڡ
ҶⲿƬܻ֮𣬸ʱʵҲЩϵģܻһЩĳҲȽϵλʱĻӦǲġ
ĸأһŮĸǻƽְҵߣ쿪һһεҵǵĹص㣬ǰ߹һγ񫡣Ҷ룬ͶǼ˵տʼӪҵһͻĹ˿͡˵ϵİү뵱һͶٽΪںƽһֱΪʿһ챻̿Ӣ¾ζ
Ҷ˼֮󣬼˸տʼñȽϳ;е˼ˣɵöҶ¡
һʱ䣬һεĸ˱˿͸֧ʹת˱·ֻľһǲμսĽ죬һֳ쿪ųաŵ̨̹ѵ·ϵҹֿʽļճشլȥץˡҶ˵Ϊûо飬ֳ˺ܶЦҲ©ٳ̿
ҶҶ˼һʱ֮ȾҲˣһֻƱ죬ɵЦҶǱ߶ǽһЩ˸еЦĶӣֵòͣ
ǣĸ˿һƫᣬͳһʶȷ涨˶вԸĹ˿Ҫ˵ʹһεҵ졣Ҷ˵ͨΰΪʧɥʧĵ˻ָţͨΣ˴˿ͣ˴ܿΡͨ˵ΣŪЩ˱˻Եˡ
ȵҶϽڽһ֮󣬼˶ʱ˷
ôǻԱѡˡų嵼ݾͱʾ
ͷСǿ̹оͿʼǸԱϤ˭ʺϳһɫȵȣȦЩԱǣǻǷǳϤģһʱ֮ͽԱȦ˳
ҶǵۣЦЦû˵ʲô
Ҫô˵ʷǾ˵ƣȻѡ׷ҷĴǰŪˣǴų嵼ǣȴǽԭеǼλݸѡ˳ҲǺ˼һ顣
ϸһľ籾ҸҪЦ̨ǺҪġҶҶ˵
϶Ҿ֪ؼʱ̿סҶˣʱϲ
ϸڹ˼ĻҪĺӣɾ׵öˡ


753 ܰҪ
˵Ƭ飬ҵʱࡣ
ҶҶһ£ȴԭ⼸ݺͲ߻˼ˣһЩȨܹռ˾ܹɱİٷ֮ʮңҲǲСֱʡ
Ͷڽȥ£ҾͲгҶضҶ˵
ҲˡҶ˵ͷ
ҶĳҲǿ׬˲Ǯֹ˾߶Ҳܹڷչб֧ƽ⣬Ҷ˼ʹ˺ܶ࣬ҪȥӰҵһг
ƽĶۣȷʵǷչӰҵĺʱĻҵгԱȽϿɣ׾ܹһ֧ʱڵӰԱǵĹףҲǺѡҳЩ˿ɱȵġ
ʱ˺ͶȫˣټϳԣʽԼҶϵͳλҶѡӰӹ˾뷨Ȼȷ
ΨһǷȱģǺõľ籾ҶѰ˼ţԼӦðһ£ŪñӸôһĻͷһڴˣԺװˡ
ܶ£ԭ׷ҷͶҲ400ѣĺܶСˡ
ʲô飿ҶҶͶԤеˡ
Ҷ飬һϲģִŹˣȻһƬŻԤ㣬ʵе˵ڣҪԼò˼
öǮȽϺʣҶЦʵ
ôҲһǧ˵ɣҶҶ˵ҪǻȥƬƹǱ߶˶Цģ˵ҳǮƬӣóȥ
˵˰죬ҶΪһ⡣
ҶͶ뷨ΪһΪĵӰǶСɱӰƬǴ˼ɱӰҪǻڳ跽ˣⲿƬԴʵϾͲҪʲô⾰ͶʣõõĵطҲ٣˼ǮҪͶԱƬ귽棬Ȼò˶Ǯ
Ǿеò֡Ҷ¶ȷʵ˵Ҫ˵Լ˼һӰĻȦǰӸǶ϶ЦŶġ
ӸͲµĲϡҶЩɸֵ˵СɱĵӰܹȡôƱĳɼǲǱ°⿿ǮҳĵӰʲô
ʵΪɱĵӰҲкܶˣǺܶӰɱûջȥҲ˵һ⣬ҪģĶǴҪġ
ڹڵĹڶԣһЩЦĺù£һӰܹĹؼ˵棬˳ȻͿˣȫûбҪȥ׷ʲôĻ˻˷ʽ֮⣬ûʲô塣
ҿʲô˾ӦһȽϸµĹԱôģԼ֪Ҷ˵
УУҸ׶Ĺ𣿡Ҷ˵ʵҪǶñӣʲô׬𣿡
ñӲѣҲĺòУ̯һ׶ϰ壬ġҶûرʾ
˵˵ҶǸһЩȽпϵĽ
˺һ֮󣬾͸ΧСˡ
˷׷§ԼϵС㣬
϶㿴ĸԼѡеͷؽᣬ˲ˡҶԼԴ˵
ҲؼҰɣɩӶˣֳʲôҶ˵
û¶ͷզɩֲǲ֪ҶҡҡͷıѾ൱ˣȽ⣬ʵܰ飬ɩҲ׵ġ
ܰӦҲ˰ɡܰҶ¶
һʱ䣬ܰѩĻӶ࣬ԤӦҲǶ⼸ģҶҪæµһˡ
ֵ˵ŻأҶֻ
ιҶҶȵĶģ绰˵
ҶܣܰҪˣҽԺأ绰˼˵
ʲôҶӱƾӰ죬еӦٶۣһʱ֮侹Ȼû
Ҷӹ˵绰ʵҶʲô
٣˼ꡣŮˣʱеȣܿЩżض˵ܰҪˣȥҽԺ㿴ô죿
ס̾ʹ˹ȥӦǡҶϣ̾ʵλá
ҶʱҲеˣЩ㶵ʵܰҪˣ
ϢȷʵȽͻȻû뵽ܰĶˣҹľҪ
ߣȥȥҽԺҶһѷҶȻкˣһ߳˾ưɣֱĳӶȥ
˼ǵλãҶҲǺԶ
ҶģԴ֮ܰ󣬾ͰӵˣҲǷչˣĻҶٽ쾩ǣܣ۲Ҳˡ
٣١˼꿴ҶҶһĶʱͷ١
ҽԺҵĳҶԽҰڲҲʣ˼꿪ŵܳǿˡ
˾ְ˽ŵؽܰŲ߶ĳϣȻţӰҽԺ˹ȥ
ʱܰѾʼʹˣҶ֣Ҳܽţֵ˵οܰһЩ
Ҷһ·϶ڴ绰˶ϵ˵ȫ⣬⣬кӳ֮ݰ⣬ЩҪʵλĻ鷳¶ܶġ
ܰϾǺԱδӵϢƶӰܴġ
ӿʮӣڵӰҽԺ߶׼ˣֱõܳܰ˽ȥ
ܰ˲֮˲һ
˼һϵ飬ڷ
С꣬һֱŶɩҶʵ
ǹϵܺãһģΪˣҸɴסˣҲиӦ˼͵ͷشؼʱҲ˵Ļżġ
˵ò淢һ߿һ
ˣˡҶȻһϻ
֪龰ΣˣȷʵҲǳĵġ
ʸ᲻ᰲȫһЩʱҶˣܵһ߶ˮϴ˰ȻܻҶ
¶ҲҶҲûⷽľ飬ֻ˵ǾĺӣĵֿǿһЩʸиĻָһЩ
⻹һ㣬ʸиΪûоֵţԻָ֮ķҲȽ֮ĻиʱгЧĻָԶͻȽɳڵġ
ǵļ尾ûйãԼһСʱ֮󣬲ʹˡۡ
ϲǸŮСʿ˳Ҷʾ˹ϲ
ҶʱڳΪ˸ľϲ֮Уһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
Ҷӿڴ淭һһݸ˻ʿллҶˡ
СʿɫؽƱȻתͷ˲棬˼ӣͼҽЦݵ˳Ǳʾ˹ϲȻֽһЩעʲôġ
ȵӤƵ˲֮ҶЦŶҶ˵ϲ㣬ϴϲˣ


754 Ů
ȵӤƵ˲֮ҶЦŶҶ˵ϲ㣬ϴϲˣ
ҶҶĻȴһЦ
ȻǺ¶תҪһεҶеȽͷˣһңѩҲҪ˰
Ȼ˵ĳ̶ֳϽѩѾĬܰĴڣôؼʱҪҶĻû׼ѩҲᱩߵģҶԣ״
һʧߣɾսȼŪȮˡ
ˣȹһͷ˵ҶץץͷҶ˵
ţɩǱ߶Ȱ㰲һ£˵ġϣҶԼҪǲҶĻûʲôָܹˣԸóͷʱǵͷġ
ֵܰؼʱ򣬱ܹĳú顣
Ǳ߶׵֮Ǿĵ˽ȥӤ
Ӥò߽أɫ͸죬еһ̥ëҲںڵģ㣬Ȼ˵۾ûСżᶯһҲ΢΢⶯ţѽѽȻǻӦ硣
濪ſյ¶ȱȽϸһЩҲΪ˷ֹӤͲðʲôġ
ҶֻվһС;Щð
Ҷ˿ӣȻڻ۾ͷҲͰ͵е󣬵ǿǻñȽУӤС֣ӾѽѽغŪҶǳ
ǰҽжϣ˵ⱲӹǺкˣԹӤʲôҲףɹʺܵͣھȻһӾҪΪӵĸףҶ浱ȻϲʤҶ˵ϲҲû
ʱ򣬼רɩͱķҲ˹Ҷܰʾ˹ϲ
ܰڴϣʱľѾָ˺ܶࡣ
ƽʱĶһε̱Ƚ˳̥λҲһСʱҵʱ䣬ʵڲ˵̫Ҫ֪Щ˲֮ʮСʱ޷˳ģҲеģСʱʱ̵ġ
ʱܰŵΣΪ˷ֹȾģ̺˳ҲҪµʱָҪȵȫָĻӦڰ֮ˡ
ʱҶ֣ܰԱ߶
ǲԵú֡ܰʵ
ǺǣһҲ֡Ҷ˵
ǲǳˣܰʵ
ˣ˭˵ֱӳӡҶ̱ʾ
Ҷվһ߶ЦʵܰҶѡҵŮˣȷʵķǳʹڲô£Ҳ޵ĹâֻǴʱֶһĸԶѡ
ɩӰľСζһֱ㣬ҲᾡϹʲôԸҴ绰߶ͷһЩʲô鶼ܹĶҶЦŶܰ˵ȻַԸ˼꼸䣬ʱ绰Լ㱨߶ʲôҪʱ硣
ллСˡܰ΢΢˵ͷҶĹķǳм
ΪҲҶ֪ѩҲҪˣôһĻҶ϶һͷȻǸˣ߶ҪƽģĻмˡ
ѩҶýȢȥϱҶҲܲܲ˵ģҶӽ˵үүҶүӾҪùչˣҶҲֻǳնܹ󲿷ʱ仹Ǳ߶š
ܰҲźһҪǸҶ˸ӵĻ͸ˡ
ϾҶô˭Ҳ˵׼Ҷҵ뷨ôҲ֪ĸƾӹûģϧúܰ
ϴŮҵɵˡҶȻҶ˵
㶼ˣʲôɵҶûзӦ˵һ䣬ȻܰЩı飬ʱˣǾЦ˵û⣬Ǹɵ϶ʸ⣬˭ʸŮĸɵ
˵⻰ҶԼܾܵ͸ˡ
ܰݣǼùģǲҪνҶңֵһˣҶŮôܹ˳Ҷҵˡ
˵ѩǱ߶֪ͿˣҶģֻҪֵҳһ࣬Щ⻹ǿĬϵġ
˵ˣҶıѾǱȽϺˣѩҲϣŪòʰ
ɵøģҶ׼𣿡Ա߶˼ʵ
аҶһɵķ
ⶫˮͷ㣬Ӧǲ֣ǵҪߵö࣬ƼƷ
Ϊ֮ǰ֪ܰѩˣҶ׼ר˸߼ķ͹һֱʹ߶
дŮķʸҸŮҶЦŽùҶС
ⶫˡҶҲʶˣǷ񣬶ŵƹ⣬۾һ̶Ե
ϻŮʹ˻𣿡Ҷ˵
ҶЦЦȻͰѷŵܰУȷŰɣⶫ޵ļױû⡣
ܰӹ֮󣬿һۣҲûпֻҶô˵ҶѡģţⶫôҲֵٰʮġ
Ҷһ˼ܰжģ;ԼҶûʲôλΨԼŮҲù⣬ʱȻҶͷȻͺðˣҲٵı۸ʲôġ
ô˵ҶҶҵĴҶеĵλģĻܹڵһá
պˣⶫӦֵ߰ӡҶܰ߬ţһ䡣
ֵôǮܰ˼ˣΪȡ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻôصĶӡ
̫˰ɣо涼ѹҪǸӴţĿģ˼ЩԲ˵
ǰҪŵӵ׶ѹˡܰҲ˵
ʵҲûʲôҶ˵϶еǮԺŮҪ޵Ļܵһڳɵݡ
ֲһ䣬Ԫ
Ҷ˾ЦѾͷļױҰԲˣ⵱ľûˣ¼ô˵顣
˭ҪŵɵأΪ˺ôɵģҶЦ˵
Ǽ˵Ц˼ͺЩشյӤԣȥĶͣذڶŵССţżһѽѽĽһ綯һ˼
ǲеĽҶȻЦʵ
ţܺ˼ͷĿȴʼӤϴת
ԼһҶЦ
˼ˣŷӦԭҶԼЦŤͷȥܰ˵Щˡ
϶㲻ھͷտտүǱ߶Ҳ˵û⺢ӶˣܲǶ֪ɣҶͽҶһԣ


755 
Ҷ˵⻰ʱȻܰȴˣЩŵؿҶȻǶǳ⡣
˵ֻǸҶһôҶҲĴڣҲʲôֵ飬ܰѾҶ˺ӣôȻҲϣõҶҵĳϵģϾҲϵԺӵ⡣
ܰȦСһҪҶĻҲðôķգһǼȲܹҶҽɣʧȥȦĵλƸôʧɾʹˡ
ҶҲܰһۣԼλɩͰ͵ؿԼ֪ǳУǾ͵ͷ˵İɣҶ˶ϡ٣ĺӣܲܲϵģ¶ȥ˵
ȻеˣҲҶȥ̯ƣűȽϺʡ
ˣ̫ʵġ
ܰǱȽϺõģҶҶһ£ҽԺ۲һ죬ȻתؼȥϾڱܺչˣֻҪбķɩڣ˼ţžͲʲô⡣
ôҪԭҲΪ˲ܰýǰع⣬ĻһλŮԱԣͻȻδӵϢȻǺɱģܿҵһӾͳˡ
Ͼڹڣⷽ黹ǺܼɻģǹϿ㣬Ȧĸǻ˷˵ġ
ҶȻܹȷϵͳ飬СϢɵĻҲ˵
Ҷ˼ڲһ͵š
һֱסܰǱ߶Ҷ˼
ǰھûԼķӣƽʱסƵ꣬ʶ֮ܰ󣬲סġ˼ش
ڵľʵھӦҲɣҶ˵
˼ۿǸߺܶˣѾʮ򣬶೪һ׸ĻҪӼһ߸ֵУټϻֹ˾ҵæڸֵֻȷʵͦۺġ
һϸԼԷõĻ˼Ӧǧǧ֮䣬һʮ겻СѾͷԣȷʵǷǳˡ
Ҷ˵ľʵҪĻҲһ仰顣
񾩽ıҲǰʮһ׶ѣͻ԰̵أ൱㡣
һס຦°˼ĵ˵
Ҷһʱûˡ
⵹ȷʵǸ⣬ٶǮҲֻһֳܷÿŮ˵߶
˼һȷʵҶٸͱùǺ춼ûʲô˵
˵⻰֮˼Ҳʶе⣬ЩСĵؿ˿ҶֻҶһƣȻǴ¡
ûɣ˼Щȷʵ
ûСҶҡҡͷ˵˻ȷʵʲô¶ǶһҪε˶ԣϼݶծһӶ尡
ǲǿҶٵӣھͿʼеͷˣ˼ʵ
ҶȷʵǹŵģۿѩҪˣܰˣʮ֮ڣҶҪӭӵĵȻ˵ⶼϲ¶ܴϲ¶ǶڷҶ˵Žٵ磬Ҷҵĸ֮⣬ȻҲǶһֱͷ
ֻҪ뵽ĸַӦҶپҪһ
иֵҶܰɢһ»үһ顣
ҶǲôģԼ㲻⼸ŮˣϱǺǿģӦҲҼҲȽݣֻŮĸܣͲ˵ˡ
˼ҶЩͳͽӿ˹
ʱµףǵҹǱȽģ˴ҽԺһ·ߵܹͣеһЩ⡣
Ҷ˼§ڻУоСèһԼ˼壬۶·ûйͷһˮʱܹڻ
ϲϷ𣿡ҶȻʵ
ϲôˣ˼Щʵ֪ҶΪʲô˵Ļ
ϲУʲôʱϲˣͶ˵Ҹ㰲źú顣Ҷ˼˵
ںܳһζʱ棬ҶϲڵĹ˼ͷ󣬾ͺضҶ˵
ǾͺáҶͷ
Ҷúˣô˵ŮǴʲôְҵҲãֻҪ˳ľУĻҶҲǲܸṩõʽ򵥵ʽȻһЩǻǮ첻ģǾ飬ǻǮܹ쵽ġ
ƫƫЩĿҪǮʵֵģһϣҶȫŮκҪġ
˼ҪȻȥΪӭܰԺһЩ׼ҶͿȥ
ͷ֮Ҷͻʡפ죬˯һ
֮󣬳˵ŶʱҶӭ˶ɽгѡ
ȻӵҶǳŭһͷһŤ۾컨壬Ͳкûд
ҶˣֻЦЦѣûˮƽûʡûԱҶԼĸǼƽϵĻʧݵġ
ֻҲе棬ƾʲô£ܹڶɽгλأ
飬ҶѾɽǶѾǳˣֻǳٳûвȡʲôȻҲΪ˼ɵġ
ĻʡίҪһгҲһ仰顣
ίǽ󿭡
СҶǣҪȥ󿭼ҶǺشк
ڽֿΪҶȻҲкȻ˵ûʲôرİŰɣһؼȥһȦ˽¶
ţӦõġû¶ȥɣʲôĻʱ绰֪ͨ㡣󿭷ǳȵرʾ
ǾͶлˡҶлЦŸ󿭸Ȼ˳ȥ
һĹҶֿѣһһˣȥеһ˫۾ģϵȴǱȽϻӦǮˡ
ߴߴز֪˵ʲôʹҶǰ˹ȥȻһ
Ҷע⵽ĳƣڽ貿ĹҿƵıţҲǺܿҲǸ˾ֳݡ
СӣȻ貿йҲ֪Ǵʲô
ô˵Ҷѵӡ󶼼˾һ£ԷĳƸСϣʱһ£ʲô˵ĳӡ
֮͵⳵ˡ
Ҷϳ֮ȥ
ȥ鲿ɣȼһ塣Ҷ˵
˵ͷ˳ӡ
Ȼ˵оֺ;鲿ͬϵͳ֮ҲǴ򽻵ģϾоֵصǵֵǿ˵鱨ҪԾ鲿ΪģоеʱҲӾ鲿Ǳ߶ȡ鱨һͷϤˡ
ǰҲȥ鲿Σֻȴûмľ鲿ܸˣλҵʢĴҲǺܸȤġ
һΣܹȥλ鱨ˣˡ


756 ϲ
ûдкҶǹȥʱ򣬾һա
İ칫ΣϵҶ֪λҶٵݷͬһ㣬Ծͽٸ
绰ûõģǱ߶źһΡ칫Ҷ͵
ֲˣ˵绰ôû˽ءҶˣʱȻ
Ϊȥˣֻܿû뵽ȴΪȥĳܻأֻźűεˡ
ñ·ϵһɡ칫ζҶ˵һȻù̶绰岦˹ȥ
Ǳ߶˽֮󣬰칫˶ԷݣȻҪн
˼ӣŽ˵绰ʲô¶
壬ҶҶӹ绰˵
ŶҶôͻȻңЩʵ
ھǣ˵飬û뵽˸աҶش
ԵһɣϾͻȥˣԷɡ˵
áҶ̾ʹӦ
˵绰Ҷİ칫жʮӵл͸ϻˡ
ҶһԼľͷȻ˰칫˵
ôͻȻܹˣҶ£Ȼʵ
˽ǵ˲裬Ȼ뿪
ˣҶոյһŮҶͶ˵
ѩˣôûиңˣʱЩԾ
ѩҪˣ¶֪ģҰҶүӺͶүӵԸѩ˺ӣ϶ǵһҪġ
񶼹ȥһҹˣûյⷽϢȻеģ뵽ҶͻȻ˹岻ɵҪһ£ԥʵѵ˵⺢е⣿
ΪҶ⣬ֵԼ֮⣬ҲأΪҶҪˣû뵽ѩȻˣ¶ھϲ֮⣬ҲеģǧҪҰӰɡ
䣬ܸǽҿɴʱˣǿô߶߶ģ岻ɵþЩġ
ʲô˼밡ˣû⣡ҶһԥԥӣʱͷӦˣЦ˵Ǻ⣡
뵽ȻΪӲҶֶҶʱеЩŶЦ˺ð죬Цɫÿˡ
ʲô⣿ʵ
ҶЦ˰ϳȥһ٣ƫƫҶŪҲûʲôƢֻǳ⡣
ҶĺӣѩġҶ˵ǸȽԱܰ˵ûУҶ˸Ů߽أͦɰģͷںڣƤҲͦ׵ġ
Ŷ˵ҸˡҶһ۵
ܰ飬ֻǶ֪һЩЩ鲢Ĺע֮УһҲûע⵽ʲôȴû뵽ܰѾظҶһŮ
ͣһĥ˼ǲΪӵ⣿
壬һӾͲµҵ뷨ˡҶʱЦܰΣҶҵֶүӺͶүǱ߶дǱ߶ǴӦҪҶһµģҾԼķֲԻ鷳æԲһԲʡүϹҲס
뷨ǲ°ͣ˵ôģ
Ҳеԥھ͸үǽˣǵȵѩҲٰ֮ϢүǣҶ˵
ҶǾãͰܰ˺ӵϢүǣǲֺöģû׼ǵǲȻŭҶһѪͷһҶȻҪүӵ壬ǾͱȽ鷳ˡ
ǵȵѩҲ˺ӣ֮˵ܰҲ˸Ů飬û׼˾үǶҶ䣬ȴδؾͻ󶯸λ
ȴҲеҲ̫СүүˡҶ뷨֮󣬾ЦŰ˰ֵүǸˣ檵Ҳϡ¶ʵһĺܶཫǣҲһüŵģ¶ҿʲôҪŮִ£󲻶ôء
ôһҶҲúе
ǺǣҾ˵¶Ҷ̾ЦҪԼҪǵүǲˡ
Сӣ١ȻǱȽõģЦָָҶ˼˵СƨĹǲ˿̻ˣˮƽԽԽߡ
Ҷָ˵˻Ȼʲôʱȥүӡ
飬Ҿûǵȸү˵˵ӿϢ׼Ǹ˵ġͶҶ˵˵Ϳˡ
ʵүϲҶʲôܣҶү˵¶ûѹġ
ҲáҶָүӴ˸绰ȥ˵Ҫ
߶æأʲô绰˵СүǱ߶飬ҲҶϹʲôֱӾ˵
ɶҴҶϸոյһŮӰҽԺأҪҪŮҶҲûзϻֱӾ͵⡣
ʲôѾˣڲŸңүˣȻʹΪǵţ͵ҽԺȥ
Ҷ߶ĵ绰ûйϣཱུæ
Ҷһۣ˵Ȼˡ
үΪԼһûãԶҶЩСǣһֱǹذмӣҶүӻҪһЩǴҶԼĽǶҲǾöүҪһЩ
ҶүȻҲףþλǸ̫ƢҲȽϹֱӱе˵ҶƽǼֵܽǣҶүӵ棬ҲеСĽΨǵүӲˡ
ΪүҪȥҽԺҶҲ˹ȥ
ǵҽԺãͼүӵݾͿˣȻʮűµľ䱸
ļ䲡أүӿҶ壬æʵ
¥ءҶ·Ȼ͵ܰڵĲ
ػһǷ㣬Ǻչˣû˻ס
ү²ƿţͿʿСӤӤѽ
үȻС˽ȥԶŲȥٸ׶Զĺӣȴ̲סС۵ƯǺǡ
ҶʱЦˣճӤʲôƯģ϶ͦģҪһ֮ٿܾƯˡ
үǰݼڣȻҶҵĺӣǴһʼ;Ưġ
⻰ˣ;ÿЦˡ
Ҷ˶үӵڳλҲһСѾͷ
ҲǷǳȤشүһΧӤȥ۾ѾһӤ¶ǳ˵ı顣
үӻͷٿʱ򣬾еԾˣѩôӵı仯Ȼô󣿣ſȥ˶˰Ҷϲˣ


757 㶨˶ү
үӻͷٿʱ򣬾еԾˣѩôӵı仯Ȼô󣿣ſȥ˶˰Ҷϲˣ
Ҷһ⻰ʱˣЦöӶеƫƫǲҷ̫ʡóСӡ
һͣһŶӣڵϣЦñˡ
үӻϲϸ˵һ仰ܰҶЦñȥȻ˲á
һˣҲǼΪŹֲֻ֣ҶСԻ治ЦүӣǶҲЦ˻
үȻûзӦ֪ǶʲôôҶøǷ緢һ㣬ıҲǴ㲻ͨʱ򣬱ģ
ôˣŹֵġүͷܾЩʲôطǲͷģƫƫ벻ס
иڻڼ䣬һ㶼кܴ仯ģͷַԲʲôģӷʲôģе᳤ʱԵĻƺְߣԶү֪仯
ֻϸµʱ򣬻ҶѩѩȻģҲеˣûкܴı仯ôǰȻҲǳ÷ǳƯȴѩ֮ǰ󣬴ͬأ
үֻ˵ŮӵʱҪܴĴۣܴܺʹ࣬ȫĹλˣҲû˵òҲᷢôı仯ġ
ͻȻ˲֮󣬾еˣ˵°ûУѩ˶ˡ
Ҷſһ߶ɳС˯ͻȻ淢ĶԺ۾ͿҶڵϳһڴ㣬үһ𾪵վܰĲǰǿһ㡣
үү壬СϵģǳʲôأҶԺؾʵ
ˣҵĶӡʵǳŲסˡҶ˳ȥò׳ŵͷ棬ҪЦȴЩףϽܵ¥ݼĴǱ߶Ƿ
ôЦһ֮󣬲žö˺ܶ࣬еûŵĶӣеε˼ʿȵԼܹӦʱ˻ȥ
ԼܹԱ߶ԶվļСʿڿ˽
вɣ
оŹŹֵֹġ
ǲǼ˵˾֢ܲ˴
ҽԺĲ˼ˣǴޣǴЦģдֵģǴʱˣȻʲôʶˡһһЩĻʿ˾ռߵض˵
ҶҲǣԭ죬Ϊ棬Ҳ˵˼ǲܵˡ
߻˲ͼҶѾˣվүӽ顣
ҶҶǵȵ˾ǣͶ԰һĶү˵үү飬ҶͰɡ
˼Сʲô飿үӺܲ˵ضҶǳ
תͷ˿Ӥ̾ѹͷʰСӡ
ҶŶүӳ˲忴˿ɫĲͶº͵˵СǰɣҪģúţӺܺá
壬ˡҶæܰܵ
ллǡܰ⻹ǵһμϵҶˣȴû뵽ڲ棬ȻЩǼȻҶˣǲٵŮûҶ֪ˡ
ʵܰãԼŮ鱻ͷ֪ҲûʲôµľҶ˲Ѿͷ˵ĻżѹҶҲͷΪѵġ
ںôҶ˹ˣһܺõĿʼںݱʲôӣȻҶҶȥٳֵģȴûʲôȥˡ
棬үҶĻ֮󣬲Ÿȥ
үүҲ֪ģΪԼעûкˣҲƣŻȽҸģչˣûҶҳ𡣡ҶͶԶү˵ʱܰУ绹еǲԼĺӣ˺ܾãɩҲУܰѾͷҲˣɩĺҲˣ˫ϲŰɣ
ϲ¶ϲ¶ǾͲǰ˵ŪҸôһЦһΪѩģˣүӵɫתãǶҶûֱӸԼ飬ЩڻָͷҶŶ˵СӣĿүүǲǣ
аǶүү̫żҪŮԲŸŪˡҶȻϽ˵̾ͷֱ
ô˵ⶼҶҵĴĵһӰү߶ţҲЩһҲִƾίĴʱı֣ǸͨĵõϲѶһ޶
ȻүֱԹҲǸˣȻңⶼΡ
ΪɶҵΣҶ
СǸ£Ļߥһҵ£ҪȻ뷨үӷ
Ҷ⻰ûзϾȷʵǱġ
Ҳãүһͨˣ͵ŸˣֻҪƽҶүӣǽҹˣ˵ҶҶӽʲô¶
λүӶĬϵʵҶӽҲ˵ʲôǳҶ䣬ȻٺúõذοһƶϱѩˣȻˣҪôҲҪҶٲˡ
һСүҶͬ£߽˲ֿ˿ӤȻ͸ܰ
ĹǱȽϰģΪǵǿ߶ӤͲ۾̼ȽϴĴ˱ȽϺʵڹⴰƹҲ˹ʱȽСİ׳ݣ˵ΪĿġ
˵ĻүҲھͰܰ˱ѩϾȻúƯòϵĲǺܴġ
СǰɣҪģúţӺܺáүӾܰڳԼΪͰ̬ȣܰ˵
ֻ˵⻰֮󣬾ͷܰҶɫɫЩŹ֡
ţ˵ʲôүɵɵֿ˿Ҷ
Ҷǲ֪ô¶̯̯˫֣ʾ֪顣
ҶͺЩ̿ض˵үүղ˵⼸仰Ÿܰ˵
ˣҽѵһǶүˣʱһĴȵ
Ǻǣ⺢Ӹ󰡡Ҷ̾Цűʾոүүõľί׳͵ߵ߶ܹǶģԺĳϢСˣ
˶ʱ΢ЦܰЩȣȻ֪Ҷȴˣ֪λȥһˣȻִƾίȨҶϽ
˵⺢ӵĸ治һĴȻܰûа취ʽҶң⺢ȴǲ۲۵ҶҵĴеĴ


758 ֲ
ҶүĹҲæʵûʱ䣬ֻǺæͲæ
Ѯ֮󣬽ڵĹصתƵϵϡ
ѮʱںЭĳͻƶ£ϿĹͬŬעĿĵһΡ̸¼ʽС
ǺϿȨ߸֮״λҲʮ߲ʿ״νӴ̸
λ̸ֻԡԡԺ͹ԵķΧ䱾е弰ϵӰ̨ڵĸ߶Ӻ͹ձע
ʮϿߵĵĸֽ뽻չĽ׶Ρͬʱ¾ס¾Լ˽͵ɵҲԽԽ࣬ҲΪϵķչѺ鷳ؽ
ȻͺЭ˫й̸ڽӴνϵͣȨ㼰εӰԭ򣬽չһֱбҪ߲θ̸ֱսЩ⡣
½ΪЩ⣬ᳫͨӴ̸нϵеľ⣬Ŭٳ˵һΡ̸
ϣЭ᳤λԡԡԡԵģ˵ýԺͱȻԣýеľ⣬úĻšֱӡͨҪ󡢹Ṳͬ￪ľýĽ顢̨ڴ½Ͷʺʹ½óʿ̨⡢⡢ԴԴ⡣
³ϵͬ˽ＰúͿƼĻⷢʾԸ跨ٽҵʿã뺣Эֳ￪侭ý鼰ͬԴԴ⡣
ʾĿǰƻܿ˫Ͷʣǿϣ½ر̵̨Ȩ档
Щ̸ϣԴԴϵش˸߲ǵǰǲοΪľһĲá
ʵϣҶүӦǿӲɵģҲϣջ̨
ֻ˼˭ҲԸͬҲٸ꣬ԴҶϣܹͨȽϺƽķʽʵͳһĿꡣ
һεĻ̸ȻǾ˸ĸ߶ȹעΪλһͷ
ʵҪĿǰҲǷǳбҪġ
׳Ҷͬ־Ҫ˽Ҷү˵
ɡҶүӵ˵ͷȷʵЩ棬֪үʲô飬һҪԹ˵¶
ǱȽҪ飬үһǲģǱȽҪ飬үҲֻһ˵
ԣҶү΢һ룬ˣ϶Ǽ顣
Ȼϣүӹʱ򣬻Ҷн
ôֳôųҶүûڰ칫Ӵǣ߳Ժӣһ߶˵һ߶ɢɢҲǻˡ
¶үһ죬ǲ֪ô˵ˡ
ʵڴҶǬҲеġ
ν縸Ҷүһˮȥģֵܺòװ˽ţŹ˺ӣ󣬸ȥϸףҲûж𣬾֮䣬Ҳʮꡣ
С˵ҶүĿ棬̾ҳ֮еص㡣
Ҷߥţ˲ܳͬһϵеģҶүܹ̾жϳһε飬Ҷйϵġ
үү˵ءү̾ͽҶƵǰͷ
ҶʱһΪѣ˵үǲ壬ȻҲҪͷ
Ҳûʲô취ֻӲͷƤҶү˵үү¶ȷʵ˵ҴһŮȴѩɩġ
Ҷүˣû¶ʲô
ҶҲ͸ʲôֻý˵ɣȻҴе׶ǺҶҵģ˼ңҲ̫ʣҾûǸ˵˱ȽϺá
Ҷүˣû˵ʲôҲǲ
ҵ˼ǣԭȴ粻˵ûͻȻӣҲֻ˵չҶңӦϲ¶ҶʱǸ㲻Ҷүӵ˼ֻǰ֮ǰ룬˵ȥ
ֻһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
˵ҶүӴʲôķӦôҶ˵ǵģҶүӲ˵еʴӡ
ϾϷݵġ
˵ˣҶүӼҶ˵ˣǾʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ
˾£ѵҲˣܰѺĶȥҶүӵȻشҶµ飬Լȥͷʹ͹ˣαٳͷӣүүҲǱӲİɣæΪôһС£ŰҲŪֵ¶еСˣһ绰ôҪøһ֪˵ҶҵļҷϽ֪˼ˣΪǼҳ˶أ
٣СҾ˵үүȹ㻹ţ˰ɣүӹһЦʵҲеΣҶүȻ˵ҶĸֲҶһŪ¶϶Ҷү˳Ҳѵˡ
ҲǿȥȻҶүҲ׵ܵһۣȻûʲô
ҶүӸĸֲۣȴǺܷʾҲǵϢ᲻ˣһʲôģǸ鷳˵ˣ˵ĴȻŮҲҶҵһ£ôܲүү㽲һæûʱ俴Ů֪ܵôӰɣ
ҶүҶĻǵ˵ͷţҪң̫Ӧˡ
ʵͣﱲһ簮ҶүȻ·æûʱ䣬ǲûȤ
ʵϣҲۿλŮֻ̫УǲȥҽԺˡ
Ҳô˵ܰҶýȢӣѩ⣬Ҷүǲñʾʲôģ˽˵仰ҶҶǲΪ̬ȵǶѡ
ô˵ǽˡ
ҴȥҶС˵ȻºˣǾͺúö˼Ů޶ҪֳǷѩǱ߶ҪãŪô׺ʲôģɲҪʰҶүӶҶ˵
ҼסˡҶǲʹˡ
ȻˣǾ߶緹ɣ˳ٺȵơҶүѵһ鵹ǺܲģԷ
˶ʱЦȻҶүҪȾƣǾ˵ȴǲҶһ³ԱҶүӵӰ컹Ǻġ
ȻүӶڴڵķҲûʲôڴܳʱ䶼ûиһԷˣôһһȾƣȻҲǷǳ˵ġ
ҶǽˣţȵԼӳʱ򣬲֪Ҫô˽أ
ҲǸͷ۵ⰡԼû˰æԲġ


759 Ҫ
ǺþơүƷһ±еľƣ̾ͱʾ
˼ʮԭƣȻһ㡣Ҷүӻش
ԭƣǿɲˡҶ֮󣬾۵ԭûȵģʱҶүôһ˵ʱҲ£ԼһƵӡ
ڹŴ׾ƴʳͨͳɾƣȫǲԵԭʼҺҲνԭ
ʮǰڴͳϵİ׾ƶԭƵķ롣
ʳӦţΪԼܶƳʳþƾ֬ζģ⴫ͳԭƵĸС
ԭӵеĴڸиǹҰ׾ƿԱģζڸкͷԶ޷ﵽԭƵˮƽȻҰ׾ƶҲûкܴΣƾҵľƺͷۣԭƾͺ
°׾ƼǹҾˡҶүЩп˵
ʵԭҲУǱȽˣعһٲְ׾ƣԭƣЩعʲôģһⶼǹҾơ
ʳ϶ˣٷĻԺԭҲģϾǵ׷ҲˡҶͱʾ
˼ڣ;ȷʵܲɵ޵
ʮǰľƣҴ˺üӡҶүӾ˵
ҶүȻ㲻Ϻþ֮ˣȷʵúȣҲͶһЩȴʮǰʹµģǰʮʱ򣬴ӱתӹģһֱ浽ڡ
׾ȻԽԽ㣬ǾƾҵĿ϶УϾƺŹ񫡣үӴʱҲܸߣҶ֪ô˽
֪ˣ͸ȹˡҶү˵
ڵķȻ£ƽʱԷ٣ҶүӵθҲò״ճĸһҶүӵθҲܺãӶҲƵҶ˼βˣĸǴֲˡ
鲻үӶҶү˵
ţ죬ϵͻƣ滹ǱȽϸ˵ġҶүӾͽġ̸˵˵
Ǻ¶Ҷ˵
óϵ缸꿪ʼȻ̨ڴ½ͶʲóǧĽ£ͻߵ̨̣ѾǴڡ
ڵһЩĳ̶ԣȻǶȽϵĵģԽ׳һǶ˽Ͷ߶ԣֱܶӾͽ½Լսˣ˵ڵǵгϳ˼ߡ
óΪˣìܷҲˣҪͨһĽ͹ͨ淶ЩͶΪĦͼչ
ڵȻǻ鱨ȻҪǿ̨Ǳ߶ľ鴦ȻܲⱣܶ˶ǵߣڶǹԱһЩ£ֶΣҲ伫ǵĶԻԱ߶һ䡣
үҲͷͬûԾ͸һֱûĹѾڲĲ鴦˺üˣ˳ƷŹȥӡ
ƽʱڵĵսҶˣЩп˵
ĹһֱЩеģԸսʱƽʱûжĹϵֻҪежڣĹͱһֱȥ
ҲΪĹҲһֱȽϰıģȻֿеʱȥñȽϿЦȴƶϲıϡ
ڲǰݾǱ߶ƻһǾ̨ܹصĻݽУͼȡһЩ鱨ϡ
ԷУһȴĿģֱҪ˽鱨ϴȥʱ򣬲ű˸ץС
Ϊ飬廹ȥһ˶ݾǱ߶ϸһ
ô˵¶ҪǰҶүӾͱ̬ƽͳһԸǵҪԼɣǲĵġЩˣڴʱҲҪ⼤ìܣ²ܺͿСϿ鴦
֮󣬵˵ͷ
Ҷүӵ˼ǺģȻҪץģǲҪϰǾô󻷾÷չƽͳһ˵ԷһЩùĹ⼿ǲĵģעҪʧܵġ
ˣǰƼô¶ˣȥҶүү֪˵Щʲô飿ҶȻ뵽ƼôнǾʵ
װϵһЩ⣬ʲôġүӾͻشҲûǮֻܴӦ˵һǮˣȿǵ顣
үôһ˵ҶүҲͷȷʵͷۡ
ڵҲȽϸӣĸҪģĻ񾭼õ֧һˣǸӰɲǳܵģ˵˽ӪҵҵԼ徭õʢ뷢չȻҲڹ񾭼пʼԽԽҪãǱϾ
ǿˣӽŸе
֮ǰжϣڼʮǲᱬսģУҲֻһЩֲľֲսǺսǵӰ첻ǾȷԾýΪĵķչ򡣡Ҷү˵ƶȷģҲȷʵ·ѾøϿ壬ѵҪѧϰģʱڣҪìȻϰˮƽߺʹ֮ìܣȻҪԷչΪҪĿ꣬ҪһЩǡ
ҲһЩġҶʾںܶתƷˣܶĿзҲֹͣˣһЩȻڵıҲڶ߶۸г۸񵹹ҵƷûгΪ㣬ҵһָĻҵĻûˣҲˡԺһ£ⲿ˺ͼȴǶʱ֮ھͿġ
Ҷ˵⣬ȻҲ˹ĵģϾǹ֮֮ƣҪȿɹֿزУ˵װĲ̫˵Ļǻǵġ
ҶүҶĻ֮󣬵˵ͷʾҶⷽһЩʶģҲ˵ʵҲҪģĺöǲɵġ
Ҷˣʱ۾һ֪ȻڴϣƺǷ˾裬Ϊս߳쵼ǣȻ֪ӽҪԣԵʱὫЩҪĿ
Ȼ˵Ľ裬ȷʵͣڣǹһЩĿϵͶʣȻõȱϡ
Щܹ֤Ҳᱻ۸ŻаȫС
ʧȥЩװĻǲŻֵΣ֮С
ΪһҪչô׵ġҶүӾͶҶ˵ҪչΧһѹҶе־壬ֻܹչһ棬һ棬ʾԵУǾûʲôвģĻܹ÷չĻᡣȵʱˣҲǮˣôеĶǻеġ
ҶүӵĻȵǮ˵ʱȷʵʲôˣҲûе¶Ĺ
ҶүҪĵ˵иݵġ


760 º
մҶүǱ߶үӾҪȥҶŮ
ųԺأȻص˼棬ȥˡҶһʱ䣬ͶԶү˵
үˣ˵ͷҲϾҽԺǱ߶˶ӣȥ̫Ƶˣ϶ᱻע⵽ģǻ˼ͷˡ
סүʵ
Ŷģܷ㡣ҶԶүӽһ£Ȼ˵ʱĳֱӿȥУҲ֪ʲôġ
ǺãͦܵġүӾ˵һ䡣
Ҷ˵ҲΪ˷չϾŮͬʱУҲ֪羿ãˡ
ȻˣȻôģǰԴսϳɱôҲû뵽죬ӶˡүЩп˵
ҶЦүү㱣壬ٻʮģʱŮĺӶѧˡ
ٻʮ꣬Ǳһȥˣô׵ġүˣЦҡҡͷ
ʵҽѧˣҲȥˣԺưҪܶˡҶͶ˵
ġһԵͷͬڵĺܶϸɲʮҲˡ
ͶүӵĳӣҶ;зֿȻظĵط
Ҷһ£ǺܷģǸ˼˸绰ܰͺӰŵôˣ
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ҷҪһӣǲףĸɩְ๤ҶһҶͶ˵
ĸɩҶܾҶôеСˣһ룬ҶٻԼǮİãĸɩҲΪṩĸᣬӴķҲģû飬˵ʲôֻ
ҶϸһȻɩʱϸػĸ˵ĹʱζʲôӰలŵȵȣ֮ϸ͸˾һ㡣
ֻϸܹȷĸӤȫҶٱʾ
Ҷһ룬ҲȻˣҶΪԼԭ򣬿϶ʱʱ߶ģôΪ˾һЩȻҪøְţʡܰˣʡίʲôġ
ҪʳҲҪŪˣʳȻԣӤҪҶЦҾûһλḻĶҽԱʱ֮衣
˵ҲеҶٵΪȻ̾ͼ
ҶҶг䣬绰һȻ鲿Ʒɲġ
ǰ˵飬ѾˡƷɾڵ绰˵
ǰ˵飬ҶǵԼ˵飬һгĸ⣬һľݵ顣
鵱УҲֻҪġ
Ϊ˱Ҷǽһ䣬İеĻŮģ
϶е£ŮôǳҰŵλȥƷ̾ͶҶһ䡣
˵ҲҶƷ¶֮ƷϸؿϣĻҶ˵þ컨׹ҲһλίԱǹʹ
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ֻ˵Ҷ֮󣬻ǽ˸߲ҰˣƷҲһ£ǷʲôչǱʡ
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㲻鰡ƷЦЦȻŹ˵绰
Ҷ˵绰룬¶Ӧȸһ£ϾƷ߶˵飬ȻǶˣҪﵽʡ棬þڣʱˣģҲʡȥܶ鷳Ļڡ
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ȻǶ飬һҲİȻ֪ƷɵΪζʲôҶڸ߲Ȧ棬ԽԽԵÿˡ
ҲǺ¶ҶһˣһŵǾȫ˵ˡ
Ҷҵĵ˵УҶ쵼Ͳɢˡ
˵һЩѣǰһר̰ݷȥˣǸһŶҶʾܵ飬ü˵ģֻҸ֮䵥ϵ
ǰܹٶɣҶ̾Ͳ³ˡ
ǺǣȻĻ鲿Ĵ󲿳ɶҶվǾЩ⣬Ͼ¶ͦ˸˵ģҲԼĵһԱˣǾͶҶ˵һʡٺ١
϶ţƴˣҶ֮ҲЩզ࣬û뵽ҶĲζôˣȻʡְλҵǡ
ǺǣҲǴҸ¡ҶЦЦܸˣ˳־͸ѵ绰˹ȥ
˭ֻ֪Ȼû˽ӣҶеЩơ
飬ͺСӸյõһܺõߣҪóҫһȴû뵽ΧһҲûУɨˡ
Ҷܿ͸ҶʼоӤӦõʲôˣȻֿʼʪֶǷֵᳫʹõȵȡ
ܰڴϣҶҶֵô飬ɵЦ˳˵λǹٳ̳ϵķˣ˭֪ҲڼЩëƤ飬е˼


761 ˵̫
ȥʡ濪ᣬμһ˰Ƹĸ﷽̸ᣬڻ϶˵˺ܶȽϼҵۣͷС
ճ˻ңͿֻڻ潻תתȥ
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ΪһζʱķȽϽţнǾĵ绰һԼӣ鲻ҽӣֵʲôҪ飬Ծһֱڻҵſڣ
Ŷ绰ҡҪ绰
һʾĺ룬ԼҲʶȷʵǾǴģ־ͻز˹ȥ
ιҶϲȥˡʲô飬ûʲôҪ飬ʮٴɡ绰ģǸҲǾζʮ㣬һֹټҵİ
õġ˵绰ȴĥҶԼ绰Ϊʲô飿
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֮ʱһ£ȻЩŵĸо
Ȼ˵Ҷ鲿Ĵ󲿳Ʒɴ绰̸ʡ飬ǾЩ׶
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ȻҪʡǶôѵ顣
͸ͬһ⼸λԱУʸͦϵģҴҸи·ܾҲܵͦڿģԼģǺ㡣
˾ʡӰҲô¶ʡ滹˵ǱȽҪȥ˾ǵĻǿɾ治˵ˡ
Ͼ鲿ɲֵһֳֳеȨҪǴöࡣ
Ҷ˵ʵ
ˣʡܹҵĸʡҶʹض˵ͦӵģո׼Ϣһʱˣ͸ˡ
ˣЩš
ʡ߶ûжԿ̸Ҳǽѡ˵ȥѣȴû뵽ôʱ䣬ҶͰѽŪˣȷʵЩˡ
ʡʲô޷Ǿ߹ѣּ飬̬ȲҪġҶڵ绰ж͵Ҫʡ̫Ļ˵ҲѾһЩζ㱣ֹͿˣҪֻԾȥʡǻ
⡭ʱеţڱѾҵԼͷˣԥʵҶǣǲǵϾһ˶һ棬Ȼ󿴿Ƿܹݼһʲôģ
Ҷ˵ĻʵôƷɲ鵱У϶ǳ˴ģŰлҲӦõ顣
ϾЩίԱǶԣһʡĸʡɲҲǱȽҪˣֵص㽻ġ
Ȼ˵һǾҶ˵ҶƽܸƷɵĸɲڵһʱ֮ھ͸ҪŰлŶԡ
лҲӦõģӾͲˣʽļͻȥ鲿߶Ҳȥֳ֮ģһ¡ҪģȹζҿǷʱ䣬ٰȥϸŶСҶ˵˵лˣʮֻзȥңͷͦϲġ
ˣʱ춼˵
ΪְλϴʡﾩͷܸͣҲ֪˶ٹϵ˶·ֵǷ꣬û˲֪ܹ٣ΪҶˣʲô¶û죬쵼˸鲿Դ绰Ҷ˵¶ˡ
¶Ȳ֪һЩĿ࣬ԭ˼Ұ¶ô򵥰
Ҷг˼䣬͹˵绰
˵绰ڵģȻȵ
æ͸Լ˾ʡ˸绰ȥ˵˴¡
ϲ¶֮ҲΪ˲ѡ
ʡҲǹҵʡܹҵĸʡλǺҪģʡҲ൱ǰͱȳʡһ߶ѣʵȨǴúܡ
ڻûȥʱҲܶˣǽһȥҪ˾ӶˣõĻû׼ȥЭ֮ĵطһʡְòõĻǾͳ׸˹ٳ
ǰͻȻʡ棬˳ʡ֮µҪĸʡ˵ҲǼġ
λֵĻʡҲҪͷʹѡ
Ȼ˵ȥݷǲ׵ģҶǱ߶һҪлûĻǳɲ˵ġǺܹƵģһӾ͸ָеĹؼ
Ҳͷǣ˵ûҶֻ֣Ǹ̫Ӷ³Ҷһ仰ͽƸŤתˣܹúõҶҵϵͳôҲھпĸʡԱˣ󼴱˾ȥҲ㹻Աθߵְλ
ʮ֮꣬Ҳʮһ꣬ҪʡҲʲôܵ顣
ȻˣҲһҪ⣬ǾҶ֮ԿΪڹܹõͿţԼܹҵĸʡ֮Ӧ쵼ʡҵĸչ
ϴθҶһ𣬾ͷҶھý跽ļʶܾˣһιȥǣҲ⣬ҪһЩ⣬ڻҶĸ֧֡
뵽Ҵҵ˵䣬͹˵绰Ȼߡ
гڻ𣿡ʵ
ˣȥһ»Ʊֱȥһ˶˵
Ӧһ˵Լ쵼Ҳ֣Ӧȥǻһˣ
ʵζʱ䣬Ҷʡ;ܣԼ쵼޶ԣҲ̫ˣûлҲͰˣҲûʲôϣᣬԼȴ֪ϧĻǾԹñˡ
ô˵ⶼǺ¶
ҴܳȥƱʡдߣԼȻȥ˯һȻϾǰݷҶȥ
ߵ˰·ϣͿ˰ˮеίǿ٧緢˹
ͬ٧һνʡҲʡίԪǷǳõҪˡ
ǺáòõһԣЦʺһ
š٧һ΢΢ףǴкˣ˹ȥ
ˣ治ɵЩģҲ˵̫˰ɣ⻹ûгΪʡء


762 Ͽ׳˰
ǺáòõһԣЦʺһ
š٧һ΢΢ףǴкˣ˹ȥ
ˣ治ɵЩģҲ˵̫˰ɣ⻹ûгΪʡء
٧ʡίԪǵ˲٣ʡίԪҪһʡɲҲô׵ģǣ̫ˣʡڸĿǣ뷨
Щϵ˳˵ĻԪҲҵ顣
ֻ˵ʡѡĻҲҪһǲһҪͬʡ뷨
٧ɣ϶ǿġ
ûôأԼˣĸɲ˸ʡȥҲĳɼ
ʵϣʡίԪܹȫƿصģҲʡί鳤ʡίίѣΪʡίĴܼңʡί鳤ʡίǵˣĻʡίǵĹ޷˳չҲĬϵǱ
ĳίǣǻ϶ǸΪսż˶ѡ
߿٧٧Ҳ
˴֮󣬿٧ͿʼߺߵǵӰӡһγǻʯԻ޸ףݣʮӶʮߺߣֳǵأ
Ա߶٧Цϰ壬ʲôȻҲʡеˣҲǲðǹ̶
⻰˵ġ٧һЦ뵱ʿǺʿ˼ˣ˼һ𣿡
ٺ١ʱЦ
٧УʡȵˣȻ̲סκŽŲҲеѹסƮƮص
ʱ򣬿٧ͽӵʡίԪǵĵ绰
٧أԪڵ绰ʵ
ãҾʡǡ٧̹ػش
٧һ£ܻһЩ仯ԪЩͳóǺܺá
٧ˣоһĿǰ飬ҲֻнʡǴ¶ˣͻȻȥ˵ܻһЩ仯⵱ȻʲôϢ
٧ڵһʱ͸ϵʡίԪǵİ칫ңͨڣͼԪǵɫܲÿ
ǡ٧Сĵʺһ䡣
٧˰°ɡԪŶ˵ոյϢ˱仯мίǱ߶˲㣬鲿߶Ŀֹͣˡ
ô٧ˣʱЩľսĸо
Ǳ˽غ˻⣬Ȼ˵мίʼˣȷʵѿ٧ŵòᡣ
ͷĸɲȻ˵һҪֺص̰ڣǳԳԺȺ϶Ǳⲻ˵ģҲһЩС¸ʲôģڵӴ֣ȻǶ鶼ԼĽԼ洧
Աί飬żʵģһܹ
˵һС⣬һ϶ѡӶţϾһӣ˭ܹ뵽Լһ᲻иɽˮ͵ʱ
ǸʱһΪƽʱ̫࣬ŭô϶Ǻҵġ
мίһҪһɲǻһ飿
٧ɲΪԼˮ羵İ٣Ȼе߶ģЩɫ˵ǣһݺңҵ֪ģеģǴǴһǷֵģڹ۶ϣͻȻʹӣҲ̫ȱˣ
ߣʲôǴǷֵҪǷֵĻ½ҽõô¶˸㵽ƬˣԪɫܲÿֱӾѵ
С٧˰Ԫ⻰ʱŵǶȫˡ
ڰˮаһԶûȴû뵽˸ˣԪǸ֪ˣ¶ŵᡣ
ʱû˻˵Ҳ֪¶ȥĻԾǹٳţϾûܹһı£ԪҲδؾͿ
ǣ֪ҵģ¶ҲԻġ٧ָ컭صķһģͲ˵Ǳðϴǿ˵ġ
٧һ֮󣬰Ԫǻ˻֣Щ˵ȻȥɣһεǲˣмίǱ߶Ҿѹ͵һȥɡ
٧ʧǵشӰԪǵİ칫߳ѹ
ܳĸ˰ҵˣ˳𲻱ĲΪˣ٧飬Ե޹ʾͱ˽ҴģȻǼˡ
˭˭ɵĽǶ⣬һνʡǸˣпܾǰ٧Сˡ
ɵΣʡίԪǶԿ٧̬ȱ䵭ˡ
Ȼ˵ⲻʲô¶ǿ٧֪Լֳܹ㹻ĳǾҪڰԪǵǰʧȥ˵ʸ
Ҫôźأ٧һ£̾⣬ǵŮ˻飬ڰˮпһҷز˾ԼǱ߶취ĻƻӮðǵĺøеġ
ϾŮɫ飬ڹٳ㲻ʲôë
٧ڰԪǰ칫ƵʱѾ˷ǵķɻ
һСʱ֮󣬷ɻء
ٺסִ֮Ҵҵشʡפ߶ŪһЩزʲôģ͸Ҷ˵绰
ҶǣѾ˾ǣǷʱһȥݷãȻ˵ǸʡѾˣ֪λôģԶҶ̬Ƿŵ൱̬ͣ൱
ˣҶˣȻǳһȻ˵Ҳãɳȥˡ
ϽһԼλã˰Сʱ֮ҶƳԽҰͿ˹
һû͹ȥ˾к
ǺǣһгˣҶҽȥ˾ذŵ˳ϣȻ飬һ˳п˹ȥ
ʡפ죬Ͻģ߶·϶ڿ㽨裬һ·Ϸ糾͵ģҺóӵܷãԴҲŲڻͷ
Сʱ֮󣬳ڵһŵıſڵľ鿴˾֤֮󣬰ǷС
ҶǼңͣһڸǵıǰ֮Щ˾ʵ
ǰʵҶƽǵļңֻǱ߶Ҷǹ߶ƽʱҲûʲôסˣֻҶǵʱżŻסһ¡˾ͻش
˵ͷ˵ԭҶƽǰסֲùôˡ
ƬʵֻԱıҶƽΪίԱ֮󣬼ȥˣʵѾʺס
¶ͿҶѾЦӭ˳


763 
ҶҲû뵽ô͸ϵ˾ǡ
ȻǺν飬Ȼܹһ㣬˵Ǹ֮ˣ֪ͼĵ
һε飬ȫǼһˣҶ֣ô˳õʡλá
ϾھǺܱģĸߵְλ
㵹漰ʱҼո˷һ԰ɡҶЦŶ˵Ȼָͷ˸кǽ
֮һҶҵĲõǺܼʹõģʰúܸɾ
Ȼ˵ƽʱû˾סר˶ɨʱסġ
֮󣬹Ա͸˲衣
һ·Ϸ糾͵ģȺȵˮɡҶ˵
Ҳûп豭ڣо㣬ڳ㡣
һε飬ҶǳְæˡҶ˵ԼûбϣʡҲûпʼ̸˭֪ҶǾ͸Ϣ˼ǰܾñһ˶Ҷлźá
Ҷ˵ͷһε飬ȻҰæİĻ쵼ǣҲǾҵĽܣгĹȷʵڣԲŻѡģԺ븱ʡȥ֮ܰʡĹҵץãǶԵ쵼ǵѡˡ֮ܶһ仰Ĺͺã飬ǲҪôࡣ
ͷӦȴ齫Щز˹
Ŷ⼸ǲ̲ģʺϲãպˡҶ˿Ҳûоܾͳͳ
ҶǼвЩʵ
֪ҶŲʮѣ⻹ûеأھ˸װɣ
Ҳչ˻Ŷֲͨͥ
ȻңҴӿˡҶЦűʾ
͹ĶУСףк棬ƷʱȽϸߵֹƷҶֲھסȻҪ͵ܰǱ߶ȥˡ
飬Ҫ²֮
Ȼ˾˵һε顣
Ҳã֪˭һεĴţˮίǿ٧飬ͱмίǱ߶Ҳڹעʡĸʡ֮ԾͰ¶˳Ҷ͵֪Ϣ֮󣬵һڽѡ˵鶼һ飬Ǽλв̶ͬȵ⣬Ծͷǳ˳ưǼ˵ֶˣֻʣһˡ
ԭˡ֮󣬵ǾЩҡ
Ҳе֣Ҳ֪˭ȥٱ٧۵Ǽ˶ǹˣƽ˸ˡ
Ҫʼٸߣ֪ɹϢ֮󣬻Ƶġ
û¶飬ǲģԼҲɾôҪΪ֮źãʡ͵ʴףǾͿˡ
ҲˣĻһٸģʮֻзǽȥġҶֺǺǵض˵һɷŹҲΪǼѡ˲ӣҴкģ˳ء
ˣΪȻ
Ͼÿ˵϶ë£ŷŴ⣬޷ŴĻϣҲë
֮ǵһҪάĻСëҲԱŵġ
ƢݳΪ¹ձɿԱ˳ᢣжԱ˼Уأ˵ûΨΨŵŵǵȻǶ쵼޷ˣŵеŵ㡣
ԣѡУҪĲô쵼ô
ʡ⣬ҵչѸٵģǻȾȷʵҲǳأغӶʡСҶھʡһЩ⡣
ΪƽԭʡݣʡչõƣҪȺӶʡǿһЩʡԴҪȺӶʡһЩ಻ԶԴʽӦǾϵȽǿʡݡ
ֻʡ뾩ǾͱȽϽˣܵ˾ǾȦӰ죬ס˲ţеµˣҪȥһԾö֮ھǵķ֮£ʡľ÷չһֱǱȽϿġ
ȻҪƹܹҵϸʡôҶȻϣܹŤתֲľ棬ʡƵؽ
ҵҪչģͬʱҪ˻Ⱦ⣬ȾⲻʡͲܵõķչҶ˵쵼Ҳʼ𻷾⣬ǵգǵˮԴǵĿЩǸȺڵϢϢصģաˮԴͿסˣôǷչҵʲôôأ
ҶĻͷΪ˵ĺе
ڵǣȻ˵ֵķչȷ˴˱ȽϺõǵĻȾۣȷʵǱñȽˡ
ǰ棬Բ׽߳ĴģС綼ˣ˵ǸǲҪᣬǵгЩҲ÷ǳ졣
ܵҶ㣬סλõ۽ƽҲʼȾ߶ӹһЩֽȾ豸׼ֵȾһЧĴЩѾͶʹõ豸ڷãЧġ
ҶǣҲǴֵתΪʡȫƹֵľ飬ȡڷչõͬʱʡĻ⣬Ҳ˺ѵʶһЩԼ뷨Ҷġ
ǰҶǾ̫ᣬȻǹҶҵĹ⻷ͷϣȴ޵ģǽ֮øһϯ̸֮;ǰλһʮˣһλ˼ĳˡ
ʡ쵼Ȧ棬ҲûжܹҶԶ׿ʶ
ֲ˼Ҷʮͳˣڸп֮࣬ȴҶھǰһʡ棬Ҳܹ
ҶΨһ㣬̫ˡ
ңҶǰͷҶүλ쵼游ڣһλѾֵĸ쵼Ҷƽڣעڶʱ֮ڣǲܻһεˡ
Ҫһζʱ䣬ҶְͣλϣΪԼǰȴʱһ졣
ȥݻǻȥأ֪ҶھҲǱȽæµģ˸л֮󣬵ҲûбҪˣھǿҶǷİš
ţǾھͣɡҶЦŶ˵ЩãȻӣֲһҸ׾Ҫؾμһ飬ҿ԰ܸ
ˣжʱЩҶƽλίԱ͸Լ࣬ȴǰ;ĴԼܹõӣҪȥݻƷǿˡ
Ҷĸмɵֶࡣ


764 Ҷϵ
УҶúܳʵ
ȥܰ￴ҶŮ˼ɢɢԳԷȻһھϵĿһڷ˰Ƹĸ֮󣬵طľ÷չ˼·͹ҵְţչʲôģֻǸмί绰˽һ¹̬ȡһǵĹ㱨
ʮգίԱίҶƽķɻ־
ǺܺãƲҲܺ񣬿ʪȺֻܴûꡣ
Ҷƽķɻȫ֮Ҷŷ
븱ʡһߣǹȥɡҶ˵
ڽ磬ʡǱ߶ѾϢ˵ʤߣԽܹҵĸʡΪʡ̳һƥ
ȻˣʽϢȷϣȴ鲿ʽҪȵ֮󣬾߶Ļ鿪Ż
ҶƺΪ븱ʡҲǺܲ׵
飬ʲô仯ˡ
ǰȥһӣͼҶƽί鳤һ˳
Ҷƽϲϲ񺽿ͻ͵УֻǼҶƽ⣬еıʩҪеģ˻߶ľǺܵλģһ˷ɻȻ˿ͲſʼС
Ҷƽ߳Ҷʹӭȥ
Ҷƽߵľܽ̾ͽǸסˡ
ϰ֣߶ҶҲýʲôˣֱӾͶҶƽ
ҶƽҶ̾Ц˻֣Ȼ˵һʲô˾˴ӵ֮£˹
ôͻȻˣҶƽҶļ򣬺ܹĵʵ
£иҪ飬ʲô˰ƸĸʲôģҪҹμһ¡Ҷش
ҲãܹڼһסˡҶƽͷ˵
ôûһҶʵ
ѻǱ߶ȻйѲԱĹϾǴ͵ģû𲻴һ㶼Ҷƽֹ
ҶûпӰȻҪһġ
Ǳ߶е飬ͲҶƽش
ҶƽҶ˵仰Ϳ˹վһԵӿ϶ҶΪҶһ㶼ᣬֻǶԷҲеǾʵλǣ
Ҷãʡھǰ¶Ծ͸СҶһҽܵ
ŶԭгҶ顣ҶƽʱЦ֣Ȼ˵ԣӦý븱ʡˡ
ʡɲȻС¶ίԱİͷҪһݶ򱨵ģȻûʽǾ˹ˣҶƽ֪飬ҲΪ档
ǺǣļûءҶƽôһ˵ʱҲ̤ʵ˲٣Цǫ
ӵġҶƽͿ˿ӣ˵ϴҸкʱ򣬻ŰزˬأҪҼǵøú˵˵¶С
Ǳ¶ˣʮֻзǰ¶ĨƽˣҪһأָָôҪءҶ̱ʾ
һ˵˵ЦЦ߳ͨҶƽھеר͸˻
ҶƽûлؼңҪΪ߶͸ǰźסҲͲúˣаԼӪعƵ棬ʲô鶼ȽϷ㡣
ʵҶƽͶСǵλͲıȽ϶ˣϵ˸ʡ֮ҪǰһǼΪѡ
˵ûĻԵǰͷҪʡڵġ
Ҷƽڳ̸һӣҲλɲȷʵЩ⣬ַȽϳ죬ͨƣʺϸ㾭ý蹤ռģֵصһ¡
Ҷ۹⣬ҶƽΪĸףǱȽ͵ġ
ҲΪһ㣬ҶƼĸɲҶƽп֮󣬶òҲһЩǷ
һΪЩǨ֮ȷʵܹϰմܶʵݣʵ£һҶҲҪһȽӴΰףҲΪ춨Ⱥڻ
ûȺڻĹԱܹȥӰҲ޵úܣͺҶƽҲϵͳȽӰطϿ˵һŰֽҺҶΪݺأ˾档
ҶֵµЩɲǣ϶ΪҶƽˣշί鳤ءֽ͡гľݣҶϵ֮еʡҵ׳Щ˵ĵλͣһռ䣬ǵļˣҶƽһϵбǰҶϵܹʹָõģҲԳ֮ΪҶϵ
Ȼ˵ͬΪҶϵҶϵҶϵ϶ͬġ
ںܶҶϵ˵ҶүһִĶ飬кܶ˶ҶƽĳǱһЩͬλϼǱҶƽҪһЩȴҲô׺ȥģϾҵͬ
˵һ䲻ĻҶƽûгɹֵĻȵҶүԺЩҶϵ֮Уֻ϶ҲȽصģеĿһˣеĿҲҶϵ£ˣټҶϵͻֱ
Ҷƽɹ֣ҳίôҪְȻĽҪ˵еҶϵܹհǲʵ뷨
ҶϵͲͬˣЩҶƽҶһִĶ飬ҳ϶ȸߣĿҲȽһ£ԸŽҲһЩ顣
Щ飬ҶģҶƽȻҲף̬Ҳ飬ѯʡĺܶ飬ͬʱҲ˵һЩӹʡúõؿسһƬ
˵Ҳͦ˼ģҶĳˣûҶϵĵ̶Ϊ٣ӽʡʼٵӶʡЩҶҵĴͳΧҶڽʡӲطֳһʥںӶʡվ˽Ÿһǰ;гͬʱӰ䵽ʡΪҶϵôһλ½Ĺҵʡ
ݹȷʵΪ֮Ŀġ
ҪǣҶүҲãҶƽҲãǵݵλǲȥ˵ĵ̶Ȩϵ֮ȫ濪սǶԴֲģ˭Ҳе
ҶȥЩطûбԷɱһܹһ·ΪԼãҶϵĶ飬ȴø֮У޻˵
ôʸҶôСǰ˸Ҳֻ˵ˡ
Ӹոյ˾Ƶ꣬Ҷֻ
ɽǣãҶҶ˵绰ʱͱ÷ǳƬ֮˵ãˣǷģ̾ͷغӶ


765 ɽ˴
Ӹոյ˾Ƶ꣬Ҷֻ
ɽǣãҶҶ˵绰ʱͱ÷ǳƬ֮˵ãˣǷģ̾ͷغӶ
ʲôˣҶƽҶıһأ֪С¶Ǿ͹еѯʵ
ӶʡɽǱ߶飬ʡίطѾϹȥˣɽԵҵĽҸϹȥطǣõͰǴסˣ̾ҪϻȥҶǣЩƵضҶƽ˵
û˯ãԭ㽫ܸҶƽ֮ٽľҲһģû뵽ɽоȻ˴飬òıг̸̣ϻغӶʡȥ
ôһҶԭƻõĺܶ飬ɾͶˡ
ȻǱ߶飬㻹ȸϹȥɣʲô⣬ʱ绰ҡҶƽˣҲû˵ʲôֻǵͷҶȥǡ
ӾɽУ˳ĻҲҪʮСʱɣǱ߶·ǺܺߡǱߵǺϤھ˵һ䡣
ҶƽˣּҶһû˯õӣ̾˾˵һžֱȥˡ
Ҷ⻰ûзԡ
ֱò˸Сʱ͵˶ɽˣ϶Ҫγ;ˡ
Ҷƽ̾͸Ҷӽ˸绰˵顣
һСûģҰһ¡ҶƽǲıܳʱھеȨҲǼģ̾͵֣õֱԱҶֵһװֱǰӶʡɣ˳Ҷ
ҶӽıܳԣһЩʱԵѵĿ񣬶ǺȻ飬¶ûκεѶȡ
һСʱ֮ҶֱϣӶʡɽз˹ȥ
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٣ɽǱ߶ʲô飿Ҷʵ
ΪҶľͷӣбҪ״ģϾֻ˽ľźʵźҶľʡóʲô⡣
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ĻҶû˵ʲôˡ
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ֻǵ˶ɽ֮Ҳûô׾Ϳ¹ֳġ
ҶǵĸԣҲɵüͷ뵽һ⣬ǾֱϸӵһλУıֱڶɽϿնȦӣǷԣ
ԭҪʾ׳ġУıЩرʾ
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ţƵϺˣ˵ΪɽϿյӰ죬Ϊ˱֤Աȫɻòʱı״̬ܿĳţжоٽֳҶ׼Ҷ̾Ϳһζ
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ֱܿ͸ı˷·ߣɵ˿Ͽա
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Ҷһεûзʲô飬ͷ˳µĵص㡣
˵ϵ֮˵ɫǺܺÿ
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ٺ̷ڿϣ뼯óгԼġʮ׵ʮ·ڣһСٻ꣬·ʱǸո۾
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ʵǱȽϲпģǰûκεİ취
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˵ʲôˣΪѾûʲôԲȵĴʩҲûпԲȵĻˡ
㱨ɣ飬סġʦĸеᣬ˵һ仰
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·֮СʱõϢʡίɽǣίʡίطǣɽУ¼࣬ƺˡ
·֮ʮСʱطͻ谭վ˿ĸߵϡ
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ȻǰҲʶ֮ܶ飬ǱϾСΧڵ¹ʣˣʮˣѾ൱˵ش¹ˡ
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˵쵼ֹ֮飬ʡҲã߸ǡʡҲãǱȽϺʵġ
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Ľڼͼս߹˶طǶԣȻ޷ܵģҶĽ飬̶֣ȥ顣
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ġ·ݵˮҲС˶
ֻسǶǽڷ˵ĺӲ֮ϵģԴʱɽϵˮһ𣬳嵽ϵʱ򣬾ܹûˡ
ҲҺ߶ĵƣߵͷܿЩˮ˳ȥɽ¸һЩĺȥһϣˮģסд涼÷
ֱҹʱˮͣ
ڶһ磬ҶЩͣɫͲ軹ӱȻʹǱطǣϳɽ˹ȥ
һ·ϣ·ˮϴĸɸɾûʲô糾֮ɫˣҲɾࡣ
ǻСʱ󣬾͸ϵ˶ɽ
ҶȾȥ˹˾ڶɽеܲѾϵľǻϡ
ؿ¹ʣʱɽеĴ󲿷˶֪
·֮طͶϢ˷ɽзҲʶطͨطҪ·Ϣ޶һķΧ֮ڡ
ȻˣֽǰסģϢҪ
طҲãɽеҲãڵ뷨ҲϣϢܹһֱȥֻϣϢй¶ȥ֮ǰ㹻ʱ飬ӰСԳܵĳ̶ȡ
Ҫһ㣬£Ͼһεβӱ¼У̫סġ
٣㲻һʾľҶ㱨ϰȻˣ˲ᶼڣҲڡ
ҶˣʱĲ١
úܺãһ·ˣҶ˸ʾǵĹȻʹ˽ȥȥЩϵ
ɽо߶ʾоֵݣ˶ʮ˹˾Χ˸ˮйͨſҲ˳ľߣ˽ֹڵıʾơ
Ҷ֮󣬿˿߶;ñȽ⡣
٣ô죿ȥɽ𣿡ѯʵ
ɽίǳĬȻڶɽгȻڶɽȴٳûг֣˵ǺͷҶҪվ棬϶Ҫ¶ɽ߶еģôһʡ
Ҷ˰ֵǵ㣬һ߶ţʲô˹ƺһ߶мίĹԱǸϹǸֻǾḻȻ̵ʱҵ
ʵҶúֻǲ鴦һ˹˾ȻҪ˴£Ȼѹ˾һͿˡ
طԼִֵ˼ȻΪô򵥵һ飬ϣɽܹ֮˹˾ϵ׶
˹˾ûкֵ̨֧ĻôصĶζ٣ôţ
ңһϵʵܻһЩ˭֪ĺ̨˭أ
ֻڱϵƶϣԼ˹˾ܲڶɽܹµóһЩְ̨λͣڶɽְġ
ϵЩ뷨ҶȻףԼ˹˾þ
˭Ϊ˹˾ƺ󣬶ⲻҪǹ˾ܲЩϸתƻ٣ĻֻǴЩĿϸһܹܹҳ֮Ĺϵ
Ҷˣȸ԰ɡҶ˻ֵ
ʾˣֺ죬һȥԵģʮӣʹ˼װõĻװõľ̿ʲôģ˶ʱͰѻ
ʮ֮˾ͿʼΧһ𣬳ԿڵĻ
оֵľȻһͱ¶п϶ЩԹԵģ¹꣬϶еʪģʱͻȻΧһԻʱͺ
عę́ɣһˣͬ־ůůӡҶȻ뵽¶ͷԸ
참ʱ䣬ȾƲðɣһ
Ҫûʲô¶Ҷ˰ֵ
Լץͼ칤ĸɲʲôģ
Ȼعę́һǵľеˣȻûкȹֶ˵ģлڣҲĻԵˡ
ԭǶҶЩ˻ЩʶģʱҲ˺ܶ࣬ÿ˵һ󱭣Żعę́ƣֵĺǸˡ
ˣ˵ٹȻ¶ЩǶŪˣǲǰ¶ʱĵġ
Ȼ˵ʹõоֵ壬ǵطϵľǣҪʲôģҲûʲô취ϾЩԣֻǽһ¶ѣҪһΪоֵġ
ɽгѣʱڻصİ칫ҡ
ֻλгϣƣɫҲЩ԰ףƽʱĺʧӰ٣ȻϲûϢã˵ûʱȥϢ
β¼ȷʵشĴ
Ϊ飬ǿ־Сӣ˹˾ܹ֮¿ǸΪѵĹϵ
ɽеúܶ࣬ȴǺܶ࣬ϵǸƷɳɱֱȽϵͣľüֵ൱ߣعƵĻ˽˴ڵ룬ⲻǺܴġ
ȻˣҪʮʱ䣬ܹ׿ɳ
ô˵ϼôһ󣬽ǲ÷ˣҲΪһ㣬ڶɽ߶ʹĺ߳ɽеĻᣬҲ
ԼԼҲȽޣܹŶɽʵۣ˳׬Ǯͺ֪ˣҪǰŪȥôۺĲҵδܹס
¶֮ڵһʱ͵õϢ
СӶŵùǺܵ˵¶
ҲˣӶˣǵ˰
ڶɽһ죬Ҳڸǵס飬ϣ̾ͰŶֳȥܷͷ
ȵָ͵ʡǣ˷ɻ֮Ѿʱ֣һ·ٴʡǸϻضɽ·ֿʼ꣬϶ͣͣģɽ͵ʱ
˭֪Ѹոջͽӵ˵ı棬˵һʱ˹˾ͱԳоֵˣ˶ʮˡ
ˣˣʱһĴȵ
Ͷȥʡǣߵôæʲôûüߣǹ˾ܲЩϣڹأ˵ı˸סˣôǶֵĺܶ鶼Ҫع⣬еһЩɣҲᱩ¶ţ˵֮ĹϵǾ͸ڲסˡ
뵽Щ飬ɵΪûڣһöԷ˸ˡ
ѲûоԴУ̾͸ֳ½ΰ˵绰ȥ£Ҫ˹˾ԼС
½ΰһˣȻѵĻκεǣǾ˼ʮ죬ʮ̨ƺƵɱ˹˾ܲ
ֻ½ΰԼҲû뵽յ˹˾ܲ߶Ҷ˵ǿҵֿһ籩ڶɽĻ


770 ԩ·խ
½֣Էڸסˡӵľ쿴һͶ½ΰ˵
оֵ˽辯죬½ΰ֪ģֻǵʱԷ;Ͼ˼ҵȨ޺ܸߣǸǽü죬Ҳûǽԭ
½ΰԥһ£ܿ¶˾ģǵ˵һ£֪Ӧôѡ񡣡
ȥæĶʮ췴ˮôоֵȻǳɲģʱȿҲ׵Ķˡ
ֻҪǽ˹˾߶㶨ˣо־͵ˣǲֵطҲôʵģû֤ݣҲֻš
о־طϱϾ̫ԶˣҲûпΪôһ飬͸½ΰǲ֮
飬½ΰҲ̫ˣ˶Ըķӡ
ƺЩˣΪȥ˺ܿͻˣ½֣е鷳ˣڲоֵ
ѵˣ½ΰЩʵ
һεе֣Ȼ˹˾ô¶Ҳ˹˾ܶһȹƣǿ飬½ΰֻ˵һЩϸûü˽⣬ʱ˹˾߶һεֵеˡ
˶оֵģһģǽҶǵģ˵ʡίίǰ鴦˹˾ģ˵ʡίĴ󲿶Ҫȥ˶½ΰ˵
С½ΰˣʱһ
¶еѰˣʡίע飬ѾǵطܹסȻѵģҲԲҸʡίŸɣؼʱվˣǿǻһͿصġ
˵ʡίίʲôģҲǸϵĸɲܹεģӼͣӶԷĹȴܹѹģϾԷǴʡģ岻ͬ
½֣ô죿¼˶Ŀ⿴½ΰ硣
½ǸгģһҶʱ˿̣ȥδӣǵ½ΰģҾͽǶֵ˶ѡ
˰ɣ¶ܹģҸг㱨һ¡½ΰȻеΪ⣬ѾЩסˣгĵλȣ½ΰҪΪĻ³ˣȻǴһ°ˣԼҪѵùġ
ܹ˸о־ֳ½ΰȻ֪ӦôŶԼԭƻõıͻʽöԻ⣬ԷӵĻ¶ˡ
½ΰҲ˵ǣϾܹʡίŸɰ
½ΰûоŸԴʱȥһòʹ
ǾǺܿͳˣ½ΰԼ˽ȥ
أǵûҶ߶
ʡίҶǣ½ΰҶλҶҲ̫ˣ˹ҽܵǶɽоֳ½ΰ硣
½ֳáҶ˵ͷҵ˽ľ¶ڴ˱ʾлˡ
˵оֵ˰¶ôֳʡί참½ΰץסҶ©̷ʵ
һӣоֺʡίͬʱڹעߺ죬ʡίطҲϹִ֡Ҷش
Ȼ½ΰˣ;Լȷʵʺϲ͵鵱ǲΪľֳԻǺǿģûбҪ֮ĹϵҲûкõ̶ֳȡ
ʱ˶ҶĻ½ΰ;ðشԼѡ˲ȷġ
г˹˾Ҳܹעǹ֣ڣȻʡίڰ참ôҲͲˡ½ΰ罫Լ˵һȻʵǷг㱨һ£
Ҷ˿½ΰ磬˵˵ǲɵ֪ʲôǲģλ½ֳ֮ĹϵҲһѡ
ԡҶ½ΰ˵Ҳһ䣬طǾָӾˣΪʲôٳٲҪ永˹˾ôȤ⣬Ӧôϼ쵼
½ΰˣ˵Ȼ˵гһ׵ˡ
˳һʡίɽǶѾܲˡҶ˵һû׼ɽҲ·ˣʱɽС
ҶǣͰг㱨һ¡½ΰ̱ʾ֪ҶǵʲôҶʡί飬治̫Ϥ
ôʡίίмίҶô˵Ȼ֪ġҶһ
ȵҶ˵ֺ½ΰʱҲ֪˭ˡ
Ϊ˻ƶȵ飬ҶǺܴģֻܶˣԲŻ㲻ʲôӡ
ʱ½ΰҶֺ󣬾ͽϺŶˡ
ԭҶǣǾˡ½ΰ̱ʾԼľ⣬ȻͿʼѴ绰㱨߶顣
ѷ˵绰֮󣬾;Щʧǡ
ԩ·խ֮Ѳ
£ѾԼԶڶɽоӪĹϵ磬ںӶʡӰܹӦģҲöԷͶһߡ
Ҷͬ᲻˵ںӶʡҲûʲôǣǣģԼҪôװ쵽飬ڵʱַǳȣ֤Ҳ˼ҸˣֻҪǽĹϵ˳ˣôѾûܡ
ȫ󵽣ҶҲܷһġ
ϴҪûھֶͺˣٻһݶ֣֮ͬڿɺãû·ˡа̾һͿʼ˼ԼҪôܹ顣
Ŀǰоֵľֳ½ΰѾˣʡίίίҶ½ΰ粻ΣҪñӡ
οҶ˵طҪɽ򣬶ʡίɽǿҲٶɽˣôѹ£½ΰûа˳ָˣ൱ôܳ嵽ǰͷΪף
Ѷʱѹܴһʱ֮侹Ȼʮһ
ǰǾԼڶɽдžͦõģڿþһΪ٣ҲǺ¶Ȼ˵ԼĹϵȽϹ㷺֮鷳ҲǱȽͷ۵ġ
һγ飬ĴЩ˵ͬʱҶԩҶͷȫûкͽĿԣҪˡ
ĴΣгλӣǱסˡ
ѻûãҪδҶ飬ͽӵһϢʡίɽǳֱء
ԭǾãɽǳٳٲֵĻԼ߶һЩռģܹһЩֲû뵽ɽǾȻôأ˸еЩ⧲
Ϣ֮Ѷʱɫһʱ֮绰䵽ϣҲûв
û뵽֮졣


771 Ҷг
ɽÿ죬ߵҲ졣
ҶûлɽǼһ棬뿪ˡ
ǵ˰Ƹĸ飬ѾǰƱǲ߶̫ͣãԴ󲿷ֵ飬ǽطǵ
ɽɽֻ飬һȻȥӲ˾ֹȺڣڶȥѶɽгľҶΪɽίǣҶζɽдгְ
ͳгˣϢ֮ҲЩŵĸо
Ȼ˵֮ǰҶѾĸɲǴȨյ֣Ҫ˵ͻȻͳ˹һؼмϰյĸĸ٣˸е̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ɽǾǳʲôǣҶְģ
飬ȷʵ˸еЩ⣬ǶɽеĸɲеЩ⣬ҶԼҲЩ˼顣
ɽǲЩǷˣôᣬȷʵʵôҪְ񡭡Ҷڽӵͬʱطֽһ¡
طȻɽǵľͬЩȣȻҪҶǿһЩģҶĻ󣬾Ͷ˵ɽǵľʡίʡ棬ȻôˣҪѶɽеĵӸ߶Ҳˣһɽеĸɲ涼ЩɢҪ̵ʱѹץڣǶ쵼ʱ֯ΣҲǶ㹤Ŀ飡
ҶָҶүӴ˸绰ȥʾ¶Ƚ
ΪԱɲ֯Ҫʱ򣬾ҪӭѶϡҶүǽҶѵһȻ˼䣬ɽȽϸӣ࣬Σһεȥɽͬ־Ҳ˾ĵģҪɽ鳹׽ҪúϣС
Ҷү˵ĺܼ򵥣Ҷ˾ˡ
Ȼ˵ԼΪɽдгľɽͬ־ģ϶Ѿɸ߲׿ϹˣĻɽҲҰôһչ˶ʮɲŵôҪĸλ
Ͼһؼеίǻгǿ˵Ƿ⽮СˣԼĵ̶ϣӵкܴȨģҪίǻس׳еġӵеȨޣ˺ܶ౶
ȻˣȨǲģҶʱ;Լļͷӣ˲ֹʮ
ǷᱻӸѹ壬ҶԼҲûʲôֻӲͷƤಲˣɽҲʲô̶ѨԼȻжܸöôⶫɽУҲᱻѹ
ھҹľԮ֮󣬿Ǳ߶ܹҵҴߵĿԣҲ͵㣬ڿǵ⣬޷Ǿ⳥⣬Լֺؽ
˹˾ϰߵúܴæټҶֹ칻ʱз˽˻Ҳ㣬ܹ˹˾뵽ʽ𣬼϶˽˻еʽ𣬴ǧ߼ͥǿˡ
ֻҲһЩ⣬˵ǵ䣬¶ǵİãдǵǲɢѵȵȣЩҪﻮ
ЩòƵĽôҶ߶Ҳ˵˳ɡ
ֺƺ⣬Ȼطڸ򣬿ҶΪط٣ҲеԼϾɽеĲѳˡ
һ죬Ҷһ߶ɹģȵˮ˾ͳԸӼݲʲôġ
ɽ߶һϣǱȽģҶɴҲѧ쵼ǣһɫ޾£һ࣬ȷʵůͣȽȺڣǹɲһߵıر֮
񾭹Ⱥں;ֶķ֮һЩķᣬѾˡ
ȻĺܶණѾʹãǱϾһЩõҵҴǣһЩҲи
һЩʣЩȽοǲᱻʯ١
Ŀǰܶ˾ڴⷽĹǴмһЩõĶ
Ҷ˿ֹĽչ߶ҪǲɵĿǰֻǾ¶ѡ
Ҷгǻȥɣ߶Ѿûʲôͷˡо־ֳ½ΰ磬ֵ÷ǳǷ˴󲿷ֵĹһֱΧҶתơ
ʱ½ΰУʵһѺϴѵķԸҶĶŸɣôֳλӣҲҪסˡ
˵ˣδ֮ǰĹҪġҶ˿صཬҲһЩƵ˵
ת뿪ֳһȥдϢ
Թ֮صسʦľ˹ݻҶ
˵ҲЩ֣ô飬سʦķûʲô飬Ҳû⣬˴ڸɲԣǷǳصĴˡ
ºҶҲ˽ŸԭʦȺ壬ԳֵҲ࣬û̫ܵصǣ
ҶгóĿֺؽǷ׵ʦĽԼı棬͸Ҷ
ֺؽ˵ףͱȽˡ
ǴѡַǵͶ룬̶ѡȡٵİȸ棬ЩҪȫġ
Ҷ˿ʦĴؽмʮҳ֮࣬涼пǵ
һ飬ǸܶҲˡʦĶҶ˵رʯ٣ɲһһϦõģʵϣʯ˴ʯ飬ҪָĻûмĹ򣬸ġ
Ҳûа취顣ҶҲͷɽͺȱأеһضֿģɽȻܹһЩȴ˶á
Ҫָؽָ֮ȷʵô׵顣
ҪģûпԴûоͺܳ⡣Ҷüͷʦ˵ҿ߶ɽϲǺܻģֲҲܶ࣬Ӧòɣ
ǿԵģҳòʦĵͷشֻȻȴȲ˼ұ𴦵ĿڸУϼǮȥ
Ǿɣⶫչ֤Ͼ⡣Ҷһ¾;
ǣô棬ʲôôʦĶԴЩ⡣
ⶫôܴģһǺûһûϵһǿҩ棬оǼӹ֭ƷĻкܺõ·ؼһȻ㡣Ҷʦ˵濼ͶһʹļӹأóƷһǿ룬Ҳǽ˿ǵ⡣
ؼҪ·ʦĶ飬Ǻġ
ֻҪƷܹó·⡣Ҷڴ£Ǻĵģ˺ƺиӹƬҵˡ
˵˼·϶ûģܲܳɹҪƹƷˡ
ҶǱȽĵġ


772 תͷչ
Ҷһסд£߶ͣˡ
ֱҶ绰Թûмֶ֤ӵĳҶʶⶼһˡ
ҶѩĶӣһģһ¡
Ҷӳûи˶µʱܵùһ۰ɣҶгҶҶ˵
ҶгҶûػһ䣬ҵؾһ˶أ²ûôˡ
Ĳ˵Ƕɽеճ񣬻п߶ֺؽҶæͷö
طǴʱѾʡˣϾʡίĹҲǷǳæµģʱʱڿ߶ҶϵĵӣּһЩ
һһҲҪһ̵ֹУϵѧУãǺܶѧ˹¶Ҳһ൱ĴҪȷʵԽȻ˵ɽҲӦİţΪ⼸ʮѧһᣬɶɽеҵǾһǮΪѧԴܵĴˣȴô׻ָġ
ҶҲ׼һڵʱר֯һЩ¶ѧǸܵůġ
ֳϣֵĻЧǻһܴۿ۵ġ
ٶǲɰЩһĹԱҶ֮Ҳеε˵
Ҷؾμӵģڿˡ
ҶǴԭмίǵϣôؾһ˶Ǻܼ򵥵飬Ϊɽеĸĸ٣Ͳôˣ¶ÿһǰѷ涼źòС
ڸոɽУͷֻûȥɲϣΪһʱͱ˸ϻϼȥ
ΪĵؼгҶѾĿĶԶǵмίǵʱ򣬻Ե͵һͬʱҲʸ֮ģһʲôʵľٶ֣̾ͻֺܶҶë
ܴСֶһˡҶҶ˵
ҶҵҲ֪極ҶڣϯĻǱȽϺʵģ֣ܳܲҶе̫ˡ
ʵϣҶ绰ҪΪʱûϵܣеѣʲôģŲҶٵС
һͷ󡣡ҶҶ߿ǰŮ˶ͦ˼ģͻȻŮͬʱ˺ӣҾеҪĸоˣ㲻֪һӶڸĸ˵Ƕôµ
ҶҶ߿࣬ɵЦ
˵СǵµкġжƻԼδ˱óȻСӳκεĹϵǼǵ
ʵϣ˵Ҳеģ֮еӤҶٸеôɳĶŮ᲻ҶҪǣǾĺ˵ˡ
ȻҶԼƺûлμСֶӵˣµ飬ƫƫкܶ඼޷յģµ׵ʱӵһ鲿֪ͨ˵Ҫμھег̳ǿҪ쵼ᵽûԭĻ޹ȱϯ
һҶĵûؾһ˶˲μг̳֮⣬˳μСֶӵ磬Ҳǹ˽ˡ
ҶҶʱҶڵ绰дЦԿӵ죬ȻܰѶٻؾǣȷʵһð
һλؾμг̳飬ҶҲӲһ£˵пܻмʵĻڣӦǴӳзչоý裬ȷгǵһУ൱ǴһȺѡص
ⷽԭԴҿܶȽϳֵ׼һǾܵıԼһҲпܾܵͬһЩûش
Ҷûʲôĵġ
ڶɽеķչ⣬ҲиһЩ̵ͨĿǣȻÿԴͬʱڵؽһЩĿӹĳӣȡöɽӴԴأɾһ̶ȼӹĹҵԴء
ȻˣҪһ㣬Ҳ˵˵еģܸӡ
ú̿ӹ˵ʹڼأԼͶ뷽ԼҲʽò¼ҶȻ޷ʵ֡
ʵϣ¼һЩģŷǱ߶߶˹Ǳ߶ǹڵһЩú̿о棬ܹõܶʵüֻںܶط쵼ú̿ӹӡ
ҲǺģⶫֱڳֺαطôĹԼԼұŤأ
öɽ߶˵ȫеڽú̿ĿɣǸú̿ƷӹģȴֻжɽͳһңһĿ꣬ڻɵȾҲȽϴ
Ƕɽͳ󲻴˺üǧ˵Ļͣǵ뷨еģڣɽнͳҲǺӡ
Ҷĵ鷢֣ɽеú̿ԴΪḻһصú̿ͳ˰ڶ֮࣬ڴССúһٶǧҡ
Դһɽú̿ɾ棬ѾñȽϳˣӹ滹дδ
ú̿ڿյһģҶú̿ɾҵڸ߷ʱ򣬾ͱתͷչΪʵתͿԽ̼ܣͱú̿ӹ漰زĿ
Ҫ֪ú̿ȼϣһֱĻԭϣɽеú̿ҪúճԲΪϸߣƱǿԿǵġ
ⷽҪúƼ״úƶѡúϩú͡úȻȵȣ˵չǰǷǳõġ
Ȼ˵ڻʯ͵ĶȱжôأҶԼǺģ¾ʮ󣬹ıҲһǳ٣Ҫᵽ˶ʮ󣬺ֻܶͥһˡ
ʯͷѹôúƼ״úȻȻзǳúƼ״ͻнڶֵռ䣬˵úȻǽȻȱƿҪ·
ɽܹץⷽĿȷչĻ֮һǳƵú̿Դӹأͻεض𣬶ɽеú̿ӹƷҲȫأʮܹ֮ȫгռһܴı
Ҷ뵽Щ飬ʱͱñȽ
ǰʱֻǹܼίģ÷Ȼкܶ뷨ȴ޷ʵʩֻͨԼҵУڲͬˣΪɽеĴгҺпڲ֮ͻᱻΪɽгȫҲлⷽˡ
ҶԼҲڴҶú̿ӹҵǺӵĳ̶˵Щ뷨ƶᱻ֮ܶԱǣǵץס˻ᣬȽú̿ӹأһ˷֮󣬺ܶ˾Ҫһص۾ˡ
ܹ飬ڶɽǺкôģӶʡķãҲǳԡ
ֻǣҪ飬ҪԵģǶɽķԡ


773 һ
˵Ҳе˼ڶɽԣһú̿ӹأǶڶɽԷǳ飬һԵģǡǡǶɽ
ԭ˵Ҳ򵥣Ϊù⡣
ú̿ȴ˹Ƕɽ˵Уũҵ˿֮⣬󲿷ֶˣʣµһ˿ڣάеתڸиҵҲǺٵġ
ˣϵĹҲǶȱģԴϷһЩʡԶĴߣҲܶ࣬ҲΪϲɾú̿Դ֮һ˵ˣǴµ湤
ϾΪˣǻһЩƵģҲ֪¾ΣԺܴ
Ȼ˵ϵĹõĹҪһЩۺϿɣΣСҲܹˡ
ҶҪڶɽһú̿ӹصĻռ֮⣬ҪùôƱؾͻԱͺܽŵĶɽùгɱȽϴӰ죬ϵĹˣֱӰ쵽ľǿǵ룬Ƕ飬϶ҪҷԵġ
Ŷڶɽоת͵ĳ뷨Ҷ̤˻ؾ֮·
μһг̳гǺܶ࣬ǵؼегҲиʡегǣ˵ֱϽегǺǣ˼ҶίݣʡԱȻֵܵطͷ¶ˣǲһȥģϯ̨һȡһǵķʲôġ
һε̳ңһ˳ˡ
Ҫ۵㣬ĿǰĶĹĸг档
ڹĸ﷽棬кܶ˶ΪҵĸĸҪҵĸĸҵĸĸҪǶԴͳ󲻷ֵĸĸҲǸݽгƵĸҪ󣬶ԹҵĹϵʵԵشĸ
гõ⣬ҵĿͱȽˡ
ЩΪгͼƻģҪгû취ƻˣ֮Ҳһ
ȡõгɾͣڹȥʮУʵмƻȡõĳɹһ˵ҪתˣгˣȷʵýܡһλгͱʾҺܶͬ־ǶⷽĵģȻгˣôӦЩʲô飿ѵ˵ǾûʲôôôĻӰƿأָͨʲôʽ֣
ȻڷȨ飬ڴҵĿõһ˭涼úģ˹ģֻһ˰ոܸˣǰͳһʱҪԶ˰
ҶһȺ˵УҲǺעĿġ
տʼܶ˶Ϊǻ쵼Ա֮ģ߶ôϸ񣬻ûʲôܹĽ
췽ڽܵʱᵽλλԱɲӶʡɽеĴгҶͬ־ʱû᳡ɧһӡ
ܶġʮгǣҶֻأȻѾԼƽƽʲôζȷʵ
˼ҶҶĹ֮˲ŷ֣ܹĸɲ治µµΪֻֿ֮ȭشһʥͲһܹõġ
˵ȥ֮˻ƶȣʱѾмίʼƹˣȻ֪ģֻʼٸ߾ȻСӡ
ֵֺӣҲһܹ˵顣
ζɽгڣڶɽط˿¹֮ԾƶϣλҶҶгǱӶɹȥ䵱ȻԱġ
˵ҶǷܹгǰǸָȥͷҪڶɽеһΪˡ
Ҷ˳ͨͷĿ죬ôΪһλؼег
Ȼ˶ҶһͬǶмҲǴڵġ
翪ʱ򣬾ҵгĹϵ֪ôžͰìͷָҶ߶Ҷҽһ⡣
ǾҶ˵⡣
ҶȻǴҿԼ˳ۣҪء
ҶҲǺ۸ˣ˵ҵг֮ϵ⣬ʲѷκһλ
һȺӼƻ߹岮үǣҶſԸǺúõһΡ
ʲôггǺûɱ˵㡢Լ˵ƶȡгϣκ˲Ϊ˴ֵͲܻ롣ŬΪ˴ֵҶվڷϯǰ˵۸ṩһźţʲôмֵʲôûмֵҪгϿ飬Ҫ˵㡣ûԸⳬΪļֵ۸񡣵ҵ˵ĳһҵƵʱζҵΪߴʣֵʣࡣҵ֮ľΪߴʣֵľ
˵˵δŵģ֮󣬶Щ㶡
ԭΪҶӦܹøлߴѧαѧЩѧԭ˽һģôһҲЦһ£˵ǳé®ѧûоϴ
ôһȴЩ׼ˡ
һҵδʣֵǴ¡гǼ򵥵ļ۸ǿ˭µĲƷ˵µķʽƷ˭µгµԭϣµ̬֯ΪߴߵļֵҶ˵˭һ㣬˭ܻøгΪҵ֮ľԲƶķٷչԲŻʹڹȥļУʷϴδйĲƸ
Ҳ˶ҶĻʾһķԡ
һλгվʵѧǵһˮƽߣӦԴڼĽҶгΪҵ֮ľƶģҲܹͬ
ˣҲȷʵ٣Ͼ仰һλү˵ġ
⣬Ҷǲ˵ʲôģֱӾ˵⣬ʵǾһ⣬ΪˮƽԼǣΪʲôе¼е¼Ͳ
⣬ȷʵְѺܶ˸סˡ
ʲôƶ˼Ҷһ䣬ȻԴʷչʵֻ֤гòƶʹµļܿͶӪӰ졣ڹŴҲвٵļЩΪߴֵΪᴴĲƸΪгѹ²ģҵ˿ĶһߵҪҲŻǿƵҪԡ
˶Ļһʱ֮᲻ʲôǿķ۵㣬Ҷֽ˵˾ƸĸҲǿƶҵãгõĺļֵΪǷӳȺڵʵҪģΪҪǵļŻھлýĽƶķչΪǵṩ˸ƵĻᣡ
Ҷһ˵棬ˣǴû뵽һ˾Ȼܹ飬ôס
ʲôгãȻҶôţŪ׵ˣȷʵ٣ֻý˽ƺгˣȴҪһ㣬гõĺļֵ
ûʵϵľγɣôгȻǹͷļٻ


774 ͬ־
һг̳Ҷ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
˵ķӦΣûȥ˼ϵĳͻӦǱȽϼҵġ
Ӧ˵ĸ￪ʮ꣬ȷʵڴһҳĸɲǶгת⣬о˻Ǻܶ࣬Ͼ֮ǰҲֻǽһƷöѣг֣η֮绢
һǰȻΪһʡִݣҪ˵ھȫ̽гõĸᵽļֵȷʵеѶȡ
ӦһЩ׳ģԽ⣬ҵĹעҲԽ࣬˵Խ࣬Խֵ࣬ҲԽ࣬ܺùԺٲΡ
ҶڻҪש񣬵ʯûͲˣֱӻ˼档
Ҷ߶ȻŪñȽ֣ȴûţڼ磬дǰףصǡ
ʵΪֹ˾ϰ壬ҶȻôܰѾۻˣԼ飬Լǲ㾭ˣ鶼ġ
϶ǸϹˡҶҶǺܸ˵ģ˵ҵƣ
ǺϻøһءҶҶӣߣһ߶ʾԼΣҪſģ˵ͬ־ҲҪһģϵҵȫˣ
˵ʲôأȻһ
ҶҶͷһɵЩԾȻҶүӸͬ־һˣֵ˵ͬ־Ͱһ䣬۾ȴЩЦ⣬Ȼڶ
鸱ٺᣬ԰Ͻ롣ҶϽ˵
Ϊˣڵӭ֮ơ
ʵͬ־ǸոմҶүǱ߶Ҷү˵Լӣ磬ͬ־öиյ͸ɴո֣˳
ĻʵᣬǲܲμӵģҪ˵Ҷ֮飬ȽȤҲȽϸһЩ
˵ڻϷˣҽһͬ־˿Ҷ˵
ŶõġҶ˵ͷȻҶһۡ
ͬ־Ҫ̸飬Ȼӭ飬ͲҶȥˡ
ҶȻǺģ̾Ҷһѣ˵Ѻ鸱ܸˣˣ
ҶЦЦźͬ־Լү˽ȥΧ˼ҶүӺͺ鸱٣ǸеЩȵģû뵽ôæȻҲʱ䣬μҶӵ硣
ѩʱѾָò࣬汧źӣΧſ
ҶүӺͺͬ־߹ȥ˶ӣЦ˵˼伪ȻŽ˼棬˸
ݵˣȻǲʺϸ˼һģڰȫԭҲ򵥴ҶĸҶӽܳҲϹˣ˵
˵ҶƽҶӳֵ϶ǲרŸϻˣϾⲻǺܴ飬ǹԶأܲμҲпԭ
ҶľҲùˣȫֶǼ䣬ȻŸϵ棬ҶүӺͺͬ־˵
Щһ˵벻⼸ֵģ˺ͬ־һҶͶҶү˵Ҷͬ־ĺηг̳һϯúܶ˶е𺳣һЩ۵ӱҲҪҺ
鸱ܹˣʵҾǴʵ̸һ̸ܶѣ˿佱ҶȻرʾ˸лȻʾԼˮƽޡ
ǸгõĺļֵǾ۵úܺãͬͬ־Ц˵Ŀǰڵҵ̫ˣȱľǾʶԼĻǸƣʵϣͨгƶǲ뵽гȥˮɻˮĴСǣĿԡ
鸱˵ķǳãڸҵʱҲע⵽⣬ҵûоʶֻϮǰƻµҪг̭ġҶ̵ͷͬûγľãȻгãҲܵõͬ
Ҷү֮󣬾üͷ˵ԼͿˣ˵ͬʲô˼ѵ˵Ҫưȫأ
лĻΪʲôԣҶʵȻǵĿںǾȨ壬ᾭõķչ϶Ҫ߳ȥģ˵ôĺдڸַڹĻ˻ȣԼ߳ҵҲҪȨṩıԹǿˣͲɱҪ뵽ʷȥνĲȨ壬Ȼȷ˵ʵǣ㲻ưԿԣȴҪԳưԵʵ
ҶĻɵЩ
Ҷܹļʶ˵ͷԶˡ
ҶӽʱЦ˵ûСξеˣŵȥһӥɽ졣
Ǻǣ㾭ãҪȷŵöࡣҶүЦ˵һ䡣
ԹƵһЩ룬һǺܸȤġͬ־ҶָƵ뷨ֵ֧ģʲôķ𣿡
ڵĺܶƹǽЩӪƵҵиƵģҶҲӦøƵĹ۵㣬ȻһǶڸ߲ԣȷʵҲһ㣬Ǻͬ־Ҳϣҵһ˸֮󣬾жôı仯ҵǷҲ˳أ
뵽⣬ͬ־̲סҪһҶ
ָ飬һֱڹšҶػشֱӸҵ쵼ԹȨһĹȨȣҸڸǹȨ˵ʱ䣬ҵӪһʲôĳ̶ȣԻһֹȨⲿֹȨͨԺܹ֣ӪȨȨҪֿɶǹɶ߹ܾǸ߹ܣھľӪϣ߹ܾ൱ȨǱ»⡣
ȻˣҶֻǼ򵥵̸̸ʵֵĸ⣬Ҳ۽ƽй֣̽ĵطҲ٣˾о֮󣬲ŶһȽƵķ
ҶȷҪΪҵɶףҪôó൱ʽҪôóŷĹҵǳΪҵɶҪҪװǣǲܵ顣
ʹԣǱֵġ
Ҷͬ־ܲͬ־ҶĻԺпһ֮󣬾ͳ޵
ʵϣȨĹ룬ʣҶӦйĸ֮УǺмصģЩͼˮˣ˼ɣҪõȨǲԣȵ֤Լ
ܹҵǿȥôҶΪɶӦҲûжˣϾ̵У˶ߡ
ĹƲ£ѵľڹƵĹУԤָķ⣬һֱûҵܺõİ취
ҶĹָƵĹ룬ȻǴӷ΢ŽϽ˳ԡ
Ҫ˲ţ档


775 ڼ
϶ȥ˶ɽҪչȭˡҶ֪ʲôʱطܵҶ߶˵
ôҶ⣬˾һ䡣
ɽ£ôĳôͲǵˣҶЦ˵
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ȻˣҶûгԿ˶ǰһĸɲȥ˺Ӷʡй
ֻǺӶʡɲҲûʲôȽϺʵĵط壬Ծ˸мίǣӦܹͣһӣɹζڡ
˭֪ҶߵﶼǲֵģֱһȺĶ֣мίԶǵİ湦
ڴʹɽ¶˾ģܵҶͬ־ŵ˶ɽУίǡгְ
ְĺҪ֮ǰмίǿˣһԱ˾һ֣һ͹ʮĹԱǵģԵʵȨ
Ҷ˵ҶǶɽҲûʲô
ĳ̶ֳҶְҪԣ֮ǰʥεĹίΣҪҪܶ࣬ʥҲǹҼĸ¼֮ķû취жԱȵġ
ȻˣҪǴҫ۳̶ʥȶɽҪʤһ
أʵҲҶүͬҶߵһҪԭΪʥԵ̫ҫˣԲʺҶһȥ˶ɽְôߵ˾ñȽϷһЩ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʵǲʺڵҶʵ̫ˡ
ҶүӺͺͬ־ûжҲ¶һ棬Ȼ˵뿪ˡ
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Ȼ˵Ĵ棬ӣǽӴѹҲǱȽϴģİŶҪǵͬʱעñ涼ӡ
ҶӽܳˣϾӹ£үүģкǡ
ҶǱȽɣҶǴкپپƱ
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ϾʸˣǸЩѣȻᳶҶ͹ࡣ
˸ոЪһͿҲˡ
ڳŶҲǱȽųģҲҶҪġ
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ҶƶأŤͷһȴʶϴҶܸʶǼλų嵼ݣͷ߻СǿԱ̹С
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Ҫڿ㣬ɲһʱ顣
ڹڵĴˣȻһ쳯ʶƺԼǿˣ۵ٹҲջˣڳԵˣ·ˣסҲʼƷˣţơ
ʵϣٵ⻹ܶ࣬ڹϵĵλҲȽϵͣǮ˵ʱĵλҪҲԾġ
˭GDPǿ˭Ǯ˭ܹҵء
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ҪıһУٻҪʮķܶϣ
Ҷһˣνڼ硣


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Ҫǿ֮·ǻкܶҪҶɵøпһ
ᵽ⣬Ҷ˵ˣϾΪȽмʶһˣļλǾлģȻ֪ں͹Ĳ໹ܴȻкܶطҪȥŬơ
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鲿֮ܲµģҲҶӽֱܳټҶӽȼֵܵĹϵҲȽУԹҲǺġ
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ȥˡҶͻشĺܶѣͦܺȵġ
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⵹ûʲôڱĲ˵ȾƿǧҶЦŻش
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ҿ½ˣͷ˺ܶࡣȻ˵
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Ҷڳ½ӡǲô࣬ûϸ˽⣬ʹϳ¼ҳȥᵽ½ķӦǺǿҡ
ֻ岻Ե޹ᵽ½ҶеЩ棬֪ΪʲôҪô˵ҶЩɻؿ塣
ȻͶ˵ϳ¼ҵļȻȥˣеģƵƵҪһЩ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ѵǻҸʲôСɣ
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ٺӴˤ飬ºȻ˺ܾãҲûеóһ֮ǰڽеʱҶҲɽ·ܵϮЩ龿ǲһΪ˭Ҳ㲻
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Ǻǣ֪ϰߡҶӽЦһƸ壬Ȼ˵ֻǺƣϲˡ
彫ƱӹУҶӽ̸һЩ顣
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ô˵Ҳûеģڲ֮ǰ־˫ϼҲǸ̨Ǳ߶ǣģȻ֤ݲǺȷȷʵѾڲˡ
мڴˣҶӽһ£ΪΪŸˣ뱣֤Լĵλ棬Ƶ֣ĻԼ߶еʲôսƻ֮Ķûµ棬ȱй¶ˡ
飬ҶӽΪıܳȻǾġ
ЩطܳȨУҲ¡ƺһЩ֣ᣬ͸Ҷӽ
Ҷ̸֮ҲǺܹģĸûжĹϵҪĵģɽİ˵ĳԺ˯⡣
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Ҷһз֮ǰȷѡ񣬽ɽｨһú̿ӹأǵ֮
˵ƣгһӣָĻϻǱ߶ԽĹһЩָϺ楻ص湲ģӶʡפǱ߶绰˵¡ͬ־Ҫͬ־Ǽ棬Ϲȥμϵľƻᡣ
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Ա߶楾˵ǺӶʡεʡҶ˵Ϣˣոûɡ
ҶˣŻȻ
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˵Ҳ֣ںӶʡѡԶҶǣҲǱȽϹĵģΪǹϵԴƵģþûѡǸڽɣ
ҶĻǵ˵ͷ楷ò
ڻĵӦҪǻ磬󲿷ֶӶ߶ĵ糧ģԺӶʡʡһλΣȷʵǣŸ˼ģСѲҲ
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ʡʡίǸϣҲίˣȻλȨеļ֮һȻʸ֪ĻϢҲܲλȫɲҶҶҵļ̳ˣҶǬͬ־ӡ
Ҫ¹ѻҲһͿҶӲͷ
Ҷᣬеʱ䣬еǻᣬκһ˾ԸͬӲӲĻʮӶʮ˭֪Ժʲôأ
ԭܹԧϷˮأ˭֪˸˾͸ַˣ첻ԸҸױ켵ʵģ⻰Ȼ١ҶҽţȷʵЩˬ
˵ԳҼʡҲҽڲȥģǸһźţҶҲ֧˼ʡĹˣ
źţԲܹҷģԣϵľƻᣬҶǵȥμӲˡ
ϱ߰ڼҡҶ楼˼۾
ǿɲУҪҼȥģóʱûҰˡЦ


777 ¡ʡԵ
Ӷʡפ죬࿪ʼΪ
ĺӶʡʮؼУʱегҶɽеĴгפ죬Ⱥʡ¡ڹ١
˵¡ʡ½ίˣ˱࣬˵úǡ˽ʡ
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ϾԼںӶʡģͳϵҲ˼¡ڵֱ£Եȸ쵼Ҳڿչ
뵽ҶүδؾʱЩ飬ҶͿʼ°ͣ
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Ӷʡ֣ҪһЩ仯ˣֻǲ֪Ƕѹ磬ѹ磿
ҶгںҶ
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ʵҲûʲôҶҪģݣһҲûԸ⶯㡣Ҷľ˵
ν֪Ů֣ľֻǲһޡֶѣôͳʡегҪ˵֧֣һҲŵģԵûԸ̫ƽϵġ
ʡȽǿƣҲῼֱʡǵ̶¶Ϊ߶Ĺϵ̫ӣһСģܻ鷳ԼںӶʡִҶƶֿǼСġ
ȻˣǷʲôŭԹĴ飬ǵ˼εʡ˱ֵɣôŻľγв
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˭أϿʡӣƽˡҶ˵Ȼ˾Ͱվٰ췽İţھԱ߶
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ʵҶҲʵܹζɽеĴг˵ˣʡĺܶɲǣҲ׷ױʾ˲⣬ɽгѱְ֮ʡôɲأôƫƫһʮͷҶλã
Ȼû˸ʡίľ˽£˾ͶˣҲ˺ܶ಻Ҷл
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ľݵٺãԴҲüͷʱ
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𿪡ʱһӰͻȻԱ߶һͽ˸һԣӴ˼תײԱ߶һ档
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˸ʾľݺҶɫã̾͹ϳˡ
Сúܣʾһͽ˦ȥˣټӴ󼸷ʹײʮϣҲʲôϡ顣
ܳСӳʱˣһ־˹ǰ
Сһָʾ
ȴЩˣɲǸ۵ʲô飬ʦԸöǴ½ҪץĻֱӾץˣ״Ѿǲ֪֮ˣ˭ҲԸֳ¶
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뵽ҶɵЦЦ֪ڶʱ֮ڣ¡ڲܸ̫Ȼ˵ʡѡ飬ƺûз˭ҲԸðַգϾ˵ѡֻ˵޳ƱȽٵĻϵ޹⡣
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һ¡ӶʡְȻٲ̽صش˶ӹǣȴû뵽飬ֵôҶЩΡ
ʿһվţҲеֻ֪ʡҪг󣬰ʡ˵ˣг͵ţȴû뵽гȻҲ˦˾ӣеЩȡ
ֻһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôΪá
ͷ׵忴ЩͷǾǰȥȳλڸô¶Ҳ
һһվղֻǶݵѣΣȻѾָˣ͸һڸ̲ס͵˸ʾһۣû뵽ⲻɫСӣ־Ȼ˿ûǷӦʱ䡣
Բϰ塣ڵ˵û뵽
һۣʾҪ˵ȻЦŤͷ¡ʡ˵Ǻǣû¶ˣǴȳˣںˡ
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Ҷ˿ɫǣ˵ڴҵ涼û׶أҲλ¡ڴʡټҶںӶʡҲã˲Ըǡ
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779 Ͷ
ʲôߵһԣһŭضԶӵǳﲻǸ۵ǾǣҪ˼ҿ¡ӣۣͱ˸ӳȥˣԺٸ鷳
εһҶ߶ŮȻ֪Ϊʲô˼ͻˣСӾǲԣڸ۵Ǳ߶ûǳ¶
˴½ȻˣһүϰǲԼв
ļȻڽڣӺӶǨȥģļڸ۵ҲʲںҲһЩϵ磬ܹóʽҲǶʮڶѣ˵ܹڵĴ½һĵλһķչᣬվˣȻѹס˼Щͷߡ
Ҫ˵ھǣ˭֪ǵСпܾһҵҹأ
ղһҶݣ˾͸˵ǺӶʡɽеĴгҶŶʮ͡
⻰һڹڹٳоҪһЩȻ֪гĸɲôҪ˵ûзǳıǼǲܵ顣
¡˳˳ˮĹԱɲҲǵʮ֮ˡ
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ֻҶǸʵʿԼҵıھȻûܹùЩйҪһӣ취
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µ˾˺ӶʡЩгǣȻһѹͬʱεʡ¡ڶԣδø֮ĹϵͬǷǳҪ顣
һʡ֮ʮؼе쵼ͳͳų̬ȣ㻹ôչأ
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ϾȻҲпɽԶ̸ϸٹ̡
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ҶЩƶϣȻó¡Ӷʡ֮󣬹Ҫ͵һӵģΪδؾͻô¶ԼĹ
һЩӹ̶ѣ´ȨεɽǵУĻھԲȥһЩ޹ؽҪϣʾһ̬ȡҶľ˵ıָжϵĲϵĻôڹٳϵĳɾͣҲ޵úܡٳϵ飬˲Ϣ䣬˵һͻһ·ȣôһ仰磬һ
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λϺá˵Уվ˳Щп˵ˮǧʮСޱֻ绹硣ĳ뿪ʱ򣬻ѧ׶ʱ磬ѾͷипȷʵһѾ
һģ¡ھļڰοܹ֮ϵȻȻңȻλʶˣû׼ѡ
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ǺǣĶ³ļ罨裬о壬˵еĶɽ£ǶɽеĶɽµĻôĶ³ԸΪɽеĴгǶɽʾ֧֡ҶվǳȷرʾԼϵ̬ȡ
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Ȼˣ¡˵һθ۵ͲŲֻΪ޶ɽ²ŻģʵĶ³һͶʼƻܻܽᳬʮϡ
֮󣬶еЩ𶯣ҲЩ˷ܣ¡ںλ嶭³Ȥ飬Ҳ͸ˡ
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Ҷȫǿġ
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ϾƣҿͶʵĿԣȻɱŹ
᳡նʱͱ÷ǳ¡ڵϣҲ¶Цݡ
ʵϣ¡ʡʵĿģҪؽط쵼ǵԼЧΧԼתôֱӵֶξǮˡ
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ֻҶҲеŤͶʾͶ£ôǶɽ߶ͷǵҪܽأ
ҶĸԸ˵еŲ
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ڸ۵ϲ飬Ҷܹġ
ʵԺڣڳǧĴУʢ˥䣬˵ƴδƷ̵ķչ
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ʵϲʲôڽ̣ܰѲصӰ죬ʷϵ˥ӡ֤һ㣬ǴڵķãҲһ˶бңŷƵ
Ȼȷʵÿһͳڶɹֻ֮һʢĿʼ
ʮһǰ䲼19ļۡʼΪɶڽڽ̽໥أϺ
Źھ÷չԼĴƶݴֿʼһµʢ˶
ڹŴҪɽ񣬺ʱ꣬һ׿ľ޴󹤳̣ʱǧ޷ȡ
ڵᣬʵһֹҵΪκҵأٶȻǹģϣҪԶԶԽȥ
ⷽ⣬ҶûоҪ޶ɽ£ʲô׵ġ
Ҷгܲ䣿ʱȻ߹ˣʿٵͷں棬ƺϴĲԸ
Ķ³ˣ¡ʡͶ̣ǻӭأʲộֱָСҶЦűʾ̬ǱҪģĻôܹʾһ֮Ͷ̵
Ȼ˵Ҷ棬ɽµĹģжҪ޶ɽ»ỨǮȫһŲ֪ģⲢӰʾ㹻ĳֵ֧̬
ҶгúһҪȮӵǸģոյ飬ҹܽ޷˵ţͶʿٺǳҶг
ʿޱȣڰ£òͷֵ˳Ÿ׵ĻҶ˵ԲˣҶг
Сһ׮ؽ黳Ҷ˰֣ǳȵرʾ˷ϵ۶ԭµģĶ³ص㣬Ӧò˵ɣ
ǺǣҶгǡֽʿߣȻ˵ĸ֮ǰȷʵңҪ취޶ɽ£ʱλԼĲҲһֱδ˼ҵԸ¡ʡӶʡҲںӶʡͶʣԾ;Ȱ
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Ҷг˿ⶫɽ»Ҫ޵ģϾǶڴͳĻıҲǶڽ̷չ֧֣ǻ۹µ飬ҲܹŨŨһʡҶ˵ܻ֪ض޷£ڸ۵ɽɵ̳𣬾ִҵĵһ𡣡
Ŷ¶һ治Ҷˣҡҡͷ
ڸ۵Ǳ߶飬ҶĵĶǾòϵ⣬ʲôĴûйĹ
̳ΪĲͭʣ250֣ܸͬԼ34ףĿǰ˵¶ͭ𡣡ҶܵȻ˵ǼȻҪ޶ɽ£ôͲ̫СһҪ޳ģôҲҪܹȥ¼ĸźá
ôĶ³ļƻʲôҶЩʵ
ҵļƻҪߵķ񣡡¶ضҶ˵


781 뷨һ
ҵļƻҪߵķ񣡡¶ضҶ˵
ҶһʱеԾˡ
ȻλĶ³飬ֻ޶ɽô򵥡
ҪߵķúķѶʽͶٵأ
ȻҶ˵۵̳ʵȴˡ
Ҷȥ۵ʱҲִƷ̳ڴɽľ嶥ǵ¶ͭ񡣷23ףܸԼ34ף250֣202ͭӶɡ
5ֵķ棬ڽעʱ˴Լ2ǧ˻ƽ𣬸ʡ
ͼƸڡŷƴܼ֮ׯش飬ϳ٣ָƽ죬ʾηӡγʹࣻ´ϣ⣬ָ΢΢£ԸӡԢʩ֣˴۴ȴ󱯡
ľɽŵ̳260ʯ¾̳Բ̳ڲṹ㣺áչͼãоʯ
˵̳𾿾˶ǮҶڸ۵ֵطôһ𣬻ٲˡ
ܵ˺Ӷ޶ɽ£δûи̳һϸµ˼ĻҲᵽ̳𣬲ҰĲرʾҪߵķ
Ķ³ô˵ĻͶʶǮ޶ɽ£ҶЩʵ
û㹻ʽҪ޶ɽ£޽һ߷񣬿ǲʹġ
Ҵ㽨һɽ𡭡岢ûֱӻشҶ⣬˽֮Ķɽ𣬻кεȵƻֺ꣬һ޶
УɽΪĲ񣬲ͭ죬ͨ88ף800֣ƻһʱͽɣͬʱڶɽʽ󹬣ƽףӶǱһָķʤ
Ͷʣͬ޵Ķɽһ𣬼ƻҰɡҶԼļƻ֮ڽ͸¶һ
Ҷ֮󣬴žеӡˡ
۵̳ʱ岻֪ΪʲôԭûвȥԴ˹ڻΪ⣬ҲΪȥĸǲ֪ٵԸԾҪ޶ɽµĻᣬôһѹ۵̳һͷΪڴ
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ȻǮʲôģҪЧˡ
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ܶˣ¡ϵʱҲȥ˶ڹڹԱǵİбȽֱ۵˽ģǶڹڹٳϵһЩ磬ǱȽϲġ
û뵽Լ߶˵޶ɽµļƻǱ߶Ҷ¾ͽڶɽµϸ͹ˣǵְЧʣ岻ɵöҶλ׶Ķɽдг
λܹ֮ӸλΪȷʵɡ
ǺǣΪɽеĴгԼȻ֪Ͻжɽôһ̫ʧְˡ˴ȻҪֲģһٸ̸۶ɽµʱ򣬾ͲãȻ֪ˡҶΪػش
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˳ε۳ǵķʥأһʮֶʢŹ̳䣬Ҳ˵峯۶ٴ£л˳һ
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ҶҲֻܴӽ֮ǰƬϣһµɽµķʢ
ٷЩѾʲôԭۼľַԼռԭؼ򵥽һЩҶҲɵЩп
Ȼǻްպ죬ǧպãⶫɽ²ѭŵĽϣһ޳ĸо
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Ӧòġ̾ͱʾͶǧ򣬹㳡ǧʣµһǧ춫ɽӦǹˡʱǷȱĻ׷Ͷ룬ߴӺļǻܹµĴ¶кܶ޳ɵġ
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ҶľݵĻɵüͷһ壬˵ĵ⣬пܵġ
Ҷȱٶ֣Ҳȱٵˣֻ֣ǰֻǸһίҪİѱȴô׵ġ
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ѵ˵飬ͷβ˼ҸһҶı
뵽ֿԣҶɵüͷ
飬Լǵúúõؿǿˡ


782 Ӻ
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ľݵķеڻͬڶʮڶʮģԽָཨú¥֮Ķ㼸ѣҲͽ˶ˡ
һ飬ᱻθ߶Դ
ڿɲͬ˵£ָú÷չãǴݳ޳֮磬ϰյزĻ¶ȷʵǲý͵ġ
ʱ֮ǰν۵Ȩֻ˵У˵Ƿ磬˵꣬Ȼ˵ҶҲȥӰϵͳǵҶγɺΧʱӰж󣬾ͺ˵ˡ
ôһǣľ˵ĻҲûҪԴС
Ӿ淽ʵҶ޳޶ɽ¡춫ɽġ
Ȼ˵ڵѾ˶꣬Ȼкܶ˼ᶨΪǵǮƺλԼǰ͡
رһЩԱ̵ȣڽռݣ£Գɰǧϧȼһ׶ࡢԼʮ̴㣬ҪԪѡ
ԪǧԪ򡢱ڼ۸ҲˮǴߡ
ö֮ѲǴڽ̻һЩطΪӪҵĳҵ
ʵع㽨ıѲǴеĺУǼǮۿĿ̣ǻǮͶʽȻء𡱴á㡢󷢺ơ
ǶڵطԣֻҪˣǺкô飬ٶѣȷ棬д̼õģԶﲻǣҲʹöɽһҵǳ
ǴӰȷȷʵľ˵Щ˵ǵ
û֧ڽ̽緢չˣضſˣڽ̽õ˳ķչڵҵҲܵ˴̼٣һЩ߰ţҲ׷ܳˣ˹ϵĻҡ
ܹЩô˹ֶֻܶࡣ
Ҷ˼룬;ҪǿԴӦģҪ޵ģҪģЩһ
ҲţΪȥĸɽԸģɶһɹ˶ԣûʲôʵʵ壬ҲǮҧ֣Ҫڶɽ¡
ıӦǸ۵ͲҪ½ҵѣνܽһȽϺĻӶѣλĶ³С̣úܾ׼ġ
ҶҲû˼߶гˣֱӾľһ뿪ȻȥפŪźӶʡȫͼʲôξȫͼʲôģŵһȻľһо顣
ҵûעӶʡԴܶడҶ֮󣬶ʱЩȵ˵
ӵͼϿԿóӶʡĵرＫ࣬ռȫرϣһ൱пֵԴ
ûע⵽黹ءľݾ˵ǰֻҪץüͼ칤ˣ鲻ҪģڲͬˣȻгȾ͵öԼϽڵָƣξҪԼϽʡĵλиܱĹϵģܶ鶼ҪȥϤȥ˽⡣
ľ˵ƻϣ˼¡ʡҪЩǴһֲ
ҶͷΪȻȻ˵ڵĺܶ쵼ɲǣԼϽҲǺ˽⣬˾ʱãȻ֪Ļܲʲô¶ҲһȽǿƵ쵼ֱӾͰˡ
ϾԼϽϤԼĹϤǲҵıְ
кܶ鶼Ҫ񲹰Ҷͷ
Ҫ񲹵ģȻǺӶʡԴ
ڵͼоһ֮󣬾ͷѡĶɽ¾ַöǴӼĸٹ·ƵģҲ˵ضΣô޽ٹ·ʱ򣬿϶ҪܵӰġ
Ȼѡһ·õһ·õ֮ܶ鷳¶
Ҷûϸоһ¶ɽµʵֱӾʹӦ壬ͬڶɽ¾ַ춫ɽĻô֢֮ͻֳˡ
ͷûģֺôһ˶ˣ¼ô˵飿ҶôһͿ͸ҰģǦڵͼϻһƻеĸٹ·;ƲƲ죬ľ˵
ڸ۵ͲŶԣаһ顣
׬Ǯͬʱܹռ˵֮㣬û׼ܵõһЩռزͬʱڸٹ·֮߶Ľͨ÷ǳ˳γһԶɽºͶɽΪĵģΧеġ
ҶڷǳɣƻеĶɽ¹㳡пڽһͣԸܱ߸֮以ͨԷοͳС
˵Ļôɽеҵ϶Уܱ߸еҵҲܵ൱̶ȵĿơ
ǶڶɽжԣͲǺˣҶҪǸٹ·ص⣬ξҪǸ۵ͲڶɽµҵһҶ֮󣬻᲻Ӱ죬˵˰պͶȨȵȣжڶɽڽӰȵȣЩǱ뿼ǵء
鵱УȥͲȨҶĥһ֮󣬾Ͷľ˵ӦÿعɵģҲԿڶͶ̣ø۵ͲһҶ󡣡
ľˣΪȻҲͬҶ뷨
¢ϾӪȻǱҵ˵ҪһЩЩǼ͸ģԱй淶ܹ֤ɽҵĽչڱǸ㻵
ڶͶ̵Ҫ壬ǰͲŵһȨغʽͶȨĻôͲŶһ̣߶ķչ·ߡ
ôһĻҶٲҪģɽȦӣᱻòͳˡ
Ȼһ˼ƶ̣˼ƳҶЦŶľ˵ûѵĻҲ֣ᷢһȻôһڵңЩ۵ϼһȻʡ͵ĵư
Ϊ쵼еʱҪϧ𣬲̬ľЦŶҶ˵㲻ΪǿʱǴŶȨ׵ʧЩò׼飬һϣҲֱİ壬³пܾΪ֮ĳ嶯򵥡
ľг˵ǣҵúúøллŶԡ֮ͨҶ鲻ɵôãЦŶľ˵


783 ˴˲
ȻҶҲҹ棬ľʲô飬ǵӰ⣬ǰס궯
ϾҶספ棬һڶ촫гľ붫ɽгҶ˫˫ҹ飬ͬʱг̳ϢҶӰ쵹ǲ󣬶ľݿɾ൱ˡ
¶ҶҲ˵˵ѣûиж
ⲢӰҶľݵķһ˳´һʮӵʱפӢͻȻʹ绰˵¡ʡд۵ͲŵĿˣľгȥ㡣
ľˣʱüͷ
Ҫ൱ˣҪ˵¡ڻûʽΣʽˣҲûеʱ䣬˳ȥơ
Ҳǹϵ¼ϵѣ˹ʱʲôǣ㻹浱˼飬ܹʮСʱȫ㻤
ôˣʲôƣؾ˾ǡҶԱ߶ˣ̾Щ˵˵
¡ڻԼ¶ˣûеӶأͿʼˣˣأ
ԲסˣΣ岻ʣܹȥˡľȻҲԸȥǲûӲؾܾ˸ԭ򣬻Ӣ
˵绰֮Ҷû˵űˣҲ֪ԼܳԼɷ
ȷʵеˣ治֪ԴôġľҲЩŭ
ٳȻһ׹أԸȥӭ㣬Ǳ˵飬ǿȥʲôƵ飬Ͳʵģ仹Ů飬ٵĺӶʡĸ߲м䣬ûзġ
ԣľݽӢĵ绰֮Ҳµûš
˵Ҷ͸ˣ¡ڵӣѾòˣǶԷĲ֪ˣôҲųᶯñȽϼ˵ֶΡ
ô㣿ʿվԱ߶ЩǵӢ
˼ҲԸҲûа취Ӣ绰̯̯֮˫ֵ
¶Ӣеѱˡ
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ƫƫʿӵ֪¶Ȼ޵гľӢ֮Ȼʮ꣬ȴ缸ʶˣһ˵˽˹ϵԾ˹ߥӢľݺ͡
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ӢȻҲľݵĵӹģϾʶ㣬ҪȻҲᱻ¡ǰǣκӶʡפΣڴȻҲһ˼άģʽǴģڹڣȻ˵ٳҲǵȼɭϣĺ̨㹻ǿĻ˾ҲԸģĴڣӰ쵽档ľôܳʡегȫҲôһӣ㵱˼һôô󣿽ֲûгԹͷС֪ˣʰһ٣
Ӣôһ˵ʿٶʱҲЩ궯˼ʱȴ˲١
ϵľ磬ʵֻΪ˷¡ڸܺӶʡҪԱʶѣͬʱҲ¡£ӶʡԱһַʽϾŸ۵ҪԴÿһطٶǳ顣
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ӢЦŰʿٵָĿư͵˵˼һȥкأ
ʵʿϲľ͸˵Ůˣζôȡˣô
ȽˣӢҲ࣬Ǵ˿߶ĵɫ̳£ŵ̰ɫţп㣬ϻԲԱñȽϽ˫Ⱥ֫У˫ȼ·ڽžҵĦ
ʿٿӢ˷ӣĻʱȽϴҲǾþԵˣ˫۾Ӣ˫ȼͣһôһһʿٰҪŮϳ˹Ϣ
ȣټȥкţʱӢȫ¶һֺŨϢӣʿٵо˱Ƚǿҵ
ʿٰ۹һЩ͸ҪɫĳԼɼɫֻ֣ӢԲ˫壬ĶһģʿٵĻٴȼ
ӢҲòĹˣǰ˾й飬ҲܹʿʱӸ߸߶ʿ٣ɵһ˳־ȥһѡ
СʿһоɧŮһ󣬲߻ˡ
Ӣͳúζ־гķ飬󵨵Ȼʿ˵үЩܲˡ
Ӣ̽һʿٵķӦ֮ԼҲе⶯ʿٲǹٳϵˣķʲôҲûʲô˼ɵģôǮԼôԿһҧȻͱסʿ٣һڣʿٵĶС˵˶ӣϵҷ
˵ЩӢԼʿٵĹؼλô£Ҳʿٵڸ˼£Ӽࡣ
ڽӴʿҲȼЩ뿪ˣҲһܾˣ֪ڲ¶ʱ򣬾ҧҧ촽ɿʿٵ壬˳һԼͷЩ˵ˡ
˭֪ͱʿٴӺϣһ¥֫ʹݺݵȥŪص͸ǰ˫ȴѾʧأʿٽӴӳµ̽˽ȥȥһֺֻݺݵʱһ¶ѾӲöӣҡ
Ӣʱеȱĸоֻ巢ȴýģסĦмвλƺҺһ
òײŴʿٵĻѳӢһ۵ڿɲʱ㲻±ҿɻפء
˵ţǴʿٵ߶뿪
ɧŮˣǹʿپ;Լںܲ˵ͰӢϽ棬ݺݵˡ
ת˲֮䣬ʿپ˽ϿгľݣʿҪʤӢٱܹôһλ޵Ůгѹ£תĻǸгɾ͸е顣
ʿ뵽龰Ұȼɵø
ҪôܹŮгأʿٵ濪ʼԣгְλҪİɣ
Լܹ¡ڵǰϵǵĹϵǵ¡ڶ˿ԼĻˡ


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Ŷ룬ֻһߡ˸ˣ̸Ц
¡ڴʱϼһ֧̣۾˵λͣǹĿģΪ˼֤һʡ磬ԼھȦӰ
۵ͲŵĶ³ȻǷǳϵģʱᵽʱĺĿÿÿ˵ЩֱʵͶʱļλԱĿ࣬Ϊ̾
һȺװƷӢ氵ֹһȻ¶Цݵ˽ȥ
οˣǵ˾ˣɲáӢ֮ʶ֮ǷҲĹϵǾͲö֪
Ӣ˵㿴¡ʡûкȺأûŮ㣬վ͸㲻
ǷˡӢЦ˵Ҵǵľгģ֪岻ͻȥˣǿϧˣľгƯѧָߣһѧǺӶʡٳϹϵĵһŮء
Ӣ⻰¡΢΢üͷȴû˵ʲô
¡ڿˣȻ֪֪Ůʲô˼ܹôʱͳΪʡегľݵıҲܼ򵥣ɲʲôŮɲҪϷܵϷġ
˳ΪľݵĻ֮ǽȦ棬û˹ʸ¡ʾԼҲܰһľŮӣڵλϡ
ֻ˵һ⣬ľݱʵǿԿ϶ģоȷʵˡ
ȾƺȾƣ´ټĻҪˡԹɫ¡ڲʲôľݵ飬Ǿ;˾ƱЦ˵
һͬٱ
¶ǣۻȣʱһԱʼ˾Ц˵Ůŵ㣬һ©Ȼûŵ㣬ȴһھץסŮ˵ŵ㣬ԼĳȥֲŮ˵©޷졣ΪδΪͷŮΪΰԣΪŮ졣ŮΪν飿ΪͨˣŮ뿪ˡΪأΪ֪ǳˣŮ֪ˡ
ôһǻʱҲЦŲ˵Ӫѧо˷ֶŮݵԭһֱҪ죬Ʋ֣ͳȥСɡСķգʱЦˣ˵ỵ̈һѣƬȻԽԽ֣ŮÿֻһȳȵȻԽԽˡ
Ǻǡ
ӢҲЩһЦͬʱокü˫۾ɨɨȥģ⡣
ָоӢûиеʲôȻԼظͦøߣڳһ˵̬
ΪһŮˣǹٳϵĳŮˣӢԼλԼıԼ壬ΪԼıȡ档
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˵Цһӣĵ档
˰Ƹĸطϴѹ̫ˡгҵͱʾ˵ɽǶȥҹͬ־̸˻Ҳûʲôãͬ־һεľĺܴҪǿ˰գǿɾͲˣܶƻеĿ뿳ˡ
˭˵ǰڴҵӿѹˡʱӦһƬпԴԴڶ
ҷ׷׽п࣬˵ľ˰Դûʲô仯£Ӳ˴󲿷ֵ˰գôһطֻԼ취룬ڲܴȼ˰ǰ£ʲôͼӰĺð취أ
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һκӶʡɲھפ濪飬¡Ҳ˵ֻǲ̫顣
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ǰǰĶ³Ӧ߿ģͶʵĿǺܶġ˶ʱ׷ױ̬ʾ롣
һҪȥ߶߶ġЦűʾһϲѣϲ⣬ܹȽѣ⣬е߾ˡܹˣ򸴺󰡣
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ν磬ΪһˣȻ֪ڵĵطĵĵطʲô˽֮Ļʵе̫շˣ档
Ҽƻʡǳһҷز˾־ͽƵزʱὫҵŵȥϣʱ򣬸λ쵼ܹ˵
һҪȥġ
Ҫμӡ
ģ
˷׷׷ͬʱ˼ҲԾ㷿ز飬Ӧ˵ǱȽ׬ǮģֻһӣзĴñȽûдʵʽ֧֣ȷʵǲøġ
ԸĻֻҪжʮڵʽΪʽһĿתˣҲͲûʽתˣһ飬ȻǺвֵġ
ӢһǵĻҲһ
Ӧ˵߶ķزгѾȽŶˣؼ⻹Ͷ̫һ治мøзϵòС
ȥǱ߶ֻҪܹʽٸзŪԼҪһСһЩ¥̣ҲǱȽ׵ġ
Ŀ֮ȷʵǳ˵ģ˵ǽһ׬һҲ֡
飬Ӣɵþ뵽Ķʿ٣Сһɫģǰεʯȹ£ŪǧʽҪ¥̣ҲܹԵˡ
˵СƺҲȷʵеϣǱЩͷǿ̫ˣ⣬ȴá


785 ҹ
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Ӣָһˣ쵼ǶظԵķȥæ˾Ϳ賿һˣʱЩƣػصԼķ䡣
ҪţͼһӰһӾʹ˹ŸסȻ§˽ֽŸϡ
ӢһҪȵʱȴԷסˡ
Ӣ㣬ҡӰС˵һ䡣
ԭʿ٣Ӣ˵˺һӣȶɵЩֵ˵ô˵ģһΪפ˽ٷأ
ٺ٣˵ǽٷҲûʿٺٺһЦСүٸɫ
ûпƣǴ·ƺ͸ɴĴлƵĹ͸ǿܹԷݡ
ʿٵ˫ֲסӢ壬ǰǰؽĦţζ
ҹɫȻҶһȻϢصˣ֮ƺضǣڸŮ֮䷢飬ͷҰһ𣬱̳
ʿٱűʮӢȴҲеͷһ󷢸ɣŮȷʵ˵ģȻ˵ʮˣǱøʮŮһϸۡ
ʿҲųṴ̊ŮǰӢϲĲˣӢʱ͸¶ζװף̲סһ
ӢʮŮˣ־͸СŮһƫƫôȻʿͷ𣬶ӼȴûкˣǰսһЩʿȵĺЩٵϡ
Ҫ˵顣Ӣֵסʿ٣˵
ʱ˵ʲô飬ɨˡʿٲӢֵ
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Уھ͵˵ҵӡӢ̬ȺܼŤŤȥмɵؽʿٸ棬ǲ֡
ʲô飿˵ʿٴ˿ӢôһڣеȫĻˡ
֮ǰͺҩʱҩˣһƺҪըĸоʵڲܸӢʲôھҪֱǹһɱܹеļʡ
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֪᲻ԼǮڹˡ
УǧҪ첻ʲô顣Ӣּۻ۵
ʿٱҪѹۣͻȻ뵽ǸгľݣǾ͸ı⣬˵ǧǧ򣬿Ҫ취Ҹ㵽ǸŮˣ
˭Ӣʵ
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ǿɲסӢȻ֪ʿٶŮȤΪгĹ⻷ľݶʿٲ˺ǿǵһˡ
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Ǻǣҿ㸸ΣӢʿٵţ
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Ӣ˵Ѿ䣬ʲô˼ɣʲô£̼䱻ʿøɸɾչ˫ӵסӢĽȥѰĴ˴˵촽һ㽺һӢ൱мɣȻǾþս˵ҲԽԽҡ
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Ӣ㣬öˮʿЩ˷ܵЦ
ҪӢץס󣬿ĺԣʿסָ֣ԼѾȵļ֮ͦϡ
Ӣɫԣڳëź֮䣬˸һƬ˵Ĵɫ
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ʿٺܿԼϥǽӢ˫ȸֿӢ촽ǰȵļͦʼĥӢҲѷĵʪ
ĴȻڲͣţҶҹԵøöҹԣӢ˫ȱʿٵ˫˷·Ʈƶˡ
Ȼ͸оʿٵȶȿʼһ֮УӢһѹֵĽʿ٣ͶԷܵһڵĿУʶڶʱڣһƬհ֮С
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˵壬ȻЩŵͷܱȽϵģһĿУܾöûֳܹоӢ
һжӢԾһĲƺҲøɸɾʿٵյ͵£ֳǰΪķ񣬵ʶع飬ѾԽԽС
һơʿ˵ȻͽӢ巴ʼͦ
Ӣһ̧ͷʹӴͷľУԼ̺գһһóˮİ۷أʹ̼˫ظоķӦԽǿңɵЩŵغ˳ˡҪͣһЩ
ʿҲʼΪЩﵽ۷壬޹˼ɳĽеҺ嶼кӢ
ð˺ܾ֮Ӣɸؿϵ֣ǳضʿ˵
Ҳܰʿ˵ϵӢܵ˳Ů˵ȷʵǰһļƷŮ
㸸ǿˡӢͻȻʿٵļͦԳԵЦ˵
һ⻰ʿٵ岻ɵӲӢѹ棬ֿʼһֶµս
һҹ˶ԣʵ̫һЩҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬴꽥Сˣ󳹵ͣԺ˿֦ҶһƬǽ塣
ֱڶͣʿٺӢ˻֫ţ˯һ


786 ǰŮѵĶ
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ǿҲ򵥣ٴĸӼʱܵʱٶھ˵Ѿֵ˲١
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Ϻȶˡʿٲҿ׵ɫͷЩؽһ䡣
ˣЩɵؿ˿ӣ;Сɫе԰ףȦҲеںڵģû˯õӣпǺȶ˵ĺҲû˵ʲôֻǶǸ¡ʡһ˷ɻȥǣȥ֮ʵһǳʲô鷳¶ôʰ㣡
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һ˻ӢŽˣصפ졣
ѾõʿٵһǧǿԶһЩˣȵõһǮ֮󣬾ԿԲһ¥ˣϾڵǱ߶ؼۿǱ˵úܡ
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죬Ҷû¶ʹ绰ǱһһŮֵЩͷҲЩᣬҪҶ˵˵磽һƵ顣
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Էϴô绹ʲô飿Ҷش
ľݾҶĶ棬ϰ˳ţͿĨʲôģȥǳ浾ţȻǳĺӶʡٳһŮ
ҶľݵĶ;úܣܹôһλŮгԼ£תȷʵΪ˵ɾˡ
Ҷһ顣ҶЩԥ˵ǰһŮѣȻܹҡ
Ůô֪࣬һҶʵѵ˵ϲˣ
ǵûУֻѾˡҶϵֻǺְͻȻһɡңʲô˼ѵΪ꣬ʲôˣЩŮˣǺֵĶﰡĪģԲŸ˵˵˵ô¶أιǲŰ
ҶֹţҶĻ֮Ķûȥ˵һ˳ҲҿķӦ죬һͷ絽Լ档
Ļľݿɾ͵ùˡ
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ˣȻˡҶЦ
ιҶ㻹Цʲôأ˵˵⾿ʲôأ绰Ҷھ⣬ҶĴЦȻЩġ
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Ȼˣһأԭǲ̫ˣʵҲ˲ǮأûöԲסҶЩƵ˵
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仰һ˼ˣҲһйעҶЦһ˼Ҷ˵ˣ̲סЦ
绰ҶˣʱһȻǰŮѾڸǰĻԻᱻȼɱģȻҪʬйߣ䣬һ˶ԣʵ̫ˡ
ңҪǣʱҶĻϲؽҶǰŮѱʾ˺Ǹ⡣
֪˵ĻҶͷˡ
˵ģԺû¶黨ǲݵģʡʲôԸ񼫶˵Ů㲻СģˣҲˡҶҶ˵
ôֲǷû˵ôӹסҶټϳԼˣå
ǲԽΪĿĵŮϵˣåҶȻ뵽˺һ仰ֱӸҶ˵˳
˵֮еˣֻľг۾ֱض˼Բˡ
˰ˣûԼҲǣȥˡҶаղѣ˵ľ˵ĻȻеģг쵼Ҫϧ˵ëĵĻԿĻԼ


787 ո¶ͷǵг
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߶ĵ·ȻѾˣӽϳ̶߼ģҶ͸˿оٽֳ۹߶ӦҪһίԱ߸֮Ľɫ
֤ͨ᳡֮󣬾ͷ߶Ѿ˺ܶˡ
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Щ˵УԼֻʮ֮һˣܹϸߵְλ˵ʡ˵ȦӣΪ֮еļλίǾ͸ˣһٸ˵Уδܳһ˲š
ҶľҲѧظ˿ʼƬӰʲôġ
һٰ췽Ϳʼкң˹ȥźö׼Ӱ
ȫĵؼУҲǲʮһιμ̳г˴ԼʮλңһЩΪԭ޷еġ
ʮˣ߶Ĵгɶ飬ȻҲ٣Ҳ࣬Ƭ֮ŵ칫еʱ򣬻Ǻ׾ܹбϳԼһģ̫ĻǾͲ˵ˡ
ΪǺӶĸɲҶľǰŵģǰһλģм伸ţలһЩҪĳегǣҶľݵλҲڵڶŵм䣬ҲмŵǼλ쵼λ󷽣ǷǳĿλˡ
Ȼ˵Щ˶űȽϼʣǿ˼λãеӢŮ޶ˣһ˵ãʱҲûʲô˼˵ʲô
ΪĻ֯İҲܵλҰԼıŶӣ˴ԼʮӵʱŪˣվųţ˵˲żüãЩǹҵĸ߼˲ţɲеٮٮߡ
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İžǱȽϽյģҷ׷׷ԣھùгֵһЩ⣬֣ᵽ˰ƸĸԵطɵѹȵȡ
ʵϣ˰Ƹĸ￴ȥȻͨ˵빹ʲôӰ죬ֻǸı͵ط˰շֳɱǴӸĲ⣬Ͳôˡ
ȾǵطϷֵõ˰ˣϾӰ쵽ԱĹʷţһЩ潨ĿͶ룬ԼԽҽƷṫҵͶȵȣһЩطԳʽĴĿҲǱ
֮ܶ˰ƶԵطɵвǺܴģԴҶԴ˶硣
Ȼ˵Ҳвתֵ֧֧طϸһЩĿ裬ǵþܹʵģľ͵ѵʱҲǴڵġ
֪벿ίصЧʣһ򶼲ߡ
Ҷûⷽ飬췢Ե⣬ǾиƵһЩ뷨˼򵥵ĲڹгֵһЩͨҲһЩķ
ҵƿ˵ǾƸĸҪ֮һʵ۵ͷչĸߵһΪؼĽ׶ΣҪͻĳЩʶϵϵϰܽҵĸеףʵ־ƸĸҪĿ꣬ʹóָתͻͽķչҶǻرʾִҵƶǱ֤ҵܹչıҪΪϸҵΪгʶʶԼֵĴĸ壬ͻΪ޷ʵггִ̭֡ҵƶΪʹҵг£лӦгܹͶгĺ֮УϱҵĻΪҲҪиƣܹʹͷųΪҾĹס
ҶĻȷʵҲʵָڹڴڵһҪ⣬ҶЩȥҵƣھӪ״õҵ֮ġ
ôһĻҲìܣһգЩҲᲽϱ˵ĺ󳾣˥ȥγһȦ
ҶҪҵչʱ򣬾ͽиƣøӽг
ʵҶҶЩ⣬ǱȽϹĵģʵҲ٣õ˱ȽĻش˶ҶλгĿ࿴
ͬ־ҶıҲǳ⣬ͶԱ߶ĹŽͬ־˵㿴ҶѾегģˡ
Ҷͬ־ȷʵǰ;ڣۿڹеı֣ŷֻǵ͹Žͬ־ͷͬ
ҶѾʼڹ̳ϣո¶ͷǡ


788 鸱ܵ
޶żľг̳ķԣҲǹڹƸĸģȻؾиֳ˵⣬˵ʲαתʧģͬʱҲƶȷҪԡ
иֳ⣬ʵкǿҵĹԣĿǰĹУȻ˵ձڣڴӪƵҵУЩ⣬һͨ
ںܶнյҵ֮УҵΪһֵǮĶǲϧ۵عҵ档
ľݵĻɸӡ֤ҶʹҲҪƸĸķԵȷԣҲ˺ܶгǵĹע
ͬ־ܽҲ˵˼䣬ʾطڶϽҵӳ̶ҪǿڹӦһЩã˵ල˵֤ߵϴ´Ҫøƹ̾סҵĿ֤ܸ㰵Ūòףװ׵ʧ˹ʲ̰ߣȺڡ
Žͬ־͵һЩ⣬Ϲ˲ͬʱҲᵽƶȷҪԣǰҶһЩƶȸĸĳԣʾ͡
ʣһεг̳ϣҶ˵֮㡣
ʱѾкܶߣĿƶ׼Ҷλȫĵؼгȷе˵ӦǴгϣܹлϵõмֵϡ
֮ܽ󣬾һ۲ͻȻ緢ŻγɵܽļȻɢ
Ҷûвμӻľ۲ͻǴ˺ͬ־˳糵ȥ̸һ̸ϵһЩ⡣
гĸоΣͬ־ڳϣЦҶ
ôҶҡҡͷǰίǱȽɣֻҪǴ׼ˣͲʲô⣬Ͼץ̰⣬Ҫȸ㾭ý跢չɶˣؼֻǲԸЩץѡ
Ҷֱ۵ĸоǰмίǣмӣ˼ǶߣΨֱסСӣʱԲ˶ߡ
һ£ҲֵµһȺ˸ݾٱϺ쵼ʾɻǳ˦ִƹ񣬳˿вӲͷҪ쵼ʱһҶŻЩҪȥ
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ڲ˰Ҷ¶ɵ̾˿Ҳ֪׹ڱǸѼ˼ܣг֪һ֣ǵͲúܶģҪĵܶ࣬ɲ齨Ҫץģý蹤ҪץģŮӣϴѧ·ǲǸɾЩǿӲָꡣ
ͬ־ˣʱЦͣ
һ˻ĲǰôɧҶ˵ĻȷʵҲǺʵ
ĵһ֣ԶһֵθأһЩ
ʵίҲɡͬ־Ҷ˵ɲ齨Ҫûһ֧ǿɵĸɲ飬ôþýأվ⣬ǶɽеίǣɼǷϸ񣿡
ǶɽеίǣҶˣͺһ鸱ܣ˵һʵҵ˶ɽһ˰ɣûмλίǣҪȼѶˡ
Ҷô˵δûзɧǸ״ζֻǺͬ־ģҶֱԻشҲûʲô⣬ʵȷʵûмɽеίʲôӣʲô̸ĵˡ
Ϊԭûвμӹɽеĳίᡣ
ڸӰ죬ҶɽеҪɲǶûмһλȥ֮˾ģһҪ˳ⷽ磬ĻĻ᲻ڽչ
϶Ǽġͬ־ʾ˫ˣ֯ϻǶɽһ°೤ȥҪúϣѶɽеĹá
źͬ־ֱʾɽеԴḻӦǷչĺܺõģڵֹۣɲ齨˱Ƚص⣬¾ý蹤鲻ǰҪŤת⣬ѹ
ǡҶͷӦͺܺ棬һλԼɸʲô°೤أ
ڹһأǰǼί˵һЩ˴гܾҪһЩıˣֻǲείǾǺηʥ˶̫ǿƵĻɽеĹ϶Ҫˡ
ҶΪԼöԵ飬϶ǲòģôʱ򣬿϶γɱȽǿӲײ龰ġ
ҪкЭҲҪͻм֣һеǰᣬԴΪءͬ־ҶЩпض˵ǴҵλϣȻҪڴʱЭЩ鲻ô׾ܰģҲϣܹµĹλϣùôֹۣ׶ɲĵطҲӵĵطϣܹ֮ĥ³Ϊһϸĵĸ߼ɲ
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ʹҲҪƵ뷨ڸ߲ȽϴҲϣָܹ𵽾ãһԵĹʵͬ־˵
Ҷ˵ͷһֱƶеġ
ԭǵ飬ѾûжĹϵˣֻΪʱкܶ಻Ϊ֪ĻԸ߲ͬ飬ָƵģҶ棬Ȼӵ޷󼰵Ӱ
۽ƽȫ浹֮ҶֵӰͺܴˡ
ѾʡҵʡҲϣṩܴķ㡣
ڹڣӪ߶ǹģʱģӦ˵ԱԱûѡõҵӪߵĶҲΪѡ𣬶۾Ӫֵ߱úûҵʣ涼ɹк֧ģԱòʲôʵʵĺôпܱʱ
ΪӪûκҵУΪҾӪҵĴͻܶ⣬ΪҵĿȨʣȡȨһʼǷģ˱ƺ;Ӫѡ⣬ܸҵ
ĿǰҪͨҵơѧЧִҵƶȣʵΪʵһĿЧ
úøɰɣŬҶǿеġͬ־Ҷļͷеض˵ڻĸĸпܾǸ߲δĸ﷽һҪݣúȥҪʧ
ѾǺͬ־ڶζҶ˵ĻˣҶֱͬ־һƶĹƹܵȽϴĻͻȻô׸п
վλϣҪȷʵܶ࣬ԶҶгҪӵöࡣ
һЩǿģǶڸĸĿǷڷ⣬ȴһֱڵģǼģǱصģ˼ײʼն֯ڲ
ߣڲ֪֮䣬ҶԼѾ˾߲㿴һꡣ
ԼڶɽеĹԶԼģҪӵöࡣ


789 ǰ̨
ҶֻǴ˺ͬ־ĳһζȴʾ
ҶгͻȻ˺Ҷ
ҶͷһۣɵЩȻȻӵһλ֪ŮߣڵĲɷóƴ֡
ܿأɷóͿ˹Ůߴ򿪳ţܵҶ߶
Ҷгãû뵽ڴϿŮ߼ҶһȻҽܵӡĸ꡷Ŀļ߳¾
¼ãʲô𣿡Ҷ˿λŮߣֻʹԼڶʮңһ㣬ǿׯҲһ㣬ֻֻ۾·˵һ㡣
ٿҲʱɫĳ£ǳɫЩ׵ţп㣬ߵĵ׹ԼӲҴСȥ⣬ͷȴ̷ʹԵЩǿɵӡ
֮ܶòȻ㲻ŮǷŵӳǺѹˣõĻܹһŮߵͷζ
ȻҶһֱΪӵ˺֪УȷʵȱŮⲢû͵ĸоʵϣ湤֮еŮˣ˵ĹעҲΪʲôĳСӰУƷϵлȽܻӭҳΪһҪĿҪԭ
ҶгãҪһʱ䣬רã֪Ƿܹ¾ֱӵԼȻͿҶΨܾλᣬг̳ʱҾҪϧźͬ־뿪ˡû밡Ȼ￴ˣԵְ
ʵԱݣʺǵĲɷģбҪ¡Ҷų¾üͷʾҲ֪ϵͳĺܶ飬ǱȽ鷳ģרãҲδؾܹͨùˡ
Ҷϵͳ飬ǷǳϤģЩɷûȥϣܶ඼ܹͨˣ޷Ǽ棬ֻΪϴ浵֮߸¡
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ԣĻ٣ôੲݵؽ֮ͣ⣬ͬʱҲǺԼһһжᱻ練зһЩܲǵıں
ҲΪˣÿһοʱ򣬶ǷߣʵҲǼ߱һЩ˲εۡ
˵ʱ򣬸ʾҶĳӣĵͣǵԡ
ӳ˳Ҷԣ٣߲ߣ
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˵ˣʹˣһֱҶôҲܲᱻ˸֡
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Ҷ˵绰֮ĥҶƽĻȷʵˣȻгˣǻܹĻȻǲܵ顣
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ҶƽǵĹӣֻȺܷ棬ҲǺעƷʵġ
⳵ҶгԼ𣿡¾ԥһ£Ҷ⡣
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ǰˣһҲмʱˣʱһϸаɡҶ˵ʱ飬Ͳɵ뵽ԼԴϰһӣԼõļ䣬뵽ߴ楡
û뵽żʱ䣬ԼȻҪĻǰ̨ˡ


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¾ҧűʸӣһ߶Լ¼طţҶʱذͣ÷ǳҪĻ¼дС档
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ΪȫʲĴˣΪһƲʲİȫܡռȨ汣ϵְܣһΪʱϵĹʲӪְܡ
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һҵĲƷܷгܣһҵܷȥҵܷ㹻ȻԴҵгΪԼӪԣߵע⣬ʽ˲šԭϵԴҵ
ֻͨҵƣſԼҵڳŵĻԡԺʹԣӵȨҵشٽгƵ뷢չ

˳¾ģҶ̸֮󣬳Թã̾˿һеģ˴ţ


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ȥҴɣ֮ǰСֶǡҶԸһ
˵ͷתͷԸʾȥ˳ӣȻҶѩļҿȥ
٣˵㰲һ飬塣¶ͶҶ˵
飿Ҷһ£Ȼͷȷʵиˣܶ鲻ðţȻҵɽ߶Ҳȷʵе⣬һȥ֮ٺúʰǡ
ҶȽջ飬һζɽеҪ쵼ǣȻû㱨ģҶгеȨܵӣ״ǲܹܵģȥ֮һҪһЩɫгҲг
쵼ȨǾԲַģ
ҶЩ飬Ӿ͵Ҷҵıǰˡ
ҶĳӣϵˣϽ˵綯ţǽ
ҶҲõϢЦӭ˳϶ã
ôˣҶЩʵ
ˣ涺ŪҶءҶصضҶ˵棬Щɫ
Ҷʱһ۵˾ˣôʲô˼
װˡҶüײҶһ£üŪ۵˵Ǹ˭˭ܵ飬ء
Ҹܣûʲô顣ҶЦ
֮䣬ûʲôֱ̫ӵֹϵȻ֮Ҳеǲ㴰ֽûüͱơ
ȻˣǲĤǸҶѲϵģֻҲ˵Ҷˣֻ˵Ҷİ£
ҶҲе˼
ʱΪ˾ˣûоôദʱżͻ뵽飬ܻЩεģҪʲô飬ȴҲûôĺ˼ˡ
װɣǿˣװˡҶҶļЦŰӭ˽ȥ
ȻҶһŶͿڸѩһ
ҶӾͱѩڻ棬Ǹոճ̣˯ˣЦ˵ģŷǳɰȫ̳ĸλŵ㣬ƳһλŮɱ֡
СˣѩҶЦŴк
ɩãҲ˰ҶӦһȻ͸к
ǰ캢ӹµʱΪеˣźһ䣬Ȼ˵ӳÿ󸻴
ʲôʱҲῴˣҶЦ˵
öˣȻͿóˡش˵ҶǱҶгˣϲ¶ôҲûףһ£
гֻʱģ˭֪ܲأɽǵطɽˮ񰡣ùءҶ˵һȻλ
֪ɽϰôһ˵ʲô룿Ц
ҶһЦȻ˸۵ͲŵĶ³壬Ҫڶɽ޶ɽ£춫ɽ飬ҪڶλͶ̲ģʱˣǺܺʵһѡ
ҶͶ˵ܣмµȥأ
£֮󣬾ЩʵҪ˵ȥɽͶʲôģҵǲ֣£ô¶
϶Ų·֮££ûʲôرɣ϶˵ǲǣԱ߶Ҷ˵û˵ɱ˷ŻŲ·ʬʵ飬ʵûʲô˼ġ
ǵ͵۲Ĵ۵յˣҶҶһ䣬Ȼֶ˵ܣ£˵ǲ£
𣿣ˣʱȻ
˵һãȻѩҶӣҲĪҶôúõģҪˣ
˵ɽǵطˮƽҲһѣҶȥ֮󣬲ôץþý裬ˮƽô뵽飬ʲôëأ
϶ǲ˵ˣҶҶĶͷЩСֵ˵һԱɲͷ⽨ˣûзհɣ
ҲһãȻؿҶ֪ΪʲôôֵĽ
˵ʵڵģҪȥɽͶʸڵģܶ۾ģ˵ʲôĻеЩɣô¶أ


792 
ҶҶĻв⣬һ߶źӵѩҲЩҶʲôʱһݷˣ
¶ҪҶү֪ˣûʲôɫġ
ڽҵȻչˣⲢһԱҲŷˣҪ϶ǾԳͻġ
ʱѩĺӺȻˣȻûп֣ѽѽĲ֪˵Щʲô
ޡѩźӣתһ߶ȥˡ
϶ҪʲôģǺܺõľҶͺʽضҶ˵
Ȼ˵Ҷһֱھ̣ҵΪϵͳĹϵУᶯҲǱȽеġ
Ȼ֪ڹڶЩ⽨ŵĻǱȽϹעͽġ
⼸ڽ̺ƭǮƵ˲٣һҲͬһðܶʦĴһ֯ԤıƻǸ֯鴦֯߻򱻾в
Ϊ̫ˣԴӺ̶ܴϣҲӰڽ̻ôҶԺеʿǵӡ󲻼ѡ
ʱҶȻ˵Ҫڶɽиʲô飬ҶȻǲ޳ɵģҲǵҶߵ̫˳еȥˣһҪϸ˵ȰһȰܹȥ
̫ˣϿ𣬵ʵһԳĿҶ˰ֵ֮󣬹ƱعÿֱԹǧŸٹ·ɣֿܻһЩ˵ڣߣľ㣬ҲǺܶġ
ҶҲбȽضԶɽ֮Ԥ;ýǿɽؽܹȽޣᵽĽ춫ɽ뷨ȴǷǳеġ
һڶɽнһ߷ôĽǽɼμӣʱͻᱩǣܿγصβҵ
ǵҶͶ۹ЩˣѹҪԶܵӶʡҪǿ˸ٹ·֮ĻᣬǶںӶʡҵķչ൱Ӱ졣
ҶĿȽϻǣҶȻ֪ǲǷûǮ׬ǵԼɲӰ죬Ǿͽǽһ飬ǽӶʡʡ¡ڸ֮ĹϵԼҪ飬סӶβҵ˼
֮ܶǲöɽǺӶʡҵȫĳ˻ĳŵУһƽСҶԼ̬ȡ
ʵ飬Ѿǵ÷ǳˡ
ֻҪǽعȨУôǶԷͶʽĿȽӴԼҲȫƿס棬ⷽ淭ʲô
ǳȷؾ׬ǮԣҪͨ¢гͲС
ҲΪԭҪɽоһͶʵ⡣Ҷôһ˵ʽ﷢롣
벻ܿ˽˷ģӦ˵ɽдгݷģбȽʽĹٷ塣
лҶгʢ룬Ұ߶΢һ£ȥӶݷҶг˳߿ˣ;ҶĻҲеǾЦŴӦ
᲻᣿Ҷ°ͣƺᵹ˵ӣͶ˵ˣںӶǱ߶ǱȽİɣһСǱ߶гǲȫĿܣ
ҶˣҲɵö࿴һۣҲ˵
ҸĽӴȽˣлĻԿķӦǱȽƽ
ҶȻΪʲôԸ飬Ҳ֪ʶȤˣǾ˱飬ᵽܸͲҵѾ˹̣ÿˣ˴Ѳѡ
Ҫǹڵг󣬸Ƚ϶ࡣ˵Ҷг¶Ҳ뵽ҪͶҵзչڵһ뷹ǰҶгءҶгҪʲôԸҲߣ
ߣҶ⻰֮治ɵø棬źɫȹһۣƥŮ£ߵ龰ɵø˷ܡ
ˣⶼʲôء
Ҷҡҡͷ˼ջȻҵչ״ѯûʲôͶʴ㣿
ҲпǹʢˣǮ죬࣬ҲߣͶʽȽϴ֮⣬ҲʲôȱˡҶ˵
볬ʮԪԼʲѸͣƵ˽ףʲӦܹʮԪ
ʱףҪʽܼͲҵǱȽϷģϾʵⷽ澺ˣʵǷëǣһҲûôһӿôҵͶ뵽ͬһҵȥ
ЩǮҲףҲţó顣˵
ǮˡҶ֮ЩԲλˣļƻҸеԼ⼸궼ˣһһ׬öࡣ
Ҷ˾ЦϴҲûɥʵҵзչģļ棬ǷչҵöģֻҪ굽ʮܸ꣬ڵңҲɵ顣ö׬Ǯ֣ûбɵ𣿡
Ҷˣǵ˵ͷ˵ҲǣҾϲȦڣĻ;Ļôɸɣ
Ҷӣ治˵˾ЦȻǲΪҶǸ¡
ҶҵƻҪ쵽ҲôأԼʵȷʵȽϾˣҲȽϺãܡ
˵Ҷľǿɲܹȵģֻ˵һٳϵĹ̥
뵽ղŵ飬ҶȻǸ߻õ飬ͻȻһͶὫԭļƻȥ𣿡
ͶʶҪ¢϶ɽеԴ˵һӽλ۵ͲŵĶ³δؿϼƶȥˡ
ġҶˣЦЦ϶ȥģ޷Ǿ̸гٵѣ룬ʡӦҲȽͷۣ¡ʡλĶ³Ĺϵǲһء
Ҷ޶ɽºͽ춫ɽϣѾ˺ܶĹҪֺӶʡԴľҲǿԿõģȻǰڶô׼Ȼ˵ͿԷġ
˵ˣڸ۵̽λҪϰܸһëͷСӣҲǹȥġ
ҶƣȻЩִıժӣΪܹ˳ԼļȶĿ꣬Ҳֻűˡ
¡ʡǱ߶ȥ֧ȣȻСֽĻҶ϶ܵʡһЩѹġ
ҶԴҲһ׼Ǻܵһ㡣
ң飬Ϳ˭ʵǿѡ


793 ɻϵط
ϣҶɻǡ
УһУڸʾĴ£һ࣬ѾлصǣǱ߶ýӻ
ôôȥģеʡҶ˷ɻ֮󣬾͸һԵ۵ǴԼһԱǼһţ๤
ǰҶһЩԱʱ϶ѾжˣеҶŽŹеھзչֻ֮ҪⷽԸǿģҶȻһѡ
ǵҶȥеЩˣʱ϶ǴɲˣǱȽѵõ顣
ǵձ鲻Ҳʮңķչǰ;Ƿǳġ
ǣҶͬҲĿǣֻо֣ҶȻְܹ֮㣬ǴһЩõȴûа취ֱŪϾоֵĹҪϸˣĸֳûôȨޣоֵ¹
ǣǼṤҶǿġ
ǲˡͱʾʵǸŶ٣ǱȽɵģҲãǷȥģҲƽ£ҪˣЩӦ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪˵ҲûǴо֣Ϊ߲ṩȫĻҪڽŶˡ
ܿģսǹָϵðȫΪͷȲĿˣܵõĴλᣬԵøעĿһЩ
ҶͻȻһغ˹Ҷע⡣
ͷһͼſսƷЦ˹ϴžϲɫ
ЦŰɫƵĶ£Ǻչ˾ıʶ洩ɫͲȹɫ˿Ͱ߸Ьϻϵһǹ˾ı־˿װõġ
ļЦԵøϸˣͷԺһŶ÷¶˾µĶһöĶЩ⡣
ЦԵͬҲͬװ磬ֻ΢ҪһЩǰĹĵģҪЦ룬Ӧй̶ѵ֡
⵹ˣôǷһģҶЦʱЦ˵
ǵǵĺ⼸ȻܹˡЦ˹ҶѰȫϵϣɽŶ˵ǿȽ϶࣬ҪðȫȫһҪϵõġ
ҵûô˥ɣҶЦ˵
һҲǴӾǵǵĺ࣬;⵽˼Ӱ죬౻л䣬ҲһΣҶЦʶˣһһ·Уǵ顣
֮ѾüˣȻҲͨ绰ûټ棬ڷɻȻЩ˵ġ
ɻǺܳ顣ЦҲ뵽˵ʱ龰رҶΪѾߵ˵ľͷ˭֪·תΪģɵЦϻ¶һ˼ı
ЦҶҲǸеЩģмίǣְλȻ䵽һʮͷϣŵ顣
㻹𣿡ЦЩʵ
ѾˡҶЦŻشȥɽдгˣһ˳ȥǿᣬ֮Ҫضɽȥ
гȻЦ֮󣬾Щզ࣬û뵽ҲܹʶôĹˡ
Ц˵Ӧףٵġ
Ҳûб䣬㲻٣鷳¶һЩҶҡҡͷԺȥɽĻҴ绰Ҹ㰲źãһ֮ꡣ
ðû׼һζǹ˾֯ԱȥɽģиȪܲģǹ˾Ķλ֮һЦʹӦ
ҶͷгòְȻ֪ɽлĺõط
ЦҶĻʱЦǿɲأ֪ɽʲôȽҪĵط˺ʲôģȻгҪ˸ܿˡ
˵öԣȥ֮ҾͿʼһ¶ɽеϡҶͷ
⻰Ȼ˵һ˵ǰһǹ˲ϴЩ飬󲿷ֵͷʹ¶Ѿˣôøúúõһ¶ɽеˣϸ˽ⶫɽеʱ
ҶѾǳеظоԼڶɽе˽̫ˡ
ΪһλгȻǴģǶԼϽûгֵʶȷʵܲӦá
Цͬת뿪ȥóԵĺȵĶ
Цû뵽Ȼʶλ˧Ŷʲôʱ飿ͬ§ЦļЦ
һѩʱ˼ҿɲʲô˧磬ǶɽеĴгءЦͬ˵ʶʱֻǵļίǡ
ôгͬˣȻǴһ
ߴߴһӣȻЦͬų˹Ƿַʳϡ
ڷɻ棬ΪѹĹϵЩ˿ܻòʣ򵥵ķǲͣؾ׽ҲǳԶԻⷽĲʸУͬʱҲ磽ѹԲǷ񼢶սǶᾡԵߺȵ
ҶҲҪЩԵãȻг֭ʲôġ
ȵչЩ֮ЦҶ߶Ա߶ĿսλбҶԶ
Ҷ㻹ǵϴҽԺ𣿡ЦȻʵ
ţ˵ľǸ̥ɣҶʵ
ҶȻǵõ¶еǳ˷ˣ˹ץǴ̥Ū
ʱҶЦȥҽԺǱ߶Цĸף飬ԾͲֹһ£ȥԺߡ
ֻǺҶæ飬ûй˵ٹעĺչ
ʱЦ飬Ȼһֱڹעŵġ
ôˣѵ֪ҶЦƺܹ飬Ǿʵ
ͥͽˡЦشмŸһЩǮǳߣ˳ˡ㣬ǵǺô˳ģʱмŵĸˣҪֵ׵ġ
Ҷ˵ͷЩŵĸ˵뷨Ǿܵض飬ʵڶסˣŻЭӲҶĻ¶ʲô治˵
ҽԺô¶ͽʵ⡣
ܹͥͽ⣬һ⳥ǲˡ
ȻҶͬȨΪ񣬺ܶ÷ɽǵòʲôģҪ治ɱ⡣
ҶҲȨı׶Ҳܴһ˵Ȩڷ֮ϵʱ򣬾ͻᵼºܶصĺҲпܻᵼ¸ĸĳ֡
Ӹǵļǿƽ裬ҵķξ쵼־ǿڷ֮ϣʵȡ


794 Ҫץʱ
ͷȲȷʵûмˣЦǸͬҶԱ߶λϣһûһظ
Ů飬ɻҲо̫ġ
ֻԱ߶иʮӣ;еҶǣôŮս㶼Ҷ߶أ
ҪλҶԱ߶Ҷ
ӽǿ⣬Ƿ˸ֲĵģ⻹ǱȽϺһҲаʮĽˣǻòһˡ
ȻԱǿҶԼڶɽͲɵЩզǵĸãоȻͷȲգӿǲеġ
ǿҲԱģֻʮھͳˣҲԼĵһͰڵҲиǧҲǮˣֻѾƾӾˣΪҵ
ҲеǮѡҶش
ϵرǿϴģЦǲ٣ʱضŮӿЦš
ʱھһ˾򹤣칫һ쵼ƽһ⼸ƽǳȥ죬ƺ̵ֳ㶮ģ쵼ƽǽһ㣬ȥֲɾĳǿ˵
ҶЦŵ˵ͷʾܹ⡣
ھмǮأֻܹƵصҹġ
һգǼȥưӡǿ˵ͻȻһָͬһӵұĿү˵ƣ쵼
Ƿһͬ£ϹĹۣ쵼˼˧ǿ˵Ȼ쵼ȴ쵼߷ƣǱ͵һƬ
գƬ˾쵼٩˵쵼ǲиʧɢֵܰǿ˵쵼˵ô֪ģ轲и磬һûʱ͹ĸ˼ˣóƬ쵼쵼Ƭ㿴ʮ֮ˢˣΪİ쵼ҵʧɢֵܣ˭֪쵼˵è˸ģҵ
ˣʱЦ˵˼
˵ʱ͹÷ɿ죬û÷ɻ͵ǻϿա
֮󣬳˿Ǿʹͨ˳ȥ
Ҷ·ɻ֮ǰЦ˵˼仰Ÿ
ˣɵˡһؿҶЦѾͷǲ˼ˣ
˼ʲôǷأЦһ۵һû棬Ѿﲻס˰ɣ
СѾͷʲôСʤ»飡ȥЦĸ֫ѶŪЦͣ
Ҷ˷ɻ֮һ·˳
ʾѾų棬Ǿӭ˹
ȥǱסȻȥʡίһɽǡҶԸһ˾ɱǱݣס
˵ϢһӺҶ˿ʱ䣬ϰʱ䣬Ǿ͸ɽǰѵ绰˹ȥ
Ҷ˰ܺáɽǽӵҶĵ绰֮ƺǱȽϸ˵ӣ͹ɣЩһ£Ƿܹö
õģǡҶͷӦ
еĸо˵湻ģҪʡίǣһ绰飬Էһڼӣа԰
Ҳ֣ҶڸʱѡҶ͸¡ڵʽҪˣɽһЩţҲҪĻƽܶǾͲˡ
ûʽӶʡĴʡ֮ǰɽͬ־ʡһģԴȨգһԾŶҲںӶʡȨʢӡ
ҪĻᣬһЩûо飬ʵˣʡ¡ˣʡ߶Ĺ֮󣬻Լ֮ǰûһЩ룬Ͷ˷Ʊ
ĻͱЩ鷳ˡ
ԣܽһ鷳Ҫһ鷳ʡԺġҶ˵
ԭ˰֮ŻȻ
ΪһʡǣҲôõģ鶼ҪҪץɲ齨裬ҪΪ˸ϰյ߶ʲô⣬ͬҲҪϵ
ͷ۵飬޷ǾǷ˰Ƹĸ͸ٹ·衣
飬˰Ƹĸ϶ѹģٹ·ҲȫʡεҪĿ㲻õĻǻᱳϺܴġ
ɽܹӶʡ֮ĵһʵϾҪһͨ򶫲غĸٹ·ˣô֮ںӶʡľӪΣںӶʡȫͼ棬һصķš
һ·ʵϾǸӶʡڷװһ˫֮Ҫ޷
ӶڷɣȻһ·ͿԴͨġҶ뵽һЩ飬Ͷ˵˼ϵؾɺͽҲһܴ⡣ǲɷϵǣŵϵķĴ֮˼ϵĽҲɶһϰ˼ϵĽ֮Ҳǵȫѵʱ򣬺ӶʡľýٶȣҲﵽһǳ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ĥһҶ˼;öٵĻȻе
ϷգȻ׷գҪ¸֮·ҪƳľǾϵôҪôҽӴϢôһٹ·ȻʵһĿѷʽ
ȻǣҪ븻·
Ȼ֮ͨˣ仰壬ָͨı
˵绰֮ɽǾͶʡί鳤ӽ˵Ҷܿ͹ǰѸٹ·öˣҪˡ
ӽˣ͵ͷͬǰ¶ӦͶˣȻϱ߶ѾˣôʡҲӦð鶨Ϳʼֽаɡ
ɽڸͬ־ͷ˰Ƹĸּۻ۵ʱ򣬾Ѿö˺Ӷʡٹ·飬Ҳȷͨʷʽʽ⣬Ժ˿϶ͬʱɽ貿ڵԤ㣬ԺӶʡ·֧֡
Ȼ˵㲻ʲôǼɽǴӺͬ־ڣҲĸڵʽˣ˵ʣµʽȱڣǾ͵ҶԼˣӦ顣
ʱɽҪ춨´Ҳϣʡ¡ھ֮ǰöʡԼóʡλ֮󣬸һЩ⣬Ӱ쵽ӶʡȺڳеĴ
Ӷôһ¸·Ѿ̫ãҪ̵ʱڣŵӶһݶĴɽǶӽип˵
ӽˣҲеܵĸо
һٹ·ɵĻȷʵܹͨӶʡĳڣظı״Ӷʡյ״̬ᾭ÷չǳҪӰ졣
ɽǹȻĿ־ԶȻ·Ĵۺܴ󣬿ܳҪʮڵľ޶ʽ֮⣬ҪϺܶΣͣڷ֮еĺӶʡȣЩֵõġ
ܸôһλ쵼Ҳ¡


795 Ǿһӣ
Ҷʡίʱɽǵغףš
ſѾʮλɲбȽͬغ˵
Ҷغ׾վӭҶгǺ鳤档
лˡҶͷ΢ЦȻ˽ȥ
˼ˣǲʶҶģЩʵλʲô
ɽеĴгҶͬ־ǰмίǵģɲغ׵Ҳ鷳΢ЦŸǽ͵
ôᰡž͸ѧһʱ˾;
ҶгͣͲ󡣡غ׻һ
˵ҶغҲЩĽģɽôãҲǸѣ;˳ŵУǸгѣʡ棬һЩȽʵȨ浣θְ
ȻˣɽǶĻҲųһʡȥĴĥ
һĲ𣬺ܶ˿һӶȥ
غ뵽Щ⣬治ɵЩԱ߶˸˵ҲܹĲɡ
ʵɽ⼸꣬غױĶѧûУԼҲǺƽ״һ㣬ѧ˵ģҲΪ洦۶Էĸǳغ׶ںӶʡĹٳеķܺã˵ӡ󲻴
ɽ͸¶ĿڷƺҲȽ⣬ȥθ
ʵ͹غױ˵˵ڲλòǺܿأϣȥɽݵĹ⻷ãķչ϶ǿԿõģǴᣬδе˷ѡ
غ׺ڲ棬ȻҲְֻλȻҲʵݣȴûִӻĻᣬķչҲԱȽխɳչԲǿ
غױ;չϻһЩ׳־ģԲ뷨
ȻܸʮҶᲢۣѾʮˣǸĴȴҲѵãҲȽأܹŵʵλ϶һǿ֮ġ
õȥȻҶһµؼȥһְλг֮ģϧǺӶʡЩ棬һܲһӣɽҲδؾܸʵλ
Ȼһζɽегѳ״ɽǸˣλȴ䵽ҶͷϣᣬغȻǸеЩźģҲеɽƫģԼ鲻ġ
˵쵼ˣľǱģеʱ򻹱ȥһЩ쵼ǲ飬νŻѪ
쵼ȥţһҲǷǳĵģǷ˴󣬷ĻõһȽźĴҲǳ깦
һζɽгѶ٣ǹغ׵һûᣬԼҲЩ֪֪֮ڵʱ£ɽûѡԼҲеġ
ϾغͷϵǩģԵһ
ɽطеаԶûеµˣѹסֵµЩˣغɽ߶Ǵùãȴȱɱϵ
ҪѹסɽеЩˣͱһִ󽫷ȣһǷȱġ
һһҲҪǾǶɽеƲȣ»ʲôûб飬һгλ֮Щһôѹסġ
ʱȥְ˵Ӱ쵽ɽǵӣӰͻȽϴˡ
ϵĿǣɽȻغȥɽգֻὫǿӲҶɹȥʵѡ
һ֮󣬹غ׾;Լ˺ܶࡣ
ʵ쵼ǵ棬Ȼһ˳ӣʲô˸ôʹã·ģغȴ̫ʺϻĵ⽣ӰǰɽǸŵĲλãľΪְλ
ɽУʵǾһӣ
Ҷ߽ɽǵİ칫ңͨ䣬档
칫洰ʰ÷ǳϸ£صĴʱ˺üȴɴбȽǿķν칫ıֽļûͣ
¥Ķ治ԶһӣȻļǺķ紵ܻһЩˬĸоԶⰻȻȥһĿĸо
İ칫йӦ˵߹Чʵġ
Ҷ߽֮󣬾Ϳɽ鳤ӽɳ߶ƺʲôϵ⣬ʱһͼָָģȻЩ󲻶ӡ
Ǻã鳤áҶ֮󣬾ʺ
ǺǣҶͬ־ðһ·ˣȱ衣ɽǼҶ̾ЦŶ˵ȻԼվҪݲ衣
鳤ӽȻûϴЦݣɵҶеЩ㵣֪λô¶ѵҪɽԶݲ裬ܹԵҶô
Ҷ϶ܹôֵģʡίɽǵķ̾Ͱס˲ɽ˵ҿɵݵĲ衣
Ȼ˵˵ݲҵĹҪλöˣݲˡ
⻰ҲԴޣɽȷʵôЩ̫鷳Ĳ衣
ǰʱɽڿϹǸʱȻҲȲ裬ǺȵĶִҶ裬ץһѲҶŵ棬ˮһݣһ棬ŨŨغһ󱭣ֽⷦʣʵá
ڵЩҶɽǺ˶ζˣʺθڡ
ץͰҶϣδܹȳʲôζһҲ񫡣
ЩȽ鷳Ĳ裬͸ûʱȥźˣϴҶݷʱɽǻģǳƵϹŶļƷն衣
ⶫģȻҲͲֵ֪Σ׾͸Ҷ
ҶܿŪˮȻʼϴ衢ݣ裬Ȼλ쵼˹
⵹е˼ˣҶͬ־ݲ裬ȷʵйֵġ鳤ӽлһ
ôһξǵг̳û˳ɽǽӹҶݹĲ豭Цʵ
ҶԼҲһ裬͹֮󣬲Żشг̳˳ֻ¡ͬ־ƺеȲҪΪӶˣھǾͰѴټһפŪ˸磬ҽ˸۵ͲŵĶ³
ҲǺ¶¡ͬ־ܹӶҼϵĵҲɶˡɽЦűʾƺ¡ھǵЩС޽黳֮⡣
ǣ㲻塣Ҷȹ˱еĲˮȻͶɽ˵
壬⻰Ҫô˵ɽôһǣİ˿ڣҿǾͽˣгʮĴг⻹ģɽҶĻƺҲǺ⣬Цطʵ
⻰ҲǺŪһˣɽǵط治һܹסġҷŵǰҷŵ˻ҵĸое⽹ˡҶرʾɽУǾһӣ


796 ⲻķ
⻰ҲǺŪһˣɽǵط治һܹסġҷŵǰҷŵ˻ҵĸое⽹ˡҶرʾɽУǾһӣ
⻰棬ٵģǰҶԹԸйˡ
ʵϣҶŪɽȥؿ¹ʿʼٵɽегδ˿ҶҪȥġ
Ĵ㣬мίǵλϣúõشϼְ꣬λĳȻȵʱıȡһĵط׳λã˵г֮ġ
ôһĻʱҲжʮģȻȻǾеᣬǾڹٳϵĥ׵飬Ӧöˣ֪ĻҲ֪ˣϤ¹ϵҲϤˡ
ʱٽһгְλҶþˮɣûʲôѹ
ʱζɽУȫһȻӳĽɫһĵؼУİٶ˿ڣҪδȱκ˶ûʮɰյġ
ɽǶϰŵѵÿճλϣⶫɽеĸӣǱҶҪصöࡣ
龰ҶȻҪԹһġ
ҶӦùľ棬ǲͶŷǳ⣬ȫпܵõһɵְλӣȡ
ɽҶĻûֻЦ
鳤ӽˣҲ˿ҶĿ֮Щ죬û뵽Ҷô׹ˣ֪ɽегȷʵǸֵɽȻĺܺóԣûĻҲᱻ̵ֺ͵ġ
ȻˣӽҲɲɣҶǵõ˵ָ㣬˵λүӺףﶼǹȦĶڣվǵĸ߶ϣȻɽǽҶŵɽȥʲô㣿
תͽͷˣ˵ҶҪҶүӺҶƽĻôҲͲôڵλá
ԶҪСˣΪԶ֪ǵķչǱж
̫棬겻ʦһѧѣ˭ܹõʮܹҸһ췭ظòգ춨ǿʢĻ
˭Ҳ˵ĪʮʮӶ
Ҷͬ־ôеġӽһ£ĳضҶ˵гλãȫʡҲôʮѣÿһִ˿ڷչȨҪְλɽǶأʡί쵼ǶΣôܰİ˿ڵĳУ棿
˵ӽ鳤ⷬǱȽʵڵģϾĻᣬǻӣҲкܶ˼Ҫġ
Ҷ˶ɽдгλãҪʾԼίˣе˱˻ҪԵζˣ϶˲ġ
˵ˣɽеĿԴḻȺˮƽʡҲϣչǱ޴󣬽úþӪĻڷָ֮տɴӽ˵Уһٹ·֮ͨҲɽо÷չٶȣ㻹ʲôأҶͬ־Ҫı
Ҷ鳤ӽһ˵λ鳤ȻǸɽһǿ׳ģм䣬ȫǻŽأɽпóһ仨ˡ
鳤˵ĵǺãȥǱ߶ȫҶЩƵؽûи೤ҲˣίᶼЩҪĹҲûȥȥһ˶ǣ¡ͬ־Ҳ˰ָһ۵˹ң˵𣿡
۵ңʲô˼ӽЩʵ
λκӶʡʡ¡ͬ־ӽ˽Ҳ٣ֻ֪¡ͬ־ǴǱ߶ĸɲǰǵʡģһοǸ
Ȼµı󣬲Ǻӽܹжλ¡ͬ־ͷҲչ˵ģĻʺλõ˺ܶ࣬ҲڷҪӸʡһ˹
¡ڸ߲ĹϵǱȽϸģϾӶʡԴʡԴʡڶϰڽɽӰ춼ܴģһˣıǺʡλӡ
۵ͲţǶɽеԴˣһҶҲܼʲôֱӾͽھǷһЩ飬ɽǺӽ鳤˵һͨ˵飬ԾҪԴ¢ôܴӦ
ͶڣܲʲôܴӦأɽЦʵ
Ҷرʾǣ鳤һ룬Ϊһ׳ҪΪϽȺڸεģҲҪΪϽҵҵλԼʲεģǾӪõʲֵˣȺԣˣҵҵλչˣôǵľӪǳɹģǵĹҲǳְģףֻǮͰѹҵԴˣȫеԴ˼Ҹ¢ϣȴ̲ʲôôǺϸĹ𣿡
ɽǺӽ鳤Լ˵ֲͶڣϣڵõʮڵĻرôһͶʣǿġԷͶڣȴϣھ͵õʮڵĻرԲҵ¢ˣ¢ϣǶɽеϰղģҲǶӶʡҵģ
˵ȥɽǵͷʾ˵
ڸƣʵϾͨǿҵľ¢ϣҶ˵Ǹ۵Ͳŷ棬ȻҪڶɽȦصģ¡ͬ־ƺ۵ͲŵĶ³ֹϵҲȷʾ˶Ͳŵ֧֣ҪǶɽд֧֣ôһѵ˵ҲòָѶɽеԴּ飬벻ͨġ
ɽǺӽ鳤ˣЩȻȻû뵽¡ھȻôȣûʽΣͿʼ˶ںӶʡĲ֡
δȻȷôȵҪͨͲռ춫ɽеԴԭҲֻһǾǿ;ɽĺӶʡٹ·
Ȼ·ڹ滮֮УǺȻһ·֮ΧĵȻΪͨڣҵֵ
Ը۵ͲȻ˵ڶɽ𣬷չҵʵȴпȦأͼͨռ൱ĵؿΪԺһЩƻ̵档
ҶΪǵЩ⣬ԾͶ¡ڵıЩʱǱԹ߿࣬Ҳ¡
ѹ˵ʲôɽоһӣȻԳ״ȷ°
Ҷͬ־ɽзչҵ飬϶Ҳһʱܹģʡ϶д̣ڴ֮ǰ㻹кܶҿɲţõҶ٣ô¶ûУⲻķ񣡡ɽǵһȴӽ鳤ɴ۾ҲҶе㵡
Ҷû뵽ɽǵķƽ׽ˣҶĻ˵ˡ
ǲôɽǵϣȷʵӵһֺǿĸȾ


797 õȨ
ҶȻеɽǾȻҶĿںȷʵȫûбԻŪΡ
ǵ˼˵ڶɽҲһЩ飿Ҷǳѯʵ
ǶɽеĴгȨҲȥΪɽеķչѧߡɽ˵
ͺãҾǵԼֺã仰ҾͿԷ˼ʼŬˡҶͷʾ
Ȼ˵˶˵ûӪĻǻ˼Ǻġ
Ҷ˵һЩ飬ȻЩëƤС£ָζɽίǵ֮ǰҪԶɽеĹٳһ٣ȻίǣҲǹίǡгְ
ڶɽйٳ棬ҶĹְ󣬵λߣᣬɽеĹ˳Ļȵζɽίǹ֮󣬻ôһ¶ء
Ҫȡɽǵ׿ϣǷԶɽйٳ١
˵ɽйٳķӦŲأڶɽûʲôأȫһ쵼ȫȷɣʱʵѵʱȵ¼Ӱ֮ЩĻҪ±ˡ
ҪעⷽʽɽǾòģɵּһ
ʵ϶ҶҪԶɽйٳֵ뷨ɽеģӽ鳤ҲܵģɽҲҶһ䣬ɽе⣬ʡ滹ϣܹнʱȣֻܸµʱ䣬֮ίǹȥȫ쵼ɽеĹ
Ҷ֮ĥһ£;µʱ䣬ȷʵܹܶˡ
ʡίµȨӦ˵Ӻܴˣµʱ䣬Ȼ˵һܰѶɽеĹٳٵķǽһЩĸɲһЩںܾõҿӣһһһܹ쵽ġ
ǶɽеίѡʡίǷѾ˾İţҶԼǱȽϹ⣬Ǿ̲סʵ
Ҷͬ־ҾҪˡɽǶ˲豭һڣضҶ˵ʡίû֮ǰǾܣôҴá
ҶһʱͷӦˡ
ʡίľҲֻʡίίǲʸ˽ģǻܴ£͸ֿʱ¼ĶֳԱһҪϸִбģȻ˵
ôһʣеԵòˣҶ̾ͱʾԲǣʧˣҼ֡
ţ㻹⡣ɽǿҶ̬ȣʱʾķӦͷ˵ɽе飬ϣܹã̸һ̸ڸٹ·Щ鶼ö
Ҷɽǵİ칫棬һ硣
֮ǰרŶӵķͿ̽Ѿó˼·ߵķ棬һɽǺҶϸо⼸ϸݣӵλԼú͹Ѷȡʽķ棬ϸؽ˹ͨ
ȷҶŵıܿɽеĴ󲿷ֳķ¹غӶʡ÷չֵĸٹ·İ嶨
ʽ棬ʵ֮ǰ࣬ǿǵҪôǨЭʱԽʡ¡ҶЦŶɽ˵
˴ģĲǨعѹҪٺܶģҲԽͷųܵȥһЩķĹ
ܹⷽǰ¿Ƕ໨ڣҲǺģϾõĻرҪԶ
û뵽춼ˡӽ鳤һɫʱЦ
ɽҲ˸չչ󱳣˫ֲ΢Ť˼£ȻȵҶЩп˵ܰ㿴˼ҶгзɣɲữȷģǾɶˡ
ӽͷشȷʵˡ
ӽ鳤Щˣʡһ쵼˶ʮˣôЩ˸õȥأǰݽ׶Σؼϣ
Ȼǲܵ飬ҶôأʵҲǷëǣһץһѵġ
ǲô˵鳤ҶӡҲиĹۣΪںܶ෽涼г׵Ŀ⾫׼λжǿȷʵǸӡ
ʵϣӽ鳤еַϵһЩٶ֮⣬ҶǷŵ˸ʡְλϣҲʲô⣬߻ܹܶ˶оҵ
ϴй˵Ѿа֮ˣȻûеõĸĹֱۣǰһϳ쵼ɲƵ뷨ʵʵʩ֮״ŵõ˺ת
潲ʱȷʵӦý˵ʱˡ
ĺľ̬ײݣȻǳҪ
Ե߰ɡɽǿһҶͶ˵ʡί߶ĲҲܷ㡣
Ҷһ»ƴɽǵĺ⣬ˣϻԼ̸ģҾͲˡ˵鳤쵼һԷҲǺܵþ
⻰ҾͲˡɽЦѵ˵ϼһԷθڶûˣ
ӽ鳤ˣʱ﷢ЦɽǵĻеЦá
ϸһ룬˼ҶôᣬȨƣбҹ϶ҲǷǳḻģľδԸЩͷǻһʲô˼أ
ˡҶȻô˵ֻܽ͵еľгԼҪһиֳĸ⣬ΪҺܿҪضɽУ߶Ҳϲãλ쵼ˡˣ´ιʡǣλ쵼Է
⻰´͡ɽˣЦŻͷӽ鳤˵ȻŶҶ˵ȻԼ͸Ͻȥɣʡ˼ľгȵòˡ
⻰˵ġҶʱɫΣ˵ղɽͬ־ֻǿЦĻеΪϲˣû˵
ȥȥɣҪȥͣҪȥԷˡɽǻ˻ֵ
Ҿ͸ˡҶվλ˱Ȼ˳
ķÿǣͱغ׸ˡ
ʱĹغŶȣɳ濴ʱ䣬죬ʱվ
Ҷг̸˺üСʱغ׽£ȻЦŶҶ˵
ҶЦŸغ֣Ȼ˵̸һҲûעʱ䣬һ۶ˡ
һԵ¡غ׶Ҷ˵
ˣаšҶشǺ鳤ƺˣϽкһȥɡ
ģⶼߵˣ쵼ͶˣøϽ׼ǡغˣʱЩżҶ˸кȻ߽ɽǵİ칫ҡ
ҶЦ뿪ʡί˸ʾĳ֮󣬲Żջ
еջ񣬾ǵõɽǵȨԶԶɽеĹٳһˡ


798 ߵĴ
ʿٴӴʱѾǻƳϵʱ֡
ϣ壬Ӷʡδʡ¡ڳȥ飬ʿپðǾھƵķ油
мˮʱ淢һŲɫӡˢƬ
ʿһ£־ִŽϢнţΪƵĿ˽ʱŮѵ顣
û¶ʿپ绰˹ȥһѯ֮󣬾ҪĦļʦ
ȻǿõģǰǰСʱŪʿٶˣͷڴ˯˹ȥ
һɾһʱ䣬ʱ̧˿ȫͷѾߵˡ
Ů˹ڴϣ˲ľһ𣬽ʿٸм䡣
ʿЩشЩ֫彻ѳ˴Լ˱ˮ֮;Щʹĸо
Щߵ䣬򿪵ƣȻڿϸһԼСܣͷִʱѾЩˣȾϵѾɺԵҺ壬ȻɢһɱȽŨصȳζ
ܳб˰ɣʿһʱе
ϵʱ˵ƣȻʱӻ˷ܶȣǿڴϰ¶ʱ䣬߿ֵĸоҲӰ쵽УҲеٻ¶ʱȻûע⵽⡣
ʿе󣬴˷Ĵƣߵ߶ϣǳ³ؽһŮӸȸַֿϸһۣʱһӡ
СȻЩģַƬ濴˿ȻһЩõļġ
ҹʿٴΪջһһŮߵ˴£·ҹ
ǮץһǮӵ˵ϡ
Ů˯㣬Ժر˸˴ҪأͿʿϵĳƱʰ·뿪˷䡣
ŮĦʦ֮ʿپЩ
ڸ۵ĻЩСȻȽ״ڴ½߶ȷʵϤֻ˵½߶ҽԺȽģԼѾȾ˲ɾĲҪץʱεʱ
ǸǲùͨĻᵢ飬Ҳ鷳
Ҫһ㣬ʿٲϣԼ鱻й¶ȥΪ۵ͲŵĶ³ӣڴ½ȾԲϢƻܿصڵģӰܴ󣬽ȥĻᱻǰġ
ĴپԼǶǸ˵ģͿʼĥţҸ˽˵ȿһ£ȻҸڻظ۵ȥԼ˽ҽרŴ鷳
뵽ͿʼϴˮЩϸϴһӣȻЩۣΪ˱סˡ
һīϣȻͳ˷䣬һڣһš
ǴƵ߶һϣò͵˾ͺܶ࣬¥Ĵһ¥Ĵ棬ѾΪ
Ĵٸճ˵ݵţͿһ¥̨һԣһλīŮӣרעڷڱֽıֽ̬ţ˹Ŀ
ľݣҲԷĴټˣʱһ
ľݣʿѾ˽⵽֪λŮǲöԸģ¡ڣû£ҲܾͶһŮгʲô顣
ҶȻǮҪԴ½ĹԱ֣ҲõһԼʵǲλŮг
Ĵٺ߹ȥ׽ǿĴʹУʵ޷ֻǱ߶һۣһͷŴȥ
顭
ĴٺȻԼײʲôˣһӾʧȥƽ⣬ˤ˹ȥ
ʯĵذʵЩ̫⻬ˣڿ򻬵󣬿Ƕʧȥƽ⣬㵹ȥ˶ԣֹȷʵǺΣյġ
ֻúһ˵ĴٵǰֱðǣղһˤģԿͷϵʹеǲ࣬Դе𵴵ĸо
ð죬ĴٲڱڵİԴ滹еΣŶվЩ֪ĿˣĴҪǳƽһʱ򣬺ȻͷľǱ߶ͻȻһˡ
Ǹ˺ɵľݵӶ棬ƺѾʼ˽̸ľϵıǸǷǳϤġ
ҶĴٻЩµģȻֻһӰ̾ϳҶݣɵЩҧгݵ
һᵽҶĴٵͺ޵ܹ
뵽ھʱ飬ٿЦ̸еҶľݣĴٵǶµûţϲóޣⲻʲô¶ܶҲ֪ģԼľĳ֪Ů֮Ȼ
ƫƫҶľʱʱദͬͬģҲľֵĻᣬĴٸеǳơ
ˣҲھǴӦפӢӦǧķչʽֻҪܹõľݸˡ
ڿӢҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ˼ľݻصǣһ֮λߣкܶԱӢһפΣôҲûпľݵģľݵǵͷϣֿԡ
ǣҪȵʲôʱأ
ĴٿҶıӰľݴīЦ̣־ᣬϸЩҧݱ顣
ôҪҪȥҽԺʱվԱ߶ЩִٵĿ˾Сĵʵ
˵ҲеԹԣԷ·۾ŤͷߣһӾ͸սŵײˣҲǷǳʣֻԷһӾֱͦͦˤڵϣԴذ֮ײţȻˤʵʵ
Ҳе˻ˤʲôôʱǴ鷳
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ڵ뷨ǾҵʵѡܹԼеЩ񣬸ǷֽȥԱԼϵѹ
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ôزصģѵҪʲô˵飿ľˣЦŴȤ
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ʱƷɲľԼҶ
ǳһҶЩɵʵ
ûʲôжζʱ䲻ˣ㳤ûСƷɹһЦ
ֵûУȾƱȽ϶࣬ܵСС;ͳơƶʲôġҶƷû˵ʲô¶ں
ʮٹȥ᳡Ʒƺǲ͸ҶʲôͶ˵
Ҷˣ͸еЩˡ
һԣƷɲӦںӶʡɲǵĴӵ£᳡ģȻ鲿ļںӶʡĸɲǶȥˣ˼һȻڵҶг¶ѧ
˵¡ڵͺܸˣƷɲȻԳˣҲˣһݶ飬˳ˡ
ΪʲôƫƫֽҶйС棬ȴҪķʮӵʱ䣬ŻȥȻǶ¡ڵ¶Ҫ˼ҺӶʡĸɲôأ
ͨĸɲǲ֪飬ΪʡίίԱǣ϶һЩ뷨ģ˵Ʒɲƺ¡ͬ־Щء
뷨ȻǴǵģϾƷɲ¡ͬ־ĻȫûбҪһ˶Ӷ֮ȫԽ
ҸоеˡҶʵضƷ˵
ǺǣСгˣ֪˼ˡƷˣʱһЦȴ¶ȽζƺڶҶĿУһ㡣
ҶƷɲ飬ʱһ̾Ͳ³ࡣ
ӱƷɲٺӶʡ¡ͬ־¡ͬ־Ĵ֧֣Ϊ¡ͬ־Ӷվ̨ġ
ٿ֮ǰĶҶټΪı仯
ʲôʱټҶΪʲôҪʱ˵ʲôǳҪҪ˵Ʒɲ֮󣬿̾Ҫ뿪Ӷʡ
ǲһԭⶼʱټҶҵʱɡ
ôֻ˵һ˺Ӷ֮УǲòģȴԸ˵ԸΪ¡ڳͷվ̨ԾľҶһ¡ڡ
Ȼͨ˲ʡίί¡ڲðҲ㹻ˣӰ쵽ӶʡϲƶԱȡ
ҶȻƷɶ¡Թԭ򣬵ǶϲּģϾ¡֮Ĺϵã¡ͬ۵ͲŶ³֮Ľ飬ҲпӰ쵽ɽеķչ滮
ƷɼʱشݳôһϢ¡ǷȻܹںӶʡֳһǿ̬ȣǾͺ˵ˡ
ôһƷɲְҶƵ˷˼ˣ˭֪ƷɲҶӣǻ¡֮ϵġ
뵽ЩҶɵÿЦ˼ҵΪ˭վ̨ģ


803 ¡ʽ
Ҿ;ãǸġҶƷɲЩε˵
ƷɲҶЦ
飬ҶúģȻ˵ί¶ʶڻĸɲȴ˽෴ȴ¡ڶȽϹ˼ˡ
ⲻʲô¶
Ͼ֮ǰ͸¡֮һЩ죬ȻǴ⣬ǺܶгǶ֪ģټƷôһֶΪ¡ھκӶʡʡվ̨ˣʵȴǱֳΪҶļƣͺ¡ڸеˡ
ΪһǿƵĴʡȻϣԼҶôһǳӲ£µϽǼĸٹ·;һؼС
Ҫ֪ٹ·ĿͶʶʮңʱʮڣǷǳ˵һ֣Ҫ֪ļ۸ҲһൽǮңôһͶ룬ټϸĸãؽγһȺ塣
ΪֱĵؼУɽеλȻҪģôɽг˭ѡͻǳС
ΪκӶʡλõ¡ڣȻϣԼ£ǲˣ˵ҶĻҪĿʵһЩԼ뷨ͺܲˡ
ԣ¡ڶҶʲôøУʹҶĸӲӲĻһ̨֮ĵһ뷨ƾҪҶߡ
ڿƷɱֳ̬ȣ뷨Ͳôʵˣû㹻ܹϲ֮¡ھҶ֣Ȼ˵飬ǰҶߡ
ôһ¡ڿҶͲˣƫƫֶ˵λ¡ʡ
ңҶƫƫǸٹ·Ŀʽܸˣ쵼Сĸ鳤ⷽƲȥ
ʵҲҪģԼıְͿˡƷɲЦſҶ˵Ҳܿű۸㣬ҵæܲܲɣ鲿ӣ˻Ҫġ
¶ҶǴΪͷҲ˵Ǻǻˡ
ʮӵʱܿ͹ȥˣƷɲվҶһСҵϢҡ
ɽǺ¡ͬ־˵ǾЦӭ
λ쵼ȳȥˡҶ˸к뿪ˡ
ȻƷһȥԾͳϻȥ쵼ǵѵ롣
صԼλ֮ľݾ͹еʵû¶ɣ
û¶¶û¶ǿҶ¶滹治һᣬƷɲʹã¡һСΣֶ¡ڵưʵ϶¡ڴΪġ
Ȼ˵¡ƷɲһƢҲûУֻµķݶǶҶԾͲ̬ͬˣһڹʲôëǺ׵飿
ͷ׵ǵ쵼ˡ
ֻҪ쵼˴ëõȨٺõ飬Ҳܹë
ٸ˵ɣĳн蹤ٺãҲܵмѰɣ
ôһҶ;Լٶɽеĸɲ뷨еˡ
ĻЩµ˲Լ¡ڿԴµĴʱһ㣬ԼɾĳԲ˶ˡ
ٳ飬ҲȷʵЩ۵ĵط
˵һϼɵľ˵ĳ˵Ĺ֮ҪıͱȽˣϾҪƷҪܴܹõϾһ֯Ƿǳʽģ൱ϡ
Ҷ͵Ļᷢ飬Լ߶˼ȳʵôȹҲѽӰƲˣֻǹ۵㡣
Ȼˣ϶Ľ
ʵ¡ֻҪûӷ裬ƴǰ̲ҪˣҲܶҶôݵ֣Ҷһŭ˵ίˣίԱҲҪĵġ
Ҫ֪ҶеίԱгίֲһˣ
Ҷ¶᳡׶
ӶʡĳίӣϤϯ̨ĵһţǳίĸʡɲ˺ţνǵҪԱüһãʡҲ˼Կóҫٽ
ƷɲɽǺ¡ͬ־ͬ£Ļ˳ʱø
Ҫ֪ίԱӶʡĻǺ٣ͻȻƹȫɲñӵĴٻ᳡ҵ鶼ǱȽϼġ
Ȼ˼δؾܹϵԼ鲿ͻȻ˺ӶʡҲúӶʡĸɲմմ;û׼һ˳ء
ɽֻ飬˫ѹѹ᳡еʱȻֹóⷽѵˣ֪ʲôʱӦùƣʲôʱӦҹƣʲôʱӦðĵͨ죬ʲôʱӦþòϢĹƣʲôʱӦͣ
ͬ־ǣҵӭίԱ鲿Ʒͬ־ݰָɽͬ־ŻͲ˵
һҵһ֮á
ɽֽѹѹȻ˵ڣҪָʾ
ƷԸ쵼ӶȻ޿׳˵ĻǾָʾ
Ӷͬ־ǣáƷɲǳͰ̬УôҸеǳһڣһҪ
һӣҪϷˡ
¡ͬ־ֱͦӣڳһʱ̬
Ҵͬɽͬ־ȥӶʡְ롭¡ͬ־ΪӶʡίίԱίǡ¡ͬ־ΪӶʡʡʡ
Ʒɲļֽ֮˼Ļ֯Ŷɽͬ־ںӶʡĹ׵Ŀ϶¡ͬ־ϹʱĳɼĿ϶ȻµĹλҪϣǽ佾꣬Ŭȵȡ
ʵЩҲû˼Ӿ˵ˣֻǴڼ䶼÷ǳ棬˹Ʊʾϼ쵼ŵľʾ֧ͬ⣬Ǿĵ쵼
֮ɽҲӶʡί˼仰˼ġ
¡ڴʡʱ򣬴ҲʾһӭλδʡԺܸߵ
¡ڵĽҲйоأ˹ٳϵĹأʾ˶ϼĸлֱʾԼƶӶʡľģֶԺӶʡĸɲ˼ϣȵȡ
Ҷ棬ҲŹ˺ܳʱƣȴҲЩп
¡ڵʽΣڶɽеĹҲҪĻˣϾҪץ幤֮⣬ŶԶɽиɲٵҪ
ʡίµʱ䣬һٵʱ䣬ôôҲܰ˷ˡ
飬ʵҲܹϼڵطִһֿ飬ܲڸ㾭ý֮⣬ڸ֮⣬ܹӦЩĹܲӦɫɫĻɲǣԼִ᳹ȥ
һֿ飬ҶԣȷʵǷǳҪһ;ϵĳɳǲɻȱġ
٣ʡĹϵԺ϶͸ˡҶϯ̨¡ڴʡЩп


804 ·
¡ڴʡ֮ĵ磬Ҷ͸ϻ˶ɽС
һιǴʡίзģʡί֯һɽصͬһΪվ̨
ʵһɽҲ·ϵСʱֻɽ߶İţҲ
һɽ˾ǰµϣ⳵ƽ·ԣһ˶ɽ߶ɽ·ʱ򣬾еԲˡ
ǣҶһɽԼĺԽҰ
⳵ðһɽ֮̾ǰһ޵
ȻǼõģʣԽҰǿ󣬶ʩҲǳãҲú㣬СϿãһɽбźƤ棬оǳ⡣
һɽȵʲôг֭ҲкƣơơҶʵ
֭ɣơǲҺˣԽԽˣǿġһɽЦŻش
ڵ˶ڵٵӡ󣬻Ǻܲǿĳ쵼һӵʱȡЦһ丯ܵĶӣķû̫ĸϾûȫ淢չ֮ǰԱⲻǺأǸ
󲿷ֵĸɲȻҲгԳԺȺȣ֮ܵ飬Ҳǽ˶ˣǮƷⲻʮģϾͻᱻص㶢ˡ
˵ˣڼ̰ºܶǮƣҲǺܷ㣬ϾƲתƱȽ鷳ڹҲû̫ҪǮĵطǱܵĴû̫ҪǮĵط
ǺǣȻҪʶȵıҲҪģû¶ԲμһЩ彡ǱҶһɽ˵ȴõĳ֭˹ȥ
һɽһڳ֭û̩ɵóһȻŶҶ˵ܸ˱Ȱڿϰˡŵӵ̫ʱЩˣڻͷɣ쵼λҲææµµڣȻҲʡĴˣȴôʱ䣬ûһԼģۿٹҪˣ滹еп
һɽδ̫ǫˣ꣬·أû׼һ͸ˡҶЦűʾ
ô׵飬Ͼ仹ǲռƵġһɽҶûаʲôӣЦ˼Ʒɲ¡ʡ֮ǰôҪʱ̣Ҷ˵ĻȥˣҶӰС
Ҷ˵㿴˼ʡʮͷͣǲأⶼʮˣûжٵķչռˡ
뵽飬һɽɵÿҶһۣ۲ѡ
ļҲͰˣƫƫôܸɣͳʵȨɲ뵱꣬ԼĸɲǶˣʮ˰ɡ
Ϊʡί֯һɽķչռȷʵˣҪһҲȡʡʡίǵְλҪְλĿǼСģϾûиĿɽˡ
ΪʡʡίĹؼְλȫҲôʮλãһܲһӣҲڲλô׵õģռǸλãίˣҲǺίУԼڿŵʸûдﵽġ
һɽĽҶҲĽ¡ڣ˼ֱӾʹһǳίĸʡһ˺Ӷδʡҳ˺ίʱпܵݲΪίģĻʡʡתˡ
ʵҲûлģԼŬ֮⣬ҲҪģͿΰˡҶҲûڣֱӾ˵׼˵ģһ޷ϡ
һɽ֮󣬵˵ͷȴЩ
ȻҶȻᣬȴſԸ鲿Ʒ̸Ľ飬ݶǲ׵ģҶϰæĻδؾͲܰǰ¸ӡ
Ȼ˵ЩְλǷǳεģͷˣҲǲȡģĻ¡ڵֲߣôռ˺ӶʡĴʡֿȵλأ
뵽һɽͶҶЩ뷨ֻɽѣǲҪġ
ʵվʡί֯λϣڵطٳкܴӰģϾ֯λã˳£һЩԼĵϵҲúܡ
Ҷгɽеּ֯ģг澯ֳ˽ѣλͬ־ȽǿҶгŶɽеĹܹܿġһɽ룬ͶҶ˵
Ҷ̻֮ҶԶɽеĸɲ治̫Ϥлһɽָˣλͬ־Ҫ׽ġ
ǺǣΪ˹һɽˣ̾͵ͷЦ
һɽʱĻҲҪĶɽеĽ蹤ҶһɽѾ˸ԼõҲʾԼ⡣
ҵĻ᲻࣬ҶгʡǵĻǰкȥһҰ˵ļҳ˻õóֵġһɽЦ
лһҪȥ߶ŵģʱһɽҪҷͺáҶʾ
е飬һɽ˵λҶгԼ׽֮ˣҲԼ͸¶ɽйٳϵҪ
Ϊɽе֯ͶɽеĸгֳǱȽҪģڳίкӦҶҲȶɽо棬άΰϴĹףϾ֯ɲ÷ľ幤ֳгǿߣЩǲɻȱġ
ｻҶǸҶİ
Ȼˣͷһɽ˽Ըλͬ־һĻ߶Ӳϻһ򲻵һȥǾ鷳ˡ
ҶԣҲȽϸ˵ġ
õʡίȨڽ棬ǵһץܶ飬ɲ϶ǱҪģô֯ϣԼͼ׹᳹ȥĻԷֻҪһ־ͿԼĺ಼ܶ޹
˵гֳϣҪٶɽΰĴгԣҲ൱ؼģԷܹЧԼĻǲ¼ؼģ˶ԷϣȻɶˡ
ȻˣһɽȻ⣬λͬ־ǷֵýɣҶԼÿһģ÷ˣǲڽĹˡ
Ϊ쵼ɲʶ֮ǷǳҪġ
ڳϵһǻã鶼Ƚϲ
·ţǰͻȻӶʱͣ
ʲô飿Ҷʵ
ǰ۾⣬ǰţ̾ͷ⡣
Ҷ˵ãɽ廬¾ͺá
ɽ廬µĻ鷳ʹˣпܰ·ϡ
СһЩˣֻǾΣùȥܹġ
ȥزеĻҪƵˡҶ˵
ͨɽ·ֻһֻҪƵĻҪ໨һСʱʱ䣬ܲ㣬ҲȽƣ
õġˣ˳ܹǰͷȥ鿴
һӣܻˣͷ󺹣Ҷгãˣ


805 û
ˣҶˣ̱ͱ
ǰǺܴҲƽ׵ӣҲ׶಻ףһСͿͳ෭ˣ˿ͱ˦˳ء͵
һɽǹȥɣԱҪһµġҶһɽ˵
ãѾ㶫ɽеĵ̶ˣ˵㡣һɽˬػش
ǽӿ˹ȥ˽ǰ
Ҷ˳ȻһɽҲ˿첽ĵطȻһؿ͵СͿͳ෭Ǹ棬бһͷɽ¡
ʮ塢˿ͣʱվ棬˵ʮˣǲ˺ײˣͷѪģⲻأֻλ˿ڿͳ㸲ʱ򣬱׵·ϣͷأѾ˹ȥ
·ͻȻȥҲ֪ôˣ
ˮɽѰ·Ϳˡ
վ׷ۣҲ鿴ߵ򵥵ظ
˾ҲˣûлԣʻһǥĴȣ۵ֱð亹û˵ҪѪܣǸǥҲòҲҪϽҽ
߶ɽ·ϣƽʱúĳСͳˣʱ··϶Ҫʱ·ˣҪĵУֱ߶޺ܹ֮ͨС
Ҷ˹ȥһ֪߶ǻضɽеˣҴ󲿷ֶǶɽлˣǰȥȴû뵽顣
˭ӵˣҶվ˳˵ǶɽдгҶҰæԱ̧ҵĳȥҽΣ
ǻġһͷϲֹѪվ˳Ҷ˵
ãϳȰԱȥҽԺҶ˵Ȼֶ˵ȼһ£ѾܲŴ˵绰ܿ˹߶顣
Ҷгᰡ
۷׷ףȻǾҶ̫ˣеֻ˵ɽһĴгǴûмȻиվǵǰ˵ǶɽеĴгȷʵһֺ𾪵ĸо
λʡίί֯һɽͬ־ҷģڴ¹ʱʾǳУָʾҪ촦߶飬һԱȥҽԺΣҶ˳һһɽҲһ̬
Ȼһɽվ˵䣬ôȶɽз̾ͻ˴¹ֳߵȵȡ
ҲûжԱ̧˺ĳӣһţƹ·棬ǰ˹ȥҲԽҰܱȽϺãӱȽ᫵ɽ·Ȼת˴·ϣɽ˹ȥ
·ϣҶѾӱõļȡ˸ߣֹ߰ѪֻߵɱȽأѾע˼ҩ
ҶгǣҪȻ治֪ô졣ɽлͬ־ľӣǹ£Ǹһģû뵽飬ν֮ˡ
һɽҶ˽̸Ҷָ˼֡
飬ʵϺܶɲǶģǴ绰Ǹط˹Ҳˣܰ߸̧Լĳϣҽεģȷʵࡣ
ϾԱһã˳棬ܶǼɻģԶԸ¶
Ҷǰ˵绰ɽҽԺķӦǺܿģǸս˶ɽͿҽԺľȻѾӭ
ǣȻͣȻҶҲӸͣ
Ҷгһ˴ӾȻӭ˹ҽԺԺ
ԺãץʱߣҶ֣ȻæԱ̧˾ȻȥҽԺһ¡
Щ뿪֮ҶŶһɽ˵ǲ˼յɽ飬һɽȥϢɡ
û¶ɽе·ȷʵЩˣʡ潨ٹ·ľߣǷǳȷģҲǷǳҪġһɽͶҶ˵
ǰ·һֱźӶʡ÷չҪϰ⣬ǵĶ˲ȥĶ˲ӰܴġҶидػӦֻǴǵζ·һٹ·ˣٿԽԼĸСʱʱǽǮڣ̺Ǿ޴ľ氡
ڵľͨʼǹҵĻҵ;÷չҵ
ٹ·˿Ըƹ·ṹ֮⣬дٽʺľϵЧ裬̼ٹ·ľ÷ٺͷչ򾭼÷չͿռݻҪá
ٹ·ͶʣڳҲ棬΢忴ҵʱɺӵġҶһɽ˵ڣƽÿ1ĸٹ·ҪԼ2000ԪҵͶʣĳǰ100ĸٹ·ζŴԼ20ԪͶʣЩ·ķҵչ֧
һɽϸţȻⷽ鲻Ǻܹעٹ·ʡһ󹤳̣ʡίίǿ飬ҲһΣȻҲеһЩݷǳˡ
ʵϣ۹ԶһЩĻܹóʵٹ·ҲһּЧֶΣͶʡӿʡھдٽá
·ͶʾͶʳЧӦͨ䲿оͲ㣬ٹ·ͶʳЧӦ3ңԶĿǰ̶ʲͶʴGDPƽˮƽ
ңٹ·ӵп١ݡȫͨǿŵ㣬ܹϢתЧɱڸռʵԴЧãƺӶʡͶʻٽ߾òҵγɣΪӶʡľ÷չעǿͻ
֮ܶʵڹ񾭼ͬʱҲΪδ÷չʵ˻ڴȶľ㡣
ʵٹ·ǶɽеӰˡһɽЩп˵·һǶɽоڵģʱ򾭼ûǳԵġ
˵飬һɽ;ɽǶҶǷǳ񰮡
Ȼ˵ɽĿǰһЩش⣬˵طȽؾɣôҵȫҲȽϼ֣Ǹϴ⣬ԭгµЩԴҶִ谭ǰҲǷǳġ
Ͼڸٹ·֮󣬻ԶɽеľڷɲϳֻҪ߶ͷ˼·ЧʵҲֻڼ֮ڣһݶʵ䵽Ҷͷϡ
ڽٹ·ĹУҲ漰һЩùĵʵܶ඼ҪӶɽбģҲΪɽбصһЩҵҪķչᡣ
ҶΪɽеĴгƺܿͻôһչĺʱֻҪǰסᣬ͵һ˵ָտɴʱݶ۹ͣûʲôܹס֮·ˡ
һɽ¶;ԼҶڵѡ


806 ֻܺܶ
ҶǵĳǰһСžϹĶɽигֳ˽ѡ
ҵĳӻϵһһдͣ
ɽд߶ȻǱȽµģ¥ǹ͵ģ൱󣬾ͬʱסҲǰŵµġ
˳֮Ѿʱˡ
ּ֯Ҳ˹Ϊʡί֯һɽĵϵ˽ѶһɽǾԵõģʵһɽҲʡ
һɽһ·Ͷ٣Ϣһ£дǱ߶Ѿǰ֪ͨź˷ˡ鳤ɽҲˣҶк󣬾һɽʾ
ǺǣȻ˶ɽһҶгžǡһɽҶ
ּĺ͵˽ˣ;һɽƺǿҶ쵼λǶԴ˸еЩ棬֪һɽʲôʱҶôˣ
ҶгҲǸոջŰźˡּ֯ľ˵
ҶЩϵǲ⣬˰ֵŰžˣһɽȥϢһ
Ȼֶּĺ͵˽˵ֲ͵гһȥɣ·ϳ˵飬Ҫ˵һ
ּĺ͵˽ˣЩ죬һɽһдֻһЩˬģϾҶôһ޴гָţ˭Ҳ˲
һʡί֯һɽڸǰǵĿɽԲҶײʲô˼ҶȻᣬȴʵʵɲϾҪ߳һͷȴҲõġ
һͷˮһɽҶ˷䣬Ȼ˵
һɽȥ飬һҶһɽ˵
ҶгæȥɣһԷһɽͷش
Ҷּĺ͵˽ѵ˵ͷȻ;Գȥˡ
ȵҶ뿪֮󣬵˽ѾЩ˵˵ʲôһɽòһ˶֪һڵˣʵ̫Ŀˣ
˼гҲĸɲеҲӦõģϵôʱڸʲôأּ˵
ôʱŻڲ棬±ӵСǰ˽ҲɵùһЦ
λȻһɽǰȽ⣬֮УҶǱȽϲġ
ߣҲһɽǰʾԼַ֮һϾԼ쵼ǰͱˣǷǳõȡֶΡ
һɽ¶ȴǺܻӭ˵Ҫ˵Ҷͬ־ǺģɲеľӢ
һɽ˵ҶгĹҪ֧֣Ҫìܣкô
ѵҶгһɽּĺ͵˽ˣеЩ죬˵ѵҶȻһɽˣ
֮ǱסҶгȾˣ˼ҵĵƺܴģҲҪӡҶĸףһɽҲԸ⽲ôֻ࣬ǾҶǣɽе⻹ǺܶģɽвҶгɽУΪΣչöģɽеĹٳܻһЩȽϴı䶯ҪվҶгϣཻ๵ͨ
˼һ£ֲһشڽʱҪᶨƵվҶгһҸǵҸ档
һɽôһ˵ּĺ͵˽Ѷʱ;ˣû뵽һɽȻܶ˵Ļ⼸ͲŸ˵һҪҶ죬Żǰ;ˡ
ܹ쵽λϣһ֯ϵͳּĺ͵˽Ѷܱͨȵģʱһƽϡ
һɽ϶ǵģȻҶһɽҪҲζҶʡӰҲǳҪһɽҪȫ֧ôҪɽģûʲôĻг׵õˡ
ȷʵֻܹͶЧܹ֮Ϊеġ
һμһɽĽ̻塣ּ֮󣬾̱̬
˽һҲ̱ʾԼԻһɽİţ޶ġ
˵棬ҶĸоЩͬˣϾôЩһɽҲ˲ٷܹ꣬صر̬ˣҲΨҶһ˶ѡ
λĴгҵʵǳ˺档
һɽǹʱʲôˣּĲ·飬ղҶ˵·ϷһЩ飬Щʵ
·ǰͳ㸲ˣʮˣԱǴǵĳģѾҽԺľȻˡһɽ򵥵ؽ·Ϸ齲һ£ҶгǺĵģһҺ͡
ּˣʱͿ˵˽һۣȻ˵ǽͨŵ飬ǾԮʲôģӦǵ˽ѵоֹϽģֻǲ֪ǽĳǷ
˽ҲеãȻ飬һ㵽˸ˡ
˵ɽеĹ·ȷʵȽͺһθٹ·ĿǶɽеĻᡣһɽЩп˵ǿܲҶгͬʱǸٹ·Ŀ쵼ĸ鳤֮һרΪٹ·ʵģ·Ƿܹ˳޳ɣҪǷܹʽˡ
鳤ǿǸʡɲǲʸεİּˣɵЩ𺳵˵
˵ǲҪ˼ҸûǸʸġһɽһۣرʾһΣҹΪһ£ڶɽлûµίǵ֮ǰʡίҶͬ־ίǵְȨίճ
ּĺ͵˽֮󣬲ɵһ𺳣˵λĴг֮ңȻõȨɾǵһץȨʵ̫ˣ
һλǳףһɽΪʲôҪҶˣȻҶδؾֱӰǸȨʡίϣҶѾͨеˣɽţ֯һɽϣ滹ڰ
ôӲȷʵֻܺϣ̨ܹĻƻĺѿġ
ɽǱͶԶɽеĸɲܲ⣬Ҷٿǲ˳ۣǿǱ硣
һɽģǻᾡҶͬ־ѶɽеĹáּĺ͵˽̾ٴαʾԼ̬ȡ
һΣ˺ܶӦ˺֣ܶء
һɽ棬ɵõ˵ͷ˵Լ˵ô࣬׶ɽеƣѾжôϾˡ
һӣҶͻˡ
ղһҽԺ棬Աⲻ̫ǱסˣѾΣաҶЦŶһɽ˵
Ǿͺð˼¶һɽ֮Ҳ÷ǳϵʱһȥҽԺɡ
õģһ˰һ¡ҶͷӦȴţǲҲӦðѵ̨ĸŪһζʡί쵼쵼¼Աţ
ôһŪҲǸһɽһ֣һ
Ͼ˼һɽλ˶ΪôͶұһ£ҲǺˡ


807 ͦ
ߵӣɽеĳί͸гǣ۶ɽдΪϸɽʡίί֯һɽӷϴ
ɽеһ쵼ʱüһãίǡгҶίרְĺмίǶηɣίּ֯ģίίͳսٽܣί鳤ų壬ί̺ίί񣬾˾ȫ塣
߶гггֳ˽ѣгͬģггģ鳤ɽʥȡ
˴θɽЭϯʷܣйϯʯиƣίҲ㣬νͷӿӿװӵҪﶼˣӸñȽϴ
Ȼ˵һɽʡίί֯Ե쵼ȫӴĳ棬Ҳе˵ɽôˣ
ƾʡίɽˣҲδؾܹڳôĳô˺Ѵյġ
ҽ˼䳡滰֮һɽɴЦ˵һιʵǴʡίһ¹ڶԶɽίǿȱһµĴϴҵǴյ룬Ծͼ˵ˡ
ӭһɽҪָʾ˴θɽˣ͹Ʊʾ
ʽ˴θɽǶɽйٳʸϵһλɲˣô˵ҲûķͷҲʽᣬҶҲƽһ㣬ȻʵȨɽҶίǡгȨġ
һһǺҪģǾһɽҪ飬ҶϢϢأǲ̬ĻԵ̫ˡ
ʱ˴θɽ˵˼
˷׷׹ȴеǳУϾǹڶɽίѡҪ֪᲻Щ˵УֱӾ͸һλأ
ίĺУЩţǺϣԼлζɽίһְģϧʡ̬һֱʣƺôһ¶
ʡίί֯һɽͻȻ˶ɽУ˵ҪʡľȴûͬһǰǾ˵һκпǴӴҵУѡγһλίˡ
ңĺû˵ʸϣʺϵίǡ
˵˼Ҳ࣬ÿȱһӵίְλӦǵ˹Ͻʱˡ
һɽĻôҸеȽʧˡ
ʡίί۽ɶɽίǡгҶʱίȨȵίǵΣнӡһɽĻȻ򵥣ȴֱӴ˺ܶ˵Ļ롣
˵ɫ죬ȻǸи뷨
ʧĪרְĺɫʧ֮ɫԱɫް鲻ѡ
λίǣȻҲг̶ȲͬʧȴûĺôأϾǴίίѡΣҲֲǼˣеġ
߶ĸгǾ͸еȽϾˣгһˣʱȻִίȨ˫ϴֵͷˣȻôʡΣôĵӾѹļͷˣ
Ȼ˵ɽίǵĵӲᣬܾܿһֵɽ󣬺óֲãһСľͻ̵ԼòʧϾһݶܴڱܶ˾֪λòҲҪͷȥһġ
ȴû뵽ʡȻôгҶְλˡ
˵ʲôأ˴θɽһԣŷӦһĳί͸гǣЩпʡԶɽеĸɲǣ൱ˡ
ɽеѾãгѱɽǸ£ؿ¼֮⣬ҲһЩȵԭΪͷʡԶɽйٳ٣λҶгɽʼƲŸոĻ
гҶίȨⳡ籩ʼϯɽеıʶ¼Цںܶ˾Ȼʶίǣ޲ɼ
ɽɫɫίԱǣ治ɵЦһӣЩ˵У֪Ҫ¶ء
ˣ¶ǰˣǺúóԶٷҲܾûиɽеĸɲһһˣ쵹ǿһ¡ʡίί֯һɽԼ֮󣬾Ц˵
лʡίǶɽй֧֣ҽͬ־һһɽһơҶʱǶɽеһּһȻֱӷʸˣеľƱ˵
Ҷг˵öԣǴһһɽίĺҲ˾Ʊ˵һ䡣
߶Ļ˵ñȽһЩǸҶгĴ֣ҧøѴңҶţҲһгǴίְȨҲ棬ּһֶѡ
ɽе㲻ĻҶ֣û׼޼գҲ޷˳ڶɽվȽŸ
ҪöɽеĹ뿪ЩػϽǣ治תġ
ĺãҶǹ¼ҹɽеģʡ֧֮⣬û˻߶ģԼרְǵӰҪöࡣ
;ãԼһ˵⻰ƴ̾ͻף˭Ƕɽʵϵϴ
ңվǱɲϿ⣬żҶҲǱȻơ
뷨ûдת˴˳еƣЦ˵һһɽлʡίҶгĵ쵼ɽеĹ϶ϲ¥
Ťͷһ˵ľȻίּ֯ģɵôһּĵʵȨҲСʵȨרְǲּľȻô͵Ҷһܸ߳ҲûУⲻɵĺеһЩ졣
žͼгֳ˽ҲվЦֲ˵úðɽоҪעҶггʡίǵֺ֧ܴҲҪŽҶгΧѶɽеĹã
ּĺ͵˽ˣһһҶгֱӾͰǸָʡԵˣͦҶͼȻң˶Ͻĸ˿⸱
ǺǣȾƾǺȾƣ˵ô໰ʲôһһɽ˴θɽЦ˵
Բ˾ͷ׷ЦžеľƱ׷һɽʾ˾⣬Ȼһ
һɽϵı֣о˵ɽеȷʵȽϸӣҶ֮Ҳ֪ܲܽסЩͷɲǣ
תһ룬ȻɽǶҰҶŵɽȻͲĹǣĻǾͲǸҶĻᣬǴҪŪɽһꪳɳĸоˡ
ۺǰɽǾԲġ
ԣҲֻΪҶ㹻ƿؾ棬ڶɽɶԶɽٳĳϣΪʡٶɽйٳɨϰ
ҶԼҲȾ˱֮ƣŶɽеЩɲǣ򣬿һεط٣ǰղЩɲǵ˼ģһεĶɽְΪɳеҪһ
Ťͷ˿һɽͼһɽЦݣƺǶڸղŵ΢ƺ
ǹٳְҶ΢΢һЦа


808 ̸
ʮһʮʱھʮ๫ɽ·ϣһ¹ʣһСͿͳ෭ʮˣˡ
¹ʷǡʡίί֯һɽͬ־һеɽп죬дгҶͬ־֯˾Ԯ
ĿǰԱѾΣգȶձɿ

ӵŽĿ֮󣬾ǶɽеţϾͳ˽췢Ŀͳ㸲¼Ļطʲôġ
ŻһתתһɽҶȥҽԺߵ¼档
ʡίί֯һɽͬ־ʹгҶͬ־쵼ڰæ֮ҽԺߣοƷǺú翵

еشɽȺɽ·ʧޣļˮʱ򣬼׷¹ʣܲ˾·ϵʶܷա
ʡĸٹ·ĿԼظǶɽнͨ״Ϊо÷չṩ쳵лÿǰչġ
е̨߶ҲʶȤڱ˽Ĺ·¹ʣʡί쵼һɽͬ־ľ¼֮󣬻˳׼еĸٹ·ĿҲǰԴҽⷽ˼ôҰʶͳһʡί߶
˿ţЩ¶ˣʱһɽڳ־ߵΪӳޣ˵ϵȺڵĺ쵼ɲǵĿģ
Ҹ˵ʲôҶгҲзݶġһɽⲿֵ֮󣬻ǱȽģЦŶҶ˵ɽеǸúܺõģԽٹ·ıҪԣܵϸţô
ˣ¶ЦݣлһɽĿ϶ǸģҪΪ˴ñ߹ģͳһ˼룬ʲôġ
ôһɽ˰ֵУǺҪģһȷʶҲһšһʹѹá㲻ãҸΪͲˡ
һɽ˵úܺãٹ·ĿǽڵĹص㣬һҪУβǽ񻹺šҶͶ˵
ҶгͶʽҪҲǺҪġ˵
ҶʱЦû⣬ŪҪͶǮоһ¡
õġЦŵ˵ͷ˵λҶгˬ죬û쵼һҪǮʹüͷѣӦǸе쵼
ֻǲ֪ôĸɲǲܹڶɽλãϾĵԺܶ˶ԣһϢ
˺һ֮󣬳ϵͱһЩ
ҶЩ˵飬һ߶Ժȣһ߶һɽƣ飬һЩǳûˣյһʺʲôģ֮ܶ֡
гҶͬ־ȻҲǴҹעص㡣
һɽϾҪʡȥˣʱɽȨģɾλ˫гҶˣʱһ¸飬˷᣿
Щ˵УԸгиƣίȼλŮͬ־ҶΪ磬Ϊġ
Ͼôɲûн飬ȻЩǵصĿˡ
ҶгŮҪҪҸһͬѧŮϴѧִƯѧģʺõĺܡгҶ˵
ǺǣŮˣⷽͲͷˡҶ΢Цűʾл⡣
ŮҲ£ûнû֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵׼Ժ飬û׼Ӵһ£ᷢء˵
ʵ飬ܲ˵ɶνֻҪ˼ҶгˣǾһݶ飬˵ҶгҪģ˼Ůһ涼ϣĻײϽˡ
ܶжиҲ˺
ˣǸЩˣʲôʵĶҪ˵ƯСǣίడίҲֻжʮ꣬˳Ҳˮ飬սûжãӵǴúܣҲĺܣҶгʲôҪһϴǰһ£׼ҵġ
Ůһ̨ϷοٳϵŮˣ˵ǽֵܶĺϷȻҶЩͷ˼ô飬Ҳ˵ʲôݻĻûһɽУǵλŮͬ־ǻġ
Ů˴СϢҪ˴ЩѸٶˣǵǣû׼죬ɽоʹ˶ϢˣǲԸðġ
ʵϣҶܶˣֻλŮͬ־ڵЩɽ쵼ǣǼиò൱ŮӵģĪ˼
ʮɲʵȨгίְȨҪǳԼŮǺεȵķ⣿
ңҶδķչǰ;ޱԶһôԼǷ񻹻ڹٳ϶Ҫˡ
ҿѽǶϹġ˴θɽЦλæѯҶżŮͬ־˵˼ҶгʲôƵ׷ŮûһǧҲа˰٣꿡壬õǸý˰
ɽʹǴίλģڶɽеӰǱȽϴģô˵ҲʲôԵġ
ô˵ͲˡƾͱʾҶгæ˵飿ЩģȻҪˣиҲýĺ֮
ǰ˻ˣĸأҲ׵õϼĿ϶г͵ͷͬ飬ЩϴԴ
ȻھϣҶȷʵֱȽСԴҵʱҲûоͰг쵼̸Ķ˽¶ȴܹһƬЦ
Ƕǿ֮ɽƲƲСӲò൱ôҶгܽܣǸս˵̨ҼһΣȷʵܲ
ҵ밡һ˵ίʹ󵹿ˮҼǸСӣӱȽ֣ѧУ̸һѣ治Ը⣬ƫƫҪҪģҹͷˡôҸҶгܣ
٣ڵˣȷʵȽ鷳Ǹʱ򣬶֯ܵġɽҡҡͷȻǶڵˣЩΪȻ
Ǹȷʵ࣬֯϶࣬Ҷǻһ¼ĳɷ֣ƶũũǸũȻԼƶũݵΪѡĿ꣬ǵĻǹǼҪģǳŮģҲԲУ
ڣżĿ궼ߵˣʵľǼûǮûзӣûдɲûкϵ
ı仯Ҳ˵һЩ⣬ڵľģʽڷ仯ڴѾǱĬ֮Уʼгã¶ҪýǮһˣǱΪĸҲǮˡ


809 
ʮϣʡǵڶҽԺػ
ģҲҪģֻʱ⣬ȥġ¡ļͷɫصض˵
һε飬ʿٵĴܴ󡭡ɫܲƺ첻Ͳ˺ܶ࣬Զʧȥ֪ҺǷܹͦ
ͦҲͦţļҵĶ¡ɫһȻ̾˿һ취ӾҽԺ뼸λרҹǲа취
˵ˤһӣôͰһȸòܶˣ
Ѳ⣬˭ϣҡҡͷܲ
岻ɵֿ˿ų˯Ķʿ٣棬Դһϣʿˤ֮Ⱦʧȥ˸оҽѾգȻûκεɫ
Ϊ飬⣬רŴӸ۵Ǳ߶ʢרΪӵȻȴò˿Ľֻۣ˵ûзֳԲļ
Ĳ飬˶޲ߡ
ִƷղķ˹ʿҲûеõκнԵĽֻ˵ʿٵȲûгήȴƫƫǲܶˡ
ֵҵģʿٵȲûгʲôӪܴǻܹҽΣֻϣ˽⣬ٶĴۣҲϧ
ֻʿԴӷ֮һֱǳȶ
⼸õĶѾҽʿҲĲûа취˸߼ۣдʡ¡ڵҪָʾĻûʲôԸչ
˵Ĵʦǵıɲ⣬ܲǹʿΣ¡ѯʵϣ
¡ڱ˵ǼٵģҪôţƵĴʦЩ쵼ǣĸ갡ɫľݣͷشðɣȥϵһ¡
ֿ˿ŵʿ٣ǻްĸо
Ǹʿ򾲼Ҳô˯ȥ򾲼ֲֶܶãһʿѹʼջҪǰѵģ⺢ӴСûܹ࣬ͻȻȲܶ״Ȼܲˡ
ܹؽģеģӻŲ
ǣҪôؽأȷʵǸ⣬СӺŮˣûбȺá
뵽⣬ɵһͷʹһݰһĶӣƫƫ̱һѩϼ˪ˣû׼ļˡ
ĵĲûԭģΪʿٷԼȲᶯˣûжôģǺһҪ⣬ǶӲˣЪ˹
⣬ʿپ޷ָļҲ
ҶѹʱѾϾŵˡ
Ϊʡίί֯һɽӷϴټϸίί͸ʴǵһδۻᣬϺ˺ܶƣȻ˵Ҷʺãûʲôʵ״еԵ΢о
סдģ߶ȽϷ㣬Է㣬Ҳר˸ɨȫҲб֤ҶҲðᵽί¥ȥ
˵һζʱػصģҲûʲôʱ䣬ڶɽ߶ռ˳ί¥Ҳûʲôô粻˵лĻᡣ
ˡ
ŵҶչȥһͼǸˣͦģеĸоüëŨŨģ۾˵ᣬʵҲпʮġˡ
ҶţЩؿ
Ҷгã㰲ŵʱ塣˶Ҷҽܵ
尡Ҷ֮󣬾¶Լǵʱ򣬾˵¶˵һģû뵽˿ˣ˵ţɣʰһԼȡ
˵֮Ҷ߽䣬Ȼʼϴˢͷ
ʮ֮Ҷˬ˳
һ̧ͷͿһ߶ţ浹Ǹʰøɾ䣬ɵðԵ˵ͷ
ߣȥԷɡҶ˵
õġ˵ͷȻͶ˵и͵İţҪʡίί֯һɽͬ־һԷȻǣǱ߶İţ˵Ǵ󲿷ֳί͸гǶμӡ
ţ¶֪ҸɽˡҶ˵ͷ
иĻ飬ҪۿֺؽԤ⡣˵
Ҷ˾˵У¶Ҳǵá
оί죬ίа֯ףһĻڳ죬ѯʣǷʱȥֳָһ£˵
飬ҲҪгȥҶЩʵ
Ǵ¶ӦȥģתһȦҴкҲǺõģίǻгȥͶҶ͵
ţͰһʱɡҶ˵ͷͬ顣
Ȼǰôŵģô϶ҲǵģϾⲻһ飬ҲǵֻǺʽףյĹš
ͣһ£Ҷ˵ǴͶ࣬˽һЩϵİţʱί֮йͨʱѣЩҪ飬ͿԵ÷ֹ쵼ȥ졣
ǡ̵֮ͷ
ţҵ飬ҪûʲôҪҪΣ۾ҪҪ飬ϵСҲȥƽϣҪõķչᣬǾ͵ϸҪˣǲڸ˽ڲϱץסѱҶ˵
֮̾ͱ̬ҸĸǸɲȽȶоϵĸĿǰ֮ûгɼҵĿǣ쵼ġ
Ҷ֮󣬲ɵö࿴ۣ˵ǺܺԼθڵģǾЦúԼУҪʲôѣǾϵģģԸ˽ｲġ
л쵼ġ΢ЦŸл
Ŀǰֱ۸о˵Ҷӡǲģֻ龿ܲܺԼ˼ճãͻüˡ
ҶĵϸҲϸزһ飬ϾҪΪԼڹģ˵Щ治ϸĻҲпܻӰ쵽ԼɲϲԼʲô⡣
Ȼ˵ŮЩƣԴӾ˹Ƶ֮ҶĲŮˣٳϵһЩ䱸飬ԭġ
ǰҶаҲǳˡ
ôʲôţҶһת
ûʲôرİţгúʣΪһɽһ£Ҳǲѡ񡣡˵
ҲáҶˣЦҲҹȥɣҵ顣
õģ쵼ˣ΢΢һȻ΢ЦŵͷӦ


810 ΪԼ˭
Ҷ壬ȥһɽϹһӣ˸ǰλʡίίˡ
ʵһҲһӾ͸λɽеҪɲµּ֯ĺ͸гֳ˽ѣλҶ֮ڶɽеĹٳڲһ·˼ұˡ
дϢһӣһϰ࣬͵Сңٿг칫ᣬ۶ڿֺؽľ巽
μӻжɽίǡгҶггֳ˽ѣгͬģггģ鳤ɽʥȡ
ֺؽǸгͬԹע飬ȥ˺üأΪ˼ʱ˽ֺؽĽչԼʽЭȵȡ
һʼͬĸгͽг칫˻㱨
ĿǰǧҵʽȱڣҪЭһ֮ͨͬĸгĿǰѣʽ⡣
ЩѵġгͱʾǸʮˣͷȫˣȥʮһ㣬˵һֱȽŵʣҲʮѧģ߶Զõʽ𣬱Ͳ࣬Ҫǧ̸ף
飬гֳ˽ҲԼĿ˹˾ȻѾǵʲ˶ʲծͶһʽؽ翪չĻӦǱȽѵġ
ʲô飿Ҷõһг칫̸ֻ⣬ǱȽϺʵģֱȽĻϣûʲô˸ˣƢ
еĻԽͽ׼г˵ʵֺؽķ׼ȷʵеˣͶʽһֱѹʵͽ׼ȡһЩҪĿеʽܹӦġ
ôһ˵м
ֻǵ˽Ѿͱʾ˻ɣĿɽԹעģû׼һӣؽĿһָ滮ͬĻǸġ
ΪѾҶ˽ǾԲġ
ȻѾһɽҶ͵þԼĿܣҶɽдڵĸֲأ˵һε顣
˵İѿĽ׼߽ͣĿˮô϶ᴫʡίǱ߶ȥģʱɽ˵Ļ׵ľҶг
Ҫ֪ҶڻǸгΪôһ飬ȥĻǾͲðˡ
Ȼ˵˽ѵĻгɫЩÿ
ʵϣļλ˵˽֮⣬ҶûʲôõĿΪλ֪ʲôԾݸλʵǴҵĳ衣
¶ʡİţҲûʲôƢǴӸҶʹӣɽиɲǵҲСһ
ֻôҲû뵽˽ѾȻ⣬ҶʶȻǺܴȴԶһвʡί쵼õĿ
ʼΪҶòʡί쵼ֱֵ֧ĻͲܵгͬʱίְȨ
쵼ôģ֪Ҷڶɽ¸γԼǶڶɽбɲǣȻǷǳġ
ҶֺؽԸҲЩ˵ĹͬԸ
˸гͬʲôõ飿ûطʵ
˽ѵȻûʲôõ飬ֻǵƽ蹤ˮı׶˶ѣڸ㾭ý跽棬ɲмңϾĳǾӺ;ϵͳץĳ
ǾĿɡҶĻشȴǷǳϵģֱӽƻеһ԰ˣȻ󽫸һͼݸĨǱ߶һȥ㱨
ҶѾϸؿϣǸ԰Ҫķѵܶʽ𣬶ͼݵĿҲʱˣʱҪȶľסЩѶݵĻӹ̡
԰ڵشɽϰնԣûʲôʵʵ壬ͼֺʾ޴Ŀ֮ܿͻΪͼѸƹ㣬ʧȥԭе壬ⷽͶʣ罫Ǯʡȥ˵ǷչǵˮƽȵȣЩǸҪġ
Ҫһ𣿡Ҷʵ
ǾͱһгûʲôֱӾ;֡
ҶҲ֣˶֣˽ѼҶִҲûƢ˵ˣҶгǷ飬ǾͲҵˣҲ־
ãȫƱͨЧҶ˵ͷǳɴ˵
˽ѵоֹҶг̫ˣ쵼˵飬ô׾𣿶ԴǴӱĵط취ŲʽĿãƯһ
ȵɽǹӲؽ֮СӰ¶ĻǾһˣɽ˼ҿԼ滮õĿҶ䣬ģǻҶĺô
ţϢʮӣȻоٹ·Ŀ⡣Ҷ˵
˷׷վ壬ҪˮģͳȥתһȦ
г˳ȥȥԱ߶䣬˿Ǳ߶ˮ
ֻгͬľ͸˹Ҳյһˮ
гҶгĵӵǴúܰɽǾ˵Ŀ˵ľ͸ˣ˵¶׶𣿡ͬѯʵ
С˲ʮ꣬ǰ;еģһհʱҶƺȦ֮Уæظ˹Ҫ̽һе⡣
ʲôɵĵģҶг뷨ʲô⣬Ҳгǰͷˮǻֶ˶Ȼ˻ȥ˹ػشȻǼģгҪҪε˵ˣȷʵûôʽؽȡԭеһЩĿҲǲѵİ취룬ʡίǶɽеĿԵġ
˰ºȵ˿ҶҲǰй¶Լ˼ǸгͬĸĹϵȽ׽ȴҲԼ˼յİѱԵһΪ˹̬
ͬĸѾãȻ֪λг˼ҲɵðһϺ꣬ȴǷǳͬ˵ֱȷʵǴӹ¹ĽǶȳǴӶɽеʵǴӿʵҪģǾסʱĿġ
˵ʡ쵼˶һЩõ뷨ǲǣҶгǰͷ
Щˬĸгֳ˽ѣȴǳյ绰ּ֯˵һ߶飬Щɧ˵ʡί쵼ıΪԼ˭


811 չǰ
Ҳô˵Ȼһɽôӣ˵Ҷȷа취ίּ֯һ֮󣬾ͶԸгֳ˽˵
ҶûһµĻһɽҲҪܵŽҶΧ֮顣
һɽ׶ǲҪིģԴⷽƶϣּľ;ҶǸͬһҲôɾ͵˶ɽеĴг
ǺԾڿӸҶƫƫҶԼǲ֪¶һҶðűɺ޵ķͷˣһУ¶˵Ļܵõʲôôһ˽Щ˵
ûг䶨֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ô¶ּľͶԵ˽˵Щ飬ֻܾ䡣
ҶʱҲӵһ绰ߵԱ߶Ϣҡ
С㣬ôͻȻ绰ˣҶЦʵ
ղž͸绰ôûнӣһͨԹ˳ʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô飿ҶеʵղڿᣬݻʮӣҪſᡣ
ᣬɹˡ汧ԹһȻͷǳ˵˵ҰԪڻ׵ˣ׬ʮһ𣡳ô󣬻ǵһôջһҪȥҰֿһ
Ǻ¶ǮˡҶʱЦ
ǰһӵʱ׼˳ɸ̸˹ͳ֮䶩飬ᵽ⡣
ΪҶУԲֱһǮҲҪˣҶͷų˻˵ָһ£ԼгȡʮΪҶ͸ĲǮ
ѮΪʮһĽˣҲóɸеӣҲʾҶ֮ҶҺϳҶԴ˸еǳġ
Ҷ鲻СãҶ˼䣬Ȼϲ̵ȥ׳ɻ㱨ȥˡ
Ҷ˵绰ŻصСȥᡣ
Ҷг鲻Ŷгˣ˵
ǰеϲ¶ȻҶ˸Ȼͽ˵һ£ٹ·ĿоӰĶԲ⡣
ҶĻ֮󣬶׷
ʵʱһȽĻ飬ĻۣȴпӰ쵽δеĹ⣬ԴҶĵ÷ǳ棬Χųй滮ͼԼٹ·ͼֽۡ
÷չбȾ㷺öں÷չһƶʵִĹ̡һȹע÷չǳĿ꣬÷չǶڿʵֵĿ꣬޷ǾͶʡڡѡҶ˵˰ƾҪʵˣǶɽҲⷽ⣬һεĸٹ·ĿǶɽжԣʵһܺõĻᣬͨⷽͶʣԴٽǶɽҵķչ
ӶʡشԭǶͨԴ˿ڡƾǷгҲʾӶʡһֱı󾭼÷չ֮·ϣͨ·ʩơȷʽһǵһҪʡĿʡ򾭼÷չ޽ٹ·ȻǷǳõһ취ΪͨĻʩĲҵܳԻеġȲҵнǿЧӦ
˷׷׵ͷܽ蹤ĸгͬľ˵ʩÿͶ1Ԫزҵ7ԪͶЧӦ1ĸٹ·ƽҪ1000ֲָġ9000ˮࡢ1500ࡣ
Ϊ޽ٹ·ͶʽһʷǳشͶʣд󲿷ԭϡ֧ѵȣЩͶʴ󲿷ֽתΪµгЧش̼ʹֲˮࡢеزҵչԴá
ӶʡԴʡֲġˮͻеزҵȽȫٹ·ĿҪĴ󲿷
ԴӴķΧ޽ôһٹ·ҪͶ뽫ʮڵʽȥЩǮ϶ʡҵͷˣԲûʲôʲʧͨôһͶʣٽҵķչҲһ׮¶
ʵϣĿھõãкܶࡣҶ˵ǺӶĵ٣ũʣͶ϶࣬ò﹤٣صľҵ⣬Ҳũ񹤴ʡʵָᴴһϵ⣬ũĿǰΪӴȺ壬ȶشӰ졣
ҶʵĵʾũȺձڹʴͶϵ淶ᱣȱʧסϲ⣬ʧҵ˲ĳ൱ٳصϡŮѹ˾ҵǼģôٹ·ܹһĻá
ҲΪʲôһ˾÷չټʱͻͶʽȥҪԭ
ڵڸٹ·Ľڽϳһ㶼굽ҵʱ䣬ôһζʱ䣬ʱһ˵ľҵ⣬ǵ롣
ôͶʸٹ·費ᾭ÷չṩ˴ľҵλ
רҵŲ㣬Ͷ1ԪĹ·ͨ裬ֱܹ15000ҵλԼ2000ҵλҶմݣ˵ȻҲǺ˵ģ̽轫մߵũ񹤾ҵЩλµũ񹤿ϣΪЩ뱼ũṩڼҵĻᣬͬʱ̽ҲһļˣЩΪԺҵҪϡ
һ֮󣬶øٹ·Ŀ߳ɵ·ڶɽڣڶɽеķչһ¶
ᣬɽбصһЩֲġˮͻеҵõ˲ĻᣬͬʱΪɽһļԺķչҲǺкôġ
ٹ·֮󣬺ôҲǺܶģȾǿԴ߾õķչ·ũٹ·Ҫ塣˵ٹ·ũԽƶͻũԽԶĽͨڴٽũʣͶתƣƽ羭òŸشĴٽá
гͬĵͷͬ˸·ũͿ߳򣬰ԼֲˡϹزƷȥȻá۸͵Ʒӡʲôģøߵ󡣡
Ϊ棬Ӧδѣƶ°ߣ˵ùӽġеȷ棬Ϣȷ棬ǶɽеϰṩҪ֧֡ҶʾôõĻᣬܲø˱˰
ǺǣҶг˵öԣĺûǲܷŹġгҲͷͬ
һ磬ܽ˶Ȼתɷֹܸгʵ
֮һ˸ͣ͸ɢȥ
ҶǻлţӦί룬ȥһףͬ־Ǽ͹ľ


