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緹̨ҽĺڰ׵ӡǵõʱǫֻ̈̄ӣ峤Ԭһ̨21Ĳʵ磬ʱ˲õĸߵȴƺȴ˹ˡǣҵ̨è17ĺڰ׵ӻͳ˸ϡÿһڣˡСռˡĸһߣǲǰׯɩׯ裬߶ÿǶ˵ĵѡ
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ƣϰϵ㰡ðģеöȰ䲻󣬵ȴּ̳˻ŮԹעԵĴͳ
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һĲײҶһӺȸ˱еľƣһŮӾҲ˿üڹٳĶƾ鰡һȻΪҹĿ꣬һṦѾƿ¶ˡơƶһ˵ûʲôκκȶˣ͵ܡͳһʵڱﲻסˣվ߳˰䡣
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ңһ˺ڿƿƳ칫ҵšһȻոձصЩأ֪ģһϰԺ󣬴Ҷ׼ݱʲôģҪ˰£õȵԺȥ
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һʱ򣬾ѾˣίĴţ·ֱߣȻҹգһСƷгʽƷһӦȫСƷгص˶˲СʱһϯӡƷصԺһڣ˵Щ˵죬治ɡ


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ǰҾ˾˵ˣиһĻѧıҵҪֵҾ͹ƿ㣬ҼǵϵľǻѧѧĶ簡ФĽ˵
һǽ߿ѧǳѣԽܲ룬塢еģҲֻһһ˱¼ȡ
˾ô֪ҷֵģһФýݣ˵ߵݸФһ֧л
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벻㻹иôľ˾˰һװݵ˵ҽոձֻ֪ίǽг´ɣس˽ܡ
Фһ˵ߣǵȻ
Сߵ˾˵ĺŰɣһһ˵
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һæͶ״ѧʱФ׺ݶһΣУиСӻëǰһŮŮФõĶФһԶӲשͷ˻ëȣŤͽɳپѧԺרҵѵһˡҪ֪ѧԺȫǺպɢ򹦷򿰳һ
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Фϸ˼һᣬȻ˵˵ݸ߸ֳΪΣӦ֮ȪίǶ飬ҲίĸΡǸŷ٣˶֪ǳسŷŮС޸ǳǿǳĴŮ
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һ˼ӣФҲطԺڹУһҪע⣬Ҫ֮Ȫ䲻ʲôСѲҪǴŸҩһġŷе㿴Ƕŷһġ
ФķһĿǰصľ˸˽⡣ίίǻֳɣίǳ´ۿҪˣֻίβţس˽ܵΪǿʶ̬ίϣգίڵίǻӪĵɽǶҲʾŽ˼ίǳͳسŷ䲿ҲФİְФƷɣں鳤ײ׹ϵԳһɣίǼ湫ֳǴݿսģһ࣬ײơФƷߵýϽ˾ͨޡ
س˽ܺ͵ȺǶǱᣬѽ뵽˰Ȼ״̬ͼҳԷһ˽ںӪ꣬ϵ̸ڣڣ֪ͨʲô·ִгߣпƾ֮УĹٳ飬õһֽ˭ָ˵ޱ׶ΣǶҲܣڸλίίǰתƣһжǸδ֪
ФķһҲ֣˵ŷٲӦΪԼһİˣ֮ȪͻΨһĽ;ΪٻºٻҲûʲôֱӹϵ˰˼⡣һɴҡҡͷȥˣԼֻסһ㣬ǧҪȥ֮ȪĻԼаٺһ
һͨ㣬һɨ֮ǰ顣٩Ҵģ֪Ѿˡһվ˵ߣԷȥǰֻǴŵ
Ф֪һļͥǺܺãæµþûоƺˡԴŵ⣬ɤӺúúȼƿѾľваʵΪװĶӣ֯ôþûоƺȣŲŹ֣ΪһƵ롣
Ⱦ磬һʱһ񺹡ǵǸһϰԺФӼ͵һƿֻСèһףģغФ֮ǰкȹһǴϽΡͷһأ˵ǺþƣĲھȫ¶ˣֱſϣ²ֹФصᡣ
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ߵʮչپͽˣǳͺǿٻһǰһһʺáǿϸоһ¼ӣȻһ˵СǸѧǺܲģСʱ򣬸ɾˡ
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ʵһ֪ǽԼİ칫ΪĹĹٳиĵĹ涨͵Ļģڿſڵλã㿪ţݸʲôģԸõΪ쵼ǰǷ
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һ΢΢һæҲŽһǣãֻһλʮİ׾ӣѴǸǰ߹ӱǿһˣһʶѾԼν֮Ȫ֮Ȫ߹ʱ򣬺ݺݵصһһۣҪƵġʱһûע⵽֮Ȫı֣עȫںصﵳȺǶϡ
ԺһΧûעСʳ񣺡¸磬ôǻʳԷ
Ϊ쵼춼·ݰҲʳõġ˵ţСĵɨһȦܣѹ˵Ҫˣˡ
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ٻͳһ˵С찡˵㰡е㲻صһӣҪ֪ڰ칫ҿɴСģֱӽһ
һһ㶣룬ôƵҵͷˣûʲôطѽæӿ˵㣬ôصˣԸꡣ
ٻŷһۣ˵ϴΣ˼ŷôæ㲻˼ҳԷҪ˼Է˵ǲǲص
ңŷԷģ׼ȵһһֹӡ
׼ȵʲôʱ򰡣ٻһɰʵ׵ļơŷҲ˶䡣
һ룬˾Ͷ˰ɣܱȱΪصǿǴ˵׼ȵʵʱ򡣡


 
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ŷٻûڣٻһЦ˵һϲϵɽ»𺣰
һ󾽣֪𡣴ʱŷٿ˵ˣذһΧʡίҪ֯ѡίǣҦҲѡˡҰϣҾ뵽㡪ĸ߲
Ūϣûʲô⣬ҶҦһҲ˽ⰡһΪѵ˵Ҫ˵ⷽĲϣһ˵СһڴѧʱͲֹһŪƵĲϡ
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ʱ绰ҹҲаٻЦ
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ѸʰãͷǸСӣѾˣʱöһУǶˡһţ׼ȥڽСԸһ¡Ĵţ̫ӣǺֵСһ֣һһҽССʦݡ
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һͷ׼ȥġһϢǳۺԱֽȫŽǰ塣ͻȻ˺һ
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һ֪ûа취ܾˣֻõͷͬ⡣תɲǣٻӰͳ˸ɫСשͷ˼󣬵˵û⣬㶨ˡһһԼȻһŮ˸㶨ˣơ
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һһطСϣʵЩϿνЩίǾСһԣæŴ绰ǼԼһԷ
յ11룬һͱ򸮱ϵС꣬Ѿ塢ǴˡΪ˫˽ܣĹԱ֮⣬һλ󸹱㡢ͷ͹ɼģСǼһʳܡرķʢҲر飬ǻʳϰ壬ϵһơвˡһľ˵úܲס˶࣬Լʱ򣬱ôҲϺˣ˼һ̬ȼҲûȰˣһǾеͷˡ
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ʳʱһԳǸ˴ǲι۵ĳԼˮŷȻȵõ֪ͨˮϵͳɵУŷŵˮͨ۾ͿԿӦòʲô⡣۹ܵԱߣȴ˺ںڵۣߴݲһؼ
صʱѾˣһл˺εִҪغǵĳֱһȥںһ׼һزһҲûƳ٣Ͼ˼Ҳһ⣬˵ҲʲôֵǮĶ


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̸һһ֣Լúһĺ죬æ˵ûʲôܺеᡣǱѸղŷԭԭظŷ١
ŷ֪꣬һ޴󰭣ֻ˵ڿ԰ûͰίץˣҿʱգسίǶĻ°
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֮ȪæԸ֮ϸĥһ󣬾ƸշĴѧһǿưдġ
֮Ȫ˵꣬Ƕȵ˵ʲôʱԸˣ
Բϰ壬˵ˡǰ죬ҿϵǼȾľٱźǳžȥƵСȥʵصУȻдɵġ֮Ȫһŵ˵֮Ȫ⻰˵úˮƽȰǶݵ鱨ժ˳£һԼеԲǣˣȻظǶдȷ£Ǻұ죬ʵûκ⡣֮ȪƽʱȻһ۸ڶӣӦ˵еˮƽģҪҲڶʱ֮ڣ֯һλ
Ƕɫһ˵˹ֵñ˵С첻ǻϵĸ߲дûǺܲоݡôõĸӣӦøѧϰѧϰн尡ɣиͬѧʡίȥӦݷһˣƬ˵꣬ӳ﷭һƬݸ֮Ȫ
֮Ȫæ֣ؽӹƬǶ޷ԸתԼС칫ҡ
Լ칫ҵűؽԺǶҲ˸ղŵأȡ֮Ƿĵ΢Ц֪һƪҪǼԺ󣬻ʲôӰ죬Ϊس˽ȻᱻƵ˼ϣԼ֮ԼҲǳ֪Լ˱ӡٳйٳĹأһ㲻˫Ӧط棬Ļ˭ûкôһΣǶڴ˽ܵǡǡ漰еȾ⣬⿴һǶĻǽк쵼ϣֻ˽ϵǼѡǷ˹ٳĴɣһҪҸʹǶԼǰҪ̬


ʮ һǹ
һӻعƽһߵϰʱѧϰΪ䣬СϺФСΣ˶Ѿ֪Էľײ𲢣ȻҲûѾƺȶࡣŷԴԺ󣬾ûϵһٻ˵ίæųﱸһĻҪ֮һ
һµʱת˲ţһһ糿һһ칫Ҵɨߵʮٻ˽һú֣ٻһ㶼ǲŵϰģôô硣
һϲ㰡Ĵڲˡٻһžʹ˵
㣬ͱҿˣĶʲôڲΰ
治֪װͿ
治֪ô£˵һ󲻽⡣
ϴдƪӵ£ʡڲ棬ҸղŽŵʱ˵ġ
Ŷһ޸֮УЩʱ֮Ȫû˵ƪʼĳȥôˣ᲻ʲôıϾԼ׶ݺݵص֮ȪӦûôİɡ
ʱس˽ܣϰϴݺõ裬ӻǺ˳ĵģۿ´ɼ㣬Լȡ֮ĻȽϴϴȥݷгʱ򣬶ԷѾѾȷʾڳίۺǵʱΪ˵гݻǱȽǿƣкί˷֮ͥС˵ԼĶƽʱȻɵģ£֪ǣλԼĴæҪĶһԼлг֦Ҳǰֺˣһעһ˾ʲôóףǮҲˡ
뵽⴦ͻȻ칫ϵĺɫ绰ˣ˽æվٵ绰ι
Сհң졣ʵֻ˽ܴ꣬ӦͬˣСȴ˽˻泩˵гȫԼĵϵ쵼ƺǺģֱ˵ӡһ㣬쵼Ŀеĵλ죻ȥֱǶһϿɣҲѽ뵽֮ڣ˵ƺΪСʲôġʲôģ˵ѽ뵽쵼ĺȦˣ쵼ˡ
гãʱ˽ܵ͵ذȥ˾ʮȣҲҳ·վƵģʲôָʾ
ʡڲΣ㿴𣿡
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ҪǿѧϰĹؼʱ˶ԼҪ󣬵ʱڿɾˡĳ˵
ǣǡ˽ܳӦ档
µ绰Ժ˽ŷԼѾͷǺֵһǰ˽ŵòᣬ֪ԼʲôطĲԣ쵼˲ٲ£µ»֪ؼԶˡ
˽æո·ĻʡڲΣĿ¼Ժ󣬺ȻһҪչҪ桪Ӻؾˮ鱨桷ı⣬æ£ͷβһ飬ءһȭݺݵûϰϣ淢˾ҵĲ豭ĲˮϡæĨĲˮɾ
һ˭˽ܺ޺޵ʡ
æǽշĴѧǻѧҵġ
ڵѧƨûУ֪֡绰һĵ¡˽Ǳˡ
õģȥ֪ͨæƵĳ˽ܵİ칫ңһļһͬ顣
һĲɵطϣͻȻǿ˽һ˵С죬ղظ绰سȥһ¡
سңһһ󲻰
ǰûµģس˺ܺãӱȽϼǿһı֣ص㲦һ䡣
һǿͶȥмһƳ㷲¥ڵ¥ȥ
¥س칫ſڣŵسæһлСĵ˵飬ίһ֪سʲô£
İ칫һۣ˵ϰ壬鲻ãԼˡ
һæ˵ллָ㡣
΢΢һͷǿһԼһʲôͷһ˵ǹʹˣԼ֪أһ䡣漴վȥһͨȥˡ
ֻһϵ
һһ࣬룬Լô̫үˣôСƿţ߽˽ܵİ칫ҡսţһͷ˽ҪһĿ⣬æ첽ߵǺ칫ǰ˵سһʡ
һĸ߲ͺܴ󰡣
һζĻ֪λش
֪Щʲôڸ107Ĩڣ˽ܻµ
ңҡ
ʲôҰ֪Ϊúֽͨ仧Ǻǻ˶پƨûɣʲôȻ͸ʺ˽ˣֿڶ˳ʵ˽ƽʱǺעģһ㹤ԱǰȷʵòᣬؼԼŬãۿҪίǵıˣпܾΪˮһգҲ̵ġ
һסˣʱԼ˵ǹʹˣǶ˽ɴܣԼֲ꣬õʱ֮ȪһδαųĹЦԭˡڹԼܾôˣǣֱֱ˽˵سԲҲ֪ԼΪôӰ죬дʵлֵļ鱨֤⣬Ҳϼ쵼Ľίĸ֮Ȫдģҵʱֻ˵쵼Ҫ˽ˮȾû˵ᷢ˵ԺȻֱֱض˽ܡ
˽룺ԼԤϵһȻǶĹĿͨ°Լ˳λߣûô˵¡һСӲΪĸ߲ղŵһ˵õˮ©ȱƪоݣ׫ģ˵Լ˱˵ƭΪ֮Լֻ˽䣬ڿСӲ򵥣պһǸ֮ᣬ׽һ˺󻼣һ棬ҲԼʡںġٳϲСԼѾСˣɴһӰ
뵽˽ܼһ˿΢Цһ˵ԭģξˣԺҪŰ졣
һæͷǣ˽ܵİ칫ңٴʾ˸л˰칫ңٻǰĵѯһϸظľһһҲ벻ͨ˽ǰı֣ѵôˣ⵱Ȼһڴġ
°һǰŸսᣬФž͵ˣ֮ǰһʹ˸ѽ췢һ¡Ժһ˽飬˵һ顣Ф˳˼Ժ󣬲˵һοҪд鷳ˡ
һһ㶣æʵô£
Ф˵˵ģĿǰֿܣһֻ֪ǱãԸٺСƽϣҲζŻһ⵱ȻڴĽѾԸٺㆪ£п׼ϾɱҪ֪ĵĹٳϲ쵼¶㲻ǣǰǶİֱӾˡ
ôذɣһ󾪵Ҳдһƪ°
дһƪ£֪ƪ»ʲô𣿺Ⱦأ˭ǵһˣȻس˽ܡ˵˳ؽίȻǨŭ㣬ҷֺһĿԱȽϴ󡣡Фϸذһз
ңҸôأһФķúеһسҪԸԼһСƵġ
Ф˼һ˵ʽĹҸɲҪôҪίᡣʱһҰֺҹø˵Ҳŷ٣Ҳæ⣬ԼҲȥҲ˵Ҳ㣬ίˣ㣬Ҳû⡣һҪ죬ҹųô飬һܿͻٿίᡣ
һæͷФ֮ŷٴ绰绰ͨһæѽ췢ФķһԶŷ١ŷҲ²򵥣ӦؼԺԼϰֺú̸һ̸һȡ֧֡
һҹδߣҪΪ飬ְϸʲô֣ôôԼĸĸǿǶԼҪʱţһѾߵʮˣϴϺæίȥһ·ϣһÿ˶ͶĿ⣬·ԼǹƵġ˰칫ҵţǿ񡢵һʲôһˣֹۣͣԻصԼλá
һԼİ칫Ը£۾ųǿİ칫ҡϣѾˣԼͲ죬ðȻȥĻԵñȽͻأԼͳǿйԼӡӦû㲻æһ¡


ʮ Ϊ
ֱ˵ңǿŵ칫ҡһ֪ǿÿ֮󣬶Ҫȥİ칫ң㱨칤ԼûʲôرҪע
ʮңһ˳ǿ칫ҵţź󣬳ǿʾŹϡǿûϰϣǺһ˵ɳϡǿʵС죬⾿ô£
һæľԭԭ˳ǿǿ̾˿˵ô飬֮ǰΪʲôһأںܸӣ㿴Ūö౻
һ󣬲صͷʱȷʵΪԼΪоҲҪʲôǿ˵ղţȥǣҲ̸顣ζ㻹ǺܹĵģԺҪע⡣һ˳ǿĻԷſģӦ֣ӦûлأϾԼίĹԱҪΪίεĲӦǺзȨġ
Фϣʮ㣬´ò֪ͨίǣٿίᣬרȾ⡣˽ܽӵ֪ͨ󣬰һ֣γίĻᣬǸһĳ׸㶨ԽһԼţתƴҵߣνһ˫
˽ܿһ¥ҵʱ֣мλԿ⣬˶Ѿˡ˽ܽˣһϡպͻվкҲͷʾ⣬ֻǶ۾·Χһж޹Ƶġ
һ´׼ʱ߽˻ң飬űʼǱŲ豭´ȨλԺɨһܣȻһ˵ҶˣǾͿʼᣬҪһ£ӵ⡣ڲϵƪ£ҶˣȷʵʡҶ̸һ̸ɣ
᳡ڳĬӣŷˣΪֹܹҵĳسְΧڵ飬Ȼ޴ѡ˵֮ǰǶԻ⣬ӵȾ⣬ȷʵĿǰ״ҾбҪһרС飬׽ӵȾ
⵹Ǹ⣬˽س㿴أ´˵
˽ܽӿڵͬŷس鳤ѡһҪأҽŷͬ־Ե鳤̡˰񡢹ҵǸС顣Щҵʵֳ̨ҪʹʩӶﵽŷŵĿġ
飬ҷ׷ױʾͬ飬ίֹܵĿӲû̫ĹϵȻҲС´ɼҶûʲôͱʾͨţһӰıߣһ̶Ժٿһŷᣬý幫ϵ飬ӵϼ쵼в˻ȻҲͲٶ˵ʲôˡ
´ɿҶѾòˣ׼ɢᣬͻȻ˽ܿ˵ǣλίһи飬˷ѴҼӵʱ䡣
´һˬʲô飬ҲȴкҲ̫ίǵ˰ɣϻǿ˵س뽲
˵飬Ҳƪйء˵ţһǱڲΣƪµίģһͬ־Ŀ֯Ŀ쵼ǺĨڣҽӦðǵĶ顣
ĳίƵģʲôĿ֯Ŀ쵼Ĩڣһñѹѹʵ˵ˣ޷Ǹ˽Ĩ˺ڣϼ쵼ǰӡ
Ļ꣬һ𣺡Ҳͬسдƪ¾Ҫ˼ҿ˵潲дЩɶǿ͹۴ڵѽ˵⻰ľȻװФƷɡ˽ȣ룬һȨװ췢ʲô񾭰ΪܻᷢԣϾһίˣ벻·ȻɱҧæŻʹ˸ɫ
ᣬ˵޳˽سȷʵӦȥҪȻ̸ʲô֯ԡԡһھϸߣñ˲ôÿڡײȴӿ˵ǣˡһһ˽ģշĴѧŸոնʮ꣬ǸӡײƵĻ⣬ûʲôʵʵݣʵȴ˵˼ʲôԣܲںһӹȥɣĻǵĲҲ̫˰ɡôһ˵ֻϢġ
ռ񲻿ˣ֪Լϳʱˣɤӣ˵Ҳʶһ£һ˷˴󣬾ӦóеӦĺ䲢޹ϵ
˵ͬһϳеΣҿӦҲûеҪְĵزɣίˣص˵ͷ
´ɼҶ˵òˣǿ˵ȻҶδһвͬǾ;ֱɡͬⱣһְģ֡˵ԼȾ֣һֱǽԼģȻⱣһôҲøһӡо˽ܽó´ɺܲˬϾֻҪλһ죬˭Ը⿴ԼȨս
ţģФƷɡײơ׷׾ֳ֣ί˿ФƷɺײƣҲž֣ѾƱˡʱ˽ܵעȫǶϣֻҪһ֣ŷضͬ⣬Լļƻɾˡ˽ִܷʱǶ۶еĲ豭ؿţ·һŶƵġ˽ŷǶ֪¼ϵԼ˻Լһӡ
˽֮ܰʣȻŷ־ؾ´ɼ΢΢һЦ˵ãͬ־޳ɣҿɡΣСдݼ鵽㣬ⷸҪලٶٰ
õģǡЦĵشڳ´ɾҪˣһ㶼˽ܡǶʲôΪ´ɵȻҲԷѹƵģò״Ÿüһѣ̹
ŷ־ʱ˽ܾ֪ˣΪƱˣ´ȫίǵݣֱӶ벻Լ̾ôˣ治֪Ǽʲôˣƽʱôڵģģһ˳ѵһʲǫ̂ȥԺúúò
ŷ֣ǶǳԾ룬ƽʱԼŷͳ˶ǹͬ˵ģŷôˣѵûԼ׼˽һ飿
ŷǶĿ⣬ֻõͷȥ룺Ҳûа취ϻؼңԼǱŮҲ֪ĸ񾭴ˣ˵Լиѽһί칤ҪԼҪæ磬֮ǰ֪ĶõϢȻרŴ绰Լв˵æͺԼϾŮϵԼԵѾͷ˵
´ɢԺ˽վŶ˽ܷŭȥıӰ´¶˾Υ΢ЦվֱʡʼǱͲ豭Ȼݵϣ̵س˻ҵš
ʱһ֪ίϵٽ°ʱӵФĴ
һ°ൽʱ򣬿ФѾվſˣЦؿԼ㷢ʲô񾭰ôĿҸ𣿡
ͣѲк󸣣ФЦ˵
ǲʲô̼ˣʲôģһֹӵĵԣ
ǲǲҿɾˡФҪߡ
ãã磬ҷˣ㲻ߴͽ̡
ФһЦ˵⻹࣬㿪š
ԺФѽ쳣ίϵԭԭظһһ亹ֱֻ󱳵ĳ¶ϡһɵɵشǶФļ˵ǣ㲻ڱɵ˰ɡûˣʱϴ̬ȳϿһ㣬дݼ顣ѧʱ򣬲Ǿ𣿡Ϊ˰һѹФЦ
һŻعסФ֣˵ֵܣлл㣬Ҫаæؿɾˡ˵ţеʵĸоФǰųıߣټФƷɺײƵĶһ;ܻûʼѾǰսˡ
Фæ˵û£˭˭һڴǵʱҸֳɸأ
Ҫôһ죬һû⡣һ󷽵شߣȾȥ첻顣
ãߣȾȥФе
ΣһûФȥ·ߵŵ˺÷ƼңҪһӵĲˣФ֪һﲻʹ죬ҪйҲûҪ˪ơƣȵƿʱ򣬸ûþƱֱӶƿġںȵͣ˶ȶˣǺ÷÷ԱͳʦһæŰͻһᡣ
ڶԺһԼ˯ڴϣФſ˯ɳϣˮɳֶʪģʱ䣬ѾߵʮˣæФФ˸˯һҲͲˣɳ첻ȥϰ࣬Ҳû˸Ĳӡ
һ˰칫Ժ󣬺һæŴɨ˵չǿ߽ƣһ˵С죬㵽ҵİ칫һ¡ǿճţǿֻ˵һ쵼Ҫˡ
һһֱС˾ͺǷУټܲҲ˲ֺͺӲضһ䣺ҾͲˣǰԼܹܺá˵꣬ͷ߳ơ


ʮ Ƽ
һǿİ칫ңæǿһлϻ𡣳ǿһӣҲȽã˵ԼûбҪǿȴһϷ·𿴼ԼӰӣũңƴѧҵڹٳײβԸְһ˵гάҪҪģȴΪǿļ˵
ǿαϣ̣˵С찡ε˵ɴ˵СҲСĽãɶ˲ڹؼʱ̰һѰ
һϵ˵лκͲΡλԼֱ쵼һĴмģǳǿ˵󣬵ȴ߾ȫڰԼ
֪ͺãҲװǿҲڸпһ䣬漴ֱӣһ˵ԺһҪ᲻ѧУеܸӣһСľͻԼݽȥ⣬ȥԺдݼֹͷ⡣⻰ʵǸһֲӣ㲻κεӰ졣
һţֱ۷ᣬĳ嶯ֱųǿһϹȻ˵Σģһμνѵġ
ǿ΢΢һЦ˵Сӣúøɣûµġ
һ˳ǿİ칫ңѾ»ָƽƵʱѾ΢Цˡǿ룺ѵСûˣ˹ʺˡĵĹٳһЩˣԼǨҲϣ˵ùòԼźá
Թ緹Ժһŷٴ˸绰лİæŷѾ֪һûˣӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬺ǿģԼһԷһҲûн飬ͷͬ⣬˵Լѹȥŷ˵ͽٻ
µ绰Ժһ͸Ф˴ԼһԷФ¸յɳӵԺ̻˵绰֪ŮԷ˵öϲ£ˡ
磬һٻ˸кûȥϰ࣬ǶԼд֡ʼдʱ򣬻ñŤϾϣԼûʲôǿ˵ģֻ߸ʽѣҲͻˡһСʱνļ־ˣԺҲûʲô޸ĵģֱӾͰһߡƺȶˣû˯̤ʵý˻ᣬúõز
ˡˡˣһԼԼţ۾һǱŰھҵĻζæ˭ˣˡ
ٲţҾͰŸжˡһ֪Фˣϣ첻ţǲʲôһæȥţôһ£֪ˣΪȷأ˵ܸ㴫ʲôų˾ⷽ츳
˵ʲôż㣬°ˣһв
Ф˵ƨ£ңϼ˵ҽǵʱ°ġ
һóһʱ䣬ȻѾˣԼһȻ˯˺üСʱҲٴФֱӽϴȥˡФҲģһɣó־
ʮңһˣФæʵ쵼ô
ʲô쵼һ֪˵ٻװͿ
Фæ˵ٻŷûʲôϷˣֻܰĿˡ
һ̧ͷФһ컹бŴTɫ㣬ϵƤЬһ԰ҲһңС￴ȥǻоġ
ФһһԼղڼΪһͷ˰СʱҲе㲻ȻˣεղŻʱȫǺϴ衣Ǻǡ
һֱӸһ䣺ɧФױҭסˣûسһ
Фһٴߴ£һ̵¥һ÷Ƽȥ
ǽߵʱ򣬵ĺ÷Ƽң˰ճһ̣ŷٺٻͽˡһФֻǰһ֮ǰϴˣͷδȫɣȥ˳⻬ˮζƢŷٴŷɫȹ˿ȥģؿڿúܵͣ˾øģٻһɫȹԵףҲǰ͹̣˸档
ٻһžŵ̱ǵζ˵̹յ̣
ҿû飬ġФ޳ܵ˵
㣬㡭һФֱԼʹɫӲǰѵߵĻ˻ȥĿڵҲͳ֧ΪǵȻٹء˵ţߵԱȥ˳ƸФһţФ۵ֱ죬ֻǲ֨
ŷٰһжǿЦһ˵һλǡҲǽһ¡
λŮҽФһҿǾλŮĴ˰˵ȥŷҲȥһգٻȴ֣ûκεĶФҲֻεԼ֡һֻؿһЦҲ˳ΪФ˽ܡ
ȲԺФſȣȣȵơơФžƱ˵λŮμ棬һһ˵꣬һﲱӣһơƵ˺һŷҲˬظˣٻȴֻһ롣
Фվƿٻ˵쵼ôܸأ
һˣһˣ㻹˼Ҫ󣿡ٻá
ФʲôʱܹĴ̼Ų˵ãҵ㣡
ҲУһˣҿǸŮӣôȰٻװųӡ
˵ôȣ
һ
ãҽͻȥˡФˬ˵漴ָԼصһˬһӣˡ
ٻεҲ˵Ʊʣµİ뱭Ҳˡ
˾ػ
һˣͷŷ٣ĵʵٽ㣬ٻľôһ֪Фľ״̬ơƣһʮƿơƲڻ£մ˼㣬ٻҲҪȵƿҡһŮӺȶˣɲǺ£οŮӻԼ˾
ҵľôŷٷʵ
һһԺֳϴ˺Ժ컷⣬ŷٿʼˣɺıֺѣ˿Ǻȹƿƣ૵ػشҿɿľ
ŷһ⻰Ҳı֣ߺæת⡰ٻľֻ߲͡
һ󣬾ȵŴͣץžƿצФͶȥͬһƳѹֶ˵ھϱŮˣԡ
֪УѾơƣȻФ϶ǵ֮ĹھڽһӡһŷٶʾԱҪˡФͨ죬ϲʱײײģһģȥ䵱һرڡٻͺ֮ǰ̫ı仯ֻ˫΢죬ͷһϸʱһԸղŷٵŲɣһԻĹ¡
һǼФ˺÷ƼңŷٿųȰ͵ᣬȻٰٻͻؼҡһФڴϵʱ򣬼̱ˣһƽʱȥԵ֣ʱģﻹڲͣţɣٿһƿһЦҡҡͷȥϴˣҲƿ΢΢ео裬һ¡
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ĴţͼϤɫɣڰͣ·ߣһæ򿪳ţ̽ͷȥֻŷö˶˵ڼϣŴ˿˸ϣ˵һΪʲôأܵһ˵һĨϵĺˮ˦˳ȥ
ŷһЦĵʵôҰһʲôأ
һɫǿˡһݺݵ˵
ҲŲء˵ţǱزǰһͦһֻһƬѩףһ¶Էӱǿ߳һͷת˳ǰﰵ˵۲Ĳ
ŷ𣬵һЦ֪ƺȶˣ졣һ룬˵ú֪˭˭أû˵ʡΪصĴ治֪ŮʲôʱһôˣǱˡ
ŷһֱϿԼʮԺբߣźӵһˮ·ߵĵƹ쳣Ļ谵Ǻ̸ѳֱΪ·
˳Ժ谵С·ϣŷȻذһİٲȻһеŮһʼ̫ϰߣֲҳ֣˶ԷҲ˳Ȼˡһ·Ժһŷٵֱ΢΢˶Լŵұ˶ԷʱһĸоϮȫټΧﲻʱĳصĴϢ΢ĸоֻ侳ˣ᾿жô˾ʹࡣ
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һתۣʮȥˣһڲʱ佥ǵߣ֪ʲôʱʼһذϢںίظԺ紫´Ҫʽˡʼֻദò֮ͬ䣬ҧҧ䣬չڰ칫ңʳﶼС̸ۡ
һ磬һܵһ죬ҶȽϷɡƵ˸ոڰ칫ǿص˵һϢһԺ󣬼Ѿöˡ
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λǿʳָպ˵ˮд˸ˡ֡
ܣôأ񷴲ڱΣҲӦհ
֪ʲôӦյģϴǸԺպܲðȻҲûʲôˡǿ˵ţƳһһۡ
ϢĶģļٵģٻʵ
иί֯˵ļٵģǿص˵ɨһۡ
УҪί֯ϢԴͲˡٴ
ǿ󣬾Ȼ˹ӣƵ˵ûί֯ĹϵţҪһ£֪ϢǼˡ
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ĹǶκίǵϢ㴫·˽֪ϢԺ󣬻һ˱һҪƣȻس˽ܡ˽ܸϢʱΪǶһ˹ɢģĿǶơϢԽԽȷеʱҲסˣгĵ绰òشһ绰ڳ׵գڴѩ׷ɵĶһ㣬ίǵѡδȷίرʾ֧Ƕ˽֪ΪȺǣгҪʱίߵúܽаѹס֮⡣Ƕ׶ܣܳ˵á˽ܷµ绰Ժǰצģæ绰Ը˾ѳԼȥݡ֮ǰ˽ܻȥһũС
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һ̤Ժ󣬷һѾȵƷ衣Ƕ˽æվкϵܣãá
һһԭǿ˹׻ѦʤҲȥͶԷһգ˵Ѧܣá
ϵܣѦʤһλһȻȥһǹ˾ܣһɳôҲֲԼʲôǵСǫһ̸λѦʤһһһߡ
ȻѦʤͣʽǳķʢлʽϵġͷзʨͷͷͷкüһвϵę́ԺѦʤƱһ˵ϵܣǲʶⱭҾ㣬Ҹˣ⣡˵꣬һӣһİ׾ƵһһԷǳŽύԼҲдҲѧѦʤӣѱоһڸˡѦʤֻˬ죬ΪһһæкԲˣԲˣ
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һŴͣ쳣Ծʮ򣬴ʱһĹֻٲ൱һʮĹˡ
̸һǣûڣǿЦԣѦܽҪúøл㰡
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ڶһһͺФϵһȥ򿴿ФݲμһѵࡣһֻգԼһ̤аͳ
ͨФĽܣһֻ֪ľҪڶͶ壬ǰһɴ岿ǣͷһľ·⣬չòãήˡͶмľ󻧣ֻ֣ǸԷչԺһ㡣
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׵ģûС㵽ǰȥûԼӦУǰһƬǶ
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СС֣ʮĶɡũ˵СС֣ȴһ顣
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࣬һҲʹǧǮɡֻ֣ûԸһ˵ţһһơ
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˹·ֱϣ˴ʮӣͿһ͵ĻľռʮĶ⡣һ߽ߵһשСһС칫һŵ˴ȥȽϼªһʮľݺǰڷ˲ᡣ
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һӹ̣˵Ǻģһļ۸񡣡
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ʵԼСžţЩľũͲֵǮʱ򣬸ŴʮǮһã׬һǧǮǿ»ԼȾء
һʵٿԺȫԷŻصˣԺ󣬿Ħгһ·ɱûԵĻľԺ󣬸ٿҲʵˡûҲΪˣϾղĻҲԼٿã˼ҲδҪһҪûԵĴ룬Լ֮ǩͬʱȵ绰ϵ֮ǰһȻǱľ⣬û˵ʱˣһͼۡһҲŶԷǸ֣˷ˣľģϾᣬ϶
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ڶһ磬һȴ绰ٻ١Դڿ¼ԺһίڱĽ䣬ڵ˿־һ״̬һոնʮ˵Ŀǰûʲô취ıһ״һѦʤṩľ̻ᣬϧҲһ֤ԼĻᡣ
üٺһֱ;վѾͳȻԼãߵڳվͷһվոߵӣһ̯ǰҪһϡӣζس緹ֳ̣ٽߵʱ򣬳Ȼڴһ⳵ˣͷ͹ɼŸСĴֵָһģһæӭȥһлȻҲӹ̴Ż𣬾ͳȻ￴һе㲻ˬҲ֪ǰδɵСӣܵģһٶҪúһǩЭ飬Ҫÿ
һ׼ȥƱȻѾһſӦĳƱʱߵʮġһ˵лл˾һȥ塢ӣͿʼƱϳˣ䣬Ȼôһ绰ȥ߶ԷǴʮһҵӦ졣
糿ñȽ磬˳Ժ˶ʼһҵҡΣһˣһѾ˻շվˣ·һ֪˻շվŻʮҾҪӦˣҲ׼˯ˣֱ壬ԼͷѡȻǹýŵʱġžýϤĹũһһ󼤶ǰŽͨʱʹĹΪ֮𶯣ǻȫԼںųӵľýϣĵһš⿰漣ΰ󹤳̣һĳԼȻʱһѣֻҪŬһܻóɹġ
˾ýԺ󣬾ͽӦǣʻ˶ʮң͵Ӧġ˳ԺһųȻվڵķȥͻȻǰиеϰ壬ߡ
ȻͷкһһһŻӶ䣬īȥ˸ǰȻͶԷһգ׼һʱֻһ̫ȷڶһ
һһ㶣룬ôʶԼأǿȥãһǣ
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Ȼæ˵ܣͲ鷳ˣҸطȵ裬΢Ϣһ£ǩЭ飬ǻøϻȥһҲæǡ
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˳˷꣬ԱߵһҲ¥Ϣ֮ƽóһݴӡõЭ飬һӹϸһ£ʵܼ򵥣۸֮ǰ̸õʮԪһãҪףʮ֮ͻ֮ǰȴһĻĵȻ塣ûʲô⣬һǵݸ˳ȻſȻӹЭ飬濴һ飬Ҳûʲô⡣һصó˸ֱʣЭǩԼ֡ƽӹȥҲˢˢǩԼ̶̵֡ļӣЭǩˣΪ֮ǰиѦʤ̵棬˫֪֪ףȻҪۣػǮ
ƽһҪпţ˼ϾͿ԰ǮĿϡһ˵ԼôæûüпأȻصٴ绰֪
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ʱ˵в֪عȥˣ;վʱѾˡ˷֮ǰһӲڳȻİлʾĸлһûмŻᣬǾͽڳվԱߵһũһſȻѿŷ˳ѧĺϡΪֲƽֻ˶ԷԼпš
һصԺ󣬿ǳſˣ˸磬Сʱĳټƣƽ͸ΣڴϾԺ˯ˡҲ֪˯˶ãͻȻεεεһһʾٻص绰ŷŮʿʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˣ룬ʱŷôԼѵʲôæ飬Ǻϵˣæ¥ȥص绰
ԭŷٸղμһλͬµĻ׼Լһȥ衣һ˯һ棬һ뵽ŷǳջ壬˷ܲѣ߶ԷԼ¥µĵ绰ͤŷǣһ͵Ȼʮӣɫɣɾͣһߡ
ϳԺһŷ˵һûԷأҸСҳԵ㣬Ӷˡ
ˣ㻹ûгԷҲ֪һ쵽æʲôٻ˵춼ûȥϰࣿŷϱԹʵٻ˵һûȥϰ֪࣬ʲô£Ϊڣ׼ʳʲô顣
ҽе顣һԷ˵ĿǲˬǱ㲻ٴ
ŷŷԼղ˵Ŀ⣬ǹҡǰиŵͣ³һŸɾŷٵһҪƿơƣһæϰ˵Ҫơƣ˲١Ƕŷ˵ˡ
һṦ򣬲˺ͷˣһǶˣ̻ʵسŷһ߾ؿţһŶƵģԲѡ
лһһ뷹ŷٵӣ̲סڴȤ
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ʲô鰡һȻϵˡ
ŷٵǹһЦԼôģ
һһͷˮ㷢ʲô񾭰ʲô䲻İ
ҺĹıˣȴʶô
һһᣬŷӦ˵ð㣬Ȼǹ㳢ҵ˵꣬ȥŷٶ֮زһѡ
ŷæŤͷæµĴŵϰ壬ãϰæųˣ۾û߿ŷֺݺһֱһѣС˵˾䡰å
һЦѸղռʥŮ֣ڱӸǰݺݵᣬһҾåˣôļơ
֮ǰǵСңһɢˡȳѾŵˣҲûȥȤˣբߡһ飬ԭԭظŷ١ŷҲΪһˣ׬ǮȻһ棬ҪǣһûΪڲ¼ȥĵġ
̸ԺһҲûԼħצŷǳһֱԷˮɽա


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ڶһ磬һæǰ೵ʱŸոߵһ㡣ľʱûԲŸո𴲣һˣ̵衣֪һǩЭʱ򣬸ϲЦտõͬʱȴ쳣ϸжãв̫ĵطֱһʣȷûκʱڹͬǩԼ֡
һٿõ⣬û˵ѾϵˣһǧҪ󳵣ӳ֡һҪһǧҾͺ˸ۣʱŰپſˡһ󣬶ڼ۸ǱȽģ֮ǰһ乫˾۸ߡ
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ǣУһʺ
һǰԼǢ̸ľˣææҵزһϪһһ֧飬簡˵һôϲȵУԭй͵֧ث̡ϴοǿһݸǴлһϪߣ׼дһģ˫ò֡
ǸһӸһڣǵˮ©һӹ̣˳ְ˻˵
̣һ˵֧飬ϴκ˵飬֪׼ôˣ
˵׼ˣ͵ٿֻ಻١
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ӳóϻϸоÿʮͣá벻ũջӷµĻľȻܻңԼԴд׬һʡԭڸߴκͻƵʱ򣬶˵ʮǮһã˻һֻŴ˿ǮһãŴһ˵ǴȻܻǮĶܰ˿顢ʮ飬Ȼͬ⣬˸жµġÿÿ׬Ǯһǧ룬ɸˡԼϲ߶ǱԹԼŪǮλؼҿҪúõһʲô˵
һĶ֪⿴һź֧ͬ飬Ȼ֮뷨ûǿ˵֧飬㿴ûʲô⣿
⣿һ㶣͵طӦ˼ҵԼǩأæ˵û⣬û⣬ǩ
ӹֱʣںͬǩԼ֣һдֵֶ΢΢Щ
ͬһʽݣһеһݷŽͳлݸһ֧ӹֹ
һʵ֧飬ʲô⣿
ǣǮʲôʱܡ
֧źһ˵֮ҾͰǮȻʲôʱװ
ͷһʯͷ˵أһһ䣺飬ΪΪǴһⰡˣǻľ滹㻹Ҫ𣿡
һ룬ƽֻҪ鵣Ҫ˭ȥϻǿ˵ʱҪҪĻһϵġ
ҲԷķܳɷ֣̾˿˵֮ǰֵʱֱӸ´ȴ˹ʡҪ㣬һѵĻľһĶֵֻܳ䵱ջˡΪЩݲݣûٰǵǿһӵĿˮ
һʵҲĵĹٳ쵼ǶֻעνֻһʱľЧ棬Ͳġ쵼̨Ժһ㶼ᰴǰε·㣬ΪúǰεĹͣòҪԼȥеΣ˭ҲԸԩͷǣ࣬ҴҵĹģĿ٣Чȴܲ;ϣ˲ơβ¥֮ģŽֹҲһܴԭ
һᣬһ͸ĦгϻصûǣĦгԺ˻غаͳ³ͽӵФĴԼȥ÷ƼҳԷһȻˬ츰Լ
ʱ䣬绹Ҫϰֻ࣬һƿơơФǸմݻ극ҪϵȥϰࡣһͰԼϸظФǸ̾һԼѵ治ʱҪһһҲܷСơһ󣬴󷽵˵һ䣺ģ׬Ǯˣһ롣
Фļ磬ĵ˵ֵܣ⻰Ҿ֪ˣһ룬ͲҪˣʱɵúúҴһ١
һ˵һһ
˼߳ԱģͻȻФ˵ǣ쵼ô
ʲô쵼ĸһһ׼ͣһûӦ
ǣǣǿƳٻФȻ
һФеĲװһشǿΪǫͣؼƯǰɣ
Ф٩ĳɷ֣װӣ˵Ҳһʡ
һȻŹФĻᣬ漴ӿڵô˺˴ĵģ
ȥ²ԣһҪϳء׼͵ȥϰģ˭֪֪ˣҷһͨǼƾͲҳˣҵԺĵ绰̣Ф㬵˵
еһߣħһɣ˭㲻úϰ࣬͵һֻ˵
˺٩һԺ󣬸ȥϰ࣬ٻһˣ֣٣ôϰˡһ˵ˣȻûǺúøлٻһ
ңһӵ˳ѧĴ֪ǮѾԼ˻ˡ˴ԼСʱң˴Ҳע֮ʣһĵί죬ԶһũУùԱһ£ȻӦһʿӣǧԪһȡһԪһŰԪ󳮣һǳˣе㼤ۿԼĵһҪˡֱߵһõ绰ͤȴ˸绰ѧһǮԼѾյһ棬һʲôʱ򷢻ѧӵ绰Ժ󣬸һԽԽã̶ͷܳƣ÷췢һæûԵĵ绰ҪʱԼȸһĻûȻûЩͬϹ涨õģ˵糿㵽Ƶңװɣ㵽Ӧˡ˵绰Ժһæϵһʲôطûȥһֱڵ绰ԣһ绰ҲԼ绰ͨԺһһȻ˵ȻҲ顣
绰ԺڴһֽһҲûٻȥϰ࣬ٻ˸ԼҪ٣Ȼֱӻصᡣϣ׼绰ŷٵģԼ׼¶ԷЦԼûгǸҲˡϣҲ֪Ϊ̫ȣǱʲôԭһһֱٽʮʱ˯š
ڶһ磬һ೵ûԵĻľʱѾһƬȻĳˡĶһЩũ帾ŮǵĶȴǳӣһ鵾һߡһſţǰֳԼĸףΪ˹ѧĸǳԾ˿ͷĸףũȫɣũʱ̹á˵࣬һӡûĸйһ࣬һۡԼԺһؼҿĸԵġģһТġ
Ϊ˸ʱ䣬ϢһСʱһùⲻȥÿ˷ʮǮĽ·ѣһ⻰ҵĸɾˡңٿȫװ˳ϢԺһͺûһ˴ļʻңһӦȥ
ӦʱѾˣѧ͵ˡ򵥵Ժûзκ⣬ѧк˹жжԺ󣬽˵㣬˼򵥵س˶ٱ㷹ԺָϻغʱѾʮһˣһҲ˯ûԵĻľ򵥵س˸裬Ͼˡ
ڶ͵һһæµǵĴټҪӴ˵ǵ󹤷򡣻ӦʱѾ˵ˡжԺ󣬳ѧһˣ˵ԼѾǿ䡣һһҲǣΪ˰ȫϢһߣȴһٱʾķӦԼеѧֲһֻͬˡ
Ժ󣬳ѧһһ˷䡣ѧӰóһǮһ˵ʣµ壬һ¡ñȽֱӴȡ˳
һӹǮ˵ʲôѵŲ㣡ѧȻ˵㻹ȴǳˣ治Ǵſɿһ𳤴ġ
̣ѧһ㾿׼⣬׼٣ͷˣվǸ֮ư
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Ȼȥ´Σ⻹ȱʲôģҾͺϵѧ˵
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һᣬѧվ׼ˡһͳٿǮӲĿ㶵ѧ˵ʲôҲҪ˾˺һֱһˣѧżԸˡһѣ̣κ鶼ܻ˹ء
ڶһ𴲣ظϡ˺˾˷ѽ壬һæȥϰ࣬þȻûгٵ


ڶʮ ɪ
һ칫һᣬ½½ˣȴҸոǿص˵йǺһϢ֪ûȤ˵꣬ڴؿŴңһǿСɣҲȥƽϡ
˵˵˵㡣
ǿҶνϢȤҲûӵȤǵſһŵ˵϶ûϣһֱӴʡġ
⻰һʱǧˡȲʵϢĶģģٵģ
ϴβ˵ôֱʡˣ̷
ʹǿܲ˵֪ʲôƻ仯ٳϵĹأ´һ̣һж˱ǿ⻰˵ÿһûĵĹٳϣȷʵܴ·⡣
ٿˣǿŷŻ˵ϴδҪǶϢԺҲһг·ӡ˫ִ£ֱһ
˵ҲףҪֱҲӦе飬ôʡأʲôʱ򴦼ɲҲҪʡˣץס˺ǿݺݵ˷
ô˵ѵûʡֱŵĸɲ·ˣǿûش⣬͵˸
ٻ˫ֹ࣬ˣҿϺ˵ĻһĿŶȡ
ٻĻ˶ˣһ쵼㷴һ棬Ҳ֪ٻкǿıҲᣬͳΪƵĵˡܴҶ֪ʲôҲ˵еĳλ쵼ҵݣҺ񻹺ܽϲ飬֪ÿ϶һҪ࣬Ȼ޳ɺǿĹ۵㣬˵ղŵǸ˵϶һĿŶȡǿٻĻ󣬳ų˼۾˼˵ǶԵġһ򰵰һģ룬˭һ֣˽ܻǶҪǿϾǣԼίĴͷʲôƫ
Ժ󣬴ұ㿪ʼæµһڹ˼ίϵһƪ壬γǿͽٻһһˣ̾ת
Խдʱþǿ졣ıæµһûͷտյģæһ磬дҳֽԼ˻Ǻ⡣Թ緹ԺһѧĻУֱַûԺ˸绰ʣµһԼ糿ȥǽ壬ǵʱԼĵ绰
һµ绰Ժ룬úõ͸ŷ٣һлʱԼİһ棬ҲǸŷ͸ԼлһֵֻƵĴ
һ漴ִȡǧԪǮȻ˺̳ǡһۺԵ̳ԷװЬñӪΪҲӪʳƷõֱͻƽƷһ˻ƽƷ̨ϸѡ󣬸ԼӡУŷٵĴ·񣬸ѡһ׹εѵõι׹м侹οյģȥƷλ۸ҲǲƣȥһǧٶǮ
ԺһͲͨŷٵĵ绰֪һԼԷŷٺǿġֻȥί˸棬ٻȥˣһʽȹ׼ϸһһϲ
һæǷݽ壬㲻ʱˡΧȥգһѸȥӡԺҲǰᡣ
صԺһԼ˵ŷٳԷʱ򣬲û˵ȥĶ˵˹йŮģȥ÷ƼҲ̫㣬⡣˰죬ҲûȻǾ绰ŷ绰ͨԺŷһº󣬾˵ȥݳ͡һȻԼѾɶԷȻҲͲ˼ˡԼʱ䣬ŷһ
һʱ仹磬Ǿͳ˸裬һһ㣬ģ쳣ܡϴһóǰıֽطͻȻֽϵһϢע⣬ǡʡίֻöлίػʮ꣬Ϊöигһһ룬Լصѧҵ˳ί죬ΪƾԼͲŻһܳͷأӹٽ츣һ˭֪ողμӹһµʱ䣬ͱã䵱˱˳ӣøְ³ԼǿѧϰҪߵ·кܳܳڻĹĹٳ죬ƾһǻѪԶԶģʱø촦ı³
һڻûʧ֮ʣ¥ͻȻϤæԼץһ£ƤЬͼææ¥ȥˡ
Ժһŷٽ촩һȹںܵͣ¶ߵļȹҲǳ̣ȥԸСһʧǵӣŷһˣԼѡ·ЧȻſʵôÿ𣿡˵ţظǰͦͦ
ÿ·ÿһԵõӣ٩һ䡣
ŷһߵͨ죬һ˵åͷЩ߰Ķ˵꣬㲻һؿ
һѵһ䣬Ҳ˵ˣŷزĽװʣ⿪ѧ𣿡
ѵǲѣؼɣҪѧϢʱ㡣ŷƽ˵
ðұȽϱɵĵؽ̡
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ŷٵʾ£߽ʯӡ͹ݣһ֪ȫ͹ݣţǣ۸ҲǲƣӦкüңһٴûȥԺ߾һ͵ŷٿûֱ˵һݷţţ߷죬Ҫ֭һī翾ᣬһ⳦оһţⶹƬơԺһҪʲôţţ
һ˵һ
ǾݷţţҪ߷죬һҪ֭һݺڽ֭ʱҪЩ˵ţǱĵ͵ֻߡ
ãλԵȡ΢Ц
һͳһڣһѧģ˵ζˣԺɲ׼̡кæصͷ̡֤һæˣŷ¶һֻĻЦһܣ˵ѹ·µڽͷһ㣬Եˣǳ
һţžˣһѧŷٵӣòͽֽסԼƿԺֻһž˺һͣЪһò棬õʼţһ֪澭ܿŷپ˾ƱһҲæһһһȫȵתһ룬ֻҪһڣͿˡ۾һ飬ȻŷѾ˱ӣľȴûҲѧ΢΢һڣ룺ĶǺȾƣֱԺҪǮԣҶ
ŷٿҲһĲ죬һĸղ˹ɣٵǰʳһṦ˶ˣһȥʱ˾ȻȥǾòֵ
ţŷٿһһƣʣôǮˣ
ǵǣֻǾòֵĶǳԷͬһ㡣һ㬵˵
ŷݸһЦȥӰһȻ
ӰʲôһǺ˼ŷٵϣڵӰԺĺţΧһƬտյΡһʼֻΧ̽ʹٽˡһԼҪˣŷٵĶߵ˵ȥҸݣŷ΢΢˵ͷ
һ§ŷٳ˵ӰԺţӰԺƺҲֲ֡˾ڸһԽϵεùݿ˸䣬ŷٴʱͷԻǺģóԼ֤ݸ˷Աɲһʱ嶯һպ;ʲô
˽˷Ժ󣬶ûüƣͽһ𣬴ʱһǳ׼ŷƿָָĴһȥϴϴ͵˹һṦ򡭡
ŷæһƿѸٱ䡣һʱŷֻ£ϵϯ϶ʪģæ򿪿յضסͷڡ


ڶʮһ ͷ
ŷٴʱһڴϳº̣ŷٽ۾ֱˡŷٶȻ۾Լϵߣæ߼̺һǺһЦ˵㲻Ȱ
ȣŷ˵ţ̺
һͷ˵ҲҪȥ˵꣬ŷͬ⣬̺˽ȥûһṦ˾;ûðǲԼͬƵ̺ӣһ˻ϸشŷ١͸Ӵķ϶΢·ƹ⣬͹ԣ˫̲סֿʼһ˱²漴һεࡣ
÷Ժ˶׵ˣŷٴҴҵȥһ䣬һû´
εεΣ˴˯оѣÿһ֪Ѿʮˣƽʱʱ𴲣ϴϣٳԸ緹صλɽ첻ˣ˴ʱڶʮ๫ءȻ϶ҲͲٻˣе·ٿŷƤһһģʵѾˣǲ˼۾һͷشսĴŷٴʱҲ̲סˣ͵۾װŭå
һЦڽåˣϣ˭еôģ
㻹˵˵˵ţץͷͶһȥ
һһ߶һЦ˵󰡣
ŷٴʱʶԼ߹ˣæ̺˾֣ӱ緹ʱѾ˵ˡٳ֮ǰһ쾫׼Ҳοյ֣µعŷٵĲϡŷټøһһǡ˵ͣȡϳʱѾŵˡ
һһƣٻȥȻ˵ôڲղųģ㣬Ҳء
һæóһںһƬæͣղŻǺúõģûˡʲô°
û˵ֻǽˣȥһİ칫ҡ
һæǿİ칫ȥǿԺ󣬱˸ɣһ³ٵԭ򣬳ǿû̫⡣һͷںĲһ£дһ㱨û˵ʲôãһȻҲûʣΪ쵼飬ȥִоͿˡ
ʱ䣬һæȥɳǿֱɡȥԺ󣬳ǿ󣬻ǱȽģһ䡣
ںϢѾǷ꣬˵Ѿǳ´̸ˡڼߣкü汾һ˽ܼΣһǶǶϢͨʿϢ˵һֽݻʡֱӿսͺǿĹ۵ΪһȻһֹ۵㣬Ͳ֪Ǽ١
ʵǺҲ֮ʣĺίѡѾˮ棬ʡ֯Ϣ־ƳժӡǳȱݵļڰԽϾ׼ѡԼе˳Ρ˭֪Ÿʡίί֯޿ľһ绰ί˵ذ칫ңίʡѾ˰ţίҪˣ˵ھͻȥ¡еһ˵ȣ˵ʡֱӲ˺ίǵİţȻҲϢˡϢĿǰںίм䣬Ѿˣ˽ܺǶ䶼δԸڶԷҲûгɹиο塣
һФ˵ģһֱһңԼϣĽ
һ磬һȥ򣬺ûԡʣĻûһһԺչ⣬һһ벻ҪǴػľǮԹһҲĶʱͳѧϵһ£ܲܰŴĻľһĻе˼æһԱ⻨ľѾһֵɽ󣬴˵ЩľⲻֵǮռ˷ֵأҪϴҸ˵ǮŸͷЩݲݸˡڼڰѻľ֣ϾһִģһѪɲܾôûˡ
һصʱĵ룬ԼФŷԼƵļλͬһԷҪΪФǲðԼٻ׶ԼҲ٣£һˣֹ쵼ǰҩʱ仹磬ԼҲûطȥصҲģҲŷٳǱФԼһȲ裬˳һ£ίϢ
һФԼϴκŷȣ͹۵˵ǱȽϵصģȻ۸˵㣬ڵһȻںǮԺҪһƷȻ̧ͷһϤӰǰһһϸһ糤Ĺϣ۾εİ׽ⲻϴվԼСײϵغͬѧ֣ôģ֡ٿĶ滹һŮƤ΢ڣҲһ˵Ц
һǰȥ˸кֱžһԭֱһ˦ǰһϵԿڵءһæʰԿף˵Բֻһ۾ʮˣӹԿף˵ûϵһģһʮСӣ۷һ⣬˲ȻһģȥֲѣΪСӶǴ۾Ϊ
һǰߣ֣ã
ô㣬һ֣кԼΪС㡱˧ӡϴκغٻʱȥҹûϣʱһѾϰˡ
ھϰడôģһʡ
ұ飬ģɩۡ˵һָŮӡ
һŶԷЦЦǴк
ôվ֣顣
һ׼ʱſͻȻһ磬ղСأ˵䣬һӴˣһʱеĢͷݸ߸ָ֣˵
ԭղ֣̽ǰһͷʱ򣬾ͱ⼸漴ϲĻᣬȣ벻⼸һﻹ겻ɢȻҵˡ
ʲô۴˵
ʲôֻߵС椽ѡĢͷһЦ޳ܵ˵
ҲʶǣҲǽѡ֣˵
֪˭ǿ̫үĹӣ֤ġģٻ󡣡˵ͱ׼ǰˡ
һŭɶֺݺݵ쵽ǰħצȥ漴ȵס֣û˵˼Ҳǽ
ĶСҹ飬Ҳ˭ǣϣСӡĢͷС
ţҽһǺίģҵĹ֤ǿɲҪһóԼĹ֤־š
ίģίģҲմ󡣡Ģͷ
һһƣ֪޷ȫˣӶȭݺݵĢͷţһȭһƶֻ֪Ģͷҽһֱˡһ漴̽ϣԼԼͷϵȭͷܲˡѧ˵Ĵܾ飬ڵҹѵ£׼صĿʵʩһ汳ġ
֣۱ǰһĻˣæǽǶܣһҹ֣ȷӦæóֻһ롣
һȵĹЧκ˫ȭֻ֣м֮޻ֻ֮˫ֻͷķˡ֣۶Ҫˣһ˻ߵغţˣˡ
ͻȻſڳһǳɫĵӣͷϵļǷһǸӡ֣ۼӽһ硢Ϲ֣ıԶ
һԽһѸ߱ӣŮԡָ֣һ˵ҵѣ죡
һ⻰Ѹһȥмһ֣֪ûУȭţΧһĸСͱڵءǱ˳ΪСӣһƲԣ׼ͱԶһѸסˣһӣǰӴӴֱлԶһ֣Ҳ˹ֻһϣҲѪ֣æóֽһѪ
Զ֣ۡһģ֣ҪȥͷԶȥװӵ֣ĵ绰˹
ô£˭ڴܣֿΧ۵Ⱥ˽죬ղŻڵһ˾æˣǸĵġ
Ϊ׵ɳȫرæָԱ͸ˣӵ110ָԺֻԴ˹ѭȥڵµľس˽ܵĶĸҲƽʱһĺѣǸĢͷݸ߸ίظȫͲһЩνĹӸǣϽǣʱŪǱϴλϰݿ˹һ٣ԷϾسĹӣҲ̫֣ǳϵԱһŬ죬ȰҲĽȫŪˣġǱĵСһ˷ŵġȫͷƤһ飬ʲô˰ȭžͷŵġصʮǰԼǻᣬһŵͲˣԼСĵ㣬϶ǸƲ硣


ڶʮ س˭
ԺȫųԶһЦЦʵλ˭˵˵ô£
֣Ͱľһһʮ˵һ飬ȫȻ⼸Ⱥ֮ĹǾ׼һֻۣһֻۣŪȥˡȫ˫ټһ䣬˵λҿôˣǶ֣ˣҲûʲô⡣
һľۺȫı֣ѾµǱΪ磬ܾ˽ܵĶӡںܱΪ̫үľͳ´ɺ˽ܣ´ɵĶӦòֹͣǽͲˡȻ֪ɳƫ̻ԼҲ˵ʲôˡ
֣뿪ڣپԱקԼ·ŤͷһһֹӣȻǱԶ۵Ĵϲ֮գŪòʰĻû̷ｻ˵ҪǱԼǻƢϰ֪ˣҪѹԼĽˣ˵ȥྩˣû˭ָҵ費Լ״أǣӲǰѵ˺ڵĻӲ˻ȥ룬֪ǼһǸʲôسĶӣеǻʰԶ˿ԼϱҲӲסûпڡ
ߵûпڣȫ˿ȴظ˵ܾôˣ⳥ʧȫ޲óȥļһԼ̻ǣ˼ǷҲټƽϣȴ飬Ǳ㲻ֱӿ֪ǵͷֻҪ˵һ仰ӦþͲٱQˡ
ʵѾѳԶ֣ıһһ֪ŮټƽϣΪɵԼسӵݣʲô鲻òҲ˾¿ͷóԷǿŤټ׶ϰ־µ͵һ㣬ʱͬˣؼδ֮ϰ˽ܡһǼСĿ⣬֪ʹ˰ֵĻִӴںͽһĲֵһһؼʱ˵ϴ󣬻˭Ը졣
֪ȫԼ̬һɤӣŶԷЦЦ˵ô˵˾Ͱ״ˣﻹǲǺ쵼µˡ˵ţһָԶ
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ȫĻһֶ֣룬һǳԴҩˣôԼ˵ĪǶԷʲôǿıӦҲ񰡣ҪĻһʼƫԼⷽĥһᣬûȻٿȫһβӣҲͲٺ£óֱֻһ룬ߵһȥ绰ˡ
ʱֻһֻԶóһͷǳСɵֻཱུһ˽
ι׳ãԶ˸׼ľ
Ѿˣʱû취ȥǡ
Ų׼˵鷳£ںȡŶԣԣϴǺȲĵط͹ã̫ˣлл˵꣬־˸׼ľ
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˫뽩ֵʱһ˽ȫһ˾ȻǺعֳ񸱾ֳ߷棬æ߹ȥ˸˵߾ֳã
߷΢΢֣ǻˣȻضȫ˵ǸʲôԵģ˹Ź˺ˣȻȡʩ
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ʲôִУ߷ȫ͵Ļᡣ
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ʲôˣ߷֪Լͷǲˡ
ʲôˣղųֵλУʵ
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ʱݳǽĳݣ˽ĸţӭͣϵظλƴңͬʱһУƶ˸߳ǻҵ˲мԼŸеоϼһձˡǲװӡ˽Ҳ˵ඣඣ뵱꣬պͻƴҹϵʱһҹΣÿʮϣڣμûжʮӡ׶Σ˽Ϊ˸һѾкóʱûһƴˡίѾңʱ䣬ŻƴҵתһȦ˼·һݣ˾æŷΪֹţ˰Ѵ󶼹رˡ
ȵʱ򣬿һλУףԱУſֻʿţƣ˼ٿ߷εվһԣ϶ŵ˽ǰǵĶȫæ첽ȥ˸񣬰ľҪػ㱨һ顣󣬺ݺݵص˸߷һۣ˽ܽһĳ񸱾ֳܲðȻԼǳô鷳
ӲͷƤߵ𵶶λϵĴУǰ־˸Ȼ˵Уͬ־һᡣ
᣿һﲻ˼Ź۾ˣǾ쵽󣬲ִ׼вܺˣôᷨһ͡УӲ˵δ֮ǰԶѾľϸظ˴УӥͻӴӳ
ղ֪ⶼǸ߷ĹԼΪֺ˽ܣԼƨɣѸ߷Ůһһʺһ飬ٿڵϵһģ룬ţһ˰ɡһᣬ˽ܵĶǵ£У˼ưոݣǸϽȰԼժҪǿ˵Уͬ־㿴漰ǺصҪ쵼㱨ٸ𸴡
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ûڣ߷æ˵УǾƾʲôߣسĶӡ
һ룺߷氡߷棬ԴǲǱżˣ˼ҸղѾ˵ˣһ˼Ź۾ˣֻһѾˣУʱȻ˽̧ѵΪӦƾϴһسҪ֪Ӧǻߴ֮һֱӦӥͻӵĴӳ˵ǸУ¾ʡίί˾Ҳд
Ȼ˸߷ĻУվ˵˾䡰س˭ȻŤͷͳţУҲţʿһһҼߡ
߷æţȵȣǡݺݵصһۣתҲ˰䣬ϳԺֱίȥ


ڶʮ 
Զߵһļ˵ֵܣû°ɣϵңʱϵ
һپܳæϵıǩдԼĺͰ칫ҵ绰룬ݸ˳ԶҲ˳ֽӹԷݹֽŽ¶
֣ڳԶ˹һС˵û°ɣ
һæҡҡͷ˵û£һƤ˶ѡ˵꣬Լĸ첲ʾһԼŶͷ
֣һı֣ŷϾΪԼŰôҪʲô飬Լ»βѣ˵û¾ͺãܵˣһ˫ֻ
һһ㶣Ůһμʱ쳣ߣ˵⻰ֻ󱳷ľȻص˵ͷʵһ֪ǣ֣һֱǸᡢŮ¸Ĵ̼̫ˣΪһС۹ﳤСʱܹίһΪҲشķģԴһҪΪֻع
ٳ֮ǰ֣ͷһ΢΢һЦ˵ұ飬һں졣
һסˣ룬㻹ҪںҸʲô˵Ŷ֪ˣ
ǵʱҵ绰˵֣꣬һֱ쵽˲ӸŤͷ첽ȡ
߷һ߳ȥȫҲ뿪ˣ֮ǰһ˸к⣬Ѱڵµļ˸ˣµʱǸУҪء
˶ԺһԼФԼùģôôʱ仹ûӰóһֻʾš²ˣֱȥ÷Ƽ㡣һԺֱ룬㲻˵Լװװһٴ϶ǺȲˣɴֱȥ÷Ƽҡ
˺÷ƼԺҺ÷Ҫ˵飬žñϵĵط÷Ǻ棬Ҳû˼ʳڡ
һֱң˶ˣҿһϴϣǳ֣ŷæеʣôˣϲǻúõ𡣡⻰ճڣԼͷ⣬æһ䡰糿ܲʱ·¥ſڣǿϺúõ𣿡
ٻ󣬹ŷһۣ룬û˵ʱҪʰôһæˡ
һѰȷһĻϸ˵ȻȥԼ֣ʶֻ˵ʱ·ƽε˵˽ܵĶӵ˴ˣҵ϶д𾪣룬Щʲô˰Ȼǿ
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㵱Ұ׳հʶǰһ˵
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ҾͲ֪ˣ˵ĿԼ˵̬ȣӦð˾ŲʮһûҰѻ˵
ǿֻ˵ˣοˡ˵س¾г˼Ҳһӡ
һƱյ֮ʣԶݵ˽һˣҪ˵˲ϻǲУһڹ󣬲֪˯ˡ˿˯ߵĻƴңŮ˸ԼѾʮͷˣ˵ûеƯˣԺŮҲһζ̺һ̣Ż˼ڣ˳ͷϵĴס˿
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ֻƴҲˣ˽ɫصĶŴڿæʵôˣʲôˣ
˽ܳ˰֣˷ͼǸ߷ĵ绰绰սͨһٵ𣬡سˣˡ
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߷æ緢˵һ飬ǿѾǰ˸ˡ
ʲôطȥˣ˽ܽŵʡĶӣŷǳ簮ԼæڹҲڹ̣ܽǶ˻ԼȥƨɣأҲûʲô¦ӡ벻ȻôĻ˴ˡ
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߷һ⻰ŵÿڶҿˡ
˽ܹҶϵ绰ԺһƬհףҪ˵ڵطϣܵеļ쵼Լõöҵ˵ϻˣڶӾȻǱ˴ߵģʲôͷܴӥͻӵˣԼ治֪Ǻá룬Ǿֱ´ɺ绰绰Ժ˽ǳ׵ˣ˶Լժøɸɾָæ侮ʯ㲻ˡ˽תһ룬ˣǸФƷɴ绰Էĵס绰Ժ˽ܾԼ·˱һ㣬ͷһֱ˽ţʲôӥͻӾȻôͷ˵ݾˣһ˿¶ãοԼĶȥأ
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سɳȻҼˣҴ绰ȥȫȻ˵ɲŻˡ
Ķôϻ泤ԡ˵꣬˽ܾ͹Ҷ˵绰绰ͷһһ㶵ģ룬ô£˽ܽǳԴҩˣôô˵
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֪ˣҴ绰ʡôϾӵˣʱܽǶӣ˲ʡİܲĵ˵Ҫ˽ո£ģùʡ
ǣǡ˽˵ȴΪȻ룬ǶҲʲôĶݳӵܡ
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һĻ˽ܵͷ亹ֱðؽ͵Ҳ֪Էķˡ
Ҹղݾϼͣ˵ȷʵھȨˣӥͻӵĺУ͹ȥѺġ
˽ܶʱ£Ͱ͵˵ǣǣǸôأ
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СʱԺ˽ܵ˺ѻƴҷԺֱӸίᡣһæţ˽ζؿһһۣȻЦЦżɽ˵Сͬ־ǶԲס㰡Ǹˡ
һ벻һ֮ȻԼǸǿ¸ĸİæ˵سˣֻǸѡ
Ȼ˽ҲٲҴˣֱʵ֪Сܲϵӥͻӵˣ
һʵ˵ֻгԶĵ绰롣漴ѳԶݣ˽˸˵
㿴ܲܺϵһ£ͶԷ档˽һ
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һĵӰеͬ飬һ뵽µһļƣһˬ룬̣֪֮ˣαصأ


ڶʮ 䵱˵
˽ܻصҵʱѾ˵ˣսţڼ޿ģһƣǳ⣺ʲôްӻûأ
˽ܵŻͼݹͻȻӵ߷ĵ绰˵ӵץˣæ˽ֻܵΣǹػʱ֪Ǻã඼û˼ϣֱӻؼˡ
˽һȣֹס˿˽ˮС˵˽ܣҪ취ۿɾһѽ
ʲô취þֱӱʡøǻ˽ܷݵ
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һ֣صԶҵʱѾˡһҵԶ˽ܴҵԶͷʾ֪ˡ˵ĵڣһ֣˺ڵķ䣬Լֻһһ߿˵ӡŵʮʱһվ·ڡ
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ſԺһԶĸĸվſӭǣæΪ˽˽ܣ˽æ첽ȥʺáԶĸĸˣȻ֪Ϊ˴һߵĵҲغ˽ܡ´ɴкԺ󣬳̸ֱӰ˺ڵķ䡣
´ɺ˽ܽԺֻװɳ죬ǸǵĴУ߻һòĹ˽æǰһͷ֣һǳɣϿҵ˵УǶԲסˣȮӸԼĲµǸˣ˲С˹̧֡Ǵ𵶵ɳϣֻ΢΢һ֣ʾ˽¡˽æƨɳͦñֱίǻг칫ӡﰵ˵㶮¡վһߵһæΪ´˽ܣԴ´ɵ̬Ҫõö࣬΢΢վͳ´֣´ɺǵؿ˽һۣȻԱߵУҲһһ֣һƨɳϡ
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ȻǿƣһֱڴھϵͳﲢûôƣԷҲץˣΪһ֮˵̬Ҳ׼ֵ׷ˣøǿߵǸУ˵ʦҿӦ˵ӥͻֻİٶˣӦľӢٵְȫǸ䡣
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֣ɤӣһ˵سǱ˼Ź۾ˣҿôҲʮµİɣ


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˽Է˵ԸԼĶӣǸˣһʱһţæ˵УҪֻᡣ
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֣ߺĵڶ磬ͽӵŷٵĵ绰ԼһԷһ˵Լͣһ飬ڼ֣ԭѾкüûŷϵˡ
һƫƧСһ⼸췢飬ԭԭظŷ١˵һ˵ʱŷһģ˵޴󰭣ɫҲͻһĹУȻʡȥ˺֣Ľеŷٻһ֣ͣǷƯһ˵ûƯʱЦˡʵԼһҲһ¶ˮԵ֮꣬Ҫ˵ʲôԼȾͽܲˣһ˵һԽӴʱﻹġô˵أҲǰգ˵ƺĲ㵽˻ƺһͷȥģҲڡ
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СԱ۷׷׵ʱ򣬺ļλʵȨҲ˼ԴӶӳԺ˽ܵ͵࣬ǶرԾݺݵش˽ܵš֮ǰΪԼںиĻȨʱΪ̹ȻӦǳ´ɣ˵ʧȥȨ˾ʴӣˮĹٳ˼ʮ꣬ȫˣҲӦ˵һֵҵ飬οԼ϶˽ܡǶûԸǣҲǸˡϼ̸ȷʱڹ˭ӰʱûƼκˣֻ˵˾䣬쵼ǶᡣܳһʱΪһ仰ˣ쵼ᣬԼϼͬʱҲԼ޳ɴӺеİӳԱмǣݺݵ˽ܡǶһѡ
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ʱųҲƣϽӵ˵ĵ绰ģαһ־Ƶʱڵ绰ˬشӦˣȴɻ־ƾʲôͷôһӣԷ˵ȻҲȥʡ룬Ƕ˸绰ôһú־ƵĹһ˽ܺиѹƵģɲΪĳЩɵ˺£ǵ˳ѷ죬ڲƵġʵ֪ǶδԸǣѾԹޣĪصһ뷨֪Ȼĸǰ¶˵ú־ƣ붼롣
˼֮ʣѾǰӭˣʾ˾ѳȺԼ塢׵ضԷͣ쵼øξ룬ӭӣαź־ҲһһҴӳĺ档


ڶʮ 
´ͷߵĸǰӶʱ˰أ˵ǣˣлݰٺָ
΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬ȥͳ´գȻ󣬳źаӳԱ˵һ䣺ǲǵİȻڳ´ɵļġ´ɶپܳĲһɨգֻ΢΢ź룬⻰Ҫ˵ܵ˴ЭְܰѼȥԳ´ɵĿ佱ѵû˿ĽﶼѾûκε壬˶ˣ̸ʲôѵҶѧźһݣЦ
´æȥαš־һһ֣ȥֻ֣վǰŵ˽ܡǶԼ˴Эֻ֣΢΢˻֣ǴкǶ˵һ䣬˭֪Ҳֻմմ֣Ǹ̲ѡ
αš־ƺͺһһһԺ˽ܵ˵ͬ־ǰҺͱŲһΪµİ೤ŴԺһЭѺĹȥ˵꣬Ŀؿźһˣæͷǡ⻰˵ÿνǳˣô֮Ȼң˽ܺǶȴΪȻﰵ룬˵⻰Ҳˣ˵Ϸ³
ֽ˵־ͬ־֮ǰʡί֯ϢְǺһλͬ־ŲзȨˡ˵ţαŵ˵ͷαҲæͷϣʡί־ͬ־ɵݺְǶǵΣǶǵ֧֣һܹʡίΡ
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ҲԼ˵˲ٵԵʣԳ´˵ǣҿȥίɡ´æαϳ־ĳǶ۰Ͱ͵ؿϳϣڴԼĳȻȴδκαʾ˽ܿǶʧ˵⣬룬Ϊ˼Ұ㵱ϵˣ㻹֪Ǹʲôء
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˽֣˵쵼Ժ˽ɤӣɫ˵ίί֯αͬ־Ҫʶ
αŴ˷磬˵ͬ־Ҵίȥ´ͬ־ίίԱίһְ־ͬ־ΪίίԱίǡ´ͬ־κίڼ䣬ŽίһˣؽȡŬܶΪľ÷չ˾޴Ĺסڴˣҽȫͬ־ҵλΪǵҵױͬ־Գߵľĵĸл˵꣬ų´һ̨֣¶ʱҵ´æһϹȻ˰֡
αŽ˵棬Ϊҽһ־ͬ־λͬ־֮ǰڻʡί֯ϢһְڹĹϵӴ϶࣬һλǿϳԿ̤࣬ʵͬ־ʡί쵼Σʡί쵼ݣǺĹػĴ£һӻԻͣ˵꣬һ֣·ָӼҽһָ֧ӣ̨¶ʱ˸Ϊҵ
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˽ܱ˵Ľѣæװһ˵ί־ͬ־
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־ƽ˵ȣлʡίʡίиĸλ쵼ҵΣҷҪһλãҽ
һְȨǳȻƽҵ档־ϯ̨µʱ;λǷ·ڼҴһ˱УҪʼվã־ƷǳƣƺʲôطɰԼĳһһ飬ôҲ벻־ƵӰڤ˼֮ʣ־ѾԼࡣӦ˵ķԲ⣬ƽȣȿ϶ǰεĳɼȻԼľģͬ־ǵϱʾ˸л˽ܺǶʧǴ־ƵĽκͷλΪԼ˾ˣΪֹǼһ֪һ켣ٳ˵ֱǸ裬֪֪ˣܰս⻰˵أѾˡ
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α֮˽ܶ־˵ǣǼһίдһۣΪӷ磬ͬʱҲΪС־ûпڣǰ۾´ɡ´֪˽ܡǶ޲̻Լæҡҡ˵ϹͷͲȥˣȥ۰ɡ
־Ѿ֮ĲԾ΢΢ЦЦԳ´˵ǺðɣǣٵŰݷá
ǿˣԺģ´־ƽԼΪǣ˽ǣ쳣ġʵܶʱõĶδػϧһʧȥԺ󣬾ͻ÷ǳ⣬ʱرС
ǣҴȥ칫ҿһʧʱز
Σ鷳ˡ־ƿ˵
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һͬ·ǲķӦ죬˿ɵһ˵С죬㻰أ
ǣǣǣǽһôһǳ׵ɵˣǴԴҲ벻ףһӦոείǣôʶԼСɫ
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Ŷƪ¾дģ־Ʊ˵ǰߣԵһԶ
־ѾԶˣһŴӻѹ·־˵һʲôȴôҲ벻ˡһ޲óԼһ⣬ôϢôؼôûء
һƲԵʱ򣬲Ѿ־ƿ˰칫ңҲ֮ǰ´ɵǼ䣬²һǰ죬´ɾѾѶ˳ȥӵ֪ͨԺ󣬲óǿԶٹԱʰ칫ңһֱæղɡ


ڶʮ ˮǴ
ſİ칫Һոµİ칫Σ־һп˵Լʡί֯ʱҲһɲǴ͵ط򲻿ͬն־ָָɳʾ£ͷһϲ־Ժ󽫽ɳ˰ƨɣ̬ν͡־ƿҲһˣԼէܵõίεӵȻҪⲻζųίһƱڹУίκԼһģȻҲܱŤĿǰ̬Ǻܶģ˵棬Ժڹпٹ۲죬ȻԷǸίΣԼһĶֵӦûʲô⡣
־ó̵ݸ˲һӹ̣һȻлæ־ƵŻԺٸԼϡԺ󣬷̷ǳĴ̺һۣȷʵлôԼĺҪ߸ΣѵӦǾ仰쵼̺ó鰡
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Σл뽲Ķôʾ־ưͷɳ˵ú⡣
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ǣģʱίίдס죬ίķѾװˣζŨô졣˵߿־ƣԷ΢΢˵ͷŽ˵о˾ѡʲôҪ󣿡
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飿־ƣ˵ģԼһŹеš
ҲûʲôҪһ㣬һ㣬ѧ΢һ㣬ˡ־˵
ǰ㣬ǱȽϸ˵ģ㣬ĳˣԼǸǿǿػ˴רҵûϷˡ漴ͷԾ͸ٵתίظԼֱ֪ˣٵعһ飬ǰ͵һ˵ǣøղ·Ǹһôǻҵĸ߲Ź£Щ鲻̫ء
زѧҿСġȺ̸һ̸־˵
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ͳϪݸһһ֧һӹ̣ۼֿذϻ𡣲һ˵С죬Ƕӡ󲻴֮ǰǲǼǡ
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һɴ۾ͳ˸OͣϢ̫ˡ˭֪һֵζʲôǿǴ쵼ģ˭Ҳӡõ쵼ΣųȥǾʵְĿƼɲһʮʱܴﵽĸ߶ȣԼ׾ٵʵ֣ϲ콵
һϲЦտӣ˵ô⣿
һһ⻰ʶԼʧ̬æЦݣ˵û⣬񣬸лεĴƼһŬί춪һ⻰Ѳίǰ棬֮⣬ӽ쿪ʼҾˡȻ⻰Ҳ˵˵ѣһίǵίεˣίںδأ
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һ벻Լ˵ֱףںĿģⷬԼİӦǷǳģվسŲһϿҵ˵ΣлĽ̻壬Ժڹʲô֮һߴͽ̡
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洫־Ƶͳ
ƿţһ˽ȥվ־Ƶİ칫ǰӸˣ־Ʒϵļæ˵ǣҰһˡ
ŶΣôԹˣСԼ͵ˣҲ·¡־վס˲֣˻Ըо־Ƶϴ룬Լⲽ߶ˣȡǵΣǳ¡
һ˻ǰ˵ǣã
С찡ζ˵˰ɣʱ鷳ˡ־Ƴһһ֣ʾ¡


ڶʮ 㱨
һȴװûпԷƣԾɹվһߣ֪쵼ǺԲ£ίǺίίίεĸǰĶԼλã˵־ƶԼĿ顣
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Ӧʱ䣬ͽȥͨһѾָ糣
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־һͨԺҲܿģԼиس㱨ô˵һֵø˵飬æһﳤҵﳤҵԺ󣬿־ƾȻվӭԼʱһжԼǰȥ˽ǣԷǲǵӣ֮
һﳤҵԺȥһ裬ȻǴţ˳ȥԼİ칫ǰϣһ룬ίίسŷ⻹ĸسֱܹҵϢԣֹܽԼֹܷҵ͹Ժ˽ܵˣԶǸŮͬ־Ǹ޵ʿȻ̫׷Ф˵ﳤҵһֱܵ˽ܵżܹ㱨ӦҲ֮С
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һӹ̣ȴֵס˶ԷĴ˵أں쵼̸飬ǡ
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飬ԼԼ׻˵һıӣԼȥˮϽ˱ˮ
飬ʲôʱʱҴ绰һСһ¡׻еؿһ˵


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׻ߺһ߽־Ƶİ칫ңıˮȻվ칫ǰС˵ǣԲҴˡ
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ҲΪվֳͨһ˵͵͵ؿ־һۣԷı飬Ҳͷġ
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־˵һų׵طæ˵ǣģԺһעġ
־ص˵ͷһ䡰С찡úøɣĿѧ𡣡
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սᣬ˽͵Ĵ룬˭أ֪ԼҲФŷٺٻ޵ļˡóһȻŷٵĵ绰ǿģѧϰˣæ˽
绰ͨһȲʣĶأǲǻغˣ
ǰҸյҡ绰ͷŷǲ˰
ǰرر㣡һ˵
ǸСåЩ߰顣
׷Ӷ˵ʳɫҲôܽ߰أһɫ˵ʲôʱܹ
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ϴ͹ɵúúõһһЦ
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һһЦ˵˭㴩ôԸУⲻǹֲǲ֪ⷽΪ㡣
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ָйϵĴ̼ǳǿңһʱ֡


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ŷٴһΪʱֻƾһʮԺŷҲͷβƵƵӭһܹΪ͡ξȻ˰Сʱ֮ãͬʱ˸߷塣˶򵥵سϴһ󣬵ڴϾ˯
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ԺŷȰһίſڣȻԶԼŵͷؼҡһһʱߵ룬Ӧû磬ԼҲûеطȥίдȥ
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绰ԺһϴǿġСʦҪཷ˿棬ڵųʱһ־ΪʲôҪȥУҰѵһվѡɺԭ㱨䲻٣һЩ޹ʹŵľֳλǽΪƫԶǡ糤ȲίԼʵǿһһδĻ춼˽ܵĵϵ־ѡǲҲд򹷸˿ζҲ֪ԼĥǲǶԣֻõȵӡ֤ˡصԺ󣬵ͷ˯̫ˡ
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ʱһĴͳһð칫ҵĺ룬һæ־ʾ־ҡҡͷһϵ˵绰ڻԿ϶ղ̨ɣĿ϶õĻսȥӦûûе칫ҡ
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ʱ־Ƶɫ࣬ǲǣֱǼ칫ȥõͷ亹ֱðϻ̳Ͽֵظں˰칫ҡ
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һʱѾȫȷԼжϣϰɺȷʵб糿ûʲôһɴСɲҪԲ˶ˡôʱĿڳݵˣͬ־ɳأʹȥ˵һԺæĴ
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سڰ칫أʲôˣæʵ
찡ģгĹˣ񻹱ɳʲô飬ҲǺղŽӵһѸҴĵ绰Ͽȥ˽ܵĻǼ١
ǣǣسģ͹ȥ˵
˽һ˵ããŶˣгĹӽֳԺҪûʲôµĻȳ쵼æǲЩСϣ쵼鷳


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ǣҶϵ绰æɳǾԵǿƣίߵĹԱһĳˣҲɢˣȻҲͰί鹤Ժ
쵽ɳʱ˫ڽУһĹһҲǸˣһȥҲʲľʵܼ򵥣һ·ڣ˵ĳ΢ĦҹգԷı530ֱУò˹β޴󰭣˵ûʲô££˫бգҲ󡣻ͻڣĹӸͷ棬³ָŶԷԷҲʾ˫ͷ˿ڽǣ
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Ԭ̩ĳʶѿڶ־һˮæ䣬Ԭ̩ǵίǡ
죬ѳ͵ί죬ʲôʱĸҲרˣ־ƻ˪н繲оŸ˳ٵҴŽգδˣЩ˵һϽί
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һ־ƵĴƺɳйأȻ־ƹҶϵ绰Ժóӿ쳵١ӣ־ƵһųõĳȺɳ
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λҵİ칫Э̽ءæ˵˵߸мؿԶһۣлԷ㡣
־һʯͷ˵أԶ˵ȥİ칫ҡһѾıУһ۾ܿ˭ˡԶæͷǰ·־ֻعͷһ˵С찡ȥѴͬ־뵽칫ҪԸ͸ġæΪһ·һǰһİ칫ҡ
ڳ־ƵĻԺ󣬾ȵ㿴ңҿ㣬֪žǺҲȻί֡ȥԷᣬҲͶʮӣ̸ֹ仹أѵǴ˵е̫ӵ˵Ŀг˾ηڴͬʱͬ顣
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һһϰԼеж¾ģһҪץסλӮ־ƵϿɣΪԼ;һͨ
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˼룬Ҫô㣿־̽ʡ


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һµ绰Ժ׻һͨԼ̽ڲֳѡϢԼԴȷʵһ֪ЦҡҡͷæʰԼĶ
ʰöҲ°ʱ䣬һ¥߳ίԺɲϣ˿һõʵְƿԼһС飬ͷ֮ĲУ֮Ŀɲޡ
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һ룬׻ԼһҲĴںڣϾһǲүһһֵĴأʶ˶࣬رеʱڣ˿Ժ󣬻ʲô۶ء
˽Ժ󣬷ԱֱӰǴ˰ᣬ׻ĳ͡Ժ׻һ˵ϵܷģұÿģԼ˵㡣
˵ţһʮµٸ˽ĸ磬Ц棬׻˵磬ίɣһ˲İ
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飬ãԺգٸ˵˰۵ġ
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Ӧûϣɣϰ岻ȥ㱨𣿡һѵ
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ײһ⻰պȽһڲ˳˽ҳһŵɣĹٵĻгšҪݵģšײư־Ƶ⻰һƷζѾе˼ˣڲֳλϣ־ƺ˽֮Ȼһᡣ⵹֮УǻسƵľֺ֡͹֣Ŀǰѵ־ƣ˽ȻѲֿԼС־Լûʲôʵѡײֻ֪ǿ˵ǣæ˵ǣ⵹ҵˣʱûǲֵѡ֪ʲôָʾ
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ײҲЦ֪Լ¶־Ƶ˼ԷֱӳƺԼΪáȫԼ˵Ľзˣ˫ֱ־ƣڴġ
ģֲţרҵԱȽǿһҪ쵼е־˵úǿӲ
ײһ⻰־Ƶ˼ξֳҪڲڲͷѲֵļְһ飬ȷѡϾںζ֯ˣײƶԸƼϵĸɲǷǳϤġײװ˼һԺ󣬶־˵ǣ֯òֵ׻ͬ־ᣬ֪ʶˮƽҲϸߣȫʤξֳһְ
־󣬿ĵЦЦ˵ٿί۲ֳѡ⣬ʱײƲڻϰ뷨
ǡײֹѾ˵˽ܺǶ׼ѡβֳƳ׻ĻʤĻӦò󣬵ʱܶ־ƺܲ
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ײƽʱǶҲдվӭȥԺײֱӿżɽ˵ǣղҹȥ̸˲ֳѡ飬֯ڲֳָ׻㱨
Ƕ⻰Ժ󣬺ǲˬ룬ʲô˼Ѿˣ֪ͨһײҲ֪ԼĻ⣬˵Ŀľ̽һ־ƺǶǲѾ˹ͨȻЧ
Ƕ˵֪ˣѡθɲ۹Ӧ÷ŵóԶһ𣬲ֻĳ֣ҶǺĸɲ𣿡
⻰˼Զ׼ͬ׻Ϊ־ֳҲûȷ˵˭ײֺ䣬˳ǶһؿһֱײͳţԺ˽ܴ˸绰
ײƻصԼİ칫ԺҲæͨ־ư칫ҵĵ绰ǶĻһһʮתһ顣ϵǣ־ƾûκ·һж֮Ƶġµ绰ԺײôҲ벻ף־кĿģѵͶʯ·ʯҲͶˣ·Ҳˣ֪ӦԡײƷԼڴ֮С
壬壬һ󼱴ٵĵ绰ίβ˼·ڹ˼һ־ȫظƼϸɲ罨ϵĽ塣绰Ժ洫һΣãһ¡һĻУԲһء
µ绰Ժ󣬺ǿģһСӻǲԵʱԼΪͷһ¥Ժ󣬲һվ¥ݿڵԼӸˣ£˵С첻
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˰칫Ժ󣬿־ڵͷļҲûдš־ȴ˵ˣˣԼԵƬ̣ҾͿˡ
һ󼤶ѾȫԼԼˣæ˵û£ǣæ˵꣬ɳϣֻ˰ƨɡ쵼űģ쵼Ŀоͻʧֲ١
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һЦȴ쳣ĸˣԼѾȫȡ־ƵΣɳŲŲʵ֪ʲôԸ
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־˵Ҹûʲô֯ȫصĸɲȽ˽⣬ǵɡ
һ⻰ײƿ϶Ѿ֪ѡˣվǶȥص칫ԺûмŴ绰֪ͨᣬȴͨײƵĵ绰˫һԺײƲȲѯʣֱ˵־׻βֳͬһӪȻûʲôҪšҴš
µ绰Ժ󣬴绰һһ֪ͨίίҲμӳίᣬֲ־ֳѡ
ǶҶϲĵ绰Ժ̾͸˽ܹ˸绰绰ͨԺǶسǱ֪ͨˡ
ðЩҪ𡣡˽ܵĻԵ÷ǳֹۡ
ǶĵʣǰȥʱǱߺûɿڣôͻȻ֪ͨ쿪ᣬ᲻ѾʲôԲߣǶԺ̸ֳί־ʱôԼĻԼȴڱ־ʹӣҪǱ֪ǿɹԼһġҪ֪Ϊ˴ߣǻ˲ٹ
˽ǲм룬㵨ʲôΪĿǰ벻ԷϣֻܿοǶǣˣƣйǽݡƱƱ˰㻹ʲôĵġǶԷίǵӲİ壬ĻǿҪ˫޳ɵӴ˵ǰɣϵܡˣͷİɣû¡


ʮһ һ
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ϣײƺФƷӾŷļСáͬ벻ͨ־ٿίᣬĵ֪ͨ۲ֳѡڣΪﶼƵģ׻βֳڳίͨĿԽΪ㡣
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Фһ߰ƣ󵨵زһ䡰Ҳǻ辶һֳϵķȡʤأ
ФƷɵԼһۣѵСӼҶʲô辶ϣˣó԰ʲô˵˵ô辶Ϸ
ФСһ䡰ֲǣô֪뷨
ײƿ󣬶ФƷ˵úʲôҿ׶αֲܺǽͷӦ˵ǣأ
Ф¶˵֮ɫ
ФƷȴܲӣ˵ǣߣ˼Сǣߡˣû¶һ׽׽ҿСӲǿˡ˵꣬ФһۡʵФƷɶФʱıҲͦģ֪Լʲôԣ͵ظɫͿȾ
Фʵش֪ˣҺһҪõѡָֻ˵顣
ʱһŷٽ򰮳˻죬÷Ժ˶Ѿƣߣ§һġŷ˵˵Ҫ۲ֳѡˣǶùس𣿡
֪һ룬⻹ԻشһԼϰ壬ԼĵһмȰȰ֣ϺǶһҿ˲ôһڳԹ֮ȪĿͷݼڣǶӡһֱϲ
ǰҲôΪŷ˵Һ費ֹһȰôˣֲˣ֪ںκϵʲôȥ˵ʲôǶ֪֪֮ϻˣó˵
Ǻǣ㲻һŷٷβ˵ٵĶȥˣҲøĻȨͺһ˭ǮģǮˣ뷽跨ñ֪ԼǮ
Ӵ쵼ˣǰһ˵һһ׵ģǺǣʿյĿ࿴˰ŷЦ
˼Һ˵ģȴ䳰ȷôʰ㡣˵ţһŷٵβһѡ
ŷŭҪˣ
ðȻңھеһ˵߰ŷѹ¡һǳǳ忪ʼʶʱٴ˼䣬ɫޱߡ
ڶ룬°ӵĵһγίٿһΪίǵһϯ˳ίᣬ¼
־ɤӣŴ΢΢һЦ˵ҵѾһʱˣлλĹϡٿˣڸһжϤǰʱ䵽ߣ˽ЩԾ仹ҪлسļʱѣʹҾһ̺ķչơ
˽⻰һ죬־ǽôԼлίᣬʲôʱ򿪳ίᣬ˼ǵȨʲôʱֵһسˣ˵˽̫ܵˡȻܲζ˽ܻáĳίһƣ֪ǺسƱҪǶߵˣѾɽۻ׼һһ߿ѣϰ͸˽һöԷ޷ڡ
һǺʹҼ棬Ǻδķչһʹһ²ֳѡ⡣־Ƽ˵
˵䡣Ƕˡ
־ǶصǲҲȫӳԱǰҪֻ΢΢˵ͷ
Ƕ˵ֵҪԣҶ˵سŷسзȨԲֳһҪѡһǿӲͬ־ΡҸ˾ͬ־ֲείǵļ䣬ı仯Ŀ˵꣬ӿαϡ˽Ͷ˸мһЦ
죬ͬ־ûкʵѡ־۹ɨȫһ۹Уܵ˼λߵơ
ײᣬ΢΢֣˵ŸղǵĻ˵䣬ֵĵλȷʵǳҪӦǴҵĹʶΪˣֳ֯ѡɴӲеĸְΣۺϿǣѡ׻ͬ־ξֳһְײƲΪ֯һڣҲκε©֯ǰ棬ⲻ˵֯ľ
־صͷŴ˵֯ѡ׻ͬ־ûѡŴҶҡҡͷ־ƽ˵Ǻòһλͬ־ôһԵʶңڸһĨڣİúܡ
˽⻰һӣ㻹װ˭֪׻Ѿֹһ㱨ҪİĻվӦúδıˡ
Ƕ־ƵĻе㷸ˣһֱ˽ܵˣԼô˽⣬ʱֲܰ⻰˵룬˽⣬ôƼģⲻǵڴԼֻѰйϢκαûУֻøɰͰ̲͡˵䣬ãһߵŷʱŲ˼㡣
Ƚ϶ԣײб׻ļͥѧϰٵһһϸ
ײ˵Ժ־˵Ҷ̸һ̸Ƕ²ˣҪκιǡ
֪Լ΢ᣬ˵޳ͬ־βֳҺӣͬ־ǿһס˻ĻżǴίϣγίǵģ˳˳
ίŻĻ˵Ҿòֳͬί֣ǹ֮Ǳ쵼еĺá


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ǣԲӡʶ̬ĸ˵֪ͬ־ǴӲֳȥģӦñȽ
ϵص˵ͷڲֹʲСְԱʱ򣬱˽ܿУӶһ·ɻڴʷѱ˽Ϊ˷ֹί˵쵼еĻ⣬绰͸¶ϵģӦ˵˽ΪλνǷѾĻ
ФƷһƲԣ䲻ȵ˵һ䣺ʱͬˣֳɵĸֳΣҪò֪´Ӳֳȥˣ˷ѽš
˽һ⻰ˣ⻰ֱ˵ⷽʵʡΨף뷢תһ룬ФƷǳĻƢһСİˣʱԼģҲ鷳ǣӲǿ
ڵ벻ǶǿΨôһҪڲڲһأղ׳һ䣬ѸղФƷɵʻΡ
־ƲһۣŮʮͣƤýϺã̷զһȥҲʮߡͣ촩żɫĳ¸ᡣ˵ȨᣬһŮӵһϯ֮أΪõίίȷʵЩС
˽¶˵飬һھ͸Էһñӣ˭˵ľ񲻶ԣǻˡŮȻʮͷˣϲ꣬Լһκκ˵ѾĻ֮ҲǷġԼܳΪĸŮ
豭һڲ˵˵ûȷʵӦΨͣҿڵβֳһְ棬׻ͬ־Ӧͬ־ͬ־ɣŴҶŰɣ
Գ˽ܵıӻǾһʵ۵ɣҪ˵ίίԱҲ˵⣬аٷ֮ʮḶ́ܵƵĹ˾ںٳǾ˽֪ܣΣֻð¸˳
˽ֹ̳Σ۲ֳѡ⣬һЩ׽ӰͲҪõ˵
һ⻰һԼֵĻᣬ̶سΪ۲ֳһҪλѡбҪԺѡ˽һȫ˽⡣˵Ҹղ˵ǲǲ׽ӰŴﶼ
˽⻰Ǳһӵ޴ӷйﰵԹԼע⣬Ϊ˴²ҪһΥȥڱץסСӣӸܾ
ʱ򣬼ίǳˣͬ־ĹȻǿһ㣬ɹǺ𣬴˵ǰɣ
˽ܺǶһϵĳίæͷǡ
־ƼҶ˵òˣеĲ豭һţɨһȦԺ˵ղŴҶֲԼܺȻз磬ۣԽԽ
еͿˣ֪﾿ʲô˼
ں˵Ǹˣղ˴ҵķԣҶͬ־ҲЩԵʶͬ־ǿϱȽǿӲ׻ͬ־һֱڲ֣ҲǿԲֵĹΪϤԣ֧׻ͬ־βֳ־˵Ƶᡣ
һһ߿ٵļ¼һ룬Լϰ廹ǳ裬ȹҶûȱ˷ӦѾ׳Լѡ
˽֪ײƳ׻־ģ־׿˵ЩͬĸܣίǵȨǲС
־ƽ˵ȻҶԲֵѡвͬĿǾ;ֱɡͬ׻βֳͬ־֡˵꣬ԼȰָ߸ߵؾģײơФƷɺͲ׷׾֡
־ƵһᣬҲû˾֣ͷʾҰַ£ɨȫһۣ˵ͬͬ־βֳͬ־֡
ˢˢղûоֵ߸һ֡־Ȼ΢Ц˵ƱǾشҵԸͬ־κز־ֳײƲϱί֯
ײæ˵ͷ
־΢΢ͣһ˵Ļ͵ɣɢᡣ
Ƕһ⻰ˣæ˵ǣͬ־βֳǲҲһ£ίǵѡ
־Ƶʱ˵Ƕǲ̫ļˣ֯ˣҪί֯˵꣬վֱ˻ңһæʰ豭ʼǱ
Ƕλձ˽ԸԳõ˲ֳ־ƲûʲôҲͰ۾ƨɵµίǵλˡίԬ̩ϰݷãһĺ׼˳ưȥ˭֪־һӶûǰس˸
˶߹ˣ˽Ƕߣļ˵ǣ⣬ǸλһҪί۲ܶģġǶǿؼһ˿Цݡ
˽Ƕļ£ת뿪˻ңʱ˽ܵϲ˲м룬Ǹǳ²㣬ࡣ
һ־ƽ˰칫ҵţѱĲҶˮʱ͵͵۽־ƣһ糣ްļﲻֹ˵ϰӦԼеûͨǶ˻٣ѵղŵװģԶԷҪĻĵʲôأ
־һͷϰαϣͷ˸ղŵһĻúܣ˽ܺǶԼײ׻Ϳ϶ûϷˣ׻ĿģҪͶĴСԱһģһˡһ˵Ǩ֮·ʵҲôؼʱ̣ǿΪԼ˵ġϢݳȥҪᶨһЩͶľġ˵ί֪ΪΪ֮־д㡣
ίῪ겻Сʱ͵õϢæ绰˽ܱģԼھһۣ˽ܾܲˣʽ֮ǰһҪ͵ɲϣΪٳʲô⡣
°һصìܣ绰׻ȴֲ֪ݣ룬ǲͨ׻ֻ
ιվֳãС찡
ϵܣãл绰οҡ׻ǵ䡣
һЦ˵ôվֳей˰շ˵ϰ㻹Ǻεġ
׻һ˵ǰ׼ȥлһ㿴𣿡
ʲôʵģ͹ɣϰ鲻࣬͹һ˸顣
ãǾ͸лֵˣһԷ
վ֣һҶֻ


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ϣھԼĸֱίԬ̩ί۴졢֯ƳͼίǷ£Ķơظ㡣
ƹѲ˹ζԺԬ̩Ʊ˵磬پһףظǶЯֵǰ˵ǲѽ
æӦǰ磬ǿɶָأ
İɣҴʲô˰ôǵأظ˦Ģͷһɡ
һЦ˵Ҽƽʱ˵²ôŵղǻȴ˵úܵλһڣһٲֵǵġˣ˵Ŵһٱ
걭оԺԬ̩̾˿˵簡ԺǾֻسˣǶǸԷµ
Ԭ̩ĻԹЦ˵̩Ҳô˵Ϊ»ǳģΪ˻˴ϰһҲǸ߹سйͨҪԸһ¥͵ÿϰǾͱ϶¹򡣡
Ԭ̩ȴΪȻǶϿ˴ǮǸŷһƣ컹ûаϢء
·𿴳Ԭ̩˼˵ֵܣͷİɣҵһʱ¾ˮˣίϻ˵㡣
Ԭ̩⻰üͷɶԼĶ˵ưΪԬ׼ӵȥһ¡
õġһֱĬƴֻ̽Ĵˣؽ˾Ҳֵ˹ͬĲҵ
Ԭ̩Ц˵鷳ˣô˼أ֡
Ļ̶䲻ߣ֪ΪΪĵҪΪ£˼ҵͷӲԸءԼϵԺع˾ٲҪһչˣԬ̩ҪǱĸԭúԼһ·ˣ̲ݷһʱѡһǵĻ;Բҵˡ
ɨһۣ˵⣬λϵܰҲΪ׼һݱ͹ȥ
һܳӣƴһҲ̹Ȼˡؽ˾涼иɹɣνֺ죬Ҳǵһˡ
ʱ䲻֪͵ٽĩԵöȽиһ־ݺ˲裬ѷֳļϰϣ˳ȥԼİ칫ǰ˺𶯵죬óһǳѧԣԼٻص绰
һ绰ͻ˹ȥѧ󰡣ңһ𣿡
һϴ˵Ҫľģ벻ˣѧʡ
ȻˣǮ׬ǴӰôҪЩʲô֪ûлءһش
ѧһԼ˼æ˵ǵġ׶Σǹ˾׼ģҼһľרΪǹһϢ뵽㡣ôûȤ
һ󣬺ǸˣβϴССˣγɹģӪˣǸ£ԼɵأǶԳѧ˵ѧ󰡣еҺú˼һ¡ڹʱܵ˱ȽϴԼɣܸ𸴣ô
ãÿ㣬һ˾ȷˣҲû취ˡ
ã֪ˣһ͸𸴡һ˶Էһ׼ȷʱ䡣
˵绰Ժһͷ￪ʼľֳɵģϴһ׷ԼƨɺʣܲܰǻľֹȥȻƸ룬ûǸ𣬿϶У뵽ԼļƻܰѸĸӹǽõѡĩɴؼһˣԼ·뿪ҵѾüˣûȥء
ԺһϢʱ䣬ȥ̳ǸĸɩԼС÷ֱһФ˸绰°ԺŪԼФ󣬶û˵ʹӦˣʱѧῪأŸᣬһǰ԰һ
һ׼绰߸ĸһɴ磬ʼ˽绰ģҲˣظҶѣαŪʦڵġ
磬ĵӵʱһò״ͨ˼ĵ绰ĸ׽ӵġԭ׳ȥˣǰׯл˼Ұɥ£ĸǰæģǡɻźģҪӲ绰ء˵ӽĵòˣæʲôʱ򵽼ңԼø׼óԵġһ˵Ҫ°ԺܻƵҪߵԺˡһ˵û£ȫ˶ڼҵ
һ׼˵ټͻȻ־ƴ˳æµ绰վ־Ʊ׼һȥвģһںͼͨ绰ǺʣС찡㲻Ǻˣ
ϰ壬ģںıߡһش
֪ǰʱһȥء־˵ô׼ȥ
ǣǵġһ־һۣԷǹ֮ɫǴŵ˵ĩˣȥҰ衣
ðĸɲװӦöؼҿ־ƿһ䣬ɣ°ˣҲûʲô£óȥɣһСʱ·ء
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һܿʰˣ־ƴ˸к¥¥һѾѳ˹һ˳Ժæͳк簡ǲ˼ˡ
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һҲٿԳ˵簡鷳һ£Ⱥȥһᣬ˵㶫
Æһһųֱίȥ
ſڣһ˵磬Եȣһ
ȥɣó̡ﱾ̣־ƺһӰ£Ҳ񫣬òࡣ
һæȥһ·ܴġԺûæöȴ绰ФԼȥˡФһ⻰Ľѣ˵Сͬ־òȻһųؼңҲ½˰
һЦСӾͱˣûҪңҿɼˡԺҪͨ磬ŵģֻܷԸ
Ļͷ㰡չٶȿɿˡФ˵
˵Фٻ֮ǵ¡