812 ƻҪǰ
ҶǣǱ߶Ϣ˵¡ڴʡ춼ҽԺܡڳ棬Ҷ˵
ŶҶˣȻеԾ
ϸһ룬¡ڱ˵⣬ϾҲһʡ֮ˣ򲹵ίⷽıҽǱȽģܳ⻹ᱻŵôҪְλϡ
ԣֻ¡ȥˡ
ܹ¡춼ȥĲˣʲôͷأ
Ϊʡ¡ڵĹҲǷǳæģǹϵرܵˣô춼ȥأ
ʲôҶ룬ʵ
ȥ˸۵ûлشһ˻ȥģ֪ʲô
Ȼ˵ҶѾһԼ鱨ϵͳǱϾɲãھ鱨ͶȽϴ⣬ҲǶȽϹĵصע˵¡֮飬ǾԲȥġ
ǿǺίʡĴԱҪû¶ȥ٣͵űйزŸץˣǿɲʲô¶
壬ΪҪɽͶʣҶҲ࿴һۡ
ֻҲҶ鱨עĽ㣬Ҷ鱨϶ѾԪˣĻҲôɾܹ׬ʮһԪЩʵҶȥԪʵĽ֮һ
Ϊ֮ǰ˹ΣԴʱ˷˾ô˳糵ĳС㣬ں̵ܶʱھ׬һǮ
ҶĥȥԼ¡ڵĶ뵽֮ǰӾ鲿õһЩϢ̾͵ó˽ۣ¡ڸĹϵĺܺð
ȻġҶ⻰Ǿеࡣ
¡ڸĹϵõĻҲ֮ǰͰӸ۵Ϊ󣬴ʱ¡֮͸ĴߣȻҲҪͨ̽ϣӶʡһЩġ
һСֻ˼䣬ͶҶ˵٣ˣĶʿסԺˣ˵һѾȫʧȥжĿǰʡԺ棬¡ÿǹȥġѾӸҽΪΣȻûҳİ취
١Ҷˣʱĥ
û뵽ĶʿپȻ顣
Ȼ˵ҶʿٲûʲôøУʿôͻȻˣô۵ͲŶڶɽӶʡͶ⣬϶ͻܵһӰģҲΪ˶ӵ飬ϾʹҲпܡ
ֲ¡ڻҽԺܣʵʿٵĲ飬ѾӰ쵽֮ĺǵøոµ¡ʡЩסˡ
һ£¡ʡѾںӶʡ߲Ȧų˷˵Ǹ۵ͲҪںӶʡͶʮڣȴСֳôһҪôЦ
¡Ҳ겻顭ҶɵʧЦȴһЩ뷨
ڶɽеȨ˶Ըɲ֮⣬ץýȨˣȻϣʡԶɽвֹ࣬ĸ۵ͲţžǳŸٹ·ĿӰġ
Ļ߶չҵǼֱ·һҲ޽ģвٵο͡
Ҷǲܹ̱Լĵ̶ȦصģһҪȨץԼ档
ԣڶ˵һǳҪĻᡣ
ܣɽһ˶£Һúһ䶫ɽҶ˳־͸˸绰ȥ
˵⻰ʲô˼أȲ˵˹ŻȥЩģȻǸ˯ˣû׼ǱҶĵ绰ѵġ
żӣܾϴ˯ˣҶЩʵ
еģȻ˯£ٸղ˵ʲô˼˵
ɽ߶飬һ仯ڸϹôȽϴһЩҶͽ常ӵ˽Ȼ˵νҪʱҪĿĻȽƵģҺкô
֮󣬾Ʋ˵㻹湻ģʱС¡ڴʡôһ֮󣬿Ҫˡ
˵ĻҲ˵ģɽеҵǸ۵ͲֺӶʡһҪڵ㣬ʱҶͻȻ֣ҪԱȽǿƵ̬ɽУô۵ͲȻʧȥ˽г
Ϊ£δؾͻ¹Ӧôһʧȥᣬпܾ͵ºļƻҲˡ
ļƻô¡ڵ̽ϼƻҲˣȵ»ָҪʱ򣬾ͻᷢѾܲһˣôһ¡ڻöʼٸߵҶ֮ǰ
趫ɽУʱҴܲܵӺ֮ٷչɽеľãҪ¡ڸ˵ĻҾ͸ҷŸȫɽϰʱҪȵù˭Ҷ¡ҲûʲôøУֱӾͶ˵Լ뷨
ҲԣҲ¡ڻ᲻Ҷٵĵϸһ֮󣬾ͶҶ˵ҹҲìܣΪʲôƫƫҶ˶ɽǳƣǼƣȴ˷ѵ˿մ
ֻ˵˰ֲϣ£ңùҶǺһЦ
˾Լʱ䣬Ȼ˵绰
ҶĳͣȻ󼸸һ˽ȥ
鳤ɽʥ͵ˣڸί˵Ҷǽ̾ӭ˹
Ҷгúÿ찡ɽ˵߶˼ƣöԿָһ¡
Ҿǿ֣רҵҪרҵ쵼ɲֲܵġҶЦЦȴͬǹһļУ˹ϯǰţۿе
е̨Ǻܴ֧֡ҶԱ߶ظָָ㣬Ǳ߶ǵ̨豸ȥŹõģڹڵط̨УҲǱȽȽ豸ˣʽףʱ򣬿ȫйϵͳȫֱ
Ҷ˳ָ˹ȥͼǱ߶Ȼһֱ̨ʮææµµģӦ豸
Щ˵УһλŮӣøָһ߶ңʵصǳɫȹȹ滹еĽ˿ߵ֣ȵĳ΢˿һ£µİɫ߸ЬԵúȺ
ŮееȣæָŴǣȻһȺ˵еͷ
ҶȥʱƺŮתͷ˹ϯ߶һۣĿɨҶʱƺ¶Цһ£ʱͬŰá
Ҷʱһ£ϽĿ˻װĵ˵̨Ҳ˰
ǰҶг㿴Ǳ߶ǸǳɫȹģСӡί࿴СǱ߶æµţɵЩؽָ˳Ҷʶ
ŶǼˣֲһôãȻŵڳҶˣЦŵ˵ͷȴɵö࿴Ůһۡ


813 ҪȺ
Щ쵼ǣҶһЩ˽⡣
ΪıȽĸɲܹһģί϶ǱȽһţܹ౾Ҳɲʮ꣬ͬʱҲίĵǣǶɽбȽŮ쵼
ҵĳҲȷʵŵڣϹҲһԭ
˵Сӣϵ֮˵̨ҪǸɷʲôģżҲʹһĳЩĿˣе̨ȽϻԾҲȽܻӭŮȡʤ
ɽطǱȽϳŮġʥЦ˵㿴ǣٿСӣⶼǵصصĶɽŮ
鳤ɽҲЦ˵һˮһˣɽˮȷʵˮʺܺá
ҲиܣˮȷʵҪȾǱ߶öˣǸǲܱȣǱ߶ˮеɬĸоһǡҶͷʾͬ
ɽɽҲǲͬģɽ߶ȻҲɽֻ۾Ⱥɽ֮϶ѣƽֻ̹ǺνϸߣǺθ֮Ҳкôģ˵ҪԺһЩˮҲǳá
߶ܶ˵ݶܰףҼ̣ʵǸȶɽеˮйϵģǵطˮʾͲãݷҲǲɱģǴӱϾͲͬˣֻˢܹıġ
߶֯ǺǿģҶɽ߶Ҳȱ˲ţУľ߶ɽطϷĿȫһ̨С͵׼
ֻҶͷһ⣬ڶɽıػȷʵǺ
ڳеļöɽ˵ʱ򣬱˶ùЦҶһãȻı飬ȥеͬѼĸо
ˣҶгǾˣͨڶɽԲô˽⡣鳤ɽһֱ͵͵עҶʱϵı飬ʱͷӦ˹˵һֱڴƹͨҿЩԽĿȡĻȡ˰ɣеģá
鳤ôĻǲеʣ飬һЩͬģطգҪеطɫף飬ԷЩǹɵطɫҪأطϷͷԽĿڱصУȻӦñģЩȽɫģӦôֱ֧ͷչǾ硢Խ硢÷ϷȵȣЩӰܴҲֻʹͨĲ档
СҲɽҲû뵽˵䣬ȴôһͨķɵÿЦ˵ǣҲ쵼һҲɣ
ɽĻɵþҶһۣҶüͷȥŬŵµ˱ݣŷӦҶг
Щˣô˵Գ쵼ڲˣʲôأҪ쵼ͬȺǸ뿪
ɽ˵ҲûȷʵһֱڴƹͨΪ˽ҽͨ⣬һЩΪԲͨɵϰٽںϣӴǹߡ
˷Ҫ˵׵ҲҲʲôķ
಻ɵýĿŵҶϣ֮һЩίĸо
ҶˣɵЦҲôϸطɫǵطɫϰϲĶӦùչġ˵Բͨ⣬ֻ쵼ɲȥӦôҲöɽİϰΪгͿʼ˵ǻɣ
ǺǣҶг˵ĶԣǵĸɲȺڵǸ߼쵼ɲĸ߶ȺȾǲͬʥˣʱ
ͱ˵ЩĻˣֲˣ˸оֵֹġҶ̾ЦֹʥĴñӾͲˣϴͳɡ
Ҷг֮ͨ󣬾Щд˵ǣ⼸Ŀó𣿡
ȻóûҶЦúܿ𣿡ҶЦ
˼Ŀ֮Ҷ˵ͬ£˲μݵԱǣ߶׼һοƷǴʲôıȽʵõĶ˷ַһȻһĵغӰ
̨߶ʧʱؽ㣬ȥ֮Ҫš
СȷʵˮƽŻͲվҶ߶ʴ˼䣬̸ĹڶɽĻ飬жȺҵֵ֧ȵȡ
Էʵⶼܼ򵥣ٳӣҶĻشбȽʵĽҲ۲ε꣬˶ãгȷʵ˲á
лҶгǹ֧֣ϣ´λлСӴ󷽵ظҶ֣ЦŶ˵
ÿԵ̨Źߵ֧֣ҲЩ쵼ɲӦõĹ֮һҶ˵
Сӵϸֵĸо޹ǣ΢Щĸо
ҶҲûץ˼Ůֲţһ¾ɿˣ㵽ֹشҲʽû˿٬ĸоЩطϵ쵼ǣ˼ŮƯץֲţȻ˵ͣ
ҶڸС˵ʱȴҲܹоŮȷʵͦģžѧĵŮͨɣѧʱС˵˵ĺ֢
Ҷ̾͸С˵ǺõģҲһЩ⣬˵Сʣ࣬ЩǲҪΡ
̨ʰ˶ܿ뿪ˡ
ҶǸһӣɽȥݴһƹ
ҲҶƹеȤġ
ҪΪƹ򲻽ǹ򣬶ұȽϼ򵥣һһ͸㶨ˣҲҪôĿռУʺϹ˵ҲϹ顣
ߣΪϵԭˣϾҪڹƹ߶֮ĿȺʵ̫խˣܳΪȺ˶
Ȼˣƹ˶ܹ֮ˣ֮⣬Ϊڼ򵥵Ĺ֮⣬кܶʽı仯˭޷ͬһ켣Զ²͸Է򣬾һɹ
˶ƹɽﵽ˶˶Աˮ׼
ǲò˵κ˶Ҫ츳֧ŵģڱҶŰ֮˶ʱûȤˡ
ˣˣⶼҶгרˣҿļҶӺѹ
ǿɲɣҶгҪǽ˹ҶӣǿɾһΪ·ˡʥִ˹øУǸ˶˲ˮëжǸͷӡ
һӺ󣬴ҿʱ䲻ˣɢˡ
Ҷ˳֮󣬾˵ҪһƾеĶ֣治׵顣
Ǵʲô˼أĸʾ˵
ȺҶһҪõطȺҪðԼǱˣҲñ˴㣬ĻһƬųǵӵȺУҪôչ
Ҳԡʾ˵ͷ
ӿǰȻǰ˺Ӱڻζƺִ


814 гҲ
ͻȻǰ˺ӵеֵġ
ʱڵǣǱȽϲڼģŮӷ͸뵽һЩõˡ
ʲôҶԼΪɽеĸĸ٣Щɵ鷢ǾͶ˵
Ѿʮһˣֻ죬Ȼ˵ɽ¶Ҳͣżܹεˡ
е˯ŵǣ̨֧ӣ򼸾֣ԶʲôģһЩ̲̯ӣտ̯ʲôġ
ֻһӣɽտ̯ûʲôܷḻݣ϶Ǻܼ򵥵Ŀ⴮˵ЩˣС⴮ĲϣҲδؾ⡣
֮ܶʱͷȻ࣬еġ
ʾӼ٣˹ȥ
չȥķǰͷһƬѩͼһͷɢҵŮСåţƴţѾЩˣһֻ߸ЬҲ֪ߵ
˵ƹ⣬Ů̾ʹ
谡һСå״ŭһƾ˹ȥûŮϣȴǴļͷȹһ¶ֵļ
գٹ£
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ǺȻ˿ɲʲôӡ
ʾĴƴԶ⣬ƹѩСåеԼʱΡ
˳ţһȥǴ˹ȥ
ҶҲֲڿ㶵棬
ŮֺһŤͷƹ⴦˹ȥֻЩֻۣܿߴӰ˹ȥӡ
ڵƹ֮µȴҶ˸
ףⲻС𣿡Ҷϳǵ̨ǸŮߣͬʱҲֳ˵ŮǸЩֺ͸߰Ů
ģٹˣû𣿣
ʱ򣬳˸ղſСå֮⣬Ա߶Ľ棬߳ˣеĹ첲滹׻ʲôͼ˩ָͷֵĽӣҲ֪ǲ
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Ļû꣬ͱһŸŵˣɳȥʮԶڵһˡ
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ֻؿһۣӵҲֻǽ쵽˱󴦡
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СåûʲôȨԵġ
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СåǺϣ̾ͱͷ£ϵӵһ߶
СӵСåʱҲɵˣһ˾Ȼ߶µһϵǰһһţвҪҶ֣
ԭΪ˼ǵϣҹģ˭֪ûֱһʹϣʱһҽС
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ʱʾҲӳˣܹȥһһЩ˸һ飬һ߶ֹţôˣһµĻᶼûˣ
ҶȻǺ飬ã٣ԶҲ˺ܶදֵĻᣬʾоֵʱ򣬾ϲֵӣ˴ܾΪҪһȻֵĻᶼûУȻǷǳź
Ҷ˹ȥСӷ㲻Ѿȥôܵˣû¶ɣ
ʵҶҲǺͬģҹģһŮӵܣ˲Źء
Ȼ˵ڵΰ⣬ΪǰһӵϴֺһЩǻֶΪˣ伣ģȻһЩ޷䵽Ľ棬Ϊ
ҶгСЩҶϣ¶һ˿ʹСҵĽźŤˡ
𶯡Ҷüͷ΢һ
ŮӺᣬоһٽһ߶ĸӣôķҪеģǾͳͶˣǶŮӶԣȴƺΪǵ֫ϸ̬ӯ֫޳ȷʵɵڴֵĴүǶܱȵġ
٣Щôʵ
һٷˣǳԡҶش
ϣʾһʱˡ
ʵЩСåԣҪǸץҲûʲôԴǣ󻹲ҪһӾͷˣ
ץ˷Ѿȥǣݺݵؽѵһ٣֪죬ֻоܹǳԿС
ҶŮߣʹ˸ʾֵЩСåǵĲʹ͸ɱƵġ
ŮҶڻ棬;һֺĸоû뵽λҶгȻбһ졣
ȻɷλĲ񻰵Ҷг֮Ǳžģй֮ĽӴҲǺĽڣоõλгعأûŮëëŵĹٳϰߡ
ҶĵһӡǲģֻҲû뵽ϻҶг
ˣù˿ɾԼˡ
ԼЩСåǸס֮󣬻ᷢʲôµ飬ûʲô˾·ϣһ䣬ԷЩҵ顣
Ҫ֪ЩСåԣǿûʲô˼ɵģҹȻץһ绨ˣҪϷй֮⣬ѵ۵
ҶǶԣ飬ҲҪһĵطġ
뵽Щ龰治ɵúҲΪԼĳ嶯ִֶûڣһٲľء
ŮһˡȻҶгͣ˽ŲŮ˵


815 һС
ŮһҵˡȻҶгͣ˽ŲŮ˵
ҶĻŮʱеһ󾽣æſץҶϵָĽʱҲɳ˲١
Ҵ·ȽϵղűôһƺҪӡˡ
ҶŮߵԼĳ߶ýŰŸȻŮСģͽ˺λϣƽš
ǲŤˣҶĵѯʵ
߸ЬĺôֻһǾǺÿǻͶˣŤžһ
СеۡŮԼ˺òӵȹͷסԼؿڣȻüͷش
Ҷ˳ִ˳ڵĵƣȻͿŮһֻûЬӣ˿Ҳˣմ˺ܶգ˳־̽˹ȥŮĴȸ
ŮһЩ֪롣
ⲻǲų˻ڣֽѰɣ
֪λг⵽ʲô鷳飿
Լɩ˽⵽ĹٳܶòȻĸɲǣ˽ҲǷǳҵģ˵гͲⷽȺãҵúܣеô˿Ŷˡ
˭֪ҶֲûŮĴȸãֻ΢ᴥһ£ҵ˿ĿˣȻ־סӴϡСϡһֱ¶˰
ŮüͷȻҶΪѵ˿ľٶѾǣ˽󴦵˴ֻûнгѡ
ѾˡҶһ¾˵һƤأ°̺۾ͿϧˣôĽ͡
ŮҶĻɵЩȻ˵ԸȽ򣬶ִ֣ǱϾͲҲǸѣг֮ӣԼĽΣǸеЩ˼ġ
ֻڳĵƹ棬ܹѾѵ˿֮ϣָͿĨŵЩޢĺɫϣԵøۣҲķǳãۣûһƤҲûʲôζ
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٣ݺݽѵһ٣Ƕȶ֡ʾЩ˷ܵضҶ˵
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Ҷ˹ŵ˳棬Ȼ˵ţּȰҳ
ʱЦЦ˵ٵĺԽҰϣ⼱ȰõĺĲˣϴ·ϾˣǶЩ֮ѡشҽԺŪ˲ټƷҩʲôģŵ棬ҲԱʱ֮ɡ
Ҷù֮󣬾Ϳʼ淭ҩˮ˼ǩȻһ߶Ůţɶţ
ͮŮشȻ͸еѾϴ˿˿ĸоȴҶҩˮͿĨţ˴һ£Ϳһҩ࣬Žϡ
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ֻ¥תʱҶҪλã¥ǽͮôתתȥģ־еƨ棬ŪͮеΪ飬ֲ̧ͷҶֻͷҶǰȴλгʲôΪ֪飿
µıҲһλĴ
Լʲôͼɣ뵽ֿԣ治Щ
һ顭ҶͻȻſͣЩ˼˵
ʲôͮЩãȻ
ûԿװɣǲڰ棿Ҷ˵
ڰ桭ͮˣʱЦִӲקһ£һĩһԿס
Ǻܿͮͷ֣ҶĿе˸ͷһʱ򣬾ͷԼؿڳ˴İֱֺ¶ķزһࡣ


816 
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ŮǺеʣҶԺҲɵаԵ˵ͷ
˵Ļͮɩ඼еƣȻϿͦ󷽵ģʵӦǱȽϱصġ
ΪҶĹ۲죬ȻȥֵģƺںӣҲŴ˵ЦǹؼʱͺܽƻԲռˡ
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ţҶг΢һ˼֮䣬ͮʹӲȡԿףҶ˵
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ΪټϸղĥĥؽӴ̫࣬ҶɶȻͦղᱧͮλñȽϸߣûʲô飬ͻȻӰǴеϲεضͮƨϡ
׼Կ׿ŵͮͻȻеʲôԼƨϣеڳһֻʶһ£ȴǶӲӲضԼֻԱƫһ£ֵ˻
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䲻󣬵Ҳһһĸ֣ж䣬иСе̨䵱ǲˡ
ĳҲȽϼ򵥣һųɳõϯв輸͵ʲôģҲװ˿յȻ̨ĸǺܲģЩǹҵ豸ԼֻҪԵؽѾС
ҶȰСĵطŵ˳ɳϣ˿æת˹ȥͮװȥӡ
ֻ΢е˷ܶѣƽʱ״̬΢Ӳһͮһ⻰ͰѵĿӸ
Ҷɲ֪ͮʲôôѵˣô᲻֪ⶫأ
ôһŪҶƫƫûʲôйĵط
ڶɽ߶Ҷǹ¼ҹһлҲֻˡ
ǵ̨ĸס˶𣿡ҶΪ˴գ˸˵
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Ҷ˾ЦҲΪʲô⡣
ϵӣͷβʵûʲôĹƽԡ
ҶҲûĵ׷ʲôΪ뷨̫ʵˣκʵʵ뷨ڸı״
ܹʵЩĿ꣬µ˶ԣȴûκεĺô෴һЩڵζԣŬչãȺڵˮƽƴҵǱȽϷʵʵ
ϾΪһ޵뷨˵Ҹ϶ʲô¶
Ϊһ飬ôľʱµˡ
Ҷ˿һϸߵϵӣŵͮǰ˵˽òҪҪƶĻֻ˽ţȻЩ㣬һϵʱ䣬ӦòҪü˹չ㣬ܳ׻ָˡ
ллҶгˣҪ㣬鷳ʹˡͮظл
Ӧõ顣Ҷ˵ͷ˵ɽеΰܳ⣬ļҲǷ¼߷ʱΣҪϵͳжúôһЩǵˡ
֮ͮ󣬾Щ˷Ҷгʱɲǵ̨ĸȥֳЩȤˣһߺܶʣ
ԣǵõĽź֮СҶЦ
Ҷָ˵仰뿪ˡ

ŷŹϣбɳϵͮǳһԼؿڣˣ飬еΪ顣
ͮң˵ӻͷѾûм̨Կˣ󲿷ֵ̨һƬѩ㣬ʱֵܹʮ֮ĵ̨Ĳࡣ
ڻм̨Կģͮɳϣŵӣ뵽˽飬ʱֱ
ϣǽӵѶɽĵ绰Żȥģ˭֪ûеȵɽȴһȺСåҶǣͱȽϱˡ
ֱڣŷһ⣬֪Ϊʲôɽûд绰
뵽飬ЩƣΪʲôôˣɽһӦҲûУ鲻ܹҲԴֻ
ֲ̨ûе绰ûֻãҲûа취֪ͨ
ͶɽǴѧͬѧֻǶɽļȽ֮ͨȻе̨ȷ֮
ͮܿתˣҳֿ̨ȵļߡְˣɽȴһֱڴӣûʲô֮ء
ͮļ棬˵飬һֱǲͬ⣬ĸʾɽһôͶϾŮϵ
Ҳɽɣż˵乫ҲǱ׸ùѪͷ
Щ飬ͮɵôüͷٽᣬ֪ԺҪô
Ҫ˵͸һϣҲ飬Ҫ˵֣Ѷɽ֣Ҳúѽܡ
Ȼ˵ɽ㲻ֲŻеʱеʶһֱǰ˳ûκοǷĵطҲܹܼͮİŵҪԭ
ȻĸѾΰ׶治ѧߵģòӢģõģȨƵģְһͮѽܣͬ
ͮһɽ绰治ɵŭ
ΪɽҲᷢôΣյ飬ⶼˣ˿ķӦѵ˵⣬ҪϼСʱ𣿣
ڣΪ⣬ͮУһζԶɽ˺ǿҵķС
ֻȥתţҪѵ绰ȥȴʼûиʵʩߣҲڿһ⣬Լһ϶ûκεѶôɽôأ
Ȼ˵ΣĵģͮվǶԶɽһ˿ϣϣԼʧ
ϧǣֱͮɳϣ˯ȥֻ֮Ҳû
ȵͮ۾ʱѾǵڶϾŵˡ
ǽϵĹӣϳĺʧ


817 ҵĵ
ڶһ磬Ҷί鳤ɽʥһȺ˴ʮλ壬͸ʾˣ˶ʮ˵ĺƵ飬ȥҽԺǰڹ·¹˵λԱȻתлȥӲ칤
ɽлҲԻ͹һӣȻ˵ǰˣǸȻǶɽбȽϿǰļҵ֮һ
ɽлǰǶɽʱҺͺĺϻеʱֻΪϼµҵеάޣһСȻкüλӵ¹ѧĻеʦΪ߼Ա
ɴҲɼͺڼ˲ŵӡ
ڣɽлԺڲ칫¥ȻǽǰϽЩϽ˵Ǽ֤˹ڻеҵĴѿչǳʷ塣
֮󣬻еҲ˹˽ӪΪɽл
ΪƻõĲɽлָΪĥҵﵮʡڵһ̨ĥ͵һ̨Բĥһʡڵĵһ̨ʽ껹չ̨ĥԲĥ񻹰ڰ칫¥ĴС
ΪڻеҵҪҵɽлĸĥԲĥĥ鲼ڶĻеӹ쳧ҵǳҵ
Ҷǹʱ򣬴клĵίɽﾴĶ˳쵼ǰӭ
Ҳɨ÷ǳɾˮȻΪϳӵԵʣЩķȽϳ¾ɣԺ洦ɼĸ䳤ʮĸߴľһֱǵĸо
棬Ŵ̫ȥҲóȡ
ط¥ǰ棬ȻһˮӴŸʲôĶʱⰻȻǳҶ֮󣬾Ͳɵ̾˿
Ҷгɡ鳤ɽͽ
ҲáҶ˵ͷ
ﾴ̾ȥˮдʲôдˡ
ǳԼֵģҶг͸λ쵼Ƕлĵίɽ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ߶೤ϵжʮصĴ󱿹ϸпȻֳСʺ֭ˮʯ棬ž͸Ѫ࣬ɵϵ顣
ò˵ϵڽⲫսʹãЧǷǳõġ
Ҳ˵һһϣǸ֨֨һͨУŪ֭ˮ磬϶Ǻ֭
ȵ֮ϴֺ˲̸˳ӵ顣
öлҶгǳµĹǡӵίɽ֣ضҶʾ˸л
һι·֮󣬳Ҳһҽ˵ҲȥıȽϼʱĻǵʱ鲻ǷǳأǳʱʧѪҲǳΣյľء
ĻԱҲʲôϡ¶
ԣⷽʱ·ֵҶгȷʵλԱľˡ
Ӧõ顣Ҷ˰ֵΪɽеĴг·飬ô֮
Ҳδء̺˺ߵг١
ҶˣʱͱȽϸȤǾôˣ
˵Ƕ֪λҶгڴ֮󣬱ʡίεģҲ¸ѵ飬Ǿؽһͨ;˵顣
ԭҶ·ߵԭĶɽгҲֻʱǿȥȪ··ȵѲи
гиֵڳ棬ŪõѪۣ;ܾ飬иûüҽѲȥһʬ
ܶ˶޵ѹ
ν²ʶ»ȻڵҶгѱһȣҾͿ˭Ÿɽгĳƺš
˵ģ˵ǳԼֵϣǵõ˴Ͽɵ쵼ˣҪһҲǲܵ顣ﾴЩп˵
ڰɣѵ˵ֵĺ٣ҶЦʵ
ǹͬ־ֵģ۵ģҪǲԸ⣬ҲҴӵϳﾴЦŻش
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ԼǾ֮ͣˣû뵽ȴõлµͬҲ֮ˡ
лҲûԭģҪΪӾӪһЩ⣬Ҫ湵ͨһǷܹıǵĿ
лĲƷҪǴͳҶȻлⷽѾúܲˣǸĻȣںܴľ룬ǹѾʼػתˣڵĻȴûüⷽı仯һܴ⡣
ǲܹʱת˼·ڼ֮лпܻűȽصгǳ־Ӫȥؾ档
Ϊ飬ҶԼбҪ߶úõؿл״Ȼһδķչʶؿʼػ췽涯Խһʡýڡ
˭֪Ҷһ¶ӵĵίɽͳﾴĶʱӶЦҶһֺĪĸо
ô˵ʲôˣҶ°͵
ҶгȻû˵ʵ飬ҲǳӼ쵼飬ֻǻûﾴľЦŶҶ˵
ҶЩ㵣ﾴľͽ͵ҶгˣʵǳܹһֱֵڣЧ滹ֲܱˮƽҪһԭ򣬾һǳʱĿǰϱȽȽһЩûкӹʹڣȻҪÿļԱȥ졣
Ҷ֮ʱת
û뵽ڶɽôһɽ棬Ȼлôһ⣬֪ʱҪԣѵˣԼһλ֮Уˡ
ȻˣҶػʶӦǱȽϳˣΪʲôԾأҶԼ
ڱʮļ䣬ȻǺػȻûռϷ磬ʱƣ֮󣬵ٷչ֮󣬼еĴͻػ
뿪˼ͳһѷ
£ҶͶлδǳУӦƶǷչػĻʧȥȻζʧȥгʧȥҵߡ
ҪʽͶ⣬Ҳؿǵص㡣ﾴҶ͵ʽȻǱȽϳԣģҪתػѵʽ϶Ƿǳģٵĸе⣬ǼԱ󡣡
ҶЩ⣬ﾴľͽ͵ػͳȽϣܶҪߣ·ƸӾϸദʹõ˼ɵ·豸ⷽǱԼļ˲Ųܹⲻǹ⻨Ǯܹɵģһƻɳϰ׼Աޡ
ҶˣʱЩû뵽ƶҵǵӹ󣬾Ȼܹ
ͷϸһ룬;ﾴǵ뷨ƺҲûʲôûһõĿļ˲Ϊ̣Ҫתػûôס
ҵһӾҪ


818 ֧
нд˲ŵȻûһӾɳϰˣƺе̫˰ɣҶȻû뷨ǿȡģҲûбҪô˳ȥֲȥǣ
ҲһȫɳȥĻĹǸȫˡﾴĽ͵ҲƶһƻÿɳʮңѵԱ֤ϲܹʱϹˮƽ
Ҷˣŵ˵ͷ
ղǱѵƻһϾֻһмҵҪһɳϰ˵ĳ޶飬ȫɺܴӰġ
ңûǮȥ
ȻˣҲ٣˵ȥĸҽޣĸҵԸЩˣ
Ҫ˵ҵȻԵ¹Ϊѡﾴ˵
ڵĻչ̣¿ɷΪʱڡ
1979֮ǰΪһʱڣʱڶػص㡢չȱʶԱʲ׼ص£һһ¡䣬ǷѣĻ޷ͣ١
1979֧֮£ա¡⡢ȹػȽչʡ˿ɿԡȶ⣬ػʼʽʹãǰչ
ɷϣЩ䣬ڵػƺ켼˽ϴߣͨȽػʹơ졢ʹˮƽߣСӹȽĲ࣬ͨùȽԪϵͳףӦг󣬵Թؼ顢ռȴϲ
ҪܲԶߡϵͳ⼼֧ţܶչԴڴп׶ΣҪ˵Ƽ١ܡӹػˡ
̸µĹϵлĳﾴľид˵һ׶ǱҪģͬԼзӦļؼģ˵׻ҪԼûԼļƷƣԶҲֱͦ
ﾴĵĻίɽҲкʶҲ˵ûб˿ɼĺļҪģڷҼ˾ԽԽעؼά棬ڵĻҵص֪ʶȨݡ
Ҷǵ뷨Ҳ֪ڹڵĺܶҵ˵ԶʽгӰ̺԰ѡ
ݹ۹ڵĲҵչܶ໹ϮҵݶתƵģʽչҲԸģΪ
ټչɲҵҲҵĺļرǰغսԸ߼˵ġﾴ˵һζģ£һҹͬȽˮƽ֮Ĳ࣬γɼ
ʵػ˵ʲôĶС˼ݻĺûĵı׼ǼӹȣһжΪӹȷģػĿǰļӹȣ¹ȷʵڲСĲ࣬Ҫ¡
ﾴѧϰѡȻǵ¹ػҵ
ٳԵ
ʱиͷȫ˵ͷ˸ֳʮŴϡ

ﾴĺɽͷվ
дˣдˡͷЦ˵λҶгҵõлһ¡
ŶҶˣʱһ㶣֪ʲô˼
Ķӣ֮һڻָãǵʱҽʱĻǱסˡﾴĽ͵
λҶгͷôгҲЩȣ˹Ҫͷһݡ
ɲҡҶ״󾪣Ͻͷס
ҪҶгȣҪˡͷм
ͷԭܹʦܶ쵼㶼ͽܣڼкܷḻľ飬ȻˣżҲμӳҪ飬ΪһЩο
λǺģμӹġһǡ̡
ʱǵļǾԱǼװˮƽԣԶԶǴԭӵըͻⵯϰʱ϶̵öࡣ˵Ҳй˼Ϊһؼԭ򣬾ǵʱļ
ͷ˵ڵʱǸʱڣзѧȨƪ빵ָֹܿѹרѧ磬ˣûʲô˸ȨԾӣоڲγɸ߶ķѧոձҵѧʸĿѧҿۣͬеʱΪۼͨﵩӡ
ԪѫϿѧңҲëͷСӵӱֵۣѧ˼ͼĿٽӿ˼ٶȣĹмҲӿ˼ݶӵĳɳ̡
ͷ̸ʱ˹ϵձƽȣͽ׼ķ飬ʵϲˣһЩϹҲۣϸ͹ϰҲܹ˼棬ʹĿԾ⣬Ǿڹؼͻƣͱ˺мϸµʧܡ
ԵʱĿ飬һγɹеڼм䣬Ѿõֵʶӣǰ˺ܶԤơ
ǻѧҲǱȽŨģⶼһִġﾴľͱʾʽȻҲǷǳԣǶڼ췽֧֣һֱǾΪؼ˼ͼְҲŵġ
ȻˣʱҲһЩͷع˵Ǹʱ򣬲ʲôоǻ˶Ѫó³ɹֻҪһֽŹȥֻҪϱܵĹ涨е³ɹسָ㣬ûһ˿һıԱ˺ܶ༼оϵظЧʡ
ҶҲͷµһЩһЩġ
ϾϵгǱ棬Ȼ͸ҪܣǽϵŸ˵ְƺѧλۣԱҲ϶в˽ıҪ
ڵʱĹڣһ˽й⵽Уڹ˽йϵƻܹǰسԼã֮ڡ
ȫֻҪκһоκһоԱڼͻƣԱĿбҪظͶˣ޳ɱعµļɾ͡
ǰôеˣԴгת֮רҲͶɹȻҪϾùɣֳֵУذ˵ͶɹΥƵˡ
Ҷл쵼㡢˴ǣ̸˺ܾãŸ뿪
쵼ҵҲͦġڳ棬ͷҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ˵˼ͷһϣ϶ʲô飬ܽĹȥ
ܹл빫˽кܴĺô
ڸ߶ػⷽ棬һֱǺܸӹʼո㲻ȥܹöɽлͻƣǿ϶Ƿǳõһ顣
ܿ뵽Լͨ楴Ӷ˹㵽һЩʱӦҲǿóģȥ¹ѧϰʲôģҲɻϻط


819 ˺ܲ
Ҷڿΰлʱͽӵʡʡ룬˵ָƹϸµ֮ѾʽʼҶǰȥָ
Ҷİ£Ʒɲ˳Ϊʡ쵼һʡҵĸʡλ൱Ҫ
һǴʡ棬Ҷ룬һǸмҶ֮ǰİæҲΪָƣ۽ƽҶҲͶأôҪʱ̣϶ҪҶμӵġ
ȻĻܻ˵ʲô
Ҷӵ֮󣬾Ͳ鿴һԼĹţԼڻؾǲμӶʽ֮ǰȥתһȦ۽ƽҲǲѡ
Ͼڲ۽ƽҲãҲãǱҶϵµĴ󽫣ǺܳڵģķչҲȽڴǸùϵһЩ֧֣ҲǱҪ顣
һҲҪǾҶƻֵĸΪֽ飬ðҵϲټ˽еĻϼŵĸҵγһȽϴƷֽȫʵۺĸҵ壬ܹʵԼ͸ҵ롣
һȽҪ飬ǾҶҵĳֹͨ¶ʮգΪҶͳٰ충ʽ˵ʽȷ
ʽǱȽʽʽˣҲȦѸ֪ʽƲμӵ˻Ƚ϶࣬·ҲȽϹ㣬ȻˣҪ緽ˣҲˣоǸҶҹϵеһЩ˵ѾȥһЩͬ־ǡ
¶ʮգҶС
Ҳûȥط򽻵ֱӾȥ֡
һΣȱ⣬ҲֻС
һζӵ֮Ҷ黹ǲģۼֿ죬Ϊڷܣ뷨ҲȽֻܵҪ̫׶飬ǰܹðţҲþʾ쵼
Ҷ;ôһ飬ҲǺܲ飬ԼĳЩϣͿˣЩԼȥ飬ҲϵڵĴˡ
߶ĿҲûеô⡣֮󣬵һоȻ߶ҲȾصĵǸ˵екܴġ
ϴûйʱǺġͲ
˼꣬˿ѾԸֲȾ豸˻ʩԸкתҶڳ˵
Ӹֱͣݵ棬˳ȴ۽ƽˡ
ǵ졭ҶͶӭ߹۽ƽЦԵ
Ϊ˲ͣǰͷǰڣ˳ӹͨԽ㱨߶ܹǰ֪쵼ˡ۽ƽҶ֣ĵؽ͵
ǺǣֵĴӣæȥӴ˰ɣﰲס¾ˡҶ۽ƽ֣˵
ûҶгûڵ֣˶νֻҶгǱдõġ۽ƽ˵
ҶЦЦ۽ƽļͷ˼˵Ƚ⡣
۽ƽˣʱ˺ܶࡣ
ʵ۽ƽ˭Ҳ£ҶһˣΪҶץСӵģôڣҲӲҶġ
ǴڵҶƽ֮ǰ飬ôһָ֮ʹкתˣ֮ǰĨԺӵҵĹɷݣΪԼڹҲûбҪˣЩСȥ̰ͼСǮˡ
һЩʱʡĸʡҲϵˣϵʱǵгľҲˣйҼίһ˾زίӦ쵼
ʱ۽ƽͳһ£˾ּ쵼ʮλ쵼Ͷˣϰλ⻹һЩҵϵλĸǣüһٶˡ
һָƻ㱨ᣬΪˣΪطϵͬ־Ҳһ֣ȻˣǲҪʳޣֻҪṩһ;ͿԣдѹҲûôء
ʱ򣬻ǷһЩг顣
ҼίǱ߶һˣͶָƹ˲ͬĿ
ʵҲܼ򵥣޷ǾΪҵͬһ˾ôҵҪƾͿԣһΪԽҵԽӦøƣĻվҵһ˥䡣
ɾǰܶ಻˵ҵ֮ڶˣܹ˵ƶȲͬĽҲͬõҵҪиƣԱܹӸӦгԽԽá
ҵΪҵܷӪҾҵɥʧӪĻԺԡԺһ˵ڹҵְûʧҵΣգҲûлĿܣĶٺְûϵҶҵӪҲûзȨҵ˶ɥʧһҵĲƷܷгܣһҵܷȥҵܷ㹻ȻԴҵгΪԼӪԣߵע⣬ʽ˲šԭϵԴҵֻͨҵƣſԼҵڳŵĻԡԺʹԣӵȨҵشٽгƵ뷢չ
ҼίǸ˾ǽƱصһ٣ˮֵ֮ƲõĻôȡôĳɾͣ
仰ʵҲкܶͬġ
Ȼܹȡôĳɾͣô˵еľûģĻӦνͣ
˵Ʊ⣬ôҶӦø㲻òŶڼȻ⣬ôͲܰе⣬ھƵԭǲεġ
Ҽί1952ģĸ￪źһʱ䣬һȱǼƻúıݡ1988꣬ҾίϲҼί齨µĹҼίʱҼίλΪ߲εĺ۹ٳе΢۹ҵְܡ
ֱ꣬Ҽί˷ί֮ȻȨĴţСԺ֮ƣӰ֮Ȩ֮Ҫ
Ҽίһ˾λҲǷǳҪˣǶϵطϵЩʡйԱǣǾԳƵ۳ġ
ָƣʵϾҪӹ𽥵ˣ϶ҵӰͣǼίӰ죬ҲǰԼίˣ;øǴǵпʼȨȻ鲻ܺá
ʵϣһļίԱǣɫúܳ
˵ҵƣҲˣƹˤҲǸҼҵôҲҪƣ
¶úܶ벻ˣָͬƵļȷʵǴӹԺֱĵģҲ˵ôԵĻӲͷƤμʽȻǺܲ˵ġ
Ǵʱھ淢ɧһ²ͬģȴǿԵġ
ҶԹۣû˵ʲôԱ߶ЩǱ߶Ի˵òԵ
쵼˵ĻΣҶ˵ӦһȻСʵ
飬ʼ¡Ҷһ


820 
쵼˵ĻΣҶ˵ӦһȻСʵ
飬ʼ¡Ҷһ
ʵҶԸЩϣͽ֮
Ϊô壬ʵǲ󣬶ĿǰĹƹҲûʲôʵ塣
Ҫָ֪ǵõ˹Ժ׼飬һССļί˾μʽļαû¶ԼԼ鷳
飬Ӧӵģûж֮ǰԶ෽ۣ㼺ⶼȨְڡ
һȷĳ֮󣬾Ͳ˵ˣӦؼǻ۵ĽᾧȻͨԼŬȥãΪԱĸڡ
ڵĺܶˣƫƫǸ㲻ʱһζؿ쵼ɫ˵˿ûԼļʶǵ˾Ҫڻƶʱ򣬸ֹֻˣһºǰһ
ĸɲҶȻûκεĺøС
ʵϣЩ¹ĻҶֱӰǸ߳ȥ뷨еġ
ˣ֪ҶϷʼ磬ȥдˮ㡣
ơƣˮ㣬ˬ˹سźţ˵һ
Ҷһ߶Զһ߶¡
ʵ涩飬ԣϣٴģױ˿ۺ첻˵ЩŮǣҲһȽϴĴҶǱȽϸӵġ
ǶϳҶԣȴǲ⽫ΪΨԼòѡеŮᱻŮ˸ˡ
ԣìܵ齻֯һ𣬾ҶٸеЩᡣ
ٵ񲻸ߡʾһ߶ˣ˵
Ƕǰ֢Ӵ˶پͱˡ˵
ٳӡúõķ˻²סǵĴͰҶû˵
Ӧ˵ַ׼ķˣǷǳʢģΪָʽʽЩ˿ܻιۣЩ쵼ǣҪȥˣԽĽӴϯı׼ǱȽϸߵġ
ֶԣôҲ˶Ǯҵ֧ȽԲŰô磬ǵطĻĲҲôȾĻǻӵġ
ǲ˵Զǰʳͨ
Ǳ߶˴Ҳûʲô˼תȿˡ
ľݱǸкʡ쵼һģƺҲûгԶٶǱ߶ͿʼȾˣľݺܿ˸ڣ˳ȻҶ߶̸
¡ʡƵ»Ӳ칤߶ѹҲܴ춼æӦ쵼ˡľЩƣضҶ˵
ǰɽץʡʱǴ֮ĹʽһԲϸ⣬ҪǿʵЧ¶ҲȽɣ׳ɼ
¡˺Ӷʡ֮󣬴¶ûʲôëƤС¶ץסѣ͸˲࣬úܶ˶еΪ
ҲɡҶ֮˵ֻͣҿôҪԭ򣬾ҪڳλðԼֶѡ
Ҷµú׼Ҳиݵģ¡ڲǺӶʡıɲҪʡ߶ĹҪԼ֮⣬Ӧʡίɽ߶ѹԾͱʹֶΣȸһڳһλãпܰԼ֡
ֻǼʵЩ̫׶ˣòҶ˼֡
еĺܶɲ˸ѪͷʡֵĸˣͷҲ١ľݶҶ˵
ֻҪУҲȥҶ֮󣬾Ͷľ˵ҲҶΣϾĸɲԾصĶ󣬵ûԸǵģ¡ֲɵôῴ͸飿
ٳûжɵܹվʡ쵼ְλϵһ˾֮ӹɵġ
ľһʮʡегһŮԣ壬Ҫ˵˺ŵصҲŰ
ΪһëƤС¶Ͷľ֣ôұ֤˼Ĵǣᷢŭһ
νԽϣԽС¡һǿޱȵ̬ҲŻͨϰպͻԱͷѣҪӲҲ׾ʵľϾʵְɲܹġ
µľǣԼ治̤ʵˣŻ˼ҴݾߵļƲߣҪԼţô˼ҿɳ֮ǣԹñˡ
ľҶôһҲҶ˵ȷʵеڿɲегô򵥣ͬʱҶҿصŮԸɲҪģҶŮˣҲҶصյĶ
ôݱڣõں¡ڵĻˮ֮ƣ
ȻǲҪģľȫԸ̨¡ڸﶷǶ£ֻҪԼ⣬Ͳκε鷳¶
ٳϵЩ飬Щҿǰֵ龡˰ɡľҡҡͷ
ľʼռǵҶĲ֣ҪȰָֺƣȻһ廯ĸҵ壬ǿڵĸҵȡڶⶼһµȡռ䡣
ԣڼȻѾˣô߶ҲҪץˡ
ҲһЩ⣬Щձ˵⣬ձСҰڶҲͶʣҪƵĻǣ߶飬ԶԣҪֵ⣬ָһЩ
ҲûôĹǣȻձ˲ιˣǹйʼǴͷֹͨй˽лĶ޷ǾóһǮһ¶ѣҲԲȡһЩֶΣձ˵ȡһֹɷݳЩʲô⡣Ҷᵽ飬ȴг
ձôܷŹĻ᣿ľݱʾ˻ɣǶֿɲһˣ㲻Ҳ˵ǹڲҵߵҪһ𣿡
ǰձڳ⣬б仯ˡҶĻشȴԵЩĪ⡣
ʱǱ߶ϺȾƵһλھǵĸ˾ͻȻҡҡλεضžƱ߹ˣһľͶľ˵ľгôǲ˼ȾƣȣôҲȰƸˣȻĻǿǲ
Ա߶һ˸ƿӣһҵˮֱӽƿİ׾ƹ˽ȥ˹˵˳ϡ
ôһƣɾͲֹʲôˣСƱ㶥ʮ
Ȼȶˣ߶ϷŮгˡ
־ĲίɲǣطϵĹԱǻûʲôƢ㲻ȥǰ¶ĻҲֻűˡ
Ա߶ĺܶ˼ˣҲϰΪſֵ˼Цš
ͻȻһʱȵðǣˡ


821 ҶٵĴ˵
ͻȻһʱȵðǣˡ
ʡθгڸλί˾Ⱦ͵ôһ𣬲ɵһ
ʲô¶ɵ˵һ䣬ͽĿתǱ߶
ֻԱžƿӣһžƱһվȻûϵȻ˸ǣ
ǵĶ棬ɫˮҶֻ۾ƺɱˣ۾߿ֻȸһ㡣
ʲôôûòʡĸɲ˾ˣͺܲ˵ѯʵ
ΪͬӾǹμʽĸɲȻһģʱƣȻͬ飬Ҫ֪ǲίĸɲжӣǾǴұˣȥ֮󣬿϶ǻᱻЦġ
ʡĸɲǱļαӶʡġ˵ľȻҶʱ˲٣ҲҶݣһ̯ʾԼʺϳ档
˾ˣʱüͷһ
ȴѰ˼λʲôͷȻֳ棬͸ƿڴҪ֪߶ĸɲƼʡҲ˼λǲСء
һ£;ˣӦòʲôɲݣǸɲˣҲһСԱʲôģ˻һСƳʲôģְ˶棬͸ûƵģƾʲôҶ˴У
ǹԱôֻһݣ̡
ǿͣҲʲộ⵹˾Щɻʲôأ
˾Ŀתתȥͷģ϶ˣûпʲô֮ĳ֣ƶѡ
ԭҪֹһµģǷֹ֮ҲԸ˵ˣֻǳĬ̬չ
˵ȻҶˣ鱾ͲǺܸˣһЩĵ飬ȴû뵽Ȼ˹Ҫǿľƣʱŭա
ľʲôݣʵְɲҶҶϵҶҶٵŮˣȻźȾƵĻǿϷ⻹𣿣
ҶûֱӽƿҵǵϣǷǳˡ
Сͬ־ĸλġ˵λ˾ϺǹҲסôǾĸɲϵطϵЩʡǣҲûжٵľ⣬ȻھϯϱһëͷСӸˣеջȻ޷ݣûеأ쵼
˾ļ̾ʹչˣĦȭƵģȻеҪֽѵҶһĴ㡣
ߣֻһߴ
ӵĸȻͬʱվλˣһǺüԣӣɫƵضǡ
Ȼ⼸λǸղǹһġ
˾һƣʱͱɫ
ȻְλߣھҲЩСȨˣϾʡ쵼࣬˾ɹģղŻȨģȴЩ˾ּĸɲǣΪˣǵļʶҲ͡
ֻҶ߶⼸λ;Բһ㸻ֱڡ
ңȾƾͲȾƣŶô˾ֹ̾˾ЩɲǣЩɵؿҶһۣλһҵӵܣȻдߵģ
ֻҶһӦҲûУϻһƬˮ㣬˹ؽĻʲôĸȻŸľ͵˵档
ľƺҲϰһ㣬ûʲôʾȻؼƬˮ㣬ŵ档
˾ˣʱ͵һ˵쿴ƣȷʵᵽˡ
ľݿɲ˵һֻǾٶץʵȨ˾ҲľгĳЩ滹ҪʵȨһЩ
ΣľҲгôͽһһЩӵιʳ˵ȥеզˡ
ȻλĹϵԲһ㣬ټϸղվǼλԵشо־Ƶǣ˾ܹ̾϶λ˲õĴ
Ҫ֪һӵܣٴƶ߶ҲûʸЩųƴǵľģΪЩ˿ɲΪ˽ṩġ
ǣλ˲ǳңͬʱӵкܸݵ
뵽ľǵг˾Ȼһ£Ҫ߿ֻת;Щ׵Ǳͷʵ쵼ĪҶ
Ҷˣм죬Ǹ˾ȻǰûмǾȻܹµԼ·ȴҲЩˡ
͵˵ͷҲû˵
ԭҶǣǸղźȶ˵ð̫ʧˡ˾Ҷͷʱֱð亹ϽͷصǸ
ЩɲǣȴЩ㵣֪Լ쵼ôͻȻͲݼˣ
ί쵼˵طϣ˵ǼٴģǲطϵЩɲǣֻҪû鷸ʲôģɱһеĴڡ
ǽǸ˾ı־ͺܹˣȻһôģǻһ㣬ܲЩ۸ڶĸɲǣе޷⣿
ˡҶ˰֣ƺǶ鲢ûзϡ
˾ˣʱ˲٣ֵ˾лϽ뿪ˣû߶ԷȾƣż̾ͻ˱ݡ
ڳ˲٣ҶЩٳˣ߶ı仯Щ
˵ʲô·ܶ˵棬ôһͷ
ŲܹѾһλʵȨ˾ŵƨģʹһ
˴ôһĥʱҶЩ
ĪǣλǵļίҶǸһλί˾ȻЩȵ˵
λҶǡʱҲǸʡ쵼ץʡĹҵȨλͲһˣ˸λ˾˵ʱҲںСģѾˣȥ˶ɽίǡг
Ȼ˾֮ҲеԾ
˵ǰҶԣȽϵ͵ĻƳ˻ƶȣҵ˶ɽеĴг֮ھǹٳȦˡ
ϾھҶңҶǷǳģصעģҶҵӵǣҲǸֽ㡣
Ҷҵļ̳ҶҶٵʱѾھǹٳУ׹˭֪ҶôһţѾʵְɲˡ
ٶ˾ּĸɲǶԣֻҪŶеˣ֪ôһ¶
λί˾һ𺳵ı飬Ҳепû뵽ҶٵͷھȻô˾ŷӣ˾ĪһҲҶӰɣ
Ӧôһ仰ȻѾھˣǾȻŶٵĴ˵
ܹųĴڣҶϣжôأ
뵽ԼʡҲɵðԸпһǳǰˣǰɳ̲ˡ


822 ûʧ
ڶһ磬ͿԿӷĸ׼ȫλ̨ʲôҲˣʡίǰԪҲ˹⵹֮ϲ
ϾΪίʡίһԪĵҲ־ʡ֧̬ȣΪֵĸƹʾ֧֡
Ҷھϵһֵ֣ĸʽͱ˳ˡ
أǺܿģǾ˾Ƕ˵ˣʡίİԪҲ˵ˣص顣
ô˵أֻ̫ӣѹסЩ۸ڶľٶɣôشġ
ô˵ʡкôģذ¶ûô鷳ˡԪĻ󣬾͵˵ͷȴɫ
Ҷµˣŵ飬ʡɲһϾܲίӻкܶ࣬˭֪Щ˻᲻ỳģҶûа취Ͱìͷתʡͷ
Ļɾ˳֮ˡ
ҲҪ̫ģٶҲǱȽϴģӪˮıͰοȥǵʱ򣬻֪ӴǵˣǲЩأ˵Ȼ˰ƸĸܻӰ쵽ط룬Ҳܱ˿Ųӵ淢ȼȰԼãԴ
ô룬ǺοġԪˣ͵˵ͷʾںܶͬ־ڷ˰ƸĸִȽϱۣҪҿĻֻѹ֮£ŻжȥһЩ飬Ͽֻһ͵ط⣬ϸоδڱŵطϷǱܣչء
˵öԣҪˣҲòްԪһ䣬ΪⷽĻԪĻδؾǺҲ²⡣
ȻˣǮҲܲҪԪЦ˵פĹҿҪúüǿģͶʷΪطȡĿʽЩͬǳҪܲԭǵǲǮܵ˵Ŀڴ棬˱˵ķչʽɣ
ǵģ¶ϲ̣ʡҲǾǷûǵǮȥ־÷ǽƶøˣͷʾ
һεָƣǵľĺܴ󡣡Ԫһӣĸɲ飬ʵ뷨ʲôҪһ
Ȼ˵ָǹԺ׼ƶһص㹤ǽʹиƣȷʵð˺ܴķյģΪط쵼ʵϴ˶Ŷֶ֡
ҲǱȽģϾԭֵӮǺǿģĻУȻһġڵ൱ѵõļѼ
֮Ҳܹ֤һδ֪
ٵˣ뷨ҵǲһģҪ֣ÿ궼ܹȶ֣ԱܹԼִõϼĿ϶ͬ
ҵôӪģҲ֡
ǣҵľӪƷشĸı䣬ܶԾӪʽëɱȽϴӰʱطٿ϶סˣΪôĶпܻӰ쵽ǵġ
һ֮ҵëͻȻ½ֻһڣڵطٵ棬ҲǺܴһ©ֽϣǾǵطˡ
ԣΪԼͻӺÿ󲿷ֵطǣǲϣԼϽ֮ڵҵҸƵģΪôķ̫ˣпܻòʧ
ֻʡίԪǵ֣ر飬ͿԿóָ飬ͬкܴǣֻľȻѾˣҲֻ᳹ʵѡ
ʵϣʡУָƵ飬ǻӭģֻЩεؽܶѡ
˰ԪǵĻͿʼĥ顣
ΪҶϵҪɽǵõҶĴֵģҶ뷨˽ҲȽ϶һЩ֪ҶڸҵĳԶǣдЩġ
˽棬Ҳ۽ƽйεĽӴڽ̸Ҳ˸ƶҵɵӰ졣
Ǹֵͬ۽ƽȴΪƶֶԣʵһ¶Ϊ֮һڵпܻڵĻϣһ
ôܣԪĻ֮󣬲ɵʧ˳һҲûΪʡίһ֣ʶԼеʧ̬ѹʵһﵽġڵѾڹڸҵбΪҵӢˣ֪жĽܷһ顭
Ԫе𾪲װģڵĻϣֵܹһĻǾͺʵ˵һ飬ָǳɹģͬҲ֤ĳЩ˵ۣµҵƸʺǵķչ
ôһĻеһЩҵӪ״ãԸиƵĹ󣬶ʱҲû˼ַԵɣΪ˼֤ͬһ飬ǾǼеƶȣֻΪг¢ϵԭܹӯĻƶһû˿ֵ
Ҳ˵׼ֻ۽ƽܵĺ㣬Ӧܹﵽġ֪鲻˶˵Ͼδ飬Ҳǿһµķչƶѣ˵׼ġ
ڵ۽ƽܹʵĿ꣬˹⾭˽ϴı仯ʱǾͲ˵ˡ
ϾҵȽܵصӰ죬һԵı仯ͶʲôģϸƷزгչʲôģôֲĵĸ϶ͻ˱仯һг٣ҵҲͲùˡ
ڰԪǵ⣬Ҳ˵ôƶ
ԪĻҲ֪¶ֻܿȥıһӴԶĿ꣬ʵǲʵģΪеżȻԺͿɲ̫ӣ׼ȷ
̸̸¶ʱͳĬˡ
ԪǵеӣȻϣָƳɹģϾҲʡһиƵʹһƳɹǾĳģͬʱҲʡķչӳԣʽǷǳؼ顣
гɹĿܣʧܵĿܣκﶼǾԵģ˭Ҳұ֤۽ƽûаǵʱ
һˣôӰɾ̫ˡ
ĸݰԪǴʱ飬Ǿǡûʧ
ΪʡĴԱԪ̬ûôܵӰģֻʡе⣬뾩ǱȽϽ÷չٶȴȽΪʡίһԪȻϣԼֻ䵱һλسɵķ⽮ҲϣĽȡ
ֻɼܹҲǹٳϵĹʶ
ԾýΪĵĽ죬չĳɹֳܹԼ
ǣ븱ʡָʽҪʼˡʱĹԱ˽ѵ
߰ɣǺûǻҪԵġԪվЩпض˵


823 ּ¾
۽ƽڼҶʱ滹еС˷ܵġ
һΪָ֧ƣҶͨ跢չеĹϵ۽ƽڵĴֵİٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
ȻˣֻǳļƻҪõٷ֮ʮĹɷݣɲô׵ģ۽ƽҪ֤Ϊҵڴ൱ͬʱҪ迪֧һʺô
ôȻҲΪʹиƵżһЩԤԴʩ
ϾѾ˵ҵԣܹõĶĲˣҲһЩ豸غͲֹԴȵȣҪټһϵ磬ҵԣǿɾһֱ־ܹĴҵ
ҪôһҵĹȨһ֣ͳҲǲܵ顣
ԣҶֵĸָ˼룬MBOģʽеģִֻеϸ࣬ܶȽϿ̣ڹûжˮԡ
۽ƽȴûжٵǵģΪֵǺĵģҲ֪֮ҶܻὫֺʱǿǿֵĽ϶ҵǣôһĻֵ϶ô
ôԼǩͬȻȽϿ̣ܹ֮ջ󣬳˰ٷֹ֮ɷ֮⣬ҪŶڵĺ
ǰ̰µЩӲͬЩǮȷʵԼ˹ģõ÷ģõκε⡣
ôһĻܵȻޱ泩
佾꣬ŬչҶ۽ƽЦŶ˵˰˸֣ȻֲϵϵǱ߶кܶྭ鱨Ըṩο
Ҷľ鱨֯ѾϹˣһҪΪ֧ڵʽ𣬵ǻرҲǱȽϾ˵ģ˶ĸ־Թƣ֮ܶǷǳġ
Ҷг۽ƽ֣صصͷ̬
ʽڶʮʮӾеģصֱݵĻС
ҵĹҲȽϸߣſͬʱᣬʩȫȽеʱ濪Ҳܵ
ңԼԽϰˣʣµľǷԱнڸýļǡ
֮ܶ˵Ĵңͷܶϯ
ΪʡίԪǺ͸ʡԱĲμӣйҲί˾ּ쵼ϯʡ̨ԴҲǳӣɳרŵȫֱֱͣڴ档
ʡί쵼͹Ҳί˾˻ָƱʾ˴ַ֧֣Ҳһ̵Ĺ㱨ʾҵѾͳһ˼룬ȫԸô¡
쵼ʲôĲûռúܶʱ䣬ԼҲǰСʱӣžָƹɹչʾȵȣⲿȫ⿪ŵģ쵼MBOĿȵȡ
Ȥģ쵼MBOľĵľôõһҵٶľ˶Ĵۣ͸õȥˣ
ǿǵıݣ֪۽ƽ־ǣҪõٷ֮ʮĹɷݣȻҪԳʽͶ֣һҪһӯĿʱȺʱͷˡ
飬ֱδŵģҪǰֵһֱƾǹʲʧˣ̼ٺܶࡣ
Ͼ۽ƽٵķպܴ겻ӯĿ꣬õĹɷòԼͶʽҲˮƯ
ҪõԼ棬ͱȫԸͶ뵽ֵĹȥֻаҵˣпܳΪֵĹɶøֺȵȡ
еļ̾ͷ˻⣬ҵƶܹʵʩĻôڵִìܻٺܶࡣ
Ҷг
Ҷڿ֮󣬴ϯ̨ϳ뿪ʱ򣬾ں
ͷһҲˣӵļ߳¾Ҳ뼸λ쵼ü֮һϰҶƽҪӵһλ
¼ãû뵽Ҳˣһֳָĳ棬ǲСλŮ߶ˡҶ˳¾̾Ц
¾ĺ棬żλĹԱӵ̨꣬Ȼһ·¾Ĳɷ
֮󣬳¾˵û뵽ҶгҲμָʽģ
ȻˡҶ˾ЦΪϵҲսĵطټҶԹҲһЩĵãμĻҲǿġ
ҶгָƷʲô¾Ȼؾ⡣
ڶָƵķ˵硣е˵̫ˣֻ쵼Ļԣᵼҵʧе˵ʵʣֱ޷ôȵȣ֮ܶǷ֮ռ
ͦ˼ġҶ˾˼һ£Ȼشǰŵ̫ˣҶ˵ǹʲʧˣ˵ٶˡżˣ쵼㲻ͨٱŬòԼ棬Ǵ˵̫ˣǰ첻顣ķǲǻ˾ú֣
¾ŻͲҶڶԼ
˶ܰ쵽飬ƾʲôܳΪҵĹɶǾûл᣿ѵֻΪϵеλȨƣܹõ㹻չʽ𣬽ùҵǮҵԼУȻ󷢺¼ô׵飿ҶһǳҪ⣬ֻܹɱ޷ɵ񣬲ܹ֤ȷʵҵõģҲֻɳΪҵĹɶ
ллҶгĻǺ¾ŻͲ˵һ䣬ȻкԱ
ʲôʱϹģϿûмǡҶʳ¾
ʵ¾ĹϵҲһ֮Եѣ̸жôϤֻǳ¾ӵƼߣͬʱҲһЩ⾰ˣҶҲ˵ȫͲʶټҶƽĽܣҶҲܹȫӳ¾ĴڣϾҲһӵ⡣
ǣ֮ţӵߣӦ֮ˣΪʱпܹһְֱ·ŵطȥתĿܡ
ϲŸϹģ֮ǰʡʡвɷ񡣡¾شȻ˵Ҷгͻضɽȥ𣿡
ţʱȥҪؾһ˶е˽¶ҪҶش
Ƕɣ¾ˣʱЦ
ôҲ֪ˣҶˣЩ죬תһ룬;¶ҲûʲôϡģģЩˣҪ͵һЩģҲˡ
ǵݣע˲ܵ͵ġ¾Ц
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣҶҶϣ͵һЩȴǲ֪ܲͨģֻҪһȥͺѵ͵
߶ûʲôˣҶгûʱ䣬һһ¾ȻʵҵǺϣרء
רþˣ쵹ǿԵġҶʱЦˡ
ʵڼߣ֪ߣӦøùϵģ˸ԼƣԶΪ˵ûǺܴġ
ԣùϵҪƽʱʼʱô治ЧҲá


824 ʵҲһ
ҶҲȱϵͳԴļҲ١
Ȼ˵ϵͳԼļ֣Ϊ࣬Ҫһڴ֣ԼҲԼĻ档
ȻˣҲһЩиԺļǣϲĸԴ߽¶һЩ棬õطе޹⣬ƫƫЩƺкǿıûа취
ö֮Щ߾ͳе廯Ϊеߡ
ˣҶȻô¶ġ
Ӧ˵⻹һЧӦá
ʲô˵㣿ںϵĳ¾ҶĻʱЩ˼˵ҵͺܴһ
ȫ˼ˡҶˣɵЦ
˴ӻ᳡뿪֮󣬾͵һ߶
ڵѾȽˣ£ȵԵСʳʵǺܲѡһ߶ųԺʵΪҶṩ
ʲô˼أ¾治ЧӦ˵ʲô
Ų˰ɳ㣬ǻ㣬Ųںϲɳǻŵָۣ۾ͻߺüǣɳ裬˶·;ֺܳ˲̵ɳһصͷˣʹЩģҲһϢҶԳ¾͵ֻһλɳǻģҺͣ׬ǮҲȱ˵ĶࡣسɹܣֱǲŴֻۣǶһ㡣
Ϊʲô¾ˣЩȻ֪һʲôãѵеҽ
ԭΪҪʳװۺڻİͻĴζɳ㷢һ켺ӺҲζһɳŻصۿڣνЧӦҶ˵
ˣ˼ʵ˵ļߣӦҵе켺ӡ¾ǸҶ˼
ţ˼ˡҶͷ
ʵϣΪΪٷϵͳ־Է񼸺һģܹӵԼ˼ͻȨ£ⲻΪû˲ţʹȻ
кܶ£ֻҪ˵һ䣬ͻµóһӦô˵Ĺ£ͳϵͳС͡
Ҳֱý𽥷ſһЩҲһЩȽϹע˵ýĿ˵°һЩ̸ĿЩϵͳˡ
¾ߣʵҲڳ䵱ϵͳڲãͨǵУϵͳҪڼĺȥ
ߣһʼʱ򣬸߲Ŀǡ
ʵҵҲͬ⡣ҶһתĿǰٲֵĻصλ͹ʵеĹп;ϸڣǺܺõĵַܹͣʹ˲ΣдӶõعͬģ󲿷ʧܵĹ˾ȶһЩʾѾ⣬˵ҵճƣȱѹ㰲ʣԱԣһЩǱԱòַӲܵĻᣬǻ뿪˾߱ν˷ѵҵʧȥ
¾ղŻһϣ͵ţʱҶ˵ɵץԼСӣһ߶һ߶һЩݣӡ
˵Ҷ˵һҵҪϲѪҺЩг˼άݵְ㣬ЩʲԷ⡢ѭؾɵԱ͹Ŵѹܻɳǵʶ;ʤ֮ġҪϵ¼¹ա豸ʹҵǿӦ
ˣ֮ҪĸΪҶû˻ĺû˾ʶ¾˵ҪгƣЩǣɳǸ̼ûԾ˵˵⣬ʵҪȹүǵĳƪǿˡ
ǺǣٳϺγĺҶЩԳضԳ¾˵ԲŻôһٳ̥ĳ֣ʵϣٳԣҲһֵ㣬ΪľǰˮˣôҶð
ԼĶλͦ׼ġ¾ˣɵЦ
ܼϣȴתתȥģȻʲô顣
٣븱ʡĵ绰Ȼ˹Ҷֻ˵
ҶЩ죬û뵽ʱԼ绰Ӧʡĸ߹ǲŶԣϾʡίԪҲˡ
븱ʡʲô¶Ҷӹ绰ʵ
ҶгʡİҪӴλԶͬǣ⽻μӡ˵
ŶҶԥһ£Ȼ˵еˣҸҪؾȥ涼ʼڴˣҸǽһ£˵һлʡĻԵŰݷá
Ŷõĺõġ֮̾ʹӦ
¾˾ЦӺô˼ʡίμ磬ֱӾƵˡ
Ҳû취飬緹Ǿͼƻ뿪ˣûʱ䡣Ҷһ̯
ţ˽⣬ŻȥأСǾǶӵܵأҶٸˡ¾˵һ飬ĲģҪһˡ
ôŵġҶƲƲǶô
Ҷ٣Ƕ飬ܸܲҷ¾Ȼʵôĳ棬һûмʶء
СһأҶǺܼҡͷܾˡ
Ϊʲô¾̾۾һĲ˼飬ҶôˣΪʲô᲻ãͲһ˼ҵĺ
飬μӵζͦߵģģ˵ǲġҶʾԼΪҲ֪ƵĳϣǾǸ֮ĽˣһҪǷߣСǣȻ͸ܱμˡ
ʲôǣҶٹ⺮ǰɣܰǸָ𣿡¾Щ˵˵
٣ˣˡҶһԼĶͷЦֶ鷳һʡԾ׳⡣
ǣˣȷʵûʲôûرﾳ֣ǻ˴ܲõġ
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ĳϵУҶٱ˹飬ǶھгСĽǣǶҶٵ֧ǶԣʲôϢ
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ǰǴǳȥǣǳǣߵһ·ƽ̹ĺܣмֻмʮɽ·ѣǱȽһ·ˡ
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˵Ҷ˵ͷ
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Ȼǽ֤ˣǵطҶˣֱӾͶ˵
ȥ10£Ժ֤ȯίԱ֤ȯලίԱҲ־֤ȯгͳһƿʼγɡ
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Ϊã֤רҵĽڹ˲ŻǱȽϿģŻ˵ܵн֤ĿԣҪǸںĻͷҲѽȥġ
أͲˡʾڿ˾˵
Ҳˣ߶ҲǸΣҵҪҶ˵
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ֵطǸܸ߷һеȨİԱҲױеҵʴ£ġҶͶ͵Ÿճã÷ǳܵҪǰѳֲסĻûؿǣʡõʱ¶ͷˡ
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Ĳ˵ҶǶȨġ
粻ҶҵȨ죬Ҷôһ˾ܵס˼ҵ𣿵һӵ֣ܳ͵ý˾ԹԵعˡ
ȨĴڼֵڷƲȫƶ©£˺͸ˣȨŪĶûκεķء
ָֻ飬ҲֻеˣŻø̡
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һιһԽҰһǹŶɽյĳӣҲһųҲװģôһֵ
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طȻǹ·㣬ߣôȻҲȥǸˣоƶţûжԸȥġ
ϧǣطĺܶ쵼ǣ˼ǱȽһ㣬ҲǴĹǣԸѭؾɣԼһС̶ӡ
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ҶϵĲоԽԽˣһֺëսС
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ʱ򣬴Ҿоһ־ҵ𶯸Уƺ涼ʼ


826 ɽ廬֮ľѻ
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˶оɵЩ󾪡
ǵҲǺܺ£ĽҰģǵҲûжĹϵֻҪǵȻѿһֱӽҸ˽ȥĻҲûʲôɵĵġ
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ǵ𣡡Ҷλվˣеĸʾ˵ɽ廬£
ղһۣͷһǳ˵
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ܳһӣһֱȽ˹ģ˵ֿڵ̲סһ䡣
ҵɫǺ׵ģʾǷ˳ӣŻ·棬һ·
ҲҺ߶·Ȼ·̫ãǳȻֻܿǴڳ汻ñȽǱѡ
ټĺ᫵·Ͻһʻţ˶ҪץԵķ֮ĶðȫԼεع̶סܹǿĴײ
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ܳҶҲɵһ䣬ӵ棬ǿͣ
һ𿪳ȥһĵطͣ
ʱ򣬾ɽ廤µĵطѾȽԶˣЩɽϻʯ඼߶ЩѾǵĳӺԶֻǾѾˣҲʲôʵԵ˺
ϵˣǴ׵ģȻǱŵòᡣ
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ȻղҪƵͨһɽµµĻͱʮصɽʯˡ
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ǰܹʵ̫ˣֻԶԶһ·ѡ
ĸо顭˵
ԼҲе֡ҶҲе˼飬Լƺôһδ֪ĸоˡ
˵˵ɽ廬֮ǰΪɽĻƶдҲܹӦҲ˵Ļĺѽ顣
ͨѵ20HzΪͨҲ
˵ĶƵʴ50000HzĳƵΪʮյĳ֮Ķܹ
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صǴ͸ǿƹϰ˥СԶǶΣȽϴԽߵĴƻԽʹ豸ѣ𻵣صĻѪѣΣ
ҶҲȽϷϿѧ
ֻǳļλеɣ˵ҶһǱȽϳ˵ģ˵㣬ĻôĶΪʲôԼûʲôӦأ
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·ǲܹˣǰϵһ£ǷȻƽ֮Ҷ͹ǰ
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һȷʵǰһϵľǣǷȻ
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һҪȥʾ̾͸͵
ûоִˣ޷ݷġ
ֻиֵܵŻĴи̵⡣
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ȵǸʱҲܾСɫҰѩ
Ϣһ°ɣ棬ڻҶһͷԸ˸ƽ̹ĵطͣȻ˳һ¡
ʱѾָƽϽӺľƹ˼ƿƳҶ˵٣ôҺȵƣѹѹɡ
šҶ˵ͷ˵ʵڵģԼҲҪȵѹѹȻǱȽϺģҶȵưɣ¶ֵģء
飬ȻǸˡ
ǰǶٸоǶطˡ
ʮֵʯѹҪûиҲŪġ
Ҷͷ˸طɹŴ̫ȴеķȷʵܴ
һ֮䣬ķӦѸ٣ϹʱһˣûҴĿԡ
ƾȷʵܹͷĺö˼ھ֮˵鶼ȶˣһЩ±֮Ķ˺˰װһ߶ţһ߶š
ҶŶĿԶ֮ɽ¿˹ȥȻйâ䣬ƺǾ֮Ķ
ĺëоǱ˸һ
ܳѻǹҲ֪ôģҶ̾ʲô
оѻ֣Ҷ;ĵѣһһ߶žһԾŶ㵽˺ı
ͬʱϸղǿʯͷһӵУʱѳƬʯҷɣЩ˺ϣ˱һ
ûмʶΣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ƶԱ߶״һסֱۣ͹·߶ڲݴ֮УȻɽϿ˹ȥ
ֻĹâһһӵʹ˹ǳķȥģȻԷϵ˭ҪĿģ˼ԣҪҶ
ű𶯣庰һȻӷҲյ˺ĺ棬ȴһ߿˺ĳţ˳ִһı
Ҳʮӵʱ䣬һ֧µľѻǹ
ʾҲûţϵֻϵǰϵˣɽоѻ֣עܷӣ
ʲôǰϵˣʱ󾪵
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼɽ廬ֳ֮˾ѻ֣˥ˣ


827 
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ֻԷƾɽ棬⵹ǲôˣҶб£ҲҹȻóͲԺ䣬Ͼôһ㣬ִˣ˭Ҳ޷
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ʵڲУҲֻûͲˣԷ棬ɽͷϲȥġ˽顣
ڵǺģҶ˱֮ʯֳһ֣ǰ泵ˣһǱ߶ɽȥҶ߶ڶԷľѻصע֮£ܹṩķֶΣûзĿԡ
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жϲĻóȻпܻν
ҶƲһ£;öԷֻ࣬һѻ֧˲ᳬ⿼ǵɽϣҲǿɽܹҵǵĽͨߡ
ˣҶֻԥһ£̾˾
ڵģûͲҶһĴȵ
ڲݴ֮УͿһӳϳ˳ĻͲö
ʱѾѻǹ׼ҲɽϣղŹâĵط
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Ҫ֪ѻǹֶ׼ĻȷȿɾͲԶˡ
ȻԷ΢ðһͷͱץסսǹ˶Էθѣð˺
ֵͷҶˣЩʵ
ͨľѻǹӵȻȽϴ󣬿ȴûЧȻǹװǱȽӵͷ
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ֻӰڶζӵ˹ȥ
ԼԿе£Ȼˡ
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ʾԵǹеɢɽϳ壬֮޼䣬ѵأȻ֪Ӧµľ档
Ҷһ֮ѾɽͷʱҲеסˡ
ҲȥҶʹӲݴܳ˵
ʱȻеŵģû뵽һθ쵼ľ֮УȻôĳ档
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÷һҶӸһ֧Ȼʾһ£ɵ䣬Ҹɵɣʡһǹʹӵ
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һڽϮ飬Ǽµģ͸С
ۿװֱӰӾʹӶˣʼɽ·һ·ϮҶʱðɡ
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˵ɽ廬¶ΪɵģĻôôɾҶʱͻȻ
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ֱֶԷȻлͲ֮ҲǱһû뵽ԷϾǵ·ϣȻֶܴ
ҪǰĻıͼˡ
ҶֱĻֱĺ벿֣֮Уֱβ͸ըֱʧȥƽ⣬ȻţȴѾʧȥ׼ͷ
žͼбһӿ׹䣬ˤ˰ɽϣϵ·š
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쵼ͻȻоеֳ棬ͻͻͻһ
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һҲԶ˹ǻˡ
绰֧ԮɣȵðԱˡҶ˿Ա˵øϽҽԺУʱϵþˣ׳⣬Ӱ쵽Ժ
ɽһӦĸˣըһʱһ磬ˡЩƵضҶ˵
طôܵˣҶ˿ɽ棬¶ͣûɽ·ĺܻɶԷôܵġ
һжɡʾҲֱƸˣԾͽ͵
ɡҶ֮󣬿˿ɽ£˵ʹöɡǱȽϺʵģղųɽʱȷʵ㹻ɡ뿪ˡ
ϧղûаѾѻǹĻжɡҲܰЩڵ
ˣ˺ܲץס˼ģܹüĿġҶ˿ŵʬ壬̾˿
һûͲʹһֱʱ˲뵽˸ղŵ飬ɵöҶ޵
ðҲû뵽лͲҶԾЦЦ
׼ȫԼľֶսǿһеˣϾԷѻֱֺɡˣǾӸ£ûе֣⡣


828 Ѫϴһ
ʲôһΣӵϢҶүӣɵòȻŭ
ΪҶҪ飬Ҷ֡
Ȼ˵ҶүǴڴ棬ε쵼ǣ˵ʱһЦűʾԼʱҪȥμӶʽʲôġ
ҶүӶҶǱȽġ
ǽȻӵҶĵ绰˵;УһϮһɶԷΪɱȻΪһɽ廬¼ͬʱ˾ѻֱֺһʹ˶ɡ
Ϣ֮Ҷүӿ˵ŭڣİ
޷ˣҶүŭ˵
ȥ¶˾ģֶ˵ҽӽͬ־Ҫȥ˵һ˵顣
ˣ̾͹ȥ绰
ôˣûп׳ôʱһȽϵҶүӣȻҲ˱ŭʱȷʵ˸еЩ޷ܡ
绰ܿͲͨˣҶүʵͬ־ȥҪ˵
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ʵ˵Ժӣ۲ǺԶһҲǲС
ߵԺ棬Ϳͬ־Ѿˣվſӭ
ҶôȻҪ绰˵Ҳͬ־Ц
Щ飬绰ϲ˵Ҷүӱ˵
Ŷͬ־ˣϱһ˵дҪ˵ˣҶϣ롣
˽˷֮ҶүӲ˵ͬ־Ҷ;У⵽װɱԷ˾ѻ֣ɡװֱڹ·һɽ廬£
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鵹װģȷʵе𾪡
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ͬ־ҾãЩ飬˱봦ʱˡҶү֣صرʾ
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ðɡ뵽ҶҶԼȶֵҪԣԼһֱ֧֣ͬ־ڵ˵ͷеõάõţ
šҶүӿ˽ͬ־̬ȣŵ˵ͷ
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װֱֱӴӾɣҲǶʮӾͷɹˣڿתȦоһµΣȻһͣڿ䣬ܾ
ӻҶҲееԾ
壬˼ôҲˣҶȥӭһ£Щʵ
Ȼھǵϴŷ飬ôܲҶ֣´һ֮󣬲˵ȥⲻ󡣡
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ҶĸָͷĴˣҲ¶һٷܺжǸֵֺģԲݷݣ߲ԥôҲų˽飡
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Ҷ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
Ҷƺһ糣ı飬岻ɵҲЩ֣ͲʣǷʲô𣿡
ûʲô˼𲻹ˣͲ߻жҶһֵģͬʱôģȥҲûмˣǰεʱǾӦ˰ɣ
飬Ҷʵˡ
һΣҶһĴװϮһθйϵӹ˵ˣΣɶǻʵĴɱ
˵鲿ڵô֮󣬶ûеõʲôмֵϢҲ̫СˣֻҶүѾоڣ˵һ⣬ͶĻ
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áҶ˵ͷͬ顣
Ҳ˵ͷøҶ˵ǹ򵥣㵽ֹ
ֱϵ˾ͿʼֳΧϸĵ飬ǼϵĶϸϸɸһ飬ȥ˰ɽǼֱ׹ĵص㣬ԼֱĲк˼顣
һӲкҵˣɽˣгɡܵһһεжԷһ߸ˡ
˵ǵʵȷʵСˡ
ʵϣԷĲãҶе¨ӵĸо
׼˶󣬱Ĳֻۣÿװֱ·ϵúںһ飬ʲôⶼ
ɽ廬ҲãʹþѻҲգ˿ӷƨûʵ塣
ȻˣҶҲܹǵĹ˼ɣϾҪװֱĻ¶ûκλתأҶҾһ̳ˣһܹ֮ŭǸ÷顣
ܹ˹ɽ廬£ҶǸѹõİ취ˡ
ԷĴ㻹ǺܺõģԤͻһ꣬Щ˹ɽ廬µĺۼҲᱻϴøɸɾҲκε֤Ҷ˵
ϧ첻ǡҶһоɱ
ҶȻˣϲŭɫһ˺Ѳ͸룬棬ǿúģԷһ٣ٶҪɱҲ˻οҶôӲԿˣ
¶ֻöԷŵѪϴˢɾģҶҲһɱЩڸԼԵСǣ֪ʲôҶң
Щʬ壬ҶҪȥ֤ݡҶ˵
û⣬ҵԱӻȥɡҶ˵һȣͻȥҽ
㲻ֱȥʵ
Сʱĳ̶ѣҾͲŶԷܹٲһɱҶ˰ֵһΣҪҵһųǵģڣ
ڣ
֮¶˹Źֵı顣
û뵽ʱҶľȷʵͦ˼ġ
ûеôԵסæµŵĴң


829 Ƴ
ãһֱ㻤忴˿ҶѾҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ȵ˳һֱ뿪֮ҶͿʼкˣ·Ա߶ȥ򾩳ǳ
٣ΪʲôֱֱȥЩʵ
ȻҶ飬ǰǺҶ쵼ǳһҲϰԵؿʼҶˡ
ãȻѾĴɱôҶֱȥȿְȫǲ֮ѡȫûбҪǰߡ
ֱȥж֪ǸովһɱأͶ˵߶ίȻҪôҶ֪ģҪþǵĸҶ֪飬ҲǱҶϵ̬⣡
ˣɵûȻ
ǱȽϴϻ۵ˣҪȻĻҲᱻ䵱Ҷ飬ʱôһͣʱҶ⣬ԭҶҪӰִ󰡣
Ȼǰ⼸ϲ˵ףﶼ챻ԷľѻǹӵƷˣҶһųǺ䶼ˣ϶ǱڵƬǶӣȥǸմս˳һ
ôؾȥһ·ϻܶ˵
ͨȻ֪⼸ڸʲôãǸҵ϶ģҲᾪҶҵҶһ֮Ĵɱ
ҶϣõģЧ
ɡҶ˵
ǡӦһȴЩ֣֪ΪʲôҪô
Сʱʱ䣬ӣڽ˾ǡ
ͷһȥǳãƣһԽҰ
мǹŶɽһųƵİµϽγȽϲңȻ³Ǿ͸һϸǰ߰ߵĲ֪ʲôҳİ
ںһͬͺŵĺԽҰ͸ˣЩ߷©Ķƺǽס
ӿڴϣܶ˶ΪϷңȴλ
һ·ϣǾͱ˺üΡ
һľòƵƵʾԼ֤ȻŶԷȻһݵطУһе·ΣһĦнǿ·
ǣҶôö֮ؽ˾ǣųĴһ·˹ȥ
٣ȥʵ
ǵһھǿое棬ֻһ·Уеģ֪ھǶôԵÿˡ
ôһ쵼ȷʵǸǰ̿˵ǲ
ǰͷĳǽڣҶ˵
ڣ֮̾һ£ɵôӺӾ濴Ҷһۣ˵ȷģ
ôƳȥĻǱ߶ľܷ
Ȼ˵ûȥ˵ģ˵һҪȥĻ͵úüأȥʱ򻹵¹࣬Ͳǰԡˡ
Լ⼸ƳҪڣǹǺİɣ
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪ˣҶݲһ㣬ҶүӵӣǱϾ̫ˣҪôö֮ؽڣƻ⡣
Ĳ˵Ҫȥܵǰкɣ
ǿôõĳҲûпҶʲô绰ѵֱӾͰѳȥ
һ⣬治ɵЩңôһԳƲ쵼Ǻ౬ѵġ
Ͳ˵ڵֻһ·Ϯľ
û˵ʲôˣǰͷõĺԽҰһ·ǰȥ
ۿžƬŽȺԽԽȻһص⡣
٣ſˡЩε˵
ʲôطˣܰҲѵáҶһ¾˵Ǿǰͷĳӣǽڰɡ

嵹޻˵ˣҶִôҲֻз㡣
ǾǰͷĳȻں˩ӣҶĺɫµϽγһ·ڷ˹ȥ
ڳϰỵ̂ں˼š
Ҳ֪˴ſڣʲôڽǱ߶ĴܲڴҲְɣ
˼֮ͿһƬƬĺǽ߽ԼڴŴĽɫա
ﰡ飬ȻЩ
ҲԼ˵ʱҲйϣгһܹ߽ƬŽ֮УΪеһԱɣ
Ȼ˵λѾˣǵƬ֮ǰʱȻ޷Ƶؼ
ۿųӾڴſͣȻͿſڵľǳŵ
Ȼ⼸ӵΣʱǸŪЩ񾭽
Ϊ߶ȫľǻ϶ǹмңȻܹó⼸֮ǰܵʲôŻǰӣ
ô¶֪ʲôط𣿣˹غǳȴ¶ɫȻûҲͿء
һԲܰ⼸ƳŹȥ
ʵϣеĳǼλίԱǵĳҲܱҪļ쳵ܹУҲǶγɵĹء
ǰļӣһãǳĻһЩϴϴͺá
ǵڶͺˣƨɶûˣ඼ǵһĶȥޱȣ֪ʲô¶ǿǺĳƣƺǵطϵϵͳĳӣһһųƣĳгݡ
ٿӣ͸Ӳۣǳ沼˵ףǶڸְ廤ĵͷѵ˵⳵Ǹմսܹ𣿣
һľóоֵ֤
оֵˣҲȥھŵģӼҪоֵǣְڣҲܷ˽ȥ
ʱֻһ˴һųƵĺɫµϽγ˳ǰ
ֹһ죬һֹ˼ǰĶ
˸ǰߣôͱҪǹʾˡ
ͣ˽ŲŴӿڴ淭һ֤Ӹ
ԭҪܾģͽסǱ֤һɫɫ֣̾ɵý֤һۣһ̾׳ã
ͬ־ˣҶ˵ͷ
׳ЩЩΪѵʵ
ЩҪ֤ҪشڡҶһֲݷԵ˵
ǡˣ˸ȻֵУ
ˣɵĪ֪ΪʲôͷὫЩƳŽȥⲻȥ׳ǿЦ
ɽ̴˴ţҶÿͨ
Ҷǽõĳؿ˽ȥֵľвɵЩҲ֪λٽֳǶԻǴ
ˣϲ飬һССУʵǹܲЩ飬Ҳûеȥֳ˹顣
ߣֵ˶֮


830 ״ʾ
Ŵ򿪣ϰҲ
һͨ˳ֱֱͨ˴
ͿԿľһ·ֱ񣬵ŵʯɾոˮȥ˳Ⱦ
̣ⷽظǰĳôЩκؽ˴ڣ˵ضʥĵط
һԺӰˡҶ⸱ſڽľӣòԿ
ԺԺӣԺӣȫҲֻôһͰ͵ػӦ
ЦֻһԺҲͰˣ۹ڣʷԺӸϵԺӣٲκһԳ֮ΪĳĳԺܹ֮Ϊڵģȴֻôһѡ
ѾһԺô򵥣һʥĴڣһ־ϵ
ЩʵǼ治ġҶӣ̾˿ΪϵͲӦôʵУһҪʶȵظУĻǰ׹˽ιۣûظУûظУû˾η֮ģͳڰյУҲֻͨ˶ѣԲ˸ɡáͶЬӡڹڣ𣿣
ң붼ҡҶôһ˵ŵ鵹ǻ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ֣Լ쵼ȷʵ֣Ұʶ㲩ʮʵǹֲ˻Ŀȷʵ̫ˣ
ӿȥһζ֮ǰиǺܴͣǾͰѳӸͣ
ֻжģһ֣Ҷİµϳ˹ȥŵλϡ
ֻʵ̫ˣĸɾĳһȣǾ͸մһ
Ȼ˵ҶһĲΪȻҲ֣Դӽ˴֮ҶıͶˣҲؼɣû˵Ҷʲôġ
٣ô죿Сʵ
žˡҶش
̫ǺˣǼ˾·߶µʯ棬Ҳ˵ֻǾصš
һӺһγ˽λͣ
һλ˳һ죬ǵ泣һλӦҲֳԱ˲õ֡
ҶԷͣɵþһ£ȻͿ·߶ҶľǣɵþʵǸʲôأ
û¶үү°ҶվʺλһȻش
ǡô¶λָָǼЩɻʵ
ǵ·ϣϮˡҶ򵥸ɴػش
û¶ɣλˣʱ¶𾪵ɫЩԾʵ
ãֻ˼ˡҶͷʾ˸л
λҶ˵ͷȻҲû˵ʲô˽ȥ
ֹһӣһλ￪ˣ֮ͣ󣬼Ǹǰһλıֲ࣬ͬ𾪵Ҷѯһ˰ο֮뿪
ֻһСʱ֮УλҶ˵˻Ȼ˽ȥ
ͬʱλ߶ҲҶ˵˼仰
һԿţԼЩľˡ
ЩλٶֳԱóǶϵҶҶн飬һܹһĸоûС
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һӣͼλͬʱˡ
˳֮ͲվˣΪλгίͺҲڸλԱ
λʵǿ̫ˣѹҲǺܴģҲס
Ҷͬ־ʲôҶûиоʲôֵģֻǼʵеŹ֣̲סһ
ܺã鸱ܺáҶվΪȻűʾ׼飬·ϱϮˣãӳһ
ʲô飿ͬ־ˣɵø𾪡
ϮģԴҲеȣһ䣬ȻҪõϢжһ龿ô¶
ڡҶϮĵط˵һ¡
ͺͬ־֮󣬻࿴һۣɫȽأҶ˵λãͽӽˡ
ֵطȻܹϮɱҪɲĶ¼ֻ˵߻µˣЩɥĲ飬ҲǸ߲޷̵ģƶ޷̵ģ
飬ǻעȻǺܴҶǴ֮ìִܲ࣬ǴǵϣȻҪԼ̬ȣĻΪ̬壬һĻǾͲ˵ˡ
ͬ־Ҳüͷ˿Ҷ˵ͷʾˡ
˽ȥ˳䡣
أҶĳ涼ǵ׺͵Ƭ˵
ǰĽγ߶ûˡͬ־Ҳʾ
ҶǸ״ʾ
аɣ
˭߻Ĵ£һξǵҶҵۡ
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ţȭ
ҶĶܺʹȻ˵ܵͣҲԶ˸˵Լ߶ľȷģܵⳡϮɱĲпԣҲԴ
Ͼڰȫ߲ǶӣֻۿԼĲ״ᵽ·ϵգŻڽĻ֮У¶ģ֧Ҷҵľ
٣ںѾʮﶼ¶ˡȵͺͬ־뿪֮ŶҶ˵
ţǵĿѾﵽˣЩλע¶ӦÿԳˡҶ˵ͷ
ʵ֮ǰļϮɱǱ߶ûֻǾ֤ݲʵܰѶԷһٴڵضѡ
ֲϵĶһչ˲ɱǾϵĳײùһпܾͻȫʧó󲿷ֵȫ档
ҶүһֱΪ˵ȴһʵʱٰѴ¸ͱһ㣬öԷҲҲκηĽڡ
˰Сʱλ˾顣
һλˣίԱ鲿Ʒɲ
ôӣƷɼˣЩ󾪵Ȼ˵ĻҶеԼôһ磬Чǳˣ˵ڴڸ¶û뵽ȴô¶
Ʒ̬ȼضҶ˵ģ¶үү㸸ײ˵ᣡ
лҶһ⻰ʱůġ
飬һֳԱ˳ǾͲ֮ܲˡ
ϾھǸϮɱҶѾ˸߲ĴɣԲɹأ
ˣ϶ǻܵԷļɺ޵ġ
ƷɸҶĽ飬ĳŵǹ˼ˣ
ԺʲôԸҶܰ쵽ģаáҶ֣صضƷɲԼĳŵ


831 ̷Щͷö
ԺʲôԸҶܰ쵽ģаáҶ֣صضƷɲԼĳŵ
ҶŵһλֳԱƷ˵ģȻǷǳʽĳŵˣҲɵ˻Ȼݡ
ҶҵӵܣȻһ㡣λЩȵرʾ
ƷȴǿҶ˰ֵ·ƽεѣô˵ͷôˣͼʲôƵģ
ʵ϶Ҷ飬߲һģ˭飬Ǿһѧˡ
Ҷ飬ȻҲûʲô⣬ֻ˿δе̫ĸоҪɱǾԵñȽȨˣɹ˿ء
һһ֮䣬Ƚϵľ
Ҷĥ⣬ȻƷɵĳǳм
Ҫ֪ղȻҶ飬ǹ̬֧µģȴֻƷһˣ꣬˵ء
ƷɲԣҶǱȽ˽ģֻһŮûдϵҲ࣬ǱȽϱֵģΪֱҶƷɻǱȽ𾴵ġ
ˣҲżֻз͸ҴȥҪ١
Ʒ֣Ҷ϶Ҫġ
Ʒɱô⣬ҶĽǶһЩʾǶԵסԼġ
ʵƷɵĽǶ⣬ҲǱȽϺʵġ
Ϊܸɲ鲿󲿳Լֵµĸɲ;УĽɱѾǵһγ֣һַǳصսͬʱҲǶɲս
ˣ֮Էץץɱɱûеڶѡ
ǲˣôɲҪô飬Ʒɹĵġ
ȵƷɵ뿪֮ҶͶ˵¶ˣҲˡ
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ţû˹ʣǾԭȥ¡ҶȻشһȻֲȥɽׯƺӣδȥ
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һ·ҡУƺܶ˶ˣԻΪ¶Ҵġ
Ҳûʲô͵ڽͷϷѣһҲѾ
ڸ߲㶼ǵٰ֮ЩԭӴڿȥƺЩˡ
ѵҶ˼˵һ˶ڣȻΪ˶û
飬ôǲӦõġ
ֻǴ־ãҶٵĴǣ벻ôһҪôͿ϶ɵġ
ߣȥСֻһͷĿҪȥүǱ߶״ɣ
Ϊͬ־Ƶͬ־үӵĵλӹɵģڵڵĵλڷͬ־֮ϣֹĻŰϮɱҶЩˣҲûзء
ϾԼѡеŮȻھɱ鶼ܷƤӵ£үˣ̵ܹ
֮ŭôܶԷʲôͷûĵ
ҶΪ׼һɱԿԷʹõռ
һ£Ҷ⼸үǰһڣǻʲôЧ
߶ۣû˹ĵģԱ߶һԱ֮󣬲ˣϽ͸绰
Ҷ˵ɾ͸ɣôҰѳӴͣλ˳ӣȻͷ˳ӣ׼ϻȥֱȥүסɽׯƺӡ
ҶҶ
һ£ȱߣ
ʱ򣬺ȻܳһλҶ֡
ҶԸ˽ͣȻԴӳ̽ȴܹĲǱˣˣڵа츺ˣΪͬ־Ļ֮׵̷ʤͬ־
̷һ·ܳģеĸо
Ҷһˣղģûп̷ʤܣ¶ȽУݣó¶ͷԾͶ
¶߶ֵô֣Ҫ˵һ֪飬ҲǲܵģϾǴܹܣ߶һͻᴫĶȥĻǾ̷ĳ˵Ĺʧְˡ
ҲҶ˵ҪȥүǱ߶Ϣȥ̷ʤܸŵˣԲŲϧ˳
ҪҶܵ˳үǱ߶״ȥ¶鷳ˡ
̷ʤϵĳü飬Ҷ֪ôģ浹̹ĺܡ
̷ʤܸһֱǺܶ·ȻȨĿǣͬʱҲһЩԸĳͻԸͬ־ƷɲͨĺܺãƫƫǸ̷ʤͬ־·˭Ը˭
ǽ¶ֵʵеˣ̷ʤҲеôܵƺȥųүӵϢĻүҵ϶޹⡣
鲻£ǴҶ鲻ŲʣǾˡ
̷κãסң֪кμ̣ҶϣǶ̷ʤܷǳصġ
Ͼò⣬Ҳǹٳϵһ𱰵⣬˼ҿǸ쵼ˣ̫߳࣬ŵǸоٽֳҲ˼ҵֱ쵼¿չġ
ԣǴӵⷽǣǴо߶۸£ҶǺĲ£̷ʤλа츺˵ĴڣҪ˵ǰʧˡ
Ҷ飬Ѿ˵ˡ̷ʤܹ֮󣬾ϵرʾͬ־Ҳ֪ˣǳŭ⣬һҪദ
л쵼ǵĹġҶ̾ͱʾ˸лҸ˵İΣҲͰˣ߹ͬ־֮ܳ꣬ǳȥ쵼Ǹ̤ʵˡ
ţģҪֻ֯عģ̷ʤһҶ˵κͼսϵΪܵĴ
̷ôһ˵ҾͷˡҶٴαʾ˸лȻ˵ҪȥƺӰݷóүӣʲôԸ
үǵԪѫ㿪ЩƳȥأ°ųȥ̷ʤ̱ʾЩ飬ǲҪ˼ҲΪãѵôˣЩҰķ𣿡
̷˵ǣ˼ʹˣȷʵʺΪЩ󱲵ġҶ̾͵ͷǵЩô죿
ȷŰɣ̷ʤһֵȻֶ˵СҶͬ־ӣŰɡ
ǡˣ̾ȥˡ
л̷ιģָ鷳ˡҶһαʾ˸л
ڻͬ־ǹİɲĳɳӹģҲЩӦ顣̷ʤܼҶϣʱҲ࣬˵˼䡣
ʵϣҶ⼸Ƴ˴ڣ̷ûɹʵǽͬ־Ǳ߶ûóһȷλͬ־Ĵˣǲܹ㷢Լġ
ˣҲҪ˽ͷöˡ


832 ɹʶ
Ҷ뿪̷ʤһϽ˵绰ȥ
ͬ־ҶѾ뿪ˣ˳ӣţǱȽϣӴֵġ̷ʤڵ绰жԽͬ־˵
ǵǵģ߶飬һᰲźá
ģΪ֤ݷ
ţѾҶͬ־ǿ˱ܵҪԡ
֧ľ
Իųң̷ʤܸͬ־˳ֵĽ֮Ź˵绰һ
ڽŵľƲû̷ʤܺΪҶһ٣ٶϮ¼ҶѾеŭˣⲻҪѹܹѹ顣
ΪһӣȻҶҵʵԾ֪ڽͬ־ܲԸΪ飬̫ķƱǿʾ޷סŭеҶҵģҲֻܹ˳ˮۣƶ¡
⣬̷ʤҲһ㣬Էȷʵ̫ˡ
Ϯɱ߼ɲ飬ǲҪץס˰ѱĻǾҪƵĴģϾйʶ֤ͬԱۣԶҪǸֱǾǷŭˡ
ҶֻһͨˣȻûô鷳Ҳֻ˵ǳɱ֮ģҶɲͨˣǵطĴгŵҪ쵼ɲͬʱомְ
ԸҶ͵սˣԽ쿴ҶͳӵֳԱǣ⻹⣬ԼͬҶ¶ľΪǲǴκνǶȳûķ
Υ˹ˣĴ
ҶСӣҲ̫ˣһӾץסҪ뵽̷ʤҲɵҡҡͷ˵Ҷʵ̫ˣ׾پͽ˸һϣΪ
ǻκһˣλʡƺҲûôܰԼƳϵ棬˹ͣȻҲû˹֮Ч
˵һҶϳһΪ߿״һΪʾ
ܶ˭֮ܶǺʵģô֪Ҷھ˸Ϯɱ֮Ȼػص˾ǣҽӸ˸߲ĻѾţڿҪܹճˡ
ԼԹñˣҶôöԸ𣿡̷ʤ뵽ԷֶΣͲֹһ䡣
ԸҶûкôҲûбҪҪûʮʤ㣬˲飬ǲΪ
ܿ죬̷ʤܾͷ档
ʱھίԱǻ϶ˡ
챾ҪۣԴҶúȫʮλ͹ĴڼüһãҲǳֻ֣ǿŽ󲿷˵ϱ飬ǳء
ǼλгίǣǲЦ
̷ʤܻ֮¼ȻҾͿʼᣬ⣬һСʱ֮¶̸òˣ᳡ˡ
ʱ鲿Ʒɲ˵ˣղҽʱҶˡ·ϣܵ˲Ϯɱ˼λӼˣȥĿİھǸȻ쵼ɲĶ¼Ҹ˸еǳ𾪣ϣ⣡
˶е⣬˸ղλƷһģ֪ոƷҶ̬Ҫͷ⣬ȴЩȡ
˵ƷˣһҲ׵һԣʱͻȻҶϮ֮˱̬ͱȽĥˡ
¶Ҳ֪ˡƷɵĻ֮󣬺ͬ־ҲʾҺҶ˴£ԷȷʵǵΪΪ±ϰ죬Ļλһȫжûˣ
⻰ҲòͷʾӦйزŽе顣
˿ͷ˾Ϳʼ׷γһΪɾɳԱ£Ļ֣ϳ͡
ڴ¸мܲϵΣ齫˾ְʱһֱû˵ĶүͻȻˡ
ˣһ㶡
ΪֵľǷصһλүӽ֮һֱûзԣڴҸղ۵ʱ򣬼ûע⵽Ĵڡ
ʱүôһ˵ԷϮɱҶַ϶ǸһЩϵģĻүӲʱͻȻҪְ
ĻԷװֱˣôһӦûУ
ô˵˾ʧְֵġ
ǴڿͬʱҪһ£ѵ˵һЩȽֱӵǣ
Ϊн˾϶ҪίҪɽͬ־һ׳׼ͬʱҲҪ۵ġ
ʱүӳҪ󣬿϶һЩĻû˵ǲôȷʵݵġ
гίԶǾ˵֧Ҷͬ־飬߶Ҳйͬ־һЩϣְ֣ȽϺʡ
ԶǸίģĻ൱ء
ΪϾڱ棬˾ϣȷʵڱȽص⣬ĻԶв˵
ϾˣһСëҲصˡ
飬ұһ°ɡһֱû˵Ҷүӣʱ򽭳ͬ־˽顣
ãֱһ¡ͬ־ͷͬˣȾ
ͬ⡣
ͬ⡣
޳ɡ
˷׷׾֣ʾֶ֧үӵĽ顣
ãȫƱͨɾί´˾нְͬ־̷ʤͬ־һڼ¼ͨȻ
ţ־ͼ˽̣ۣ顣
飬ҪϸܡһСʱ֮󣬽ͬ־ƣ̬رʾҪжȡҪ̫Ӱ졣
˷׷׵ͷʾְ
ʵϣίԱ֮󣬴һ϶ûʲô˽˿ռˣҲȥʲôйܵ飬βػеġ
ɢ˻̷֮ʤͬ־ͶԽͬ־˵һεжҪºüλؽиʡ쵼ɲô飬ǷҪλͬ־ȹͨһ£
ͬ־һº˵ͨʱбҪģҾΪ˱ݾߣڿסؼ֮ٽйͨɡ
飬ͬ־ҲúȻҪ֣Ͳʲôԥݡ׼ȣܹһٳܣĻܳȥһģ鷳¶
˵ͬ־Ǳ߶϶Ҫл㱨ģӦܻԱ֮󣬾δ֮ǰӦǵ߹ǲʵġ
̷ʤˣͬ
ȥͬ־ǣӦصģھϣӦԼĻҲĳЩϵڰЧʵߡ
úȥɣ֮󣬿һȽؿɿˣϵ˾ְλϡͬ־̷ʤ˵
̷ʤˣʱˡ
ͬ־֧ҶҶ֣ȴ׬һн˾ְλǱȽġ


833 ˭
̷ʤͬ־Ǻܴ󷽵ģר쵼˳ĳҶ̷ʤĳ֮ƤΣֿ˿ڵװʲôģͱȽϸȤضԵ˵
ˣоƨɶԼˣڳŤŤȥģܾûþ
ҲѹˣĿǰմ˳ΪҶĹ⣬Ҳ͸ոƼѣڲ֮ΪͻȻҶ˵ŵģǸ쵼˵רݣѹǱȽϴġ
ûʲô𣬾ǴһЩЩǷġҶ˵
ˣɵö࿴ۣȴûпʲô
˵쵼˵ķ֪һ
˵֮ʱԼûγ̫öԷһ˹115װΪ134ǧߣֱ8ףʱٴ134
˹115Ǽ˹110ķͣشﵽ7.5֣6ס2׵ĳװ8׺װס70׺ķЧ赲ӵƬϮ
װҲװ˺ܺĸְװףܾܲ׵ıըһҺѹϵͳ
ڻһиǰʻոȷֱܡ
½ֳ͸λ쵼ˣ˵үӵһĳӣţƵġ
ΪⷽҪԵʮһĺ772Ƿʼ쵼ṩԼķ
ϵͱȽˣҲѾˣ2.8֣ľ4ֶأٶϡϸϲҪо־ȥ˵¹УѰҺͷ
ڹ쵼˶˰µϵķҪA8ϿķܹҲûж̨רгίίԱǻ˷Ҫ
ǲ࡭û뵽ԼлĳӣɵñЩ˷
̷Ǹ¶ˣҪóôҲô׵顣Ҷֵεĳӣ٣ֳӽãǾͲôˡ
մ˶ٵĹ⡣Ҷ˵̷ʤ̸۽ֵһ˿ûѹҲɵЩ
ȷŶٰ¶ƺܶⶼӭж⡣
Լδǰ;ǳġ
еģҶô˵̷ʤͬ־лҪ֪⳵ϵ˾ǴɳģǲȥСɣ
ƺǿеĲɣҶ˵õģоϵͳģҪ˵ֱӸĻұ̷ʤܵĻöˡңҲҪ̫С˼̷ΣæĶǴ¶˷С飬ģĻԱˣ
ԭӡˣЩ
ܿ뵽һ⣬٣Ҫȥү𣿡
֮ǰڴʱҶͱʾҪųȥݷóүӣŰ̷ʤܸ˳ҪЩڴڳ䵱֤ֽ߱׼ĽγҶʱ
˵ǲϣҶȥүӵģŪøӻˣ͸Ӳʰ
ҪһµģҾҪ飬ȥһϸҲӦõġҶһ¾ͻش
ʵϣһεĶ飬϶Ҵ˸㶨ģҶƽΪ˺ͳרΣǾٳ־ҶĴҶڰ
ΪȦĴҶЩȻӹɵġ
˵ʱҶֻҪʱ־Ϳԣ飬Ȼרġ
ԭҶҲû뵽ھȥүתתںòóĹȥ԰԰ڡ
Ҫ֪ϳҳ˳үʸֳ֮⣬˻ûʲôʸҶԼһȥƻѳһģΪǼλ߲Աһүӡ
ȥɽׯƺӡҶ뵽;ûǳȤԸ˾
ƺӾ߶еԶģ˴Сʱ֮󣬲ǵ˵ط
٣طˡҶ
Ҷڳ΢һ庰۾ǰ濴˹ȥ
һҪͿ˵
ϳҵĴſڣǳɫ˶ĳбһֻLVִվһ˵ʲôܲ˵ӡ
ǸˣҶֻܹӰǿͷͦߵģҲȽ׳ʵһݱ֯ĿضñӣTɳ̲㣬ŵƶƤЬȥһȥ˺߶ӡ
ƺִʲô飬־Ҫȥֱۣȴ˦ˣתͷȥ
ҶΪ¶˵ʱ򣬾ͼ׷ȥһѳס˳ϵִıߡ
汻ôһʱ޷ɵֻعͷߵض˵ʲô
ܳҶһʱܲˣʲô˾ȻҶŶֶŵģòͷˣ
˳ţ˹ȥ
Ҷһ۾Ϳ߹Ҷ϶ʱһϲҪ߹ʱ򣬱˳ִжãʱЩ
ʱҶѾ߹ˣһ۵֣
TMD˭ҲҹҾٵ¶˿Ҷһۣû¶һ߶ȥǵ˽¶
˭ôûʵ˵ҶûдŤͷѯʵһ߶бְж
TMD˵˭Ƕƣ˶ʱŭˣûбָűɵƣֱܴ衣
УٽУ㿴Ǳ߶ʲôҶûһָ棬Щм˵
˻ͷһʱе
Ȼĳͣ۹Ҳãһ۾Ϳ쵼˲ʸĸߵµϷͣڴǰ棬ֻûм
龰˶ʱЩˡ
Ȼ˵ĳȷеţƣڵʵȨһҪһǿſͣŵʱǿλίԱһжʱ˾
Сţ㣡˳ų溰һȻѸٵشԱ߶ˡ
Ҷһ۹ȥͼǱ߶ͣһӳĿ˽γڵģҲǷɵЩԾھвֳ͵ˣǲֻ࣬ǾǵӵǣԼʶġ
Сȴ֪Ǵʲôطðģƫƫʶ鵹Щˡ
Ҷ˿ܵСӣȻͷ˿棬ЩŹֵɫƺʲô׶顣
ʲôȻãҶ飬ʱܲ˵ض˵
˭ҶʵΪʲôҴûмƫƫֱֵøһƵģѵ˵Ҷټ첻ھǣѾûҵĴ˵ˣ
˵úЦղŻĳС㣬Ц


834 ű˵ǹˣ
ʵҶ˵ûǰûгȥʱ򣬾棬ֵõ˳ը̶
ҪˣͱҶٸˡ
ȴû뵽ȥתһȦٶ˺üڸ߲ǰҲЩλˣ˾Ȼɧδޡ
飬岻̰
Ҷ˵⻰ȻƺЦȴ͸ɫ
ǰɣģЦһӣͷҶıƺе죬ЦݣЩʵһ֪ߵغСӶѣ𣿡
Ҷı飬治װࡣ
ôһɫҲúѿѵ㻳Ҹʲô飿
Ҷ˿ȻŰתȥȻ˵·ϣ⵽һϮɱ¼Էһɽ廬£֮þѻǹǣȻװֱĺըǣõĻǲܻŹˡ
ʲôˣɵôʧɫ
Ȼû뵽ʱȻᷢ飿
ӰŻֵڣû뵽ᱻհԸҶʵ޷š
ô飬ûбºҰɣһӣʵ
㿴ҿĳӣʲôͬģҶʵ
ղŸִûע⵽ҶʲôӹģʵҲٻע⵽ϸ֦ĩڡ
ʱҶôһѣϸһҶǿµϽγͷ⡣
ѽȻǰµϷίԱʸĳӣôһӿ治ǼҴԨԴһӾͿ⣬ȻŻȻֲøղܵô죬ǿöˣ
ܿ뵽һ⣬ǣҰҲûʸֳӣôһӾ͸ԭܿǼԽҰ𣿣ֳһררãûмʲô˿˽ð
ҵݣֻһǰõģʣµеһȫǹ۶һµר벿ֶˣڶڴչҶų˵̷ʤҿųҳүӸ״ŽӸҴá
Լû¶ɣǽŵذҶڻ棬۾ʵ
ˣ¶ĻĶʽɾͰ첻ˡҶ˵ͷ
ʲôô󵨣ѵû˹𣿣ϴǵʲôɽ廬£ֱը⵽׻ǵ𣿣ȻӦ˹ʱЩŭرʾžҶ˵ߣүү״ȥҾͲţô۸ҳˣ
飬ȷʵóŭ
ۿҶҪжʽˣҶҲ˺ܶѣʿμӣνٹ˼üһãƫƫʱ򣬾ͷ˰·ϮɱҶ飬Ȼ˵ûеóѣҶ˵޷̵顣
ҶѾˣа̷ʤܳȰҶҳүӸ״ǳΪϳҶ֪ĻΪء
ץסЩ֮Է֪Ժʲôأ
¶ȲǱ߶ѾڿоˡҶ˳棬°˻ﱧţүǱ߶ʱǲҪ˵ˣʡ˼ϲӣͲҪˡ¶òܹ⣬˸״ҲáүӣǷͬ־һҲ֪飬ܵҳͷɣ
үүˣΪʲôҪϷͬ־ˣ;Щ
ʵϣΪүӺͷͬ־˶ǿɽͷ˵ʲôĶУǱˣǳĳַĿǣЩɣûбʾȷķ񶨣ԾƺҲΪôһ¶
Ҷ˷ͬ־ȻЩˣ¶ӦϳҺҶҳģҶҪϷͬ־ô¶ѵӳүӽ
ϵ飬㲻Ҷͷº͵ض˵һ飬϶֪ġ
ʲôСЩطʵ
ղǻ˭ôʲôҶ˵
㻹ûˣС㱧Թ㲻ôʣе֣ǰһѣôٸʵ׶ģʲô飬𣿡
ǰѣʵѣҶĵʵģǰǲʲôңţھϮ߶ţҪǿƽ룬ǰʲôģҺܻɣһϮйϵ
ʲôʲô׶԰ġЩЦõ˵ǰһԺס㲻ڿеĸŮ˵ͷҪ˼дɣ顭
ʲôܵġҶȻػشжʱѡȡҲȽǺϣţҾǸӦصĶ󡣡
ôˣҸ˵ҲЩġһ۵
ôҶʵ
үүүǸүүͬʱڵˣԾӰȽϴүүӦúȻ˵ҺûʲôүүҲˣ˼ҵӰȻСдɱ飬ҲûĸҰô͵
ŶҶ֮󣬾֪˭ˡ
˵Ҳһ⡣
үүĵλȳүҲ˶٣ֻǳԿ磬ܳҲȽϴ󣬵Ϊһݵصĵ֮һҲǰԾһʱĲͷ
˽Щ꣬ǼҵǺùһЩܶҲӦˣЩӵǣҲЩ
һǱ߶ӣҲǽղŻص˾ǡ
ҺܳԴףҶٶԳСʾ
׶԰ʱѣʮ궼ûˣӵķɴףСҶһ۵
Ϊ׶԰ѣԲűȽϿɶ񰡣ҶЩɸֵرʾʱǶСһƨܣɶ
Ҷ̫ˣСˣɫ糺죬ӶȭͷݺݵؽѵҶ£ա
һȷʵϮҵɡҶ§ų棬ֹ˵⼸εϮֶζܸɾȻûΣգΪҵãӦ죬Ļͷˡҹţ¶һЩѲϵĻǱ߶ٳ²˾ģͺ˵ˡ
Ҳ˵͸¶йϵɣǵУҲǸ¶ģԼʡ
ΪǵУԲҶĿȴǸ治ͬƲƲҿǱ˵ǹˣˣ
ҪĻ黹Щ鷳ˡˣʱֳɫ˵һΣ᲻Ĵͻ
أܺߣκҪ֣һǲǻҶҵǿҶʮػش
ǲţֶо⣬᲻֮
̷ʤܰѸ쵼˵ݶ֤һεȷʵˣϾϣֻ֡
һ߲ԷٴҲֻһ·ߣǾ·


835 һҲ
忴Ҷͳ߽˳ҴլƺӣЩп
кܶ飬ʵǲģҶʵݺͱҲһζʱ˽⡣
֪ҶĳѾеЩȣЩ˷ܣ֪ԼһλֿȵҶһ·ǨλãҲԽԽߡ
ȻˣǰᣬðѹˣҶеǳС
һԣ쵼ɲ飬ǷǳصģϾĹǳҪ쵼Ĵ󲿷񣬶ҪЭģڸĹͨ棬𵽵ҲǷǳؼġ
кܶ쵼ӣϲȨˣѡȡʱӣʱҲȽ϶̣껻һҲΪ˱Լ߶þˣ֪̫࣬ǻԼ
ȻˣڴԣֻҪǸ쵼ʲô󣬷ȽϵλôǷȥҲõȽϺʵְλ
˵Ҷ뿪Ļһشʵְɲܲġ
ҶܹĻ߶͸ˡ
ôһζʱദ;ҶԼǱȽģԲŻԼһЩȽ⣬ԼүӼ߶
ȻǲŶ룬Ҳʶ˸Ŵ󻧵ϣԶԶؿ˳үӵıŮ֮ΪǵһСĳС棬Ȼǳ÷ǳƯʳڣҶٴճһԶҲɾˡ
ʲôأ飿˹ݸһ̡֧
лл硣æ˹Ȼͳ˴ȸϣȻԼҲ
һǰɣʵ
ǰǰֻѧʱ֮ǵһΡЩп˵
ǰھѧЩȵʵһֱΪֻںӶʡϵĴѧ
ѧõоƾĻҲûлҶг鰡ЦŻش
ڶʮ塢ˣҲҶǰʾ֮ڲ̸˵רĹ뷨ҲҲҪʮʱŻῼЩ⡣
뷨ҶǱʾֵ֧ģΪҲϣԼ̫Ϊͥ¸סϽ·ߡ
ĵӲҶúõһµĻû׼ܳΪԼĺð֣ԲŻӡ
ˣټ϶ٿأԺǰ̿ҪԶúܡĻ֮Ͼ¶Ľɫ
ҲˣٶأҪȥʲôطȫġǫ˵
ҲоϵͳʱƻΧȦӴת˵
ȻǸҶǹ滹оϵͳģϵͳȽ⣬һҲûʲô˸ڴоǽš
ȻҲһԭǾоǣ϶ΪҼ쵼Ƿģһʲô䶯ǵʲôģ⣬ǿҪеǳصεġ
ҲҶ߹ѣȻҪоǱ߶
Ҷ֮ԸЩˣҲΪͬʱоٽְֳˣҶүҲܰоߡ
棬ҪչԼļ̳ˣҲǴԼУһѣҶȷʵǵ
絽ʱҲǴǰ;оֹʱ乻ˣŵϵͳôҲٽˡЦ˵
ǿɲ롣Ц̡
Ҷ߶ҪȽϸ񣬵ǴҲź񣬻ϲҪΪʳסе鷢ǼʲôѣҲܼʱһİԴҹûʲô֮ǡ
õҶصգԺҪϵͳĻٽѶȷʵ󣬵Ȼˣλÿ϶ǵþһ׳׼еģҲǺ׵顣
Ҷܹ㶨ģοҶڵٹ֮ǻ˰
پǷâ̫¶ǵЩסˣŻǧټҪѿ״̬뵽Щ飬Ͷ˵
Ȼ˵ҶѾĴгں߲ܶУλ㲻ʲôϾȥĺûȥĸɲǳǧˡ
ЩˣȷʵӦöµ˼ÿһζöԼ飬ϺûйʰȻ̾˿
ǰ˵úܶԣֻ¶ҪôֽУȴ˵뷨ֵ֧ģֻǰȫ飬Ĳ˽⡣
ҵи뷨֮ǰҲᵽģ⼸Ϊһ֧ǰ¶ûбҪǴڵǷǳбҪˡ
˾һ߶̣һ߶о齨
Ҷ§ų߽˳Ҵլվڶүɹ̫
үүãáҶؾص˺ãȻվһԡ
Ͷˣ쵽ܿɲáɿҶЦ˵ǰĹأ֮ǰǲܼŮѵġ
ǲǰڲһˡҶ̾ͱʾүүɫΣ
Сӣҷʲô˼ӣܷ񣿡үЦָָҶûʲôõı顣
ʱģҶгʵ
Ҷʱ˵˿ȥ˹ţϰҶƽͶʵҲ軵ûû٩׼ŮֿЦյǲá
ſǼô¶ɾʵ
ҶˣɵÿһۣžͿ˳үƺҲģƸղǾ¥ϣԿſڷ顣
ҶͻشⲻͶҵĳӲãʱҵЩӵ̫ͣԾ͸̷ʤͬ־װһ棬ЩӣҲͣڳЪŵģðײá
̷ʤôŶϽ賵ãȻҶ˵⻰֮󣬳ɵһͲš
ٿүӵı飬Ҳһռı顣
ȿȣүүǲ۹⿴̷ʤͬ־Դӵа֮ǾʿյĿ࿴ˡҶ˵⻰ͬԼš
ΪһεϮ¼̷ʤܵĻᴫүӶ棬ֳ鷳Ųô󷽵һν
⳵ļֵҲ˵ֻǿ壬ͷͬһ㡣
оֻЩװ֮󣬻ǵһ˵˴̷Щһ
үӣŮĻмֿŵģûҶʲôתͷү֤
һҲţү棬ԴҶ˵


836 ɵĵ
Ҷ˵Ļүӿ϶ɻɵġ
ڲͬڱ𴦣ɭϵģ̷ʤ˳үӸǴСųȻ֪ʲôԸ񣬵Ȼ֪Բ顣
ϾкܶɣܹͻƵģҪԭ򣬱Ƶ̷ʤûа취ܰѷҶʹá
˵˵׷ʲô飿үȻ֮ϣ˵ĻȻôϣ͸¶һֲݷ
ҶˣеԥϾ֮ǰӦ̷ʤܣǺܳΪҲ޷֤ү֮󣬻ʲôӦǾͱʾȷʵе飬Ҫδ˷֮󣬿϶ҪʾģҲ˵ʲôʧˡ
Ŷү֮΢ͷһ£Ȼ˵Ǿˡ
ҶĳүӲˣֲһ䣬֮顣ҽ˿үӣһ飬ﻹҪʲô飿
ᵽҶͳĶ⣬ҵ¾ͱñȽϸ
ϾûʲôˣѾȥһֳȽ⡣үº͵ؿҶ˵ҶⷽЩͣҵҲ׶
ǺǡҶЦЦҪ֪үүô϶ܸˡ
ʵҶھǴ棬ҲǱȽˣ;ؾͽ̽緢չټ΢һЩѾˣҲпܳΪϳص㿼Ķ
Ϊţϳҿ˵Ѿȫת˽ҵչ迪м͵ͬ˽УǼµļҲֻǹҿڲίѣⷽ;ӪѾǳͷβ˽
ܹ֮ı仯޷ǾΪѾĴ󲿷棬Իȡһҵϵλ
үӵľߣǱȽȷġ
ҶڽҵĲܻǲǿ⣬ҪĻδˣΪϳΪʷϵһЩԭѾ˲ŵ㣬֧ŲһӴϵ
үӻߣϵܹԴڷչүһȥˣôûһǿĺάϵϵϵͻ̷ֱ
ǼҵҶҵȣȫͬġ
ҶڶѾȫ͹Գˣ׿ҶүӺͶүӲ˵ҶӽȾ࣬βıܳͨ죬ҶӳΪ˾λȨأҶƽɹ֣飬ֿȣҶҶϣʶģټϵ֧ϵҶΪγɵҶϵΪôӴһǺǿġ
Ҷ̽磬ȻҲǺҪһڣҶҾ֣ûԼǮӣ¶ȻǺܲġ
Ȼ˵Ҷ˻ϻأΪۼӴҵԴں⿪ʼ֣ƸʤϾֻΧҵв˿͸ģǲô׾͸ҶǣϹϵ
ҶȻҶҵһҪ
վԺүӺͳһӣҶͳ¥
Сӽƻúܣǲ¶һڷȿҶ¥ɾͶԳү˵
ٳģûе̣Ҫʶү˵һ䣬ȻԼ˵ⷽ濪̫Եû˽ٳһܴܴĿӣһ˽ȥͺѳˡ
١ˣʱĬȻ
ʵϣĳɣȷʵ;ûжȤһŶ˼˽ҵ۽跽˺ܶж֮Ĺ۵㡣
ȻҲһı£ȴѾԳϵҪ̳Ļ˵жڽҵЩɾͣԼҲǺģϾⷽӰҪغߵƶ
үӵҵҲ˺ܴľĵģϾ൱ϳ̳ϵĵͳͶϾһȻȻкܶ˿ɫ£ϾûԼĶӿסǣ
˵ף֧ϳҵģҪǳүӡ
ҾǵģС̫ͷС潫Կɫ˵
⣬еġ
Ĳ٣Ͼ飬ôԵģҲܶ࣬ЩŮŮ֮䲢ûʲ飬ֻΪѹߵһģһҲܶࡣ
飬һҲֲͬĽһȻ˳ˣôպϹӣڶɢˣ࣬ϾԼ֮ĺкܴӰ죬û׼ͱɳˣǸģάһϵĺϵͱȽ϶ˡ
ǵЩμ棬֮以ʣҸżʣͱϰΪˡ
мڴˣҲɵΪŮδǣӳԶķչҶҵͷʤһҶľѾһԱ֪жŮҪʸһųڷƱء
ôһҪȡ֮ŮӣɺܵԼŮûӦù
ҪģӴˣˣĸĲչһӡүӶһ㣬ǿúָܿ˸Լϵķ֣ضԳ˵˵ˣҲҪԼʮǱĬģԼѾͷȱ˼ҵĲ
⻰ʱ͵˵ͷ⻰˵Ҳû
ֻǳƯĻŮӣʵ̫ˣֳݣʺѧʶģȴ
Ҫ˵ϳôǿĴڣΪĺּ̨һȷʵռơ
ֻǳҲĻʼҹֵܹɷĻģҲʲôҸؼǿҶСӣԺǷܹˡ
΢֢үӿ˿ӣ˵ζӣǹе̫ˣϾûʲôֵӵ飿
ôûУɶʱЦ˰Ƹĸڼ÷ܵӰ϶Сҹţ߻һЩǾ÷չҪֺܴδ֮ڣƻھ÷չĻƽʱڡ
үˣ˵ͷҵпΪ
ھ÷ٷչʱڣģȻǽҵˣǶԣ׬ǮٶȾ͸ӡӡǮ࣬һպԭ׬Ǯʲôʵ̫ɡ
Ϊڽҵ֮һɵƲƿŽ迪УͬʱӵϳҵԴڹڵĻȨǿЩƣڽϵͳĳɾͣﵽһǳ˵ĵز
ЩаǣǮˡ
ڻ۲ƸкʶαԼĲƸҲкֶΣǶػŮҸûжٵİա
ҶСӣ˭Ҳ²͸˼Σһı֣ʵڲǳͬ˰


837 ¥ϵķ
²͸뷨ΪȻûаڵһҪλԳɵɻ󣬳үһѪָڡ
Ŷ֮
ΪûаһҪλϣֻǰһȽˣʶҲֻܾϡү˵ʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽСɰ㷸˾Ĵ󡣡
˵öԣҶǿˡϸĥһ£ŵͷϵ
ү˵ȷʵûʼսҶһȽֶԼҶƽĺӣԼŮδѡȴûко飬ҶֳһЩͣҲǾûôš
˸׳үԣɻԼʶҶ֮飬;ûүӼʶ㲩˼ά䣬һӾץסıʡ
Ĳ˵һҶӦʮļױһǳ֤
ΪҵĴԼҲûаڹгƴɱܹնô󣬿ҶˣҪԼֻ֣ǷԸβһ±Ŀ꣬һ޶ʱ֮ڡ
˵ʲô⣿
˵ˣҶȷʵӵ˲ݹʽг
һˣʵǲӦü򵥵ذһ
ԣүһ㲦֮󣬳ɾͷԼ׼Ůǿˡ
вܵ˶Ͻ·ӣҲ⡭үӿԼĶӣ˵ǰҾͽΨϣΨ飬ֻʵ⻰ʲô˼أΨϣҪ쵼־Ӱ죬ҷ࣬Ψ飬ǲҪܵӰ죬֪˵ֻʵһģΪԼԼʶһ㱣޷ȷ͹۵ؿһЩ⡣ܽЩ⣬ôĳɾͣڸһЩ
Լǣܽˡţĥţ¶΢Ц
еʱ򣬺ܼ򵥵һ仰ܹץס֢ڡ
үӸӼһԻȻܼ򵥣ȴɽ⿪ϵһ뵽һӹ硣
ȻɾЦ룬СúģҲӦС濪Ĺһˡ
֪ͺãʵϵ飬ټôֵүӵͷ˵һˣȻһӻˮȴܹڿҿҵװһӺˣǾʥˣװ˰뱲ӲװˣǾۣ˵װװֻС֮ˡ
˵ȤҶСӦһ֣
ֻ縸׸ղԣҶ˽⻹̫һЩЩ鱨ϣҶһȽϿ͹۵ۡ
˿۾ɹ̫ĸףɺȻ;ãԼҪѧĶкܶࡣ
Ҷ§ų߽˷֮󣬾ͷĳҲһЩãԵøϲһЩ
Щģôͷʵ
ʵҸ뿴һСĹ뷿棬ʲôӣҶЦ
㿴۾תһȦҡͷߵղŻңҲˡ
Ͳ˶ҵģ뿴ҶָųС°ͣ˵
ЩգҶһۣȻͷСȻ˵Щ˰͸¶ģȴŨŨ⣬ɵþ˵ЩŵĻҾͲˡ
¥ȥ㷿˵ŵĻòãҶʵ
ԥһӣҪ¥ȥֱСӶֶ۸һǲȥĻֵС治ˣìܰǲģǾ˵ҪȥҲѣҲУҶͷƵأǲǻ
˿Ҫģ㣬ҾǼоҶһЦ־ͽӸһ
һȲ̵Ҷϣôô˼ң
û˵ôôܵı֡ҶԼĳ棬˫β˫۶ԼĲӣϵ˵ߣ¥˹ȥ
С㴩ĿȹҶٵֿǴȹӵ´˹ȥģֻǸűĳȹиСڿ㣬֮ϣָץһ£Ůഺͦĸо
Ҷϴƺħһץ󣬳СЩ־֮Ҷĥĥ䣬һ궯ƺ޷Ž⣬ȴſҶļͷҶı󣬲ȥ۾
ҶڵĸоȴܺãСһĸһ㣬ϢҲһַǳ˵ĶǰķͦűȹӣͶԼؿڡ
ųС㣬Ҷԣûаֵѹһ¥Ϥҵ˳Ĺ뷿ȻȽŸһתͱ˷䣬ȻƨɽŸϡ
ϵյҶڳһֻɿذѱոšˡ
ȷʵ²һ£ɫ˱ȽϲķۺɫԭϰŵĳĵƬʲôģҲ˸ҶĺӰ
ЩӰĵúֻܲҶ֪ԼʲôʱĹգɵЩ죬תһ룬׹ˡ
ƵʱҲǸԶľ͵͵ģû뵽Чܲ
һųҶں߶Ƭ֣ԴΪĳ紵ƮɢҶӭ⣬Ц÷ǳá
С棬ûз֣ҸܰءҶƬЩ̾˵
ɿ̧ͷһƬҲͬС
ˣҲƬŴˣĿλˡ
ܿ죬ҶͰѳŵ˴棬Ȼſԣյĸǰ۾רעӡ
ô˼ҺòڡСʾ˷ԡ
㻹ǵϴŴʲôҶаЦʵ
ᡭСɫʱϴαҶŴϳ̵ΣӲɵñøˡ
Сӣܹ÷ǳѿȴһֺܹŹֵоǷѿӣһͿʼ޷Ƶط賤
һĸоòãҶܲʵ
СһԣԴԱ߶ı棬·ͬһ㡣
ĸоǳӣеʱĸоеҶ䱾ӹֵ
ͬʱƺһ˵˾δɷ򣬼ʹʲô飬ҲǺġ
ھ֮䣬;ƺԼȹѾҶָȥеĴ󲿷֣Ѿ¶ⷿĿ֮С


838 ͷ
ΪʲôҶûһլ棬һȥЩǵʵ
ıվһĸߴˣȥЩ뺷Ϣʱͷվһı顣
С̫ˣȻܿɽ廬¡˵Щƽֱȥ֪ھϵ֮У˵ʱҲɵЩҧгݵĸоװ׵˷˼ըҩôõĲá
ܿɽ廬£ǾѻôҲʧˣ㲻˵ȫı𣿡˷ʵǰ¶ôԵ𣿡
Ҷкǿܹǰܿգһ칦ܡ˶ԴĽ͡
칦ܣ˺һô꣬Ҿʹûпһ칦ߣЩǼ򵥵ƭ۷㲻ҪЩûеңһûϺͿ
վûгĬʱҿúԷķӦˣΪóͣټǰļжͬ⵽ʧֻ˵һ⣬˲򵥡
ôһ˵Ҳûٱʲô˳˼֮С
˵ǰĳϮʲôģûºۼôһεжֻ˵ȫʧˣ˸еεģʬֱкЩ֤ݣԷϸ׷Ļ׷ݵԴͷ
һжʧںܳһζʱ֯жˡ˹˺ܾò˵Ҳб¶Σա
Ҳ£Ǳ¶ˣҲӰ쵽棬㾡ܷġ˵
һᰲ㾡ȥһЩ¿ԹʹǵǱ߶֡˵
ǡ˻ش
һΣȻ޻ҵͷϣǹ̫صӰ죬ҵܹ֮õԴ͸ˣҪݷΪȴʱһҪģҲһ̡֮˵
˵ͷǻҲʮĴģһε֮һỳɵͷϣһΪҲܹ޶֤
ؿ˿ˣͷ˵㱣أϳ¼ϣˣȻѾû֮أǹ⻹ǵһƬҵ
סԥһ£˵ס
ʲô˼ҵȹŪġ
Ҫӡ
СһŶ
ڴϣŤ壬оҶͷǳȥһƤСһ㣬ụ̂ЩܵҪЦ
˼Ҹоѿ˵
Ұ۾ϣͺöˡҶ̧ͷ˵
泶һ˿۵˼£Ȼѳ۾
ҵʲôƺе⡣
Ҷһ˿ָ˩˴ͷ棬óоЩʣЩţһĪڴ
£ֻ֮СϷҶһУһµѵûиоȽϴ̼𣿡
Ҳ֪һҲЩ
ס۾ȻܿɬȴһЩδ֪ڴͲóеЩᣬȴûҶͣ
ڴϵĳ棬˵ջҶһ˫֣̲סʼĦ˫磬ظš
ܵҶĸֻһĸоϮͷɵȫŤ磬˵Ҷ̼ϾΪ֮һǿҵܸ߳ӿͷɵƵҡȫŤתҪҶĸȴΪܵƶ޷룬ӭҶİһ㡣
ҶظоҶ˳ĳҵ˫ĸŪĶĻԲȦƵѩ׵ķ۾ٴӾǰʹóĺЩ
Ҷмɵزַ˫壬ֻ˳ŴԻͬʱȹҿȥų·Ľһ۵彥ֳ
ֻһӨļ˰⣬ǰʼʵ壬ţ縲߸ͦǰŵɫ٣ֻк춹СܱߵһȦѴСΣֳķۺɫϸ˸ǽ˴Σټϸֻӯӯһա
Ҷ̲ס˿ڿˮеͣÿЩܡ
Ҷֹͣ˫ְųÿ缡أѹ򼱻죬ۿųѾֿгˣҶһߣС覵ȫǰ
һ˫紺۰׵޳ȣԲ̵ͦΣȫҲκ覴ãȽ紦һϸϪȣֵ輸ϸëǻһһĿѣԣҶ޲̾ǹ۳һ
㲻Щ˵
ҲҶ֤
ֻ˫Ů˫֣˳˫壬ɽ׻ɽãŵ嶥żʵ۵飬ֻл󣬵ĵʮ㣬вޣԼ׬ˡ
Ҷ󣬾͸оڳ˫֮УкҴָƶǴӵס
ҶİŪȻ뼫ܣ٣ȴ𽥵ӲͦشҲʪ
Ҷ˫ɵ˫֣ڳ˫崦ãתأڲ๥ȥһֻڲزͣİţһֻ֣ȴزλԣزλţһΣΣΣǿҵĿд˳ԺһɿУҲƺǱͦ֫ڶš
ҶϲĸŪǰɫ壬ԼĶŪ£нļϸϸĺ飬ԵþӨϸ߰ڶӭԼİԲֱ޳ȣһһϵĻвƺܵļ尾
ҶķӦ㽫ָشţµظŪţҵеСĴָѹʳָָѿʼ̽Ѱ֮
ȥؼʱ̣ڽѾǺķˡ
ɶҶ˵
ԡȻû˵ʲôǳô֪Ļ⣬̾ͽߵغֹ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶĶͣЩæҵؽָ⿪Ȼְ۾ŵ˿õҵС㣬ϣȻȹӸ
⣬¥ˡҶһƵؿЦ
汾Ѿ⻰ǿŽȹãԼĳɴɢ˿˰ӣʼž


839 Ť˽
¥ĲǱˣǳɵķˣڶ档
ҶٻλˣҲǳд¶ʱ򣬲Ż
νĶĺܶ˶û˵Ҳ֣ΪڰʮڣίƸȽƵЩѾˣֻϵһЩǣŻһغš
ʵЩʮʮƣʱڵĹҵһа˸еҵһǡһеҵǡڶеҵ
1982ʱ򣬸еҵ׷׸ƣһΪеҵΪ˹ҵΪչҵĻΪӹҵΪҵΪйҵܹ˾߻Ϊ칤ҵ
1986꣬еҵͱҵϲΪһеҵίԱᣬ֮ûʲôеҵĽзˡ
ǺܶǻǴڻȻ˵ʱĽзܶ˶һãȻȫ㲻ʲô״
ɵķģǶλȽҪĸɲˣͬʱҲĳһĿѧңʲô̵ܹģƽʱѼˡ
ʱ򣬳СѾʰͣҲҶĶʹ
ʵϣڳôҶûɫѬľԣһֻעģ¥Ȼ֪ʱ򣬲ʲôˡ
Ҷ˷ţ棬ʵʵغһ̡
Ҷˣô¥濴ҶһۣŮѡ˻ǱȽģֻСӻ⣬ҲЩ
һҶҲǶʮѣȳ滹С˽꣬ҲȻˣôͣӢţҲȫģĻǳϹ֣
ŶСķ䣬˵װΡҶػشĸǸջǲǱȽæ
ðɣһˡ濴˿Ҷ̾˿Сĸ׿ǹ̫ܵˣҶԺҪҪί
ĸܷģҵǮȫС棬ҪҲÿһ£ǲǻᱻ˾ԴҶЦűʾ
Ǿͺá֮ЦЦ
裬λܴ죿ǻ˹ֻǻеȸеĸоҶһٱ飬ϾܵرֵһЩѯʵǸջҪ߰ɣ
ΪǶ飬˼٣ס졣ŮͷЩ۰ػش
ߵ˳࣬ҲһЩ⣬Ůɢһƽʱûʲôоģ㣬˵ᣬӦǶ֮ŻȻͷųһϢ
뵽ղҶͳˣ¥صģȻʲô¶Ҳ֪ŮǲѾˣ
Щ飬ɵûصҶһۡ
Ҷ飬δĸôһɣоȼ˽ͬ־Ҫڣ˵ϵֻôһȻͷ⡣
ǸոѾչˣĻ֤͸ˡ
Ȼ֮еʲô飬Ҳδؾ˵ʲôǱ˼ҷһĻҶϵĹʾͲʣˣϾǴţעӵģҶҲԼĽӲӲĻҶÿ
ԼҲе飬ĸ׵˵¥ȥɡ
ţҶԷɡҶ˵绰˵ҪȽܷɹҳûסģͱȥԷˡ
⵹ģҼҾһշӡҶͷ˵Ҹĸһ£ҲסƵȥȽϷ㣬Ҳڱſչȫ
˵ͷһ˷䡣
Ӵվһ;ûеһûպƽ⣬һ࣬Ӵ
ųСɫͱñȽѿȻǸոհѽŤˡ
𶯡Ҷһ鷳ˡ
æѳ·Żصȥ
ôôСġתһɵüͷ⺢ӣððʧʧģǶʽˣƫƫŤţ¶ôźá
Ӧû¶ɣһͺˡԼҲеơ
һĶʽϣΪ޷ֵĻָľų棬ҪʲôĻأóСеЩܣҲϣֻ΢Ťһ£˯һԶָ
һ¡Ҳ˲ڳҶͰѳ˿
ѽˡһʱе
ǳļ̫ˣʱѾ΢˸ףԼëϸѪɫеֹ۵ġ
ֻˮһˣϣԺһЩüͷ˵
Ҳûʲô취ֻϣŮǼ򵥵֯˰ɣһ˵˽ǾͲܿġ
ˮһȷҶ˵ҶðĦƣֻҪûʲô⣬˯һӦþû¶ˣֻǽмǲҪҶˡ
ҴôϴأЩƵ˵
ֻһϲϴ裬ģôġҶЦ
ȻҶͽֱˣʼĽֺڼλذĦ
濴ˣܾҶⲻڰĦǹռŮıˣڸ㣬еȥֲ˵ƣֻ˵ȥһҽ
Ȼ¥ȥˣ¥ݲȵ۵졣
㣬϶ˡЩƵ˵
ֻǸ㰴ĦѣûоúһЩǸѧģƵ˷ǳЧҶ˵
ףˣôһŪˡ涯˶󣬾Щɵ˵ҶȥĦʦˣ
ΪߣƱȽϼʱϵþˣͱȽϷѹˡҶ͵ѪͺˮһסˣͨˣͻܣֻҪ赼ˣȻûвʵĸоˡǸն˵ˮ϶Ҫȶ˺ܾõˮҪ״һЩ
˵ҲеͷҶҷ㻹ǺôģԺŤ˽ʲôģҪҽˡ
ǿ϶ģŵĽţñȥҶͷͬ
˵ҶעʱתƵ˳СѾϣ֮ͬһֺۣϣ΢ָ׸ǶȴǾӨ񣬷Ź󣬱÷ǳá
רİĦҲˡ汾ú۾ţҶķͻȻ͸еҶַеԾˣûˣֻʣɵ۾ûֵ
鲻ԽҶεЦЦ


840 
ףôˣʱ򣬾ͷŮղĽ󴦣ʱѾָˣɵôΪȡ
ҶǺбµġشЩԺĸо
治ɵЩɵؿ˿ҶСӵе£ðĦ鶼Ѳ
ŤȻǴ⣬һҹ֮ͻָҲ£Ҷ˼ѣͰģǾ͸δˡ
һӣҽͱҩˣϸһ³˽ţ͵ó˽ۣⲻ඼ûУ֯Ҳͷû⣬ǲӰ쵽Ķʽġ
Ǿͺá֮ڷ
ҲеģһĽܳĶʽֻŽˣôһĻЧۿۡ
ҶҵһлƵ˼棬ϳҪõҶ̳;֧֣ҶҲҪǰδĽҵһѡ
ֻԵĺѹϵҵõĻģҲġ
Ҷͳ֮ĹϵչĲҲˮɣ涼ʲôҲҴ˸еȽοһ顣
Ҷų¥ʱóүӺͳɶеЩȡ
СѽŤˡҶΪ͵
ôôСģЩȻ
ҪҪүӺܹĵʵ
ⲻ󣬲ϾҪˣҶҶһ¡
ˣɵô޵û뵽ҶᰴĦ˸е⡣
ͷһ룬ҶоǱ߶мְأ˵ҶȷʵЩ֮ĻǱ߶ҲϾ˵оʿ٣ϴĸࡣ
Сӣôأ
ɾѰ˼ţҶƽúôģ
ȻŤ˽ţǿȴܺãͣҪҶвˣȥȽϻֵĸо
ɵѾͷɿˣͰ̾˿
Ҷϳҳ˳һӣϾŵӣȥҶƽѻǡ
鵽ǵķɻʵǺܷģһҲСʱңҶƽרĻʱ仹̵ܹһСʱڡ
Ҳ˵ڷɻ͵˾ǡ
ȻҶƽרģΪ˶Ӷ飬Ϊѵ
оְŵģôһҶ¶Ҳ㣬Ըһֻһ֮Ҷƽרˡ
û¶ɣҶƽҶĵһ仰
û¶Ҷĸѻһۣ˵飬֪Ϊãʡһӵĵġ
Ҷƽ֪ǱȻģϾֳԱЩ˲ھǣҲһ͵ǰһε飬ǹϵҶ棬ô
û¶ͺãԺҪСġҶƽ˿ӣ֣صѵ
֪Ҷ˵ͷ
ѻȻ֪飬Щ˵ؿŶӣûȥңǱ߶鴦ˣôţ
޷ǾǰһȽϴķֶѣ˳˰ˣֻݶȽԺաҶᵽ¶ʵȤǺܴ
е飬Ҷְŵģ˴ǳ󣬴벻ҶܸʲôϾ漰˺߲ܶİȫ⣬Ҳܸ̫Ļ
Ȼ˵ھסƵ꣬סҲǴھӪľƵ꣬ʡ쵼ʸס֡
˵ͷ֮ѻæŸǴ绰һ˵ûûˣҶƽͳᣬҶһ߶ȥѯһδɱ顣
˷ģֻǧǧշĵҪôȥٶҲûʲô˼ˡҶʾ
Ȼ˵ҶڱȽϵʾʱûܵţɽ»µʱȷʵƺƴ󣬿֣ҶȻ¡
Ҳģ߲ҪˡҶƽοӵ
ƻҪô죿Ҷ¶ǱȽϹĵģϾ漰Լȫ
ͲùˣĿţдҶƽȴǲй¶飬ϾҶļ𲻹ܸ˵ֵľ
Ϊĸ߼쵼ˣҶƽ϶˵ľȻҶӣҲǲͨڵġ
Ҷ֮󣬵ҲûʲôֻǶҶƽ˵ȽϸȤŸַ߲ЩĻ֮ͽ
ֱץˣ̵֮Ʋˡ
ȶǴ֣κιΧⷽеģҶ϶²ͨ;Упܾذ֣岻ΪֶϿıȽϼһЩ
Ҳֻ֮ѹȥܹһٷԷƻӰ͵С
֮ܶӦǲйˡ
Ǳ߶ˣҶʵڸҶƽĹҲǷǳĵġ
ˡҶƽͷشҪǸɳǸ칤ȽϷأæµҾǰŴܳԶԻҪһЩȥʱȣӺùˡ
ŶǾͺáҶ˵ͷҲ֪꣬ҲǸպһ֮ڣеľ÷չǴõĻƽʱڣҪעģҲǸɲ÷һЩ⡣
Ϊеķչ˿쳵ԸҪƽĸɲҲܶ࣬Щ˶ͷҪְ޷ǾϣھڷɵУһѡ
飬ҶƽҪ赲ǵסģҲܰиһãҪƽ⣬ôҪҷȻˣΪһ֣ǴھƵλһ֣ҶƽķǺصġ
ȻסǾͷŽŴ򹷡ҶҶƽĻʱЦ
ʵϣⲢʲô¶
Ǻõط磬ǰ̣ǸĸɲҪƶƽģ߶ĻѸٷչʮ󳡵龰ڳΪԱǵԽʥء
ôõĵط϶Ҫ˲ŵģ˹Աǡ
Ҷ˼ͺܼ򵥣ҪЩ˹ֺã׵ǶŽȻǱְ¶
ǵıֺãǾãǵıֲãһͷ¶ʲôģҲͲҪҶˣϾץɲ齨裬Ҫǲ֪ģȻº֡
һҲʵˡ
֮ܶҶ˼ȷģƽԣǸ£ҪһѾߣ̰֮Ϊе뷨ȥɣ
Сн֪ԵҪˡҶƽˣʱЦ
ʵϣΪίԱҶƽڹٳнô꣬ôûֶⷽΣֻǰƽͣûرͻıֶѡ
ȥУȨգͱһЩ
ײǹϵˣҲֻϵùѣҶǲǿ졣


841 ϳҵŮ
¶ʮһ磬Ҷˡ
涩ӣҪдܶѣܲԴ
Ⱦǰȫоֵһͬ־ҶľǣԼܲµľ鲿ȵλָģǾϰˣҲе⣬һ˸Χı
˾ӪòǱϰˣǾḻսֱսףķʲôĻЩҲ൱õġ
ξǶİţҶһְŵġ
ҶҲùǳ̣оûʲô©ˣԭհᣬȥš
ڱͷ棬зıʹԼңǺŮǱ߶ģҪˡ
˫ǹڶĴţʱ϶гͻԳүӺµؽµҪзʡõʱ˼Ҳ֪зıͣŮı͡
֮ܶһİҲμӵʢᣬ⻹ٶ˵İ飬һٶ˵ķԱṩ
˵⣬Ҷ΢һ£óؼϸ֧ҪİٶҲ˵࣬ǱȽϱ˵ġ
ʵϣҶϣҶһȽϿŵĺ磬ֻǼǶֹ뷨ΪڵҶԵ͵һЩΪ˵磬¡һЩһЩͿˣûбҪʽʱȡ
˵ھٰôһ磬ҪĻǰףصıǵļ˵ȵʲôˮԵʲôǶˣҪϵıƴǵΪŸ
̷ʤͬ־Ҷ忴ǳ̵ʱ򣬻ǳһġ
õίԱаĵ̷ʤͬ־ȻǰҶˣӾ͸úܳˣ˭̷֪ʤܾǽͬ־Ĵˣ
ЩӣҲû˵һλίԱ˳䵱˵ģҶˡ
ŶҲûʲôֵġͷͱʾ̷ܵҲҶгĶͷ˾˵ϵӦøһЩϳ֣Ҳ֡
оֿаֱ쵼֮µǿţΪаΣ̷ʤͬ־ΪҶоٽֳֻ˵ùȥģһεĶ磬зҶҵĽܳӵܣŮǳүӵıŮǺ˹ڸ߲еĴ󲿷ˣӣ̷ʤܾԸġ
ʵϣǱ˵ˣ̷ε߻ʲôС񣬱Ͼзĵλ쵼ֳҪǲ˵϶ˬ
ֿ˿֣ҫۡ
ҶƽѻʱҲѾˣոճ緹ϹִֵҶ˵
廹ǵһμҶƽˣۣ;Ҷĸĸ׶һ˲ţѹְҶʡ㣬үӵıŮҲͬŮӡ
ӦʮһӿʼصĿǣܶھŵӾͻǰأϺʲôģ߶ڰ˵Ӿȫλˡ
壬Ǿͷĺˣ߶Ұŵ׵ģƲʲôӡҶҶƽظ֤
ôа˸ҶƽǳϵİţЩСǸ˰ɣǶ飬ֲݳ
ǿȤζѵôҶˣôһЩҶʾ
еܣƷءҶʱʹԶ˹Ц˵
Сˣװ粻ɣҶҶЦŶ˵ҿƶʦ㶩ķװһͷʹʮˡ
һ·ͼʮˣѻˣʱЩ졣
ãǮ·ûʲôˣ⼸ʮ·ǱյĲŻỨԩǮ
ʮֻƷѣ˹ˡҶѻ͵˵Ҳϵܴ·ֳ·ļֵ˴Ҳ̣
ǰԿޡҶƽһ߶Цָ˵
ҶܿͿ壬ͷС飿
ǵģҽ壬Ҷá˵ͷ
и׼װڴ棬дأȥһ°ɡҶ˵
ԱҲˣЩرʾ
ǰǸҷĸҶЦ˵ԸһȻȥװ
ȥҵԼĴӣһƶĳ¼ӿӣʲôģȫµһͷֵӦˣ·ϵĻȺһҲݶһٲȻһ߸˧
·ͷ߶Ѿʼ׼ˣҶҪȥӳ
̷ʤǱ߶ŪµϷȻóʱѾʻװһȥϲоҶھǵԽҰͳͳ˹һӴĳӡ
оַҲ˼ȻҶԴеΪȻΪ¹غ߲ܶİȫ⣬ҲǱġ
ĹǣȻʹּٹ˽Ϊȴ޲ĽӵȨƣҶݣҲûбҪȥװͨˡ
˵ʱҶĳӾͳˣھ֮£˳ɵһֱȥʮ֮ǰ͵ƺӡ
߶ҲǷǳֵģϳҵǵ˲٣˴ͣмʮ·סˣ˿ţҶĳӿճһ·
Ҷĳһ·˽ȥֱӽ˴Ųͣ
ʱԺѾ˺ܶˣҶ뿴ϳҵŮʲôӡ
ȵŴ򿪵ʱǾͿһΪӢӾǶʮӣȳȣһƷװȻһ˲š
¹үʵȴԵͷ˵Ѿͷҵδ򲻴
ܿǾʧˣ̾ͽĳŸˡ
ԭ
һδӳ߳λǷ˾̾ԲۣѾͷ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣһγģǱȸղǸҪʣҲΪ߹󣬶һƿȫֵơ
ֻԳ֮󣬾ȫҶеš
ôģһСôҵôţ
Ҷһ³ͱô˸ΧۣҲûʲôĸоϾôõ쵼Сֳᣬ̫ˣӦôPOSEôֳԼ֮
¥ϵĳ͸ҶƣɵóһѾͷҶмлأ
𣿡һȺŮԾΧŴţ֮Щϲõطʵϰˣ쿴һûһƷ˵
ˣʱ˷۶˵ҶСӲ̺öһɶׯŮЩԼŮˡ


842 Ѫ¼
鲻ͬǶҶҶԣ¶Ҳࡣ
֮Ҫô¡أʵҲеԭġ
һҪԭ򣬾ҶĹٶԽԽˣѾʵְɲһȷʵеף˵ɣֲ䣬ҶҲֻȰ˻飬ǶϾ˵뷨
ˣһδɲ֪жˣҪͨŮɫء
һҪԭϳҶ׮ҲеǣڵҶԽԽǿˣҶҵελҲԽȹ̣ԶԣϳҵӰȴϵڳүһһүӵĽ仯ôϳҵĵλͺܳˡ
ⷽԭϳҲо콫Ҷ֣֮ȷҪ
ǣҲ˶׮µģϾҶδ֮˴ѹ̫ҶʱɱδͲ˽ᣬҪƻҶҵơ
֮ܶز¶Ѿסˡ
ҶڳҴаСʱӣģֳЩģŸһźƺƵĳӣֱƵ߶
Ӹɽȥʮͣ
ô¶Ҷڳ˵ȻֳӲˣǰͷ
ȥӦһȻʹ򿪳˳ȥ
ԭ˰ϳ߶ҲܹʮʵҲǺܳĳӣֻеˣӶǺĿʽѣʱͣǳһ
ҲҺ߶ǹ·棬ûʲôڸĻҪΧˡ
˾Ա߶ƫƫóһҰ
Ҷ˳ǰͷȥͼԽҰһֶſ·סˡ
ʲôڸҶеЩ죬˵ھ棬Ȼô󵨰ⲻѧ
ɲǱĵط쵼˳УͨҲʱԵģ̵ܶʱͽˣɽͨӵµΪ
ҽԼӣ͸ͨŴкҲ˽⵽·ûʲôͨƣȴû뵽Ȼ˵·ֻǲ֪ʲô˸ɵģ
ûǶ룬ԷмϾһˣ˸ȣ߶ʼ
С棬Ҫ޸ҵģ
Ŷ泵ˣȻĳͷǰһдšҶȥСҵģ֣ббģõİײӣȥ͸ҽԺſڵҽһС
ܳһӣҶ֪̾2B˭ˣǸڳҴſɧųʲô
СӵĲȻܵ·ǲˣ
ִͦŰҶ˳һ۵
СʱŭˣȹӾҪȥۣʱңԲ
첻ﶼϲҾͲҶ٣ҶԳ˵ֽڵŦ۽⿪һȥ
Ǹʱ䰡Сſڴ϶
û⡣Ҷ˸Vͣһ֣ʮӭȥ
ѾǰͷԷۿˣǰ·ÿ
ԷҲ˶ʮˣȻĶǱװǴԶǾи֣͸˶
Ҷô¶ߵǰͷһ֣˶ͣ
ҶתȥԺ¶ͷǴ˵ҲҪﴦ˽˶ԹӾͺã
ôһ˵Ǿͺֵܰ˳档
ǰǿúˣƲһ߲ȥˡ
ӣӳҶ˵Ҳˣ㹻ǶŵˡֵǣһҶţ
һ⻰ʱ˼ֵĹͷ϶ƤЩ⼣߰ߣЩɫһ֪ǹõĴ
ҲһӣžҶ˹
顭
һ죬ڿеͻȻǱʲôһ£žͷһҽУһŶ˵ϡ
ŹЩǼ״ʱסˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻء
ıȽϿ࣬ʱҲȽҰһֱڲӣıûѧʲôľԲˣȴû뵽ֻһ棬˼ҵı߶ûԼ˵ڵˡ
Ѫ
ͻȻ˿ð˺ܶѪһƬ
еˣ
˾ͺɫҲ׷¶˾ɫ
ھ涯ǹɲһ˸飬ǶԷͷҲӦù˼ģôǹ͸Ϸһأ
Ҷ棬һǹǹƺܹð
ǹڴյ߶ش˴ͼϮ׳Щ˶
׳ʲô׳
ֻǱӵ˶ӣûˣֻҲˣԾŶӹ˹ҶȻҿǹң
顭顭
Ҷԥǹ˹ȥ
һҽУ϶ʱðѪȴѾҶˡ
ɵƣ㶼˷ҶٵӵҶһ
ǹȷʵϮ֮󣬾еǹ˼ˣȻ˵ָĶĶôľ룬Ⱦʹ򲻵ϡ
ֻ˶е𺳣ΪҲͬСɣҶǹһ˸ˣ鷳ˡ
ɢͣϣ
Щˣеסˡ
Ȼ˵ҶǹٱˣûһӦĻȥֲ֮˺ôȥ
һҪ˾СҶ
ˣһͦһ飬һ΢ʹӲ֪ʲôط˳

һ󺺼ˣͫ׶ʱȻû뵽˼ҾȻֶæ󺰵
Ļ˵̫ˣҶ߶˶γ΢壬ͻͻͻɨ
ʱأһأضѪȥĿġ
ҶԴ˵ûʲôǵģֻֻһ绰ȥ壬߶Щ˶ʮҵĵȫŵˡ
㶯ǹˣʵ
˱Ƕ࣬ǹѵŰ򰡣ҶشҪֱӸͬ־绰ǳֶ˽ٵ飬˷粻ɳ
ţ¶Ҳö˵ǽα׳ȫûаǵʱУѾˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô˵ֳɣ¶ҲҪͬ־ˣǰжǰһЩѣæȥɡ
áҶ˵ͷ˵绰
٣ô˵ʵ
һӷŵôˣһǹǴ¶оֵ˵ҲǼҳ㷹ʲô飬ϾڱҪʱר֮ȨģһжΪ׳İȫǡ
ӿ·߶ͳͳ̥Ǹʱ䡣ҶԸ
̾ȥôˣӿһԣȻǹ̥޷ж


843 ƺ
ӿһ߶̥
ʮߣҲϵ·߶ڿ˵·
Ҷֶɱңϵ׼񣬡Ҫǲɱңڵһ죡
㣿١±ӰɡҶؿһ̧ۣһǹм䡣
ˣ˶һŶ
ϾһǹҲϣǼܵʹǳ뺷ͻȥˣܹŵڣҸҶ
ʱҶһǹ˵ڰͷһᣬ׻˹ȥ
٣׳⡣üͷ˵
ıҲ֪ģܵһԷ˵ĻӰ쵽Ҷǰ̡
Ȼ˵¶ԹᵽԷ׳ӵϣҶҲɵģҶڵеŰɱˣ˵ˣܲǺ¶
ûϵƹ˽죬ҪɨһˣûʲôܹΪ˵ϻˡҶ˿ϵֹһķӣһǸ߿ˡ
ȵҶ߽˳棬еǵʵһƣô㣬ðɣ
ڳУһ˭ԸǸֵãֲܰŪϵһȴô˷
һ˿Ȼ˵ˣȴҲһЩеǰΪ˵
ԣҶôóеģһһȺͷһȥڸ״Ļкܶ鷳¶
һϮ飬Ǽҵģ˵õôҶԳ˵ھǸ飬ǴԼһβĻ㵱ֵЩ˶ǰ裿
⻰ʱͰĶˣͷ˵Ͻ߰ɣʱ䡣
ӿʼǰȥղһطʱ򣬾ͿϵѪ·߶ɱ༦һ㣬еĿĵĸо
мһ졣ҶųЩŵɫס˵
ǲеˣֻҪ֤ϲңʵ
ôô򵥡ҶشֻЩˣЩߣεģ׵ģЩȶأЧֱӵķǰͳͳͻͻˣ
ɱô󡣡˵
ɸ꣬Ң˴壬ˣܲЦǺǵ˫ַϰɣҶشǵĺӣѣ죬κһ죬Ҫ뿪٣ѡˡ
ˣ˿Ҷȷʵ˵˵ô򵥡
һҶٵֶΣ־ȷôĲ˵ֻƾĳ棬үүͬ־ҶһٶͲ˵ء
ľٶʵеΪֻƾԼĶʮ֣ҪҶѪҪѳ浱ҶҸϳҶǰ
Ȼ˵үںĳû¶棬ֻƾ˼ڳ棬ǰϰ·ҶҲҺԥذǸŵˡ
ֻҪֳºӦδҪҶģȻͻزŵƺ󣬰һжġ
˵ү泵УǸǱݻģ˭ǲ
ӴȺߵԱ߶ǿ·߶Ĳ״ЩľٿҶʱ򣬾ȫû˿뷨
үӳİµϷʱ򣬳ɾüͷСӣֹݵİ
ֲ޵Ļܹɴ£үӱ۾˵
Ҳԡɵ˵ͷ˵ʲôˡ
Ƕԣʵֻ˵С档
սĳүӣͿˣȻǰĳʲô棬ǿǹһЩǵİȫвΣշӶѣֲ˼޹
˵ˣΪ̳ϵүӸԼŮǷ죬ϾϵŽҶ̳ܹöԶ
ӽҶıһҲˮֹϣ׼ȣȴ˶Է棬ûиҲѸ٣⼸ȫΪһ쵼߹ȣүӿ֮󣬾;ñȽ⡣
Ҷ¶ԥĻǻ䲻Ůˡ
ӺܿԶˣһصĳ
Ⱥ߽п죬ƽÿϣٶĿӵǴöĵطֻʧѪЩ࣬ȥǳңʱһ
٣٣
һ˹ȥյ߶ͷ̧Уѹ
绰
Ǵĵ绰Ⱥ˸ˤˡʹػش
˴ˣҵòٲңҳҲ̥绰Ҳûˣֻǵ˴ﾭǸˣǰæҲǺõġ
ǵһӣ·ϾȻһĳӶûУɵ˸е־ȡ
ⲻѧǾǱȽֵһ·ʱ֣ôûг
죬е鶼͸¶
һҽУڴʹ˹ֻǴľʹ޷ܡ
١һʹʵô죿ͨѶĶûˣطȻû·ġ
棬СͨѶ˵֮۵Ļ˹ȥ
˶ᣬһƽᣬõľʹ˹ȥӵĺ򿪣Ȼ淭˾ͨѶ⼸򵥵ĶľеһͷԵڵϣͨѶҲ䵽˵ϡ
Ա߶һ¾͹˹ȥͨѶùȻߣʼ
ȵͨѶ֮ͨƵʼԼĳٺ
顭
һ촫˹ϵͨ˳ȥڿɢһ
ʮͻȻߵУžܶǹʵˣȴǴһִûпķװ֪ʲôֵġ
ţͿһλʮ˴ӳֳһܣȻŻֵʮӣʰֳָԭ״
ǻûиף˵仰ʲô˼ͼӳܶˣ̧ŵʲôģЩ߷׷̧ȥȻЩ򳵵У浹Щҽ豸Ҳ˸ǰҩҵѪʲôġ
һ
˵ԺҪô㣬ҵ涼û׶ֻǵֲϣƺѾ֮ʲôӣһжҪĻЩ˵Ĳˡ
ؿ֪ҪǸʲôطȥ
һ͸һͷͷ־Ȼѹˮ·˹ȥܿͰѸղŻѪ߰ߵ·棬ϴĸɸɾ
ţһְɫķĩøѹˮһ顣
Ȼ˶ˡ


844 רȨ
ΪҶֽѵЩ·ߵḶ́ϳҵЩǵ飬е𶯡
ȻǰҲ˵ҶҶٶĿ¿ǹ龰Ǹ˴˺ܴ𺳵ģǺƽʱڰ
ӵػ˵壬ѪɽʱֻǺ̵ܶļӣصѪ޷Ͼһһ߶ɱһս̡
ھǵķͷʢ˾н׾˾ˣкܶͷǣҲеչ˵ģΪⷽԭеţȻܵϳǰȥɧų棬ұҶײ˸š
һӵܣԲԸŸɣɱһǧ˰ٵ飬һ޷濹⣬ҶͬҶٵһֱǣҪǸҸը̶ҾͰʵˣûеڶ·ߡ
˾Ƶʱӭ
Ҷƽ򸾵ҲˣȻΪ˽Ҷͳ棬Ϊ˺泵ŵĳүӣҲֻŵЩֳԱǳӭ
ҶԴ˳ţһѳүӸʱΧ̷˻ҵĹ
ү鲻ЦݣƵƵ⣬ȻҶͳĲ£뿪˳ӣרΪ׼õ֮ϣŽ˾Ƶ档
Ϻá
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˷׷ʺ⣬Ҷƽ򸾽ӭ˳үӣָɴкȻһ˾Ƶꡣ
žͿ˸ִίǣίԱǣгίǣԼȥĵλ൱쵼ǣνǼüһãȴڵ´軰ỹҪ֡
ҶүӺͶүҲˣæŸλǺѡ
үӽ˶ʱóһͨ׷׹ʾӭ
ˣˣлλүƵƵ΢Цʾл
飬ȻҶͳĶʽʵҲѸ棬ϵͳĴҶңѾҵľͷϳңʽˡ
ִ棬Ϊһ֮ĳүӣȻҪֳģҪ˵ڵЩǣ϶Ǻǣ֮󣬶Ҫ𾴵سһϡ
ʵϣΪĹϵһﶼȥڣүӺͷѾΪ˶λˡ
ϰűĵڣǷǳҪģү㹻ߣͬʱھ÷Ӱ˿ɼԾýΪĵʱͽͽӣ׷ӸλȻҲ̧øˡ
үӱϾߣԸҺ˼䣬ͱƵϢȥˣǳɺΪŮҳҶƽ򸾴յһ
ͱȽȤˣа̷ʤʽǰףص쵼ǵвǰףص쵼ȵȣҶĸо񿪻һ
֮˫ָ˫ҳףȵȡ
Ȼǽ飬ôԽϼһЩںῪʼˣͬʱںʱ̨棬ҶŪŮǣѾʼˡ
ʱҶͳͣˣһ𣬶žƱҶȫͬ£ƵƵλͱʾлȵȡ
߶ĵαȽϸߣҲʲôƵ˵ҶŵĺƣתһȦǸղôࡣ
ֻһһֱ΢ЦƤеҪĸо
ѣҪǽʱ򣬹ƾ͸鷳ˡҶԳ˵
ǰͷۡ뵽⣬ҲɵЩ
ͻȻһ״ûӣע˹ȥ
һֱøǰֻ۾ҿҵۣʵΪλؼ˵ʵ̹״ӿܾʹϣŮ׼ŵ硣Ҫ͵ҵƬд䡣ҪʵҵİרȨѽҪίҪԹҪװ
ﲻǾûԺһһɹƭұߣŮ붼ҾԶʱҪҹ̵꣬ڻӺΪΪˢҵܶöԶҺߡ
ףʲôˣȤ̾ˡ
ҶˣȴЩȻû뵽ҶһȻ׸ŪˣһĶʽϳ˳
Ťͷ̨Ͽ˹ȥͼ˼꣬СѾͷһɫȹȥ͸Ӳ࣬ΧмģһԶһԶġ
龰ҶٸеЩѿˡ
Ȼ˵׸еĵʱд˼ģû뵽Ȼ̨ϳ⾿ô¶أ
ҶҶ٣ծƣɲһŮ˶̵˵İ
רȨҶҶٲ֪ʲôط˳յ˵ã׸裬ǲǺӦҶС˼̫͵ðˣиԺľɹ
ƨ¡Ҷ޲ðҶһ٣̫ɶˣʱ˼곪ָ裬ֱǴ
ǳԼҲҶͷֻһŮˣǻϻصܣǼҶϵŮˡ
׸費Ŷ磬ͷ¼һ¸ңڼʡĳ治ΪȻԺءЦؿҶһۣȻҶ˵
Ҷ˸۶ȴû˵ʲô飬ȷʵǲ˵ʲôģ˭أ
˵֮䣬ļ˹˵
ҶÿնͰҶһ߶ǳرʾϴôһֶ˼¶ʱôţͲ˵һ˵ôԵסֵôţ
¶Ҳûʲô취Ҷһ̯˫֡Щε˵ҰŵĲЩٳӣҲû˼Ȼ׸˵ˣʵҾ׸Ҳ㿴Ҷú˼
Ҷˣ֪СѾͷ˼Ϊ涩飬УЩίȴ˵̨Ͻ׸йһЩе֮顣
ֻǿЧǲǺܶŮ˶յǱ߶̨£׸Ȥ׷ױʾҪ¼ȥŸԼϹһ
ðɣ¶Ҳ˵ˡҶͷһڸ˵ĳ棬ȻҶ˵ôûп楹˵Ҫһ𣿡
楣ҶԽԽ࣬충飬ڵ绰Ҳʾ⻰˵ҲҶеŤȴҲûа취˵ʲôΪڿʼ֪֮ôֹϵ
ѾõҶҵϿɣҲܳΪýȢӣϾλǸŵġ
ˣҲˣղ˶࣬ûпܸո뿪ðɡҶͻش
Ҷ̾˿ҪԵ飬ԶڵΪӣ˵׸裬¼̶á
϶רȨֵǮҶӦ֮󣬾˵һ
Ҷһۣȴû˵


845 ҳ⣬Ҳ
϶רȨֵǮҶӦ֮󣬾˵һ
Ҷһۣȴû˵
ȻͬҶԣҶİרȨѾָ˺üݶˣȻЩŮ˵УЩ²ںֵģ˵ľݣλһλϳ¼ϵĹѸһλϵɷ򣬻߾ôȥˣ˾δػô롣
˵楣˵л񣬱˵˼꣬˵˪⼸λǵֵģûеֵģ϶뷨ǲġ
ֻڱСλӣҿ˭ҲûпùȻǲƽġ
˽˼ı֣極ȻȥҶ֪г󹬵뷨е̫ˣ⼸Ůˣһʡ͵ĵơ
ṩʳΪ֣һڵĴͳϯȵʽƷһ־ͣҪʽƷΪˮǳ˺ȡ
ҶղתһȦЦ˵лͶеˣʱҶһ𣬾һ֭ȡ
ʵϣЩǣһҶǲʶģһͬǣ
ǵҵôҶʵ
ϡҶشʱȻЩġ
ҶĹ湫˾Ϊ˹ڵCIгɹλ迪һӽЧǳãԸҲ׷Ч£һҵ񣬾ͿΪϵ룬ܻάҵʱ䣬˵ս
˵Ȧ߶ĿǰҲڱ״̬ԭΪҶһֱ˾ģͶȽ϶࣬ͬʱҶĽ飬ԭ߽ѡķ֣ⷽͶҲȽϴ
˵Ļֹ˾߶ÿҲмڵ롣
ڵҶ̤˹ڶС
ţǾͺáҶ˵ͷȻ˵ҾãҲһԲһ¡
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Ʒƻҵ񡭡ҶҶ˵
ԣҶˣʱüͷҳ˻öϷ֮⣬ʵڲ֪ʲôֱˡ˵ƷƻҵǲǾ˵ΪƷƵԵķ̣ûʲôˣȻƷƵԵ󲻴һ֣ȱάԱۺòϣ뷨ǲɵġҪһ㣬ǹƷƣ϶Ϸֹˡ
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ҶټҪۣҲܴеģŲȥʲô˵ķ̡
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ʶƫָ˺𣿡ҶƲƲҵ˼˵ԼһƷƳԼƷƵԣ
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㵱ȻûǿԴӹģɹװҶЩɸֵرʾֶʵ򵥲һƣȻõӣ水ͰԪͿˣд壬аѸ׶ǯӾͿӹõ飬ΪʲôҪôأ
ҲУҶˣʱЩȵ
ֻǵ뵽Լǳ˹˾ҲûеԵȻˣǾûбҪˣҶṩ˼·ȴҶе¶ǿԲһµġ
ȻҶ˵Ǵ幤ܹӹĶҶ٣ͶǮ¸㲻
飬ʵ͸ҵCIƲ࣬ҪľηƣȻѡʵĲװˣ˵ԺۺʲôģȫԹӶת˺ѵʵǺܼ򵥵顣ҶҶ͵룬ϼڳһԣܹ̯֧֮ŶӣϵռԱиĽǮǷǳ׬ģҲҪѶʱ濼һ°ɡ
ôһ˵еˣȻǻǮܹ㶨飬ֺηأҶ֮󣬾°˵϶һ·ܲܲһ԰ɣ
ҪҪǱʮģЧȻͳˣǱҵҶҶǱһԵ̬ȣͶ֣˵ҪĻȥһ룬ڵĵԲҪһǮһףв֮һϣҪԼĻܹ԰ڵĵгڻϿ˵һƬĮ޵УǼ̨ʮ̨гģһһ»⣬Ҫһӣôг㲻ǿϧˣ
ô࡭Ҷ֮һ㣬ɵóԾ˵ʮϵռ䣿ô⣬϶ԼҲܺʰЩŮǣһж
ŮҾкܶ࣬Ǵֻһ˵ܹԼ⣬ֻ𣿡ҶҶ˵
ҶֻǧҲʱ򣬸Ҷ㻨Ǯмʮϰģݶֵǲ˵ˡ
ҶңЩȻбҪһҶҲһ׬Ǯ
οҶĳɾԽ󣬶ҶҵĸҲԽ󣬱ϾҶӵܣҶЩùŮбġ
һ⣬ҶĿҪǷڹִĿϵģ˵ԴڵȵȣҵҲ쵽˺ȥȻûбҪٸڵǿЩҪԴҵˡ
Щҵø˱ˣҶҲ᲻ģøҶʲѡ
ҳ⣬Ҳ⣡ҶҶ˵
ã¶ҷˣҶˣҲɵЩжضҶ˵
٣үӺȥȻ˹СҶ˵
֪ʲô¶𣿡ҶӦһȻʵ
Ǹǽ·ϵеϵ˵
ŶҶˣ˵ͷЩɫЦҲûʲô
ҶҵЩˣǴԾ˵ʱҲеɡ
ҶǰᵽҶƽ˵ҶǣᵽҶүӣ˵үӣᵽҶӽҶܳᵽҶӳҶ˾˵үӣǱȽϺˡ
֮ܶһһûиԼ׳ƵĽз治ð졣
һ˼ңһүӣǿ϶˵ױˣƫƫҶ߶ȽϸӣзҲͲͬһ˼ҡ
ô鷳Ҷʵ
û¶үӺȥ˵ڳ̸顣Ҷҡҡͷ
ֻǽ·飬Ҷûʲôõĵģ¶ŵҲοгүȻ̧׵ġ
ҶʹȺ˳˸кȻķ˹ȥ


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үӺʲôҶ˵ҶүӺ˵е棬߹Ҷ
Ҳ֪صģЩʺ֪ɡҶʼ
ȻǼеĵϵҶ߹٣ݲͬҶү˵пܻǸЩ飬ЩȴЩ֮ӵʺġ
ΪŵӵܣһЩؼϣҲܱ֪ĸ࣬Щ鲻̫Ҫûбơ
Ϊɣֹһ䣬뵽˽췢·ϵ顣
ʱҶĳȷʵأһˣ黹治ô
ȻðȫҪԼԷԳӽйɣԽ͵ĹȥҶϾ˿ǹ
ǹŹǿɾǾǿƵһǶԷҧסһҪۣҲûпռƣҶһǹŵ֮ǰǰֲǹͲǱģǴй˽ߵĿˡ
ʲô飿ҶЩʵ
·Ϸ飬ϳҵЩȻˣ˶˳Ĭû̸ҶҲû˵һֱæµŴֳҶȻҲ޴ӵ֪˵¶ʱҶԵһãȻ
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¶Ҫүүһ¶ҶǾͱѳүӸˣţֻҪүүһ֣Ҫ˵ʲôԷû˼ȥ
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Ҷ߽ʱ򣬷ͦġ
ҶүӺͶүӶڣͬ־Ҳڣоͬ־Žͬ־ʯȨͬ־ԶǣλͷȻڳⶼٿгίȫˣĻмλίԱҲ
ƣһȺǹ
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̷ʤһΣҲеԸ鷳¶ƤʵǲôǱ߶ǴԼðѽ
涼ǵλ൱Ǹ߳һΪаĸˣȻӵ˼ҵĸ״Ͳܲʣһóһʵ
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˿үүϣԸôѣʡһ۸ɫĻƺܶͬ־Ƕ᲻ġ
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Ȼλͷ֮ĩһλԶǵְע䵱йٵĽɫҶۣǷǳҪġ
ȻˣԶǿΪҶ˵ҪΪҶμίҪԱ˺ܶҪƶȷһЩĸϺӣӰҲǴǡ
£ȻҪһάˡ
ЭϯְʯȨͬ־ˣͱʾ˲ͬĿ֣̬ȲͷҶͬ־û˵ܶˣɲã֮ܵ󣬲½㵹ãֱӾ͸ǹ۶ˡ
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ô˵ǿҶүӵ˵ģҸһ㣬үӵĹϵǳãֶԾӣҶʵʵڵĳүӵŮ涩˻ˣôҲ̨ܲ
Ȼ˵ҶԸЩϲֹؼʱ򣬾վȥ
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ò˵ˣΪλгίλѾ̬֧ҶˣҪ˵Ҷүӻû˵Žͬ־ҶҵĹϵȻͨҲûʲôڣ侮ʯҲһȨƱѡ
ͬ־Щ飬;Ҷȷʵƻģֻһѯʵ̬ȣͰѴгίǸ£ȥˣҪͶƱĻȵڲ֮ˡ
ã˵еʵʵ飬Ӧ÷ֿģλ쵼СӣСӵĸ֣飬Ȼøλÿ˾ǡҶŽͬ־΢΢ȴϵرʾ
ϵı鶼еŹ֣Ҷô˵Ǻһ˲仯ΪŮһ㣬˾޿ޡ
¶ʵ龿أǺüλгί֧ҶȴҲΪ˼һ죬ǹ˵ڮ
˵˵£ҸǶһϰӡ̷ʤ˵
мλͬ־Ҫ֮һ˵ˣҲи֤ʡٷһˡҶɵرʾ
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ôһҶҲһʱ䣬λ쵼ļ乤ϵ顣
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Ϊץùĸܣͬ־Ҷ飬һֱǷǳĵġ
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Ҹʱ˽ģҶʵȻ˵һ䣬δشҶԴް
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ÿ쵼ʱ򣬶ǵõһ棬Ҳų˹ķ˸еǳΡ
ںܶ쵼ԣҪһʵȻȡѵѹõģǼĲʵͻᵼǵжϳƫǵĴƶôʵʣǷǳΣյġ
ΪˣҲһЩرĵԱʲôģ˵Լݣѧݻͨ˵ݣµطȥ˽飬Ϊľͻֻɲķ˽⵽һֵϸϣڱƭ˻֪
ǰһǳЦ飬ĳ쵼ȥɽ̻ŲֲɽͺͺʲôûУһӴҾͻˡ
а취ֱɽҸͿɫúܶũƤڵð
쵼ʱ򣬾ǿųԶԶؿһ£һƬá
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ϾʱȥӲ˵ģһֳ̬˵ĳĳصĹúʲôģҪջЩĻԼԼˣ
Խͬ־˵Ҫ˽飬ҶΪֻ˵˵ѣȷʵϣ֪ɽеʵ
ɽеʵǲġҶ룬;ĻϾɽеȷʵҪһЩΪԴȽϷḻԶɽеϰǱȽģˮƽԽϺãֻҵ֮ҲִһЩ⡣
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˼ȽϽҶĻشǳ϶ΪشɽȻͨ󣬵ǵԱȽǿطϵ쵼Ϊ⣬طҲȽʢУǰһγֵβ¹ʣʵϾ͸кܴĹϵ
˵طѾһЩ̹ˣͬ־ˣʵ
ǵġҶ˵ͷ϶һ㣬ʵϣڿԴḻĵֻͬݷϵģӦձһһȥȾǴη֣ȽһɲȻƶϳԶԿһЩ淶ȡܹⷽҲҪֲ湴󣬲ܹʹΪ
뷨ǲġԶˣͱʾͬȻʵǺӶʡ쵼ͬ־뷨θ룿
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ҶԹɫúλʯȨͬ־Ƹ¡ڹϵˣǲ֪֮ʲôԨԴ
ǱȽ֣ǲСϾҶүһȥ֮ҶĻȨҪ˺ܶ࣬ԼҲܲ¡ڣ᲻ʲô֮顣
¡ڵĹϵñȽϽӲȷʵʲô¶
ֻҶҲһ˳ӵģԷȷʵվڵϣôҲǺ顣
ǺӶʡ޸ٹ·˵ʽģͬ־Ȼʵ
Ҳ˵ġṩһ¹˼·Ȼ߶һ¶ѡ⣬Ҷ϶ǲܹͬģĻûǮˣԴ󻧰
Ȼ˵ҶȷʵǮǾȼ飬֪ġ
ںʽӴ󲻼٣ʱŵԼϱģһб䣬Լʽܹ֮ЧûŸ뷨
ȻˣڹڵĻϻʲôģҶˣȻ֪ʵҶٵ˽ѡ
ֲֻ²ҲΪ²ѣģϾӷϵ楣ҶҲްϵ
ʵڵֻҪ㲻ϣôղ飬Ҹģ˭ҲҪ̹ǣǷصͻĶԷҲȥĵơ
ĳϣһڹͬ˵ĹϵϾ˭Ĳҵܵ𺦣ʲô¶㿴Цʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽ԼҲôһ졣
ΪˣϲŻмȵײ˵
ȻһײģôҾάͬ˭սϣҪܵĴģҲΪ˴Һá
Ҷ򵥵ؽӶʡ޽ٹ·ľ巽˽˽Ȼ˵ԼʵķʽˣЩ⡣
Ǯ·⵹Ǹķӣֻʽ޴󣬲ҵĶֲǡͬ־Ҳʾ
˵⻰ʱ͹úܿ죬ʱ˽㱨˵Ǽλͬ־Ѿˡ
Ǿʲô飬ҵĵĽ׽һ¡ͬ־˵ȻҶүӣҶ㿴Σ
áҶүӴ
Ҷˣɵа˶ˣѵܲ˼ҽ˵


848 Ĺߣ
ȻӶ˾ͽˡ
һͷȥӦöʮˣ˾ͷһϴһЩĴϴķ׵ľɾװɫûоα־ͨװ˵ǵĸףǳھϵͳġ
⼸λͣ˵ҲǸڳ֮޼ѣ𼶱ǲ˺ܶˣҲǴͷǸͽϴžɾװһЩ䣬ιܲĸְĽ죬ֻȥҲкܾˣӰҲ˵Ǻܸߡ
ϵǺܶ࣬ڵĸ࣬⼸λֻ˵ʸԼ뷨ϴѡ
̷ʤνӵǵĿߣƻûʲôˣԸĹ˾
ϾҪظĿҶҶҵλӵܡ
ҪˣҵǸھ˵Уȥ˵ӵܣԵӵܡ
Ա֮£˶ӦȡᣬҲΪʲôҵȻѾȴ˷˰취ȴûԸɽԭ
Ҳ⼸λϾͷǣԼľΪгίǵǰڣҲû˸Ұô
еʱ򣬴ϴֻɵݣʵϾһֻ
һǰ˹˻Ͳ˼ٸǶƽˡ
ϾҲһϵˣ˵
ͬ־ãλ쵼á˴кȻ
ͬ־áͬ־Ҳ˻Ӧ
ͬ־ǼΪϼֱӵرԼ⣬ϣǹˣ䲻ϣܹע飬ץסȳ
Ϣȷʵ𣿡ͬ־ʵȻҶүһۣͼҶүޱ飬ƺûԷĻٿһ۶үӣͼүڶ䣬ָ׵һ£ƺͳٶ
ϢȷʵĿ߿֤شԷȨ̫ĿֻṩϢҳ֤
˵˭ͬ־ʵ
˵ҶϵҶǹͬˣҲǹʧˡش
ȻͿҶүӺͶүӶǼȻҪΪ쵼ӳͷģҲ»Ҷҵˡ
Ͼ֮䲢ھͬһϵģǵҶң޷ھѣЩѾȥǶԣνˡ
˵ǲ֪飬еĶ˵ѣͬ־üͷѯʵ
;˵飬ȷʵܲ׶ģ쵼ǰôֻܹƾһСϢ״ģ
飬ȷʵܲ׶Ϊǵ棬ûյκε֤ݣ˵Ҷȷʵˡ
Ҫһ㣬ڸǺټ޷
Ȼ˵ģǽҶĳеıǣӦöĿọ̈̄Ҫһ±֪ʵ顣ش
Ҷϣ㿴飿ͬ־ŤͷҶүӵ
ҶүӵĿϿ˿ֿ˷ˣ̵ػش˾ڳҶ˵£飬ֲô¶
˵Ŀ⣬ʱеҶϡ
ҶԼȴһżϾϵĲ豭һڲˮȻִӵһ棬ھ׽š
ҵĿⶼеԼϣҶЩ˵飬ҿ϶Ҫ˵ģʲôʺӶͷϿۡ
Ҷ俴Ҷ֮󣬰˵üëʱԩ޳ΪʲôҪǹǲǱץˣ
ͬ־ˣôǲõġҶû˿֮⣬˸۶ʲôѧ˼ǿͷΪ֮ôǻֱӰˣҲǰģ֪ʲôô
˵۾һɵǿųˣһƷãھҲܽôܷʲôǹߣ
ͷǣʱҲ
ʲôУߣ޵¿ջ꣡ҶһʲôǶ֪ܹܸң֪ʲô𣿣
ʲôݣɱʲôݶҪܵϳ͵ģһͷŭҶүһۣҶϵӣҲһҪط
طҶ˿ͷеЩ淢֪Сôӵôɱ˼˵飬һطˣҾǿЩʲô
Ҷ˵֮󣬾ȡһʮϣַַȥ
гίίԱǣ⼸ͷһݶϣ׷׿
ʱȻУľζǻϾûڲôٵĻᣬʹñֶΣռʹǿֶζԸŮԣԾһ˾ңм˲̶ͬȵ˲Уͬʱ常ٵĻᣬڻвб깤ƳϣǵⲻһУ˼̶Ȳȵ˺ǿ¼ҶߵָһǾȻ˵ƷһãҵҪǣǵУҪʲôزƷԲãһϰʮҲûкͿȻΪһ쵼ܸңһǵģǲǱԵˣ
Ҷ׼ǱȽ϶ģʵԴڳҴլ֮Ҷͺܲˣȥϵ׶ͷСȷʵʲô
֮ǷϮԼ飬Ȼҵ˲еġ
Ȼܹ϶Ҿһжıǿ϶Ѳ˸ϵģҾݲ룬ΪԳЩ뷨ҪҶɵȻõᡣ
ҳ̫ˣܸǰȣǲżҪҶɵŸĻᣬ³Ϊһ߼塣
ⷽɣҵҶֵĿԵġ
ֻҶҲû뵽ȥҽ˲μӶʽȻҲܱ˸סǶÿԣʱϻװ
ˣҶðǶ֡
Щ飬ҲδؾġõЩϣҲ˺ܶ࣬ȻԸһ㡣
ʵڣݵҶ̽۾һɵǾίµõĵ㵱СӹҼңһҪΪѣ˵ѵĹˣ
ôһ˵ñӶð̶ˣҲüͷҶеˡ
ϾԷȥͬ־Ľ;ˣô̬ȣǸ˶ȥ


849 ͻ¼
Ҷͬ־עԴǡ̷ʤܲòԱһ䡣
һε飬ֵģȻ˵δؾоȨǰȻҲܹҶֵ̫ˣĻҵδ棿
ϾϵڲűǱȽصģʸͬ־ȷʵܹܺܶȨڶԼȥ֮ǣҲʶϸɲĴ㹻ء
Ϊ˭ȥһ죬Ҫżڹ̳ӵ൱Ӱͱڿʼ𣬽ϾϵĴͳȥĻԼȥһ죬ɾûĻˡ
ΣҶֲͬ־΢ʵġ
Ǹ˼һʱˡҶŹģұʾǸ⣬Ȼ˵ȻҪȷʵǸҽȷʵǹˣҲʲô
ȷʵǹˣԥ¶Ҫôķ䣬ҶĻ֮󣬾ͷʱ˷ˣλ쵼ǶˣҶԼϣȷʵǹˣΪһԱɲȻ۾˿ǹôģλ쵼Ӧ׵İɣ󣬶Ҷǹһ£
һͬļͷǣҶĻҲԾ
ȻҶԼǹô¶Ҫɾͼ򵥶ˡ
Ϊԭܼ򵥣ҶǾˣҲǾ죬ƾʲôǹأοϻ
ٲãҲ۾ˣڴ֮ͥ±ҶǹˣʣѾǷǳˣҪദеģ
žҶүӵҪҲҲʵ
ǽкһ֮󣬾ͷڵгίίԱǣޱ飬ƺûеһ¶ӡ
ǿ֪ܲҶͬ־оٽֳӵмȨޣȨ̷ʤһԿһǽ͵λͬ־ǾģȻоַͬ־ӵȨˡ
ʲô֮϶ʱ¶ŵɫ
Ϊְܲ쵼֮һȻо־ζʲô
ҶӵһݵĻǵɱֻҪºܹҵʵɣҲȫģûһΡ
ڿҶ˵ȲԵģһģ˵ˣԭ˼Ǿôһ㻤ġ
оֵĸֳҲûеɱ˵ȨһƹҡЩر粵Ȼ֪Լ͸ɩ߶һûʲôô
֮ԻῪǹΪΪѾӰ쵽׳İȫΪ۾ˣʮװľˣ׳ĳӣҳв׳ȫصвԣұ뿪ǹҶ˵һ䡣
оֵķ󣬾Щλ쵼Ҳ֪㶨飬ôܸ׳ȫϵһ𣿡ַҶе©ʱͷʵ
˵ĿʱּеҶϣ˵ӣСҶʲôأ
˵ûôһλ׳ڵĻôҶǹΪҲûкϷˣٲǱġ
ôѵͷȥˣͿ˺ɱˣ
ʱһͳ
ϣ
ôˣ
˳ԴһͷֳүӵΣſڣһλΪίĽ迪ܳɣҲǳүӵĹӡ
ˣɫʱͱˡ
ȷʵ֪Ϯӵʱ򣬳үӾȻڳš
ⷽҶʱǹȷʵɵģҾǵҲ˵ùȥġ
׳ĳӣв׳ȫΪǿֹĻǻġ
ͬ־˷׷վүõ˾еλϡ
Ϊ˶ļλ˼֮һүӵһڷͬ־֮ϣνĿǰʢ˼ңǰЩ˶ǺȻܹˡ
үӵ֮ͣ󣬾Ŀ⾼ؿŷ䣬ҲϴСˣ¶࿼ǿǣҪǹʹ飬֪ģˣ񹲷ߣΪ˿ѣҲҪһ㣬㰲þʲôģ
ϡҡ亹ʱˡ
ڳүӵǰְλҲãҲգ᲻ģԳүӵĺǳ⣬Ȼһͷ˲
һε飬ȷʵû˽ҲȷʵǴΪ쵼үӵͷ뷨ûожôء
ʱүôһ˵ԴʹˣȻүӷǳǳء
Ҫ˵үӵӣүӱĵλҲҪȳүӲˡ
Ȼ˳үӵͷϣҶ治ʲô顣
ʱڵúܣûа˽֪үӾڳ֮еĻ˵ʲôҲͷˡ
еﻢµĸоˣ¶Ҫôճźأ
Ҳ֪үӻδ飬ϾȻѾȥˣӰȴ޴ڵģֻҪһԣͻΪ֮ǣҪ˵ʱѾȷ¶ҵļȲˡ
֪Щˣ涼ұϴѾ޷飬Ҫֻ֣ܹǸ¶̫֣ȡ·˭ҲȲˡ
һͬ־ЩԼүӵϣ飬ôô˰ɣ
˲û˭ȥϾȥ֮ǰǸнѣʲô˵ķݶ
ʱҵ涼ˣ˳үӵ֧֣ҶֻһС¶ˣҵǼ£ʱѾüˡ
ԭȶ黹һЩǣҲҪıˡ
ͬ־ΧļλгίһͷͱʾѾˣأйطϸҶͬ־κεΣھǸˡͬ־ǻʲô
ûˡҡҡͷɬػش
һε飬ĴҲȽϴ
Ϊ쵼ӳͷͬʱóүӶ˺ܲõĿǵòʧˣ뵽ԼھҲã̳ҲãȨǼͬˡ
ĳ·ҲΨлؼһ·ߣĻų˻Ϊ֮ףóүӸһ¡
棬оҪʱˣЩ࣬һݶ籨Ǿܵġ
ŶүӦһͽӹǷݽ籨
Ƭ֮󣬶үӾͽ籨ݸ˽ͬ־ɫصرʾڽһξϰУӲͬ־ԼʮλҪԱֱϣײɽͷϣԱȫѳְ
ʲôˣʱʧɫ


850 źò
棬оҪʱˣЩ࣬һݶ籨Ǿܵġ
ŶүӦһͽӹǷݽ籨
Ƭ֮󣬶үӾͽ籨ݸ˽ͬ־ɫصرʾڽһξϰУӲͬ־ԼʮλҪԱֱϣײɽͷϣԱȫѳְ
ʲôˣʱʧɫ
ݲͬȻֻҵϵΪѾнٵȴΨһܹϣ߲ĹǸܹɹίôҾӿڡ
ڣȻ飬ֱ׹٣ҲͽҶɽϣ׹ˡ
˵ܹ֮ΪΪȻǸݲ޹ϵ
һΣҶˣ䲻žǴѳְϢһǰһ󣬶Ҷԣȷʵѩϼ˪ԭϣʰƵңһƬڰ֮С
ܿͿίԱ֮дĵǷݶ籨ѳְ֮˼ȵĺ⡣
׹ʮﵱУ˻ԱˣͨѶսıʮ˶һϵҪԱһΣ˵һˡ
ж⣬Ϊľ߲¹ʣĿж
һͨ¹ʣΪԱĲͬ䱳δؾͲŸΪԭ
ΪͻȻƺҶûپҶ֮ˣ߲Ǽ뿪ҪȥһЩ顣
Ͼص飬Ҫƺ⣬ҲҪһζʱ䡣
Ҫ⣬·飬Ǵĵġ
뿪֮󣬾̾˿һЩɣЩ飬ǲͲ𡣡
˶ǾóģȻ֪ЩжôУһ;ҺҶ֮ĶܹȫˣѾǷǳѵˡ
ʱᷢ˭޷ƵġڶҶ˵ʱԵñȽϵ
˵׹˴֣ҲĳЩ˴˻ᡣ
˶ȽæµϾճλнλٽλУҪٵλãЩλȻǷǳۺġ
ҶҲܵĳЩи˽һⷽ
ֻһ⣿Ҷ
Ҳ뵽ϮԼ鵱УҶģǹҲû˿ѹһΣ߲δҪͻ⣬ⲻܲҶЩر롣
һε飬ľһ¹ʶѣ
ֻһ⡣ܵ˵еʦڸֱʱ򣬼Ӵ˲ͬͺŵͣʼʱûʲôӦڿз˶ʮ֮ͻȻͣϣܻԱ˽ȣҲûܹı׹ٵˡ
¹ʣºĵǷǳϸģ˺ܿҵ˹ԭ򣬶˴ĻеʦҲ˾·ͥ
ҶͷȴҲû˵ʲôеʱ򣬺ͿһЩҪһЩá
ʲô뷨һ豭ʢ裬ȴûкȣֻǿҶʵǵλðɣ
ƼôнλñȽϸȤҾƺصġҶɫػش
ľ٣ҲҵǣҶ֪ô˵ˡֵҶһ޿κεӣ飬ҶϺͶүҲ˵ܴƱġ
Ȼ֪ǰͨѣʡô˳ͻҶش
ʵϣƼôӪҶһ߶ΪñȽϿǿӲɣƼôнҲԼӵڳҲԼ֧ߡ
ȻкԵɱľؽȷʵ뼸λͷصӥ
ֻһ¶еͻȻԶµλãҶˣƼôе˺ܴѹǵھӰԶҶңͻȻ֣ıⷽ棬Ļʤ㲢
Ѿͷҵ㣿忴ҶЦ
Լ϶ǲ˼ġҶ˵ͷ
飬ҵҶ
Ϊ֪ҶС㶩飬鲻ǺܺãҶҲǿżɽرʾˣϣҶܹϣƼôнһѣȡµְλ
Ҷһ£Ҷҿ϶ǲλˣϾҶҰѳֵҪλ̫࣬ھƽ⣬˭Ը⿴ġ
˳ˮ۵ظƼôһ飬ʲô¶ҲȡƼôҶҿ£ĳЩ棬γһֹͨƣܹݻڴҶкôġ
ѾͷûʲôɣܰԵһ䡣
ȫûйϵǾǺܴѣԸֵģкӡҶ̾ͺرʾ
ţͺáЦŵ˵ͷô¶ǲܲһ¡
źòҶ֮󣬾ú֣ת룬ʱеĵ
òò֮Ĺϵеϵ
Ķ˼ʲôĻ涩飬Ǿ˼ѾͷԿˣôһĻҶҰƼôõλãҲֻǽ˼ҵõλãҲİã顣
ҪĻҶҳֵͲˣҲķõĽ϶ǳֺá
Ҷ֮䣬ֻͨѹϵ̸һ֣ôҶҳƼôһ֮ƶϾٵλãôͺܶˡ
Ϊһݶ飬ƼôнǱҪġ
λãԶǱȽҪģȻֻнǸɵȴϽĹҽҲڶھͽΪϽ
ƼôȻ񣬵ټϾҲƶɲữ֪ʶƼôλǱȽģһЩλãпڶڽϽί
ʲôģǿսԵӵĴӪ
ҪλãǱʵ̣ǹֻ֮ҪڣΧߪâ
Ϊľ٣ƼôȴҲӵͬϰڽɽͬľʵ˿·磬ҲΪһǨ̵档
ȻûʲôӰ죬ôͲһ°ɡҶЩ飬һԼҪ
˵ͷݶѵ飬ûɲȥƶһүϸ˵һ˵¶˼ˡ飬˵ȥү˵ҲǿԵģôҪȸҽ
·ӿ۽㣬ҲҪѰѹϾҸŮ죬ֲǸ죬˭֪ƷΣһˣǸЦҶش
ǺǣСӵ۶ǶࡣЦȻ˵ˣƢ𱩣Ʒǿסġ


851 ϵ
ǺǣСӵ۶ǶࡣЦȻ˵ˣƢ𱩣Ʒǿסġ
Ǿͺãʡð˼ң˼һ顣Ҷͷ˵
ƼôнҶȷʵϤֻ֪˵ͷͦҵڶѣķ棬ȷʵ˽ⲻ
ҪҶϳְæȻҪҶҵٳɴ£ҶԣƼôλλӰ춼󣬵ֲȥһƷõǾͲˡ
һϵҪԼѡƷⶼҪȿǵġ
ԷƷãҲίΰһһȻˮˣʲô𾪵˭Σ
ڹڵɱԣҵִȻҲܿбȽϼҵִּһģϣǰչԽԽá
Ұļ֮⣬û˻ͻߡ
ԶƼôƷ⣬ҶǱȽϹĵģŻֱҵ壬˵飬ҲϣܹⷽһЩ
ʵҲҶô룬ʵƼôнǼҴͲһ·ġ
ȻˣҲ˵˫ǵжԵĹϵǴӹϵԶ˵ģǴͺ˽ͺ˵ˡ
ʵ½֮ͬ䣬ҲĻĺìܡ
ƼôһϵҲ׳ˣֻƫ½սҶӰ쵽ںϣȷ˵һ廯ȵȣԲͬɵķ硣
ƼôҲʮ꣬ͷͣõһί棬Ҫ쵼ְҪѡ
ھҶ˽ȻޣҲǶһ
ҶȻھеĴ󣬵ӰҲ޵ġ
ȷ˵ϵӰѷɫܶ࣬ʵϣڼռŵľҲһ졣
ڶھȨƿǺȷģǾǵָǹ
ǾһԱҲǴΪָӶѣ˹ؼʱ̣ǵָУ˭Ը
ƼôǿҲʵʵѭڵι򣬰¡
ΪټˣҶܹ˽ƼôΪˣһʲôӣǣ϶е޹ġ
Ҷ島˼䣬͸ˡ
Ǳ߶ǺܶģҶҲԸӴţϾԼ¶ܹҪ٣Ȼû֪ҲܵҪץ
֮󣬾Ϳ翪һɫܳ͵¡
ѾµˣνǽƻڱĴ̫£ȷʵζҲǴºóó΢ˬһЩ
Ҷ˻֣Ҷк
㵹ǹļģȻܵſˡҶˣɵЦ
Ȼ˵ƼôĸŮϵһֱг˹ؼ飬⸸ŮԻѲģΪƼôܹ˳λһʱҵҶæ˵顣
˵ôˣһ߶ݸҶһƿϣһ߶Щż׷ʵ
Ҷ˿ϣЦ˵Ҳ̫ļˣ¶һʱֶŸʲôأ
˵ȻٵǷǳصģҪȨ⿼ǣһԴֱӾ˼λѡ
ƼôΪǳĺѡˣȻҲǴص㿼Ķ֮һǾԲΨһĶ󣬱Ͼͬĺѡˣкܶࡣ
˲żüãȱѡģһ㣬ҶǷǳġ
Ƽôռеƣǽˮ¥̨öĸ֣Ŀһλ֣λĿҲġ
ȻˣΪ׹¹ʣʾĹ⣬Ҳųһλ൱Ĵ´ȨԸĽĹ
ΪˣƼôͱȽż
ңƽ֪𣿡Ҷ뵽⣬һ䡣
ǲ֪ҾǿΪе˼Ծܲܰһѡ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ҳġ
ϾǿǨ;ˣһû׼ĽζܸϵϣʱнϽһżҲ˳Խȥˡ
Ҫһû׼ҪٵȺüС
ʱ䲻˰ѹƼôнҲ󵭶ˡ
һԸɫЩŹֵؿҶ
ԷͳԷֲûһԹ飬ͺˣѵʲôҲ֪飿ҶЩʵ
ǰҶҲһȥһԹֻǾǺܵĳԷֶѣûмɫôŹֵġ
ڸǰһ翴Ҷ˵δ޵ˡ
ҲûɶͬҶʼǱ߶ĳеҪȥѾȥˣھǵž߶䶨Ȼͻضɽˡ
߶飿Ұֵ飿ˣʱежʵ
ҶĻ;ѶǺĵģΪƼô飬ȻŶɽеĹܣھǶ˼ա
ɱˡҶ˾Цŷ񶨵ֵ飬ȻѾˣڿɶģ˵ǺӶʡٹ·飬߶мίҪһ㶨֮Ȼٻضɽ
ŶˣδЩʧ
ҪҶ˵ΪƼôģô϶Ҫм֣Ҷʵʵ˵ȻһܣͬʱҲһָоǾҶȷʵȽ̹ϡ
ֻҲеЩìܣҶ˵ѣҲһֲ顣
һеģ϶һŮ˵ѣô˵˵ѵɣ֮ĹϵҲô򵥡
ǴҶıô̹ϣѲ֮Ķλľѹϵˣ
ϵƺҪĽеӣһʱ֮Ҳ֪ӦöҶ˵ʲôΪá
ԷҰҰΣ˼ӵҶ
ҲáҶ룬ֶûһƲأ͸ˣ²ʲô¶ֻתһ룬;ҲǿԴӦġ
ϾƼôԣҶҵܴ֧ѡôƼôҪλҪøĴۣпȥ
ҶԱȽȷرʾҶҵ̬ôƼôҪѵľСˡ
˵һʵڻֻҪҶҲƼôλӣͻ᳹һ
ΪֻҪҶҲ֣ƼôΪԼΪľٵĿԣǷǳġ
ȻˣҶҿڹؼʱһѣôƾҪЦˡ
ҶھӰɲһ
ھ͸绰ҶһڴӦɫʱЩϲ
Ҷ仯ɵЦŮӣ˼ȷʵǱȽϵ


852 Ϸȫݼ
ܿ͸Ƽô˵绰ȥ˵û͹ˡ
Էĵģ˵æúܡƲƲ˵ҲһŸĿ˵ġģǹģѹҪ顣
ɲ˵ҶЦ
˼ҷ޼飬ǶǰĹˣҶȻ޷Ҳ˵ʲô
ǰ̸˼Ҹĸ֮飬ⲻò
͵ĵطҲһҴƵ꣬ȻԶ齫Ҷеȣ˵׷ܺð
ֻ齫ѣֲûмҶ̬ȣЩ档
˵ʺϹ˵ֻ٣ڰָͷһ㣬ͷֳ˴齫ǳ裬ȻҲе綯Ϸ굱бȽܻӭΪ͵ĻǾͲʺˡҶЦ˵Ҫ쵼綯ǿʵ̫ˡ
˾˵߶򣬱򣬳裬ЩǿԵ
߶ȻǸ˶ȽʺװƣҲȽϸߣһԱҪϰŰõǸ־Ҳܶ࣬˵ҪʺϣԷҪһľ飬ĻȻζˡҶҡҡͷ⣬˴ҲȴҪ˵ĳЬӣҲǲˬġһȱ㣬ӮѣˣԷҲͦѵġ
˵裬ɤӲõŵˣ˵ɤӲãĥԼҶ˵Ψ齫ӮǶ£裬ռأٽˣʵ˹ֻ֮ߡ
ô˵ҲһЩһϲ߶ͱ򡣡Ҷ˵ȤͷʾҶϲʲô˶
Ҷ˵ϲ˶ţǿһۣӣû˵⻰ֻǻشҵİúܹ㷺ˣǶȽϸȤʼˣҲһӣԾѻǹ
İûǶء˾˵û׼ӵĻҲܻһ
翴ҶھӰͺܴҶӾôǨٶȿ϶ҲܿģϾھϵ棬ֻҪ¼δ󹦣ƸǨĿԼҪΪҲԳʮꡣ
ȻˣҲ֪ҶںҲһݣһݣѵƼôֻʱƼôһ֪ҶӦģֻҶƺǺܼ˹⣬ƽʱȴ֪ǲǶˡ
ҶЦЦûо˵ʲôʵ϶ǲϵͳģΪҶҵ뷨ȽԶ󣬶ҶߣܰķչھϵС
Ҫ֪ǽ˾ϵô֮ĳͻϾӡҪǨѶȾͻܴ
ϾڵθֵУ⣬ĻⶼǸеģһУԱзǳԵľô϶Ϊڸ
С㶩飬ôҷȻʵ
ŶҶˣһ£ȻЩԥ˵¶ȫҰŵģҾһҪԱѡ
ʵϣȷʵҲͬҶ˵ڶ鵱УһԱҪľǰҶǸľ籾ǳرֳԼĸ߹ʺŷü˶ñӡ
ǺǣԱ˵ĵǺȤˣĥһҶ˼úȤƫƫֶһ䣬˼˵Сһʱ򣬱ݳɷ־Ӷ𣿡
⻰ʳ֮;еðʧˣźܿ˵еͻˣֻǾǺܺõѣԲŶһ䣬㲻Ҫ⡣
ûʲôҶ˰֣ȴڿ⣬ʵҲʲôһϷУÿ˶ԱͬʱҲԼĵݣװƵֻеٮٮߡǶҪаһЩɫǶҪһλԱʲôʲôһϷתһϷʱҲҪһɫӰ졣Ϸȫݼ
˵ܽƻ֪ڻر⣬ƫƫ˵ĺе֮ȻҶĻЩдǷһʲô˵ˣȴʲôû˵
Ҷһȫǰ˵⣬Ĺڸˡ
ǺǣҪôҲûҶ粻ϵЦʵһƭ뱻ƭ˺뱻˺統Уʼʱȫȫȥһ£ȥһˡֱһжǴģǾȥ˺ˣȻٱ˺ʱ֪ʲôʲôǼ٣ʲôǰʲôǺޣǻԼһһߣʵԼȥԲͬĻȥԸָˣڵǶ֪Ǿ˭һʲôˣ
ô˵Ļʵǵ٣ҪðװԼԼΪһɹӰۡ˵
ǺǡҶЦЦ˲豭
⣬ɣϸһ룬еˡ
ʵϣҶһгֻҪȷԼĳΣͲɻͷ
гϣֻܿ;ķ羰˿̵ķ羰ȴΨľͷ
ԱһϷһûвҪһӵʱȥϷϷչϷչ鲻ְҵϷӣֱæġҶ˵ʵÿ˵һһ޶ϷûԤ׼õľ籾Ҳûݺǫ̃ʣǾ¶Լһ
˵ĺеֱڣҲ㲻ҪݵĽɫʲô̸ʲô籾ˡ¶һ˿㯡
Ҳڴ˶ԣⳡϷûо籾ġҶͷЩӵܣҪһǵܿڳǰͱ滮ˣҪ飬ֻڶľ籾УһʺԼĳȻݺ
Ҳԡ˾͵ͷ˵籾Ǻþ籾ǺõݣܲݺϷؼĻҪԱıˡ
Ҷִ˸ָЦŵͷ˵ûؼҪԱݼУѹסӣǻᱻ˴̨ϸġҪɹͱΪӰ۲С
ǰʱҶԼδҲǸеЩ¶ģֻǾԼȻδʮľ飬ôܹһı£ʲô飬ΪΪ
ϸһ룬ҪʵĿĻΨԼΪ̨Ŀһλпܰõ
ӵܴĲ٣ǳɹȣԭ򣬲Ǽֲ֧ǷչƲ㣬ʵޣݼа
йŮഺ٣ȴֱ̽ȽĻ⣬˵Ҳе֡
˶ʮңͽӵ˸Ƽôнĵ绰˵Ѿ˾Ƶͣˡ
ǹȥһ¡ҶЦһλôǱԱҪʾ㹻̬еġ
ȥģ֪ûûʵǺֱܹˡ緭˸۶


853 
Ҷȥʱ򣬾ͿƼôĳӸպͣ£³
ھҲԼİ´Ƽôĳӣפ³ĳӣɫİµϣҲǾפա
ֵͷСżӰҶЦŶ˵
Ƽôһ³УţһУ˵нһ࣬ͺҪȥһ
ôôˣҪô̸飿翴ˣͺܲ˵˵
ҲǵģҪ̸۵ĿǹƼôǷܹĴ£ôһȺˣôֻܴ£
ô˵˻ӭȥ
ԣƼôʼףҶԣ£һпίĴҲǷǳ顣
˵̬ȶܲȥ͸Ƽô
Ҷгã;õˡƼôɫǿŮҶʱ򣬻ǿЦЦʾѺá
ͣöûи˾һԹһˡҶЦ˵˾㲻ǸŮž۰ɣ
ĻСҶѣҲĸ֣׵ĿɲҳԴסƼô˸Ц
شҶ˿ɲŮ˵ô򵥣һֱܹˡ
ʵϣԣûеļƣôܹ쵽ڵλ
ߣǹ
ҪսָȫĴ󽫶ԣûгǸĻǾ൱ǰ֧鶼ˣڿɲǹŴ֫ͿͳڴĶǸ߿ƼȵıԶ̴
ǲ֮ǰĺս˴Ӻ϶˷ķԷ涼ûмĵؿͱĲˡ
ԺսģʽҲԽԽںһ廯ԺվķչΪһǷܹӵдǿǱҪ־ȻˣԶ̴ҲǷǳҪģ˵ǾսԵӣյľ
ֻҪսԵӴڣԷͲʹùֵֶ㡣
ΪΪк˹ңκһöԶ̵пغ壬ҪⶫӵԼĹ棬ǴĿ޷ѣ˭Ҳҳеĺ
ΪˣһͷѵĲ嶯Ľ죬Ե÷ǳҪ
ʵҲˣܹΪи߲ģԲǳ嶯С
Щ˿ȥƺе嶯ҲΪҪڳ̬ѣ˹ؼʱ̣Ǳ˭侲
˶ˣǾͽȥ߳Ա¡Ҷ
áƼô˵ͷ롣
˾;Ƽô߶һʮˣ֮󣬴ҷмһ̴ľ˾УǱ߶ƼôУҶ򵥶һ
λĳõóɽУĲʿӶǲʿƼôȰλУҶǽһ£ȻֽҶܸλУλǺӶʡɽегҶͬ־ҹŮ硣
ŶҶгΪɽҶʱ򣬾еȣƼôĽ֮󣬸𾪡
ΪϵԭɽںӶʡİҲ֪ɽһؼУʵսӦɲһͿҶȻǶɽегɽеȻǺܴġ
ƼôܹʽؽҶݣ˵˼ҶȷʵӵⷽƵģĻҲֵһλнӡ
ολҶгòƸĹϵҲǳϤͲܲ˲һЩΪˡ
ᵹģΪͺ˵ˡҶЦЦȲóǲʿó˫ȫ
ˣ˵ʲô˫ȫطֻ˵ǿƼɡɽǺǫѷرʾ
ֱԵɱĿԣѾͬˣҪ飬޷ǾαװܶԷ飬ڱҪʱԷһԻķΧһʺε򣬱˵˵ϣϲȥʲô˿ڳܵĵפ
ȻˣǵضԿշֵпܳڴΧġ
һ˾ˡ
ҶƼôɽƺʲôĿģ˵
Ҫʾһ£Լھ¿ƼķչǷǳӵİɣɽļ;٣ҲھڲõӣϱȽҪĹλ
˾ΣҶȻʵ
ðɣеϻʱ䳤۵ܡƼôҶĻһͻش
ҶȻȻΪƼôеЩ档
ŮҶĹϵ֪ģ֮ϵжãƼôͲˣֻǿܹ׽ҶԼԷƼô֪˵Ĺϵͬһ㣬Ȼ˵ҲеŮ׵ؾ͸˱ˣϸֲ
ȻŮ겻һǶŮĽԸģͰԼ彻һ˵ģҪ˵Ҷδ޵ˡ
۲ǲҪҶЦ˾ҪעģСΣ󲡳Կ֢࣬ҩ
ǵҲǣֻҽһ˻βⲡⲡˣֲһԸ棬ҲΪѵúܡƼôʱôãҲܹóҶе˼ˡ
ȻŮҶԷ޷ǾҪʾһ£Ѿ˵ҶΪƼô˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ƼôҶҶҵӰǺֻҶѾǵؼег˵ҶеĵλӦǺܸߣͲȡڵĳɾͣôҶĻҶҶԣкصķġ
ƼôڻشҶʱҲһ˫أԼȻҪҶҽӴڵ⣬ȴֲ֪ô᲻ǱȽͻˣ
˾ĹúܺãҶүү˵ҶһۣͶƼô˵һ飬Ⱥףʼղ飬˾Ӧص
ΪǣұӦ񡣡ƼôҶĻжʱһ֪Ůһ˵ҶĻԲ˵Ļ
Ȼ˵ҶĻǰϵܴ󣬵Ƽô˼һǶүӶƼôȽ⣬ҶҶƼôǱȽϻģһѡ
ϢƼôеΪܡ
Ҷʲôˣǲ˵ģҶҵĵ̳ˣԺҶҼ˵϶Сһû߶ûض
ȻҶѾʾҶҶƼô֧֣ôƼôʶԼһ˺ˣܹõүҵ֧֣Լʤͻһࡣ
ԭеһ¶óٵλãҲһδõĻᣬɿԽԭƻǰʵ֡
һ룬ʱֲεĸ߼ԣǶôҪ


854 ɲô򽻵
ʱ䣬ǿĸ߼죬ǰһ
ȻֻһȴǴ䵽ʱľ޴仯˲Ϊ֮Ķ
뵱ʿǺʿ뵱׳ĽҲǺýƼôԣίԸ
ۿͰǰܹΪ֮ϲ
֪ҶϯǷʱ䣬һεڣҲжζûаݻ˼ˡƼôͶҶ˵
ҶүүҲȽæʱڣǲΪáҶĻش׼ȷûиƼôκοĵط
Ƽô˵ͷʾȫ⡣
˴¶ˤˣί߶ȻҲǱȽæµƺܷԽүȻǲԸЩطĴԱ׽ˣϾԿηǲΪá
˿ԲȴҪúһµģĻһεĻᣬɾҪȻˡ
Ҷгھǻܴ죿Ƽôʵ
ӦûɣеϵҪһ¡ҶͻشһۣƺЩֹ˼
ɽҸǺ⼸춼ˡƼô̾ˣҪ˽˵ˣǾһԵɽ˵
õģ׳ɽЦվһƿƣȥǱ߶ƴȥˡ
Ǳ߶ƴƼôң˷ĵӣһЩ
ҶЦſƼôЩ飬еҲеͬ־Ͼͬ־Ȼھˣͷһ˻Ӧɺء
ϰ֣˼һοǰôæءƼôˣЩ
ǺǣŮ㲻˭ҡƼôˣʱиȷһҶҪʾҶҶֵ֧ģвɵĸ⿪Ц˵
лл˼ҶأҪӦæҵʲôá˵
ǡƼô˵ҶгæҲһϡ
ϣҶȻҲƼô̬飬˭˵˭˵ʵӰ첻ҶҼȻӦƼôȻͻῼǵ֮ĸӰ죬˵֮Ƽô᲻ҶҵɲõӰȵȡ
ӵۣǹֱ
һ㣬Ȼһô׼ȷԳĸ֣ƼôúܺõģƷãпôߵλ
ҶƼôĻģ˵ҸҶүү̸飬ҵһһһٹȥĥϣͬʱҲпɸ湤ͣͣȻ˾꣬һãôڼ˾ѡҲ˳¡
Ҷϯô˵Ƽôǳĵѯʵ
ҶʲôǲҪҪǶүӶĿΣǹؼ
ĿΣʵҪҶЦŻش
ŶҪô˵ƼôˣʱеЩȡ
үӿ־ίճĸ׳ھеĻȨߵģҶô˵ĿҪأ
ҶҶȱְλûκε뷨ҶƼô͸¶һܡ
Ƽô֮̾ͻȻԭ˰
Ҷⷽ󣬱ȷ˵ˣǵϵҲãϵҲã˸պùôǿ϶ҪһģϾϵڱҵ˵ͷϣǾ˷ˣҵԼͷϣǲǺ¶
Ҷ˵ĺҶҲûⷽô˵֮ǲֱӵľϵˣôƼôǲõҶֱǹԼλá
Ҳһ⣬ҶԼûⷽȴųǻὫˣȡЭ棬ҲǼпܵġ
Ŀǰ˵ҶҲûΪıȡλõ뷨Ҷ˵һ䡣
Ƽôˣд󶨡
ȷʵҶԲĻҶҼǱʤĻҲӡ
Ҷ˾ǷǳģǿƼ˾ҶүүʾԸϸһ֧֡Ҷ˵һĹӦץΪճһλãõµĹܹܵҪ٣ǲõģҲ˵
ҶϯָʾǳҪƼô֮ͱʾһν˽˵һЩ⣬ȷʵҲһЩҪľ񣬵˵һǼٹ˽ˡ飬ҶϯӦҲġ
ǺǣҲͲ˵ʲôˡҶЦſһۣȻƼô˵˾ûкúóԷأͿʼ£
ԳԳԣ˳ԣӦûиҪɣ˵
û˰ɣҶһ£˵ⶼʾҶҵ֧̬ˣҸҲˣʲôҪ˵أ
˵ί׳нͬ־ҲϤǲܹæһĹҶĸ첲ҡµ
Ҷʱ
ί׳нͷɲʡ͵ĵƣȻ˵Ҷǰȷʵеϸ˳һѣ˳˾ί߲㣬˼оȨҪ֮һϲ飬ͺ˵ˡ
ϾͶ˽ͬ־¡
Ҿڶԣ˼ǹͣҲиߵˣֻҪѹöѣûʲô󵽱ͷϵ飬Ҷεºܣܹ˵нְƼô£
㲻ϰæ翴Ҷ飬̾ͷŵЩ
ǲϰæǼһﻬĺܣҸ򽻵ʹûմ⡣ҶЩΪѵرʾ
⻰˵Ҳʵڣнϼһ￴޺ЦеľͰ˸ˣҶʱǽƣҲɹˣﷴֽһͽίˣλֻڶү֮¡
ȥôҶմ⡣
Ϊ飬Ҷ;ʵ̫ƻˣ˴򽻵㱻ˣǮء
ȥнæҶ;¶׶
ȥ϶æġ˵
ΪʲôֲҼݣҶҡͷ
Ӿ鵱ٶ˵ҪҪأ˵
ŶȻ飿Ҷʱһ㶡
ԣôһϵĻôҶȥн˵¶ĻмֳɹĿˡ
ϾнȻǳ˾ί׳֮һĺҲʮѣߺпܻʮʱ䣬ô̵ʱ䣬ǲչһ·Ϸչġ
ҶƽͲͬˣҶƽٻʮĶܹҶƽµĻֻҪƷȥ࣬ǨĿԾʹˡ
ôˣܿһ㡣
ҪӵĻҵǿһԵģӵľùȵôСⷽ涯ԽУֱȥﻹΪв˼أҷŹ֡ҶͶ˵
áҶɿڣʱЦ


855 
ҶѴ򽻵нͬ־ʱԼķڿļ
ľеţǷ˶ɽдгҶͬ־·Ϯ¼ָ߲йעͷͷϣȻǳҶڶ·ϣǹ˵¼
Ҫ˵飬ǹҴµĻôһ飬֮ˡ
ˣھϰУֱͻȻ˹ϣ׹¹ʣԣһ˲õĴ¡
Ҫ·˺ܶ࣬ҲеЩ治̤ʵ
˵ʵڵĻﲻرҰĵˣΪ˱Ƚ̤ʵǰɶʱҲһֱϻţԾӣ࣬˵٣Աֻ֪ɶţɽ˾ȴ֪нί
ھܹó͵ĺôˣţɽ֮ȥˣнΪ̤̤ʵʵǽ˸߲УڵõǨĻᣬΪί׳֮һνһ졣
ݶϣʵѾûǰĿˣǵȹ꣬үȥּ֮ίճǹʵһֵͷ
ˣнʵһֱǺܵ͵ģɲϣʲôӣӰ쵽Լ⣬һ鷳
ԭһֱǱлͣ˹̸顣
Ϊ׹¹֮ʵǣŷǳӵڲ
ǰǰһϵ飬ûйϵģʵȴǿӣҲһζľٵλᣬȻ״̬ԽԽҪȻԲܹױ̬Ļ׾ⷽķ֮С
ȻһԭǾ׼ͬ־뷨ʲô˾ͲܹرԼĻһԼеѡͬ־еѡ֮гͻôͲðˡ
֮ܶһ飬ӦõΪż¹ʣڿǹʵֻǴϴǰѡ
Ϊֿʱ򣬾۹ҵ飬¾ȥɱҶװֱ޷̵ġ
ԣ˾ˣΪҲᱻµʱԼȴ¹ʣֱ׹ײɽˣҲе̫ˡ
˸еЩεģȻ϶ΪѳְǶϵϴȴһûзɡ
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֮ﰡ﷭˷ļǣɳ棬һЩ顣
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ҶӵҲȵģ΢ЦƣоԲߣۣܽ˵ʮӡ
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ҲŻ˵ǳһƬġҶͦͦţϵرʾ
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һҪǴӾҲͰˣԼܹúչչˣҲ˿ֺԼƫƫԾòȤȥˣӦΪôҪЯһȴô׵顣
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⼸λӸҲеĵ۵ˣû¶¶һһؼ⼸죬ǲò׮
ЩӸƽʱиʲô¶ѵһΣȴ漰гĹĴӣʲôǾҪһ츲ˡ
ллллҪʱһҰæˣˣӵľҲֻܱʾлˣ֮⣬ʲôأ
˷׷۴µʱ򣬾Ӽ۶žͿ塢߶ͣˣžʮˣźɫװīȥеͷ
Щ˵ͷһߵ⼸ĸǰԼ֤һ£йֵģڿʼǽˣǰһƽ
æµһСʱۿžҪӸˣȴû뵽ôһˣ¶һֱӾҪǵͶɹɵһӵԹ
ֻͨ°вֵıҪ𣿡ӵľüʵ
ЩǾûбҪ֪˵
ˣҲߣ˼Ҵ¹عҰȫţҲûʲôƢϾĳЩȷʵԼȨġ
ƽҲԣҪõо쵼ָʾӵľΧЩӸǣװŵ˸Ҫ
ˣʱЩãǰ¶ʱ򲻶࣬ǳֶǱȽϰԵģûôʱҪǳ⼸䣬뵽Ŷʱ쵼Ҫ͵һЩֻþ˵ðɣҴ绰
绰ڶЩӸǾۿˡ
Ϲϵͳҵ棬ٻеɻģ㲻ʡίϵݣԹȷʵЩɵԸǡ
ˣ¶Ҫͷԩˡ˾˵
С߯صˣ𣬰˼ˣҪ¥ʲô
Խ˵ԽŭЩˡ
Ǳ߶˼״Ҳһǵû뵽ֳ﹫ӸǾȻڴ¶ѾһƲ⣬˸еЦãǲɵҲЩ˼ɡ
˭֪棬ûĶͷأ
Щ˽ô϶кܻӰġ
ǲҪ˵͸ۿƵġһԱֹǣ˰¹عһܣûеóٷ֮ǰԲ²⣬ɢȶۣ㣬㣬㣬ݵǼ
ôһָһָģΧ̾ͱܿһȦ
ϾǣҶûʲôǶ˹ͲͬˣΪǸȷʵеأ˭ҲԸȥǣ֪Լӵʲôѱǵأ
Ϊ¶˴鷳ǿɾͲֵˡ
ҪҪǼҵݰҶٲŲЩˣݿǸߵĺܣҲûбץ
ҶپˣŵùʶȻҲԸǡ
ھ漸λԺյĹǣȻϵĺ׼ġ
ǼϣҶ˵ʡõʱҲˣ
˿ҶˣʱҲеЩͷʹ
˵йˣֵܾˣҲδؾеȥҶٵùͷ
治̲סָ˵һ䣬ǾϸڣȻǲ͸¶ġ
㵹˵һ˵龿ôӰ˾׷ʵ
˵¹عҰȫܣλͱˡ˿˵
Ҷһ߶ˣ;ý¶ҲеΡ
˵¶ĸйϵĻҲܰô۶ģù˲֣治þ֣עĲһЩ
ҵʱҲֻһˣҪҸĻҲǺѵ飬ˣֶΣܹ»Сظͳˣ޷ǾǶһЩ⳥ˡ
ȥȷʵûбҪʦڣǵ˽֪
Ҷɢ˰ɣ¶顣Ҷ뵽Ͱ˰ֵ
˶֪ݵģ֮󣬾Ͳˣ⵹ù˺;ǶеЩ棬λǣ
ҵܵҶҶŻش
ԭҶ٣ʧˣλˣʱȻ𾴵˵û뵽ڶ
Ҷ˵ͷ飬ҪҸк˰ɣ
⻰ʵģе˼ˡ
ˣȻ֪ʲô˼޷ǾŲǶѣǾͻشȷʵ飬ҲְҶȤֱӸͨӦòµġ
ãЩǰһ¡ҶˣԽý鲻ôδؾʲôٱСϷ·Ǿһ顣
ǾͶлҶˣһл˸л


860 ͨ
ɢˣ³飬ҲûֵȤ
˳֮ҶԹ϶ôأʲô޷Ǹ˰ˣľų棬ֲУ
Ҷ϶ЩˬģϾϵ飬ܸܿѲϵĻҲܼҴҵܵҪֵġ
ҶٺȻбȻǲðɳӡ
ҶȻֵҶȻǸеЩ˵ġ
ҶõʲôȻǲõġ
¶δؾ㿴ô򵥣ҲҶҡҡͷǰǲͬģҲòǣ㲻ҪΪһӣԭ򡣡
ʲôԭأҶԴ˲ǺţҿǰҲûʲôǸJJӣ˾Щ
ʲͬѣ˼ҪЦӭ𣿡ҶˣʱЦĴ󲿳ͨǸˣǰһйӴҲһЩϵͳڲѾ࣬һЩȶĳԱսǺǿģܳôͶ˵Ĵ󡣡
Ҳδذɣ飬ǻеһεġҶԴ˵ǲôֹۡ
ʵϣҶٶڹٷİЧʺ·кܴĲͬС
֮ܶ飬ͱˣʡҶҶ˵
ŶҶˣȻЩԸ⣬뵽ҶһǺԶģҲֻǴӦ
ûлصҶĵ绰
ãҶҶ˵绰˵
Ҷãǽͨ绰洫һȵ
ͨĴ󲿳ͨ
ҶȻе⣬Ȼʱӵ˽ͨĵ绰Ҳûб¶ʲôȣãʱô绰
Ϊղŵ飬ҵ˵ˡͨ˵Ϊ˱ᣬһԸ绰Ϊá
̫ˣֻǵ˼ðǵӰ¶ѣʲô뷨Ҫǰ참ҶԴȻҪֳ㹻ȷ̬
Ҫ֪˼ҿǹĴ󲿳λȨأʵʵȨҲ൱˵ģɲԸΪϷ飬ýͨΪҶҪ˼ҵˣĻɷǳõӰ졣
ϾҶϣһоֳָݣǱȽעĿģֹ飬ͨҲֹֻ߲㷴ӳ⡣
ˣ˫й˼ɣԸ̫ˡ
ҶѾֲˣҶܹүӻ߷үĴ棬гίίԱǾһԷίݵĽͨ绰治ʲô¶
ҶҪʱ䣬һ£˳˵顣ͨڵ绰о˵
õģȥǣҶӦ
һûģǵפص㣬ܲͷֲ֮⣬һЩӪضģΪ˲ע⵽ʱ԰ŵĻ棬һҲʱѡģᱩ¶ԼһЩ
͵ĵۺֲɡȽϷ㣬ҲȽϷġͨܿö˻ص㡣
ã͸ϹȥһӺܵҶش
˵绰֮ҶͶ˾ʾ˵ͷȥۺ
ôȥۺˣҶˣеʵҲãղŻûкͳǵ飬ȥ˵ۺöźȡ
ˣϽҪմҵĹҶȻһĴȵ
ۺʲô˲ͨô᲻֪
ȥҶĲҵ̸¶Ҷܲ󲿳Ǯɣû뵽λ󲿳˼Ƚϻ磬ѶʡŻء
԰ѵۺˡҶЦ˵棬ؽֵ̯ش˸ö
ҶȻۺʵϾǱ֪ۺĲҵҲûʲôϵϾӷۺڸûһëǮĹϵֻоӪһҾֲѡ
ӺܿͿ˵ۺֲһǶٵĳӵˣ̾öԽ֪ͨˣܳüλӭ
١ٽǸϵɣ߶аһ˲أֵúܡȻԸϳˣЦŽҶҶֵܵ˸ӭ˽ȥ
ʲôʵĻҶȻûʲôÿģΪĴڣ֮ͺ͵֮䣬ǱȽһֹϵ
»ϺʹǱ߶ģμӵ˱ȽϸӣĶУ̽һΪǰѱƽʱΡ͵
ȿɣͨҪҶ˵
áӦһȻ˵٣ͨӦѾˣڳ档
Ŷλ󲿳¶е·СﰡҶˣʱһ¡
ͨûʲôԭĻ϶μ־ۻģϾǱȽеģֻ˵ȷʵһЩ鷢ͨҪҶ˵ػ棬ӦҲǱġ
ôչҶҲʲôǾ͸Ҷһ䣬ȥ֮ȾŽͨ
٣طðʾ֮󣬾Щп˵
һۣȻ˼룬Щ⡣
ʾˣʱЦȻǾе˼
û¶Լ˵ĵ̶Ҷ΢ЦŰ˰ֵǼֵܣ˾ҪеģѣҵϾͿԣǵﶼеǼǵģܷġ
ԼǣҶǱȽչ˵ģԳԺȺȵϣһǷǳݣǵۺֲĶѳҲȫţҲΪ˱Ǳ˵ĽǮŮʴ
Լĵ̶棬Ҫⷽ⣬ҶҲԺ˽ԼǵĶ̬
ĺáҶˣЩп˵
ҶЦЦϴҸ㲻һǴɱüˣҵЩֵǣɶðΣոһģȻǹҲôҰװ׳Կۡ˵ˣǼֲȱõģαôƽϣ
Ҷ˵ͷҶ˵û
Ҷٵ£Ҳǰæܶѣô߶˵ȴϣȻҲûôߵĴˡ
ڷ˵˻ƣͨ˵ǽͨ󲿳Ѿˡ
Ӧӭһ¡Ҷվ˵
ҶҲվҶ߳˷䣬ȵľͷš
ݴ򿪣ͨγ֣߶塢λźµˣһԵþóǸ񶷷ĺֶ
ڽͨҶҶͷһȽ
壬Ȼ͸ڽͨıֻɫȻһЩ԰ףȻ˲СľţʱȻ͸¶һЩɢҵ޷۽ļ
⵹еˣ
ҶҶһۣ;ýͨı֣ȷʵЩʧйŹ֣


861 
áҶӭȥŽͨЦ
ǵһμͨˣǰ˾йһ̶ȵĺ˼ҲİֻǶڽͨĿģҶЩġ
ҶֳáôʵеˡͨҲҶ֣ʾԼǸ⡣
ˣֻҴҶҶͨһҶ
ŶҶܳĹӣȻһ˲ţǰڻϼһ棬ûʲôᡣͨҶһۣЦ˵
ʵϣǶԣҪ˽κһһɵǺ׵飬ģ˵ЩĳԱǣǵĸϢͬܵϸܵģвΪ֪
ǶԷһȽϸߵԸ̣Żֵ˾֪
ҶˣߵһȦ죬عʵ̫ˣ˶֪
ҲΪˣ˶֪;Ҷ鷳ҲٵģϵرطȥҲûʲô顣
ҶģһȽ̣Ҳߵ֪Ҳ٣ϵǷȴǳ࣬޷ǾǸ˾֮ģǻⲻìܵĶ֣Ҫɵһ˰ˡ
ˣǾˡҶ˵
˴к֮󣬾ڷ
˫ľ˳ȥȥϢȾƣֻҶҶͨĸ档
гĹӣ塣ͨҶ˽ܣͬʱֲһ䣬СиݣǹΧԱ
ŶҶüë⵹е⡣
һ˵ĹԶԣҪȾ;ΣգΪϵһЩԣҪӴȽΣյĳϣԶȻ˹Χ֯ҶǸеЩԾġ
ϾҲǸ쵼ˣԼЩΣյ飬ƺЩ⣬ǳʲô飬ƽͨ߶Ҳ˵
ô顭Ҷһۣʵ
Ȼǹˣô飬ͲѰˡ
ǸŮӣܹڹĳ鱨֯عҲô򵥡ͨ˵ǵҪȥץһû뵽ԷƻҲˣҲˣǵһ鷳
١Ҷ˿ֿͨ˿壬;λȷʵùǸգô鶼ˡ
Ȼˣ͵ˣʲô𣿡Ҷ˾ʵ
ԹҪ飬ʹͣҲǺܷ飬ֵýͨôµҪԼҶ
ûô򵥡ͨҡͷԷһһε¼ɢҥԣǽ˵ģҪȷʵ鷳
Ҷ˵ͷʾ⡣
ڶԷԣҪɢʵ¶
ڽͨԣҪѹҲ¶
ؼ⣬漰λؼ֤ˣҶҶ˵ʵͨûа취ѹסǡ
ԣҲֻԹһ£ֻ˵ͨǣпֳĬˡ
˼ˣڽ飬ʲô֪Ҷ˵Ǻ˺ܶƣûгȥҲʲô顣ԣĻֻ˵Ǹˡ
лҶֳ⡣ͨͷ
Ϊ˹Ҷ˰ֵ
ʵҶ鵹ûʲô˼ɣݣûʲôܹʵͷʹҶĻشҲû˸ɣǹλǿˡ
ȻˣҪ˵巸µ飬ҲǷǳǿ֤ǱˣҲͬĵ
û˸ڵҶҺ۵Ӱ
ͨҶ޷ǾΪ飬Ͼ£屳ڹ
һ飬ϣҶֳæͨ˵
󣿹ֲҪԵŰݷˡ
Ҷ˵ͷˣǰҲܰϵæ˵޷ҪغӶȥˣϣҪγɡ
Ӧòᡣͨ˿Ҷ¶ЦݣҲһϵ飬ԭҪСȥģȻ˾ţһʱ֮زˣֻðҶֳæˡ
ŶҶһۣû뵽˿ڰ׵ģƺûʲôƣͨ˼Ȼڹ滹ͦӵģ⵹Щ֡
ô¶ҶֳԣʵҲǺѡͨ͸ҶĶԱ߶˵˼仰
鰡Ҷˣ¶һЩΪѵɫ˵ʲô£ֻδ֪ˣֵǳһǷ
ҲûôɣͻᱻС֪ͨ˾Цı֪ˣҲԹǰɣҪʵûкʵѡҲͶҶֳĴݡ
ˣȻˣҲֻдӦˣϣỵĴ¡Ҷԥһ£˵ͷӦҪ
ãϾ㿴һ¡ͨҶӦЦŸݹһݵ
ҶĶ˿۾ĥһ£ȻͰѶ˽ͨ˵ͷʾѾˡ
ͨӿڴͳһССֻСĶҶ˵ֶճԼǿһĵطͿԡ
ϣҶǶǰϸоһ£Ȼʵ
Чãܼ趼˵ġͨͷ˵
ҶͷⶫӦ׷ʲôģֻһ㱡Ĥⶫܵκ֮ϡ
ⶫճҵϣҶȻ뵽⡣
ճЧҲǻ͵ģ㹻ڶԷϣ㲻õġͨ͵
ҶⶫȽϸȤ˼䣬Űˡ
ûʲôĻҾ뿪ˣ̫ãǻɵġͨҶѾûʲôˣͶ˵
áҶͷ
˽ͨ͵ſڣ
ȵ֮ҶҶϽʲôΣյˣǹ飬ǻǲҪΪãһմˣͺˡ
ҲǺܸӵ飬ȷʵֻǾ֮͡ҶشǺ鷳飬ҲӦģϾһҵճ̰ţġ
ɽǱ߶ĹڻأΪίְȨĴгҶͷѹȻǺܴģҲھǴ̫ˡ
֪ͺáҶ˵ͷȻЩȤʵǰʲô¶أܸܲ˵˵
ǹһŶȷҪ֪Ҷ΢ЦſҶʵ
˵˵㿴Ű¡Ҷôһ˵ʱҲе󲻶
ʵҲ򵥣ȥ֧裬ȻһĳŮƨɶѡҶЦŶҶ˵
ҶˣʱȻ˵ֺ¶


862 ע⵽
ǹһŶȷҪ֪Ҷ΢ЦſҶʵ
˵˵㿴Ű¡Ҷôһ˵ʱҲе󲻶
ʵҲ򵥣ȥ֧裬ȻһĳŮƨɶѡҶЦŶҶ˵
ҶˣʱȻ˵ֺ¶
ҶڴʱѾڰСʱ֮
˵ʱ䣬Լʰһ£ϴ˸裬ȥȥһȽĳº㣬ƤЬֽͷŪŪ߽ͣǸϺʹᡣ
ſоֲڸȫߣͿ˶ԷľԱ
һǲͨľģҶͬǵۺֲϰ壬Ȼ
ȥһֱͨӾͽĸϴּ䣬һС档
ӵˮĻҶСĵƿţ⿴һֶۣԷϴ֮˳ȥСĵ߳Ҳϴֳ֮ǰϴϴ֣Ȼںǰ洵˴˰ʪ״̬߳ϴּ䡣
Ҷ˫ض˶һվϺԱǰȻ
ԷҶһۣûʲôرı顣
оƱȽЧҶԵͷжĹȽ⡣
ʵϣΪһֳۺֲܹһ㣬ѾǾһĶˣôΪ˰ȫԼܵķ㣬ԭеһЩ򵥼ʩҲǷǳҪġ
ڵͣҵװ޽׶Σм˺ܶõƣԱԼܹصÿһͬʱܹԼͻȻںܶҪĳ֮С
Ϊʵƣֻ˲Ǯġ
Ҷ뷨˳ֵĿ϶Ҳûں໨ǧȥͨ
Ҷͨı֮оͶ󵱳뷨ӿ϶ˣȻǸ鱨ֶȷʵ˷ġ
ʱҶ˫ѾˣӾԼߵķУȡһƣϣȻ߽˴档
˺ܶ࣬ȥӦٶˣʽĶУмһյǸȥС̨ݣгˣҲģȻˣǸȽϸߵ֣˵֮
ϾǱȽʽ⽻ۻᣬһҹǽȻͬġ
ҶһɨȥͷϺˣҲձˣˣӢˣ˺Ͷ˹˵ȵȣһЩҵˣҶϲֻǿ˽𷢵Ů֣ȥ֪ǵ¹Ļģ˵ĸоһ־ޡ
ǰʱҶȻŮҲֻǹڵЩڽ˿èʲôģȷʵûͶĹעԴʱˣҪ࿴ۡ
ҶĸͷߣҲǰ׾ʣüĿʲôģߵо˺ܶ˵ĲĿЩŻŮǣҶҲһЩ۾ĸо
ӢʵĹ۵㶼˶٣ϾҶеĹҡ
Ҷ˿ǰʮ״иʺϺȾƵĮ̇еľƱ˹ȥ
&*%*%иŮ˹ȤظҶ˵˼䡣
ҶǺ̽һģϧȫĻֻ΢ЦҡҡͷӢ˵һ䣬
ŮӢȻҲأȻܹö򵥵ĶԻҪ뽻Ļδˣֻźҡҡͷȴ§Ҷһ£һܱ
ܳ椶ôĿŰҶŮŵʱ򣬾͸оŨŨˮζӦζŰɡ
̾뵽һ飬˵椶ǵζŨˮǱ罻ߣĻϵζڲסͻĿеӡۿˡ
˵ˮ֮ԻôΪķҸͲôϴ裬ζˣõˮһ磬Ծö֮оôһ֮
ڣˮ£ԴΪǵǲɵģֻ˵ǰ˲ϴ裬ˣһһģĪǰ
ҶòײƿλĽŮ;ϱ椶˺ü£Ҳ֪ǲѾմŨŨĿںۼ
λŮڽӴĶʱ֮ڣȻƨѣδ뿪ҶҶǸеЩԿ
ڻԹȻ椶ˡ
ߵ˰̨߶ոڸ߽棬ûüһںƣ˴˹
йˣʱһλȥǳµĸŮ˹ͷӦҲһ߶ˣŸ߸Ь⣬Ƭһȹе覡
ڱǻῪĴ¶ƣλŮļ¶˳ǼİۣǺǵĸо
ǵģŮǣҶȤؿ˿ȻϳĹңϺˣ
Ϻʹݵ歡ŮҶ˵ľۻᣬǺû뵽ῡɣ
ǺǣЩˣܹĴġҶ˿λŮͿȻЦݣԵЦ֮£۾ȴǳ˾ͻɣ˵Ų֪ҵݣһ游顣
ʣ游һλʵͨȴһ̨ǻ
ȻλϺŮǰпפ̨ġ
Ҫ֪Ϻ½߶Ҳֻûжõ飬⽻Ա࣬Ҳ̨Ǳ߶ŲһЩԱʲôϡ¶
ҵ游ҶǬǹ͹Ǽλ֮һҶԼĳݣӦɳ˰ɣ
ҶǬֻ֮΢ԥһ£̾۾һԭҶӣǾˣܳǵļңʹҲһĵеǳģ
ݻʹҶ˵ͷ
ʵϣͻȻһɵԾٰϺ˶ԣһսǸ㲻ǴðģҪҲǺбҪġ
Ҷһ㣬ҲΪѣǾλŮԼֱۣһ˹ȥǱ߶һλȥʮİˣڸλ٩٩̸óٻĹϵԵġ
⽻˲ţҶˣͰЦ
ʵϣЩ⽻ԱԣֻҪڹԣټһӢҲͲˣϾߵֻҪӢܹõЧİڴ粽С
Ҷ߹֮󣬾Ͷλ˵˾˼ܴ֮ĻᵽҶǬ֣ȻλϺʹҶݡ
ԭҶгǾˣ´ԶϺʹָ̣ˣʱЩȵؿҶú˵


863 
޴ʹáҶҲʺ
ȻϺĴʹҶҲһ⣬ԭΪ֮ӦǱȽϼ򵥵ĹֻҪҵλĿŮһһƨɣöճϣ´󼪡
û뵽һͱ歸ˣϺʹ
ϺʹԶҶĵǺܸȤҲʾ˻ӭ
Ҷܹϯֹݵ磬ʵ˱ֹ֮ҡԶ˵
ʹˡҶҲӦ䡣
ʹһˣϸؽӦýȫȨʹһ⽻ʹڣһԪһԪǲбȹʹߵȨפڹԪ׽Ӽפڹ߼Ա̸С
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Ҷλ正Գʹݵޣȴû˵ԼһģҶ͹пֻǴ͵Ķѣҵû׼Ǹȫ
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ţΪ׷ѵЧճϣǺѶȵ顣
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Ҷ飬ֲɵ˶ḧ歵ֺ֫ȻһԼſ£
歾һ䣬ЩԾ֪ҶĶôͻȻôı仯ʱ۾עҲеҶϡ
ǸеͷˡҶʶԼеɵþǸ
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ҶԼҲһ£û뵽Լ־ȻʹôԾؾͻ歵ȹ档
ǼССķҲʲô¶歱ԹһɫѣΪҶóλϺŮ޶УôһĺøС
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˵ˣ¶¿ˣû׼ֻᱻĳЩϲ֮ͽϺͻ֮⽻¼ˡ
Ȼ˵ϺĽˣǱ˴֮Ȼһֻĥϵ״̬֮У˫ϣܹԷչɱȽĬսԺϵϾһܴܴгϺӵһļҵҵ˫ĹϵãϺǳг
ڻгϺпʵֶڷɣһҵгǰС
Ȼ歵ϺʹݵİԱǶЩͬǳҶûչһĶ֮ǰҲֻǱųĬԸʹ·κε̬ȡ
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ҶеǳʧϾƨϵǶ϶ǿٲˣսͨ˵רõܼܹǶŪġ
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Ҷ§歵֫趯ţţ歵ѻϹ§Ժʽ¶ʱ򣬺Ȼ歵ƨ϶һ룬θ룿
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ĿӱͱȽϵķӦ̾ͱ歸ˡ
歵ɫˣиǲޣû뵽һõǱȽӢҲܺãû˵ΪȴȻ飬ڻĹ˷Ӧ
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ûϵ˵ʧˡˣȻмϻǺܿرʾ½⡣
˵歵澿ô룬ҶҲûʲô취ֻǽᣬչһԼ輼˳ע⵽ԼѣֲҪ̸ŮѣȻûбҪںĸܵġ
һ֧ڽԱ߶ҶҲ˻˰̨Ǳ߶
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ҶĻΪݣԼⷽƣͼĳɹʣֻô͸绰ýͨһЧҲ̫˰ɣ
˵⡣ҶһΧûע⵽Ͷ˵һͱϺʹݵһ歸ˣʱһͰǶճƨˡҪҲ˵¶ô죿
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ǵöã˭Ҷʵ⵹Ҳʲô⣬ֻ֪ôѶͽ
ܿģСʱɡͨ˵
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Ҷھͷ֣λɫŮ߶üλ಻ˣѾΧΧڣһһλɹذˣͨļƻɾȫˡ
飬ѶȲСҶʵش
ȥɣҶٵġͨڵ绰й
Ҷ˵绰Ӷ䣬¶еѶȣֻǽͨԼߣǰֻ飬ֻӲͷƤȥһˣȥռŮıˣֲʲô˷ĵ顣
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ˣϴĲˣȻ˵ղűҶƨɣЩ⣬һλŮǰȥѯһλŮϸǾԵøӲòˡ
ԸشҶ⣬뵽˹λŮһЩ飬ͷʱһתЦŶҶ˵λŮҶӿܲϤΪոմŷ޹ʵǻˣϹܿ˵һǳϵļĺᣬŷ޿ˣŮɲһϵģҶӳҲδؾܹ˶
һһ˼ҶĹӸǣǶ׷ŮŨȤԽǰѶԷһ仨ƵģǾԽȤҲ´ۡ
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Ҳ˵ݷʽ鱨ʾλϹܿС㣬пһҲ˿߶
ҶȥһѶȿ֪жˡ
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ҶȻڣֻǽ⣬ԼȽȻȥλɫŮѡ
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ҸҴİôһ˵Ҷеˡ
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ҪʲôҶʵڳһҳɹ֣Ҫ۵̬
歿Ҷв棬λүͦģҪϹܿ治׵飬ϹڹҲһӰڹӰǲǷǳӴģ˵ŷǱ߶ѾĳСң͵ͬԼˣֻװȽϱһЩǴʽȷʵƵǸɵй
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Ҷ𣿡ӣˣЩƵؿҶƺһ˿ζ
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Ǹ˾ͽд̫ƽԶʹеݹϵڴʹòһζʱ䣬ĸϺ֮óϵڽܹĵؿչ֮УԸĺܶ࣬ǴʹݵĹԱҲæµ
Ȼˣ⹤һæµҲ٣ǩߴʲôģзǳĻر
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ʲôˣȻǿϴ̫ƽģжʱ֮УǿǴԶʹݵķݶϣ͸ɫˡ
ô¶歵˵ͷҶĵ顣
λҶӿɲһˡԶʹ˵Ǽڻĵĵλ죬;Ӱ˿ɼҪ򿪻гҪвΪ֮Ӱ˼ļƻ
֪歵˵ͷȴЩơ
ڴԶʹҶòˣСƢʲôģʵڲǺõѡΪԺ㣬ԶʹΪӦù͸ҶһЩôǡ
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Ȼ歿Բ̫ƽȴӴԶʹȡǷݶЭ飬ݸ˴Զʹ
Զʹһ֮󣬾ҡͷ˵ſϹܿСɲô׾ֵܹģ٣ҶӵҲŵģȻΪƾԼܹô˲ȤϹܿͶͱһ֮ڣе쿪
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ΪҶƨɵ飬ǽҶ޵ѹţҵ˱ҶԱİ취ȻҪɽۻҶϹܿԸͷģʱҶӣӣǻĻο
˵ԶʹǾ鲢ûʲôô
ϾҶһˣ߶ֺã϶ˣˣǶ歵ĸоͲôˣʱ۵Ϻʹ߶⡣
Ȼʹ߶ɵҶӸ޶˵ظԼһȽǿĶ֣ʱпܻҵС鷳Ҳʲô顣
歡Զʹ˿һ正Ͷĳ˵㸸װиչˣϤҲΪ˽ܹϼŵҵչռ½гΪĿ꣬вʹСӣһҪӴۣҶĹӣܲͲҪȥû˵Ļ˵һѶһ·
ܽˡԵͷԴԶʹʾ˸л
Ǳ߶ȥʱ򣬾ͷҶѾϹܿڵǸСȦ棬е̸ʲô
ĿϹܿС㣬µɳϣһƣζؿǡ


867 Ǹʲôƴô
Ҷ߹ʱһȺġɹʿǣΧϹܿڸ̸ۡ
Ȼһֻڱ֮󣬺ɶɷڹർµĽЩǻ϶ЩңЩλЩȨƣǿĸСһذͷԼĻëͼĸע
Ҷ߹ȥʱ򣬾͸ܵ˵ų⣬üݺݵĿ⣬еϣ˵Ŀɱ˵ĻҶͱˡ
ȻˣЩɱĿ⣬ҶһѡӵģҪôֱؿȥǸеڣԶֺĵΪ
λôƺ˼Ҷ͹ϵѯʵ
ȻղҶʱǶˣҲе̾˵輼ʱ˹ֱΪһȽǿеľ֡
ǿľ֣ҵĿҲһµģǾһ¶⣬Ȼﶷһʤ
ƨ£Ҷûػһ䡣
⻰һڣʱȫ˶˵ˣҶһӡ
˶ڼҵ羫ӢĻҲᱻ뵽ֳһ˷ŵȥ쵱Ҳĳܹɧ͡
û뵽߶ͻȻһˣȴǺñǸţƣһ仰Ͷµøղλ˵ˡ
һ룬ƺȷʵ˼ôƺҪĻǹƨ¡
Сֵ䲻ɣô壿һ꿡忴ۣؽѵżҳİɣ

˶ʱһЦƺЦҶֻǸżҳ۽Ĳµëһ㡣
ЦЦЦʲôʱ򡭡ҶȴһҲûЦؿǣǿһȺһ㡣
¡
ȻҶôһ㣬Щ˵ǾеЦˣһַǳĸоԼſˣȴͻȻֻະѣ飬ȷʵܲ
ҶͿȷʵ󣬶ҲǶʮӣԸ˵ı־Ǹѧһ㣬Щ˵Ҳʮˣһڼʯ壬ҲʯȻҶ۸
СֵƢǲôҲϹСİɣԱ߶һ΢һЩľʵ
ϻֲǲΪϹС㣬ѵΪľջҶһ仰ʱλҲǺˡ
ǹҩ˰ɣһ˿ȥˣ۾˵˭ҵĺӰôȥ֪˭𣿣֪˭𣿣֪Ƕ˭𣿣
вҶһۣ˵Լ֪Լ˭Ҫңѵ񾭲ԺôôôһȺˣ
һԵϹܿ̲סЦ
һȺװƵǣϹܿȻ΢Ц͵۵ҪֻǰԼݣܲ˦־ߣĻҪۿˡ
ʱеͷˣЩȻҲСгɾܸͣĳɾᲢ𣿻˵СгܹĳȽ
Щ˵Ŀ⣬ȻƺǺЦʵȴǳЦЦһȺɵǣʵǺκεһ顣
ڣһλˣ߶Ľ֣е΢һЩȤ
ϹܿôһЦʱͻ˳еĶ
һȺ꿡ǣЩĿɿڴȻλɫ˵òˡ
ҶһۣоһЩֵĸо
ϸ˵λϹܿСȷʵüŮҶˣɫɫĶУҲ˵ô˵ģܹ˸ġ
λϹܿСȴˣòɣ˿Χǣ;ЩɫǲӶҪˣɵøЩȡ
ⲻѧ
Ҷ̾ʶһ㣬ͿϹܿһ䣬ϹС㣬νԻ𣿡
ϹܿҶĻɵɫһ䣬ЩؿҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôմ
˵û˼ˡҶȴǰ˰֣ϽԼ
Ϲܿı֣ҶѾһЩ裬Ůȷʵ򵥣˵ʲôʿֲĽͨ󲿳ӣԼ顣
ν޷粻ˣϹֻܿͨŮӣҲǵĸ߶ȹעˡ
ϹܿȴǽһָǿɲʲôˡλͨɷݵĶܾڽšλͶʵִж£ʹͶˡλרĳߣгֵǧǾ˵ĻϾûˡ
ǺǣСǮѣԪµĹģһ治ҶȻһЦһƵӡ
λϹָܿĳɹʿЩĸоһҶ⻰òûֱӾ͸ȭಫ
ˣϹܿЦЦһ߶ָָλĹӣλигֶӣһλ˾ĹӣãҲŲ𣿡
ǺǣǸʲôأҶԼ°ͣϹܿʵƴѵҾͲ𣿡
˭һλͲطʵ
ǺǣҸҶƽίԱίǡҶػشеľƱƺҪһڣַˣüͷȻȴǲһЩ˷ˡ
СҶĻ˶ʱˡ
ãλ˾Ĺӣ쳣վһַǳĿ˵ԭҶӣʧˡҸĴϧһֱûл棬ˣȻ֮ţʧˣʧˣ
ţ˵СܶӺȻʣǺȶˣиˣ
˵֮ͺܹصͷҶ⣬Ȼȶˣܵö졣
ȵ˷ӦʱͲټѾǰ˳ˡ
λѧһǺȻҪؼңһŤ˽ҪȥҽԺǣҶк֮Ҳ˲ơ
λүͻȻŶͰļλסˡ
ڵ飬һƶٶģλڶˣҶɱ֮ʣµļλɫҰףҲҸҶ˵ֻĵؿˣֻϣҶղûмסǵš
ĻһҶǵĺ˾Ҫǣġ
ȵЩ˶׷뿪֮󣬶߶ʱͱ徲ˡ
ҶӺôӰһ仰ʮ۱ϹܿɫЩؿҶ˵ôһ䣬Щ͸ߣĪʲô强ҪСŮ˽˵
ǺǣϹС㣬ȻǱѩҶеĴ̶Цűʾһ飬ҪСһ£һҪ
ŶҵҪϴˡϹܿҲû뵽Ҷ˳˶ϣȻлҪ˵
ҶϹܿ˺ɣĵһûбԻԵӰɣ


868 ֵ
ԶĮ̇жžƱĿųе쳣
ΪʹһаĸˣʵֻⷽһЩѣϾΪϺɽϼĵϵ̳֮һиԶĿ꣬ԼҪҪȥɡ
ֻ歵Ŀ⣬ȻɱҪȥһԶҶСھǸʲô
ղſȥʱ򣬾ͼϹܿΧЩǣڶҶȺ֮һĺЦ
歲ɵҡҡͷҶȻ֮󣬿Ҫȥô꿡壬Ҳȷʵеˣֻ⵽ΧȻϹܿһЦ
ֻ뷨ûдԺˣٿȥʱ򣬾ͿЩ꿡ڻ˳һܵñӻҪ졣
ΣͺҶǺˮһ㣬ֻ˱һѡ
ʲô飬ܹЩˣ歵棬ɵЩ档
֪ҶʲôʽЩ˸ߵġ
歵ͬʱϹܿδؾͻϲϾŮӣߵﶼĿĽ㣬߶ҪûһȺ꿡еĻԲĸ߹
Щ˶ҶˣôҶˣ컨
ٿȥʱ򣬾ͷϹܿƺһ˵ı鶼ûУҶԣ˵ͷڵ̸ʲô飬ƺһеı顣
ôǲǸеЩ˼飿Զʹ֪ʲôʱ򣬾歵ߣЦ˵ʵ͹˹ٱλ˼ڻ˵Ӱ
ٱλ˼룿֮ЩȻ
ǹٱλ˼롣Զʹͷٱλ˼ǻĴͳ˼ʶ֮һ˼ǣǷΪټٵĴСһֺĵֵۣȥ˵λͼֵڹٱλ˵Ĺ٣˼ְָߵְˣǹְ߹ԱһȨ
Ŷ˵ͬڷ⽨еĹ٣˾ʵ
ǺǣٵıǹУΪ磬ǣˡᵽ֮ҲΪ飿ǿĴ˵۹££ԴӣԴ͡ߵԭⶼǹڵģ֮λͶӡɼڵĹٵͬڹԶʹ歽͵ᷢչ˽ƶȽͳ߱˲һɶĹҪЭõЩ˾ǹԱԱǴӶĳĳʹֹʵϾһȨ
ʹǲѧţĻôͨЩ˵
˽ҪĹϵǲƲ⣬Щ󲿷ֶɸԱͲþġ˭ӵִͲþȨǾǴиߵλͼֵԶʹ˵ΪҪìܺ͹ϵȻ֮䣬֮䣬ôȨͳ˺λͼֵҪ߶ȡǵپͳʵָ˼ֵҪ;ʱΨһ֡
ˣͷжʱЩȻˡ
ѹָղЩܵô죬ϹܿȻûбֳҶķУӹǻ˻ǹٱλ˼ռԶڸ߹ӵܵľηռϷ硣
˭Ĺְ˭ӵиķȨ˭ĹְСֻܸ˼ƨɺ͡
ǵȨڼʱ֮ͳᶯԭ֮һԶʹ˵Ӵ˵ĸ棬ӵо޴ȨĹԱƸĴ۶ᡣС˵ƶȱ̰۸´õȨӻ˶ܹưһ
˴ԶʹĻ֮ϸĥһ;˵úе
ʵĿǰϺҲͬ⣬ء
ŷΡκɭϵĵȼƶȣȷʵ谭ᾭõĽչҲΪʲôϺƸеҵеĸԭ
ΪϺɽϼϵ̳ˣ歾ͺеһЩ׶ˣڴ½гǳӣϧ͵˴½Ҫ߶ĻԵͶʣ½гҲðϺǱ߶ļԼӰ졣
Զʹôһ˵ĸеĴ½Ҳͬ歸еЩԥˣȻ˵½гˣûи߹ΪĻչҲô˳ġ
ŴԶʹϵЦݣ歾;ƺʹڼԼһעģܹҶҵҶϹϵǴϵĹϵϼҵ½ҲСܶˣҼпܻȷչȨ
ȷϼΧĴԶʹҲ歵⣬ⲻɵ歸еЩķҡ
ѵ˵ΪȴҪԼͽһ˵Ļ棿
˵ΪŮӣû뵽ԼжĿܣô͸оһֲų˻Ѩֽѵĸоأ
ϹС㿴̨ϵǸŮ𣿡ҶЦŶϹܿ˵
ǸղŸǸŮӰɣúƯϹܿڰ̨Զʹ˵正ЦЦ
ղҸ˸ġҶǺ̹ףֱӾóǷݶЭݸϹܿ
Ȼ˵ҶǹַʽﵽĿģǸϹܿӴ֮;Ů˾ɲ⣬ԻֱѡΪá
עΪϹܿǷݶЭ֮󣬹Ȼˡ
Ȼ߹ϹܿΪܲ⡣
ԼȻԶںǸȻڹڵģҲһֱ쳯ԾӣȻһŮӸעϹܿȻǷǳĵģҲʲô飬ⲻ֪ߵغŮһѵ
ҶӣҴӦϷʲôôϹܿҶʵ
Ҷˣе⣬û뵽ô׾˵ͨϹܿΪλɫŮܾ뵽鵱ء
ϾκһŮӣԼעΪеˡ
ȻԸҪôô϶ܹɹˣҪģҶӦ˽ͨҪܵסϹܿʱɽҲմһ
û뵽ʤ֮졣
ֻҪҶϹܿ˼ôͶǰˣҶ治ʤĸо
ϹСҪʲôôأҶʵ
ʱû뵽ϹܿһҶչһЦˣղλŮӵҪ󣬸ҲӦΪҰһΣеΪѵ顣
˵˵ʲô𣿡ҶЩʵ
ǺǣҲ޷ϹܿЦӮŮӵһʱ֮ǰҹңҹ㡣
ְҶˣɵЩȻ
ϹܿȷʵЩ֣ҪһŮӵǰҹʲôôأ
Ҷ°ͣг˺ɡ


869 ˵һĻ
ְҶˣɵЩȻ
ϹܿȷʵЩ֣ҪһŮӵǰҹʲôôأ
Ҷ°ͣг˺ɡ
ٺϣ˿߶
ҶϹܿЩ棬Ȼ˵ֿԲǺܴ󣬵Ҳȫųġ
һԣĸŮӣһֱܵų⣬ָоô˵أͺһƷϣȴϣ˴һ㣬˵Ӱ쵽Ʒԡ
ϹܿľŮȻϣԼ屻ЩۣôתϲûʲôʵвͬԣҲǿġ
뵽ҶɵаЦ
һҪҶû뵽ȴԼװȥˡ
ҶӷǳϹܿıоͲ³һЩʵ
϶֪ϹܿԾΪҶûлõϹܿ˵ʲôǲɵ歲Żô϶ҪҶģΪ֪Ӯ顣
ǡǡǺһ㣬ǾҶĵλϹܿԴһҶҪ޻˵ģΪҶļʵ̫ӴˣϹȻŷƴȴҲҶһǳõǮѣҪչͬҪҶҵıϢ
ԣ˶Ҷ֮Ϲܿûǵõ˸ҶĻᣬҲΪԺ·
ֻû뵽ҶȻֱӸϹܿ˵歴ĵûϹܿ˶歵ȤԸҶзһ
ʼδˣôҲ뵽ݱӡ
歸뵽ϹܿȻˣǶΪŮܸͬȤּϹܿ歰ЩԹԣôҶͷһҲ¡
ףСôȻ˵
ҶͷһȴС÷׳ˣЩؿҶȻû뵽ҶֳϵС
ΪҶСҶصɷ׳פʹ⽻Ϻʹݾٰͻ룬Ҳʲôֵ顣
С÷ãڸҶվЦŸС÷֣Ȼش
ԭϵϹС㰡Ǻǡ׳˿Ҷֿ˿һ߶ϹܿЦ
¶Ǿѣһ仰ϣǵˡҶЦЦѻˣʵһ֮飬С÷ڸ룬飬Ӧǿ͸һˡ
׳Ϊ⽻ҪԱͬʱιĴʹȻ⽻裬ǾǺᣬֻҪֶԼкô飬ҪȥǶԼ飬Ҫϱһơ
Ҷʲôѵ˵Ļ⣬׳ĸдʵ̵ġ
Сӣͻô͸ȥ⽻ٲŶԡ׳ЦŶҶ˵
Ը⣬үӿ϶ǲԸġҶ˵
Ҷ˵ʵǽмίǽ⽻ϵͳϵͳⶼҶүӵ˼Ҷүӿ϶ϣҶܹͰشӵطԱһǨǸĿλϡ
ΪĿ꣬Ҷܴ±ȽխĳרҵԱȽǿְҵ⽻֮飬ǾԲܴӦġ
ǺǣҲҰ׳Цү֪ˣǵһ١
Ҷƽҵ˺ʵĻᣬϵͳ˳Ҳܱѡȥһڲί֮е
׳Ϲܿ˸кҶļ򣬾Ц뿪ˡ
ݣϹܿʵ
С÷׳⽻Ҷͷ
⽻ٳȻһ˲šϹܿ˵ͷ
Ҳһ˲ŰϹС㡣Ҷͷ۾ббؿϹܿ˵
ûԽҪһ𹲶ϹܿҶӣɵЦƺǷǳãҶͷλŮУûʲôĳɷֻ֣һֿȥоܺЦ̺С
Ȼ˫飬ϹֻܿǵһϷһȽϺѣûнᣬҶչʲôܵĹϵĴ㡣
νͬΣҶЦЦ
ͬͬĿܡϹܿһ㣬Լļֵġ
ϹСһ½ֻǵʲôҪ飿Ҷʵ
ҶϹܿʵ
߶СһҪæĻϹСһᣬ߾ܴˡҶ˵
ʵϣҶϹܸܿȤܹôΧתľŮȻʲô
Ҷ¶ͲɵϹܿ϶࿴ۡ
òϣŮȷʵһֺջˮʣǳɫĴһ˿ϣĳе覣ǰķͦǶ¶˰۵ĲԲ
ֲøղȺɫǶ뿪ȷʵζҶ۾;ͷСֵЩĸоԼҲе֣ϵеرֻǺ˵ƶѣôôǿҵķӦ
Ҷһͼеĳ嶯ѹȥȴû뵽ǻģȴԱ߶Ϲܿϵ㣬ζŪһЩ
ԵľƱĺƻ˻ΣȴɻôͨǱ߶ûжأ˵СʱھܹѶͽⶼ˶ˣ
İЧʾǲа鲿˵ֱˡ
Ҷ뵽˽ͨǣɵҡҡͷһξڲ⣬ҶæЩ飬һǳֵӣҶæҶ;󲿳ǲǹģ
˵治ôѷġ
˵һλ½ΪѰһλɾ֪ҶǷţϹܿȻЦζؿҶϸָһֻ߽űĺҡš
ôҶˣʱһ㶣Ȼ˵Ǵ½ĸŶҲ֪ĸɵСôĸܹ˹顣
ҶѵûпǹԼϹܿĿ¶һ˿ζֱؿҶ˵
ϹСЦˣδ޵ˣ㲻ѡҡҶһ̯¶ûһ
ϾΪһӴĺҵļ̳ˣϹܹܿҶСģûһ˿һĿԡ
ҲδŶϹܿ˵꣬ŵվȻһֱֻ۵ݸҶڣǲǸˣ
ûһʱҲˣǲż˼ءҶݸһЦ
ţˣͿ˾˵һĻŷ޵ؼļ̳ϹܿС㣬Ҷֱۣ˳ȥ


870 ʶƣ
ôܣ歵ɴ۾ӣС춼ϲ£ˡ
ҶȥϹܿȻǿϹܿԣ֪ܶʲô˲øУҲԲߵһ
ôҲû뵽ϹܿȻҶֱۣƺһ°˳ȥ
ĳȷʵ歸
ѵ˵Լô׾Ҷˣ
ܣһģ͵ҡҡԼͷǱ߶˹ȥֻϣղſֻԼĻ롣
ǣϹܿҶıӰôȫۻ
뵽ԼҶĶģҪһͷײ뷨ˡ
ҶϹܿͬһңһϣô䶨ˣȻҶҶҵкܴ󣬶Լ½гǳаȴҲûоʹίҶΪ䴲뷨
Ը¼Ǽѵȫϵġ
ǣҲҿ϶ĳǻܾ
ߣǵУŮӵܹӳã޴󣬲ŽҸɣ
Ұͬ׹һ歵ıΣҲòȥ
Ա߶ĴԶʹƺҲ𾪵ˣȻ˵˼άܣԤϵҶϹܿ⵽ǰȴֳ֮⡣
ǰɣѵ˵ϹܿӣϲˣԶֹĻҶǼһıˣ
Ǹе𾪣μĺܶǣҲеЩ㵣ΪϹܿŷǱ߶СǲŮŮļ壬ܶǶҲǳȤֻδֶܵѡ
ҲʲôС֮Ĵ֮󣬾ʹһ˵˵Ϲܿϲˣö֮Ϲܿͳ˽֪
ʵΣ˲Ǻֻ֪ϹܿȷʵŮԺܸȤȷʵûһˣܹɹ߽Ȧӡ
ǣ·ƺǵ߸ǵ֪
ϹܿȻʼϲˣ
ҶС÷׳ҲǣǾһ£ͻָˣֻЩ˼ɫƺڿ⡣
ͳĹϼŮ̳ˣҶֳ˷ǳǿҵѺ̬ıֵã׳Ӧøү˵һҶҾ塣
Ǻܿ뵽һ⣬ҶϹܿ˸ߵһóС֪ˣóɺͳү֪ˣ뷨أ
ȷһͷ۵⡣
׳˼룬;ûзʲôʵǰ£ʱҲա
͵ǲ֪ɣĻһǱ߶ҵ϶̫ÿ
ϸı󣬻Ŀԣ϶ӦýĹȥ˿ЦҶֱ֣׳еǣܵĻʲôԤìܣҶҵʧ
Ҫ֪ϣƻҶ˿ǲ٣֪飬ԲŹϳǱ߶Ļġ
Ҷһ£ĻҪŮˣɲͨŮô׵ģǱ߶ķӦԻȽϼңϾһ⡣׳˾
ľٶȷʵҪܴϹܿЦŶҶ˵¶һֵɡ
ҶĸоȴϹֳܿô򵥣ΪղϹֱܿ߳ʱ΢Щţ˵Ƿǳŵġ
˵ʲôأ
Ҷ̾͵ó˽ۣλϹܿС㣬ȷʵŮ֮ȽϵĻԲǱֳķӦȻӦ޷ģµģѾһĴڣڸϸµֲĿ
ȻϹܿıӦǱܵķӦ
ܵϹС㣿Ҷ¶;ý˼ˡ
ۺзǳõ׷Ȼδؼŷ޵סҲǲˣǲסҶϹܿѯʵ
סĵطҲʲôΣհɣϹܿûлش⣬Ҷ֤
ĺˣңǸ˯ġҶͷѵһŮԸҲ̫Сˡ
˵ϹܿЦҡͷ
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Ǻǣ֪ҶгϹܿûие⣬ЦŻشݣҺܿյˣҲ֪δͬһŮӣҳ÷ǳ
ŶҶˣеˡ
ϹܿڹڵĴһЩ˽⣬Ҫ˵ҶͳĹϵô˽⣬Ǿе˵ȥˣһеʲô⡣
̧ͷ˿ϹܿͷĳͣɵøƵģ䶼סˣԼ֮䣬Ҷ˴ڶϵССӰ
Ǻǣû뵽ϹСҶôע¶ⶫĹͰɡҶȻַһϹܿͷʱ¶˴߶ϵСС
ϹܿҶһͷʱе⣬ѵõرֳһ˿
ȻͻȻϷ֮ϹܿеЩʧء
ȻΧûпıںǣʵǾڸҲڶһȡϵŻ޿ֵһμĻΪֻҪһ£Ǿͻἰʱ֣ṩϸı
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ϹܿҶĻ΢ĽŶʱɳЦ˵ҶӵǶˣСܹѰ˷Ҳǵҡ
˵֮䣬ϹܿıǾͳˣһа˸ˣŮģеģȥǾǿֻ֮Ҷ˿֪ǵϲûЯǹе
ϾڹڣκηǹٷʿûпԽȨЯǹеͳҲУȫȻڵعٷ𣬶Էܴǹ
˵ҲǹȨһ֡
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ԸϹܿ˵ͷȻѾЭ飬ôҪȥ˲УǼ׷С
ϹܿıǾվ⣬Цص𾯽Ľȥˣڶһֱע正ʱЩһǽڣ޺޵˵
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871 ѵһֻɶꣿ
Ľȥˣڶһֱע正ʱЩһǽڣ޺޵˵
۽ΣֻҪλڷһϣ歾ˣλϺɽϼļ̳ˣеǳɥ
С㣬ɣʧ֪ǸԶʹ˶ݵ֮̾ͻָ˹Ȼһ¶
ȷʵ˴ģҶ񲢲ʲô˵飬歿ϷŵζӭĻҶ߶ϺɽϼķչǴкôġ
٣ǶԼкôġ
˵ʵΪϼļ̳֮һڼĵλ˵ܸߣ෴ɫͼ̳Ȩ˲ҲҪԶߴ½гҪԭϣͨǿֿڼڲѹ
Ȼڻûбǿм޳ȥǼ޵ۣͿʼˣֻڶȤ˺ܶ࣬кüձһЩҹǣһʱ֮޷
һ仰˵ڴ۶ѡ
ԶʹϼڲȨ÷ǳҲǶԴһϣΪεƷ˶෽չˣҲϣܹڴ½߶¸ʡûȥ֮׵
Ҫ֪ϺɽϼڲΪ֮еļ̳ˣҲһˡ
һΣȻҶҪ壬ǶԣδؾͲǴһȴţϼˣҶбȡ
Ϊ˵ҶŮǣǷǳչ˵ģǳԿ
û¶ֻǲϲֱˣ˵ĸоѾָ˹־ȽϼᶨŮӣʱȻȻ֪ҶļƲߣܿͿʼĺ
Զʹ˵ҲûҶȥᡣ
ңҲûıԼҲĿԣְԼõԼӦõһ֡
뵽歾;ƽˡ
׷Ŀ棬һ׳Ƥɳ۴ڶʮϣȻϿʲôǵȥʱ򣬾ͻ÷ǳ
Ҷɳ棬˱Ͷӣһ߶ŽĿһ߶绰
˵˶ڱĲˣôʱҴ绰С棬˴ζżǧﶼó
Ȼ˰ҶڵۺֲϹܿ飬Ķ档
ҶȻϵֽʱ򣬻ǻǸϵļһɱģôģȻҴӵС棬ǻòͷˣ
ֻ˺µСˣӦñһͷ̤Ŷԣ
ôҶʵ
춼û˵òЩεػһ䣬ŲʲôҪģҪģ̫зˣǾ֪Ƿɶ˻ҲķɶҪ˵㻳ȥһס
ôһ˵ҶʱҲеЩԲס
ϸ˵ⷽȷʵռһƵλŮԶҪԿࡣ
˽ŲȼŮ˽Ųȼǽ
֮ܶȻȨϣһϾͿԿ
ǸӦóóһЩģ¶ԹҰ衣ҶܳϿҵرʾԼǸ⡣
˰ɣ⻰Ҫð˵ˣǲùӳ㰡ˣʱЦ
ʵϣС㲢ôСˣһ紵ݶģͻỳҶˡ
ԣҶëҲ֪ԼĶλҶһЩСֶΣҲװ֪ϾΪӵܣ飬ҪÿһЩ
ֻǣ˸δ椶ʲôģ϶᲻ʹġ
治ֹϵҶԳ͵Ҽ֮˵֮ܶǳӣϹܿǴŷǱ߶ģһҵļ̳ʲôģص½ĿҲȽϸһЩ
ŶƯ𣿡ŶһȻ󵭵ʵ
ô˵أȽϹˡҶһ²ŻشҲ֪ˣʵһǱȽϲׯһЩģ˵
Ųء˵
Ҫһ㡭Ҷԥһ£ǵ˵ϲŮˣ
ˣʱһû뵽ôһһЩʵ𣿡
ҿǵģ˵ʱ۾ȻЦ͸¶һ䵭Ҿ˵ûܹʲôϵҶ͵һ룬ŷֵط˵ȽĻʹʲôˣ˶˵ϲŮˣ㲻¶е֣
ô飬ǺŶˣȴǲ֪˵ʲôˣ⣬ͬҶۣҲЩ졣
ԸӦŤģһһַǳĸо
ҰڳĽ̬Ҿ÷ǳɡҶݵ
ʲôɵģѵҪ㲻֮󣬶ʱеЩˣҶ㻹ǲҪӴˣϴδɱ¼Ź˼죬㲻֪ҵˡ
ҶˣежЦŶ˵˵飬һɣҪӽС㣬ԲŻ࿴ġ
ӽң㡭տʼˣе⣬תһͻϹ˵ʲôϵ
϶˵ۼҳСòĽҪչһζԽĸ飬ǿûɽӽԲҵʯԴӽ㣡Ҷŵ绰Ϳʼ޵ߵⷢԽĥԽֿԣŰҿ˵ܶأѵû˵һ仰ôʲô÷ģҪأǲ֪ܶ˶ΪԼԼŵΨһʵǵŵĵһΣͱǸˣ
Ҷ㻵ˣˣʵȥҶˣ͹˵绰
ǺǣŮǻǱȽϺúġҶ˵绰ЦԼ°ͣ
Ҷӣôҵлǲе̫ˣȻһĵӱ˹Ҷһ
ҶͷһͷϹܿһ˪վɳ棬ɫƵص
Ȼղ绰ʱϹܿˣĻҲô
ҶеЩΣǸղŵЩϹܿȥ˰ɣ
ᣬЦѣϹСô͵ˣҶҲֻ
ҶӣѵţЩԣϹܿҶɫȻת˹ҶĴϣʵ
᣿ʲô
Ҷʱסˣ˵⵽ô¶ϹܿĴ󣬻λصľŮݼ̫߳
ԼϵŮҶ룬ѵ˵ԼȻ֮ãһֻ˻ķɶꣿ


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ǰϹܿѾȥֻſ˯ۣĴ棬һͷں㷢ɢڼͷĲЩɣԼܹ֮ᵽ˵㣬ַ˶ڲ㡣
͸ǽڰ͸˯ۣԿ˯ˣ񻶯˵̬¶ķ۱ȣӨѩף˼ջµĻ棬ǻ𣬴ⰻȻκ˿ˣԳ֣鲻Խ
ҶȻ˵Ǽĳ棬ֵŮҲ٣ǿϹܿɣȴҲȻЩˣֱ֪ؼֻÿڸĳҲܵǿҵĴ̼˼¡
Ϲܿŵ˯ֻۣ˴ȸһ˫ѩ׵ȣȴǼȫ¶Ҷǰż仹ܹĴžϸƵСڿ㡣
ѾоϹܿ˳ݣĦ壬һܡ
ֻϹܿı飬ȴе֡
ô˵أʱһŮҪĻĿӦˮһģҲӦģĳЩطҲӦ÷ĳ֡
ϹܿȻҶĴϣ˫ҲƵҶľ棬ظĲӣԼļĺԣȴȻֱƸҶĸоŪҶٰ
Ϲ֮ܿУ͸¶һŲı飬ƺڿҶʲôӦ˳һͿء
ˣϹܿòҶģȻһֱȽǵĸо
ƫƫŮ˲ø㣬Ҷ֪һ㣬Ȼ
㲻·ŮˣԲĻǳ鷳
ϹܿƫƫڳһҲҵ̬Цǿˣ
˺һҶһǿнͷѹȥ
㵽ǣšҶϹܿҪһ⣬˵һʹסˣΪõĻȷʵеΪ顣
˼ҪʣҵϲأϲŮˣϹܿԵе⣬ƫƫЦݣе졣
ͻȻоԼΣաҶϹܿЦ˵
ĸоΪϹָܿľʱҶȷʵܵ˺ëĸоֻһɲ֮䡣
벻ĸоͦġϹܿĿ͸¶һ˿ҶɱĵĻҲֻһɲ֮顣
ûԸҡҶʱܵΣյȴͬǳˮȥһúܿ죬ȥø졣
ʱͷĿ⾼ؿϹܿͼҳʲô
ҶĿ⣬ܿ䵽Ϲָܿϣע⵽ȻϹָܿ޼÷ǳԲ󣬵СָָףƺЩͬѰĸо

Ҷ̾͵ó˽ۣϹܿСָϵָײԭװģһֽƳɵĸƷⶫӦþǸԼΣոоˡ
ϹܿĸоҲǳע⵽ҶĿ⣬ͣСָϣɵЩû뵽Ȼܹܣ
ҵĸоһǳҶϹܿ˵
Ϲܿԥһ£ȻֽСָϵļָ׸жȻЩʵȻ㷢ΣգôûӦأƾҵĸоҾ㲢ûл֮ġ
ΪȻܵɱȴûиܵɱ⣡Ҷһ²Żش룬ݻص½ҪӦкܶ࣬ڻҶʲôɱɣ
ǿɺ˵Ů˵˼ôײµõġĻ֮ϹܿȻһЦüĿ֮ĶذҶһۡ
ʱķžû
Ҷ˹ȥһͼзƳͳ߹Ա߶ı̲顣
ҹ񣬽ⰲŵġʾ
Ҷһ㶣˵ʲôʱۺ˸̾ͷӦ˹ԭǹϽŵģǾʹ˸ŶϽˡ
ӿڴһųƱ͸˷Ȼ˵¾Уȥɣ˵յˡ
٣׼ġһжҶ档
Ա߶ıб۾һͿһж˹ݸҶɵƲƲ죬˵쿪ѵ˵ϹСĻɶΰɣ
ôˣҲûм˭ϹСռˡ
˲ܣҶҲܣֲŮôֻ᣿
ллҶõ˶Ȼᡣ
Ͻ϶Ͷ˹ģ¶ѣ˵ǶͲء
ҶԽͳ˽ȻкϹܿϹС㣬Եʲôջش½ܶ߶ķ˻ȽϸȤġ
Ů϶ҪʳģҶôأϹܿɳվݸһЦ
ǵҲǡҶ˵ͷʾ⡣
ĿϹܿתȦЩп˵ϹСģʵǲҪ˼̫ࡣ
΢ŽЩҪԼӲеģҪȵˮͰҲˡϹܿҶǰŤŤӣ⽫Сǰѽεģջͼͷǳˡ
ֻǾ˸ղŵ֮ҶλɫŮСĵúܣ֪᲻ڱĵطҲɱأ
͸ղССһƬָϣͿĨ񾭶صĻֻҪ˵ļ΢һ
һŮҪɱĳйϵ˵Ļʵ̫ˡ
ոҺ뿴ʲô㣬ЦúϹܿȻҶ˵
ҶˣɵЩ㵣ΪϹܿղŲûеſڶȥ
Ǻܿ׹ˣΪϹܿ΢Ͷ󣬿϶ͨ΢Ͷ󣬵õıǸ㱨Ϣ
ֻһþߣС¶ѡҶЦЦ־ͽǺж˹˳ȻϹܿ˹ȥ
ϧǣҶ׵еϹܿǰ
ϹܿˣҡҡͷȥҪֻҶȴһҪֵ̬˹ȥϹܿȥ̶̵֫˯ڲסķ⣬ʱ¶ϸ֫Լ˿ڿ
ҶƺЩ̲סջ㣬˳־Ϲܿƨ棬һ¡
žһ
ѽϹܿ̾ͦվҶ֮Уŭ⣬ȻǶҶëëŸеǳ
Ǹе˳ˡҶ̾ͱǸ⣬Ҳ֪ģЩСëϰԵĶˡ
ϹܿҶһӣҡͷ˵²ΪΪ׸ɱ֮
˵ţ֫һڣֲ֪ʲôطͳһϸͷ˿һĽ˿ĵĺʾⶫͬɱ
СҶˣɵõһȻǣΣհ


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ôʵеסҶ֮󣬾ͶϹܿ˵
ǽָףϸϸĽ˿ȥӦΪعԱ׼ɱϬװȻһɫŮӵУκһ˵涼ŨŨĺ
ΪʲôأϹܿЦЦ
Щˣ˼쳣Ҷش֣֮ضϹܿԣҽ㻹ٽӴΪá
½ķɣнֹŮʹüָ׵ȷҪ𣿡Ϲܿʵ
ûСҶͷϵ
½ķɣнֹŮʹýȷҪ𣿡Ϲܿʵ
ҲûСҶش
ôôûΥɣϹܿʵ
ҶͷϹܿ˵ûֱʾӵеֶѾ˶˵ȫвĿԣǲôģ̫Σա
ΣգʲôǲΣյأϹܿЦһ£˳ִԱ߶棬һ֧Ƕˮʣš˱ñȻδעīˮĽʱʼ⣬Ҷӣ֧ˮʣĳЩ˵Уһǹǵ
ðɣҳ˵ЩҶ˰֣ȻʵֻҲףΪʲôҪôװ
Ҷ˼⣬Ϲܿĸ߹Ӧ÷ӵģôû¶Լװøһɱ˿ħһ㣬е˼ˡ
һ굱УʮδɱĻͻΪʲôôװˡϹܿȻػشûκһŮӣԸԼͬɱ˿ħĸϵһǸҸƽ
ŶҶˣ˵ͷȻ˵ܹ⵽ĴδɱôҪҸˡ
ԣҲһص½ԭ֮һ߶ûк⸻㣬ΰƺҪһЩܹ˯̤ʵϹܿ΢΢׵
Ҷ˿Ϲܿ˵֮£ƺɱɱ֮£ƺְһ޷ġ
Ů˰Ƿǳӵһֶ
ǾôһϣҶ룬Ϲܿ
Ҳȥ˯Ϲܿ˵
뵽ϹܿһװҶ˵һ۾ȽϰȫһЩ˯ˣûаλɫŮǷʵʵ˯һ档
Ҫ͵͵ﵽԼٸɫʲôģҲˣ˳ͷ˿һϸĽ˿ԼĲһĨôӴɾûҶˡ
ΣջǺܴģҶðա
һǲ˯ˣҺȾƳԶӡЩ飬Ҷ͸Цһ
ǺǣҲãҶΪҹӦܹ˯ø̤ʵһЩϹܿȴЦҶգһ۾ȻһŤһŤ߽ҡ
ҲţôȻȥЬӣµ˴ϡ
ֻҪҶһ̧ۣܹбڴϵϹܿ
֮ϸĵɢط̶̵ֱֿβ˯ΪŵĹϵ˻ȥͬһ۴УƬ۾Өļͳǰ
Ϲܿñס˷ͦأȻ޷ס鹵ƽ̹Сõߣ޳ֱҼջһ˫ȣǱ˿ڿڵǵشԵԸˣѪţѡ
ҶֻһۣѸٵ˷Ӧˡ
ԽôôһŮţҶһǱ߶Ϲܿ˯˴ӾǷǳǿҵġ
ֻڼʶһװ֮Ҷûеֱӳȥʲô˼
Ů˾һŶʱըһΣգµľ㲻֪ʲôʱᱬըǾԶ֮ıȽϺá
˵ƽʱԼȸ裬ԸһӾϵУǿԿǵģŮҪǴĻǰ˺ıӡ
ŮϻŮϻ
Ҷɳһӣ˫ֽСô۾ʼ붨ˡ
˵Ҳ֣һգƺеͶʧˣҶܿͽļž֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ˼һ۾
ȴϹܿѾˣſڶɳ棬ָ°ͣ۾Լƺоʲôһ
ܾˣҶԼ˳󣬿ɱһǾЩεشԱ߶һס
ոաϹܿҶ˵
Ҷȥͷ˯鹵׻ĺҫۡ
Ҳ֪Ϲܿǹģûⷽľ飬ô߹˶֪ŪҶе˼ˡ
˵ǿأǲأ
ױ˼˵ޣĻǿ޲ˡ
ҶԾʹ󷽷ؿײ
ˡϹܿ˵
Ҷһ´ͷֱɴĴѾ͸΢΢⡣
ĿĴﵽˡϹܿ˵
šҶͷ¶ɵıȽԲˡ
ø歵ĴģҶȻؽӽϹܿϹܿŮ˵Ⱥã׾ٵظЭ飬ֿһѣͬʱǳ˳Ϲܿƨ棬ҲһСС׷
ȻмҲһЩΣգҶţϹܿŮ˻ʶػģܶԼʲôֵľٶ
е˽Ϲܿ뷨 Ϲܹ֮ŷ޻÷ˮĿܣڣĻ޸֮ҲֻǱĶ󣬲ܷչԽԽ
Ϲܿ½ĿӦҲȽȷҪɺϴˣڴ½ӵµĺϷݡ
ˣͲڶҶӭˡ
ҶóϹܿȷʵһַĵķУ֫ϾͿԿúӹɡ
ôõҹô˷ˣϹܿȻʵ
Ҷһ£ЩɻؿϹܿͷλɫŮУƺ˸һĹâҪĳ飬ȴܹ¶ģһԥĿ⡣
ɻ֮䣬ϹܿͻȻشɳһƨɾŤҶ߶һѽƵڿ棬ббؽѹ˹
û˸㣬ҶʵúŮ˵ġϹָܿҶ°ͣ覵Ҷֻвһߵľ룬мë
ôľϣҶſһߡ
Ϲܿɫ֮΢һͷҲһȻĲ˾ıҪһŮֱͦö࣬˱ֳصĸ֮⣬ҲһָоǾŮǷǳġ
Ҷĸп֮УϹܿӣҪҶ촽
ʲô˼ҶĴеȻⱻһλɫŮǣһ˿߶Ļôеܹ̽ܵģܵи״̬ת̰
ȵȣҶ뵽ɵһָϹܿӣϡ
ţϹܿǲɣɫ̱÷ǳѿ

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ҶŮ˵оҲǹģȻܹóڵϹܿһױ״̬
Ȼԭ򣬵һǿԿ϶ģǾǴʱϹܿĻʱ
ҶеԥˣΪŮ˵ȷʵܲӹĴ󲿳ͨӣҪԳҶֶԸϹܿҪΡ
Ϲܿ׽ҶȻջȴҲܹѳֵס°Ϊϰƿؾ棬ϲԼ
ϹܿЩҶ֪һ˵
һŮҪ¶ί˵뷨֪͵ܾǶõİ취ǶϹܿôһŮʵľɫŮǾ͸ˡ
ҶͺܳϿҵؿϹܿ۾Щض˵ֻеȷ촽ϵĴ࣬ǲǳһ¾ͻ˶
ϹܿҶͻȻЦС˵ˣԼ촽ĨҩȶһԼ
ҾͷˡҶЦһ£һ§סϹܿ֫һֱֻסͷȥ
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֪䣬Ҷһֻ־Ͳ䵽Ϲܿƨϣ˳˯۵°ڣ˹ԲΣڹɹ̽ȥ
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ҶᵽϢɵЩĶϹܿ㣬ζˣȴûмζ˵λŷ޵ľɫŮĿǰӦûû
Ļһڲ˵ҺͻƬΣ˵ʾȫͬˡ
иͷҶ氵һۡ
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Ȼֻ˫һŤ˯۾¶˼覵塣
ŶҶЩĿɿڴ֪Ҫʲô顣
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ҡҶ˾ЩĪǣһ𣿡
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õԲ˵ľˡ
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ܳҶˣɵһ䡣
ˣŪ˵ģûôˣŪ˵ģŮ˼ֱ
һ˵ĻƺҲҪµġ
ϧǣҶ˼ɣȴܹˡ
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ְһ壬ǵĽҲǺܶģǴʱڴ½ЩһҪע⣬ĻпܻԼֻ
ʱонŲ
һŮ˹ȥĳأӦòǺܺá
һ̾סȥ·
Ϊ߹ķ򣬾ϹܿҶڵ׷
ְڣȻȥǿҲԡ
ǻûг𣿡Ů̧ͷ׷Ĵţ͸¶һ˿ɡ
˵ʲôھüͷ˵ûʲô飬뿪
ҵ˼ʣϹܿҶȥ֮󣬻ûгŮʵ
СҶû뿪ֻҪߣǾͿ϶ػش
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˵֮Ť뿪ˡ
ֵŮˣ˵ʲôأˣ


875 Ʊ
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Ҷں࣬ϹܿĻɵһ£Ȼ΢Ͷ󣬿ʱıȡϵ
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Ϻⷽ滹еģǵľ÷չٶȺܿ죬һֱҪ֤ԼĴڼֵһҵСϹܿͶҶ͵ҲһˣǺɽϼļ̳֮һ
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ȻˡϹܿʱЦ˼ŮϣмʮԪʲļ̳Ȩأ˵Ҷı˾ռˡ
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Ӱƣȡ֮еҶҡҡͷϹܿȻشҶĳ˻ǸݶϣʵԸͷĻǧԪʲõóġ
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˵İϹܿҪҶһ䡣
ȻģϺɽϼʲôģǱQٻʵҲǾһһصļѣﻹ㲻ʲôҶһǵĴͳУļҵȻܹڷչĳڻһЩǴӳԶǵòʧģֻȻճ
ôǣϹܿЩʵҪ֪Ϻǰҵ棬Ҷǹɽϼҵء
㲻žˣʮ֮ڣҵҲҪҡҶԴ˵ǿúʵϣҲȷʵǵһЩ飬֪ϼΪڲԭ򣬵¼ҵǷ˶ԪծƲ
ϹܿˣЩɵģϾϺϼʵǿ˵ӰҲȽϴȻܸϹĴѾõĴĵᲢۣϺڣѾǷǳ˵Ĵˡ
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ҶһۣϹܿǰ಻ס˰ɣ
ȻҶ²ϹܿϲŮ˵ģּŮǼ˵֣϶ǺѾΪܹһ׷󣬹ϹܿҲӦҶҪ󣬸Э顣
ѾˣôȻ͵طߵʱϹܿԴ˱ֵļһЩҲ֮С
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ҶӣϹܿ飬ܹģϣܹõһЩĻϢСĵضҶ˵
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ҶĻ֮ЩĿ࣬û뵽Ҷô֣ȻֱӸͨ飬Ҷӣ
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ǺǣΪͨЦЦ׷ٵ飬ҪһЩϹܿǱѰҲҪ壬һҪ涢һµʱ䣬ǵ٣ǵϰߡ㹻˽⡣
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ҪǣϹҵмӰȽϴ󡣡ҶӽпȻˣǵ궼ǿʱԺԣڷſˣǼҪع飬Ҳô׵顣
鷳ˡҶʱеɵ۶
ֲϹܿеɫ˼ˣȻҶʱ̲סȥϹܿҲֻţСһͷȴ϶
ϹҶӽ˵ĻôҪǵԲСЩͷȻһڣǳⶫǻģ˵飬ᱻǸһз
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Ҿðɣ飬ʮˣǸʱ䣬ҲûôءҶ˵һʱʲô˶ҪǰܹǵģӦҲûмˣңͨ˶ԣ鲻ǳ¶ѣûжӰ졣
٣֪Ǽ˭ôҶӽҶȻеΪȻӣͶ˵˼֡
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Բ˵鷳ҶӽҶһ۵ǼλȻˣӰԶ˵̱ʽҪͻȻ˵ɱǵҪͻȻˣôô룿ڵǼλгίǣ̤ʵ𣿡
ˡҶԼĶͷҲòô
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ʵҸҲûʲô顭Ҷɵþͷֱһ䡣
һ˯һˣ˵ûʲô飿Ҷӽˣʱӵ۾غǳ
ôһ˵ҶûƢˣ飬Լʧˡ
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877 ұӿˣ
Ҳ̫ˣϾǺˡҶ뿪ʱ߳οҸо㻹ǲҪ̫ӽΪãҶҵӰ춼ãϾҶҶµĵ̳ˣ˵۾㿴ء
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ڳ滹Ҷ㣬δ㶮ҪһЩģѻ˵
ҡҶˣʱжӯֻð
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⼸绰֮Ҷ̲סŭͷ𣬶򵨱ץ绰͸ͨ˹ȥ
ǽͨĽ󲿳ûв˭ĵ绰רע˵һ䣬ȻŶԷ
ֻĿɲʲôûһеΡ
󲿳Ҷҧŭ˵ұӿˣ


878 Ըæ
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ϵͳĹӣܳ©ĵطҲܶ࣬ҶҶëⷢӣʱ򼸸ίԱһѣ󲿳λȵġ
Ҷ绰޷Ǿֲһ©ʡôԺ˺ϵ㵽һŶ⡣
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Ҷͨ߿绰ֻ֮
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˵ԮһѧҲǺܲ뷨һһѧ塢ۣҲýһͶˡ
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ڽӽ˶ԣϹ岻ȴҲ޷¶Ӱ죬˻ѾߵľͷʱᷢͻȻ仯ϹܿòǵøȫһЩ
Լ߶æ˰죬ڴЭ飬˼ҺȻһˣĻһΪʲôţ
Ҫ֪һ˴½ҪϹع½ΰҵҲһЩ˵ģϹүӿ޸˭ܹٳϹ˳ع½˭ͻϹٷ֮ʮȨ
ΪɵйϹ壬ЩĲƸҲǧԪң˲͹ƱծȯȵȣܹеɣǾǳԪľ޶ƸϹܿԣȻǷǳġ
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仯һеģǾû򻵣Ϳ¡ڽıˣ꣬ò˵ĳɼô߲Ǳ߶δؾͻںӶʡλϡҶľ˵Ȼֲһ䣬λõˣһ
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࿴ᣬ˭˭˳ۣҪһķչģȴҪô½֣˵ò𣿡Ҷľ˵ȻˣȣͲҪҲںˡ
ϣܹȫһЩĻ¶治˵ľˣ֪һͻ޷⣬ֻǲ֪Ҫʲôճ


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⻰ô˵ģʡˣʣҶͬ־˵ȷʵдúڵʮԪʽҲλˣڵǣʽǷܹбϣϾôĿͻȻʽѵĻӰǺܴܻġ
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뵽飬Ҷеˡ
һδɽеʯ¼ͶԶɽеĻ˱Ƚ˽⣬֪߶ܶ䶼ɽģЩȻѾãûʲô⣬ЩǺڸɺ˵ĺӲϽġ
Ϊɽƽ٣ԸɺԵĺӲ۾һӵĺõطЩںӲ֮ϵľһ⣬һˮ˵Ļ׵ҪٱΣյġ
ǵĶɽ¾Ҷ绰һصı飬ʵ
ǰ߶Ĵ꣬ҵĶɽǱ߶Ҳͬ⡣Ҷͷشϴ»߿ͷЩȫҪ֪ⱩҪ¶ã
ҶĵȷʵǶģ¾ͻʡд֮Ҷʹ绰ʡ̨˽õĴǺӶʡȫδ֮ڶнϴΧǿ
¶ֵģץʱضɽˡҶϢ̾˾
Ŵո߹Ļ⻹ǺֻܴھɽʱҪһЩϾ赲ߣΪҰ¹ʡ
Ϊ˰ȫҶһĸĺг˴˵绰ʾѴأȰѹץظҪ߶ӣǧܳΪѴɵİȫ¹ʡ
Ȼĺ˶ӦĺܺãҶǲ̤ʵָϹǰ飬ж
֮гֳ˽ѣԼּ֯Ĵ˵绰Ķ̬ʾһηѴǳҪǶ۶
ָί鳤ų鳤ɽ˵绰ҪǶٸŵķѴʾԼʱ֮ڽϻǰ׼
Ҷָ˾ȫ˵绰ͨ˽ڵѴ飬ʾҪʱҪ֧ԮһЩƷ
ĿǣӲö֧ԮһЩʵǿԵģ˵;Ʒʲôģûģ˹ȫһھʹӦˡ
Щ飬ҶŴԼ壬ˣɽиȥ
ûгǣҶ˾ͼʶһαľ޴·ϵһЩݵشʱѾˮĵطܹûϥǣĳЩ棬ΪˮźƽСԻˮܹƯ
ʱѴź鳵ʹˮź顣
ϵ·˲Ǻܶ࣬ɡϰ壬ҲгˣΪ·϶ˮסˣ·ܶ·ϣгӶСҲǳѣʱػֵ·ˡ
·߶С˼Ĵϴ裬ˮ浱
٣ǺľгĳȻ˵
ҶŤͷȥȻͿһųٿʱ򣬾ͼǱ߶мʮ˴ӵŵģǴžɫľݡ
ʱľݴԼһ۵ɡǱ߶ȡ鲿Ÿ˵Ļ㱨ʲôݣԱ߶Ҳе̨ļڿһ·㡣
ʾ˳٣ȴҶָʾ
߰ɣǱ߶ҲüëءҶľۣȻͶԸʾ˵
ӵٶһ·ˮ
һ·ϣʮСʱŻص˶ɽ
;ûзʲôʯʲôҲһγ֮ҶҪŶϽڵΣյضŲ飬ܵؽڵų
ڿʱǺԶģһξɶˡ
ֻһ·Ϻأһص˶ɽ֮󣬾ѾˣҶԸȥϢʲô飬һ˵
賿ʱҶĵ绰ͼ
ãҶҶԺץ˵绰ʶ˵
Ҷгˣ绰еܼȣǱ߶Ѿ񷿱ˣ
ʲôҶˣʱ˯ȫޡ


886 ϴ
Ҷгˣ绰еܼȣǱ߶Ѿ񷿱ˣ
ʲôҶˣʱ˯ȫޡ
绰ģǶɽигֳ˽ѡ
Դʡί֯һɽķԸͶҶ֮󣬵˽ѵĹͷǳҶҶָʾƴӣָ򶫡
һҶԸѴ鷢չߵúܼ˽Ѿͷˡ
Ϊƹ˾صĸг˽ѵӰǱȽϴģȻûн볣ίȦӣڹؼûʲôȨʵӰǱȽصģھϵͳһ졣
ΪȭͷλֵĹһǷǳϸ񣬵˽Ѱѳסϵͳгǰλþȵġ
ȻˣǵίǻгİǸǻˣҲ˵
Ͼλ೤೤Ҫ˵ĻλҲȵ
ҶгҪֵǱ߶ָʾȽϼʱضѴͨȻʮ񷿱壬Ǵ󲿷õģҲûԱ˽ڵ绰л㱨˵һʱͣˣҵĺأ
ҶѾӴˣԱͷشϵ˵öԣδڿܶǿǲܹģ
Ҷʵ
Ѿڳϣ׼ϸˣȰѾϵͳԱǷܹʲô顣˽ѱʾ
ϵúܺãһҰź߶Ĺ͵Ҷˣ̻Ӧ
Ҷ뵽ʲôֲһ䣬Ҫ·һעⰲȫ
ллҶгģһעġ˽ˣ滹Ǻܸ˵ģҶʵȽϺֻҪ㲻ǸŸɣǺܺô򽻵ġ
ʱͨҶһζʱĽӴ˽ҲҶǰгǿˣҸ˼ңǰһƬ˵λҶгԾǵĴڵĺ
ˣʡί֯һɽҲͰˣиҶ޷ǾΪҶֵܹסǡ
Ҷ˵绰֮һ賿ĵӡ
·ƿ˿ͷȻ꣬˿ûбСļ
ȥҪ˵ɽˣǶɽ߶Ҫֲ˺ôȥ
Ҷ˱ˮȻߵԺ棬ȻԺĻˮȻɢıȽϿ죬ԺſڵĻˮûƵȡ
㣬ֵϵĻˮӦܹûŲˡ
һйսҶ龰֮󣬾Ͳɵͷ
Եˮǽź顢йԳɵġ
κһУ巢ԣ벻棬޷Ǿźϵͳ裬йϵͳɵĻ
νźָرˮ۳л壬رˮŲȥᷢԡ
ȥɽź֮ǿΪڸߴСﶼûлˮûеݵش꣬Ҳܹ֤ûмŽˮͷԵˮ
žɳǸ죬ɽеĳиҲ仯λҲǨˣǽԴ㣬ƵƵԣ͵ݵء
ҲΪǽƵʱ򣬹׷۵˳еź
йָˮйԼйŵľ롣
ɽейˮҪСöܹ࣬Ӧһı꣬ƹ߳ʱãӦˣôͨˮͻܵ˽ϣγɸ鷳⡣
ʵϣڲǶɽд⣬ȫСеУձ⡣
ԭʵҲܼ򵥣ϵḶ̌ҶõģԽ࣬Խܹ˵ǵĹúãˮϵͳڵµģⶫĸ쵼Ըȥ
Ҵ󲿷ֵĵ¹ǿģ쵼Ҳˮ棬ȥǲʵ
Ŀǰԣûܹһĸ߲쵼
жЧȻԽˮûжȤˣⶫķʽ޴˵ﲻԼĿģǳֺõĹ
˵ˣһ굱ҲδؾܹΣȥҲ͹ȥˣֻҪˣûд⣬˷ӿؽӴĽˮ̵Ͷȣֻ˵ëë꣬ԴҶ⣬ѡӵġ
Ҷվ⿴һˮ˳Žֵݵĵطȥе
ȻĽɽеĵˮ̸¸죬뵽ҪͶʽԼпܻĸԣһʱ֮ҲûƢ
ĿǰĶɽУȷʵ߱еˮ̵ĸ
ҶûȥأһΪǸմиϻҶƣʱ·ڰȫһΪڴոûеΣʱ򣬱ϾЩ߷ڴˮϼ󣬲ŻȻ
ھ͹ȥĻʵϲûжôӰ쵽طϵĿԹС
˽ѾȸϹȥҶͲҪ̫ż
һҪٿһ³ί飬һĿǰĹص㣬ÿ˶ŵΪгְȨĶɽһҶûɰеĹһ˿
֪ͨǰ˵׼ʱᣬȵˣȴѾǿŵˡ
˼Ӱ·ϨˡһŶǸ
ҶһۣͷֺĿӶʪһЬҲˮεδģ֪·˶
Ϻα𼱣ºȿˮȷʵǺҲǸáҶҲû˵ĻùԱȲˮ˹ȥ
ллллˣ˿
ʵϣЩĶ磬ǸĺסñȽϽҲ˰˵ʮųڻ档
ȵҶˣҶ˿ֱ˵һ꣬ǳίǵ׼ʱ¼ˡ
ȷʵĺˣ̾͵ͷͬҸղȥתһȦȷʵȽأûˣҲ߲죬ųٵ˵ģشҶࡣ
ǰȷʵȽأ˵ⳡҲҪ죬ǵĳзѴ˺ܴĿ顣ּ֯ľͱʾ
˷׷ױʾͬȻͶԳˮ̱ʾ˷ǳĲ
гҲٵˣ֮˵ʵһʷ⣬ǰǽеʱҲûпǵЩ飬ڵ潨ˣµ鷴ǲˣһִʱ򣬳͸ˮһ
Թ̣滹ӦöͶһЩģҪȻĻÿôΣҲԲͱʾʵǳнһ̰壬ⲻһ⣬ٺãҲܹô⡣
ǰһ⡣Ҷͷ˵ȺС£ʵӰ쵽ѾǽȺˣԼһеǳ㣬ǳѿ
ҶгؽˮˣĺҶĻʱüͷһϴⰡ


887 Ϊ
ҶгؽˮˣĺҶĻʱüͷһϴⰡ
ĺҶĳ֣еġ
ΣһʮˣͳԼĶͷ˾һǵһץʮͷĺϣ϶ܲ˵ġ
һҶȥģҲڹ֪ʲôãĺܿûн̤ʵصĹɼ˵ʲôġ
Ǵʱһ꣬Ҷ͸ָӣǸǵģ϶ģϾҶίίƾɶͱҶ֧ʹøһ
ίǶηɾ˵˵Ҳû̲ģͶʽ࣬ҪҲ࣬һмϵҪҪѹĻûһʱ䣬⡣
ҵ˼ǽʼҪġҶʾȻ˵ڿ죬лҪһȵԣһЩˣҪʵȥܲǷⲻȥǵýƸһ쵼ɣ
Ҷг˵öԣµıּ֡֯ˣֻ̾ͬҪ˼벻£취ܱѶࡣҿһα꣬˸ǵĳɲ㣬ͬʱҲ¶ӦϵĲơܹǰһСʱԤ漰йĲͨȼʱӦԵĻҪںõöࡣ
ֲĽǶȲҲ˵Ҫһ㡣ҶͷŲΪûǻʶǺصģһŸˣӦóеһֵΣҪһƣȻֺȷһЩӦԤһˣҪʱж
ҶͶԳг˵һ䣬Σ㶽һ£ԸһµĻμΣ͸Ȼֺ⣬һ׷Ҫԣʵԡ
õġˣͷӦ
ȻҶĻΪȻϸһ룬ôһҲԼ԰弸˽ȥҲССá
⣬ݺӡҶ˵иϰߣעسбĽˣ¥ԽԽãȥ˳ڲССӵˮʩ裬ˮй㣬ƣӦӦȴԱ걾Ρ⣬һҪġ
гͲȽϸӣһ棬Ƿŷйءڹ̽Ŀ࣬ܶˮķΪȽǷŷţˮܵоĸ¥ͣ³ԭĲݵءˮ·̵ءʪءˮʧˣˮų90%ˮҪˮߡԭһֱ͸£ȴ͡ˮ赲оǹҶԳɵҪˮ׼һһ׼ǺܾǰƶģзչĹģѾӦ
ǰǺܶ࣬ǾⷢңкܴĲࡣ͸пǰҳι۷ʣⷽ⣬ͱ˵裬ˮϵͳĴкƣĿǰܳǧٶ๫ԶԶϵͳĹģģĿ⣬ƺ͹ҲΪܵˮڵʮףݺύܵҲ˶๦ʵϣ˱ǸЩΪЩʵʵڶΪеķչҪõġ
β˵ûǰȥձʱҲ˵ƵˣҲɵ£ˮϵͳԺƹܵϵͳΪˮվˮˮܣˮܺͺܵܳȳһǧڹܵɨάļ龮ʮƽÿʮ׾һ
ʵǵĿҲͣźйⷽ棬ЩҵȽǿѧϰģδؾʺǶɽСᵽ¶Ҷ̸ձͷʲôģͱʾҲҪϾͶˮĿ̺ʾ޴ڿ϶Ǹ㲻ġ
Ҷгкθ߼ľʵ
Щ˵УҶģûмˣֻǿǸλӣԼȨϣòһ¶ѡ
ʱҶȻ˵Ͱδؾʺ϶ɽУҵȻЩˡ
ȻҶги߼ǲ˵ôһ
Ҷ˿ˣͼͶԼּ֯ڣίǵ϶¶һЩΪȻıȻЩʸûаԼʲôķڷˡ
ҶԤϵģ˵ҲǺ
ǶɽȱˮԴĵ԰Щˮװ׵طߣʵǲġҶ˵ǿԱ任һ˼·йźΪˮˮЩˮԴΪǶɽеķչ
ףҶôһ˵˵жʱһ˵λг˵δûе
ɽмȻɽôˮԴ϶ͱȲƽԭô㣬Ǵ򾮣ҲܹˮɽϵȪˮԴḻԴҵˮǿԱ֤ģҶ˵ӶʡձǴȱˮ״֮еģܹЩˮԴڸƶɽеȻҲкܴĺô
Ҫ˵ЩˮԴũҵҪʲôġ
Ҷг˵⣬֪ʲôԽģľͱȽϸȤʵ
ǰҲעⷽ⡭ҶҲûֱӾ˵˵¹ĺǾͽˮĴ䴢о۽ͻΪһ壬ЧˮԴˮˮѹЧظ˳оܴۡĵµ⣬ˮڿԷӺǿĵˮüȱ֤Ѵˮͨʵˮĺáֱ¹ص˶еˮ㳡Լˮϵͳˮ㳡˳ƶ״С͸߶ȸͬˮɣˮؼƽʱеĹ㳡٣ͱһϵͳЩطƽʱΪʩ굽ʱͱɴˮռ䡣Ҳôģ֥ӸΪǹ˽ˮϵͳԽзˮ⡣ЩǿΪӡ
Ҷ뷨֮󣬲ɵ÷׷˼
һӣּ֯ľͱʾҶг뷨ҾʺǶɽеʵģǶɽеĳйԣҪˮϵͳӦò¶һʵˣڸǵˮ洦
ûҶ뷨Ҳ˼֪Լ࣬۽ƺҲһЩȻԸһ㣬ͷȴѩ޻Щʶġ
ǰ˵ˮǸĶΪ裬ˮԴȴӦøΪˡгҲ̬ˣҶг뷨Ϊǿеġ
˵˻֮󣬳ίҲ׷취Ч죬ʵãӦʵ
ȻҶÿУǱһ£Ȼ󱸰ɡҶˣЦŽ־


888 
һγίῪòҶȫƱͨ
Ȼֻһβ֪ʲôʱܹʼĹĿ룬ܹгίǵͬ⣬ҲѡȡĽǶȲʵҶڳίϵĵһξ˳β
ҶͰһ½ڵĹ
Ϊһչڸ鶼ȽˣһҪ⣬Сѧ϶żˣڰȫҲһֵǿ顣
ڼΪȼ̻ը˲ͬѧҳǵ⣬ΪӾɵ¹ʡ
ȥڼ䣬ͷѧΪ͵͵ȥˮӾˮ飬Ȼϵͳ·ڰȫ֪ͨ飬ȻǴڵġͶԴ˵ҳܵΣ¶ļʺܴ󡣡
г˵ǱȽͻģȫ꽲궼¹ʣǼƻȫһӾݺˮİȫδȻ
飬ǰһֱλͬ־ģҶʵ
гֹܽϵͳش
Ǿɺβίһ£ɹͽϵͳϸһڵ̨̺;ϵͳһ£Ӿݺˮ⣬ҪǡҶ˵ţ˵пܻԼȥ߿
á֮󣬵˵ͷ
Ҿ;Ҷ˵ĻҲ֪Ǽ٣鱾Բ¶ҶľҪȥ߿ĻŸſ϶ģϾһ©ҶץţǾͲ˵ˡ
ƺҶг˶ɽ֮󣬻ûʽʼѻء
˭ҲԸⴥҶùͷɰӴ
һ飬Ϊⳡ꣬Ǳ߶ˣڸг˽ͬ־ѾҹϹȥˡҶ˵Ҫͨһ¡
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ıȷʵһЩͳˣҪƵ͵öءּ֯ľ˵ֻǲ֪һصΣ
ΪʱȽˣԾǺڲбȽϸͨˣֻϾѾ񷿱壬ǻûнӵԱϢҶͻش
Ͼ񷿿г֮ɫЩÿصĺܶཨǶˮһֲ˺ôȥҲ֪ϵȥ֮ˣ
˵ҶҲǺ̤ʵϾһβ¶ֱذĳȻǰζţǱ߶񷿽ȷʵȽϲĻҲʯǰôٲüȫû
ɫҶ;Լصƣеֹۡ
СһȥؿҶ룬ͱʾ
гˣҪ˵ʲôˣҲãҶгְȥ˴һЩ
ĺˣеüͷҲû˵ʲô
ǵ˼ػе⣿Ҷ˼ǱȽеģ̾Ͳֳе졣
Ǿ˾ȫ˵ˣҶгصȽϴɽ˲øǽҪʲô飬Ǿ˵壬ҿ˸гһ˹ȥδؾܹסǡ
ҸùȥˡҶ˾˵Ȼһ£ͶԹȫ˵ɣ˾һŵսʿæЩʹȥΣ
װѺˣȫ֮üë
ţʱڣҵĻֺҪ֧ԮһˡҶͷ
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УȸʡкҲһЩҶ˵
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Ҷѵ绰˹ȫ壬ʾ˾Ҫͨ
ȫ˵绰֮ЩؿҶһۣȻ˵˾ǵľֹǳָ֧֣ʾҿԵεĶæ֡
Ҷлһ£Ȼ˾ǹ˼ΣǾôʹǾһ¶ˣҲǲԸƸ̫ˣϾص⣬Ҳûôء
˼ʮѵصսʿԽ֣̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ӵܱ͵ŽֹΣǷ֮¡ȫʾ
˻֮ҶͻصԼİ칫С
ڷһЩ¶ѽһЩļ뵵ľҶİͷ
쵼ղּ֯ͬ־ң˵ѾʵˡҶ˵
ţ¶֪֮ǰһ£ˣͷԸһƾ¶ˡҶˣ͵ͷʾ
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ʵ쵼ˣҪֳһЩҪһľ룬ҪеǳͬʱҲֹܵĹֹ̲࣬
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ŶѾˡ˵ȥӦûʲô¶һЩΨһֵעģʡ·һļʾҪԸеĳлգΪ׼
¶Ҷ˳ַǷݶļ۾ӵһ߶ȥݸ֪ͨ֯ὲһ£Ȼ·λ
˵֮óǷݶļǩ֣ע˴
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šҶͷͬˡ
һʱ䣬ı궼ûͣžԺͩҶӣǧٿףһصĿ֦ҶȥһƬ龰
ˮ˳Ź˳ȥˮͬСϪһ㡣
ҶмʱɡȥתһȦͷ־ĶԱ֮󣬸λ϶Աˡ
һЩҪĵط˻ˮ֮󣬾ˮЭͬ˴ʵˮʲôģʼͻͻͻسˮڸıٻĵطеؽֵŻٽųʼ١
֮ܶڶɽеڣСˮͨˣеĻˮ̾͵õ˷ǳЧĴˮûŲӵڵõЧĻ⡣
ֻǸյ˰ʱ֣ٵĵ绰ʹҶ칫
Ҷг߶ˣ绰Уг˽ѵԵЩţȻǱ߶⡣
ˣҶˣҲһ
ɵ˽ѹȥǵĻֱȽϴ˴ãȴû뵽⻹ûгŹһ죬˽Ѿʹ˲õϢ
ҶУʱЩ


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ˣҶˣҲһ
ɵ˽ѹȥǵĻֱȽϴ˴ãȴû뵽⻹ûгŹһ죬˽Ѿʹ˲õϢ
ҶУʱЩ
ûˣֻ˵ģѾȥҽԺˡ˽ڵ绰лش
û˾ͺáҶһʱĲ١
ʵȻֺֻҪǲִģ¹ʣͲ󣬱ϾȻֺЩ޷Ԥϵ飬Ϊסլ̫ֳʱ䴦ڱȽΣյλ˹ʣ·ĻǻΪ˸ġ
쵼϶ܲˣҶΪɽеĴгҲҪһЩǣġ
ڵ˽˵ûˣֻ˼ҪҶ뵽öˡ
Ÿѵ⡣˽ڵ绰˵صλϣΪɽˮŰʯ˻£γһģСǷ֮󣬹һ£ⶫҪͻȻ忪ĻصĶᱻϯһգسҲ⵽ǳĳ
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һ˵ϣƺûж˽⡣
ǰҶ˵绰еż
νָΪɽʯҶӹȡӴˮһ̶Ⱥ󣬱γɵĺͨǵ𡢷֡ɽȻԭɡ
ҲΪγɵ˵Ϊɽ屬ơھԭɵġ
γɣͨǲȶĵ״ɣܵˢʴܽ⡢ãӣջΪ崦ڼ״ݱ̶˲䷢ɽ鱩ĺ֣εŻƻ
˵غΣգˣʱЩԾʵ
ǰǳΣգҶеסˣӦ̶ϸȥһǸĹģԼΧĻһȽϺγɺļڣϵԭĺע봢ˮۻ̵ˮһĻˮʯɽʯεɷǳĳ
ҶȦһӵٵˣȥֳ
ܵȳ˷ɣָָ˵
ٳ԰ɣҶһº˵΢СһЩ·ϵܼҲһЩڳߵǰϵûʲôģʱɫţҲԹ۲һ¾δá
õģ֪ͨǡͷش
ȥ֮Ҷǣί鳤ų鳤ɽ˵绰ʾţԼ̾ͶȥǸü飬ش֪ͨԼ
˵绰ʾѾѳӸ׼ˡ
٣𣿡ѯʵ
ţһøϵһ£ҪĻ֧ԮһЩըҩˡҶͷش
ǿôҪըҩʲôЩ
庰ǱȽϼҲûü˵ʲôֻ˵ҶҪȥأǱ߶ʲô飬ֻΪǺˡ
Ǳ߶Ѿγ˵ȽأҪĻųʹըҩбƵĿԡҶ򵥵ؽ͵
ӸտȥֶʮӣҶĵ绰
ãҶҶ˵绰˵
Ҷ˵Ǳ߶ȽΣգͲҪȥ˰ɣ绰塣
¶Ҳ֪ˣҶ˶ʱЩԾͷͿһۡ
СĻô֪Ҫȥأ
¶Ҳ˵ϾϵĵҲأҶȫ¶ҶѽϾҶҶ̳ˣϵش
ģҾǲ鿴һµΣжһӦδ⣬̫ΣյҲȥҶ˵ҲëͷСˣػ
㲻ȥֳˣس棬ֱȥһµ˵
ֱǲ÷ɰɣҶ֮󣬵Ҳûзԡ
ȫսֱҲûеġ˵Ϊʹ򲻳̣ǺܻƵɣ
Ҷ˵ͷΪ˵Ҳе
ʵϣȥǱ߶ҪǶЩΣ״̬µĴǾǨڴ⣬Ӧڵڶλˡ
ĿǰƣǺģǱ߶ȻѾγˣôΣǾ޴ģϵؽĴǶԱ뿪԰
Щ˲ô˵ģԱ㹻ݵֹһʲôͻҶ׼ǰء
˵ˣò
ϾⷽкܶྭḻרңǰֳһҪԼȥ˵óĽҲӿ͹һЩ
·ϱȽ˳ȵҶǵس֮󣬻룬˽Ϣ͸˹
ϵˣҶյ˽ѵ֣ͷֵ˽ѵ۾涼ǺѪ˿Ȼ˹ˡ
۵ûɶؼҪʱѴΣ֮еȺڸתƳ˽Ѿ˵
ڵôˣҶʵ
ؼǸ⡣˽ѾЩǵػشʯɽ廬ºɽסˣˮλŸ߳˵һٶףһﳤٶ׿ӡ
ô󰡡Ҷ֮ҲеԾⶥһģСˮˡ
Ҷ̾һ£˵Ҳ׵Ļˮ˵ĵĲǱ⣬ɽıϪСӵˮڷ׷׼е档
һˮ˼ޣôĿԣǰٷ֮١
ǰһĹɣҲֻʱ䣬ڱ뽫Σ֮еȺڣתƳҶһ֮̾˾
˽֮ͱʾ֧֣ϵͳܹԱܿһЩЩίĹԱҲӦùˡ
ϵѾо˾巽Ҷʵ
Ǳ߶ĴӱȽɢһʮ˿Ӧǧˡ˽Ѿ˵Ѿгٶ䷿ݿʵϴ涼еģǵĹüʱһӦǱȽ˵ġΨһ⣬Щ˼סĿһЩǾüʯҲӰ첻ǣδؾͿϰߡ
ȷʵ鷳¶ȵðѸɲǵ˼ͳһСҶҲ֪ЩǵУһЩ᲻ҵģҪķӵأ治һ׵顣
㹤Ѵˣʮ죬ҪǲԸ⣬Ҳ˵ǵġ
˵Ȼоʹ¡¡


890 µķ
ֱɻ˽һ̧ͷͿ˲Զɹֱɻɵþһ
ɽɽӶ࣬ԵпֱɻĻᲢǺܶ࣬Ͼֱɻɽռƣʺƽԭشʹá
ҶҲ˳ԴһۣȻһܴװֱڿţȻѰҽ䳡
һӣƼСˣֱҲô͸Ϲ
ǾɹģǽӴһ¡ҶͶԵ˽˵
˼ӣֱǰĿյͣ
ȵ֮ͣ󣬻յŴ򿪣Ȼ塢ŷװľٴ䵽˵ϡ
̾ӭȥԷӴһ£ȻҶǰ
׳ܲ鱨УǰָʾӵľҶһ񣬴˵
ãͬ־ǷܹɵǱ߶ҶͷΪȻѯʵ
û⡣̾ͻشղǲ鿴˸ƲпɣȥʲǵȵɫһЩܾͲˡ
ֱҹǲԣֻǷվ͸߶ˣǻڵθӵʱǼðΣڷС
ãǾȥҶˣ̾ͱʾ
ˣ̾ͱʾ˲ͬ٣ʺϷɻרҾ㹻ˡ
ˣǲۿҲû취潻Ҷҡҡͷ
Ȼ֪ȫΣΣϽȫĹؼʱ̣Ȼܹѡ⣬ҪһȥС
߶ǲ֪Ҳˣ߶ǰͳ⣬˱Ƚص֣Ҷ֮Ļ˵˵ȥġ
ҶѶҲûʲô취ֻøֱһԱСһЩҪЩΣյĶԣҪʲôġ
Ա˵ͷʵϣзбһЩգؼľҰܵ˺ܴӰ죬оҶƬײҲܴһЩΣա
ʱװֱҶԳ൱ǿȵĵƬĳ൱ʵˡ
ֻɽУͻȻɽ磬ᵼֱ״̬ȣҪҲѡʱС
ֱܿҶ濴ȥͼ˽ѵ˶ŲӿǣȻеĵġ
ڴҵĸоУзоΣյģҶҶгô֣ҲΪصϰǣϧΣˡ
ֱܿһĸ߶ȣ߶ȥ̫ѾҪɽˡ
аСʱʱ䡣Ա˵
ַɻӦк豸İɣҶʵ
ǵģ׳ǸܵУ̾ͱʾ֮ǰѾ˳ֵ׼к豸кң豸Զɽһɷֵ˽⣬ҲЯ˲־ġ
лˣæӣܲΪ빦Ҷˣ͵ͷ
ðУ˵شɽأ˵ܿɹˣ⼸ðΣչæģ˳飬ҶΪһȹⲻǺܴ
л׳ģӦ顣֮󣬾ͻش
Ҷͷֱγĵʮ֮󣬾Ϳ˵γɵһСͬһ澵ڵϡ
СģС˰ҶӿпȥȻûһ׼ȷĲֻɽľ֮ĶԱȣܹܵ½γɵĹģȷʵѾǳˣҪȵ˽֮ǰ㱨һЩ
ԣˮλˣҲʮ֮һҡ
ٶȷչȥĻǲġ
ֱɻ棬ļרҲѼݣзֶ̽Բߡ
׳ֹۣһרҸ֮ܽ󣬺ܾͱضҶ˵ṩǵѾ˺ܶ࣬ҸݺңвõݣɽȻι̣ˮλǵĻųӵķա
жʱ䣿Ҷüͷĵѯʵ
ֻʱ䣬صĻһ죡רһشҪƶˡ
صɽʣԶǱȽϼӲģ˵ҲûʼǸȺͷϵһը̽УҶͷ˵
ֱͨѶ豸Ҷ̾͸ѾϵľСȡϵϵ˽ѣͬصĹԱչж
Ҷ˵һɢӴܱߵľ񵽰ȫٴηʯΣ֮Ǩ塣ڶ׼ԱƷʽй飬ⷢӶµĺ֡й֮󣬱ֳԵ迣ӵؽҪĵ̷뵲ǽٴβĻᡣ
Щ֮Ҷ˾ͳֱѾѼĸϣʼ׼
ֻڷ֮ǰҶ͸˵ǹ۲һɽǷɽڲйĿԣ
ӷɻ濴úͨʽйĻ;ʮӣ϶ȫĵܹɽһչƵĻҪһЩЩܹԱ
Ͼ漰ǧתƣǧͥؽضһصĸڶɽҲǷǳġ
֮һȻᣬҶҲǻ᳢һµġ
ǲסȻô˵һ䣬÷ԱΧַһȦɽѰҺʵıƵ㡣
סҶܿͷ⣬ҪһˮƺԸĵ
һҪˮм䱻һСɽסˣ˵ڵĳڸסô򣬾ͻһɺӵйȥˮ
ǿһɺӵͨǷԿҶָ̾ʾ
ֱǰͷһζͿɺӵǰңͨһĺ;вûзʲô˼Ҿס
·̾ͰѱҶҲγ˳뷨߶ٽеˮ
ܹ˳⣬ôʱͲ֪вˡ
ʵϣܶγ֮ûˮɽ帺ɵĻһǾʵҲһȴΪʤء
ǰģСضԣһȻγɵˮ⣬ܹųӷյĻȷʵصһ
Ȼˣ˵飬еΪʱ硣
ҪĹǺɾɺӵͨУȻǼˮ֤ξǵƲȫ
Ҷã⣬ЩҲӦ¾ӣطչˡ
ϾⶫȻüֵȴʼһ֪᲻ģ
ڻس̵ʱҶͷֵһǰţƺ̧һʲôģЩ


891 Ҫ
Ӻֱͣǰͷ״
̧ŵܵ˴ʮȻҲܺΪʲôͻȻһֱֻŸ·һ·ǰͷߣһֱֱ߶
ϸ磬ʲô¶ˣӭȥЩ˵еһλ곤ѯʵ
ӣѲ곤߿һۣЩ˵
ԭҪͲȥԺ߶ʮ·棬ҲʵĽͨߣֻʮС̧ߡ
һ̰ɣӵ顣Ҷͱʾ
ǣ곤Щʵ
һͣеȻɵЩɣһзɣȻеĽǾ뿪˵棬治̤ʵ
ȷʵȽΣҲʲôˣְ˽ŵؽֱ̧Ȼ˼
ֻǻмֱеסԾˡ
ҶͶ˵ȥԺǸϽȥ֪ͨɣѾ֯˹ӣԱҹǨϽȥҪȻ뿪س߶ߣ˻Ӧǵġ
ǨΪʲôˣȻ֪ʲô顣
Ҷ򵥵˵˼䣬Ϊɽ鱩ɽˣɽϳһܴܴĺһɽ屻ˣͰʮӶˣ֪͸ǸһǸأ
ЩţҶ˵ɵϣǾܿǶˡ
ôһ˵ղǼԸֱ˾еסˣ׷ױʾҪȥ
ҶȻûʲôʵִ͵װֱٶװȫûѹģǾͰʣµҲϣȻա
ȥ֮󣬾ͿϵľڱСŴǾͿɽϵľ޴ĺ
ûǱ߶ɽʯסĵطһˮĻˮͻ˳ɽȳεĴȫߡҶָָض˵
찡
ôһ
˼ˣʱסˣֻۿⶫʱ򣬲Żоľ޴Σա
ֱ֮ԺĿյͣǽְ˽ŵ̧˽ȥžʮ˶˳ʾҪش֪ͨʰҪĶϽӳ
˹ҲҪϵˣǻ֯ͳһĳ빤ʱҷƷʲôģҪǵİţҪңʱ̾ͿġҶ˵
ʱ򣬴ҵ涼ˣϾڿпǸ޴֮˭Ҳ޷ΨһԸǸϽżΣյĵط
Ҳá˷׷ܣҶͶ˵ҪģеʱԷҪȥԱ׶ˡ
ˣ͵˵ͷҲ취
Ѹ㣬ܴһԭǴǵĲɵģڴԼΣգôҪ̫ĹǾͻ׷׳ˡ
ôһֻҪǰһȫĵطʱסұ֤ҪƷͿˣĿһһ
Ҷǻص߶ʱ򣬵˽ָӲ氲Ÿ飬СҲˣʮǧЩ֧ĻҪʮӵ˰ҲǺѵ顣
ʵϣЩ˵УкܴһڸضͶġ
ڲ³ֻҪʮ·ת֮ǰͲٵʲôˡ˽ѶҶ˵
Ҷͷȷʵеȡᡣ
һַǳΪѵľأһķȻҪȰѴǨߣȻըĻˮйȻôǷأʧǺء
һַά״ô׵ضӣΪһɽϵˮⱣôзյģ˭Ҳ֪Ǹͷϵܹάֶã
ǲԺôҪģըҩһСĺĵӿĻˮ
ȽϸӣҪϼ㱨Ҷ룬;ȷʵġ
Ȼ˵ԼҲ飬ǿǵأ𼶻㱨ΪãʡҪ֪ģǱ߶Ҳû㱨ȥ
˽ѶҶľȻֵ֧ġ
ʵ֤ҶǶԵģͲЩܻȥ֮̾ڴ濪ʼ˵ɽϵǸжôΣգһʮʮ٣ܶӵ˶֪ˣҷ׷״ʼس߶롣
Ȼ˵ʮӣǾ붼ǺԶҴҵݺܶ࣬ڿഫ̶֪ˡ
ȵ֯Ĺӿȥ֮󣬾Ϳ׼飬ǵĹʱ࣬޷ǾǰŴָ㷽ĸѣͬʱߣôҲҪΪʳסеⷢ
õҶĻ㱨֮ʡ쵼γ߶ӣ̾ͬҶĹ룬ȰϰոȻ⡣
Ϊˣʡر𲦸һǧľֿؿչ
飬ҶеЩ⣬ʵҲûܴʡҪʲôʵԵԮϾ¡ڿܲ˳ۡ
õҶĻ㱨֮Ҳ˺ܴĹעʾᾡˮ͵רҸأʵز鿴Ȼо
ôһҶϵĵӶʱ˲٣ֻҪЩǣ˳˳Ϳˡ
æµ˼һϣ˿ʱ򣬲ͣһЩ
ɽϻеģҶ˸£Ϳڳ˸
ԺҲ֪˶ã£ˡ
ôˣҶԼе֮һ紵ݶģеľ
٣ˮʼˣܽɫŵض˵
ҶҲеżܡ
ʱɫѾʮˡ
ܳһͼسɽϣѾѡ˺ܶΪƽҰȫĵطӪկˣǧ
߶ۿȥͼѾʼ緹ˡ
ȻûмС٣Ҷе硣
վרҵĻ˵ôҲ̫ԶˣڱҪó
ô죿Ҷ顣
רһӣ͸Ҷ˵ڿֻȶסεĺĵЧġ
ҲֻˡҶ֮󣬾͵ͷͬ
ֻ˵ףͺˡ
Ҫһɽ廬£ҲҪŪüըҩܹõ
Ҳ˵ôըҩô˹ȥǴײʲôģҪķѲʱ䣬ȥӲʱѾ˲ٵĵͼʱǿõˡ
²˳٣ǵץʱˣҶ˵
һ̣ȻԼϣǧ˵ȫ


892 оѻ
֧Ԯڵˣ˴ľʣͬʱҲµֱ
СֱÿֻܳԱǴɣײٿأֻҪһ˾ͿԺܼؽвȿĦгǿ˶١
ҶСֱȽϸȤΪ͸ȫʽҲ˵˻ͷһСװ˸Ǳķ涼Կú
ִӹСֱʺϽ־ʲôģΪСӦٿҲáķԱҶһ¡
ⶫãҪԼܿĻҪˣȥ෽㡣Ҷ֮󣬾е̾
ʵⶫҲ󣬱һܳˣҶĺԽҰһԶСֱüܵļ۸ˡ
ǰҲܺÿһԱ͸Ҷָһ£Ρ
ܼ򵥰Ҷ۵
򶼼򵥣Ҫ鼼ˡһԱʾ
˽Ա߶ҲЩȣȴ˵ⶫûдôܲܿⶫɰɣ˵ˣҪʡ߶ϷɣҲһܱ׼
⵹ģҪģ㲻ܸ˼Ҷͷͬ
ڵĿ򣬻϶Ǿܵģϵͳֻռ˺СһԿչܾܹϽķΧСǾķɻеĻȽɣҪһƬж񺽿չַܾṩһݣ񺽵Ŀͻ飬ͱл߸ı亽ˡ
ǰΪķɻҪɵĻҲҪ񺽿չֱܾõɣʵһִʶ
ҶܹõɣôСɻܣҲʲô⡣
ֻҶǸоڵϻᰲȫһЩϿ𳵡
žĽ룬ôֱ˼ըҩɽѾԤλϰװ˴ըҩԽһɽͷըסڣúӵı
ʱСֱҪɣȥһȻָϽ𱬡
ҶҪڿпһ𱬵еһֱ
ЩΣΪСֱҲֻȥˣҶռһλãԱռһλãûжλˡ
ãǾķɻԱҲߵģСֱܺܺãҲûдɵ̫ߣϾŵʮ״УӦûʲô⡣
ֱܿˣҶŹĹҵķзͷŷԱǰݷɻǸȤɵþͶ࿴ۡ
ʵⶫܺÿ㿴Ʒ򡭡ԱǰͷҶ㽲ţǾ˿УȻҪбƵĵط˹ȥ
ʱ͵˵طɽͷһͣȻߣ΢˼ס
Ҷ˵ϵ֮󣬾´𱬣
ʮ֮󣬵һƺɻҲܹܵһĸоҶעӵУСɽƵĹһкȥӵסˡ
ıƼҶ»ص𱬵ϿգתȦҶЦŶԷԱ˵
ϵıƸֺܶģëëꡣԱƺǼ飬ЩΪȻػشǿһºӵ֮Чɡ
ת˸ڿлһȦӣת˺ϷӿпȥͿԿˮѾٽǴɽһ࿪ʼӿȥ
ĵˣҶ˾˵һ
Ȼ˵һϵĶԱ֮󣬴󲿷ִǶ뿪˴ӣǱϾٲ᲻ü̳̳޹ޣܻȥˡ
ںĵֱСˣתĻǰҪܹ˳һ֮󣬴ǨԭַҲʲô⡣
֮ǵˮλһЩҶ¶ɵýĿתѾ˺󷽵
ôһȴһ
һֱĲ󷽣Ȼһڶǹ׼ȻΪû̫ԭ򣬲ûзĸоɱѾֱƹҶһֱ˵ΣС
㿪ǼܷɻϵҪǹҶƴĴǰķԱ
ǰķԱѹû뵽飬ҶĻʱЩ㶣Ťͷȥʱ򣬾ͼϰ׵λϣǼͬʻֱϣһǹܣžͿһ
ֱʧˣٶ׸ߵĸ߶ȿʼ׹ȥȻٶȲǺܿ죬Ѿֳҵľ档
Էֱһ֣ҲٿѸٵطˡ
ҶѪǰķԱİԴûˣװ׺Ľû涼ǣ谭ߣɻҲʧٵ״̬ʼڿҷͷӬһ׹䡣
ҶʱҲ˲ʲôһѽǰѾĲķԱƵһԣ˫ץסݸ˶շԱղŽ̸Ҫ죬ס򣬿ʼ
ֻʱΪղѪ谭ҶԼҲǰΣֻϣȰѷɻ
ֱƺָֻ״̬ȶҶԱ߶Ա·ϣëӸ˺Ȼ̽ȥһ£ڿľ
ҷһֱ֮ѾȺɽһƬϿմת
ô죿ҶʶԼ޷ƷɻģֱȻп׹䡣
žӦòʮ׵ĸ߶ȣ˾٣ȡнֵ赲˺͵С
Ȼ˵ҲѡУұ֤Լ䵽֮ǷܹʱӻӳǲܾͻᱻҲұ֤Լܹ˳ɵϿգڵƬ֣Ӧþõ½㡣
ҶСĵؼ٣ֱôĻϾҲҪôŷϽҪ졣
΢һ٣ɻҪ׹Ҷòٶ
˼֮ںһˣٲἱ׹ˣҶСĵزֱӽһƬǳŨ֣ܵȻŽ͸߶ȡ
Ǿʱ򣬷ɻĻȻˡεεΡľҶͿ֪ʲôǱ˺ɫĹâ
ʲôҶɵЩɣҲʲôֻ֪˱Ӧòʲô¶
ѵûˣҶȻʶһǳص⡣
ȻҶоʧȥȻ˵ֱٶڽȴӿ׹ٶȣֻҪ¥ʱǿһЩѣһͷײ˲֪ٿôϣȻڸתеľײҲҵţ洩ţһͷײ˲֪ʲôͣ
ΰ£Ҷ;ԼԴҲ֪ʲôϣյ͸ͱײˣҲҪҶӦô򿪡
ֻԼеͷǵģһھͻ˹ȥ


893 
سֵصǣȻ֪߶ʲô顣
ɽͷִбĹǣͷⲻԾˡ
еֱһܺȻʧˣ֪䵽ʲôطһǲ֪ȥɽˣ˾޷⡣
̾ͨѶĸسĴ׳ϵ˵˿з
ʲô׳ˣʱЩԾ
Ȼܵʱʲô飬ֱĿĵӦسǲŶԣһܳ⣬ôһҲӦüǺ˳µص㣬Ȼٸϻţ˵ֱȥˣܲܲܲ˵Լܵ
ⲻѧ
׳̾Ͳе⣬˵Ҳڷɻϵʱɫʱˡ
Ͽ磬Ǽܷ˵ֱ׳ŷԸͬʱͽϼ˻㱨
ʱָͨӻֱɻеһߣһƫ˺Ȼˡ
Сʱ֮һװֱͿ˹ɽϷתһȦȻŷɻسǡ
һУӷɻֱӾҵ˽еǡ
ôʵ
У˸Ȼ˵ɽ̫ˣ𽥱ܼȺܵͣûзʲôˤȥˡ
ô죿ֻץͷ
ΪҶļ٣һҶ飬鷳ʹˡ
ʾҲżУǲͣȻ֪µλãֻܽɽˣһˣʮʮСʱؼģ
Աԣǰڵȿ˵ֶ룬һѵʱ䣬ܹ͹ҲиصĴ˺ͺ֢²С
𼱣Һ˵ֱ棬жλװã֪Ƿܹ׹ص㡭λУһ¾˵
ǻʲôˣ۾һ̾ʹߴٵ
ϵһϼУ˵ͷȻͿʼϵϼ
Ҳ̾ͽ߶˻㱨
ֱϵĶλδؾܹãҶжλġ֮󣬳Ĭһ¾͸˵װþĳ棬ȥһ¡
Ȼ˵Ҷ׹λãҵ
֮̾øʾѳȻε²жһ̨һĽһһ߼ʾп̶ʾһϵ˸Ĺ㣬Ҷڵλá
ʾⶫܹΧڰ֮ڡ
ⶫͺðˣУһ˷ܵˣҲаշɵɽȥ˹ȥʮˣʼ
Ǿ͸Ͻɣʱ䲻ˣ̱ʾϾ豸
ʮӺ󣬳ɸѡʮֱսʿͳֱŶλԼǼˣһգɽ˹ȥ
ɫܿͺֱ˺ҹ豸ִ˴ƣùڵɨš
УͬʱŶλװϵʾǸһؽӽģ̵ס
ͣٽӽ˶һѺ
ٽӽ׵ľʱͻȻĻϵĹʧˣ
ô¶˶Ǵʧɫ֪Ƿʲô顣
ôģҲǲ֪롣
ҪôǽˣҪôǶλˡУĥһ£Ҳֻǲ²Ѿ֮ڵľˣھȥɣҴӺֵͲһĿ̴꣬Ϻӣ
˵ͷֱʼ½Ÿղŵķλƽ˰ףʮ׸ߵĵطͣ˵˷׷״ӵ滬ȥ䵽˵ϡ
ֱһλȻ˾ͿʼŹķλһӫ⾯˽ޣȻʹֵǰȥ
ΪҲŵĵطֱֻԭ·ء
ʱֿʼˣܼȷǳͣټϺҹ֮ζ˵ֵĹڰҹ֮ҡҷţʮ֮ûʲôЧˡ
˵طҲǺܴ󣬲ǰ֮ڵķΧʲôģ׼һ򣬵ǴȥûҵʲôɵЩ֡
ô¶˵Ӧд󰡣˶еЩ⡣
ѵĵشų⣿롣
ôľ룬شų⣬ҲӰ첻ȥУϵҡҡͷ
רѧ֪ⷽʶģȻô¶ֻһСʱˣҲûпӰڶɢųȥٸӫϲʲô©ˣȴûзֱټаŶˡ
¶ˡ˶ϱܷḻģֻɽ̫ŨңҰӰǺܴġ
˵˵ǸʲôżΧ˿ʼо
ѵΪĶλ׹ˣ˺ͷɻĵطʡ
Բ󡣡У̾ͷ
λװҶϵģ˵ܴӿĻҲǸһ˵Ƕλȴĵط
ֱսٶȲûô죬׹ʱϵĶ浯ˣֱǰ˹ȥҲ̫ԶˣԶҲ֮⡣
תתȥȻ˽һ
Ӵ
ôˣ
ˤһӡ
û¶ɣ
û¶ѽѪˡ
ʲôˣȰһ°ɡ
ףǷ
ҵˣ
ڸʿ̶Χ˹
ֵͲĹ߾۵һ𣬾Ϳ˵кܶѵķƬµ֣һ֪Ǹ˵֡
ӦþˣôҲأ˸һ֮󣬾ͿʼΧֵչȥȴ˿ûзʲô״
ϣȻиȽ˹ȴǴͷϴġ
ǵֵͲ˹ȥͼһֱжʮ׸ߣ˴֦м䡣
ǾܽĿⶫ
ҴʱҵǿֵͲ۵һǼʻյʱ򣬾Ϳһλˣؿ棬ͷҲˣѪۡ
ҵˣ̾˿ʼӡ
Χʼ߶ۼ
٣˹Ϳ˹ϵֱ棬һѪ۵Ҷ
죬ҸϽ취ˣУͷϵֱҲɵóһ
˭û뵽Ϊ̫ܼˣֱȻûˤȻ档
ҲҺˣķɻ׹أҶɾûʲô·ˡ
˵лĺм׷ȥô֮ҺȻ̽˻УҶϵİȫ⿪Сĵ÷ס˺קסؽȥ
ˣһ˸ϽҶ̧ţط
У̷Ըһ
ܷ㣬̾ʹӦҲȥеľҽҶ̧˽ȥ̿ʼϡ
Ͻϵ˵ҵˣţھΣ̾Ա߶ͨѶĵ˵


894 Ҷɱ
Ҷ۾ʱһȺΧһ
ʾǣкüλֱװľ٣Χ濴¶ر飬Ա
һãǵסҵֻźˡҶ龰ɵ˳˵
ˣϽƲƲҲֻһ˸ߣ׼ѣмյӦƣС
ʵ٣оô
ĵľҶ˽֮Ҫ򾩳Ǳ߶㱨ģϾҶһϮǴ¡
һھи˴ܣһȺ˸ˣһη飬ʸأҲ֪鵽˭ͷȥ
šԴû⣬첲ҲܶȽҲû⣬ŤˡҶŻһ壬óԴе֮⣬ĵطƺ޴󰭣ܾе𵴣ҪϢա
ʵϣʱ¶ʱײǺǿңҶڿռֱȽϴĻҶȫԽƣ޶ȵرܿײ
ĻҲʲô⣬ǲƵƤԼʹˡ
Сֱ漸ˣҺ·ͷҲʹж󷽱㣬ټϱȫţûʲôռ䣬ײʱҶܣֻ沨
ôһȻϲû̫ܵ˺еġ
ҶҽƲ࣬ŷ˸ϵ˵Ƿġ
ˣҳ¶жˣҶЪһʵ
ĸСʱˡ˵ǰȻֱΪƹ󣬵ïܣһֱûз٣˵жλŴĿ꣬ǺλźʧˣԵЩʱ䡣ңҲû뵽Ȼˡ
ĸСʱˡҶ룬û̫ĸо
տʼһӣһֻȥˣĸСʱֻǾЩˡ
ͷײһʧ˵ѪҪѪǶϢһɡҽ˵
ڼˣҶʵ
賿һˣǴӪҺȺȵ𣿡ʵ
ҪȵˣڶտյġҶ˵ͷ
ʱ򣬻ûгټôһڣֱ˺þãֶûзѾʼá
Ҵ˸ɽˣŪˮյĻ׸з纮ôһҽԼҩȡ˸ɽвʲôģǷĶ
Ǿ͸ϽŪɡУ˹ӹ˶̾ȥˮˡ
Ҷ˵ӪҺůҲˣ˶񣬾Ͷ˵¶֣ǼֱˣһҪʲô·
٣ʱ׷ʲô飬ԱԴƵˣ飬ʵ
ʱһֱУͻȻþѻǹǣԱӦֱӱȻֱʧأǿס˿Ƹˣ˽٣ȽϲǼأɻƲסҶش
֮̾ͽȥ
һӣպˣҶһЩоϷʪ·Ѿѵ˹˸ëһͱˮʪˣϵĸоͺࡣ
һëҶͳ˯˹ȥ
ȵҶһ۾ʱѾǴʮˡ
ѵõֱַͣɹһΣ˵ʲôģḻҽ
ǸҶһ壬ͷֳŤ֮⣬ԺԲƣһϵϢҶľ״̬Ҳࡣ
ҽҶ˻ָĦ֮ҶĸоɶˣλĽҲ˹ѾԻˣֻҽ˶
ΪҶܻȻҲֱܳ뿪Լ˾õ̧дһͨһֱ̧˳
⼸ʮɽ·ȴôߵģһյأֱŰҶ˽ȥ
ȵس֮ҶͷѾ䱸ɭϣȫװʿ䣬ҶҲûȥҽԺǻصдȽϿһԺ棬
ʱԺӾͱ
ȻͿȻֵ塣
尡һ˶Ҷ壬ԼҲ÷ǳ
Ҳ֪ô¶һֱڼֲиشɱʹõֶ伫һβͱǸóѡ
ҶڿɻȽϸȤԱеĵ֪ʶĻһҪϵˤˡ
һΣǲ鵽Էˡ忴Ҷ˵ֵ֪ʶͨɫϼǲʮ꣬ԭǾеĿ췴ӵһУǰ;Զ֮ǰͻȻ˾ְˡ
ѵ˵ǲʹģҶ˾ʵ
ǲԭʲôϸ֮ͷ֣ϳ¼ҵĳ½òоŷơ˵ٲȥ֮ôţ
ѵ˵ǲǳ½˽ӣϳ¼ұţҶȻԴȻЩģȴһȽȷжϡ
ͷǲصúϳ¼ҲûеȨȥһֱûзĴڣҲΪһε飬ԼȻǵע⣬һ֮£Ρ
˵ʲôأҶ۾˵ǻץס½İѱϾǲˣΪҲ޷ָͳ½֮Ĺϵ
ǲô˵Ѿ˳½Ҳ֪ûʲôƿɴˡ˵˵ǲһҪܵ˼δɱйϵǲܷڹңڡ
飬㲻Ҫ֡Ҷ룬ȴҡͷ˵ֻҪṩϸ鱨Ϳˣҿ˳棬Ӷɱȥ㶨顣
г𲻱ǲǾΪνۻۣݲаĴȱĻΪһ߼ԱܹⷽȻ¶ġ
½ĻָӡһӣҶȻ˵
֮󣬾͵ͷ岻ãҹƳҪ׷ͺڷˡ
šҶˣ˵ͷ
˵㹤ҲΪҲڸ˿ɳ֮ȴ֪ˣ
׹ѹ֮󣬻ûüʱ״Ҳ˾ȻͰ˼תƵ˹ϡ
סˡᵽ飬͵˵ͷЦ˵ҶĹϴ÷ǳ⣬Ҳصı棬ר˵ĴǿѧϵģǼʱ˺ӵú򣬻Ѿʮˡ


895 ˭ûң
ҵķ֮¡Ҷ΢΢һЦΪطԱȻҪһƽĽȺڣҪˡ
ȻͻȻֺ¼һĻǣܸӣĲ˵ֻ˵Ͻڷش飬أһֵߡ
Ҫ˵һôˣΪԱܲûǰʶѴҪԣҷδȻܻ̳ɹԼĿʵġ
ھͲͬˣҶδѣ˸ķѴ˰ţط֮󣬼ʱ֣ɢȺڣ˸Σճ֣ͨѧߣƶ˺ʵӦ̵ĿԣȫȺڵĲƲףɾʹˡ
˭ҲܹϣҶ⼸飬ѾԳƵһݴĹ£ҫ۶Ŀ
ҲҶΪɽеĴгϵĵһ£ν쿪ʤ
һǰĶɽгѣɿôһͷ϶ڣݴлȴϰյȫҶȽһ£ܹóӡ
ҶĲųƵǹԱֻ˵档
ҶĻȴͷ̬ǺõģװŹװȺڣܰãЩֻ֪ܹҪٵˣܹ@һʱʱ䳤˾¶˲㣬ʼ޷ߵߵλȥ
ֶҶ˵ǲ飬㻹ǲҪˣڵҪְǵطĻױץסѱһҪɱǲͳһˣĳɳ
ҶȻоֵٽְֳ񣬵ʵʹȷʵڵطϣܲʺϼְɱ֮ĸ¼Ϊ
ܹڵλΪͬǾͬڡ
Ҷ֮ĥһ£Ȼ˵ĺˣɱδõ
Ŷôһ˵ɵö࿴ҶۣĿ¶Цݡ
Ҷڴ죬ڻָˡ
ڼط쵼̽ӣ˸˼ݣŪöɽе쵼ǶЩɣ֪Ҷʲô⣬Ĳˣ
ֱҶʱ򣬴ҲſҶгˣͷ滹һɴء
巽Ȼָˣⲿһʱ֮仹ûָֻܹܵˡ
ʵϣǱ߶һֱҶ飬˵ιתȺڣ˴ҵƲȫúĵʮӱˮûسܵˮĳȵȡ
˵ҶһεˣҲΪֱӲ챬ƹʱ򣬷ɻֹϣײɽɵģҶгǾ͸Աһײˡ
֮ܶôһ֮ЩˣҶʱȻ𾴣Ŀ࿴
ܴҵ涼Ȩ뷨ҲȨı˽Ϊ˭ȻԼ߾ôһλеɲʱܻǻһµġ
Ͼһȷʵһ㣬˼ҶгΪ˹ΪϽϰգǲһġ
ҶгõûУ鳤ɽԵ÷ǳ飬һҶİ칫һ㱨ʺĽͬ־Ҷг˵Ϣǳģιȥֱӵ˸ˣҲļٰ
лͬ־ǵĹġҶ˵ͷͷɴЩʵ˭ȥˣ
ίǺ͸гǻ϶ȥˣȴǷֿȥġɽش˿Ҷ˵쵼¶Ǻӡ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲôǺȻڿ顣
ɽҶϵı飬һȻһЦ˵쵼ˣܶе˾üȻȥô࣬쵼δؾܹǵסԾûȥ
쵼֮󣬾Ͷ˴ѹº˵˭ȥҲ֪˭ûȥҾͼǵ
һҶгȻҲҪһ˭ûȥ
ͳսŲûйȥɽȻ˵һ䡣
Ҷ˵ͷ
ɽ뿪֮һֻͰ٣ǳС⽻ĴԵģҪҿȵ
ҵ飬ʲôʱŵˣҶһۣû˵ʲô˱ͰҲӣֱӾͶһȵ
忴˲ɵЩզ࣬ȻЦŽӹ˿ͰȥСظ绰˵˳ˡ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷʾȥ
ʵڵѾ˺ֻܶ࣬żһЩ΢Ĳʣҽ˵ֻҪϢ̾ƴ̼һҾͿȫʧ
Ҷİ칫Ѿһѵļ˷ͷֶһЩ޹ؽҪĶʵΪгҲûôأ쵼ȨĻЩ鶼ҵӦĸְȥɡ
Ȼˣ쵼ȨúصĻҪһѵ顣
ԣ쵼һ㶼ǱȽȨ֣µ쵼쵼֣ͳݼʱء
ʵϣûǲɻȱģҲûǲܹġ
Ҷһ㿴úֲҪȨץ棬ֻҪֵµЩɲǣͲʲô⡣
˵˭⣬ֱȥô˭Ϳˣ˵黹Ǻ
һӣͻˣûš
٣ղųȥˣɷ˵š˵Ҵ򿪿һ£Ǿٱ־ֳ顣
ŶôˣҶʵ
ʲôˣӵжסլ˵ֵͬĸֳĽ֥ʲôģӦڲԱľٱ
ڰɣҶ˶ʱһ㶣Ȩô󣬷ȥֺϻʣǲֵǮһǷ˼ϵ顭
ǰҲеţȥֻ˵˵ϵ飬ԷӦеϵġҲ˵ŽҶϡ
ҶͿ˿ţȻдúһ֪ڲԱΪ
Ҳᵽ˷ǳҪһ㣬־ֳֳָĽ֥ͬѧͳսٽǺĽ֥ɷҵĹϵǳС
Ҳ˵ٽǿĿɽҶеˣ壬˵ٽûң¶𣿡
٣Ųȷʵûͷش
ŶǺðɡҶ˵ͷȻ˵ʥ˵еҪ̸
õġ˵ͷת˳ȥ
˲ʱͼʥ˽Ҷгң
ţм飬Ҫȥ˲һ¡ҶʾʥȻŵݸġ


896 ֿʥ
ֳѾҺúˡС˹Կ˵
šɫЩÿȵġ
˾ȥҽԺ¥ר
Ȼ˵вֵľֳҽԺ沢˵ǴֻǴ˸ñӣһɫȫͬˣ˼ˣҲδؾһϳ
ȥ֮󣬴ʣʲô
е졭Щݡ
Ŷˣʵ˳־ڲдд
ϸշֵģ͸Ͻˡش
飬ǷǳӵģҲеģǰûзֹԴϲһֱڣ涼Щ
˿ӿ˵
еԥʵ
һֳȫǮӵĲһ֣֮һĸгҪţһЩȻҪ½ָָ㣬ÿеЩζ
Ҳûа취飬ϾĺʵĲ¡
ǣֻԥһ£ͰѿӸ
˿ȷʵЩףץ£󣬡𣿡
ϻô˭˭ۣĻʱˡ
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㡭Ҫģ뻹ˣϾԼĲ˼ҿģֻ
º󣬾˵ֻǺ֣Ҳûףʱʹĸо𣿡
ûСش
Ѫɡڲֻ˼ʣŵӡ
ѪеѪʵ
˵أб۾ʵ
񲻿ˣСŻ鵥ȥɷѣȻȥ¥Ѫ飬ȥŪЩҺ
߶Сʱڳˣ˵ӣȥרǱ߶
רҴ۾ϸؿ˿ݣЩ˵ûиȾеѪ֬ߣӦúܽŶû
ûĻôӣ֮󣬱ʾǳɡ
۲ģû׼û¶ˡ˵
һòأǰѲˣʱǳƣֱΪһӹҽӹҽ˰
һԼطĳĻԺ󣬿е޷
淳еĻתȾưɡеˣһŵ˵
ôжΡߵ˵
˵ô죿ҲʾҽԺ㲻ҽô㣿˸ӣҽԺô˿
˶ʱͳСˣæ˸ˡ
ǵĳСʿ˹Ȱܡ
˿֢״֮Сʿ˿һۣܾе죬ƺ뵽ʲôͶ˵æơ
СʿòƺҲûоܾ˼Ǿ͵һ߶һ⿪Сʿ
治вСʿһ£˳ְһ߶ǩ˹պЩȻڿ˲ͷǩˣɵЦû¶ǿں죬ˮ֣
ˣʱЩ⣬̾˿Ҫѧϰרҵ˲鰡
ˣǱɫǩһһ׵ģ뵽ϵ飬̾ˣʱ˿̣ʲôҲ˵ˣӾܡ
Ƕ˴ˣҿûб˸ϳĻ룬ò˼죬ԼЦʹͷβˡ
֮ܳͷͶС˵㾯һ£Ҫ˵Ը
СӦһȻܣչ¥תǣ̲סЦ
ܳʲôӣȻֳôһԽԽƣһͷ˳棬ų̡
ֳô˾ʵ
û¶һ˶󹤷ˡһ֧̣ڣɫŻָ
ûӣСܹˣġ
ֳ绰С˵ʥδġ
ʥʲô飿ˣЩ֡
Ȼ˵ʥɲֵľֳλַǳҪҲʥ
Ͼʥг߶ģӴ쵼ʱ࣬Ҳ쵼ߵ˵ʥûа취ֱӱǾ쵼߶죬Ǻɵġ
ν˳ɻЩöˣҲ͵档
һһ죬Լ߶ӣ쵼Ǳ߶һˣһ죬Ǿûʲôˡ
ˣ񲻸ҵ̾Ͳͨʥĵ绰
ãǲϿ˵
ֳãǱ߶ǲе̫ƽʥڵ绰ѯʵ
ûаˣЩ죬˼˵ʲô
Ŷûоͺáʥ˹˵ЩٱŶ͵߶ˣ˵ֵĺθֳϻʣҿҿˣҪ쵼ˣ㵱찡
СˣŶ϶ʱֱð亹
¶治еģĹϵ治һֵһ֣ҪǮõԼ֣
صĵλҵʲôģԼŶʵ̫ˣҪ죬ҪǮ
˻ǱȽصĸɲСǮҲһЩģǱȽмԣԲṫȻʲôģȥʲôʵ⣬˵Ҳ̫ݶˡ
ȷʵйϵΪ̰ͼ¶ĲǱˣͬѧĽ֥
Ǳ߶ʵЩǮģֹŻ᳡͹ĹʲôģⷽǳɹۣȻҲַͳһģͶȴ㣬ⷿĴͷѾãܶ඼ǳҧˡ
Ľ֥ΪͳսŲӣԼҲǸĸɲȴûзֹܵʲôˮĲţ˶Ǯ¶ͱȽϿء
һΣʡһʣ͸ؾ֣ΪȽϴ󣬶ҲֱӲģԸЭʵĺĽ֥ͶԽ
Ⱥڸòôණõ˻⣬ߺܹܿǨԭַˣЩòˣôĽ֥;һʣƺҲʲô¶
񿴲ǮȴźĽ֥תʣҪ׷ĻҲܲ˵ġ
뵽⣬еͷˣǾͿʼĽ֥绰飬á
˶ˣҪǴõĻҪԼһģŲӹ㣬ܲһ£ڵ绰жԺĽ֥˵
¶˼ôĽ֥ˣȴЩΪȻǸСĴгУ֪ܵأ
²ɵģ˼СҲгѵ


897 
ҶгӣȴϿͨ籨Ŷ𣿡ʥ绰еԥʵ
Ҳûа취顣ʥԼĶͷЩε˵ʵôԴõġ
ʲô˼ʥӾʵ
һ룬Ͽڶɽвֵ˼ֳˣѾˣʥ˵ϿλȵһõҶгҪҲô׵ģˣͨ磬¶ˣʱ߹һ飬ֻҪĿԵϣǾϢˣ
ʵʥ뷨Ҳеġ
Ҷûзͷ֣һȥĻʼǸ⡣
Ȼ˴ѡֻǸй£ȴҲųжֽţҶ²̨
ʥ;ãҶ֪飬ȴûԶȥ鴦ǽµȨ·Ÿʥ޷Ǿϣܹ¿ܹܵķΧ֮ڣҪ̫Ķ
ΪڵĶɽУҪľһȶĻ
ҶҪ鴦£Ͳɱظͳսٽ˳ͻٽܵıʲô֧ţǷڳίлбѣЩǴ⣬ҶյɽְĴгԣشС
ʥãԼһʱ֮ھҶ뷨ôʵģʱֻҪĽ֥ʱȱڸϣôͳ׽ˣһԴϲľ棿
ҶҲֱӸͳսٽܳͻĻᣬ϶ҲΪʥµδҪ࿴
ôһ˲ֳӣּӰ˺Ľ֥ٽһͬʱΪҶһ鷳ʥԼһãٺʲˡ
ģô࡭ˣʱЦ
ʲô⵽ǿ佱أɶʥ˵
ҶһƬؿţ˼Ʈ죬ƺѾ֮⡣
Ƭ棬һ֮еӤȥ۾ġ
ļţȴһͦŴӵŮӣȥഺȴִһǱˣǴְȥʿĹơ
ԭҶϣԼܹʱϵʿȥŹӵģ⼸շô飬ʹļƻȻӡ
ڣѾһŮƬӤ
ƬҶҲ֪һָо
ΪԭҶҪĻǳ鷳Ƕԣʵ⣬Ҫûʲôʵ£ϾѾ߹٣һһʵȨɡ
ּĹԱһһעţҲһʵɾҪɻĹע
ҶȥŹӣȻϣб֪¶Ծ͵ñܿĿʱյӰҪ֪ǲܰ쵽顣
ԣҶҲֻеȴᡣ
̫ͻȻһӾʹİţŪҶƲѡ
ǲôҶͰ˹ȥչ˹ƣԹƵһһҶ֮ڵġ
ӹȥʿ֮ʼÿʮµģҶܹյŹƬƣƵĶһ֪Ů֮飬ҶЩƬһЩ˵ķ
ϵλĻԼøɣ
ǵزѾԼܹ˵ģ˳̳ĻԼֵЩɲǴܴӰ죬ͬʱҲҶҵϵɺܴвϾʵʵڵҶϵ쵼ˣͬʱԹڵԶӰ졣
ڽɼҶҡҡͷЩƬ
İͷŵǶɽлһݶػʵʩǳﾴ͹ģҲҶ˱Ƚ꾡Ļ㱨
ԣлȫػת͵뷨Ѿ˱ȽȷʶҪľ֪ʶ˲ŴػķչȻգҸһЩµ
ػͳȽϣܶҪߣ·ƸӾϸദʹõ˼ɵ·豸ⷽ󣬱Լļ˲Ųܹⲻǹ⻨Ǯܹɵģлһƻ½ɳϰԱޡ
Ҫһ㣬Ҫ⣬ʽԴ
һ㣬һҶͬл̸ʱ򣬾ᵽҪǸϻط֣ʵ˫Ӯ
ĿǰѾǰ춫ɽлϻطרǣڶɽлҲȽϸȤǵθڸҪɽл̲Ϊϻصһӹ˾
⣬ɽлڽܵġ
ΪڻϻѾΪӴĲҵ֮һӵеӰǳܹΪϻصӹ˾ôɽлܹ̾Ϻʽϵķ֣ӵеƣǷǳ˺ͼ˲Ŵ
˵һ˺Ǿǿǿˡ
Ȼ쵼ǣ뷨ǲͬġ
ϾлĹӪҵǵƿǱȽģһƵĻôͱ˹ɷҵӴڻĿȾͱûʲôӰˡ
Ϊ쵼ǣȨȻǲӦġ
Ҫ飬Ҫ¶ϵƶͬʱҲҪ϶µؾϣҶҲڿѡһʵĻᣬٳɴ¡
Ͼڵǻķչ·ߣȻܹ֤һӮǷչռȴԽԽխˣûеõ㹻ʽ֧֮£ҪȫתͣȻǲܰ쵽顣
٣߽Ҷ˵
Ҷ˵ͷɳ档
ɽбϾǵشɽԼļȵʱҲ̫ѹˣҶİ칫ҴţԺͩţʱͩƮһ˿˿ζ˾÷ǳ
ˣԱҲɳ档
Ҷгáʥ˽Ҷá
ҶָָԱ߶ɳ˵ûкóףͲŲѶˡ
ҶгҪʥæҶ˵ֵǼ飬Ҫ쵼㱨һµ
ҶֳָĽ֥ʵ飬ʥ¶ʥеЩ֣Ͼ滹ǣҪһǺĽ֥ɷίͳսٽܣԼ־ֳ
ʥóȻжλҪķʱʲôӰ죬ǺѿסʥͽϢŸ˿Լ취ȥ
ʥõ˹ĵ鱨棬óǼѾĨƽˡ
ԣʥԼҲҶˡ


898 ȡ
ʥеֵǣҶûȥύĹֳָĽ֥ĵ鱨棬ֱӽǷüѪĲϣ˳ַŵһԵϣҲһۣȴ
ʥͬ־칤ˣҶʥʵ
ʮˡʥеЩ֣û뵽ҶȻ
ϸһ㣬ʮμӹԺڻѧУ꣬˽ίθ꣬Ȼһͷ棬һӾʹʮ֪꣬ԼѾʮͷˡ
һӣһô˹ȥ
ʮˣŶˡҶˣ˵ͷ˼˵һ䡣
ôһ˵ʥҲепƽʱææµµûпǹЩ飬ʱһ룬ǾЩ̾սʱ򣬻ֻǸƼɲô갾Ҳɲˣһ溬Ƚϸߵɲ
ֻҪ˵źҲеģ涵תתģûȥһԱܻЩ˵ȥ
ʵϣʥԼһģǳδίһ֣ǷȥίǣӦ˵ࡣ
κΣûѡ
ʵҲԹԼΪĹúãһλ쵼Ը׷ˣϾһҪӦĻǻԹһӰģʥԼǰ;ôˡ
ûпǹ߳Ȧӣȥθְ񣿡ҶȻʵθֵľֳίǣӦǿԿǵġ
ʥһ̾ˡ
ȻҶ˵⻰ĿĺڣջǺܴġ
δֵľֳǾҪȡʵʺôίǵĻζлڶɽϽĳصһظĸ٣ܳĻʵְĸ
ֻĻֻǺģݵʱ򣬽һ¸Ĵѡ
˵鳤ʲôģȻҲǸɲʥԼҪϵǸλã̫󣬲ʵͻƣԱȽ϶ԣȥתһȦԼһЩ
£ǹҪҸûʲôһжҶгİšʥĥһ£̾ͱ̬
šҶ˵ͷʥı֣ʾ̬ȣȷʵᣬһصίǳȱһǲֵľֳԴѡһ
ֵľֳ
ʥˣʱһ㶣ȫû뵽
˺Ľ֥¼飬֪־ֳһε¼Уûз̫ãֻͬѧ֮İæѣΪôһ飬ҶҪ°ɣ
ĻԷڣ
ֻڳί棬ͨ顣
ֵľֳصίǣְȻƽǺǲͬģֵľֳȻʵݺܶ࣬ǷҪӦҲ٣̰Ļûʲô˼ġ
һ̰ˣҲױġ
ϾǮ򽻵׾ҵëġ
˵صίǣȷʵ
пķᣬ쵼õͬʱҲһҪעģǾпĵطͱⲻ˰ȫ⣬ؾ£ÿҲҪϼʮ˵ģⶼʲô¹ʣΪϱһΣҵԲŻбڡ
һ⣬ܴίǵòµ֧֣Ҳ
ʥȫû뵽Ҷְλѡһʱ֮еˣ֪Ҫôѡ񣬲Ǻġ
ҲżȥǿǣҴ𸴡ҶʥΪѣЦűʾ
õģллҶгʥˣվʾ˸лȻͳ˳ȥ
Ҫô¶Ȼ
ʥеƣ˿һӣ͵õҶҪϢȥ濵βֵľֳ¶Ǿᡣ
ô˵ֵľֳλӶǺܹؼģһгĽŲóΣҪѡ񣬻ĺȡᡣ
Ҳһ㣬ԼӦ˳β־ֳĻôϿ϶ͻΪ֮ǰͨ籨ţֻʥ̬û׼ڿŸʲôء
¶ãŪþⲻˡʥ֮󣬾ҡҡͷ
塣Ҷһ
١ʹ˽
ݶϸѧϰһ¡Ҷʥϣݸ塣
ǡӦһȴǸеЩ֡
ʥ͹ĵ鱨棬Ҷȴˣʲô˼ɡ
ţҲҪһЩʥ˵ĻҿֱܲµΣξҪˡҶ˵
⣬𣿡֮Щ졣
飬ȻǱȽϤˣΪΣǰֻҶģͻȻְȨĻǾҪˣλгǡ鳤鳤
Σƺܴ
Լڸոս⣬Ҫкӣȷʵ˸еЩˡ
ûʲôЩ飬ҸʲôأҶһֵ
µΣҶһǲģȻˣҲҪµŻô
ӡǺܺõģķӦܿ죬ҶҲ͸ӵӣʱסλòȥžѡһλõҪԣǷܹӦĹ
ܹλ÷ˮĻҶҲų˳ˮ۸תˡ
һλãһгԼµҪλãƸһ£Ҳʲô¶
ȻˣԴǸ쵼ɲʲôĳ̨֮ⷽͲòˣԼҶΣҲֻȴţȵļ˳µؽʱٸת
ĻǺ׸ɽеĸɲһҶгΨ׵ĸоģ˵ƸΣûرҪɣǾԲġ
ǣлл١֮󣬵˵ͷ
ȥ֮ǰ滹еʣҪҶһ£ȴ־òʣǾĵ鱨棬¡
ΪʲôݶϽԼأú֡
ʥ׫дĹֳָĽ֥ͬ־ĵ鱨棬ͷβϸϸؿ
ʥĵ鱨ϸ¼ĿʼڲԲ飬ٵĽۣдװף˿һĿȻ
忴֮󣬾;е̫ˣƺ鲻ġ
Ųű˾ٱĺĽ֥һҲûУǱЩʣȴǿеģʱȻûз仯ô˵ʵΪǲڵġ
ЩǷмʧûʲô⡣
ʥĽ֥ǿ֮䣬һϵġ忴֮ڵóôһۡ
̾ˣҶϸ⡣


899 ҥ
̾ˣҶôͼ޷ǾҪֶѡ
ΪһɽεĴгҶȻͬǼŴίְȨΣʵӰޡ
ЩͷͷǣһͶСˣδؾͰҶ档
λãгԣȻͬСɣԼεģĻһ⣬쵼ͼ޷ϴ´ͬʱпܱ˸ܿˡ
ԣҶһɽУҪȸ뷨
ֻҲһ⣬ҶϣûʲôʵѡּҪ⣬ڿԵεģҲֻ塣
ʵ̫ǳˣҶʲô취⡣
ȥҲֻнʥŪôһ취
ȻʥԼ˵ģѾʮˣôϵʸˣ϶ѲϵҪʥҶҲһȽϺʵİ취Ļ˾˵ﾤҵҵģûйҲпͣʶ
صίǳȱλõܸȥģƫƫֵĿֳָĽ֥ھϳ˵⡣
ȻⲻȴҶⷢӵĻᡣ
ҶͣȻܹµóɽеˣ˽¿϶⽫תʥȥûнмίֻǼ򵥵˽һ¡
ʥĵ鱨Ҳȫܹ˵֮ȷʵϵġ
Ҷ͸ҪʥŲˣȻĻ߶ĺܶ飬Ӱ졣
ֻǣʥȥسίǣеˣ
飬ܾҶӦûʲôֶûó
٣ȻʥйᣬŪһݶٱŪ㣬ΪʲôҪ᣿һӣܽѯʵ
Ҳٱ˰ҶЦЦȻ˵ʥһλãЩ飬Ľδؾܾ⡣˵ʥռ˲ֳλãθ룿
Ҫ֮ìܰ˵
ûʥȻûдëҲ㣬Ϻ˵̬̫ˣ֣ץסΪҰ¶ҶͷһζԿǵĵоͿԿóϢ˵뷨أԸˣԱ̬Ťת
ˡǳҶ뷨
ҶʥβֳλãǹìܣʥַˣҪ֪ôһʥĲǿͬʱкĽ֥ͺĽ֥ɷͳսٽܡ
⼸һǺܴģʥҪסţҲֻзԭ뷨ϵͶҶˣĻڵλöҪ
ΪɽеˣʥڱҲûдëһõĸɲ
ҶץУܽǲٵġ
ʥشɲҪʱḱ⵽ĸɲУΪҶϵʹá
ڵίУҶܹõöˣ޷Ǿּ֯ĺ͸гֳ˽ѣټһ˾ȫ壬˺˵öҪ취ı״
ܹʥԼĶǸı䶫ɽйٳȵһشߡ
Ϊɽйٳеè壬ʥŶ尡
ּĺ͵˽ˣΪְλʣϿ϶Ǳⲻ˸ëģҪȫԼͱʩһϵӰ죬ôͶЧʥͻΪһֱ޲ǵĶ
ǲŬĻǾҪʥȥˡ
Ҷôһ˵ʱͻȻʣ˵ѹ쵼ǶŪȨĸ֣һֶʩչܹöɽеĸɲǼɹ
Ҷ˵ûҪĵһ飬ǽ֣ҪѶɽһ̶ˮȸˣȻܹеþƱԼ
ͬʱҲ뵽һ⣬٣Ҫٽܸˣ
֮ǰҶʹίˣ˭û
嵱ʱش˵ͳսٽûйѾµҶпҪٽܲˣʱٽźĽ֥µ飬ⷢӵĻҪٽܸŪҲʲô¶˵ֳֻ˵Ҷ˳ۣ˳ٽܺͺĽ֥ĳ֮ꡣ
ôҶ˼·ͺˡ
ȻҶûзҪõٽܵ뷨ֻǱʾʱ졣
ʱͿʼСϢ
˵Ҫˡ
ʲôְ񣿡
˵ίǡ
ܰɣί˶ˣǱȲ˼ҵġ
˵Ĳԣ˵Ƕ濵񣬳βֳ
ôܣϿڲָٹ̣˭ܰŲ
ǰĲ˵ļ쵼ͶϿǳֵ֧ġ
˵ֳгˣǮָӲ˵ҶгܴӦ𣿡
ⲻǻгίҶгҲûתίᣬϾֲֳǷ˴ô˵¾£
ʥһϰ࣬¥ĹԱǶ۷׷ףɵкɡ
Ҷ飬û֪飬ôϢʹأ
ѵ˵ҶгԼ˷ųϢɣ
뵽ʥең֪ҶôĿĺڡ
ûзӦ˾Ѿ绰¶ˡ
ίĺ绰ȥ칫һ˶
ʥҵ̾͸Ϲȥˡ
ίĴ¥ʵģܽ޷ǾǴ¥ߵǸ¥ҲǼ׵ľѡ
ʥܹȥʱĺڷļ
Ȼ˵ҶίְȨίճȴĺֵģҶֻڴ涯ֶѣһЩСȻϾ˼ҲûȤȥܡ
˵Ҫίˣĺʥˣͷеıֽʵ
㶼ô֪أʥˣҡͷ˵Ҳ֪˭ųļϢֲһ˵ģôأ
Ǿ˵Ҷг뷨ˣĺʲôˣ̾ʥĻ˼Ǿ׷ʵ
Ҷг¶ⷽ˼ֻû˵Ҳֻһʱ뷨ʥش
ĺĸǣʥеġ
ȻҶίְȨб䣬ʡһλίǵĻҶȨҪܵȽϴļѹˣĺΪίרְǣҲǱȽϴġ
˵ĺ˿ǽĹ治׿չ
ˣʥĺǰûţֻϣҪٵԼ
Ϊʥƺһԣ˵ĺΪ׼ңίıίǵְλ
ʥĴӦҶίǵĻǾǵĺˡ


900 ס
ʥĺİ칫棬˲ʮӾͳˡ
ֻʥ̤ܲʵû뵽ĺ˵ִˣұʾܲ˵̬ȣʥԼһγίǵ飬ǱȽϼѡ
ϾĺڳίӰȻҪҶö࣬ϾǵطҪԭȵίǺгȥְ֮ĺͽ˵ط˴졣
ʥ棬ΪҶܹùĺڳίϣҶ϶ĺĶ֡
ʥеЩˣһŵĻᣬϾô꣬һֱǸ˷ģҲҪһһֵ񫣬Ƚʵڵ飬ȷʵûʲô˼
ĺĲ֣ʥеǰ;ɵöĺĴֱоԹ֮ġ
ǰ;ߣ϶ǲúñġ
ҶѡһǲֳһίǣʥҶ϶ĺôίǵλþͱˣҪǶ˿λãвֳĻȴҪ￵ͳսٽˡ
ͷʹ顣
һ뵽Щ⣬ʥɵͷ쳣
пɽٶ͸һƫƫԼôΪѣ˸ԼԼΪѣʲô¶
ҲʥһڱﲻסˣѵҶôһᣬΪʲôҪ·ƾʲôѵΪǼҪչˣ
뵽ЩϺʥҲסЩŭڵĸо
뿪ĺİ칫֮̾ȥҶ
ҶгѾˡʥҶֱӱԼ뷨ȥ֡
ŶҶˣƺûжĸоã֪ˡ
Ҷûʲôرı飬ʥҲЩ⣬˵ҶҪһԭ
ʵҶı飬ƺڴһٶûУôɴ࣬ɵʥЩˡ
ͬˣǲͬأ
ʥȻҶгȻᣬȴеĪ⣬˼ôͳ˴гȻˢӵġ
ֻǾô뿪Ļʥ־еģ˵һ˵ίĺͬ־׼ңίǵְλ־ڱصá
Ҷ˾Цˣ˵ɾܸɵϰǻҪгʲô
ҶˡʥҲЦһ䣬Ȼͳˡ
һؼңʥžסʡ
ЩĵĴԡʥ˵飬϶ҪϻģΪôװ
ҲǡˣЩʧ˵ͷûˣҪҲסίɶȫҲʮ˶ѣŵǾǸĸˣôֵǼң
ͶɽжԣʮأټЩί֮Ļҵҵλȵȣشɲ͹ǧˡ
ô˵УҪʮίǣȷʵͬɳνһ㣬˵ίӦɽкߵɲ
ϧǣʥȻҲίΪһĿ꣬κ̫ˣҲҪίĺǿѹ
תıֳһְҲǲѡ
ôһʥǳ׵гҶˡ
ҶʥԣǺ¶
гסǮӣ԰ܶ飬ʥҶгΪҲܶڿӸĺѹƣΪҶֱܵģ˭Ҫ붯ĻҲô׵顣
Ҳ𼱣ҶгҺܿصģ¶Ҳ˵ǿѨ硣ʥ˰죬̲ס˵һ䡣
¶ˣʱе˷Ҷгô˵ģ
ֳίǣѡһʥ˵
ֳϿڸ𣿡žʵֳ϶ûίǺȨƵĲȨʵίǻҪţһЩأôģ
ʥ˵ұҪίǵģĺΪ׼ҺȥȻǴҵɫģҾǵίǣҲδؾֻܰ˶ˡ
ĺ߯Ƕˣʥˣ̲̾סƿڴǰ㻹һӶԿڵĸεģû뵽ôһûĵĶ
٣費׼ңܵ׼ңʥȻô˵϶ǽĺ޵˹档
㻹ҪҶгúøɣҲãǰ;ĺʲôôǸ˼ҶгûӴأʥžһԹĶ
ҲôģϲֳȻûίǷ⣬ҲûίɣǸֲһҶгĽһЩࡣʥ¶Ҳе˷ܵ˵
˵¶ûöɲҪ˵أʡֳʲôӣλҲ̲ˡ
֪صġűʾ
һӣʥ˵˼Ҷгô㣬ǲҲñʾһ£
ʾһ£ʥˣ̾ҡҡͷ˼־߹һҪҪҾҿҶгԲȱǮʲôʾ֮ľͲҪˣֻҪڹ϶Ǻ˼
ȴǲģʥҶгģɽط˵ȱľŮˡ
ҸŮˣ¶ҿʥˣ̾ҡͷҪûеĻҲðڻֻǸˣ
ҵ˼˵ӦдķԱ棬չճ̾˵㶼뵽ȥˣ
⻹ǻҩʥ˵ڵŮӣ쵼ϿдЩѾͷǣһıߵģҶгôΪĸɲҪ˵ûе˼ɱҶУ
ɱֻܰˣôĸž˵˼ҶгûнأǴʲôģҲʲôɣ
ʥ̾ƲƲ죬˵˼ҶгҪҲǸ߶ʿȦģôСطҪ˵ʲôԱˣֿ϶ǵҪġ
ƺŵĻҲЩʥĥ
ڶһ磬ʥȥдתһȦȻֻмСﳤòģҲá
д߶ҲܽģҲʽƣܶɲǵŮû̫õĳ·еʱҲȷŽһ£ȻһȻתȥأҲ˳ˡ
ԣЩŮǵĳʥǲôĵģ޷ǿһ£ЩŮӵȽϺãܲܰһЩлĶ͵Ҷгȥ
ĻҶг֪ˣҪһѪͷġ
ε˽֮󣬺ɵѡ毺ãҲŮ˸кѯŮԼİˡ


901 ȨҪ
ڶһ磬ʥͰŮȥҶ
ֻдɣҶгǣ߻ȥˡ
鳤ɽʥƯŮӹɵЩ죬˵ǸҶгŵķԱչճģҲû˵ʲô
ɽǴʡĸɲѳ¶֮ǰŹãҲûܵѵʲôǣһЩ飬ֻͣѹɺõ̬ȣҲûԸ
Ҷгһֱסд棬ֲ㣬ڳס˳ίԺ棬ȷʵҲҪר˸ɽ϶ʥȻʵ˵Ҫȥȥˣ
ûе顭ʥˣ̾ͿЦ¶鳤϶֪磬ⲻ֪˭ųҥԣǲء
Ҳδؾȫҥԡɽʥ˵ȫʸλãңгعĲӦһʱˡ
ҶӴأȻڿβ¹֮ǸʱмίǣΪʡίؿչ¹ʵԭ򣬴ƺ⡣
ǸʱʼҶѾصĹǳˡ
Ҷҡһ䣬Ѿ˶ɽеĴгίְȨغ¼һɥϣһı䶯ǲɱġ
ɽʥҶ߾ͽҪԱȻóҶϣرıԸеģǼᶨģܹΪίǵѡϾҶصģҪһˡ
ȷʵͬɽ˵ʥǹˣְһҲûУΪڶɽеϵ棬ʵѡˡ
ֻʥףίǵְԼûжĹϵˣҶһʼû濼ǹ顣
ߣ鲻ҶͷųһĻѣΪڸĶһõִȨһöίǵѡ
ȻҶѾӦʥΪֳѡôίǵְʥֱΪҶܻܿһ˹ڶɽиɲϵͳѡΡ
ԶԣصĹǷܹãίǵѡǳҪ˱ҶŲУɽУҶûʲôģѡһҶİԮɡ
ֻ뷨ʥҲԸ˵𣬷ĻӰ쵽ҶгļƻǿɾͲˡ
һϵ¼ʥҶǺܸߵģȻûʲô飬ϸһ룬ܹĶУֺܶľ߲οֵַ
ʥɽ˼䣬ɢˡ
һЩҪģ˵ǲڵ״Ĳ״ԼֵĸɲȵȣЩҪصע˽ݣһҶعͷҪЩʱʥͱǰ̨ˡ
Ҷ˵߻㣬ʵڶɽƣܵտҰͻᡣ
֮ǰ͸ʾǾ׼˴İƷʲôͺ֮Ķ
ڿɲǺ䷽㣬ʲôʱģЩǴӶɽкҵļƵ湺ģƵ귽ϵ˿ֱ֮Ӵлģ۸νơ
ʲôơơ׾ơ֮Ҳٲ˵ģֱ˼Ͱڳϡ
ڽһɽ棬˼һյأͳ񣬹˵֧տӣȻʼŪԵġ
ҶҲУڵ棬ī˫Ժεš
٣ˢˢʾһտһ߶ˢϣһ߶ѯҶ
£ûҲóԡҶڻش
ɽӣȥȥˡ
ȻԱ߶ţȴһѵʲôģڷ滹дʵģֹ֪ʲô
Сڿʲôأʾвסˣеʵ
ϤĹԺҪⷽµڿһЩϡش
ʵҪְܶ࣬Ҫ칫ҵĵ紦⡢˺ӡ칫巢ļش֯š
ͬʱҪĹ쵼ָʾ֯չоʱӳ飬Ϊ쵼ṩ߲ο
оǲⱨͽռ༭͹쵼ĵϢϣЭŵλشʩҪЭ쵼֯ͻ¼ش¹ʣЭӦ
֮⻹ҪίиشԺ쵼
˵Ĺǳʮ֮࣬аơϢơۺϿơơ¿ơơơͶġӴ졢ҡӦ졢ΰȵȡ
ǰʱ廹ʵûʲôϸעһ£;ǰʥܹλһô꣬Ĳװ
ץСҶһۣڵ˵ЩǸɹ쵼ǣиķ˵˵ȥ޷Ǿһ˵ķѡֻҪѵ˵ĻԸͲˡ
ǶʲôõĽ飿̵
νˣεĲŸ˸еԼλòȣòŵĸǸеԼǨϸڣԼ࿼ǿǰɡҶ˵
룬˵ڶٲô
Ȩʼÿһλ쵼еϷУʱܹòԴʲôı֡
ǰѧʱ򣬶˵ʦķڿٳҲһ쵼ֻҪȨһ԰˵øһҶȻָпǸŪһгʲôģƫƫֲָ̰ȥûг䶨֮ǰҲʵʵظǸɻֱӾʵˣǲһôƴˡ
Ҫ˴ĻǿǵˣֻһӲȥָͷ㣬ͶҶ˵
ǰȨʱ棬ʮһ֮ǰ϶һίǹģʱҵɾûõķˣζʱ䣬һҪѶɽеĹٳһҶشĻ壬ɾûˡ
ǰĻҶһֻ֣ǸίȻҲûбҪȥЩɲ⣬ֻҪԼıְˣ˵ίڲĹɸְͣһֱȽɡ
һ֣ȴͷȨҪˣûԼֵЩ˵İ취˭Ļأ
ҪҪôвȨҪôȨûǮûйλȷʵûԸڲġ
ҶȻ֣ԼµĴְȨĻڣʵ̫Ҫˡ


902 Ŀ
ôǴίǵְȨ˵Ҳһίίǲе˷ȨˣҶڵ棬ʵ
Ӧõġʾˣͷ˵
ίίҲҶҪ˭ס
ίίͳսٽܵţֳָĽ֥飬Ȼ˵ʥ˵飬óһ鱨棬ҽҶҶ˿ûпֱӾӸ塣
˵еԵġ
Ҷûп棬˼ȷڲʱûʱ¶
̬ȣʵҲζźĽ֥飬û꣬ûпʼ
Ͼʥͱ棬ֻǴ˵ĿûоҶϿɡ
Ҳ˵Ҷʱ׿ʥı棬ֵ顣
ٽܶԶٲҲǱҪġ˵
Ϊг飬֪ڳίϣٽҶʱŷ¶Ҫ˵ûеΣ˵ȥġ
ҪʹϻٽֵܻҷôҶȴ˵
ΪĴϻָ˭أ
ĥһ޷ǾĿ꣬һǸĺһǳгˡ
Ͼڳί棬˵λǷǳҪģһ֣һİ֣ҶҪѡһλԺյͳսٽ֣ƺе̧̫ˣôҲĺ֮Уѡһźʡ
ֻҲ²͸ҶҪ˭֣
˵ӰĻĺʵģΪĺĵλߣڶɽеӰ󣬰һµĻɾҶǣڶɽеĵλһӾȶˡ
ǴڲԣλþͺҪˣϾԼҵ̶ϣôһ볣ίĳгԣǶгŵشԴг̶õǵ֮
ĻµίˣͻƿڣڲĲгҶӰǳ
෴ĺλöҶӰȴǺܴ󣬽ίˣĺĴڶίǵвԵģίǵĴѹҲ
ⷽĻĺиҶ˵Ŀԡ
뵽ͶҶһĿ꣬˱Ƚʶ϶Ҫǳгˡ
и鸾ڵ̨沿ǸȻ˵һ仰
ҶĿ񣬺Ȼûͷûβ˵ôһ䣬ɵ۾͸īһۣòЦһн
Ϊ飬ȻӦܹڲ²쵼˼ʵʱȱ©ѹãʱ岻ɫ˵ôһڳг˽¶ȻǱʾѾᵽ쵼ͼ
Ҷ壬ȻҲΪ˵һİѱҪĻǳܹʱزµ쵼ͼͨʵĻʾԼĿ
ҶĻʵˣķǺܺã˽ıȽأܵλһҹģСĽ˾Ź˾ɽĺܶĿǳʩģλԺɫΪеƦҪ˵ᣬȻ㲻ϣ˵ǹ˾еأе˵ˡ
쵼ɲɼƺǺְܲı֡Ҷ֮󣬾ô˵û뵽ϾȻôİѱ
ҪƺҪиһЩ
٣˼㣬ˡʱ˾ͻˣȻ֦Ƥ洩˼һ㶼صӡ
Ȼô㰡Ҷ˵һ㶡
ǰ췢ˮ˳ˮܳˣε˺棬ĻСӹôķ˵
ǾͿǵˡҶͷ
ǸʾļѾˣ塢ֻڸǥ棬ùҶԡ
ζȥտ̯ҲʤˡҶ֮󣬾䡣
ʾЦϲ飬Ǻơƣտû¶˼տ̯ǰεȻѧ˸ơ
òҽԻʦҶ˵
Ǵ㣬Ѿƶϴ̺ˣʱƬ޹ǣȻгСƬڸǩ棬ͿĨϣҪһȻȵζ͸֮տ
͵øаҶơƣſ򣬿գǳˬ̲סק˾ĵ
˵⻰֮Ҷĵ绰ˡ
ãҶҶӹ˵
Ҷгãʡ칫ķף¡ʡȥɽп칤ϣýӴ׼ճ̰ţ칫Ǵȥ绰˵
ţ֪ˡҶһҲû˵Ļ͹˵绰
üͷ̾¡ҲǵģǰһӣɽеˮΣûŹոȶͼҪϹ⾿ʲô˼ȻѲ²⡣
ڵĶɽУȻͦ˺ԼڣǺĸֹȻڽŽеУֺؽԼˮʩҪͲȥɵġ
ʱͻȻɽп칤ҪӰ쵽ĺܶ๤ҴһЩ鷳
ҶȥģЩӭıˣڹĿǰ£ȴռһ֣Ͳܲǡ
ҪӦЩ֮⣬ͬʱôӾѺϸ豣ϣ˵ȫ˵Щȴá
Щ飬ҪǮİ
٣ôˣˣʵ
¡Ҫ칤Ҷشͣ
飬ǻҪίһ°ɣʵ
һģȥ֪֮ͨһ£óίһᣬ˵ʡҪ칤Ҷ˵
ţ֪ˡͷ
ɽǹӲ칤ĻҶȽϸ˵ģΪɽǵĹϵɽ˽ʵЧЩڵĶԱȽϺӦ¡ھͲͬˣλͬŴֵʡҶһֱûʲô顣
˵ĻⲻҪĴëģҶеǳˬ
ɨˡҶ˸ʾڰŪĿ㣬ֻһ뵽¡Ҫ飬Ƿǳãɵ˵һ
ֻҶҲеЩ֣֪¡ͻȻҪɽУΪʲô飿
ѵ˵ǵҪؽɽеĸ۵ͲŶ³ˣ
һֿԣǺܴģĻ¡δؾȤɽп칤ϾҶ࿴˳ۣδؾԸҶĵ̶
ɣܳ㲻ɰʾ¶Ǻܿÿõһ˹ݵҶС
Ҳ԰ѵһҶһ£ҲȻˣҧһڿ㣬;֨֨ðͣ磬ɵÿ˸ʾһ䣬⿾˼ʦˣ


903 ⷢ
Ȼ֪¡Ҫɽе飬ҶȻҲܹε̫ˣǳտĺһ˰ʰϳ׼ظ
ѻˣһҪףһҸȼɽִгɾˡҶȻæ˵
ĺˣҴӺͰˮ֤е𡣡ͻش
ǼȥʱҶҲԼĶʰȻͿ˸ʾĸ߱Զ
Сӣ͵ҶˣɵЦ
⼸꣬Ϊԭ򣬱߶ĺܶʶʧˣϸһ£Եٺö˵˹ĸ߱ԶʲôģȷʵһЩص
ʾԼܸ߱ԶǱ߶Ķ˵Ǵֲ㵽ģ֮⣬㵽һܾѻǹʹõĴкҹӹܵ׼ҲǼֵƵĶ
ΪְҵԭɣʾⷽĶǳȤ
Ǳ߶ˮҶŸʾĸ߱Զš
ѾͷתɽǱ߶ʱ򣬾ͷһƺеģһɫȹŮӣݵأŮƴıƺʲô顣
ܳҶŬͷ׼Ůӿڿһ˿̲סһ
ȻҶͺ˿ˣӢ۾ĸ
һҶ߶թ˾ͷ׷˹
ôˣʵ
ץåȥҶɽһָøʾӣһԵ˳Ȼɽµķ˹ȥ
ţڲݵͮЩˡ
ڽʱӵѶɽĵ绰˵ڽɽϵĲڴ棬˴ʱڵĹᣬĺܶﶼΧ۵ĴǸˣŷӦٶۣϹȥʱѾûʣ¶мֵĶ
ɽ˼ҪץϽɷһ£ȥ֮һϵеı͵ʡ̨ȥû׼ܹһڴ졣
ͮʼʱеԥģΪŲôһ漰ŵţҪ¶һſ϶ϴ⣬еȡᡣ
ʵԴһϵȶɽ˸ǿ鷢ͮͶԶɽпһֱŲ䲻ȵĹϵ
ͮҲ˼ɽˣǲľôԼֵԼȥԴ
۶ɽνͣǴҹŮܳȥ˷յĴϣԼȴٳٲҲ绰ºҲ޷Ľͣͮеǳġ
ߣǰĿȷʵܵһЩޣûпô
춡ɽ绰Ŷ޷ǾҪֲһ֮Ĺϵ֪ͮġ
˰֮ǾҪ
ֻΪڻڼ䣬һ˴΢ɽˡ
ôҲû뵽ɽ£ʹԱ߶ܳеģץסˣݴϡ
֮ͮͷ֣ͽ޹ġ
ĽҰģǴ磬˻ᷢ߶飿
塢еģǿֻ֣ǲûо͵ذ¶ҪͮȥǾ̫еɹӰɣ
ʲôУٽСһеĹһֽͰͮ͸ճˣʱֻܹ͵͵
һŹͷ¶ĸ첲ɫƵ˾Цϴ㣬ĸ֣ٲʵֵǰˣ
е̨Ůߣȷʵò
ϴ۹ôãŪֵĻúܣ
е˵ţͮߡ
ͮ˿־ɻ󣬲֪ԷʲôˣΪʲô˵Ļͺƺõһأ
ˣΪʲôǻأܹ֪ǵ̨ļأ
ЩʣϽ֮󣬾ͳˡ
Ϊһ۾Ϳ˶ɽʱĶɽվһʮҵĺ˵߶˵ʲôһı顣
Ǹˣһſ棬۾ȻԵãΧĸвվȻǵ˺ܾˡ
ɽ
ͮʱףһε飬һε飬пܶѸģĻôôɺϵ飿
ͮг˾ôҲ벻ɽ
ͻ˰Ǽǹ֡˿ͮץʱǰһȻʹŹ˵
ϴҲû취С㲻ϣõǿƴʩð졣첲ĹͷӾЦ
˿ͮЦҾϲζ椶е̨ĺˣͼǹˣܹóԸ˵Ƕ˶ϵܸģǱˣһʹˡ
ͮɫʱͱˣú˶ɽŰ
ô˵һε飬ӦҲǺָʹɽġ
ϧͱֽճ˵ͮŭŶɽ޷ֱӣֻýԴŤһ߶ȥͮ
ǺǣƢͦšġ˵ƺȵ˿ֿͮ˿ɽЦ˵ϲ飬ǰԧ죬û¶ɢһԶһԶ˵Ҳͦ˷ģ
Ǻǣϴ
ǰϴԣоƺȣǮСʲôǰ;
ϴڶɽǺߵģСʲô

һȺС˵ˣҡҡͷ㿴˼С־ͰŮѸˣô˭õǲ࣬Ժѧŵûл
ˣǶ˶ɽȴǷǳм
ɽˣΪָˣǷһƨծͱȥŮͮҪ˵ծ
飬ڵϣҲǷǳ飬֪ˣǾģǶɽˣһİõģȷʵ˸еǳݡ
ںȻȰ˵Сݣ᲻˺Ȼʵ
ϴϴֵ첲ϴĹͷӷһ䣬ȻһֵСŪ
˶ʱ׷׶֣¾ͰѼͮ棬Ȼӽ֫˩棬޷ѡ
ٺ١ЦЦȻҡһ֡
ֻη˿֨֨ԭȥ棬Ȼγһŵ״
ͮ壬̾ͱ֫͹ԳĹĵزͳ˵ǰ
˿һۣɵ¿ˮһƬ֮ɫ


904 
ٺ١ЦЦȻҡһ֡
ֻη˿֨֨ԭȥ棬Ȼγһŵ״
ͮ壬̾ͱ֫͹ԳĹĵزͳ˵ǰ
˿һۣɵ¿ˮһƬ֮ɫ
Сû뵽ϴΣȻ⹦ܡ˼ˣȴЩȣû뵽˵λı仯
ȥֻǸͨһ޶ת˲ͱһңΣȷʵ˾ȡ
ֻߵ˼֮Ա˳֮Ϊʦ
ϧǣλʦɶ칤ҲǸ֮ͽṩıضѣ֪κ֮֮µĴʦ涼å
ȷʵͮĸӵͮĲû˿Ͱɵؾͱ˹һ㡣
ȹܹסˣһֻУһƣ׹˵
ΪͮǺָҪŮˣЩƻͳ˺Ƭˡ
˿űϣƴŵͮٺЦ˵ɣԽԽ˷ܣ
ź˵Ľӽǳ׾ԼԽԽͮ˾
ͻȻ䣬˾ͮͻȻˣ۾ֱضԼһĹâɵһ
ţѵɵˣһ㶣Ҫȥһͮʲô顣
ʲôˣһлͷһʱתȵ
ֻǵķӦе̫ٶˣΪŮӰעֱ߶Ҳûз֣˵̫ͮ¡
˵ķӦǺܿ죬һ֣Ȼһһתͻӵӭ˶ˡ
ϧǣ˼õĿɲǵ
Сģ˴
˵Ķ棬Ҷ
ոҶǿ׷˹ͼ˹Ю֣ͮ˼״γԼǹһ˽
ͿڽͮŵҡҶڽӽʱڱ˸ˡ
ҶǾþ˵ģ˶ٴΣ֮УȻǺ
һ̧֣еǹк˵üģһǹͷѪĽ
ڳеϮҶĲʿǣֱӻҲûʲô⣬ºһݶ鱨ͿˣоֳУԣ͸ɱһֻһ򵥣
顭
ǹƺǺһ㣬ǹո£һǹ졣
žͿΧЩˣһ׷׵أȻûбһǹͷǹǹУʧȥս
ùľǶɽȻǹһǹСһǹϥϥǷ飬ǳײзˡ
һʮˣȫˡһΧ̾͸Ҷ˸
ŵģ˱һǹͷĺ֮⣬Ķ۵ÿ޵ôҲû뵽߶ҵӣȴͻȻôһɷһ仰˵ͷ׷׿ǹ
ʱϴ˶ˣСආȻǱŵû겻壬ɥ
оһ¡ҶҲû뵽Լľôǹһ顣
ɵһصˣҲֻõؾˣĻ鲻˵Ȼ˵˶ǷˣǱϾͷ˱һǹͷˡ
ˣǴˣǰΣҪС
Ȼôе鷳ˣǵô׵Ļк֢ġ
˵绰˲ãоֵľǾڵ˽ѵ£ٸˡ
гֳ˽ѼҲɵóһû뵽Ҷ˶־Ȼôһ˶ûзŹǹˣһһ
ǿǸ֮󣬶ʱɫ
Ҷгˡ˽ѵɫЩÿ˽λŹ˾ϰ塣
λеϤ˵Ҷ֮󣬾üͷ
λгĵܵܣʱ;ȵ˵
ĵܵܣôôһåɽеҵǣ⸱УҶ֮ȴû̫ĸоֻǾýеˡ
ôԸտܹ飬һˣ˲ǱˣƫƫǸԸĳгĵܵλ
Ȼ˵ҶʹˣͻȻλȴòǰ֣ĻܻһЩõӰ졣
Ҷ͵ϵ˸гŹ˾λܲͼǿе̨ŮߣֳеͼɱڣҵľǹУкֵܳɻɣŹ˾һұڶƵĿտǹ˾֯ΧѲŹ˾Լλסլ֤ݣ
ǣ˽ˣӦһ
˽ѾͱʾҶг¶˷ɽжҪˣҲǺǵģڶɽҲ൱Ӱ
㵣ʲôҶʵ
ҵľڲҲǵˣѹס˽ѻش
ʵ¶ȷʵеͦΪѵģԣλǲԣͼǿʲôҲŵ飬ҶľһӾͿǹˣƺҲ˵ȥĳǶӦñġ
ҶҪھλķ֤ʲôģôһõϢܴӦ
ңλĵܵܣܱܵ˸ˣưոݣ
õģҵľֳĸǵȥˣоֵˡҶԴ˵һҲģֱӾͶԵ˽˵
оֵˣ˽ˣʱɫ
Ϊɲžֳĸг˽ôܹ֪оֵ
Щ˿ǳɱִյĴڸְ
Ϣھ׵ʡί֯һɽΪʲôҪԼһҪ׷Ҷ֧κξԭ滹ôһ˵
ܹоֵ䵱ˣӦʲôѾԶˣҴĵϵӵǣҲδؾܹܵĴ
õ˸г֤Ҷ˵
ǡóԼ֤ݸ˵˽ѡ
˽ѿǸӡŹͼС˿һۣ̾Ȼ𾴣ǿľξȻУʱӶɳˡ
˫ֳ֤ؽȻҶ˵֤񣡡
ţһҪϸѲ飬λˣĹ˾û⣬ڵߣҲҪҵ֤ݣҾǵļǿܣҶĵ˽ѵļ򣬼ᶨ˵
˽ֱͦӣĴҶôһλصĴʲôõĵأ


905 ת
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ͮ޵̫ˣˮƵģֱ֣һҶĳ¶ʪˡ
ôһλҰ͹µŮڱκһ˶еӦģҶе˼
ֻҲ˵ʲôֻļĺ󱳣ԼӰοѣ棬˰ٰʮĹ䡣
˾͵ûȥæԼ飬ٶŮ˵Ӱ˾ռˣҲú֣ûŮͶͱĻǺˡ
ҶֽͮʱλŮߵӻɪɪȻǴ죬ֵʱ֣ͬڱһҶЩȣû뵽־Դĺ
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㰲οһңͮ΢һЩֻȴɿҶҪŰġ
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ӵҶĵ绰˵ͼСͮ죬ˣ֮ż̾˹
СͮſҶĻ棬һϡﻩģԼҲеȻ
ӡУͮкӵţȻȴǼģһȻǱ˵ĺĻҲᱧҶ޳ӡ
ֻǿ龰֮еԥˣ֪ӦǰȥȰοһ£ǶռͮҶദǾᡣ
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ƺǣͮҶеϵ
ңͮڵӣҶ֮ĹϵܹΪһεӢ۾¼ͻͽء
ʱɵسȥݣе̫ɵˣ
Ϊίǣĸɲ൱ȻΪԼĳǺʵģֻԱ߶ţûǰȥ
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ͬ־ҶȻŮڻκֳϲ̫ʣأͿίվԶĿǾͺһ
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˵˵ŰͮȰס˿;룬С˼䣬֪ҶǷֵļʱͮûʲôʵԵ˺ŷ
˵¶ȻǶɽΪǮƳ֮ʱŭһ۾Ϳ˱ڵϵĶɽŭɶس˹ȥͷš
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Ǳˣ߾ˡԱ߶Ϲľæֹ
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˶һˣĸǹˣ˻ֹһˣͮıɶδʩƺе̫һЩ
λʲôżŵϰ塣Ҷ˵˵ڶɽһԣ
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ֵһģλڰϵӲŹ˾⣬Ҳ߱Ե⣬Ҳ˻ǻһЩ˵Ĺ˵潱Ӷ涾ʲô顣
ֻμڶɽܴģֵһһ̣һһһһڣ޼䣬ץסǵİѱȵ˹עǵʱֵѾˡ
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ҸҲûб˼Ҷ˵ѾȥλϳȥˣΪܺ˼ҲӦñֵǿһЩĳĻǹɩסȥʡ˴ţҲȫһЩȵ鳹׽ˣٻȥס
˵һ䣬ڶɽУȻǴгɱϾˣܶطչ˲ģҼ棬û˸
֮󣬾;Ҷ˵ĺе
μ̫󣬾ģ׵ڵֶΣô˭Ҳ֧ŲסҶ˵ĻȷʵУס˳ί¥棬оţ˭Ҳûа취вǵȫ
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ллҶгǾסȥ಻ĸɲԼ˼ͨеϵֱӾ͵ͷӦ
ͮԴЩҺģûдӸղŵ鵱зӦֻ˳ȻҶľͻ˳ί¥סҶıС
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Ҷг㣬μҵ鷳ʱס§Сӵ˵͸˵ҶгΪ߹٣õĽ󰡣ҪǸɽ㿴ε¶Ūá
˶ɽ֣ͮʱЩʧأӲţҧ촽ɫҰס
飬ȷʵͮ˷ǳõķӦôҲû뵽ڴѧһصѣͻȻͱ⸱У
⾿ʲôԭɵģѵ˵Ӱô
࿴СӻӣҲʹϧ˵ŮµľҴˣãҶгǣûлЩ˵桭
뵽˽飬ȷʵе£СͮԸ֮󣬾Բ͵ġ


906 Ҫ
Ǳ·һ·ڵ˽ѵ£ֱλļУһ·Ҷ£ȥżڵأ鳭Ŀӡ
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˻еˡҶ˿Լʮ죬ֹһ
Ҫ飬Ⱦǽ˶ȻסڣȻؿʼѲ飬ҳַ֤
ȻˣЩǱҪģ˵˾ĲԱʵʸԼλȵȣЩӦܹӴλһЩܵģԱҪǵϴͻƿڡ
ǶɽгҶűʮżŵĺҶҲ˵ϻλ·ѾһУҪҷķʵϣܹƣϣҪԼ
˵֮һӣЩ˾ͱһȥ쿴ţǸ뿪ÿ˷һֽһ˱ʣǽԼ֪鶼д
ô𣿡Դеɡ
ʲôеģҶشλѾˣǵģΪгԳִ֣ҲǸе֣̿ΪԼʲô鶼óġ
Ŷеˣ΢һĥ;Ҷ⻰е
λŵĻֵܶЩ˻еãǲ˵ҶǴʱλѾУôܾ֮࣬ҲҪһԼĳ·ˣΪһ˼ܡ
ȻҶԤϣܿ˹λ߶һҵģһЩеĶ
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ҶȥһȻڹ濴ǹеǹѣ΢İѣذ׶ʮ֮⣬ڹ淢λĸֻգʮҵģȻαġ
ĶҪصעҶ֮󣬾͵ͷ˵
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ʱ򣬴Ӹŵ˽ȥλеʹ˵绰٣߶ڷļв棬һܴıչ񣬵λļܲϣѾ֪ͨ
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ϲĻλеչӦþǲйؼ֤ڡ
ҶľżűֳԼ͸һ˳ֱӸϸλļС
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ַ־ֵľֳɽ͸ʮַ־ֵĸɾǣҲȫװؿˣֻһ£Ҫȥ
Ȼ˵Ǹгֳ˽ѣӦ˵ǵĶͷ˾ǸųгģȻͿӵ˽ѵѹ
˵ˣַ־ֵľֳɽһ͸˽Ѳϣʱ˽ѶţȻҲȥ˽ѵĻ޷˵վ߶ġ
˽ѵ˻λûʲôȻ˵λǿͮǲûγʵǻλӦ˵ùˡ
ʱҪΪֻܵعͬʱռƣȻȻ
ɽ㲻оְţԵɾΧо־ֳھְֹͣ񣡡˽˵
˾ֳ˵ЦˡɽһҪͽȻΪ⼸仰򶯣һθгίίгǴίģҪǵĴжģάģƾʲôҲίĻҪĴ
ɽôһ˵ַ־ֵĸɾǣҲ׷׹ţǿҲֻίίгܹί˵˽ѻһЩҵ˽ȷʵ׶
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Ȼˣ˭ںо־ֳ˵ʲô
ҵǲ֪ʲôʱθгԼͿԴίˣʱһ˹
һͷͿҶżˣ˹
ҶгɽҶʱеš
Ȼ˵㣬ǿƶгҶʱ򣬻еӣϾ˼ҲǴгͬʱְȨǶɽйٳλ
ַ־ô¶ȻоֵĻˣҪ¸𣿣ҶгڶˣǻϽҶͦǳ
ַ־ֵ˼ҶˣЩԥ֪ôˣǶĿͶ˷־־ֳɽϡ
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ˡѴɽҧ˵
ҪǺǡҶˣûзŭЦ


907 ش
ɽҲﻢ£ˣܾͻ⣬ʱҶˣһ·³ҪӲˡ
ˡѴɽҧ˵
ҪǺǡҶˣûзŭЦ
ڶɽ̬ȣҶûʲôģΪ˶ɽزҪˣҲô׵ˣҲֻһܹԿҶ
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ҶԴ˲ûʲôģҲΪɽĴڣܹӰ쵽֣¶ɽ¶ɽֱӷˣôԼĳ־ûʲôˡ
Ҵɽίֹͣɽַ־־ְֳáго־ֳ˽ѣʱַ־־ְֳ񡣡Ҷ˵ôһ䣬Ȼʹ߽λסլ
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ڴίְȨĴгҶǰгȷʵ㲻ʲô
˽ѣҪǲǣ״û
֪λ߶ЩعĶ˲ð֮踣Ȼַ־ֵĶɽΧµ˽ѣҪλסլĿȨжתƻ١
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Ȼ˵ʡܸɲΪɽеĴгǣҶĻȨǺصģڶɽе쵼ҲȨ顣
ʡίͬĽ飬Ϊȶ棬ԭȴӦ飬ҪʳˡɽǶҶ˵ҵøϽһίǹȥɽȶ֣
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ǣӦҵĿ£һ»ءϢҶȻǺܲġ
Ϊԭûüģصɲ飬ɽǾҪһ೤ˣȫʹļƻҶȻǲġ
ѵ˵ʡί㶨ɽеĹҶܲ˵ʵ
ʲôɽǿЦŻشֻǲһǱ߶¾սѣûиίѹ鲻ô


908 ѡ
ѵ˵ʡί㶨ɽеĹҶܲ˵ʵ
ʲôɽǿЦŻشֻǲһǱ߶¾սѣûиίѹ鲻ô
ѹٴҲͦס޷ǾǶ໻˶ѡҶʾڵʲô࣬Ǹɲ࣬˲еǡ
ʲôɽǿһɹôطͬ־ȥɽµίӦþܵˣи
ǣôҶʾԼĲ
ţ֯šɽǲٸҶʲôֱԼҪ
ðɣҷ֯ţǱҶ治ˬǿӦһ䡣
ţҪдֹۡɽжһ
ҶԣɽǻǱȽչ˵ģȻԴҲеģ̫ᣬеʱ޷أԹڶɽίǵѡ⣬ٳٶûʵ޷ǾҪѰһʵصĸɲΣܹҶγɻöɽеĹ
ΪҶ̫ǿƵԵʣίǾͲѡˡ
֮ܶҶȻڶɽһԾŶˣȴҲû̫Ӱ죬ϾһѾȵҪѳгˣɽеıܵ˺ܴĴôһĻʣһĺǹˡ
ȵµίɽеıϾͱˣôҶίְȨҲʧˣϾҲܰѶɽдһá
κһǶ⣬ֻܷһĶɽУҶĳɳҵľ裬ӶǳõĿ
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һôõѡǽ˽ѸֵгλôһŪĻԭȵ˽λãӦý˭أ
ȻǸ볣ĸгȴǹžϵͳߵҪְλҲҶܹ֤Լڶɽеλȹ̵Ҫ֮һԾҪġ
ĥһ֮󣬾ûǽԼ˱ȽϺʣ˵Ӿֱӿսһƺõѡ
Ҷʹ˸绰ؾ棬ҲûұˣֱӾ鲿Ĵ󲿳Ʒɡ
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м䣬оֽ˴Լһٶž죬һλҵסլһǸݴλõһݶҵˣλ֯ĵ·Żʵʩץ
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Ϊһϵʱ䣬Ͱͼץ˺üʮŹǸɷӣλŻм
Ȼôһ֮󣬶ɽеĵ·磬ǺѻָԪˡ
٣һεջǿǰġ˽һץĽչ֮󣬾ͶҶ˵ɽеĵ·ǳȫǶһǵһδλŻӶʡǴкôġ
ǰ˵ǵǲǺܲҶͶ˵Ըտ飿
ȷʵе˵¶Ҳеˡ
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ϾԴ޵ģҪȷճܴܵӰ죬ôܹ֣ͷǳˡ
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ȻˣΪҶĹϵʡҲ̫ˣ˵Ҫѹ͸ʲôģҪ˳糵֮뷨Ȼ޷ġ
ôһ׮ͣ˭޷ӡ
ϵˣһֳɫҼƻΪгѡȫ֧㡣Ҷŵ˽ѵļ˵
ȻӲϿ˴Ļǵ˽ϵĹͿ϶ǱȽϴģǨҲ˳µ顣
Ҷԣ¶ܹʲôʵʵĺôгǵذţǶڵ˽ѾͲͬˣлгͬʱܹһٽίίеȥν˫ա
ллҶгⶼҶгȷ쵼£ܹȡĳɹ˽ˣȻޱȼģһӾͿԽ󲽣ȻûȴһֵλøһЩ
Ҫ֪볣ĸг볣ĸг֮Ĳ࣬ǼģҪ˵Ҫϳˣӽ˽ѵλãܹŵ˳ίеĵλǺܴġ
뵱ֻһǳίĸгֻǹŵĿӱȽҪѣڣ˵һ죬ԭȵλҪּ֯ĸԺˡ
ϰǺð˽ѵв޼
Ҷܿض˵о֪һЩģһַ־ֵ飬ͺܳ⣬ϣгڽͷϵĹ֮ǰܹоֵĹ٣ߴһԽϺõľ档
ף֤񣡡˽ˣȻЩ⣬ǷǳɴشӦˡ
Ҷ˼ܹģһַ־ֵĶɽǲ׷泣г飬ҶǺܲ˵ģҲ˵оֵľֳڵµĹòϸ£ûƿס档
Ҷϣ˽֮ǰоֽ٣һζˡ
Ͼ˽оô꣬ھǷǳ˽ģôһ·ɣЧӦõġ
ͬʱ˽ͨҶĻҲµһ㣬Ǿǽо־ֳѡӦҶԼˣĻûôıҪ
һ̯ӣ׿ɲͬʱҲܹϹһȨףǷ׵ĻᣬҶ治⣬ֱõ˽ѳ棬Ǿ˵ӰҶصģҪýӰΪѡ
Ҷоһֱ˴磬ѾȶʡίطҲˣŷǾطǣЩǰźʳ⣬лصԼıϢ
ֻһţͿֻűĵ࣬Žڼܡ


909 Ͷ
ףҶҪôҼ棬ʱԼסģΪ˵ֵܵ˶ǲ
ô˵ͮλеĵܹ֤ʵλΪĵһ֤ˣĴǷǳؼģԾԲܹ¡
Ҷгˡ࿴Ҷһ£Ȼ˵ղ˷ǻûгأöһ
ͷҶ˾һ㶣ƺûзԸ顣
쵽ڣҶһֱæµţ˵С¶
˵ˣҶıʳģҲйֶܷ㣬Ҳڶ˰
ѵģ˶ʱһ㶡
ҡҶüͷʱ̾߹ȥ
һϵϢ֮ͮѾƽʱڲԱ߶ӵĲ˷
ȱ𶯿ӡҶͮ˿ӣҪȥвˣͺһ
ͮˣɵŤͷͿ˿첽߹Ҷ
û˰ŷˣ¶еΡҶͮнӸȻ˵ȴ绰һ顣
Ҷ̾ʹ˸绰ܿͽ˽
Ȼⷹ⣬ίŵġ
ҶƽʱԷ޷Ǿ;һί͹ģǴģԼڼġ
ΪҶڼԷίǱ߶ûпǹΪҶ߶ͷԭҶҪ󣬾ûš
⣬Ҫȥһ¡Ҷ绰֮󣬾Ͷͮ˵
ͮ϶оɫ
ȻҶû˵ܱⷹ˶ǴϵرͿԿóֿѾŴˡ
ܿ죬ʾͿų˹ȡȻҴ뿪
аƷҸŪԵˡҶ˵
ŮӶ˵óĴͳŮˣҲֻǴ֣ʲôģҶ˳£ֻűģϴ˳ףҲǰСʱʱ䣬һٷˡ
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߹پѾѵã˭֪Ҷնõó֣Խˡ
ʵ飬ûл᲻ֻ벻Ҷ˵ֻҪģѧһھܼЧȻˣҪΪĻ϶ǲеġ
ҶгĳգҲ󡣡˼ڲˣ
ҶЦЦûٳԣΪʱѾطһ˶˿ϸʵλŮ˵Ūѹѹ
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Ҷ֮Ҳǵһ
ȷʵҪͮڵģĻðôķͷˣһ¶
Ҳ㹻֤λõЩ֤ȷʵǳҪƵЩѾҪˡ
Ҷ磬ͮɩҪ档
һĻ鷳ķҶҶгˡ
һ룬λŮ˴гı棬λŮǶɽйٳҪλŮǹɩҶԿöɽеۻô˵
ָᱻ˱ô׶лأʱҶҲ˵
ϲ߶ӦܹһͶҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷҡͷȴҲżΪЩǱλֵܵ˶ϵģȻҲɢǿԲ߶ȴҪͶ̫ľΪ¶綼ġ
ллһԳĬѾõͮȻҶ˵
ҶԵʣ֪ͮԼƱѾǳҵľأһпܻ۵ɩ࣬ݶ鲻˵
ڵڣ˴Σ֮УҲֲҶֻ˵Ѿ׹˶ɽеڲ֮УҶǣѾ÷ˡ
˵öɽбɾҲгӦ飬Щڣֱҵĳ衣Ҷͮһۣ˵İɣһڣЩ˸ץץɱɱʣµĶʵġ
ǲأЩ˵Ҳܴ󡣡˵
ΪίǣɲҲǶɽйٳϵһȻ֪߷һֵܹ֮֮ô޼ɣҲһγɵģһСС
˵ҶΪץֵܺǵķŹǸɷǣ´󼪣Ȼеˡ
ʡֵ֧ģҲоģǰίίһҲϧҶͶ˵
ͮˣЩȻû뵽ҶȻľģֻǴֻƬ֮䣬ܹóһζɽеأΧܹ㣬ʡҪºˡ
ɽеĳίıһӶʡ˶Ϊ֮𶯡
ҪǳԲ鷢
ʵҲʲô¶ҸȥемίǵʱҲƵڶάϰӵġҶ˵ҲõģסžͿˣڼ棬Դ绰˵һ
һЩֹı顣
ͮ˾˵Ҹ׾ܴģҪ֪ɩסҶг棬϶Ҫˣ
ҶһʱЦŪһΡ
ˣͬ־ҪؼҲû⣬Ҫȼ죬ϹģסҲԣط󣬶һνҶ˵
ô𣿡ˣЩԥ
ûɶ˵ҰŵľˡҶЦ
֮󣬿һ£Ȼץ˵绰ͨ˻˵ϰ졣
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ˡЩɵؿ˿ȻֿҶ˵ôôͨˣ˵ҺСסҶгܰȫܷģûҪ֣ȻϣǲҪҶгҾͺãתҶгĸлʲôġ
Ҹ𣿡ͮˣҲе
ҶˣʱһЦ⡣
ʱµ鱨ͨļ¼ϣͷ˵˱ҵˣȷʵίĹԱֻ˵Լǽӵĵ绰֪ͨ˷͹ģ˵ΪʲôжʾҲ
¶ԽԽˡҶ֮˼ּƽϡ
Կ϶Ͷˣ϶ίڲˣĻʹڲ绰֪ͨ칫绰ĿҲǱȽϸģʹöҪ¼ģȴ֪ܹ鵽˭ͷȥ
Ҷĥ¶ͽӵطĵ绰һȥоɽе


910 ´ʦ
ʿٵõ𣿡¡ѯʵ
Ǹӣûһɫᵽ鲻ɵЩͳ
ȻѾһζʱ䣬ںҽҲ˲٣ʿٵȻûеõתѾһѾʧȥжҲ֪ʲôԭǶһֱ̧ͷĴǡ
Ͼļһûأȱ˻̫࣬Ķ³Կ
Ȼ˵ڻڽӴҪһӵĻûɳҽļҵҵȥȷʵһܴʺš
鼱ģָɡ¡Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôãֻôο
ɭʿҲüΣΪϵͳϰΪҪͨϵĴ̼ܹ漣֡˵
ʦ⣬Ѿ뵽˹ʦ֮һϣܹʿٵĲ¡ֶ˵
ƣû˵˵ˣЩȻ
¡ھ˵λɲǽƭӣǵصصʦڴ߶ģƽʱ˵Щˣ󲿷ֶǴʦĻӣƶѡ
Ȼ֪Щ˶ƭӣΪʲôץˣЩֵѯʵ
Ǻǣԭ򶼴ڡ¡ЦЦҡͷ˵
¡ڲԸҲûм׷ȥֻתת顣
Ϊ¡ڴ򽻵ڹڵһЩ飬ҲǱȽ˽ģҡײƭĹûеµбûи׵ˣͬҲ
ЩҡײƭĴʦǣ϶һЩڸģװʽ֡ƹ㡢Ӫ߻ȵȣ涼Ҫţǲһƭһƭ
ڵһƾ˿ڶ࣬ձʲߣĳģԾ͸Щ˺ܴռ䡣
Ϊʡ쵼¡ڶԸЩˣǱ֮ǿ󣬱Ӱ֮Զˡ
ϣλܹʿٵĲ̾˿
ںҽǰ׷ڣҲ־ϾеҽʾΪҲֻȥһЩİ취˵ʦ
ʿѾ뿪ҽԺܾãֻж䲻㣬ֻ棬⣬ʱʱؾͷƢˤԲе
Щ飬еǳǡ
ƴʦʮˣʱҲһʦɾߵʱһ֮ٵϻˮ׼Ҳ½ǲɱơ
һ°ɫĶԽʽ£ҲǴŲЬȥ뷢ں۾տȻһܹܵһرƣƺΧһǿҵ׾ܹȾˡ
Ϊⷽԭ򣬵忴ƴʦĵһʱͲһ뷨ΪλƴʦȻһλʵϵʦԲƭӡ
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˰ֵˣȴȥӰɡ
´ʦ߶롭ǰͷ·ȥʿٵķ䡣
´ʦһ㲻ֵ֣Ļٻн˵⡣¡ھһԶʿٵ˵
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ˣ͵˵ͷҲλľߴʦ緶´ʦϣ
һţͿʿˤĶӣķŵҽУܡ
߿˽ʿپЪ˹غţ״Ʒ
ߣû˵ݵƴʦ͵Բ˫ۣʿٷһƺߡ
¡ˣ;úһһ㣬죬ɵĵװԾ˵λƴʦȻͬһ㣬ֻǺһôƣȷʵһˡ
ǵĸоôǿңҪ˵׵ʿ١
ʿֻԼǱһ׸һ㣬ȫžһ㾲磬о˶սһ㣬̲סҪȴַõȣͲĸоܡ
ʿٺȻһվȻȺȻʧأ͵ڵذϡ
ˣɵſڽ࣬û뵽λƴʦȻôʿٵ嶼ûнӴֻǺһʿվ
ʦ弤֣ڿϣ
ƴʦȴûʲô˵ı飬üͷⲻϵ⣬ʱܷ˳ɷ¶ôȻѾ忪˾еָܻܲ糣Ǿͺ˵ˡ
´ʦһҪκҶӣٶǮҲԸ⻨̾ͱʾ
ԷȻôı£ô϶ܹʿٵĲκã֮󣬲ڴ۶ѣϾⲡûбεˣ˼ʨӴ󿪿Ҳġ
ƴʦˣȴЩ˵ӣ˦˦־˵Ҷ˵ⲻϵ⣬ԼŰɣѾˣͲٶڶ֡
˵֮Ťͷˡ
´ʦ¡ں嶼һ㶣ǷӦҪ׷ȥʱ򣬾ͼƴʦѾˣߵúÿ죡
˶ˡ¡ڸеЩգ˵¶ֻǮڰ˸˰ɣ
ʵںܶ˵ǰǮҲô¶ѣ˼Ҫ׬ǮĻеǰ취
˺ôƴʦҲף˼ҺһͰʿٵĲκ߰˳ɣ岻¶˱ʱ¶Ļⲡȥˡ
Ҫ˼ҳֵĻǲˣϾи˵ϣΪһزʶͨˣεţǳʲôˣû
ҵܶˣҵܶˣ
ʱʿ٣ȴ˷ϲط֣ѾܹԼʶĿ£ضˡ
ôˣ⻹ǵһԼĸоʿٲɵ˷ܵش
忴˶ѾԶȴܲȣҲǰյĺܣܹ´ʦעӵĻ߾ָܹ֤ɣ
ڣֻܿԼĻָˣϣãܹж硣
¡ڼˣͰοܶʦǳһΣΪһεĸоԣԺͲˣڵʿٵǱȽֹ۵ģӶ߾ܹȬ
ǰϣˡͷͬ
ܻҪȥɽеУͲˡߵʱ¡ھͱʾ
Ŷˣ˵ͷһᾡϹȥ


911 ίǺܷ߿
¡ڸոջʡͽӵʡίӽ鳤ĵ绰˵ɽټίԱҪĸʡϸɲᡣ
ʹҴҸȥʡС֮󣬾ͷѾ˳ίǺ͸ʡǣ˴ЭְԱܹкüʮˡ
¡ʡˡɽǿ¡֮󣬵˵ͷȻ˵ǾͿɣиҪͨһ¡
¡ھ֮Ҳе棬֪ʲôǰ칫ϲܽģҪĵٿʡϸɲĻ飿ое󶯸ɸ˼
죬ɽзش¼ɽ̨˵˶ɽ顣

ʱͳ˵˶ˡ
ΪɽггĵܵܣŹ˾ܵλȻǶɽĵ·ŵͷӣҵչУϢȷʵ𾪡
¡ˣҲЩզ࣬ȫûϵ״
ʵϣɽеĳг¡ҲǽйӴģ˵ǲģֵҶһ£ֶɽеĺԵش
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¡֮ʶԼڶɽеһͶĿ군ˣ;Ѿߵ˾ͷܹѣҲܶɽΪλİʵ̫ˣѾ쵼ǵĶ档
ʱ˭Ҳȥһѣֻǻޣ۶ˡ
ϧˡ¡ڰҡͷ˵Ҷ˻аŶ˭Ҫù
¡ڷ˼һԼΪҲøҶʵǡ
ν۰̣ĪҶʵ̫ˣķչ·޹ȷʵûбҪȥͻҪ˵˼Ҷҵôͬ־ء
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ǶĥʯΪ˰Ҷѵĥֹֿ⡭¡ڵ棬Ȼðôһͷ
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뵽¡ڵ治ޱ˸˾ǲͬ
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ڴôñô̰˼Ǯûйס¡ûЩΪȻܾɽеСˡ
ҪܣֲԱ˵Ը
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ҵĸɲҲҵһˣȻԸȥɽ£ҵˮǺܶģҵǺܶ࣬ʵҪڵطΪٶö࣬û̫ķա
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̰ۼ飬Խһּɲˡ
¡ڶںӶʡƿδʽչҪսȻʡǣԶڶɽȻעȴһʱ֮ҲҵʵѡɽȥǱɴտڲˣֻ侲ع۲ţ˭⼸ܻճҪλá
ճȥûãӽ鳤ĵ绰ʹˡ
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ĶһµģǱϾû뿪ʡί¥ҪֳìͰʡίλ೤೤֮ĲϸˣⲢʲô¶ϾʡǰĴ֣ûüȥء
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ȴţһûʵںҪ鷢ôһҪ˦ģĻôʡϺδ棿
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ϵĲ飬¡뿴ҵķӦ࣬û׼Ҫɽǵˡ
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һɲҿ϶΢ʵģЩ
ȻˣǼöδŮӵģ϶ҶкøУվͶʵϿˣϾôĸɲʵδ֮ǣܹΪĻǿһ
ǽ죬Ȼ˵˾ȻͼɱҶɽеĴгʱ˵鶼ޱȷ߿ġ
ֶκݶ
ʹðɱֶ⣬κʱǱݵģҪ׷ġ
ΪȻ¡ڴʡҲ̾ͱԼ̬ȣɽǣΪʷǳأԵطһֵİɱǴ£ദ׷Σһ˿ͱҪϲȥԲܹ÷ң⣡
˷׷ױ̬ͬ¡ͬ־顣
ɽ֮Ҳͷ̬ãͬ־ǵǳһ£ϲȥ۲鵽ʲôˣһҪһ鵽ף׷Σ
˵ɽеǱһЩҽʡǸӰɣ


912 עĽ
¡ھ˼֮󣬾ƳٶԶɽйĿʱ䡣
úĶɽоһըҩͰ֪ʲôʱᱻʱȥ˶ɽУȻ붫ɽҪ쵼ɲǵķȥ
Ȼ˵¡пǹҪڶɽе쵼зֲ֮ģĿǰ£һһȿŶɽеȶ֮ٿΪá
óȻֽȥпܻԼܴĲ㡣
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¡ǿơҲáҶʡ칫Ϣ󣬾Цӵһ߶
Ȼ¡ڲͽɽе鷳
Ȼ˵ڶɽȷʵһЩˣϣԱס¡ڵĴȣڱܹѣ¡ôˣȻ̰ͼӬͷСԼΣС
Ͼɽежô⣬ֻھ֮˲ܹܵõʡЩ쵼Ҳúֵػ
¡ڶڶɽȾָ֮ģȴҲûбҪѡôһʱ˵Ļ룬˼Ǵʡ׾ܹҵڡ
ֻЩ˶ϢǸеȽʧġ
¡ڲɽöʱһ¶˵
˵ʡ漴һί֮Ҳе⣬ôһҶίְȨһҪˣɽм˫ͷθ֮УҶԣ˵ϲѶ
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ٸɲ⣬ʱҶȴǺܿˣ˷¼֮Ҫ³гλŻһгһгĶӣ˵ʵǣɽҲû˸Сг
ȻѾﵽԤĿģҲͲҪͱˡ
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ҵƹİҲ٣λֵܺڰ֣¢˶ɽеĵ·֯ȫĲˡ
ֵܶˣ̹ᣬ˵ڰ׹ᣬ˼£ΪɽϵŴ
λеϢȥ֮󣬶ɽϰǾԷȼ˱ڣһСʱȺڶʡ쵼ɲǼŻľģʾһµ֧֡
ģǷйҶʱ鵹ԵñȽϵ
ʵϣ˶ֻλʱҶ뵽ܹܶΪµӰ죬ʱҲû뵽λϾȻô⣬Ȼǰ̶ˡ
û뵽ֵܾȻУʵʹġɽΪĺʱ飬ȻǷǳӵģҲò쵼ǰ̬ǵȷģϰǴ˺ǲʹģҪܽᾭ飬ܺøɲ飬ٷƵ¼
ΪίרְǣʵĺӰڶɽвֻڰͨԣʵӰҪĺǿһЩ
ʱ£ĺȻһ֣ǿôţƵһλг͵ҶǰҲɵһЩ
˭ܹµõһҶǰˣ˭أ
λճɽо͸ô̵гĺʱȻ˼־ֻʡίطǶҶ̬ȣܹóҶıжôˣѹֶ˵ǸҺҶҵү
ڸıҶȻǸɡ
ּ֯ʾҼ֧ʡίίЩܷӶף
ⷽ浹ûǣȥʱȻֵÿ̨ĺԱҲ˵ǰֳԼ
ίǶηеɽгô飬ίʱеѿģʡίط˳ĬֻǾ̬ķչѡ
ļλίҲ׷׷Լ֮ܶΪǺõģλֵǶɽеĶ٣ֵһαװԼϿƺʩ壬ʵȴеŮ潣ӻˮ
һʡίίȷһŻɽϰսĸ֮
طȻǵ̬Щ⣬λֵ̾ᶫɽУѾһˣҾͲƽʱûбֳһ쳣ΪʲôҶг˶ɽм죬ܹ⣬Ҽʱ鷳˵ǵЩɲǣ˼ϾûιΪľ
ֻԼСδ򣬲ĹӦοչϰյάĹԱǲеģطϴɫɽΪʡٹ·;һУڹĿҲߣǲܹץΣ⣬ôĿǷ񻹻ɽвռ䣬ͺ˵ˡ
ôһȻԶɽиɲǵĴܴ
ٹ·ĿͶʾ޴ĸҵЧԣĿѾʼˣɽҲӦĿԿڻ飬Ҳ˵ɽܹлһЩᣬ߾ҵʣ룬Ⱥȵȡ
Ϊλֵӣǵʡ쵼ǲˣֱƿɽ̣ôɽ߶ͼɵʲô̲ˡ
Ҷ飬ʵǺνģէ̸ʲô󣬵ĺ˾Ͳͬˣǿָ̾ʵԼĹϵǺôʱطǵĻͷǳż֮ǰӦա
˷׷ױʾίӦÿչһƺƴķѧϰʱҪѧϰҪʵУЧҪͻҪڶɽйٳϿչһη̰ΪɽиɲǴһĹ
ãĿԴطǵı֤֮󣬵ͷش
Ҷ¶ǺģΪ֪ίǺܿ͵ˣʱһ϶ѣô
Щ飬ԼעӦüθöɽеľùϣΪгӦȥصƶ顣
ֵܵİӣܿ컹ڸýϿʼˡ
ӵͬʱҲע⵽׮֮һӰǾǶɽдгҶ
һСģҶֳýĽ㣬еǳĲ


913 
³׳Ҷ̾һ
ǵԼȴϣһڶɽıչģڳʲô飬ȷʵҪһЩųġ
ϾͨҪڹٳΪԱ֮ศɣԱԽ߲쵼ĶĿ֮С
ǶҶͲҪˣҪľʵʵڵĳɼȻкܶ˻ῴõ
ҪŬ쵼ǵĸֳɼģԱܹñεĻᣬҶǴôнĲǴúܡ
Ҷصʱ򣬾ͽӵ˸ٹ·Ŀ칫ҵĵ绰鳤˵һͨĿе޷Ǿһʽʹ⣬ڶɽеһЩͬĿ⡣
ҶԷаСʱӣǷ˵绰
ֽӵҶƽĵ绰Ҷϵ֪Ͷ飬ȻǸ𾪣ҷ߿Դ֮ںӶʡĻǳ⡣
ʵҲһҵģϾıɱг˭е𡣡Ҷڵ绰˵ҪĿģҪıɱʱסҼҵһ֤ˣֻɱҸʶˡ
ˣǴ±һӶʡԿǶþ첿;ơҶƽرʾ
ţǿԿǵġҶͷͬˡ
ʵϣ鲢ûжôӡ
ΪҶλõЩ¼һ±ҶûֱתԼˣһЩ֣Բʵࡣ
ֻǣҶһֱûй˵Ͽѡ
뵽¶ͻص¥Լķ棬Ǳ±һȽϤ֣ȻӦֱţҵǺ¼Ž¼档
ܳû뵽һһˣ¶٣үҶеסˡ
Сʱ֮ҶеڸģɫĴӷ˳ܵȥˮȡ
¼ĳȵСӰˣȷʵ̼ġ
ҶſһЩе嶯ĸоɼжô𱬡
ֻǹ֮ͷ֣ºˣûˮ
ҶһĥͮɩȥˣҲûҡ
ɽˮȻˮ˾ṩˮȻﲻֱˮļҶһ£ǾҪԼһˮ
ͽһˮȼˮԼڳԱ߶ɳ棬һݶıֽ
ɽűĻرֽвٵϢȻһЩǼӹزģҶȥܹһЩġ
Ҷгôˣ
Ҷ̧ͷһͿֻº˹Щؿ
Ҷһۣͷλίֻźܵ˯£ԼƺܹⶥСӣҵ״ȻյģӴȴ¶İۼҲʾ
ҶгôԼˮأˡ̾Ϳ˷ȼ¯ϵĲʱ˵
Ŷֲʲô¶ҶΪȻ
¸ߣˮܿտˣཫŵıºŵһԵĳϣˮȻӵ淭һƿӲš˸ӣ豭浹һЩϿˮȻҶ˵ҶгӲȰɣֹʣλġ
ţлл㲻ôæԼͿˡҶͷʾ
Ȼ˵ǳڴţҶڳ鲢İЩС¶治ʲôóһӴҲδ顣
û¶֮Ͼסʵ߶ҶгˡЦһ£豭һԵϣȻתҪȥñº
ƫƫû⣬ĴʯϣոյһӲ裬ۺܶ࣬Ūõܻˡ
Ƥϲ棬ʱ˴󣬽ʧȥƽ⣬ֱͦͦسŵˤ˹ȥ
Ҷ״Ҳһ
ӲĴʯ棬ˤʵˣŪͷѪҲҪŤ˲˵ģļҴ·ô˲Źأ
Ҳһ֮ң΢һͽס
ֻ൹̫ˣӼҶĻȥ˷ž䵽˳ɳ档
̾͸еЩס
ո˾ԼôͰҶгѹˣ治ɵЩ֣̿¶Ūģ
ܿ;ЩԾҶгӲֱͦͦضСƺܰ˴̴һ㡣
ʶʲô֮󣬳Ϊ˸õί;һ̱ҶĻ档
ŮͬٸֳĵֿʵҪö࣬Ͼʶ˷֮ĿܾСˣҶ˲Ӹλ쵼Ƿݵ꣬ڹٸɱʵ̫ˡ
౾ˤһӾЩ֫ʱֱҶȾͬһ㣬ûа
ҶҲòȥոλ¼Щ¼һӵĻûطйԲ¥ˮȵģû뵽ȴ顣
ǱеӲôһѹһײеŭĸо
ټһֱûⷽĻйҶӶʱһеƲסĸо
ʵϣǰһӴӴʦǱ߶õʲô˫ؼ֮ҶⷽĵֿеͣƺҲȽʢһЩҲھͼ˾ϡ
ֻഩôֹˣԼҲTͶ̿㣬ջʵԵֵ
Ҳ֪ôģҶһͷں㷢ɢԼϣˣ񻶯˵̬¶ķ۱ȣӨѩף˼ջһʱ֮Գ֣鲻ԽҪ
ҶҲѳֲס̲סһٸѹڳɳϣӣܲ˵ס绨ҡֶסǽ޶˵촽ΪǿӲ˿ݣס࣬˱
ҪһƬ磬۾ƺ˵ӣˮضҶֳյĶ̬һ˫ҲҶĺ˼£ȥļŬͼҶȥ
ȻʵĿģֻҶΪΪ
Ҷ΢˵Ƿԣ˵ǰưͣû˿ãһ˫ָؿڣʱͷһ˫ۣһµؼţҲ˳Ƹأ˿˯ۣӷҲȻͬƷζļȣڳһʱĻŭţˬ˼㡣
ü΢֬ϣֳĽ̬һ˫С֣ҶļͷãȻţʮƯָҲ΢΢ʱץʱչҶԵǣĿҲǸһˮ


914 Ů
ɩɩͻȻ¥ϴͮ
ˣʱ˹ͷǳס
˯£ѾҶһԶزؾҪǰţɺĿ˿ڿҲ¶·ݡ
ҶTҲزϣ̿ϾˣԴ
̾͸ееˣ֪ҶƿȻæҵԼ·ڿȥֽ˯·ŽԼͷظŬԼĺƽ
ղŵһǣеԳܣʱȻͨͨͨ
Ŀ⿴Ҷʱ򣬾ͼҶ̿ȥɳ潫һıֽ
Ҷһӣ˸Ѫͷ
ǵгģ׶һ
֮ĹҵĶΪĶء
˵֮䣬ͮ¥ˣ߽˳档
ҶгͮҶɵһ£Ȼʹ˸к
ڵȽңȻѾ˺ܶ࣬ǱܣֲλǿֿλԼǰУЩѪܵĳ£Ȼһָܹġ
Ѷɽĸ鱳Ѻͳͮе޷ܡ
ҶʱҲֻǲһ£˵ҶȻˣȴûзɩɩɫе糺죬ϢҲеȡ
ŶߣûкһЩˣҶǳסԾ̧ͷ΢ЦܶҪæҲûй˵Ϲһ¡
Ѿöˡͮͷشϣصλȥ
żҶˣ̧ͷһӻûд꣬ЩҲĻȥһΣգҿСһЩΪϡ
Ҷ˵ĻȻǸԣȻѾˣλŻĴ󲿷ֹǸɷҲ֮Էվ©֮ģ߶ĸɲǣ˵ûǵҷӡ
Щ˸ѰöˣôͮҪ֤˾ǴΣյģһӹɡ
Ҷг˵öԡͶͮ˵Ҫ񣬾ǺúϢջָԺ˵ɡ
϶һӲݵͮ棬ȵӲɣһλ𡣡
ͮûж룬һڣζ¶Ҳʣһȥ
ӷµʱ򣬾ͿҲһӲ裬ںţȴǷֻҶֿտգɸɵ￴ֽͮɵЩ죬˵ɩɩ¶Ҳ̫û׶ôͲ֪Ҷгһأ
ܹסҶг棬ѾǺѵõĻǲȥͽݱʲô飬ӦǺ
ֻûüʲôӦͱţűº§ˡ
Ҷˣ㽫ֽ£ӣЦҡҡͷ˵Ů˲ܵһʹСӳʲôҲпܵġ
滹ˮҶ˸ӣԼЩӲ裬Ȼ棬һ߶ţһ߶űֽ
ڱֽ棬ҶҲһϢеȤ
һṩţ˵ڶɽзʯǱ߶ɲֲҪһԴʽģʽ
¶Ҷ֮󣬾;еԾ
һЩҵĿӦþѧ֤֮󣬲Żľߣ⣬˽ⲻһʱ֮Ҳ޷ȷֻۣǾôƺе׵ġ
Ӧȥһ£һ˶ʯءҶ˼飬߻˳Ҳûв
࿴ų˼еҶȻλгϣȷʵһַǳǿܹ˲֪֮ͳС
ӲҶĽëеȽ۾ɣտտ˼ʱüͷ΢һЩܹóڶԽ⡣
ſţ಻ɵЩˡ
¥ǴҶղŵ˵ģϹҸܺã˷ʲôܹϵղŵ飬ֻһѡ
ߵ࿴ҶʱԼĿģֻǾãǰҶɢ˵Ȼֻһˡ
ôˡԼЩ̣ȻЩ鶯Ͻĵ˳ȥΪԼһ˿궯ѡ
ߣղСͮ¥һЩĻҪĳˣ벻¶ƺҲһ֮䣬ʱȥĻԼƺҲûкܶ࿹ܵ˼
Ҫ֪Ҷϣй⻷ͬʱ쵼⻷
ͬٳ֮еòٸԣջǷǳǿģѾĸɲίǲȨƵĹְΪһϽĵŮԸɲԣȻҲϣõεġ
ԼףղŵΣգһСľͳʧٸ
طǲܴˣһػص¥ϣܵͮķ档
ɩɩô֡ڴϿͮһ㶣û뵽ܻˡ
Һһ˯ɣҲ㡣ԼͦɳܵģȻСӵơ
ʵҶģҹԼķ䣬ͬʱԼҲеģԼ̲סܵҶķȥͻš
ܶԲϹ
Ϲɽɱƽƽӻе֣ǶǼõģȻƽʱҲֱŤʱ򣬿Ƿ֮䱾ûиҹĳҲûĴ㡣
߶һԼϹĺôƺ˵ԼҪǽĺӡ
ɩɩɫеͷģǲﲻͮȻɫЩ죬Ǿһ£ȻЩ̣ɵóԾ˵
ôûз֡йϵûбֳֻЩطʵԼûаɣҾúǸղ¥ʱһЩɡ
û¶ͺáͮϣûʲô쳣ŷġ
౻ͮдɵÿЦ־˻ȥ
ŮڴϷţŤһŶ
ɩɩġҸиͮץزЦ
Сɧӣ㷢˰ɡҲС෴ץ˻ȥЩ˵ûп
ȻҧͮĶ䣬ʵǲǱɽģ
ûУǸˡ֣ͮʱͲ˺ܶ࣬û뵽СˣǰϹۡ
ͮ氵̾˿СǰԶɽĹģֻû뵽ɽԼסѹԸʶ䣬Ҫͮˮֻ˵Լڶ䣬Թñˡ
һЩĻͮ˵ûãɩ˵ЦڴһŶ


915 
ͮɩͬҶȴһҹû˯á
֮ǰλЩ¼˻ָ֮ڳ淢˵ŪҶĻԣĳӲɳڲеĸо
ڴϷȥģһֱ賿ĵӣ˯˹ȥ
棬Ҷ;ƺüŮ˸ݣԴģʱ򣬾ͷڿЩ
ǿɳܰҶһԼ˵ͼڣʱе
ΪһõӵкüλƷŮ˵ҹӣΪĴгŶɽн˿ڵȨȻûź򡭡
ҶҲûʲôƢ¹淭һڿϣȻͰڿӵϴ»Ա߶Ŀ档
ȥݻطǡ
⣬ѾһЩȽءطҶȻ˵ҵǾʵ֤ݣȻƽ˾֮ǰӦȰְȥ鿪ô
֧쵼ľôɡҶȻûʲô÷Եġ
ԣʵڲֵλǶɽĵ·Żͷ֮Ҳͳ׽ˣ֮һֱûжֻ֣ڿ永ȣԼжڵ
ȻڵõһЩ֤ݣѾ㹻ͽطǲŻ촦¡
ϾΪʡίίίǣطǲܳʱڶɽУʡ滹кܶ๤Ҫھ߶ѡ
ɽеĸɲܲáطǽžͿҶ˵ɽй֮ȾҪ϶µؽ⣬ˣȻҪ⣬һҪĹɲסа
ףһŬġҶͷʾֻǶɽΪֿȽ϶࣬˽ǮĽ϶࣬ڸɲԣҲڲСջ󣬵˼֣ЧǺԣҸɲнҲȽϵͣⲢڷ
طҶĻ˵ͷ֪Ҷ˵Ļʵ
ȫ淢չãҲһǮǰʮʱº̵ĸɲѧǣһС߳һζʱ䣬һĸ߳ټһЩʵʴڵ˵Чձ鲻ãطѣɲ˵ĹʷŶһѣԶ鲢ô
£ȨǮͿʼ͹ˣҶҪеȨΪԼһϵ⣬˵ʲôģЩһЩȨУѾݻձ
νѽѿѰ죬޷ǾΪһǷλѡ
Ǯ䵱שǶԷɫͺÿˣЦӭҲ֡
һ£˵ҪĹǲ׵ģҶԼǷܹ⣬ǱűȽϻɵ̬ȵġ
֪һ¶Ƿı䣬һ¶
νΪΪͰ¶ܽôˣôܸıˣ
ҶʼΪԱģԲŻСһǮͱ仵˵Ҫı˵ıԣ⼸ǲܰ쵽顣
ʵĳƶȣҲϸƶԼˣ⡣
ʵϣ̫̫շԶϿķƣⷽ棬ҶʼΪһЩʱøһЩڴ˿̵Ҳܹҵʵķд
ззִϣ⼸ֵǰᣬҪһȷķ淶ҵΪǴĿǰڵķȻܹ԰ȫкʵʵָ塣
ôߣʲô뷨طǶҶǺ˽ģҶɫЩԥ̾ʲô뷨ˡ
ȻҶ˵ͷȻ˵¶ð죬ĿǰģҲǼӴ󷴸ȶѣ˵ǵǷùֻ˵̵ԣͺͷˣλߵ۲ٿ̫ǿǵķ׼һƤеʱɣеʱԼòʣοϰգҶûģ̸η
طˣҲĬȻȽϸӣҲһʱܹ֮ıģĿǰܹģҲֻǾΪѡ
ôǾΪƾиط̾˿Ȼ̧ͷҶǳᶨض˵ȻվλϣȨӦüظ̰ЩܷǸͽη֪ɵĺΪǵ̰Ϊۣ
Ҷ֮󣬿ͷѾ˿˿׵طǣвɵȻ𾴡
֪λطڴܷ棬ȷʵǲͽη˲̳ҲڣҲܹεԼвյװӵŷ⡣
Щ飬ûжҡطǵģڸȻֻмһ
еˡҶЦЦüëֻҪڶɽйһ죬ͲܷݸǷľǡ
ڵݣȻ˵ĻǶɽµίǣҲȻλȨصгġ
ĻǺеģǸƶȷǵĹʾطҶ̬ʣҲܸˣǾ̸ҶǰЩ˻ƶȾǱ߶˺ԵõģȻ뿪УǽƶȸЧ
ҶˣҲЦŵ˵ͷ
Ȼ뿪УǽмίǵģԭмίǣλǱȽأҶĹҶϵеҪһԱƶҶԭƶ߷棬˵ǲ
ټлгľҪ֧ţҶǰһЩõûΪҶ뿪ͱϢ
ҲܺãҶЩˣϾԼĵطΪԼĴڶһЩĸı䣬ҲǺܿĵġ
ܿģ͸˲ˡ
Ȼ˽ֻݸҶгʯǱ߶¶ˣ
ʲôҶˣжʱһʲô飿
ҶгǷʯص䲿淢˴ģȺ¼ǺسڱΧˣ绰Щ˵
Ϊʲôԭ򣿡Ҷˣʱ׷ʵ
Ϊɲƹֲ顭ش֪ô˳ͻǰȥ⹤ίǺسȺڸΧˣͶҲ֪ôˡ
ôȺڹģȻ飿Ҷˣʱǳ
һС¶ܱǸɴģȺ¼ֻ˵洦ֶΣʵ̫˻ˣ
ǲô˵Ҷ֮Ͼ·顣


916 Ҫ
ôʯس⣿طǺ˿ڲˮüͷѯʵ
ʯظزͬʯصĿȽ٣ǼӹҵҪһЩũ˿ڶ࣬ɽҲ٣ӵҪش˼һ
Ǵ˸ʯزռơ
ĳʯʵҪصľһЩģҲһôΪ٣ƶ಻Էʯص˾ˮƽȴҪغһЩ
Ǳ߶ĸƶȽˡ
ʯصƹֲ֪ʲôԵʸȺ˳ͻίǺسΧסˡҶ˵ҵȥһ¡
Ŷطˣе죬˵ȻûмʶǰҪ쵼Χסߵȴ֮١
棬һЩΪ֪Ҳ˵
ҶȻȥʯؽ⣬Ϊһ֮ȻֻǴģǵλҲǷǳԺգΪôһС¶ȥʯش
͸г˽Ѵ˵绰˵顣
ϵһ£ȥ飬⴦ˣʲô˵飬ͷһ¡ҶԵ˽˵Ȼǿһ㣬֯ϴһӵӣҪúõرһԼҪϼ쵼ʧ
ǣһϹȥ⣡˽һ⻰Ȼǳܡ
Ĺٳ𣬲ĺĬˣгܵλİ֮У޷԰ΣһҪɲ϶ҪģȻҲϣлһ
ǰҶͶʾⷽ˼ǿһ£Ȼõ˽ѸеǳܣֻҪгλ䵽ԼУôٶŬҲֵõġ
Ҷ˵绰طǾͶҶ˵˽ϣҲеСëġ
覲ëĸɲҪȴèҶˡҶ֮󣬾ͻشձˣֻҪײǹϣҲܰһӴҪȥģȫƽýʼǴܸɲǷǶӦþܵͷǵܶԣٽĿչ˵ëǿԸŵģ΢ĿԽ̸ԵҪԼصģȻҪͷ죬׷ˡ
ţĻȷġط֮󣬵˵ͷʵֱҲǼίչһҪݣ㵽˶ɽ֮Ұ˺ܶ࣬һֵλûǱȽܶ˵ġ
ǺǣҲû취顣ҶЦŻӦҵǳҪڣͱҪø࣬ôҸеҲǿϵģܹܶʵʹģԽô룬Խᾤҵҵı
طǶҶĻǱȽͬģȻ뵽ͬɲĳԡ
ȻɲϣܻһЩ⣬˵鲻̫ʢܷڵȵȣеҲܶ࣬˵Ҷղ˵ЩΪҪڣԾͱ븶ŬܹΡ
ôҲ͸ɼΪǹŬƴ
෴ںܶϸɲǶԣǰ׵ɣĿУѾҪ飬ʱȺΨһ׷
ôһܹʵµϸɲǾͺˡ
һ飬ϣܹõǵ֧֡Ҷһתᵽһ⣬λЩ¼
Ҷ֮طʱüͷ
飬һ֮ӰȽϴ󡣡طЩرʾĵĲǶģҵһȲ⣬ʱһšЩͬ־ûд⣬¶ҿš
ԼǣҲôġҶ˵
Ȼ֪λô㵽Щ¼ģǴӱڱ淢飬Ҷ뵽˵ǺǵʱҲƵ飬ھƵҵ٣ǿ̲ݻˡ
ǶЩпڵľƵݺֳӦýһصͻ飬鹤ƶȻ
Ů֮£˵Ȼֵۣûд͵ĻҲֻ˵ǸǷȱӦóΪһɲǲܸɹҪ׼
ҶԼⷽȻҲ⣬ڹϵĻԲκˣϸ˵һǷܹ˽͹ֿ⡣
ܹشø͹ϵ⣬ôɲǳģ෴ΪˣеְȨ̵ƣΪĳЩ͹棬ǾͺܳˣҪġ
ͳ׹ʵϰ˵ҲֻǱΪ㣬пͳΪûдиͣԴȻһʹȴûΪ¶Ϊûʸͳ
ΪѡͳҪѡһҵģѡһ±
ɲǷְҪǿǹΣʱ̶ǵ¶
оһ⣬־ѾʵһЩ˹ͨȻ˻ܣ㽫λһʡίҪ쵼л㱨˽¡
ʵҲǺ¶ط̾˿һ֮ǺץɲĻٶɽеĹٳ֮ڣᰲȺܶ࣬ϣܹŽѹãѶɽеľøȥϰǸԣܵĸ￪ŵĳɹ
ǻġҶͷ֤
Щ飬Ҷġ
ɽУȻΪҪһܹƽֵɲҿɽеĸӣͬʱҲһץýĸɲѾмɲҪ⣬ôȻҪץý裬˵ˡ
ȷɽеľڷĵġҶط˵
ôطˣʱһЩŵؿҶ
Ȼ˵ھý蹤УЩǳʶҪɽеľ÷ôɽеľҪʡˣֳɼҶҪʡҲûġ
Ҷ׳־ԭҪʡ쵼ǵ룬Զ˲ۡ
ãǾĿԴˣطȻЩɣҶȻ˵ĻȻҲܹˮ
Ӧõģһ룬Ҷûöɽеľڷֻٷ֮ʮҲ൱׵ĳɼˡ
ϾӶʡ½ʡݣ÷չȫʡ˵ͺһЩģҶܹ˵귭ĻôʡڶһģȫΧڶҪ
غʡкܶŻ͵ƵģɽвûЩǰᣬҶԲĻطɣϼһӹƽ̨ⷢȡ
Ȼ˵϶ǴڶģǴҵĿʼֻһǾҪѡܹҽչ첽ǰǸˣùҸӷʢ
ҶȻᣬҲǺѡ֮һǺҪһ


917 Ҷге
ҶгӴôˣҶ̲ͮסһ
ȻѾƽˣͮȻȽϹģһΪӲܳأͲûȥһΪڶɽȻһЩ޷ͻ
Ȼ˵ɽγ׹Ԩ⼸ĸҲǺܿԵģϾڴѧʱһһЩʱ⡣
ҶͮһۣͿŮеһ˿ŻشĿǰȻڼί֮еģܿͻ˾ˡ
ǡͮԥһ£֪ǷӦ˵ڡ
ɽ飬˵᲻ᣬ˵زأûмʱ䣬ӦǳģλǮƷ©ˮ֮ҲλĶƷ⡭Ҷ֪ͮҪʲô⣬Ҳ֪Ĵ˼ɣҲû˵ڣǰ½һ£ֻǴӷҹƾиʮҰɣڹãͳˡ
ɽ⣬ǲ˶ƷһϾһ¼򣬾ǶɽݺͮģٸĻҲûʲôԩģֻͮδؾԸ¶ҲԶɽ
ĻٸɽϼڣҲ⡣
Ҷڶɽûʲô˽ԹֻǾ˵Ʒʵ̫ˡ
µ˲ûУǶԼŮѶܹµȥֵˣƷ϶ǻᱻ鵽ӵ˵еģһ˭ῴ
ʵϣҶ֪ɽǽηҲ˺ȥ
Ϊλͮ飬ôİӣбǣȥˣ˷ߺޣڶɽǱѺģ⻹󣬵һй󣬽ηĻǾ޷֤ˡ
˵й߶³Ȼܹµġ
֮ͮЩĬȻȻ˵ڶɽĶԹէһ˵пҪηʮʱ䣬ҲɵЩȻˡ
úõһˣôϲãͱأ
ÿ˶ҪΪԼ鸺ġҶͮӣͶ˵ôһ䡣
ҶȻûôͬģһ֮ĺˡ
ȻͮͶɽ֮飬ҲеЩ꣬Ⲣ˽Զɽһ棬ϾɽλŻеһԱһзһЩá
嶡ɽҪеʲôΣȻɷ˵㣬Ҷȥ˾
С㲻Ҫˡʱ˹Ҷг˵ûÿ˶ҪΪԼ鸺ġ
˵⻰ʱ۾ҶɨһۣȻһ˫أеҧгݵ˼
Ҷˣɵӣϵ飬Щ顣
Ȼô˵ָģֻϵ飬ҲܹҶһ˰ɣ
ഩô˯ǰȥֺɲɵصĻ棬Ҳ֮ΣֶŰɣ
Ҫ˵ʲôĻ˶ӦһЩεġ
ϾŮӣڴŷӦעһЩģĻŮѱǹ߻
Ҷг׳ˣ̫һЩŮ֮µĵֿҪöࡣ
׵ġͮȴûзɩӸҶ֮СֻҡҡͷΪʲôأ
ǸȾףЩ˿ԳȾЩ˾ͻܿ챻ͬ޷顣࿴СһѻҲͬ飬§Ȱο˵ףǻǲʺϰˣ˱Ͳͬ飬ɽĳ΢Ϳʺ㣬ҲҪǵĿġ
ʱȻãȰοͮʱ֮ǰ˶ͮɽ鲻ͬ⣬ԭǺܶģһζɽ¶ȴǵԸ㲻õŮǸɽˡ
ʵҵ˶ãԼѾͷʲôҲΪʲôҪ˶ɽСӣҪʲôûʲôģƷҲþͺãһγ飬ӡ֤ǵĿȷġ
ͮڵ˼ңɩĻƺҲûҲΪԼʹˣֻǾ˸Լ˸ЦԼݽһӡ
ΪõġҶͮļĳ˵һ䣬ȻתԼȥˡ
ΪʥҶ߶ԱҶǲҪԶˣʱѾڰ緹
ҶͻصԼķ䣬һЩڶɽиϣо
Ȼ˵ҶζɽдгѾЩˣôĵ̶˿ڣʮأҪ㵽˽⣬Ҳһ׵顣
ҶҲмƻŵȵȶ֮󣬾µȥһߣʵز鿴һ¸Ȼͳһķչ滮
룬ǰѶɽиһ͵ۺϷչĳУ޽ĸٹ·ٷչĶʮ꣬ҪڴõĻչ
ԺɽеĻԻͳɾͣҪҶľĴָ
ܹ쵽һĻҲҶûаɽΪһˡ
ԱڳŪͮȥϴ·
Ϊԭϴúڿ죬ɩȥϴ·ʵҲǽϴ·̳ӵϴ»棬ȵϴ̳֮ɹѡ
ȻǺܼ򵥵ĹչҪģŮһЩ˽ܵҪ˵ϴʲôģܲԸˡ
˵СãӦҸµ̸һˡһ߶ϴõһ߶ͮ˵ôڶԹȥĻ֮Уûаô
ʱ̸Щ飬뾡칤ͮҡҡͷ
ڼ涼ˡ
ʵͮԸ񲢲Ƶ͵ĻҲɲŮߣֻˣȽϵѡ
ɵӣŮҪ˵ģһͶ빤ģǸûмеġתϴ·һ߶ͮ˵ǧҪѧЩɵŮˣȵԼֲԾʱѾ˴Ůˣڶ
ףⲻǵ·ͮЩ״̬˳ִϴһЩͬʽҲԣһʽڿ㡣
Ҷг治ֱӾϴӡ࿴֮ƲƲ
Ů쵽һ治ʲôõϰߣǵ˿ܻҪһסһӣ;ӦŪϴ·ֿţϾֶôܹأ
մʲôˣôģͮմʲôɵЩɻؿ˿׾ָͷ棬ƺЩһĶȴֲǺԣٿڿʱ򣬾ͷʪһƬ
࿴֮󣬶ʱȻСʵ˵ӣ㲻治֪ʲôɣ
ֿͮ࣬˿ڿ㣬Ȼ˹̲סŻһȻ˹ȥ


918 ֮
Ѿͷѵûмⶫ࿴ܳȥͮЩ
ȷʵеģϾͮɽӴѧʶˣڲ̸ѣܻ˷޸顣
ڿƺСⷽǱȽϱصġ
Ҳãɶˣеźġҡҡͷ浹ϣͮû¶ⳡجѹ
Ϊһǰ;Ůߣе̨ŮˣͮԺķչǰǺܺõģΪϵһЩӰ쵽ͻǰ;
ǰʱ൹ǺܸͮҶģȴֵƢִֵСӲӣŪҶѿԲ
Ҷʶˣǲ˵¶ˡ
ֻãȻͮסҶӴ˴ֶǷǳɫˣһЩ뷨ܹһС
ΪԭŻͮĻͮδؾͺ˼ס
СûȥǴɩӡǿɾ鷳ˡ뵽ϵ⣬ɫɫ
ϸ˵ҶȷʵһֶصǳŮˣԴȴǳ¡
ܵԼƲסԼһɶ˻Ͳˡ
뵽飬಻ɵŬԼɷɽɵĺôŬȥ޵ʱ⡣
˵Ҳ֣Խ¶Խ뵽ԼɽЩ˽֮µʱ򣬲֪ƺɽɵͻҶ
ˡ಻ɵȴЩ죬ѵ˵ԼŮˣܰ
緹ʱҶ;е졣
ͮôףԲˣҶ˾˵Բ˿ɲУȱάذӪģҲôģʳƽ⻹ҪעⱣֵġ
˵ãܹͮԼڡ
Ҷһ˵̲ͮס˸ղŵ飬ָĸоɵøеθһ䶯˿ӣܡ
Ի˶ӣҶˣʱһĲ죬ҡͷӦǳԻ˶ӣķһԵģôܾԻ˶ӣѵǡˣ
ĿͶ࣬ͼһĲˬ
ҶгҪٰ֮ڿǵӣĺ˵᲻˻УϾѻŮˣ˵¶һ˼ɡ
Ҷһ϶ʱЩΡ
һסˣǴûЩ˼ɣʱͻȻŮͬӣٻܵһЩӰġ
˵⻰֮ҲеͻˣϾҶȻᣬȴ쵼˼Һıǣסڼ棬ǺܴˣԼôȷʵеӦá
ֻ뵽ϵ飬;ԼвҲ˭ռԼıأ
ҶгҼͮûмǸӦҲǿġ㲻Ҫ⡭Ҹղŵ̬ҲеáȻڷһתԵ˵
ţҴˡҶҲסϾ¶еףû뵽ȴͮõڿ㡣
󵽵ʱγҶȻ˵ͮӦˡ
ҶҲе棬ѵ˵ͮɽû¶ɣڼһųĶôķӦɣ
˵Ҳû˵ʲôͷԷ
ͮҲûٹ֮˸룬沦ЩˣԼ¥ȥͮȥˡ
ͻȻŮˣе鷳ҶͷҲ֪طɽкʡίıȥ֮ʡίôǵģ
˵Ӿ촦ĻԼ߶ҲͲô鷳ˣ칩ŮȴܶȷʵӰ
ɳһ绰
Ǹг˽Ѵĵ绰ҶгʯصѾסˣίǺسڳͻ˵ˣʮƽأûΣա
ôӣҶüͷѯʵ
ʵ飬ɲǲûд˽˵ؼ¶ȺѾץ˼µĴͷˡ
˽ѽһ·ʯط飬Ҷ׹飬ʵɲǲûʲô
ʯصزͬҵ࣬ǵˮƽȽϽӽɽҲ϶࣬Ϊ˷չҵ룬ڿˮֲɽֲˮҡ
¶ȻǺ¶ˣΪˮҵļ۸Ƚ׬ͷһɹģֲɹ֮ÿ궼ǳɹ۵ľЧ棬ʯصֲǴƵ롣
ΪһɽأܹҵôһĿĻ϶Ƿǳѵõġ
ʯصίǺسⷽ滹ǱȽùģҲʵñȽϵλˮֲľѡ񣬴ֲѡ񵽸ɲָЩͶ˴Դ
ۿžҪĿʵˣȴ鷳
ҥ˵ˮĿûǰ;Ҳ˲ȥҪɽɷѣž˵ƹˮֲʵϾΪ磬쵼˴Ĳʲôġ
˵Ȼ쵼ûⷽ⣬ô鲻ӦܵôҶ֮󣬾üʵϵûи״
Ҷŵ˽ѵİʵ棬ǻȨǮ׵ġ
ҲûзƵ飬˵ӲٻǿƹľֲʲôģũѪ޹飬øȺϵǳš
ʯص⣬ƺҶǰ˵һЩ飬֮ͬѹỳҲèˡ
ûУ˽ѵһҧֶҶ͵һʼʱҲɷʯصĸɲֽţҪǮǾ֮ͷ֣ľǴĹоϵˮƷ֣۸ҲǱȽϵ͵ģҷʯΪµӰ죬Ű񹫲沢ûʲôڡ
ȻʯطôˣΪʲôҪǣҶʵ
ҲǺеģһΪĻô⵽ô˵Χأ
֮˽ѶҶ͵ϸ˽֮ŷ֣ԭˮֲƻӰ쵽Щ˵ļƻԾ˳ͻһβΧµ˵УͷǼܹ˵ġ
ʲô֮ϵ˵һЩҶ׷ʵ
ⲻǸٹ·ѾĿҪʯ˾ʹ˷ʯصʯͷɽ⡭˽ѻش
ըɽȡʯҶˣڷӦˡ
ûըɽȡʯ˽ѵͷشˮֲƻӰ쵽ǵըɽȡʯƻԾ˳ͻǾϣѾˣȻˮֲƻ̥УǵķԸԲŲϧΧ쵼ͻ
ԭˡҶ֮ǳˣȥɵ˵һ䣬鵹ǱȽϵͣҪԴ


919 ˼·
ըɽȡʯҶˣڷӦˡ
ûըɽȡʯ˽ѵͷشˮֲƻӰ쵽ǵըɽȡʯƻԾ˳ͻǾϣѾˣȻˮֲƻ̥УǵķԸԲŲϧΧ쵼ͻ
ԭˡҶ֮ǳˣȥɵ˵һ䣬鵹ǱȽϵͣҪԴ
˽û˵ѵĻʯһεļƻЩѧݵģҶΪɽֲˮʲôģȷʵһƵĺ·
ԷŴµɣ޷Ǿ˵ˮĿûǰ;Ҳ˲ȥҪɽɷѣо˵ƹˮֲʵϾΪ磬쵼˴Ĳʲôġ
ɶʲôվסŵʵݣԺ׾ܱƷ
ڵķʯأȷʵ⣬ǵٹ·֮Ļʯ߶Ľͨ̾ͨޱˣٶĻҲ˵ĳȥ
ʯص쵼ѡֲˮңǺԶġ
ˮʢֲͿʼԴﵽʢڣһϺõĶʮ嵽ʮңֽܱϸߵĲ
ζ֮⣬ˮӪḻ֭࣬ḻʣѪ쵰ա
ʣҲлѪƽֹȵãҲһζҩǿ׳̲ܵѪˮƽ
ۺϿֲˮҵǰǷǳġ
Ҷһ£ٹ·ɵĻҲʱ䣬ʱܹʵĿʱٹ·ɣʯصˮֲҲȫܹвƷˣһҲ
˵쵼ĲʲôģҲվסţϾ鲻ҵ˽˹˾ǸҼũҵоĿľбϣһũҵѧָ˵ʯص쵼Ϊ飬˴ǰڹġ
ϵôһ˵ҵȥʯ߿ˡҶ뵽Щ飬ɵЩȤضԵ˽˵
ҶгҪǿȥӲ칤ǿ϶Ǹ˵ġ˽Ѿ˵Ҫ쵼̬֧֣ɲĹҲͺˣұϾֻǷֹܾϵͳⷽӰ
˵ץ˽ѿ϶ж˵ץýȻ˵ж˿˽ѵĵ϶ǲģϾֹܵݲԿ
һΣǷʯǱ߶ֳĻҲֵ˽ȥ
ϵҲҪԷƱһεĳгһְ֧ġҶһ
ҶĺܹõöĸгҲǵ˽ѱȽҲ԰ֲΪг϶ǷԼģҲں˵䣬Ҳϵ˳һŶ裬ԸΪ
λͳ޷ǾһȨ֣һǮ֣޷Ҫ󣬹ʲô˸ȥӰˣǲ׶ģؼʱ򣬻ǹñӺǮӵЧԡ
Ҷ˽̸һӣ;÷ʯص쵼ӣھý跽˼·ǺõģӦùȥǵʵҲþζǽз֣ϾҪԼѰҺʵĿ꣬Ҳһ׵顣
˿֮ģҪصעȴʵĻá
ҶгʯؾֳСɽ²ί쵼Σ֮Уɣҽְͣ˽ѺȻֶҶ˵
¶㿴ŰɡҶˣû˵ʲôĻ
һηʯس¶ؾַ϶ûоεģ˵ûʲôĻǻҪһ˽ܹ
ǲôؾְ²Ѳ˹ϵģ˽Ҫ׷ؾֺСɽΣҲ˵ǹ֡
ϾоֶؾֵĹϽǱȽϴģ˽Ҫܺ
ҶгһҪ˵һ¡˽˵һɿ¶ȻץˣǵͺܽûֱҧĻʹǸĻʹ߿϶ǵһҽʢĹ˾ҵ˵ҵȻǵ齨ģǱȴʡǵĹϵҲûʲô취
ǵĵϸӦ˽һЩġȷʵڲܱ˭ȸץ˵ҶԵ˽˵
Щ飬Ҷһ˼ɶûУ¡ڶԸΪУοİèģǺڵ׵ҶҲֻ˱һߡ
ǡ˽ˣʱȻ𾴡
ҶгȻţƣʶԷıʲôֱӾ͸˶ץˣǻ쵼ٲҪԷıȻȨ׵ʧƽϵġ
쵼¶Ȼ̹Ķࡣ
Ҷ˽֮󣬹ڷʯصĹ˼·
Ŀǰ˽ʯصίװӵĹǱȽϵģҲͦߵģӦùǴѹ
Ϊ쵼ҶȷʵԼбҪΪǳһЩ谭ʯطչĵһɨ⡣
ҲѹЩ쵼ĳְ֮ҪľǴЩؼΪֻҪЩ˴ڣͻԵصɺܴвĹԼİȫ⣬ⲻ̸ʲô㾭ý裿
һ룬ʢĹ˾ĿģҲδؾͽըɽȡʯһϣϾٹ·ĿȻҪٵʯȴҲھգðŵ쵼ķգȥָ߷յ顣
Ҫ֪һ˷ĻϵҲж
ҶãʢĹ˾֮ԸôһΪͷţһΪڷʯӦûиҪĺڡ
ô˵ҶԼӦþʱȥʯؿ
ϾЩ飬ֻԹȥ֮󣬲ܹóһȽϿ͹۵Ľ
ŷ¥ͮסķ䡣
ͮԵɡϲԵĽŹǣţ⡭˵λҶгĻʳ治ءཫŵ棬ſڴϵͮ˵
ûθڣ¶µ֫ˡͮػش
һ˺üΣͮŪˣʱԷ
࿴СӣɵðְҶһͨҶڿ㣬ҲͮôķӦ
ҲеˣôСӾôķӦأе˰ɣ
ΪŮˣͷö飿
ӣ˵̫һЩ̨ĴߣʲôûмʶΪôһ͸ӣཫ˹Щεضͮ˵һȥλתһȦܲҼΪ鵣İɣ
ɩɩҪߣͮˣе
˵ʵڻһͮ滹еµģȻ˵ίί¥棬Ҷı֮УͮǸее̤ʵ
˵ˣΪϴ·£ͮҶͲػڿ㣬̲סҪһ¡
ҲҪ룬ҶгȻᣬȴǺԭˣġСЩͳ԰ο
˵⻰֮󣬾;ԼҲеš


920 вֳ
ҲҪ룬ҶгȻᣬȴǺԭˣġСЩͳ԰ο
˵⻰֮󣬾;ԼҲеš
ԭֻϷЩ飬໳ɣʱСͮһԼҪɥҶħ֮ˡ
һΣȷʵеĵģֻ뵽Ҷͮľ֮ټͮڵͮҪҶʲô飬δؾǻ¶
ֻǣҶǷһͨŮӽ飬Ҳ˵
ǲô඼ΪͮʧҶҲȸŶɽҪõöࡣ
˵һͮż֮Ȼʲôˡ
ǸʱȻףԼǰļ֣Ƕôν˵޴
Ȱο£ͮվǴ񣬳ЩȻ˯
ԼҲеҲǺܼ͵ͷͮԣ֪˯˹ȥ
Ҷһϣ˱裬ȻʹСһ
¥ʱ̲סŤͷķɨһۣͼŽţͮķŻڡ
ͣס˽Ų͸ŷ濴һۣȻͿɩµڴϡ
˯ڼ棬ɩȻ룬ʵ˶ǴŵСģСڿ㣬֮⣬Ҳûʲô
ʱϵıѾΪ֫ʶƵһ߶Լ֮䣬ͿԿֱѹͮظ棬ͮѹûؾһ
ҶǶȿȥƺܹϵϸ΢Լͮľ£һüë΢ţ·ʲôĵ顣
Ҷפãӣĵ뿪ȥԼķ䡣
ĵӵʱҶڰ칫棬ӵҪĵ绰һģ˵Ϸһҷֹ˾˵⣬Ҫȥһ£ɽгҪƳٵʮ֮ˡ
ҶԴ˱ʾ½⣬ͬʱ˵¡ҲƳ˶ԶɽеĿ죬Ŷʱ֮ǵĸ۵ͲҲܹ԰İ¶
ڶ绰ϹܿģλŮʾѾԼϺʹ正ɽˡ
ϢҶǱȽϸӵġ
Ϲܿ正Ů˶ͬһ㣬һϺɽϼļ̳֮һӵٷ֮ʮĹɷݣֵʮԪļҲһϹϼļ̳ˣŮһĴڡ
ܹѡĻҶϣ˳ϹϵڼȻѾϹϵˣҲֻнһЩ˵Լܹлʲôô
ϾܹõúһЩĻҶĹսӦаġ
ܵʱĽԣҶټг칫ᣬһЩְλı䶯
ڻ飬ȥв־ְֳʥв־ֳ
ȻڲûܹӰõҶľίְȨҶг޵еĴڣ̾ͨˡ
ɢ֮󣬴ҵı鶼е졣
ǲ־ֳʥı飬еŭĿӵĸо
ϲ㣡ôһ仰ˤˡ
гıҲ֣ʥǰûбֳʲôҰôͻȻ˿һֳֶλأ¶֡
֮ǰֳָĽ֥ʵ飬󲿷˶˵ģĲǱˣʥ˵Ҳ˴˰
Ȼ˵ʥύı֮УǷԿڮ٣ǴڵĽְʥв־ֳȻʥѲ˸ϵ
ˣҲ˷߿ˡ
г˽ѿʥЦļ˵Ǵˣϲϲ
˸г˵ЦˣһɲʥЦŻش
ʵϣһγв־ֳʥȷʵһûᣬҲʵˣȻǺǣ˵Ľ֥ٽӣҲѻкӡ
Ϊʥ֮ٵһ⣬Ҫǰһӿڼ䣬ֵһʺͿˣĻҶǽȥˡ
Ȼ֪ʥǷݶ鱨潻ȥ֮󣬾ʯˣ˵Ҷûп
˵ʲô⣿˵ҶͲǷݶ鱨дݻʵģ˵ҶͿʥ֪ڵʱ£дʵ
ھͲͬˣΪֳλãʥѾûкĿܣ˵ѾǷĿɳôʥͱó涫͵ҶǱ߶ȥҶг½⡣
ĻֳôģͻôȥȫǿҶһ仰ѡ
ɲʹɲǲͬģɲдɲصһ˽Ц˵
ʵʥܹβֳ⣬˽ҲеЩ֣гǮӣԲֳͱгˣܹ˳ǮӣĻױܿյġ
ҶȻʥŪȥֳȻ˵òʥǴг߶ȥˣӦΪҶطģǵ˽Ѿ֪ʥһֱûн뵽ҶȦ档
Ϊˣ˽ѲŻʥλúܲȵʲô紵ݶģҶҲʲôϡ¶
ֻǵ˽벻ͨҶΪʲôҪôֱӻһĲֳѵǺѵ
ͳսٽܽӵĵ绰ʱҲеȣû뵽ҶȻôһֶ
˵һʵڻһη¶ʵźĽ֥񲻹ǰæ߶ѣûʲôôҶȴǳſȥģ˿ûᵽźĽ֥һ仰ٽܸеЩΪˡ
Ȼ˵ǿҶָ飬ϣſһ°Ÿʵλãƫƫϵ⻹ûѵҲǶأٽҲ
һΪ濵ͷǵҶˣôĽ֥ͺס
Ͽٰ꣬ϢһӣҴһ˵ٽҲֻô˵ˡ
ϾȻίίֹܵĲȴȽһЩҪΪĻҪһҵʵС
Ҫ֪ڵĶɽ˭ҲǲгҶ
˵绰֮ٽ˼룬;Ϊ֮ƣίĺҲҪϵͬߣϣҶĸѹ£ռ䡣
͸ĺȥ绰ǣٽܰҪȥ֪Ƿʱ䣿
õȷĻش֮ٽܾ͹˵绰ȻӼ淭װҶװֽ棬Ȼĺҵı˹ȥ


921 ʵϰ
ʱҶҪЩơƺȡ
ϰŵıơƣЩɵʵҶг㲻ڴС϶˵ս𣿡
ţ¶Ҷ˵ͷ鵭ظԼһơƣһںȥ
ֻݹٷŻ𣬲յƣʵ
һζɽз˺ܶ飬ǰв־ͷΪƶɾƾжĶ¼һɳɥȪ
֮Ҷ˽ʱĲֳһͨڴ֣صرʾһҪϰʱȾƵ⡣
Ҫָʱ䣬ϿԷһЩҶشʵ飬еʱҲðգӴ޾ƲªϰѾγϰˣԼϸҪ浥λ飬Ҳû취ֹֻȰĸˡ
Ҷг뷨ǺнԵģǰ쵼̫ˡ֮󣬾˵ʵľǳԷȾƣŮͬ־ǣǳƯһͺױȥʲôģˣƫƫֲܾܾĻ׸СЬ
ǰǵ̨ҲһСͮҲüͷӦӴǳԳԺȺȣҪŮ㣬ЩƷ񲻸ߵģⲻҪԶǸúúùһˡ
ԺȣҶЩȤʵ
ߡԼͬģɩͬʱҶһۣ֮ļϡ
ҶʱЦˣ˵ˣҶģԺŮרòƯĻûء
ˣҶԼҲûкȶơƣҲһƿӣɩһƿ
ȵļ棬ҵʳ񣬺ȵơƵڿθܶһ
Ҷгʲôʱܹ᰸ͮЩԥҶôȥ˶Ҫˡ
ȷʵеȶΪһഺŮӣƽʱϲֵģͻȻ治óŶͮԣһ㡣
ʵڸеƵĻҿ԰ȥ߶߶ɢɢġҶһʱ䣬;һʱӶˣǾͶ
ͮڶɽ߶ţȻһЩΣյģ̫ˣܹͮôӵĸɶˣ᲻ᷭǾͲ֪ҶӵУ϶ǻһЩġ
ⷽĿǣҶͮ뿪ɽУȥȥ߶߶ҲǿԿǵһѡ
˵ȥʵϰһζʱ䣬ΣҶʵ
̨֮ͮ󣬹Ȼ۾һ
Ϊȫϵͳеһط̨̨кܶ಻Ϊ֪ƵģΪˣͮȻҲȤֻҪ̨£Ҷ˵ʵϰ߽ޣҲҪǿܹõ
ؼһǣֻϵͳбȽϴӰˣа취顣
ҶȻǸɲͮȴ֪ǷĹϵ
ˣǱ߶ҲˣŸ˹ȥʲô¶ҶЦŶͮ˵Ǳ߶ľȽϼңŮܵż͸ˣǷǺҪһ²ͬ
ﶼоģҺһ̨ĹʽͮȻûֱ˵Ը֣ǻ˼Ѿˡ
ܹȥ̨һζʱ䣬͸ܹӹһζʱһЩڴ飬ͮȻܾ
ãšҶͷҲһ⣬Ǳ߶ʵϰĻһȥµʱ䣬ŵҲȽϽһһҪ⣬ڶɽ߶İӽ֮ǰ㲻ܹϾ
仰֮ͮ治ЩźΪһߣְˣϾĻζʧȥ˺ܶԼƽ̨
Ҳ˵һιȥ̨ѧϰֻһѧϰߵḶ́бƵ̨ǰһĻᡣ
ûô˽Ļµѧϰᣬ˵ĺôҲǺܶģִ̨ܹ󻷾ѧϰߣϤ̨Ĺģʽ鼤ҵ˲žģʽ޲Լҵʡ
µʱȻ㳤ܹĻ϶ͮҵͻͽĻᡣ
ǾͰҶгæˣҼͮСѧϰѧϰҲûлСѾ⶯ˣҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷʵܼ򵥣ֻҪѻ绰ˡ
ѻȻֻѲԱְһݿش󣬶ѻְֱӶԿйֻ֣Ҫ˵һ仰ܰ¶
Ҷ͸ѻ˸绰˵顣
ֻǸ˰æô򵥣ѻһҶҪæһŲ߽̊ʵϰ£ʱͰǲţҶûʲô˰ȥ
ţһЩ飬ŮҪ֤ˣܵҵıסҼҲǰ취Űŵ̨ȥ˳һ£ȵ߶Ҫ֤ͥҶѻ͵һҲʡ¶ҲĹѧϰȫ飿
Уȸе̨кܹˡѻ֮ڴӦ
Ҷ˵绰ֻͮɩһؿɵЩȻ
Ҷгĸʲôģô׾ܰ¶Щʵ
ţϵͳģ¶Ƚ϶ԿڶҶش
ͮˣĥţ˵ҶôѾɲˣĸ׿϶Ҳһˣ˼һӶǸ߹ء
飬˵涼ǸԲͬĸܡ
ͮȻǾһεĻѵãǻ¶¶Լ˳ȥߵĻᣬѵõĺܣʱɢһգöˡ
һСסҲеš
ҶôؽӴȷʵȽΣգϴξͲǹ߻һ߶ԲϹ治֪Ҫôˡ
ҲóСͮҶҲЩøУȻ˵ĿǰǺǿңվҲ˵˵ѣ˵Ҷгδ޵ģеǡ
ãͮһڸ˼ѵŮӡ
ԣǱ־ȽϺһЩɡ
Ⱦƣֶ֪ȥһƿ
ҶԼĶǣһЩ΢ĸо˿ڶĹɩ;һ޶ˣһϣһഺ󣬸ǧﰡ
ûã绰楴ġ
ܣôʱҴ绰ҶЦʵ
Ҷǹ˾һֳ⡣ڵ绰˵
ŶҶˣɵýֱɫҲࡣ


922 ̫ˣ
ӣƺǷһЩȽ鷳顭Ҷüͷ¥ȥˣͶСͮ˵
һ֮϶кܶ๤µġͮʶػشڵ棬Ƿȥ̨ʵϰźܴȤ
Ȼ˵ҶղŽ¶ûʲô⣬ûʽ֪֮ͨǰͮǾøβ࣬Ҳ֪ǷܹóԸ
Ͼ̨̨һ˶ԣǳش
Ҷʲô飬е棬ӦǱȽе飬ĻҶҲܿǣȥ¥ϡ
ɩӣȥ̨ʵϰĻͲô࣬ÿˡͮȻ˵
Ŷǰ˵ͷȴеȻʧĸо
ΪʲôͻȻĸоأеͷ˼ͷӦüʱɱС
Ҷ¥绰楽һ飬׷ʲô顣
ϻڵľӪΧѾ࣬עС˾ҲںһЩӹ˾иĿ
һγ¶һ֣ڻϻһҽԶ˹˾Ļ֡ȡߺšλһֵӣעȴ¼¡
ʮǰȡߺš뿪ۿڣжһԪԼƷϽ촫Ϣ˵ڲ˹˵أںêˡ
ֻںêÿĵĵˮ϶ǷǳӴģڽ϶ʱڽ⣬ǻΣա
Ƿ̬ȣ޷⡣
ڻϻ߶˵ܲΪԼǿȫԾϣáȡߺš˵ļأ˳ǰۿжȻ󷵺
˷𣿡ҶеЩ档
˵ǵĴֻΥɣͨ˹Ŀۿڡڵ绰н͵
ǵĴϣûֶҶܹ⡣
˿ҲΥĻǾͲ˵ˡ楻ش
һǱȽŵģ֮ΪΨһĳȻţҪʰ˭͸ʰ˭ɵ
ǵжǱ߶ڻ϶˵Χ֮£Ҷһʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲôð취⡣
飬ʼҪģĻĲڶ齨衣
ҶͷȻʲôǾ˵ȵȣ˽һ˵
˵绰͸岦˹ȥ
ϡ֮䣬һЩ飬ʱƺڹϷһӰȽԶ飬Ӻ¼
壬ǲһҽӺŵĻжǱ߶˶סˣҶһ͵ֱѯʵ
ô֪ˣʱЩطʵ
ȻˣҶˣô¶ˡ
ʵϣʱ⵽ΧµģǽǡӺš͡ȡߺšڴ½Ĵͻ֣϶˺ϡ
ӺšԶ˾ȫװ֣ٶװ䣬ʻжԤư³ͿԵִλڲ˹ĵϰݸжȻȥɳشۺͿظۡ
ȻǰԻ鱨ΪɣָءӺšװʴ컯ѧԭϣʻʵİ˹ۡ
ԱҪ½ȡʩֹһΪв˵ҪƲô½
⽻ĽУȻҪӺšַسأ˵Ǵͣĳص㣬䡣˵ֵģûּƻͣĸۿڹɢ鱨ݴҪЩֹûְƻж
ĿǰչˣҶѯʵ
ڽ֮УӺںƯشôͻȻ֪¶Ŀǰڲûͨ£ý巽涼֪
ŶǵһҴҲ˳֮ˡҶ˵Ȼ̾˿һҪնͬжĺˣˣҲڸ
һ£ֶپͳ
̨󹫿ƽ½ȨɢΪԻߵģݹΪ½ʩѹֶΣԻʵѹٱķ롣
ֶΪ˳һֹɢģ鱨֡鱨͹ԺԱɡΪȫɢߣ˿ɳ۽ȴ׼κԹڴ˱£ˡӺš¼
ڡӺš¼νҶġ
߲쵼˵棬Ը飬˵࣬Ȼ֪ôĻᣬ˶òҶġ
һεĻᣬȫǰȻʵжߣɾͲˡ
ԣҪ˲飬ԴӦĿľһݽ¡
ϾڹڵĺԶԶﲻںϸԵĳ̶ȣǿҵĳͻڴ½ԣûʲôô
Ҷ˵绰֮󣬾Ϳʼ飬ǵáӺš¼˲ң˳ôһʱ䣬Ӱʵ̫ˣҶɵȲ
ҪôأҶ֮˼룬ȴûҵʲôİ취
ֻȴ绰ȥٰ꣬Եɵģ˫չ̸֮ǰȹ۲һ£һ̬ܺûԵĸĹۣôʱûֻˡ
˼˵ú鷳ˣϢҲ˲
Ѿ֮䶷ĲˣȻǺ鷳顭ҶЦŻش
ְο楼䣬ҶҲȽơ
Ҳǿ˵ĵͲ㰡
˵Ǻʵ㹻ǿܹмҺĸ˹ȥôһͶˡ
ʱҶУǶãƴĻǳ
ûǿĺվʾȻ
뵽ԼȻǰ㵽˺ܶöЩֱΪֹȻûܹγսҶͲɵЩźˡ
Ҳڹڵľʵԣȷʵ֧𺣿վȫ潨裬ûǮƨ̣
Ȼ˵кܶ˶Ҫһɫ˵Զ˵ǴĽʵǺģ˵˭ᣬҪ̵Ļǿȫʵ˵ġ
ûǿĹ裬ûͶʾ޴ǿ󺣿վûкĸûǮĵʲôԿΨһĳأ
ڵĹԣڽһֲսǿάģҪ˵ʲôԶ볬ӾսĻȷʵδǽϵ߲š
߳ȥˣҲûӦսҪ˵˼ҵĺĸӶԿˣֻбѹķݶ
Щͷʹ⣬ҶҲܲվ̫˰
ҶӶȱǮ뷨˸ǮǾ飬ĸҲԶ̴ģ棬ҲԸ࿹⡣
ϧһУҪʱġ
ڣ֮£ԴåңҲֻװһ·ˡ


923 һƱ
ڶһ磬Ҷٿίᡣ
ԭӦûʲô¶̸һ̸еļճʲôģȴû뵽ίĺһ
Ҷгλͬ־мίתһЩٱţ¹طʯ쵼ӵģҾбҪôҿһĺ˵
ͽһЩϷַʽģһʮٱš
ҶҲһٱţûд֮ǰüͷмίǶηһۣȻЩġ
ĺӶηõЩ֮䣬϶һЩĻ׵ģĻͻȻŵί׳ۡ
Ҫ֪ʯص飬һֱǸг˽Ҷίģ˽ѾҶһҶҲϿ˵˽ѵĵ鱨档
ʱĺͻȻ׳һѾٱţھͺˡ
ϾڳίϣҶҲܹһ졣
ηҲеΣ¶ǳı⣬ǵڣҲֻӲͷƤ
ɽе쵼ЩңмίҲһЩϵġ
˵Ҷ˶ɽ֮󣬶̫ʸıϵɲгֵܶˣĳίҲе˺ܴѹ
˵Ҷĵλȹ֮ôί棬Ҳܹ⣬ǶɽлͳҶһ֮£
ԣȻĺܻᴥŭҶǿǵԺķչ⣬ηɻǵĺҪ̧ͷͱҪҶԣĻֻᱻơ
ʯصİӺܳ⣬ȻũֲˮңĲӰܴӰܻʺأϲ飡ͳսٽͻȻ˳˵
˵ǰ죬ʯػ˼ҵĸȺͻˡĺҲ˵ҵʱеǳ㵣ôˣɽдûз飬һַǳΣյźţܹԴĻµģ
ҶǷţƺԥǷҪһٽܺĺ׷̬֮ٲô¶Ǿ̫ٶˡ
Ҷеŷ⣬һ̣˿棬¶һ˿Цζʯص飬Ѿίе˽ͬ־ǰȥˣ̬ҲѾƽϢĿǰ¼Ҫԭϸµ֮Уǹ쵼ӵ⣬˽ͬ־ظġ룬ۻ軨ưɣ
ҶĻ֮˶ʱ涼Щ
¶ҶˣĺҪҶˡ
ҶɽôˣڳίһֱûвȡʲôȽϴĶĵģʱĺͻȻѡ˷ʯصΪͻƿڣԶ׼
죬˵Ҷɽ֮󣬱ĵһԤıķˡ
¹˭أ
˵涼ڵ飬ҶҲһ˶ѣէ٣鲻㣬Ųߣ£ҪӲλίίȷʵûʲôʤ㡣
Ҷһ䡰ۻ軨ȷʵúܶ˵棬е
ʵǣҶ̫ˣ
Щ˵У϶Թᵽۻ軨˵ˣһ仰˵Ƿŭ
ֻΪίίĸ߹٣Ĳô򵥵֮ۺƽ⡣
˸гȻ쵼žϵͳǾϵͳİҵҲģҾҪ巽ʯص⣬ҪίɳһרŵĹС飬һЩĺԵرʾ棬мίӦôͷŶԣǳ棬ҲȨԡ
ҶˣȻȷмίǶηɣȷʵѾĺ˺ˣˣĺҲƾٶηǣͷ鷽ʯص顣
üͷý¶ܹĺһӭͷʹǻñȽϸˡ
ڵĳίϣҶڹ۷֮Ķ˭ǿȻͻõ˵֧֣֮Ҷˣôſɾˡ
Ҫ֪ίܾҪˣҶûжʱٸǾЩС¶óԼľһ̵ĽѵС
СҶָ棬˵||Уׯˣмί첻յһѾٱţôһС¶ҲҪмίĻηͬ־ԺҪæŶˡ
ηˣһ
Ȼ˵֪Լĺˮ϶ҪվҶĶˣǴʱҶĿһӾͰصĿ꣬϶öηɸеȽƵġ
мίȷʵλȨأǻһĹֱӽίʡί쵼ġ
ҶʡίطǵĹϵͲҪ˵ˣӰ˵ίĵλҶҲǸǣίְȨȷʵ˺ܴѹ
ĺȻҲǸǣǵʵȨɾС˺ܶࡣ
ҶѹĺһӾίǣҲܰĺĸʹãϾְ͸ְϵǶģΪ漰һȨ⡣
Ȼˣĺܹڳίȡ㹻֧ߣ˶ҶȨǵҲпܽŤתġ
ְڣһҲӦõġηһҧڱ̬ˡ
ô˵Ȼȷʾ˻վĺ߶
ţҲãȻģôһ°ɡҶ˿ηɣȻŵͷ˵ʯص飬ҪҪɸȥһ£޳ɹͬ־֡
Ļ䣬ίĺмίǶηɺͳսٽܾͰ־ˡ
ţίί鳤ųҲ֡
Ʊ
ĺѾڳίõƱ
ɽеĳίһʮһλίǳȱгȱɾƱҲ˵ֻܹоƱˡ
ĺѾõƱ֧֣ȻʤȯգԵмѾҪٿˡ
ĺϣʱ¶Цݡ
һغϣѹҶҶڳίʹְȨһܴĴ
ҶȴǲΪ˵Ե֣
Ƚ־ȻͿܵˡ
ּ֯ĺԥؾ֣Ǿ˾ȫ壬ȻҲ֡
ί鳤ųˣ˵ãûȨڷʯص飬Ʊ޳ɣƱԣҾͼ¼ˡ
ȵȣ˭˵ԵֻƱˣҶȻͷʵ
ţ˶һ㶣֪ҶĻʲô˼
ֻĸͶ˷ƱѵЩˣȻ˶
ȻˣԵһƱҶڵػش
һġųʱˣͶ˷Ʊһһ£Ȼ˵ûҶгͶƱ㣬ֲ˾βһĸˣƱ
ĸ˲٣ƱͲˣѵ㲻֪һƱ𣿣Ҷ۾һɣЩضų˵


924 
ʲôһȻ
ίᣬһһƱִСίӵһƱȨҲǲõģ򲻽ᱻЦ˵޷ƿؾ棬ͬʱᱻΪר϶еһ£ίǵķȨ͸˵һֻõģٻʹ
ڵҶǴίְȨѣֲίǣȨ˵ĿУҪ˼֡
ҶȻ˵ԼһƱĻδ˸еס
Ҷг˵Цɣĺ̾ͱʾ˷ԣüͷίһһƱʲôʱһƱˣ
ǰҶгԾһգҲòô˵ͳսٽҲ˵
ʱһȫռƣȻҶҲôˡ
ôҶϾǸˣЩɾһ֮ȷʵܹȽϴҶѹס
ֻҪ״̬ܹάһζʱĻҶȫޣ֧ĳίǣҲ²Ϊġ
ĻΪ¼ҹ˵ҶȻ͵û뿪ɽˡ
˭˵ڿЦˣҶǸ˶ܹоϵɱȻҶг
˶һ㶣֪Ҷ⻰ʲô˼
ΪɽίǡгһƱǲɵģλҪǣʡίίУְȨҵĵڶƱҶָͬʱίίгȱ£ְҴܣҵĵƱ˵ҾֲǴΪгһƱǴΪгǡгְݣҲ˵Ʊ
Ҷ˵֮󣬽תŵĸֱһӣײ
ĺŴͣû뵽ҶȻô޳ܣȻܹ˵һ˴ųίƱֱǿʶУʵо
죬ȴ֪ȷʵ˵Ҳý綨
ƱǿĻһƱҲܶƱãοֿ˾ģ֮飬Ҫ˭ֹأ
˼ҶžʡίٶɽģѵʡίΪһ˲ܵƱһҲǲܵ顣
٣ɽǱ߶ǻ֧Ҷ˵ġ
ϾĳֽǶƱ˵ҲվסŵģϾ˼Ҵְ񣬶ǳίְȨ
˶˵ˣֻǿ˸¼ί鳤ų壬űʣȴЩΪѣ֪Ӧô¼ˡ
ѵҪڼ¼дϣĳգɽٿίᣬгҶһƱƱһѹĺǵˣΪʤ
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֮ܶһĺҪɷҶļƻȫʧˡ
Ҷˡɢᡱ֮󣬳ίǷ׷߳ңϱ졣
ϺΣƽʱԲģؼʱվͦҶгǲʲô˵ּ֯Ŀʵ
Ƕ²ˡޱرʾĶɽӦΪʯصİӱûʲôëòһȥôˣδĻ̻̣ڿչ
˾ȫ߿첽߹˺Ļɵðһ˵ĵǺΪϵ˾ô֧ܿҶ
Ϊ˾ȫȻλίίǺٻ뵽ֵطȥһƱǴڳȨ״̬ģڹؼʱȴΪĹؼ
ȫ뷨Ǻܼ򵥵ģ˭Լ֧˭
һεͻȻ̬ȴԭġ
ĺ˵ɫȴǼÿ߳ʱҲǽ
һΣĺͳսٽ֣˼ίǶηɡί񣬻ί鳤ų壬ԭƱѾȵѹסҶˣ˭ҶȻһһƱƱʱǵ뷨գһӵ
ص˰칫֮ĺԽԽƣ͸˴˵绰
һӣ˾ܵί治Զһ¥棬˸Ƚϴķ£̸۽췢顣
̫ˣôе۸ˣһƱôܵƱãͳսٽȾͱʾ˼Ȳ
鲻˵ίǶηɱԸ뵽ǵĶУίгȻԣС߬ٽܵУҲӦϣʱͱȽϹ˵ҶְλƱ˵ǽͨġ
ǲǽͨؼҪĿίʾϼ쵼ΪǾǶԵģϼ쵼òʣǾǴġԣҾ¶ɣӦϼӳһ£ϾҶгô˾еרȨˡ
˷׷׵ͷǶҶһ˼ְȷʵЩ׵ڳίеƱУҪıֲ״ֻ̬Ǹϼ㱨ϼһλίɽִ֡
Ψˣܹı䶫ɽ棬ҶһҶľ档
˵ίǾ˭һˣǾνˣʱһҪһأ֪µĸγɡ
ڴҵ涼һ뷨ֻҪǲҪҶٰίίһã˭ίǣҶǿԽܵġ
ֻ˶ЩԾû뵽ҶôһСӣ˶ɽżʱ䣬ͰɽиüɹһгһίίгͬʱʣļίǸŪʧȥ˴ڼֵ
¶Ҫ˵Ļƶûʲô˿ţȴƫƫˣ˵˸е档
ڽ顭ίĺ˿ˣȻ˵ҾûӦϼ쵼֪ģҶͬ־ôȻǿʶ˵иݵģƺҲ˵ͨΪôǲ׵ģǲƵġ
˵öԣҲǲ̵ġͳսٽ̾ͱ̬Ҳϼ쵼ӦɽеĲ󡣡
ĺۺ˵֮˵˵ĳ徢ʮ㣬ȱҲǺܶģǲΪҶͬ־ᣬͷΪĳɳǲġΪ˶ɽ֮׵Ĵþ棬ҲΪҶͬ־ĸǰ;ҾãбҪϼ쵼˵¡
ί̾ͬҲǸ״ͬ־֮İɡϾߵͬ־⣬˲õͷǵҲǲʵġǰѺβ
ȻҶͬô죬ǾͶˡĺûö˴¡
ʵϣûڳίϾҲǿǵʱͶסҶƱ˵ôھûˡ
ĺıȻô׷Źá


925 ֮
ɽгίϷ飬վǴ˳ȥ
Ҷгţưһ˶Ʊţ
ίҲǰ谡ڶɽоӪô꣬һ˲񣿡
Ǿͺ˵ˣϾ˼ҶгбµˣҪȻҲͳ˴г
֮ܶɽҪƽˡ
ƨ£Ҿһֵġ
ɽеĹٳϣڴµһֱûͣЪ
ٳȻܶ˶ⲢǴһЩоƲ⣬ȻԼжϣ˵Ƕѹ磬ѹ˶硣
ͨϢҲʡί
ʡίһγίϣʡ¡ھ˳顣
˵ɽеĸɲǶҶͬ־಻¡ڱʾ˵Ҷͬ־ڳίϣһƱƱ˵ôҸеܲ⡣
˵е׵ɣ飬ίĴڣΪֳƵʵ壬һƱĻⱾǶƶȵ£ΪҶͬ־ϵı֣⡣
¶˵ʡίطʾ˲ͬҶͬ־ɽйʡί㽫ġٵȷʵȽأίǳȱǰг⣬είίгҲ˫³ڶɽл˱¶ıɱвⶼ˵ɽеأȡȻʩܹ⣡ԣҶͬ־ʱڣʽ²ȡֶΣΪǺġ
ô˵Ȼеϸһ£ͻᷢ©ġһλί̬ƶȾƶȣǵߣƣҶͬ־ְȨΧڲȡҪֶΣάɽеİŽ棬ǾԲܹôǶƶȵļ̤ΪǲȡģҲǲ̵ܹģ
ƶȷʵݼ̤Ǿ֪ƶȶԣҶ˵޷񶨵طǵĻҲǾǹ涨沢û˵Ҷְ£ӵųίƱ
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ҶְȻͿӵųίƱܹƽ
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ĻƾʲôҪ˼Ҷôصĵ
Ȼ˼ҸôΣӦӦȨС
ϣΪҶͬ־ûʲô֯һɽҲ̬ˣ̬Ⱥܽ˼ǱȽȷģڸԭҶͬ־òְȨԵԭһְһݶȨҪųίƱ뷨ûʲôҪ˵ʲôĻǾ֯ſչʱЩ©ʵʵдڵһЩ⣬Ϊʡί֯Ҫֵġ
һɽ̬ȺȷˣҶܾǹ˵ҶµģҪӸھ֯Ƿˡ
ܹʱɽȥһίǣȥһгĻȻͲκˣΪίȻ٣òҶһְֳЦ
ô˵Ҷǳ˴ģίģ˳ɼ˹׵ģ˵˴
һɽθȥˣȻҲ˵ʲôֵĻ
Ͼ˵󲻴˵ССؼǿôȥһɽǺҿεˣıɽǣΪôһüС¶ҪڳίһսⲢ˵ı⡣
ˣҶ
¡Ų豭һֽŸعˮ棬ĥ¶
ȻҪͨҶʲôӰ죬ǹǺˣΪͬط˵ƶϵ©Ҷ˵ʲô˵ƶȵĿӶѡ
һɽΣֱӳ֯°ŷ治ԲҶһ˶ƱֽڶϷľ棬ֻ˵ǻԵɺɵ˵˭ʲô
¡Ǹڶģʱһ˼֪ûʲôΪˡ
Ȼ·棬ôʡίҪúоһ£ɽаԱĳȱɡ¡ڱʾ
֮󣬶ûʲô÷Եˡ
ϾһؼУǱȽҪĵؼУίǺͳгڳȱȷʵʲô¶ڹĿչҲǲġ
ʡίطȻɽһζʱ䣬ȴǳ֮ƣҪսС
⣬ǲҪ࿼ˣ鲿ոշļԭѧУ÷ͬ־ζɽίίгɽһڵ
ɽǵĻ˶ЩȻôƺЩ˼顣
ѧУӦĸɲˣıλúܶ࣬ȫûбҪɽƧչģ룬һҲطϷչͷҪõö
˵ˣļ𣬵θʵְ˵еίġ
ȻôҲеģǾ˴ӲίطϹɵһ󲽣չĺãĿҲǴڵġ
ڶɽίǵ⣬ϴѾöˣξͲ׸ˡɽ˵һ䡣
Ȼ˾һɢ¡°ͣ÷ʲôΪʲôᱻ鲿ֱɵɽأ
÷ô¶ҶõϢʱҲе
Ȼ˵鲿Ĵ󲿳ƷɴкŪĸɲγгԼĹ˼Ʒɴ󲿳ҪôţǾһ¶
˵ڷųҪγгĽ÷ҶȫȻ˽⡣
һһ飬ҲҶЩԾ
ǰɽеίǵģȻгľݡ
ϢҲеԤϣԭΪΪѹڶɽеķչͷһʸĸɲģȴû뵽ǰľݸŪˡ
÷ǰڲίʱҲ˵ҵͲ࣬˶ءҶ⣬ľݾڵ绰ЦŻش
Ʒϴе˼һŮ񸱹ʲô˼Ҷеͷ㲻ŵ
϶͵¡ľһҶ뷨
ٺ١ҶˣǺٺһЦûз
ʵ⣬ĳгȽܸɣͬһϵе˵ĻôҶȻطȨԼľ۷淢չӸߵĲһЩ飬²ġ
ڿˣϾһλŮԸɲȻڳίռĵλҪ˦ִƹ뷨ȷʵɼˡ
ҾһµҶľݱԹ
ôһҲкôģľ˶ɽ֮ҶҸбˡ
ЩӣǰùǺ


926 ͬ
ŪɽʡеˡľɽְҶüͷ
֮ǰ뷨ľʵʵشзչĻʵǺܲģȻӶзչΪʡûϣģܹ˳󿭳ΪίǵĻȻȻͽʡίίΪʡɲ
ڿ뷨ȻҪʵѶȻǱȽϴġ
ٽһʱ޷뿪֮ڿʲôϣ
Ҷ¶ĿԾʹˣ΢иᣬܹٳɴ¡
ȻʡίɲȷʵкܴĻȨģͻȻľݸŪɽίǣҶҲûʲôƢ
ֲϣûʲôȨġ
ʡʡĿǡľݶڴµûʲô̫ڵ绰Ц˵ҪҶ̫ʢĸɲǣԸԭеλãɽиӵģڸĸɲǣɿʹõһʱȴңɽǾҵңϣܹ
ԭô¶Ҷˣ׹
ɽǣƷɴ󲿳¶ĳԶһģǵеĸɲҶͻҶѹ̧ͷԸɴɸŮԸɲҶܲ˼ΪŮ˰ɣ
ңľΪҶ˾ϵһֱǲģʱεһ֣ƺҲ˵ùȥٲֵòɿ
֮ҶɵЩЦˡ
ȷʵͬľԣԼĳЩ˵УȷʵǱȽѰյĴͷˣ̫ʢͬɲҲ˱ᣬԸ档
˵ɽеЩɲǣһǼ𲻹˽⵽࣬һֱҶٵĴѹòͦжԿĻ֮ˡ
ҲҪƣֻҪȥˣɽطǺ׳ġľݾͰοҶҴ뿪δһᡣ
ľݵ˭ɽеһ֣Ҷ涼ν̬ȣֻľ뿪ǣĻᣬҶ治ˬѡ
ľԼʵ¶Ǻ¶
ܹҶˣܱȺþòܹ͵͵ؼһҪõöࡣ
ٶԣܹҶԣľݵջǸһЩġ
ҶȻҲЩ飬ľܹ½ʡѻᣬҲҪԼһ뷨ǱȽϸжģٳŮˣȷʵǺܶ࣬ǵĹԱǣǰٿñʲôҪ
ģǷ˻ģҪöɽеľ÷ף˳ϸʡıⲻ󡣡Ҷľ֣سŵ
ҶĻ˵úкľˣҲţΪҶ˵ջ󻰣ֻҪ˵ģҪֵģֻԤϵĸá
ʵϣɽеĹˣҶԼ󣬱ϾһɽУ˿ڵĵؼС
ҶʤְλҽøȥôҲ˵Ҷȫȥƿظһء
ԶɽеĹʲô滮ˣľҶѯʵ
Ȼڵ֮Уͨ˽⣬ֻɲǵ˼룬󡣡Ҷ͸ľݽ˷ʯص飬˵ʯأͶøٹ·Ŀƣʼֽˮֲ·ͨĻĿҲöջ񣬻һǳȶĲԴ
ǵģɲǵǻʵͣؼҪοǣǴһõĻľ֮ҲɵЩп
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Ҷ˵⻰ʱŵȥֵʱֶӻҲֵ֪չˣ
Ǳ߶ĹչǷ˳ֱӹϵĸҵϼƻء
ʡҲûа취ʡ洫Ϣĺɵõɴ۾
üίɽȷ֧֣¡ʡҲûƢϾէ쵼㰡ʡ߶̾˿
¶ҲܵûɣĺЩĵطʵ
ô˵ҶһƱƱȷʵǰδе飬˵սƶȣûĹ涨ôǵǾڶǵ裬ƾɶҶͱֵǮˣ
飬ȷʵǶ˵սĺţ˲ࡣ
Ҳ˵û߶شǶɽίǺͳгǰѳί̯ӳˣ˵Ҷһǹȥˡ
ǺͳʲôͷĺԴ˷ǳС
Ȼ˵ûлǸλ˵ͷҲǺҪģĻδؾѹסЩͷߡ
ίԭегľݣгǴһ÷ġ߶ش
ĸɲĺ֮󣬲ɵóһ
ľʸˣ˼ٺüˣίҲ
˵ʵڵģʡгתζɽίǣƽǾţĸоǴʵǽһġ
Ͼʡǵгֳ̫ˣһѵʡ͸ʡ쵼߶һѵͬţɵúܣ˶ɽ֮Ǿʵʵڵһֻ֣Ҫվ˽Ÿ˵һķ⽮Сˣ˿ڶԼ£ǧϸɲǨ⣬Ȩ治˵С
Զԣλ÷ĳгĺѹһЩ
ĸɲǽίĳгȷʵҪһίǿܶࡣ
뵽ĶɽУƻľݡҶ÷ͷεУҪԵˡ
ǲôͷҲȱҶһѹǿ
ζӣĺѰģۿг£г£ͳսٽҲеȵ̬ƣֳǱߣ˹ְⶫɽбҶڵ췭ظȻǱɫ
ûʲôЩ˳綼ᱻҶµġ
ںˣȵµίΣҶʧȥ´ȨҲͻᰲһЩˡ
ĺãԼҪģҪסеĵ̶ҶߣȵͷʦɽеʱǶһŶԼ߶Ϳɱݡ
뵽ĺɵֲͨ˶ηɡٽܡų˵ĵ绰Ƿֱ˹ͨͼһĹͬˡ
ĺ˼ǺģڳίռƣίǺͳгĵίƱγµĸ֣ҶһҶõԵĸı䡣
һĻγɵͬˣΪһҳί
ƣ˭ίǣܺǵĴڡ