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һһ룬Сӻˢӣ׶˽չɵúúװź˵ðɣǰﲻʲôæˡ˵ˣأһԷ
˵ټһ׼¥ȥ￴һСĹˣæ򿪺䣬³Ѷ˽ȥ
γٶȾǿ죬һСʱѾˡ߿˵سϰʡίУͬѧǵһȿ㣬ݷġͷʱϰ忴ʱ仹磬ںͣһ£ʱѾ֪Ҫһˡǡɾ飬Ҳɣһٱϰ忴УҪߵĿܾǱˡ
һ󣬺һЦҲһ̾ʱǳżȻ˭Ҳ޷Ԥһ·ڣ˭ֿһӶ㣬͵һſڡͣԺһæ볣³ҲûпһѺĶ˳һ̣һİһæһץס˵磬Ǹ𣿡
ֵܣⲻǸģǸġ˵
һһжæ˵ô˼أ
ôģһ̶ѣ˵ҲԼǮ˵⵹ʵһֿĶҪԼ̵ĵ
һֻɿ֡ûţѾӭ˳Цӯӯ˵㲻˵ŻôһṦ͵ˣ
裬ǳʦһġһһָæ̡
ЦǺǵӦæѶýݡʱҲ֪˭ۼ⣬ſڵСһṦ򣬾ĸˡһæͳ̣һһк
еִ٣ͣͿųغˡʱһҪҪӣһһڻؾˣ˵Լ˳ȥܷ㡣
ЩֵĴǺ飬һֱ˲ŻȥһҵĶСӳϢˣС̶ͣǴлϢʹ塣һϢͨʿ˵ǿɲһĳسίĳȻЩһǲ֪ġ
ȻģȻһɡ񻨺һġ绰һɣһȥѧУҲӻؼڶѧϰȽϽţƽʱһǲؼҵġһ˵˵òˣæһɵĦг
һҶˣһڣǿģæóԼ׺͸л̣ĸһ˫ЬɩӺСãһ׻ױƷҲ֪ʲôӵģӪҵԱ˵úЧͦõġõﶼܿģֻкֿʼ߶һˣͻʲô֪һǮĲ֪Ǵлļ۸֪ģһҪüʮأ峤ԬҲֻзڵʱ򣬲óһͷ԰ڵβġ
Ҳվ˺ߣ˵һ⻰˵еôõ̸Ҹ𣬲Ϲӵơ׷ߵʱ㻹ȥá
֣˰ɣڶĲ飬Ĳһڿúίǵ飬ո̾ʲôģûɶһ˵
һ˿磬ûпڣ룬Ϊίǵ飬쿿˾̣ǰŷٴģԼǮں̳ġƽʱ˸һģҲˣһģҲͣһһζûչ֪ԼȳûȫȡϰΣټǳЩϸ֦ĩϣ»
㻰࣬Ϊһһ͵ǵ̰ưģûϢ񻨵һһۡ
񻨶һɵ̬ȣѾֲˡһһֱеɵļƣȷʵҪ˺úùܹܣԴӺ񻨽ԺϵĻϰѾ˲١
ԷˣԷˡ˳õĲˡ񻨺æȥæһŸһЦһ޿κεһ̾Ϣ
һ˸ճһӽĸˣֱǺϼ߽ͣӺˡæк£ÿһ裬һҲɢһȦ̡
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һһƣԼĸ£ǳһһʹɫȻ˵֣Һ͸ȥĻᡣλ岮
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һһƣ忪ģ˵˾һС̵꣬Լܰʲôæء
ֶӣô¡ϼͿ˵еԭίԭеĺ֮ǰҪаˣϼ׼аԼڵ磬һʮˣͷ죬Ҳ˭֪·ɱ˸ҧ𣬴峤Ԭɴ׼аԼõԬ챦ϼ˵˺ûȥϪɶԷǲɿڡ
һ̫ˣֱͰһʱġϻһ֣Լ硢ҵȶˣ˶Ǯû֪װ˷߷ߵ˵
ӽ˵أ̨һͷˮţǾȥģ˭ּŸǮˡˣ˻꣬ũæʱһ£µһء
߽Ц˵˵ĶЩСƣɳʯԤưͻռ˶ĵأһϽٿǮ۾Ϲˡ
һ˵һһ㶵ģԬɵ߻Сأϼͳа鲻ǸѡھʮȷʵЩ١Ժϰǿ಻ԡ
һһߵĸʵũ庺ӣǿҵظܵĵķŭȴΪֻܱʾͬѣΪԼȲǳд쵼ίĸɲָɢһẠ̇һ˵λ岮ǰ¸Ҳûð˵ĶģҲﲻʲôæ
һ㲻ίǵĳǺǴкǺ׾ͰˡΪһѣǸɴֱ˵Ǽ̶õļƲߡ˵һ˭ĳģҲһɣ˶֪쵼һУ
һ⻰˵ÿЦã룬ΪСӹҼأĶ˵ôסһεվһ֣Ǹ˵λ岮лǵΣСֶȷʵûԲˡ
㿴ңҿ㣬֪Ǻáаӣ߽Ӧ죬һ˵һǲıı¾ôźãվѧĸɲǰԬɵˣҪǰⲻǿɶûкӹ


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Լϵһ¶ɫв̣ټԼԬҲԹԣǶԼĶ˵һ͸취¸ô죿
һﷸѣ룬Ҫǲ˵îԲҵΡż֮ʣͻȻͷһʱ·ϣԼ־ƺسǵУͬѧ֮ĹϵӦôòҪҲụ߶
뵽⣬һԴ˵ɣҳȥ绰һʣвУҿɲҴƱ
˵򣬿򡣡
һͳֻ߳˼ţ漴ͨ˳ĵ绰磬˰ɣһ˵
͵ˣлֵܹİһ˹˼ǿġ
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Ǻ˰ɣ˵ȸ绰º͸һ£Ȼٴ绰ȥˣڵ¾
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һݣ̾͸ܵеĿͶ䵽ԼϣǸЦЦ˵ҵȸ绰
ͷʱһӵ˴ţ˭Ҳ˵ĿĴ룬ʱʱɨһһϵǲСɵֻĴڴеʮӣ壬壬һֻˣҶظŶһ˵ʲô
һһǳĺ룬ͨԺæʵ磬ô
ˣѾϵˣֱӴ绰ȥǵ뷨˵ˡٺܿ졣
һһ֪ˣæټ˵绰һóղżµĺڵ¾˹ȥ绰ͨԺ󣬶Է飬һԼ뷨ͶԷ˵ˣڵ¾ҲˬشӦˣһŵʱ򣬵ί¥207
һ˵绰Դ˵ˣһʶس˾ӦæӦûʲô⡣
һһ⣬֮Աһ侲ضԴ˵µ֤ݣܹƾ˵Ǿͷͷ£ҵʵʵڵ֤֤Ҳ첻
һ㲻õģǶѾ׼ˡ߽˼˵ղûü㣬Ǽ˵ģӦ֤ݡ⣬㿴һûҪġ
һ룬Щƽʱʵͽˣ治Сǣ»аۣղ̽Լˣǹʵ˳һϸЩν֤ݣ˵湻ʵģ˭ˣţ˭ǣߵģֱ˶ǮһĿȻذ֤ݣһǴĿ֧ϸЩԺʵһݾȻɳʯϰ֤ʣдţɳʯÿϽһǧԪտ˾Ԭɡ
һԺ󣬰ЩֽƬһ飬۾ǰĸˡ߽״˵һģЩʵģԲαġ֪Ƿġ
˽˵ҺȥĺƵĹԬҪȥĻҲϴΣԾͰһѡ
Ǹɳʯϰ壬˺͸Ůȥ֣Ҫ˵ϽʵĿͲɳʯȥ˰죬ˡӵز
һǵЩԺǿЦã˵Щ̨棬ȴΪ֮ЧģЩռ֤ݾõ֤ԬǺ֮ˣҪҲ˴Ĺɴ˿ɼԬƽʱڴΪȷʵǹ֣о˵úãûԵ޹ʵİޡ
һɨһȦ˵ҾûŪһȫ˵ǩ͸˵ˣʱ̫ˣˡ
ûϵǷͷжܱӿˣһȥ飬Ӧû⡣߽򶨵˵
һ־ɳǵľģĵ˵и飬Ҫ˺һȥ
߽ȥɣ㡣飬˶˵ͷѡȷˣҲͶɢˣͷȥæǩˡ
ߺһȥˣȥҵˣʣһԼĸĸˡһԼаľöȥӦ뷨˵˳
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һҹ޻ڶһ磬߽˾͹ˣźüǩ˴ľٱšһ⣬߽еĶȫװһŷʧ
һ߽һ˵سаͳվ³Ժһֺڵ¾ϵһ£֪ԷԼæֱίȥ
һ207ſڣ׼ţͻȻˣһʮСӡһæ֣ߺͶԷ֣˵ڸ磬ãһղŸ绰
飬ã벻ô࣬Ϊڵ¾ذýᡣ
ԺһΪ߽˽ܣڵ¾ҲغͶ֣Ȼһ˵飬ӵ绰ԺҾͺͻϵˣпգھ͹ȥ
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ڵ¾һһ˳ոǵļңѾϵã˵ԺҲû߽ͣ˰Ѵµ˵һ飬Ǹŷݸ˳ɸǣԷҲʾʵʱԹע̶̵ʮʱ䣬;ԬɵˣõļίҪʰһССĴίλƵġ
ӳμҳһһڵ¾ʾл˵ʱӭȥ棬󻹸һл


ʮ еȺ
ڵ¾һƳ٣һ̬ȼֻǿˡһһߣĵ˵עµģһûʲô⡣һлȻ߽һȥ˳վ
ҵʱѾٽˣϼͺͺһҽصϢ˻ˣæΧ߽ľһ飬ҶһͶء˵һΪ˴ҵ飬ͳһл̣˶ʾǮջҡһ˵ˡ⿪ģԼĶӣڸԼǰúó
߽һԺ󣬺Ѿų緹ˣһȥ񻨼ңһȥѧУһڳԺûһڣ˵һ˵£ҺˡȹȥޣҪƻõĻԺóȥѧˣٹȥ㿴ô
һصͷĸǵȷʵҪԼȫ˵֣ллˣôأ
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˵ûʲôûаһ߰ǻ
һصͷָܳܵĸһݹذ֮ġǵͻʽĸĸԶŮ˽İʹѱ޳ĪĪȴܻʵҸ档
극һڼ΢Ϣһ£̤˻غ·̡ʱѾĵˣ;ӵŷٵĵ绰˵ᵽվһһ³Ժ󣬾Ϳŷվڳһë޳£ǽţп㣬ഺϢһһۣûе£ȴ˷磬ֻ쬵ģŷУȻѲһʱˡ
ϳԺһ˵ڳȾˣȥʲôġ
ŷһ㣬˵˼Ҳ𣿡
һ¶һЦװûʵ˵ʲô
ʱŷٲŷӦȭ٣һǰô£װί˵˼Һ㣬㻹ȡЦңˡ
һæⲻǣ˶Էڷһڣŷŵæ򳵴ûֵ顣ŷ֪һﵨ죬һɫģʲô󵨵ľٶæĻʻȥ
ʻСԺ¥ſڣһ³ŰѳͣԱȥһݱȽУɲϣ֮Ľĸ˵ʱɾͺˡ
һԿףֱ¥401ҵĴšȥԺһپֻؼҵĸоޱһṦŷҲˣսţһĵ绰ˣһʾФġФһûлغأһ˵յФǿģһԷðŷҲһϣһˬشӦˣʱȽæȷʵкóʱûоһˡ
ŷ߽ȥ˴£߱˭ĵ绰һ̧ͷ֮ʣ͵ؿһԸԼǰɫĽëţпã年յð͹¡ŷٿԷɵɵؿԼΪʲôطԾæͷŷǰɽڽëֺ֮֮Уǵ⡣ԼıǮţѾʮˣȴûκ´Ȼ̣ͦȼǰ˲٣ǽ׶κһԺ󣬱仯ԡ
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һڨڨһЦ˵˵ûڰٺ١
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һ˵Էĺ촽ȥŷҲתۼ˾͹һšһ˶ԷֻɽĸеرȥرỬһʱĴ˫ֳԼ壬ڶԷ֮䣬ŷٵ¡
ŷٷ˶ԷжȺڴٻȥݵʱģȥٶأɫɫ˿͸ġ


ʮ 
ʱ˶ûôһҪǹ˼һݣŷʵҲ쳣ڴһŮ˾ĵʶһѣֱˮ죬ԸղŽѴµʱ򣬹ʹȻ˿յȡ
һڡ˽§һ𣬾þöûзֿᵽʲôоƣߡ̱
Ϣ˴ԼСʱ˻ָһʱѾˣæӴæҵش¡ڸղŵһڣŷֻ»һ£һʧ֮Уղĳ̫ǿˡѹ˵ϷǱȤ۵쳣𱬣´ҪлȥĻһҪòƼ۸񲻷ƣأӦҲֵɡ
һŷٸϵ÷ƼҵʱФٻѾȵе㲻ͷˡһæͳкФӹ̣Ȼģ˵Ҵ绰ʱ㲻Ǿ˵ѾôһֱڲŹ
һ⻰ûʲôӦŷٱϾŮˣƤȽϱʱһƬҺ졣ٻеʶ˵ʲôæФȥˣŷ⣬ٻͶȥмһƳٻ˲ʳָһԼգŷ١ŷһ죬װͷȥֻ޲Ҹطȥ
˺ܿˣ˶ǾкܣʱûˣǶſƿû£Ѿ׳ˡФ׼޷ԱһƿٻһۣҲڨڨˡŷ÷Աһƿѩ̣˼ԺȣȨ֮á
ٻȥϴּ䣬ŷҲ˳ȥһ·ϣˣٻ˵͵ԣǲ֪ߣ
ŷٴʱѾȫ޸ղŵɬ֮УشСҼҵĶʲôʲôɲɻµģ㿴ˣ
ٻ÷˸ۣ޺޵˵´²̨ʱ򣬿˭㣿
ŷٺǺһЦˡ
˷Ժŷ¿㣬ٻһߵȣͻȻײ´½һָŷ٣Ц˵ôҿ֤Ӵ
˵˵ʲô֤óŷˡ
װɣߣٻЦ˵
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ŷסˣݻٻסԼģ糿˻´ϵĸоġ¿ɳ˴ˣŷС˵Ը⻻ͻʲô°
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ŷٺ޲ðٻ̻ˣ²òͷֻʹ˵ãȥ򣬱㡣˵ȴ᲻ãǰǷVLģҪһǧءѾͷԥ˰춼û벻ȻԼˡȥһˣҪＱƵģԼҲڱٻ·١
˳극Ժɢˣ֮ʣٻ˵һ䡰Ůҵ绰ŷûֱ˳һФһۣ֣֪Ů˸ʲô
һ磬ŷٺһһἸ׵һС̵ſڣȻؼҡ
һд־ƣίķѾˣ׼ȥ־ƹһںҲûʲôѾȫʰֻһͳһһֱӷŽ־ͽ칫Һһһæµɨݲ衢ļ־ûʲôԸһ¥ȥҳˣ׼ȥ־ʰһӡ
磬Ǹлˡһ˦һ̡֧
ղϰڣҲûʣôĵʡ
һͰľ˵Ӧûʲôˣ˵ͷǲǸŵ˲á
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һҲеԳ˵취ƵλŮæ˵꣬ͳֻٻ˹ȥ˵־ʰӣٻȻ⣬ϵ̾ˡ
һ˳һṦ͵ˣ־Ƶ¼Ҿһ棬ٽСӵǶС¥301㣬߾峺СӣľӼ֮
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տˮÿ˵˱ˮɳġص˵һǶ쵼߹ģиϢ֪֪֪
һͳﻥһۣȻãȻҡҡͷǻ治֪ʲôϢ
˵ı֣ЦЦѹ˵ղźǿڰ칫˵رȥĲֳѡˡ
ô֪ʲôʱǿ˵ģٻʵ
ղȥϴּʱҲ±˵ߵʱ˵ġٻ͵
һٻ࿴˿һ޷ŵ飬һƼɲѡسί۹ܶˣίֻ֯߸ѣѵξȻʲô⡣һ뵽־ƻûεʱ򣬺ǿڰ칫˵ǴʡģϢԲǿѨ磬Ǿ˭ƶأѵǡ


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һе㲻ˣҪ˵쵣βֳ˾Լϰˣ֪޷ͨ£ײ׻һʼΪ־ֻҪͶĸɲһģڿӦûи⡣һ뵽ٿί֮ǰ־һȥһݡϢģʮа˾žڱƶģһίôӰ쵽ί쵼ľأҪĻֲ̫ˡԼ˵ĻǸϢϰıǿӲԼȻǴºóˡҪ⻹ڳ¹쳣Ǻϰһȥݵġ
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ǺǣҾ֪˼˵֮ûбҪˣһŲ㡣죬ϰȥί֯˭ҾͲö֪ˡ
һҲС˵ϢӦģϰҲ̫ţˡǺǣԺСź򡣡
Ķ˵ôֲҿϰõģǰ첻ǻؼ𣿡˵˵ϰţ棬ҵͬС£ڲ׼ߵʱϼʼ˵ȥӦ֪Ϊϰ忪ѱҧرء
һɵɵųһҪֱĸʲô˰˵еTZDҲ˰ɡ˴۵Сۣãˡ
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ߺ˽ѾˣһҪ̽־ƵĵϸҪǶԷͷܴĻԼˣʵʵ⵽ʱøɵĽ
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һæվȥ־˻㱨һӵľֳοһԹ֪ĸһ㱨Ҫߺţǲ·ӡ


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ͽֳǲƽ˸磬òǰ棬֪ĸ۵ļһȻӣûʡ
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˽ܵ칫ҵʱʮչ˱裬Աߵĵĵšһֱʮһʱ˽˽æؽһг΢΢˵ͷ˵˽˰ɣ˽һٻæŽİ칫ҡ
˵Ժ˶ȣӹ˽ܷϵл˽æΪϻȻɳ˰ƨɡ
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˽һţ˵سڵܵǱȥ㱨ͲسȥҵĹ
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˽ôһȦԺ˼ǵԼ̽Ϣˣпɳϣĵʵ˽ܰôأ
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Ǻǣ˽ܣȻʵˣҲͲˡЦЦ˵ڵ绰Ѿ߹ˣǳԺͱŲк˵еԭҾͲö֪ˡ
˽ǲʱ˵˭кѾҪˣҪίΪʲô֯к˽뵽һᣬ˵гǰҲûʲôڵˣҾͷľͷֱֱȥˣǺλǲǺʲôϵϾһд֡˽䣬̽Ҳĵģ־ƺͬգ֮ûݹϵ
⻰⣬˽ƽʱȥгǸһˣô˵˵Ļгίǲίǵݣ⻰˵ȥ¶ûжšҲ˵˽ܿȷʵǱƼˣҪʧ̬˽һۣ˵˽ܰ⻰˵ģɲһ֮˵˵ҲͰˣطҪעѽ
˽æͷڴؿ죬룬Ҳˣܵýʵ׸Ұɡ
쿴˽ܵ⸱ӣһˬһǲƺӲİǿ϶˵ղŴ£ҿԸεĸ㣬Բܡ룬Ҫʱҿܲ˽⣬Ҫ˵Ļû˱Ҹĵϸˡо仰˵˽ĲѣĵˡԼ㲻ϳˣĸؼеһ֮Ǣദģ֮٣˽һԷС޴
˽ĻԺᵽɤ۵ַŻص˶м˵гǳл⻰Ǿ֪ôˡ֮⣬Ȼ־ƺ֮ûʲôϵԼͿԷĴ󵨵ĺͶԷˡ
ҲҪע⣬¶и߶ȣǺĵ֮Ǵչãݵһı¶⣬˼ǴʡģĳظΪһгίǣϣصһ֮໥ǣƣΪ쵼ҪԣԸ⿴˫ܾ˵Ľ֡
гģ˽ĵر֤ڶԷʡǲйϵѾҪȥˣǶʱӦѾȥʡӦ·ˡ
ĿѾﵽȻûڵȥıҪվ˵гˣҾˣʱ件ӭȥָ΢Цŵ˵ͷվԵ
˽ܴİ칫߳Ժ֮ǰһɨգǱʱˡ˾Լ͵ϲƵǴƵ꣬һ絽ӡ˷Ժ̴绰ƴңϲƵǵ608ƴҽӵ绰Ժױһ˺ίظĴţֱݶȥ
˽ڻƴҷڸŵʱǶӦĺԴƵͬѧʡ̿Ĵ
ϵܣȰƺǰǶŽļ˵ǵУͬѧʱסһᣬϵúܺã
һھƣ˵ĶܱȰõίǣʵ֡
ǺǣͱȡЦϸˣ˾ҿɻ߰뼶ءǶ˶Էһ䡣
˭֪ǶĻɧ߷߲ƽ˵Ǻǣǲ㵽ӦĴ˵Ҳһץһѡ⸱Ǻм
ǺǣȾơȾơǶһתȥ˵Ҫǵǣɾǡسϰ


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Ƕһۣ˵ϸ磬ͱֵܿˣΪȥôףûӲʵĺ̨붼롣
˵ģ⣬Ƕһ⻰һ࣬æŽĻ˵صһ־Ǹմʡί֯ȥģ֪𣿡
֪ʲôţĴԼǰŬػš
־ơǶѵ
ԣԣ־ƣ켸һԷʱ򣬻̸ġͣԹԵض˾ƱǶ޲ȥľƱ룬㵹˵ٺȰƿؼҶû¡ܼȴһ㶼ûֳƱŽ
걭оԺ󣬽ŽŸղŵĻ̵˵Ҷ˵һﲻ֪ʱڼյʲô㣬Ȼһӳίǡ֮ǰֻ֯ϢҲ֪Ϣ֯ǸվĴңӦǾϻ֯н
ǶԷĻУƺ־ƲûʲôǿӲıԲģֱʵ־ƣǲʲô˲֪ıǿɽ
м˵ӦһĶֵ˭֪˭˵ͷ˭ӲʵĿɽҴŵģǲǳԱ˳ŵġ
Ƕһ룬⻰Ǻеͷһϵǹ˾ʮ䣬ҲҪߣʱʱóҫһ±˲֪Ƶġ뵽⣬Ƕǳ׷ģкֵܣȣⱭҸطȥֺֺǡ
ǺǣãˡƱһﲱӣһڸȥǶȻҲʾҲ˱еľơ
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һṦ򣬳⳵ͣһҽˮһɫſڣǶƣϰ벻ѣȴֲ¶ۼ
·شǶ˰䣬ͷԡҶΪϴ裬ȶΪ˴ҴҵسϴһԺˣһᣬͽһС㹩ѡǶѡ˸緢ģ̣ͦѡ˸СģСֱ˽˰Ħ˵ʲôҾͲ˵ˣ㶮ġ
糿˵룬Ƽϸɲ罨˳ٿǶ֣˽ܺ־Ʒֱ˻гǽ͹ҵֳı̬ԡ־ƵķԺܳصǿĿǰػعɢ⣬ҵ⣬ұġ˽ϯ̨ҲܲȻ˭֪£ⲻ͵ڴӼᶨҪ־һ뷨
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һ˰칫ԺΪ־һ裬Ȼ˵һ䣺ղţҿȥ¥
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ҪҪ֪ͨˣһ̽ʡ
ˡ־˵ھýϣȥʵؿΡ
һصԼС칫ңĥ־ƵĻһ֪ģΨһһýߵϰ˵ҪȥΣǿһʲô뷨ʲô뷨أͲö֪ˡһͻȻӵͳǿϵܽϴι㱨ʱ򣬾ǳǿġ뵽⣬һӸǿ¥ί졣
һ˳ǿİ칫ңǿһһæվӭӣɳһһһ˵׶ͷ࣬æѵʱ䵽쵼ˡ
ǿһ룬һʲô˼ôԼ˦ǻˣ˵ǰһŴȻæ
һǿԼ˼ҲͣԹԵ˵磬ҪϰȥӣҲ֪ܻ
ʱǿһ˼æһЦ˵һղҵĻɱȥ
Ǻǣ쵼˵ʲôòģһָһ˵úϡ
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ӳǿİ칫ҳʱһͿæȥ绰ˣͳǿĹϵȷʵǳ
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־΢΢˵ͷ˵ӵͬ־ǺʵģЧܷıֺܲҸղŶˡ
˱Ժ¶֮ɫĿƳһص˵ͷһı֣֪ǿԼһ飬Ҳһͷ
־ƺһڲ裬˵һõǸɺùǰᣬ֪ӵľ÷չûһЩ뷨
һ⻰ɾɵˡͺ˵ӵľӦûǲģɵĺ棬¡ұ־ͻأһʶŪôֲ֪
ھýϣǺǵưǿⷽ涯Խ𡣡־ɨһȦĿھµϣʵ򳤣ղ˵һжټ촬ǵĹģô
ǣ⹲дСʮ촬йģϴļҡ
ЩףӴʵȣһؽӵľÿɾͻᷢʱ˰־Ƹӵĵίӻ˴һ
ǻǶְ֧־ƻе˼̽˵ô飬ɲǹ⿿һܹ˺õġ
־ЦЦ˵Ұıߣ㵹ҵľ
־ƵĻЦ·һЦƶƤľЦһֳ֣նʱԾ࣬ΧؽĻıߣʵ˲ͽ顣˵ʱ־ȴֻһĬĬţһһ߷ܱʼ飬æż¼ʱһ־ӵĿˣѹ⼸һֱڷϱĸϣԭһĶ


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Ҳ֮У־ĿľҪɳһɼĿǰϼ쵼ΪصȻǾֻҪ÷չˣʲô˵νһڰٳ󡣺ο־ƵԺҲûʲôªо
־뿪ӵʱѾĵˣȻһ־ȴûеͷڷֱʱסһһҡ˵˾䡰ллգٵŰлЩ򳤡Ƕǳ˾ôŹһִؽõĻᡣһȴûֻ΢΢ҡҡ֡
ϳԺ־Ƶºܸߣһ˵С죬㿴ؽܸܲ
һתϰʲô˼ڸصĿһ㣬˵ؽȷʵͦдģȻܸתһ룬ϰ˼ӦʣڳίܲͨϾڻƲ˳ίᣬǲ˼أˣһİɡ
һװһ˼Ժ˵һõĴþٴ룬ίظӦöֵ֧ġ⻰źۼȴĿǰľлµƣõһʩ˭ҪǷԵĻİӿ϶ͻ˭ϣ˽ܣǶĴµġ
־˵ͷ忿ϣ˳˼Уʧʱش֣־ϲĻ衣
һСʦݳһ棬صԺ˵ӣţǰŷ͹ġտûһᣬֻˣһǼĺ롣ͨԺһԬѾˣڱ˭ߵģɾ˵ˡڴĵλȻߣ߽˵Ĵ꣬ҶѾ֪ܰԬɰ⵹ȫһĹͣȻҲ͸ƾӹˡӹ绰һδɩӵĸ̬һٰʮȵĸı䣬컹ȥϵķݳһٷﻰһɺɻ˼
ĸƲס˷֮飬һҲһˣԼҲΪĸʲôˡ˵绰Ժһ̴˸绰ڵ¾Էʾ˸лڵ¾˵ã˵ιԬҪصˡ
һµ绰Ժһˬ˵ԬɺԼҲû̫ĻԹԼһ֣֣֮һ뵽ϼ͵İ߽˵ķŭҲͻˡԬû⣬ôŬҲûãҲǾȡɡһͨ˼ԺһҲûٿӵȤˣֱϴ˯ˡ
־ӵĵ磬ٿһӵĵڶγίᡣϳо־ֳѡ⣬˳ؽ⡣Ƕ׼Գͬ˽Ҳͷ뷨鶼ȫƱͨ⵹е־Ƶϡ
־ƽ˵ᣬǾͰ⿪ｨ쵼СĳԱȷ鳤Σ鳤˽ܺŷسҿôȻһƬ֮
ʵĳίﶼЩν鳤鳤Ҹѣʵڵλǰ칫Ρгｨǰ칫θҲпʶһ֣Ǹʵְλá˽ܺǶﶼСžţ˶һۣ˽һ˵ǣ㿴ｨСǲ칫Σ
ǲŸտʼ㣬ҲŪôˡ־˵Ѿﳤҵоһˣʱͨһͨ
˽µûţ־Ƶ俴Ʋֶλ治һ֪ҪڳίȷС칫εĻ϶ûаգǣͻر⣬ȷְȴﳤҵͷȥ£ʱľѳۣ˭˵ʲôأǹٳϵ͵ıưͳԻпԡ
ԺǶûлԼİ칫ңֱȥڵ¥ڻԺǶ͵ʵسôһԲڰ
˽ЦЦ˵˼˵ȰҪ֣˵ʲôأȥڰɣ¹˭֣һء
Ŷسʲô߼Ƕ׷ʵ
ֳλ˹ؼͬ־Ǿûͨѵ˾һͨ˽ֵ˵һ䡣
ô֪׻ҲͨأǶţѵ
ûУûУǶǣ⻰ɲ˵˽һ˵ϴгǣ͹˲һ˶ٷ
ޣԭˣѹһ̨̫ļơǶ˵һ䣬ȴˣӼᶨĩȥݷ뷨


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ﳤҵе˼ԣ̰ȫĻ᲻ᵽʱʧȥƣʰϾÿڵʱǸҶ䶼̫ѵ׼
ҵسĻе־Ʊһ䣬˵Ϊ˱һЩӰ죬ҪǼӴܣĿ쵼һҪôӲ̵׼
ﳤҵ־ƵĻﶼ̵ģ⻰ѾײˣǷĵظɣͽˡﶼǳ־Ƶ˵һĶĻͲһˣƱػ漰ĵ̣ǽ⿪һֵǸﳤҵھǸسƾеĿһ볣Ҳûпܡ
־Ƹ˻һıԺ󣬷ĵ뿪֪Լղŵһڸ˴һ뼦ѪŲãܿһϸĺؽ滮ġ
ڳϱĿ˼־ƵͷɵøֳһŲϴ飬ȴڴӣǼᶨŬǰľġ
֪УԪٽˣ־ƶһ˵С찡м鷳һ¡
һæ˵ϰ壬ֻܷԸôôأ
Ǻǣм˽鷳һ¡
һһһ󼤶˵쵼ĿеĵλͿǲ˽ȥȶһԼûпڣ־Ƶġ
־ƿһı֣ҲһˣСӾһʱĴȷʵ˲СĽڼ˵ģԪɩӷż٣ʮ׼ʱСһȥݽһǣ㿴
ϰ壬ģ֤񡣡һ˵
Ǻãʱ֪ͨǡ˵꣬־ת䡣
һһϲԼλˣó±æѸղ־ƽ¼
ļ죬һ־ƵĺǳæµﳤҵĿ滮Ѿóˣ־԰ѹأ˺þã޸ģõίȥ֡
εûʲôϵ˴Эλͬ־֧һؽкãŪ˽ܺǶƲѡ˽׼鿪칫ѡģϼһҲûȤ־ȥڡ⿪ҪǸˣԼΪһ֮ȻҲ̵ܴһˣԼԳ⣬Ҳ˵۳Լޱס
Ƕ⼸ȹϵϣʲô¶û˼ڰǰͺϵҪȥ㱨һ¹֪ǶĹϵܽһʱ䣬͹ȥ㱨ֱٽ°ʱǶҲûеȵĵ绰ִ˸绰ȥ˵ڱȽæûʱ䣬ٴ绰Ƕʱʹ˹ģôæܲڰСʱҵʱ䶼鲻ɣкԼ̬ǰȻ˱仯̬ȿɾĄ̊́ϰ
ȵһʱǶæͺϵõϢȷʵҪʡȥᣬٹϢǶҪĸоѾԵʶĲˣ㱨ĵġѽ׶εıֺúõĻһӦûʲôطԼ־εʱһ棬ʱǶȻ𣬵ʱһԼú־ƵĹѵԼ׶εıִĶǶ뵽⣬ֱһ쬵ĸоͷ亹ֱðԼͨϵ˺ôŴߣʹ˶˵ĻԼ͵ʴף;˵ܾʹսᣬпܡ쵼ɻ䵱һףһ׵ˣʶɻ쵼֪ˡ
ͨؽڣǶл㱵ģһͺͺϵһΡڵǶٺôҲֻίߡ֪ʡԺǶҲסˣָӼˣԼˡ
ڶһ磬ǶԼݳί칫ſڵʱ򣬲ŸոߵʮӹڴɨܲƳǶһۣ˼Ƕվ⣬ˡǶֻ΢΢һЦкһ̾ǻƽʲôۣ£ܲͷء
ߵʮҵİ칫ңںŰŲ豭˿ϹϾվſڵǶŭһЩˮǶæͽ˵ǣã
ߣӱ߳һûǶֱӽ˰칫ҡŽİ칫ңһṦԺ󣬰ǶýԼİ칫ҡǶ˱˵飬СʱԺٽȥ
Ƕһ⻰سһԼԸԼ˵Լһ߻ᣬæмسźһȭ漴һ̡ıֱЦ룬еϰĻ߷磬ôֳģˡ
ʱϰԵọ̃͸Ƶǰֳ쿪һֻԺԼ̸ʱĳ˷еĲ豭˵ȥЧѰ־ͬ־ǱߺѴ򿪾ѽ
ڻº˶ʮ꣬˻еô֮⣬æ̬Լһע˶豭˵˾䣺ͬ־һܰ´õġ
˵İ칫ҳԺ󣬰Ƕʮ˴ڶһһʺһ飬׼绰ͽ㱨˵ǶҪ㱨ʱ⣬ʱúõذһȻҶԼĻȻΥʵ̫ɶˡ


ʮ ٸջ
Ƕʮӣټ֮⣬ڵͷæԼ飬·Ѿ˻Լ˴ڡǶʵڰ಻סˣֻý̵ĻᣬС˺һŻȻؽİ칫ҡһṦ򣬺ԺǶȥˡ
ǶŵƿţŽżߵ칫ǰͷû̫һ£ԼеļǶʱ׼ʱʮͰˮϰ£ֻùվǣǵܷСѧһ㡣
վ˰СʱԺڷеļ˵һ䡰ɣǶһ⻰⣬æƨϣ˺þãҲûڣǶ˵ǣ㱨һ½ڵĹ˵۽
Ĺû㱨ҿˣ׶̫ɫˣ˵ίˣڶóʱԹһԶطй˳
ǣңҡǶŵæվʱǶѾȫŪ˲Լԭ򣬿϶Լ˽Կ־ƵйϵǸް治֪ݣǵ͵ĺûţһɧ
ƽԺǶŰ˽Լ˵гκεȻмҲһЩԼժһõļơ
ǶĽԺ̹˲٣Ҫյ֣ѹҪôԼ˽ܵϿһֱŸ֡
Ŀĳ˵ǶԼʲôôǧԼȥ
Ƕͣ⻰һжǺܿԼģæͷʾס
˵־Ƹȥʡﶼȫ֧ÿơ˵ˣ᳤õشںǸСط𣿾ҪĻҪ˵㲻Ļ㻹ûǸʸ񡣡
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һ־ȥݿĻᣬҴҸϵŴ壬ԼŴ֧ǩ˻ľаЭ顣аΪ꣬һÿֱϽǧԪľеľ۳ȥֻȡɱάáЭ鿴ȥһմ˺ܴıˣû˹ֵĻĻľֻܱΪƽˣʱɾһĲֵȻһҲ˽֧һôҲһЩ̾ƶѣˮĵҶ
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ϴһ׻һԺֱȥ˽ߵζݡ׻ıһ飬еɧ֮Сɫĳ³ţǷɫëɴǰ󴦵׺ſſԲεС飬һ˫ˮĴ۾ͣһϴתŪһܲȻġ
׻ãóԸˣͷٸ֣ǸоɲһˬһǿⱣ׻Ƿſֱӹ࣬һƿҺһ׻Ķӡȵ׻ſϣﻹºþơʱһɵˡ˾ˣԼôȥأһҪʱѳѧˣҪ಻㡣
һĪչ֮ʣŽˣһæ˵ϰվֳ˺ȶˣҸ˰һ¡
飬ģһУѾһˡշأҪҲ⽫һϣű˵۾͵͵һ
ˣһȥ顣һͷӶԷԷɱʵ̫ǿˣһ۾治֪ĶţܲҸһң
ǿˡһ˫أԹ֮⣬ȥɣҲҰɣ
Է˵ˣһȻҲƴǡ
ſļܲϵԺƽȵǰС
飬ŻؼǲŮѵż˰ʵ
ϰ˵ЦˣһûŮأһ˵⻰ʱԺͻȻֳŷٵӰӡ
ǺǣҪһĵ˵
һתͷȥſЦ˵Ǿ鷳ϰˣһҪϰһƯġ
Ǻǣͱҿˣඣ㿴ⶼɶˡ˵ţ΢΢һ̧
ʱڸʻλϵһŷִ죬ŵϾǹĺ˿СƤȹ̣ܶΪŵԵԵø̣·ĳʵ̫ǿˡһֻԼԼĺ֮ǰ࣬룬СٸǷɧȻջԼҪ׻ıãͰˡһݺݵһҺذͷת򳵴⣬ſı֣¶˵Цݡ
ίſԺһ³ԺټԺ󣬼ҴҵĶӣЦû֦Ҳ


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һᣬȷѾ뿪Ժһæ¥ֱǱĺСȥ
ԺŷڴϿ飬һû˵ֱϴ漴ʹ֮ӡһͷ֮ʱͷвϵӿֳ󣬶ȹֱǰƣǳȵľͷ˿ʱʱֵĵɫԵøʱԵӼͦһ͵ؽ֮ŷǽڽڰˣжһɿǻ
һ֮ŷٰ˵ĶʰɾԺ󣬶Ժ󣬿еһߵʣǲʲô̼ˣôô
һһţ̻ҾֱӵڱϣһæҵʰԺ󣬽͵Ǻüûˣﻵˣò̵ȻܷŹô㻹û㣬ҪһΡ
ǺǣȥģŪ˼ҵڻеʹءŷٵӻС
ô£ҿ˵꣬һһͷ˱
Ҫŷٱ߽бñӰԼعסһԺ˶硣
ڶһ磬һԺ󣬿ŷѾͣһţ̣һ̻ʵسԺ󣬿ʱ仹磬ֲסŷ١ţһ˵ţ˹ȥ
˭ţн㡣ŷϷԣȴͷȥ
ҿҪԪܹ֮ϰķ˹ˡһǸ˵ϰķ˹ԺԼȻҪңڻҲˡ
û£Ҫŷƽ˵ܸعһˣҲͺ֪ˡ
һһж漴Ѹжжһ§סŷ٣ȥһ࣬þûɿһʼԳŷһץס»ָָ֣ǽϵĹӡһֻ㬵ȡ˸һĶ
ѾٽϰʱˣŷֱӰһίԺ·ߣˡһڴɨ֮ʣ־˽һ˵С찡ɩǴʮҵݣϺСһ¡
ãϰ壬ȻǾ͹ȥһæ
Ŷˣɩӵֻ룬ʱϵġ־ƵݸһһƬ
һ˫ֽӹһдš÷֥ʡҽҽʦȼæƬװ¿ڴ
־ݺò֮󣬰ļűط˰칫ϣһԼİ칫˵ң־ƼŰˣҪȥȡ㱨һæϲ豭һ¥־͵Ժ󣬺һʻȥ
һͳﵽݵʱʮ㻹ӣ˵;վԺڱС̯Ҫһߺȱġ
磬ǲǺǸС磬˵𣿡һ߷ֵСָһ˵
һȺ˴̨׼·Ϊ׵ĶǱΪģϴαؽݾ
ûСӣһǺί־Ƶ飬ԱߵǸ˾гҧгݵ˵ϴܵȫ鼯һϣһֱŻ
ôȥһѣϴγԱԺҲǺһǵ͵ĳӼ֪ź־ƶܵģԸС飬ֵ
ɲɵӣȻ׵ϵһת˵û⣬磬Ƕġ˵ǰɣȻһƬ֮صһۣ֪һԼףֲƣܲһСǰ˵ҿɲȥˣǻƨ
װ˼һԺ˵ȱæŶǣӣҶסǣݸġһǺ־ݿǰµģԼһ־ƱȻ棬Ļɾ͸ˡϴε˴ԺԼ㱻ڼһڣҪٸϮίǵųǿ¹ؼĴŽԼˡ
һͳ￴ʱˣͳվȥҸյʮңһֻˣһϰ˵ĵ绰ͨԺһ˶ԷλãԭǻڳϣǾͺ÷֥Լãڳվǵȡ
һͳæȥ˳վڣһṦ򿴼һӦĳ;վæӭȥӳλŮʿһλʮ꣬һɫİ볤£ȥ󷽣һλʮ꣬ٻƵıţ澹ǵһţп⣬Ŀȥ͹£һϢǸʮСŮ黨裬Ժһ˦һ˦ģ·Ҫѳȥһ㡣
һˡŮӴһ
һʱҲѾϳŻɫаŮӾǺԼй֮Ե֣Էĺæ첽ӭȥһͳӹﱿصǸЦЦ
ˣãһǳġһ˵
С찡鷳ˣ÷֥˵ԺôͽɩӰɡȻ÷֥Էһʺܲð˼ʡҽĸҽʦҲᾫӢˣ㲻ײعԷ˵ĳƺŹ֡
֣һЦǰϣСҲںЦġͬã壬ûò
Сһͷæһͳ˵ǺãҽͬãܸʶǡСѾͷһӳһͳҲæҽܣϰıǧá
λŮͲΪ˰ɣ÷֥һ΢΢һЦ
֣ôˣһʱл˵еʡ
ôҹҪ׼֣һһۡ
һ⻰ҭֱֱֹۣСַ̲֪ˣ죬ҿû㰡
ҵã˵ҲҪ˵иأ÷֥˽͡
㣬˵ʲôء֣һƬ糺죬˼صͷ
÷֥һ֣룬ǰʱ䣬ʶСһֱֵģһкӵԸʲôںôŤѵ˵ѣǰСӣǺǣȵ˵ͷúõһ
˱˵վȥճվţ߹ģˣͷ缦ѣ·ûͣһĲϻ˸ʲôòһֻЫӣ쵲ţô
ֻͨһͷĳײϵ֣Ӵ֣۵ôһ
Сǽʲôа·û۾˵ֱ֣ǰȥһæһקԷֻһץ֣Ҽϡһˣ֣ŮһĴڣԼ䲻벻ȻHɫ۸̽ǰֱһȭ˳ӵšȻ󣬵ûзһһУСӣҴ磬Ǹϣļһզ


ʮ öצ
һʱѾۣڵϲһש׼ɱˡ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬֮ʣһӰѾһ˳ȥֻҽ֮󣬸ղվĸѾȫſ˵ϣҡҡλվŵģǰһһȭĳͷƲ׼ŵĨͣͻȻһŭŮöצӡ
ǣһ
һûعӥһ˹ȥŶһɱĺУֽСۣ۵ֱڵϴ
һųֻеվһߣ·ղŷһкûκһϵƵġ
ֵܣ̫ˡ´εұʱúõؽѵѵʡһ쵽Լε֣ϾһƬ˷֮ɫ
ɩӣ㿴ǲǴ绰һ侲÷֥ʾϾΧѾΧ˲ˣҪһ֮Ѿ̫ˡ
ãɣ÷֥һ򶨡
һһ֣˵һҽǸŮͬ־ʱӦûҲѲŶԣ÷֥ıַ·˵Ĵ򶷳һ㣬ϰΪߵͬþҲûκεĺ֮ɫ
һ׼绰֮ʣѾԶˣһᣬĸñֿȺ˽һﷸֹݾĳЧǸߵó氡߸ոճ£ӲǾѾֳˣ᲻ʲôè塣
Ȼ쿴һֳԺʵϵ˭˵ģ
ңһͳŻش
˴ȥΪ׵İһָһͳµ˵죬Ҫ˴
Ǹʲôô׾ˣ÷֥Ҳ˲Ծֹ
ԣǺίĹԱЩײˣҪˣǲųġţΧ˵顣һԴǵ˵
ٲмһ˵˵ҲܣǴ˿϶ûȥһˡĻԺ󣬵ڵϵļС
һǰһǸ˵˺ȥ֣λŮʿͺߡ
Уһģһȥ˵
ȷҪҽ׸㣬λŮʿǺίǵķˣʱԲ˶ߡһĻ͸һɭɭĺ⡣
Ҿ͵ţӷͬأȫҴз־ȥŵ˼㣬ֱԱţһԶԷļơ
ӵʮ㣬ԭģйз־ֵΰӳ׶ξһλֳݣǳûʲô
ҲǻԵɺϣһηУȻʶ˳гܿ顣һԺΪͶڷһĺԺ󣬶ԷӦΪһ¡죬оﴫϢֳˣֵ֮ʱղŽӵܿĵ绰;վſڴ˰Ů־ȥȻʥּһ㣬Ķ˼ɶԷݡ
һһƲԣæ˵һ߲־Ƶĵ绰ߵμҪ˻㱨־󣬳Ĭ˶ʮӣһȥз־֣飬취һ־Ƶ˼ת÷֥ص˵ͷֻ֣һûûεӣһҲģֱͬ˾һͳԺ󣬵ҲûΪ÷֥֣
з־ԺһʶԣľǸӾٺղųļһ
ôģǵڼˣʵ
ʲôڼˣǺίĹԱղǶԷƵģֻһֱ
˵ˣСӻðίԱҿ㳢㲻ֵ֪ųĶأݺݵ˵
˵վԱϵСʹ˸ɫˮװȥˮˡߵſڣ洫һҽУһЦͳ绰˸룬㵽һȥˡ
÷֥֣ͬõûܵʲôŰֻǷֱ𱻹ѶΪӵָǺúдһǸɫ޷ؼһȻûҪٶ¶ˡ
ʮԺ󣬹صղŵǼѶңֻһϴƬϣ˿˿ѪسСͷ𱸵Ҳŵ㣬ôˤôأ
һ̧ͷŹһЦ˵ţҼס˵ľˣһҲܡ
һŭУо˿˿⣬ȻѾӣȻҲûֵĵ׼ʾ˼ʰһͻȻѶҵűƿˣһ꾯̽˽ߵĸǰ˵ܾ֣ˡԴӴθֳԺ˶Ѿ˳ƺ꾯ٿеݷ־ֵľֳ㡣
һ⻰ʧɫᾯʹ˸ɫԼ򼱼ææȥʣµæҵذһ沿·
칫ҵʱһ˪վڰ칫ǰϵĲҶʹƬĽɣһ豭ոСһݷ־־ǿƣ˵һƽʱͲôټϸոոôĶС˵ȥҪԲ˶ˡ
֣Ӵ˶١
۶ûһ¹ֱĴڡͻȻ⴫ҵĽŲһŸղŵһŮǸСŮ˽æ첽ǰȥǸ˵ʣλ־ǵķˡ
÷֥ǰһ˵ãֳ鷳ˡ
ˣˡ㱧Ǹѣȱŷ־ʶˣ֮ǰ־ʡί֯ʱ򣬻СذһæҪǶԷԼϽʲôίĻ治֪Ժ־ơ
ֳãǻһأôˣúúһ֣ûһһģ÷ֳ֥ԺæָŹʡ
һ벻Ȼһˣ۱Ź˵Ǿĵţӵʱ䡣˵ֶ̧꣬
ֻȴƮײײ߳ȥæ˲ܿĵ绰ֻжԷܾԼˡ
һܽŵʱ֣һһģߵ鲻ͣص֣һһɳϣȭͷ׼ȥһһץסϾԷٲԣڹŹ򾯲ĻҲǼװƽ飬ʱϰܱһıֿֱĴ磬Լλãڹٳϳ꣬Ҳδ侲
ֳλ־Ƶ飬һ㿴ϵˣԼˤİɣ÷֥˵


ʮ ͻ
һֱ쵽һľ˭ɵģ
˵ͷʱһֱ͵ǰ״Ѿ֪˿϶һĽ˵ڿʼְͣˣȺֵίĴ˭ָʹôɵģ˵
¶һҪ־һϾ˼ҷ˱ؽ֣鱻ŪѶûˡ
С㿴ңҿ㣬ʱĶѹָʹͲӰȫ˵˳ɨ˹ǽǵĹһۣ˵°ǰһ˵ϵֳңΰӳְκǿͬ־⻰ڹĶֱǧ겻ıѩҪ䣬ŵһֱӵڵϡ
ʱűƿˣһ̶˵Ķ䣬ֳôĹһƼɲ˵͸ˡ
˲ʶʶģȻоֵĳ񸱾ֳԽһ߲ƣٿ£ǸһӦоֵĸֳ֮ģעưոˡ
㾡ܺǲԸֻеͷȥʺã˭жԷٴһأѸղŵķϸԽ˻㱨Խȴ˵˭֤ϵˣģ
һ⻰һµӵľһҡͷһ޹
ֳ㿴˰ɣӦɷĻӦԼͬ־Խһʵ
⣬⡭Ļ㲻֪𣬳Ϲӣû˿ϵǱģԽȴӲ˵ˤģ׼Ϊǿгͷˣ治֪ʲôʱĴһ˵Ծ֣㿴ǲг˻㱨
ˣҾǳггġԽһӣϵ˵룬óгѹңŶûУҪԴ绰һùءĳгйֳ渱г
һԷ˵ֻ˵һߣ÷֥ǸһЦ˼ѾԼҵˡ÷֥Ҳûн⣬ԴȵһЦ
⼸ȫѹȥ¼ڹһҪľŪԽʼʩ
ĹƨĹۿ˭ˣ֣ͱһŮڱﲻסˣԽ쭡һ˾ջڶԷһһˣðɣСʱܹ裬Ź֡
㣬㣬ĶҰѾͷ죬ҴȥҸоõԽ֣һˡ
Ҷһָͷ̽첻йƸ׳죬ҾͲָ֣֣Խı˵
һֱָоʱʶӴšԶ϶˲Ŀơ
ԽֱʮͷСŮϣйɱ˵ɱֱѹԼһʱ治
ţ˵֣꣬ͳֻ
ãһŮ˵Ķ䡣
һѭȥֻ÷֥Ѿֻ˶ߡھϽ÷֥ƶԷΪǣһ룬Ǵ˵ģǺηʥأǲܸöǰһ
֣ʱѾһߣһСŮ˵̬һ̾Ů˻Ʊ䡣
ԽҲԣһԷʱԼﲻæ绰õԷϾ͹Ĵ𸴣Ҳͷġгұۣݣ˴ϰ壬˭ܰôҪ˵ʶίˣԽҲţҪĻǻԹԵص뵽⣬Խָ˸ղŵĵ⣬ԱߵľԱһӣȥԺ󣬻Ѵ˶ϣ̺ﵯһ֧лϣҪԷܳʲôϷæشȥΪϻ
һšί˸սӴŷĳĻ̴һʮˣص칫Ҹ׼СƬ̣繤ճ̱ûʲôţ΢һ¡ƹôһУ˵Ҳأʱ˸оľƣϢң²ӣĵ绰ͻȻʱҲ˶šΪʱ绰࣬¼ŵ˶֪쵼Ϣʱ䣬ôòϼŵ쵼ʱҲҪϢһ㶼ʱ绰ʲôͻ¼ҲϣϢʲôϷá·֮ġܳһһþͻתȺ¼ͷٵµģϡҵ£Ϊ˶жףĶڡ
˺˼֮ʣŽˣػ㱨˵ʡίǵĵ绰һ⻰һµӴԾ䣬ϵıӱһڵءϢɲ˲ţʡίǳԪڻʡӪ꣬ؼеһֶģҲ⣬дţһпϵ룬Ϊ͹ҵ쵼ˡһֻӺĤݵĴڡ
ץסͲֻ֣óزѣеĿܣæҲһסɫĻͲǣǣǷģϾ͹ȥһ´һ˴ʱ˵ˡ
˵绰Ժһƨ̱ϰϣͷϲһϸܵĺ飬æݹһëһԺ˲žԼĴԻָתëݻ飬侲˵Ǵ绰̸ϵз־֣͹ȥæǣתæȥ绰ˡ
˴ʱ侲мһ֣˭ûˢӡղڵ绰ʡί˵һ쵼ĺ˱ץݵз־֣һ˹ݺ˵ͷˡϸһ룬ˣҲΪʲô¡־ֳθгһֱΨհ˵ί̩ǶԼҲΥġܰһ£ǹֿɾ˳ԼˣʡίǴзû˸ҳ۵
еϵ˵ķˣȥϴһ칫ŵʱֳС費ϴˡ
˳Ժ˵ϰ壬Ѿȹȥˡ󣬵˵ͷʱĥʡίһ쵼ĺ˾ǺηʥôᵽСطġҪܽͶԷύһĻǶԼ;ԶӰ졣뵽⣬˲ԳһЦԼߵ˵˼ңԼܺͶԷύе˵εĸо
ʱз־ǽţҩζʮ㡣ԺԽ㱨ҲûףԷ⼸Ӧòɹƭ֮ͽһֱλŮʿǺίǵķˣҲӦòм١


ʮ ǰվ
ԲܿԹԣԼףǲ·ӣԹ鱧ԹҲûһίǷοǸ־Ƶģλûм졣ȻˣȻΪԽϾʵԼġ
λǺ־ǵķ˰ɣ÷֥˵ǹصĹÿһӦΪһɲӦûϣ˵ǰɣ
¾ֳŶӦýгг԰ɣ÷֥Ļг˲мͰµ˵ģǴܶŹھֻһڣʣǲǼ˻ѽ
⣬⡭֪
Է˱ǴˣҽԺƣһ͹ԽһһĽ͡
Ŷôȥôʱ䶼ûƺذҿʡҽԺҽ˵ܰʲôæ÷֥
㣬㡭Խ˵
һʱ÷֥һݾ֮飬˸֮ʣһץסԷߣûжϺ͹ϵľģӦԼϰĿȾ֮ˡ
Ǿΰ참ֲָֻţȰǵ⽻÷֥裬߳ŭĶһ㸱г湫ֳķȡ
ڶԷ˹֮ǰûʲô˵ġ÷֥һᵭ˵
һͳһۣ룬Լϰķ˻治һǿƣҪ֪վǰĿõʵְ䲻ǳίҲĶȥʱһлһ˿ڴղŵ绰еĳǾǺηʥҪûĻ÷֥Ҳ˵ı֡Ҫ֪ǿʳᣬҪǮġ
Խһʹɫ˵ǿɾɲˡԽͰ಻סˣ漴ߵľ⼸ȫҴȥúõزһʱ˳׿ϣνǵʮ㣬ỹ׼󣬺ϴǰúñһ͸ղŵСֱӾ׼ǰ֡״ĵ˳ȵľͷ׼־ͨϿ취ʱɾͳˡ
ճſڣͻȻӭһͦŽǵӣߵñȽϼϢ쳣أ滹Ÿģˡ㶨һ˾ίίί̩æӭȥ˵ǣãз־ʱˣ˸ۣԼ˵˳˭ί쵼¸ӡ
㰡ء̩վסӣ˿˵з־ô°ô׵ץˣ
ǣǡûСûץ˰ɶͷԣз־治֪ײʲôˣһһͷòƻʦġ
ûץˣѵǻ˵ǵĻѣԼȥǽͰɣ̩޺޵˵룬ѹֵԼҺԺˣԼһõίίίȴָӲ֣ѻ
һ⻰ͷˣ룬ʲô£ôҪԹô£ûʲôر鰡ѵʱ͵𣬸ղ־Ƶź˸绰ȥѵ̩˶ǳġҪĻŮ˾ʲôͷһ绰ܰί㲻һ
֮ǰأ
һ⻰ȷԼжϣشѶء
Ǻ֣̩˵ȥ
ãߣ˸ơ̩ԺװŲ˵гء
ޣð̩ʧ˵βס˷֮顣
ͷһᣬ̩ǹһ˿΢Ц룬ﴫ˲Ըġ˵Լһܾʹ˴̩ߣǿ֮ϲ
̩ĻҲһ˷ܣղڵ绰ظʡҪ쵼ڹע¡ڳȻѾУץסԷİѱͷ˵Ժ󹫰־Լƿ֮С뵽⣬Ӵ˽Ų
ȥԺŲûйʵѾ̩ǻӻ֣Сֹͣ˶ʱת̩ˣνûаѶԷĹؼ̩ôġ˸ͨ籨ţ˵ҲӦùָίǵʣݹٳǹܣ֮ǰӦѾ֪Լ򣬴ʱȡ𡣿̩ȴ⣬͸һ˿죬ԼȲæſڣԷô˵
̩Žʱ򣬳˶վ̩ãŴ׵ĳ޲ȥһֱӰѶԷߵڵأ뿴ŵʱʱԼôĶ֪
гæʱ䶼˲Ϣ̩ȿ˿ڡ
лл쵼Ϊ˸Ӳض˻ȥ
Ŷʲô¾ȻͳгĴݣҲ
һԷƣ֪׼һˣ룬˵ܷʲôǳԽһŬ졣Խᣬ̰ľͼӴ׵˵һ顣
֣Էȫں˵˵Ҫվ쭣÷֥קסˡ
ô˵λСͬ־ϵԼˤģ԰ɣָ̩һ˵
Խ˿ԷϺޱ飬׳ŵ˵ǵģǡ
ֻءһ̩ȭͷصϣŭ۾Ϲˣ۾Ϲˣˤģˤҿ
˱̩ıһҲԾ룬ǳΰˣôôǿӲ
Խ֪λش𣬳Բ̩ûǷݵ
˸ΡڿˣֵǣһʱտܣиšˤŵģҲˣѾиҪ쵼㱨ˣ㿴е˼ԣҲֻǷ£滹дֲָֻš
̩ôԷе˼һЦ˵ҲֻǴǰվģ˽һһ͵
ͬʱϢɱ̫ˣίǾȻҪԹŵĿⶢ̩Ͽһ˿ȻʧˣԷУް㳶ƤĻšתһ룬ԼڰΣһõίίίǣô³أǲǳԱ˳ŵġ
뵽⣬ҲһĻţΪײ˵ǹڣǿɲģٰվܻģʱɱٲ˶ߣæȥ绰ˡ
ӵĵ绰Ժ󣬳гܿҲľѣôҲ벻ףôᾪأ


ʮ 䶨
֮ǰĶ绰Լ˵мѱһ˸ˣŸִкܿ˵Ҳ֪ʲô񣬵ϾǶͷ˾Ĺӣ˵Ҳǣ͸˸绰벻˾ҲκϽˣԼˣҪΪⱳĺڹǲԩǣæĵ绰
ŪľԺòܿȿķչʱ㱨ܿһ飬Ҳһ̽ŵףûԼɵöۣһ򣬾һ
ڲܿͨĵڣѾ߽İ칫ңʱҲдˣϹϾվһߡ˽Ժ̩˵ͷѯʵ̩ǣô£
̩ԭίϸ˻㱨ǿԽԭ˵һϵˤġʱ޲̻̩һﵱԼҩԽɸһ㶶ͣˡ
ܼˮӱǿ߳һ㲻ٿˣֱߵһǸǰ˵Сͬ־˼ίˣҴйǸʱ˲ŮУλļλ쵼ĺˣǾȻһȹע˵ģ϶û
һŪôֲ˲ԺӦ˹վֱӣ˵ǣ⻰ҿɲҵίһ
һ˵ྩôǺģȴûκ΢Ц˵ԭǺͬ־Ǵˮѽ־ǿǸİû̽
һܵǣλ־ǵķˣ÷֥Ůʿ
Ŷԭ־Ƶķ˰ãã֡
ǣã鷳ˡ÷֥˵
ţһһһܸˣֻ˵֣ʱ򣬺˵һλŮʿ˵ѡ˶ʱģΪλƯŮһλ׳ﱲ
˷ֱ֣ͬö䣬Ȼֱ˵λ¶ܾˣɣȥԷ֮ǰίһһĴ𸴡
˶۾÷֥÷֥ȴ֣˵Ǿллˡ
˼״Ӽ֣һͷΪ˾Բ̫ӵʽ
ʱԽѾԤе²ˣͣ˭֪˸ûиᡣ
ίдԺѹ緹ʱ䣬ίǹ٣ЩʦǵĶ쳣һṦһ˾ͰԺһž߹ʹ̣ղھ߶ȼУûʶһŸоҶоһȻҲĳԷˣ֣֮Ա
˼״һͷ˼񼲲ţһṦһų͵дſڡ˳Ҳȥҽ
ίǵĴͲ˹ҽ¶жͺԺæǰܺƳĸԺԽƿһԺҲһƬϣԺָ߲۵üԺжϿ찲ȥƬӣͬʱùǿȡݼ٣ҽԺϰࡣ
һԺϽڳص߹Ƕһѷ졣䲻Ǻܴ󣬵ڻߵݱȽ⣬ԺŽ֢ʮСʱ˿ŪһЦá֣˲עʱ򣬰÷֥һߣһǸǺݺݵسͷǼ֡÷֥֣滨ӣ뵽ѾͷСе뷨ˡ֣˵ھͰһ绰ǣ֪ôġ
ҴҴҵģ֣Ƶķʡ
÷֥϶ص˵ͷ֣ҲܶԷǲѰԼˣóֻ˸ոƬ˺롣
Ȼ÷֥ϣһӵ绰ǸʾϾٿίᣬһ֣һ˵֣Ҷϵ绰һɵؿ÷֥÷֥ʼ磬һ޹صļơ
־ĵҸϵҽԺģһ˸ԷȫΪԼķ˺ͺӣ˵⣬Ҳò⡣÷֥Ԫ绰Ժ󣬾ͷŸ־ˣʱҪκϽð졣
־ƺ÷֥ߵʱ֣չһûкһȥһ
˴÷֥뿪Ժ̩Ҳ뿪ˣٳ֮ʣͶȥĿ⡣Ҳ˳ȥѾԤеݹϵͳһˡ
ʣµȫɥͶȥȵĿ⣬ʱϵزܿĵ绰ŮȴһʾԷڷãȻطֻһʧǵӣ˴ضãӶԷ￴һı
ֵʱίߵ׼ʱٿ̩ͨľתʡίǳԪָʾһ˳ίúֱ졢ܿ׼֮һܱס׳ĺϮܵʱ˶Լͬıս͡
ܿͳˣһЭһʹҵĸζȻֹˡһʮ꣬긻ǿĸɲԣҪԽֱӲ¼ֱ·ŵ֧ӣΪһͨĽֵྯֱӱӣһƽ˾׷ǵΡ˵ȺҪزŴӿش˻Ҫгܿ´γίϾͱ¼顣ܿûпڣݺݵصһۣ˼ΪӱĺڹͶȥмһƳԼǲĶ˸
ίԺ˾ͰѴ֪ͨ־ƣֱӴ绰λ֣Ĺģ뻹ûô˵ĵڶ绰ǴʡίǵģԪĴԺ󣬲û˵ʲôֻʶԷûҪæشûСԪŹҶ˵绰룬յĴϴǻģԼµ㹦ѻ±ɺ¡
־ưϢһʱѾǾŵԺˡһһ벻̶̵ļСʱ֮һһѾⲻ٣ŵķ־ΰӳ֣֮Ľ겻ѡ
һƳһڰŪֻ֣һתʵŮϰǵ绰Ǵ˭ģԴϴСĳƺǵö治ԺһҲǸƺˣŮòƶԷͦϲġ
˧磬ֱӴ绰ϰ˰ңô֪ĵ绰˭ģ֣ƻػһ䡣


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ǺǣܣΪҲ֪Ǵǵġһթ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪأ˭֪֣ϵ
ˣˣһǾǺηʥһڿǸˣұﻵˣɵóеΰ
ǺǣŻ˭ΪŴģ֣ɨһһۣм˵ҪҲԣġ
һһٺһЦ˵ģ򵥣ˣˡ
֣ϵӡ
ãɵȵúļһһЦ˵
֣ʼûӦϸ׽飬е޺޵˵åñ￪̣ôѵ㣡
˵ţʹŵŴ˹ֱ־һĶ䣬һæƵһڴϣλñȽϵ֣ͣǾӸ£֮䣬һ־ץ˶Էءʱ˶βѣ֣һֱ쵽ӸˣһҲڵֻɵɵؾţ·Ƿͦ
Ҫ֣СرԹһ䣬תšǽϣżԼƽǺֵĸоľмֲᣬ߰ġ
һ֣ȥԺΪ϶ˣǰû֮飬˼һҺĵչԼԼȻ˼Ҷֶŵģ̫ˡһҪ¸÷֥Լͳ˸ɫСϰ廹Լ
һ˼֮ʣ֣˽ﻹһཷ˿棬һż־ƴ绰֮ǰԼ˵ӶˣҪ档Ū˰죬ԭԷǳȥΪԼģԼںҵġ
лл㰡ղŵԲ𰡣һ˵
㻹˵Щ߰Ķһɫǡ֣޺޵˵԰ɣһˣճһˡ˵꣬ڴͷĹϣӰһѴҡˡŴߣһͷԷȥ˭֪һ޵ͼ֣ٻƵıǵʱһӸ£ķ羰һࡣԷղŶԼۣæ۾ƿǺǿһ㣬ӵĹĿͶ䵽ˡλ㹻ˣ֣ߵͷ˹һŲòջֲ˼Ŀ⡣
ȷʵǶˣһ̻ʵģһṦһˡհһԵӽͰ֣ͷˣղǳǵݣûأ
һãȻҡҡͷ
ͷ֪Ժ֣͡ͻȻͣסѾߵĻʱʶǻʺϴһŮ
ʲôһװʵ
㻹˵˵ҾͲˡ֣ŭ
һæͶ״Ȼһ˵ǳǾ˭Դ޽ѵˡ
롣ָָ֣컨塣
˰ʡһģίίǶճ°
ϡ
һһ࣬ϿɾʡίҪ쵼ˣѵһʱ뵽һǣ㵵֣ŵһѼ
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һ֣ıֽһȷԼжϣԼʵ뵽ˣ˭һ绰õίϴģԼⷽаͽ֮⣬ǿǶţݶҪϢ̫ˣԼϰķʲôأʱصظʡһŴ绰յͼӰЧһһˣ´˵е̫ӵҲ˰ɡͨ㣬һϲ¶΢ЦԼϰǿӲĺ̨ԼȻºóˡֻҪԼиŬ˵Ҳʹ˹˺ͨ
Цǵԣ׼ʱڴʲô⡣֣һһЦ̲ס˵
ûУûСһ񶨣룬ôôӡ
һ֣ƨ֮ʱеĶżͥȴ緭һ㣬ֵòɿ
ίոսʹ绰Լǻ˶ӣĶҲ׼ȥʹڼԼȴ˵ԼʱӦ졣̸ӹԶˡ˵ֱ꣬˵绰
һ⻰ŵòᣬæһСߵ֣ҴҵغȺѴ˸кϳæݸϡ
һ·ϣһ㣬Сʱ˼šϰɮ붨ضɳϣһĨᣬɰƬѾݿĲҶϰǶŭȻֻİɰӶˣһҿԣߵǰ׼¡
վˣ˭ģȵ
ͻһŵûһƨڵϣСһ䣺Ͳ˰
һӵСӸԼһ˴鷳ȻҶ죬վԲұۺݺݸһƣߴ˵㵹ˣӽ㡣漴̧ҽţݺݵһ˹ȥ
ˣһʱӦֱӱһߵڵءСʱܹ˵𷣣ڵϾĨᡣż״۲ѣһ˵ϣ߿ޱ˵Ҫ򣬾ȴҰɣ
һ̾Ϣң˵ͻɣǴĸܶһҳ綼û˵꣬ǿһŵĸӣֱ鷿صһš
ȥãŸԼĸ״ԭί֪ԼȥһʱǰȻи׹ݣںòܿҪ飬ᣬ֣֮ŵɵɵվԭáá
ڶԪһ磬˾ԵҽԺ̽һģˣ˵Ҫɷһ¼ΪӢۡһһ㣬󶼲֪Լ߾˵Щʲô
ߺһĲеĴСԱһ㣬㷽գҵ̨˵ĶЩ̲ףտǸıǮ֮Ļһضһĺ
־һǰʱģһæһ췢־˻㱨һѺ顣
־ЦЦ˵Ǻ˼οģҸʲôأѵָҲһ
÷֥֣ͬ󣬶Цһ򲻺˼ץץͷһ硣
˴ԼһСʱң־һҾͻغˣʱ־һʲôʱԺóӡ⻰ɴ־Ƶ˼һʱҽԺסȥ治֪«ʲôҩ
ڶձϾ͵һ¼͵·ƽεһˣҲǺʹͽʱµġһ󣬿Цѣ֣ǿģץűֽֿ÷֥ĸŮѾӦˣߵʱû֣ǲǺһȥ


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֣γб쵼һܵļ٣һ²ȥϰ࣬Ҳû˻
־ƴʱϰϢղŵĳίῪеϣٿλҪ۳ؽ⣬ﱸ˳֮ͨУڿﱸС칫ѡϣҲûκײƸسﳤҵԺǶű̬֧֣һֱһµĳŷҲĳ֧֣˽ܾܿ۵ûκ壬Ҳû飬ȫƱͨ־ע⵽ھֱһ˲䣬˽ϵıۼ
⽨ıŵͷʱʼ׼ѹһѹһһ뵽ʡҪ쵼ܹעĻʹǸ뷨
һǾźŻصģʱ򣬰֣ȥӦĺ͡ĥ˶ԶԷ˺øУһѾŻ֣濴ȥ֣ʵǸǳϸеŮһֱĬĬͨԼУһʲôŻĸĸҲûⷽʶŴʹѽԶȥۣһ֪עΪԼ޷һ֣֡ǰһͽձ繤һ֪ƾı¾ԲѰ쵽ʱһж˳־ͰѶԷ§˻֣һֻɵСèһһĻһƾ§ŶԷ˿ĳܵǰĲһȻû˿ĳ嶯ʱ˿̣аԣҲǳԹŮǿ׷Ѱνаɣ
ڶһ磬һ˰칫ңæŴɨļڵӣǿʹ־ĽɫԹ沢ûκε顣־ûʱһȥίǿʾһ¸л׶ҪͷˣǿĶȽ磬һѾȴ绰ˡ
Ƶʱ򣬷ֵڴɨһ˳·˽ȥ̧ͷһæ˵ΣһξƼ鹤ﻹǰ
һһ㶣룬Сӷʲô谡Цôҿæ˵ҿʲôİñҿɾͲˡ
ԼȻ֪ѽپȵ˵
һ˵һͷˮʵ֪ʲôմݻ
ѾΪίĸˣѾˣ㾹ȻڹڿЦ˵
һԷӲ˵Ц͵ֲøղŴ绰ǿʱԼ̹˵иϢԼԭˡ͵˼䣬תǿİ칫ȥ
ǿ˵Ժ֪ԼסԺԺ󣬲־Ϊί츱Σ־Ʊʾͬ⡣һһж־ƺͲ˸м֮顣˵ίǵί츱ǹϾԼŶʮ꣬ʵʵڵĸƼһԼ;ԶӰ졣
һص칫Ժ˼ãǾȥ־ƱʾлԺ󣬰־ưѲ豭ˮĥһᣬ־ƿеļһ˵лϰġ
Ǻǣ֪ˣ־ƿһЦ˵׼ٿ⣬·ɺϣҲˣҲ˳ˮˡ
һл
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һͷǣ־޷Ըţ˳
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ʱ䣬ǲίΪӣ־ƸԼ͹ϵͶӪСڿľǶôȷԼܵãڳίҲһĻȨ֮ǰһֱų´ɣ˵ԷǸְίǣ˼ϣΪϣǺܹӲģЩɲĿģ˽ܺǶĲƣȴһٵ̡ݣٽ֮ʣ˸衣ںҲ˲ٵҲƸۣͶ־Ƶĸԭ
һίίظĹԱԷسƺΪΣЩСԱ·һܲ˼ڽһ¥ʱӭײ֮Ȫ˴Ǵβ֮󣬼涼˴˿شкȻæ顣֮Ȫȴͣ˽Ųһ֣˵Σϲ
һҲæͶԷһա˵ͬϲͬϲ
Ժε쵼¹ˣѽ
˵ЦˣԺָһػش
һһæɣͲˡ˵֣꣬תȥһ˲䣬ϲ˷ߺޣ룬С˹ʺˣʮȻԼһ˸ƼˣԼȥḱƵʱѾʮˣǺǶ˺óʱƤӣʵֵġ
һ֪֮Ȫ뷨Ҳаѳߵģ֪ԷǸƲԼͳԹİԶк;ֹġ
ص칫Ժһֿʼæµٽˣ鶼㼯һ𣬹־Ʋλĺʮݣһ룬ϰǲԲҲæѽһ׶ҪǰļڵɸѡһЩ޹ؽҪģ͵־Ƶİͷ
һֱæ磬극صᣬ׼Ϣһ£ֻͻȻһФĺ룬ѾжʱûˡһסԺڼ䣬Ф绰˵Ҫŷ١ٻһȥһ˿һһҲԸ뿪ֱ֣һڻؾ˶Է룬󷿺Ͷʱδ̫˵ɡ
ιһҲһФڵ绰µ
û㣬㲻Ҳ֪ˡֻ֪Ҫȥλһ࣬ȻͨġǺǣô𣿡һЦ
ˣٳˡФ˵
ץŵ绰ЦҪҹĻ֪׼Ϊֻںء


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ٵĲ磬ֵҲжʱûˣдأһ˵ϰɣмˣ˶ֵ㡣ʱСӴţҾͲ绰ˣھɣʱҸİ䡣
Ӵ𣬿ⳡ򰤵ֵǲ˲ٺФСͶĿȾٳϵʣܲеĵ
һǹ²Էȴ취ңҪҪҲͶٴ㡣
лˣͲ鷳ˣ˵ˣ˴ûãǵ˴ùˣȥ㰲ŰɡФ˵
һһȣֵֵ֪ܵܰԼ⣬治̫㣬æ˵ǾллˣֱʡǮ˵ģ˲ٺأ
ÆҾ͵ųԴˣ˰ݣ
ûһػФĵ绰ѾҶˣһЦҡҡͷһһģ֪ʲôʱܸĸġ
һ漴ŷٴ绰׼ԼȥСģЩǱﻵˣ俴֣ħģҪװһҵӣҪжܡ˭֪ŷپ˵ϲ㣬һƲѣҲûȥС£⵽ʱ򿴵õԲŸܣ۲ĲءŷԺ󣬾ֱӹ˵绰
һ绰һ˯⾹ȫˡϴѧʱµıײ´ѩҪ˯ġۿ˯ˣɴһݣָǿ׻̸Ѧʤ˵绰ԼھԷѦʤСӳȻҲϡԷϴκԼһ˻ľȥӦҲ˲ٿ࣬Ǳʾлɡ
绰Ժһûϰʱ䣬ִ˸绰ؼңסԺڼ䣬֣ǲ̫㣬Ҳû绰ؼҡ绰ӵģһ˷ܣԺѺ˹һʺԺһ߸ĸǻľԼѾаˣʱûʲô£ҲҪ˹ֱ˸տǲҪģȿ˴Ժ˵һһҪչ˺Լ˵ڴүǶڼֱ˵Ҫ÷磬Ҫˡһ󣬿Цѡ
ϰʱһһ־ƸǰһԼ׼͵飬־ûһŷ±ɲ־ƻ㱨СΪһĸС־ƸǰͼӴ׵һͨ˵ԼڱλҲб޻ɡ
ڶϣһûŷӣԼȥģϾ˶ӣǵطǹԱ̼־ûĳŷٺФٻһģŵ̸ѦʤͳȻһṦ׻ͽˣк˵˸ˡ
˼һûпϯ˼֪һǱݵеİʮ֣Ѧʤ̸һҴ׻Фһ߹սóѦʤ̸ϣ˺Ĭֱӹˣ׻ФûֵĻᡣ㣬ǿ٣Ҳû⣬֪ίһ̯»ڸȻࡣ
˶ˣһվĿڳǿ׻ϡһˣ˵οҵֱ쵼վֳɲҪʲôѽ
׻˵ûûУָ߿һһۣԷڸԼΧгǿڣֲԼλǿ˵ί츱ΣȥͽƼˣְ񶼱ԼҪһΡǿ΢ǫ䣬Ҳһ£˵λͺðˡ
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þԺ˾Ҷ׽ɱλŮȻ˽ҪĿ꣬˭֪ӦǾŻüȵһʱ򣬳ǿ͸ˣҶ£ĹĹٳϣ쵼һϸϸǳе顣
ǿԺ󣬴ҶϾݰǣٻһֱ쵼Фôͷû˼˵ӣŮʿȱʾֻ˵˶û顣ϾЩЩŮʿô˼˵ڡЩھŮˣʱ˵Ķ죬Ļһλˡ
ФһھƣŲŲϵƨɣ˵ש񡣻˵һ죬ʦڸѧΣѧ޾ɵģһ˯һѧʡAѧʵʮһܻʦ𣬾޿ܡBѧʣʮпʦҪ˵Cѧʣʮأȫ̶˶䣬ʦ˵ôˣ֪ףԼ
꣬Цٻ˵˾䣬ФȴΣкһȾƣ·ղǶӺһϵҲûС
̸׻˵վ֣ҲһǾֳϴǲЦģ㲻Ҳǰɣһ̸Ļǰֳϴκ־ơײơФƷһԷĳƺȵò٣˵ĶҲࡣ
ãҲ˵һ׻˵ҶǾƾˣ˵ЩСһĳֳǸݽǱһ˭ҵA˵̰ڣδٵˡB˵ʲôɣӲ˵CϰָָԼɤӣ˼ɤˣ˵Ȼ˸дֵĶϰʾøֽCٵдһֵݸϰ壬ϰҡҡͷȻCд˼ֵݸϰ壬ϰһЦѹھC֪Cֽдʲô
ãȻҡҡͷѦʤ̸˵𰸣ɶԣǴҶ۰Ͱ͵ؿ׻׻ЦЦ˵Cֽдǡ֪ҵɤôƵģϰҡͷԺдµĴǡƵġ
һȷӦЦҲе˼ŷٺٻ׹ˣ˶һۣߵͨ졣
̸ѦʤͳȻֱ˵һǾϾ϶ӣûʲô⡣ֵһˣФ˵죬ˣ˵еˮ׼ģҲǶ쵼һ졣
˵ʲôĶĶ㻹ܳһЦҵҷģһʣҵԭƷ
ģٵģ㻹ǲܣôû
Ф㻰࣬һ˵ѽٻһܼŵģ
һݺݱһФȻɤ˵ؼũ˶ϣھʱ仹ʣӣǶһ֣ȨϽͣԱ³ԺΧ£ߣһķָǰ˵һǰһ²壬һҪϣܶԷжһҪ뷽跨زȥָз˵ȥԺҪѰһᣬȡһӾ͸ȥ
⣬ѾЦˣФһڴġ
һЦòˣȥ˵ǽ˻ᣬתӵĴСϱ˵Ҫϣеôһ㣬ǲ˷
һһʱФͳȻЦ̱ϣλŮʿã̲סˣſЦ


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һٷ˵˵ЦЦУ˽СʱƿҺԺûٽпˡһǰӷȥ̨׼񵥣ɷԱղվֳѾˡһתͷ֮ʣܾ֪Ķģ˫ֵһƬ˵Σã˺ķ棬Ժա
һйĽҲشк룬ںǸϢ湻ͨģԼ֪Ϊί츱ΣȻѾ֪ˡķϷƵģӿڴͳһź֤СİɫĿƬصݸһ
һû״æƳ٣ķ͵ΣģĹԺٹʱ򣬿Դۿۣҵһ⣬һЦɡ
һ˵һŹҲ̹Ȼؽˡ˺ķ壬˰Ժ󣬿ҶѾˣҲ͸Դɢˡͱ׻ʱһл׻һںӣǰõĲֳôںһٷǮοǮҲҪԼ͡һعͷѦʤͳȻѾ˳Фٻ⳵ˣŷٷڵԼ˳
˺СԺ󣬺һһ¥ŷٰѳͣã¥ڶ˲پƣһȻ˷֮Уκ֪ŷڣҲֻգϴϴֱϴ˯ˡ
ڶһ˸ȥϰࡣһ쵱Уһ͸־Ʋμ飬ͷ˵ģͲ֪Ͼ˵Щʲô
һֱţתۼ䣬ʮȥˣǰָͷԽԽˡŵϸɾٿϸɲοʻᣬϸɾֵľֳǰ־ƲμˡһΪ־һҸѣ˭֪һڴӦҲǼ򵥵ķܣһд˹ƻС
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־ͺͳ´Լˣһųͣʱ򣬳´ѾӼſӭ־ƲһţԼ˳첽ӭȥ
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һڳĥ־ȥϸɾֵĿģ˵βˣΪίǣȥϸɾ߶߶עһϸɲǵҲ֮УһܾӦûи˼Ϊǰһ׶Σһ˵ϸɾֵĸسȥǼ칤ʱ򣬷һͨ𣬲ҪѾֳΪˣΪٿ̸ʱ򣬸ϸɲ
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Ϊ⻰ֻԼԩ֪λǸͲӣ쿪Ტû֪ͨ˭֪ͷڼû£ģǡˡ
Ĺٳ˶֪ɺøɻҪ쵼ĿҪΪ·ȥǸκ˼ҹæ硣
Ϊص찦̾ģ￴ȥˣ͸֧һУУɴȥ˽ܣҲġΪ󣬶ʱֻȻʵĸоתһ룬йˡ˭֪棬˽ܵĺ߹ôΪԼصСӣȥأȻ·ͨǾ辶ںҪ죬ʣµѡֻίˡԼ֪ԼĽóȻȥ㱨Ļ˵ܼܲ¾鶼ԼһϸɾֵľֳʲôҪҪίǻ㱨ģ
·һȥ´ɼĥţ´Ҳ֪ˣǱĳĸжˣһ绰־ơŷŵȥί־ƲμӽĻ顣˭֪ǵĶԼ̬Ⱦǳ飬һھӦɱԼȥǿģյĵģЩݵϼһû취Լϳ
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־û˵ȴΪ΢΢һЦϿ˳´ɵĻΪʱĹͷӹǰΪ·
˽᳡ԺĶʮعЩͷ̫ǵҲǺķԺ󣬷·ͱӽʷĽ䡣˵ίǣǶ˦ӣҪ֪ǵбߵģɴڡ
λտϸɾֽõһΣͷ̫˱Թƽ͵Ѻ⡣


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־ƲһѴҵķӦһһ¼䵱Ǹ˴̸ʱø档
־ûзʲôƪֻۣʵڵ˵λͬ־ǶΪķչ׿ԽĹףӦǰʱˡǹǵһЩ㣬ĵ⣬ȥԺһҪжֲЩȱݡ⣬Щͬ־ĹҪõģ׻˵һϣһǿɶǺıӭͨ绰дţֱȥҵİ칫ңΪǺĽıߣҾǷˣҵŴҵͽ顣Ҿͼ򵥵˵䣬ллˡ
־ƾһ̬ϸɾֳԷʱΪݹûʹľкԱһӵ־ơ´ɺЩ׷ԲԵͷ̫˶ʳһҿȥΪɵķׯ
Ϊսţһϰģʮ˹ϵĴֱָ˵ۣмһվдɽҿļơΪæ߹ȥͳϪӲһϣͽ˵ϰ壬ǲ˼ʹҾ͹ᡣ
ֳ˵㣬ҲСǸֳһǮͷϵβģ˼ϰ岻м˵㿴Ҹϣ򳤵͹ģͷûҪҡ˵ţһơ
־üͷһ壬һ״װʵĸϰôɰ
Ҹ㶼֪İϴ졣СӣƾʲôϢٷǮòϰϳ˱֮ɫ
һ󣬼װͿʵôһдѾֻǧǮ
ǧǮϰϵĲм֮ɫͷɨһܣ˵Ӹ㣬Сӣվˣˡ⻹ֻ֣ģߺߡ
ߣθںܴ־Ƶ˵һ䣬Ȼתȥ
Ϊһʱ˵أ´ɼ״һŬ죬ѵȥ׷ʱΪγѣæ׷˳ȥ
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ΪʧǵػصᣬԱѾϸɲк˰䡣Ϊæ˰ѳ´Ѹղ־ƵĻ´ɿµӣû˵ûϢ¶˵Ǹ°㣬ʲôõĵģ
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ܣˣöپͶղǸңʴ´ࡣΪ˵һҲԼɡ
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˽ܵı֣ĬĬվʧس˽ܵİ칫ҡ


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壬壬һ󼱴ٵĵ绰϶˽ܵĳ˼ιλ˽Ͳͷʵ
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سô¡һһʮذ緢ʳ˽ܡ
˵һ˽ܵȭͷݺݵ˰칫ϣݺݵϹˣôȫһһѽһʱھȻһҷ˽ǮҲ°ǳǵǼҳѽû˶ԸǣȻ˼ҵǹײҿǻˡ
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˴ʮң˽Ҳˣˮ˿ˮʵûвȡʲôԲߣ
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صԼİ칫ҴЩǩԺԼϰϣֱϣỴ̈ȻԵõһ̳ԺԾò񫣬һ绰ǰո㶨ǸʵϰŮѧ˽ǿ㻨飬һĹŰƽģȷʵֵѾͷ˵ŮȴһģظƨɣģرǺèвôô
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ں֮䣬ѾΪĺƽ˵·˻
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־룬ֻϺ꣬˹ҶҪǸСϰ壬õŽõļίǹ
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һ𣬿־׼ˣҲ⣬˲ʱ˽ܿûٸ°ӣᣬ򹷸ˣֲŹ֡
ίǰ칫ҳԺ󣬻صԼİ칫ңæ˵绰־ߵĶǶп־Ƶ뷨ûг֮ǰԲǶĴģĽֻǱˮǶ˳Ļ㱨Ժ󣬺ǿģóһҪʵ־Ƶָʾһ̰۸ܷ֮Է
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ŶôŵԷ㵹˵־ȻһһֵĻθڡ
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Ժ֣һֱ˶¥Ӧſָָͣ棬˼Լĸ֣ĸ׺÷档
һһţæɿ֣֣ϵ·֮ǰһģȥһǧأǱģҲǹˡ糿֮ǰڴ򲻴һ˰죬ջûڿǶôǵѡûúһķҪǴ˵ĻǲǻᱻסһԺ۾ʾ֣˼Ѿ׼ˣԽȥˡ֣ŵеε΢΢һЦù˵ţҸĸͦͰģ


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һǸмû˸ղűԹȡ֮һݷĵмҪΪԼ֣ĹϵĻղŵǷ²˭˵ڡ
ˣʱĵ⣬Ժеʱ䣬ٺú롣СҪ˹ʺˣͱ̭ˡ֣վЦ˵߰ɣȥԷǶȼˡ


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һһѣʶԼʧ̬æ֣ȣ̧ͷǰȥȻãȻѾʧȥαػҪأȻѾѡˣҪ¸ҵȥټѣҲҪ¸ҵԡףˣŮ
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ʱѾʮһˣһ˸绰־ƣףؿ˳ȻԼѾˡ־󣬺ǿģһڿأٹȥϰࡣһһԺ󣬾ʹ˵绰ǿ֪ؽĳʽ÷ǳɹļͼϾͿԿʡɳʡȪͷʡ鳤ʡй滮չƻ衢Դȵܲŵˣһʮˣ˴죬װӵ쵼ϤֻҪϱߵĲίֵͷͷǣһ־ƿν˷ͷ˽Ҳմ⣬˶ڻӵ¶˸Ȼ˽ֻһľͷϰͶǰ˺һ
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Ŷ˶ѽ־ƿ˵Ȼ룬װŷԺ󣬷˽ȥ
һ־ûͷûԵһ䣬һ治֪𡣻ã־Ҳûȥһ绰òֳ׻һ¡


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һæµжȹˣĹ칦æͣڴ룬æЩʲôһӻ˵
һȥ˺СϰʱͺŷԼˡӦ֣һԺһʱǴģ°ԺȻᣬĥ˺һᣬֱȵѲڣųţֱĻȥ
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һϴúһԧԡζ

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˽󣬷¿˵ţ϶һҪ֤ǧܳʲôӣҪǹ̳ʲô⣬ʱҶԲ˶ߡ
ͷֵѾ˹ʶ̵ǮҲ涯ԽʩУϸԺҪģ˿͵ϡ
ˣ˵ǰֶɳа˽ȥӪϰڹӣҪշѣ˽͵һ磬졣
ɫһ䣬룬˭ôʵ֣æ͵ϰģֶԺûвԸ֣Ǿͽ˹Ƹ˵շѵ⣬ҪСǲշѵģûκεҪóа߻һЩ棬ӪɱҲܸߡ
Ҫ˽صͷԲģô˲շѣгĦг֮Ҳա·츣ϰյģ˷ǵĸҪ˴ǵġ
ǣǣϰǸ߷ڣ԰ΪֵҺúѧϰǣһñӴ˽ܵͷϡ
˽󣬺ãǧ򴩣ƨмһƣ˵ɣ֮ڣйҹȥʱóͬ־㡣
鷳ˣϰ壬ʱҺͺϵһЦ˵


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˽ȥϵĺ˲һڵŷʱ򿴼ġЦվ˽ܺŷߣָһڽ׮Žܣ벽ȴȫӵסһε顣ԶԶվһߣһĲ鲻ԸӣҲ޿κΡͷһתԶƾɵֶʻ԰Աʧʱ˽ܣĵίһˣȺȺΪͳɱ޵ʽڵϣʮԪһҶֵֶɣΪ˺İշŸɵĲ㽵͡
ôҪʮҿǮࡣŷٲ֪ʲôʱ˹߷߲ƽ˵
һһۣɻʣô֪ģ
ǰҦȥһȦȥϴԺ󣬾ȻҪǽɷѡŷ˵иһǿĶ˼䣬ûǵǮһ̨СҪʮ飬治֪ǮյĶȥˣ
𣿾Ȼɣһһŷ˵ֱ֪棬Ӳʱֶָϵʲôء㿴Ǵ·Ůָأ
ŷ°ĿͶ䵽ĻϣȻһµĸŮֳָָ㣬Ҳͣû˵ʲôû
Ķ֪Ұȥǵģ֪ҿ϶ȥŷ˵ˣʲôÿģԷˡ
һæվϰŷͷȴҪҪ־ƣȨãǴͷҪ˻㱨ϰѰ죬ϾְΧڵ飬˵Ҫ֯˾ȥʱ򣬵ʱһǲʵݣǲ֮ϰϴѵǣԼ飬ȥġ
ͨԺ󣬲Ͼ¶˵Цݣ׼ʳ֮ʣֻŷٵĻЦʲô˼أ
һƲѣԼǱԩ˼ϵ飬ȴΪǴ⣬һᣬƵãɹֲҡһŷ֣˼˭֪ŷȴ˵ҲŲĵأл˵˵
һһ˵ڿϺƳ
ŷһӶûӦһᣬ׻е˼µåǸͷβå˵ţ꣬ȭ٣һһô
ص㣬õòãϰɲǮһһ˵
㣬㡭ŷٿ챻ˣһƣ̧ţ˦Ьһŵ˹ȥȻٶ൱ġ˭֪һ˳һ٣ץסŷٵ㣬һ㣬ֱųȣϮȹס
ŷһһĶԺ׼ƵʱѾˡһħצѾѾĿ꣬ŷѾʧȥ˵ֿȱֱ˫˵Ƶ˵ҲƱȽر𣬴̼˵񾭣һĶֱܱذͷҪ˼ŷٵҲѾˮմʪһָоҪԺһҲûκγɣŷٺᱧҡڴԺֱȹӣ¾Ͱ˰˿ڿ㣬ȻæͳԼѵıסŷٵΣֱӴӺȥˣﻹ˵˾䡰ϺƳŷٴʱѾ˲˵ˣβ߸ߵţͨ죬ͷڱ
ºһΪǳ˵һС⣬̼һΡŷٿ˿׵һȴþòƽС˴ԼĴ̼һԼ˽ͳʪˣӺʱ˳ȥһ˲䣬ֱԼ궼Ϳˡ㲻Լôǵøս󣬶ûôȣ˵ɹĸܡ͸˵ˣʱʮ˶һԼҲûиоⷽҪʱڶˡţŷֻԼշ̣гʪĸоæȥ˲
ӣһָֻƽѧҪĻѿѾ˳һ־ܿûʱȥûԵİ£˳װʱѻӦ졣ʱûѾ֪һݣȻŹύĻᣬһЩ顢ĵöޱظļָȥһ磬ȻȥһʱҲȥ죬ȻҲСƣڼһһմͺ졣һΨһòˬǣ֣绰˵ʱˣ׶λ̨ﱸ̨죬է˼١СѾͷߵǺĵģһҲûٺ˵ʲôֱһʱ͹ԼҪĻҲȥӦ쿴
Ժһһˣϵ֪ƴؽиͣһһϰԺ󣬵һǰ־ư칫ҵĿյ򿪣ֱӴ18ȣȻһٴ234ȡͨһʱĹ۲죬һ־䲻֣ȴȣյ¶ˣԺͻᶯִһ㡣
ϰ壬ˣһӹ־Ƶİʺ
־ӦһȻʵС죬ʲôţ
ܴӦֳȥ֡һæشǶģĽͳƳˡ
ǽæµʱʽ˺ö꣬ȴΧŸ߿ָӰתҲûа취飬ĸ˻һһӾܸı⡣صĽһֱǧ϶ĵλʼڱĺ棬ҲһԸı״ΪѧڱѧǴݸѡļ
ãȻǾȥ֡־Ʊ˵߽İ칫ҡһæ˵绰ֳһF˹ȥ
־ǰ˵ʮίģҲʮӵ·̣һͺһFԼãŵ㵽֡־һֱǸʱˣ쵼ͬе쵼ȸһСʱη꣬ǿɲ˹ӡ
壬塣һ󼱴ٵֻ˳ץһ־Ƶֻһæ˽
ιι𣿡绰ɳƵĺС
ãһλ
飬ãѵ绰ǣˣ
־Ѿ˵绰ĺ˹ϵ˵־ƣʲô£˵
ǣˣȫ˺ˡôſǻ㱨绰漴һ󺰽
־һͷˣæʵԱô
֪ûشҲǸյֳһƬҡҲ־ƵӰ죬Ҳƽ


ʮ ӿ
ã֯Աʩȣذ˶ҪˣҪʬ̾͹־侲˵
־ƵĻԺһʻȥҽŽӴ̱ϵָѸҵļһ˳ȥ־漴˼绰ȥֱǴ˽ܡǶФƷɡ˽ܺŷѾȥ·ϣǶû֪ô£־һ˵Ҳʾ̾͹ȥҲѾ·ˡ־Ƶĵһ绰ǴФƷɵģ侯Эһ£˹ȥԮ־ƴǶĵ绰ԺФƷɵĵ绰Ѿع˵侯ѾԼҲѾڸ·ˡ
Сٶٿ㣡־ƴߴٵһ־֮ɫܸղڵ绰侲ʱ뵣ģӡ
ʮԺ󣬵־Ƶຼ˺Ӻӱߵʱ򣬰Ѿմˡֻڳ侲ָӾˣԮɳľ죬иɲģˣƽգҶæѰ̧ƾɵĶִʱһͷſںֻ¶Ҳķ֮һҵĴ壬·Ŭת
ͷһϺһ𴩹Ⱥ̲ϡִڵ˵־ƵݣСһȻ˷˽ȥ
ü־ƹæӭǣã
á־΢΢֣ʵʲôٶˣ죬־Ƶĵġ
һʮˣѾʮ˳ϰĸˡÿٵػش
־üͷһ壬ŷʣûиĸʲô
Ǵӣһĳ
ھŶ೤ʱˣĿж󣿡־Ƶطʡ
Ӿ˵ˮԶܺãӦû⣬ֹ
ˣ̣Ǿ仰ҪˣҪʬ־ˮˣأ
Сػش֪绰ʼնǹػ
ģ⹷ؼʱ̾Ȼˣ־ƷŭȻ˵Ⱦˣߣ
һǵһμʱ־˵ֻҲѹżô飬ȻһֵӰӣҪս¹ֱȥǹˡ
־ƽӹеָӵʱ˽ܡŷ侯һϵֳ侯һųӣ־Ƽ򵥵˵һĿǰųû˵ָ侯һºӾˡʱͿԿӵܱΰȷʵĶҪǾͳĶνǲ׺Ӣ۱ɫ
жʮ죬ֳԺæά־ưеһߣ˼䣬̴˳غӰԭ־ղõĽԺ͵ӵˮԲȴڶûг֣񼣬ҼغȥѰҡһ־ƵҪһֱںϵɶԷֻʼմڹػ״̬
ʱںһСùݵķصȴϢɴʱɵˣ̰ĸԬ̩˹عһȥֳǸںͻƴҵϵֻ롣Լݳ㵽Сù̬ķչʵϸͲǸаģֻ򹤶ѡһʾ޴룬׵ط֣£ɾͳֵɽˡ֮Իڹûֱ룬ΪŽ֮ģҪǴһغͰȫˡʱٹȥ౻־һ٣˽ܴ벻̫⡣ܲʵ֣ȡǴҲǵǰ־Ϊĵ⡣
־֮ǰʮƶֵţѾ˽ܸǰ̬֣ȥָֻţ˽ʲô뷨ڿɲͬˣô飬϶治סֻг׵صܸϼ쵼һĴ𸴡־Ƶ۹⽹ɨ򽥽Զȥ̾ڴʲô֣ǱߵľԮѾ˽ȥˣظе¼ûбϿȥô򵥡
ʲôˣ̾ӳȵǰļ«έӰڻεٲǹˣŻ
𣬱ǹӴ˵
һṦ˰վһߣ㣬ˮӿϲϵĵһṦվĵѾʪ͸һʮ£һʮͷȥӦþǸĴ˼ӳΧ
վǰᾯʹ˸ɫԷᣬʵʲôˣ˵
ǣǳ˿ͣԺƴ˹׼ϰͱǷˡղſڵ˵
࣬űࡣһˮԺõεϰ𣿡
ʱǱˣֱ֪ǰΡҶᣬ㣬Ҵġʮµ˽Ʊ
Ϲգ͵غȵ
šӦʶڽʱѾˣ̾һ̱ڵϣ죺ˣʲôˣ
ߣ˵̾ӵ˻·һ˼Ϲոȥ
־ƿ̾ӵĻͷˣѺˣֱӰ˴ؾúõʡĺ̲ϣĶԵ÷ǳΣȻȴûܹһ˫۾Ԭ̩ʼչע־ƵУǱ̴Ѻ˹ʱѾô£æߵһȥոĺ롣
ʮԺһɫɣ̹ͣǼҽкСùǰ켱Ҵҵؼ˸һͷ˳ظ˦Ģͷɷнµס̣һ㿪˳ȥɥ֮Ȯûѡȥ𳵣ظѳʮ๫ĳУһĻ𳵡ûͱ𣬸ûʻеֻظıԹ˵Ҳ㻹أʲôǮ̣ҸôԶ·ɴҸطһ£ٻȥ
ҴҸ֮ʱ˺ľԮҲڸһ䡣λδ⣬侯ʱѶʱϴĽ˿ͷӦηҪΪأֵĳװ˰˶ֶĻ϶ֵʱ˾Ҳûע⳵ͣƫ˴ǰ࣬˺ͳȫӿҲûŲˡʻͷʮԶͷ˲෭λ˾ڻʻﲢûδ⡣
־ƿߵˣ˽һߵĹŷȫȨЭ߼飬Զٸ
˽سҵĳ߰ɡ־к
˽̻⣬֪ԷлԼ˵æ˵ͷ־Ƶĳ


ʮ 
һԾ˽ܵĳ˽̸ܵһһӡ󶼲Լ֮ʱ˽ܱйȥѵԼһ䡣һԣһĵûȽͶ۾ȴԼͬضǰһų֪صλ߳٣ʱύЩʲô
˽سи㹵ͨһ¡־Ƶ˸̸˽ܡ
־ǣл뽲˽ܽӹ־Ƶ̣ԹԵصˣڣ֪ʲôԭеġ
־΢Цţͳ̣˽˵˽سղǴ绰˵ͻǴӷ˵µھһȥ־˵꣬˽ܣı֣жûоⳡ粨۲˺һᣬ־ʧˣӦ˵˽ܵıһ糣˵еڴԼģҲκλһǽ˽ܾĿԲҲ־ڴģϾĸأҪسʲô飬ίҲѴ̡˽ܵĵϵںٳϾ˽֪ǣУ־Ȼ˽ǲҲˮ˽һеӣ־ŷҪ¾޹أҪ˾̫װˣȻڹϻûһ㣬Ҳ̫˵㡣
ףôǰǰһųûйսίԺǼǰȥʡ
һ˵ǵȥղǸϰ绰
Ŷе񡣡ǰ˾˵С½ȥ
һųȻ˹ֵĴţ߷棬ֳվһŵȺˣ˺мһľ롣־ƺ˽һһų΢΢һ㶣漴һˣ־ƿ϶̽̽Ŀڷ硣˽֮ĹϵҲòأд˵˽ܵĸɶӡ
칫֮䣬߷Ծˣ˼ί쵼̸ССƼʲô֡һͺڰ칫ε£ȥİ칫ңһṦһֳ򶫵ת˽ŶƨȻǳһģһ׽һʵ˻˽⣬ȥʮͷǴ̾ӳλģ참ǰѺ֣ȴôٲôĻģǹĩĸֳϰߵúܽһȻôԸȴôʶʱһشڨŪһЦãźգգ۾ϲˡ
־ֳ칫־ơ˽ܡɫصضղѾһͨյϹոֻΪ򹤵ģĻϰ졣ϹΪһ˵ڱƷԼǱֻǮ̾ӳѾ˸ȥУһϢͻ绰
ҪҵĶ־ͷ̧ͷ˽ܺ˵
ǰǵѾֱȥļ칫ңȥһЩطҲȥҹˣûˡ˵漴ֲһ䣬᲻ѾõϢǱˣ
⻰־ƺĿͶ䵽˽ܵϡ˽̣Ȼصذ̵̸־˵־ǣǵ棬̬˵ƽʱҵĹϵΪһܵشɲеġֻҪϵһ߹š
־صͷ˽˵˽س˵ʲôҪǲ㣬һίǳģ˽سġ
ллǵΡ˽˵⻰Դ·һ˺üꡣ־Ƶǰǳ׵ˣ޻˵˱λģȻµŹ֮ǻʲôɱԹġ
Χ˻ᣬȷ׶ӦҪѰϣһҪ뷽跨ؾҳ¼Ķԣ˺ܿȡһ£ѲְΥ͵⣬켫пѾ˷ɣҪ׷εġ־Ƶ绰üίֱӽ룬ϴڵ⡣ȥǲ˽⵽ϹշӦһµĻôעڽˡ
˽ܴʱ˵˵ﻰͲóײô˽ܣҪ˵мһè嶼ûУ˵߱ˣ˽Լšһ֮˶á
źܵܵĹ˾нģǧ˵ʲô©ɴʱͣˣüίǣͷ֯ͳơʼȼؿӵͬ־һϵ飬ûʲôȨǮףǲбϡ˽ʱȫһ׵̬ʱȰԼժǵѡ⣬Ҳȷʵűٳʲô⣬ʱ򣬲ܶ϶¿ɾ͸û취ˡ
ã˽س¾帺Һٴ绰ǣͨһ¡־һ˵
־ƻص칫ҵʱѾʮˣһæȥʳŪУ̻ʵس־ƿϷУ˿ֱʱ仹磬ǿһ˵С죬ô