927 ʺͳˮ
ƾۻᶫɽǰҶվĴ·ϣоˬɵøпһ
ͣĶɽУԵøĿ¡
磬һΧı꽵ٶɽȻûɴΧĻˮȴϴ˿˾Ϊ֮һ
ʱ򣬾͸оյĲͬ
ҶõͮᣬҶȥ͸͸
Ҷǵ˰ȫ⣬ͮ˽֣Ϊ˱ͮ΢ױִīա
ҶгôͻȻôпˣͮʵЩ棬ƽʱҶûôƸеġ
Ȼ˵ҶȷʵֻжʮͷǴƽʱĽϳɵĵ䷶ز¶̳֣ͻȻֳôԵһ
Ǻǣɽее⣬ҲеҶЦЦ
ͮȻҶļУǸֱֽ־ȱҲܹһЩҶļҪ֣һζʱ䣬ڶɽе̳仯Ӷʡ̳˱Ƚ˽⡣
ʱͮҶȻΪ֪ҶڶɽһʱҪȥˡ
Ϊίǵĵ˵еľгһλŮгءͮһѯʵ
ǰǰйʱ򣬾ľгʱҵмίǡҶͷش֮вûͮԤϵֵǡ
ѵ˵ίǾΣҶԣûдʲôѹ
ͮ뵽⣬ȻЩģϾһľɽоְôҶеȨҪܴһˣȨή͡
ÿһλǿ쵼£˲ɣ
ҶгͮѳζǣҲֻҳôһ仰
Ȼ˵Ƕɽе̨ļߣżҪʹһˣ˼άҲݣǶڹٳϵһЩ飬վ᲻Щ￴ĸо˼ҶʱͲô׼ȷذסˡ
ͮ룬ɩĻƻЩȽϸȤҲõ׼һЩ
ʺ磡ȻҶȻͮ˵
ͮ˳ҶָȥȻ棬Ϳһʺնƻֺ꣬ŷһϱ
̲ͮס̾һ
ֵϣܶ˶ߵĲʺ磬ɵ÷׷פۿָָ㡣
ÿ߲ʺ
Ķͻޱȼ
ոտʼ
ֻ̬

ȻѸĳԡҶȻ˵˼䣬ƺһʫ㡣
ͮˣɵЩ񣬾ҶղʫƺǸѡƫƫּǲˡ
Ҷгʫںδͮʵ
ţҲǲˣʱһӢ־ϿġҶڻش֪ôžͼסˣոտʺ磬˳˵ˣֵĸо
ŶԭӢ˵ʫͮ
ʺʳֵʱ䣬Ǻܳʮ֮󣬾ͺȻɢˣʱһǳͻȻ
һ䣬һƬƲʣ߶Ȼܲ
ʵٳϵҲãеҲգһ߶ģȤ֮ڶԡҶȻ˵㿴ߵĲʺ磬߲ʵģԲԵø˵ֻһֵһɫĻҲûô˵Ĺעˣߴֻһּ򵥵Ĵ󡣡
Ҷг˵Ļеͮˣرʾ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭͮҶԽԽߴˣȴƫƫԽԽûˣƺһֺ׽ĸо
Ҳ֪Ƿ񻹻ꡭͮ˿ߵƣͲɵ˵ÿα꣬ɽеϵͳҪܵһĿʡ
Ҷ֪ͮ˵Ļʲô˼ϵͳ費ÿ֮󣬽ֵһƬǽ壬ˮ˵ˮʲôľ᲻ʹãصġ
ϻ˵úãҲףƲʲôˡ˵ôܵھҪ⣬гҲҶڽֵţһ߶˵Ǯһ棬ҲҪǵϾ겻ؽȴܶ࣬ǧͷгҲôõġ
ס֮ͮ󣬵ܹҶ顣
ʵϣǰܾͮùٳˣµĹԱ̫٣ҶǻƵ̰ͼܣᵳӪ˽б˽ңͨҶסһζʱ䣬ͷ֣ҶĹԱǱȽġ
ڼļѼɽеķչ滮ͨ绰ٸĹԱȥ⣬ֻеƶɽеƶȸĸҶǰģ˺ܴѪ
˵ĸɲϸĻͮĺ󣬹ǷкϸĹԱ
˵ҶĻУȻһ˿ƣеʱͮ棬Ȼһ˿İΪ鲨ǡ
ôˣΪʲôȻĸоͮȻѹͷԼѾߵҶı󣬲Ϳȥˡ
ֲ֪ʧ̬ͮее졣
ǰгҶıӰͮҲеǿһ£ȻҶǰ߹ȥ
ȻǰֺʮΧһ𣬲֪ʲô顣
ţҶһ¡
ϰʱ䣬Ҷڸʱ䣬ڽй䣬Ҳʱͣôǰ϶ǳˣ򲻿ôΧۡ
Ҫ֪ҵҲãҲãʱļֻǱȽǿġ
ߣȥҶͮ˵һ˾ǰ˹ȥ
Ϊ벻ԶԵʣܿ˹ȥ
ȥֲȺ濴һۣüͷȻҶ˵ˮľǲˣ˵˽ȥ
ŶҶ˾һ㶣ȻҲ˹ȥ
ͮĸͷִͣ˸߸ЬȻܹ淢ʲô飬ֻΧڶֻ࣬üҶӼҶȻ濴ȥ
ֻȺУһѪǱгҲˣԵһ߶һŶͷʪܵģմཬ
ʧȥ˾ǵˮʱϵعˮԶֵˮۼһƺڸˮĴڡ
Ҳѹûз߶Բ˽ȥ
Χȷʵָָ㣬۷׷׵ġ
ؾ͵˳ˮǶð
˹ôˮӶˣûģ
͵ˮǮġ
˵ƷչվǱ߶˲ˮӡ
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱ
ɽеˮӣĿǰ˵ûвˮƷһ㶼ģȻᣬ͵еʱ򣬻˴ˮӵ⣬˲ע⣬͵˸ȥ
һֻˮӣʮǮģȶپƣԵտǾݶûˡ
ļ棬ֵľͱȽƵһЩʧҲȽء


928 
Ҷ֮󣬶ʱ
ɽеˮӣĿǰ˵ûвˮƷһ㶼ģȻᣬ͵еʱ򣬻˴ˮӵ⣬˲ע⣬͵˸ȥ
һֻˮӣʮǮģȶپƣԵտǾݶûˡ
ļ棬ֵľͱȽƵһЩʧҲȽء
ȻһֱڽⷽͶ룬ھװ˷ʩǵһħһɣֻǧģǧշģ
Ҫ볹׽⣬ôӸԴǣ˵ĿǰǣɸֽˮཽľǣĻͺðһЩˡ
ҶЩ⣬üͷ
ǰûˣҲһܡɣһ㣬ϵȥкüˡʱԱ߶Χ۵һе˵ҼѾͷҹ࣬ÿҶţһʱ͵ȥˡ
ǰǰǼҸڵǰ´ʱ·ûע⵽͵ȥˣûԱ߶һΧ۵˵顣
ҶԱ߶һ˵⻹ʱⰡ
˵Ǹոշ飬ôӦûʲôεģϾʧ̫ձˣŴ涼޷̽
ƺëˣҲ֪ǵ׶˼ˣ֮մҵ˵ѾкܶˣҶעŵĹһЩ⡣
ôôû˴绰ӳ飿̲ͮסһ䡣
Ҷ˶ɽ֮иһ󣬾гߺߣɽеļߵģһû飬Բ
˵гߣǸǷʱεģһûд¶϶ǲᲦгߵģһëƤС¶ҲҪɧгĻǻʲôľͺ˵ˡ
ȻԱ߶ڷɧһ˿˿ͮȻǱòһ£ֻͮī˭ѣӼ֪һŮӣɵЩرʾСô֪ûд⼸Ҷ˺üˡǿת˳ǽ֣ӵ绰С˵ά޶æĳȥˣæٹĵţһȾûлˡ
ͷֱӴ绰ӳˣҲ˵ûи׵ġ
Ҫװһ绰ûǧǮĳװǲеģټϸ߰Ļѱ׼һ˼ҿ϶װġ
ˮص飬ٿû˸ӵľڣҶܲ
ԣеûƶƶȵ¶תȥĵ绰ûһ¶гЦ
ҶΪ˸ǾԿԼֻͨ˶ߡ
ܿģ绰ͽͨˣ绰ͷĽԱ̬֮ȷǳõЦ˵λӦѾӵˣҲתǽ֣ҪǾشʲôĵطҰѵ绰תǽ֣ԵҪ󡣡
˵ţҲҶʲôӦ绰Ѿת˹ȥ
ҶֻһȻû뵽߾Ȼӡ
ʱ򣬶ǽǱ߶˽ӵ绰ˣһŮ˺ܲͷʣι
Ҷûд𻰣绰ڴСУСٻˣ¥أ㲻ȥһ£
Ҷһ⻰ʱˣǿŭ𣬰߶˵һ£绰ǸŮ˾ʹ𱸵ôģǸǽˣǵʩæţæȻȥʲô߰ѵһװǰ
ҲҶ˵ʲôžһ绰ֱӾ͹ҵˡ
ܳҶʱе𾪣˵ֻҹұ˵ĵ绰ʲôʱˮתȻڶɽ棬˸ҹҵĵ绰ˣ
ǿ벻̰Ҷѵ绰ִ˹ȥһγû˽ӵ绰ˡ
ʱǸ˵ˣվҪԼȥҽԺˡ
ҶŤͷʾһ£˹ȥ˵ű𶯣Ҵ绰гȥ⣬֮úõݣҵطһӡ
˵ôһ˵е㲻ŵؿΪ˷ء
Եˮ飬ֲͷһͷһˣʲôʱ˵˵õ⳥ˣҶϵùѣֻԹԼСİˡ
˵Ļһš
ʱҶͲͨ˶ĵ绰̸ϹȻͷǸ˵ǵĻ͵һߡ
ҲǿҶ⼸룬еģǾ˵Ĳ£Ա߶ľϵš
ţҶֲͨĵ绰壬Ҳһ£ĳǽֳĵ绰롣ţˣֱӸȥţʮ֮ڣҿǽֵ˳ֳ֣ͲҪˡ
Ҷո绰ʱһ·˾ϳˡ
ⲻҶг𣿣·˿˶ʱ󾪵ҶгϴȥݴǼģͷһοôгǿˣ
ôһ˵ΧȺǻеŽɣǺü·˴ʱ׷ϳҶ˵λǵϳֹĶɽдгҶͬ־
ԭҶг
һǷ˼ٵĴѧأôᰡ
ϳ֮Χ۵ȺڶʱͼˣҪ
ҶϳˣҲûʲôģʼ΢ЦóСӣڳ¼˵ҲҪżʵĻǶԴҪģ߽ˣԲгߡҲڣҲиĸг⡣
ʱ˱ԹҶгǲ֪ģǼС·һˮɽǽǿ绰ˣûܣÿģҪŸβء
ҶгҪһŶǿС͵öŶˣС͵͵˵ôȥǻžô²˵
ҶгǼұ߶Ǹѹһõ߷բҵֵ˰ɣÿޣֻˡذ˸ˣôȣеȶòˣ˵Ǹѹôܻһµأ
˻ĺܶ࣬˵ʲôĶС
ͮվԱ߶ţеͷֻǻͷͿҶӣ˵һؼ¼һᷳûУɵð˵Ͼǵ쵼ģĹȻһܱȡ
ûã͸ϹˣɫҴҵġ
ҶгҰŹͿΧҶ߶ЩˣɵЩԾⲻǳʲô¶ɣ
ͦ졭Ҷ˵ͷλʮҵ˵߶Щ飬Ⱥڼзӳ⣬㲻Ҳһ
ǣǡһ滹Ϳţǿµƣ֪ˡ
һӣҶ˿ԼϵֱԼʮʱޣѾȥӣǽַˣȻûֳ֡
٣ǱҶְҶһ
꣬ЦʤգԾҼװϣ鱣ƽƲϡԸλ󼪴
֮ܶһ仰лһ֧֣ף´֣ؼһ֣


929 ҶĽ֮
ҶǷǳջġ
һôгʱίְȨȻǽֵľֳѵ˵ǵºֲ˷
ֹʮңһǽĳſ˹Ȼһͷ󺹵ʮͷӴӳ
˿˶䣬͸Ͻ˵˼Ϣȥˣߵ·ϲŽӵĵ绰
ԼȥҶгͣʱ˵Ͷ֮Ѿŭݣ֪ΪʲôҶȻ绰
˵ⷽ飬Ѿ˼λᣬר⣬Ҳǲģ֪Ҷ¶һʲô̬ȣҲ֪ʱ֮ڣҶ¡
ϾǶγɵıײָһӾͽ
Ҫ׽е׶ˣͶʽԴпܰõ
˵׶Σʲô̫õĽ
ҲǸһЩ޲Ĺ˵ƺѡ
ǣȻǽ߶ûн
ʲô⣬ΪһǽֳӦģƵʧ飬Ҳ֪ܲ߼һʲô⣬ǾͲԶˡ
ƫƫģڹ۶ϣȻҲǽֳӰҶܲô
飬ӵĻ
Ҷгĳǽֳһĺ䣬˵䶼ˣô¶治ð졣
ҶеΣ֪ҶҶгô
ҶĳǽֳЦ˵ȥʲôҲģҹĵǵǳǽǰͽӵȺڵ绰ӳˣΪʲôڻûЩѾȺˤˣǳǽʲôѣȺڽȥɡ
ǽֳ˵Ҳġ
ʵϣ߽绰תӵǳǽְ칫ֵ֮󣬽ӵ绰˲ûӳ⣬һþֳƼɲҲÿ촦ǵɣ
ЩëƤС¶µˣƾˣʵڷܲȥʱ򣬲Żɸȥۣ취Ūһ¡
ֻҶ˵գߵǱָž˵ԼȥڰȫıϣǰתˣҲע⵽һвȥǸͷѪ³˴绰ǳǽֵʱ򣬻һˤ˵ˡ
ҶгʵĳǽֳЦҪ͡
Ҷֹ㲻Ҫҽͣȥͣȥֻͣ⣬Ƕǽֵ쵼ӵĹɡ
Χ۵Ⱥʱ׷׹ƣкá
ҶԴȴûʲôȤתȥ˻֣˵ȻˣǴҾͶɢ˰ɣҶˣͷǷӦزŽġ
俴Ҷ뿪ŤͷָųǽֳŶɫ˵Ȼ¶ҪǲҶгһҾ͸һ
˵գҲתˣҲǺƵġ
¶Ĺϵ󣬿ҶץһµĻ쵼ӻһ쵼εġ
ԭصĶǽֳȻҶͺ뿪ıӰһ򶫣һϵĺɵһµ
ҶͺӰʧˣŻͷŭĸֵ绰ģǸĩά޵ģ
ֳСֶӳôֵ඼ڰ칫绰Ͷֹһ
Ȼˣʱɫࡣ
ûҪôɣͮҶ󣬼ҶƺһջСοֲһܽģĸɲʾˣܵС
ҲҶһµֻӲ꣬ǿ͹أɲʸߵ񣬾ֻ˵ˣɽ߶ϾҪһǰδеĴˣϵˣлرϵˣҲֻʷ̭ˡ
ͮˣ;е֣֪Ҷ˵ָʲô
ֻҶ˵Ҳʲôˡ
ҶȴǺܲƽҲʶץɲ⣬Щ˶øǳ
ɽеʮ棬شϵĸɲǧˣϸɲҲ٣Щ˸̺ˣȷʵҲһ⡣
Ҷڿǣľݹ֮һͷһİ취һԱһְɲҵʣȻץˣǱ߶Ĺ飬Ҫúõġ
δ굱Уɽлкܶ෢չ˵·ֲ̬أҶҲпǹص㷢չɽеػӹҵȵЩҵչطĹԱǾͻٺܶᣬҲջһѳֲסͻ
ǵξð⣬ҶҲϣԼ֮µĶɽУΪ߷Զڸɲ齨⣬ڿʼͱҪ㹻ʶ
ͺǶĳǽ֣ȻҲ˸ͨϢȴûɲȻǱŹȥ뷨һһ죬϶ǲеġ
ؼһ⣬Ǹɲϲ£⣬Ҷڿһ⣬ǾһķΧڣʼֽнΪĽƶȡ
ȷ˵һĳߣͽϸĸɲ顣
Ҷ֪ΨץסһȽ˷ķ򣬹ϳ֣һ˸£пʵĻǳίѾͳһˣڶɲǣҲδؾܽҶ档
ϾⲻпܻӰ쵽պĴơ
췢飬ǸҶ˸ѶʶѾܲȥƶˡ
ţҪԵʲô͡ҶͨЩ飬ɵûͷЦŶͮ˵
̲ˣơƣòãͮһ¾ʵ˵Ͱɡ
áҶͷͬˣҲ֪ͬ˳̲˺ơƣͬͮ͡
ô˵ͮԼҶľ֮ס˺üգһٷӦõģ˵ݶΪڻûá
ҶλȨأ緢ʲôȱ˵ҶδҲǾе֮ŮһĴڡ
ͮ˺ܾãҲû뵽ҶҪʲôѵ˵֮⣬ûбİ취
¶ʼǾͮ棬һֱ
ʵϣԴ֪ԼǱѳ֮ͮһֱңǰΪ״̬ûлָԻ˲Щ飬ʱ񽥽ȶˣͿʼǰһЩ飬ڸ˱Ƚ̵ķ˼
ĸʧ䣬˿յ֮ҶͿʼԶȥΪշ˼һ澵ӡ
ֻı仯еϸĸоͮԼûв
˳ദĻͮҪһζ޼յĸ֮ˡ


930 ڶɽ쵼ӵ
µ׵һܣľ˶ɽУζɽίһְ
ͬľɽģʡίί֯һɽͬ־
ҶһʹŶɽеĵ쵼ҪԱ˶ɽн⣬ӭʡί쵼ίǵĵ
ɽгίίǡгҶĺίǶηɣּ֯ģͳսٽܣ鳤ų壬ί񣬾˾ȫ塣
ί̺гֳ˽ѣгͬġģ鳤ɽҲ
˴θɽڶɽУȥǿˣûеЭϯʷܣйϯʯиƣίҲڳӭ
ǺϣȻ̫߹ңΪո¹꣬¶ȲǺܸߣټ϶ɽɽӦ˵ǱȽˡ
ί͸гǶվţҺöɽе̻úܺã·߶ǰѳӶͣ£Ȼվ
Ҷгǰľͬ־¹֪һλ쵼ּ֯ľվҶ߶̵
Ϊίе֧ߣּĲɻҶһʵϣԴӵõʡί֯һɽ֮͵˽Ѿ͹ϵͶҶӪڿҶȻǳǿ
һڳίֳôʡҲûһ仰ֻǽľǰɵ˶ɽ߶ѡ
ϢͨˣѾ֪ľҪɽְȴͬľһģһλ벿ίĸг÷
ڿȱĳгְ񣬺ܶ˻Щ뷨ġ
ھǵ˽ѣҲеΪҶȻ֤Ƽζɽеĳгʡίû֮ǰȻǲ̤ʵġ
ľͬ־ǱȽϳڵģȻŮԸɲǹ̬ȷǳϽעʵЧһתζɽίǣʡίǶɽйӣΪ֯Ӧøľͬ־ϺáҶϣûж˵ʲô
Щ飬ҪõµԼȥĥģ˵̫͸ˣû˼ˣҲ𲻵ӦеЧ
ҶϣöɽеĸɲԼľ֮ĹϵȻ֪ľݾȻҶŮˣԲ֪ɽѾ˷޵ˡ
ּҶĻ֮Щգ֪Ҷʵ뷨Ρ
˵ίǺгΪίװӵһ֣ϾǶֵĹϵ֮ȨǴһĽϵģԻ֮϶Ħģ˵˭ܹռϷ磬ǾͿ˴˵ıԼˡ
ּҲ֪Ҷ˵ίľ⻰Ǽ٣ǵԼ⣬ϾȻͶҶίǲǶͷ˾
˽ѵûôĹ˼ˣ߶ĸɲȻҪ̫ί⣬ܹίίУȴ߶ģôһųίƱĻǲõĻܵίǵĴѹ
ͬ־һ¡ҶģͿ˶һ߶ί࣬Ͷ˵
ϴԸ˹ʵϣΪϴβһͲǹ߻涼еǣҸҶӴ̫࣬һʱѳֲסԲϹͲýˡ
ҶгңഩһǳɫĳȹڿòܵͣһͷֺԺӣȥԵþǿɣ޶ˡ
ţľŮͬ־ͱ˼꣬Ӵ飬ȽϺʡҶ˵
⡭ǲеʣˣеʵ˵ίĹһίҲǲϰɣ
Ȼ˵ҲĸɲǽӴίҪô˵ҲɸίŶԣȷʵŵģóȻͷ¶Ļ˵ί˻¶ľԼҲΪŲеˡ
ô¶Ҷһ֪ƫˣ˰ֶ˵㲻һֱίŰɣȥί칤ǲǸսһЩ
֮󣬹Ȼеȣû뵽ҶȻ˵Ļ
ڶɽеĹٳϣһЩ黹ŵģҲ֪ί̺Ҷһ߶ϵˣҶҪί칤ƺҲЩԭģֻ;ԼҶĹϵҲûеøķݶϣڻһЩС塣
ܹҶĻǾԲӴģҶȥί칤ȻǽӸεְλȻ䣬ƺΪίľݹλû׼ľݵ顣
ܹĻҲǿˣϾίǵְȽϣλøȨҲһЩ
ֻǣ˼ľΪίǣţ
ίְҲֻĵ˲ܹõ÷ء
ǲô˵Ҷ仰Щˡ
˵аСʱңʡί֯һɽĳӾ͵ˣͣ·߶
һɽ쳵ɽеĸɲǴ˸к֣˵˼䣬ǵ˶ɽеؽˣֻص˳棬
ǵί֮󣬾Ѿʮһˡ
еĸɲǶشʵְɲϵģ߶ѾһСʱˣʱеžһ֪ڵˣ
Ӵ֮󣬶ɽоҪָĹٳҶһԾŶӣҪ
ʡί֯һɽ󲽴Ӳϯ̨ŵǶɽеĳίгǣԼ˴Эְ쵼ǡ
ʱۼ˾ͷ֣һȵһɽ⣬ҶѾ˾ӵλڶλһλ༫ΪƯŮԸɲȥʮӡ
ѵ˵λίǣ
˵۷׷ףеŵĸо
ߣʡǶԶɽ࿴ˣɹĸɲ׳ɰ
ڣҵӭʡίί֯һɽͬ־Ҷֻ飬˵˼俪֮󣬾Ͷ˵
¶ʱҵλȭʡί֯˿У͸¶еĹâϾ˭ҪǱˣһ£ǿǺܼ򵥵飬ֻֻᲢѡ
ͬ־ǣҴʡίԭίǡгľͬ־ζɽίְ񡭡һɽеļ
ˣͼλŮվͷʾ⣬ʱλȻείľݣɵ÷׷׹Ʊʾӭ
ԭѧУ÷ͬ־ζɽίίгţһɽ
һٹʱͼվҶһλģͬƯŮͬ־վʾлɵð̾ɽĳ˵ˣ
ϯ̨棬˽ѵеɬˣҶӦĳгûи㶨˼ֱӴսһλţƵ


931 һɽķ
ϯ̨棬˽ѵеɬˣҶӦĳгûи㶨˼ֱӴսһλţƵ
һɽĻûн꣬˵ɽίίԱгֳ˽ͬ־Ϊίίгֳ
˽ˣһͬʱˣȻ˵ҶӦĳгûи㶨ǱϾǳģڵְȨίίУʵҪȳгҪʵݡ
ϾǽץžϵͳʵȨģȳгҪöˡ
ڲŸΪɶҶ˰ƱȴҲû̵гλãʵǶԷͷ̫ˣȻҲĸɲӳгˣ˽ѵҲƽ˲٣ϾջģһίίͷΣ൱Ҫ
ǵ˽ҲվϹл
һɽȥɽίͳսٽͬ־ְá
ٽˣɵЩˣȫû뵽ʡôͻȻͰߣˡ
˵ûзʲôԵĴʡͻȻ֣ȴ֪ҪʲôУ
ֻҲְֻ˵ãֻǲ֪ĸ֣ǷȷʵбĿǡ
ӶɽڵνǷӿٽܺԼ˻кλá
ĺҲЩ󵭶ˣγг÷ɲҪȵѹһͷˣεУȻλûб仯ȴѾ˶ɽĵĸɲһλ
仯еЩȴЩΡ
½˵ѣͳսٽҲְˣҲһܴĴ˵ǰλսɣĺһ취ûˡ
һɽ˼ֽ֮һͨҪɽеĸɲŽľΪĵίΧöɽеĸȵȡ
ҶҲҪʾί쵼£ùɽеľýá
ľԵñȽϵ͵һû˵ʲôƪֻۣǼ򵥵رʾһЩʡί쵼ĸлԼڶɽеĹʲôġ
˵ίίгĽ÷ûзԣ˭ҲλŮˣ澿Щʲô
ɽеĿǲɢ֮һɽͬ£߳˻ң¿̲ס̾
ⷽ棬һɽľǶзȨҶЦЦ
Ǳ߶ĿȻˣ϶ûа취ɽᲢ۵ģһɽľݶǸմǹⷽĸдȻ̵ġ
ǵĿҲˣڸܼţ۽صһЩҵչǸ˾ҲǨĴ㣬ֻͶޣһʱ֮޷źγг÷˵
ҶͷھǵȻǺġ
Ǹ˾ǾǵȾ󻧣ҵȴһȻҪȷʵףǲߵĻȾܲˣǴӽܼŷĻڻĸȷʵ޵úܡ
ҶǰһɽϢһ£Ͽдһµģ˭֪һɽȴɫҴңлҶĺ⡣
ôôأһɽҶһɽ򽻵ܶˣ֮ĸҲ˽⣬ȻҪôɻʲôʲôֱӾˡ
ʡĸǵλãܶ˶ҲøϻȥһɽҶ˵
Դʡί˳ǸԶȥְ֮󣬸ǵλþһֱţһӣҶλõᣬ˵Ѿ˰Ȼ״̬ۣһɽԴҲЩ뷨һŶ˼Ҫϻȥʡ¶
¶һɽǷȥ˼󣬻߶ȵСƣһءҶ˵
Ŷʲô˼һɽˣʱȤ
֪ҶϢҪͨö࣬棬Ҷܹ˽⵽һЩĻϢҲпܵģϾһ鲿󲿳Ʒɹʱ򣬾ͱֳҶӣһɽ¡
ԺӶʡĿǰûһɳθ𣿡Ҷûлش𣬶Ƿʵ
⡭һɽ֮󣬶ʱͲ˵ˡ
ôһ룬ôһ¶
Ӷʡĵطͺأǰ˳ǸǵĴڣʡίһϰ˳Ǻǫ̀ˣôܷŹᣬûһǱɵĸأ
Ҫֻ߽طĹҪλģôʡίڲﵱУԽԽá
ã¶ҾͲˣһɽͨһ㣬ɵҡҡͷҲˣһؼȥϢһ£ųȥԸҲǸԼżˣ
Ļ㡣Ҷˣ֪һɽѾ˸ְλᣬͷ˵
ʵϣһɽҪḱǵλãϻһЩƵģֻǸĴ򲻺ģҪĿ΢΢ֱӷû׼ܹϼ쵼棬һ̤ʵϸɣƽʧĺӡ
еģӶȻˣһ仰˵úãŲŲߵʱҶ̸һɽһ仰һɽ
زҪǰһǺѵģҲȽìܣȻ˵Ҳлȥʡθǻ߳ʡְ֮񣬵米ģĹϵҪǣ϶Ǹܴս
ٿǿǡһɽ룬Ҷ˵
һɽĳ뿪֮ҶҡҡͷһɽˣˣҲǲģؼûиϺʱڽطβ󲻵һɽ͵ǨĿǺСˣѡһתʡһǽ
Ǿĸ̫ˣֵ֪ܲõһʵλã
ռһʵλãҪţһͷ۵⡣
ҶܹһɽľʵϣһɽܹĻҲһѣҲڰһѶѣϾ飬ԼûһҲǱ˼ȥ³
һɽҶͶľݺͽ÷˵λϢһ°ɣί̺ͬ־ѾΪλźסڲһд磬Ϊλ쵼ӷϴ
ľݿ˿÷ûʲô͵ͷðɣҶг㿴ŰžˣҲˡ
ɽ߶ͬ־ǣһǾƸݳģܺءҶԼľݣЦ˵ֻǺơƺͺƣǣ
ľˣȻһЦ˵ҶҶߵﶼƱһѡ
ôһǷˣȻ˵ΪίǣȻõıµͬ־ǹƣֻף̫ˣҲһľǲýӴĿڽչǺܲġ
Ҷؾ˰ţǲΪЩСµˡ
÷Ҷľ˵һָоλĹϵԲǱ¶ô򵥡


932 ̽
ôûаŰ׾ƣĺĳ֮󣬾ЩõԵĹԱѯʵ
ί찲ŵģ˵ҶгԸģֻơƺͺƣŰ׾ơԱ̾ͻش
Ȱ׾ƻкȾưĺҶİţиǲãԱ߶˵һ˶ȥҰ칫ƿę́
Ա߶ļίǶηˣɫ˵˰ɣĺʲô׾ưҿơƺͺҲܶԴһ¡
ηɵ棬Ҳеȶ
ίǵΣгҲˣľȴǸ˷룬ⶫɽеλͷһʲô뷨˭
ͷûһȷ̬ȣĸɲǾͲվӡ
ηɺȻĺǸǣʵȨ޵úˣͲԳеϵͷϴλҶľݡ÷λκһλܹȵѹһͷ
ټͳսٽְǵִ𣬾͸Ӳÿơ
ܹһ¶⣬ҲǳίеƱѣοһίܹ֧ǣҲͶѡѣδؾԸһ
˵ί鳤ųĵλʱѾЩȵˣΪίǵĴܼңһίǵľ̨֮󣬻ųί鳤ְһƱҲױס
ô˵ס˾ֻʣηɺĺˣƱڳίʲôأ
ߣֻͷ֮һĺ棬ҡźܹ֤ǵ治Ӱ졣
û뵽Ź˶ãгѱְгͳսٽְܱ³Ҳòȥ@һʱֻĶɽϵȻôɢˡ
ηɾ;ûбҪһЩС棬ҶϾûκεĺôĶԴ
ηţûҶıݣٽҲܱʡְ
ҷǲơƺƵģǾͲ˸úȵľơĺȴǲηɵĺѣһֵ
ηˣɵΪ֮ᣬаޡ
Ϊڳίи֦ͬͬ˵ĻŲǨĺأϾһƵʲô鶼ûиԮģǿ϶ǲеģڳί棬ҲҪһѣϵĻò
ȻˣһЩ˵̫Ӱ˳ίľߵĻҲ鷳
ͺһοᣬҶűܿΣյĵ£ͷŭرֳԼǿһųίƱǿѹǵĺᣬǳһЦ
ٽܵıְһοѲϵΪǼдߵľٽܣ׵ˡ
ҶֶΣηɵģΪԼƨɵ²ɾҲԸĺһʵ֮١
ôôɡηҲƵ˵һ䣬תһԡ
ûãͼĺƿę́ŵϡ
ĺĿһƿę́ĸӣʱ磬֪ôͺˣȷʵһ˵Ϣ
þƣĺ۾һ̲ס̾
Χ˶ŵ˾㣬ľƳʱͱ˳ֻǿǾĺԼùģЩֹˡ
ʱڣλ쵼ոյΣҶҶгֻôһڹ۶ϣĺߵ̫Ļʲôǲ˵ģֻٽܵĽ֣ʲô泱³ˡ
ֻҪסԼλӣʲôþƺȲ
ͷԷȣվ˶飬Ҳֻܺôһˡ
˾þսȻ֪ʲôʲô鲻ʲôܳԣʲôƲܺȣԶĵ˲٣Ǹҹĺ־ƺȵģһҲûС
ηɵǲں˵뷨ĺֳ̬ȷǳҲûкȾƵ˼ôһĺ߶ɾ䳡ˡ
ôһӣȻû˹þơ
ĺҲɵЩ⣬û뵽ɽеѾ񻯵ֵزˣĺҲǸһӦĸˣ
ٳˣǹʵģ
ҶԹۣɵúһ
ôˣԱ߶ľݾʵ
ҲûʲôŽĿӦÿʼˡҶһϵ˵ͷʾ
Ҷг˹΢ѯʵ
һ£ǸĿǲǿԿʼˣҶһ۾Ϳ࣬ĿֱӾͿ汻öɫֻŰ߶ķظ׻λεЩޣȴһ覴öûС
Ҳеˣ½˵ʱԿʼ
ǾͿʼɣľǺͽгԶĿϢҶ˵Ȼֶľ˵λί࣬ϵĽĿٰ֯ģͬ־Ǻܲġ
Ŷľݵ˵ͷɵö࿴ۡ
ľݷ֣λίǳòɵЩɣǲǸҶЩرĹϵ
Ҷƺ֪Щʲôָպˮд顣
ǾͿʼɡľ˲Ҷ뷨Цŵͷ˵
ȻҶд֣вɵһû뵽Ҷľ֮ĹϵԶǰ²ͬ¹ϵҪ׽ö࣬ĻҶҲľݵεĵһ죬Ƽѡ
ֻ˵һ⣬ǰĹϵͷͬһ㡣
ϵĽĿʵΪһԤݣڻӭίǺͳгϣʵҲһõ飬һʾ˶쵼أһҲԿĿЩʲôӣԱǼʱĽ
ΪⷽԭҶҲʦڣôһ
ĿûǲģٴҿĿ
ֻĺǵ鲻Ǻܺãһ˺ƾơ
÷߶ΣЩƽϣ˹ǣʲôƣôô㣿
ę́ǲҵģгҲһĺ÷ƺƱȽϸȤ̾˷
ǺǣǲȾƵģֻܺȵơ÷Цҡҡͷֻžú㣬ԲŹһ
гȾƣĺˣʱһ£Ҳ²͸÷˼תһ£̽˵Ҳûйϵﻹһƿûпģ͸гˣڼ浱裬Ҳӵġ
ô˼أ÷ƺеġ
гˣҲȲô࣬һƿˡĺý÷ƺ£Լ˼̾ʹ󷽵رʾҲܽ÷˵ʲôԭĴӽûпƿę́װӲ档
ǾͶлˡ÷ȴǷƵȻؾƿę́Ȼл߻Լλ
λге뷨ءҶһĻ͵ľ˵
뷨Ҳ㡣ľ΢΢һЦ


933 ңƣ
λге뷨ءҶһĻ͵ľ˵
뷨Ҳ㡣ľ΢΢һЦ
ľݶҶģʵ̫ˣԲŻ˵Ļ
ĿһСʱʽ϶ǱȽϷḻģԪأжɽеĴͳ񣬵طɫҿöζ
Ҷľݺͽ÷ˣʵǳɽеˣЩĿ֮󣬲ɵ÷׷׽кãЩĿһµĸо
ɽеĵطսĿòⷽԿһ¡÷ȻʹչҶľ˵
г˵òطɫսĿĿǰܹôõģȷʵˣֻǾҲǿۺһЩԪأռĶƵ̨ϣҹҲûʲô⡣Ҷſ˵
÷⻰̾ȤҶг뷨ܺãȫ֧֣ҿҲõˣղײգͰ鶨ȡŪĿĴΣ
Ҷ˶ʱһ㶣û뵽÷¶ôģҲ֪ôġ
֪ʲôʱ򣬸ĺҲչˣг˵û˵ҶгǾˣⷽ϶·ģܰǶɽеĻƵȥǶɽеױҵȵȣкôİ
ľݿˣҲ˵ֻǶԼľƱζĺƣȻǳǳһڣأ¶ȻǴ¶ǽĿҪϴĻȴ治׵顣
Ҳ˵ȫôĵؼк϶Լֱ£Ҫƽ̨ƹ㣬˵⾩Ǳصķ棬ڴ̨ҲǱȽϼҵġ
ֻǴӽĿİϾܹóȸĲŶҪһЩĽĿģطҲһЩ̶İţ˵ۡġ̨ȷ棬ҲһЩضҪ룬һЩƴǱϵģΪϲܹʣܵɷӵݣͲˡ
÷ӾǲίģܲŵǾǵʵȨҪԼ˰ƽ̨ȥҲ¡
һЩѾͷԱǣҪԼһ£ҲҪƽĹϵܵǱ߶͵֧ϰĳУһ仰ܼңѸ㶨
ңǰڶͨˣҲһԤݣʽݣĿʱпܻᱻģܵݣҲδؾ
÷ҶǾʿϣֶܹ֧ɽеĻ̨δûдÿ˼
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ΪľݺҶ֮ϵּеܲϾ÷ȻһЩ֪ѧУĲǶһЩͲǺˣֻ֪λгҲȴûдʲô
˵ΪʲôոɽУ¶ҪҶͷļƣľݻе㲻٣ҲӦñϵĺ
гĽǲģҲմһʿĹѣʵϲûʲôӰǽгΪǰѧУĲⷽӦЩƵģ飬ʲҶû¶ȻԼЩ鷳¶Ȼö飬Ǹǰ˴򽻵ĻȻûʲôѹǸϵĽĿ鷽Ҫѹˡ
ΪڴһĿҪĸִۣõ棬ʵǲȵģǽĿһϵпƹҵֵĿпܶԶɽγʵʵĺô
ĻֱѣӰһĿһЩ
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˵飬ҶȥǶԼкôʱǾ͸Ӳġ
ľݰЦſҶжڽ÷Щӣ˵ǰҶһ˿ĻעҪԿģΪҶϣû׾еЩԣ˵嶯ŭȶȵȡ
෴ģҶó飬ǰϻȵȣҲô
ҶгΪһ֮ôشĹϵǶɽĻеĴϣӦñֵô޶԰÷ƺץסһ㣬ɷŹҶ׷رʾҪӦ֧֡
г˵飬Ӧֵ֧ġҶб˽÷һۣ˵ְԼʲôʱŮˣΪʲôһԼأһ˵ҪĻץý裬ûǮĻҲչԣгԸĻ¶ͽˣҪʲôֱ֧֣ҪС
ôеװɣԱ߶ľ̾˵ˡ
ľǣʲôָʾҶ̬ú㣬ǳصӡ
Ҷгȫеľý蹤϶ǲЩϷĵģгΪгӦҶгøҲ̫ʱ䡣ľݲرʾⷽǣĿܷϴ飬ʵֻǽǺʺǶɽеķչ״һҪҲǲԣҲΪҪһλгȥٰ죬иĸɲǣͷͿˡ
ôһ˵Χ˶ʱˡ
ȻٰĻаʱ䶼ҪھǱ߶ˣҪΪ¶ڶɽеķչ˿ɾͱɽеĹٳԵˣ飬Ҳпܶλá
ô˵飬ҿ϶Ըȥģһ룬ĳɹȷʵǳǳͣϵڱˡ
гǵ浹ǲôΪԵ϶дѵҪ죬ȫƵ飬ôͷûʲôʵʹĸɲǵ棬еˣ᲻䵽Լͷأ˵
ȻľݵĿ˵תһȦί̺ϣ̺ͬ־긻ǿḻѡ
ľݵǳ϶һֲݾָܾɵ̺棬̾͸еһͷֱð亹
Ȼ¶䵽ҵͷˣ̺аȴûʲôƢ
ԼʵѾúˣίǵΣί鳤϶ӲģǱԵǱ£ڵˣľݽŽ÷飬ֱӾͰߵȥˡ
̺ȻǲԸȥǵģ˵¶ȷʵð죬ֻ˵ԼڶɽУٻǸίίеȨģȥ˾ǣһصĸɲʲôأ浽Ҫ¶ʱ򣬹ƻפκ˵ء
үү̵飬治ôײٰġ
棬Ѿ¶Լķ䡣
Ҿľǵܺã̺ͬ־ǳʡҶ̾ͱԼ֧֡
÷üͷƺЩɣûбʾԣֻ˵ҶԶɽеĸɲ˽⣬Ͳ̬ˡ


934 бۿ
÷ķӦҲйоء
ΪĳгһǴ벿ίĸɲҲӦõġ
˵ڶɽеĸɲֵĻǾͺľݸеˡ
ΪείǣľݶԶɽеĸɲгֵ˽⣬Ǻ飬ΪǱץɲ齨ģȻҪ໨һЩ˼
ǳгֹעɲǾͺ˵ľˣľǵһЩõ뷨ġ
ԣ÷ѡȨͬʱ׵رʾҶǶɽеǲϤҸղ¶ҲֻǺܵشӹĽǶȳѣκˡ
ίǶڳûм˷ԣί鳤̺ȥǲٰ촺Ŀ飬ô
ĺ棬ʱеˣŶɽеͷһˮ־һˮĸĪ⣬ʱоԼȷʵеˡ
ǰһֱڶɽưԣûʲôԼ㲻ģڿԭ뷨ʵ죬ҹԴѡ
ҪӲԼҲֻ˱ᣬû潻ĵ
ɢ֮˾ͽӼ˲μݳԱǣеֲӰ췽滹ݳԱǣ˼ƷҶܸˡ
ͬ־ǣǰһˣӵӵǶɽеͳʱһҪһµġǣһЩҪע⡭ҶǰһָеһЩ֮ԵĹԱ˸ߵҪ
ҶǰϴҶֹ˾룬ҲнӴټĳһȵļʶȻһ˵һ׼˶ú档
÷һˣҲе죬û뵽ҶȻþ˿˿ۣ˾÷ǳŷԼеСˡ
Ҷĸף÷֪һЩģϾΪĸɲ鲿ƷɲյĸɲҲõһЩ㣬֪ҶҶҵˣǶĻƷһҲûжི
֮ܶڱɫ£ҲҪִԪأʱŻϲҶڽݽ
˷׷ҹƣҶĽʾ˺ܸߵͬС
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ˣպ˵ƣеΣһȥˣҲûжԶľݰ˰ֵ
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λĸɲȻûʲôѹ䷽Ҳ޼һһ㡣
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÷Ҷۣûʲô
ǣڶɽӰش̳Ų·Եͩ£ίԺ߹ȥ
ʵζ·Ҳ׵ľ룬ɢʮҲ㹻ˡ
гҾеɼҶȻͶԽ÷˵
÷ƺ˼⣬ҶĻʱһ㶣ȫû뵽ôֱӵؾ⡣
˵һ̳Ӧʳôǳġ
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˼һ£ƺȷʵһֱб۾ҶţҲûԭģϾΪͬһϣܲŤŲҶɣĻɺͳ
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ĺҲܣۿԼ߶һԱ󽫣ӵˡ
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Ȼ˵ҪһλɲĿϴ飬ΪɽеĻ߶ɽе֪ȣʵô¶ǾͲ˵ˡ
ľݵܸίǶηüͷ˵ó÷Ǵ飬Ҷһģû뵽ҶС겻ϵ˵ˣǱľ飬ֱӾͰˣֻĽֶΣ֪λǰегǳصġ
˵Ҳһꡣ
ֻһƽĽĿȴû뵽ôһԵƫƫǲһ˿̻ҶԵúܵȻ÷ҪҶҶʶˣ־˻ȥ÷ûзأͱľݸһǬŲƣͰί鳤̺ίˡ
ǺøֶΣƫƫбȨĳίΣ˭ҲԸΪǸƳȥĶ̺ҲֻΪǸƷ
ǶɽϵıɲѾˣʣµ˸ҪŽĻǾûкӹˡĺ˵
˵ˣʵҲ̺η˶ѡ
һΣίȻͶƱ֧ǣǴұϾһ·ġ
ҿסίǶηɾҡҡͷλͷһƲҾ͵ǵѹ֮£⼸˸ûֶԿأֶͼ֮һ
˼˵ǼװֿͶԷ£ĺЩؿŶηɣƵطʵ
ܺù㲻ָ°ɣηҲʵ
ĺˣû˵ʵϣҲ֪ηɵ˼ʲôֻΪɽϵҪľô䡣
ңһίǣҪͶҲֻͶίǻг°ɣȻ÷ҲɲǱϾǸְһһˣôͶ÷г£
۽÷ļ𣬳гӦ֮µġ
Ҳĺı˶ѡԼӣƫƫĺֻ֧ܶţĻ˭ŵùЧأ


935 
Ҷľݺͽ÷ͻǵı֮󣬲лص˾ֻв׵Լı档
ѾˣСͮ˵˴ڽзһЩ飬̸ýζ
ίǺǿأͰί鳤̺򷢵ȥ¶ˡͮ˵ȻˣҶгҲͬһ㣬
أ˵˵ѣҶ˹Цʵ
Ҷгˡͮˣͻعͷк
ͮʵ÷ҶгҪҪһƣ
ǵǲˣҲûкʲôҶ˰ֵҪ˵ʲôֻǾ¥ȥ
绰ĲǱˣ楡
ǺǣǸһϢȡߺû¶ˣѾжˣڷ;СЦŶҶ˵
ǾͺãǷˡҶ˾ͺοرʾ
ȡߺȻǣ󣬱Ͼǻϻµӹ˾һ飬ܹȻǷǳĵġ
˵öԣһڣڽˡЦ˵ûͷӬһȥ·δؾܹô˳
ûؼʱҪסСҶش
ʵϣһνȡߺų¶ΪԼԵʣܵˡӺšĳ֮ꡣ
ǴʱѾԵչ˽𣬡Ӻš¼𲽽֮Уôٷһ֮ӰͿԺԲˣԽȡߺҲûбѵıҪ
Ӻš飬ʵ̬̽ȵһС¶ѣǴβȴǷǳҪģһڷˣͲų˻ЩĦڵ̬̫Ӳˣֺײǹ߻ǹĵġ
ǰַ룬ǡнڡҪ쵽㣬ȴס
ԣҵۺʵ̫ˣʵǿˣȫԲЩֱӰѾȥǡ
УǴַ˭ȭͷӲӲʲô;ʵߵı֣һ㼸ǧǰʵѾ֤ˡ
һ顭楳һ£˵ȫЭҷ룬㿴ô˵
ŶҶˣʱһ¡
飬֪һЩģʱȫЭʮλ˽Ӫҵҷ룬Ҳ˵Ƕδе
ӱΪЩ˵ӰǿӦñŽᵽЭĶ󣬵ǴӸΪ˽ӪҵӪҵȫҵռеıѾһϡ
ΪôҪһȺ壬߲϶ǲܹģЩҪ뵽쵼㵱ȥֻһϵ£ҲҪõġ
ܵ룬Ҳ£ϾϻصĹģǰǿΪҵܡ³ҵʵʿߣ϶ڹҵȦӵзǳҪӰġ
һ䲻Ļ˵ڵĹģ֮һ͹ҪǿһЩΪٳϵı׼ôҲǸϵҵˡ
ôҪһҵ϶Ӷ
Ҷȴ޳楽ЭϾЭʯȨԼ·ͷûбҪǵϵȥ
ţЭˡҶ룬Ͷ˵ЭֻڿʱոɧѣҪĻͼȫ˴ɣһ¡
ȫ˴󣿣֮ҲеԾǲװ
Ȼǲˣ㶼ܼ֯ҲòȥҶͷ
Э˴бϵģһ൱ҵȺ壬һӵоȨȨǿôΪģҶѹû楽ЭֱӸıһȫ˴еλá
ʵԻڵĵλҪ쵽һ㲢Ǻѣؼǻϵ˽һ楳Ϊȫ˴ίԱĻǾζŹһЩϵ򣬷˺ԵźţҪġ
ԣһͨλãȴҪ߲ǣĻĸ߲ǵͷġ
ôظǣ˵̫ӲĻƻˡѯʵ
˵ȫ˴оƵ᰸㲻ټЭˡҶſھ˵
ʵϣطЭǵط˴У˽ӪҵҼӲˣҲ˺ܶ⣬һЩڵҲֹͨϵ룬ΪԼ䵱ɫǴӹҲⷽͿƵ÷ǳϸ
ܹȫ˴ĻӰ֮ԶͲܼ򵥵һ¼
Ҷ楹˵绰֮󣬾˳ָҶүӴ˹ȥ顣
飬֪ˡҶү֮󣬵ǲһĶģ̾ʹӦˡ
Ҷû뵽Ҷүô׾ʹӦˣеֵġ
Ϊⲻһ׵顣
Э룬˴ѡٲѡٲ˶ܲμӵģû㣬ûͬѡƨ
μѡٵĻԻϻصĹģȻҪĻѡϣѵһʵĳ϶ѣȫ˴ϿɵĻ¶ͳˡ
飬˸ϵհͿˡҶү˵ĵǷǳɣ꿪ʱͿԲμӡ
ô򵥣ҶֹţȴеҶүͻȻ֮ôô˵ˣҶүӵƢ˵ҪһǺϸģҶҪҲҪǷŻῼǴӦ
һΣȷʵ׵ҶеԾ
ô˵ҲҶˣֵòһȫ˴ĴǵġҶү˵
ŶҶˣ滹Ǹһ¡
Ȼ˵ùȥҶҲΪѾӵ˷ǳӰҲܵõҶүӵ׿ϡ
˽һ¶漰˹£һ¶ˡ
߲ⷽ飬ǲ׼Ҷܲһ䡣
йǡҶүӵĻشҲǷǳ򵥣ƺô˵е˼ͽ䣬ᶨƵƼĸ￪ţþý裬ڴ˻֮ϣڹڵϵ΢ҲǱҪģ˽ӪҵӪҵȫҵռıѾ룬ʱƣܿռݸҪıԣⲿ˵Ĺʹ֮õػᣬҲһҪ⡣
ţô˵˳ӦʱˡҶԼıӵ
ǰɣɮ٣ҲġҶүӻش
ٶҪһ𣿡Ҷһ䡣
ҶүˣʱĬȻòʵ˭еŮģ
үүӦ֪ġҶе˼˵
ʸ㹻ˣţ¶һŰɡҶүˣûиеΪѡ
ϾڹڵӰҲǱȽϴģʵһ棬ǳ棬Ҳ㹻ˣȻ˵ϳ¼Ҿˣϳ¼Ҷϱݲû˶ȥҶүҪ飬ʵ楸һЩ


936 
⣬ԽԽˡ
ܸͲĵͶ벻Сǻر죬ڱ˻ûзӦʱҶ֧£һڹڽʮء
صתҵվ߲ϵ
صعƣܸͲĻÿĴʮ˵ܹﵽˮ׼ҵʵٵÿѹҶһ¶ҶүӾ˵ʸ㹻ˡ
ʵϣܶ󶼴ﲻҵӪˮƽ
ȻҪ˵ԲƸĻƿصҶʲһЩ˹Ǳ߶ʲڸţǲܱȵġ
Ҷ˵绰֮󣬾Ϳʼĥ顣
߲ƺǱȽˣƽĸ￪ŵҲ˺ܶ࣬ӦǸ涼Э⼸ڵķӦò̫ᷢ仯ˡ
ȻѶôҶ;Լ߶ӦҲӦüһѾЩɼ

ȻͮҶгҸ÷˹ˡ
ŶҶӴϹӦһ
ͮһĵ˯£ϣһ¶棬ְֱעĿ˽̾͸һ硣
÷ϢҶΪ֮һ壬ͮӹʢ÷룬Ц˵ȷʵʣҾǵĺ֮ͷ̫ȥ˯ˡ
ڻʮءͮ˿ǽϵĹӣڻش
Ҷһڣ¶ȺˣӦͮȥģˬɿڣˬ
ллˡҶ÷֮󣬽Ż̵Уͮʾ˸л
ͮԱ߶°˫棬֧ϣĿתؿҶҶĸл󣬾ЦŻش˵ÿֻǴӳ˳ѣɩġ
ͬ־ȻŶĸǳҶЩȻȻ۵
ǰоɩӱҸҪöˡͮЦ
Ҷͷ治֪Щʲô顣
ҶгͮȻʵ˵дɩƼίǵ飬𣿡
¶Ҹľһ£ûбʾȷķԡҶϣȻҲûбҪʲôʵϣľΪŮ쵼Ȼøһ飬ѡǲġ
ڶɽǱˣڶɽеĹٳ˽ȻǺֵܳģټҲΪһλһֵĴ飬ԸȽͻҲҪľŮԸɲ
⼸ĿǣҶŻľƼ顣
Ȼˣһԭ򣬾ҶĽӴ϶࣬˱Ƚ˽⣬Ϊܹ
˵Ҷгǰͬľǹ¹֪ľλĸɲͮЩȤʵ
ǴʲôǶʵģҶͮһۣЦŷʵ
͵ǵ̨ߵݰɡͮش
Ϊ̨ʣȻǹ¹̬ˣҶ˵ͷȻһµľǵǺܳڵģǰегڼ䣬˴Ĺ֮Ҳһܺãٸ˵ɣԭеĿǶŶ沽ʮӵĻǿ涼Ǻɫľ˳пͣһЩСôҵȾ豸װװãȻͶ˲ǮЧܿͼˣеĿԵĸơ
ôĶӦǱȽϴİɣͮˣʵ
ǵȻģҵ棬ǲΥǲţЩʵǺܸӵģһЩҵطϹܲ͸ˡҶ˵Щ飬ľһģ˵ͺ
˵ľǳúƯءͮȻ˵
ǺǣɩӼľˣ֪ģԺҲлɷҶЦЦŮǹͬǷƯûбҪ̸
ͮΪɽе̨ŮߣҲ̨ɩٳľݵĻ̨ҪͽģԽõĻֻࡣ
ҾҪȥˣȻһֿĸоͮҶİţȻͶƸ֮Ҳеį
ɽжԣǼ磬֮أǷǳӵġ
ȥĹʴеĵ̨ʵϰ꣬ȷʵѵãǺӶʡ̨ļǣҲδؾܹõĻᡣ
Ϊ˱ѳɱҶȣҲòĻᣬһ룬ֻ˵ʧ֮֮ɣˡ
ʵҲôǣ̨Ǳ߶ҲӦе̫İҶͮ˼Ͷ˵
ҲǵԼ޷Ӧֻƣһʱ֮Щп߹һӾͺˡͮҡҡͷ
ͮ¥𣿡ʱ
ɩӣҶг˵ءͮӦһ
Ȼ¥ݵ˽ͿСͮҶĶ棬ϴŵĵ˯ڵƹԵЩ͸ʸУԼ֮Կóز״
СѾͷǹɫأ治֪ܻ䣿
ֹ䣬˹ͷҶ˵Ҷгá
ͬ־öҪ˵ҶȻѯʵԭϣľǶ㵣飬ûʲôԼΣ
ҶĻžȵط֣Ҷľ֮ĹϵȻһ㣬гܹίǾѡ˵ʲôأλ֮ȷʵһ̶ȵĬ
֯ϵİţûʲôش
ʵ飬ԺôǺܶģȻûзԵɡ
ݶϣĸɲûнʵĹϵҲܷŵȥְǸίǵĻˣЩҪľίһ֣صǡسǿԳεġ
ֻίϣʱ䡣
¶˵ˣͮȥ֮ҾʹȥľǣǱ߶Ҷ˵
õġ˵ͷͬˡ
ҶָɩһӣཻһЩҪע⣬˽ľݵԸȵȣָͮ˽ȥе̨֮󣬿Щ˰æֽһ绰
ĵ绰ʲô˵⣬ԴҶͮ˵
𣿡ͮˣЩ˼
涼ûˣ治˼ȥ鷳˼ҡ
ûɶʵģǱ߶˵еġҶ⻰˵еΥˡ
еĵͷϣѻв˵ˣһ˵ûм˸Ҳ¶ģ˵ΪҶƽݣԼѲԱݣҲһ˿ӵġ
еϵͳ棬ѻĴ޵еġ


937 С鷳
ͮɩԼ֮Ҷˡ
Ժһʱ򣬵绰Ҷܲˣ֮ʵҶһλ
Ҷ鷳ˣ绰ǳеżӡ
ţô¶Ŵ绰úõҶ˯ʱʧˣӴеѯʵ
Ҷÿ춼Ҫͨģʲô鶼Ҫ˵һ£ҶҲὫԼ߶飬Ҫĸ˵˵ͨޡ
Ҳ绰˻۹ҪҪһڶɽסϼ죬ȥɽҰʱǳãȴ֪ʲô飬Űѵ绰˹
ǹ˾õթƭҶ˵
ô¶˵һЩҶʱӻеԾ˵
ǳ͸Ҷ˵һͨľ͸
ԭڳĹ˾棬һԶݣһֱŹ˾֮ϵ񣬾ڲǰΪϵһЩҪ˹˾һЩ¹ϵλá
ôһͻˣǸݵְԱͷ֣ĿһЩ岻ĵطٸзϵһ£ͷ˸ص⡣
ǸԶϳҵԼ湫˾ã濪˼ֵʮԪı֤
֤ʲôҶ̫רҵĶʵǸ㲻ģƺⲢʲô¶
һõĶҪؼǣһЩȥĻ˼ȨҪǶֵģЩż
Ҳû뵽Ȼᷢ顣
ǸԶݣǰҲûоʲôԾģһλڲŷȻ̰˹˾ǧʲóеΪŭֵ֪˱֤⣬ʱżˡ
ֶ·ǷϷͲ˵ˣΪԳĹ˾忪ģһ⣬ծҪɳĹ˾еġ
һοҶæòײ׬һǮ˾ʲܹҲǶʮԪңû뵽Ǽһȥ˵Ѻ
飬ǳҲûа취ģԳֱҶæ취
أҶʵ
սӵ׼ȷϢ˵һǱˣڷɻѾ̫ƽϿգһȥ鷳ˣЩż˵
С⵹ЩˡҶ¶֮Ҳͷ۲ѡ
ҪڹڵĻô˵ǳ˹Ļʲô취ܹ⣬ҶҲû׶
Ȼ˵͹ȲţǱ߶Լľݵ㣬ҲһֿԸжҪǳֵĻϴ鷳ģϾҲǳصģFBIַ棬൱̶ȵ鱨ȡ
ҶϣΪЩ飬֮Ħ
ϾӺš⻹ûн֮ĹϵȽ΢̬仯⣬ܹóȻʹþǹ
𼱣˽һɡҶʱҲֻǽȻĻ϶Ǵġ
ѵ绰ʹǱ߶һ¡
飬Ҳǵһγˣ鷳ġˣ˵
ǰҲƵ飿ҶˣЩ档
ǰûע⵽ˣũ幤ڵĽȷʵеңͬ־Ѿºֽˡ˵
˵ף黹ǸзĹѲϵģĻҲɵطоͿôȵı֤
ʱ򣬽ͬ־ȥũ忼칤һЩ飬ܲˡҶ˵
ͬ־Ӳũ幤ʱλɲһ˳ũɲִִգũȺ
Ȼһ˳ͬ־ʱóӣ
ʵϣͬ־ڴ֮ǰѾյһλʶֵũ񻭳һţеͼũǶôصĸԱнٺԺЩطǷũʱߵİ
ͬ־ѯũʱᵽǲǶˣũȴҴǷġ벻
ͻȻ⣬ũ壬Ҳ˴⡣
еĻ1.8%12%24%ʽʣ20ڣ2000Ԫյսǲʱ䣬10м10ڡ
ֱֹ֮䱾ؽߵ48%
ⳡ˽ļУϰ׹ԱܵǣҲϢʡߣ̰ۺл̡
ʵϣֻǱɽһǣ꾭ùȡʧ⵼½ҡǮׯԾû޶ȵʽʼܿ˹ٷʡ
·ݵʱмҵطоͿ200ܶ100Ԫı֤һŦԼעƭӹ˾Ҷ˵˵㣬еרעڵطˣû̫߲㶯̬Щ鶼֪ӰںܶϵжϵģרŷɲڲΣûкúÿһ
ԭӰҶ֮Ҳһ˵˵Ӹ󣬾ȻҿһԪı֤ڲʲôģһֱע⣬ҪרҸ˴ⷽˡ
ôôأҶǿյԼĶǡ
ոջ죬Щ˲ְɣķҲȽϴ󣬿Щ˻ˣҪٳӣԸĶ͸޼ɵһЩشһӾͺˡ
ô飬ʲôأҶпյʵ
ǲ󷽱ģǰ˽һ˵ԷĶʲôģǲָҵ˳֣Ͼʱ̣ʲô״̼˵񾭡ԼΡ
ףΪӺ¼ӰҶ˵ͷ˵СеãȻʱǸԶҲǹģȻôݡ
ΪӺ¼Ӱ죬˫ȽϿƣ鱨СĶˣΨֱԷץסСӣ߲Ҳãĸ߲ҲãøԴȴһ̣޻˵
ʱʲôӣ涼ȥġ
֪иܰ⡣Ȼ˵
˭ҶˣʱΪ֮һ񣬼æ׷ʵЩرʾôҲѧˣʲôð취ֱ˵
ѵˣϹѾͷ¶𣿡ҶǼҵϱжǸɱԽģֵĻ⻹С¶һ׮
Ϲܿ԰ôû뵽ҶˣȻǰһʱ⡣


938 ϹܿĹ뷿
ѵˣϹѾͷ¶𣿡ҶǼҵϱжǸɱԽģֵĻ⻹С¶һ׮
Ϲܿ԰ôû뵽ҶˣȻǰһʱ⡣
ǰҶ濼ǵ̫࣬û룬ʱôһѣҶʱͷӦˣֻǻûϰñ˶ѡ
ϹǺǿģֻϹܿͿɿһߡ
ͥŮӣȫɱ
ǰϹļϹ̨ǰȨʱѾǹڶİɱ֯ΪȨԶߺ⣬ȻڹûʲôӰˣںȴֽ˱ȽӴ鱨֯ͬʱҲнһЩɱ⡣
ˣϹҲڶ̶ʮ䣬ͱøɵйʵ⼸ʮеĹַƱãǴ˺ܶ׬Ǯ⡣
أϹǱ߶Ҳõú˳ֵ
ĵ绰֮Ҷ̾͸Ϲܿѵ绰˹ȥ
Ҷ٣ǲ˯ţˣ绰еϹܿЦ˵
ǰҪ̳ҵǰҾƫҶҲÿֱӾͺ
ļٵģĻҾ͵ǳŵ˰ϹܿڶȴǾס鲻ţһҪ
ȱЩûõĶмҪæһ¡ҶøϹܿ˿߶˷ѿˮֱӾԼҪ󣬡Թ¶Ƚϼ
ʮӺίԺſڽҡϹܿĻشȴҶеЩԾ
Ѿ˶ɽôû֪ͨأҶЩɵʵ
֮ǰ˾ԼˣϹܿɽҶۺ飬ԼϹҵĻع⣬˳歵Ƿծˡ
⼸Ҷ鷱æǴͮ飬ӭľݵĵȻͰ¶ˣȴû뵽Ϲܿ˶ɽ֮󣬾ȻҲܹסȴ֪澿Щʲô飿
ǰ˽ӴľҶŮӦûʲôġ
ȻˣҶǲʲôΪҶսϹܿһ涼ϤֲӵǸһЩʱ䣬Ҳ̾ͳһŻ
ڵأҪһĵĻûйٷ֧֣Ǹ㲻ġ
˼ҪһϲϹܿڵ绰潿ػش
ʮӺҶƲƲ죬˵绰
ףִһñӣȻ˷䣬¥
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ʱеҪûʲô¶ЪŰɣҴԿףǲøŶҶ˰ֵ
ӦһЩɣ֪ҶʱŶΪʲôӦȥܻĸŮ˰ɣ
Ҳ벻Ҷҹˡ
ЩҲûʲôϵ˻ȥĵӾ硣
ҶίԺվſڣ˲ӣͼһԽҰ˹ɫĳҹԵ÷ǳ͵ĻͿǷܵͣеĸо
һֱҶ߶ͣ¶Ϲܿ
ҶгϳɡϹܿҶ˵
šҶҲûж˵ʲôֱӾϹܿĳӡ
ôûпǼأϹܿЩʵ
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ŶϹܿ˵ͷĿ֮ΧɨһȦͿ˶ӣȻҶľĳ
˵飿ҶһɣϹܿѯʵ
ȥסĵطɣڸԶϹܿش
СҶ˵ͷ
Ϲܿһ֣ǰŮ˾Ϳųӣ뿪ίԺϱ߶һֿȥ
֮󣬳ӾһƬ棬ͣ
㵹ǶģչѡôһˮأˣʱģҶһЦطǶɽ¿ҵסլһСŻ϶ʮ£һС԰˵Ƿǳֵˡ
Ȼˣͨ˶ԣٿǮҵнıҲġ
Ȼģڵصķʵ̫ˣЩ㣬ҪȻĻšϹܿЦЦ
˵ȻʵڵķزгŸո𣬶ɽСطҲſ˸ͷټϽ˺ͬ־ٽдȵȣԷزг
µױļǮںһĻﲻȻǳֵúܡ
ҶϹܿ˳߽˱档
ֻƻͨܶ๤¥µĴʰһЩװ
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ŶԭˡҶˣаԵͷ
ΪϹܿ˶ɽкڳﻮʲôСأڿ͵Ҳ˵ùȥϾϹܿߣҪҲǺܸߵģڿǰֳӺݻһ棬뷨ǿġ
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ʵϣڹڵΰǱȽϺõģȻ˵Ҳܹųֶ԰ķǶͨ˶ԣһԼעͲʲô鷳¶
û취̫࣬ϰˡϹܿЩεػһ䡣
ҶϹܿĹ뷿
沼õ÷ǳܰȫǰշɫõģжƮɢһ׵Ĵ棬ѷŲ׶೤Ĵߣë׵ĺܿɰ
Ͼͱ˯ҶˣָǴʵ
ǰֲ˼ңߵģܵҸƷϹܿҶ˸۶˵
Ҫ˵ܲӡʵҸŮɱֵһ桭Ҷָ촽棬üͷ˵̸¶
Ҷңʲô¶ϹܿЦʵΪûп正еˬɣ
ʲôϵˡҶ˰ֱ֣ӾʵϹңǱ߶ǷҲõóֵˣţҪסģ
ȻеġϹ֮ܿЩʵֻǣҶôˣ
ǾͺãмҪίһ£ͰǵĹɣҪǮͷת㡣Ҷ˵
ʲôôţϹܿһתЩ˵Ҫ飬ǿǲɵģԼ
ǵڣֻίǴһϣǵѡҶҡͷڷɻϣСʱ֮ŦԼ䣬Ϊϵеţҵ˲ó֡
ŶˣĻģϹܿˣ̾͵ͷӦ


939 С˼ʹı
ʲôҶˣһʱ֮ûзӦ
ҵ˼˵Ǹҵ֮ҪŪֻȡöϹܿ͵Ϊ˷ڱȽϺʡ
㻹ɱģſڱտھʲôġҶϹۣܿͼλŮ÷Ŀǣ˼£һջĵһСľͺױȥ˻ǡ
ֻǲˣ˭Ҳ벻λŮŮһ־ܹ촦֮ء
˼ұǸһжϹܿŤӣɦŪ˵ضҶ˵ҪģҪģ
ţĻһɡҶ룬ԷվϳҵԶݣһȥڷ¶Ҳ˵
ҶǸԶݵϣϹܿһݶرһҪ˰Яı֤ҵȻ
ԭŵ飬˵ôôءϹ֮ܿ󣬾
飬ҵ鰡ôһʧҪҵͷϣǻее۵ġҶûػش
ʵϣʮԪʧҶǳеֻķˣôǱȽ鷳ġ
Ҷˣ˶ʮԪҲᱻ˸飬鱩¶ôǶϳҶԣǶҶҶԣôϾʮԪʽǴģ
һγʵôȫ죬Ҳý͵ģڹƵУЩȷʵ˵ãĻͻҲǴܶ๥ԼĿʵ
Ϊ˳׽ЩҶ϶Ҫͨǳֶģôھ͹ϵͳ޷õǰ£Ϲܿɱܹ֯ɵϴóˡ
鲢ѣǰ˸ûʲô̫ϵϹܿʱǽһ£óһۡ
ǻӦ׼ģǱ߶û̫ĹϵȻõģѾȡϵô͵·ɻ֮󣬼ʱСҶϹܹ֮ܿܶţҲϣôʹ죡
Ҷ˵⻰ʱоһЩɱڵĸоˡ
ˡϹܿˣ̾Ҷ˼
Ҫ֪ҵǸԶݣ̰˹˾ǧ𣬸˼ֵʮı֤ϳҵʧǼģˣֱɱޡ
Ҷ˼ǰϵı֤ûϵֽǱǮҲûһ˶ǳһҲǸһЧȵİ
ȻˣԷȷʵе£ܹ㲢һҵĻҶҲųܵһ˶´ԭȥ
֮ܶӵһҪԹͷŽޡ
ϹܿİЧǺܸߵģֱӾͰصϸԼŮ˾ֵԸ䣬Ů˾ͳȥˡ
飬ȥͿˡϹܿҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ滹е̤ʵʵϹصڵصĻеɻˡ
ڸλǴͬģں⣬Ϲֵ⣬ܹӵдڵĿռ䣬ڹȴǾ޿ܵģһɲܿƵӴڡ
ԣϹһع֮󣬻⣬Ǵ鷳
˽⡣Ϲܿͷʵǽ˼֣󲿷ֵֽʲתƻعڸҵͶʣںĲеҲںⷢչ
ţôõġҶ˵ͷʾͬ
ʵϣϹܹŴαܿΣǵļʹǷֲġ
ΪһӴңϹֻԼ棬ȨĸǶԣν飬Ҳ̸ʲôЧ񣬱ϾվָģûκһܹõͳιңȴǳģҲõġ
ϹҶԣѡһǿƵȨЧң˥ʱܱ֮ˣҲںⷢչôĹģ
ȻˣΪһڵطչңҶ˼һ˵УǺҪģϼϹŻŻع飬ҲǿڵλѾʺԼˡ
۹⣬Ҷͨǰʮ귢չ￴Ҳֵþġ
һϹѡʱع飬Ҳǿ˹巢չѻᣬЩȲҪһˡ
ˣϹҲܿɼҲͳΪһı꣬ĶԼҵӵǴٳɻع֮¡
Ϲܿ˿߶Ҳ˻ز߻Ը˶Ҷ棬ΪǣӴ
Ҷ٣ղ˵Ļ㲻ϹܿȻһŤҶϣ˫۲Ĳʵ
ʱϹܿȻһ׺ɫȹװȥ룬ҶĻ棬ȴһʵŤŤһòҶ顣
ϹܿϣɢһҶе·ĸоµķӦԽԽԣЩԾԾѹƲȥ˼ˡ
٣˼ҵ㻰ءϹܿܵҶķӦӽĻ棬ĵ׷ʵ
ʲôôǵˣҶʱȻ֪Ϲܿʲô飬ֻ¶治ôӦϹܿûʲôģ֪Ůʲôء
ƫϹܿҶĻ湰ȥŪĻʢ
¶һ˵ɡҶǲû֮ƣܵ˽˽㣬ȫɱһʱ֮Ӧģ֪ϴʱһóһ˿ˣðҸήˣ
ᣬ˼ҺܾöûԳˣЩǷԵѡϹܿǺܳղճҶĻǲ֣͸弸һ㡣
˰һҿƲסҿɲ֤һʲôɥĲҶɫ
ϹܿҶĻ棬ĸоȻ˵Ůеŵʵȴô¶̬ȻҶоųɾŵİգܹȷԭװʣµһ˿ûգȴΪҶϹܿǲ˿߶
˵Ů˸ŮһʱҲп̫̼ʧġ
ǾͲҪϹܿ˷ۺɫСͷҶĶһ£ֳĶ䶴洵˿سջ˵˶Ƕģôô
ģҶϹܿʵ
ġҶôţϹܿ΢һ˿ΪɲĻңȻͺȷػش
áҶ˵ͷȻͰϹܿڴϣȹӸ䣬˿ڿ¶ѩ׵β


940 
ġҶôţϹܿ΢һ˿ΪɲĻңȻͺȷػش
áҶ˵ͷȻͰϹܿڴϣȹӸ䣬˿ڿ¶ѩ׵β
ƯͣҪרŻǮȥΣҶˣҲɵһ
ɣƺǲµҶЩʲôϹܿЩ԰һ䡣
Ҷ˵ͷûзϡ
ʵϣʶŮ棬ӵиƵ˶УǴ͵ܹõ˳ֵģҲϹܿˣŮƺһҪ˵ġ
ʹҶܿϹܿ£ȻܹоŮԼһһŤţĥԼвλǡ
Ҷ˳Ϲܿһѣָļһֱػ£ѩʱʶͣһ£Ȼ˳Źɹ˽ȥ͸оԼһճȥǸȻճǹɹ档
ⶫճΡҶֹһȻڿһ⣬Ϲܿ٣ǷȻڹļ֮أ
ĻǾԲʱκʵϵĹϵģĻùˣסԼСӣ
ҶԣŮ˲ʲô¶Ҫ֪ڸϹҵϹܿĻôҪһЩ飬Щ󷽱ˡ
ҶϹܿƨȥģŪϹܿҲЩڣȻ˵ֵһе̬ɱϾֻǻƻŮǴһҪҶֵ뷨Ҳھôûܵίˣ׸
ʵϹҵȻܹõҶһЩ飬ڶ˹һЩڸпС˵ľ֮ϹܿǺԸٳɺ¶ģϾκһŮˣܾ˸˷ϵջҶԺյļڵ߹١
һԴ𣿡ҶȻϹܿѯʵ
ʲôڱҶ֮еϹܿˣʱһ㶣֪Ҷʲô˼
Ϲܿķ棬ûдԼ̣Ҳû˸̡
Ȼ֪ҶҪΪʲôϹܿܿڲ֪ʲôطԼĶ˵ȥһһԴͽ
ܿ죬ϹܿŮ˾˽һֻͨһԴ˴ϣҲɢңɫ죬ѩ׵β¶ڿ֮еϹܿҲϹܿƨɵҶɫصͬһ㣬Ϲܿķ΢΢ϹȻȻ˳ȥ
Щ˽ţ治̤ʵҶˣͶϹܿ˵
ϹܿȴǸӲһ㣬Щӣ˵ҶپҪ¶ؾصҲˣϹСҲ׼ôڰУϲµģ˻ҪʲôһԴ⾿ʲô˼أ
ûҵǲϹܿЩȻػش
ΪһӴңϹܿعأ֪ʲôʱܽʲôʱܽЩϹܿһ˵ġ
žһǳİ
ϹܿһУ֪ҶúõΪʲôҪƨɣһַǳֵĸо
ƺСϹС㶼ûй飬ɵŤͷɴ۾ҶҪõһɡ
ԺҵǰôװƣҶϹܿ°ͼȻ˵
Ϲܿһ£ԲӦͷͷһҶָȻͷת˻ȥȴһһ¡
оϵŮСèһǱСèһѱˣҶŰעת˴ϡ
ָѹŵĵӴק˳΢ѽ߸һ·Ȼ󰴶Ǹϰť
ֻд΢ĵ𻨣žķŵ
ҶһŵӴһָϹܿ⻬ļĴָָΰֿ
ϹܿԼе΢΢زͷˣվе΢΢Ŀ־УֻǻûеȵҶһӦһ죬ƨɺ洫˹һĸо
̬ϹܿҶΪʲôҪҪһԴú͵֥϶ûĹܵġ
ǺǣоɣҶֺǺǵϹܿѯʵ
ô˵أϹܿҲǱȽϸӵģû뵽ҶĿζȻôأƫƫĸоеȵģе΢ĿŰ뷨ò˵һֺìܵ
飬ҲеϹܿ⡣
ҶûмŰϹܿƨɣӴӵһ߶ȻϹܿڿָԭ״巭˹Լôڻ档
ϹܿĿ⿴ҶƺЩ֣ʣΪʲôˣ
ǲӦöӴһӣԸһȥһ¸飬Ȼ飿ҶЦŶϹܿ˵ĻҵĻӰ쵽Էչ־õŮϵǲġлŮܵеġ
Ϲܿˣʱ˸۶
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵˸ŮϴǶ°֧ģ̸ʲôŮ˵ר
ֻƣϹܿҲǺԸôϡͿذ˶ʮİװ۵壬ôҶ
ԣȻҶҪװƣôȻ˳ˮˣνˣԷʲôѵ¶
¶ҶȻ˵
ʲôϹܿʵȻ֮䣬þôҶĻ棬ҲǲĸоҶһźۣҺҹӣôõˣƺûˡ
㣬ҶϹܿʵûװʲôİɣ
Ϲܿˣʱ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôˣҶΪһȫɱء
е߳ŭϹС㣬ͻȻͷһ§סҶĲӣݺݵؽ˵ĺ촽ӡҶĴϡ
Ҳϲ̫ŮˡҶĻû˵꣬͸оԼͷѾϹܿ˳ع˳˱ţҪйԼǿҲ
ҶȻϲƿؾˣҲؿʼзͷϹܿ촽Űţţþ˳أк֮
ӣ򰵶ɣ˵Ϣʱͱòȶ֫Ϊһй˳ҶһֻزϹܿĳ֮Уʼظš
ʲôҶͷ˦촽ЩˣִϹܿĳ֮Уһ״ŹֵĶӵ˴ϡ
ʲôءϹֻܿǿǶһۣͽؽҶţԼ㴽˹
Ҿ֪ɱֿס˵ûһεģҶƵһ£һ߶ӦϹܿĴһִֻǰͳһֻӵһСĶ
ըġϹܿһѰסҪ׿Ҷض˵


941 ǷǶԹ
ףϹܿźôʧˣڼϹܿȻ֣ʾϵʧˣʾװϹܿϵźԴѾʧЧˡ
ĿǼСģΪ׷ЧܺãǳڽˮУҲ𻵣ֻҪãܹź
ȻСȴǹ¿ƼĳɹҪȻĻҲûжٴ
һεźŸ٣ʾĿѾȥ˺ӶʡĶɽУֵµһرж飬Ҳȥ˶ɽͨרõ豸ϵظϹܿϵźš
ˣҲھ߶ܵôԶźţڵļġ
һ£ʾ棬歵ǸȻڡ
˵ֻϹܿϰװ׷⡣
岻ר̾͸󲿳ͨ˵绰ȥϹܿźʧˣ歵Ļڡ
ŶͨһºʵӰѽ˵ٸһ£ݽһݱҡ
õġͷӦȻʵǶϹܿ׷٣ҪҪȥ
Ȼ˵źԴʧˣǸжȻǴڵģҾڶɽУǿԼסϹܿжġ
ţһ¾ˣҲҪʲôرĶͨһ£͵ͷͬˣ˵һҶ٣ǲǸϹܿнӴ
ǣ֪ˡش
˵绰֮ͿʼͷϵϣϹܿٽйɣͣʱĳԼƵȣһݾ
ӱ岢ûзʲô⣬ֻϹܿͻȻȥ˶ɽУ˾ЩͻأˣϾΪϹҵСϹܿ߾֮ĴУԵøӺһЩ
ȥ˶ɽСطƺܶ鶼Ӧġ
Ǵڵĵõ鱨ƺϹܿ˳סɽеĴˣЩ֣ϸһ£ͷֻϹܿȥɽΪҶ
ϾҶϿ˵еǹ⻷ٶȨأ޵УȵȵȵȣǸŮĶܲջ֪ĻϹܿҪڹ㣬ѡĺȻλҶ١
ֻһ£;û᲻ҶϹܿϵ׷أ
пܣǲܹȷҡҡͷɲǺܳ֡
˵ҶϹ֮ܿйϵĻ֮ǰͲôϵؽ׷װϹܿϣϾһѶȵȫ˵첻ġ
˵ˣйϵҶϹܿһ¾Уôôһζʱڣڱļ֮أ
嵹һϹܿĵ绰ţϧϹܿⷽҲע⣬ô׵֣ҽͨǱ߶ƺҲûдİţ޷
˵Ҷĵ绰Ǿ͸ȥˣҪô˵Ļ˵ҶˣǴ󲿳ͨǱ߶Ҳסġ
ûͷûԵĹûеͷ岻ɵ̾˿
æͷϵĹͽõľڣͨ紫һݶȥ
ͨӵĵ紫֮󣬽Ϸһ£ȻװԼĹİУתͷͷԸ˾Լȥ
ھתһȦȻһܻĺԺͣ
ҡͨ˾ԸһȻ߽ĺԺ
Ժڰľǽ֮ͨ󣬾ĵ˻ȥ
ֱͨӴ˼ԺӣȻֱһ
ʱȻǵƻͨóӵ˯ú
С˰ɡǸͷĳǰӦǸߴģǴʱס·˪ϴѾЩˡ
ͷ˽ͨûие⣬ֻǷǳ£ȻԱ߶Ĳһˮ
׳ϹҵѾͷȥ˶ɽгסĴ㡣ͨǳضͷ˵
ͷˣЩ˵ɽУǱ߶ʲôأ
ҲеЩ֣˵ǰϹǱ߶ûлļ󡣡ͨʵش
ǾˡͷԼ°ͣЩɵؿ
׳ϹҵѾͷٵ鱨棬Ŀͨеϣ˫ֵ˹ȥ
ţͷӹȥ֮󣬵ͷ˵
ҲûеʲôֱӾͷ
֮󣬿ͷſЩϣ˵ϹҵѾͷǺСĵģûʲô̫Եյ鱨ҲǺϡ
˼˵ͨʵ
ϹұصܣϹҵѾͷҲǲ֪ģϹϹûа¶˵ͷѾͨϣϹҵıأӦþͲڽһǾĸλϣͺ˵ˣƫƫϹܿһβûǱ߶֡
׳ΪϹܿĲرͨʵ
ţϾǰ͵ˣ֪ѾԽԽ٣ر䣬ֻϹϹһ֪ˡͷ̾˿˵ϹҵĲƸȷʵȽϾˣرҪǽ鱦һЩܵĵһЩܵĻ»һЩصӰ죬ǲܹ鷢
ͨͷǣڿͷ˵Щ飬ҲǷǳĵģˣҲһ˸飬ǵй¶ȥ
ϹΪ鱨֯Լӵжɱ֯ܶص飬յһЩϺ͵ǴɱһعĻܻŤܶ˵ʷۣվĽǶϣֹЩķ
ܿƵأڵһʱڶɱ
һϹܿΪϹһعȷص˹ڣ̾˿ͷעеɣϹ輱ŻΪ˰ѵµЩҳĻȫûбҪعġ
ϹںӰԼľ޶ƸϹûбҪʲôҶİϷġ
ôŻֻ˵һ飬ǾڵûüߵЩ˿
Ϲôģһܴ飬ǱֹͷԽͨ˵
֮ͨ󣬾Щǵرʾɲ˵ĸ߲㷽棬󲿷ֶǶ⺣ҵĻع飬ֻӭ̬ȵģϾǵĻع飬ΪڴʽͼھõķչкܴĴ̼ã޷ܾ
ͨ˵Ȼʵ飬ʵϣڰһЩǰǣҲ׷׾ǰȥĲƸľų濪ʼˡ
ΪȣͨΪһŵĸˣЩ޷赲ġ
ǮǮǮǮûиҪ𣿣ͷ뵽ЩҲɵЩŭӣŭȴ¶һ˿޿κε


942 ޷
ǸŮŮ񰡣ôȫΣƷҶӵȴû뵽ǴըƷɵÿЦ
ϹܿǺɵؽǶӹȥȵطһ߶ⶫҲûôΣգ㲻õĻһƷԼӵ㲦Խⶰ¥ըˣ֮һġ
Ůϻʲô㹷ģͳˣǵҶһһȡҶͶϹܿ˵
˵ʵڻϹܿϵЩе֪ں⾿˶ΣƷҲ֪صʱôͨģ
ԵģطصְΪ
ʲôŮֵֹġϹܿҶһۣЩ˵ҾãЩԼȽ˼һЩ
ô㻹ѰϷ𣿡ҶˣЦҵ˱ǲǻʲô˵ʲôģ
ǺǣôСϹܿЦ
ҶվûϹ̫ܿãΪĿǰ£Ҫ侲ͷԣռһˣŪϹܿЩ࣬ʱ򣬾Ͷ˵֮ǰ֮УװһöСС׷ѾŪˡ
ʲôϹܿˣʱЩ󾪡
ȫû뵽ԼҲе
ϸ룬ͷһ⣬Ȼ˵صڵ֮󣬲ûийĽӴȴǸҶйײһЩȽǵĶ
ҶĻһЩֽŵĻǺпֵܵġ
ֻ벻Ҷװʲô׷ϾﶼҪϸļģܳ⣬ôΨһĿԣҶ϶ֽš
ǣôأϹܿɫ̱÷ǳʲôطʲôʱڵص׷ѾﵽôȽĵزˣ
ҲģϾкܶ飬㲢ûи˵ʵҶ˿ϹܿĸɫͶ˵ֻǽմô⣬Ҳ˼ʲô㡭
Ҷ˵ŻǣϹܿһֻ֣˳ԼĹɹȥ
ȻϹָܿͣ̾͸оеͬǷǳСһͻȻһŻһСһЩ
ⶫ𣿡ϹܿСЩȷҶѯʵ
ʱͼˣҶȷʵǳĻᣬƨɣǵΪ֣ȴû뵽Ҷתעװôһ׷ϡ
ҪСڵصˣںܶ෽棬ҪиѶԸġҶϹܿ°ͣ۾ض˵
ʱϹܿЩͣȻĻǷһЩȽе©ܹ׷ֳĻ֮ǰһЩƻҪеˡ
˳ٸһ歵ҲôһҶϹܿ˵
ҲλϣϹܿɫЩŹֵطʵ
ţҲλñȽϷ㣬ױ֡ҶЩԵõرʾʵ֤ҵѡȻȷģôˣȻûз顣
ôϲŮӵƨ𣿡ϹܿˣЩʵ
ȻҶȷʵǵ棬Чá
·棬λϣôԼ׾ܹ֣רõһЩ豸ҲܹҶƫƫƨɵĻᣬⶫ˹ɹ棬һӡ
˭Ҳñ˼ԼЩ˽λϹܿŮӣȻ˵ȫɱǱϾݸ߹ôñȥ
˵Լϴʱ΢ĽӴĻУδؾܹʲôϾǶǳС˿ע⡣
ƯŮ˵ƨɣǵעһЩҶЦŻش
Ȼⷽ棬ϹܿȷʵǸƺܹڻ˻ҶᲢۡ
ôΪʲôҪ飿ϹܿʵҿɲֻΪմ˵ô򵥡
Ϲܿڵص鱨ҲһЩ˽⣬֪ǵ֯ǳܣطȫѽڵģԳϵܹϽҶܹЩ飬϶Ϊ鱨ҲвΪ֪ϵ
鱨ԱԣŮ˽ֵǮġ
ֻǱʾһҵĳѡҶ˰ֵ㲻ôɣôֻϣ֪ҵѡһ㣬ǾǴҼȻѡ˺ôЩҪصģҪ˵һЩʵĻʵǿסġ
ҶҪ֪ЩʲôϹܿûзҶĻǷʵ
Ƕ;ճúΣȡɵЩȡ
óˣǶһºȻ䣬ھҵĵ֮ڲԪӦѾʧЧˡҶԥϹܿ˵Ҫ֪飬һλʵĿģϹүӣԵ޹ʾͻģһʲôԭ򣬵㲢ûиҡ
ҶϹܿҪ˵ֹҪʲôҶ֮ĻŪңҲͨˣ˵ЧģҲеҵ̡ô֮ͣٸҡ
ڻϿλŮ֪Ϲܿںܶ϶û˵ʵ֮Ҫ׷飬޷ǾҪ飬һϹܿģ¶֮еѹ
ΨˣϹܿпԼϹһعʵԭ򽲳
ȻϹֹ֮ܿ󣬳˼һӣŶҶ˵ǸҪʾһ¼游ܾ
ӦõġҶûͷش
ʵϣҶҲΪϹܿһŮӣܹϹ
ЩͳĴ嵱УλҪģʱϹүϣȻһЩصˣҶΪϹܿһŮδؾͻֻϹɳͷȷѡ
ҿԽ㣬ǰǲܹĻҲġҶϹܿ˵ûκһˣϲŮƭҲûκһˣϲһϲŮԼĴϣȻ˵ǸɫŮ
ˡϹܿЩͳ
ôҲû뵽ȥƺ׶ԸҶȻô˼ԭΪҶŪڹ֮ϣȴû뵽ֻһԸѣҶȻص֮˵ƵĻϹܿôҲ벻һζӣȻ˼ҵļ֮еġ
Լúһɣ˳תϹүһǻӭϹҵĻع飬ˣ̫ĻĻҲ޷֤ܹ˳ȥϾڲ˶ӭġҶϹܿļͷĳض˵
Ϲܿͷ˼Ȼ֪ҶʲôʱߵģɵЩ㵣Ǵδġ
үүȻ˿ˡһӺϹܿ˵绰ЦŶԶŷ޵Ϲү˵


943 ϹĻش
үүȻ˿ˡһӺϹܿ˵绰ЦŶԶŷ޵Ϲү˵
Ŷ˵˵ô¶绰Խģеӳ٣ɱȽϺʮ㣬һҲһλӽ˵
λ游ϹܿǱһӵ̬Դġ
ΪϹҵڣϸȨϽΣε鱨˵Ϲ裬Ȼֲʷᣬԣڵĺܶ棬λ˾һλΪƸΪĴ
Ҹջͱ˸׷ˡϹܿûбܻ䣬ֱӾͰʶҶḶ́Ϲ轲һͨ
ϹúϸһЩ⣬ҶĳְǰһЩȵȣòȣǳ꾡
⺢Ӳ򵥡Ϲ˽ۡ
Ϲܿ˵һͲҪظ˰ɣʵϣҶӴ޼ΣϹܿڲ֪ΰ㣬Ҷûв
߿˵ҶǷƤװĵ䷶Ҳ˵Ƕڱ˵Сڣ֮ܶںӰϹҴС㣬ڵ֮󣬾ŴҶУЩͷɥĸо
ˣϹܿҲô͸游Ϲȥ绰˻㱨չ֮⣬һ˼ڣɼҶѹǱȽϴġ
үүѵ˵һλʲôĿģϹܿɵҶ˵⣬̲סϹʵ
Ϲһ£ƺеԥаӵӣŻشȷʵһҪԭ򣬵ʱδ͸¶
ϹĻϹܿ治ɵЩʧ䣬ȫȨع˵ȨȴûеõϹĽףֻ˵鵱УֻһõĽɫ
˵ΪϹÿһӵӦ飬ֲ׵ر֧ʹ£ȷʵ˷ӳܶ
ϹܿԼڵش򿪾棬ȴ֪Ļ治ɵЩʧ䡣
Ҫ롣ϹƺµŮ˼̾Ϣ飬棬֮⣬˭Ҳ֪㸸׺岮ȻҲ֪
ŶϹܿˣƺЩƽˡ
ϹεݣȻûбҪ˵ѣȻô˵ˣȷʵǸϵشϹв˵ɣôҲͲҪˡ
ֻǣҶȴĹϵΪ£ԸĻϹҵĻع飬ȻǴһЩϰġ
Ҷ˵ģǴһصڵؿʼչ˶һ˵׷ټأ˵һֱڹעϹҵһһ
ûҶӰĴŵȫ֧֣Ϲܿż˳ع顣
Ҫ˵Ҷˣ𣿡Ϲʵ
ȻᣬȴӸλҼҡϹܿشЩյزҶ׼ɫˣ˭֪СһջҪ֪Ů˺ܶ࣬ҪΪǷ治ˡ
ǺǺǡϹˣʱЦǼҵСȻҲгԱʱ򣬶һϣǺǡ
һϹŷǱ߶ĻȦ涼ӵбȽǿӰܺܶ˶Ϲҵ·ȴҲǵȨƲƸܸȤϹܿΪϹҼΪɫСȻҲǸ׷Ľ㡣
Ҳŷ޵ҶʾȤģϹܿŷǱ߶Ǻġ
ֻû뵽ڵ֮ϹܿɫҶôװõδĴܴ˼Լǲòõģ
ʵϣȴǲ֪ҶĿҪԴڶϸĲһ鷳ѡ
ܹϹҵϵ׶ĻҶͲմӡ
ϾΪҶ˵һϹܿ͵ΪˣǴڵϹ߶飬ƺһ̶ȥˣʱˬˣʱҪĴ۾̫
һҶɻ飬ϾǵҪȽ϶һЩҪǵҶҵ棬ΪСͷҪˬһˬͰϹܿˣô
ڣӰȽϴ󣬹̫ǿһЩϹԼСŮ˵ҶˣȻᣬʵȴǺеߵģ֪ػڸϵҲôģӸλĹԱ˼ܻܶࡣƫƫһʼͱֳ̫Ե̬ҶȻ᲻ˡ
ѵָҸ飿ϹܿȻΪ˼ҵľģҪ˵һԼС˺üĴչ飬滹ǻеȽųġ
ΪҶиԵȵʸ񣬾һܺõˡ
ֶ˵˵߾ߣ˭֪أϹЦˣ¶ԸҶ˵˵˵ģǼһعĿģǺܵҶһԭҸ˷ģӰ쵽֡
ǵģүүϹ֮ܿ˼ƽϡ
ڵõϹ׼ȷ֮ͿֱҶˡ
ҶϹܿķ뿪ʱ򣬾ͷϹܿıһַǳֵ
ҶЩ㵣֪Щʲôѵ˵ôͳеJǹͷˣ
ҶûЩ浢飬صԺ棬˸ʾĳӡ
ȥɡҶԸʾ˵
ŶʾӦһȻ̲סеʵһΪվأû뵽ٵǵֵסɫջ󡣡
쵼ɲҶ˸ʾһۣȻ˵úõؿĳɡ
쵼ɲܵɫջɣʾôţȴû˵ʲôỵ̂ίԺ˹ȥ
߶Ҫ֪ϹܿĳûҶȻ˵ôһ䡣
ǡԱ߶ˣ̾͵ͷӦ
Ҷڹڵ鱨飬ѾСйģˣҪЩ飬ʤࡣ
һϹܿһеĵȤô϶ҲҪͬģϾһɲܿƵ˭Ҳ֪ǻΪʲô
ľ鲿Ҳɽµġ
ֻҶϣˣҪԼ飬ҲǴ˶Լ鱨Ŀ飬Ƿſá
ϹҵҶ˽⻹̫һЩϾѾ뿪ڳʮˣϤһЩˣɢҪõ鱨ϣҲֻмĲŵУܹҵһ۰צļء
Ҷ뵽סڴڵλشʦӦ֪һЩ飬ϧǣʦѾȥˣʲôʱܹö֪
¶ԽԽˣȴ֪ϹĿģʲôأҶת˺üȦҲ²͸Ϲĵơ
ǲô˵òλ֮ǰ߳ƵĴ
Ҫ֪µܹõˣûһǳصİ


944 
ȥ֮һҹ޻
˵ڶһ磬ҶˣǸͮеӡ
Ҳˣڳæµţ
Ҷ¥֮󣬾ͿΧȹ࣬ڳתŪ˼Сˣĥ˶ϣ׼ɶԶ
鵹ǹڿģղҶչȥ˿۵
ضԶϰߣϷвͬɽ߶ǽҪ±ģǽƶˡˡס˿ĩͣһЩԼӵСһƳ±Եʱ±ڶϡ
϶ԵʳӱҲ
ΪԶȽ嵭ͣʳʹһЩʳá
Ҷĳ棬ֹߵǺȫȥʱѾ±ƺˣʱڽӵ̵Ķ棬ľ׽裬ֻҪ״̬±һңĶԶƺˡ
Ҷгһܿ;ͺˡͷҶһۣ˵
ҶӦһӺ濴һ£;ҲƨͦԲգȴһֳζַͮ񣬵ͬˡ
ҶĿƿתȥ˿ڲΣ
һζʱ䣬Ҷڹڶ̬˽ȷʵеˣȦôҪ֪ˣҲǱ߶鶼û˼׼
һڵڲϣҶͿͬ־ҵծ⣬ٽȵȣЩǹսˣûһԲԸӡ
ڲεĺ棬Ҷע⵽һǳҪϢ
鲿֪ͨܲξ鲿нίԱ
˺ίˣҶ֮󣬶ʱΪ֮һϲɫ
ҶҶԣǾֶһĴڣܶǼߵģԼˡ
ǴӦøһˣֱĿǰΪֹûпίԱУ򲹵Ķǡ
Ҫ֪˵ֻõίԱʸ񣬲пܸһ
һ˵ʸ񶼸ίְ͸ʡίҪԱ縱ʡίĸǡʡȣ˾мɲͲˡ
ίԱǸأ򵥵˵ɣһθίʡίĽӰѡҪ۲һϣʱ൱߽ϲ㽨쵼ǵҰУίԱҲǣĲ쵼ûʲôӡ󣬸Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ϣัʡɲҲ̾һ޷ԽĹؿڡ
ڵίʱĻ󻻽죬ѺָȥʽΪίԱʱʸΪ߼쵼ˣ˵ܲĸˣ߳ΪίίԱ
ھȨƿأһֱǸĺҶҲ⡣
ӴʱҶӽϽѾΪıܳҶϵĲǼʱģҶӳϽҲɶ˾ͬǷǳţƵʵȨϣ˶ҶϵȻҲǳҪ
壬ϲ˰Ҷ֪ѾίˡҶ̾Ͱѵ绰˹ȥЦŹϲǴϲ¶ȥҪ͵ġ
ǺǣֻǺ򲹵ĶѣʲôֵôģǼίԱһίʲôЦЦϱ飬ôˣ
ѾȥˣֻǱ߶ľڻ˵Ҷشҿǹ¶з泶ϵΪ˱Ӧͬʱӹ˽ֽУȰƺˣʡõʱ򱻶
зο϶Ҫ׷ģô©¼Ͳܹɱá֮󣬾ͬ
һӣŽ˶Ի
ʱͮҲˡ
óʰһ£ɨüһɫTԵ˱Ƚϰۣͷ򵥵ԺǴŵˮɫţ߷ֿ㣬һĴѧһ
ʵϣͮѧУҲûж೤ʱ䡣
ֻͮƺȽϵһЩȻ˵ȥ̨ǽѧϰȥˣѵõĺûᣬһ뵽Ҫ磬һ˶ȥдƴǻеЩꡣ
ҰˣרȥɻֱУǱ߶ר˽ӻһжźˡҶͮ˵ȵҪ֤ͥʱȥ㣬ڶɽеĴһЩɣȵӽˣ̬ƽϢȻͿԻָˡ
ллҶгûæ治֪ô졣ͮĵرʾ˸лȻЩ̲סĳ嶯Ҷ§壬һ¡
Ҷе⣬Ҳûиеܾ㵡
Ͼͬסһ£ҲһˣͮľˣȻҲһǣ˵ͮǷʲô뷨Ҷȴǹ˲Ͽˡ
һԿţҲеĸо
еĵģϾҶǷͬһСͮǶкøУҲʲôĽϾ˵Ĳ̫һЩ
ҶļûһŵԵӣͮ˼£ҲһȽļ߻˶ѣָ߽Ŵ󻧡
⣬໹ϣܹͮ˼ʵʵдһӣϣܹǱ߶ҵԼĸͬʱҵ
ΣҶĳְæǷǳмģڣӦѾҳһˣԼҲлΪίǵרְ顣
һʼȶԶõӱ
棬˴Ҿ׽Ҳû
˷֮͹ˡ
٣ڸöˣ·ϵ·ǺܺãǵһԷһҶ˵
ţǾӰɣ·ǶЩҶ˵ͷֿͮһۣ˵Ǳ߶ʲôźˣԵסõģӦоУʲôȥǱ߶Ув˳ĵ飬绰߸Ҵ绰С
ͮ˵ͷӦ
ʱ˿̣ǳӣҪ뿪֮ɢɢģе᲻ⶰĶ
Ȼ߶ûסãҶĽӴҲûãȴһַǳĵĸо
ʱҪ뿪ˣһԸ
ܿ죬ͮ˳˿ų뿪˴·Զȥ
ҶվſפҲе󵭶
Ҷгͮ͸㡣ʱóһݸҶ
Ҷ˽ҵĿӣ濴һۣͿһöľƵĻ״ķӦʲôطģľͷ滹ɢһֵ㡣
֮ǰûпеĶʱƳһۣɵð̾˿ǻͮһֱϵֻȥǰƹģһֱţû뵽ȴ͸Ҷ
һݶ˼ȷʵöӿǾܲµóˡ


945 ʯس
ȥһľǣ̸̸ӵ顣Ҷͮ˳ֽĵطȻ˵
Ĺ⣬ҶѾľйֵĹͨʱȻûʲôʡ
ţʵҲ˿ûų
ΪҶѡΪľݵ飬ʵҲǶһֱϾŮڹٳ棬ûЩ׵Ļױ۸ġ
Ϊίǵרְ飬ԺɽҲһȻû˸ҶˣְͨҲԳΪľݵĵϵռҲǳ״ˡ
ֻҪˣˣôԺߵλϣҲɵȻ顣
˵Żһ߳
쵼˾ʾҶ߳̾ӭ
߰ɣȥλҶͷʾ
ǵһȥίϰ࣬Ҷȥίֱ˶¥ǰ칫ҡ
·һ¥ʱҶע⵽һ飬еĴ¾ˣһأæʰ
ô¶úõľôˣҶЩʵ
Ҷгã
Χ˿гˣɵ÷׷ʺãίܹһɲҶ͵ϲ֪ʲô˸ˣöͣ磬ûüʰ
ŶҶ˵ͷûʲô
Ҷ˶¥ȴЩɡ
ί¥ϰģʲôϵӣô򶼸㲻
ͣˣ߶ӦҲбõӦƵģܲһͷײɣֱӦеµġ
ȻȥľǱ߶Ҷཻľǣ˵˸ղ¥¿顣
ˣ¶֪ľˣʱͲ˵˵ί鳤ųȶˣƷ裬һƨɽ¾ˡ
Ȼ顣ҶˣʱеȵųҲǸḻĸɲû뵽ȻӣҲ֪ȥפ칤ǲǺˣ
ľݰҶһۣ˵õһίίί鳤ȥפ򣬻ʲôϴ飬˾۸˵飬ųܸ˵˲Źء
Ȼ治ôƷ裬ʲôݵҲʲôֵ顣
˵ײί¥Ĵ¾żʮǮĶҲ鳤д֣ɣ
鳤ľ黹Ƿḻģֻһʱ֮ЩӦɫתѡľݾ˵ҶгǱ߶ϵϤϵǶɽе棬Ҳܲܡ
ţ黹أˡҶӦ
ʵϣ˵ҲѣؼǶ˭ˣҶĹϵӵӰúܣҾǲ˵һϵҶǱ߶Ļֹ˾ҲкεĺҪӸĿǰõģǺΪѡ
ؼ⻹ڣǸֻΪ˽鳤ų䵽ȥöѣȵȶˣپųİ⡣
ʱ򣬹鳤Ҳֻ˻ȥ˴Эˣµί鳤ڿʼӦúúˡ
Ҷ˿࣬Ȼ˵ļֱӾͿί鳤ôе̫עĿˣϾίӵλ
ί츱Σһټϸ鳤ͷζȵųھǵʹ֮ٿί鳤֮¡
Ǹʱ򣬹ųƢҲĥòƽˣֱӰ߿ӦҲʲô
Ȼˣˣί鳤ѶҲǱȽϴģӣеˣҪʵС
Ҷľ߶˼ӣȻ뿪ˡ
Ȼ˵˵Ĺϵȷʵһ㣬Ҫöɽеĸɲ֪ĻȥϸɲǶۡ
꣬ôģɽнҲûгֹ޵鰡
Ҷصг칫֮󣬾ͿʼĹճ̰š
ûʲô¶ʯص쵼Ҫ㱨쵼ǷʱӼǣʵ
ʯصˣʲô飿Ҷʵ
ӦþˮֲɣܻӴһЩС¶ش
УǹɣҲšҶûжͬˡ
ûãʯصسƽ͹ˡ
ҶгãǷʯصƽƽ̹֮ʺ
س˵ɣСƣس衣Ҷ˵ͷȻʵسһιΪʲô飿
̾͵һ߶ȥݲˣسǵĿˮԺܷ㣬ӲͰѲˮ
ҶгһιΪˮֲص顣ƽػش
ƽʮͷ긻ǿش쵼ɲʵϳֱǨЩˣһʮܹشְɲϣѾǺѵˡ
Ҷ˿ͷ˵ȥ
ʯͦģ鷳Ҳ٣Ϊƹˮֲص飬سƽû¹ʵϣλسλ뷨Ҳиɾͬ־
ˣҲڵˣ˹ĶΧһЩҲвԸг˽ѹȥʱ򣬾Ϳ˷ʯؾֳСɽ²ί쵼Σ֮УɣŽְͣ
ʯصĿȽ٣ǼӹҵҪһЩũ˿ڶ࣬ɽҲ٣ӵȽϴ󡣵Ǵ˸ʯزռơƽҶ˵Ϊ˷չҵ룬ڿˮֲɽֲˮҡΪˮҵļ۸Ƚ׬ͷһɹģֲɹ֮ÿ궼ǳɹ۵ľЧ棬ʯصֲǴƵ롣
ҶͷʾͬΪһɽأܹҵôһĿĻ϶ǷǳѵõģʯصίǺسⷽ滹ǱȽùģҲʵñȽϵλˮֲľѡ񣬴ֲѡ񵽸ɲָЩͶ˴Դ
ǰʱҶֻתʱƽ׿ԼܷʯؽˮֲصĸͶǵ˸ֱ۵˽⡣
˵˵Ѱɣسң϶ֻΪ˵ЩĻҶҲ֪ʶȤֱӾͶƽ˵
ƽˣȴһû뵽гȻôƽ⣬ֱѯˣһλ쵼ɲԣܹôģʵѵõĺܡ
ǻһˣ϶Ǻߺ߹طţڹؼϱ̬ɣ
Ҷгʵʽ棬ԼܹˣҲϵĲˡƽҶЩСĵ˵ֻǣЩܹʱĻʼջǷʯصֲɱȽϴвġ
ŶҶˣһϸ˵


946 Ūί˵
Ҷгʵʽ棬ԼܹˣҲϵĲˡƽҶЩСĵ˵ֻǣЩܹʱĻʼջǷʯصֲɱȽϴвġ
ŶҶˣһϸ˵
ҪǸʢĹ˾ǱǿƽҶ˵
ʢĹ˾˸гѾץ𣿡Ҷüͷѯʵ
ǰ¶ʱ򣬵˽Ҷίȥ鲢ִ֣ѾҶ㱨˵ɿ¶ȻץˣǵͺܽûֱҧĻʹǸĻʹ߿϶ǵһҽʢĹ˾ҵ˵ҵȻǵ齨ģǱȴʡǵĹϵҲûʲô취
Ҷ֪֮󣬾Ҫ˽ȥǵĵϸȷʵڲܱ˭ץ˵
Щ飬Ҷһ˼ɶûУ¡ڶԸΪУοİèģǺڵ׵ҶҲֻ˱һߡ
ȻˣҶгȷʵţƣʶԷıʲôֱӾ͸˶ץˣǻ쵼ٲҪԷıȻȨ׵ʧƽϵġ
ʯص쵼ҶĸоǲģΪ쵼ҶбҪΪǳһЩ谭ʯطչĵһɨ⡣
һԣ쵼էҪľǴЩؼΪֻҪЩ˴ڣͻԵصɺܴвĹԼİȫ⣬ⲻ̸ʲô㾭ý裿
һ룬ʢĹ˾ĿģҲδؾͽըɽȡʯһϣϾٹ·ĿȻҪٵʯȴҲھգðŵ쵼ķգȥָ߷յ顣
Ҫ֪һ˷ĻϵҲж
ҶãʢĹ˾֮ԸôһΪͷţһΪڷʯӦûиҪĺڡ
Ҷõ˽ϲ鷱ʢĹ˾ɣҲǴɱӺ˼
ץˣгǱ߶ѹҲȽϴΪ֤ݲǺȷһЩҪԱѾųˡƽش
ûץоҶ֮ʵ
ܼˣ˵ʱ˶ץоĻǶԷʩѹ϶Ҫͨоֵģ˽ûô׾ͷˣڴҶԸģ˽ѶҶ㱨С
Ҷ֪飬˾ͱŵˣֻ˵˽ԼҲδ֪顣
ûУؾڵ˸гָʾץˡƽ͵ؾֶǺСɽεˣȻСɽְͣˣӰڣԵ˸гǰ뿪ʯأǺžͰ˸ˡ
ᵽ¶ʱƽҲеΣΪϵͳе⣬ȻܹӰ쵽ؾֵһЩ飬ʡӰеʱδؾͻ쵼С
ֳ֮¶ˣҶüͷѯʵû뵽ȻеӣƽĻƺ˵ʯؾֵˣΪʢĹ˾䵱ɡ֮Ľɫ
ûиģ飬ǾȺڷӦֲܶܵǵвеĻ̻̣ôȥڹĿչƽ˵
Ӱ֪ˡҶ֮󣬵˵ͷ
ƽҶķӦƽƽҲ֪ʲô˼ٶ˵ʲô̸˽ڹһЩչ
ʵϣʯسˮֲط˴֮⣬ڿǳｨһҩֲأֻͶʽȽ϶һЩҪһЩƽĿѰʽֵ֧£ҵίũֲ
ǵ˼·ȷġҶ֮󣬾͵ͷͬ
֪ЩҩʺϴģֲЩʺСΧҵũֲʽֲֲ֮Ӧ˵һֹͬ¸;Ҳҩֲҵķչ
ͬһ⣬εطΰһЩظ޳ĻȻˮֲΡ
ûйǸؾ־ֳʲôţĺϣҶһ֮ھ
һЩҲȫ棬ԶƽбЯĹİ棬һЩϡ
ҶӹЩϣһ飬;ƽ˵òЩȷʵܸСɽһЩ鷳Ҫ˵ʲôģδˡ
Ҷַ˷淢һ⣬ڷʯؾķ顣
ʽؾʽڱྯԱˣȥһĽԪȻеˡ
Ȼ˵ϵͳ참һЩĴģǴӴǸɵľЩĽУܶ඼Υġ
飬ȻǴ¶ȴǺܺõһڡ
ţ˵¶ɣͷмί룬ȰѺСɽŪһģؾǱ߶Ӧܸ㶨˰ɣҶǷݶ棬˾
ί飬ʵ쵼ǹõһַǷ⣬ȹϰһģԭĹλÿ϶ûˣڳ֮ôʵһĿȻġ
ܶ˱ûʲô¶Ǽίôһ飬̾ɢˣٳʱѾ˷ǣþ治٣ͽκζѡ
Ȼˣ߱˵ӰǿĻϼֵ飬ֻҪûʲô⣬ڻܹȳģĻӰͲ̫
мίİӣôҲҪ쵼עʡί쵼עпڶʱڵóۣˣͲðˡ
ڵԣʯؾֵĺСɽӦǷʯصطϵĴϻȻ˻ûбִʲô⣬ȴǷʯطչеһϰҶҪ⣬ͱţ÷ʯؾֵĺСɽϵȺףƽڳεʱ䣬ԾͱɽȰѺСɽŪߡ
⣬ʵмίֵԭΪ¶ȽϸӣԭʼҪ˶Ҫһʱģ֤֤ĲʵҲҪһʱģò
ίʡίĲҶӰܴǲΪ˺СɽҶ
ƽҶ߶õԼҪĴ𰸣һӺ󣬾͸뿪ˡ
Ҷ·һЩʡ·ļͿίνҵİţ˵ɽ߶ҲҪһˡ
һΣľǺܴģͬ־ǣͷһծһٽȻ˵ɽⷽⲻȴҲҪʾһԼľĵģҶӦȸľͷоһ顣
쵼绰ʱҶֻ˹
ҶӹֻͨҶгãϹܿ
ϹСãʲô飿Ҷʵ
ҶгһϢǱ߶Ѿ˳ˡϹܿԵúɣҶ˵֮УҲ͸¶һ˿Ժ


947 ץ
ҶгһϢǱ߶Ѿ˳ˡϹܿԵúɣҶ˵֮УҲ͸¶һ˿Ժ
ϹܿȷʵԺʸΪ¶Ҷ˵ҲʮСʱѣٳɻ϶ɹСʱ֮⣬Ҳ˵˵ֻ֮Сʱ󣬾ͱϹҵ˸㶨ˡ
ͺãҪͻҶ֮һĶʱ˵Է
Ϲܿ˵˼䣬΢һµʱ
ʵϣϹŦԼ˶ԣһѶȶûС
ҵλԶݽԬɣֻʮ꣬ǰϹѧ̿ģһ¶֮ѡӷ
ɻ֮ԬɾͷˣΪΪôһ飬÷ɻĵĻϳҶˡ
ֻҪǷɻȻصĻҲǰˣǱ߶Ĺ˾һӣԺ͸ûʲôϵˣԺ˳õǧֽȻ߸˵ȥԼӡ
Ȼ˵ֵ֤ʮ𣬿ǮôܹõֵģԷ˼ҲǾڶʮ棬ϣͨ飬ϳɸѡ
ϾһʱعĻϳҶΣһŶԣǷǳصģǵ׶еǳ֡
ڲ˽Կ֤ͬ¶ֱӹϵϳġ
ԬϵǼҹ˾Ӧ˵ֻһƤ˾ǶԷǮ֮ǰͨר˸Ԭȡϵ˺ܴĴ۲ͨôһ֤¼
Ԭɿ˵ԲֻǮˡ
ϧǣϹܿ¼ʱˣð⳵˾ֱӽԬɸ˲˵Яı֤ػͬʱһʱ䣬ŦԼееһ˽˴ϴһա
Ԭɱͷʱǹƨɵģ˵һС
ҶϹܿĻȻǺܸ˵ģϹҹȻⷽһЩƣ˵ܹΪԼõĻҲǼõġ
磬ҶеĲˣȸ˸绰ģ˵Ѿˣͻ;Уһڻţȡȥ
̫ˣǷˡҶرϢ֮󣬵绰ĳһ
¶ľʧ׿㣬ֻӰͷǳӣķ˱֤ľףǹʾ׵Ļϳҿ϶һƬ̶еģǳء
мڴˣһ϶û˯š
ʱ仹磬ȲɣǵȥˣͷҸ㡣ҶԳ˵
㻹˵и֮ĸеЩ뵡ˡ˹ǷһϣľѾǳƣ
ҶϢǷǳʱģСڲõ˯ˡ
˵֮ҶҲеסĸоǾʹ˸绰мίǶηɣһ¡
ûãηɾ͹ˡ
Ҷгáηɹ֮󣬾Ҷʺá
ãҶöηڴɳϣԼҲԱ߶
裬̡
̿еͬηɿ̺ع֣ͫײɵһ£ȻЦ˵
ع̣ȻǶģֻԱӦֻɫѡҶЦЦ
ǵҪһˡηЦ˵
һϣȻһڣȻζЩͬҲ֪ûȷʵˣǲһĸо
̡η˼ں󣬾۵
Ҷͷ˵
ŶӦһתȥˡ
лҶгˡηɱʾл
ȷʵڲͬóӦĻҶҲó԰ڡ
η̻ܲȥҲعȻ˵еʱȥʡ棬Ҳֻᣬǳ쵼һ̶ѣпֱ˵ĺ¶
ֻǶηɵ棬ʵҲǷǳӵģǰĺĹϵʵǺܺҶ̫ǿƣЩܵ˺ܴѹټеСӱĺգҲھ͸ĺ
ΪмίǣηɺʡίҶ̬ȣǼֱǼҺԺ
Ҫ˵ʡίҪ쵼Ҷ̬ȣǸмӣ˵ֱڣҶϻŸٹ·Ŀ쵼Сĸ鳤ְһֻиʡ쵼ʸεһְ
ʵϣηɲԸĺһȥҶԣôûʲôô
ֻҲҶȻҹ˵ʲô˼
ŽӵӳʯؾֵĺСɽͬ־ĶࡣҶԼҲһ̣ˣڡ
ûʲô񫣬еʱֻӦѣĻ㲻ȥЩֵֹĸоָͬﵥദʱ
Ҷг˼أηѯʵ
еҶ˼ʵϹڸɲǵľٱţмίÿ춼Ҫӵܶ࣬һⲻֱӾԹˣЩصĲŻȻ󿴿Ҫ쵼˼پǷȥ
ĿǰԣһԾýΪǰᣬеⲻǺصģ϶ǵ͵ˣ˵̸֯㾯ʲôġ
Ȼˣ˵ԷģҪ쵼ĴͷĻͲͬˣһС⣬ҲᱻŴġ
ίʵϾһǳǿĵͬĹߣҪʱǻᱬ޴
Ҷᵽ˷ʯؾֺСɽ飬ȻûԭģֻǶηɲ˼ҪŹأҪץ
ʯص쵼ӣںСɽͬ־Ҳܴ󣬶ҿϣʯؾھȴǴһЩҶԶη˵ҵ˼ǣȰŪί顣
ηˣ̾Ҷ˼ˡ
ֻһشɲĵ⣬мί߶˵ģ¶Ӧò鷳ֻǶηҲ˵ƺСɽڷʯܹôǿƣʡĹϵҲѲġ
ԣСɽʲô⣬ںСɽǷӦء
ЩͲڶηɵĿ֮ˣί£ֻҪ֤ݣҪ쵼ûʲôѹʲô⣬ȫƵҶͷȥ
ȻҶг˼ôмίհˡηɺʹشӦ
ʱмί˾͸ϵ˷ʯأֱӽ濪ؾ־ֳСɽˡ
˵ʱСɽ̬ȺţҪǹ򣬵мίҲǳصģһ̬ȣʱȻŭֱӾͰǹˣһ٣ȻŰߡ
ؾֵļλְȴе뷨ˣ˶ؾֵ֪ͨһ˶ʮλвɲĹ
Ǹ˶óʯҪؾֶˣһκСɽߣҲ׶༪١


948 
϶ôѷʯصĺСɽץˣ绰УĺЩõʵ
Ҫ쵼˼һкܶ෽ʯؾҵ֤ݣܲ顣ηɻش
Ҷ˼ĺˣʵ
ľݸոɽУܲ˼ĺ뵽ҶҶҲû˵Ҫ쵼ĳƺˡ
šηɵͷˡ
ʵ飬мίĹϵҶҪмίץ˵Ļηɲܶ¶
ĺУԵЩ򵥴ˡ
ηӦǸһģʱγɵѹϵϴκģǶηô͸Ҷߵһܲĺеǡ
СɽӦûʲôɣǸ˽⣬СëУǴͲܡмί棬ûʲô⣬ͷ˰ɡĺԶη˵
ô׵ģҶгءηһңʲô¶ǺСɽƫƫڷʯظɲǵǰмίĹԱǹôһû¶Ҳɴ¶ˡ
ĺˣҲɵЩȻβ˵ģ
мί֣ǾǴ̬ȣСɽʵʵӰҲˣȻ㣬ƫƫΪԼţƵòˣȻ˼Ұǹôһʿɾͱˡ
Ƕηû˼Ǿ참ĹԱô׷Ź
˵Сɽȷʵ⣬ûʲô⣬˼Ҳܸ
ηôһ˵ĺҲЩˣ˵Сɽû⣬Ҫмίĵأôһ㣬˾йȻǹˣ
֮϶㵣ŵɣһСɽ¶ʯؿܻᵹһĺԶη˵
˵绰֮󣬶ηɾͰĺǸ¶Ӹˡ
ȻηɲĺСɽʲôϵǺȻĺΪСɽͷˣôأ
ηɿһӣҲûĥʲô
ڵǺˣҶûʲôôĺԽԽˣηɲϣһ
ҪôĻΪĺڻңûκκô
ʵϣмί߷ʯؾֺСɽ飬ɽ滹һ˿ġ
ίˣʼйע顣
ԣһɲ飬ʲô¶ɽеشɲǧˣ˭ҲϾȥ˼һСسǵľֳˡ
ɵӰȴǺܴģΪҶһζмίľ⣬ҲһźţȷرмίĶηɿʼҶ£ˡ
ˣĺҲôš
ӿ֮ʣҶȴϹܿ緹
ɽеĴ󷹵겻٣ܹζмңȻ˵ɽɽǣǴ൱ɽеıزͬǳҶѡζӾƵ꣬ǵǸμӹʳģһù൱ߵʡ
ϹСԹڵʳ˽٣֮Ҷʵ
УΪүүԵʣмλвʹʦϹܿһ򵥵ĵɫȹһʯͷɢڼͷ棬һˬо
ֻҶ㿴һ۹ȥܹϹܿɢǿƣӵܣһЩŮ
ҶѲ˵˹ȥϹܿ˿˳־͵˼
УԴͳĻǱȽ˽⡣Ҷ˿󣬾Ц˵
ʵϣүүûҪںһӡϹܿҶ۾˵ԣӵǣ˫ؽġȻˣҲųкܶ˲ˡ
Ҷͷ֪Ϲܿ˵ʵ顣
ںˣϻعˣǺܶ࣬һЩҪԽҵ֮⣬󲿷˶ͬ
ϲ˺ܿ죬ʱƵϰŴϲˡ
ҶгãζӵϰѦ壬λǵϰ幪Ҷ˵
ѦϰˣԸѣòôҶѦ֣Ц˵
ѦϰҶһŻԱԼ˵֣ͽ˼ͺˡ
ʵϣҶϾԷǰҲϵģϾǸ쵼Ϲϵĺûᡣ
ڵĹԱȻܳ㡣Ѧ뿪֮ϹܿЦ˵
ȻģٱλҶҲϹܿ΢ἥֻûˣ˾ƱϹܿ˵ⱭҾ㣬ҵĴæ
ڳ飬ȷʵǹϵش󣬴ʱϹܿѾŶ˷ɻȵǻȻûʲôˣ¶Բ
֮ͶѡϹܿǷǳ֪ʶȤˣӹ԰ʲô¶ǲģֻ˷УƵŻ˼档
ҶƺˣȻ˵ǼҵǼ飬߶ûģЩ˶ǵĻعֻ̬ȣΪдı
ѾүүͨˡϹܿɫ˵棬ûʲôıǸЩϵֻڲ˵
ҶˣʱЩ죬֪Ϲô˵ʲô˼
˵ϹҲһˣ˵ѣôĻʵ̫ʧˣǸǸ̫ͬģͬʱǰϽζλЩСආȫͬģˣʲôġ
оǣǴӦʮԪͶʣҲأͶʲôطȽϺһЩϹܿҶ
һᵽ棬ʮԪͶʵ˵ģͬʱԮѧУ飬¶ϹܿһֱģʱɵҪҶһʵҲǿʲôʲôرİţ
ϾôһͶʣŵﶼ˲ֲٵġ
ǺǣͷаɡҶˣЦ
ʵϣʮԪͶʣǷڱ𴦣ֲӦеļֵΪĸ￪ŵ½㣬ɾһͶʵĺȥֽܹͶʸĵ
ҶΪӣȻûɲҶƽܵʽ׵ĺô
ãǾô˵ˡϹ֮ܿҲĲ١
ҶûǮڻĽҰĵطôһǮͶĵطرҲǷǳġ
Ϲܿоڵ֪кܴķչᣬǸͶʵĺõط
һӣһˣȴǱ
Ȼ˵ʽܼ򵥣ȴŪñȽϱ£Ϲϵһͷھ߶̴ֺǺǵģԱ߶һףʢ˶Χ˵ذֻϹϵɵˮͰȴǵ豭ʹõġ
˼Ϲ֮ܿ󣬲ɵչüһЦȻǺͳʦ˼
ҵԳҶĲˣҲͷʾ
еʱ򣬳Էһû⣬Ųʽ£ζҲܶһĴԣʳǹغһ¡


949 ײһ
Ů˧һԷȻ
λǲǮǾ͸û
С㣬ĵ绰Ϲܿı˽ֻ˹
Ϲܿӵ֮˼ӵӣŹ˵绰
ҶȻϹܿǴŶģ㲻ʲôݣϹܿż֮⣬ûıʾ޴Ӳ²еݡ
ҵִһЩ飬Ȥһ𣿡ϹܿһͷͷҶ
ԸꡣҶͷش
Ȼ֪ϹܿҪ˵ʲôǴմӵĻӦǹڶʮԪ֤飬¶ҶȻҪһˡ
Ԭɱǵӳȥ֮󣬺ܿͱһҽJOPĹ˾ˡϹܿҶ˵ǵ˽JOP˾ı֮ͷ֣ҹ˾ճãϰǲǰǹڵһУ٣۵áȻǻ֣Ԭɰ飬пܾǲָʹģΪԬ˺һǮJOP˾תȥġ·֮ҲǱǹ˾ߡ
ǲҶ֮󣬶ʱͻȻˡ
ԭ飬Ȼϳ¼ҵģѹֻԳĹ˾¶ˣһ˻ûôĵӡ
ǲʮ꣬ԭǾеĿ췴ӵһУǰ;Զ֮ǰͻȻ˾ְͻȻˡ
ʱҶûע⣬Ǳ߶飬ͷǲȻǳ½˽ӣһֱصúϳ¼ҲûеȨȥһֱûзĴڡ
һڿдɱҶǲ˸顣
ڣǲ뿪֮ϳ¼ھе϶ҲûҶצӣȴһʽӽҶսˡ
һαֵĻϳҺҶҶһܴΣ
ʶϹܿǺ֡
ҵһңû뵽Ȼȥָ飬ʣġҶ˵ͷ
ȻûиϹܿ˵ʵǶǲ϶ǱȽϻ޵ġ
ҪҪϹܿ˿ںƣȻʵܷ顣
ҶһۣϹܿɱˣԸʱ̸ֻܹҡҡͷ󷽱㡣
ϹܿЩɻ˵һһ£ֱɱ˵Ļ˵ķˣòʧ
Ȼ˵ǲֻϳ¼ҳ½˽ӣϳ¼ҵĵȫûûϣ£ԽΪǲɾͳΪϳ¼еϣС
ҶĶɱǲôϳ¼ҵ˶ŭʧȥϣĴıԲС
Ȼ˵ҶԸǣҪһҲ˵ķѶԴǸľ裬ͻ˾ͷƤ顣
һ£еĴ嶼Ҷ˷֮ģ㣬ų㣬ֺһ־̳ڼȥĴŶԣǿǰѡ
ԣҶȻǲ޵ȴҲðհɵǵĻķ粨鷳
ǵٶľǹ˼̫ˣǣ𣬶򵥣ϹܿҶĻȻܹ뵽һЩɵƲƲ
ǺǣȨĴСԵģٴȨҲһԼĻϵӡҶϹܿĻûֻЦǺǵؽԼĿԡ
ǲôϹܿһεĽҶԣǷǳҪģ֪ȥ˼ƽϡ
Ȼ˵ܸǲĻᣬѪ޹ġ
ʵϣϳ¼ҵҲСǱ߶ľӪȽ磬ƳJOP˾֮⣬ӦûкܶͶʣҪǣҲô׵顣
һٷǳԵúܿ֡
ϸ˵Ϲܿһʱ򣬱޸ɹˡ
ҶųͬŮһϹܿȴһֺܹŹֵĸоԼҲ㲻һϹܿ
ǸԼϰٰջŮǲأ
飬ǻĺ˵
˳˷ҪŶʱȴˡ
ľǺáҶŶ߹λʱ¶˵ĿЦ˵ôأ
ҶгãԷľݵɫ糣ЦӯӯģֻǳϹܿ棬е죬֪ĥʲô
Ҷгáһʺõȴǳг÷Ů˿ҶϹܿУҲеɣȻڲ²֮Ĺϵ
ľݵȴǱȽϵ͵ֻãͲˡ
λŷ޵ĿˣϹܿҸ룬ǶɽпͶʻġҶָָϹܿΪǽܵϹСڶɽԮʮѧǼƾٰ
ľ⻰ȴǲҵˡ
Ҷ߰Ůˣζ۹ǶĹͶ̣ǴкⱳģͲܹˡ
ľݸϹ֣ܿʾл⣬ͬʱ룬ѵкɽΪίǣϹСգҲҾһµ֮ꡣ
ľǿˣڶɽлͣһӣлľ̡ϹܿЦŻش
Ҷ˽÷һۣ˵Ůôľݻ쵽һˣ
гίǻ쵽һȷʵҲϾǶǳίˣҲ±˵໥
÷ҶĿԼľݵתƣ֪ĥʲôǾ˵ҺľУѣԵ죬һˣһԸϧҶгǴˣҪȻǿƴһ
ǺǣŽѦϰ巢ƣҶѡطҶҪѦԼĻԱóõģתһûбҪˡ
ľίǣ÷ǳгλǶɽеĴѦôܲźţ
ǽʳ¯ί飬Ҳǿġ
ţһˡҶľݵ˵ͷ۾ȻϹܿһ뿪ζӡ
λľǳúƯϹܿ˵ôƯίǣǵһοҿҲᡣ
ţոʮɡҶһ
λľǣϤӣϹܿ˵һȴǱʡ
ΪʲôôأҶʵ
Ϊʱһֵϲܲ˵ûʲôϵɣϹܿͷ˵ǵĹٳУίǸгӦǾ֣ϵܺǢġԣҾ֮䣬ЩŹ֡
ҶϹܿĻȴе裬Ϲܹܿóľ֮ƺе⣬ôأ
ܹܲѱ˶ɵӣΪǿ͸Լľ֮Ĺϵ
¶Ӧöעһ²еġ


950 Ѱȥ
ҶϹܿĻȴе裬Ϲܹܿóľ֮ƺе⣬ôأ
ܹܲѱ˶ɵӣΪǿ͸Լľ֮Ĺϵ
¶Ӧöעһ²еġ
ɱŮʦҶţЩõضϹܿ˵һ䡣
ǲץסʹˣϹܿȴҶĶ˵ô֪ɱ־Ͳʦˣʵϣɱ֣Ҫȥѡѧġ
ļٵģҶЩȻطʵ
¶мֿԣϾڹ⣬ɱҲһְҵҪרҵܵΣĻôĿ꣬ȫԼþ׷ٵ˿أЩǼ
žˡϹܿһ
˳ȥ֮󣬾͸ɢȥˡ
Ҷػص˰칫׼Ϣһӡ
ʱ͹ˣһʰ䣬ˮʲôġ
ʵϣҶרְ壬ǴɨʰЩר˸ģֻΪڿ죬ڹ֮࣬ϲɵ飬ԴҶҲֹɵġ
Сڣ
Ҷһ˳ϴ˸Ȼ˰칫ǰ档
ʲôţҶ
ʡũҵҪһ飬ҪȥӴһ¡Ҫȥοһ£ϾͰһ˵
ţũҵҶ˵ͷũҵ棬ûдʲô
ǰǵʱЩֲܣ˶ɽегȴҪڸ涼һץˡ
ԷʲôģҶһ
һѲԱͷɣмش
Էﵹûʲô˵ģʵһ£ݶԵԭигӴҲͿˣֻһũҵǴⷽԶɽеĳչԵķģܻܿһʽͶ롣
ԣ쵼ǾӦóҶгԳӴֳܹ㹻ء
ϾǴҸģʽԵģҪõ˼ҵĺô͵ø㹻ĳ
δؾʸǮȥ򣬿ǶԶɽе˲ȥ֮˵ЩڶɽеĻҲ¶ˡ
ţӴͰζӰɣҸոһ£Ǳ߶ĻǲġҶһ£Ͷ˵
õġӦȻȥζӵϰԬɴ绰
Ԭɽӵĵ绰֮Ȼϲ⡣
ģһýӴ쵼ҡԬ֤
ҵˣ϶Ҫõ֧֣ܹǿģûйͷڳţƵͲ
ڵͨ˵ˮƽ൱͵ģסõĶˣҪ˵סζִƵҲЩܹԺȵ쵼ǣǵĴ
ԬɸеģҶֻ߶һٷһԼǮȴôͰ˵߶ס޲ˡ
ҵҲмˣ֪Щطϵ쵼ǣθһ򶼴úܣǴǵմ⣬ô󷽵չ˵ģҶ˾٣ȷʵǳȡ
Ҷڰ칫һӣ߳¥תƣ칫߶߶һǸҼ棬죬һҲǿԼЩǣûз
棬ǱȽصģ쵼ץòΣôÿʱ䣬칫ܹסĹԱ֮һ
ߵʱ򣬾ͿһȺΧһ𣬲֪ʲô
Ǵ
ôûĺ¶
˼飬Ǯô׬ģ
ˣܴ̼
һְͨԱôôǮ
˼ҹ˾Ƚɡ
ҿ֪ء
һǰϢˣ֪ǲѾҵˡ

̸۵÷ǳңҶߵûз
ҶҲû֨˹ȥִһ˵ļϣ˵ʲô
ΧһźӶڿһϢ
ϢʵҲܼ򵥣࣬дúϾ˵ĳλŮʿ˰һȮʧˣŮʿǳģϣʿѰʧİȮͻء
ϢȻǺͨˣؼڶԷһĹλ˵飬ң˵ľǣͷ棬λŮʿṩλĲλһΪƷ
ǧƽ׵ıֵҪǧˣ
ѹ˶ĹˣϢȷʵͦ˵ġ
ϣãϢֱȽͺĻư칫ǣҪϸȥѰˡ

ʱ򣬺Ȼ˾㵵ŴͣŶ档
ôˣ
˾
Ǹģָ˵֮˵һľ㵣ȴ˵
˻ͷһͷиһַֻļͷ棬ɵһŤӣҪѶԷϸʱȴǳһ
ҶҶҶгͰ͵ؼ˵ɻ
ôҲû뵽ҶгͻȻڰ칫棬ƺ§ļѾ߶ˡ
Ҷг
һӣ칫˶ʱըˣ
ʵƽʱҹʱ䣬ҲǺ飬Ͼ칫ңҲδؾʱʱæµ֮еġ
ôģؾһ۸޹ص飬ֱг˸ţôҵ治̤ʵˣҲ֪Ҷг᲻˶ȻŭĴ֣
뵽ֿԣҵ涼ЩսľģΨԼͳҶһҪִĶ
û¶ú¡Ҷ״ûзŭЦ˵ļȻ˵ϰʱ̸ЩǲõģʵżĸҲʲô¶ҪȻһҲûУ첻ܵûɶ¶Ҿ͸Թȥɡ
ʶҪűַֽһ£ȻЦ˵˵ǶˣϢҲİҪϢеͺһǣȥѰأֵǧı˭ϲ
ǺǺǡ
ҶĻʱЦ
Ҷг˲٣ܹгһλߵϣһеµġ
Ҷһɽõ˳гֵܵĴֽί鳤ųһߵ˾ȥ׿ӶֶԷʯǱ߶ɱ䣬Щٶ˵ҶгɲǸͨˡ
ղŴҶҶⷢӣҪڰ칫ˣǿûΪִң˵滹һ
ҶгǱȽͨġ
أôΧһ𣬾еˡҶ˵ҹ㿴ҲνˣҪ˿ˣʲôû˵ǣԣƽʱҪעһģ˵ʬλزͣҵ
ǣҶг˵ǡ˷׷׵ͷӦǣ˵ҶгȻû׷ҵΣܻЩõģǵעһˡ
Ҷгȥһũҵļˡʱ˹Ҷ˵


951 ߱˴
Ҷȥũҵļʱ򣬴Ÿг鳤ɽԼļʲôģεĳίг˽ѽӵ绰ʱҲܹǸ˼ӡ
ũҵļ鳤һλţɽĸѲԱеƫ󣬿ʮˣϼԱģȽ棬˵ǺöԸ
ĴʲôģЩҶ֮󣬻еȵģûмôʵְɲ֪λǡ
ǶڶɽзĽӴţǸеȽġ
ϾһĹӴȣɽиǰζӾƵ߶ǳӴˣ˳סǳģҲûɸʲô˲
ҶǱϾһӣҲ󲿷ֵĸɲǶ˵飬˲ᵽ˵ʰİʱֶ
Ǻǣǳˣֵ𡣡ҶԴ˵ǺܵȻˣЩСȻ˼˵ҹעĻ϶ϵĸɲµĸɲ˶ɽԺſʼעġ
ʵҲˣҶĶһֱڵģֻǻ˸ѡ
ҪѾ򾭼ý͸ɲ齨תˡ
Ҷгôһ٣еĳлǺ˺ܶģܶ˶߶ŵǸемίҶءţɽҶȻЩζǶҶһЩ飬Ƿǳ͵ġ
ΪʮĸɲţɽϵһЩʹģ˾ѧģΪǱȽֱ˶ڵҶķֶκɨжһ޳ɡ
һӣͲ֪˭˵ǱѰ顣
ֵǧıѰ˲ͨǮġ˾͸п
ţɽвͬĿȻǵĶһЩҳ̵飬ֹҲ棬ȷʵ˸еܲġⲻǵڸߴңֻҪǮʲôýûһµߣҪδݱ䣿
˼ǮһλһЩĴ˵ţֲǲ֪Ӫѣȫҵ֧ģ飬ʵǰٰ㻶ӭģôһĹ棬ǵ൱ɹۣûɾ֮⡣
Ҷ΢ЦſԼۣʵϣĿҲǱȽϸӵġ
ҶгΣţɽҶһԲ廰ЩȤѯʵ
ô˵ءҶҲûоܾ̬ӱ÷չһ̶֮ȸһȺˣȷʵ˴ĲƸ֮ȣĻķչЩˣ˲Ƹٶ࣬ϲȥȻ˱ĸо˱ӡ飬ֻǺҵ飬ƫƫͨýȾôʵĺǹ˺ͱֽ涼ܹԤϵõģȻôˣǷʲôĿģͺ˵ˡ
Ҷг˵е˵˺üǶǵѰˡλһЩĴˣʱǰһ
Ҷ˵ĺЩ鱾Ϊһ飬һΪЧӦһҲúܶ˿˹ľ޴
ֻҪͶ룬ܹ벻Ч
Щʱ㿴δؾʵģѰı󣬾ʲôǷʵʲôҶһ֪ǶλĵıҲ֪ǷءҶ˵ǲô˵Чȷʵԣ˵տֽʱҶҪȥѰء
ǺǺǺǡˣʱЦ
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ЦôҲĹԱȭķ⽮Сֵǧı߶ԱǶҶûдô
ȻˣҪǻֽĻûж˵סջ
Ҷ߶˲һСʱӣǸӣľͲμˣигǳС
ϣǱ߶һأʱίľҲҪȥģг÷ҲϯϾҲǷǳҪ飬Ҫ쵼Ƕ¶档
˽Ҳ˳Ҷĺ档
ϵôҲôżҶˣͣʵ
˵ϵľûʲôĳίǶҪμ˽ѻش
ҶĶͷ˵ڵ˽Ҳǳί֮ˡ
˵һγί˵֮󣬱仯ͦģίľݡгҶίĺг÷ίǶηɡּ֯ġί鳤ų塢˾ȫ塢ίг˽ѣʮһλί
ֵעǣԭλгίͳսٽְܱ֮λǿеģίҲת˸г˽ѵͷϣǲԺô㣬ڴҶ
һ㣬鳤ųѾȥ˾ˣԺίĻǾͱʮίˣʵͶƱǲģΪܻɶ԰뿪Ľ
ΪûбֳֺԴҾͶѡԵغˣԺ⣬Ժ˵νɡ
ʵϣҪί飬ûô࣬Ҫһ飬ûôࡣ
ϵˣǸʯص飬ûʲôչҶʵ
֮ܲУǣе󣬷ʯصطҲмɲˡ˽ѵ˵˵ǼҷʢĹ˾ĺ̨ʡһλ鳤ǲһλǣֵһЩ쵼ӵǣڣҲֻܴӷʢĹ˾ʼ𡣡
ţżҪ׼Ҷ֮Ͷ˵ȨץǵģֻҪ䣬ȻͻҪǵĵϸΪʲôҪֹˮֲĿըɽȡʯĻûбҪô
Ҷг˵ǣʯɽ߶һʲôֵΪֵ֮ĵط˽Ҳ˵ҲʼԷʯ߶ţ˳ҷʢĹ˾ľӪ·֣ƹЩջˡ
ţˡҶĵ˽ѵļ򣬶˵ͬ־עⰲȫСһЩ
һҶгĹػͬ־Ǵ˽ЦŻش
˵Żأ˽ѵĵ绰ˡ
ţǵ˽ѡ˽ѽ˵绰һ
ţ绰˼ٵĻ˽ѵɫʱͱЩѿ
ʲôôᷢ飿˽ѵҲЩˣСһЩ֪ˣСʱҸϹȥ
˵绰֮󣬵˽ѾЩƵضҶ˵Ҷгȥ鷱ʢĹ˾İ߶˸ˣҹȥһ¾¶˰
ʲôҶˣҲе⡣
û뵽Щ˵ĵӵǺܴİ߶ҳִˡ
ʢĹ˾飬иεĻģ򲻿ôš
ţԼҲСһЩ˹ȥҵķʯؾǱ߶ǿסģҪо߶ʹҶԵ˽˵
ҾˣϵĻͲμˡ˽ѼҪȥ飬Ҷ˵һ
ţҶپˡҶͷ˵˽ѣȴЩû뵽ʯص⣬ȽϸӰ


952 ο
˽֮Ҷֻ˰칫Ҵһӡ
ӵʱľݸ绰Լȥμӵ
˸гȥҶľ˵Ǳ߶˼¶ʱϹȥˣҪæһӡ
ĺҲˣ˵θַˡľ˵
ĺθҶЩֻ֣ǾǰԷʱĺȾƺ͵ģθɵЩġ
ĺȥʵ޹شֻ֣Ҫλľͷмλί٣˾ȫУҲͺˣν
Ȼʱ򣬾ίԺ漯ϣȻʮӣټľ·ӳԱοƷƺƵפسˡ
Сʱ֮󣬾͵˸ɽϵľ档
˾ȫڴſڴӭˣҲǱҪĿס
ͬȫһģоʮλ٣δУУУӦöսѣ⣬ʮŮ룬ԵӢˬп㡣
ĴſϣҲ˺ɫĺӭί쵼ʲôĻһͷѾ˽գвʴеʲôģŪ÷ǳ¡ء
ӭӭľǺãҶгãλáľݺҶ³ȫʹӭȥ֣ʺ
˾ˣӵǶɽеһᴫͳϾǰһˣͬ־һЩοƷǶӵܱǵĽףˡľ΢Ц˵
ľǰе˺üгӵ֮ĻȻϤòϤˣȻ
ҶǵһβμĻҲûмģٹڶεľμӹȻ᷸ɵ
ҶЦеؽľ֮󣬸Ĺٱ⣬Ǳʾףء
ΪļʱȽϳڲһҪ˵ԷƺһЩԾͰһЩôҲμӡ
˵ʵʲôģйۿӪֻ֮ŵúܵ
ӪʲôģҶϡˣʵеȤǺŨġ
ϧǺ͵˸гûйǹĺֶȫᵽʱ򣬲ɵЩźˡ
ĺǰǵģЩǹĻܶ࣬ӵҲǳ˹ӦǹΪ٣˵˽ѣǾϵͳģҲһսǹͬҲ
ȻˣǸЩıȻһĲģΪ˼ҿ춼ǹˡ
˾͵˰г棬߶ûʲô̾İӣĶһ׵ġ
ľݺͽ÷Ȥʵ󣬴Ҳ߸ѣ巢ӵȥ֮󣬾͵һϢȥˣҲʲôɼƶˡ
еǵ²ģǳɼҲѣǶηɡּĺλǹȥǹǹϰУܹɳһ߰˻ĳɼ
Ա߶սʿǾ庰ãⶼЩˣܲǵˮ׼ҪЩ쵼ǣϾ˼ҲǸģһרοƷġ
Ҷûϳڸһѯƽʱ⣬ȷ˵ڳסʲôѵȵȡ
ʵЩȻЩ׻Ϊίίȫ͸˺ܶ飬˾߶ǱȽϲġ
λУٿȥ࣬ȴʱش𣬾һҶеЦҲ֪Ļǣ϶ӣڸӪУǻ϶бˡ
һߵλĻ󲿷˻ǱȽ̤ʵġ
ҶڴУҶгҲȫЦŶҶ˵
ҶûϳδЩźҪ̨֪ļǣͿųǹʲôģһԸдء
ʱ棬Ҷгˣеźˣ
ǺǣֻǰǹֳǹûҪˡҶЦ˵
û¶ȫЦŹĶʵǹֶӵѳģͺõУǲడǾҲӣ͵ʡȥˣ
ᵽ¶ȫ岻ɵЩƣ˵ʵڻȻҲбӣǱϾȨߣеʱ˲ӣͷͿúܽһз־Ͱ˸ˣƫƫûеطȥ˵
Ǻǣ⵹Ҳǣûгڵѵǹ飬Ҷ֪һЩģΪȫֱٰʵҲǴھһЩ츳õǹ֣Ȼ󲹳䵽ֲȥ
ǣǹ϶һеٮٮߣǵǹδؾǶģֲǸҪģΪӹЩоҪٵĽвһЩǹսĻ١
ʢȴҶջλϡ
Ҷг˰
ҶһΧΧ˺üλڣίľݺͳг÷ˣеζ
һҲȻģϾ˼гһˣͬľݺͽ÷Ȥ϶Ҫܶġ
Ҷĵһǹòôǿ˰ӣ˱߶ϡ
ãҶгͣԱ߶˹Ƶ
ûмſڶǹҶĬĬһλã֪ǹ϶йŹֵģԾ΢ǹͰ֮΢
ڶǹĽ֮󣬾ͺöˣȻ˾Żĺóɼ
žžž
Ա߶Ƶ˾͸ˣľݵɫԵú˷ܣֶĺˡ
÷Ҳе죬û뵽Ҷǹ͵˵ѵϹèˣ
Ҷǹ֮󣬾֪ǹˣеİո󣬽ǹȻǹǹʮ棬ǹλöúܽͲͬһˡ
Ҷг㻹˵ûǹǹ˲ðȫ˿˾ˡ
˵ҶǾ˵Ļ˵һЩܹɼ˲٣һгֲ󣬾ȻҲܹĳɼͲܲ˸еԾ
ǶǾˣȻ֪Ҷǰǹֻ̽ǹʵˮ׼
ǹ֧ǵУõĻǰǹĳɼҲȥ
ȻҶȥĻɼԽԽõġ
þգþաҶȴǲˣЦǺǵվϣߵԱ߶ɡϢ
˾ȫ˹ЦŶҶ˵ҶгǹɲǸǵģӦİɣǴǹܴˮƽġ
ǹͲǹȫֲͬĸоȫʲôˣǹֶˣȻ֪еҲҶûǹ
ûȻڲϣǰѧҲлӪǰһӸ˴ģһǹûʲôǹĻˡҶ˵⻰˸лϰֱԵ飬л
һαʦ˵ģԼõ˫޵飬һʱҲõˡ


953 
ľݵЩؿҶ˵λҶгȫ͵˲ŰƺʲôѲ
ȵŮǻһ£ܻ㺹죬þͶԸ⶯ˣɡ
ľǣҪһ顣÷Ȼľ˵
Ŷίŵ鲻𣿡ľЩʵ
ѹֽ÷ʱ򣬲ûУƺǶ鲻ˡ
ǰְʱҵõú˳֣һôæûüѹϵ÷ͽ͵û뵽ίĶô죬ֱӸҰһ顣
Ҳð졣ľݵо飬ֱӾ˵Ҳֻһ飬רְóˣڵĿרҲ
õģôɡ÷ˣǾľݵĻе̾͵ͷͬˡ
飬ǵôί˵һһ顣ľݻͷͶ˵
õģҼסˡ˵ͷ̴Ӧ
÷֮Цűʾ˸л
ûмӣ÷ᵽһ飬ľǣǵĳί棬˵ʮһλίų鳤ȥ˾ǣʣʮλˣеġ
ľݵ˵ͷҲ֪¶ȷʵе⣬Ϲ
ֻҶ澿ôģڻǺҲûʱϸһ£ֻǱֳĬˣҲֻѺ˵
ͷ˵ɣҪʼˡľݶԽ÷˵
÷˵ͷȴǺ⣬óľӴ£ҲһЩǡ
ϧ˼ľίǣȻɲίǲǴ೤гҲֻľݵľˡ
ȻͿʼˣ쵼Ƕ֮󣬾Ϳǵ˱ݽĿʲôġ
ľͬҶһģպ΢ֿһЩ
ᣬΧţõ˻ǵ̸ݣľݾʹչҶ̸飬ί飬㿴ô죿
õģһɲγίгȻʡһͳս볣ίίʮˡ˵ų壬ȡλþˣھǻʡǸһλϾˡҶСش
˵ʵڻҶھҪųһ߿ֻһְҲֻܴǿǵɽеĸɲǻбȽصĵִԲŻİš
һίгľ֮󣬻еȵģǺҶΪʲôҪô
Ȼ˵Ҷƽ£һˣ϶ҶҵҶģҶҵأҲδطҪеҶƽǱ߶ͬǳҪɲ
ţĸɲί׳нĶһʮͷɣҪꡣҶش
ŶӦòҶҵ˰ɣľ룬һôҲҶҵˡ
ϾһţƣҲھί׳ռôĻҲ̫ˣ˭۵ġ
ʵϣҶѾǵ΢ʣֻ˼ȷʵҲˣѾռλγʵϵƣ˿ҲֻĽʺ޶ѣȴûʲô˼
ҪҲУҪͺѽˡ
ڸ߲λҲֻǾ֮󣬻ʱƽϡ
ʱȴǶҶҵġ
ĶӣȻǼҵˣҪӦҲǽͬ־档ҶشۣԸΪôһȥޣҲҪȥҲ̫̭ˡԣֻҸ֮һѡ
Ŷԭˡľһ£׹ô¶
һȻнĶӣнոλãίĸ׳֮λûأȻΪôһС¶ԼͷҾطкܴĲͬ˫ĽӴҲܲͬܶ˶һĵϸ
ңǱ߶θɲǸɲôҲþҶƽͷеģȥƲҶһؿڵġ
ȥб˳棬治Ҷ÷һЩ
ϣֹӸ˶ɽ֮󣬲̫ѶԸɡľݶЩӸǻǱȽϵִģΪǸ㽨δغܳڣƻʹˡ
ӦòڡҶЦ˲ҽ̲ˡ
һҶ˽ˣȻ֪ʲôӣһֱ࣬ȽȻеģǲϲͷ¶԰ԼõúõĻǸ
ңһŪҲнͷ˼вҶտЯ뷨ͱһܹίȦӣⱾһֺܴչˡ
ίίĸгͲίίĸгкܴĲġ
ںܶʱֲಢʱֲܹġ
ԣⷽȻ︸ȻóҶ֣Ͼ˼ҶģҪӦˡ
ɣҶһôģڶɽˣȻҶӦнչӣӲϣôҶȻҲ㹻ɰͳ
˽ǵԱ߶ĳг÷Щˡ
Ȼ˵ҶľݲԶΪֳıҲľݺҶоʲô⡣
ֻǽ÷˵ƺ΢¶Цݣ·ʲô¶һ㣬ɵͷֹѣһ
÷ľݺҶǰеʱǷбȽеĹϵǴһŮ˵ֱ;֮϶м飬Ļֱ顣
ľݿҶʱ漸ԵˮˣžǴֻҪǸŮˣܹó
ʵע⵽ľݺҶ̸˲٣󲿷ֶû⣬ίǺгִͻУֵһЩʲô¶ٿԱֳ쵼ŽĴͷ
Ҳֳܹɽ쵼Ӷӵ֧֣Դ˾˾ȫǷǳ˵ģʱָžʲôģǶļ쵼Цݵգ÷չ
ȵŮļʱ˵ľͷʱˣڸľ˵ҶҲʱؽĿ̨ȻҶԴŮǺܸȤ
ɫǣ÷˾Ϳ촹ߵı飬̲סһ
ٿľݵʱ򣬽÷ͷľݶƵƵҶҲеԹ¶Թɫܹһ۾Ϳˡ
ˣȻмģӣ÷ȷԼжûˣԼ۹⣬Ǽĵġ
뵽ԼпҪľݺҶִѹ÷滹ЩˣԭΪԼ˶ɽ֮ӦܹһģڿѰ


954 ȱǰ
÷Ȼ鲿ƷɲģǸȴЩƷɵ˽˹ϵ
ʵϣƷԭԺǿλһżȻԣصǲϲɣ֯Ҷúܷģԭƽ
÷Ҷûʲô˽˶Թֻǿôһ˾ȻԼ˾ѾͻĽ÷϶ǲģҲ͸ǿһЩ
ʱ÷ĿƵƵľݺҶתƣͲЩˣ˽̸ʱԵЩ̫һЩ
ʡίͳսеˡľᵽʱ򣬲ɵ̾˿
ĶɽУ˵ǻս棬ǴԴĺõط
Ǹ˾ͿóɽҶ£ڷѾƲɵǼɵҶǿƣλˡ
ճͳսʱûкʵѡΣôʡһЩˣ϶ͺ뷨ˣҪһ
νһ޹ؽҪλöѡҶԴȴûʲô
ľɽ֮󣬳ίƾͱñȽ˷ίǵ˼϶ת忿һ򣬻Ҫؾ
һô˵ľݣǵҶⶼˣΪλһѣίھ˳г£鳤ų屻ߣͳսٽְܱ֮󣬷ҶıѾԪˣɲˡ
ҶȻǲõġ
ԣʡһʲôζɽͳսҶϵҲûбҪϾᡣ
һСʱȻһ˷
;УҶͽӵĵ绰
ҶʲôʱؾԷ˷ܵϲã˾÷ǳʶഺ
ôͻȻҪҳԷҶ˾Ц
ҰȷҪϽˣ˷ܵػشȻߴߴ˵˺ö໰
ǵҪϲˡҶЦ˵
ʵϣԴϴҶæ飬Ƽôнٵλã֪ôһ졣
ϾΪǳҪһٵλãһֱϽĽεģʱƼôֻнΣҪЩģԽϽҲ¡
ֻû뵽ϽȻô졣
ƻڰһʱһ׳أ˵һߡλϽġҶ˵
ӴУٽһߵ÷ǳѣٽннϽ͸ˡ
ÿһλϽľ٣һǾоӢǧƴɱлվߵһϣʵס
ƼôԲʮ䣬ͽϽ˻֮⣬ǵˣȻˣҶҳ¶Ҳûôףԭľɻʧ£ҲѸλҪԭ
һͨ׵ĻƼôüӲнյĳɾ͡
ֱʾף£ʱȽУҾͲȥˡҶ˵лȥһҪǸʲô
ʲôĵطຮ֮أûҰֲʮˣȥһӣʮ˲ࣿ²󣬷ɳ󣬲ʺŮӾסءȴûʲôøС
ѯʣҶʲôʱʱؾǡ
ô׵ģϾڵгæѲҶش
ǰίǶãʱУҲæڵгͰԼ˩סˣʲô鶼ˡһ㣬ǳԿˡ˾ֹ
Ҳô˵һ֣۽ҪһЩˣԺкôġҶЦ
ʵϣίȻһЩǶҶķչǲġ
ڹٳϣͨϣύһٸ˶δܰﵽԼǵһˣȴ˼ɺϣ
ٳܽύ˵ģҪ֯ŵĹԱˡ
ҲΪû֯ϵĹĺǻͲи˵Ľߣ֯ʵñӵˮߣΪԱǼӹٽ
ԣ֯ŵĹԱǴСԱύĶ󣬷żܱƣίǡǡ෴Ŵĵ绰Աľ˯ž㶼㲻
ϸ˵Ҳ֣ΪͼĲ참Ҫ˲·ժ˹ñģֵĹˣƵüˣ˳ƴģΪ鰸ɱļͼɲҲûй
κһİҪȥĻһˣܿһȺˡ
Щ˼Ȼܹߵ쵼λϣ˵ܸߣҲżǿĺܣҪǣ£οͼ첿ź;첿һ쵼ĵӣĵλ﹤ͻˣҲԹУΪԼ;εף޷ġ
˵ˣֻҶ֪ˣǴ˲ŶãɲһѣʡɲҲֹһû¶ٳֵȻ˵Щڿλòߣ󣬵ЩܹҪɳġ
֮󣬵ҶӸλʱЩͬҲˣʱ˵Χ֮У϶Ӳùġ
ΪˣҶҲŻһ²ͬҶڼίͣ
ȻгȻһЩˣǱϾֱӶˣͷչõĻԻҲ˵עתƣӵбȽϲõһ档
˵飬ȷʵ˸ɵġ
ڵ绰ֹһӣҶؾȥǵõҶĿ϶ظ˵ǹһҶүգ϶ҪȥģʱҼ˵
ʱҳС϶Ҳڣʲô˵
Ҷȷʵ鲻ʱҲûʲôƢˣֻ˵ʱƼôԷлơ
ԴҶǴӦˣϾƼôΪľ־ӰǺܴģδнίִƾĿԣȻӦԽúΪܹͬ׷ĻǾ͸ˡ
ȻˣƼô㶼ûУΨһŮֻҪҶĹϵãδʹпΪ
֮ƼôʱӦûжʮ꣬׶ҲҶǱķչĻƽʱڣҪ֧֣ҶǳҪ
Ҷ˵绰֮󣬾䣬˵ӦʲôģϾֻĵŷжڲǺôʱӴ绰˵Ǻ׻԰ġ
ںܶ飬ȻҶһȽֱ۵ӡҲ֪δĴƣĸԤܶᷢһ̶ȵƫȻȺСǱĬ֮µĸı䣬ȻǱȽϿɹ۵ġ
ͱƼôϣҶ;ԼǰеˣƼôԺķչΣڰղˡ
Ҳûа취飬ҶܲзչסȥָıĻǰװ׵˷᣿


955 ϣ֮
صίԺʱ򣬾ͿһɫɯܳͣԺǰ档
ҶĳͣͿϹܿӳ˳ӭ
ϹСôˣҶеЩ⡣
Ϲܿɽе飬ںܶ˶֪ˣҶҲȷľݽϹҪڶɽԮʮѧ
ʵϣõԮһѧֻҶǵɽеʵʮͿˣʮԵɢӶʡطڷƶѧĻһѧŵɽУ϶ܶ顣
ˣҶҲ׼һʼͱʾɽֻʮѧԮһԮĿ꣬ҪóȥһЩŻ˾˺ܴ
ңʮѧóȥҲҪһЩģĻǺܳԿˣ
ʮ飬ҶֻгίǽͲɢʡһĲϡ
ҶгЩ顣ϹܿЦ˵
ţ˵ɡҶ˵ͷȻȾͽԼı
Ҷı棬ƽʱǲסģסһ¥УܽʲôʱǲŻҶһס
˵ͮȥɻȥ֮ҲȥľݵˣɾͿֻʣҶһˡ
طͦģϧûʲôϹ֮ܿ󣬾һ
ɣʲôҪ˵ҶûϹ֮ܿ󣬾ָָɳʾϹܿ˵
٣ʵһԮѧѡַ⡣ϹܿŵţҶ˵
ʱϹܿŰɫĳ£ɫͲȹɫ˿࣬ǺɫƤЬʱһѹһ棬ȹ΢΢̧ߣ߹⡣
Ҷ˶񣬲Ůջ󣬴Ա߶óһŶɽеͼָĸֲ˽Լ
ĿǰɽйʮĸΧĸãͲһԮѧĿ֮ˣصͷŵܱߵʮС
ÿԮǧ˵ѧϾͿԽˡҶϹܿ˽ԼĹ滮
ɽ˿ڴңУѧԼǶʮңʮǧ˵ѧôͿԽʮ˵ѧ⣬ܱԣǷǳҪġ
Ϊھȷԭ򣬳ѧǱȽصģĻУѧӦжʮҡҶϹܿ͵ҵǾ⣬Ҫ֤ܹͯͽѧѧУҲҪܹȷȫɿ
ϹܿҶĻһʣΪʲôֻǽѧûпǵСѧأ
ҲԭġҶ͵ѧѧУ»֮󣬿ճУǿһӵģԸĳСѧʹãΪСѧСȽСѧУ⣬ڱȽϺһЩ
ϹܿҶĻ֮󣬾Щȵ˵ǰΪܹߵڵλϣҪıӣڿеˣµô˽⣬һΪ飬ȷʵЩҵϡ
һײһȻλϣ϶һЩģʬλزǲҵ硣Ҷӿɳ棬˵
ôʲôʱȥѡַأϹܿʵ
飬ͲҪȥ˰ɡҶʾȥ֮ɸоˣǽ֮һ£ûʲô⣬ֱӿˡ
һ⣬ܲѧУ棬ϹأϹܿһǳе⡣
ŶҶ֮󣬶ʱһ£ȻͿ
ʵԮѧУҪȨ⣬ʲô⣬ǰкܶģȻǽڸѧеݷݵȵȡ
ڶɽеʷϣûѧУôҶҲ̾飬˵ʵǽõ֮ڣȻҪҿԿһ£õίȥۣûʲôĻҲᷴԡ
áϹܿҶ¶Ǿһ飬Ͷʮ㾡óһ
Ҫ߲һ£㲻ҪҶش
ʵϣ⣬ҶѾȡ˸߲½⣬һֱţΪǱ߶ûаźãϾʮͶͻȻһش飬ҶƽǱ߶ҲҪ׼ǮϹ˲źá
żүүߵýϹܿЩ꣬һ޷ĿĻҪˡ
ѹϹܿżϾϹҵĵˣֻϹܿСһˣкֵܶܽõģЩ˶Ǽļ̳֮һ˭ϣܹԼϣعȻõϹŵɼҲΪһϹ֮
ΪĿģҲų˰ʹӸǡ
ԣϹܿЩļ
ţһµʱ乻ˣүүҪػع飬ԼЩ׵ģҿʵȨعι۵룬ѶȾʹһЩҶϹܿżͶһԼ뷨
Ŷ𣿣ȻϹ֮ܿ󣬶ʱЩ˷
Ϲ⣬ǰݲϴףڲŸмҲܻأֻںⷢչŸӣʹҪҶͱȽѶˡ
һݻǲУֻϹ費Ըôί
ڵ߲ԷĻЩͶˣϾϹǰȨϽⷽӰҲǷǳصģֻΪһЩˣһ˲ҽ֣ԲŽ齩ֵҲ޷
Ҷܹ׽µĻǶϹҶԣһϲˡ
ҲǷ˵ǳүӦǿԵġҶ˵
үӵҲ鱨ģⷽҲԪϼ֪ʱһЩĻܹ⣬߲ٸһ£¶ҲͽˣϾЩ˻϶ˣĶһŶ
Ǿץʱ찡Ϲܿ˳ضҶ˵
ȻǷǳ˷ܵģ°ˣҰôƯүһǻǳ˵ģΪҲ͸аˡ
뵽ɵýԼҶ˹ȥЦȻزȥҶֱۣһֻҲҶĴ棬޵زš
ú˵ҪֶšҶһ۵
Ȼ˵ڱһĿ飬ǶϹܿԣҶеӰģһŮһɱʮΣҲֻò
Ϲҵ飬ҶѾòˣǶϹܿڻûпǺҪãô˵
Ҷ뷨ȻǺõģֻȴû뵽ĽͨǱ߶ȴһֱڶϹһع֮µģ⣬ǵĵȻһЩ
⣬ϿһȺˣʱҲϹҵĻع⣬磬ڿǷƵ⡣


956 Ҳж
ϹܿҶϣҶгĵʱ򣬹Ĵ󲿳ͨȡ˵Ĺ㱨
ߣڳ֮⣬ҲرǸϿ鱨ʮ߾ֳָԶ
ˣеڻԾˡԶԽͨ˵ǵ鱨ͳƣԷ߶֮ϵ̨ź֮磬߳ңӺⷴͳƵõϢǱڵصĶ԰ּжʮϣԶԶظ
ͨϣڷԶĻ֮ӦһȴûķӦƺڴ²Ǻܹע
ⲻԶһЩĲɵĽ֣ͨصرʾ
ͨԶЩˣ̧ͷʾ˵ȥ
һϵж֤бȽϼеĿҪֻڻԵĿʲôҵЩǡԶԽͨʾϣԼӴⷽͶ룬һҪǵĵߣ԰ҪЩʲô
Ϊ԰ֵ϶֣ԶҲǾḻķŸˣⷽӵиһӦ
԰ڵص鱨һֱûͣǰþͳֹϾ˱Է͸飬һֳ˴ҿʱνϾ˾ҶӽҶ£⣬ʱס©ץ˺ü߷ľҪԱŽ⡣
飬ö԰ڵؾļ΢ͣһӡ
Ǵڵƺҵʲô㣬׼žˡ
ԶԣǾԲܹܵģҪһʲô飬ԵطԲöԷıóѡ
飬֪ˣѾרҵλ㽫ͷϵ¾Ϳԡ˭֪󲿳ͨľȴԶеЩ㵡
飬ԶĲģôܹأ
ԶҪֱ䣬ϾǶȨѵ˵󲿳ͨĹЩ⣬ԲҪˣ
ԶеЩɲ֪ʲôط˲ӡ
Ĺûйϵֻ漰һЩ飬ҪĲ֪ͨԶϵľΪʲôֱӾʹԶĻͷ˵ȥɣ϶
ǡԶȻ֪ͨôԭ򣬵ǼȻϼҲֻзӡ
鱨ţһȽϸļɲţ¼֮ķ⣬ҪϸԵ֮ͨԶҲֻطӡ
ԼͷϵϽ˳Ȼ΢΢Ϲת˳ȥ
ȵԶ뿪֮󣬽ͨŶ˵û뵽԰Ҳڹע飬Ӿˡ
ȻԶ֪԰æʲôǽͨġ
Ϊʲôأ޷ǾΪϹѡ
뵱꣬ǰȨĸͳع飬԰ɳ˶·ɱΧ׷½صģϧǵһħһɣڵص鱨ͬǳɫʹ֮ƣͳɹ˻˴󾪣԰޹⡣
񣬵Щˣ϶òˣƫƫðһʼįϹҪҶˣ԰˵Ȼסˡ
λҲִĵλϽеĽеһλˣ԰ôؿϹͶڵصĻ
ҪôһĻ԰ҲãҲգҪ׹͹ȡ
ԶֳǵĿ꣬Ϊ֪Ϲ飬ǼȻ֪ȥǲҪһ˳ץСأһԾʵ
Ϲܿ٣ȻڵҪ񣬵ǼȻ԰Ҳʼע⵽ˣôǳЩǣȻҪΧϹܿչжģǰᣬҪʶЩӦҪ׵öࡣ
ʱ뵽ؽڣȻҪ˳̵
ţ¶Կһ¡ͨΪĴ󲿳϶Ҳе뷨ġ
Ȼ쵼ָʾͨҪϹչжҪĿ겢Ҫ֯ϹĻع飬ҪѰҳϹ豦䣬ЩеĶõ֡
̵Уܹ˳ץ԰ļ;عҲ§ݴӣһá
һ֮󣬽ͨͶ˵ţͽɣϣܹץסᣬúõظɳɼ˳ɼҲǺǡ
лˡҲЦ
ͨĸĹϵǳãˣҲ˿壬Ҹôõᡣ
ܹһε飬ץعͼĻͨҰƸ
ϾڹڲʲôҪһЩҪľһжЧʵĲţֻҪ˳ɼͺ׻ߪġ
ϹܿҶ˰죬űҶߡ
ʵҶҲˣĶϹܿ¶Ҳ⵽ʲôִΪֻҶԼеϰѡ
һϹܿ⣬һȡ⣬ԶԣҶںһһЩ
Ϲ֮ܿҶֲͨҶƽĵ绰˵顣
ʮͶ룬ҲǺֱܴˡҶƽҲԶӵĴֱʸеЩĮȻˣΪѾ飬飬ҿǻǷֽɣĵطʱҲ鲻ôĿǴҵѡǷиӺʵĿǣ
һ뷨ҿҪзչӲҵҶЩǵģֱӾͶҶƽ˵齨һ˵Ӳ̺ڴͶʷŽȥӦǲġ
ŶҶƽ֮󣬶ʱüëһû뵽ҶθھȻͦģֱӾ׼˹ʵӲҵǰء
ʵϣڹڸ˵гֻǸո˵ͷѣ286386ĵԣȷʵ࣬ۼƫߣϻǮø˵ԵģǮյģȷʵġ
ͨ˼ңûʲôϻôļǮȥʲô˵ԣϾͨе¹ˮƽҲٿҡ
֮ǰҾͽϴ˵ԵģװֳɲѣôһͶʣһ˵ϹҽⲿʽӲ̺ڴ棬ҲǽͳɱɡҶҶƽ͵
ΪʲôCPUأ˵ǸֵǮġҶƽͷʵ
Ҷ˾Цˣ͵û취飬ȻҲCPUϧǶ˵͸óģһԭгҲһԭҪͬӹ죬ҲֻȴĶһڳԲӡ
ţ㿴ŰɡҶƽͷͬˣ߷棬һύȥġ
ϹҵǮ·ǮͶͶˣ϶ܹǵģͷһһ˳ӹܣһֺˡҶ˵
湻ڵġҶƽˣЦ


957 ĶҲʡ
ϹҵǮ·ǮͶͶˣ϶ܹǵģͷһһ˳ӹܣһֺˡҶ˵
湻ڵġҶƽˣЦ
ϹҪع飬֮ǰҶ͸ҶƽҶƽҲеĻֻû뵽ҶȻʮ
Ȼ˵ҶڿϹܿʾǸ߲˼ʵϸ߲û˼ûкڵϹʮ˼
վڸֲ߲ϣôûƷʮҪ󣬲Ҷѡ
뷨Ҳô飬гܶ࣬һ˷գûʮȶѣ˭װΪϹҸɻ
˵ˣϹֲȱǮжҲ˳µ顣
·ǮġҶЦŻشϹһλƺҲĿĶܵѪС
Ҷƽ˵ͷȻڵ绰ĵʵǸŮˣԴȥӻģھסڼ档
ŶҶӦһ֪Ҷƽ˵ֻͮҲе֣ǰסĵطôˣ
·ɻʱеײŤ˽ţһܲܰ˼Сһ棬ԾʹˡҶƽ͵
Ҷһеͷˡ
Ҷƽ棬˵ʲô֪ͮ
Ȼ˵ΪҶӵܵ飬Щ֪ģڶɽеĹٳϣ֪˲࣬һ֪֪֮ͮˣ֪˵Ļƺܶ˾Ͷ֪ˡ
¶ֵġҶֲ˵ѻ¶ϾͮŹȥģѻչˣѻǾְˣȴǸеЩ֡
Сʲô·ҶƽʵһЩ˵ô߶ЩСһһƯôɲãڿгˣҪעӰ졣極ҾͲ˵ˣ㿴ָŮţ
治ҸŮˡҶɫҺҪ֤ˣǰ淢¶¼ҰתƵϰǱ߶̨һӣһ߶ѧϰһ߶ѡ
ͽɽ߶Ҷƽһ飬ղҲ¶顣
ӶʡȻô⣿Ҷƽˣʱǳ
Ҳѹˣ˭ԼӲ¶ŪеŭģοҶƽ־þλߡ
ӶʡҶƽ֪òǺϾҶҵĴͳΧ
ǵҶ˴ӽʡӶʡȥǲʲôĿģҶƽҲмף޷ǾϣҶŵزĵطţڷչ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽Ҷյǣ˺һӶʡΪ֮𶯣ȫʹ˶ԷĲãʡί˳ǸǶ
仯ǵܶʼδġ
öӶʡίɽҪϺӶʡԴҶ߿һۣǾͳŶɽйٳĻᣬɵ˶ɽгδг
ʡڵĹԱǨƣɽģţֳ˺ܶ˵ϣֻľѳۣҲ˵ʲôֻϣҶ¦ӣʱ˵л
ϧǣҶãܿҵ˶ɽеĹٳȱڣҽˣһ˳г˳ִλŻǣҲܹѹơ
£ҪҶ¶Ҳεľٶˡ
ʵϣҶıɱҲԲùЩˣҶһŭ֮£ȻҪкܶΪ֮ġ
ڸ߲ڲһЩĶˣҲ˶Ȼ̨
˵Ҷƽ˵Ϣ֮ȸеľŭ
ҶæοĶˣϰΪҪûзʲô״ǸеЩѧˡ
ҶƽҶ̸⣬Ȼ˸ղ˵顣
һ֮󣬾͹˵绰
Ҷƽµ绰֮󣬺ȻԼֱҶȥˣɵЦһӣתƻĹǺ
ЦҶƽͿҶ¶ɵһߣ飬ҶܵûһУ
ҶںӶʡȷʵûʲôһǲ岻ȥ
ȻôЩѱȻǿԿһ£ŽȥһӽǣƵģҲܹҶ໥Ӧγ֮ơ
ȻˣҪãôӳһҶƽĥŵܻؾʱ򣬼һүӣоһ顣
ҶôûϢʱѻʹ¥ϵķҶƽȻ鷿濴ͳʵ
ŶղŸ㱦ͨ˵绰ȻҪļʱ͵ˡҶƽЦһµֿ̧˿ҶֱŶⶼʮһˡ
ϴϴ˯ɣʲôʱģѻ˵
ʵҶƽ̶ֳ֮󣬻ûôҪ̽ģעĶһЩˣС¶Ȼȥ
ţôСûʲô¶ɣҶƽ˵ͷͮ
ţû¶ˣҽˣ֯ˣû˵ǣϢͺˡѻشȻЩп˵ǶʲôãΧŮ̫ˣҶ֪ĸǸйϵģŪЩΡ˵ҪС֪ˣҪˡ
¶֮䣬ӦĬģǾͲҪˡҶƽҲͷ飬˵飬ȷʵǹܲ˵ġ
ھһЩŵУͬε鲢ټҵżʣҶƽȻЩмֵԼӵͷϵʱҲ֪ӦǺá
ҶǸˣҲԼȦӣԼҵΪ߹٣ѾҪָʲôˡ
СҲͦƯģȻ˵СұģǿҲУͦģĸĸؽиͣѻ˵ȻֱԹ˵ÿӣæʵҴҲͦû˼ģиСҲ
ɣҶŹˣӦûʲô⡣Ҷƽ˵ͷСҶ֤ˣŵǱʲôģ
˵Ҷĵ̨ߣżʹһʲôģҶҸϵʵϰһ°ɡѻ˵
ȻϲǾסڼҲԡҶƽͷ
˵ۼҶӵмŮˣѻȻʵ
ôҶƽȻ
Ҽţ楿϶һǸлҲе˼иľݲ岻ģ񻹸ƼôѾͷϵǸͬѧ˪÷Ĺϵ֪ģ֪Ļ֪жءѻͱԹҶͬʱûʲô˵ı顣
٣̫ˣġҶƽѻָͷţɵÿЦ
ȻǺ޳ҶµͷˣȴҲûʲôȥһ°ˡ
ڵŮӣϲɶ˻𣬸οҶôĴء


958 Ҷ
˵飬ȷʵǹܲѻЩп˵
ʵҶƽѻˣʮͷͣ˵긻ǿǳɼʱֻǵ磬ֳϢԲŻòᡣ
ʵȦ棬൱ĸ߲
һӣүӵգʱ͵ʲôأѻͻȻʵ
үӹգһǹũģԽүӵգڰѮҲǲµӣѻҪ׼Ȱ׼׵
飬ˡҶƽעõЩ飬ǾͶ˵
ϴһ鱦Уһľ񲻴ƺүӵθڣǼǮеˣҪʮءѻҶƽ˵
ʮļ۸񣬶Ƕԣȷʵܹġ
Ҫ֪Ϊ쵼ˣҶƽȻҪΪʳסеⷢΪеһжǹҰ˵ģҪ˵ԼóôǮȴеġ
Ϊ쵼ˣҶƽԼҲдյԴҪǸ룬ʵΪģͻʮһľ񣬿϶ҲеģҪһ²С
¶˵һͿˡҶƽа취ֱӾͶѻ˵
ðɣѻеԥ
Ȼ˵ҶŮˣ¶ѾõүӵϿɣѻֹܾϵеֵֹģ֪ôá
ɶеģ˵ˣ϶ܸ˵ġҶƽ˵
ΪˣʵЩǿñȽģ֪ΪҶĴˣִӴľԴ൱Ǯ楿õľҶҵϿɣһҶүӶϿɣǷǳںġ
үӹգϺȻҲǺ顣
ѻ棬ȥӦҲǽϱģ楲ܻеˡ
ôҲζҶҴϵ¶ͬ極Ĵڵģǲܹϳ϶ѡ
Уġѻͷͬˡ
ʵѻҲͦϲ極ģúÿѧҲߣһôļŹ˾÷ˮŮ˷ﶼֻΪԵʣҶĲѡ
ֻҶļͥ棬ŲԵģ϶ǲеģѻҲΨͽκˡ
Ҷص֮ȴǺȻЩʧˡ
һ֮󣬾Ͳͨľݵĵ绰˯𣿡
ϴ裬׼˯أأľݵԵñȽᡣ
ʵϣЩ쵼ģһ˯Ƚ˵Ƿܹʱڣʵʲô⣬ֻҪǼʱͷ飬Ѹڣʲôϵ
ʲô飬ҲֲǵͷϾ쵼࣬ʱҲǺ飬ͱ˵ǰҶмίǵʱ򣬾;شţͣǵʱ伫١
Ȼ˯ˡҶʵ˵Ȼʵҹȥɣ
ðɣôˣ˿Ϊ顣ľЩΪѵ˵
¶ȷʵð죬˵ǰ컹һЩҿˣ˵гȥίоȥˡ
ҹģгͬίϣһȥ֮ûгһֱ˴糿뿪¶ҪǱ˿ˣҪֳġ
ɽеͱȽϸˣٴҶľ֮ӶʡҪġ
ľݿǵȽ϶࣬еҶΪ֮׵Ĵþ档
Ȼ˵ڵĶɽУѾȶˣľҲоóƽ֮£ܾŰӿΣء
Խʱ򣬾ԽҪסԲܹΪһëƤС¶Ӱ˴֡
û¶ί¥ûװأСһȥˣӰŸҴ򿪣𿪵ơҶ˵
ľݶʱ
Ҷڳ֮󣬾ƵԼı棬߶һ˶ߵ̻ÿڱ١
Ҷıľݵı֮䣬ֻһ׶еѣҶһèʹ˹ȥȻСĵ̻˹ȥľݱǰ
ʱľѾźˣûпƣ۾Ӧ˺ڰĻȻͿҶ˹
㵨󣡡ľСһ䣬ȻŽҶ˽ȻٵذŸ
Щ֮ľݾ;ԼϢҲеˡ
ǰҶԼʱ򣬻϶ھ֮ģûʲôܹϵóǣѡĵطҲǱȽصģֱڳί¥ıԼᣬȷʵǴδй顣
Ҷȴеﲻסˣ̽ڣףôְ·ˣ
Ҳûʲô˼ɣ˳־ȥֵĹҹһסİ飬ֻһȣľݵѾӲ
Ҫľݺܾöûˣɫɵһ
ұ¥ȥҶҲûš
Ȼ˵ϹܿǸŮȥҶǺܷģȴҶӣҲѻúܡ
ľֻԼһΣͱҶرɵý˫Ҷϣ˫§סĲӣһַǳܵƱһ
ҶβµļֱͦͦͦضŻ档
Ҷؽǰͦ£ͶľЩſҶļͷоһҲʹ
ҶָĴȣȻƹ˴ȣ̽Ĵڲ࣬뵽ȸѾʪȵŻϣľɫͨ죬̲סŤҶ
óҪѽľһҶ֣æңͬʱҲԭʼΪҶѾڿ֭ҺŪʪˡ
ͬʱҶͦɹеĴ׳Ҳͣͦ
˵ʱҶѾ̽Ŀ࣬ĲСڿ㣬ƸŨܶëŻϣָͬʱĻ꣬ͷʱѾʪޱȡ
ҶǣгѾɹˣҪˡҶҧľݵĶ˵
ҪǣľݱҶôһŪеԣһʱ֮ûзӦ˵ǣѵҸг
ǰҪǡҶһ߶ͳ˵ţһ߶ָ壬ֻһţָָͣľݵпٵĽһɹȵҺ˳
ǿҵĴ̼ʹľݵ̱һҶϣС첻ͣشϢš
Ҷɳ߶ûľݵӰתӡᴽвͣطţеľֻǺ۾Ҷ˱ͷ
ʱľݺȻ˷зӦΪʲôҶղŻ˵Ҫˡ
Сӣǻ͸ˣľ̲ס


959 ޶
㵽ױ˶ˣ
˵أ
˵Ҳڶɽоôʵ
طûйϵؼûкʵ
ǿɺ˵ˣҿ˵ܸŮͬ־ϲġ
Ǻôûеߵ𣿡
еߵĻղŸţ
Ƥ˰ɣľǣ
ڰ֮Уһһһģ¹棬е
ȴҶһ̣ڴͷš
ղŵһһȴѾľݵͬɢһ㣬ʱȻǻѩ׵¶棬Ҳûһ
ȥϴ裬ʪܵģô˯أľЩԹ˵ôһ㣬·⡣
Ҷ˾ЦôܣֲǵһΡ
˵⻰ʱľݵ۾ںڰкģ֪ʲô顣
ôˣʲôҶʶǳľݵЩͽ§ڻʵ
ľݵ壬ǳ˵Ļƽʱ䣬һ¶ܳˮԲȴӷף§ڻܹ˵ҶеԼе˼
ӣǰľݸһ
ҶҪĻеŲסˡ
ڸղţľҲǿֿڲãҶʵģû뵽ôͻָ˹ȷʵе˾̾Ǻð
ϲ֮࣬ľҲе£Լ⽿壬ǳԲסڡ
ΪϻϹŮˣľȻʲôûмʶСʵϸҶһʱҲⲻ˻ԼǰϹԱȣ͸о۴ĸȽϣ˶һϡ
ҶĻ࣬ȸ㣬ãװѸٵ۷壬ڲ֪ܵһһĿ֡
ҶĻľݺȻؾ뵽Щ飬ɵЩƵ˵ôˣ˼ҲСʱ㣬ǵһΣе᣿
ʵľݸŮһȻʱɷҶǶԼеƽϣϾǵһξ͸ҶϾйһˣ֮С
ͶˡҶǶνȻľ¶ȴҲ֪˿϶Ҳֻܹά͵͵Ĺϵ
ΪһϵҶľǷΪ޵飬ͲǺ⣬ǱȽľܹԼĿ֣Լٳϵ
Ҳ뷨е˽еˣ˶ǴŮֻҪһʱ֣Ҳ˵ùȥˣοľݴҶҲܹõİûܵ˿ί
쳣ίϣʲôҪͨ𣿡ľݺȻʵ
ϲ̸ɣɷ羰Ҷ̾Ц
ҪͨˡľҲǺúŪģ̾Ͳ³Ҷ϶Ҫġ
ţһС¶ѣҪҶͽϹܿԮѧУҪȨ飬ľݽһ£Ȼ˵飬νֻǽᣬ˵ķӦѡ
Ŷԭ顣ľ֮˼
Ҷ뷨ľݻǲµһЩ
ɽ߶ǳڵطϸ֮УԺܶ˼϶ŲһЩ޹ؽҪ⣬ǵУҲᱻǷǳص飬ǺаյĻڹȨǷܹô˵֧֣ȷʵǸδ֪
Ҷô޷һҪ飬۲һ˵ķӦǵ˼棬ƫǸ
Ҫ֪Ȼίڻ鵱лһվ⣬ǱģôģǾͲö֪ˡ
޳ԮѧУȻǴҶڿ飬ûʲô˻ᷴԣ˼ҪȨ⣬ֵȶˣһʼǵ⣬ۣͨҶҲԸ׵ؿ˵ʵһ档
ľ㻹ǲҪȷ̬Ϊã̬һЩҶͶľ˵
һǽƻľˣʱЦ
ڴЪһ֮ľݾҪȥϴ衣
Ҷľݵı壬̾ͱʾһɡ
˽ԡңԡˮͷʼˮȻԡͷȽϴһ
̵ֻУⲻִսһ
ľݱҶԡʱеƣÿҪ˯ȥĸоʲôʱصϵģľһ֪
ڶһ磬͸ɴսʱľݲ˹һѾϰ˵ˡ
ҿһ֣Ļеˡľеֹһ䣬ȻͿʼϴ£Ȼȥ˲Щ
ίʱ򣬾ͿѾʰ칫ˡ
ľǣɫܺð࿴ľһۣЩĽ˵
ľݣݹˬģЩ޶˵ĸоͬΪŮ˵ˣ̲סЩĽʡ
𣿿˯߳˰ɣһֱæµò˯˸ľݵйϵĹǺܵңǳػش
ľݵɫܺã˾͸һ㣬ƺ͸Ź⣬ͷҲǳ˳Ȼɫٲ
ϧľǣΪԭľûа취еźˡ
ʵϣӸλŮǣ϶̷ԵøһЩ
˵糤Ļͻ࣬ûϡ
ľҲû˵ʲôֻЦЦԼλϣȻ󿴽ճ̰ţʮҪٿίᣬһЩ飬֮ǰҪӼͬ־ǡ
ڽӼͬ־ʱ޲Ϊľǵˣ˵ίǱͱȽˣƫƫֳӣʵǸ˴̫ѹλͬ־ڻ㱨ʱ򣬱ͨ˳һƪ£˵ýͰ͵ģŪľüѡ
˳ȥ֮󣬾ͱͬеһԹ
Ҳ֪ôŰľһŪܻ㱨òŹأЩط
ˣԷǲֲѧëͷСӣŮʦͲ֪ô˵ˣôô湤ֵŮûһ٣Ҳаʮ˰ɣôûһ
ǲһ˾ͱʾһٰʮģһίˣ
⵹ҲǡԷˣǵͷͬˡ
ʮӵʱľƿСҵţ˽
Сĳίǣԭ۷׷ףһЩϽۣľݽŶȴʱͰǳһֳ
ҶҲһ£תͷľݵʱ򣬶ʱô¶ˡ
ɵЦ޶˵ľɽеһ֣ϾͿԿסĳЩ˰
ҶȻͻ룬˵ԼľڳίϸĻ֪Щίǣƫĸأ
飬Ƕͦġ


960 
÷СĳҲɵõһ
ҲǱȽƯŮˣϸҲǿԸľݱȼŮˣֻǽȻ֣޶˵ľľǣƺѹһͷ
ɵԱ߶ľŤͷ˿ͷԼɫȻҲͦˮۣɫҪľһͷ
ľݵɫǸոձˮʻһ㣬滹¶ء
÷ȻǱȲģ治ɵЩˡ
ӣǱ˸ոһ÷кȻһЩɵ˼
Ϊľһ̸飬Ҳ˵ʱľʲôȻҲƯȴûݹĸоȥ;ȫûеһŮһҹ֮䣬ôı仯ĳˡ
¶÷ĿתƵһԵҶϡ
˸ŮǲͬģŮǾͼʺ磬ǷؾήҲŶԣϾϵıȽϴһЩ
ϧ÷˰죬Ҳûп
ҶϣͬݹȣóСӾͷʮ㣬һҲȵı顣
¶ˡ÷ֹһͷԼĲϡ
Ϊг÷ЭҶгչģЭгֹ졢ίء¡ơ˰񡢽ڡۡͳơй˾ӪʲӪɹĿ顢ơӦܡѧУȷĹͬʱųؽĳ蹤
÷ĹҲ൱ҪλӸλг֮ϣνմȨ
ŵһݶϣǹڸ۵ͲҪͶؽɽµļƻʱѾʽݽˣ˵λ۵ͲŵĶ³Ҳ֮ɽʵؿ졣
ΪһͶʳԪĴĿϵɽԴĴ£÷ô¹ϵش˾ύ˳ίۣƻʹоԲ߳ӦδܹͶء
ӽ÷ڴµȤǺŨģϾڷֹŹųؽĿɽµؽе֮أܹٳɴ£ôҲϷǳŨصһʡ
÷ûаίľݾȿˣλڿᣬղҶгһ飬ڴһ¡Ҷг롣
ҶľݵͷȻ˵ͬ־ǣŷ̽绪ϹܿСӦ룬ɽУ޳ԮʮѧѧУĹģǧѧΪ׼
ۣ
仰ʱ˷
Ǻ¶г˽λгίȻˣʸȴ㹻Ϣ֮ʱЦ
ΪҶ˶˽ѿ϶Ҫ֧ҶģȻ˵Ҷ֮ǰûи飬ǾѧУ飬öӣҲǺ¶
Ȼ֮ȻЩϢĿɿԣҲ¶Цݵġ
ȻǺ¶ֻǲ֪λϹСʵΣԮʮѧǿҪһǮͶġĺڱʾ˻ӭ֮࣬Ǻָܼ⡣
ǧҵһѧ˵ֻУ¶ʵ¥ɣͼݰɣб׼ٳɣнְѧɣ
ټѧУӦ䱸Ľ̾ߺͰ칫Ʒΰʵȣȷʵһʿ֧
ڵˮƽ㣬ĺţôҲͶȥһǧʽŸöʮѧǿɾڰ
Ҳ֪λϹܿС㾿ǺηʥȻһ־ӳڣѵϵڱ
÷һҲеˣû뵽ҶҪ˵ľȻô顣
Ҫ֪۵ͲɽؽƻҲſǵͶʽѣѾǳˣȴû뵽ҶˣֱӾֵڵʮѧ
ǣûӱȰ
ֲҶ϶ɽؽļƻ÷Ҳ֪۵Ͳؽɽµļƻ֮ǰҶйһЭģֻ¶Ӹ
÷֮ǰΪ̯˺¶ʱôһ֪˼ҶǿôӬͷС
ǺǣϹСĲǲҪĵģǱ߶ͶʣһԾͶ볬ʮʮѧԮ񣬶㲻ʲô顣ҶʱЦ
ʮ
ˣоӶеըˡ
û뵽˼ҾȻôǮȻӣôλʲôϹСɽԮѧУǳʲôĿأ
ҵɻĿ⣬ɵּеҶϣƺʱ޶˵ľݣ޷ǵĿˡ
ҲǺò⣬ɽ߶Ͷʻ˼ǿϵģҺ˵˵˵Ҳûа׷ѿࡣҶ˵ֻǣ˼Ҳеģ̸£Ļ¶δؾܹ
ʲôҶг˵ˡ̾˽к
ʵ¶ϵ̫ˣ޳ԮǮͶ֮ĿǵصĽҵڵĴεҪɽбصĽҵģⷽǳ󣬶Ĳ룬ҲкܴĴ̼
ҪЩѧУ֮󣬶ɽеϰǣ󣬶쵼ӵҲкܴĸĹۡ
ʵҲʲô飬ֻϹСҪѧУĹȨҶ͵˵ʯذɣ֮ѧУԷʯصһϹѧڶϹѧ
Ӱ÷֮󣬾;ЩνˣҾⲻʲô⣬ڴѧ治кܶݷ𣿵һģ˼ҼȻǮ޳ԮѧУֻǿԵġ
ô˵ɣĺԴЩԵģ˵һѧУôȻûʲô⣬ǰҶгļƻһҪϹѧ˴ѧȺ壬ôһĻԵɽеѧУ϶˼ҵľ½ģԣûңϼ쵼ô⣿Ƕɽе󣬻᲻ܵӰ죿
ôһ˵֮жҡ˻ǲٵġ
ȷʵͬǳҪҪ˵һϹѧҲˣؿ˵Ļ˵ڽͶϣ䵽˺ͷȫ˼˽˵ľߣ
ǱµĻ˵ȷʵÿġ
һһ⣬ǾǱֵܳп龰᲻Ľʺأ
⼸꣬Ȼ˵طձ鷢չҲһǮҪģͶ뵽ҵ󲿷ֵطûġ
ɽⷽͻƣȻǳɼǵɼ˵˳µĻͬʲôõá
ܼܲٹѧУ¼ίǶηɾѯʵ
ΪĴ֮һηɹȻҲϣ¶ܰɵģϾӵطкôҲñضϹѧĻԼЩۣ
Է̬ȻǱȽϼֵġҶͲɫػش֧Ԯ˼治ˣͲ˵Ůġ
ٺ١ȻЦЦȴǿúܡ


961 Ǿͱɣ
Է̬ȻǱȽϼֵġҶͲɫػش֧Ԯ˼治ˣͲ˵Ůġ
ٺ١ȻЦЦȴǿúܡ
飬ȷʵ˸еЩͷʹˡ
ԷԮһѧУĻƴҺʹؾͿİˣȨ治ʲô¶ԮʮѧǱضϹѧôɽһӾȫˣ
лô飿ʡô飿߲ε쵼ô飿ЩҪϸõġ
ϾչҵӦ飬ѧУȫ˽˳ǮˣȻǻ¶ǰѹȨҲóĻеˡ
٣ǰûмôģظ
Ҷ˵˵¶ôŪܲôһԮ˰ɣľݿ˿ˣ˵
⵹ҲǣʮѧأһҲͶڡĺ棬ʵҲͦġ
ǱˣطϵЩҵϵС
һöʮѧԮĿô̿϶Ҫ䵽طϵЩҵͷϵģΪӰҵбȻкܴĺô
ʵϣУ濼顣
ΨһȱȨˣһãֵĻȷʵеˣѵ˵Ϊô飬͵һֱô˼ҵ
ܲЭЭأ˵һֻһôģ˵ùȥĺʵ
ʵĺ棬ϣܹصģֲֻ̫Ͼ¶ð죬ֻܹɾò
ǵֵÿǣҶгܲ˵λϹС㣬һЩòأ˵󲿷ѧУǿУڸʲôģһίʵ
ǵ뷨Կǿǡ÷֮󣬾ıͨӦеͨģ޷ǾǻһǴͲô̼ˡ
ϹСɲô룬ֻһʱ˶ѣΪˣ¶ɾͻˡҶԴ˵̬Ȼô֣Щȴ˵ĺģʧȥᣬʧɾ̫ˣǲðյġλ˭ܹа˵ҿԴΪһ¡
ҶĻʱֱ˵ҶгҲ޳ܵģֻ˵ó
ĺеԮƻǷĴˡ
Ͼӳڸѧ޳ģԩͷûмǸ۵Ǳ߶ļ̳ڸԭ򣬰ͽڵظľôۼҲǹڶѡ
Էôֱʣͼʲôأ¶ȷʵ벻ס
ܴķҶûʧ
ȣ˵ڵľȷʵģðɣҲǺף޷ǾһȨѣͷԵ顣
綫ɽ棬ʡ治ܹôģǣҶǾԼ˲˵ûΪɽо
ʡܹҶܴٳʮѧȻһδ֪ء
ĺţҶͣûаյ顣
ͣһӣҲû˵Ըаȥ˵ϹС㡣
ϹСʲô˶ôܻأ
÷Ҷɫûд淢ʲôرı飬治ɵЩɣҲ֪ҶǴʲộ
ȻҶ˵Ȼô黹Ҷгİɡίľݾ˵
ľ˵ǣϾҶгĹϵôܲ֡ĺ̾ͬˡ
Ҳ׷ͬʾҶгҪ˼һԮźãڶɽжԣǷǳҪһʾʾĻɽеĽҵͻͽġ
ô˵ʡºܶõҪͶĵطȥг÷˵
ѧУ߶ĹҲڽ÷ֱӷֹµģ飬ҲǸġ
Ҳûʲô취Ͼ˼ûб¶첻ĻǲеġҶһ̯ҶЩ൱Ȼʲô⣬ֻһǵϹС㲻ˣ顣ԣұ̬ɣ¶ǲܸ㣿
Ҷô˵ȻϣίǾʹ½бˡ
ѧУĹȨȫԮ鲻ûйֻһεĹģ̫ԴҶò׼飬˭ҲԸⵣΡ
һ㲻ãɾҪȫع⣬еĹעĿġ
Ǿͱһ°ɣ֧Ԯͬ־֡ίľݾ˵
˵úû˵Ȩ⣬ֻ˵Ƿ֧ϹܿԮѧУ顣
ˣȻҲԵɣǶ֣ʾͬ
ųͬ־ڳȨͬ־ͬľݿ֮󣬵˵ͷʾ⡣
ҵ涼ľô˵Ȼܿ漰Ȩ⣬ȻǴڵģܵýֻǿҶǷⷽ취
ںܶ˿˵Ҷ˵ȷʵʵĻôϹ֮ܿ䣬ȻһЩĬģôԵ޹ʵɽԮѧ
ߣҶԼͿԽ⣬Ҳֻܹ⡣
ɢ˻֮˾ؾۼһ̸ѧУԮĿ
ǣŶжߣȻ˵мίǶηɸĺ֮ĹϵǱϿôǢϣҪĽҪġ
˭֪أĺҲϸֻЩԥ˵ҶȻô˵ǺܴģҾóۣ޷Ǿǰɣ
ֹĽһӻóĽۣҶ飬ڶɽеţһ
Ͼϣ˭Ҳҳͷ˵Լһܹ㶨ҲֻҶˡ
СͲӹ⣬Ҳ֪ôģĺɵðԸ̵
ҶľһҲ˵顣
óҶ¶ͦڴġľݾ˵
ίϵһ߶Ǻٳֵģֻ˵ϣ˵涼һµģԲŻû
ֻǷֵѡҶЦЦ
飬ʵҶӦϹܿҲνֻתһ룬ΪʲôӦأ߶ֳ˴󶯾ڹٳһȻúܶҪĴڶ
ҲԸһ˳е飬ԾҪһʾǼô˶Դ˱ʾΪȨеףҲ㲻ͷˡ
;ʵɣʡҹζࡣľݻҪЩʵµģԾʹߴҶ
ţҾټ˿ᣬѡַĹҶͷش


962 ¶
Ҷȥ֮ȸϹܿ˵绰˵¶治ȷԡ
ȷԣʲô˼ϹܿȻǴˣǳڹ⣬ڹڹٳϵִǸȷʵе㲻ףҶĻ󣬲Ҫһ䡣
˼˵ûȷԣҲûȷͬϳֹ̬ȡҶЦŽ͵
ˣһֲεϹܿ̾ˣɵƲƲ
ڵعٳϵЩϹܿеЩģ֧־֧֣ԾǷԣƫƫֳ˵ֲ֡ԣʱתΪֵ֧ķԣʱתΪԵ֧֡
ôһĻΣҶܹȵڲ֮ˡ
Ϲܿ룬ڸһۣ޳ܡ
һٿһ쵼μӵĻ飬ѡַ⣬¶ȥҶϹܿ˵ȻȥǣЩҪһˡ
ϹܿʱΪ֮һ
һԼӦ鶼ʵĻҶȻҲҪֳŵΪϹĻعͨˡ
ϹܿعϹһع飬Ѿһˣʱǿһ˿⡣
òϣҶҪռˣȴֶϹһع֮¾Զ֮ԭȻ˵ôΪ˴ѣҶڷſ˿ӡ
ѡһҲûҶȻµˡϹܿ治ɵЩп˵Լ˽⵽Ҷ֮󣬾ͶȻϧɫ๴ڿûа׷ѹ
ֻϹܿҲеźôõʱ䣬ȻûаҶ֣ŪԼҲ˻ɣ֪ǳʲôԭ򣬲ŻҶܹѵ˵ҶǷ治У
ǸǵϢҶΧЩƯŮǣгǣƺܹ˵ȡ⡣
²͸Ϲܿ˵绰̾˿
Ҷվڰ칫ҵشǰ棬һֻڸڵϵ߰軨ݲݽˮ
ʵҶûϰߣֻ˶ɽ֮߶ܶ࣬ƷҲί߶˺ܶ࣬ʱ򣬾˼Ҷİ칫档
Ҷͦ۵ģҲûзԸ˰ߣһ°칫ҵˣӦŪЩݲݣû¶ʱҲСˮСЩһ
壬˶ɽ߶֮ҶҲԼ쵼ʣ˵ִ֮ݵǵ
Ͼ̫СճУҪעⷽ飬ֵøӳһЩŴ緽ҲҪװƫһЩĻǰһѧһ϶Էڵġ
뵽Ҷ뵽˵ıࡣ
ʮʱܹʼġ
λʱԪƵۣġ
౻ȥԮߣΪһ²٣ĻԻͱ￪ʼ
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³Ҳôأγι߼½춼
ͨʿ䵽ʹǵһˣȫǵ䡣
಻սۣñΪ˽ƷҲǷǳõģ佫ѵãջ¼󱻱ƶա
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ҶҲеСģ˵Լôͳͷأʱ᲻ҲǳôһǷӹ˶ʰ
ΪԼļɽڹⶼӴľ֧ǲõĻᱻ˸ˣνǽɹ˿ء
쵼ʯصسƽ绰˵Ǽ˳¶ˣҶȻ˹ŵضҶ˵
ʲôҶˣɵһ¡
˵ļ飬Ȼũҵļ飬ҲǸѲԱţɽļɲмӵԱ
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ũҵļ;ʱıг̣ȥʯؿǷһЩֵƹľʲôģҲ֮á
ţɽ͸ʯصسƽ˵绰˵Ҫȥ
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˵𣿣ҶǷǳĵġ
ʡũҵļڶɽоڷ˳Ҳ˵ԭΣֻͺͷʹˣһʡµĻ϶Щǻеģͱ˵ҶΪгϿ϶޹⣬û׼Ҫ˳Թ
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ѾҽԺˣⲻ󣬾ţ鳤ͣ߹Ƕвȷü֪֮ʯسƽҲơ
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Ѿˣ϶ҲǳҪôģûʲôϵЩⶼҪ̸ģĻʡһ߶һ֪Ҫѵġ
ҽԺ𣿲еĻרҸϹȥҶ̾жһҪȷԱȫҪȫһЩһᾡϹȥġ
ǣҶгģһȥƽҲڵ绰б˾ġ
ҲҪֵ飬һҪʱҶֶƽԸ
ʯǱ߶Ĺ·ϻǲģܹѳ˵·ãĻУٿˣ¹ʵĿҲһЩ
Ȼ˵ҶηģǾԲԵ޹ʵģԵ¹ԭͬǳҪҲǶԼ¶Ľ
ǣؾѾԱˣռԱڶס·ڣԹŲ飬һҪ߸ҳƽڵ绰б̬
ߣҶˣʱһ㶣ʱŷӦԭĳӳ¶ȻΪ³Եʰ
ôһɾе鷳ˡ


963 ݰٷʯ
ߣҶˣʱһ㶣ʱŷӦԭĳӳ¶ȻΪ³Եʰ
ôһɾе鷳ˡ
˵ǼԼĳӳ⣬ôĹϵȻ󣬿һ˵³ڣô͵úúõ׷һˡ
һ񳵣ţ鳤ǳһµϳײһ߶෭ԷˡƽҶ͵
ʯصˣѰ³ܵȫˡ
ʵ¶ҲýΪ˵ʯأɽ棬Ҳûм񳵣Ŀ겻ֻ̫ҪϣŲһ¾ˡ
Ҷ˵绰֮󣬾绰ίг˽ѣоֵ֣һ¡
쵼Ҫų𣿡ʵ
ţھȥʯأҽԺǱ߶Ҳ׼һ£Щ˹ȥһҪȷһʧҶͷ˵¶Ƕࡣ
ҲԹҶԹɽе¶ȷʵȽ϶һЩ˲˻ҪѹмЩͬǣҲǸĻиС̡
Ȼ˵ľ˶ɽгίǣҶһ¶ƫƫг÷ȴһأɽеλȻǷǳӡ
ҶĳӺܿͳˣӵʱ򣬾͸ϵ·ص㷽ʯء
ûȥίֱӾͰѳҽԺ߶˵ʡũҵѲԱţɽˡ
ίǼͳƺسƽҪ쵼ˣô飬ЩһҲܲҽԺ߶Ϣ˵ļԱ
Ҷгá
Ҷгá
˷׷ʺãҶһһ֣ϵûʲô˵顣
ʯصίǼͳƣʮͷӣȥԵðװֵģҶõϢ˵ͳƱȽƣʯصĴҪسƽŵġ
ڷʯصİΣҶǷǳģֻҪܰѹˣʲôǿĶǴҪġ
ϼͣţ鳤سˣҶһͿѯʵ
Ŀǰ棬Ҫһ˿ڣ߹ǵҲأ̶ԷϹǴɴѪĻ鷳ˡͳ̾ͻش
ΣҶʵ
Ƥˣ¶ͳƻش
Ҷ֮󣬵˵ͷ¶ֻһĸˣţɽأͣӹǿ϶ʱ򣬷ӦҲȽϳٶۣȻȽء
˴ӵҶҽԺ¥֢
ˣʱûд󰭵Ķҵ棬ʱҶ֣ʱΧ˹˵˱ײ˵顣
ҶгһҪţ鳤һǱ˹ײ˵ģ
ǿҶɲķݶϣһôᣬ⼸Ҳ˵ôͲҪҪץסˡ
¶ץؾֺоֶѾˣźܹܿ׽ù鰸ҷġҶ֣رʾ
˵֮䣬ҵĵˡ
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ãѾˣûˣѾȶˣֻҪʲôӦþûˡʿȻʶҶȴϵίǼͳƺسƽλﶼڳ滹Щŵġ
֮һ
ʱƽͱƳˣʱҩЧ֮Уš
ͷ䱾ʹˣôɫһƬ԰ףûһѪɫͦĵġ
ҽԺ֮ҶѯʾĽչ
ϸŲ֮УǶɽоڣһжʮ񳵣һŲ顣ƽ߶ķʯؾֳָСͻش
᲻سɵģҶһ⡣
سµĻ鷳ʹˣŲ鹤ø㣬
ǵģȻͬ־ûпƺţǰıȴˣǶɽеĳСС̾ͱʾ
Ȼ˵سµĻɽеλƵһμ˿úȷʵǶɽеĳ£ԾԴҲҵģҪϸ̲飬콫߸ҳĻ޷߽
ţһ£ץȡһЩưҶ֮󣬾͹
ҶгȥдϢһ°ɣίǼͳƾ˵
Ҷ룬͵˵ͷһ·ϹȻںƣɽ·ȻϢһҲǺõģ˳Ҳ˽һ·ʯصˮֲص顣
ǰȻҶҲȡƽĻ㱨ЩϾֽϵĶ߿ͷϵĶ˷ʯأȻҪ߿߶
ϣʯص쵼ȷʵֳֵԼذɡ
ǲҪˣ߿Ҷ˰֣Էʯص˵
ⲻðɣͳƺƽһۣеġ
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˿ˣ֪ҶˣҲ˵ʲôֻƽԵؾֳָСʹ˸ɫ
С̾سƽ˼תͷͰ˼£ԶԶҶΧţʡûᷢʲô顣
ҶŽֵ˹ȥʱ̫ƫһЩ߲ôˣżǺ⣬̯ʡũҵ¶Ҷ飬ƻǳõģǴʱôͲôˡ
ҶļȴɢˣΧչ˲״̬
ʱڽֵ߶һЩæµţͲȻһЩװЬӣ߸Ʒ棬ưʲôУҲ֧տ̯ӣںΰʣ׼ſš
ҪҹаҶ֮󣬾ЩȤ˵
ҹԽԽձˣļܶиԣʱˣԽҪ׬ǮãҹоӦ˶ˡ
ǶһЩϰ˵ûʱгô֮ʱ䣬ֲȱݣҹҹзǳܻӭһ
ҹҲֵ֧ģϾǻԾг٣ֻ˰շ棬϶ҪһЩصģĹҲܵһӰ졣
ǺܶطѾʼǹ淶飬˵רŵĳڿҹеȵȡ
ҶſţͷǰиųͷСӣ֮䳶ŵ˿棬һͻҪԼƷ
߹ȥ˿ֹȻֻͻǾʵǶԼģ
ǺǣǰѧģԼƷôûܿϵģһٿǮһһɱѡͷСЦЦ
ľɫŲҶָһϴɽˮݵͻЩȤʵ
ɽǱ߶ǵطߣһû˹ȥɫǼõģǱˣԾܵдȥˡСڻش
Ҷ˵ͷҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͷԵӣɫһƬأƺҪ˵


964 ˵ķ
ľɫŲҶָһϴɽˮݵͻЩȤʵ
ɽǱ߶ǵطߣһû˹ȥɫǼõģǱˣԾܵдȥˡСڻش
Ҷ˵ͷҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͷԵӣɫһƬأƺҪ˵
ţҶеЩ֣ɵþͷһۡ
滭ģڻҶһ߶˵
ŶڻǲǴҶ֮󣬾˵һ䡣
ܿ죬ҶͷӦˡ
Сӵͻʵдģ滭ȴڻȻƯҶֿǷһۣͷɽҰڻȷʵеĶǵĸо
ɵõһ찡ѵ˵ɽ棬ֵĶڻ
¶Ƿİ
һݱֲڶͷ棬һǰɫۺɫϺɫµ¼䣬µ¼䡣
ǧǰϵذڳΪֲΪĴ衣
ŰҲڵӤҹ֢ҩʫ˺֮Ϊǲݡ
ȡƷҪƷԴֲӦ׳񫣬жΣ彡ΪѶʹ飬ſ²ΪƷֲ
ڶֲϼӿƵģҩÿ⣬һɽֲֹ
ڶɽоڣûйٷɵֲ԰
ʶ֮ҶеסˣǴ¶
Ƕʲôʱ򻭵ģɫǲڻܿõ𣿡Ҷ룬ʹյС߶ѯʹľΡ
ǰġСЦЦӦûлɣǱ߶ߣɽԽıȽѣţ·һҹ˾ռˣͨУֻܷɽȥԱȽѣҲǳȥдֵⷢġ
ǰҶ֮ˡ
濴ֲǳ㷺˵ɽҰǣӦûոʱԣֻҪǶѸ٣ӦÿԽǷֲظġ
ҶҲеɣʯشôӴֲأô˻һ֪أ
ˡҶָָС˵
һЩҲ˲ٹҪĻһɣСһ£ͶҶ˵
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һѧдƷһȷʵеˣǷʯ߶һͨ˴µ롣
ҶȻЩ⣬ͳųƱݸСӣȻ˵ǮˡȥǱ߶ָ֪ܹһ·
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Ҷֿ˿СӵƷֲûиڻйصģ̵뿪ʱ̯ǰ߹ȥ
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Ҷǰ˼һ̯ӣȻг׳׵ɵЩ⡣
פۿ滹ͦȫģ⣬ǮҲ
׵֮гϵļֵǺܲģֻҶҲǮˣָһ°̯ͷ˵˵ղؼֵʲôģͷ֮󣬺ܸȤҲܸлṩϢ
Ҷڵ̯˸һ˰ڳĳľʮصӣ˵ǹŶҲûлǮ
ȻǼ˾һҸհڳõտ̯ҪЩơƣ̲ʲôġ
ϰ壬¿գ鷳ʮҶϰ˵
ϡϰͦ˵ģô⿪ţ
֮ҶͶ˵оڻ飬еΣûڱ
ӵͼǵطȷʵеƫƧˣû˷Ҳġش
Сṩŵͼ滭úʹɽ棬ҪڴѾ˸ռˣԵҲûȥ￴
СҪдɽԽؽ˹ĻûʲôܷǱ߶쳣
ϧǣ˶ڻʲôӵģ֮٣ԼСӽͻ棬Ҳû뵽ⶫȻǼӹƷԭϡ
·ģҲûʶһ㡣
ҪһϳⶫľԹҪˡ
ʢĹ˾ҶָŵͼעһͼΣ˵
Сһѵ˵
šҶ˵ͷȻѾ뵽һȥˡ
Ҷ;еֻ֣ΪըɽȡʯĻȫûбҪʯŸɵģûбҪȥΧίǺسʲôģôĻͶͲɱұ״
ԣҶһֱɣʢĹ˾ڷʯʲôӺĵġ
˵ֲʵôһоͶ˺Ľ͡
ʢĹ˾ģֲڣԴΪԭϽжƷӹΪˮֲؼƻӰ쵽ֲǲŻ¶ˣͼƻ̥С
ֻû뵽Ҷ߶ķӦǱȽϼҵģֱӾ˷ʯؾֵľֳСɽøг˽ָӣԲûǵıóѡ
Ǿһ֮󣬷ʯصˮֲƻܵһӰ죬鿴ҪƳٽˡ
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ôһƬطôڲôӴĺɫ룬ΪʲôǸڸʯص쵼ӽаˣȫǾ޶ڱƶš
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Ҷ˵ͷͻȻһʱҪҹУҲῴûпȻҲû뵽ʯ棬ȻôӴһֲأ뵽ɽеĶԴڷʯء
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ǲô˵ʢĹ˾϶ģҪС
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ʯؾ־Ͳ˵ˣֳСɽҶˣؾҳһ࣬û˳ϵҶҲЩˣϾΪͷߣïʢĹ˾֮϶ЩϸģֵΡ
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İͿˣòŶ¡Ҷ˵ҵĳίҲ永Ͼп漰ʡһ鳤߻һЩԱӰܴһ©˷ͱñˡ
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Ϊ˱ҶȻ˵侯ӣԾֻѰˣֻҪ˵ùȥͿˣûбҪô档
Ĵгӹɷǳ㡣
ھ֪ͨȥ𣿡ľʵ
ǵòţ֪ͨͿˡҶúʱ֪ͨһɫˣǾһϵļϢ©ȥǱ߶ķʢĹ˾˻ɡ
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ȵǴӶɽǱ߶ϹҲϾŵ֮ǰģͣɱǱ߶ֱӽɽȥ֤Ǳ߶ֲأͺܺʡ
ڴ֮ǰҶȻҪȸһ飬Ǿ棬ǷһСӻģӴֲأ
˼侯˸յĻľݺҶ϶ÿһ⵽ίʡһЩͷǵķˣ˵ǰ¶׶侯Ӱ¶ȴʲôûеõǶķ񶨰
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ٷĺˣһδҰеװϡһԱ֤
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СȻ˯ţǲû·˳ȴǿҶһԽҰڷǴŶġ
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Ȼ˵ԼǴ濪˳ȥСûлʲôҶСȻЩɵģˣ϶ǲܹΪʯؾֵ¾ֳ
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üһǰ۾ɵЩֱˡ
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٣ɻǲݣҶ龰Ҳɵһ䡣


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٣ɻǲݣҶ龰Ҳɵһ䡣
ⶫʵǺ׳ɻģԶׯҪ׵ö࣬һѶȥʱȻͻƬƬسҲô
˵ĻҲôһƬɽ棬ڻ
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СľӦһھ֪ͨ侯棬̳
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Ҷˣǵ˵ͷ˵е
ϾǽǣF16սܿ߶һЩ56ʽԶǹѾܾˡ
ȻˣҲųлһЩȽĿԣ̫ܲࡣ
˵ʱ򣬸ʾԶԶɽ۲졣
Ӹ£ǿúһӣʾ˹٣õĹȻ56ʽԶǹ
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٣56ʽԶһҲ󡣡˵
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ʽԶǹǹʮSKSǹģȱȽϸߣʱһ½ĵþǣ2֧56ʽԶǹAK2֧56ʽûǹRPD7֧56ʽԶǹ
ںܳһʱȫԱΪָ˼룬ǿǿͳǹãԣսʿ䱸56ԶǹΪ
ĶӡսҪǲ56ʽԶǹЧǳӡȷӢװȫѹסˡ
Ӱʮ56ʽװ𲽱81ʽȡ˳һ߲ӣֻ56Ϊ̶ӵǹоһЩѵԺУҲԿ56ʽӰ
ͬʱ56ԶǹҲгڣܴĳòǹ䱻ΪSKS
ԭˡҶԭһֱΪԽԽĽ֮󣬲ײô¶
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Ҷ˵ͷʵڻ汧ŵģͲǹĳǹ
Ҳʲô飬ҲԺгʲôϵ廹Ǵӹ⴫ء
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ʱʶľݺҶְǸǴʲôг飬ǳ䲻⣬Ҫ̾ڷʯĶǶˡ
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ţܺãעƺþ棬Ҷͷ˵Ҳ߸ˣ˾÷£ͷɽϽɽǣҿˣҪԼ˵顣
ף׳ģι̾ͱ֤
˵绰֮Ҷ˿ʱ䣬գϰ˵ʮӡ
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һȣʹ߶ɽͷϿʼ
Ȼ˵ɽɽѣǶЩѵص˶ԣɽʲôѵ飬ֻҪǰպý࣬ؾͬСɽһݡ
һ߸ˣгųǹɽ֮ıҲһӵӣµɽ档
ʱҲɽ洫˵ȻѳԷ
٣ʱ򣬵ǸϵɡҶ̾Ц
ȻǳԷʱľҲήͣʱ֣һʧ
߸è˴ƬڻԣѸٵһľݳ˹ȥ뻹аҵʱ򣬾˵һǹ촫
ȴѾ˴Ŵ侯ǣʢĹ˾ľǹս


967 Χ
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54ʽǹҲǷʽģװԺ󣬲μ˶ӡսͶԽս
˵54ʽǹܹЩӻµսҪ̲͸ǿ25׾䴩3׺ĸְ塢10׺ľ塢6׺שǽ35׺㣬50ڵľܹӦսҪڴǹԷһǹɥ
Ҫǣ54ʽǹṹ򵥣۸ˣʮӴ󣬲ǧ֧ʧҲܶࡣ
ǶɣǷӣϲִǹ󣬶ƽʱĿҲ𻵣ֻż׿Ƕѡ
ʲôѵǾ죿Ͱǹ˲򿪡
ǹܼԷѾӴųˣ˻ش
ʵϣ£Ҷеţ˵ϲ鿴Էʲôͷ
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ʱ򣬻ϷʢĹ˾˶ܳˣǹӵľмʮˡ
ܳ侯ˣһˮĳǹǰںš
ǴսĻԶϳǹһƶûУ56ʽԶƾھȷȸһЩص϶ǴƵģĺ棬ԷԶҪһЩڿս
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˲˲ùʱͽ⼸Ӵ˻棬Ȼ󽫳µ°ԵöЩĹҵġ
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ˮĿȴ׶һ塢ңͨȥҲֻ¶Դѣȣʺ䡣
ۡüӵӴ˹ȥȴΪһ˸ô״õһӾʧȥ١
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ܳҶû뵽ɵһ䡣
Ҳûţ̴ժȥ˱գһѹǰ˳ȥ
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ʾ˸ϸߵݶſ˾ѻǹרųӴ¶Ŀ꣬ܶ඾ǵװӣͻȻ֮һǹͷŪĻ̻̣ս
ڳʮ֮󣬾ҲûվŵĶˡ
ȵ侯ֲظ֮󣬴ʤʦˡ
Ҷгã侯ĺιУҶ̾͸˸
УãΣҶ˵ͷѯʵ
ιУףҶ϶ȥĶǵʵԼ߶
ڴʱսʿˣˣм΢ˣֱ߱ʲôģֻһǴ֮󣬱Է׸ըģѾˣҪ͵ҽԺȥΡιУԼ߶Ҷ򵥵ػ㱨һ¡
ţҽԺľȻѾˣܹ̾õΡ¶ҶһͰź˵ģսеʲô̶ȣȻһҪġ
̫ˣι̴֮ϲ
Ļ˵ǵλը˵սʿŲסʱҶѾź˾Ȼɵһ
Ҫ֪ܹûսʿǰ£һսǺܴġ
һشôݹͿ϶ҪһЩ˵ģֻԼ棬еЩΣϾսˡ
ȻûмӣȻͿˣõܽ˵սʿ̧ߡ
Ҷս
һսжǵװʮˣʮˣ˱ɽֲڵĹˡ
⣬ɽ淢˶Էļ׷дŵƶ豸ֱӽ֭Һӹɺĳ豸мԱʮˡ
ѾƺõĺƷ๫гɶֵըҩʽǹ֧һ֧ҩ򷢡
һεջ񣬿˵ɽеʷϣӶʡʷϣƵǿǰġ
ιУЩսƷ֮۾еֱˣľɹʱ滹еִģ֪Щ쵼Ǹʲôã߶֪ΪҶˣҪǹæҪɨġ
֮ŷЩǹȻǿûа취ȵ֮ͷ֣ЩˣȻֲڣ
ںˣһݶĹͰǰ
ȻΪ쵼ҶľȻйͣһսĹͣҪҪ侯ģΪսָӹٵĺιУġ
һսĹͣһѾǰ϶飬һпõһȹ߼һȹ
Ļᣬ֮ס
ǵĸ˭Ҷ΢ϢһСͿʼЩ²ǡ
үѾˡ˻ش
Լܵ飬Щ˵ҲܴȻûΪʲô
ˣҶ˶ʱһ㶣˵ǶôѸײڶôܵõأ
̾뵽ڻˮǸһ


969 йˣ
ˣҶ˶ʱһ㶣˵ǶôѸײڶôܵõأ
̾뵽ڻˮǸһ
ʾ˹ȥǼһӳˮ̳Ҷһ֣Ըʾ˵
סʾͷ˾ˡ
ܲĸҶֿ˿Щˣʵ
ʮ²װӣʱһˮ˫ֱͷڵϣжʮ侯ǹţȻǲҶ
ҶʻǶû
ڵе˭Ҳʲôط⣬˵Ϊ
Ҷһû˴Ӧ̾ˣһӣУ߶ʼ˵ģͳͳȥͻͻˣ
Ҷге׵ɣιУûзӦЩΪѵ˵ϾսУɱ˵ġ
Դװӣͻͻ˱ȽʡģҲǸ˾ŵͬ־ˡҶһ
ҲܴӦȻ쵼ҲܹιУʾ
Ȼ˵ҶǴг쵼ȷʵϹأҪսʱ˶ԷȻֺǵùڷ²˶Էְ֮Ǹǹɱ˵ĻǾͺܳˣֱӽͶ·ͥѶȻ󴦾ҲǺˮ顣
˺ιУô˵ǲҴӦҶҪģվһ߶̬Ⱥܼ
ͽ쵼ȻǺҪ飬ǺιֱֲܵģȻûΪ˰ͽ쵼ͰԼˡ
ڵϵװˣҲе֪λϷأִ
ʱվҶ߶ͳһʲô֤ӵ˺ιУǰ
ιУЩɻؿǸӣ˿һۣ̾ͱЩȻһ𾪵ı飬ͱ˷ǳᶨ׳ָʾ
ţҶгҪȥ졣Լıӣ΢΢׵
ȻָʾоֵļȴͣҲУľΣоֺϵ߶Ϲϵȴֱֲӹ߶ܣλ⣬˵λȨأôһ֮£ͰѺιУһ
ΪģֻΪСӣԵһ֧µľӳЭǰ참ˡ
žͼιУҶг˵İ죬ͳͳȥǹУӺ治ˮ𣿾Ǳ߶֣
ǣֵµսʿǿɲôࡣ
µǾִеģڻսʱǲݷġ
¾ߴڵϵЩˣ׷ĸǲ
žͿѾͷҪЩϳȥˮǰǹˡ
ҽҽ̾˻ˣغġ
Ҷ˵ͷιУŰ֣ʾʱͣ
ղѾǸˣ·ǸǡиָڵϵһߴŻ·ʬ壬Щ˵
ˣҶҲһ£˿ǸùЩɣҲеź˵һڿǹ翹
ҪΪԭһԱҲھͱ˴ɡ
˵ֵطɲģһϰĸĸԣҲȻ顣
ʵʵؽǵ⣬ȡȻĻǾ·һˡҶ˿Щˣ˵һ䣬Ȼת˳ȥ
Ŷ֮Ҷһ
һΣôһƶȷأɽǺӶʡԣ嶼ޱȾ޴ġ
ҪǣѾԶԷʢĹ˾ˡ
ʱڳˮ棬оԼͿˡ
ҶըأֱʾȣϻĲ᲻ص˿ڣʱѪеԼ֮Ѿʧòˡ
ڳˮ棬۾գ̫ûȫǿеľɫѾ÷ǳһƲʴɽȵϿƮȥеЩʧ
ߣٹСʱͻΪʧѪ࣬׻ԹȥȻˮ档
еᣬȻ˵̤˶·֮󣬾֪Լôһ죬µͷˣǻеòİ
ҪѪͷʱ򣬺ҵһأƺҲôһ壬ˮ棬һ֪ܿͻóһѹͷĽ֣ĸ뷨̫ˡ
ϧǣԴް취Ҳûжֻ׶ˮϿյշ
ĵĥԼʲôʱʱ򣬾ͿԼĶ棬¿ţžͿȥ
ţӵ˵棬ƺƵֲ̧صӪǱ߶
ʻᡣ
һȺ˶Ӧţ׷˵ϰ߸ˣжƷֲԼۡ
֮ɽĶɡ
˲ϣ˾ٱˣҪ
ҶڵϵȤǺ㣬֪˵ı󣬾վĸˣ˵Щˣ
ܹڷʯؽôһֲأԷʵǿġ
뵽ʢĹ˾ȻҳΧ쵼ҶɵЩˣŻжأ
ʾ̴Ϸ˷ҵ˱˲ᣬݸҶ
ͦḻġҶ˷˲ᣬЩ˵
Ȼ˵˲沢ûк׵дƳɵĶƷ۷򣬵һϵʽ;׼֣Ҷ뵽ӶʡǸʡ棬һģǳӴĵ·֯
ϰٸϵʽ棬ÿĳϡ
ҶղҲشѻƬĵطܴ󣬴ܶ࣬ҲѾƳ˺Ķǳ֮Ϊ4š
ڹʵİɫҺ壬ԺѻƬ
ڱǶƷѻƬƷԭϣѻƬĻȡͨСڵỮƣѼİɫ֭ҺȻ䱩¶ڿС
ãЩɫ֭Һ𽥸󣬱ɺɫЩƷֳɫȻɽЩƳԲ״״ש״ڸ࣬νѻƬ
ʲôҪ˵ĻҶ˲ύȻѯʵ
ұɣ˵棿ڵǿÿ̬Ҳӣһһжν̬ȡ
ʵ⣬ȡش֣ҲδؾͻҶһº˵
飬ʵҲǵúܹҧһȺôһ·Ҳδɡ
ҲкܶұˣܿһšҶ˵
ܱ㲻Ҷ˵
㲻УгҲסҡЩؿҶ˵
˳ȥҶһ£˵˳ȥȻŶ˵үүҶǬҶүүҶҸҶƽǼھһгίίԱһѵίұס𣿡
ЩؿҶͣһӲЩп˵ֲô͵гˣ


970 ǣ
ǺܹȻ˵ΪʧѪ࣬ЩͷĿѣҶ˸֮󣬾Ͳһ֪飬ͳͳҶ˳
һһСʱ¼¼˵ݣ¼Ȼ˲̶ӡ
֪飬ЩˡΪʧѪɵЩɿݲ԰׵촽вʵ˵Щ˶ԣҲǰ̨СѣҲһĽɫ
Ҷ֮󣬵Ҳеȣû뵽ò˵ķʢĹ˾ı󣬾Ȼôڰϵ
ΪʯشˮֲصļƻӰ쵽ǵֲأҲᱻ˷֡
ϾҶͣû¶ĻҲʯػεȻͲῴСͻϵͼȻҲûлᷢ滭ľȻڻ
ڤڤ֮УжҶе⻰ˡ
㲻ǹʹߡҶ˵һε飬ҲҪжʮϵҪ˸Ĵۡ
һҲԩ˵
ΪģӴһƶȷأÿĶƷ˵һ൱ӴֱӰ쵽ܱߺüʡУЩˣ˽Իɱ
棬ļҪһ˰ɡҶ룬ֶ˵һ䡣
һ˵֤ʣжȣֵȶģȻ˵ṩϢҶʶ·ŵʽΪ֤ʵĻһ˵ĻȻеƵϾҧÿһˣӵ൱
ԣҶҪ֤֤ʣԱĺ
УȰȰǡϣԵ÷ǳϡ
ûã͵ʮ˵֣ȻǺ˵
÷ǳ˳û˾ͶˣҪȡ
Ҷ˿ʮӡ
УսʿǳԵɡҶԺι˵
ǡιУ˵ͷȻͿʼ
ֲ߶Ĺֳɵģֲ϶Уʮսʿʼˢмʮֲ˹æǳ֡
Ҷιȼ˴յһʼְ߶顣
ֲǱ뱻ģΪڹʵеѾʼˣʱϷأʡ˻ոҪ֪ûʧȥһڸ࣬ΪƷȥΣܶ˵Ľ
ǲ˷֮Ҷ͸ľݴ˵绰߶彲˽
ҪЩʲôľҶĽ֮Ҳеľĸо
ôһֲأҿҶֵ磬ȥĻԺ·ľݺҶҲܴܵӰģ֮ͷֲҽ⣬õһֽ
̵оֵȫʢĹ˾ץ䷨˴͹ɶǣͬʱʵǵ磬һ߲ʾԱЭץҶľ˵
µҶѾȫŵطܹˡ
ʵҲطϵľǣܶ˶ЩᣬûǵϻĬôһ¶Ʒ磬Ͳܴڡ
ԣƿЩطҲǱġ
ã̰ŵ˸г顣ľ֮󣬵ͷӦȻʵܹȥ𣿡
ԣͬһɣȫһЩҶش
ʱľݾŶʮȫװؾ߶
Ҷӭ˽鿴ֲص
ȷʵǺľɫľݿЩɫڻʱҲɵ̾Ϊֹ
Ⱥ֮УҶ־һڻùľݿԽǳĶԽӵջĵ
û뵽ɽоȻôһطã޷ġľЩпؽӹǶڻתš
ȷʵˡҶͷһ㡣
˾ͲιĶƷߡ
һƷļԱ侯ļල£ǽ
ѻƬ֮֡ѻƬĻȡͨصСڵỮƣѼɫ֭¶ڿУã֭ɺɫЩƷʺɫƳԲ״״ש״Աеսսض˽ܵѻƬһ࣬򱣳ճԣǿеġŻζеζ¾ɵζζܿࡣΪʪͨòֽֽװ
ҶƷһʹѻƬһʹѻƬϱȽһ£󣬹ȻЩͬ
ʵѻƬѻƬͷͺƳ״Ƭ״״⻬УɫɫͨװڱֽС
ʳʱѻƬɷǿҵζԱ˵ѻƬ߰ѻƬССڻϿǹ̹Ȼת̹׼磬ʳȼղ̡
ľˣЩȤѯʵѻƬҪþͻ񫣿
һ˵һĹϵԱشһ˵һ񫲻ÿʮʮΣ̹ÿΡǰձʳһ³һСѻƬ裬ѻƬˮУעҺЩ߻ѻƬȼպĲԱȱʱʹá
ǴѻƬȡģľʵ
ǵģǰϳɵѻƬ඾ƷһʷĺҲ˵İ׷ۣҪԽǣеۡǣ԰ͻ˹̹ƷɫȺʹȡ¾ڲءԱ͵ɫ̩ȴְ׵ۣɫĻ򵭺ɫǡͻ˹̹ʡ;ʹȲֳַͬ2š3š4ź򡣡
Ȼôིרҵ޴ڰľˣЩп
2ź״ש飬ʵҺɫֻޣʱֻƳữٲ450ĿȼƳֺΪͽס
3źһɫɫ״ʣɫǿ顣ȡмʿݹа˾ƥ֡ȼԭϡɫǿ麬3050ʳ
ʹʱ棬ڵ¼£ʹ֮ʣ߿ֽͲԲʿʣˮ
˵ʳѻƬǿʮ
4źǴȾģữȻᴿףΪϸİɫĩ
4źʱת˺ü֣ÿνǰںмǡʯۡɿɷ۵ȣĿۼۣȡԱ˵ôһʹԭȸߴ90ĺʹʱͣע뾲ĺ䴿Ƚ45߳ʽ⣬ͨƤעע4źҲܳ
ֲ÷Ǳľˣ˵ôһ䡣


971 ֵɽ
ֲ÷Ǳľˣ˵ôһ䡣
ǰʱľһֱ㲻ףΪʲô˵ƷھóףΪֲûʲôѶȣƷҲʲô߼ĹǺıʵնսڼͺϳɳĴƷ
˵һŵĻֻҪԭϣԼҳ棬ȫܹȡ
ƫƫֶȴĿľݸеЩ⡣
ô˵أҶͷЩѾ֮еѻƬľ˵ʵƷɱ̸߶٣ֻƶȷΥģڹڣҲΥģֲҲϸƵģԲŻЧϾԽΥ飬ԽͻԽߡ
ʯصƶȷأӶʡͶƷҲһֲƷԶˣ˵۵̨ԼǣձҲǵҵ
ֻ·ǱȽ۵ģһԣӷʯصмҲתߵ֮󣬲ܹƷǱ߶ȥ
ʵˬˣֱԪҲǳڴҵҶľݽߵǸԱ˿ƺǺֹһ䡣
ƨĳڴ㣬ѵ˵ǻ˰˲ɣҶһ⻰ʱˡ
˵ĵҲûȷʵĶƷѹһԪܱⲻ˶Ʒ֣Ҳ˱ʾÿһԪ棬ܹ΢ĶƷ
Ѿϰй㷺ʹпÿȣԺٻЯֽŶһЯŶͺװΪͬϵһ
˵ķģһҪ׶ǱܲģԽս
ҶǵãƺһӰһɷҵľԽսڼ䣬ͨվӽ˽
뿪˽ǵڵضԽǵӰӴԽǵĶƷڴʷˮƽ
ȥ򰢸̾ͳΪĺӦء
ʱִڼ䣬˹̹涨Ͻ˰ֲ
ǣԷɽ밢ȴָʩܲпᣬ˵
ȻΪ׵ˣûи˵ΪũṩӸԣֶΣǣܿذĺʷ߼¼Լǧ֣ռȫ纣ľųҡ
࣬תֺ֧Ϊûİũıͬʱͨóף׬ȡֿľѣͬʱͨۺͨϣʵʩ
ⶼѭԩԩ౨ʱˣҶ뵽һЩϵҲúҡ
ź߶֮Ҷ͸ľһضɽС
˵߶ֲأ侯أ˾½ľߣұδߣֱӻе
Ҳûа취飬Ͼ߶ӵľȻеԶǾһεܻ֮з©ȥôһ˴߶ڵ⣬ֲصĻɴԭϵʧ
ôҶҪˡ
·ʯصʱ򣬾ͽӵ˳ίгֳ˽ѵĵ绰˵ڷʯغͶɽͬʱչĿжѾ˳ɣʱʢĹ˾ҪԱѾƿ֮УȻѯʴʽ
ضɽкˣпһεİҪϲ飬һҲܷŹκ˵˵鶼ûãڰ֮ǰҺίľ˵ǩܹЩ˲ȡһĶҶȷرԼ̬ȡ
ǣ̵ɵָ˰˽̻֮ش
ʯ߶ֲص飬˽Ҳ֪ˣһû뵽ʢĹ˾Ȼôֱʣû뵽ǾȻһҰƶȷ涾ҵ
ֻľݺҶٴһ֪ǣжˡ
Ŀǰͷȴ£һҪԶţԲܳκ©Ҷĵ˽Ѳӣûʶԣǿһ㣬Ҫ֪Ѿ㱨˴£ܿӾҪ벿Ž֣ڴ֮ǰݲа
ǣף˽̱̬סȥֱΪֹ
ãˡҶԴ˱ʾ⡣
Ϊ˰ȫҲǵĵ˽סӣǰһʿȥо֣Э˽Ѵ¡
ʡѹ˽ѶסĻôǵоݣܹˡ
ϾֱӹҶϽģ˵ӶҪ
Ҷ˵绰֮󣬲Źûһӣȴġ
Сһεֵúܴ󰡣ǧ˸סˡҶ˵ѾʾҪ쵼ֲʵоܡרҲڽǰɽд¡
лˣ¶ֵģѹܴ󡣡Ҷʾ˸л֮˵˽֣Ҳǰֵɽӳȥˡ
ǶɽлСˮǳ˶࣬ʲô¶ϡ˵Ҳⷢ˾ɧ
ȻһεǺܴҲܹҶ붼кܴ𶯣Ϊһε̫ˣڵطϵǣҲܶ࣬永ĸɲҲеˣҶĳֵҲǺܸߵġ
һ֮󣬲ôҪһɲȥôҶȻҲ١
뵽Ѿ˶δɱҶҪôˣҲɵЩЦˣûмܱΣ֮еɲˣһЩʡɲǣҲûӣʱΣ֮С
Ҳûа취Ҫ¾ͻˣǶλΥΪҿ϶ǼһһԲҶȻҲеЩƣ־Ǽᶨģ̬Ҳȷġ
Ҷʡίɽ˻㱨
ж֮ǰҶѾɽй֪¶ģʱѾʵ˸ȻҪٸɽ˵һµġ
棬ȻҲҶһЩɷӣǶɽǶԣⲢҪҪڶɽѾɹɽ֮еֲأץƶȷװʮˣӶĹˡ
һ˲õľ󰸣
Ҷ˵Ѿֵʱɽǲû̫ҵķӦΪҲ֪Ҷϵѹֻ֣˰ǵ֮
Ļɽǽ֣ҲеǳͷۣΪһε永Ա̫ˣܻܿϰƼϸɲУߵĸɲ永
ϣͲýˣĿǰǺȷ
ʡίȫ֧ǶɽУɽڵ绰صضҶ˵ЩƶȷĲΪһ𣬴һ𣬾Ϣ永ĹְԱһһ


972 Ǻˣ
ɽǵĻ˵÷ǳ
ƶȷ飬ڵ̬ʼһģһ뵱ܵҪ̣Ϊ˻Ӣ˷˴̣ȻˣҲܹóʱľġ
ѻƬΣжǾͲ׸ˣΪһε϶ֶܹڣƷǱҪ顣
գӶʡһӪսʿפ˷ʯ𿴹Ƭֲ
ҲǺ飬Ȼ˵ǶƷԭϣͬʱҲǺܶҩԭϣ߶⣬ЩȴѾ죬ոˡ
ԱŷõԭոǱģ֮һѻˣ͸ɸɾˡ
ôһԭȱƵЩԱֲǣҲʱɺĹȻٽˣûʲôˣͿԷŻȥ
ͬʱҲפ˶ɽУԷʯֲԼʢĹ˾İӽе
ôһҶԼʡ¶ˣĹҲع졣
ʯصǼͳƺسƽ˫˫Ҷ̸ˮֲص顣
һΣͳƺƽԺöˣû˷ʢĹ˾¶ͼ򵥶ˣϰǶڴµ̬ȣǿп޵ģǾһƬɽܹĻ˭кô
ҶгϣԾģǰһΪԭѾ˲ʱˡƽȽϼС
ţǵ飬⡣Ҷ˵ͷʽǷѹ
ϣ֧һ¡ͳƿҶеڴ˵
ôһĿͶʽӦڵģʯؿ϶𣬶ũҲδؾ¶ԼǮ飬ʽȱʼһƲȥ⡣
ܽ⣬ôˮֲصĹģϲȥģϲȥޣޣͲܶԼӹ̹ɱȽϴѹҲûжȨ
Ը֮󣬴Ҿͷ֣Ĺؼ⣬ʽ档
ʱҲûʲôԣʽ֧ǡһҶҲеüͷ
ɽǮһЩǷܴ󣬶ʯǱ߶ʽȱҲСҶ֧̫ˣĻҲġ
һ¾˵ҿǿģʽӹ̺ũ֮аͶչԿüӹڷʯؽͶʸũˮֲȻ󽫳ƷչҶʡ¶ˣҲм价еĺͷá
Ҷг뷨Ǽõģֻӹ̲ҡسƽͱʾǰȻҲǹ飬ǿǵԼķøԲŴͷҪ˵ͶʽˮֲصĻѶȾ͸ˡ
𼱣Ͷ̺ܿˣǽҲȥˣϵʱȻǾȥ̸ĿҶ˰ֵ
ոմ绰˵ǽЩʱܵɽУźþƵꡣ
Ҷ֮ȻЩ˷ܵġ
Ȼ˵ľ˶ɽУ͹ϽҶ⣬ϾίǣĿҶҲеģ̫ӽˣ׳©Ҷеͷȣ˶Ǿñط꣬Ӧܹúһӡ
ǣڶɽеһЩչ⣬ڿŽһˡ
Ҫ֪ܱʲô˵ֽǷǳԣģ˳óʮڵʽһѹûС
ͳƺƽˣǷǳˡ
ǴʲôطŪʽ𣬶ǶԶǺõģǰһҲǹͶ룬Ҷ뷨һʯҲͬ⣬Ͷ̳֣õѡ
ΪɴҵΪѹСܶ࣬һ񣬺ֶΪأ
˵ؽܸ֮طϴ룬ǲö룬ֻҪһ£һ͵ˮҲƷۺϼӹｨ뵽жٺôˡ
һȻҶ˵ʡũҵǸ黹ڣ鳤ţҲҽԺסţǼȻյһȥһ°ɡ
Ӧõġ
Ҷг˵ǡ
ҶͶԸһ绰˻ˮʲôģһ˹ʮλֱҽԺǱ߶ȥˡ
ʡũҵļ鳤ţɽҲãۿŶҪݵˣڷʯس˳Ū߹Ƕ˺üҿûд࣬ǲеˡ
Ҷǹȥʱ򣬼ļԱҲڲţɽҶǹ׷վӭ
Ҷгá
λãţоõûУҶ˹վţɽĴͷʺ
ˣ󡣡ţɽ鲻Ǻܺá
Ͼǳɣȴ˳¶ţǳƣ˵³ҲҳˣǼҷʢĹ˾ĳӣʱʢĹ˾˻϶ˣ˾ȻҲ⡣
ôһţҲֶܹɽ߶ûаźãϾǱһ·ŵ˸ײˣܱסһѾе¡
ҶҽԺţͦģ˳˷ʯǸˮֲص飬ǴӼʵġ
ǸũԺרҽ˹ͨÿ궨ӦбϵģҲֲ߶װϼרõͨѶ·Ա֤ʱܹרҽйͨʲôⶼҪѿ׶ΡƽͷǺ㡣
ţܹؼҲҪϡţɽ֮˵û¶ҲǷʯصľ巽ĸоǲģʯ߶ɽҲȷʵʺˮֲûʲô˻ӰĻ¶ܳɡ
ţɽǰһֱǸ㼼ģʹˣѲԱλϣȥˣȴְ־幤棬Щ۹ġ
˵֮䣬ȴ˽ŲŲžͱƿˡ
Ҷͷһ˲ʶʹԼʮ˵ȥмƣһ¾ǸɲݣɵЩɽлôصĸɲг̽˵ʱ򣬶ôֵŶ룿
鳤
ҶϵôˣǼϵã⼸λʱк
λ鳤ȴ˵ţôڶɽʲôͽʡǰɣ
Ȼֺ˵ɽ߶ʲôã鶼ܳ¶Ҫţ󣬻ð⸱Ϲͷڶɽ𣿣
ôһ˵˶ʱưˣϵţɽҲһľ㵣û뵽λ鳤һôһ˵ǡ
û뵽߶վŵģǶɽеĴгҶ
Ҷ棬˵ɽеĻⲻָźͺҶ𣿣
ȻҶɫʱͺؿŴʴʵˡ


973 ͻȻϮ
Ҷ棬˵ɽеĻⲻָźͺҶ𣿣
ȻҶɫʱͺؿŴʴʵˡ
ô󣬻ûб֮ǰǸгίǳܣҲģʲôʱôһλȻܵĵ̶ϣ޼ɵؽĻ
ҶĹлǺǿģΪɽеĴгȻҪͬɽеһô˵ǶɽеĻ൱ָʹ
ˣҶ϶û˿ĺɫġ
˭ҶˮЩƵغߵ
ɽеĸɲǣǲϵλ鳤Ҳпʶûе˵ԶĬţʡũҵЩˣͲװˣֻǵݱȽϵһЩҲǺܷΪ
ڲϵţɽˣ˵λ鳤Ҳû˺ΰò˽ܣλʡ鳤ȫͬ־λǶɽгҶͬ־֮ǰûмɡ
ԭֻǸ鳤Ҷˣ氵Ե˵ͷ
ʡίʡ鳤ʵҲѣֻʡί鳤ΪҪʡίίԼǸʡҪ߳һͷ
ôȫΪʡĸ鳤˲ҲǸɲѣɽе⸱飬֪ĻΪʡء
ԭǶ鳤һᣬҶҶʱĿ⣬Щ̧°ˣȻǲ鳤
鳤ǳһû뵽ǶҶ棬λ˷ָгȫеηģϾûʲôϵ߲λϡ
ֻǶȫһ£Ҳûоþͺܵģʡĸ鳤Ȼ˵ҪҶһʡĹԱϵطϵĹԱƻһЩġ
͸ھǲί棬һҲطϵĸʡһ
ԭҶгȫ˵ôһ֮ҲͲʲô
⻰ǸҶԵģҶǿֻǸ鳤ôȫȻҲܹǿҶֻһгұ˴˱˴
ҶȻһȴĶͷ˾ʲôµģ
ҶۣȻţɽ˵ţúϢȸˡ
˵֮ҶӲ泷ˡ
Ŷɽеĸɲ뿪ţɽŶԶȫ˵鳤ڸǼƽλҶгɲǵģûҪΪеС¶͸Ƕѿࡣ
ôǵΣ߶˵ģ˵仹ˣȫȴһҲΪԼú޵
һѡţɽҡҡͷȻڶȫеͬ
Ȼ˵ļһʵȨ滹ЩģϾţɽֻǸѲԱеȨޣȫʡĸ鳤Ȼ˵ڸ쵼ģȴоķֹݣţɽȣȻͬն
ô˵أ⣬ҲѲɽеΣûаźǵֹԲŻ¶ȫȻѾҶˣôȻҲͲ˵ĻһţɽͶɽиɲ֮Ĺϵ
١ţɽȻ֪ȫΪʲôԶɽеĸɲôȻǸˣ֪Լô¶ҲԹҶͷȥ
ˣţɽҲֻбֳĬˣϾȫĻʾԣͬҲܱʾͬ
ȫҲʡĹԱĹ˹һԡ
˿һصĻ͹ȫЦţҪʡţôһ£϶ղôĶ
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˵Ļȷʵ٣ΪһõֻиѲԱţɽƽʱʡũҵǻӵݵĴûлӴȨģܶ˶ʶôл
һ˶ɽгμ鳤һͷ¶ĻᣬҲܵɲӦеĸִ
ţɽڶȫĵɵģ鳤ôͻȻ˶ɽҪ˵רҵģǾԲŵġ
ţɽͶȫĹϵǲҲﲻܹ⿴ţɽĳ̶ȡ
οţɽԺ飬ûи֮ȥȫܹ֪£ȷʵеЩ⡣
Ǻǣ˵ʲôˣȫЦŷʵ
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ţɽˣ浹м־ȣû뵽ʡ쵼Ȼ͵͵˶ɽУҶԴӦһ֪ģĻô֪ܲȫݣ
ʡô˼Ϊʲôأ
ѵ˵ĳ˶ڶɽеĹ⣬Ҳˣ
ţɽ룬;ԼƲӦȷģ˵ĻȫûбҪŶɽ߶
ʡĸ鳤ôͻȻڶɽУ뿪ҽԺ֮Щֵ˵
Ƕȫţɽ˽˹ϵðɡƽһԲ²
Ҷ°ͣ²ⲻǺܿ׶Ƕȫţɽ˽˹ϵãҲΪôһ飬ͷʡǱ߶ĹרŴܵɽ߶ֻΪ̽ţɽ
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Ϊһ߼쵼ɲôͺû˼ˡ
ĥһ飬ҶǾͻص
壬֪ͨһλ˵ʡ쵼ˣôҶһԼĹʲô©ĵطùϣȻ׼ܼѯҶһ֮󣬾Ͷ巢ָ
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ҲǴˣҶķӦ̾뵽ʡ쵼϶Ѿ˶ɽС
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߶æҪעϸܶ࣬û׼£쵼׾ͻῨǣԱѵµĲŸǣڿʼͱʱ׼ӦЩͻȻʡ쵼ǡ
λ¡ʡ߲ءҶЩ⣬Ͳɵһ䣬ɫҲǳÿ


974 
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Ȼ˵¡һʡ֮Ҷı̫¡ץסƾʵݣͲҶôҲϴɫǰһԼʡǶѡ
ֲʹĿͷЩ˿ܻ㷲ԼΪ˾ȥְʡŭ꼰ǶҶԣûʲôʵԵве޹⡣
ˣҶҲΪ¡ʡȨĵʯ֪ͨ߶ֽ֮绰ίľݣ˵һ£¡ȷʵеصҿʡ鳤ȫ滹²Ѿ˶ɽء
ľ֮Ҳе
ʡʡί֮ʵжѾôˣҪʲô΢˽õ飬ȫǺܴģһ㶼Ҫ֪ͨطϣðȫ
Ļһڵطϳ˵ʲô飬˭ͷأ
治˵ףǵȴӵġ
ʲô뷨ľĥһ֮󣬾Ҷѯʵ
¡ҪҶĺڲϣŻ͵͵عǺʵģôҶĶҲͲľ˽ǸҶˣľֱΪҶһʲô顣
ڻûãֻǸѶҶ˵ߣĵʲô飬Ļᱻǣűߵģǲҵķ񡣡
ץס˰ѱľѵ
˵绰֮Ҷһʱ䣬Ѿ緹ˣǾ͸ʯصλһִкһȥζӾƵꡣ
ԴһҶ߶֮󣬾ͷζӾƵĻ֮ɽǱ߶Ҫõö࣬Ը߶˵ĽӴ߶
һҪʱǵ׼öɽõľƵдˣô۴ʳ޻ζӾƵ궼ѡ
ʱȴ˸绰֪ǰСʱܵɽҲǺżȥ˾Ƶ꣬ס޸źãȻϹϰԬ˼䣬עһ½ĲƷһҪźˡ
ϵصдŮʿӾǹģǰҲƵҵԬϰˡҶı΢һ¡
ҶЩŮ˵УҲǱȽĴڣһԭĹѸڲͬһԭ򣬾ʶҶ֮ǰԼҵһǾһָĵۺֲ
ʳסеȷĽȽ϶һЩΪͲȱǮ
һӵǿ󱳾ȴȱǮһϹιѸϵһЩϸڣ϶޵ġ
ˣлҶгѡԬҲһˣܹζӾƵ˷Ҷò϶ˢӵġ
Ҷ֪֮̾Ӧϲһַˣ¾ȥԸǱ߶׼Ҷгһ£ÿһ¡
ҾƵ껹ǹݻġʯίǼͳһɵЩп˵
ڷʯشʱȽϳӦ˻дķͻȻζֳ׼ĴƵ֮󣬾ͻĲӦۼĽˮķ񣬶ô˴ͬһ㡣
ǲȻһЩܹζӵװޱ׼ǴӲƷϵľ³̶治ࡣҶⷽȻǴмˣԾͱʾͬ
ˣҲϲ߶Ӵˡ
ҲǺܸ߰ɣʯسƽͱʾ
ţȷʵеߡҶͷشΪһֽӴ߶ԾƵϰҲˬ죬ԭ۸涼Ǵ˺ܴۿ۵ģ֮׼۸Ҳ΢һѡ
ԭͳƺƽ֮󣬶˵ͷ
飬ҶǿģϾƵ˹Ӵ֮󣬶ҲǺкôģڻǱȽΪһ˵Ҳ߶дˣô߶ķ϶û˵ĽҲ١
ɽеĴ󷹵Ҳ٣Ҫ̵ʱڣʵȻʣϵĲҲǱģԬܹõҶĿ϶ķҲӴȦӣһڴˡ
ʵϣͳƺƽܹζӾƵŻݼ۸˵ǴǵģҪΪһ£ܹӴľƵ꣬϶ǹϵ
Ȼǹϵôòڼ۸Ͽ˼ңԴ󲿷ֵӴƵ꣬ڹ֧ϵļ۸񣬶ߵ׶ΪԸһҲν
ҶôƺζӾƵ֮䲢ûʲôֻΪһٷòԾͰһֽӴҵŵ飬ͳƺƽǺţΪôûһô
Ҷ˿ǣȻҲ֪˵δؾܹţվϣҲҪЩǳϣԼһҲԼ뷨
ս˵ʱӦþһȽȷıȽˣʱеӴЩƵ굱Уı߶֧Ƚϴı߶ķȽϺãı߶ȽʵݣͻһĿȻҲҪվ˵ʲôѡζӾƵˡ
һӣҶֻһЦ˵ܵʲôطˣ
ѾǾƵͣˡش
ãǹȥӭܡҶЦ˵
Ȼ͹˵绰ͳƺƽһ¥Ȼ˳ȥ
Ȼճ˴ţͿһҴīʮڵĻ£Ҵҵ߹
ҶҪ̨ӭ洫ĺžͿһɫıʱܳ·ϳ˽˿ûмٵļ󣬳ȺͿ˹
߶ľһӦҲѸ٣ǾͶ㵽һ߶ܿ˳ײʱܳ
ֻһԱܲȹеܳҵһǣҲˤڵϣϵ˿ˣϥЩѪҲΪӴ˵棬һƬû
ܳ˭
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Ҫ
·ɱ֣
ԺˣֻҶǣһЩҲıʱܳһΪ˱ֱܿӾԱ߶ˮ棬ŪûʪܵģȻҪܳƿڴ
ز٣ô𣿣
ҶҲջȻ˸ǰ쭳һײֱǲ̣
õ˽ߣҶŭָܳƵض˵
ǡӦһҲһӵĻˣʵ̫ˣӣҲǻӦõļղС
ҶʶԷݣֱӾҪϳȻѾˡ
Ҷ٣ŲܶԷʲôݣץ˵