ڰʮ 
һһϰڿԼæӣ˵ϰ壬ģ¿϶Ѳ˸ϵ˵ǲǻУһӻ˵ãӦþֹһУıҲаǻģȵģģҾ˵ˡ
û£㳨˵ˣʲôǡ־ƹ
Ҿ˵ˣ˵òԵģϰһ˵ԣǣĿԲΪⲢҲʮǮѡȻԸðôķգȻûа湰˵ĵ
־˵ͷ֮ϣ˽ܲûǣУҲǻĿǡһ־΢΢ͷԺ˳˼֪Լ˵ӦõõϿɣǾæʰСȥˡ
־ϰԺ󣬵һͰ·ֱίˣг˻㱨˶ǿһҪƺܴʲôӰ졣⣬Ҫֱ˫Ȼټоˣһί׵زˣݵʷûй־ƵȻ˻ķҲѹϴ𣬱ͦģȻ˸˼ȻǻϽ͡
ڶһ磬͵־Ƶİ칫ңѾϢˣҵСָķӣ֤ʵͨݵһмҵġֻͬ򣬾ּۻۣļ۸ɽ
־Ļ㱨ŭѣȭصûϣ˵飬ݺݵز飬ڵҲҪҳ֣صصͷ漴Ŷ
һǵйȥˣֳû¼ӰһǴ¼˵˶һһõ⳥ҲʮԪ⳥ڵʱҲܲˡϽĹɽɿСɣѽ͹ˣһӿС
Ψһ˸еźǣʼѹһӰ˷Ӧ·쿴ظһ˳˺ȥ˳򡣰ظԺǲȥ˳Уȴ˵һȥ׵ģǸνѣҲһ֤ʵĻð참Ա޿κֻ÷ˣæһ󣬵ͷˮһա
ƹ˾ļҲˣŵĳнȨȷʵͨõģȻǼҹ˾һģԱԴҲ޿κΡôҾοǣŵĽ赹ûʲô⣬ȫƵҪߣ͵ϡӪ˽׵⡣󣬶ع˾ļҲͲ֮ԷǩкԼʱ޷ֹѾʼ裬ʱ˾Ҳδþʲô֮١
濴ȥһжѻָƽʵΧѡµһչ˽ܿʼʵ˼죬ʼû¶棬Ҳͽʼ֮俴һĻôɾֱϵһҪһѽˣȻҲƽ¡˵챻Ҳδؾͻṩ˭ҧ˽ܣԼҲЩͷһ˽Ҳˣָ˭ء
˽֪ĿǰʽίһְԼ޷ˣΪռƣγ¼еıָǿȦɵ㣬Ҿ˵Ѿֹһȥ־ǻ㱨ˡ˽ܿеԺ򳤵λãԬ̩׶Ѿι㱨ˣҾ˵ҲȥǶǻˡ˽֪ȥ׼ֳʱǶ˽ԼҲʾԬ̩ȥǶǰݰɽͷ
˽֪Ҫ򳤵λãǶĬ֪ô£ԴǰǶȥǰݷùԺ󣬶Լݹȥ֦ʼšλᣬܻһ򳤵λãٺǶ´ˣҲһõˣֲ֮ԼĲӰ죬Ȼûʵ֡
ԺĳίϣòذѵίһְСһְУǶԸ֧Ԭ̩ײȴϵ־Ƶһ˽ܺǶ۾Ƕæһ̫ˣȴ˵ʱθǣ򳤣𱣳ָƼ䡣Ȼ־¶׼һλ˽ܺǶҲͲ׼Ƥ˷ѹֱӼϣھֱϾڳίƱó
˭֪վֱĽ޷⣬˽ߵպǶǱߵĳͶһһƱʽתֱ£յĽƱƱóټ־Ƶͦһ˳µرΪǣ򳤣Ȼһ辭˴ͶƱҶ֪ǲ߸ʽѡһ˺ʷ򳤡ȻͷϻŸ֣˭ֻ֪˶ĿѣֻҪ⣬ò˶ãǸ־ͻԶʧ


ڶ ˮͼ


ڰʮһ ;
һʼվһ㣬ʹʱײƵĳϣʻǰ·;УеŵĸоôҲ벻ԼȻôΪһ֮쿪ί֮ǰ־ƿһڷ綼û¶ֱ˴֮ͨ󣬲Űȥ䡣
һؼǵã־ƺһڻɳϡ־ĳ˵С찡ȥ涼Ҫע⣬˵һλᣬͬҲһξ޴Ŀ顣Ժ٣ҪעŽһпŽʲô¶̡ȻҲҪһζãǿӲʱҲҪ˵һʱһԵܸо־ϵɱȻԺһ˺ǲԼȥһԵźšĻﻹ͸¶һҪϢԼһͷˣһֻڲƽЩЩţǻ̸ʲôʵֱ츣һؼľȥˡ
һ뿪־Ƶİ칫֮ǰظԷһûû˿αʵظмԷԼ֪֮Ҫ־ҲԼίʣʶûˡ
úøɣֱӴǲֻ־ڴ˵һһϲϰԼ֧ǲ־һֻĺ룬ȫ֪ĲᳬˡһصͷжѣԼҪǸɲԲϰ˴֧֡
С죬֧̣ײƱ˵ߵݹһ֧л
лл壡һӹ̣æ˵漴ΪײƵϻΪФĹϵ˽³ϣһײơФƷΪ塣
ȥʲô뷨ϰֿ֧ǲĸΣίеģײŬŬ졣
һЦЦһĳû糿ϳ֮ǰһӵ˲ĵ绰˵Ҳһȥһʱһж˵ԭ򣬴ǳ־ƵӣϾҲڰһ档ʵиĿģԼֶӲ񿭷˳Ϊ־Ƶ飬Ҳһľټ޹ϵҲͶұɡֶӻ绰˵һ־ƵĹɺϰߣޱظ͸òᶨһȥľġ
壬ﻹûʲôף֪ûʲô飿һײ̣Ϊһ֯ӦûԼһ⡣
ײһ̣֣ص˵ȥԺһҪעԬ̩۴죬ǰұۣԬ̩㼸ӲĴƨɵ򳤵λãưոݣ
һüͷøˣ־˵ģȥ򳤼ԼĻᣬһ޴սԼһҪ˳һ·ܶԵ֧ԼЩˣҲԼһʵֵĿᣬΪһΣ츣һײƼһ˳˼ҲûٴţĿͶ䵽˴⡣ǿҵѰ·յöڻˣγһǳĳޣ·ѣ졣һäѵһҪٵˣһȥޣʵԨıвͻᱻ̭֣һ˼ȴȿֺ֮͡˵ıҲһֳìܣȴ̸ֲĸ߼
֪䣬һ˼ֻصϣίȫԱΪһ֮ȪСһҲȥ֮ǰ֪֮ȪҲҪ뿪ίˣ磬Ǹ뿪뿪ݣȥһ򣬾˵Ҳȥ򳤻ǡ˵ƼĸɲҪеǷǳѣһٻ˵֮ȪʡĳУегһġ֮ȪȥǣһְŵģԼ׼Ůͦĵģδ飬ѾΪ·ˡ
ίۻһ㶼ں÷ƼңҲ⡣ڶǵͷ̧ͷģ˾һ𣬵Ҳڡѵôʼղμӷ֣ûȥܳӣǿ֪ȫΪһݡʼһȽ˹ģ¶ǣʹѵ֣ͬȻҲ֮֮һϴûӷһ֮ȪȻ˴ĿꡣһѾʱæȥͳǿƣ˲Լ쵼ĳ̶ֳ˵ԼĶˡǿԼԼҵֵһ㣬һжġֻһƣһⱭ֮Ȫʱֻ˰뱭֮Ȫе㲻죬ҲüƽˣһжԼ˵ѾΪȥʱˡ
Ѿʱ򣬾ôͣˣϾίľ۲ͣҪһȵߵģôأٳʲô£ǸЦ󷽡һһǾ֮Ȫģ˼֮ǰй죬ǶѾΪ̣ڸһԺҲ޹ˣⱭƣһЩһЦ˼ȥˣǰĹһʹֻδأɽˮ꣬Ժ˻һֻʱǶȻδƣʮ޵ͬɣ޵ùߣЩעΪֵģֱһ£ҲûȥıǮΪֹ
ҿʱͣһûбŵҲ߲ˣ·еƮ״æͻصᡣȳߺһ˸裬Ҳ࣬ʵûйǴһѷƺȵеˣټǶսģԲ˲ϢһԺ󣬾ûָòˣһʱѾŵˣһæ绰ŷ٣ԼȥСġ


ڰʮ ɫ
ӵһĵ绰ŷٺǿġΪһһģϴ˸裬׼ȿӣ˭֪绰ʹˣæʰһĵ¥˳ȥղŻؼҵʱͰѳͣ·ߣʱ򾪶ĸڿ֮١
ŷٵί¥µʱ򣬲ͨһĵ绰ӲĹͼһӰѸٵش򿪳Ժ̾Ϳ˳ŷæբؿɣɲûϨ𣬶ֱӹڵϣŷٵҽҲʼղϣ˿ɲģ˵ƱƬţ˭ܱ֤ûⷢأ
ŷٰѳһֱʱ򣬲ŰٶȽϵ·˵̫ҪһʶˣϳӦòǼ̫ѵ顣
ŷٸոԡɢһ˵㣬ټĴȻ򵥣ȴǳԸСǽİɫT˿ĺɫȹûд˿࣬ſԵʣ۵Ĵֱһۣƺһֻụ̂ŷٰѳ÷ɿ죬ټϱϾڴϣв˷ֺ롣
ڳ˳ǣ¹谵ΧһжòֺԼʵĸо̼һ˷ܣ޿̣ǣǵСͬ־Ҳ׼ˡ
ذŷǽĴȡŷٿʼһһ˳һ͵ؼأǰһ塣һһϵĶδֹͣ
ʲôѽ˼ڿأŷٽ˵
һЦٺ٣̲סˣ˭ôԸУ
ƽĶԸˣ
ûУġһԷҪﵽԼɸ˵Ŀġ
ŷһ˼˵Ҫʲô˵һɫǣͣﻹǺܿĵģĸŮ˲ϣİˣԼƯԸС
һŷٲ֮⣬ǴŵӰ֡ǵ˵ҸƧĵطͣɣǻûڳˣҲһ£Щ̨Ǿĳ𣬾ʲôζ
ŷٱһӶַҲǴȶ˵ҲȷʵȫǸ𾿾ô£Ҳе档
ɣɵٶȽսһСԺǰֿ˼ףͣһô¡µҹģ˵˳һҲڼǰݺ󣬵·֮١
ͣ˵һ˲˾ͽһŷûϨ𣬿Űѿյһӣͷ̽ŷǱߣ˵ŤʱѾϾ˼ҲиôֿĻһŷٵĶ˵ȥŷص˵ͷ³ǰǰúиĿռԲ
һϡڷǳֵ̼ı˷֣˶ֱļ󹦷򣬾ͬʱ
ݲݵһԺŷ˼ʻϣһֱں˯ʵĶ˯ţǼ¶ѣͷȴڻղõĸо˵뾡Ҳע⣬øղŷ˵ԺһҪע⣬ǧڷˣĶΣϵʵ̫ˡҪǳʲôĻǰ;٣ҿ˵ɨأԺǧ򲻿Ϊˡ
˵СʱѾʮһˣһ·㿪һСʱٶȵĻҪǵӦ컹Ҫһء
С찡ǰҪˡײһһ
һһæװһո˯ѵӣĨһ˼˵壬˼˯ˣƺȶˡ
ײƵ˵ͷʾ⡣һᣬתͷһ˵ҲҪһ׼һԺҪ
һҲǿģФΪԼһЩҪ࣬æ˵壬İɣһụġ
ײص˵ͷ壬ĿǰһҲע⵽ԶһЩͣ·ߣӦӭˡӭĵĹٳһףⲻǽųӣҲͻǴеĹϵ
һȥ֮ʣ˽Լİ칫ҵȴյĹ١־⣬֮м󣬼ίβ鴦ϵı֣쳣յı˽ܺͷԣôҲ֧־ˣһҪ⣬νʳѰ
سˡƿ˵
룬СԺʱ򣬾ֱͨˡ˽ܹ˵˵ͬʱſӭȥ


ڰʮ 
֪ˣسæӦȴίѡ֮ǰ˽ҲŷʱֱýȥǴκȥί챨ϣмݶԲϣһᡣʱÿŷſڣæȥ׼ŵʱ򣬷űˡжԺ洫˽ʨһŭһ£̸أæȥͶ̥ѽ
˽ܵĻŷһתȥ˺һᣬŲŻ򿪣ֻظλƴ˽ܶһ̸˳ɫͻƴҶȹϵ壬˵ţղȽŵź淢İ칫Ҵ顣һװģԺ󣬻ƴվ뿪ˣ˽֪ܵղվǳسŷԺ󣬰ѺùѪͷưͳԻпԣ룬ڰ칫ڵصҸ㣬֮ŷңǲ
սʱ˽Ѿӭſڣһ֣¡մһɫȹԺȹڽϥǣѩ׷۵ġ˽һֻɤӷɣæһڿˮ룬ôðײ˶ˣҪܰŮѹ£Ƕõһ鰡뵽ɭɫĿ⣬˽ܲɵô˸ϺҪǶס㿴һӣֱð亹·Ŀܹ˵һ㣬˾ڴ챻·ĸо
ոо˽ǶһĿ⣬䲻ϲҲе㿪ģϾѾʮͷˣȻġȣȣ˽˵سǡ
Ŷġ˽΢죬ƨɳǰŲŲ˵Ҿһ£ǸһСӣʤôһ𣿡
ʵӵ˽ܵĵ绰Ժ󣬾֪ԷԼĿģȻڣԼҲֵװͿ˽ܳ˳ȻҲ޷رˣʵ֧֮һԭǲϣԬ̩򳤵λã⻰ȴ˽ܵĸǰ˵˫ְȹĨˣȻɢ̷˽˵سˡֱԣԺǻʺٲ𣿡
˽벻ԷᷴԼһ䣬ҪµĻʱ治ʺٲˡǾһ̶˻Ӹ־ƵҲǸϲߡǷЩĳ֥ùӵľˣֻҪ첻֣ԼͲκ⡣Ԭ̩ϴδһĹĵŷ⣬ԼֱӰ˳ȥȻеĹؽڣ˽ܻûзŹգû뷨Īѽ
Ȼ˽ܻе˼һֱԼǿͿģʵǼɵǸ˶ѣģڵ˵ȻҲҵ˼سӦ֪ĶǸˮƽҪس棬ٶѧϰأ
˽ЦͲҪ࿪ˣǸл㰡ɣʲôʱʱ䣬Ը
ҲݸһЦһҺ׵ӣ˽ܵĻͷ˵лᣬһ绰س
ǺǣãһΪʱҾ͵ĵ绰ˡ˽ȻЦ档
һسûʲô£ҾȻȥˣǱ߻е顣æ˵
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ڳϵЦˣ룬ֻϺ꣬ҪǰĴưոݡ֮ҪԬ̩һʵԭԭյŮԺȥʵϰյ˼ʹֱȥ̨ɸߡ༭ʲôģСѾͷƫ˵ҪùٳŮǿˡʱ컹Σ֪ĶϢרŵŰݷãհŵȥʲô⣬Ȼ֪Ҳֵ˳ˮˡ
СѾͷȥû죬ͻ˵ǵίԬ̩ʲôˣʱĲ磬Ҳ֪ʲôġһðɣʹ绰졣һشк֤ԺҲᷢˡԭæźͶֵ飬벻Ԭ̩ǼһȻ׼СѾͷˡ쵱绰Ԭ̩յĹϵŵһؽ˵ֻһѡյĽԬ̩Ȼȥ鷳ˣȻҲϹӳԲ˵Ԭ̩ı򳤵λԴżˡ
˽ܺնǶµʱһײơѾĻҡղȥ߽ӭײһеģ˵ίӳԱ⣬ĸҲһ۴죬һʶģ˽ǼǵһμõĽܣһ֪˷ֱҶκǿϼԬ̩һ쳣䵭⣬˵ıֶйоأҶͺϼԵñȽ顣Ҷһ˽⣬õˣںϼıеͷԡһʮͷٸ˵ƯƤܰסһʶŷһȽϣӦ˵˵Ƥһƴŷʤһز
һԺ˸˳һ˴һ˳򳤹һ۴ͼίǷһԬ̩ĳײǲ͸һһ㣬ҲĳϳԺõĽԺһ֪컹ίίԱû֯Ƴ䲿ܽ趼ȥ￪ˡ
ŶʮԺһſɳ£ʻίڵĴԺӡڽŵһ˲䣬һƳϴΪ˸־Լȥ̵С벻̶̰ʱ䣬ԼΪС򳤣겻ѡ
벻СԺһѾˣԵعһ£дʮˣ벻һСС򣬵ίôˣѹ˵صλ׳˸µһϯ̨Ժﻹֱģĳϣ߸ߵضϣǵһΡ
򣬺Ǽ򵥡֣Ȼίί֯ײúһʵЩ֮ǰѾ֪ˣװϴӣúһֱ˱̬ԣһе㲻ײ࣬ίίίβĵĹٳô£Ǹ쵼ˣҪ䣬лҪûлᴴҲҪǱȽԾģ֪ԼҪĿ֧һģΧص㲻̲ؽ˼ҲˣȻǿһܸ֮ġ


ڰʮ 
Ԭ̩۴Ժ󣬻ཻһɫﶼǲˬԬ̩룬̨ǰĲײƣĻ־ƣͳͳˣָϣһĶֵϣ˭˵㣬һء
һ˵һ£ײƺͲŴӦ緹ʱ仹磬һõİ칫ҡԺڴҶͬһϵģȻûйĽţæΪ˵ݲ衣һλϳɵĵΣʮӣͷһ˿ңλϴвͷˣϵĶСĽĿⶼûκε롣ײơĵúͶһһ߾š
˴ŽһСʱҶ˵쵼ȥԷˡһһͶ˺ܲðʮüһ㶼ȣûйأ쵼ǰ¶ҲòôѽһؿҲһĲˣ֮ʻݺݵصҶһۣԷȴȻδȻһԵõ飬·˸Ǯһˡһʱֻ˸棬֮ǰҪǸƼˣҲôˡ
ʱ䣬ҶûкȾƣܿس극ԺײƺͲͻغˡ߸֮ʱ˶һһȻǶһܷӦ˸ӵľ棬ﻹûסײ־һȥ֮ûͬ⣬־Ƶ̬ȼҲûж
극Ժһһӻûطȥǣ˸绰Ф֪ԷأһԼǵæòɿһҲûȥһṦФͰɣɿ˹ϳԺФ˵л򳤸Сһᰡ
һҲЦŻһ䣺˼ҾФĴݣ۲ʶ̩ɽ
Фһ⻰һţæһȻ˵ô֪ģûͨأ˵
⸱һǻǮģŵһЦ˵
ٺ٣Фץץͷ˼˵ģǲڣؼӾңʽ֮ǰ׼Ҫ֪ҵ˵ؼҷѰҵƤɡ
һЦЦûټ⣬νĹٶҪʲôСҲеôɡ
ˣȥҪѧˣǰûʱ䣬Ӧ÷˰ɣʱ䣬㡣Ф˵߹ѳ˸S
һ˵ͷ˵ưܵģῪʲô԰ڵģ
Ҫ򳤵ʦҲó㱾³
˾ôһûһţһṦ͵ɳᡣһͣڣۼˣФĴϾ˯ˡФܵῴȥˡ
һ̵ʱФһϴԺæȥԺһФѳͣſڣԼ˽ȥմԺӣ߽ŵʱ򣬵ξͿ첽ӭһĸǰ΢΢ӣ˵򳤣ҵʧĻܽܳġ
һһ㶣ܽܳĺʲôϵ룬Ȼ˵΢ЦؿڵͷĵΡһǵ־Ƹ߹ǰҪ˵ǲʱöԷӾη㡣
νϲһϣλϸʮˣѾźˡδǨҲסеλãûκαҲ˵Ҳίʵסһʲô˵ֻЦеؿԼֱëһӻûס
򳤣Ѿźˣǲھ͹ȥϲһ֧Ϫ̣ͽ˵
ˣ°Ժٹȥɡһ˵ڴȥ칫Ұɣ
ãã򳤣ϲǰһ˵ͬʱΪһ˻һҲ˳Ƹ˶ԷһᣬԺ󣬷߽ϪǲлԵ̫ˡ
ϲһǰߵʱ򣬾һ칫ң˶æ£æ˾ĹѾıֽû˽ͷӶ˵Ĵεˡ
׼¥֮ʣͻȻ߹һŮһҵĸͷͷһִֵβ裬һīɫȹϣԵסŮ˲ɵǳȾĺɻ̸һ̲ס࿴ۡ
һ˼ά·֮ʣŮ˵ˣ򳤺ãκã
ããһεػش͵ԼʶáԬ̩۴⼸⣬˭ʶԼһ·ĵΣԼҲ֪ʲ졣
Сãϲ˵
ŮһһЦȹȥһھߵʱ򣬱һᣬ˹ˣȻŵ˵ĺɻ㡣Ƕ˵˼ҹΣôҲξĸо
¥ʱϲǰΪһ·֪Ļ⣬С˵ղǵС裬λеϵ
һһ㶣Ȼ֪λָ˭벻ףΪʲôڳίͶԼһƱѵСеϵ̽̽Ŀڷ硣ĻԬ̩϶ʲôطգѹϰյıҲɻ󣬿֢ء׼һλ֮ǰ־ƾѾͳ˹ͨԼյƱټϳһƱٿڲ֮أԼίǵȨ˳ͨյ֣һûֱ̫ۣͨˡ


ڰʮ Ҷ
˵һİ칫ſڣϲͳԿףһţȻ󹧾վһ˵򳤣㿴ʲôҪֱӶ˵
Σǰɣһȷ˵
ǵģ򳤣ҽϲ
ŶϲΣллˡһ˵õˣȥæɣʲô̡
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ããһһ˵ãȻͳ˴лϲ˵Σˣ̡֧
ϲϵЦݸˣæչ̣ͳΪһŻԺ󣬼һҲûʲôԸˣִ˸кת뿪
ϲߺһлԼ칫Ŀһ£ʮƽϰӡľɳ輸һӦȫҿóµģǳϰճ˵Ӱϵ̨Ͳļŷ򣬳һ֮ǣ칫ϾȻһ̨ԡڵʱǸϡ⣬Լϴѧʱ򣬶ⶫܲðͻػ
һϰϣ˵̹־ƲӣһζûԼϰϣζǲͬѰͷӱŵأ΢΢ζӣһ˳˼ǸӣԼһǣһ򳤣֪ǲѹסԬ̩һˣοԼͷϻŸĴ֡ڿԬ̩Ǳг۴죬ίǷ£ɶʵȨ۴죬Լ˵Ϊؼ糿򳤵УϼԼ£˼Ǹȥһκǿ̬ȲһصӣӦǸܸµˡֻҪԬ̩ˣǾҪŬȡı֣ȥӦò
һ˼֮ʣ壬壬ϵĵ绰ͻȻһӣõĵ绰
򳤣ããæʲôأ
һæ˵ǣãûæʲôյ칫ң֪ʲôָʾ
򳤣ȡЦϸ磬ĶʲôָʾŪ˵òҶƷһ¡ڵ绰﷢롣
һ֪ҶʲôģǻӶѣһʲôԼ˵糿ײƺͲڣЩ϶ǲóڡ
ã͹ôæǴҶˣղŻǲǵǲأ벻ˡǺǣһЦ˵
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ̳Լ칫ң˸һ¥ݿڵõİ칫ҡĵĹٳڸڣʲô²ţҲóɤӺϰԵش绰˵ǰûÿ칫һ绰ʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ôˡ
һյ칫ҵſڣþ̴ϰվ첽ӭǣһкš
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һһµˣһ裬Ժ˵򳤣Ȳ裡
СѣԺ򳤶̵˵
һСһۣ΢Цŵ˵ͷһĸɲǲģ쵼ĹôæûôУߣжԲߣϵڵ죬ʵרְ顣
СѳȥԺ˦һһ֧̣һæΪõϻȻٸԼϡɳϣһòˣһ˵ǣҿǳէѽһĨڣΪָԽ򰡣
ǺǣҲд⡣Ц˵ǾһоһĿǰʽе㲻ֹ۰
һɫصãûпڣֻǾصȴԷġ
쵳ίίԱһˣȥ˺Ѿ֪ˡĿǰǱĸˣ쿴ϸ֯ӵʣµ˴ϼͣҺе㽻飬䲿λһֱô£ԣ̬ü򵥵ذѵίίԱ˽ܡ
һ˶ԷһۣЩ⼸꣬λ˴ǰ⣬ûʲôջѽ
ƺҲܵһĲǼ˵ʱڵʱ˵䲻ϵЦĻϸҾӵĶ䡪衣ڣҵںҲСӣϲٵĹ̶ع˾֪ع˾ɣ
һ˵ͷ


ڰʮ Ϸ
ίͶʮǡεУйϵģص˵ٵһҡðһָͷ˵
һһһѾ뵽Ӫ꣬ϵһ۸ӣ벻ΪҵӰȻ˵زһ˸̸ãͳҪһһæƴǣһϵĴʾԼл˸Ե˻ԺһʣǣǱʲô
۾˵ǱߵҪԺһ㣬ҶȽк۴⣬˵̬ȶǺʡκǿû˵ǻָ߿ԺĵһѧҵеѲŰ۸ڶϼǰ˴ϯĹŮ˺ֹܵĽһӣԼڵ飬ºմ֣ͦģ⼸꣬ĿӣϾûҪҲٹġ
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һüͷͬõַЩ޵˿϶УӦöһЩ޹ؽҪСɫϵЩصô´أ
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ˣ⵹ùˡܿ˵ˣ򳤺˧ѽǲǶ˴İҪôȥ飿


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һ׼ϳ͵ϰ徹Ȼᣬһ¥ͻȻԭҲԼȥǵԵɡ


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Լײҵ˾û˵ȥʵͽʵϹͷȴ͸žһ͸ڵĺӾ۲ԼķӦЦЦ˵ʦллˣԺҪ鷳㡣
һ⻰ھѾϿ˾ˣ˵ллʲôȻͲ˵ˣһ
һŵģڷˣܸ򳤿Լ˵Ǹᣬ򳤿ȥᡣͷһصһͷȻص˵л򳤸ᣬһúŬģʲôòԵģһ
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һԺ󣬾ͿʼҶˣǰռĸߵ;Ƶ˳򣬶ǡҪһ㣬úһǰλ˳ʱģȻһĵһǾá


ھʮ б
һԬ̩õľԺ󣬾;۴ˣֱӰԼ˵ˣһھʱҲԱ֮ʩҲѾע⵽˿ʼˣҲƣȾƳԲˣȴЩڴ֮⡣һѾ⣬㲻ȾҾƣҾԲȾ㡣Ԭ̩ʼһһ֪Ѷˣβˡ˭֪Էһ磬ﲻżۿһȦҪˡһǸں澴ģԬ̩һˣҲһԬ̩ͷԲˣҲͰԬ̩Ƶǣܲһˣ򳤲Ǵȥô£͵۸ѽ
Ԭ̩룬ڵģֱˣǳһ˵򳤣㿴˭أ
һһЦؾԬǵ˼أһƤ߸Ԭ̩
ٺ٣κ鶼󵽰ɣԬ̩Ц˵ȻģǺ󵽵Ȼָһ
⻰Ӧ˵Ҳһĵ˰Ŀȫ۽һϣ뿴λӦԡ
ʱĿֺܻ󵽵ģȳüëͲ󳤵ĺ롣һͣٺָָӣ˵Ԭǣ᲻֪бɣλòһкܶණעġ
һĻᣬǸӡղŵĻν룬õ˵£ٳǽģ֪ǱԬִ̩һеĻǾƻ˹ĽȻõ
Ԭ̩Էһֲ벻վֵԼ²̨ʱ߳ŭԱߵķԱ˵ȥĸҪ򳤺úú
һ˶ԷıԺﰵ¶֮ɫղŵǷ棬ȻԼѾʤȯա
һṦ򣬷Աݹֻ߽űԬ̩ԼһǰıӣϷԱĸӷһųһţԱ˵ƣȫԾذһֱԱƣһ򷽱Ԭ̩һ̱ӡ
ԱҺľƿѱһƿ屭һ¿һƿȷԱѾƵԺԬ̩һ˵򳤣ԶΪʾ⣬Ҿ
һŶԷǳƵԺ飬޲ƿֱҹȥԼԺ󣬵Ц˵Ҿ͹ˣлԬǵʢ飬룡
һƣһƺȥӦûʲô̫⣬һղźȵò࣬Ҳմմ촽ѣһ棬극Ժ󣬺ú˯һھ棬״̬á
Ԭ̩һĻ󣬶еһ˵ҾȸΪˡһ΢ЦŵͷԬ̩һﲱӣһҵҺֱθӿȥæ˿ڲѹһѹԺ̧ͷʱһĵһҲѾˣ΢ЦؿԼ
Ԭ̩ʱϵƭĸо벻ԷģòƾܲԼƵ֮ǰȹ٣ټһ꣬滹ûгԹô˵ֻӲˡԬ̩ڶƷߣһֱûз±ӣҲĿڣȫȥһڶԷѵط¾Ʊ֮ʱȥ˵ڶ
üƴļƣæ˵򳤺ԬǶ΢Ϣһ£ҲҪһ
һûе˼Ǻ飬ƱյԬ̩мؿһۣҪ̰ѵȥԼҪˣץʱͼһֻȡû͵һѾվžƱԬ̩˵ԬǣҲҾ㣬ҲȸΪ˵꣬ûԬ̩καʾһͷһҲɤ
Ԭ̩֪ǶԷĲԼֻˣղԼµĵܲУվӲͷƤѵҺȥһƽԺԬ̩̾һ󷭽пƲס֮Уæýһһߵ۴졣۴æ˵̩ǣߣһȥһ¡˵꣬Ԭ̩һϴּȥյϴּſڣԬ̩Ʋסˣ۵һµضǣǽ϶˲١Ա״ܲԸǽߵϰѡ
Ԭ̩Ժûٻصϣ۴ֱ˾ͻ˼ҡԺ۴ã۽ȴһ˵λ쵼ղԬǵļе㼱£ȻȥˣͲʹҴкˡ
úһһۣ΢΢˵ͷһҺ˽ļơճ˼ӲˣֻίίԱվ߸߾ٱһ˵򳤣ҲһҸˣ⡣˵겻һзӦһﲱӣһƾ¶ˣ껹һһ±ס
˶֪һȻǳ˻ٵģҲΪԬ̩˼Ťתͷһһͷ𣬵ȴ㷢ԷԼһģϾҲǰӳԱѹͷŭ𣬶ӣմմ
һߵļίǷ¼״վ򱧲ƽˣָһľƱ˵򳤣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ŷǵ˼Ӧôأһ۱ŷ˵
һڰɣ
һ˷һۣ˵ղƳĻûˣ⡣Ƕ쵼أίǵĲ˼ɣһ쵼ҧúء⻰˼ײˣȻ˵²֪쵼
⡭㡭ǵͨ죬˰죬Ӳû˵һ仰ʮѾǲʲôʱǰˡ
۴Ц˵ǣԼϲһƣ˶һġ
һһһƣ۴治ǸƲ硣Ļ˵£ʵȴ˵һС˻ν֮ë
ˣˡվ˵ҲˣһʹԲһˡ
飬ȻӦһٱ˳ⳡսⳡսӦûʤߣԬ̩۽Բȥ˵һҲ۴һѣûմ̫ıˡֽԺΪĵãһϵսʤԬ̩۴һġ
һԺϴ˸裬ڴϣϸղžϸ˵ı֣Ԭ̩һ˵УҪ۴죬˲ͷԷӦ죬ҳհǰ˺󡢵ˮ©˴ϯƳ䲿˶ڹ֮УҪõǵ֧֣ԼǿõĺٵܿʤĿܣͷ˭硣
һڴϳ˼֮ʣ۴졢ͷҲеһҲ¥¥Ȳ衣ǵľݵ㣬۴˫ģһ糾󱻰ıŮӡʱڰԲ豭ԡ


ھʮһ Ƿ
СӲǸӣԺʱһҪġ۴ڵĲ豭˵
ΪȻͷ˵ǰ䲻˼ȴܣһ˻Ķ֡
ϷҲҪ˵־Լ硣첻͸һѡӿڵ
ǰֻҪСһ㣬Ӧûʲô⡣۴챻һ£ǵ⣬ͳɢһ֧ŻԺ˵ûë϶²ΡҪעһҵġ
ͬЦ
ڶϰ·ϣһַ˶Լ˼ֹ룬ϵѾˣֻҪҲãԼǿƣöһ߹˿£̨׵ʱһ۽ǵ⿴Ԭ̩˸ǰһװûпǰ
򳤣ۣԬ̩к˼ˡ
Ŷ̩ѽ硣һ΢Ц˵׼ȥ칫һĺأ벻ˡ
Ԭ̩ҲЦݣ˵ǾͶл򳤹ˣ룡˵꣬⳷벽һߡһҲûп΢΢ף̧¥ȥ˵һԻܶ˫컹ûеҶѾ֪ˣ򳤺Ԭ֮Ĺϵ֮ǰӣʵô£ֻص˲֪
һղżԬ̩ıԺҲǳһ֮ͨǰĽӴĸоԷӦһıˣѵ̶̵һҹ֮ԷתˣԼھϵıסˡһϰãеԭһи˵Ԭ̩ˣŻ˵ı֡ĿǰӴЩ˵УпܵȻǷ۴Īˡ
򳤣Ĳ裡
һ˼֮ʣͻȻһкһͷʾѲ¡һҲûʲôԸ˳ȥ˳ְһšȻһɲŶǳŵģһ־ƵӰ죬ϲţѾе跢ˡ
˸ԼС칫ңóˡձĿĵط۾ڱֽϣ˼ȴѾɵռ°֮ǰͽӵյĵ绰ȥһˡƽʱϲȥùüҵæ˵飬ȴ˵ٹµʮ㣬Ҷ㡣һ첻ȥֻͬȥ
պɷĸ鲻ãûӣһֱ赱ԼŮڰ칫ҽӵ־Ƶĵ绰Ժ֪边ȻҪȥһ顣־ƴ绰˼֪һһжѾźˡպߣһһϣ־ǷԼһ飬ȱҪʱԼԷҲþܾ벻һ壬־׾ٵػˣԼҪǷһ飬ϾԼûҪڣ˼ҾѾˡ
һֱȵ˵ӣŵյļø⣬ʱһ궼һһΣ͹ĸһˣһѵƷһЩ߲ˡռСţǿЦáһֱϲһΪףѪһԭδκἰϿԼӰӣƯִţеһԼҪΪԸԭҲߵز
裬ԷҸϲԵĹߡϵİһһ˹
󣬹۾ѩ׵ǽڣû˵ˣĶԵ·
裬˭ˣ˵ȥƽ˵װӵӣʵǽİɫСTǵɫСȹƤЬĸϣ͵ǰ͹ʣСϣһķ羰
û˵㻹˭㿴ԼţŹԱ𣿡
Сͷһ죬˵°𣿡
װûϺҲ֪ϷһЩеŮеļֱۡô飬Լˣôţøһɣʵ
ң绰ģҵֻʱûˣ˵ôæС£ҾûǲҪ鷳ˡԼ˸ɡ
С£ˣؾˣĿСС£һίǴ绰ֶӣҪǴǻеˣϳίᰡ
ʧе֮ǰû뵽ԼһʱѪȻôصĺһǲȥˡ˵
֪һ֪еĹŹڣ˵˱СŮţ΢΢һ˿΢Ц˵Ѿźˣôܲȥأ˵ЩĿľϣ֪Ժκ鶼ҪʹҪšЩʱЩ鲻ϴѧʱô򵥣иӵúģ
ƶǶصͷտıҲû˵վ˵ߣ͹һȥߡ
סռңһķ䡣ڴ˺һҲû˯ţôҲ벻ףԼ͸ȥ˧˧С飬Ļ˵ģô
˼֮ʣϵĵ绰Ȼ绰Ժ洫һ͵ȥѵ츱λƳɲŽйղŴ˵绰ȥû˽һ绰֮ǰ˰죬Ͼ˼ǸԼŮӣ̫ˣԵԼȽϴ³Ҳ˵ġ
ƣһͷı֮ʣ𡣡һ漴̧ͷŻƿš
򳤣εˡ΢Ц˵
һػش
ƳɲһĻԺ߱к˵򳤣ãҸ׼ͽӵСĵ绰ˡ
Ŷһÿɷ˵һΪ׶Է˵ȷʵԼ㱨ڳĿ쵼иôԼ״ʱ򣬿ԶһЩʣǰ༸ظС
ģĻľû׼ΪСѧһʣȥҲǾ˵뷨Ƴɲű˵߹۲һɫʵ˼뵽ܽĸ򳤺ϼͽһȥͲˣƳɲȴһ׽
һһ˵Ǽ°ƣΪѵϰԸΪģһҪȥʲôʱ򣿡
硣Ƴɲ˵һԸȥĵĸˣⲻԼһĹϵڶһǰ԰һԼͣһá˵Լõˣշֹ츱Ϊ򳤷ģҲ˵һԼĶͷ˾˵˭ԸҷԴ˵ꡣվһ߾صȴһķԸﻹûףλԼкιɡ
һָűļʣΣ㿴һ⼸ǲдˣ


ھʮ ûԾ
Ƴɲŵͷ빤ũҵصļ֣һ˼һ˼ˡ⼸ϱĺʵʵϴҲ׻˵ˮֽ϶ࡣƳɲװΪѵ˵򳤣ӡ⼸ӦûҪȥײ᣿
һԷе˼ڰ˵ˣŻβЩؼġ
ʵǵʱҲܲðǵһ꼸ǰʵϱģ˭֪ͳƾ˻ҪȥĻϺ˶ԺϱƳɲСĵؽ͵
һЦЦ˵ǰҶס¾ɣֻҪûŪͿˡ
ãҪûʲôµĻҾˡƳɲŵ̬Ȼ
һ΢΢˵ͷȻƳɲųԺһͷϰϣһ֧˳˼䣬Ϊһһˮһ΢˫ۣ̻Ҹͷһ죬⿴ȥԼµˣǲ򵥣ٺ˼
ʵŽһ˲䣬һעȫˡѾͷĴǴ󵨣С黨ȹȹڵϥϷף̧֮䣬һֶԷҸ¾ǹġϴѧʱֻ赸ӵŮôɣһǱݵҪһҲȽϴ󵨡ǰ벻Ͻ칫ڣԼ˵Ƕõļ䣬治֪Ǹø˻Ǳɫǰĳλ˷ӦֻոҪǱ跢ܣԼ治֪ԺŮˡ
òףȵˮȥˣһŻָ糣뼯о˼ղŵǲܣǰʱʱس黨ȹµΡڸղţһһϵܣŮز󣬵βȴ쳣ԲҾԳ֮ƣҲ֪ǲΪŮػûбѵԵʡһYY뵽Ҫ֪ԼղŻͲѵ򳤾뷨ʱˮƿĿˮ²ǵıͷϡ
ڶ磬һյ칫ңƳɲŽʾʲôʱȥ塣һ˵ŵҡһ裬Ҵҷһʡĵһÿ飬δ־ϰߣΪһ΢С˿֮һܲʱ˽ϲĶ̬ءʱˣһͼϰ˰칫ңһĲ豭æϡ
¥Ժ󣬿Ƴɲվɣɵĸǰ߲ԶվŵǸ򳤺ϼһл˶ʮӣӦǽһ߹Ƴɲæ򿪳ţסһ־ƵӰ첢ϲɣΪ˷ֹƳɲʲô뷨ûбֳκβǳŶԷ΢΢ĵͷʾ⡣ͨϲͻƳɲŵı֣һѾ֮ԵľЩжԵĹϵǡԼõġ
ʱ¥һ칫ҵĴڴվŵĺȻǵϲ˻Ƴɲŵı֣Ͳһһųǵˣȴ򳤵İǰæֳͣճǣĶô˵¡ڰ칫˼ԺϲѾ⣬Լ¿㣬ͦ¥õİ칫ȥȻڽǰ칫֮ǰֻһ̬ͷոЦ
һϳԺ󣬳ŻƳɲ˵ɲΣҲϳɣһ֪ĳ࣬鵳ʹõĺֻһһ£ϲõñȽ϶ࡣƳɲһһкǿģæ˳һϳ漴ؽ˳ţҲѾ˸ʻλϣ˾»ɣɡϼͽİɫɣɣظ˺档
ûжԶһ幫·ǰʻ˴ԼʮӣͻȻ·ͣ˳ӣгĦгգݵģȻһǻAͷȻӦġһɻѣһߵĻƳɲţɲΣʲôطôôĳӣ
ǡƳɲ֧˰Ҳû˵Ȼ
򳤣иÿ׼ˣв˶ϹءƳɲŲ㿪ڣͽӹ˻ͷ
ŶСҲһЦʡ
ûûСæϣʵܼܿʹʹԵⱾ֮飬ǸŮأڷʵǺԼ޼˾治˼˵
ƳɲżһĻϲûκβõı飬Ҳŵ˵򳤣ǰʱЩ黹˵б۵ġҶ˵ú׼ЩݺӦϰ⿪ء
ǺǣҲȥʶһλˡһҲ˵һθڡĹˮһֱһѧʣвһЩʦǵЩ⣬ѧչĵز޷ġȻЩ˵ݬ룬ҡײƭɻǮΪĿĵġһȥҪԭ򣬵ȥһֱԼУһԼĺģȷʵڸ⽨ź˵Ļһ
Сѧʱ򣬼ʮվſģɣɿˣЩֹͣ˽̸һΧͣԺ󣬻Ƴɲ³ȻѸߵһΪһ򿪳ţʱһڵסһ³Ժһ۾͵վǰûԣ΢΢˵ͷûɵɵվڵءôҲ벻֧õ򳤣һֱԼǸˡϼǸҲ˳һ
֮䶼ˣƳɲصһһǴ֧ʹίץסһһҡ漴ͷźҡ֧漴ҲΪһһнûԺͶСѧУΣһһһ֡УĴ߽ѧУһСĹģһ꼶ͬһţשߣԽʵã۷Ҫѷɫ١Ĳٳ˸߸߰ٵѧʸ߰Уλʦæάּɡ
һһԺʽͿʼˡ۾ڱǼϵУ֣ԺиȾһöеĸо·ҪûԾʵĻǶҪſˮдһ㡣һԼֱߵĺϼŵỨŮ˿ģԸϷҿһ뵽
УٴĺͨԺֵûԽͰ͵ĺһˣҺиӣҪȻһ浣ǲֱܽǺϼһĿĶһԽĵ̬ȣԽĶǳ򵥣ص㶼ǶûԵľΪʾ˿϶
򵥵ʽԺ󣬴һУ칫ҡһӽҰ칫ſ߹ʱһİ칫ζǻƻƵ֣ǵõԼСѧʱʦǾõΡ


ھʮ ٷ
ĹʦǵĹʺʹƫͣһձ⣬һֱʮԺĹۡ
һУԺ󣬶λУһݾ֮飬Ϊİ칫Һͽʦǵ죬Ψһٵ㣬ŵɫ칫ĶһɳȵԵʣɳѾõȡ֮һխխϯУҲɳе㲻̫Źۣһͺϼ˽еϣ̵μ״æȥڽʦ칫ְӡ
ԺŮʦΪ˲ˮһط֣ŮʦԺ󣬺ϼɨԼߣæΣڹ۱ǣǹģǰŮʦšϼһı֣죬һЦ͸İɫTһܿɫ֣ز䲻Ǻܴ󣬵ȴͦø߸ߵģû˿´ļ
һԺһûʼչؿԼһǾӣǶ˵ϰ壬ǳȥߣеһ¡˵ţվûԸ˳ȥ
ղеĲٳʱѾָԶĽʱʱشǶ
ϰ壬̡һһ̸ûԡ
ûԽӹл̣ΪһϻȻٸԼϣ˵򳤣ǰҿɲҳʲôϰ塣ϴγ͹æµˡǺǣ
һÿɷЦЦԺ󣬶û˵˼̽·ģѾȫˡ
ûԳ͹Ա˴򽻵Ķһ˼æ˵ǰȷʵо̲ܣһǸ̳ϵ֣Ժ򳤺˼˵˵һҪЯҰ
һûЦ⣬̲סȥһڵĳ嶯ѹ˶˵ʹദʡֳһЩ껨ľгϵĶ̬һȥһ˲ͻصУ칫ҡ
һԺУվ˵λ򳤣ѵлСѧУλ緹ߣ֪ܷһӡ
ϼǿһΪûԵԵʣһȻƳ٣ˬص˵ͷУǿģŽ̵һŬ죬Է⣬æȥ׼ˡ
ʮһң̵ֽУĶ˵һ䡣Уվһ˵򳤣Ѿˣ
һ˵ðǾһȥһҵѧʱĸо˵꣬վ׼һĻЦЦվһĺ棬Уˣ˺Сʳá
һٷԵñֻ˼ƿơƣҵܸǣǺϼơ¶Ժ󣬷ϼ˫Ŀ飬ѳŮӵķչֵ쾡¡һôסˣҪûԾƣһ滹ϼעʵһֱһϣλ˾ǰ;һƬ˻˧Ů˵עŹ֡ѺϼıֿͲһžơƣҲ֪ѶԷ˷йԼĲƴʱԼҲδܻش
緹Ժֺ裬һһ˲Ÿ뿪֧Ŀȥһػֱ֣ɣɳ˸Сڵա˺һµʱ䣬˹鶼쳣ĸߣ·ʹľһ㡣
ص칫ԺһϴһԺ࣬ȵò࣬ǰƴԺȷʵӰ첻١ݵһŨ裬һ˵˵ʱŮ黹вٵơ
ϢһԺһעֻصΪԽЩ档벻ķȫǽٵģ˵һҲЩӣΥԼ̤;ĳԡǰΪԼЩӹʲôأĿǰҪľǾۺʵܶµסЩԼ˵ͣҲܶԵ־ƵЯ֮⻰˵ףҪȴûͷĲӬһ㣬ǲ֪֡
һһĪչ֮ʣϵĵ绰ͻȻ绰һõĵ绰˿һԺ˵һԷθ˵ȥԵɫĶһЦЦȻڽܡ
ٽ°ʱٴδ绰һѾڳˣһĳһȥһõ˼ǸԬһһѾˣԺʲôҲöһ
һѰ칫ʰһ£Լȥе飬Ժ󣬾ֱ°ࡣ
һõԼ˵ȥ¥ʱٶȷɿ졣ߵ¥ݿڵʱֻǰһӰصһײһڡֻӴһһʶһ̣ס˶ԷԲûײɣһæǸ
򳤣û¡ۺɫȹŮ˵㣬㡭ѽ˵ţߵͨ졣
һͷһʶԼղʶһ̣ȻץסŮ翿ӽ鷿Ĳλæɿ֣Ǹ˼Ҳǹģ˼
ŮͷڿһЦ˵ûϵ˵꣬Сǰȥ
ûϵʲô˼һڵأһӻ治׶Է˼ŮҲǾ˵ˣż뿪ལһĳ˼æ첽õĳȥ
ϵܣڻ޸ǳüһϳԺ󣬴Ȥ
ǺǣǼЦˣ治ǹġһץץͷײؽ͵滹ûף֪ղԼǲǱÿˣҪĻ֪ԷԼʲôˡ
Ц˵֪ǿЦôϵܻⰡһЦЦûٽͣԽԽڵĸо
֪ղŮ˭𣿡ȴĵ׷ʡһҡҡͷԺЦЦ˾˵ȥϹǡ˾Ժһ̣ɣȵؿ˳ȥ
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һԺ󣬲úԼ̸ŮԭҲҪҵ䣬л÷ŮǸͻƿڡ
ֳһл˾ѾѳͣһҽСϹϺݡķſڡһӳ߶˵ѽ˵ҳɫĶϺСʱڼûٳԣһһ衣
Ժ֪ˣԹǲһζЦ˵СϺһֻһǮء
ô󣬿ǵúúóһһĺ档治֪ͷĶɶʱҲˡ
ǣãӭС꣡˵䣬һ̻¶ʮҵĺӴϺӭ˳һˣܾʲôطԾһӻ˵ͽĲԾ


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Ϲӣ򳤣кСЬΪһ˽ܡ
Ϲһ㶣ǰ˵˸򳤣벻Ȼôᣬ͸ϴѧӲࡣæ߼΢΢ߵһǰ֣˵򳤣ãӭݹ١ҽаɽһﶼҰϹӡԺա
һͰϹһԸоӶԷϴϹӸһĵһоһʵũҺӣͬʱҲЩо˵ľ֮
˵䣬ϹӰúһý˰䡣˵ǰ䣬ʵҲǸʮƽ׵С䣬治ôһŲԲһŲͲббطܣǽǴһǹһ̨ɺ21ĲɫӻӻϽһ̣˲ִ
Ϲӣ˵˶ٴˣͲܰ⻷ָָߵ˵
ϹӲ˼ץץͷɨһۣ˵Ҳǲ֪ǽ𣿡
˵ʲôأɫһŰϹ˵ѻãΪԼ⣬˭ԸࡢĵطԷ
ǣǡϹӼöŭˣٺҽӲ磬ߵͷӦǣΪúһݲ衣
ǣ֮ǰӣ󣬰Ϲӹʡ
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λã³ŪȥˡϹӱ˵߹ţ˳ȥⷿϹһӶֱôס˵⡣ϺݴССʮңûһһõģڲ˳棬ζֱǾ֮˭Ը⻨Ǹװ޵ԩǮȻЩϹһӣҲøǰ˵
ϵܰĻǲôأҸұ֤Ϻζû˵õһ̸֧һ
һΪϻ𣬲ÿɷЦЦҪ˵ĻܳԵʲôζȣһĵǲôš
ǣڿϽıѹСһ˵۽ǵáǸеĻ⣬ʺʽĳϽڵĺ˵޼ģ֮ǰЩˮߵݣģһѡһ˽˵ĳϰѻ׳
ǰϵѽҪϸѽһ̣ɫص˵Ҹյʱ򣬿ЩҲǲˬϱʱ򣬻ûʲôˮ֡˭֪ͳƾ˻Ҫº˶Ժϱе˼ϵˣһܿó
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һõĻǸжϾһֵ֧֣ȷʵ᷽ࡣȻöԼֻ֧û˵Ȼ־Ƶԭ򣬵ҲѿûģҪҲԼ
ǣл֧֡һĵñʾл˵ôһʱûãʱһٲҪĴ֧֡
ϵܣ⻰ɾͼˣԼֵʲôÿġЦ˵
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һṤ򣬰ϹӶһСˣβ˳ˣһϵŸɫĴΧȹͿȥҲִķɡǡ򳤣ģȳʲôֻᣬȥĽϹӷӳϿҵ˵
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ǣǡϹҡ˵ǣȡЦˡ򳤵һιʲô´κøĽ
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ãλãȥˮġԺλ쵼ľơ˵꣬Ϲת뿪ֱȥ
ϵܣζ˸ƣ˳־ץһֻϺһҲһֱȥץ
ϺһİƿͷǣϺȻͷ룬ٳβϵ⣬ڳ֮ǰպϺζһסϺβϵ⣬׼͡æڰ֣˵ϵܣûأ
һһæϺβϵȻںڵϺȻ档һ룬Ҫǳȥ಻ⲻ⻷ҲǷȱ
ÿһǣ߳Ϻ˵ɲҪԩϹӣϺһɫԵԺϺȽϽȻȽˬڡԡ
һŽɣһϺβŽ˵оǲһѧõպһ֭Ժһζ֪䣬塢ֻδ
ϵܣôζɣÿһıԺЦʡ
һͷʾϿɣһƺָʵϸ簡澿Щʲô
һƣһͿ˵н֮ģһЩҩģ㿴ǴҶһĶһҩģʲôֵģһӵ벻ˡ
ղ˵ϺǮһֻһá
һǮһִֻС裬СʮʮȾʵݡôϵʲô뷨һơƻش
һһ˵ҪǰССϺһƷƣӦܸľЧ档㿴𣿡
⵹ǸⰡ÷еϺֱһ˵ƷԺγһĹģӦв档кԣвݵģǳе˿ԡ
һݸһ֧л˸ԵϻһŸղŵĻ˵ҾͰ⵱ȥˣȰȫϺķֲԼģ˽⣬Ȼô
ãû⡣ǿģӼһһ۾֪ǸܸµĴ˵ԼմĹ⣬һý˵ʲôҪģֱӽɲȥǸûʲôʶ»ûʲô⡣
һ˵ͷƳɲĵλͣһᣬͲȡһʵԼ뷨øκǿȥΪѲŰˣһֻҪᣬʱһ벻Ľ


ھʮ κǿ̽
ٷһСʱϹ˷ˮϺû֮ǰϺζ嵭֮мۣҲһζӦûȽʺϲˣһЩŮʿ˶Ժ󣬰Ϲ˾ƣó֮ӦǱȽϤġԵ󣬷ԱһݳζȻҲǲˬڣûа֮Ϻ桢ɫһԺ󣬾ù鴫ҲӼᶨҪϺƷľġ
ڶһϰԺһԸκǿ˸绰һκǿˣΪصľǱ˵أԼԴ绰绰ֲͬĽȻӲκǿ͵һİ칫ңеĸоһ뵽Էһ·Сģ¶һ˿εЦ⡣
һæվ첽ӭȥסκǿԺ˵κ򳤹ĺÿ찡Ҹ׼ȥſӭ㡣
򳤣˵ЦˣĶȥӭҵĵҶеܳˡκǿüһ˿βסļ֮ɫ˵⻰мֿףһ˽ҶѵɣҲú򽻵Բ˵ҲôҲ֮飬˭ԸԼǰ̸һµһļơ
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һ⻰һ㶣룬ȻǸʵˣһҲñͨĲ̣̱Ͼ쵼ģͽӹ˵ϻ𣬲Ҳ㵱ܾҪðһ¶ɫ˵̺ðǸϰߣһ˻澭ջ󡣡
˵ЦˣҶСκǿϵ˵
һһ⻰æϵ֧̺˼ҵ˼˾飬ٳĻе˵ȥղŵԻһе㱻׵ĸоԸҲ֪ôϸ򳤵ģ˻е
κǿһϵĶԺǿġһžеعעһоֹղų̵⣬Ҳһ̽ôڼߣ쵼Ӧеػеģ֮̽ΪһԺһֱìܵСٲ˼ԼҲԲô顣һѾһ֮վ־ԺǨȻˮɣκǿҲǶģھͶ֮ǰҪһ飬ԷҪһİκǿǾƲվӵģϾһߵȥһʲôİСӵָӣҪĻͺһˣĲ˵ίίԱӦûʲôġΪǺݶһԽģ˼Ƚ˵κǿʲôû˵ֻ΢΢ҡҡͷȻתߡ
ΪκǿһԺԾ˳ȥһ豭ᴵڸĲҶѿһԺ󣬰Ѳ豭·ϣȻκǿ˵κ򳤣м׼ȥ֪ͷ಻ࣿ
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һκǿԺ󣬻ص칫ң׼ϣϵĵ绰ͻȻһһӣԭ֣ģСѾͷ˵ʱԹˡһҲܿģԴȷ˹ϵԺ˼֮Խǿңһղ֮Сǰʱ䣬绰ؼҰԼ֣ĸףһڵ绰ʣʲôʱѹؼһӦһ˭֪ڶһ磬ʹ˵绰һ֣ڿ˵ʱһ֪ͨ׼һԼãһ磬һȥ֣֣ԼȥΪһһҴ˲ٵĶһһع㿪;ټϿһɲ˲Ϊġ֣ˣֱӾ͹˵绰һҡҡͷС椵ĴСƢ治֪ʲôʱܸĸġ
һһʱ䣬ģʱ䣬Ǿ绰ŷ٣ԼԺЩһֱȽæû˵ϺͶԷϵԴӺ֣ȷ˹ϵԺ󣬶ŷ٣һԽӾ÷ǳΣһŮˣһֱһذԼѾ¶ģⱲעǲȢΪˣһҪҸĬĬԼĵһλøԶУ±ã׺ɣ
ŷٽӵ绰Ժǿģ֪һȥǶźܴѹģһֱûϵ¸ʲô㡣ڵ绰Լߵί¥µȣȻһȥС
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˻ҳһҲû˼ȥɨֻϸس˸裬Ȼʹ򿪵ӣ߿ߵŷٹߵʮң¥Ϥһ¥ڶֻϵܷ㣬Լʱȴٴ绰֮ǰԼʱԺһĬĬصȴţֱһΪֹ
ںС401ҹעҸģбǾú꣬еζֻеԼˡ
ڶһ磬˶˴Ȼŷټݳһͻڳһ¶ˣ¸ڿʼʼѧԺ糿϶࣬ŷٰԼͻȻٸϻغҪ磬ܱ˷֣е֪


ھʮ Ҷ
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ԺŷٵͷָϻغһԺ󣬿ʱ䲻Ҳߵӣϰ໹磬һͷڴ˯˸ֱߵʮżææظȥϰࡣ
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һν˼ãҲûóȷĴ𰸣Ҳֻգô飬Ͼ쳵ܽģкʵĻᣬЩľټᣬǵ뷨˵Ƥܶһ˵ʱʲôõ뷨
һ׼ȿڲ̵֧ʱ˵ղŵίǱ߷绰ûпԹȥءһһ飬öʲôũϳͦӵģҲѹ֣òϳ仧򳤵ʱ򣬿ǻ˲һæ绰죬׼ȥˡ
ȥԺֹʮӣһŰţæһĲ豭ں档һİԼţΪʲôصĶøŮӣŸʽİô¡赹һģԴӵһҪð⵽ܾԺû硣⼸ĽӴһӡǺܲģһƽŮҴӲյװǻƵģ֮ܶһ顣
һʱõĳѾ׼ˡûһ̨ףѾѳˡԼ˾ӦöͦģܸɣҲȽʵڡ
һĳõĳ˴ţһƳԬ̩۴ĳں棬һҶĳνǿ󰡣׼ϳĿҵ䣬ԼִһγɹչʾˡһĬĬšҲ֮У˭ԼµϽĹʵժˣٺõҲУοԼ֮Ҳ̸ǺѣҲֻ˵湲ͬѡ
ϳͷٽӱߡɵĳӴſʮԺ󣬾ͽһȥȽȽĹΧǽˢý׵ģžȻȽңԶţڵǸϡڴŵıϡũϳĳԵøۣǳ֣֮һⷽȷʵо濴ǿݵǩֻ֣Ҳ˼鷨ҪľǸоɡ⳧һһ󸹷̣һҼҹҵϲֽе죬õģеֱǻʡĳĳֱӾǻĳĳҪǸҵҲˣؼЩһЩؼСҵеֻСѡ
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һΪ˹һСҵ벻ھݵĴˣıӦòѵֻˣ⵹һֵ鰡ҵ˵ݵˣǴʡĹҲʲô¡Ȼһϵһֱʿʼûκιٳϵ١ЩǣһõһũϳʡƣҲϲ쳣


ھʮ ĸζ
緹Ժôһ˸뿪ϰͣøղŽӴǵŮÿһݾƷ
ӷԺһʻȥһʱ仹磬ֱӰ͵ᡣϢϰߣ򲻵ѵʱһǻȥġ
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һĵؽ磬εԼ֣һصԺһ˾һڵ龰ν˼ҹѽ
ڶһ磬һˣϴԺ󣬵㣬Ȼֻصᡣ֣ѾˣֲҴ绰ڸϳʲô⣬ǿɲġǴ׶ྩеģڵһ֣ǰʱոͨշѽϸߣߵĳ֣࣬ں˭շѣˡ
ʱһŷԼ˸磬ھȻ£֮ʣֻðѵӴտһᣬֻͻȻˣһȻĵ绰ͨԺ󣬾Сôġ
磬ɩʲôʱ绰սͨʹСɬԴ˷ܵ
ҪһأҪҲܵҡһ֪һĸʵġκʱ򣬸ĸŮĹĶϸ΢ȥҲǻɫ˰ɡ
ѾðˣɩӵԺǾֱӻɣ磬ǵһԷ˵Ҳȥɩˣһܵҡ
Ŷ֪ˣǾϻһһжνǸĸζѽԼӹԺѾüˣûعңο컹Ҫ֣һȥĸ׵֪
Ѿ˺ĳһҲ׼ٵˣ˵绰ԺֱӸȥվ˶Ÿ֣Լں;վ
һ֮ģ֣ܿػ˶Ź֪ˣݲԶˣŻһСʱһҡͷѣٸϢˡ
˳վԺһʮӣͿĳˣһæкӶ˾ں֣һϰ־ȻԼҪţһس̣ǵòԶ๤ϵۡ


ھʮ 
ʮʱһֻˣóһŷٵĵ绰ιĶأѾվˣ˼ҲýҾڴſءһûڣ֣ѾƵ˵һѡ
ǵȣ͹Ұֺһأһ˵
绰ͷ֣˵һ˵һæһСͷ֮ǰһٶ˵ҪأܷģڳǰǿδĹš벻û棬Լզզһ󣬶һǼһҲ˵һֺһءȫǿʶѰҰο绰ͨԺ󣬸ûֵһڣˡ
ણણ֣ڻûʧ֮ʣһѾ˳֣æ³һȻţϳϳԺһС˵㲻˵һһ𰡣˼һûȶˡһ˸ֱ˸ݣ֣㬵˳
һ֣˵ʱ仹磬ֱȥ㿪ôʱĳԵҪȥҵϢһ¡
·˵֣һԼĳ뵽ں棬æ˵û£ֱӹȥɣҴӸߵģҲͿСʱûϵġ
һǰı֣Ӳס˲ûЦ֣һı飬ݺݵصһۣĵؾСȭͷʾһæЦ⣬˵Ǿֱӳ˳·ֱУȻҹգȥĹ·һֱǰͿˡ
Æ֣˵Ȼ˳ջػ˳Сһ֣𲽱κһζҪᣬϰں棬һġʵ֣ĵȫǶģԴӼ֣Ժ˶ڻ֮СŮһŮȻԼҶСӵŮѣ֮ǰһֱͦĶϱˣںһȣ˿ɲֹһΡؼ֣ĹﻹܸɣС˵ʡ̨ߣ޷һְҵ˵ʵҪǿ˵е㲻ţһ濴ȥŮӣȻΪҵĶϱΪλˣһûа֣ĳǣҪ˵⾹ȻǻĹŮ¸ʳѰˡ
һСʱʱ䣬üͣһϼſڣһÿμϤש߷һƲס緢ǶԹľǶԸĸĸм߽֯һ𣬸֡
ͣ£һ˾ӭһȴ򿪳˳ְţ֣ҲѾӳˡһߵ֣ĸǰ˵裬֣裡
ĸã֣ͷߺ˺һ
ɩӺƯ̲ס˵
֣⻰ϸˣȴǿĲѡװǺܷһ˼ͷϵıø߸ߵģһϮɫĳȹ÷һӦӥ̳ġú÷Ļ˵ŮӵһȥзһҪ壬ʱʱֵĻ˵ҪŮһ㣬ϾǲϲŮô֣ʱһĽţûκεһĸ׵İšϵƤЬҲǺ÷ѡģSTACCATOģ߸ɫΪƬһۿǱȽϵεġ
һΪɩС˽ܣ֣Ҳһһʺһ׼ߣ֣ס򿪺䣬üһȻһ̾ơ֮Ķһɡ񻨺üæһ࣬һ˵ˣôôණصһۣ룬ԽԽȥˣ˼ʽŰݼˣʲôˡ㱻һɣҲ֪ղԼĻ˵ò̫׵Ҳٿڣںš
Ժһ֣ȫŽǵķ䣬Ȼһ˻صһԺ󣬺ȥ˳֣ҲҪȥܾˣ˵ϱŲȥһһɶһۣ˽ŸոշԭȥʵͽĸףʱҲͦܺƵġü״æ֣ȥԼķ䣬СѾͷԴӼλɩԺ󣬷ĵĳݲѡҲѹ֣ͺһֻһسǣСʶȻޣټ֣־˿Ĵ磬ĿУֱŮˡ
緹ʱú֣Ѿ޻̸ĺýˣ˵౾ͲټôСͺһĹϵܺãݼڣȻһļϡ֣õڳ˲һ£ڷЦǰϣŪݳ̵ɻѡ
ϵĲɫȻܷḻó˿ҵı£һȻûи߸ĸ֣ݣ֮䣬ͺﶼԼδϱĳǸ󡣽ԺӼᶨԼжϣСС˼ĶŮһĹ񻨼󣬵ûκεıԹ֪ҪԼδϹɫö࣬ټ֣ǵһţһȻ֮СһֱͲһƽϵŮûŴǮĸס
Ҳڣһ˺ǿģ̸Ц֣ĸʱֻ֣赭д˵ǶڲӡһɵʱԺһ࣬һ˵ŮһĸĸȻڲǲ˵һǼ𲻵͵ľˡѹִŮһͨŮʣԴԭء
緹ԺһȥһᣬҲû顣֣ϳһֱǶȥŮǶԺͺҲȥʰ꣬ǰСؽ֣ɶһٶʮ⣬㷴е㵣ģ˼Ůһ᲻ῴһ˵֪ҲģǼһҪƷƷǴѧҵľ͵򳤣˼ôῴء˵ղû˼ҹ˵һѾĸĸˡ˼ҪǿһŮǼ𣿡һ˵ȷʵô£İõȥʰ꣬ɨزӡͷ˵ͣ΢Цڵӣ˭˵һҪıģʵĸֻҪŮѧɣҸİοˡ
һ˺֣񻨵ļԺ׼ţһһˣæݲ辴̣ѣŪһܲ˼һƳ١æ˺һԺĵ绰ͣŲòȥ֮ǰڿһһҪҪи⣬׼Ϊһ׼Ů⻰һҲ


ھʮ غ
񻨼һᣬһ˿ˣȻȥϹһȦٽʱһ˳塣·ʱ˵绰֪Ѿȥˣʧѣһ´лһԷһٱˣ̲סһ䣬ȶһأ񻨲ɫһѣһŲ˵
ʱ֣óę́˵ҰҴģڼЩͷˡ
һЦ˵֣Ǿ͸һմˡ˵Ҫƿǡ״˵ֲȾƣôõľȷѽȹʱٺȡһЦ˵裬û£ȫѵþһ𣬺һ㿪һ¡һҲæŸͣղ֣ĻԺӵľƳ̲ס䶯ˡ
һ򿪾ƿԺ󣬶ʱݵľ㣬Լ˳˼ʱһ㣬Լ治ð˲ͷę́óǸԵźšһΪһСȻһɺԼֱϡһƵͬʱѾóѩΪĸסɩӺԼıˡǼܲסϱһкģﻹͣ߶һҪȥءһԺȥˣҪȥæûã˵һæù
һƿę́һСıһɺһֵƽˣ˵ƺһˬ治Ϊơ
Ժһһᣬ׼ȥˣ֣׼ߣҲҪȥ˵ȥ˸ɴͱˣסǣһһҲǸ⣬ϲ֣Ӧ񻨼ҵ̫ܡյʲôģӦûʲôˡ׵Ժ󣬹ɩһ˳ֱǶȥ
Ժ󣬺æϴĨ룬죬һṦ򣬺ҲˡһʱŰѺ֣֮Ľԭԭ˵˳֪֣ĸ׾ȻǸʱ򣬱˵ͺ㣬һʲôһҲסˣ˺ðŻعﷴ߶ڱӣڱӡһǿЦã治֪ڱʲôѵԼȢţ
һ֮ʣһӵسĵ绰˵һԷһæʲô¡ˬ˵سΪسˡһϲ˵һ׼ʱȥһκһĻиسؽίﳤҵ˳˳ίΪʵ쵼ˡ
˵绰Ժһ˳˼˵ĵӦ֮Уǣƺһ㡣ϰĿǰ״ǲ⣬Ѹٵؽ˵ԼҲҪӴŬغƿסľơ
һ֮ʣ˶Ծû˵´˼·һɸ̸֧ԳһʶԼʧ̬֮ʱǵѾһ롣һ룬ԼĵлǲҿԼҪǺԬ̩֮ʱ˼һԼ˼ˣöѽ־ƣԼĲֱ֮
裬Сõĸ߿ɼ˰ɣһʵԺûоô
æ˵ģ˵оС֮ǰǸ־Ըʲôģѡģ
һ־ԸĸУıʡѧУһ˵Ժ˵оҲ֪յĽ
һͷʱԼĹȽæԼˣСõĹĲ׶δıֻǲġ
һһԺ󣬾ȥ˯ˡһԼ˯ʮĴϣһӻ˯ţĸлĶࡣͨũͥԼ̫̫࣬ԼһҲҪͨиŬͥÿһԱøá
ڶһ磬ɩ˶ˣһҹĽȥ֮ĸˣþСβһ֣ĺ档˲ע⣬֣ĵظһ˵غҪ˳Էһ͵ؼԼһο֣ʱǺغһģ֮ĸ鲻һȻûܾɡ˲ע⣬һĸڼҳ緹һ±һ߶
ٽʱһ֣һ˳ȥ֣غھꡣһһ㶣ΪˣȻ֪꣬ĵһӣ۸ҲˣͺľһƴһӡУغһӲӵˣ֪ô£ﾹڴ֮顣
һ£֣ʻŴպܿ˾ꡣͣóԺ֣غĵ绰֪¥ĺź˺ܿŵݵ¥Ժ󣬷غڲֻһ֣ԱߵϣĸķԱʧʱΪ˸һ衣غѾŵ绰˵㣬ͬѧѾˡ˵ཱུ꣬һ˵绰غŶ˽͵ѵλе飬Ҫٵܹ
һæ˵û£ͬѧҲþûˣÿġغ󣬸мص˵ͷյͬѾ;һߴߴҪغʣ֣𣬹򲻴֣ѾѺһ֮ǵ£һˡغ겻ѣһ˵ǲǼɫ⣬ȥӢ۾ġ
һûذһۣõЩʣ㻹ǸѧأҶ졣
ʵغװ˵ʱǲǾͶ֣Ůͼͦġ
һغӶˣٿһߵ֣ҲڴĿԼҡͷԵ˵ѽһμ֣Ů;ΪˣҪôὫС㡯ѿڶأ˭֪һ⣬ƨĵȥˡ
֣󣬷ͨ죬С첻˵˵㻹˵ССģֵ˶ҿ
Ҷס㿴ֻʶһŮûǲ˼һæһֱϣίʵ֪ΪǴײ֣ĹעҲ˺Ӣ۾ʵմıˣ̲֪
˾˵˵ЦЦ֪ȥ˰Сʱغȴһֱû¶档غеҲסˣϴּĻᣬִ˸绰֪Ѿ·ˣŷֵҲʮӵʱ䡣
ԱΪһ˵βԺ󣬺źڱƿˣһλʮӣߴԼһң޿۾ؽT㣬ͷƤЬͷӵһؽTȻƷۣϵӦڻɫ


һ ˻
һˣԼղŽʱͿһۣʱ⵭TرۣԼ࿴ۡ
ѽǲ˼ˣ׼ߵʱְѽȥˣ˵Ӧи飬ҹȥһ¡ӳغ˵ͬѧɣǲ˼Ǿõˡ˵ţһգһմ־ͷſķʽ·±Ƶġ
غԼѹˣǿģæΪ֣һ˽ܣҵѽٽܣҲֹ˵꣬ٽ˵ٽܣҵͬѧ֣һ
ٽ۾û̧һ£кɣԱ߲ˡ˵꣬ԹԵλϣһ֣һۣ˶ӶԷһ˿мȻٽܵ˺ǲ
غ֣һԺٽϪӾ˵ǺȵõģϪӾƳճģһٶһƿء˵꣬ǵؿһһۣȻ÷ԱơһغıﶼˣԱվ֣ǰʱ֣ҡҡ־ܾˡ
λŮһһٽ˸Ķ˵Ʋ˲ͷ
˼ҲȾơ֣˵
ûϵѽͺһ˾Ͳˡٽ˵·֣Ȱ׾ƣûƵġ
һ״æԲ磬ǰɣȾƣ˵ϻҪȥ㡣
ȿɾǿѽٽܲģӼģ˵ʵһһ᲻óء
ŶԷһ˵ʲôʲôļƣ֣̲סˣ˵ę́ҺҲȡ
㣬ʲô˼ٽܱ⻰ҭòᣬ֣˵˼òę́ҺѽǿƷóζҪȵĻھ÷Աȥá
ˣǸպȹ֣˵⻰ʵһȷʵպȵę́ʮ֡
㣬㡭ٽܱ֣ˣҪԷǸ绨Ůӣغ״æ˵ٽܣȾƹȵϰɣ
ٽܺܲص˵ͷһܲˬı顣ٿ֣ϲˬ֮ɫй֮޲ŮӣʱܹκζԷԼպѵѣ治ö˵ʲô
֮ǰĲ죬ٳԵÿ˵ζͬϯ䣬ٽڴꡣ˰죬һڸˣҽƸһƳΪôڣΪһøףϰֵľֳһʶǰΪǵļһФ˱Ƚϣ˿ɲֹһΡ
ȥݣݷԵķЩûؼ֪Һ˭һԷ𣿡˵⣬ٽܻ˸ӡ
һƲѣֻϵһ䣬˭ѽ
˵ǣǿǸ˶ȥԺٽܸŵÿˣԣνǻ֡
֣ıֺǲмӺһԹԵضϺһڡ
ٽ֣ܿı֣֪Է˼ƲԼǳɤ˵гĹӣ٣
һѿڶͷ̸ֳǸʡίί֯޿ĵĹӴŶ˲ĵù
Ҳеģٽܲ˵ҲԷأ˵С㣬ҪǱ˼ʱ㲻ҿɱס㡣
ҾͽһӣҲҡ֣ӿ˵ϴݷ£֣־Ƶķ÷֥˵гĶӣʲôģڱʹĻĿ־ƺһġ֣Ͳܹ£Լл
ٽܵ仰ﵹģȷʵҾԷίǹڰ֮Źģٽڰĸ࣬ҲغͬѧŵԷԭ򣬵ʱԽڰ֮ⵥǹĸصλϣҪһǮ˭֪ں棬ǰæ˰죬ڰ첢ûһԷŵغǰҲղٵԭʵھƵˣղŻڴƣҲһղһ;رԭ
ٽܼ֣ĵغԼ̧ܣĬĬ˵˾䣬вŮ˻⣬һҲקһ֣½ǣ⳪֣һһۣһҺܲˬļơһֱĲ۾ݶûʵĵơ
һᣬˣһٽܰƿľƷ̯һڸԺվ׼ߡٽܴеԱ򵥡
ԱߵǰԺȴûͳǮǺͶԷ˼䡣ԱΪѵؿٽܡٽܲͷػӻ֣ȵô죬һٷǮġԱ⻰Ժ󣬲żԸתš
ѹֻԱʶûСǲмһ˵ı顣غߵٽܸǰ˵ٽܣҪȥʽˣҪǸڹ֪ˣ಻á
Ǯأзִ磬Һ㽻ûѽٽܲͷ˵
֣ıͲһһĸ첲սĶ˵ǼһǴӣһٷǮ˵ˡ
һæ˵˵䣬ˡ
һдܣ˼ѽغ˵
ûСûУǶԱ͸ˡһ˵֣һܲסԼͣ˵ʲôءغ˺ܲŮƤһ仰˵òãҶѿ
´ΣٹǰСʱ绰ˣһңٽܴ˵һ˵ллллҲӭȥ档
ҾȥҺسĶѡٽܴˣںҪҪҺкϰְ̫ˡ
һ˶Էⲻ֪ߵغĻЦѣλشǵãҸȥ˶Ե࣬Ҳʲô¡
ٽЦЦһļ˵ֵܣû£ͬѧҵͬѧʲôҪֻܿڡҺĹϵҲһ绰¡ٽֵ͵Ĵţݸ͵ģǸڰΣʵѹͲ֪ٽĸء
ٽܴͷ˳˰Ժֱӳϵ¥ճţͼڴɳ˵ٽæ첽ǰȥкһ΢΢˵ͷ⣬ֱĳ֡һӵԺ󣬾ͿǼ˵УŵݵгĹұúܡ
һǵͬʱҲһ˴ɳվһ˹


һһ δڵ
һ״ҲֻӭȥȻ֮䶼йϸ𣬵Ͼ϶û˺Ƕ˵˶Լ˾ĹӣӦȥк
٣٣ǺãһЦ˵˵֡
飬򳤣áͬ˵
٣ϢɲͨѽѾΪˡĴ
Ŷʧʧ˵ϵܣΪѽģѾһ֮ˣԺҪЯֵѽ
٣˵ЦˣٶЯǡһ¶ɫػؾ
ˣϵôᵽأʵȴǺܲ죬һվŵģȻϰֿе쵼ĺˣ˻̽һ
ϼҾģŮѻһָ֣˵
һᣬֵܺ͵ãôӡ˵
٣ǲ˼һЦƳٵͻӦˣҺǱ߻е飬ȥ͡
һѻصúҲͲίˣֳлԺ󣬸ǶȥһУһֱһ͵ſڣһ֣˹Żյļճ˶һۣζص˵ͷԭϴγԺܵؾ棬Ժ׼־ߵκˡһȻ˵λ׳ĺŮѣû°͸˺Ҳһ϶ʲô˼
һгĴԺٽܲŻعغͬѧʲôͷ
һӦ죬һںغش֣ڷʳǵģμ˵˻̨ˣҲ֪ô¡һһֱںȥί죬ղǽʲôģҾͲ̫ˡ
汿ٽܵһ䣬֪˵غ汿˵Լ
ӿԺһ֣ŸС죬ĲˣЦʣ˭֣Ůˣ˵͹ȥ
֣һһЦȻ޺޵˵ЩһһȥЦǺǵģʵһӵĻˮ
һ΢΢һЦ֪֣һܼ򵥣ԾǶԣǴþǺãǻ
Ҳû취Ҳ֪һгĹӣһسĶӣһСС򳤣Ǹģܵ˭һŵĵؽ͵
٣ͿԲˣҪŬѽ֣һ˵Ұ˵ٵǱʡ
֣ԼۣһܿģϺ˵۳ǲѽ
˱ı߿Ҳ죬û೤ʱ͵һҡһȥ񻨼ңδˣе£һ绰ȥˣʮа˾ǹȥˡúͬѧԼãȥȥˣֻʣޡһǻˣæĨӵ֮ģ֣ܲ˼æһԺ󣬸׼ȴʹ˸ɫȻ֮ǰ̶õ飬ǣæȥ
һ˸ĸı֣֣Ҳ֪ڸʲôáԼӵʱ䣬ӷˣֽţ߬ŸƵġߵ֣ĸǰЦӯӯ˵ŮѵôԶһˣҲûʲôģҺֵһ⣬һҪ¡˵꣬ƽ֣һֻͨī̵Ө͸˿˿״һһֵֻƵ
֣˺ĻԺٿֻŷǳ֪ΰźá˵ʵǷĵĸˣϾζŹŶԼϿɣⶫȥƺе̫ˣԼ޷֮С
һ֣ı֣Ц˵ǰģҲǵһ⣬°ɡ
֣һĻԺ󣬲˫صشӺӹֻǷȻԼŵĿóٷŽ
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һϲ÷ׯʱ˶ѾˣԺ󣬾׼ˡ


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Ľܣһͬ߰˸ˣˣǵίίԱ˻ͦҰĵģҪѾˣŽһ߸أ⣬εǾ֪ˣֻθأһ롣
ڶˬ֮УⷹҲûʲôζƺԺһͲٱˡ̬ȼȻûб֮ǾսͲݲݽԺ󣬸ԴɢһȥϴϢһ£һԾܾˡͷ˭ϴϢһµ˼һ£һӼᶨԶ֮ġ
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ǺǣԹˡ֮ǰô˽⣬ӴԺ󣬷ûʲôͬԣԺͻˡһ͵⣬Ҳİ绨һ˷ڱѽ
ƶɣˣȥϴˡ֣ЦԺ˵
ҪҪϴԧԡһʵ
å֣һۣתԡңžһʵˣ·浣һȥһ㡣һЦڴϣֽչ˴֣˵
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˴Լʮӣ֣Ŵ̺͸ղŻһˡ磬ɫ˿ȹڵƹ£ֱ˵ۣһźľȹӾȻǲ͸ģķ羰
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һĻ֣ŷӦԭԼģȥһȭߣֱһĲա
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һʱҲԣȣ˫Ҳڱ߮ˣĵҸ»ȥ֪⻹ģ֣ĶȻδĳǴܹ裬ģ֣Ŀз˻ǵݵĻԺĴ½֯һ𣬲ңŮ
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ˣһԼ˵֣֣ڴ
ץǿץǿһ׼ռһɽʱͻȻһҵĺҲŮһ֣һæҵվԼװæ䣬һԶ·£ӰԼ߱ǳ֣˵⣬ȥ˵꣬漴ת˳ȥ
ֹ֣֮ˣǴ˵˾䣬Լĵ㡣


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򳤣ҪĲϡκǿ˵ߵһŴӡùA4ֽ
һһۣκǿ˵κ򳤣򵥵˵һ°ɣǸʲô
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һЦ˵ѽͲᣬʲôȥԡ˰ɡ˵ţ̻Ҹ׵ݵĸǰһ˵κǿ᲻̸ҪͨСΪ̽κǿ̬ȡȻѾ˴ˣαػҪǿأ˵ͣĿԣһҲܡ


һ ΰƻ
κǿһһ˵Ű̻Ҹ˼سһЦЦʵҲԼ̵֧ϣǳ鲻⣬һ̬⣬վӵ⡣
κǿıظԺһʵȥʱûзʲô⣿
׼㱨ءκǿ˵ǵĵԼСϰǵĽҪȽͻ⣬һ⣬ЩСձ˵ǣһЩ˵ʵ˴Ŀģڶǹģ⣬ͷϴϹϺݵĹģҲһ㣬νİ䣬ҲϰģЩ᲻ˡ
ǰڰϹǳԷʱҲ⣬һ¾벻ôһ
κǿһһۣ˵򳤣ҵе뷨֪
κ򳤣˵Եˡ곤꣬ǽһϸҲΪ͵ֵģĶʲôġһװ˵
򳤣öԣôʲκǿæ֡ʵһĻԺ˵Ŀġһвκǿ⣬ԶԶԤڡ
磬˻ܣϳԹԺͰԼؽ鷿ϸоǷݲϡݶģҲӣκǿоҪô⣬Ȼ֪һҪʲôһЩ׼ûд벻֮ء
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һһ㶣벻Ķŵκǿ⵹쳣񡣡˼طӪƾʲôȡ˼ҾӪأһһʵ
κǿһӲ֪Ӧԣ˼άɲһҵĻĶʲô͹ƶȡ
һκǿĽ飬ǾøҷķʧΪһþٴ룬ؼβԼʵʩ궨ҪﵽĿꡣ
κ򳤣ġһӣۿκǿ˵ǵ˼·ǲǿٿһ㣬ղ˵ǽʲô·ģϺƵʳһ֡ʡмýϺһƷƣ֪ȣһоͺðѽ˵꣬һһɣĿɿڴκǿ
ղһһȷʵκǿסˣôҲû뵽һȻССϺϣôһƪ¡һĬԺκǿѹһѵ򳤣ղ˵ǰȷʵˣǰڵͶɲǸСѽ
һһϲκǿȷʵû˵Ӷݵʧ߳Ժ̷֢ڡһ˵ģǿһԺȥȡһ㣬ʵڲеĻдڵĹؼвеͨ˵ʵǮ⵹һΪĵģڶܲﻹûסԺĵһڣֱӾʹˣ϶¶ýҲκǿȥееҪԭ
ҾҪǸĻǰӦûǲġκǿһ˼Ժ˵ȣЩСϺݵζȷʵû˵ֿζϺټͳ棬ȷʵˡΣĿǰСϺѾе֪ˣݺͳԣ˼Ӧ쳵ƵųͣڰϹϺſڡȻ˼£˳ʣҲ˵ǵϺһгġΪҪһ㣬ǵСϺǲģζǵģطɶ߱
һ֮ǰѾҹصϣ֪˺ͨģȻ󣬵ûʲôȾϺرĶࡣ˵СϺ֮ԺóԣΪǵĳȽϸ߹󣬶ﳤġ
һκǿķص˵ͷЩʵ뵽ˣӱ˵˵ӡ֤ԼжϣͬС˼ȥһ㣿һ̽κǿ
ǵģ򳤣Ҿÿȥһԡκǿһ˵ʽ⡣
Ǹʱȱȥܡһһ˵ȻͬΣһ£Ҹղŵ˼·óһ֮Чķ㿴ô
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κǿԺһбҪϲͻƳɲ̸һ̸˵κǿΪǵҲҪϾҪ˵ĻһݷͬСɵʱҶܴзһ룬ǾȥһˣһԸ˼ӣԼҲҪ˽ӵĹ״
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һˣæ߹ʵ򳤣Ҫȥȥ绰ʦ
ССѽˣҾȥһȦһѾ˵ÿκ˵ȽϳСôжˬòԼҲ٣Сܽʲôأѵ裬ǲðĹ򣬵ί߻˴ʲôأ
ŶæҾȹȥˡ˵꣬תԼİ칫ҡƳһ¥Ժ绰͸ܿ˹ȥȵ㣬ҪҴܣȥ鹤ˣһûµһ¥¥Ѿ֪ˡҪô˵ѷأһû
һһ¥ûʲôŵģ¥Ȼһ¥Ҫãֱֹǵϴκ־ƹʱòһ¥ŵĹ״̬¥ίߵͲ̫ˣô˸ѵʿյĿ࿴
һʱ򣬿ˣĹһĸĶʮٸվڸӡŪϡãκͻ𣿡һǰһʵʵ˵İ칫ҾǸС䣬˱ɫƯŮӾǰڨ
򳤣ãܿ˵θոճȥˣڣʹȥܿǽӵĵ绰Ժ󣬾͹վڸӡĥ䣬¸̵ӡ󡣿ԸĿĴﵽˣЧһĺãΪһ͵ΣĵؼΧȻЩ⣬Ȼ֪ġ
ߵϲ칫ҵſڣ洫˷ŭغǰܼӸؼҪҹ䣬ؼҰƤ
ܿ⻰ǽҲǣҲǣһȻŮΪѣػ˻֣ʾˡܿͶ˸мһƳȻŵŤ֫Լİ칫ȥ
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Ҵһ¥ģһȦһȻһ΢Ц˵ղڽ绰ֱ񲻵ѽһѻݵϲߡ
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ȻһĹעϲȻûκ֮⣬Ͳӣĵ¶һԶ˵˳
ôҵأһʡ
ôûңҸ˲ļҳˡϲε˵ǸɸʮµģͲȥˣ˵ʵˣ˵̫ˡͷṤָߣĳбҵҵĶȥȥ
һϲ겻ı֣֪һĲҪܰ°ƽˣ˾ǳ׵շˡûʲôԣһ̽ʡ
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ϲһüЦæΪһϻ﹧˵ְܳҿ֮ˣһƾİšϲڹٳĽɫ֪һŵĻôȥһЩ߰ĵطأٱԼ֮ǰŵҪǿ
ɣȥʣٺϵ˵ǰ棬ҪǰˣɱԹѽһ뿪Ц˵
ôأ򳤣лϲæ˵ʱӵͷöһԸ֣ʲôõĵأһ򳤣ҪƽһҵĹǻƵġ
򳤣ʲôԸԼ°ˣϲһѯʡ
ޣģ׼СϺ϶ԽһȺκǿ򵥵ϲתһһڲ˵ҵ˼ǵκ򳤣Ȱ
û⣬򳤣㾡ܷģϾȥκϵʲôҪȥġϲæ˵
ϲ⻰ѾѻƳɲŵǷֱӳеȻʸ񣬱ϾԴ죬Ҳһǰһ̬
ããǾ鷳ˣ
򳤣˵ʲôϲͽ˵һ׼ţϲæ˵
Ȼһһȴһֱ͵¥һֻúЦκ˶ߣֻҪ׼ʲô¶˵֮ǰϲԼȻȻ飬ȴоǧ֮ĸоıֺ֮ǰ˵ˡ


һ Сõĵ绰
һ˰칫Ժ󣬼ûʲôˣϣ˵ıֻֽҪûʲô£ĵһؿģϢԼû̫ĹϵǼʱϲĶ̬򣬶Լ˵ġ
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һ׼λֻ绰ﴫŮιǶСѽ
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ҲҪʲôֻҪȥѧ֮ǰٴɩӻһˣкöأС˵
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û£æұõĵ绰ҪӵѽһЦ˵
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һ磬һյ칫۴ͶŸ豭˽һô۴һšƾԲ㱨ģкأ
һ⣬ȻҲûֻ֮ǵ˵һ䣬򳤣Եȣ⻹е飬һꡣ˵ţװģһݲ֪ʲôʱļ
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һȻһﻹǷɣԷĿľأΪ⼸䲻۲ĵɡȻǣһģǣһҲͳһ֧ԹԵصϣȻ̱߳ߺȲ裬۴ĶϷ
Ҳ˵ˣǷһûмʱӦ۴Ҳͣ˻ͷ̣ض豭ߺȲ߹۲һı֣Ȼʧˣһ˵ģȤȴںµسƷ衣


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Լǵ͹Сӣ۴ﰵ룬ΪԼⷬڵһӦе֣ҲӦǫɣ벻Է翴ˣһؿԼ۴پǰδе衣
Ǻٺõˣ˵ĴȻûٰȻ֮У۴Ҳ⡣ɳǰŲŲЦݣһ˵򳤣ҽҪһʣʳҪǽĻڿһʲôҪ󣿡
һȻ΢ЦЦһغϣԼӮ۴죬ѾؿԷϵĲͷ֮ɫ۴ƿ˵ƣһӲżˣ˵²Ÿոմһﻮ׶Σû뵽ʵʩ׶ΣЩϸȻ޴̸𡣡һ⻰ԵǧѶԷ׾ٵػˡ
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򳤣뽲һ˿ڲ˵ǰڵĳﱸԺλίԱǵġģҿ֮ѽһĻֺݺ۴һѣ˼ԣ۴첻سƣҪʱȻ֪ͨ㣬Ｑʲôѽ
۴Ȼһе˼ҲðѸղ˵ĻջȥֻӲͷƤ˵ģϵḶ́ǲǿȿϵҵ˵ع˾һҺʵĹ˾Ŀǰڳнţϴϵ͡
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򳤵飬֪ˣеһʱһԿǵġһܵ
Ǿ͸л򳤹ˣҲһ֧̵ġ۴ڡǡ
۴ߺһϰϣĻζá仰͸¶ϢҪͬع˾нʳֵḶ́Ǿ֧֣֮ǾͷԡҲ˵۴Ϊһ˵ݣУһȺ˵ɲһأϾʳ֣ϺƷƣô飬ȻҪڵίۣҪǵʱԬ̩۴졢¡һ·ԣǸճأ
һ˼ãҲûȻҲֻаʱһߣҲһʱܽ顣
۴صԼİ칫ԺѣСӸǰν価ӣǾ仰ӦûһɱģҪСҲɫͻ䣬üͷ
뵽⣬۴΢һ㣬绰Ԭ̩Ѹղŵ򵥵˵һ¡һϣǸ˶ѣе뷨ĸһĽ
죬ҿɣϰºϣٺúõغϼƺϼƣʲô©Ԭ̩ĻԵĵ֮⡣
۴ͼԬ̩һǰǺ»ļƣû˵֪ͨǰɣҪʱ͹ȥ
ôܲȥأԬ̩æ˵Ҫȥǻƨѽʲôȷһţĸʱȥ졣
Ҿɣ˵꣬۴ͷ˵绰
ģ֪װơ绰ͷԬ̩ݺݵһ䣬Ҳܿ۴ֶӵɡԴһﵱϳԺ󣬾ԽԽԼˣһʱ򣬿͹һԼҡͷβġԬ̩治۴죬ΪһͷԣһյúܣΪ˳򳤣ԼŶȥˡûе֪ԼһξƺȶԺ˵©˲֪ġ
˵һΪܱ˽ܵĴȣӲذŸ˳ȥ˵ŻǲϸƤģؼûǰǰŪɧʲôʱǲҲԣٺ١뵽⣬Ԭ̩Цµ˷ӦԴŲڼңǱﻵˣϴŻһҹӲΣŵڶ뿪ȥݡ
ʵȫԬ̩Լˣ̸⵵µʱҲ˲پơ˼Ϊ˵ϳ򳤣ʱ۴쳣ȥ˽߶վǲɿڣ۴ơϽžƾ˼ҵŸˣҲǺ¥ϰ˫Ԭ̩۴Ϊ˸һԼŶ˽ˡͬе˼ֱ֮𣬶Ԭ̩ôһֱܣҲΪ߬ŵ۴Сӡ
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ʱһŷٵĵ绰ԼýһȥСġһᣬһȴ绰־ƣڽʳһֺʹϺƷƵ飬ϰĽ顣
ιϰ壬ãһѽһڵ绰﹧˵ûдϢɣе㱨
ŶûУҸմиӦꡣ־˵Ҹ׼绰㣬㵹ȴ绰ˣ˵˵ʲô£
˵ɣҵ²һ˵־Ҳ׼绰ԼȻˡ
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һæ˵ǵãǵã뽲ʡίί֯Ĺӣһô᲻ǵء


һ ϰķԸ
Ҫұ׼ģиᣬǵҲμӣһ¡־ͣһ½˵ݹģ˳档
һǿģæ˵û£ʱ䡣֪޴ټҺȥӭ
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ãҵ˵ˣ˵־˵СǲǶķչе뷨ˣ
һһ㶣־ȣԼͻһηǳľ룬ûڣ˼Ѿ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣǻȻӣ˱˵ϰ壬һʲôû˵Ѿ˸˾Ųʮˡһ֮Ա
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ϰ壬ġһԼ뷨κǿϸ־˻㱨
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Ǿллϰˡһĵ˵־ƵĻԺĺܸжϰԼ֧ǲԼһҪⲻԺĵһڣͬʱҲ;Ժĵһʵ¡
Ҷϵ绰Ժһֻѹ˶˵ǵǲϵشӱ˵ĹмȡԼĹĻһˣǿһ֮ǣ˾ĺϴ
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Ժ󣬹۵Ķ磬ܽůԧ콻еζԲȥ˵һŷѳ˯ȥһڴ̡߳ߵŮˣһþ޷ƽ˵ŷٱԼ٣ÿ˵ദʱԼʧȥԿֻŲϵطռʱĽԼļ˴ŷٺʱҲͬնøˣֻҪԼͻᳱʪһƬʱŢ
ڶһ絽칫Ժһ¶ʱһߣȥõİ칫ҡڽҪ־дţԵȥ˵һԺһֻ˵ȥ顣ϵ˵ȥɣҶţһ绰ϡ
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һصԼİ칫Ժе㲻ɣ۾ʱʱؾϵֻ⣬ϰԴ绰յģɲһӡһԺһȥһ£һԷҪʱŴ绰Լ˻ôأǵԼȥйһԺֱɣֱȥ
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һھ˸׼䣬˵ܾķĹȴûóΪ־ȷ˵˽дţһȻϰ֮ǲϣ̫
÷Ժһֱȥ608Ͼϴڴ棬˿û͡һõ򳤣ϰʱȴھƵתƣȲ鹤Ҳдˣôأ
һڷεصŵӣֻͻȻһǸİĺ룬æ˽һϣȻǴŴģ˵Ѿ쵽ˣһĶһ˵ԼھʵĶȥ˵ýӣʶֱӹһæߴ608䣬Է˵˸OKԺ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰
һڷ￴˻绰ŶԷҪˣµšΪֹ˿űֽչסԼ۾ע۲ĽĳӦյĳǺܶ࣬һֻҪŽһڵһʱ䷢֡ϴһӡ̫ˣȻЩӸ磬㱣Ὺʲô


һһʮ ˮ
ֵʮӣϤıڳһæվ첽ӭ˳ȥûһǰѾ򿪳˳ǳɫؽTͷɫƤЬȥһҹӵװ硣٣ãӭݹٺһӭȥ˵ϰȥݿˣӭ㣬㲻ʲôɣ
ʲô١ٵģ˵ġסһ˵ҳձ㳤꣬ͽ޸ɣ
һһ㶣벻ԷôӣȻԼֵܣͷ治Щɻ⻹λ˲ϴĹӸ
ȥˣǽ鷳ֵˡűĴȥ߶ߵһ˵
٣ʲôҪֻܷԸһһ˵
ҶֵˣôٲٵģŲ˵Ҫϰ忪ѽٺ٣˵꣬Լ̲סЦ
һæ˵޸磬˵ˣֻܷԸֵһܣá˵˵ݵм
˵Ժ󣬼ˣ˵컹Ҫ鷳ֵأʱȥǱǱ߿˵Ǳпز뵽ʵȥһ¡
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ѴŴ608Ժһ죬һʱˣһ˲극Ժ¥лϴ˸裬ϢһᣬһûΪŰʲôֻҪŵģһһװĦӣӦöŻǺģŵʦɶǸнģջû˵
װĦԺһԺ˯ˣһԺ󣬼ŻûѣǾϢֹ˽СʱңŲ˯ѡһʱѾˣæ£һԺһ˴ŵĳ
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ϰ˵ҽкеҵءŽӹһݹ̣Ժ󣬼˵⹺ģкüңҲո֣Ǻǣ
һ󣬲ٿˣղʱı⣬׼ڴһ־ǲ֪ص顣ԭһϣأȷʵе£֪־ƴʱѴڣѵʲôҪӴ޿ĵ⡣һԼ󵨵Ĳ룬˺棬Ҫ֪оʲôܡԺֻһĶֵأݡһЩ̬Ҫ˽⣬һϹһﰵԼ˵
ȷʵôˡŸпɶǮţϧѽ
һӿڵĵ治سǲԶַǳƧ
Ǻǣֵܵ۹ⲻѽʲôʱڹٳˣ͵ȥȻСڵʮŰ뿪Ц˵
һֱȭ˵лл޸̧ˣСܸм
Ǻǣڵ˵ḯЦ˵ˣҰڳˣȥһ£Ϻһȥ
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飬ŶԣԣӦýˡĻУϷ֮ԣ㼸䡣
Ŷæȹȥˡһ˵ܲе˼Ȼ˴˶˳ۣǻʲôҪټװء
ǽʲôģһ¡һ׼ת뿪˵վŮߵӿ˵ˡ
ҽһʲôʲôһòƹػһ䡣
ô˵أԹӡ˵һСС򳤣гسˣҪġԱߵӴ˵
𣿡һ쬵һ䡣
㣬㡭ӱʵ˵
򳤣һ¡վ˵λӦлǿԹӣܲϤĸһ֪˵⣬һӣһȴʡ˭֪ԷǣֻüԹԵ˵ʡܸ֪ɣ
һһ࣬벻ǰλŵòһļһǻʡʡԿܵĹӣ˵ԷĩĸʡҲԼСܵġʧˣ벻ԹӴݹ٣ָ̣һһ


һһʮһ 
Ҿʣ⸽û̵֮ģҵ񫷸ˣһ֧ǲˬлǿ˵߶һ׳¿ڴл̣˼ײҪһ̵𡣸ղһ̬˺ܲˬ׼ΪͷϾ죬İŻû˵ģߵŮˣڴϵıֻǲѾӦ˼
˼ĽҰĶ̵ꣿһһӡ
㣬治ףװлǿϵ˵клǿĸ࣬ƽʱںԻȣƵģһСС򳤣ȻҲѸʡĹӷȻæųͷ
һ治ףͽ̣һһЦ˵
ڴﲻװʲôʮָһ¿ڴ˵
һбһۣм˵ҵ̣ʲôϵ
㣬㡭ҭ˵
˼Ҷûʸһ̡֧лǿӹ˻ͷ˵
һ⻰һʱ治֪λشȻ֪ԷǹҲģԼΪһһ棬治Ǻֵá
˭Ҫ̣Уһ֪ʱ򣬴ǡ˹ȥ̵ʱ򣬽ӵһ绰̸ģһȥ͵һᡣԶͿΧסһæ첽
ϼѽ˭Ҫ̣û˭ʹµղһոձһӵϴΪԼˣ⣬ʱȴðʧˣŹء
˵˵ʲôҲ˭ˣлǿźȵ޸磬ãˣ
ϴ㣬㡭Ī̧ͷſǰվŵģȻʡίί֯޿ĵĹӴţлǿԼԭʡЩӸ棬ֵģ⹫˾úã𣬶Ǻͻʡ̫ӡԪĶӳ¼ĹϵãĹӡǲò˼֡
٣ãС۲ʶ̩ɽ⡣˵ҪԼ͡
ҡҡ֣лǿ˵ϵܣôҲԺСطȤѽ´ҪǳʱٴЩ߰ˣⱻ˵ûƷλʲôǣƽϣ浣ʧԼݡ
ǣǣѵǡлǿͷ˵Ҿ䣬ôϸ׼Сس
ѽ㿴һƬض࿪ֻ˸Բ˵Ǻŷ׼ΪĽһֵǲҲظȤҪһ𿪷˫Ӯô
޸˵ЦˣĶǸʵǼԼһҰ̤̤ࡣлǿЦ˵Ȼ֪˴Ŷ뷨漴˳ص뷨˵ܲ˳õأõдŶţʲôĿռ䡣
лǿ꿸ӵƣĴȦأͼȻٸ߼׬ȡۣǮֲ
ǾͲŴ޸ĺͼˣȸˡлǿ˵ϸСһᣬһȱơ
ֵܣϸ绹ԼˣӦ죬㣡˵
ãҾлл޸ˡ˵꣬лǿһݳ뿪
ϵܿѽֺǿһļ˵ԽԽˡ
޸磬˵ЦˣһûлΪҽΧأһæ˵
⻹Сһ׮ͳлݸһһ֧˵ϰ˵е鷳Ҳ֮һѽ
һΪŵûпڣЩԼεģܴǻģĬĬžõѡ
һŴֵյص鿴һмиĳ⣬Ӧûʲô⡣ſǳ⣬ʵ֮СسǿزҲԼĿԡʡԼһЩؼеķĳɱֱټϾǳļңһ¥ҵһĻûж׬ͷټ־ںңûк֮ǣȻԷĴ󵨵ظһ˵ϵӣһطĹԱҪӣЩǡس󶼸иĹϵһ£ʱԸԸĳһˡ
ֵܣ߰ɣҲˡűߣкһ˵֪ϰܹܲҴ绰ϵһ¡
޸磬ˣҸղѾϵˣ˵ỹһͽԺ͸ϻһæ˵ϰȵϢԺΪӷ硣
Ц˵磬̫ˣ̸ʲôӷ粻ӷģóʱûһˣҪúõؽһǺǡˣ֪ϰľ𣿡
һҡҡͷ治֪Ȼ֪־Ƶľܺȶ٣û
ܺű˵Ĵָʳָ˸ˡ֣ҺȥԺûκ飬ûһ㡣뵽ľҾŵ£۸һһô
żһϵͷæ˵û£һң֤СЬġÿκȾƣһǱųȥΣҪһһӡֵܣҿѽ
һ룬ҪһҲȥӦѽ˼ҵĵͷϣһԼȥӣڳ룬飬ҲöȻֻܾεصͷЦЦ
żȴǿģ·Ѿ־Ʒŷڵһ㣬߿žҡһо֮еļơһҲͷڿϣзֵۣĺ
˸յݣ־ƾʹ绰˵Ѿظϡ˵һµĶ㣬æѡƵˡ
һ㣬־ƾ͵˾ʹһԺ˾һ˶¥İ䡣һ׼÷Աƣ־˵һѽˣȥҳƿأմ˳ģдǵĴ޴٣صӦҪҵĳˣ˵ƿþƶò


һһʮ β
磬Ͳˣ˼ҶæŸ쵼;ƣ㵹ãỹҪ˳˼ƿƣǲصЦ˵
һӹ־ϵĳԿףת˰䣬¥£򿪺һųĺԺ󣬿Ȼһę́óƿת¥һ֪νĹƣгϼٵˣЩݷ۵ġһ׼ȥҺķ棬Ūƿһę́Һģ־ƹյĲҪ̫Ҳֻˣ浣ĸղõϵƿҺǼٵģ¿Էˡ
һ¥ʱ־ƺʹйǿصĻ⣬һ¥Ҳܻ䡣һＤѣ־ȫԼĸԴˣȻԼδ֣ԭ򣬵ҲɷϣԼŬҲҪġ
һΪǶƣٸԼıӵϣ˿ʼߺȱģȻһҪģʵʱ򣬲Ŵһ䡣ͨǵĶԻһŪ˹ǿص顣ԭеܲǱ㶯صͷڳʽ²Ʒĸ졣Ϣһ˾ŷˣزܿת֣Ǵ׬ͷ־ƾͳ˴Ⱥ֮Ŀ꣬绰ģӵģʱһʮĿǰʽ˭־Ȼ뵽˴ţͷסЩţ񣬶ҺŹ˾ʵҲĿõġ־ҪҲ˵صҪʱǰѵضڻطȸٳ֣Ƕ˵ʲô塣
ղţһֵܴȥǿʱԼҵλżһ峴˵ҲǿظȤ⿴ȥˣ뿪ˡ
־Ц˵ڴǿ﹫Ӷأţӽ쿪ʼӦûʽˡ
Ц˵ĻϸǿˣʽˣǼ۸Ķϵȥأ
־ƶƱһһڣ˵޴ϰ廹ںСǮҿʽ֪ͨѽеڿѵúܣҪŵѪѽڷ۷浽ʱϸ취
磬ģֵܾͳںο㲻׬ǮҲ֤÷ˮġŶƱһڸˡ־ҲĻжˣһãҲѱоƸ˸׳졣һæվΪƣ֪־ƺʹлҪ˵֮ǰһѾ򷢷ԱȥˣԼʱʹ˷ԱĽɫ
ٷֻԵûƳϲŸ̸Ժ󣬾æƴơһס˿飬յĽһβҵرſˣ־Ҳ˺ü־⣬Ͼ˰ȥˡ
ⳡսһҸģֻ˶ƣʱȴæòɿȴ绰򳵹־ƽߡ־Ƴȥݳ˿⣬ݷ˺αţԲûóͣԼȥġ
ȳ־ƽԺһ׼ȥ򵥣ܾķֵӰȴʱ˰һǫԺ󣬺ķ˵һһαֵĻᣬ͡һһ̾ѹ־ôãǰ˲޹ϵҲ˼֪Լˣֻǵʱųˡεദʹһǰֵ˶˼־֮⣬ͷʲôҪȡóɹôףǹٳ;еĳɹǲס
Ѵ͵608ٺ֮һŴ򳵻ԼᡣԺڴϣ־ôŹͶʿز⡣ʱ䣬Ҳ̫ƽͨŵĽ룬סһЩˡ
ڶһ磬һ־ơų緹Ȼʹ˳֮ǰ־ƣȥԺ̾µ˹غͺеǱ߽д̡־һļ磬С䣬һųȥί
һȥ˷ʱǰ̨Աܾ֮ѾԸˣⷿⵥһ΢Цŵ˵ͷһߵɳóķƬ˸绰ȥ˿һķ̬ȷǳһҲֻգлԺ󣬾ֱӹ˵绰ʵڴ绰֮ǰһ֪Ľ绰ȴͽ㾴һߣҾһɡ
ӷǳƽһÿϰࡢ°࣬ᡢӦꡣ³һ糿һս칫ңݺ˲˹Ҳ֪ǴĶĲҶȻϴ֣ǸݺõʱֱƢꡣ
򳤣򳤣洫һϤĽ
СءһŮ
ӴŮأû£Һѧʱ򣬾ĺеģʵŮע⡣ε࣬һһ
СǼһһſû˵
һĻһЦæƿţФ˽ȥ漴Ϊһ衣ФܳƵվ˵ллŮллŮߺ죬Ƶĳš
㿴ǵУ˼Ҷˣһװ˵
Фһץһ칫ϵл̣һʣµֱ˿ڴȻ󲻻ؿһ˵ô˴ˣҲˣƽʱûôϧ𣿲˵Ѿͷû˵㿴СƨɣԲģ̵ģŶ
ɫǡһûһܸı顣
˵ģزС˵㡣Фڲġ
Ϲ˵Ҵ绰ٻˡһץͲҿɼǵĵ绰ѽ
𣬱𣬲ͿЦФæģԺֶŵʱװûˡ
㻹˵һֱ˵绰ϵּ
ФæͶ״һŷĵ绰˿ڲ裬˵һǾΪ˺Ů˵زβɣ
ФһæװͷȲ˹ȥ˺һᣬ֣صضһ˵ҽһҪҪ쵼㱨һ¡
װɣһû˵л˵ƨš


һһʮ κǿ
˵ɾеˣҪ㱨棬ģǺйصġФһθڡ
һǵɪӣ޲ȥһѿסĲӣס˵ãղ˵òԣ˵ɣʲô
Ǻǣ⻹ࡣФЦ˵ǰʱиڳпˣ˵ǺһʮŮһѺһҲǸɫǣ۾ֻ֪סŮ˿ûע죬ŮǼǵú˵ߴԼһң䲻ʮƯȴһǰ͹ʵģһͷںڵ糤
û˹ȥһȲʡ
⻹Ҫ˵ѽ˹ȥˡФͳһ̣˦һ֧߳˵𱧶ϣ˵⻹ܵˣڹȥƻƻ˶ˡ
һһ˵ҲǺѽ˵ûԶӦþڸһתơҲ߼زģһʱԣʱ䳤ԺȻʹסˡ
ФסһһͿȻĵ˵濴㻹е㾯Ǳʣרҷòࡣ
ȥģ㻹רңҶ㺦һ
Ǻǣʲôã˵֪ءФ˵ҽһ㱨ղǼ飬һҪһ£ҪҪ㱨ʱû˵
Ф˼ԣɳԶʶ̬ĸϵŮ˽Ӫĵɽ˽ܺĹϵ֪ġһϸһԺ󣬶Ф˵ҿʱε㣬Ͼûʲôƾʵݣ˵ǿѨҲΪ쵼ӦˣдС֮ӡ
ФһֱۣһԶϢй¶ȥﷴΪԼԶˣĶ˵ˡѹϰһúӴ˵ǶԼķչкôڿ⻰мֵĿǰԣ֮Ĳ໹һĴ󣬲С
һҪ֪Фĵ뷨ǿЦá֮˵޻̸ĺѣĵλͿĽǶȲͬ˼ķȻͲһλҪıЩ˵ֱ̫ˣͲ֮ˣϾһǴ򳤣һɳ
ФԺһͽӵ֣ĵ绰˵׼׼ЩȻһȥӦ죬Ϊû͵ѧʱˡһǸжԼδϱʱˣС⣬滹ͦģԼļ˷ǳġԴ֪Сñѧ¼ȡԺ󣬾һֱ׼ؼҿһһûʲôʱ֣ΪԼޡһԺֱֻˣع˵绰
һ׼챨ֽʱκǿϲ˽˵ЦӣʱӦϵòһû뵽ģߵ˶Ѿ˵κǿϲһߵĺ߹ˡҶ⵱һõȥ˵˻һǳ⣬ɶҲûõ
էһϢҲеߣϾ϶иĵĹ涨ǵΪǷģβΪ򳤷ģǡɵ˸תһҲȻˣԼһһսϵģ˵ҲԼȣ츱λƳɲһֱǽԼģһ˿ãȻϲۡ
ڣϢ³˿ŵϲ֪⣬һ֪˾һˡҲ֮Уһһ֪Լţ飬֪ģҲνĵԣԹɡ
λɣǹʲôϢҪѽһЦ˵Сλ쵼ݲ衣
һĻԺκǿЦ˵򳤣ˣҽϲһе㱨
κǿ˵䣬ѾȲ裬˵첻һ˺ȣǱһֻӭ̬ȣʽѡһһ˲䣬ؿǵɫȹµĻԲβֳڿĺۼջԵֵǹYY뵽ФǼһ˵ȷʵмֵСβɱ治һĴ󡣴ʱ칫Ҫ֪õȻ뷨治֪θ롣
ãֻ̬ʮӣҪǵĴ򳤻᲻ᵱ󣬻˵ȥԺһ˶񣬶κǿϲ˵λڿ˵˵ǵ뷨ˡ
ϲκǿ̬̬ĺܵͣһԼǣһĿѾһҲȷʵκǿΪģԼֻһЭѣȻûĵ
κǿ˫ƽһΣһ㱨ļƣ˵򳤣ǵģ׼ʳһֵĴʹСϺƷһץǳϺļڣƷ飬ڣϾǵʱ䲻࣬һ£СϺҪˡ׼СϺ⿴ʩѾд˱㿴󶨶ᡣĹ滮ҪСϺĴ궨Ϊڴķ꣬ͳһ䷢Ǽ־ƣȻҪӴȣ˵ӹ⣬ǵĳǸһ̨зᣬȻܺʡӻֱӺӺ֪ȡ


һһʮ ϲл
κǿ˵⣬⿴һһۣϲκεĲ֮飬ǽ˵λһ˼·ǲҲз¡
һ飬ص˵ͷκǿ״æ˵зȲϳҲζⷽ棬ǿҪѵԽϾĿǰһƬհףСϺѾһĻڴʳһַΪ㱨ⷽǰˡκǿ˵󣬻ϲһ䣬ͷͶұҲ˵ˡ
ϲмسκǿһЦǰŲŲһ˵ʳһⷽḺ́Ƚϴǳһ£ҪͶʽңҪؽ淿ĸ̻ƹĲ䡣
淿ĸ죬ʲô뷨һʡ
򳤣ģѼϺڵĺ·ߵ淿ͳһװޣһ£ȥЧϺãȻȡͷطķǻǵʧ貹ΪꡣҸղ˵棬ҲķáγһĹģԺ߹ߡϲ˵
һûпڣͷϸ˼ţӦ˵κǿϲǸ׷ǲģһĿԣմ˲ĻЧӦò̫һĵǣ˴֮ǰԬ̩۴ǾѾųˡĿǰͼȻʳָ飬ʽû䣬Ҫȥүү̣ԼŪǮôװ׵ؽЩ˵һ治ġԬ̩һ֧ع˾ϧǰԼ̯ƣ޷һ۾סûǮĻ˭ԸΪһѵίͦǲǳԱ˳ŵġ
κǿϲһͷ˼Ϊղ˵ķʲôϸڣǵ򳤲ˣȴֲԴţֻεظţȴ
һ˼ʶȥ칫̣ԶȥҲû̡ϲ״æվһ֧̣˵򳤣̡һʶκ˻ڵԼĴأǽӹ̣˼˵λǲ˼ղˣƶķܺãʱʱٺúõоһ£׵ĵطʱ̡
κǿϲҡͷκǿ˵򳤣ǫˣʲôʣС绰綼ڰ칫أǰɣ
ԣԣκ˵öԣûʲô顣ϲæ˵
Ǻã鷳λˡһվͶ˳ȥ߱˵ǸøʲôʲôҲһʱᡣ˵ʵµܲƻһ棬Ҳܶѽ
κǿϲһ㶣漴һۣ˶ӶԷ￴˷֮ɫһղŵǾ仰ģʵȴһķϵһĳ̶ǲ˵ģ˵ˣһֱ̬ʾѾȫϿ˵վӡĵĹٳԸԸվһ£쵼ԸԸɣһ¡
ԺһûæſǷκǿʮҳĲϣæŴϵһЩղ˵ģȷʵãļԲȶ
һ緹Ժ󣬻صᣬúõ˯һ죬˵Ѿ·ˣһҲû˼ȵǺýյһˣҪ֪˽ͣǹŴҲ޼£һ˯úһˣԱ߿Ҳ˯ϺŷһΣ˵ܲѵҵᣬһһΣڵþƣ߲ŰݣһĻ˵һҹΣǱģ
֮ǰһ¥طϲվſڵϲһˣæǰһӹ˵򳤣ã
һ֪ԷΪ˵ͷЦ˵ϲѽôҴ绰أ
򳤣ҲǸҪˣûд绰ϲ˵Ҳûʲô飬ΪҶӵ顣
һһæ˵ôˣѾȥˣͻϢˡ
ǵģ򳤣СѾȥеϰˡղ˵ǳӣ˵ʱۿϤҵ񣬵ȹһ¾ںȥܡ°òУСһ쵽ͺҪȥߣ¿ˡϲæ͵
һ⻰ŷϴκŷԺͰ·һˣҪϲһӻ治һ벻ŷѾذ°ˣһʱһпҪ˵ŷһֱһչԼϸ֦ĩ֮ΪԼǵˣԼȴʲô֮ȶ
һͳһϲȻ˵ͺãӴԼ뷨ȥܣûʲôġʱһģͷİɣ
ллˣɰҽһ⣬һϲٵĿǲ١ϲпǧ˵
Ǻǣ֮ͣͱˣؼҶúøɣ˵ܳΪϰ塣һЦ˵
ϲҡͷҶûôֻҪҰȵģ£ٵȸΪȢϱҲǹԲˡϲ̱߳˵⻹ĵ׻һôæȻûвҴŵıҪһЦЦû
ϲıӰԼİ칫ſʧһֻ㱡Ҫ˵ĸĸ۰ԼŮģʱĸԺӼ˷ǳֵ˺ֻҪĽͽԼͣҲúƲѣʱһЩ˵ϲ֮ѡож㷭󻨣ԼӵʵΪѡʵķչ֮·İʮУг״Ԫ·ͨ˵Ĳ˼


һһʮ Ů
߰һᣬһҡҡͷԼеˣ빤еĻǴĲһ֧̣Ϊ׼õһļóЩЩҪʾģЩ֪ô¾ͿˣԴǱȽϿġȥٵذЩļԺһóκǿϲ͹ı棬ϸо˿ͷ㱨ʱ˵ñȽͳݱ棬ᵽϸķ֤
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һе򼱣վȥ칫ſڵʱ򣬼ͷдʲôһԼҪȥҵ˾μһᣬԼ׼ģСѾͷͦùġǰиӰһΣ̧ͷһ¶΢Цص˵ͷ
һӰǰʧ˱ʣҲ׫д塣Ժ󣬺һӴĻˣԽԽһ㡣ȥԼµˣ˵ʹʱֱȹ軹ϵ˸㲻ףôôĶġ˶иģԽǸ㲻ĶԽоףҲ⡣ֻҪһǰҪһʱҪܳʱָܻ״̬СﲻֹһεʹԼôˣôأѵϲˡһ뵽⣬Ͳˣֻ췢̣ҪǸܿ׼Ҫ˵˼ˡ
һԺԼİ칫ȥͻȻһɫȹƯŮӴԬ̩İ칫߳Ҵҵ¥ȥˡٶȽϿ죬һûпŮӵ®ɽĿһ˿֮ġΪޣһйԬ̩飬һǳע̾Ķ֣һ֪֮٣Բòӹע
˵ĺˣһ¥Է˭תһ룬ǷˡΪղԼŮӣȻҲԼҪððʧʧȥܻԷľ
صԼİ칫ԺһֻŮӵĺϤֺ֮ĸоɾǲһʲôôҲ벻˭һܰĵȥǷݹʳһֺСϺı档ĲɣһҳԺһְͷΪʵʸ㲻⼸ҳı澿дЩʲôݡ
һ鷳겻ʱ򣬶ߺȻ˭ѽôž׼ѽ
һŮδ򣬻Ҫʲôѽ
һö죬һδ֣Ī֣ˣӦòѽ˵Źˡ뵽⣬һæƿӣվ첽ſȥ
㲻ܽȥ򳤵İ칫ңʲô飬ҿȽȥͨһżĺ
鷳ˣղŵǸŮش
˵䣬һѾת漴վסӣ˽Ȼϣ֣һīɫ˿£ɫĶȹ߸ߵЬʹñߵھ߳һͷ⡣
򳤣æͣ˼οڣֲ֪ô˵
Сû£Ůѣ֣Ըʲô¶ġһæЦ˵ǵС
֣һһ˵˼ؿЦЦ˵˼ѽһ֪һﻹҪͨû£Ҫ㣬Ҹ˵ţ˷ȭԡ
һһ֣û˵ҡҡͷֱתԼȥһܸ顣һĽܣ֪ǰԼҪʤһŮȻ򳤵δޣζƿһܲζϻεúܺáЦŶ֣˵㣬͸ݲȥ
Сǰɣٺ١֣Ц˵ǲͲҪˣҺȲǸ͸ҵ׿ˮɣһ·ϸǿˣллѽ
ûϵ˵꣬תȥ֣ˮˡˮݸ֣Ժתһİ칫ңְشˡ˼Ҷ˵¹ϵˣþòȻЩĻҪ˵ܲڣţֱֳɡȻ֣ĳǲˬ֪ġ
ȥԺ֣һ˵ղŮ˭ѽȥͦĵġ
һһƣ룬˵ĽʲôæشĶĹԱҪЭҹġһ⻰˵úܻͷЭһȱӦе˼֣ôķӦ
𣿡֣ŰɣʵһСС򳤣ҪЭ㹤Լʲôأ
ѽҵḶ́˵ĶĶѽǰôûȻôܳһԸϺľֱӴ
֣òǺܶټһ˵ĵԭȵǵҲʹˣﻹǲԸ䡣һҪ˵ϰ֣ͬҵݡһȥ͸˵иŮ칫ģٺ٣һͬġ
һһӣæ˵ֱӵһٶʮĻӭȥǧϰô˵ұеҪô˵ˣ´ζҹȥˡ


һһʮ ¶
ûϰָʲô֣ڵʡ
һҡҡ֣ٴǻһħŮĬĬ߶
ǲ˵ҵĻָ֣һıʡ
ûУûСһЦǸѽѾͷǲʲô칦ܣܿ˵ġ
ٺ٣Ҳң֣Ц˵
һˣ̽ʣ糿ôйģ
ôӭѽߺˡ֣Сһ˵˵
һæһץסۣЦ˵ǣҾʣܲڸɰͰ͵Űɣ
Ǻǣ˼ҼææظϹϲָ֣ʹЦݡ
һʱɵˣǰԼŮԼʶеŮ˵ƱģƱľս֮СҪһֱɰöãһĬĬš
ǾллѽڸϿһҪһ㣬ôԶ·أһе˵
û£⼼֣׼һԼļʻ̧ͷһĹذ֮⣬￪Ĳѣ漴˵֪ˣҿò죬ûгһٶʮ롣
ûгһٶʮ룬ôʲôѽ´β׼һ١һ˵
ʱ֣ȴһֻɵСèһ㣬ֻһصͷʲô˵һСŮ˵ģ
ڰ칫һᣬ°ʱˣһ֣뵽ĶȥԷ˭֪֣ƽʱһĶԡ
ƽʱʳóѽǶһ˵
֣һܸȤģһ˵ǽȥʳóԷϻ¶˼֮⡣
ôأԶôҲԶٺõġһͽ
ҪҾȥʳóԷǵ̨ʳʲô֣ͬһ˳ĵļơҪһһȥʳóԷԼģǵ̨һλСһһǰ¶棬ôҶ֪ŮѵģŮٴ⣬֣ΪȻϾһʮ򳤣Ķͦ۵ģһЩŮӻĿϡԼŮѵݹ¶һĻܻһЩĴ֪Ѷˡ
һ֣̬ȼҲνҲһһ󣬵ԼӦòκεӰ졣Ժһ¥׼ȥʳá˵¥ԺһһɫӰȡһڿ˵®ɽĿԬ̩İ칫һҲˡ
Ů˭ã֣ųȥĻɫӰһ
ģл÷꣬ȥձҵĴѧһش
֣гʧķ˵ϵŮǲ٣Ҫ顣
һ˲ٽǻͷǰȥ
㣬ȵѽ֣ں׷߽Сһֻ÷ٶȣ
ʳԺһеһȻڵͷԷ۾ⶼ֣飬һĺ֮ɫ֣һ㲻⣬˭΢ЦǴɨĴ軹̸䣬رĴ󡣲ӵĹʳ˶Ѿ֪˽һԷŮŮѡһǿЦãһͷԷʱ֣ķûôء֣һˣƽƿ룬˵ҲԱˡıͲǳԷģĿѾﵽȻûٴȥıҪһæվߣ֣֮ǰǴ˸к
һصһᣬ֣æ򿪿յһؽţˣˡһû˵˭ҪȥʳóԷģԼܡ
⣬ôţѽ֣һ䡣
һ׼֧̣һڴŷʱǺѾˣǵߵ칫ǰ׼һ򿪳Ժ󣬸׼̣ͻȻ֣ϴ͵Ǹʲôѽ֣˵˵߰ˡ
һڻشǮϴβμһҵĿ䣬ϰڼƷ͹ġ
ǧѽ֣˵ϵǮȵ˵
ѽ֪ôأ¾ͰˣѾ˺óʱءǸ鷳¡һΪѵ˵
ҪҸ˻ȥôһһ̣һ֧߳߶֣
֣һ˵ðɣƲѾôʱ䲻˵Ҫͻȥ˼ϰôأ
ѽҲףԵʱûмȥһ˵ʱȥĿɲֹһˣ⣬ίίԱ
ҪĻǾ͸ˡ֣æ˵Ҫ˳ȥô죿ˣ˼Ҳ⣻ˣ±˴㣬仹档
ѽǮ䲻󣬵ҪҾôˣһеĸоһ˵Լĵ뷨
ŵȻҲԣǲΪǮʪ֣֡ϵ˵Ϊھ˼ͥﳤĺӣⷽ鼫С
˵ôأһ֮ǰû;˼⣬֣˵е㸴ӣõĻ˵һҲΪ
ˣ֣һᣬ͵һӣ˷ܵ˵Ұ뵽һȫ֮ߣȲˣܰժ
ܲܲҪôһһէģһ˵˵ʲôüƻһмԹڴ


һһʮ ǧ
ʱȥϰ࣬ȥϵʾ֣Ǯϣ̣ô֣һ˵
һҲǿģ֣˵£ⲻ˵ţͰ
å֣˵ת￪ˡ
˭˵åģҵδޣ˭ܵţһ˵ţ׷ȥ
֣ǸѽԼĻȻˣƵòУֲóڷϡ
˴һͣԺһ˵ӻ߿ӣ˵Ļ
۵ʱǶݵģ֪䣬Ѿ㣬һȥϰ֣࣬򿪳ȥʾ֡ǮĳȥԺ֣ѻִˣŽԼİǻִϵĻЦдǩʱЦˡ
ʱһ˸绰ã˵е飬׼ȥһˣҪһܹϰࡣѾˣټϢ졣Ȼû˵ʲôԺ͹˵绰˵£Ӧ٣ʵжأһÿζҪ˵һҪǰڳһ̬Ͼ֮ѹϵһûд
֣Ժֱȥһᡣ˵ˣһ°Ժһغ糿ٻһĻ˵˵ģ֣ġһһԣЦš
һĵһصģһͷϵ鶼ˣһҲ֣ţĻҲе˵ȥһشԺ󣬱׼Żһ֣ɿȻڴ˯ˣҲûǷ顣һʹӦ쿪ûϢȻˡ
һԼϺ˯ŮĬĬʣԼǸƯԸСᡢ£ʱϲʹСӵŮԼܸҸһﻹûסǶҲ̹ȻˣҸʵһָоѣԼֻҪľȥŻҸġһһ֧̣Ů˯ͼʱȫûаʱ棬ɵɵģճյģſˮǺǣźú˯ɣһҸģһĬĬ˵
˴ԼСʱң֣ƵתУ˫۾עԼæԼĶͷһʲôණƵġ˺һųһµҪ˼˯㶢ſʲôѽᡣ
˭ˣĿˮʲôÿģһЦ˵
֣˲һһͷ䡣һˬʵЦص֣޲һŰ߳ȥ
ĥ˺þã֣ųȻһšϳԺ֣ļݳ߲ͷһιղ˯ʱǲˮˣ
һаӣȻص˵ͷ
ѽҲ֣޽ţĴỵ̂ǵôսиͣǰĳæõһߣΪҪء
˵ԺһȺ֣һȥƱݣһ׼䡣һǳע⣬˵ŮѹϵϾûԽ׳أҲʲôѱ֣ƱݵӡǲװޱȽϵΣԶԱȽϰӦıݣֵĸоܲˡ
ȰٺԺһ˸绰ФԼٻһԷѾˣҲûʲôûرܵģԼŷעɲһԣǴҶ֪ʵ˵ŷҲ֪֣ĴڣԼٻǰҴţʲôأӵ绰ԺФܿģǵʵһȥݳһȻûзԵĵԼҳʱФٻֱƱݣһ֣
֣˵ҪȥݳٿʱѾˣ̿ʼæµЯó·ͻױƷһһСĿһ׷ۺɫ¿㣬ֻһͷ֣̹һ˻ǵĻ档һԴӺŷٹɽ֮󣬶ⷽĴ̼رУ֣һĻ˵ԼδޡҸʵĻᣬҪжųԲţ֮
һ֮ʣ֣Ѿ䣬Ҫ˵ұݵĸоǲһԡ⣬Ȼøֻԡ֣ˣſʼԼϵ·浣Ǻɫļһ᲻ͻȻȡʲôжʱԼǾܾͬ⣬ﻹìܵúܡؾԼز֣ⲻѡϴѧʱͬŮΪĽģغȤ˵ĸҪȢ㣬ɵõ塣֣ʼʲô˼˵㲦׹׷غ졣


һһʮ С
ʱϵעǲܷһԡˮˣ֣Ѿ¶ģϻԺһҪúõһݣֶԲôԡ衣ԡԺͷӿˮ嵽ϣ֮˵⣬ȫ
֣ϴԺѾˣһЦ˵Ķϴ裬ɱأ֣󣬺ݺݵصһۣûпڣϵС翪ʼԼ㷢һһ̾ݵϰ˼ϸ壬ϸڶǵ֣ССĺҲǲԻ֮ˡǾܾķԲһĿõģƱݵϰ忴ҲǸ
һе򼱣תͽ䣬յſڵʱֻ֣һ£˵һƵĳ˹ȥԺ֣һץԼµ·Ҳ֪ļֻǵɫֲƫУǡ䵽һĽűߡ
֣æʰֻԼշ췢ȡһľ࣬ڻϽͣ˵һ䣬Ըе
֣Ϻ͸ƻҲ𻰣æſڴȥֻߵһʱ׼ĽţݺݵһŶȥӴһŵشһţʹ̵ӡ߳ŵ֣һҽУټǿŵضΪŲˣæ·߹ȥ鿴һߵߣʹ״֣æӲ鿴һҽšһסĵطȥȲ죬Ҳףһӻ㲻ʲô״
׼ѯ֮ʣֻߴһЦŵһ仰û֣ιȥڵԸһ㡣һ˵
֣һ⻰׸ղŶԷһװ˳СϺݺһѣ¿ɰЩġ֣˸֣վ˳ȥ
һռ˿ͷϵıˣСȴһߣǳƽ˭Ҳûմ˭ıˡ
Ф绰һʱʮ壬˵ѾƱݵͣˣһǾһ˵Ͼʱ֣ЩĽţһһĴǷ壬ûʲô㡣һشһ϶ҡҡͷ֣ŷŮЩʱ򣬾ԽںԽǽš֪ФһԸںԼı֣ôҲԷŮѡ
˻ԺһФĳֱݶȥӸղһ棬ٻעȫ֣ϡһҲĸŮӣǵȦΪԼŷ⣬ûôˣ֣֮ԼЩйүʱǲƽǰŮҪģģҪģ˼ʲѡĳƮҷɫ¶ȹϵɫ˿࣬һ欵ԸҲֻŷܺһ̸£ӦòһַŷٵǺģӹģ֣ȴǻõģģǸǧ¡
ٻ֣֮ʱԷγҲڴ֣֪ǰŮһŮѣ˾иЩѹ֣ٻҲǸӣŷЩأʧֲ١۵ʱ򣬺һ͹ʵһӦ죬һںټְҵĲ𣬳ĲҲͲΪˡ
һ·ϣһФЦЦǺǣ֣ٻҲߴߴһṦѾݡ˸ϳʱ򣬾ѾˣϳԻ˵Իһζ˾һ¡
ФѳͣСſڣ³Ժ󣬾ȥһȫ꣬ҲһңһòˣԳһ㣬ֻǵȡҵҲǲһһӡһһŮֻڱϵˡ
˵ȻŮһФһߺȲ졣Фͳٻ׹һۡФֻڨڨذһĵسѴĴָ˹ФֱһƣȻصƷŲ裬ȴһţҲǲ裬ֱҶݳѽֿɬ
һṦ򣬵׹ˣʵڣһŹǣһ룬ǲզأԸ˴ĲࡣؼǵãչԺһŷȥԵģǵ׹Źֻùļ顣֣һڷĵýһ£һŷӦæٱФȾơ
Ĳ˺͵׹һ൱㣬û¹֣Ա˼Ҷû˵ûȥˡһһпϴҲûг꣬ҪˣԱ˵ЩѾõй˲ˡŷҪǰۣһӲȰסϾҪ˵Ӱ첻áŷٿҲǷ㣬ǲûм쭣ȥʱ˵´һҪٻȥҪһûйǾûȥ


һһʮ У
ԺФһȥᣬҲͷͬ⣬ϾôԶԸֱӻȥʩͺĲ࣬ҪһС䣬һ̲裬һ̣л÷ʲôġԼСʱңûô裬ֻƨҲǳġֻøڰǸƵƵ̽ͷķŭȻ̫󣬴˱˵ĺ£ӹ޿ˣԱҪ˸䡣Ф§Ÿű¶ŮԶˣСһ䣬ģҪںһŪȥ졣һЦФ˴Ĵָ
˻صʱѾʮһˣФһ֣Ʊݾʹٻ뿪ˡһӲ֣˷䡣
Ƥĸʱ䲻ˣ׼˯ˣ컹Ҫôʱĳأ֣˸˵
һһƨɳϣڶϣ˵ôõĳˣȱˮѽ
ԣԼգȥϴˡ֣˵˯ȥ䡣
һ֮ãˮװģȥװһˮȻͨԴˮ
Լʮӣ֣ˣһ۾ʱɵϴ֣һƵ˿˯£ĽǶȿȥе͸⡭
֣һıԺ󣬲͵ؼԼ˯µʱӪҵԱ˵һ䣬һϲġԼǸƻŮ͵⻰ߵͨ죬ﻹ˼һе˼ԴԺ󣬽컹ǵһδͷԼԼܿ·ˡ
һ֣ߺ죬Ҳ̲סˣվԷ˹ȥ֣Ԥе˼Ҫ飬ɽȴ˶һ㣬֪ĶŲһߵ֣ĸǰץס¶ۣȻۺؿֻ֣ͨͨؾҵＸһƬհףر۾Ҳ֪˶ã֣оԼϣǽŲѣܵһҰԵǡʼʱܻӭһӵʱ䣬ԷͷԼͷԺ󣬾Ͳӭȥ
˺һһ˫ּӴ§ȣԷ廬ȥ
һڴϣ֣ѾȫһְԵ״̬Уһ˫־֣˯£չǰһѪŵĻ档ͻһȥʱ֣ȴʲô̼һ㣬æ˫ҡ˵УУҪȵſԡ
һһеʿһ㡣һᣬִս֣Ĳĵ˵㿴ܣļȣ
֣һۣϺһ㣬˵ǶԲҪңáְ㡣
һ汻⻰׵ˣܱûǿԼʵҲıװĲԸǿص˵ͷ
˸ȥһԺ§һ˯ˡһû˵ȥ֣Ҳûȥ˺Ĭһ˴
ڶһ֣һ߲ѣֻöȺģǵСͬ־һеģʱ֣Ц˳緹Ժ󣬾̤ȥ·̡
ŵһ㣬֣Ĵͣһϼſڡһ·ϣһ֣ĵ⾢סе֣ԵʱһỹǾܾˣϾⶫȥе治ȥ׳ԣФɣ϶µ㹦
֣ȻСãһӵĵ绰Ժ󣬾һֱڼſתƣ۾ȴʼն°ոˡڽӵ绰ʱһһǿʲô
֣ӳ˷ܲѣӭȥɩ˵ЦģͳһСƨ棬֣Ķ͸ĶŪһƲѡ壬һɺ񻨶ȥϰˣڼҡѾһʱˣһΪŮ飬һ̫ȣľǱ߻ûʲô⣬һԱġ
Դӵ֪֣ȥӦѧģЦþûϹǰڻ׼һùȥһûŵŮһȥôԶĵطĸηĵ¡ںˣϱе񣬾ͲҪٷˡ
ʱһɺϻԷһ˾һڡ극Ժһֻ֣Ϣ׼ˣΪ֣ҪӦ죬нĸСʱĳءͺûס֣˵˻ĻԼ֣ʮһչμǵĻģ֣ȻڴӦף񻨱˵÷ͨ죬ֻС˵˾䣬ţ쿴ôر㡣֣װ²ѵӣ˫ֱ磬է¡


һٶʮ ϰ
ЦһһɺһŰõĶȫ˴յĺ䣬˵׼ǳ֣Ϊ׼Ķǰһɸģʼһ˵ãȥһ
˸ĸ͸ɩԺõԵе䣬Ҳ֮飬Ͼôǵһ뿪ĸһӾȥôԶĵطãҪ˶ãʮһʱ򣬴飬ͿԻˡ
֣ҲСӵе㲻ԣǣغ죬ߥһһ»ѧһЩСнѳ˱ıߣҲʱͦģ֣ĳرƽȣǳǰһģ㿪һǷ辢ţ֣ҲСӵǰһŮԾסҽŲŵȡʼʱе㲻ӦԺ죬Ҳǲѡ
һСʱʱһֱ·˳µǵʱ䣬û֣ͽǡ³Ժжü䣬¾ȥ֣ԼʱʱҲȥӦ쿴ǡõȦַˣһ󣬳֣ʹ˸ɫ֣̻⣬ջػ˳ȥðͷ̽⣬һ֣һҲæ⡣˵һСܲĳ棬һĴүеԲۿʪˣĳ嶯һæͳһ֧Լ˸е߳ˡѲǸԼĻëѾͷˣѾӦԼο֣չȷʵûʲôֵõĵġ
һ˸˳·ʿص˺ʱ䣬ʱϵȥҲ°ĵˣȥί־ơԴȥԺֻϰһΣдڳʱ򡣽ʱ䣬ȥݷһ־ƣͬʱҲһЩԼ
һ·ϣʶʶ˶һͷʾ⣬еո֡һȻеܳĸоתһ룬ӦòڸԼӣǸϰӡĵĹٳ˵أڣһгһգ־뿪ԺЩֻζԴԼȻԼ㹻ǿƣһЩ˵ˣôҪˡ
һ¥Ժ󣬿־칫ҵſţϰӦڼҡһԺ󣬼񿭷ڷ飬ҲǸо˽Ų̧ͷԼǰԼ΢Ц֮ʣ񿭷վ˵ˣôȲкҺȥ㣡˵ͳݸһһ֧ʱͳ˴񿭷ɶһǷĵģǴ־Ƶ֮䣬Ǵ峬ֹһΣǶһİ֪䣬λѾһżҪ֪־ƺˣûõһҲǡ֡
һͲ񿭷һᣬᣬȻСʵϰ𣿡
񿭷ɵ˵ͷȻͬС˵ںس̸飬Ѿ̸һˣӦÿˡ
һ룬ڿﳤҵѾΪϰΪصˣҲ֮УϾײƵ˶ֹֻһӣӰȽޣټϣﳤҵϰһεģĵϵˣ˭أ׻ԼΪλúԭʱΪϰֵȷʵޡ
񿭷Ϊһһ裬˱죬ߵﳤҵԼʮӣһŶˣæվȻ־ﳤҵˡһæǰкﳤҵǳץסһһҡ־Цŵ˵ͷһϰȻﳤҵһֱͳ˲񿭷ɰ칫ҵţǺټģλþ⻰һû
־ת֮ʣһҲ˽ȥ־ɳǰһһ֣˸ƣһذɳıԵ˵Ϊ֣أ֮ĹϵǱѰڹٳصĹأһҲ١
һ־ƣԼպ֣֣ԼȥӦˡ־˵һҲӦѧ䡣һһ֧̣Ϊϰ˻Ȼ˵Լ󡣵־˵۴ȻΪع˾ܹ̣ķߺ֮ɫһ䣬һǾεģ֪һûбҪ棬Ϊ۴ʲôҩ˵òһ㣬һССĸ򳤣ûʸ
Ȱʱٿ־Ƴ˼һ˵ҪȷʵǱΪʲôϰĻųõһˡ
һԸо־ϵɱһʱĥҲ˾޴ı仯ֵϣƣһڼ䣬ͺܿ
һҪע⣬һҪö๵ͨ־Ƴһ˵ϣʲôҲɡһҪһ㣬һҪעŽߵмҲȡʤĹؼڡ
һͷÿκϰ彻ԼвСջʱඥ֮С


һٶʮһ ѧʻ
־ư̵̻Ҹʶڲ輸豭һæվȥİ칫϶˲豭ˮԺ󣬲ŵ˹ȥ־ص˵ͷԺ󣬶һ˵Ź˾Ѿˣںͻе͵Ƥļ۸񣬽飬ƽͻŷس帺飬ҪʱĻҹȥŷسǱ߲죬ʱһ£˼ǹǵģҲ̫Կˡ
һæ˵ͷϰʹ֮ĹϵǲҪҲôԶԩͷ
һ£óҵسǣͷ׼йسؽеϡʱ䣬ܾͻټǡ򳤿ᡣһ£ȥȺùͨһ£ʱɲܸҵӡ˵־ƵĿ
һæ˵ϰ壬ģһȥǻ㱨һԳؽ鲢İϴѧʱӦǱ߾вٵôˣӦҲһʵʵڵ˵ܷͨҪɹԺѶȲһĴ־ıһԼеˣֻҪӲָﵽźؽоԲʲô⡣
һٽ°ʱ򣬲Ŵ־Ƶİ칫֮ǰ־˵÷֥һʱԷһûƳ١
ڽ˵֮һصίᡣʱ䶼ûôסʱ仹磬ǰɨһϯӣúõزһһ治˯档
һɨʱֻ֣˵绰˵ѾӦˣ˵ɩӻȥ·СУһĵĸˡ
죬һͺŷںСİûôšֻÿ糿ŷٳȥˣ˾æſӡ˯Ȼŷٻ֣ĸоԤеԼһֵ¹ϵҲ˶೤ʱˣѵôõĻᣬûǵĶ磬ȻҪúõİաıֶһɻѵжʱû£Ů˾Ҳǳڶŷٵ֮飬ȥһһεذϿֵĸ߷塣
һһ磬һŷٰԼίǰǿô£Ѿ˵ãߵʮ
ïʢȥһλʵĹڣ֤һŷٵһδμֱ𡣴ϵı׼ȷطֱ껹Ƿ룬ʱȻڴѣ˷֮ɫʱȻƣľ뵡֮ɫ
һʱˣûٻᣬԱߵһ̣ӣһϡȥԺ˵
ƿ룬һͿԼɣɿ˹ڻߵ㣬˾ǳְһԺæ˳ȥʱ·͵ؿһӰԺ򣬰ѳͷȵͣһߡ
ϳԺһһ̸֧¡½ӹԺ󣬷Ǳϣһ˺ĳѹǶ˵쵼ѡ˾ʱѡţѡһµ˾ȷʵһǳҪ顣ղ¿һȥǳϸСĶȴһӷֲ١˾˵úûȻҪܲ쵼⣬ΪҪĹؼ
һ֧Ժһʱ仹磬¿װʵ£⿪ѧ𣿡
һ͸һ⻰Ȼ֪һе˼Ѹٴ򳤣ܼ򵥵ģؼšɲϣԼλľûʲôˡ
ǰ׶ФĳԣܾúѰƵġһ˵
ȫһ˼Ȼϰ忪ǻʲôѵģƾԼʮļ䣬Сһһɲѳͣһ˵򳤣ԣ
һ⣬ϻҪƳһΥĵ˵£ⲻðɣһ
ϰ壬û£أ̽˵һνһϰ壬һƺ־һﻹм㷲һûʲôı֣ŷ̴Ӽʻλøһ
һæӺ³ض£֪ΪЬﲻ̫Լ˷ò⿪ҲǼҪ˷ܵ顣һϳԺ˸ʻλϣ𲽵٣ٵְֵؽһ˵רҵĺҵľǲһµָһοϴֶˡ
㿪˶ʮӣһֻȥһûȥֱ˸ݵλϣع۲µĶ˸ղʵʲľ飬ڿһ;Щˡ»ʧʱص㲦䣬ʹһǳ
˾߿ѧʱѾӽϰʱˡһ칫Ժ󣬿ѾѲΪԼݺˣԺȹ˸绰ãԼѾˡûĵõһȻ֪ǳ滰ﻹĵģٱõ̬ȡ
ͨ绰Ժһóκǿϲ͹ķϸоܱԺһӻ治ҵоһϸж֮ʣͻȻߴԬǣã
һһ飬СѾͷǴʺãڸԼԬ̩ˡһ̰ͷļץһűֽԼǰ׼ʹƵˣһſڣ˵һ
䣬Ԭ̩Žˡ򳤣ã߱˵
ŶԬѽãáһЦվԬ̩֡ô˵߶ǿͣԷһ絽Լİ칫ͼԼҲǧ֮ļơҪǴȥĻһǶԼ


һٶʮ ̽
һպԬ̩ɳݺ˲裬һע⵽Ԭ̩࣬΢΢˵ͷ۽ǵⶼû裬һҧʮ¾Ҳ˵һίίǺġһ˵һõϢѾ⣬β򲻵ѵʱһȥ־ƵϾЩԼȥԣԶ־Ƶıӻǰ
һһ̸֧Ԭ̩ȻЦǺǵʵ̩ǣ£
򳤣⻰˵ģûҾͲܹ㱨㱨Ԭ̩һ̣ͬ΢Ц˵
̩ǣԩˡһӹͷ˵ϯԴܹ죬ؼһ̩ǹһΪǲǳʲô顣Ҫ֪ԴӵԺҵ񾭾һ쵽ţ³ʲô顣һĻʵʵѱ١
Ԭ̩һⷬԺﲻһ˿֮⣬ĸãһ̽ʵڻȥʱ۴컹绰ԼһҪٽʱٹȥ
һԺԬ̩ûʲô飬ѹֲסǷڴֱӾ͵һˡ벻ûڣͱԷһСӻǲ򵥣ԺʲôжǶ۴ġԴԺԬ̩ٳķӿԼм֮С
Ԭ̩ڲ裬ȶһԼָֻ˳ʱĵһ˵򳤣öѽԴԺһֱ㱨ܱ¸ˡ
һ룬һģҵĽڶǺ۴һģһģǾͲе⡣һֱԬ̩˫ۣ˵һ䣬𣿡
ô򳤲ѽԬ̩е̵٣漴ͳ̺һ֧лһ˵ǰ͹С˵ȥ˺ˣ㿴಻ɣ˵۽ǵһϣܿһԼҪĶ
ҪĿģҪһٴ̽һذѻʱ
һʱԬ̩˵һȥسǣԴϴ۴һͨԺһͷǳע١͵˵һȥ˺Ԭ̩е㷸Σһﲻȥ־߿ȥ˰ɣҪĻɹǼһġΪֹԬ̩⵽һİ칫һȦ˵ĺõһޡ
Ԭ̩æתȥ۴İ칫ң˴æһԼºһȥ¥顣Ԭ̩һδ۴Ͽ˻ңԼ͸ûˡǺ־ƾֶԸǵĻƵġ
ûܾһҪΪз֣Ժ͸յϡϣ̶һԬ̩ȥһ̽̽ڷ磬ǲԤǰ㡣
˵һӦòôȥٳйٳĹأһǳìܾ͵ؽĴֱӳ֡ĻƻϷĹ˵ȡһʱʤԺȻ⵽Ӧ˵״˶һΪһûƸ۵ʱ򣬵ǲ̫ģϾǵأɲǲأҲԬ̩Ͳסһһԭڡ
һԬ̩ĻԺµһΪ룬־ƵĴ죬ǾܳʲôϷһ˿ڲ˵ǳ̩ǲ˼ɣе飬ŮҲӦģһȻԷ̽ϢģһɴͲӣϸؽԼ١
ŶϼѽżҲǱߵġ´ٻȥʱңҲˡԬ̩ĵ˵Ŀľ˵һ磬ȷһûȥ־ǾȱǾͿԼʵʩ֮ǰѾ̶õļƻˡ
һ˶ԷıԺЩı֮⣬һϲŭɫˣڹٳעǲʲôΪġͳһ֧Ԭ̩ȻЦ˵ã´ٻȥʱһȴ绰̩ǡ
ãһΪԬ̩վ˵򳤣㹤æҾͲˣʲôʱʱһ۾ۣ
ãҵȳ̩ǵĵ绰һҲվЦ˵
Ԭ̩һһ֣Ȼ˵򳤣
̩ߣһվӣкһ䡣
ٳ֮ʣԬ̩ͻȻͣסӣعͷһ˵򳤣ع˾飬ϡ
ѽһ˵һûкǹͨأ˵Ҫڵίоأ
Ԭ̩һ֮漴ӿڵһ֧򳤵ģع˾ȷʵ׼ʲôʱ򳤹ȥӲһ¡Ԭ̩Ļզһȥǰţ༰һȻе˼۴Ѿǲ˼ʳһֵĹøع˾Ǿ֧ļƻĻۡ
ãʲôʱʱ䣬ȷʵ׼ȥŵĽһ˼˵˾˵Ѿ˰ɣ
ǵģھʣĹˡһʱ׼ʱ򳤹ָԬ̩˵
һЦ˵Ҿȥ㿴̸ָ
ãʱΪԬ̩˵ֺ꣬һ֣ת򳤰칫ҡ


һٶʮ ֮
˵μ濴ȥɡǢʵǰԽϾ˫˸Եļ룬Ŀǰ̸£Ԭ̩ҧҪʳֵĸ칤̸ع˾һ޷̵ġԺĵһ̣ôҲ޷ڱ˵£һεĹ˾ȥ˵ʵԴԺһԺйϵһжûʲô̫ġԬ̩һΪʲôҪع˾ȡأΪж󣬶ʱڣ˶ҶѾʧȥΡλᣬع˾һʳֵĽ칤̣˵ȫŤתҵ˳ɹǰΣֻҪӮʱ䣬ͨҺ˽ܡǶһֱùϵŻָյĶʢֻǸʱ⡣
һڰ칫ǰ㶣˽Ϊһˮ֮ʱ˵ղҿԬȥǱߡ
һ΢΢˵ͷСѾͷԽԽӦɫѾ֪ԹɫˣǸСĽ
Ժһ軹ǰĥ䣬һֹӣʵС𣿡
һ˵򳤣ŮƯĶģʲô˵Ժֻѹͷһʯͷʧˣ泩ѡ⻰Ӽ֣Ժ󣬾һֱѹͷôô֣Լ㣬ΪԼ˸ڡŮһǺģݵģĴʣֻڴеŮϲܼɴ˿ɼŮҪţǼ˾ġ
һһӲû˼ֻǻеػشǷʳǵģסӦ죬ڻʡ̨ߡ
Ҿ˵Ȼһ迪ĵ˵Ȼת΢Ц뿪һİ칫ҡ֪һĬĬؿȥӰֻĪ
ԺίίԱǾ¥Ļٿίᡣõһһ᳡Ȩɷϵ˵ָоüˣѹǶ˵ͷβ
֣˴ףѧϰʡί·йص跽ļһضϣʵ˼ھ֮ȥˡණﶼҲͲˣͷ˭˵ԼƨɵȫǸɾģνˮ㣬˵ľ
ڶǽص㣬ɴһ̸й򾭼÷չ¾ٴ룬ʵκǿϲǣͷǷݹڴСϺƷƺʹʳһֵı档
ڳ˶ú棬Ԭ̩۴ߵˣֻ©κһ֡һͨٴģҲȷʵ԰ڣͺһЩģΪ˷ֹ⣬ѡ˴Ҷöͨ
һԺó˵򳤺κԼһĶʲô뷨̸̸
õĻ󣬳һ䳡һĿǰŵ߸˵һһɨԬ̩һߵ˶ԾԾԣ׼˵úףʱû¹ʣλ䲿һ²ؼ߸߹ļƣɰ豭·ŻƵġ
˵ɡһ֮ģȿڵľȻǺ;ȫմߵļίǷ¡
˵ͷ˸ơ
º˿ˮһ˵򳤣Ǹϴ֣ҲáƷʲôģʲô˵òԵģ㲻Ҫ֡ϴγԹһĿѧˣû˵֮ǰȰһϡ
һû˵ֻ΢Цؿ˵ͷ
ҾЩ뷨ȷʵɹˣľá˵⣬¹ͣס죬еθڵ˼ͣ˴Լʮӣ˵ƻٺãɰܵĹؼȡִСҾⷽ棬ղ򳤵ǷļϽòʮ磬ڽʳ֣˵бķʽⲻϹ󹦷𣬸ĸ˾ֱӶˡ
ǵ˼ļҹ˾أһķʣնԷ
붼û룬ֱ˵Ҿع˾Ͳرҵһʵȫ̡
۴һķԺ󣬸ѻͷӹˣû뵽Ѿȿˣشû㲻˵򳤣ҾϷĻҲһĵϾбʲôģҶûһѡ
򳤴Բӣ֪ĸλ⣬Ӧöμӹбꡣһ΢Цɨڳÿһˣ˵ڵŵʱͲбķʽѵҶˣ
ô㡭»ճڣͱԬ̩ˣϷ̸бʱȥ￪ˣͱˡ
Ԭ̩ĻԺŷӦԼ޵ĵʶرսԼ͡
򳤣бĹУڱҵǲһб۴Цһ
һͬȵһȿǱصҵһ϶˵˼ԺľѾܸò
۴˼һᣬ˵ǣҾ򳤵ƻϵδչĴƣһҪء죬Ƕǵһοƻʱ䣬ôҶһ£ͬʱҲȥ˽⣬óȽпϵ
һ۴ĻԺ󣬶һﻹ˼־֮ģǵ͵Ļ֮ƣȴ־Ҳ۴컹ǸȻҲ˶Էе˼ҲһһԷҪȻûзɡ
һ̶ʱȷһţȶȥߣ˽˾ԺԼԺٽۡ


һٶʮ 
һӻҳʱЩΣԼŬûܹȡԤڵĳɹҲ˵ʧˣԷپٽһ飬Ҫٶµ㹦С
ӣһκǿϲֹһȥ׼ʳһֵǰ·Ͻʵؿ졣һȥʱһͿ¥СϺƣöûǹա޴źɫ˿Сȹڵſ⣬һһͣԷ龰ɷϵ˵ͬһεŮ棬ѾҲƷˣһӡֻζݵϰſԺ˵Ů˿꣬׺𣬿ŶУƯԸеŮˡ
һ뵽ŵʱ򣬾׻λصĲү˾ֳıһͷʰ÷ġһ֮Ĺϵȷʵụ绰ʺһһȹżԺ󣬳ʱԸԺʼͷٲ֧֣˵ϰӦȥкԼȥģһ٣ǶԶԷӦеء
һǾʮһصĺǴĴ֮գԼֵܵӦȥ°ͻؼԺսںҪˣʱԼȥǿģһ˵ʵ䲻رæµҲûʲôˮѵúúõϢ죬Ҳǲĸ
һԺ󣬼͸ĸæòɿЩϰ֮ģҲһͣھӵĴǶæǸģҲȻ
һһֵǰЩĴǣĸǰЩ֮У˵ЦʲôҲһ䣬Ǵһ䡣һúǲˬҲûа취ϰյͷٱλ˼ٹˣⲻĸһһϦܸı顣
֮ǰͺһ̸һɽ飬ߵǮ࣬ҪһľǮһȻû֪ĸΪ˿ν龫񻨼ҵֱȽϺãӺװ޶㶨ģôǼڽʱҲʾûҪ٣ֻ˵˾䣬֣ҪǲĻٸң⻹е㡣
ɵСӣ˵ʲôأЦ˵ô᲻أھͰ֣ҹȢˡ
ǺǣһЦץץͷʱĻľ⻹ͦģ´ȥӦʱһҪҸúøлһ³ѧһúοСԼѲ࣬ԶǷǳ˼ĺøǡ뿪Уôˣ֪մѧʱͬֹΣԼ١˵ǶѾţżһԾһһʹҲǳ˵ĳ˲
֣ãٽʱŵҵġ֣˵Ҫϣ̨أ쵼ע⣬˳ֱӰֻˣˣҲõȵںȥС֣Լ˾һʮŮ˻Ǻܲð֪ĶˣԼ̨һ۵ġ
ûΣ׼һӵ֣ĵ绰˳ϳԺ֣һ·ɱֻһͣʱ򣬲ŸոСʱ㡣
һôôʱ֣æõǰ˵ߵ磬ߵĸ٣ٶȱȽϿ졣ڱ̲סס죬֣һۣС˸߿ˡ
ϣһһס¼ң˵Сڻû˵Ӳڸոտ԰һٶʮƽףһ˷ܲѡ˺ܾò˯һҲ֪һǮ飬һֵܵлһıŪе㲻ӦֻԺһҪŬȡҲܻһһ̵ܽģ˵Ǵ磬Դһ︸ĸڵ£һġֵѾһֻ֮ǸСԱĲ˼䣬ȻһĻǷ
һֱһԴ綼ǺܾصġؼǵСѧʱһδΪԼ۸һĸٸˣǴӴԺҲû˸ֵ鷳Сѧʱһ磬ЩëͷСӶŵ˱ᡣ
һ˯ոµĴϣȴôҲ޷˯˵飬Ӧûʲô£Ƿȥ˯š֮ĸ鼫ãڴˣ˵Ӧøе˲Ŷԣȴ֪ΪΣһңе˱ѵǾİ֮֮Ҳ֪˶ãһʵ˯ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ˵ѣһѴæϴעǷæһ죬Ҫ˵һæòɿһҲûţææģ֣Ҫæ񻨵İ鵱Ҫ˵æĵȻЩʽһ٣лױ׼֮ģȷʵǺ֣ȻǰȻȫ̲룬û̫֮У˷ܲѡһεؼУʱ벻ѣԼɴһʱһ̡ױʱҪ񻨽˵˼ҵϣһʱᶼ˶ûκθı䡣ԱߵķԱСֹһ䣬գ
ϵĻĻХһݵʮĴ˵ûҲ˾ŲʮˡҵݱͲ٣ټھӣԼ쵼ⳡϵѣȻ١һΪзĴҪȥ´ǣ֮ǰú׼һд˸ӣú˼飬ô˵棬Ҫиʲôģɶˡ


һٶʮ ˼
ڻ缴ʼ֮ʱһϴΰԼæڵ¾Ȼ˽첽ӭȥڵ¾ߵǰ˵ֵܣϲҲ֪ͨһǲе㲻ص
һæ˵ϸ繤æֲҽ飬Ծûоǲ˼
˵͸صˣϰ嶼ˣʲôѽڵ¾װ˵ϰת֣˾ͲˡҲ֪ⳡе㡭˵ţ͵ݹһиһ
һæͷʾ⣬ȴɻѣڵ¾ϰҲس̫Լƽô᣿һ˺þãҲûͷڵ¾䣬æϯһڰλ֮ʣһݸ߸˹˵ڶӣ룬롣
ڵ¾һһͷ͸ݸ߸˹ȥ
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һһ֪ղݸ߸ǳǣͶˣ˲ʶڵ¾ܲʶһͷһɶ䣬ڵ¾ݣ˳ֻ̫ݸһס˺һᣬȻѸٵתķȥһһ֪׼ȥȥˣҲãҪǺ̫ߣԺһҵһᷢʵĸı䡣һȥɿ׷Щˮɵ飬Ҳɵȥܾ
ռȶĳɵؽţΪĵģһ⣬Ȼ˫ĸĸˡԼŮˣɼҵˣƺҵҸĸоķףҪúһϱϹģ̨ϳһҸЦݣ֣Сһһϣһ˳˼֪ףһɺ񻨣һδ˾Ͳö֪ˡ
һСʱھƵſл͵ʱʼվһߡһһ˼ҵ˼治һľѹ÷ˮġ
ڵ¾ȥδ¡ص˽ܣڵ¾һأȻҲҵغ񻥻Ƭڵ¾ʵƣΪֹûиһԼϰ徿ʲôϵϰӣһԼϰȴİýҿϵı鲻װģϰ֮ʲôϵĻϴǸԵ飬ԼָʲôأֻиٴһѰҴˡ
ڵ¾ߺæȥͳдһˣЩһһʶǶغһкмģӦúһѣһĸǰзǳԡһһƣ룬ô𣬲֪ղڵ¾ǺЩʲô
˶ߵòˣ˲پƵӲһһ£һļ˵һѽҪһܸɣҾͷˡ
̧̫ˣҸкܶŵ㶼ֵѧϰġһ֪еڣֻģػش
ѽһвٵŵ㣬дĥѽͳ̵ݸһһ֧һæΪϻԺ˵ԺʱɵöҿɲϣҵŮʼֻǸСԱϲ˵ƣ˵ȽֱɲҪ֣
ôأһ֮ɫ˵ϷģֻҪΧģһȥġŮҲҵĴѽ
ã仰˼ҾͷˡЦ˵㳶ˣСˡ˵꣬߿ˡһ̧ͷ֣Ȼ˹ǣӭȥһʰ
ڵŵңһ˲Żصҡһ죬ѴҶۻˣϴһϴ˯ˡ֣סһݣһȻֻܹˣҲܿ硣
ڶ죬»򸾻ţʢ£һһҶȥġ緹Ҳǽġʱ򣬼ͺȥϹ˹䣬񻨺֣Ϊ˲ٶЦǺϲ£죬һֵȻǸںķˡ
һ֣ų緹ԺߵģԺһɺҲԼСҡһԼãȹ죬Ѽ鴦Ժͺһȥһ˵ǱߵʱҲտš׶ξں֮䣬һһǱտһʮ꺺ӣ˺ʵڡһȥΣ˰ѻľþǱߵ飬ģһʱ᲻ȥҲûʲô¡
ʱȽϳԣ֣һֱһ͵˺ᡣȥǿеҪ˼֣Ҳʹ뷨һ֮󣬾ֱӵתͷʱ·
һʱ仹磬ҲûʲôɸɣǾϴ˯ˣλؼдĻ£۵òС˯ڴûһᣬͽ硣
Ҳ֪˶ãԼδδһһˣ񻹲СһһԾӴĮ̃ϡ¥µˮϣԺ󣬽һˮʱһɫɡǰƮǰɡ£ŮڼٸԸСȾõ֤ȻźǣЩʲôҲ˵®ɽĿ˿̷㲻ź᲻ŰͷŮһYY


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ǿ̧ͷһһЦСӣȻϴ翪ģˮôȥմմ
ٺ٣ⲻǱ쵼ԭһЦſЦ˵ͬʱ´ͳ̵ݸǿһ֧˳ǰΪ˻
ʲôʱģҸղȥʱ򣬺ûˣǿһʵ
һ߰ѳǿýݱ˵㲻ʱ͵ˣղ˯ġϼҵģںæеۣ
ŶҼǵҺ𣿡ǿʵ
ѽСýտӦѧһ˵벻ǿȻԼҵǵ˵ЩϵĶһԺצ۹ȥˡ
ղôһȥģɩӺʹأһʵǳǿĶӣ꣬׶԰
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һһƣǳԶٷбҪô
ˣ˵Ůˣǿ˻ͷôҲҳۣô׼ݲؽѽ
ûУ쵼ͿɾѰҿˡһЦ˵ˣǴҴææģûҵȥݻ쵼ˡ
쵼쵼ģҪǱ˴ΪϰأҪǽݼҿɵ𡣡ǿЦ˵ұճ꣬Ժͽг¸ɣ㲻óԿ˰ɣ
ѽ쵼һæӹ˻ͷ˵
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⻰һѾȷϳǿһҪһʲôԷһֱԼĹûбܵıҪǴ󷽵˵ǣ֮ʶҲǺ֪ġ
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ĵȻҲ˳ǿΪõί츱ΣȻһСȥƽʲôֻͣסŲһ˸Ķһ֪ǳǿԼһӣ΢΢һ֣ߵ˳ǿǰ档ǿһ֮ɫĺ档ǰһ龰С৵һӾͰˡ֮ǰֻӭӳǿʶؾͰԼ˸˵ˣ벻ڳǿҪõ⾿ʲôҪǸղŵ飬ϰ֪Լˡ뵽⣬ǽŲѣæಽظں棬Ҫŵʱæǰһšǰƺ󹧵ı֣һͳǿеҪЦĸоΣȻȥһسƽʲôҲʧǵݣʵô򣬻ҪģЩ۸ֵ͵ļһĿˡ


һٶʮ 
ƿԺĲǳǿһ䲻֪ô£֮Աæվ߱˵ϵܣϡѽ벻ܴݹ٣ӭӭ
һЦ˵ǣˣ䷹ģ֪Ƿ⡣
ѽ˳·ģ֪سǷӭǿҲӿڵվϺһ󣬰һģǰĶ˰ѸղԼıֶĻɾˡòף˲ٹϵųΪרְ飬ɲϣˡ
Σ˵ʲôֲǲ֪ϸҵ˼ζؿ˳ǿһ˵ϵܣ붼벻Ĺͣ
⻰˵һûԴϴһԺΣһԸˡ
һ֪⻰ƶԳǿ˵ģʵ˵Լǳһȭ˵쵼ҪڷʱڣǱһ㣬ʱɼ˼һϺúþ쵼
ǿ󣬽˵ٷɧһֵܲˣҪʱһġ
ʶԼղǻ˵еأæк˵λֵܶˣϸҾûǸ˼ֻжʱûкһֵܾһˣеġ
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ϵܣöԡӣѶ㿴Ҽһϵܣɶˣ
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һһԺͽһƬսУǿһȻ˴Ŀ꣬Ǻܺõذ˳߶ȣ˲ʱ򣬾ͳʹ˸ɫǾͿʼɱһǿ˱ߺȱġ
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Լֵܣ˵ôһ˵һɿԸȥͦ˵ġؼǵϴһȥϴ裬Ϣһµʱ򣬿ǱȻܾҴ˺ԷԷûٸӡ
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ƺƵ¥˵ݺܿſڡشֱ̨ǰһʮͷŮӭһЦȻ˵ϰ壬λ𣿡
ص˵ͷ
һ𣬻ǷֿŮӱ˵߰زǰա
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󣬵˵ͷ룬СǷɧǷɧ˵㣬òҪٱĻֱӽͷ
һǵһģԻеͷԵĸоֻиŮ˺ߵķݡǿİм䣬һֱߡ
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ϴĽǶ˵ĻƺĵʩһģԡءԡոµģװϴǺ˿ģࡢ뵶֮ҲƣСԡﳣЩ˽ֻ
һúһﲻð뷨ͷѹ˶˵ǮĶǴүϴҲǸָŵȳʦǱˣʮͷϵû˵һӡһΣ˵ûд¶ٹˬĸоȴþþûζƺĵĴҲȫپĿǰԣһ軹ϴ÷ǳġ


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ӳˮʦѸ˵϶ɾԼڿԺĵĶ̿㣬һԵĵȥ
˵ԺһհѵӴ򿪣һ֧̣׼Ϣһ¡ʮӵĹڵűƿˣһλű¶Ůӣ˵еĺɫ͸ȹɫһ࣬磬Ϊһѡģ˵ǸմӺǱ߹ĳһǰŮӣ룬ѹֶ˵ʱŮ˴·ʱȲ·ԸУǰλǸ֤ǲǳҲ˵ŮȻźǱ¶ϵıȴɬŹԺûһкĿרضŵӣҲǣҲǣе޴ĸо
˵ʵôԸеŮ˵ģǳһԼ޷滰ƲŮӵݲ̸ĿģԼܶǰŮһ¡Ȼ۾ŵӣһĴȴڸתţ˼Ӧǰ档
ŮӼһþûжĵСôһ֪ôȥ϶ǲеģŮ˵⿴ӣСʱٳȥģǮ԰ߵ㡣
ŮӱһĻеĪ˵Ǯؼģʲô԰ߵļ۸㣬ֶΪأص˵ͷһıһ˵ʵСְ̫һҪǮſϰݣĻԼֻжŶˡʱ򣬿²ε⣬֮䶼пܾʹַ
һץ̣ƿţ˴ڰ̨ŮӼһʼһ㶣˼֮⣬æ˹һһһл;ʵǰŮӺҲûгʱķɧˡ˵ӡʱΪһЩϸڶı䣬Գ˵һָ߼ĸԶ
һһ֧̣߿ӣƷ裬ҲʧΪһ顣ճ˰֧̣һԶԶǿ˹ղŻǿѵҲһǷİãĻԼԺҲҪʵһľ롣˵ڵµĻĹЩʲô˵飬һѾĵߣ޷ܵġ
ϵܣѾˣ಻ѽϸ־أǿߵһǰСؿ˾Ц̨Ů˶Ųæϣ˵ˡ
ǺǣҸղŻԼġһһڲ˵Ҷһʮ֮ڳ㿴ӮˣŸոʮ롣
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λɱͻ󡣡һһŬ졣˵⻰Ŀʵ֮̽⣬ǿԼԸ˲Ӧóһһǣ֮ĹϵԳƵĪ֮
ǺǡǿЦ˵ʵ˲ⷽİãô˴
һûпڣ֪ǿġ
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ǰСʱ֮ģı飬һ˸Ĳ档˵һ£ʧ꼰ĻɣһúǲˬȻм֮Ϊ顣ϻ˵ۣȺ֣һ㶼û
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һٶʮ Զ
ʱпտĵСӣȻѾߵһˣһæ¼ӿٶȡ̼һҽϼӴȣɣѸٵǰʻȥ
һ۾Ϣһᣬ糿һæңڶǲǲǹˣģҲûʲô룬ǲģǴ˸绰ФٻȥԼһ¡ФȻӦúˬ죬Ǻݺݵڿһ䣬һĴЦҶ˵绰
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һں˼֮ʣ°ѳͣ·ߣһǰ˼ֻӡϳݸһһݣ˵򳤣԰ӣ
Ҳû緹ѽһ߰Ѱʡ
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һЦЦ˵ϱĶ㿴첻֪æʲô㶼ΪҿôʱĳˣҲ硣
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ս칫ң͸˽һݺ˲裬Ȼһ㱨һЩ飬˼Ҫǩļһעı飬ûʲôһŷϴ֣ʱһܾıе죬˵ʲôԡ˵Կ﷦ζĹʱиŮתһȦǸ˿ĵ飬СѾͷʱĴе˳Բģ黨ĶС»壬ǺɫСɴȹеܲˣؼд֣˲̽ĳ嶯ɫĳͲ˿࣬ͺɫȹáЬӵرɫƤЬǰиССĺᣬЬҲңһվһ𲢲Եð١üܿĻ˵һֱǾ䣬ԴӼ֣ԺѾؾԺ׼ʡüܿеĪǵԼһ˵ʵʱĳ˿ǿ˺ðġ
һڲԺ󣬾ȥǱߣһԼ֮ǰ˼٣˹ˣӦùȥ¶棬һ棬ϴείûлýнء
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ٺ٣ϵܣֿɾԵѽЦ˵Ȳ裬Ȳ裡
˶豭һڣһߺȱ۾Ƴã͵طֶԷҲԼͷȲ衣ﶼǰЩǿ׻ĲҪ۵ص㡣
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һæɳǰŲŲһ̵ģÿһ֣棬λΪǿƵ򳤻ǺԼġǱȻڿ㿪ǵԭܼ򵥣䲻ȫͬ⣬ҲܿĿĵϣǲԥʱ־˵󣬰ɳ


һʮ 
һ͸ڿеɫ΢ЦԼãﲻӿһ֮飬ǰ˺еС˵ĺԼ뵽ĻƣԼ뵽ΪⱾԼľ֣Ϊ˵ãһۿеİϷȻӦֵ˸߿һۡһﲻһֵ뷨ԼһֱԬ̩۴ΪԼĶδؾͶԣҲĶԶߣǰ룬Ԭ̩۴һʧˣԼܺôѺõദȥ𣿿úܡѣͬʵ̫ˡһٵʱԼǰ˵ĶһԼ
ѽҲôġһֽһ֧̣һ˵ѾļˡҪֱӰѹ̸ع˾ȥĻɲһ⻰ʵ֮ǰѾ˵ģöһҪĿģҪȷرԼĹ۵㡣
⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣벻һ̬Ⱦ˼һжǿЭģֻҪʵԼ󻯣Ҳһ֮ĲͬȻʱ뷨һʢ־ںȻԬ̩۴һĹ۵һֱ˺ܳһʱԺ󣬲Ÿı
Ŀǰе㲻ֹѽǰ˸棬Ǳĸֻ߳䲿ܽĿйصŻ̬⣬Ųʡüͷ˵иˣǵµ㹦򡣡
һͶ̵Ŀ⡣
ûǵίϻһˡһĪӡ
һѣһίȷʵٸˣûпƳ¶棬æʣô£
һˣί쵼ĺˡֵ˵
һһȻеί쵼ָίίգλƳˣԼʱ䣬ôûϹأѵʲô顣
һͷˮ˵֮ǰǶʱ䣬е飬ȥˡ
һõĻԺһˣ˻յΣʲô飬һҪϵˡȻΪʱһƬңսڣܲΪҽһ£λͬµһЩһʵ
ǰģ˵ͬѧʱ˺һᡣ漴˵
ŮģһŷӦǱʶһֱΪƳǸԡ
ǵģŮԣ˵һѡУÿЦؼһ䡣
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һĳ˵С״ܸȤκ˼Ҳ˵ȻҲûȥĵһ˵ھͰԼƲ˿˼һ֮䱾ìܣܲڻָȥ佨Ĺɡ
λ䲿һ֮ǰҲФ˽⣬˵ФƷǺ䲿ϴҪƽһǻֵ顣һйˣФĻ˵ȫôװ棬λ˵ϻϸһһ֪佨ӲԺֱӾ䲿ʱļɲͣξļӦΪ֮ǰһСģУ˶ƷطԺ󣬱˵ǡ򳤣ФƷҲûʲô취ôأҰһҲǳ⡣
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üһıԺҲе˵ȥ֮ǰ˾˵Ҫϣѹصģ˾飬Լȴ˦ƹ񣬸Ц˵ϵѽϸǰĪˣຣɣǱߣȥкȥͲѩϵһ¡˫£ϣյһЧ
ѩ˭һһûзӦĿɿڴؿá
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һõİ칫أ͵һŮ򳤺ãͬʱֻǰһɫӰ̧ͷһǸĻ÷꣬һЦ˵һ䣬á


һʮһ ˳ת
÷ŤŷΣ¥ȥˡơơƣ¥ϴнĸ߸ЬôһתԼİ칫ҡ
ߵ·ߣӦǴԬ̩İ칫ģǶ˵ôֹһοԬ̩ϵѵʸ֦ˣҲ֮У˵ѾüŮˣ˵ıӻӵĹٳȥ㰲״׷󣬲ô÷궼׷ŮˣҪĻҲͲίˡھʮڣྩһЩУҲûж̡Сʲôģ˵Сسˡ
һܲеԩ÷ˣ֪ľܵĵһûĵ̨ôȥû˱ǸˣϼһŮӸսġ
ؼǵ´ԼһԺǸϣظ޵Ů˽ҵţ˼Ҫ˵˵û£ֻǳȥʱܸͷѡ֮ʣͬһŮӲ֪˵˾ʲôǵˣȥһ͡÷꿴ŮѪ˿ȴʲô˵ֻһصǸ˵ԺҲˡߺ󣬻÷ôôǸ;ǴԼģо˼ԲˡΪˣһΣڲûгʲô顣
ڼίȥʻĵϣظٴιļңϴα͵ǸŮˡ÷Ծط֣Լڼί˵ÿ仰ظȻǳ·ʱֳһ㡣˻÷꣬Ǯ˵͹ġߵſ֮ʣ÷ؿظǸŮ˵βݺݵŤһѣ˵ֻҪٻٲġŮŵЦظһڡ
÷һŻģҲ˿뷨ˡ˵ΪʲôƵسԬ̩İ칫ҲԼģֻǷ¶ѡܲˣԬ̩Ǻ޲ðϵ·ȫ˵칫ҵǳŵģǵԬ̩ǲǿƲסȥԺԼˣӦûֵҵģܲܽ˵ˣҪ뱣ȫԼӣҲ̫סĺ̨ܹסԬ̩ţ񣬵ԼĶȥĺ̨أҸ˼ˣҲδؾܰѾƾǸܺõӣԬ̩ĲӬһܡҲǸŮӣúĹϵԬ̩ʹ֡Ԭ̩èһ㣬㣬ȥֵϵɨ㣬ҲһȤĳ
һԼİ칫ǰ͵ѩ᲻ĺͲܳϹϵԼǵµʱ򣬲һ䣬˵иʲôߣһչˣɾڻճڵ˲䣬·͵ʲôƵģס˻ͷԺ󣬸ָһ硣ҪóȻĻԵñȽͻأһһ£ȴ绰񿭷ɴ̽һ¡
񿭷ɽӵһĵ绰ǿģ־ݰء־ȥİ칫ң񿭷ڳͳ졣ӵ绰Ժ˳һƬ¡ҲΪͬʱ˵ԵʣһûкȦӣֱӿżɽطʡ񿭷Ҳûһʧ˵ѩĸ÷ãһֱһһл󣬾͹˵绰
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֪˲ѧһˣҸʱԸһֱ뷨Ҳε绰ǡɲ飬Ҳ͵
磬һʹ绰Ͳϵ֪ԷҪ־ȥݣȵĲʱ䡣һæ˵ʱԷĵشӦˡһԷ𸴵úˬ죬ǿܲܰѲƳһϡ΢΢һһᣬˬشӦˡ
һҪһԼͲĹϵǸطһ棬첻˵ĻʱҪᣬɴֱһ㡣
ܹӦʵҲԼĿǡѩ绰ôҲǰ취˵ĿǰѾ䶨˵˫֮ĽûĽ뿪λ˵Ҳʲô¡ѩյ˼ʱҪȥ˵ǵȴʵĻᡣ˼òѩ룬ıȡ档ͨԺ󣬶Բѩ˵ʱżٿģԲǰȥʲôġ
ѩе˼ǾյĻе㲻ףŴ绰ġʱѪԵϵȷʵҪһЩνİ顢Ҫõö࣬˲ĻԺ󣬲ѩֻůġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ˸绰ѩѩ˵ҪԷҲһ˷ܣԼͷӵˡ
ٽ°ʱһӵ֯ײƵĵ绰Էһھǹϲһһ֪Լ򳤵ˣ˵лײ˵糿ͻµϡһٴε˸лԺ󣬲Ź˵绰
˭ֻ֪һʽϾֻлһֽԼܳΪʵ򳤣ӶΪƼɲԼ;ӦҲǱȽϹؼһһ£ƵѶȲõݵʱ򣬵˴ЭҲ𣬵ӸƵƵѶȾҪöࡣٸ򵥵ӣĲίֳֺֻܶ࣬һֳһġЩֳУм˳Ƽأ


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СӵϢͨҸյõϢûаСʱһû˵ҵһʱ뵽㣬һԹǳԱ˳ŵġ
ٺ٣ˣˣƽˡФЦų˻⣬ˣȥĶԣݣ
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һ˵ûѽΪѽѧʲôôһԺ۾ǰ棬˫ֽס̡
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һܻ𳵣Ҳúƽϣ濪Լĳ
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Ф֣мӣ仰һûФǰἰй֣ݣǿ֮ĹϵûǸҪǶԷûʼԼܲȥ˵ɣ԰ڵɡ⻹һԭͨФϢݸŷ٣˵ʲôĿģû߶Է
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ģҵļʻȥɳФĻû˵ֻ꣬صһɣɵǰһʯ顣
ɪ۾ŵ·һû˵
Фܲղǿǲʵǲ˵ؿ
Ф濪֮ʣ绰ͻȻˣóһٻġͨԺԭǸФߵҽӣʱŷҲФҶϵ绰Ժ߶һ䣬Ů˻鷳


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ФֿٻһۣͷԼᣬҲû֣ɤ˵׼ˣʱǿɵѽ
ŷ΢Ц˵ףأףأ
һһ׼ûУרĳţţ͵һ⻰һûӦʳõĻҪˣ˭


һʮ ֮˵
һĻ۹ۼϣФǺ޲ȥһһ˵ı֣֪ղԼǻʵúܳ⣬æһ˵ٻҵ쵼ҵ̽һСǲǳĵġ
ǺгĵģˡФæ˵ҿɲеˡ˵⣬͵ɲס˳ˣҲѾˡһŷٵ϶һƬ֮ɫٻݺݵһţ˵˵ͱ˵û˰㵱ưˡ
ФʱһٶʮĺڣѳڣղҲҳԽͣԽԽڡ
ٻФһкһŷٳԺȣҶڽرŸղŵ֮˵ʼջزȥղŵɺг֮У˶죬ܲζ
극ԺФȥ裬ٻŷȫޣ˵칤еˣ컹һ飬ȥˡФȻٻе˼һ˺һ·ϣ˭û˵Ф֣滺˹˲ŷ·һࡣ
һų⣬ݼŵĺɫӰＫƽʵФ˵Ǹ⣬ѿӦŷٿ˵΢عػէСݺһ֮һĬĬعעҪʱسһᡢԸСƽŮˣԼȴ޷Я߽ĵá˵ŷپܾһε󣬵ע֮Զʹ챻Фἰʱһв֮С۾Ŵ⣬ȴĻȫռݣ֪У۽Ƕһ˿ʪ֮С
ٻԺһŷһŷٵĳФٻǰǵĳʻԶԺٻݺݵФФҲΪԼ֮кڣٻ˵ʱһҲûпԡ֮ǰٻŷϵһ£ҲϣԼĵһ仰һŷ֮ʲô⣬͸ϼˡٻҲʶأǾͲ˵ˣϾʱҲǿЦģֻûעѡ
һŷڳϣĬУ˭ûȿ˵ٵСķʻȥҲܲѹֵķΧҲȷʵĴΣһתͷŷص˵㣬Բûá
һĻŷٻ͵һɲѼʻɣɲ̶̥ͣĦ𣬳еҪƮȥĸоһĵؿŷ٣ıĺ֮ܳ⡣
ͣԺŷתһ۾öûпڣأأһ㴽ѹȥһӴ֮ܵŷٵ飬ĵ˹˺þúþԺ󣬲طֿŷ˵·Լѡģ㲻ҪֻҪ֪ң㹻ˡ
һԺֻһ֮ӿͷ漴ŵˣ§סŷ٣һ˿ϢĸоԺһɿ֣ŷԼеʪĸоûȥΪ֪ҲǰܸԼĶ顣˵ж᲻ᵯŷپȻõһΪµᣬôϧأ
ŷ·һҲƽΪԼһ֧̣ѳһسСԺһûǰ³ǵŷٷźóԺһ¥ġŷ֪ͨԼһЩʾǿĵؽ§סһĸ첲
Ժŷûпƣֱ˵һĻһǡԺ󣬲ŷֿŷ˵Ҹ·ȥϴɡ
һ˵ͷ͵ʲôƵģһץס׼תȥŷ٣˵죬һϴ
ŷ󣬺߲ѣһֱ쵽ӸͷŪԼ½ǣһ״ƵȻ˵ˮȥ·˵꣬ŷͬ⣬תȥ
ŷ֪һ˵̼˵֮䲻ǷޣϵӦòڷޣһ룬Ҳûʲôúߵˣǣˮ򿪣ԡˮһȥʱΪŷһԸе¡ӷʱǹ΢Цͷ︡ŷٳ£վǰ龰
ԺһŷѾʼˮˣǵ⣬ĵذ·ŵһߣŷٲԸ⴩Ըе¡
ŷת̽ˮ֮ʣһѸٵذϵ·ȫѸɾˡŷϤϤѾ֪ڸʲôˣϸˣֻȻ٣ͨͨģдɤ۱ĳơ֮䱣ܹϵѾһʱˣһ㶼ڽеģǿ³ԵʱŷٵĽſ֪
һϵԺ󣬼ŷöûתǾǰԳۣ§סŷ١ŷٻһ̱һĻ֪ĸһ˵ӱ§סŮˣ׼˵⻰е䵱һ§ŷļˡ
ŷٴʱѽ˻þ


һʮ ر
ŷ֮ʣһĵؿʼжȹĺôʱֳˣֻҪҸµһĶɸơ
ŷǳ׵ʧˣֻ֪һĶֱԡˮһѹ
һ˼ʵŷ٣ﰵ⣬ԼıﻹǺɱġһֵʱˣһԼϴһŷϴæòֺһƬáŷٲʱһĵץס֡
ϴһһ̲סˣǰŷٱԡף򵥵ذ˵ϲһȻֱӰ§ſٵȥһ׼ԡ͵زģǿռʵ̫Сټŷֲϣʱ򷴶ˬ
ŷӵԺһȥ֪Ѿʲôˣڸղ§֮ʣѾ̽˶Է̴ŷٵһһʱ˷Ļһ㡭ŷĶ˷һòСǽжСһ㣬ɻûָֻԭ
Ҳ֮ǰ˴̼Ҳʱ䶼ûô˶һرĳ־ãСʱŷѲظ˵԰ģʱ̫ԺҸ轵һеȻζǡŷٶʱֻ쳣ѣ˫ֽץסϯĴԺԲʱһ£һе㵣ģǲǳʲô״ƽһŷ֮ǰ˵ҲܳһȫǳԺˡ
ŷæ´ս΢¹⣬һָղµλþһƬˮաŷ˺üֽŲøɾһ󣬿Ц˵ղŻ˵ҪҪģô˷ܳ
ŷߵͨ죬ݺݵǰŤһ£˵˭֪췢ʲô񾭣ҩһ
ΪˣҪҿսһƤ˵
ŷתȥСֹԵһԲأ
ٺ٣ղŲǽеͦһ˵ߵһ̡֧
ڴ˵˵ЦЦһʱϮŷٵĹؼλһٴ鶯һζ˴սڶιһʵˣ˵ͷ˯Уһﻹ߶٣ҶԲס㣬ҵԶ㣡
һû˯ͷõĵһǴ绰£ίӡŷټʱ䲻ˣҲ緹ˣϴһ¥ֱ˳
Ժŷٰһǿ£ͷȥһε꣬Ҫӣһ붹̫󣬽Ҫúòһȶġ
һ緹Ժ󣬼ʱ仹磬ҲûжʮӲܵǾȻԼᡣڴϣ򿪵ӣĿĵؿһ̨ʱ򣬼ڲţͣһṦ־Ƴھͷһϸһ֪ǹں׼ؽе飬־Ѿ׼ĵظˡʱԼӦⷽ£һ˭֪Լ־ƵˣϰҪȻӦóǰ棻һ棬Լ˵γһκõĻҪץסˣһ쵱
һڳ˼֮ʣֻȻһ¥¹õ绰ĺ롣֪´ģԷѾˣһæץ¥ȥˡºǻ飬Ժ󣬼һ·ߣǾȥ˸õ绰˹ȥӦ׵ķˡҪȣ쵼Ȼֲ֮ӣðȻȥȻ㹻ˣһ쵼ķҪи˽ʲôģײˣ˾ҲɵͷˡԣǲҪ˵˾쵼ˣۣʲ٣вٵˮʵжиеĸʿ࣬ǵͣʱǲΪ֪ġ
һ³Ժ󣬼ڹվڳԣﲻһ̾˾Լһ֮١һ¥ˣæӭȥӹһİЦ˵򳤣ϲˣ
һЦЦ֪ԼʽΪ򳤵ϢѾˣ˵úøɣ㳵òҲҪ೤ۣŪƾʲôģЩõġ
ǣ֪һ˵⻰ʲôĿģһ˵ȷָ쵼Ļʲô˼벻ûϵؼҪжҪ쵼Ļ㶼⣬㻹õſ𣬸ɴ쵼ˡ
سԺһǷҪ񫣬һҡҡͷ˵ƺȶˣеۡеģ˵ǲǾƺȶˣǾҪʺˡص֣˳٣ɣƽǰʻһڳϴһµıӼᶨԼ뷨ںʵʱһŸλãӦΪԼáʶжȣҪ˵һĿԱеĹɼɲҲһϵϡҪ֪һôߵۣһѳ÷
һڳ۾ȥڴʵͷڿǣô־׼ؽеĻᣬΪԼĽʳһ֣СϺƷƷ˵ˣν˻ᣬҳʵɳסԬ̩۴һ˵졣


һʮ ٵ
ʾ֭һ˼ԺԾûʲôߣĿǰиϢǰѲѩвӦòʲô¡ڹؼľǸ䲿ûʲôð취Լͬƽһ㣬ûκνӣҪ£޴֣Ʋѡ
ĿǰҪܽȨУĻƱƱúԼϾǵһ֣Ϸ¶Ӧòʲô¡Ĺؼǣ˭ܱ֤䲿ʱȨأһԬ̩£ȥʱ򣬸ûԼʲô£ģƻֱӾ͸ˡʱһ治֪ԼӸĶˡ
Ժһӳһһ칫ȥҲ֪ԼУȷ£һ·ĹԱͷʾ⣬ϵЦݱոΪǫͷûд֣ǲһ˴¥ԺһίίԱ䲿ܽԼǰ棬ﲻһɻһ㶼䲿Ǳϰ࣬ѵùôһ͹ˡһæǰ˸кܽ迪ʼһ㶣漴ͻָ˳̬һ˵Ц̸һ룬˺Ҳûд˵еôβ԰ȡ˼ġ
ϵ¥Ժܽ貢ûȥԼİ칫ңֱӽõİ칫ҡ̸ģѹһܼҲ֪ʲô飬һܹһﲻɻ󡣽˰칫ԺرߵĶҲ˼˵˾䣬򳤣æ͸
һһһ֣ԼߵŮ飬ۣҲȷʵܸɵʵ£ֲԹɫԼȣй֮޲˵ͷװ˵Ҹղź䲿ܲһġ
迴һڴģ˭֪һóһļĿմ˼Ѿûˡ迴һһװģľ룬治֪ЩٵôģԼĸһԣлֱ˵ҪĨǵذʾһǷѾԹ鱧Թϰ˼͵ȥִУֻҪסܽͿˣ⻹Сһװģһϣϻƣһûʲô߶Ҫ׼ΪŮأ
ֻʮӣܽʹõİ칫Ҵҵ¥ȥˡæ߽칫ңΪһıˮȻ˵һ䣬ȥˡһ̧ͷ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˼Ѿ֪ˡ迴һı飬װһͷС¹һСһ죬ת˰칫ҡһıԺֱһĪ룬ʲôҲûѽôߵı顣ҪǴʱˣΪҰôأǵʱԼƺҲϴѽ
һϰ˻ᣬѾԼİ칫ˣվõİ칫ȥ
˰칫ԺȻؽӴ˿˵޼սѡһ⣬úھֱ˵ղ䲿λǹٵģӵķβַˣȽأҽѾˣֹۣ׼ȥӦ쵽ʡҽһϡ
һһ⻰һһʲôòҪҲҪʡҽȥҪ֪ʡҽԺĹƷβȨڣԺĹ˲״ǻĹβƵȨ˼ѾʮˣԼһߣΪҽͱѲ֢һλ¸صרҡ
һ󣬿ãһᣬǿ˵ǣҾһᡣ
Ҳôģ׼绰㣬ǲʶʡҽרѽε˵ʵҲ뵽һ㣬ʱҪǳְܽĻѩ̿ؼҪǸʵ
һһ֧ԺһŨŨ΢΢Ц˵ǣȥһԣô
ѽа취þϲʵ
Ҳһԣܲܳɣ˵һҰѻ˵ʵʮİգ÷֥ôǿıҪ㶨飬ʮþȡ˵ǲԸæһһ㶼ģƲ֣Ĺϵ˵ͳԼ־ƵˣҲԻġ
Ǻѽһԣ㲻ɣٱǷˡֹ룬ǽ˵ܸо
һվ˵ȥ绰˵ҪȥӦһˣߵǶٵˡ
û£ȥɣվһ͵ſڡȻϣһİ칫绰Ҳ֪ǲܵ飬˭ԸԼĹϵͱ˷أ˵ʵһ㣬Ǹ˵ܣǹӲĹϵ˵ǨҲΪ
һõİ칫ҳԺ󣬽Լİ칫ң̹ţ÷֥ĵ绰ߵ˵Ժ÷֥ˬ˵ɣס糿˽Ϊ߼һ£ʲô⡣
÷֥Ļһپһм֮ӿͷվֱӣ˵һ䣬ɩӣллˡ
÷֥ЦȤҿûС֣ôò
һǺɵЦټԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰


һʮ 
ͳĵ绰׼ܽ绰˼Ժ룬ַˣȥһˣЧʹ绰ȥԲһԼʮŰݶˣҲһݣ뵽⣬һкһȻ󼱴Ҵҵ¥ȥˡ
һߵ¥µʱ򣬿ڲԶ²첽ȥҲһӭһߵǰ˵е㼱£ҳȥһ¡
õģϰ壬ϳ±˵߿Ϊһ˳š
һԺ·˳ʵϰ壬ȥĶһʣһסˣղżææ¥ȻԼͲ֪ܽļĶ
һ˵㿪绰ʡ˵꣬һͲͨõĵ绰һѯԺܽҵĴλãָǰʻȥɣʻʮԺ󣬻ˣҵܽļҡһӳǰӣﲻһᣬͲΪ£ܽ裬ԼҲһְһѡһǰֵһש߷Χ¥γĶԱȡ⾹һίίԱļңС˵ӦҲҪ쵼ˣȻס˼ªһòλ䲿Ŀ࿴
һԺţƿ˽ȥֻſһλݿµ긾ŮڷһһľҿԣܽһĴĺ󱳡һ󣬸Ůֹͣ˿ԣܽµ̵ۣ׼ȥ͵ؿߵԺŵһپһ죬̵ۣ첽ӭ
ǰԺܽʶһ֣ͻȻԼָոջ̵ۣæɾһ˲䣬һѾץס֣գҲûɿʱһͷȫû˵뷨Ƿĵرǰ˾֮飬һ˶һ˵¾ĥѣĲңǸ߹ٸ̣ƽգȥԣܽЩСȨȴԸȥõģѡĬĬȥԳеˣȷʵֵء
򳤣ôˣ㿴ҵáܽȷʵһΪже״죬
һЦ˵ܲ㲻ҪæˣҾͺá˵һƨԺСϣСǰŲŲܽŴ˸кɩӣãܲͬ¡Ů˿һŬؼһ˿΢Цĵһͷ
ܽѾ˳һ裬˫ֵݵһϡһ΢΢һЦǰ䲿ĶпԵ֮⣬룬˿ˣʹ绰ЧԲͬն
һһ裬˭ûп˵ܽӿܸղһˣ۾ϢûмԡֺڲԺһͳݸܽһ֧漴վԺȥ̵֪ܽĻᣬлԼ˵
˵Ժܽǰһ̡һֱʾл
ɩⲡǸʲôһеʡ
ʱ򣬾еԣҲû̫⡣ܽһ˵ŮʱҪпסںҲû̫⣬ϵҲ࣬ԾôˡŮпԺҷ˲Ծͺȥҽȥʱˣ˵ûʲô̫⣬˼ˮ˵ҩǺõˡԺԺûַˣֺȥһʱ䡣ϸڣҾȥǸ£ͺȥݣʱ˼飬˵Ҫ
˵ԺһԸоܽ˲ǰһļ
Ȼ˵Ǹܽ費³֣Щʵĸоãż˵ܣҲţǰúõģʲô¶ûС˵ţڴؿһ
һæ˵ᣬûµģûµġʵǳЩ˵£Щͷ죬úõģµ׵ʱ˵Ѿˣʱ⻰Ȼܽĸǰ˵ʱܽҪǹ¾ΥĵģҲΪȼһ˿ϣĻ⡣
˵׼ɩȥӦ죿һܽƽһ㣬ʵ
ǣұ׼ȥˣǾϹȥҲ£ټҪ٣Ծȥܽ˵
һ˵ҪȥӦ飬һȥʡҽиˣǲܰæܽĴԺһѾȥһˣ֮ǰкĿģһҪԼܰһǰ꺺ӣʹ䲿
ܽȻһĻжˣһӶ֪ڹٳ켣ôһνȥӦе飬ֻһ˵Ƕѣ׼ְԼԽжؽסһ˵򳤣ллˣô˼˷ʱأ
û£ܲ˵ȥӦе飬˳·һȥʡҽһһ߳жô˸еӣΪ˰ܽѹɵ˵
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ܽæ˵лίĹģĳм
һæҡҡ̶֡ʮȥӦ죬Сʱĳ̣ǶʱӦøպøҽϰʱ䡣һ֪ܽһҪʰ׼һ̶ˣתȥˡܽҲûкףһԷŲڡ


һʮ Ӧ;
ϳԺһ˸绰ãߵ⣬ֶ䣬һȥӦʱһҪչ˺ܽķˡһȻͷӦʣе㲻ˬĸоղõһеǻʮ㡣
չõĵ绰ֻ͵ˣһһ֣ĺ룬Ҳ֪Ѿͷʲôá
ιãһһ˵ǰ棬ɲ˼˵ʲôĻ
ʲôѽôŮ˵á绰̴֣һԹ֮
ڳأŮѡһС˵
֣һһе˼Ͽ϶˾ڣ˵̫㣬һֱͲһ¿˵㲻ǻῪ𣬻Ҫ˾ǲǵСҿĻе֮Ա·ԼĿһľ̬һ㡣
˵˰ɣһԸϺȥԼ׵ǰԼûӡ
֣Ҳһе˼˵̫㣬ҲٺЦʽ˵֥˵Ӧ죿
һףԭ÷֥绰֣ղŻú֣һϰʱ䣬ǲ绰ġѽҺϵ䲿һȥҽԺ֥æһشһ㣬ûϰʣǸ֣һ֥㡣
ʲôʱ򵽣Ѿüˡ֣ڴ˵
һһ㶣룬Ķ⻰ǲ˵ڵģҪ˵Ļ֣ƻһŶǴҵһشʱʡҽҰɣ⣬绰Сã˵Է
ãСͷİɣһ㶨֣Ļϲ˵СѾͷҪ֪׼ֻˡ
СѾͷ˭һװʵ˵Լ𣿡
ѽ˵á治ףǹװѽСѾͷأĶСˣ֣ʵ
ССȷʵСһѹ˵
֣ʼûе˼ϸһƷζе壬ŭɫǣ˵꣬߷ߵعҶ˵绰
һԳЦЦҲߣɫƺŷٺ֣ۣͬҲѾϴϰΪ
һʱѾˣǾȥ칫ˣԼҲжҪʰһ£ϴ·ϴƷ֮ġȻɣҲ಻㣬ʱ˿̣ҪиŶãЩС£ĶҪԼԶ֡һԼФٻҪԺﾹʱʱҲһ˿Ҳֻż֮ˡ
ԺһڴһԼ˼ղܽһе㼤ͷһƬңҲ֮Уڵʱ龳Уܱ侲ģôҲԼδ֣ΪСڿͨ£ܽ£Ѿʲô£ټڲƶ£ѩļҲӦָտɴǵܱ£Ԭ̩۴һͲԼʲôвˡ뵽һһʱоΪɵʱ̡˵ڵطͻʱʱ򻹲ΪȻˣ֪еļѣطȷʵˣܳһЩ쵱ʳֺСϺҪǸ˵ĻһĶҲᱻĨɱ
һڴһԺ󣬰ԼĶʰãʱˣ¥ȥˡʳԺʦǺǲ죬û°ʱ䣬ôԷˡǺɲѣûһǰѯʡʵĻ׼ǴԽˮˣ˼쵼ʲôʱԷһʲô£ֻҪѷ׼þ͵ˡ
һյʳԷʱ򣬻㣬ԺҲû롣εУҲڵײе
ʮһʮһ׼ʱܽļңİɣɾͣſڡһ³Ժʾ¾ͰѳͣǳԱߡһԺ󣬼һ˾ģܽ˶Ҳæȥæܽæ˵򳤣ãҲûʲô
һûпڣһȥܽ״ҲֻգӵԺȥԺٻعͷһѾ˳ɣһǰһʻ˳ȥһĳǰܽĳں
˺ôһṦ򣬳˺Ժܿ˸١ʱɣɵԽԾչֳˣЩܱȣһĻʲôģֻܹԹԵˡ
һ·糾ͣݵʱһֺ֣ϵһΣ֪÷֥ѾҽԺŷٶ΢㣬Ȼ۾ľ˶ʱᵽɴ˴ĺ˵ᱳʹһΪʱеʱ򣬿νִ˲ƣʱ֪ΪΪ֮ɶ˻֪ɽлƫɽУ˵Ķ
ںһܽʱȴûһ£һҪйעӵһ滹Ҫ㵽ӦԺֵܳĸ״еһҽԺŮҽȷ㰮ǵĹ۲죬ǡҲǡҪһĹ۲졣
ļ鶼ˣʲôרһҲˣôյĽۻǿܡأҪ֪ܡҪ˵ġܽʲôҲûкλνר˵ֱʰɾ˶Ͱ˳ԺôҪõһȷش𰸣Լ˵õľʲô֢ҩ㶼֪ʲôﻹ̸Ƶ⡣


һʮ ˳Ժ
ӣܽ治ǸζԼ˲ٵĿ࣬ԼڲӵʱҲ˵صطˣҲûʲô˵ԼһίίԱɷֹܵĿӿʵʵڵˮţټԭԻȽǿԬ̩ҹΣװƵӦ˹ȥȥһЩ캦飬ɲҪĻҲ䵽һСҪ֪һģؼ䲿Ĵڣǿίίʵʵڵί쵼
һĹƣܽ˼ֻصʵС֮ԲذԼеĿĲͨʱĹ۲죬Сӡ㲻ٲǿίӵģʵʵġǰ˵׼ʳֺСϺڿԼһΪ¡׼Ԭ̩۴ʹˣЩһֻԼǵ棬Ķȫķչ˾ÿҪھ棬һͱ
ȿȡȿȡһߵͻȻҵĿܽæͷչ
һҲ֪˯˶ãʱ򣬿ѵŽˡÿοͷϵĹũһľͲӿһ󼤶֮顣֪ԵɣȴʵʵڵشţһֱźͬʱһָоΪˣѲʹֺ١ֵĻشǿ϶ģֻһΪȻӡ
˴Ժ󣬾ͽӦһǵʡҽŴŵ·ߡһ£Ȼжȷġٴβ֣ͨĵ绰֣˵Ѿ쵽˵ʱ򣬿ĵ˵¥ſڵȡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһŷԼˣӦһǰѾͬնˣ·ϵĳӱǰ˺ܶ࣬ټһɵϰĸ߷ʱڡ绰Ժ󣬹˽СʱǵĳŽʡҽĴţ⻹ûж³¡
˴ԺһԶͿһ̶ȹ֣ŽĴ˫ɫĸ߸Ьֱ˵ۣڴ֮Աһͣ³³Ժæ⡣֣æٵܹǰԺſ˫۾׼˹һæҡҡ֣ͬʱָεָָ֣ʱʶԼʧ̬ߵͨ죬Ťվһߡ¼״֪ȤذѳһߣɲΪС£򳤷ˣǵʱɵóԲ˶ߡ
ܽĳһ塢׵ĵطͣӳһŮվһߣѾµŮӵݡ˶˵򳤵ŮӦģԷ顣Ѿһ֮ˣҲֻŮһŮܽ˵
Ҹһ£λ䲿ܽ裬ܴ硣һЦΪ˽ܡ
֣æһĻͷ˵ܴã
һһ磬ܽǸжæ˵򳤵ŮѰɣƯãá
һæΪܽ˽ܣܲҵŮѣ֣ĸҲһλˡ
ŶڡܽһĻµе˼˳ʵһһ˴ˣԵ޹ʵἰԼδ˵ġ
ڣڲӣڻʡڰʡ֣˵֪⻹ģûἰְ֣
һСѾͷһݾ֮ģ浣һ̧֣ܽһϹȻҲ²óһʮ껹ھˣõһʲôλá
һԼ˵ԭ򣬾ܽ裬ھһ飬ԼҲбģ˵ˣĿĻԷһġͺ͹ȥаһҪûô˭ԸȥɣȻ˺ôҲԸģҲڡҪôС˰ڣѵк䣬ǧŴء
֣ܽ˵ܸ磬ɩأ֥Ǳ߶Ѿźˡ
ܽһ滹Ӧƺ˼һŮеôȻԼʲô˼ģæ˵ڳͷ
֣æ߹ȥܽȥӣϾһŮͬ־һ಻㡣һ֣ͷСѯʲôﲻԼδϱֵΪ˳һˡ
¥סԺ˵ֱ¥˵ţͼһϮµ÷֥վڵҽ̨ǰ档֣Сһ֥㣬һҲæеɩӣá
÷֥֣һۣЦ˵Сѽǿ㵽ˣٲе˾Ͳ¥ͨˡ
֣һֱ쵽˲Ӹ˵֥㣬ȡЦҡ
һ󣬲΢΢һ֣漴Ϊ÷֥ܽ˽ܡ˻ͷʺԺ÷֥ǽ˲һĲóӦVIP֮ġܽ迴һ֮̾ǰѾʡҽβ˵סԺˣǹҸţҲô׵顣֮ǰ׼ĿľǹҺŶӣڴ㿴ϣ벻һİ£Ȼס˵䡣˵ã̫ĵģϾһĵίίԱ취еġ
÷֥ǰٺԺ󣬾뿪ˣʱڰϡ֮ǰһǣѾ͹˲״ϵˣһ͹ȥܽ˹˲״Ժеļ֮Ҳβסˣһس÷֥˵лл˲״Ĵŵ˷βԺ׹֪ĿǰҽѧβƷ̩
÷֥ߺ֣ܽ£Ϊһƻһ֮ǰһһʻڲܽ״ǹⲻȥ鷴ˣҲһʱȥлߵһߣ֣һæ߳˲