975 ȫȥ
õ˽ߣҶŭָܳƵض˵
ǡӦһҲһӵĻˣʵ̫ˣӣҲǻӦõļղС
ҶʶԷݣֱӾҪϳȻѾˡ
Ҷ٣ŲܶԷʲôݣץ˵
ûеˣʲôʱܹ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻǳһͷԷ̻⣬ֱܵԱ߶鿴ܽʵשܳҹȥˡ
۵һʱܳĲһأƺкüˣʱ˾
ǸȻûͣҲûпǹͣ⣬һץһשӳӵǿʼһֱ䣬ţ˹ȥ
שͷҲʵƹƹҵһӣͽһúõܳզҲ̶ãֱûˡ
ҵʱھʧƿţ˳
һˣһƺ˾⻹һӣŮӣǵĴŴ磬Ȼжϳ⼸λǶɽеˣһ۵˵ķ
ܳҶӵʱͺˡ
ȥмӣǱˣǰҶйĸ۵ͲŵĶ³Ķӣʿ١
ӦҽԺôôܵɽˣҶЩ죬ң˵һѾ𣿡
ڿȥͷʿٸûʲôһҲǲмˡ
ҶǺ֣ôͻȻ֮ͺˣ
ȻΪ˽⣬ʿٵĸ壬¡ڰæҵ˹ڷǳʦƣʿپеϰָж
ɱ˰ɱ˰ʿܾȣеɫ׵ĸоӳ󣬾ʹСеغ
ܿ쿪ǸҲ˳ЩѪۣȴǳƣЩϣŪеˡ
ǿ˾ƺеӼʻҵλ³һŰڳ˹ȥ
ǺȻ˼ҵĶ֣ıֻؿһֻۣһֻ֣ͽ˹ȥҲˣֻŰʱܳΧֺݺݵһ顣
ҶеٿˣȻ⳵Ѿûзά޵ıҪˡ
ʱԺʹ˾ȴоֵ˸ϵˡ
ҶгӵľȿľһҵĿȫǵıʱܳǳûеĻϲȻſ˰վ̨ĶɽдгҶ
ٵе㷣˵⳵˭İѵ˵ҶǹҪϳҳֵģ
ߡҶȴЩָָܳԾ˵У⼸ˣƼʻײһλŮʿˣһȥɡ
Щǳ֮ӦȻЩɻѯʵ
ǲǳͲˣǿġҶԵһԱʹΪش
֮һ֣¾ԱǽŮסؾȥ
ֳΧһȺˣظղǶôΣգһͰǸײʲôġ
һʱ׹ˣԭȺƼʻŮһҶгĿ˸ײˣҵ˵ŮʿҲǹ͵ԱôһҶгȻǳջˡ
ٵҲеԥȻ˵ǼҳڶԷҲӶĻ¶ǲôġ
ҶĽƼʻΣˣײЩǿ׷εģվڹƽϣܳ¼Ҳ֮ĻԷѹ֮Ҳץⲻţ¶Ͳôˡ
ҵģҸߡڵǺʹ죬ûзʲôֱӾͰ¶ˡ
Ҷгٿ˿ҶϣõһȷĴ𸴡
ڣץǲץأ
Ҷ˵ͷȻĬ˴¡
ٿˣʱ˿˵ҶŲץ˵Ļеˡ
ΪܳˣȻҲʲôƽӵܣЩҲӦ
ԾýΪģЩǮߵĿĽ㣬ǲˣܴҶһ㣬ȴǼͨǰҲͨҲռǵС
ֻݹٷŻ𣬲յƣ˵ľ
Ǿһȥһ°ɡٶǸ˵
¶û꣬˼Ƭ¼һΧ֤˵֤ԣϵʽֿһ˵Ůʿ飬Ƭ¶
ŪЩ飬Ҳûлʱ䣬ҶǣѾ뿪ֳȥǰõķ䡣
ʯصļͳƺƽȻûȥķ䣬ֻҶȥǱ߶С
Ҷﶩķǳ׼䣬൱ߣͳˣҲζӾƵһ׷
ʵ׷һºٻῪŵģǸݵŵģӾƵ꿪ŵڣûܹѻǵһλסĿˡ
û뵽ڶɽСطȻҲвĴƵ꣬߶СӣҲò֮󣬾￴˿߶ĻȻЦ˵
ôסҶҡҡͷҶסίίԺ棬Ǳ߶зӣȽϵıˡ
һˣ;еĸоóλȻ֪ʲôͷǾԲһˣƺҶг֮ĹϵǱȽ׽ġ
ôһͱȽˣվ˵쵼ǲȥһ׼ôˣ
ţõġҶһۣ˵鵹֪ʶȤȥкʯصλ쵼ɣﲻˡ
ǡͷĵ˳ȥŸϡ
աһŸˣҶͳ˻ȣһ˹ɳ档
СûĵģôҲ֪ҹѹҶϣĵʵ
æ㲻֪жæ⼸¾ûҶоϵ˶òԼǿ˵ҪһԷأͲı˿ɶ
ʲôģϴ裬Ƕһ¡ﲻΪȻػش
δ棬һŶ޲̾ͰҶ̵ȥ
ʵҶҲеˣǼٹ˽ΪҪɽзչеʽȱ⣬һ˳һԼʱѹе⡣
˶ǰȻûɹ۲ȴ֡
ܣôʰСͷȻҶԼĳ˦ѵһ߶ʼȥ


976 ôɨˣ
δ棬һŶ޲̾ͰҶ̵ȥ
ʵҶҲеˣǼٹ˽ΪҪɽзչеʽȱ⣬һ˳һԼʱѹе⡣
˶ǰȻûɹ۲ȴ֡
ܣôʰСͷȻҶԼĳ˦ѵһ߶ʼȥ
Ȼ֮䣬Ц˵ȻûϴһȽϺá
˵ܣⲻҶЩЦ
¸ոձòҪˣԿ
ǺǣҶΣЦҪѵӴ򿪣һЩ
˵ѿҶɧţȥҵӵң
ܿ죬Ӿʹˣڲţ˵ʲôϵһЩ飬ҶǺܹĵ顣
ڷȥдŪɧĸо
ҶεЦЦ˴ϣٸֻﴩһ׻ɫȹ·ԵҡҷˣԸ쳣ǹ׵ĴȣƤһй
һ˫ŰɫЬĽŰ쳣խխĽŰʹֻԵ÷ǳ޳Ьǰ¶ĽֺϸϸģĴֱֱֺĴЬ
һ˫ǳ͵ĶŮ˵ĽѾխֺܳƤۡ
ŵЬƵĴֻխխġ۵Ľŵװϣнġžžડ
ܾҲҡҷ˰ҶбڴͷЦ˵
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ҶȻһֱŰѳѹڻûϸϸŪԲֱӽ⡣
͵˵ٸȵ壬˫۵ĽŸԼĴϡ
оеֵֹģôͻȻֱˣеʵ
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Ҷָ︻еԵֿعĽġ
СŤˣ۾Ҳʼ
ҶôڣҪ˵治ٰܣǲܵģǽвλô׾̵ģ
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ҶֶȻǶԶȫΪš
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ֻ֪ʿٿǻˣ֮ˣ˭֪Ǳ߶ҲˣҶ߶Ҳģѵһ١
Ϊ飬Ӱ쵽ܶǶɽгʮԪͶʣˣһûϸϸأţҶ˵ôһ䣬ʱѶȫŵˡ


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Ҷ˵ˣĳƵ棬¡ں˶ţȫ㱨ʿٵ顣
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Ҫ֪¡ԽӸ۵ŪΪ׳ƣҲڶɽͶʹԪѣѾƵ൱ĿˣɽʲôֵͶ볬ʮԪͶĿأ
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ȫˣֻǵͷŵذ壬͵Լû仰


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ȫĳ֣ȻҶĺ¶ȴûӰ쵽ǵ硣
ԭҶֻ뷽ʯصλһֲμӽ磬˳̸һ̸ˮֲص飬Ǻһ룬¶ҪִһģԸɴ˲μӵίľ˹˼λͬӪĳί
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ϯȽæµģҶľݵˣΪ飬λ϶Ҫһġ
ζӴƵ߶ķȷʵܵλϲ˵ʲôԲ˵ķҲӦоУһȵıȽϸˡ
һιǴģλʲôĿԸ̸һ̸Ҷϯô˵
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Ȼľ֪ҶкܶŮˣһԷﻹǵһоеֵֹġ
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Ҫ֪ܿǮͶ̣ϲɽͶĿڱеӰǴأľǾǸҶгԸҲûбҪĿɣϾҲӰ쵽ġ
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ȻҪ˵óԣɽ䡣ڣԵس޵
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ټȺӿԭ󣬳סռɵľʧÿ§ɵĻʧԪΪǧԪ̫󣬵òʧ
Ӱʮ񣬱ԭ§ˡڸʲݺƲݵԽԽأ̬ᰲ˼ΣŲԭֲܵƻԭʮִ̬һ񻯣˲ԭɳһЩϡֵ
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ʵϣŮ˵ֱǺģղſľƺԼĵЩ΢΢ĵ⣬λŮǣ϶Ҷеϸ𣬷ĻгúõģôͻȻ˶ɽأ
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￴ľݿɽУ޷ǾΪҶѡ
ʱľϯȥҶĲɣ͸ӻˡ
Ŷ뵽һЩ顭Ҷһۣﲻ֪ܵЩʲôԴҲеͷۣԼŮһȻڴǱ˴֮ͷԴףҲ飬Դˣûʲôð취
ѵ˵ҸǰڵһŴ棬ͬߣһ±˴˼ĸ飿
Ȼ뷨ˣƺҲʵֵĿԣҶϾǴΪ͸Ůϴˣ¶һЩϰġ
Ͱ˵飬˵˵Ȼ͸пûµ򿪷Դ⵽ƻԿɣòʧЩӣǵ쵼ģӦΪġ⼸꣬ɳԽԽˣϵССˣʵҲѲϵġ
ˣ׷׵ͷǣû뵽ƻԿɵĺȻء


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һСʱҶʽܸȤϾͶʮԪɽ߶˿ǲ顣
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ʯصǼͳƺسƽͶĵеǳܣΪ֮ǰǾͿǵһʽȱ⣬ʱͻȻ˴ֵõҶ⣬ȻҪʯصˮֲص
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ؽ֮ؾй֭ӹҵԼƷӹҵòƽ˵ôһֲе׶ԷķչֲҵҲԽʡʵɱΪԶ;ɵʧ˵˫顣
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ˣûе顣ҶȻҲǵصӰ죬ȴԲܳһ㣬Ļ׼Ů֮ŭˣǿɲá
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ĽƽϣҶǱȽͷ۵ģҲǺӰģϳ¼ҵǷ֮Уվ˵˹ðԼķΪҶ֤ҶҲܴϳ¼ҵĶӱһٴǡ
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ҾôΪģҶٲȥˣ˼Ҳᵹ׷ģӶ֤һ㡣ǳرʾ
ҶˣʱҲЩǹϵҹȥʱίҲҪμӵģ£ܷʲô飿
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ί쵼ǿһЩȻеģǿƲڶã¶ԸˣǾǷŭˣʱ㣬Ҳҵġ
һǾòġȻҲһ㣬˼룬ǾЩԾǾͶҶ˵һ¡
˵֮ȥңҵԼִͳһ֧
ôʲôҶЩʵ
ǺšȻһЦŤ˴ĸӣȻתҶı󣬽ĳƿȻı棬ô໭һֻƯƤĴá


980 ľǵĻؾ
һǾòġȻҲһ㣬˼룬ǾЩԾǾͶҶ˵һ¡
˵֮ȥңҵԼִͳһ֧
ôʲôҶЩʵ
ǺšȻһЦŤ˴ĸӣȻתҶı󣬽ĳƿȻı棬ô໭һֻƯƤĴá
ʲôŪ˺ġҶֻǾЩ̲סҪȥӡ
һͻˡｫҶ˻ȥ˵
ȻͰҶĳ¸֣ǳرʾԼҪȥץ󱳣ʵʵȥ̸
ұϻʲôҶʵ
ǺǣһֻɰĴáЦŻش
ôһҶʱͷӦˣɵðǹݵģжҲóΪ
ȻҶĻľȥˣ˼֮ȻⲻңĥôҶϵֻãȻͱס
ֻҪͼˣôȻ֪Ҷľʲôȥˡ
úõİڷЩЦҶһڣϲ̵˵
ҶЩЦõ˵ô㲻׶ģȵһⶫͻˡ
㵱ǲµСŮ﷭˷ƤȻеˣҶٿǴ˵ˣҵĴǷˮģֿܣᱻˮ廨ˣܵ
ôһ˵ҶҲԶԡ
Ҷ˽⣬Ҳ൱ģȻ֪ɶʱҲ൱֪ȻᱻҶĽڸƭ
ˣˡҶԼĳãȻ˳ȥ
Ҷ¥Ȼ͵¥µĸʾĳӣһί¥
ȻѾʮˣί¥ȻжĹԱֵԱ
ΪһЩԭί¥ٲ޵ĹԱеҪӰ࣬ͲؼˣЩΪȽԶֻΧŻȥƽʱס档
ʱؾ˿Ҷʺá
Ҷ¥֮󣬾Ϳľݵľݰ칫ҵĸڣſţдʲôϡ
ͬ־Ҷһ
ҶгãľǾڰ칫ҵءվ¹ضҶ˵
áҶ˵ͷʹ˸ɫ˼Ͳøˡ
Ծİ칫Ȼ
йҪҲûʲôʹԱ߶ıȡЩֽض
Ҷľݵİ칫ҴţƬ֮ľݾͽŴˣֻûʲô飬ƺӡ
Ҷ˳ֽŸϣȻȥ§ľݵ
˭֪ľһȻ㿪Ҷɫݵ˵̸ֶŵģһЩ
ľˣҶЦЦŲľǲװģֱӾ߹ȥӺ潫ľݵסȻϵԱ߶СĴϡ
ſңȥľ˼£ûаҶǱסһŪϢЩ
ľЩԼ޷ܾϱҶĻ䣬ֻЩŭҶϲ᲻ص£޷Ӱ쵽Ҷ£͸ɴ˳Ҷ˹ڴϣ
֮ľݲŴһǵ˳ͷƫһ߶˿ɫģȥܿɰ
ľˣҶָľݵ壬̲סҪִȥ׽סǻͦزţʱһ¶˵ĺӣңŴ޵Ǵ˿дޱȵܡ
ʡίǴ绰ʲô¶ҶȻʵ
µ⣬ҪһͳսʡǵطϵľݴʱڸոյļǵУҶĻʱʹգ۾˿Ҷڻش
ԶɽеԤˣҾӦõһ£ĻɽбظɲеԱòǨĻᣬǶǲƽġҶ̾ͱʾܹɲĿԣǿչʱ򣬻ܲ㡣
˵öԣҲôǵġľҶĻҲʾֻͬʡƺҲȽϼ֣ҪʾĴڸаɣ
ʡ͵طϵͻϴʱӦý϶ؿǵطϵǱʶ顣Ҷʡúܣ¶ɽǸĻôȿ϶Ҫͨһµġ
Ȼɽǲûб̬˵ʡ¡ҲûǾֻ˵¶Լģ־¹ѻɡ
ҶԴ˲ûʲôøУѻף֮Ͳÿˡ
Ƿڱĵ棬ҶȻǲȥܵģɽ߶Ѿѹ˼Σڿ˵˲ŵ㣬ʣ¿սɵĻ֮ĹϵҲᴦһνӲϵ״̬
״̬ڸɹǲģҪ˵ԭǨЩɲǣ龰֮ҲԹΪ
ǿ˶ɽдڿȱְλȴûпǵɽеʵģ뷨ʵȡҶ˵ͳսλãɽеĸɲǲ۵ġ
¶ðأǵ̬Ҳܼ֣㲻Ҫ˵ġľݾͱʾ
ʵʵľҲϣʡٿսһͳսˣֻ̬ҲȽǿӲѹȽϴеȽΪѡ
ͰζƵϺˣ˵Ҷͬ־˵̬ȺܼǿҷʡսһͳսΪ͵θĿǰɽеơҶͱ̬ʡ治ֿܹǵɽеѴִҪսһͳսĻô飬ɽвеκΣʡ쵼½⡣
㵹ǣ˵İľҶҲɵЩȣû뵽ҶʹǶˡ
ҲףҶȷģʱٿսɲĻȷʵἫӰ쵽ɽкòȶľ棬һЩɲǵĹԴܴĴǲȡġ
ˣȲ̸ЩľݽҶؿϣ棬ȥĺ󱳡
ġҶȻﻭϵͼʱ˵
ôˣľЩطʵ
㿴֪ˡҶЩЦŻش
ľݰǿҶĳһʱŭô໭һֻӣǺŵؿʾһ㡣
̫ˣﲻǲèľӣë˲ûãǾһƿƾԭͼɾˣȻĴ࣬ҶıҲһͼ
㻭ʲôҶ˵ŮҲ̫ˣҵ˰ɣҲܺľĺϻʲô
ԼվӾˡľݻ֮ҶվֱˣԼһա


981 ˱仯
̫ˣ￴ҶĴ໭ʱҲһŭɶı顣
Ӽ˵ľݸǧĻдʵģֻӻĻ֣ǳһܹоӵű飬Ҳѹľݿ̾ʹŭ
ľݵĻ滭ҲضãĻдģȻ⣬ܴͬ񣬻ϾһֻҲһֻӡ
ֻеŹۣѾſڵˣβø߸߸ߵģһ֮ǰһֻֻǰצӵƨɣԼǰͦţһʽ̬
ǵıǲһó֮ĵ顣
ˮӣ治˽ʲô
Ҳѹˣ֮ǰһֻӣΪȨѣû뵽ľݾȻԣ˻ؾеˡ
һίʲôƽ˵Ҷ´գ
Ҷ¶һĿЦȴֿ˻
ŮĺʵҶ沢ûжųľҲãҲãҶŮˣ˽ܵ飬ȻŮ֮ĶǶҶԣҲеһƷ
شڶɽһȤûУô˻ʲô˼أ
Ȼ˵ҶɽУΪ˴ˣǴʵҲǺܼ򵥵飬޷ǾͶʼӹ滮о÷չˮƽ淶Ϊ·ȵȣ˵ˣֻҪɹôûʲôѵġ
ȻϲûѣôҶȻҪһȤζ˵顣
ʮЦٲȻǶ˼ҲŹ֡Ҷ赭дض˵
ߣȻǸŮйϵһ۾ܲ˵Ҷ⣬ĵ˵ں׬ôǮ۰Ͱ͵ظϹɽͶʣҶپôҵİ
⻰԰Ҷˣ̱ʾ˲ͬҲãĵطҲãҾǸ⣬׬㻨ǮѣһʼҾûжǮԽô˵ںεأ
ҶǮⶫʵǿúܵġ
ΪѾĹԱеһУ϶ҪǮˣ˵֮ǰðµЩʲڻ϶楴ΪҪڶ˹Ǳ߶Ĳҵ˵ڵЩҵ˵ѾȫȨˡ
ϻôĲҵںѵŽʲ㵽棿ȫûǸҪ
˶ˣѵʲʲôĻ˵գ￴Ҷ˵
Ҫô˵Ҳ㡭ҶŶ˵Ů˾ԽĹ棬ʵҲǷǳصĴͳŮԡ
ҶھƵ߶һֱ賿ӣ˴Ӵϵϣִӵϵɱ䣬һ췭ظ
ֱŪûڴϻ˯ȥ֮Ҷȥص칫¥ܵԼİ칫ң˯һ
ڶһ磬ʡǱ߶ʹ˵绰֪ͨɽз棬ʡ¡ͬ־һУѾǰɽп칤
ʡĵ绰֮ľݵĵ绰ͽŴˡ
¡ʡˡľݶҶ˵
ˣ֮ǰ΢˽ţڱﲻסˣòת򹫿Ҷˣͽʱ˵һ£¡Ҳû취˭ĺ̫أ
ԭӡľҶĻ֪Ȼ顣
˵Ϊ¡ڵĺ飬ӰҲǱȽϴģϧʿ̫ˣһʼûиʲô飬Ӱ¡ںڶɽеսԲ֡
֮ǰļƻ¡ںڶɽУ϶ǲȡԾ͸ΪδѹΪĲԣϣܹԿռ任ʱ䣬ؽҶڶɽеȨӰѹֻû뵽ʿٻ¶ǵһжߵ
ۿ͵Ϯ¡Ҳֻɰת䡰΢˽áΪʽ졣
תʵ¡һζҶжѾʧˡ
ô˵һδʡԶɽеʽ죬ίӦľݳһº˵ӴҪõģһǲǸ¡ʡϵһ£ʲôҪر׼ģ
ţСҶ˵ͷͬˡ
¡ڲûѡԼרְ飬Щ鶼ʡ鳤ȫΪģⷽȫҲгΪ¡רְĻᣬѹβеˣ϶ܴϢĴ̼
ȫܹ˳Ϊ¡ڵרְ飬ҲܸһҶǲġ
ȻҶѵ绰ȥʱ򣬶ȫ̬ȻǱȽ϶ģ¡ڴʡһ˵˵˵ʳް⡣
ҶӴŵ˶ɽƵ꣬ҲһֱĽӴƵꡣ
Ȼ˵ζӴƵĻãܵҶǵǱ߶г꣬Ϊ˱ⱻ¡ץסѱѡ˱طʡö໨ǮҪ¡ڵ
Ҫ֪¡ڸҶ֮ˮݵģһЩСҶӡ
ĩ˵ʱ򣬶ȫһ飬Ҷгʿٵ飬Ķ³Ҫ̽ӣǷ԰һ£
ȫʱԼҲû׶
Ȼ˵֮УҶ飬ҶǷӣǾͲö֪ˣҪ֪ڶɽеؽ棬ҶǵͷߣǾϵͳ߶ֱգ¡Ҳûа취ڹʴ¡
ĻԵ¡ʿٵȷˡ
ΪһгǸĸ߼ɲ¡ڿ϶ǲ᷸Сġ
ԣ¶ҲֻöȫʣҶӣҲ򲻵¡ʡϡ
ţԣҪ󡣡ҶĻشǺʹ졣
ȫõ𰸣浹мֻɣû뵽ҶͻȻ֮ô˵ˣʹöȫеЩˡ
Ķ³ллҶгȫȻкɣǱʾ˸л
鳤ˣʲô¶ҶҲش
˼ȻûбʾԵ̬ȣҶȫҲҶʾ㹻أ˵໥ƺҲ͸һ£ȫٺҶҶгҶҲٺȫ鳤˶ĬؽǸָֺ͡Թˡ
˵绰֮󣬶ȫĥ¶ҶȷʵöԸ¡ںûմ˹⣬Լĸ鳤Ųȥġ
ȻˣȫܹʡĻҶ߿һۣô˭Ҳ˵Ժ顣
˵ףһⰡ
Ҷ֮ͨ󣬶ȫȥķ䣬ԼĹͨһ£Ȼ˵Ķ³ȻҶɿˣǲȥһӣ
Ȼġ˵ͷ
ڶӱھ棬˷ŭ֮⣬ʣµľǵˣʱҶͬ̽ӣȻûеȥɡ


982 ̽
ȸζɽо־ֳĵ˽Ѹг˵绰˵Ҫȥ̽ӵ飬˽ѵķӦǱȽϿʾҶгѾͬˡ
ڶȫͬ£ֱɽо߶
ɽо־齵ĶɽƵ꣬ԶҲһңǹȥʱ򣬾ͿоǶɫҴңȻһæڹӡ
ȫˣɵЩȡ
ɳͷ־ֲͬоȻҵܶ࣬Ҳûæ̶ֳȣϾһĵطӣоǲģǴһЩϴ´Լڻ־֡ɳļලȵȡ
ٶȫҲȥܶео֣ûзɽоôæµ
оֵһĸֳͳӭǣǺܸӡ
ôôæµѵ˵ʲôҪɣȫЩʵ
ǺǣдӴֳЦЦһƶİӣǣ㣬֮ǰһӣӼӵһǰǶҪôæȥˡ
ȫˣʱЩ
λֵܵİӣȫ˵ģ֪˰ϵش󣬵Ǻ淢ƶͲǺˣϾ¶Ҷֱӻ㱨ʡίɽǵ飬ʡ鳤еš
ΪӹϵشǣʡһЩ飬ʡҲضĿǰΪֹûйԴ󲿷˶ǲġ
ҲֻжɽоֵһЩ참ǣ֪¶Ӱж
ֻˣ;Щ˼飬һӾҪʱ𣿡
һ¾ܹȫˣʱ䣬õɣ
Ķ³ܲİ참ʽҲ尸飬Щ飬ʱǸ㲻ġֳһۣػش
ڸ۵ôܹᲢۣ۵˿ڶѣһٴжǣǹڿɲһˣһǣĿǱ鼰ȫģ漰ĹϵǳӣûаʱͷԣҲʹһЩ©
˵ʱܹһƶĴӸѾǲˡ
ķʱģʵϾǸ֮ЭƤȵȡ
ȻǵİӲȤֻǹԼĶʿôˡ
Сʿپûܹ࣬Ȼڸ۵ʱҲǸ۵Ͳţô˵ҲЩĲţҸʦõǮܽˡ
ҲΪԭ򣬲ʿ첻µزµԸû뵽һ˹ڣǴڣЩŪһзϣϵ˸պһЩȴڶɽ˻˾ӡ
뵽Щ飬ҲɵЩƣ˼ҲʿͻСأѾһ֮ɲˡ
˸֮䣬ȻûᲢ۵ġ
ֳͶȫ˽Ӵ֮󣬾͸ˣʣµ飬Ȼǹ¹죬ԤԼ참ľٻὫʿٴǼ档
ͶȫڽӴģֻһתţоеȡ
ڵصĻеǾ棬Ҳŵġͳһ˲ͷðĺˮЩпضԶȫ˵
ڵصķչ𲽱ȽϿ϶ҪһЩġȫ˵Ǿ֣ҲûбҪøƵһɣ
˵ʵȫʵ常ӣҲеΪȻ
˵Ǹ¡ڴʡϵܹϵøĿ׬ǮҲͰˣû¶ڵطϹʲôҶһгô׶Ը˵ģ
οںӶʡ˻϶֪˼Ҷʡίɽ߶ϵˣͲʡ¡ʲôӣ㻹ʲôʸ˼ǰ׶
֮ǰȫΪҶɲһϹ٣϶ǻææҵģǾ˽֮ͷ֣˼ҸͲһ׵ģⲻʵǿʲô
ˣڶȫҲݣŵ̬԰¶Ϊ뷨ûʲôˡ
ң廰У¶ĶڵصһЩԿȫҲǷǳˬģûԸ⵽˵ӣֻ¡ڵӣԸ˵ʲôصĻȥѡ
Ӵ棬һųεӣͶȫӵһˡ
е壬΢Щȣżܹ洫ĽŲƤЬˮĥʯĵϣ۵۵ĺ
ڽӴ˴ңƿ˴ţžͿʿٱٴ˽
ֻʮ̸ʱ䣬ץһɫޱ˵
˵껰֮һһӵ࣬ʿپĶ棬ųӡ
ʿٵɫЩãȻǱץ֮󣬲û˯ãټϵʲôģû׼ܵв̿ʲôġ
أʿٿ̱֮ЩҪվ
˵ȡһλ档Ա߶ٶʱ
𼤶˵ˣæʿ˵龿ôģ˵˵
Ȼ˵ѾӶȫĿУ֪˵ʱһЩ飬ϣʿ٣鸴һ顣
Ͼб˶ġ
ʿȻǾٵϻǺЧģʵ֮ûбĶѣ㲻ƣս϶еģ˵˯Ŵȵȡ
Ĺڸ۵Ǳ߶ʱѹûгԹʲôͷһǵ˰˱ӴùˣﾯǸһʧǣûз
¶ʿҲµģȻʱôӣ֪ԼվסĴߴ£ؽ˵˳
ˣ֪ȫ֮ǰ˵飬ûпţʿ˵ûʲô鱾Ҫʿٵͷϡ
¶ôźãܲʹ죬ʵ˵Ļô¡Ǳ߶Ҳ˵ʲôϾ¶ӡ
¡¹ΣϧëְܶȨʿٿѵġ
أǵĳҲ˸ˣʿټһһĪչı飬ͽҲ˵˳
Ŷˣʱһ㶣֮ǰǲ飬Ǿæ׷ʵĳˣʲôϸ˵
ǣʿپͽʱ˵һ飬ص˵˵ʱиתͷıʱܳ顣
ˣʱͲˣôǰûأ
ʿٵĳӱ˱ˣôҲԽʱʿٵ⵽ȫвôӣӦøһЩˡ
٣ҪתһȦʱ뵽˶ԲߣԿʿٵٴ


983 ѵԭ
٣ҪתһȦʱ뵽˶ԲߣԿʿٵٴ
忼ǵúʿ¶ײ˵ĻôξͱȽϴˣԷҳˣô˵˫ΣҲӦǵģǿΪ̸еġ
ʲôƺĻ¶
ҶӵĽγҵ鰡һ³ҳѵ𣿡巴ʵ
ϣɽо߶ҳ飬ôһĻɾл˵ˣֱȥ¡Ǳ߶ԹԼӵĳӱңǶɽоּ²˵ʵ޷ܡ
ƺѾԤ¡飬صôһҶٶɽеľ羯ͣԲԾû׼ᣬֵܶһ¶ɽеоҪ쵼ѡֶɽеĹ
˵Ļʿٽһΰ෿Ҳǰ׽ȥһ˶
ŶҳǼ鰡ˣʱҡҡͷǲ뷨Ļ԰Уȥ¼ȻȺ֪ͨ˵ĸʵôǻ
õش֮Ҳ˵⻹ǲ⣬̬Ⱥȷûа취˵ԷΪҲûа취ɽо
ʮӵ̽ʱ䵽ˣȻֲԸʿٻǱ˻ȥ
̾ȥ˰ĵؽıȻѭѯ˺ܶ飬Ϊ·ʱ岢ֳֻʿٵıҽγΪ֤ϢΪ֤ʣ顣
ȥϢˣˣᾡɳԱе飬ȡոһİ참Աô˵ġ
ϣǿһЩʷǳأӰӣڹ컯֮׵ıͽһҪϳͣʾ
ٺ١Ա߶¼һˣʱ͵Ц
˶ԷĹЦȻͷӦ˹
ԷҳأӰӣôƼʻײˣʲôأǲʸأӰӶأ
ɾ治˵ˡ
뵽ʱͱЩ󵭶ˣϰԵҪϳͣȴûпǵԼҲǣӵУƺ鷳һЩ
참ľҲûж˵ʲôȥϢԼ˵˻Ҳеڨڨ͸ȫһ뿪о֣ص˾Ƶꡣ
ܲܰȡأܾöӴھ棬еףǾʶȫ
ǲеģڵɽоѾӵɴˣȡ󲻴ܡȫʾ
漰Ҷ׿ָʾ¡˵ҲδؾͻӣָʿٴӾ̳뷨϶ǲʵġ
Ķ³ҲҪ̫ģҿоǱ߶ҲҰĹôϾ¶עһӣֻѭ;ĻҲᴦֵ̫ˡȫֶ尲ο
ϣ˰ɣ鲻棬ʼ̤ʵЩǵرʾ
ԭҪЮأҪͷͶвһ¶ɽеģϧҶ˼ҸͲںҪ֪˼˵װףܿǴ˳ʮԪϵͶɽеġ
۵ͲȻЩǮȴҲûݳ޵ڶɽͶ볬ʮԪϵʽ𣬹ôһͱ״ѹȥˡ
ԣҪ飬̸ϧǣҶûи̸еĻᣬҶȷһⶼҪ;½
¶Ѱ찡ȫȻҲûиõ顣
¡ڵ˼ȫ˽û࣬ҺӦ飿
Ҷİ칫洦һЩ飬ͽӵĵ绰ԼһȥͶʻ
ʵûʲôÿġ
ʯǱ߶ϲҪȥΪѾеⶼˣ߶ֻҪ˹ͶʽṩʽϣȫҪȥģǶɽµľַ
һƬ￴ɽ¾ַʱ򣬲ɵñԹһ
ԭţȻ߶һʷƾõĹ£ôٻµʲôۼҲʷŲʲôģҪؽҲЩڿȫô¶
ֳľˣĴңǰ˵ɽ»ڱʲôģĸоֱۣڿôһ¶
ֻյѾһЩ״ᾧשߣ֪ʲô
ڿĶɽ£ܹҲʣ¼䷿ӣǹмãߴïʢȻʣЩ˺ϱܹסĹӦǶɽʷŲˡ
ЩӦóͶҶھ棬һЩȦĹҪȦרģϾͷܾˣÿһŹǱʷƸ
Ҷˣ˵ͷԸ彫ͷһ¡
Ҳע⵽Щ棬˶˺첼е֦ҶҲ˩ź첼ЩǸǹԸʱŪȥġ
߶УΪ飬Լвˣߺ岻ʲôģܹһȻϺ첼ıбӻʲôģö֮ϵǶӺͺ첼
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˵ҲˣȻ˶ӣǹȻúܽƺڤڤ֮һ㣬¶ҶеЩˡ
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˵ģҲһĵˣûзԡ
ʵϣЩ鷳飬϶˵飬ûôġ
ɽؽĻҲͲˡҶ˵
ΰݣȻͲҪˣǳ׶ġ
ҶŹµɽ˼Ϳ·һЩдʯЩЩˣǱģҲôʮɽ»ǱȽϷʢģҲôʯ
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ˣҿ˳ۣҲ˳ۣαضһأҶһ£ҡҡͷ
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ȻˣҶҲûбҪȥƨˡ
һһ㣬Ǿ¡Ѿ֪ͨ˶ɽз棬˵Ҫǿ춫ɽйô¡ڵг̣Ӧɶɽз渴ӰŵģǶɽзӦö¡ʡ֪ĲŶԡ
ڣ¡һȻأû֪ᶫɽз棬Ǻܲ˵ıˣҶȻûбҪȥӭǣǴԼ
Լϵ飬ҶǾԲȥģ飬ѹͲȥǣҶֲҪٶαأ
㵹ÿô˵˼Ҳֱ˾ءͲ㴩СЬʹӣЦ˵
٣ô׵飬ںôҲһķ⽮Сĸɲô״ѹģҪҰᵹҲøɽ˲СҶ⻰ԵЩмһˡ
ʵְɲ治ôµģûȷʵ֤ݣ֤ʧְְΥΪʡҲûʲôɰģ¡ھǿҶ˳ۣҲֻǵɵ۾ɧѣҪ£ǵûѺܴпܰõ
ʱΪĻҶ߶Ͳˣǿ󱳾ܵű¡ݺȻǲܵ顣
ҿ˵Щϲն࣬һγ˼ȳʵΪ˲ʹìͻҲֻűˡͶҶ˵ɲС¡ڣ˼ҺôҲʡһ滹ܰ
Ҷˣ˵ͷ˵ĻûȷʵǴڵģǵÿ˭ڱϣóˣǸϿ϶С
ҶƱ飬ǱԩģҲû˵ĵط˵ĵطǼȻѾˣ˱ȽϴӰ죬ôΪ˴룬Ը⽫ִ̬˿ЦҲֻˡ
ҶҪǱ˵ĻҶǼλӲ
ҶǶҶҵĸأδʮ䣬ҶҵķչɾָҶأҪҶһǱݵ֣ڶҡҶҵĸǿ̵
ĻҶһȥҪͱҲð¶˳ˡ
ţͿ¡ںԱ߶һɽ·߹ȥˣҪɽ
Ҳȥ˵ɽµַǺܴһƬȻһ滹һЩϱڲԫģһмʯûб١ҶͶ˵
аҲû飬͵ɽˣûҳŶʱ򣬶⻻˵ɽЬ𣿡ЦЦԼĽҶ
Ŷʱ򣬴İñī洩Űɫĳ£洩ţж̿㣬ϴŶ͵ɽЬСµ¶棬ഺϢ
Ҷۣ̲סĿתƣű̿ʵʵΣȥѡ
źŵǣҶ뻹˰ɡ
Ȼ˵֪ô¶쵼̫ɶˣµӡǺܲõġ
ҶԼӸλ֮󣬶⣬Ҳעöˡ
ɽ·һӣͿľһЩɽ·໹һЩҰĲֲ֪Ϊǰһ¹ֲ꣬ﶼúïʢҶһЩвҩ˵ߡиʲݵȱȽϳҩģҲС
ʵɽеĻֲˮȻֲвҩҲǿԵġҶ˿Ͷ˵
вҩгЩңӣҩܶ࣬ܶûʵСС֮ҩƷȫҲܵ˺ܴĳ֮ǰ˵㿪ʼвҩгءҶĻ󣬾Ͷ˵
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ʵҸֱҩṩԭϣֱӣҲγɳںͬͬʱҲ֤ҩĵ˵˵ֲвҩԵõ֮ͬҩϿɵĻ̾ͳˡ
ǲѣҪĻҪ֤ٻũҩȾȵȡҶ̾뵽ˣڵĺܶвҩؽȾ꣬ԱԶһЩҩģΪⱻͣˡ
ǲܴӸϽ⣬ҩҽ磬վһα⡣
ֻ֭ϣǲЩ̫ˣȻҶ
ɽֲֻˮңҪһ֭ӹĻȷʵеСˡ
Ǻǣⲻ⡣ҶˣʱЦӶ߶ǺܷḻģӡƻѡӣǺ棬һȱЩʺϽмӹĹ࣬ȫҪĲƷ̫һ
ȻҶֽ˵ȵ·֮ЩƷ䶼ܷ㣬ǵĲƷͨҲˣһ׬ڻаյģ󣬾Ϳıˡ
Ǻǣʲô£ȫҶЯء˾ȻһЦ
Ӧ˵гϵĹ֭ϻȽƶ̼һҶ󣬹֭гϣҲҬ֭켫һʱҲȫЧڳţ˵طϵһЩ֭ϣ඼ǵģǴȻĹ֭ϡ
￴׼гᣬǱϼг֭ϵûȺ֮Ʒϵегռʣͻ͵һǳ˵ĵز
ϾڵûȺ壬ʵ̫ˣֶǴƷۻĲƸЧӦǷǳ˳Ծġ
һ߶˵һ߶ɽ˶ʮӣϵɽϣҲǵɽڵλϣʱĿԶɽʵһ㱡УȻĲǺҲĿ
ڹ֮ʣƲڶһĵĸо
ôطдӣˣɵЩȵ
ҲǺҶҲе棬һķ򣬾򱱱߶˹ȥ
ֻǱ߶һ÷ǳĹʮ˶ϱһ֦Ѿ˳ĥһ㣬ȻһͭӣڣСԽ˸С
ʱ˷ŵڿеľܣͭȵײȥ


985 ڲ
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ȻǺȴúԶһ˲ɵóһַǳľ統С
Ҷվʱͬ棬뵽ɽȪ֮һһִ󳹴ĸоƺ˵ľ񾳽磬˴
֮ҶŶ˵ӣƺǹ
ɽʷƾãһڹҲпܵġȻҲסˣҶĻ˵
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Ӷʱڣ̴룬࣬ΪķҲԽԽ࣬Ϊڹӵഫϳʱڣǽӡ
Ϊ೤ģԹӵһ㶼Ƚϴ
δصӻƵܴͣʹ೤
һ˵üͭӱȻͭӷࡣ
ӵ²ӴӺţʹǿͻʹ
ԣ󷲾ڽ̸ȾķӵδءӴŵͭӷġ
ɽ±һڹӣ񣬴ԶӦҲͭɡ
ߣҲȥҶڹӵȤǾͶ˵
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ôһҲеģһĶɽ£֮ǰĲ̫ĻǾеΪˡ
Ȼ˵ɽ½ŴλڱѾؽ˶ΣǹڽһеģǶӵкܶĵãԲ𲻻ܴ
ִǰѾ൱ĲͬҪѶɽ½øȥһĻǺѺѣܹҵһЩڶɽεͼƬϡ
ڴܹ֤ʵȷʵǶɽǰķӵĻڶɽؽǺкôģϾǴΪĶɽ¾ˡ
˺ܿߵ˴ӵĸ̧ͷӵˡ
ȻɽưˣǶɽȻкУӵһλȥѮĺУò˫ĿÿһײӣԵóһר־ӡ
Ҫöأ￴ɮصǲͣЪӣɵЩ
Ӧ108°ɡҶش飬ɮµӶǳĺһΣÿν18£18£18£˷飬108¡
ΪҪΪ108£ʲô˵𣿡Щʵ
˵еһġҶڽ͵һ˵һ12¡2472Ϊһ򣩣Ϊ108һֻأ쳤ؾáһ˵ǣ108ַգ108죬Ծ˼䷳աֽ棬Ҹںߡ
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ɮһӣŰ108ˡ
ʱΧҲûмˣ󲿷ֶڴ³Ǹˡ
ҶӵǺܸȤ߹ȥĦ
ӵĸ߶ȴ׶ֱ࣬ܲ׵ӣ͹ӣִʱܹо΢ЩУȻڣǲûиоʲô⼣ɼġ
²Ӵ棬ƺбȽģּҶ˿ͼһƴ۶ԲȦȦģΧŹתһȦǿּ˳ţᣬǻ۳ӣԸɷ𣬶
ʲôˣЩ죬û뵽棬ְ֮ǰҶûбϳ
ǺǣǵصصķӣȻЩ۶ġҶشֻּģˣֱȽԶҪǲĻ϶עⲻ⡣
ӵıϣЩּ֮⣬ξͲˣҶȻһҪǷҲֻͼ
ǿֵá뵽ҶͶ˵
áԱ߶ǴȻǶֹܸȤҶĻ֮󣬾ʹԼС棬ǿֵ磬ȻݸҶ
ҪʲôˣЩʵ
ȥӵڲʲô״Ҷ˵һֵߵ˴ӵ·ֵڲա
ʱڲȻǺһƬҾҲԶ
辽ϸߣӵĵײ׶ߣƽʱӣǴԱ߶һʯ̨ȥʹԼĸ߶ȸƽ֮󣬲ŷӵġ
ҶеģǾʹԱ߶ӣǿһ𣬷ڴӵ·Ȼȥ
һΣͽ嶼˴ӵ棬ֻܿ¶š
Ҷ棬ǿֵ罫Χӱɨһ飬ûзʲôرΣȻЩ⼣ǲǿҡ
Ϊÿ춼ҪûԵʣһЩɽһҲǸ䣬ǲڸ
ʲô𣿡ȵúļͳѯʵ
ʵҲǸϲֵˣҶѰһڣ޲ԼȥҶһǷʲôľϲ
ûʲô֣һƬҲûʲôΡҶش
ͣһӣҶڴڲϷ˼ģϸһ£ǡ֮ĸ֣ǺˣҶǿֵ磬޷⼸֡
֮ʲô˼أҶ֮еף¿ʱ򣬾ͼڱ⻬Բ󣬳һЩ⼣⣬ҲʲôĶˡ
µؿһ֮ҲûзʲôرĶҶȻƿǿֵ绹
һŤͷȻͿ˼ʮ¡ںˡ
¡ڵһЩƺڿԶľ£Ϊ˱Ҷ棬ıԵЩرƺһЩŵĸоֱضҶ˵Ҷڴӡ
йŹ֣ҶɻھΪı飬ԽԽŨˡ
ҲڴĦˣ飬һоڴӷǳУһڴӻ۵̼ôȤģڴӱǴӸһЩ˼
ҶЩ飬ɵһѵ˵ڴӹȻЩõģ
֪ôţҶͷʱӿ˸ոտĸ֣֮
оõе⣬Ǹĸϵһģˣڴ֮ϣûʲôֵעˡ
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986 ɽб
˵ӵڲǡ֮ôҶҲôĿǡ
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ʣӴжϣȷһڷɣôΪĽһ㶼ǡ¡á۶ģۡǵ֮бȽ϶
ӶɽµʷڲûʲôԡĽڴġ֮ĸֵ֣Ҷȥϸˡ
ڶɽµҶҲ˽һЩһЩϵУԿʢɽԶķ֮ףڶڵ𹩷ѡ֮أҲǱȽϸԣģڵز١
Ŵλڱȴܹһδؽܹ˵һ⣬ЩʵǱȽǮģ˵ǵľܶࡣ
ԣҶԴƶϣ;öɽӦԼĽǮΪӦֲ⣬Աܽġ
ôЩƱأ
Ҷ˿ڸϵĴӣĸ֣жʱȻˣָ֣ĲǵϵĽǶɽµĵع
ƶϳĻôڴӣӦþǸڵع֮ϵһʶ棬ӦýжɽµĵعҺп˶ɽĲƱΪ˽һ죬ڶɽ±֮󣬺ܹЩƱɽؽ
뵽һ֮Ҷ;Լ֮ǰ벻ͨĺܶ飬ʱͻȻˡ
룬ΪʲôؽɽµȤôһΪҪ¢϶ɽµԴϺӶʡԴȦӶʡҵȻձ
һ棬ҶͶ֮ȻԸֵҪԭ򣬾ΪⶫɽµĲر
ֲðҶԼŶֲ嵱ʱ׵ؽļƻҪɽµԭַΪزĿΪͶؽɽµĽȻһ뷨ġ
ĴӦҪôɽеԭַͳķزĿõأôһĻȫΧǽȦȻ޼ɵؽھҵɽµعλãĲƱȡΪС
һ£Ǵ˼ĲƱоԲϡ䱦ܹóȥĻƺ׾ܹĵһ۵ˮƽôڵصͶʣͿԺԲˡ
˵Ļʮٱģѹؽɽ˸Ȥ
Ҷ뵽;ԼжϷǳе˵ĻûɣͬҶַ˵ǰ£ȻĿƶᣬûشȫûбҪ
˵ʲôĸԸʲôģһΨͼ˶ԣʲôأ
ҺãûͬķҵųȥҶɵøеЩˡ
ȻˣҶԼ֪Ļܹ֤ʵԼƶȷģһڵ˶ɽµĵعͲƱҲܽЩΪУΪгΪԼжʧɹҲƱʧȥĻʹˣû׷ΣԼҲеܲ
ǱƵƣ϶Ǽܵġ
ʲôأôصӣһԿˣ;Ҷһ˼ı飬ɵЩʵ
ãҶɽ֮󣬾еŹŹֵֹģһ˵Ļ굽棬ȥ鿴ʲô
ҶôȻеģǸͨЩ
еɣǲڶɽ߶Ĺѹ̫󣬰ҶŪˡ
ǺǣϿˡҶȻ˵룬ϾֻԼĲ²ѣһҪʵ֮󣬲ܹöЦŶ˵˵ɽ߶бصģҵгģҪѰϷˡ
ɽбأôõĵطбأˣȻʮš
ƺĻеĲмЩԱ߶ԶļͷУһȽϴľͺһ˶ʲôⶫɽ¼ʹڿս֮ǰҲԶķʥأиʲôϹҪǶǴ찡ںĹУһֵǰ
ҶˣɵôȤͿ˿λߣֶԷӦ߰ʮˣӣɫ󣬺Щɵ
ǶɽˣҶ˹ȥͷ̣Ȼ̸
Ӵ̰ллˡͷҶݹ̣еȣٿҶļһӣ̾Ͳ˳λ˵ݿ϶򵥣Ǹ󣬷Ļôų
Ҳܿ͸˵̣ڴ
ǶǶɽˡϳһλһ̣˵ˣСʲôҪ𣿡
ǺǣҾǶŶɽͦȤġҶЦЦǰڵط־ϲϣ˵ǶɽʢǱļ֮һ¼Ϊʢֻڿսǰڱ𣬺ؽľ֮˶ˣԾܹʵȻ˸еȽĺ
ȷʵĺءλߵ˵ͷЩͬе㿴ڣصѣҲһˣڴӣ˵һµʱķʢĶûʲôˡ
ԣɽ¾ַϣǶϱڲԫߵһǽҲһ׶ߣҲ̦Ӳӳױ˷֣ϸϸȥѰңܿһ
ΣҰܣ˵漫һɪĸо
ʮʱ߶أʢЩҲǺģͷӡƺ˻ϻӣҸͬĵ棬ȥժֲĺϽĺңЩɮ׷ϣ龰Ҳû
ˣҶˣɵЩʵ
ɽ±˲ʮˣλ˵ʮʱ򣬻ķʢȻʱӦڶɽ±֮ǰһӵľô˵ߵ䣬϶Сˡ
Ǻǣϸ£ոչ˰ʮաЦŻشμӿս뿪ĶɽȫصߣʮҶص˶ɽ
ҶˣʱЩ˷û뵽λȻǵ궫ɽ·ʢļ֤ߡ
үӣɽбأԱ߶һ˳
˵еģ˵ɽµиعרһЩֵǮƷҲЩǵҪҵֻǴҲعٻأҲɢȥȴ֪عǷˡ߻شֻôûдֵعϢǴڵİɡ
Ҷ֮вɵЩӣɽбذ


987 ӵ
Ҷ֮вɵЩӣɽбذ
ֽ˵ɽµһϵȵ֬ɣСʱǼʶģʱѾΧΧҹɮ˿أսһ뿪˶ɽҲû˵䡣
үӣж߶󣿡ĸȤʵ
Ŷ˵ˣҪ˲С˵ӶúڱʯǶģһ㣬߻ش
ôţҶУѶɽµʢԭˡ
ҪؽɽأΪʶɽʢΪܸܲṩһЩοʲôģĩˣҶһ¡
Ǻǣҿɵ𡣡ЦЦˣԲãƢҲŹ֣ǰﲻʲôæˡ
߿˿ҶЩʵСѣǳԹҷˣѧ
ǺǣҲμӹȽ磬ںôɵ¶ҶЦŻشָ㣬ջడǶлˡ
Ҫؽɽ£Ҳһ顣߾͵ͷʾҸڼҵľʿǰɽ±һ£ʼǹڻġ
ҪǴؽɽµĻӦܵõȺڵְ֧ɣҶһ䡣
֧֣Ϊʲô֧أͷ׷ױʾɽµܴģؽɽ£ܹӲԶأڴٽط÷չôܶģڸضзչҵľٴ룬ǶɽôһӣҲ˳ӦģӦ֧֡ңɽµںܶģȺڻġ
ɽưܶˣڣ֮󣬵Щɵʵ
Ȼˣ㿴ǿôĺ첼ЩʵģֻûˣԴҲŸΪΰǿɴġ˾ͽ͵
ŶӰˣ˵ͷ˵
ʵڿ֮ǰЩֲ꣬ûˣֻҶ͵ڼ¡Щп˵ⶫܱܲű˸һǾͳ˹Ю
ᵱЩˣһ;ɵĻšһͷ˰ֵǰ𶼸򵹣Ȼһôҳݰˡ
ǰҲûй飬ڹڼ˼ڲʢˣжǸı䲻˵ġ˵
ҶһˣȻ㷢ʲôۣȴҲע⵽˼ͷ̸۵һ⣬򱳡
ʵǺҪģǿȨܹ@һʱû˳ӦʱƣôվһҪģ˶ʱȴûжܹǵס
û֮󣬾û˵Լû˵ĵߣû˵ߵˣǷǳµģΪҪʲôȫ֪ɱ˷ŻģµΪ޷Ԥϵġ
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߶¡һ춫ɽΧ棬Щ̤ʵ
ӱɽоָץȥȻûʲôǾĴûҲû׶¡ڲ֣Ѹɽоֻδ
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ڵǣ¡ڲֵĻܻӰ쵽ʡİȫֵĻȴֻͶǵĻԣӰڵĺѾˡ
ڵҲҳһŶڸ۵Ǳ߶ĵλʵֻ˵Ƕƫ£ԸߣȲ˼һҸǣҪչĻ͵ѰµĻ
¡ڣߵһ壬¡ڳһʡ֮λͬˣȨҲǿˣӶʡгȻкܴİģҲһ⣬Ǿ¡ԼҲһ뷨ģδؾͻȫġ
֣еǳ⣬ȴûʲô취
Ȼһ㹻ȨҪµ뷨ˡ
ɽؽļֵжǷֵͶôأ¡ںȻ˵ˣе
Ȼ岻Ϊ¡Ϊ⣬ֻܹ֯һԣȻ¡˵ӱʵǮģ˽һһɽ֮⣬ֻյѣԴܱ߽һʩøҵ档
¡ڵ˵ͷ뷨Ҳӣǰδ£ͶôǮȥʵǲȡģϾڵĺӶʡֵͶʵĵط٣δؾֻܰĿͶҵϡ
Ȼ˵Ҳø·֮ЧӦ£ҵķչǷܹ־ʽЧ˭涼û׶
ǻһ㣬ҲӦÿǾǶɽҲڸٷչǰҹ¡˵ǲԼķչĿ꣬ͬʱҲԽضɽеķչᣬһ˶˳糵
ŶҶ۵Ǻܸߡ¡֮΢Щ㵣Ȼŵ˵
Ϊɽлдķչ뷨϶ǽҶɽеǰ֮µģΪҶһܹʶ϶¡ڸеЩ⡣
̳֮Уܹÿһ֣ΪһԹƽľУκһֶпӱϡ٩٩̸Ҷı񣬲Դ棬Ҷĵ̽ӰҲ൱ǿֻһκܵͶͿԿóһҪʱĸɲչطȻҪҪҲŻ˵ɽб̲ź̻ܶ
⻰˵ãȽпϡ¡ڵ˵ͷĻʾͬҶڽеʱ򣬾ͳֿȭһҼȷʵһˣһ֪ʵҲСԼ鷳
ʵڣѾ鷳ˡԼǵùӣҲɵ̾˿ԼǹģΪʿٵ飬ҲڸҶͬˮҪҶ׬Ǯȴô׵ˡ
˵ģڶɽзչܹطӪҶ߶ʲô鷳ڶɽиĻҶǻȭġ
ˣǷǳӡ
Ƕؽɽµ飬еƺѾһЩɬı仯ˣ֪Լļƻǲܹ˳ʵأ


988 ͵Ӱ
˸гиҪעһ¡Ҷ֮󣬾͸ίгֳ˽Ѵ˸绰ȥһЩ顣
õģףס˽Ҷ˵סصͷǡ
˵绰֮󣬾Ͱؾ֧ӵĶӳԬ˹
гңԬÿ˵˽ѵİ칫ң˽ʵ
ţе齻졣˽ѳ֣ʾȻͷԸղҶг绰ң̸˶ɽµ⡣
ŶԬˣеԡ
ɽʲôأǱ߶һѵѣϱڲԫģõĶȥĵطʲôأ
Ҷг˵ɽǱ߶һڴӣ˽ûȥɽǱ߶˶ǺһѯԬ
ǵģһڴӣ˵δĹˡԬˣ̾ͻشǿӿǱȽϴģȻɽ»ˣӻڣ˵кдǱ߶סţÿʱ䣬Ҫӵģв˹ȥ֣ӡ
ŶǾ˵ȷʵˡ˽ѵ˵ͷҶг˵յϢ˻ǿڴӴ⣬ϣоϵģץҪ÷ǵóѡ
Ҫ͵ǿڴӣⲻǷ˰ɣԬˣʱ;е˼顣
Ҫ˵ǿڴǻͭĻƴ˻Ƚ϶һЩһͭӣǻ¯ĻҲǱȽ鷳ģӵȽϴ󣬷Ҳأɽϣ˵ô¶ֻ˵ɽ͹ͷʹġ
Ϊ˼ٿǧǮôȥɽ͵ӣҪðű˷ֵķɽҲδؾҵõߵĵطĳֺõ飬˭Ըȥأ
ԬʵǾãԸˣһǮˣеµС͵ȥ飬Ҫ˵ʲôΪ͵ӣǰȵ˾ȥﱸ顣
ΪҶг˵飬϶ҥ
ȻҶгԸˣǾ͵õģһ͵ڴô죿˽ʲôˣһԬı飬֪еΪȻǾ͸Ҫôӱ˸͵ˣҶгŭ˵ԼҲ޹Ⱑ
ǣг˵öԣҾȥ顣Ԭ̷֮ʡһ£ΪԼ̬ȷʵе⡣
Ȼ쵼ĹȻģֻҪȥͿˣαطʲôεԭ򣬷Ҫҳĵطأ
ԼĲҲе˰ɣ
Ԭͨһ㣬̬ʱ˺ܴĸĹۣ̾˽˱֤ŵȥӡ
ԭԬֻˣÿȥɽϿˣ˵˽ѵĻ;Լ뷨ҪãǾͰԱֳһ൹ڶɽ´ӵĸϣջ
ν쵼Ķ죬ľ͵ܶȣӵˣȻеģΪǿǿȷʵûʲôֵ
ľɵʱ򣬶ûаڴӸˣʱҲûаڴӸˣȻˣֻ˵ڴûʲôڸУҲΪʲôˣԱŵĻȥ͵ӡ
ȻԸǿǵ쵼ʱǷǳ֣صģ˾еһֵĴȻɽȥסĵطȥˡ
һ㣬˰Сʱһţһ˯ҲֵĸСʱİѣ㲻ʲô̫飬ֻǳڼûʲôЩưˡ
㵽׷ʲôҶ׷ʵ
ǺҶϰߵģûĻҶôĵȥһڴӵİȫ⣿
Ȼ˵ɽµһڴӣҲǹнǧʷǴӼֵôֵǮģϾղرӵУղִӵˣûС
һռطһղֶǸ˵ⶫǴӷŪ𣿸ղصˣ飬ʵҲǱȽϼɻġ
һһ죬˼ĺҵ˼˵ⶫģʩʩɣǸʱӦôأ
˰ɣһʧеۣɣЩҲǺǵģҪǲ㣬йͷ۵ġ
ﲢҶĻ˵ʲô͵ӣǾֻǱϵĻӡ
ôһ֣ҾãڴӣӦǹڶɽµعϷġҶ˵
Ϊʲôô֪أˣʱЩȵ
ҶͰķֽ˽ڴӣ־֮ĸ֣Ȼɽ˵ع֮⣬ûĹԣڴڵĵطǵعڵĵط
˼˵ǿô£ǵعڵλãˣȻˣôֱӿھͿΪڶɽµعıӦ˵ùȥģҲʡ˶黳Ұġ
ȻģҵϣѰġҶЦЦ
ѵ֪ҪѰЩɵʵ
ɡҶ˵ͷڻѾĿˡ
Ҷ˵⻰ȻҲϹ˵Դؽɽµǳ֮һֱǣϸϸоؽɽºͿķ֮󣬸ǿ϶һ㡣
ǽɽϵżпһ˿ɺ;ɫҶԼĲ²еġ
ⷽĿǣҶͰ˵˽ȥ顣
ΪԼͶʶɽؽĿķȥ֮Ǻѵˣ϶Ҫ飬ҵɽµعıء
Ļһöˣʧȥ˶ֵĻᡣ
˵ˣɽ۰ֻϿ˷Ȼϴ˯ȥЩСȣп಻
ԹԼˣƽʱҪǿСҶЦ˾˯ܿġ
ǰҸоСϣƺǰЩˡһᵽüͷ˵򣬻Ҷ֣ȥԼСӡ
Ҿͦõģû׸⡭ҶȻųĶֻ˵ţʹȥˡ
ᣬȥˡȻ˵һ䣬ȴû˿Ե˼Щŵش·水Ҷ֣Ҳ֪Ҫֹ룬ǲ뿪ìܰ
Ҷ˵˵ЦЦģ뷨뽻һֻǿǵڴģһʲôţǾͺܲˣûвȡʵԵж
Ȼ˻ûһСʱȥϴʱҶͽӵ˵˽ѵĵ绰
Ҷг񰡣˽Ѵĵ绰棬ԵһһէģóϵȽϼ
ôˣϵˣҶǳطʵ
ҶгҪ㱨һµģڶɽ´Ǹ顣˽ڵ绰д˵ǵ˸ոմϢ˴ǿڴӵأ
ǰɣҶˣʱЩȵ
Ȼ˵˿ȥ͵ӣʵϵĿȴǴӸĶʱɳȥľԱ˵͵ӣҶ滹еˡ


989 δã
ɽоؾ֧ӳԬȥɽ϶صļˣǾḻľԱ
֪϶û¶Ծ˸ط˯ȵϣ˾񣬾Ϳʼע۲ˡ
˭֪ˣôˣȻĵ˴Ǳ߶ֵһӣƺʲô׼һ㡣
ֵľԱ龰ȻǾΪ֮һ񣬾ûǻˡ
һ˿ֳһ˾͸֧ӳԬ绰˵߶顣
͵ӣԬˣȴǴһû뵽ᷢ飬ȷʵеϡ
ҲҵϽ͸˽Ѵ˵绰͵ӵ˹Ȼˣ
¶˽ˣҲţȴеֹ˵Ҷг㰡Ȼ˵ˣ
ǵ˽Ѿ͸Ҷ㱨һ£˵Ǳ߶ȷʵ¶
ŶҲһ͵ӵģйעǵĶͿˣעⱣ֤ʲôġҶ֪Ͽ϶ûʲôɹԸȥˡ
ʱ򣬾ͿҶڷʲôϾɵϣɵЩʵո绰˵ʲôȥ͵ˣ𣿡
͵ӣǳŶɽµĲرȥİˡҶЦЦ
㻹ôʵɽµĲر͵ˣгҲʰɣ
ǺǣǵطбأעǰæµһҶʾþ֣ҪǸȥ˳ϣҵԷİѱѣûǻҵء
㽲ǰìղ˵صع£˵ûбأʲô˼ҶĻʱ;ЩͿˡ
Ǻǣҵ˼˵ԭڵλõ£һعģҪ֪ڴڵλãѾԭλˡҶ͵ԴΪѰ϶󽣵ʲ࣬Ҳ˿
Ŷôһ˵Ҿ׹ˡ˵ͷҶ˼
תһ룬;ҶӦûʲôû˵ģǾ׷ʵȻ㶼Ԥ⵽͵أô϶Ѿ֪Է˰ɣ
úףҶûһ޷ó˻ȥɽµĽۡ
ǺǣҶˣͷ΢Ц
ǡЩ۵ˣԼĥһӣеüĿˡ
ǺǣпܡҶЦЦûп϶Ҳûз񶨡
￴Ҷϵı飬ʱѾܹȷˣȻ۵ɽҪؽɽ£ûĿģһΪɽȦȷʵֵͶʣһΪҪ
ɽµռȽϴܴĵؽھѹûпҵأǱȰĿõ֣пܽ顣
ҶȻΪʲôĿУǺͿԾĿγ˾ĸ֡
ôһȷԼԻöɽؽĿ壬ȻЩסˣΪͨ˽⵽ҶĹϵãʽ㣬Ŀòʲôôˡ
ǲҪҪľĿò֣޷ģؿʼѰż
ǺȻڶɽ±أҲһЩ˽ģĻҲǱ߶ȥҲܰȥǱ߶򱦡
Ѿ˽˵Ѹ٣ڡҶ˵
۵ˣֻҪһ̶ȵģٶһЩ⣬Ҳʲô¶ڸ۵ҲȽ˽⣬ҶĻδûΪС
ҴķңԴ˽ҶﲻΪȻ͸¶һЩ
ʵʮĩֱʮĩʮУ۵ڵ˽İӺܶ࣬ʱڣڸոտŲãںܶ෽涼ûо飬Ҳûʲôϴ򽻵ֶΣԲ淶ĵطܶࡣ
Ҳһʱڣִ߽չϷҲܶ࣬ũ壬߱УѰÿһмֵ͹ŶȻֶͨ㵽֡
еĺܶڵϼǮȥģǾͶ˽Խʼ۵˺Ŷ˳ȥ߽
ʱںǳ˼Ĵӣ永гʮԪģνǴĿģеʷĻǣ涼Ǵ˵˽ӵĲⱣɴ˿ɼһߡ
ķңҲԴ˽
ĲַҪΪһЩ¶ûôſͬʱҲӪҵڵظһЩĿͶʲôģԸĹעࡣ
Ҷʶȥ治֪λĶ³ʵҲһ˽ĸ֣мҡ
ԴⷽʶҶؽɽµĶ˱Ƚε뷨
湻ϸµģһ뵽ôֻࣿڵͶأԼͱԵò֪ϱˡˣɵЩп˵
ǺǣΪһ֮ҿ϶öԼͶʸ𵽵׵ġҶʾͶ̾ȻǵôҲ̫Цˣҵδ棿˽Ͷ̵ȾͶ̵ȲãͶܹڵĺôҲҪؿǵġ
˵ĺеˣ˵ͷʾͬ
ҪôأڱʵֱʾԼǣôĻ᲻е̫ˣ㲻֪Ƿܹ島Ϲϵ£޷֤Ĳ²⣬ǣֻݾߡ
˵ûȷʵһ⡣ҶҲûзϡ
ڶɽ¾ַһûڵ֮ǰҲ˵ǾڱģϾ׽ߣûƾʵݣҲǵ
ǣֻڴӵھĻѹҲعģȻʲô飬Ҳ޴˵
ʵõİ취֪عȷλãȻڱȵڳһٰ֮һ򾡣׵ˡ˵ֻǵعأ
عλãȷʵȷҷеϣ涼ûйⷽļءᵽ飬ҶҲһĪչ
Ȼ˵ط־Ҳ˹ڶɽµĸ涼ûἰعλãȻҲͨҵԭλãȷϵعλڣͷϵҲܹȷӵĳʼλã޴ˡ
ˣڵǸӡ뵽⣬Ҳɵüͷ°ͣЩ˵ɽôһƬطҪȷعһ鷳¶ء
ߣҲа취ġҶȻ֮䣬뵽˽ɽλߣͣӦܹǵãǿڴǹɣ
Ҫܹȷһ㣬ͺðˡ


990 ǳ϶
ؾ֧ӵԱ۾һϡ
ǿЩˣڴӵ·˺ܾãһֱ賿ĵųȥ
磬˵ʲôأ
˵ѲѰģ
طʲô
˵˵ɽǰǺܷʢģҲʲô֮
ҾùǺбҲڵص
ձ˴Ƚϼɢȥбʱ˺һֱڴ̣ҲûлľʲôģôƵĺҲˡ
뷨ȻǱȽϷʵģΪЩ˰ҹɽڵأԲǳԱ˳ŵģӦʲôݵġ
ǵĶҲǱȽ˵ĹרùӦֶֻⷽǲǰǷĹе
ԬΪʲôɴǸҪһֱȥ֪һʲôʱء
ôʲôûڵҲظǵ֤ݣֻٹ죬Ҳʲôʵɡش
ǾͼŰɡ
ŴҹӹܵԶȻͬ˵ŻһûеʶЩڱˡ
⼸˵УƺһΪףվŲżǱ߶ָһ£˹ȥһ
ǸͷĿ翴˿ͼӵò
ؾˣҲ൱⣬ϸһ֮󣬻ͷܹ˸ܻһˡŷƵġ
Ϊ⼼ܣؾ棬Ҳһ鹤У쵼ӡ
һ֧ӳԬʵҲǱ˶ĳӡ
翴һ֮󣬾ͳһСȻǦ湴ʱӵԾȻֽϡ
Ȼֹ۲һӣ˵ĴҲȥ
ΪǺҹ棬ûʹƻע⵽ǵĴڣҲֻʹֻķʽԷ¼
٣дû˵ŮѻΣҿǰøһ㡭֮ͬ󣬾ʹ޵
û¶ʲôͲŮѸˣһ
ٺ٣Ķܰ
ɽ֮̾Ϳ档
ͬǳᣬץʱ˯һ
ȻѾܹȷҪ߶¶ģӵˣȻѾȷĿ꣬ҪˣȻûʲôҪˣʱ˯ʱ
ոճԹ緹͵ȵ㱨
ϰ塣ӽ֮󣬹غһ
ţѽջΣʵ
ʲôûз֡ӵɫǺܺãǰѴΧԲʮ׵ĵ¶̽ˣûзʲôԾĵط
ôӣ֮󣬶ʱüͷһ壬ȻǶ⣬Ǵ˶̽׶
عжȷʵ˵Ż˶ʣ̽׶̫ǳĻδؾܹ̽õعλϡ
ǵȺ͵˱ض֪
ͦģʮˣҲ㡣Ӷɣûиеʲôģ͵һϣҶûţվһ񣬲еĻϽ̽ɡ
ʱͣ˰ɡ忼ãҡҡͷҲⲻԾӦǳǿڴϡ
ӰˣʱеЩ档
ԭܼ򵥣ǿӣôҲӦùϵġ͵ڶɽֹģ棬ӦһרҴӵͤӣǳڴӹҵϣǾֻ˵һ⣬궫ɽ±֮󣬴ӵλҲ仯ˣʱ˴ϣֻû뵽һҾǼʮ꣬Ҳûлصȥԭλϡ
ԣҵ˴ӣȴҲ֮£ǵعڵλˡӰˣʱͻȻ
ȻһŶϰ壬¶Ҳ򵥰ֻҪҵԭͤλþͿ
ˡ°˵ɽ±ٲʮˣĴӹʲôطû˼ǵס𣿡
⡭ȷʵǸ⡭ӰˣʱһͿ
飬ҲһûС忴Ӱһ̵ۣ˵һȥһط־ûйڶɽµĽṹͼʲôģͼεĻǾˡ
ڶɽĵ£ط־һӦϸᵽģǶͤʲôλϣ滹δػעˣô˵ʵҲҪ
һ·ߣܱûͷҪǿһЩ
һ㣬߷һµصľ񣬿Щ곤ߣǷ񻹼ǵõʱΡָһ
˼ҪӰĴЩǣҵɽµعľλãĻһҶɽؽ̰Ǹ۵Ͳ֮ҵ¶Ͳôˡ
ʱ˼ҽƤռˣûʲôˣ޷̵ģϾϣѾͶ˺ܶѪ
ǡĻƵƵͷȻһЩɵɫ
㻹ʲôҪ˵ע⵽Ӱĵɫ
Ӱԥһ£վǽԼе˵˳ϰ壬ֻеɣôܹȷɽһ˱أ飬ϾǴ˵ıȽ϶࣬ʵģȴһ
˼ȻҲ˷ﱾûбأͶٶѪҲҵʲôĻ˵ҶҪװһ˶
Ȼ˵ǰҲٵ飬Ҳ˽ܶڵص͹ŶѰʲôģȴͷһ⣬һز¡
еģԼڰ죬˲٣ȴһǾͳ˱˵Ц
ϣܹʵһҪѰ棬ڵصĻǺܶģҼĹһԽû׼кܺõջһû߶ûضѰ棬ʵǲ׶
ڶɽµı٣ҿԷǳ϶ĸ㣬¶ʵġ˰֮վǽ˵˳Ϊ飬Ҹ֮ǰҵģ֮ǰֻһֱûлɽѰˡ
˵ģѵЩرӰЩ
ȸǲһʱص֮һͷϵȻ˵һӸеԾĻȸǶɽһλС
Ӱˣûк£ԼͣȻϢˡ
ʵ˵Ļɽȷʵбġ


991 һ֣
ĸףȷʵǶɽµһС
ǸʱĸͲȴܻ飬ҲüĿ㣬صԶɽһЩڴߵĲʱĸҲ顣
ֻǵЩˣ˽ȷʵ˳ƵһȻûлص½ȴܹؿƿʼûκ˵ǰἰɽ²ر顣
ĸǰ֪ô˵ڶɽµ飬ʶؽ˳ɱĻҲ֪ԼǰУһ˲ر֮¡
ʵϣǰûнϣֻǾò׶
¡Ӷʡδʡ֮Ӷ֮󣬾ͷֶɽ¹ȻǴڵģʷҲȷʵĸĻһ¡
ôһͶ˼ˣŲ֮˲رʵֻǲرľλãؽɽ£׵ؽԭַزķĿȻϣԽ˻ᣬھɽ²ر
׵˵ɽĲرǴķкüʮôһǼֵǵĹԹ
ܹõɽµĲر߶ԪҲֵƱˡ
οƽм޼ۣʯгʼǿʯ۸һ·߸ߣܹѰǼĻֵҪԶԶسеĴܺ͵ġ
ԭżᶨؽɽµ뷨¡ڣ֧Լؽɽ£϶ɽԴ
Ȼ¡ڲʵĿģ˽⣬֪ĵ䷶ô϶ԭġ
ķ¡ڶ˾ٶʲôϾɽȦһɵĻڵطҲãʡҲãкǿӰ졣
¡ûɷȥ飬Ҳֻбʾһȵ֧֡
Ȼˣ¡˽⵽ɽʵΪڱô϶ͬ뷨ģô˵¡ڶǺӶʡĴʡЩΪıҲƱ
飬ץ˲У©˷ĻͲðˡ棬ʵҲǱȽżġ
ļΪûԸͬʱھѺŵĶʿٵ飬Ҳǳͷۡ
¡ڵӰҲԽԽˣһʡȻһгûа취Ľô޷顣
ߣ¡ڵ棬۵ˣ
뵽һ㣬Ҳеᡣ
ʿƼʻҲãռʻҲãײҲãʵЩУ㲻ʲô¶֮Ի鷳ҶĸԤ
ˣʿͱųˡ
ԣ˼ȥԼӦü¡ںҶ֮䣬ǸͲӦһЩҶͨһ£ȡĻϵʱԽãԽңڶɽչͶʼƻ
ʿٵ鲻ôĶɽ̽ƻҲпܻܵӰ죬ǰ;زۣ޷ܵĽ
ʱ򣬸øλҶг̸һ̸ˡһӣ¶˾ġ
ӰĿԼϰ壬һһģ治ɵЩǣһʱЩѹʱ֪ϰЩʲôء
ģȥһĻͳҼŮӣҪҶгһ̸顣Ӱ˵
ǣϰ塣Ӱ̾Ӧ
Ϊ֣ӰĵôܴͷҲ齻죬Ǻʲ
Ӱ뿪֮ͳ˼Ӧʲôӣ˵Ҷʿһ档
ʱҶԼг칫棬ȡ˽ѵĻ㱨
㱨ȻǹڶɽǱ߶Ե˽ѽؾ֧ӳԬִľԱҲˡ
дĹ׺ΩΩФҶɴд֮󣬾ͳһ䣬ϵ˰о˲ţҪúòǡ
Ҷгָʾȷʵȷʵؾ֧ӵһḻĸɾ׼á˽ѶԼĶ黹ǱȽ˽ģһҰȥԬ֧ӳ˵Ҷгľھѡ˾ʵ֤ѡȷģǸɵȷʵ
ɵ̬ԵЩнϾг͸гǰ˵Ҫ˵ǲܵġ
ǵ˽ѱоֵľְֳ񣬲ˣгҶһˣҲûʲô̫׶ļӣе΢һЩ
ѾӣǸ۵ͲŶ³氢ģǸкڵڸ۵Ǳ߶¶ˣ˶¡ؾ֧ӵĶӳɽܵˣǰĵ£ǵַӦǸɹ͵ؾĹĹģǸȥͷһЩʧѲϵǺп֯ؽڵмֵ˽ۡ
оַҲеģһЩҪϣڵϢƻò
ܹô̵ʱڣǵĵϸҲ൱ˣ֧Ĳ
ϵˣзֵ¶ǾǿҶ뵽ɵ˵˽һ䡣
ǺǣǾְذɡ˽ѱҶôһ䣬ҲüЦ
ҶƽʱǺô˵ģôһ䣬൱ͬˣ˽ˣȻֿ˻
ҶгһӦô죿ɾʾڿЩûе֮ǰ϶ǲֵģǧշ²ΪܵȨźá
Ҷˣͷӳ뷨еǵýȨԼУöԷǣűߡԣҪһľ尲ţһ£ǷУ
Ҷгָʾͬʱ̬
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ɫ֪࣬⼸λһЩ֮󣬶ԼгǳصģҲͲʲô㽫Լ뷨˵˵
ĿǰȻǷߣһѰ֪ߣǷܹȷͤλáҶ˵ܹȷһ㣬ôǾ֪˵عλãرİȫԾͿԱ֤ˡ
ҲͤľλãôҪԽӽ˸׽ͶҶ˶úϸͽŶ˵
ѵҪһ𣿡˽ˣ̾ͷӦ˹ֵֻĻ˻ϵ
Ҫ֪ȻȽϴ˼ҲɵӰ
ǺǣŪһŶɽµĽṹͼγ¶˵᲻ϵأҶЦŷʵ
ˣʱǰһ˵취ͦõģһԡ


992 ¡ʡСֶ
ʱҶ칫ĵ绰ͻȻԵЩͻأ
ãҶҶ˵绰˵
ҶгãͲŵ壬Ҷгȸ裬̸һͲڹͶʵ飬֪Ƿ绰У̬ȷǳϿǫѯʵ
ţȲ谡Ҷһ£ðɣ㰲ŸطˡûпնĵңԳһЩʱ㡣
лҶгʱҹˣʱʾл⡣
˵绰֮ҶͶ˵λĶ³ƺеסˡ
Ҷгɼ˸ȥ˽Ѿѯʵ
ڼȻѾ֪ĸײɾôҶг棬еˡ
һʲô۶ӵĻΣҶİȫô죿
Ϊо־ֳ˽ⷽҪһεģעҶİȫ
û¶ûбҪҲƵģ¶ģ˵ˣҲ֪Ѿӻ档Ҷ˰ֵҹƣһιңΪӵ顣
ŶҲе˽ˣԼ˼⣬;Ҷ˵Ĳ
˵ˣ˼ͲͶʵԼңгģܲܰͶưɣҶ˵һ
˽Ҫ˵ʲôǿ˿Ҷվû˵
ҶǼ飬˽֪ģǰоĸɹȥҲδؾܹù˼ҶľֻҪһ£Ҷ֪˽ѶȫĹģҲͿˡ
վڵ˽ѵϿ⣬ҲҶȸ裬ܳʲô⡣
һӣίľݵĵ绰ʹ˹˵¡ʡˣټίҪ쵼ǹȥ̸
ãˡҶһ̯˫ֵŵ˽˵ϵˣһ߰ɣȥݼʡȥ
á˽ѵ˵ͷȴλ¡ʡôð
Ҳѹˣ¡ʡͶ̣Ȼ͵ؾĹмңôأ
˽УͲȥίǱ߶
ֻίίǶ׷׵ˣгǣ˴ЭȰ쵼ҲˣǸ¡ӡ
ϾʡȻڻֻǴģǹ׵˴ᣬʡҲͻ˳תˣϣһ㲻ʲôӣǳ˲ӣ˵ϲ쵼ʶ˲ô
ԣǾԲġ
ʵڸʡϵ쵼ɲ˴ỹ߸ѣλɲȷʵںܴ⡣
ǰĳʡйһλɲΪ֮󣬱Ӧýίӵģ֪ʲôˣ˼ѡ֮ǰɢŪüɹڳίѡϣȻƱûй룬ûѡʡίί
ôһĺòݣϯʡίί飬־һֱһ֮󣬲ǽʡίί
Ȼˣĸɲϣһ㶼ǴڱȽϴģԶ֮ȷʵΪ⣬˸ˣ֮֡
Ҷ¶浹ڹţ¡ڷʱ򣬻᲻Ҳأ
ջʵͦģڻе¡ʡĿ⣬ͳ˺棬˵еȷĸоӶʡʡλӣ¡˶أ
¡ΣԱ߶ʡ鳤ȫ
ɽίľĳί͸гΧһȦҶ֮Ҳ˸кȻҵԼλãľ߶
˴θɽЭϯʷܣйϯʯиƵҲȻ˵ǵĵλҪѷһڼϻǲ͵ģֽӴУ϶Ҫȫ֣Ļʧ
⻹ҵһɽп칤ҿŶͦġ¡ڼ˶ˣЦ˵ǵУľͬ־ǰоҶͬ־ˣĲϤҶͬ־ΪѴҸҽܽܰɣ
¡ʡȻô˵ˣҿ϶ǲܾܾˣʵڶɽҲһˣгĴ֣ûȥءҶЦЦǵľǱøһЩڶɽе˽Ҳ࣬Խ¶Ͱɡ
¡ںҶĶԻʱһֹŹֵĸо
˵ͬ־ǵ飬ӦίľݳŶԣϾ˳һ֣¡ƫƫһ¾ѡҶʲô˼ľǵôأ
Ȼ¡ڴ˾٣߿˵⣬Ҳ˵Ϊ֮ҪľݺҶ֮䣬Ϊֳϵ飬϶
Ϊ쵼ĵľǵµĲһ紵򲻽Ļ쵼ĹͲˣױ˸ܿˣΪ֮Ҫ֮ìչеʱҪһЩСìܣԱڹ
ȻˣҲ˵ڰһֳľӪ֮ǹҵһ˾дЧ棬ˮһ̶Ļȥˡ
ٳϸ̳ҲһģҶھӪҵֻҪɵĿͬѡ
ҶķӦҲеҵϡ
ȻҶûоܾ¡ڵ飬Ҳ¡ڴ˾ٵĲ֮ȴֱľݳէڶɽеϤԽ޴ңҲʲô¶еġ
ôһľݵҲҪÿһЩڱΪҶܿˡ
¡ʡҶг֮䲻ϵĴԣǿѨ簡ίĺ˴˾вɵһһᡣ
֪ҶʡίɽǵӣܹζɽдгҲɽһƶģԶɽеıɲǣûܹҶƴϵ¡ڴʡĳ֣ǿһ˿ϣ
Ȼ¡ʡҶЩ⣬ôΪҶĶͷȻл¡ڴʡֵ֧Ŀˡ
뵽ĺ鲻ɵЩԼӦ˽ݻ¡ʡһΣһ̬ȣȡõֲ֧
ڵĶɽУľݺҶλսɲ͹ǿƣһλǲίĳг÷Ҳһʡ͵ĵƣĺ;ԼĵλˣѾԵļ
Ȩĺԣȷʵһѽܵ顣
ۿ¡ʡпܸػȨĵϣĺȻЩͲסˡ
Ҷվνɽеĸɲǣ¡֣˷׷վͷ⣬˵׵Ļ
֮Ҷ¡ڴʡ̬ȣǾԶ֮ĸ֣Ͼַǳؼʱ򣬹رԼ̬ȣʲô¶
һ飬õȵ䶨֮󣬲źýУϾʡίɽǵѹ֮£¡ϵ֣Ҳô׾ܹõġ
ʵϣ֪ܶ¡Ҷûʲô취ʱ򣬾;ʡȷʵЩˡ
Խ¡ľݺҶϵС֮󣬲ûԸ˵Уʧֲ٣Ҿλ¡ʡ粻


993 ỰȨ
¡ڸɽ˵Ļ棬ûгãҲǰСʱӡ
¡ھ̸ʡڶɽؽĿӣԼ۵ͲⷽƵλ֮ܶҪΪδֶɽؽĿ̵棬˴һԤ롣
ͲŵʵۺֵΡ¡ڱʾǰϵθʡڼ䣬͸ͲŵĶ³нӴʱһ˺ܶĿϰնõʵݡĶ³㶫ɽؽĿԽɽΧԴγɲҵطõλͬʱҲܹͳĻҸΪһ¶
֮󣬾Ʒ¡ʡ˼Զвͬĸܡ
ҶԣȻǸе¡ڶֻͦ浹мּЦ˼Ը¡ʶ˲ѵĹӭҲ֪վҪԼġ
ĺ뵽һ㡣
Ȼ¡ʡ˿أôԼĶ³ҲһѸٽӽ¡ʡĽݾ
ĺͺܻ˳ض¡ʡķԱʾ˻ӭ¡ʡ˵úðЩΪ󻷾ϵһЩӰ죬ͳĻڵܵ˸Ӱ죬ںܶԼ֪ܶĴͳڵѾʧڸ۵Ǳ߶ıȽͱؽɽ̣һŶɽµͼζò˸е̾Ϣ
ڶɽУĺڵĵλҡҡ׹Ҳѹ¡ڵĵС
ĺ˵ĻҲ˵Ǵġ
ΪʮƽٵӰ죬֮ǰһЩڵһЩͳĻȷʵ⵽˺ܴĴһЩʷѾ޷תĶϲ㣬һ˭Ҳ޷ϵġ
г÷ˣҲĺ˵ʾͬǵĻûǰھǵʱҲƵ飬ڵĻӽ֮󣬾һ·һЩͳĻĵ߸ĳЩʱȷʵùһЩڻͷȷʵǵ˺ܴ󡣡
Ҳʾһͬʮĸĸ￪ţǵľýѾȡһĳɾͣȺڵˮƽҲˣǴĻĳЩ̶ûЩˣܲѵʶ
ҶԹۣȻ֪¡ڴʲô⣬ֻ˵뷨Ҳͳһ
Ͼ۵ͲȷʵǱȽһҵ۵Ǳ߶ڴͳĻӳ̶ȣҲҪڵԶһЩижֻܱΪЩ¡ڵˡ
ҵǲΪִͳĻһǺõģ¶Ҳýʷ⡣ҶԴҲԼļ⣬Ȼḽ¡ڵˣĲ豭һڲ裬Ȼ˹˵Ҫ˵߸ͳʼʷ壬к۰ټңøһЩʵͳһ˼飬ض²ǻ¶
ŶҶгôôΪأḻ́ʾ˲ͬ˼õѵҶҲʾ֧֣
ڿúԼҪͶҶҶҲˣ糹׿һл룬Զֵ̬վֿҶһϵû׼ܵõ¡ʡ֧أҲͲˡ
һֱʼʲпᱩ֤ݣѧǧ꣬ĳЩһ뵽ʷ¼Ȼڻ޲ܾĹʬ޲ܴ͸ǧʱգʼù衣
ʵֳʵǺǱʶļ־壬һġ
Ӹ˵ʼʷֶȷʵڼң֮ͨȴ˴һͳʷ֡
س꣬սʱڸսټȻУ˼ڼȻңһڶ̶ͳһҪڶ̶γɹͬļֵۣ˼γɹֵͬ۵ĴСҶ٩٩̸ˣΡáĻȷдһͳʩУؼԶͳһҪ˼ͳһγͳһĺļֵΡáĻڵͳһʩЧ
Ҷ˵浹Щ죬û뵽Ҷг滹ϣ̸ЩȻܹȷʵ˹Ŀ࿴
ĺɫҲеѿȻʼʷ壬ȴҲû´Ӹ⡣
¡Ҳе⣬Ҷһͱλˣȴû뵽Щʶȴġ
СȷʵöԸ¡Ҳɵö豭ǳǳһڣȴ֪ЩʲôƺЩˡ
Ȼͳһسֻʮ꣬سԺͳߣһͳһ˼뿴άͳεĹؼֶΣ۰ټңһͳ˼ʽγɡ˺еͳߣ϶˼Ϊҵĺ˼롣Ҷ˵Ҫر˵ǣӺеķ⽨ͳߣ϶ʩеʵ壬Ǳǲҹ۵㣬ʵȴǷҵֶΡʵ÷ҵķͳ£ҵѧ˵̻ա
ǿȨƣ˰ЩǵΪԦȺķѧ˵Ҫǿʺʺ洦ǴӵγΪԾòȡʩάȼƶȵùߣͳ߶ѧ̻£ڹȴʹ˷ŵ̾
̸һӣȻͰ֮ǰ¡ĶɽؽƲһ߶
¡ڿˣɵþЩƣзǳá
ݣȻǲ˵ڶˣĻõµô㣿
Ϊһʡţ˵ΪһʡôҲʡԱ㲻һԾŶҲˣһδεעһҵڸ˵ҵ֮è
飬¡ڻģŻȽơ
ѵ˵Ҷ⳶꣬Ϊµ״СӣȻƹ¡ڿҶһۣ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿ¡ʡɽиɲǵļϣҶȴǣ̸ۣ˵컨׹ȫڸ¡Ȼǵķͷ¶Ҫ˵ǹģҲŰɣ
ĺƺҲע⵽һ㣬ֻ٩٩̸ҶҲ岻ʲôѵҪȻѻȨ¡ʡ𣿣
ҪôĻĺҲͳ˶ɽиɲеʸ֮ˡ
ͽ쵼ǲԣһ˿˾Ҫһ繷ʺһճ쵼ϣ쵼ͻ
޲һŰ߿ǰɡ
͵ɣһҪˡ¡סˣ˵һ
ôһ˵˾Ͷо¡ʡĲã˵ʱͣ
еźҶһﵹǲ˵䣬ЩϧرʾǶɽеĸɲǣþöûôĵһ۵ˣ¡ʡ˸
ߺߡ¡ڿҶ˵ˣֱӺȻվ˵ĴӵУ뿪ίҡ
ҶľһۣͼľݵгЦ⡣


994 Ե
ҶҲľݱһЦϬ
Ҫ˵ľݵ棬¡ڵĵҲеŤġ
˵ôҲʡĴԱͻȻܵɽͻȻϮ˼Ϊίһ֣ʹ
˵ˣո¡ڿǰҶ˵һ϶Ҳ˼ľݣеĻģǾҪҶ֮Ĺϵ
ϧһ¡ûϵǾľݸҶĹϵɲһίǺг֮Ĺϵ֮ܵһֹϵ¡ڵôǣ
¡ôҲֻñ˿ʡȷʵеԹʵͽ
¡֮󣬳ίǺ͸гǾΧһ顣
Ҹ۵ҵ񰡡
ǿ϶ģȻĻ¡ʡҲᵽǡ
ֻǶɽؽ飬ƺûͨ̿ǣʡȻ֣ǲǻһЩأ
ʲôأĺˣһԲɽǱ߶ֲǲ֪ǵطһһ֮⣬ʲôûˣϲдһԺǽѾ̦Ұݣ˼ҿͶʣѾ൱ˣܲҪࡣ
ô˵ɣίг˽̾üͷʾɽǱ߶һˮأ֪ͲǴ׵ؽѶɽ¾ַ㷿زģôĻǿƤǺֵǮġ
⣬ûĻ˼ҲܹͶĺΪȻң¡ʡ¶Ƿǳֵ֧ģôҲҪֿǵһ㣬ܸܲʡľ񱳵۰ɣ
ĺôһ˵˶Щ˼
˵ʵһҲûȻЩɫʣΪٳˣĳɼٺãûϼ쵼ϿɣҲûǨĻᣬŵλãǲȵġ
¡ڵƣᣬʮ겻ʮͣѾʡԱһʡ֮ˣǷչ˳Ļδһ¥ĿȷʵǳǸ¶ɽ󼰵ġ
ôΪôһС¶͸¡ʡͻʵǲʵ飬ڴҶûʲôôԡ
ֻǣЩԼҲ˵ˣгҶʱӴλܣƺҲǳŶɽеļĿģ˳ʮԪϵͶʣ˵ڶɽؽĿҲȤ
˵ҲʵĻôкϷˡ
һ߶ǳʮԪĴĿһ߶¡ʡĹϵҪ֮һѡǺѡ
ңԼ֮Ҳʶˣ¡ʡҶг֮ĹϵƺǢһһԵ˼
λ֮ѡ˵涼ǱȽġ
¡ʡȻǰ;ҶǺϰʮԱԺӻأ֪ﵽʲôΣ
νħ꣬ǿҶӦɾǰǶɽеĴг¡ȻλȨأϾҸһء
ҵϵ飬ȻҵϵĹھ̸飬ΪʱһʱľݾͿ˵ˣȻϲûʲô飬ǻǺģЩԱҪǵһ⣬ôǶȺȥĦ쵼뷨⣬͵ΪֹɣԺίҲ١
ĺˣһһģȻܲܡ
ľݵĻ棬ȻûбĲ⣬ɽؽĿֱӹᵽҵϣ˵̬ȣ϶ǲ¡ڴкġ
ĺҲҶҲãľҲã˼̾ᡣ
ǰʱ䣬˼Ҳù¡ڣùĺԼΪ¡ڵİʾ¶⵽˲ƽĴ˼Ҳ˿£ʱ
ĺ¡ͣһ̤һǳ׸ˣΪû˼ҵƣֻܳɹʧܡ
ڵԱɲữĴǰ£ҪƵλģһӹɡ
˿棬֪ûڹб¶ʲô̬ľǣҲҪԼˡ
µĶɽУ쳣Ӱ
˭֪ͷûз£һ߶ĳг÷˵ˣʡҪضԴģǶɽҲܹ⿿ԼչΪò죬ʧȥʡ֧֣ôеòʧˡ
ͣһ£˵˵ˣĿǰ£ָУΣⶼǷǳбҪģǿý⣬ǵܹ𵽴ٽãпܻɸҲǲȡġ
Ϊгһɲ벿ίŮɲ÷ҲСĻҲὫڵĶɽг֮Ϊͷʱڡ
÷ݹĻҲֵôϸϾǴ벿ίֱġ
֪ڵɲǰǸռˣڴǱ߶߳ĸ߼ɲԽԽˣ֮Ҳⲻγһµϵ
˽÷ĻҶһָлҪеģͶ飬Դڸضڸ㵳ּңͲ͸λˣȫ顣
˵⻰֮Ҷ˦˦־ˣҲû˵ʲô
ֳһѷ㶵ǣľޱת뿪˰칫ҡ
ĺһΣû뵽ҶȻôǿƣһڳίǵǰ͸Ҫ󣬼ֱŵúֵܰίľҲûзƺеΪϵ˼²͸
ǽ÷ˣ˼Ȼ飬ôгӦҲԴɣ
ҶҲ̫ˣҾͼǸС˵־ʡĸ鳤ȫ¡ڵ󣬺Сĵ˵ôһ䡣
¡ڵ˵ͷȻ˼ϡ
ղί˵Ҫȥ˵ĻҵɣȷʵҪˣոմӾǸϹһλͬ־
ڶȫĻûзϡ
ȫ쵼ɫ֪ⲢȤҪ˵ʲô־ŵεʱ򣬿ڴֻ
ȫ˼䣬סͲС¡ʾʡɽеĸĺͬ־Ҫ㱨һ¹֪Ƿܹһ
Ŷ¡֮һ˼Ȼǵطϵͬ־뷨ôӦüһġţ㰲ŸʱɣҲ˽һ¶ɽеʵ
õģˡȫ˵ͷͷڵ绰棬ĺԼʱ͵ص㡣
ҲЩ־ĸоɽȻӣҶҲԶԸȫãֻҪ¡ʡ˼£һµطϵҪҶҲʲô¶
ϾҵļأԽ


995 ֽǳ
ҶĻ棬˲ʮӣ뿪ʱ˵Цݡ
Ҷ壬ˣûв뵽鵱У˿λӲ¥ʱ򣬶еĸо
ڴ֮ǰƺҶˮݵģȴͬһ㣬ٱʱ򻹺شк
쵼̸û˳Ҷ߽ʱ򣬾еﲻסһ䡣
ǺǣУţ绰˽Ѹг֮Ͱʿٸ˰ɡҶƺǳЦŵ˵ͷţҵǸŮ⳥ǲٵģܳͷΪҪǲ֡
ҲǼΪ̵ˣ±ײˣȻֻ΢ˣǽᣬôܲΪ¶ҪһЩô
Թһ棬ҶǺĵġ
ǰһζҶ˺ܶ࣬ͷһͶ˵ͣͣȥһǴڰ칫棬ƶˡ
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̫࣬ȫø㡣һ棬üͷش
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£Ҷż뷨ҲȻòףҲǿҵرʾԣֻҶСһѡ
·ͣҶī˳Ȼڴš
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ҶҲע⵽ڸ̳棬ͣһЩֵĽںȥȡ
Ϊһͨ˵˳ĳУɽеķչٶһֱ죬Ϊú̿ͿԴ֧ţƴҵӻӲù
⼸ҵչٶȼ죬ҲúҵѸٷչӪķչȻãطѾֵһЩ˽СҤҲ׷ӿֳ󹹳һĳҲ˰ȫ
СҤڵĳ֣ڿԣ˵սҲΪڶڴЩǣͬǱһ㣬˼ķչƽ⣬Щ˳Ϊɽо÷չеһȶء
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С¡ش˵ɽеļϰ壬ÿ˶߰˸ϵСţʱĲڡ
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ҶһʱˣҲɵüͷ
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ҪǱԽҰײˣһ˵³ǿû뷨
ڵϵǸˣҲŻˣһӽ÷ĳǰ˳ȥȻײײؾһ߶˳ȥ
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ۿŶĳ˶ԷҪ÷ֱߵģǿǵԼλãʵڲʺߣҺɲӰ죬ˣתίг˽Ѵ绰
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ͷһͷԼĳӺ棬Ȼһ˶ӵľ׮ˣȥĻⲻ˳̥ȫ߲
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ʱֶһλҶľѾüΣƺҲǸһģȻֿҶȻҲУֻθ˱΢һЩ϶ǲ㵽ȥġ
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⽣Թ԰һӣܵҶĳǱ߶ó
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ţһƬǹĸɳܵģ˳ܼȻҲᷢ飬ҾøɳΪҲйϵģͷ鿴Ҷ˵
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Ҷڻ飬Ҳ˽һЩ֪ЩԱΪԼĻɫ룬ųɢԱıһЩڷɱԵ飬ֽͨթ¼ûеطݻ˵Ĭǰ첻ɵġ
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ҶԼĳ棬Ž÷ĳƨðһͷŮ˵ǹģԼæȻкҲ󣬿ӣǲô鰡
飬ҶҲ̫档


997 ׼ؾ
λгͷ㰡˳֮ͱԹ쵼ôæȻкҲ󣿡
Ůˣһ򶼺ܴ󡣡Ա߶ĸʾ˵
ˣ͵˸ʾһ۵Ϲ˵ʲôأúÿĳ
Ȼֻ㲻ʲô飬ҶΪŮǻҲǾǱҪˣ治Ļеĥġ
ʾҲԼеʧˣ¾ͱ첻飬Ŀ
⻰Ҳ˵Ҳ˵ȫԡҶԴ˵ǲΪ⣬Ц˵ǵŮȷʵǿһЩ˵ԸҲǺйϵģһˣھ棬ɰŮӣǺܶġ
쵼˵öԣˡʾЦ˵ʲôʱؾǣҲһŮӡ
Ǻǣͻȥһ˶ҶҲЦ
һ֣ҶҲû˼ֵ顣
оǱ߶ܿʹ绰ǵ˽Դġ
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Щˣй콻ͨ¹ʣʹ²еڡ˽ѻش
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ʵ֤̾ЧģΪǷӵıɡ˲˺ˣ˵δ˱Ǵһķ񲻼һʮĺӣǽһײУֱǴĿġ
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ĹңԣʵҲڸƣʵλȴȻҪǿϹĻع飬ڸ߲ԣʵֹɵġ
Ȼ˵ϹϣźܶܣҶãȻѾô꣬˶òˣôЩܣҲδؾеôҪϹѸߣ˵һϺͿˣǲˣ˭ܴĿбʳʲô
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һǰ飬ʵҶҶԣҲһֺӰϵϾϹŷ޵ĵλЩͬ˵ŷ޻˵ĺ֮һǵĻعӰ죬ԲֻǱϿô򵥡
ȻˣҪ飬ҲǱȽϴˡ
һ̨Ǳ߶϶⣬ϾϹǰǹǱ߶ϽζͻȻع½ֻ˵һִΪǸеԼձɽеŲסˡ
ڵζѾ˶ͷʱڣʱٳôһ¶͸Ӹˣǵĵ֣϶Ἣֹķᶯ÷ǳֶƻ顣
һ棬ǹڵķӦϾϹǰܶˣЩ˵ĺڹ̨ϣҲЩӰģǵΣҲ˵
Ҫһ㣬ҶѾԼط֣ͬʱһֹܵϹĻع飬ƺѲϵҶЩɡ
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ҶãһλȥҪø߲֧֣ڹ棬Ҳһ˶ϣţԼӦҵĴ󲿳ͨ飬úõ̸һ̸ˡ
ͨˣܹ¶ĻͲòȡĳЩֶı״ĻϹҵĻع飬Ȼںܴı
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¡ڵˣҲδؾͻӣϾʵ
¡ڵû뵽ʱĺ棬Ѿ֮ģֻǾȥ˶ɽУټͶЧĺ˵ϣӦÿڶɽðڽɽ
ڶɽе״¡ǺģǿƵǸɾҶҶ֮ìܣ޷͵ģľݵҲ˽һЩ֪鲿ƷɲչĸɲҲǲһģ˵ĳг÷λҲʲôͨˡ
ôӵľҪԼӰҲֻдϿʼֲίԼ˶ˣȻҲͺðöࡣ
٣ǰֵҶһ˶Ʊ飬ǾԲᷢˡ
Һһ¡ڵ鲻;˾Ʊ
ɱ
ɱ
˶еľƱһ¶˷ǳϵЦݣ澿ô룬ǲö֪ˡ


999 ӻ
սһͳսҶܵϢʱȻܲˬҲûоʲôġ
˵¡ʡӾŪġľڵ绰˵
Ҷ绰Ҫ˵¶Ҫô
είͳսΣίӿ϶Ҫӭһµģһֹ⣬ȻЩ鶼С¶ǺѰ죬һ⣬ͳսίӵĻ¶Ҫô
뵽⣬ľݾеͷˡ
ôҶǼ飬ʲôѰģֱӾͱʾίίᣬͳսϯˡ
ĿǰίίֲӣôΪߣҲֻűӽ״ʱôţȵ֮ٿǲܹȥ
Ҫһλǲܵ顣
¡ʡ϶᲻ˡľ˵
طϵ飬ҪɵطϸʵġҶʾ¡ȻǴʡҲ첻ô
Ϊһίί⣬͸öɽеİķѣôʼٸ¡ڣҲⲻεģԴ֪ô̫
÷ҲǸȶأڵĳί棬ǺܰȡľֶҶ˵
÷СҶһľᵽ÷뵽ԼΧȴк˵飬ɵЩҡͷȷʵðգһһɣϾұ˴˶ϤһлԹΪء
ȻҶ÷ĵϸǼȻ鲿ƷɲѡɽְǾ˵÷һ֮⣬ƷҲǲġ
ҶҪʵܼ򵥣в£ֻҪܹ̤ʵԼĹС
ǼȲ쵼Ҫɽͷ壬ͬʱڹҲûʲôͻŸϺȵĻˣҶҪ߳ɽеĸɲģίίҲС
ڶɽؽ̣¡ʡ뷨ľ˵
¡ڻûεʱ򣬾ھǸм쵼ļϣᵽ飬ұʾ˸۵ͲⷽкܴȤͶؽɽ£ɽп칤Ҳڸ۵ͲŶ³ͬ£˵ܶ⡣
ľҲ֪Ҷ¡֮䲻ԸΪ˷飬ӺһͶʳʮԪͷ¡ڳ̨Ϸ
ľݾҪһ飬ɽؽѡ⣬˭أ
¶㲻÷ʱһ£ܿͽˡҶڴ£г
ʱĿʲôҶѾ˸֪࣬ǳʲôģ˿Ҫģ岻ԼȦ棬޷Ǿһʱѡ
ͺáľݵͷͬ
ȻҶʲôֶǼȻҶ˵а취ôһа취һ㣬ľݻǿŵġ
ˣؾǣͳսĻӭᣬҾͲˡҶֶľ˵һ顣
ؾʲô飿ľЩʵ
ҰֽһȥҪ̸һЩɡҶش
ţǺáľݴӦȻַԸһ䣬ȥء
ţҾȡɡҶͷ˵
ֵزĸɲȻ˵ȥɣûûرҪжǱȽģֻҪϵͿԣǲҪ̫鷳
ҶһλؾȻȥǣȻɻȥ
ͬǣ߶һϹܿ
Ϊ֪ҶҪȥ̸飬Ϲһع⣬ϹܿԴ˸ӣ⽫Լĺﶼ˹о顣
Ϊ׳һ׳ƣϹܿЩ˵ĻϣһͶʼŵĿ񿼲Ͷʵ壬½
ҶԴ˵ûʲô飬ϾиȽʽĿԼ߶̸ҲӷһЩ
ڵĺܶˣϲҲʦɡ
Ȱȥ˭Ϲܿһ˷ɻ֮󣬾׷Ҷٸʵ׶
ɣҸ׿϶ҪһģϾʮԪͶˡҶһ֮˵ҪľǱõλ˵ĵͷЩ˵ʸ̫ϣλ̫ߣûʲôʸȥǵġ
ô죿Ϲܿʵ
Ҳ֪ȷʵڣүүϹĻƹڴļλ˼ңҪһģΪ֮ĵλ൱ǴǸʱ߹ελҲȥ
ϹܿΪһûôˣҶܹŸίԱһѾǷǳ˼
ʵһλ쵼ӼΣҪģͨϢʹãܹϹһعԸȻٳɴ£㹻ˡ
ȡһ°ɣϣгίܹ˼һ񿼲ţǽϹ¶Ҷش
һ׳ͬ־ӼǣȻǲˣҶүӽӼҲǺܷ㣬Ҷĥţλгί֮һܹӼϹܿˣ˵ˣϾûڲһٶ޷ġ
Ҷĥһӣ;ͬ־ӼϹܿҪױ˽ܡ
Ͼͬ־ܾùģϹܿóΪڵأͶʹģ޴Ӵһ£Ҳֳܹں⻪˵ӣǲʾĻӭ̬ȡ
Ǳ˳Ļ˵׸һЩõĴ⡣
飬ϾЩеġ
ҶͷһӣϾö˽г⣬֪䣬˯˹ȥȵ˽ѵʱ򣬷ɻѾھǻˡ
ҾȻ˯ˡҶЩ˼顣
̫˰ɣϹܿ˿ҶгҲепɻϵĻȷʵ˻˯
һ߳˻ʱ򣬾Ϳʮγͣ棬ĲǱˣѾнε塣
壬˼ôˣҶ֮󣬴Ϊȡ
ǺǣȻר㣬ȻҪˡЦűʾ
áϹܿλ˴űװҲʲôģǾҶĽз
ǺǣˣϹСáЦЦϹܿ˵ҹΪλ쵼˵ǵ飬һ£Ҫһǡ
ǼңǼǣϹܿˣЩʵָָҶָָԼ
һȥɡͷ˵̤ʵһЩ
ҶϹܿһɻ󣬾Ͷ˵λܲξ鲿нΣصصĽ
ԭ轫ˡϹܿˣʱ˶ԷݣɵЩп˵һ䡣
ϹǸ鱨ģȻƾӺ⣬ǸеҲѲΪϹҵļ̳֮һϹܿȻܲξ鲿ʲôĴڣȻҲȻ𾴡
ĳӣһ뿪ˡ


1000 ĺԺе
˳֮Ҷʵ壬ʲôˣҪԳ棿
ڵݣָܹʹȶˣȷʵѾˣǼǼλȴֲҪֱͣӷԸҶ¶Ϳԡ
Ҷ˼ȥҲ֪һξΪ˭˵ģ
ǰ鱨ս߹һλ쵼ƺҲԸ͸¶ԷľֻǺ˵ôһ䡣
Ȼû˵Ҷ֮󣬸Щˡ
֪鱨һ㶼չģ˵ǰһӹϵͳϹܿĸ٣Ǿڰģõ޷ҪģǱ˷ˣҲһˡ
ڣԷȻˣҶеЩ죬ԭ򲻻ܶ࣬пϹȷʵֵرע飬ҲпĻ̷һЩ仯ҪϹҵĸ˽Ĺͨˡ
ȻˣҲųϹҸλ쵼֮䣬ڸ˶Թ
Ҷ룬;ø˶ԹĿСġ
ܹ鱨߲ε쵼һҸڱͨģΪһС¶ͶԴ˹ڻһֱŲ¡
ϣҪӰ쵽ǵһšҶ룬˵ôһ仰
ʲôţ忴Ҷһ۵
ȥݻүӣѾСϵˡҶش
֮󣬶ʱüͷȻЩԥġ
ʵҶĵλǺܸߵģΪҶҵļ̳ˣͬʱǳүӵ׼ŮѾС涩˻ˣϣͬʱҶҺϳҵӡǡ
ϳȻڴϣ޷ҶᲢۣǵƾǳүӣֻҪǳүӻһ죬ôϳҾǶκţڵڵӰǳӴ󣬶ҶΪүѡŮĳҲԿѡӰˡ
˫ݵҶ۶һ棬зǳǿӰ
ǵһ㣬;Щ飬ҪҶ˵һ˵ģֻһҪˣȷʵ鱨սҲڷǳԺյĵλȥͶҶ˵ȥ˵ɣܵÿʲô뷨Ȼ˵Ļ
ãλ쵼ȻҪϹܿҪ˾ЩͻأˣҲʲôϾϹܿĹҲǷͬСɡ
ʲôͻȻı仯ҲԼܹӦùϾĿǰ鱨ս߷棬幤ĵһˣǱ߶СС֣УҲǲֵһġ
ھǵĹ·ϴУ˴һСʱһĺԺͣ
ˡڱĿ壬Ȼ˫ۣ˵һ
Ҷ˿ܣͷĺԺӳ֮УĺԺΧپ͸ʮ׵ĿտشȻǲϣϢؿ
ȻǸ鱨˰Ҷ˿ǽԺͲһǺˣһ˻洳
ô֪ûлǺӣĻЦЦ
ҶˣעԼĿ⣬·ɨ飬Ҳûзʲôֵĺۼͷ˵ϱעžʶֹԱڵʲôġ
⼸֣͵ס֣Ҷҡҡͷʾš
Ȼ˵ط򵥣ôͲ˵˵϶һЩèġ
ҶҡҡͷȻԵϹܿ㿴ԺʲôԾĵط𣿡
ϹܿҶһ·߹ȴǱȽϽŵģ˫ĿҲǶĺԺסɨɨȥƺоʲô
Ҷ˵ϹܿͽػشСԺӿɱأΪӪ˼ҪĻһ׾ٵ飡
ҶЩŵӣϹָܿһ˵˵ǿɣϿһʵһʮѡԶǹڵԿ¿ԶСԺΧ޲ɨ䣬Դﵽһ򷢣
СҶˣȻͱһ˵ⶼʲô
ȻĺԺעĵطǾȻװԶǹ˾Щˡ
УСԺΧӦװһ׵ԶϵͳʱеȿԱ谭ԷĺҲԱͻΧͨϹܿ˵ȻˣֻҵĲ²⣬ղû轫ʾҲ벻һ㡣
ôҶʱǸеЩˡ
ôֱʣһҲ治𰡣СԺӵˣȴǲ򵥰
ʱҶ浹ǶڶԷݣ˺棬˾˭أ
˵֮䣬Ǿ˳ȻſڵĴһֱ߹ȥ
ſҲ鿴ǵ֤֮󣬾ͷˡ
˴֮Ҷһˣͷ߶ĲҲǰаԵķλƵģԺӵ˶ⷽĵãΪóЩӦʱģֶİš
ˣڹʱ򣬾Ժ棬һͳǺܺƺҲеˡ
Ͼܹµó˵ͱȽϴˣ˵ҲӦڰѮ˵
ϣѾ˴ˡ˾Ӧϻʲôָʾ
һԵͷӣ˵ʲôָʾڿнˡλЦЦȻŹ˳
Ҷλ֮󣬶ʱһΪģĹȷʵһЩ
Ĺ֮ԳΪ߱ȽϳڣĿһ£ӦˣҶû뵽鱨սߵе쵼Ȼôһλˡ
ֻҶ뷨鱨ˣһ㶼ҪȽϵ͵˰ãôôһλڵ˲ţ
ϵθߴΪ͹ϵѾ΢е첻չˣҲЩݣһһȴһܹһӾ͸оλһӸλ
λϣ鱨縺֮һҶ˵һ˶֪ŵүүϣǷǳϤġ
ԭϣãҶҶˣͺܹؾϹΪ
ڵ꣬Ҳһ֧鱨ģ쵼֧飬үҲһ鱨˸ЩԨԴҲǺ顣
ֻҶףͻȻ֮ĹϵҲ޵ķʸ
˼ͺѰζˡ
ѵ˵λϣʵҶ߶ǲôԸģ
ҶЩ飬;Ϲһع飬ܻе谭ģǰһλ֪ǳʲôĿģҪϹܿѾܹ˵һЩˡ
ϾǰϹҿǸЩ¹ıˣǸ߶ʲôϵȻһͲҪɣǾԲһϵ
⣬ء
ҶϵĿ⣬ҲñȽϸˣٵתҪôӦĸӾ棿


1001 ɢ
ԭҶϿ˿Ҷƺеᡣ
ҶϲİʵϽͨ㱨Ҷ飬Ҳ˵Ҷ֧Ϲһع֮¡
ֻҶǵһΡ
ͨ˵λҶǸˣгίе治̤ʵҶյҲȷʵ˹Ŀ࿴Ļ˼õƾʲôأ
ϴҶһ͵ͷ˵Ҷϵĸãɡ
֮ϾͿҶԵϹܿ˵Ϲǰɺã
У˼У߿Ϲܿشߣڹڶӵ뷨Ҳ澿ôġ
Ҳܹ͸뷨ûмˡˣǲϹܿʲô
ϹΪˣʲô뷨Ȼô׾ͱ¶Ļ£Ҳڵ鱨սУȵؾλܹ꣬Ȼɹߺ⣬ȫϹһ
Ķ֣ϲҲֶΡ
Ȼˣվڲͬ˵ҲҪǸԵģϾ˵ˣϹǰѡʱеʡ
ôأϣΪеԨԴȽϿ֮⣬ҶϹܿǰʶ˭ֻôһ򵥵ĽܣôܸӣϹܿ˵ҶԼĵλĪǹڻ᲻ӭ
⻰ʵľͱȽֱӶҼˣ˵ϹʵȨͻȻعĸͳԣҲ˿ĳЩ̶ҪҪһЩûʲôɻܾع顣
һѾȥˣͻȻ˵Ȼǲ˴ġ
һЩ飬ǿܲϵû뵽ϹܿһӣɵΪ֮һͣȻЩˣϹǰ߶йܶڣȻѾãܶ൱˶Ѿˣеģһܶ鷳
ĻǱȽϿģô˵һֱ˼ʵ޷Ǿ˵Ϲǰ˲ٷǵ飬˫մʲôʲôѪ֮Ļ
Ȼܶ൱ˣһһȴˣһϹô±¶ˣԻܶìܡ
һ㣬Ŀǰ̨Ǳ߶ڸѡ٣ϹǰѡʱǱ߶ɵҲ൱Ǳ߶عԱѾƸӰ˵һ
ҲûʲôɣҶΪȻػشƣҪڸӶˣһôŻô˼ʮˣôֵĳˣҾãڵҪǰöˣѵ⼸ʮʵ˲ɣ
ҶĻһǻڡ
֮󣬵Ǻе죬û뵽СͲ󣬸˴ñӵĹȴǲ˸е⡣
ˣ̬ΪһԾýΪġҲȥ֮󣬾Ͳٹζ̬ڵµľҲ˽⣬Ϊʱ͵Ŀǰƽ״̬ƣô߲Ҳǲڿġ
ϴԲӡ˵飬ǿҶǿˣڴƵİգûܹȵϣ̾һѪָȶչȻȷģչõȻҲǱģͬϹǰع飬ûκγͻĵط˳ӦʱƵһ顣
Լãˣܲˡ
ľ˸̣ΪһһжˣԸ⽲ôĴҪ֪鱨Уʵܼ򵥣Ҫֵ˵ܣȻǣȻˣżҲ᲼֣ıԶչ
ϲСˣǶҶĸģҲǷǳϲġ
̸ʵ˰
ȶΪȶβȶ˵ףҪʵҶ˵ûʵȣǾֻίȫѣûȨȣǵ׷𣿡
û⻰û˵
۵磬ʲôʱ򣬶ʵģûʵ˵е˼Ҳ㣬ûе˼ķɻܹʲôģֻǿ˵ֱӰѶԷĸ߿ܣԷ̾ʵˡ
飬Ҷ˵һû
˵ýⷽ棬˼Ϲһع飬ĿɲֻǼʮԪѣ԰ԪӴͶʣҶ˵˵˵һŶǮ
һ룬ҲǰԪҵĹģǧԪͶʶԣڹھõĴٽãȻǲͬն
֮ϹҵĻع飬ùھڶ÷ǳߵķչٶȡ
οϹһعɹ֮Ч¶壬ֻ֪жء
㿴ֻиӰ죬ԾϹүӻңҰŵÿһЩͻ֣ᷢȣЩֻС鷳ѣءҶԶԣ˵һ
ϷԼ˵Ҷģɵ߳ŭؽһ٣ǳֵ˵ҲǺ
ǣҶ˿û̸ȥ˼ˣվϹܿ˸кȻʹȥ
忴˿һŭݵϣаҡͷ˵˼ҼȻѾˣǾͰĵذ£οô¶ϹˣʲôӰأõĵˣӦ̨Ǳ߶Ŷ
ϣҲˡϵĹϵҲѣʱҶѾ뿪ôȻҲûıҪˣ¾͸뿪
û˵
Ҳʸ鱨˵û˿ˣȻǷǳġ
ϡʱ򣬴߳һǽͨ
λĴ󲿳ϵǰǹġ
Ҳѹ֣Ͼǹĵ֮һϵͳӰǷǳģͨȻεĴ󲿳ϵǰҲֻ˵ͽͽﱲȻʲô
Ͷడ۾˵
ͨеΣĵλȷʵȲ˼ҾϵĵλȻҲȲҶүǣҪ˵˼ҳүˣʱ򣬾ҶӣϹֱܿˣҲûʲôʾġ
ΪʵˣȫͲܹ濹
Ҫô죿ͨʵ
ôأϵȻܲãø߲㷢˻ô͵סˣǶԣǷǳģ
Ȼˣܵʲôɣͨʵ
ȻҪЩ顣üͷϹ豦䣬ʲôҪ䵽ǵУ
ͣһ֮˵òôϻҲ䵽˵У


1002 ˳
Ȼˣܵʲôɣͨʵ
ȻҪЩ顣üͷϹ豦䣬ʲôҪ䵽ǵУ
ͣһ֮˵òôϻҲ䵽˵У
ô˵ͨɵһ£û뵽ϵ̬ȾȻ˼ɵеЩȡ
Ϲı֮Уʲôϸе˼ɵأ
ô˵ϵ̬ȣͨ뷨һµģҲҪϹܣǽΪУΪ˶ù˽ãҲϧ
ҪյģϹصЩΪеϣͨעģЩеһЩƸ
չҵȱľʽܹõϹ⣬ô׾ͿЩƸں⹹һȽ˳ʽתһЩ֯
ⷽĿģͨŻϹܿȽϸȤֻû뵽ҶҲˣе޴ֵĸоԾϣͨⷽӰ¡
ֻû뵽˼˿ͲӰ
ڲǰЩп̾һڶʮǰߡ
ᵽ˶ʮǰͨҲɵþþջһͷƤ飬ǸʱϿƵȨ˫ҪץһˣͲҪʲô֤ݺɣ˵ϵ磬Ǹʮǰλ۾鱨ͷЩơ
λ鱨ͷӣ෴ץ˵ʱ򣬿ֻһ仰ҿͽ
СʲôһҪ㶨϶Խͨ˵
һġͨ˵ͷ
λϾʲôͷص˳֮Ҷɵһ䡣
ϵݣҶԼҲһЩ²⣬ܾԼӡУûôһŶ
ͷɴˣԭǺǹĸ֮һڴ鱨嵹ûʲôϵҪ¼Ҷ˽ˣǰĵϸʲôѾ֪ˣүүҲδؾôֻڵ꣬ȨǼģץ˸ͲҪʲôɣҲһˡ
ŶóҶ˵ͷ
ϵͿԿóλ϶Ҳһ˵һĻǵͣȻľշ緶ԿǶôʵ
ֻʱǨˣٷҲվҪȥ
ϵΪҶУ˶ݣջȥڶѣû뵽ĸԴȻΪϹһµġ
ֲϵľ棬ȻôųҲǵǰ̫࣬ˣ˻ɣ
Ҷ뵽Щ飬Ҳɵҡҡͷ
ʵϣЩִܹˣܶʱɼģǵһ֮ЩȴûԸǽһľ֣Ȼ㲻ǰȫбϣܰꡣ
һģ缸ʮѾˡ
鱨ܶʱںڰ֮Σ飬׹Ȼܴ󣬵ܵĲ֮ԩҲܶ࣬ܶһŲȥվΪζƷ
ˣ游ȽĵϸԱ߶ϹܿͻȻ˵һ䡣
ŶҶһ£Ȼͷ˵Ҳԣ˽ˣ߾ĵˡ
ϹүϹ裬ִǰ鱨ʮģڵ֮µȴ־߱λţ
Ϲյ鱨ԴԶǵܹᲢۣôϹ֪ĵϸʲôϡ¶
游δػԸ˵Ϲܿ˵һ
ʲô˼㲻˵ϻҶˣʱЩ
Ϲܿ˵Ի˵Ϲ֪ϵĵϸ˵Ըⷽ淢Ǹ˵һ㣿
游˼ЩҲ²͸˵ʱŻ˵˭ҲǿˡϹܿҶһƭ˵ɫʱЦθڣҲ
˺ܹġҶ˵ԣҲϲƣֻԸ潻ҿɲΪҪõʲô鱨ȥֺñ˵ģԣǵСžţǲҪˡ
СˡϹܿˣɵ÷˷Ƥ
ʵϹܿҶǺġ
ŮǰȻֵöׯ󷽣˽»ǺģϹ޷ǾǹҶϵѡ
ҶĸϹθڵĻҶҺϹ֮ĺ϶뵽һȽеĽ׶ΣôϹܿҲܹеõĺô
ٿɫʲôģҶԺ飬治˵ˡ
һԣҶϹ֮ܿĶԻ治ɵðԳԾֱ˵ڵǣȷʵЩ˹Ŀ࿴ĸо
ҶϹ֮ܿĻĻһֵֺĸооⲻˣֻıϺһ㣬ܹĸо
ϹС㳤ס𣿡Щ¶ɵһ
ʱûáϹܿλн鱨еʱ򣬻ǱȽϽģʵʵڵػشϹ˳عĻĿ϶ҪתƵģҴڹڵʱһЩ
ʵϹںͶҲܶ࣬ϹܹܿɹμλãôѲӸزҵʱ䣬һ굱ҲỨϣټҪ飬һ굱УڹҲǴϰʱѡ
Ŷ˵ͷû˵ʲô
пǹϹܿĳ鱨ҵļ̳ˣܹΪ鲿õĻھ鲿չϵã൱ģֻǿǵϹܿҶ֮Ĺϵƺеɬʱɡ
忴˿ҶϹܿ;֮䣬δûеСԼ˳ˮۣǴһ£ôأ
ϹҵУҶҶԣһǳĲ䣬ٶչҶҵĺӰ𵽷ǳҪá
ϹҾþӺ⣬ŷ޵ָƣѾӵһӰҶڶ˹ͶʣѾǧԪҵĻرǮҪֵĻûӴ֧֣Ҳô׵ġ
忼ǵ⣬ͶϹҵԽ
ҶϹܿĻϹҵ˹Ǳ߶⣬ܹõ棬Զȼ򵥳Ǳ߶ʲҪöࡣ
ǵҶҵ棬;ã罨Ҷ˳
ԼǲÿڣϾҶЩ治˵
ȥϹܿĬһͿʵ
ҶֹţϹܿһֱûйʣǵҶȥĶǴЩǲùʵģϹܿһ޷ƿصĸоҲ͹˲ɻˡ
ȻȥҸˡҶشЩ飬ȸ˵Ȼܹȥġ


1003 һܺõ
ҶƽûʲôĻһǡ
һλȴǰ빫˽һΪ߲µĶһΪ˸Ӱ¶ҲǴٳϹһع֮¡
ջصЪһ˵ҶѾˡ
ŶĶͦġҶƽ˵ͷ鷿ɡ
õģһ˹ģһϹܿŮҲڳֲһ
ŶҲ˰Ҷƽ˵ͷû¶ҲŮӣһˡ
ǡ˵ͷȴе֣֪ŮʲôͷҶƽӦҲ֪ӡ
ȥʱ򣬾ͿҶڿǸŮ˵һ裬ͷƷţƺһŵӡ
轫ҶгҶȥ鷿˵Ҷ˵
šͷȻվ鷿Ǳ߶߹ȥ
ҶҲվϹܿ˵λҸ׵С㣬λϹҵĴСϹܿղŷ޻ǿԽ
е֣֪ԼϹܿʲôýģ
Ҷߵʱ򣬾СԺ總˵һ䣬ǺҵͷӣϲŮˡ
ˣ֮࣬ɵһƤ񣬱ϾûмŮܹ֮ͬģϹܿʱ򣬾͸֮ǰеһˡ
ϹܿҲǺеģ˺ϵı仯֪Ҷû˵ʲôûǾʵҶղ˵ʲôˣ
˵ǺҵͷӣСһҲûֱӾͰҶĻϹܿ˵ˣĿֱֱؿϹܿʲôӦ
Сӣ̫ˣϹܿķ˪ߺߵ˵һ䣬Ȼʵѵûи㣬ʵϲŮˣ
ˣɵһ˵λȻеһ㰡ֻôֱӾ˵ˣҲʡ͵ĵƣܵ˵˵ˣûʲôϵҲϲŮ˾С
˼ҲףûͬȺãϹܿǷϲŮˣûаϵģԾѡԵˡ
ͦȤģϲϹܿź磬ȻЦȻҶƽλ飬ƺܶԼθڣɵȤ
Ҷ㱾ûʲôȤݱȽȤǺҵͷӣ練ʵ
ءϹܿһҲûзϡ
Ůڿ棬Ȼ˵Ц̸֪˻Ϊǹѣȴ̸֪ݣȻϹܿڼеһЩ¡
Ҷ¥ʱ򣬾ͿŮ̸Ȼ죬ɵЩ졣
鷿棬ѾҶƽ˵˻
֡Ҷ˽ȥһ
ţҶƽһָָӣҶȻ˵ȻѾ֪ˣϸڷǻҪһ£һ̨ʣĻ˵һˣͺױ˹
Ҷƽ¶һϲı󶯡
һϣҶҵǣʵһеģԾеʱҶֳ״̬ƺǱȽϿ겻Ƚϳ嶯ģͰѸֿԸ˽ȥһ벻ġ
ҲΪˣԲкܶ˶Ŀ
ȵǷӦʱǾѾ̫ˡ
Ҵȥݻһ³үӡҶͰԼ뷨Ҷƽһ¡
үȻǳڸ㾭ùģںܾúܾǰȴҲܹ鱨ŵĹֻȨ׵ʧùܷãΪԲŸ˹λġ
˵鱨ŵӰүȻҲһ
Ҿ͸߲ӰүӵҲ޷ӵġ
뷨ѡͶΪͻƿڣҲȷҶƽ֮󣬵ͷϿҶ뷨ͬʱֶ˵ˣίǰͶ˵Ҳ˵ùȥϧǷڲ󰮹Щ¶ˣĻ䣬ҲǺܴġ
ȻϵȴҲ˼ȥҶ룬վϣѷϰеСˡ
ңϵ飬ʵôõģҶҲûʲô취ܹ÷Ϊ˵ϾⲻֹϵĴ£Ǵϵ⣬˵ȷʵʡ
ǳүǱ߶ҶҲȡɣóүӸϹ֮ǶֵĹϵ顣
ʱɹôȵϹүӻɸүӻ棬ýҲͷʲô͵Ķ֣һЦȵȣЩǴԣҰ߲ҲӣүҲɣһµ£Ҷ
ţҲеҶƽ˵ͷ˵ʵѡʱ򣬴ٳϹҵĻع飬Ӵվסŵġò˵ʱѡĺܺá
ŶҶˣһ㶣֪ҶƽʲôҪӵġ
Ż֪ڽгľҪʽ䲼ˡҶƽŶҶ˵
ŶҶ˵ͷڷӦˡ
֮ǰгõ⣬Ǵںܴ۵ģһʵ⣬ͳ˺ü꣬Ǿ飬Կһ֮£һʰˣгõĺôԵġ
ڣ߲ͳһʶ̶Χ˹ɲȺǵϿɣʽƶгڹڵķչ
һΣȷʵ¶˾ģҲô
һε飬߲˺ܴľģίǱ߶Ҳ˺ܶʱ;ƶⷽ̽˽ҶƽЩп˵
ίҶ֮󣬵˵ͷ
Ӧ˵һشʷʱ̵ĵίϽоƸĸоƶĸĸ̽ܲɷ֡
ίͷίȻֻһ֮ǲȷʵܴġ
ίСԺ֮ƣϹ¹ܵأм仹ҪܿȨ֮˿ɱȣڵλԺյͬʱҲڸϾȨĹּУȻһЩߣȴҲɺܶ⣬һ˫нҲ˵һȭ˼ʱˣ˾ͺˡ
ίͬڽѾһǳıߵģֻΪ쵼ṩݡ
гƵȷίȷʵû
ίǺй˾һȨɡԱ߶壬ȻͲһ졣
ŶܣҶƽشȻ˿ҶЩп˵һȷˣҪʵܹϹŪǵľ޶ͶأǵӰŷǱ߶һЩǶԣͺˡ
ǺǣġҶһ׹ˡ
Ҷƽ˵ҵһܺõ⻰û˵
һߵƶҪܶĥѺͼһƶȻҪܶΪ֮ܶȥƶʵʩˣٺõҲֻܳ˯档


1004 Ҷôʶģ
Ǹ˺ʱ򡭡Ҷֹ
Ϲһع֮£ڵشĲϵĺҪǣһӵӴĲƸļ壬һع飬ЩͶʱȻʼѡؽڵгƽгý裬൱á
Ǵʵ߲㶼ûзɣڽгľҪʽ䲼ʱϹҵĻع飬͸Եش
ҶƽŶӣ;ҶСӹȻˡ
ԭϹܿ˾֮Իع֮£Ѿ෽̽ùѰ죬ҶҴӦҶ
ҶȴûôĹ˼ɣؽӦ
Ҷѵģ鲻˳ˮ۶ѣѾûʲô谭ˣҶҴл˲ٵĺôֻʮԪͶʣҶƽĹࡣ
һҪ˵һ¡Ҷ˿壬㽫֮Ҳһ£ȻĻҶƽܶԴ˲
ҶѯĿ⣬͵˵ͷ˼˵Խ
ҶͰϵ˵һ£ǿλĲϣ˶ݰҿĽͨĻ¶վǸ鷳
ʲô뷨ҶƽˣûʲôرķӦֻҶ
Ȼ֪ͨΪʲôҪֹϹһع飬ϵķӦӦ漰һЩ£ҴϹܿȥݷóүӣȡ֧֡Ҷشеʱ򣬸ϵʱ򣬻ǵϵġ
ҶƽˣһǣʱЦͨβס㣬һλϣ㵹ãֱӾͰѳүӸˡϵĵλܸߣϾܹսϵģүӵ쵼߶ģǺǡ
Ҷƽô˵ҶȻ֪֧Լ
һ˵ˣ̨Ǳ߶ķӦܼңϹҿҪع֮£Ҳڽãڵغ̨֮˺üҹסˡ
ססɣڵ̨ҲǵˡҶƽ˵
ǰ϶ʮ̨꣬ڵĵǺǿģǿжҲͬһ㣬ǸʱڵصȽϷգԷ͸
ڵؿˣ˵͸Ҳˣֻ̨ڲķȴأӪǣۿбƹĿԣԵ֤ͬԼϵĶӰ鱨ŵĹ
ڵص鱨ȴΪõõ˷չ֮ˮǴߣ˺ܴĽ
˳֮£̨Ǳ߶ҪչжҲôס
ʵҵĵĲ̨Ǳ߶Ϲұ˵ϸؽҵĵϹ豾˵뷨꣬ȴһͿҺеɣôڣΪʲôԭ򣿡
ʵϣҶƽҲãҶҲգǶ޷⽯ͨ塢Щ˵뷨ΪʲôһϵÿײĵϹ˼ɵ
¶ʵҲ򵥣ΪǸӲǡҵʿԲϹ֪ϹĿ֮
ǶǶԣ˵е鱨硰Ϲ裬ǾһһĴڡ
ҾνҶ˼һ֮󣬾ҡҡͷ
Ŷˣɵòһ¡
ҶˣѾʾ֮ҶȻܹϹӰԣֻ˵ҶҲԼ뷨
˵ҶƽԴҲеȤ
ϹڵܹͣģѾеˡҶ˵ΪλͲƸΪŮˣǾÿ𣿡
ȻܡҶƽ嶼ҡͷ񶨵
ЦϹݺ½ʮ꣬ȥŷ֮ݺŷ½ʮ꣬νһֻĴڣΪ
ϹΪҪع½ĻҲͲϹˡ
˵Ҳе֮󣬺Ȼ˼
Ҷƽ룬Ҳô
۴ķϹع飬ûʲôð̨Ǳ߶鱨Ա˿ӣ¶С
˵ϺͽͨǾʲô⣬ǵʲôҪ⣬ǲСǸ鲿ȵĻͲԶˡ
Ҳ㲻ʲôңҶҵôҲǵɰġ
ϹŮϹܿ¥¡ҶҶƽ˵ҴӦҪһġ
СӣţίԱֹܹŵôҶƽѵҶ䣬ȻʵСôѵ˵ϹܿŮɣ
ҶƽЩҲˣԼȷʵ㣬ǰҹеһǧߴݣŮǾ˻ķɶ꣬ҲסģֻҪ̫׶ˣҲ˵ʲôˣϾԸ顣
ȻԶ˵˼ֻҶƽǽӼϹܿ˶ʮӵʱ䣬ϹŵнڽڵչһЩͶĿ
ʱҶƽϹ
лҶǹģ壬Ŀǰûʲô⣬ϾѾͣԺôʵǲ˵ˡϹܿᵽ¶ʱҲɫ
˽⡣ҶƽͷʾҶ˵¶ҾմٳϹع֮¡
лҶǡϹܿҶƽĿ϶شһЩ
ίԱڳŵȻ˵˵ѣϹܿиոͶʮԪĿҲܹҶƽӦʵһҪ롣
ˣҶӵĻδؾͻôõЧˡ
ȻҶҶҵĵλ⣬ڸ߲ҲһȺܹõöĹϵ鲢Լ飬һϵǳеʷĹ⣬Ҫٰ϶ǲô˳ġ
˵ǲںӶʡԮѧУ裿ҶƽȻ顣
ǵģƻԮһѧڶɽԮʮϹܿشе֣֪ҶƽͻȻʲô˼
ԼѾͶʮԪĿҶƽӦ˰ɣһѧԮĿҶƽӦǿϵģҲھ͸Դǣ
ȻҶƽֻǵ˵ͷû˵ʲôͬĻֻ˵һ䣬飬ϹſԺԮ
ϹܿףҶƽ˵Ӳ豸ȥˣҲҪϣп֧ԮһʦǰӶʡΪһĶѧĿͷһѧϡ
ȻǼõġϹܿˣ̾ͷӦˣ˵λǸӣ¶ôĬ
Ҷƽ˵ʵֵĻԮܹʵӰεлܶ౶
ҶôʶģҶƽȻôһ
Ϲܿˣɵһ¡


1005 
ҶôʶģҶƽȻôһ
Ϲܿˣɵһ¡
ϹܿôҲû뵽ҶƽȻһ
ܹίԱίǵλãҶƽĵģ϶ǹҴ£ʲô֮飬ô˰ԣ
ܿͷӦҶƽôʣʵҲǺģϾ쵼ҲˣҲԼĸҲаҪ˵ҶӣӵĹһ¶ӵ飬ƺҲǺ顣
ˣҾһʶѡҶƽûϹܿش𣬾Ͱ˰ֵԭ֧Ϲһعģһλ쵼̸һ̸飬ȡɱȽϸ߲쵼һȽз˽룬Ϲ
ллҶǣʵ̫лˣϹܿˣʱϲ
м֮࣬ҲҶƽƺе̫˵ˣջԶ󵽵Ҫõöֻ࣬ҪǸ߲߶ͨˣôүүϹĻع飬ֻڵϦ֮䡣
Ϲܿӷʱϵ˷ܾԱ
ˣ΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
Ҷ֮˵׼һ£Ҵȥݷóүӡ
ھȥ𣿡Ϲܿˣʱеȵʵ
Ȼ˵ϹܿںⳤģǶڹڵιܻ¹һӹģȻ֪үӵελڵڵελǿᲢ۵ģֵһǣүǰҲɹ鱨
ϹܿȻҲ֪Ҷδ޳ǳүӵŮǿҶܹ׵絽ݻүӵĻᣬҲܲɸλгȻǷΪƸΪ꣬úܡ
ȴȡ͸㶨飬뺯ȥҶش
ȻҶƽ߶ѾʼˣôҶҵԴѾȫԱʱȥݻүӣƶ·չΪʵģ˵Ǳ߶ҶҲȥݻһ£µҪԡ
ԷϵԼֹۣȻһ۾ܹóϹҵĻع飬ڵصľ÷չжĺôˡ
㣬ȻԽԽáϹܿҶûиЦ뷨͵ͷͬ
ҶϹܿɽׯƺӵʱ򣬳СѾص˼棬ӵҶĵ绰ͿʼһεĻ档
ԭΪҪĥһӣүүŻӦĻ棬û뵽Ϲ⼸֣үӵ¾ˣʾԾ簲һλ棬ҶϹܿڳ֮ǰ͸˹顣
Ҷô濴Ҷ³˹̲סס壬ԼӲĻ档
ԴӶ˻֮󣬳СͱñȽˣ˼ʹڹǰҲż¶Ƚ̬ܵ
·еһʱ䣬ãϵϳҶЦڳһڣƽ͵ؽ͵
汧Ҷ壬ЦŶһԵϹܿ˵λϹСɣӭҼͣүүѾһˡ
лС㣬ϹܿϹܿͷش
Ҷӣ˵λеأֲóôô飬ǿϹ֮ܿ󣬸оеѹԲҪǰȨɣ
Ϲ̬ܿģûΪҪŰݷóүӣѰ֧֣ͶԳֻ˵ҶȷʵȾָ뷨ĻȫûбҪֳ뷨
ݰɣҵĶӶˡҶ룬ԼӦһʡñ˰㻵ˣɾ鷳ˣǾͶλС㽨
վֵܹøȻŮһϹܿЩ⣬϶ʲôοүҲҪϹܿ
ֻǳҲеƶȻǣߴŵãҲ飬֪үүΪʲôλϹСģ
оҶķӦƺҲе飬ѵΪϹܿƯ
Ѱ˼Щ飬̲ס˿ϹܿĲ棬Ůȷʵ÷ǳ£ϴһ˵ϵҪǿһЩʹòԵöһЩ
ңƺزȽϴ
ŮϹܿôһ壬̲סҶһѡ
ŶҶĪرһѣȻͷˮ
˳һۣͷ˶Է۾ĸоȻ֪Сʲô˼ˣһϹСոͶʮԪĿںӶʡҲԮһѧţʮǽڶɽС
Ҷ˼ܼ򵥣Ҫ˵һϹ֮ܿĹϵǾǺܵҵϵϹܿ鱼ߣҲΪͶصӰ죬ʲôģûʲôˡ
뷨ȴһҶĶԱ߶ֲֹôأϹСǮòѹ㶯ˣǲҪķ巿
ûе飬ˡҶϵ
⻰ȷʵ˵е飬֮Գ治˵ʲôģΪҶĶϾŵ飬СýȢķˣλռˣǾִҶҵ۹楡
˵ŮǣֻܾԺλˡ
Ȼû楣Ⲣ֪極ĴڣȻ˵ҲҪռҶԴʵˣЩ޷ıģҲֻ˶ΣռɷݣгռһЩ
Щ߰㡱ŮǣģǾѹҶеĿռʹڸаɡ
ȻˣҪʵĿ꣬Ҳô׵顣
ȳСԼҵڼ浥ӣĻɥʧԼĶ˸ܵĽìܵģܰҶ˩ߡ
ξҶݺ͵λҲˣҲһؼˣΪһɹԱδķǳԶν󲻿ԣҪʵĿ꣬ҶҪ飬ҲǺܶӵģҲǸеĺɷ
ľϵĸջˣϹֻ֮ܿһѣҶελԺҪͶͱŮǣ֪жء
ƺءҶһ۵ƻͨĳҴլЩ˵
ǰүүºܸߣ治֪ΪʲôҲЩɻ˵һ䡣
ڳүӵ˼ܲ͸ûмˣҳ沢ϹܿĸףȻͲ֪Ϲ赱ĵλӰȻҲ޷֪үӴʱ飬Ϊʲô˲ƽˡ
Ϲ裬ڵӰǺܴģ鱨ϵͳ档
ųҶ§§ģϹܿҲǸ̲ѣ˵Ϊһҹ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôôǰҪôİɣʵʧˡ
ҲλҶδޣǶۺһЩҲ£Ľġ
ֻǣϹܿų§ҶȵľٶǾġ


1006 ϳ
ڰ£òͷССûȨϹֹܿһ䣬Щεĸо
Ҷδ޳棬ܹŮһЩҲʩչЩ˵ļҪ˵ˣҪүӸ˵û
ʱȥ棬ǰôûУǸԼһѵĳֵ
飬Ϲܿǲȥģô˵ҲͳɱֵĴС㣬ϹҺߵĽӰѡ֮һ
ߡվһˣʾȨͬʱкϹܿһ¡
˽УϹܿԸڳĺ棬ǾƶΣƵҶһ߶ҲñȽϽֻûҶ϶ѡ
ϳҵԺȽϴ󣬴ӴŴͨĵһԺ䣬н׵ӣһ·ϻӳ̵أֲӰ쵽ߡ
мҪλ϶иͤȻ棬ЩԲǰ衣
󸮵İòϹ֮ܿ󣬾Ͳɵһ䡣
һ·Ǳ߶ҶǱ߶˳߶Ȼûһ岽һڵԴľ棬ȴܸܵŵ÷ǳİȫãͻȻϰٺȫװʿ⴦Ժ䣬ʱҲδؾܹõ
߶׼ֵģһ棬Ҳʲô¶
ϹܿоͶڵصЩȨһȽֱ۵˽⡣
ڹĻһ֮󣬻ϾûôܵİˣԼǮЩ飬ڵأȻǸ治ͬġ
аɣС͵ʲôģʹû治֪Ϲܿʵ뷨ڻشһ
Ҷֱ֮飬һӲ˵ϹСⷽмң˵ҵİúãָǾСɾӵͻȻϮҲܿס˵С͵Сʲôģܹô
ǺǣҵûעЦЦ˽ݡ
ֵͦģɺȻµ̸ЦԱ߶˾һֻѹñȽϵһЩóĻУ黹ǱȽѹֵġ
Ҹ־ˡҶˣɵ΢΢һЦֹһ䡣
ʲô˼Ա߶ĳϹܿҶĻʶطʵ
ҶǱ߶ŬŬ죬Ρ
ŶϹܿˣʱЦ
ʵȦ棬𱰸Ƿֵúģڳǰûж˸ڷκҶʫõģǱȽǡ
Ҷˣ˶һͷͿҶɵЦЦȻֿϹܿ˵λϹܲðɣ
ϹܿϹܿܿɱʾʺ˼
ΪҶϵȽϽϹܿɲҲʲô飬水յıֶۣϹʸҪȳүӻһϹܿҲ͸ɲƽֻ̫ѡ
Ϲܲÿˡɵͷ˵ϹżŷҲǺģĳжţӭڵͶʡ
ϹܿϹڵְλִиܲãȨƵ֮һϹҵĵﵱУҲǵλߵһ
ΪнѧѧߣȻŷ޼ӰĲţǳϤȻҲ֪Ϲܿڹٷʲô
ڵصķչ϶࣬濼ӦתͶʷ򣬾ܶز뵽ڵصľýҲǸ̽·ͷѡϹܿǫѷرʾ
ġɱʾڵгȻδǰǷǳõģϹڽͶʷ漫о飬֮кĿܡ
ǵҡϹܿͬ
ϳڹڽͶڵĵλǷǳҪģϹںȻɫҵǽͶʷͬ˱ľ飬ԼĴҵԱ˵ܹĻȻҪȴ¼֮ĵطҽڹʿ׶öࡣ
˵˺Ľ֮Ϲܿ̾ͱʾϿɡ
ϹȻʽ˲Ŵ涼ƣǶڵصĽҵϤҵ϶ǿհ׵ģҪڵطչĻûһʵǿĺǲɵġ
ϳ綼ӰĴ壬ȻǷǳʵĺѡ
ϹܿҲϹ˳ع飬ܹϳҳϹϵսԺϵĻڵ֮УȡĳɹүүϹ裬Ǽĳǣǳġ
߶ҶȴǸһͬǼ˵
ҶǼ֪ɣС⼸˵ǰһͷһ˵һָʹӡ
֪֪Ǵ򡣡һñȽܵˣվ̬ȷŵ÷ǳǫ
˼ҵĺӣϴѧأţСһꡣҶһ¡
ҶǰҲԵñȽϹһЩ̬Щн
ϳҵļҽҲǱȽϸģǲǷ裬ǻص˼棬ЩǶСһ˳޺ĻҲǲԵġ
Щһŵȥܰͱһ
ˣҲϳҵʲôģֻеĹϵһЩеԶһЩֻǿܹϳ߶˵Щ˸߶ĹϵǲģĻҲûĻᣬϵĻ߶
ʵϣЩ˻϶μӹҶͳĶʽʱҶڸ·ϣɱ˵ΣǶǼ£ôûһηУ
ݣôҶ˵ͷ
ҲˣЩ˿͸ϻһʵھǵǣҲҶ˸ŶͽСҶҵСϻ
Ҫ֪ҶүǰСҶϻģҶƽֵˣԵºͶˣȴҶʱ̳ҵֽŸ⵹ǰ޷ϵ顣
ǵż飬˶ڴֻҪһǽǰ̾ʵʵġ˵
ǶҶЦЦ
Ҳ߹ˣִɱɱ飬ʵǱȽϼɻģӣƵ飬ȻҲɱûܹﵽͷǰܣڲܣԺҲܡ
ˣͷȥȾƳ裬үǱ߶϶Ѿȼˡ˰ֵҶţųǱ߶˹ȥ
ϵĿģҪҶϹܿҪݻүӣ̸һЩ飬⡣
ãȥүӰɣӦÿţڵءɿ˿ǰļˣ͵ͷҶ˵
õģʧˡҶͷȻϹܿͳ¥ȥ


1007 ۵
ãȥүӰɣӦÿţڵءɿ˿ǰļˣ͵ͷҶ˵
үӿŵϰ״򲻶ģһҶ
ʵϣܶ߼ɲǶϰߣССӫ֮䣬СʱܾܿŷǳеϢҲֻֿŵˣܹʲô¶ʲô仯
ֻƬ֮Ĳͬϣ߾ܹϲ뷨߹˼ɡ
ҲΪˣǹٳ̳ˣֻҪǻñȽģڴѰЩеĶԼõϢ
õģʧˡҶͷȻϹܿͳ¥ȥ
Ҷ¥λ˾ͶԳ˵˸Ů
⼸Ҳ׷׵ͷǣ˵Ļࡣ
⵹УȷʵЩۡ
ҶҵŷжͲö˵ˣǿҶķչǰ˿ɼʮѾĸ߹٣һ֮˭ȵϣ
Ҫһ㣬ҶǿгǻȥģȷʵǰĽеʥͲ˵ˣڵĶɽУڷҲ⼸֮䡣
Ҫ˵ҶΪ֪ЩЩˡ
ǺǣСӼҵģҲô佱ڵЦԵ
ʵҶҺϳܹɹɺҶƽ֮ĹϵѲģλĹϵͺܲӵԾʹٳһ
Ȼˣ֮ĺȷʵеˣ⼸λͬҲǴҲⲻҪȼ֡
οҶıȷʵǳɫŮӵˣ涼ЩźôôõŮͱɸȵˣ
Ǽλһ𣬿ɲΪ˭ŮһЩġ
֣ԽƷʲôһλʵ
Ʒǲܸ㣬Ӧϸƣ׼żҲҪбϡɻشϾֶŪ̫ˣһ治תġ
ڵҵչڱȽϳĽ׶ΣҪ˵ΪӵĽڹˣһĽƷĿҲ١
ȻΪڵҵ緢չʱж̣ͬʱҲ˼άʽֲϾڽҵķſ˻Щԥġ
Ҳڸִǲڱ˵ĺ档һλͱʾ
ˣǾҪôҪúˡҲ˼ֵ
°ͣҲĥ顣
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ǰһƻĲͺһͨ90ڸĸҪݡ
ֵעǣεĽڸĸ80ڵǴθĸȣݡȡкܴĲͬ
˵ĿǰĽڸĸҵ30δйؽƵĺڳҰ²ϵı¿ʼġ
ҪΪҵеľӪ״񻯣80ĽڸĸȻſ˶ԴʽԴõƣȴʹҵвٷǴԽڻ˵չ˾սһŴľ
Ĵ󱳾£ƶƷߣͳҵƵһֶΡ
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˵Ľɻ˵
ûɵͷشɻġ
ɻҲҩһȻ
˻ͷһͼղ¥ҶʱѾˣɵЩ졣
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Ϲ˵ˣʱЦҡҡͷ
ʵϣҶȥ֮ûмӣүӾˣ˵Щ˽¶ҪϹܿġ
үӶô˵ˣҶȻ˼£¥
ֻҶ棬ҲеƶүǰϹ֮Ĺϵأ
鲻Ȥ֪ƾǹڵˣҲ֪ͬ
Ͼⶼǰ֮ǰˣǸʱ򣬳үӻᣬʱΪ鱨֯ĸ֮һϹǰعͷ֮䣬йôĽ߳ͻûж
ҪǰЩףֱùд鶼ûġ
ҶЩ飬;õȵϹ֮ܿһúú澿ʲôĻ֪ģ
ҶгԽҵҲȽ˽ⰡҶ
ոҶһ죬˵ǽɻҲҩ⻰λȤ
ʵϣʮǰʼڵĽҵѧϰľ飬ʱҵΪ˽ʼĴɻڵѧרҲӰ졣
ԴʱҶƺڽɻǺܿãǾ;еˡ
ϸ˵ҶǳɵŮҶҵļ̳ˣгǰ⼸λĸһ䣿
ʵҶ˶ǳȤҲҪ̽һ̽ĵӾжô
ϾΪ飬ۼΪʵҶһôˣǲͬ˵еôӢ䣬ͨܵԼ̽һ£ܹķڷ
˽̸ϣֻżҲһⷽˡҶЦŻش
ɿҶЦһ˲֪ҲͰˣֻǿҶ֮£óɵ֮׬ʮֻƾ£˭ܹȵأ
Ҫ˵ҶҵǲЦ
ΪˣȴҲֻҶôЩ˵
ɻǴҶгƺԼ뷨˵һоо˾
ǺǣҲţǾ˵˵¡һЦԵ
ļλˣ浹е죬ΪǺ¶ҲǺܵ͵ģҺܿ׶ڽҵĽҲҪǼλߣɶŮԣǾֻ˵һ飬ҶڽҵǼٶ涮
ҶûˢӵĻҲǰԲѣϾǳ˵ʲôʶԴĻǿɾЦˡ
Ҷг˵Ǹ㾭ý跽֣ڵҲвСȻһ𣬾ͱҴ˶ʱ͹ҪҶ˵ʲôС
ͽһҲǿ۽Ǳ߶ȼˣҲ˹ҪҶкθ߼ǲܹЩͷ˵һȥ


1008 滰
ͽһҲǿ۽Ǳ߶ȼˣҲ˹ҪҶкθ߼ǲܹЩͷ˵һȥ
ʱĶ˾ʹճһ
ǵʱ񺫾ЩˣûʲôȨġ
ҲΪҶǸ⼸λ˵Ժǲ˹죬ˣû˵ء
Ҷ˿ǣЦҡҡͷǾʲôҲʡǶš
ʵϣҶּȻ˵ʲôԳ棬һʲôģݣļӰôƵжϣ˵仰Ҳǿú֮ܶ󣬸еǳзġ
ȻҾ˵ˡҶһ֮󣬲˵ȻƽʱעҪǹڻгڸҪҵĻͽҵҲӴһЩо
֮󣬲ɵôΪզ࣬˵ţưһ߶гһ߶ʱоЩ⣬ȷʵһܸɵ˵飬Ҫ˵ҶھǵȦ棬һСϻƣ˵ŮԵȽϺˡ
ôӦƫôᣬȷʵѵõĺܡ
Ҷָ棬ںгһսʮ飬ӵ֪Ĳ٣ԶλҶҲЩĽģҲ˵ԲŻôϾ飬û
ͨ˵ϣǸһıǮȥڻгȥ棬ҲǸӰ
ǿ̶Ѩǲ÷һ֮ھӶûôˡ
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ҶɻڽڴµĶ½
ʵڹƵ£ڻҵбȲƳµĽڲƷԱƿڹƣǿľʵ
ΪԵǣɻӴ˿ͻͽҵķա
ʺͻʹƵĽгȾҵƶʵҵȫܻ֮ҵд߷յҵ򣬷ʲࡣ
ʱϰԼг⿪ţӿʱĹȻϽΪ˳ʱԴãڰг£ʵĳʱҲɾ޴ΣҶ˵ʱ򣬾뵽˼֮Ķǽڷ籩
ǽɻӰ죬ƶǸҲھͱ˹ʵЩڴǺɨ֮󣬼ʱ䶼޷ưܾлָ
ңпͻԼ˸ӵߡãȻ֪룬ֻеĽ飬ɴ˶ԱթƭҲƵƵ֡
ͬʱھӾ£Ϊ׷Ч棬ձ˺ӷ׷򣬷˿ͻ飬ͻΥԼʲ⵽թƭ¼Ҳżʡ
ļڻƲɻƶҲкܴĹϵ
ǳڣԿЧӶ࣬Ǽ֮󣬱׶˾ͷ׷׳ˣʱҪΪڵĳ嶯򵥵ġҶ˿ˣ˹˵¶ô˵ˣӸ˷ȷʵ׳˵֮˭򵥣ǾѲƶĸˡ
Ҷ˵ĻȻ˸оʵϾô¶
ڵĹԱǣΪ˳ٶ˵뾡˰취û¶˵׷Ч棬ϧծչһ飬Ǿ͸ˣֻ˵Ƿǳձġ
ֻҪڽҲôһһĻΣȷʵǷǳģļλˣ϶Щڨڨı飬ǿɶǳڽҵзչˣȻ˶ӵ׷ЧӦ
ͬҶԣɻƶ֮صĺôӦô㣬ֵϸһˡ
⻰̫ˣǼ˲˶ӣȥ׷ƬĶЧ档һӣɾҡͷʾ
ǰǲôġҲ׷ױʾ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪˵滰
Ͼ⼸λڹڽȦ棬Ѿ˼£˵ҪðƶɻԺӰ죬ֻӮȡһʱôҲ޷ߵڵλϡ
ЩҪҪ֧֣ģѾȦ¸ҲȦȥչģȴ˶ӡ
򣬻˵˵ôҽ׬ʮԪɣһԹĶ
һ˵˶ʱ׷׶ȻǺܸȤġ
¶Ҷȴûʲô̫뷨赭дرʾʵ¶һ⣬˵ĻҲ׬ôǮġ
ˣȴǷ׷׹벻
ҵ涼ѹͲʲô⣬ûаգûϸļƻôô׼ȷڶʱ׬ôǮ
Ҫ˵ҶеԸӡ
ûڣ˵˵ʲôأǮѾ׬˵
Ȼû˵ʲôǴĿ¶Ƕ飬ȻҲǷǳעġ
Ҷһ£ȻػشʵܹԤδġ
У㲻Ը˵Ͳ˵αرôһ׵Ӧǣˣʱ׷ײ
İ˵ʵǲţҲûʲô취ˡҶһ̯Ц
еʱ˵滰Ĳױ˽ܵģҶ˵滰ȴûһܹԤδ
ڴҿ޻̸֮
ˣ飬ƺ˼ʵ˵ʹⶼǼͻˣ˵ҲաҶ˳ɱȽŮ¶ˡ
ʵϴε飬Ǳ߶Ҳоϼ¼ɺҲĹֻЩֽĶϣûпҶξߵģҲûпѼԷ鱨ļ͵
ɵʱһֵֺĸоΪҶ鱨ģĻһ˸ûʱ;ôƴһ̡
ֻǼȻҶ˵ôȻҲǿʲô飬һǵҶˣʱĿԼŮ
˳ôһ˵ȻҲʲôˣЩأҶʲôҶĶ䵹徻
һӣıķ߹ѯʲôʱ򿪷
΢һ°ɣ׼ãҹţүҲӦ̸ˡɿ˿¥Ǳ߶˵
˵֮䣬ͼϹܿһ¥ȴûпү¥


1009 ı
˵֮䣬ͼϹܿһ¥ȴûпү¥
үôɿų棬Щѯʵ
֮ǰ˵õİţүӻЩֶ䣬ȻһԸģϾھĶǸϳҹϵеӵǡ
үү˵еҪԼ԰ɡش
ɿ˿Ůı飬ûʲô쳣Ҳ벻͸үôͻȻԣ˵ͷȻˣôóɡ
ķӦһȻȥ֪ͨǱ߶
Ҷ˿ЩˣǸЩˣǺС˵үӲԷϢ֮϶¶˷ǳźı顣
ԳүӵݵλǵԪܹͬԷĻᣬȷʵ֮٣ǽүӵڵһ굱жҲֻһγڹߵеĻᣬֻ͸ˡ
ԭүӴӦ˸һԷ⻹ǿŴҶݵķݶϣʱͻȻˬԼȴҲû˸ʲôֻܰ̾ԼѶѡ
Ǳ߶ܿͿʼϲˡ
߶Ϊ֮ǰǺʽİţԲƷȽϷʢ˹
ΪүӵǱȽϲ͵ģһεҲΪר˾Ĵʦ˽ˣţʲôĸ÷ǳ£ˣһͺʳ
үʱ¶ͲˣҴүдңһҪԺúȺáɿ˶Ѿ֮󣬱˺ƱӣԴ˵
Ȼ
ףүӽ١

˷׷˵һЩȻͿʼԶ
ҶڳϹ֮ܿ䣬ЩµĸоΪһ⣬ȻָϹܿһʮµ˻ƾƣָڶĳңңؾ˱ƣ˳ϵ顣
үôҶס棬ߵѯʵ
ҪϹܲˣүүһүү֮󣬾е񡭡Ҷһ۵Ȼ˵ȥԷ飬үү˵ȥˣЩҪһ롣
ӰҶ֮Ҳе棬֪Ϲܿ˳үʲôȻóүӶôӡ
ʵ˳үڹĴȻҲйעǵѾ޷ǵעˣܹȥ˼飬ȻʲôѰ顣
ҶǺ֪Ϲܿ͸үӵʲô·
ϹС㣬ʲôүӣҶͽӴյϹܿǱ߶Щѯʵ
ϹܿڳһţţԾͣòͽһ£Ȼ˿˻ƾƣŵضҶ˵ʵҲʲôصĶֻǽʮŷŵһЩ̬ܶ¼ѣȴû뵽ôӡ
үӼ˶ʳˣӳ̶ȣȻһܹġ
ϹôѼϣȻ˵˶Դ˲ΪȻҶ֮ȴһĶݡ
ҶٹȻʶ㣬֪㡣ϹܿȻҲЩȣǿҶ˶ݵı֮󣬻ǱȽ򶨵ġ
ҶܹͨеĹؽڣҲ£ĻҲûб¸ôˡ
ôЩҪ𣿡Ա߶ĺȽϼ⣬̸֮Щطʵ
ȻҪˡûػشЩϸظһЩϷĴ¼໥ӡ֤ĻԷֺܶߵġ
ʲôߣˣһãȻ
ξһ廯ҶԱ߶ոճȥһ㣬滹ھ׽š
ȻЩҶͽеĻǿһ¡
ʵһֱоⷽ⣬ΪˣŷˣԤսͳһǱȻģǱľͬӦǱĻþԵķʽɣ⽫һû̵սҶ˵ʵعʷǵһսеôͬӦڶʮʮѾɡ
ΪʲôأҶôһ˵ҲоеˣûҶô롣
ΪһսѽʱĶֵ¹ݿʵҵʱ׻ܡȻȴڴʱ˸һԹ¢ʽֵĳʵҵʱƵȨҶ͵ʹ˽ʱڴʱĿܣǲ˵¹𣬲ɴڽʱĬѸٳɳ׳󡣡
Ͼȱ飬Ҷ˵ΪڽʱУ¢ϵĳʵҵʱҪԶȵ¹ݿʵҵʱɺޣʹñȵ¹ʵܾͨ͵Ļңи岻ˮòԱ֮졣ˣڶսıҲ˳ˡ
˼˵һսͶսЩʱڱƶˣЩ𾪵طʵ
ʱڣڲûڽս֮С˵Ҷڽʱ˵˹¼˽⣬ޣԺȻ顣
ҶͷشJPĦ˵ƶʷĶǷɣǽǮֻнǮԣսʵǽʱڱƶȻսĽ̲ûʱϣչյûӭͷײܾˣս󷴶ǿͬʱŷάֳһӴңһϵбʱӦսκĳ֣ʹһбһȫµĶʽս
սʵһ־õսڽʱʱ֯ʽԴ÷ʽʵҵʱȽһ־սǿ˽ʱʮʹöŷ䡢ս塣ҶЩп˵˵±Ӧʹ˴סʱһͳµʱӦþʹ˵ʱϰһսлָԪĵ¹ݿʵҵʱһͨĸ￪ţʹþÿʼϿ쳵ǡ
˼˵Ҳǽʱģ֮ȻԾСǴû˵飬ʱȻǳ㵡
˭Ҳû뵽òβӰ죬Ȼ֮
ǺȻģοα˵ôһ仰ûϲ㽨ⲻǰ˵ģԼûʶѡҶЩΪȻؿ˺һۣҡͷ˵ҪȻΪôӴһ壬ʵһôôؿأʵϽʱ𵽵ƶãǶӰġ
٣ıߣڶ棬߳Է߸˵ĳɣʱͻȻ̧ͷָҶЦô˵еˣ
ҶҲЦʵԼҲʱȷʵӰܴ󣬵Ҫ˵ϵ飬ǻеԹʵˡ
Ҫ֪еʱǴҴ۵ʱǿ϶ᰴվ籾͵ݵҪģǸʱһлηչҲֻŻ֪


1010 ²͸˼
Ȼ˵ҶǽıߣƺЩΪȻӣʵôģǾͲö֪ˡ
ֻҶһ֮ǣеӣҶԷЦ˵СúŪ˵ʲôǶš
ѹ˵ս˵֮Ӱô󣬹ؼΪҶڽʱ˽ⲻԲŻýʱܣ̶ͽǸħˡ
Ҳֱӵںܳһζʱڣڽı۵һֱ޷ƽϢ֧ϵ
ıǺгģһӹɡ
Թ֮үӴϹܿڳҴԺϢҶҲų˵
˵ĿǣûִĻᣬѾɢȥˣܹڳүԶٷѾǷǳҫ飬ٶܣʱ޷
ͳүӵЩϣûбݵģҶȻϹܿ
СϹܿͷش
һݶ¡Ҷ˵
ҲȤϹܿЩطʵ
үһֱԽӰܴ󣬶ڹʽĹעҲܶ࣬Ի׼ĶȽϸȤҶӦñ֮ģЩȤе⡣
ҶмֵĶȤҶش
Ϲܿ۾һھбϵĻ͸һݶˣҵĹһӾͻ顣
ҶæҪܵܶ࣬ϹҶĹڽʱĶϣ϶ǸȤģҲȥоЩģֻһֺѡ
ζӣⷽ˼Ҳ͵ˡ
ʱûˣҪһȥʱһݶϹܿش
ǵǲˡ¥ϴ˳үӵ
үڱҽĲ£¥
ס
үү
ɺͳ桢Ҷ̾վվӭ
û¶˵˵үӰ˰ֵЩҲһʱȤʹˣҲûже˼ˡһӣСûȥԼС
ôһ˵ϹܿɫһЩ仯
ȻϹЩϸүӣҲͶãϾΪڷĶ֣үӶЩ϶ǸȤģϹܿôţΪүӼЩ֮󣬻Ϲӡ
ʵϣүӵķӦҲȷʵͬԤϵеʳĸо
ֻϹܿҲû뵽ֻһٷĹ򣬳үӾʹ˳ûС
Ȼеǳ⣬ϹܿòϣүӵĶ񣬲ΪӰ죬ȷʵһܹ⡣
ҲֻҪ㿴ѣʵҲ顣ҶүӾȻҪ͸ԼɵЦоȥһЩ¾ϣһδƣǰܱҪһЩ
šүӿҶһۣȻǺص˵ͷ
ǳүҲãҶҲãͳֵˣǲܰѾ˷оʱֶôϡ
ԣϹܿϣ򵥵طһ¿ԣҪоĻǾͲֵˣӰǶڴֵжϣҲԼһСȦ档
Щ飬ԭͲĴȥǵ⡣
ҲΪһ㣬үӺܿʹĳ֮ѹҪЩӸҶҶҲһ͵е
һһСȻʡ͵ĵơϹܿаڵ̳ȻǴ֮ѹүү֮ǰ͸СӢۡ
ʵڻع֮ǰϹܿҲǴмְģΪڵľ÷չٶȻýɹҲֵһᣬ˾ԶԶرڸ֮Ĺ棬Ǹ߹֮ʶҲ޵úܡ
ع֮ĳڣϹܿҲȷʵԼ뷨ûڵĹԱǣȷʵǾ֮ܣȷʵȱ㹻˽⣬ʶǳúܡ
һϵжܴ죬ȴϹܿһЩԱǵ̲ֻǱһСȦ棬ѡ
үӺҶı֣Ϲܿʶһ㡣
λ˾
ү֮󣬾ɳϣķܿͰ˹
ʹˣϳԵĶҲ࣬һֻ̲࣬ʳģҲܹ֤㹻Ӫ
үү飬һ˵һ˵үӿϹܿ˵
ллϡϹܿˣǷ
ֻҪǳϵͷˣôҲһ
ųүֿҶ˵үү㸸Ǳ߶ӦҲ˰Űɣ
ӦһЩŵġҶʵش
ϾϹͶʮģ۲νСҶ棬ֵûһЩҲ޿ɺǣûʲôӦĻ¸ˡ
үӵ˵ͷţǾͺá
Ȼ˵үӵкҪӰû㹻ĴϣҲױ̬ϾԣһһзǳеӰԱóֵ֧֮󣬲Ż̬
˵Ҳͳһսϵش¼Ҷ˵ܲͳս벿Ҳ̬
ͳսٷ沿ίԱͬʱҲϳµһԱ󽫣гүӷٷ沿϶ǻᾡġ
ҿԡүӵͷͬˡ
ųүӳ˷͸ɢȥ
ϹܿסޣȻҶȥԼķ䡣
ΪʲôүүҪϹܿסڼأһ֮󣬳Щ˵
ϳҺͣҶ׼ŮҲٻסϹܿȻܹõĴȷʵеԤϡ
ǻɣϹܿ˸үӴȥʲô֮⣬пܻʲôĶĻүδؾͿϸӡ
үԼ˵ĻҲΣȻ޴ƶϡ
ֻһ̬⡣ҶЩʶȻҪһЩ§ųڴϣΪ͵ٽϣϢͻᴫȥ˵ϹܿסƺӣִǺټġ
ŶԭҪѽôһ˵ʱͻȻ
ûҪơҶͷûһͷүҲ˵Щ¶Ҫȴģжһ·ȻŻԼѡ񡣡
ˡ̾˿ĲϲϹ̫ܿˣԽ˵Ŀ⣬Χת
˵⻰ЩغһҲ֪ΪϹܿΪ˵עϹܿϣ
ǺǣЩЩϸ֦ĩˡҶˣЦҡҡͷҪģȴǽһϹҵĻع飬ڿӭһ⻪ǵͶȳ˵ĻүҲܸȤվ̨ǰġ
Ŷ֮Щпص˵ͷ࣬ѹҲǴӣȻ͸һ㣬Щ˵˼Բ²⡣


1011 Ѷ
Ŷ֮Щпص˵ͷ࣬ѹҲǴӣȻ͸һ㣬Щ˵˼Բ²⡣
Ǻǣ˺Ů֮䣬ܻһЩġҶЦ
˵أȴǲô׾ͷŹҶҪһʵԵĶ
ţٸӰɡҶĥһ£һ˵˵ͳƹ˸Ȥֱǣơȹ˿ࡢѥֹܡջΨһ⼸ֻһˣǾաŮ˸Ȥֱǣ۸ߡаȫСܱ㡢רһΨһ⼸ֻһˣǾǲᡣ
ˣ;Ҷں˵ϸһ룬ƺеֻǲ֪Ҫʵ˺Ů֮ʲôϵ
ܽһ¾ǣϲŮϲޡҶ˵˺Ů֮𡣡
ǺǺǡŷӦҶȻһַʽԼ˺Ů֮
Цһ֮󣬾ͷЩԾǾҶʵ˼˵ϲģʵϹܿǸǲǣ
Ҷ⻰ɵΪ֮ȻôҲ벻ͨô뵽ģҪ˵Ů˵˼ȻǺѲ£ȥҲ²ס
ֻǻ˵ϹܿҪ˵Ҷһ뷨ҲûУҲǲܵ顣
ʵϹܿѪͳа˷֮һķ˻ĳ̶ֳϣҲһЩ˵ֻǲԣΪһӰ죬ĺϵõ˺ܴĸĽԸԵýӽڻƽһЩ
潫ϹܿŮȻҲȫ޵ǴϹܿòǴܹڵɱѵϹܿȷʵ֡
˵ϲСƺҲʲôα⡣
ˣѹûеҶȻ϶ֻ§ų棬֣ѳСŪ࣬ϢȣһƬհףʱ׷顣
ڶһ磬Ҷƽֿʱ򣬾Ϲҵ⡣
Ȼ˵ϹǰһЩжԵ飬ǱϾѾȥôˣҲӦþŲţҵʱиԵҶƽ˵ϹŵĳҲǺģûɽôһž֮⣬ͽ˿ЦҪ֪һϹתսгǴܴӰ죬ŷţǻ̲ţعڵطչȤҲ
ˣӰҲӦעҶƽĻδ䣬ЭʯȪϯͲˣʾǲҪýҪԣͬʱҲӦע⵽Žͬ־ǣǵиϹϣմѪģҵĻǳ
ʯȪгίȨȻҪǳίԱҶƽö࣬һ˵ʱͰҶƽѹסˡ
ǴҵĿ⣬ͷ׷תƵҶүӵϡ
ֻҶүƺʹ˲ֽҶƽ˵ɵ񼡣
鲿Ʒɲһ˵ҸΪⲻʲô¶ǰϻˣֲĨȥʣ˵λͳعˣѵ˵Ϲĵλ˵ˣϹ֮⣬ҲԵ̫СҾòס
Ҫٸһȥˣ˵Ҳ̫ɻ䣬ʲô˵ʲô
˶Լֵ֧ģҲзԵģģ̬֮ܶȲǺ뷨Ӷࡣ
ִ޹ʱͳսٷ沿ͻȻͱ̬ˣҾãʹڣͳһսȻҵ󷨱֮һϹǰǹȥˣڵΣҪĵ飬ҾǿΪͳսĿģ̨Ǳ߶ЩȵҪһǵ
֮ϵɫЩͬ
ʯȪϯɫЩȻû뵽ϳٷ沿ϾȻô̬ˣеЩ⡣
ʣٷ沿ԿǳүӵǱȽصġ
ϹţҵʵǿܹĻڹھý跽棬ȷʵкܴĴٽãЩ׽ĿҲ˳չˡгίͬ־ҲʾԼĿ
һӣͬ־ʵҶϣʲô
ǻӦǰģһԹΪأҪӿ췢չȡϺӡҶүûӦҲ˵˼䣬ȥһЩ˶ԹȽСڣԺԡ
˵ҲͶˡ
ͬ־ͱʾ飬ͳսٷͬ־ٰɡ
˷׷׾ͬ⣬֮ǰЩԵʯȪϯҲˡ
ãһͨͬ־ͷٷͬ־һ£ȡˡ
õġٷ˵ͷ
󲻾ãϢͨһЩģ͵õϢ˵ǳүͨͳս˽źϹŵĶ³ܲϹع߿
٣¶ǰˣҲһҶõϢʱڸҶһ緹
񳾰䶨Ҷܹˡ
Ҷڸ裬һ˼ؾоⷽ飬˵ӹһЩʲôģ뼸ʦָ֯һʲôģֵòֺ
Ҷĸп֮ҶЩʵ¶ʲôϵˣ
֮£ϹֱͶʮ𡣡Ҷش
Ŷ潻Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҳ潻ɡҶ˵ԣ¶ڹкôġ
Ҷĥһ£ȻʵȻϹŷ޺Ӱô跽棬ӦҲкܶྭˣ˵ҪǺ᲻ҲЩǰ
ôЩڸȤˣҶüͷǾڹڸʱǮļҪһЩ
ϾڹڵĸһЩȴôУ˵ϲģƾ͸ˣЩǣ֪ҲĲŸѣ˵̫ߵĶʵ治ת
ˣڵĸ߶ֲҲſȸˡ
ܶȻ˸߶ֲĻԱǳдѵʱһãԼƽʱȴȥǸʱ䣬Ů˶һЩ
Ǻܸе˶㲻ҶȴǶҶЩ
СҶЩΪȻҡҡͷȻûа¶ϡ
Ҷ飬ҲܺӣϾֵܣҶżϹ֮ܿһͿԣϾŷǱ߶ӦǱȽϳġ
˳ŷҶֻ
ҶȴǶɽǱ߶ģ䣬վʲôѾץˣãã
ֳʲô¶ˣҶҶһ˷ܣɵЩ
ƺλϵܣһǵгҲѸĳ԰


1012 ֶ
ֳʲô¶ˣҶҶһ˷ܣɵЩ
ƺλϵܣһǵгҲѸĳ԰
ҶĻɲ޵Ҷϵ̬ȣȻԵڵġ
¶ǹϵһЩ飬ͲҪˡҶ˰ֵȻǲԸ˵
ʲô鲻˵أֲֿᣬ·ҶЩΪȻطǶɽСطٴҲ죡
ڵطϵˣЩǣȻЩģҶܵܣֻһͨĵؼегôҶǰҲ㲻ʲôϾЩˣÿһĳλ࣬ԺգÿĶʡǸ߼ĴԱĸɲܹǵ棿Ҫ˵صĵɲˣǵУֱһĴڡ
̬ʵҪõġҶˣʱЦЩȥ߿ô˵ҶҲô˵Ǿеˡ
ٺ١ҶҲЦЦȻǱҶ˵¡
ʵϣҶϴ꣬ǺܳģȻûмʶˡ
еǣȷʵϰߣƽʱǱ˰ͽţΪµһˣ˾֮ҲܵطϹԱǵԼٲȻѾ˸ֿӵ˿ͷҲ١
ǵֶɽˮʱ򣬱˸ˣ촦һѪܵӣϾݣ̫Ļ϶ǲ䵽ֵزġ
ƵҲкܶ࣬Ҷ顣
ôܹ꣬ôļҵȻҲֻ֪ƾ踸ȥǳ֮Ȼ͸Щ
ֻһ˵СϷ˵˵Ҳ޷ͲҪ⴫ˣʡñץסҵİѱҶ룬ǸҶ˽¶
Ҷ˵ģȻǶɽǱ߶飬ڸ۵ͲŶ³顣
ߵʱ򣬾Ǳ߶һж壬˸һɵͼΣǵ˵ĶɽµͼҲͤλá
˱ŵõͼ֮ȻҲû뵽ⶫȻҶ׳Ҫ찵СֶΡ
Ϊˣڰͼʾλãھ򡰶ɽвرʱ򣬾ͱоֵ˸ץһţʡ
Ǻǣ϶ֶȷʵġҶˣʱ͹Цúʴ̼Щ˵ҲӦã˭Ͼеͼأ
Ҳǿ͸ǵ˼Բôһ£û뵽ô׾мˡҶȻҲǴá
ʿٸӣҶеܲˣǲ¡ڴƳͶ̣Ҷ͸ȥˡ
ɽȻǷУȴҲôһͶʣϸӴͶʵĻӣҪڶɽиеȻҶ޷̵ģûץǵѱֶǸ۵˵ĻҶͶǶˡ
¡Ǵʡ٣ȴҲ޷ҵҶִֶΣϾڶɽУҶϴ󣬿Ծһĺ
ҲäĿֹۣϾԷûкֶİţ׳ʿʲôЩڵˣӦóġҶҶ
۵Ǳ߶Ϊʷԭ򣬺ڵȽϲⱣһܹӰ쵽ӢֵĴ󲿷ֱ֮󣬲ǽϺõؽ⣬ˣڵĸ۵ȻǳӴĵ֯
ʿٸӼȻȻҲЩ벻˸ϵмڴˣҶòҶʡһʱ⣬Щѳȥ
ؼһ㣬Щ˶иӢǱ߶ĻգڵڲЩӵʱ򣬱Ҫ㹻֤ݣܹ֮Էһϵи⣬ƾ͵פ۰Ӣִˮ˾ˡ
ҶЧؽЩ⣬һЩС鷳
ĺˣкֶҲӦԷҶЦ
ʲôţҶʵ
ڵԣ޷ҲôӦַһǼ¶йϵȻЩģҪ˵ûйϵҲ˵ͨġҶԣҹһַʽǾǽЩ˸ȳȻٻе֤ݣĨƽˡ
ôǲװɣҶ֮󣬾еˡ
ڶԷѾץ˶ɽо棬֤ݹҲ˿ˣûоֵľֳͷ޷ĨƽģϾ֤ȷ
Ƕɽоֵľֳǳίг˽ѼεģλҶյ˶£ôܲҶ̨ӣ
ҶȥҲ벻ͨʲôֶΣܹЩ˾ȳҽеķ֤ݸǲܰ쵽顣
취еģǮͨҶЦЦһЩû˵ġ
Ҷ룬ЦˣǺǣЩЩŪֶΣеˣҪֶѹˣڻûءȾƺȾƣֵܵЩûһȾˣҪһݡ
ҿɲҺˣһҵĻǾ鷳ˡҶȸ˱֮ƣȴǲٺˡ
ͬʱɽ߶ɫȴǷǳѿ
ôֳô©ڷȥüͷ
¶˵ҲΣǺȻһŶɽµĵͼ廹еɵģ¶е̫ˣ߶Ҫȷɽͤλãҵ˵Ƶĵͼ
˵Ϊ˱ȽԴĻΪԼĺ˵ͷ¶һ˳ƫƫһŵˣԾͺϸؿһжݶͼ١
ֻپҲû뵽ȻѾɽеͼôһĵͼ찡
Ͼ岻֪ҶͶ
û뵽ǲȥ󶯸ɸ꣬ͱɽеľˣ˵߲õ˲ٵġ
ôһɾеˡ
þͨǣʳʲô˴鷳
Ҫ֪ɽеĴгҶͶôȤץסѱô߳ɽжС¶¡ڴʡϣҪӡ
۵Ͳţ¡غӶʡģǳ⣬ô¡ҪܵɵģȻδؾܹ˽ǣһʶ˲ñӣ϶ͷϡ
¡ڻûժͷϴʡñ֮ǰִţ֪᲻Ӱ쵽ķƣ
ݻһô˱ߺһ·֮⣬Ҳûʲôѡ
о¡ʡ˵仰ʿ赭дؽ
飬ֻԼܸ¡ڳϹϵˣʱǳ
ӣǴģԼˣúǶܹҶһĻԼҲҪôͷˡ
ô˵黹ǵԼ취С


1013 ǹӣ
飬ֻԼܸ¡ڳϹϵˣʱǳ
ӣǴģԼˣúǶܹҶһĻԼҲҪôͷˡ
ô˵黹ǵԼ취С
ʿе˵¡ڿǸһϣҪҲûôˡϾ˭֪¡ʡģǳ¶¡ʡʲôʿԣ
ʿٵ˼ǺףǾǴ¡ڸˮѾˣѲ˸ϵ¡ҲùҶһϵơ
뷨ҪáˣʱҡͷҲ̫СڵĹԱˣеƼҵƤ̫أҪ˵һʡ֮жˣǵ¡ڷܹ˺ôȥ
¡֮ϣǻڹ֮ͬϵģ¡ڵ˵ΪӰ쵽¡ڵ;ǰĻԻ¡ڵӹɵġ
ҲУҲУҪôźãʿٷʵ
취ܻеģǮͨ񰡡ĥһ֮󣬵˵
˰죬ܾ黹ҪӶɽо߶֣ҪøֱһЩ޷ǾǶ໨һЩǮѡ
ھϵͳ˽ֻҪԼϻǮͲ÷û˲ģʱ߶Ū֤ݸûˣôҪٷˣҲҲʲôԼ֤ˡ
˼ȷжȻͰԼ溰˽ֹһӣŰ˴򷢳ȥ
ֱͲû˲ģ֮󣬲źݺݵ˵
ȥɽµˣһˣ£Ǹˡ
Ͼ֪˲̫࣬ҶҲҪɿˣ⼸λץ֮󣬵Ҳû˵ʲô岻Ļ
뾳ʱ˸֮䲢ûʲôֱӵϵϸϸز鿴뾳֮٣ܹóһֱǸж·ڻεҪ˵֮ûʲôϵҲǲܵ顣
ǶѺоֵһ棬ȻûжչͻѶȴҲֿܣ˵ЩƬʲôģҲ߶İ칫棬ûбоֵ˸ȥ
ϸ¶㲻ʲôҪİӣϾʲô飬ҪͨרҶԵȡмֵ֮󣬲ܹȷǵжôء
˵ȡʲֵǮĻôǵΪҲǾһѣʲôص⡣
ֻǼ˵Ҳûʲô׶ΪҲһڳĶʲô·
ϴܾ¶еΣЩȻȥģһ
ģ˵ҲеʱڵϹģҲûϸ⿴еԾ
ǣʲô˻ôеģѶأ
棬ļǣΧһŲ֮ǰ顣
ʵΪɽоֵЩˣ̫ˣһ㣬ܲ񼣬һε˹µһ֡
Ҳʲô¶ϰǵģ˵õĶǸ۵գ½߶Ҳûʲô취ͷǸϴͰο˵
۵ʱ򣬾ͼһ˽ǳ˵Ҷʵһ
ת뿪ʱȴǽһֽŶ˽
˼ˣЩɲϴֽŶͷһζС־⣬ֽ滹д˼֣ױʡ
ϰô˵
˵跨ӳȥѾͨ˿أһᡭϴֽ֮󣬶ʱЩ
һε飬㲻ж󣬿ҪӳȥĻһûгɹɾִˣҲ֪ǻ᲻ֱӿǹǸ
ôķգǷֵȥðϴҲûе׶
ϰ廹˵ҪǰԱ߶֤ݶŪߣĻԷͲܰôˣңҲ˸Ǵкϴֿ˿ֽϵ֣ʱ̤ʵˡ
Ǹ꣬Ȼ¡ڸ˽ܲǴʱ¡ڳ˺ӶʡǶԣһǳĻ
¡ڴкĻôûʲôõĵˣֻҪǰƯһЩͺ⡣
ȻˣǾ͸¡һӣ¶˾ġ
˿ʼֹ˺߳Ų֪ʲôڸ־⹤ȥǰںڽͷˡ
ֵǣôһζʱ棬Ȼûи̽ǵǸ廨ǮúһС
ܳǮǺãµεĻֱӰԿӽˣ˳֮ϴֹ
һͷҲûˣʳǱ߶ŵƣЩӰ˶ȥԷˡ
һѸڰ칫֤ݶŪߣϴкһȻ󼸸˾ͽԱ߶칫ҵŸ߿ȻʼҶǲЩ֤ݡ
ҵˣ˺ܿͷ˾ֳƬʲôģ⻹мֳġʲôġ
ƬʲôĶ٣װӴȥϴԸ
ҵ˴ȻƬȼգ򽫼װһ档
ϴ߶ľʵ̫иˣǹ桭һ̾ͷµ
ܳӡϴһۣЩȵ˵˵ڵصǹ֧ϸҿҲˡ
ǵºҲû뵽ھڲҲ˶ֵġ˾˵
ϣʲôĻҲи̡ϴԸһ˽֧ǹϣȻͿʼߡ
оƺûʲôע⵽⼸ˣϾ˶ȥˣ˭Ҳ⵽ǵ
ǵǸոҪ߳ŵʱſڵľע⵽ǣʲôģվס
ߣϴ˵һ䣬첽ȥ
Ѿطˣôͣ
μɣҲ̾ͽеǹ֧վסȻҾͿǹˣ
ܳϴǹǸҲǸ𱬵ģǹʱۺˣγǹ˵ǹҾûǹ
۶˰һǹ죬ǳ࣬ȻͿȥ
ߣ鷳ˣ·ͻȻϴҲеľѳֻۣӲȥˡ
ϾҪȥˣֻҪլһأ˭ҲҲ
˵ˣǵݾΣûüأһ޶֤ľ棬˭Ҳûа취ˡ
ʱ˷쳣ͼо߶˹ҷ׷״Ϯˣɱˣ
Բۣϴһ˦Ӿ˳ȥ


1014 һжվ籾
Ѷľ첢࣬Ҳʮˣ߶Էġ
ϴ˾ͺŵ֪֪
ʵǵ棬սѷˣȫᲢۣ˽ǰϵʱ򣬾߷ǹսģȻ¼ڵؾ졣
ǹǸӦһ̧־һǹȥ࣬ǶȻ޾壬ǰͳ塣
ǹôôˣϴ״һ߶ܣһ߶
ӦðˣԼҲеƶ
ǹڵҲŵģӦأǹôľھȻû˵ˣʵеĿ˼
ЩԾͽϻ˳һ֮¶ʱʧɫܳӵ˶ֽˣ
ǹǹӵҲӵĻҩܼ٣ӵҲܷɳȥʮԶûʲôɱѹǹûʲôӦ
ƫƫɫոպҲûע⵽ӵȥ֮״ûд˵ĻҲỳɵ
˵ˣǿϾӰɣȳ˵ϴʱ˼棬һƣ̾ѡ
ʮףͷྡྷˡ
߶̽յ̾˹ǼΣҶҲаͣÿһٶʮؾһ΢ͳǹͷȫװһбӡ
һӵ˹ŵ⼸˶ʱſ˵ϣһɪɪ
ôǿĻ壬ɵӲŻܣǱɰ
ؾǺܿͳˣһͰǸȻһȭš
ܣ
ܳҪǸպִǸˣ
˶ɽо֣ܳȥذɣؾǷ׷ţذǸϽȥ
ͻȻѾǹˡ
ʱҲ˳ߵ˵
ץȥ˵ǹߣһǹ˵ģԲʲôƲȲһǵϵ׶ǲǹ߷ˣһȥǴӵ˵ľͷԸ
˷׷ӦȥȻ⼸˸´˻ȥһؿɾͲ칫һôˣֱ̾ߣóǹ쿴
Щ˸Ūȥ֮ĸ˾ʹӰ˳ؾ֧ӵĶӳɣϵҲ߻ġ
ҸɵòСûţοһˣȻѯʵ
û¶ѹûпӵ֣ǹԶɵˡСЦ
ûŰǹҲߡ˵
ҲûйϵӵµˡСش
ȿЦ
ǽ˼ңϵϿ˿ͼǼ˾⿪ǹܵԱ߶İ칫棬һЩϸٻٵΣ޿ɱ粵ڳ嵽ǹľͷҲ¼
ǳ׽⡣ɿ֮ص˵ͷ
ͽ߶ίго־ֳ˽˻㱨
˽֮̾ھǵҶ˻㱨
Ҷ˶ɽ߶Ϣ֮д󶨣ץסѱ⼸˶ΪģŪộǲѵεġ
ܹõ¡ڵ֧֣ƵȾָɽؽĿЩرѾǲܵˡ
˵ˣ¡ҲδؾͿʱȻ֧壬ӣҪһܵģȻĻӰ̫󣬳ܲ
Ҷ˵绰͸Ҷ˵ɽе顣
ʵ˵廨Ǯоֵ˵ʱ򣬾ͿʼˡҶҶ˵еһжоֵɵݳģЧ
͸Ǽ˵ֽҲǼٵģҶЩ
ǵǼٵģȷʵڲ߻ߣֻǲԤƵЩͨһڣĵӳȥġҶشֻǵ˰ǰж޸һ£Ծڵľ档
϶湻յġҶ֮󣬾۵
Ҳû취ҶЦЦ˵̰ˣ飬ٸҪ̰ٻ飬Ļôܶṵ̀ǣ
ƺеġҶˣͷ룬еľƱЦΪǼҸһЩٸɱ
ҶеľƱջ˻ΣȻЦһ
ʵ˵òҪĻͲֶܾΣҪʱЩСֶζɹĹؼ
ڿӺ˿϶ʲô飬Էк˵뷨ôҲǽЩȶظշѣϸ˵ҲǷԤһ֡
ң֪Էʲôˣô֮͸ûʲôˡ
ϰ壬ıֽ͹ˡʱҶƯŮŤƨ˹ʮݱֽ˹ȻָǰѾƵϡ
ţȥɡҶ˰ֵ
ҶĿ⣬˳뿪ŤŤȥƨɸһӣ˻Ҷ˵ϴ飬ѾǴ˰
ҲܿóҶǳӦһȻһűֽ˿ЩȵָһϢ˵϶쿴үӾȻ˹ţϹأ
ôҶˣҲһۣ˵ճˡ
үӹϹϢǳ֮ҲζѾ赲ˣͳսѾжΪĸ￪һͳսʼ׼
һϹ˳ĻôɵӰԼӰе𾪵ġ
⣬Ȼǽĵһ£Ƕ԰Ǳ߶ĵϯѡ٣ҲҪںġ
ҶҲţ֮󣬶԰ɹعҪһˡ
ʱǾǲعҲѾ޲ˣϹĻع飬Ǵ赲ġ
ͻȻ֣ٳ֮һЩϲĸоġҶЩضҶ˵
ȾơҶҲҶˣֻǶ˱֮ƣ˵֡
֪жʧܵϢ֮ʱ޷
ôӣڷȥµֲ
ļƻӦܹɵؽǮľҲ֤ˣ鲢ûʲôѶȣϾ⼸˻ûоѶʲôģҲʲô¶
ı仯ֱ¶򵥡
ؾӵˣôƫƫܸϻѰǸһأ
Ҫ˵¶ûΣɺϣôţ
СӣǳںڰϵͷѪĽͷϴѾ˰ĳɹˣȻᱻЩСж۾
ڵǲϵ¡ڣҲˡ˼ò¡ڽ绰˹ȥ


1015 ¡ʡͷ
¡ڽӵĵ绰֮󣬺ʱʧӰ١
ԭڽĳίϣոһҪְλ־ȴת˲ϢȻ᲻
һζʱ䣬ƺʡίɽǶѹҪСһЩΪ˱ֳʡί֮ĺгϵܵ㣬֮ܶ¡ʡĵλõ˽ϺõĹ̡
¡ڵ뷨Ҫ쵼ģרΪ˽ɽǵλöģȻ˵䷽治ȴڣϾɽǱ˽ʮꡣ
쵼ɲữ£¡ڵķչǰǼõġ
ȻˣǰõǰҲһǲʲô⡣
ô¡ںӶʡûʲôṦΰҵֻҪǲʲôӣҲܹƾȻߵλȥϾʱ
еʱķչ뷨ΪתƵģڣӶʡڣɽǶҪӣƫƫôһҲڡ
ƫƫһλҲǲҶ
Դ֪ҶҶүӵ֮¡ھ͸еЩˡ
Ȼ˵ҶүӵĹΪϽҲûдʲôŪȨǵ¡λϵ˶ȻƽʱûʲôһǾҪ춯صġ
˭ԼҶôһλү涼ʹ졣
ƫƫλүǸΪĴڣʮɲȷʵ˿£¡ڶҶ̬ȣϾǲŲʣ򽻵Ҫ˵ʲô˽ĽӴˣǸʡʡ
ֻôĻҲֲܹҶ֮ķ磬Ͼ֮ǰйһЩĳͻȻ˵˫ȽϿˣԼַ֪ʵϾִ˼·ϵĳͻǺص⡣
Щ̳ԣ֮Ĺڶʲô¶ִ˼ĲͬȴҪһߵµģΪϵǱĽ⡣
Ͼִ˼·ǴģôְλԽߣϰյĲӰͻԽô˭أĸɲ϶Ƿһõһܹôҷġ
ǽЩɲ̬ȣǷǳݵģνʯͷӣ˼˵һ̶ϷһЩ
Ҫ֪ĸ￪űǰδеĴ٣һжû׶ģҶ֪δ·ͨηҲִ֪еЩߣǷľܹͬԣ֮·ܹȨ̣Ľɽꡣ
ԣڱҪʱ򣬶ִе·ߡ롢ߣһЩҪĵҲǲɻȱĹ
¡ںҶ뷨϶ǲͬģ˵ִ˼·͹ЧڱȽ֮󣬲μĲͬһ֣֮ôһˣ϶Ҫ߲񶨵ġ
̳棬һ񶨵ǾζԺҲûгͷ֮ˡ
¡ڷ绪ïȻϣ֣ڹעɽйͬʱҲϣܹͨһȽķʽҶͳ
ǲҶҲҶںӶʡţϣҶͳȥʡȥˣʡõԼ·ӡ
ֻҪһ㣬Ҳ£ϾںӶʡҲ¡˵˾ģ滹һɽǡ
֪ɽǶҶ֧ȣ൱ģҪɽԶһۣҶͳȥ飬Ѷʵ̫ˡ
¡ڵ뷨ҲϣҶܹȻסⲻţ¡
һ׶ΣɽǵĹϵڽϺõķչڣ¡ڶҲһģҪͨòɽǵͬ⣬Ҷߡ
Ŀǰ飬ѾһüĿˡ
ôҲû뵽ڹ۶ϣǱ߶ȻǳǷǣ뷨ʱӰ治ɵøеǳơ
˼˵ǵȡɽµĲرɽоֵ˸׽סˣǻڱѺھڼ䣬ǹӳ˾ֱϻؾ֧Ӹ׽סˣ¡ڴһ֮󣬲ظһ顣
ϣôҲΣֻӲͷƤش
ϾѾˣǷϣҲ޲
ģθ¡һ£Ӱס»СС»˲Ŷԡ
ʲô飬ʱǹ˲ˡ
ѽ㣬˵ʲôã¡̾˿ڵ绰˵ڵ飬ԭǲմģǰϵʱǱ߶Ǵ󻷾Ӱ죬մҲνǵ˺Ӷ߶ǲͬôϷأ
ĸף¡Ȼ˽ģ֪ǰһЩ飬ΪЩܶںڰ֮ģ¡Ҳû⣬ڵͬˣӶɲϡ
˵Ϊһε飬Ӱ쵽¡ڵķô¡޷ܵġ
Ҳû뵽Ūӣԭ˵˶ɽвرҪƣȴû뵽ôȻоָץסˡЩεؽ͵Ҿţ¶ԭ󣬵ҶС֪ˣͻСӰ쵽ǵ岼֣ҾŻǮ¶ĵؽˣ˭֪Ȼ滹粻Ϊˡ
˵⻰ȴҲϹ˵
ıˣϾ¡ںӶʡչ̣¡λټͲŵĽǮҪںӶʲô̫ѵ顣
ܿ¡ڵӰȻҲϣ鱻ҶãΪ¡ڵ뷨ѡԼ顣
ֻû뵽ķչѾƫԤеķ򣬱ԽԽˡ
¡ԼĶǣʼ顣
ǰͲ˵ˣ鵱У˲Ҷĵ̶϶֣ЩǷĹ֮⣬ڵĴʽȻ˵е뵱Ȼˣǳ㻹Ϊȷ¡ڵӰ죬Ǻõġ
ҪҲֻܹã˼ҵѡ
ҲһôǾҶʱڶɽУ¡ھ;ãߴʱлתҲδ֪
쵶նɣϣҵӹá¡ЩεرʾҶȥ˾ǣҿľǷӣ¸
һȫ¡ʡˡ˵
ʵ˶еѾˣԹ˿϶ǲɵģֻǳҶڶɽУؽźãȵҶҺ˵ĻͷѾˡ
ѾˣֻҪǰĵ˱ų֮̾ʹǻظ۵ȥҶκεĿɳ֮
ΨˣܹȷԼ¡ڲӰ쵽
ֻҪ˲ڵˣҶı£ҲܴӸ۵˸ӢֿǲǲҶǬҶүӵӵġ


1016 
¡ڷ˵绰°ͿһӣǷܹľݳ֣ɽеҲû̫İա
ľȻֻɲ֮ǰѾйʡггľڸλɽίǣӦ㵽ʸɲȥˡ
뵽ľ֮ǰľǲίɵҲܿóӦһֱڷֵġ
¡ȻʡԱȻҲС
ֻǹٳϵ飬˲Ϣ䣬¡Ϊ˽ɽе»СԼӰ죬ҲֻӲͷƤȥľݣȡ֮¶ĻʱϵԽãԽ׳⡣
ҽӶɽίľݡ¡ϵĺɫ绰ԽԱ˵
Ȼ˵ںܶ£쵼ɲҲʹֻˣںܶʽϵУȻѡʹñ̶ܳȸߣɿԸõרߵ绰
Աܿͽͨľݰ칫ҵĵ绰¡ڵʮӵʱ䣬绰ͨˣ洫һ
ãľݡ
ľͬ־ã¡ڡ¡ڳ˵
¡ʡãʲôָʾľȻû뵽¡ͻȻ绰治ɵһ£Ϊʲô飿
ôһ¶¡־䣬Ǽµ齲һ£Ȼ˵ԭϽⲻʲô¶ֻпһЩᣬϣɽίԳ棬Ӱ죬ԷΪˡϾʱϵþˣͱȽϼˣҪ֪ڶڸʣΪ飬Ӱ쵽ʡʵĴ֣Ǿ鷳ˡ
Ѿ漰·⣬ķƺ˵ȥɣľȻԼ뷨ģ¡ڵ˵ܹͬңƺҲЩΣǱ߶飬ί򵥴ֱؽи棬˻
ľݵĻشʵҲģɵģȻ¡ڵ뷨Щɣǲûбʾȫ̷񶨣ֻǿԼô»Ǳ߶ķ
νǱ߶ķȻгҶˡ
¡ڲһˣΪ߼쵼ɲȻóľݵ֮
ľݲǲӦҪҪЮˣû㹻棬ƾʲô˼ľǸأ
˵ˣľȥɽְʱҲûжã´ƲһѹסҶģҪ⣬û㹻ĺôǲܵġ
뵽飬¡ԼҲеͷۡ
ľڵίѾǶˣڹְϸԸ¡Ҳûôı£ܹ˸ʡλãȥҲֻ淽вˣ˵
ϧǣľίǣʡίɽǶӰҪһЩ¡ڵ棬ûʲôȽϺʵĿľֱ档
ϴȥɽӲ죬ֶɽеĻò¡ڿһºڱʾȫѡҪʼˣӶʡҲֻҾöɽпȡһ£õĻӦÿԽȫʮѡ
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ȫеѡȷʵǱȽϸӵһ飬漰˵ط棬Ͼɽ겢ûΧһӳȫʮѵĻôڶɽеͶʻڶɽиɲ⣬һǳĴ̼
ľҲ¡ڼȻ˵ԽȫʮѣôȻͻȫ֤һ㣬¡ڶԣµһѡʮѣĳɼʲôͬ
飬Ҫ˽һ¾Ժ¡ʡ㱨ľһ֮󣬾Ͷ¡˵
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ľݷô࣬޷Ǿǵľôһ仰
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ǺǣҲֻˡҶڶˣʱЦ
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¡ڽҪ¸Ҳ¡
ȫʮУôľʵ
ףҶ֮󣬲ɵЩȣðᣬǱȽϼҵģ¡еˡ
Ҫô˵ӦǲӦľʵ
ӦΪʲôӦҶǳ϶ػشֺ¶Ҫ޹ʵʶˣɽʲôȱˣȱٶҾãһĻᡣ
ʵȷʵˣҶʽɽ֮󣬷չѾٷҪ㡣
ܹΪȫʮеĻȫĳͱˣ֮Ӱ죬ҲǻǮܹᲢ۵ġ
ңͨĲҶҳܹ̽¡ϲһЩۼЩ˸һϵģҶԣҲǺкôġ
һӣͰˡ
ȵ¡ڽӵľݵĵ绰ʱѾһСʱ֮ˣʱ¡ѾȵЩͷ
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Щϸ֦ĩڣǿŰˡ¡ЩͷػӦȻѾһôͲŵȥЩƺɣҪЩڶʮСʱڱͣҪӰ쵽ʵĴ֣˵飬Ҳܡ
õģͰ¡ʡָʾ졣ľݵͷͬ
ڶ֮ͨ¡һعĥ¶ʱܻЩ׵
ϾҶͬ⽫ӸֻڴʽһЩòѡ
Ƕ¡ڶԣֻҪǵ˱ŵ֮ȻҲͲܹˣôҲӰ쵽壬ҲͲӰ쵽¡ڣôʲôҲνˡ
ԣѾﵽԤĿꡣ
ֻǣ뵽ŵȫʮе飬¡ڻЩͷġ
飬ȻܹõҲбȽ׵ĹϵƽöɽиȥҲδЩʹ죬Ͼڶɽе쵼㣬ûʲôøУǶǸҶ۲Ϊ
¡ţ;Ҷϳӣ޷ҲҪһСβͣвгͿԽ¶ó˵Ȼܰ¡ΣǴССҲһǣ
ҶСӣȻ˼黫¡ҲûʲôƢ»һЩѣǾͲͨ˾ǵĵ绰ôмҪˡ


1017 ͻ
Ҷίго־ֳ˽Ѵ˵绰ɽµ¼
ǣס˽ڵ绰̴Ӧ
Դ¶֮󣬵˽Ѿ͸ϵо֣һֱˣо߶Ҳѹס棬Ͼ·֮¡ڵĶͨľϵһ·Ѿжλ쵼оִ绰ʾעˡ
ǵ˽ίίѹƣоֻ涥סЩ˵˵顣
ҶѾȷָʾ˽Ѿ֪ĻĽɣϷҲԳɹĻ治ɵһ
̾͸˰ţƴ¡
ûã۵ͲŵʦͲŸ˾͸ϵо֣ƺˡ
Ҷָʾ˽ȻҲûбӣһ֧ʻȥͲŸǧԪı֤𣬾Ǹװ˵ľõԪ⳥
ȻˣǮʵϻ䵽оֵĿڴ棬ҶԴ˲ûҪϽвָʾ
˽ѾţͻȻǧʽ֮оֵĺܶ豸Ըһˣ˵棬ӦܹɹһܸõĽڳܹӦɽֵθӵɽеԽҰ¶
ҲҪ̫ģʮҵĳӣܹǵˣһ㣬Ȼܹʮңⲻܲõ˽Ѹеˡ
˾֣ǲ̫ˣؾ֧ӵĶӳɿŰĵ˱ʦȥ֮󣬾ʵ˽ѵ
ãĿǰĵ˵Ļ϶ָʹߵģĻͲŲôظǰȡ⳥˾޶ĽǮ˽¡
ȻˣôоӴ׷ȵĻӦܹõ
ⲻֻǮ˽ЦЦĿǰʵĴַǳؼϵǶɽǺӶʡһ壬Ը۵Ͳıʲôãʹ߾˭ǶԣѾҪˡҪǣɽµĲرûбǴҲõһַչʽҲõһĺôȻˣֺα׷ȥ
Ҳ԰ˣĶͷ
İѰ׷ȥ߻˶ۣǲûγɷǳȷķʵЩоְųģİȻ©ٳû׼󣬻Щֵ˸ҧ
Ļǵòʧˣ
ͨһ㣬Ҳɵø˾֣ؾ֧ǲҲ³ˣ
һˣ˽Ѵһӣܿرʾ
лл˾֣ɴϲ̸˽Ѿ˸
ȻʵǸô죿
˽֪˵Ǹװǹľ˵ȷչ뵳Ȼưɡ
飬֪˲࣬ƫƫһΪܹףЩ˿϶Ҫһµġ
Ǻǣлл˾֡Ц˵
˽ѰźЩ飬Ϳɳ϶ɱ˵ҶгԾϵͳҪȽϸҶ֪ģǱΪķչݻģҪʱ͵ʾȭͷҪúøɣԺ󲻳ûεĻᣬЩ߰飬ȥǣʡԺ⡣
ǣлл˾ֹġɵͷӦ
ڹȻɲҲʮͷѣõ˵˽ѵʶټҶΣôԺķչǰ;ҲǼõģȻԸӽӴЩа飬Իǰ̡
ʵϣ󲿷ֵɲǣֻҪǰõģٻ㵽Щ̰鵱Уûк̨ˣҲûǨϣˣŻԱʼеȨȥı˽ڻγɵĸܹı󣬻Ǻܲһġ
ͣһ£ɻ̲סһ⣬˾֣˵ɽǱ߶ûвرأ
⣬ҪһˣɽûвرĻͲŵôŴγ֣Ǳ߶ڱأˣҲھͶҶȦ֮Уôһ
˭֪أ˽Ҳ⣬ʵҲԸȥ⣬Ҷг֪һЩĻ˵˿϶Ҳ
ڵǣܶɽµ澿ûвرͲŵ˶ٹˣΪѾ˸ܲڶΣҪĻ¡ڶβ֣Ҳûгֵˡ
岻ǴˣȻٷ
ɽвرҶҶʱҶ棬ڶŪҶСŮ
Ҷѩʱڻָ֮УҲûг죬ڴϣϲЦӣҶ΢Ūһ£СӤ͸Цͣϲӡ
СͽЦЦΣҶȻͻ
ðѩҶĽ鵹ǷǳͬҲԼŮȷʵϲЦ
ܿ죬СӤ㵸ģȻͣˡ
ӿ϶ˡѩ˵
ķܹСӤȻ򲼡
ЦЦֲҶķӦ˺üģʵ϶¶أɽ¾ûвر
ѩЩ˵㲻ŮȴʲôرѵýҲ𣿡
Ǻǣǵǣֻ飬ҶиҶεЦ
˵еİɡҶ⣬ҲǷǳĿ϶ɽеǶڿսڣɽ֮ǰɽµĺɢȥһЩƾ˳յĶΪѣЩؾڵع֮У˵ӦǱȽϿɿģֻǲЩʲôҲǷѾ˸ȡˡ
ʵȷʵˣҶҲû˵
Ҷ뷨ЩرӦûбȡģΪһֱȽϷ飬׼λҲǳؼĻ֪бأҲڲ
ҪڱĻΧҲһϢûеõϾĶɽ¿ʢǿսڣɢȥ֮ȻкܶԸһֱ١
ϣġҶпһĻͺˡ
ҶûػشģҲǹҵĲƱܸ˵ġ
ҵ˼˵綫ɽµĲرȷ£ôھǹ˾о㣬Ȼͨӵʵת˵᲻кܶأҶʵӵĻǹ˾֪ȣкܴˣ
ף뷨ǲҶˣɵ۾һҶ뷨ǿȡġ
Ϊ鵱УҶĻֹ˾棬ɽзҲ˶룬˫Ӯ鰡
οڵ֪ϢֻһֶΪɽؽȳˡ
ãֵϸоһ¡ҶԽĥԽ¶ĿɲԼǿɵóϸҶо
ֵĵ˰һԵѩˣҲɵЩզܾеˮµĸоôأ


1018 ڸ
Ϲ㶨֮Ҷ̻ضɽġ
ͽӵ֪ͨ˵бʮʡоù飬Ϊһܡ
ôһҶҲͲҪŻȥˡ
һ㣬뿪ӻ죬Ҳ˵ҪھǶʮңԣҲһζȽϳݼ١
̲ǺܽţǰйԺͬ־ݽ֮⣬˵ͬ־ҲҪĳʱǰӲ죬ôһҶҪŶ뷨޷ʵˡ
Ͼðűͬ־ץеΣܳȥε϶ʲô¶
Ҳãһ磬һܳԸԲˡҶϢ֮󣬵Ǻֹ۵رʾ
Ҳãǲ֪үǷܹʱҶˣҲʾ޳ɣֻǵҶүҶǬڲʱ
ϵһ£˵ҶڴµǷǳġ
Ҷ϶ֱϵҶүӣѵ绰ҶҶӽ˵Լ뷨ֽҶƽҶھǣȽѵá
ãʾһүӡҶӽȻͷˡ
ʱҶӽͰѵ绰˻ЦŶ˵үͬˣڳСʱҲؾְһžһˡ
Ҳ˰⵹֮ϲˡҶˣٸϲ⡣
Ÿһķ꣬ҪЩ߰顣ҶӽԶҶǿҶƽʱЩŵСʲô
ǱġҶ̱֤
ǸҶһҶȻᰲһЩĿҶүҪȻûǸҸһǲԼô
Ҷүӵгȷ֮˵ҲͺðˣҶƽίԱݣҲҪҶүӵгϵ顣
ϰ˵ңҶҶֵͳھǵƾƵſڡ
ƾƵһҷ¹ŽƵ꣬ɶʮĺԺṹĽ϶ɵģÿĺԺܹϴİԹϰ˿硣
ΪдǣҶеһԺϵľ硣
һ㣬һԺҲǺݳ޵飬ϾϹģгίҶүӣίԱүӡҶƽίıܳҶӽϽίɶ˾ҶӳϽί鲿нȵȣЩλÿ˴ʮǺ飬˵úСˣȻҲʡ쵼ɲǣԶȴҪ͵ˡ
֮ܶҶžۣһԺˡ
ƾƵλñʹڱȽϷĵضΣЩ˶гӻͣΪʱΣҲû·˵ע⣬ֻƾƵķԱǾ͸ееѰ
ϹЩˣȻǴűװǿ·ӣ֪ϰǰ͵ĴֻǶīһӿ
˵˷֮ǵݾͲʲôģķ񣬶˼ԼĹԱˣԾƵ귽ķԱĿ˾ʲôݡ
ƵϰˣҲǵصľӵܣʡĹԱھҲЩͷӴЩģ˵߶֮󣬳ں棬͸˹Ҫһҵڸִų
ոչͿͣſڵĿ˼ӳγ˿ƣɵóһԭҶҴٹˣѹֻԺӡ
ҶҶݣЩ˻ǱȽϤģҲȽһЩ˭˼ҶҶٻ⣬µļҵϣսأ
ڹȻȽ϶࣬Ǵ󲿷ֶͣڵģ߸ǣߴʲôģ׬ȡһӶȻܸ˼ҶԼȣ˵Ǯ淽棬Ǿ͸ܱˡ
ԼľƵ꣬ѾľųȽģһʵҲ׬ǧӣʵû취˼ҶᲢۡ
¶ӦȥƵġ˸ҶҲй֮ԵϼȻҶѡԼľƵѣô֪Ժ󣬿϶ӦùȥʾһµģһǸл˼չ⣬һҲһ¸顣
ھǵϻĴʵ̫ˣһĸչ˲ͺǳ鷳ȻЩףϵҲȽϻ磬ǶҶȻҪٰ㽻õġ
ϾҶҵڿ찡
Ӿƽ棬ҴǼƿƷϰ׷ڶŪ͹ȥ˶ԼĴþԸ
ǡþ̾Ͱˣʱ˸Ƴ̳ļƷϰ׷ڸȡ˳ʱȻûп⣬ѾܹᵽһЩζǴ˺ܾõļ
Ҷҵˣ˰Ⱥ֮⣬ϲϰ׷ڣҲͶˡ˶Դþ˵һ
һڣֵϰôϸþЩطʵ
ͲˣҶٵǴúܣ˵ܵҶ٣Ǿ͸Ǿдˡҡҡͷ˵ҶٻؾˣϻֵһˣĻôų
ҲһŶֻǴҶϣͲ³дͨѣϾﲢʺдЩǣԱҲûп֦չŮǳ֣϶ҶпдܵҶҶ١
ҶٱҶٸţƣþЩʵ
൱ţơᵽҶʱȴǸпѡ
Ҷھ棬ھǵȦ棬ͳһˣȻȥ˺ӶʡְĹ£ȷʵΪֵ
뵽ҶǰھĻԻս˲ɵ÷Ըһ䣬Ҷٻ˵һЩλҶ٣ǧǵεظҼסˣ
ǡþ˵ͷȴе棬ܹôŽǾԲһ˰
СƳСԺſڡ
Ա̾ͰǸסˣǾͿˡ
λƾƵϰˣҶʶ⼸ƿҵ˽أһơ˵
ʱһſڵ⼸λ;еԾˣΪ⼸λȥɱڵģԲһıʲôġ
뵽Ҷҵĵӣ;ýϵĲѰ
У˽˾ۻᡣԱһھͷҪ
ˣǼᶨԼĲ²⣬Ȼϵһ㰡ҲΪ˰ͽһҶ٣ֻҪǾˮ͵ˣҲֳܹԼˣҲûһҪҶٱˡ
Ǻǣҵʱ˭أԭԹˡǺǣллˡʱ򣬱ʹһǱˣҶҶġ
˻ͷһʱˣҶԱ߶һˣüĿмƣƾλ˵еҶҶҶ߻һ޵Ůӣȴúܣ֪Ǻηʥ


1019 
Ǻǣҵ˭أԭԹˡǺǣллˡʱ򣬱ʹһǱˣҶҶġ
˻ͷһʱˣҶԱ߶һˣüĿмƣƾλ˵еҶҶҶ߻һ޵Ůӣȴúܣ֪Ǻηʥ
ҶãλҶٰɣЦӭȥֺǺǵ˵Ҷٵݣ֪ˣŹȥһƸлһµģû뵽˽˾ۻᣬǺǡ
ȷʵ˽˾ۻᡣҶ˵ͷ˿Ҷ˵λҲǲѣ˺ھԵǼõġ
ǾһȥȱưɡҶһۣȻͷ
飬ҶģϾȻǴ磬ҶҵĵλȴǱȲҶԱҶС
𣿡ˣһ䡣
ڿȻҶĵλҪҶΪߣֳϣҶҪҶľβС
ǼѣûʲôġҶЦЦ˿ųӣǵı˴Ӱ˴ҵ¶ѡ
һҶҵļ磬ǿһ˴ղģҲ֪Ǽλﶼˣ
λСúܰ˿һҶ߶Ůӣ̵̽
ҶδϳҵĴС棬Ȼûʲô飬ǰ罻ȦҲһ棬ǵλòǰ
ţλǺѣϹС㡣Ҷûж˵ϢѾĺˡ
ԭϹС㣬һһᡣȻһ̾Ȼ𾴡
һˣδؾͻ֪λϹСʲô·ΪϢȽͨʿȻλǳүϹŮϹܿˡ
Ҳ˵˵һϹܹ˳ͨϲͨҪϹܿСͨҶҶٵ·ӣˣûô׾ʹĿꡣ
ϰˡϹܿ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ
˿һۣȻеʧ˵λϹСȻˣ˵֮ǰھҪ·ӵģһȺΧתûһռ˱ȥλϹСͣǺεȾˡ
ֻû뵽λϹС󻹵ñҶ
ҶҶͬ£߽СԺ
棬ʱѾ翪ĶҶҵˣ߶᷿棬ǹԱǾһߡӣԵ÷ǳ֡
Ҳע⵽߶᷿棬ȻЩԱǶعأûΪڳԷֵ̫ȻǵԼʲôˣԷֻΣҪǸЩǵİȫ
˸Ҷһֱˣһ۾Ϳһ߶ɳϢΧŵҶүӡ
žͿҶүΧЩǣίҶƽıܳҶӽλŲʶģϵľʺԣȴ֪ʲô
˵ΧļλŵģҲʶҶҵļ硣
Ͼһ㼮֮ҲҶүǰô̬
ףǴɶѩβ裬һԣһԵˣҶүӶ˲衣
һʱ֪λݣȻҶҵĶӣɶ˾ҶӳϽ˵λҲǸֻԶɶǾˣһ˲ʶѡ
ôһλʳȵˣҲͺˣλȻҶҵȴǸûκģ鱨ϵͳľ鲿нˡ
ֻôһȴ֪Ǻˡ
ӵˣҲûע⵽С
Ҷ˱ȽϹ˼˵ҶүӵǰȻ˵λƾƵϰ壬֪߶ԷȡԼصļƷϰ׷ڣǺѵõˡ
лˡҶү΢΢ף˵˵ͷ
ˣʱøɶƵģܹҶүһ仰ǰѾƽѸˣҲֵõģλɲˣĹ͹гίʸĴﰡ
ҶϿˣӦõӦõġҲ֪˵ʲôֻȽϼ
һԿˣùһ̳Ӿһ⣬ӻûд򿪣һŨľ㡣
þƣ˵۾ʱһ
Ҷƽɵøпһ˵ę́ȥΪλ̫ƫƧˣʽ򣬺˲ƿӸˤˣʱ磬ŶһơС͹ľƣ֪Բ
Ǻǣ¶Ҳ˵˵Ϊʽ˹ƿӡҶӽЦ˵
ؽӸҿʱɢӣԱ߶һļСһģעת˹׷ѯʲôô㣿
ҶˣȻ֪ΪʲôҪһ
ʵϣôĴۻᣬȫǺҪģǽ˽֮ǰҲҪܴ뿪Ҳһȫܵ⡣
˾̳鿴ȻҪⶫǷȫ
˵ͷ
Ȼ̳ܷ˺ܾõģûʲôй¶˹ҲֻǿҶݣԲ˾ƹ׽Ȼǲ¶ʲôģ̳ܷļãм˵ĻҲûôŨˡ
˵Ҳǿ϶ưȫû⣬Ժȡ
˲еŵȻ֪;ƣʵǺеΪֻʱѾڽӴҶүӵ˵Ҹ֮С
ң廹μӽ磬˸е˼ּ
ҶѾԵò֪ϱˣɵЦ
ôЦôԱ߶Ϲܿˣ̲סһ
Ǹܵ˰ҶЦ
Ϲܿһת̾ҶΪʲôô˵ˣΪͬǴͬǸ鱨ĴС㣬ϹܿȻ׸ղĶ棬̺ʲô˼
۸˼ܲءϹܿ͵˵
Ҳûа취顭ҶشƽʱĹأЩҪԱļ֮󣬲ܹʳõġôĻ϶ܵˡôҲǹȫˡ
ô˵еϹܿ˵
ұĿǣĻ˵ĻȻеˡҶЦ
ô˵ҶҵžۣҶ滹Ǻܸ˵ģĻƽʱȤϹܿŮ˵ôķϻأ
ѾʼˣʮļƷϰ׷ڣҶүǷǳϲģƽʱȾƵҲһ
ǿǶıӣͨСӡ
үӽܺðҶ֮Ͱֹ


1020 ˮ
˲û߶ܾãϾҶҵļ磬ǴֶݱȽеĴȥԱ߶᷿ԱһȾơ
ϹܿˣҶүҪҶȻܸ쵽᷿ȥ
ʵϣҶүӶϹܿ游ϹҲе棬⣬ϹܿȻһһ
ӣеѪҶүӿϹܿݣЩʵ
Ƿ˵ĻѪүүĻ£⵽˼ļԣҵϣӦҲа˷֮һĸ¬ѪͳϹܿش
ֲóôƯ˻ĺ˵ŵ㡭Ҷүӵ˵ͷ
λϹүӣҲһ뾭ѵĻϹôļ壬ѾãӰǷǳģϹֻһ㣬Ҳܲ˼ķԣȥȢһѪͳӣ£ִϹҵȨΪһ
뵽飬ҶүҲɵöϹĻع飬˼ȤҪһλ֮ǰڵһ鱨Ϲүӣʲô֮
飬Ҳûб̫ϣϾϹүҲѾǿ쵽ٵˣܹŻصڵأѾ൱ܿɹˡ
һ˼ƣͷֳ˺ü
Ҷ߾ŮǵһԳԶļҪǣǴյһΧҶү̸һЩ顣
Ʒչܿ죬ҲһЩֵþͷҪͳһ˼룬ƶý裬ȻδһζʱڵҶүӿҶһۣͶ˵
ʵҶҵ˵УҲҶƽҶǴˣھһЩԵĲŵУ˵Ҷøֱ⽻ְǶǱȽ飬һҲ벻ȽϺĵĹ
飬һ㶼ۣҶү˵飬ҪΧչģǾý跽档
ھֻͣʱ䣬Ǳ߶ҲǧͷҶƽͱʾʽĲ٣еķչһǧݣ£뱣ȶߣҲҪδķչһȽȷʶ
쵼ͷԱҪѡҶүˣ˵ͷȽͬҶƽ˵
ʵϣΪ߼쵼ɲҶƽѾ˸쵼˵ĸ߼ɲҪǵ⣬Ѿǵľý裬Ҫȫͳ￼ǣӦʲôķչ·ܹЭչͳһһ
÷չٶȹ죬׽һЩìܸԱ߶ҶͲԣҪչ֮⣬ҲҪ濼ṫƽıϣԼȺ⡣
Ҷø޻˵Ŀǰ£̸ⷽɣ˼·һ˸ԣȻٴ󲿷߹ͬԣĵ·Ǵڵǻ̸ѾӵһָԣˡԣЩ⣬ƺЩΪʱˡ
ڵĴ󻷾ڵĸԣȺԶûдﵽĿֲʲôҲûгּԣڵƶȻˣ˵
԰֮ǰļȶҪڹγһЩ͵ʵҵţ߹ҵĹʾкܳ·Ҫߣ̸Ҫͬԣˡ
˵ṫƽʲôĻҲЩΪȻΪҶеˣȺ⣬ֻɶִ֮ģҵƲ֮󣬲ųֵ⣬ڻѾסˣûвȽصӰ졣
ȻҶΪȼ֮Ȼôӣȷָٹʮ꣬ڵͻᷢȽϴı仯ƶĲ󣬶ӣеڵĻôʮƶཫüΪ⣬һʰ
𣿡Щɵʵ
ڡҶѵص˵ͷʮʱ䣬㹻һԣ׼γɣǸʱ򣬾Ҫı״Ҳô׵ˡ
Ȼ˵ҶĻһܹеͬȴûģϾҶ뷨һ¶ܳǰӦ飬ķĿҲǼġ
ʮΣȷʵûܹ˵
ȰڵĹðɣͲǧҶүӰ˰ֵʼռţֻҪõǰÿһ飬ͲҪδᷢ⡣
ô˵ҲûҶЦЦִҲ岻죬˵Ҳǰ˵һǺȾưɡ
ɽеĹڸôˣҶүҶ
ĿǰѾˣڰͰطչ֮СҶͽԼڶɽеʩĳǽ˽
˵ˮֲԼϳͶʣɽлĸ죬ٹ·ĿĻᣬжɽؽĿҵչȵȡ
Ҷ⼸ȻǼ򵥵ؽ˽⼸󹤳ĿָƣԸ˵úҲ˷չеĶɽеǰ
ɽеƲҵ಻ࣿҶƽʵ
ࡣҶشԭɽоͲԹҵҵƣ˵ҪһЩܵĳҲܴһķչʱͿռ䣬ֻҪǵصõϳһЩ飬ҵƵ׵õƽɶĴģ¸󡣡
Ǿͺãìܼˣ÷չĲӲôһЩĻԺʼǶҶү˵
Ҷڶɽеķչҵ滹ǱȽģҶַǿҲǿȦɵ㣬һЩ֮ϲ
˹ɽгҲδؾҶɫˡ
ҲһЩģӦҶֻɾͣѣҲܣͰѸ۵Ͳʹʡ¡֮飬˵ǰһ飬Ȼ˵ʱǲҴʲôˣ飬ҶĳЩ쵼ɲǺܲΪȻġ
١Ա߶ˣʱЦһȴû˵ʲô
Ǵ֮ˣȻ˵ʲôΪ鲿ĸˣнЩֶΣȻǿȥģҲЩ¡ڵΪˡ
Ҷүˣͱʾ¡ǽͬ־ģǰϵʱҲǱȽͻģ̸ֹҲЩãȴû뵽ȥ˺ӶʡȻˮ˸еЩˡ
ˮҶ⻰ʱúЩ˼
Ҷүӵ˵ЩʣҶĥһ£еں
ԭϵʱ򣬿Ǳ߶ȽϸһЩ¡ڵһЩߵýһЩҲвòĿԣǵ˺Ӷʡ֮ϮϵЩɣδؾЩǷˡ
֮ܶˮ⣬ӻ¡ԼϣܹܿصôںӶʡĳɾͣҲֹڴˡ


1021 ޷
֮ܶˮ⣬ӻ¡ԼϣܹܿصôںӶʡĳɾͣҲֹڴˡ
ҶĥҶү˵ġˮĸ֣Խоĸֺ˼
ɽ֮Ҳͨ찵ãԶɽ㹻˽⣬ſʼִ飬Ȼ˵ȫ˽˶ɽеķ棬Ǳ֮߸ϵ¡ڣȷʵҪó˺ܶࡣ
ү˵û㹤Ҫ¸ȥҶƽҲͷͬүӵĿҶ˵ԼҪٵⶼȻ޷׼ȷжϵġһ㣬ҶҪεؼס
ףУѾԼ뵽ɽеȺڵȥˡҶ˾Ц
ǺҶƽüͷ
ҪȺڵУȴҲûô׵ģҶƽȻ֪ĸ򵥣˵ҲףҪɾͲôɵˡ
˶˵ԼȺڻǵ˹ؼʱ̣ͻᷢԼʵʲôûУνȺڻֻһԸѡ
̸ʵ˰ҶƽԶҶ㱾ᣬǸ̰壬ԸҪгΪɽеȺڶʵ£µΨˣΪһϸ쵼ɲ
Ҷүɳţ΢΢ףҶƽ˵̻ͬģǰľƱһڣ⼫Ʒϰ׷ڵζƳ񣬾ŨȻ˼ʮƷ
ҶүӺžƣȻ֮һЩ뷨ǾͶҶ˵㸸˵öԣҪùҪ͵סįΪһΣ츣һҪʵһЩ顣
־еľƱ˵ƩƣûʮʮĻô֪Ȼܹ˴أ
סҶˣȻ֪үүǸףϣԼܹʵʵùԼиɻʱԳ裬ȫܹ޿״̬뵽߼쵼λȥ
ֻҶԼҲһЩ뷨ƣҲ֪ҷչеĶ̰ʲôطҪٶȣԼӰôүүǸǿİͰͲܹʤڴˡ
ϴǵ뷨ˣʱһ
ŤͷһͼүһװЦŴӴ˽
үӸղμһί֮֯ļᣬʱȤŨϵƾƵ磬û뵽ոսžҶүӺҶƽڽҶʱЩͬǾͲ˵
塣
үү
Ƿ׷״к˵ģүӿҶү֮⣬ֶͬҲҶҵĺ֮һ
Ҫ˵Ҷҵĸ֣˵ģҶүӣүӣҶƽԭҲܼ򵥣ΪλֳԱڹҾзȨ;ȨģˣҪܶࡣ
ҶӽҶӳȻίίͶˣҷȨҲҪ࣬ǲô˵˵УίҲʳĴˣҶڲίϾǲһ
϶ĵͦġҶүӶڶүӵĻҲû֣ϾֵôһԸڼ棬ûбҪڡ
үӸҶүӴк֮˵ǵĿȻûдҪ˭ϣСԣľ棬㻹ָܹͰطչȥԣϵˢ¼¼Ψһѡ񣬲ϵش漣Ǿʤ֮Ͱ෢չǸͲԸ
ҶˣʱүӲ֪ͷ
ү˵ûˣעֻܹվڷ˼棬ӭ꣬˷ˣѧ˼ڼ񣬼ΪһЩԭҪݱܷâǸʱҲϵ̫á
ӭѶϣе谭ҶӦ顣
Ǹ¡ڣҲûбҪʲô˳ۣ͸ȥүӿҶһۣ˵һ
֡ҶүӶʱһۣ¡鲿ʡɲǸ߲㿼ص˵ܸģû¶ͻľίȥЪţҪ̻Сӡ
үˣǺһЦû˵ʲô
ղŵļ仰ѾĿ˵ˣԲûʲôҪٸҶүӶŸɣҶҶǬӣôҶǬȻһУҲòŶүôġ
үү˵ĻҲЩҶүӻһתֶҶ˵ҲһЩ⼸ְӦҲһЩʶԣֻҪΥԭ򣬴󵨵ȥһЩȺ飬ǿԵġͬʱҲҪΧĻҪѧᱣԼҪС˿ɳ֮ҵĿʵôϸϸصһ°ɡ
סҶ˵ͷҶүӶ˺ȻϣҶܹٳһλгίеĴġ
ԣҶƽиɵ÷ǳȻгίⲻôҶȻҲԵøΪҪ
Ҷܹ쵼˵Ļɾһζѻˡ
ҶүݶϣʲôҲͲˣǶڼǱȽϿصģҲϣԼҶܹΪһԹҽش׵ļ壬ԶҶƽҶǵҲ͸һЩ
Ե
ȨУҲٻԺյĴ壬ϾԽ滷ӵǱ۸ֵͣȥ̸ƺ´¶֮Уʵȴȱ㣬˽伲Ļ
ӵܣȻѳɴΪӸǲҪʲôҲķչƣҪ
мڴˣЩ˥ȥĴ壬Ҷүӵ棬϶пģҶţȻҪȥĥһҲǲϣҶ˵·ձµµΪûϽ֮ġ
˵ҶӰ϶еģǵ˵ط֮󣬼ӰʵСˣһУҶԼڹ¾ܶȡõս
ԣҶүӶҶȡõĳɼǱȽġ
ϹܿһżҲ仰ϴŵЦݣԭͱȽ޵գԵЩĪ
ֻ˼ȴܷ߶ҶôżǱ߶һۣܹµóҶ̸۵Ļʲô
һȨӺյĴءϹܿһ֮治ɵЩ
Ȼ˵֪ҶҵȨƺܴ󣬵Ϲ֮ܿǰûнӴڵμܹȻҲȨƺܴĸֵʵ壬ʱҶҵǳǳһЩ˽֮ŷֹ֣Ȩƺܴ󣬼ֱȨ
ѵõǣһ棬˵ȴҲ٣ڵ׼ϵһЩҪ֮⣬ǵķչȴǲȡһַε̬ȡ
Ψˣܹʺ˲ɣ
Ϲ㣬Ҷϵܺ𣿡Ȼи


1022 
Ϲ㣬Ҷϵܺ𣿡Ȼи
Ϲܿ˼ջŤͷһ˵ĲǱˣҶСҶصŮҶСη
ηϸˣĸҶҶǬŮոʮó˾˾ɷ׳פʹ⽻Ƿ»ʶģҲ־ͬϡ
ĻУηȻҲǳԽȻڵĴӵܵûдﵽݼʲôĵزСӿ϶òҲˮĺϲ
ôôأϹܿη֮ҲɵмϲȡһֱǸգη˵ȷʵеðʧˡ
ظηһЩŮ֣һ˵ʱ͸еࡣ
ò˵Ϲܿ˵Ůͨɱģ˶ǹǵŮ˶ԣҲкǿ׺Сﲻʱͱͷתġ
ֻǾеηϹܿеԺ˵Ǽҵļ磬˵ģϹȻܹμӣȷʵҸе棬ȥҲֻҶӴȽ϶ࡣ
ǺǣҿҶءϹܿˣʱЦ
Ȼô˵ģϹܿδҲмֵ⣬Ϊη˵Ҷδ޳涼ûвμӹľۻᣬ־Ϊ滹ûʽҶңҶķӰɣ
ǲô˵ǳʲôɣϹܹܿμļ磬һҲѹηС÷ǳˡ
ʵϣҲеЩ⣬ֻûʳڶѡ
үүСͷ룬Ȼ˵ǺǣǰˣүүͷҶƺҲ˵ġ
Ϲܿη⻰;ƺЩͷֻûϸȥ˼⣬򵥵˵֮ԳҶҵļϣΪҶүҪһϹŮʲôӡ
˵˼Ҫ֪ҶΪʲôһҪϹܿһѶѡ
˵ԭϹܿĲ²͸ˣҲû˼ȥ£ϾЩǺΨĵ飬ô֪˵ôأ
²ʵ֮䣬ܻкܴĲǴྶͥġ
֮ܶҶһ˵У࣬ҲǰС￴Ƚϵ
Ϲܿ棬Ҳװźܶ顣
Ȼ˵үӵѾȥˣϹҪع飬ȻҪɨһЩΧϰ˵һЩ̨һЩΪصĹҵļķԵȵȡ
˵Ϲܿǰ⣬ȻԵϾֻеϹү̤̤ʵʵػصڵأҸ߲˻֮ķ粨ǳƽϢ
ϾʱѾγ˼ȳʵ԰˾ٲˣҲû˼ֵɣΪǸʱѾ޲پȥĻֻһСǼķ
뵽Щ飬ϹܿüͷɵԵؾ
ϹʲôأηƺϹܿرȤ㳤̵غţһҲʲôС
룬ôƯСѧϰɼһܺðɣûпǹҪʲôģϹܿ˵
飬ӦҰͷʹ⡭η뵽⣬ԼҲеƣҵ켣Ҫ漰ͼȥˡ
Ȼηֹһ䣬ǵ뷨ҪȥѧԺɡ
ǵ뷨ϣˡϹܿˣʱЦ
һۣһ߶ηĸĸλŷǷŮȻһ⽻ٵʣҲѹηȻ󣬿Ͼһĵȣȴֺ׺ⶼŴ
ηȥ⽻϶ܹΪ͹⽻ʷϵһζѻ
˵ʲôأܸ˵ӣȻǵı˵
һηԼؿڣЩػͷһͼҶվЦأҶ·ûƵģ
ҶЦſ˿ηϹܿλŶر
ηŰɫĹȹΧ˿ȻǾģһȦǿȵڵƹɢ͵ĹͷҲˣԵüȺܾ£ͬʱҲúܳǰ֮ܶһŮഺ
ϹܿźɫļԼûôţҲûô¶ǻԵñȽȣ¶ʣҶһǺڰŮĸо
ܹѵɱ־ӢҶ˿Ϲܿ氵ֹ
ԼϹܿĳڣѹγЩ㹷飬ЩعƷҶǻеȻĸоʶɨһ飬˵ڻôΣƷɣ
ϹܿһۣȻµҶЩʲô
Ҷ磬ҹգ㶼ûд绰һءηҶֱ
𣿡ҶʾɵҼǵú¸µģֱ˰ɣ
ᣬôܼǵסηûɵҶɵЩƵ˵Ǽǲסģˡ
ҶһЦ
˵ηҲʮĻ£Ůһζʱ䣬ҶۣҲɵ̾ԼСѾԽԽͤͤˣֻǲ֪ǼҵСиܹȢ
ΪҶҵСȻŮȴҲСٳܹȢηô˵ǴþˣڹٳģҲһ죬ΪȨȦ㡣
ҶܹҪΪ˼ලϹܿġ
֪λϹСһϲŮģһԼҵСŮˣϲŮˣӿɾʹˣбҪֹܹڰŮϹܿСֶΣʡη֪Ůĵ
⣬ǱȽĵġ
ҶҲЩգΪηƺϲϹܿһҲּ֪˷Ůһ𣬻ϱżһΪһЩԭ򣬷Ů˴յһͺѰǸֿˡ
϶ɫɲǺܺÿŶʲô¶ˣҶҶϵЩʵ
Ҷһμ˻һãǷǳĵ飬ҶҲ㶨Ϲһع¶νǽԴϲҲҶʷϷǳŨصһʣʱҶȻ¶Ʋֵ飬ȷʵе벻ͨˡ
Ҳûʲô飬ϵһЩëƤС¶ѣȾơҶȻ˵һȡ쳣ĺڰŮˣеľƱҶ˵
ʱ˿̣ҶЦżһϹܿηȻһҵĸо


1023 Ҷڿ
ȻҶеΪηģϹܿзǷ֮룬Ⲣʲô¶ҶҲһŮܰһŮô
ҪǵͱȽϸˣ˵Լִ˼·ڶɽ巢չĿ趨ԼδԼ¸ҵ֮ķչϵȵȣҲжһЩ鱨ŵľҪ󣬵ǶϹܿδȷλ⣬Ҷʱûпǵôϸ¡
˵ĻϹܿĵλʵǱȽģпܻϹҵļλãһҶ˵ȷʵǱȽҪġ
˵ģϹŷ޵ӰԼںµİ֮ģͶҶкǿջ
ܹⲿΪãôǽԼҵҪ߳ȥǹ·ҪѰһЩⶼǺ֧ŵ㡣
ھܿϹܿη§§ģҲ͵ûˣŮӣһҲô˶Ҳ˵ģҪǻ˸еĸҳСõĶҶʹкȥˡ
ҶŮ˵ıˣô׾ܳԵģ
һٷʵ˴һСʱӣʣµʱ䣬ǼǾ۵һ𣬼̸һЩ̫УǶڼЩҪ飬˵ڹʵƣķչȵȡ
ѾúˣöεӰڱǱǿⷽĿȡҶƽʾ
Ҷүӵ˵ͷʾͬǲû˵
Ȼ˵ϴοڻֵʱҶҵõкͺƶͨѶĿȨҲԼȥƿ˾ǾĽչǺԡ
һкͱѾǱȽϴˣ־һרҵԣҪ˶ȨһһϦܹ֮ɵ飬ƶͨѶҪһЩϾⷽķչٶȻȽϿ죬̿ڱϾСܶࡣ
˵һαʮʡоù⣬ʲôҶЩȤѯʵ
һεľù飬ҪһңôʱĻ飬϶ۼëƤС¶ҶԼҲǱȽϹĵġ
Ȼ˵Ϊľùܹ𵽶ãζھ÷չӰҲǲСģھδȫת֮ʣھ÷չӰȷʵ൱ԡ
־Ҫͳһ˼룬ӿ챱ʮʡеľ÷չٶȣоǶĿǰһЩԺ̨һϵеߡҶƽҲ֪¶ģھ˵ҲǺҪ⡣
͵Ļ飬һ߶ܶ࣬Ҳûпǵܵ⣬Դ󲿷ݶǿԹģֻ飬ϾҪͳһҵ˼ѡ
Ŷ˼룬ſҶˣ͵˵ͷ
ĥ飬;ĿǰȻѶôɽзҲԿһЩȽϴĶˣֻҪǶڶɽ巢չ·ӣһ¡
ù飬˶ı仯ĿǰҪģϹһع顣ҶүӺȻȻѾ˱仯ǼȻҶҲ˵飬ǾҪ֤⡣
ҶƽҶͷʾͬүӵ
̷Σ˵ҶڿءаһԱ̷ʤܻ㱨
ŶڳǾƵԷ̷ʤΣϢʱ򣬲ɵýͣ
Ȼڱž׽Ķ˰ҲʵǸʲô
˵ƾƵ꣬Ҷھ˶μˡԱ̷ʤܽ͵ҶҲȥˣҶϯҶǡҶıܳҶ˾ҶҵŮŮжɽгҶ˵ϹҵϹܿҲڳ
ôĳ氡̷ʤ֮󣬲ɵЩȣҲûϵҶҵųôֻԵΣҲö֪ڸЩʲô֪𣿡
ĵӣҲҼгίίԱԱӦ
аиⲿţмȨޣڼظɲ飬ǵӦֵģо֣һţ̷ʤΪΣȻӦЭġ
ֻȨţ̷ʤҲֻеõһ׳Ȩ֮ŸҶоֵ˵Ļ̷ʤҪ֪Ҷ̸ЩʲôǺ׵һ飿
ˣ֪Ҳá̷ʤܵ˵ͷȻ˿ӣԷ
ȵԱոһ̷֮ʤܾ˵ȥڡ
ǡԱ˵ͷ̳ȥ׼
Сʱ̷֮ʤܾͳڴڣһ׳Ժ档
̷Σ׳ȥĹԱܿͽ̷ʤܸӭ˽ȥ
ͬ־Ժ棬ڿļ̷ʤ߽ȥ˰֣ʾԼȻЩʵôˣôͻȻܹˣ
ͬ־̷ʤ֮䣬ĹϵҲǺĬѣȻЩ࣬ǲ಻󣬶࣬˵ͬһӪе
ܶ飬ͬ־Ҫ̷ʤȥٰ죬ȥЭԶҲ˿ɼģһ򲢲ˡ
еϵҪ㱨һ¡̷ʤܾͰѽڵĹ򵥽䣬Ȼ˵˵Ҷڿء
Ŷͬ־ˣ΢һ£Ȼ͵ͷ˵ŶǼľ۲ͻɣ
̷ʤܵͷ⣬ûбҪ˵̫࣬Ͼͬ־ڵҶҾӴһ
˵ʵڽͬ־ոλ֮ҶҶĻλҲôˡ
ʱǨҪǿ쵼ȨˣôҶĴڣȷʵͺýͬ־еˣϾּеȨһУⲢʲô¶ҲϽҵķչ
Ȼ˵ͬ־Ҳϣı״ĿǰҪҶҵĻδģʱûʵ
ңҶҲûзʲôԵĴ󣬶ҸԱԼĹλϣƽȣһҪһǷʣҪ˵ܻ˶ķˡ
ʤͬ־˲׽ӰĻ⣬˵Ϊáͬ־һ£Ͷ̷ʤ˵аĹʾ˹ԱӦ˵Ҫ޹صĻ⣬⣬ӦϸҪ
ǣһעĽع硣̷ʤˣͷͬ
Ҳ׽ͬ־ĴҪҶҵĻȷʵûǸҲûǸɣڲǶֵʱ
̷ʤԼҲȵ֮Ҷҵһȥ֮ҶƽֳɳˣʱûܹǼңҪ˵ҶһҶԺյĵӰˡ
Ҳѹֽͬ־Ը¶ҪֵЩ˵ˣԸҶȻòٵĺôѹƲɣôĺǷǳصġ
ֽ׶Σͬ־ȥҶұͷġ


1024 ⼸
̷ʤʵҲͬ־˼ֻⲢҶҵ顣
ʵϴҵ涼Ҷôһڣ۵˶ˣֻǴûͰǼҵԴ߶ѡ
ǰʱҲ˵ҶֻھӰȽǿһЩԴҶү֮˱仯Ҷҳ˺Ȼ
Ҳʲô¶ϾڵʱĻУĴ岢٣Ҷֻһѡ
ֻǽ˱仯Ҷƽɹ֣ҶҵСҶҲһʡ͵ĵƣ˹̳˹עһúܶ˵漫ˡ
ٲҶҼƵĻҶľ˿ԺˣԽѹģǺܶԸ⿴ľ档
̷ʤܲڽͬ־ǰһ죬˵˵ҶҵĻԼҲзִ磬ֵ֪鲻Ҳͽѣ˵ͬ־ʲô뷨Ǿˡ
ȻղŽͬ־Ҫٻ磬ƺǶСϢɵαʾ̷ʤףֻǽⷢӶѣǵҥ𣬶ǽǿаƿȶѡ
ģаĹһ渺ץġһ㣬̷ʤ򽭳ͬ־̬
šͬ־̷ʤԼ뷨ص˵ͷȻųҶڻоְֳָ
ǵġ̷ʤӦһȴеף²͸ͬ־ô˵ʵ뷨ҪõҶϵְ񣬻ֻǵһ䣿
ϹҪع½ˣڻӭ֮࣬ҲӦñȫͬ־̷ʤ˵оַӦɳɲǰŷǱ߶ӦȷϹ
ָʾǳȷҲǳʱ̷ʤˣǰʱһ̾ͽҶͬ־оֵٽֳͬʱҲһϹعҪҾܹԶǰŷǱ߶ӭϹعĻӦһľ
Ǻǣϻоһ¡ͬ־˵ͷ΢Ц˵
ȫ̷ͬʤ̱̬
Ϲ費ǰҪͬʱںҲо޴Ӱרſоһ½Ӵ⣬Ҳǹ֡
˵ͬ־Ҷǰŷӭӵ飬ҲǷǳģϾҶһֲٰ죬ǵ˹ȥӭӣʲôĪ顣
̷ʤΪаΣǵ⣬Ǳô򵥡
֪ҶϹĻع飬Ƕǳֻӭ̬ȵģЩȻͬȴϣҶôؽݶǵùҲǴڵġ
ϹĻع飬Ҳô򵥵顣
һ̨Ǳ߶Ҳ֣϶һЩ߶ȻϣЩѸģǾ˭ȥִ֣ȴһֵõ⡣
񽭳ͬ־ͻȻҶȥЩͻأǴ˵ùȥġ
ȣҶоֵٽֳλȨأ߹٣ͬʱ߱Ҷҵݹ⻷Ǵְ˵ǴӰ˵㹻ӭϹعεġ
ΣҶǸϹܿһϹһع֮µҪ֣ȻҪˣôƶһ飬Ҳ¡
̷ʤε΢ôһ룬;ýͬ־ǳ
úˣҶȻй͵ģҲⲻ˽ͬ־ʶˣɲε˵ˣĿҶҰ
ԽԽ뷨ǳֵóƵ̷ʤܲɵ̾һ
Ϊ˹ͬ־˰ֵ齻˭ʣǽҶһЩϣܹԵڹԼˮƽ
ͬ־ɲȣȷʵġ̷ʤЦ
ȵⳡɢˣʱͶʮһҡ
ʣģͶˡ
Ҷ˿ϴҶȸһɳǣԱ߶ԱëͰ׿ˮʲôģһкͷθ顣
ҶҪźͷθ飬ˮȥȻſɳ棬ɷԱ󱳵ģѾơ
Ҫ˵ͷθ飬ĹЧͲѾƣǱȽϷģǰȫɿҶ΢һЩͶҶ˵
ǲҺȾƺٻҶشʵĻشǱصģȾƴû
ǴõĶԳɾЩƲֵ˵Ⱦʲô˼û
ԳɸҶͬģҲǶʮ꣬ѧϰɼֻ˵ǲѣżĹϵǻ˴ѧ棬ڸոմҲǴΪ˰Լ£ǳǷ
ҶýҶҲˣǶҶӳŮӻûпѧھţ˱ԳɵĻ˵һҵӰɣô
ȻҶ־˵˵½һҹܻᣬС㶼оѧģţɫ˫أȥʶһ£
˶ЩȻ˵ҶôȤˣŮİ
Ȼûʲô⣬˵СʲôģȷǸţҶֻ˵˰䣬ʣµ˼˵Ҳ
Ůӹ件¶ҪǴ˳ȥҲûʲôֻǶƻġ
̫ˣֻ˳ѣҵıҵĻûءҶַ˸۶
Ǿһȥ¡Գ̾ͬ
ֲʲô¶Ҷأ¶šϴҶһ˵
ҳǵıɡˣҶЦ
ȻǴҵ£ҶȻҲᷴԣȥѣֲ飬ǽмСȾƣҲ㲻ʲô¶
ǰСʱ֮һоͳ¿һҽʱ⡱ҹܻ档
ҶֱӶһǧ˵İѣˮʲô㣬СֱӾ͸һǧ顣
ǶԷķӦǳѸ٣װҲãҶ֮˵ҪȵۺͶˣֻǵۺҶڳţӰȫɿҪǿˣĿ̸飬Ȼϲڵۺ
߶ѡСҲص㣬ֱӾڵĻѡȥɦŪˣҲջ󣬿ַ
˵С㶼оѧԳɾʽľ
ţеĶǣȷʵһ֡ػشó⼸λͨˣһ־үСǣͷС
ʱҶȻ۾ûпĻ֪Ҷҵӵǳˡ
ǾҼоЩŪˡԳɺ󷢵ػ˵
û⡣һԷȱǮ̾ȥȥˡ
һӣλͷСͽˣվȾһȻ׼ṩ
Щӵ飬Ȱ⼸ˣԳɺȻӲ֪ʲôطӳһϰ


1025 л
Щӵ飬Ȱ⼸ˣԳɺȻӲ֪ʲôطӳһϰ
˶һ㶣ԳΪʲôͻȻô
ֻǴҿȥͷ֣ӹȥһϰ⣬мʮҳӣԭӦдԳӳøӡӡģȻĳλʦԳɵϰָ
ʲôһ߶ҶҲɵֱӣЩѯʵ
ϰ⼯ԳɷǳػشѧڵĸԹҿˣʦЩ͸˵ǶǲĿҪҲҪй¶ȥ˭ȽϺء
ҶˣʱЦ˵Լλͬıܻ˼Ȼô뷨Ȼѧϰɼôȴǿ֮İ
һµĻЩôģԴ
㵹а취ҶˣҲɵЦָǼС˵㡭㡭Ͻ⣬úˣÿһǧСѡ
С˵죬Ŀ˶ˣʲôӵĶУʲôĶУǱģĴûⶼʲô˰
Ǽ⼸С㶼ûжԳЩ˵ѲɣЩоѧ˵ôҪӵĻҵ̾ȥͶթ˿ͣ
Ҷ˴ЦָֹԳ˵Ѳɣ㻹ָָ̾öһһʮʲôģʮС㣬եҲեˣ
Ҷû˵ʲôֻӰһ£ӳʮӰԪ棬ӨӨ̾ͰѼСĿסˡ
бµģȥҶȻ˵
Ա߶һֱû˵ϹܿˣʹҶĶСֹ⼸ֵܣһװƸְ
Ǻǣ𾩳ĶǣҼҵĺǹضˡҶΪȻػش
ʵҲˣȻ˵ҶҵЩţôѾǷ棬ȴҲ¶ŵˣڴǴ棬Ǻعصģ¶Ҳзִ磬ЩˣѾȫ㲻Լ˭ˡ
԰ɣϣûˡȻһС߳ˣȥЩϸױñȽŨĿЩסˡ
ȻеЩ⣬Ҷǵ˵ͷֻҪʮĻġ
ʵҶЩ⣬Ȼ˵߶ͷ˵ԼС㶼оѧʵΣղŴǹľҲֻ̹һСֲоĹƶ˵ġ
ˣҲţʲôɫ˫о߶̨ϾͷоѧģֲʲôطȥأΪʲôǵõֵط
һͷģʣµҲеԾԾԵӣԥһҲԳɵһӴӡֽзȻʿʼŽ⡣
ȻûĵվЩȻ
أԳʵ
λôҲû뵽ϻôһһӸǿ򶨵ػشԲ𣬿͹أСŮա
Ҷش𣬶ʱЦöӶЩˡ
ԭΪҲǺĵĳȾƣȴû뵽߶Сʻͦߵģ˻⣬ľ߼ǣҹܻ˵ı׼ȷʵЩһ
ԳɻҪ˵ʲôͱҶֹˣˣͦõģȾưɣᳪȥ㼸׸
Ҷݲͬôһ˵˶˵ʲôˣǼСҲֻǵ⼸ǵ˵¶Ļҹܻ᷽˻ͷȴҲų¶֮ǼҲԹ
ϾϢ˳ȥĻʾЧӦģǿ֮󣬽⣬ͨӢϰ⣬Ļҹܻĳɼҽĵˡ
ⷽҹܻ϶ǲֵġ
ԣǿ϶顣
ͶӰпʼMTVĻ棬ѡ裬Ƭʲôġ
ʱ򣬵һĿС㣬ڽһֽϵĸĿˡ
ҿýҶּˣһ˹ȥȻ
Ȼ˵ҶѾˣΪҪ׼УְѸϰһ飬ЩĿҲܹࡣ
ףûһĿҶᡭҶֿ˼£е˵ѵоɣ
λСЦһ£ҪоҲҪ׬ǮˣǴѧ
ĻͲ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷ־Щ֣֪˶ӣ϶ʲʲôǾվߵ˰棬ֹز֪Щʲô⡣
ʲôϹܿҶ
˵Ҷԥһ£͵ֵطСҲǷֵֺܶģЩṩǷķģЩֻǵƣʲôҲų⣬ǲֵܹ飬ԣҲųѧְܹ׬㻨Ǯ
飬ڸУĵĳʵǺܶģҶҲú⣬ϾڵľǺģЩȻ㷴ȻȥЩԸ־ΪתƵġ
ҶѾˣЧܲóרҵˮ׼ˣҹܻⷽͶ뵹Ǻܴ˸еЩ档
ֹһӣʣǵλСֽ˼ĿӦҲѧ
Գɿ˿ӦûʲôģҲûʳԣóһǮӸǡ
λСõһ֮󣬵Ƿǳ˷ܵػյԳɵ߶ǡ
ҹܻȻߵǵãһҲܳǧԪ˷һ飬൱Ƶ롣
ʱýҶָλС˻һԲشӳƱλСְ档
⼸λͦԸġϹܿˣͶҶ˵
ŮˣͬȻ׷ģʵҶԤϵˡ
ܹС㣬ȻҲһζͬѰľ仹ǴѧҶֶŮȤ֮õģʲô飬ⲻ֡
Ǽѣĸ¸ڣزҽ߱ƭʲôġҶϹܿ˵֮ܶҸļͥҸҵļͥиĲңôһ¶ˡ
Ҷٵ˼ǲɣúأϹܿˣЩʵ
ʣϲǷǷǶѡҶش
λЩ飬űƿˣδ󺺣һͷģĸߴɫȽϺڣһھʵ˵λҳӵģûһ·ѣ
ڳҶˣʱЩȻ̧ͷû뵽ھ߶ϣȻ˸ҴҶٵùͷ


1026 һ
λЩ飬űƿˣδ󺺣һͷģĸߴɫȽϺڣһھʵ˵λҳӵģûһ·ѣ
ڳҶˣʱЩȻ̧ͷû뵽ھ߶ϣȻ˸ҴҶٵùͷ
˭Ҳû뵽һڵģȻҶԳɡ
δˣ޲Ȼû뵽˾Ȼǵĵͷϣ֣Ȼ
ҪӰ⣡Գ˵һ䣬ʱͰ˸׷ˡ
ͷҲȻû뵽ȻҪ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͱԱ߶˳һ£˵Ҷ١
һĿǱ߶ȥʱ򣬹ȻͿҶҶɵһ˵ҺһĻ¶鷳ˣϰҲǲ˼Ҷٰ
ԲǸˣˡϹȻ˳ȥ
ǼҺڰͨ԰ϹܿҶ˵
ǺǣҪھ濪ҹܻᣬûеϵ϶ǲеģĲ˵һĹԱûô飬ȻҲܹ׵ġҶЦЦ
ϹܿһĥƺҲôһ¶ϾڸⲻͬϵøһЩǺޱǾм飬㹻ҹܻᵹգҪ˵ʲôչ׳ˣǼֱǳ˵Ρ
ﳪСʱĸֺЩƣž˶顣
ڶһ磬ҶȥƷ걨׼μʮʡоù顣
ȥ֮󣬾˰ʳ⣬߶ЩɲŵĶС׼䣬Ȼ󣬵ǸʩУҲǱȽϷ㡣
ҶԿ֮ȥһ£ȻŲ˳
ʱԺѾμһʮʡоùĸɲˣǱʮʡеʳ˴ڣһٲȻǲӡ
Ҷһӣ˺üλʶĸɲ໥ʺһ˼䣬ڸк
Ҷг
Ҷûͷ֪ľںǾЦתȥ߹ľݣ˵ľǺá
֣е٣Ǵϵ强ˣǰҪװһϵһȷʵס
ľݵҲˣһθľɣȻûʲô飬ҲЦվľݵĺ棬Ҷ
Ҷľ˵֮ľݾ˵гҲˣסһ䰤š
ŶҲɲȻġҶ˵ͷûо֡
һξù飬μҪϸɲΪ
ȥʡ쵼棬ȻһԷɡҶ˵
ãȥҼҰɡľݵͷӦ
Ȼ˵߶аͣľݵļھǵģҲȥĸ˳ҶԸҲһõ顣
˵ûм䣬Ҷͽӵа̷ʤεĵ绰
̷κáҶ̷ʤͷ˾̬ȻǱȽ϶ģϾ֮䲢ûʲôìܣƽʱСֶֻĽѣﶼ
Ҷͬ־һ£ЩҪ̸̸̷ʤڵ绰˵
õģ³ĻСʱܸϵҶʾ
ţɣҵ̷ʤܻش
˵绰֮ҶͶľ˵а̷ң֪ʲôҪ˵ķе˵ˡ
Ҳһʱءľݱʾ
Ҷ˵䣬ȻͿ뿪˰Ʒֱڶȥ˺ǽߵĴԺ˴ֱ֮Ӱѳа档
ȵȥ̷ʤܰ칫Һ̾͸ͨˡ
˿̵Ⱥ̷ʤټ˻٣Ͼ̷ʤԼҲίԱλȨأʡҲ١
Ҷг쵼ȥܿͳˣҶ˽ȥ
˼ˣеɧ˵λʲôôͻȻˣ
λҶҵҶȫɲھ˵г˰ɣ˻ϵҶģһԽ͵
ԭһӣ˵ǰϾλСүɲһܱȵġ
Ȼܶ˶ûмҶˣǹ飬ڹٳͱɴ˵ˡ
Ҷ߽֮󣬾Ϳ̷ʤɳ棬ֱ˾о̸ֳ
̷κã־ֳáҶʺһ
ǺǣҶͬ־ˣ̷ʤЦһȻкҶ¡
Ҷеƶ̷֪ʤʲôȻԼ
Ҷͬ־иһҪ㡣˵
һ񣿡Ҷ֮󣬶ʱеЩȻ
о߶ҪΪгίṩȫģżҲΪίԱṩ񣬻ΪõִһЩʱİ
Ҷоûִйʲô˾Ĺû뵽һΣȻһһҶеЩˡ
ϾҶȻоٽְֳ񣬵ҪڵطϵģȻȷʵе˾㵡
һ񣬰ȫ˵ǺܸˣһԪ׷ûҲﲻ
ҶҲû뵽ԼҲӵһɲع
ֿᣬ̸˹Ϲ飬ӦԱȥӦԴһ£Ͱ񽻸оš̷ʤξ͵оֵĹа쵼ģԾҵǵϹһع֮£һֱҶͬ־ģһ²һεƼҶͬ־㣬Ǳ߶֮ΪС
ԣһ񣬾ͽҶֳˡһ˵
飬ʵԼôģ̷ֻʤοֻľ˵¶ģҲ޷ܣֻܷӡ
ǱԼһЩҶֳھǺϤе޷ʤںȽϸӣϹǱ߶ľҲȶֹۡ
ҲҶֳƥȥ滹Ҫֵ֧ģҪ˸ˣҪǮǮҪ豸豸̷ʤ̾ʹĻ֮ܶһε飬һҪˡ
ţ̷ʤ˵һοɲһ򵥵һ񣬱Ͼǣϵش˳񣬹ƲԱһȹһΣҶͬ־ҲӦĽ
Ҷ֮еˣ˵ԽأԽܹܾˡ
ҶҵӵܣѵĹôܹأ
Ȼϼңҽ񡣡Ҷ룬ݶ̷ʤ˵쵼ǷģһٳϹع֮£˳ӻһ񡣡
ã̷ʤ̾̾ȻǾǿоֳͬ־ûһ᲻ģ


1027 Ҫȥŷ
ã̷ʤ̾̾ȻǾǿоֳͬ־ûһ᲻ģ
̷ʤֿһۣ˵оַҪϴ֧Ҷͬ־Ҫʲô͸ʲôҪȷɡ
ǡЩƣǺشӦ
˵̷ʤܾ˵ȥɣһҪȥͬ־̸顣
Ҷ뿪аŶ
ɣһô졣Ҷ˵
˵ʵڻ飬ʵЩųġ
̷ʤܾܲ飬ֻǶ죬ڽͬ־ֹ䣬зӭϹθϣһǿҪԣȻҪʩѹġ
˵оָ¶ûʲôֱϵҶڵҪǵطԱҲʲôжԱôȷʵе۸ˡ
Ҷ̷ʤ֮ĹϵǺҲܹó֮ĲϵȻ̷ʤҲܸҶʲôɵĹ
һҶֽӦϹ飬˾ҪһЩ鷳
ϹʲôˣǰϽ鱨ĵߣӰǳǿ̨Ǳ߶ϲҲǳࡣ
һɹƱػǳ𶯣ָ̨е𾪣Ĺ֮·Ȼô˳ģ˵̨ľɱ
ĻҲǳӣҲܵĻй£ĻоַӦ־ġ
ֻǼȻѾˣһһҲûʲô취ֻǾöѡ
ˣǲȥˡҶȴǰ˰ֵĹؼҲûʲô尡
ҶȴǾܾ飬û̾͹ȥоԲߡ
Ҳԡ˵ͷҲ֪ʵϸԼûжĹϵôҶǱ߶ͨˣо߶жԱϸ֧־У˵ʲôҪǰҴк
áҶӦһȻ˸뿪
֮Ҷ̾͸Ϲܿ˵绰Լϡ
Ź˶ʮӣϹܿͿˡ
ʲô¶ôϹܿһ³ʵ
ȥڹһȦҶش
ϹܿˣʱеЩ棬Ȼ˵Ѿ˳үӣҶһˣǽڻûйľҪȨڵĵطϹܿ滹мڴ
ϹܿҶĳӣȻ˻ȥھһμ֮½˴ڡ
ʱҶûȥҶүӣȥ˶үڴڵİ칫
ǽȥ֮󣬶үӺҶƽţȻΪ˽飬ڵҶ̸ġ
ҶϯãҶǺáϹܿ˶үӺҶƽ̺ʺ򣬿ȥǴҹıһ
ϹСˣҶƽ˵ͷȻҶǲ̷ʤѾ̸ˣ
ţҸ־ֳȥ˵顣Ҷ˵ͷȻʵֿᣬôһ
ҶֵķӦһֱǷǳӵģϹع飬Ӱǳֱ˽Ӧ񣬵ȻҪڲĻ׳ʶϵƫġ
ҶҵίԱ̫࣬Ҫ֪ϤĻʲô¶
ĻûʲôֻǱ˿ҶҴͷҪ¶ѡү˵ûʲôɵֱӵĳЩ˵뷨
ˣǼȻ񽻵棬ôмְգܹ˳飿ҶƽĳЩ˵Ǻ⣬ĵʵ⡣
Ҷƽ˼ô飬Ҳûԭġ
ҶҴٳϹ֮£һݶ³˲ӣҲӰ쵽ѾȡõĳɼôҶҶѾռ˱ˡ
Ҷ˵ĻǿɾѴˡ
ҶƽҶмְɴ£
ֻҪϹүӵ岻⣬³ɰհɴ¡ҶĵǺ㣬ѹûа̨ѹ棬Ҳûнڣĵģ޷ǾϹ״Ƿ񾭵ⳤ;
ɻĻҲþŶʱء
ڼڣϹ巢״ôһϵеĶɾǰˣϾϹѾˣҶܵǷܹŵյ㡣
˶ĿۼϹܿϣΪӦֻˡ
үү壬ӦûԡϹܿԴҲЩԥֻڵѾˣھ
ΪϹҹ飬Ϲܿ⼸һֱڵػȻҲϹйϵǾΣȷʵ˵ú׼ȷ
飬ǵȥһ˶ŷˡҶǣ˾
ú˭Ϲĺôܴ󣬵ͬʱҲ˫нúȻǰ˵Ļ鷳Ҳܶ࣬ǺҶǺһ⣬ͲӦ֡
ǿǵЩӵأ̷ʤܲŻƶҶȥִʵҲǲܹ˳ش飬ҪⷽҶһɫ
ֻǣҶȻܱѸŵԼҲһЩƾ̵ġ
Թȥү֮󣬰ûлӦ˼֮С
ҶƽҲеԥϾڲͬ˭ҲǱ߶֮󣬻ᷢʲôһвгĻ߶ѲֽȥģҶҶҵδϣǲʧģһʲô飬ҪϹ費˳Ӱöࡣ
ⷽҶɷϹͣҲԸ⿴ԼĽӰ˳ʲô⡣
ȥŷ޵ĻҪ׼ҶƽҲԥ
ӵİΣǿúصģȻҲϣҶȥðգͶرɱ
ǼϣòˡҶ˿Ϲ裬Ȼ˵ˣҶҵɾ⵽˺صĴɱеһЦǾԲܷġңϹҵĻع飬ڹڶԣȷʵһشĺ¶ҼȻѾǰضȻͲܹ;ϡԣһ˶ŷ֮УǱȥġ
үӺҶƽ˿ҶͷϵıǳᶨȻѶˡ
ȻѾ˾Ҷƽһ֮󣬡ôҪʲô֧Ԯһܹܲް̡֮
ɣ鲿ںҲһЩġүҲ˵
ľ鲿ںҲкܶ鱨ԱЩԱĻҲһɷǳǿ


1028 
ɣ鲿ںҲһЩġүҲ˵
ľ鲿ںҲкܶ鱨ԱЩԱĻҲһɷǳǿ
үӵĽ黹ǱȽϺģϾ鲿ĳЩ̶ϣҪ׵öࡣ
˵ɣ飬ҲһͷҪôģ˽֪Ҷĥһ¾˵ҵ뷨ջɳ²֡
뷨Ҳ˵ǴҶƽͶү֮󣬶ûбʾԣϸϸط
ʵϣҶҲǱȽͷʹġ
˵ǱˣҲҪôգǶϹλǰ鱨һߣɱֽҶϤҲ֪Σ͵ͷǣܻһЩȽϹŹֵƢ
Ϲ費ϵĻ黹еء
ûܹõһЩ̨Ǳ߶鱨ϣ֪֪Ҷ˵Ҫ
飬үӵû˵ʲôͷԣֻҪ鱨һ鱨ݵȨޣֱ֮󡣡
Ҷл֪ȨǺܲ׵ģȻ˵үԼү־£治ܹ̽ʵģҲԼоٽֳţټһεֱģԲִܹ
ˣҲܵõʱȨޡ
ϹСʲô뷨Ҳһоһ¡ҶƽϹܿһۣͶ˵
ȻϹܿôԼҶģҶƽüȻϹΨһڴ½Ĵˣδѡôһ뷨Ӧõ顣
ϾϹ뿪½ˣҶǵ˽ⶼ٣ҪȥϹ˳ӻǵȸϹܿڲź
ҶǡϹܿ˵ͷҲ׼˵仰
ҶˡҶƽ˰ֵԼˣô
ҶƽҲǾˣȻóϹܿҶ߶ͺŮƵģǵҶŮԵǿ׺ҶƽֱΪϹܿ߾ȹ·ӣĻҶôܻǼҵ¶
мڴˣҶƽҲûаʲôӣֱӽҶǱҶ塣
ϹܿˣɵÿҶһۣϾзǷʣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˼˵ԡ
Ҷ棬ȻûзĹϵҲǼףܽӴֻûнּ֮ǰҶԸϹܿһѣϹܿûб仯ĻҶǻԼŮ˵ġ
Ҷ塭ϹܿôҶƽʱܻǾеӦȻ˵ǸɵйϹҵĴС㣬ȴǹȨƵҶҵĶ䣬쵼ˡ
ƣκһ˶ЩЩհǰ˺
ʵϹڵҲһүүѾܾûйڼϳˡϹܿԥһ£˵
һ㣬Ҷҵˣûо֡
ϾΪļϹϹҶԣһ壬䣬Ҫճġ
Ϲô꣬Ӱ˶ĻҲû˵ǴǰҴˣҪ˵ںɱгռλ
ңҸ׵ҲһϹܿ˵һ˾ȵʵ
ŶҶ֮󣬵һ¡
ǰϹܿûи˵
Ȼ˵Ҷ֪Ϲҵڲһڻع֮£˶вͬĿϹܿ˵׸̬ͬȣ⵹ҶеЩȡ
Ҷһ£ʱһЩ顣
ϹܿĸϹ׾ʮ꣬ܺã˵ϹҵʵϵҲʵϵļϹҵһ񣬿˵Ϲ費ĻϹ׾䡣
Ϲܿ˵Ϲ׾뷨޷Ǿά״ŷ޷չ뺣Ȧӣ죬Ϊĵͷߡ
ΪʵĿ꣬Ϲ׾ҲǹϹܿŷĳҵ뷨
Ϲܿ뷨Ͳͬˣ游Ϲ֧£˻عĴ졣
ȻҶϹܿʵ뷨Ǹݲ²жϹܿôĳ֮һƾΪ˷Ϲ׾ƣϣѱȼŷҵˡ
ϾΪһɱֽӰŮ϶ǲϣңΪĳϵĵߣʧȥɵϹܿ޷ܵġ
ԣϹܿҪ׳
ӸεĽǶ⣬ҶҲųһֿԣǾ⸸ŮƺϷΪֻվڲͬϣֲܹͬ·Ϊ̽Ѱһ·
ͬĻôһʧܣڵӰή͵СǲǶϹҵƿصġ
⸸ŮȻʡ͵ĵư
үүΣҶƲЩͷϹܿһ䡣
ʵĵ⣬Ϲ⣬ֻҪϹû⣬ôҶаհŪ½ʲôС
үүܺãô÷֪ˡʱϹܿϵı飬ȷʵһַǳŹֵı飬Ҷ֮󣬾;Ѿͷƺʲô飬ҶûԤϵġ
ҶҲ˲оЩϸˣֻҪϹ״ûʲô⣬ôǹҲãҲգҶаհƽ˻ش½׵һ
ңҪģǾϵŷȥϹүӼ棬ϸ̸ֻˡҶͶ˵
ţҾÿԡҶƽ֮󣬾Ϳ˿үӣȻ˵֮ܶһ԰ȫΪǰᣬҪ֤Ϲ˳ԼҲҪСģϾⲻͬڣЩϣǱ޳Īġ
СһιȥˡүҲ˵ǵľḻǷ߶£һȥɡ
ȻѾתҶ鱨ѼͬʱӪۺֳҵ񣬵Ǳҵȴûз¹
һҶȥŷޣ˵źܴıǰ;ôɵȥæҲǱȻ顣
ǲҪˣаšҶȴǾܾλĺ⣬ԶүӺҶƽ˵̫Ļע⣬͵һЩð
ţ˵Ҳеү˵ͷԱһҪˣĻͲҪȥˡ
ΪҶҵĵӰˣҶݵλǳҪҶҲȫ¶ģҪİȫʱһҪõġ
飬ҶȻԼ뷨Ҳܲչ˵ǵ飬ϾҶΪ룬޷Ƶġ
Ϲ迴Ҷҵˣ;һܹģѹǼڹڻӺղˡ


1029 һȲ
ҸôȥԷ᲻ԵеͻˣϹܿڳ棬ЩԥҶ
ı棬ҶŶ棬滹źƱڻζţȻǴ죬ǳȴ㣬һû
ҲϹܿھǵ֮һΪϹڴ½繤ҵͶʵܸˣϹܿڵð˲ʲоͰ˶ദԼֺ
Ѿ˸壬ʻҺͳ˿ͿռֿӰ졣
Ҷ濴ȥ͸ĤĳͿͬı񳵽ظں棬ȻϹܿڵصЩǡ
Щ˵ֶ൱ҾͨǹеֱоֳԱһ䷭棬ǴʵսǿҪѷһǴʵսָһΪǾȽΣյ
˵ʲôҶոеӺŷӦ
˵ҸôȥԷ᲻ԵеͻˣϹְܿԼظһ顣
ҶӴ뿪֮󣬾ֱľݼҶȥȥμǼҵ磬Ϲܿ߶ֲԸһ˴ţɴʹϹܿ
һ·֮ϹС⣬⵹Ҷеƶˡ
ҲûʲôˡҶһ¾˵ȻҲǶɽеͶ̣ô涫ɽдгȥɽίǼаݷãǺ飬˳ԸҲ¡
Ŷô˵ĻҾͷˡϹܿ˵ͷתһ⣬˵ڵأίǺгϾȻĶ֣ôҿľ֮䣬û˿ĵأ
Ϲܿ棬ȷʵôģڵصʱȻǶڹٳϵ飬һЩ˽ģԶڹڵμܹҲһʶ
Ҷľģһ־һʲôϡ¶˽ĹϵҲܺõģͼΪˣϹܿɻҶľ֮ĹϵǸϿģеһ
Ȼ˵ڶɽеʱҶľ֮䲢ûбֳرעĿܶȣǴϹܿԼʶ֮ĹϵԲôͨġ
⣬еˡҶ˿ںƣҡͷ˵ٳϵһЩ飬˺ѿ͸ǾˣҲδؾͺԼʲôԣ⣬Ҳܹʲô𰸣ֻ˵ǵмѵĹϵʵǲڵġ
˵ҲϹܿˣ˵ͷǽҶ˵
ʵϣʶУܶ˵ĹϵҲǷǳӵģĿģһ㶼ΪŦôĹϵڹٳϣҲƵ
ʮӵӣ͵ľݼԺ档
ϹܿһֽӣҶڹĺԺṹķӲǺϤ˿֮;ú档
ʵϣҶڱĹעȣҪĺԺ߶ˣǶæĺԺûж⣬ǶһЩǳãҲĹŽĺԺ˿ϳǮ󹺵ġ
߽֮󣬾ͿľѾӭ˳߶һλҶееԾ
ľǺãгҲڰҶ÷ľݼеʱȷʵеȵġ
Ȼ˵һΣɽеλҪɲ˾ǣý÷Ը񣬹ƺѸľݻ쵽һģȴû뵽ʵԤеһ
ҶгãҸľǾʶһлؾһ²ĸĸҲӦõġ÷ش
Ҷ˽÷һۣͿŮ˵۾͸¶һֺ˷ܵĹâȻֻһȴû۾Ҷе衣
ľ֮ĹϵȻûж֪÷̵ָһԿŵĻǺб¶ΣյģԼӦ߾裬һλ·ĳг
ϹܿҲǼһƣ֪Ҷ˼ɣǾֽӭľݣЦŽｻ
һСϣľ¡Ϲܿ˵
ʰɡľԥһ¡
˶֪ϹܿǴӺľ޸Ǳ߶һ־ʮԪͶʣڶɽҲƻҪԮʮѧôһλǮŮӣͻȻŰݷΪˣľѹǱȽϴġ
һԷ͵̫ˣǾ£Ǿܾأ
ϹС˼ƿƶѣǹݷã˳䷹ܵеʾźáľЩԥҶһԽ͵
ĻǶлϹСˣɡľҶĻ˵ͷ
˽ȥ֮󣬾ͷڳղˣľݵҲڳæŪǱ߶ֵӡ
һŮĸΧڲΧľԼָ˳ݹ衣
û뵽ľǶڲôϤҶľ˿ʳµӣ¶һζһָŲæµţЦųһ
ҲϤƽʱ̫æµûⶫʱ˲ЩˡľݵȻЦ
÷û˵ʲôԼǰС̵Ĳˮһеоʱе͸̩
֮󣬽÷۾ͿҶŲ֪ʲô⣬Ǿ˵ҶгٲȵĻˮɾˡ
ǺǡҶһЦˮȥȻ˵ʵͦϲġ
÷ˣɵ÷ƤȻҶشЩΪȻֹһ¶һɱҲûеġ
ʵϣΪ൱ŮԸɲ÷ľݵ࣬ҪСôһԸҲǱȽ԰ģҶ׶ɲǰ÷ǻúûӡ
ԼҲΪʲôŪɽȥʮɲһγ˶ɽλ־ȫ󲿷ֳжεĶԱ£ԵЩ졣
ٺΪľݾ˵棬ϢǷɢģ麮ԸӦȲֻǳıԣʵǲġ
ľǶҽҲ˽ŶԱ߶ϹܿǱȽϸȤŮ˿ʼ
÷Ҷʱ˽͵һԾ;Щˡ
Ҷгֽ׶εĹ棬Ƿʲôµİˣ÷ĵؽתƵ˹ϡ
ôţȵҴŷ޻֮˵ɡҶ˽÷һۣ赭дؽƵˡ
ڽİ⣬Ȼ̫׳ǲı֡
ҶгҪȥŷޣҶĻشڸϹܿҽľݣҲЩ⣬ɵʵ
ǰЩҪȥһ˶ŷˡҶԼĶͷ


1030 ˶
ҶгҪȥŷޣҶĻشڸϹܿҽľݣҲЩ⣬ɵʵ
ǰЩҪȥһ˶ŷˡҶԼĶͷ
֮ǰҶû¶ⷽĿڷ磬˳Ϲ֪֮ܿ⣬֮󣬶ЩԾ
ôû˵ⷽ飿ľҲЩʵ
ΪίǡгҶʲôرĶ򣬿϶Ҫίľݽ˵ǳĴ¶Ǿ͸ҪǰһҪʡίʡйͨʲôġ
Ҷδľ˽¹ͨŻЩ⡣
һЩͶ̵飬ҪȥŷһУѾźˣ֪ͨ·ʡ档ҶͶľݽ͵Ϊ漰һЩҵܣϢ뿪֮ŷ֪ˣʱҪ⴫
ԭˡľˣ˵ͷ
ʵϣҶһγȻ˵ǰϹҰ¶ӭϹҲһһγȥҲֻҪʡ֪ͨһ¾Ϳˡ
ҶΪ˱鷳ҲϣԼȥŷ޵ܹ͵һЩ뿪֮ٸʡз֪ͨҲҪϢСΧ֮ڵ֪
ĻϢԽ㣬鷳ҲͿԽһЩ
һԵĽ÷еͬӣüͷ˵ҶгôǸ֯ԭΥģôܹԽأ
Ҳûа취ʵӣİţʡӡҶ϶ûʲô˼÷ȥˮ˾ֱһ仰Ͷȥˡ
÷Ȼûл˵ͺ֪ܲͬǲίɵģ˵ˣʲôҪһĴгȥִأ
ΪͶ̵飬йزôأΪʲôҪҶǰأϾּĸɲҪĻҪͨȽϸģһͺֳȽе
Ҫ֪ǰʱƶϲôɵ£и߼ɲʲôģҶ˳ȥȻˣôǶɽ棬ǷܵӰأϾҶǶɽеĴг
гҶгⷽ棬ҪġľҶĵϸȻ֪Ҷҵʲôӣⲻѧ
Ȼľô˵ұ¡÷ʼ
뷴ֻһгһҶʲô⣬ҲҪľίǣҿûʲôϵ
ˣˡ
Ǳ߶ľݸĸЦǸһ˵İ˸ʢذһӡ
Ļذ˸ˣһһǷǳʢˮ׼Ҳͨķ֮ϣмҳŵζʳָ󶯵ĸо
ಮĸˡ
ôʢķˡ
˷׷վʾл
ˣˡľݵĸЦŰ˰ֵȳ԰ɣǵҳ˶ѣҲʲôʵĻ
ѾǸеԾˡ÷ƺǰľݼңڲİԾЦ˵
ϹܿȫϤҲķӣֱӽֽеһƿȡ˳ǵصķׯأ˵1903ĳƷǽƷһ£ʮǰĺƣζΣ
أ⵹ϡľݵĸˣЩ
ʱһЩѣʵһеɣ˾ʮĺƣǲܺأҶΪ˵ǰ׾ƵĻǿѵõˡ
ӦûʲôġϹܿԴ˵ǱȽģó˿ƿȥ֧˵1903ķׯغơ
Ҷ״;Ů϶ͺȹͬĺˣĻҲôġ
Ȼһ֮󣬡һľ˳ʱܹһɰһĶƿð˳
Ƹ׾ƲͬĺƲûа׾֣һƿ֮ͻԵӶǾȥƿ֮ǰƿ֮ûʲô
ϹܿؽƸ˵棬Ȼű˳һҡţ˵ֳƣҪѾƲźá
ǳ˯˽˶һҲҪʱѡ
ҾͰϹܿķʼҡеĸ߽űɫҺڻζţתţƺЩͬˣԼ֮Ҳа㸡
ˣڿƷˡϹܿ˿ͶԴ˵
ҶƱ𣬺һͷţȻζƽʱȵĺеͬȷʵһְ֮γɵϢһֲͬڰ׾Ƴ
ƺĲҶƷƷ֮˵
̧һ˶û˵ȻϸϸƷеζ
ֻλ˶ȻƷƣ̬ȴвͬ
Ϲ̬ܿ磬ƺûгƵջ֮УŮʮ㡣
˫žƱ΢˫ĿƺҪⴼ֮УȥѰһЩչ¡
ľǷƵȻؿűкƣʱؾһڡ
÷Ķеˣһ֮󣬾еؿźƱӣƺʲôһ㡣
ǲô˵ǰλ˶̬ǧиص㣬Ҷһ֮󣬾ȻһЩȻĶĸо
˵ŮһĻôǰ⼸λ൱Ĵˡ
ҶЩ飬ɵʧЦ
ҶгЦʲôأ÷ҶЦ˻䣬ƺЩõģüͷʵ
ֻһѧ¡ҶЦһµ˵ǰѾƾܱмȣɲȶ壬ǾõģͬʱʹᵽϳһЦݣҲ֮ΪЦ
Ǹʲôϵأ÷ʵ
Ҹղֻ룬˵ϰĺ֮ҲЦĻǲǸ˱óأҶҡű֮ƣЦ˵
÷ʱ֮Աǵôܵ飿
ôһʹӸղŶµĻ˹Ҳûôˡ
÷иڴˣʱЩղЩ鵱еĻû׼һӾͻʧʹҶͻȻ϶˴ҵľˡ
ɵֿҶһۣаǹأǹأ
ô˵ϯ󣬽÷Ҷĸйۣ΢һЩ
ҶгһȥŷޣѵΪϹС飿÷Ȼ뵽һ㣬ɵþʵ
ɽвûиŷǱ߶ʲôҵΨһĿԣҲλŷ޵ϹСˡ
һҶľҳԷϹܿͬ˵һЩ⣬֮䣬ʲôĬĻ˼ϹܿܵɽһԮʮѧ
ߣλ֮䣬ʲôΪ֪Эء
÷Ļʳ֮ľݵҲɵöҶǵҲ뷨Ͼľݣ࣬Ҷ˵ŮԵϹܿôƯŮڸǰ˵Ҷûе뷨ƺҲܰɣ


1031 Ҷ
÷Ļʳ֮ľݵҲɵöҶǵҲ뷨Ͼľݣ࣬Ҷ˵ŮԵϹܿôƯŮڸǰ˵Ҷûе뷨ƺҲܰɣ
г˼άͦġҶûмŷϣЦϸ˵ϹСΪǶɽе飬һæѡ
Ŷ÷У˺ɣ˵ɽʲôҪϹܿæģһǵҪȥŷްأ
ľݺԴҲЩãȻ֪Ҷںƽ÷ôһ¶
ɽҶ֪İɣҶ˶¶ͽеĹϵˡ
Ŷ֪ѽҶгո֮󣬾ȥ˶ɽл˵һֱ֧ǽм¡¶˽ҪһЩԾ˵˳һ˵Ǽƻ¹ǲ˵ļ˲ţн
ûΪ顣Ҷ˵ѻɫһģ֮رʾŷǵļȽأΪ˻ȡػһЩؼлû¹ֻ˼ϽȲѣֻԳˡ
֮󣬾ɵ˵ùȥȴǲҶȥԭ
ϾӹҲ¶ƺǴ¶ɣ
ǿûʶػԹҹҵҪԡҶ˱Ƶòˣ˵ⷽļչǵùҵùҵܵƣһγȥʵܵ߶ӵģҲֳôĶǵñܿʡеĹעǲϣ̫ע⵽ϾڹһЩ鱨Ѿ͸˹ڡ
ԭˡľҶĽ֮Ҳеˡ
ɽл飬Ҳ˵ֻǲǺʱҶôһҲǺһ飬ȻǣΪֻ¶Ҷܲȸġ
Ͼ֮ĹϵѾͬź֮Ĺϵˡ
ʵϣϹܿҲҶĻŪˣΪҶ˵֪ôһ¶֮⣬ʲôëϹܿһЩɣѵ˵ҶһȥŷޣΪ˽ӦϹ
飬ίɸôҲӣ̵мд˽أ
Ϲܿ˿Ҷ벻еĵԾͲȥˣҶ棬Ӧһͨ̿ǵģԼֻҪϾͿԡ
ػôҪѵǹھûļ˲ţһҪȥѧϰ÷Щطʵ
õĶֲʲô߾ļôڻ㲻أҶĻɵġ
гûнӴҵԲ֪ҲǿġҶ͵Щ˵ûУⷽﲻ˼ҵľȡ
Ů˶һ֪ӣҶ֪Ƕֶַ鲻˽⣬ԾͶ˵䣬ͺһѿ̶ȳߣ̶Խܣôʹʱ򣬾ܹ׼ȷض壬̶ͨȳߵĻϣǷչα꿨ߣǧֳߵȵȣѾչ˸ΪȽĶһȻòھ쵱УȴǲɻȱġػҲһģֻлĶˣܹΪȷͻеڵĺܶණﲻ豸һҪԭ򣬾ΪǵĻУȴﲻ
ŶӰŮ֮⡣
ôҶгһιȥҪҪϻļԱһȥľݵǽˡ
ǲˣҹȥҪΪ˸һЩؼʲôģɵĻ豸ҲһЩⷽ棬ϹСǲҪʲôˣϾ飬Խ࣬Խ©Ϣڰ¶ûʲô洦Ҷ̾;ܾľݵ顣
ЦһιȥҪΪϹүӻع飬˵ػ飬ó˵˵ѣôܴ˹ȥ
˵ˣ˹ȥֵõһЩʱ䣬ڵҶֻ޲̸Ϲȥ˴£ôٵȴȥΪһЩ鷳أ
ҪʱϰŲĻ˹ȥҲ޷ϹܿһԵرʾ
ΪŮˣϹܿǺҶļǵģȻô̵ʱڣܳһƭļλŮ쵼Ϊ棬ֹȷʵ˾ȡ
ϹܿȻ֪Ҷƽʱͦܳģֻǲ֪ôܳܳϡ
ΪһҶϹܿҲ˵䣬Բˣ˳չһϹⷽǿӰ
Ϲңŷô꣬һЩ֮䣬˱Ƚеĺϵںܶҵ棬ҲһĹɷݡϹܿ٩٩̸˵ڰƶһ£ͻкܴı仯
ľݺͽ÷֮󣬵ûлʲô
ڵĴ󻷾ΣΪ߼ɲǱȽġ
ʵϣ֮ǰ꣬ŷ֮йһζڣʱǰܵ˵żԴ½ͳ˸£ĶǾó棬Ǽ棬ܵ˸ա
ʱʾԸ⽫ĸļֱΪз캽ĸӡ
ֻǺܵ¼Ӱ죬ǰֿˣзĹʵλȻ½࣬õҲʣһƷⲿȻŷҲһȶзн˺Ʋá
ػΪǳӵĻҵеҪȻ
£ҶʾԼҪȥŷ飬һܵίУǺģϾ˽˿չ鱨Ҫȹٷĵȥıⷽļ򵥵öࡣ
ǾףҶгϹСȥһ·˳磬մĿˡľݾеľƱ˵
ɱ
ҶҲ֮һڣڸִľͬ£ҲɵÿϹܿһۣ˵λϹҵĴС㣬˵ƭҲǱȽģԼһιȥҪԴ֮⣬ҲҪһʡøԼʲô鷳¶
ľݼһСʱ÷ȸȥҲʾԼҪȥ֣˳Լ·Ҳһˡ
˵ľݵĸĸλ뿪˾ȥ
飬ղ˵ô򵥰ɣľݼûˣҶѯʵ
ľȻҶǸղŵΣн÷ڳģɲҶܹ˵ʲôʵ
ǺǣȻһġҶˣʱЦ飬ҾɣܹһʲôģȻõġ
֪ںƱˡľ΢΢ͷ
ϹܿžƱʺͷһºľҺֹľݺҶ֮䣬ȷʵвһĹϵ


1032 ٷ
Ҷ͸ɻϴ濴ȥʱ򣬾ͿϸźɫֲӺ׺䣬ֳɫ
Ӿֱɰķɻϣ˴ԼʮһСʱңƵķ׶еľ仯ӻԭɳĮٵ󺣣ٵɽڴֻ䡣
ֻŷ޵ڶתӢϣ˹޻λڰ趫ʮ幫ﴦ
ҶϹܿһ˷ɻģǵǷֱɻǰȥǰͷţԱΪҶĵӭ׼
ʵҲϲ裬̫ˡϹܿҶ˵
һãˣлһЩҳ¶֮Ҳʰо֡Ҷش
ԼĶ䣬ѹ仯ɵĲʸС
˵ʮСʱķУ˶ԣʵʲô仹ǳͷȲյĿˣӦ̶ҪһЩʵĻܹܵػ;ƣ
˴֮ͨ󣬾Ϳվӭǵˡ
ȲҶ£ҲϹܿ£ǽӵ֪ͨפʹݵĹԱ
ʮ꣬ȥУפʹݵĲޣһǾ鲿פŷ޵ĺԱ֮һ
鲿ŷ߶һλԱ߶鱨ǻᶨڻعְ߶һ㱨
ȻڴϣҲ˾ּĴʹݹԱݣҲǵĹܴı
Ȼ˵Ҷụָ𣬵ʵˣʹʵǸԷҵһĿһЩ⽻ϵĹ֮⣬ְܣѼԷҵľ鱨ĳЩҪʱҲųȡһЩȽжЩ
һеƬȷ˶߹һһŮԼҪӦ֮͸һӭ˹ȥ
ҶǰɣҶ˵פʹݵĺӭλ
ˡҶͷҲû˵̫Ļ
˾߳ȥȻʹݷĳӣһ·פʹݿ˹ȥ
ҶǷҪȼһ´ʹʵ
ˣ˳Ļ֮ǰ˵Ҷһֵ
һιҪĿľΪӭϹһŶҪΪ·Ȼ˵פʹļҲܸˣ滹ҪһЩҲûʱȥЩڷ⡣
Ҷ֮ԻͬҪΪǾ鲿ˣԼϵڵĻϺϹܿԼȥ򳵣ǰĿĵء
ȻҶԸʹ棬ס˴ʹ棬Ҫ߶ԶҪȫһЩ
ʲôĶʰ֮ҶϹܿҪҪϵ游Ϲ
ûбҪˣҪ͵һЩֱӹȥ˵Ϲܿش
Ϲܿԣλ游ϲִͨѶߣֻʲôģҲųе豸֮һڵ绰иϹ磬֪Ѿˣֱɱȥķһֲ
Ǽ飬Ҳ湻ӵġҶ֮󣬾епҡͷ
һԣ㲻ʲô¶ϹܿǺ̹ȻػشҶҲܹϰķʢôͬϹٵ⡣
Ҷˣ˵ͷ
ûоԼҶҾͱȱ˸٣ʵͬϹܿԣһӴԺٵʼαӣһȫ˵ʶ
κһǻᾭʢҡ˥ܡȼ̵ģҲͬĵ
ϹûԶߺܻĻôû˴ǧϹҡ
ͬҶϹҪع飬ҲǿϹںķչٶȻܿ죬ȴҲһЩΣԲòѡ
ˣϹĲǣȫûôȥģϾˣһ²һ°
Ǿסͬһ䷿𣿡ϹܿһŴ󴲣ŤͷҶ
ȻԷݳֵģȻҪסһ䷿˵ˣʹ߶ķ䣬ҲǺܿɡҶͷش
ҾڰϻǱȽСĵġϹܿ۵
ҶһιûʹʵݣϹܿҲһڼ֮󣬳֤˻ֱɰĹʺҸߡ
Ӧ˵İϣҶǶԽġ
ô˵أٸĸŰɣЩ鷳ûҪܿһЩġҶ˵Ҷҵ˺ϹСͬʱڰ裬ô˿϶ŷʱкܶ鷳ġ
Ӧ˵Щˣⷽ滹кܶƵģܹŪһϷļϹܿЩп˵Ȼܹͬ쵽һ㣬ȴҪѱȽϴĴۡ
ǺǣΪ˹ѡҶЦЦû顣
˵ʱ򣬾š
Ҷȥź󣬾ͿһʹݵĹԱվ⣬֮˵ҶҶˣʹһƻᣬṩͣʱǿȡãȻˣϣԵʽķˣҲȥСǱ߶ò͡
ллҶͷʾ˸лȻš
оƻᰡϹܿʵ
ǰоƻǺܼʱҶüͷΪ׼һ
ͶˡϹܿЦЦʹľƻᣬȻٰ죬ƵʾǺܸߵģʵϴ̸飬Ҳһľƻɵġ
˵ҲеҶ˵ͷȴڿţԼӦóأȥСͣ
һ֮ҶǾȥԾƻͣϾоƻʱ򣬴󲿷˶ȥԶͣⲻϲֵϰߡ
ΪƻʳʹṩģҪԼǮ
ڷһ½г̰֮ɫͲ
Сʱ֮ҶϹֱۣܿͳڴʹݵľƻУϤˣͻ֣ᷢʱҶϹܿݣѾƽʱһˣȻͬܳڣէһͻǲԼʶҶϹܿ
Ǽҵе񹤵ĸоҶϹܿ˵
Ӿ濴ȥʱҶͷԼͣѾʮ꿪ˣϹܿСһЩֻ˵ķͱˣһλǳͻݵӣظɷߡ
װģǳԶأȥЩҪأϹܿʱȴҲһЩ仯еˣ
ҶֵϹܿһʱ֮仹еӦ
Ȼôһƴ˶Ϲ̨ܿŮˡ
ǺǡҶȻҲһ̨ǻǶǴӵӾѧģҪĸϹܿĻƻᱻʶƵġ
ҪݵˣԳĬһЩֻҪô˵Ҳνˡ


1033 һ
ʹ߶ٰľƻᣬҲû̫࣬Ҳǰʮҡ
ҶۿȥͼձƫһЩʮˣ˾ͷǳټżܻῴ游ˣƺ¶һ˿Ըĸо
˺ٰҶԱ߶Ϲܿ˵
ĶǲȥǱ߶ĳ̨ϣȡֻӣݸϹܿһֻȻͿʼԼʳ
ȻͣôʳƷ෽滹׼ñȽϷʢģһЩͲƷҲڵʽȣڵĺ⡣
ҶڳԵķ沢Ǻޣվ⣬ڴ󲿷ֵʳﶼصģġֻũҩ޶ķڻټ˺⣬͸ûⷽĵˡ
˵ĻӣľƻǵȤϹܿشҶ²ʳ浹Щ졣
˵ǴӵλϿǴӾϿҶʲôȱӵܣȴû뵽ֵεľƻᣬҲôȤҶʳһޣʵϹܿеЩˡ
֮ƻЩ游ʶǣϵķˣемһ˵ıˣһƱӣżˣ˼һ¶ѣѹûᵽ췽׼Щʢȡ
ҶϹܿĽͣҲܹ⡣
߶ˣҹӷḻȥĵطкܶˡ
ֻͬҪעһ⣬Ǿҹİȫ⣬Ȼȥоһڰҹ֮еΪȴʱʱڷġ
˶ûиȤѡʳ֮󣬾һ䣬ȻسԶ
ףϹܿŶȻһ
Ҷˣ̧ͷ˳ϹܿĿ⿴˹ȥͼǱ߶иȥʮҵ꣬ø߸ߴģڸλЦ̸ʲô
ʶҶһ
ĶϹ룬ôϹ֮ܿУȻǴһ˿ǵġ
ôϹ룬㲻ôԸҶڳ⣬ģԾЩѯʵ
ô¶£λֻһҶҪһϹܿʱ鵹ѾƽˣֻϹһڵ¹Ǳ߶֪ô˰裬Ҹʹݵ˻쵽һ𣿡
߶ϹҵʲôĲҵ𣿡Ҷʵ
ֻǼ͵ľׯмݳƷءϹܿҡҡͷүүһסڷ˸ģ߶ĲҵƽʱҲֻй˾ڴΪţȴ֪Ϲôܵ
˵ϹܿɵЩɻ˵ѵǸүүܵ˹ڵĹй𣿡
ϹܿµȷʵмֵԴӳүӹϹ֮󣬸˾ͷ׷жֵ֧ģзԵģϹڲȻҲвͬϹ豾˾ûйʾʲô̬
Ȼ˵ҶΪϹܿȥ½ʵϾǷϹּ⣬ΪϹҵĻعǰվǱϾϹ貢ûκιϱʾԼȷʵ뷨
ΪϹ̬ȣϹҵӵǣŻָ뷨
үү˼ɲôòµġҶĥһ£ͶϹܿ˵ʵͣʲôǿ͸ģߣһε飬Ҳֻһֶѡ
ʲô֣ϹܿˣʱЩȤ
ҶӺʹԶҶķҲǷǳӵġ
κһ壬ںƽʱڶʲô̫ͻֻ֣еΣͷŻӿֳһЩ˲Ҷ͵ɻɣүүֻ˳һε飬ڼһЩìܣȻ۲һǷʲô֮ģҲΪķչһװɡ
˵ȻЩðżѵΣ飬ҸоǺܺϹܿҡͷʾͬҶĿ
ҶЦЦҲûһҪ˵ϹܿͬԼĲ²⡣
˽⵽ϹμϹܿĸϹ׾Ϲ׾϶ǱȲϹүӵģڲҲкܶ˶Ϲ׾ǺܷһЩҪսȨ˴ڡ
£飬ԴϹĽǶܹìܼһЩ⣬δһ¶
ʱүӻܹסӵġ
һݺȥôٷѵĻɾıһɢɳˡ
治֪Ȼ裬ΪʲôϹܿԶϹ룬Ŀ֮г˾裬Ҳֻ֪żȻʲôͼ
ܼ򵥣㵱Ҷڻش
Ϲܿˣʱһ㶡
ҵ˼˵ͻȻǰ᲻һҶ˵Ȼû׷ĿģйĻԼ¶ġ
Ϲ벻ô׺ŪˣǼ棬ҲΪ֮ˡϹܿ˾ҡͷܹһܹܿӦץסʲô©ġ
һôܹ֪أҶЦ˵
Ϲ֮ܿ󣬵һЩ⶯ˣϾҶ˵ĻҲôһԵĻҲûʲô
뵽һ⣬Լһλ裬ٵģǱϹ֪ˣôϢᱣȥӭϹ飬᲻ʲôӰأ
Ҫ֪ϹǿǼᶨŷսԵ֧ߣǲԸģֻŷ޼ǻƵصĺӡ
Ϲܿ˵Լĵ顣
ǺǣνˣҪԵģϹˣһЩҶЦŻش
Ҷ٣ʵΪ˸ߣҪģҪ̨Ǳ߶ˣŷǱ߶ˣйڵһЩˣϹˣûʲôҪģϾԼȥϹ裬Ǳⲻ˸Щ˽Ӵģһʱһʱʲô⡣
Ȼô˵ˣңǲһԵġϹܿ˵
ʱϹ룬ͬʹݵһλ̸óλƺΪϤ϶ǵһνӴˣԱ߶λͲӦ̽ĻᣬΪǽĶġ
Ϲܿһںƣòͽֽǲһ£ȻҶֱۣϹķ˹ȥһֱߵ
ţϹָܿϹԺһ䡣
ϹͻȻܴ˴ʱЩ㵣ٽһת¶˼ֹ
óϹҵЩӵǣ϶һЩģϾǼѧԨԴ
ţϹͿ˸Ӿ˵һĻԭΪڹڵϹܿʱ§һˣվ
ǡǡô¶ϹղŻӵͣʱȴЩͰȻıϹܿһ
ôҲû뵽ʱ˿̣ϹܿȻܹ


1034 ò
ǡǡô¶ϹղŻӵͣʱȴЩͰȻıϹܿһ
ôҲû뵽ʱ˿̣ϹܿȻܹ
Ϲ뾪ʧı飬ϹܿͷʱأϹͬҶ²ȷʵһЩɸ˵ܡ
ܼ򵥣Ȼ˵ϹϹҵĵϵˣͬӵм̳Ȩ仹ϹܿҪ꣬Ϲĵֲ֮ôԣһڣԼϹͻȻϹܿҲӦôķӦ
ڿϹı飬ͻȻ˹һ
ֻ˵һ㣬ǾϹȷʵйĻˡ
Ϲ룬㵽ڸʲôϹܿ״ɵ񼣬ʵ
ˣɵЩɻؿ򣬲֪׷ʲô顣
һ֮ϹڽȶϹܿԵҶһۣƺǾЩȣ֪ʲôʱϹܿͻȻϲˣ⵹Ǹԡ
ϹܿһһէظʲôϹûлشϹܿ⣬λܽܣ
λѣġϹܿȻҲйף㻹ûлشҵ⣬͵͵ܵڸʲô
Ϲһһ˦ЦҪʲô飬øٲɣڻϹҵļ
˵֮Ϲ˦߿ˣߵʱֿҶһۣ
Ϲ߿֮ϹܿͶҶ˵СһйĻǻô׾
Ը𣿡Ҷʵ
ǵȻˣСأļ̳˵УһϹܿشüͷϹǲһЩϹǼһҪϹѸˡ
ҿҲһŶѵڼ棬㲻ЩˣҶʵ
ҶϹܿ۴ӳﻮжѵõ˲ţûɸ㲻ЩģϹӵǣеЩɫȮ֮ͽȷʵмֱµˡ
ձϹҵӵڶ࣬м͵ҲΪ档ϹܿشֻǽϹķӦȷʵе˻ˣѵ˵СһĿĲڴʲôⲻɣ
ڰûõ֣Ҷʵ
еУֻؼˣ»һЩҪ鷳ϹܿЩرʾ
Ϲܹ֮չڣǶڶĿƣһֱǱȽϸģԾܼӵȻһЩͬļ⣬һЩ֮ĳͻԲǶú
ǳ棬ҲǸԷչԼ׳ԼᶯüԴȥĻȲӦľϹүӡ
ţǵöҵһ鿴ˡҶ룬Ϳʼ绰֪ͨڵˣʼֶϹмأڸʲô
ʱڣȷϹҵȶɣǷǳҪһ飬ҶԸϹڲʲôޱ䡣
ĻϹعԸ㶨ӰҲﲻԤĿġ
ȻҶѾˣȻϣñȽһĻôҶҵӾЩÿˣɲԸ˿ЦĻᡣ
һι֣ϹܿЩѯʵ
ǱģҵƥҲİҶش
˹飬Ϲ֪ܿ飬ΪǹٷһЩţȴû뵽ҶͰźˡ
Ϲǰ뿪һЩ˵ע⣬ֻǲϹҵˣȻҲ̬ܽϣͰϹܿϳϾϹܿڰֵĴǳޣͨҲԸֲͬģԲûʲô˶ӡ
ֻǴȻãŮƺһЩ˵ĸо߸Ϲʲôϸ𣬷ĻϹҲ˹һôҴȥ
˴ŰСʱңҶϹܿʹӾƻֳ뿪ĵ绰Ҳոմ˻
٣ˣСȥһҾׯǳ̽һ£ƺбȽǿľʩԾûиȥڵ绰˵װӦû֡
һ¾صϹܿҶ߶֮󣬾СҶ˵
ҶܿͰѾصˣҷ˹
ⲻҼҵľׯϹ֮ܿҡͷӦϹʱ֮ɣֻǲ֪СʲôʱҲʼߵϷˡ
ǺǣϹҵǱǺܴģҹв֮ˣЩϵӵǡҶЦ˵
Ϲܿ˵ͷûзҶĹ۵㡣
ʵϣҲĻϾӵܣûλõ֣ҪΪԼδһ·ģüӰıȡһЩԼ˽˲ҵҲǷǳҪ顣
ҵȥһϹ뾿ڸʲôãϹܿȻҶ˵
һ²һ£ϾҲûʲôôҶǲԸ¶
ڵֻҪǽϹ˳ӻعȥôϹܿļλܹȷˣؼʱ̣ȫûбҪȥϹȥ
ֻҪǹӣʲôϹҲã˵Ϲܿ൱ֵϹҲգʲôˣֻһеʧߡ
ֹһӣĵ绰ִ˹
٣һЩݡȽϽضҶ˵ƺھׯһˣϹҵĴ⣬Ҳ˾ׯľͨˣеֵĸоͬж
ŶҶ⻰ʱ͸еЩԥˡ
ϹܿҶԣһֱʱ̲סʵûᵽϹҵʲô֣
ӵ绰Ϲܿûоú֣Ͼ֪ϹܿһֱҶԣҶӰԣ˿ϹܿΪŮˡ
ûֻϹ˵ʱƺᵽλ塣ڵ绰лشϹܿ⡣
壿ôأϹܿˣʱһ
ϹܿɫˣҶʱʶеԤڡ
ʲôˣҶϹܿ
ϹܿüͷβŻӦϹе壬ֻһˣǾҰְ֡
ҶˣϵıʱñȽϾ
ϹܿĸϹ׾Ϲ˸ĻôǻıȥǸׯһ˶ˡ
ȻҶԸ¶ˣϹܿĸ¶ĻֱӾͻӰ쵽ϹҵȶҲӰ쵽Ϲļƻ
ңǴϹܿⷽҶҲвòֵɡ


1035 ӺͲ
ȻҶԸ¶ˣϹܿĸ¶ĻֱӾͻӰ쵽ϹҵȶҲӰ쵽Ϲļƻ
ңǴϹܿⷽҶҲвòֵɡ
УҵøϹ֪ܿϹ׾ܱϹ֮е̤ʵˡ
Ȼ˵ڵõϢû֤ʵ游Ϲʲô״ΪμϹ׾ǳʲôӣȻӰ쵽Ϲҵȶ
ҾϹܿĸоƺϹڲڷһ䡣
ٰꡣҶֹ̾Ϲܿĳ嶯Ϊһ£ͳȵطֻõ˼еֻƬܹʹȷ㸸ѾϹ˸ˣϾΪھôױ˹ɣֻи֮󣬲ܿǷ֡
Ҷ뷨ȻǳҲһ
Ͼǰ裬ȽϴĶȴûץסϹİѱʲôģôɾͲ˵ˡ
һ辯ǰľ棬뵽鵱Ὣ¸ΪˣǸʱ˭Ҳûа취ɽ
ҵȲˣҪǱׯȥ鿴һϹܿڷͣ˼֮סˣվҶʾ
ҶȰ䣬ϹܿѶҲͲ˷ʱˡ
ַ˵ϹܿϹҵڲҲǳһĺ֣һװǳ뻯йĪ֮ӽʮ֮ڵһΣա
⣬Ҷ˽ģҲһЩģǿǵϹ˿϶ҲƲҿӵдǹеҶͶϹܿİȫЩǡ
ӦϹܿڻ˺ɫĽֽ֮Լͷںɫëñ棬粻ƵĻ˾˺ҹ֮һѿó
ܴ⡣ҶһѾʰͣϹܿͶ˵ׯڲǶϤ
˵ĶֶࡣϹܿǾϵǰûٽӴһ顣
㡭һСİɡҶϹִܿˣҲͲ˵ʲôˣֻǷԸԼ˾ϣҪ淭˴
һжģжʮˣǾӢеľӢҲ⼸лĶ
Ҷ֮ûооַ֣Ҫǳڱ
оַˣͬҶϹܿ˵һŷޣΪעİӣҲΪ˷Ҷж
ϹܿıҲмһȴûдҪܹ֣ܹжģҲϹܿԼҶΪṩˣľǣȻбҶȫҪҪִС
ϾҶҪϸ񱣻Ķ
Сʱ֮ҶϹܿ˳˳ׯΧںڰй۲ΧĻ
·ׯû˵֡Ҷ͸ҹ۲Ľһ߶Ϲܿ˵
ȻҪ˶Ŀ飬Ȼʺѡ̫֪ľׯϹܿŵֳȳҹ豸Ǿĸ߼Ҳ֪ôģȻȥܺãܹóĻ䣬ȱҲǺԵģ̫ˣŲ󷽱㡣
ׯĻȽأڼСɽ֮䣬ΧСӻƣˮӳ֮еļﶼǵͲ㽨׹۲⵽ǵĶ
һ͸Ϲװ˸ټװãǸͲܸط飬ڣӼ豸ҲֻܿóϹׯڻżҲܹõͱ˵ĶԻ
꣬˹ˡϹܿȻҶС˵
ҶչȥһϹܿеȳ豸ͷĻмСڿٵƶţƺ߶ˡ
ʲôܵô죿ҶЩƶĶɵЩȻ
Ҷľ϶ǲܵôģǴƺֲǶȮʲôģҶеЩˡ
ӡϹܿⷽľҪΪḻһЩ΢һۣ̾жϡ
ŷ޵ЩǣȮʲôģѾܹǵҪԼ˽˵̶ϻӣѾ˱Ƚʱֶ
ֻʱҶû뵽Ϲׯ棬Ȼ˲ͷӡ
ⶫɱҪȶȮǿˣٶȷ棬ǶȮ޷󼰵ġ
˵֮䣬ͷӾͳ˹ںڰ֮Уʮֻ۾ӨӨĵһԵøĿȻǸųӣҲܹܵһв
ǹҶ룬վûаһ
ӵݶȾͲ˵ˣѵıӸǶζвԵǹԸǣƺǲ׶ģǳǵǾ͸鷳ˡ
Ҫһ㣬Ҷһǹ֮󣬻ݾߡ
ܿǹȻϹܿҡͷ
֮ǰһ׼ʱʹκ淭һ˺˰װӴ˳ȥ
ʲôҶʵ
ҩӣʻúܡϹܿش
ǼֻȻҩֻܹ򵥵ǱϾǻǿ֮̾Χȥ
ӸԹɲһҪѵ÷ô׵ģǵǿѪʳ֮̾˷׷׳ǰȥӸϵһ߶ȥ˺ҧ
ʮ֮еıӶɵڲݵϡ
ʱϹܿʹӳһȡһذһһֻֻӶѪ
ҲǱɣҶˣ˵
ڲǣȻԼ鷳ˡϹܿش
ϹܿͿҶ˵ͲҪȥˣĻһ÷չ㡣
Ҷ죬վû˵ʲô
ϹܿҹǿһΧĻȻļǣһׯǼ˹ȥһ·϶ӳԵǽ˱ֵļʡ
ڽӽʮĵطʱǾͷµ
洫Ȯĺʮֻϡ
ǲᣡϹܿͣһ£üͷ˵
ܳһˣʱͰһ
ⶫ鷳һЩӻԸҩЩǷιʳԣҪ«ؽǣ治һ׵顣
ϹһʲôʱôıǮȻô౪ӺͲ᣿Ϲܿʱ飬Ҳеȵġ
еĻôɣһ½
Ϊ˰裬Ը׼ǱȽϳֵģԭΪҶ·㣬ʱȴû뵽óҲϹܿá
ҲֻôˡϹܿҲûкõĽ֮Ǿ͵ͷͬˡ
ļ̾ȡ˴ޣԼ˺Ȼ󽫴ӵԺ档
Ũܵð֮ЩĲ̾͸е˲ԡ
ҡҡλεԵڵأǺ˾һ


1036 ޹
㶨ҶźϹܿһһOKơ
·׷˳ȥǸߣӵһ߶ȻϹܿĴ£ʼׯڲȥ
ׯΧСӻƣׯ˺ˮһǺһĶȻǺȴ㹻ֹ˿ٽ롣
ҪͻȥֲŪʪܵģҲֻСľһ·롣
ҶϹܿԽСľ֮󣬾»ص˳档
֮󣬾ͷƺе쳣͵ػͷһͷûп壬ںŵλϣ۾
ôˣҶһҲеԾ
һֱǸ楴һģһΪ極İȫһҲ楣ѧϰһЩҵͽ֪ʶҲΪԺķչһ·
Ҷȫû뵽ʱȻܹڰ裬֪سԼĳ棬е̫ˡ
嵣Ůһ𣬻Կ㡣ش
СЩûмʱһЩ仯÷ĵطԵ÷࣬ҶһۿȥͷĸϹܿȽҲѷɫ١
Ҫ˵ʲôŮŮģҶ˿壬ͽ̵߶ʵʲô⣬Ҳûʲô֮ء
˵Щ飬еĲȥģҸҪһЩش
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ô˵˼СﶼشӽǱ߶ϹģҶܲ˵ò㣬ģȥɣĻеˡ
һɡҶںŵһ˵
ʱûʲô쳣ϹСǺ˳»ش
ڳ棬аװļϵͳϹܿЯźŴߣȻͼڵļ棬бҪĻҲͨ˫ϵ
豸ôģˣЩʵ
ǴģϹСͨ߶ģ˵ӢMI6רõ豸Чһ½͵
MI6ר豸֮ҡҡͷǺİɣӻ㿿׶
MI6Ӣ½鱨ҲϱȽ鱨֮֯һǵר豸Ȼȥ忴Щר豸϶ģǹھ鲿һЩ豸Ʒǳϸ񣬲Ϊ֪
豸ġҶͽ͵ȻֱӴMI6õ豸ȴҵΪӹЩ豸ҵֱӴǱ߶õҪĶϹŷ޵ӰȽϴȫ쵽Щ顣˵ĻҲܳڵ鱨Ⱦλ
ŶӰ֮ŵ˵ͷͬҶ˵
ӼĻϹܿǵжǱȽ˳ģҲȽѸ٣һ·ͻͽֱĿڵأׯһֿ⡣
Ǵ֪ƶϣϹ׾пǱֿ档
һϹܿĿǳȷԾȳϹ׾ΪһĶڴҪһ־ǹǴֿ⣬ϣȰ˾ȳȻٿǶϹ˽д
Ȼˣׯĵ̫ĻҲųȰȫ˵顣
ϹܿǵĶܿ죬ѸٵؽӽľṹĲֿ⡣
ǹڻųȥһŰŰ߷ˣȻ󷭹ſڴ˽ȥ
ֿڿţе֮ЩȻȻͿʼǹ߶˹
ϹܿĶҲǳѸݣǹ鷢һ֮͸ɷҲ¸
ӵľ巿նһյƱˣӰ쵽˲ֿ
ȾˣϹܿһ䣬ȳ˹ȥűڽһϵ˿ȥ
ϹֻܿǿһۣͿ˴Ϲ׾·Ҳֻǵͷƺ˯ˣҲûж롣
Ǿӽ˵ʱͻ
ŵԴȻ̧¶˹Цݡ
Ϲܿ״ʱһ
ǰˣȻϹ׾һòмƵˣҴҲϹ׾·ǴӺ濴ȥĻȷʵ棬Ҳѹһۿȥʱ򣬾ΪϹ׾
ӦԷԭӦñ壬ͻһֻ˸ɫذƿմ˹
ϹܿȻ³⣬Щʧ񣬿һĹҲִ֮ȻԶķӦŤһֲ˼״̬һ
Էذס͡һϹܿĽԱ߶ػ˹ȥ
ᣬϹܿͻȻû˹ͷһصžһһŤ˳ȥ˲͵˼֮⣬ΣյķΧ
˭´ӵϹܿеǹȻָ˹ȥ˵ʵ
ʱҲдɣ֪ôᷢչһ˵Ϲ׾ϹôϹ׾ôαװϹ׾飿
αװϹ׾ȻϹܿһı
ǣϹǸһôµԼ֪﷢飬ֻϹ׾أ
ϹܿϹ⣬ûĻһеġ
ȻϹıһи֧֡
Ϲܿͷ󶼻۳һ仰Ҹ
ǺǺǡ˺ȻЦžͼɫڣ˵ýӲž͵˵ϡ
ˡһ¹ȥ̽һ£ҡҡͷϹܿ˵
ĶҩһҲеԾ
˲صĶҩȻּѪĸЧҩֶԴҲǱѰһǸ㲻ġ
ϹҵȻԼ;Ҳ֮ܳΪ鱨ĵһҡ
ϹܿȻһͿ˲ֿһͷڷɫĹߣȻͨͷһС
˵̧־һǹǸͷá
Ϲܿеһ飬Ϲ׾䣬ڲأ
ϹֶΣܹϹ׾ס
ѸٴӲֿ˳ʱׯѾ˱ӺͲʬ壬÷ﺰŻԶҲ˾ѵȻѾ˱˾
ϹܿȻļѰһ¸Ϲ׾䣬ǴʱȻѾʱûм׷ȥĻᡣ
ȻЩģϹܿҲò˾
ԽСֱ֮ȺĳӣȻ˳Ѹ뿪˾ׯ
ȵǴӴ·Ͽȥ֮󣬾ͿкüѾׯΧ
٣Ϲܿǳƣټϸ䲻ɵһȭҵǰϣسһ
ҶҲеƣû뵽һ˹ȻĽԭΪգ˭֪ȴ޹


1037 ô
ҶҲеƣû뵽һ˹ȻĽԭΪգ˭֪ȴ޹
ʲôطأҶǣʼϸ⡣
˵ϹܿϹ棬Ӧͻ¼ϹļأҲһʱ𣬲Ǽȶİš
£ϹȻܹӦô̵ʱڣϹ벼֣壬ҪһѣȻеܡ
ٴϹܿ߶ΪϹ¡
ô飬Ӧþˡ
ҶԺ顣
ϹܿҲȽϵ䣬ʱѾͬԼϹҵĸȡϵҲȷһ㣬ǾǼϹ׾ȷʵȥ˰裬Ҳûϵϡ
ϰ㵽أϹܿ뵽Щ飬治ɵЩңһʱ֮޷
Ϲ׾ȻϹ־žޣȴҲǷǳѵõĹ˲ţЩּеҲǾϹҵʲȻڲϵ׳֮С
˵ĳʲô飬ϹҶԣȷʵһܴĴ
ԣ۾ҶȻۣҡҡͷԭ·

ˣʱеЩ棬֪Ҷʲôµ뷨
ϹȷʵǱϹĻôʱڣǸûа취תƳȥϾûʱ;Ҷԣһھׯ֮ڡ
Ѿо˲ˣǻȥĻպܴ󡣡һ±ʾ
ľ֮󣬲ܾׯνͣҪطһģôҶطׯķգʹࡣ
ǹǷǳص飬Ǳˣֻܶıû׼һε飬Ҳ಻Ӱ졣
£ԷҲҰִԾֻһѡҶȴвͬĿ
ȻϹҲܹģھǰҲҪȫξׯ淢飬ĻԼ鷳ҲС
ͷȥҶǿһ¡
ǼҶѶȻ޻˵ͷתԭ·ֿ˻ȥ
ʱľׯˣȴӦѶǰİ辯ǡ
ǶԲˣһ󱨡ׯĵرʾһε鴿żȻʵϣǻļȮ⣬ʳжˣԱΪһЩµ飬ű˾
û𣿡ҲǺĵӣϵģ˭ҲԸⱻڡ
û⣬һжׯ˱֤ȻͷԸȥһЩѲصĺþƹװϡ
Աȥƽ棬˼ӺƳװ˾档
ô˼ƴ˼䣬˭Ҳûľܾ
Ͼһ˶ƻȥҲǺ飬û˻
ž뿪֮󣬾ׯ˾߻һ׷棬š
빫ӣѾˡׯ˶ɳƵһ˵
ҿˡ˲ǱˣϹ롣
ʱϹ룬һƣؿŹǽϵһżЩӾͷԶȥľ
ҾׯϹڰľݵ֮һҲҪĻ
˵չҾׯ֮󣬾Ϳʼ˾ĵľӪׯ⣬˵˼豸ֻҪ׷棬ܹסׯ淢һ顣
빫ӣһΣǵıӺͲᶼˣǷҪٹһţׯѯʵ
ôһׯռ˵ǱȽϹģֻտţ϶ǹ˲ģǻӺͲᣬӺ̶ܴϽֲ⡣
ţ㿴ŰɡϹ˵ͷȻȥ
ȵʣһ˵ʱϹץ˵绰˳ȥϹܿûϵǰװ˼ˡ
绰˵ҲҪֻҪϹ׾ǵϣͲϹܿʲô
ϹܿҲСӡϹرʾ˷ԣϹ׾вҲάڵľѣ̫ˣѾͷ϶ġ
Ȼ˵ǽϹ׾סˣΪϹҵļ̳ˣϹܿȻ֪˱ʵʱԼӦӦԣѵѡЩԲеӾеŮһɵشӦԷвҪ
ΪϹҵļ̳ˣϹܿôȥܹ޶ȵر֤Ϲ׾İȫ
ǰһ⡣绰ԣҪϹ׾תƵһȫĵطУʵеΣա
Ϲͷ㷢˶ߣѾ˸׷˵ĻϿ϶ҪѾͷĿġϹ׾ȷʵ̫ȫˡ
뵽飬ϹҲɵͷ
һΰϹ׾ס飬һй¶ȥǾͻһȻ󲨣ǻ⵽ϹܿķͬʱҲϹڲ෴
Ϲ׾ִϹҴҵЩ꣬һЩĵ飬ǱȽϸߵģһϹүӶҪعͷڲҲڳѺۣһҪˡ
ǲô˵ϹץϹ׾飬˶õģҪϹ׾ҵ
һץס˰ѱĻɾûʲô·ˡ
͵ȽϺһЩϹڵ绰ѯʵ
飬Լͺãһ֪Ͷһй¶ȥΣա绰еشңһ֪ϢĻʲô飬Ӱ֮ĺϵ
绰˵뷨Ǻܼ򵥣Ҳʵڵġ
Ϲ֮Ҳ˵Щһ֮ΣĻǾпӰ쵽ĺʧȥ˺ϻ˵Ϲ룬ûȥԸϹܿ
ȻϹܿǸѾͷСͿʼڵϻ죬ͷԴҲģǾζŽҪ޾׷ɱ
Ҫ֪ϹܿɱֽŮĴºţɲǱ˰װ׺ġ
ˣԼ취ˡϹ˵绰ȻͿʼôϹ׾
һ֮ʹӰ׷˳
빫ӣʲôԸ̾ӭʵ
Ǹңȥһ˶ϼһطϹ˵
ǣ빫ӡ̾͵ͷ
һ·˳ȥ˸ղŷǹսĲֿ档
ոյĴ򶷺ۼʱѾʰͣļҲټȻǱ˸ϳȥˡ
ֻϸһ£ȻеĵѪζ
ΪЩںڰϵĺǣϹҵ˻϶Ѫȵϴ񣬶Щ˾ռˣʲôס
ѵؽѴ򿪡Ϲ뿴˿ΧͶ·Ը
ǣ빫ӡµͷӦ


1038 ǹ
ѵؽѴ򿪡Ϲ뿴˿ΧͶ·Ը
ǣ빫ӡµͷӦ
˽ֿһӸŲذ忪¶һԲһҵĸְ˺ְƿ¶һڡ
ĵƹԶڶϵģһȥתͽݡ
ϹŽȥְ淢˳ƵյĿռ棬ԵøעĿ
µСָ˼ңʩһӦȫȻڲֿ޽֮ǰѾõģĲֿ⣬ΪڻҵĴڶѡ
빫ӡţϹ뵽׷վʺá
ţˡϹ˵ͷȻѯʵϼһô
ӣһ仰˵һ»ش
ϹƵһ䷿棬͸Ĵܹһִ棬۾ҲţϹҵμϹ׾
˿ϹҲе֪ôźá
Ϲ׾ΪϹҵμӵж˺ţڻϹҵľ޶Ƹ
ϹǺϻϹ׾ƭҰҪĿľΪһǮ䡣
õǮôʣµϹҵҪȥǵˡ
Ǻ˵ʱϹ׾һǳ̣ӱץ֮󣬾һԲ˵ʲô˻飬Ǳõ֡
Ϲеǳգԭһǳ׵飬ȴû뵽ߵϣﻢ£޾ݡ
ȻˣֻϹ׾Ͻ˻룬ҲνǰſʰˣϹܿѾϹ׾ʧ٣ҽĿϹϣ¶еˡ
һй¶ȥϹҲû֮ء
һϼһһҪؼʳϹ뵽˽ļѴɵ˺ġ
ϼһٲϵĻôҲûжôˡ
ǡһ´˷ţȻ˽ȥ
ڷϹ׾˶ͽ۾ͷ̧תķƺҪֱһ¶Էݡ
ֶһ𣿡ӽŲ棬Ϲ׾жϳ˶Է
Ϲһüͷʶؿһ
壬Ϲ̸ʲô飬ǿ־ȴм֣ϾԴ¿ʼϹ׾͹ճȨء
ֻû뵽Ϲ׾ĽһڱһЩҪ鱨ַ֮һ͵µϹԼҲе˼
ϹҲû뵽һԣȻͱ¶Լݡ
ҵ˭ԭϹڸϹ׾Ȼ˵ѾӿУϹݡ
Ȼ˵ЩϹʱ䶼ţϹ׾ǿǴСģȻ֪ϵϰԣϹʱβãϲԵϰߣϹ׾ġ
ͻȻư֮Ϲ׾ʶ˿϶кܴɵģôϹȻҲѲ˸ϵʱϤĿﻹ᲻˭ڱ
ϹһܿͲ͸⣬֪ԼһԱ¶ݡ
ţ塣Ϲֿһڵ˵Щ飬˼ģԣЩ˻˵ˡǮȻǺöǮûĻͲʲôֵø˵ˣ˵ǲأ
Сӣû뵽ĵӾȻôˣݺѵͲ£Ϲ׾ѹûĻǷϹ
ҲòŻңҲСˡϹЦһңһε飬ҲǸȶĶѣô飬浱һ˾͸ö
Ϲ׾֮󣬵û˵ʲô
һε飬ͳɵ㣬ϹԼҪһĻϹ׾ԼҲţı϶֧ŵġ
˭Ϲ׾һӺʵ
˭滹𣿡ϹЦ
ϹЩˣеԵܹҲôΪϹ׾᲻˭жıأ
˵һϹع½ĻìܣҲôر
ν߷һ֮ϹڲìܣʵҲ֮Уʱһܱˡ
ҲԸġЩ֮Ϲ׾޷˵رʾ
ЦЩ棬Ϲ׾ΪǾԲǵͷġ
ҲֻܲˡϹɰͰ͵ػش
һӣ¾˹һѵ꣬˵Դ⣬˵
ųһֱĽǰɡϹµ˵
Ҷǵĳӿȥʱ򣬾Ϳ˾Ѿȥ
ȻˡϹܿˣе˵
ҶǲΪȻ˵ʵҲûʲôǵı֣ԷͬҲⷽĹǡ
ϾϹ˿ܷǷн˼Ϲ׾ǷξȥĻ¶пܻᱩ¶ھׯװ϶ҲԶԶس˾ɵķΧ
Щ˵ȥǺܴ鷳ϹȻҷžǽȥ顣
ôһǸҶɱһǹĻᣬϾ˸ո֮󣬶Էһʱ֮ҲϵҶǾȻһ
ׯļ豸̫ˣ취СϹܿ뵽⣬ͶҶ˵
ոϹܿھׯжʱ򣬾ĸоͷ̫ˣӰ쵽жĿɿԣһҪ䲻ͱ뽫Է۾ϹˣĻʤȻ
ɲסҶ
еĻͰǵܿҸըһ·עˣе·һ׷һ϶Ǽҡ㶨ŶԷļ豸Ͷûˡ
еҶˣͷͬôͽˡ
ĺˣСһ׮ˣȴЦЦܿʹӳ濸һ˻Ͳ
ǵĶ湻ġҶˣҲɵһ
ʱ˿̣ɲ˵ʲôˣֻҪ̵ʱڣϹ׾ȳ˵ǲʲôֶΣǰ˵ùϣҶҲʲôġ
֮һ𣬶İ׷ӶʱͻһƬ档
ׯ˶ʱ˭Ҳû뵽ȻûͲԸǡ
ˣжҶ
Ϲܿ壬һʮλǰսӢɱڵس˾ׯ棬ĿǸոȥһֿ⡣


1039 ˳Ӫ
㲻ȥϹܿͬʱҶ˵
Ϊʲôѵǲ֪ʵ츳˵ǹ֣ҶɳĮ֮ӥЩطʵ
ⲻǹֲǹֵ⣬ҪİȫΡʾ
ϹܿҲ˵㻹ǴΪãһ⣬ǼҲҪعˡ
⻰˵úʵʣʵҲȷʵˡ
Ϲҹһ£ҶһģҶҺ֮Իͬ⣬˿Ϲҹĺô֮⣬ҪҲǿҶӣĻԲܰô˳
Ҷں⣬ΪϹҵڧ⣬ôϹܿͷǳɣ黹ܲܰԭľ籾ȥ
ԣҶİȫ⣬Ǳڵһλϵġ
ǶˡҶҲ˵ʲô̧־һǹ״һյ·ƣӦ
ǹϹܿˣһ
ȻͬҶԣǹֲԴޣȷʵⷽʵ
˷ӦʱҶѾǳݵèһַǳֵƣǰ˳ȥӣһֻèڲ׽ƫƫж·߲Ǽ򵥵֮ΣҲ˳õSͣһԲ׽ɵĲ·͡
Ҷǰ־ӢϹ֮ܿ󣬾еˣΪʵе̫ɵˡ
ҶݣҶͣôֲܽӣ
Ҳ֪嵹ûЦϹֻܿػһ䣬ŸȥΪҶڻ󷽵İȫ
ϹܿȻûʲôŵĿΪҶҲܵŷڣŪЩҲ׷׸˹ǰܺ
ҶȽ޵ϹܿһȽϱص壬ȻҲͬ
ϹܿһӲĶӣҲ˵ʲôˣһɫвͻǹͬèԲǰ̬ȥ
Ȼ˵ϹܿҳǹŮɱ֣óʹøַǳɱǹͬǷǳصģܹﵽֱˮ׼й֮
ǱҶһǹܱ·ƣϹܿǾе硣
ҵľ룬Ȼһ˱˼˾͵ĶǣҶϹܿˣֱŶ룬˲ֿ⡣
ֻֿжԷˣ״ǹʹϹܿ˼ͬʱǹһˣɨ
Ҷņ̀սͽˣҶٵеǳʧ䣬ǵٶҲе̫ˡ
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ҶҲ㷢ɧû뵽Ȼѵһͨʱúûӣӵһҡ
ʵҲҪȥңΪʱذϵǳŵģҵµѾ˶Žϳ塣
ҶûȥĿǣҲԷֱӽ档
ֱӷԸһ£Ӹȥ
壬һ֮յĿռ棬ôЧǻǿ뵽ģЩɫζǷʤ
½ӽȥ֮⿪˼ǹԷע
Ǽ˺ܿͽϣ˴֮µ˵档
棬һˣϹ£бϹ׾
ְ֣ϹܿϹ׾ɵ˹ȥ
Ȼ˵ϹܿϹ׾ķչͬǸŮ֮ĸȴǼõģһϹ׾ƣǳ񿴵Ϲ׾ȻȻǷһ
Ϲ׾棬ʱҲΪܵϮ˻֮Уûʲô˺ۣûܵԷŰ
Ϲһ֧ǹ˿ϣ͵ڵأ˵£ǶڵϣȻˡ
ۡ嵹һǹϹ¸ϵˣҪϹʱҶֹ
ȵȵ˵ǵȥҶ˵
ȻѾȳϹ׾ץסϹ룬ôϵжԲɹˣ˵ϹĻڣһΪϹҵˣдãһҲΪҶϣͨҵĻ֧ߡ
ϹҵĻع飬ѾΪҶһȻϣܹģûһʱϹҵڲȻҪؽ⣬ڳĻʹߣװǸ
ôһĻϹþԵ÷ǳҪˡ
ۡһ죬ȴϹܿϹ׾վʱ򣬿˵һŵ꣬ǵȻڿתţ̴ŭԲŲһǹ
ȻԷŵҪʲôǷǳԵ顣
αأѾˡҶΪȻҡҡͷ
˴ӽȥ˷Ϲ׾һϹ壬˲ֿ⡣
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ӵҷɣǹȴǺܼң˫ܿƵʹ
Ͼ˫ԣԸ⾪ؾĻ˭ֲ˺ôȥ
ҶսˣȻ˵ǵռƣȴǰս֮ḻǹ׼Բû֮У˳ؾͻصԼĳ棬Ȼһ·ȥ
ׯ˾ͱȽˣȺףϹҲ˸׽ˣʧȥָ֮ȻβʲôЧսЩĻɢҪȥ˼
ǱϹӸĹӶȻ̸ʲôЧҵ⣬֮޷ǾΪһǮ֣ץˣȻûʲô˼ٸ˴
ô죿ָһϹѯʵ
ˡĿռ䲻ҶֱӾİš
ǣϹͱһŽֽȻһ˳ӵĺ档
ǵĳӼ۶ԶԶ뿪߶
߳ȥ幫֮󣬾˾ȻȻׯûбǾҲǳзģǴ;Ѿ˽⵽ׯ﷢һЩõ飬˵ǹսԱ
¼辯Ȼţ˹ȥ鿴⡣
ֻһιȥģɾͲͨľˣӦ¼ؾǡ
辯ķӦٶҲҶǵĳӸԷĳӽǸһ·ѣЩæµľ˵
ˡϹܿһ¾˵Ҫǹڵľ죬Ӧӳٶ۰ɣߣһӦûС
١ҶˣȻ治תһ룬ƺϹܿ˵ĻҲûʲô
Ӧͻ¼棬ڻ÷ǳ
˿ųܿͻصǵ֮


1040 ֱ
Ϲ׾ѹʱ򣬾;Դеۡ
Чʧ֮ǻһĺ֢Ϲ׾ϵʱ򣬾ʶеۣȴ޷ܵģָое֮ͷʹ
ΪӰ죬Ϲ׾֮ǰһЩ飬ЩģˣֻϡǵԼϹСӸˣȻһ濽ʣ֮ηģһӡûˡ
˵һεҲеν淭˴
Ϲ׾ҲûϵϹȻôĵӣȻҰ㲢ܼ
ҪǴ˳ȥҪϹͷģԲֻŮϹܿѾµϹүϹ裬ҲܷŹϹʦ治ĲФ
ֻϹ׾ڻ˲Щ⣬ԴȷʵеܣֻҪȥʿֻججĸоԺɢ
ס
Ϲܿ˹ʱϹ׾ʶԼڴϣӦһұȽϺľƵ֮ڣŮҲǻþȴʵĴڡ
ȵ۾ϸؿϹܿǰʱϹ׾΢һЩ
СܿôУʲôطϹ׾ָǣЩѽѯʵ֮ǰֻǵñϹǻСӸˣȴ֪顭
ףǾƵ꣬û¶ˡϹܿϹ׾˵Ϲ׾ûʲô󰭣ʱ࣬ϹǼһѾҸץˣֻǲڴ˾ϾѾŵһЩζҵǻ˳
ҹϹҵ飿Ϲ׾˼άеı仯ʳ仰֮󣬾;еԾȻԼ˵ˣڰ豻СӸģô˵Ȼڰˣ
Ϲܿ˵ͷʾϹ׾˵Ļû
Ϲ׾ԼĶǣ˵ѹ־ôˣ˵ϹҵϳĻҹǵ¶ĺܶ߹٣ϹҵͽͽǳεģôҸ¶
ʶһ֮Ϲ׾Ϳ˿ΧĻͼװλƽҲܴӦǰĸߵƵꡣ
ٿϹܿʱ򣬾ͷȻŽ£Ȼж֮󣬻ûü·
Ϲ׾治ɵЩпʵϣԼŮǷǳģϹЩܵŷ߶˼Ӱ죬ûʲôŮ˵ªϰϹܿҲȷʵǳǱȽϿصļ̳ѡ֮һ
ΪεļϹ׾ȻϣܹչиԼ̳òǴĿǰ̳ѡʸ޼ûһܹ˾õ֮Ӧü̳мλá
ǰϹ룬ʵҲǼ̳˵ѡ֮һϲ·ϣ֮£Ҫ˵ûʸ̳мסλˣǷܹȥҪ
ڷļӵǣľ߲ĴֶΣһǷǳġ
Ϲ׾Ϊһڰܼӵܣлῴ̫
Ϊ˱ӣⱻ˵ԼȨרеĻϹ׾һͰϹ˵ˣôܼң
ô֪ұϹˣϹ׾Щʵ
֪ϹܿʱӦڴ½Ŷԣô˰裬һɾԼأϹ׾ȷʵеˡ
Եɺ϶ѡһ嵭
Ϲ׾תͷȥʱ򣬾ͿһĻӣЦ˹˸кϹãҶ
ҶϹ׾һ£λҶǺҲ
ϹȻܾӺ⣬ǽǷҪع½Ļ⣬ڼڲһֱûͣЪҲүΪʲô¶طڵص뷨ԭ֮һ
ĳ̶ֳϹںķչȻһֱȽ˳չͷҲǳѸͣǴŷǵĴڣѾһЩĺǣҲųǻȡһЩȽϼֶΣϹҵķչǴݻǡ
ⷽĿǣϹ׾Ȼûȷرʾֻ֧ع飬ȴҲûкֱӵط飬ĻǴż̳мְλջҲܷŮϹܿص½ȥ顣
ԣҶĴڣϹ׾֪һЩġ
֪λҶǹڶκҶҵӣͬʱһλǳӰĸ߹٣Ŀ顣
ȻˣЩ鱨ԴŮϹܿĻ㱨ϡ
ԭҶû뵽Ȼ˰裬ЩԾˡϹ׾Ҷϸһӣ;λòǱȽֻͣǿûһ־֮˵İ˵ĸо
Ϲ׾ãҶӦûЩµģĻҲͻȻڰ衣
ȻҶǸŮϹܿһİ衣
ǷһӵܵϣȻǲôԶϹһع֮µġ
ףһܹϹдȳȫҶϹܿһԶϹ׾͵
һϹܿڰ裬ûټ£ǽҶͨǣ˶Ϲ˵ͻϮҴ˽Ϲ׾Ŀꡣ
ҪлҶľ֮ˡϹ׾֮󣬹ȻеЩȣû뵽ҶںȻҲΪ
ΪϹ׾Ϲڰ߶ӪգһɱȽϴװûʮ˸ɱׯҪ˵ʲôʡ
Ҷ׾پ飬ûΪ뿪ڵأͱ
꿡ܣȷʵֵϹ׾رעġ
ϹˣⱾӦ顣Ҷ˿Ϲ׾ֿ˿Ϲܿ;ǸŮǺеơ
Ȼ˵Ϲ׾ҪһЩ沿ҲһЩ˪֮ɫǸϹܿޱȽͬԿóڵʱϹ׾ӦҲһλǳŮ˻ӭӡ
ˣҲϹܿŮ
Ҷ˵һ䣬һҶĳҪΪϹع̵֮棬Ϲ£ڿϹڲڻع֮£Ҳͳһ˼롣ҶĳҪðһ䣬Ϲڴµ̬ȣΣ
ϹܿˣɵóһҶĿ⣬ҲԵЩ
Ȼ˵ǰҶʾϹڲͳһϹ׾̬ȣƺҲڱأҲŷ޼չǴʱҶͻȻؾͻϹ׾һЩŵġ
ϾҪϹ׾ޣô׵飬Ҫڴ±ֳԵĻҶ߶Ҳеˡ
ôأҪ˰ϹܿʱЩ


1041 岻
ôأҪ˰ϹܿʱЩ
ȻϹܿһ֪ڲһЩϹ׾ڻع֮ϵ̬ȣүүϹôһ£Ǵǣڻعġ
Ͼڵڵķչռ伫ôгÿһҶ޷ӵģгһС
Ϲŷ޵ķչѾһƿʱڣҪسҲô׵ģϾЩӲô׾ܹϴɾġ
ϹҲǿһ㣬ֿ˹ڵķչԲŲϧԽ֮䣬ƶĻع飬ҲΪ˻öηչĻᣬڹڵĸĸ˳Уֵһݺ
ȻˣҪҲô׵顣
ϹҪԵģǵЩǣԼǴھϵ漯š
ǴⷽǣϹ׾ڹ֮²ôԣȫ淢չԭеĻƴһѣҲܹɱΧֻԻ͡
ȻϹ׾Ҷ֮󣬾ͳƬ̣ȻŽرʾʵ˵ǷʮǰĻҿܻǳչǾ⼸ı仯֮󣬹ǷܹȻָĸ￪ŵĵӲ䣬ҵûʲô׶
Ҷ죬˵ƷƱãڵƸ԰աϹҶҲ֪ģȻ˵Զܺʮ֮ãȴҲȫǰһЩӰ졣ĻȥҶҿڷ絲꣬ϹȻҲԼһݶôϰбڱĺţһĺܶ˾ͻ׷׷ԡ
Ϲ̬ȣǷǳҶ˵
еϹȻָϹ裬λϹҵǰμҲϹϵ
ҸϾˡϹ׾ֻǼ򵥵˵ôһ仰ͱ첻ˡ
ҶԼ°ͣʼ
Ϲ׾ĵģʵҲҲǺܶຣʿǹԱǵص㡣
ʵϣڶŷ֮ǰһŷ£صʾԸ⽫ĸתã԰Ľһִ֧Զ󺣾Ӧв
һϵе֮±֮󣬻ڹʹϵеĵλʱһǧɣͲû˺ĶˣҲ׷ʵ˸־÷;·ƲãĹϵ˱ڡ
ϹҶŷ޵ӰҲǱȽģŷô꣬ϢǳͨȻ֪ڻĵ̬ȣȻûиƹ
ʱعĻڸѹڿܻżܻдѹжеٵϹңδؾܹӦôĶ֡
ΪϹ׾ϵ̬ȣȻ֮
ϹعģղϹ׾ԣױϾʹˣ׼ʲôʱͼݺȥʱϹڲֻʲôķǲ˵ġ
ҶЩ飬ȻҲֻ֪ȻѾ˰裬ҪȥϹ裬̸ع֮£ԻȻܱϹ׾ʹ˻ԣĻҶҶ٣ǻΪ˲෹Ц
飬ǾԲġ
ȻƱãֻһǾǷչ档ˣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡҶһ£Ϲ׾˵Ϲᵽ˹ڣҿԷǳȷظ㣬Ѿ˸ֹ˶һжǮˣԣֻҪӵ㹻ʽ߲ˣҲСĴڡңȻϣϹһع飬ȴҲϣϹܹάϵŷ޷ĻҵΪͻĺŷ޹ϵһ
Ҷ˼ǺȷˣϣϹһع飬ǲϣȫع飬ŷ߶гò״ˣӦü
ŷϵȽ΢ϹȫƾԼƣдߣһЩڹҵ飬ܹ쵽һĻڸ߲еҪԣҲܶġ
Ϲ׾ҶĻ֮󣬾еҶͼˣǼҪϹҵʽҪϹҵɵЩЦ˵ҶٵθڵǴúܰɴϹҸ̲ˡ
˵Ϲ׾;Ҷʲô¶һǿĺߣҪȸ˵ǿö࣬ϹҲҪԼķչ·
Ǿŷ޵СȦ棬Ϲ׾ҲΪʲôķչǰǴ½гӴޱȰ
˵ʵڻŷ޷׷׽ҪƲûģǿںź죬ʵϸķüȥİȴǴûж˵ģҲ˵һ飬ǻĵгһֱǸһ⡣
Ϲ׾ƬͬҶȴҲô嶯ؾ͸ıҶҪģ˼ҸովϹ׾ͱʾһУȵ˼Ҹ֮Ҳá
ҲáҶˣ֪Ϲ׾滹ûг˾Ҳ֪¹ϵشϹ׾׾ͰѼ˸˵ϣҲûǿʲô
ҶϹүҪعģϹܿСҲ˼ôϹ׾뷨ʵеˣϾϹ˵ĶλУϹ׾Ҳһس֮˶ѣûж⿪ص
ˣϹүҲϹܿҸᣬпܳΪϹҵһμѡˡ
Ϲ׾ľ岻ʵǶϹǰ;δضѣҲܾ϶Ѷ֮ˡ
ϹܿϹ׾ҶûдʲôԵĹʶ治ɵЩźˣҲ֪ǼõģϾҪϹ׾ı俴Ҳ¡
ϹܿͲϹѾˣҪҪһʲô˺ϻڰ㣿
⻰֮Ϲ׾üëʱš˪غһܹô治ˣ˭أ޷ǾȡǼ屦Կ׵Ǽ˶ѣ
Ϲŷ޷չôϵĲƸ֮⣬ҲһЩùĲرЩʿеıչУֻмп롣
ЩԿףȴڼļλȨУҲһ໥ƺֶΣΪ˷ĳЩȨƹأΣ档
ϹȻ׷Ϲ׾ЩʲôģǾ˵Ѿаõеһѻ߼Կˣⱳ󾿾ô¶Ȼʿ֪
ʣϹһõ˼ĳһλĳλȫ֧֡
һ뵽Ȼ飬Ϲ׾͸е쳣ķŭ
嵽˾δǰ;˵Ĺؼʱַ̣ܹѵͷĻ׾ͶǧҵôϹ׾񲻾ͳ˼ˣ
뵽Ϲ׾ͳϹܿ˵СӸҵҪһһΪĵӣ


1042 Ŀζ
Ȼ˵Ϲ׾ϹеǳŭȴҲûڵһʱھΪ߶ȷʵûʲô֮ˡ
Ϲ׾ĵһ飬ǿʼ绰֪ͨԼڰ߶Ĳ£ѸٸϹָӡ
߶֣ڶϹɣϹ׾һ߶绰ҶСϹܿѯʵ
ϹܿҡҡͷǲܵģΪҸԼһǼԱܹʹõģЩҲδؾͺΪ˭񡣡
ŶԭˡҶ֮󣬵˵ͷϹΪƶңȻⷽĵһЩ֮
ˣҲŷվȽŸϾҲǷǳӴģǿҪѹסͷߣɲһװ쵽顣
Ź˰СʱңϹ׾Ǿ͸Ϲˣһжʮò൱뺷һ;࣬ѹֻᱻϹ׾УΪ˽װʹá
ȤǣЩ˻϶⼮ʿûлڡ
ЩǹӶĴڣǮ¶ȽϿסϹܿˣͶҶ͵˵Ҹ׵ǣȫǻˡ
ѹˣ˵㸸׵ǣôƤأԭڻҵ֡ҶˣʱЦ
˵Ϲ׾¶˵ĻôҶҪɣϹĴ£ǷȫŷĿԣǴϹܿĽϹҵĺǣȻűȽϴѪͳ˵Ϲ׾ûкͿ
˵ϹҵϹⷽһЩȽϹִ뷨ʹϹ׾ĳЩϼԭ
Ҷô˵ⶼһ¶
㲻ȥ㸸ôԴϹ𣿡ҶȻʵ
Ǹʲô˼ϹܿԴ˸еȤȱȱЩĵؽͷָתתģ϶ǼǼȨѣԸϹ룬֤һҸ׵뷨ѣʵ棬Ͷһŵƶˡ
ΪϹ׾Ȼ˭һģôҲ׻ôˡ
ȤȥԹһ£ϹܿŤͷҶʵ
˵ʵڻҶϹİڵζԴͽģмȤֻҲһ㣬ϣϹ׾δؾͻӭԹۣϾǹϵ˼ҵļ·棬ǲòġ
ҶҡҡͷЦ˵ʲôÿģϹֲŮҶû˿Ȥ
ȻӣһȥֺˡϹܿͻȻ²ؽ߶ҹڲŸոտʼأڹڿɼʶ߶Ρ
ϹܿԣȷʵһԴУҹҲҵģܹһֽԵĸоģһҶɡ
ʮ˶֪ϲݰɣǰϹܿڰεʱϲľʮɫҹԵøˡ
˵һĻĵطڰεҹ˵ɺӣܴһڵգҹķḻ̶ȣûе޷ġ
˾ưɡKTVݵֳ⣬ɫĸ硢衢ŵֵȣŰ
ڻƳϵʱ򣬵ϰδڴƷŵصķѾƣɺķ羰ŴϵֱݣƷ˵ķʳҲһ¡
뾲ȣɺľԺıݾʹ̼ܶ࣬Ϊĺĥõ糡ֲɺļҸ߷ȴͬɫӰΪ裬ȴӲһʽ
ҲôҹˣһЩصķҲʹǸıϰߣ𽥻عˡ
Ҷڰ߶˽⻹ǱȽ϶ģϹܿĻ֮УƺڹڵЩˣȴǲΪҶϲġ
ڣҲǰͬˡҶ뵽ԼĵۺֲԼʶһЩҹɵЩпطϹܿʵڹڻǺϤЩطķ߶ҲϲϵģҪ֪˵ɽկǷǳǿģֻҪǿһ飬ôܹ̾ȽԵҵ
ҵûмʶϹܿˣƺЩŵģҶ˵´λؾĻȥʶʶ
㣿ҶɨϹܿһۣҡҡͷ㰡
ʲôģϹܿҶһ۵ȥ椣Ҳȥ椣һӰ죬ҾûʲôŶ
ҶˣʱЦǵȥ椣ʱ˼Сȡ򶼸Ӱˣ
Ϲܿȡ⣬ҶһֱǱȽϻɵģȻ˵ϹܿųһĳЩʱ򣬻¶˼ҶʼվãϹܿϲŮ˱Ƚ϶һЩ
гţûоȥ֣ϾǶ֮һ²һ£Ҳϣٽ֦ˡ

ϹĴŤʱ۵亹ܣо嶼ʼֽǵĸо
ʵϣ֮ϹҲʲôõ³
ҶǵķĸڣϹ׾һ̵ĳ
֮ԺһȺ¹Ҫԭ򣬾ǲϣǸĻҲϣϹڲй¶ȥ
ϾϹҵļһҪӵˡ
ԣЩֻṆ̀˵ʻʲôģȻϹ׾Գ档

ϹĴŤʱ۵亹ܣо嶼ʼֽǵĸо
ʵϣ֮ϹҲʲôõ³
Ϲ׾ڶɳϣˮһҲΪֱϹԹʮ̷ֲ֮ͬſ˿ڡ
Ϲ룬ıʲôӦúô˭ָʹ飿Ϲ׾سѯʵ
ͬҲٸϹڲĴ൱صģϲлųĿԣΪһ㣬ϹҲûпǹʲô飬ֻѡ
ǴҲһϾϹ׾ûеõĴ֮ǰŪ
ֻϹĹͷҲӲȻҧŲ⵹Ϲ׾еЩˡ
Ƭ֮ŵ
һ˹ȥͨèۿһ£һķվſڴ
ʲô飿ţӲʵ
Ƿʲô׳ŵѯʵƺһЩȽ
ʼ磬˼۵ŶˡǵϰеȺãԣ㶮á
ףסû¶ͺãʲôҪ벦ǿͷĵ绰ȸˡ֮󣬻Ȼ¶˹Цݡ
ȵת뿪̲֮סֹһ䣬λĿζذ


1043 ͺ̽
һϣϹ׾ҲûдϹĿеõʲôӵеϢ
Ϲ׾еЩ⣬Ҳûиеر⡣
ϾϹҲǼصֶ֮һЩѷɫĻҲܹΪһμߵģһССֿ϶ǲܹġ
ֻϹ׾߶ҲһЩǣϾڰ裬Լĵ̶ϣ̫ܶŵ̷Ļ׸һץס˰ѱڽϹһж϶һЩӰġ
Ϲŷ޸УҪص㾯ĶǲܷϹԼĵ̶ΪΪ
һǸץס˰ѱôɾͲýˡ
ǼһҪͳõĶϹ׾ԸոոϹһĸ·Ը
Լ˳֮Ϲ׾ͷĶˡ
Щ飬ԼĸȥǱȽϺʵģϹڱһҹ֮󣬾ѾһЩ㱵ļټһѾû׼ܹʹƣսߣõϹ׾Ҫ֤ݡ
ڼЩأϹ׾Ȼֻ֪û뵽ΪλãǾȻʹıμôӵֶΡ
ҪϼϹ֪µĻݺˣԻ⵽Ϊĳͷ
ӷ֮߳Ϲ׾ȥϴһ͸ϴԼݵʱͷԼɫЩҰ۾Ѫ˿ЩήҲĸо
վˡϹ׾ҡҡͷһԼͷȻϴ˳ѯʵСأ
СλҶһ𡣡»ش
϶ǣϹ׾֮󣬲ɵüͷʵ
ŮϹܿҶ֮飬Ϲ׾ֻ˵˽⣬Ƕ֮Ĺϵչʲô̶ȣǲģϾŮˣЩԼ׵ҲزǵʱϹܿһֱڴ½ǸطϹҵ˿ûжӰġ
Ӧӡµش
ϰ⣬ҲеðգֻǾʵش𣬱ϾϹ׾˼Ҳ²͸Ǵӳƶϣÿ׶ڹմԼŮļһ϶һЩ뷨ġ
ּ飬˻һЩΪá
Ϲ׾Ҳֻüͷѣû˵ʲôĻҲûΪһüͷ
ΪļϹ׾Ҫǵܶ࣬ŮϹܿϹ׾Ŀǣڰ޸ŷӵܣôһĻϹҿܻŷᣬƯס
ϧǣϹܿ鲻ģϲڵԸŮɱ֣ҲԸȥʲôģϹ׾еȽͷۡ
Ͼ˵ҲνΪϹܿĸףϹ׾ԼŮԸһҪǿŷ޵ңԺǳʲôǷôһĻǵ޷ﵽԤĿ꣬Ϲ鷳
ȻˣҲͲҪ̫ǿˣĻҶͷۡ
ϵʱϹ׾Ҷһ͡
ҶӵʱȴҲûоܾʵϹ׾뷨ҲеȤϾϹҪع飬ϹȻ֮أμϹ׾ҲǷǳҪġ
ܹõϹ׾Ĵֵ֧Ļø˳һЩ
Ƶ;Ǻܼ򵥵ţ̹ǲ֪Ϲ׾µȥڷζʽͣţպܵصԶҲĺܣҶ֮˵
ϹƽʱҲϲʽͣҶ֮òͽ˲ǣ˹ʵ
ҲǳԣϾڼˣ󲿷ֶϰ߳ţˡϹ׾ֵػشַʵƺ˵ڵˣҲʼıʳϰˣܹϴͳģǲ˰ɣ
һԵϹܿ˵ĶԻһЩܹŹֵĸоƺλͬżˣ˴֮䶼ڻ̽š
ҶĻȻѯϹ׾ǷѾȫԸعˣϹ׾ĻڱʾǴ½Ҳϴͳǵ괿Ļˡ
֮䣬ǴнٵģϹܿ˾ЩΡ
ڹһֱڸĸ￪ţԶҶҪһǶԺţʺԼţʺԼҪܹóȽϿѧĽҶҲ廨ͷŻشҸ˵ĸоԣţҲǴպӶѣҪǽһĻǶԺţոʤһ׷Ҳ˵ʳᾫڲϸĻȻҪڸ֮ģţʲôģʵˡ
˵ڵĿϵ»Ϳҵ֮ǻ𱬵úܣ˵˳ȥԵġҶĻشϹ׾ɵ΢Цŷ
ڿϵ»飬Ϲ׾Ҳû˵ʵϣʵȷʵˡ
ǵĿϵ»Ϳҵ֮νΪҪоάĳ̶ȣ¶ʲôܣҲʹ£ΪǴҳһ
ҶȻܷϴ£ֻǶ飬ҲԼĲͬ
Ϲ˵飬Ҳ֪ġҶʱҲ˵£Ϊ˳̫ʢҵĿȷʵͬ
ŶҶʲôͬϹ׾ЩȤطʵ
ʵϣҶķӦϹ׾Щ⡣
ΪϹ׾Ҷôüῡ壬Ƕģ޲ðԼĻƤһƤҶĸоͲͬˣƺҶҪǵĶ࣬Ķ࣬ԵĶࡣ
˵֮ǰϹ׾ԸҶ˵Ϊ˴ԼĻôϹ׾ϣͨҶ֮Ľ̸һôˡ
ĵ˿ڻʵ̫ˡҶϹ׾ֻ˵ôһ仰
Ϲ׾֮΢˼һ£ʱЦǰĺƱҶʾһ£ȻǱʾ˼
Ϲ֮ܿ󣬶ʱеЩȣ֪Ҷ˵Ļʲô˼Ϊʲôƺ𰸣Ƿǳӣ
ŮЩӣϹ׾ЦŽ͵Ҷ˼˵ڵ˿ڻ̫ˣϣһ£ôгǷǳġڵĿϵ»͵ĵǼ޵ģĶܲóԣҲûʲôӪǶûгԹǶԣһǿԵģԣȥγһ쳣𱬵ļ󡣡
ʵϣ˳֮⣬ԸȥԻͷĳˣǼ޵ġҶ˵Щ飬ֻ󣬲ϸڣ϶ֻܵóĴ𰸡
Ҷû˵ȥΪע⵽Ϲ׾黹ǱȽõģԼĴȷʵܹе⣬˵ʲôĻЩˡ


1044 ;ӷ˸ͷ
˸Ϊϵ١ϹܿҶ˵
Ŷҵ治֪Ҷ˵ͷ͸𳵵Ĵڣ濴˹ȥֻɽˮ羰ˣȷʵǸõط
Ϲܿԣ˸ǵ¹ҪĹҵںͽͨģǵ¹󺽿վ·ŦͬʱҲǵ¹Ľģ־Сŷмܲڴˡ
ΪһĳУ˸ǵ¹ҵ͸߿Ƽҵŷ޻һ֮أİٶС߰ٶұչ˾ԼڶĹ湫˾
ʵϷ˸ʮʮͣһֱǵ־ʵ۵ѡټᴦǰʮλʵᣬϻʵ۱Ϲܿ˵սʱڻսؽ֮γڵĹģһִˡ
ֻ˸˿Ҫٵöֻ࣬ʮ˿ڣұȲϻĹһ˿ڣһȴҲҶеЩꡣ
Զԣռ˸ϵƣعϡȻкҪһ
Թ÷ٵĳУ϶ڴ󽭴֮ϣˮӵϰߣҲһеġҶľ£˼˵
ҶԣڹڣҲ࣬󽭴ӵĳڣ϶һָĳУһǺҵͨһҲǳγɵˮӵϰЩϵ
ӦӵġϹܿͷشԴӻص֮ƺͱñȽϲϾڴˣˮѪ˵Щϵϵ
ǽϹع飬߶ĻҵҲܹˣܻҪ򣬼άֺ߶Ĳҵġ
Ȼˣ˵ҵܹάֶãԺķչӦóֵȶˣҲһʱܹ顣
үүǸʲôˣҶȻŤͷϹܿѯʵ
ϹܿͻȻҶ⣬Ҳе֮üͷشǲһۣʵϣҵļ䵱УүүѾˣһͻȻҪع½ȷʵǺܳϵ顣
Ҳ˵ʵһӡУүүѾһҰһˣҶЩʵ
ô˵ɡϹܿŬҪ׼ȷһϹ󣬡ƽʱٳǵǰżһ棬Ҳֻһ˵ԸЩ׽ͷӣȻȥӱȽϺͰǶЩѪɱǶԣ׾ܹо͵֮µѪҲǲԸӽҪԭ򡣡
ŶӡҶ˵ͷ˵Ϲǵֱϵм䣬ҲǱȽصһˡ
ҲѹˣϾǴǸˣǵ鱨ϹıеأҲ¡
ֻǶһ˵飬϶ͻ᳹׵ģҶǲϹһع飬ΪϹԶʲôˡ
ո˻֮󣬾дӵĳӭӡ
ǵ˵мϹҵμϹܿδż̳ѡԶĿˣ԰ڳôҲʲôֵ顣
·ʻһ֮ʻһռؼׯ԰
ׯ԰ɽԭʼɭ֣羰ɫƣﻨ㣬ľˣסͬȻ档
ɽϵɭжּС·ͨ˴ǳ㡣
Ҷرע⵽ģׯ԰Щ½ģӦЩͷˡ
Ϲڷ˸ׯ԰ʮ֮࣬һǹģϴһҲǼ徭ٿʱʹһ˰®˹ˣǵرȽһׯ԰ϹܿΪҶܵׯ԰ЩҲǱȽõͽڶսսнұ˵൱ѵˡ
Ҷ֮󣬲ɵ棬Ϊ֮ǰϹܹܿ˵Ƿ˸Ĵ󲿷ֹŴսлٻˣܹԱģǼϹܹôģһׯ԰УȷʵףڵصӰж
Ҳѹ˼˻żͷǣʵв˼ҵ淢չռˡ
߽֮󣬾Ӷӭ
һͷһ˿ȥֻҹܼһͷ˳Ϲ׾΢΢⡣
Ϲ׾ȻҲͷһȻѯʵ壬̫үǷѾˣ
̫үոջԸҵͷش
ϹܿһԵҶ˵λүүϹӣŷ֮󣬾ͳδܼҵְϹڲҲԪϼˣϹ׾һļʵȨɣڵǰҲǷǳģҪ˵ϹܿЩˡ
Ǿ͸ҶҵĵλˣҶ氵Թš
ȻҶǶҶҵ壬ҪһֱͨϵΪҪʵϾҶҲҪ嵱Դġ
СܿҶСһȥȥϹ׾ҶϹܿ˵
ϹԱ㡣ҶȻЩС¶ҲϹ׾϶ҪȥһϹ裬ȻܹǷҶ
ϾϹֹţӵҲҪͷӵ˼ġ
ǲûеȺܾãϹ׾ͳˣҶ˵ҸҶ뻻طò衣
áҶͷȻվϹ׾˹ȥ
ķܶ࣬Թһ㣬߶ǽͨкܶţÿ䷿ƺܹͨͨһֻ·ȥľͱȽϸˡ
Ϲ׾ҶϹ裬ʮŻ֮һǳµķ棬߶İɶʽ
޺Ͷ̼̤ԼռǽĺľͲżܹóȷʵǺںеҪԣҲںԼѪǵ
һǽ棬һЩյƬʲôģԿõ˵һЩò
ҶעһЩƬɵЩզܹ࣬óϹӰЩˣЩ˲õĴﰡǸԴ䣬ͳ˺üΣҪô˽˳е˺ӰҪôǾԱļӰ
ϹȻΪ˱Ƚϵ͵ÿγֵʱ򶼻һī˿͸ݣǴ̬ȴǿԷֱġ
үүϹүӣһλصĴҶоһƬ֮󣬾ͺЩпضϹܿ˵
ƽĶۣڴЩﵱУλ廨ͷһĻ˧֮⣬滹ûмλܹϹү൱ˣǷֻҪл˴ڵĵطܺӰ
Ҷ̫ˣҲǸ;ӷ˸ͷӶѡʱ򣬾һдԵ洫˹


1045 ұ
洫ҶɵվĿת˹ȥ
Ҳ˵Ҷûмʶ棬˵ķ㣬ʵгίĴҶƽʱˣ˽ĻҲ٣ȴҲûм˸ӰҪһЩ
ǰλͷӣȥʵûе̬ӣȻǿһͷ֮⣬ɫйʮ㣬ж磬ѹûʲô˥ϵļ
ҶеǳģΪϹͣ޲֣ĸֻҲӦýֻĵزʱп;ƿݣݺȥӦϹֳӡ
зΪҶãλϹүӣҲ֮Ļô̵ʱڣŷ޿سôĳ
ǵҶϹ˫Ŀʱ򣬾ͷλͷӵ˫ĿһǵļûУ糿һ̶һ䣬ƺܹ˵ȡȥ
ҶҲǼʶ֮Ȼһ֮¾ͷӦˣֶܿʺϹǰҶˡ
꿡壬˷ɣĽ½ȻǳӢۺܵĵطͷ´Ҷۣͷ޵ҶϹ衣
ϹǰáҶȫָˣЦʺȻ˵ҵʱ䶼ܽţҾͿżɽֱ˵ˡһǴǰϹǰģϹǰźʱ䣬ڽһ
ҶĻ湻ֱӵģȻ˵ϹȷʵֹǿԸҲɳϹܿ½̽·ֻǵʱأܶ˶ҿӣΨָԼ鷳
Ҷһͺȷȷʵеҵˡ
Ͼ׻Ӧ˵
Ϲ׾ϹܿŮˣͲɵñ˴εػ࿴˿˵λҶҶٵҲе̫żһЩ
ϹΪϹҵϼ˶Ĵ֮һ˲£ĹҶҲñʾ̬ɣ鱨֮ŷ޴ŵĿߵݣﶼ˾Ŀꡣ
ݣϹȤȴ⣬ЩؿҶʵ
ϹеЩ棬ϹܿҲеЩ棬֪Ҷںʲô
һݣܳү֮УϹǰġҶ˵үȻҲҲǸϹǰйʱۣ󣬹㣬ܹҲһԵ
˵ǳСѰɣȷʵй֮ԵҲǹˡϹ˵ͷϿҶĵһݡ
ڶݣгίǵļУоٽֳݣϹǰҶ˵ȻֻǸٽݣǿǵӰ⣬͵һЩǱȽϺõģ֪ǰΪΣ
ҲϹ΢΢ͷʮͷٽڵҲ֮ţδǰ;˵൹մˡ
Ȼ˵ϹѾãǶϵһЩ黹˽ģȻ֪ڸ涼滯֮ҪΪһжôףҪ˵ǶʮͷٽһǸ½ౣĻеٽֳˡ
ǰҪһʮٽ飬ҲҪѹס˵ģҪ˵ʱˡ
ɴ˿ɼҶȷʵӭϹʸ㹻ˡ
ݣǴҶǰġҶ˵ʱ̽ϵʱϹҪع飬ǷǳӭģһЩĶҲôĻϹڲ϶вٷԵļòϡԣҴҶֻ֤ҪҶһڣͻάϹҵİȫ
Ҷ˵֮Ϲ׾ϹܿŮ϶Щɫ
˵Ҷ˵Ǵ˴½ԪѫԼȨҶ˵ģݵһأ˶ˣҪ˵Ҷͬʱݣ˸е𶯡
Ӧ˵½ֳĳ⣬൱ġ
Ϲ׾Ҳû뵽ҶȻͬʱȴʼδ֮£ԭֻΪҶǴҶҵ̬ȵġ
ʵϣҶҵ֧֣Ϲҹ֮£Ҳûж谭ˣõ˳үӺ֧֣ô۴һǣϹҵĻع鶼ˮɡ
Ҷ˵ĸĶȻָϹЩù⡣
ӸǣϹڲؽƯףҶҪ󲢲֡
ȻϹ迴˿Ҷֿ˿Ϲ׾ϹܿŮȻŶҶ˵ȻˣѣԵЩСǼˡ
ϹȻúԭһ׵飬ΪҶĲ룬ϹҵĻع쳣˳Ȼ˵Ҷ˵ǿ϶Ҫھ÷һЩòģǶϹԣǮʲô飬治ʲôˡ
ڵͣҲʲôôͷһgѡ
˵֮䣬ͽϵ
Ϲ˼һҲһƼĸо¾;綩ɻƱֱɹڡ
Ϲ׾ϹܿŮϼһ£;һɻԼȽϺʣϹҵڶ࣬ڹģһܷɻҲܹˣú˷ѡ
ȻˣǾôˡҶЦ˵
˳ҶҲǾñȽϿĵģΪϹİţϹҵĵһʴͶʣУΪҶƽְҵһŨ
ȻˣеͶʻõģϹͶʣҲǷǳһ⣬Բǣ˵˫Ӯĺ
ҶĹ룬Ϲҹ֮󣬱ЩڰؾصذⳡϵķչΪرҶһΪϹҵαɡ
ΪҶϹӵо޶ƸĴ壬ûǿıɡ죬Ǿһ⣬˭˶̲סҧһڡ
ûҶδάܹ淢չ
ɵЭ飬ϴġ
Ӧúúúһףһ¡ϹܿЦ˵
Ϲ׾׼˵ʲôʱ򣬾űƿˣͷĵ˽ɫЩ԰׵˵ϹȺСӣˣ
ʲôϹ׾ˣɫҲһ䣬Ȼû뵽
ˣеЩ⣬ǺܳģͻȻ˱˰Χļ˳ͻȷʵǱȽϺġ
ǺڵڧҶȻûʲôɫȴеֹ


1046 Լ
ڵڧ
ԺȷϢҵɫôÿ
Ϲ׾ΪŭΪȾ˱˰ܵ飬ڼ˱ƹǿ벻̣
ϹıԵñȽϵһЩĵ̶ϼܻһЩ׼ģ򶨵ضԵ˵ȻҪɽͷ˵ҲˣҪŪüëѼѪôѿеˡ
үӣû뵽ϹСӾȻôĵӡҡͷ̾ϢȻСͺļƣȴҲûϵ
ӣϹıվŵУһϹڵĴڣĻôҰҸףϹܿɵò
ڸϹ׾ڰ豻Ϲһ£Ϲܿһֱûз£ʱַ飬ȻƶһȻóϹϹʵһ֮ѵĽ
򿪼ϹүӵȵúܣԸ
˵ͷҲ֪ʲôط˼֮󣬷ǰһǽϣͳʮĻӸǶϽΧʵط
ҶҲע⿴˹ȥͿΧֵЩǣٶˣ׼㣬ûж֮⣬˵Ѿװϡ
ҲǳصģȻԶֻ࣬ʮˣȴνȻס˶Էҽ
һǿԿ϶ģǾǶԷ׼㣬һпкԮڵҩǶ̰壬δؾܹʤԤϡ
Ϲ۲ص㣬ȴǼͷϡ
٣СӣСӣСӣû뵽֮УȻôļһҵľȻȷģһ뿪طϹҲܹԱ档ϹЩ֮Ϥף֮ȴǳѪζ
Ҷüͷ˵ϹڶһĽ棬ǳ⣬Ļôֵģˮأ
鵹Ǻеɻ󣬲ɵýĿתɫصϹܿϡ
ǽĳ̶̫ˡϹ֪ܿҶҪʲôҲֻܵóôһȽģĴ
Ҷ˵ͷһһͬ˫ȴԻԷǿôյµĽҲֻǶѹ磬ѹ磬ûкƽĿԣôϹҵһͻӦǱȻ顣
ʱǹͻȻͣ
žͼ˾һ죬ű߶˹
ڸʲôãϹ׾Ա߶һ·Ը
Ȼ˵ϹϹ׾ϾǼ⣬ǱȽϺʵѡ
˵ˣϹһˣҲԸЩش򽻵ôĻ̫ʧˡ
ȥ˺ܿͰð˸ˣҲһˣǼֱϵֻһϸߵĹ¡
ϹǷͨ뺡˵ĵӵǴúܣҲ£ҲûϹ׾μݣûһԵϼϹ衣
ʵϣϼϹˣ࣬ǼЩǣϹĴҲǼ޵ģôϹһֱǴڱ״̬֮С
ôĿϹСӸ𣿡Ϲ׾һ
Ϲ֮ţֶθ߳쵼ϹĻȻϹΪһĳ塣˵ϹԶó֮λĻ滹ǿԱһЩģڼҵеЩɷݣٷ֮Ϊϵķá
Ϲ׾ڼڲռеĹɷݼֵӦϰң˵°ٷ֮ϷѣҲ˵ˣֻϹ׾Լ϶Īĳ裬ȻܴӦ
ΣбµĻԼðɣһҲϹ׾ŭ
Ա߶Ϲȴ˰ֵСҪҲǲԣֻҪߵҾ͸ᣡ
ôһڣϹ׾ڵˣʱ;ˡ
ǾŰˣʱע⵽ĺ׷ͯյͷӣֹһ£ЩŽɵѯʵĪϼϹ
õ˿϶Ļش֮ͱʾȻˣҾ˻ظˡ
ȵ뿪Ϲ׾üͷʵףѵ˵Ĵ㣿
ϹȨж󣬹û˭Ϲ׾Լˣ̳ϻǵм䣬һӵϵȨʱ˵ΪһεΣ֣ʹӦϹڳΪμĻЩһӶ
ʧɾʹˡ
ϹѾںЩ֮ˣأ
¶ĺ˵ϹЦЦƺǲΪȻСӵĻδһμѡҪϹҵĺڵҵûеɱϵǣ϶ǲеġ
Ҷʱеˡ
ԭϹ貢Ҫ򵥵ؽ֮λøҵϹڣҪҵָڵľǺڵģ׵ľǰ׵ġ
ôһĻȿԷϴ½߶ҪܹһչϹڵ˵Ұģνһãûʲô취ô׽Ϲڲìˡ
ûн췢飬Ϲ軹ҪԽȥһ˭ִƴȨϾ˭˭ףֱģ治ý
ǾϹôһ֣ͷӵ˼̾ͶȻϹϲúڵֶ¶ôЩùҵɡ
ȻϺģһˣȻһͿС̴Ǿ
Ҷֹ˼䣬ͼſڴ߽һʮӣЩ׳˶ҲǺģȥһࡣ
ϹڣҶЩȵԵϹܿ
ǵġϹܿϹڣС͵һ˺׾ͱԻסΪǸֱˬûĻˣʵȴ෴ģƼû˭ܹµ͸Ҫʲô
ү常壬ˡϹڵ˵ĸо˵ĳǸҶʶλӦЩʵӲģʮ㰡
ϹϹֶһϾϹҵ˿ڶ࣬񣬵Ϲ赱ʱϵӵܾѾܶˣŷ߶֮־˺ܴķչڼ˿ڿǧңбȽӸλҲϰˡ
Ϲڣϰеٮٮߣӵкܴܼ̳м֮λѡ
Ϲڣ㷸ңѾ˼Ĵɣ֪ˣһʵ
ԭǵ壿Ϲڿ˿壬Ц˵үҹ̸Ǽ飬˵ЩϻĻǾȫûмıҪһɢ󿴿˭ȭͷӲһЩǸʡ¶


1047 Ϲ
ԭǵ壿Ϲڿ˿壬Ц˵үҹ̸Ǽ飬˵ЩϻĻǾȫûмıҪһɢ󿴿˭ȭͷӲһЩǸʡ¶
ԵʣϹڲûзϡ
ռ˾ƣ֮ûнŴΪڶݵĽӴֱ֮ķʵҲǱȽǿģһʱ֮ò
Ȼһľ룬ȴҲѱע⵽﷢ǹս˾ֻ֣һƽı
Ϊսپһ±ЩˣϹھգүϹ辿ʲôҪ˵
ϹڶϹ˽Ϲں˻ǱȽϿصģڵϹһֱûܹȡͻԵķչΪμϹ׾ݣճ࣬ȡ㡣
ǸûһļִˣϹڵһᡣ
뵽ϹҲ壬ҲûϹ׾ȥǽĿֱӶ׼˺׷ͯյϹ裬򶨵˵ү˷ųģСԼˣǲܹŵԣǹϵүһӢ
в𣿡Ϲ۾ضϹʵ֪֪Χһаǹֻ֣Ҫһ£Ǿܹɥ
ƺΪϹĻֻΧӰͻȻ֣һּգ־ĵںڰ֮С
ôǹ䵱ڣʵеСˡϹڼˣȴû¶ʲôӳıе֧䣬Ϲҵ⣬ܹڵĻϣʮٷֵ㡣
ԲѣѾǴɱɱʱˡϹ׾һˣɵúһ
Ϲ˵ԼܹϹҵʮٷֵ㣬֮˵Ϲ׾μû˾ţﾡãǼְϹ׾Ȼ¶õı飬Է
ȻǴɱɱˣǴɱɱгҪȥġϹ̾ͷ༥ЩԹʹڵĵ·ȻڣԺҲڣϹһֵҵǻܹϹ𣿡
Ҷһˣ;ͦ˼ġ
Ϲڣ֮ǰխ෴˵Ǻеͷԣ߱˲ߵ·ӡ
ϹҶϴݣ׼ϰˣƫƫúڵȻпΪʾڲͬصˡ
Ҷ˼Ȥ
ƽĶۣȷʵǴɱɱʱˣҲͬϹ˵ͬ벻Щˡ
ڰԶͬʱڵģһѣȱκһǲܵ顣
Ϲô̯ӣȫת׵չҲкܴҶԼǲţЩ˫մѪɱǣ԰ؼȥ⡣
ûжǽһͷóȻĻǻ󻼵ģҲҶĵһ顣
ôʱϹұңһ¶ٿԽЩìܼʱȻҷֵʲô͸ʲôţҲ޺֮ǡ
Ҳδ̫һЩ㵥һ˴˽޴ֻһ仰顣Ϲ׾Ϲ˵
Ϲ׾Ļ£ͳһǹ֣еɳĮ֮ӥѾεϹڵΡ
̫үȻӦҪ㣬ҿûǡϹ׾һ
һ֣ǹѾ˱գƺʱӵţϹڵԴ
ȻˣλбľģôҲˡϹЦһԼ·˿ˣʱһ
ֻ·棬ϰըҩ·һϲ֪ʲôʱҲһСɵң
ȻһˡҶˣҲɵüͷ
ֲϹܹΪϹһźѡˣȷʵˢӣҲеԣؼľǹݣܹԼű˸ᣬǷһˣ˭ҲԸ
ֻǣϹҽУĺأһ㣬ҶҲеȷ
ϹڳΪϹҵļ൱ڰѺ˰ť˷ӵС
ҶôȻ䣬Ϲ迪ˣȴǶϹڣҲǶϹ׾ǶҶ˵ġ
ôһϹڵĿ⣬ɵþתƵҶϣλϹܿжķǳӣȻеļµĸоֱ˲ǡ
ˣϹôͻȻʼһַǳеļأ
ҶϹھ;Щ˾Ǵðģ
ת뵽Ϲܿȥ˴½ȥ̽·һҶҵߵñȽϽϢʱһ˿򣬲ɵѿ֤ʿҶҵҶ٣
ϹϢǷǳͨҶҲе⣬Ϲ֮ܿ飬֪˲̫࣬ϹԶڵ¹ȻҲܹ֪飬ȷʵеϡ
ɴҲԿλϹҵ׳ɣȷʵмʵ
ҶȴûмϹ˵Ϲ΢΢׵˵Ϲҵļ£²ùʣΪ˫֮ĳͻܻӰ쵽ҵϼƻϹǰѯ֮£·㿴ƺҲʲô¶
Ϲ˵ͷ˼˵û⡣
Ϲ׾üͷȻΪʲô׻Ὣ齻ҶϣȻϹѾ˾ôӵģҲʲôĿҲվ
˵Ϲڣ֪Ҷ֮󣬵е󵭶ˡ
ûҶֻһûʲôвͨˣϵӡ̫ŨˣҶҵļ̳˰ŷޣԻڵķչͷŷ޸üȥģеĽײϡ
˵Ҷҵļ̳߶飬ô¹Ĳ˳ˮֱۣӳǸˣһͻһ飬һû̲ѾѾõϹҵľ޶ƸֶΪ
ɵ֮ϹڶҶɾͿ˶ˣ˵ҶվֹĻȻܹõ˳
Ҷ˲ɵðЦϹȻǶЩ˼ɣȿ϶ĵλִ£ֵƨм䣬һ̫ƫˣôϹƣҲЭġ
ôһҶҪһԽˡ
ΪĽҪ˵˫棬ǲĳһԼ̫ԿеģĻȽصķ
һ֮˵ڵӦöԿûг·ģֻʯ٣ֻкƽЭ̲ΨһĽ
ԣ˫Ļ֮ϣһԺĽ顭ǾǡҶˣһһ˵Ϲҡ


1048 ȭͷ˵
Ϲң
ҶĻڳ˵УϹޱ飬²ؼ֮⣬˰ϹڣǳһȻҶ飬кܴ顣
Ҳͬ⣡Ϲ׾Ⱦ;ܾ飬ϹҴǧ֮ãûзѹҵϷѣôкĿȥµڣ
ϹڶڲֵĽҲǲģҪһǿϹңֻͼһֺαشôĹأ
˵ϹңǴһԪˣܲŷ⣬Ҫ˵̳кͷչˣǼֱǳ˵Ρ
Ҷ뷨еʵˣֿԵĻɽͷͬЧֺαΪѸλϹҲԥ˵
ҶϵǻķӦǾ˹ؽ˵Ŀǰܹ뵽Ľʽˡ
Ҷ棬ΪϹֻһͨʶѣǶǶԣϹҾʹһѪһһǧĴСϹ׾Щ󵭶˵ϹңζѪʹв٣Ľ飬޷ܵġ
ϹҲʾȻϣִϹҵ쵼ȨȴҲϣϹҴӴ˷ѣʧȥ˴ͳϹңʲôôأ
λΪ鲻Ϊȫˣ⵹ҸеЩѰˡҶ֮󣬵ûΪԼĽ鱻еƣ΢΢Ц˵ôʵڲеĻֻȭͷȭͷһˣ˭ܹվ˵˭ǻˣΣ
ǣϹˣȴЩطʵѵ˵ҶҲҪ뵽ⳡˮ治ɣ
ȻȻҪִ֣ôԣҶһָһľˣϲΪܣϹҲҪһȭɽԺ߱׶԰Ķԣ㡢ϹܿңˣһȭűԣΣ
Ϲڿ˿Ҷֿ˿ͬЩ㵵Ϲܿ濪ʼ
һϹڣȻǻӣпãʵֵϹ棬һգΪûֻܹǽϹҲٳ֣ԴҲΡ
ϹܿȻŮˣһĹҲ൱˵ãټĻԶıǳܣҲܳΪһμѡ
Ϲڵ棬Ȼ֪ϹܿԼĶ֣Щ㹷ǶϣҲδؾܹԸϹڣǲµġ
ɶҶϹڵûжٸˡ
ʵΪСͻȻð鲻õϢΪҶҵӵܣ٣λȨأֲ䣬Ҷʲôطܹѧأ
Ϲ룬ܾҶἸɢʲôģ˲ʲôпõĺڴ֮棬Ҫ˵湦򣬾ʮͷӣҲûǵ
ȻˣҶƨһϹкξ壿ϹһԼûʲôƿԣ˶ϣһٵ춨ԼϹμĵλҲôһ
ϹڻԴ֮УŲҶһ£ΪǺģҶϹܿ϶һģҲ£ԼȫӦϹܿҶ˫ع⵹ϹԴ󣬶ȷʵʵ
㾡ܷĺˣǲ㳵սһһѭҶЦ˵
ʲô˼ϹڽĿתϹϣ̽ʵ
Ȼ˵ѾҪȡλãǶλһǰϹ裬滹мּɵģҲ̫ˡ
ӼϹ׾ȴԸϹ̫񣬱ϾϹĵӰ£ϹҲнôǿϹһĻǾͺ֧ôĳˡ
Ǿʹ¡ϹĻشǼ򵥵úܣԵ赭дƵᣬȫ²ؼ˵ɡ
סϹ׾ˣеżɵÿںһϹ衣
ϹܿŮϹ׾Ȼ֪ԼŮˮƽΣ˵ĴɱֶΣϹܿ϶ռƵģڱȵȭͷӲȭͷС治ʲôġ
ҶСӣţţʲôսأ
ǶһҲԲǴСܹʵսϴϹڵĶ֣һϹ׾Ƿǳ϶ġ
Ҳ֪ҶǲǱ¿ˣȻôһİ취򵥴ֱҶԼԱ
Ϲ迴һŵı飬治ɵЩ̾Ϣ˵Ϲ׾ȻԼĶӣɱϵԸȴûŴ٣¾һ֣سӣؾ棬ͲһЩ
Ϲ׾ֹϹֻһָͷһơ
Ϲ׾ɵýĻָ˻ȥ
׵뷨һǺ˽ģȻϹʹˣȴһͿȻͬ취Ǿ˵ʲôŵϹ׾ûпġ
ȻˣҲֻʱϹˣ̬չ
ŲԼķչʱٳҲ١Ϲ׾氵ǹˣʵڲеĻǹ뷢ֱӰϹڴˡ
ǳ䲻ĻϹδؾܹùȥֻ¶ըҩȴôˣһǹͷС
ȻˣҲʲôƵˣ죬棬׽顣ϹڿϹܿ˵
ûаҶս棬ǶԼã΢һЩɵϾϹһɱŮţƽ׵ģϹܿȷʵƺţʵ
ȻˣǾͱȰɡϹܿȴҲûжٿǵʱ䣬Ҷİţ游ϹҲ׿ˣô˳ҲϹҵ·
ңϹȷʵûн֣治֪˭Ǽһĵһ֡
Ϲʹô󣿡Ա߶ҶͻȻ˵ˣָָȫװϹڵ
ţϹˣȻüͷ
ڵϹڣϰһȦըҩⶫǳĹأҲ˺ܴӰ죬ȽŶ첻Ҳ̫ˣĻʲôġ
Ȼ⸱״̬Ϲڣ൱ڱֽźΣܻûϹܿ
ȰЩ㹷Ķж˵ɡҶ
ҲáϹڵ˵ͷҲתһ;еԾˣҶٺһЦҶ˰Щжôпܰȫ߳Ȼһư
ϹķӦҲô룬еС֮ĶȾ֮ˣ˴ûйǸ˼ҶЦЦаСӹȻȽϻ飬ԼһСӣȻȥҲǸ˲Ű


1049 Э
Ա߶ļ˿ˣȴвͬ
Ϲ׾ϹںҶĶԻҶΪʲôҪȭͷ⡣
ȫըϹڣҲηܵ˺ܴƣܴùϹܿҪӮһԵĻͱҪЩըһЩըôԱ֤Լọ̈̄Ҳʧȥá
һҶ飬ǳϹϵըȥģϧľǣϹСҲƻͲ
ˣϹڲѵըϹܿҶҲ㶯֣һһ߲ʵĻ˿ɶһҲܲˡ
Ϲһ£ʹ溰һ¹ҵը
쿪˫ۣһң½ըȻŰңӸ˭ҪʲôС֪Ӧôġ
ǣסµǴӦúʹ졣
ʵϣܹϹڵĸʹõ϶ҲȥȫǿԷĴ󵨵ȥãһϣϹҲ㹻š
OKڿʹʹһˡϹŤŤӣ˸°͸°͵ȭһ£ڳһȭֵ̬
Ϲܿ˿Ϲڣܸɴ˵Ҵ򲻹ԶȨˡ
˵֮ϹܿʹȦ˳ȥҶϹм䡣
ʵҲȷʵˣϹܿȷʵϹڵĶ֣˭ҲóֻⲻսˣҲϹ׾޹⣬Ͳɵó£Ȼޱơ
ôҶ֮䣬бҪôһ𣿡ϹڿҶʵʵ
ʵϣϹڲûаҶϣ֮ԲԸ⶯֣ǵԼĳ̫أһҶˣǻ鷳¶
Ȼ˵ĺŷ޵ĹϵǺǢǧҪСһ֮ʩӸһӰֻҪҶҷƵ¹Ҳÿһ£Ϲɵºڶˡ
ϹԸԵģѾվڼĸ߶ˣԸӰ춼Ҫ⿼ǡ
ҶˣܲǣòҪȥ
ҲֻˡҶЦЦȻˣΪλ֣
Ļû£Ѿ˱仯һö˴߶ȡ񾭶صĸ룬˲ϹڵڣûüӦʱеңѾ˸ߡ
ܵըҲڵһʱڱ˳ȥ͵˰ȫĵط
ʲôϹڼˣɵһ
û뵽Ҷôһֶ¶쳣ɱϣǼѪľˣĻͲ涼ûд򣬾Ͱĸ¸Ūˡ
ϹڸеǳûڣΧҲܽϹǸڱ棬ƫƫҪʲôӢۣҪһٻϹҵͳ쵼ȨȴûϵҶôһƵˣļƻ
ʱ򣬳еѾ˵ˣΧİ֧ǹŶ棬޷ж벽
ĵôô󣿡ϹڿЦǧ֮ӣã뵽ֻˮ棬ʲôôοðôķգֵ𣿡
ղŵϹڵ¶һңĻôˣһҲӵٵˡ
ϹΪģҶôģһ֪ͨǳ֣
Ϊһζʱ棬ϹڲûзҶκθ罻ļôأϹڵеЩͿ
зյ飬һǲȥģзǳĻرҶЦЦֻһΣҲʲôաȻ¿ûбľġ˵ķӦʱҲôһɲǶѣϸ˵ңʹõ񾭶صķʱ䣬ֻ룬ټҪһǲʱ䣬ʱԴĻܹܶġ
ڿƺѶˡϹ׾ʱ˵ǳ泩
νϹڱ׽סˣôһΣȺףͺðˡ
㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣûңҲδؾ͸ǵָӡϹڿϹ׾˵
ȻЩϹڴģҲĺǴʱϹڳ֮ôǷָܹӵöЩˣִͺ˵ˡ
û׼ЩһգʹѱƽˣҲпܵ顣
ϹǰʱҶͳϹ˸к
ҶϹҲ˵ͷл뽲
ΣӦӮ˰ɣ֮ǰԼӦȻЧҶѯʵ
ӮˡϹ˵ͷԲ־ͷͬ
Ϲ׾ȻԸ⣬ǴʱȥҲþܽϹڣǾҪǷҲ£û׼ͷһܾ˵³Ҳû˵
ϹǷҵĲַҶϹڵ
ˣһܲͬ𣿡ϹڿЦҲûϵҶô̵ʱڣȻôܵİţһһӵظںˣԼ
ˣϹھϵ⣬ֻƾ˼׸ķݶˡ
Ȼ˫û飬ҾҵĲַˡҶ˵ͷȻʼ̸ԼĹ롣
ʵϣվϹҵĽǶϿ⣬ƽõİ취ֻ漰һķ⣬Ͳô״ˡ
Ϲܣͱü򵥶ˣҶȻؾĲַ
ԼϹڽΪϹŷĻˣ̳Ϲŷ޵ĵԼٷ֮ʮĲƸʣµԴ򻮷ֵϹܿ£ΪµϹţʼ½תơ
ȻˣȻǺƽЭ飬˫֮ìҲʹսᣬкĻᣬҪԵˡҶܽ
Э飬Ϲ׾΢ʣڷϹҶ꾭ӪĺڵЩĵģֻϹѹţϹ֧֣ܿǱܿˣǾųɵĲƸԱ棬Ӵ˿ר׵չҲһ׮¡
ϾϹңҪ˵棬ֻҪϹܿúʣҲͰˡ
һε֮Ϲ׾ԼĳЩȷʵЩˣڵǣһһɫ֮ö̶ʵ˲á
ʱѡȥԼҲһľ
ϹȻԼһõǮһЩƱǿǰҲֵֻܽοľԵõϹŷ޵ĵ˫ͻĻյֵ֮ܶһ
Դⷽƽ£Ӧ˫Ӯľ档
ӽϹҷΪ֧ϹΪ½ϹܿΪǣͳϹү˵ϣкĻᣬ⵶ǹ򣬱ϾһѪӡ


1050 ڸ
ϹںϹܿ˴ӱ߳ʱ˾ף飬Ժƽա
Ҷûоúʧ䣬ϾɱĿģҲΪѣѾ˳ЩˣĿѾﵽҲͳˡ
Ǿһ֮ϹǧĴ壬ڷѡ
ԸعȻ٣ϣµҲܶ࣬ھһϸо֮󣬼ƲķָʽѾִܹе̾ʹȥ嶼һ쳣æµ״̬
үӣû뵽׼ĶȻûõϣ¶ķչеˡϹĺ棬Ժתơ
ϹȻ꣬жȴûһļŲڻ԰ţƺڿʲô⡣
˵Ļ֮Ϲͣ˵øõĴʽַòһҪŪѪܵġһҶò
ǰڵˣȷʵ˲áҲͷǵԭҾϹܿϹǾѾܲˣû뵽иɫ
ϹĲǣԼҵĵ̶ϣ϶ûܹжַƷʹãԷƺĻҲ޷֤ͺҶĺƽ֮Ӧ˵֮ѡûбĳͻ˹أҲûϹҵ⵽صںʧǷϹġ
ĵشﲩ˲ŲʮأƺеʱˡϹп˵Ҫ̾͸ϻȥһķǷɡ
ķеˡƲƲ˵ǰľɣ˺ܶණǱ¥ܶϷʲôĶˣҪҵԭ֭ԭζĸоҿˡ
˵ɣ˵Ǳ߶һЩϹڴ
ף塣ʱϹ׾˹
Ӧһ˵˾Ǹģߵһ߶
Ϲߵ԰ʯǰȻкϹ׾һ˵
ôͻȻж˼صһʱ֮ǲǸеЩӦϹ迴ԼĶʵ
ӣϹ赹Ҳû̫ߵʵôЩϹ׾ҵҵؾӪҵûйҲпͣһȽس֮ˣϹ֪ԼӵΣܹزҲͿˣԶûʲô֮ġ
ðɣʵȥ£ûʲôȣҵĿ֮ҪࡣϹ׾ش
šϹͷ˵ϹңϷޱȣӴʽԣǻǺܶģĲ¼ɣִѹĿܣҪչҪҵһΪг˻ģﻹҵΪгأ
Ϲ׾ڸ׵뷨ҲΪ˽⣬ͬٵìܣֻûϹľģԸһΪۣҲҪƸӣص½ȥ
ߣԵģǼڲķˡϹ׾
⻰Ҳ޵ķʸϾΪһӴļ壬Ҫʽ˲ԴתƵ½ȥɲһ׵飬ҪѺܶȥΪ㣬ȻԸ;ﵽعĿġ
շãûᣬеãϹ
һ֮Ϲ軰һתϹ׾ҶΣ
֡Ϲ׾֮󣬺ϸ˼һӣڵóôһ
֣ϹˣЩЦϸһ룬Ӹ𰸣ƺе׶
Ҷͺ;ֱ֣ȷʵ֡֡
ҿСܿƺе˼Ϲ˵
⣬үүȴǲ˵ϾĴԣЩҪһ⡣
˶óϹܿǸҶһ𣬾ͺҶһоʲô֪
ҶûжʲôĻҲˣϹϵˣҲܹɾһζԵǺҶѾôϹܿôţеͷˡ
Ҳ¶ôϹ׾֮ҲеȽϿգֻڵǣеһˡǸʱǽĸ֮ý֮ԵģôɾôɣǵҪֵĻøӸ
Ϲ׾뷨ȷϾҶ߶˶ãϹܿΪμ߶ٳһ¼ǨƵĴ£ⲻһʱܸġ
ԣֻҪ˷ֿˣ߹һӣҲ͵ˣڲ֣ҪͨͷȵķֹǵĸͣǺܺõ⡣
ҵ˼Ϲˣȴֵˣˡ
ˣѲǻǱƶһ£һɲ񰡣Ϲ׾Щ
䲻಻ԶӡϹ˵ͷҲСɣֻҶ֪࣬Ǹٵ亱ʮģСܹܿңõĺôһҪ޸ͨǿˡ
ϹܿȻǳµļǴҶֻ֪һʱڵֶΣȵʱļ֮ϹܿȻжӣΪҪ˵ģһ֮ȻͲʺٵְ
ΪιԵʣϹܿҲҵһĶôһ˽飬ҶȻûʲô֣ȴҲܹ̤ʵȡ
ҪǣγʵҶܲϹ϶һЩ˼ϹܿλʱҲƳ٣ԱܹΪһεļʱ䡣
ֻҪϹܿҶû취飬ֻҪһ첻飬ܹ˳ؼϹҵļǷϹϹ׾ǵĺġ
Ϲ׾վϹܿ׵ȻôкôҲҶ˵Ů˰ɣССĶУ
ʵ飬ҲҪ̫ĹǡϹȻǵǸʱһɹ˵ı󣬲һѵŮˣҲҪ֮Ե֣Сܿû˼Ҳˣ˼һҲǻ¶ܱʲôҲ̲һҪõöࡣ
⻰ƺҲеϹ׾Լ°ͣʼôеĸоأ
𣿡ϹϷŵĲԼһˮɫطҹ̫˰ɣĹѹǴһЩҪúϢϢˡ
Ϲ׾ſڣ˵ʲôȴ֪˵ʲôˣ֮ܶŪеġ
Ͼÿһ׶ϣԼŮȥ˼ҵķġ


1051 ;ĵ
Ϲҵһڧ֮Ҷڣò˳һ졣
ҲҶһιĻᣬٹ˽ȥʿһƺδŮļƻˣΪҶһӣҪҲֻܹǸϹڣôǷ
ˣһҶŷ֮УԲˡ
Ϲܿ׼ĴлϳԷʱҶͷһ⣬ϹϹ׾Ըӣû¶ǹسԼһۣʱƺʲôıһ㡣
ҶеȽϾ衣
游еԾҶһ߶õ滮ţţһ߶նϹܿ˵
ǣ϶˭ءϹܿȴѾ˾ռˣڴһֻȴ֪һϹϹ׾ҪƵĶԼ
ҶҡҡͷҶЩ̣ɵ۶䣬˵䷢̣Լ
ЩƷʲôģҶ˴۽磬ûȷʵͬһ㣬ÿһ˶ǳģɼϹҵĳҲõ
ֻҶĿһ£ͷ͵ǰЩʳ棬϶߱˼Ĺܣ׻˵ǴģеЩȻ˵Ҫأ֪ͣûŮͬô͵ҩû¶¶
ҶԷʱ򣬾еˣֻ˵ˮɳ߲ҶʲôģӣţҲʲôĴ֮ȴǾԶ֮ˡ
Ϲܿȴûע⵽һ㣬˼֮Ƚ泩Ҳ˼˫ճ˱Ƚ˵ķۺɫ
Ʋɫ԰Ҷע⵽ԵϹܿɫı仯Ҳɵúܸпֹһ䡣
ϹܿǺջŮһ΢˵ƣԵܽüɫƣҹȾ£֮һʫ˴󷢵ĸо˼ӴƣȻޱȵܡ
Ҷ˯ṳ́ʵֻǺҹʱĹһֱиͣķ
֮󣬾ԺӶ˵ϼŵĹʣʣ֮󣬾Ϳܵòˣһϡ
˵лȻᣬ˵磬˾ϷеĹʺ࣬һ̤˹֮;
ȵɻл֮˾Ϳ˻˾šһӭϹŸпšĺʵǲС
ֶϹү˿ֶЩп˵һ䡣
Ա߶ҶˣɵЦЦ˵Ϲ뿪ʱ򣬻õķ֣ʱٻѾ˷ǣǧ֣һ
ȥ̨ĻǾûô׺ɣĸпˡ
Щ½һֱʹü֡Ϲ׾һ˵
Ȼ˵Ϲ׾Ѿж˼ְ񣬵Ϲܿŷ˸ͳһУǨƻع飬Ϲ׾ͳͬϹүӵĵһˣΪӣ飬ҲԴ
Ϲڴ½ҲһЩ֧Ȼ࣬ҲڻӪ֮еģԶڴ½񲢲İϹ׾ԼҲܹĶдɵ¡
Ϲȴ˵ʵ뿪½֮ǰҲһֱкּ򻯣ֻûдģʹöѣһķѵĹңȻһ㡣
⵹ҲǡϹ׾˵ͷȴֹүŸոջص½ʹ㿪ʼ޸ˣ˲Ű
˵߶Ҳ˲ٴӭϹˡ
ίͳսί鳤ضڻˣͬĻаһλǮΣȻɲȴĴ˵ӡ
аǮǴģΪϹǳүӷ룬а췽϶˺ҲҪȫ̲룬ҴҶı˵Ҳܵаεֱ쵼ġ
ǴͳսϵͳϹ˵Ļعʾ˻ӭͳһսһ󷨱֮һҪʼռֵģҲˣֹؼʱ̣ԵǵĵλҪ
ί鳤أǴίҶƽǰӭϹˣȻ棬ʵȴҪһλ
Ϲһع֮Ӧðʲôطй֮ĽӴ⣬Щ鶼Ҫ԰ŹʵģϾ˼ҲԶع߶İòĺš
ϹǰԽ䣬عȫ£ίǰӭοʣӭǰعӡǮϹ֣Ц˵ʲôý飬һŰ졣
лĹģֱղŻعȻܹڹҲ˴ԸˡϹʱǱֵһλӵİһȥҲЩ޾ɵģ
ôһλȴèҪͷӣǮҲͷţϽ˵ÿ߶䣬ˢһ´ڸУȻͰϳ͵˾ƵϢ
ί鳤ؿҶҪ䣬ҶƽӪҪǰãȻûͷ˵ʱȻǲͬˡ
Ҷгÿγ֣ǻЩ·ֻû뵽һȻϹˣ˾ȵһ顣ضҶ˵
Ǻǣ˳·ѣôͬһɻعҶЦЦ
Ļһǲ֪ģ֪Ҳȥ˵زҶƽĸҲ޴ӵ֪Ļ
ֻ֪֪ҶԼǾԲȥ˵ġ
˵ǸҶ֮Ҳ˰뼶ѣֻǺίίȻҪͨĸʡһЩҪ֮ԨԴĻϵͽöˡ
һϹһȻֻвˣǿģҲ൱ӴˣһŲ࣬߶ҲǱȴǰˣƵͰǰ˿ֽһ½Ƶ档
ǮεҲסǵ񣬾ǵϹɵʱ򣬼ϾǣʱүӺһЩͬ־ǣϹ߸߲Ҳ˳һ£̸ʲôġ
ϹݷǱѰ̨Ǳ߶弫󣬴˷ȻķϢʾ½ͳλǷǳаģˣҲܵõôߵĴ
ӸոտȥãҶͽӵĵ绰ţսӵϢ˵Ǳ߶Ѿ·һЩ鷳СһЩ
Ҷ֮󣬾תͷʺصо·ߣһ簲źõģ
ţȻģϹһ£Ӱ·ƣͰźõġصͷش
·еȫˣĵɡҶϵ
ĵˣЩȣ뵽ҶһݣǵͷӦ
̴ǰĲ˹ȥඵ幫ҵһȦӣһ·ϹսɵȻһֵƵ귽


1052 
ܳô
һڽ¥ϣ˺ݺݵһԼĴȣ߷ߵ
ԭļƻϹ˵ĳӣ¥ǰٶʮʱѡĿ꣬Ȼʹؾѻǹоѻ
ƻȻǷǳģǶԷĳӻûн̣ͻȻ͸ĵˣþѻָеǳΣˡ
ܿյߵϢϽնӰɣˣ
ӵϢ֮̽һ֧ؾѻǹжװԼ˶󱳰֮УȻѸٵش߶룬̵¥Ȼһͣ¥Уһ·ȥ
ʮ֮һӾ¥ϣ䷿ӵŲͷ棬ˮҳ棬һ˵ĽӡڵϵͷһŰ۽ֽ
ǽЩ֤֮ϸذװܷУȻ롣
ϵʱί鳤شоܶӵܶӳʯһҶƽĸϣͰ췢Ϲо·ϳ־ѻֵ档
ҶҲڼ棬Ϊоֵ쵼ҶƽһӴλ
ǹھѻֵɡҶ֮󣬾ʹ˻ͷ
ʱȽϽһЩҶõϢ֮뵽ľо·ߵ⣬Ͼĵڿһǳǵľ
˵ĻǳӾͳ¶ˡ
Ȼ˵ԷδؾܹȷϹ辿һ棬ǳĳ˿ͷǸֻҪκһӳ飬Ƕݱɲ˵Ĵ¡
Ҫģ⳵Ϯ鴫ȥĻ϶Ӱ쵽ϹҶӴ½ľĵģжҲû˵Ϲҹһľơ
ҪģҲҶƽִһӰ죬ٻ˵ֻŸ㾭ýˣ˶ΰĹڿɺã¶˰ɣ
ҲпܻһЩˣϹһµȷɣӸϷҶľ
ȻЩδؾܹһһӦ飬ǹٳˣֻпǲܵĲ²⣬ûа׷Խ룬¶ҪתȦС
ϼ㲻һڽ죬е
˶飬ҶҲǷǳĵģˣϴȥˣôغʯг
ҶƽҲʾ̸һ̸
طϵľ鲿ȽϢȻҪһЩҲ˵Ǿ顣
ʵϣ鱨Ѽͷϣ鲿ƣھִз棬طҲԼĳǲݷϵģǿѹͷߣΪͷߣطӵȺڻҲӵɹ۵ˣĿ׷һЩ˿Ȼ˳ϵҵԼЩĿꡣ
ֳͨĶԶ϶ǺϿǱ߶˳ˡʯ̬ЩнϾίԱĴǳеĻᡣ
Ҷ˵һ߶ЩͼƬù˷Ϳ˾ĳۣǴֳѼ۽װԼ̵٣ЬӡнзȷԷ̨Ǳ߶ˡ
Ǳ߶ľ鲿Ѽ鱨໥ǺϵģҲǱȽϿŵġ
ʵҶǰŷ֮ǰѾյ˶԰ǲ˴ȥ鱨ʱҲһƻľǵϢڲй¶ȥȻ󱻶á
ϾҶڸ߲ĶͷҲһ֪¶δĽϢͳȥһ赶ɱ˵ľ֣ҶԵͷ
ŪҲҪԿͷ鷳¶
ԷʹõģӦؾѻǹ̽ԶȽϸߣܴӳͽǻӦǴط½Ȼר˿͵ġʯ˵Ѿеˣʼ׷˵䣬ȡ罫ڳ
ѶȺܴɣҶƽ֮󣬾͹еʵ
ǱȽѶȣҲġʯĻشȴҲ˸еο͵ǵĻ㹤ñȽʵģԸ֮Ѿ˶Էûļص㻳Ŀ꣬ڽվͻнϴͻơ
Ҷˣ˵ͷʯû˵ٻģڶԷݱ¶֮Ҫǵŵص㣬ԶԾɶˣҲֻɶѣϾôĵطԷҪʲôطһ첻¶ͷĻҲ԰ҳ
̸м䣬Ҷֽӵĵ绰˵Ѿõ˶ԷжԱϸϣڸ
Ǽʱ갡ҶԴϲĻ֪ǴӶԷϵͳڲ㵽ĶԿɿ
עⱣԴʡðҵ߸عˡڵ绰ж
ĺˣһǶġҶ˱֤
µ绰Ҷ̾¥ȥ巢ĴȻֱ¥
ǣʯҶһϵݸԼɵһ¡
ԷһЩϣò׸㵽ֵģעһ£ȻץˡҶ˵
ʯҶݣֻǾλӦþǴ˵еҶǵĹүǶֹغ飬ƺڲӦøɣ
оҶֳİžСԱ߶ĺ̾ͽ͵
Ҷֳãʯˣȴǳһһؾ˸
ҶǱĶһ֪ʯķӦôô
Ҳѡо֣һӣΪҪйˡʯ͵
ŶԭˡҶˣ׹˼ʯоֵϲˣԼε쵼֮һȻҪʾġ
һԨԴ֮ʯЩϵʵԣŲˣϾҶҶƽĹӣһоֵĸֳҶƽļźص棬ҶȻҵ߰Ķø
ЩϣǵĹЧʻһЩϣھͽԷ񡣡ʯĴ
Ҷƽ˵ͷȻ˵Ƶ귽ıҲҪץһЩţڽɰɡ
Ƶ귽İȫҲһξ֮أΪоַҲɳ˵֣ھƵڲ˰ȫڣܱҲߣΪȷϹڼİȫ⡣
ףôе죿ʯҶݸϣȻһ˵ƬʱͣЩɵضֹ
Ŷˣͬʱ˴㵵
ҶƽҶӣأǻ࿴˿;ʲôԾĵطˡ
ôһĸˣɾͬʱĬˣֻܹԱ߶Ŀյ΢΢Ļ
СܣҪˣǲĿˣһصضʯ˵
˺صѣʶǳҪʯϸ۲ǸƬãȻ̧ͷǳȷ˵û죬ҿ϶ˣ


1053 ɱ
˺صѣʶǳҪʯϸ۲ǸƬãȻ̧ͷǳȷ˵û죬ҿ϶ˣ
ʯôȷ˶ʱˡ
ΪһЩԤʯڵĻΧ϶ȽȷȻ˵˼ˣ˼˵˽ھƵ긽ģĻʯҲûлˡ
ôһĻɾץ˵ķΧ
ֻҪܹ˳ץеһˣͬ䣬ҲҳˣΪ鱨ʾЩ˶ǱͬһɳģĿľΪֹϹĹ԰ɱĽ
õֶҲǱȽϼ˵ģɱѣʹϹ費˵ʲôǲԴĻعӰ콵͵С˵֮̾ȥô½߶ʧ档
С㲻Ҫȷһ˿ֹܳ򡣡Ȼûи칤Ҳȱ
̴һ߶ҹһͼ˳̿Ȼȡһ֦ǦʣݸʯڽϼǺš
ʯȻǺ˳ֵģܿͽԼڵͼȦȻֻһӣ˵붼;ųˡ
ţǷΧСһҪھƵ긽Ƭ򣬼ǽ˹Ų飬Ҳòһʱ䡣ص˵ͷ
Ȼһ㣬ʱ򣬾ίͷ˷ǳֵãЩүȫܹ𵽶ĿãȻȽŲ㣬Լҵĵ̶ʲôμɵˣǱ˭֪
ʯԼԴ˼ڤ˰Щ̫϶رʾҸоӦھƵģҲҰٷ֮ٵؿ϶
Ҷ֮ͷֿԻǴڵģϾܹӴҵĴƵ겢ܶ࣬ѡ֮пɹѡľƵ͸ȷˣԷһǱƵĻǷҲã߰Ҳã׵֡
ҶƽҲʾҿòƽƽûʲôر֮ǼȻС˵ӡǾ˵ԷСǰֵĴֹһΣȻǷˡ
ΪƵķԱˡ˶óͬĽۡ
ʯҲͷˣƵķԱУӦòжԷˣȻǲԷɱ֣߽ΧԱǱεظץס
ҵȤʱϾ˾鲿֮ټʯȷϣпھƵڲͽԷ˸ץĻСʱòˣܹ˳顣
мǲҪݾߣȡһܡҶƽҶ˵͸ϻؾƵȥȰٺϹҵˣעȷϹүӲҪʲôӴǰķˡ
ҶͷӦҶƽǱȽпϵģҪһҲףϾϹ֮ǶϹشһλ˵ǲʲô¶
ҶƽֶԺغʯ˵⼸춢飬оֵʲôչֱ㱨ϱСǰźжɾѸٵؽЩˣҪܱȺ̫Ӱ졣
ʱҶѾ¸ӡ˼ݶԼһݶȥ˾Ƶꡣ
ֽȥɳһ𼸺Ͱˣ˾ЩꡣϹվشǰǰһķ羰Щп˵
ǰߣϹܿ죬͸Լ̺˺·Ӽƾŷޣȫ˵ĵ䷶ʱܶ˿
ڿϹģһ뵱Щˣʮ֮л϶ˣӵ̨Ǳ߶ģӹ̹Ҳûмˣܶ˶˵֮
ϹӵкܴһǣµȻǲʵģһͺױͷ¼ɣˡ
Ϲ˲ƲӼǨȥŷ֮÷ˮ𣬲һƬҵ÷Ҳȡ˺ܴĳɾͣҲϹ۹񣬾ϵһ۾Ϳ͸˵ʱƣľ
ϹվңԶĺߣɵþ˵ЩǣȻ޵ĸп˼Ʈ졣
뿪ʱҴǸϹаɡϹ׾һˣҲеɵ뷨ֻǶԣͬѧǣʱӦôģһλȥĸУתһתá
ֻǵͬѧǣʱܹʲôӣ治˵ƼҲʶ
ʱϹ׾ֻߵһȥ绰
˹Ϲùһ֧Զܹϸɽˮ
Ϲһ־Զһ߶Ե˵ȥǣȿԿҶֿǣɵӡ
һΪһվҪȥĹءһ˵
ǺǣϹҴǣΪǰ䵱ӥȮҲԱ֮ٶѣûаԼĵˣȻûбҪȥ㡣ϹЦЦ
ϹǧĴУһֱźڰ֮еĵִߣǵǳӴ󣬾ͲûнˣȻһҪȥˣϹҲûнԼĵˡ
ͷ̨Ǳ߶ϱܶ඼ҪȥǱ߶ĹģƺҲһ羰ߡ
ϹεȻмڸΪ飬ͬѾ˴ֵ顣
һ£˹ȥŴ򿪡
ֻһλʮҵзŲͳЦݵ˵ǾƵͲͷ񡣡
ûеԷʱɣҲûڷ÷ϰߡüͷ
Ϲڵķͳ׷İƽףȻҲڲòֻͣͷڻȽޣϲרõòͻҲϣԼķ˷˵ζԴԼķ÷
ֻһˮ;ˮϣθѣ鵱СģҲǳЦŽ͵
Ȼţƽɡˣԥһº˵
ͳ˽ɨһüͷӵ绰Ϲ׾ֿһ۱ԶϹ裬ƺжʲô
ͳͣ˴棬ͷһתǳؽͳԼ͵֮䣬Ȼ֮ʹӲͳ̨棬һѲĲ͵Ϲ˹ȥһֱϹĺĴ
ںĵˣɵôһĿѡ
ֻǷ֮һͳҪ˾ȣҲˣۿϹҪɥɱֵĵ¡
˿̵Ϲ裬ƺҲŤ˹һ˫ȫ˵˫˴Ĳ͵


1054 Σʱ
ϹһУεľգѾϰΪ
һεĴɱӼߣǻƵڲٽ蹤Աݵıдɱ
Էֻ˵еƫϣԶԶ̸ʲôĴɱֵĳ̶ȡ
˵޷ӽϹ豾ˣ֮ǰͱ¸ˡ
˵ﶼ˵õϹ裬ôΡ
ƫƫһΣϹǴΣյʱ̡
ϹһɱѾгʮʱˣԴ֮󣬾ҲûƵΣӾ֮Ѿ࣬ӾַǴڿͳûȨ
߶ľҲоṩģֵǾƵ깤Աݣȷʵ˳䲻Ч
Ϲ迴ǲ͵һֽڱֱƴԼ壬ĵһͷȻǶĿ־壬Ǹпɱ־̫٣Ľѧ˽ⲻ
ƣ͵ԼĻ϶ᱻס²͵벻Ľ
ȻˣǵϹѸߣӦԽΪٿǵɱֱǹעһȫһ֮ϵӦûɹĿģֻϹӦòһ
ɱȷʵǹעһֻϹĺ󱳣еĲ͵գо˺ˮɹ񣬾ڽһ١
һεĻᣬôݾߵϹ裬ͲöԸˡ
ô󹦼ɵʱ򣬾;ȻһŲ˳ȥ
顭һǹ죬ڽһС
Ϲ迴ŷɳȥɱֿ֣˿еǹȻð̵Ϲ׾ɵ̾˿Ǻοգɱһнľͷӣʲôɾ͸أ
Ǹող͵ԼĺֻвʮֵʱϹҲûиоʲôвʵϵʱ뿪ĿܣͿ
ȱϰеˡǹ֧ѾϹ׾˵ԭƻһǹģǵʧˮ׼ֻʱļˣЧһ⡣
ϹϹ׾װƣǱ߶ĵѾֽ˵ɱָĶʲôĶų
ڵɱԽԽרҵˡɱֵ֮󣬾ҡͷ˵ҶûУôʿרҵ
ϹұһжרҵʿŵȻúܣΪϹĽӣȻҲѹɱֵרҵˮ׼
ղųǹٶȵǺܿ졣Ϲ˵
ţҶ绰ҾƵ깤Աл˶ԷˣҪǲκεͻţȻͽˡϹ׾ָŵŵɱ֣Ϲ͵
ŶҶѵúܼʱϹͷ
ȷʵˡϹ׾ͷͬҶ绰ҲֻܾҪʱķӦ΢һЩϹһɾ͵סˣܹɱ֣ϹһҪˡ
ɱڲ͵ͿĨ˶صĻϹܾǼѪĵˡ
뵽Ϲ׾Ǿе¡
Ȼã˺ڵ⣬ʵҲǺѡеʱԼӵеǿܹ֯ܶģֻľѳۣҲֻ֮֮
飬ҶҲһȽϺĽ͡
Ա߶ȷʵǵùɱ֣ȭϹ׾ֱüͷ
壬ҲݵˣûҪôɡϹ׾˵
Ȼ˵Էɱ֣ôŹȥĻѱѶԷŪʱɾͲʰˣ⻹ڹڣԶǵںô㣬ڻ԰ڸӣܰ˸ˡ
һҾһʹĽѵǼǲסġӣɱּţػش
Ϲҡͷòи˲ҪҽҩѵĻᣬˣôûԶֵĻᣬѵһΣܵôʹ졣
Ϲ׾⻰Ҳ˵ʲôˣֻǵԼҲее˼ɱһţֵԱ߶ϡ
λҺʲôʱҶŶ룬Щεʵ
һͿиɵѪ棬Ȼܹµóʲô顣
ãĵ绰úܼʱϹ׾ش
⻰ʵģҶĵ绰Էû׼ĵˡ
Ϲǰû¶ɣҶĵ⡣
ʲô⣿ϹЦȻͷ˿µİɫëֹ̺֯еϧ˵ֻǿϧ̺ô׾ϴɾġ
״ɱֺ͵̺ǺˡҶش
ʱоֵ˾͸˹ɱͷ˺ڴӣͨԱͨĵش˳ȥƵĹԱҲȾѪĵ̺ȥһָֻ
Щ֮Ҷ˵ȫϹǰһֱ͵ȥ˵
ˡϹ˵ͷ
ӦõġҶش
ʵϣΣյʱ̣ҲϹеǵһζȵ˫棬Ϲ̸߲ͨѶ֮Ҳûжˡ
Ȼľѳ̨ۣҲֻǽȳʵ׷ȥĻֻǸеӶԶԷĴɱƽʱ䣬Ҳѡ
棬ָԷʩչʲô˼ֶ
ֹһоܶӵܶӳʯҲ˹ɱָӹܣȻָƵ߲棬ƵԱϣɸѡһ飬Ȼ淢ʶǸˡ
һؼʦƵʱ䲻ֻңǴӸ۵Ǳ߶ģҲǾƵ֮֮һû뵽ȴŸӱ̨Ǳ߶ĽӴҲѾˣһΪԷṩϹ˵ľϡ
оֵ˺ܿͽؼʦټѾɱ֣ʱѾ˶ԷϵҪڣټ϶֮ǰѻֵ׷飬𽥱ɱ֯ĸˮ棬ֻһʱˡ
һ֮󣬾Ƶ귽ɾ͸һγԺȵĲϣʱһҾƵģ͵ѡҲоֺ;Ƶĸ߲㣬Ϊ˷ԷڷֽţϾڶԷ֯û֮ǰ˭ҲǷʲôͬǱš
ҶҲ͸ϹסһأһҲɧŲϹˣֻţźలź֮󣬾ʹ˳ȥؼλʸϵͬʱ߲
һûзʲôе顣
ֻǵϵʱҶȴӵһ벻ĵ绰еЩ⡣


1055 
µ绰֮ҶɫЩÿ
ɫƺʲô飬Ե˿ˣеɭɭĸо˾е⡣
ϾҶһֱֳģ˵ĸоһֱȽڼкӣû˼⸱С
ոڸϹ˵Ϲ׾ˣЩֹĸо֪ǷӦһ¶ǲǳʲôˡ
һ鷳¶ҶǿЦЦŮ˵飬ǻ˾ͷۣҪȥһ¡
ٷǷծǻģСҶҪŵϹЦ˵
ҶǴкֶ֮˼䣬һҪעⰲȫǧҪʲôӣʲô͸оֵʯ˵ֱӸί鳤طӳ
Ҷģ֪ӦôϹ׾شʵϾ˷ɱһ֮ϹұķҲȫˣǱǸһжģ۾˶䣬ȻҪһľǿܶࡣ
ǿͳսҲоϵͳһЩط˵ڶԷɱֶε˽⣬ԶȾܶࡣ
ȵҶӾƵ뿪֮Ϲ׾ͶϹ˵ӣɲΪʲôŮ˵顣
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷȻǣǳڵأһ²һ¡
ǿúҶߵﶼŮǹעĽ㣬ȻΪǳ˵鷳¶ҲԲסֻҶһдǣһЩĲʺ͸¶ɡ
ΪˣȻ飬ԾװͿˡ
Ȼ˶ΪҶ˽¶Ҳû̫ϣתһЩ˵ͷǷҪжӣд˴θӦôȵȡ
Ҷڳ֮󣬾ʹԼ΢ͶԽʼԼľͨҽӵв绰ҵһѵҪЮңҰǵָж
ô¶ˣʱһȻ׷ϸ
ΪҶľͷӣҶһаȫ⣬Ҷʲô飬߶ҲеܴѹҶЩһַǳգ͸Ӳʧ
ץסͬѧ˪вңҲίίֽǵŮҶ򵥵ؽ˵һ£ԷҪһ̲ͣذǵָ£ƺܹصҵжһҲӦ塢ϣĻһ㡣
ĻԷӦУռ˼Ƹߵġˣ̾ͷӦˣʼ
㸺֣ʼÿڴȡЩ˶ڳҶ˵ʱٸ֪ǣҪ¥ˡ
Ի֮ҵҶСĽԤҶȫʮڵһʱھյϢȻʼͷ顣
ΪоҪϹ谲ȫҲо־ʣҲû֪ͨǣֱǣʼеĸУĿĵȥЩ߲㽨鿴ǷڿɵĿꡣ
һӣһϵЩض˵أҰˣ
ȥ·ڶ·ϡһŶ䣬˵
˳·ִһԱ񱼣𽥸ҶĳӺ״Ȼʼ׺š
˫۲ͣ·ɨϣԷʲô쳣
ǹʮңԷִָ˵Ҷȥ԰ʯȺ֪ͨ
ԱǸȸ˹ȥҪǷʲôȻϹȥ֮ҲһգʲôûС
ҶĳӻûиϵʯʱԷִָˣҪҶȥƽ·ȼٴ塣
طӦþˡ̾һƽ·ȼٴ֪Ǹβ̣ǰһ滹۹¿⣬ھһβ¥Ҳụ̂ǰ˻ֵĻΪϳĿġ
ҶڶԽҲϿһ㣬ڵ绰иԷʾϷˣǶԷûзҶͬϹԷűʾһβĵصˡ
ȵҶϵƽ·ȼٴʱĶԱǻѾλҷǳػ˷£ŵˣȻʼͷǱ룬Ŀꡣ
Ҷӿ˶ȼٴĴŴҲɲһٳ˹ȥűײ÷ڵأ¡¡˴Ƭĳ
ó߶Ѿܾû˹ˣϵĳӡ
Ҷһīһڵ⣬һҲΪ˸õع۲ΧĻöԷע⵽
ע⵽ϳЩҵĽӡ֮⣬ҲһЩҷĺۼóȷʵ˸ոЩˡ
ʱҶֻ
ιҶֻͨ
ˣСŮѻĺܲң绰һ˵ڿǰɫС¥¥Ĵ˺ɫһ
ҿˣǲҪҶ̧ۿһǰ棬Ȼôһ¥˵ҪǮǱʲôʲô⡣
ҶгĿǺܴ󣬺ǺǡԷЦֻҪϣǲ
˪ҪˣĻŤͷߡҶǰ˼Ȼͣǳ˵
ǺǣҪȳСŮѣˡԷЦǵ棬һֻҲɲȥ
ȻԷЦҶǴһȴ˫ۣŲŶ˪Ƶ˴ǰ˼£Ҷۿ
˫֮ľ룬ǲʮ׵ӣҶȻֱܹóԷƳģȷʵǶδ˪ֻȥЩͷģȻǳ˿ͷ
ء˪г˼УҡͷƺֹҶȥ
ҶˣЩģҲΪʵǾҪʲô
Ҷгֻһ£飬ô˹ʵǲԷ˵
Ҷˣɵüͷ֪ʲôط©Էˡ
ǾҪôҶʵ
˰ɡԷ˵мǿƽ̨һ˹һ˹ȥȻСŮͬʱｻ
УҶ̾ʹӦˡ
٣аԽŵ̾ͼˡ
ҶʲôĻɾͱø鷳ˣԲܴӦҪ
˵ˣѾˡҶֵ
̬ȺܼΪĶ˵ȻҪȫάҶİȫΪоֵٽֳҶҲԴӵ쵼˵ȨʱѶȻݲ˷ԡ
ãˬ졣Է˵һ䣬ȻͿʼԸ˫һ˵Էĵ̶ȥ
ҪָӣôԽϺõ壬Ȼ͵ʲãǰԷ˪ѡ


1056 ˰
£һԶٵİȫΪԭ򡣡뿪֮ǰС
סͷӦһѡһĻ
ʱĬȻͷˣ֪ˡ
ȻǵְǱҶİȫڸܴɵ£ȻҪҶȫΪģӹɡ
֮ҶҲôУԭ
ˣԷҲһˣͷ˹
һӹضҶ˵˰ŵ֣ҪʵˣҪֵĻǾͱȽϺˡ
һۣǼӣҪ󣬽Ҷ
ǰһ£Ȼðúܽص˵ͷӵһͷǣҶ˳⡣
壬Ҳ˪Ӱ¥˳߶һơ
˵ͷʾû⡣
ǾͿʼɡֻİ˵ˡ
ãҶһۣû飬Ǿͬ
ǣҶ˪˫УмǸСƽ̨߹ȥ
ߵٶȶ죬ϱƽ⡣
Ҫ㻨绰Ǹ˵˵
ȴǽ쵽˱󣬴˼ƣΧļԱѾþѻǹ˰¥ΧгںʹһǱ߶ʲô춯߶ȻͿԷΪѸٵĴ
ĶԱҲж׷ѰĵΣΧ¥Էһܡ
Ȼ˫ڽӴƽ̨֮ǰһɲǣͻ
ſ£һ󺰣һѽ˪Ƶڵϣ֮оȻ֪һӭҶȥ
ҶҲǳصģӾû˹ͷһһӾͻ˵ϣٶ֮죬Ҫ˪Ҫŵأƽ̨֮ϣŵ˫Ҳڵһʱ֮ھн⿪ˣȻüס˪塣
ĶѸޱȣʹ̵˶ԷʺҪ֮
ǰ˾ȻҲǵ֮˫ǰĹȻˣǿֶеӲҪеĶиƾն
еĶкȻתƿ˿İ˫֣ʺ˹ȥ
ǰ˼״ҲӲӣ˸ţܿһתһȦ࣬߳һȣɨ̡
˴һҶȴѾѿ
˱ȽϾӽһѣȥܽʵקҲû⣬мһСȴеĹؼһѣǰרŸҶֹ̽⣬ҲʾҶô¶
һɲǣҶѿָ֮һѽ˪ס
ǰ˼״ʱ󼱣ȴס岻
ˣȴѾжˣֳֳǹŰ¥޲ɨ䣬˶ԷͷĻᣬѻضżصͨκλᣬԼԱѹƶ֣Ҷ˪
ʱ˲֪һĻ˳
顭һֳ֡
ȵǳʱ򣬾ͷŨ֮УѾʧȥ˰˺ҶӰ澪ֵ˪˳
ʱ򣬰¥Ҳǹӵ˳ڵϷವһĲƤ
أ󼱵
屧˪ӣ⿪ӣЩż˵ǻһĻʲôپͲˣ
ʱ˪ڱſˣƲ˵ƽ̨лأҶȥˡ
ԣһͿƽ̨Ҫ̽ǶԷһӵ˹Ƶֻ˻
ȵԱǵĻѹƹ˰¥֮ٿƽ̨Ѿûˡ
˺Ǹƽ̨ͷȻһȴС¥ȥģƺǳƽӣӡۣƺʲôӴ澭ɵġ
ԱҪһӫ˽ȥӫ˺Զ֪ʲôطȥԶԶֻһө˸š
ɳˣĶͷһʱ֮侹ȻЩ
һҪҶʲô״ǿҪɸ𶯵ģ֪ҶĸȻʧٻôĺҪɸעĽˡ
ǣԷʲôˣΪʲôҪưҶأôҲ벻ͨ⡣
Ҳһľɥ֪Ӧճ
˪ǿ޵滨꣬ҶΪ˾ԷģȻ˰ܺܿҲҶ𣬵ǲô˵Ҷֻˣ飬Ҷ٣ôܲ
Ӧ˭㱨ת˺üȦ֪ͨҶƽҶүҶǬʣҲֻȸȡϵźá
貿Ҷʧˡͨĵ绰Щɥػ㱨
ʲôˣȻһ£žʵ˵
Ļ㱨֮˵÷򿪶Ҷ׷ϵͳȫѰ䣬ʮСʱӪȣɹĻҲˡ
ǣǺŻش
ҶӳĻʱ򣬾;еԾ
ǰ˾ͳ˹˪жȱ㣬Ͻһʲô档
ҶǵãӦһƽ̨ھȻˣ϶лء
ģҲһƣ˪˳ȥȴûʱѶԷԼܿϽȥ³
ţҶ;ԼһʲôƵģվʱ򣬾ͱסˣӶڻζţ㲻ȣò
Ҷ㲻Լʲô壬ܿ죬̾ʹԼϵźԴҲϵıװ֮һȻûʲôսȴԽڵλϢԴԴϵطȥÿӣһλ귢ȥһװգȻĳЩض
ֻζųңͣ
ž۵۵ΧƺжˣĹŪҶ˫ۣһʱ֮ӦĹǿȡ
֮ڿˣԼһӴĵ¹棬ԼΧΧһһӣһֵĸֽ죬ţƵҲΪ
ôĿռ䣬ҶֱֻţһֻصҰһ㣬ģ޷ǾǺм
ţʹһ˵ͷһֻӣһӹסӣȻֻӸ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ׶ߣӵͣ
ʲôˣôֱأ
Ҷ棬ȴûʲôµ飬ֻǳ˲죬֪ʲô˲߻һεжûмĶ֣˺档
ܹƵҶٵҲ൱˲𰡡


1057 һ
Ͽ֮˵ͣ
ʱΧǵյƴεڴ򿪣Ͷտм䣬ҲҶڵλϡ
ҶǿһգȻһݳ̨ϣˮֵĸо
ȻҲ֪ʱ䲻ԣصҲԣǵƹЧʵûʲôֱġ
ֻڶֵݺͶȻеǳ棬ʲô˲߻һεжô׼ҵѨأ
ЩŮ˻ŮѵУģӺգû˱Ȼ֣ȻȴౣͬʱŻϻصͰľ֪Ҷ֮ĹϵҲҵֵĻᡣ
˵ļλŮˣǴ󸻴󣬾֮Ҳô׶ԸģҲֻ˪䣬ȻѾ˸ʡĸɲίίֽίǣǴӸǳţֻСұ
ѧе˪֣׵ֵġ
˪齨һŮֶ֮󣬾ĴݳҪҵᣬǷǳѡ
ȻҶ˪Ļ᲻֮࣬ĸ黹ǲһġ
ĳϽ˪ʵҶĳŮѣȻϴ磬ȴĽǺ׿죬ҶϿɣҲȥҶĳȥġ
ΪˣҶ˪ŷǳرҪȥʲô飬Ҷǳ֧֡
һζԷץס˪ȷʵסҶţòͦ
ӦöҵϤҶ¶ɵЩ
һʼʱҶĵһоЩӦǳϹģп̨Щعǡ
ˣҶҲ벻ʲô˻
νĽʣ޷ǾΪҶǵ棬ӦЩõġ
ҲϹİȫ⣬ֵǶЮҶĻȫûбҪôǳҵĻһǹɵҶҲ¶ˣô˿ӷƨһ
ҶҲţ̨Щˣδؾܹô˽飬ôİܼƻ
ôһĻҶȷʵе㲻ˣڶԷݣȫûʲô
϶ˮĥʯĵذ壬ƤЬ棬ΧĿռ䲻Ǻܴ󣬶ҺܰԻò
۵۵ĽŲ֮ҶŴӳ˼лع
ĿͶ˵棬Ϳ߹ʮͷ׵װԱһˮMP5ǹ仹żʽףƾı׼װ
ҶȻǾԣǴǹ֧ȷʵһ۾ϳ˶Էװ
ǰǹʱ򣬽͸˵MP5ִͣҲʲô⣬ǹжڼҲûо
һ˵ʮ׵ľңķĶ̵䣬ȫһ棬򳤵ʱķǹƫϷӵλã
ǳ߷֮ĳ䣬оʧأӵϷѰУͣ¶׼Ŀ¿
Ҳ˵ʵʵսУͨ˶ԣķĶ̵ǿԴ˵ģ§ŰŵĻ˷ӵˣȻǾдʵѵˣԳĿҲøá
꣬¹GSG9ֲĦӵϼӻķٻжʹMP5ֲӾMP5У˵һˣʻȣMP5롣
ٺ˿ʼɹMP5ǹMP5Ͼͳ˸ֲӵı׼װ
˵Ҷϳ˶Էװ֮󣬾;˲ͨˣп̨Ǳ߶ɹعСʲôģĻôװ
ֻЩ˶ͷף
û뵽ҶгֻͦݵģȻܹСŮѼʱߡΪ׵һӾ˵⵹ҸеЩˡ
˭ʸûйڣôôһݺңҶʵ
ȷʵ²͸˾˭ΪİģҲˡ
˭Ǻǣ˺Ȼɫͷ׸¶һЩ԰׵ȥҲǶʮ塢ӣİúܡ
Ҳʶ㡣Ҷض˿ҡҡͷ
㲻ʶҲҪҪʶҶгֻͣһֻһżĻһۣȻߵƺҶԹޣ֮Ҳ͸¶̵ĺ⡣
Ҷ˵ҲɵþЩϷ䣬˾˭ǸӣͺԼɱ߼һһֳƺĺ⡣
겻ͻȻôһļһ
ֵܣĲʶ㡣ҶǳϿҵ˵ҿʵһᡣ
ôٺ١ɫ԰׵ЦЦɭɭġ
Ҷ͸ãȻ棬ʵѾڷɿתܿͲµ˵ʵݡ
ˣϳ¼ҵܵǸСӡ
ҲһβĹ˾֤ΣģJOP˾ĻϰǲӦǶʮ꣬ԭǾеĿ췴ӵһУǰ;Զ󣬿ΪɱҶ¼¶òְԶǱ߶ϳ¼İ⡣
ʱҶûע⵽ǲĴڣֱǱ߶飬ŷǲȻǳ½˽ӣһֱصúϳ¼ҲûеȨȥһֱûзĴڡ
һڿдɱҶǲ˸顣
Ȼ˵ʮУҲеţڿ췴棬Ҳвٵ˵õٵƸΣǴּ˲ţǲľβûгΪرעء
ǲ֮󣬾ͿʼӽҶҼչ˰ս֤ΣһΣֵĻϳҺҶҶһܴΣ
ûԾһҶ϶ԼĲ²⡣
Ȼ˵һƬҪ԰һЩҲеˣǿóӲûиı䣬ǵʱҶǲƬϵģ
˵ˣϳ¼ңҲȷʵûеڶҸҶƺˡ
ΪҶĴڣԭӺһʱҶңץץ˵ˣԴϱҶ뷿ˣǺεȵް
ܱɫǲԶǰ̣ȴΪҶòܵȥԢĺ⣬ǰѶƽˣҲˡ
ˣҶ޵а
뵽ҶͲǣѵ˵ҶҾҪ˲ɣ
Ҫ֪ץǱ˻ãɣϳ¼ҵ˲ֻͬҪܰҶŪǿ϶ǲκֶεġ
ȻͬҶϣǲ͸¶ɫĹâеMP5ǹͻȻָҶ˻࣡


1058 ʲôͷ
ȻͬҶϣǲ͸¶ɫĹâеMP5ǹͻȻָҶ˻࣡
Ҫ
Ҫ
ֵģҶվǲߵˣһĸߴһЩģѸٵһƿǲֱۡ
ͻͻͻ
ӵɨ˹ҶͷϲһߵλϲȥмŴ棬˴ƬĻ𻨣̵ϢЩǺˡ
ǲһУ״Ʒһ㣬MP5ǹǰƴʳָ§һӵ˳
ĸߴٶҲܿ죬һȥǲѹڵϣЩŭغˣ
ſңһҪɱ飡ǲħһغţ˫۳Ѫ
ĸߴѹסǲһ˹ȥǲİǸѪ˿ȥЩֲ
һ΢СһЩǳ˹ȥһŲסǲеMP5ǹȻǹ
ץסĸߴһ£м˳˹ǲذס
ſңǲƴš
ѣĸߴŭ
Ա߶һһͰˮͷβǲϣܵͬһֻ
ʱĸߴ˷ŭؽԼͷ׸ǲŭĿӣҲ׷׽ͷժ
̨Ǳ߶ģ
ڿеҶʱļ˵òеɵʵ
Ǽˣձ鲻ǺܸߣеȶѣòϾԵñȽͣ˵ǿ棬ʶ
١ĸߴҶŤͷһͿǱŵɪɪҶʱȻϾ棬µؿڧɵú޵ȴûʲô취
˵ʲôأŶǸĽСһЩˣҲͷ׸ժȴһͷںڳȻǸŮӡ
ʱԲҲĹĵģҶƺǷǳջӡ
Ҳ˼ҶǸץסûôأڲ˷鱻˸ȥȻҪ޺޵سЦһģµЩȻ÷ǳơ
ȻŮŶе⡣ҶŮһЩ۵䱾ˣκ
棬ҡͷԵضŮͷ㣬ȴ˸еŭѡ
ŮӹȻǳԱ߶˵ӷһЩ
̾˿ŵӽ˾治׵λϡ
ҶЩؿŮӣ˵棬㲻ҷųʲôжԸأ
˭֪Ů˹еMP5ֱӾͱҶƨɣͱ˹
ܳЫĳҶģôǹһͱգʱ־ŭܵӵƣһӾͷɵðӴؽƨɣһǱӡ
ٲʵĻþԸ㣡Ůһ࣬вҶ
ֱ䵽棬ҲһջеζҶŭ˵
ľ̹ãŮˣʱɫڣܻغ
Ա߶ƺӵģʱЩ֪룬֪ǷӦĻɵýĿͶվһԵĸߴϡ
ЫӣˡĸߴһüͷϵŮӺֹ
ϴ󣡡ЫӵŮЩίӣҲûиٺ֡
ʱҶع۲һ±Ǻϴˣ˵üһббĵ̣೤ˡ
ھҲеÿԭòǱȽӢģԵһɱϵӢ֮ӦǸȽзӦþһ˵쵼ߡ
ӶǾˣҶʱеȷ
̨Ǳ߶ҲǺϤȻ˵һݶԷ鱨ϣҲһЩƬʲôģûüϸۿֻǲݲݵɨһ飬ûзֺǰЩƵϡ
ɴжϣҪôЩ˲̨ҪôǶԷɳ˲ֹһСӡ
һΪϹ飬Է˲ٵѪ
ǲôһ¶أôЩ˻쵽һģӣ֮ĹϵƺҲг͹¶
Ҷٵĵƺͦ󣿡λϴҶϾȻ޾ɫɵЩ
ҶڴҲڴҶ
óҶڵȻǳ֮УǷǳȶģҲûбŵƨ˿
ϴ˵Ǻӵܣ߹֮ԭΪץס֮һŵģȴû뵽Ȼôȴе⣬еǻأҲδؾܹô硣
֪ңⲻ֣Ҳʶ㣬ƺеƽɣҶλϴЩѯʵ֪λմηʿͻȻץ˱ˣǺεأ
ͺҵ̺ˡ˺֣ƺһҲǿҶЩȤ˵ǵãû׼ĻӸƨһรɡ
ãҶһ۱ЫӵŮӣеʵ񰡡ô侲ô嶯ȫһģԸôôҲҪѷɫһġ
ӣѵңŮˣҪ
嶯嶯ûʵ⼤𣿣ǱӵģæסЫӣĵ
Ҷ٣ҷȰ㲻Ҫͽѿ֮ܣ̿Ҷ˵ǻǣҲûкùӳԣ
ǲǣҲô棬ֺαأĻǷĺܣҶһ
ҶԣӦӦ˶ԷһҪ󣬵ȵ֮Ҳܻ뿪ϾԷ¶֮ҲпҪɱڡ
ǼȻѾҳְҶôζԺɱһ˰ˡ
֮ԲɱҶֻΪǻҪҶ˳ɵѣҶŲʲôɿĳŵ뿪
ȻˣҶȻҲûбҪί
ҳҪһɢģһʼע˵ġ
ҶٵǴˡҶĻ֮󣬵˵ͷȻˣҶȻףúǰĵֻҪúϣ˵һϾǵĿ겻㱾ˡȻᣬôܲһأ
˵ҲԡҶЦЦ֮ûλ嶯ִڵĻ˵ҾǣôɱңҲܷŹᣬȻҲ֪ʲôʱǿǼֱǱɱ֮찡
ֻҪǿԼ̿һ֮󣬱֤
ʲôˣҶûдӦȴǷһ


1059 ӪȺ
ҵٵźԴ𣿡Щŵѯʵ
ԴӵõȨ֮ҶϵźԴ׷ٵĹȫչˣһר豸ȫתͼ̵ʱȷҶĿǰڵλá
ּʵҲǳ򵥣GPSλ֮ļʵֶĿ׷٣ǲȡ˶涨λļͬź̽㣬ȻһȷĿλá
Ȼ˵еˣǰ֮ǰȷµ̨λһôһȽȷ֮ڣɿԻǿԵõ֤ġ
ڶϵͳͬʱֹ֮ľ׼ȾԵøŷ
ڹ˴Լʮ֮󣬾ͻϵõҶϢ
ˣʾӦþһƬԶġ׷ٹЩ㵵˵ǣһƬǵûʲô֡
ĿǷƶУʵ
ƶķȲǺܴĿǰѾͣˡԱش
Ļѳе¹ܵͼùҹֳġˣҲô̵ʱھͱܿǵ
ˣúеǾ˵¹ܵͼзǿ֮;Щ֣Ϊĵ¹ܵó˳ʲôͨߣѸٵƶĳЩ·ϵĵ¹ܵѾʧޣ߶޷ͨ
ⷽԭƶ̾ͱˡ
ˡԼҲЩ˼顣
Ļô뿪أ
һԿЩ۸ӵĵ¹ܵͼҲеżоһ֮󣬾һֿԡ
ѾʮûзƶˣǷԲ²һ£Ƭĵ£һȽϴĵ¹ʲôģǵĲ֮²
뷨Ҳ޵ˣͷ˵ǵ¹̵ĻǾҪؾв֤ˣ壬ϵؾҪһĵ¹̵ϸϡ
ǡ֮̾ȥ¶
ͬ־ǣƽʱΣҶģǵƤӵ³飬޷̵ģ빫˽ǶҪ̵ʱڣѶٸؾȳ˵
˵öԡ
ġ
˷׷ױ̬־ɳǣҪߣҲҪԷЩǸڳ
һ֮ǰȥ統ؾ壬ͷϢ
ƬڣȻһ͵ĵ¹̣ǲʮǰ޽ĵ¹£ҲǵʱΪӦսġںŽɵһݵ㡣
ֻڽ֮ûжãͳһ飬ڰȫĿǣ£գʱƣؾ¶
һҶ¶˵Ĳ²⣬Ҳ뵽Ȼôһ¹µĴڡ
ڵͺˣҪ£ԷչһѶٸȳͱʾҲҪע⵽һ㣬ٵȫҪģǲŶԷǽһ˵˶٣Ǿ͵òʧˡ
Ҫϸоһ£Ҫרҵ豸֧֡£רҵ豸ǲܹϵȻȡһЩˣѶؾȳ
㱨һɡʾ
õϢ壬ָʾȨǴӵذȫţ˹սʹõĸרҵ豸˵Զ̽ǣɼЯʽ̽˵С豸Էǲȡж
ֻǿһ㣬ǾҪȷٵȫΪҪĿ꣬ĶԿǡرǿ
ʵϣ飬ԼҲЩջ
ΪֵϣѾͨ߸㵽ˣһҶ⣬˵ĳ֣ȴе⣬ΪǲԼϵУҲ˵鲿鱨Ǵ覴õģ϶һյ壬еЩʧ档
ֱڣ廹ûо¸ҶļˣҲϣڴ֮ǰܹ˳£Ǹеǡ
ϾҶƽҶүӡүǣλȨأ²æµһΪͷǿɾˡ
ΪҶĳҲΨһܹȡҲǿҶ˵Ҷûа취ĻôҲһġ
ҵٵľλˣͨͼĶԱȣȷ¹֮ڣλѾˣǷչжʱ򣬹Աµķ鱨Щضʾ
ǾжɣЯʶ豸СӲͬλý룬һҪС£мԶٵİȫΪһĿꡣϣжľ
Ѿо¹̵ĽṹͼµĽṹǱȽϸӵģһ㣬ÿһĸ߶Ȳȣߵһʮ׸ߵĿռ䣬һṹ걸ĵ¹ĸ֡
ͼӦбȽƵĿ豸ֻô֮ҲЩ豸ǷȻת硣
ڰȫĿǣǻЯȱ״̬µĽ豸Էķ
жһ£ҶʮʱһŵľڲӳԱӶͨɵĵ¹¡
ʲôˣҶûдӦȴǷһ
ڰпԼϵźԴ֮󣬾͵ࡣ
źŻϵһЩҶϵźԴһƵΣһԺг̽豸׷ٵõҲڿ豸ԭ֮һ
һ㣬ŶԷϣպþпԿźŷ豸
ڵǰ״̬£ȻѾȷ˶ԷץԼǱģͲҪȫ⣬ԷΪӪԱȡʱ䣬ҪĵһҪ
Էĵʲô̽һ̽ǵĵϸ̼һ±ŭ֮еǲöԷڧʲôģҶСֶΡ
ڵҶֶλЧˣǶԷȶָǲ֮ƺĿǰѾʼںġ
óǲû뵽жСϵ֮ڣһ·
ΧĻҶ׾ܹµõһѾ˵ĵ¹£ŵЩˣܹ߶ָƣôǾ췴Ӿ٣һӵϳ¼ӵܱǲ϶ṩ鱨Ǹˡ
ֻҶܹȷһε飬ϳ¼ǷҲˣ
Ҷϳ¼һǱ֮죬ſ϶ǲŹĻġ
ǴС棬ֻǲһһһֻǲĸΪ
ǲôһ˳ȥĻҶ϶Źƴϳ¼ҵĻģѾƲˡ
ԽЫС顣ҶϣȻӦҶ⡣


1060 ׮
ԽЫС顣ҶϣȻӦҶ⡣
ЫС飿Ҷ֮󣬸еЩ⡣
ӡУƺû˵֯Ӧ˽װˡ
ΪĹϵҶڸֲӹɶȽϤ̨Ǳ߶ҲİȻ˵佻ǺƵ˽鱨Ǹúܶģǽžó࣬ұ˴֮鱨Ա˻͸ǵ˽Ҳˡ
ͬʱҶҲ˵ΪֲǺܳ㣬սҲǿĳЩضʱ򣬾Ӷ˽װһЩЫС飬Ӧþʵ˽װ
ӵ֡ЫŮӵ˵ıǵװӽĺ½սӵı׼׼ԱҲеβ룬֯ԲǿȫǵָȨӰС飬ҶܹжǾʵװ
֮ǮµĹӶֻڻܹȷǵĹ˭
ӶҶһ䡣
Ű¡ЫŮƺҶĵܿߣҶڹӶ˵ҲЩô
߶˵ֻҪûʽƵģǶʱҶһԣǻǹӶ
㡭ЫŮŭĿӡ
ˣӶ͹ӶҲʲô˵顣ְһֹ֣֮ļתҶ˵ǴĿҲܼ򵥣ΪϹ裬ҶгҲˣ˵һ仰ǣпܻĻ·һ
ôһ˵ҶеЩöԸˡ
ûаصôҶǸЫŮҲãǲҲգʱĺð취ˮܻɣѵǴʱЫСϴ󵶰⣬еЩΪˡ
λҲǺͿ˰ɱϣʲôʱ򣬾;Բᱻ˸ţ¶ǲðˡ
ҶȻҲʲô֮΢ԥһ£Ե˵ԭ̨ܹġ
ҶͳĬˡ
ֵҲû̾ͱ˵ʲôҪǵĻֻǾصţеʱֲһеĳǹյĿռ棬ԵøεҲ˴һַǳѹֵĸо
ĻУΪʸ֮ĵҶܵѹȻǷǳġ
ַǳһ㣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻϣһĳĬҶ߸ѹ壬òԼҪ
֮󣬱˿ŵǲȳסˣ˲øղűץסʵԵ˵Ѧϴ˵һ൱Ӳ뷨Ǻеͨģֱˣİ취ʵһЩ
ʲôʱֵ˵ˣҶضǲ
ڴϿһüĿǲпʱǵЫСһ£Ǵ֮ĹϵҲǺԵģǲҶǱɱ֮죬ֵ뷨ϹΪҪĿģ˵Ҷ⣬岻
ΪϵĲͬǲЫС֮ķ磬ҲǷǳԵġ
ǲҶʹܻ֮࣬Ҳе㵣֪ҶôȻܹô֣ƺϵĻһ㣬߸ϡ
͸ҶϡֶǲûʲôɫֱӾͶ˵
ѦϴӲţ㲻ôңǲˣʱɫ
ֵǣȻǲûʲôصĸоܿͰƲȻֽ˫ָˣʡںҲ죬ܻ˵ֵ¡
ЫŮһǲüͷеֹӣһ£վûпڡ
ʱ򣬵־ͶҶ˵ǺгģҶгϵĻҾֻ˵ǸˡҪ֪˵ɱʲôģʵͨ顣
ҶһۣȻûҪô˵
ҸҶгʮӵʱ䣬㻹ܹȷľôҲֻ÷˶ˣţÿǺҪѾ̲ġֽ˵
˵֮ͱߵԱ߶һֲ̬ܵ
Ҷ棬ҲʼоڵµǺˣֵ־Ƿǳᶨģ˵ʮӣͿ϶ʮӣõһȷĴ𰸣϶ǲưոݵġ
ίأȷܾأһ⡣
ϵЩˣֶָһ̬ЫŮǹʱüƵĿ⣬ȥһۣȻֻҪ˵Ӧһٺôڵš
ЫСĳԱǣǾʱɨһΧĻһˣǽһװðڵϣһͲ۾עı仯
ȻֻҪΧе紵ݶǶܹڵһʱڷֲԵĵط
ҶҲìܣΪԼ߶һ¶ǿ϶רôһʱҪ㱨Ķ壬Ȩһ£Ǿͻᶯü豸Լźλá
Ҳ˵ò˶ãǾܹҵԼڵλãȻչӪж
Ҷĵ⣬޷ǾһչӪжڶԷѾ׼£ܹмʤ㣿
ΣĵزôҶҲֻжԼֶˣƽĶԣǺϣʱ򣬾ͽԼʵȫ¶
¶ìܰҶǳ
ȣûУСЫŮͻȻһ䡣
ҶûؿȥͿЫŮ濴
ǶԿЫŮ۾ģƺϣͷܳͷ棬ҲӰ쵽жı¾ܹб¶һĨļɫؿҲǹĹҵģͦġ
ʲôҿ۾ЫŮע⵽ҶĿһֱԼǰתƣɵŭ
Ƣô⣬һ޲ȥҶȷʵȻ壬ڿһ䡣
ЫŮŭڣҪҶһÿʱͻȻͳ״
ƺز㶼ʼ¡¡¡𣬷ǳͻȻôҶеЩλŵ涯ĶԱǱͷۻæؽһĶժӵһԣƶĤѾˡ
Ȯû¶ɣּ״ɵ˹ȥʵ
ԷƺֵĻֻǱͷ¶ʹɫȻ˲ǳ
⵽ʲô˶еЩãȻ
ǵϴģǲ֪ʲôЫŮĸо̾жϵ
ҶҲе죬ܿˣʵϵϴĴ׮ֻǶ̨׮ͬʱƾ͸еˡ
ǿʼˣҶľһ֪϶Ҫʱڻ
˵ĻطôͻȻô׮أ


1061 Ϊ֮
ⶫ𣿡ڳ֮ǰ忴żΧܴ׮еɵʵ
Ȼ尲ŵģ϶ôġش
ʵǶеȣû뵽ڲ߻жʱͲذ飬ΧĹϣܴ׮ú֮Ϳʼ
棬ͨͨĴ׮
صµĵֵˣȴǾ÷ǳԾ
ϾͨͨĴ׮еһжڸסˣ£ͼ˴̸֮Ҳܵ˼Ӱ졣
Ǵ׮ǽϵֶ˵
ʵϣҶӦˣȷʵǴ׮û
ʱ򣬿ûп߶ʲôذЫŮЩĵ˵
ˣ;ЩԾüͷԸﲻܴˣϷ׼ӽڳ룬ҶСһҪ⡣
֮ǰϸоĵεģ֪ϷһƬȽϿտҰأĿǰδһƬ֮⡣
ʱأ֮󣬾Ҳʽֻھĳűܵͼ棬¹̵ĴڣҲûʲô˻ע⵽ǲ£ŻĽΪĴӪ
ʵ֤طȷʵֳܲɵĵصһ壬Ҷɹץ˹˳Ŀꡣ
ڿ·Ĵ׮϶ʲô
³ΪҲǷǳСĽȻϳеʵǷǳ֣ܵСһҲԸðա
ͷſˡһ£ָָǲ
ոΪֹǲ¶˰ǲ͸˵¹̵Ϥ̶ȣû˱һЩԴʱſˡ
һ֮ƺǲ˾ͱʵһЩˣһĳĬʱſˣҲȻһԲӡ
֣ղŶеˡֶǲ˵ڵе죬ҪȥôȥȽϺһЩ
ǲؿһۣһ̸⣬û𣿡
ô˵üͷʵ
ֻЩ׮жϣΧĸ϶УҲ˵Ѿ˼ҸΧˡǲƤ񣬲ѷɡ
طʱ򣬿˵ǳȫġԱ߶ĺӼˣʵŹãͱ˸ΧˣǴĿǰɣ
ЫС½߶϶ǲϤģ֮ҵطΪݵ㣬ҲΪǲԵʡ
ʱǲ˵ǳȫڴ½ڼĴӪʹãϸ֮ҲŲɣΪ߶ռϴͨ˴ע⣬˵ܹǵ
ڵǸǲʱжźܴ˼ҶˣŹ˶ðҲѹֺǶǲΪ
Ҫ֪õĻû׼ЫСһξͱ˼Ҹһˡ
ͻȻĽҰ̨׮ڻģǾԲǴСèֻܹ쵽顣
ԣǲĻҲûǿ϶Ǳҵ˲ص㣬Ұ˽ӡ
Ȼôصĵطôô̵ʱڣͱ˸أ
ľԭҲֻǲ½ľеĻˡ
һʼʱҾҪɱҶֹҡǲǿΧЫС˶עĿг˲ƣ֪˵ʲô϶ǲеģֻ̾ϢǴ˻ᣬҵĻڳ飬Ȼûʲôϵ
ɱɱҶʲôϵЫŮЩɵʵ
Ҷһо鲿ֲоƬڼ˻ⷢ䶨λźŵġǲ͵ֶҲһȱ㣬һˣʧȥʶôоƬҲͷˣԣˣ
ôûǣЫŮˣʱŭ
Ǻܿ죬ͷӦˡ
ǲûдǣǵʱҶۣǸһסͣ£ǲôл˵Լ֪飿
ô˵ǺһʼĿģǴҪɱҶʱ˿̣ڷӦˡ
ûǲʱҲûԼĴ㣬ҪץסҶΪ룬ôɱϹ裬ҵĿɱҶԲŻһļϡʵϣץסҶ֮쿪ҪȥӽϹ裬һЦͲĻᡣ
㲻˵ֻҶܹӽڵϹ𣿡ЫŮЩɵʵѵ˵һʼ˵ľǼٻƭǣ
Ҳû˵ѡǲϵطϵʵϣҲֻҶܹӽϹ裬ΪϹһֲ߻顣
˵ȥӽϹһЦӷʵ
Ǹоǲ˵û׶еſڿӵĸо
ô˵ҲûǲҡͷΪʵҶļֵҪϹˣֻǲеĻѡ
Ҷݣͨ˵ȻһգܹģҲֻɽгְ񣬵ϳ¼ĸ߲Ȧ棬Ȼ֪һݣоֵٽֳ
ݣ֮ɽегҪҪˡ
Ҫ˵ҶҶҵĵδļ̳ˡ
һѾ߱˸Իƽȵλ˼ʣһϹԱȵģ
ֻҪڸŷĹϵȽϽӲһЩҪϹӰͨŷǱ߶óͨϹҵһЩǱ߶ǴϹϵ״ôһϹĶþ͹Գˡ
ॡ
ЫŮͻȻӵľ˳ķڵƹԵøɭ
Ҫʲôּˣʱüʵ
Ȼ˵ɱҶ޷λǵλˣôڲ֣˼Ҽ׷𣿡ЫŮȻ˵
ڶѾˡǲһʱҶӳƾ̣ʱǾԲܹµģĻųԷֱӰǸᡣ
ֵˣ϶Ƿǳѿɫ
Ҳû뵽Ȼݱ䵽ֵزƺ˵˶Ҷһ֮ʱĲˡ
ǹӶϰ˵ͷѪ׬ٶǮҲа
˵Ӧô죿ЫŮǲѯʵ
˵Ŀ⣬еǲϣղŵΣȫͬˡ
ôǺǣÿҶгô˵ˡǲһҶЦ˵


1062 ߷
ôǺǣÿҶгô˵ˡǲһҶЦ˵
Ҷ棬ȴһҲû̸֮ʲôرĶ
ʵϣҶһܺã˵ǳȺףȻڱĴ׮УҪͦ˵˵÷ǳѣҶƫƫֱܹóڵķλԼൽλá
һǺѵˣھѾ˺ܴĸı䣬ԼԴС
ЫСҪ뿪ͲҶôĻһɢҶȻûʲôùӳԣЫСˣһǲҲøҶᡣ
ۣǲϸġ
ΪӶȻǵͷѪǮɻҲȫ壬ģҪԼȥǮĻûм˻ȥѡ
Ȼǲϵ֮λ־ԵЩ
һι½ȻΪϹ飬̨Ǳ߶Ҳһңͨģٻ֮֯γ˾Ĺϵ˭Ҫȵǡ
ǿڵԭΪ׾ܹµҶȻһӲͷǵĲ֮ض˼Ҹˣƾͬ׽õָеǳѿ
ЫСԴ齨Ҳϴ񣬵ǻûôصĴ
Ťͷ˿ĳԱǣͼҵɫЩأȻ˶ڽӦô죬涼ûʲô׶
Ҷ𣿡ҶһӦҲûУЫŮɵеĳǹͻһ¡
ӸУܴһʱ˵
ע涯Ҷ˴ţڻعЩȻüͷĿԲЫŮ˵ʲô£ôǱȵβ͵èһأ
Ǳȵβ͵èЫŮˣʱȻŭŽŻؾ
뵽ڵԼղŵĶʱйˣ״ıֻǱȵβ͵è
ˣСáִ֮νתҶ˵־棬Ҷгʲô飿
ƨ¡Ҷбһ۵ұúõû¶ǽڲ֣֮֡Ȼʲô飬ⲻʵäʲôأ
˵ʵڻҶô˵ģҲôġ
ӪԼ˳ЫСǸùߵǲһɵҶҲֹɵģһžͺܴˣôǳ취
ˣɵһû뵽ҶվȻһòӵǹʡ
Ѧϴ󣬲ð׷ĻˡԱ߶ǲ˵Ϊ֮ƣѾûߵĻᣬְҶɱˣҲһ˰ˣȻٿ£߻һ
Сˣ̷ɱҶԷû˹˼ɣͻӲֶҪǵģһŪСƱ֮ĶĿȫյǶҲܲϢ³
ôһ˵ЩЫСĳԱǣʱͰˡ
˵ûȻһ¹޵ģҶǸɱԷû˹˼ɣһҪɱǸҶĻַʽ򵥲ġ
ȵ֮ʬЧһģֶȴ򵥡
뵽ΪϢĲ״˶ʱ˼ɣһӲЫŮʱҲóĬ
ôѿĺЫŮɻˡ
ôһ˵ҶЩؿһۣȻ˼ص˵ͷԵ˵֣Ҹǲ˽Ҳ޹ߣ˵ΪǮѡǮⶫҪж٣ֺαΪôһֵǵأֵ
ĬȻȻ˵һ̨Ǳ߶ļܸߣĵز·ţֻйԹԵһ·ߣǵ˼ʱҲ;ЩͷԷˡ
½߶ǲϤھж˽ļ٣˽ȷʵһȽðʧľ
Ҳе˿ЫŮȻвʣĻ˭չأ
ָ̨棬߻淢һοʽ𣬵ǽΣǾָ
֣ǱȽϴȵġҶ˵˼ѾɢˣͽźǵֻǹӶѣͶҵӪΪЧҲ֧ı֤꣬ǲܵ½׷ͬʱҲǵļӳ½ӹȻУ½ĻŷޱĴǣ⹻˰ɣ
ҶȻ棬ȴǺġ
٩٩̸ЫСˣҲúϸ
˵ҶǷǳŻˣֻǹӶѣ¶¶֮ǮΪ˭Ρ
˵ҲʲôɻĻǾǼ˵İȫˣҶܹ֤Ǽ˵İȫ⣬ôͶҶҲʲôܽܵңڵȫȫ˼ҵеġ
翹ĻܹҶᣬǶԣʲôôأ
ֵô˵ҶĻ˼һЫСĳԱѯʵ
Ȼϴ󣬵ֵԸҲܶרУĿתϵʱ򣬾ͷִһ϶ǵͷͬˡ
ûԸΪ񣬰ԼҲϡ
ȻֵûҾ͵ͬˡֵ˵ͷ
ʱ˿̣ҲʵõĴ㡣
ЫŮ뵽ʲôڵֵĶֹ䣬ȻֿҶһۡ
֮󣬸еЩΪѣǶҶ˵һոնҰ˵ĻҲӦһӦϳĻǾӦģΪ飬Ϊȫ
Ҷ˵ʲôˣҶһЫŮͷӦˡ
ոвЫŮ˵ǵ֮һᱬľջ仰ЫŮŵˣ뵽һ㣬ҶɵƲƲɫһûзϣҪҵĴˣء
ҶΣô˵ɾԲԿ䣬ʵ
Ҫʲô
ʱ򣬾ӺȴǷһֱƲǲͻȻԱ߶һԱУMP5ǹ˹ȥѾ˱գĿض׼Ҷ
ֶʱʧɫǲóѵĻò׸ҶɵĺƽЭҪˡ
ǲȻҶ˽ϣҶ֮أЫСȴûбҪѾʱֽԼڰ֮С
ֹֺһ˳ץһ˳ȥסǲߡ


1063 һ
ֵķӦ˵죬ֻǲĶ졣
֮£ټǲǴӿ췴ľӢ٣Ȼӹɡ
ȵжʱǲѾҧһӵ˳ȥ
ӳȥĶȴһֽӣѾưܲⶫȻ赲ӵȴɹصסǲߡ
ֻǲҲһˣεҶڵλã۾Ҳ޷ֹӵ׼ȷشҶ档
Щغ
ҶһĻô̾ͱˣǵûʵǰ£ڽЩˣʲô˼ɡ
ΪҶҲ뽫ЫСնɱϾҶͨˣһ߼Ա֮⣬ͬʱȨҶҵļ̳ˡ
ȥɣǲһӵ˳ȥͱЫС˸͵ڵϡ
ֻĿȻﵽǲɵùЦǷһ
ˣŭһȭ˹ȥǲ°ͣʱѪֱŴҲɶ
ۡǲ³һѪм仹һŵݣ溬첻˵ǶᣡһҲųȥ
ЫС˵ɫѿǲ˵ûҶһǴҶûл·ˣֻǲ֪ǲҶ֮䣬ʲôޣȻ˴ĻǵҪأ
ɫ¶ˣ֪ǲҶ˽𣬾ͲӦ÷ſֽŵģ˵ʲôˡ
ѾʼˣҲ֪ǷûǷͨԼЩӳĻ᣿
ǵҲӦöǶԷڷţӳ˵棬ȻҪԾĴ
һΣͼ·ˡ
ףҶأЫŮͻȻЩ𾪵غ
ʲôЫŮһ֮󣬶Ŀתڿе
ڵƹӰ죬οòǺǱô֮󣬵ı谭ߡ
ˣҲܹطֱ棬ӦñѪɵҶʱȻͬһ㣬ʧˡ
ô¶ּ״ɵЩľ
飬ǵһʵ̫ˡ
ͺЩħʦϷһΣյĹͷҶɹذӵʧˣ
ǣôأ
ܣܣѹڵϵǲʱҲǰĹһĻɵĵ㺮
ҶǸһ㣬ҶΪϳ¼ҵӵܣǲһ㣬ҶʱһֱǺСĵġ
ղŵһϵжѣҶûʲôӦĻᣬôܶȥأ˵ˣӿɲһӣǲ֮ǰرģΧýʵʵĴָϸĸֽҲʵúܣø־⣬Ҳþһӡ
˵Ƥӵ£ҶôӳȥģԲܣ
ЫŮаȥӵĵײʱ򣬾ͷֽѾŤˣ¶˺ܴһһ˵ҶӦþǴ϶ģֻǲ֪ȥ
ôģЫŮЩŵؿ󶴵
ֹȥһۣɫЩѿˣⲻùɵģץסҶʱϲûʲôߣǱͽָſġ
ôܣЫŮŵֵжϣôֵĸֽҪͽֳſĻǵжڿ㴩ĳҲ첻ɣ
һУǵƤӵ°쵽ģҶû¶һۼ
̫ˣʱֺЫŮǲʶԼ˶ô鷳һ
Ӧô죿һѯʵ
ЫСˣʱ鶼ܶտռڣǾƿԣΨһҶȻԼܵˣ©ƫҹ꣬˥˼㡣
ô죿ֻмˡִʱҲߡ
ҶϵĻл˽ʱΨһĳѾԼܵˣҲûκεƾ̣ҪӵûҲֻͶһ·ߡ
ֻǣôͷͶȴǵĻʲôأһ㵶ԼҲûһİա
ӣֺȻԺ˵
һͼָǲɵЩɻ
ҶûܣôǲȷʵһʱըΪһҪɱҶǸȶأҶѾˣôǲҲûʲôвˣߴĳڴҪӳȥĻҪǲһЩ
Ͼǲ»ص˽⣬ԶΪࡣ
ǵΪϴĻҲǱӵģ˾ͽǲذ
Ƿܹųȥֻпˡֳ˵
ΪʲôЫŮˣЩֵطʵ
˵ҶʣһвĻЫŮܹģΪҶȷʵǸǲʲôأѵ˵˻ΪĴڣԵµʹôģɱ
ЫŮ벻ͨʲôǲܵ顣
֪λʲô𣿡ֲʵ
£ѵɹЭǵ𣿡ЫŮ˵
ӵҲɻ֪Ҳ͸ЫŮ࣬ǲֵˣ½߶Ҳʲô˼ɵģ˭ͼܴ½߹أҲˣѵ˵˻ҳڱ֧
Ҫ˵ָΪǲ½⽻ջʲôˣǾԲܵ顣
飬Ǳ֮ΨֲôԼ¶ǲǵΪ
ңҵҲ˲ͷ̨Ǳ߶ĵ֣ҲϴǸйϵģǴɡ
ЩˣǾԼùģɡ
λĴϰ壬ֵĹԱֿǲ˵ȥ֮ǰǴ½췴ӵһУ١ʵݣǾ˵ĺܣǸҶϳ¼ҵĵĳλ˽ӣ
ʲôϢ֮ЫС˶һ쳣㵵ı飬ôҲû뵽Ȼ顣
˵һ䣬ʵҲϳ¼ҵΨһָˡֲһ棬ҶӦûӦǵһЩġ
ǲ˵ֵĻ¶һ˿ɫֻڱýʵʵȷʵҲûʲôҲֻкݺݵصɵ۶ѡ
ʱͻȻͣЩ׮Ҳͣ»ֱޱȼž
ͨһҶ֣ͶɣҸʮĿʱ䣬ĻҲʹôģɱԸǡ
ˣһҶȻѾӳȥˡ
Ҷǵϣһʣһҧķ򺰵ڿտĵ»صš


1064 Ǿ̸а
٣˵ϻһʡЩɻضҶ˵
ʱҶѾ˵ϣʱɡµϢ˪ңιȹ֭
һε飬ǰ˪ŵòᣬҲǸŵòᣬһҶʲôӣǿҪ춯صġ
߶ŸոչжҶ˳ʱ˳ȥ䡣
˵»棬ʲô飬ȴһ֪ҲνڵصҶˣҰȻͺá
ĵһ£˻㱨
ķӦҲܵ͵ֻ˵ԼѾ֪ˣûġ
ҲǸоһ˼Ǿ˵Ҷģɲһ㡣
һʣҶںȹ֭м飬˪ʱػһӹ̹Ļ֮󣬾üͷ˪ʵм𣿡
ûа˪ˣɵЩȣҲǵĵűץߵģǸŮƭ˵顭
٣Ѿͷǿɶ񣬾ȻҵƭϵҶ֮󣬹Ȼмŭ潫ЫŮ˺üٱ¶
ڵµʱԼҲûмڶʣǴʱô˵Ҳѣô˵ĻҶʱˡ
ǰǲץסˡҶ˵
ǲüͷܿ˭ϳ¼ҵǸ˽ôֻˣ
٣Ǹ̨Ǳ߶˹ˣҲпֵίɡҶشܿͰĥ͸ˣЫС˱Ҫǩ֮ˣģƫƫˣԾץǲֱԴǵʣôһĻҵеôˡţ֣мּǵġ
ԼץԼˣⲻﶷôҶ˵мּأԱ߶˪ˣɵЩ벻ͨƵġ
ﶷûгֵ֤ݿ֤һġҶһ̯˫ֵ˵ǲҲʣȷʵһж
ȻҶȻָӵϵˣµЫСǲһ򾡣ֻǺܼ򵥵ѣڵƫƫų˷˵ǵ滹һʣеðˡ
ΪŪЩˣһܹҵǲʬģһ鷳
ûֱ֤ݱǲЩЫСһǰ£ǲҲֻܱ
Ļ֪¶ϳ¼ң˵ϳ¼ҹϵϺõһЩɾл˵ˡ
ûǲϳ¼ҵ˽ӲͬʱҲڴɱҶжкܴɣЩǲ²⣬ûõʮ֤Ҷ˰ǲɱˣ¶ɾڲȥģԷ϶˻ᷴҶ
ôأҶ
ôȥҲʲô¶ܵиİ취ǡ
ܹģҲֻҶԼˡ
һӣżżҶʱˣȻͲôˣԷȴǳźܴѹģʱʱϵԽãµ˾Խ꣬ļ֮˵ҲήԤڣͶ
áӦһתͷȥˡ
ʱϵ֣Ҷ֮⣬оֵؾһЩսʿ߶Χһˮйͨǲõĵֵӵóȥ
ϳ¼ô¶˪ҶߣЩʵ
ǰǸǼҲκţҸȥˣҵҲҴ̫ˡҶʱ飬򵥵ظ˪˼䣬ֻ˵һ˼ҵĴϱҲˣһ쵽һ
ֲ˼ҺǣҪء˪ˣЩп
ǼҸ鷳һץסǲǻʲô˵Ҷ˵˾ҴгίǵǰҲֱ׳ġ
ϳ¼ȥ֮Ȼǰ֮ӰѾˣҶȻûȥǣƫƫҶ˶鷳˷ǳˡ
һץסǲٸһǺݵģܹϳ¼;׳Ҷҵͬ£Ҳ󻼣ôһĻͻ̤ʵˡ
ϾȻҶҵʵڲ̫ϳ¼ʲô˽µһЩĦҲܱ֤ǻʲôʱһ˰˲õ
ôܳģ˪ʵ
⣬Ա߶ҶҲеǳ档
˵һӶ֯ҲǾḻûɱ˰飬ӦֵҶ䵽ǵУȻܹԼӳӦ˵Է̫ǣҶ̫ƻأ
Щʵ̫ɶˣᵽ¶ҶЩ߷ߵرʾҵǵ֮һֻӣֽô֣ǻõҸ˰Уϲ죬²ŵأܶܲˣˣ
أ˪Щǵʵ
Ҷ˵иŮҵɫǹͰҵƨɣǲǼһMP5ǹɨң̫ɺˣ
㻹û¶ԷǹҲ̫˰ɣ˪Ҷ˵϶̫ˣĻбóǹɨ䣬ôܰȻأⲻ
ΪҼ࣬ӵôܴõңҶǺһЦңӵȻһҾͳǲע⣬ܵˣȻҾˡ
ô򵥣˪ˣȻǲŵġ
ֲɵӣôҶĺӦӼȻ˼רҶģͲֲܻʵ˵ӵ»Լһ󶴣Ҷܳ
٣еﲻסˣҪһ̸С˹Ҷ㱨
̸УðǾͷ̸Ҷͷͬˣ磬Կǽİ취̸вǽ˵Ψһ·
˪Ҷ۾Ц⣬ȻǶ⻰еЩȤ
⻰˵ġҶ˪һۣһ㶼ϲôңǸоȭͷ׶һЩ
ǿʳַȭͷľϴǹ淨˵̸ܽʲôģеЦˣ⽻һϻ
Ҷͬˣ͹ȥ¶
˼ӣͿԼˣΪ˱ʾԼ޺¸ˣ˫ָ߾˳
λǳġҶ˵ֵ󣬲ɵЩȵ˵
ֵֻϣǰغݺύģмʮ˰̣ģһ£Ӧܹͱ棬һλϵһף治֪ôġ
Ҷ⸱龰ҲɵЩ̾


1065 кñ
õֹҶ˰ֵ
ҶľǷſһ·ɵ˹Ҷǰվס
͸ոոϻһһңγ˱ģʽҶм䣬ǿ˵һۣ;˻ǺвԵģܴ⡣
˵ӰҶЫСûǱȽģֻڲ˷Ӱжչ
˵ĻҶҪƾԼȫˣ治һ׵顣
ʲô˵ҶվԼǰųĬʵô̫ҿǻѻ˵̸һȽϺá
Ҷгô죿ֿҶʵǶץ𣿡
ΪЫСĸˣĵľһ㣬ǽ˾ļطΧ֮ڵĻǺΪӶڹ̾Ǳ߶Ҳаףһѱǲᴮͨһ𣬷ǵľˡ
Ǻǣ֪˰ɣ֪ˣαصأҶԣȻ֪ǵʲôǱЦЦ
ǵΣû̫ѡأӶֻ·һ˹Ӷ߻һֱԵ
Ҷ˵ͷûзʲô
ʵϣϣǻʲô֮ģҲ˿Ըıһ顣
֮ҶָԵ˵·һǰǽ˺Ҳٲ֣ʲôȫƽյΪΡ
ѡڶɡˣûпǣֱӷ˵һ·
ãԼѡ񣬲Ҫ˵ҵ̡̫Ҷͷ
Ȼѡ̸УѾ˳ֵ׼ޱػش
ȻҶǽȻܵõһƽУǰµһЩӣһҲᱻ㹻ǰεпһϵеĴ鷳
ȻˣҶĵڶ·ʲôܡ
壬ǸԡҶվһԵ˵
ӦһܿʹԱ߶һϡ
Ҳû˵ʲôֱһȭͰѴϸҿһͿʱͽһϸ˶Ƕ
ҶȻѡΪЧǾͱҵĹأҪǲѣ֪Ӧô˵ɣ
סֵͷӦ
ãֵǶɡҶԵ˵
ûжãЫС˾Ѻű廨ǲ˳
ʲһӴ֡һ߶ƲƲ˵
šӦһĿЩת˼ȦҲû˵ʲôĻ
ԱЫСжʮˣֽɫȫװĻǿսӦԽǿڶǺһսȽϤгһգҶҪȡ˽жĻЫСǸѡ
ҶڵĲԣʮӶʵҲʲô¶ǴӳԶ۵ĻôȻһЩ
˶ѾЩˣȻ˵׼ʳˮڴѹĻУȻûʲôʳʱһΪǿϴѾҶЭ顣
ʲôҶͻȻʵֵ
Ѧֻش
ýʲôҶʵ
Ѧϡֻش
ѦϣеѥӡҶֹһѥӣЫӣŶӦгŵˮ׼Ҳһѡ
һӣо߲ڸϵǹΪҶΪ°ǵЫС˽ѯ֤ʵǲ֮Ҷо壬ЫСˡ
˵ʲô˼أеҶ
ĥһ£ͻشԾרǲǶβ߻ɱٵıߣǰξҪץȥҵֵ˸һ˶ٵУкùӳԣ
Ȼˣɱ˲𣬺αôŪڣҿ˿ӷƨһ˵
ٵ˼ܹµ͸ģһ۵棬һưɣţٴʱһǲϢͳȥˡ
Ŷ̫㣬ԸϹˣͷ˵
УǲȻһ㣬ҶУʵֻһֻˡ
һжǹݵġҶƽԶҶ˵
Ҷ˰ܵ飬ոմҶƽĶ棬ֻҶƽδüŭҶѾˡ
ˣҶƽҲǼʹģǵ˵һεİжϳ¼ҵ˽ǲ̨֣Ǳ߶ĹӶɵ֮󣬾͸ˡ
ûҶĲ֣˽Щһͳͳͻͻͻˡ
һ㣬˿ҪɣΪִԱȫ쵽顣
ϾЩ˴ϸǽսеĵˣôԴǲȡȻʩҲʲôֵ飬ǰɱ⣬ҲȻ顣
ԼĹ񣬶һе⣬ı߸ڵȨܺʹɱڵҪԱͼˣɱ̲֮ܽޡ
Ҷİ֮Ҷƽƽȶˡ
Ҷ뷨ܼ򵥣ʵǲЩȻ󽫷ųȥֵø߲澡˽֪ѾʧƵϳ¼ңΪ⵽ĴҲûжɽĿԡ
ҹݣǲ֪ˣѾӳˣǱػҪɱңǿ벻̣Ҷֱ׳رʾǼˣȻҪн׼
ǲһĻϳ¼ҿɾǺˡҶƽͷ
˵Ҳепϳ¼ңǺεȵӺգҶԷͥ񣬿ǾҶ֮£ǿޱȵϳ¼ңȻ߽⣬ɢˣżʱ䰡
߲ĺԸ⿴ģеʱ򣬱һЩҶ˵
Ҷƽһ£ȻҶ˵ʵһֱὫ½ְ飬нĴ˾
ŶҶˣǳһϢȷʵеͻȻ
֪ϳ¼˭򵹵ģó½˴˾Ļû׼ϳ¼ҴϢĻᣬϾ½ûʲô̫ëȫϳ¼㸲ĳ֮ѡ
ôһڣ½ǳ׾ˣҹҲŤúܣǺǡҶƽ¶Ц
Ҷھһ֧󣬺ܶ˶ǿۺ죬Ҫȥܰ־ģȻҲһϣı䡣
ǴҶԸվҶңƾٸҶ϶ĳ½ʧΪһȡɵķӡ
ǲƱػǣϳ¼ҵϣҽӳ½ǣôԷ̣ͳˡ
⵹һ֮ϲˡкñҶ֮ҲɵЦ


1066 Ů
⵹һ֮ϲˡкñҶ֮ҲɵЦ
Ҷû뵽½Ȼ㷭ĻᣬҲҿ˽ǲԼ棬ɾܽ»ˣһ鷳ˡ
ҶҵǿѹƳ½϶ܰ쵽ģôĽǵ¸˶ǲ
ôҶһõˣҶƽȻ֪ᣬֵȭ
˵ЩҲܿɶ񣬾ȻԽ˪ͷˡ뵽ʱҶƽüͷЩŭ
˪ѾͷҶƽӶǼģҶƼҶƽģίίϣҶƽİҲȽϴҶƽǳĸɲ˪¶Ļȷʵе˵ȥ
Ǹǲ£Ļ̨ô뵽˪вңҶش
飬ҶҲеǳŭԼë࣬ΨһȱݾŮ̫ˣҲߡ
Ůв飬ʵҲǺֵֻλĴɻľǻˣҶԣˡ
飬һøһɫģ뵽һε飬Ҷ˵
ҲǺܺôҶƽͶ˵̨Ǳ߶ԼҲ쵼˸ոտᣬʱҪάϵϵʱʱĦƻһЩõãҲӡ
˾һʺߵҪ̫ǵĿǵļˡҶЩΪȻڹȨϣӦÿ˵ɫҪʱ򣬾͵òȡһȻʩ֪ط˭˵㣡
ʵϣҶ˵Ļһû
֮϶ûʲôãפפǺ˰֮󣬻϶ش˼鷳Ҳ˵ϵķ磬ֻһս⣬˺ǵĹ
飬еˡҶƽҡͷڹڶ̨Ҳܴ󣬶һ²һµ뷨ռϷ硣
뷨ǺͿġҶ˵ڵǸ쵼ˣϾǵģòʣʵ֧ˣл룬Կҿò˼꣬ǵȨ͵ñɫڵִ͵̨ʱһƬɫ߶Ӽ֡
Щ飬ҶȻ֪ô¶ģֻЩҲֻ΢һѣϾûз飬˭Ҳ˵ͽѡ
ֻЩ棬Ŀ϶棬Ը˵ʱҪ˵ġ
ֿҲûСҶƽ˶ӵĻЩ죬û뵽Ǳ߶ľƻкоֻȻԷչΪĹеֻҪ̫Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣϾҪչҲһ֣Ǯ
Ҷ˵ͷϸҶƽĻе
ڵ㵹˼ͳһأһûǮûװ˼ƾɶĻ
װѾˣҪ»ĻҪʽάճѵҲһСĿڵ̣Ҳ˵ǹȫ֣ȵ÷չˣȻǮЩ顣
װڿ϶ûϷǼз棬һֱûͣһӦҲ֪ġҶƽҶ˵ԣЩɧ˵˵޷ôеˡ
ҶˣʱЦ
ʵҲ֪ô¶ֻһζԷ˰˪ͷϣеǳŭѣ˵ҲǷһûԶ
̸ʵ˰Ҷͣͣ̾һ
̸ʵ˰仰˵úáҶƽˣ˵ͷͬ
Ҷնרſ˪ؼҡ
ͷҲǸոոϻ֪Ůһܷ粨һʡ
ҶҪһģֻҶүӴ绰ѯϸȻʵϹ飬òǰˣȥһЩš
ϾϹǽҪȥ顣
Ҷ뿪֮סŮ֣ʼ׷ʽ顣
ô˸أܿ𣿡ʵ۾涼ǵɫ
Ȼ˵ҲǺеλļͥˣ͸ǹίίĸʡ쵼ϻһֽʵȨ̶ǼѾͷɾ˪һȻȫеĽ㡣
Ȼ˵Ů¶ǱҶƽΪ彫ȵͣҲ޷ģֻǸոҶڳЩýˡ
ЩҪҶûиҰô˪赭дػش
ڰܵ飬ʵ˵ʲôֻҶðŷոн飬ȴеǳ𶯣ʱ˵Ȼһϵļ¶
⺢ӵҲŮ˵ʱ֮̾˿ֻü֮Ȼһ˿ɫ
ŮشˣҶȴһܺõĺӣ˿ɼŮ÷ģܹ¶һ¶
ֻǿϧǣҶѾһδ޳ˣ涼㣬ͬʱǳүӵŮϳҵ飬ԼѾͷǱȲϵġ
ǴŮƽʱıһƺϵҶϣһα֮ҶðΣȥ˪˹档
Щ迴úȴַǳġ
ˣŮһ쵣µģϢɡͼӻҪ˵ʲôʹЩ飬Ƶ̫Ҳʡ
˪ûжʲôȷʵеƣĸоǾ¥ϴȥˡ
ôҰѻ˵ꣿЩ͡
˵ʲôڸŮ˵ȥףܣҡҡͷ
͵ĵλԽԽߣʵȨ֮һڹڸʡԱ棬ҲһֿȵǣͽҲԽԽࡣ
ǵ˵֪͵ŮѾʮ˳ƯѧҲߣͬʱ˻𱬵ϵҪԱʱⷽ涯Խ˾͸ˡ
£ͽӵʮ׵顣
ֻڵ۽ҲߣһȻŲ棬ϾԼϹҲȨأֽҶңûбҪ˱ϢҲʲô̧ԼݣԶƵˡ
죬ȴһλ̳ϵϵﱲҲ˱ʾⷽ˼еЩˡ
ϾԶԷݵλԼǰֻڵӱֽϲܿõᣬҪ˵ĶҲǲܵġ
ңм˵кܴҲҪһм˵ĸܣܾôȻܾ
ⶫǻģСȦ棬ŵԵ˱ͷǳޣ˶ˣʱŮ˵ʲô¶


1067 мƽ
ҲܾôŰɣ飬ҪġҲżɵѿڶҶãҲûлΪǼҵŮ
ô˵Ȼûʲô
ʵҲˣҶĻѾˣֻڰҶͻûеͶѣȵһ֮پлҲˮɵ顣
ֻ˵ҶѾδ޵һ㣬ñŮ˶
е飬ǽ˲ֻܿŮԼ뷨ΡͶڴҲһЩͷʹͷֻܹŮȴܱʲôѡ񣬷Ļҵ׳顣
ҲİҲҡҡͷ
˪Ҷ֮Ĺϵȷʵֻ÷ĸݣͬѧ٣˵ǳҲ٣Ǵ˽˸һ˿ģҶ˪ü֮ͺŮҶ֮ĹϵѾˡ
ֻǴƽòϢ֪ҶŮ֮ĹϵǴ⣬ûзչͷ΢һЩ
ΪˣǺܵģһĳһ죬ŮһʱͻȻѳֲסˣص飬ǿҪôճ
飬һΪãϵԽãԽ׸Ů̵˺˼ȥǾӦó׽顣
ǲסˣҡҡͷ
ŮԸ׵ȻѾͷڸգ׼˵飬ǲ޵ģͬϵ׷һ
ûҶĻͻֻһ˵ɲԶûлٵ̨ԼĴǣߵĿܽ
ʹһҶй֪֮ģҶҵϵ֮󣬾ԽԽ˽⵽ҶҶҵڲһӵô򵥣ҶҵĵҲĿǰҶҵ
˵ҶҵûҶĴڣڵ÷չͷ
Ҷ˽Խ࣬;ԽŮҶ֮ľҪһˡ
ֻ뷨ȴǲ͸¶ĻŮǵķԾͷޱȣ߻һЩ벻鷳
ҶССͣȻгҪһܸᲢ۵ˣȷʵס˵
ˣȷʵܶࡣ
߶ĽӴȽ϶࣬ԲѧģǸзչľӢǣǹΪܼģֻǾô˲ţҲҲڶܹҶġ
ȻһֱҪŮӶҶаѳͬʱҲҪҵһܹҶͥˣ¡
˵ôһĿֻܴУȴҲҲڶˡ
鷳ڡ͵ͷͬ
Ҷֻһͨ˵Ļж͵ķչаҲڻŮҸȥŮ١
Ҷʵ̫ˣѾδޣͻᰵһ£ôһŮǸǶõ鰡
ϲӣʵҲǺܲ˲ţǺҲˣţ֪һнŴѧʿͷΣ΢һϾҪʮˡ˵
ʵ̳ӵܵһ׮Ĳ治ʲô¶ʮӻȱȽأҪģǶԷķչǰҲǱȽϿõġ
ϲȻ缸Ѿȥˣ̳ϵӰ컹ǺģʵѧһλعչҲߴ·ӣֱӾͶһλãӦòʲôһ֮󣬾ĸɲˡ
߶иѧĺ˲źܶ࣬Ҳкܶ쵼λϲܹܿӦڵĻôʮ֮ǰͳΪɲĿǼߵġ
һȽ׶ķչ֮·ȻҶ޷ȣǸĹڸɲȣȷʵǺ㣬ǻٶȡ
ܹ˵ŮҲšͿ˿ӵ
ڼ飬Ͳôܹ࣬ͨãõġ
ԿɡΪŮҸǵóһ²С
Ҷãȴʺ˪Ǹˣ˭Ѿ涩˻أÿҲȻͬԼŮ˼ҵּùˡ
Ҷص֮󣬾ͼҶƽѾػˡ
ѻ֪˰Ҷ飬ʱڸ֪ʲôͨ绰˵÷ǳͶӡ
ڻˡѻˣҴҵؽͨ˵˵
١Ҷһ죬ڵļ𣬻躰ӣȷʵеεĸо뵽ҶƽίԱˣҶүӵǰʵʵĺ浹Ҳƽࡣ
ˣոո˻㱨߶Ƿӿ˲ٿ˰ҶƽҶ˵˻֣þȥ淿䣬Ҫӵ˵һЩ顣
ҲʼעˣҶˣȴüͷ
Ĵ󲿳ͨҶνҶλ󲿳ӡҲȽ̣ǶڹܹЩȤҲЩ衣
ΪĳЩϣλ󲿳ûзʲôã˶ҲǱȽ̵ġ
Ϲһ£˹صע˵ǹڽʮһ£ҲΪŷҲǲ顣Ҷƽ˵޶ԵĻǲˡ
ҲԡҶˣ˵ͷʾͬ
ǴǴְȨΧЩ飬Ҳ˳µģֻҶе棬ҶƽҪʲôȨ
ϾҶƽίԱӵɱȨ飬ҪжĻܲȹɽţĻһʲôӣ˵ȥġ
˵ƬطҶƽԾʵһĴڣκҪ¶ĻҶƽԿԲӡ
ϣ飬ЫСЩˡҶƽŶҶ˵
ŶûУҶ۾һ
˰ʲô˼Ҷʱ²͸Լץĳɼƾʲô͸ǵأ˵ˣһЫСͶԼˣдãܾù˵ġ
ҶƽˣʱЦ
ҶķӦǿϵģϾҶԼһоٽֳţĽͨҶҲܾͶָֻţ˵ǿҶʲôģҲǲܰ쵽顣
Ǽܸǵģǵ岼ôҶ˵ңֻҪǽͨԹ㱨ĻʵûбҪǵġ
ȻҲʱȥǣֻ鴦յһ㱨ѡҶƽͷڶӵ˼˽ġ
飬Ÿոտʼͣ˵ķչȻҪҶô


1068 ̷ʤ
ҶݣЩ鷳ͨй˵Ļ㱨˵Ҷƽûǵ֮Щͷ˵
ҶƽˣҶ͸˵ˣоֵȷʵýͨеɵ
Ȼ֪Ҷǽͬ־һϵǾгȻλͨҲóȻȥϾΪôһ飬ȥͬ־ܹ˵ܣ˵ʲôأ
Ϲ¼ҲãҶЫСܰЩϸ˵ǹķ֮£ûǵʲô飬ýͨ÷ǳΡ
ȥĻںܶڵĴڸУҪ챻Ҷˢûˡ
϶ǲеģٽܴͨӦͱóһֿһӸɱĻԺ飬ĺ˵
˼룬˾ԼĸһϢĵط˳ȥ
ûãϳ¼ҵ˾ܵһǳҪϢ˵ǲҶץסˡ
ʲôõϢĳ½ʱЩ𾪣ôᷢ飿
ǲ˽ӣһȻһֱضǼڲһЩ߲ǣ滹һЩĻġ
ڳ½пܸǰ£ͻȻϢ˵ʲôأ
½֮࣬ɵЩ
Сô飿½Դ˸еǳ֡
֮ǰİţǲȥǱ߶ȫƹ⣬һΪ˽ʲתƣһҲΪ˱ܻ
Ͼ֮ǰɱҶ飬ǲһֲ߻ģҴڹڵĻ֪ҶңԷŲ
½Ψһָ˽ˣ˭֪ڴǱ߶Ϣ˵ǲΪ¼ıɱҶֱҶ˸׽סˣеǳ𾪡
ǲ飬½ҲǷԵģǲȻҲԼĻͻȻͻعˣһȥҶ
ҶǺεϳ¼ˣһǲô
ڵõ鱨ʾֵίУ̨Ǳ߶һӶ֯һ𣬻صȥ߻Ҷ飬û뵽󹦿һ񡣡𴫻˾˵
½ĥһӣûΪԼ˽վ;ʧ룬лˣϳ¼ұк񱨡
˸֮󣬳½Ϳʼʵԡ
Ȼ֤ܿʵϢ
ãе绰˹Ǳˣа̷ʤΡ
ϳ£ȸ裬Ҫ˵˵̷ʤڵ绰˵
Ȼ˵½ҲûߵϽְϣϾϳ¼ҵĵڶ֮ǰ̷ʤܵҲȽС
Ȼ˵ϳ¼ҵȥˣǳ½һЩüֵģ̷ʤܲûΪԼίԱͿͳ½һۡ
ʵϣ̷ʤ֪Լһϵ㣬ھеӰЩ̫ˣҪı״¿ʼԼ϶ǲеģûǸʱԽڲһЩʸΪãõѡ
ʣ̷ʤܹϵĳ½еģҲеģҲеģôڽãӦҲʲôϡ¶ϾڹԱǵȫǿ쵼˼ѡ
ͬ־ͬ⽫½õĻ¶ϻܹƶġ
֮󣬳½ȥ˳ڵһ˽˻һ裬̷ʤܵĵ
̷ʤܵʱȽϽ٣жʮ֮󣬲١
õˣǱ߶̷̫࣬ʤ֮󣬾ͱʾǸ⡣
̷οˣ½˵
̷ʤܶ仰ûʲô뷨ʵ½˽ЦҲʲô¶ֻı϶ǾͶԳ½˵֣ǸڱҶץˣ¶ӦѾ֪˰ɣ
ոյõϢоͻȻ½ȻҲûıҪͷϵСӲҵĻȻ͵͵˻Լ
˳½Ļ̷ʤܲΪ˵ѣʵҶҺϳ¼֮ìܣ֪֮ҲҶ֪֮ǲͨȻ൱ţƵǶҶͲˣͲһ˵
¶ܲðš̷ʤü豭һڣȻ˵㸴飬ѾüĿҶǱ߶ķƺҲ󣬿ͻȻַ飬þЩ΢ˡ
½ҲЩΣҲû뵽ᷢ顣
˵ʵڻڳ½˽Ӱµ飬ҲеЩƣǲûаռİţʵʵǱ߶ҲˣƫƫҪعʲôҶֱѰ·
ΪţصӰ쵽½ĸƣϳ¼ҵĴǾ޴ġ
ڽͬ־Ǳ߶ڴҲкܴĲġ
Ͼ֮ǰĺܶѾʼˣ½ǷֻܹҪֵĻͨһ¾ͿˣȻڳ飬ͻᵼºܶԤϵĽԽͬ־Ǳ߶Щˡ
֮ǰΪʱһЩװ׸һЩǰװ˷ѵˡ
ͬ־Ϊ˺ܲˣҿҪˡ̷ʤܼ½һյӣЩź˵
Ϊһ׳ͬ־ȻкܶڣȻгίڿλģģҪͳһҲô׵ģǴʱ½εĹؿڣֳ顣
Ĳ˵ֻҪҶҵˣһ§ó½ʧȥᡣ
ǣҶǱ߶ķӦأһǽͬ־̷ʤܣûյǳȷźš
ƺҶҶڴδһԣҲû͸¶ǲ˿ϢĿǰõϢȴ֪Ǵı߶ġ
̷ʤܿ˿½Ҳеϧˡ
ûʲôĻʮ֮󣬳½ͿǾеһôΪ飬ͬ־ƫ̻Ҳ̫ˣϾδĳ½ǶҶҵһǣơ
ҶԴΪڣͻȻĻͬ־ӻᾡʧҲصӰ쵽ĿƳ̶ȡ
Ͼ£һ֮£Ҷء
ҵʵڲеĻֻʱˡ½ĥһ£Ƽһѡ
Ŷ̷ʤ֮󣬵Щ죬û뵽½ƼһλȻҲϳ¼ҵˣǲصùġ
̶ȣҲֻ׼ˣΪѡ֮һҲʲô¶Ϳгίǲͬѡ
Գ½ǰķͷǺۣǨĽŲǳʵһһӡеǳ룬ҪëҲʲôë
Ȼˣһĳ֮ʱҪȽϵģͲǸˣŵӰ
飬һᾡͬ־㱨ϣȡ̷ʤ˵⻰֮󣬾͸Ƕȥ
Ҷ½ڻһӣ̲סе໨豭ˤˡ
õĻᣬȻôǲƻˣ½ʱ棬֮ϨȴҲԷйĵط


1069 ֮룿
Ҷ½ڻһӣ̲סе໨豭ˤˡ
õĻᣬȻôǲƻˣ½ʱ棬֮ϨȴҲԷйĵط
鷳飬ں档
ί߲Ǳ߶ͻȻµ½Ҫڹ涨ʱڣǰίԼ̸
ӵ绰֮󣬳½;Щ̤ʵˡ
ûǲ߻ܲɱҶ飬ô԰Լ̸Ǹ֮ǰһ̸ôͺ˵ˡ
Ӵ󻷾ͬ־Ǳ߶֧ȣѾ½̷ʤܵİݷþ˵һ㡣
˳½ΪǶ·ˡ
ֻԾίԼ̸Ҫ󣬲ûʲôѡϵ⣬ֻ׸ķݶҪĲʵ뷨
ȥֻȥ˳˵顣
һ¡ʱѾԵЩ̬ӣͷȫˣҲЩá
ȻгίλҲûм꣬λͲλľȷʵһ
ҶүӻҪֳ꣬ľȴǿ̫ࡣ
½ųӣҲеĸоֻòһЩǹϵϳ¼ҵǷܹȥҪ⡣
ϳ¼Ƿ񳹵һ겻񣬻ܹػһȫǷܹŤתǬ
룬˵ȥҶǬ
½ˣɵôһ
Ȼ˵Ѿʶһε鲻ð죬Ҳû뵽Ҷҵţɾ൱ڵˣڳԸǿƵԣʵЩԾ
ͨ½Ҳʶһ㣬Ǿϳ¼ҵķʢȷʵѾͬջƻһ㣬һȥˡ
ҶӵҶүӵĵ绰ʱͬϹ˷ɻ
Ϊ˰ȫҶʲ󣬷·ߣһˮ·һ½·ȴ񺽵ķɻֻȻжûоκˡ
ҲֻϹ˷ɻֱǶ
үүãͻȻ绰ʲôҪҪԸҶе֡
һ£ҶүҪð칫ϵģֱֻȷʵǳǳټ
ȻǱ߶ǳʲôҪ飬ҶүӲòˡ
½Ǹ˽ӣˣҶүֱӾʵ
ǲ飬Ҷ彲һε龭Ǳ߶Ҳõϸ鱨ҶҶү˽飬ҲеͻȻ
ȹ£˵½һοҪҾǲŻеôġȻĻ͸ˡҶǲԹǺܴġ
ϾǲɱüΣҶڹͷõˡ
һǲҶȻûʲôÿģһҲΪ˴롣
ķӦǺܿ졣ҶүӶҶǱȽģǲ⣬ϵشʱȹŰɡ
߲֮ʲô紵ݶˣҶˣЩʵ
ԭĻҲòҶүԴ绰
߲㵹ûʲô̫ķ磬ϳ¸ոҹҡҶүӶһµͬˣȻ˵еģìҲУҪ˵ˣƺ˵ҲеĲ̡
Ҷһ⻰ʱЦˡ
ֲϣһ־ǾģҪôҲ׵ЧͲʲô鶼ûзҶүôȻͻȻˡ
Ŀԣǳ㹻潻ҶүӾͼôһǲ⣬Եòô̫Ҫ
ȻҶеСźǴӴֳΪŹǲҲǲܵ飬ʵϵһ˵뷨¶֮Ҫ¶Ͳôˡ
ϳ¸ʲôҶʵ
һʮȽҪְλҴ͹ҪλҶүҲ̹ȻشҶȻûʲôġ
ϳôˣҶ֮󣬵ǾЩ档
ճƶϣǲ۸Ͳֵô࣬ҶͲȥƽˣһϳ¼ҾȻôĽȷʵ˾Щ˼ѵ˵ǼĻۣ
ôصĽǷҶҵϣҲǻ˽ǵģҪ˵ϳ¼ˡ
ȻֻǷŹǲô򵥡Ҷүӽ͵ϳµ˼ǻҪó½нĴ쵼
ԲУҲ̫ˣҶˣûпǣֱӾͷԡ
Ŷ̬ôͻȻôȷҶүˣûµطʵ
ǲԷŹǳ½һ£ϾѻҶصػشԹǹȨȻǺƽȨͿ䣬ϳ¼ҶԣûоȨΪ֧ţ̳ϵһûгԶķչǰҲûĿԣҪǵõ˾ȨԺ飬ɾĲ˵ˡ
˼ǣҶүˣ˵ͷȻʵ
ϲǲ飬ȡҶϵػشҾͲˣЩڵ½ܹԸԳسɹ
뷨ΪֱӣҲЧֻҪǰѳ½ǲ֮Ĺϵһ¶ټǲҶδɱôһڣɾˣǽͬ־Ҫھϵƽ⣬Ҳôԣ¶ϳ¼ҲԸ
Ȼˣʵ˲
ҶôģҲֻǰвϳ¼ҵĳ룬ȴ׵ʵУϾֲĶУǱѶԷ壬ôûбҪƣ棬
ţ뷨Ҷүӵͷ˵ǲԷŹ½ܸǰɣ
ԣ˼Ҷ׿ϵ
ĻϳµĽҪһЩˡҶүĥ
˼ǺģҪȷ½ĵλõ½ɹôͬ־϶ΪеһҪڡ
Ȩ֣С
һϳ¼ھվסţôǵľɲ϶¾£Գ½Ϊģܹܿһ֧ͬҶҷͥĶ
˵Ҷң𽥵ؽȨͷţ˳֮£ҶھӰȻήͺܶ࣬Ƿǳ
мڴˣҶϽǲͣҲӦ½
֮룿
ʵǳ½޷ϳ¼ҵһλҶүȴ˵ôһ䣬ţѾ˺ѡ
ҶˣҲǵ˵ͷԷҲɵӣȻ֪飬ѱҶҸ׿ϣôһı÷Ҫǰ׼ˡ
Σϳ¼ҵű뱻˵һϵܹλӰҲҪˡҶشʮĻж


1070 ûմ
Σϳ¼ҵű뱻˵һϵܹλӰҲҪˡҶشʮĻж
ҶүҶĻ֮󣬵Ǻؿһ£ͬĿ
Ҷ˵Ȩᣬʮֵܹġ
ƽ棬ǷֿģھȨƿأȻеģǴӸĽǶҪࡣ
ԶԣνԳһϵڲǬ
һԣҲʮѣô̵ʱڣȻҲܹһЩӰ飬˵һ죬һЩƶȣʹþֶıȵȣǴӴĲܹıǵʵʿȨ
Ϊһ㣬Գ˿֮⣬Ҫ֤Լľ쵼ȨͲܲӶھӰ͸졣
һ㣬ȷʵǱȽѵġ
ү֮˵һЩ飬òĿս˹Ҷرֻ
٣үӣȹˡҶ˵䣬Ȼ˵һθͬУܿ͵ˡ
áҶүȻ֪λָ˭ڵ绰˵ʺãûʲôɻĻ֮סǼҰɡ
Ҷرֻ֮󣬾͸һԣڱĿϹ裬˵ҶүӵĽ顣
ྩҲǺ˽⣬һжİžǡϹͷһΪҹ֮£Ǹˡ
Ǻǣ֮£ӦõġҶǺһЦ
Ϲ裬治ð׶һȻΪ˼͹ʸϣǰ߹٣ȴҲǴǵķһ棬ΪϹܿ岻ģϹҲүүԸûʲô
ϧˡϹͻȻ˵ôһ䡣
ţʲôҶӦеķɻżȻϹ˵ôһ䣬ɵЩ졣
˵ڵʵеĻƶһһƣе鷳ҪǰĻҾǰСܿ޸㵱С檣ҲǱȽϸ˵ġϹ˵
ҶˣɵԼıӣеΡ
Ϲ֮ܿ飬Ȼ˵û̫֣Ϲϳɾ۹ⶾôܿһͷ
ʱϹ赱ָ飬ҶϻеȵģϾƺе֮Σĸо
Ҫ˵һһƣҲǺ׼ȷҶȻ뵽ʲôЦŲƴڻ˽ڵƶȣʵһһƣֻҪ㹻ŶƶʲôĸͲǸϰ
һһơǺǣ˵Ǻ˼ϹˣǺܸȤĥһӣЦŵͷ
Ҷ˵Ȼǰ࣬Ǵӵǰʵ˵ҲûƷƶҲǸոпܶطȻǵλַƷÿ˷ַʱǻͷѪ
ǹƷҲôĻǮͿԣпλҪű֮ģ͵˷ȻǴڵĸ
û·ͽ᲻˻ˣ
й˵״СũʶӶ࣬һ˵Ǯͼ÷õءϹ費ɵ˵ʵҲףŷǱ߶ϹҵķزĿҲܲ٣ƵꡢׯǱһЩġ
ϹҵķزĿǱȽϸ߶˵ģܼ򵥵ؿ¥ʲôģҶˣͶǼҵĳǱȤ
ʿǱ߶ҲгǱҶʵ
Ǻǣŷ޸ضУ¹ӢȵȡϹĴ𰸣Եƺһ㣬Ҳ˵ҪһЩȽµĳǱűҪܵŵıģÿɷþͲһСĿǸ㡣ϹҵĳǱһ㶼ѡλýϺã⾰ɫ˵ĵضΡ
ŶӡҶˣ˵ͷ
ŷǱ߶ĹűҶҲ˵һЩ
ŷӵػԻ͵ĳǱƣǧ˲ǻʵۡðռһ󸻺ÿһһصĹϴ˵ĵ桢
ֻǣܹű˼෱ȴΪʷƬеշת֣еıɾ㡢еıװɾƵ꣬еģվһѻĲݴУѱʷû
ЩűһſѤıʯǶŷ޴½ĸ䣬һִŵߣ¼ǧ˥衣
ǧʱ⣬ѽǵķ紵ȥ棬ķѼžǵʿţϢнԶ
ԷۣгĹűЩűУ󲿷ֶѾȽϲƣۼ۲ߣеĻʮԪܹ򵽣ǺڵɷòǴͷ
ԶԣϹѡϽĳǱ򣬻ǱȽǵġ
ҪǸСܿӣҾͰʿĳǱһΣϹȻҶ˵
ҶеȻ˿Ϲ裬˵˵
Ҷתһ룬ҲܹϹ뷨ԣٻ󰡣ȨƵλЩǺܳĶˣ۵ͲԳǱʲôҲһȽϴ˽ղضѡ
ΪϹµʵѪʵѪͷĵ顣
ĿǰϹڲӵǶԣϹϲҶһЩôܹҶΪԼӵĸףһϹҵĻ򣬶ϹԣҲһǳõѡ
¶ÿСܿͬ񡣡Ҷһ£ûдͷĻԣϾˣҶûбҪʲôִʡ
ֻҪԭԵ⣬˳˵䣬Ҳʲô¶
ԣϹ裬ҶҲû˵ʲôѾδʲô֮ƵϹܿϡ
ϹܿŷأͷҲ̾ͰҪҶ֡
Ҷĥһ£ԼûռˣװϹһ̳ˣֻõǱʹȨѣڲƴֵҶٶԣȷʵʲô⡣
ǶһϹܿ뷿УܹΪ˵ղͬʱҲҪܶණ˵Ϲҵ֧ʲôġ
ȥҶ;ҶϹմ⣬Լûжĺô
˼λ֮һȥתתϹ۾˵
Ӧõģһᰲź¶ȥҶϹ뷨ûие֡
ϹǱ߶˶ԣеʥأȥĹͲػعˡ
ҪȵʲôսС˹΢ӣҶѯʵ
ȣллҶڻش
һŤͷеؿЦݵĿս㣬ǱˣʶòսЦ
̫ˣû뵽Ȼ㡣ҶʱЦô㻻˺ôû˵أ


1071 ת
ոո˺ߣҰѹˡЦҶϹ赹˿ȣС͵
Ŷ˵Ҷ˵ͷʱЦĹʱ䣬ȴǲôŵġ
ЦҲӦһ£һսһСǰȥ
Ϲ迴˿ЦıӰ۵شƨԲòҪСܿѷһ
Ҷ˸۶ûд𻰡
Ϲܿòܹȵϵȷʵ࣬ΪѪĹϵϹܿò˵ǲ֮ѡ
ϸ˵ЦҲ൱Ưֻ׵ûϹܿǿѣά˴ͳĻҲʲôȱ㡣
ϹϼһﵱҲǷмͲ˵ˣ˸ȻѾǸʱȻǷò̴棬Ĳϡ
£ϹڸҶˣһЩȤ¡
ЩʷҰʷûмصĶҶˣȻеЩ棬Ҫ֪ϹǸǻʯһĴڣ˵飬ֻҪǿ󵼣ǻ϶߲һЩ顣
Ǵʷѧ潲Ǵ潲Щ鶼кǿĲοֵ
ȥ꣬ٲĺôϹҶ˵˵Ҳòˣʱ򶼸ˡ
װɣǷŲҲֲңʡٸ־ʲôģǾͲ˵ˡҶǶñḬ̄ĵ̾ͱ̬ȡ
ʲôѡŮöҲӦõġϹƲƲ˵ˣûĻҲô˳Ȩˡ
Ҷûپֻܾ濪ʼ²Ϲ辿ڽǱ߶ʲôΪʲôڿеĸоأ
Ҫ֪ϣܹϹúмֵĶѾˡ
ҶȻûʲô̰ȴһЩġ
뵽δճ̰ţҶҲܱ֤ԼһʱͬϹȥ꣬ϾԼ뿪ɽѾһˣôֹػȥ
񣬾Ǳ֤Ϲ谲ȫִﾩǣʣµ飬ĹϵͲǺܴˡ
ͬϹ˵Ϲ赱һЩҲܸȤķѵʱղ࣬ȥһҲǿԵġ
ꡣҶֹһطŶأ
ϹʱȴѾϣ˯״̬
Ͼͣ״̬תǳ죬ոջ²ͬҶȥʷ˿̾Ѿ˯֮С
Ҷ˿Χͼ˶ʵʵԼλϣǿ鿴͸ϴȥķ羰ƶ˵ķ⣬ҲһЩڴ
ЦѾһ˶񣬴ʱӦûص˺գʼ׼һֵķ
ʵϣսǴڵļֵÿҵԼλ豸ʹ÷ǲϵ;УΪṩʳ
ҲһЩоԶҲǻ⾫ŵһЧֶΣǶЩԿедп־еǣǲͣسԶϣȷʵܹٺܶ鷳
ҶܵգȥЦģǵϹ߶Ӧǽ궯ȷɻھǽ䡣
ͲʮӾִܹﾩǵʱ򣬷ɻͻȻ˹㲥ʾ˾Ͽױɻòתǽ䡣
ܳ
ôӣ
Ŷʱ򻹺úõģôױ
˷׷ױʾԼĲԹصʱܹǳɻģ˵Ǹ󣬶ͨˣȥҲҪģ˷ɻ޷ھǽ䣬ҪתǣôҸеǳơ
սǷ׷׹ͣǿ˷ɻױзеĸ߶ȷյ⣬ţ˲òʵ
ҶˣҲеü
û¶Ļʮ֮ȻӦǣϹʱݣҶҲǳˡ
Ȼ˵Ϲİȫ⣬һֱûгʲô⣬ǲ͵ǣҶʼ޷ɵġ
ͻȻ˷ɻ޷ھǽ䣬Ҫתǵ飬ȷʵҶЩҪ⣬ǾǻǷ޷𽵣
˵ҶĲأһҪܹģκ鶼ҪǰͷС
ͷİťȻš
Цܿ߹ˣСʵôˣ
Ǳ߶ױҶҲСѯʵ
ױǲҪЦ˿ܣ͵Ǳ߶ĻЩ⣬˸ʲôըвԲòĵǻ
ҶˣʱЩ
ͻȻ飬ЩֹģƽʱҲˣڵʱȷʵܲ
ֻʱҪϵ棬ҲôģʹӿڴͳԼоֵ֤Ȼһűд˼֣Ц˵ȥһ£û̸ȡϵֱӸӶʡίɽϵ˵ɻҪ֮ҪžԱӻͰȫ
УЦ˿ҶеĹ֤дĶеɵʵ
Ȼ֪ҶǶɽегЦĸײǺʱó֤ҲǶɽгĹ֤ɵЩ졣
û⡣Ҷͷ϶
ЦŽɵȥǰļʻա
Цôܵǰͷˣһתֵö໨ʮӣǵö׼һԵĶһۣеʵ
ת˵ǷǳҪЦҶо֤Լдı˹ȥ
ʲôһۣʱϵıͱȻЦ˵ţЦȥչ˺λ̾͸ȡ硣
õġЦ˵ͷת뿪ˡ
ʼ磬ʻеʵϴ󣬳ʲô¶ˣ
ɻд˵һȻͿʼͨʱϵ˻ȻͨǽҶҪӶʡίת
ɽǽӵ֪ͨʱҲеȣϸʱ򣬲֪Ҷڷɻ棬˵λͬС
Ȼ˵ҶûеɻһλܹоֳָͬȻһİè
ɽ̾Ϳʼţһ֧ʮ˵侯ӣȫװɳؾΧϻָ֮칫һԼ׸ҪһλͻȻǡ
гԼȴûгӭĻǾ̫ʧˣ쵼Ҳеġ
ĳӸոճغ׾ͽӵ˱ȽϸĻ㱨˵һܺΪױ޷侩ǣԲתǻ
ŶĻνˡɽ֮΢
Է΢˽ãԲԸⱩ¶٣ǼȻҶ㣬ǵûʲô⣬ֻɽǾеԥˣԼǸȥȥأ
һ£ɽǻǾȥ˵