һʮ ˼һ
ϣܽͳһ֧ݸһм˵ֵܣллˡҲˣԵü⡣
ϸ磬˵ҿɾͲˡ糿Ҿ˵Ƕڰ棬˭һûиССѵģ֮е顣һ˵ͳΪϻ
ܽҲûãʱٽٳһ׾Եˣֵ̺ۡܽ˵ֵܣղλŮҽ㿴ǲҪ˼һ£⣬ϸ׼ġ
һȻе˼ͷʵڵģ£ʾҲ֮СһһŨŨ󣬳ܽ˵ϸ磬֪ղλŮҽ˭𣿡
ܽãȻҡҡͷ˵˼ʡҽҽôʶأ
Ǻǣ˵ʶˡһ˸ӣǺ˭Ӧģ
ܽ˺һᣬҡҡͷ벻ʶ˵У˭Ӧġ
һ״ЦЦ˵ղλǺϰķˣ㻹ȥ˼˼𣿡
ϰ壿ܽһӻûһᣬȷ˵˵ղλǡǵķˣ
һص˵ͷ
ܽ迴һıԺѾȫԼղŵжϡԭأþõûжȻǱϢסˡһǰļ˵ϸ磬ģµġ
ܽ͵ػعסһ֣м˵ֵܣллˡɩʲôݶ飬Ҷû
һ벻ƽʱЦܽҲ˵ɿĻػ֣οģûµġ
˻صʱܽѾ˯ȥˣ֣һֻһܽԺ֣æվӡһܽ˵ܸ磬ˣǾˣһ磬Ҹ緹
ãæܽм˵緹Ͳ鷳ˣ㵽ʲô򳤣̫˵⣬ܽеԿصĸоˡ
һһ£Ȼ֣ѸٵشӲ߳ľʹһʶԼֱȽϸԵˣ̫ܲĸж
Ժһ֣ǷҪȥ÷֥к֣˵ˣ֮ǰѾˡһ֣ŸС죬ǹĵʵôˣĲˣ
ûУֻǾĺ̫ˣȻֲ֣̾һ˵ȥˡ
һҲһѽ̫Ĳţ׼£ͻȻϮͷƶҵĴڡһ§֣Ķ˵ûµģһжģǾҪרȷϹˣ֪
֣ҲԼղŵеʧˣһĻ󣬽ӣһյķȥ⳵ƽʱϰʱǲģͣڸһͣһҪǿ̨ȥͻһ䶯ؼǳ۵ĳơ֣Ϊν̨Ҳվ·ľ룬˹һ㡣
֣һǰţͻȻоԷԼ£ֱӣĻ˳ʾӦʲôˡȻһܽĳͣǰ棬ºһ˺ڳ죬һˣƿ׼һȥԺ󣬳˵£λʦѳͷ⣬Ҽùݿ䷿ܲҪ֪ô죬ʱ˵ɡ
õģϰ塣»ش˵꣬˷ֱԼĳȥöҲб׼ͷ뿪һһ䣬Ҽùݡ»عͷ˵ͷ
һ֣˴ԺһʣȥĶ֣˳Ժ˵ȥӣһڿΣ׼ٹģûá
һЦ˵ɩӵϵ
ôѽ֣ƤһǰⱦӽˣҵöҪиʲôʧģҿɾ˼ҵˡ
һ֣˵࣬ҲЦãһǷĲ١ҪȻĻһδŵŮӣһ⻨Уе㲻ġ
ôУſʡϲҪʰ죬Ƶġ֣һ˵
ʲôʱдģô֪һ߽ӹ֣ݹĺʣ˳־ȥ´ֻ
Ҹģ׼ֻģСѾͷ˵ʲôϣ˵֪Ժġ֣͵ֲ͸˸Ļֻϣֺ˰죬ʤˡ֣˵⻰Ժ֮ɫʱִȷʵе㼤ҡ
һѧҪʲôֻһ˵Ҫ˵Ļ죬ﲻе绰𣿡
֣һۣû˵СõĻǶԵģһϹŶ㻹Ϊںϴѧǻһѽ֣ﻹһ仰û˵ϴһʱпשͷˡ⻰β˵ڵģһһҵĹȡ衣
һõĺԺ󣬾ֵߵķ羰˵˵뿪Ӧһʱ䣬ı仯Ǿ޴ͻı־˱ˣԵĵҲ˲٣ʽ˳ǵ


һʮһ ɫ
һṦ򣬳͵˻ѧſڣһܿСƼϰĴͷθͣ׼³ȥкģϾʱѧʱ򣬹ͷǺܹ˼ģûչǡתһ룬ִ뷨ڻѧԣԼѾԶĹͣǷݻԶԺУγҲһ¡
һڻûʧ֮ʣһͶһ㣬ճķ˹֣æ򿪳㣬ĳĽ֮ɫһй֮޲ʱദõԼСÿˡһپοѣҲǴ˵еİݼڰɣ
ߵǰʱһæ򿪳ţϳԺؽ硢ɩӡһĵظͷ֣ߺӣ죬û˼Ӧȴȳۻ
˵Ӧ켸µʱ䣬֣ľĴ£Ѿһմũ߳СŮװ˿װһոԼС棬Ѿһˣˮ飬߾Ѻ֣ˣϻһĲ࣬һķΧټ֣ĶĿȾⷽһֲܿġ
ȥԶٺõģȥĶһº͵áԼѧԺ˾;࣬ڸǲˣԼæСҲԶӦѧ۵Ļ͸ˡ
ˣ硣ɩӾͽ׶ζҳóԵˣͬѧ˵ҷˣڼʡõϲ˳ݡ
֣аϲƽʱСϵĹûа׻ؼʱ̣֪ΪԼ˵ûأǿڵҪȥʤͰɣϴ㲻˵ǵͦóԵ𣿡
ǲҪˣǵĶˡС죬һ˵ϴҺɩȥȻԵһٶ飬һء
һԺֻЦٳ죬ҲǸСѾͷ⻰һڣ֪ʵȥԵģΪ۸̫ѡû£ֻͣҪÿģǮʲôһ۵˵
磬ǲҪ˰ɡõ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ٺ٣û¡һͷĶ˵ҪɩӳԷ˳㡣
磬ûװĵ˵˵ǵ͵ɫá
֣⻰ԺһЦ˵˵ʲôأãղʲô߰ģ
óһ˸ƤСͷ֣ƽʱһǰһСûһҪ֪֣Ժ󣬲еټƽʱСʩЧȻǳԡ
˵˵ЦЦһ˱ʤ֣͡ȻĳͣûпǷԱݹĺһֱڱţšȤʰȺü֣һͶѯʵĿ⡣һ˫һ̯һҲ֪̬֣ǾΪһݷţ⳴һ֣پȲѡ֣ҪһݷʽƟhţƣһ֭
Ժȥϴּ䣬һһټĲǰе㲻Ӧţ治֪ڵŮô£һôϲʲôţšģų˼εʹδЩʲôóԵģŵԵǼ۸ľġȻǮ˵ʲô⣬ؼǾòֵãղ֣ţʲôģ;һθⷹעΪһ͡
سһԺҪѧУˣ˵ϻȥе飬ʵǺǰһֱģ׼ӰŮ֮ĽؼĲһҪ֪еԭ׼Ҫ趺֣֣ӵĳ̶ȣѾԶԶһˡ
ҪԼȥ֣׼ȥ򳵣һ˵ôˣһСŮôԼȥأһȥһ
֣˵ͷк߹򵥣һǮԺһ¥ϳԺֱѧȥӦҹٴһܵʲôдеķ۵ĵƹ⣬·ơֵƽ㵽һ졢ơ̵ɫʽӳ·һƵ硣ĵƹ⣬¶Ÿ첲ȵŮˣ΢ҹɫУǺһҲûио⡣Ȼһֻ͵͵һۣϾߡ
߼Ժ󣬳ܿ͵˻ѧſڡ³ǰſ֣Ķϣ˵˾䣬ɩӣÿĵ㣬˵꣬СţҲƵ˳ȥ֣Ķ䡣֣ĵЦ˵ͨ죬ѾǲԼڼˡ
һ֣̬֪ô£뿪ѯʣ֣Ѿһţշɴ˳ȥһһˤһƣĬĬѳˣСģܵ
ȥĶ֣ʡ
ҸסĵطȻȥλӱ߹䣬ôһ֣ѯʵ
㡣֣С˵ʱȫһСŮ˵ɡ׼סĶأǰһΣ֣ʡ
ȻŽĵطҪҾͲסƵˣֱȥǰɣһ֣Ц˵
ҪʲôأǿǼᡣ֣˵
˼ȥǾͿˡһץסеİѱ˵ȥƵ꿪䣬Ȼһ𣿡
Ҫٺ˵˵ҾһŰȥǴɫһ֣ϣԼһĶ֣Ǿ׳нʡմԼˡ


һʮ λӷ
ΣʲôˣղŻСŮˣھͳ˸ĸҹ棬ǲʦһԲģ
Ҫܣ˵ˣң⡣֣˵۾ȥϴסǼҽľƵ겻Ҳ˵ؼûС绰־ᶨļһһᶼܸҪ֪ɳʲôHء
һ⻰Ժ󣬱׵شˣ۵Ȥûˣ˵һ䣬δϹ˲ˡ
֣һıԺﲻһ˿ģ͵͵һ˵˼ֻǿЦ㲻˰ɣ
Ȼˣҷǳԣ൱һװʧӣ߷߲ƽ˵
֣ί˵ԲԺ˵ˡ
ԲˣôҲеʵڵı֣ԵǸ̫԰סһһ˵ļơ
˵Ҫô֣֣һģ
һ£㳶ƽ
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ҵƵԺ󣬿һ׼䣬˸ûȥԿףֱ˳
һҵʱ䣬˾λӱߡƹɣˮɣԶĻҲδƶһĻֹһγ˼УΪƣΪˮΪǣ֣Ӵ˽ٻɿλӱߣ֣סһĸ첲ͷļϣʱ˿̣еֻǰսΪԼϹˡ
ʱ˿̣һҲܲƽ˵ʵһʱԼ侭һЩĥѣܵ˵ջͦġԼ;˳𲽣ڻˣСҲ˳˻ѧĸԼٳֻľҲˣҵʵ滻ǣͿǳ׵
֪䣬ߵϴʯԣ˲Լͬͣ˽ŲһԺ໥
һ§ס֣ʯϣ˵ͷһСʲô˼ĵעΪλӵǣΪЩܿû̷ߺֻǲˣǧδı䡣ֺŵѾ˸ʱֵ֡ĻŲǺλ飬ЦķƱã㷽ҵ̨Ҳã绨ѩ¡ʯҲգǶֻĬĬؿҲԶǡԶĵӰǧֽ꣬µķ£ţ֪Ӻδͯںþûصգá
ʯϾþûжһϲ֣߮ħצҲ쳣ȣֻʱʱĸŪ磬˶ѡͻȻһ󼱴ٵֻһĶУ˭˵ĲʶʱõҹƻԼĴ顣
ֻһҲûκεıԹ֮ˣ֣Ķ˵˾䣬ϰ塣֣Ӱ죬Ҳæӣ·־ƾǰƵġ
ιϰ壬ãһһ˵סͲϣС̶̯ĽҪȥ
һѽĶأףôôѽ绰ͨԺ־ʵɩӲ˵Ӧ𣿡
ǣϰ壬Ӧأλӱءһֻʵ
Ǻǣ㿴ңûע⡣־Ц˵С֣кҲԣѵþһΣһǡ
ûУϰ壬׼ȥأһæ˵
ǺǣģȥӦ飬Ѿɩ˵ˣǱߵͽȥɡظϣŵٿؽжԱᣬҪ̬ԡ־ƻ˵Ѿ绰ˣŪˣʱȥһ
õģϰ壬һͻȥһػش˵
ãˣǵС֣кˡ
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չҶϵ绰֣͹ĵʣʲôôô绰һһ־Ƶĵ绰쳣ע
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ٺ٣ҲǿЦֲûʲô˲ѽ
֣תһ˷ȭȵ㻹˵˵ҿɾͲˡ
һæ˸˫Ͷ״֣ŷСȭͷ
һ֣˵˼ҵô绰
ĵ绰Ҹ֣Ĳںȴⲻѡ仰УܵһĹ֮⣬ȻǿġŮʱĪͬҲ᲻ĸˣͷԣҲǸﳪģŮ˼к£¡
һĵ绰ȻǴõģýӵ־Ƶĵ绰Ǻܿĵģ˵ԣаϲ˭֪־ƾָһȥЩƣԲûмʱһϵ
ڽӵһĵ绰ԺȻװʲô֪͸һѾûƳɲ׼ˣһͿ͸һһԼͲˣֱںãʱһȥμӻ顣ҲˬشӦˡ
һֱ˵绰Ƴɲš£֪ƳɲŽܰѸŪãһһȥøӣȻڰ˵͵ʱ绰ϵһһ绰ǴµģһغԼʡҽǺϡû°ѳΪӦ·Ƚϸӣ¶·Ǻ죬ʱҪ·ˣǿɲһ鷳Լ


һʮ 糿
һͨ绰ʱѾˣ֣˵һһҪغǾƽվĸ첲ߡһ˼ؿ֣˵ǲ˼ѵԼᣬôˡ
֣Ц˵ûʲôѽæһ㣬˵ҵ۹ѽҪһڼģңʲôأ
һ󣬿ĵֱ֣ۣոǰȥһ͵ƵԺ˵ټͷˡ֣˵Ҫһֹˣ˵Ҵȥܷģôأ֣Ըصͷ˴뿪һֱĳʧԺ󣬲Ž˾ƵĴš
ϴԺ󣬿ʱѾˣһæϴ˯һ˵ûʲô飬ȷʵͦ˵ģڴϻûӣͺؽ硣
һ˯ģģʱͻȻִֻӴͷֻ˽Ȼ˶ߡ
棬ˣ쿪ţ绰ﴫ֣
һϡͿʣĶأʲôţ
Ҿ⣬㿪ѽ֣ͷ˵
һһ⻰æӴһţԾ˴£Ьûϴȥˡ
Ժ󣬹Ȼ֣վſڣϻŸС¹ޣգŴ۾һһ״Ǹжѣæְקݡǽ㲻Ҫô磡һԹ֣Ѿ֮䣬ܵ˿У룬ҪľЧ
Ҳ緹Ƥڻģζϴ԰ɣ֣ϵı¹ޡ
һٶ׻ˣһѣľľȥ֣״СͷǺЦͣԭҪ㶨Ҳܼ򵥣һƤѡ
һٳ緹Ȼ֣Ĵգʡҽ˶ûüһѾ򿪳ŵһˡһ֣˵ߵ飬һ㣬һϢʹ绰ң˳ͬһȻȥˣȻһ绰ġ
֣˳ص˵ͷȻ˵˾䣬Լĵ㣬ҪɣҲҪע塣һǸжǳױ֣ˣƽʱװͰ͵ģ͵һɱ治һĴ
˶Ů鳤һɣԺѸ侲Ը³΢һ㡣˵ҪŵſƳɲŵĸûʼվòģһиʲô⣬ʱȥӦԡ
Ժһͷں˯ó٣糿ѵ磬ʱ䲹һҲ֪˶ãֻۣһʵ˯ۣ£Ķˣ
ϰ壬Ѿˣ쵽ˡ´
һһѾ쵽æӣѳһ˿϶紵ȥԼһ¡һ˯ͦģ˸͵绰ܽ飬æóֻһ֣˷ͼ
绰ͨԺܽѾ֪һغˣڵ绰һٱʾл˵ʮңܼ˽ˡĻвڴ֮飬Ҳһ˿ǣһο䣬͹˵绰ûӣ֣ĵ绰˽ԭһ绰ȥʱڲһõģ÷֥ѾһжźˣҲһֱġһǳж˵һغˣ´ʱȥ
绰ԺѾ쵽ˣһæ˸绰֪ѾˣίһίſڵȣԼһ͵˸Ժ󣬴·˳٣һҲСһ䣬㿪
һίſڵʱ򣬿վڴſڶ˼ȡһһĳæߵ˸ǰһʾϳȻ°ѳչȥȥᡣ³ԺһһȥйŮģл
˽ԺһҲûǿֱӽӹеĸӿһߣæˮΡҳֽĸӣһܿͿˣҪ˵Ƴɲŵû˵д㵽һֻñһЩСϸһĶ
¸ӣ裬㿴ͷһ˵εıͷԺдѰѹءֵ˵ͷ
ʱˣһ͸ô˸绰֪ԷѾˣиʮӾܵίһ˵Լſڵ˵绰Ժһ¥һԼȥϹᣬ绰ʱһԼڳ鿴Ϊ쵼˾̫ķʱ䡣
һṦõĳһæ̨ףôӳԺ˵ֽһ˻ƳɲŸӵһͷŷ漴ܽӵһ˵רڼ飬ܳ΢΢˵ͷһȥһð벽Դ˱ʾء
˻᳡Ժ󣬼Ѿ˲ˣЩ˵еĴúһʶġ˵ǵʱ䲻򳤵ʱͺнӴһ͸˵ˣ־ƣȥÿһ˵ҶʶһܵĴԲһЩǡ糤ģֻǵͷкԸȥˣһ˶δһ㣬ץһҡͣ꺮ůġ
һȻûбǱʾԻǳԼܻӭԭΪվŵ־ơǰЩ˵ľԺúһ˸λȻһͲ־ֳ׻ίҦɽίǡ־ֳɣίǾºϸɾ־ֳΪһһк⼸ˣһԱȽϤģЩæĳһøһҪ˵ˣʲô˵ģҲá


һʮ ǩֻѺ
һᣬس˴ЭĸΡϯȺ˻᳡һʶĹģܴװȫˡЩͷףȻΡϯǣһʱоȨħĻͷȻĳλλϯʹжΣʱٿĻȣһ껹ࡣ
һ֮ʣͻȻֻĴ쵽ǰߴк򳤣æʲôأ绰ôػˣ
̧ͷһֻվǰһæվ˫ס˵سãлѽе飬ȥӦһˣ糿ջ
Ŷ˺ѽʢζ˵ãæȹȥˡ
һæ˸Ķȴ룬ܲһʲô˾ʢҿǹӦµģЩ߰飬ǲоʢء
ֵ˴Լңϯ̨ϵĳί½½ˣѵصʿһ㣬ÿ˶׼ȷҵԼλѸ
ȴҶԺ־ƺ˽ܲ˵Цز˻᳡˿ȥ޼սһ㣬ʵȴһԩҶͷһߵм䣬˽΢΢һ־˸Ķ־Ƴ΢΢һͷȻ˽Ҳ
Ժ󣬻᳡϶ʱҶ̨ϵί쵼עĿһע⵽ƲȨħ̸̨˵Ȼɣ̴еһ죬ƽʱȽעرȥʮġٸ죬ɱϯ̨ĩ˵ﳤҵԵмֽţ۾е㲻֪Ķŵĸо˸ߵسǰ˵ǵһΣеִ٣Ȼ֮С
ŷ֣־ҪȻǳؽ衣ڿ֮ǰϢͨʿѾӲ֪ͬһϢһ˵æǰҵ˴һ˽ĹãճؽеĿ꣬ԲáĴ̬ԣ򳤺ԣŵһԵظоӭһԵҪȺ࣬󣬲֪üͷ˵ȻʲôϢ
һ̣ɸԼίֵһֺǩ״ȻһʽҲһڳؽڼ䣬ĸ©Ӱģֱ׷һֵΡĹи˵ɵʺϣдֽϡֿɲǩһʲô⣬ҪеεģǡֲֳҲǩǡس̨ϣ۾׶һ㶢أ˭Ըȥùͷ
һƣ֪־ƿ¾һҪ㶨ˡҲһǿӲĹԱ˵ҪľؽһŨīزʵ飬־ȥ죬ƺܴ˵ˣؽиǺϲ򽻵ʡһһҪԺһίܸ㶨ġڱ˵ص飬־ȥ죬Ҫ׵öֻ࣬ҪﵽӦӲָ꣬Ӧòʲô¡
ԺѾʮˣ֮ǣȻûҳԷɢ֮ǰŷ˵һ䣬ίҪ쵼˵ˣȳؽгɹʱҺ칦ơ
ӻҳԺǡ򳤡ֱֳ¥ȥúһл˵룬ȥһľƼң˾飬һһٱ㷹
һӵܽĵ绰ĻУһ֪ӦòǷΰȻרϣһּΪټķβ֢䷢֢״ΰм֮˲״ڲǼʶ㣬XƬٽϲ˵ٴ֣϶˵ⲻǷΰϢܽӵҪ֪ʱΰ־һ޿ײħһ㣬ʱĥŷһ֪ô£˵ıȻԿء
һڵ绰ףأܽһصл˵֣綼ûϰ࣬һֱӡһæ˵û£Ȼܽ裬Աأ˵ͰֻݸáܽĻԺҲǿģ˵Ժ󣬺úõףһܽ˵ûʲôµĻܻˣ˽Ѿ˵ˣֲûбҪˣҽԺȫҽΡżһΪ
ܽĵ绰ԺúһͷһɣϾϦദͬ£˭ҲԸ⿴˭ļĲҡ̶òȾƵģϢԺһĵض˵ǣһƿơƣףһ£ôѽ
ãȤҲֵ÷㡣Ц˵
õ⻰ԺæȥƿơƣΪֻԷûȾƣܿԺ󣬾ֱӳ˰䣬֪λ쵼Ҫǻ棬ûȤ
˱ߺȱģһƿơƺԺ˾Ѿ˶ԲߣųؽеĶ磬ʳһֵĽ칤̡һڸղŵı̬Է棬Ѿ漰ÿԶסԬ̩۴ǵ졣˹һЦƱԺһ


һʮ 
ϰԺһһæµᵽʲôɽảҲǻɫɣǶ룬Щ᲻Ĳ£ҲǲеģôһӴĹұָٵתء
磬һغͲϵԼߵں¥ܣһ֪һ¿ķ꣬ںСƷгſڡ˵СƷгһȻԼʱ򣬻ڸо·ǰˡ
һң͵¥źõķٷչЩƼҡ꣬һһȥԺѯһ°̨֪Ѿ˰䣬Ǿֱӽȥˣƿ֣֣˳Һ
ߵ㲻ʱ򣬲ͲѩһģһϿùڲѩղΪУĻӡһȴؿյвߺ̫ߣֻһңڻе㷢ļһͷвӳʫ䣬
ٷԵúƽֻһƿһѩ˾֣ٴ֤һϻü˵ºܸߣȴûٿڶƿҲҪľֵ㵽ֹĸоܹ㷺ʱΣȤţѩǸ̸Ůӣȴзִ磬ܺõذס˵Ķȣߣȴֱٷ꣬˭ҲûἰаͶۣܾһ໰Ѿûֱ˵ıҪͷ˭ǴӣҪĻôܻ쵽Ժյλء
˲ͲѩԺһ̨ˣõĴǣϰԸⵥһ΢΢һ֣Ա˵ͷתȥ֪Ҫⷹϰʲô飬ֻҪӾͿˡ
磬һκǿϲһйϸһȷǷݼƻûʲô⣬ŷһѾã쵶ն飬ίͶһٿһϰԺϲæһһ֪ͨȥˡ
ʱһȥŴ廨ľ˸ĸԺй࣬ҲҪ϶û¶ٵˡϷһԺ󣬺ǿģϳæȥˡ磬Ҳһһƿơƣһ߶Ǻʹ峤ֺȾƣˡһǺЦûпڣĸ˵СӹûǲһõĽڣһ˵鷳ϱˡһһƣ治֪һǰҪѽڵĿһЦҡҡ֣˴Ħг
ѳԺ󣬾ܾһ룬ֱӻᡣ˵ơƣе㷸Ǿ͵ڴ˯ĵңŷٴ˸绰ԼһģʱŷٵĳѾһḽһæ𴲣ϴһԺĵŷٵĳϳ֮ǰȺ۲һȷΧ״ſʼжġ
жʱûôˣȥʱ򣬻еİһԺһԦˡȻķ򿪣ֻСϴתĨǵģ˵𵽶Ŀġ
˺һԺһŷ˵ǸɴȥתһȦɡŷټߣǵͷӦˡȥʱ߸ߵģһûмգȻֻˡŷڿʱһع۲죬עеĶҪ죬Լʱܹ°빦á
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ֿһᣬһиϵ»ŷҪҪȥԵ㣬ǵһٻ˵ỹʲôģͦóԵġŷҲöˣ˾˳
˿ϵ»Ժŷȥͣһ治֪ԼԵʲôǾ͸ŷٺҪ˸һȣһ֡⵹һһνϵ»ٲֹһεȥһ㶼䵱ͣһϲЩһ浱ʱѧҲûǮǶӣһ;һᣬǶ˵ҲԼȥĸԭ
һѳŷ٣ˣˮƽ治ٿˣһʲô£ǿɾ鷳ˡڳϵһڻζŸղŵĿϵ»ֺҲûԼеôѳԡ
һȥ˵ӰԺ˳ӰԺһصĺȥʱû߸٣ΪºڷߵģȻٵ˿·ûˣһؼʻɣɣҲûʲô⡣˵˺ԺѾʮˣȻһȥ˺С˵ЩʲôǾͲö֪ˣһԿ϶ǣ˯úܳ٣Ϊڶ糿ʱ򣬾ŷ˰죬ûסںڵȦ
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һʮ ȷ
ܽýˣͷ˸кתصԼλϣЦŸô˸кȥһڵ龰Ժ󣬺ڲ裬۾һ߰豭Ĳѩһӵ绰ģ˼ӽ쿪ʼϰˡǱʶе㲻ԣ˵ĶԣֱղҲûȻ
ʽʼԺȴٿйسؽеĻ龫񣬲˷ֽ⣬Ҫٿ򳤰칫о̶ĿǰһҪҪߵ顣һֱи˵ί죬ܶȣ⻰ȻʧƫģҲӦ˻Ĺĵǰ״ίǸߵģǸִеģϣá
ﶼһ̲ǽص㣬Ϊ֤նԬ̩۴죬¡־¥һ顣ý˵֮ǰ˵ĹڽʳһֺСϺƷƵ飬ڵĵ顢о֪ҿǵôˣ
Ǹѽܴƶľ÷չѵ˲ͬ𣿡õĻ䣬ܽͿˡúһ⣬˶۾ؿܽ裬Ԭ̩۴һˣôҲ벻ףһʹʲôħһᱣֳĬ䲿Ȼͷڡ
ͬܲѩ˵˵ǰʱһֱЭ˵׶ҪӴۺʵôõķҪ˼ǰ𣿡
˵Ժ󣬱˵ˣúһд۾֮Сⷬν롢Цصѽ˭ҪǷ᰸ˣҪһ쵼Ե˭
ÿѩԺְ۾һʱƲѡ벻ϵ̶̵ļʱ䣬ƽܽ裬ҲѩҲĴе㻳ɸղǷǲһ˵ġ
ܽͲѩĻԺԬ̩ôҲ벻ûǻعǱѾǹһ㣬žžĿˣҶ붼벻λ
Ĭ˺һ۴˵ô˲֧أ˵ǲǣæͣ»شˣǸס
ڵͷ֮ʣ۴ĻͻȻһתֽûãؼÿʵУ˵ʳһֵĸ콻˭ȥСϺƷָ˭ȥ𡣡
ʳһֵĽ裬ʵͶ꣬ȵʵչ˱ҵһʤȯգȻٸԷּۻ۵Ļᡣͷ˿ڲԺ󣬽˵СϺƷսԼƻҪƳ٣ϾʱϵʱСϺѾУֻеȴˡκǿ͵ϲʱзСϺƵİװڿԿٿΪ۵㾭顣
Ա棬ʲôǣʱصһ仰ȥ
һм˵ͷʾл⡣ɨһȫ˵˵Ա棬ڵ֮ؾʳһֵĸ죬һרŵ쵼С飬鳤θ鳤λ򳤵УҾκǿͬ־Ƚʺΰ칫ΣϲθΣϾƻ˸ģϤһ㡣
һĻԺ󣬻᳡˳ţȻɡմ˰ţ̾һ˵ˣ˭֪κǿϲĺ߹
Ȼﶼһ滹ҲʲôʵɳԣǾе
һ򳤣㿴ϾǵΣǵ鲻࣬Ҳӣɴξͻɳɲͬ־㿴ôóãҳôһɵɡ
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һĻôһƳɲ֮浣һһʱʢֱӰˡҪĻԼô죬ܲΪºһ˺Ƥ˹ͬ棬ҵʱ־ƻ᲻ŹԼ滹˵ҪԼôˣ˻ʲôһ˸ӣͬԼ飬˻Ƴɲ䣬ǻˡҲЦ˵һ򳤣ǹǫˣԺΪĹףҿɶǿأ˵ǰɣ
䣬ΧһƬ֮Ԭ̩۴һۣʧ䵽˼㣬Ϊÿڣһ벻ղ쳣ǿƵһõĻ󣬾ȻеͶˣе㿴Сࡣ
Ԭ̩۴һƵǶһü٩һһ˵ǣи飬֮ǰ˵ǸؽеعȫȨҵʱ̣ЩǺ
вͬĵǿ˵ѽһͬ־˵Ҳʵ飬Ͷһ£ҪһЩ֮飬λŰɡ
۴ʱǧٸԸ⣬ҲŲڣֻĬĬص˵ͷ


һʮ ԰ݷ
ÿԬ̩һ˵̩ѽҪҪץóؽҪҵʶǺ룬Ҫⷽ涯Խѽ⣬飬Ҳѩͬ־һ£óĴʩǸˣһ۴죬ȻҲԬ̩š
Ԭ̩۴һƵص˵ͷѩ΢Ц˵ǣİɣᳶϵĺȵġ
ãѩͬ־Ļҿɾͷˡ⻰ƱѩʵеԬ̩˼Ҳһڽźשͷĺ֡
ԺܽûлԼİ칫ңǸһĺ棬ֱӽ򳤰칫ҡԬ̩۴˼Ʋѣ治֪ƽʱȥʵͽ䲿ô˼Ѫһϴġ
Լϰϻղŵϵ龰˵ԼΪĵһλᡣƽʱһֺ٩٩̸Ԭ̩۴һԣֻеͷķݣþʹĵøˡͬʱҲûäĿֹۣһǿ졣ÿʼʱΪǿ־ƵƽģڿҲȻƽҲûȴɵ͹ڶ̶̵ʱڸ㶨ίԱɲһõġ
ܽĿһһԸһƴ˵Ҫչɩӣɡܽȴ˵֪ʲô֢Ժӵ״̬öˣѾȫˡٷζҪģѾȥˣ¥ЦЦı飬һ֪¥õĹϵôԼǳԷɾֵζˣĵظԼˡȻԷ̬˳ϿңһȻûеپܾˣĻʲô뷨
һܽ˵ܲ㿴ܲȥԷɣٽмˣ
ƣҪһǾǱߣҲһ绰顣ܽ˵˵
ǲãҲĸ˰ɡ
ãǾһΪˣȹȥˣټ
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ܽԺûһᣬϲͽˣеƣĿĻǱ̬ġȻܼ˳زǲһ⡣һûж˵ʲôĹŹڣϲϹһ۾ܿףԼĽͣԵýˡϲٳŵʱһһ¥Է䲿ܲ͡ϲһ⻰ϵʱһɨգŲԵرʱҪࡣղ֮ƣ²ϲ̣һʹʱ˵һԷȻû˸ղŵĵˡ
һ绰κǿ˾ʳָб귽ϸڽ˾̶ƻȻרҵʿȥ⣬ҪԼ׵Ժһһع˾˵һҺܲĹ˾ʱľϣҲϵһ󹤳̡
κǿʼΪһչһع˾⻰ϸһƷζô¡򳤶ع˾ܲð⵹Լθڣ֮ǰе㵣ģҪһʾһع˾Ļô죬ڿҪˡ˵Ժһͬκǿȥ¥Է
κǿߺһֱѩͺϼ˵绰һȥ¥Բѩһֱ˵ܽͣһһ¡вǣߴţһȻûбҪҴš绰ϼʱһĿҪתö࣬ĿǰûȫһȦӣӦûڿ׶Ρϼӵ绰Ժ˵һͳԷǿģæһӦһĵίῪԺæŴ벻򳤾ȻԬ̩һʰûƢһ˻治ǳ֮Լ֮ǰı֣׼Ҹٹȥתת¶̬벻ûԼʲôжԷĵ绰ѾȴˣвӦ֮
磬һϰʱ򣬷һ·˻վסӣȻ΢Цغк̬ȽȻ˼ֹһҲ⣬˵˭ҲԸ⣬˿ԼŹƵģʵдŵη壬δؾͲһ¡ĹٳľǹòҲӦǹһְɡ
˰칫Ժ󣬳֧̣˼зСϺԣ⻹治һ򵥵飬Ͼ֮仹кܴġзȻĳзȲϳҲζʱһҪⷽථԽȻѾϲⷽ涯Խٵʵȥ쿼죬һԼĥĥܲʲôʵе·ӳ
ƣһһ˼·һüͷһ壬˵ƿԺ󣬼һϲã룬֪ͲһͨˣԼӡȻҲû˳ȥĵֻӲͷƤ˵򳤣йҪ㱨
һһǻƳɲˣҲٶ˵ʲôֻ΢΢˵ͷʾת˸ĶȻһ裬ţԼİ칫ңϰûڲѣ룬ûȤ
ƳɲŽԺһû˼ղŵ⣬Ҳûվӭӣֻ΢ЦŻƳɲšȻͻƳɲŵĲŸɣԷȻõĴȻҲûбҪʵ̬ƳɲŴʱҲûһǷˣʶΪһϲһǡϵĿѲڣһ޲ֵôܻΪӮءֻϵİݷãϾʳһһֱһڸ㣬ڵĹѾˣժӣ˵ĻƶôҲõһʾһ¡


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һŪ֮󣬸˲ã͵µˣ͸¶˼ǳóȥʱŹġıһͶ֮ģһĶ˿סΪ棬ڱҸ㡣ΪѾһĵߣ˵õˣԬ̩۴ǱߵˣҲˡ
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绰ͨԺФ˵һԷҲûЩˣֱӾһӦţһȥĳȻǲġ˵ʱ䡢صԺһ͹˵绰µ绰ԺȻܽФƷϵģʱ򣬰һФӦö
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ڶһ磬ͬæµĻԬ̩۴һϰûãԬ̩ųȥ۴ȥκǿİ칫ҡ绰öԷģ뻹ˡ˵÷ǵίίԱĸ򳤹㱨Ǻ飬ԼڶԷȻͲٰˡһκǿԹæûʱΪڣءĻ̽Ϣһκǿˣǿ˷۱
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뵽Ժһ绰ͨϲĺ룬֪ͨ۴ͺϼȥԺʱǰ롣Ժʱ䣬ΪҪһԺֵú̫ܲƽԺûа취ˣϣ쵼棬ΪŸϼûһӽˣǽһ۴ֻ˳Ӵϵġ
ȻǺϼģһȻƴǣԷովӣʵذҪģټûȥԺ࣬Ҳûʲô
۴ӵϲĵ绰Ʋѣպ˲پƣ׼ȥ˯һģڿǲˡֱӾܾɴ಻ȥˣתһ룬С׶Լ߾ʹƵλٲһ¶¶Ǹͺʹ쵼עعһǿõ顣Ĺ쵼жʱûڵŻֽ¶Ͼͻᴫλ쵼ǲǳʲôˣ˫ֱ̾ˣܴߡ˸汾ʱЦá
Ԭ̩ٷԵÿν̵ģ˲࣬飬÷Ժ۴žȥ۴绰ˣȻ˽Ԭ̩ǿġһᣬ۴ĵ绰ͻؽˣ˵Ԭ̩ӺˣԼأ˵ԼͻԬ̩һƣ룬㼱ʲô֪ҸʲôϢ¾ͲôŻˡ


һʮ ԤԼ
һṦ۴ԺԬ̩ת٣˶ɵˣھһĹ¶һ㣬ڻҰСҪΪֻпԼˣĸŽӦûܷС۴Ԭ̩˵ҪȥԺһӿûʲôʱ䣬ϵһ£ȥǱߡ˵СҰ¥Ǳߴ棬۾ϵķԬ̩룬һ治ǸôƯϱãҪȥ˫Ҫҿأģѹȥʲô
׵Ժ󣬿ʱҲˣһ۴ĳϰȥˡǵûʲôñܻģߵˣ˭֪Ǻϴһӵġһ£ڵʱ˭վսǵȨѹֵʱضи˵ҵĵ̡
һ칫ԺȥԺʱǰˣæͷʾ֪׼Լ칫֪ͨˣһѾϲ֪ͨˡͷһȣ򳤣ʵͦչ˵ġʱıʱ飬ЩȻһǰ˵ʲô֪ͨ˸ǰ˦仹Ǻģûκθ顣һȻϲԼ飬Ȼֻ쵼ĹˣǲǻеʲôͲö֪ˡԼ칫ǰӵ롣
Ժ鱾Ͳʲô£ֻǹȥ¶ѣԺ쳣׼򳤺ϼ벻һ򳤾Ȼһˡһֱһ뿪ͨͨģ·˰һ㡣
ڿĹУ۴һߣǾζֱӣһźֱüͷһﻹûԼҪҲţ֪л绹ȵġ⻰ʵеԩ۴죬ʱֻ˶ƣôȰˣֻ˵绹顣֪ԼȾٺȵ㣬ٻؼ˯һӦûʲô⡣˭֪һʱѹʱǰˣû˯óɾǾһˡҲģע߲һȥˣ͵ˣΪС£ܰԼôţ
Ժᣬʱһڰ칫ңֱӰѳͷʻԺմӳ۴üͷһ壬룬ֲðʱǰԼȥѽ뵽ԺﲻƽƾʲôҪİߣת˳˾ͻؼȥ׼ľ
һŹ˾´ʱĵ㲻ѯ˹Ա֮󣬵֪Žأֱ칫ȥյſڣһŮڶ˭
һһ㶣ϴʱ򣬲ûѯʣվסӣǰŮŮӴŶʮ꣬Ũڵü޵ģϻŵױһɫְҵװְҵŮԵζ
˭һڣֻԼŮһ顣
ŶСãһӲذСʱ˻ؼź֣һμʱĳֲ֪ƶԷʲôֻô˵ܵġ
ʣԤԼ𣿡Ůϵı黺Գ˾衣
ûУҪԤԤԼ𣿡һȷʣ룬òƼίǶҪԤԼǹ˾ϰ廹ҪԤԼ
ԲûԤԼ㲻ܽȥŮ˵ڸԤԼǼǣʲôʱϰпգٸ㰲š
ܲܰͨһϰм¡һĻдмֿ˵ʵǰŮӻͦ͵ģȻ˵Ƚϳ壬˵ְأίÿԱ㣬ίǡ򳤣ܻࡣ
ϰĶмµģһ绰ͽˡŮ˵һ¹̬ȡ
һ汻˵ÿЦã治ö˵ʲôϾ˼渺ԼĹְ𡣼ûа취ˣһֻͳֻŴ绰绰ͨԺ󣬴ſĵ˵ôôʱ䶼û㣬СĶȥˣϰɸ˵ŷسģȥǸ״
٣ɸ治ңǺƺѽҸôѽһװһί˵
Ķأһе˼ʱſȥһһվԼԶĵطץֻҡҡ
ż״˵绰Ц˵Сӵ˲绰Ѱϸ翪ѽȥϰˡ


һʮ Ա
һҲ绰˹߱˵ǣѰ㿪ģλŮҽȥ˵ûԤԼ
ŮһĻһ죬Ŵ˵ϰ壬˼Ҳ֪ѣҲû˵ֻ˵£Ҿ͡
û£ԺϵʱֱӽڵʱͰȥָһ˵ҵѣǹ˾ıɲܵ
ŮСͷȻһ˸Ķ˵ϰ壬룬ղҲ֪㲻Ҫ֡
Сѩɲʲôϰ壬ӦóƺΪ򳤡Ц˵һԷģǲƯŮӼƽϵġ
СѩŮݸһЦȻתΪһݲȥˡһ˵úܲڣֲڷϾԷݷǡ
ԺСѩһߵһĸǰ˵򳤣Ȳ衣һæվ˫ֽӹ裬˵ллллСѩ˵һ䣬лתųȥˡ
ô鲻ǲɣǺǣЦ˵
һһһƣ룬ϰôԼиŮ鶼˵ˣæ˵٣ɱҿģǿɲʲôŮ飬ֻǵĹԱ
ããԱŵ΢Цһ˿թЩٵҲǲף飬Ҫ˵ɹԱ۲ۣҰֵ˵ʱӲͷƤûдӦ㿴ö⣬ʮŮҲû⡣һĻˣһЦ
ֳ˼䣬̶ȥݷŷһȥͶԷϵһ£Ȼٴ绰֪ͨš˵ˣһվ׼ǣҪԷһƴ˵ѾԼˣ롣ż˵ٻӣǣԼ´һԷ
һǵʱλСѩŮһֱ͵¥£ù˾ԱĿѡ
һϳԺ󣬼ʱ仹磬°͵һˡȥʵŷٴ绰ܲڳϴ򣬵µ棬ǶΡ绰ͨԺŷ˵ںأǸˣ׼˵ԼһԷмʧ֮⡣һ˺ǺЦ˵һԹ͸绰ȻȥСúһ
ŷС˵Ҫʲô˵ϰأҪǸô죿
һЦ˵û£֪һһ칫ңǹñģǾͲҵĴˡ
ŷߵͨ죬޺޵˵һ䣬ˣ⻵һեˣ
ŷٵ⻰Ҫͬ׼һ۾ƽʱŮһŷȻ˵ĻǴҲš
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ򿪵ӣص˼̨ʵûʲôĽĿֹصӣڴϱĿҲ֪˶ãֻͳһĺ롣ԷѾˣʴŻжܹһæ˵һ͹ǿһ飬
һԵһͷԷ֪ԼݲǺܷ㣬ǾͲӭˣ˼Լֱȥһ¥Ժڿ飬æ飬˳ӡ
£ղſʲô飿һʵղϳʱ򣬿æҵ飬±Ƶġ
һʻ˼˵򳤣ѧϰ顣
ѧϰ飿ҿһ쵽ǰ˵
°ݸһһõһȷʵѧԵ飬εеѧһһ£»ȷʵ棬вٵȦȦ˳ְֻ¡Ц˵²ѽ֪ùѧϰˣøƾĳ·Ҳһ㡣
²˼ЦЦŤͷ˵򳤶ա
ǺǣԼҲҪŬһЦ˵
صͷʱ鼤ѣǰڲӣ벻򳤶̶̵ʱԺԼǰѾһϰղŵĻײˣֻҪԼúŬҾһģⲻһʵʵڵĳŵ
һµıҲܿģߵˣһֱԹΪģ˾ұۣǱָǵĹ飬ҲԼĹЧʡʱԼӡȷʵֻҪټʱգӦҲܳΪԼһӦҲһ˫Ӯľ档
˾Ժһֱӻȥˣ粻ҪˣѾ೵ȥˡ
˾Ժһź۵ӭСӭһ˵ӭС͵վһߵĴ׳СӶ䡣ǸСߵһĸǰһƣһ͸棬ȥ


һʮ һ
ſڣСţʵİŴˣӭ˳һ˵ϰ壬ã룡
һҲ΢Цһ˵ϰ壬ãǲ˼õˡЦ⣬ŵ֣һֱȽ˰Ժɿ
һټİԼ˻е㲻ӦԷʲôҪԼ˵Ҫڸʦڡ
򳤣һơ
һֱ߰˵ϰҲ
Ժ˵򳤣㿴ȵʲô׾ơƣ˵һָϵXO
һʱŷϾȻ־ƣҺXOǺȫӢģһӻ濴ʲôӵģһԿ϶־ƿ϶ֵơϰ壬̫ˣǿ㡣һЦ˵
ǾͺɡָXO˵ҰֵһѴӷʱģ˵ڻ
һ˵ͷ˵ʵûкȹľƣҲ㿪ɣƵĿζû̫˺ľƺȵĹ߲Ź֣ţʲôģżȥһλãҪǾԣԵȥŹ֡˵Щƶңеı߶ȵҺҪ֮ǰһ־˵и˺ȶԺ󣬵ڶֱӾû
ȷԱ򿪾ƿԺȥ߲ˣӹƿΪһı֮һңȻΪԼϡƱԺ󣬶һ˵ⱭҾ㣬л͹⣬Ҹˣ⡣
˵һӣѱоһһƱ˿ҲסһڸˡΣʲôȿɬһһ˵ζֱӣŻĸо
һıԺЦ˵ôɣٺ٣
һһߵѩ̣Ժ˵ϰ壬ҿĵˣڿеˡĶǾƣ
ǺǣҪǻһ֣˵
һæҡҡ˵û£û£ٺȵʱ㣬һˣƷƷζܸ˽Ƶģȥˣò֪ʲôζ
򳤣㻹ܳãǾȡһЦԺܿģվΪ֮һ̶̵ļνٲеĸɲѴû֥綶ʡĸ߹ٻҪ
ȣȸղŵĸоöˣǺңһȥֻôӺһֱθ˱ߺȱģʱ̹עһ沿飬⿴ȥѧģ򳤣ȷʵ򵥡Լƣ֪ܲҪ̸ϿһɫúܣֻںȾơԲˡ̡
ϰֵֶ˵ĻͻĵĹԱ򽻵ҪرעЩ;ո𲽵ˣǲ̰ռֻҪõǵ֧֣õİ취ǺǽѣҪĵطõǵ֧֡һ߶ȵʱȻûعͷҲһͶʡϰֵⷬΪȻһΪѡ
Եòˣݸһһ֧̣˵򳤣ʵһ󡣡
һӹ̣𣬾ͳΪԼ˻Ȼ˵ϰ壬Ҫ뽲
˵ҵ֮ǰȰǰ󾭹㱨
һ΢Ц˵㱨ҵϰˣ벻ߴͽ̡
һѩ̣˵ϸ˵ʵӦһĹ¡򳤣ҵļ˽ɣ
һ˵ͷȻһ˵Ӧũţƣܣʡߵˣ֪Ĳࡣ
æҡҡ˵򳤣ˣҸһ˶ѡ
һû֪ʱԼֻҪ߾㹻ˡȻ˵ҸݵͷǾҪǵ˵ɫһͷġȻѡΣȻоĶһģͬһҲ⡣ҸΪ˷ֵֹܼĺҸӰ죬Ǿ͸ǳһ⡣
˵⣬ˣһһֻԷţǼ˵Ҹÿʱڸͨʱ˭ĳЧ˭ƶˡ
һ⣬Ǵһ벻ƾȻһԼĸӣνĸҲôеġ
ڴһϿһ鲨ﲻһϲԼǲŵǷеˡ


һʮ ʽ
ƱһһڣȻ˵Сҵʱ򣬲֪ûע⵽쵼ûһ߼쵼Ҿƺȥˣ˵󻰣ǻʡ쵼ҲʶģΪҸֻƾ˵Ŭýԡ˵ʱͣ۶סһղŵĻǶǰǷһע⣬Ҳ˵ƶֵ˵Ŀȷ¡
һЦ˵ϰ壬ĸѽҲֵչʾܵһѽ
Ǻǣ˵òȾơƱһһڣ˵˵ڸѹҼҵܣһֱԸͱȽϲ̳ϵĶթĵڻСճУŻû꣬ԡ
һ벻Էֱ׵ذѼһЩ˽гȷʵмֺĳ⣬Ƕ˵лϰһᣬϵĵ쵼һȫ֧ġһ⻰ȥԴǣʵγһ̽ȥʱߵõ·ӣֺһáһﻹûף⾿ôһ¡
˴ôһе˼æ˵Һǽһ֮Եʱһѧͬѧҹġ˵ǵϼסһġ
һ˲ص˵ͷӦԷ飬õĹϵôĻӦûԼϻһһ̸֧Ȼ˵лϰΣһЩ鶼˵˳ֵܳǰ˵ٻЩкĿأǺǣǽҸô򵥰ɣǵݻԷˣȻ˼ѾóˣԼܲûκαʾɣ˵ĻԼķչӦҲǴġ
򳤰ѻ˵ˣҲʹ򿪴˵ˡһ֣֮ɫҪİ֪ں˵ϻġ˵⻰Ժ󣬰ӺһУһĻӦ
ǺǣϰˡһЦ˵Ҳ˵俿ʵĻȷʵʶˣⲻʲôܡ֮ǰί飬ϰһ֪¡
ص˵ͷһĻӦ⡣˴ʱҲͬһ㣬Ҫ̸ˣ˫ó㹻ĳͷһͷȵĻǻʲô̸ءĵ˵лֱ棬ҲٹĨǵˣҾ˫Խк
һղЦЦ˵Ը֪꣬ϰĺʲô˼
򳤣Ӧ˵ڱɳɼܳΪδĽӰˡֱԲ˵򳤶ԣγҲˣλʵְƣ䲻Ǹλ䡢ȣ㲻ˣҪ˵ûеѹǲܵİɣ
ǺǣϰЦˡһ¶ɫ˵ϰȷʵӦһ˫Ӯľ棬һʣ֪
򳤣˵Цݣɫ˵
ָԶģǽꣿһʡ
ͬػص򳤣˵һϻ𣬺õĿʼǳɹһ롣ǵʼȻֹڴˣгһҶ߳ȥ𣿡
һҲĵ˵ãϰˬˣҾͽˡɱ
򳤲ٱǺˣءѵ
һЦ˵û£ڲӦɱ
˾Ʊһֻһ죬һѱ׳ŶԷȷʵһβʣ˵ǺȾƣ˵һֱ̬ûǩֻѺӴʱ˿̿ʼ˾Ѿˡ
򳤣ⱭԺҾûʲôˣлɾֱ˵ˡƱ߶һ˵
ϰ岻Ҫл뽲
ʳָ칤̵飬򳤣㿴˵ߴһЩ˺ȵƵʱֵܣһ漰ʱ򣬾ġ˵ΪһˣĸƤЩ˵ѽ
飬Ѿ̨ߣþҪϹһһˮӷŽԺ󣬽˵βùбķʽҿũĻбĿԺܴ󡣡
򳤣ʵǣһƽƽ̨ҿ˵мҵѾų˵̷Īˡ˵Լĵġ
һԷ˵ϰ壬Ĳ˵в뾺ҵһƽĻᣬһǿԱ֤ġ˵ЩţϰΪбҪȥ𣿡
ʶҡҡͷ


һʮ Զʹ
һ״˵˱֤һƽƽ̨һԸϰṩһϢһ˵⣬ͣעķӦȻӶԷ￴еΡ
һõԼҪϢȻûӵıҪ˵Ŀǰϵʽ̫ԣϰⷽ涯ԽĻʤĻʽǳ󡣡ʱһѾ˰ʳָ칤̸ͷũ˾ĻǻʡԼĺܴ鷳ʽ治÷񣬶Ԭ̩۴ǷѵĻʱ򶼲ԼȥԸǣȻվ⣬һչ˵ղ˵νĽˡȻӦˣôҲóһɡ
򳤣̫лˣˣ˵꣬һƱһµɤһǰɫҺ壬ηУҲܽоƣ˵ę́ҺˣǶͷҲúȵöࡣĻЦһֻεضӣӲͷƤѱоһڸˡҪٵʱһס˵ϰ壬ˣˣٺҾͶˡ˵ĺþƣҲţĵ̣ˡ
򳤣治ˣЦؿһ˵ҰǿɻкöأҪƿ򳤡
ٺ٣ǻˣҺ治Ӧ´θĺȰ׵ģһúϰȸһ˵
ãǾ򳤵ģǾ͵ɣ˵ȥϴϢһ¡
ǲ鷳ˣһһе¡һһ˵
Ȼ򳤻£ҾͲʱˣദӻںһʱġסһ˵
ãлϰ⣬㣡һЦ˵ﲻ̾ʹ˴򽻵ʡġҪǻһ֪˵ģԽƴǣԽʢ룬·ֻʾʵ
Ժһֱһ⳵ʵҪ򳵣ֻҪ绰ŷӾͿˡԷһֱڼղŻ˸Źģ棬һǲȥġ˵ͨղŵǶٷѾĳĬЩ˽ʶûҪ⣬ˣһǾԲʾ֮ġĻڰԼİѱ͵˶Էڱ
ŷٽӵһĵ绰ǿģͽ³һ͵һ漴˾ѳͣ·ߡǮԺ˸񣬰Ӷ˽ȥԷ˿
Լңһһ֧̻ûг꣬ŷٵİɫɣѾͣߡһǰ̽һûʲô쳣򿪳͵ش˳ŷһЦӣɣɹҵ𲽣һܹԵãӳһ˦ӣŷ˵Ů㿪ѽӴˡ˵ҰߵƨɣոտǺݺݵغ͸˸ܽӴ
ŷЦ˵ղϳĶҲΪѽԵøýһ㡣
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ŷͷת˸С˵˭˭ѽʱ˭ȽеͶ
ٺ٣ϴ˭˵ܲˡͣͣҪһѧŷٵЦ˵
Ҫ㣡ŷ˵꣬ͷŤϸع۲·ؿ
ʱ򣬻Ȼδѵʱ˵ЩߵҪҵطȥԸٺһȥһԭָղźһһԻԼѾ˱仯ҪǼȥĻ֪ʲôأʱ򻹲ǸһЦ
ŷٲ˵ˣһҲģǾͰעеļʻˡһļʻ飬һҲܿŵˡŷټͶ룬˵ȳ˳Ժ󣬸ԣ㻹ûϿ𡣡
һԾԾԣе㵣ģĵ˵ڵϹģ·ô壬֪вУ
㲻ϲڵϹ𣿡ŷ̲סȤ
һЦ˵ٺ٣Ǹ𣿡
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˭ţӦأŷٵ˵ȻϷϣһղŵĳƺŷﻹǺܿĵġ
ܲܲһ磿һû֮ǰЦ֮ɫ
ŷʱҲԼСĴʹһ˴æЦ˵㿪ЦôˣһСƢ˵ͱѽ
㣬֪ҡ
ã̸ͣˡŷ˫˸ͣĶ֮ǰ˵Ǹ֪Ҿˡˣûʲôˣһ߰㿴ţûµġ˵꣬ŷɲס˳
һҲ֪֮ԶʹٳȥҲ洦ͽնѣ˳˼ʻȫעؿһһܿӸղεĻнѳˡ
һȻһֱѳ˺С棬ͣʱһ󾢣Ϊǿȥ̸ôǰղסŷͣġŷͣʱһһؿͣʱ򣬷̶Ҫúܶ࣬ڳǰͺ˵ʱ򣬴ķ෴ġ뷨ԺʱһҸʵһ¡
ŷ³󣬼һԶųڿЦŵ˵㷢ʲôѽ϶ųʲôѽҪͺ˯


һʮ 
ǺǣǿɲУôһɫĴ˶ؿշأҵñ¶һһ˵
ȥģ֪˵˵ŷ˵꣬ת¥ȥˡһ״æȥˡ¥һƬ¥˼ҵ¥ݵƻжʱûˣյҲѳְˡһŷٵĺ棬һƲסȥŷٳһæͣ½Ų˵Ҫˣɿھӿôˣ
˭ǰչʾĵģζûжΪ»תѽһȻԴǵ˵
˼ֱǲ£һһ׵а˵ŷٱ˵תžһ£һħצ
һ̧֣Ĵָʳָָ£Ȼͷŷٵ˵еǲзӦˣҪôʪʪģ
ȥģŷСһ䣬תѸٵ¥ȥʱͨ죬˵ļ·ʲô£˵ڽҴһ㡣һʹѣѸٵظȥ
һǰһ˼ţŷٴ򿪵Ѹȥ˭֪һһſˡɽҿԣҪӴ˹·ɫһЦ˫ץסߵſ
ŷٵͷ׼Ӳ壬һ˳һץסȻתӺ汧סŷٷκĶһĶ֣һӵĹЩ˾͵óˡ˵꣬˳˶ԷĶһ֪ŷٵһе㣬һǣϾͻ˷һЦҪһɫǣĻ׼һ֡ʱŷ׷һ
ȻһԤڵոȥŷپʧȥ˵ּֿǿ˽һṦŷپ̱һĻʩΪһˣ壬ȥŷ૵˵࣬ϴѽ
ϴһ𣿡һʱѾϣòˡ˴ԺһѸٽ˫װȻȥ
һҵıһ»ָƽֻɢбĴʵؼ¼˸ղŷսŷٵĽغУһһйעһעûʤߵս˴ʱڴϣղ͵սʱһǴͷɥݿ£һǷ£ࡣ
ϢùһŷһȥŷܴǳϴĹжöһϴġڸйϵĴ̼һˣŷٵ״ֻ̬աϴԺӵֱϴ˯ˡ
һŷٽõҹ⼸עƵġ¥ڣĸ˶ðҲڵסǵɫں绽Ĵգվѵ˵زɲǲˣ˵ҲΪ֡˷ֹڷԣԴҶ水ռȶȥִУõϢȴһһɥ
˵ǸĪ쭵ܽ裬ºһ֪˽ܽһ˴ȥӦβһһȥģ񻹸ϵĲרҡܽһȫҵľˡϢ״ѩĸûаסùϵҵˣҲûȻǶ˵ûպͲѩʲôϵ˵ѩΪʲôͻȻϰ࣬һһ㣬֪𰸡
Ϣ͹ɥˣ۴ȥκǿһ˵ɵ˵ĸоκǿδҲ̫һ˰ɣ˵ͬΪ٣ӦӦҪܾҲôֱӰɡǵ͵Ĵ˴һ·̫ɶˡԬ̩ȥ˽ܵ۴˵ģ᲻Լ
ԺһֲԤϮȫѵǵ·Ѿߵͷֻ־͸𣿲Ӽˣҧء۴վΪһȦ裬Ȼմ˵һͨһµļƻ֮СֽγУ󾿾¹˭أһжδ֪ҵƿƵһ˲䣬˭ָ˵Ѿʤȯˣ
ڶһ磬»ָ˻ʱ䲻ˣҪ׼սһһûŷٰ͵ֱӴС·͵ȥ·ڡŷٱ׼ֱӰ͵ȥģһûͬ⣬һ´Ҫ鷳Ҳŷ̫ࡣһ磬˰죬ؾݣһ۲ѡ
һվһᣬһаͳͿˡϵ˻ǲ٣һϻȥϰģһ˸ٴλþòаͳˣżһΣоҲһ·ϣߵϣżҳҶ̣һʳֵ飬һ˵ʲôбʽһרһ㣬˵˭ԤˣбֻǸʽѡ˭ʱصҡҡͷһüϢԲǿѨ磬˹Ϊ֮ϰԺĵһ飬ҪκǿйһŲЩԿɳ֮


һʮ ޷粻
˰칫Ժһ绰κǿһ¡һṦκǿ͹ˣȰ۴ȥ飬һ˻㱨һ˵ͷû˵ȻκǿǾǸ㵽һȥģҪĻҲڵ죬Լ֮ǰӦôûˡ
һǿбеĹƽԣȻһܵʳнĻʵչˡκǿһ㶣룬ĸϰԱ˳ŵģԸʳн̣һи̵ģǿѪ޹ѽʱдھʮǰڵʱڵ˵˼ȽϽԶڵ̵Ļô⡣
κǿǴˣ䲻֪һĻʲôָԣȴ⻰ؼԺ׻˵޷粻ˣûһ紵ݶĻ򳤲һԼй֣µطԸһĻ˵ˣκǿͰѽ׶εİ㱨ͻƳɲǰȥݣѾб깫˾ѡˣԷӦ͹ĻиͿͶ깤ˡһûж˵ʲôֻκǿϸͲˣͻƳɲŻŰ죬ΪѵֱӸ绰κǿмص˵ͷһֲܣʱڻϿҪһиͷĹ˾һССĸ򳤣治֪Ӧ
κǿһİ칫ҳԺ󣬶پıˣԼһǰģҪиʲô飬ʱֱӻ㱨һˣ̬ٸȻͲŵˡ칫Ժ绰ƳɲŴ˹ȥһӭͶ깫˾˵顣
κǿȥԺһԼϣ˳˼ʳһֵ飬ڿӦÿԸ㶨ˣԬ̩۴һﻹ֣Ѿˣصǹһ顣ʱ򲻽ҪκǿͻƳɲҪԼãɲ顣ǰ֮ǸطǵߣҲԼɵõһ£κ⡣
ӣκǿƳɲţϲæµġκǿƳɲҪæžͶĸϲǵΣʵĴܹܣæŹ֡Ƚ϶ԣһǱȽɵģʱԳ쵼Խԣˣˣǧѵһû
ȻһҲһ鶼ûߵĹʱ˻㱨ܴʱ˶Ѿ٣һμס־ĻһҪøùϵóɹǰᡣѽԬ̩۴һȻʱѹסˣҪ˵ǻʹϢġϴ֣˵һţŵĴүһšԱȨ׷ͲоͷһɽһɽߣǷѾƿеȨֻһǳ׻ǵҲֻеǸʱǲŻ᳹׷֡ȻĿǰԬ̩۴һûеɽˮĵز
һȥʱõ̬ȵǻã֮ѷ죬͹۵˵Ӧó¡ʳָʹСϺƷ鶼һֱһͷڼҪɹʱȴвһţѻƳɲȥ˶֪Ϊ˳ɹժӴµķʡ˵һĻǳüʱһûʲôţһȻ֮С
˽̸ãһҲʽ⣬ҵԸʵǲǿʵչˡ󣬵ȻһӦˡ֪һչһӣϾϵĳﱸС鳤һߺõֱֹô˴ȻԸ̣ⲻǵ͵Ŀװ𣿿Լǵ͹˵֪֪ˣܰսʤԼλǱڵĶ˽⻹̫٣ԺҪӲͬ˽⡣
һҲ˸˹ͨҪǿԺʩе⡣ʲôһȻе˼ظ֤Բκ⡣
䣬Фһİ칫һΣһٽ°ʱһͼյģ֪ǴĶ㵽ƬȻǽڵġһõԺ󣬾еԾԾԵĸоǺФ¥ԳȥˡҲ֪ڼϰĽ˼յĴһѳƽȵģȻ˴ûйҹ嵵˵ٶֻߡʮ룬˵ѾһʵķԾˡ
һ·ɱֱٻŷ٣Ȼһȥ÷Ƽףһϰﺫ÷֪һõˣǼˣһ⡣ŷлٻһ߳˵÷Ĳ͸һģлô¡ŷһ⻰ͷӦˣȥٻһš
ʱФٻæðĶ·ФƷΪ׼ˣװҲǰٻ˼ģʲôģ˵ˡ׶ȷʵȽۣ˶ľݡһȥǵ·ģһ뵽ŷ٣û˵ڣǽʱеǻι·
극Ժ˾ʹɢˣٻФĳһȻŷٵĳ
ϳԺŷԾ˸ʻλϣһϴϿľ飬һҲô˵߲ãҲкô·ϵ˺ͳȽ٣ڳѧ˵ǺҪһ㡣˺СԺһͣעǰͺʱ෴ķ˵һ㾢㻹ǰѳͣŷٵĻ˵Ӧͣû㲻ǿˡ
ҹ˷ǳȣӵߣ֪һǼ飬ŷڣֻ̾ˣڻ˵ĻҲʧΪһܡ
ڶһ磬һʱŷѾ׼ͣһţֻ̣ӪֽһԼͣŷٵҸ΢Цʱ˿ҸģΪҵΪ޵Ƿ㣬оǶݵģõġ
ŷ٣һѡаͳȥϰ࣬żΪ֮Ҳһֲĸоһƽյ˽⵽һЩĴš


һʮһ ˮʯ
Ӿƽæµһȥˣʳָ칤бھˡɸκǿ֣úһֱ˻һӦʢ˾˳бꡣù˾˳бĸԭ򣬳˾ۺϿ󣬵÷⣬Ըеĳŵ
ⲻҵ۾ҲĿɿڴúκǿȴصĿעһκǿĿ֮⣬õĿеĶҪӵö࣬⡢ϲЩļʡһŤͷõ˵ͷҲæͷŶԷЦЦ˵ĸо˾ľٴ룬һֶģʵõҲǴźôһʺţѵһôãȻôõ飿
ʢ˾ĴһŽ˿۾̨´ǡ´ǵ⣬ȸлίǹ˾λᣬȻܹ˾Ʊһ㣬ŵһʳһֵĸ칤ã쵼αԹ̵мලĽԺԬ̩תͷĵض۴˵⾹ȻһոճĹ˾۴ղص˵ͷ
ϣʢ˾ͣһھƱյһе㵣Ļû᲻֮Ĺϵ죬һЩ뷨翪ʼ֮ǰ˸绰˵Ϊ˷ֲֹҪ鷳ߵʱ棬ʢȫȨʢ΢΢͸¶һݡһҲöԷڴȽϺʣϾʱߵõ·ӣȴִһߣôе㲻ص
ھƵĹУʢȴʢ˾ίӳԱһƣȻ¾һһŪһеЦáĻõȻǹҲסģǶƱʢ˵ܣɣľƣһһǡʳֽ쵼С鳤ʢһƿʽ룬æѾƱ쵽õǰöʢȸղŵһܲðҿһǣܲӣǶƱֱһʢȻһӣ˱оƣһʢȻҲҵ漴Ҳˡ
ʢһˣؽӱĹ˾ڹģȻĹٳ򣬵ΪλҪȥһأĿǡ֮ǰϰ廹绰һҪ򳤵ɫ£˵ˣһжҪ򳤵ġȻ֪򳤺Լϰʲôϵ˵ҪҪһҪϰĻȥ
˭֪ǩЭ飬ƵԷ򳤶ûʹɫŪе㲻֪룬ͨľƣҲһ̽ɡνĹٳһ˵ͬ裬ؼҪԼҵϰ⡣һԺʢҲˣ򳤶ԼӦûʲôԼԤڲ࣬ȻҲûбҪٸԼʹʲôɫһ룬ʢҲȻˡ
ʢȰ쵼һһ˳ÿ˷һһЦЦҲˡ֪ˮĵ˽ȻΨһģҲá˵ѾˣΪСǮ治˼˻ȥ
һûںޣֱӻ֪׶Լڷ˼ϣṩʲôѱ³ʱһʢĺӸ£֪ƽʱԼûʲô죬ҲǸĻرɡ˵ãһѾϳ³ȥˡ￪Ĳѣ˵֪澿ǶǮ˵ҪģҪǣԼͨʱŬڳΪһεˡϱĻ˵ô򳤺棬Ժһְٰģˮɵ¡
һϴڴԺܾﲻ̤ʵһעԬ̩۴ȼϣкöʱ򣬶ĸڵͷҧ䡣ŬãͷȴˮһգȻܲƽ⣬Ҳ֮УӼ˻ҧءһڵĵǣ֪ǻȡʲôĶ˵ԼӰбҲһϻ֮λ޴ǡڴշת˺þãû˯ţһɴ´·һ֧̣ɳϾ˼
ҹϮˣڴյڵãһ֧̣ǺͷѹǶ˵õķأ⻰һ㲻ΪʱȨģǷǳõȵԷԺܽбķھԷеʱǷǳѰģΪδ֪Ķǳſֲġ
ڶһ磬ֻʱһۣԼ˯ʱ򾿾ˣ;úո˯һᣬˣԹ鱧ԹҪģĻҪٵˡ
һ칫ҵʱԬ̩۴İ칫飬ѾˣǲѾˣͲö֪ˡ߽Ϊһݺ˲裬˵򳤣ϲˣ


һʮ ֺ
һһ㶣ʣС⻰ʲô˼ʲôֵùϲģ˭ҥ˵Ҫ˰ɣ
æҡͷ˵ǣǣҵ˼ʳֵĸ칤ҪˣҶ˵Ժյĵһѻ𡣡
һ΢΢һЦԼղǶˣһ֧̺˵ʲô߰ĵһѻ𣬵ڶѻǵίоĽۣ쵼С֯κ򳤡λлģҲ˵˵ѡ
Ҳ֪Ҷô˵ֲ˵ģҷʲôѽС˵ȻһתһԹԵسȥˡ
һ룬ãòλС̵ƢҲˣϸ룬ȷʵԼĲԡ˼ҺҲԼϲûбҲͰˣԼһԹȻˬһҲԼղе̫ˣʵĻǺܿĵģʼиᣬ۴̼Ԭ̩۴ǣӶʲôӹж
취ȥֺһǸСѾͷҪһ춼ԼһǿŶܡһ͵ϴŷӲԼ÷˵ѴϷģʡһ칫Ժ󣬾˹С󶼲ϲԻ÷һĶǲ֪ڲڡһվ첽ߵǸӸǰһ滹棬ǺٺһЦþȥֺһ衣
һװģİ칫ңڵϴŸӣЦǺǵ˵Сæѽ
ģͷû̧ñǿһʵһվſڣעѾڵϣһʱ˺棬ԼԼ֪ʲôá򳤣𣿡һվǲڣ̧ͷʵ
£ûʲô¡һʱǱŤͱˣİ칫ˣﻢ£ֲתߡ÷Ůӹģֲⶫ֪ǲϲһƽʱ˰˶ֻвֹ
ӲסЦ˵÷ѽҿЩ÷رᣬҳԲߵġװģر˵վһ˹
㿴ɣԵù߾ͳԣԲ߾Ͱҷǲһ˵߰ѻյ˹ȥ
Ͽ˿ͻȻߵͨ죬ȻһС˵Ů͸ģ
һһ㶣룬ôô棬˭͵ģڸˣⲻ͵ˡ˼Ժһ˵ǰɣ
Ŷ֪ˣлл򳤡÷߬С˵ֱӽвࡣı֣һֱĪ÷ֲʲôֵǮĶ
ȫû˼ҪʲôֵǮĶûı֡ԭ÷ֺ⣬ʲô÷ѯ·ʱһ˵Ů͵ġһ˼⻰÷ŷ͵ģȻáǡʣĶһ˼Ů͵ľŮ͵ģôأǾֻһֿܣǱ͵ģġȻ÷͸Լ˵ʲô˼һ⣬ѹͨ죬ˡ
һҪ֪边÷ģ׼Ҹײȥʵ֪ǣʱŷٰ÷͸ʱҲΪ֡˭֪ȴˣֱ֮߸Ժ󣬾Ȼֺһ־磬컯Ūģ
һ綼ڼȵ˷Уûһİ칫ҺüˣһеĪ˯ʱһĥ⣬ǲ˸żˣ˿ģֲһʱ񻹺Ů˵˼˸㲻뵽һ͵óһۣҲȥ۾˯ˡ
ֵʱϲͻȻŽһкȲ˵򳤣иϢձиߴ绰ǵ죬˵ɷһ£˽ʳֹͶ顣
һһ㶣룬⵹һ飬׼ýһзأ벻Ȼôˡܿģһûбϣ侲ϲϲѽûкʵһ¶ԷݣԷûʲôҪ󣿡
򳤣ҺͶԷһᣬûʲôҪֻ˵ǽڸһר⣬ǹ̹Ͷġϲæ˵
ŶǾͺãһһ֧̹ȥ˵ǲһЩ˿ӣݣȷ𣿡
򳤣Ѿȷˣڵ֮ǰ˸绰ձ༭Է˵һ䯵ļߣ˵ǸطŰġϲгػش
ʱﲻмֵ֮ɫսǸߵĵ绰ӵĵ绰ʹ˽ʱأ˼ҵλĵ绰ϲġϲӽ·ˣҲܸˡ˼лϲͰѸղм˵Ҫɷõ˶ӣ˭֪ڴżߵҡײƭĴڣҪ绰ȥԷı༭ȷһ²СϲҲмֵŴ绰ȥˡձ༭ڿһı飬뵽ɶԼӵĹͣϵĵ֮͸ˡ


һʮ 
ϲһЦ˵Էûк˵ʲôʱϲı֣һȷʵܿģ֮ǰϲӡǶԵĹȽϤ벻Է˼ϸ壬һЩСϸڣܶȡӦĴʩ
Էܼ˵糿ˡϲ˵ʱǲǽһ²ɷã
ҾûбҪˣˣûȥأ
򳤣㿴ԣһżͰˣϾȥʾһǡϲװȻӡ
һ󣬵ͷЦ˵ѽԺö೤ԡˣǼҲԸܲɷõĻκ򳤳̸һ̸Ҳ̸̸𣬱Ͼʩһⶨġ
ϲмص˵ͷһȷʾԼзһ˵ѾûԼʲôˣһȴʾ˼ҲɷõҪ֮ǰĹԼ˵Ҳ޿ɺˡϲע⵽һᶼûƳɲţѡ˭˵ʲô
ϲٳŵʱһסתһãԼһԷϲ˵ͷʾ֪ˡһ˵ĿľǸԼǺμ߹ɷõģ˵ԸԸϯǾˡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ϲʹ绰㱨˵ֻҪûʲô飬ʱҲϯһ󣬻ǺܿĵģٵĿǰΪֹöĹֵ֧ģӦһϢԺԼҲӦʵظһЩӣһЩᣬչһ±˴˵ĹϵϾеãҪջ񣬲ǲеġ
ڶһŵ벻ϲ㱨˵ձѾˡһָʾһҪýӴԴ˸绰κǿȥǽһ¡κǿǸмϲѾһ˼תˣʱûͬ⣬ֻ˵ڶȥһ򳤡Ҳû˼һ͹ȥ벻һṦһȻѵ绰ˡһߵͷͬ⣬һһлһֱӹ˵绰
κǿڹȥ֮ǰһԼ·Ȼͦصعȥˡüĸоڼ֮ǰǸǵĸ򳤣벻ѾֿȵȻ֪һжԼһֲǾվһǱȥôԼΪȷһˡ
ʮ벻ʱһļϲͻȻˡһʶʵôĶ緹ʱˣ
ǣ򳤣ҷе㲻ԣϲ˵
һеıʣϲ˵Ŷ˵˵˭ԣôԷһΪκǿ߻ƳɲԼ߲ɷõʱʲôԣȷʵҪע⣬Ϊʱ˵ĻԼҴá
ߺ򹫿Ͷġϲ˵һʣʢ˾ֻһոճС˾ôб꣬ǲ쵼Ϊ˵ġ˵⻰ԺϲʶһĨԼţȻѺһ˦Ǽˡ
һһ⻰پͷһˣԭΪ̵һˣһĻᣬ벻ԷȻб֮ⲻھơһվϲ˵ϲΣɣһȥߣǾʲô·
ãã򳤣룡ϲ˵һĶղκǿͻƳɲڽܲɷõʱϲһֱڱšԷʼ⻹ãǹб깤һЩϸڣκǿڲ̣شȻڹؼ֮㾦һ䡣˭֪ԺǸ䯵ļʵκ򳤣֪бĽ˾ոճ£֮ǰҲûκνƷķʣô֪һٶḶ́
Ȼκǿ֮⣬һӲ֪𡣻ƳɲŽӵϵ쵼ǾۺϿȷҵбġ
ʣеۺϿָʲô׷ʵ
˼ϵ飬ʱǹκǿ׼ʶ϶࣬ڻƳɲŵǰش
䯼״Ըʵϵ쵼ۺϿȷһҸոճҵб꣬ǲĳЩ쵼˼
ȻǼߣ˵һҪˣֺ޸ݵĻջȥκǿ˵
òݳֻΪ䯴粽á
Ҫʲôݣһƿ˽ȥ
䯼һʮˣҿܳ壬˵˭ں̸ʲô飿
κǿվһ˵򳤣Ȼת˵λһһͬ־ҲǱʳֽ쵼Сĸ鳤ʲôֱʡһϼ
һ˾Ȼһ˿ڨڨı飬ߵģ漴˹ȥӣһ˵򳤣ղŲ˼۲ʶ̩ɽ㲻Ҫ⡣
һ΢ЦŻشû£֪˵ССȻ벻ʡ󱨼ߵķۡ
һ࣬λһƲ磬̣޴ӷԼһҪСӦԡһ˵򳤣ãǶʦڸͶʽȴһûκξ¹˾бܸȤ̸һ̸ⷽĻ⡣
ӦʲôĹ˾бꣿһʡ
һ㶣벻ԷдһʣҲϽˣ˼ԺشҾòôٲӦһ¿Ĺ˾б꣬Ĺ˾һֲθУ𣿡
һûش⣬ǳһ֧ϡϲ״æǰһΪ̣һʾл̵ԺһŨŨ


һʮ ʮ
Ժһ˵ͬ־һ⣬һ˾ֵֵΣԼܷбֻ꣬ƾҵĸоһϵеָпˡܸǣ¿Ĺ˾ǡǡǵĿǰéǻ˱Ĺ˾޷ṩŻߣбԭ򡣡
̸̸ܲϵĿָ꣬Լҹ˾ṩʲôŻߣ䯽ʡ
˼˵Ŀǰһܣ޿ɷ棡һ䯵ļһһ˵
벻ԷǿӲԷѻ˵ˣһ滹֪ӦԡԱһֱûпڵ˶˵ʦҿɣλô˵ģǵʱôдɡ
һͽܵ˼һ˵򳤣ôûɣ
һЦ˵ûⲻҪֻҪǵ·ûͬⷢСһ⻰˼ѾˣôдҪؼܷС
ˣվһ˵ҵĸܷܲ򳤣֮ڣͻ֪𰸡
ãҵšһվ˵ΣͿ͡
Ƴɲæʦͽ¥ȥŶԷϳȥһŭĿ⣬κǿ˵򳤣㿴ǲã鷳ˡ
һվӣЦ˵κ򳤣˵ʲôأʲôϵѵ㻹ûп˶Էǳ˭ģ
ѽҲú֣ĶΪǳ޸ģҲ򳤣ղšκǿֹ
û£ô˵Ȼһο˵Ǹøʲôʲô
κǿϲص˵ͷһվ׼ߣͣס˽Ųϲ˵ϲΣȥһǱߣһ㱨ϲæ˵ͷ
һصԼİ칫ԺɫأҪ˵ֻΪɷöǲܵģǵĿ̫ˣȻǳʢ˾ġĻֿܣһֿܣʢ˾Ķͷ˵ֵھϴλãų˭ڱºֿ֣ӦòΪ֪ʢ˾Ļϰ˲࣬Ȼ׼ĻȻȥ£߳Լ֪ûеڶ֪ˡڶֿԣԷǳԼģʢ˾б˵£ʵҪĿԼֿ൱ģΪʱ䣬ԼⴥԬ̩۴һ棬˵ڱԼһӣҲûпܡϲߵã뿴һԷķӦ
һղŸҺ˵ǷݻѪ֪ܶԷԵ˭ҪԼֵĿԶΪ۴ĸǶȳҪ̯½ӹȥȶԷԵֱĿʢ˾˾ξԷĿԼҲȴʢ˾֣ټԼѾˣΣְƽ¡һӦҪƽһС£Ӧò⣬ĻҲͲֵٺȥʲôˡ뵽Ժһϵزĺ룬ϸ˵һ飬Ȼһϣ̬ƽ
һµ绰ԺپһοȷʵܿغԼ֮ĽˣԼԺ;˵ӦҲһ
һ˼֮ʣ绰ͻȻһӾȻ֣ĵ绰һֶԷôʱԼ绰ģԭһСӵŮѺ֣һ𣬸ղ˵Ѻʦȥˣ֣֪ʲô״Ǵ绰ѯһ¡һһж֣ԼǹģҲûѸղŷһһʮظ֣֣һҪҪ᲻ʲô顣һæ˵û£Ѿѳȥƽˡ֣ԲģһһϢҪһЦŰοŹ˵绰
շµ绰һõĵ绰һڵ绰Ѹղŷ飬ϸؽһ㱨Ҳ²򵥣ĻƶһķһɣӦúûйϵ᲻УȻҲų绰ãϸһµĻµĹϵӦòΪʲôô˵أΪΪʡĻȰӦãһ־ںͦţ˵ʱӻȫϣðôķգȥһʤʲĶľ֡
˵绰ԺһķˣΪѾˣʣµǵϢˡһ£ʱ¸־ƣԼһѾȥϰȣҲԵ̫ˣ⻹һ㣬ڱϾûеɽˮʱʵûа취ʱϰӦҲü
˴ŰСʱңǲɫĵ绰ٴһһӣȻ֣ĵ绰һﲻһ֮飬ΪԼ鶼ŮѸںۣԼһүԿ֣û˸ղŵĻţڵ绰Ц˵Ϣǵ²Ҫˡ
һһһ棬ʵ˵˵ʲôϢ
ղŴ绰Ժе㵣ģǾ͸Ұִ˸绰˵úءٺ٣֣Цţ֪Ұָ˵ʲô𣿡һθڡ
һǿЦã룬ⶼüë㻹˼Ҳգֻϵʵ˵ʲôˣ


һʮ 
˵ʡί֯սѣʵڲеĻ绰ٴ绰սѡ֣˵ôɣ֪ڻйϵʹΣԸҡߺߣڱڳˣУҰ˵λս¬ҵˣ¬ʲôģһˡ֪֪ʡί֯ǲи¬ģ
һһ˵¬ʡί֯񸱲
Եģһ˵ҾˣҰûƭңٺ١֣Ц˵ˣˣǽˣ֪ôĥҡˣˣǵʵڲУʹҰֵ绰ûµģ˵һż޲ֱֱϹءž˾ǸʮŮˣ֪ΪΣԴ֣˵̨Ժʹ˳ۡһĻǿЦãֻ˵֪ˡ
һû뵽ǣͨ飬Ȼ֪ڻʡĹϵʵһֱ֪֣ڻʡһйӲĹϵ򲻿֣ܰ׾ٵؾ͵ʡ̨ˣҪ֪ѧרҵɺͼ߰߶ϡ֣˵һȻҲʣ˵֣ʱֻԷԼ䣬Ļʡʡί֯񸱲ǸǳؼλãҶԷ¬մ˿־ܴ֯ϢŵλϣһԾΪһ֮ǣҲӦĽ
ʱ绰˵Ѿ㶨ˣ·Ѿȷʾᷢƪӣ˵ԺǱҲûмٻȥע¡һܿģæʾл⡣Ц˵ҵĴ򳤣ɸ㷴ѽҪ˵ллҲллѽ
һЦǻһǿͬ˹ѵѡ
Ǻǣ⻰˵ĵҲԣл򳤵Ρͣһᣬ˵⻹һϢܶá
ŶʲôϢһһ࣬æʵ
Ұִ绰ҽԺִ˸绰·࣬˸л˵Ǽ֮Ϊ˾ٱ˵Ҫ쵼Ϳһʳָ칤̵ͼתóȥΪ˶סҵͣһʲôͶʽڵ绰Сذ˽⵽˵һ顣
һӦֽ˵ٱӦöǺϤ·໹һ䣬ǵ򳤻ӣԼ棬ǸκĸǰQ
һþûпڣֱʣһŻ˵Ǹģ͹Ҷ˵绰
绰ȫ֤һĲ²⣬һڹʢ˾Ǳ߳⣬һϵˡڿ汻ԼҲУӦߵ⣬֮ǰѾ̽õĿڷ磬ĿԲڿһԬ̩۴һ˷ˡҲǵķ񣬵ĵĲǶ֣ͱУ᲻СˡһȽƣԼⲻܶǲȡʲôʩʣ׵ϾҲǵ;˵ټԼƲ⣬˵ˣЩǰڲ̨ġ˼ãһȥǱһˣͨһ£ǲʲôõĽ顣
üһ󣬺飬æվһһɳ¡Դһĵ绰ԺҲϰµģ˵һֱһڰ죬ûжĹϵֽϱǲǻ򳤣ֻͳ˵ôǵͷԼǵһһ𰤰ӡԩôûţۿҪһù겻
һɥһ˵ӣæ˵ǣ糿㱨£Ѿ㶨ˣձѾ̬ᷢƪӣͬʱҲ˹ˡ
Ŷһѹŵǿʯͷڲɣ漴ת뵽һĿӦǰ㶨ˡòͷѣһԽԽÿǰλĴˣĶôȻ׾ٵáձ࣬ڲʱɿڣҲδҲ̫˵ɡʡ󱨵࣬ÿǿǸɼĴڡ
һõ粻Ȼ֪ԷʲôҲƣ룬ֻʵǵظ˵ôȥ룬ǾˣʲôҲû˵
ӣÿҲʶԼʧ̬ӣεЦЦ˵򳤣οǶѽҪҶ֪ôźˡ
ǣ̫ˣǹλ鷳Ժڹһעⷽʽذìܽѿ״̬һϿҵ˵ĻָϹôװһ㶣һ˵ѵϵͬ־λ֮ʲôìܣ
һҡҡͷ˵ǣˣô£ϳӴǵλͬ־ֺܺãϲһֶԷͷԣ쵼㱨ĶѸٵķӦӦô
üԸص˵ͷ룬쵼㱨ҲӦ⣬ôֱȥǶأ
һʱ˵⻰ʱȷʵûйƵõĸܣӦһܱʡĵĹٳʱôʱһ˵òλԼĴǰ̣֮֡Ȼһ⻰ڴôصĺΪٳ±һȷʵкܶطҪӴ
һõͷԺ󣬼˵֪ձλΪյ˵ľٱ˵ʳָ칤̵бУϵ쵼Ȩı˽ʢбꡣ
һе˼ˡ˵ʵںһֻѷ죬ϢԺǷǳġ


һʮ ͼ
ٱȻһģܻ֮䲻ôӦΪۣĻƻϷĹ򣬱Ȼ⵽˵˼Ժ󣬶һ˵򳤣ϢԴ
Ƿģ䲻˵ϢĶģһԱ֤ǿѨ磬ҲҸ˱ġҿҵĵԺ˸֤һ˵
æҡҡ֣һֵҾһʣҲ˵ôأһ֪Ϊˣ
һص˵ͷȻ˵ǣе㼤ˣеȷʵе̫ˣҪԸңȫӦðϵͬ־Ҳǣе̫صˡ
һĻ˵ͷȻ֪Էָˣ˼һ£˵򳤣ɣ³Ժ󣬸ϴ˺ܲõӰ죬һЩ˽ͬ־ɣǿίᣬڻϰͷβʹҲԶﴫ
һ˵ͷ
һԺԼϰϣһ֧̣˼šղһı֣÷ǳĵģ˾ˣ׻򲻹ѽʵ˭ڱĹ쿪ʱһһʹ˷ڣǱһ˰಻ס˵ԵǶ˵ȻٺòĽˣʹĹϵһ񻯣ԼҲԴУ˫Ҫл뵽òЩԵһȥԼ䲻飬벻һƸ꣬ȻõķչԼ̵ܴô
һõĻԺ󣬾֪ʲôģȴ޷ܾΪζԷȷʵǳ֣Լӭͷʹ򻹲ʲô۶ӳءĻͻлɳˣҲû취顣κһ飬棬ȥȥı׼Ǳ״󣬾ԣԼȥ϶ڱס
ص칫Ժһ绰ܽ衢ѩ˹ͨͿԱ֤ĵίϣ˵Ĳһ¡
һշµ绰ϲ˽֪ͨ쿪飬ʱǾŵ㣬ȻиĿģһһµĽչʱһеظоǰȷʵǿˣǾͰµתһκǿϲ󣬼æĵ뿪һİ칫ҡĽŲУһоǷĵģΪֺ쵼װǷݿģȫ¡
ϲȥûһṦκǿҲ˵绰ԺﻹеµûţΪһ¶Ļᣬ벻ľ档ĵһ᲻ʹǨŭԼ᲻Լڹ䵱һ£Ժϼ쵼Ϊ˸ýԼһ˵һ˳еΡĿǰԣû˭ʵˣǸƼҲõóˣʼնڲٰ죬ڳˣȻΪʣҪһ㣬Էǳһģ˼ίǳȻ£κǿȥҲ˳¡
ԺκǿʳѰڰ칫棬κ飬ԽԽԼáò״һߣۿгͷ֮ˣ벻̯ôһù顣ԭ˵ûʲôʵȨٻһ򳤣ǣڿһжսԼԶȥˡ֪һʲôܱסְոˡ
ûʧ֮ʣϲܹ糿Ѿ㶨ˣ򳤾Ȼ붯ձ棬Ӳذ¸ϲĻԺκǿֱԼĶ䣬򳤵ʱ˵Ļһʱȷʵн飬˵ϻκǿͨԺ֮ǰƵһɨգϲ˵ǽһ򳤳ԸôҪĻҿ¡
ϲȻκǿе˼Ц˵κҪ򳤳ԷǺѽһ㡣ڰ칫أʱ绰ȥӦüȥ֪ͨ쵼糿ᣬһٵϢ
ϲӰʧԺκǿ˵绰κǿ绰һ֮У벻ԷȻ˵ҪԼԷһܾϾµನڣ֦һκǿǿеĻ־þܾ˲̫ʣǾʹӦ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһᵽ¶κǿӰ죬ѽ±ôƱҪ˳еΡ˵ǸӦԼҲųΪչ˵棬ԼκǿһٺʲѡˡͨԺһһĻԷ˳жԼһۣҸЩмǿҵİʾǸһûк³ġ֪ԼƱٳᱻҪ̸ʲô츣һ²ųֻ˵ĿܡԺһǾãĵίһҪЩĵˣԺݺݵشΪǵͼ
մ˿ղŴӦκǿȥԷһôǵѡ񣬲ⰲҲԸǰһЩĵ˲ҷֺ㿴ȾƳ⣬ҺΣһԺ˸绰κǿͰ¥ĿǰϢΪеĵطһţСʱǱߵ˾һܵõϢˡ
κǿһ㶣ղŴ绰ȥʱ򳤺е㲻˼ôһṦ򣬾ȥ¥ˣ벻ס򳤼ȻţȻĵԼûϵֻҪŷԸȥͿˣκǿԼ˵һ£ˣһһֵ쵼͸Ӽᶨںȥľġ


һʮ 
˵һμһҲ֣Ϊμӵĳϲκǿ⣬ȫһߵˣ˾£裬軹ĺѼܿҲˡһ˵ʱһû⣬˵κͣҸٸˣҷûʲôüܿܲΪͨνӴöԷӦһȽʵֵˣϾԼݰǣ㡣
˭֪¥ʱСŮߴߴأܿһվ˵򳤣ã˵ԷҾ͹ˡ
һһƣԸϾǸŮͬ־ܲ˵ûɣֻǳЦ˵룬κ붼һӭμӡܿһĻϵЦˣߵϾĪķϼһߣ͵Ц
򳤣Ȳ衣κǿʱְһΧһԺ󣬾ͺκǿϲ̸ڵͣó½ԺԹǷϲˣκǿæкϲˡ
Ȼһϵ߸տԣ۴Ǳ߾͵õϢˣµһҲ¥Էģǣʱ˻㱨ʱԬ̩۴졢ºںԷǽǵ⣬һ
ϢԺϵļⶶ£Ц˵ڵɪƵͷˡ
½Ļ˵ϵܣҲô˵˵˼ͨ󣬰߰ƽˡٺ٣⻰ȥǰŶԷ绤еĳ֮ȴɼ
ٺ٣ΪǺļߣ˵֮ǰҾ˵ͱȥԺ˼׼ǵʱ˵һ
ǺǣȷʵӵĹ˭Ҳ񶨲˵ġԬ̩ĵ˵ⱭԬ̩ûôĹˣԴԺ󣬾ûһ˳ĵģڣκòüһأѵ˵⡣
Ҳ˵ѽ˵Ǳ߶˼ҼߵĻӲúܣ˼дҲò˵֡۴쵹ûôֹۡ
ѽҲ˵ˣѵʶձ࣬ɣҲ˸ղŵĵ֮飬ҪĻǵⲽ˻ʲôأְæˣ
Ҳ̫־˵Ӧһʱ䣬ʱѧģһѧʶձ𣿡Ԭ̩ΪȻ˵
ϴ˵Ҳǣ᲻Ǳ߰æѽ±˵߰ϷһָƣҶףȻָ־ơ
Ϸ㲻Ҫģ۴϶˵ĻԺ󣬶֮ɫڴġ۴һھԺ˵ûУȥĻô˵ܲ˵мϲɷãǵʳͶ깤ǲвеɡ
ԣķ̫еˡԬ̩˵˵ʲôƨʢ˾һʲôè壬Ļô̳аء
ԣȥǼҹ˾ʮ֮ǰոעģҵĸо˾עĿľΪ˳н̵ġ˵
ѽǻʲôĵأȾƣǺúõغȸʹ죬顣Ԭ̩ٱ˵ĻԺͬУһڸˡ¾Ʊһ˲䣬۴ϲһ˿֪Ϊȴ
һɢú磬Ϊĳע̫ľƣϾҵȽϴ󣬶ĵľȾƣǽȻ硣һ׼ϳʱ߹˵򳤣ܲӴһܿҾͿǡ
һȻûоܾĵĲ֪ܿļҾȻסһ𣬲ȷʵмϰʱ򣬿ܿгһϳܿ͹ˡһΪڸʻλϣ벻ܿҺĳţֱӾ˽һæãˣƻһƨһصϡһֱֻһǸо޷ݡ
ܿʱʶղŶһ죬벻״һߺ죬æ˵һ䣬ԲһһڨڨЦЦ֪λشﲻ뵽ⶼҪԲĻԸԲҡ
һʱʶشǰٸ˵ŲôʱеģҲƣƤ͸ģˣüëǱ׼ҶüΪ׼ɫ١Сط˵ӦҲŮˣѵԬ̩ǵһԼӴŮͷйһ飬棬ǲˮرˣŮ˵Ƥǰװ׵ģϼˣܿҲˣмŮͬ־Ҳ˾ôĬĬţ˭Ҳû˵ղŵĻ·˸һþõػ֮ȥһοǣϾǰƴôط¥᲻ӵĳ̣ȻȵðѼܿ͵ҡ˵ģܿļȷʵһסĵطúܽϸ˵ֻһӣȴˣһȦС
ܿ³ʱһлȻ˵˵˾䣬ʲôʱʱ䵽档һֻ΢Цصͷȴ룬⻰ʲô˼ǰʾ𣿼ܿѾͷǰȥһ¿ﰵЦԼ˼Ҳһ˵ȻˣȻΪǰʾʲôģǻˡ


һʮ 򳤷
һڴϣͷĬĬϵĻ飬ԼôĶ֣˵ʲôϣЩǺܹؼģ˵ˣ𲻵ã˵ˣбŶԷ˺ĿܡȻһ˺Ϊε飬ϾǶԷ̫ˣĻԼҲûʲôôԺĹΪشϰⲻϣĽԲ򲻵ѣǲͶԷ˺Ƥġ˼ãҲûҵһȫ֮ߣֻܵʱˣһһˣ㵽Ϊֹҵ΢һ㣬ҪöԷоۡ
ڶһ磬һ֮ǰˣǺټģҲΪĻȽɡʱһҲôõģԼˣԭ˺ܴˡվڴڣĿȥӳߣһ޴þûôˡһһһ򣬷·һһĺһ꣬ûнһĵĶ־ʹǽܵ飬侲ϴԺڰ칫ǰ˼ϣܰģ˼·ˡ
һҲ֪ĥ˶ã͵̧ͷһʱѾˣæվðɡȥ칫ԺõعˣһΪʲôµģ벻ȻǼܿлġһͷһɣ룬СٸѵĶԼʲô뷨ٺ٣ҪʵĻҵ̫ԡ뵽ԺͻȻʶ軹վԼǰæЦһ˵û£֮ͬСæʲôһлɣ
Ҳ˵ģƫҹԼĪһ䣬ת뿪ˡߺһѸٰ˼Щ˻֮ǰЩĬĬֹһ顣
ŵֵʱһ豭ȥίʲôʱ򵽣нģǧ϶һҪǰ浽ֱί浽ԳԼݡҲǹٳǱ֮һϲϲⲻ⣬ôȥͻñ˺Ѱ졣ϲһ浽ĳίԿ
һոԺþͰؽˣಽظں棬ϹأֱʼǱֲ豭·СʱȲ裬ܿʳʲô³ƵġʵҶʼǱһдֵģ豭ҲһȲģһƣ˵ȨһֻһֲеȨҲһôǿԼЩ޷ܴȨ˲ŬҪ˵ʲôϱţڹٳϾвͨġҪôű˵ļǰһҪļ򱻱˲ţ˼ǰһ˼򵥣ȴʵ
ԺϹأ۹ÿ˵ɨһ飬ȻٿնŶ档˴Լһң˵ˣ᱾ҪǴӦö֪ϳ˵״Ҿúʹġ
˵⣬ͣ˻ĿԬ̩۴졢¡ɨһ顣Ԭ̩۴ıֵ򶨣ºе㲻ôȻˡһжõ룬ԤһȷʵûԩǣȻĵ̫֪ˡ
̸һ̸طȱ̬Ժеͬ־һЩ֮ǰȺúõصǲ𺦵ϵļ棿ҪǼҸĻɱҵʱ²̨õĻ͸ࡣȷʵΪҪһʱµĻһùľͽá
õĻԺԬ̩۴ʶػһۣһӱ˵ˡ˼ҵ˼ԼģǲŵǣѵþȻѾ֪˭ڱĹǾͨ˭Ĺϵ֪أõĻһģ֮ǰǶԶԷˡ
һҲע⵽Ԭ̩˵ı֣ӶһᶨԼжϣɤӣȻ˵ҿ֮ǰȴкĻеأҶ¡
˴ף룺죬Ǻˣ㷽ҵ̨ģݵһ䶼ָ˭û˵úô¡е˵Уֻڹĸʵʩߣúһ֪ߣѩܽҲѾյһкɲ꣬ŵ˼Ѿµ˰˾Ųʮ
һڲĻصҶ֪λձļߣ˵ɷʳֹͶģȴץסбʢ˾ţǲϵ쵼˽Ϊǿ˺ţ˷㡣˵Ժһͣ˻ͷ۾һһɨط֣ԼĿɨʱԬ̩۴졢¡˶ûкԼӵһ飬¶һ˿Ц룬Ȼ顣
һǰĲ豭һڲ裬˵ʱκڣηԹңҹȥԺûôԷӡĪе޷еҲҳеطҿԱ̬Һˣûнܹһʢ˾룬ûܹһ˲ţҪȥʲôýˣֱϼйزŷӦؼίǵĵ绰룬ҶУҪǾﲻĵĻȥʡмίǵĵ绰ҿṩһ˵⣬Ŀӥɨȫֻһɱ˵ӭº緸˴Сѧһͷ
ü״⣬벻һı־ȻǿЦ˵򳤣Ҳôͬ־ǵﶼһ˳ӣô֪˵ġ
һõĻԺ󣬲һˬ룬ǰȻ˺ˣһֻƻϺꡣȻʶ˶ԷıҲﻢ£ֻм˵˵ûҲͬ־ǣ֪˼֮Ϊյ˾ٱ˴绰ȥ˵ϲùͶʽջʵȴɳ²֣ͺʢ˾˽ǩ˳аЭ顣Ҳ֪ٱˣֻ۾֮ǰͺʢ˾ǩЭˡƾܲҪõģ˵һ㣬ǻẦ˵ģȻһǺˣҲпܺԼһ˵һʱ򣬿νɫЩĻ̥ľѡ


һʮ ҿյ
ܽһһͷһЦ˵±Һɣ򳤵ĻԺҲ̲ס˵䡣ʳָ칤Ӧ˵˵Ѫ˵ֱӲеκ򳤺͵λΣҲΪ̲ġҶ֪ǰʱҴȥӦβǡͬУʱȥʡйزҹϵġھڱǹҲе̫صˣ٣ġ
ܽĻԺȫһƬȻλúȻڵίϷڣʿյĿ࿴ˡĻ䣬һŮ𣬡ǡ򳤣Ǽ֣ŵĹϵĹ˱
ǺǣƳ⻰ɾˣ˼ʡý壬ҪվʲôϵܸԤ˵ġЦŶԲѩ˵
ѩ󣬳õ˵ͷȻ˵ǵ⻰ҲͷˣҲ˵ɡ¸ղ˵˾ٱģȻֻ˿ȥٱһ־Ǿʧܵˣһǡ˵Ժ󣬲ѩͣһԺ˵ǵһǿ⣬Ͼժӣеģȥɳһ˲ҲӦǺһֵˡ˾ʲôǵĺڣѵͣͲǰԭ̤ſģֻǿǺ򳤵ùˣǻ˵šĻ滳Щ˵ľǲʲô⡣
Ԭ̩۴һĻԺ󣬲ûָűó磬бƵˡ˲ѩĻϲ¶˺֮ɫʱԼѣ벻˼ҸָһǹԺ󣬻˳ܽĻ˵Ѿȫһ㶨ˣԺöŵ㡣
һ֣µʢ˾ı飬ͶҵԽԷԸ˴Ⱦôҿ˵óϷףˣҲѡʢ˾нʳֵĸ칤̣ȷʵ޿ɺǵġ
֮ʱĲˣڴеûгֻ֣һⷽĶϷԬ̩۴Ǵͷβƨûзһʧܽ衢ѩӵһЦ߳ңֻԼĿھʹĸоԬ̩۴졢¡Ǻʧ֮ɫóǵıӰͲݺݵһڣһȺ²ףߵõĸǰЦЦȻ˸Ķλ˼Ҳе㲻ʼįˣ׼˽ľǺ֮˽֮
һص칫Ժ󣬰Լղŵıͷһ飬ӦúԼԤ趨Ĳࡣվڴǰ⿴ȥѾͣˣ֪ʲôʱȴԺһθߴѩɣԸڶһԼһӱĳһ仰粻ֹ漴ͷ߶ǾԣñøЩɣ
ʱһĶȴûôеԬ̩İ칫۵Сۡ˺ϰʱһģһʲô鶼Լˣһȥ¥˭Ҳ˲ˡڵίϣһı̫ǵˡ
ڿ֮ǰ۴ԤеҪ鷢Ϊһ絽칫Ժ󣬵һǷձͷβִβͷҲûпҪĶ²ǵһ桢ڶ棬һ涹ҲûСʱ۴һƨ̱ϣľѡһ֣һǵѡ񡣼ѾĻƵУԷȴ񲻷Ѵ֮׾ٵػˣԼڲ֮ء治֪Էȷʵǿı˵ǲŹʺˣ۴źߣһܲÿôðɣ۴췢Լû˵Լ
ô֪˾ٱģթǰɣһۣʵ
һ̣Ȼ̵̻Ҹһ˵Ҿò񣬿֮ӣӦòթ
ѽͬµĻԬ̩ӹͷ˵Ҫǲ֪Ļõȥ˵ɲڰ칫ô˵Եģί˵Ļɶм¼ġỨôĴթ˵Ǽ˲Ҳʲôû˵𣿴죬㿴ء
ҺǶ˵һ£թǵģӦȷʵһЩʲô˿˵ȥµʱûʲôѱ۴˼һԺ˵
º󣬶ҡҡͷҿԱ֤ûСںһƫƧĵ绰ͤȻ绰ʱһסͲⷽӦþԲ¡¿϶˵
󣬽˵Ǹ绰û£ҿԱ֤Ҳס˻Ͳɤӣ˵ǼʱҲûǸǰ¶档绰ʱҵĻ˵ԺҾֱӹ˵绰