1072 Ц
ǫ֮̃󣬷ɻǻȫ䡣
ҶȴûзŵúɣȵÿǶ˷ɻ֮ڻſһ۾ͿɽǺͽ䱸ɭϵĳ棬ʱһ
ⳡôģǴڰȫɵĸĵΪڵƣҪˡ
ϹīͷѹһСñȴӲȥһոλСͷ
ɽԶԶ˹ȥһʱ֮Ҳ벻ףλҶһߣʲôͷΪʲôҶ֮Ϊأ
ھҲʮʱ䣬쵼ǵҲǷǳϤǶǰһλȷʵѰĸⲻɵɽǸеЩ档
ǺãôԸϹˣҶɽҲе⣬û뵽ɽ˻¶Ūеˡ
Ҷͬ־оֵǻʡίȻţʱ䣬͹ô¶ɽЦĿϹתתȥģȻҪλǺηʥ
ҶȻ֪ɽǵ˼ͽ͵λݱȽ⣬˵ǲӦ͸¶ġǽһҲ
ɽˣɵøǾȡ
ҶģȻᣬǰ¶·Һ̨ʵǿҲкǿӰί쵼ǼǼӵģҪ˵ʱ˵λ⣬Ǿ˵λ治һˡ
Ϊóλǻ˵ĻΪĳʹϸʹԱ͵С
ҶɽǵĶߣĵֹ䣬ɽǶʱ¶˾ȵɫ
һ·ˣӭӶ͡ɽǰʾ˶ϹĻӭ
ˣͻȻıγɣ󱦵أ߶ˡϹܿصͷӦ
Ȼ֪˶ԷݣɽȻ֪Խ͵ԽһЩǾ͵ͷʡίȥˣҶϹҲһͬĳӣ׼ֱʡίдסϢٰ֮Ÿó̡
Ҷʱ򣬾Ц
Ǳ߶Ѿ׵Ҷû뿪͸˹
Ҫûʲô飬ҲԡҶתһ룬ЦҲ·иӦ
Ǿ͵Ըⱻע⵽ԲôģЦǿεˣһͬȥҲûʲô⡣
ðֻݼ١Ц˵ػӦ
죬㹻ˡҶͷЦȥ˾ǣ֡
˸ɽǵĳӣһȥʡίȻֱֵӵʡίдϢ
Ҷݣĸɲ߶סҲǺɵ飬ɽʹк߶дţܳʲôдҲܻӭ˹ǽźá
ֻ˹ûдʲôϹ޳Щ׸ĶҶҲֿտգ߿ڴװ˼пʲôģֻЦһֻ䣬ǻʱõӣҲһЩرƷʲôġ
ҶֱҪһ׷ҡ
ȥ֮ҶͿʼ绰Ǳ߶磬˰·Ϸ顣
Ȼ飿˽һ¡ģǱˣҶ˾а̷ʤΣ˵ڿз֮󣬾Щ֣ΪǱ߶ĸоûʲô
һ̷֮ʤܾͽ绰˻ţ飬Ҷͬ־úܺáȷһЩ⣬ǾǻǱ߶⣬ûжĹϵ
Ҷϸһʣ֪ǻǱ߶ڴһٻԲĿͻӵ˸ĵ֪ͨרϹ顣
ŶĻҾͷˡҶˣһ
ڷϢСʱȻֳЩϢһӣȻһοɾǳ񳵣ֱ߹·ˡ
ǲûͨǵĸٹ·Ϊ벢ǺԶ·ҲԵЩʱ֣Ǿ͵˾ǡ
߶׼˱Ƚϴĳ棬оֵؾھӭǣȻϸıϹˡ
ҶҲЦȥ˴ڣ̷ʤν֮ǳ׷ġ
߰ɣҴȥүүתһתʶʶ档ҶͷһֻЦеӣЦŶ˵
ǴڣЦȻǱ߶ĳˣôҲû뵽ҶȻֵط
ڷɻϵʱ򣬻ĵôʶҶĴЦʱûʲôоλϤֻ˵Ǳ׳ĲţǳضкܴȨһš
ŷĻһûҶȻ߽صĵط
ңոռһλƺǵżһλίԱ潭ͬ־һֵͬһλ쵼ˡ
ļȷʵЦеЩ˼顣
ǺǣǴڣһǲ׽ġҶЦӣɵЦʵңЩطҲߣЩطǰԤԼڴ󲿷˶ԣܹ߶ĵطˡ
ҶĻţڴڵĴ󲿷ֵطܹ߶Ҳλе˽լȥ
ңҶܽںǸǳصĵط첻ġ
оѹЦ˵
֮ȻҲǷǳͨĽҲǷǳͨˣƫƫϴһַǳصĸоЩĹԱǣЦ;һĪѹ
ʵνġҶ˰ֵһ·϶˰ɣҴȥ
Цˣʱһ㶣֪Ҷ˵Ļʲô˼
ڴһԼ֣
¶ȷʵЦеЩˡ
Ҷû˵˵ܿʹЦȥһԺ䣬⴦Ժ俴ȥҲɣͬоأҲʶҶǾְصؼһȻŴ绰ͨ档
ܿ죬͵õ˷е
ЦҶȥ֮󣬴˼Ժ䣬ߵ棬һЩԱЦŸǴкȻͿҶ߽һ칫
칫棬һλĸߴˣǣվһŵͼǰ棬Ǧ湴ģ֪ڸʲô飬ֻһϻרעؿǵͼƺڳ˼
ϸؿһ£ͼһ·ͨͼһЩߣһЩǽɵ·ߣһЩǳﱸеĹ̲ͼ
ȵλתʱЦ;ͺϲˣԾؿλˣЩͰ͵˵ҶҶҶϣ
վǰĲǱˣڵг൱ߵλ֮һٿҶòЦʱ׹ԭλҶүү
ֻû뵽ҶүүȻλҶүӣʵǳԤϡ


1073 ֮Ĺͨ
Ȼ֪Ҷû㹻ݱͲͳεؼегǵЦҶүӵʱ򣬻ЩŲסĸо
λʵ̫ţˣЦ׼Ҳⲻ˷Ӧ
λСôƺҶүӵķӦȽϵЩؿЦһۣȻҶѯʵ
ŶѣЦǰǺգڵ˹Ҷش
ԭλսֲóôƯҶүӵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦȴҲûб¶ʲô̫Ե
ʵҶүҲҶܹ߶Ůӣ϶Щ˵ġ
Щ飬ҶүӲ⣬ֻҪҶܹ̳Ҷҵ²˳ҶҵǾûκˣ飬Сڡ
ЦվҲǣҲǣЩ޴ĸо
Ҷ˾ЦҸүүеҪ̸ϸӰɣȻȥԱ߶ķʱϢһ¡
õġЦҶĻ΢һ
ʵ˵ҶүӴһѹʵеˡ
˵֮䣬ҶʹԱ߶淭һȻкЦվҶүӵԡ
һִӿϣţãЦһ£áҶһ˿ţȻЦ˵ˡ
ҶүϣָҶ˵Сӣ顣
ҶүӺӰ˺ܶ࣬˶ܹõ칫˽˺ӰģЦҶүӵźӰֵͷǳˡ
һĹϵͲܽ뵽Ҷүӵ鷿棬Ҫ˵վԱ߶ӰˣƬųȥĻ϶ȽϴӰ죬ЦĵλҲõǹܣûеõĻᡣ
Ӱ֮ҶЦȥԱ߶ķ䣬ȻҶү̸һε顣
Ҳû뵽һεг̣Ŀİģе鷳Ҷɵþ͸Ҷүӽһ·ϵ飬ڰ飬Ϲҵڲлص֮İ¼ȵȡ
ǺܷḻҶүӶ¶ķӦǺǿҡ
ʵϣΪҶүһˣĴˣҶЩ飬ܹеǳȡ
ֻںƽʱڣҲܹô鷳ҶүҲʼΪйزڶ⹤ϣӦǿһЩĻ˸Ӹӵĳ棬еŲסˡ
ǲ飬ϳԵңӻҪġҶүӾǲ顣
ʱҶڳҶүӾЩ飬øĻ˸ǾͲˡ
ϳ¼ʲôҶĵĲǲϳ¼һḶĴۣǲ
⻹еġҶү˵½һ¾ʹ˴סʮؼλҲ˳Ҫǣԭϳ¼žһöҪҲ¶˳ʡǲ顣
ڽ̸ʱҶүӵĺɫ绰
һȴԭǽͬ־ģɵЩ죬ͬ־ʲô𣿡
ҶϻûϢҹһǷ񷽱㣿ͬ־ڵ绰ѯʵ
õġҶүӵͷӦ
˵绰֮Ҷʵͬ־ҹã¶һ㰡ѵ˵еʲô¶
ŻΪһЩ·ϵ顣Ҷүһ¾˵㲻ڹڣһЩû˵ЩԹĸеⷢѣڸĸǷӦüȥ˲ټͬ־мڴˣҲͬλ߲˽µĽͳһء
Ҷˣʱ׹ˡ
Ȼ˵ѶܵķѾȷˣǹڵˣЩܻڷǳеʱͻȻһ鷳
ͬ־ȻȨǺ飬Ͼһ֣ڶԴĸʲô̬ȣһ˲ûпú
ҶΪˣȻ֪һЩģǶλͬ־Ȼһʼʱ򣬴ΪǱɵһںжУԽܹóʵǸĸĹؼƶ
ڽͬ־λ֮ļ굱УԽԽķɷ濪ʼƳ淶˾ûеճΪҲع淶г֤˸ĸɹ
ⷽͬ־ȷʵǺıԵĴҶòԸе
ҶҲڰʱͬ־߹ˡ
ҶҲûоú֣΢ЦŴк
ҶǲдվӭָкȻд߶ҲҶϵ͡
Ҷһˣòǵ־ͬ־ȰҶ䣬ȻŶҶү˵ҶϣҹҪ̸һ̸ᵽ顣
Ҷո£̾վȻرһºˡ
˭֪ͬ־Ͱ˰ֵ޷ֲʲôܴ£ҲãҲҪҶ
ҶһҶүӣͷûзԣȴܺ棬ͬ־׼˵ʲô飿
λһ𣬺̸ܿĿǰһЩ⡣
ƽݱ䣿ҶˣʱȻ
νġƽݱ䡱߸ҵһڵսԡ
ڶսԺӪĳ֡¢ϵλıơԼͻԼ¼ŵĲģǰսʱڿʼˡ
ҵμʶͨһǹʵġսԻңսĴԼҲԳܵģǣԶ˹Ϊһμҡ⽻ңˡƽݱ䡱ҵսԡ
ͼͨҵĽӴļֵۡʶ̬ʽӰ͸رǵڶ˵˼룬ʹ𲽱öʱ޺ݱɺһġ硱
ʼΪƽݱ䣬ֲиؿչܶǵ˵ǺõģֻԱϴڣҲӡΪ𺦵ţƻȺϵֳΪжǵĿʵԣԸǷǳҪġͬ־˵˳ֿҶһۡ
Ҷϴ˵ôңѵ˵ҾǸܷˣ
Ҷүӵ˵ͷͬġ
ҹĸ￪źͷչƷõĻУʱ帯˼롢ֵʽɱس϶룬ʴĻ塣ƽݱҹĶȨǵĽ͸ĸ￪ţʵвͬ־˵£ȷһЩ֯ɢһֵԱ͵ĸɲ飬ͷԲѣᶨеΥҼܱ͡ʡⷽۺͺܸߣֵעģǸˮܵ˵˵ú
ҿ˵𣿡ҶȻʾ
Ŷ˲ɵöĿתƵҶϣȻеȣʱ򣬾ȻҲл˵


1074 ˮܣ
ˮܵӣᵽĺܶࡣ
˵һֻܷŽˮУܷŽˮʱܻϰֻĽֱ졣
ͨѧãԸҵ쵼΢ŽҪ
ͬҲõ˵ǰĹڣѸɲҪעƽݱҪԡ
Ҷûд˵ֻ˵֮е಻סĸоҪˡ
ŶҶͬ־л˵ܽҲһͬ־ˣǺرʾץúץıֶǳи߼
ͬ־ĻȻе˼Ҳе٩ζ
ҶȻнǱϾҪ͵ö࣬Ҫ˵ܹӸߵĲ棬ԵƿԲǺܴ
ǰڵĴ󻷾Ǽ߲ץõͬʱ㷴ҲǺа취
ҶүûпڣԼӵǱȽ˽ģȻҲΪȫİ취ǼȻҶ̸飬Ǿ˵ſڿӣиˡ
ϣҾôеȥˡҶĻںƽݱĻͻȻ࣬޷Щ˶ڸĸľĺڶҡѣʵǱ̧ͷ
ȻҶү˾üһġ
Դӵȷг÷֮󣬹ⷽ۾ͷǳ࣬Һܶ˶Ƚϱ۵۵Ϊгõǰͷǰ׺ҲȻܹı𽥷仯ʵ
˵ӱǴأҶʵ
ŶҶүӺͽͬ־Ҷ⻰ʱе˼ˡ
ҵһ˵ˮ˵ʱҲ˼תһ룬Һôද򽻵ľ飬ʱǱȽϲпʵ飬Ϊ¶ܣƺҪ漼ܷǡҶ˵Լ٩٩̸˵Һܻλ˼ˮúҲһʹ¶ȡǸʱ򣬱ҲʹҴƾڲ
˵Ҷүӵͷ
дɻ֮󣬸У֮Ҷ渵ΪˮԽܹԽӽ״̬˸׳нֹˮҵİ취ȫϣÿСʱ²10϶ȣð
տʼʱܵȷûΣգˮ¡ˮ³30϶Ժܾ;ˣʼӾҶԽԽˮ³40϶ԺڿʼҶ˵ܱһѹץסҵķؿյ˳ȥ
Ȼ֮󣬶ʱЩ
ҲģֻֻԣǾ˵ͬҶ˵ˮ³40϶ʱܱضһԾ𣬾ܳ
˼ı飬Ҷ˵ӣֻ־¶֮оݡʵǣΪ˵ĵµ֮һȻǲҪ󾭼ѧҶѧǾѧҲӦڳʶϳǣҷǾٵʵǴʱǶǵƶϣܹμ֣
ȻҶĻû˵꣬˵ƽݱĿǴڵģҲҪһ㣬ǰʲôһԣھ÷չøĸʧܵǰ£Ż֮ǵϰյӹȥʱ򣬲Ż
ͬ־ˣͷͬڹ˶ԣˣʵڽʳסеȻ̤֮˾÷չĿ쳵Ըά״ռ
ˣ᲻ʼǼҶ˵Щ˶ԣ״벻ãǶǲģΪǴڵļֵǹᣬǶڴ˶ԣҪֻһȶߵԼԽԽȫᱣϵֻҪ÷չˣᱣϵˣô˷ᷴҵĻҲԽС
˼ףȻԾýΪģǿˣĳЩܵӰ죬ҲҪǰɣҶүˣʵҪܹǵĸôܵӰԽԽ֮󣬹ǻġ
졣Ҷ˵
ͬ־ˣʱһͣ˵СӵǲүүôصģҪҼӣʹƨˡ
ȥҶүӵûʲôŭʵôˣ
ǾҪָĿʲôˡҶ˵
ôһ˵ͬ־ɵþͽĿƵҶүӵϡ
ϣҶүʸ
Ҷү°ͣ˵Ϊ˽ȫ࣬ҲšʵϣҵΪ˰СӸϳȥ˳Լúһ
ɺʵʡҶͷڴ˶ԣԼúãռĿˣʲôģʵ϶ǹƨԣֻҪ÷չˣϰ˺ܺõıϣôͻȶûĸԴ˵ʲôˮܵ飬һͷ浽Σյʱ򣬲ûоѵˡ˵ͬ⣬ǺǣǧжĻϮͬ˭Ҫ˵ͬǲܹݲ塣
ǺǣЩ˼ͬ־ˣ˵ͷҲãһܹݲ塣
˵Ҷͬ־˵ҾӦҵȥһ£һױȽƵ˵ڸϵǳ
ʵ飬ȻǸĸɺͱִ֮ͷһ¶ҲҪȻѾҵ˹Էֱ©ôͬ־ȻŹ֮ĺûᡣ
Ȼ˵ҶĻ˵ĺӣһЩͬ־֮󣬻ǾЩġ
˼䣬ɢˡ
ʣҶүӺҶ֮ҶүӾͶҶ˵˵˵ȥȥΪеȨǰϰնԣûʲôֻҪӹȥ˭Ըô¶
ǺǣҲųЩñȽ϶һЩҶȻ뵽˺һ仰ɵѿڶЩ˾ǳԵع͵ϺģҲû취
٣⻰˵ġҶүȻ֪ع͵ĳϾǸ߲εĴҲܹҶĻк塣
Ϲ飬𣿡ҶȻʵ
Ҫˣкܶ鶼ҪźãһεӰǺܴġҶүӻشгίҪл棬Э˴ҲҪһЩýһϵеı
Ϲع֮£Ӱܴ󣬹Ҳؽ˳ﱸѾӻˣôĶͻȭʽҲΪһش¼
Űɣһε飬ִˡҶүӶҶ˵


1075 ϵ
ϹŵĲִڵڶһ磬ͳ˷ɻ˾ǡ
Ϊгίǣλ磬ȻֻӴϹһˣԱҪԱǲɻȱġ
ϹŴһ·ɻܵ˾̽ʿĻӭҲɳһλгǰӭӣʾǵĳӡ
󣬳Թ緹֮󣬼λгίڴڽӼϹһС
ΪͶʻӵĴţܵĽӴ񣬵Ҳʲôϡ¶
Ͼ׶ΣԾýΪģȷгõλ֮󣬴Ҹһ˼طչãǷչõҪǰᣬȻǳʽͼԼ顣
ЩϵģĿǰطҲãҲãһǳҪĿ⣬ʡ
Ժŵ˵ֽ׶棬һɲʣôδûǰ;Եģںܶ෽棬ʶ֮أҲθɲҪ׼
Ϲŵĵȷʵ˵˼
˵ʵڻһιЩ˵УܹϹͶʷˣҲֻϹϹ׾ѣ˵ϹҵμϹܿʱŷǱ߶һЩƺˣʱϲ
ǶϹϹ׾˵ǵ˼ȴھͶĿϣǶڵζԴӴļ壬˺档
ʼ໥ģûлΪҲ޷չεĺ
Ҷʱȴû̫עϹҵ飬ʵϵһҪɵĿѾȫɣνǹˣҶҵӰϲ¥
˵ý跽棬ϹѾͶˣڲûбҪ׷˼ҵƨɺ棬һҪʵôĻеصĸо
ô仯Ϲҵ˵Ҷ㶨ģȫûбҪһʱ
ʱҶЦݰɡ
ȻЦѾ˹Ĺ˾ھ߶Ҳй˾ʱסէھǵҹԱȽİġ
ᣬҶȻʹһԾǶصҹ
꣬ǵķչ˵һǧҶڳ棬ԿԼߣʱ⿴ȥЦܵ
ܿüͷоһǧ˵ƺе⡣
һĿս㣬һǧ⣬оеˡ
ҶҡҡͷЩͷԺϳȥŶЦ˵ǵĻҲк֣ܶи߶˵ģҲͨģеģҲиӵģǲһ֣϶һЩٶ˵Ķڡ
ЦȻܹҶ˵ġٶˡʲô˼ʵڵǣҲкܶˣֻЩʵ۶ʳǣӽ£ѵû˹ܣѵ𣿡
ʲôҶЦһµŻŻϰհˣЩطǸ˵֣Ҫ֪ܹھǿģɶһЩ̨ģûиίߴ󲿳̨ûдڳͲԼ
ôЦˣɵõһ
ôҲû뵽ھǿȻҪôǿʵ治һܹҵ
ʵϣǵĻҲһûһʵǰ첻ġҶƺĶпǰǵмίǣҵıҪȻף͸Ҫ˵ˣ󲿷˶ʬλزͻӶѡ
һ£ǼңǷҲԼĻأЦԥһӣ̲סҶ
֪ﲻס⡣ҶЦϵĳɱ飬ЦŻشˮ㣬ǼȻҲԼĻȴûַֻǱȽϸ߶˵罻ѣھҲǺܴġ
ҶֲοҵǺ׬ǮģǮ׬ǱЩ˵ˣ
ЦˣʱЦðǾȥʶһǼҵĻ
ǼҵĻʺ԰֮⣬û˼ǵĳ֡Ҷ˵Ͼͼ֣ǴȥҵĳӺˡ
Ҷĳֱӿ˿쵽һһ棬ͣ
ڵϣѲôˣһ紵һЩˬĸоˬˡ
ЦϵСϣһֻҶֱۣһ˽ȥ
ſŪͦɵģ޺ɫҲͦ󣬵ڵĳԶܹоһЩĸо
ӭ΢΢⣬Ŵ򿪣ǽȥ
֮󣬾ͿΣм˰棬һûһʲô߽֮ȴǶת˹ȻЩЦò
ϳʱЦʩ죬ԵüĿ续ò£Ĳɷ
ʱʱ˵ע⡣
һڴ绰ˣŤͷʱҲһ£Ȼ͹˵绰˹
λμ𣿡ʵ
᣿ҶˣȻһ¡
ӵģϳ˴Ļ֮⣬滹һȽϸ߶˵ᣬȦĺܶǶ˽͵ȻЦһ۵λС㳤ôƯȥû׼ܱļҹ˾̽ء
ǹ𣿡ЦȻеȤ
Ȼ˵Ϊս㣬ǾлڷɻϽؽӽǣǺչ˾ĹҲܶ࣬ɧſǣټЩǵͷܴô򽻵ԺӰ̸߽ĻᲢǺܶࡣ
ʱȻ˵ǾۻᣬЦȻЩ˷ܵģʵûй׷ǵ䡣
еģҲأǵҲкܶ˵ͷ϶
Ǿȥ£ЦҶֱۣ˵
μᣬҪġѵ
ǾˡҶûж£ҶĹ˾棬ǶţëڵĻֹ˾˹ɹ￴Щǡ
ЦеźҲû˵ʲô˾ʹˡ
Ǹ˸ҿλʲͨˣﻹһѵûй͸ˡ
ŶҶ˿ݹЩɵؿ˿ˣܾеʲôԾĵط
Ҳֻ֪Ҳͦģ˵ǺأʵĳЩ̧۵ֶζѣû¶Цȥʶһ£Ҳʲô˵顣
˾˳ָķź̺һ˹ȥ
磬ôôģأҪ֪ⶫİһҶ뿪֮еĽ˵
ٺǶڽݲǺ⣬λеӢŮƯǵĿζһΣֻҪٺǸˣ⻹С¶һ׮ЦЦ
˵ϲˣǲģʵ
⻰Ժ˵һ۵ҳԣҽʲôˣѵ㲻֪


1076 ҹ
Ļʱڨڨزˡ
ģͽһϲƣ˲õˣûֵܹס㡣ƺδֽѵ䣬ա
˶ĻΪȻȴ֪һηŽȥҶ˭Ҳﲻˡ
ҶЦȥ֮󣬾ͷ߶ĸȷʵͬͬСһطָ˰˸һ
Ȼ֪ʲôǴÿſıڣܹóǱ߶ǷĪĵ̶
мһҲСԼĪƽңϾһأΧкܶĳɳжѷϵʲôġ
ǽϻ϶˴ĻıͶӣַҵͼ任ţڸ򷢳˼㱵֮
оպ֡Ц˽ŵҶֱۣеɵ˵
һͿĳɳ棬ŮһһؽǸŶԷ壬һԱ߶ڳ
Ҳע⵽ˣЩƺ˾ռˣûЩ飬ҶѰԼĿ꣬Ǵڨ裬ǺȾƣֱӾͽԷɳ棬İĵƹ£Ȼ顣
ʲôطЦоԼϵļƤˣǳ
ǾˡҶ˿ûоú֣ʵϣǰҲֵطģֻǺˣЩ鲻ȤˣϾĿתƵ˼ʢԼԼǰ;ϣɫȮ֮飬ֻ˷ʱѡ
ĳֳϳֵŮǣΪѰ̼ʽΪѰһ԰Ŀɽϵͨȵȡ
ҶУЩ˸ϲ̨ģΪˣǵΪҲԵЩ޼ɵˡ
Ҷִ֪ҪϧëˣȻôƵ
ֻżȻֳɵҶ˵һЩ飬ʱЩп
оеǷϵϢЦҡҡͷеʧ˵ԭΪǵҹӦúܺģû뵽ӡ
ʵطҹҲࡣҶȻרŴ˵ĻȴǺʵڣҵˣһûʱģЩ˻ϲǸǹٶǿһУֻҪܻ߻ӻˡ
֮ЩҹϾȨӵǺȾԼڵĵط
̸ĻһڱȽʽĳֵܳط
ǲ¼ӣзžˮǵƣϺСʲôġ
ñȣ·ĶһҪֵط㶼֪ԼȥʲôҶȻ˵
Цˣʱһ㶡
ոհѺƱҪһڽʣҶô˵
ľҲ̫˰ɣֵطѵҲ⣿ЦЩš
棬ɹĵطءҶЦЦСԳԣˮϾˣר͹ǡ
˵Żʹ˸绰ȥȻǷԸľӳóƿͽ
˵ﲻ˽𣿡Ц˵绰еɻʵ
ոǽʱǸṩʱҶľҪĻǵпûģ˼ҾδػỶӭˡ
ĶöˡҶش
Ҷκһǳо֤ʽƵоֳԱҲпԹľݵҪǾСһ׮Ҷ˿Ϊ˶ġ
˵ǿԿôһҲûпأЦעܿתƵ棬Щš
ֻͷɣֻòʱ򡣡Ҷ˵˵һ㶼ǸϳģһϿҪϯüӣԶʱ䲻ܾãôãûʵʱ䣬ˡ
ЦҶĻʱúеɵõ˵ͷ
ϵ˰ɣֶͲ᲻ˡԱ߶ȴǵĶԻɵЦ
ҶͷһȴǸʮˣԲԲģҲе֣ȥͦƵӡ
Ŷ滹ʲô˵Ҷʵ
ǻ϶ڰžžžءԲ˼üŪ۵ضҶ˵
ʲôžžžЦĻСҶ
١ҶЦһ£ȻЦĶߵһ䡣
ЦˣɵЩȻЩ죬Ȼû뵽ҹȻӡ
ǺٺپٰĻҲмƯġԲ˵˵ʲôÿģжױҲͨˣҿλСҪǿ̫ˡ
˵ŻĿȴЦ϶Ȼе棬ʲôʱðЦôƯŮ
ٺ٣λʲôͷҶˣûԲ˵Ŀ⣬ѯʵ
ھǴʱ٣ڳϵЩǣҶѾİˣֳԱĹǸϣҶ֪һЩνϵ͵Щˣɾûʲôӡˡ
ֵٺٶ֪ԲȻеԾҶе˼ʵ㲻ʶǣôأ
ֳ棬ҪʲôҶΪȻػشϹȾƣſڷǽҲû¶Ծͽ£û뵽ô壬֪Ͳˡ
ӰԲҶĻŵ˵ͷһΪǺٺٵĿء
ȻԲ˵֪Ҷô֮ȾСˣҲû¶ҶֱȽ˳ۣǾ͸Ҷǽ͵ٵĸǾǳԶʵҵĶ³Ͼ˵мڵʲٳϵĹϵã߶Ҫһҵǣ˵ҪͶʮңĴֱʡ
ŶԭǮ˰Ҷˣûʲôرıʾֻǵ˵ͷ
ʮڵͶʣҶ㲻ʲôǮƣҲֹĿ˵ͶʲôģܹҶԽģ϶ʮڰϵĿ㵥λԪ֡
ںǾ͸ԲЩĽ˵׿½ίɲһĴٵĸҲǿġ
̹ᰡҶ˲ɵЦһ£ҲΪȻ
ͷԱҪ͵ýˣҪͷأõĿҲТùԱǣǺĻݹϵ˭Ҳס
˵֮䣬ͼһŴˣˣһλеŮһ˵˵ЦЦ˳˵϶һЩĺΡ
ǡ¶Ҷˣ̾ô¶ˡ
ȻղλӦڰոһ˫ϷĴͳĿ


1077 椶Ҫ
Ůе찡Ҷһۣ˵
ȻԲ˽һӣҶҲûз˵УһǺ٣һ٣ֻǾλŮе졣
ҪǵŮԵʱǺܳģ׼عƨɹԲ۾ŵһ㣬·ҲŤŤȥһЩ˻ǵľͷ
ҪģһɧǵϢһ˼ˣѳֲס
ֻҶϲͣǵĹۣǲϹ̫ܿԶϹСǲŽĹɣǲֹ⹴˵̬֣ҲȻܹ걬ȫ
ֻҶŮе죬ƺ֪￴ԲŻдһ˵
ȻֵطЦֳ棬ȴЩ㵵ĸоȻ֪Ůǵĸ׵ģȻĻҲķӦ
ô֪Ҷʵ
괺ڸոմȦɱһƥЦȻеܽǰʵ˺һҡͷ˵ĿưμӹֻûõΣ֪ôģͻȻ˽ĴһӾ磬һӰȻͻˡ˵ѾѡȦСءû뵽ˣ֮ǰǷǳϲġ
Ц˵⻰ȴ˸Ӭһ㣬еǳġ
ԭΪλŮ崿ˣϣᱻΪһȦŮ֮һȴû뵽˽˻ңеܴ޷⡣
ӶλŮΣأ˵ؽһԴŮȴ⣬еı֮Ц;ŮǵĽڲѾһء
ȻģЦȦЩŮǵĺøС
һγջֻ࣬Ц棬ЩջǸġ
ŮĹȻܹͬʱӦٺˣһ˻˵ǿ˯λģˡԱ߶λԲ˵е˫ĿƵضŮǵͿеδӡ
֣ע󣬹ӵˡҶеεؿԱ߶һԲˣ
Ǻǣʧ̬ˣʧ̬ˡԲ˱ҶѣɵֱĨĨǣеεرʾ
û뵽ֽϲ˵һԺ𣬺иĿϹ˵ԼϻûнѣŮӡЦЩƵ˵
ԲЦĻʱЦˣֽ˵ĻЦˣЩĿйϵϵģֻҪǮĿݶǿǰŵģǶԼϢ˵ʲôŮӣȥҽԺĤҲ˼Ǯɣ
ҶˣЦҡҡͷԲ˵Ҳе
Ȧ飬ҶȻ˽ôǱϾҶⷽȨʿҶҲϲŮǣ¶û¶ǻҶһսʲôģҲҶ˽⵽Ȧ飬ȷʵôɾ˵úܡ
ϰʮݣһΰӣŪϷ磬͸Ҫ˵ˡ
úһ仰ܽᣬǾǣȦҡ
شӰ֮߳󣬾˿мɳ棬ȻϺ̹ȥʱһ
ֻҶҲע⵽˵鶼еܵĸоǴ˼Ѫһ㡣
Ƕڳϵ̡Բ˼Ҷ˼ͽ͵
ŶӰҶһ·ļӳϸխ̣Բ˵Ҳù
Բ˶ʱҡҡͷ̶ͨ˵ϵĶˡ
Ļ棬ζŨңȻǶЩŮ涾Ϊͬ
ںܶǮ˵ƷĴʱıƷⶫĺҲǳһȾ϶֮Ҫ˶þͳ׷ˣ˵ˣҲĳ⣬÷
ֵط治ʺЦʶ߶֮ЩƵضҶ˵
ۿǰеż֮ЦĸоȻãǱƭһΪҶŵĻֱˣҲȥһ̡
ʱļҲ߳ٵİˣ߰˸һģŮ˹ű¶óܶ˶˶Ʒھһ֮󣬴󲿷˶᲻
ʱҶľ͸ʾȼ˾ͽˣǼ˶װӣȴźʲôģؿ˹ҶΧ
һƿ˹Ҷ߶򿪣Ȼͱܵһ߶
ԲЩؿһۣЩЩôģŶͦģǵĶӦǰλ˵Ŷԡ
һϵĺƣʱ۾һüһصķƣǣʮĳûʮòֵ﷢ư
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵λԲ˵ǲףȻһ۾Ϳ˺ƵļֵǸˣǾ˵ϹӶѣǿСš
ȻͺܿظԲ˵һƣȻŸԼЦϣһ±ӣغ
Ǳ߶Щˣȴʼ
٣һˣеЪһ֮󣬴ܵ˶ƷĴ̼ͷֺ»ˣ۾һ˸ԲһҶЦ
ҲǵһۿЦ̶Գ崿ЦȤ
ЦȻźܼ࣬ʼãһڼСõĸоٿ˿Ǳ߶ǳЦȻЦֿ˿Լ߶ɦŪ˵ŮǣʱͲһֻȻҪ˻ĸо
ȦĻɫȻҪðʱ棬ǵļУҪյ߶ţ򲻿ɵģֻ˵ǹ壬᲻
ȻϲŮǣǴ⵱ɻ¶ֻһԼѣҪĸŮǳ÷չŶûеġ
ǰЦȷʵһֺĸоСĸζڵģһ㡣
С죬ŮʲôͷôûпأԱ߶ѯʵ
Ϊٵĸǿźٵĸҵģһһ̣˵赺ϣЯֹһʱ򣬻϶򵥣ϵҹҲġ
ԣμӻЩˣٷȥܲʶǼˡ
˺ٵĻͷŤȥһͿҶʱ۾һȻҡͷ˵˵治ʶӦǷŽСɡ
һʱǱ߶Ҷ˵ЦЦһӵ椶Ҫˣ


1078 ֵд
ٿЦеܲˡ
Ȼ˵ŮǱȽ϶θڣʱҲеᣬͻȻ￴ЦٵеͲס
椶Ҫˣٵĺ˰
ٶŮ˵ȤǺܴȽϲߺŶǿЦԱ߶ҶҶƺҲеǿҶôᣬƺǸѧһȻ档
ٶǸϲҲǮңҵС죬вһ˼ңһǸٴյһĵӿɾ׳ˡ
٣һһʰٶԺ˵
ǺǣϵǲС㶨¶ٹһЦ
˶ⲻʲô¶Щͨ˶ԣ۹ڵ٣һίӵĺ٣ҪĶ
һ仰ȥŵƨԼԹԵ
ٸһҲеݵĸоһ֣ʱид˹
٣ʲôԸиʵ
Ǳ߶ҵƬǵ߶˵ָҶǶ˵
ǡйؽӹٵһƬȻҶǱ߶˹ȥ
ҶЦ߶ȾƣʱѾԲ˵ݣ˽Ǿһҹҵϰ壬ȻᣬȴǧҲһСҵϵĺϵ
˵˻ǻֹ˾ķ֮һֻģ󣬻ӴҶֲεϡ
ǲô˵ھǵȽϤȦҲȽŶ壬һȾʱ򣬵ǺһЩ˵ô֡
ƽʱЩʲôҵ񣿡˵ƣҶҲϤһЩˣԲСͦ˼ģǾ͸̸̸Ƚ顣
Ҫҵ͵ҴӻطһҵȻȥ˽ֻ̫ѶȣǱȽϷԴ˾ϰ忴ϣС˾ֶò͸ռ䡣
ŶӰҶһˣǵʾ͸ͷࡣ
ֵʲôģҿķѧˣǿͣȴֲ棬ôĸɲʵ
ҶЦҲеȤλǶʮҵӣ̸ȴͬһ㣬һԼԼĸ;ǲֻڴѧ˻ɬëͷСӡ
ֻҶԳСţ÷еЩš
ϾҶţǽأҲһϰڵСʲôС֮Ļʵ޷ͬ
ںӶʡְǱ߶ɲõȽϿɣƸҶҲû˵̫ףֻǵԼڵء
Ӷʡĸɲˣʱǰһ˵ӶʡĴϣǱ߶ǷҲʲôҵֵܽܽ¡
ӦñȽϺûɣҶʵ
ҵ࣬ǾҲңռ䲻󡣡͵ʡгȻûһ⣬Ǻ׬ͷģֻز죬ܶϵ綼˳Ҫͷʼ·ͷˡ
Ǻǣ⻰ҲûҶЦЦҸ绰лĻǿϵһ£ӶǱ߶ڹҵеģǹ˾нӹһЩȽϴḶ́ҪǱ߶㣬ʲô⡣
ʱٵо˹
λλС㣬ϰǹȥһơнٵƬ˹һ˵
޹óŶܾ𣿡ҶӹƬɨһۣھ˳ϵҲûʲôֻǽƬֵ˻ȥʶ
ˣʱȻ
μĿˣȻ˶ʶλͬٲ²ǸŽģȻСﰡ
ǻ˾Ĺڣû޹óŵĴأ
ϰǴһ°͵Ա߶λûУλǺ٣үӿίݣ֪ίʲôȫҲһٺ˶ѣôǹȥȾƣǿǡ
ǲί¶Ҷһίʲô˲ģֻǸίݣҼҵĴš
ˣɵЩ㶣˵Сӵ֪֪ʲôί
ھ棬ίȥ˵ĵط
УҪԷһȤûУҲûмҶȥ£㬵ٵƬ˻ȥ
ôӣһпֶ飬Ƭԭ˻ɵòȻɫ
ǲٵţھҲһŮǰȻ飬ٸеǳ
⼸ھӹò÷ˮŮ˲Ȼͼ˸Ҳӡ
٣Сúأ˵ίҪҵţδǸʸ񡣡жʱͼӴ׵˵ҿ֪ߵغСӡ
ôһ˵ˣԱ߶ڶŪŮȹ׵ĺ٣Ҳɫ
ʲôίûʸҵĴţʲôطˣ
ô˵žǱ
̫ˣǸҪһӵŭվ˹
߶ķҶٵоߣϾеˣҶ˵ֵܣеˣˣԺԲƣǺٵǷͬСɰίĶӣȻίʵӰҲˣ˶øء¶ðˡ
ӽкʲôҶʵ
θݣڹԺְ˵ܿҪŵϷĳʡˡ˵⽮
˵ݶϣԼҲеģҶôһ˭֪ԷǲǻﵽͷأҶԣͷŲ˼ҵ۾档
ŶԭҶˣʱ͵˵ͷ
ˣҲ˵һֻûд棬ȴû뵽ӾȻôţھƬ̶ϣаŮΪһӵڰ
ʱ򣬺ٺ˶˹
Сӣǰɣ֪˭ô֪Ұ˭ôһؿҶʵ
ҶٺһЦ˭Ҳ֪˭ҲӦңӦȥ裡ҲвԼ֪˭ѵһİ˾֪ѲɣôΪҵɣ
ЦҶĻɵһЦ˳û뵽ҶĻȻô
ܳ˴ŭôЩ꣬ûб˵ôҪ˵ֺθҲֿȵǰ;һƬ
ûиһĶپȰӸˣˣСץӲľջ־͵д


1079 ôƣ
ٰӸˣЩ⧲ϵĳ±򷭵ĺƽһЩǱһ߶
Ĺ¶ʲôϡ飬ʵҹ棬ûй¶ǲŽв
飬Ҳһȣȭͷ鳣Уǹټ˵Ǿ͸ˣϾӽ£֮
һЩ̫ˣٷĹעôǴӵܣҲһܵԼҲǱȻ飬ϾҶĴڣռĻҲַܵϹ
ӰгίǺίԱίԱǵӵܣȻڶĿעĽ㣬Ǽ׶εģ϶ӵ䶼СˣܳĶӱϾˣҲֵ̫
Ծҹ˻Щίίǵӵܡ
ЩȻܲ¶ҲţЩƺ˼ܹѹǵ̫ࡣ
ȻҲһ仰˵úףѹȣз
СܵѹƵڹǣһͻȻýλ˺ܴߣôǵ̾ͻõӦͣӶֳ¶
ǰĺٺ٣ɾһ
ٵĸ׺θǰ;ԶӰվǼҵӵҲ
ǼǿźμҵչģҪ˵Ǻμ̳ϵİҲΪҵĹϵȻǳС
ԣһŭپӣҲǳ֮ĺ״
٣٣лú˵վ˲ʰԼϵľˮЩǵȰ
ȻұȲ٣Ĺ˾ԼңǸޣԶ٣Щġ
С㲻Ҫ顭ٹȻԷеɵһֵνǲӣ¶û꣡
ôûꣿʱҶվɫǳ
ǴЦʶһҹķ⣬ȴû뵽飬ҶȻˬתһ룬ʶʶǵĹǶҲһѵõ飬Ҷɫ΢תһЩ
Ů죬еĸߡȽ
ƾǣҶٺһЦҿбôɡ
ôĿˣʱһӣͳУǼʶһ£ΪʲôǱЭɡ
ҶһЦ˺ϲС
ٺٲûн鵱ʲô¶ǿҶЦҲͨ˶ѣû׼ѧֻܵΪӿǵòǷŽֶѡ
ƾСܷȻǲܵġ
ֻǾƵķչһ£ֻҶҲһڣ͸ˡ
ӴǣȻбڣС㡣ٺһȴһ£û뵽ҶҲбڵˣҿȥıͦ׶ģġ
١һ䡣
ô˵ģôȥˡҶȻ˵û뵽Ҽ겻ھǻ죬ǾȻͰҸˣⲻãǳãҺ
ס˵ͷʾ⡣
ֻҶȻ͵ԷǲôΪһĿسСӣװƣ㳢ģͲ֪⾩澿˭˵˲
ӶȭͷҪȥҶ졣
˭֪ȭͷҶʱ򣬾һоǱײһȻͣȻ͵˳ȥײú漸ߵ˵ɢһء
ֵѣһöԷʧȥս
ǵ֣ԸС죬ʵеǿĸоҲмٳڶȭֻؿŶԷڵϣΪʹһֻϺ
ܳȻһ֣СǣҴ򣡡һʱŭˡ
ţԼȴ˹ȥȻڴȺܺһЩĵã֪Լս̫嵽ǰͷֻܱ˼ռ˱ˡ
ʲôģжʮ⻹кٺٵһЩǣʮʱӶĶ˵ƿӡ̨֮ĳ䵱Ҷǳɱ
Ůˡٲ潻һ
ЦôƯڻսûˡ
СӸץʦҪգŵش󺰵
ҶˣʱЩһָٵ̫ѡ
Ļո£Ϳ˳ˡ
ֱǣڼоϵ֮սǸҶ˼飬ս⣬ͱȽˣʱԸһȺں֮ڣȻֵ
ʮ֮䣬ԷͱҰ
ôܣٸٿɵһصǣЩ˼صɴ۾ȫû뵽Լ߶ʮΧҶˣȻܣһô̵ʱ֮ڣֱǲܵ
߶ʱͱû
ԭⳡ棬ŮŮļԼ߰ʮʱսŵĴһʣµĴ󲿷ֶŮģսһ߶Χۡ
ʱһ߶ٺܣЩΧȻҪ·ӣҪܿļҳͻˣһɢŴŵķܹȥ
֪Ǹյ˴Ǳ߶ͷִѾˣҶͬһ㣬վȻûж֣͸¶ɱѾ˵⡣
ûܹ߳ȥǵõҶɡ
ֻʾվ˳ؽһӵˣеվ߶Ůվұ߶вŮվм䣡ģŵЩǵǰ֮
ǼʶҶǵֶΣʣµЩ˵Ǻһ֮󣬾ͺԾطֳƬվЩӡ
ҲвģһŮòмɫģվ˳ǻֹ˾ǩԼŮǣҪȥ
ֹ˾ģҶˣɵһҶôҲ
ŮļԼ˵֮󣬶ԷеɣΪüƣͽŲĵ˵ǾҶֵģǸһ
ʲô֣ϹҶĴˣҶҲֻһ£ȻͺܲطʵӣѵΪҶΪһŮˣҼƽ𣿡
Էһ仰ͽԼ˻ŮҲеԾɫҲЩ
ҪҶ֪ٺǲ岻Ļδؾʲô¶Ȼ˵ǰȷʵϹҶĴҶϣûгˣһ㶼˾˦ҲδؾͿΪһϦ֮ͷ¶ġ
ٸˣҲе𶯣ǰˣȻҶҶ£ʲô·أ
ϵҲʵеˣûɵôһֵҪ飬治ôˡ
ôƣٸٻ࿴˿˶Էеľš


1080 δʮꣿ
ҰǺθݡ촽Щɬ˵
Էսʵ̫ǿˣԼ߶ôˣȻͱ˸ŵˣҿԷӣһ㡣
ԲʲôƲٸоҶǾһϻֻǲǾʲô·ȻҸԼȥ
ԣòԼӵŸ
ίݣϷʡǣֿȵ¹ݣȷʵܶ˸еɵ
ӺٶҶ˵Ĺ۲ҶıƺѵأһǾ磬ôԷӦþ֮ˡ
ԸôƷ涯Խ취ԣΪʱԼӵŴȷľ
Ȼ£Ҳеңǲûá
˵Լϰֵ֮󣬸Щˣʱһ
ھʲôӲҶҪһӵģίжֻҪǳˣ϶֪ǶԷֻҪɱԽ޷ݸеηġ
ǣԷҪԶݡ
ҿ˿ҶʶӦòǾĹǣЩףҲֻʡСӲһίĻǲйˡ
ίȷʵʺóŻˣǱȴԽ޴ңҲֻкԼŻȽϺһЩ
ݣҶʱ;Щˡ
ҪƴôҶƲƲ죬һԹԵ˵θݣ½ίԴ񸱲ʮ꣬Ƶ긻ǿ˵νʡǣ˵һ쵼صɲô
ҶȻַһ䣬پ;Щ졣
ӵȷʵͬһ㣬ҪͨίƣߣΪӵıҲѰθݵĸһλгίϵģôǿ֧ԮΪܣθݵǰȻһƬҲܹھǺаԵʱ
ҶȻ֪Ӻθݵģúٵ氲һЩеɣΪʲôҶӵôûбֳʲôηأ
Ȼ֪ǺٵˣǻϽϴһ߶پֱͦӣеĺ۶б۾˵ѾˣֵϾ͵ʱôճ
Ա˵ǻֹ˾ŮǣʱҲ˺ٵӣǿ˵ǺٿϵŮˣһҲܲԿùбٸҺ¿
ǺǡҶΪЦЦ°ͣ˼˵ټȻԱţƴˣôҲһ䣬ˣ

ʲô˼
ˣһãȻȻ㲻ٵ͸Ҷʲôϵ
Ҷƨ£ٴʱ˼ˣƺǾüȻѾݣͬʱĵر˾¶Ӧûж鷳ˣԿҲӲ
ĻûͷһֻӲĶѾס͡
ʾ۾һֻǹǹܣֱ˺ٵ棬ĹâڲʵȻЩĸоվΧ˶ܹоǶв

Ů˼еȻǱʾĶŵˡ
ھ涯ǹǲȻǸˣҲ֪̫ãù̫ߣ
ͷŸɾǶǰˣҲ°ֶʾһŵðЩĺвʵʵػشǶٵ⣬ˣ
ٱŵðΪʾǹܾ棬Ļһƨڵˡ
˵ʾԷûзӦһ
סˡںѸʾ
ܳӱȺɵƸȾˣĻʾһ䣬Ȼǹ˻ֻͻȻմ˺ٵĿˮɵЩԱ߶ɳϲ˲䣬ҪЩȥ
ȴ̱ڵϣƺǱղŸʾĶŵˣðŽͰ͵˵ʮʮߡ
Ƕʮʮߣ㲻Լ궼㲻ɣʾˣʱüͷʵ
Ƕʮߡٺò˵һĻ
ıʾŻˣȻ˵ھΪǻûţƵ̶ֳȣֱǹָŶԷԴ˵
ĻͲڶ٣Ǻˣ˵˼һ鷳ϰֺθݣҲôɡ
ʮˡǺǡҶЦЦһʮء
ҶĻɵƶȻͲ̫󣬲ʮ߸ʮ֮ȴ˵֮𣬲ڿɣ
žҶ˵ֱӱ֣һΪδʮ꣬Ҫҳء
⻰̫ˣʱúٸе֮ϴˣȻ˱ӣ˵㲻飬۸ҪҳæĻ˳ȥԺھǻô
˵ģǱ˴л͹ܵģҪ˵ھЩλ൱ģѷһĹǣ϶ὫһЦ
οôֻۣǶԼˣֺθݵ棬Ҳˡ
ǴðģٵвɵöǸʴʵҶޱߵĺ⣬ȴָ㲻Ǻηʥȷʵúܰ
㾿ҪôԱ߶ٵǱȺеҶ˵¶ˣǱǿ׳ǹڣԣ㻮µǽžǡ
úǰٿҶȻǸˣֻǲ֪ЩǹģҪĻ˵һҪǷǷ֣ɾ治ˡ
Щͽ֮˵ίίԱгίҲǲ𰡡
ԷǶ˵ǰ˼ҷں󣬿û飬ƶԷҲȥԣһʲôġ
پãǮĻƶԷŹǡ
һ棬ܹĻȥģϾԼȫڱ˵ǹ֮£ҪһЩ
ǺǡҵҲܼ򵥡Ҷ˿λɫ٣ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ղҪôȫ̽ǡ
֮󣬶ʱɫףȻϲ˵ľջҪ˱ľջĻǾԲܵ顣
ǿҶ˼˼ôԸġ
뵽ֿԣٵ亹ʱ˳ŲˣҲ˲òһѣеŵرʾԸǮԸǮ
ٺ٣ɲءԱ߶ĸʾЦԣǸȽϻõӣʱ˿ϷŪȻǡ
ʱ򣬾Ĵűˡۡ


1081 Բס
汻ŵƨĺٺٵˣھһЩ
Ǿֵ˰ɣ΢һ£ʼĥ
Ǿ˹ôǲܵǰľˣٶԷٺʲôȫҲһıϡ
ҶȻоɫҶ޷ĺӣĻҲô֣ҲֿͺܳȶҷӦѸٵľʡ
ھ˳֮Ҷ˻ΪĻ¼ķͱˡ
Ҷ˿Щ仯ĺǣû˵ʲôֻǽͷһ£ʾһȥš
ղΪܶҪȥŸʱȻһֱţȴҲܹŶ롣
Ҷһ´˴ţ¶һǿܹһͨķ϶ֻиһӾ͵˽ȻûԤϵŻͻȻ򿪡
˶ʱ˵ڵأǵźë̺ûаˤúʹ
˿˹ȥͷֵڵصĲǱˣһֱ濴Ŷ磬ҲǸҶЦǸˡ
ô㣿ټˣȻЩʧΪǾء
Ȼ粢ûи淢ʲô飬ײײؽȴΪһ飬˲Ұˣû뵽һֱţԡ
˵仰;÷еͷˡ
е˶μطֳ飬߶еģұ߶ŮģʣºٺǼվм䣬ǵǼУǶɵڵϣȻǱ˸ŵˡ
ԲۣǷʲô鰡ʱ󾪣ͻȻоԼʱʵЩʱ
ҿһǳȥźˡɵÿЦ
ֻȥҲˣΪֱˣһ˵ǲҪżȥˣȱȽϺʡ
εͣ˽Ųֹ۲һƣ϶һ㣬ǾǺٸǣʱѾΣ֮С
ô
ȻͿҶЦվһ𣬶ǵΧмɱ£һΪ˱ǰȫֵġ
⼸ˣǺȥǼ𣿡翴Ҷľۣȷǵݣɵðпࡣ
ԭҲҪ⼸˷ŽȥģֻǶԷûа⼸˵һ¶ȭžͰ˳ȥȻ;Դ˽ȥ
粢ûн㱨ΪǾģֻҪڳͲʲôӵӰ죬Ͼٰܹ֪ҹģ϶ڲʿ
ûгʾҲδؾ͵ûʸμʢᣬǱֵԽŵԽпĿˡ
ֻʱͷԼжϳЩ˶ƲΪǳҶЦƺҲǺ˲õĴأǴӵܣ򲻴ܽٺǱƵء
ҵ顭ŶԷĿԼֱתƣ罫˫־ǳԾߵһ߶ҾһŶģʲôûɡ
ʲôûɣҶʱֱǵ԰ɣղſǸǷһġ
Ҳûж⡣͵ȷʵھٰᣬкܶǣѵľˮϺʳ
ֲһ䣬ǶƱĻûһǧǮǾԽġ
˼Ҷǽ׳԰׺Ȱⲻʲôõ飬˵֮˷ʲôͻ֮飬ǾͲˡ
㵹ƵúܸɾҶһǣںԺȵ𣿿СӣһʼûģѵΪһῴնĲɣ
Ҷ˵Ļǲ٣νḬ̄ûѵͣ˵˱󣬻ǸûʲôģЩ˵һ⣬Ҫ̰СˣԴġ
Ҷ֪֮˶ԷģȴҲںΪ֪Լ㹻ѹһУԲҪԷǵ⼿ϡ
ͨ˵ĻᱻԷû׼Ҫ﷢õˡ
Ҷ¶ֻԷҲǱҪǽȥģԺٺǶŭҲڴЩƤ磬Ҳŭ
ٹȻɺޣǸΪĹǣӦʵΪŰãЩΪ
ô죿˵ֻһȶСѣĴΪ΢СɫԽͰҵһƨ˰ɡ
㣿ҶЦЦô˵顣
ʲôԱ߶ټͶԻȡҶˡɵŭյСҪԼˣԺôʰ㣡
٣ү˰عͷȥ˵ҲǴαظһʶӦţҲҰôҿɲһҾһС˼ôڲôڲѽһܶͶɡ飬ǲ𰡡
߶ͷģ˵ٺͺٸеǳҶҲ̫޳ܣӶǵĹӣΪƤǻδ˵İףȴԼαװ޹Ʒ̫֪ˡ
飬ȴܵñ˭죬Լƨ¶ûС
ˣɺ޵ġ
ҲףȰһ顣Ҷһڣ˵
˵һհ졣ҶĻһϲ
Ҷ˵ʲôֻҪֵ̫ģԸӦֻȴΣյĵطӳȥ˵˵ٺǵŭԺ˵ɡ
Ҫ֪ǰЩˣǸǹء
ʹСˣҲŭˣָ
¶Ҫ˵Դͷ磬ûҶ˽ĻҲкЩ鷳¶
ףǸʺӣ֮Դ
ٳ˹ٽȻǲҶҶΣȴȥ˴硣
Ҷ̽ٺٸذ档
֪ӦôŻǿġһֱĬͻȻض˵һ䡣
ˣʱһ£ȻЩԥ˿ڶǹ֮˾
Ա߶棬һֻƿӣߵٵ
ʲôٿ˹ɫʱͱˡ
Ǳ˵ĻٿܻôģǶ磬ǲôģһ콭ô꣬жʵ̫ˡ
ƺҲе˼ɣҧ˵٣ڽɼԲסˣ


1082 һ
Ҫʲôٵӽˡ
˰棬ԴҲ˸סˣ޷תҲ޷ֱӣֻܹ߹ԼоͻȻ÷ǳˬ
žһоԼĿˣҲ
УҪĽడ
ٵľջһ亹ž͸еһʹϮ˲ͻ˹ȥ
죬ҪģˣҪֻܹƽʱ̫ˡģƺΪԼΪҿ͹ɡ
ɿץžƿӵ֣ȴƿѾȵزٵƨ棬Լ֮ͼѪɫҺȻɸˡ
ʱٵŴ˳һЪ˹ĺ
Ƕʲôٵĺ˿־壬ȴǿ羿ЩʲôɵЪ˹غ

ͷҶһۣû˵ĿƺЩӣ֪ԼĶˣͰһżȻԼѾ˳һôʮʲôͬأ
һֻƿӣư«ؽٵĿҲ
㲻Ҵ㲻ҰǺθݣҡӾͲµղЩʲôˡ
飬ٲɵôʧɫϲŮ˲٣ǲϲͬϲ˸㣬뵽ѾþƿӸ˵ǰ֮սսƴ
ס֣Ҫʲôʱ򣬾ںΪԼٷ֮ٵ޷ѱյ³ʱ򣬾Ҷˡ
ţʱͣЩؿҶȻҶΪʲôẰͣ
ЦͰŤһ߶ȻûпǱ߶ʲôǴӶԷĺУҲܹµһ飬ɵЩû뵽ҶôȻʹȥôˡ
Ȼ˵ЦںٺҲûаͬģͨķֶЩǾͿˣûбҪ˽ã˽̣ǲϷ
˵ʵе̫˵ˡҶʱ磬ȴһϣôԱľջأⲻϵĥǾϵĴݲѽ
ӰˣеͷԵĸоǿҶеЦ⣬ʱʵԲԣ˵ķǣҲǰһ֪ԼӦôˣŶȷʵˣĲӦñľջ
˵֮䣬תȥƨϲŵľƿӣ
һӿɲͻȻû谭ٶʱСʧŪ÷ɧζ
ٵˣʱҲ˿ڱǣЩطſ٣ڵϣȻĴˣеʹ˹ȥǲҪ˿סΪˡ
ǲӦȷʵĥһ޹رʾ
ҶʱЦ֪ܸģĪɡ
ͷ֣ȻȽϻ۶ȷʵģҲѹܹ˼ҳ䵱ˣӦݣڲ²˵˼Ҫľֶιݣ֡
ĹӣȷʵǹеļƷܹ˸еĹӡ
ҶЦ֪ԼĶˣǾͺǫѯʵǲǿˣ
ߣΪʲôҪأҶɫһˣλٸŪþջðѪߵõҲذɣ
Уʵ̫ˡˣʱ͵һ˵λȷʵĵģԼʰ٣ȴֵһң˵ⲻ⣬б˸
ΪʲôҶȥʰ٣ȴֹȥأ
תһȦʱ͸еĵ
ţƣҲһģڵµĻ棬ľǮҲԶԶ޷ͬٳϵЩᲢۣҶһˣûʲôѹֻҪЩ͸Ǽҷˡ
ǺپͲͬˣô˵һʵʵίһҪ
ίʲôίʳĸ߲ˣǽ˹Ҿ߲֮һЩ˵ѾԼ棬һĳ̶Ǵǹҵ档
˵ͬҲǵҶҶҲĳЩ̫ˡ
˵Ҷʹһ٣Ѫúٱյ飬ǲģϾʹһί棬սƣǲʵ
ҶˣȫԲںһ㣬ˣͬʱӸλɲôͲĳЩ飬ǰˡ
ԣʱֹ磬úٵľջԱȫ
ӦиίĵҶ˷ſ˺٣˵ôһ䡣
ٴʱڿſڵޱʹ٣к
ҶԣԷǿίķݶϣ³ֻٸҡ
ʱҶһ֣͸ʾ̾ǹ֧վ
ʧȥѹٵҲյһ˽ջеٸ̧һ߶ֻſţȥҩʲôġ
Ȼ˵߶ҹ̴꣬ʲôȴȱҲһЩȵҩ
Ц˲ɵôΪ棬ǵ׼ʱǳѽ
ҶЦЦûд𻰣ʵϣֵطǴܶŹҲãǻջҲãʲôϡ¶ЩҩﶼǱرģǵù״ϾЩʵǲʺȥҽԺҽģԼһ¾ǡ
ʱ򣬾Ȼܴ֡
ۡ
ۡ
˲֮ˣҶԸһš
ͷȻ˽ס˵ĴŸ򿪡
һΣǳ״ˡ
ʱһȺӿ˽ȴǴľ졣
ʲô¶ˣΪʲôôöţΪ׵һ˽ʵ
ǽţͿſɳ٣鲻ɵһ£Ϊóٺеףļⶼšһһջ
٣ôˣϽ˹ȥЩѯʵ
ʶ٣˴֮ҲһȹƣǰҲٴ飬֮һĽġ
һγΪٱ˾˵鷳˵Ļ߶ҲôͰ˸ɹġ
ֻٵӣƺǺĳһ
Ȼٵıߺʹӣȴ˵վһԵȴЩŭؿˣô¶ģôôҪˣ֪֪
ܳ˭ôʰȻ춼
Ϊ׵ľŤͷһϴŷŭı飬ҪȥʱȴλһˣǾ润ĺιӣŭ̾Ϩˡ
ⲻǣ·̫Զ̫ǵĽͨˡٵĻ࣬Աһ


1083 Ϊ
˺֮󣬾پ;ԼĶȷʵһ
˵ֻ鷳ôûʲô⣬ںپȻҲڳʾȫͬˡ
ʲôˣӿǺθݣֿȵίݰ
ھ棬θҲǲܲӵĴڣЩСǣ޷Ĵ
ǵĹģҵľջ챻˱ˣٴʱֶŭضԾ˵
ˣʱһȻ
̾˹ظһ¸ղŷ飬Ǻܿ˽⵽ϵı顣
ô֮󣬶ʱҲһ
ٿſڵϵٵʱ˾͸еЩľʱٻѾ˰״̬ƺһЩɫѪҺһЩ˵ʲôɷֹɵĶ
ٿҶǵʱ򣬾ǵɫͱˣʮͰǸΧ
ǡһȻָҶԾ˵һֺ޲ʳƤ˼
ָңŲҰָͷιҶһɣв
ٶʱŵһ飬ȻղűҶŻˣȻ¡
ǾͲܹˣΪ׵̾ͰֹסڣȻھǰв˵ȫô
˵⼸ˣ˾ٱǹ˺壬֤ȷ䣬ʵأһǶΣշӣʽǽݿۣʲôҵȥɣ
Ļ£ֵµľǾͷ׷׶֣ͳλε㽫Ҷһ򾡣ͳͳ
ǶץʱſڵϵٺȻ˹ѾϹˣʱ޺ŴеҪǵľջ
ϺȻ˸˾ջΪܣֻ˵ľջû뵽Ȼ˸ˣʵʹޣĿ֮У˱֮ĺ⡣
ҶǣٸǺ޲̾ͽǸ£ͷ֮ޡ
ʱҲһ¶ֵģղžҶǹвţھǹˣʱתˣ治ɵðԽпࡣ
֪ӵĻֺαСأӲһµĻҲ͹ȥ
ҶĸҶǹĻҲھǰô͵
ôһ룬ľһ䡣
ǸոҪ֣ͷеͷˣǰ˺ܶڶǹڣָסǡ
ղߴߴģ˶Ϊ̶ˣҶһǹʱͱѻȸ
ҪʲôΪ׵ľҲһȫû뵽
ĺܴæǰҹʱģȻûüǹԭǵҲûа߶鿴öأΪǸܶŹѣֻҪһ棬ȻƽϢ
ȴû뵽ԷȻǹ
һأǵɫɾͱˣÿ˵涼е̬ԡ
ھǶǹģǶһˣ¾ǶԷ֮ͽˡ
ǷϻŪôô졣ʱҶվСԸ
鵽زҪôҲģҶôãȻ֪Ҷ¶׼ҲһһίĶӸŪ֮Ҫô
˵ͷٷģ֪Ӧô
Ҷ˵ͷȻʹЦš
߳ҹ֮ЦغһѾˬһЩĿЩҶѯʵôǹģǰѾ춼ˣ¶Ӧôƺ󰡣
ȻЦѾ֪Ҷǵӣ֪ҶǬүӵӣھ涯ǹģˣ˾죬¶ôô
ֻǲ֪Ҷʱܹ֮أ̩Ȼ֮ʲôѵаԼվڵϵһ𣿻ҪȨѹأ
⣬Цȷʵе벻ס
׽Ҷ˿Ц赭дض˵Ƕгǹ֤ǹ֧ⲻ⡣˵ƾ죬ֻΪ˵鵱УǰʲôʵĽɫ
ЦЩ⣬Ҷͽ͵θӣǸ֯Ļ϶һЩΥ棬Ĳ˵潰ģ֯ʳƷ飬Ҫȡ޲ģҪ˵ǻڸķ⡣ؾ֮֮ȥҲ˵֮ӦһЩģҪϳ͡
ǣܹܵ𣿡Цʵ
ȻЦ֪ҶĸˣȴҲΪԼܹѹƵסǵľǣҪ֪Ҳһǳ̵ĲţδؾԸҳ
ȻǹܵõġҶЦЦѼ㹻ķ֤֮󣬾͸ϳˡ
ŶЦˣƺ˼
Ҳûй˶ãǾͰ˳ˣʱһѵϣùҶ
٣˻е޼ɵˣǸոշֵӰϣ߶˺ܶ飬м¼һЩԼŮǵ֤ݣΪ˵вԷİѱģҲǸҵˡҶ㱨ǿǿ飬Ҳ˺֤ܶ࣬ݳ֣ʵȷ
ؾ֮ϵж٣ҶЩϣһ䡣
ӴǺܶ࣬ǵɳΪǳ䵱ɡΣѲ˵ġش
ţˡҶ˵ͷЩҪôǶԡ
ЩҪôأһ䡣
;оҶһ¾ͻش
ҶȻоֵݣһЩ£Ա£оֵҵǹЩëƤС¶ģǵͷϣҶҲִܲ¡
ҪδҪؾġ
ֻҲһ㣬鴦޷ŷôҶٻ׷ԱεģҲԶ׼ġ
췽棬϶ǲίɣЦʵͽȥ֮ǲǺܿͷųˣҲҹòţ
ôôأҶˣЩطʵ
Ӱϣôݵ𣿡ЦȻػش
ûô򵥵ġҶЦŽ͵ֻҪǽİӣ˭Ҳ̫֣ӻ͹ȥģôĵӣŪ𣿡
ЦŶһЩ˵ô󰡣
Ҷ˾ЦоֵݣûиЦѹЦɣʵҲˣһĵм쵼˾ǣݷôܵǣ
ҲҶİӣĻϵ飬ֻ˵÷ǵóѵһӶѣʱˮƲûڶԩˡ


1084 ʵ¶Ҳð
ǵĹԱսϵĹԱʵѵģ˵ģֻоЩͷͷǵĸٶȣ֪ˡ
ӽ£֮ΰȻ֮أоֵҲΪصģ涼Ҫǰǵһ飬쵼ŭʲôȵĹˡ
ԣڹ˺ܶ࣬ȻĸɲҲܶࡣ
ͺǵ򿪷⸮ʵ԰ݣӦͼֱѧʿҲǱȽţƵĽλڵĻ˵ӦίԱˣȴҪο⸮ƷְλҲǸɲ
һҪԭ򣬾ǾѵǾǵĸĸ٣ѵһƷãסЩͷǡ
ԣҲһǵǣһɶίԱΣҪ㹻ķȨѹЩСǡ
ֻһĻôӦһһѵԱ͹ͷˣҪ˵дĸĸɲǰͷǴҶط˼Ҳܾͱ֤һ⡣
ʱˣô
о־ֳƺǸոβõһλԱ˵һеݹϵ֪ǴԻʵƵ˶ԴҲڣԸ⽫ʵ¶
ڹٳ֮еˣ֪ҪظУĵϸ˸˵Ļô鷳¶ܶģԴҶϲԼıŪصģΪʵʵ༸Աĵ
оֵξֳ϶ǸгίƺҲ⣬ǾǵίίԱίְֳλȻƺίίԾǸʡľǸܾࡣ
ƶȣǴȥײʵеģƺܾļϵľλ㣬൱н
Ǵְ񣬻ǴӼƺھǶ쵱һŶӡ
ϣƺͷӦ꣬ʡļλѺȾơ
Ȼ֮䣬˽кҪĵ绰Ҫһ¡
ʲô飬Ȼʱ绰ƺʱܵӰ죬ǽӹ˵绰ţƺ
ϴϳ¶ˡ绰ģƺŸֳ
ŶƺһԭЩɢɳϵ壬ʱֱ׷ʵʲô
ھΪ٣һоֵľֳƺͷĵȷʵȽأҲУϾڲʮܹʡλϣ˿ϵ֮⣬ԼڵоֵһֵľģҲǷֲġ
ûھ˼ְĻЩףҲôʡϾɲҶƽͳίԱ
ԣķ紵ݶƺ⣬ΪϵƨɵµλӣǷܹȡ
ԴθݵĶӱץоˡֳϢȷʵýܡ
ô¶ƺ˾һæ׷ʵ
θȻǴ󲿳ȴһίݣͱȽѵˣӺھͷҲȽƺҲ֪λڲǣСϣǿӺθݵϣƺͱˡ
ͻȻ˵θݵĶӱץ˻ƺеסˣ⾿ǳʲôأ
еѣץһίĶףץ֮ҪôɾͲ˵ˡ
ƺ뵽еƣ˵ҲǲˣôͻȻĺͿ¶أ浱˼һίɱӣ
ǵץģǱƽġֳ̾͸͵
ǵˣʲôطľ仰ƺ΢һЩ
ȻǾоֵ˳֣ô¶Ͳ㵽Լͷʱ˺θҲ˵ֻе棬˭ۻأ
ġֳ飬ϸƺһȻ˵Էʾ֤оϵͳģҲȫҿ¶ôԵõһʱʾһϴ㡣
У¶ôָоֵ˳Ϲϵˡƺ֮󣬲ɵЩͷ
ӹǣƽʱû¶ϲǣһ⣬ȴһƴ߿ӵо߶ҲִǶԷ̫أѹŻᱻ淨졣
Щ쵼ɲǵӵܣ鷳
Ȼ˵Ҳд˽ĸɲǰ£ɷʲôĶҪ߶վǵʱΣĲ鲻Ըѡ񣬵ǵº󣬹ڻҲ൱ġ
Щ˵˼ƺǷǳ˽ģΪڵϴʱͰ쵼ɲӵܵİӣȻ˵ʱҶʾطɣҪϳͷ˽µĽ׻̫ˡ
ҲǱ޿ɱܣòʹ˶˧ٶ쵼ǣº참ĹԱ飬Щʲôϡ¶
ԹС̲ϴˡĹأҲСӷͬ˵
ǴӸǰһǷӳʵʵڣһֻͳߺŪϰյĹ̬
ĵ˵ƺԸΪһ飬͸Լ鷳ȥΪίĺθݣҪ֪ȻǾǵίίʡĸɲίǣô˼ίθأ
һ£İӣֻҪûгôֱӾʹȥˣͲҪǣǷ³Դֲʲô˵飬αռñľԴأ
ڲһоֵ˲֣Ǿ˵漰϶ҲвͬѰݣƺĵһ㡣
¾£θݵĶԼʲôˣԼԲŻ鷳¶Ҫ֪оֵһ򶼷ǳعأԼĶȥ۸ˡ
ǳˣ˵һвòֵɡ
ͷ۰뵽ƺòԼĶǣԽ
оֹȻǣǺθҲӣѽ
ôˣƣԱ߶һλѼˣЩѯʵ
ϴ鷳ˡ¶ʲôҪܵ飬ƺͽľϽһ£Ȼ˵ǵһǱȽϸӣһСӣ֪ǣٴء
ҲҪԹˣʡλãôܹ䵽ͷϣԱ߶λѾ͹Ц
ﶼҪȳˣﻹ˼ЦңɶɶƺʱЩƵ˵
ƺ¶뾡Ļһθݵ֪߶ΣȻ֣ǸʱԼ߶ɾ뱻ˡ
ǣҪôܹ߶Ĺϵأ治˵
ʵ¶Ҳð졣λЦһӺ󣬾Ͷƺ˵
Ŷ˵ƺüͷʵ


1085 Ʒλ
ƺ飬ȷʵеǳͷۣԶԱ˵Ľ飬ǱȽӵģλѣҲ̳ϵĻֶ
ֱӽӸ֪θݾͿˡѶƺ˵
ǲװɣƺҡͷЩˣ˽úܡҪͼƤ߸õĻش϶ǲ֣ȻȻұִ˶ѣͷǰ鷳Ƹҡ
ƺ鿴úҲԹٵĿͷ
ʵϣҲ˳õģִʵҪұִĻ϶ᷭĺ˵ģɲò
ǺθҲʮͷͣãԽһĿԻǺܴģƺԸΪ£¶Թ
ͷ¡һλЦ˵
ҲСƺҡͷо߶ˣǲطϵģʱͻȻ֣δؾûʲôè壬ɰ˷ˣʱǱ߶׷ȴӦԣ
ƺȻǲθίǲо֣Ҫ֪оֿаֱӹĵλֻһ׳ͬ־ĵǲ
˵ǰƺҪȡҲѣѾһγֵ˼𲻸ߣҶ£ھǱ߶ľ֣֤ҲһУѡ
ļһôƺͲҪǣֱӾƫо߶참ˣ˵߲ߣ˵Ͳ͵ģƺ²һλ
ôһеˣѡһ߶ȥأ治˵
ҲУҲУоֵľֳ湻ҵģԶʡءǰλѾЦ
˭˵ءƺ̾˿ûзһ㣬üͷ˵Ľǣʡŵĸʡ棬ţƺĴõھ
ֻǸппҲԼ飬ΪλòôʡĴңңأͽбˡ
ҲȻˣЩ˾ǣһ˱ϢλѾͻشȻֽ˵飬ûǸθ˵һ˵о쵼עﲻôˣż
ҲԡƺˣϸһĥҲ⻰е
¶ֲԼˣżҲθݲŶԡ
ƺһ£ͷ˺θݵĵ绰룬ܿʹ˹ȥµǰһͨȻ˵β˵߶Ӧչһӵģоֵ쵼עˡδˡ
˵绰ƺһλ˵ˣ¶ôǵĹͨˣҶǰ΢һţ飬θȥ
ʵҲûа׳һ˶ҶЦ˵㿴ʶ˾ǵҹ꣬˾Ƕٵһǹս㿴һմϷ˵˵ջ񻹲ࣿûľԾǵ˽ȻͲô̡
־һΪãڻеľĸоءЦһֻؿڣµ˵
ƽĶۣЦȻǵҲϲֵĻǽţȻѾԤڣľһجһ㣬ҶԵĻᷢʲô״
ЩǵĶǣиûʲôɿԣƺǵĴڣΪ˼̤һй塣
ʵھǣЩ߰ĵط˵ǱȽϰȫġҶЦ˵˵Ӭ޷ĵ⻰ȻеƫҲȫ޵ֳ鷢ļǼСġ
ʱ򣬾ҶЩϻƺЩϸһ룬ȴǺһЩġ
ǽ飬һķ
ٺ֯ҹʵҲбȽ˽ܵĻʵϣõˣһ㶼һʲôʵҹЩŮǣڽӵԷʱ򣬾ƱػϷʲô顣
ǻȥˣ˵ǵѾĬһ㡣
˴ʹʲô飬Ҳǵġ
˵ҶǣõͲ˼ؽ˼ҵĳӣͲǺܺʵΪḬ̄һϻǷǳеġ
ȥ˲ҶĻϿ϶ҪԿġ
ЦҶĻǾ÷ǳе˵ͷ˵úܶԣЩϲƵ˵ͷϣȴϼԼ⣬ʵ׷׵Ļܶ鶼ӹ֮Լеֱ鷳Ҳˡ
ţ·ƽǵӰյúܳܳ߸һ
һ紵ЦԼС׽˽ƺǸее⡣
ҪҪҵĻһ£ҶЦ˵
ֱۣ΢ЦſЦ˳ƽ˻档
ЦûпʲôȻȻҶǰԴҶļͷЩĵ˵˼Ϊ㿴ֳƽĻëСѾͷء
ǿɲһŶûʲô涨˵ϲëСѾͷġҶЦ
ϲʲôŮأЦҶĻ棬еЩܰ˰ȫУϷ飬һЩ죬ʱɢͻȻЩҶ
˵ӦƷλŮӰɡҶĥһ£еշˣĴͬЦñȽϿշ
ƷλЦˣЩ˼ӣָһأţãʳϰߣǶԻƫãܹⷽϵݣʵ̫ˡ
ǺǡҶȻЦ
ЦʲôأЦʵҶЦúɣ֡
ʵܷӳһŮƷζĶźͰãҲʲô顢ʲôôãȥڰһˡҶͻȻС˵һζǾͶЦ˵С˵ģҾͦеġ
С˵İеر𣬵ΪʲôأЦĥһ£ʵ
ΪƷζʱԻǮȥѧΩаʵƷζȫ濴ƷζŵȴһˣôƷζǲôáҶ͵
Ǻǣ˵ƺеЦˣ˵ͷЦҾĻеƫˣʵϣϲһ˵ʱ򣬻ȫŵġ
¶äĿġҶͷش
̸۹ڰʱҶֻһȻ̷ʤܴģɵһ¡
ôˣô̷绰أҶ棬Щ


1086 Ӳ˻ȥ
̷κáԴ̷ʤܣҶϻúܵģ¾ͺܿ˺á
ǺǣҶͬ־á̷ʤڵ绰Ц˵û˯ɣ
ǰѹ·ءҶ̷ʤܵĿƺΪ˹£Ǿͻش
룬̷ʤܴʱ绰ĪҲΪ֮ǰٺץ˵鲻ɣ
Ȼ˵ƽоˣо־ֵİӣӷֱȽУоֳԸˣҲǿģǽƵоֵͷϣҲǺֵ뷨
ֻǲ̷ʤϵΣ
ǺǣҶ¡̷ʤ˾ЦǰǳһǷ˼ҵļҳǺžҵˣ˵¶
Ŷ̷˵ʲô飿ҶһȻ֪Ϊ˺ǵ顣
һҲǿϵģٵĸ׺θݱϾίҺҲпģôθ֪оֱֳ֮ͨϵԼ̷ʤΣҲ¡
̷ֻʤʱ绰Ҷее⡣
ֻ˵̷ʤܶԺθݵӳ̶ȣҪԶԶسҶԤϡ
Ҳ֣Ͼθڸ涼ǾһЩƵģʮͷѾԱɹϷʡ֮󣬻лһίԱĴӡ
Ļɾһ죬ΪȨĵ֮һ
ֿȵ̳Ժгλõ̷ͣʤȻ֮ҹҶ绰Եˡ
θӵ飬𣿡̷ʤʵû⣬Ҳûôĵ
Ŷ¶ҶˣʱЦоֵͷ֤֤ȫȻܹˮҿƺλ̫ˡ
ҶĻ̷ʤǱ߶ʱһ˵ҶҲ̫ˡ
̷ֻʤҲ˼ҶԹԣҲ£ϾǺҶģĻҶһǵˡ
̷ʤȻҶģҶҲĶ΢ʣǿ͹۵˵һ䣬Ҷ˵ӵܣԽ¶ǺθݵĶӷȡ
Ȼ̷ʤȻ¶˭ΣȴòվϣƽµӰ죬ϾθݶǶԣҲǺҪһܹԼӪôǶԽķȨһּǿ
ԣӣ̷ʤܻǼϣܹѹģòʱҶ绰ĿľҪҶԺٵ˵׷
Ҷƽϴ£ôоǱ߶Ҳֻһ仰ѡ
ֻû뵽Ҷϵ̬ǿӲȻоֶʼָ
룬Ҷδ̷ְʤܺҲأ
Ҷ̬ȣ̷ʤܵûжŭϰˣϾ˼Ҷгίȥ
ʱڣȶΪǵľӦüڷչýϣС¶Էһš̷ʤܱʾθǳõһλ߼ɲǻϣܹ°ȫԸùģҲϵϷʡеĲ⣬ϣҶͬ־ܹؿһ¡
̷⻰ұʾͬҶϾͺòθӵһ¼Ҹ˵Ŀбõ׷ܹΪ˭Դ˵ˣ˵θͬ־ܵӰ죬ñְĻҲûбҪҪǲܽ˽һʲصС
⡭̷ʤˣɵøеǳȡ
̷ʤθҶ򽻵Ĵܶ࣬Ȼ֮ļܴ󣬵ΪҶⱳټоֱֵ쵼ԽӴĻܶ࣬Ҷ˽ҲԶǳܱȣҶ顣
һҶЩС¶⣬ǻ̷ӵģǽϾȻһ̷̬ʤܷǳԾˡ
ʼɣҶǿҵطԼ飬Ƿ棬һЩԼ˽Ļڣ
ԺθݵȻܽ˵оǱ߶ҲδؾԸ˼ҵϵ׶˵顣
뵽̷ʤξ;ԼӦȥ˽һ£ӵ
վڳ쵼ϣһϣܹµӰΪá̷ʤεĿתȰΪ
̷ĺģֻЩ飬ʵ̫ˡҶҲƽ˺ܶ࣬ôˡ
еˣ˵ɡ̷ʤܵתһ£ʵڲǽĺʱǾͽ
õģ̷ҶӦ
˹˵绰֮ЦЩʵĸ̷Σ
а̷ʤΣսֵλҶһµ
ЦˣȻһ𾪣û뵽ҶЩĽ֮ӵҶҵԺݱҲڸЩ쵼ڵ绰첱Ӵְɣ
ʵ̫˸еˣЦ֪Щ򽻵ȻҲͨһģԭΪЩ֮Ľƽ͵ģ͵ء
θΪ˶ӣ˲ٵıǮšҶЦ˵ֻҲһ룬ҶҪ飬ָܹѹס𣿡
飬ȷʵǺθԼеŵˡ
˵·֮Ҷҵϣ̬ȿһЩ̬ŵһЩıüһЩһ棬ôû׼ҶүӻҶϵҶкЭһ£¶Ҳôҹȥˡ
ƫƫҵ̷ʤܵͷϣô¶Щ׵ˡ
ȻǶ֪о̷ʤֱܵģҶֳһ˿ɲһĳֱһܲȶأҲǵʱΪƽѡ
ʱǽͬ־Ҳ˵ҶʲôϾվġ
Ҫ˵ҶĹϵЩΪ̷ʤˣθ̷ʤܳѹҶͺҶȫ淴
һ˵θݵĴѡҶеһ˿ŭ
Լ飬Ȼ˼ڸģҲ˼ֲϣ߲ͨĴѹҶҶУֱǲˡ
˵ҶʱεĻֱҪθ̴ίλϸһʲôѹ˵³
ôӲ̷ʤܣ᲻һЩܲõĺЦЩǵ˵ô˵ίԱأаΣҲһ׳
ЦȻڹٳϵ鲻˽⣬ǻʶ֪һЩģһ׳ôܳаԺҪְ
ҶΪ£һ׳ײһ鷳ɾʹˣЦֱΪҶڵ޷Ĵѡ
ЩϣԲòҶҹգᶨ˵ûʲô׵飬ҵƻˡ


1087 ӵ޽
ô˵̷ʤܷ˵绰һԵȺĺθݣ̲סʵ
ԺθݵݣҪݼ̷ʤܣҲʲô¶Ȼ˵ίҪԶίԱҲǰųԱˣȻʸίԱ̸һЩ顣
ʵϣ̷ʤܶںθݵĵûʲôһЩӭ̬ڡ
ϾίҲ޵ģθҪְίǴ£ص󣬾Ǹƽʱ̷ʤҲܶҪ˵Էˣһϵĺûᡣ
˵̷ʤҡҡͷ
θݿ̷ʤܣЩŵӣ̷ΣֱܵĲ£һӶɣ
ʵ󣬾оֵ˳֣Ǽ𲢲ߣֻСˣǿǵиҪָʹҲֱӾҵ̷ʤ
Ǵ̷ʤܵıƺеƿˡ
¶˼𲻸ߣоֵʽ̷ʤڵ񻨶ĺľ̫ʦϣԱ߶廪յһڣȻԺθ˵ǳֵˣȴеѰ
ʲôҪԸҶأθʵ
Ҷ̷ʤܿ˺θһۣػش
ҶҶҵҶθˣʱһе𶯵طʵ
ǸҶڳôأ̷ʤܲʵ˵ʵҲеп
˵оʲôصĻҶɣȻΪֱ쵼һ㣬Ҳͬ־˼Ҷоְʵһ˵ȨԼ
ȴɵģʹҶϵͽͬ־һϵõؽ˺ͬʱҲĳЩĻǵĲģԶһ˿ô򵥡
ԣҶǳʲôֻҪûд⣬ô̷ʤܸ͹ܲʲô
ڽθõϣ̷ʤҲӵ˱ȽϸĻ㱨֪ҶĲ޲ףǺθݵĶӼ߰ߣһͱȥǼѪɡ
θ֮ȴЩżϻĸо
ҶθеԲˣҵúܡ
ʵǸ㲻ҶƽʱھǣôżһΣȻܹԼ˳ͻŪҪҪݵģӽģҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҷθݲİʵϵּ֮󣬴ѾסģȻ֪Ҷж˵ҶԼϳҶ֧֣ͬ־ĿأгίеĺüλҲ
ʵ벻ͨôǵҶθԼĶǣоǱ߶˵ƺԴ׵飬ǻ֣ͼȺŹҶֱѰ·Ϊ
ȻҪ֪ǲҪҶŮͬʱҪҶյĻθҪӵ뷨ˡ
ǰθͬǸеһĪչ֪ʲôط֡
̷ʤܶѾίԱаˣûа취Ҷô˸ӴҶίΪ
ô죬ѵȥҶҵ𣿡θݵìܵúܣһʱ֮Ծ
ͬҶҵĹϵпɣҲͷˣƫƫ߶ǱȽ϶ϵͲˣҲҲʵȥᡣ
ߣͬ־ܹӰ쵽Ҷľ̷ʤܼθЩûʧ㱵ӣ͸ָһ¡
θˣ΢̧һͷͿ̷ʤеĹâ˸ɵпһӡ
Ȼ֪ͬ־ӣٴ⣬ϳЭҲܹѹ֮أ
֮飬鷳ġ
ϵȻҶңǶڽͬ־ҲǾԶ֮
Ϊӵ飬͵򽭳ͬ־߶Ļ˲ôǱϵ˿϶ʷȡӹϵĴʩ
Ҫ֪ûϲԼϵгͽģɣõ顣
θ϶ึһ潻ҲԸȥƽǷ˼ҵ飬Ƿµףµʱ򻹲𰡡
źθЩ㱵뿪Լİ칫ң̷ʤҲɵҡҡͷӿӵʵ޽⡣
Цڶһ磬ͽӵ˹˾֪ͨݼǰ
ȻеᣬˣϣĸԸر˰ĻҵҪŬȥġ
ЦļͥĽ˿ȸ
ҶЦ֮ûãͽӵ˳ĵ绰
үүҪϹүӻ棬ָءڵ绰˵
㲻˵ҲҪȥģ˾ǣôܲȥ㣿Ҷش
ҿеšһֳôҲûһ
Ҷ˾Цһ㲻ãе紵ݶʹñʲô죬ǴܶѣȻ·˽֪ˡ
Ǿ͸ϿɣǵĽͨǳĶ¡䣬͹˵绰
Ҷǿųģ룬ȥԱ߶̯˵Сԣڵشȥɽׯƺӡ
ϹȻûйС㵹Ժ˸̺٤ȥרעӡ
ҶʰЩݡ
үһʱϴ˲ãûгԶҶŵСԣɵЦҶңʲôóԵĹ
ҲûʲôǽɫѡҶش
үϲԽϵķζСԣǴҶ֪ģֻȻѾȥĻȻǷǳҪĴʳ涼ܵñȽһҲҺһЩĶԡ
ҲҶʸ񣬳ڳүǰô󵨵ظԶ
Ȼ˵һԵıҽ͹ԱҶľٶ΢ʣ˼ҶϳҵŮô򵥣ͬʱоֵĸֳҲ൱ǵ쵼ˣôҶľȻ޷Υ顣
ҾϲЩ˵УǸУҳԵôүãһ߶Զһ߶ҶԹš
ǺǣҲΪү롣ҶȻ˵ԱĲǣЦ˵ϸ˵ǲϹصġ
ҵԵӦÿԼѡүЩ˵ôˣ¶¶ҲԵӦԼɣ
Ǻǣ⻰˵ġҶһЦ˵ô󲻼٣Ҫ˵飬Ҳɣ
Ҷ˵Ĳ٣ʵԳүӵݵλӰڵУȻڷױȵӰҪ˵飬ȷʵ֮١
ҲҪңȷʵЩ飬¾ôһ׮ġүӰ˰֣Ҷ˵
ŶҶʱһ㶣˵ʲô˵أ


1088 
Ϊ͹󳵵ġɲĳүӣ飿
⻰Ҫ˵ĻʮоŸǲŵģʣµİǴӲעʱˡ
Ҷ˳ү⻰ĵһӦ漱תȦʲô¶óү˵Ļ
Ƕϵ˱仯Ա䶯ǾƳת½ṹг˲гأǹĸǾƲȣ
ʾ֭ĥһҲûзʲôҪóүӵǵ飬Ψһɳ֮Ϊ¶ģ޷ǾϹĻع顣
ϹعѾΪ֣λ˾ҪĻ̸ˣȻ⡣
ҶֻнĿĽһ޹ؿųүӣ˵ǡ
θˡүӵҲûзϻֱӾ͵⡣
ŶҶһʱȻֲó绰ʱ򣬾ͱԹһӣԭΪθѾܹˡ
θݵĶӸҶ˳ͻ飬ֲʲôֵÿҫ飬ҵ˳Ҷ£Ļ϶оţܹѸٴϢȥˣ࣬һҹ֮䣬ͷˣֵ涼֪ˣȻϳ߶Ѿ˰ݷù
һ㣬Ҷûо÷ǳֻ֣ȽϹĳүӵĿѯʵүʲô˼
ʲô˼Ҳܲͷˣ˵Ҳû˿ˣҲүӸп
ġҶˣʱһЦ˵߶ûʲô˼Ұɣôûңƺеʧˡ
θݵĸʿڰ鱨ʱģҴ꽻үӼҶһãȻǾͽһ䡣
ԭˣֲóүӻ飬Ҷ֮󣬾͵˵ͷ
ںθݵ飬ȻĥúٵúܸߣϾһίأҪ˵Ϊӷ˵󣬾ֱӾͰѺθݸ˵ǲģΪҶѹˣҶҵ۸ˡ
ȻθݶҶʲô⣬һ֣ҶҵӶһίӡټ֮ǰֹĸϳ¼ҵĶҶͲˣĻ϶Ƕ
ôһҶķչ϶Ǻܲġ
ԣҶһʼ׼ûֱӰѺθֻϣһЩѹӦԣٿһĺ̨Σ
θݹȻûҶʧȻܹҵүӵ·
ԭ֮󡣡ҶˣҲûһھʹӦӦŹ٣ֻеź˵˵ȷʵûɽףؽɽѣүүʿǹԱӾѾ競٣˵ٳ֮ϣܹǷǳѵõˡ
Ҳôԣؼǿҷ硣үḧɳķ֣΢΢һЦҶҲòͬΪ٣ǹ֮ɳǣҪޱȣס
үˣǼҶµˣʵˡҶԸ⽫Ҷҵĳɹ˿ǼĴУԸĸᵽƷϡ
ĳֿʼұˣҪʵˣ¼ûвʵڵˡӳүӶ˼ϣҨһ
һͣͲˣүôͣսֳԹ࣬ǺܶģҽĽ飬ȼƺЧ
ҶҲһ룿һǺȲôġүһ߶ţһ߶ʵ
лˣ治áҶлҲ˵ȼǳүӺȵ֣ȥˮ滹֪ʲôҩģζܵ־ԲҶĿζ
θݶӵ飬ΣүӺȻʵ֪㲻ǺˣȻ֣ô϶ǶԷдȡ
ллүӵΣ¶ȷʵҶȱʾ˸лȻͽʱ齲һ顣
̫ɶˣүӻûôСͲȻɫˣȻǶԺٺǵΪʹ
˵ֻǴܶŹʲô飬Ҳʲô¶
ϾھǵӶ棬ôӵ˲Ҳþͺ֣޷ΪţƵĺٺ٣ĺţƵҶ٣Ҫ˷˲˶ѣʲô¶
ǾȻҶʲôֵ飬óСеǳˣԳү˵үү̫ɶˣ
үˣҲɵüͷθݽ޷ȻôһǵĶ٣ҿǰ;Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
˵үӲɵҡҡͷ˵θݵĸ׸ĹϵȻȴҲǴ꽻ģΪ˹͹ҵˣʿĺˣүӾûӦչһµġ
ҶĻ֮󣬳үӵԺپͰøҲûˣľӦñȥ죬صشһ£ĻǴĽɽᱻЩ˸ܹˣǳү޷̵顣
Ҷ˳үӵĻʱҲ˼
ү˵θݵǰ;Ϊֹ˼ǣȥˣͲҪһӴˣϾҪθѾĸһӣ˵θݵĶӺ٣ʵѵɣһҪ
ү˵ǡҶһ룬Լ뷨Ҳ޼Ǿ͵ͷӦ
һȵүӺ˵ϹѾˡ
ҶȥһλѡүӵºܸߣҶ˵
õġҶӦ
Ϲģ߶ĹϵүӳϹ飬ҲҶһٳɣʱ˻棬Ҷ㣬ǾǷǳ顣
ҶΣү͵˸ڵĻС
Ϲһ·ˡϹѾˣƷ裬үӾЦűʾ˻ӭ
ϵܿˣһʮ꣬ϲҲһ׮¡Ϲ迴˿үӣɵõͷӦ
ϹҪȳүӴʮ꣬ǰǴò;үӾͲϹ࣬߸ֲ
ϾϹãûܹ࣬ĵӾҪúܶ࣬үӴʱͿʼ̣һתս˲ܶ࣬;ͲӦˡ
֮󣬾Ϳʼ̸
Ҷһţ˵һЩ£Ӳ鱾صĶɵøе棬˵ЩȻǸдĲһ
˵ϹַˮĳҲûл׷ˡȻүӾ˵ôһ仰
ǺǣǰˣΪϵܻǵáϹˣЦ
ҶȴǶϹˮ飬Ȼǰ˵һοǵ׿ڳϣȻͬѰ


1089 
үӺϹһСʱӣ͵˶ԣʱ治̣ڳүӵıҽƵƵ̧ȻԵѡ
ҶȻҲˣȴûв廰
֮ͨóүӵ;״̬ʵĳʱ̸ҲĽֻ˽֮Ļû̸ʲôе⣬ҲҪʲôԽ
ǵЩҶûдλүӵ̸
ǹһӣҽڰѳСˣЦ˽Ϲүӣүүȱæˣⶼ쵽ˣҪ緹ǿûʲôرԵĶ
ҲɿڣɡϹЦЦ
ϸؿ˿С棬֪λҶδޣȻ˵ҲŮǻﲻֶŮˮ׼ֻϳŮݣȷʵ˺ܴļӳɣ˭ȢǶһǰס
棬Ϲ뵽ԼŮϹܿ˵òͲƸϣϹܿǱȽռƵģӦܹСͥ
뵽Ϲ費ɵ̾˿ǰûиôϹŮݵλܱȲϳŮأ
ʱĻϹۣܿҪĴŮߵö࣬ǹͷ䣬ҲܲĴڵģֻǿϧˡ
Ϲֿ˿ҶϹܿȻⷽеˣҶĻ޷ΪȨȦĶĺҲֲϹеһź
Ϲҵĺط̳ϹԸһ϶ǿˣֻҪҶڣ¶ǲѰ쵽ġ
йڣǾϵɫɡүһº˵Ȼֲһ䣬һʦó˹ζĲȣҲ¶һֶϹһ¡
˹ζǺٲ˵ġϹʶ㣬Ȼ֪˹ȣԱЦ
Ǻǣʵ˵Ƕ˹ζ˹֮󣬻϶ѾĽˣȴ֪ϹǷԵùߡү˵
Ӧû⡣Ϲͷŷ޶꣬ʳϰȻϮڹʱĴͳ˵Щ˵Ѿܲһˡ
ʲôʱ򣬳ͰҶȥˡ
ôˣҶʵ
ǵģûһɫҶֱ۱ԹүүǶôˣôãӰġ
¶ҶԾЦ§ų֫˳ѣǵóСһ£ͣʵҲ㲻ʲôһֱǵɫʵĳ꣬Ҳкô̫˵Ļδؾѡν֮һһڣҲġ
˲˵˼仰Ҷֻ֮˵٣ǽȥɣүǰѵӴ򿪡
ӣһ£Ҷ߻˷䣬Ȼ󽫵Ӹ򿪡
ʱöŵʱ䣬ҶƵѡһס
λүʳ׶ҶĶЩ棬ŽĿһʼ˼Ԥеһǵ͹ҵ쵼ǣ׷лϹҪš
ȰϹ֮治ɵЩп
뿪½ͣȻ˵ŷ޻Ҳǳ󣬵ǻƣһʧߵĴʣˣҲھټǨȥŷޱܻ
ڵŵУûйȾϹǰĹٷݣصϹŵӴģԼҵΧҪһ㣬Ϲżȫ½гΪڵصľ÷չס
ĽϹܿĸϹ׾ȥֵģǸóбȽĺʡƺҲŷҪһεĺ֮УõһЩô
ҶϹ׾ٰ֮ڣæýͷöˣմ־ҵ񣬹Щ߼ɲĳԺԼι룬Ӧ
ܹҶѾǺܲˡүƺǿϹ뷨Ͷ˵ٵǿղˣϹֵ˵ãһң˵ҲǵóԸοˡ
ϵ˵Ҳǣоɵѣеȥ̨еȥеڿ³찡Ϲ˵ҵȥ̨ƱػܵѹżܹܲϣǳΪζƷˡڴ½³Ҳδؾͺõˡ
ֹǲáҶ˾ƲϹҪڴ½ĻڷͷĴ˺ϱˣߣͷҲ
үˣָָҶȻЩЦãҲûгԷΪ¶ȷʵͬҶԣϹľҪܿʮڣǲܵģԣֻĲͬûвĿܡ
ǳүԼҲܵһĳֻΪ˾ıԶǣھϵĽ˿ɼܵĿⱣܵĳûôѡ
ϣһˣѧѾǸ߹Ծ۹Զ֪Լ޺ôһ֮Ϲͷ˵ʵ֤һߣǱܻˣλ߹ѧ˺ܲ˸еź
ʵϣϣȻˣĴȴûй꣬ͱϣϾӹϵԱڷɱ岻豣
̫ӣҲգҪǻţ̸ܸۣѾԻˡүӰ˰֣ȻǲԸЩˡ
Щ飬գһᶼѪᰡ
һ߶˵һ߶ţȵŽ֮󣬳үӾʵϹһλﶨӣ
ȻҲȽҪڵһֱҲܹһ㡣
ҴסȥǱ߶Ƚҵ塣Ϲһ£ͶԳү˵
Ŷ鰡ȻǼõġүˣ˵ͷʾͬ
֮󣬾е棬Ҷʲô˼ôоһ
ȻһЩ˵ġҶС͵Ϲүӻع֮ȻҪһŵĵطСУԿѡ޷ǾǾǣԼС
ʲôأ淴ʵУһϹľסҪȫûбҪôӡ
ӷչȻ죬ελȻǾߣľס˵ӦǽãԳãѡееһǿġ
ȻˡҶ˿棬ıӵǶĮģԲŻῴĹؼˡ
סҲйϵˣʱеЩȻ


1090 Ҷ֮Զ
סҲйϵˣʱеЩȻ
ϰйϵǸܳʲôϵأҶƺЩţͷˡ
ȻйϵˣûйϵĻΪʲôôעϹүӵȥ򣿡Ҷػش
ǵҲǰ˵ͷҶĻƺҲһЩ
Ȼ˵Ϲѡס֮Ǵȷʵͬ
ѡ˽Ϊ֮أôӽĴͳʷǰ֮ѡطȻζ·ߵļ֣Ҳ˵Ļʹ֮뷨е׵
ѡ˾ǵĻĳЩ˵УζѾͶ˴½һ⵽Ŀʷ
ѡȷʵһ뷨ĿǰѾȫͶ˾ý赱УϵľҲСģϹѡסУͱʾԸز뵽УҪȫȫⷢչϹš
ôһĻƺĴ󲿷ϿϹѡΪ˴ιҪĿģҶΪûҪ˭ġ
ס飬鷳ٺܶ࣬һ߶ġҶԳ͵
û뵽滹ôĽ֮󣬲ɵЩп
үӺϹ̸˾סص⣬ʶѣʱҶôһͣŻȻ˽е顣
ƳүᵽʱѾ˴㣬ϹҲͬһ㣬Ȼ仰Ŀĺڡ
һšСλˣֶ˼ݾء
˶ٷүӾίгҶһϹͻؾƵȥ
˳֮ҶʵϹھǿסùߣ
԰ɣ򣬶Ҷ̫ܲʣҴȥ鶨ӡϹüͷڴ֮ǰҪһ⣬һһЩȻȥ鳤ס
Ϲڽ껹𣿡Ȼһ
Ϲֵؿ˳Сһۣ΢΢һЦﻹʲôѰ޷ǾǻһһЩ¶ѡ
Ҷ˳ĻɵֱŶȻǶе⡣
Ϲ赱ڹڣǰĴ֮һˣύѣȻҲǴٹˣһʲôģڵֻѹ£Щ˶ǱרĶߵˣﻹ
˵ЩûлߵģҲѾץץɱɱͷóˣʱȴҪϹ赽ȥǣ
Ҫ˵ǣ̨Ǳ߶һЩϼһҴɡ
Ϲȥ꣬ʱղ࣬ҵǿȫͬġҶĳСʳʲôûгʶĻǾͲı仯Ҳܴҵȥ󷽱㡣
òˣԸҲȻϹЦŵͷͬȥֵ㹫æ
ȻѾôˣҲں༸ʱ䡣ҶЦɽǱ߶ʲô¶ֱӻ㱨С¶֮ģǲҪҲˡ
ʵϣҶ뿪ζ棬ɽеĹίľ֣νǵһץȨޱߡ
Ҷ뷨ҲϣάһӣһǱľݶΣһЩĲɻ˸һҲصɽ֮ڲһЩְλ
ԣҶҲںٶһζˡ
Ҫһ㣬Ϲᵽڽһصģһιȥ߾ҪѰǸأҶ
飬ҶʼûǹͱʾҪϹȥ꣬һǱһ̽
Ƿǳ棬ϹὫظصʲôطȥ
Ҫ֪ϹѾ뿪½ôˣĵҲѾýȻͬʧȥ˵رΪĻҵһЩر
˽Ϲͻ˾Ƶ֮󣬾ϹܿĸϹ׾䡣
Ϲ׾Ҷ߶ŮӣɵЩ죬һ²֪λǳүӵŮ棬ҲҶδޣɫʱñȽϸӡ
ԭǳС㡣Ϲ׾ͷ˵СǴ½ڹģϹⷽҲһЩĵãԺԶཻ
Ϲˣⷽ𲽲ãϵĲ໹ǱȽϴģϣԺܹǰѧϰرʾ
ǺǣѧϰѧϰϹ׾ͷЦ
֮󣬳ЩʵһϹһع飬״Ǯ
ʵ⣬ĵ˺ܶࡣ
ΪϹŷǱ߶ӰȽϴǳĸ֮ңԶǸȤ˷ǳ࣬ȻҲһ
˵˶Ϲҵ˽⣬޷óһȷеĽۣôһֲٰϹ֮µҶӦ˽ܶĻϹҵʲģȵȡ
Ҳ˵Ҷһ£ϹҵʲģǧԪңҲ˶ʽʲôģܹ֮İԪӰɣľͿǷԸˡ
Ϲŷ޵һЩزĿӦʲǲģܹʽҲ޵ġ
İԪģʽڹڶҲǷǳҪģԿٸĿ
Щʽ𣬴󲿷ֶͶ顣Ҷʾ
˾Цôһζӵڣûа׷ѣôʽȥ飬ֵȴˣʱֱʶҲûлᡣ
ܹ˳볣ǰͿˣûʶҶ˰ֵ۰ֵӱȽϴռλӾУλӾˣһǺ¶Ժ飬Ҳ˵ء
⣬ʵҶԼҲеСᡣ
ҶƽܹǸλӣȻҶҵķޣҲһ㣬Ǿʢ˥ĵԵһ֣ڼδؾǺ¶ĿˣԹҲ࣬ıһʵȨֲҪվ׵ְλ
ͬҶԣ̸⣬ȷʵеΪʱˣҶƽ񣬾ȫչеľý蹤ڸˮƽȫһҸҾоͿɳչĹԴС
ܹ˳һĻôҶƽǰ;ȻҪģ߽ƣҶƽԼҪǸᣬһҪǸλϡ
ԭھǴأû뵽ҪȥˡȻ˵ЩƲֵĸо
ҶˣиԵҵνǾ࣬˴μ棬֪һμʲôʱ¶С϶Щˬġ
ȻˣһȥɡҶȻһͶԳ潨һιȥɽˮô򵥣߻һ̽Ϸء
𣿡ˣȻȤ


1091 ٳ
ҶһȦ˶顣
ص˼ʱ򣬾ͼĳѾͣ棬⻹мһ£֪Ǵ󲮵ĳӣм֪ʲô·
ΪйԵʣҶƽլӣƽʱûʲô˾סԸɴ͵Ҷҵľۻ֮
ҶؾʱȻҲڼסֻʱ򲢲࣬ʹ󲮶۵һ˵д¶Ҫˡ
ҶһΣǡᡣ
ȻŶ룬ͼǾ֮ˡ
󲮣壬ǺǣǳԷأҶˣЦʵ
ΪĳЩԭ򣬾Ǽĳ棬ҶҲһ䡰أǱȽϼɻ飬ϾڳЩ˵У˵ǽƼûпٽµҪ˵ǿĻǱȽصġ
Ȼ˵ڹļУû˵ǲյһСᣬǶλ߶ԣûо׼СᣬǾǷǳΣյźţֵþġ
ҶһݾͿڶԱΣ˳ȥĻ϶ǻķġ
Ȼˣ˵ҲеģҶҿֱ׳رʾһͥۻᣬԳԷһǳõĽڡ
ʵҲˣΧһ𣬵е˷ˣмڵĻ
ԻҲд⡣Ҷ˾Ц
ȻҪ˵ԻȻѵļڣ㣬Ҳûиеʲôʡ
ҶӽЦЦкҶȻ͸ܣ⼸λھʱϲ£˽ᣬԸǸˣֻͣû뵽Ҳˡ
Ҷظλк֪˵УȻϷһλıģнΣ͸󲮲࣬С˼꣬ҲǱȽзչ󾢶ľиɽ
ǺǣöҪȥû뵽ıҶɵЦ
ǺðĲıҲЦպûȥ͸һ߰ɣ·Ҳ˵
ҲǲСҶһ£Ҳ
žһߣȫȻбϣȵ˵ͷԼҲѡסھԺ棬һǷ㣬һǰȫ˺ܶνľ
ϾϹݣﶼصעһζʱʡĴǣ׷̽ϹŵʵҪɴʽߵġ
ϹŵĴȨѾ䵽ϹܿУҶҵĵ㣬ϹһĻϹڲһЩˣᱻЩ˸£ˡ
ȻҶԸ⿴ģȷչǼȶߣһʽɢ֮Щƺõ飬Ͳòˣһ¶Ҷûж룬ʹӦ
˵ϹǱ߶үӲûʲôѲ飬Ҷȫ
Թ֮Ҷߵһ߶̸¶
θݺӵ飬үӽҶජһҶ˵θݻú뱣λӣ뱣ӣҰĲС
ô׵¶Ҷ˾ͺһҵ̬ҲǺȷģθݼȱλӣҲ˶ӣʶĻȡĻûжԸĲϡ
ںٺٵ飬ҶȻǱȽջģҲûзҪһӴ뷨ؼǺθݵ̬ȲҶ֮
θ¶ȷʵҲǷǣȻѾʳǻĸԴӦڵһʱ֮ҵҶҵĻˣ˵壬Լ⣬ȻȡҶ½⡣
ʱô˵ĻҶҲôϾһίӻǱȽֵǮģȻ˵θݲҶӪеģϵ֮侭Ҳ潻飬ԴҴǵѣҲϵĹϵ̫Ӳ
̷ʤܣҪаεѹҶҶеǳˡ
֪ҶʲôˣôӣҲѹҶ󶯸λһҪӸˣԱʾҶҵأ
ңθӵϣȷʵӼ߰ߣû¶һ֮˵ǹûʲôԩġ
ôһЩ仯ʲôġ
ôθ˵飿Ҷüͷóү˵飬Ҷûиӡ
һˣǳүӵŮүȻǺθݻܹҵһЩʸ˵ģүүҲֱѵ
ҶүȻλȨأڴǻܶ࣬棬Ҷү˻кܶ࣬Щеȥ֮͵ˣҲһ˱ȽϻԾĳЩָֻţӰ߲ϲ˵еʱҲǳЦνǻж˿Цá
ǶЩ˰ɣ㻹ܲԴĻһϾ͵ڻ۵ԴˢʲôģǷǳġ
̷ʤȻ뱣θݣ֪Լʵýͬ־Ϊһθݣ͸ҶҸùϵе͸θָһ·ȥϡ͵
һϣҶһʱ֮ûиãЩãȻطʵ
һλһ䣬Ҷʱˡ
˵λ̳ϵӰȻôԺգھеʸȽϣĿǰ˵Ǽλǰ֮һˣúܣҶ⼸λдǣҲӡ
ϵǱҪģҲ֪θôĹϵ˵ʱҲе޿κεӡ
һ˵ѾٷˣͻȻ飬ҶҲܲӣ˼˵ҶϣҪ΢һЩģʡŪôҶ²̨
鷳ˡҶ֮󣬾ͷҲǷǳصģһεǱ˺θСˡ
ҶҲȷԭǴѺθݸһģڼȻϽˣǾ͸ѡҪôϵҪôСͽȥûе·ѡˣĻҶ㵽ס
ϣҶռһҲ˹ںٺٵķ֤ݣߵ¸˽
ۺθݻˣƵһΪǱס˰ѱҪƣҲÿҶǷӡ
ţĻ֪ˡ֮Ҳû˵ʲô˵ͷѾòϸеĻǾ͹¹ˡ
ӦˡҶش
ö¶֮ҶҲеίȷʵСܱȲίԱгίܹߵλϣҪ˵ûڳţҲǲܵġ
˳˵ͨ죬ǵίݶϣ˼ҵı찡
ϣǺΪ֮ɣҵıҲ찡Ҷֹһ䣬Щ㬵˵


1092 ޽
Ҷҵһϰ칫ҵֹ
ڸղţҶҹڶԺθݴķϢѾ˹һֱļλеЩ⡣
û뵽ϳ棬ҶҲûзɶֻԭȵĿĳһĿꡣ
˿;еˣֻ⻰Ҳ˵ǵ¶ֲðˡ
˵ʵڻȥѾܾˣҲѾһһھȻֱȽϸߵģҪ˼ڴ¶϶ĺҲǲܵ顣
ǵ˧ǣҲδؾܹӰõĶҪ˵ЩӶߵͷǡ
˼ѾܸˡȻˣȴôͿʵһβԸ뵽鵱
κϵһλֶν𷫣Ŀǰ˽Ӫվ飬ΪҵñȽϴԸԴǱ߶кܶĹϸ𣬿ݶϣ˴˵飬ϲΪѵӦӦθ˵顣
ҶѾһòҲǽĹȥˣȻԸ֦ڡ
˵ˣҶǺյգʱЩ˾ӶߵľȻǲܸ˼ЩʱᲢ۵ġ
ȻˣȻҪ֮ľǱ˸Ĳ٣ԼҲ̫֣ĻλȨأôʱһᱻ˴
ǴˣȻеķִ磬Ӧ
ϻ㬵ɫϾض˵֪ͽıվ飬ԴЩ岻ģ¶ֻһΣԺҪôŪҲٹܣǺΪ֮
ǡˣϲɵһ䣬ǺܹӦ
ǵʱѾȥˣǱ̨ǰϺεȻ֪ЩͶ˵仰Ĳ˵Ҷͺθݶӵ飬θίԴĳ񸱣վ棬ҶýͷöҶȻҶң
֮˵¶ҲҶˣθݵĶҼͦòһҶһеˣ˿Ц
û˽飿ϿһۣȻǳ⣬һҶȣθݵĶӾһͷ磬¶ҲˣǰôŪôŪȥ
ͷôһ˦֣ʱЩˣҲ֪ϵƢҲ˵ʲôֻǰϵķԸЭ̵ĽθǱ߶˹ȥ
ҶҲ̫ˣȻҴ󲮵Ӷνںθݵİ칫ϢͻȻϵôһػɵЩ޹⡣
θˣȻҲЩʧȻǿһЩ
ʵϣ֪ҶһβҪͽȥҪϢǺܽŵģۿиһη⽮ĻᣬȴϱԼӸˣθݵǷǳƵġ
˵ĻôһȺҪչ˵ˣ֮ɢӽȥ֮Ҳʲô³
ҶȻûгòǷſٿѡĻᣬⲻܲ˵ϳĹͣһˣҶӶġ
Ҳֻˡθ̾˿
ǳ飬ֻһԴ׵ĴܶŹ¼ѣϧľҶҶʲôܳ˿Ժٺǳһϵ鷳ʱ˳
ʱﲢҪ˵и̶˾ġ
ȻθҲûʲô취ֻȱȫԼˣĻӸûκϣ
Ĳ˵ҪǸԼȫӵĻҪҶҳ֣ƽʱЩǾͻ׷ȥĺθݸ˺Ƭ
Ϊˣθݲò˳صѡ񣬷ԶӵӪȣԼƽ¡
ʵϣθҲƽ£ǵҶҵϢ֮кܶ˾Ϳʼ׷Ҫҧһˡ
βǼվ顭ʱ˿̣ϵֶν𷫾ˡ
θݵĶǻƨ¶ֻҪθöȻ˳õİˣϸӣνȻҪ˽ö
ⷽ飬ҿƵñȽϸҪǲУҪ͵һЩĻ߶Ҳڡθǩ֣ݸν𷫣Ȼһ
ⲻʲô¶ν𷫵θ̫ҪϰټҼվģθȻҪеһķյģԲòҪ͵һЩǷֳɺü
ףסνõ֮󣬶ʱЦտЩʵʵڵǮһЩ˽ģڼվķչν¹һ๦֪ЩֻҪʵȥܹ꣬ЩվϣõʮٱĻر
θݵǴ˰Ҷ彲Ǳ߶ϢЩźƲƲ
ܹȦӵˣˢӡشǰ˵һ仰ʧˣ˵ؽʧʧأ˵ؽԴ档θĴԼȶӵķݶϣôǸʲô³
Ǹϲ֣Ҳ֪θʲôô뵽ԼĿûܹȫɣҶҲɵú޵λҲĶԹԡ
˵ϵֶνһֱԴܼվ飬Ϊ¶ʹϳֵİɣ⣬ҲǺֻǸǰһ²һ£ѾϽӽʵ
վҶˣʱǰһ
˽˼վżߣʽ׼ż˵ܵͣ˵ھӪ棬ΪϷ˽Ʒĵͼ۳˽˼վӯбϵģ֮ڣ¶Ǻиͷġ
˵˽ͱ֮˽ӪվҲûгִΪͰ͵Ĳҵţ׷ֳɹ׬һʡ
ν𷫸飬ǱˡҶ뵽飬ͷǳƽ⡣
ѾǳˣҶҸθѾ𣬺ٱץȥ֮Щпܿն
ôһĻθô̵ɥ֮ʹĻθΪһʡǵ飬ܹеͨġ
飬ҶҶԣȻƲʲôвȴҲһ鷳¶
θϷʡ֣ΪίԱĻҪѹɾĲˡ
ȻǽǾͲ鷢ˡ
ҶĥͿʼԽͨʲô취ܹθҲȥܲΪԼҵİʯźá
Ǵķֵ֣ˣܻܲúθݵĶӵǾеĸоˡ
վν𷫡ҶֹţȴѾ˳Ĵ㡣
СӣֿʼĥſˡһԼˣЩˡ


1093 Ӱ
θݵĶܿ죬ڵõҶ߶֮ͬ̾Ͱص顣
ʵϣĵľҶӵΧһǣҲҪô¾ճ
ҶϹ軹ûжȥ֮ǰյоַϢ˵쵼кٺٵİӲѸٽ᰸ҪһϵеĶ
ǹġҶֹһ䣬֪θǵҹζ࣬ʱֻǳһЩǾͲðˡ
Ҷʱ˼ûзϣԣθݻ޷вͽ棬㹻ˣ˵⣬պ˵Ҳ١
оַ޵֤Լʿ㣬ٵ˱شĿҪö࣬Ҷɴ˵õĽۣǺиڣиһЩ¹ֵİǣûǿӲĺ̨ƾҪֱȥˡ
ĴҶǿԽܵġ
ڶϾŵӣҶϹһУͬϷıнǻꡣ
ʱ֣ڽ䣬ֱӾͱžȥˡ
ҲҶͬλүӵݣɵЩȻ𾴣ϹȻǰһ鱨սߵľ뢣ԿսҲ࿴õĹ׵ġ
վھϣЩμӹչǰҪԱǣҲǷǳģΪͬ
˾ίȻڣ֪Ҷ˹ϢıýӴһ·ɻͰǰھԺдϢ
аûлصˡϹ̤˽֮Щп˵һ䡣
ҶˣҲɵЩп
ϹҲ߳ƣһ˽ܣֻǸĳ飬ǴܹתƣԾǿϹ裬Ҳò̫ܿķâѡԶߺ⣬ȥŷ޶ӣһסǽ͡
ȽͻôͣҪĿԣһҲûˡ
Ϲƣñڰѱ˶ˣԲŵػش½һ졣
ڲõĻ硣ϹƺǳŽĿо嶼ʮһ㣬ϷǸõĻʱˡ
˵һ飬һɫʰ쵵־һݷḻѧһŵװ顣Ҳ˵һ׸裬кϳа鳪Ҳ峪ҶȻ֮ʲô˵˵һϷϲ硢б硢ҲбϲӾ硣ǲҲãҲãϷҲգʼԼ
ϹЩȵؿҶһۣϷ٣ǲʧԼķĻɾȫ˱˵Ƕˡ
һһ٣ʮ̸꣬ЩȻͦͶģܲ˸е졣
ĿһĻЦ˵оǾĻˣϴվѽ
ı˵Цˣ˭֪ƴѧҵ֮ģҶ˵
ĵľҶ֪һЩģΪҶҹϵеľҪԱǰҲ˿ãҶЩҲǷǳעġ
ϾΪҶҵĵҪҶģôҶһϵȻҪһЩ˶ĵĵϸҲ֪֮
ǺǣǸʱĴѧѧҪٵö࣬ΪӦµսҪѧϰĶܶࡣļҶᵽɵþ̸Ҳ֪ˣȻҲһЩľ·չ̬˽̫٣ЩͱȽϺ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪˵Ļָʲô
رǿԾýΪģԾµȷ涼ҪΪ·ڣĸ߼ǶԴ΢ʣĵȸ߼ɲھӵսЩǡ
ȻǰģսĿԲ󣬵Ƿδҵսǳ½ƵģǸȽǸ͸һǰˡ
֮ǰҶҲ⽫ɳĮ籩սеһЩݴ˻˺ϸµķоԴ˷ǳӣүӻרٿ˼λ⣬ҶΪӽ費
Ȼˣھ÷չٶȣͶȷʵе˨ĸоĵ˾ΪûǮʡڼĸٷ棬Ӧ濼ǡ
鱨棬ȷʵû̫õ˽Ҷ룬üͷ˵ں棬ϻѾͬ˺ĿǰȽϳɹȤĻһЩĿϣҲͬչĲ˵ʽǻǱȽϳԣġ
͵仰أʱ򻹵ҶǣߴšǧҪ鷳ĲıʱЦ
ǻݣ飬鷳ҶҲЦ
ʵϣҶҲûоЩ鷳෴ΪͬúϵҪֶΡ
Ȼ˵ҶҴӾңүڻǾʵϵĻˣҶھȻӵкǿʵʱڵľӽҲµΧĻᣬҶǳԸͬչ
ֺͨҲܹõϵҶҼǿԾӰ޷ȡá
ʵҶõȻԪƣôӹѹιԪڹڷչҵȻ󷴹Ӱκ;Լµ෽棬ʵԼ
һ˿϶ûĻģҶôչȥĻʮ߶ʮ֮ҶǷλܹӹĸ棬Ӱһˡ
Ȼܹһ㣬δǮ˵ʱһӹɵġ
ûϲ㽨һ仰˵˵ģʾһ򵥵ĵǮĲǴүûǮֻ
վڹҲ⣬Ǹľ֣ŷ
˵һֱϹͲֻҪ˽ŷľ¶̬Ļ൹ǿԾౡ֮
԰үˡҶˣʱһŶϹŷ޾Ӫͣŷ޸͸ǷǳλģⷽȻзǳɿܹṩȷʵ˻衣
ҲûôˡϹ΢΢һЦ˰֣Щ˵ϹҳԵľڷȻСĵõģǱ߶չôЩ꣬ҲһЩԼϵֻҪ̫еĶܹõõġ
ҶͷϹŷ޵Ӱ֪֮ϹľӪŷ޿Ǳ֯һźܴļġ
ȻǼṩɱģ鱨ͬǳɫֻϹһع飬һӦҲȥˣӪŷϹڣδؾôԸ½߶ĺ
ϹǴˣ֪ôܹ֤治𺦡ƺǿ͸Ҷ˼Ϲ˵һ
ƫ뷹ûô׳ԵģҪάϹҵĵ²֣һЩȽϴ⣬ȻЧİ취


1094 
˵鱨飬Ҷɵþ뵽ŷ޴Ϲܿ
˵ҶϵѾչñȽȫˣ÷楺˷չʵ幤ҵгСҵȦдҶִҵţٳľݺлȺ֮㡣
ںķչҲȽϿ죬˹Ǳ߶ʲֵܹ֮Ѿ֣һЩĿ˼֣̽תԼǰҲһƬ
˵鱨棬Ȼ˵ҶڹǣѾһЩ֧Сгɾͣں鱨֯Ͼʹڿհ׽׶ΣҲֻǳפĪ˹ƣṩһڶ˹̳Ϣ
ͬҶϵչȣ鱨ķչȷʵһ̰塣
Ϊ׶ΣгҶԣѾԽԽҪˣܹʱ˽⵽ЩʲôôгĵЩ䷨ԶϹҵĻع飬ҶǱкܴϣġ
ҪϹܿһ鱨ԷԼŷȹ㹻˽⡣
ʱϹ¶ҶȻּɵġ
Ϲ鱨ңôЩںҲûšϹ迴Ҷ˵ҵ鱨ʲôģǶ㣬ŷȦ棬˼ļٷ鱨Ϲҵ֯ƣҲЧʵġ
ϹܹΪṩһЩ鱨òĲıˣʱеϲ⡣
һ䣬ͣΪ֮֯ĺûʲôϹӴ֯Ӧ鱨Ӧνףⶼô
ϾڹڣҪʲô鱨һ㶼ãûʲôǮϢӡ
ȻںǱ߶ƵҲǼڻǮϢǺͬǾԼ˳ȥ㵽鱨ǿסġ
ܹ֧ôǮ鱨˭ܹ֤ǻǮϹ򵽵鱨ȷʵʵŵأ¶ȷʵ˵
Щ飬ǿȥŮϹ̸ܿϹֻ׳һͷȻͲ̸ˣʹˣͲܼľ顣
Щɵؿ˿Ϲ裬ֿ˿ҶȻǲϹĿĺڡ
ҶɫرϹ裬ָһҪǮƣչʾĿ
ŶļˣʱȻ
ڹڴˣ߶鱨ֻģϢʲôҲѵģȥŷǱ߶Ļ˼Ϲҵ鱨ҲǴģЩȻܰװ͸ˣҪʹõġ
ôһ룬ĵüͷɵþȷʵҪһЩŷľ鱨Ҫ˵ǮĻҲûжⷽĿ֧ǣҸ鱨֯򽻵ҲǷǳе顣
û¶ãһʲô⣬Щⶼ˵ģͷãȻԸΪЩ飬ץסѱӰ쵽ǰ;
ЩļϹʱ򣬾ҪǰĹ
Ҷ鵹ûʲôԵ˼ϾϹһԴ飬ǳӣȻûʲôʵĸоôһҲǺõġ
ҶԼľϹڣһȥΰĹ
λսͳεߵޣλڽ궫ɽ羰ʤڣϽɽéɽ´£Тꡣ
ɽųƽɽʼɽʱʼϽɽϽɽеɽ塣Ϊ߷壬ֱΪΪ챤ɽͶΪéɽڴˡ
ĹƽΣȡľ쾯֮⡣
ӶΪɽ°ι㳡㳡϶˵Ķ̨ΪŦӴǰεĹҡ
ڹŴȨ˺ڣԽ֮⡣
ϣɽߣΪ㳡ʯĹšͤáĹҡ
ĹĶõɫߣɫ죬Ҳǰɫغ졣
ĹڴиߴĻʯƷġ֡
ʯǳʮסʮ׵ĹǰΪţɫΪŶΪּΪĸ֡
̨÷иͭмԽվڵУºİ
ɽ߷ļãţ顰塱Ȩдʯһĵף
ʮˡϹ迴񣬸пһ䡣
ƺҪʮûвΰݵźϹǰϹ⣬ΰݡ
ΧҲвٵοͲιۣȻôһλͬ°мˡ
ƣǰ߹ٻˡ˲²
ʵϴ½ڸĸ￪֮󣬶ںʿƾͷſ࣬ڵ̨Ҳͬϱ֮֮̽佻֮࣬ǰĲΰݻҲñȽƵ
ͨϱŲΰݵΣϹһ˲ΰݣͬԵļƣȻǸͷģΧ۵οͱΪλԲһ
һϵеʽ֮ϹŻͷҶ˵߰ɣȥɽתһת
ɽҶˣʱһ㶣ȴҲûжʲô
߶ĵεòҶǷǳϤһǱȽģ޵ĸܶضھ߶ģһǽ䱸ɭϣ翪ŵġ
ǶҶԣЩС¶ֻҪĲıкɡ
ϹȻѸߣһ·ϵͣȴѷˣҶ˶ͬˣһ·Ҳʲô۵ġ
ʮδɽɣϵı仯Ҳ󡣡Ϲһ߶ţһ߶Ҷ˵
߶⣬صıʩҲȽϵǷŵĵطͱһͿˡҶشȴ룬ʮ󣬾߶Ҳֵסز̵Ŀˡ
ھ޴ǰΰҲһǮֵ
Ϲͷеĵɽ㣬һ·ȥ
Ҷ浹е棬˵λүӾҪȥأ
ϹĶɽ侰ɫƺԤıֱĳطȥֻǲ֪Ѿ뿪½ʮˣΪʲôĵλôϤأ
Ȼ벻͸Ϲ˼Ҷʲô׵ģֻҪϹԼ֮⣬Ͳʲô⡣
˵ˣϹϹҵĻعѾ̨֣Ǳ߶жҲܴ죬Ҳⷽ˷ˡ
˴ԼаСʱңһɭïܵڣ֣ͿһķǳɵĹ֮ǰ
ϹĹ֮ǰͣĿЩעŸߴ׶ĺʯĹòŵ˵ͷãû١
ʲôҶ˾ЩʵΪĹ̻ѾģˣͿȻ
ӵĹϹ赭Ȼش


1095 ϹҵĴ
ϹĻҶɵһ
ôҲû뵽ȻϹӵĹ˶еЩȣϸĹΣȷʵҲǼʮĹ⾰̫ԶĴڡ
û뵽ϹϷ˵ĹҪݼһġҶ˵һʹӱȡһƿƣʲôĶ
˺ؽЩڳĹǰĹ档
Ϊʮ궼û˹ˣĹǰĹΧҰݣ˽éݰһЩһƬյš˾ƿӣһЩ
Ȼ⧲û׼̫࣬Ϊ֮ǰҪĹҶǹʱǱһЩģ˵ˮǱش⻹һЩװʳˮʱҲ˳ΪƷҲ̫ᡣ
ϹϷˣҶȻûһģʲôӣʲôףȫͲ֪
һǺģϹܿݶϵڣҶѾϹϷ˵̱ģԼȻĹ֮ǰҶ϶Ҫúõؿļͷġ
ϹһԣҶĹǰͷй֮ŵͷ˵СҶˡ
Ҷ˵Լûûģһһ⣬ôȻûȻҲͼϹʲôЩԼҪʵһЩʲôë
Ϲ֮ܿ飬Ϲ費᲻֪ΰݣȻ
Ҷվ֮󣬾͸˿ЩȼգһСĺɽģԱ⡣
ʾĹȡԱ߶˼Χĸéݸסһ汻ȼ
ЪЪɡҶ˵
ȼյӣҲССʱӣᣬϢһö
Ϲ赹ûӸʾнӹ˹ΧĹתתȥģżһùéһ¡
ЩǱȽģΪһȥϷأ϶ôǽĶе޷ˣȻŹĹʯͷôģƺѰʲôһ
᣿˵жһŶˮ֪λϹүӾҪЩʲô
ΪԶ꣬ͻȻ޵ĿǰЩɣ
ҶôţͽϹĶתƶôĿĺڣԼ޵Ĺɣ
ôһ֮ʣϹȻһ𾪵ľٶȻӶеĹһ¾ͽĹһͷģĶ
˶һ㶣Щſڽĸо
λϹүûзɣҶҲɵôһ£һ̣ͼϹùͷ˼£飬Ȼòз˼£ȻͲŪһƳ̵Կ״
ǣҶˣɵóһ
ϹѾԿһĶֲ˲ĳһЩʯȻøѾܵǰҶȥ
ʲôҶӹҪһĶЩʵ
ȥӦʹûϽƳɵģȻ֪Ĺʯͷͷ˶ãǿȥȻҲ˸Ž󣬲ûκʴ𻵵ļ
ԣҶⶫһأȷʵᣬʹõĲӦҲͬһ㣬ЩؿϹ裬ϣܹһȷĴ
ӵ¹ڣϹҶ˵
ν¹ڣĹȻͲʬˣһ㶼ȥһЩ·ǰʹùĶ󲿷ֶߵʬʲܵλ£Ϊ˼а˼õһа취
ҶЩ֣Ϲ赱ʱԣܷʲô⣬ʹܹΪأ¶˾Щ˼
¹ڣҶ֮󣬾Ϳʼĥ
Ϲｨһ޵¹ڣȷʵ˸еЩĿġ
ҪҵĶ¹ڣ档Ϲ˵
ŶҶӦһϹܹĿģĳҪĶص¹ڣ档
Ȼ˵ЩĹеܶ࣬Ǵһ϶ڵĹ֮·أȤͲôˣϹ޵һĹȻȥҲЩɣϴȴּ򵥣ɽʯˮʲôġ
ĹһûʲôˮķĹȻҲ޷ĹĹע
ҶҲе棬Ϲ˵ĶôҪôأѵ˵Ĺ
ҶеֵֹģϾ¹ڣҲǷĹôڿĻ߿϶ǲġ
ǴϹƺںһ㣬һͷͺܹ˵ˣֻǲ֪Ƿһ£Լ˾͵ðظ򿪣
ɲڣƵըҩŪԱ߶ĸʾˣСֵֹֻطʹըҩƺӰе̫󣬾Ǳ߶Ҳø㶨˲еġ
ô˵ˣо¡һ¾˵ַкŪһŵǸ𣬺αըҩأ̫ˣ涼ýġ
Ҷ߶ۣ˵ѵҪһ͵ؾĹĹˣ
ǵòʲôըҩϹҲǵĻʱЦҸҵ֮ĸȻûộǶ׷ֻڵģҲƻ¹ڣ
ϹһҲǷΣծ֮ĸҲһѣⲢϹͻΪһԼ޵ĹĻҲûʲôõӰ졣
ҪڷأҶˣʱЩ졣
ҪϹҡҡͷ޵ĹʵֻΪһرڣΪҵĺָġ뿪½ʱɫҴңܶ鶼ҲһЩǴߵģԾ޵ĹΧպȡ
ϹĻ֮Ҷ˹
ԭϹ޵Ĺ˺ܶණԭôӦûлٻˣԾͽ¹ڣΪر꣬л߿Ը¹ڣرҵرλãȻȡϹҵıء
ֻû뵽Ź˲ͣܶѾ仯ԼҲصطôµһЩ֣ҲͲҪóˡ
ôһ룬ҶĿתϹеöԿһϣ˵λүѲɻһʲôô
ôС˵еѰţҶ°ͣ氵ֹ
ȻϹλԿһ壬Ҷ˵רŴĿرҵԿףûĻһ˴˲رҵĻأôĶл𣬲һҡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵һ㵹װ쵽װըҩҲãʲôŨˮҲգܹá
ôر澿ʲôأҶʵ
ϹҵĴϹ赭ػش


1096 
ϹҵĴҶˣȻЩԾ
ϹҵĴϹͷ϶Ϊһ壬ϹҲԼĴУǸѵⶫܹ뿪ĵķΧԼǵԶܻҲΥѵ֮ݡ
ôһͣҶ̾ͷӦѹϹôһˣ߶Ҫش½һ˶޷ǾΪԸϹҵĴУԼ϶ˡ
ϸΪһҵļĴУпĳһʽҲпĳһϹķӦϹҵļӦĳһֻǲʲôѡ
ֻʱͣµıǷȻʣͲö֪ˣҶǺ뿴ϹҵĴʲôȻܹϹǣҶǣ
൱һ㡭ϹҶһĺ棬ԭҪʵģֻǻߣ˻ȥƺЩѰ⣬㽲
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ϹôԶĴУǷ֮ҲûʲôˣⶫҲӦĵر֮
ǣⶫȻĹ֮УأҶȤ⡣
ˡϹԵгӣҶһ߶߹ȥ
ɽ´ԼаңϹͣ˽Ų߶˲֪ľҲïҸߣס⣬Ϲ߽棬͸оˣ˸ս
ߵм䣬ȴǷһСƬյأҲ󣬾ǰʮƽ׵ӣ߶ݲΧĻȽԵЩ֡
Ҷע۲һɫͷָΧ޲ͬôﲻݵԭ򣬿϶ǳΪˡ
Ϲ˵߶ïʢϹ޵ĹΪرĻ治ҳλá
ӦþˡϹԼȣڵϻ˼£ͻһȦӡ
ҶͷȻк˿ʼھ
㲢񣬱ʯҺĻϲ㣬а֮󣬾¶˺ʯ壬ž޷ľԭ
˽߶ĵڿʮƽ֮󣬾ܹóʯȻһ壬Ǿ˾ɵġ
ˡˡʱϹֽýݵʼԼʯôһ¡
¼˿ʼӶǿʯ˳
Ϲ踩ʯҵһλãȻҶ˵ˣԿù
Ҷ֮ǰҵԿ˹ȥݸϹ衣
Ϲ轫ƴԿף嵽ʯϵһ֮УȻŵһ·λһȻʱתһֱתʮȦͣ
ʱ򣬴Ҷ֮´΢𶯸к¡¡Ȼлصġ
ȵµֹ֮ͣ󣬲ûʲô鷢ʯɣڻɻػ˵ʱ򣬾ͼϹֶԿװ˳ԭǸԱ߶һ߶λϲ˽ȥһ
뿪ӦеˡϹ轫Կײȥ֮󣬾Ͷ˵ȻҶĲ£ӿһ
˶뿪ʯķΧվ¹۲ţͼʯƺ˱仯ϵ仯ƶ¶һ׼Ķ
򶴿ڿȥͼһʯȥҲ֪ж
ͨͨɣһȥϹ˵
ҶѰ˼Ҫ˻ȥȡķʱ򣬾Ϳ֮¾Ȼеƹž¡¡ĹķɵЩȡ
Ҷ𾪣Ϲͽ͵رҵʱһЩ˵ĶԻؿ֮󣬵µԶ豸ʹˣ豸Ҳл豸Сʱ֮Ϳʹˡ
û뵽Ҷˣҡҡͷôŵ£ȻҲܹƳôһĽֲϹүôģʮ֮󣬻ܹ˳رҡ
ǰܣνǱɽƫƫϹ軹ܹƳôһṹϽʹ÷Ĳرң˵ʱжˡ
Ҫģرֱնûб˷֣͸˵⡣
Ҷĥһ£ҲΪķزûôȣ⸽Ǿĵ̶һҲûܵģʱʮʮĻرҾҪǻٵˡ
ȻϹ貢û˵رҵԻٳʲôҶţλݵ鱨ʮϺһԲñ˵õıء
Сʱʱ䣬ʵҲúܿ죬վ˵һӻҲ͵ˡ
ЩˣһȥͿˡϹҶ˵
Ҷԥһ£ǵϹĲرңû׼ЩعĶǾ͵ͷ˵ţʲôֱӱҵ֣ڸϹȥ˵
Ҫȥ֮󣬾еԥ
ʲôǲҲҶһ˸ϹȥϾϹ趼һˣ棬ϹֵǱҶԶˡ
ҶҪǳʲô״ǿɲġ
û¶Ҷ˰ֵ
úϹûпԼıҪҲûɣϹع½ҪҶʱôܸ׶أ
߰ɡϹ迴Ҷһۣ¾ȣʯȥ
ҶһѹҲϹȥ;ʯȻڵȴûʲô̫ʪĸоµĿ˻ȵ֮ͨҲûжܵĸо
ֻǱϾôãȻһ⣬о¶Ӧʮңһֲ︯ܵϢѾԡ
үӣжҶһ
ǺҲʮװɡϹشʱΪأ̫Ҳ̫ǳֻ˼ת·ЩҲǲúˡ
ʯǰߣȻͬϹԣ½ģģתҶҲע⵽Щ·ת۵λϣ϶леƶբֻЩŶѾȻΪϹ֮ǰ˻ء
ʯ඼ʽİ׳ƣиĵѾˣǲӰ
ǰţǰʲô춯Ȼ֪ܳһֱ˵Ŷ
ҶķӦܿ죬ʶһƫͷеĹݺݵǰ˹ȥ
۵һ죬ƺʲôˣ䵽˵ϡ
˶һ־Ȼһһ׶೤ĲݻߣҶԴڵذŤ壬Ȼǻˡ
ȻߡҶ˾üͷ


1097 
⵹еˣ˵ɢóϵҩӦߵġϹˣʱҲһ㶣û뵽߳֡
֮ϹͿǵ˷óϵ飬к꾡ĲãէһҶһݻ֮ҲЩȡ
ԼԤĲһжߣָôأ
ǰ˼ûߣϹͱͱʯԱߵҩңͷΪʱϾãЩɢóϵҩѾʧЧˡ
ѹֻߡҶ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵ϹҩҩʧЧ֮󣬾ͺֹЩóϴͨˣȻˣߵʱ򣬻ӦøСһЩǡ
ҶҲûнϣֻҪǳ־֮ĶԼùӦ
ϹͽϴҶеӦҶʵҪҪȻȥŪߵҩ˵
رҾģҶţҲ赣Ļʲô⡣
ȻϹ貢Ըҡҡͷֻһ飬õ֮˵Сʲôģֵסʲôأ
ҲԣµʱҲնߡүڣҶˣʱһЦ˼ǰ߹ȥ
һͨµģ֮һսص
˼ӣڵ˵ط߶һȴţȴǾ죬Ҷ濴һҲûз
߶ǸСʯͷʨӸ⵹ϹҶ˵
ҶԽ߶СʯͷʨӰ⵹ͿĻϣһ̵ĶȻ˼ʮ꣬Ȼǹâ˸µĲࡣ
ͰҶᴥͷһĸоֲñôá
Ƿĳ÷ӡϹ˹ָ水˼£ƺִʲôԴĿأþĴţ߶򿪡
ҶϸһͼƸӵĵ죬ڻ𳵹һ㣬ѾһЩʴĺۼϾôȥˣڻܹԶЩߺߵĹȷʵͬһ㡣
ֿһۣͼǴŵĸְǸ͵ģһһ㣬м仹һЩĲϣⶫըҩܹס൱̹˵ĸװףȷʵЩԾ
Ҷţô׵ԸţҪһֽŵġ
ǵŸոմ򿪵ʱ򣬾;һ˳Ϣ˳÷׷׺ˣס˿ڱǡ
Ŀռ䲻СƽףʱƹķҲתͨͨڵĻǿ˳ȥµɽ
ȥϹҵĲرɡϹӶȣҶ˵
ԸҲҶ˵ͷ˵ʵڻϹҸɵйȻԶߺܻ˺ܶණΪ࣬ԲɱһЩر棬ϹһʲƸȷʵ˺档
Ҷһ߽ȥʱͱǰ龰סˡ
ȳǰģһɽǵصصĽɽһýשĽɽӦϰٶ֮࣬ŵıǿԲ²ǵĳ
ձ˵ĽשҶЩȵطʵ
ǿשȥľջӡҶ벻ϹҴôͳһʽĽש
ֻ˽Щשĳ֮Ҷ͸ɻˣôձ˵Ľשô䵽Ϲеģ
ձս֮ǰѺܶӸֳѹĲƸǻƽ鱦ȼ׼˻رȥҸպڵ鱨籡΢֪ϢȻܷ뿪Ϲ費Եõؽ͵ΪʲƸ̫࣬Ҳ¶棬ֻô
ǸʱȻ˵ϹҲһۣܹ֮ѹסҲܶ࣬˵طЩǣرͷĻΥôϹң
ΪϹһ֧Ű˷ʤɱֶڣͱܶҸˡ
һʻƽȷʵǾ޴ĲƸνƲģϹ赣ʲƸһ¶棬ͻǣֻýЩשڴ½ټ뿪½ʱѾ񻯣ԺҲûлٶʻƽ֣һֱڡ
ϰٶְɣҶҲûмʶˣȻʼʱЩۣǺܿ
Ҫ˵ʵյĲƸҶܹõĽǮҪ￴ĽɽˣڴԵعɽļֵ֮󣬵ҲǺ⡣
һʮֻƽ𡭡Ϲ赹ɽܹҶģʱȻû¶һҲɵ棬ĵҶȻͬѰɽ͸ˣϹܿļױΣ
ҶһʱЩƵ˵ôһɽңҲ㲻Լͷϰ
ڵĻƽ𴢱ܹҲûж٣ɽ˷Ҷôһ죬ôһʾ޴ĲƸΪУ
һ˽˲ƸǸ߲Ҳܷ鷢ΪҶ˽Ϲͽɽ˵϶޷ֵġ
ϹЦҶǰߡ
һ·ϣĿɶ챦Ҳ黭ֻЩ黭ı͸ˣ϶ýԲͲܷͿ⣬Է⣬ͬʱԱˮʪʲôġ
ϹҹȻǸɵйĴڡҶЩҲɵøпһϾǧĴУĲƸһ֣ЩҶıܹġ
ϹԶߺⷢչĻڵӰҲǷǳӴġ
ҲҶʶһ⣬Ǿǵڽʱ򣬸һ϶ˣǴʱ˸ĸ￪֮ԭһЩֿʼӺ𽥻ˣµοºܿͻ͡
ҶҲܹ綼ԼȨô֮󣬿϶ͻȻӣһ޴ս
ƿرѻɵСɽߵ˵һյϣһֻһ˶ߵıչ񣬿ͺܳأҲԤʾһ㣬ǾϹҵĴ֮Ӧþͱֻչ档
ϣûɡϹ˵һȻͿʼŪֻչť
Ϲ֮ȱչţһˣϹסεİ֣ƿ¶Ķ
Ķܶ࣬ٶֽʵģӦļԼʲôģϹЩƺǲмһ˵ӣֽǸһԡ
ҶַһݶͷǵĵʲôģȻЩûôˣĳˣ˽صĻҲϳˣž޴ƸЩڶ˷ֽһѡ
ˡϹҶȥʱ򣬾ͿϣȵһֻԲ̴ľӡ


1098 
ӲҶһǸ̴ľӣ̲ס佱һ䡣
ҶĿ佱ûԭģνʮ̴ſգ̴ľֻڿնͱƤ֮ǵſʹãԹд̴֮˵
ŷûм̴ϣΪ̴޴ϣ̴ֻһЩС˵Ĺǰһ糤̴ľģͣʹιߴΪȣΪϡС
̴ľΪʼӣʼ̴ľϡ٣ܿ콫̴ľɹ⣬ɹɰ죬һֱ
ʱɰľϲǶΪãܶ洢á
ֲɰ죬һ̶ϴӶʣˣȺľɷ̴ľΪԳߣȫضȥ
̴ľҪΪɣȻҲɰϣֲӯգ̴ֱľ겻ܳɲġ
Ϲŵ̴ֻľӣȻгԲҴӵ񹤺ľϵɣͲܲ˸еˡ
ǺǣӹȻĶҲԲʧϹȴǲΪЦЦ
Ҷͷ˵棬ӦþϹᵽϹҴ֮ҲûĶشЩ棬װľʲôأ
Ϲ֮ӣҶмڴˡ
ϹҵĴ֮ֻмܹ棬Ҳõ֪ĻϹ貢ûֱӴ̴ľӣźӣ֣֮ضҶ˵Ϲ׾ϹܿǼҵĴ֮ʲô
ȻˣҾͲĿ˰ɣҶȻҲ֪װʲô˼ҼȻô˵ˣǰμϹ׾μϹܿûмⶫһˣ治˼˼ҵĴ
ϵش󣬲뿪ݣˣҲǴϹȻ˵ھãУҪȽϹܿһЩ
ŶҶˣʱһ㶡
Ȼ˵ϹܿȷʵĹϵϹܿҲܼ޸ˣΣҶҲֻˣϹĻеЩΣǰϹʵϵļԴ
澿װʲôϹĴأ
ҶĿ䵽̴ľϣʱڵƹ棬ǵĽҫҹ֮еĳһ㣬ȻѵһĽ̴
ɫڴͳĻ棬Ҳзǳĵλ÷ϣЩﶼܹ˵һ飬ǾɫǷǳɫһֻܱʼʹõɫɫԣɫͬҲǳҲʼҷǳ̴ľԭ֮һ
աһϹ˴̴ľĿƿ
ҶȥͼȻӿһƬյڣԵ÷ǳĿҫۡ
濴ȥͿɫ˿֯žΪ˷ֹĵ㣬һŶΣһ𣬵θȻǺö
ҶҲеЩֻ֣һŶĻϹҲô֮˻ɵʱϹֽŶ񣬴Ӻ滺˳
ⶫⶫҶȫò֮󣬾Ͳɵý۾ǵɵϴ
ҶϹǼϹҵĴ֮Ȼһ
ǷԲĴ̣ͨɫͣʹڵƹ֮£ҲԿŽ׵ĵ⡣
ԵŤֻ·һȴûƽϡ
Ϲ轫ĵײ̧ҶۿֻС죬Ȱ˸С׭Ĵ֡
ǴļٵģҶʱҲɵ׷ʵ
˵Ҷ򶨹򲻵ңʵⶫڻĵʷ̫Ҫÿһγ֣һƬѪȷ磬ܲӡ
ļٵҲⶫ䵽ǼҵϣӦǧʱˡϹҲеǷ˵˵ǼҾǺĩĺˣΪ˶ܻ£ŸϹġ
ô˵ĻⶫпƷˡҶƽ࣬°Ͳ²
ʵǺ赵Ľ棬赹ʮԺԹǱǿع̲Ҳ䵽
ͳһйԳʼʵۣ񹤽ة˹д죬Ȱ˸׭ֵںϣΪʵ۵ӡ赾ͳ˹
ʧ¹¹֮ʱӤɱԸߣ׸ͰΪĹӡһһӴ˺赳Ϊ˾Ŵʵۡ
ٺçۺʱСʵӤףɻ̫ܣçõֹܵܵȥҪ̫ߵذѴˤϣ˴ˤȱһǣçûƽⲹѾ޼£ջȱۡ
çȨԺ󣬺ִ˶㡢ʱڵĲܲ١ĵᡢƸԨȡ
ĩʱŴ¥Է٣赴Ӵ䲻
ΪȨڡͳϷ֮ԵôΪӦ䣬֮Ҳ֮䡰족ʧ֮䡰Ѿ
Ǵλ޴ߣ򱻼ΪװʵۡԵõΪɴ˱ʹı֮Ҷᣬʹô
ĩ֮ȻҲдǻϿȷƷȴû뵽ϹУⷽǧĴС
û뵽ǼҾȻǴĳߡҶʱϹĽͣҲɵ÷ǳп
ȻΪƻңѾʷ֮УϹȻǸɵйĴڣ֤ⷽǵѪͳȷʵԴԶޱȡ
ⷽӦþƷϹ˵ϹǧĴУÿһڿഫӡ֤Ա㱣֤вϣѾʮĴһֱûжϵʱҾͽ㴦ˡ
Ҷˣʱһ
û뵽ϹȻôɵؾͽУĴŴ洫󴥸УͱϢҶвɵЩ
Ҫ˵ʵʵļֵжߣȷʵù㣬ѹסش󰡣ˣӱ֮Ҳʵ۶ˣ޷ǾΪ֤ǵͳݶѡ
ڣʵ۶ûˣȻҲʧȥҪ塣
ɲôΪǧʷһ⽨ʥҪʷֵԼ壬ȻǷǳǿġ
ҶɣֻҪһϢųȥͻӵͼУ뵽ͼһ飬ƺĺںһ۵ıÿո棬ʶ֮ġ
ֱ°ܣű˸ҷ
ǴʱͻȻֻ֣öҰļǴأ
ŴҶԴɵôһȦȷʵǲôѽ


1099 Թһʺ
ǽˣҪô죬ԼŴɡϹ轫ҶУһƺǷһһ㡣
˵ʵڻûнߣϹҲԥ˺ܾòľ
򴫹ı˵ǻҪȥ⣬ڵϹԣҲ¶ؼľǳϹҵļ֮⣬û֪ڴκϢ
ΪһܵĴͳĻ˵ϹǾô뿪ĵأʲô¶ðϹһжϾص²ټյķգҲҪڹ֮ϡ
񿴵ȻԼȻؼյһ죬Ϲ滹Ǹеǳοģһᣬڱ⿪ˡ
ѴҶϹ;ԼͷһƬɣ⻹ܶꡣ
һֵɽ󡭡ҶŴͷó
ƥ
⻰˵ľǴ赣˼Ҳ˵ⶫ飬֮ԼûѹסⱦôδǺ¶пܻԼ鷳ɱ֮
궫Ȩϵᣬõ˴ҪΪУⶫͳĴ
ʱҶⶫ棬ҲȷʵЩѹ
ˣɡҶ˼ǾӦȰⶫ
Ž̴ľӵУãԼţôȥȻһҪʲôط
ǿˣϰҶƽܹɹʶĻôͰⶫóǷŵ棬ô޷ˣôĻĻһϵ鷳
Ϲ赱ͣҪ̣أҪ˵Ҷεºܣܹѹסı͵
ϹȴǽչĶ΢ѡһһֱֵӾôȼٻ١
ҶҲûж˵ʲôΪ鱨֮ϹһЩùģҲá
ӵ䱦ƽҲȷʵһʲƸҶϹ΢ϼһ£˳ȥ˵ֵܹľͱֵ֣ܱľղϾֻ֮Ķһʱ֮ǲóֵġ
һһˣҵһ͵ϹܿļױϹҶ˵
ҲáҶˣҲûбʾԡ
Ȼ˵һʲƸ޴󣬻һ˵ĻͲ˽УҪ乫ģҶͣȻû˸϶˵ʲôҶҲǳصģⶫϹ˽ղأ˸˵ʲô
ϾϹոջع飬Ǿʹֳ˲Ʋ׵Ļô۶߲㶼ǼΪģû˸ðա
ΨһֵעģЩƽҪδá
һٶֵĻƽ𣬲˵ˣһ⣬ҲҶееͷۡ
Ȼĵ£ҲȱĹߣ飬һ֪һݶ鷳ҪŪþ˽֪˵˴⣬ձˣҲܹҪƽ𣬱Ͼ涼ӡžջġ
ŪһЩ˺ţȻЩƽ𶼸װã˷ȻƵ˳ȥϹһԽ
Ҷˣ˵ͷһұңһٹһ䣬ЩƽװôһĻҲҪǧֻӡ
ôԶ׼ģӣֻҪ򵥵İ˹߾Ϳ˳ȥ
⻹ҪһЩϴı䣬챦黭ȵȡ
˼ͣͻص˵ϣȻҶͿʼԼ£һ˶ʮҶҵͳƺͷװƽһ֪ͨϰҶƽ˹ϹĲرȵȡ
һ죬ǽ߶Ķ˳ˡ
ΪϹʾҪжӵԵʣϹܿй˴ҶҲռмװ֮Ļƽ鱦ֱ𴢴
Ȼ˵ȫ԰Щŵ棬ǳڶϵͳʶҶûǴԼ棬ȽϷһЩ
Щ֮һҶϹ谲ú֮󣬲ʱ䱧̴ľӣصеļУϰҶƽ
ҶǻؼˡһŶѻסӣϸһһаãŷ
عˣȷʵ˲𰡣һ˼ҶôסҶ˵飬Ҳɵ̾˿
Ҳûа취飬ͨϣҶҲѧͣȻҪѧУķʱգȴҲк٣Դڸĸ߶ȥٶ͵ʧȥ˳лĸϥµĻᡣ
ڵǵȵҶƽݣĻһ˾ͲסһҪȵһ죬Ҳʮ˵ˡ
ҶƽڲʮͷķչͷɵʮһѹҲûС
飬ҶĥԼǲҲŪؽǻдһӣҲøҶүӺϰһЩʱգ
ڶɽѾ˶壬ȻֻгίǣְλģҪߵĻȫԿԽίλãֱӳŸʡȥ
Ҳһ⣬̫ˣʮгʵ˷ָ
ĳʱˣְ߻һӣǷǳҪѡ
ִܻѻԶҶ˵еͶĿܶ࣬Ҳв
ŶǱȻ顣ҶͷӦ
ϴҰŹǸСͮǰɣɵòӴѻҶ˵̨ҲСˣ̨ļ쵼ܿأԸҪְλ
Ҷڶɽʱ򣬳ڱԭ򣬽Сͮе̨ޣԭֻǴһ۽磬ɢɢģû뵽֮ͮһͷ˽Ȼ˲żüǫ̃վס˽š
ҶеЩˣͮĵȷʵǺʵģҽʹҲǿˣѻкҲôӱ
Ȼ˲ţô﷢չһģ̨ҲǸѡ񡣡Ҷ°˵
滹һЩ⣬Ҳʲô¶ѻ˵
ӶɽеУȻУǴзǱУ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣɽее̨֮Ĳ࣬ǲԵơ
ѻԣһ˴ӶɽеУ治ʲô¶Ȼֻһְȴû˸κҪ
Լ뷨ɡҶ˵
⼸æʲô飬绰ȻûдͨѻȻʵ
һʺƣһԹĺƣҶѻʵ飬ҲЩ԰ڵ


1100 
Ϲұص飬ҶҲֻܹĸһԴʱѻҶͰ¶ȥһͨ
ԣڷֵһٶֻƽ𣿡ѻ֮󣬲ɵõһ
һٶֻƽ𰡣¶ĳҪԶڵõڶ䱦ֻӰ졣
ڲǲԴԽΪƶѰҲҿɻƽһֱǹҵͷȴ֮һڻһ֧רŵĲɽ𲿶ӣ·սڿ̽Ͳɾĵһϡ
ʱҶɾ͵һٶֻƽȷʵѻеԾ
ϹұȽ˳ۣͰЩƽңʵĵҾûе֮ģϾҲûа̫顭ҶָͷţҲǾϹܿŮһΣϹһΣ˳ǽ˼ң٣Ҳ١
ѻˣͲҾãؼⲻϹܿĹϵҾЩͬѰ
ΪĸףѻҶ黹֪һЩģԶľͲˣҶŵ̨ǸͮͼпܸҶе岻Ĺϵ
Դƣѻ;Ϲ֮ԿϽôһʲƸ͸ҶδͲΪϹܿĹϵϾϹܿҶĽӴ϶֮࣬ϵҲϳƶϡ
ȥһ죬Լͷ۵ġȻ𱸶ʲôѻҪѵ
Ҷ߶ݺݺһŮѣڿܻνǵЩŮǶҪż˵ͣǾͲ˵ˡ
ҶݲͬҪҶŵŮӣԲ
ʱìֳǵóСˣҪӵġ
Ҳûа취Ҷᵽ¶ʱҲһգͷЩ鶼ƱˣҲô鷳ģĸ״ô˵ңվ˵۰
٣û٣ƢǴˣҵĶ˵ѻҶ޻⣬ɵû˵
ô˵ˣʱҶƽͻˣպĸӣǾЦʵ
֡Ҷʵش˸кȥĶ£ŵһ߶
ıӣڶҵĻˡѻҶƽ߿
ǿɲСҶƽ鲻֮ЦŶҶ˵ҶСߦ㡣
ҪǱߦü¾ܹĻҰֺηҶش
һѵһ˸Ȼ˿˵
ƽôҶƽһ̣ڣȻҶ
ڱص飬Ҷһ͸Ҷƽ˹ͨҶƽǻƽҶԼãǶЩ䱦ʲôģûһ£ڹģҪƳġ
Ҷ뷨ҲеͬΪԼȱǮôҲûбҪŽЩ֣δһζʱڣᾭõĿٷչղƷļ۸϶һ·߸ߵģûбҪھͳЩ䱦
Щƽ𣬲˵Լ𣿡Ҷʵ
ƻ仯õһʻƽϢ©ˣںͬ־е飬˴£Ȼû˵϶ǶʻƽȽϸȤġҶƽҶ˵
Ҷˣʱͳ
˵˴ʻƽ⣬ҶδؾͻǣȻѾҶٵ˶棬ͶȻû³ȥĿԡ
Ǻͬ־еһ˵ͬ־Ϊֱкľù˵ҶİҶܲ顣
Ҷƽû˵̾Ҷĥ¶
ڶԶӵ˽⣬Ҷƽ֪Ҷ϶ܹȽǵľʧ
ȻһСҶͱʾͬ־¶Ļ͸˵ҿԽЩƽóҲûġ
ŶʲôҶƽˣǸеЩ档
ڵϡȨԼȨҪҶ˵ܹ¶ˣôЩƽҾ͸ôȥ
ȽϳԿҶƽ˾˵
½ϡռżһһģһһ½ϡ60%ڳڣռó63%ϣҴ½ΨһӦͬȼͬƷϡƷĹҡ
ڵϡԴҪϱ飺԰ƶش-ϡΪϡԴҵΪ4350֣Լռϡҵ80ϷϡϡΪеϡ
ĿǰھпɼֵϡԴ鼰жʮʡ
ϡĿϡԴΪݣϡҵʮŬģϡƷﵽϣΪʵһϡ
ҶƽЩȻǺǴŻ֪һЩģ˾ͶҶ˵ڵϡҲңֵҲֻвһԪӣҪһٶֻƽĻǰװ׿ɼʮ꣬ȻҲòرǮҪ˵ҪͶʸ豸ʲôģһʿ
ڵĻƽ۸񣬻390Ԫһ˾൱ÿ˻ƽ14Ԫӣôһֻƽļ۸1400Ԫһٶֻƽ14Ԫ
ҶͷϵĻƽ𣬴ֵܼ20ԪңֱȥϡĿȨͳȨȷʵܲ㣬ϸͶʣʮ֮ڶòسɱ
ҶƽУҶһǾϸ㣬ûгԿʱ򣬲֪ô췢ʲô񾭣Ȼóôȷʵе
СûзհɣǽûҶƽҶԴеѯʵ
ûе¶úܡҶͷһڣЩرʾ⣬ͬ־ϰôشˣ˵ǻôǾǵˣ棬Ҳǿʲô
ҶƽҶʶ˵˵ѣǾ͵ͷðɣȻ㲻ںǮҲûʲô˵ģͷͬ־Ļһ˼ת
ΪףҶƽҶкܶǮģȻǹ極˵£õģȴҶҶ쵽ûǮĵزҶԱλãȴǲʺϸôĽǮϹϵˡ
ԣҶʾҪûƽȡϡĿȨͳȨҪҶƽʲô⣬ֻҶҪʲôѡ
ǲô˵ֻҪ֤˹ڶϡ˵ô㣬Ҷƽòʲô¶ȻһЩȷʵ½ϡڣϡҵٿ˽˵УôҶҲһƵףʾΪ
Ҷƽôһ룬;Ҷһ̺ܴ塣
оСڿӣ׼ˣβ֪Ǹ˭ùˡҶƽԽԽôǾЦ
Ǻǣһ㲻ˣǲԼˡҶҲȷʾ̬ȣҶȷʵǴ飬Ӽ˵ġ


1101 뷨иͷ
ϡĿȨͳȨҶθڵǺܴ󰡣գںͬ־İ칫ڣͬ־ڸеһ̸⣬ҶƽǱ߶Ϣ󣬺ͬ־Щȵ˵
ҶҶƽͬ־Ĺӣλ˾ʵ
ͬ־˵ͷһƽҪЩƽջôһ
Ǿֱջ¡еλ˾˵ҶϺƽͬ־Ҳֹ顣
ûô򵥣ƽϹġͬ־ҡҡͷƽ˺ܶ࣬˭ҿڣΪǣһǷԸ⣬ס˰ѱ߿ǻԲ˶ߵġ
ԭϹҵĻƽǵǲðˡеλˣʵôҶʲôϵأѵϹҵ
ҶϹ֮Ĺϵ൱ã˵Ϲ⽫ʻƽͬ־ش
ȻˣֱӸҶϵмٹһֻƽ𣬹ҳչҲǿԵģ˭˵ʲô߶ڻƽҲǷǳԵģλ˵ĻҲܸߡ
ɲһֵĻƽϰٶֵĻƽ𡣡ͬ־ҡҡͷ
ϡٶ֣еλˣʱЩſڽ
ѹͬ־ôԭϰٶֵĻƽ𰡣
ǵõϢһʮҵĻƽ𡣡ͬ־ͷڵĻƽһֱϲȥǸӲˣǶʻƽƸǷǳעģֻƽеУܾܿǵվֻʱĽӶǸĲƸõĻ׸һЩ鷳
ԭˡеλˣʱȻ
ڵվֻµĲر⣬˶İֻôȻҲһЩССزأǴĻƽû
˵ʱվþƽ˻رʱ򣬱˵ķɻըˣҲ˵ƽ˵ɣ˵ƽ䵽˵С
˵¼µϼõƽԶս֮ССĳйѸٵطչΪС֮һ
ڿЩ˵׶ƽ䵽ϹУѹûʲôϢ
ƽǵһôʱ˽˵УҪڹҵкôһЩĻЩܹվԵĶǹң϶Ϊ飬۵ġ
ô˵ĻҶϡȨͳȨ飬ǱȽϺʵġеĸ˾ͷ°ˣǸϹ֮һȼ۽ĹϵƽǳϡĿȨͳȨãΪƽ𴢱Ȼƽ׵ôһƽĻͶˡ
ˣǸءͬ־ü
úϰٶֵĻƽ𣬸˭жһ޴ķ⣬ܹҧһڣ㹻Լңϴ뱲ӣǹеһЩˣҲס
ԣҪδ⣬ȷʵǱȽͷ۵ġ
ϡ⣬ҲôôӦġͬ־뵽ҶҲɵЩͷ
ϡͬ־ֱ߶ȱⷽϣǹڵһЩսԴԴһЩھϺϷǳҪĽǽԴ⣬ЩԶʲôܡ
Ϊʲô˵İߵܱȽ׵ػķķëȵ
ΪʲôM1T-72̹˵ֱಢ󣬵ǰȴܸ翪𣬶Ҵø׼ΪʲôF-22սԳѲ
ÿһΪʲôӲϿѧĽǶϡܹһԽ⡣
ߵܱȽ׵ػٷëȵǵƵϵͳʹ˴ԼĹܴ壬Щڵ۽̡϶ϡԪء
˵F-22ĳѲĹܣǿķԼ̵ĻͣǶʹϡƼ͵ֲϡ
˵F119ҶƬԼȼңʹȼѺϽѺϽ˵ʹ画F-22Ļ̣ʹϡԪǿþѺϽװ
ĻڳѲУF119ǿĶԴݻԼ
˵ǰڶϡĿӦãôӵĻôںսЩ˼ľ漣սֲսֳĶս̵ķǶԳԿø߲е𾪡
һ˵ϡɾһС
Щϡ󲿷ֶǴӹȥġ
ˣϡĿҲ˾޴ΣգԽԽĹҺ;Ϊ˻öԶֵķǶԳԿϡз
½ΪϡһĴӦϸϡɣֹ̽ϡڵġ
ʵϣ½ϡνӡ
ǰʱϡͱұ֡
ϡרŵĻȶҵߣһԹ֮ƣʯҵҲûĴ
ǣϡҵʮ귢չĳɹϻͣڼԴˮƽϡ
ʵϣϡԴļҸҲкܴĲͬ־ʾڷȺϡΪսԴжʱǵϡڸʱֻǱȡͨƷѡ
½ΩһԴӦͬȼͬƷϡƷĹң˵Щ½ڳţƳɱ繩Ӧ
ôĽǴٳ˹һЩƳǿļ
۴ķͬ־ܹеˡ
ҲйǣϡڣôڹɵӰ죬Ǿ޴ģҲųⷴĿǽħͬ־ʾԣ°
Ȼ˵ĻԽϡĿɺͳڶ˽лһ¶еλˣ˼˵
һϡ˽лôδĺܳһζʱڣϡĿҲãҲգͶûжĹϵˡ
˵ҶҪƳڣ߼۸Ҳûйϵˡ
Ǻ¶һõĺ¶뵽һ㣬еλ۾һԺͬ־˵
ǺǣҲúиͷͿôˡͬ־ЦЦͷһὫһᣬҵΡ
ʵϣҽԺƣϺٻֹԺ񣬻϶Ǻͬ־һֲֻҪַûʲô̫ķĻ黹ܹƶȥġ
Ȼֻϣͬ־顣
ϡĿȽϻңпȻ壬˽ԿɵҲأ˴ϡ֮ÿ껻Ҳһ˵ǡͬ־ʾҶҶͬ־ƽϡȨͳȨ룬˱ʾǳͬʵǵĻƽ𴢱ܹܶü޵⣬ͬʱҲܹϡҵй淶ڵı׶ˡ
˺ͬ־Ļֲ֮λĸλίԱгίǣ죬ʼ


1102 ԭͬ
¶Ұͬ־һ£˵ʵҾһת
˵ע˹ͬ־ͽ˵ϡĿɣ϶ǹҵڸ㣬Ϊ˽ĹģԴﵽ˽Կɺϡĳ̶ȣҶϡĿҲҪϸһЩ˽˿ȻЩطѾ͵͵ظ㣬ǶڲҪƵĻڱȽϺʡ
ôֻǽϡҵ˽Ӫ𣿡ʯȨͬ־Ȼûй飬ȴһЩɡ
˵ʯ͡ú̿ͿɽԴԴҵӦεڹҵеģĻͺ׳⣬Ӱ쵽ֵȶ
ϡҵֵȻߣҲһҵ룬ͬǶϡǹҵеζȱҪĵζƷ᲻Ӱ쵽ҵأ
˵ˣϰô½ϡڵŷոưոݣ
ǣһʮҵĻƽ𣬴˵ջʵ̫ˣǿҶ˳۵ʯȨͬ־ҲҾֱӷ飬һЩ
оǹϵķӦҲҪҲ⣬ŷոԵĻҵĻìܵġ
߶ۣҶүӡүӺҶƽһڶǷǳĬûпڣֻﾲ۱仯Ե÷ǳӡ
ϾҶôΪˣܲڣþǲˣʡñΪǣʲô֮ˡ
Ҷʲô߼ǲ˵û˲ǵͬ־ˡ
¶ҾͲˣҵľˡҶүӾܾ̬
Ҷүӵ˵̬ȣúܶ˸еɻˣΪ飬۴ķҶռ˹⣬ô㶼ǿġ
ϡⶫȻǸĿǰ£ڵĿӦó̶ǱȽϵ͵ģԳڴҲ֮£ֻǳڼ۸ȻȽϵۣ˲˼֮Уʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
˵ܹһʮҵĻƽô˭ǿ顣
ϡϡܶȻ֪ⶫǺöǾôãͲˣ̳ϵЩ󲿷˼ڹĶǺȨϣϡʶֻͣڡһֱȽֵǮϣִʶȻ޷ϡʵֵӶ˴жϡ
ʵϣϡҵ򣬵أڼֵƫͣ쵼ʶѲ˸ϵ
Ҳû˱ʾԵģ˾ƽ˷¶úһܲõӣʼʱ˵һ¶úԽ豸ͼ
ʵȴǶԷĿ̫죬ûȵͬͿúˣʣЩ豸ȻͦģȴѾû̫ˡ
ⷽľѵȻ˵ԴӦҶûƽϡȨͳȨ飬ܵһʱƣ˵ʮ꣬ʮꣿҪȷеġ
Ǿʮɣʮе̫ˡ󽭳ͬ־һ
μֻҲʾ飬ͬ־鴦ȡҪ̫顣
ô˵Ҳԭġ
ô˵Դ˽лһʱڵ˽лҲǷǳе飬Ȼкܶͬ־гõᷨлĶĲͬ
ϡȫҵ˽л鱻ͱĻҪкܶ˿ʼ۷׷ˣֵעǣŷյȹϡҲ˸ӵĲȷԡ
ԣҪô͵
ȻҶûʲôǾɡͬ־˵
ɢ֮ҶүҪȥμһ½ӴһүӾҶƽǰ
Сôôһ뷨үЩʵҪϣһʮֽӣǶõ鰡
ƽĶɲһȻ˵ڻƽ𲻸Ԫҹˣڹó׵УȻû˻ܾʹûƽ֧ΪⶫǹҪΪѹĶʹõģҲǳǿҡ
ҲΪԭзһʮֻƽ𣬿˵ǴΣ޲һǶУڽѹ⡣
Ҷһ㣬Ҳûиϸ˵Ҷƽ˵ǹϵսԷһЩ滮СӲ˵̫ϸˣֻ˵˶ãͻбȽϴĶ˴һ
ôҪĻǿɾеڴˡүˣʱȤҶСĥ飬ǿ϶Ǵ¶
¶С¶Ͳ˵ֻҸ˵ĿϡڵȷʵֹۣʲҶҪȫҵ˽лδؾǻ¶Ҷƽ˼ػش
һԭҶƽû˵ڡ
ǾŹҿʼżó֯ĸ׼չϡҵҲһ޷ܿҪ⡣
ڵʵǣڶϡȻһзӦãȫҵķչԱȽϻȼҪٽϵͣΪϡҵǮǲٵģԳȻǲò顣
ǹϡӦãԶԶǰģҪģ½ϡƷһҪ½ȫſϡĳڡ
İǵҪһȵϡĿɺͳȫſĻǹҶϡҵĿƣɾ޷ʹָˡ
һ뵽֮󣬶ڻڹֿ֮еĸսԴҶƽ;Щƽ˱ˣҶڻԼòţҲñ˺ùв½ĹҰȫ
Ȼһε鵱УҶһٶֻƽ𣬿Ƴ˴һƽҲǰ׵ģȻ̫أںЩʲֵҪԶԶسһƽļ۸ҶƽöӵҲǿġ
Ҷƽǵ͹ϡҵҪԣҶûкʮ飬ȻϡѸٷչĵҵãж
Ҷܿ͵õϢ˵Ǹ߲Ѿͬ飬ϡҵ˽лһ波ԣҲĸһҪԣԴԴҵǷҲܹԴ͸ʽ
ΪһµҪ⣬ϡҵ˽лȻذ죬Ҷʡȥ鷳
ȻˣҶԳ棬ȻǣͷˣģϹˣǰͽӵҶĵ绰֮Ϲܿʹӵ¹ֱ飬ҶҪ
Ҷ߻ϡҵ˽лʱձ˷ӦձפʹݵĴʹԼ⽻ˣʾձعע½ϡҵ仯Ϊ½˼飬ұʾ½Ӱ쵽
ѰʼˣҶϢʱ򣬶ʱЦˡ


1103 
еôϹܿüͷҶ˵
ոմŷ޸ϻϹܿΪڷɻϢõԵʣʱ΢һЩήң۹⻹ǱȽģһӾָڵı׶ˡ
Ϲҵ⣬Ǳ鼰صģͻȻôһֶϡնƵǰ̨ҵĻӰ쵽Ķ⡣Ϲܿ˵һְȨϹڸصдѹĻǵʧܴ󡣡
ţԣ϶ǴڵġҶͷͬ
ϹҪǺڵһʣȻ˵ҲһЩҵǴӹǾһùļ壬ƿصĺڵĿġ
һ飬ϹҵĹϵصôϹܿԣǵʧȽϴ
ǣʲôϵأҶû˳ϹܿĻͷ·ǷһѾϰˣص˹ڷչͲҪٿɫ
ǡϹܿҪ˵ʲô̾뵽Ҷ뷨ɵЩȵʵ˼˵Ϲȥڹ
ǺǡҶЦЦȻûеͷϣ̬ǺԵġ
Ϲܿͨһ֮󣬲ɵöҶֶЩ
ԴϹҵ֮ϹǾͽϹҵĺڵ֣ŷ޷չĳع½ϹңӺϹңѾһ壬֮ĸѾˡ
һ֮ûдΪҶˣֶΣôҶõԼҪĶûԼ֮Ϲ쵼µĺηȷʵһδ֪
Ҷƶϣǳ׵Ŀԣġ
ôҶΪ½Ϲ濪ʼǲֵʱ˳ֿһϹڵĺҲͱȽİˡ
Ϲ㣬ǵ˰˱ùϹܿ뵽⣬ҲɵЩп˵
̸ǣԼһЩ鱨ҲҪúõؾӪһ£һε鵱ܵҶϹܿ
ΪϹصĽӰˣϹܿҲԼ鱨׵ģŷޣޣһЩ֣Щ˲ڼ壬һ־ӪģԲûв뵽ϹС
Ҷ˼ҪֶЩӰԷĳЩʱ򣬾Ѹٶ׼ȷ˽⵽ŷ߾̽Ķ
һֱڴոͶάֽŷյȹҵչϹܿҶһȽϿ϶Ļش
Ȼ;עһ밶˾ɣϡ⣬ܿҪᵽճҪϸԴγһҶľ档Ҷ˵
ڵǱȽϸӵģϡҵ⣬ҲȽ϶ࡣ
ҶҪһֶϡҵϣȻҪһȽϺʵĹߣעһ밶˾ѡ֮٣ͨ˾кܶԼ飬Թȥ
ڵǾǹڸ߲߶ʱͳһˣϡҵгԷһЩ淽ȴûпô׾ͷеȨҶֵµĹ˾ӹЩȨǵķҲǿԤƵġ
ǹϵܶ˵һ£ǵʱϹܿϴ󲿷ֵԼ˾վһЩ˲ϷģЩҪҲͷ۵⡣
ԣԹ˾ʽԴЩ⣬ԶȽìܼĳһ˵Ҫõöࡣ
ҺܵĵģķӦϹܿҶǶڴ½ʵǷǳӵģһֶϴӰı仯ʱǵķӦܻǳǿҡϡⶫڸ߿ƼҵҪԶ׼ģҾձ˵ǵһû׼˺ܿҲҪʼָֻˡ
ȻǺɫȨȴȱ˻ձ˵ˣȻЩ˴˵ԼǺ飬ĸΪȴ֤ʵһ㡣
ˣձӷ֮Щ˻ҡźǳಲ󣬶ʲôϡ¶
һЩ˱QñȽϻʵҽýγһЩϰյ֪ɻ֮󣬾ܹγһӰӰ쵽߲δߵ
ͬȷʵܻɿģҲȱǵĴˡҶҲһ㣬ȴôģҲǼһЩɲǷʺڵλϵĺûᡣ
ŶϹܿˣɵÿҶһۣȻıƵƺûʲô仯ҶĻɱǷǳԵġ
ҶһβҪϡҵҸɵʧͬʱҪڹھһЩӦôܲ
ȻˣûҶҵӴûҶڸ߲ҪӰҲһ㡣
Ͼܹܳ۵Щ˶ԣͨʡɲҲδؾܹѹסǣҪ֮ԷĻǾ͸һС¶ˣʱпȽϴ鷳
ڿ쵶նҪϹܿѸٵس˺Զóܹ˾עʽһ𣬲Ѹٻ˹ĹΨһϡȨɳȨʸ
Ȼڹûʲôȥע̾ڹ˺䶯ϵһЩý嶼׷ױʾעΪ½ϡҵߣֱܻȽϴı仯һıϡϵ߿ƼҵɱȽϴӰ졣
׹Ҳ˳ʾ׹йע½ϡĸ̣ȷĹ治𺦡
ձͿʼڹڵıֽýϣƪ빵˾ٿܻձڵľôôصвȵȣһЩѽĸо
С÷׳ҲҶ˵绰Ҷϡ¶ǲǸ̫ˣķӦܼңձˣձפʹ춼߶ܣ˲ʤ䷳
С÷飬϶ǲǵġҶЦЦϡ⣬ǹԼ飬Ҫ٣ǮǵɣΪⲿϵѹı䣬Ǹ߲ɵĹʶ˵ˣձ򵽵ϡǵĺƽˣǵķӦӦˡ
ҵȻں飬Ҫעһ£۰ýҲһЩϷϵýҲһֲгʾϡ¹繤ҵķչӰشӦȫгϣӦÿʷĵ׳Ҷ˵ԽԽĻɺܶ಻Ӱ졣
ŶǵжǱȽѸٵġҶ֮һ¾˵ҲǵǿȻ˼Ҷʼ׼ȺˣôҲܲʾǱ߶ǵϸݵˣǸ㲻С¶Ǻûӣ
ǺǣǵˣδУǴˡ׳֮Ц
ǺǣС÷ĿԴˣ֤ʧġҶʾ
սʲôģҶˣǻˮ


1104 ת
Ѿ˴ˮս׼ҶеСԷˡ
Ҳʱ䣬ϡҵͱ÷зɿеĸý壬ȻҶǷ׷ӿץ¶۷׷ס
ϣ۵ĺ˼룬ϡҵ˽ӪϹ档
Ȼˣǵм䶼ûᵽӰʵŷյȹҵƨɾı߶ȴѾһĿȻ顣
ϣҶڸϹܿһЩϵ飬ͽӵĵ绰ʾкܶ౨ֽ͵ҶĿ
ҶһֽȻǧƪһɵĶǹϡ¶ۡ
ǳҶһµһûзأǵǷ׷ܹˣΪҲܰôô
㲻˵ǼҵӰǳ𣿡ϹܿЩɵرʾ
Ӱǲ٣Ҳܲ˵Ҷ˶еıֽȻ¶ҲҪ̫ģҰŵսҲÿʼˣؿɲֻǡ
ȻҶʾģ滹ǱȽƵġ
Ϊͨһε飬Ѿúˣܵݵ޳ˣǺܶģЩ˴󲿷ֶŷܹܵƽ֮ͳ˼ҵ߹һʲôָʾʱҡźΨֲֺãںܶԺЩҡһ䣬˹֪йͷ֮١
ƫƫǵϳαװһӽ˿͸ƻ󣬳ΪǸΪǰڻҡ
ǺùˡҶĥ¶ҪôһӣʡǼǳԲǴ
뵽ҶָҶƽ˸绰ţƺеͷҪֹ
ţҶƽ֮̾ͷӦˣ˵ýϹϡ˵ɣ¶ͻ飬ѵ㻹ܲ˼˵
˵ȻǿԵģ˹ӵǮΪҡźǿ˾ͻġҶֱӾ͵˵֣ˣ˵һᷴ㿴Ҫôһ±ȽϺʣ
ˣҲţƽʱóִʲôģǲǵĵϸȷʵױǵԻġҶƽȻҲ˽⡣
ʵΪԾսϵ֪ǻ϶صעҶƽ˽⣬Ҳʲôֵ顣
ֻǰҶƽ˵Щ˵Ĵڣ˵бףֻҪǸ̫ĻҲԸ˺ֱӰΡ
ԭô¶ǾͲˣҶˣʱеЩˬ
սͬҪ󣬾ûҶƽʾһЩȻǲǴӿ͹Ҳܹ𵽶ǸĽãҪ֮Կʷǲ˺ú˵ʱڣʷڰʱڣɵ˺Ҳġ
ŶҲЩҶˣǵ˵ͷʾͬ
ʵϣ뷨ҶƽУ൱һָ߼ɲǣидǴǸǣ۵ĿƷǳأҲǽȻвٲͬ½ռгȴܹҪԭ
Ȼˣ䣬Էⲻ۷棬³Ͳ˵ˡ
Ҷĥһ£˵ĻҾͲ鷳ˣ¶Լ취
ϵͳȷʵҲҪһ£еĵطֵ̫ˣѾɥʧΪýĶԣĳЩĴˡҶƽҲʾ
еϵͳҶƽһֱǱűȽϿݵ̬ȣûйزֽȥⲢʾеϵͳͷǳ⡣
෴еĹУҶƽҲһЩֵӵ⣬Ǿȷ۷ȻǳҪǲóġ
ȻˣϵͳɹܳһζʱҶƽȻҲⶫĶһضǳУһԣǾԲܸһãĻ鷳ܴ
ϵͳ飬δؾһҪëҶζ˵һ䡣
ţϿʮһˣҪסһΧڣִ󡣡Ҷƽͷ
ڶҶƷԣҶƽǺģν֪ĪҶԲˣĿǰʱȽһЩԲʺϰִĻ˭ûʲôô
Ǿͷ߰ɡҶȻ뵽һ飬ɵһ񣬾ͶҶƽС
µ棿Ҷƽˣʱһ㶣ȻΪҶ飬Щϡ
šҶ˵ͷ϶һ㡣
ҪĻԷųҶƽһ£ڵͷͬˡ
ѾְˡҶʾ
ʱ򣬶ʱоˡ
дúµϢʾ޹ҵĴȡϤֽ᷽֧Ϥ᷽˶ҵԤһξ»УϤƱ渺
֮䣬һ㣬ʱ˸ýصע
˵ʲôܹԶסĻʧȻҪһ顣
Ӧ˵ڽû֮ǰ˶νƽǱкܴģΪ޹İƥ˾ȷʵڣǾһ֮ŷ֣һƨСӶƭˡ
ҲµܶŷлĹˣѹһȻͬ·
Ҷͽǵúֻһֱûй˵ϡ
ʱȻ飬Ͳܲóˡ
ҶҲڵľǵٰһʢİ˻ᣬһЩģٰһȱİ˻ᣬƳټٿ⡣
ͬʱҲһʧܵ£δؾʲô¶
ĹھѾʼ˸ٷչ˵Ҳʼ˿ǰͣһϻ˵ͻȻ֮󣬾Ͳ֪ԼԼɷˡ
ҲһäĿԣǸ˾͸дһ飬˵ʲô˵ʵǹڸܲԶԶûдﵽԸˡ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ʧȻһ¶ڿäĿĹϣݺݵһ⣬ѹһԶԶûдﵽǿڻ˵ĵ̬ȣȴһ
£Ҫʲôƽֱǳ˵Ρ
ϱŷַģǿʳûʲôƽԡ
Ҫ˹ƽԴģʵֻߵΪ
Ҫ˵һ³ɹϤᣬھǶԣûʲô̫ԵƣҲ֮Ϥ˻ᣬʵϳһЦٳǳʧܵİ˻ᣬܶೡеĹڣ˱ˣ¾ʣ´Ϳˡ
ҶôЧȴǷǳԵģһҹ֮䣬ýصתˡ
Ŀǰԣ¹ѾΪŵʱ̣ǣ˵ģʱͻȻ˺Ļʲôϡ֮ľͨôңԶĶɶҪ߶վ
һʱ֮䣬ǶºĻ


1105 Ļ
ЧȻôԡϳԷʱҶƽͷǳʾ
Ҷܼ򵥣ǰϢ˳ѣԵĶȨԽϸߵý壬Ӱܴý嶼ʼ׷׹ע⣬绰֤еԼĹϵȥ⽻ͰίĻ
ôһ͵ڵý嶼ʼ׷׳ίԱϤ顣
¼ķͣ¶Ѿչŷոý壬Ҳһܴ飬Ƿ׷תء
̬ùڵİίеǳͷʹ
ԭϤǾǵǿ֣ڶԷôһ׵Ļȷʵǰί൱ѹڹý飬ίҲкܲõĿ
Ϊýзǵ¹ôðίԴ½ĸй½¾ǵľ谭
ȻˣѾˣģǸί淢ʽźѯµα顣
ô˵ҶĿǴﵽˣһжɻڷ˼ϵϡ¼ý巽棬ûȥ⣬ͷȫίԱϤ¸һ¸ˡ
ҶڳԶ˳㿴ţ˸ҶƽĻ֮󣬾˵еǶ²裬֮ǰҲҪԷĶԹĵչսǺһĥⲻͷӻǷֵģǰͲء
ԣһˮҶƽЦʵ
ҶһжƵǻˮϡ¶ûˣڴҵĿⶼ¹Ǹǰί˺ܴѹǹʰίǱ߶ͬеǳ𶯡
˵ʰίǱ߶ĻҲܶ࣬ίԱ߹Աܻ¸飬ټյ˾Ƿʽ֮Ҳ̤ʵ
ۿžѮҪչͶƱǧ˻ľٰصˣƫƫͱ飬ϢУѾȽ޵ָܻ¸ĳԱ˭
ڹʰίԣҪ˭˻¸ʵǺܼ򵥵飬ֻ¶֮Ҫô治ðˡ
½£ڹʰίԣʵһ¶ܶ˶ϣᣬڴ½ӰϾһǳӴг˶ܹܱ棬Իʰίǳ
Ҫ֪ʰίĳԱǣ϶ԼӴҵ½гܹ˳򿪣ôǵǷǳ˵ġ
ͬʱҲĵģǾŷյȹ̬ȣһʵģϤ£ʵϾΪ˴Ҵ½£ʱ̧һŵơ
Ϊ˶ƴ½ķչϤվ֣òˡ
УĴҲֻëʯǶԻϵΣڹھõӰ첢󣬾ǷҲǸ̫ƽģ½˶ûֱ̫ӵĸйۣʺǰ䡣
棬˵ǸĽĻϤҲô¡
Ͼϼ㣬Ϥٰһ˻ᣬԿճġ
Ҷʲô磬ǵıܣĴҲɵӡ
ֻҶǰ֮ȷʵϤ᷽ЩֲˣΪȷʵ飬ȴûϵ˸ˡ
ϢҲеõģαȻд֤뵽֮ǰŷȨ⣬Թڴͼ¹ĴĿҾ͹˲ôˡҶ˵νû棬ȴһӡȻҴˣ˵Ĵ˷ǳţʰί᷽ҲǳأЧԶ֮ǰϺõöࡣ
ҶƽͷⷽҶȷʵյ˺ܺõЧ
һϡû̸ˣڶǰǰίȡȨӱУ˳һֽ˶Էһ
Ҳ˱ʾġҶƽֽӵϣҶ˵˾ͱʾһε飬ý巽治ȫ֣ŵ⣬֯鵱Уڱľ棬˱ʾҪ׷˺ͱýء
ǳҶˣʱƲƲҲô棬Ϊ˸ʲôѶأŷУƴ½ķչǵһҪ˵ʲôµ飬Ƕѣ
ҶʼΪĳЩĴϣȷʵںܴ⡣
˵һֱ˵ǵĹǳɹϣѡеģǵĶֶһһֱǧٰ˵ĳ֮ǰ˶ǱäĿֹ۵̬Ϊһ£ǷĪˡ
ĽȴǸ˴һĶ⣬ȦӶɨء
Ȼ˵ŷȹһµƣǰίĹȷʵ⣬ͱһЩ⣬ûк͸ع֮ڣǸ˻һڵĻ
¹еһЩ⣬ܹر¶ĻŸӦҲʱЧӶʹ
¶ҲãʵڻʺϾٰһΰ˻ᡣҶ˵
߲뷨Ҳӣ²Ӧѣܳ˹Ȼ˸˵飬ǳɲˣҲֵø˵顣Ҷƽǵͷϵڵٰһʢİ˻ᣬдӵɣʵҸǲͬġ
ߣҶ֪İɣֻһϷϰտҶ°˵
Щ飬治˵ϾĻ̫ˡ
ҶͣҲֻǴƶһ£Լʶ࣬ȴܹ֤Լ뷨һȷġ
е飬ʵֻںܶ󣬴ڲ෹󣬸ݵʱĻƵԭʵʱ򣬲Ż֣ᷢԭôһ¶
ֵø˵ľǣûȥעϡˣϹܿǱ߶Ĺ˾ҲѾ׷ճ̣һжú˳
ȻˣһЩ϶ǲưոݵģȻڵý岻¶ˣǹý壬ý壬춼ǹڴ½ϡ⣬ɿķ
ǣʱƣԼ½ýĲϣڸеûʲô˼ˣͺڴ˶ʱ򣬹һʹһȴ޶ԣȻûʲôġ
ȻվǲĵģձԼûᣬֻӳˣɳԸΪһʮŶӣԴ½չʻ
ǺǣڻסˣǺ¶ҶյϢʱѾӾǻص˶ɽУϾѾ뿪λ̫ˡ
ۿʮһٽĺܶ๤ҲҪгԴġ
֮ǰҶҲίиҶƽһ飬Ҷƽ˵ýðʲô˵ϡ¶ˣҪκ壬ץ˵
ҶƽͷӦˣҶ˵ûǰθĻԷŹǺ¶ǾĻϲˣҪϳ͵ġ


1106 ʧ
ҶصɽеʱѾǾ¶ʮա
ͬίľ̸һ¹ϵһЩ飬Ȼί˸棬žȥѹһЩϵشһ¡
г÷̸һ¶ɽؽĹչ
˺ܶ๤ͶʵѾʵλҲ˸۵Ǳ߶ķˮʦһĽ滮÷Ҷ˵
ŶҶ˵ͷˡ
ˮʦ飬ʵҶǳֱȽƽ̬ȵģȲҲԣˮѧǧ꣬ȻҲռ͵ʵǶڷˮһЩϸѧ滮ҲЩϵġ
ΪǰʮĹϵⷽܵĴȽϴԴҲ٣Ǹ۵̨Ǳ߶ĴнΪһ飬ϰڴǱ߶˹ָԽ
ҶҲ⽻¶˽濴УҪֵþ˽֪ǾͲÿˡ
飬ҲİţԸ۵ѧϵ춫ɽؽģᱻץסʲôѱ÷͵
ǾͺáҶ˵ͷ
ʵҶĸоԣǷڶɽУĹӰ죬ĲǺܴ󣬵·ľǰѳִ֣Ĺɽ÷гϾͲʲôë
Ψһֵעģǽ÷ŮˣɲǸҶһĵġ
ԣҶҲܳʱƮͷĻ߶ǶҪ÷ˣʱǻҲһ˾
ҶԼϣָߵ棬˼
ֽ÷ľƺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪˶ɽеĹ˷ϲ¾ˬ̸ʱ̬Ҳ˸еࡣ
гʲôϲ¶𣿡ҶȻʵ
Ϊʲôôأ÷Ȼһ£Ҷôô
ʶѣֻǿгӡ÷Ӧк¶Ҷںҳ
ǺǣҶгȻῴడ⵹ϡ档÷ЦҲû˵ʲôֻֽһ飬ͶƱǧ˻ٰеʱ䣬ϻֱֳΧҲֳ֯ۿľǵȳίμӣԭҶгϲˣˣȫˡ
÷˵飬Ҷ֪һЩġ
ʵϣΪ˶һ¶ڻﱸ֯𣬸طҲ׷ϣֵöһЩڽҪͶƱǧ˻ٰôҪʱ̣ȻӦ֯һЩ֤
顭Ҷ°ͣЩ˵˼Ĳ󣬷Ӯ˵飬֯ôȥܴ̼أ
÷ҶĻɵЩطʵΪʲôӮˣ˵ϣܴǵľֶȽǳΪǧ˻ľٰУǰ϶飬ýҲһֱôġ
ĹʻãŷȹǵĴѹȽءҶԽ÷˵ǰһֳȨ᰸ֳ˻ѡװⶼģ£ǼܹʤҲǼ΢ƣοĿǰƸϾˣǰֵܣҲ󿿵סΪԪѡƱεȵۣ
˵⻰ʱҶҲ÷ʵ̫ˣԪҶ棬ƨ¶㲻ϣȻܰŹؼѡƱߣ˾޷ۡ
ЩǽͷСĴ԰ɣ˾ĺľǹƽ͹ģξԵģôܳ飿÷Щŵҡҡͷ
ǺǣƽҶ֮Цôܵ飿ίĳԱԼģʹŸ棬ǵҲи󣬲Ҫ̫ˡͶƱ֮ǰʲôѡƱҪѡƱܲ˼ҵôʲôģΪһε飬ǸĴۻǲСġ
ίԱĹңͽÿһεͶƱּۻ۵ĻᣬǾϵģϵģܻϣʤĹңָҪ˵ǳûҲãԸϹҲգģ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ƨģֻһȺ潻˺͡˵飬Ҷɵһ
÷ˣɵƲƲ죬˵Ҷг˵ģıۺ͵ȼ۽ʵڲô׶
ϵĻ÷ʵ
ϵĻҾͲμˣû˼Ҷ˰֣ȻҪǲμӵĻǰӭʧܵ׼ʡõʱ֪˵ʲôǾˡ
ͬĻҶָ֮ľݽһ顣
ôôۣľҶһԷĻ֮󣬵û̫Ļɡ
ĻأϤʤҶͷӦӣЩ鲻̫ˣǰĴ˿ɲǱûʲôӸѡȻõӦ֡
˵ΪЩ˶ڹĻЩäĿֹˣ˵ȹڵԲвˡľݵͷ˵
Ҷ˵˵ȷ٣һֱڹڣ˵ǹªţûмʶӺģҲһֱôǾǶˡ
ˣϴμҵʱ򣬾ͶɽؽķһЩĶҪ󡣡ľݶҶ˵˵ȫ渺Ƶͷˡ
͹滮ָʲôãҶˣʱһüͷ飬ҪƵ
ľݺŮˣеҶǰԴ׵ͷҶеǳ죬ںʵʱ򣬰׽һ¡
θúŮ֮Ĺϵ治һ׵飬Ҷڻû뵽ʲôȫĺð취ֻǳʵʱٰ顣
һ飬ǹͳսѡ⡣ľ˵ʡѹȽϴƺʡίϱȽִţҲе磬ҪȻĻǿһ飿
ҶĶͷȥϹһع֮ǰѾһЩ˵ʡίǣҪսһͳսǶɽеĸɲǾӦøظɲһЩᣬìܾγˡ
ҶԣίĿսɲѾˣȻǲϣҵģϵ̬ǷǳȷģǾǼԡ
ͬʱҲľݽԼʡίˣڿЧǺܺ
ɽǶʡίƿ½һҶǣ¹ѻԭҲ޿ɺǵģѻյҶɽеͷϣ̫ӦˣѵãҶô۸Ĳɣ
˵ʱҶвɵЩһζʱһֱææȥģĶԹشӰĴ£ǺԺȻڰŪǷǣе޷ˡ
ȻûʽļǾί壬Ƽͳսһ˸ʡίҶ˾


1107 ¶δؾǻ¶
ϵ飬ȻͬҶԤԵ
˵ʮ֣ͶƱϤʤ
ǽƱ֮ɥʧǧ˻ٰȨ֮˶ڵӻǰĵᡣ
Ҷ绰˵Ǳ߶еСɧ˰ѵӻ¥ˣƽʱʮϣ첻ͣڽϴЩƺΪæòɿ
£û˻Ϊǻʧܡ
һж֮УͶƱʱ򣬹㲥Ӹ߹񱨵ΪֿԼһͰĸ߳
ȫʱ̣ȴʧˡ
ԭý嶼ΪľǱǽؼһƱͶϤᣬҲΪ̨һƱûͶǣǵֶ̨Ծǧˣǳֱ̬ȵġ
ȥʱ򣬴½Ϻʽڴ½⿪ŵ;УҪһֽһι졣
ؽϺҾܺվһߣǸӼ߰ߵĹң֮ҲδɣǣϺڱ̨֮ڴ½
ʱȡ˷ǳҵĴʩԴ½Ϻ½ѾģһŬ޼£ʱΪҲֻǻǵ͹˱ʼ̨ϵһҼ̨˰´βƵг꽵㡣
ƽĶۣЩܲѺãҲķӦ
Ͼ棬Ȼһ˼Ҿ͸ʮ壬ƾɶ˼ҷҪģ
ӦˬҲܼܿʱϣȻѱһƱͶ˴½ľϤᣬʹڵڶͶƱУ½ͰĴǴƽ֣ƱͶ˾ǣǽϤ߳Ʊʤ
ȻˣЩһֲա
ΪͶƱĵˣûı̬ʵҲ֪ƱͶ˭Ϊʰίϸıƶȣ˲֪ݡ
ͶƱĹģȫʰίίԱ᳡зίԱ˵ȣȫ뿪᳡
ȫԱžܵڻ᳡̺ʽϸĿľҪֹκ豸Ϣ⣬ȷѡٹ̾й
ʵһͶƱʱܶ˵оһԤУΪ½μпܻʧǰ㣬ΪڵڶͶƱ˹ʧԵѡ֮˹ص֧һᵹͬӢԱİĴǡ
ȻƱ45Ʊ43ƱǽƱϸ΢ܱϤᡣ
˵ĴǲСģٺܶ˶ܹóͶƱг˶ڴ½ĵ̬ȣϾϤʲôطҲʺ
ڶϣɽίٿίʱ˵ɫȻܲÿȻǱϵ飬̼ˡ
ʵҲҪôߣҪȻͻܵⲿִѹ˭Ը⿴һǿĹҳ֣ܵĴѹԽ֤࣬ԷҲûеҶ˯һþ٩٩̸ñְΪнשߣӦ顣
ľҲʾҶг˵úܺãͬ־ҪĹ
ֶΣҲһ˵ǰûп¶˿ܻ䰡Ծġ
ǻ˵Ǻ飬ǿˣָ˼Ҳ˲ɣּ֯ľ˵
ĺûô˵ϵı飬ҲǺܲˬӡ
Ͼ飬غÿ˵棬ҵ涼Ǽʹġ
г÷ʱЩҶȼ֮ˣʱҲ̬Ҷг˵òʵĳһȻѡˣǻ¶ӦԵõ¶Ҳתɺ¶ٴҶıĿҲĿǰڵһЩͲ㣬ǰĶԴķչø졣
г˵úð̾ͬ
һлȻͽ⡣
Ļһ¹ͳսѡ⡣ľݾ˵
֮ǰȻʡйǣҪսһͳսѾѡ¡ʡƼǺǿƲ֣ԵûʵĽҲܼңټҶļԣһʱ֮ͽˡ
ּ֯ĿһԴٽͬ־ȥְ֮ίͳսλӾͿˣôȥ϶ǻӰ쵽ģľǵ˼ίʡί飬ƾͳսͬ־βһְ
ǲװɣĺͱʾͳսʡίָɣͻȻô㣬еԽ޴˲ǣ
ίǶηɣһֱûзȽϿ£ҶȻҪһҶķӦΣᡣ
ҵӦøɲķչռ䡣Ҷ̬ȣǺȷɽеĸɲ黹ǲģҲӿֳܶĸɲͬ־һλĸɲίӦøķչᡣ
Ҷ˵սɲɽѾˣľǣңгⶼǿսɲٹһܶͬ־ǾҪˡ
ˣʱЦ
һ¶Ҷ˵ɽеĿսɲʵ̫ˡ
Ȼǰӣɽķչȷʵܵ˺ܴĴѹֻ˵Ϊ֮һ㲻ܲϣǿսɲĻеʱ򲻽ӵȷʵһЩµ鷳
͵ίһ֮£о쵼ʵϵʵۣؼ̰ڵĿԡ
⣬ҶǿúģϾΪսɲǲڶɽд̫ãԸעصľһ̵ʱˣô¢϶ɽйٳʵȨģЩо쵼ǡ
ӾˣЩ˾ͻγһӴϵȦӣڳзչǼΪġ
ԣɲҲӦάסͨѹ֮£Լ£ֵ̫ˡ
ʡίҪô죿Ҳ⡣
ΪίҪԱ°ϣȻҪʡίľǺȻġ
ʡίʡίĿǣҲίʵ⣬Ҫϼӳȡʡί֧֣ҲӦĹҶݱʾʲô鶼ʡίţίдڵıҪ𣿡
ҶгҾһĵг÷ѵ֧ҶӦö࿼һ¶ɽбɲǵ档
ͬΪսɣ÷ȻҲϣͷΣɶͷΣӵ汳ͳսս˵ҲûʲôʵԵĺôܹƵĻõһµġ
ǴҾͶƱɡľݿһ£ͶƱҪ
ΪͳսλÿȱڳһʮλίҾֱ֮󣬾Ϳ˴󲿷˻ǷԿսɵġ
ĺʾ˷ԣ˾ȫͶȨƱôһ޳ƱʹﵽʮƱ֮࣬ȻǺͨ᰸
ƵĺԼĴԽԽˡ
ĺԣȻһ¶תһ룬ʡίΪ飬ί˿ô飬Ծδǻ¶ˡ


1108 Ĺ
ҲǺܴʮɲڶɽίͳս˲ʮ꣬νǾḻڸλҲˣʺεʱ
ֻͻȻίΪͳսĵлǸеЩġ
ΪĸɲĶҲӪһЩԼĹϵ磬ǨϣЩϵôĲǺܴ
˵Ϣ֮󣬴ľ͸еЩжδ;ڴҲж¶Ƿܹɹĵǡ
ϾֻҪǾʡίͬ⣬ʽί˼бƷĿԡ
Ȼˣίίǡгλһͬ⣬ƾٵķǺصģһ£ʡίԵ
ȽУʡ¡֮ǰûг¶ʡίѡҲڶɽίǿһӻңôʡίǷܹ˳ͨɽίѡǾͺ˵ˡ
ٳϵϢǴúܿ죬˵ίϵϢӦñȽܵطģɲһʱ䣬Ūþ˽֪
Է׷׸ϹʾףصͬŻǣֻܴʾлͬʱֱʾԼȫ֪飬Ҳͷ˼ʲôԺ黹˵ȵȡ
˼֮Ҳ˻˾顣
塢ĸˣȻǳģѾˡӾͶԴ˵ίǺ۹ģ̤ʵµˡ
ֻ̤ʵ£ǲġ˵ͳս˲жʮ꣬ҲˣʵҲûԼλһ죬һίȷʵе֮ˡ
ڴĿ˵ǷҪսһֱ˵ίͳսڲǿľ֣ǹϵӲ֣ǰûоԼлΪ
ȻֻһĸɲͳսҪίӵģһܸߵĸɲˣҸݾ飬طʲôͻ飬˵ɽǸͻȻ״ôͳսȥִֵĻҲܶࡣ
һľ֮ԺҪһĻᣬ׶ˡ
֮ܶһǳѵõǨᡣ
Ȼ黹ûг䶨ǲҪȥľ߶߶Ѵĵ
¶˵ԥһµľɽеʱҲŮ쵼Щ滹ǱȽϹ˼ɵģ˵һҶгҪûڳίб̬Ļ¶ҲֲҵͷҪּ֪֯ǿǸҶгϵܽġ
ȥݻһҶгҲӾ˵
ǸгǴᣬ治˵Щյͷ˵һͷ͵һͷû׶
ŵһĵ棬ǺгμĴڶɽУԵЩˣľݺҶ֮䣬˭ռƣе
ǴίͳսĲŵθְҲ͸ĹϵҪľ֮ǰеˡ
㲻̬ȣҲ˵ǽͷݣû˻ˡ
ǰҲһʵʵ⡣ĵͷ
ٳϣľ̫ӣҪ󻷾棬ͱߴĴ棬ҲҪмʵ൱ѣһŶȡůĻӢ治תģᱻ˸
֪ٳϵķգԴʱҲǷǳᡣ
ҲһЩǵģʱԵùڻԾȴ˵ķУľݺҶ֮еκһλͻȻ˿ôڽĳУ¾ûôͨˡ
οʡίһأ֪ܹܲȥء
ȻĻȾһĿһӣ;һһ
Խ࣬ĻԽ֮࣬׵
ով֮󣬾е绰˹
ãǴģǡĽ绰Ϊλףصģͱˣ鰡ãʲôָʾ
һӣ˵绰ĴľЩЩɻض˵ˣҶгҪȥʡ档
ŶˣҲһʲô¶
Ҷг齲Ҫȥʡίһöġ˵ҲеţҶԴȥ顣
ͨί߶һʡί˽֮Ͳٶʲôˣǵʡίķ
ڼ䣬Щ뷨ĻȻǿܵʡȥҹϵġ
û뵽飬ҶгȻԴȥʡ棬Ҫö飬еЩ˼ġ
ѵ˵ľ棬ûһ뷨
벻ҶôŴȥʡĻľǱ߶϶֪ģĻҲͬ顣
Խˡ̾˿
ҾǺ¶ĥһ£˵Ҷгȥʡ¶ɹʿ϶ҪԼȥڴöࡣ
ѵҰѼǮһ£иʮӣһȥʡȫϣȡ¶һ¸ʵˡ
ǸϼҸǷӵǮôҲˣˣ̾üͷ
ҪĲǸǷӣʵλá̾˵Ҫͳս涼йģʱӸǲ
㡭ǹٰ̰ˣЩЦ
ָ̰٣ڹؼʱӦһ¼ˣҲ㹻ˡӵθڵǲ
룬ֻĻǻ治ʲô¶ίίĸɲ֮󣬶˶ҪͽأôһǾ̣ǽƣ׵öࡣ
ǵʱֻ΢͸¶һ˼µ˾ͻǳܵؽˣҪ˵صصĳˡ
žǴϽ
ˮĹԱȷʵеģһ٣̰īĹԱȻҲеģһ٣Ȼģ֮ģڻɫʳемûз飬ְȨΪԼıСʲôģ޷ġ
ˮ㣬ͽȻɡ
ڶһ磬ľȥҶ
ҶҲûж˵ʲôϻֱӾͰ˳һҲûе󹤷򣬼򵥵˼֮󣬾ͳֱʡǶȥ
Ŀų治Ϻ˵ľȻҲȥʡ֮ӦôԼ飬ȷʵ̤ʵ˺ܶ࣬û̫ĸо
Ҷгͷ飬ȻĹˡ
ߣһε飬ӦûȽ˳ɡš


1109 ͷ۵
һʱ䣬ҶѾкһûˡ
ΪϹһع飬ͷ˺þãҪôھǺرʱһλصǣепġ
ʵΪĵؼгҶǵĴӦǶһЩģϾܶ鶼ҪǰͨΪʡ¡֮ǰĹϵզأǱҪҶǱǰ¶
󲿷ֵ飬ֱ÷ֹܵĸгǴˡ
һιȴΪ˰ݻʡίɽǣöɽͳսѡ⡣
֮ɫѾˣһ˵ȾסǷЪϢ
ҶŸҳͽӵɽغ׵ĵ绰˵ǰݷá
ɽǵλ飬ҶǱȽ̸ģ¾ʹӦ
ʮӣغ׾͸˹ԼģȻеҪҶ˵ԾͲڳˡ
Ҷгþòˡغڶ¥Ĵ棬һ߶ϢɳϵҶЦ˹
ã˴˱˴ˡҶЦŸغָ֣ԱҪһ衣
˺˼䣬غ׾˵ΪǶɽίĳͳսһ£ʡֵìܱȽϴҲеȽͷۡ
ôأҶˣɵЩ
ʡͳһ¶ҶԤϣϾﶼһ¡ѡԼĻҲˣ϶ǶԶɽίǳ⡣
λʡγɺɽǵѹȷʵǴ˺ܶࡣ
ҶҲеܣϾһ֮ɽǶںӶʡĿѾ˺ܶ࣬ټ¡ãǸǴһ˾ͣҲô̵ʱڣͶɽǹʵԵв
ɽǵֻôһĻôҲɵӶʡˡ
Ҷг֪ǵλЩȵغСҶ˵
ţҶ֮һ£ùغ˵⻰еزˡ
ô˵ɽҲίɵӶʡĴԱƵǷ⽮ǰǾܾ֮ܶںӶʡľڣûʲôֵܹġ
Ҫ˵ɽǵλòȵôΨһĿԣĹˣǸҶ˽⵽ƺλԱУûʲô˶ɽбȽԵĿ
ôѹʲôطأҶеЩ⡣
Ҫɽڴծʱ鷳ˡغС͵
ŶӰҶˣʱҲüͷ¶ȷʵý
ʮĩʮھһծΣ
νծǶҵ֮䣬ճиڻԼڣӦδǷ׳ƣҵ֮Ƿγɵծϵ
ծĲҵʽ㣬ĳƷѹܼʱתŲϵɲƷԽԽ࣬ΪѹƷЩҵѴԽԽǷγ˶ѭ
ϣծγɻҵʽšת飬ҵʽؿաӶǷǰǷкͬԽԽѵӦгԭַǣʹҵϵʽֵҵʵʽ٣Ʒҵ޿иγծ
ΪһЩʷԭ򣬹ծȽأ⼸Чձ鲻ã󲿷ֹ֮䶼ծ⣬Իǰ֮£һЩԭûоӪĹҲΪծ⣬ÿ£Ӫ
Ӷʡծ⣬ͬҲȽͻ
ΪúʡӶʡú̿ԴǳḻǶϸʡĸҵҵȫӶʡú֧̿ŵġ
˵Ӷʡú̿ҵӦǷǳ׬ǮģʵҲˣΪһЩԭ򣬺Ӷʡú̿˳ȥ֮޷ʱջػ豸Ͷ˹ɱȴ޷ӵģǷҵҲԼѴ˵Ҳڻؿ⣬˸ӵծ⡣
ծʷ⣬Ȼ֮ǰͬ־ծĹЧҲǺܴȫӣôҲΪⷽ⣬͹ֵɽϰɣҶʾԼɻ
ؼɽǵֶеǿӲˣͱѡغеεرʾ
Ϊ飬غ׶ɽǵ飬ȻǷǳ˽ġ
ӶʡĹڴ͵ú̿ҵϣһЩعҵṤҵҲУǲԴ˰շЩúҵصˡ
Ϊծ⣬ԭӦݵúҵȴеҲˣΪ̣ȻǺܳģɽǾһǷծ󻧣ͣӦúֱԷǮΪֹ
ôˣҶˣȻһ
ʷȻйԵģô֮ҶΪɽǵԸıģȴû뵽ô
ӴҵǶɽô޿ɺǵģǷծǮ쾭壬˵Ը⽫˭˭ҲǺģǶЩǷծҵҪǮȻ飬˵ͣӦҲʲôë
̫һЩ
ʵϣʡݵһЩ󣬲ûûиԣʽ֧Ǵûƽ顣
ԶռƭǷ̵ܹʱڣ۴չʽѷʽǶúϴծ񣬿϶ϾϣǷǷѵʱ򣬲Ż΢˼һ
ǹһҪҲܾͶҵĻԴҪʲô⣬Ȼ쵼ȥͨ
ΪծԽԽˣеʱҲųи߲쵼ҪǺӶʡ߶ԿģҪһСǮɶãúǱüʱȥġ
ôһծԽԽˡ
ɽɲʡڷΪǿӲǮͲˡ
ôһǵ˾̫ˡ
ҶԼĶǣ˵ɽôȻǺģȷʵӹڽεĴƺеˣȻ˵гתͣǹڵ̫ˣͲгá
һ۵أ޷ʵԼе룬߶ջȻûģΪȴӰ쵽ϸʡĸ￪ŵĴþ棬Ͳˡ
ԣϸʡ쵼ǣ׷ǰ״ìͷָɽǡ
˵ʲôҲܼ򵥣ĴڣѾӰ쵽˶ϸʡľ÷չЩԴǼҵģѾҪɽ¿ˣѡɵɲǰӶʡִ֡
̫ǿˣ˵ϣҲһĿΪǲʺٴںӶʡˡغ׶Ҷ˵
¶Ҷ°ͣ˵ʲô˼أ˵Щѵ˵ָȥⲻɣ
һ鷳ô׾ܹ㶨ġ
ңɹغԼ˵Ҳ


1110 ֮
ȷʵҶеЩΪˡ
ӹغǰݻԼ飬Ҷܹóʱδؾɽǰʾģɽ뷨ķӦһЩùغóȻԼ˵顣
ϾҶغ֮Ĺϵֻ˵Ƿ֮˵غ׶ĽύѣֲԵȵĹϵȻûкõҶְæĳ̶ȡ
ƫƫӣȴҶܵһɽȷʵ˾ģһҪʡڹǷ޶ʷ⡣
ծ⣬еģǰʮ꣬ãѾˣ˵˭Σ϶㵽ɽǵͷϡ
ⲢܹΪɽжεĽڣϾǸģҲǰհʶ쵼ߣծⲻܹʱõôӶʡڵĹ󣬶ͬΣбΣա
Ϊһε쵼ߣɽǾԲԼڣģҪƾ֡
Ƿ۹ڣǷծĶǴүǷծֱ׳ҪծĸһǶϸʡˣǵķչȻܿ죬չܿǰᣬȫԴкע롣
ûʡݣǸԴʡĴѪԴⶼ˵Ķϸʡ϶޷ЩģҪ˵ʲôٷչˡ
ʡ֮ìǺԵģǳ⣬Ҫ˰ڵƫƫǸԽø˸еǳˣοǱǷ˼һƨծз
鲻ð졣Ҷ˼ָһ㣬ڵģϸʡǽӰǶƽصʡݣÿһλǵﲻģΪ㲻һλλȥǣ϶˵֮١İæҲ𲻵á
˵ʵѾˣϸʡܹ֮ѸٷչҪԭǴѪɵĻη٣νһǿݣûиԴʡͰ첻һ㡣
ȸ˲ûҪ˹ͬԣϣʡݱѪ⣬ϵظѪǸӸԣ¶ͺܲ˵ˡ
Ϊкܶ뷨ծ޷ڸ߲֮УҲ뷨ǾΪ˶غ𣬱ԶʡݺԴʡӦøһģǶԴġ
˵ģУȻӵ£Ҫ˵ЩҵǷծⶼˣҲôӳҵġҶ׸߹غ׵ǷֱؼҪվģһ˭Ҳ޷ı䣬Ǹ߲λǣҲûʲôߡ
Ҫôأᵽ¶غײɵ硣
Ȼ˵غΪҶܹæҲûָ̫Ҷ˵⣬ȻҶںӶʡ沢ȫûбҪ˻ˮһǷǵС
˼һ¶ԸԸ֣һ¶
ð죬ɽһΣȷʵе֮ˡҶ̾˿֪ļԲȶ֢Ѿֳˡ
Һγ֪ڲʱֻѾٵȥˣˮһսпܽʡڹ̻Ļ󡣡ɽ̾˿ڶʡί鳤ӽ˵
ӽ֮󣬾˵ֻôһŪĽӰܴ󡣡
⻰˵úʵڣɽˣҲ˵ͷȻһǺġ
һΣɽǵˣǶȥˣЩԼЩĻˣɽǶʲôӡڹؼʱ̣ų侮ʯĿԡ
Ҵûܹ·һֱȥɽǶӽ鳤˵뵱ֻһͨúˣܹߵڣ֧ҵľҪҵһֱȥ˵Ҹ˵裬Ǻܷϡ
ܱԼǵҵԣҲһʧӽ˵
ԼӽǺ޳ɽǵֻȱ֤Լ治𺦣ſȥ飬ܹߵλȥôԺ󷢻ӵû
ӽڵͱȽϺʣʡίί˼ǺԶģԶɽǵĶ΢ʡ
Ҫ֪һΣɽǵĶ˲·Ѿ˺ܶˣźӶʡĸɲǣҲ˴ıʶǽ;ٶһЩӰ졣
ǣɽгҶͬ־ˡԱ绰˽
ɡɽǷԸ
ˡӽ鳤վ˵
û¶Ҫ˵ɽίͳսѡ飬һҲ޷ɽ˵
ɽôһ˵ӽ鳤˳ʵڶɽίһεľҲе棬֪ôôǿҵطԿսɲˣ
˵ҶҲãľҲãǽ÷Ҳã˶ǿսɲһɽίľȷʵе˼
˵֮䣬ҶͽˣȻˡ
λǶɽίƼĴͬ־ɽǿŸҶˣҶʵ
ǺãǴġ΢΢Ȼָӽ鳤к
ӽ˿ģȻе㲻λǴðģȻܹ¡ʡƼѡȥõ˶ɽίƼ
ɽʾ֮󣬾ͽĿƵҶϣȻǶľٶЩˣ˵ҶҪΪ˵飬ҲؾͰ
ŴģܶͲùˣ¶ȷʵɽǸеЩ棬˵Ҷôǳġ
ǣʡڴծ֪չˣҶȴû˵ڴĵ飬ǳе⡣
ŶɽһʱЩ⣬ɵÿӽ鳤һۣͷ鳤ͬҲЩ죬Ȼǲ֪Ҷʵԭڡ
¶ȷʵеУɽԼеֵסЩѹˣȻ뻹ûȷ߶ĿǰѾһЩͷҪи߲棬ѹ
һ鷢ĻǾζһδծжʧˡ
ծʧֱܵӰ죬ɽʡڵĵλҡпܱϳӶʡ
ծȷʵȽˣɽҲ⣬ҾӦһʡίĺ٣չһծҶһضɽ˵ͬ־ԶɽеǳϤҾծСĸ鳤ЭҰ顣
Ŷɽˣȷʵе⣬û뵽ҶȻ֧Լжˡ
Ҫ֪ʡڣҲее쵼֧жģȴҶոմӾǸϻ͸ôһݶȷʵǳ֮ˡ
ӽˣҲǾһ񣬺ȻˣҶҪͨɽǵȷ֧֣ȡô˳ͳս۴ķⶼһʷǳ


1111 Ӱ쵽Ĵ£
ҶҪʲô˵ġȺձλÿص±󣬺ܶ˶ʡ
УҶԶɽгݣ˶ɽнڵķչصԸҵȡõһЩ˳ʵ˵
ӸɽеķչȷʵǺܺõģô̤ߣᱣָȲǼõġ
Ҷµĺ벿֣ͻһת̸ֱ˶ɽзչٵһЩƿ⣬˵ְ¸⣬˵ծ⡣
ֵһģҶо˶ɽоӪΪѵļҹҵ˵ɽú˹˾ɽнԼϵҵ
⼸ҵ˵пԿó⼸ҵӪǲģǶ˳ȥȴղΪ˼Ӫȥòнֶѭֱӵ˾ӪȥΣա
ȻҶҲᵽˣ˵Ƕɽ֣⼸ҵעʣծȱ̫ѪԶԶܱѪʹãծⲻܹõѸٽĻ⼸ҵ϶ҪƲġ
ˣǮȴղǷծǴүеǷΪҪЮϵشӶɽеҵѪԼծʲôΪҶָǲŵΪΥΪǱΪӦܵϳ͵Ϊ
ǵˣҶڱֽϹǼǰ˵ҵơ
ƪһ֮󣬾Ȼ󲨣ķӦȴǺܼҡ
˵Ŀ⣬ǼڡȺձϵģΪһָĹٷý壬ݶֽķأ˵ʲô⡣
ѵǣһЩ仯ˣ
ܶе̾ע⵽ҶǴǼҵǶϸʡصҵҲǸʡص㱣ҵҵ˲ôڵҵܹծ
뵽⣬ǵвɵò˸ָӵ
һ㣬ǾΪʲôҶ»ڡȺձ棬һ׿ʵǴ˲ļصҵ֮Ⱥӣ¶ȷʵһֺܼĸо
Ƕϸʡ쵼ǣԴ˸ΪûƽʱӦ߲⣬߽ʲôģǼͬһʱڣĬȻеҪһˡ
ǽˮµжҲȽϼң˳кҪҶƪµα༭
緽浹ûʲôӦҲ˳Ӧ˵Ҫ󣬽α༭ְͣˡ
ҶǱ߶ķӦѸ٣ֱӾͽְͣα༭Ūȥ˶ɽ츱Σһ˵һصȻûϵҶȻֱʡ
ǹϸʡ쵼ǶԴˣ϶֪ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲô˵Ҷ٣ֱӵҶҪֱӶ⼸ʡصҵսˡ
ֵעǣҶ棬վ˵µƸߵϵģ㲻ô˵˲϶ʲôˣҵȻܹΪصҵõ˵طص֣Ȼǲġ
˶ԴҲû̫ķ죬ϾҶڱֽǴһôҾӦ˸ӬһŤȴûʲôʵԵ˺ֻҪҧ˲Ǯô˭Ҳܰô
ǽеĿˣӶʡҲϵ£ʡھƣ״Լծ⣬صָ˶ϸʡǷ޶úʵʾӶʡѾŲסˣĽпܾȫֹͣú̿
֮ܶһ仰ǾǺӶʡľñƲú̿Ϊʡĸ
ǷծǮ쾭壬˵ͼúǷˣ϶ʲô¶
飬˿ˣԭҶٸɽһģλһһӦ˫ǽһֺǣٽһϵ飬ҶˣӶʡԸٸ˵ʯˡ
Ӷʡܹزú̿ԴôȫʡõķչٶȣﵽһǳֲٶȣǺʵġ
˶ΣǷʡܹĻ룬ҲúӶʡȽķչͨռѲ˵ˣñƻ
ûǮô
ú˻ղǮ˵ǲǷô
˭ԱŵĻ飿
úԴӶʡɻиõķչǰ
ΪѾҶʵ뷨֮ҶһҪֱԶɽ棬֯ڸҵЩǸ˷ͥ
Һܿ죬ɽзԺоǷҵ޶ʱڹ黹ǷԸ߶ҵ˾ⲻǮ
Ҳע⵽һ㣬Ǿ⼸ұҵ϶ǹ󣬺ȻҶʱ򣬻ǱһЩûֱȥ
Ҳܹ֤һε֮ûյԤڵЧҶΪҵΪⳡս󻯡
һԭɽϵעʱתƵҶϣһʱ֮۷׷ףҶڲ²Ҷʵͼʲô
˵Ӱܹծ⣬ҲûаҶ¶ɣ
ɽзԺִļ͵˶ԷҵʱһЩ˾סˣΪҶһжݵģֱýɱ⼸永ҵĹ棬ȻǷǳֵģΪ永Ϊǲš
Ϊŵҵƭ飬ôҶҲ⽫湫˾ߵ̨̨Ҳһ档
ȡ۵⳥ͳҶѹЩҵĴɱ
˽˵Ĺ湫˾Ȼ·˵̨ǣѵľ棿
ҶӰǿǴˡ
һ֮󣬸߲ҲеΪѣȲӦֲ֧ŵΪҲܹҶҸ㣬˺ͬ־ǣͷ˫еһ˵׼Э̽Щì⡣
ԷĴͷܴ󣬾ȻһλʡίǴӵģӰֶôԶѾúܶˡ
ҶȴᳵӣһЩǧߵĸо
һʼĽӴУλǾЩԹıʾҶгôʵ̫ˣҵ֮飬쵼ôôôѾصӰ쵽ҵӪˡ
ôͲˡҶб۾һҲûнʡĴԱͷֱӾָǸα⣬ѵ˵˲ҲҵӪΧô
㣿¸ǶʱҶĻòѪ
ƽĶۣҶĻȻеǼˣǸӻǵϡ
Ҳֵôʲô鲻úõЭأ¸뵽Ҷݣɵ˵˵ˣ飬ûʲôӰ죬ҵ֮飬ҵ֮ȥ
ôͶҸûӰˣҶֱ׳رʾЩ¶ѾصӰ쵽ҵˣ


1112 ƫ
¸ˣʱЩȻû뵽Ҷ˵Ļ
һȡĺͬ־ҲЩȻ
ںܶ˵棬ǴűȽŨĹĻɫʵģһ֣͸оЩ˼Ҷ˵¶Ӱ쵽úܶ˵ЩΪȻ
ȻÿԱϣԼͻһЩȴᵽЩ飬ĻǾ̫ˡ
ֶֻϼεʱ򣬲źóʵڵݵģƽʱûǵ͵һ
˵Լſڱտʲôģ治ʣһ㵱پΪٷƵĸоȻ¶ǴԱǵʵ뷨Ҫ˵ȻúܴǶӦ˵ΪŶѽ
¸¶˵ģӦĥ飬ӦģһķչãϰյӺ֯׳帴ˣùǿʢ
¸˵ĹȻûȻˣǾ͸ҪԼˡҶȴſھȻνĽ͵ָ쵼ɲְȡõļЧΪ쵼ɲ縺֯ڴڼͨʵڷܵĹͻףͻκһġҵĵ쵼ɲӦе׷ͬʱҲһɲ²ʵۺϷӳͶ۵ݡѵ¸ǶԴ鲻ɣ
ôһ¸ˣȴҲʲôëֻ˵һ䣬ûУǡ
Ǻܶ쵼ɲ̸ֲӦó˵ǾʲôԭأҶʵ
ǰʲôԭأ¸ȷʵ֪Ҷʵ뷨ʲôǺ֪λɲôġ
ΪܶɲֵۣѾƫˣȷˣҶָһ㣬ΪˣԴҲų̸֡
Ҷ˵֣ͬС㡢ͬ־ʶһˣʧȥԭӦþе
˵Ȼͬ־Ҷ˵ǱȽϸȤġ
Ҫ˵˼뿪š¹ϡ˼άǵȷ棬ͬ־ȷʵǵڽΪټ쵼ͬ־ٳӦǷǳһҶĻ֮󣬾͸оƺһЩʲôݣھġ
ΪһΣ츣һǹ֮Ϊ֮Ҷ٩٩̸Ϊ쵼ɲĹѵȻŸΪ̵顣Ϊˣǵĸɲر쵼ɲڼܹɳһҵһҵΪıһЩΪԼΪٵ׷󡣡
ˣ˵ͷҶ˵ûʲô⣬ȴܺ棬ֻ˵ôĻû˵ʲôһ
ҶȻлҪ˵ģ˵Ӧ˵ΪԱرǵ쵼ɲӵ׷ӦõġǣΪʲôӦ׷ʲôָȡأһϵе⣬ÿԱÿ쵼ɲģ˵ȷġ
һϵʶҲ͹ۡȷģвȷģҲʮִġҶ˵ǲѿЩ쵼ɲΪͷȱȷۣ˲Ƶ¡ЩֺȺڵĸ棬ҲӰ˵Ϊˣ쵼ɲΪִΪιȷۡ
Ҷ۷棬̸̸аСʱȻ֮˲ٵӣýζ˽ĿģǺͬ־黹߽ʱˡ
¸ǴʱѾҶĶˣ벻ͨҶôСͣô˵ٻ׻Ҳһޱȣ٩еͷǵĸо¶ȴǻû̸أҲ˵Ҷгͬ־ʱǳҽ㻹ץʱ䣬˵¡
¶Ҷ˵̣ȻһЩˬ˳¸һۣһҾʵڵ޷ǾҪʶǵۣѾƫˡ
ʲôǵƫˣ
ʲôôʸѵˣ
ƿӣԲѣ
Ҷôһ˵˶ʱը˹һط
ԭЩˣ󲿷ֶǱҶĵͼڸеˣҶȻûʲôӡ󣬴ʱҶ˵˰죬ǹ˼ںͬ־ĵϣҶ׶ɲЩĻһӵϣչȺŹơ
ǴʱҶȻָǵѾƫˣ޷ˣ飬ǴǴǵ⣬ݲð
ܹҶָȥôǽŶе
ǷչãGDPչһ㲻ˣ¸ȷҶͬ־ôûԭ˿ûеģǱʾ޷ܡ
˲ǲԡҶĻشȴҲϬޱȣһӾָǵڣǷչھûǷծΪֵ֣ʡΪʯֻԼķչ˵棬Ǿնˣⲻƫ˵⣬Ҳı󣡡
ҶҲһ㣬Ǿǧ򻯣ԿȻֻץס˲һ㣬Կ˵ʤˣ˵ʲôĴֻҪ˲¶һףܹ̾óԷƷõĽ
˫ǹལŵͼڹԷ
ͬ־һ֮ҲûмȥˣǾ˵¶˵˵˭Ҫȫ֡
ԣԡ¸ˣ̾͵ͷͬͬ־˵öԣһ¾ץˣҪȫ֣Ҫдֹۣ
ų¸Ǿ˵ȫһ壬һп֣չغǹߵ֮أһȸԣ߹ͬԣĵ·ûģôֽ׶Σֵ棬ȷչҲǸɴֵġҶͬ־̫Сˣûдֹķչǲġ㻹ᣬҪиĻܹɳ
¸⻰òеʵһ룬֪վסŵġҪǻһˣȻͱֹ۸ˣҶ˭ȻиΪԶĴֹۣ̾ͷ˶ԷĹ۵㡣
֣ʲôǴ֣¸ǸǽҶְӣϵڵʵ
ղźͬ־Ҳ˵ˣȫֹȫһ壬ҪغȸԣĴ֡¸ǻش룬˴֧ţҶ治ʲôˡ
˭֪Ҷ̾ͷĹ۵㣬ֱָ¸ʧǵĴ֣Ⱥڵĸ棡ѹ۾ƫˣһеʮƶڿҲˣּӵһ߶ѹûдֹˣ
ǳ¸ǸҭסˣˣҲеɫ˵¸վеСҶϰŶΣһӿǱҶץסʹš


1113 ֵ߲
ּ⣿
¸ˣʱɫһ䣬аá
һʱ飬ȻҶĵץס˰ѱӵеôˡ
ô˵ǸȺʡίǣһָű˵˵˵ּ¶ȷʵġ
˳ȥĻƻкܶ˹Ǻʵġ
Ϊ쵼ɲҪߣҲҶһץס˻ᣬȻͲˣ¾ͽ˵ȷۣһҪʩʱȫȫΪΪּΪ˽ţΪۣΪ³ģıúõҲܰʵָ׷ʵֵķܶĿȺڵĸܽҪ쵼ɲʩҪȨΪϵΪıҪԳԶġѧġά۹ı£ҪܹﵽԼЧԼЧлͳһ
Ҷ⼸仰˵÷ǳпϣˣǶҶЩģҲòͷ⻰ȷʵ˵úˮƽе
¸ˣЩƿˣһŲͱҶˣе޹⡣
˵˵˵ͦ˼ġͬ־Ҷ˵ܸȤ
ԭǹҶ˵ìܵģȴû뵽ҶȻսȺ٣һ·磬úͬ־еЩȣͬʱֶԳ¸ǵ˵˺Ļɡ
ëͷСӶ˵㻹ָжıأ
Ȼͬ־Ҿͽ˵˵ҹ֮Ҷͬ־˵˵Ҫʵʵڣ಻Ҳ治ֻͨŬſѧʵɾܸɳ쵼ɲҪȡûнݾߣʵͷΨһĿ֮·ҪȺڵõôȺڵҪΪһѡʵũաҵơͶҵزǨתԼҽȺձעȵ⣬ýϵȺʵʳЧʼ񣬶˳⡢ǡ֮ʵ¡
ͬ־ˣɵֵ˵ͷòϣҶĻȷʵվ˵µƸߵϣҲñ޷⣬Ļһּʧȥ˴֡
ΪηǶȨкʹҪ󡣡Ҷ˵쵼ɲʩ֮ʱҪηԼԵȨǵİա˵ףȺⲻ⡢ӵӵ˲ˡӦӦĺ׼ΣҪηʷ쵼ɲ֮Ҫʷļ顣еܹʷǵģģЩҡ˳ġò˺¡
òϣҶһ˵ֳ֮ûһλ̨
ʡĳ¸ǶѹƲҶͷͬ־Ҳûгƫ̻ļ˾;ãһζҶôûմĿˡ
Ҷͬ־ЩҲһЩ㡣ͬ־һ£ͱԼ̬ȣǵһЩͬ־ϲµİϷϼ쵼ӭԴһ˼ҪǶȺڣһѹţ伫ǷǳΪ
˵Ҷͬ־۵ķԣΪкܶȡ֮ġͬ־˵ƨɵˣҪȷĴֹۣȷǷǹۣȷۣΪֲӦ飬ȱʧҪã˵Ļⶼ׵Ժ󣬻ָʲôڹңЩ⣬ͬ־ȷʵҪ淴˼һ¡
һӣҾͶˣͬ־Ƿծ飬ʵҲǷǳġ
Ȼ˵չغĿǰҪĿ꣬ҪںϷķΧ¶ָչãȻʲô¶Ҳܵõͬ
ĲǷɻ飬Ե÷չɲȻЩƫˣ̵ֻҲںܶ
˵ֻʹ̣Ϊ쵼ɲ˼άģʽĻôΪ׷׷ռ䣬ڹвȡһЩǷΥΪҲǺձˡ
ϾǷǲ֣ƶѡγĸɲܶࡣ
ⷽҲ˺ܶ⣬ܲ˾
ںӶʡͶɽе飬˭˭ʵ涼һ˳ӣҲͲ˵ˡͬ־ʾͬ־һϣܹƽ飬Ҫֵ̫ˣ˿Ц
ͬ־ָʾǳȷʵǲԸִֻҶгһֱŲţҲ޿κΡ¸Ǳʾ
ʲôҾŲţҶʱŭˣİǷծе˲ɣ
飬ȷʵҶеǳ
ԭǶԷ⣬Ǯ˱ĵطһһң˵Լ߶ԣӰ쵽ǵķչôڰ׻Ƿǲ֣ô
ҶƢȻ㲻ˣôҲҪˣɲʲôطӵʱҲ˿ɻ为ʲôݡ
ĹҲձҪÿݵ̬ȥԴҶȻӣͬ־ȻûһӦ¸ҲеԾ˵Сʵ̫ˣҲһɻ䣬Ǿ˵ܶҵľӪҲǱȽѵģӦûλ˼һ£ܱƵ̫ˣɱȡѵ鲻ȵҵչˣծȻͲˡ
ţԷӪУһλ˵ĿǰǽеģһʷǰΰУ϶ǻһЩ·ģҲһЩ᷸һЩԣǵ쵼ɲģҪóǰչ۹Щ⣬ҪЩʱҪڷΪʱ֮ٻعͷʱ򣬾ͻ֣ᷢʵʱѡˡ
λ˵Ҳʱºܶ˵Ŀʯͷӣ仰ϣҲ˺ܶԼ߲
ò˵ڵµĹڣǳձ飬ƤҲһֹٳַ
лĴͳţЩǲģһˣԺͼˡҶ̾˿ĸǱͨȷģǱֻͨǾӪַܸıһ˵ĵ߶ˣ治֪ʲôӡ˵ģӦһ˶թɹƭǿȫ޳ŵᣡ
Ҷ˵ĻأǴҲʲô©
ȻˣҪ˵ʵ⹥ʲôģҲǰ첻ô֮ǰܵȿһݱȻ
ھԵȨǰַܹǷֱȻʲôĵ·
ͨ˶ԣֻӦΨһѡ񣬶ûиıκοܡ
͵ɣֻһᡣͬ־һʱ䣬˵ôǾô죿
˶ʱҶȻȨС
ô죿Ҷԥػش̬ûеõԵĸƣôֻ߷һ·ˣߣ


1114 Ҫ
ߣ
Ҷļƻ֮˵ɫеÿ
Ȼ˵Ҷ˵ߣֻǶԱɽеҵһ壬ǷҵϷͥɵӰ죬ȻǺܴġ
ڵҵڴ˾Щɻ䣬һ˳ȥãǣҵߵľ޷רעҵķչͻҵǵķչᣬû׼ڴ˾ڼ䣬иľ֣ߵԼǰͷ
Ҷ̬ȼرʾҪ˾ȥʱ˵Щ󵭶ˡ
¸˵ԵΪǷҵĹҲ԰æһǵҪŪϷͥʲôôأ
ǵҵҲϣôֻǵѡҶһֵЩծǵĺܶҵҪƲˣǵҵӪãΪǵҵǷծӲǰǺúõҵϿ壬飬Ҳ̡
Ҷ̬ѾˣҲʵ뷨
֮ǰҶ˵飬ѾصӰ쵽Ȼеġ
һеҵУسֵƲĻһԭ򣬴Ҷ쵼ߵĹûãһЩҵطϵĹϵǺУչǵطṩġ
ԣԭʲôֻҪǶɽеҵִƲôҶгϣ쵼εġ
ΪԭҶֱܹ׳վΪԼڵҵΪѾϵ棬㹻ô
ʵϣ¸ǣΪԼϽҵͷ޷Ҳͬԭ
񣬹ԱǸطϵҵ֮ĹϵԽԽˣǹϵĹϵ˽֮Ĺϵ
Ƕɽиҵ״Щ˽󣬻϶ڵشͷ֣Щ˵󣬻ٵضһЩϵеĳЩԱ˸ɹɵģһʲô¶һ뵽ľЩطǡ
ǻϣҶгԺúõؿһ£ʴĻìܡ¸ЩǵԼüͷ
һδӳǼԸģֻʹȻòΪ֮
ǰӶʡĶȻǾ˸붼쵼кúӶʡͣһϸʡڳЩ֮󣬵Ҳ¶ˣŭѷڣҶǷծĻƤҲͳеǲôġ
ڵеˣҶĶɽкȻһӾͽǷծҵ嵥˷ɳ
˵ӦûܵģΪȻǲȶֵ·ӵģһССɲȻô󵨣Ϊô˺ôȥ
¸ҲöɽегˣԼҲʹ죬ǿĽչ֪еԾˡ
ҶݲҪƾʲôҪúͬ־ίԱ֮ìأ˼ҿĴҪģϹ֡
еһжҶ鵱еĹؼʾ̬ȣΪ鱾ΪҶˡ
øѧһҶ¸ͷ͵ʱڸʲôأ
ҵ̫󣬹ֺæҿͲҪ˷ʱˣ߷ɳɡҶԼǷֱйϡ
̬Ⱥܼͬ־ȻҲٹˣʵǷծ飬ҲûʲôõĸйۣǾ˵ȻˣǾӰɡ
ɢᣬͬ־Ҷ˸кһˡ
λҶгʲôͷôȥͬ־ϵͬһأвˣ̾ͻѯ
λҶгҶϵӣҶƽĶӣλн顣֪¶Ϳʼֹһε飬ҶһӵĻǺӶʡǸú̿˵飬ôôķ粨
ˣһľĲ˵ҶƽΪίԱίǣ͵ϵһλ⽮ελǳͻӰǴúܣȫЩ˵ĺ̨ܹȵϵģҪ˵Ҷƽ󣬻һλҶүӡ
Ҫ˾˾¶
һҪ˾ˡ˹ƵҪ쵼ͬ־
ǰʱ򣬳ʡʾ׵ĴҲ٣ֵֹ顣
Դ飬һǽеڣ쵼氲ʮ壬ȻϢʲôģһεҲֵ̫ˣĽ϶Դơ
ҶĵĻƹһˣҶңҲùȫֲǣ
ǵöϸʡɹӰ쵽չȶ˭ġ
ǹǺ¸һԾͱһ쵼ԸĻͲúͬ־⣬¶ҪϷͥˡ
¸ǿúҶҵӣټ¶ȷʵռԸ߲㲢Ըִ£ĻױΪ֧˶ϸʡΪǸ߲ĹԣȻʲô¶
û̵ôһɧ飬ûԸȥ
ȴ˵Ҷͺͬ־˳˻֮󣬺ͬ־˵ôͲͣһأ
ǱΰҶشķչУһЩ⣬Ƿծ˺ܶ࣬˿ǣҵӪҲܵţⲻĻǵĹһηҪʲôӣʵ롣
ҵծȷʵأĹؼԭ򣬾ǹһЩƶȱ׶ˣֽҲյһЩЧͬ־˵ֻǻѷЩҵѾծϿˡƺƴծȻֱ׳޿ɺǣҪƶȥĻҲ׵飬ǷԺоҲִаɣ
ͬ־˼ǺģΪǷծǲԵģ־ҶôеСӹҼҵĸоڵһЩ飬ǷԺоˣִвȥҲܶģӮ˹˾δؾջǮ
зִ磬ֻҪԺˣǲǮҶԴг񣬡ǮҲҪʱҪĴۣɾͲǱϢˡ
ҶˣԷھִܾзԺоĻôһĶǷծҵӷֱҵΪֹ
ڵһЩ飬ȻǴèģǶҶԣȻʲôܿԣԸĻԷС㣬ܹᵣĶԷˣʲôʹʲôӣ
ǷȱֻһʳֵĻѣһĻᣬҶĶԻѸײڶĿġ
ͬ־ȻҲ⵽Ҷ뷨ҶһۣЩԥҲֻԥһ£̾ͽŵһԡ
ȻǵҶ϶Ҫ۵ġ


1115 еŲס
鷳ˡ
Ҷҿɲô׶Ըġ
Զǧ֮ĽʡʡеһߵУһ顣
нģа˲¥ߣռ൱󣬽ﲿƽףƽ׵Ĳƺͣпҵʱ򣬺Ǻ䶯һʱ
ֻǺһЩ飬ԭϰ¶ˣݱԵͼ룬˸ƾ¿ˡ
˵ݵ˷ǳأҲǳڽʡ˵һ
˵һĸ֣ƺȽϼ򵥣˵ĻͲôˣϾʡôǿټϽʡ߶Ҳ˺ܶϸɲ̸ڣ治״
ĸͷ̫̫û׼ǵְλĴЩȻѾˣڣҲúܣܹͨ
һСĵôᷢʲô룬ǲʿ֪
ǰ⼸λˣͶʲôƲۺڽʡ߶˵ǶһŶܹٳ
ҶҹȻöԸȴҲҪ̫⡣еһλˣʮңȥɫ΢һЩҲݣ۾Ǻɣ˵ԹƣگǣҶҵӰҲǾĳضѣ⽭ʡǻûôӰ쵽ǽ֡
ˣ˵û̾͸͵үӵĽλôߣҶǬˣҲҪԾӣǵǲʲô
ɫڵλɣүүǺ˲Ĵǰʱ͵ι߹٣Ͷ߶ˣһֱãУһ㻹ûʲôԸ۸˳ȥĻ鷳᲻С
ԼıҲСѧģڽں;÷ӣʡļϵ˽󣬾ʡ漸λǺϻġ
Ȼˣ˵Ǳ²СҲͨ˶԰ˣھ̣ܹ֮һ˳ĲԼı£ǳڹٳϾӪ
һ£ǰҵ£иҸǴطһ·̵ƣ¢Դкܶ˲ģôԽǸ㲻ĻǿɾǴˡ
οǷծҲǳ飬൱ޱˣôܲ
ͬӵȥҵһˢӵĻᶼס
ҼүӣͲЩƨˡüͷ˵飬ǻӦһ취ȡԼ¶ˣͲҪˡ
֮һӣûеó̫õĶԲߣֻ⵹ͳһ˿ᣬԼʲô飬ʲô飬ܹΪӶʡ춯Լš
Ҷб£ҲõʡܹؿսͳսҶһܷ죿˵
˷׷׵ͷǣ˭Ҳûнɽ߷ɳծ⣬ϡ
ڽʡӰȻǲ̫ĵģǶԷڷͥʤˣҪִȻҪطϵϣֻҪǽʡ߶ӵĻǾӮ˹˾ô
ò⳥ĻծֲȥȻˮһգûκ塣
ǣ㹻ģ÷Ժоһֽġ
˵ˣǷծҵɲǽʡУҶҶƽУҲǴڵҵҪһǸҪô˵һ
ԣҲǷծҵ˽ҲһֹҪչ׷ֻĻҶҲܺ˱˰ɣĻ˵ˣ˵Դʲôġ
ҶƽҪ֧׷ֻĻǾ൱ǶҡԼĸˣû¶ԼңǳǷǣҶԸ⿴ġ
ϾҶƽʱҲ㳤ҲһȣԸ¶ˣҶֳ¶ȷʵеЩͷˡ
ǸеЩȵȴǣǱ߶Ϣܿؾʹˡ
չ˹ûм죬һذžǡ
ŵҪλϣչˡžӪΪгҪǷڳŶ棬һЩܹطӪϰҵ׷ع⣬ͬʱҲһҵ
ȻˣЩֻϵ˽µĶ͸ΪѸˣԴǷҵǶǷҵִŲȡ˷ǳĴöһʱ֮ʮҵ˱ͣΪһЩ⵽ط
ȻҶƽеĶܴ󣬿Ƕе˵Ӱ治ǺأϾмҵ̫ˣʮҵĶܹʲôĲϹҵĴʽӿг֮󣬸Ľ˵ӿԽЩС˸ѹȥ
Ƿڽʡ˵УǷǳֲжˣΪҵһҶǵҵ˿
Զʵ̫ˣ
ѹô󣡡
еѹģѾɵˣʡ쵼㣬е˳صѹкʾǹڷ糱ߣķӦڹغʡݶкǿʾãҪҶƽͷͺܴڶһελܸߡ
ý϶һ߶ծĹΪǴ˾ٹ淶гΪ˲ŵľӪֶΣнĽչ˺ܺõ̵档
ͬʱýԽʡһЩصǷծҵ˰
һӣ޷ˣΪǲǱҪýˣͬʱΪ⣬ʡý˷ɱ
ȷʾ˺ڰҵһɲøԹ淽ͬʱҵý˾档
ҪϾɱͷû˹棬ôǮ
Ȼ˵ǶйٷǱץסʹţҪɱĻӰȷʵǺܴģϾǵĲƷҪģǵĲƷϾûͬľߣڷ֮󣬸ʡ׷˷ӦǵĲƷɱɵ˸еͷޱˡ
ǵӪҪú֧֣̿ӶʡǱ߶ݣֱӾͶǵú̿ӦˣǱżòǰĻҲٸŵľӪ߷Ĵ㡣
Ӷʡôһ㣬߶ͣ˹ʧ̫ˣͷ۵ģǵµĹҲʼ
ʵڲеĻͻǮɡڳŲסˣȻôȽۣҵԣǿԽܵģϾǻ׬˺ܶǮġ
ǷծΪûӯΪγɵϰ߶ѣ͸ϲǮĹӷһûǮǾԼһȡ
ڵͺΣˣٳȥĻǮҪˡ


1116 ؽĵŬ
ؼʱ̣ϰָ֧úܼʱҶڵ绰УҶƽЦ
ȷʵҲⷽ⣬˳ֽһ£Ҳʲô¶ҶƽЦ
νֵܣӱ⻰ܹԹŴûеġ
˹ϵٺãҲܴﵽȵĳ̶ȣּʷǳСУͺձˡ
йȻǴֲŵΪҶƽҶĸףҲЩ⣬Ͼôһ㣬ͷöදһЩԽⶼ˲УĻЩѹԺǴ鷳
ڴЩһôǴҵĳŶȣҲν֮һεȫǰͷ
˵÷Ӱ죬ҶƽǲںΪеʽǳӴ󣬸νͬһ𣬸Ҫʲô÷չ֮ͣ顣
෴Ҷƽ۵ģȴھýĿϡ
Ȼ˵ڵУÿ춼ڸٷչ֮УǶһ쵼˶ԣѡһЩʺϳзչĿظûкչǱĽĿӦȹע⡣
ȻˣҵҲһΪҪص㡣
Ų˶Ų֪ɡҶƽڵ绰жԶ˵ЩڳϣѾһЩõͷֵصע˲Ϊ׬ǮͰѻĵ¸ˡ
Ҷʾǳͬҵų⣬ҪΪ˵Ĺڱ䡣ǰʮ꣬·ʰţҹջǺܳģ˭Ұתʱڣʵһ˻ìܵʱڣһ񣬾ͻɺܶ޷⣬ԽǸ޷
ֻҪ⣬Ͳ޷ҶƽҶĻȫͬ
˵ǴӴ۵ĽǶ⣬ЩìнĿԵġ˵ǴʵЩìȫ޷ġҶҲܼԼĹ۵㣬һͺٽˡ
ʵϣҲҶԼܡ
ҲǶʮ֮󣬹˻Ͼ޷ѭ֮С
ȵ谷ܻԵ⾫ϴ·ۣǺ°ȼ֧ŵһְͻסָͷܹ¥ķӣ¶ȵ׼ˣҲ׼ٱǹһ
Щ飬κһ쵼˶Ҳǹֽķǵͷ˭Ҳ⡣
ΪЩĸԴѾֻǼ˻̰Աɵģĵ»£ѾѬˡ
ڷɳ˸Ļɵ©£Щ⣬Ǹ޷ġ
˵ҲԹΪЩ漯ŵ¢£ϰǿκγͷϣ֮ľӦ
һϣôһһʲô𣬼ȻˣôҾ͸ͨɾɡ
ҺũҩҾ͸⾫Һ谷Ҿ͸ܻ
׷׵Ļ˭ҲָʲôֻǶ᲻ıѡ
ƽ壬һҪĸҶƽһ֮˵ƽģһ㣬ìܾͻἤģ岻ˣôҲ˶Ԩԣκʱ򣬶Ҫάƽ塣
Ҷƽǿһ㣬ʵϣĴУǳ࣬⼸굱УҲоЩ⣬ʱҶۣҶƽʶһ㡣
ܹܺõؽᾭ÷չеЩ⣬Ǿ÷չȥˣìҲֻΪ񣬶Ϊһ쵼ˣӸߵĲȥЩ⣬ֻЩֽϵGDP֡
ǻһЩġҶ룬ûӦø׿һЩıϣǾ˵ҪάƽҪȽȫᱣϵӦõΣǲܹжҽơס⣬еԶĽ鲻ܸɡ˵壬ýҪɵĴбҪģԲܹδڷΡ
Щ˵Ҷƽ̾ҽơס⣬һȽìܵĸڵڿкܶ˶ģ˲Խص⣬ڲչãҲûжʽһЩ顣˵⣬ʵϵҶǮ֮ͱ׵ˡ
һ֮󣬶Ƚϳأܹõ״ȴûнİ취Ƶ顣
Ϊ߲㣬⣬Ҫͨ˶ö࣬һУʵϣתڣĴۣ󲿷˵棬һԴĽṹ
ﾺ棬аʽᣬͱ֤ǲܳôڵģڳ˽ᵱУ޷ԵĹƽԣڴѾͬһ㣬ʼṹʼԣں
һ׹ƽǲܴڵģû˾ĶôְѸΪһᷢչɵᡣ
ֻв˽׼ìܣ֮ǲϵĶܹϵǰչ
ʵϣᷢչԭԶ޷˽
Ҫ⣬ҪϰҵʱɣϾ֮ǰ˺ܶ·Ȼڻص죬Ǻܶ⣬ܶìܣҲһӾͿԽġҶ˵
һ̫ˣǵ뷨ȡʮʱ䣬Щⶼ׽ˡҶƽشֻǲ֪ܻܲǸʱ򣿡
ҶƽѾʮˣٹʮ꣬ǾǾʮĸ䣬ûпǹԼܻô
ʮ껹ûģʮԺܳġҶЦЦ
ǼҵԵúסúã쵼˵ҽܹͨģҶƽ屾ͲԻʮ꣬治ʲôϡ¶
Ҷţڵķͬ־ͳүǣЩս߹һôĿѣһҲ˾ʮɣҶƽЩûܹʲôǣֻܹͬࡣ
ʡ飬һҶƽʵ֪Ǽҵ򵥣˳ģôһˣѵֻΪ˰ɽͬ־תƻĻǼҿĲˡ
ҶһϵжҶƽͷβǿеģȻ֪ôĿĺڣֻǻͷһ룬Ҷƽ;ҶôƺеòʧˣԲŻдһʡ
ҶҹȻˣνô鷳Լôĳֵô붼Ǻ顣
ȻֵõġҶͷشôΪ˸ؽŬ


1117 
еͦסˣԼȥүӡ
үѾܾö飬һɵĽ֮󣬲ʶѾѽ̫ˡ
үүҪǲĻ¶ǻΣҵҵҪŴˡЩε˵
ôأүӷʵƺЩŵ˼
ôءɵͷػشһζԷѾǵú̿ԴҪĹ޷ǵУܶѾҪˣһж׳нȷʵ޷
ΪʲôҪǵĸأүƺеϺͿˣַһ
ⲻǣеҵϵСĦɽ͵ǣ˵ҵ֮飬طҪͽⲻƻô޷ķڷġΪҪ⣬ҪѸʱ䣬ǵ֧ŲĻҶĸǰ˾ȥ˭ռ
˭ռ϶ǡүӺ˵Ƿծʲôŵȥ˵ҲӦ顣˲Ǯ˼ڰǸϷͥ˸׳нķӣԱ֧ΪԺоִвȥҪΪѾϺͿˣͲ֪Щè壬ҿҵŷ磬类Щ˸ܻˡ
ҶôɵģֲǣˣЩرʾǲ֪ҲŴڼˣ͸ѽˡ֪ܲһûԼҵԼǮһ壬ȦǮ˵·ӣ
˼ûбϷͥ˵ǷծүӺһ˵ƴȥҲҲκŷ˵һ
үһˣڳŶ֣Ƿǳصģ˶ɵܲΪȻ
֮ԸǷծ޷ǾΪеعԱ֧֣ıծͬ˼Ҳ˵ط֧֮󣬵Ͳôˣǵ˷ɳ֮ͱ޷
ŲǾ֮Ҳ֮ڵֻ˵Ǽϵϵļ棬˵ʲôᾫӢҵӣƨһȺǷծѣүӺ
үӶЩνḶ́ȻǼΪмġ
̿ȥΪ⣬ҲƵ©˰׬ǮͬģùҲǿһ֣Ϊǵĸǽɳ֮ϣһ֧ǵĹԱǵ̨ô©ٳĹȻǵһƷ
үӺ֮Щ޼ɵ޷ǾǱʡڸ߹ӵܸһѣΪĻԭΪԷϣԼ߶Ĺϵˮˡ
֮δؾܹ˳У֮ټϲΪĻô˫ֻܰһˣԼɿһ㣬ֻǰ棬ȴûпǹֹıŵľ޴
ЩӣүӾͷʵ㻹ǲ㣬ҵ棬жǹԱĸɹɣжٹɶǹԱӵܣǾӪĹУжٴ鷳ͨЩ˽ģ
֮󣬲ɵЩ
Щ飬ǲ֪Ҳǲֻү˵ѬİЩҶѡԵˣڻͷһ룬ȷʵǴںܴġ
ڣҵ֮󣬻ھݣΪ鱻ؽȥ
үүôһ˵ƺ⻹治١ֻÿЦ
㻹˼ЦЦƨүӺسͷˣȵùľ㣡˭վͷأ
ⲻǻүү˵¶ͻ׽ġ˵
ҲˣԼͷȷʵǲãԷĲģôҵ岻岻˵˴ȷʵкܴᣬᱻġ
޴үͷΪôӣ
үӵ飬ԼģȻ˵ΪһͶ򱾳ǰ߹٣ڽ֮һֱò궯Ҳûаôˡ
ǹף˼ҵͬ·ˣֻһʹİ·޶ѣܹ֮¶޷ǾΪʱҪôһѣųĳһ԰̫ƽ
ɴڵʧȥʵ壬ԣӣ˼ǲԸľǺˡ
ҪѿеĻծˣĻԽԽԼүһѪָǸʱ򣬾ԲվΪ˵ݵģЩֵܵĸ߹ӵǣ
Ǿڷˣ˼һŹ𣿡Щԥطʵ
ʵϣ滹Ǵڽġ
һ棬ôծȷʵеۣһ棬ҵŸɹɵĹɶǵķӦҲǲ˵ģЩʵҵͬү˵һƵǰ̨Ŀܶѡ
ɼȵҶδؾͻôɵطŹͬʱҲܵԼЩǣ᲻ΪԼ̶ʲô޷Ԥϵ顣
Щ飬治˵
ɺȻүү˵úܶԣԼȷʵЩˣǺúõؾӪԼڸӰҵҲܹӪúܺãôһ㣬
ĵģҶǱ߶˼ԾǰǵǼҪһɱӺģֻǰ˵Ļ᲻öԷеŭأ
ϾһʵɱӺĿ꣬Ҳô׵ġ
ôɻʵҵˣ⵹Ǻֵ鰡ҶӵϢ֮󣬹ȻǾЩġ
ɻʵҵεǼҵҲǷ˶ɽҵծǼҵ
ʱҶѡҵΪͻƿڣһȻΪǷծ٣ֵԼ˼һΪԷḺ́ʺ֡
ҶǺģЩҵ֮ԸǷծؼľΪд֧ţԲӣҪɱӺ㹻õĻͱѡôһҵ֣ܹյЧķá
ǣҵȻʾԸ⻹ǮһԸʵ⳥ҶеЩˡ
Ҷ˽⵱Уƺҵĸ˿еĿһеġ
ϧһöóˡҶҡҡͷ
ԣҲʲô⣬ҪѹĻҪɱӺĻѡһҵΪҲܾһĿ겻ţĻʧݰҲ˾ãôĿĵģ
ô㹻⣬һĻŹҲǲԵġҶҶһ¾ͱʾ̬Ҫʾģ⳥ʲôĹȻҪģǸҲز٣ûڣͲ˵Ѿʶ˴󣡡