һʮ ƺ
ǾͺãڿӦǴӱǱߴϢûƾʵݣҵȺΣ۴˷ºĻԺֻ࣬ҪûƾʵݣҲ͵Ϊֹˡ˵ûܰһԼҲûʲôʧ͵ɰɣҲûʴס
Ҳûʲôõİ취ֻв֮˻Լİ칫ңϾΪϵҪ쵼ίոտĸ˾һСᣬȥĻҲ۴ص칫Ժ󣬴ϰϣ۾նŶ׵ǽڣʱǾɥ˼㡣ϵһĲһ壬ۿȥˣ˭ֺ֪˳ԼצʾϿºбƵˣ۴ߵ̫Ѩͷۡ
һʱѾ֪˾һ飬ղ㱨ģСԽԽиоˡһ΢΢¶һ˿΢Ц䡣ȷʵɿģҪľǶԷֻжѰҵǵʼڽ䣬ʱʱıĳڱһǹܲ˵ġ
¸㶨Ժһڿ徻һʱˣȻһЩƺҪ׻ԶٷؿΪ·֮ǰ깤øСϺСףҲٷĹ򣬵ЧӦ˵ͦġ׻ӦȲʣµٷȥһ֪˵ǲүҲԼѴѾ൱ˣͷ־ƴкãҲ֮˽Ƶԭ򡣺Ľ͸ˣԷ֤Ȳϵλ֯ʩʢ˾˵齨ģǹԱӦܹ˾ģЩӦᳵ·
ʱһĴܴһŴȥŷФ顣һȥŷʱ򣬷ֶԷԴž쳣أѾ֪˴ŵݡһԼùˣҲм͡һЩ⻰ԺһʹžվˡһΪ˫ǣߣʶһ¾ͿˣԺ֮ʲôͺûйϵˡٳ֮ʣſŷʱȥӲ죬ŷҲӦԺ󣬴˵ŷسһҲںͣ룬˭֪ݲøӣ˵ŷ˵ҲǾ֮Ͱˡ
ФʱʮĴϯФƷɵ⡣ƻڵֻʮ벻һôˡίίίĺӣ˵ʵûԷֻΪ˱һأ벻ϵʱ򣬼ĺӾ־һģФƷɵⲻѡ˵кݹϵигؽԪҲ׼ʱˣФƷɵ֮УΪ֮ǰٻĸ׾ͺ˵
ФǰһڶƼ쵼һģ˭֪ίһФҲûǿһФǰìܣ˵ԼФĹϵӦð֣йһμӣŷٿʲô뷨˼ȥˡ
һſڿŷٵʱ򣬹ȻһĨϲ֮ɫȻܿιȥˣûж۾ʵ֮ǰŷٵҲìܣϣ֣ΪٻøŮƵģۼͬʱֲϣһŷе㵣ģҵģǲ̼ܵһȻһʱŷٷԼسһ
ռȶĳʽţһ־ƾȻ䵱Фٻ֤ˣФƷ־ƵлǺеλõġһѰһᾴ˼ĺӡؽԪ־Ƶľƣ֮ǣ־ƽܣ˾֪֡һĥҲûиףѵԼھȻôˣﻹеС⡣
Ժһĵظŷٷ˸Ϣھǰȡŷٺܿع֣֪һ֪Լһ߲ˣõ־֮뿪ã־Ʋûͣͺͼĺһ˳һע⵽˾֮־ȰѺؽԪϳģȻкĺӡɴ˿ɼͼĺ֮ĹϵǷǳӲģֻŻвڳľٶҪ֪ĺӿίίȺؽԪߡؽԪϳ֮ǰҲͼĺӴкġ
һԺ󣬹ȥФ˸кĵضˣ쵼ǶߵòˣʣµҲ֮ģοԼȻĶͣ
սӣһԶͿŷٵĳסףȻѸٵش򿪳˽ȥһϳԺŷ˹ϵɣѸСͷȥʱһŷ֣ĳȻûϨǸŮˡ
˵СԺŷٱرػаһѹµ˼Ժһľʱ£ŮҪǷ˻治һܳܵˣһԸеƯŮˡ
һȥˣת䣬ʳֽ蹤ȴȻģϣ˶Ͷߣ˵ˡһæϲý͡ɲϣΪЩС£̴ʲôӰ죬Ļ̫ˡ
֣¶ʮģúһģͷźˣؼҲûʲô£ټ֣Ծ͵֣Ȱǰİ೵ȻֱӰѳϴεľԺҲûզզģѳͣ¡
մ򿪳ţͻȻܽҲӳˣܽ迴֣Ժһ㶣漴첽ӭȥ֣֮ܽȥһİ칫ҡһ·֣λ֣һȣ߱˵֪һжãѾԺؼҾˣҲǿģϾһǶμ尾ӣиõĽȻο
εһ칫ſڵʱûһѾˣ֪һŮѣܽǰ·軹Ǹ㲻ףܽôʶ򳤵Ůѣ˵ӦˡƿԺ˾ֱ˽ȥһͷļܽ˵ͬ־ѽôҪˣûȥӭһ£
һ⻰Ժæ̧ͷֻܽԼǰɫ֣ͨʱ׹ԷеҪָ˭ǺǣܸϡѽȻΪϱ͹ллˡһҲܽ迪Ц


һʮһ 
˵ʲôأǡ֣Թһ䣬ͷ͵Ѿˡʱһ֣˵Ȳ裡˵꣬õתȥˡܽҲ֪Ȥ˵СģǱ߻е飬㿴ô
ˣϻе顣һ˵֮֣򹫿¶档
ܽһ¶һĨЦͷ˵ףףǸͣҿһҪúллá
һԷǹı飬ϵղ˵Ļʱһ󺹣һҲɫһȻԼ˼ǷȥҪ֪֮װ׵ġ
ܽߺ֣ʩ˽Ѩһָ磬վһһۣղ˵ʲô߰ѽ˭ѽȻҲղǾ仰ë
ǺǣҾһ˵˭֪Щͷһ쵽ʲôѽһΪԼԩ
㣬㣬㻹Ʊ磬˵òã˭ô˵ġ֣Ļŭˣµ
һæ˸Ķڹʱ䣬һ֮İ칫ң泳µģô¡֣Ҳʶղ̫ˣϰԵسһСͷ
һһһ飬֣˵ҽĴȥе飬㳤ʶ
УƫƧСϣҳʲôʶ֣м˵ãҾ͸ᣬڿʼĿԴɱʧӴ
һ󣬿϶ص˵ͷ
°Ժһһ°࣬ߵʱ¥ѾûʲôˡԺԺһãҲûпϤĴգعͷؿ֣֣¶˵΢Цͣڽĵɫһָһ׹ˣһԼδѳˣ˵ʵԳ֪ʶ֪֮٣⳵ٿȥҪȴС٣ƿӦòô͡
ϳԺ֣һŤԿףֻءһһһ벻⳵ȥǲС֣ǰԺС͵ش˳ȥһһαص˳ϡͲ㿪⳵ȥôô͡һµ
֣Ц˵㻹Ǵѧأ֪ʶûС⳵ܳʴأҰ˵˽ģ˰Ūġ
һֱҡͷԼ˿ȥǸ쳣صˣô⳵ÿأǸ㲻סΪǴջԼ㣬벻ڣ粻أһ
˼Сݣ˵㶫Ժһָ֣ķȥһȥμûԾСѧʵʱ򣬾·ߵһĵطʱƳɲź˵òеУͦ׼ġ˺һֱȥΪжЩţ˵øֱһ㣬ҪܺĵʹرФԺӵǿ֣ԼҲʱ䣬Ǿ;һȥ
ܿǸ·ڣһ쿴֪Ѿˣ·߲гĦгõ·ꡣȥ֣ܵؿ·ߣʱͿļˮƽˣȷʵһȲܱġͣóԺ֣Ժ󣬻⳵ǰβһɼ⳵治һӡ
³Ժɫδڣʮָۣǰȥ֣ѾһȻҪԼȥǺܿģһ£ʲôʱʡ뵽⻰ʱһ󳱺죬ãڣһȫעعע·档һٶ׵С˽ʮӣһšǳһŵģ浣ıŽš
ǼͰ߷Ժһ澹ʮˣģϵĶУһСﱼܣ֪ҵģ˼ҵġһյ谵ĵ£һԼѮ̫ʦϣ˫ַڰϣڲԶķıԼһֽȣȥʦķ緶ʮ㡣ʱǰվˡʦ̧ͷˣһƳվһ֣ϲЦտվһ˵Сӣ뵽˵ţվȥһ֪ʲôãһ֣ݡ
ݵĳ边£һСһķʦһһ֣˸ƣȻ˵ãղ˵в㣬뵽𻰡
һԼĳƺһ࣬ѵͷ֪Լݡ֮ʣȴ֣͵͵ЦˡˡֻЦӲǱţջûбסһʹһ֣Цʧ
ʦ˼Ůѣ¡һ߽⣬һ䡣
û£లҺͽ֮Ůƽ͵˵
ĻԺֱŵĸоҪ˵ղųƺһ˵⣬Ͼһһ֮סͷʲôطʱȻ˵֣ǽ֮Ů˾ùˣФ֪֣ݾҲûˣܽҲ֪Ҫ˵ФǰͷģһҲţ˵Ф֪Լ֪֪˵
ղ˵Ůǡ֮Ůһ̽һ䡣
߸һԼĺ룬Ƥû̧һ£˵Ϊ˵òѲڣɷ׼ǿλУĩߵĻ˵һ֣亹ֱðе˼˵֣ٽ𣬽ĩģȻٽ
ߵⷬҲû˸ղŵϷ֮ģִ֣һг˳ӡ
ã֪ɲԣһʵ
ǼȲţأֲͣظź룬˵һ֣˵úһ飬һġ߼״΢΢̧ͷ˼һ˿Ц⣬˵ûʲôúߵģⱾǺƽ飬ţע˲š⣬Ƕλ˹󲻿ԣɽҰСſڴƻƵġ
⻰Ժ֣¶ϲ֮ɫקһһ½ǣ˵˼ң֪ˣղŶðҪƽϣΪָ䣬֣˵һָһ
¶Ц⣬˵ڹټң̽磬಻ţм仰͸ˡ
һæվһȭ˵˼Ҵͽ̣Ϊղŵð֮⣬شǸ
վһ˵Ϊ֮һŽ˵ֻһ仰Ҫ͸ˣλͦˡһ֣ѾΣȴߵĽԡ


һʮ 
˿ǵı֣⣬ϵЦˣۣǺ˵ľˣˮǿɴߣؾĥѣԵպһΪ
ߵһ˵Ŀɿڴв֪֮СĬһ֣֮ʵʦһһʣ֪
ʲôѾ֪ˡ΢Ц˵ղ˵ԵйԵģˮ֮գǶ֮ʱãá
ʦ˵ʲôأ˭ˣ֣ӻҪСɫߺ죬޲Ҹطȥ
ͶˣԵ־עܲˡַֺϺϣϺϷַ֣ԵδӲҪΪ֮ţʮ޵ͬȣ޵ùߣԹԵ˵Ȼ˶һۣ˵ãã˺עԵˣܲģֻʱδѡһ¹󣬶֣ɫ˵㽫һ׷Ŀ꣬ģģ
ߵĴЦУ˶һŰԪЯֶȥǮ׷ʱǵӰѾʧҹĻСҲźֻǵ˵һ䣬ֻΪܶѣгһգܹԭġ
ʱ֣һѾĬĬţþûзҲû˵κһ仰ֹ˺һԺһſ˵˵ҵǾ仰ʲô˼
˵ôĶ֪ʲô˼֣㬵˵еɻԤ֪δ֮ǰһ㶼ţԺе㶯ҡˡ˵ǹʲôģҲͰˣϾ򳤣пʶ㣬ô֪Ұֵأô벻׵ģѵ칦ܣ֣񿪻ǹһԼɻһԶ˵˳
һɻصͷĻ˵ѽҲ˵Щ͸˵ҵľ仰棬ֲָָ֪ʲô֪Ͳʲôˣķҵġ
ԣҾֵͦõģȻ˵һ׷Ŀ֣꣬˵ҲŲܣ仰
һ̵˵ͷɲϣʲôᡣ
Ҿľ仰ӦָˣҲĸԺ󣬻ô֣󵨵ز²ǲе
һΪȻ漴˵ҲӦָˣɾָ˭أľˣǲѾˣ䣬֣
Ӧÿ˰ɣһ࣬Ѿһ֣֮˵
ѽ˭أһ˵
磡ϰ壡˶˵֣˫ץסһ磬۵ĳֱ졣
ۣۣɿѽˣ
ٺ٣˼ѽˡ֣˵߱־ԵСͷ
ľˣľɵ𣿡һ˷ܵ˵
ѽһ˵мֵѽ֣˵ڷд˸֡ʲô˼أһ˷ܹ֣侲һʡ
ˮǿ便ʲô˼أһ૵˵˵˼ͷ˽һͷ
ˣȻȥɣʱɣҲһʱ֣˵㷢
ȥʱ֣ĳȻʱ࣬˸ղʦӰ졣һһֵ˼ղŵ⡣ϵʱȻǺͷһòʱȰһߡ
Ͽûбݣȥɣһ֣˵
ã֣߻ش𣬱ߴ̣Ѹٵʻȥ
ƽİ·ϣСܵ׿Խ˳Сʱʱ䣬Ѿ˺֣ѳƱſڣ˸λͣ÷Ժһᣬ˵ѾõգǸƢСһ治ȥ׳ԡȻƱݣҸģںһĶֵϣǹء
ڴԺһͷвͣظֳЦòԼһĻǡľˡָ־Ųɣ˼֮Ҳû便ָ˭󾹲֪˯ˡУ˳Ǽ仰⣬һµ⣬˵֣սΪǿ϶ģȻĻΪʲô˵һ׷ĿأⲻԵǰì
ڶһһ𴲣֣ĳ͵¥ˣѾôкҪһˡȻʱ޷֣ҲȥݸˡϷԺ󣬾ͻˣ⺮µģľȻǰ䣬ҲҪؼ׼׼Ҫˡ
˳˰ӣ˶һů복Ժٰ֣ѿյһĶа㶬ĸоһСʱԺŶڼſͣ£þͱıسˡȥһ֣ĺͬŲٵ̾ƺУһõе㲻˼˵ӦԼСĸ࣬ڵ񷴹ˡ̬쳣飬ȥȣй֮޲ҲΪ֣һֱչõԵʡ
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һ磬úһԺ󣬶ٴٿר飬ϯԱǸŵһ֣ǡΣ飬ֱ١ͨѹҲҪһһشȥױнһµĻɾˡԺϲͻƳɲŽ˹֪֪ͨͨϯÿһˡϲͻƳɲſɫأȻκεæȥһһ֪ͨˡ
չϯ￪᲻ͬǣɫʵУŻ֮Уһв֮СͿü֧顢Σ̻ϲ֣һ֧һ֧ϣͲµ
۴֣Ԭ̩һ÷ֱ˻ǰ˽ûȽϿҪԼзֵµ˵ýʱȽ࣬һע⵽ڷ֮ǰݺݵغڱеĲˮƪ۵׼ˡ˷˵˵䣬ҰеҪǳˣͲҪٵˣǿ⻹᳡𣿿ͬ־ѴӴ򿪣ȥ˭Ѭιȥ
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ݺݵ˵Ҳѣˣк󱳷֮Сɢʱ򣬴ߵʱ۷׷ףֹҲãҲգõĿǴﵽˣٴڿʼû˸ٰ鲻һˡǿƵıҲܳһ֮⣬֪һ˵䣬벻˵֮ݡ˻ԼһǿӲ֣ܹ̣óֵʱҲһ㲻Ķ֣ҪǺĻʧ֮ҲͲԶˡ
һע⵽ղɢʱ򣬴ϯ̨ʱ۴קһԬ̩䣬һ֪ʲô۶ˣһ˵⻰еϣĳϣ˵ı֣Ҫûʲô˵Ķ˵ȥûš
ӣ˷·𶼱˷һ㣬ǰĸǡúһڴزһֵĻԺǸܵѹȥԺȻͻѹת޸һӴĻ͸ٵתˡǻĹҪԣ˵̫಻Ǹõ飬ʱ򣬿ȷʵõķͨЩСĻ飬ܹصҪ󡢾ѸٵشﵽÿһˣⲻһָЧĹʽ
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ȥԺ󣬹ȻһϵĲö绰Ҳƣ˼һ绰ȥίһ¡һܾģڴı飬͵˵ͷһһ£绰ֱӴٻͿˣĲ˵ЩСĸһ㶼ߣһ»ĴݣӦûʲô⡣
绰ͨԺһת˵ԼʣٻȻʲôһĻ飬ϯвֵ֮֡̾֡⣬ǿСˣĻͲǺˡһһлԺֱӹ˵绰һתԺþþõûпڣʵﶼˣĲμԱǽʡСļİŶЩŵ쵼˵һ˫н쵼ΣǶԴǰһ׼ϿɣǲģǼڼĹУʲô⣬Ǿ͵˴ùˣòٳְΣգ־ƵĻڴҶš
һѹʵ־ƿڿԵһ֣ʲô⣬Ҳûʲô̫ĹϵʱҪǲ֪˵ʲôãӦʾףأһǰǸطòףػ˵㡣
˳Ĭһᣬÿ˵һѽˣǸǻǻ㲻ֻа쵼ҪذѸðãһҪи˻ģҲûа취顣
һ⻰Ժܲζæοǣˣĸһᾭ飬϶κ⡣
ǺǣԸɣñ˵ߴǼһ˿Ц⡣
ʱһַµ壬һص׼Ӧ˵ĸ׼ȷʵúܲһؾһ˿ģʲôԼǺҲǳ˵ĹҰɣⵣ⣬־ƵĿܲ˳ʵ֡Ȼܷ˳ؽУ־Ƶ;вСӡһȻϣܹ˳ԸĻԼǰ·ҲӿһЩ
ڶһ磬һίĴԺһطһųѾͣԺˣ־Ӧ͵ˡһһųӦúԼ֮ǰ˼һ־ϣźܴѹĿǰΪһ򳤵Լȷʵ޵úܣֻǾܵԼϽΧڵ飬ϣϰ
һᣬμӻļ˶ˣҶʶԺ󣬶ͷ⣬̬Ȼû飬ȻҶѾ֪ٿĿġһע⵽򳤺üͷĲģԼ䣬ͷϵİ׷ǲǶ˲١κǿĳ־ơ˽⣬ǶŷҲȻɼλӳ̶ȣίظһϤ


һʮ 
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ڴҵڴ֮Уʱܿʮաʮʱ־ƾͽӵ绰˵쵼Ѿеˮسˡ־һε黹ее˼һʱǷϢһµʱ㣬ǾȻѾϹæó֪ͨеĳίСʱԺ󣬺һȥؽӭӡĹӭĴͳȻˣ쵼ʱϻܲ⣬û˵˭Ϊʲôµġ㲻쵼ﲻˣĻɾʹˡ
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ˮԼһСʱĳ̣־֪ͨгίǣ׼СʱԺȥΪ¥Ժ΢һᣬؽ绹Ҫʮӵʱ䣬Ժ󣬹ҲȲ˶೤ʱ䡣ô˵Լ˵ûϵ쵼Ѿؽˣ㻹ڰ·ϣĻǶ쵼Ĳ
¥Ժ󣬶Ľ֮ɫҲ֮УϾ׼ôʱˣ˭Ҳһϳʲô⡣˵ƽʱе㹴ĶǵģǹģʱӦöһ¶ģΪҪǴɹĻǴҵġ䲻ٿԶԺ˵ؽгɹҵһݹ͡־ƿϵı䲻̫ȻšƤЬȴܹʣ·һ㡣ﻹǺģóߵǾ仰˵ʷ֤һ˻Ǿġ
˵ؽԺ󣬰ѳͣ·ߣʮһſ·ϵ˶Ͷ񣬲û˭֡ĵϰҲУ˭ǵٵģһۿȥеƣĹԱȫˣһʲô·ܺ棬ԶԶģ˭Ҳǻ·Ͽͣء
ʱ־ƽӵ˵绰˵Ǿ͵ˣ漴һվ·ߡվú⣬һ㲻ѵصʿ־ƺ˽ܴͷں水ߵվһţ˽Ҫ־ư벽ʱû˻ǸƻɵˣĻȻܵ˵ų⡣
ֵ˴ԼʮңڴѾõǳɫڳ˵УǰͷˮصľǿԺ󣬰ѳȻתͷȥûͣ٣ûкһжôȻǵѾɣԻȥˡ
ͣʡƽϣһŮӳ˫֣ŸԵˣʱְ񶼲ҪҪ˫̬ȡһѹ󣬸ϳѸٵ𶯣гǰ棬ֳ񸱾ֳ߷ھ溰·ϵˡߣȴЧؼ˶ϰΪԱվˡ
ίظĴԺԺ󣬴һ˻ҡ־ƴί»ӭǣƽҲҪ˵⣬ȻһƬҵУμ̵Ļ顣Ժ־ǵƽ˵ʼϣ˽ţһڵ¥ȥ
յ֮ʣþͽӵ˳ǿĵ绰һ࣬ߵһߡһʵ֮ǰѾõϢˣٻϢ֪ͨģʱ˸սίԺøһѾ˵˲ûĽֻɳĬĬس̡񱩷ǰƽһģѾˣûһİţֱʱûиһ뵽ʱǰ¶һ
ϵʱ򣬻ƳɲǲǿСѧѧһӭʽȲҪʲôͶ룬ҲͲ˷֮˵쵼Ǽ˵ﻹϲԻԾһµʱաԺҲһ⣬ǾûƳɲȥˡ˵ʱ伱һ㣬ѧֻҪڼƣںžͿˣӦòʲô¡ƳɲϿ⣬ǿģƨƨȥˡ
СѧУ˵Ҫöʮѧв֮ͬæȶӸԱٰ¡ƳɲΪзľϵĸԱеϸһ֪ȷѾȫԼ˼ŷĵ뿪ѧУ


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һɫأΪЩģ̸ֵ֧˵ǣûɶõĵģѾźˣʲôġ
ѽҲô롣ñ߽ӹһݹ̣˵֪쵼ǲȥܣҪʲô䶯Ļίһἰʱ֪ͨģ԰ɣ
һ֪ô˵Ŀĺڣʲô䶯ĻϵӰӦò󣬲þˡҲѹе󣬿ܲŻ⻼ûʧһһ£شһѾͼ쵼ǹͨˣʱʲô䶯Ļίһἰʱ֪ͨġĻҲǵʧְҲ򲻵ǵƨϡһˣⰲοһ䣬ѹ󣬼絽ʱʲôĻͲˡ
һĻԺеҪЦĸо룬Ķ֪˵ʲô飬׻һ㡣ĵʱ䶯⣬ʵΪЩСѧǵģҪ͵һǰĻЩѧļƻˣʱȻһǰ⻰˵ˡĸУܺͱ˷
龭ĽŹԺϻǺģ֮ǰ־ⷽ滨˺ܴ˼ŷһˣȥ˺üǰѾɹؼѧϰ飬Ժȡ侫ȥɡһ׼ŪĶȻûʲô˵
Ժ־ƺ˽һ͵ϢȻһصίӳԱڻǹ־ȼ򵥵ͨһ½ȻĹ˾岿
ĿǰʵؼӦ֮أΪϱϾǾ̬ģֻҪ׼Ӧòʲô⣬ʵؼһżȻ̫ʲôܷ־Ҫίһ磬ϰǰвμ첿ŵһ֣ȷһʱ䣬Ȼһǲǻʲô⡣еĻֱǶŷ㱨˸ȫȨί͸سԼֹܵĸӣµȥμĵλͲŷ⣬⡣
Ժ˽ŷ֪ͨظκ͸Σİ칫ᡣίץģظץʵġ־Ѿ˾ϣ幤سȥʱɲӡ⣬ȷʵǺʷϵһ£˭ҲϣԼϳʲô£ǲԲ˵Ŭ˵һ㣬Ϊʷϵˡ
˽ܵıԺǶе⣬ϼһһôתˣô־ƵĹ֪᲻ʹʲôҪĻˣԼ˵ܴ˽Ҫ֪ǶȻĻ˵һֱƨϡ
һϵûʲô飬ԹԺ󣬿˻ӣ֣ͨ˸绰׼˯ˡ飬뱣֤˯ߣо
һᣬֻͻȻһȻ־Ƶĵ绰æ˽һΪϰʲôԸԼȥ˭֪ǿһ׼Ҳûʲô⣬ǻ϶̸ġ
ֻԺһ뵽ϰѹȷʵղ˵ǽӭӼ飬˵ǺԼ䣬ɼѹжһںʱҸ˵˶ûУһһ̵ظоΪߵĲס˵ǰ⣬ʱܵѹǳġ˵־ǿӲˣʲôõĵģֻǰʱһǨȻȻ飬ȻҲΪؽƽ֪ʲôʱ˯šκҲеô򵥣˵Ҽбľʵ˶бľ


һٰʮһ α
ڶһ磬־ƺ˽˳緹ԺͬǾͳˡ־ƾÿĵǣرʣһ磬̫ͺƣᵽʲô¡ԹԺ־Ѿ鳤ƽͨˣȥֳ˳Ͱպİšƽǿһ䣬ҪĹֻȥô컹ô죬ҲʡίҪ쵼˼ʵģΪӭӼĻӡ־æͷǡ
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һûеȵίĵ绰̲סˣֱӲ˸绰ǿڵõ϶ԺĲų׵ط绰ƳɲţȥСѧȥö顣
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һӵ绰Ժæȥͨڽּ׼ֽһûʲô⣬ŷĵȥæͷ˵ʱĹЧʣµ͵ˡ
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ʱҲоΧе㲻ԣʶԼٶл˼Ѿﻢ¡ڿֻоˣ¥ûƳɲŰȫߡ뵽Ժæ˸ƣ漴ŻƳɲʹ˸ɫƳɲҲѾ񲢲ô쵼ĻģõɫԺУȥУӵƳɲָʾæýʦǴź׼뿪
ڻ֮䣬ǻһһСŮˤ˵ϣ벻ǣ⺢ˤԺɫ԰ף۽գǻʹȥˡ
һ״æȥں棬ȺӱȽϽѺӷڵԺֵĴָУҲһ˹˸̨ףԺ󣬴תͷںλҲΧ˹ȥһԺ󣬺ƵתҼ״ŷæһʦĦг͵ҽԺ飬Уʦʣµĺӣ뿪һæ߹ȥУ䣬·ߣɱٳʲô顣
־磬ڶݵæµԺ󣬻ָƽҼ翪ʼƻȥ鿴ϣʵز鿴һз·ûзʵ˭ﶼҲһСС⣬ΪصĴӰں˴ԼһСʱ͸ؽˣļ顢߷öûٳʲôӣһжƻС


һٰʮ 
߼ԺƲֵ߽˰칫ҡһҲܲζ׼ãôͻء˭øӭʽƳɲûôĵӣԲǴ𰸾ͺˣһʾôȥġҵ٣һǿҪʲôӭʽͷҲģڵã͵ʴס鱾ԣһûʲôõĵģһ֣ţ֪ҪȻ޴̸ĵǣ᲻Ϊ飬´ʧܣĻ־ƿɾ̫ùˡһ绰һ¸ղŵ飬Ȼ䣬治֪绰Ķ
һԥ֮ʣϵĵ绰͵ˣ绰־Ƶ񿭷ɡһ־ȥ칫˵֮ǰѾ绰ˡһһµĺû˵ڣҪ֪Ļ֮ĹϵһڵģҪԼȥʡһпȷʵ֪֪˵һȻΪѡ
շµ绰þ˽һæվӭӣע⵽ϵɫܲã˵һƬɫ޹⣬·ʱ򶼾еƮ״̬ήҵúܡһڻԺ˹һ裬ȻشˡѾ֪ղŷˣ򳤣Ȼ˵飬æעſڣֹ˹š
һһ̸֧ãȻΪϻ𣬳Ժ󣬲е㻺øղŽӵ񿭷ɵĵ绰ԺеˣȻ־˹ȥΪ˱͹۵˵ºһûʲô̫ĹϵԼһ֣ҲԼһָģ˵һ򲽽¾ǺһйϵùĻԼϰһǿһָơ
һҪ˵ʱÿ˵һ򳤣°ģҲںˡ⻰ȫǴкĿ֮ǰѾãҪ˳ذ°ƽһ
ô˵һȻٶ˵ʲô˶˵ɱ˲ͷأοûԼ쵼һһ£ʵǣ⵽ô£֮ǰʱ򣬲ûţ
һһĻһ࣬ҪԼ޵˼ȳƺͺֵζǣǣϸ磬ȻһֱȽĽзĻ͸ȷˣʱûţȴˣⲻĽһ˵⡣һĻ˵ܲҲɷϣ˵ȷʵʵ顣ҪõһİԼó
һ£˵򳤣˵û֮ǰʱȷʵûţ°Ժ󣬵Ļҽ飬Ҳûж˼Ҳ˶쵼һأǾͬˣ벻Ȼ⣬㲻㡣һ֮ǰþѾˣֻƳɲˣܱܲסԼ˵ƳɲԼµĵɽؼʱֻ̣ܶ䱣ˡ
һһе˼ȫƵ˻ƳɲŵϣһΪûмʱһͨ˸ڣ˵°Ժ顣ʵһ֪ЩѧĺŵĶô죬ӭô룬װôͳһôһҹ֮飬˵нʱ䣬ôû֨һЩһȻ˵ˣĻʲô˼ȷ𰸾ʲôҶ֪Ȼ˼ڳ󣬺βӣ˵ԼĿβҪ


һٰʮ ֻ
üһϾˣȻϿԼĹ۵㣬ͳݸһһ֧Ȼװģʹһѻ˹̵Ժöһ˵֪ϰǹȥʲô£ѵ£ĻӰ쵽ĳɰܣ˵ɻҲĿǰΪĵģȻӦòôأﻹûס
ʵҲһΪĵ⣬ѰοܲڴʱɡһһŨ˵Ӧû°ɣǰŲǲܣӰ쵽Ĵְɡ
⻰󣬴һȻҲ֪һ˵Ļʲô˴ڼȻ֮ʣҪõ˵ͬþһ״̬˶̶̵ļӣ˵֪ϰϹȥʲô˵
ûµģϰҪ˽һ¾һο
ʱϵһҪԼ䡣һһۣһʵǵذ飬ϰ㱨ġ
һһҲõĻжˣղŻе˼˵еȫеȻΣһ汳ģҲڡҪֻһһΪ˵仰һ¡һæ˵ϸģ˵ģһ˵Ӧûµģϰ岻ھΪ顭
ԸɣϵܣæҾȹȥˣǳԹԺһȥñ߱˵ѾСȥʳùʦΪˡ
ãǷˡһ˵վһֱ͵¥ݿڡ
ʱί߾ҿ˹һҶŸղŷ飬һʱ䣬˵硣˻첱Ӵֵġ
Ԭ̩۴Ҳڰ칫Ŵ£Ԭ̩˵¹ƹһģ㿴ʱϴɫ࣬ð
¹ֵ˭˭쵼ǰͷģȷʵԸͷûһĴ󡣡۴ֻ˵
ѽ֪᲻ʹ˱Ԭ̩˵ֵͣʳָָָ
۴쿴Ԭ̩һۣЦ˵ӦòɣҪΪ±õǱԩҲûܣ˵ʱϴһǿĸų⣬ֱһˡҪõĻϸлˡ
ٺ٣ϵܣ⻰Ϊʱ磬ֻûһƲء˵ǻǸС²֪ܲܰҲӴϡԬ̩޺޵˵
۴룬˵лָһȥԺ򳤣㻹һλֱѽ㻹롣⻰۴쵱Ȼ˵Ԭ̩˵ҲûлᣬôصĺĻ˵ҲҪеһΣĻлˡ
Ǻǣòɣϴ绰ºӣһȥֺһ£þûôˡԬ̩˵˵
ͬһ£ȻֽȻ̬ͬȣǼһϲҳҲһ˵˻ĵĹٳˮһСģͻᱻͷˮУøӲʤö١
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һٰʮ ̬
һԺ󣬿ʱˣ˾վߡϳ֮ǰһعͷһĴ¥۹ڵİ칫ҵλ֮ͣС
һǲе̫ˣΪ¶ǵıĻǺٳܻһصĳ̶ֳòҲ̫һ㣬ϵϰ֮ǰǿӲĻҲǾûпܡ˭֪أֻܾ䡣һϣþʹ뿪Ͼ˴ӵʱ䣬죬һΪҪԭԬ̩۴һʱѹסˣûг䣬ǺֵĻԼĴɾͼˡȻôģҪؼҪ´ĺԼϰ׼ô죬벻ãڹֻ־
˴Լһ·̵ʱõĵ绰˽һһӲ֪ǱѾ֪ͨˣ˵ӵʱ򣬵־Ƶİ칫ҡһʱ仹磬ʱߵ㻹ûҲ˵ȥʲôĵطغһ֪ˣ⣬ڽӵ绰Ķ̶ʱ֮ڣѾˣȥģ͸ȥģͨʵжһģǵԸһ䣬ǵĳ˵ԺڳĿϣۣϢˣʵͷȴڸߵתţϸǰľơţţһԺ˯ˣ˵ʵʱȷʵȽۣ֮ǰæ׼ӭ飬ֳ飬Ƿúܡ
½һʱһ˵ʵʱŷԼղžȻ˯ˡһ⣬ѾίԺػͣλæ£Լѹ֪뾡ӰţӦҲһѡ쵼һ̬ȡѾ֪ˡ
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ί¥ȥʱ򣬾ҡŵĵƶţЩ˸ӶŵĲţҲǵƻͨҶһ̬ȣٲҪʧ꼰㡣
úһ־ư칫ǰʱ򣬺⣬ΪȻڵϹ˼ȫޡһʼһ㶣תһˣд˻ûлǻںҪ뿪һӭյسǡ
˶һۣһС˵ǣҪȥίһ£ղſǱߺڡ˵ͷȷʵûеطȥܲڴɣҪ͵ˣ˼š
ȥίԺ󣬳ǿأһЩңڣһһһкԺ󣬾ͺһ˳ǿİ칫ҡٻæ裬ô˵˿ɶФ쵼Ӳ˵ʵǿòʮִѾˣ˵һҲΪûϣմһһģҲ̫֡
⣬պѹ֣һһһЩл˭Ҳûᵽ飬Ҷڿرܡøоǿ̬ȲǺ飬Ҳû취飬ů̬ʱ˼ҲʯͷͲˣ㻹ָӴ붼ˡһǣҲмֺڣʱʶ֮ǰԼܰˣΪǿӡһֱһȽʵϵˣ˵ı֣ɼµĺǺصġ


һٰʮ ʧҹ
ٽߵʱסˣһʹ˸ɫһԺվǿǡǿʱǷǳ飬ͣһкʱ֪ģ⣬⻰òֻһһ˵ġƲѣȻҲã˱ûʲô飬ټ̯£˼ԸŹ֡
˵ǰ칫ſԺȻǴŽһһʱ䣬˵һУϤˣеĸоһθоźȨħһ仰صίǾͿʲôҲǡ˵ϳᣬĿǰʵ־˲ͬ𣬿´ҶæֳޡΪ봴ɹĻ˳䵱ˣ˵ãǽżãҪ
һں˼֮ʣõݹһ̡֧һڽ̵ʱԸоֵĲȻǳ΢ȷʵڡһʹΪọ̃룬ǿղŵıָ÷ǳǿҵİʾ³ǷݵݣãһĶ񣬾ܰ÷顣ɴ˿Կ¶õӰǷǳģѾ޷ܵĵز
ĬĬس̣˭û˵һǰһƿ˽ŵϽִʱһϮ˽ֻû泩ߵߣԶȥ
ҹ̸ֵϻ·ƣеĴǼǰʱװأʽǳȺܵͣǧƪһɵĻɫؿ·ϴæˣǻǸո°ؼңȥҹ࣬ȻæµĿҪǸϻȥͼžۣҪΪŬƴ͵ط֣ԼȻûĿ꣬ÿæµ֪Ϊ£ƲЩնĿںŲ̸ǾΪʲôأΪһգΪԼ;Ǩǣֺ񶼲ǣԼһЩʱ򣬴ûǹЩ÷Ҳ˵ҹȻʧˣʧίǰ칫ҵǰʧڻƵĽֵ¡
Ȼ䣬мǿҵĹ˹Ȼȫ˴Ժ˵־ǻˣһоõ΢΢һΣȻһЩšһæһƣʶӦõ¥ݿȥ־ƲԵøΪ𾴣æһͶмһƳȻ¥ݿȥ
˴Լң¥˽ŲһǰһԵʽƤЬôæϢӣͷոһ׶Ѹ٣νѵء
־׼һ¥ݵʱ͵طվǰһúһ˵д̬ȣҲһɡԺ־Ըоƽɫԣ־Ʋѡǰļ˳ȥʱҲ˳ʵֳʲôģ׼ҲǸ⡣
£ҪǲĻԲһ飬ƽıȴȽǿң־֪еԭ֮ʡīټǿᣬǿñȽ϶һҪŪʵҲҪطϴȥʲôĸƽڵĵ鴫ʡȥĻпܱųµط֯СѧӭѧΪ˻ʹȥ顣⻰īĶĽĵ֮Ҫط


һٰʮ һ
ղڳԷԺ־Ҳƽ˹ͨ޵رʾ߾ԲϢȥҲ˵ƽֻҪܺˣ¾ͲᴫȥƽҲһж־⻰˵Ŀȥʱղ󳼣ޣٸһصʡȥʲôҲǣССӦ˵һץһѡ쵼УǶĿ϶ûͷģǿǵòʧ־һ˵Ҳˣ˵˫ֽһһŵһ໥Ρ
Ȼƽˣ־ﻹǺܲˬ֮ǰĻһǿҪʲôʽԺί췢֪ͨвűĹ״̬벻Ȼǳ۶ӣ־ƼúһԺ󣬺ݺݵصһۣȻֱ˦칫ҵķȥüıԺûףֻಽظںšһ־ƵıԺҲһ࣬ѵĻؽйӰ죬ӰĽһﲻҲһѺ
˸־Ƶĺ˰칫ңٽ֮ʣһطֲ񿭷ҡҡ֣ʱĲ㶨µӰӦò̫ǰĵظõĺ棬վ־Ƶİ칫ǰ
־ֱǰˣŲ񿭷ɵݹĲ裬ר־غšһʱ黹ãÿǽŵòУСе㷢ĸоͷҲеҪĸо־Ʒ²豭Ժ˫۶סվڸǰˣȻҪǶãʶؾӦøģΪƾһ˽⣬Ӧûôȥɡ
ò֪Ǻõʱֻˡһȭص˰칫ϣúһ͵һ벻־ƵķӦǿҡ
򾿾ʲôãЩΪͿڵĶܴɹˣҪĻ֮ǰĹҪˣֱӶԱ˶վڴԣһ˷һС죬ӭˡõúһѵ
־ƵĻֻеͷķݣ䡣
һԺ־ƽ˵Ҳӣ֮ǰû룬Ϊʲôһǿ׼Щ˶ԴĻһôҲҪȥⲻ˵ģʡ˵ģ챻ôһ㣬Ҫ˵Һܱ˼쵼ܱһ뿴Ҫ´ȥĻʲôӰ죬ͬ־ʲôӰ죿
־Ƶ⻰Ժõһķϰô˵˵µĺӦòô̫صģٲӰ쵽ĳɰܣҲΪĵġ־Ʋ˵ˣ˵ǣҪһ¡
־ƺһһ㶣ѵʱˣΪԼѡ־üͷһ壬ҲûֹһҲĿԴþ˵ʲô
ǣҪϴȷʵĲԣԸκδһµǣºһûаϵȫһ˵⣬֮ǰûкԼӵԱ΢ͣһᣬ˵һʱͿûпǵ¿ܴغǶȷʵһûйϵͲҪˡ
õĻԺ־ƺһһ㶣ΪΪԼѣڿȴǰһժĻԺһȻûвڵĵƺ־һȻ˵֮ǰȷʵ֪飬Ȼ飬ӦҺһеǴˡ⣬һעض־Ƶĳƺͷβǣû֮ǰһֱеġϰ塱Ǹƺ


һٰʮ 
ĵĹٳƺнͬһˣʱƺԶͬʱҲҪֳϡһ־ƵĹϵܽƺΪϰ壬֣ۣԽ磬ڣǳԺ봦֣ȻֻܳƺΪǣɳϾġ
˵ĻԺ־ưɫһѵΪʲôʵ飬ˣĵӻŽһİǲõе㲻ǵطͣˣһڲԺ˵ò˵㣬ƽʱ㲻ͷԵһôô㲻룬ͬ־ֻһģô£˵ȻһȺСѧЩӲҪѧʲôȨ뿪ãӭ
־ƵĻԺǺһ󣬰һģǺ޲óԼ͡ڹٳϣҲʮüˣôʶûУԲĴˣԼʱôûзأڵ޲ðѻƳɲ̻ˣʵǻƳɲŵĴҪԼһ¶ƳɲžʮƵ⣬ҲûáʱԺơ
һõıԺ֪ԼΪ˵һʱһ־˵ǣҲΣûмʱֹᣬһ֣ҪĵĶԷ࣬Ϊ֣ûܹʱЭصĹҵʧְ
һ˵ţ־Ƴ˰֣ʾͣȻ˫۶˿аң˵³ҲͳˣĿǰӰӦòҲͬ־˹ͨǵĴҲʲôӰ졣ԺĹУһҪʵ¿Ը㣬ҪʵڵݣǾŪЩĶҺ˵һ׻ûʲôµҲûйϵֻҪﰲŵĹľְãͲˣܱȸһҪǿ
־֮ǰĻѾһˣһᵽɤۡȻղ־ƺ仰ǳԼ˵ģһҲǵС˼ˣڽôøղи׳нһժǾһ˼ľôһȡ־ƵĺøУΪԼһڵˣһʵذԼ˵ո顣ڿȫȷģ־ҪеĴûбİϷɱס˫ۣûǰݺݵôһôʱáĸݣһҲΪ
һ־ư칫ҵʱ򣬾û۲ѣһСʱʱ䣬һֱվڣϰû˼ȻҲκľٶϳԺһ͵ط־ƸղŷʱԼмηĸоǴûйġ˵ºûйϵǷĵһ־η֮ȥʱĥ־Ҳڳɳϵƺͳʱȫһˡ
һں˼֮ʣֻͻȻóһ־Ƶĵ绰æ˽ʱ־ƵѾû˸ղŵѯһµô¡һͰľԭԭظ˵Ժ󣬻Ͳﴫһ̾Ϣһᣬ־˵û¾ͺãһ浣ǲǲͽȥˣڿҵĵǶģʱɵòҪŬһЩϸڵĴϣǧ̣֮ѨõҲһξӣǿɳģǿܸ㶨ģԼŬԺʲôֱӹңǴ绰һæ˸лȻ󹧾ع˵绰
һٰʮ·겻
һĵ绰Ժжѣ־ǰԼֵһԴҪͲ绰ѯˣ˵Ǽ仰Ϊ¼ĹϵΪԭ򣬶˵ġǧ̣֮Ѩ⻰һ㲻ԺĹУֻһˣ޾ϸܰһЩȶѿ״̬ղϰĻУҲ͸¶ӦûһĺģҪ˵ԼͽȥѵĻʲôӦòܰɣһȷš
Ժӳһĳһ״ҲæӳһԤϵһʾлģĸлҲӦõİɣΪһû侮ʯһʵʵڵذ˵˺ü仰
ûؼԺӡѾ˯ˣɳһãͳһ֧Դӳ˵һ֧Ժ·ͳһܸתĻҲͣһ֧һ֧
ôҲ벻ףΪʲôףôԼôѣܼ򵥵飬Լⶼ졣ӭʽ쵼Ҳ°ƫƫڹؼʱ̣ȻиˤˣˤҲˤˣȻ˹ȥǵùѼˡڰһĻĻ룬⾹һӾһ㡣úõĺôιȥأѵվʱ̫ˣӦòѽԼǳȥӭʱ򣬲ûƳɲŰѧټģѵǻƳɲţͰѧŪˣ뵽Ժͷд˸ʺš
ҹĳ⣬Ԭ̩۴ˣȻǲΪգΪ˷ܡϳԷףԺһȥһģʲôͲ˵ˣҶġ
ٳŵʱԬ̩۴еһĵ˵ȿҪǲеĻ취ˮˣҪе˵Ӳôù۴û˵ʲôֻ΢΢˵ͷҲ˵Ǹᣬ˵ʹ˻һЩϵջ
ڶһ磬һϲй䣬칫ȥߣѴҲҪٰó˵ˣ뵭µӰ졣Ȼ־ƾǸʲô̬ȣ֮Ĺϵܺã⻰ҲʣٲôҶ۷׷ףòĹҲǲ
ԺϲһҪȥˣȻܲΪȻϲӦ취¸˵ûʹ̨˭Σǻŵ¡һҪǲ⣬ȥˡεУһӡ֣򳤲ڣҹ䣬Ը֡һҪ֪ϲ뷨治֪ǿ޺ãЦãԭҲܳΪһŵ㡣
һ겻Ԭ̩۴ˣǾȹϵһ㣬תϵĵ绰ǵùûʲôϢʱ򣬲ǴǴ㡣ٽ°ʱʧˣͨʲôȥ˽⣬ûҪúһϢǿ֪־˹ȥģܲȥɣΪʲôûκϢأѵͽйȥ˵ˣζԸ⿴ĽԬ̩̲סˣֱ۴졢¡˵绰һȥ¥˽ӵ绰Ժ󣬶ͬź÷ĻᣬǾʹ˷Źˣеѡ


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˵ĶԻԺָһ˵˵СôôģҳԷԭλֵܡôǲǳʲôˣϰҪ鷳
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˳극Ժһȥ˸裬ϴԺʦ˸ţҲ쳣һس޸ŵǸʦպã˵´һ
صίԺһڷģûĻͽΪֹˡ񿭷ɸղѾ˵úˣе㻳ǲϰͨ񿭷ɰ͸¶ԼҪղô˵ô϶أһ˵ʱҪʲôĻų棬ȻΪ˵־ƣǸ־һڡҪίµĻԽѣʡί쵼Ĺӷˣʲô취лһѣʡί쵼ĹӷˣԺ˭Ըȥ
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һƷԺ󣬸׼ϵıֽͻȻ˵һԺ󣬷ƿŽˡһ⣬һôءܿ˵⣬һȥһˡһһɣûʲô飬һԼء룬˼Ѿˣûоܾĵվŷȥõİ칫ҡ
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֪ԼϰһȻйϵҪ̸һԺֱӴųȥˡԼ칫ҵķƣϰʱ򣬻˵ЦģһṦԼȥʱһ㻼ûʧģе޴ĸо֪ô£Ȼùȥһˡ䲻֪ʲô£ͨ÷ı֣жϳ϶ǳ¡
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ҡҡͷֱӣ۶һʵһ򳤣ʡ㿴ûУ
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±ֽԺһζؿһǻԼĸĹɡԽͣѾȿˣ򳤣ûע⵽۵ߣ
һãȻҡҡͷҴɨһݣûעߣֽĩȥ䯣Ȼһϴγ˿Ժ󣬶ˡ


һپʮһ ¼
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ôʱɫѱȸղź࣬һᣬ³˼֣粻ֹǣ
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Ǿ벻ˣƬ˭ĵģôôɾһĻΨһֻһܣƬ֪鷢ŻĳطһжҪһĻ͸ˣ˼·ǸˤȻʹȥпȰźõġһ뵽Ժ󣬶е㲻ˣҪĻǲֱ̫һ壬úԼһݽȥĻò˵ѾˣΪⲻ漰棬ȫæµõĳؽйʹ˸ǳעδµ̫һ㣬ʹԬ̩۴òҲôɣϾ˫ĽûдԵĸ档
һʱõ飬̫ˣΪǸ⣬ڿȻڱȻԽܡսʱɫ֮ôڿҪΪһмͬ顣
ǣ㿴ڸôأһٴʵȻҪõΪԵ
ô죬ҪҪˣȥɣ˵
һߵ˵ôأºڱǲܾôˣĻЩС˽Ӳ񡣡һļȫװĸоҪѾĵߣķӦŻǿҡ
ȥϰ壬ô˵ҲҪ˵ȥĻеˣһ޺޵˵
Ȼûпڣȴ¶м֮顣Ǻһ־ķģԸĻԼ˵صĻᣬ㲻УҲȨҽˡһʱ˿̣ٴȥҲûʲô壬վǶȥֻǴվԵһҲû⣬ʱ⡣
һص칫Ժ󣬾ְһѣȻȷʵں海ô͵ڰԼø̨ǵĿġԼǸ壬һ£ԺҪٿչѶȸжõİ칫ңһѾеϵԲ˵˸ղǷ˼һδԺһ˲񿭷ɵĵ绰Ͼ¹ϵشȴӲ񿭷̽һ¿ڷ硣
绰ͨԺ󣬲񿭷ɸһʧϢϰһ絽칫ҲСʱͼææȥˡҲǰѰݹȥһ˲䣬Գ˵һȥӦ졣һһлԺ󣬾͹˵绰
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һ룬ִ˸绰񿭷ɣϰԺ绰񿭷ȻӦ˵Ǿ֮ͣȴһԼһ飬ֶΪءֹһθһҪһùϵ˽ǰ;ĻǼͬʥּһ㣬û˸ҲοҲȷʵǶδаĽ顣
һ˼Ļֽ̻̣ϵϢڲСʱʱʹ˵ίߣҶ۷׷סó糿һһԺ󣬾Ҳû뿪칫ң緹ҲȥԵġһڴ񿭷ɵĵ绰Ժ󣬾͸ȥ˸绰ߵûһο͹˵绰
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һַڵ绰ϾþûջͷɻѣôҲ־⻰ʲô˼һܷӦģٶûκӰ죬κ־ҲѹϣһǣСһ벻ˣںѵ˭ܸ־ʩѹҪ˵һǰ˽ܺǶֵǸʸ񣬵ڵĻǿܻûǸ
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һһҹû˯ãͷ﷭ȥľ⣬ȥǺͰһûκͷԴӴ·⡣һǸ죬ҹϡżһܷɻͷɹȴܿ⣬զһΪƶءһǰһУﲻһ̾ȥôãһűͻ㲻
εһûǻľٶҲͲкһķӦ仰˵ûγľٶԻʱըһ˵ʲôʱͻᱬըĻþͳһùɳöʱըĵ뵽ʱһе㲻ţѵĻԼ㣬һ޴Ȧף־ƶоѹ֪־ƵıģҪĻ׵˸ıѹϰҪǣУȫǳڶıһĲӿһм֮飬־ƶĹⱲӶΪġ
ڶһϰԺһͷԻģȻû˯õԵʡеһϣ׼ϢһᣬֻͻȻˣһȻŷٵĵ绰һپһΣʱæؽкʳָ飬ѾóʱûϵŮ˶Լû˵һ£Լϵٴ绰Ļ˵ӦҵΪأرǹٳϵˡ
绰ͨԺŷٸһһ˵Ϣ˵ٿίᣬ̸ǵ顣һǳһæŷô֪ġԭŷٴ绰ŷ׼е飬˭֪ŷûʱ䣬һҪٿίᣬ˻˵һ䣬ίǵ顣ŷѾŷ˵߷ˣ׼һ绰ģ˼ΣջǷˡ֪һһΪԾͲٴˡ
һ˵绰ԺﲻֹŷӦýŷٸԼϢΪʲôФƷɺײûиԼϢءһ˼ãҲû뵽ʵĴ𰸣ֻΪҲ֪ľݣ˵ŷô֪ģͲö֪ˡ
һ֪ϢԺ󣬿ãվȥãȷϢ٣ξģҲ޼£Ѿߵһˣ˭Ҳ޷ıʲôˡһ˸绰񿭷ɣȷһ¿ί顣֪ϢԺһѾȷһʹ˱ˣڵĵǣ˭ĹҲй嶯᲻Լ漴ų뷨ϾԼǳӦòһĻ˿϶ûпˣ˵ĸίֵ˹ǾͲóˣΪǷΧ̫ˡ
һں˼֮ʣֻͻȻεεжŽˡһֻһ֣ϢдšʱҪ˵
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Ȼһϣ˰칫Ժײ˵Ǵ֯һ̸һæ壬۹۱ǣǹģ׼ġײ˵Ŀǰίίоһͬ־ʱίһְ֯һûʲô뷨
һæҡͷ룬ǣôܻʲô뷨أǲǳԱ˳ŵġ
ײ˼ȶĳԺҲһԺĹҪίתˣǱߵĹȶԺ󣬾ͻᰲ˽֡һæʾ˸лźⷬײƶһǲὲġ
ײƵİ칫ԺһһֻȻεĸо֮ǰһֱԼҲΪܵǣ벻ھȻø˳һҳ˵һ֡˵ʱģʱ䣬ԼҪ顣뵽ԺһĵغС¼״̽һ䣬ôģǲҪˣ
һһ㶣Լǲе̫ϲɫˣ¶ˣҿˣҪǲЦݣ۾ϡ´ӺӾ￴һı֣ﲻһڣ쵼ôģƨ£Ƕ¡
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һپʮ ҹ
һ֣̺ܼ򵥣ײȻü򵥵ؽ䣬һҲ˵˼㣬Ҫ϶ڵһڼ䣬Ĺס˵һЩûӪķϻǲ˵У൱ڶڼĸǹ׶ۣҪ˵Ҫ˵ˡһⷽгֵʶʱһݲݸ壬ֻûаó˰ˡ
һǹõȥҲԼӵ˽ϰ̸ݣ˭֪ײƽֻ˵ͬ־ٵίְã˵ȥŵδȴûӦĽãӦҲǻĹٳɫˣһЩ;µĹԱԺʱûӦλãһʴ˵ò㣬ĶǾ쵼ˣȻҲӦŬ쵼һˣͲ֪Ҫȵˡһ֪Ӧûⷽĵģ첻˵ĵĵĸо޷סģʱڻԣʱһĻǼǲܵġõĳ·ϰһѾӦİţֻʱڹͰˡ
ײƵΪƵĪԬ̩ˡ糿ʱ򣬼ײһģĲѣ˵ﲢû򰲲˵˼ͺϣˡĿǰʽȻѾûϷˣһ˳ǵı򳤵λãѾûܺˡ˭֪ڵĽȻһһԬ̩ķŭ֮ײ뿪ʱ˵棬ֵ鶼ûˣ·ײûһ㡣ıֲһ۴쿴ҲֱҡͷҲ̫ûгǸϡһ£ﲢûаµһΣһʱľٴ룬Ӧ˵ϣǷǳġ˻ûôأȻԼţ۴ԼʱЩ˲һʱǲһȷѡ
ܾԬ̩ǽѾͬһˣֻǱ۾ߵˡ°֮ǰ۴˸绰ȥ˼һ¥һۣԬ̩䲻ߣҲûоܾ
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ΪίǣһӦø˲ǣΪܳΪһֵģܷʡҲ࣬ȴһ˵ʶûСײԺȥõİ칫ңȻҲ˵Լİ칫ҡãѾжΣӴԺӦ޹ϸԴʱ˵ȽϷŵÿ
һҲΪ⼸η鲢ô򵥣ͺϷһ㣬һһӦӲϾôĪر˽ȥһ⻰ԺʵΪȻ˲ֵĻֵ˻ôʱ;ֻΪ˰һССί׽ȥ˵ˣǸʸ˵ڶԷĿľڣһһӻ˵
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Ҳһ˵佻ĵĻ˵ԺһĴӼѣһҪСļҽǹ׶㣬ѷзǳ̵ᡣһҲ˸лһٱʾҪΪСþܾˣ˵ߵò׵ģʲôУ㶨ˣȾơһ⻰Ҳûǿһ˵־Ϊ˲ĳ·ֻǶһְοꪳɳŻϣԼϡøղŻָǹԼ㶨˶֪
һڴϾþõ˯ʱھż̵˿ڵġҹһʱᵽǧǰǸҹżԺǡ˪죬Գߡ˵ǳͬߵĽһģҲ;ͬˡһԼ˭ڲ֣ʲôǳһһεҡͷ⣬ûκջ
𴲳һ֧Ժ͵һؼƬǿڱֽϵƬƬӦƬˣҵ˵Ļеⲻӭж𣿾˵ʱ飬ǽƳɲȥģúλ츱νӴһ¡ӦǸؼΪѧУϵʦѧЩ飬һ־ģƫƫϳ飬Ҫ壬Ȼϵˡ
ʱ䣬Ƴɲ쳣̵ʱ˭֪͵ʴףöȥˣ˵ǻ̻̲աΪѾˣ˭֪ձһƬ£ֱӰ˸߳һֱڵİӣ˭֪ҲûеţԼˡ֮ǰȥеʱ׼ģҡˣܾѾλˣûııҪˡƳɲŲмְϲҲܾôȥΪе鶼ðȥģ˶ˣܳʲôأ
ڶһ磬Ƴɲžͽӵĵ绰˵ȥһ£ʼʱûзӦһ룬һѾΪˣæڴӦ״һˬĻǼٵģ˵ʵ֪ƳɲĿദ


һپʮ 
׹ʱһʱƳɲñ¿ӿʼһ׶ԺһֱôһʳָСʱ򣬾˵ʱʱһǲûбֳˡ˼Ҹյǣ̾ùȥԼɣƳɲ뵽磬û취Ҳȥ
Ƴɲһİ칫ңѾˣӲװûͷæԼ顣Ƴɲȥкһ䣬˼ƣǲ˼Ҳˡ˵쵼ʱĶаⷽ뷨ǲ̬ȣƳɲŵûס˵쵼ķ꣬ǽԼǴһͲö֪ˣƳɲŵȻϣǰߡ
ǰ칫ſڣƳɲָ̧֣Ȼţεùţò˵ΪСĽһΡ洫ϵһԺ󣬻ƳɲƿţŽ˽ȥһͷ̧û̧ȻؿͷϵһļƳɲϹϾվڿİ칫ǰͦոŶʶسơȻܣƳɲվȥֻҪһĲ硣
ڻƳɲŽ֮ʣһ۾Ѿ鵽ıȻҪһˡһ֮ǰһֱΪƳɲһͦвŻˣһΰŪǸȫسؽлϵĽ˵㵽صͻһʱụ́˭֪˺ӣԽĲصȥվûдÿ˵۵㲻ͬѡȻͬǲøôĶŬûдҪ˶ɵӣĻĲˡ
һϵݱ淭ȥ㿴黹࣬ƳɲȻһӡһҲòϵŵ㻹ǲٵģȻȱȴģԾԲá˻Ƴɲẉ̂һִġȻ׼ãһΪʲôҪݺݵأ𲻾ˡ˵쵼쵼˵㻹ϣ쵼˶ˣǻ̸ʲôģǴ⳶һһƳɲŵԭΪҪоѹܴͳ滰
ŶɲˣôһװȻӡ
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һطеļ֧̳ϡƳɲŸ׼ǰһΪ̣˭ֻ֪žһһѾѴˣƳɲֻڨڨջصֱۡ
һһ˵ɲ
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һһŻģҿǳ̣ҪǺȵĲ裬ָһҪһûвܹȻҪ˼ƷȴǸԴҲϰտеƷУǱȲҪҪöĶһʱѾûкȥ뷨ˣֻ˽߿ǵһһоˡƵʱȻ֮Ȫ˺ܴĿ;ʹزۣһʱ򣬶ûвĸо
һʻҪΧѧӭؽ顣Ƴɲȴһƶ壬ֻ˵ȫõ˼ֻǷ£һһΪһʵʵڵСˡ䣬һҲ˽⵽һҪ֪磬ٵ쵼ǵ֮ǰѾǵ˺óʱˡƳɲ˵ù֮ǰͰѧǼйˡ
ʱ˭˵ģһһҲģֻҪ֪ͿˡһʵʱΧûʱƳɲ˵ʱעȫѧ쵼ϣûע⵽Χ˵ı֡Ľ͵Ҳ˵ùȥһʼվÿŶȲߣΪ˵ⷬʱԿԸоƳɲŲҺӣĿ벻
ƳɲߺһӼᶨ֮ǰжϣһıڻ޷ľƳɲǸؼһҪ϶໨˼Ҳյ벻Ч
߻ƳɲԺһ˳˼ƳɲǸˣԸżãͼ֮һ֧̣Ʒ칫ûпһṦͰȫˣʱһһɡ
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Ǻǣκ⻰ˣûңҲǰչһЦ˵κǿϤԺһһֱΪκ˵һҲϣĳƺԺκǿȷʵ쳣ĸˡ
ǣҿɲͬչһģҲп⣬ھʳֶԣҸղŵĻ϶ûġκǿŲ˵
ǺǣκһЦ˵ղȻǫ䣬ǲɷϵ˵κǿĻԺһǿġ˭ϲлأеĻ˵ĵ֮
ѽյκǿ֮ǰǸΧκǿȽϣ֮Уɴ˿ɼܶȱٵĲǻᣬȻҪġƳɲˣӹɣҲǵ츱ˣûеУרЩӲš֮£ʱһҲ򡣲оϻ·ң֪վüģʱˣһ˵ıȻͱ¶ˡ
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Ҳ˼ٿһ˵ȷʵ뷨ܸоЩڰעСһʲôжЩ˾ͻȲֲԥ֮κǿĻԺԥ⣬ʱʱȥ־Ƶ뷨ðѴСϺƷƵ㱨
ǰʱ䣬˸绰ȥݸˣмίͼҸΣһϵøˡһһĹϲǫ䣬Ȼ֣صһһҪעϵЩˣҪĵǰԼ룬ȫһˡһõĻǳжӦǶԼˣſڴӦڲһսԶݵļǿܡһأӦúõҲһĹϵ
һǰκǿ˵κ飬ҪʵѣȴŷˣǲϹ󹦷𣿡
ǣ㶼İɡκǿ˵мڻûҵ˵ģˡȥֻʮң֪жѾǼ𣿡˵Ժκǿ˸ӡ


һپʮ С
һЦ˵κӡ֧̣ܸ˰ɣ
ٺ٣ˣǣһǸɣ㲻ٶˣȥҪϱˡκǿ˵ֽӹһݹ̡
κǿһ˵һ֪ʳֵĵ̻֣ǰнʮǼҪˡϢһʱһģ˵ҪǷѾʳָˣʱʽǲҲһ̡
ص칫Ժһ˸绰־ϵһ£֪Էʱ䣬Լˣһȥ־ڵ绰˵Ҳмһһ¡һ⻰Ժһһ㶵ģ룬ϰ徿ʲô飬ȻҪԼ˷ѽ⡣һãҲûһͷԾͲȥˡ
ϣһͻ˺Ȼ˵Ҳ׼ȷΪȥǺСѾǽˡΪʱر࣬һŷѾкóʱûһˣŷٽӵһĵ绰Ժ٣ҲĪغվһߵͬĪúܡῪԺȷʵ࣬һûֱȥСȽȥתһȦȥ̳һС׹׼͸ŷ٣Ϊաһûԭ򣬾Ϊ˸һϲҲǸղŷټѵԭΪһײϵģʵ˼׼
ҹŷҸģõһһȥݳȻǳҹɫȥģŷѾˡ»صСԺѾʮˣȻ˾Ϳʼԭʼ̽عֱ۵ó׵۾ա
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һÿ־ƼŵʱŸո𴲣ϻ˯¡һʱһ㶣漴˹ȥһۣһΡ־ƴԺһ˵ϰ壬ȥ԰ӣô
ðȷʵжʱû԰ˣô绰ó˲ڴȥɣ־˵
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Ǻǣ֪ˣ߰ɣ־Ʊ˵߻˻֡
ȥ˾԰ӣһ¿ķ꣬緹Ӫģʦġɲһĺãӡ⽡ȵζȷʵã֮ǰȫſˣ緹飬Ǻ֮ϴ󣬺ܶסھˣһ綼緹ЩСһԺ󣬾ȻԸԼ緹ˣҪҳǿղѣԣ˭Ե緹۸سǿߵġ
һȥ䣬־˵ڴͦã˾ڴһǣȰӺ
ͻȻ䣬ֻǰĳһر֪˭𣬾Ȼȣ־üͷһ塣һȥ־ͷ˷ṩѲˮ
˭˶࣬밴˳ŶӡһֵĴʦش
⻰ǴڰˣȵϰгҪ˵
ϰæţûʱ䡣ʦ䲻ȵضһ䡣
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һ⻰Ժüͷһ壬Ȼһļҵ﹫ӡԴӺνԺһνӸȫ޺øСλֲ֪ļҵģûмٿɡ
ʦ˵ĻҲһЩǣϾԷĻ˵úܴ󣬲ųƵĿܣһҪǲأǲΪϰ˸鷳һ£̽˵㵽˭Ҳϰ㱨
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㰡˭ҪŶӡȺίˣҲ򡣡
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˵ģôˣһǰһ˵˵ѵίаëǮĹϵ
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һԥ֮ʣһŵˣ˹ߴԼһңľ֮ɫ˸ǰԺ˵λϰ壬ľʢΪȣܷһ˵
ĻԺϵĵ֮ˣ۾ɨһȦΧ˴˵л˵Ҫһҽ¥ϣҪҰȥ˵
ĻԺʢΪĹά֮ɫС˵ᣬᣬ緹룬붼벻Ĺͣܵ緹ǵң鷳ȥһᣬ԰ĶȥȻ˼Ǹ
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ʦϵ֮ɫɼҲ޿κΣ˶񣬼ΪװӡΧ˼״Ҳٿˣ˼ôǿı˭Ը׵ڻĹٱλ˼ٹ̣ѾӦ˵ٵȨʹԶ緹Ҳ⡣


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һصλԺ־ѯʵĿ⣬Ѹղľһһʮ˵˳־ɫһ䣬ǲˬ벻ƽʱȥǳֵһˣȻҲ˵˲ò࣬ˮɶһ״˵ϰ壬ҾΣҪȥǲСſںߣһ֮Իô˵Ϊ־ͬӡӦòһˡ
һ־Ĵɻ󣬵һҪȥҲеìܡһȥԺȷʵ⣬ΪС£ʹٵĻɾ͵òʧˡ
һĹ˼ɣ־˵ҪȷʵĻҾ˵һģ˵⣬һ¡ǼһﳶѵĻǵҲأ
һһ˵־Ƶ˵ͷһ˵Ҳʵ飬һһҥײƭģȷʵ棬һֻҪ˵ԼڣӦҲûʲô⡣
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˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һƿԺ󣬳ǰŮ˸ղǸڰ׼⣬һ˲ǹֳ񸱾ֳ߷档һһɣҿҪⱻСɻ˹ȥһ˺ڹ
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߷⻰ȵɣ򳤣Ŷԣǡ
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һĻ룬ڽԼԭʵǸ߸߷棬Сүղ濸ƺҷ쭵ģһ˼ǳģҲ˵߷滹ûôӡ
⻰Ժ󣬸߷֪ˣȻղСү֣ԼŻˣǸָʡԵˡ̧ͷݺݵһۣղžȥ΢Ȼᣬƫ˵ҪȥߴߣԸ緹ǳǳ²ļһ
߷һ˵Ҳ緹ҪһԵ㣬ӦϾͻˡ
ˣҺϰһġҲΪڣȥ̸ġһһżǸ߷Ժ󣬾;ӣֱ־ѹ˽ܵĵɽһţƤģһ£ӦǸѡ
˵˵ίҲڣ߷˵еˣȻһеϰָ˭һ˿ϣһ
ǵģҾͲ߾ˣϰ廹һػءһ΢Ц˵ȥˣ߾֣ؼ˵꣬תֱӱſڶȥ
ǣȻᡭ߷˵ͬʱλվһԲ־ƣһҲҲϡٶȺܿ죬һûиᣬſڵʱѾӰˡ
һԺϰ˻㱨˵־Ҳһ˵ʵĺܲϣʹ޵ؾΪǵĸɲһ߸ϵĸоʵҲ֥Ĺ١
һѾˣ־ƾȻûжӣ˼ǵһԣһжϰУԼֻһġһ־һĶ˾Ϳʼζس緹һƤͶ࣬ճԵʱһҪע⣬ֻҧһС죬ذ⣬ȻܿԣĻױš
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׶ΣӺܲùھﱻѹƵģ˽ҲԸǰʱ䣬вб䶯ȥ˽ܣ˵˰죬ԷֻŰģǲǻڶûиף˽޷־ˣǶʱıֲ⣬Ըæòʱ䣬ûеλسˡԶ緹Īֱίǵˣ˵ӻô
˼ȥ߷滹Ǿȥһ£һѾȷˣ־ƾ棬ô˵ûвȥĵ˵ȥԺ󣬶Էô죬Ǿֻһһˡ
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Сǰվ˰죬־ҲûΧͨʳһ첻ѣǶۼʶ˸ղǸ˵ţȴƵվǶ˶׷ײ²վǰһĽˣǹֵľֳԵʲôˣһùֳСѧһվǶҶˣأҲֻίǺسˡʶԺ󣬴Ҷ˷ܲѣСؽͷӶۿ
־ȻҲע⵽Χ˵ı֣ǳŸ߷˵Ժʲôʱ򣬶룬ΪԼʲôˣ͸һƵġ⣬ҪԼԼļˡݡѣԼĨڣҪίĨڡ־ƵĻ䲻࣬ǷȴأһԽܲðҲֵ֪ĳ񸱾ֳ˽ܵˣʱھʱϲĵģҲһصôɡ
߷־ƵĻͷǸްҪ֪ôù飬ڼ࣬Ҳʲô緹УСӣƽʱͲŵ벻쾹Լô鷳ؼһúõʰ־ûˣ߷С˵ǣԣҾͲˡ
־ͷ̧ûֻ̧Ǵӱǿһ߷⣬æһСӣ˿ٵſȥ
˳Ժ󣬸߷ϱ˸绰ϱ˵һ䣬ӺѾˣûء߷̴ģ֪ԣ룬ôһԴ˼ίڴСϳԣһССֳȻڰ棬ǻˡ
־ƺһҲܿس緹ȻϳһȥίһһΪ쵼ʼʱ滹еţһԺ󣬾ûǸоˣ־ƻؿһ䣬ء


һپʮ ־Ʋ
˰칫Ժ󣬲񿭷ɿһϰһģﲻһĽҲԼʲôʱܺһһõϰء˵־ƶܾúһȣǲôһ㣬⿴Ʋľ룬ѾŬˣ޷ֲΪ־ƺһݺòԺ˳֪һҪ̸
һ漴ʳָ칤Ѿʽ뷨˵˳־һȻ˵һֱҪ̸̸Ҳ֪ʱȽ϶࣬Ծһֱ˵˵ʳּʽ飬Լôģʵʵ˵
һһ⻰֪ϰһлҪ˵ҲͲٲҴţԼȫ˵˳ǰʱ䳷ؽеĿ֮һһĻԺ־Ʋϵصͷһжʶе֮⣬ӦһҲΪ
һ˵Ժ־˵뷨е죬Ҿͺ˵˵ԭӦѾ˰ɣ׼ŵȥѾˣȵһͿԸΣһ棬ΪʲôҪôȥ˵˴Ҳô
һʶص˵ͷ־ɳһˣ¿ڴȥæѸٵͳһ֧ȥ־ƽӹ̣˵ͷҪ˵һ˽Ժһ壬һ̻ļơ
־ƳԺ󣬼˵ӦΪҵһǹҲ̶̵ܿһ仰־˵úһһһڶϵĺ֮ɫ
־ƽ˵Ӧע⵽˰ɣγؽе鲻ô̫ƽģ£ǺͱֽϣǲǸоĻֻƶһС
һæصͷʱһֱеĸо챻־һ˵˳
жȻǺܸߵġ־ڿһһ䣬Ȼ˵оȷģһȷʵڱƶҺ֥һѾ˵˰ɣ
һһص˵ͷ
־˵ྩ¬ŵϺŵģҲз磬ξ˳ˡʡһֱǼ֮أ¬ΪǿˣȻɵۣССĺ̽ӦΪʲô¿ȥô죬ɾ߷˰ɡøӭʽøԷṩһֵĻᣬ仰ûᣬԷҲӱķһᣬҲŻãͬʱָһĳ̶ֳ˵ڻҪõλá
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˺ôһᣬһ룬ûϢϢԺҲڱųѽ̧ͷڨڨض־˵ϰ壬ҡ
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飬֪ˡҵ˼㶮ɣ־˵һ˵ͷ˵Ŀǰ˸Ǳ߳䵱֣ȻԼҲ֪ҲһҪõԭڻ˻ЩпΪ˵ĵ
һæ־˵ҲһЩɵ㣬ڱֽϵƬϸоˣǾԲֳĵģȴʵʵڵسˡձϡ㱨µģ֮ǰѾǸµĵ츱Σûʲô
־󣬿ĵ˵ʶĺܸˣ˵ʱȥһȷѡ񣬵ȻҲټй
һǺɵЦûٶ˵ʲô
ĵһ飬ȥԺһҪע۲죬ܰЩ˾˵ʼǸ־ƺһڲԺ󣬼˵ڶ飬һ£򳤵飬ҲǸ£׷ɢһһЩۡ
һ֮У͵һӱ־ʼûʲô׼תһ룬ϰ϶Ѿ뷨򲻻Լ¡뵽ԺһЦ˵ϰ壬һûй˵ȥ룬ֱ´ָʾ
ǺǣСӺһһס־ҲĻˣЦԺ˵̸ʲôָʾһ⣬һ£ϾȽϤ
ϰ壬˵һ˵
׼Ԭ̩㿴ô־ѹ˵
ϰ壬ǡһ˵һ룬͵ͣ˵־ƵĹϵܲһ㣬Ҳʲô˵ġ˵Ԭ̩˽ܵˣ⻰ˣòʮֺʣӲǱ˻ȥ
Ǻǣ˼ҶԴԺǱڻ˵𣿡־Ƶһһ䡣
⻰Ժһ͵ȷʵô£ǰʱ䣬Ԭ̩ȥ˽ܣӲǱ˺һֱ仰͸ˡĻϰԬ̩ʲôĿأѵҲ£֮䣬ǲʲôϸ
־ƿһɻĿ⣬΢Ц˵˵һϻϵҪһҪ𣬱ض񡣡
־ƵĻԺһŷӦԭϰǴ⣬ΪȻص˵ͷ
⣬һһǡ־һ˵ʼոоԬ̩Ӧú֮ϵҪôʱ䣬һ˿ûСڰԬ̩Ϊ򳤣Ҳǵ˼оҲ뿴εǲҲ֮еϵ
һ־ƵĻԺ󣬳˾֮飬һʯĸУ䣬˵ϰ壬̫ˣҿûʲôˣôɡ
־¶֮ɫһ˰֣ʾżһӣ˵ĵľǣΪԺǲܹƵס棬ϴ˵Ǳкü˰ɡ
һһ⻰ʶԼһ㣬ؼԵˡȷʵҪԬ̩Ժ۴ٳƽһôˣʱԼܲѹסǻ治˵ʲôҪί۵ʱԼֻˣԷȴĸˣʤ滹ǲһһԼ˼һ£һһ־˵
־󣬿ĵص˵ͷһȥһʱ䣬ƾԼ͹ϵĸ㶨ίίԱӦҲǲĳɼһ˵ɣȥԺֱɸȥλãȻǸ˴Σ̸һ̸Ӧûʲô⡣


һپʮ 콵
һ⻰Ժ󣬳׵طˣԼˣףϼȥˣǻԬ̩ܷʲôվ־˵ϰ壬ллİұ֤񡣡
־Ҳܿģվһļһ£Ȼ˵Ҿϲսľͷ˾ӦеȻڴϣҲżͼ֮
õģϰ壬ҼסĽ̻ˡһæ˵һһôһ㣬ǳؽе黹Ϸ𣿡
ǺǣòٵģɺԼ¾ˡ־һ£Ǿ͸һڷ㵣ĵӦûʲô⣬ǿܶҸ˵еӰ졣
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ص칫Ժһ͵һ飬ϰ˵һԬ̩λãҲǵίǵְզһǲϸһãˣĻǰȫøԬ̩ˣһһǻκǿͺϼʲô£˵ҶҲȥ
뵽Ժһסˣæ˼ԲǵλÿȥؼԼţʵҲʲôһ룬һɰѸǵλø۴죬ҲҪѳ򳤰ԼˣкͶԷʱҲкʵѡκǿԼææôʱ䣬򳤵ĻܼĹ飬ҲԼ˸ġΪؼ԰Ԭ̩۴ֿβɺԼԸʱҲ׵öࡣ
Ժһͨ־Ƶĵ绰ԼϰȻûвҴŵıҪͲӣѸղŵ뷨һԶ˵˳־󣬵Ҳ޳ʾš
Ҷϵ绰Ժһŷɷϵ˵ϰİžǸУʵ֮ǰҲôѹԬ̩۴ҲǸ취ǹһǲ׼ʱʱʱرĳڱһ£㻹һ취ûСֻиһĿռ䣬俴ʤ⣬ǲŻȲһչֻ֡ҪǱȻͻҲźòȡӦĴʩӦԡ
Ժĺίίϣ˽˵Ҫİӣû̫⡣ʱ䣬Ƕһ͵òУѴӷõϢۺԼܽʧܵľ飬̵ʶԼͲ־ƵĶ֡ͽ޹ĿúõƣӦҲݲֻڴȻˣǲзĻᡣ
ײ˵Ԭ̩ίǡ򳤣۴쵣είһְʱ˽סˣǲԼĶˡԬ̩۴ô־Ƶķأѵͨʲôϵ־ƵĴӦòǰԬ̩Լ绰˵Ҫ㱨أһˣ־ܿϣǴҲš
ײƽ˵κǿΪίίԱ򳤣ίڿƳΪһְһ±䶯˽ܺǶһۣ˵гΣίβնȻˡΪصĶֵȴգֱ˺ӵĸо˺ܲˬȴҲ޿κΡ
ϵǣײƵܿͨ˽ܺǶֱʾͬȻ죬β˳ˮء۴⣬˵Ļ뾭˴ͨЧ˭ֻ֪иˣʹûйίγɵ˴ͨĻί쵼ӵĶ顣
ίԺ˽ܻص칫Ժ󣬲˸绰Ԭ̩һ̽Ժ˽ȷ϶Էû־Ƶ·ӣĿǰΪֹԼε黹һ֪˽ܿļˣæѳίϵϢ
ĻԺԬ̩ڵ绰ʮңĻ˽ǲڿЦתһ룬ֻԼɵϣ˼һõسԱ˳ˣ㿪ЦͨԺԬ̩һ˽ܱʾл˽Ӧ˹ȥûгϣҲûзϡ˳۴ҲԬ̩Ԭ̩Ǹ˲ѣ˽ܱʾлʾһȥݷá˽һ⻰漴ؾܾˡԴԺⷽ࣬ûиԬ̩۴εԭ֮ǰҲ֮ʲôӵġ
Ҷϵ绰ԺԬ̩ڰ칫߸ͣ鼤ѣҪǹ˼ɵڰ칫ң˵ἤʮңס飬˸绰۴졣
۴ԺԬ̩ĻҲеŵĸо˵ʵʱԺһȥѾʧȥġԷڣҺǿĿɽÿÿۿϾˣȴܻعͷԼصĻֺʤʵսʲôȥıҪ
һϲ۴漴侲Ԭ̩ǰ绰˽ܵʱ򣬶Էô˵ġԬ̩漴ѵʱһһʮ˵˳ĻԺ۴˳˼ȻǰԬ̩绰ȥʱ˽ܻһ̬֮ȣô̶̵Ժ󣬶Է̬Ⱦͼתֱأƶλ۴һ˵Ԭ̩Ҳȷʵ͸ŹŹ֣ĿǰܶԷʲôĿģ˵ӦþǼ¡ӸƵƣÿ˶˳ģֱΪ򳤣ʵְǵĴӪӦ˵ǴŵҲҵĺ¡
۴һǳˣλñȽϵͣĸ߶ޡǷ˽λ˻ɣȴѰ𰸣ʵܼ򵥵⣬Ŀǰصʽ˽ⷽĻҲǻŤתֵܾĻᣬȻʵǲпģеļ裬ǰôһ


һپʮ ˵ǳ
һڵ֪ѾٿίԺ󣬵һʱκǿйǰϰͨ绰Ժκǿ̸һ̸ĳ嶯סˡ±Ͼûȷǰй¶ȥʱһиʲôʧӰκǿĹ쳣ίѾȷˣȻҲͲʲôˣúõĺκǿһ
κǿԺһ˵۴ĹΪίίԱ򳤣һеϲԽĸоһ֮ǰһ鱻˶ʯһ㣬ʽûǣ֮ʣȥͿŵͷ٩ɽһα쿴Ժ󣬻˵䡣벻̶̵һҵʱ䣬ȻΪίίԱˣ컯ŪˣѵڤڤѾעһ
˺óһʱ䣬һ齥ƽˣź̸ǰʽԼ˵ʵκǿʧ̬һҲ֣Ϊ֮ǰίʱκǿйƵľؼǵã֪Լᱻֵʱּ飬޷
κǿһĻԺе˼Ȼ˵úΣƾʱĬѡʼ˵Ԭ̩۴춼ֱ˰뼶κǿе㲻ˬһҪĹץеĻ˹۴είǣеԼŲλõĸоĿΪǣסԬ̩˵Ԭ̩ΪʲôᱻΣû˵Ȼǲ֪ģֻҪշԸñְӦöԼͻ棬εβõ֤
磬绰һȥһˣ˵ĿľɵҲף϶ΪͲ֮ǣߡ־Ʋðȫϸڶ߲ýһύġ
һ˲İ칫Ժ̬һ飬˺һ󣬲Ž⡣òĻ˵ӴԺһˣʲôҪֻܷԸһæҡͷ˵ҡ
̸Ժ󣬲绰ò漴һѡ֮ǰƵʱһĽӴֻ֪࣬עʵɣίӣڿЩ֮µļеأȴܴࡣܹ˳ȥ򣬺ͲϿɷֲҲ˵Ĺ̬ŵúܵͣȻһʱѾǿƳˣǴʱ˵ݷ˺ܴĸı䣬ȻٰǰļˡһȴǫسΪ쵼æƺһԺ󣬸˵ĶѾ˵ˣȻûٴȥıҪ
Ժ󣬲͵͵˵һ䣬ǣղųҴ仰㣬ȥһˡһһ㶣ƽʱȥģʵеУƼǿĹϵҲǲ
ǿ칫ҵʱڴ绰һˣҴ˵䣬Ͱѵ绰ˡǿվӣһֽһ֮ûйĺѣ˵ʵòţֵ֮ٸЩԵüˡһѵʱ򣬳ǿְһ־ƽõĹϵԺҲųǿǣߣ־ƶԳǿǱȽصģһӦ˵ָտɴ
Ժ󣬲߳ȥˣֻڳȥ֮ǰС˵һ䣬Σȹȥһ¡䲻󣬵ȴ㹻һˡǿ΢΢˵ͷһ˵ͷȻתȥˡ
ǿһ˵ûʲô°ɣһԸֵܾܺûһˣѾòȥˡ
һ˵ã˵û£ֻҪ¸£Ҳˡ
ǺǣҹȻûп͸ֵֵܾܣ̡ǿ˵վ칫ȥаõģȥϰǻ㱨˳ġ
óһһһɻ󣬾лûʲôرġϻԺһŷԼˣвԲгЩڸȫһһͳǿһЦǿҲ֪һ־Ƶ˵֪٣ǾͲһܿˡ
һϺһ٩ûһڲ顣ǿȥһԷ飬ϵȻҪٶ˵ʲôˡһĽǶ˵ҲͲȫεˣпǣסԬ̩һ£ίԬ̩ռˣ򳤰칫ϣκǿΪ׵ĸǣֲʡģĻƵġ
Է֮ǰһ˸绰񿭷ɣ֪Էʱ䣬ѳԷĵصǵίĶ㡪÷ƼҡһͳǿȥԺ󣬲񿭷һṦ͹ˣԭ־ȥˣأûʲô飬Ҳֵˡ
ڴҶϤȻûʲô߳ԱģӦ˵ڣһ߻ΪʱʱΪ衣һıԺ󣬲ͷһԼϣõ֡͹۵˵κǿĹȻǿΪ˴·ȴغԲϼǸŮͬ־෽㡣ڲļÿֲȱݣʹǸս˵ǸҶʧȥõ֧ԺһûϣͶһߣⶼһп޵
Ժһȥϴ˸裬䲻ˣݸҲȷʵǼ顣ϴԺ󣬾ʹɢˣһûںֱӻÿ춼Ǽء
ײ±䶯ʱѾԺˣһģ֯Ա⣬Ǽ򳤵Ĳˡκһ±䶯һһ׹̶ĳԺĸ˵˷ת䣬ڳ˵˼ŻվӵģоĻͥġλϵıҲͬԬ̩۴ϲ֮࣬Щĵ̬ΪûиεԭκǿãȻʾЩǷģɲ˵ξεסģϻûʲô飬ɮ붨һ㣬侲ع۲ΧһС
Ժײƾֱӻ֯һȥ˵һ֮ĹϵҲҪһٷά֡
ײԺһеһ˻صҼᣬλͬ־ʹ̸̸ǲһ˽ܣͷĵһ仰ҵ쵼Ҳҵϴ硣ˣһм֪һԼأ˶̶̵ҵʱ䣬ίǵλϣľ
һĽԺԬ̩۴һۣ˴ʱѾˣһˣҪӮⳡ治һ׵顣
Ԭ̩ʱѾĵѹ͵طĿǰƣм䣬һˣǸҶõˣҲ֪ǲѾȡȥˡԬ̩ݺݵصһһۣôҲףȥмѧ޵ˣôͻ󣬺ܶ෽ٳ˶硣


ڶ ݾ
ԺеĿҶ۷׷ףε±䶯ȷʵе˾ۻ֮Сһۺͷ֮󣬸쵼칫ҵǰֿʼͷܶˣԻ㱨ΪĵرԼҲ׳Ƶվˡ
æµ˼Ժ»ָƽӴĻ¿ʼЧٵתˡΪ±䶯ԼĽ࣬Ǿϻ˵ʵڣ˭ת
ʳֿʽһʾ£򵥵ظһ£ֻϵ쵼ϯһ£Ԭ̩۴ɻѡ˵һ̣ӦôһŶԣô˵͵ء
κǿҲɻ߽һİ칫ңһûкĽֻͣķŵСϺƷƵĴκǿҲûȻǶ˵ˣȻɣͷ˵һ֪ˡٳ֮ʣһס˵ò򳤺ȥľҪͶŵȫĹھĳһˡ
κǿһ˼򳤱ӦЭȫģҲı֣˵Ԭ̩ô룬ǾͲκǿҪȥ˼ˡһĻʾκǿԺСϺĹûлƳɲʲôˣҲζѾһˡκǿﲻһпɵιȻҪվӵҪҲɺԡʵ֪ƳɲŵΪҪ֪ĻҲͲ֮ͬˡ
ĩĵίϣһ˼µķҶ⣬ˣһǽʱ䣬岻̫ãΨһôҾǻƳɲŵĵɵ츱ΣΪ˴ΣôҶô۾ȥһ˴ǵʶжϵģͱȥֻһͣˡ
ƳɲϢʱһĲûˤڵأһֱĵ飬Ƿˡһ̸ԺãҪҪ˵ԥʱĽȴѾˣ֮Сص칫Ժͳֻһ룬ãȴˡ㲦ǿպšʾסˣһԺŭίίԱƳİ칫ȥȥԺ漴ŴˣȻʹʱʱ޵ĳΧĹԱƲѣ˵ְһҪҲӦȥѽôˡ㲻ȥһҲһɲһϵġ
ƳɲȥϢܿͷһһϰ˳˼ԤϵһƳɲȷʵ䵱˱˵ӣѵĻʹһȥҲòԣûôܹô飬Ԭ̩۴졢˼ҲǾôأƳɲʵʵȥѽҪٿһٸʩһѹ
ƳɲŸߣסˣƨƨߵԬ̩İ칫ҡԬ̩һŭջˣôʱϿȥȥ¥˵
Ԭ̩һȣ͵ѹʶԼ̫ǷˣƳɲŸߣԬ̩Ӳѻ
ϣԬ̩۴졢¡¥鵽˺ϴһ˭ȥ۴ͷ˫
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ߵǰʱϵıѾָ΢Ц˵ǣˣһΪԺ󿴲Сطˣ׼ȥأ
˵ʵһһֱŮ˵ĸоǵʱмʵĺ̨ȴӲǾҵҵԼ⣬Ҳ⻹˺ԭ򡣵Ȼһĺøлûԭ򣬱ϰɫϣüĿķɣǰ͹ʵģǺģһǰǶԱйܽӴܼʱǷݳ嶯ԴӺŷ꼸ԺһٸмƫԸеģ
޵ĴҲȽԸУİɫ£ز͹Եøӷ˶ĺɫСɴȹޱߡһʱǰ㣬йͻز˼һĿ漴֮ȻѸٵһƳ˻ЦŶκǿϲ˵ǿϰˣԺҪҲŴЦ
æ˵ѽҵĴǣСŮӿˣĶѽ룡˵߰ӴһĶ
һоСһо̫Ϥˣεļг֣漴¾˸оһæһߣڴ֮ͥ£ҪǸ˼ҿһί򷹵ϰǹǶôΡ޿Ҳʶһı仯ǳǳһЦ漴ǰ·ˡ
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κǿıֻãϾʱһĽӴԱȽ϶࣬ϲ˷֮ɫ˵ЩԸ˶ԣĿ϶ˡԭԼ;Ѳʲô̫ϣʱľԺֳȼϣϾʮͷҲôر󣬵ҪǲУҲȥ˴졣ҪŪεҲ˵쵱Ƽܲġ
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ڶһ ƾͼ
һ־ƵĽ˼ֻ־ƼԾԾԵӣ˵Ҫɴ͸һ㣬ϵһ£ܲܰѡһ·衯Ŀ
һһ󼤶һ·衱ƵƽĿȫֻݳڵһ߸泬һԤڣڵ֪˵ʲôźã˰죬˵һ䣬лϰ壡
־Ц˵ҲæлңȰһ£ܲܳɻ˵Ӧⲻ֥Ĵӣͷֹ顣ʲôһ治Ǻ绰ʡ
һͷʾл
Ժ־ƾʹ˵绰˵ǱѾ̸ˣȥһྩͿˡǱߵ飬һͲҪˣֱ죬ߵ׼һнһ죬Ҳֹȷˡ
һӵ绰Ժ󣬵绰ϲ֪ͨеĵίίԱٿʱĵίᡣڻϣһϢ˵ԺһϢסˡһȻһ·кεȵһ·µطܶ࣬һ㶼һµͺˣ˵ˡ
ݵ𾪹󣬴ҵѸٻָ˳̬Ȼ˼Ҷ˵ˣȻʮİҪ۵Ϲ⡣СϺ飬֮ǰĵίѾо׵ҲͲҪоˡ
ҿǵóһרŵ쵼С顣һɨȫһ˵鳤鳤ɳ̩򳤵Σһִ鳤ҿκǿͬ־Σҿô⻰һ˵ȻףԬ̩ǹģ飬κǿ
Ԭ̩۴һۣ۴ɤ˵ǵĽʵڣλһƶȻˣκ򳤵ҲȷʵǿȻ´࣬ǡ
һǰԺ󣬾֪ô򵥣һк󻰣ȻˣǰĶǻӣǡĲ˵ġ
۴˵κϵĵǲе̫ˣ֮ǰСϺģټ£ǲе㡭һ˵ľϾ޵ģ˵߶ͣҲܰеĵӶѹκһѽǲҲе̫
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ȻǵҵĽˣҾ͸Ƽһѡ۴ܻԹɫ˳һĻ˵ҽҶͬ־飬Ҳһ긻ǿͬ־Ҳжľ飬ӦǸʵѡ
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һʱתװģض豭ʵһҲʣҪʱ䣬Ա׼ȷжϡ˭֪Ԭ̩·𿴴˼һ㣬˵һǣҿ¿УҶͬ־ֵ˵ҲǷֹּңҲ鳤𡣡
⻰һ˵һûκηԵɣҲãȻǼС飬ҲҪúڷ֮飬Ӧûʲô̫⡣ǵ˸飬һĺôǱںʹʲôҪ֪ҪǳʲôĻӰɾʹȥˣܲȫΪһ·һĿȫǺӰġ
һĿ˵ɨһȦȻԤеһԬ̩۴Ľ֮ɫ·ش˾ƵġһЦ˵Ȼ̩򳤺ʹǶΪ½ȥҲûʲô̩򳤻ȥԺҪҶͬ־ú̸һ̸µҪԺ̸ˣҪǳµĻɲģ±ϴεֻС


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ԺԬ̩۴춼һҲûжʤ֮ϲãһƵģһ˿Ц⡣Ԭ̩Ʋѣеϵƭĸо
ص칫Ժһ绰κǿͲ˹СϺ˾帺һǵķ˽ԺһҲûкǿףݸһ֧̣ȻͿʼ⡣κǿ֮ǰ䲻̵ģҲͬˣò࣬˺һһһĳ϶ǲģһǹ
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һĻ׹ѽĳ̶ֳ˵ϵķСϺǱˣĻķҪʤĻǲǱȵ컹ѡ
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뵽ԺͺԼϾˣϵĹϵͷһ飬͵һĺԣôֳѡˡ绰˹ȥ˵̣ڻʡ̽ǸްԵĴڣСĻӦûʲô⡣ȻһϣŪ˼Ժ֤¾ͰϣʱֻҪһ¾ʱˣ飬һ졣
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ӦòɣССͣôĳǸԬ̩ɵ
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˵һҪݷһԼ˵ˬشӦˣ˵ƺ֮ʲôиԣмֿġ
һȥίʱȻûдԬ̩۴죬Ҫ˵Լļ𲻹ĻȻ͸̸ˣһؼģôܸԷṩһӴ˵ĻأĹٳϣΪεľǹϵͺ̨ûйϵϲϣйϵóʾˣǿԼıΡ
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صСӵİ칫ң¼СڿֽǼµһҪȥݣǲˬһϰĸ߷壬ѿҪ


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СĻԺһ󼤶Ϻⶸ֣Ӧ䣬ͻѳҪϲˣվߡµȥԺվѸٴܵűߣС٣Ȼϵһ룬Сææ¥ȥˡϸҪ¥Īǲᵽ򳤰칫ȥˣЦ뵽
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ڶ죬һȥݵʱر˳뵽ˣԼиоϰ֮䣬ԼǱȽϿģû־Ӹµĸоһĥһᣬ˿Ϊ֮Ĳ̫˼ûбҪǸס֮ǰݳվһĻѶ۹ȥˣĶ뵽ء
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һԺ˵ĿģúѶȵ飬벻̶̵һ͸㶨ˡ࿴ѶȺܴ飬ֻҪ㳢ȥҲûеôѡڣһ̫ĵģݹٳ˶֪ΨհģȻѾӦӦûвȥĵ˸ٹһΣʱöԺ󣬻Ҫġ
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ԺԸ»׼۾Ϣһ£ֻͻȻһ־Ƶĵ绰һæ˽־Ƹһսӵһ·Ǳߵĵ绰ǽʮѯ׼ǲüչһһ£нµʱ䣬Ӧûʲô⡣һĻԺ־ֶ䣬ŹҶ˵绰
飬漰ķ̫࣬һʲô⣬Ϊصĵˣ־ܵӰġֱĿǰΪֹسؽеĽûгȻҲǺһûʡĶûг־˴һ£˵ҪѮܳ
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һȻ־Ƶģ˵Ŀȴһµģ뷽跨ذѼá־Ƶĵ绰Ժһѹ֮ǰһֱæ飬ܾûǳңԶ͵ؾһӽǰˡĵίҪúõķһ¹Ѽǻۺӳȡóɹ
Ԭ̩֪һȥί͵ؽӵϲ֪ͨ翪ϯϢﲻֹһڸʲôѵܰһҪĻδҲ̫һɣҪûĻżҪٿϯɣ˶ûлϲ֪ͨˡ
Ԭ̩ǻɻ󣬲۴ĵ绰Ԭ̩ĻԺ۴Ҳһľһ治Ʋ磬ѵʲôǿıʵ۴Ѿֹһĥˣֻһֱû˵ֻԼܲ⣬ΣڴҾͷǳϢ׳ĻǿȥûˡˣͲȥ˵ˣԴӳ˻ƳɲŵԺһʧǵģίߵ˶˵˻ƳɲŶߣ֪ڸʲôá۴浣ǲܳŵסƽʱûµʱһ˵ģһƨ飬ɵˣǽ
ʱ˵УΪƵģȻˡƳɲűһŵ˴ȥԺиԤУԷһȻϣտ굳ίᣬƳɲž͹ˡʼʱ򣬱ֻԬ̩һ£ǲܲȥ˴룬ǲպͿˣǵĸΣίγɵľ飬иĵĿ𣬳ٿһλ飬óǳ°˾˼Ƴɲţ㻹Űѳǲǳ˵
һԺ󣬻Ƴɲ߳ŭˣµ˿ģӦԺܱһԴӳԺҴĵ绰ǿպˣֻҪˡ
Ҫʲôˣ˵ʵҲʶҲһѽܵġһ˵˵ֻǰǣߣţ˵ʲôЭ飬ǵ飬һŲ֪˼ҴӦһ⻰Ҳûѽ㲻һ𣿡
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ƳɲŵĻסˣ˰죬૵˵ɲֵܣҲ𼤶Ҳ뿴ɣһʱ䣬ܹа취ġ


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ãȻίԱˣҾ͸ʱ䣬˵޶ȵģҪǷңǸղŵǾ仰һꡣƳɲź۾˵˵Ժƿţֱӳ˳ȥԺЩվſڲˣ˰칫ҡ
ƳɲߺϴãԼʱԱ˳ŵģ¸ûţһɧ
ڳؽ֮ǰһϣӵˡձ䯵ĵ绰ԷżɽظѾ֪ϴιʳбǸ绰ġ⻰ԺԴһˣסˣôҲ벻ףԼαװôãԷô֪ˡ˼ڼȻˣٲϵĻҲ˵ȥһˣίǱһӦҲ˵һһĲϴ³Ժ󣬾˵־ƿسίϷ˺ôĻ𡣺Ͱƴĵطиʲô紵ݶģȻסҵ۾
ԺҲûٶ漴ѻ⳶˼ĳؽաûдĻ磬ĻԺյĹУʲôá˵Ժֻú亹ֱðϵؾܾҪȴգֻ˵һ䣬˼˼Ժٺϵ⻰Ժһ࣬䯶ǵϤҪôúءҶϵ绰ԺʮͰˮϰµģԬ̩İ칫ȥ
Ԭ̩ĻԺҲû⣬绰۴졣۴˽ԺϵԬ̩İ칫ңΪİۻ֮һ˺һҲûǾȸԻȥһ룬Ȼϵʱȥ¥úһ¡ٳ֮ǰԬ̩ĵظ߷һҲܶѽĻԺ󣬸ֻһİ̾Ķʲô⡣
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һһ˵ҹҪΪСϺӭһ·Ŀ飬æھʱѾˣһ·轫ʮ졣
⻰ԺκǿͷϼͲŹƣѩܽҲӦףҲĵúܻԬ̩ߵ˼״ȻҲ޶ԣҲһںơ۴һĻԺ룬һﻹǽƻֻ˵﾿Լȥģ˴ȥȴɲ꣬һֻСꡣ
ͣЪԺһ˵쵼ǶǸλӣ쵼ǴӦҪ쵼ͬˡ˵һλҲһսھʮ˺Żнµʱ䡣µʱ䣬ǶȫӳԱһξ޴飬ǶԳ̩򳤺Ҷ˵ˡ
һԺԬֻ̩ñ̬֤һ·ĽӴáԺӼϴεί۸Ӵһ·Ŀ飬һһȦסԼʱûпȻš̫ʧˣʱѾ֮ӣֻӲͷƤԺ󣬵ðҶйȥúһ£ٽ۴죬һЩ棬ӶࡣԬ̩ĬĬڻ浣һ·ʱ򣬳ʲô飬Ļǵһˡ
һκǿ˽һСϺ׼˵ˣֻǸκǿݸͷ˻㱨һ¡֮ǰκǿѾһ㱨Ρ


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κǿӹһĻͷ˵λ쵼ҰСϺﱸ㱨ĿǰľƵʮ֮࣬аݵĺ½ա¥ľǡǼĴƵֹ꣬ں죬ʱƻӡĿǰ״ǿǽзϵһȥһŶӲʤļʱȽϴɲҽܡίһ飬ҲѾʵˣǻϵң㹻ȨеǻϵͷˣӦ쳬ǼƵ̻ʹ󺣡֮ǰȥӦ죬ҲǹˣϸڶѾ̶ˣӦûʲôˡ
κǿ˵Ժ󣬲зϵʵʩ˽˽ܡٰ챾СϺĸĿģΪƶĲҵһ뷨ŲʵһģȻκǿͲȥʵʩġеķ޺ͰϹͷҲ飬¥ķ꣬ϹϺСϺı档
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һСʱĻᣬͬһ㣬Ȼ۴ȴšһҲͷβûᵽκκص顣
ɢԺ۴߽ߣһק䡣͵سһ۴ʱ򣬲һ۴ĵ˵һ䣬ĺ棬ǰ칫ȥ
˰칫ңɳԺ۴첻˵ӣǻƳɲŵǵҲѽղſʱǱߵ˿ɶ㿴أڳȥ飬϶߶Ѿˡ
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۴쿴ҡҡͷ˵ֵѽǸ˵㣬˵ûʲô£ǳˣܽûȶ㷢¾ԼԼ̵ˡ
۴̸ʱԬ̩ҲںҶӭһ·Ŀ顣Ԭ̩׼۴ģһˣҲûпڡı̫ˣԬ̩Ҳǵģ۴ȥӦûʲôˡǱȻԷˣȴ㲻ˡ
ѹ˶˵ҶǸ廨ͷԬ̩ȻΪȻԺǳ׵ˡǰøӴˣֱʱ˵У治֪׼ʲôʱĪǵ˼Ժ󣬲ܳ졣Ԭ̩ɫͲÿˣӲѹסŭ̸һ̸뷨˭֪Ҷ֧֧İ죬ʲôû̸Ԭ̩ǻˣҶ˵򳤣糿һϰ࣬ͰѴӡĵĽӴҵϣֻȥǽˡ
ҶԬ̩ĻԺͨ죬վԬ̩˵򳤣ģһһѷ͵е顭
ðɣԬֱ̩ӴҶĻȻվֱԼİ칫ȥҶѣټû˵ͻسȥˡ
Ԭ̩ˣûֲǱߵһ֧̣Ժ͵һӣùƤЬݺݵز漴ת۴İ칫ȥ
Ԭ̩ȥʱ۴ĽѾβϵı飬֮ǰ࣬һƬɫԬ̩ӣͲһһİʱ㻹˵ʲôҪһĻ˵ܸɳʲôԬ̩԰ο䣬ʹȥˡǵӰԬ̩ҡҡͷ
۴Ԭ̩˸Ķһƨɳϣ۴ͳݸԬ̩һ˶˺һԬ̩ſڰѸղźҶ飬˵˳۴Ц˵Ҷۻпϣ治֪ô򳤵ġ
ѽ϶ָϣóҪôǹƨͨҪ̸ֽԬ̩һ˵죬㿴ǸӴһ龿ô㣿
ԬѽʵϹģôô죬ݡ갲źãʲô׼ġ۴һ˵˵ȻȥģǱһȥõġ


ڶ ʵʽ
Ԭ̩۴ĻԺһ룬ȷʵô£һģ˵۸񡢷֮Ĺؼ⣬Ȼȥ̸ԼҪģҲ޷ǽӴ̨׼֮飬ûʲôõĵˣסޡԷͰھʱԷˣһ绰ͿԸ㶨̨ױ䡢Щ£ȫԽҶȥ죬ԾУҪҲ첻õĻ⸱򳤿ͷˡ
̸ԺԬֺ̩۴һ»Ƴɲŵ飬»Ǽ֡ڵҪҪλãѾԬ̩۴˵ΧҪ治Ǹ򵥵顣һ£ֻеλȥ˽̽̽ڷ磬ǲܰƳɲŲط
Ԭ˵λõԺ󣬴绰ȥ˽Ǳʾлʱ򣬶Է̬Ȼǲٺǰȣ˺ܴĸı䡣Ԭ̩̽˵Էʱ˽˵ʱȽæȳؽеĽԺ˵Ǹ㲻Ϊæѹԭ򣬻ֻҵһڶѣô˵˽̬ܵȶõķת䣬ǰʱ䣬ǡ
ڶһ磬Ƴɲžͽӵĵ绰˵ʱ乤ȽæȰæ֮һ顣Ƴɲ˵ȻίԱ˵ˣҾ͸һᣬǳ˵ǰ棬Ҫң߾ʹţǱ˺ʱ򣬴Ҷѿ
Ƴɲ֮ôǣҲԼĿǡĪس˱˵Ƶ֪Ҳ뿴Ԭ̩һжԼǺԼ֮便жٹϸ
ǸѼñʱ򣬶ԻƳɲ˵˼ҲǷ¶ѣ֤³֮󣬱һֳ͸һǧĺֻ׼СѧϿʱμӻӭʽ£˭֪Ҳɣʱи˹ȥƳɲžǼ߸СʱǲԼ˶¿ţõؼҿʱмĵĻǺܲģڱֽϵľеһš
ƳɲԵ֮ʣһæòɿڶһ磬æźϵ˵ѾͷӦûʲô⣬ý˿١ӵһĵ绰ԺˬشӦˣʾٵˣ˵ˡһֿ䣬͹˵绰
һ죬һæƨɶûʣڰ칫ҳԵģʱæܣͷĹѹ˲٣ˣ㻨һʱ䡣磬ְκǿͲ˹ˣ˰СϺϸϸһ飬ȷûˣȥæˡ
ǽԺһͣظ׻ôĻȻٲǮ֮ǰѾ־ƻ㱨ˣ׻̵ġ˶ͬһӪģ˵ҲȽֱף׻̬һ·ĿԺзãеһǿģʱ־ƺ˵ǣһ龡еʵڲеĻҪ뷽跨سһ㡣׻һӦеһ֮⡣
һĵľǷ⣬Ϊ˵λƹ⾿ҪǮﻹûס׻һڽ˹ȥҲû˵СϺķãǾͲõˣһҪķò࣬ÿҾƵҪһıѣΪؼѾҺ̡ϣһ绰źڵ绰ﶼʾԸ
׻İ칫ҳԺһֱȥݷ˴źϴ绰ʱ˵ںأϵʱ򣬻˵ھأҲ֪Ǿ
ԼˣδŵûٵһԺ󣬾Цݵذ˴ŵİ칫ҡȻ֪һݣ˾ֻһͨĿƼɲҪ֪ϰشֻǿϺţ˵һССĿƼˡΪ֪ϸһӵأδ֪Ķηġ
һ׼߸ŪʮǮͲˣ˭֪һھǶʮȻûоܾĵԼһԸģ˭֪£ҪӦȥһֻ˵Լ
˴ԺһԺ󣬲֪һֱԭԭܲǱ߹һܣš⸱ũܸߣǵһɽģֵ˼Ҫһ塣һʱǡߡĽԺһ֪λƵίУֵܹ˾ľӪġѹӣһֱȫͬ
һԺûжֱʵҪ١һһ˵ղŴ޹ѾӦʮˣŪʮӦþͲˡ
˭֪æ˵аѣôҲˣǹ˾ʮ򣬵ٺ٣
һһ̵ǿЦã˵˵ɣʲôֻҪܰ쵽ģ;û⡣
˵¾ˬҾϲѡЦ˵˵練ơһλʱ򣬰ǹ˾ǰ棬Ҳ֪ڵĴʱǷǳʱڣʱæԺ󣬸һ´޹ӡô˵˵װɡ
һ˵Ժ󣬵˵ͷʱڶ˵ȷʵװ쵽ҵ飬ʢ˾࣬Ӧǰ棬ҲʲôЧǿһӣųǮ˵Ϊһ´ţ͸ˣȻʡίίĹӣһദһʶһ£Ӧûʲôԡ


ڶ ÷
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һԼŷȥСģʱرĶ࣬ѾкóʱûһˡڱȽҪļ飬æòˣʹšĽԺջԤں࣬Ӧףһ¡ڿҪôѾˣֳɵĵطŷֱӹͿˡ˻ûôߵľƵԼǮԭ򣬶ȥƵ꿪鷳Ҫ֤ʲôģ׸°ѱһ㶼ȥС⣬ⷿ䲻һģȻҲûЩǡ
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Ҳ֪˶ãһֻˣѸٵһŷٵĺ룬æ˽ŷٸѾ쵽ˣŴ򿪣ʱֱӽȥͿˡһߴӦȥѾһƬˣһ˯û
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һ£һո˯ѵˣͼһԸ쳣ٸվڴǰ㻹Ƶö𣿷Ѳ֪ζһѪŵһĻסˣŲţ¿ˮһԺҲ̲סˣŷ˹ȥƻ˹ŷװӣ˵ҪҪ
һһܹ裬ȥԺһѱסŷ٣ֿڲãѸٹռҪĿꡣûŷȫӦֻħצѾͻϰֱϮһ㣬ΪʱͷֻһͷѸٵռ˴ε塣ŷٵ˫ַڴ̨ϡ
ŷٴʱָܵʲôҪҵĹҪĻ᲻ᱻ˿˵ϣҲĸ̬øԶĴ͵ҪĻ۸Ϊʱڴǰսν޵
һϢһԺ󣬱˴ϡŷʱһŵģʼȫĵҸ˲֪˶ã
Ϣ˺һԺһŸоӶٿǵʱѾˣҲûطȥֻþſˮڸȥ
극ԺһָһЩŷڴɨսѱ£ڲõĻᱻ˿ʲôҲû˵ĻԺһְ಻סذ˹ȥһĶᣬ͵һȾѷɫ࣬һӾˡ˵ڶҪȵһγ־ã۵ҲһԣӾ
÷Ժһ׵ʵˣŷٸǱˣ˵ûˡϢ˺һԺ˲ŻָһÿһҪһ˵ŷʱʱĻѯһ䡣
ΪŮˣŷٷǳߵ˴ʱҪߣֻҪͿˡһ˵ѾﱸòˣʽѾûκ⣬ҲԵΪˡһۼʱŷپиоһΪġڿԼ۹⻹Ǻ׼ģʮ䣬ΪһͷˣںǶһ޶·Уʡܺ˿Ҳࡣ
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ŷߺһڴϣ䵽˼㣬ڷԼÿκŷټԺܻᷢĵز֮СʱҲοԼ˵˼Ů˶⣬αعڻأȻãݵİοȴǸΪʹ
һӣһ֧̣ѶŮ鳤ʱһߣкܶԼȥҵʱ䣬ͽ⣬ûκ洦һ̣߳˼ʱĹ滹һرҪĹҪѾŲѩ


ڶ СϺ
һ·ӰٴСϺĻܱˣʡСӡֽ֮ξԵΪҪˡһ͵ǲǿԺ֣ϵһ£ʡ̨һ¡뵽Ժһ׼绰ֻһʱ仹磬ԭŷ±˿ˡһ뻹ˣϰԺٴ绰һΪʱ⣬һŷٸߣ͸֣绰ܾе㲻þ
һִʱ¿ɸɣϴ˯һֱֻϴȻȥ˷Ȼ˵̨ʲôҲû˵ջ˷
һ칫Ժĵһ飬Ǵ绰֣ϵĻԺ֣ʾҪȥʾһ쵼ӦòΪһ·ӰĿʡ̨ȻҪһ¡Ĺ˵绰֣һٵ°֮ǰһ𸴡
һٵһµʡеձԺ󣬾ͿʼæµĹȰͷļ꣬ȻȥСϺﱸСİ칫ң˽һµκǿܣѾֹĹʮ֧飬֮ǣеһҷȻҲˣһǼġһһ¾κǿͲȻ֪ҷ˵ѽܵģȻҲѰʵ׵ȥʲôһ˽˹ί㱨˵ѾϵˣίʮͰסھһָʾһҪǵչ˺ãʲô˵⣬ֱȥ
һӳﱸСİ칫ҳԺȥ˲ѩİ칫ҡ˭֪칫ҵŽţ˸ڣƵĹԱһ֪ѩ糿Ժ󣬴˼绰Ժͳȥˣ˵ȥˡһȥݵ̨ͱ磬Ǵ˸绰ȥ
绰ͨԺ󣬲ѩһѾݣأһءĻԺһ׵طģ׼һһˣֱҵȥˡȥ˼ҲһǣպһͲһˡô˵һίίȥˣίôҲøӣ˵С֮䣬ⲻ˾򽻵òݹٳϣ֪պ֮ϵˣ治ࡣۺ⼸ԭݵɲѩȥ죬ͲҪȥʲôˡ
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Ļʽ֮ǰװӵϤһ˻ӭǣ׼־ƷԵģһϰжѣһ£Щͷ¶飬쵼Ķ־Ŀǣһɵ÷ˮģʱˣ棬кʵĻͰƵȥҲǰܵʱɡ
һԺ󣬾СϺﱸС鳤Ԭ̩һҲһԽĿǰ״᲻øԬ̩תһ룬Ԭ̩鳤ǸԵԼȣǽƽϡǶǵһִҲΧиȽϣǣһСΪ˷ֹκǿʲôһ֮ǰһ֮ͨǰе鶼˺ôˣȴԬ̩ռȥˣҪû뷨Ź֡һĻԺκǿʾ֧ǵľعٲֹܣνֻҪˡǿں쵼ǰ¶ȴûʲôʵʵ塣һкҲˣҪٲ֪˾Ͳˡ
Ԭ̨̩ϷԵʱĸоһ֮ǰһжԹԣ˼ٸɵĻǺܳġλ˼ĻԼһͻôĶ鶼Ǳߵڸɣ˼ҲԵĻᣬ㻹ûʲô˵ġڼҵʱƪӿǺúõһ򣬱ⲻ󣬵δӲˢˢķֽһһ
Ԭ̩³Ժ󣬸֧ıָ죬ԹΪղ³һǺܲðСϺӪֵȻռʮ֡ⲻǳСϺίͳһṩģӪֵȻһģһͬ˵Ժ󣬴ҲͰϾҲ漰棬ɫ󡢿ζµ㹦ȡʤĹؼ
涨ʱһСʱ֮󣬱ʽʼҴ̿ʼæµһʱ䣬ֻϣƣæŰ֭ϣֵæʰСϺˢϴצӡʲôġһҼæһƬȴæҡȻ
쵼Ҳϯ̨ӹۿȻںĴӸǰͣʱһߵʱֻϹæϣǶ֮һûӰ죬¥ֵĴҲڽŵæµšԱ߸ʰϺˣһúֻ֣ǰϺĺȥȻˢʹϴצӡʲôģһŲȥһﵱʱͷԺĻ𣬵ʱ˼һ᲻̣ϴӣǷĲ٣ΪÿһֻϺ뾭˵֣ϴɾˡ
һĶȥͷȥȥϹϺݳԷʱ龰ʱûܹϺһɫ˵СϺβϵӽܺй飬㵹ǺţԵȷʵ۶нζҲܲ飬ļǼƵ꣬ھĵʰСϺֱɸͺͺԲϺŰ֡
һţ͵ؾקԼһѣŤͷһ־ƣæͷȥ־ȻҲ򷹵˼ҵĲͬѯһô¡һ˵һ䣬ҲǺӦûʲô⣬һֱôġ־ĻԺŷĵǣãνĹھңĻǻɷȮṩһЦϡ
һģ־һʵе㲻̤ʵˣæߵһߺκǿ˼䡣֪϶û֮ŷλ쵼Ȳ졣


ڶ ȡʤе
Ԭ̩۴˽ܺಽ˲ʱСصͷһЩʲôʱһЦǵıԺһͷɻ󣬲˵˽ܲѵ
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һСʱʱܿ͵ˣ֧ؾ˸ԵĹо˸̽ҵڿ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
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ҵķԺ󣬹ԱͰѵ÷дӦĺ棬иҴӵֻ֣ڻ÷ֽס˵ġԼСʱʱ䣬ίĹѾеķѾķҶЩڴҵķԸңֱﵽ9394959394ֵĶңɴ˿ɼ൱ҵġ
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ĻԺȫһЦ־Ҳع
󺣽˵ǸղŶߺţҲӵۣ͸˵˵ʵĸ֧ӣ֮ǰӦ˵һʮϺ⼸ʮԵΪóԵġĻ˵⣬ͱҵˣ֧Ժ󣬶ѡ˵Ҷ֪⻰ҲһĿųɷ֣˼ô˵ٿ˵ԼҵգĶȥ
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˵ԺͣˣҶپһƣϼһﲻúã˿ζҲһѺ֡ɨȫһۣ󺣽˵ʵСϺ¹֮ǰѾˣ˵ôģҲ˵ˣҿԵȴԺֱȥӵˡ
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󺣵İæСϺԤеĻҪɹԺ˶ΧסˡһְϹӵϺøˣ޷Ե侲쳣ӵ
˾ԺһȰװӵ쵼ߣĿȥԺ׼ȥκǿίˣԭǶ£ھͻӦˡһס¿ߡ
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ԺһκǿίῪõķ䡣һע⵽ʱκǿһ֮ɫ֮ǰʱʱǽһСϺԺһﲻ̾ѣԴ̬ȣ˻м֮ҲҲߵýҪԭ
һԺκǿʱˣǾ͹ȥˣϾô֧ӵءκǿһгһУҴӲͳʤԭǲݵġκǿȥ氲źԺ޹κǿһҪϹΪÿһСϺκǿ󣬵ͷӦˣǶõᣬŹǿϧԺκǿȥһء


ڶһʮ ȫһ
κǿӦһˣʱڴ¡ڴʼ֮ǰ飬һǱĽ⣬ڱĹУ᲻ʲô۶ӡڶȵһ㻹ҪģΪǰ֮ڿֻҪһʲô׼ʲôΪֹģһҲ˳˹ھ
ǣǰγ⣬һ⣬Ժһ·˵ġСϺãҪʲôµĻе㲻֮УĿǰµĿӦò
ϳԷʱһͼλһôĿģ¶Ժ˵˳мλʱҪѱȥԺһ·̨ϣ־ƵЧáλҲǳ˵˵ֶ̣˵ҪҲ֣Է׷׵ͷʾ⡣λеļ߻˵׼ȹʱһʳֵרĿǾǵӦһ󣬵ȻƱʾӭˡ
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һµ־Ƶİ칫ȥ¥ݾͿϵ͸ĵƹ⣬˵칫ҵˣ湤һһ̾Ϊٵ˶ƴں˵־ӦǸϵĴˣҲкܶΣôˣڰ칫ҡ
һ֮ǰѸٵص˶еʱ򣬵ѧڹٳߣ߱һ
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죬һ쳣æµע⵽ļ߹Ȼšֻ˺ٰСϺ飬û˵Ľ˵Ҫʮյһ·ֳŻ𰸡ڱΪ˸棬κǿһǲСĺһ˵һɵΪԼ˸Ӱ졣
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Ὺʼ֮ǰȾе׽컴СϺİ佱ʽʽ־֣˺춼ֱ˻콱ʱһȥľȻޣЩ⣬ΪβڣҪ˵ȻǰϹĪ¶ʱôˡһ֪ȥǰϹӲԸȥ˵ô쵼šһЦŸһۣǹϯ


ڶһʮ 
˸ް佱ʱһֻ޵ϴתڹؼλͣʱǳһʱһ֮У˵Ůһ²ûʲô˵ģ쵼ôҲҪעһӰ죬Ҫ̨̨֪£˫۾㿴ء޽Ĵȷʵ˵ۣһϮɫȹ˾޲ѣֻںҹɫУ֪Ƿк֮С
򵥵İ佱ʽԺ˾Ϳʼϯ̨ϳ̨һ·ˡһȵĿ֮ĴĻӹҵУĿӰͿԿһߡ
ʱһоȫ񾭶Ϊĵʱ̣վ̨ȥһֺ̨侯սʿֱִڣȫװӣ˷Ĳ٣Ӧû˸˴󵨣ˡ
һȦԺһĵػصԼλϣ־Ͷѯʵ񣬵˵ͷʾһûʲô⡣־Ƽ״Ҳ˺ۿĿܾý˼ķȥҲ֪λгڴʲô⡣
һԺǡӰĶŮ˿Ƴһ㣬ز¶һʵϲûʲôǮȷʵܲɤ𣬻д͸һĿѣÿ˵ĳɹǲףĸҵ׸ԺһؿӰٵغزʱҲЩΡһԶ֣һعƣӣм׷ǵ˼
ᲨĿǳʣڷǳ飬Ҫһƽûгһ⡣һ;ٽʱֱַȥѲһһж
ɢԺ־ơ˽ܵȺصһˣæͱͷݵĴСԱϳ֮ʣһһ֣ļ£˵СӣúøɣǺ棬ȡɳ
ıֲΧ˳һһԼ޷֮У˵֮䲢죬ǼĴҲζѣȻμӻ⡣Ԭ̩۴һۣ˵ﶼǾɥ˽ܿǶζЦЦ
˵Ժ־ơ˽ܵ˰һ·͵ԺҲ뿪ˣһæµһֻûɢ˼һ㣬֣ǳƽ⣬Ϊһԡ׵ˮŻԼķ䡣
һ˽һСʱۻˣ˵ѣǳ仰ʵΪǰȫ⣬׼ȷ˵еĹУ᲻ʲô⡣ıʱҪö࣬һʱгֵᡣҪǵԡ˯ˣһһҪһᣬ˵˵
ڴԺһʲôȥˣһæ˯Ѿüҹû˯̤ʵˣ֣˯رĳ٣ټһۣӵʱ䣬ͳĽ硣
һ۵ʱѾǵڶˣ»صϣֻһˡһҹ˯Ժ󣬴ʱľر棬Ѿ˯ȫޣҪ˵Ǻãٴ˯þڶûˡ
һ˸Ÿ֣֪ѾˣǾԼ緹֣ظʮԺ󣬴ü
һԺ󣬼ûˣǱ˷ݱֽɳϿշҳ߸Ьô̧ͷһ֣ˣ滹һŮǺһλ
һԺ֣˵İرóԣƫţһȥ
ŮĻԺߺ˵㣬ûвţ˵̫ˡ˵Ժ󣬳һ¶ݣ΢΢һЦȻ˵һ磬ãûдǵĶɣ
һһ֪һʡĵûڣ֣˵ûУ˭ġ
ʲôʱϣŮЦؿ֣
֣ʱʶղ˵©ˣǰԼȥϣСѾͷԼʶ飬һΣӶԷԷ˵ȻϽ㿪ģǲˡ
ŮһԺ󣬲Ÿһ˳ڳϣһ֪Ůڿ˵֣һ͵֣˵ϴκһǸߵŮѣҲʡ̨
һ֪ȷʵϣǰŮһĨǵشһѵֻرܣȷʵ֪˵ֻ֪䯺ܣôһҲһ֪ѽ½ƣȥմӦѧҵӦʦܡ
˾Ժʱ磬ԲǺæӣһзơһһɫܿŵǰҪΪ̵ĻŮһܳȥԺ֣˴Ĵ磬˵㣬ҷ˵һ滰İȷʵܺóԡһȥҪ½ƣϴξûйԹô˵ûʲôóԵĶ
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һ˵ûУûС˵Ժ󣬾վȥˣʵڲԸѾͷȥˣԸ֣һѾο˵Ҳ죬ᡣ
صԺ󣬺֣ͬǸк˾Ѿ豸ʲôģʰˣ͵緹ˡ֪ѾԹ緹ˣ˼ææȥһ㶫˳
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һϳԺ󣬷˶Ů鳤ɣԺѸٵķʻȥ͸һϡϣپůģ˵̫ãһ̾
󹤷һͰѳͣίĴԺˣ˵ãʲô£ر˳֣ʱҲرĿ졣һ·һˣͣ½Ųͷʺãм󵨵ģǰ˵һףصĻһĵһһӦ
¥ʱӭļܿһȻһЦȻ˵ǣϲˣ
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һ¥ʹſ̽ؽһǺãһæӦСãȴɵ÷ֹô֪ˣѵӦ
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Ժ֣ͶݺõĲˣ²豭Ժ󣬿һ˵ǣղκ򳤴绰ˣ㱨
һ˵ͷ˵绰ȥھ͹ʱ䣬һỹҪȥء
ԺһṦκǿͽˣ߱˵ǣСϺҪȥˣ糿칫Ժ󣬷һ±ֽʡУٵйСϺڴл񽱵Ϣʡ˽˱


ڶһʮ ʾ㱨
һҲܿģʵκǿ䡣κǿ˷֮ɫ˵͸ѪȡóɹȻġ
һһ£κǿ˵ڵӦǵλˣؼҪøҷܸ꣬ΪԾҲγҵ¢ϣַߵ棬Ļǵҵ޷á
κǿΪȻһֱڳɹϲУһһ˵ȷʵô£һеĻ˵ɼֻڹȥδҪԼȥúðաһ˵ǣһȥȺͲϼһ£һȻٰѸҷټǵγһҵ淶ĶôҶܰ°£ͲʲôˣôҲѾĻŸƷƣ׾ٵĻˡ
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κǿ˵ͷ˼ԼעȫĴ֣ͬʱڻľáǰǳ˾֮飬ô޴ĳɹ޶ԣ˼ά̾ͿʼתʣԼ˼ȣɲһĴҪ֪˽Ŷʮ꣬ҪǼʱյĻеˡκǿԼԺһҪһĽŲиõǰ̡
κǿԺһȥҪ־ƻ㱨һ£ǰͬʱҲҪʾлһǳûϰãƾԼҪ»ǲܵġ
Ԭ̩ʱڰ칫Ŷȣ̱߳߿ֽֽһСһġ򡱵ֿ˻ΨһźǣûгԬֻ̩Ƭ֮ʣС˵򳤣Һ񿴼νƳİ칫ҡ
ĸΣԬ̩һͷˮ
ǣǸƳɲš˵˴Ǳָָ
Ԭ̩ŷӦƳɲȥˡԬ̩Ƴɲ֣ղẕ́һɨգһֱ겻ɢ޿κΡ˵ʵϴ䯾̸һЩʲôԬ̩ǻǲȴһֻĲӬһţûа취ֱһһһҪˣ㻹治֪Ӧ
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Ԭ̩תԺˣ˵Ƴɲֱ߹ˡֽճȭ߸ߵؾ𣬾µһ˲䣬йɳϣȻض˵ӣҲ̫ģҽȥسӦòѡۿݳʱҺǰţĵûͦͶģӣӦûǸġ
˫ȼϣȲ˵ģǼһҪҲߣûʲôҪֻҪһʵְ⣬򶼿ԡ
Ԭ̩΢΢˵ͷﰵ뵽治֪˽ܲܰæӽʱıֿȥԼӡӦı䣬ԸԸһҲûС
ߺԬ̴̩˸绰˽ܣ㱨һ¹˽ܵҲɴ࣬ʹӦҵʱʱɫģ˽Ҳ֡˵Ҳ֪Щ鶼һģԬ̩Ϊһ֣˭ĨɱĹءʱԬ̩£մسȻҲԴһˡ
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־Ժһپ˸ɾΪ˵ıҪһֱĵ¼һ·ֳûݣʹǰĵ·ġЩʱǰѶεǿʵʱҲδؾͲǲսʤġ
һϳ֮ǰ˸绰ŷ١˽ʱ䶼ûһһΪԭһ棬һĲڰĶ֣ڶԼʵʩʱŮˡϣĽŷʼջһſǷ֮ģٰЩνķ֮УĶ޷ԭԼһŷٽӵһĵ绰ǿĵģ漴ͱ˹ȥǲԼиһ̫ѹϣĽ
ԼȥСڹҵ绰֮ǰһĵ˵һ䣬ٽ㣬ˣŷץסֻþõûзſֻﶼΪֹ޳Ѹٵ˵һ䣬Ҳ㣬ȻҶ˵绰һΪǺߣʵŮ˵ġ
Ԭ̩һʱ򣬾ȥȻ˽˵ɲ׼ȥ˵쵼Ŀ飬ǲ쵼͹ȥˡ
س칫ſڵʱ򣬼ͷдŸӡԬ̩Цشȥ˵һá̧ͷһԬ̩бʣϣ˵Ԭ򳤣سԺٹٿس칫ᡣ
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Ԭ̩ע⵽ԴԼԺ󣬺ûڶղŵĸӣԼ죬ٻǰιֱǰġ˵쵼ķ꣬⻰һû
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˽ֱŵֵʱ򣬲Żص칫ҡԬ̩һţװŵһ̴վӭȥһЦͷʺسã
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˽û˵ֻ΢΢ЦЦԺԬ̩˵ոôĻ쵽£


ڶһʮ ű
˽ܽӵԬ̩ĵ绰ͷֹ˵һæµ󣬽Ӧһ£һһʹ绰˵Ҫ㱨Թô飬˽ȻĹһڣֱ⡣Ҳ̽һԬ̩ʲôá
Ԭ̩˽һʣֿ˻Ҫ˵س»һҲΪϵЦݸˣһ֧Ժ˵سӢҽ㱨⣬еæ֪һֱǶǷǳĺͰġ
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˽ܵĻԬ̩ܿģǾͰƳɲŶһλõ뷨˵˳˽⻰û̱̬룬Ҳ̫űˡһ˴Σ˵ûʲôʵȨǿʵʵڵĸƼôܰȥأ㲻õĻԼ鷳
˽һ£Ԭ̩ӣװΪѵ˵̩ҿ°ﲻˣҪ֪ƼɲҪϳίġ£ҿѽ
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˵һ룬Ԭ̩ͣŻе˼˽һһֻһίǣ׾ܰ쵽飬һسѵ첻
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ڶһʮ ׼̯
Ӧǰɣ£һ㶼˵ñȽתղŵĻ񣬲Ҳûʲô飬һ˵һ˵
ʵŮѣǲǱ˽ܵģʱһһڼҵĴ磬Ǹһֱ߸ίǡ
ѽǣ˵֮ʶһιأ˵
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һͰ֣һʶ龰ϸ˵֣ΪСĳƺ˵ʱ迩Ц֪ͣΪЦΪ֣һµĳƺЦ
˵˵ЦЦܿ쳵ͽ˺ǡ˼ҵض˵ǲ˵ۿԽԽˣ˵ɾûлˡһᣬһ˵ǣϣҽ׳ɹ𣿡
һ⻰Ժסˣʲôϣ׳ɹеɶĺСͷԡ漴˵ҵȻϣ׳ɹѽǵøҽѽ
Ļ䣬ݵλϾʹһ䣬ˣһʧġһһʱͷ֮У룬СѾͷôˣ˵ʲôĶǸ㲻
ֱ³趼ûٺһ˵һ仰һؿŸղŵĻԼû˵ʲôѽ˼Ϊʲôôأе㲻СĲǣ㿪ˣæ͵һúĳһҲһľ濪
һ򿪷ŵʱ򣬷ŷѾȻڼˣڳæһĵ߹ȥӺһ¥סŷתͷһҪǵĹĲ˺ˣһʱᣬ׷ֿŷٳ֮ʣһҲûзŹһѣǶһ¡ٷԵÿΪĲˣҴҵسԺ궼ûգͼææؽ˷䡣Ƚյķź澿ʲôǿԲ룬޷Ǿܽůԧ콻ٺ٣˵ֱһ㣬ǻ˶㶮ġ
һԭʼĿ֮ʣԬ̩۴졢¡ˣ¥һľİǵԵģ˭Ҳû˼ȾƣҴҵس˵㷹Ժ˾ͽ䡣ӲлϣеһѾˣŷβתκκúܲס˶࣬һƬȴΪԾִŵ
ԴԺ¥ľѾһˡ۴쿴һſɥŵﰵǲǵѾҪĻͽ͵Ŀʲôأ̵ٺݺݵ̻ҸԺ۴Ѿ˾ϣô˵Ҫһ£ԼʧˣҲ̫ûˡ
۴վƿһʱ˽Ƶɢȥһڲ裬ȻѲ豭صطϣֻ豭Ͳ輸ϵĲһ۵һ졣Ԭ̩ˣ̰Ŀ⼯еϡ۴˵ѾˣسѾѻ˵ϣ·ָûϷˡ룬ûбİ취ҸҴģƳɲҲϣ¸Ҫİ¶Ļû»˵ǿ϶ˡ˵ҲǲԸǸ˵ûа취سС
ѽ˵ҲеԬ̩ӿ˵¶Ҳóƾʵóʲô֤ҲûжĹϵһ֪鲻ɡ
룬һ˵õɣֻңֲǣһأϿҺͨ¼뵽Ժ˵˳˵ˣġ
ĻԺ˳Ĭã˵ҿҪȥ̸̸ߵʵղ˵ģӦҲͬھǾ͸𣬵ȹʱٰ취ڵľѳֻۣʱһ̣ҪǾóԿĻǿȲǮҲƽһ㡣
˵ⷽһԡԬ̩˵뿪Ŀǰλã˵һΪӣһ滹ΪûʲôʵʵĺôǾͶ֢ҩӦеЧ
۴Ҳ˵ͷҲΨһһԵķˡ
һ£ȥϵһ£ʮǮȥһԽãʵڲеĻҲʱһʱ䲻ҪˣȻ취
뿪¥ʱѾˣһƬڣ˵ҲһšǷעһз٣ֻү֪
һһҹҸģȻҲ۵ģڶ˯ߵ׼ȥһ´ţȻٻӸƾŵ֮ǰ㲻Ҫڹ˾ҵһҲż
һϰԺ󣬾ʹ˸绰ƳɲšƳɲʱ򣬺ܿģм֮СʱȥϹϺݣ˵̸ƳɲͬˣʶΪԼϷҪôصġ
ʱ䣬ƳɲŵӿνƲѣ˴涼һЩٵϼһûйͬҲͰˣ綢Źһ㲻ʱĵشƳɲţʱСһЩʲôֻҪƳɲһ߽ͣ߹ƳɲŵĸоһҲǴˣÿ糿ȥӦîʹڼȥϰ࣬Ҳ˼ţǵӳõѡ
µ绰Ժ󣬻Ƴɲֻھҵ֮Уƽһ顣ͻȻϵĵ绰һףĵ绰ûƳɲȥİ칫һˡ
Ƴɲɻǰף칫ҵ·ϣôʱεĵڶ죬ȥΰ칫һ⣬Ҳṳ̂Ǽ칫ҡٿλʱ򣬻ƳɲҲμһΣʼȥкҲϰΪˡôףͻȻԼȥĪǡ뵽Ժ󣬻Ƴɲʶҡҡͷմ绰ˣҲôͼӰЧ
ΰ칫Ժ󣬻ƳɲŲ֪ղǶˣףȥ˴μһ顣ƳɲĻؾתһ룬ĻףûӣҲԽһιȥһæòɿļƣԼҲһӡ뵽Ժ󣬻ƳɲӦףûˣҲվˡ
ص칫Ժ󣬻Ƴɲĵ绰칫ҵû˽ӣֻʾڷʱֹղŻ绰ԼģôһӾͲӰء뿪ʱԽԽˣƳɲҲ׼ٵˣֱҪȥ
糿һ˵Ҹģᵽ˼ҵů˶ȥҴңʱҪڵġŷ˵һȥó٣ɴ˸绰ȥλ˰٣ȫȫص˼ͥһŷٰƵĴ࣬ټȥСſˬڡ
һ˲䣬һЩԻʱæ׷󡢷ܽж壬ÿƽӣиֵȥߣһСҲһҸȻ뷨ԺнֻһǸŬƴ֮ʣôܴùء΢΢ЦԺʼضԸϡˡЩע޷ı䣬αȥأĻͽ⣬洦ˡ
һ뿪СʱŷһֱڴһעŴ۵⣬ŷٿǸԼĵˣɣ̹ǻȥĵ׳Ҹ֮Уʲôһŵһʺ򣬴ʱ˿̣ҲһӰǳԼһֱĬĬעӰֱĺǡĵϣ˵ĻΪԶǡ
峿ⲻǿңȴǳۣһ壬ЧǲáؼʻɣʻںĴϣıΪгһгһ͵طԼѾܾûﳵˡ


ڶһʮ ǮǴү
˶⣬Ѿû˶ˣȥɲУҲܲﳵʲôˡŸձҵ;úѧʱѾܱˣǰǺǡ뵽⣬һʶЦԺ͵ظֳŷҪٶĻ¾͸Բˡ
һǾŵൽĺŷز˾ȻϣŲŸյ칫ң軹ûݺءһǿģ֪ιʣԴӼԺͲĪĺøУԼֵһĸо
һ˵ݷһԼʾͬ⡣ǰӦʱһ˵ҵ϶Ҳȥ˺ʶһ¡ʡ̽ǺպܵƵأпִϼţڻûг֮ǰʶһ£ԽӦǺаġ
һĺܳŵϡ־Ƶ飬һ֮ǣ䲻󣬵ǲͨ飬Ҳ˶һӡ
Լȴγ;һ£Ҫ˷ɻȥƹʡҪһԺܻһҲԲԷҪֻҪʹ֮ߣˡ˶ˣôȻȥġ
һӴŵĹ˾Ժһֱķʻȥ˴ʮӵʱ򣬿ʻһɫɣɣú˴ĳȥƳɲںϣ룬һ￴ѾӦ˴֪ʲôܣ˵أһﻭһʺţʲôʱбҪ̸һ̸
Ƴɲŵûעһĳ˼ڵ绰ˣֻô򣬶ڷʼǵһԷ˼ʱѾʧΪԼʧԼʹ»˵ĻǾ̫ԩˣϳԺһֱֻһֱڣͬһûƳɲйѣǲҪ¡
ʱ򣬻Ƴɲһ仰Ҳûȥһ˼ϣϲĵ绰ɽȴһġ
ٽʱ˴̨ϽƳɲŵĵ绰͵ͷһĺ룬æ˽漴ٵȥ˲̨˴κڶัǳ˰Ŀ⡣
绰ͨԺ󣬻Ƴɲæ˵￪أزȥˣʸвСæ˵ݲμȫ֯أزȥҪСƳɲ󽹼ѣæ˵¾ôģȸһ¡ȴ˵ڵ绰Ҳ˵ȻȥԺģҲһʱᡣ
Ƴɲ⻰Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻ㬵ع˵绰ȥûһɢˣȻ緹Ժʹɢˡ
˷ţƳɲ޺޵ĵùʲôʱ򿪲УǷڽ죬ⲻǳĻӵߵǰţȥ͵Լʱȥѵȥϰ࣬Ҫؼ˯ڼҲˡ뵽Ժ˾˵С£һе飬ҪСʱȣǣ
˾Сæ˵Σû£ȥæҾȡ
ãƳɲ˵Ժ󣬾ֱſȥѾ⣬Ҹطһ£ʱ̫ˡ
ԺԺ󣬻Ƴɲſǰ˴ԼףȻͣһ⳵ϳԺ˾˵ȥƺƵ꣡˾һۣȻߵתͷ˵Æ⳵˾ȻƺƵʲôƳɲŻǵε츱εʱһ칫ƷĹӦ̴ȥģǸоʵΣ硣
ƺƵԺ󣬻Ƴɲֱ¥ģҪһ˵İ䣬̨Ů˻¶΢Ц
˰ƺΪģ˫˵һ󣬴һηм䣬ӡյ֮һӦȫСﻹŲٵϡơƣװ޷ǳĺȴһƬʣΪΨһһյƷƵĵƹ⣬÷һжһ㱡ɴƳɲŵעڷ棬⳨ţ۾ڲʱſ߹ЩСӹݣӦоС⸱˵ķ羰ƳɲֻĳЩλ쳣˷æȥ·Ѹԡȥ
ڱ̵ĴһԺ󣬻ƳɲѸٵسϴһˡս䣬һʮˡŮ˽崿͵ģȻƯȴθڡŮȥԺ󣬲һֽһһҵģȫڽ͸ȹӳ£Եð͹£زǶԱŵ˵ƳɲŻûôġ
һļϣŮŻƳɲİȥƳɲ֪ļ۸ܸߣȷʵֵŮȷʵ˵ø͸ڿµʱ򣬻ƳɲŲһûס̽ͣϢһԺǹոݺ۳һᣬ͹˰졣ŮӺƺȻʵҪҪһΡƳɲͷǸղŵһĻݣλƳɲŵıֿɱȸղǿ˺ܶ࣬ŮӿŵĺУһӣش
صԼİԺ󣬻Ƴɲžû̹Ȼ֪ⷬһµĹûˣ̫ںġôĵ츱ĶȻûУССõģȻٲˣСǮûôϡŲ֪Ƶĵӣ룬⻹ǸõȥǮĴүĶǹһȥ
Ҳ飬ҲǱĵ绰ֹϵļ飬Ƴɲһֱ°ʱ뿪칫ң˴˶ܲӦڰ룬λʲôʱҲתˡ
һæ֮ǰԺ󣬲ûдϢ۹ֶ˻ľҵҲһֱǳصһ档ڲϵʱͻȻƿˡ˴󵨵ģֱӽģۿֻ֪ФĪȻ̧ͷʱФЦؿ
һͳݸһ֧̣ʵ˵Ҫˣǲ֪ͨҳԷģ
Ǻǣôʲô֪ФӹǰһΪһ˻𡣡۽׶Σܣһ
ФĶ˵Ȼһ΢΢һ㶣ûмǴĻФһΪ̣Ȼ֮ǰѧʱ⡣ٺõѣڹٳ󻷾£Ҳǽ׵¼ϵЩʧ䣬Ҳû̫⣬׻˵úãڽɼ
һҪȥ𣿡һʵ
ѽҰڲ飬ҲҾ˾ֻҰĹоʱൽ㱨Фһ˵
һЦ˵ȥģòô˵ͳɣ
ģô˵ģƭФһƬ֮ɫ
ıԺһ˼֣εҡҡͷײƵǿġФһ˵ô᳹˾˵ָʾˣһʱûôФ˸ƵģҲǴνĳˡ
Фشƾ֮ĹϵҾòҪЩ
һΪȻĻ˵ѽʲôϵҪϵһסһ·ߣԾͲġһĻгϡ
Фĵ˵Ժ󣬾ͽǴ˵ĽŲˡǺǣ
ȥģ
˵ЦĶ棬еĽФܺһһ޼ɵ˵Цϴα˰쾢̽һ䣬õĴ𰸲ûȥȥ׵ʱȻûи˼Һɫ˵´ҲˡԷ򰲼ŵٶĹϵǳ񣬱׼ıһ˼ң벻ûûεѾͷȻ飬һǾͰһʵòᡣ


ڶһʮ ƻ
˵ЦһԺФ˵е㱨һһ˵ô棬Ǻйص飬æ˵
Ф˵췢Ļ÷ĶȽ쳣һæŹ·ͻױƷǰһϣӵ˷ĵܵظȥ˴ԼһԺ󣬾ͳˡФɻ÷ǲǿȥ죬ԲæŹ֮Ķ˹ǳλǷֻ÷һ춼ȥ֪µ꣬ڶȥʱ򲢲ǵǼ򡣱˻˼˵Ф˵԰ӺҪǲڨڨ˵˳ѽ˸Ů˺µ꣬ȷʵʲôʵ飬ǲûнȥ
һԺֳŷϴδǼɫ£ıȫѹˣҪԸСǱʶϿФжϣһ£ǿԻ÷ļأҪʱʾĵ绰мڿҪ׽סĻ÷껹ǸؼԵ˵ɫͷһѵʱ治ܲš
Ф֮һԺиֳˣŵòһӰ룬˳׽סĻֽ֪һӣǲǰ緢ˡ
ļ죬ΪѰȻǻƳɲţĵ绰е㲻ҡ֮ǰϢʱǲܲˣڵ֪ѾϢˣءһϣ֪е㺦£֪ʱٻеϣҪǵõһõĽĻе㵣ģԼǷܵˣһ棬Ҳ´绰ëˣʱֱӸĻͲˡ
˭νƣֻŻŻˡҪȥĻȵùĽԼɵЩ飬Ҫ˵ɲˡԺﾭϴ͵Ƭ飬ͼΪбȽϣ־֮ɵû亹ֱð
ʱ򣬻Ƴɲűﲻסˣĵ绰õĴǳȥˣҪʮµĲܻƳɲƲѣַãֻ㬵ع˵绰
ȥ￪᲻٣ǻᵽϾͽˡڹŲƳɲţ۴УʱһҲԼˣʱ̸ʱЧܻһ㡣Ҫ֪ƳɲÿצһؼѶգҲͲôˣ۴ҲǴһͿһʱˡ
һֱһͶڣҲûƳɲǼˣֱȥԬ̩ҪٲĻҾһ꣬Ԭ̩ӦϵġŪԺԬ̩̰ߵ۴졣
Ԭ̩Ժ۴ŷⲽҲߴˣڻƳɲŲû侲䱾ӼŪɳ׾
Ԭ̩۴ƲѵʱһҲɡΪһڼ䣬Լ÷ģǰһ绰Ҳӡ֤ǵĲ²⡣һͻʡڵֱϽждĵ绰ͨʱֻ̣ܶж̶̵ʮӣҲܼ򵥣ֻһ仰һʱٺϵ÷Ȼ֪Է˭һǱ漴͹Ҷ˵绰
˭֪һ֮ǰһϣظҹɫ˻÷ļңͬʮԺ󣬾ͳˡԺ󣬻÷û֮ǰæµһڼŲŲǸԶеĵ绰ҲûдȻҲظĵ绰˼ȴһ񣬹;ϵ
Ф绰һ㱨µʱڻľŸĸ֣˵ڵʱ򣬴һġ˭̨֪ʱȥྩ̸̨һʲôĿ֣ҪƴǣǸŮЦЦı飬һߣӦԼԼ˵Ҳȥ̨ﲻ֪ʲôԭȴ֣ȥ˷ѽ⡣ŮʧĿ⣬֣پˬѡԺ󣬴绰һʱȴһǻڲѡƽʱѵлһκòһż٣ԼŪˡһ԰ο˺һ󣬲ӦһǸ죬ȥӦ쿴֣ΪЦ˵һҪʲôȥྩʱһ˵һ䣬ֻҪҶϲſĵع˵绰
ûʲô飬ͺ㣬˵ͬһϣƽʱڹԭѵùӵФĵ绰һǲˬνǺ֮ˣ޲㽫׽ù鰸һһ£Фǲ©ʲôФæ˵Բܣ߾֪ˣȫԴƱ
⻰Ժһһ£ȻЦ˵Ǿûʲôõĵˣһʱ£ı⣬ֻ뷨ǾûʲôõġֻҪܵĲãϹġ
ФҲܿģΪһе㲻ˬ벻عͷԼǻʲô˵ءһһܷɣ㱨һ£һˣ̨༭лģǲҲҪǿءڻųѾط紵ݶоһЩʲôҪĻȥлĵĿԾͱȽϴˡФ˵ȼһȥ㱨ȡ֧֡
ڣԬ̩۴˹ǷǳƵģѾһ·ֵʱ۴Ƕô޴ˡ˵ãû˵ɹ˲ôˣһԹѾ֪Ƴɲ緢˷һĴһԺһ¾ڶȥƳɲţ̯ƣԱͣʵڲеĻֻҪҪˣȥˡ˻ÿóһ罻ȻȥſʱƳɲţϣܾʹ˶ס͡
¥ɢԺصңӺͶѾ˯ˡһڿ˺ü֧̣˼ŶԲߣҪƳɲŵʱ⻰ô˵˴ԼһСʱңã˵жЧұ֤Ҫóֵ׼С
ڶһ磬ֱ˯ŵ𴲡Թ緹Ժ󣬾ʹ˸绰ƳɲţͶԷԼϰ˵ȥȺȲ衣ƳɲЦûж˵ʲôȴЦ˱֮⣬̲סŭͷ룬ʲôȻ̬ȶԴҡ뷢ԷѾ˵绰ֻú޺޵ߡ
һʱ򣬾ͻϣĸȥľˣһվҲǣҲǡܶȥˣȥˡϵԺ󣬺úõ˯˸Ȼ˸绰ŷ٣֪ԷںСļأ˵ǳ磬ȥɹһ±졣һһ⻰ʱ˾öԷҪ뿪͹ȥŷҲܿģ˵ȥ˳˻һʲô
һԺ󣬻˵һҾ㡣
ŷһֱ쵽Ӹŵ绰˵һɫǣȻѸٵع˵绰һ뻹绰Ѿཱུæֻ㬵ع˵绰뵽һһҪúõʰһȻҹԼĵ绰˯ոһԵ÷ǳ棬뵽Ҫúóͷһŷ٣˷ӦŪԼЦѣһҲ̫һ㡣
Ҳȥĺȥƺĵģ뻹ˣϾʮĴۣҪǳʲô¿ɲġǵطԬ̩ȥΣ棬͵ԭⷽûʲôã۴޵źˣһҲôһԬ̩ͳĵˣÿһϵεģ¹ǵӰҲȥ˹üҡϱζԺһ¾ûƺĻɫΪ㣬ҲΪλ쵽һڣҪһΡ뵽Լ쵣ʹȥһģú˸裬˸ţúõϢһ¡ֱңŴ
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Ӿʱǡɱһͷ·ûпԷһһ棬ôһ˴أΪϸһԺ󣬶ûΧˡ
һͷۣȥҲӵģСʱŷٸհѼʰãûüȥˡԺһĶֱӱȥһ·ϣСܾܵûаʱӲŷ˵ĶһĶĥһṦͷ˵ֿȫĵһµŮ˶Ժ󣬾ûǰϷˣץסһͦ롣ŷһԺ󣬱ȫ
֪˶೤ʱԺ˲ֹͣ˶һϢԺ󣬿ŷʵû;ˡһ״˵ɴ࣬ȥӻ֪ŷϲǵİӡŷĶ᲻˼ͷͬˡ
һðӳʱѾӰղŹʱѹֿɣе죬ԭģʱĳǰտҲһﻹ˺棬Ϊı̫ˣȲǸԬ̩۴ǹģҲûдšӣһ˴ڵģôھʲôСءѵʲô³һ˸ʺš
֮ʱĻʱһĶö۾һеСȴǴ֮ãӲ󣬵ϲ³ǰ档
ǰʱ䣬ϹƵټϻƳɲȥǶֹʱ䣬ĵص㣬һʡĵˣһȻǹעѾˣһеڣ֪ղžͲȥˣ󣬿һ﾿ڸʲôá
ʱѾȣȻ֪ʱ仹磬ȻԼ˻Ƴɲžó̬ȳҲóˣ˼ûаˣܲڴ̸ɡѡǺܶһԽģȽϴ󣬻ƳɲŲʲô쳣ľٶ»ƳɲŻȭҪĳֵģĻ治֪ճӦû˼ɣʲôľٶġ
ǣһֱȵ˵ˣƳɲŵӰеסˣó绰׼šƳɲڷԱĴŽˡͲһ룬һװＱ˻һ㣬ƫƫװںӣб£ͱҲءؿ˵ںæѽ֪Ҿ͵ʱʱԼˡ
ƳɲűбһۣĶίԱæᶼǸڣǵྩȥģ
Ա˽ŵӣæڴϵʲô裿ղλѾΪֻӣ³ݣ
һݴ˼쵼ǲСϰպȲ𡣡ƳɲųŷԱ˵۾ȴס
ʱʶǰѾʧȥˣٺȥѾˡѽŵһɣŷԱ΢ЦλֵǿЦģģĶʲô쵼ݴ
Ա󣬵ͷȥ
ƳɲſıԺ룬ˣ㻹˵㣬ҪǲҪȥͽ죬ĶֵίίԱ֯Ƴǿ˶ȥˣԶĲ˵ҾͱҪǿϼ
Ҫ֪ƳɲŴʱ뷨˵ñȥĶٺʲôСԱĶܿ죬һṦһݵñݴȻشųȥˡо֮е㲻ԾΪʧ꼰㣬æ˳ȥ
Աȥˣվ˿ǷʵȻص˸ղŵλϡƳɲϴӡ裬ȥеģһҲûż֮⡣֮ȵľģʱżѾˣʲôأĵغȲ̡Ҫ׼һ
һĳʱҲſڣ޺ֻһµͣſڣһͿԿĳһæѳͣ·ߣϸشΧ˺һԺҲûмӰһ³鿴һ£ȷʵĳĶȥءĿԾǽȣôһ˳극Ȼٺͱ˵Ȳأ͸Ź죬һһ̽ǲܽȥ鿴ҲһֱţŷٿɻԼȥء
Ϊ֮ʣһ뵽ФϳԺ󣬲ĵ绰һ˵ԺФ˵ڼأϾ͹Եһᡣһ˵绰Ժ󣬵һ֧̣ѳηˣ棬һФһҲˡһõίǣʲôã׿ӡӣˣֻǣ֮ô˵Ͳȥ
һһ֧̻ûг꣬ФѾˣѳͣںʮ׵ԶĵطȻ߹ֱһĳһѸղſĹһһ˵˳Фһ󼤶һһԬ̩һΪҲǷǳעӻͨϡ
һָָİӣ˼˵ǱһȥأԲŴ绰
Фæ˵û£߾ͽˣһϢҾ͸绰ûҲܴ⣬һñ˿ô¡Ǿ죬˭ˣҲöʲô
һ˵ͷ˵ֻôˣأٻʲôɣ
⻹ǳ£ѾϷˣĶǣСʤ»飬ٺ٣Ф˵ʱȫʶѡǣʲô˵ûʲôɹǵġ
һٺһЦϣ治ý̸֧ͣФȻǸ˵ҾˣҲϸֻ֪˭һ𣬾ˡ
Ф˵ͷȻ˳ԼĳȥһŻɣɣػ˳С
ȵİ棬ʱǳˬƳɲװƵӣ޲ȥһȭһ̫ɶˣʱװúûһӣ˵ɲѽǰȷʵǿģȥ˼죬ͰǸ㲻ɣ
ίԱ˵⻰ҿɵҿûôĵӡƳɲŵһ䵭ͣһԺ󣬼˵ֻҪܰҵ°ףȼҵν
󣬳ŻƳɲ˵ɲϵܣȲ衢Ȳ衣˵ͷԱ߸ٵתţôȰ˵ܸЧһ㡣
ƳɲһĻ̿һ£豭ߺȱ۾͵͵ֻҵ͵͵Ѽƽ
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Ƴɲŵ͵һ΢Ķͳһ֧ԼĴڡ
˵Ҳ֪²ܾģΪԬȥسҲ֪سܹ˵ϻġ
⻰Ժ󣬻ƳɲŲص˵ͷ
˼Щɶæ˵س󣬶ܹģҲԸæոձȥûгʲô飬ҪĻȷʵ㡣Ҳ֪ĻԵ֯ľڲˣͬСӹҼһ㡣س˼ǵȸһصģٰ취
Ƴɲתղŵĵģڴõ֤ʵʱ鷴ƽˡ͸µС˵ˮȻ²˵ίԱҿ԰ղŵĻɣҵ¾ˣ԰ɣ


ڶٶʮ ʮ
ɲֵܣҲô˵ֻʱܰ죬ȹʱ䣬Ҳܡ֧֧ģ֪λش
ȹʱ䣬ȥʱҿƳɲŷŭغеȥһǰͷ̫ıӵĿͻҪ˵һأڣ㶼ȥģһվ˵ۡƳɲ˵⻰ʱǳν첱Ӵֵġ
һԶԣҲ˵½һƳɲŵŭĻ͵òʧˡ´ͳлݸƳɲһ֧Ȼ˵ϵܣֲʲôĩգòŶô
ƳɲẒ̌û˵˵ĩûʲôһ˴ǻӣݼûҲʮѽҵίԱƽĶۣļ尾𣿡˵ʱ򣬻Ƴɲе㶯ˣۿﾹỨ˸
˵Ҳȷʵе˸Уһ˭Ըȥϵĵطʲôģˬһ㣬һҲ̫ˡ뵽⣬һԻƳɲ˵Ҫ־͹Ǽһʵ̫ˣֶμֱ̫ˡ
ѽƳɲ˵һڣ̷ͼһԼŭһҲ̫СһƳɲˣȻʱˣˣʲôСƳɲŻһת˵Ҳܹ˼ңһˣֻҶǻϣԲŻ㵽һ̿ɻɻѽ
˻ƳɲŵĻԾѡƳɲ˵һᣬֻԼ߻ϣ⾿ʲô˼ѵһѾ֪ºԼߵйϵҪĻⲻֲ̫ˡһʲô֪ȻԬ̩۴٣⾿ݵһ뵽Ժֻúವģֱˣ͵һ̵֡ٵڰɫĵذϣװ̳һԲεĿݰߣæӼ̵٣̻Ҹýڵذ̤̤
Ƴɲżľ̬룬Сۣ治㡣Ц˵ƳСһѽôͷأûʲô°ɣ
еĳ֮⣬˵ллɲιˡ԰ҧúء
һ⻰Ƴɲ˪һ㡪ˡԺ͵͵һ֣ȴκα֡
˭ҲڣĬĬصͷȲ裬ƳɲͳԺڼǵõݸһ֧ˡǰһΪϻ̬ν͡Ĺٳϣνǵһ¼רƳɲżҲЩж֪ҲôȥôֵĻʵвʡ棬Լָô죬ƳɲһҲûС
ҲǸ£ǿ˻ƳɲŵĽϪ̣ӣһڲԺ󣬵˵ɲϵܣҲ֪ίǼ˵һ⣬ϣ԰꣬ȶʱ䣬дİ취ġ˵ߴ¿ڴͳŰɫпڲ輸Ժ˹ȥ
Ƴɲż˶Էļƣﻹе棬Ӳ輸Ժ󣬲ûбֱܻӴһλһ⣬Ȼ㡣⻹еƳɲŵ⣬ʱ֮ȥֻǳһʱߡʵϸ˵Ҳǣе鶼ԼǸ̸ġ֮⣬ȥ֮Ԭ̩۴һǳŵļƣЩãǲŽץסš˵ͷҲûа취ֻҽˡ
Ƴɲʮпʱì֮˵ʵڵʱȻһ㣬ûô֡£ʶԼһʲôè壬ҪԷôǮġſҲζźͶԷЭԺȥˣĻƻ˹ء뵽Ժ󣬻ƳɲŰпƻصǰЦ˵ƳóɲſеܳôԼթһ㡣
룬һϼ޻͵ļӣƷ΢΢һЦ˵ɲϵܣôôأҶ֪ίȻûʲôϵܹҶǼ˴˸ӣҲǶһԲթʲôġôϵܽթ𣿹
ƳɲĻҲɵЦ˾ض˵ɣίԱ룬ʱҸ𸴣ô֪ôģҪء
˼ҼȻô˵ˣȻҲǿʲôˣڻƳɲҲ˵˽׵ĻӦòҪصĵġ
˵ĽӦûģ΢ЦһӰ߳СԱŷʼʱ浣ǲǻ
Фڳһ㶼Ҳ֪һ˶೤ʱ䣬ͶԷûһԷɼϵһ㣬Ȳ衢̸ʱ䣬ȻĶȥһ֧̣͵һ̧ͷѾˣٿߵһˣĺ£һɫ΢΢е䣬ǲĻƳɲŶԣѾ˴ȥˣϴһһһ䣬˵һ֪ٶôһأǲһ·ģФɻ뵽
Ժ󣬻ƳɲŴˣİɫɣȥ߱ʶܿ˿·ı˿ƵġФæͷѹһѹĳҲߣʲôӡ󣬲ñȽԶԵʣӦò׷֡
е㵣ı˷֣ڻƳɲſϵҾܵضԼô˺Ȳ衢죬Ҫ䵽˵ֻǷϳԺĶˣƳɲҲԶˣʱ㱻˿Ҳû£˭Ҳ֪˭棬̸Щʲô
ФĳϹ·Ժ󣬲Ųһĵ绰һʱճɳϿӡФ˵ǸƳɲһȲģﰵһϲղŶ೤һۣǶԵġ֮һʲô飬ƳɲŲڸ֪˴ʱ򣬾ȥİ칫ҳ֡ڿĳ飬ʲôͲö֪ˡ
ФǲҪȥһûҪˣƳɲѾˣٶʲôءФ˵绰Ժ󣬷ͷʻȥٻղŻڱԹڵĶðȣ˵һм£Ǳ߲Ų£ڼȻûˣȻûȥˡ
ųڴĿĵתţϡҹ޺˸ĺھͻؼ˯ʵе˵ȥɾȥĶأ˳ȥƺģһʱϿ͵ʱҪʲôģͲˡ˵ҶܲײӦøáҲģ漴ˡҵĻС㶼ƺ£ȴ෴ķһʮңôˣɲٶȦˡ
ԥ֮ʱ͵Ƴ·кüϴͷۺĵƹջʮ㡣̧ͷ˿Χ֪ʤ·ϣһϽ֣Ѳյķ֪ʲôʱ𣬶Ȼ˲ٵϴͷϽԵľЩϴͷһЩű¶ŮſɦŪˣһҹƳϣһƬۺ졣˲֪¼еĺʵʵسԼߡ
֪ʤ·һ˵ķ羰ûй˹ڴԣĿ֮£û߽ȥ⻹һԭ򣬾ֱϣطĵαȽϲе㲻ϡмĶٽԥҪҪ³еϴͷģҲϴͷñʲôģҾȥֲһҪȥҲûȥ͵ȥʶһ£Ҳδɡ
뵽Ժ󣬰ѳͣһô£ϢֻߣﵽǽǣϽֵ·ƱȽϻ谵ҪǺһĻ»ûǰˡ


ڶٶʮһ 
ʮ׿һϴͷˣֻ̧ͨͨͣͷһԺ󣬼ǰȥҪſ֮ʣͻȻһĦгƹǿΧյͬһ㣬ͷֱǰȥϴͷſڵʱ͵̧ͷ濴ȥڲŵߣһű¶Ů濴֡һ࣬ӿ˽ŲѸ˹ȥŻɵõģղŵŮ᲻ҪĻöѽ뵽ԺɵüӴ˽Ų˴Լ塢Ժûдʲô죬ŷٵǰš
ЩСԸУ·һһ٣ؼǵãߵǸŮһ£Ŷȹ̵˼ޡ뵽ԺֻһСֱ£˴вܲУ߻ˣĸоԶϴԡҪãٿԶһֱ۵ĸܣǲ
ͣ˽Ųӿڴͳһ֧̳ϻڣʱŽƽ̫̼ˣָоκһܱġܿһ֧̳ԺѾ⣬һҲʲôһҪȥ˵Ħгĵƹ⣬ƹզ㲻ʶңҲʶ㣬ĵϴҵͷɡ
̵ٺݺݵһˤǰȥ׳־һȥⲻļơǰֱǰǼϴͷĿбӣ·ΧһжѾ޹ϵһ㡣һֱϴͷſڣûκɵôһ
й˿ţĴɫµŮæվƿţһŮҲ֮վһ˽ȥ漴ֱѸٵعˡվſڵȻŮ˵ʲôһṦһָվǸס׶ȹŮŮ΢΢һЦһתֱȥһ˲䣬ǰıǮȷʵΰһΣβ֫ҡģT̨мơŮȷʵѡŮ˵۹⣬û˵
Ժ°ȹŮЩʲôǲö֪Ҳ׷ԲȱеϦϻ治ò
Ůʧź󲻵ʮӵʱ䣬ͻȻ֮ʹ˽Ȼϴͷϵÿһڲʱ棬󺹴˽ȥ
ɫµŮ׼ȥǰǸһץסӥ׽Сһൽ˸ǰȵʵ㣬Ǿ죬ٶɱǲ
Ůһ⻰̱ˣĶа㷴ʶŮסԺѸȥ߿ŵһ˲䣬ʹһ죬ŴˡѸٴŮϹץӾͷ棬ŮҲͬĶչһս
Ǿ죬ʱ䣬㴩·ǳȥһȵ
һ⻰ʱŵ룬ˣôôù顣֪ʱǸ̾˵ʱ漴ͷԸٵת˼ŶԲߡ˵ǣ⻰ʱϿһҲߴ·Ѿ˶Բߡʱ¶ӵĻɾˣ׼ᱻȥĻɹԼúúһġľװǿӲһ㣬ǰסӦȷ¡
Ժʼĥߴ·װںضߵ˵ɳģΰӵģ
һڵĹǻ˶һۣи߸ʹ˸ɫľ⣬˵ɳģ˸
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컹汻ĻסˣԷһڱɳ֣⿴⸱еӣӦò˵ѡྯ쿴˸߸һۣʦͽϵʱͽȻʦġ߸˼ԺСȥͳǡˡСˣ֮оӦǴͷǿͰ͵س˵磬ڸղˬķϣҲ°ɣ
һ⻰ͷѣ룬ӣҪû£ôʲôأʱզǲݺݵصСһۣ
Ů˵ĻԺӲסûЦ߸ץסСۣǰһƳȥˡŮ˿ɥ׼ŻܣͬһԲľסܵͷ
Ů˳ȥԺ󣬸߸˵Ѿȥˣʲô˵ɣǻ¡
ڴֱӣЦ˵ҸղѾ˵ˣҺѣҿԿ϶ظǣҵְλҪߣֻǲ͸¶ǡһ⣬Ņ֣̀¸һλĶ£ɽˮ꣬պһ𡣡
⻰ˮƽ˵ӲʩһҲΪ͸¶ԼְλɳҪߣ˵ˣǾǰ±ȥˣҲδþͻôȻҪһŵԺһ
λһԺ󣬸߸˵ǿȻѣ绰ȥ˵׷ˣߡ
ؼһǲӲӥȫȻʶڵͷ֮ô˼˵潵ʱ򣬱ץס˵һҷˡȫҪǵͷĻǹƴΪӽˮˡ֮Ӧûæǲؼÿʲôæȫ֮䣬Ӧû㲻ѡ
һתԸ߸˵ѣǲǲ˵Ļɣ㿴һ£ǲֻ룿˵ߴֻ﷭ȫĵ绰롣
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һ׿ֻ֣һڣڽˡһǳһβ˵ΰӵĸӳȴֹΰĿǰûдӳе£˵㡣
ٳ˶֪ˣһΣ˽ܵĶһѣΪĲ׿绰ȥãҵֳ񸱾ֳ߷һȥ׿Ӳûˡֱܵκǳ׿Ҳûа취һ£׿˵һٳԺû顣룬سıӺֳܸһ˼Ҳˣ˭Ըȥȡ衣⸱ӳһֱ᲻ȥҲ˵˽йϵһںļƣء
ʱѾʶأЦ˵ԭӳǾֵһӣҴ绰˵ͳֻ׼šǸľǰһֻ׿˵Ҳ˭Ҳ֪绰˭ڲʱ򣬵绰ʱȻȥһΰӡ
һ⻰Դûˣ̵ֻվӣһ£߳Сİ䡣
С㱾еϣǻ°ȹǸղͷʮ㣬ýӦûʲô¡ԴʱŮ֪ˣһֻᴵţƤ˹ؼʱ̣Ͷס
׿СȥʱȥϴͷľҲ½ˡ⻹Ǻʮߡ˼Ҷ׽סУȺѺ˾


ڶٶʮ ȥ
жȷʵ׿ԣίǡֳץģûֳȴҪӵĳ񸱾ֳ߷棬ʱ㱨жĽչڸ߷վ·ֻͨ㱨ء
߷Ժȼϣ֮ûʲôĽڶ˽һϵģҲʶò׵ȸ߷˵绰̳к߾ֳã
߷˽ԼǴһѱ׽סο洫ģǰĿȥ
߷˹һ󼤶æҡҡ˵߾ֳʶҵģġ
߷ʱҲǲǰ˵֣Ҳеӡر֮ǰڵʱһԹη˺ĵίίԱʲôְһ벻˶ԷԺ󣬸߷ͣס˽ŲʱкԼǰ׳գҲóĿĺڡ
߷Ƴһվһߵ׿̴˰ѵͷɲΪһֻеͷ֮ˣһļһʱǸԼһ״Ǿͷˡ뵽Ժ󣬸߷´ͳΪԼһ֧ȻװµӣԼķȥ
״ˣæ߾ֳ߾ֳ
ʲôУ߾ֳеģϳղŵǸྯµ
߷Ѿϳˣǳˣ߸οһ˾ǼοͣղкǸͷľ죬ﻹһˣ˵Ҳܸմ⡣ڼ˼Ҹûߵһһûصиһţһ¡һģˤǸྯ󣬺ȵúߣʲôѽ
пԣҲö˵ʲôֻĬĬ˳һṦ򣬾ж˵ض飬ȻҪҫһ谵·ɣֻҲŵķۺ죬ǼҸղʽϴͷʱȴĲѣæűջҲҳͷ¶档
һҹҸģ򵥵سԺѾŵˡ˵ů˼⻰һûӵһӲŷһϴһԧԡ˵ʱԡѾ鶯ǴæزϴһȥңǶսݡҲ֪˶ã˲ŷ뿪һڴࡢãһζ
̳ˣһÿڿʣǴӴ׼ȥȲ衣һǣûüءյ͵ֻŷҲһ绰
һæȥʱ˭绰أ᲻ʲô顣뵽⣬һеţò̫ƽһӣֳʲô۶˰ɡһץ绰Ժ󣬿ʱʶĺ룬һһɣֻҪĵ绰ӦþͲ
һ½Ժֻֻﴫһİ
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ǣã˼ôˣϢǺعΰӵģҽ׿е㱨
һæ˵ԭӳãʲô飬˵һʵʶ׿֪֮飬ʱԺǺġֻ׵ǣԷΰӵĸӳôԼ㱨أѵ˳ʲô£뵽⣬һܿ϶жϣĻ˼ûɴ绰Լ
׿һĻԺ˵ǣģǸղר潵ĻУץסһˣԳĵίίԱ֯Ƴʵһ£ǲˣ
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ǣʱǲҪ˹ˡ׿˵Ҵ绰һʵһݣһ㣬ϷһʮԪĴۣ޷˵Դȥ쵼ǻ㱨ǣˣ⻹е飬ģټ
һҲæ˵һټ
˵绰ԺһɳϾ˼ŸոյõϢ绰Ժ󣬺һᶼûʲôŷٲˣʵһôˣʲô£
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Ŷûʲô¾˯ɣ
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һͷѸٵ潺⣬ʮǮôأǮ׼ء֮ǰͻƳɲһ𣬲ѡһ¥ѵ֮ʲôףǮǻƳɲŸġ
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绰ͨԺһ̰Ѹղ׿Ļתһ顣һ˵ԺԬ̩סˣĬ˺һҲûпڡһŵ绰˵ιιԬ򳤣˵𣿡
Ԭ̩ŷӦæ˵ǣҡʲôԸ˵
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һĻ˵úܶʵǰ涼ģؼ֮ں棬˼ȷˣӦȥ
Ԭ̩ܲ˼Ȼһ˼ҵĻѾغԼ߻ˣȻٺ޳ܵҪʲôˡ˫֮ƽʱˮݵļƣ˼ܴ绰֪ͨһ㲻ˡ


ڶٶʮ 绰
Ԭ̩Ժ󣬶һ˵ãǵİţȥ£ҪʲôѴٸ绰
һ󣬵˵һ䣬˵ɣټԺ漴˵绰ȥֻ߰ó˻ģʽԼоҹĵ绰Ӧû졣
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Ԭ̩ϳʱ۴ͻƳɲŵͨûнľѾˣҲûбҪٶ˵ʲôˣ۴ҴҵعҶ˻Ƴɲŵĵ绰
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Ԭ̩ãȻҡҡͷ˵ֻػˣ򵽼ȥ˵ûлؼҡ
Ԭ̩ĻԺ۴ֻ̱ԤеҲҪˣܹ黹ǲġţ·ʲôƳ
Ԭ̩״ԭˣܼóˮ૵˵ô죬ô죿⻰۴̡
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ֳĬһԺ۴˻ɣһͷĻţһ㣬ʻ˳ȥ
һʱڴϸ˯ţշת˺һԺȻ˯⣬Ǹɴùһŷٷڴͷ־
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ʮӣһ֪澿дʲôԷ־¡Ŀǰô˵϶ǷˣԬ̩۴졢»᲻ܵǣĿǰö֪һ˵Ƿǳġ
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۴һԺ˵߾ֳ㿴ܲǺһ棬ӾС
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Ԭ̩⻰һ㶣룬ѵתˣϣʵôˣǣǲûʲôˣ
һ룬㻹棬ô飬ôûأӣ˵̩򳤣Ҹոսӵίίίǳͨͬ־ĵ绰ʽתһѾִ˫档бҪٿһȫĸɲᣬԴΪһþӡ
һ˵ʲôԬ̩ûýȥһ˫桱Ѿ׵ػˡ֮ǰе㼬֣ܻһ˿ϣǳˣ֮ǰ뵽ģҪء
һ״̬ʲô飬Ҳ̸ˡ˵лԺ󣬾ȻȥˡһԬ̩ǲмղŵıĶһƼɲĳ


ڶٶʮ Ȼܾ
Ԭ̩ߺһͷڻԿ϶Ԭ̩۴졢˺֮䶼ĳֽܵϵ˫ԺԬ̩ʧ̬
Ԭ̩ǰ칫ҵԺ޻һ㣬ͷ˵һƬհסûнԼİ칫ңֱȥ۴İ칫ҡ۴Ϸ̻ҸѾ塢ͷˡ
͵ؼԬ̩ʧǵ߽۴ҲһæվŸϡڷ˼ϣԬ̩ʲô裬²ܴ绰ѽôֱӹˡղȥֻʱһ·ϣͿвٹԱľһֹʲôԺֹۣͣת뿪ˡ
۴Ժ첽ߵԬ̩ĸǰ˵̩ôˣʲôˣ۴Ѿʶ϶ǳʲôˣҪԬ̩һӡһʱ˻ͨ绰ʱԬ̩˵سӦȥˣⲻôһṦ򣬾ͱһˣ
Ԭ̩۴ʻûش𣬶һƨɳϣľľı顣
۴Ҳɳϣżʵ̩ôˣ㵹˵仰ѽ˸㼱
Ԭ̩ͳԹԵس۴ѽ޲ȥһѰ̸ץˣʱɲô´̼Ԭ̩ıֺܲ۴ҲڴԼҲͳϻ𣬳һ㣬һڣһڣ㵯һ̻ңҲһ̻ҡ
ȵһ֧̿ˣԬ̩ڻˣ̵̻Ҹ۴˵ֵܣ׶༪ˣղǱ߰ҽйȥʽ֪ͨ˵˫ˡ
˫棿۴⻰ԺʧԺʶס죬Ϣ̫ǿˣ۴ףղԬֵ̩ԭˡԺ˫Ļ˵ǳˣԲʲôϣˡ
˺һԺ۴̽ʣ̩ѽǲǼһǣϻڹΰӣһôͱί˫ˣЧǲҲ̫˵㣿
۴һ˵Ԭ̩ղȫһĻˣûʱȥġȷʵڹ֣ôͱίˣٶȷʵе㷴Ԭ̩һ˵죬Ҿ⻰թǣҺ˵Ҫٿȫĸɲᣬ¿Цɣ
۴⻰Ժüͷһ⻰ĿŶȣ˺һԺſ˵ȻϢʵԱȽϴ󣬵ǻǲţٴ⣬ǻҪĴ㣬ΪϢģǸô죿
Ԭ̩ȼһϣ۴仰һ˵ֳˣڻһ䣬Ѿˣô죿
̩밡϶ǽˣؼǡ۴ζ˵ֻҪͦסǾûʲô¡ֻҪû£Ϳ취Ҳ԰չ˺ü˰ɣ
Ԭ̩ʶص˵ͷ۴⻰˵ȷʵûһ£ʵ죬ڸôͷһŽ
۴룬ĶͷһŽֻгԺֵʱͷ΢ѵ㡣ʱļ飬۴Ԭ̩ǼΪ۵ġһ̰Ǯ̰ȨŮˣҪǶûʲôɫȫ廨ͷǸǸ͵ӣȥ£ûҲͰˣƳɲԺȻȥϴͷҼⲻǵ͵ڶʲôʱ򣬻ʱЩ߰顣
۴Ȼѣϻܱ¶ЦЦԬ̩˵̩ѽġõسȥһˣһ̽̽˫ϢһҲ㲻̳ܰõҲʲô
Ԭ̩۴ĻԺһҪ˵Ҫ۴졣Լ˫ԺѾˣ˼һ侲طѰҶԲߣص˵ͷ
۴˵ԺȥϷȥؼί߶߶ͼίǵĹϵܲ취ݸĵطһҪ뷽跨ĺȥϵǾϹӡһ㣬֪
ԺϷ˵ǻǮҲûϵֻҪܰɡԬ̩һ䡣ͷûвǮġ
۴˵ͷһ˵Ҿʹϣȫ߹ˣĻڱͷˡʲôǼʱ绰ϵǴڼ䲻һҪཻı
۴ΪȻϵĲ豭͹Ժ󣬾ƿųȥˡʱԬ̩Ѿȫû˸ղŵή֮ƣֻû˶־ذ칫ң˰Ժ󣬾ֱϳֱȥ
۴Ҳûе飬ֱӳȥ˷µİ칫ҡһӵĹ򣬷µĳҲʻίš
һʵһֱעߵĶ֮ǰ˸绰£עһ£˭ĳȥˣԬ̩ͷһ뿪Ѿ֪ˡ֮ǰԤϵĲ࣬Ԭ̩ȥ˽ˣǸһȥίˣ۴һڼء
˽ǿ϶ûʲôģһ˵˫飬һͻƸɾȥίǱ߸Сǲò˵üСѲԼҲӦжˡ
һһԺ󣬲˳ĵ绰ͨԺ󣬳Ǻܿ˵һҪ㱨һ¹ʾ˻ӭ
»ͲԺ󣬳е͸һ·ΪǼһ˵İɡ¿һʱ־绰ģǶ˵һ־Ƶĸ˲ᳪ̨ϷɡһĵЩڴ֪ԷԼ˵ʲô
Ԭ̩س칫Ժ󣬻ûڣ˽ܾһ֣̩ͨѽ˵㣬򾿾ô£ģ潱ץԺ󣬲ⲻϹصĹҪͨ죬˽һƼɲ𣿡
Ԭ̩˽ܵϷŭѣֻάάŵŵسǣվҲǣҲǣβѡ
˽һۣһĳ˵⵹ˣȻһʮԪĴ浥̩Ұ㵱Լˣ˵䲻˵Ļûжӣȥ£ȻôĴ浥
Ԭ̩Ϻһһģ˵سҲǺǴۺ񡭡Ҳ
̩ѽҲҪҲˣԺᶼҪˡҪ˵㷸飬Ҳְġ˽˵Ѿ˫ˣأǿɶҪʡѽ
Ԭ̩˽ܵ⻰Ժֻú쬵ģһĻŽɣ˽һ˵Ҳûа㻳ɡѰ˽ܵİģ˭֪ȴһȻҲ˽ܳˣֻûسس칫ҡ
ίĴԺԬֻ̩е۵ĸоԬ̩ͷ쵽´һ֧̣ϵϻһڣȻ󻺻³棬ʱһˬ֮Ƣѽʱ֣Ԭ̩ԺﾹĪðһ仰ҡҡͷԼĳȥ
һǵһνİ칫ң֮˵δйӡǶˣһֱһûʲô̫õӡ󣬲ʱ־죬˫ֲ֮޹ڣԼ潻ǷǳǢġ
һһԺ󣬳˶Է˼Ȳ˵ģҲʯͷģֻϣίʵǵضԴ⣬һпϵۡ
ΪһҪӦò֡Ҳܸɴ࣬˰Ѽίǡ־ֳɽ˹ҪɺԸ𣬲һ˽ʱ㱨


ڶٶʮ ֱӴ
һ״æվɴ˸кɼ״Ҳæӭ֡һоˣӺɵϴݹĶԷֱǱʾл
ڼίҴ͵һ̧ͷһӳİ칫߳ʱҪ˱ѾˣֻӲͷƤȥһǺãǻ
ɵûж˵ʲôʵղͿˣҲԷΪ˵֮ǰʶǣ飬ɲӡٳ˵ί飬ֵܣܾͬ·ˣʵǼίĹġ˷µ˵ͷǹȥˡ
һɲô죬Ͼˣؼίϴµģô£˵ԼǺûаܲ˵ѣԾ͹ǹʱѽһɫһ̣ʵǣôˣỹ£
ǣҡҡҹе顣ôҲ벻һ˵棬ȻֱӴһӻ治֪ôش
һľ룬Ȼˣɴʹˣĵġ˵˵ΪܻĿ
һϸˣŷ˵Ϳȥ죬ȥ׼ᣬ۵顣
˵꣬ȷ»شֱӳźһƣȻĺ˹ȥ
µʱ˵ֻϻģôҲ벻һ˵Ĳӣشһ˿ڣ֪ԼͲˣûаʲô飬һݺݵһ뵽Ժﲻ۴ЩԹޡ
һصʱѾٽ緹ʱˣԬ̩ĳȻѾͣˡһЦ룬ûϷҪôͻѽôҲ˽ܳԶٷѽ
һս칫ңͼˣװĵ˵һ䣬Сʱ֮ǰȥ¥µʱ򣬼سشӳ˵úءһЦЦûж˵ʲôͷֱߵĹ
ԵȻһˣߵؼίͼҵĸӡ糿ͺͶԷԼˣΪ˲ע⣬һĺ棬Ҳֱ°ʱ򣬲ֹ֮ǰǺԬ̩۴˺һ󣬲ö̸ĲԵġ
ºӡ֮䱾ټηİͽᣬԺ˲ٵľơϵƿźӾƵľƿѾտҲºӡ࣬˵ͷе㲻ˡ
¿ˣӡ˵ֵܣ˵ϸôϴȥʱ򡣡
Ǻǣϸ磬˵⻰ͼˣֵ֮䣬û˵ġӡ˵ϣ治Ӯ˶٣ڶǵˣӮһˡ磬ֵɱӡҲһϼ޻֮ͽֲᣬñ˼Ǳ˳
˵ֵܣϸˣԲòֵܰæˡ
ӡһ⻰˵磬¾ҵ£ֱ˵ֻҪܼģһ㶨
һ⻰װ˷쳣ӣæӿ˵¶ֵܶԣǾ֮ͣɵϸ⣬ɾͱȵ컹ˡ
ӡ˷µĻǸ˵òУæ˵˵˵
¾ͰһҪ˳ӡ⻰Ժ󣬾˴롣°ǰίǡ־ֳټǼͼҵ˿˸ᣬǱ뾡ӣǵҪء
ʱ¾ȻΥ涨˽º档ӡ뿪ھܾ˵̣˵˵ղŴҲ˵ȥˣҪȥĻҲ˿
ڽ֮ʣӡ͵һ⣬Ʊ˷һڣȻ˵´磬Ҳ֪µķ˽Ǽ棬Υ涨飬ǾԲУɲֵΪѡ˵ɣҪиʲôԵġȵģֵܻܰǸ˵ģʲôģŶԣ
¿ʼ˶ԷĻԺ󣬺ʧԺ󣬶ʱ˾æƱֺúõؾӡ
˳ʱ򣬶ббģ´һӡͻ˼ҡæϳ͵һţķ򼲳۶ȥ߿߰ߵ۴һ㱨۴ԺҲܿģֱӵ¥Ԭ̩ǵء
¹ҵ绰ԺϲЦ⣬ƽʱСǮؼʱ̣óġղѾӡԼˣһ磬¾ͰѶֱ͵ӡңȻ취ͽȥ
·۵糸ϵʱһѾڴϿ¥ΡˣܾеģôҲȥ
Ҫ˵Ӧûͦ۵ģ˯ó٣֮ǰŷٴսһڴϾȻ˯ȫޡһԼе㵣ģɾ嵣ʲôһӻ˵ҪܻΪԬ̩²ͣܡ£һ£ȻˣҲϣٷĻԺȺ򣬻֪ɪʲôء
ڳƲסĵ˷ܣС棬ĩǸȻСְλͣȴϰӪԵλԶڷ֮ϡοɲһˣԬ̩۴춼޲ˣһ֣Ȼ¸㶨ˣ˵ô᲻ء
¥ʱ򣬹ȻԬ̩۴ɫڰ棬̡һ½ˣվкԬ̩ĵظ̵𡣷̹Ȼ֮Ӧ˵ѵüĻᣬôŹء
˵ѾӡԼˣһͰѶ͹ȥԬ̩۴ҲĲѡԴԺõһϢˡ۴æͳֻŴ˸绰׼ӸĶ糿ϰǰ͵¼
۴˵绰Ժ󣬷¿˵죬ôϱŰѶ͹ĻѽҺԼãһϰǰ͹ȥˣֱ͵ίȥѽ
۴챻һʣͲһ룬Ҹղźͨʱ㲻˵ȴװʮѵü飬Ժ󣬱ûţͿɪˡ۴Ȼǲ˵Ͼ˵ĻֻͳֻŴ˹ȥ׼͵¥ģһ벻ԣĻĿ̫ˣֱӸѶ׼þˣһСʱԺ˹ȥȡ
ҵ绰Ժ۴漴¥ϰҲ˫˽˫սʱ򻹺ܿģΪҲǵˣһһСʱȥȡС˵ôڣһȥѽ
һĶֵϣ˭Ҷ۴Ůˣ¸ѽֻܷĵȥ۴˵ȥһûζ
˫һ۴˵ԼŮˣ￪ĲѣƨƨߵæݲȥˡűʵԺ۴̾һ䣺ҪǶŮöԸͺˡ
Ԭ̩ΪȻصͷ鶯£˵Ҳô˵ɾŮϡ
ͷ۴߷ߵ
˵ЩʲôãʲôԬ̩˵һ䣬˿ȻǱԹʱ򣬶Ӧ취⡣
Ԭ̩Ļ˶ڿڣһֱŵĵЦݶȥˡί˫棬ʵһʯͷһ㣬ѹ˴ڱ˵Ӫͨ磬Ŷء
ʵټ򵥲ˣ޷ǾҪס취ʵڲеĻٻ㣬չ˺ļˡ۴дԺ󣬷»һ䣬㶫ѡ


ڶٶʮ ͬҲٸ
Ԭ̩佱˷䣬⻰ȷʵܹؼϵ˸֪ľܲȡӦĴʩ
һСʱʱת۾͵ˣ۴ȥһ£˫Ѿȥңŷ
ڻذ·ϣ۴͵뵽һ⣬ȥԺԬ̩ͷ˵뵽һð취˽ܿԳְǡ
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۴һ̸֧Ժ˵Ǻ˽֮˵˳ԭҪΪһм价ڡ
ĻԺԬȻضһۣ֪۴쾿Ҫ˵ʲô
۴һ˵ҵ˼˽һֱнܵϵ֮Զ˵ԭǰϵʧˡ
˵죬۵Ƕ֪һξƶԺȷ˵ͨ͸˽ܶٶǮԬ̩˽Ϊ˵죬⻰˵úܶԣ˼һڸ֪ĶҲŵ˵ͷ
۴漴˵ǲ֪Ķѵû֪ҿǼظȥҹ÷üΡ˵ֵ㣬Ů·ƨ
۴ĻԺԬ̩ͷ¾þûпڣ۴˼ײ˽ʩѹҪĻ˻е²ȥܹ֡нٻ󣬿ô˵Ӧöеϵѳˮ֮ʣȥͷе㲻̫ʡ
۴ϵı飬г˲мɨһۣ˵ڶʲôʱǻΪ룬ѵҪҲһȥ˲Űġʱ򣬿ͨ籨ŵ˶Ҳ˰˵¶ûʲô̫Ӱ죬Ҫһ˽ܡΪ첻ˣմس͸ˣ̩ûİۡ
⻰ȻԬ̩˼һһεشȻһֱ޶ԣΪ֮ĺҲ̫˰ɡ
Ԭ̩Ȼмƣ쿪ָڲ輸һģֻһ豭ڲ輸˼ˮ˳⻰˵Ҳûȥ϶ҪңӡԬ̩Ļ˵һ룬ͣסˡ
۴̧ͷɨԬ̩һۣһֱΪ͵һ˼һԬ̩еϵΪʱԺֳġԬ̩Ը˵⣬۴ȻҲѯʣǺмֵˡ
һṦ˫ͻˣһɫаĹҵġԬ̩ŰһһЩϴ⣬Ȼлһиߵ衣Ԭ̩̺ͲҶóһӣŮһɵƣⶼʲôʱˣЩš
۴ѸղдõֽһڿܱӣԲġһԺԬ̩Ѱ˷µߣ˵ϷһˣҪǰˣ׹һ
Ц˵̩⻰ɾˣ°ϣԲκ⡣
Ԭ̩üͷһ壬룬ôһУе㹦ˣβ;̵ø߸ߵģֱӳƺֵĴ࣬ԴθԺ󣬺ûгֹ̩֣ôȻƺ졣
ҹԬ̩۴춼ģ˷Եõӣ˶һֻӬһ㣬飬һ⣬ҲٺƽʲôֻҪ˳ɾС
ʱ䣬һĹص㣬ѾʳֵĴת˻ľֲˣΪһʱʳֵԺԷˡСϺѾһ֪ȣÿͣʳֵĦгϣܿߣȻĳݵģԼܱ̩ԴغͳеĳҲ١ھĹѾȥˣȻκǿʣʲô飬ҲϺϼһ
κǿΪףϲͺϼѻγɣʱ䣬Ԭ̩æ飬飬˵áǸҶвʣҲ޿κΣûйᣬǸ˵עʱֻܳ䵱һĵĿ͡
һκǿ׼еĻľֲעһ˾ͳһۡγɺоһڲЩľֲ֮ѹΪҪֶεĶԾһһֱ飬ʱƣڽ죬Ҳ˿ʵʩ뷨ʱˡ
עһҹ˾˭ͷеĻľֲ䶼һعģҪҳһֲܴ治һ׵顣ϴһκǿûϵһ£ǼһԺֱҡͷһ˵ԼСֽ׶һκǿԽģòһӻҲʲôõİ취ֻˡ
ͨؼίͼҵĸӡֽԺ󣬴ҶԷġǱߴϢ˵ıҲǰ࣬ڻһ̬ȥӦԼίԱ̸ˡ
Ԭ̩ȥƣӦ˵Է̬ȻǺܿģϾϿԬ̩ع˾СʼʱƻԬ̩װһ󣬲Ԭ̩Ժƾ֤뷽跨ȥʹϵһ¡
Ԭ̩󣬺һڲԺ΢Ц˵ϰ壬һ˲˵һڵʱ򣬶ǺչˣԺ֮ദҲǢҲϣΪС£ƻ˫ꡣ
ǵģǵģæͷ˵Ҹϴδ绰˵ԬľˣȫҶǳл㡣
⻰ȥǸлԬ̩ʵҲһְʾҲϱǣҸ뿪ʱ򣬿ͨ籨ŵġҪҸˣҲܲˡ
Ԭ̩Ķе˼ЦԺ˵ϰ˵ûǺӦһپ١һĹϵˣǳ¶ԣֻһ׾ٵ飬һ绰ܸ㶨
Ԭ̩ͣһڲԺ󣬼˵ֵ˵ԼҲȥҹس˼ҲⲻǣҸһٳ˵ˣǵķԲ鷳ϰˡҲָܱƳƽ£СҲ첻ֻϣӰˣţ˭á
ƼԷѻ˵ˣҲò̬Ƶһ֧̹ȥԬ̩ϻԺ˵ԬģһתҸ磬ҲԿ϶æϾǶĽˣ˭Ҳϣ˭ݽȥ˵ʵǱ߻᲻ӣ˭Ҳ˵ãҲ֪ǻĹоŻڣҸ״̬˼Ҹӣ滹˵
Ԭ̩룬ƭɣ˽ܱ˵ӿԲӾԲҲյĶ̨;ԵȲ糿
Ԭ̩һ̣Ȼ̵һ̻Ҹۿ˵ϰ壬˵ҾûκˣҲ˵һ䣬ֻҪ緢ˣе˾;ԲҲӡҶ磬Ļеġ
ȻԬ̩е˼ö˵ʲôֻεЦЦԬ̩Ƶİ칫ңԺ󣬱߱룬ǰڣǶ㣬ֵʲôǣˣۣ㻹۵㡣
Ԭ̩Ժﻹûף²ģæӰ칫С棬óһֻһ룬Ȼ󲦴˳ȥ
ʱƣĴСԱˣٱġԬ̩۴졢˵»ָյƽóԳԣúȺȣϴ軹ϴԺԬ̩ѧˡҪϴһںڣݵģֶһȶ롣


ڶٶʮ 񿭷
ʱԬ̩ȷʵܲˬʱԼǲ򳤣ҪǲǵģһֽһҲ٣ҪǵĻô˵ȥûأ
ϴεһȥ飬Ȼ˵κ򳤰ȥأûʱ䡣⻰ԺԬ̩ûһȥҪ뵱µʽӲסû˵ȴ˶ģȹʱ䣬ҪޣͲԬ
ԺһϢںϿٴݵĵ̨綼شؽеĽڳˣۣ˳أΪСȻǻǣ˻ЩˣСԱļûκα仯ǡСȡءôҪࡣ
һµ׵ʱ򣬾Ѿ־֪Ϣʱ־Ȼ˵÷Ƶģһشü䷢Щ֮顣һν֮ǵһδϰ϶Ϥĵò˵һشĽ
ϢԺ󣬺أٿ¡صףᡣԺ󣬰Ŵҵ۲͡־ʵԣȳؽгɹ֮ʱҺȾƣʱһݡ첻־ˣίԱͷѵģֻФƷһˡװһԼίֵľֳǣû̫ĽԺȵԽһ㣬Ψһһڸɵһһġ
Դһ־ƵԺ;СӲ򵥣ԲһФ׽׽ڹٳ˼ʮ꣬Լ۹ԲģСӲ־ƵĹϵܣҾ˵͸߲㻹ĳЩϵҪڣФƷΪ͵һ㡣
һûкȶپƣΪϣ䲻ǣҲʵʵؾ˺üǵʲôʱ־ɹģ־ҲһȫˡɿΧǡһȣҪ֪ղȥƵʱίǽʪֹǻȻӣ˱˵
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һһ֪񿭷һлԼ˵æ˵˲پƣĶ£׼ҸطȲ裬ϵȤ𣿡
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һȣڳϵʱ򣬲񿭷ɾʹ˸绰ίЧӦʱͳֳˣȵϰվſӭӡһܶΣ治ʶϰ˭һȻǸֵĺӡ˲д۾֮Уһȥ˴֮ˣôῪһҿȥǳŵĳЩȥ룬ȴƫƫ͹۴š
˽˰Ժ󣬲񿭷Ϊһ˽ܣϰȻʶ˵ǰ˾־ǰ飬ĵίһʱϰϾԳЩ֮顣סһ֣һҡ֮˵һᡢһᣡ
һŪöе㲻ӦȽϿţҲȻˡϰȥԺ󣬲һṦԱ裬һһĵʳƷԱΪòԺ󣬾ȥ
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һĻ˵úתŲ񿭷ܹöʳ˵ѾʶˣԲֵһõ顣
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һԷ˳ģҲȴֻõһлԺȵϰһֱϳǵĳ뿪תߡ
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һӳʱ򣬸СĽǽû·Ƶĵطߣٶȷǳ죬ֱһ㡭
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ЩϢԽԽԺһڰ಻סһȥ־Ƶļҡȴ绰ϵ־Ʋڼңһ벻÷֥ȻҲڡ׼־ƳȥԣڿûҪˡ
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ٺ٣ûУФ˼˵쵼㱨ôأԵöûʡ
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Фһ˵ҵ˼ǽƴң֮ôϵֻҪ棬Ǿץס졣ĿǰǼĿԻǺܴġ


ڶʮһ ֵܽ
ѽƴһжӣˣ̨Ǹлĵûʲôһʵ
һ̴ϵˣ˵Ǳߺûʲôƻղ˵ǻԻƴжӡФش
ǾͺðˣǰѻƴҶˣһжʱ֪ͨҡһ˵Ҫ߶ϵĻǷģñ濪չ
ФһĻԺʶص˵ͷоһ仰һЩλߵƣֻͬаɡָоھ˾ײƵϾоһ⻹ǵһΡԽԽϿɾ˾˵Ĺ۵㣬һĽǲģһҪǿϵԼһ档ʵϾǼǿϵˣ˵ӵĿǰΪֹûʲôʵԵĽչĸԭ򣬾Ǻһһ¸顣
Ժ˵һЩл֪Фˣһĵ˵ʽԷʾһףءɳҲһˣúøɣȡɼȻ㵽ȥŶԣ㵽ȥǺǣ˵˳ˣһӻò
Фץץͷ˼˵Ҳ㣬ҿûô־ʱܸҾͺˡ
ɲô˵ѽһζ˵ãȴҾ֮ѽһ⻰Եظ̾Դӱ־ƵԺԽԽϰĻе
ȻһЩ⣬˵ǳɹġ䣬ȥʳһ߾֪ˣյ֮ǰԲͬնڳﱸеĻľ˾飬ľֲҲǷǳֵ֧ģһЩ󻧣ԴٴǳڴǱܶԾ֮࣬ɲһˡ;㣬עҪΪ̨δѻǺбҪģ־ƵĻҲóҲ뿪ӲʮңԶˡ
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һļԺʱѾˣһ׼ȥʳóԷֻͻȻóһĵ绰
㲻˵ôҴ绰ˣһʵ
ЦԺ˵ԽԽѽҿͻˣϸϡһԷ
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¥ɣǵСϺԽԽˮƽˣϹζǲǻʵ̫
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ŮĺܻԼǺɫģ˵Ǻڰ׷һҲΪټɫװջԵֵһȥŷĻᣬƨǰŲŲӣֻпԻһĳЩλѹһ߶ôƽʱһ㣬ôˡ
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һ̵ʱõ֮ǰ¡εĶȽСһûпղŵķ羰ﾹмʧ֮С
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ȷԱųȥԺһעе˲豭ϣʱСԱ쳣ֵԭ͸͸ĲҶһѿ֣һƽʱڰ칫ҺȵĲ費¡ôĲҶҪ˵¥ȲȥҲδؾСղ޺СԱĻѵԼһò衣һ͵͵ɨһۣԼæջ۹⣬˲豭ϡ
΢΢һЦŸղŵĻ˵ǣһ£ǲи˵ĸǣ
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ϵƿƷϣһЦ˵ϰʲô飬ǲ
ȥģ˵˼ҿз֮һæ˵һһĳʦҰŴһ¡һſںղĻѣò취ԲϣҪȻǲĵġ
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һͳԺ˿ӣƱһһڣ˵ǰʱ䲻Ǹңڸ㻨ľũҪһ̻ҰƼ㣬һھͬˡôǲǸллң
һһæ˵ȷʵҪл㣬ͲƸҷôܲлءɣΪʾҵĳģˣ
һ⻰æ˵ǻ˰ɣղǻû˵ƿǸմҰģɷвͷˣܾ̣ˡ
һҲڣֻǳЦЦʵ°ѱоƸˡⱭӺܴң˺˻һһƵǺԲһڡһľ֪ģ˺⣬ٿԺһ룬һȾ磬̱˿ȥԼ̶֮֮ǲɵ
һһЩϸڣκֻ˵ܹ˾˹ʱһ̸һ⻰ԺҲûٶʲôԻľһϲͨҲʲʲôá
̸Ժעֻصղŵ͵طһĲҶĲһԶԶֹһΣ£һϰ֮便ʲôϵһʵÿЦãһؽͣκ
һһ˵ˣеº
һ⻰Ц˾ʵʲô£¾˵ѽôһʲôÿڵġΪһԵʲôģίϲôɣԶ̼֮߳˵ҲǼֲˡ
һһ˵Ӧ֪ĻľʡеڹģСֲҲȽϷɢβʲôģ֮ͬ仹ѹͼ۸ڮٶֵȶԾоڿǰеĻľֲһҹ˾гϲһľľ֪ȡ
뷨ܲһĻȷʵԴС档һѽ˾ȥѽʲôģ˵һ˵ĽǶ˵ȷʵûʲôģֻҪУĶǸơ
һĻԺεؿЦ˵ûһԸվͷҵ룬Ҳ֪ݱϾ㡣ĸҲˣȥЩҲʵ
ʶص˵ͷһ˵ȷʵʵڡĿǰȻûл˵ǰڻҪһͶģƸӪԱȷ䳵֮ڵģлһطաЩľֲǶСС֣༸ʮĶ˵Ǵ⡣һͷȥеôķգƻҲˡ
һ˵ɣȥ˾ټǿһ£ٰгһܸܲ㡣һԺ󣬸𸴣㿴ôճڣֲҪ˽˵飬ھͿİ壬Ǽ飬ҾҪⱾˡһԷģ㲻ܸĻǵĻľҰˡ
һһ⻰æ˵ҰǵĻľ㲻ҪģǶ㹩һͬѧ·ղŵǸ뷨ûʲô˽ģҪǾ˾ǰӦòҲ֪ҶԻľУٻ֪һġ
һ⻰м֮⣬ٵģ٣һЩһ쵼쵼ڰϰյϵˣ治ȻһҲҪĿǺϣɷϵ˵ʵΪЩľֲıȡ档
̸ֿʼԺһƿԺҪٿڶƿһֹˡ绹Ҫϰ࣬ȵģô¡ÿˣҲһˣ᲻һƿƣؼҪٺȥĻҪ绰˾ˡ
;ʱ޽һˣǵСϺǲǹһﶼв٣ȻһЦųȥˡȥԺЦضһ˵Ƕһе˼㿴ղŽֻ㿴ұֱˡ
ȥģǶСϺǲǹҪǲĻ׼һһۣû˵
ô֪ģģǵ͵ҲҪ֣㻵Ц˵Ϭһͨ
һһ⻰۵һûϺЦȥԺЦ˵ǹ²ôõĴ̣ˡ


ڶʮ 
㲻Ҫϣҿۿģֲ㾭ԣǺϰһȣǺǣһģͷȥ˵ϰĻû˵ǰɣ
ֱåһһһﳹˣѹ˼Ҷ˵˲ƽʱǱȽϿ׵һˣ벻һȣԱ֡
Ժ󣬲ߺȾƱ߿һЦ˺ð˵һ仰һıˣŭ˵飬û£˵ȷ¡
һʵ磬ЩڣղŻѵڶƿֱӰſˣʡں
˴¥ʱһֱϳֶ޼䣬ȴûմκαˣӲض˻һʱŷ޵һ棬㲻׵ǣŮΪʲôԼǰԵôأ
˶˲پƣһųԡϴһ衣֪ʲôʱʼҲˣһңϴĽǶ˵ĻȷʵࡣҪǷŵǰĻʱԡһ㶼ûпأ춼Ӫҵ
ϴ裬ϢһԺһ׼ʱȥϰ࣬Ǻ˯ϴԺ󣬾Ͱֻˣ׼һ˯Ȼѡ
Ժ糿绰һ˵ľ˾飬ǹ˾ˣƻ׼ʢһûʲôҲûʲôԵ֡˾Ӧپ̸׼ĹģȥҪһ¡һȻ˼ƱʱڼϴľѾﵽ˰Ȼĳ̶ȡһʵʵڵĳɼôܲȥϰֻ㱨أб֮С
ӦԺһһ棬һºϰĽıԺ󣬾ӦһĿܹ˾ʣͶ׼ҡݺȷ׷Ӷʽ
һܿģתһ룬Ļľֲǵα֤أʢľ˾Ժ󣬱Ȼ¢ĻľгĻľֲǵ棬޷õ֤һĳ㣡
һ£˵֧ҸжҲ֪ĿģԲΪԼʵʵڵΪľֲǴʵݣĹ˾ô㣬ҲܣһҪռһĹɷݣĻ벻˵ûж壬ɲ
һĻԺǺ⡣ǣĹ˾ĻľĻ˳˿Դл⣬ܰһ̵Ӧ˵ȫ
һ֮ɫղŵǷԲӣʹòشǰλԴ﾿ʲô˵ԱӣӦú˶׷죬һȻŵ˵еѰζˡѵֽ˵һĹͣΪ˰յ治ϴ˵档뵽ԺһľҲδ̫һɣﰵ뵽
ı֣һһһ֪ԼǸҪҲԷһ⣬һֵġҲûôߣֻںͻľֲǴ򽻵Ļ϶࣬ټԼ飬еĸʿ࣬ǳԽᣬһҪܵĶȡһЩ档
һ˵ֵܣҲûʲôҴŵģұ뷨˺ϻ˵ø׼ȷһ㣬ҺͲ˺ϻеֲĻôʧĲңҲǲٿһ¡Ŭ⻰γҲ̽һ˼
ûʲôÿǵģһǼָղŵ뷨еֲһŵ˵ȻҲԿǶٹɷݣκǿ˫ټһ𣬴ֻҪãӦûʲô⡣
ص˵ͷͨ¼һֶһʶһЩ׽͸ĶܸɣЩʱЩִ壬ЩȻе룬ȴǷǳ͵ģ׵Ļ˵Ϊپ̣Ϊȡ
Ժһ׵طģʱ䣬Ϊ¿ûٲģǳ䶨ˡ
ʮһٽˣڷżǰһ磬Фһ㱨÷ʱȥ˾һȥеĳƱյϣûκݡѻͬѧУȥǵĿľʲôأ˲ɵ뵽졣ФԺæһ㱨ǲҪȡʲôʩ
һҲ˲ѣԴôʱˣ㿴һ㶯ˣФĻԺһʡ֮ǰյӦڳһôһȥˡǾٶ๫ľ룬ڻʡˣǵʳϰߺ߲ܴ󣬰˵ӦòȥǶ
һ˵˳ФҲͬΪϴڳ¶Ժߵ˹ȥľԻطˣҲǼпܵġ
һɵõ˵ͷФӦûеġҲɵӣһطţǲǵ׽һȥ˴粽ظŻ÷꣬Ͳʲôˡ
Ф֮ǰһ䣬һҪעⱣܡӦúϵֻҪһй¶ϢĻһͻˣ´ץĻɾˡФ˵ͷ֮ʣ˵ֽһֵܼһݳŵɡ
°ԺһݳȥӦ죬һ֮ǰ֣ԼˣһҲԶԷ˼֪в˶Ǻܹĵģ뿪ˣԸԷһӦøڶץ
ҹǱȽϵ磬һӦʱѾһƬˣ֣ӦѧԱߵ⻹һһζһ˿ôԶĳһ·ϲû·ôš
˼Ժúܿģкóʱûмˣ֣Ȼģֻ˼һֳһѳ˸ͣͣȻһ֣񡣸ջῪʱ򣬼г˷ܵòУῪԺ󣬾;ÿҲһͦ˵ĻˣһһοôԶڿȥ
һʱᣬϣһ˵쳣ģǾ졣˵뿪򽫽ˣǱߵ˵ָơԴ˫ԺͷеǸҾͱˣ䵱Ԭ̩ȥ˶ܣԼϵ˽ܳƽ¡;е㲻ˣԬ̩˽ģ˵Ϊ˴Ҫ򲻵ѣǲôģϾǼ˶֮
е֪ԼѾȥôʱˣǱǲѾɾˣǸ־ƣ˵ҪȥˡʱעԼһ©֮ǣ㹹˼һԺܺͻ÷ȡϵȥ˽ܿˣгڴ
Ư費˹ģԵģȵĻãŮͲýˣ˵ֳǣǺ¡ϴһһȻǸģûζϵǧǮϴһգǱñӣΪ˼˾Ȼлĺͻ÷ꡣ
÷ʱ棬۾ŵӣ˼ȴ֪ѾƮĶȥˣڿԼǸˣǸȡԼҹԼģȴֺԼȥˡԴӽݹԺ֪ԼⱲˣŮӵԼһˡ