1118 տҵ
ɻʵҵķҶеЩԾ
Ϊ˽⵱Уƺɲһ׵ͷˣҶѾ׼Ҫȥʡȴû뵽Ȼ·תĽ
ͺһΪ˱׼ʽʼʱ򣬶Էȴһһȭ˿մ˸еơ
ҶеܲˬһҪɻʵҵǸ
ȻˣôҲгɵģɻʵҵǷծɲһ飬Ȼ˵ѾʾҪǮˣһһЩ⳥ҶȻˣô׾ܸ˵ģ
öԷǸҶ˵һӡ
ôе̫˰ɣҶĻ֮󣬲ɵЩզʵ
ô˵˼ɵүүҲǰ߹٣صͳսӰһ׻˵Ļ򹷻ÿأҶٹȻȨƣ۸ûνԼֵʵûʲôҪˡ
ԼĽǶöôʵڲʲôõѡ
ҶҹȻǼҴҵ󣬲ںС󣬵ǺɵȥӳֵʵûпʲôҪ
ͲˡҶҡҡͷ֮ĶһһģͲԷʲôɽĻᣬԼδɵıȻأڽʡһҲһʡڵĹϵȽܼǱ򣬶Ҫݺݴġ
ʲôԵˣЩʵ
ΪҶ飬Ҷ˵ȻҲǱȽģʱ£һЩ飬Ҳʲôֵľٶ
¶ǺȻġҶ͵ɵı󣬻һȺˣЩ˵У󲿷ֶǳɻʵҵɹɣŷֺĸ߹ӵǹԱһɻʵҵץ˵ͣǶԣҲǼʵģֻһ£˵ǻ᲻ˣǷδôջԣҪҪݺݵشһΣ֪ǿ󣬸ȫһϵĴȷǽʵʵ⡣
ԭӣ̡ܽܽˣǳҶ⡣
ֻһǰ̨ϵҪѹԷҪչһԼʵĻĻЩˣ϶ǲģʲô۶
˵ˣ֮ĶȷʵͬҶԣѣһҪԷ·߲УĻֺܶ鷳¶
дԵģ֮ûһβǳѪȵģȻҪƽˣĻĽ֣ȻǷǳֲģ̨ǰ£Ѿǵ֮ĽȻܹ˸ܵеһ˿˿սζ
ҶҪɻʵҵǸ飬ڻɻʵҵڲ˷
Ҷ²ɻʵҵĶ³ǸƵǰ̨Ĵѣ浽˾˾شʱһҲ
ʡʡеһߵУɻʵҵļλĻɶһ𣬿ʼ׷Ƿ¼
ϵı֣ʵЩʧˮ׼ˡһʮ˿ɳ棬˿ݣսռƣĹϵҲûжΪʲôҪһҶҲڶɽжѣƾʲôһ仰ǾҪǮһҪǸ
ǿǺöǮ֪ưˡһŮҲ˵
ɿ˿λһʡίǵĹӣһǸʡŮƽʱ˾żڹ˾ṩһЩԴİָ߼ֻͣ¶Ҫȡнѵģõǹ˾ĸɹɣȷֺ졣
ڽʡڲλȷʵһŶߵﶼûзƵ·ӣҲǽĿ˵ϰߣǶɣҲûжٵ˼
飬Ѿ쵼ѾС¶ˣλҵ׵Իȥ𣬿ڳ˻Ǯʲôõѡ񣿡ҲһˣȻ֪Щʵǿиɣùϵ۸˵ʱһѺ֣ǰµʱ̾Ͳݰˡ
ҶʵϹ£ȻǰҶǱʡݵһСгˣһʡССɲȻǵ۾档
˵ʡǵĵ̶ս˱ˣ
ϵ飬Լˡһ˰һڵüͷʵ٣һܹ漰˶ʽ𣿡
⣬Ҳ˶ǳĵһ⡣
˵ǷծʽߵĻ˾͸ˣǺüծѹĹ˾չĹɶҲⲻһС֣˶ȸһ㣬ɻʵҵǷ˶ծ
ҽй˾ĲԱѾˣҪ⳥ʧܹһǧҡɼȻټ˿ᣬ鵱ȻѾˣʱ֣Ҳһ
ѹ˼һĵǰծˣϧ룬ʵǿסˣô߶ȵǷѹһƬҵ
ʵɻʵҵĻԷͰǸϷͥˡ
ȻôˣһӣǸոĥŮӣҲ¶𾪵顣
ǶӴһʽȷʵѾǿģ붼ʼעʱҪǮʵǲףҵͨı֧֡
ڽʡ棬ǹȻ˵һԺҸԣվȫֵǰ棬Ǿʲôˡ
һǧ򰡡˵λʮҵˣҲѩѸӵ̻Ҹ棬̲סֱˣȻô࣬˵⼸ʵû׬ʲôǮ
˾ݴȻƷԣΪռгߵǵͼĲԣȻѸռг̯ˣûʱ䣬ӯһ㣬ǲǷڶĿɽ͵λķֺ죬ҿһֶû٣ʱˡ
һ㣬˵ûʲô˵⼸λÿÿɻʵҵ쵽ķֺ죬ǧٵļһֶûٹ
ôŮĲɵЩʵ˵˾ľӪ𣿿ǰ˵ƺеʲծ⾿ô¶أ
ͬдɵģŮģҵ涼ɵľӪ˼ػɡ
Ȼ˵ɻʵҵʡһָ˽󣬶ҹģҲϴʱ˺ܶ࣬ôһƨɵǷܲƾղİɣСӻ˼ʱ䣬ͶôԴ;ѵ͸ôһծ۵ҵ
ʲôĽͣҶɵӣֻڵ֪ǰɻʵҵһ̯ӣĽծϵĻ˳͹ˣʣʲôˣȫȫһտҵ
ѵ˵ɼӪĳɹ
뵽˲ɵİҡͷԼѡˣƺǴˡ


1119 ֮·
ʵҲûдôۡɿϵĻɱ飬ҲǷǳĲˬ
Щһƽʱһݶɹɣ²˵ˣеʱ滨ƵǷծĹ˾򵥣ɸɵöˣûʲôо
ֻǵ˹˾Σʱ̣ǾȻԼľӪǾɸеˣѵÿ쵽ķֺ죬ԼƽʱĻ׬
Ȼͬүү˵Щ˸ͲµĲϣǻһ޷ҲǼҴյȨƣΪ˾ķչṩһЩѣҪǲ뵽˾ľӪҵͿˡ
ŬЩͷѹȥɶ˽͵ҵծӪʵǷǳձʵɻʵҵʵҪ͸ծʣҲʲô¶Աָӯķչģʽ
һǧǷծôģŮĺܲطʵ
ĵ⣬ӴծԼ᲻Ӱ쵽ǵͷϣҪЩɶóһǮ滹ծˡ
ʵϣҲǴɶǵ뷨ϾԵĶû˭Ը³
ծҲ˵ˣΪгռʸĴۡɽ͵Ҫ֪ǵгռʣѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ壬ڹڣͬƷУгϺʵϴ󡣡
ʲôأгռվģֲǮ˵ףҵǿġʡ
ҵ׬ǮôɶǾûǮãڵ£ǲòһǧʽ𣬳ǱǷҵѾתȥˡ
ҵˣҷֲǮһ⣬ϵһ⣬ڽʡڣ˭֪ɻʵҵЩ˸ģ
ɻʵҵˣǵ޹⣬ܾ˵Ц
ǰľ棬Ҷ÷ǳĲˡ
гռȻǮʱԱǮɼЩô಻壬Ҳɵҡҡͷ
ŶгռҲܱǮ⻰ô˵ģ̾˸Ȥˡ
ԭܼ򵥣гռʣǾܹƶҵˣɻش
У
Ȼ֣˵Ȥʱˡ
ΪʡڵĶǣǶֲİҲǳȤ
Ƕԣҵеһ㺬壬ζĹɷݿԱʵʵڵǮҪ棬ÿŷֺˣɻǵһȻӣʱԴгϽ֡
յĹɷԼɻʵҵĹģһɻʵҵܹɹУܹõĻرǷǳɹ۵ġ
Ϣ֮ϵıʱ࣬ɵ÷׷ѯеϸ⾿εȵȡ
飬ʵѾﻮáɼ˶ķӦ࣬ҲЦǸղһģ治ɵúݺݵؽǱһӣȻ˵¶ѾòˣһҵУصĹƣٵģҲܻˡ
ô
ɵĻ֮Ů۾ɵþ
ɵ˵Ĺɷݣ˵Ҳֵڣ˵ҪΪʡڵĵһǵưǰʱСǡ
˽У²ô׵顣ʮλüͷ˵ǲеһԸˣ֪ʡڻûҪͨĹؽڣʵ̫ˣð찡
ǰȻòڹڵЩͬˣ˽ĴҲʼһ˽УѾᵽճ֮ϡⷽ滹¹ģ٩٩̸֪ͬ־ڽڻϾƵĽ飬йطҲ飬ɻʵҵΪʡ˽ͷⷽзǳơ
˽ڹ񾭼еĵλ⣬һֱһȽѴĽɣǰʱ򣬴Ҷ̸ܶغ⣬ͬˡ
ԴӴȷгõλ֮˽ķչõ֧֣ڼ˽ҲԽԽ࣬˽ķչҲһǧ˱Ƚϻ𱬵ıڡ
£ڵ֤ȯгһЩ˽󿪷ţҲ֮е顣
ͬ˵ģ¶ǺϷģʵͲˡ
ǽʡ߶ûʲôԵõʡĴ֧֣ϾͲ˵ˣ֪ܲǷֽ֧ʡ˽أ
Ҫ֪ҪʵĹҲǳ࣬ŶҲҪһʱεġ
ĿǰǺԵġⷽкܶоҲȽԾͽĶҽ˽ҲһӣܶӲùٲά裬ԲɷƸĸ飬ǸȥһǱ䲻˵ģǾʽ⡣ԭԲ¶֮ҵķչôҵ沢û̫⡣
ͷʵ˵û
ӹ㷽棬ֻҪǽµҵƣҳɹУȡһʽ֮ԼˣҵΣǶԼչĽ˵ûоΡ
ϾгãѾúһжܿˣúãǾӪõӦгˣǲ˽гûагɰ¶Լġ
۽ķչΣֻҪҵУǾζѾȦǮ
ȦǮ֮ΪҵҪʲֵĹ߶ԣ߶ͨһЩнԼӦõĲָŪΪҲֱ׳˵Ϊ˽ҵȫʱг
Ҳ˽ڵĹУҲûе˵
Ƕ˽УյĺôȻôܹ࣬ģҲҵ֮ǰУ̵һЩô
ôж٣ǾҪ˽Լеľж
˵Ǳؾ֮·˵ĻǰڵͶ룬ǰϹˡ˽͵
ʵϣڴ֮ǰѾͨԼĹϵһֱɻʵҵе飬ѾüĿֻһŶѡ
ͻȻ˶ɽбծ飬εое˺ܴ谭
Ĳ˵ҶҵӰܲԥɻʵҵе飬ڵѹ
Ͼôһҿп޵˽ܲУڹԲʲô¶ҪΪ飬еҶңǿɾ˲õĴ¶ˡ
ҶүӺҶƽΪǣǼܲסи׶ҶУһŭ֮£ʲôǿǷʤ
ȻˣǾֻбˮһսˡʮλ̾¶˾ģ˵ҿʼҹϵͨ·ӣֻҪɻʵҵܹ˳УһǧǷǶǣʲô¶


1120 ־
ɵ֮Ľʹ־ȽɽǱ߶˵Ҫ£Ҳʵһ档
Ƕ໨һǮҲҪܵȡʱ䡣˵ΪȡУǲò񱨱̫ѿĻǲؿڣҲô׾ܹùȥġ
˷׷׵ͷӦǣ֪˵û
ɻʵҵгɹôЩջģԲֻǮƣ֮ĺпܾй˾ͷζڳǵǰ϶Ҳһʶ飬Ͷʵӡ
¶ʤܰ
Ҷ취ɣؼʱ򣬳ȥˣλҵң岻ȥĻҪʧû׼óԹ˾λŰɣڿɲ͵ˣʱ򡣡ʮλˣĻȺ˵УǺһЩӰģϾʡίĸǣȨصöࡣ
ȻЩ˵УҲһЩϱλߣǴ󲿷ֶѾڹٳϵӰ϶ǴǰνعٲֹܣοѾ˵Ĺ٣ëķȻҲǷˣȴ϶ôˡ
Ǿôһ֮󣬴ҵ뷨ȷʵͳһˣ׼һ飬ǾǹĵɻʵҵУֻˣҲǮ
ò˵ȺǵĻԱֵ֮󣬰ЧʻǼߵġ
ʱҶͽӵ˺ü绰ǹϵ˴ģѯǶɽиɻʵҵ֮顣
Ȼˣܹ˵ϻģݶͬһ㣬ҲиίݵʵȨǸҶҹϵ֡
ˣҶȻһ£ٲø˼ҽеϵһ£˵ЩǷծôģ֮ǰԷȡʲô̬ȵȵȣԼϣҶǷǳᶨģ飬ͬ־ҲרŵԷ̬ȷǳᣬ¶˾ģһҪǳͷ
Ҷǰѳ󻰸˵ǰͷˣν֮Ԥ˼˵ûоǣҪٲʶȤӲҪΪԷͷĻôҶȻͻᷭˡ
ʵϣ⼸λҲòظҶһѣҶǴͷԵˣȻ֪Щܲ;ͲͣĻûгԵһɧζǾͲˡ
Ǳ߶Ҳѵ绰˹ѯʴ¡
ô˰ѹϵеǱ߶ˣҶӵ極ĵ绰֮ȻǷǳȵġ
ӽеҲǧˣȴ֪ɻʵҵô極ģ
ҶӡУƺɻʵҵ֮䣬Ҳûʲôֱӵҵ
ǰһӣ߶һʯ⣬Ǹɻʵҵģеҵǵһҵ˻صҵܣҪһܲṩ˾͸һ㱨һ¡楽͵ŲǺ飬Ծһ
ŶӰҶ˵ͷȻ˵ʵҲûʲôһտӹ˾˲Ƿ˴ڶɣѾųˣҪúõʰǣЩסˡ
ǷڶࣿһʱҲЩȡ
ɻʵҵ˽ҵֵֵܹڶ˵ôǷôһǮأ
ı󣬿϶кܶ಻Ϊ֪Ļ
ȽϸӣҲŹע飬֮ǰмίԶҲ̸ΪɻʵҵʵǽʡһЩɲǣƵһߡ楣ҶȻûʲôģ˽Ϊ漰ܻȽ϶࣬ϣǲȡ˱ȽصźӶʡǷжҴӶɽ߶ûƾֵĿӡ
Ȼ¶ǿ鷳ˡһʱеǳȣû뵽ôһƼ򵥵鱳󣬾ȻѾ漰߲ϵĽ
һ飬ǽʡúҵУҲڴ̰Ϊ൱һַݶɻʵҵˣҪ˵û͵ĻһͲˡҶֶ˵һ䡣
ҶĻ֮̾ˣҪô˵ĻһܹṩһЩõϢ
ŶʲôϢҶһʱȤ
ϸɻʵҵ֮䣬ҵΪṩú̿Ӧã۸ҲǳŻݣҪȴӺӶʡֱҪ㡣楶Ҷ˵ԣǸ֮Ҳǩ˳ڹĶͬͬļֵӦʮϵġ
ΪϵеĻϻأµĶҵ񣬶Ǽ˱ܵģԶú̿ʯսʵҪһֱȽϸߣԼЩҲǳӡ
Ϊˣ˵ɻʵҵһЩ֮楲ŻӦ˵Դ绰Ҷ֤ˣôʱЩ飿
Ҷ極Ļ֮̾ʲô˼
ɻʵҵԼȻǴú̿ɻ߷ҵģôеĳԴͷǳˣֻǴӱתƹġ
ǸݳƶϣеĻļ۸񣬿϶ҪеĻ۸ߵö࣬ΪкܶӪɱڣ߻иӵȵȣɻʵҵú̿ԴȻЩˡ
зΪɻʵҵľӪУ϶벻ʡһЩ˵֧֣䵱ϴǮĹߣҲʡڵĺܶú̿ݶȷʵѾɻʵҵ޳ߣұˡҶͶ˵ǩôĺͬӣͷδؾܹõ֣ҵҪʡôϣ
ˣպͬ߶ѾӦԤһڸɻʵҵ楶Ҷ˵һ
ʮڵĴ󵥣ǩ֮󣬿϶ҪȡһʽΪԤġ
ڻϻضԣǲȱǮⷽ濨òôΨһҪ󣬾ɻʵҵ뼰ʱҪ֤ꡣ
ȻˣɻʵҵǱ߶Ҳûеģ楶Ҷ˵Ǳ߶ʡĵȻʲô˻޷֣ǵʱĳ˲ӣҲҲ˳еΡ
һڵԤҶ֮ĥһ¾Ͷ˵ͲżǮˣŰɣһѶȣźÿǱЩˣʲô
¶ǹ˾ء֮󣬶ʱЦ
Ҷ飬ʵǻͬģϾ֪ɻʵҵĵϸ֮ɻʵҵܲܳŹһεĹؿڣҲлɡ
ǾʹǹһڣȻ˾Ϊԭưˣ߶ʧͺܴˣ楾ҶĽ飬һ־ɻʵҵһǵ׻ʲôķӦ
ߣҶԣΪʽѹ⣬æг¶
ܽΣ楾ֻҪܹҶæôҲֵˡ


1121 ƽ
ʲôϵԤ޷ʣյϢʱɻʵҵ̾ʹ
ν©ƫҹ꣬ծ黹ûи㶨ȴû뵽ֳ飬ȷʵĲɻʵҵʽ˷ǳص⡣
ʵϣҶĸѹ֮£ҲǺܵģҪ飬޷ǾϣͨĹϵʱծһƣֻҪǰζѹʱ䣬ȵҵɹУô̻ǮͨƱûծȨȵȣʲô¶
һеĹ˾ͺǱһֻ½𵰵ĹûԼʹʱڵծͲʲôˡ
ȴѰһ׶Ρ
Ȼ˵˾ЩɶǣѾԱȥҹϵȥˣô飬ҪιܲŵЩǣ˵Ҳ׼ǧҵʽŸö
һĿҪάҵתĻܹεģҲǻϻؼһԪԤˡ
û뵽ͻȻӵôһ˵ĻϢ
ϵԤȻڶ޷ˣ
ôһ൱Ǹʽ˺ݺݵһЩ׽⣬Ӧˡ
ôӣЩץòŮѯʵ
ϲŸոշĴ棬ͨ顣Ů鱻ɵɫŵòᣬȻƽʱĴϻ飬ǹʱ򣬿˿и
ҿ˵
ָ̫ѨȻǱϢˡ
ܿ죬ŮͰѴ˹͵ɵǰ
һѽ˹ȥȻϸȻԻϲŵĴϣȷرʾʱڣһԪԤ޷֧
˵ɣҲ÷ǳ֣˵ǲһԻϻصĲչм飬Թ˾ĺܶڶѾͣǴ֧ȫ
Ҫʲôʱ򣬲ܰԤɿ֮󣬶ʱҲû˾ؿɳϣԼһӣеʱ˲ãϵ鶼ķҵģûһֵø˵顣
ǵĲűʾ˵Ļ˵Ҳһ֮ˡŮСػش
Ҫȵһ֮󣿣ɼֱҪˡ
Ҫǵȵһ֮Ļʲô鶼ˣǸʱõһڣҲֻծ¿һ·ߣʲôУʲôȦǮ붼롣
ԷĴϣȷʵô˵ģҲ绰ǵĲȷϣõĴ𰸲ûʲô롣ŮЩĵػش
ôô̲סվڰ칫ȥӶֱۣѵô˾Ҳ𣿣
ŮʱЩԼϰ壬Ҫ˵ǲʲôģɻʵҵⷽģҪȱǿ̫ˡ
ΪϰĴˣŮ˾һЩ飬Щù顣
һʼݴɻʵҵߵ©̹ͨƵģʡһЩ쵼ǣǰҹ˾ǱȨΪǮֹߣס
ϰҲͷԣŸЩ˰¶ĻᣬҲڶʱ֮׳Լҵǳ˶ɽǱ߶ծ飬ɻʵҵѾй˾ˣɴܹõҲԲһǰ
ϧǣǼתֱ£ôҸеЩ㷲ˣϾ˾ĺܶ飬Υȵߺߣһ׷ҪεΡ
ɷйһ֮ͨ侲
ʵҲ󺰴޼£µָûһôҪôӦӵľ棬ԼԽ취Уָ˳ǲʵʵġ
ȻɺѽµҲȻϻǱ߶ѾʽĴôԤƳ֧飬Ѿ嶤ܸˡ
鵱УҲ˵ûһΣϾǱ߶ļȻҲУǶڴҵļ飬һ㶼׾Ӷ࣬Ƕڻϻľ޴ҵʽʳɷڵҵǷǳ
ƫƫʱͻȻ˼飬ܲɸеɡ
ֻǶԷĲʵ̫һЩɻɹ黳ɣȴҲû뵽¶ȻҶΪ˼ǣС
ϾҲ˵òĹϵʵڲʲô¶⻪ϻأͬԼĸҵһ㣬ʹָԹò¸ļˣʲô׼Ҫ
ǵĺͬ棬ûԤ֧ʱ䣬һҪ𣿡侲֮󣬻ҪӺͬҳһȡûϷ棬ЩһԪԤ
Ǯܹʱ˵ĻɻʵҵٵѣȷʵԽѹ塣
Ҳ˵ǼɻֻǮڹɶǣͻͷǿƲõĻ˵ǳȥҹϵˣƻعͷҪŸּҵɢˡ
ڹ£ɶ⼸λǵ·ʵ˽ⲻ
˵ͬǵȻģǹѾͽ췽ҹ̷ˡ
ͬ棬ûк˵Ҹողغֶ֧ͬʱҪûкȷرעֻᵽʱ֧⼸ۡŮְܾɽ͵ʵϣڻĳ˾ԣɻʵҵû˿ƣȻҲûںͬϸǽĿԣϰ壬Ӻͬݣ޼µġ
ɵ˵ͷʵŮ˵Ļʵ顣
ɻʵҵ۸С˾Ƿծһɻʵҵڻĳ˾ǰҲǴزԵȵĵλҪȡȽĵλҲǲܵ顣
ú̿Ӧ˵ɻʵҵɵĻȻкܶĹ˾ȥɣϾһʺܴ⣬˴ߡ
ǵɻʵҵرԹӦͼúĻôʵ⣬ֲǡ
ûбİ취ˣֻȥҶ̸̸Ƿܹͨһˡɿһӣ;ԼѾûб·ӿˡ
ȻôĻ൱ҶˣҶʡĴҲѾû취УȡõҶ½⣬ΪһЩ
ǵϻжʽ𣿡ԼŮѯʵ
ϵʽ𣬲аǧӡŮڹ˾ļҵ׶ǱȽģſھ˵˳ǧ׼֧Ϲ˾Ļģܹõģʵֻǧҡ
ɵ΢һ£̾˾Ǯ׼ãֻаǮܹɹѹذ
ţֶŮ˵ҲһҶϵʽҪֱӸԻ


1122 
ҶϵʽѲ顣
ΪɽегֻҪҵɽе죬ȻԴóҶĵ绰ֻ绰ǰ칫绰ѣҪϵˣǾҪ˽ֻ롣
ɵ˵ǱȽϴģͨһۣȻǰҶ˽ֻ㵽ˡ
˵Ҷӵɴĵ绰ʱ򣬻ǸеЩȵģʶĺȫûκεӡ
ҶгãǽʡɻʵҵĶ³ɡɵ̬ȵǱȽ϶һԱţΨҶ˵ʶֱӾ͹ĵ绰
ɣӦòʶɡҶĻش𣬹Ȼô
ˣɵһ£Ȼû뵽ҶֱӾ䵭Դ
Ҫ֪⼸꣬ڹҴչõĹϵǰײ㵱бΪʿũ̡֮ĩְҵҲʼû
ν̲⻰ı˵ûͨҵϽûа취Ծ޷ϺϸԣҪ֪ڹŴʱ򣬴ҵĻ򶼺СкܶһӶһСׯ棬ȥسǶѣ˵ҪǲԶġ
˵λǱȽϵµģԲŻᱻΪ֮ĩ֮ǵ͵ȹĽҪһΡ
ȻǸʱҪũΪйء
Щ˵ĵλҲ䣬ոոĸ￪ŵʱһѣη粨䣬ҲһЩ˳˿ͷʱ䲢ڣгñȷˣֳ˺Ҫһڡ
ںܶطԱΪԼϽڵľøʵ飬ʵǷǳԵģзṩĴҲǳźһʱڵĴߣɵֻҪҴҾ͸ҷſĳ̶ȣ󻹲Ҳûйϵ͵һ˰ˡ
֮ǰĳɼѾֳˣ˵ʧڸĸʷǰĹУһҲǿԽܵģѧҪһѧѵġ
Ϊˣ˵ĵλȻҲЩ˵ƢطԱôģǵϣһ̵ı־
ҶгܲʶңⲻҪؼ⣬ɻʵҵɽеļҵ֮䣬һЩϵľףϣҶгܹʡһ˶һծ⡣ɲûбҶоգԼڵʱǾԲٺ¶ˣͺܿҶ롣
ʡȷҪȥ𣿡Ҷ֮󣬹Ȼֳһ˿
ǵģҶгɺܳϿҵڵ绰н͵֮ǰɻʵҵмҵ֮ľþףʵ϶һЩСɵģҵҲûд˵뷨ԽᣬҪҶгӲһ¹һҵӪԱ㻥˽⣬ծ׸˳ˣ֪ҶгΣǷܹһ
ɵĻ˼Ǿ˵ծʵǴ¶ֻҪҶгϹӣôǿ϶ҪǮģôöûн˵⣬ҶгһΣͳ״ˣ˵ʲôأ
ֻ˵ҶгĹͻͨǿ˸޷赲ԶԷҵҶгĸ£ʹؾͰծˡ
Ҫ鴫˳ȥĻ϶ǻҶ;ĵУһŨŨģɾͲţҶ룬⣿
Ҫ֪һʳԪծ⣬Ƿ۹ڸҵҲġ
ⲻܹɽǱ߶ѹҲǺܴģͲҶг᲻ͷۣ
ĻȻҶڵ绰гһ£ʹӦҾ찲г̰ɡ
Ҷгʱ˰ĺ֪ͨǣɻʵҵðŽӴˣԱ֮ꡣΨҶ˿ڣͺܼеزһ
ԣǾӰɡҶ˵ͷӦ
˵绰֮ڷһ׮£ֻҪҶܹʡУôԼ߶ĥӲݣҲҪѹһӵġ
ֻҪܹɻʵҵеĻڵ⣬˵ʲôˣֻҪǮЩֻǷַӶѡ
ôɻʵҵҪȥЦʵ
ǰǱ߶ĶɻʵҵѹǺܴġҶͷشһڵԤɻʵҵľǮˣǮ޷ʱȥ׽⣬Ӧˡ
޼ƿʩ£ֻȿǸ㶨ҶгˡЦϧǣϺҶг֮ĹϵΪֻһ¼ء
ʡͽʡȻֻһ֮಻Զɻʵҵǰ֮䲢ûʲôҵ֮Ҳǽڲɵģɶڻϵ˽Ҳ࣬ȻͲʵҶˡ
˵ˣڵô࣬ҲǲȻûһˣܹ˽дĶ̬Ҫ˵ҶڽʡʱȻڵúǶҵȴû̫ӰֱϽ֮Ҳͨ޴ҵûгಲ֪֮ͬϵˣһǸ߲Щǡ
Ȼˣ֮û룬ҪΪ߶ĴϣȷؽļˣȻû뵽Ҷһ绰ܹòǱ߶ϣ¶ȷʵѾΧ
˵ɶҶСˣĸоУҵ֮飬ҶгܽͣѾǺܲӦˣҪΪٶԼĹϵʲôôأ
ôڣѵʲôô𣿡楶飬ҲЩģȻ˵ҶʱãҲǿƿҶһʲԶڶ˹ӴƸǶҶһЩ뷨楻Щ²͸
ǽһծ׵Ļ楿ֱϷԺˣʱǿִУǰɻʵҵˣҲûծ򵥵·ӡ
ǿҶڵڣˣҪʲôأ
оɻʵҵȫʲծҶ΢һ£Ͷ楽͵ǴҵĻǻܹӯģһ󲿷ʽĿԾת˽˵Сһ·ծĻǮ϶ҪֵģпǰеʽתƵҪ֪ڽʡĻоһġ
ˣ˵ͷҶ˵ʵ
ɻʵҵȷʵкܶʵǿĹɶǶڽʡֵӰԲСҵпܾһȨǮн飬ԴҶĽǶҪһݵؽ⣬ͱһǳļƻѶԷǮˣ׳
ڵķӦҶֶЧˣѾסˣҶǰʡп칤ʵϾһֱò
һҪ򿪽ʡĹ̹Ծֻ֣һʱ⡣


1123 ˼
濼ǵģȻǴ¡ҶĽ֮Ҳɵøпһ
Ȼ˵ѾǳҵܣӰվǾǵأѾǳ񣬵ǶҶСѵĸоȻǷǳӵġ
ҶĴѾ֪䵽ʲôزˣȻҲڵķ档
һòŵĻ˵楾ȥڵһʡݣֻҪϢųȥˣҲʡʡȥӭӵģӴȥˡ
׷Դ֪Լڵľ棬ʵҶΪ˲İš
Ҷδ޳СȻҲԪѫ̳֮ϵ˲ţҪڹӰԶԶϲеĻϵġ
ΨһеЩȱģǲҶԣ¶Ҳ楸еЩᣬֻǴڶԼҵҪȻͨô磬ΪҪĴˡ
Ǵ²ѽᵽͷҶҲɵԼĶǣ楱ԹûпΪϵһЩӰ߽ǳһЩƫ͵˲ĳ֡
ʲôЩʵҶƺЩͷʹǾߵ󣬰ԴԼǰȻָѹ̫Ѩذ
極Ķᣬʮ㣬ڵһǰĦҶ̫ѨͬʱҲļͷѨλ򼷻ѹ򰴻һ׶֮󣬹ȻҶеˬҲࡣ
ָĺܲ˭ѧģҶɵÿ佱һ䡣
ѹƽʱѽĦʲôģҵѧһЩʱˣԼҲ֪һˡ楻شȻʵղ˵ˣ
ţĻ⡣ҶͽŸղŵĻ˵ʵһ²⡣
ŶôϸˣЦʵָҶͷදţѾپͷ˳Ĳͼ羱λãǿʼ쵽Ҷĺ󱳼ļҪѨλϡ
⼸λã඼кǿҵĴ̼ãҽ۵УԵøҪǾ˵ҪѨ
ҪϸߣȷʵѾصӰ쵽֮ȶˡҶ˵ʵڵĴ½ܶǵһᾭÿʼٷչͬʱ²ĽˣǱ쳣һЩͳĻ˵γɵŵȵȣ˰ʯһǮĿںУұΨͼֶΡ
ôһ˵еˣ˵ͷ
Ŀǰڵĵ⣬ҪҵͨУ
ȻҲԭģһǹδƲ˲δ¸ڣҵľǷҵеľȽһЩûбƵյĵزȻȥɥĲˣֶΡ
һ棬ҲΪͳҵԴԶƽ׺ͳŲۣ͸ڴͳ˵ľӪ֮У˵ӰȻԶء
ڹŴʱ򣬶˵ԼҪһЩʽĹ˵̡顢ѪԵϵʵ֣˼塱˼ҵƽ׵ԭڻָͨŹŴҵ
Ҳ˵ƷиеڸǰҪǷȫṫڵĵ׼ϣǾǲ֮ǲȡġ
ڣڹȥʮƽٵӰ죬ǹȥжڴͳĻƻ嵱ͷĿʼܻڹӪռλʱ򣬿黹һЩɵȷгãҶ˷ӵĻ֮󣬼ͱԽԽˡ
Ҷ֮ԸпΪʮ֮Ὺʼ˵»µĽ׶Σͷ⾫¥ࡢ˵˲ҷ˻շѡЮʬҪ۵ȵȱ־ŵ»µ¼ŷ˵ûȱ£ֻиȱҲΪ
ԭ򣬶ʮľѲϵ
ҶǾǸʱڵģԼˣȻڵʱĿһ
˵ԹԵǧʡ塢ǡţû뵽˺ΪĿľٹףʱҵʳƷȫҽưȫȫȶ¼ȴһѰУ˴Ŀĵ˿ڡ
ҶǵãòʷزǷеµѪҺ̶ʹ⡰»¡Ѿ˺εصĵز
ֲµ¼ڶʱڵܼ޷жһǲѾΣյʱ
׷󻯳Ϊʶг£˵ĵı
ǰµļֵڣ
˵ɥǷչеıȻۣôҶҲֻϣǶݵģϾĻĵߡɵĵ߾̧ͷʱܿ
ȻˣĻУȻѧվһѾΪص⡣
ĳЩ˵УֻҪûռİٷ֮ʮһôȻ覵ĺᡣҶЩεض˵
ô˵ıһ˰ٷ֮ʮһأһ䣬Ҷ鲢ǺܺãԾ͹ⶺôһ䡣
ٷ֮ʮһ𣿡ҶĻشҲˬ죬Ҳ򵥣ֻҪѺ˺ͻ˵ĶԵһ£һоַǳˡ
⻰˵ģǺǣǡ楱ҶĻŪ
ôҶ˵ܹҵܶȤġ
Ӱ˼Σ΢֪ҲŻŵҵº֣һȻΪ˽ɽеҵǷ⣬һҲΪɱӺҵһҶ˵ҵ׬Ǯ쾭壬ǳ˵µߣȥһЩɥĲ飬ǾͲˡˣäĿݽǮ£鲻ΪܣΪٵĻǾǺصˣ޷⡣
޷𣿡Щɵʵ
Ȼ˵ҲĲҵǴǺõģҶĻƺе죬ˡ
ġҶͷһĳᵱԽԽʱ򣬴ҾϰΪˣɲҲΪģôһĵµ߾ͻһٽһգήذȥʱ㻹ָܹıһ𣿡
ˣɵ˼ȷʵͬҶԣ˶ϰһеʱ򣬸ûܹŤת棬Ƶ¹һµ
ҪôĻǸ۾ʵ̫ˡ
е˼ˣȷʵ죬ʮθУ쵼úְܳŶЦŶҶ˵Ȼ˵Ц⣬̬֮ȷʵǳ֣أ˿ûЦҶ˼ڡ
ġҶشԿ˼Ȼ٣ܻܲجج¶ĻֺαشأҿڴǮ㹻ȫعϺüˡ


1124 Ӫҵ
ʵҶ˵飬ȽϸȤǷŵҵ棬ʲôأǺҪҶʲôġ
ڻϻصĹģѾԽԽڹڵӰҲԽԽ楽ʱյĵλͺҪƶһЩĻ治ʲô¶
ϸ˵ϻѾΪ˽һ꣬極һһҲҵȦǿʾá
Ѿȫ˴˰ɣҶȻʵ
ţǵġһͷͷ϶һ㡣
ʵϣȫ˴棬ϣܹһȽҪķ֧ĸίԱ楿ǵεĸԣԼԼҪڻϻ߶ִ֣ʵϾԾڿһ֮롣
ǴһҲܹóϻصӰȷʵѾܴˣѾ׳Ҫø߲Ӳӵĵز
ȻѾȫ˴ˣôվһЩ飬ҲȽϺʡҶ°ͣʼ
楿Ҷ˼ҲЩ棬֪Ҷһ֣ƶʶĽ
»µ⣬˽Ĳ࣬ǶһЩı仯ǺģڵȨӵǵȦ棬ȫͰѵµ߸ˣַȫӡ
˵ҶⷽʶҪһЩ
ʵϣҶ÷չٶȵĲµߵĿ½֮䱾ûʲôֱӵĹϵ֮Ի⣬ֻԴĸʱڶ˼롢̵̡ȵĹкͷ񶨣˵˼Ļͳȫơ
ȻĸˣǳǾôЩ֮󣬵ܵĸ˼붾ǣʼ̨ǰأõʱЩ˼˷չռ䡣
ѸٷչõĽӿУҲһΣûмʱʷĻʹǵ˼ʶԶԶھ÷չٶȡ
ʷĻͳ⣬Ըĸ￪ź󣬹ǿ¸Լڲֵط̼ҽթΪƹ㣬ΪܣΪ٣طĴڣʹаܸԭյ´ͳֵĶҡ
⣬ŴҵΧСƷ̶Ƚϵͣ󲿷˶ԸˣŴҵ﷢ģظף˫˴˶ǳϤ
ִᣬǶҵ̶ȴҵķΧҲǳ㷺ҵ״Ƿİ֮䣬˴˶ǺϤֻһν׾ͽˡҲ˵»µҪԭ
Ҳɵ»µһҪԭĿǰڵĺܶ淶Լ϶ƶ᳹ʵʩģٷڸ˵ιĴ󻷾£Ǻˡ
ϾˮͲ˵ģұƹˤ뷨㲻ܰôֲܸһëƤС¶⡣
ϸ˵ʵΪǹҵרвйձڵ󡣡Ҷһ߶ţһ߶˵ţʵһսǰձڶսҲֵֹ»ʱڣҲйðαӲƷɵ󡣵Ź淶ȷʮͽõˡǷ΢ŽȻܷβܣϾһİܻˣʰѶˡ
뷨ģʵ
ҵ뷨ǳţһĳˣҪԳҵ͸ãͬʱҪԲŵҵ͸ͨЧȡҶ˵Ȼˣһ˵飬ҽ㷢ȻʵͿˣԷȥڴ棬һҪѺùؿڣȡõͰܹڣô޿ָժ
˽⡣ˣͷӦ
İţԣʵǻݶѵ顣
Ҷ뷨һҪΥĲΪУͬʱҲҪעڵ½£һЧĻƣҪע¸淶¸ͬʱǿµߵҪԣԴӰǵȷ¹ۡ
ʵҲִ֪ҵǺỷصġҶ˵Ա̰۸ܳɷ硢Աĵˮ׼£Ҳܶ˹󣬱ϾԱøǿӰҲ󡣡
極˵ͷ˵ûǻôӣеʱڸط򽻵ҲֵΪϰҪ˵Сҵ͸廧ˣұһ᰸ġ
Ȼǵ˴楾ʹʵڵ飬ɲԸһֵֻĴ˴ǲĵطǵ᰸ȨǴḳģ˭Ҳܲ᰸
Щλᣬ֣겻᰸ʵϲһֲεı֣ҲǶƶȵ£Ĵ棬ʵһƶϵĳ衣
ҶҲǻʹȻϾƶԵĲ㣬ʱ֮޷ֲģֻؽ
˵飬ҶǱȽӵģԣҪ˵ĵ⣬ҪȨԼԱǿΪ͸ȡǿýȨʵϹɣˮƽĸ֮
ΪǱӰ޴кҪһ㣬Ϊִйڵطԭִȵȴܵơ
ҶãҪƵĵɥ¼ȱڽȫзɡԼ淶ĻϣӴִȡ
⣬Ӧеϵ
Ӱƣȡ֮еⶼϻˣеġǳؼһȷļֵ۵⣬ȷʵȱһϵ
ڽϣڼĹʣ¹ͬк͹ʶ£һûоΡ
ʹӽʡеɻʵҵɻʵҵǸʲô˵صļܲŲ֪飿ְ
ҵǷծڲܹŴҪмƭǮͺˣ˵طӰ֮⣬ͬʱй̹ڣĻɻʵҵԲߵģ
Ҷ̸˺ܾãӪҵ˵飬ֽöֽУȰѼӸ˵ɻʵҵų䵱˵ĵʯˡ
»Ҫһʾһ´ڸеġ
ʵڲŸоίȨǵһЩܹʱЩˣҪôҶ̲ס楷˾ɧ
ǺӶʡծ⣬Ƕɽеծ⣬׻η⣬ʡǱ߶ĹԱûڰ֧ɻʵҵĻ¶ͽˣﻹõҶ˷ѾĻȥ
ϣ˳ܹ֮ⷽ澡һɡδǰҲֻôһõѡ


1125 ӭ
ʡл
ʮһ㲻ʱһʮֿۡϵȺ½˹ͣ档
̫Ǻ㣬ϵƶҲܺأż͸Ʋķ϶һʱ˾Щ泩
ڴʱɫȻǱȽ
߶ѾۼһЩˡ
ԶȥЩ˶ŭȲûһ棬ʮ˵УλŮӣĶ¹ڳĴүǶ
ֻЩ˶һͬǾᣬҲᳬʮӡ
ӽйĺ࣬ûе˵ˡ
㲥еʾ֮˶Щ飬е
ܳû¶ô磬ȵķ
ӡУɻûһ׼
ôŵģҪӿͣ
ǽӿͣӭӿˣԼɻ˲ɣ
һȺЦţƺҲûаӴ񿴵öô¡ء
ЩˣǸɻʵҵ˾еĹɶǣһˮĹٻӵܣʡУӰЩˡ
߾ЩǣῴЩˣǵĵβûм棬ʵǵؽһ䣬ʵӰЩܹõĹϵδؾͻȾЩǲֺ
;ٸ˵ɣЩҪ鷳ǹ졢ҲãҲãפװǶΪԼãΪѹ˵Ǿб£Ҳһ㡣
ǣҶģ͵žְһΪһпھװ
ˣϺͳͻ̶ϣȻҪСĵؽƵģĻһСģͺ׻ǣ塣
˵ǵǵҪԶСڵطϵЩٶǡ
Щ쵼ӵǣ˵޷ĸݣҲ˿Ϊ
˳˵ǰڵط˵ִɱȨеˣڵԴ棬Ҫȸ߼һɶˣûôĳ⡣
гˣһκҪˡλʮ˿ǻЩ˲ǰһЩ
֣ôĵعӭӣǲеˣһСгһСһЩӣЩΪȻ˵
㶮ʲôʮĵؼг㷭ȫǸһ˺һ˼ҿǴͷӶС
ôţƣСһЩˣʱЩ
ʮĵؼгȷʵδŵ˵ĸףЩ˵ӵУȨƵˣҲǸʡѣ֮Ҷؼег߳һѡ
֮࣬ʵǲܹһݣǲʮꡣ
뵽飬˶ʱ֮ģ˵λ׶гʲô·أ
˵ˣһĴҲôȻչ˼ӵܣʮгʵе̫ˡ
Ȼ˵𣿡ŮӣǶϢǳġ
Ҫ˵Ǽ˵ͣҲֻжʮ꣬СǸոնʮһ꣬ûʽˣʱȦ滹ôһλгɵö˼˼
Ҫܹ˸λʮгǰ;ν޿Լ̫̫Ҳͬ⣬ҪĽٹѰ
Ȼģ˼ѾδˡȻλģҲʡί¸ǵĹӣ˵سһλҲ֮е뵱Ȼ쵼ߡ
Щ˵УҪ˵̵ĲȻΪڣ˵ʵ˽⣬ԼԹٳİȴλȻ¹ӵλɣһӭҶ˵УԳȻͷġ
˵ӦԹӭҶɣΪүү岻ʣʱϻؼ̽ȥˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷ߶ͬǳҪɺүүĽ⣬ܹȦȥĸΪΪΣǷֵúģԾпܻῪҶҲòȻؼȥ̽һүүȻ
ҲӭҶ˵ķأֵЩ˻ǳ鷳⽻ȻȫȨ£ϾЩ˵УҲǳȻ¶׶
Ȼ˳ȻĻ֮ŮӶʱ¶ʧɫ׷׸п˵ҶôСͣôδˣ̫Ӧˡ
㵱˼Щӵ˰Ȼʵǿ⼸λСģǰµӣ˶ܴһˣ˼;ģȻעⷽӰ˵ˣ˼ҵδҲһ
ʵȻҶʵҲǺ˽⣬ӳ¸Ȼ˵ҶǺǵǾɲ꣬û˵ôͨ͸
ϾҶĸǰ˿Ȼøϸ˵ϵһ⡣
ǲô˵ӳ¸Ȼǵ֪һЩҶϢǾţƣǳţƣʡĸǶǲǻ˵ʲôĻ
Ҷһ˵ľͱ죬ʱʱڣһɻʵҵ㲻ҪҵķƴƵġۿźͣˣȻ⽻һ䡣
֪ˣ¹ӡػشЩȻҲһɻʵҵ鷳ȴҲˣСӣڹ۶ϵҡ
һȻԣɻʵҵе飬Ϊ߶¶ˣ˵ԼҲ޲óԼơ
ϾһɻʵҵɹеĻ⼸˵УɷٵҲܻ㻨ǮǺεϲĴ飿
˰ѺǸ˵ҲšȻÿѾͨ˳æԸ
ǳԼʮ֮⣬мʮҲţ̶ʮ׳ĺɫдšһӭҶгݰָȵеŻеľдҶֵֽӣϵÿǻζš
ƣǰ˸ʮ㣬ٲ˼ˣҲ˵˼Ĳܵϸ¡
ĸҶгأ
һӦǸǳˡ
⻹˵ѽŶʮгһǿ󡣡
Ůߴߴţ۾ȴһڶÿ͵Ѱš
Ϊгôһι϶Ҳǰӵļƣѱÿ͵Ķ飬ҲûзǸִ
ȺУȴǿһλѧһӢˣе˹ֵעǣûЯκε
˧𣿡
ۣǲǣ˧
ϲ
ȻԱ߶Ůӵۣɵ÷˸۶˵Ƕų۲ˣ˼Ҷʲôݣ߶ûŮ
ע⿴ӭ߹һۣͷֶԷǳ߹ġ
ѵλҶɽег𣿳Ȼеġ


1126 ͷ
Ҷ·ɻʱ߶ģֻ塣
ľ˾ʾˣ˺棬֮Ķ
Ҷ¶;ͬǰȻʵҪȴҲΪ̫׳¶ıòΪ֮
һεĺ࣬ʵе
Ϊ֧߷ɻԷɻ󣬶һ·ϵķйЩмνϴԱƺսԱڿ˼ؼЧ͵·;УüλÿͶܲסڣһ
һ֣ҵȻܲˣҶҲܹ⡣
ϾһʡĿҲôģһҪ˳Ƿ˦ѹڶɽмҵϵķչһ滹ҪмίԶǰ¶Ӳ潫ʡŪͨɻʵҵһٽ̰Ա¡
˵ⶼӦòĵ飬ԶǱ߶Ҫ֪ͲǼίĸɲˡ
ֻΪԶǶֺ֧ܶ࣬Ҳ̬ͬȣҲܹ˺ӾͲţܹæĵطȻ޶˵
ʡ߶飬ҲһĨڣˮж⵹һѶȵ
߶ˣɻʵҵкḺ́ҵɾҶ򿪽ʡٳ̰㡣
ֻҪǽɻʵҵˣôȻӭж⡣
ҶҪ飬˵Ҳܼ򵥣Ǹɻʵҵı󾿾ǣЩ쵼ɲһ㣬˵飬Ȼмίĸɲ֣Ҫķ
ȻˣҪĿ꣬Ҳô׵ģϾǿͳս߶ûʲô̵ΪԮ
ضԶҶͷɵգɵ÷һп
ʡҶϲ֣˵ˬʲôͣոյְµҶеǳɵ˫ü
ڴſڵһɲǼ䣬Ȼһ⴩Ʋ㣬γһѤõĹֱشϣ˽ȥ
ףҶʱһ㶣̧ͷеı仯û뵽߶ǹ죬磬ѵǸʲôԤ𣿡
ô˵ı仯Ҷеϲõġ
еʱҶҲȽЩȻı仯ν˽Уб䣬ҲӦı仯һνʡ֮УӦԤʾϺõġ
飬ҶɫͱñȽˣҫ£Եøߴ˧⣬ȫһɱ󲿷Ůľ
̫˧ˣ
ŮӶѾˣǴ˿̿ûĸҶг۾ȫҶ֮е
ǶҶΧһΣ磬һôĿԵɢ߲ʵɫ
òϣȻγɵļӳЧҪ̨ϵˮɵǿ̫ˡ
ӻӭĳȻ龰ʱҲһ¡
ܿͷӦˣȻеĽʺޣӦʲô飬ǱȽġ
Ҷֱֱ˹Ȼô²λ˾ҪӭӵĿꣿ
ǳȻʹӶ߳˼ӭҶѯʵҶг𣿡
ҶҶ˵ͷָָǼӵûпĻӦңǶɽлһҶгͬһɻ
ҶгȻΪȻˣʱЦŹάɻʵҵĹɶǰӭҶгҶгһ·ˡ
Ȼ׼ǳȻ˿Ҷ˵ʱ򣬻Ǳһ£ʵ̫ˡ
ԼҶôʱ򣬻ѧУӰɣ
û뵽˼ʱ򣬶Ѿĸɲˣ˺֮䣬Ȼûа취ȵġ
ųȻҶͷ˶ʱҲΧŮ˻Ҷ˻Ūͦʽģ͸쵼˳ȥһ
ҶȻǹծģ˼ô飬׻λòҲûоܾ׻£Ȼ˳˦˸źˡ
ͱһ׻ЩЦظҶĺ棬˵ҶгȻǴﰡǵ˴δĽʡôһֺӦꡣ
Щվڴſ˵ų˺ܶÿפۿģǿǸ߸߾ĺɫԭһλгˡ
˵Ҳе棬ϾǽʡʡǣʡغҲǰʡݣȽϴελҲȽϸߣʡίһеʱ򻹻ίԱΡ
һĽʡίһֲίԱҲǵصصʡУίǶǸĸʡɲ
ֵطһСг֮͵ô¡صӭӰɣ
˵ˣΪһڹٳϻñȽϳĸɲʱҲԸ⽫ųֵ̫ˣϾһӰ⣬պλ쵼ɲˣвϲôλг;ҲͿ쵽ͷˡ
˵ĸоӭʵе˵˼ͷ
λˡҶӦ䡣
ȻҲ۶ĺҲֵ֪طҪ˵ûеŹ֣ҲǲܵģϾͲȱʲôģⳡ棬û׼м֮ͽ
ֻվϣСڵ˿壬ϾֻϵͳӰ˿ɼһСС֣Ķ縡һ㡣
ɻʵҵЩ˵Ҷл΢ʵģ뵽ԼҪ飬Ҷʱ˸Ǽһ嵥ɡ
¶һλ쵼ˡ
ʡһλũҵ̵ȹĶƽʡպùݣ⵱оͿɵЩ
Ѱ˼һ£ƺʡʮгУûҶģ뵽εĺǴӽǱ߶ģλҶгӦʡɲҲû˵ʲô
ֻ˵ݾͿˣ͸˼Ǳ߶ķ⾰󣬾ЩĽ˵ǵٵķⰡŶӭġ
Ȼû˵Ļ֮ͺˣ㿴˼ǸųǸг㶼ʡˣҲûô
Ҫ󣬳Ҫ򻯳ӭֹģ˹ƲǽʡĸɲԲŲɻҪǱί˿ˣٲһ鷳ƽʡȻƽϤ˶ܹʡȻЩˡ
һǽʡĸɲٲöʡҪóϹٵͷݺݵһ
Ǳ߶Ȼ鵹ǲΪóҶгԼӭӻǱȽģҲ΢΢¶Цݡ
һͷȻ


1127 ٽӭ
űŮΧڵеҶȻ˵Լȷġ
νŮ䣬ɻۣҶгţƣҲǶʮͷˣ֮֬Ҳ硣
ȻܿͿҶľǣһ˰λȻǴűװһܹóһΣյϢ
⼸˲ǡȻ棬̾͸ıǩ
ֻǳȻҲе棬ҶһؼегҲδؾôıڰɣͿǵʣԼĹǺ
λҶгҲʲô֮š
ȻȻҶ˼ֲ²⣬ж϶Ҫ飬ûʲôӰ죬ʵϣҶǸ̰ٵĻȻͷĶˡ
ɻʵҵծ⣬ʼҪģȻܹѻծһƣ˾߶ѹСˣֻҪ˾УһͶ·תƼգҲҪ
ô˵ɻʵҵǷڶ࣬һӸȥĻ˾ģҲ޴̸Ҷ߶ܹȱڵĻǸǧܹӸһصģҲ㹻ǽеˡ
ԣʱ򣬶ҶСķУźˣڽ̸УΪɻʵҵȡõĽ
λҶȻһ£Ϳѯʵ
ɻʵҵĶ³һҶҲΪɿ˵ҪҶгӲɻʵҵĹ˳Ƿˡ
ǰӭҶˣôҲɴӲУһ˾ܳȻҶеЩˡ
ȻˣЩǳȻĲ²⣬ҶӦûмӭӣЩˡ
¶Ҳ֮еģȻȾͲµ˻ķӦͶҶ͵ʱЩ飬үүЩŸϻȥˣ߶飬ʱһ£ȵҶг֮ȻϻеͻȻҶг½⡣
ǸТӡҶص˵ͷ
ɵĵϸҶҲ㹻˽⣬֪ʲô·λүȻ󲿷ʱ䶼ǸǰɻģҲǱصͳսΪ˻ǱȽϿ׶ġ
ֻڴ󲿷ֵӢ۶ԣͷҲܻлĻһ죬Ҳ޲ӲТ
ҶгϳɣȥɻʵҵľƵס˵ǰ˾磬һҶгӷϴȻҶ˵
ȻҶ߶ʮˣǳȻǹĽγʮ񳵣ȻܹŵЩˡ
ҶһͣԱ߶ĳǱ۾ֿϣֵֶ񳵣ҲǱȽǿӭݣɻʵҵ߶İŻǱȽĵģȻˣҲųһôų
ڵҵһַǳõķǾǲҵľӪΣӹҪʮģƺ˾ûм棬˾ûʵһ
ɻʵҵĹ˾ȫǿǷծ֧ģȻⷽΪһЩҲҶԤ֮С
ֻ֪֪Ҷȴûдɻʵҵ߶Լֹ⣬˰ֵˣΪְԱҲԼĹ涨ͲǷİˡ
ǰţȻˣʱЩ⣬˵ѵҪסõ겻ɣ
ʲô¶Ǹ֮ǰİЩ
ȻҶסԼ߶ôܶ鰲ͱȽϷˣҲһٸǿ顣
ڿҶƺ׼ͬǵİš
Ȼһת̾⣬˵ǲӦĻǻ߶ǰʮأг⳵ãʱҿǻʲô
һݹȥ˴˹ķԸȻȥˡ
ڳȻҶǳʡ߶Ӧûʲô˰¶ģҲֻԼ߶Ųŷ㡣
ǳȻּһ£ŮַȰҶ
ĲˣҲгӵģ룬Իμӣ飬ͲǷˡҶ̬ȷʵǳġ
Щ飬Ҷпǡ
һĵطҶ϶ŶԷֹһס޵⣬п鷳
Ĳ˵ƵǷ͵豸豸߰һЩķȵȣЩҪעģҶڵ쵼ɲȻôҸطס
ȻȰһӣҶʼղɿڣҲûƢˣֻĥţʱûгҪ뿪ɣ
ôһ룬ҲһЩЦ뷨
Ҷгαؾǧ֮أСǸŮ˾ҶֱۣԼزȥģ
λȻСŮľȴǳḻǳȻϲŮɫģҲǾԶ֮ʵǲԸմǣϾһԣרĳ¹ӣеӦ
ۿŮȥҶȻЩֻı顣
Ů˵ıҲһЩģĸһֱڽʡίְǸȽȨĲ쵼ĸɲ˭ȴеˣĸԼҲ㲻
ڳȻŮ˵ɣҲǻʹȻֲԼ
ĲˣǵֹͰźˣǵĳӦþ͵˰ɣҶ˿ԶҲеƶ
ҶĿ֮ʣͿԶ̳ȻһӸ˹
ӰôųȻˣɵЩԾ˵ҶһڽʡҲеϵġ
ڴ֮ǰǻҶ߶Ϥڿȫӣô֮ǰһЩţҲҪӦĵС
ȵӽǰҲſˣЩǹžյĳ
ĳ
û뵽Ҷг߶йϵ
˵ıȻЩ⣬˼زأû뵽˼ҵĹϵھ߶ЩСˣֲ˼ܹҪְȻͬһ㡣
Ȼ˶ЩȣϾĹϵطЩңһ㲻ǲһ𣬼ЩҲС֮ϵ
ڴ棬һǲطϵľģ˵ǷһЩӰϴ¼淢ˣŻֽǳһֵĻʡǱһ췭ظˡ
ȵ֮󣬸óȻǵһص۾
λոµľװֻϿŵǿŽǣ
Ȼһλٽ
ʡ߶𲢲ߣܹٽεģֻо˾ί˶ѣֻǶھ鲢Ϥ֪λ˾ί
λӭҶ˵涼һʺš
ʵ̫ˣس˵ԤڣˣҶҲʵ̫ˡ


1128 Ĺϵ
ʮϿǵľǴӳжʮʿȫװվ߶״Ūֳٴһ㡣
ȺǼˣʱˣȻǶֳе
ٽ³֮󣬿ûпȻǣֱӾߵҶǰ
Ҷͬ־ٽҶѯһ䡣
ҶҶ˿϶ĻشʵҲʶǰλٽ
еʵ̫ˣҵϽǵҲǧ֮࣬ҶȻϵУǼھӰҲǳ˿ɼǾϽҲûȫҪ˵нٽˡ
ʡ߶ǰܵҶӽϽƵģˣҶһιֱӾǸʡϵģʡõطϸ׶ʲôġ
Ҷͬ־ãǽʡίʽٽȷ󣬾סҶ֣ҡ¡
ԭίǴˡҶԣ̱ʾ˸л
ɾ˾ȥˣ֮ǰ⽻ҽӴҶͬ־һСʽίЦŶҶ˵˵Ҷˡ
ֻǾʡĻҸľĵطסû뵽ίԹˣʵǲ֮Ҷʾ
ʵϣȻ˲ҶһݣǶʽľҪԱ˵оֵ쵼мλֱЩʲô˵ΣЩ飬ǻǺģʽίŻ˵Ҳˡ
ˣһ˵Ҷӽһعϵڣһ˵Ҷоٽֳݣǰ뾯иλҲϹϵ
ֻҶʡȻ÷¶Ҫ͵һЩԲŻ⣬̸飬Ļطϴѹʵ̫ˣıǲġ
Ҷı⣬һιʵʾһԼöԷ˼ɣȴ˽ԷŵϾһεҪĿģΪ߳ɻʵҵ⣬ǣһЩԱ
һԷҶͷȫǲôͿýȫͬı仯һӰǮˣҶ£Ͳôˡ
ίҶ䣬˴˽һ߶ˡ
Ǹ֡ҶתȥվԱ߶Щ岻ϻĳȻ˵ȥίǱ߶һӣе˵˵ʱȻȥ硣
õģȻίҶг¶Ҫ˵ǾξƵ繧ˡȻȻʽЩִٵĸоϾʡίǵĹӣʶĳҲܶ࣬˵ίʱ䣬һ͹ɣ
ˣҾǱ߶顣ʽӦȻǣûʲôȤ
ұ˴˶ǻһ߶ģȻûʲô飬˵ˣعȻһֱǾطϵĹϵ̫ˣҲʲô¶׳ġ
ίر֣ȻԸȻǶнǾ͵ܾ˶Է롣
ʵ϶ڳȻԣʽ룬Ҳǿһѡ
ʽҪĸҶһȥĻǻӰ쵽ȻһЩţϾ̸Ƿ黹飬ʵڲеڳĻܶ໰Ͳ˵ˡ
˫Լʱ䡢ص㣬Ȼʾ˳ǰʡǱ߶ţʡõʱҶҲԷľƵꡣ
飬ҶûоܾϾǶ߶ȷʵϤ
Ҷʡĳһ̶뿪֮󣬳ȻͶ˵߰ɣҲȥ
һ˶еֵˡ˺ǲֹװ׵ڻɵվһСʱ˶ûнӻ
ǰô˳ѵ˵ĹϵھɣҲ˻ɵ
ˣˡȻ飬ҲеǣȻȥʲô飬ҲҪ߶Ϲ˵ʡ˶Ϊʲôء
ڵףҶʡˣ϶ЩϵģĻٽεʡίԴӭ
ǳȻҲе֣˵˽˹ϵȷ˵ҶʽӵܣôʽҲھôĵعӭǴűװһ㹻ˣҪڳô
ѵ˵ҶֵʽôмӲɣ
Ȼ룬վǾûʲôͷԾͲȥ룬ֻŻȥ֮󣬰ź룬ȻҶķӦ¡
ųȻķԸһںο˻Żɵ˹ȥ
ΪñȽϷغʡݵʡУ߶ǱȽϷģǹвĸֺҲ˿ȱ
ʡӪãʵǱȽϷģغ⼸ֵʡеУҲȽʡǰʱ򣬾ж෢ԵȻֺ͵ºܶ˲ܹڼ﷢չòȥʡ⡣
ʱˣʡγȽӴ壬ĸ￪֮Щ彥ػΪۺʱʼҵҵȡ˺ܲķչ
ɺͳȻǵɻʵҵ˾ȻǵصصİҵӪҵڵصӰǱȽϴģȻˣĿģЩɵĺӣʡǵĽͷϣХ
ƺеϰǣϰ龰ѾϰΪ
ͷĽЩԴƵĺ飬ҲѡӶţϾЩǵͷ̫ˣҲǵ󹤷ѣ˵ˣҪǵĻû׼ͷĲˣͷùֻԼЩС
ȻǻصƵʱ򣬾ͼѾ糾͵ظ˹
ȻûнӵˣɲɵЩԾôˣûнӵ𣿻Ƿɻˣ
ˣʡ˰˽ˡȻ飬ҲеջǾͰѵʱΣɽһ飬Ҳ֪ίʲôϵصģ֪ڸʲôã
ǲˡˣҲе棬ҡҡͷȲˣֻһЩ˽˹ϵˡȻҶӦ縰磬ôʲô⣬ȵʱ˵Ҳ١
Ȼ˵ͷʾɵͬġ
ҶıΣֻҪϹ̸飬ôлͬݻ飬˵ʲôɻʵҵ˵ûʲôʵϵӰ졣
ֽƵṩĲ׿һ飬òûʲô⣬ҶʲôûгԹأαʲôģ治ϡ
˵ʵ͹ʲôİɣɶԾƵľ˵ҰζʲôãɽײǻмҲó˰ɡ
Ƶ꾭ͷӦƵʵɵ˿ģϰ巢ˣȻҪȫհ죬˵͹ʲôģǲȱֻ⴩ɽף治ˣҲʲô¶ԼûУıҾƵ꣬Ҳܹȳһġ
ҼƯҪ崿һġȻһֲһһιĶˣѪյģ¶Ǳ밲źõġ
ɵͷʾͬдҶģԭװġ


1129 Ƚϸ
Ҷʽľ֮󣬾ĳӾﳤȥ
ʵҶ棬ҲеЩ֣˵ԼʽƽԷҲٽʡί˵Լһ绰ӭУ϶ʲôŵġ
Ȼ˵ԼҲһٽȴܹ֣֪Ҳࡣ
ǿʽı֣ѾĹߵ齻Щ⽻õ˼棬ѵ˵νġˣ
ֻʽû˵ԭҶҲöʣĻǳһЩ鷳˼ģҶĲ²ⲢһĻɾˡ
ҶתһĳͿ˳Żߵĵ·࣬Ǹߴľ񣬴ʱʱڣľʢïܣȥǳĿ
ڴϾиߵĳϵشǵ߶Хȥ
ʡ⼸ľ÷չͷǮԽԽˡƺǲµҶЩʲôʽһԶ˵ǰ꣬зĽͨ¹ʣͱȥ֪ͬ࣬˽˳ж١
ģŹھó£˽ҳһ顣ҶǹˣȻ֪ķչ˳ʽĻͷ˵ôչȥĻʮͨӵ˽ǳ࣬ʮ֮󣬴󲿷ּͥӵԼĽγһͥӵжಿγ
ôʽȻ˼пǶҶ˵еƲ㣬ü֮̾¶Щŵ顣
˵ʽˣʱĴ󲿷ˣҶжϡ
Ȼ˵ʮ߶ʮʱ䣬Ըıܶණڹھ÷չٶƺҪﵽҶ˵Ŀ꣬кܴѶȡ
˵ģǴͨ˵Ĺʱ׼һӵĴҲγģϾһɣɶҪʮǮͨͨ˵ĹʣÿֻԪ
࣬ʵ̫һЩʽܾԲ
ġҶ˵ͷ϶رʾʮʱ䣬Ըıܶ飬ί㲻һ£ոոĸ￪ŵʱ򣬺ǵȣжĲࣿ
ǺǣҪ˵Ļ仯ȷʵǺܴ󰡡ʽЦԼ°ͣƺ˻䵱У뵱꣬žҲûм쵼ʹãôǽʡĹóкܶˣһǽڳǰǲģ˵棬仯͸ˡ
ûվ÷չļٹÿʮ궼һ౶Σʮ֮ͻһȻͬı֣γͨͥϡ¶һձ󡣡Ҷ˵
ʽҶĻ֮󣬲ɵ˼֮С
Ϊʡίʽ󲿷ֵעھӽ跽棬ǵطϵҲܲȥӴһĥҶĻ̾һ뷨Ҷͬ־Ԥ⣬ڵҵ뾮׶Σôģֻĸҵأ
Ǹ֣ܵÿ죬ȫʲôҶЦŷʵ
ͣʽӲ̾ЦŻش
˵ҶҲеµʽ˼ˣĥŸõҵأһʱ֮仹ûѡʵͶʷ򣬴ʱҶʼƣȻ֪Ҷⷽм֣ϳŶר㾭ýݡ
ȻдԨԴʽȻΪҶⷽ棬Ȼг˲۹ġ
ҶҲЦ˵ͷʾʽµû
ʵͣڳгҲǳ𱬡ҶھͶ˵˼䣬ⷽģʱڣͿԻǳ˵ĲƸȻˣҪܹ쳵͸ˣǰӵԼ֪ʶȨר
ʽпһžһϯʤʮ顣ԥţĻ˾ˡ
ʲô飬ίôͷۣҶЩʵ
һЩҵ⡣ʽ͵ԭι˼վҪ˳ЩطϵľӪĿ
˵ȻָȻӡҶͷʾԼ˵顣
ʵϣǰһӲӾ̵ǳձ飬Ҳеץһץ⣬ǾһòӴӵطӪ˳һǲϣ굽Ǯ۶棬ӰսһҲΪ˲
ĻԲӵǿںܶ϶ѹˣӰҵƽڷչȥĻҪġ
Ҳʲô¶ҶܺʽΪʲôҪϡ
ô¶ʽ͵ļվӪһ㣬Уǲ࣬Ǽ߰ɣʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ôǶھԣ˼ļվڸ˵һ׬ͷģʽֶûʲô˵˾ļվתõ֮󣬾˼⼸վԼӪ
˲֪ߵغ񣬸ոձҵ˾;Լµһˡʽ˵ֶ뷨Ǽ涼ȽϷԣͶе̫󣬶ҷҲܸߣһĻҪֶû˻ᣬǾͿˡ
ʽֶ˼ȴܼᶨһֱĥʽҪ¶ŪʽԼҲͷۣӦֶӵĻһӪϳ⣬ʲծʱȫ˶Թġ
鵹ǿġҶ¶ûʲôܸɵģȻǾȻҪӼվгˣô϶˽ֵģ˵˭ֲһ
վӮǿԱ֤ģ㲻Ҫڸضвٵ˽˼վǹⷽʼջ̨һ淶ķȡһֲϷļվļվԺϡȱԴҶʽ͵ԣֶҪֵĻ϶׬飬߹꣬ԭʮʮߵļ۸ȥҲҪġ
ʽˣеͦ˵ģ˵Ļ߻ЩȷҶʲôݣ˵ĻϾ÷չˣͱʾ˸л
Ҷͬ־һιΪɻʵҵɣʽȻͶҶ˵ղڻǼСӣг¸ǵĺӣмʡ쵼ӵܣɻʵҵŵġ
ǰɻʵҵǷǶɽеҵڶʽһιΪ˽ģҪסϼСҶͷһ㡣
飬ǲýġʽҡҡͷҶЩɻؿԼƲ¶ûʲôϵ߶פȻҲ˵һЩ飬ɻʵҵıʡĹϵʵ̫һЩ
ŶҶ˵ͷ˵Ȼʽί˵ɻʵҵ֪ǸʡĹϵУô¶϶Ǵ˵ģҲѹ˵ɻʵҵ鲻ýˡ
ɻʵҵڽʡҲȽϸӡʽ˵һ


1130 Ե
ŶҶˣһ
ʽ˵ôһ֮󣬾ͳĬȻǲ϶˵ʲô
ô˵ǾĸɲطϵĽӴУǲܶ࣬ҲԸ͵Щطϵ¶ȥ
ϾһԱȽСΧȻЩԼһСӪǲԸ飬ͬҲ˲ǵ顣
ʽҶҲǵһμ棬Ȼ˸ղ̸̸վ飬ҶָԽ򣬻ǳڳϣ˾оԱʽ˵̫顣
˵ˣ֮Ĺϵھ˵ʲôʡʵеǳĸоˡ
ҶҲת߶ķ飬оչһЩȽ˼ľ񹲽ȵȡ
ʡԺһζ룬Ƕʮӣ·ͨǷǳݣȥҲͦģҽʡ߶Ľͨ״¡
ҶڳϹ۲һ£;ԭҲܼ򵥣еĹ·󲿷ֶ½ڹ滮ñȽϴ˫˳Ϊȷʵ׶³ڵȫܹᲢۡ
˾Ȼû˵̬Ͼֻáᡱݣһ·ֱײðæһ½ͨ˿ԹԣףǳͷǰŵǿӱȽˡ
ҶΪûʲôر뷨ʵϣȨǷ񿴵ùߣȷʵǴڵģҿںܳһζʱڣ޷ıġ
ңҶҲȨٲ֮һ
ֹһӣӾʡԺſͣ
˾ȣڱһίʽ棬̾ˣӷ˽
ԺķΧܹ㣬߶ǰ칫סһ廯Ľṹǰⲿǰ칫ĺܴһƬռ䶼סصĸɲǣ϶ס߶ƽʱҲ֡
ӽ¥㶼ߣߵҲĲ¥ĽѣһһСһĽȻˣ˵ǱеˣϾûôݻ
ʵСĽܣҲԤ˳λá
ֻڴ󲿷˻Լĳ˵λľ϶רŵĳ𱣹ܵģҲҪŵԼԴ˶Լҵĳ˲ֿ⣬һЩ߰ĶŽȥ
ʽֱӽҶ˸˰칫Լİ칫һӣ˵ҶԱȥ˾дá
Ҷͬ־д߶ĻǲģмС¥߶ıͬģѾڳее⼸죬סˡʽҶ֮þԱ˲ˮȻ͸ǰֹ
дЩС¥ղҶ·Ѿˣʽһ
ֹС¥϶ϼ쵼Ӳ칤ʱ򣬲ŻסһӣԸӲʩǷǳ걸ģ֮ʡǵǼƵ꣬ҪһЩֻڷԱ䱸ϣѷɫ
Ҫô˵ˣϾд߶ķԱŮɫŮһ˿ܲķ
ϰĹŵĶԱһ̨ĿһֺֺǰɡʽҶ˵
Ͳ˰ɡҶЦŻؾˣֲ쵼Ӳ죬αʦڡ
˵Ҷͬ־ҲٽΣһǼоֵ쵼µطǾӲ칤ӦðһݳġʽǺǵЦ˵ϷĹǱ߶̨ӣοݳǾ͵ǽ軨׷ˣҲǺ鷳Ҫ֪սʿҲǱȽģƽʱûʲôֻʱ˵ġ
Ȼίô˵ҵǲƴˣʡսʿ治ʹ죬ǿɲǺ¶飬ǿп޵ģҶҲʮּ֣˳ƾʹӦ
ʵϣҶûдӦ˼ݳҲڱеģΪҶԸ⣬ôȡ
ʽԣսʿȱҵĵúܣ׶Σӷ沢ûչģѧпƼĻʱ޷Ǿ֣ȥ°ʲôģܹʱȷʵࡣ
սʿ϶ʮ߰ҵСӣҪû¶Ļǳ鷳ģԲӻᾭչһЩΪ˽ĺɶɷй
ʱȻǿչһЩջһŪôҴʱ䡣
ҲвٵսʿľӪ֮󣬾ͱöŶˣǺƽʱڵľĵص㡣
˵ǲһ¯⻰Ҳ˿ûĿʯȥʱһøˡ
ʱʽҶ鷿˾ͽ鷿˵
Ҷͬ־ǰҶܳĸųҶܳһ·չˣ˽ĵλ˵ҶˡʽûˣŶҶ͵Ҷܳ˵ҪҰӦһµʱҾͿʼʡ߶΢һܣԱĹ
ԭҶĴҶӽóʱʽµθųֻʽͨҲûйϵȻһֱûлúΣҶӽһҶӽǸ˲ţһεڵλϡ
ʽȻϲ˵滹ǺģһҲҶӽĵϵԾӣ˼ıҪЧҶӽ֪֮
ڵٽδ߻ռģҪǷöѡ
ҶִƾίҶӽǲıܳʽǰ;Ƿǳġ
һҶʡҶӽʹкסڽʡ߶Ҫǵȴİȫ⣬ϾҶڽʡ߶Ӱһ㣬ʡίҲûмĲھƸӵ£СĽͺбҪˡ
ԭˣô˵ĻҵùˡҶеԵɣб㰲˺ܶࡣ
ʽȻǴҶӽˣôԼ߶ȷʵǿԷˡ
ɾ˾߶ϵˣƽʱҲһЩͬĵطλ˾ʡίίͬʱھҲԸȽǿƵҴѹСʽҶ˵һȥ˾ǣûһܵʱ䣬ǻزģԴСҶ
һ˵ڲ棬ƽʱճ棬Ӧί˵ھҵ棬˾ĻȨһЩˡ
˾ί֮䣬ҲһЩ򰵵ľϵǵλһϵʱ򣬾ͺ׶һ൱ʽĻƺλɾ˾һô򽻵
˾ĹӸǼλϵͬһ㡣ʽֶҶ˵һ䣬ʱҶеüͷ


1131 
ʡ⣬ȷʵҶ֮ǰҪһЩ
ΪýΪĵǶغص㷢չʡ֮һʡҲǸϵĸɲϲƽĵط֮һ
Ȼ˵ڸʱǰؽӽУһչУһǸĸͷĽУطҲЩ
йȻãٽ۵һж³Ǳ߶϶ԹȽϸӣҲ࣬Ҫһ㣬Ǽ𲻹ߡ
һĸɲȥҪΪ˿۽磬֪ʶǼ˵Ļȥûʲô˼ˣϾֻһʡжѡ
оͲͬˣ߶һλίԱĴУʡְλּܶ࣬λþ͸ˣһƽĺõطֻҪдһӣȥˣҲ߱һЩľ飬ȥɶˡ
Ȼطĸɲְ϶޵ģٽеĽʡھ÷չ̶ڶغʡпǰҽͨҲͳ˴˶εѡ֮һ
ôһ˽ʡϵԼС
ô˵ĻǸˡҶ̲סԼĶǣ˵ֲԶǲóȻжҪԼŴɻʵҵǷծĻᣬ̽һ̽·ӡ
ڿǷծ¼Ҳô׾ܽġ
Ͼ棬漰ʡڶλ쵼ɲŮǡ
νСģϵģһҶ֮󣬾ͺǣһ󴮶ĸɲǣЩ˷׷׷Ǹ翹׷ԼĿɽ棬Ա
ôĻһǷӣͺпܱɸӵζˣҪͶע;ȻǽȻͬġ
طϵȷʵǧͷ飬ͬ򵥡Ա߶ʽί˵ʡְʱж̣Ҳǲһʱ䣬ͷ˺ܶ⣬ֻҪȥĻȴָеأٲά裬ʵǾúܡ
ġҶˣ͵ͷͬǰҲӴⷽ飬֪֮ϵȷʵ׽һЩɲ;ٸˮϾǣ浽ʵ̫һЩ˵ֵջ󡣡
ʵӾ⣬Ҳһʷ⡣
Ϊĸ￪֮󣬾þҪĿľΪѹѣѹ˾֮󣬾ӵͱȽˣе׽ĸо
һ£͵óһеĽۣò־˻߾뾭̣Աƾ⡣
Ȼôһ㣬гԵĲӾͳͷ𽥺ӯ
߲һ취Լ֣ʳǺôͳԾͲȡ˷ε̬ȡ
ƶ֮涼ĴΪеľ͸ùģԽԽеղסˡ
ôΣֳܿˡ
ھҵԣӪ㣬о޴Ȩط̡˰棬ʲ䡢ӯһͿˣ漰ٲ˵ļȵ棬ҪĻȻֵѡΥԼϰ
Щ飬طʱȻ޼ƿʩģΪֿܴ»ܡܺͿͺͿΪ˭ûкôż¶Ҳǲ֮
Ҫһ㣬ֵͷܶٶھѵͷˣһ˼Ǯ۶棬ֱӵս½ѵɼ½
˸߲عעڲþӴҵӪ˳ȥ᰸Ϊ˴ӸϽЩìܵġ
ʡ߶Ǿ帺ЩģҲҪ֣Щȴ֣أô顣ʽ̾˿⼸죬Ϊͷء
Ҷ˵ͷʾܹ⡣
Щ飬Ҳ֪鲻ԣҪȥƶܹġֻΪԭ̫û㹻ľģû֧֣ġ
Ծ˳ҵӪͲôװ쵽ġ
ʵҶҲһЩʡ߶㵽ľӪĿû뵽໹ͦġ
ΡƵꡢزĵȵȣ㣬Ҷеģǻ˺üֹ˾
ʵҪֹ˾ġ̸⣬ʽҶ͵ȱľŮȱľձ涼Ǿϸѡ˲ţԼȥרҵԺУһ£֮󣬸Ķ˲š
⣬ҶǱȽϾھӰױȣⷽ˽Ҳܶࡣ
ǲĹ֮ģѡȡ˲ŶֱӴ׶԰СѧʼģʮͲξ˲űȱȽǣе˴ʮ꿪ʼ˾䣬˵٣;ͬҲǺ֡
νѡΣѡĿ϶˲ţЩ˳Ժ󣬻߲ʺҵˣҲܹ;ڲӷչԸĸڸԭ򣬶ŮСͲξյ·ֵ֧ģЩ̫ͥõġ
¶Ҳ٣ϾҲȫڵģȺ֮ﶼеġ
Ҳûзõ飬׵Ůӱ̣ˣŪðģǱȽټĸˡ
ԣͨ˶ԣձȷʵǸĳ·
ʽĽ֮ҶͶǽʡĲҵ˱Ƚϳֵ˽⣬ͶĿǰĴȽͬˡ
ӪĿͦḻġҶЦ˵
ǰҵҪҲΪѣϾ̫ˣ̫󡣡ʽͷ
ֲøղʽԼôأ滹ôһعϵڡ
Ҷ룬;ʽôҲǳ׼˻ᣬϾԼݷ˹ϵҶӽǱ߶ǿԼӷֵġ
ҶҲҪʽĿУõһЩʡ߶ϸ˾鷿棬һ߶Ȳ裬һ߶
ʡúǣһʽһ£ͶҶ˵
úǣǽʡһ֣Ҳǲ֮ǰŴĳʡݵιģ˽ʡˣ¹Ρ
˺кƢֶΡʽһ˵úǵļŵ㣬Ȼֲһֻˣʼտ͸˵ɣڽʡӶţһͷʡίƶȽ裬ҲûмѻȷʵȫҲ֪ôģ
λúǣҲţǸµҶһ䣬ȻͲ²Īѧϰ겻಻׼Ҫһɳ죬һˣ
ǺǣҲϣġʽЦŻش
ʽҲһ㣬ҪʡҲҪһЩʡƶɲĻھ߶Ҳ˳µƶ֮Ļʡһ˼ɣԵе֮ˡ
Ϊһ쵼ɲеʱΪ˸ɵ飬ǽʾ֭۰


1132 
ԣʽȻҡͷ˵
ʲôԣҶˣɵЩȣ˿ʽɫ;һ࣬ƺ뵽ʲôҪ顣
ʽһضҶ˵һ˵ĲǳׯҲ˵ġ
Ҷ˸۶ĵҵʱʲô¶أԭĥһ£ҲͷϵȷʵҼǴˣеʱûкúѧϰڷ֪ʶԶԶĵʶЦˡ
Ҽǵڡӡϡ棬£˵ׯݰ꣬ΪҲ˾ԻֹϷ֮겻ᣬɲȻΪԻ겻ᣬԳɲԹ޷ɣɱس죻ؾˡʽſھͽʵĳ˵˳ȻֶҶ˵ڴӵļĵԴ
ʽô˵ĻŪɣҶǰ˵Ͳ˼ˣȻΪ˸Ҷ¶ȷʵиݵģұŵġ
ίǺѧʣݵ䣬ȷʵܿɹ󡣡ҶҲ̲ס佱˼䣬ϾӾ֮˻ôѧģȷʵǺټġ
ҶʽѧЩȤǾίʲôѧУҵģ
һǵų֮쵼Ƽ£ȥѧ꣬Ȼŵõεġʽ˵ѧ˲ٶǳ
ʽ鵱УҶһ˿мȻҶӽЯĵġ
ȻˡҶͷ˵ʽ˵ȷʵܲĴҾˣһ˲ôҲô
ҶʽҲеϾĴ󻷾ѧϰղǺŨңһЩģѧߣʽڷѧϰģܹѧɵģȷʵࡣ
һһ㣬֪ԷˣָܹˣҲˣͱȽܿɹˣһϣҶʽ˵Բǿɽġ
ʡЩ쵼ǣʽϸҶһʲôãǸʲôţƽʱнͷβĴţϸϸظҶһͨ
ҶҲǽζϾһٳϵĴţʵҲǺȤģЩŵУкܴһʵǴʵݱģν޷粻ˣѨ磬δ
еʱڼͼ칤ҲЩɻģŴʱʷǶзȨȴİ참ȨɥʧˣںܶೡϵУ϶һֶĹߣͷȷʵܲá
ʧȥ˼ලԼֻʹƶеı׶޷ʱСɴձ޷ʰ
ں͹ȥǲܱȵġᵽʽҲһЩпȥǸʱзʲôģڵʱǺõģ⴫ҥԵ˺٣ʷǵķ࣬Ҳδؾܹ¹Ա򵹣ԱҲԱȨʵǱȽġھͲͬˣҪǸôɣίæܸҲܶ࣬˵ԩҴʲôľԽԽˡ
˵ǷЩˣڸսŵӣ١ҶҲһ㣬ĸȷʵ
ܣ֮άάʧ
һûԼȺ壬һû˵ߺ;ηȺ壬ȺǷǳµģΪʲô鶼ó
̸һӣһʱͿ쵽ʱˡ
ǺǣҪȥˣǻͷġҶһֱЦŶʽ˵
ɺͳȻµ磬ҶǴӦ˹ȥģʱҲӦöˣĻеĽͨ״ãҲ³ʱ֮Ҳ޷ʱϵġ
Ҳãȹȥ̽̽߶ϵ㣬Աˣÿݳʽ˵ͷҶ˵
Ҷ뿪˾ļճԼľһš
ȻɹһֱڴſںأʱҶ̾͸򵥵ش˸кȻǰͷ·һ·ɻʵҵľƵ꿪˹ȥ
쵼ί̸úͶڸʻλϣҶš
ţǼ顣Ҷ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵ղŸʽ̸ñȽ죬漰˺ݣҶûн̫࣬һǴԶǵеģ϶κ˽ʱˡ
ʽҶĸйۻǷǳģ̸²ȴֱȽڶгȤҲȽǳܹץģȷʵȽѵá
ɻʵҵ⣬֪Ƿ̸ܹñȽ˳һЩ뵽һι廹еĵġ
ϾȻһɻʵҵǹ̸ծģҶԷҲƣȷԷԼ߶޷ܵĻһε̸Ҳпܱѵġ
Ļû׼ԷͻҪǮûУҪһå̬ҪˣҶǾͱȽΪˡ
ɻʵҵʲծڵǷҪûͱʶֻл˶ɽеǷǲпܻеĻᡣ
ƫƫǺìܵģΪһɻʵҵóծĻûʲôҵܹ֧ǳɹС
ôһǻǵòʧ
ȥδӣҪھϣܹʲôķӦˡ
ȾƶѣһͲҪ̸ʲôʵԵˡһ㣬Ҷûʲôѹ˰ο͵ǳɷɣҴȥ佭ʡʤż߶кܶķԹ͵ġ
ˣɵЩĸо֪ҶΪʲôڳ̬
˵ɽ߶ǼڽǮջģϾôһʽһãͻᱻɻʵҵ˸յֻûܽķŵȥ
ǿҶ̬ȣƺ鷴ôҪˣһιĿģƺҲΪ˽ծ񾡿ջҶʲôϷأ
쵼ǺѲ£ȥҲ²ס岻ɵҡҡͷԲȥ̸飬ǿʼ۽ʡʲôĵطǷҪ⼸طһҲǲˡ
ǰúȣĳҲɡ
Ż˶ʮӵӣ˾ʹӾɻƵĴſڡ
ʱ򣬾ܹõɻʵҵЩˣؾھƵĴſڹʱ
ĵ̺һֱӴſڴһٶףݻɫӭСǣǴſ浽˴ȸĺɫۣ࣬ʮλĸഺŮӣĴȼͱ¶֮£Ƕ
ôųҶԼҲǳһû뵽ɻʵҵ߶ڳôû̶ӣ͸СԪ׼ĴҲ޼
Ҷ̤Ϻ̺һ˲䣬ӭ֣̾


1133 ﱣ
Ҷ̤Ϻ̺һ˲䣬ӭ֣̾
ʱҶŷֶ֣ӾڻɫĻ棬ʱڷſڵĸɫˡӭɡͼֶӺ˳ࡣ
ӣӦǲ߰ɣҶԵ˵
ǲߣһЩıࡣҲǰľһ˵ɻʵҵ±ǮôųӭҶг¶õԱԳ˰֮ࡣ
Ĳ˵ֻǰԼֶӵʲôģ͵ǮҪ˵ŵɺ̺Լרźﲻ֪ѾжõӭСǣҪĻȻҲһȽϿɹ۵֡
ҪһǣʱѾע⵽ӵ㣬ӦǾƵȽæµĽӴʱ䣬Էס޵ĿӦǼģɻƵλԽнͨĵشӦкܶ˵ġ
ټľƵƺֹͣ˶Ӵ˶жΪרӭҶһ׼
ɴ˶ɵʧıȽϴˡ
ҶľǣʱȴǸ߶ȽţĿѸٵΧɨԽ˶ӵĵطԽһЩ
ҶոƵǰ̨˼ͿȻ˿첽˹һλ˿ȥ˴ӵţЦݣһЩĸоӦþɻʵҵĶ³ɡ
Ȼļλмվк
ɻʵҵ³ɣӭҶгݹ٣ɹ˾ԣʤҡλԱţػӭҶ˵ĵ
ҶǺܴȵһֵһҹֻоǰ빫˽ðɣ̫˾ôĳʵеҶĳԾˣɲġ
ӦõģӦõġǿһЦҶгλȨأ緢̫ˣǲʵģ˵ȥ˵ȥ
ţɵ˾ͽҶһиӭ˾Ƶ֮С
ڶ¥ĴУڳ˵طٶƽ׵Ĺ棬վжʮλλųʦģһǾƵĽƴŲף߶š
룬һ˶תԲӦǶʮĸ˵λӣ޴ĲԲ̻תÿ˵λϣѱ˲;ߣ͵ȿ
˾ǲƴ֣Ĳ;߶ǴġҶֻɨһۣ͵Ц
ȻͬҶ˵Ӳ̵ƾߣеӿӵȫǴģڰ˶ˮҫ£ȥλεĺҫۣеĲڼҲŷ޽ڵˮƣֵǲơ
˵ΧӣҲǺľƣƤװȥͷǳ
епľķǣһˮ崿СŮͷ߲ĲֲݣͳһĵɫϸƳ£ǽβĽĺɫȹӡ
òĻЩŮӴܹ˷ңǼܲס˶࣬룬ôһĻȷʵ˲һ־޵о
ӶѡƺеҶָǷծǾͽ͵ǽʡ߶Ӵ˵Ļ϶࣬еʱ򣬲òװһ棬СǣɻƵǹ˾ԼĲҵЩͶҲǹ˾ĹʣһͶ룬ʹãǱȽϺġ
˵õҲʵ顣Ҷ֮󣬽۾˿ͷϸһˮƣȻڵµֹˮƣôһƵϰɣ
ҶгȷǰµˮơԱ߶ĳȻЦŽ͵µǱ߶йǵĳƲˣЩǷղɴͰǲֿˮƸһ֣ҾƵ갲װˮƣôģӼֵ㣬ʵǲûгԿ
ȻŵһλŮӾͲĲԿģµˮǱȹڵҪƯҲȽĴָСһΣҪöǮôһƲϰ治ˡ
˵ţŮӻԼְ˳ôҿһˮΣƺΪ˵ⶫȷʵȽϰȵȡ
Ҷ˵˵ͷЩһ鶼ȽϽţƺǵʲôһɵаЦڵķûõңծŵʱǷծ˻Щġ
ҲЩ֮ǰ飬ֻΪԵҶѣǻͨ˵ĻǾ;Բ⸱ˡ
ԳȻʡίǹӵݣԽծŵƨ
ɽеǷծһֱղҲЩ˵ݱ޹ϵ
˫׷׾֮һ֣гʦ˹
Ѳ˵ҶгĿʲôʵĵطɶԳʦԸ
ʦ̾ͰѲ˵Ҷ˹һԣȵصȵȡ
Ҷһ²˵ͼǵĲ˵ͼĲïרŸֽͭӡˢЧͼĲƷɫ׼һ㣬ȷʵǳˣһ˾һҳԱ߶ʦԼƷصȵȣǳ걸
ʱһҵԱƵܹݶϣȷʵеˡ
ҵ˻϶Ǳˣʺϵʳ౸ϼˣôͿˡҶǺ޵ˣҶԷ׼ʳǾ˾İŵģԴӿζûʲôɻĶҲûʲôСڿζ
ΨһҶеЩģǾƵ׼ļɫˣȫǹұνҰζ͡
ʹɽʲôģڱ߶ȷʵҶԼȻԹĲǾûжٻᣬҶҲû˵ʲô͵ǸǸƻʳˡ
˵ʲôﲻܳʲôģҶû̫ϡ
ʵϣ󲿷ֹ֪ʶ֪ѣֱÿڲϵƱڽͨ¹ʵֻ࣬಻١
νɣֻΪ˱˵ѡ
ҶϡǵһΣһԱ̸ϣʹʴ˵ʲôñģһó
ɴ¼һԾ˵è֮Աϸ񱣻ʵΪèóԶѣζԺ쵼Ҫζɾûлˡ
˵˵ĶҲԹˣֻܹԼⲻóԣòѡ
Ҷгһ·ԶˣҴɻʵҵĸλɶȫԱҶгʾߵľ⣬ȸ˴˱ıġɾƱȱʾ˶Ҷľ⣬ȻһӣһֵϰԪĳę́ƣ˶ǡ
˾ͿʼӳԷҶ˵ͷˣԺŵҳ㷹ͿԣҰʲôģͲҪˣֶȻϡұǸﱣߡ
ǺǣЩҰģʵǼģģֻǹһҰͷȽѣ͸תĲƷһˣɵЩ̣˵㻹ﱣأղſ㣬Եˡ


1134 ̽
̹鸹̣Ҳ֪ҶǺǵģҪǸǾ鷳ˡ
ҲǾþ̣Թúܣ֮䣬ϵЩҰ̾ͱɼˡ
Ȼ˴۵Сۣû뵽Ҷȷ黹죬ղŻԵĽζȻ¿ӾͿʼ̸Ұﱣˣ⵱ٶˮƽǲһ
ȻԼȻǹٻӵܳʡίǣ£ҲҶˮһ硣
û뵽ҶгҲҰﱣߣҲǰҶôġڳȻԵŮ̾۾Ź⣬Լ
ȡȻҶ¶ζɫòԵŮ£ﱣ˵ˣëƤƷҪƵġ
𣿣ǽзµŮˣȻЩԾĿⲻɵþ䵽˸ղҫһְϡ
ְǶ˺ܶˮ꣬ĲʾƤʲôģʱȻѣɵЩȻڴǰˡ
²˵ˣȻҲûڿʲôֻǿװǻƵŮˣϾڴһͬһϵģ̫ܲҶǰڧ
Ա߶һλԴһЩŮͼʱΣʵڶﱣԣҾøǸҪ飬ںܶ±ⶼûн£̸ʲôﱣôӦ顣
⻰˵ĵҲмֵġҶˣ࿴Ůһۣͷ϶
ŮжʮӣӦܹߵȽˣЩȣҲȽ峺óϲ֡
ղɽܵʱƺ˵ǲǧ𣬺е֣Ҳ֪ӵô뵽ģǲò˵ֵˮƽͦߵģڲͬϿڣױ˼ס
Ȼ˵ͷȷʵע⣬Ҫȹעﱣʲôʵʵöࡣﱣ϶ǮûֲҪΪƱˣΪ˴ĵʱȥɵģͨûжĹϵ
Ȼ˵ȻԼǹӸҲȱǮǱϾʡίǵĹӣѧԨԴĿȾȻҲһʶʶȣͬͨĸɲӵܣкܴġ
֪ƼҶһ䡣
Ȼ˵νĶﱣߣʵһͼעķʽѣжĵط϶ʳǣḻ˼£飬һΪ˴ʱ䣬ͻһЩ˿˼顣
ȷ˵ţЭᣬŰ˵ȵȣΪģȻǽű壬ȥֱ˼ҵѾ˵ǱַȨˡ
ͺһЩطϲԹ⣬ÿһļڣǶᶨھٰԹڣͳѾǧ꣬Ϊصһξۣÿ˴ομӡҶһھƣ˹ظ˵¶֪ôһȺȮ֪ˡüһ⻹˵ðѣǶôƵĶﰡͱôˣһǴسԣųԣųԣųԣųԣֱɥĲ԰ǣЩȮ߾֯˺ܶˣܵ˼ҵĵ̶ȥ顣
ôˣ˵Ĺע
ҲûôҶЦΪǸطʮ˶Թ⣬Ѿǵһʽôܸı䣿νĿ飬ҲͳһЦѡ
Ҷ˵֮󣬼˼
ߣ˭ҲҪԼ̫ΰˡ˼һӣ˵뷨ΪȷޱȣҪάĶڱ˵棬ʵʲôǡ
ҶЩؿһۣȻеĸо
ʵ⻰˵ģҲһ⣬˵ҲбӰ䵽ɣ˵ǹúӶ£ֻ˵зĵȵȡ
ȻɵˣȴǴذޣ˵ҶǾǸ֪Ȥҵ֮ծ⣬һгαôģ
˵ˣҶʵҲЩɵģϾծеֱӰ쵽ɽмҵ⣬ͻӰ쵽Ҷ⣬ȷʵгɵġ
ÿ˶ԼǶǴֻгɹʧְ֮ˡҶ˵һ仰˵ʵǳܿܣ˵ľǳʺһѣʤ˵ľΰȷġ
һٷ˴Сʱӡ
ʵϣ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ںȾƻģַϲ̸µԭҶûծ飬ɵҲûв۵شֻƱյһЩʡȤµȵȡ
м䣬ɺͳȻˣҲؽһЩɻʵҵҵϵĵλ˵ϻصȵȡ
ҶڴǸϻ֮дҵӵΪṩԭϹӦʱ򣬲ɵаЦ
ǻһ˹ĻᱻǵĴ󻰸סҶϻ֮Ĺϵʵڷͬһ㣬˵³楾ŮˣҲһƶΪ̽Ĵˣֻ˵֮Ĺϵûܹȵϡ
ɵô˵Ҳֻǵطϵѣھҵ׬СǮѣҪ˵ĹϵʲôģǾԻЦ
ʵϣֻҪҶһ仰վɻʵҵ鷳
Ĳ˵ԭϹӦڵУܹܶ£˵ԴγȱԱһɣ˵ԭϹӦУӴ̽ƣЩʵѣֻҶûȤˡ
ΪʾԼʵɵ˰Լ˾ȫݶ˳ʡίǵĹӣǧŮӣиʡĹӡͳսǧ𡢻мʡɲŮȵȡ
Ҷһ£һȦʮλɻʵҵĹɶȻûһ׶Щ˵УļˣڵĸܸһϹϵȻ۸ӵһС塣
ҪƿᣬҪӰ쵽ܶ˵棬ѹծôöûҪ
磬ҶջģЩ˵лǴһЩҺСìܵģ˵Ů֮䣬ƺͲôǢ֮䣬ƺҲò롣
ȻΪ˹ͬ棬ߵһ𣬶ɻʵҵĹɶֻ˵ǵıЩǣзߵҪѣܹ˵֮־ȤͶ޼ġ
֮ܶһμ棬Ȼû漰ʽĻ⣬ҶǸоջСѾһЩ壬΢ץסһЩУ֪ԼӦôķ濪ʼ֣ɻʵҵݣƿһ
뵽Ҷɵ˸⣬ƱһȻ˵ϾǱ߶һݳ˵ˮ׼ϷĹŵ̨ҲҪգλȤĻίǱ߶ҿ˵һЩλá
Ŷôһ˵˵鶼е仯
Ȼ룬ǻǱȽϸȤġ


1135 ڹ
ԸҶȥݳģмˡ
ȻɲûȤȥݳǳȻƺȽԣֻһЩ뷨ʣµļˣǸŮ굹ҲеȤǾȷҶһȥ
ǾҶг߶еҪͲȥˡɿ˳Ȼһۣ˵
мʱ򣬳Ȼֻȥӵ绰
ȥһϴּ䡣˵һȻ߳˰䣬Ȼվȱ߶ĴԴ绰
ôҲˣȻʱ˵绰еؿɵ
һϹעһҶ˭ӴȽ϶һЩɵ˵һҶȻûбֳɱڵģϾ߲ƣܹĻɣȻõġûмһһε飬ڲЩ⣬ĻɽзҲܾץסᣬһݵġ
Ҳ˼ȻĻݳʲôÿģȻͷͬҾͲţǸھ裿
˵һζɽеҵͻȻѣᶯҶҪɻʵҵծȷʵסһǳõʱ
ɻʵҵһ˼ıɹеҶ΢һԼӰɺͳȻæңòֳ󲿷ֵ˼ӦԶɽеծжòҶ뵽ͼиʴ£ʱ䣬˾С
粻ΪԵʵĻҶ˭أ
߲ҲҸɣȥΪһҵҵʲôŭԹ飬ų́޷Ϊṩӡ
ˣҪ׽һҴҵõҲô׵飬Ͼ滹ǣһԱΰõ⡣
ҵν޴ְǣ϶Ϊĸãָӵ⣬ͷ۵ġ
ɻʵҵվıеĹؿϣԸ̬øҲԲֻ̬Ҫҵְ£ܹýʡάΪṩӻˡ
ⷽԭɺͳȻҵ߲ڲڹĻöɽзʱ׼ȷһӾͻǵҪ
ʵ飬һֱɣܹӴ˾ڲҪģ޷Ǿô˶ѣ˵ЩӦöûзˮĿԡ뵽飬ҲɵЩͷ
ȻҲ°ͷǰ˾ڽҵĽŲ飬ϣڹڳĻеʲô飬ת۾ͱ֪ˣ⻹ô
ֹһͨΪǳҪ
ܹɹһεѹأɹҵУδҲͬϢȫΣ߲ڲôһĶӣʱп¶âǸһѪ죬ȷʵһܹ˸е顣
һӣͳǣ˵ҶгȵĲˣھͻؾд
ǵһˡ˵
˾ͻص˰棬ִһӣŽҶ˸ߡ
Ҷ˳ͨӾɺͳȻڻ
˾ȣǸ˼žͷ˳ӣһ̶뿪ɻƵꡣ
٣ôʲôûأǰͷЩҶ
ھ棬ҶֻǳԳԺȺȣȻ㽲һЩ޹ؽҪл¶һҲûᣬ飬ȷʵеЩ֡
֮ǰҶɱڣƺҪ书һۣһӾͰɻʵҵ֮ƺ̬Ⱦͷת䣬ôżˣеǳĲ⡣
棬Ҷٰ¶ôˮġ
ʱ򡣡Ҷ򵥵ػشһ䡣
⻰еЩĪģʲôʱأʱ죬ҶҲӦԷҪܵ߶
ϾɽǱ߶ǻѹ˺ܶģҶҲû¶Ҵܣƽ׵ôĹ
Щʱǲ˵ԷѹҶ˵ڵռôԷΪеģ޷ǾҪʱըȻˣǵȻɱԼĵߣǿԽǵѹԽ̸оܹǴ档
ŶԭˡˣɵûȻ򣬴Ϊ
˵ĳӺܿͻص˾дԽ˷Ϣ
д߶ʵǺܲģ乻ʩȫֻǴӷ˼׷֮⣬϶ߵǾӵӲ·ߣľҾȻ۸ˣͱȽϸ£һɵɽϢЩҾ߸ʱ䲢á
ҪľǴֻ׵ƷǾרõģҶ߽֮󣬾Ͳɵֱͦ˶
Ҫһ㣬ס߶ǳ㣬һͶר˸
ʵϣӰȫǶ˵ԺҪʡίԺŶȸһЩģˣҶӽҲƼҶס߶
ǻʱίʽպòڣ˵ȥʡ濪ˡ
ɾ˾ڣʲô飬ίʽӦǱȽæµһЩ
Ҷոɳ
ɡҶĽ࣬ǾӦһ
ȻŶ룬˽
٣ղųԷʱڲͽ·ݹһҶ
ŶҶһ£һǶ
һֽÿںдµһַһ룬ӱʼʲݳ̶ӦǴæд͡
ƺŮ˵ıʼҶ˵ôһ䣬̾;Լ⻰еˣһſںģŮˣϾʱαʲôĺܺ
һǴ룬Ҳǵ绰룬Ҷɵüͷ˵⵽Ǹʲôأ
ʵϣҶһι֮ûмű̬Ҳмڴġ
ɻʵҵ⣬ȻԶǽģǰ¶ͱˣȴɻʵҵڲˣӶԷ˽Ļĳ̶ӦͦߵģĻӴЩ
ڵǣԷͷ¶βûֱվָ֤飬Ҫ֤Щ飬ȻҪѺܶ๦
ӽʱÿںдˣǸ߶
߶ʾǲμʮ˵еһλǰһƵĻ߾ǼŮӵеһˡ
˭أҶҲ޷̿϶˾˭
٣ȻĻҳȥһ˶﾿ʲô
ҲáҶ˵ͷȻ;Щףˣ㻹Ǳȥˣע߶ˣء
Ҷͽֻʼһ룬ҶҪ飬Ǻܷģȱľ֡


1136 ˾ͻȻ
ҶпԽص˲࣬Ϊؼ⣬ﲻǼҵĵ̶߶ƱȽϸӡ
ֵѡϣҲû̫ıѡ
һ£Ҷʹ绰л顣
ʥѾУʥѾϽһ¼лȻιίΣһлԭĹίҲɲԭҶͼĺΪԵʣż˳ȥתְû˶档
лҶƽ¶˵Ҳܶ࣬еͬǳӣԼĴˣҶƽίԱݣȷʵ˭Ҳ޷ģõ˶ίί֧֣ǲɽȨʢ
лҲȽϺùˣҶµĵӣʥ߶ĻǺܺõģڻϻصǿҷչͷĵλҲȹ̡
ͻȻӵ绰֮лȴеģΪ벢Ϥ
ܹѵ绰˽ֻ֤ˣǴ˵绰
Ҷþĵ绰ġһͨ绰Ҷ˵
һΪ˭ءлˣе⣬ûʲôķӦôûԼֻ
ڽʡУЩ鲻󷽱ԼֻҶһ£Ȼл˵һ飬Ҵһ¡
ôˣ㱻˿סˣлԭǸģһ֪Ҷ˼Щطʵ
棬ҶƺٻΣΪû˿סҶ˼ɣԼԸ̫ˡ
סڽʡ棬ҵ˽϶˿ģԲ󷽱㡣Ҷл˵һַһ룬˹ȥҲ֤һ£Ǹʲô
ûʲô⣬ЩˣδܹӦлĥһ£Ҷ˵ˣԴ˹ȥһ˶ˡ
ҲãСһЩҶˣûзԡ
׿лǰǸ칤Щ˿Ƚж֮⣬лͬʱоֵݣһʲôͻ⣬ǿֱӶǹģһҪʲôΣȥ飬㲻ˡ
ʥ߶ʵûжԶڵ·֮ͨ߹ҲСʱӡ
лһ·񱼣֮ǰϵҶṩǸַ
ֹ˰Сʱ֮лͰѵ绰ֻϡ
ӹ֮󣬾ͽ绰ݸҶ
ôûʲô¶ɣʲôջ񣿡ҶǺܹеʵ
ǰһ仰Ȼοлģһ仰ʲô֡
﷢һչǴ֣Ǳչ롣лҶ˵һ½Ԫ¥еһ䣬ĿǰûзۣԲ鲻ʲô˽ġ
Ŷ˰ҶˣɵЩȤ
ǸչҲǱȽȽ֣ԻװõġлҶ˵ͼбĻĶȫ١
óԷȷʵСȻṩһЩݳǶԼݣǷǳСĵر
һһ㣬ǾǶԷҲЩ䵽˵ȥϾ֪Ļõ˱չҲûʲôá
һ£ûʲôĻ˰Ѷ͹Ҷ˵
أлʵ
Ȼȥ¡Ҷ˵߶ƱȽ΢Ҵ߶֮ٹȥ㡣
лˣûʲô顣
ҶԣлҲóʡ߶ȷʵȽ鷳ҲѹҶСĽǵǣ񾭣ʹ߶Ӹ
չ飬ǱйǵĻҲŪôӣ͸ðС˵дòˡ
һӣл˾ͰѶ˽
Ҷ˴֮󣬾ͿʼЩеĶװļģһʮ֮ࡣ
һ£Ҷͷ֣Щɻʵҵ¼ǳϸĴ֧ϸ⣬涼дúֽת򣬻һЩԭʼĵݸӡ
Щ棬ܹطɻʵҵľӪ״ҲܹóǸЩĹϵУ˳ϵĻܹһЩǣ
ֻǣЩϵڶ࣬ҪҲҪһЩʱ䡣
ҶһιҪĿģжǷԶɻʵҵ֣ԼѼ㹻֤ݣʡڲ⣬ֻôһֽϵĻ϶ǲõģڼľ֤⡣
ܹɻʵҵڲҵ֤֤ôɶˡ
ǣ˾˭أҶ˼
ֱ˺пܾϻۿݳеһǾʵΣ滹Ͳжˡ
ΪڰȫҲпѡܿͬҶֱӽӴⷢʲôΣ
ϾڶԷҶ߶ļ϶ܵġ
ղѾҶ㱨һ£˵ǸǵĹ۲⣬ѾĲͼӽǡ
ϢҶеЩǣҪ֪⻹ʡԺ氡ĻֺпܾҪһˡ
дܿ͵˿ʱ䣬Ҷ͸һȥԷ
ʡдķǱȽϷʢģʦҲȻܹǼƵĴᲢۣɫҲ˴󱥿ڸ
ȻˣҲпΪίʽ⽻ϸ׼
Ҷһ䣬Է
ò͵ͦ࣬ܹˣǹæǾγɵϰߣܶ˶ȫ˶߶Է浹Ҳֵͦġ
Էʱ˶ǷǳĬرտڲԣȫǶĲֲ;ײһ͸ھӪһ
Ҷ龰ɵ΢΢һЦ˵⻹Ǿ簡
Ƕ龰ǲİϾǺܶ˶ǴӾ߳ģηǺ׹ǶڹȥһЩ
ԵһһҶĸоŤͷһͿһȻ˽ϺȻһŽǣȻٽΡ
У٣һ·˽
˶ڳԷûмע⵽һĻ
ٽֱӾߵҶǰͣЩȷѯʵҶͬ־
˾ҶվͬЩȷطʵ
ȻҶг棬ǽʡɾٽЦЦͬҶա
ҶҲ䣬ȴе죬˵ɾôͻȻˣ
ôͻȻʡҶееѰϢҪ֪Ӿ˵ɻʵҵЩˣǹϵеġ


1137 Ҷܳе
ɾӦھǿġ
֮ǰļƻҪһңʱɾܻؾֹ
ʡĹһֱίʽ֣ҶϵҶӽĹϵҶ߶סţͱȽϷ㡣
Ҫ֪ʱ飬ʵҶɵġ
ɾЩطĴԱ˵ǶүҲãҶӽҲգٿһ飬ܹŪҲѵɡ
ɾȻǰˣͲܲҶ뵽Ƿʲô״
ҶȻЩȴţ¾͸ɾ
лʡĽӴ˵˾Ҫһܻܺ߶еźأҲס죬Եһˣûϵ˾ǰˣⶼԵšҶЦ˵
ԭҲû뵽ôܻģֻǼ¶òһɾҲЦݵؿҶȻʵôסϰ𣿾ɲȾǣƵķãԱܹרŵѵ߶һжӼˡ
˾˵ЦˣҲǳԲÿˣ˵ˣ߶ǺܲġҶ˵ֻô˹ȷʵеˣǲ˼
һˣҶгô˵еˡɾ˵ܰϵطæǾҲɣǧ˵ʲôŲŵĻˡ
վгһӣɾ뿪˲
ɾ뿪ıӰҶ˼ȻڿɾΪʲôǰصʡƺ͸¶һŹ
٣λ˾ͻȻеԾڰķ˾ʾͶҶ˵
Ҷֵµ⼸λ£Ǹµˣƽز˵Ҷ˵ʲôʲôǰǺܹ쵼ͼ֣Ҷʲô飬ܹ׵ķˣ˾ʾеͬܺãǹҲǾǻһЩҶƶЦʲôģƺûôĳ𱰵ĸо
Ҫ˵˼ʲôģλ˺Ծû˵ĿȴҲеҶȻǶԸʾĻݡ
Ҳûʲôֵģ飬ȻֲġҶ̵ÿӰˮ㣬ƺûбӰ쵽飬ʡ߶޷Ǿǽסһ¶ѣ˼ҵ飬û˿ϵҲҪȥעһλʡ˾١
˵öԡƵظһ䣬ȻͷԷ
ʾˣһתȻеҶ뷨ƺеֹ˼
ԷԷôóԵˮ㣬²סͰ״ǰס˸ʾͣû˵ʲô
ҶЦЦƬˮ㣬ŵ档
ʡдˮ㣬úˮ׼ģ˵˾ǰˣˮһֱܻӭؾͳ߶Ʋ֮һ
ǹסһӵˣ϶Ƚϻˮ㣬ҲһЩͣʱʱعһˮԣһ¿ڸ֮
ֻⶫóǺóԣȴ΢һЩԶˣθǻеܲˡ
Ƕںܶ౱˶ԣǺó
ԣʡʽίͶˮ㲻ôðⶫ
ҶⲢʽίˮ㣬ʶַʽԼʽʡдڸеģԼġ
ȻˣЩֻ˽Ĳ²⣬棬Ҳû˻һ㡣
Թ֮ҶֻصԼķ棬Ȼʼñ·Ҷӽ˹ȥ
ŶС㲻Ѿ˽ʡǷסϰߣҶӽҶ
ط徲ҰȫûôɧšҶش
ҶӽˣȴζǾЩطʵôסʡ棬ɧţ
ʡȻȽϸӣʡԺ棬ӦǸطϵһЩ鳶ϹϵģԲŻὨҶסȴû뵽ƺҶĻ˼ʡҲеˡ
һЩﾭ·ġҶͽڰ췢ֵ飬Ҷӽ򵥵˵һ¡
ôģҶӽˣȻǳ
˵ʽһģҲȽϿҶĻʽȥ˽ʡ֮󣬲ûкܺõؿչ
ûܹԼ˵û˷棬ǹʧܵı֣ھ棬нֹǱģĻһıס
Ҷӽʽеˣĸɲ˵мıҪ
Ҳ˵㲻ʱ̡̫Ҷ˵ңɾ˾ƺǸǳǿƵˣ˵ǰ˾ǰˣʡдĲ棬һˣˮ㡣
Ҷֲһίܹˮ㣬Ѿˡָô͸ǵסɾҪĻͲһίϸ飬ʡĸɲǶҪ»¯ˡ
˵ҲмֵҶӽҶĻĥһ£ͷͬ˵
ȻʽûкܿؽȨԼ֣ǿ͹ǱȽʵڵģʡȷʵһ׿еĹͷ
罭ʡıʽôеĻȫɲʣ˻ˣҶĻġ
ʽЩĵ˿ҪġҶӽָһ㡣
˾ڣίңǾӦúؽӹеָȨֻһİ࣬Ҳܹʡ³̡
ҲԭģɾͻȻˣڳʱ򡣡Ҷ˵ң֪ˣȥҴ˸档
ŶҶӽˣȴе죬ٿĻ飬ȻҲȱϯ
ҶӽǾίίԱıܳϽΣһεĻٿģȻرҪҲҪ漰λһЩһμӵģ黹ûп꣬ȻŶˣеģ
ܣòıܳӲѹסɣҶЦЦȻֻһ棬ǳμ棬Ҳе˼ҵı󣬻߻ʲô󱳾ڳء
١ҶӽˣɵһȻǶŭ
Ȼ˵һҶ״ҶӽδؾͻֶӳϾôҲϽһöôǷǲ֣Ҷ˼Уȴ˹עģһǽʡƺеԾطϵĹϵе
һɾ;ȱϯٿĻ飬ȴûıܳȻ֪ͺܳˡ
ϸķһ㹻ˡ


1138 ̨ʶ
Ȼ˵ɾֲ֮»϶ϸͼȻͬҪ
һ£Ҷһֻ۱һֻۣϾݵˣҪ£ҲǺ鷳顣
Ҷӽľί߲쵼˹ʵ£ɾ鷳ˡ
ҶҶӽ˵ɾʱҶӽûйעֻ̫࣬һ绰ɾȥѣ飬ͲˣʱҶôһ˵ɾȻ·ŶҶӽеǳ
Ȼ˵Ҫֻһ㣬ҶӽҲȫ̲룬ǼɾǼɣҶӽҪȫ̲λᣬ滹ܽᷢԵġ
ڻſһ죬ɾˣʲô̬أ
ǲҶܳӵ̬ȣ
Ҷ֪ܳ¶ȻǷǳ
˵绰֮Ҷɾ̯ϴ¶ˣҲֲˣ˭ҪԼţַȣٲ˳һͷ
һûʲôǳɰϵһֱƽʡʵȨ״Ҳ档
һҶӽʽɵʡʹҪʡ״ı뷨ʱɾȻ˾ͣôֻ˵Źˣڹ߳ëˣԼƣҲûа취顣
һӣʽ͹ˡ
˵ʽҲеơ
ҶӽİţʽչҶڽʡ߶Ӱȫģû뵽ɾȻɱһǹֱӾܻˣеֲĸо
˾еӲʣ²ơʽҶҲûй˼ʲôֱӾͽɾ˵һ£ջͼҴҵңΪʲôô˸ŪʡⲻӰȫ𣿡
ô˵ҶҲһ㶣˵Ǵأеһ
ʼʱǲĵϸֻΪǺӶʡһгѡʽ͵Ļʡûʲôȥôṩ񡣡
ŶӰҶˣ̾׹ˡ
֮ǰɾȥʱ򣬿϶ǲᷢġ
ᵽ˰м䣬ʡ߶˸ͨ籨ˣ˵߶ˣɾõʲô˵⣬˻ͼѣʽʲô顣
û뵽Ҷݲһ㣬ʽϣеģɾä֮£δͳ˿ٲʽһ
ʱɾڲʱΣҶϾᣬʽ˶ӣеԾܵһҶʲôͷ۵Ȼܹоֵٽֳ
һ֮£ɾһʮͷٽǺӶʡɽегݵһʵܹ˵ܶ⡣
Խɾû˵ʲôؾˣΪҶѾܹѹ
ɾص˾ʼǸ鷳ʽһüͷһҵĻͲʹˣǾԺͻȻ˺ܶߣұҪϸһµģڻȨɲ߶ˣ׳ˡ
ҶӽѡҶס߶Ҫʽӵõģû뵽ڸӣʽ϶еġ
Ҳ޷ɾǿ;ܳģƨϻûвɾأôвǣҶǲΪȻ
ȻѾҶӽͨ߶ôԴ󲮵˵϶ǲ֯޼ɵ鷢Ƥӵµġ
ֻǽҶӽȡʲôж飬ǾͲҶ֪
Ͼ飬ʵҲǱȽϸӵģϲֶ֮ΣеʱȽֱӣеʱȴֻȽػأǲ׿͸ġ
һҶܹȷģǾɾһξ˴鷳
ʽ뿪֮Ҷһĥͽ˶Լķһ飬Щˮ
ȵϿ˵ʱ򣬾߶͹һĸıش쵼ҶǲμӽϾٰʡݳ
Ϊ˵õ飬Ҷ˾ͷǳؽǵ룬һͬǰʡԺãμӽݳĦ
ǵ˵طʱ򣬾ͿȻˣҲѾǰš
Ҷǵ˵ͷʾˣȻ˷׷
˵ӣݳ׼ʱʼ
ʡΪǿʡľõĵطԮǽ϶ģԸʩ걸ԼĹţ൱
һβμݳģǰϷĹŲԱݱȼӴ󣬽ĿҲȽϸߡ
ϷĹŵԱУ֪ĺܶ࣬λҶͬ־ӦϵðɣҶԵʽȤͦߣΪҶָָĽܡ
ԴʽҶ֪ɾ͵͵֮ͺ˷ܣΪǷƽʱҲͰˣҲδؾͻ˹עϾֻСڶѣƫƫҶӰ쵽ҶĴƣԵùҲǱȻġ
Ҷ˿ʽָλŮԱƺе죬һ²żŶǸͦһŮԱ¶񲻶ࡣ
ҶȻˣͶүӲƽһʱڹ˻֮н˽Ƭ棬ֻǵʱûкܱ¶ڣҶǰһ£ûб˻֣֮
һ飬Ѿˡ
ʱ䵹ǹ찡
һ룬ƺʱҵĸйϵ¼ֻһ̶ұҶҪ˻ȥԼղˡ
ҲΪҶĲ֣Ტûбǣ˻֮һ⼸ķչȻȽ˳Ѿشӵľżɣʼʵת
ھпӵкܶӵģطϲҲܶࡣʽ¶ͦԵģʲôڹţЩȻûдʲôǱǸ˰ɣ
壬ôҲɿǲõġҶˣеӡǺܲģ˼ŮҲŶʮӣҳ磬δؾҪֹϵλ
⵹Ҳǣǰʱ򣬷ǱȽϺõġʽˣҲɵЩεصͷͬ˻֮İӶ·ȵǲ١
ʽ̨ϵһֲۣһʱ˻֮Ҳеϸ𣬵ǹ˻֮ˣһ鶼ûУ⵹еˣӦҥѡ
Ҫ֪ʱ˻֮һǶүץģȻʲô©֮㣬ȻûһεǣôʽΪ˻֮ûʲôϸˡ
飬ȴǺ˵ˡҶڴһ䣬ɵýĿ̨Ͽ˹ȥ
̨ϵȻഺɣҶ˼ۣȻЩط֣üë˳ֱĿ峺λҲûгʲôҲûʲô糾֮ɫ
ѵԭװģҶ棬ɵøеЩˡ


1139 ϴּĳͻ
Ȧ飬һǱȽϻǵġ
ҶҶ֮ĹϵҶȦ˽⣬ҲȽ̡
Ȧܹ治࣬żּҲǱ֣ǳƱʵģⷽİöѡ
ȻˣˣܹһǵҲ٣һⶫٲţûžûгĿռ䣬ӵܣ϶ǲҸǷǵģⷽ滹ǱȽϹ˼ɵģŮǡ
һ棬ΪЩ˼ȻѾ˱ȽǿıôȦڷչʱǻһԽУܹеľͼˡ
ⷽԭȦܹͷصģŮǣ϶ǰűȽϷḻĸţѾǳʶ
һ˵Խ֤࣬ŮǵĵλԽȹ̣Խ졣
֮Ļ߾Ҫʼ˥Ѿҵ͹ˡ
Ȼˣǹ֮⣬ȻҲ
ҶȻǺϤҲ˵İٶӡǱȽ̵ģˣҲ˹ϣܿ˹˻֮¼Ӱ졣
Ļⲻ˻һ飬Ȼδؾܹ֤˵˻֮йϵ̶޷ɵģԶҵ϶бȽϴӰ졣
еȦҲںǿľϵ
˵ųһĻ϶кܶλͨĨڣѹȥﵽԼλĿġ
ⷽҶǵһӢۡ
Ϊ̨ӣ̨ų׸裬׾øһ֣Ȼڹٱǵ̨Ϣ
ݳԸʽΪżСƷ׼úȫϳˣҶҲ̫ë
ݳλǺܸߵġԱ߶СҶ˵
ҶͷΪȻϾ˲ţʵ̫ˣһ棬ܹ޳ܶ˲Ȼᵣʲô˨γ֡
ڹھ÷չԭ򣬶ھľͶȻ֮УȴҲôԣǺվ跽ʽ𣬸е׽ĸо
ҶҲףЩ⣬ǵٹʮ꣬ȵھﵽһȽӴĳ̶ȣпܵõԵŤתܹģ޷ǾһЩڣô򣬷첹ȡһЩ˿Ƽ̫ѡ
ϻصĳ֣ʵں̶ܴϣֲ˹Ͷ벻⡣
Ӫҵһǳ󵨵ĳԣͬʱҲˮһ̯ľҵʵĻԴȪ
һҶɫͻȻе
Ҷͬ־ʲô𣿡Ա߶ʽίҶϵıƺЩԾͺܹеѯʵ
һλɾ˾ˣҲɵͶע
ǳԻ˶ӰɡҶüͷǺȷرʾ
һСҶŶվ˵ǿɣҵȥһϴּ䡣
ϴּСõĺ棬ҶӲųȥŶֱϴּѡ
ʮӵӣҶǻָһЩֻǾôһͨк֮˶е޾ɵĸо
˳վϴּ棬ӿڴһϣڡ
Ҷ̣ǰǸ̵ģΪҪ»㣬ⲻӦҲȺڵı֡
ʱ岻ʣȻҪѬһֶȻ״ĳЩʱ򣬻ܹ𵽰õġ
澯˹٣õ𣿡
ţⲻ󣬲еĻͷƬкͣԳԡҶش
ʱһι洫
ţҶĿת˹ȥͿƹ棬ƺִš
ܺãͿһǸո̨õᣬǸһλˣҲǶʮӡ
ΧҲ塢ˣֻûнǰ󻹸һʮŮˣеʲôġ
ȥҶԥһ£Ȼ˵
˵ʵڻֵطҶԸ¶ϾԼĵ̶ϣ²ôģֲԸ̫ҡ
ԷᣬҶȻԥһ£Ǿһ顣
ԭûм·Ҷ߹ȥʱ򣬶ԷȴѾ̧һ˹ȥŵҪ浱ԼǸ
һ£ܿ˶Էİơ
ӣҶ㿪˼Լһգɵøŭ
Ҫ֣ú˵ǸŮ˺ִæߵǰͷ赲
ŭͷһ̧Ⱦ˹ȥŮ˸ߵ˵ϣŶʹŤ
㡭״Щţæȥ鿴
Ӹߣһָᣬ˵
󼸸ˣûʲôԥ¾Ҫؽߡ
ſңƴ
ʵҴ򣡡˼ˣʱˡ
Ȼô˵ҪһŮǣһǾģȷʵµȥ֣˵ԥһ£֪ǲӦ
ϾôƯһˣͷ˹ԹĻǡ
ס֡Ҷ߹˵
ΪոӵԵʣҶеĸоǸһĸоһɫͿӵӵܣɫҲǴףеӪ
ʲôˣȻҹҵ飿˿Ҷɵ۾㲻֪˭𣿡
ҲҪ֪˭֪˭СҶͲ棬˵˸ҷˣԼȥף¶ҾͲˡ
ҶΪ飬Ǻһá
ϾǷʡڵ飬ҲǴ¶һɧŸŮ˶ѣȥɳҲ⳥ҽҩѣӾ⳥ѣܹʲôȽص
ң⼸ƺҲǾӵܣһŹ˵֣еʱûûأҲǳ飬ͬҶûдǵ顣
ԣҶ͸Ƿһ·ºûȥףҲδؾʱȥĺڡ
Ҫ֪ҶٵأйС¶
ףƺʲôЦ飬ɵ쳤ЦȥףЦ飡
Ҷüͷܲˡ
ѵûᷢʲôģԭûдôģǿ˵ı֣Լղŵģ鰵ͶˣЩˣôôʶôأ
С㣬ѵǷҪȥҽԺһ°ɡҶȥˣת˵
ȥҽԺ浱Ǹ͸˰Ҷ⻰ƺûа棬̾ʹ˹һƾͳҶ˹


1140 ɾĶӣ
顭
һ죬˵
ˣһȭӦ˹ȥԷӲػˡ
ȻǸ֣˵ȭŹƺҲһȭˣȻûжٳԾı飬ֻе⣬طôĸ֡
ֱ·ҲҶһ䣬Էĵϸҿˡ
ҶͷһֽŵŮ˸
ллǳм˵
Ȼǰλʲô·ǿӦǸ˵ӣʵϣǵĻҲЩɧţϾݲͬоģⶫ˵һǮֵеʱȷʵһ
ûмＸصĻѰҪԸ۾ˣǴԼ
ÿղŵĸòǰ١Ҷڴ
ˣе棬ѵ˵ǰλˣҲԼĸԲɣ
ʵϣҲԼĸԱ鼰ȫھ棬ǰλԣҲʲô顣
ΨһеֵģҶҪ֪ϴô꣬ҲʶһЩ棬ղԷƴȭͷӣ֪ӦǾ֮ôλоˣȻҲǵ֮
Ǳ߶ȴѾƴʮȭ
˾ضһʱ˵ȭŹǱȽʵģȴ򣬿óӦǴСͶĵӣһ䣬Ȼһ൱
Ҷţ;еˡ
Ĺļ棬Ȼ˵ǳͣҲһһĴڣǴоҼֳĻûʲô֡
ȻˣȭŹԣǹе裬ҪһЩ
ˣҲܹСǵⲫ
ǰλˣȻƷôеаŮļ󣬵Ҫȴͦʵڵģ׺ޱȣһܹ˷ˡ
ºῴŶԴеˣɵЩȵضҶ˵
һɣͨȷʵˣ˸ֻǲġҶ˵Ҳʵ
ʱԱ߶ļ˾ʹչˡ
Сӣʲô·Ȼһٵĺ¶òͷ˰ɣһ˶Ҷ
ҶȻЩСආǣֻǵһ䣬ƾԡ
ôһԷ˿ǲˣֵǣֱ
̾ΧҶȭ
ٵϰߣģ͸һͲ˰æ˵ֵܹҲҲûС
ԣǾã۸һû˱ڵҶӦñȽһЩٰĲ֪˴ˣȻҲǹһ
ǺܿϧҶɲӡ
顭
һ˲䣬
ţ˴СеˣʱȻ˵ϣеһֲ֪ѹ
ʱľŴ˳
Щ˼ؿǰҶʵǰһС
ڶԷ˳ʱҶ˫Ƚ˳ȥһ쳣׼ĽǶȣ˶ԷҪ˲ʧȥж
治ɵЩģҶˣ˭Ǳڰ
ûмϰȱڸģȷʵδš
Ǳ߶ҲƴһǺݵģͬʱ˺Ȼ൱
Ƿֿ֮󣬾еľؿ߶ΣȻû뵽⼸˾ȻôãҶŵˡ
ھԺˣЩ𾪣־˹ȥ
ǹԱ߶վŵһȽ΢ĽǶϣһ۾Ϳ˱Сǹ
ĺѾǹ˳ǳƿ˱գ׼Ҷ
ʡƬط˵⣬Ȼ޿֡
뷨ʵҲܼ򵥣ڶԷݲ£˭֣˭ӮʤȰѶԷŵ˵Ժô죬ǾԺٿȥҲ١
ھдþˣкʵĿɽ͵첻µزµԸһҲôġ
οҶȷʵ£˶ǾݣγǹƺҲûʲô׵ģǺϷģΪҲãΪ˾ҲãΪ˱ȫҲãֻҪӮˣôԷû⡣
սΪΪһжֳ֤ݡ
ϧǣĶ죬ԷĶ졣
ǹҲʣǹҲ΢һЩ˵ӵոճʵһɲǣӵѾ׼ȷػǹһᣬӵʱʹˣǹҲе䳾
Ϯ۾٣Ѫ죬˲ùˣЩ𾪵
۾ʲôϵ۾ֲһǹڶ׼˵Դػش
ĻѪζȴʵ顣
˵ǰֱʱˣҶ֮Ҳ飬չüǹսµ˵У治۾ʲôġ
ôô󵨣ƺеţʡ棬Ȼ˸ҿǹе߸ĳʶ
Ա߶ҶһڱһѣһǹĴң˵ԼҪһȫңҲҪġ
ǵʲôˣҶĻֱ¶еѰˣɵЩɲʵ
⻰ʵˡҶһػشʣҲδؾͻ㡣Դ˵ˣһûʲôɫġҵĻ⳥λŮʿҽҩѣȥףҲûô鷳¶ˡ
ܣܿͻ֪Լ¶鷳ˣ˵ӲȻˣһûзĿ
鷳㣬֪ͨ˾߶ͼС㣬ǲ֮󣬶Էǹң£ʱɾܣôʱ˵ҶԱ߶Ը
˺ʲôЦһЦþץңûиɣѵ治֪˭
ʲôŵģɾĶӣһҪץΪôҪ𣿡ҶЩĵؿ˵Сطˣûм棬˼ɷͲ֪Լжˡ
ˣʱһǱҪһ㡣
ôı͸˴һѵɾĶӣҶ˶Է飬ɵЩ㵵طʵ
ҶҲˣܹʡôаԵģҶ֣Ȼ߶ϴôɾĶ֮⣬ûмˣܹô
ȻɾֻͻȻôһ¶еôˡ
ô˵ɾǾһ֣ڿǽס˼ҵĵ̶ϵġ


1141 ҧһ
ʶܸƽֵˣǾɾ˾ĶӺҶҲý¶ƺеɲˡ
ɾҴҸϻؾ϶ûĿģʱ򣬳ڲרžΪ˼ҶһԾ͸ǿˣҶҶӽһ֮󣬾͸ӿ϶ʶ
شµĽǶȿ⣬ҶڲҪֵ̫ͻֻҪסھ棬ʱ־Ϳˣֻû뵽̬ķչǲ˵־ΪתƵģĿǰľ棬ҶԼҲеȻ
Ҷʼռһ㣬µ˾Ǻˣµ˾ǻˣԵΪͷ˵ʱǾԲȥԷݡȻٳ֡
֪˾ɾĶӣҲܷβܡ
ұɾĶΣ˾˶ݵľֺ̬֮Ȼ뿴Ҷı顣
ϾʡɾϾ˾˱ϾɾĶӡ
ҶٴƺǲɾУôڳ飬㾿ûе˵ʲôɾĶΡĿԣ
ҶһЦȻ˵Ȼ㶼ˣҰ㽻˾ΣѵΪԼĶӣ͸˽ɣ
˶Ҷۣȭͷս˼֡
Ȼܹһƽ֣ǶҶûʲôˣΪղűҶŵˣҲԼжһĺ֣Լ棬Ǿһġ
ЩӦûУͱҶһ˲ŵˣֻ˵һ⣬Ҷ֣Ҫ̫ˣ಻Ķپֲܹġ
ǿ֣˾ٽҲȥ
ңոǹʱڵѪ
٣绰򲻴򣿡Ա߶ѯʵ
ˣѾǹóˡҶҡҡͷ
ղŴҲˣΪ߶õڸţδؾܹ˵ע⣬ǹͲͬˣڲˣǷǳеġ
ӰеǹʵʵеǹȫȻͬ
ǹһʱ򣬾ע⵽ˣ̾оӳʼǹλѰ
ۿĿɾίʽˣҲӵ˱档
ĽĿճţǴǾͳˣܿͷҶ߶
ô¶ɾһۿԼվָм仹Ѫһ飬еԾ
ٿһۣͿµļսԱǣ˵صڵϣȻǳ˴
ӵΣɾģ߸˵ս˵ǺǿģھȻ⸱УȷʵЩϡ
ְ֣һղŵĳű飬˸ղŵϷС㣬ǼˣҪֹ˭֪ǾȻǹˣҵĶԱǱǴˣҵҲǹ
ҶˣɵЩ㵣˵˵ķӦǺܿ죬һӾ뵽˷ҧһڡ
Χӵǹ֧׼Ҷ߶
ɾеֹ˵Ҷôôܵ߶Ϸ᣿˵ˣǵϷᣬֲʲô˵飬ôܻ˫ǹ
˵϶ǱģҶڶӵʵҲ֪֪СһŰ裬ʡ͵ĵơ
ˣԼͷϷ飬ɾȻԼӳԿϾֶǹ飬ʾͱȽˣɲϣԼӾôݽȥڹжأҶˡ
Ҷͬ־Ϊʵ̫ˣ͹ݲ£뵽ɾϴɫسҲûбѡֻܹ¹죬ѺȻ˾ˣ
ֱһӣҪԸǣҶ´ߡ
ɾ濼ǵ÷ǳԼ߶սֻҪǽ֤ݸŪʵˣǱ߶ô¶ֻҪһգȻܹṩԶĿڹ
ôҶºҪҺˣҲûô׷ˡ
ֻɾҲԼôһŪǰҶҸ׵ˣǻôԸԼĺ˵ҲµˣıҲпɽȻܸҶ濹⣬оݵ£δܽԼ
Ҫģǿƾ棬ȰӸ
ȵȡʱ򣬺Ȼ˲廰ˡ
һȴίʽֻüͷ˵˾ֻӵһ֮ʣ͸鶨ԣúҶû˵ءңʲôݣֲǲþйϽȨ𣿡
Ҷ˶һƬãȻ˵һٽɾһʽһﻹе
Ȼ벻վڶҶֳĵλλȨصһλϽĲȻȲɾʽǱɱȨƿ˵˼ҿĴӺһʱӵмȨ޵ĳ
ɾʽĻʱɫһ䣬֪ʽʱ򣬲ùҲûпǵʽֱӾͶˡ
Ҷݣڴ˵ǾܵϢȻҶ¶ҲвõӰ죬ǴҲݣ
¶ֳЩͷ֪ԼǹڶŵһλоٽֳĻûмܹǹˡ
Ҫ֪ɾ˾Ҳٽһöѡ
ο˼ҶǱ쵼һλɾʹˡ
ԽǽӽȨܹ࣬ȨƾԽ󣬶һ㣬һ֪ġ
ίѵҶ˵ĻɾȻеȽϼ֣ʽһ£Ȼ͸¶һ˵ҶӵĻҾ͸û˼
ʽҲɾҪ䣬Ļ治ίôҪ֪ίȻĳЩҵϻȨҪһЩڴµľϣȴӵкܴȨ޵ģںƽίȨδؾͻ˾С
ʽʡʱ̫̣ûнԼİĻԲôơ
ȻˣʽһεĳͻԼȫƿؽʡĻᣬϣҲԲɾò
˵ҶǱԩģĵϷһŮԱΣ
ʵ࣬Ͳ۵ص㡣
ʵҶⷽһǰƵġʽɾĻûзϣֱָӵİ߰Ӽ
㡭ſڴƻƣɾʽ˶ӵܣʱЩ߳ŭҵʱҪҪôˣ
ɾһ֣̾ͳ˹ҪҶץ
ס֣ʱһôܺˣ龿ô¶


1142 ﻢ
ס֣ʱһôܺˣ龿ô¶
Ǻܴ󣬵Ǻܺ
˻ͷȥʱ򣬾Ϳվ˹
ڳһʱ֪ǷֱʽˣʱһЦ
ɾҪӲҶץʵҲǷǳżģϾھɾģҪ˶ܶ࣬Щսӣɾ˶ָӲġ
ɾҪӲĻʽȷʵֹºȥ˽飬ѾʧȥȻЩϲˡ
ܺͻȻվˣҪ鷢ľʽе˺ܶࡣ
ҶԼ飬ϾҶҶǴĲϣûôĻҲųŶʮͷͱίΣг˽
ӵһоʽ϶ɾĶģҶʷᣬֽѣ͸˳ͻǹ
ɾҲһóվҶһ߶ģ¶ʣ¶ȣ˫ͻǹս
ΨһܹģǹµֱǱڵأóϸһµĻҶ֣ܵҲֶѡ
ɾǷҪ֣ס˵ԼͶӵĻʱȺˡ
һİȫϵڷҧһڣǳݺҲмּǣȻڶϣ뵽˽İ취
ɾˣʱһ˵ӻеĻģת֮ôõɡ
Ϳô˳ˣݳϣϴּ䣬ҶưͣײǣΪҶϷᣬֹ֪ʲôԭᲢû˵࣬ѡ˿֡
ԣ̬̾ˡ
ҶǹҽĲ´ڵء
ȵѶʱᵣҶץԲųΪҶ˿ѡ
ôһĻͿƵñȽϺˡ
ɾͨһ㣬ɵðԽкã˵ֻҪ򣬰ѰӸôԼӿһζûˣҶҪеΣϾǿǹˣ˭Ҳ޷ϡ
ʵģջز
ȻǸԱھĹŶ꣬ҲУΡ
Ҫ֪ʱ򣬽ֻ࣬УЦҲûأȦĽģǶǺˣһУεԱϵġ
˵ˣϷĹŵģʡ߶Ȼ۸ˣɺͳ
ǳϵ⣬ϷҲܷԼĲ裬ǵְϽнʵɾһʡٽȵ˵ģ
˼ҵĵ̶ϣʲôϡ
죡û˵ɾŵؾ
˱ˣĻ϶һɷȻˣҪ˵ѪҲ˵ϵĲͬǸɫϵѣһ棬ʵʵ̫ķֱ
ɾţʲô浱ӣôôʱҶڿˣһ仰ܰɾΪСǸʡ˾ǰߺģҹٽζʱŲǸУ
ҶĻ˵ʱͰڳ˸һ
ʲôѵλˣȻҲٽ
ֳľǣе˼飬ҲţҪ֪ж˷ܶһӣڴУλϣҲȥͷˣҲǴУϣҪλϣǵð̶а
ίʽˣҲе㶣ǲ飿
ɾԼҲе㶣֪Ҷ˵ĻǼٵģ
ҶоֵٽֳһɾʽģҶʲôʱڵľζǲ
ϾҶܽе飬ʱڳҲǼλֳԱѣ໹оίļλڳ˵û˵ۼˡ
ʵϣҶ֮ҲûдװκθйϵƷ
ʱ뷨ȻҪ͵£ǵڣѾгȻⷽҲ˼̫ˣϾڶʱ֮ڣ϶ϲ˸ʡλõģԾһҲû̫Ĺϵ
ҶɾͬһٽΣҶεʱΣȷʵҪɾʱ䣬Ҷô˵ûд
һҲ磬εʱ˵ҶȷʵҪɾһΪ
ֳ˿϶飬ÿεľô˶ѣû˵ʲôʮĽ
ʱίʽ˵Ҷоٽֳ׳ģǾ»ܣ˲ö֪ٽϵģ֪Ĳ١
ôһ˵ҾͲòˣϾʽίͬҲٽ棬˵ĻҪεġ
оʲôģҲв˽ģãȻʵ
о־ν8341ӣֱһ׳ָӵģרŸгίģίԱָǲ¾˽͵
üһ˵˾ţƶˣʱ˾
ҶϵݣϾͿԵͬڴܹܣָ߽֪ͬˣȻǺ˵ţҪľǣӽʱܹǰߵġ
ݣһ붼÷ǳ
û뵽ϵһ粨ȻôۿôţƵˣҲûаһ
ǣô˵νعٲֹܰǰľƣɾ˾˵㡣
ɾҶôһթԼɫҲüѿίʽһɿֻ´Ҳ֪ҶƵġ
ھܹҶһ£Ҳⲻ©˷˵·ϡ
ϾҶݲͬǸͬȴֱ쵼ģ˵һٽʡ˾ˣһ֣Ҳδؾ͸ð֮踣Ҷ֡
ҪץҶ߲ѣǴǾǷǳص¼ˡ
ɾĿһɨͼԼĲǣʱҲԥɫеǹ֧ȻţǹѾسˡ
ȻҶһع֮̾ȫ˭ԣҲܸ԰ǳ˼ԴϸɾһУ
ǵڣѾҪˣɾֻнҶ£пܻסӣĵλ
Ļһ粨ܹȫ˶޷԰ε̶֮ȥ
ǣίʽڳôļָ֤Ӳ½Ҷ𣿾Ҳһֵɽ
ɾɵЩﻢµĸоѲɣܰҶɱڣ


1143 
ɾɵЩﻢµĸоѲɣܰҶɱڣ
뷨ҲѣеʽҲ˿ڣĻҪǸغ
ڣɾ֪ܰҶпµĻ¶ԻԽȥ
ʲôݡɾҶ˵̶ϣվ˵㣡
Ҳеһ㣬Ͼ˾ھж棬ӵоȨ
һУҲûа취ҶɾȴһĶûУʵѡ̷ֻ̬ôԼҲӦú
ɾʱ棬ȷʵȽìܡ
Ҷ˵ĻȷģֱΪֹҲԶΪΪԴģһƶ˶ͬ
Ψһ鷳ģ˵ݣֳǹе
ΣľǱסˣҪ֪ǹָĲˣһλǷǳص¼̷УôأΪ˵ԼҶ
ڹڵķ棬ɺǷأΪ̵ҪݣڼȻûɷǳصĺô̷Ҳء
һ֮󣬻´Ҳ˵
ҪҶץĻһˣҲ޷ˡ
ȥδӣɾ㿴ŰɡҶɾı飬Ҳ֪˽ս֮УһӲĻѹ
ڣҶѾý˾ˣֱӺ֣ȻҲûаֵء
ʵϣҶˣûк³ϳ¼ôţƣˣôһССٽ
Ҷ壬Լ˾ʾˣʱѾֳԹۡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷʾٰĻƸʾ͸˰ǹˡ
ϵ飬еͷСԸʾ˵ҶгôȥϷŮ
ȻܡʾҲǶȻ񶨵˼ȴ˵ҶʲôŮҲһǾɫŮǵģôǸ˼ȥϷˣ
˵ˣȷʵñȽϳɫɫ˫ʤһŮˣֲҲҶôܻͷȥϷ
ٽ˼ᶼ˵ˣͼϷҶȣŸ˳ͻ
鵽ϾѾˡ
ɾӹᣬһͼߵڰ׵ĻͲڵĽ״
ʾǸ˼ݵˣѾˣɾӽѾƵĴ㣬ҪҶץģôʹôԭֻһǸӵı󣬿϶ֵ֧ġ
뵽ɾȻҷ¾ǵĻŶҴҴӾǸϻУ֮һʱҶԿҶûġ
뵽ʾľӼڴ氵صǹ֧֡
˶סˣôȻ˾֮еĻˣһʲô仯Ҷȫܵв£ʾȫԲȡӹϵĴʩֹвҶľٶԷС
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ĳʱҶһûжֻ֣ȡ¼˳ѣûжֵĵƣʵϣԷǹָҶʱǾȷˡ
ٵһȰɣپʲôţܲĲźáʾȻŤתڵĲ棬ҶǱ߶ǴϢҲȻѣֻڻ׼ڱҪʱһŤתǬ
ɾվɫãȻЩ˼ɡ
ʵϣÿһ쵼ҶȻʱ򣬶еɡ
ҶޱضԼɾ;Լһֻ۾߶˵ȸʱѾ˿ûзԼԼһθϻû¶¶鷳
ߣԼϣӦñֵô
ҶĵΪĳЩ飬ԼжĹϵأ
ѵ˵Ҫµ»СС»ˣ
ɾ棬ȷʵеȲסˣϾ漰Լ飬˭Ҳô
֣ҪǺ˵ʲôţν֪Ī֪ĪӣԱ߶ɾɫã֪׵Щҡˣ¾ͼź
ôһɾһ飬Ȼ뵽飬ԼԼæ֮УðűϼֵķգӾǸϻԭ
ǰʱ򣬽Ҷô鷳󣬻Լȫ£ᱻǣɱͷҵİӵС
ôһĻǰҶһв㲻ʲôˡ
ǡɾһָҶҧ˵ҡ
ץֻûгڣǱ߶˹ȴǾ²ı͵ѶƿƳغί磡
ţɾһ㶣ȫû뵽ʱ򣬾ίм
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ֵעģǳ²ı͵ѶƿƳ󣬻ŶʮȫװսʿеŹ֡
ϳ£ʲôɾòȷǰ飬ѯʵ
ϾǰȣίҪزֵĻֻ˾ûɡ
ί磡²ıظ˹˵ί׳ʡɾͬ־̸ίԽӵ籨һӦְȨίʽͬ־У
ǣһش쳣
ӦôˬģȻɾʽ
ӵ֮ʱʽʡʵϵĵһˣɾЩ㶣ƺû뵽ίȻССٽʡ˾
ȷʵеˣҪ֪ôЩûһλʡ˾ôõί׳ġˡֱӵְȨж˵ôȥǱʲô飬ɾ治˵ˡ
ʿɾͬ־ί²ıַԸһ䣬ʿ̾ͽɾΧȥ
ʲô
Ա߶ĹٱǿˣԼеˣ˭óɾƺе΢ˣȻίУû˵ɾʲô׵ĵطǴӰְȨίʽУͺ˵ˡ
٣ɾ˾ڶʱ֮ڣǱٻصʡ
ɾʱеʧǣɵûͷվҶһۣͷҶֶ鲨Ȼϵôһ
ʵϣɾĲͬеǳ𾪣ôҲû뵽ھ˵һһԾŶ˾Ȼôˣ
ȴģʲôأ𣬻Ǽ죬ǣܲҪɣ


1144 ɱ
ɾɫ԰ףһȺʿӵţЮţȥ
²ıȻҲӵǣиѺ͵˼档
ϾɾӰܴʡһֱ˵һҪŪȥͱһλ˸ѺͣҲҪִ֡
Ȼίıʺִ֣Ѻɾ飬Ҳֻɳ²ıˡ
ȫ嶼Уǹϼ磬ԭ·أָӡʱʽҲϵִֵȾǽӴȥ
ӴӵһУʽ֮΢Щԥ
ΪɾŲ£ȻµеǣôȥĻ˵ȴǵģǱɢõ³
ֻʽҲǴˣٿǵʱ䣬һԥ̾͸Լľǹˣȹؽգָӣ
ʽľˣԥس˹ȥֱӾͽУǹ֧ߣȻָʿȥҷ䡣
ʣµľӳԱǣʱ֪ӦǺá
Ҫ˵ʲôĲĵĻʵǺܳģǹҵģ˾ʱֹѣֲǾôֲô˶
ɾΪǿƣ˵ճǿƣȽ϶רжѣڻٱĿУȽԶûдﵽĳ̶ȡ
ʿģôҲҪﵽϳ¼УҪôǻǮӶˣҪھи¶һ˻ûǸ
Եһзʱ򣬾ӶǳĬŵģʽľǴؾӪȥ
ʱ͸ʾ˲һ
پǶ٣¾ͰѶԷˣǸٽ˵
˵ٽˣнϽҲڻ¡ʾЦֻҪǷڶٵϣ治ʲôܹ
е⻰٣Ȼ֪Ҷ¹һн˻֮ͬʱֹһΣһнƵϽλȥ飬ûж˸ȥǡ
ۿžίɹװֱѾԱ߶ѵϣͬʱɾѾ²ıѺֱ
ʱʽڷͶҶ˵ҶгǻȻдɣҵðһ¾飬һȥǡ
ô飬ȻҪһζʱģʽΪֹί϶ҲҪһЩţ֤ƽС
ңҲҪ飬ؾһЩɾܽĴͷǣһЩĸһﲻ⣬ٲҲôһֱ
ʱӦǱȽæµģȻ˲дҶ
˽⣬ίԼæȥɡҶ˵ͷӦ
ʱ򣬾Ǳ߶ҵ
ȻϵݳѾʤӦԱлĻٲҪһ쵼沢лӰĹ
ϧǣɾ˾ίˣδһδ֪ıҲͬȥ˾ǣھֻίʽȥˡ
С㣬ȥлĻɡҶͷ˵Ȼ̨ӲֳĻƺܶ˶еɵġ
ˣͷҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬾Ϳ˶ְγһ֧ǹҶ۶˰
ȥɣЩسҶ
ΪսӵĶӳӵģܹƽ֣ˡ
ʱڳ˲γĵڶǹȻҶ֡
ϵ飬ǿˣһɾȥί϶׶༪٣ԼϣŲٵİӣɻʵҵ鵱УҲһЩʵĽɫ
ʡĴȨѾ䵽ʽУΪɾĶ֣ʽ϶Ź˴ûᣬһʽʼԾڵһЩĻǸӸطϹĲ飬һڲסġ
Щ飬㹻Ǹ϶ͷ̨ˡ
뵽Щ飬ɵѪͷҶһĸԴ¾ʹ˱֮ģ֮ǰҲҪҶŵ汳
˵עڱ𴦵ʱڰγıǹҶ֡
һɱսó顣
֮ǰȭǸʵۺѣȭŹɱ˼ɣȻͬڵı׼
ҶķӦҲǼģȻͬʽ˵ȷʵڳˣẰΣ֮ǰѾˣһ͵ڵء
ҶķӦܿ죬ӵҲܿ죬ȵӵҶұ߶ղ˹ȥԷֺ֮ûл
ǿ񱩵ȴҶϲһۣȥġ
顭ǹʮ
ȵҶӵϷʱ򣬾ͿѾѾڵϣʮֻףѪð˳Ҳ鶯ţļš
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˵ʵҶûдŪⴿѰ·
⵹ҲҶȣҪ˸һЩϾյɻʵҵ֮ƺҲһЩϵʡһЩ˵ĹҲɾеĹϵ
ܹϴȱڵĻôһҶּࡣ
ûˡȥľҡҡͷҶ˵
Ҷֿһۣҡҡͷ˵һֵûУתʽ˵СȥлĻ
ʽ˵ͷã
ʰԼĶҶȥǱ߶
ѾأֳʽԼѯʵ׳Ҫô
ŵѾòʡ淢ȻҪԴģǾȡҲܽڸϾǰսӵĶӳоľ٣ܾôˣҪи˵С
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ʽ΢˼һ£黹ǵ͵ΪãϾɾȥ˾֮󣬻ᷢʲô飬ڻ߶Ҳֵ̫ʡӰ쵽İš
Ͷ˵飬Ҫ⴫򣬾ǡɱɡ
˵֮ͰֳԼ£Ȼʰ
ļ٣е۵С۵ĸо
¶ֵġһӣһУ˵ɱʮǹ۶Ҫжֵ񾭣Ϊɱ
ˣͱˣľҲˡһλУ˵ǾȡԹñˣ˵ɱҲûбõˣҪִ󣬵ʱ޹⣬˭Ҳù
ΪȻǾͿʼʰоֳ֣


1145 Ҫ
һȺٶڼල£شֳ
û˻עּҽʲôӣΪѾûˡ
ɾôǿƵ޷ֵԾһֽķֻܱǴѣϧǣûдﵽԤĿ꣬Ҷճһ۶ѡ
СˣòһϣָܹǸĴۡ
˽ʬߣȻһʯңϵѪǣѹ˼֮ٽƤΣһۼ
ЩѪᱻ˵ӱ߶ȫ㵹ȥɺһ֡
ʬ壬ʻᱻ᳡ϻ᳡Ǳ߶һרյøɸɾЩͷҲڳȵĻ֮УΪС
ʽԣΪɱ֮ϾͲɱκ֤ݣһǿƿʼתֻ֮һ仰顣
һֱǷǳʵģܿܣûеڶȫ̵̲һ٣Сֹ
ѹúܵͣûЩʲô
飬ûжԸ̸𣬱ϾЩյĴԱȽĽսģ˵֮⣬ûмܹ֪ࡣ
ôΪˣҲеĵΨ鷳
ֳĺܶˣʱƶԸǴڼ濴ӣҲԸֵĻᡣ
ȻֵöôȴȻһƬ͡
׳УϵĽĿڽԱǷ׷̨վһţ赸ԱΧǰңӶеĻԱ¼ա
ʽʱҲ˻ͬ˾ıվһЦݵͬԱ֣ʺȻӰ
Ҷ͵λ֮󣬾ĻصԼλϡ
ʱȻŹٱһ⣬Ҷ͵ʵҶгôȥôãӻҪ
ûж飬ƾǳԻ˶ӡҶ˰ֵ
ȻԸ˵ҲûʲôϾˣܲǵҶˣĻ͸ðˡ
Ů꣬ǱĿסˣվЩ˷ܵţȻееĸ롣
߶ɢ֮Ҷ͸ȻǷֿصд档
٣ʡ߶ô飬ҾûǻطסһЩ˷֮Ҷѵ
Ȼ˵ɾѾȥ˾ǣҲǹ֮£˭Ҳܱ֤Ժûһּҵ
ЩĻԹޣԹҶϵ·ӵĻδؾͲ͵͵Ƚϼ˵
Ҫ֪ʡа취Ūǹеʲô¶οЩǿǹģЩɶǰȫ
˵ĺеҶԼ˼ͬĽ顣
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ʵϣʽȻˣְûбȥʡ߶ûнӵί֮ǰͲܶסլȡһֶΡ
ҶסѾǱȽϳľٶˣʽǵҶ⣬Ҳûо¶ʲôͷģϾίǱ߶ҶҶүǸˣôɾ˼ڲ
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ȻɾķӣЩȽеĶɣͲ²
ҶҡҡͷԲ󣬱Ͼ˽еɾܰҪĶ
ӲˮıȻ߶СסҲϾ˽˵ʲôʱһɾ͵תȥְָһЩҪĶڼ棬Ĳ
٣ﲻ̫ҪĶǸǰйصĶɾǷڰ칫棬Ҳڼ档
칫ɶоصģ䱸ɭϣ߶ûôܵľƶˣֻ˵ڴԺΧ֮ڣԱȽϰȫһЩѡ
ûãҶӽĵ绰ʹ˹ɾѾ˷ɻĵӵǴúܣȻֵĻ鶼Ŷ
һεִˣɾ˴鷳Ҷͽ߶飬һ¡
ʲôҶӽҶĻ֮󣬲ɵôΪ𾪡
û뵽ɾǳҶȥģҶǹˣ鰡
ûʲô¶ɣҶӽĵģȴ⡣
һҶڽʡǱ߶и̵ģҶҵľ޴ʧجݵģϾҶڿҶҵϣڡ
û¶̯ϴ¶ˣǹСҶش
ߣҲǾȡҶӽһЩŭ˵ҿɾϣںص⣬Ŀ޾ô򵥣ӵŰӵģԺòȥͷҸүүһ£زһ£
ʵ֮ǰ鶨Ҷӽûдɾ֣ϾֻΪŶûвλ飬ںɱġ
֮ǰ뷨ǽᣬɾŪ棬ݺݵһٸһǴʲôģһɱһɱ磬ΪҶڽʡǱ߶жڳʱҪͨ飬ɾڽʡӰʽ̧һ£ǿʽȨ
ǲŪһίֱӽɾץߣȴûʲôʵϾҪһֽſԱôҾɾһȥ϶ǻز˵Ĵ
ڿЧǺܺõġ
ֻмͳһЩӣɾĶϷͼҶȣóͻˣɾĴѡҲòֳܿ
ݶϣҶӽԼҲеˣԭһɾӶѣڿⲻ٣Ҫˡ
Ǹ鷳ߵͻ飬һε飬ҪˡҶӽɵЩͷضҶ˵
ɻҶҲ̾˿ʵҲûᷢġ


1146 
ڸпɾ³֮ҶҲûⷽ
˵һʡǹֵģֻû뵽һ˵Ŀ꣬ɻʵҵʡ棬ǽʡ
ȷʵҶеЩ졣
ļƻУʡʵֻһӴĲֶѣȴû뵽ɾȳ˿ִϷһط籩˽ȥ
ԭҲû뵽ɾ߶ȻҲôص⡣ڵ绰Ǳ߶ҶӽƺҲе꣬Ѿ˿ʼܹϵкˣһΪɾһҪռλӣļ죬Ҫðˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҶӽ˼
ʡ߶һǰϵĵ̶ɾ֮һıҲһɱȽӴƶߡ
ʱɾȻ¶Ǳ߶һ׼ûУȻЩš
ɾıôпܽڲ֤ɾ֮£սһߴӱһֽʡĹĻϵǳ˴ƽ׶һǳҪĵ̶
Դⷽûüʵѡ֮ǰǿ϶Ҫɾλã¶ġ
վڰϵĶЩиɽǣȻǴ˳ûٵ뷨Ͳڴʱһֽʡ߶ĵ̶
Ҫ֪һ⡣
ʡ߶Ǻ½վȫ»һֽ֧ӣٽĺ߰ҶӽҶ˵һɾ¶Ҫ˶úܣҪǶ֡
ҲûҪ˼ֻţΩ٣ԼϸӵҪ˭ҲסҶʾ
ɾĶû¶¶ҪȥᣬҲᱻҶҶϵᣬҲ֦ܺڣҪȥӡ
ͷβҲֻ˵ɾԼԼ˸ӶȻԼˡ
統ʱɾ֪һԼӸץˣҶҲڸô
Ҷӽԣʡ⣬ȷʵǳˣϽһ½ţмֽӣȻ˾ְǴУֵмʵС
˵绰֮ҶȻһĥ¶;ôҶӽĻ棬ƺôһ˼

Ҫִ֪һ˱սͬʱҲܹһ飬˵˵˽ʲôģǺܷ飿
ҶȻӦˣô˶ԽʡλøȤΪʡľõλϸߣҪľΪôһֽ֧ӵĴڡ
ӰⶫǺ¶
֪ĵλڹһֱǺܸߣȴǺʵݵһ֡
֮ڷչΪͶȽϴһһͶ룬һ֣ǺڵãʱͶ룬ͬһǮ޵׶Ǯġ
ӽڣڵĺֻʼ᲻ȥؼԭǹҵľòڴûǮ𴬣𴬡
һ棬ڽʮս˼룬ԤƵ緶ΧڲֽܳϴģսԺ˼ҲԽΪôһ󴬵ҪԾͿпˡ
ǲô˵ĴûУٵĴǵñֵģôȻһȽǮĶ飬ǾͶ뷽棬жǮǲġ
һǱȽģǾһ˺ϣڸӵĺ滷޷ʱʲôģǳ¶ǽܡ
ԣǰһӣھӲҵȽϻʱڣ
ԭȻͲض˵ˣΪǺԴӺӵ㲻ˣҼ˽ҲҲǰ
ǰͷôһ飬о˵˽ӵ߱ͿſͧȥҪ飬߶ͷӲֱӾǹһ̶ȵ
ôվҲǲ֮ˣ׷˼ʿ߶Ҳ˼ˣǴȲ󣬾ԭ򣬻иԵľͷ˭治
뵽Щ飬뵽ɾӵҶ;ýʡֽ֧ӣ϶еõġ
飬Ŵʲôطһ£ּҸ⼸꾿Щʲô飬Ĳ˺˽ôǵͨʲô;ȥģ
ϾǺܵĲţܲһڽʡڣּҸӵͬߵģĻǹԼȥߡ
ɻʵҵҶ뵽ֿԣֻǲǺȷ
һֱҶֻ֪ɻʵҵڵȽϴԶǶҪ߶֣ȡûֱӰ鴦߶飬ͺ˵⣬ԴҶ˽ʡ߶֮ţҲԿóɻʵҵȷʵһҵҵǴڱȽϸӵġ
¶Ҷִһ̣Ȼֵڴ棬ȥԼĴ
ţƺʲôɵһ¡
ͳ֮󣬾ͿⶫȻһֽͬһ־ּ
ҶһۣܹϵóԷʱ򣬿ֽϵּǳͬһ֮֡
ֻһζԷüдģôࡣ
һ˭أҶüͷȻʼ䵱ʱ
飬˵ǾһȽϸӵḶ́лὫֽҶĿڴˣûмֻõпĿ޵ļˡ
ңĿѾȷˣȻܣϾݲͬѾȷɻʵҵҪ֮һȻԼԼ̨ӡ
һλѾȷɡ
ǣǵеһλأ
Ҷϸ룬λþԼԽԶһЩ䵱вûֱӽӴĻᣬôһЩΨһĻɶˣҶǳͬʱҲӴĻᡣ
ֻǣʲôɣҪԼṩЩأҶ룬վǾЩĪ
˵ĸΪ϶ʡҪ쵼صص󣬶ҲɻʵҵĹɶ֮УҪ˵ûйҲܣΪʲôҪôأ
ٿֽдݣȴѯǷѾõЩϣθ֮飬ͬʱ˵иΪҪ֤ơ
⵹Ǹ⡣Ҷеü
һιϾΪ涫ɽеҵծģ˵ԷҲӦ뵽Լжɻʵҵ뷨
ѵ˵ԼѾ¶Զίе飬Ҳˣ
뵽ֿԣҶɵôΪͷۡ
Ϊ֮ƣǱҪͬ棬Ȼжһ£ֽǷֱˣ⣬ڽʡĴԽԽӡ
⻹һ鷳¶ҪǷҪҪԶǽһεĽʡ֮УǲסҶȻǼưٳʱҲɵͷʹ


1147 ҹ̸
ˡ
ҶѰ˼飬ҹԵñȽͻأ
Ժ棬һ㵽ϣûʲô˳ˣһ϶˯𣬶ҸľҲǳְصص𾯽񣬵˶߶ġ
ҶڵСɾ׳ΧûʲôŵĽﲻ˵һЩľʲô͸Ӧ˵Ƿǳľġ
ΪȽľһҲǱȽġ
Ҷľ̹ȥһ£Ȼͻͷ˵С㡣
ŶҶһ£Ȼе⣬ҲǷǳ⡣
Ͼɾٽ˾¶ѲϵģĳҶΪͷĻҲûôһ粨
˵ʾлӦҲǺ顣
ɡҶһ£͵ͷ˵
߽ܿˣݳʱһװԵЩˬ
ҶҲע⵽Ͽŵǣ֤Уǻʵֿʲôձʶ
֮󣬺Ծؾʧˡ
Ҷһ£ͽ鷿˵
ɾ鷿ܿȫ׵¹źľҾߣóԶʵϡ
ʱľڹڻôŶЩˣ׷ƷĴͼҵļҾߣٵ˲ŻϹŶĺľҾ߸Ȥ
Ҳǹʮʮ֮󣬺ľҾ߲ȫΧȴǹŵĻĸգҲǹ˾һ֮󣬿ʼԻعˡ
ֻع飬ʵҲ˵ǹѧգֻ˵Ƕѧƣͳˡ
ֵʽҾߵذΧ֮УеλӵЩˣȻҪԳԼڲͬô۸߰ĺľҾߣȻѡ
ʮϰĺľҾߣȻһõġ
ҶáȻҶһ׼ľ
ţáҶȻе⣬ҲһȻ˵СȻоְֻǼְ㻹ǳƺΪҶгһЩ
ҶгˣȻЩ档
ԭҲһλгĥţʵĳһгҪȵһٽǿˣȾǹϽڵ˶࣬ξӰ㷺һЩ
ȻűȽ磬ǵ˵طϣûôʹˡ
ǺӶʡɽегоǱ߶ֻǼְƽʱôȥġҶ˵ͷһµ
ллҶгȡԥһ£Ҷл
Ҳûʲôֻ۶ѣʰҲһˡҶ赭д˵
Ҷ˵Ҳʵ飬Ӣ۾飬Ȼò̫࣬ҲкüˣÿһĶǲαȽϸߵ
һģҲֵҶٳ֡
ҶгڶζԮˡȻ˵
ţҶˣȻеȣ֪˵Ļʲô˼
˻֮һ˽ȥ磬ҪҾȥʱί˶ˣҪҴߵʱ򣬾˷˻˵Ҷٵ˼ʵݵ˲Ҫȥ͵ϨĳЩ˵֮ġҶгȻǵڶδˡ
˵鰡ȥüˡҶһô¶ˡ
е飬ϵ̸ڣʵǲðգȻ˵ҶĸܹɼȻԼı£ܹ˼ϼôöûб̭ǾͲˡ
ûֵ֧Ļһعʵ⣬ܰһǱǰǰǰǡ
ھ棬𱰣ȼΣͷֵøԡ
⼸겢ûܵʲôӰ죬֮·ߵĸȽɸӳ죬һԴŬһڱĻӦЩ֪νɧţ㹻ͷʹﻹ˵ļպ
ܹȥãҶٵĴ֮Ӧġ˵
Ҷͷ
Ҷɳ治ͬ˷ǳʽȫǾʣӣҶее⡣
ôŰɣҶЦ˵ôΣӣŪ涼еڣ͸ҼүһֱŤġ
ҶүҲãүҲãҶĴҶӽͶҶӳǶ˾Ծʷǳԣվɣӣ磬ʲôʱȥǾӡ
ҶĸҶƽȻû߾·;ȴҲܼ˵Ӱ죬·жҲһһۡ
ҶͲͬˣ־ǷɻڴⷽûжԼҲûʺϳһ֪ҪиվҪиվûʲô·ȫΪ
ѵԸĥģҶĺ֣ܶΪ㲻Ҫʲôǰͺһ˽ȥҪΪ¶û·ʤ
ҴСھ泤ϰˡЩ˼ػش
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Լûпȥ˽ȻһЩģڲġ
ȻҶһ䣬һүүǰεʱǸУٽݣ׺岮Ҳھ淢չȻûٳһҲǵطϵĸ߼١
ҪǣүүսѺͲ²٣ڻкܶཨڵģϵԶսѵĺˣз֡
ŶҶˣӡ֤룬ͷ˵ȻˣҲ㹻ھսˡ
ȻˣҶ˵Ҳѣ̶ȵļҲֻھսѣҪߵλ÷չһʦǱģһûмھսзչĲ֡
ҷصģų˵һ
ԭӣҶ֪ΪʲôܹܿɧˣλųʸΪŮԽ֮һҲȦĲ֣ӻһȷʵᡣ
ֲ۵ģ߲βģĹϵŻɧǶ˵ԼĹϵ㹻Ǹƽˡ
˻֮İӣʵЩ㳶ϹϵģֻҾⲻԾͰѶˣ˺Ҳ²⣬ΪҶе뷨Ҫʱ˷ֹˡҶһµʱͽ귢飬ὲһ£ǺдʲôģڻҼء
Ҷ˴ӵ飬ʱЩ죬ûȵ顣
ϲûи˻֮жĽ˵Ӧóûи飬ҲƬ
ô¶е벻ףǺȻӦ˹֪ô¶ˣ


1148 ɻײɽ
ŶҶһۡ
˵ʵڻҶ棬ǱȽ͵ԱˣȻĻϴڹ˻֮¼УҲܳȣĶ
Ļ¶϶ɱȽϴŵģпж֮֮֡
ʱ֮ķӦȻǳţĻȻı飬֪¶һǱ顣
պһӰҹԾһݣǵӰڶ˵̫ʺϣԾû̸ɡὫҶһǳ´ʦĵǲ磬ڹϻ˵ģһЩ¶ľͷ
ߣǵʱ飬һЩĵľͷ˻֮ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǿԽ͵úġ
´ʦĵǲ磬ҲһЩȷʵһЩһµģ֮ǰҲܻ˸þĴţܶ˻ţֻճģȴǳ´ʦѡһŮӡ
ȻˣŮȻھнı¶һЩȴŪһӰʸһٳòٻҲֵˡ
ûǲҲãϾȽϴ󡣡Ҷ˿ᣬ˵ݲͬϷڻȽϴķ죬ǼչȥͷܾͻܵȽϴӰˡ
ϾǾ֮ˣͬȫȦûƤûԱͷֶΣŵϣɾеˣһ쵼˿ڽķչȷʵǳ
ʵеȻԺһЩȴҲܵšȻпһڵԱѾǰôˡ
Ҷһ£֪˵Ļûеġ
ʵϣ̫ʱרŵ飬ƯδŮӣڣ͸˵һķҲеġ
֪ȴҲûʲôԸ⹫ԣϾ¶ǣ˺ܶ˵Ȩ⣬˵ķԿ˵۵˶ãʹԼʸ֮ġ
κʱйĵطаȻɣ˭Ҳ޷ıġҶ˿ڲˮ˵ǵĿ֮һ׷Լڰֻеʱ׷ҪĴۣʵеˡ
鷿棬аСʱӡ
ΪԹͨҲûжϰھսд˶֪꣬ҲȽ϶࣬˵ҲͷͷǵҶһЩġ
ԣݷҶʵҲһ
ϾԽԽҲԽԽܹ࣬ҶһЩϵȻͿԽЩͽǹ˵ܶࡣ
˵һεȦ棬ϢȻͨȻܹҶѾΪָһٽŪһٽӵ顣
ǰ֮Ըˣɾٶˡ
ҶΪ֣һ̬⣬ʾҶŵˣô˭ҪҪһ£ԼǷܹǵҶ٣ԼҶҡ
˵һȻ֮䷢ַ氲֪˵ʲôˡ
ΣȻǱȽϹģҲȽεġ
˶ܹõԷĺ
Ĳɵö£ʱ䣬ص㣬ҶгҪ˵ûе뷨ʵҲܡ
ǻȦģȻоݣͬҲŮˣҲҪΪԼѰһõĹ޵ģѾģ֪ǿ̨Ҫԡ
Ȼô裬Ҳ˲ٵңԵȨƱȽǵֻǾţһë
ڵҶ߳ȥҲܹúܺãߵǵصͷӭܵί
Ȩƴľ޴Ӱˡ
ʵҶ棬ҲеֻҲеԥһǶ˽ô͸ǸհһΣͷʲôϵĻǲеЮͼĸоˣɲҶٵķ
ֻϹʱҲǾһģȥȷʵȽˣδҶʳָ󶯣еѳֲסĸо
ŶͣŹȥ޲簡Ҷڼҵ˼붷
Ҳең˵ʵڵģҶ൱ǹٳżɣͬʱʵɣȷʵЩԱĶ
ֻҲ˼ҶļǸǾԵģոңǾԲɼһǶ˵ǼȰֺޡ
Ҳ֪ҶĻͲ֪ʲôˣһЩǰഺȥ֮󣬻Ͼͱн飬԰ЩӸǣ߶ӡ
ʽ϶Ըܵġ
ûжȥᣬԼ׷ġ
٣ܹܸҶ뵱е﷢ϵȴԸԼĹκϵĽס
һĹҶȻͷѾԼˣһֻ֣ҲѾ·̸˽ȥһֻѩӯĸʡ
еԣҾ۶ɢȫ֣֮һŶε
һƬûпĵطҶⷽҲֶˣܹ̾жϵóȷʵǽԺõһɵЩľϲ
ҶĻ棬ԼͷҲеԺĸо֪ôžɵҶ棬һʩΪ
ִδĸоŪеߵ֪ںηûаƤҲԸˡ
ҶȴǸеԼе⼸æڽ飬ϸķ࣬ԵʻΪ˰ᣬ˳ƽɾӸʰˣ΢һЩ
ʱȻ񣬲ڻЩ̲סеϸϸοֿڲõͼ
ŨʱҶĵ绰
Ҷɾֱ¶ˡ绰дȴǴҶӽģϢҲҶһҲͣ
ô¶Ҷı
Ȼ˵ɾֱʡģǼʻԱ϶ǾḻֶˣǴϳȥǣڵӲҲܳʲô⣬˵¶ʲô˲š
ոսӵ˶ϾϢһֱǵĵ̶׹٣ж֮óۣΪԭײɽˡҶӽڵ绰лش
ɻײɽˣҶ֮󣬲ɵЩȻ
е˼ˣɻײɽ飬ҲܹϣɾôһĻԼòҵͻƿڣ˵ֱˡ
⽭ʡ飬治һѰ찡
Ҷ飬ɵüͷ


1149 Ҫһ
ʡ߶ľޱ䣬̾˸ע
ɾںܶ˵ǷǳҪ飬˵ɾֱײɽϢ֮󣬸ж
ʡ˾λãɾڽʡĸԴȻǵһҪ˵ɾʵҪһŵģ󲿷˶Դ˲Ȥ
Ȼˣˮ¥̨ȵ£棬Ҳ޶¡
Ľɶϵɽԭɶıѧҽνʡʱʡ˾һְ
ѧҽϸҶһϵֻͬɶһҶӳ˽ƣҶҲԸǿӰ£һˣĿľôʡʡ˾Ҳ֮á
˴⣬ͱȻʧˡ
ίʽЩʧ䣬Լ˾ίһһӵģû뵽ô˾
ʡ飬ǰɾһ죬ʽէȻûнʲôʵȨ磬ɾ¶֮ô̵ʱȻһЩ飬£һЩȨȴΪʱ̫̣Чԣʤޡ
ε˾ܿҪˣЩҲûʲôˡ
Щİʽ飬̲ס̾˿
عͷһ룬ʵҲûгԿ
ôڽʡѾСˣ˼˵ϻĲ£һԱУҲչһЩԼĹϵ
ҪģǴҶ߶
ҶʲôȻö˵ˣͨҶܹҶҵ߷Χ֮ڣҪġ
ʽĹϵȻǺϢǱȽͨģȻ˵Ҷҵִܹ֮õҶҵصֵĻЧǾȻͬġ
ʽ飬̲סҪȥһҶ
ίСҶгǱ߶ءͨѶԱǷǳѵ
ŶӰʽ֮󣬵ԼŶʱ򣬵ǲʺȥˡ
Ȼ˼ҶӢ۾ȻǶкøУʱŸл߻һЩҪʽóȻȥƻ˼Һ¶
飬ǾԲȥġ
һҪܶ࣬òװ˴ŵࡣ
ʽҶʲô˽¶ʱҲӦôòˣǾʹ绰ȥʾһԵ˳̸Щ顣
ҶгѾ뿪ˡӵ绰ǷԱ
ôأʽˣɵЩȡ
ҶеĿȻȷʽҲµóΪһгйģҪ˵Ϊծ飬淸һ˶
ʱҶɫҴң֪ȥʽһ˸յĸовɵ֡
Ҷг˻ί˵ʱȥٽеҪȵ֮󣬻Ҫʡһ˶ġԱȻǽӵҶĶͽԭʽһ顣
ŶҲáʽˣ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ֻҪҶסһӣôԼʽĻеģǲҪںһһˡ
ΨһҪʽĵģλ˾ѧҽĵ֪λǸʲô·᲻֮͸Լʼ̨Ϸأ
ʽЩ飬Ҳ˲£Ҷļƻ
ҶߵôæȴΪӵµϢ
ѾܹȷǰֽԴǽʡ֮Ůֱʡ
һʱͽӵϢ˵Ѷ飬Ѿ˲µʱ˰뿪ʡǣȥٽء
ǵпܻŶԷĺܶҶ¾˾ȫɱٽضȥȡȳ˳ֽԷһ򾡣Ȼ˳Ͻʡˡ
ڽʡѾ˲ʱգȻǲٵȥˣϾΪɽегԼҶһϵĽӰˣиҪҪȥġ
٣һε飬Ǻҽ黹ǶһЩֱȽϺáڳҶ
˵ҲеҶˣǵ˵ͷ
ߵ·Խ࣬ȻԽḻ
ʱҶȻˣô̶̼֮ڣ;˱һӶ飬ڴϣҲӽ
Ľ϶ǺнԵģڽʡ߶ܹε治ࡣ
ȻһʼʱҲǹҪýʡϣʽʡƿȣҶǱȽϻɵġ
ȻʡסôΨһģǵطˡ
Ҷһ㣬Ǿǵطϵľܵ͸ǸŹͬۡ
ôһĻҶ̵ܹģԼľˣ˵֣ȴ޷̵ʱ棬
ʱȰ
ؼʱ̣Լ˿סҶ뵽Щɵøпһ
һʮˣǲáʾһ߶һ߶廰
ϸﻮһ£Ҳˡ֪ڵȽϼͶԽ׽ǹеơͨѶ˲ŶȫˣжٶѣϸҲܹӦǾ˶ѣֲǴ档
ҶˣҲ˵ͷ
˵ò࣬һε飬ҪǽӶԷнȳ˳㽫ԷҪüֲȥ˼ҴƴȥˣôսԱδؾôࡣ
ԣһεжҪľǲ߻á
ߵ˰·ϣֽӵ˵Ϣ
ĿѾתƵ·ϣҪߺ·ˡڵ绰˵
ǷȫҶȽϹһЩ˵ԷҪ½·ߺ·ԣûʲôԵ
˵ߺ·ĻСΧ׽һЩ
ûܵ˺Ƚȶ˻شԷͷҲˣǳȻӦûнӦͷ
ҶϢ˵һε飬վǳ˽ʡί¸ǵͷϣֻʡɾ˾Ϊ¶֪ˮһˡ
¸永Ⲣ֣ҶڱȽϵĵģӻ߻ǣһЩ˵ܹ˵Ǽλ֮һ
ʡһϷϵĴӪ֮һ߶ô״Ҫ˵Ǽλһ֪飬ǲ׵ģҲû˻š
һε飬ôģϷϵܵһ̶ȵӰ죬ҶȽϵĵ⡣
ϾͬҶƽǼλУ󲿷ֶϷϵУһ鳶ˣôһĴ籩Ҳ޷⡣
£ûһʵĲϣˡ
ԣİȫ⣬Ե÷ǳҪˣҶֻһţϣܹȻԼһ˶ð˺ܴķգҲֵƱˡ
Ͼ۶Ҷһϵԣ˵һٶɽֻҪɹܹҶƽλϰɨ塣


1150 ٽ
ٽǽʡƫԶɽ·ٺ
ľ֮ûзչҲԭϸоһܹó߶ɵĺֽӵפۿڣڵطõķչӰȽϴ
˵͹̶ڵطõķչõģ֮Ҳܹٽط룬Ǿ¹̾ͱȽˡ
ΪֽӵפۿڣҪ֤ģȻһȫ⡣
·飬ܹȻҪġ
ԣ̲ûиطϴԵľЧ棬ͬʱΪۿڵİȫפظһЩΧҲϸؿŵط
ôһͱȽˣԭصٽأʱľ÷չҪԶܱ߸С
ٽ߶ˣټ͵Щ鵹û̫鷳
ҪõصϰǷӦ֪صĴڣǵԼһֱñȽϲĸԴĻǻЩ׵ģȻֲСëͺ˵ˣһٳȺڼϽɢʲôģǾͺΣˡ
ѾЩˣǺ߶
һζʱ䣬ٽֽӵĻأе֡
ڱȻ컻ǴҵһоǾǻƺ˴Ļ˾ίǲôš
ڽ˵ľٽ߶
賿ʱһʻſڡ
ڱˣǰʡ
ֵľ˹ֹǡ
˾飬ֱӷС˵
ǡڱˣŲ˾óһͨ
Լ֮䣬ڱԱ߶Ĳӱƿһǣ͸Ļ谵ƹ⣬ƺиŮӱòסͣס۾׳ӵм䣬á
ȻеЩɻ󣬵ûװûΪá
Ӫ飬δؾôٽ߶ЩڱþˣȻʲôԼӦòĵģʲôǾԲҪµģĻ򿪳˾ͻϼȥ˼ʧҲûˡ
ķգ˭ԸⳢԡ
ӿ˻֮һ·ûͣڽ֮ȥͣһӳС¥档
ˣоб˿סŮӣվԱ߶һˣǽʡ¸ǵĹӣȻ
ֻȻɫеܲÿ
ҲѹˣԴ֪ԼӪڼ֮󣬳ȻͺһֱкҪ
ΪɻʵҵҪĻٿߣȻɻʵҵ߶©Ǻܴ޷ǾһϴǮ߶ѣڲĹгһЩ⣬˵ǷծʲôģЩⲢܹͷöǸļƻһЩѶѡ
û뵽ģֻǶɽеǷծȻҶŪԼЩ⧲
һԣٻ쵼Ҷеû¶ܹԼϽڵҵծġ
ҶôˣȴЩ˸еӦϾּгôᣬжǲԶģȷʵöԸһ£ҲһȽϺ˵С
óȻе鷳ģʡɾӳ¶ѹͷϵһʯͷ
ɾίٻص飬һ֪ˣҲ֪ɾѾΪ;ֱײɽʧ¶˵ɾĶҲѾҶǹʬˡ
Щ鱾Ǵ¶ɾʹýʡȨܷ˺ܴĸı䣬ⲿ̳˽˾Ѿϵƻǵƻ
˵̣֪֮󣬳Ȼɾô۹
аŮҲˣɾţҲ۲ͷϡ
۾ǵҶͷϣԼŪˣ۵ɾʹýʡȨܷ˱仯Ӱ쵽еĴ⣬˸е޷ˡ
һмˣ˽֮С
ʱŮͷϵڱժ¶һžµǱˣǱǿס
ɫЩֻʣһΧĻҲ֪ʲôطֻǿԶĸں͵ƹ⣬ǵ˾Ӫ档
ֲһ£˾벻ԶĺԼڱ֮ᵽŨ磬̾Ͳµˣں߶Ļ档
ٽأЩɵһ䡣
ȻЩԾһۣȻ˵㻹ӦöһԼ˲ǡ
ĻҲûһθ飬ȷʵеĴе𶯣ȫû뵽
ôĺȷʵǺصģֱӾʹǵϡ
һЩ䵽˵УԻһķ粨ΣǼλİȫ
ԣڵõȷʵϢ֮󣬳Ȼͱ⽫ܣ͵ٽء
֮ûнڣ޷ǾĴﻹǺѾǶ鱨Щ飬Ѿ޷ȥˣ
ֻǶԵǰʧһ֮󣬲ŻҪδйܳǵŮˡ
ȻôˣͲںԺ顣̬ȵǱȽϵȻƺͲµֿԣҲ㡣
ʶһ̬ȣҲΪˡȻ̬ȣǸееϧġ
ΪʡǵĹӣȻӴȦȻǴʡȦ˵һζܹΪǵĽɫǺܶ࣬ŮȻеһѡ
֮ǰĽӴУȻǱȽкøеġ
ֻ飬ȻȻٶʲôˣʵϵڣӳ¸ǵǰ;ڷǳķա
ͷǼλеһҪʡľĻǼҵĵ̨Ҳֻ˵顣
ڳȻУҲֻмϣǼλΪȽ⣬ȡֲ֮ǰ©סеĵλѣһЩ飬Ҳˡ
׳ҪʱһλžװǵľˣԳȻ˵
ǡȻҲҶһڣͷӦ
һĿģΪ˽Ѻ˳һԼһЩ顣
Ͼһǳ˴鷳ҲȫֵȻͷϣɾӵ飬ͻȻڣⶼ޷Ԥϵ顣
ΪЩżأȫ̷ǸӵĹףǲƽġ
̧ͷȥͼǰĴŴ򿪣¶һͨĵƹİȥ˹ɫʡ
Ҳûʲô飬ֻǸųȻԼǰͷУ˽ȥ
߹հ˹յϰ֮һװμӣǿȥׯµĴ棬棬Ѿ塢λˣžװģҲűװġ
е˵ò֮󣬲ɵ÷˾ȵ
ʵû뵽ȻĴ


1151 
ǰҲ˵ǰţӻϯ̨
С﷢ɧһЩΪȻʹһЩĵܲѡ
ʵϣٳ飬ʵ̫ˡ
ĸΪʡĲǺȨƵϣλίʡֹٳ֣Ҳ˵ܹٳ÷͸
ΪŮȻҲܹ׵ϣѧණ
һЩʵʵǱ۵ģڵһЩ飬Ҳ˿ôˡ
ͬһϵڲҲںܶԼͬͬϵ֮䣬Ҳǳ˶Ƕ
ΪһΪֵ𣬾Ǻ顣
ǵǰλʱ໹̲ס˼¡
û뵽һμĴȻ
лϯ̨ϵˣ˫˫żһӦҲˡ
ʮλɾܹƵ֣ÿһ˵λãÿһ˵ĻһһУ֮⣬ǳԶӰ졣
Ҳһ죬ԼҲܹĴû뵽£ͻȻһλĴ
ʵеˣʱЩ㱣ԼĲʵġ
ȻλʱҲһȣȴô𶯣ϾΪĳϵڽʡҪԼִˣ黹˽һЩġ
λĳЩͻأǽڵľҲ˶ô֡
Ͼһε飬ȷʵ˸еȽͷһãǾľ档
Ƕԣʡ߶ǷǳҪģԲʧ
ԣλٽأǲ顣
󿡽ܵŮλȴüͷһۣȻ˵õҲôô֪أ
УȻýʡĹٳñȽϱȴڿɿصķΧ֮ڵģΨһеģûаǵй¶ɣ󿡽˵ûκεĺô
ΧҲȻ벻ͨ顣
ίҲŶλû뵽ĻĴϰ壬Ȼλ򲹾ί
ʱ˿̣ǽƽ
λǲ֮ǰűѡΪ򲹾ίӦʱѾȥ빤ÿһλί޸֮ˮһڵطͬӵкܴӰڶغ߶
˵ӦϷϵһԱɽмص
ûзʲôĻϷϵڵԼʮʮķչھ÷ĻȨԽԽأӦ̳Ҳʲôܵ顣
Ȼ˵ҶҵҶƽճʮͳ֣ǲʮӦͬһǳǿĶ֣ȻֻǺ򲹾ίǱϵȫƶλĻȻȱݲĻᣬᱻҶƽ١
ҶҵҶƽԣȻһĺûᣬڲûбֳǳǿķչƣû˿ѾֳһеķչѹʡǿƵλ
һǳҪǾҶڵطϵӰھеӰǲ˺ܶġ
طϵɽͷӸӣ԰գⷽ棬ӦкܴƵġ
ȻǺ򲹵ģӦʱѾ̤˹쵼˵С
û뵽ʡЩ飬׾Ȼ㵽Ӧͷϣȷʵеǳ𾪡
ߣĻ飬֪ЩʲôĻĿ⣬ӦȻЩΪȻʹغһ
νŭӦȻܹߵֵزϵȻҲܹС֮䣬ȷʵ˸оܴѹ
ȻֻǱϵƵǰ̨ĴˣȴҲܹϣȷʵԼĶܹ֮˸ܵһ
ʵҲ֤ܹϯ̨ϵЩλÿһ˶Ԧĸ֡
Ӧ˵㲻֪ԼΪѾǴ˺ܴıҲ㸸״ܴš
󿡽ܵ;ǰǲģǾôһڣ˭һ£Ӧ˵Ż㣬Ҳ˵ôĹңͽڽʡ棬ÿ껼֢ɱɲֶֻ
Ӧ˵ⷬʱ򣬻˻ơ
ⷬҪ˵ûʲôѹҲǲܵġ
Ŀǰ֮ǰԤϣЩģӦĳ֣֪Ѿݱ䵽޷Ԥ⣬ڽʡ棬˭ܹѹסӦأ
һ룬ȻȫûĿԡ
ҶݣҲһЩĵ͵ҶϣǴʱͻȻȻܣ͵ٽ߶ȻʹԭĲ޷ٴȡðˡ
뵽ɵøеЩˣ֪ӣһЩͶ뵽ҶĻУЩͶδؾԸҶҵԿĻԼİȫ⵹˱ϡ
ֻôһĻķչɲˣҶҴеõ˺ôδؾܹԸô´Լĳˡ
ЩǵУͬһĴڣû˿ļֵ
黹Ǹ֮ǰԤһЩ롣
ǷǰŽʡ߶ǵ˾ǳȻǣǱȽǿƣҲƹǺʡֱӾͰһûҲû
ھͲͬˣӦͻȻٽأҪģôҪֵĻõһ治Ҫ̫ɣ˼ȫϾʡǵǰҲҪָġ
ǵλĲͬɵģӦơ
οӦĻ棬ɱ
󿡽ȻֻǲȴҲʡֿȵȻеû¶ʲô֢ȥɱģӦֵĻǿɾ˵ˡ
вǳв
˵˵ɡӦıԵĹٳԹɫĹѾ¯࣬ȻܹɫϣѾЩҡˣʱ˿̣Ȼǽʱ
Ա߶һҲ˵Ҫƣί˻ᣬҪڤ粻飬ǾҪӦĺ
ȻˣҲһ߶Ȱ㻹ǰ⽻ɣܲҲǣȥɣ쵽زҲô
ʵϣڸżһЩ
ڽʡķȽ϶࣬һʱ֮ҪĨƽӰĻͱһα¶⾿ж٣ˣҴ֮оͺԵķӦ
ϾͷҶҵǲװƽġ
ӦˣҲԼܹסҶ
ҶȻᣬȴоֵĸֳݾӦˣҲ÷ǳͷۣҪ֪൱ױĸͳ죬ίδʩӰ죬͸򲹵ľίˡ
ҪҶץ˰ѱһεͺ


1152 ը
ЩҡϾӦĴ֮ǰĲȷʵںܴĲ࣬Ҳû뵽Էͷô󣬾Ȼ˺򲹾ί档
Ļһνʡ飬ҪϢˡ
ǴӴǴӽʡȶֻᵽ˶ԲǣӦ߸߼ĹԱĻ϶µľɺܴı
Ҫ֪ϳ¼ұʱҲǾ˼İĽȽ֮󣬲Ҷҵƶ£ٳ˴ʱ
ڴѶܱ߱Ƚƽȵ£Ҫһ򲹾ίʵ顣
ҶңҲδؾܹɵôһ粨
ϾӦֻվ̨ǰǰȥĻϵȻǴڵģȻǿģǲưոݵĻôҪһȷѪˡ
Ǹ˾͵ϸһ£Ƿܹӵӡ
Ӧɫı仯֪ԼĻѾãԳȻ˵С㿪ʮ֮ڣҪϸ
˵⻰֮Ӧͱ뿪˷䡣
λװҲӦˣֻɫأȥ͸¶һɱ֮ĺӣڷ棬ϳȻ
ĻᣬҲ붯֡Ȼ˵
ӳȻ棬ҪΣƣҲɲˡ
Ͼ鲻ŪĻӦ߶϶ҪºֵģⲻˣȻȻߣҲûеȥһλ򲹾ίĻ
οһε֮׳¸ܹܲأҪӦǷԸ˵С
̧ͷƺڿ顣
ʱһƬĬ֮УȻ洫һ󼱴ٵĽкƺڱǱ߶ʲô״
ţȻЩɵվſڵķ߹ȥ
ʲô飿ӦľҲ˹ȥ
˴˽ڱ
Ҷڽӽٽ֮ǰѾ˻صƽͼʼоʲôλý롣
Ϊβƻרҵʿ͸ʾⷽ涼ǷǳоģǱͳھУԶЩҲǱȽϤġ
Ȼ½𣬵ΪҶĻϻͬнΪĺЩǵǰʲô̫ӵ顣
Ҷȡϵ֮ܿͽٽصϸظҶṩһϡ
ϻҲΪٽƹһЩԶ߶飬ǱȽģٽصܽṹͼֽ
ǻǷֳжһӵ룬ڻңԷߣһͬңͨ룬ֱӽصָӲһܻ񡣡ҶǦͼֽ滮˼˸Ե
㻹ǴˣΣжɲʺԲ롣ҶľǺͬ
ΪֱӶҶİȫľͷĿ֪Ҷİȫ⣬ԶһС
ϵжΣϵǷǳģȲ˵Էжֻ˵ٽصİȫǰʦŵģǰսʱ׼ģԲǰЩ
ϾΪغһĺֽӻأٽ߶ԳƵǰߣǷǳְġ
ͲִˡҶһֵ̬Ҳǳҵ쵼㶼Ѿ£ǽȥĻסǣǱġ
ҶһͿǹ飬߶ļȽϸߣƢ൱𱬵ģȻоֵӣʵֻԼ˽ҪѹסЩƦǣȻܡ
ԣҲֻԼվпܽЩ˸ѹס
ҶҲúһεĽʡ߶¸ɲļ𶼱ȽϸߣطԱ֮໥ᣬǷǳе飬ڿ漰һĺ˽£Ҫ˵Ļûиĺ֣Ҳܡ
ⷽĿǣҶ֪Լȫ̲룬ܽá
οӳȻ˽ߣٽ߶ҶֱΪ߶϶иڣĻȻȫûбҪôһ١
ҶѾ˵飬ҲģҲֻ֮֮֪ҶҲǹãǲΪġ
֮ͣҲ͵ٽΧ
ǲûӲӪֱҵһͨڡ
ڣҲûм֪ʾһķϵլеڴӲ֮󣬾Щп˵
ǿ϶ģͨ϶޽صʱŪģʱˣ˼ǵˣٻ󲿷쵼㶼֪¶Ҷͷ϶ϾƽվãҲݬ룬ֻܶʣ׬ǮˣսӦѾûжְҵˡ
ЩҲǵͷǡ
ΪӾ߳мǺھڵһЩ׶ˣôãܶ鶼Ȧ˸е磬ֻҪŤת棬һܹ쵽ġ
˽ڴ֮󣬽ЩբŸ˿¶һͨ
Щģͨͨ豸Ȼתš
ЩӦֱԴϵģתʮˡһ£жϡ
ҲãǲҪĻпȱˡҶ˵ͷʾҽȥ
һ˵ڷյĵͨȱǺձ飬ҲһЩжк壬ȻǷǳΣյġ
սͨȻҪȫö࣬ټʱȣҶҲ˲̫飬ֻǷԸСһЩһʲô⣬ƿҲ֧һӵġ
ͨİٶ׳ӣлһЩת۵·µͨƳףȴǺƣÿһζ۵ͨ󲿷ֵ豸תţֻЩ豸ѾˣȷʵǺܾöû˹ά߶豸
һķ飬ͨ߳ϱȽ϶࣬һ·ͷɱذ׿ߵԴ˵ʲôģȴûˣϾûʲôɱ
ٶ׵ͨûл̫ʱ䡣
һصķųҶǰóȴǴڲģҶģֻһȹĴţԼעĺɫͺɫΣձ־
ô죿һͷʹˣҪŴ򿪣Ǻܶģ˵˵опͻظ֣ҲʹˮŸʴȻ򿪣ϧʱȣûʲôߡ
ҶһۺʵĴţֿ˿ΧĻԼΧĽṹ֪ʱҴǾ͹ϵ˾ըҩװϣը


1153 ѹܴ
ըҩװϣը
ҶľҲԭġ
ʱ֮Ҫ򿪴ţ϶ûʲôİ취ˣһεжǷǳȵģһ¶ĻҪ֤ûˣҪҿʡ̰Ŷֱ˻һŶ
£ҶǱѡġ
Ȼܻᾪ˻ˣûзǰ£ԷδؾܹɵжϣʶѾǵĸء
ӸۺϺ֮ҶùըŲѡ
֮һ죬ŵλϣһ󶴡
ɢȥͽŸ򿪣Ȼȳ˽ȥ
ץʱ䣡ҶԸץڣΣվͲҪ˼ˣ
Ȼ˵ҶҲ϶дģԼİȫҪģûбҪΪץҪͺԼİȫ
˵ͷץųǹͳ˽ȥ
ŵĺ棬ͨ˴ͨӸϾͿԿѾָӲĵˣֻҪ⼸ȴţܹﵽָӲλá
ҶĿһɨһλãҲŸʾ˳ȥ
ΪλõǺԵģѶҡ
ϵĳȻˣȻǱղŵ𶯸һ
˴˻أŪڱ׷ŵضž͸е³𶯣¡¡𶯣ͺ˵һ
ˣȻûо飬Щ̵˵
Ȼֺǰ󲿷˵ķӦһģҪҸȫĵطӳȥ
ȻĶǱ˵Ķ죬ӷܳʱ򣬼Ҳ׷˳ûй˵ϱɵ
ʱ쵼ķԸҲǺܳˣԼСҪġ
ܵ¥棬Ǿͷͷ
Ӧòǵ𣡡˵ŵ̵ζըҩɵģ
ըҩȻˣʱЩľ
ҲˣҪ鷳һЩ
ڻ棬Ӧ˵ǱȽϰȫģǾȻ˴ը˵Էͷ϶Ǻ͵ģڴĵϸ¶ģԲС
ǻûзӦͿ˼˴Ӷ˹
˫ֱͷſ£ǹǹھֱǣһв
Ȼ˫һ̾˵ϡ
ķӦǲ־ҪԼǹϧǵǹǹûаγͱļŵڵأʧȥս
ʡӵʾһ䣬ȻһŽǰ߿ͳ嵽˳Ȼǰ
ҶҲųǹͿڵϵĳȻ
ʱ򣬸ǹ˷ȻҶѾľչȫ潻档
ҶʳȻ
ҶһжҪĿֻ꣬ƽ£һεжǳɹ˵Ļ͵Ϯ»ص͹һġ
Ȼ˵ҶȨ죬һ漰˾飬漰ϷϵһЩ˽Ҳô׾ܹѹȥġ
飬ӱȽӽ֮ǰвɽͷĴҰսĸɽͷϵݺᣬ˵涼Щʲôϵ
񾭹˰͵ķչ֮Ĵ˵͸ͷչѾʹþӳһǳ漯塣
һȻžȻǽͬ־ϵһ֣ҲֻܹԼӰӰһ˶ѣ飬ǵڲĴЭ
ȻˣҶȻھί˵λϣҲδؾܹеϾĹϵӣ飬ҲǹʱŻС
ռ˴ֵ£黹˵һЩԼûȨôһεͻñȽ鷳ˣҶ˿Էκε
ʣ뷨϶ǱȽģֻҪǳ֣Ͳܲκκۼ
ڡڡ桭ȻŵòᣬۿԼǰǹȥȻǷǳг顣
ȻһӶѣʶĴ棬¾̱ˡ
ҶҲ˲ϳȻֱӾͳѶңͿ˱
һҶǷ˲١
٣飬ȻƲˣΪ¼ٽ߶Ҳ޷жΡ
ӴҶѾվ˴ϡ
Ҷ٣漰ʱҲǹûۿѪܵĳĴ̶̼ȾͲˣʱЦ˵һЩҾͶסˡ
Ӧǿѹ֮£֪Լûж̸еĵƣĿҪһЩ
ҶʱϵһЩ
ֻ̾͵ƾҶǼˣܹٽȫ
ӦĴڣȻڴٱܣȴܹٽص쵼ǣصΪЧ
ѹ֮£Ҷ⼸ǹͲġ
ûʲô¶ɣҶǺܹеһ䡣
ʵ飬ҶԼҲеܲΪȻģһͰ˵ĻҲûôˡ
˵ûٽصôһ֣϶Ҳûа취ʡ߶ûп˳ϵֽ߶
Ͼ漰⣬һǷǳصģвԸȥ϶ǱŶһ²һ£»СС»˵̬ȡ
û¶ֻǡҶ˵Ӧ
Ӧ˭Ҷˣһʱ֮䲢ûзӦ
ȫ£Ӧ˺ܶ࣬ûһҲаǧҶ֣ûʲôо
򲹾ίӦҶһãȻͽһһĻʡ飬ƸзǳܵĹϵ
˵ίȻ˴£ҶŷӦɵЩ
Ȼ˵ҶƽʱĵǱȽģͻȻһ򲹾ίŵǰҪԷֱ棬ѹǷǳġ
ǰҶȻҲίгίضŹǶڻ鵱УҵݶǷͬСɵ֣¶˵¶Ƕ߶ԴҲͬε֣ʲôѹ
һΣԼֱһ򲹾ίô˵˼ҲǿԳǹ쵼˵Ĵˣȫһġ
ѹܴѽ
Ҷĥһ£Ҳеͷ
Ȼ˵оٽֳݣƺԲӦָǻ˵ҪӦȡʲô˴ʩĻҲкܴյģϾ˼ҵݲͬˡ
ҪôĻҪеǳصεġ
ˣҶҲһ㣬ӦֻøԴ
ܳˣҶ뵽⣬ɵ÷ݵ
򲹾ίˣν·ʤֵزҲֻӲͷƤȥˣԼҪĻôǾ͸ûеˡ
Ϊɽܲ﹦һ


1154 һս
Ŵ򹷣
ҶͨеĹؽڣ̾˾
Ӧڳʲôϵأ
Ҫ˵Ǻ¶˵Ļ»ӦҪҶһЩϾΪһ򲹾ίƽ׳ٽ߶ܲʲô顣
˺򲹾ίȷʵλȨأ˽ܵ˾ĵ̶ϣһЩ岻飬ҪǱͱûӦ֮ء
Ȩ˭ȥģȦĹϷǶһ·ӵطԱһȽϽɵĺߡ
ǸҶҿǲͬҶұ̥ھؽնϸϵǧ˿ƹϵˣҶүӴ֮ҲǰľɲˣҪһ̬
ϾûǸλߣԸ˸üȥвԼȨġ
ȻˣҶһһλүӣȴʵʸίĴҪỹҶҶӽͶҶӳλʵȨ֧ҶҵľϵҶүҲãҶƽҲգȫûбҪȥ
ʲôʱ£ˣܹûԼֵܸӸɿġ
һȨⲻϡϡһŸӵܵȨȦӣµģΪˣҶҲܹΪʵĵһҡ
Ĵ棬ҲûеڶܹҶôţƵġ
ԣҶӦȻὫ档
ӦȻţƣϷϵĴȴҲûʵܹҶҵĸǼЩҲ
Ŵ򹷣Ҷ⻰Ǳһ
Ȼ˵֪ҶܴͷܴȴҲû뵽Ҷ򲹾ί档
ȴûаɵģ˵ĻǾǾȫûɵıҪ˵ǺڵģҲеġ
οǸҶʱˣ۽ҲͿ࣬򲹾ίȻﲻ٣Ҷȱľˡ
Ǽ˻˼ƣͿʼִҶٵһʱ֮ɢ˳ȥͨ˴ͨס
ǿӦ򲹾ί֮һǵ˵
򲹾ίȻţƣҪڷǰϸ򲹾ίҲֻһƨѡҶЩΪȻ˵
̫ҶЩͿˡ
˵ܹú򲹾ίһƨĴڣ治ʲôɣǾԵȨơ
ϣǶѹ磬ѹ˶磬е飬ǹҧһëѣ˭Ҳ˵˭ͱȱ˸߹󼸷֡
Ψһ̵ģ޷ǾȭͷӲƤӹڶѡ
ûộ˵ʲôٳǳ˵ΰˡ
˵֮䣬˼ҵǹųңͣЪ
ˣӦǵˡҶ͵ͷ˵ҲǲУץסһ㡣
ʵϣҶҲû뵽Ӧԭ뷨УܹɹȳǴĿ꣬ΧӦǡѡ
Ҷһȣӷ˳ȥ
һ£͸ĺ棬Ҳ˳ȥ
ոߵ棬Ϳߡ˾ʬ壬мδľˣѪܵһƬڵƹ£ԵЩֲ
Щ˵Уһλ˿ȥȽǱǹָţһ棬λϵӵĴ򲹾ίӦ
Ǻôĵӣ»ҲϮӦҶ˵·ֻɫغǳ
Ϊ򲹾ίӦҲԼϣ֪Լ˽ٷ˵УҲʲôõı¶
һԾֵܹģˣҲ첻λϡ
ίѵ治ϵңҶȴûĺǳ⣬ֻЦŷʵ
Ӧôһ˵еϸҶۣ;ô˵òȷʵЩ죬һˡ
Ҷ֮Ӧ׹ɵɫһ
ֲöԷĻôǿҪ˵оٽֳҶҶĻͱȽϺˡ
оֵȻǵطܹᲢ۵ģǸҶЩˣǾоݵͬʱҲҶһ֧˽װ
Ȼ˵嶼ԼЧңܹ˽Լ˹ŹٷݵģǾͲˣǹоֳԱݵģֻмΪ޵ļܹõ
ҶϼоٽֳݣҲûôܹ͸ʾˣͬʱӵоֵݡ
Ҫ֪ݲһ㱣ɡͬʱҲǶ˵Ҫ
ίϵóСҶЦЦ
ԭҶ٣ֲóôֻͣҶ٣ŪѪܵģͷҪνӦͷתһ߶ҶĿģһ߶ʵ
Ϊ򲹾ίӦмģĴɲ˵ץץģ˵ףѹ˭̷ܹ
Ƕλ֮ʧܵһûбץסѱĻҲܾһͿصġ
ĴǣԼ㣬ĻȻûܹǸµġ
ƾҶӦһ̫һЩ
ץףץס֮ҪôͲðˣӦıк֧ܶģӦһս
ӦõĵĲҶίӦϸһ룬ҪôֽΪʲôͻȻٽ߶ҶɲһˣӦҪסҲ׵飬֪ίǲûнٽصȨҲûжþȨ
Ӧˣɵüͷֱ壬û뵽Ҷǿú֪ơ
һˣ϶Ӧǿ϶ܾߵﶼһԾŶĴǺŪϰյС˵Զѡ
ֵزʵǶڽӾǳеģҲ˽ѣǱ˽ҷ˲õĴ¼
ӦһٽأȻΪ˴Ŀеõϸδѣʡʱû뵽ƫƫҶһε޷ȫˡ
Ȼ鴫ȥ֮󣬶ĵλǻɺܴӰģǽͬ־Ҳ鹫Ȼ
Ȩݲñ˺ҲֵģǸԭ⡣
˿Դԭ򣬵ԲӦ
ûʸ
ðɣҲó㲻óʲôϵأӦȻԼ飬¶һ˿Īѵã뿪ǣһ˶𣿡
ŶҶˣɵüëӦһƺһ˲˱仯ЩɽֹĸоˣҶȻȴҲЩΪʲôͻȻ֮ͱó˵
ѵ˵ӦĲһս


1155 ˲翿Լ
ҶкɣԱ߶ĸʾȴûʲôֱ˵һ˻һȺˣڱץУѵ㻹ָ˰ȳȥ
ˡӦһЦ
˵֮䣬һǽȻķѣʱҳ¶һδһǳɫ¿ˣȻӴ¶Ρ
ֻһ˾ߵӦԡ
˻ûüӦͷ׷ȥٿʱѾ׷ѪȻ˵ϳ˿
ֳʮˣȻûһܹлγǹ
վӦԣһĪƽزȻҶһǿѹ
֣
Բͨϵľи֣˫޵֣
ҶڴںԺʦֵµЩ˵ʱҲûô
ֻǲӦĸˣΪݻ
һ֧ϰ˵װó׼£пܽΧߣĻСռ棬һݣûʲôܹӦֶΡ
û¶ɣ˿ӦһۣЩеѯʵ
һЩ߾¶ˡӦһЦ֮Ƿ
ʱӦõǿԮҶ϶ʧȥս˵ʵһһ̷˸ԵŤתӦȻֶ
Ҷվƺڳ˼ʲôӦЩ˵Ҷ٣ǼȨΣ֪ٽϣǵһЩ
ҶˣھйȻֻ죬ھƺҲ棬ǵ˵طϣǵӰɾˡ
ҶүӹȻְǶڵطϵĿƾͲ֡
ҶҶƽȥ֮Щźת
ϾҶƽ鿪ʼҶطϿʼǵĻᡣ
ڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣҶһ޷ڶһǿϵӦŻᷢ˿ԣҶҷ档
ҶȻû˵ʲôֻüͷڿ飬ƺʲôѽһ㡣
ָϻֱӴɱ˾ǡǻЩΪȻ˵ٽǻˣس񼸸˻ǿԵġ
ôһڣȻٽѾ޷ȫˣͨ˽飬޷άȥˣҶٽʧ٣Ҳ֮֡
ȻˣҲֻг׷㡣
ѾӦҶˣȻûзŵĿܣҲֻп쵶ն飬ͳͳڲǡ
Ψˣܹס߶ܡ
˻˵ĻӦһ£Ȼڿ顣
Ȼ֪ܷŹҶҪҶҵĵŪҶҵȨƺͻ˵Ҳųǻŭ죬꼰㡣
ͷ߶棬һܵصʧ
飬еðˡ
֪ˣŵˡʱҶȻˣǻˣ۾˵
ţȻȭȭ̫ȭͬڼȭ֮У򷨶ֱֱ֮ߣ̫֮ж֮
ȭ̴ֱ֮սΪʺϣ޻֮з졣
սǧУҪתŲ֮زףֱֱֻ򣬴ߣƺ̣֮ƺƵ಻
ղŻ˴ʱ򣬺ֱײȻû̫Եʽ񲻿ɵȻûһ֮ʱҶһĥͿ˶Էĸס
мΣЩ⣬ȻҶˣܹ
ԣҶϳĸףأ
ѵѷɵҶܹӳ죬ȻҵϳŸΪɣ
˲ɵЦЦЩΪȻ
ҶתӦ˵ίڵΪѾһ߼ɲӦеķΧ¶һֻ㱨
ԲѡӦʱЩмˣ㵹лߵ˵
Ӧ໥飬ɴС˵Ĺ֮ߣе˵ˡ
䷸Ϊ͢ݣǻǴڣҲӦñйزƿԲɢ䣬شʧ
ӦΪĴıȨᵳӪ˽ͬʱ˽֣е⣬Ȼͺܴˡ
һҶϱȷʵӦ֮֡
ͬӦ˵Ҷڻ˵Ŀ֮УôлὫȥأ
﷢һУѾȥˡҶһԼڴ泶һӵ档
ǶȥҲ͸һԴĴС࣬һС״ߣȻҶװڿڴġ
ܲζװӶ˹Ǳ߶ġҶ˵ֶĺôǿϢ֮䣬ֳΧʮһ˿¼Ȼ󴫲ȥȻղŵ飬Ѿȫˡ
Ӧˣɵüͷ
ܲζʲôطӦȻȫƿҶе鱨ţȨ֮󣬼طΧ֮㣬˿ɼ
һ鱻Ǹ֪ɱҶΣ
Ӧʧȥ̳չĸ˼ҪɱֻǷַӵ顣
Ӧ˶һۣôºȽء
Բѣ˺һٽ߶ߵװãֻߵ绰ܹóȥ浱Ƕòɣ
ҶеĶ˵˾һߵͨѶ豸ƺǵģⶫȷʵǷ㣬ǹ׻ߵ繤ġ
ٽ棬ͬ˵ܹߵε豸Ҷĸղź׳һЦѣβܽϢݳȥ
㵹ǲϵҶǻһۣЩ˵
ϰ֮δؾͺƭ˲мǱʮ꣬Ϊ£ҲζѣҪɽɫ̫ʱ򣬲ǳ⡣ΪĿ꣬Ƿȥ˽һ´ƣѧϰһִƼҲʲô򡣡
ðɣƭ㡣Ҷν̯̯˫ֵԭΪһĽѧ֮ˣӦǿƼäû뵽ܹʱȴЩѵˡ
ҶͻӦʲôǰ;ܹһҶܸĶࡣ
Ӧˣɫ࣬ȴû뵽Ҷ棬Ȼʼ߷ˡ
ҶóѵĻӦ³ǡ
̫ˡ˿ҶЦЦܸҶҺҲѵų֡
ǵеźˡҶƺЩźƲƲ죬Щп˵ϻ˵öԣ˲翿


1156 ¶ſ˸ͷ
˲翿
⻰һû˵ֻ˵ʱƺЩԡ
˲翿⻰١ӦƳҶһ۵ֻʱǿ춼ˡ
˫ֱأ۾Ҷ
ν̫ʮ겻ţһˣȭͽֱֱȥҲͬһޱȡ
ǻĿɱܰͨ˸򣬸Ҫ˵ȫѹϱһˡ
Ӧû˵ʲôֻе˼ȷ
Ҷ
ֻҶˣܹ鳹Ļٶ࣬Ҳܹìܸ⡣
˲еȭͷһ˲¶˳ͬҰţһ㣬ֱֱسײ
ƥһǰ
Ӧ۾˽˵ʵȻڻ˵ȫײ֮£Ҷ϶ֻһ³ǾǻһŶѪò
飬ܹһ˽ˡ
ɱţ
ǻԺһ뷨ԼɱɱҶʵǴСˡ
̾ͿһƬɫĹâԼǰͬһ㣬âɣ
СӲصùЩ˼ؿŵԼǰһֻƣ̧ͷҶһۣʲô򣿡
ˣôϻҶΪȻὫ˻ƵľǴûгֹһ㡣
һˣȻѾ֮⡣
ǧ˵ͫһû뵽ԼȻ˵ϣ˴˵еϳѧ
Ż˵ͿʼɢԴһҲûϢ
ʱѾָһЩӵǿ֧ǰΣЩŵʵ٣ˣ
Ӧ˰ɡҶЩȷ˵ĿܿתԱ߶ɪɪ³һ̯ˮյӦϣί㻹ʲôУһʹ˳ɣҲʡҶĳϹ¡
ȻɱӦͰ͵ؿҶ˵֪˭
ҹ˭ûзȨġҶ˵ί˼ңҪúһˣһθַ潻⡣ţ룬Ǳ߶ӦѾը˹ϧֻһ򲹾ίˡ
Ҷ˼Ӧ׵ġ
һίǳ⣬϶ǻڶģǱĸλҲ򲹾ίǵ죬ϾһίҲź
ϧӦֻһ򲹾ίǵȥҲ޷һ˶ѣȴܹڳλ˵ݲ
ΣӦҲһƳĴˣĵ£϶һķ粨֮ģĴǹལԼԽʡ߶ľƵȫıԱ仯
⣬ҪһĽͣ˵ӦΪʲôӺ򲹾ίλ߻ҪͺһЩ仯ЩҪֵЩͷʹ顣
ȻˣҶҲ˵˵ѣЩ飬岻֡
棬ǹɱ
ʱ˻϶ָж
ȻҲûܹһǲִ֮ĳ֣ǻ˵ҪѨʧȥжʱ˾һϢûʲôˡ
һﵽûУʾЩɵؿǴͷվڵеĻ˵
Ȼˡһ
Ȼˣһִ𣬾ȻվУҲһ׮¶
˿ɾûģһȥһ£ĸߴĻ˾ֱͦͦȥڳˮϣһػҳ
˹ЮӦͨ뿪
ֻԶƻͨȴǻص˷˲ףѾʼָӲǱ߶˶ȥ
˵ز˾Ҷͷһ۵
Ǵ߶뿪ϳʮ֮󣬾ǰӦȻǺһ֧ӣȻҶҲûֱͣӾ˾ԶԶ뿪½أֱ򱱷
ڶʱҶ־
ţǷ˶ڽ־һȺǵ£ʼһɨ
Ϊ˵Ҷʱһģ
֮󣬳˸ڻ㱨һһε֮⣬Լ˯һ
֮󣬾ؾӵĽˣ˵࣬˰ͷŰھǵľйѯζʱ棬ʲô顣
ûʲô̫飬ղү˻֮ȥүһ˶Ҳôżش
Ҷ˵ͷͷࡣ
ɽׯƺȻһƵӣֻſȻǳˮ
Ҷʱ򣬾ȻҲͣĵط
Ȱѳһ߶ȥҶ˾һȻ
Ҷң·ͲҪš
Ҳϵ֮ʺôкֱӰ˽ȥΧڵȴĿЩȡ
Щ˶үӵģҶЩ
Ҳδãġش
Ҷ˵ͷ˵
ʵϣүѸߣȻкãǻַ飬Ȼɶô긻ǿ˳ɣȻͳ˳ϳһ˴졣
˵ɱǽڽǿˣ⿿ϳҼ̳˵ݣԽүӵľɲһγһ
еʱֶĲǹ⿿һݾܹģѪͳҲҪ
ЩڹҰ漮Ȧ棬ȴһĺ
Ҷ߽֮󣬾Ϳ˱˴ӵڵе˳ɡ
ҶˡЦЦү¥أҲڡ
Ҷ˵ͷɾ͸ȻҶ¥
ôͰӦˣ¥ϵʵ
ѡҶһ
˵治ԤıģΪȻȥץӦĻҶӦľûĻᡣ
ǰͷҶҲ֪Ӧ˽ʡ飬һС
¥ϵķ䣬ȻͿųүӿӡ
˳үӵĺ֮ҶŽһε飬ԼԶǵίУȥʡҪծ˳Է˽飬˳ʡ˾ɾٵٽأڶץĻӦ˼򵥵˵˵
Ҳ̫Σˣгڻôɣ֮󣬾еĵ̫֣Ժ黹ٲΪá
֮ǰҲû뵽Ȼ˸ӣȻһ򲹾ίǣȥˡҶЩп˵ӦҲǵӹģȨط˽֣˼Ͳˡ
ŵĸְү֮Դĥһ£Ȼ˵Ҫ˻һЩ¶ſ˸ͷ
ڳүⷬҶǷǳͬġ
ӦץˣǶԴһںͷʹģܹӦ֮ԷҲڶæһӡ


1157 ס°
éˣ
ôܣ
ǵһլ֮Уİ
éȭʮ꣬ɳƵǴ˵֣һ֮ţ۵Ѿʽ΢£ܹϳŵùʮеˣҲǷëǡ
ȥҶǼģź˵̫࣬һЩҲ¶ͷ⼸źһЩ
ֻéԱȽ̵͵˱֮УһӦЧڹȦãҲ
ЩܹĨɱéǿʵȷʵһλĹ֡
Ǿһλ֣Ȼˣܲľ
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˺éʵʮоֵѹͲܶùéȻ˵ǹֶβǶѾéĹ֣ûսʤĿԡ
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Ĵԣʧȥһʦʧȥһ򲹾ίĴˣʵ϶һЩӰģҲھ˽ǣϾ̸ڵĴֶǻһЩ
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ֲΣ˭ķĴˣĻ˭ڳЩͬͺͷϵʭӣŵġ
éȻǸ¼Ҳ뵽ǣӦ飬ȴ𣬳һİ
ܹԼ˵ݲȥȱȴҲҪʱԴģ˵Ͼϡ
м䣬Ҳⲻᷢʲô⣬һЩͻ飬ǵĲ
һһȻȥ಻󣬿ǺɵЧȴǽȻͬġ
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ҶұϾǺ󱲾ϣҪҲҪһ¶ֵķϰʮͷӼָͷȵéòףưոݣǵŻи֣һͶȥ϶ҧ󣬾ҶСڶ໤ֵܵסڶ֣
ͷӵ˼˵浹Ҳܹ⡣
ҶȻǳţǴֻ¹󣬵̲ܹ֮еЩᲢۡ
űģǿʱһнڣҲǲ˵ҪЩгίίԱίԱǣһίٽڣҲ㹻
ܹĳЩط۸һ£ǾԲº֣ǵҲǳеѹ̡
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ҶȨ£Ҳܸô˶Ÿɡ
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ǷڵطϵҲˣǻƴһҲƲķǵطѹһ£һý壬¶ǹȥˡ
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Ƕǹ֮˹ʹעô¶Ͳˣ߲ҲװƣǵҼԴƽϢۡ
ɱҶСȻܽͷ֮ޣβӦ뿪ȱڣҪġ⣬˵ӦŪô©˷ôķ֣ĵ
ǶԣӦֻһ˶ѣԺչúˣܹгίУòҵͶʾǳɹˣǽ֣ΪǶʮȨ֮һҲǺܲĽ
ڣӦƫƫ淭˴ŪŴңʧ˷磬ͺŭˡ
ЩˣŶӦɱģǳ²డ˵Ĵơ
ӦǸ򲹾ίҪݲһȥ¡ͷӶڴҲǷǳĵģ˵ڽ߶ǵĴͳΧӦȥˣӰҲָĻĲҪλֵǴкҾȥݷãȡö
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˷׷׸ͣͷӰٰС
ʵҲˣС棬λͷʵĹְȻߣ޷ǾһίݣǹϵȴǱȽϳɹģܹ˵ϻĴܶ࣬Сĺġ
Ӧ¶֮⣬ûܹ֡
ôˡͷһԾŶ
ӦȻѾŸոտʼүɳ棬ϻ͵͵ȴܹļһ򲹾ίݣҪȥأҶӣҲǸίѣһ֪һεжô˺ˡ
ҵأǸͲܡһЦ
ѡڽҵڷչ֮󣬻ϾȷίֹĽܸһˡ
ϳҵ뷨ȻЩͬģүȻ̳Ԫϼ𣬾ķ࣬Ȼ֪άһȥķδֻӳиҵһ·
ڵķչйоأλҪȴֲ漰е£ټϳүӵӣҪݼҵάȥѶǸһչΪڽļ֮ףҲʲô¶
ҶԳүӵĻΪȻʵҲһ㣬ֻӦ飬ȷʵе⡣
ҶԸֱУȻܿӦʹùĵ뷨Ҫ˵Ӧ£ѾǷͷϵĶͷˡ
˵ҶҲһЩ˸ǰǲΥ˵ĻԭӦֳ棬ΪԼǶʱ֮Բܹ׵Ķ
һӣ̸̸Ĺʾơʲôģֽ˽һЩ±仯ͽ⣬е˼
Ҷ֧£̽緢չ൱ʱ棬Ҳⲻ̸ⷽĻ⣬Ҷ㣬ǳ
үеˣס۾Ҷʹˡ
үӺȻ۾Щͻأ˵һ䣬ס°ɡ


1158 ɱ
ţҶˣϰԵӦžͷӦ˹ɵþЩˡ
ɺͳ游ŮҲЩ죬֪үӾʲô˼
һԣֺŴլһЩĽǱȽӵģҶͳ֮Ѿ˻飬٣Ǿôڼ棬ƺҲһЩ׵
ʱΣǵǻ˼棬ӦиصģĻ˿ˣܻ˵һЩл
ϳҺҶȻҲԸ⾭ҥ棬˷顣
ƽʱҶ϶ǴһӾˣүҹϡ顣
ǸˣһҲ֪ˣҵһ߳ŭ㲻ү۾Ҷ˵ôЩ꣬϶ҲһЩС
ţҶһ£ȷʵûжӡ
ڵĴʵ̫ˣǴӽ֮ǰڣһķԼǵѡһӦһȽϾ˵֡
ȻƽʱδؾܹĲһʲô飬ǵЩ˵ͷϣܹԼĹϵĹܴ鷳Ҳǹ顣
ҶļʶǶεһЩҪ쵼ӡ󣬻оǶԹȥһЩԼǵҪӡģǲô顣
̫壬ʱĺίϧô꣬һֱûвȥֱҲֻǺ򲹵ġʱɶЩ˽һЩһԶҶ͵
û˵ˡҶҡҡͷʾãȻ֪
ȻۣôҲһ¶첻ˣҪϺȻûģ۶ȽСرү˵ӦǷģһ㣬ĸίĺ򲹾ίõˣƴŹ֡
棬ķҶһ㣬Ǿúν
ɶүӵ˵Ҳô⣬ϾǾǣ֮ز٣жģȴûмҪ˵ʡһЩ״ǿģھһ˻û
֮СһЩǡүȻ⣬Ҳûоž͸ҶҶҵΣһҶľӦˡ
Ҫ˵Ҷݣ̹˵׶ըãػǹɨҲܿһӡ
Ҷڳү˵飬еӵģϾܹƿĸίѾ˵λŵСҪ֪ȫҲٶίѣοһ򲹾ίֻãҶŪˡ
Ҳֻĳߣ
ҶӳҴլ뿪֮滹мصĿˣǲЩĵӣǽûлᣬһĻܹһ
һ·ɽ˳
·ûжٳֻżҹɽ棬ӳܹóЩסɽϱûһǼ֮
һҲүӶסɽϣôȻǴٹǾۼķˮأνް׶һûġ
ӿɽ֮·һƬֵʱ򣬾ͳһ⡣
ǰ˻ɫߣоʾ־
Լߡ˸Ǳ߶æµţʩŴ
Ҷǰѳȥһ£֪ǰ·ݣӹȥˣֻһζ·ȻһУҪһҵС·
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·޺õĻҲҪȵСʱԺˡʩԱ˵
˵ʵ·ݣСʱ޺õĻǷǳʱˣҲΪɽɽ·ϵܶĳзѡ
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С·ǰߣǿ쵽յʱ򣬾ͷֳ⡣
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кüٶֵʯǰͷҲûʲôƢˡ
ⶼʲô¶ͷȥˡʾɧҲ֪·ǸʲôԵģȻֳô鷳
Ȼ˵ͷȥףǱ߶·Ҫ޺õĻҲСʱ⻹ǸղЩû˵ѵǰ¡
ǾͻȥɡҶҲûʲôð취ǽγǷɻһСʯͷɽֻܻͷ
֪ĻϻڳҴլأڼȻѾˣȻûʲôñԹˡ
ӵͷؿԼĪһͷˡ
·Ϻ˺ϱֵĴ֦֦辵סȥ·
䡣Ը
˶Ϲӣ̶̵ļ棬ļһﶼͳˣʾѾѻǹˣ׼棬ҹɫ˸Ĺ⡣
ֻ·ϳ˴·֪˿Ϊ֮ǶλãҲʮԶȻγɵĸﲻ̶ȡ
죬ҷͷȥ˼ƣ˷Ը
ʱڳĻǿɾ̫ĿİӣԷȻһһ׼׼ģڳǱȽ޴
Ȼ˵ҶĳӱȽϽʵҲȲ̹˵װ׺ʵ
ѣⵯҶ
ֺڵϹĵطΧ֣㲻õĻȥҲǱ˵İӡ
˻⣬īϣȻԱ߶ĳһЩʮѣⵯ˷˳ȥ
ʮѣⵯɵЧǷǳԵġ
ΧҫĿĹâÿʱʧУȷʵҲİ׹УΧһЩӰζ
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ֻǱǵѣⵯ̼֮Щ۾ȻǲǾˣͻȻĴ̼֮£Щʧˡ
ᣬ˾ͳ˳ȥһ飬ΪǹͿʼռΣղŵµŴûгΪʱǱƾ̡
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˶мңʱ뿪˳ӣһӹȥܴЩλҪĵطʱܹе춯죬Ҳǹĺ
žžԷҲǹúܣؾʹõͨ΢壬Ҷǵǰûʲôơ
ȻҶҲƣЯĵҩ࣬Էбڶ࣬һǺĹӵԷɾռϷ硣
ʱҶע⵽Էƺм˿ʼжˡ
⼸˵ֺܸߣȻܹǹֵгɱûܵˡ
֣˵涼е𺳣˵鷳ˡ


1159 ޿֮
ҶСӺڣ⼸˸ȵ
ҹƧ֮У⼸ʮԵøͻأһЩ𶯵ҶƺһЩ춯Ҫ˵ղžͱǹķѾڤڤ
һǹǹ𣬶ԷȻ޷ӦֻһץȻӵڵϡ
ô˿ˣɵĵ׾
ҵô꣬ûпôû뵽⼸˳ֿȭȻӵϲӬһ򵥡
ʵǲ֪ҪôźãԼ߶ҲûЯҾܽǹеЧ£û̫õӦԷ
ԷˣһȥʹʮӣŸé棬ͬܵéһéڵĵϵˣҲеĴŸ֡
ԴӵǱ֮󣬾ͳø֡
ֻô϶ѵ˲ţԳֵĻĲ࣬ܵܰŵҪ󣬳˻򲹾ίӦһéҵơ
ϾֽʿʵȻǿȴΪͳȨݣܹõĳЩıӻȷʵǴǡ
é汾˾Ļ󣬳˽ڵ֮⣬ǹűȽеʱ⣬Ҳ⣬£ȭȻͻƣ͵һĵܵéڣҲԶԶĶ֡
ͻȻ˵Ӧ¶ܵéòףѾʮé棬ȻǶ֮𣬴˴ίնɱҶˣȴǺܺ˼
ҶֹӵܣӴéûȥǵģǴʱųȴ׳ġ
ڴҶһ£ƴľ˭ȭͷһЩˡ
˵ȭͷé滹ǺĵģЩҲǰ׻ģһĹѾΪһ壬Щ˼ı仯˵ڼҲǲס
éǰҶǼλҲСéеľӢһȥéᲢۡ
˳֮󣬳еվ˾öԷһѹܴǵг˻㱵ĸо
£Ҳ׿ǹˣЩ˲ӵһ㣬ʲôƷ̼ǣ鷳顣
Ҫ֪Ҷڳ棬иʲô⣬治ýġ
˼ԥʱҶ촰شˣžͿҶƮƮĴ촰ð˳һѹӢڷҡڣ
˲ûע⵽Ҷ߶״é˾ͱɫ
ȻҲ˵ΪʲôҶղŵĳʽȷʵ˾棬ȥ˿Ҳ豸ԼƮġ
ʲôˣȻ·٣ҶڳӵĶ棬ʵѵ֪оֵĳҪ֮ǣ
оֵˣéˣɫʱЩ仯ǹʱֻ˵ҶǾкӵܣȴûноֵٽֳ
о֣é˻Щ˽ģȻ˵ԳһɣֻΪŷ񣬵ǶڹٳϵһЩ飬ȱ֪١
ֻ8341Ӹװȷʵŷɥ˵ǵ־֧̥һЩ죬ʾ͵ͬڴˡ
ԭûԸǡ
оֵˣéֹһҲеԥϾһʱˬҪǵȫһ᳡ĻǾͲֵˡ
Ϊ֪ʱӦѾУԵʱéôģֱҲ㲻éҪĻΨһİ취ǽʱڳ˶ɱ⣬ڿҶоֵݣ͹ͷˡ
Ҳˣɱ˵
֣éһȳ˹
Ȼ˵éȭѾͻƣĸ;ͷȴǲ۲۵ģֻһȣͻɽһƥ
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£𲻵ʲôãǾǹҲסé漱Ρ
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٣͸ʾ˴󾪡
éĹ֮£ܹǵҪæéٶʵûһҶ͸ˡ
ҲӦ˾ʹˡ
⼸ȻéôһҲϳˣ˴ʱҲ˲ʲôԼӵǹƳɱɨȥֻǷסǰıؾ֮·ֻΪǲýǰ
ǶԷʵ̫ˣڹﵽһ̶֮ķӦԶǹеķӦҪ죬Ҫ˵ǹеҪĲٿء
Է׷Уе˳ȥеѪأ˲ʧȥս
˻֮ǰͷҶǱ߶һۣͿéһȭҶ壬ǰһڣͻ˹ȥ
ͬ־Ѿע񣬵Ӵޱȣǧͷ۸ӣܶ෽ⶼҪĹȻǳࡣ
ϽӴһСԪָ֮гί˸ͷһũҵ⣬ڸճһҹ˯ͽӵ˽㱨
ʲôô飿ͬ־˴רߴܱ֮վȻǼΪ𾪣̫ôôĵӣ
ͨϢͬ־֪̫ȥϮɱҶ˵뵽˷ǳָ֣ڱصõľġ
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̫ˣͬ־֪һЩģһˣ֮ǰȻкܶᣬһֱûлȥ֮ǰֹںί
˵лһģ֮ûгɹΪ¶滹кܶ಻ġ
̫һҲˣȻôֱҲ֪˵ǵ죬϶ΪˣҪǸͷʹĻһ֡
ϾҶиʲô̵ģҶưոݣ
ۿôһ籩Ҫӿͬ־ﻹа˯˼
ǶʲôֶΣҲܽôһҪǱ֤Ҷȫͬ־ڵ绰˵
éŶǸ֣ǵδǶ绰ҲеգһֻԾܰȫӰ죬Ҳ޷֤һܹҶİȫ
é˻ûʲôвǶĻϾǲֵҵĴģɱôҶİȫҲ޷֤޷ﵽͬ־Ҫ
⣬ȷʵûʲôĺð취
оֲи𣿡ͬ־ü취
оǱ߶ʦ뿪֮󣬿ûʲôõöĸˡԷҲǺεرʾ
ѵǾûп֮ˣͬ־Щջغǳ


1160 һ
ѵǾûп֮ˣͬ־Щջغǳ
Է޻˵Ȼȷʵ˿á
ʵҲһε飬Ϊһ֣ͬ־ܹøװȴ޷ӵһλѹȫĸ
ԴоֵĻʦ뿪֮оûпѹסӵ
Ϊ̳һ·߹Ľͬ־Щçǣû̫ĽҲûʲôŵùĿ֮ţҪ˵ܹʤùéֵܵĸ֡
ôȥҲֹ飡ͬ־Ͼǽͬ־¾˾
éֵȷʵǸ֣éҲȷʵӵкܶǿƵ֮Ƿ񻹸һУǾͺ˵ˡ
ܹɱҶǺ뱲Ӳ
ټéҪţӴ˾Ͷ˴
ĺééŵˣ᲻ؿǡ
ܵ˺ܲҶи̣Ҷһŭһַéš
éǹٸߣ²˵ȴδؾ͸ðķա
ǡȻܺõ˽ͬ־ľ̾ʹӦ
䷸Ǹٸˣûк³ģéܹеĹϵȷѡ
ͬ־˾֮󣬿ʼĥ顣
ǵӰܻǳ󣬶ҶȫҲδؾܹ׼ͲͨҶүӵĵ绰
Ҷϣм顭ͬ־ԼյϢҶүӽһ飬ҸղһõϢ͸Ͻȥˣϣû¶
д£Ҫʲô𣿣ҶүˣʱЩȻŭ
Ǵӵ绰Ͳ棬ͬ־ҲܹܵҶүӵĳŭ
Ҳ£ҶүӵƢȻ濪ʱҲԼˣͬ־ҶүӸӣάΪһֵϡ
ⲢʾҶүӵȨ½ˣıûƢˡ
ʵϣҶүһѾõԻᾪ춯ء
ۣ֮ҶүҲһۣȻҶ
ΪҶҵĽӰˣҶڸķչǷǳõģҶүӺҶҵˣҲĽҵҶȥ
ʱҶʲô̵Ļ˵ֻ̫Ǹĺίгίֹʲôأ
죬Ҫ˵˼ˣǳһ⣬ҶҶᷢȫһŵŻ׽
Ҷңȫӵġ
Ҷϡͬ־ҪһҶүӵ˭֪绰ȻѾˡ
ͬ־绰еġཡɵ̾˿ֽ֮ˣ¶ҲֲҶ˭ӦǼһﲻ֪ȻǵҶϣǱʹŲж
˽Խύӵ飬ûκһһֻȥģǽͬ־ھĸױͲ쵼ˣϣȨεץԼС
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ϣû¶ɡͬ־ǣԳ
ϵ飬ȷʵȽϼ֣ɵ̷ֲͨʤͬ־ĵ绰һӦӦԡ
һҶ飬Ҷҷ쭣ǿɲʲôӦġ
Ϊһ֣ͬ־Ȼϣ庣̣ƽҶƽദҵѹס飬ºɨβҪģ齻̷ʤӦǱȽϷĵġ
̷ʤܺܿ͸Ϲˣ˵֮ҲǱȽͷʹɫˡ
ȻһֱҶҶ̫ˣҪ飬Ҳܹᵽͬ־ĸ̬飬Ȼǲôġ
ֻǲ֪Ǳ߶ˣ̷ʤܳһϣ֮㱵˵
ôĹҪˣʡóæҡͬ־˵ίǱ߶Ҳ֪ͨίн׼ʡõʱ˴ӣʰ
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Ȼ˵нھеӰ϶ǲܹүҶᲢ۵ģǱϾҲǴίʵеģֹܵһҲȽҪôһӵǱķչ֮Ҳˡ
񽭳ͬ־ĵģһҶ¶Ҷүӻ߻һЩǶүҶͲ˵ˣһҪ˭ҲסģǶֶΡ
ܲǱ߶Ҷҵĵ̶ܲζƿ֮УҪ飬ȷʵǷʤ
нھίĻܹ΢үһ£̫嶯ˣ޷ص
⣬Žͬ־ͬ־ҲкǸҶҵĹϵҪʱҲһЩáͬ־ַԸһ䣬δѣܹ뵽ⶼǰţʡõʱֲûš
Žͬ־һ̷ʤҲ˾ƺôѾܾûôܵĴڹ״̬ˡ
Դӵ±֮󣬻ûκһε¼ܹĴǣٴһػӦԡ
ɴ˿ɼҶڵӰʵ̫ˡ
һ֮󣬽ͬ־ҲЩƣˣϾ͵ˣ׳꣬ȻеҪϢˣȴǷŲ¡
ͬ־ͳͬ־Ǳ߶ܲͲˡͬ־üͷ˵вгܻǵ鷳ǵģЩˣЩ£ǳ棬ܹѹء
̷ʤΪȻһΣȻ˵λѾȥˣ˭Ҳ޷ǶֵǿӰԼ̳ϵϵ
¶ƲλģοҶǳͬ־׼Ů
¶ֵġ̷ʤһת뵽һ⣬ҪҪȰ̫Ǳ߶
ͬ־̷ʤܵĽ飬Ҳеԥ
ʼٸߣͬ־ǷǳջģҪǾô˺ĻǱȽйǵģϾڻΡ
ӵϢʱ򣬲ɵôʧɫ
Ϊоֵһ֣ȻҶҪԣǽͬ־ǷǳҶҵ⣬̫ȻҲһŶǸҶұأܹġ
˼һҳȥˣ뵽Щ飬ɵô󺰴
ôһУǰоŪһɹġ
Ȼǵõ˽ͬ־ȨҲù˼ʲôˣֱٺֱ·صȥͬʱҲԺǱ߶ϵõ˻ӦͬʱжʮŸҲ㳲Ϊϡ
ôǿݣǶԷһŵıҲδֵܹסéֵôӦҲǲġ
Ǹϵʱ򣬾ͷֱǽ壬֦Ҷǡ
Ҷľ󲿷ֶˣֻƲͬѡ


1161 һ·׷
Ҷأɵóȥʵ
ɨңȴûпҶӰҲûпé棬ȴéŵĺܶ˶ˣһء
˲ˣǻѣʱ˹΢˾񣬿ŻشȿȣǱ߶
Ļش߶ָָȻ˵Ҷ뿪ķ
ʰ߶Աʣµ˸ߣҲ˲϶ʲôֻǶǷԸ
뿪֮ʣµʮ˿ʼ绰ϵ˾Ա
Ҷľ˲ǳʾҲȥˣһ̯ѪȥЩĿĵĸоûʲô˾ˡ
ֻǻزΣûаȻȥˡ
ô¶˺Ȼ
ôˣ˹ȥͿͬһ𺳵ָɵڵϵһ߾ʬ壬ɴ۾Ȼܾᡣ
ȥʱ򣬶ʱҲˡ
ֻϷڵصļˣʱѾ˷˹׳ϣ⼸˵˻϶һŶһζε֦߿Ѫ
ȥƺ֦͸˼Ӳ­ǣϾǵˡ
ôܣ
˵ж¶˾ɫȻǱǰĳŵˡ
͸­ǵӵһ֣֦ⶫҪ͸­ҲǲܣҪǿĶܹܲõϾ­ǿɲǶġ
ôģ˭ôıأ
⣬ɾþõ˵С
˰߶ɣ־ֳǿ϶ǳȤġ
ֹоδؾȤģҲԲϢȥ̫ĳ
Щ࣬˵УҪӺһЩ
ڵϣǴ߶飬˼ȴڿǣپȥЩ˾ôģ
ʵϣϵЩʬģûп
ʼʱ˻˹ȥֻǿéڹҶںηչȥģûаӡ
ȻҲ֪ƺЩʵȴҲû뵽Щ˻ڶ֣֮Ͼé˵ĹʵǾס
ٽصʱҶܹéҲ˷ǳԾģΪʱĹʵ̫ˣҲûпһбʵҶʵһȽȷжϡ
ֻҲٵʵӦǺǿġ
ڿ˵ϵЩʬȻǱ֦͸­ģľ޷ˡ
ѵ˵ز¶ľ֣뷨ʼڳԺƽ
˲ãȻǸϵˣ֮оֵΧԱǡ
ȻЩ˵ʵǺǿξȴǺܸߵģǹʰо֣ǱȽϿɿܹ˷ĵġ
˵Ȼָʾķ׷˳ȥȴûзʲôɵЩɣǷصǴ˷
һ˷ߵԽ죬ɾ;ĿԽԽԶ˰
ͣЩԥ֪ǷӦüǰ׷ȥ
ֳ·ӦûдǰͷǿȻ˶˵
˳ŶԷָȥͿҹɫ֮еһŴмĲ֣һȱ֦֦辵ײ࣬γһεȱڡ
龰ͺֱӴԷǳߵٶײȥֱӽΧ֦ײһ
ʣǸո˾ʱĺۼ
׷֮󣬶ʱһ
ȱڸĶ֦µģ˵ǲ֮ǰġ
éĸ֣벻ʲôܹõֻҲЩɻҶȥأ
˳ŶԷĺۼ׷ȥ֮⣬ûиõ⣬Ҳֻ׷ףéȥܹȷҶİȫ񣬿ҶǷи
úûҶͲéĶ֡
˳µķ׷˴ӣ˴··ҰҲ˺ܶࡣ
ֳأǰͷѪʱ˷
Ķأˣǰ˹ȥ
ڴ·еĵطȻһС̯Ѫȥûг̣Ӧʮ֮ǰġ
֪˭ѪǺʣû׷
׷ȥûжϴ󣬶ʱĴ˵
׷һӣͿǰֳһЩ
ϣȻһϱۣȥѪܵĺǴĿġ
ܳʲôడ˼ˣһ
Ȼ˵ⲿţھǽĴϣͻȻôһϱۣĴ̼ǱȽǿҵġ
¾˳ȥһ£ϱۺʣѪδɣӦͽϴ˵ģƲֳϼ룬Ӧӵġ
ƴ׳ǽڴִ󣬸ŵеơһۣжϣѵéֱ۲ɣҲ̫˼ˣ
ٿһ۶ϱ۵ĶϿλãȽϴֲڣֱӱ˴Ӽ粿ֱ˺һ㡣
ҡҡͷк𺳡
ʱһ뷨ѵ˵ҶиڰػҶɣ
ˣҲ޷Ŀǰһˡ
Ͼӵʱ·ص㿴龰Լһ·龰é˸ֵնɱéһ·æӴܵλӦԶԶسéˣéŻἱɥ֮Ȯ
ֳǰĻͽӽéŵĵˡʱ򣬾
Ŷˣʱһ㶣̧ͷ˿Զ˵ͷ׷ҵҪéǲӻϳ
һӳΪ˱֤ҶȫǿڵéӦǴƵλģȻѾ쵽ϳ
һҶƺӦûʲôˡ
ֻ͸ӺˣʲôܹéŸŴأ
éŵĵԶûмӾ͸ϵˡ
ʱǾͿ߶ǵƻͨѾмʮ˴˳ŸּһվڵеĹ㳡ϣؿ档
ڹ㳡еһ׶ߵľ׮棬ʱһȵվҹ֮УЩƮȻɵķˡ
һߣ˷ţۣѾȥһ·׷Ѱéŵé档
ϱ۵ĹȻé棡˾㵵˵Ǿ˭Ūֱأ
Ŀ⣬ȴѾľ׮֮ϵϣʱѾˣӭˣǱˣͬ־֮ҪҶ
ôȥģվľ׮ϵҶʺš
׶ߵľ׮ӣϸֻڵӣéڹ㳡֮е˩׮˵Ҳвͷʷˣȴû뵽ܹ˲͹վͷ
ң˾ȻҶ
̫˼ˣ˿ĭа


1162 ĻԪ
Ҷվڸ߸ߵľ׮֮ϣĿ罣һǰɨעһԲ
óҶƺƣҪ𹥻֮ǰĻһò뵽֮ǰЩˣҶ֮֡
ôأݺݵͷԼͷƤôҲ벻ͨ
éҵվéŵĵǣЩ˶éµĺģ൱ûзĻЩ˻϶⵽ŵµĸֲȥ˵һЩǿţ˾еȵȡ
󲿷ˣΪٹ˵ıڡ
éվϱ۴ȻڵѪҶӳһֱûдϢĻᣬʱȻǷţĹɫ԰ֽ
㵽ʲôˣé濴վľ׮֮ϵҶЩʵ
Ҷûд𻰣ֻǽĿתУͬ̽յһ㽫ɨһ飬ڳéϵˣһʮλ
óЩ˵Ĺ򶼲ֻǴʱϵı飬߾Ǿʧ룬óé˶ϴĴ൱
éеܸߣһѧѾ۷壬ͻƵһţǵ󼰵ĸ߷壬ǵżȻˣһۣ޷ˡ
㲻֪ʲôˣһȺɱңҶƲƲ
Ҷéĵϸʱ׷ŷԷȻһˣֲôֿá
ֻҶҲе֣Լԩ޳éô˷أ
ҶԼƺأϾҪéˡ
ȫܹé浱նɱֻΪ˸ԷԲһ棬ֻ۶éһۣȻһ·׷ɱ
ȻѾ֪˶Էĳȴ˭ָʹдԼǸĿǰԼ޵ģǰһЩ޵֮⣬ֻ½еӦˡ
ѵ˵é˾Ӧһˣ
˵ĻָʹߣȫʬҶӸ£é˵
ȫʬô١éҲǸˣЦһȴޱȲȻ
һֱ۶Ѿˣﻹܹȫʬ
ֻéҶһʵǾޱȣ֪һôʥĹ뵽ղҶնɱԼµ龰éȻ¡
һ˲֮䣬Ҷӻ־֦Ҷһ޷ۣȵָ֮󣬾ͷԼһ⣬ÿһ˵­ϣһ֦
ֻé滳Ҷ࣬ĻôôߵĹأֱС˵еڡ
㲻ʵ⣬Щ˶ᡣҶȻ˵ͺЩ˶߹һ㡣
ʦʲôһϣɱéĵŭҶ˵
סڣǶĶ֣éȵһߣǼһҲĶ֣
ˣéҲҽĻԪ׸
ʲôɫéôãˡ
ǵţé£һȮ³
ǲӦҶҪҲһȮ³ϾҶֶΣղéѾ̹ˡ
ʱͼʱϵˡ
Ҷֳû¶ɣȻҶһˬӣǺеʺһ£Ͼǽͬ־á
־ֳˣûд󰭡Ҷ˿ȫװˣȻܹµõ϶ǽͬ־ɳġ
Ļ˭ܹоִϵ£㳲
Ҵ֮ϸϸؿȥܹ֣һЩ׸㣬һɸַ緶Щ˿϶ںЩ֣ʦͽͽǡ
ҶȷĻӦǷϵûаˡ
һת̾ͷŵé˵ϣʵоְ¶ЩҪʲô췴𣿣
е־ܣ
ǹɱ
翹Ȯ
ǳ;ϮʱҲһӵɱ׷׳в
é˿˿ǵһû뵽Щ˲ԳоֵģһЯôģɱҪ˳ְǸȫ˵Ľడ
Ҳеģéҵ˲٣Ѿٽˣһ˴ģĻƴ϶ɲӰ죬ܻϣܹƽ£Ƕéʩѹ
ֻé潫Ŀ⿴ҶȻɵĲоֵˣҶɷǡ
Ѿˣоֵ־ֳˣӦԣҪΪ룬˵Ļʹ˭֮飬ҲٹˡҶé˵
éȻоֵľֳʲô˼ʾͬ־Թע飬ɳ˾ǿ
Ȼ˵ֳֵЩδؾܹܴвѾȻͬܲΪ˺µǿһ
ڶԷռ˾Ƶ£бҪӵǸ
˵ʵڻéһγûռʲôˣȻɱҶ˶һսУҶɨҶһնɱһɸɾ
ҶΪڣҳĻʹĻéԼҲᱻնɱ
һΣǵ˴ѣͱ¨ӡ
飬ָ̫ʹġé˼ڷˡ
ˣȹǰһ˵ɣĻȫ¿϶ǼȮоҪɱǲҪôĹ˼ɵġ
̫壬ʲôˣҶȫİġ
ͣȻϵõͲԺյ̫壬Ҳ֪֪Լ˹ΧɱԼ
éҶĻǰ
һε飬̫ԼҲƽôһɷǡ
éϵéķԸ¶Ȼоֵ˸ΧǼᣬʣҲ˾ߣֹ롣
ҶʱҲéĿУõԼҪϢ
ƥ򣬾ȻưɱңӦĻɽ֮Ҷ;òȻŭͬʱҲéΪʲôӦǰɱϾéĵܵéС
ٰ꣬飬Ҫϸ˵Ա߶ˣͳ԰ο
ĻΣǺѾ˽ͬ־飬ǿ϶һ籩ģŵϣҲѲ˸ϵδڻ˵
ΪͬҶҹϵõȻϣҶ̫嶯ʲô¶
Ļ˵һͷҶѾ߶
ף˵ȥˣɵһ㶣Ȼִо֣һֻ˵ͨȻҶʲôʱ뿪ġ
ոշˡŴָͣЩ˼˵


1163 ɱ
ϣעûжܹ˯ðȡ
ָʹéֵܽɱҶϢ̾ͨСΧڴ˳ȥҲ˼Ĳ
֮󣬴Ҫᣬһʲô顣
ȻһҶʲô飬ҶһжæгģǷζű˻ᡣ
Ļᣬǧѷꡣ
뷨ˣҲǽͬ־ֻŲҪ¶ͺá
ʱҶҵȥĻڻûսԲֵ˵ȷʵʲô飬пܻᵼĸȣִ⡣
̷ʤܽɳȥ֮󣬾һֱйע̬ı仯
Ǵ洫Ϣȴýͬ־һַ˼ĸо
˵Ҷһôܴأ
᲻и˰
ôܣҶȻǾ֣
éֱ۶Ӳ˺ˣ
Ϣݻ֮ýͬ־һԵ̷ʤǸеޱ𾪣˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻôһơ
˲翿ҶûһɲĹǽϾͽéֵܵˣһǽϢ
éҵսϢ֮һ
é渺翹éҵо֮䷢ҳͻĻ⣬ҲдǳӵӰ졣
éҵĺܶǣ඼ϲڵľкӵܣЩи̵ĻķţǸʱͷ۵ľͲǽͬ־һˡ
ʤͬ־һ¡ͬ־뵽飬˳ڶ̷ʤ˵ԺвʲôѾеģҪϸǼǹȷˣܹеһεĻȡޡ
õġ̷ʤ֮󣬱ʾȫͬ
ʵϣЩһ쵽Աŵû¶ɣǵĸԴ벻Щˣ֮ĵĿɲǽͬ־̷ʤˡ
ܹʹһͶƱĻȫ嶼ͬȡЩ֯ġ
ʲôҶˣ
̷ʤͻȻֽӵĵ绰ɵסˡ
ܶĿ˵ҶڴéʵŵϢ֮󣬾ͷˡ
ôܣͬ־ҡͷ˵ܵÿ죬øߣǿŵģ˵ʲôģ㵱Ҷ
̷ʤ֮ȴеɣǰԺĴʦƺҲһЩ֮ٵģǺ˵
ͬ־ôһ֮󣬵ҲеɹҶҾô¶ȻҶôһ̥
Ȼ˵Ϊ£Ҷңͬ־ҶһоٽֳݣֻΪ֮ǴʱҶһֱ˵ĸоȷʵǷǳصģ˵˷ˣֻһЦ֮
ҶǸʦģ֮ʦʧˡ
˵ʦ뿪֮ǰǷҶйʲôĽǴ²ʲôġ
Ȼ˺ɣȴҲ˵ʲô
ֻǽͬ־˼ӣ˵ԣĪҶȥżң
Ǽпܡ̷ʤҲͷ
˶ʱЩĿɿڴҶ˵ǾֵĻȥ̫²ֿˮȵģĺֶȥ̫ĿԾӶࡣ
ô˵̫Ҳǿʱĺίǲʺ϶һЩֵ̫飬Ļ˿ˣ˵ģڽͬ־ִҲ顣
㿴Ҫôͬ־̷ʤܵ
һˣ̫ﲻǵΧ̷ʤܽ
ͬ־˵ͷͬˡ
̫ϢٶۣҶéҵ֮յϢ
éô¶ģСëӶòéҶʧϢ֮󣬲ɵú޺޵ؽϵĲ豭ˤˡ
Ҷɲһˣʮͷгоٽֳȫ¾һݶôǺöԸģԱ߶һ˾˵㰲ӹˣӲҲ
ϢʵɣҶһôôѵ˳ˣ˻ɵ
˶ʱĬȻ˵γɵС壬ҲǺʵǾиϵǳصģ䲻ҧһǺǵȵ˼ҷӦ֮󣬻᲻һЩ޷Ԥϵ飬Ǿͺ˵ˡ
λүӣƺΧһӣ˽ɫŵػ㱨
ʲôˣ˶ʱüͷ
оֵˣϳһˣǸУ˻ش
оֵΧס
֮󣬶һʱ֮׼ȷжϡ
δؾǳġŵӻǱȽģת˲֮жϣֻǽͬ־̬ḴӻԲŻΧҲҪ̫ģˡ
ҶӦѾ֪éָʹġ˲޵ǵرʾ
ˣоҲΧסȻе̬Ḵӻ
Ȼ˵ЩһҪģ˽һЩ˺󶯸ɸ꣬ɷǳõӡǸ߲ϣġ
˶ı֮׾Ͳµ˽ͬ־Ǳ߶⡣
ҲãéȻ¶ˣ壬̸еŵľ࣬ӿɳϣ̬رʾǵʸעûмԸ⹫Ȼѵġ
ΪȻ
ڹڣʸʹһʼβƸеʲôСëҲȫ覲褣ϾڣʱǣԽԽˣεУܹϼһ϶˶Դ
Ĵֵƾ衣
ƨҪɱǣ˭
ʱǺȻһ
֪ںʱѾһŸƣһɱƯڶĿУһɱ
ʲô
Ȼд£
ͷӿƯڿеҶʱ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ǺųƲֻǵǸʱˣʵ϶ڹ֮»ǱȽŲɵģǿ̫棬ҲĶˮ֮٣ôһη
ۿҶͬһ㸡ǰҪ˵ŵв£ǻѻ
ĸţҶɫƵظǰļͷӣкɱ⡣
ҲȻеһ£ӲͷƤ˵ϷǣǺˣҪΪװŪܹŵϷʵ
ۡһֻŵȻըѣѪɣ浽ǡ
£˭ʱ㽲ЩϻҶһȭ֮󣬻˻ȻЩмغһЩңҲܶһı˰ˡҶĳһ˭ܹס
ͷӱǰ龰ŵֱӾͱŻȥˡ
ҹé˷ɱҶɣҶ׷ɱ׷ŸС
ҶһƽűѪɱ


1164 ޷֤Ĵ˵¡
¿ɺãֵǳƨˡ֪űҶɱϢ֮󣬽ͬ־ְ˰ǰЩͷʹض̷ʤ˵
һŻģһѾѪҽЧһܲѹ֮䡣̷ʤҲü˵⼸˶Ǳ뷢ģһɽҪʲôȷʵȽͷۡ
ǼˣʸǹϵģҲˣȻְλߣǷŵڣӰǺһЩ涼ܹȥ
٣һ£ҲҪһʾεĺȥ쵼ǣҪ׸׷ᣬʾԼοʲôġ
ڻһǱȽصģǾҶһȭŴˣһŶѪʱҪô׷˼ûа취ˡ
ȻĻͣһ̬ͣ˵̷̽ѯʵ
ϵ飬ҶеЩͷʹ
Ҷɱ˵С¶ؼǿɱ˭žʲô⣬ǱϾҲǿʱ߹ˣиίݵģҲֹһʡһΣȻ˵ڵȷʵѾΥ飬ȷʵ˽½õɱּ˵ֶ
ʣҶʽ϶ǲ׵
ϡͬ־̾ҡͷ̷ʤܵ飬ҶڶǻҪ뱻Ƕҡִĸȡ
ҶһҶ󣬿϶кܶģҶҶھȨİѳ֣ȷʵһ޷ҡĻڽͬ־ԣҲǷǳҪģƽ׳Ҷңֻδı
Ҳпܣìܣֱ֣ǾͲǽͬ־Ը⿴ġ
ڣͬ־ֻп쵶ն飬нˣñҵҶҷѣҶ鷳֮С
Ͼڵõϸ֮󣬽ͬ־̷ʤܶҶǿʵеޱ𶯣һǵԶһίԱгί¡
ҶҶǿ֮ȷʵñ˸е޷սˡ
һµİ취֮󣬽ͬ־ͺȻʵ˵Ҫ˺ĻжİգԶԸ
Ȼͬ־û˵˭̷ʤܿ϶֪ͬ־ָһ֮󣬾ҡͷ˵̫ˣԸУҲܹ֤һܹװĨɱ
Ҷɱ֮оֵ˾ͳȥˣǿֳ֮֮⣬Ҳûʲôİ취
Ȼ˵оֵļλҪҶģǵҶսʮ˵УȻһŶ֮ǾҲ˵ʲôˡ
ȻҶֳˮ׼Ѿܹġ
ȻҶôͻȻ֮ͱôˣһܹȷģǾҶ뷨Ļ֮ͰЩ˸ͳͳĨȥۼеĳӦҲ޷Ҷɰв
ҪԸҶĻҲֻܶúпܳɹ
ҪԼҵһУ侩ǵʹúĻ쵼˷ˣٽͬ־ľ
ѵ˵ɣʱ˿̣ͬ־Ҳ޷ˡ
еİɣҲûУ˭֪أ̷ʤȻ޷ش⣬ֻҶı֣ƺҲԶˡ
ܹĵԲߣȻҪίǱ߶ϵģͬʱ;ԼһЩⲿţһҹ涼
˵ĹΧҶ֮Ӱеġ
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