ڶʮ ȥ
Ϊһũòײ߳Ů÷ֵõģвƣͻȻˣԼ˵δزһϢٿĿˣȻʵǲпģظεĵŰݷã׵ش֮ǰ뷨ֻû£ˣǶ˵Ҳһˡ
ǰͨظ֪ȥϢԺĺܿġ˵Ǳģʱ䳤ˣҲôһ飬ټôʱûˣҲȷʵеһϰʱ䣬ĵﵽ;վһȥǵĳƱ˵ظõģ˭֪ϣԷͻȻ˸绰˵е飬ԼȥƱ
ڴϵĻ÷ƳһϵĳƱǸĹҵĺɫ׼һЩˮгԵĶǣҪüСʱĳء쾿ǲ˳죬ﻹûסǵһʱ򣬶Էʹһĵ绰˵飬ȡˣʧѡϣαϴһ÷ĬĬ
һ֣óԺһȥֱ⣬һǵһνӴǽһ˱Ժ֣ʻŻɫλӱߵγǹŽ֡
΢ҹУγǹŽϵ˿գСԡСǣ֮þͷǳ˷ܣ֣һС̯һǸСˣִ˲ƣһĵظ󣬿úܿ뵽֮УԵοĿһֱһʹСƨ棬Ȼ֮ŷ֣ĳˣҲԼʱ֣ΪһСࡢá
һһӣɵҡͷ֣͵һͷһı֣ʱߵͨ죬ٺ硣ּۻ֮ʣͷѸһСͷ漴ĸ׶ĻѾǸˣżҲҺˣСǵķɵɵģʲôӡ
һûע֣ı֣һ߲˵ǰһץס֣Цʣôˣղ㲻ǴƵλ𣿡
ҲŲҪأһСƨ֪ʲôѽ֣һͷС˵˵һۣСѾͷ˲󣬿˵СƨˣҪǱһֻˡ
һЦЦʳָ֣СϹһ£ȻͷĶ˵ɩӣСһʶ
֣࣬ȴĲѣص˵ͷ漴һ촽ԳԵЦ
Ƿ˵ʲôأôЦò֪ʲôʱѾЦ֣ʵ
֣סЦݣ֣һ˵˭˵㻵ˣ̸Ǵ˵飬һҴʲôѽ
ԣǹңǲӦôûЦǵ֣Ķ˵Ѿǹˣô֪ʲôʱѽ˵꣬ǰɱȥ
֣ʼûӦһ뻹֪СӾȻԼģĶĵǿ첽׷ȥɩֳһţһǿЦãֻһĬĬس̡
ֳһЩ⴮Ժ󣬲ŻȥϹȰ͵ӦѧȻһȥݣһҹ֣ȴûлص̨ᡣһȻʵ˵һĿ꣬ռĿ껹δʵ֣֣ʼϷһߣĳȻŴγ棬ܶ飬Ǻһְ֣Ū˳ûȡʤҲشͻƣһҹͬģǿҪΪʵֵ顣
һںȻεʱ򣬻÷Ѿ̤˿ǵİ೵ȻһˣФһŮ컯װһ£͸ĺ档ФĻ÷һīţǸŮΪҲһī˸˵ĸоȷһεС¡
ФĵȫǶģ÷ʱ˼ȫֻϣΪϵʱ˵ʱϵ
Ф÷겢ûзҲͷٻͱԹò׷ŸٻҪȥ참治֪ɵʲôФֻøȥץ졣ٻһ⻰Ҳ˾񣬵ʱͻȻʧԺίظ߿Ǵ÷ġ֮˳ӣ˽ܲ޹ϵ˭֪˵Ĺϵǳܣû׽һҲֻһֲ²⡣
ڶȻФ˵Ҫȥץ죬ٻɲһĸȤæФô¡˵бܼɣŷʣҲܲشФͰյһһ˵˳ٻ˵ʱȻźԼᣬҲһ꣬˵̿ɻɻ⻰Ͽһû
Ф˿ߵŮڻ˯ĵذֻ˳˿ϳǰΪ˷ֹ绰Ȼ¶٣˶ֻرˡФֻõ״̬˸Ÿٻöûлţһʱ䣬˯СФЦҡҡͷֻŽ´棬⿴ȥ
ͳʻ幫·ϣһ޼ʵĵĵͷ·ձһۡͷũæոƶ峿ǲǴȻˣգبŲ䣬Ȼͣȴ̤ʵ
Фũ塢ũû̫ĸ֪еһЩ뷨һĶĿȾѧʱȥҼΣһũæʱڣһæú䤱Ҳ˼ԹۡԺ󣬲ʮӵĹɫͨˣ״æ˻ؼˣ֪ФСӿǵ˼ҵģҪǰ˼ˣ˵ȥ
أФֻؿڲһ𶯣ӻо˹æóֻһһĵ绰æ÷ķɨһۣͷ֪ڸأ˽
绰ͨԺûһڣ˵ֵѽȥǵĳأµĻȥ˵
һһ˼˵һעⰲȫ漴͹Ҷ˵绰ФŶߴæ΢ЦߣҶ˵ʹ˴򽻵ʡģ⻰һû
Ҷϵ绰ԺФעּеһϡӦϤˣίʱؼӲϰ֣ŰȹǸѹء벻̶겻ʱ䣬ԷѾһ۵СԱ쵽ĵίǵλϣ˸̾ѡ
ФȻ־ƵӰãΪؼĻŬץ飬˵ӦȫûнӴ򣬵ǾνԺҲһЩŵЩʱЩ飬һļء
ϰ˵ûԺһҪĽŲþ˾˵Ļ˵һԲֹںУӦûϸΪ̨ʡпܡǷһ־֮ӦúһЩԨԴھʲôʱ־Ƶı˵ӦһжпܡФʱһ˰ԷЦһֱûаһŮ֣ı߸׺;˾ˣһ˽˼ҸԼǳΣԼӦδ¸ˣʹǸ׺;˾ҲС
ФţҲˣǰͷαϣ۾Ҳ֪˶ãߴһŮФФФ͵һ۾ϵŮȥŮǰ÷λŲŲ졣Фæȥֻ÷׼³Фʶ׼վӡŮչ˵ȥ
һ̧һŷִͳͣһվ棬ٳ˿Ͷ³ȥˡФŷӦŮʹһɫŮվڻ÷˳ֱķȥФҲ³ȥһ˲˳ϴ˰˯ʱһɨաͳԱߣһФҲһ֧̣ڴڵ


ڶʮ һǹ
̣߳߰۾ԶԶĻ÷ꡣ⻹ФһδŮˣ˵۹⻹ǲŮ˵Ļû˵͹£쳣˵һһҲΪ
÷߽ˣФ۾ת˱𴦣ͻȻĶߴһФŤͷȥֻһųͷ˳Ż÷괵ڡ÷Ƴ˶ԷһۣͷͳȥֱĴڡǳ˵϶ʱ¶һڨڨ֮ɫͷϵ
ʮԺ󣬴ͳ𶯣ФʱѾ˯ȫޣ۾עŻ÷꣬͵ʧһ㡣һФ͵ʲôƵģͷյŮĶ˵С̸ϽФ磬ҪٽФˣ±˲֪Ǿѽ
̸Ůæͷ룬ղŲΪ𣬽˳ˣƽʱһ쵽ŵ˭ҽФѽ
ФȻ֪Ů룬עȫ˻÷ϡ
ʱһ֣ȥӦ·ϡһԺ֣һΣûгֱֻ𣬲Ųòӵ绰
绰ͨԺôģСѾͷʽȥĶ棬֣˵ȥĲѣϴκͼͬѧȥΪ꣬úܲˣһֱһȥһ档
绰Ժ֣æһ𴲣һȥӦӵã緹Ժֱȥ
ʮʱһ֣òŴδ˵ˬշۺϣҲȷʵһ£źǣһֻڣҪȻ黰࣬Ƕô뵽Ժ֣ݺݵһۣԷƳ˼ƵģͷȻ˰֣еЦ֮Уٵʱûлȥ֣ϦദԽԽˣҲԽԽɩˣʱǼв֣˵Ҫ۸ҵĻö㡣֣⻰Ժֱˡ
СԺ󣬷ΪһţȥޡòˣλϣֻͻȻóһФĺ룬һæ˽
绰ͨԺһѹʣôˣ绰Фе㲻һæô¡Фߵһһʮһ˻㱨
˸ڻ÷ԺֱȥһұݣһһֱûڳФڵһһŮҲĶ棬һ䡣Ƶǣ÷굽ԺҲû˶ûҲû˽ȥֱʮһʱ򣬷Աһзȥһ֪ǻ÷еġ
ڸղŵʱ򣬻÷ͻȻسֱ˷ֱվȥФأۿҪϺĳˣ̫ˣŴ绰һһ¡
һҲɶĺСͷԣôأҴææϵٹȥһұСʱʲôҲûɣȻٳ˳أⲻǳԱ˳ŵ
뵽ԺһԺ͵һʣɽ˭ֻأϻɽԺ󣬶ԷʲôأһʺţһҶФĵ绰ڵֻȻ÷궼ˣǻʲôأ
һĲ棬ɮ붨һ㣬ΧһлȻδԱ˵ʱ֣æŰڷŵġ֪һ飬ҲûдԹԵس
ʱһͷڸٵתţԷ׼ɽĻһϸʲôá뵽Ժһæκǿ绰ֵ֪أæûʲô쳣κǿæشһ͹ˣҲûзʲô쳣ĵط⻰ԺһŷˣκǿһҪģʲô쳣ʱ㱨
һµ绡Ժ󣬷֣ڽζĳԷæǸЦЦҲ
Ժ֣һ˵ǲϳʲôˣղźżӡ
һͰǰǰ˵˳֣ҲĲƽ֮ɫ޺޵˵һ̫ˣӦץסǡ
øСֱལȭգ·ҪǰĻ˵һȭȥˡ
˴Ժ֣һȥˣղŵУȻ֪µԣ־Ʒǳص飬Ǿ͸ˡһе㲻˼飬ʵڷĲ£Ҫ־ǨĽڹϣʲôµĻôɾ̫Բϰˡ뵽Ժ֣˵Ǹغ
֣ȫܹһ뷨ֱӦѧſڡһ·ԺòŻᡣ֣һٶһҪ㿪Ժ󣬸绰һЦЦ˵û¡
һһ·϶˼÷⣬ȥҲ벻ȻòǿԼ⣬עٹ·ϣҪǳʲôµĻɲġ
һݵʱֻһФĺ룬ǰѳٷ˽ФĻԺһȷ˸ղŵĲ룬ȷʵڵɽкأѵΪ˺һᣬĻе̫ˡ
Фڵ绰һղ̴ϵһ£ǲŷлĲˣʲôʱ򲻼ģȥĶһŲ֪һ⻰Ժֱĳ嶯Щһôڹؼʱ̵أתһ룬ҶףµĶһˣƽʱһ쳣ıֶûУ͵һӸѿǣҲȷʵеʤ
һѳǰķҪ˼һ£Ӧô졣ȻҪˣ̴˿϶Ϣ㱨ФҲȥӳĻ̴˸ο
뵽Ժһĵ绰绰ͨԺ󣬰ߵ򵥵һ㱨һԺ˵Ͼȥ£һʱҪ־ƻ㱨һæ˵ǣҾͨ;˽⵽һЩſܻãԲ㱨˵ϰģżϢҿɲȥ״
һе˼˵˼С첻С첻һЦŵټԺ󣬹˵绰һѳѸٵķʻȥ
¸٣ĵ绰Фġһټɳ̴˿ᣬøȹȥˣҲ֪ʲôšϣһСʱͿԵˡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһˣӦúûжϵˣϾץ֮ǹֵĹҲ岻֡һѳԺֱ˴һˣȻȥ棬緹Ժ󣬾ͼݳظϣһϢʱ䶼ûУϣŶپɢ˼ܡ
һһ˯ѵʱѾˣ룬ǾȥﻹǷĲ£Ǳ߻᲻ʲôӡ׼¥ͻȻ˼ٵһФ
Ժһ漴ڵФ˵Ĺˣݺݵ̴ˣɳҲ˼˵ɳо£Ϊʲôûмʱ㱨֮ǰǿ飬ֱӸФĻԺвͬҲɵȥ˵ڳ⣬Ϊһ֮ɧҲǿġ
漴˵µĹɳص㻹Ƕס÷꣬л̴˸𡣼֮ǰڳеĿԻǺܴģҪ̴λӳֱһС飬Ļ˵ڵҲҪлҳ
˵ԺһФһۣ˶֪⻰֮һ£һؼУΧжҪǳĶһè㵽ĶȥеǿԿץסľġ


ڶʮ 辶
һϸѯФȥǵФͰǰľϸ˵˳
˾ϸ϶÷ӦʲĿľע⣬ӶȥлϵһĻһⲻˣΪʲôðôķȥлأŮ鷽˵ĻȻǽͲͨġ
ҲûͨеĹؽڣѾлļˣ⣬Ҳû̫塣
һͷ͵ðһ뷨Ф˵᲻Լ˲Ǽ桢ԼᣬֻͨǣһķӦϾ飬ѾȥˣһΪӦûʲôˣԽ̽һ£˵׼ͷ¶ˡ
ФһĻ󣬵˵ͷӦ˵Ҳһݣİһֱ÷ǳΣ֪˼ᳬЩٵ񾯶֪̽ϢҲ޴֣ųô˼Ʋߣһŵı֡
ҿǵʱûжԻ÷ȡʩ˵ʱԶߡФҵ˵Ǹ뿪ʱǰȥλͬ־ǣ䶼ûˣӦò¶š
һ˵ͷһ֧˵ǵԸ⿴ղŷ߲ûʲô˳лģһ÷Ҳƽ˾˵ֹ۵ΪӦûʲôˣǿϣĽڣҵĵȥˣ᲻ĵѰˣҪĻܾͻݾˡ
ǶġФһŨ̺˵зֹʱ־Ҫκ˲ñ¶ԼݣҲҪͳľϵžΪ˷ֹݾߡ
һ¶һǸ΢ЦȻ˵Ҳ̫ˣǿⷽм֣ҿûдȥҪȻĻԿѽ
ǺǣҲҪ̫ǫ飬ղŵǸ̽Ǿ뷨ͺд⣬һֱΪлĵһʲô켱õҲִԭھôһ˵ҲһҵҸʱϴ㱨ФЦ˵
Ǽƻе㲻˼Ͼһģȥǻ㱨ʱȻ˵Լ뵽ġһҲƣֻ΢΢ЦЦֵ֮䣬С£ȻҪŪллʲôģԵüˡ
Ф׼һȥԵģ˵һ׼ҲûжԴԺԬ̩һ࣬ô£ǷºʲôƵģԼİ칫ûʲô£ӰһҲûֻ̫Ҫ¾У˵£ǵǴҪġ
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κǿϳԺ󣬶һ˵绰ȥ¥Լ˲ϲһ󣬺ܲ˵򳤣Ҳ𣿡
ǵģǣûлȥ˵ϱźӳȥˡκǿ͵
һ˵ͷҲ׼һģ⵹Ҳǣί൱ڴӿͷˣĻᣬôҲúúŬһҪȻ˵ԲԼԾټĲҲȥκǿˣܲҲϰɣóʱûһˡ
κǿЦ˵ǣҸղѾ绰ܲˣɩȥӦȥˣܻ˵˽Ѿ˵ˣɩӵĲ޴ˣֻȸ浥ѡ
һ˵ͷ淢κǿܸɣڹ棬Ϊ˴·Ҳ˺ܴĽʱ˲̾⻹ǵǸֻ֪Ϳͷĸ˵컯ŪһҲΪһ£һû򣬼ûǳ¹ʣһֻأ
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˽˰Ժѵصʿһ㣬ȷҵԼλãһҲǫ飬Ȼλϡ޵ˣվһĵؽµĲƷǰɽ壬һشһȻֵܣװʲôҲûһµس̡ţ
˵Ĺ̳ߡ˷ӲҪһ˿иߡ˷ӣҲûпܡڽӹ˵ʱ͵һתβһһֽʵĸоֻе˲һֻйаֱСȥæ񣬺̸
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һĲѣ˵ְϲĶӰŹΪ£ĻڵҲĲˡϲĶӲĵĻëϽ˭Ϣء
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ǰʱ䣬Ԭ̩ȥ֮󣬺ϢѾ˽ϵˣǺǿġͨǴ˽ȷʵˣΪþܳ˭֪˽ܷãȻûӡŴϢ˲Ų̫š
ôܲһ취һʲôʣǻǻ꣬Խ˾һҪһ£һôߡ˾ڰѾһСʱˣûʲôõ۴ǲǸȥǶǿ֮ǰҲЩҪ˵˽һƻصأֻǲ֪˼һ᲻ӡԬ̩ͷ󣬵˵ͷֻҽˡ
һ˳Ժ󣬾͸ԴɢˣһͲͬ·һ˳Ծߵ˼ʻߣһЦЦԿ׵ݸ˵ĵĹٳȼɭҲеţ¼֮ЩϸڣҶԼ׳ɵȥءϳԺһʵʱԺ󣬸оΣ
ߴ̱˵ίʱȷʵܲһ˵æµһ㣬˻ͦʵģǸǺ£ﻹǺʹġ
һЦЦ֪Է⻰һķгɷ֣˭ϲûءĻӦҲижڸκǿϼͳһˣԬ̩Ҳûа취ؼʱԬ̩˼ͲĹУææµµģҲ֪æЩʲô
һصԺ󣬸׼ϴ裬ֻͻȻͨԺФĵ绰һлѾصˣһ³ͱ̴˷ˣ˭Ҳûвȡжæ档ָκ˶ӡ
лĻصԺûκֱͣӻ˼ҡһԺ󣬲ԼлľȻһ֪æФ˽⡣
ԭлľһз֮Ҳ֪ôͺ카ˣòѾ289ˣиŮ׶԰һǰһֱΪлĺͻ÷һǸС벻Ѿ輶ˣı컹ǿ
һбҪФһĿǰƣءФ˵ճԹ׼ؼңһһġФ˵ʮԺ͵
ʵҲûʲôʵԵݣȴһʶθôĶһˣ
лʲôʲ󣬿һķӦΪڵķѾǰôˣԳ͸͸ˡûץ죬Ҳ˵ǳʧˣҲûб¶Ի飬Ӧǳɹġ


ڶʮ 
ھֹһɱг֮ǰһҪֱ̽ȷбʤİ֮ʱŻȻ֡οȥǾˣĵ˵ˣˣҲν´Ҫ˵ĻɾͳˣԼϼ壬һЩصˣʹ군Զ˵һĲĻһ䲻Ķͽ
ϺФԺһͰ·Ͼϸ˵ⲻһίӦòĵ飬ֻΪǳ⣬ŽñȽ
һʱ䣬һľҪ˻ľϹ˾Ĵ棬ǵ֮Ϊ˾Ժ󣬻вٵ׼Ҫ꿪Ժ󣬿ɾǻľ۵ˣʱҴѽ
κǿʢ˾ϵʢȾЭ̣һҲ˹ͨʢľ˾ȷΪϰ죬ʢܹ˾ľֲһԺҪӽȥģ۹ܳԶͶȥԺ󣬲˵Ͳˡһһ뿪ˣһҪǲ֧ĿĻʢ˾ͻܱڰô˭ǣʢ˾Եõ֤
һĽԺͶأɽ⻰˵һûǿ飬ڶ˽ñȽ͸ټϺԬ̩۴һ򽻵ľ飬ܷһһ飬һ֪Ļһ㣬ǰңԼײظһ㻨ľȻ׬˼Ǯ겻ѡ
ʽгҪʢ˾ȥԴɻľֲǹӦеʲôֻԼҪʱ򣬳洦һЩ⣬дìܾ׵ȷ顣
ʮѮʱʢľϹ˾ʽһ˼׼һº쵼ͬ־־ư뵽ũҵĸгԿһ̨ҪɷõĻһǰ˵䡣
һ⻰Ժһ㶣ϰ⻰˼Ȼ¶¶ֻһдǶѣõĺ̨ҲһɷðɡôɷãôشЩҪϰôǺأѵ׼ԼƣĿʲôأ
뵽Ժһе㲻ˣƵĿǨڻĹٳϾԲʲôܣڽϴϰԼ̸ѵԼҪȥˣϰǲǶˡԴǰʱ紫־ҪԺʱѾἰôʱ䶼ûҶΪûϷˡѵʱ򣬾Ȼַ·תˣ⻹ֵζһ飬Ȼµ˰˾ŷ֣һԲɵɵȥ־ƵġЩԶֻᣬԴģǹϵٺãҲ⡣
ľ˾ʽԺһؽе̨ƵĲɷá˵ЩʲôΪ֮ǰгֵ׼ԴĻľչһֱʢľ˾ľһϸؽ˲˾벻ǣ߾ѻСϺϣʱСϺѾ˷ǳ֪ȣ߲ɷһ֣һᵹҲΪ˵Ǹһ٩٩̸ˣ˵ʳֵĽ裬СϺƷƵĴ죬һֲ߻ƶģʲôѵסء
ϵžͲһܲɷõȻԼ࣬˵ؼϣһ֪һʵɵίǣԲڡ̵ǻſڴ
Ԭ̩ڼ￴ԺһֻӬΪиڵ¶ĻᣬϾ֮һΪĵˣȻõıɷöˡ
벻ԺֱӾͱһȥˣΪһϴһüȥɷñˡ˭֪һӵ˵ֱͣȴ˲ݸһ㡣ɷһԺ󣬼߾ֱȥ׷гԿѹûһڡ
һصԺ󣬾ڿ棬룬һεıе㷴ѽ֮ǰСϺһ·ĿʱôõĻᣬûȥͷôأ³ĶأԬ̩ͷǰ˼⡣
Ԭ̩ʱЩڣʱ䣬̫ľͶϣûκνչϵ飬ˣڶе㲻֪ϦǺĸоˣֿտգһС
˵飬ϴ۴һ𣬺ò׹ǶļţӰûţͱ˳Ԭ̩֪ǶڼңҪϱ˭ʱ򣬲ôԺ˼Ҿֱӻһ䣬ȥԷˣûʲô㣬յң˳ԷһֱԵʱ𣬲ǶǳľڣȥģҲѡʱ˵Щʲôأ˼ҲԸ㣬㻹ܱ˵Ͳʲôѵָܳ
ǶǻȥԺǳˣֻѶעѹˣĿǰΪֹû䡣ӡǴϢԴյ˼͹ȥİԺ󣬾͵࣬ҧǮǼģ򷿵ģһʱᣬίҲûʲô취ȡ䴦İ취ʱһʱ䣬ʱӦòʲô⡣
Ϊ˵ף˼ϵĹʱԬ̩ܵһĴڲκǿϼšһϲҲкǸòõҶΪϴӭһ·跽飬ǣһңɡֲй޹˭ҲκβԬ̩ѹ޴һҪ־棬治һ׵飬ֻˡ
ľ˾֮һÿգһ־Ƶ飬ּ飬ȻܴģѲסһ˸绰ٻȥܹҵƼигؽԪ˽һ¡ΪһǳίĸгҲһ֪£ڻĹٳϣ˭ǶľֵģȻгûеϵŹ֣С£ӦòѡʵһҪĻ绰֣Ӧò£ΪС£ʹ󶯸ɸ꣬òֵٻΪؽԪΪ棬һ±ίǵȥӦȫܹ͵ùȥ
ڶ죬ٻĵ绰ͻ˹˵ûȷеϢһ˵ܵθгһ˵ܵһȷǣڽ뿪ȥݣӦǰ϶ˡϢûдֻʡίίʡί֯쵼֪Ŀǰ֪Ϣģֻˡ
һæٻлͬʱҲԺؽԪ߿һۣʡﻹûй飬Ȼܹȷʵ򵥡ɴ˿ɼܿеģʡ͵ĵơ
ٽԪʱһͷеǸֿʼˣФϵΪϰߣһشڼյʱ򣬺ͲסįҲ֮УǶ˵ÿѽڱ˼
һ֮ǣФȻϵϣֻһֱڹػ״̬ɳĵ绰õĴǱоȥˡһúͻȻֻкٻϵ˭֪õϢȻɳһ˵ǳоֲμһⰸơ޷ؼң绰ϵǳ٣ٻõأӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬸ˡ
һʱˣӦΪİӣΪʱΰ״ܺãû˵ʲô԰ǳһǵһˣ׼ǰˡٻѯʣһæο䣬˵Ӧû£ЩƴɵģٻЦҲ˼ٶ˵ʲôˡ
ٻͨ绰Ժһһʱƽ׿鲻˵ӦñࡣϰҲпһЩߣ֪־ƶǳģȻҪŬ־뿪飬һӰ൱Ĵ


ڶʮ ˵
Ǳʶһֱǳìܵģϣ־뿪ߴߣˮʹӦǴҹͬĿ꣬ȻչĽǶȳǲϣ־뿪ġ
˭־Ƶİ࣬һҪ⣬ҪǴݻʡսһãӺе˵ΣǾͺܱˡ˽ܵǶǶժңһ˵ʲôϢ˽Բȥ˵ǶӡΪʱ֮ȪìܣҲòĶȥһΪ־ƵĵɽѹǵĹУҲ˲СӵãǸ岻ֵġ
˺ܾԺһ龹Īķ͵һ룬ǲѽĵ䲻˵ûеҲ̫죬ϰ뿪֮ǰһúòֵġİԼƴĳɹ˵ģԼȻҲӦİţˮڣһһҲûʲôõĵġʱ־ĲҪԴڶδ֪Ĳ⣬ʵϣЩνѡֵʱҲˡ
뵽Ժһ壬Ѹֱϣͷļ
Ԫʱһ֣һȥ˷ʳǣ׼ݼ׼ĸԺ󣬲֪֣ȥྩһھЩź֮ʣҲһɡԴӵһξ֣νĿԺһλδɣһĪľηԼĸʱڵġΪǻϰյĹٱλ˼ʵ벻ǣԼǳҪǺŷ֮ǵ飬Ҳ˵ġ
֣ĸ׺÷һĵǳˣдһ֣ȥ棬ϴڼһ׼ĸӡǳã֪䣬˶Լĸ׺Ƿݹ֮顣
ڷʳǵʱ䣬һҸģ˳ԣ棬Ҳˬ֮һ챻֣Źִ֣Ů˶Դֵ˶Ů׷ƣִ˲ƣһ죬Ҳ򲻵·ǻǻֲиһǿ಻ԡһˬ֮ĳЩ桭
Ԫ¶һ죬ʱûгȥڼ÷ѽȥˣǸСķҲȥСȥˡ
ŴˮգһеЩңҪյĻ˵ҪȥĳȥƴɱˡбڴϿ֣һǰչֳһȺ£еҡεҲǱ̫õԵʣ֣һת˴̵βһ˫ۡĳоɤ﷢ɣⲻջٲֵĻ̫ԲԼˡ
һĵϴȻ˳֣ĵ֣ԺҲʩΪˡǰʱ䣬ĳ־Ͽ̫ûţ׳¡Σ壬һ׵±˳롣ƪԺ֣ܲˣ֮ǰһֱţҪõĶ»֮ҹ֮ǰһιʧܶգ˶ҡΪ̫ãҪȥߢȡĻǲ̫ԩˡ
ʱһȴΪԭŮ˵жĻջŶ룬͵ط֣ǰܾˣﲻǲлᣬԡ뵽Ժһڴתһ룬УĸļũΪɻһ顣
뵽ԺһŻ˶ֱֹͣһԺ󣬳׵طŹµĸ
֣ɻ󣬵ʵôˣ㲻һֱҪ𣿡
һбͷЦʵͬˣ
֣ͨ죬ͷǰͬʱص¡һıԺҲһɻѾͷʲô񾭣ǰΣѾ붯ˣĹؿڣ̬쳣ôҲϾͷҲûôţȻ׾ٵɿˡһһ˿ҡתһµĹأǾ´ΣҪΪԼӵŮˣʲôúＱģһ䣬ûϢ
һѼķ֣򵥵˸ܣԭΪŮʼҪ˵ģһԺ󣬾Ǳ˼ҵˣԾԲ顣Ҫ˵Ļ˽л·⻰˵һ㣬֣ȴǸжѣ벻ƽʱɫˣȻΪԼĸĸŷжȥһĴϣĵ׵ĻϨ֮ƣڱһʢˡ
˯ڴϣһƲѣһߣȻӦ³Ҹݣ֣͵ںòɿˣҪٹʱ䣬ָıˣǻ֪Ҫȵء
ڶһ磬һͺͺ÷˵ϴ˸绰˵˵飬Ͽȥ÷ܹУҪҪһֻúղѣæ˵û£ֻһЩС⡣÷ŷģ˵ȻȥɣСֱӰ͹ȥ
ˣ̡һæ˵ǳ˳ȥ
ֲʲô鷳飬Ҫܻ˵Ҫ̸飬ԾСֱȥ÷΢Ц˵
һһ⻰ʧ֮ɫ֣һ͵Цʵһʲô⣬Ϊ½Ժ˵һͻӦ죬˵⻰ʱЦ
һвʣѳڣҲڷڣȻ֣ȥҲûбҪʲôССˣʡءֻ֣Цݣһݺݵصһۡ
緹ߵʱ򣬺÷ǰ棬֣ĸףһ󣬳䲻һ
֣ʧ˳
ôˣ÷عͷŮĵʵ
ûû¡֣ͨ죬ͷ۸߸Ь˵Ь̫ߣе˵ˡ
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ظ֣ĸŮԺһ֣ĺ쳵˵ĸоԼɣܹġһ·кüСʱ·̣һ˸ͷ£æжһֱ˯ţСܾܵȻֲڴϷȥ˯ţ̲סȥ뵽ҪΪ洢ӵˡȻһգܵúܡ
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ǰ幫žƵĺ쳵ͣ׷һæ³ֱȥڼԺͳһôʱĳˡСղҲȥ˲ȴѾȵ˳˾˲ƽʱһЩϸھͿԿǵڲ֮ͬǳ£Ҳزˣгڵ˼һﰵĹľӻǸ˵ĵط
ʱѾٽˣһСһٱ㷹ʱӲһ̸صԺһеãȻȥأȲϰʱ䣬ղڳֺú˯һ˯ȫޡ
뵽ԺԺֳŷˣʼͷĳЩ뷨ԽĻԾǾʹ˸绰ŷ٣ԼСʱԺںС档ŷٻ⣬֪һȥʳˣ벻ȻͻˣǿĵشӦˡ
һûпȥ첻㣬һһˡʲôģʱû͡¥ԺһǰٶףȻŴֱСȥԺó⳵ֱӿ¥£С֮ǰ͸˳ǮȳͣԺֱӴȥȻ¥
ԺһԼ֮У˵ÿһҲû


ڶʮ ϰ彻
ԴԺһԼԺŷ֮һҪģһСĵĻĺԤƵġ
ŷһ˽СʱԺ󣬲ŹģΪ³ʲôģؼڼﻯױѡ·ȥ˲ʱ䡣գۼ䣬ŷѾʮˣŮ˵䣬ܶôʣҲòʱˣʲôͿ֬Ĩ֮ģͱñزˡ
һڴϿС˵ȵĵ̺ںĶգûʲôоŷٽԺѩ׵޷ǽĺɫëɴǵţп㣬߱¶ڴҶӷ׵֮ʱ͵һ¼һԸӰҪû㷴Ӧ¾ͲѪյжˡ
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Ԭ̩һĻȨ棬ŬԺмɫҪ볹װƺҲ̫ܡһ̬ҲЩ仯ûкֵĽϾ˵Ĺٳϣƨɾ˼άе
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뵽Ժһæ˵ԻĻǺơƵĺãҪȻ̣ǿܲˡ
ãǾͺơưɣ˵վߣҷԱơȥˡƣһݵ˼һﰵģҪǱŮſˣǿǼ˵顣


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ڶʮ ΰ
ŵԺ󣬼ܿϹһӣϣ˵·ʲôģֻеԼʱٴˡ
»صԺ󣬼ܿƳһ۳һֻ˯쳣𣬿ˮ˳ܿæֽ򿪺ţذøɾǰӢˣ̲ܿסͷһ촽һ¡Ҳ֪˴̼˸Ӧһ촽䶯¡ܿŵͨ죬һѹҪĻԼΡһûĶǼĴΡܿ״æϳţʻȥԺﻹͣ
ܿڣƽϢһ¼飬Ȼϵɣǰʻȥӵʱ䣬ȵͣһſڣܿ⾭ԷǳϤÿҪɨۣ˵۶ţһҲΪ
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һŵԺ󣬼ܿ˼ڴȻȥЬӣȻ˫ȰᵽȥϱӡһһڿŨҵľͷʱ촽ˮӡܿ״æȥˮƿмκȫǿյġܿһƳһߵˮæˮ
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ܿŸǺñԺ󣬸׼뿪ͻȻֱһ͵һץסˣﻹһ٣ܿ÷ǳУ˭ŮѲ֡һĹһ͵һܿʧȥģһһϡ
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ŶŶڶһ͵һӾ˹ʵ˯ֻۣһİŮǰֻֻ֬񱳡һûκԥ
ܿһ󺰣о̫ˣоһӱˡ治ǵʲôʱйָоģǲй޷ֱˡ
һкԺһ֪ˣµŮ˺Ȼŷ٣Ϊµʱ򣬴ΪһȡЦŮ˾˭أһ۾ͬʱͷת
һ裬һ뵽βӦûôӦòôĶȷϲԺһ΢һ㣬ΪղԼܾıףȴǿ޲ˡ뵽ԺһľѾ˴ˣ˲裬ǾһǼܿˣĻǸղŵʾܽˡ
һβѣѾﻢˣܶҪȰɡ
뵽Ժһˣȫǰ㡣ܿδԹƣʱѾȫ״̬
Ҳ֪˶ãһһ£֪ˡ
ϢһԺ󣬼֪ܿһѾˣͷ̧ĬĬԺ˱档
ìܣϣһ˵Ļ͵ڳ飬ҲһϿɰɡͬʱϣװ˯Ϳ뿪Ժ֮ԵʲôҲû÷Ρһȥ˵õģܹȥĻܿ־еź
ܿں˼֮ʣͻȻһͺܿͬʱоһֻȦסӡ
ţܿشӦһļѡ˵ʵĸŮҲܲˣ˺ԼԺ󣬼װ˯ʲôҲûһһıûʧĵһһĻһֻһ⻬ڽؿԼϣָо޷ݡ
ǡŶһһղŽ˭ѽ̧ܿͷʵղƺǡ֣˳§һƺǱŤ
һ⻰Ժ񺹲ѣһԼղŰѼܿŷˣȻֱӲˣ˵ƺԣһûǡǡһѡһͰ͵ؽ͵һ񺹣˵һµģ뻹ǷˡĿǰ֪ܿŷӦǳ飬ڳѣʱѿ
ŶܿЦһ׷ˣ뿴ԼǰѾ˽ȵˣ֪ǺηˣȻԵߵġܿղ֮ĿĵģһΪԼʱ򣬹⹴ĻһôأһʣȷظһҿǸܺߣֵġ
ŮʱǷǳģǻ᲻źۼİҪ˼ͿǷ㹻ȥ֡
ܿԲ𣬶ҵĴһͷżܿĶ˵ҲáҲܸоĲǹģ㿴
̧ܿͷһ˵㣬ԸġȻһ̽ͷһĴϡ⻰ҲʵҪǲԸĻһҲܹóѣٲ˳صóѡ
һһ˵ĵ׵ɢپֿ̼ܿʼս
ڶνԺһּܿⷽŷҪ츳ö࣬Щ֮ǰδԹģǴ̼ĸоȻΪǿҡպһʼЩĶѧʱ򣬵õĴ𰸣ĿɿڴȻ¼档
˲پƣټηԺһǳ׵ˣһһֱ˯ֻתʱܿѾڣȵϡͰӣһȷȷʵһŮ˷˹ϵЩƣһȴڣհǰ˺ˣЩȻѾȥˣк塣ΪŮʵʵڵʲô֪Լôˡһ߳緹߰
緹ԺһԿףɣȥܿĳôǳͣ·м䣬ûзʲô
˰칫ԺΪһȲ衣һע۲һ£ϲûʲô仯ŷļܿΪһŮˣȻзִ磬ϲͣ͵һӱ˾ܾһ浣ģ᲻ʲô쳣ľٶҪĻ쳣еʱڣ˵ʲôӰ죬ɲϣĽڿıԺԷˡ


ڶʮ һŵ
ٽʱһûʲôˣĵȥ·ϲ׼һȥһæ˵ȥæɣҾ㿴ϲ״Ҳûٿٽˣһѣ治һæڳȥ̸顣
һܶΣûһһģ˵͵͵һҲΪԺ󣬳˼ܿһд⣬ûпˡһ̧ܿͷһߵͨ죬վС˵ôˣǹʱ䡣ԹȴĲѣղŻţ֪һ᲻Լ۾ϵſȥһδʧ飬벻עʱȴͻȻ
ллͣٺ٣һ˵
ܿ󣬿ĵʵóҲˣֻһӣ´һָ˵Ժ󣬼ܿ͵ͣѾʶ⻰ë
һζؿһ֮ɫܿһǺ߲ѣͷһֱ͵ǰ޲Ҹصȥһ״˾Ҫ͵ؽһˣ״Ҳ˵ʲôһм飡
һ˼ܿһۣ˵ȹȥˣʱܻеæȷʱҸ绰
ܿص˵ͷ
һת뿪˵죬ҪĿģΪ˸߼ܿղŵǾ仰˵һԼ˵һŵûü˵ڣһýҪ߼ܿ
һԤϵһæòɿˣϵĸŶ֣ϣܷһ㣬иɣ񲻸˭⵽Ƶġż죬һæϲĹûУ칫һһ䶼ϣ˭˭һҲв
״̬һֱʮ磬ٽʮʱڰһ֧Ǹˡһ׼Ϣһ£绰ͻȻͨԺ洫ФеˣһҪ취ס÷꣡
һһţȻФˣʲô˼æʵϿ˵ô£
ղǼ÷ĵ绰ϵ˵ӵʱϵطԼ֮ǰ˲ϵФ˵ڲ֪ԼϵطĶֵ˼Լʱڣ취ס÷ꡣԴļƻӶʹǵļؿѾԼ֮ǰ֮䲻ϵ
û⣬ϡһ϶˵øңԼҪϵʲôʱ򣿡
Фһ˵㿴ŰɣԼиСʱҾͲˡ
ã֤񡣡һɴشиҪҲȥǸ㣬Ҳϲȥˡ
ðɣʱʹڳϴ󿴼ͳɣҰٺ٣ФЦ˵
˵绰Ժһʼ˵ʵڴһѾˡ׼ȷ˵죬һϣۿץ鰸ΪĿ˵ʱĲҾ磬񻹼¡ְԺָоǿңΪǳԬ̩۴֮ԸҺԼŸɣʱΪǴµĻ
ôס÷أһ￪ʼԷϾǸŮӣԼҲδȢҪǱΪԼʲô뷨ĻǿƺҲϴ尡
һ˺þãҲûд⣬һ˼·ȷԼ̸еڳٿԱֻиϯΪˣϾ÷µıټǸ곤Ůͬ־Ȼʲô⡣
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һڷ֮ʣ͵ίǰʱ䱻ίȥˣ˵û÷ȥίǣֻ˵˵ѣֲö֡뵽ԺһΪԼĽڰкá
Ժһ绰ϯ˹ȥԺ󣬴Ż÷һİ칫ϯƣҲöʲôֻӦ
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ɵԺһְֻóһ֣Ѿطʳˣ֮ǰԼãʱΪ죬֣Ҫŷȥྩ¬үӰꡣ
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Դϴȥб˸Ժ󣬻÷ڵ绰һ쵱ͱ֤׵ʱһ취
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ڶʮ ֻ
÷״￪һЦ뵽Ҫʮ֮ڣ˵ĻԼȥϹȥȫüġǣ۰Ͱ͵һϣڿ㿪̸Ժֱˡ
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÷룬ҵĴǣʲô͸Ͽ˵˵ллҸҾСȻ⻰ֻ룬˵
ڻ÷͸ϯڴУһڿ˵ˣȻͣĻԺòûһͷԵڵءֻһһڲԺ󣬳Ÿϯ˵ϯ÷ͬ־ʱĹô
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ϯﾡܳɻ󣬻ǰѻ÷ƽʱеıϸ˻㱨쵼ʲô쵼飬ôشɾˣΪһŵĸˣֱĹ˵ôƨɵµǰӣҲȥˡ
һȻԸεĻشܸȤһһϸشϯϸ͵ͬʱﲻֹ˼ѻ÷һѵʲô뷨ѽŮˣϴλʳ÷ǺһȣȻƽʱװһ֪ӣȷһ˴뱲ˣʲôù۾ѵǲ֪ϯﰵҪʾһ£ɻ÷ߣ⻰ݡ
÷ʱʵû˼һ͸ϯ̸˼ʼϵǿϣϣһ̸꣬ȥԼ˼Ѿŵֻˣֻ͵˵һġ»ģĿǰϻû֪ǰλϯ֪һΪжд̣Ҫǵ绰ԺԼһ¶ţĻɾǺ졣
һԺ󣬸ϯڸһ˽÷ԭԭΪίǡæʾ÷һʾл÷꾹Ȼδ֪Щʲôϯæһѣ÷γѣæڸϯ棬лһʵûղһĻڸлʲôģҲơ
һ۾һƳǽϵĹӣѾʮˣǾ˶о̸
һʾԺ󣬸ϯͻ÷æվǣλ÷굹úվȥϯ¥ݿڵʱѾµ¥ˣҴҵشһкԺֱӼ³ȥ
ԺһҴϵĶԺҲ¥ſڵʱ򣬸պÿ÷һ⳵׼תȥֻФɣѾͣĸǰһԺ󣬿ٵشȥŵʱФѾ͵һŰŲȥɣصһ˳ȥ
ʮϵո˼֣һФؿǰ⳵ǵķʻȥФ״æԽָ˻㱨
šţ⳵ע⣬Ҫ¶ԼҪ¶ԼԽﴫĻ
ףסФش
һһŵؽɫĳ⳵۾һգҲգ͵һӴԼʧһ
Ф˾ӿٶȣ⳵һĸ̫᲻ᱻ÷귢֣һ룬ӦòᣬʱŸȥԼᣬĶעΧĳ˵ʮϣٿϻؼҺͼžۣӦҲ֮飬ںģ˾ÿɡ
Сʱңһǰһ˺ԺһФĳ滻·Ժ˵עе˶Խϣ治ͨķλһһǳǿҵĸоФ˵֪ǵϵطĶˣ
ĶФеʵ
ûв´ĻӦǾһһһ˵㿴·߲Ķ
ФһԺ֣صص˵ͷ
һ޺޵˵յģ뷨ȻǸһףҪǲŻ÷꣬ǴԴҲ벻ȻͶھ档ѽҪгԣҪкȣõľ鷿ʲôġһеһϧôõԴȫаˡ
ǺǣѽίǣҰͰһ㣬ˮòûġФ˵˵⻰Ժ˾С˵Ӻȥͣӿڡ
һФſڵʱѾǲ÷ֹˡץȻ̴˸𣬸ղѾȥȷϹˣסھ303䣬ʱոסġ
̴Ĵӳ¥Ժһ˽֮飬ǵһμ浶ǹץץ֮һֱǳע֮ˡ
ԶҪ죬ӵĹһѺһһŮӾ˳ŮĲ˵ǸղŻһĻ÷꣬еʧ졣
ʱ˶Ѳķɣ죬ڵĵ룬ʹݡࡣȫ̱ߵľߣĶһһ֮ǵķɡȻľѱݻˣôҲףԼĲµľ֣ôô׾ͱ˸ƽأҪǻ÷Ҳһ뱻ץĻһΪŮѱѾȥģʵ룬Ҳмֵġ
һϲҳ챻׽סԺһФ쳣˷ܣеԭֻ¼˲⡣
ФԼһһؼҳҹһһ£ӦǸѡʱûطȥ϶ǲУʱ⣬Ժһǣ˺£붼֪ϵǼλ϶Ѳ˸ϵȻҲ԰ŷٻ߼ܿгһǳ⣬һȴôȥǺϼԲʱ̣Ϊһ˽ӰǺͼ˵žۡ
һФһؼҵʱФ˶ܸˣФƷɿĲѡԼܺһùϵ⿴ĽѾײ˵ˣһҪˣҼпٽһʮ;ͳΪ˸ɲʡҲܳڵطϵʵְģȫʡҲһλˡ
ФҸӵļй£һ˲پƣȻҪԭǳĵԵʡһǱʶһֱΪ־ϵĹȥ⣬һҪԭ򣬾ǰ鴦ۿԼ뿪ˣסˣҲΪԼĻһԲľţԺʱٲź
ԺФһͻᡣǺȶˣһûϴֱϴ˯ˡƺȶԺ󣬸˵ıֲһһŴߣɵġԺһֻݶæ˶˯˵̬Ⱦɰܣ⻰һûӵĹѾˡ
һ˯Ժģˣ۾Ժֻرɣ𴲵ˮȡˮƿԺ󣬲ŷտҲ˵ҸģΪ˹ʱγҲܵеĸʿ࣬ҹ뾪Ժˮûһڡ
ˮϵԺһţʱ쳣֣ϣʱѤöʵ̻գųɫ״ʢ֮ʱʧӰ١㵽һԺ֮ǵ͹ȣŵ޾ļį֮֡


ڶʮ Ļ
һܺõӣûгǿĹûк˽֮ӲĹϵϣҲôȻҲûкµĿܡ˵ڵίǵλϸɵ÷ˮģѾ˸ΪҪĸλȻ޾ֻܳΪ
ˡһ죬֪Ǹ˭ȼŵı񣬰һصʵУעѾΪһȥʽ˵ĽѵǷǳ̡
һеĵ㺮ǣ뵽մʱԼ;Զһõ飬ͬʱҲҪעʢ˥ĵ־ߺ󣬲Լȥǰ˳ԺΪ˴һҪע⣬Ҳνĵ͵¿ȥԼķչʵϣӳԶĽǶ˵γҲһִԼҪϸߵ̨ףһҪѧԷˡ־ֻ;·ˣ·ܹкԼֵʱһδزһ¡
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˼·͵һתԺˣϴȥʱ͸ĻľˣˮǿɴߣؾĥѡҲûи׺仰ĺ壬ʱΪ˺ƵģôҲò񣬿ɾʲô˼أ벻ȹԺһȥݷһλԣһҪ뷽跨׳㶫ĻʵǱûš
˼һһһ˯Ϯǹرյӣ·ʼһ
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һæ绰ȡϵǾŵ㵽İ칫ңһȥݷһסϵشϵϸɲ޻ɣΪҲôǶһûлؼҹ꣬е棬Ϊǰ˵Ҫġеɻ󣬵˭Ҳûʳڣﶼ룬һ£Ҳ֮С
һ绰Ժͷ緹ȻֱԼİ칫ҶȥйǰͷϰףǰʱŷøģҲ֪Ӽõģڷ涩ģζͦãһϲԡ
칫Ժ󣬲ʮӣίǡ־ֳɾ塢˽һǴкԺ󣬺ֱ˵˴еĿġһҲ˵֮ǰίѾ绰ˣѾ˰ţһᣬ˾ͻˡ
˵˵Ժ󣬴Ҷ˳Ĭһóһ̣ÿһҼԺ󣬲ŷ׷װ´Ц˵ǣǾͲˣȥԺ
һȻɻ˼Ͼ»ûճΣҲ˵ʲôֻЦЦ
ͻȻ⴫һźһƣȻվȥš
ŴԺԬ̩۴졢룬͵ؿһİ칫ȻվźüˣһתۼĹһίĹԱѾţֱվǰ
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ڿƱж񱨣ЩϻȻҶ֪Ǿ˳ţԷøѵ³ʱʲôģѾˡ
һ£һҲϵԼԺһҪעⲻ֣ǧ죬õǮǧáʱƲѵģԲȡ֮ǰ֣İ취ĸϣ̻ƶ֮Ҫʱ
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һʱԬ̩۴졢±ί˴ߵϢ򴫿ˣΪΪŵĻ⡣ʱʼϾͺˣһԺͨϰռǻǱ֮ġ͵˵⼸һ군ˣͬʱǸԭĵίҲץסˣҿ˵˷ܲѡ
˻ֵһǸع˾һҹ֮Ŵˣ˵ϰ屻ץˣҲ˵ϰˣٲ֪Ǹⲻô¥ڹŴˣ˿Ǹϰڳһ磬һ̸ˡ
һʱеʹʹԬ̩۴졢½ԭˣŪ㶯Լֵ·Ʋ߳ɹˣΪФǴϢơظֵѾ˳뿪˵ȥĶ֪
Ԫ֮ǰһϢίһеθгǾ˵ԭ칫ҵΣһŮģлƴңɳκǿΡͬʱһĳгŷҲˣᵽ˴ȥˣǸܿĸгﳤҵΪгһȥԭλá˵ЩϢǼ٣Ͳö֪ˣһԿ϶һ϶뿪ˣΪ磬ϲѾ˰ĶãС͵ȥˡ


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ڶʮ 
һں֮ǰҲԪڵĵڶ죬־ԷһͬôһֻܣСŮëߣһֳѰϲͬýӹԺѸȥ
÷֥æеͬãô壿
ҲŲأǴ˵ܻóʱ䶼ȥӦ쿴̣ͬõǲǺǣɰͬ۵Ļڳ˶ˡ
һѽǴ˵㣬ʱȥӦ쿴㿴Ѿɩһˣס˭ԹһͬöŹǺǣ÷֥ĵ˵
һڨڨӦһ֣ѣȻߡСŮҲܳΪѣǲС
Ժ־һ鷿һһ裬һ֧̣˿ʼֵ
־ƸһȥݵԺһһ漴ϻָ˳̬ʾףء־ƶ豭һڣȻ˵Ӧû㲻ȥ
һҲܿģĵ˵ϰ壬ף㣬һٳΪίίǿʵʵڵ쵼
־˵Ҳûʲôˣ˼ںڼ䣬еѾһЩעνŵĻᣬҲǻһϾڷ˼Ҳôһ¡
һ־Ƶ˼ڳίȻΪ󣬵ԽΪУҲ̫ķܾǳ˵ųжȣΪɫͥģÿһŵ÷ǳʵףɽ¶ˮһ̨һίίףԺٵҲǳ㡣ʱΪһḶ́ڻĹһԱжǿɵжôɫҪ뾹ǷǳҪġ
ߺ󣬺Ӧò̫ı仯˼Ϊ־ƳԴһĳ˼ķչͷܺãί˼һҪȥټ϶ֵͦԡ־˵ʱ򣬿ͣ·Ըһյһ˼Ƶġ
һ˼Ժ־˵ϰ壬֪ˣسǻһǺѽ
־ص˵ͷŻ˵ôˣһܻе˼ģһ䣬ȴе棬ʵһ˵ôͣѵ־Ƶ˼һǲڱԹ˵
ϰ壬ǣҵ˼һҲ͸ŶˣԴ˵Ӧһ¡һæ͵ɲϣϰԼ˼
С滹е־Ц˵Դ˵ȷʵǸ顣ҪǿսһĻһǵԭ̤ˣ˵ȴһõϢ˽ܾͲ˵ˣǶҲֹ죿־ڼ뿪У˵ҲȽϷŵÿֱָա
ǺǣЩǳ֥ùӵˣ˵֮Ȫ͵ˣҲǸؼˡǣŶԣгһЩСƽϵġһػش
־΢ЦŵͷӰ칫л̣Լһ֧Ȼغӵݸһһӹ̺Ժûæ̣վΪ־ƵϻȻŸԼ̵
Ժ־Ƽ˵ŷ飬֪𣿡
һȻҡҡͷʵһֱʣֻûҵʵĻᣬϾŷٵĹϵǣŷҲԼˡһȥ˴Ӧеʲô顣
־ư̻ҵ䵽̻ҸȻ˵콻һЩ飬й˵ⲻ󣬵ҿǻһáͬ־һֱֻǲģټҲСˣߵĿѾˣԽλᣬһ¼⣬ҲǶиˡҪʱĻȥϣܹ⡣
һ⻰ԺˣŷԼһ㻹ûие֢ڣҲڼء־һƬģһ˳Ŀ־Լȷʵŷύ˵ԼȥӦҲ˵ùȥԼһֱ־ƵˣҲǸгˣ˵ӦûеģһԭһԸԵģǾ־Ѿŷ֮Ĺϵȥ˵ŷֿӦòҪĻϰһòԼһ£Ͼ֣ĹϵǷǳ׽ġ
һؿ־ֻۣھغȲ裬ԼղŵĵǶģĻϰһġһվΪ־ˮȻ˵ϰ壬ģҾȥŷϯһһƬĵġ
ǵأؼڱңҾ֪ˡ־ƿĵ˵λͬ־ɹǺе뷨ģڳؽеʱǳ˲ٵôҲܺġ
һصص˵ͷ־һۣ룬һҧ˵ϰ壬и⣬֪
ǺǣֻĶѣʲôģ־һ˵
Ǻǡһ壬ץץͷװΪѵ˵콻ŷôôģûᵽˣ
־Ȼ֪һе˼˵ǣ΢еͷˣ֪˽ܵĹϵȻŷ⣬˽ôûκء־ƿһһ˵ֱĿǰΪֹûнϵˡ
һҲ֪ԼǶһʣҪ콻˽ĶΪеϴ󣬲˹ŷ飬ȷʵܲһ뵽⣬ϲɵ¶һ˿ŭ
־ƿЦЦ˵żҪƱж񱨣ǲʱδʱһһнԱ
һЦŵ˵ͷ⻰˵еΨĵĳɷ֣عһȷʵܲš
־ҲЦЦȻ壬˵Ժӣ˵һҪĿ飬ڵȥʱӦ˵򼶲ϣ㽻ĴǺģҲҪ͡
һȻ־ƻָϰߺ󣬲˽ܡǶԼԸǵһ֡Ļ£Ҫѹɺã˵һϾĿ飬һҲΪ
ϰ壬ģһᾡҵܣѹõġһ˵
Ĺ棬ҵ̫ĵģ⼵Ը񡭡־˵ͣһ½˵ҲǸˣһؼ˵ѾһĲˡΪ֮ΪҪʲô
ʵԼ룬ҲΪ顣һѿڶ
ʲôأĹ٣־Цʵ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ѽԼʲôأѵΪĹ٣һֱΪԼȷڱϰ͵һ˵治֪
־ƿһЦȻĹҲû˵ʿǺʿԺ󣬾иĻȨҲ˵ģΪңΪϰǶ顣־ƶ豭һڲ裬Ȼ˵˵Ŀ꣬ҽֵ̽ͨռĿĹ̡֪ʶûУʱ飬ǷǴ˼˵ģǵ˵Ҫѧӹ֮˵仰Ժ־ƿ˿һ·˳˼
־ƽ˵Ϊ֮ľ棬ʵԼ󻯣ǹؼҲĿꡣڴ˹УǲųòЭЩǲԣ̫ںһʱĵʧҪ۳ԶʱֻҪ㹻ˣһҪϡ
һ־Ƶһ˵ˣôҲ벻ϰȻԼ˵һͷκġȻȫ⣬ǳϰһΪԼãæ˵ͷ־˵ϰ壬֪ˣһ˵ô࣬һȥԺúõһ£ȥ㱨


ڶʮ г칫
Сӻҿģǻ㱨ġ־Ц˵Ҹղ˵ģƽʱԼĸҲмﳤĽ̵ϣܶǲܹͷҲҪ̧ͷ졣
⻰һΪȻص˵ͷһ£Ҫ־ƣҲʱίһСԱĶΪλԺյĸгԶһ˵ǱģҲǱزٵġ
һ־ƼԺ󣬸пĶ࣬ϳԺ󣬷һȻŤԿסϰĻȷʵĴܴЩԭйһֵ߸˵ģҲ֮һֱ־ƵʦһأȻܰĻɶԷ硣ϰҲ뵽ԼٵĴԲһ뵽ԺһȺģ˵ģǲȫͬݹģǺܸжġ
صԺһڻζ־ƸղŵĻڰԼǰȷʵܲ־ˣ˽ܺǶֱί˵ȷʵһϢϰҲǿ͸ԲԼҪע󻯣ϧǽЭ뵽ԺһеϰһƬˡ
¶ʮԺ󣬺еµڳ䶨־ϵݣίίΪʵ쵼Ժ˽ܺǶԸԳظһֱΪίǺгﳤҵŷȥ˴Ļᣬһ˳гҲʵʵǰһ
ίǴ̩Դصεģԭ̩Դص֯β֪λе·˳ϺеֵıһǴ־ƴ֪λθǵģκͣʮͷӣ긻ǿʱ򡣾־ƵϢƣߵʡ·λзҲ
μ°ӵĵһγίԺǶصи֪ͨλгٿг칫ᡣƴҵԺԭĸһ©ΪΡ˵ֻһ֮ȴŲͬѰ壬֮ǰƴ˽ܵƫ̻ίֱһ˰죬⸱λҲһ裬ûʲôôûеˣؼܲȥһ£һʮߡˣһʮŮ˵ָֻţܾúܣ
һӵ֪ͨԺһ룬ǶĿģȻλгķֹĿǰԼӦ÷ֹԭﳤҵһ飬ϣӦòΪﳤҵ֮ǰǷֹؽģǿίίλáĽһ룬ֻϣֹܷһЩʵһĿӣ׳
ʵںʵģҲǴҶȡģһصȻһӬͷСأҲءͬ⣬һٸ˾ͻһٸͬ뷨οǸгֹĴ¡
ֹλг˵һֱҪģֻһЩп޵ĲţĻȨ֪Ҳ˸гԺ󣬷ֻ֮ǰֳίʵڵԭء
һ뵽ٲõĻ֮ǰﳤҵķֹũ徭áˮʳҵȸҲУÿԺĻľҵʱ˵߳һس
뵽Ժһ̹Ȼˣ˵ˣгǼȳʵģǶʲô뷨Ҳ޿κΡ˵ֹʲôģԸôҲ󣬷ֻҪ湤ʲôģŸóģǻġ
Ƕڿг칫֮ǰļСʱǷǳæµģ˵һֱǺ֣ߵĹǷǳİġڼ˼˺ܾãڷֹ⣬ôŶûйϵΨһһҪصաСǲ˹ʺˣһǰ㱻ȥˣȻڳΪгˣҪٲ³ҪԼͷȥ㲻һֱ־Ƶ˼쵼ûа취ҾͲŻ㲻ëͷСӡ
뷨ԺǶæźͼгнԺⲻΪ׼ǷֹܵĿӣԶٵĽһ˼ΪǶһЩ뷨ҪͨԶٵĹ˵һŮͬ־һ޵ʿϾһʸĸؼкҪǲǰ棬ʱĻ治̫ճ
ԶٵĽǶ֮еҪΪ˳ʵֹʲô˵治ʲô˵飬Ҫ޷ǾһءһŮͬ־ûпɽҲûʲôڵܵڵλϣѾ֪ˡǶΪسڿ֮ǰ֮Ҫǻ֪˵Ļɾе˵ȥˡҴȥţȥ⣬ʵ˭֣ûʲôˮ鷳ϣĳ̶ֳ˵֮ء
Ƕ˹ͨԺ뵽ﳤҵ⣬λ־ڵʱһģʱ᲻վΪС˵ɲòǶãҲûð취ڶﳤҵеΪλڲǳгί˶ˣĿǰķչã쵼ʱ˱䶯
˽ܾĵӣҲҲкҲãﳤҵڿһ飬飬˵ˡ˵ο۷ֹ飬ﳤҵԣҲûʲôϾѾƱĶԶȲʤȯ
г칫¥г칫ԱߵСٿӵʱǶ׼ʱ˻ңʱλгѾԼλˡһΪһβμԵʣǶʱվӴкЦŵ˵ͷǹȥˡ
һط֣ǶֻǳԼɨһۣȻͺ˴кˡһѵһѵԼ֮Ȫ飬ҪĻһۿ̫СˡҪ˵ǵĻԼطûеòڽеԼɫƣϾ°ӵĵһλ顣
ǶԺ΢ЦɨһȦ˵гίǽֻ˰뼶оǲһôţҲ˼ҵĸ֣гɾͲһˣʵʵһ֡һڱ˸ǰţòУ⣬Լϴ˭Ҳ񶨲˵ġ뵽ԺǶ¶һ˿׾Цݡ
ȿȣͬ־ǣǿʼᡣǶһɤӣ˵ڿ֮ǰΪҽһ³ԱʵҲʶԭĵίһͬ־
һæվҵ˵ͷǴ˸кȴһ󲻿죬Ƕʲô˼ܾͽܣΪʲôƫƫԭȵְ񣬸ɴҲԼ֮ǰ˵һ˵ˬ
ͨСϸڣһѾоǶԼܲðǲףԼԹ޳ôͲķˡ˵ûԵ޹ʵذޣҲȻʱеĪǶԼ̬Ϊϲ񣬻иεԭһԼԺһʺţϣĻ
Ƕһﳤҵ˵Ҷˣκ˱仯ȻҲӦǿһ¡˳ƽﳤҵķֹЭгȫλĹﳣίﳤҵͬ־ؽĵίǣ𿪷ȫ湤
ֹûʲôԺ겻ѣ֮ǰﳤҵĺ棬ڴ־ƵߣڿǷɻڴٷԼˣ˽ܺ氰ǰı꣬ͷȻԭ̤ǲ²ʶ»Ȼ
ﳤҵûж˵ʲôȻ뷨Կһ˼棬ڲ졣֮ǰ浣ģ־ˣ˽ܺǶ᲻Ҹڣѿȥںٳ˶֪ǿ⡣ǰôĸȥԺҲ˳ɼʱˣҸʱ򣬱ǿժӣﳤҵı֪


ڶʮ 㶦
ﳤҵ־ж֮ǰ⣬ʱ־ƾͱ̬һ취ġ־ںĵһڣҲϣǶ˽ܸ̣ˣԲ˺ί˵Ƿ
ǶĿԺ󣬾Ϳʼʽᡣÿ˶֪⣬ǹڸ˵ķֹΨһǳһ⣬˶Ѿ֪ԼķֹܵĲšڿʱ򣬰עؼеһϣֻһǶĳƪۡ˵֮ǰѾˣܸЩţҪҵҵȥ÷ڵĹ˭ûе˽ģοǺԼص飬ĹעӲ֮е顣
Ƕ˵ϻʱ˹ģ˵˷ֹʱȴǸɾ䣬˵ıֲ䣬Զͬ־ֹĻ硢ų桢֡Ƽ֪֡ʶȨ֣֡һͬ־ֹܽʳƷҩƷܣԼάȡŷõȷ湤һûӦʱѾʼѯˣҶԸղŵķֹʲôпˡ
һڷ㶵ĵڣ͵ؿﳤҵʹһɫŷӦæ˵ге뷨
һͬ־˵Ƕ΢Ц˵룬ҿ˵ʲôܲ˵ҵޣʤΰɡĻɲԼ־ƵҲ޹⡣
һǶֻĿ⣬Լ˵һҪע⣬ҪǼһĵ뵽Ժϵıһͬ΢Ц˵ΪһˣҺܸл쵼Σѹ˵ӣ֪ǶҵĹ밮
꣡һ˵ʱԶһûסֱЦǶŭصһۡԶҲ֪Լʧ̬ˣæʧ˼г㲻ҪģҲЦ㡣
⻰һ˵ڣĿתƵǶϣԶѾ˲ЦһЦ˭أĿǰΪֹһ⣬Ƕ٩٩̸һ
ԶҲʶԼ⻰ë˵ȥĻóȥˮһ㣬ջǲˣֻúͷ޲ҸضȥʱǶҲŭѣȴ㷢һһۣ˵гûУ˵
һϵЦݣɫ˵гλͬʣղҲܵǸմģ˵ҲнҽĹΪίǣӦ֪Ǻ漰ġһҷֹȫеĹ¹˴ҵ
гɹ𣬶һЩµ򣬵ȴȥԣģɲܴùѽǶ˵⻰˵еǣǿһһӻҲʲôʵĻз
гһͬ־ĻҲδûеﳤҵ˵ʱСϺúģⷽӦвľ飬ǲǿԿһ¸˵سس֮ǰֹܽʱ򣬳ɼҲͻ𣡡
ﳤҵ⻰мַȥֻھ£ʵȴָ˼һԷҵӪϤ˲ĳɼȴ为Զٱúúõģȴƫƫ˵úһ㣬ҵԧף˵òһ㣬㴿Ϲ㡣
ﳤҵĻÿ˶Ծѣ벻ڵһг칫ϣгͰгĻӲض˻ȥֱӴѽΪһһﳤҵֱӰǶˣôǲֵãҲﰵԲ¶
ﳤҵʵԼ뷨־һģȻ־ˣ˼ǸˣάõĹϵԼ޺˵ϵ־ƵŦû˭ǰ츱гΪˡ־֮ĹϵǳܣԶԶϰ֮ĹϵһյǳǶԵǿ˳ۣʱʩԮ֣һ°빦ЧҲǹٳϳ˵˵ﳤҵĵλһߣΪһǿı˵Ҳܹġ
Ƕ֮ǰ뵽ֹԺﳤҵܻһ˵û뵽ǣԷ̬ȾȻǿӲɾҪӱעˣѲһηֹˣӰ쵽滰ȨĴ¡ǶòײϽλãΪƨȻĽȨá
׼˵ʱһǰ濪ˣֻԶٿﳤҵһۣ˵гֹּ˵ʲô߲ģԼǿѧϰҸոʱʲôҲղŵ˵ģ⼸껹еɼֹܿڿǺݵһ㣬ʼʱ򣬻һĨڣڲҲɵ÷ˮġ
Զ⻰Ժﳤҵһӻ治֪οڣһ棬ﳤҵԭԷһٵӱԣûκε⣬Ի޴֡
ﳤҵĴԸٵתŮ˽ʲô˼һɶǳ͵³ĶǶģȷʵԸ⸺ӡҪǺߣˣҪǰߵĻɵõˡ
Ժ˽ܵˣȻһţԶֵǶһɾʹڷǳĵλˡһгͷһίǳڸԵĸλ֣һĻغùӳԡһҪӣбҪҸʱ䣬һͨһ¡
ﳤҵٺŮ˾ڲ£ѹϵ㽩ˣһǵѡ
ԶٵķԺԺǳ⣬ǵӡУг칫ϣŮ⻹ǵһΡȻЩ⣬ȴ֮ãɽۻĵ˭֪ء
ǶԶٵĻԺ󣬷ǳģƨŲŲ豭غڲ衣ڴﳤҵķ𷴻ĻͿֱվԷӭͷʹӶһȷϴλȻʧǣԶٵĻ˵ԺӣﳤҵûٿڣǴ´ͳһһ֧ԹԵس
ڴ˹Уһ׼˵ģڿڵһ˲䣬ﳤҵҡҡͷ˷Ե뷨
ؼǵã־ں̸ʱ򣬲ֹһεѹԺҪг̣ǹ棬档ϰȻ˵Ȼĵ
Ƕ˺þãԲ˷ԣﳤҵһ˫գԺЦЦشˡǶʧ˵ڸղŵķֹһʲô˵ģղгĻͺ뷨˵Ժͣ˻ͷﳤҵָյˣϣܼﳤҵķﳤҵȴɮ붨ǰ˫豭·ŻƵģǶĻǳš
Ƕ״ʧֻ㬵˵ȻҶûʲô飬Ǿող˵İ졣гҪʲô׵ĵطԶԶг̣߳Ůǿˡ
гԶгƺһб߿佱֮ʣԶһ¡ҲԸղԶٳһرɣͶ֮ң֮ܳõغȥ˽ǰ϶ˡ
״ﳤҵ̲סԹԼȱľѽҪȻҲ˱־Ժ󣬲ͷˣҪˣҪøĻȨֻнսⲻ벻⣬ΪⶫΪ˵Ըı䣬˵ĵطͻнǼȻڽУȻɼ
ֹԺǶʼ糣ίľ飬Լ˲áǳĻ̣ȻۣٶȺܿ졣
Ƕ˵ԺﳤҵǲʲôҪ˵ġﳤҵǲ׼˵ģڸı⣬˵ûӪķϻǶ״ڲѣҲһ벻ﳤҵȻ治ⷢӣ˸һ㡣һ￴ǺеҰĵģԺһҪע⣬ô˵ֻˣֱܳ


ڶʮ 
ɢԺǶһ˻ңԶĺ棬Ȼԣһﳤҵ˺档ųŵļƣ˾Ƴǵ͵㶦Ҷһ飬治һ˼
ﳤҵİ칫ҺǶһ¥⻹ظҲ¥һǼгİ칫ңڶ¥Ķߡ¥ݿڵʱﳤҵС˵һгʱСһ¡
һæ˵׼гģûʱ䣬ţ㵽ʱ͹⡣
ﳤҵ΢Ц˵ãǾ͹ˡ
гˣܸӣСܸмһæ˵
ﳤҵûڶ˵ʲôֻһļ£ȻתԼİ칫ȥ
һ¥֮ʣƳиţӻԺؿذͷ˹ֲﳤҵתȥءǷӿѽ粻ֹǾ͸ɴˣһһһ¥һﰵ
ص칫ԺһϳԷ飬˽ٷǱѰ˵ǽҲеˣҲ춨һĻɡ˵֮ǰͬһӪģ򽻵ʱ򲢲࣬еôΣһʱ򣬴ϰﳤҵϵġʱȻܺ͵ᲢˣһҲ̤ܹﳤҵƽȽƽ̨ˡ
Ȼ⣬ǳԷصѡɾҪˣ϶УĻ̫ˣҪǱ˿һᵳӪ˽ñӣǿпѱ硣Ҫٹʱ䣬ȥСϺǺܺõѡ񣬲ʱڻ̸һ⻹ĺᣬһӻҲһҺʵķ꣬ܲȥ·̯Ҳ̫ϵˡ
˼˺һԺһԼϹӵư׷ˣﳤҵԷȥĶˡ뵽Ժһһ࣬ԼԺⷽһҪע⣬ΪˣǺУɲ֮ǰǣ˵㣬ҶΪģɾһ¡
һ绰ͨﳤҵ칫ҵĵ绰ﳤҵһһģЦʵʲô顣
һͬ΢Ц˵г㿴ҸյزģԷҲطⲻ绰һ¡
ﳤҵ󣬲˴ĴָһģӸλ˵ӦñȽӴȴûаĽ֮˵¶ǳϵһҲֻһʮëͷСӡ˵꣬ĶҲ꣬ȻΪ˸Լӡѹ־˵ЩСϸڶǵ˵λȻû˵ġ
ﳤҵЦ˵ɣһгǿһζζҪһȥ
ŶǸã˵㲹ӣӸպе㲻ãǺǣһЦ˵°ԺҾֱӹȥˣǼζݾλǡ
ǿίĺ棬ζݣ㵽Ǿܿﳤҵ˵
ţһʵǲǲվֳıÿǼң
ԣԣг֪ѽվֳıÿǼҡﳤҵæ˵ȴ뵽һô֪أ֪ĻͲȥˣһҲ޷ڻѳˣҲֻͷˡ
ҺվֳȥǱʶһ°࣬Ҿ͹ȥ
ãһﳤҵ˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰
һ׼֧̣ЪͻȻڳֻóһһе⣬ԭĵ绰
ԴϴαױԺһֱһֻе򲻵ѵʱ򣬲Żȥİ칫ҡܿ˵ڰʱһҲûжӹעԹҲϾοйĸհŰţӦûʲô⡣һ벻ףСѾͷ绰ʲô顣һֱ赱ÿֱ׵˵ЩԺһԶԡ˵ģϾ˼˺ŲԸʵγԸ棬ĻҲ˵ο϶ٲ˵ġ
һ˽Ȼ˵ѽþòˣ˵ҲˣĶأ裬ƺһڽӵ绰֮ǰľҪȻһ治֪ôƺ飬ȻԣѾ쵼ĹϵֱƺҲԵ̫һ㣬Ͼ˳Ϧദ࣬˵ˣǶ֮Ҳеˡ
һһ衱ĶԺȫľΪѾװ˷ˣԲŸ绰˹ʲôû˵һ衱ͷһƬհףҡԼˣⶫʱ綾Ʒһ㣬һմϣˣҪû㹻൱ʱ䣬Ǹġ
ԺֳǸÿҹҹԺáϴѧ׷к԰ټƣӦǺţǹԺĸĵλ׷ľкüڴſͻʲôġǾЩ˱ȽǳԼеذӲһֱһԺǰű״򿪡֪ŮԺ貢û̫⣬˵ˮ¥̨ȵ£ƾԼʲô¡
˭֪һﾹľͷһ޶ԣϴͻ÷ʱ򣬻Ϊˣ˭֪󣬾ȻϢˡҲǾһ÷̵۵ģް𡣵ʶ뿪֮ʣ輱ˣǲžףΪֹһΣԲŰѺýüܿϡȥ֮ǰ̯ܿˣ;ʱҸȥһᣬжʱܿϵıǳĹ죬ȵͷӦֺһ㣬Ҳ֪ô¡ʱһԼ飬ûжע⡣
˭֪Ȼһءءǿ޵ýһңֱذ޹⡣
ιι裬Ķأô˵һûгæʵ
顭Ŷһһ磬أ˵⻰Ժߺ졣֮ôУΪһ˵һֱÿԼһ㡣
Ŷݸأһæʵܿ˵ĹҲˣȥĸţôҸϢʱҺȥ㡣
ллһ磬ҵˣί졣ոձ绰һ˵
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һ磬ú𣿡Ͳﴫʻ
ѽԺʲôϢҾܵһʱ֪ˣȻǺѽ˵ǰɣһʵȻ֪ʻ˼װƣôء
ǰɡ˵⻰˵Ժ˶ٳԺ˵һ磬æɣʱʱٴ绰㡣Ҫ˽ʲôϢĻҲԸҴ绰
ã裬֪ˡ˵⻰ԺһѸٵعҶ˵绰
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һҶϵ绰Ժ̱ϣԺһֱֱ裬֪Լ˺СȻžƾͼܿɽʩ꣬ȴûа֮ġҶǳˣȻ飬Ӧ㹻ܿҲɷ֮һûаǸ⡣˵ʵʱ£ǺͿģܿѵģ˳ĽУ˵Ըģʱͷۻ״̬ҪŶ룬Ǿ޿ܵġ
ԴһǸңȻԼ޷ҪģǾͲҪȥǣ⵽ʱ뱻ΣΪյԭһ治ܲ˼֣Ǻеίίϵ


ڶʮ ѡ
һ£һĶֵϣ˭Ըȥ죬ǲǳԱ˳ŵ˳صί죬Ҫûں淢žԲ˵˳ʵ֡
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г˼ˡ˵߰۾ƣģ飬㿴糿ʱʾһ˾飬ʱһ˵˾֮ǰģ°ѹϵ˵飬иȰɫ
Ŷкõѡˣһʵ
һʣæЦ˵иСӲȥմݴѧҵг㿴г˹ڴ֮⣬Ӷϸղŵ˲١
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쵼Ѿ˵ˣҲ˵ʲôˣֻڨڨ˵һ䣬Ǻðɣ쵼ʾ˵⻰ʱʧ֮ĥ䵽ڲŹһٽ°࣬ϸʣġ˭֪˼ҲһףҲûа취ˣֻ˵ˡ
һͷغԺǰȥֻǰ棬ӣдʧ֮⡣һ뵽ѵƼ飬ʲôϵ˽һ£ô¡
ʱûиϾϵûźãе㲻ײģ춼һԼȻ۵㣬ڷ㡢ɣеþʧ⻰һҲ
һе·ߣζȥؽԺı仯ȷʵܴ󣬺һֹһΣ˵жûˣӡǱȽ̵ģû̫ľͿζݡ
Ҫ֮ǰѾﳤҵһ治Ұǰɵķׯյ·СϵؽԺȷʵ˵طõķչԣһաֻšдɷ裬ζݡдйоصģһһãȥ˾ú
һͣóԺֻһŵŮڰ̨ߵǽϣϰŪֻżƣڷšһ׼кŮѾһֻ˳´һţ첽ӭгãǵСûˡŮӱܷܷ֣΢Ц˵
һһգҲЦ˵þòˣ벻ϰ⣬ȻôĹģҪǸղгңǴſ·ƶһһ˵ɨһۣоﳤҵϰ֮Ӧе飬ԼղʱѿڶҵԼʾʶʱﳤҵе㲻̫Ȼ
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гʲôĵأЦʵ
һһ࣬ŮӲԹɫɲһ㣬æЦ⣬ɫ˵ûУֻ˵վֳһʱ龰ʱڿ˼ҵĲѽ
һĻſĲѣڿڣЦ˵г̧̫ˣС⣬ӡĶʱ򣬺ǵɣѾΪгˣԺС⡣
һ룬Ķֵģϻǿ˵һһһ£ֲһ䣬ֻ࣬ѽ
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һŶԷһƣȻ棬ȥԺһ⻹Ǹڣѩ׵ǽڣƷ͵ĵƹ⣬ӲҪʮĻƱȽϽԵС䡣
һԺִ˵ӻȻת˳ȥ漴иСԱһ衣Ҷ䲻̫ãڷܺȵģҲ㲻ˡһ߿ӣƷ裬ͷĥ˸ղŵķ֣ǹﳤҵŵ顣
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ɷϵ˵һʧ֮УҲ֮飬˭Ը˺أһңҵػ̨ĻϾʲôȴһ֪
ŵʮңﳤҵŽˣһæվӭӣһߺȻؽӹϵİ¼ϡ
Ժʲôţﳤҵ˵ӡԺһһ֧̣ȻΪﳤҵϻ˿ʼ
ﳤҵľܳһ֮⣬˺һƿҺԺȻûһ㡣һæ÷Աһƿ˵ٶȶˣһǺ˲ˣһôԶԲΪ˺ȾƵġ
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һǳ䵱һߵĽɫֻھĵطһ⣬ȻҲоﳤҵһλ˵ԺһﳤҵӦǸĻнΪԲǽƾϰľˣŬӦ˵ռ˾
ǽ˵ĻϣԶٺݺݽһղʱһƵӣ˵˵Ŀ졣Ҫ˵飬ǾԲܵģγгԺμӵĵһг칫ᣬͱ˴˭ġ
ϰѹԼʧûйϵؼҪгʧܵڲתΪʤʱ򣬲װʲô¶ûзѵﳤҵѾ˵ľ磬һﰵʵ޷ҵ𰸣ʱﳤҵȷʵûаͷɵøֳž
һﳤҵһȻ˵гиһ£ղ°ʱиƼһˣ飬֪ԴǷ˽⣿һ˵ע۲ﳤҵ沿飬˵ֵʱԼüëһɫ
ﳤҵһӺյⶫӲզģζȷʵû˵ҲǳۡζݵǰʱմģĲƫԷ˷ӦǳҲһĺȻǲԭ򣬾Ͳö֪ˡʼʱŻΪĸнֱۣӵ᲻ΪǮˡֲˣ˳˻Ҫһȥ


ڶʮһ ѧ
һﳤҵڣҲż棬һӺ˵ģģζǲ
ζôﳤҵʵ
һ͵һʣûӦͣ٣æȷʵ㣬ҳԹĵУҪŵһˡ
Ǻǣʵôﳤҵص˵
ܺѽǳʣζҲܺáһȻﳤҵǲ⣬ػش
¹֮ǰǷǳģֻҪһлᣬͻͷӪҪ֮ززﳤҵ˵ּһӣһ£е㿿ɽ㻹׵ظ㶨𣿡
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ãˬ죬ֵܣϸϲˬ˴򽻵ˣ˵꣬ҲƱһӣѾƺȸɾﳤҵʱҲľԣһľǳ֮⡣֮ǰʱȻΪ־ƴؾƣչֵıϾһ۰צ죬һһĺȣ˭ҲûͶȡɣȥˡ
ﳤҵ¾Ʊ󣬵˵ҿ㻹˰ɣϣʲô
գһѿڶˣղﳤҵһֵ˵ǡģ˽ֶܱܵҲȽӣҪȻĻﳤҵáһȥ
뵽ԺһԺֳ˽ܵĶӣԴϴκúõرʰԺһ͵࣬ϰ˳ΪеһˣСβ͹ֻˡһ̣Ц
лϸָ㣬ҪȻֵܾܿͱˡһ΢Ц˵ҵԺ쵼ǻǺܹѽһչ˹һ֮ܳУ֪αźѽ
ﳤҵһĻ׼в˵Ŀ£뿪Ц˵ҪŬѽһҪɳóҪȻԲ쵼ǵĹ밮
һﳤҵĻԺ󣬡ꡱһЦﳤҵһˣȻԼĻӡһݹһ̸֧ﳤҵվΪϻȻ˵ֵҲɳóһĨڣԺϸָ㡣
ﳤҵæ˵⻰˵ö⣬ǻȡͬҪ˵ָ㣬ǻҪָǣʱ䣬һȥݣϰĽ̻塣
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һһƳǰտյľƱ͵ؼղ˸ɱԺòһֱͿţûеϣվ׼ơʱͻȻƿˣֻŽˣһһеľƿʵλг˶ˣǵһƿǵڶƿ
һﳤҵͷԲˣûпڣЦ˵ϰҲ̫СǵĻˣôᵽڲźһƿء
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ȻĶǳΣǱһ׽ˣǾ˿ģ˼Ժ΢ЦŶ˵ϰɾͲˣĶģ׼˺ȾƵĵ
űһһ˵ɫߺ죬֮䲻֪𣬴æ俪˵гиѪѹΪǵ룬˵Ѿ˲ˡ
ϰг˽ѽٺ٣һЦŵˣͷ͵ǰ֪ôػﳤҵľ̬˵ϵܣ˼ϰ忪ˣҲ˲ˣϸȷʵеˣҪ͵ɣúúȡ
ãȻϸ緢ˣֵܾ͹ˡһЦ˵ϰվѽ޵㷹ûȵλɴˡһԲԸŹͨš
͸ɣԺ󣬳θæ˵ǰŵˡȻǳһ˵ġﳤҵ󣬵˵ͷʾӦʡ
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ﳤҵټԺһݣһɫɣɣֻ³˵ĸоȷʵ֮ǰܲһڼٵʱ򣬽żһ㣬ͳȥˡ
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ں˲ٵľƣһʮֵľɻǲУھƾ£׳嶯һע⳵پˡһϵԼٶȷ㣬Чûа취ֻù棬һʮǿ̧ţɿţסˡ˵ٶ˵㣬ȫõ֤ˣǽԺ󣬶濪ĳԶƷǳۣҪǳٿĻĺ׳¡
صԺһϿˮȻ˵ӻס⣬иѾ㱨ˣ˵׼ҪͿ԰ȥˣί¥307ҡ
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һıһǳջǾиΪһں켣ˣ㲻֪ܲ˽ܰǸԼ飬ǰʲôġǱƲ䵱˵͵ģʾҲˣҲڳԿһǳ׵ص˽ܣԺںĹУһҪģһʵʵڵСˣΪ˴ﵽίĵĿģȻڿӸгˣԺлĻڽ£÷̫ɶˡ


ڶʮ ô
뵽ԺһֻѪ֮УһֱΪϰԺ˽ܡǶԼСЬ벻ȻЩèҲ˳˾ÿЦһڸ̾նͬʱԼȻҲ˶־һֱĵؼԺǷܴӦԡ֮ǰĵģȫǶģԼҲ˺¶ݵһ˵Ҳһش֣ѹֶ˵˵ǱҪϼġ
ڶһ磬һյ칫ң͹ˣһãȻЦʵг飬֪㿼ǵôˣû֣һѵĹһǷĲ£Ҫǡг֪ĻҪˡ˵⻰ʱѡǡҧúأ˵Ժ󣬻̧ͷһһۡ
һûпڣִ̺ͳһ֧ߡ׼ǰһΪһѴҡҡȻԹԵصϻҲк̡һŨصԺԲڣĿضסţ·ҪƵġһûк̣⴫ݵһʲôźţһǳ
ʱģлëĸоһ˵ȷһţ͹ƵԷ϶ȥ̽ݡȻĻ͵ĵ˵ǲ˸ղŵһ˵ǡȻһ˽֮䲻ԸΪ־ڵʱ־Ѿȥݣ˽Ϊίǡ£һһССĸгôܻ˽ܽأ
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ڿһıֺô£治֪ĸгôģкίǿɡ뵽⣬ĵ̧ͷٵɨһһֻۣһƬɫ𣬿һ沿飬ȻҲ޷֪˿̵뷨
Σʲô⣬ί滹мλʮͬ־ͷոյ֮ʣһ͵ؿʵ
СʲôȻ֮䣬ûͦһ⣬æǸ˵г˼еˣղ˵ʲô˵⻰ʱֻú󱳶ˣҲ֪䣬ˡ֡һνһơ
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ôδܹ裬ȻǲˬȴãһһϾǸг˾һԼ˵û쵼˵쵼΢ȻҷƢǿʵ˵ȥ
һʻԺæ˻شи⣬ˣֱɡ̡ѧһ󣬶˵˵ļùҿһ
ӦһԺ󣬿첽һİ칫˳һҲԸ˵˼ʵ̫׽͸ˣһʱ·˵־Ƶģʹֻʵػش⣬ĸоʵ̫˱ˡȻһڻؾ飬˹Ŀ࿴Ҳ֪˽ı飬뵽Ȼ²͸˽ܰһڣһԿ϶˽ܶ»ǷǳĵģźǣȻ治֪ô㱨ء
Ҫ˵֮ǰ˽ǺûкøеģǽлƴҵɧɲģҲͰˣȻԼͷȥδԺĿһٰʮȵת䡣Լĵһ飬Ͱˣ治֪ν
ص칫Ժ˼ãȥίһˣ±뵱ǽһ£ĻӰԼ쵼ĿеĿһ飬ҲԼʱɡ뵽Ժվ¥Ժίȥ
һߵߵСǰ棬׼ˮݲ裬͵ؿ첽ίڵһ¥ȥһ뵽ȥˣһ᲻죬һǸҲûУ治֪ôίεġ
ίǰ칫ǰֻ˽ܵС칫棬ڿһӡкԺ󣬵֪˽أæŵ߹ȥšֻ洫һϵСĵƿ˽ȥӣЦⲻһ͵ū뵽
Ժ˽ϾþûжһС̫֪ߵغˣҪ˽ܺ޺޵뵽˽֪һûԺҵðŸ顣Ҳһ£ɣ˽ܺһмģ˵־ƵˣʱѾԶˣһⱻǶáôһĿģ־ƱϾΪ쵼Ҹ̨׻һ±˴˵Ĺϵ˭ҲԸһίίʷ⣬ܴĻͰ
벻СӾȻףǲˬĳ̶ֳ˵ֱӴ˽ܵΪеһԺ⻹ǵһΣ˽ǳˬʱˣԼֶӸһĶˣǾǼԱƿס
ٽʱŰɡ̡ѧ˵͸һһļõԺ󣬵˵һ䣬εĹæѽ֪ҾԼȥˡ
⻰Ժֻϻģذ۾ƣ˶Ժ˵г˼ղгеңԵһᣬ㲻Ҫ֡ﰵ뵽ٱҴҲ÷ʲôҲ˹ٱ
һɫһ˵ҿгɣһ¥ҲҰɡεǿҲɵϵʱ򣬺ξģȸίָĹҿξ;߱˸ίи߹˲ѽ˵ʱһ¶Цݡ
һĻԺúһ󣬰һȻǲˬȴҲκһ仰ԷһȻѾղȥίǱߵģ֪Ͳ˵гʲôĹˡ
һİ칫˳ԺæԼԺһСгˣȥᣬԲһƲ硣ǰˣԺҪӱСģϾ˾ĹľǹٴһѹˣǧΪһʱѺòײŻ쵽ֵиθŪˣĻᡣ
Ǹ߹ԼһŲϺţղֻôһ벻һﾹȻǶ̧˳һŽѵ䡣
Ժһ뵽˵ǶǶԹҲδþͻʡ
ԴӺﳤҵԺһĿǰʽкѵʶ˵־ߺһϵشίкüߵˣҪһ˽ܺǶδؾƿصסһΪؼأ˽ǶͲΪҵӦþӪˣ֮ͻΪԭ־ߵ˷˫£Ķ˽ܺǶǳҪѹסԷȡԭ־һϵ˵İ
һһ˦˦ͷЩԼ̫ϵ뷨ŵԺ󣬵һ֧Ժ󣬰עеǰϡѧʱһעסˣһͬգһ̫ˣѧѧһҲǫ顣
һϸؿ˿ѧľǽʦѧĽʦѧѧѧһǻʡصѧͶѧٮٮߣͬĵ̵ִȻҲǽʦеٮٮߡ


ڶʮ Լ
ѧܴӽʦһԾûʲǫ̂ĻǾǸɶõ˲š뵽ԺһѾȽˣֻ֪ͨҪûʲô⣬Ǿˡ
һﻹһ뷨ԼֹܽϴѵĿӣ棬һ֪ҪимֵĻǿܹҪࡣ϶и˵ǽʦҽˣƫƫɫԼˣһе㵨սľĸо
һļԺ绰ί졣׼֪ͨѧģղŵǸͲһӣƫƫиĸʱûѡﳤҵŸελãҶֻ֪Ǹʽѡ
绰ͨԺ󣬾ȻһŮιã칫ңλ
ãһһò˵
ãгʲôԸŮ˹ʵ
һ⣬΢Ц˵ѧͬ־ҵİ칫һ£е顣
Եȣأ
ãллˣһ˵Ҷϵ绰ԺһԸղŽӵ绰Ů˺ģܾʶһ벻ĶϤŮһӡܺãҪǻһһ˵ĻһȽԼ棬ȻŻʲô顣Ͼи죬Ҳʲôʱܽӵгĵ绰ģοһոεĶʮĸг
ĹٳΪҪһϲ٣˵ǰ;˭ҲԸ׵ǣȡεð취һӦ߽ԱŮ˾ȻһƽĶԴĲò˹Ŀ࿴
ӹһһ֪һѧˣ뵽֣̿סĸоһӣϵıƽˣųſ˵һ
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ߵһİ칫ǰվסӣ˵гãиѧ˵ң֪ʲôԸ⻰˵òȱݣҲûйİ֮С
һ󣬺ͣһָо̬ƺܱߵķΧ룬ӦóϮ˵У԰һ΢Ц˵ãѧͬ־
ллгѧ˵Ȼϣһֻ˰ƨɡһ˵ıŤ˵¼ϼʱ򣬼ˣԼҲ⣬֪Ϊʲôܾѧӣ˿ȥرŤ
һʵ̲סˣ˵ûҪôнġȻָָβ
ѧ˼һЦƨŲŲԱǰơ쵼˵ģǿҪǵ˵ĻǾĴˡ˵εгԼѧǷǳĵģ˭֪λгɻûءղŰ칫ҵĳ½תʱĿ֮ɫ˵һ乧ϲѧҲͷһֻ֣Ϲװޱӡ
ߵʱ򣬶˵һ䣬ʲôø˵ģгвһʲô£ЩôֻôЩıĻõԼķ
Ļѧûÿڣһ˽壬ȥֹԺ󣬻ƨ²ֻ֪ڸ칫תƣϲǼƯСİ칫ܽܳҶܲ˽ܸҲǸŭԡǰʱȻûϰ࣬˵岻ãɾڴϿй䡣ǰжʱһ㣬ҲŴ˽ܲϲѶˣıһգ˹
ǰ죬͵ڰ칫˵Ҫˣʱһûע⣬ΪڴţģҲܸ쵼飬ǲǺ𡣺һڰ칫ҵʱһ磬ʱûпڣǴҲţ̬Ȳ͵ĬĻҿԵƨиһ֣̬ȣȻǴٷġ
ѧͷոȼ飬һ˵˱㣬һ·Ժ󣬼ȻΪ飬гԼʲôأ˵ʵг֪Լ֣÷ǳ⣬˸֮ʱðһͷ⣬ڻѾû˺ˡ
һѧ㽻˰СʱҲ˳ֵ˽⡣ѧһƺѧڶ͵ģ˵ʲôԭһʵúܺѧȴش÷ǳгԼô򵥣׵˼˵쵼ҪһһҪ˵˽뵽ԺȻκ
ʱЭϯеԶףθس԰Ž׼顣˭֪˽һţһʲôݼҵĺӰ˽ֻйظ졣ЭϯˣҲͳʽˡ
һǺģ˵ʵ˭ԸһⱳˣͬһӪģҲ⣬˵֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ񿭷ɾһӣϰȥݵʱ򣬻ǰȥˣҲ֪ôͨģӦ˵׿гЧġȥԺ뿪˲ߣȡ־ƵΡˣ˼άΪģǳģٺõҲ⡣
һѧһʵСѽҸ׼ѡһ飬ΰǼ˵϶͹ˣҿһ£׼ȵһʱ䣬֪Σ
ѧһղԤе˽ܻᷢһʲô´һĿ˵֮ʱе㲻ԼĶ䣬һʧȥԭе侲ԴԭȵЭϯԺԼ;ǳʧȥģµػӡͨ⼸ĶĿȾǰһУų⵽沨ֹһεظԼᣬʵȻ޷ı䣬ǾŬӦȻе˶ӦѧûУĻҲֻһµµΪСԱˡ
ı֣һﰵһ֣һһеɵˣǵһ֧̹ȥ˵ôѽ
ǣǡѧ񶨵͵һ̧ͷȻһһ֧̹æվؽӹ̣ȻæͳΪһϻѧٴʱƨԭռĵطҪСһԺ˵гҷǳΪЧֻͣǾ÷ǳ⣬Ϊǰ˵Ѿźˣԡ˵Ժѧѡ˳ĬȻ˼ԼˣԺԼϰˣſڴƻƣӦû֪󵨵˵˳
һɫһȻѧ˼һǸиǿɶ񣬻ûȷ飬Ȼŷˣ˽ֶܵӣһǸҲûеˣôءһ˼Ժ˵Լ飬ֲھȥʰһ£һ͹ûˣǲС
ѧֿ˻װ쳣򾲵ӣվ˵гæȥʰһ£һ͹
һ˵ͷ
ѧȥȻشšһı֣ص˵ͷȻ豭ںղѧڵʱҲû˼ſ˵ѣ֪ʱ쵼Ҳܲס
صиԺѧֱԼİ칫æг˵ˣ̹ȥءæµ֮ʣղתĳת˹ʵѧղгȥʲô£


ڶʮ Ϊ
ѧһЦ˵½㣬гʱȥǱ߹ƽʱи棬ѧͳĵ˵ֻ˼£ƽʱദñȽ϶ࡣ
飿ʵѧ˵ͷٺ٣ףѽʱǹϽһѽѹ˵
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˼Сѧȥгˣܹʲôվ˵ƽʱɾ˺ǲˬ͵˵̸һֱӳԴ
飿ľ֮ɫѧ˵˭ˣǸг𣿡
ĻԺѧ쳣ŭ룬˻һҽҲûУ룬ѹסĵķŭػشгʱȥǱ߹
ļٵģĲ֮ɫٱٴҲȻóνȥ߹Ȼָˡ֮ǰǺ˵úúõģȥһ飬˵ѾиȥˡѵǸƨң뵽
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˳ĻԺʱһӺǶˣֱתȥ
ѧ״æԳ˵½㣬㿴ӣ᲻ʲôѽ
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ǣ½㣬Ҳ˼ѧæ
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һҶϵ绰Ժ󣬾ͳȥѧţһعͷ˵ҵȥһ£ֹʲô顣
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ҽΪˣôǸİ
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ڣףǽտ֣걧˹飬ٺ٣


ڶʮ Jǹͷ
˭ѽ˵ʲô£ǹúӣ¡Ȼʶǰһ
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٣нֵô֪һװʵʵȴЦ˻룬װŪôǵˣǲ˼˵ۡ
һһ˵ϺһһģΪһп治֪˽ֶܵӣԲſذʾһ£ڿԼˣ˼ȫбԼ˽վӡⲻˣ֪λشһ⡣
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һĻһڣʱ˵ΪһǸⲻǵģ벻Ȼؼҷʡ˺ðԺðһ䣬㣬ղ˵ʲô
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ڶʮ ԭ
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ȼȻбȥĹԼļƻһԶϸ˵˳һѣЩſھܾȷλһݣһӡģһֱڿϱĲϣֳȼбĺͲȫһ¡
˵Ժһ¾ֳǼȺЩ֪ģ˵Ƿֺⷽ棬ҿҪ¾ѧϰڡ
ȼˣæǫ䣬ͬʱһFǿһۣĵ֮飬мƵζ
һF󣬺ǲˬ룬Ҳƨı£ǵüʲô˲ģҲ뵽Ժ󣬺һFԼ׼ȷʵ֣ܲû׼ʲô㱨ϡΪʱѧ֪ͨʱ򣬾˵гټиּϵͬ־ᣬû˵Ҫȡ㱨뵽Ժĵ˲Զѧһۣ룬ûë²Σ͵ǫ̀λҲûжͣæ˸ղŵǸ뷨·һܿĵ뷨Ƶġ
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һF˵ıһһߵ˶żòУͲǰһˡֵһֻļƣǳȼ۾Цгһ죬ȻǶѾ˺һF֮ǰû׼ղг˵濴ϱĲϣܼǵһЩ֣ҪſڿӵĻ󹵿ɵõһFݺݵص˳ȼһۣ룬Ϊû׼͹ȥˣŷ濴ˡƱˡ
һFһ˵г˵ɡһͷԺ󣬺һF˵ûг¾ֳôõļǽ飬ҲòôõļҪ㱨ݾǲ˵ӦҲ֪Ǻ߿ƵһֱȾеһȥ꣬͵ڶ֮ĲѾˡ꣬׼ٽץʵصеĽѧߵĳɼίһĴ
˺һFĻԺ󣬳ȼֱð룬쵰Ȼң̫ˡղźһFĻȷʵǹ˵Լȡóɼͬʱݺݵز˳ȼһţ˼ԣݼǵʲôأҿȫеĵһ˭ҲĨɱĳɼʲôƨĺ͵ڶԵĲ࣬ȫǴţʽȱ߳һٷֵ㡣ȼﰵȻ⻰Ҳֻ룬Բ˵ڵģҪĻ֮ɾͳ׵˺ˡ
һ΢ЦؿźһF˵ĳɼȷʵϸԱ˽ĳɼͳƱֳֺĹȷʵ׿гЧģȻҲĸλֳŬֲҼǵú󸱾ֳǷֹܸнѧİɣȷʵһʼ׼鸣һģı⣬ӣúõسһεı֡
鸣һĻЦ˵ллгĿ佱ֻ˷ڵĹǺֳ쵼з
һ΢Цſû˵뵽ҲУ仰Ѿ˵óʲôƵˡͣ˴Լңһ˵ֳһ飬Ҳ֪ԲԡǽڹעУ˵ǸͬʱӦöԳУСѧҲӦø㹻Ĺעɸ¥ƽûι̵ĸɼǺѳ־õġ
һFæ˵ͷȴΪȻ˭˵꣬صץ˸еĽѧҿЧǺ˵СѧУȻҲܷɣ÷ָػ
һøλֱֳ𷢱ҲǸղλһݵķ棬Ҳ֮Уһֵ˼ѾˣΪܲܺһ°ɣĻе̫صˡ
һֱʮɢøλֳֳƵǣεгȻûǳԷʷϺ״Σٽûгֹ
һǳԶٷҲ֮飬ֲˣ֮Ըı⣬Ϊһϵؿֱһͷӣ߻ָָԲĶƤһ̵̬һǲˬղ鸣УǸͱ˶Чģ˺ʵ䷴Ч뵽ԺһϵЦݣʱȻʱҵעԼθˣԻȻδһλ飬ٿȥӦúЧˣ˽ģҲ˽òˣһЩҲϣܹģȻˡ
ʳõ·ϣһԼ˵Ժʱ򣬻Ҫȫһ㣬ܹĳһˣĻȻȺԣûʲô̫Ч쵼ӦòȡܲӴ˭֪Ҫ˵ܹãõǡֵģжأ


ڶʮ һ
һڵһκ棬ӦԴΪעϾ䷽˵ĻǶϴ硢ϴ㣬岮ġסˣҪģ²һ׵顣ڳԷ֮ǰһеĹؼڣԳø˲·˶ԣµǣ˴㻹֪ĶߣˣΪȷģǾ˱ˡ
緹Ժһȥ˯һûг޷ЧʵĹһһֱŲɵĹ۵㡣
磬һѧ糿Ļ¼õҪϸоһһṦѧѻ¼˹˳Ϊһһ²衣һһ۱еĲҶɵüͷиṩĲҶҲһ֮ǰȵģкܴࡣ߻дڵʱ֣ĲҶᣬǴˡ豭һڣоǺܲã糿ʱע棬ԲûзʱϸһƷ֮С
һ²豭ЦһĶԴסжõΪʵνĸƷϧգʵعͷ룬αءҶ˵һֱȱģǽһʮֵ𣬷֮Ȼ˵ףȻ֣֮ʵΪҪĻĸо
һһ֧̣ط糿Ļ¼ѧǽʦдǲͨƪп£ҲһΪԼвСġ˵ˣ⻰ʧƫģͨҲȷʵԴӲ˽һ˵ƷС
оһСʱһŰϵݻ¼ϵݣȫɷϵ˵ֵֺĹ׿гЧģٴݻ¼ġһȻĶ˵Ϊ顢ۼΪʵѾ⣬µѧУҽԺȥ˵ûзȨ˵ԵΪҪ
һϢһԺ󣬴˵ԣйؽţرעעǣһЩǲǶԼĹ
ĵң칫ϵĵ绰ͻȻһù˻Ͳԭκǿģ˵һ˽гԶٷһĵشӦˣķ֮һ˻е飬ڼȽæҲûкúõľһۣѾ䶨ˣ黹ǺбҪģ²£˲ʣ⻰һҲû
κǿһӦԺ󣬺ǿģѯһ£ĶǱ׼ȥȻһԷôҲϵ㵵Ρһæܾˣ᲻Ǯô˵һõڶҲںһٷǮһǵӰ⣬ϾյҪⷽ汻ˣǿɿ޶ûطȥһ͵һκǿȥؽζݡκǿǸطİýȻһƼˣȻӦɣǲضʡ
°Ժһ¿ϳȥ֪پսһǱز٣˵ҲǴģһһۣҲкô
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һ׼Լﳤҵģһ룬ԷݱȽ⣬Ӧò㣬ǾͷˣֻǴһ绰ǿǿӵ绰ԺܿģҲ׼Ҹһһأ벻һȴ绰ԼˡǿʱеƣرǺһһȣˡ˼ѾǸгˣԼίĸΣؼǵһէʱӣȻѾ븱ؼżˣ컯ŪˣҲûԹ԰˵ļͬԼҲδԺûлᡣ
һζݵʱæӭӣһˣ˽ģ㲻˽⣬ͳģͳ˸г˭ҲС֮ǰһԴ绰ԤģŰǰõİ䡪׼÷Աһȴȥ˭֪ҡ־ܾˣ˵һȡſһѵʲôҪȻĻΪгһӦҪӭѽ
һ߿ֽߺȲ裬һֱ˰Сʱң˹ȰΣһȽ䣬ȣһҡҡͷܾˡ¿һȣȻϰͨٶˣǰǵѶԴġڲԶһĲӰ겻ѣҪ˵ԼϰǲûʲôͷҶµ˺ǹġϱѧҪģ˵飬һȥ飬˵ʲôѿֱӸ绰ʱˣһ󼤶
ֹʮӣڹˡ֪κǿĶһһӰ˶ˣ˾ʦȻڿߵ·ǺϤã⡣
˴ӳԺ󣬿һȻڴǣﲻɵһ󼤶ǲѩͺϼŮͬ־ȽϷḻеĸоκǿһȣ˽һһ߹һֻ֡Фһ˸ӵȻеţһҲ֣˶֪λɳǷСղڳϣǻФͳһѧʱӢ¼һ·ЦͣĲѡ
һ߿ôסˣΪǺͷͷԣݵĿˣһŻȡǵĶԻ֪ЩӦģ򲻻һƺһΪǵġĵĹٳиֵһΪϲµģǳõģϲƺ쵼ԭȵְ·Գ쵼֮䲻һĹϵŴʱǰλĸг߿һۣһ쵽ءƽȹߣмˣ쵼Ժ
Ժ󣬴ѸҵԼλãһʲõλϣκǿұߣߵλʱǡһѾѳǿҪϢκǿλøôȻ
ǿԺһⲻǣˣ֮ʱʱҪһļһȥ͵ˡһȻ˵û£վͳǿǫһλ⵱ȻϵأǿԲǸλκεĿ֮̽ĵġ
ȴԺ󣬲ͷԸԱ߲ˣǱƱյʼˡһĿ꣬ǿҲûжùȥԱڶ࣬սǳǿһּսûԶ٣ҶѾһ¶ˡһֻоθģٿǿҲԼ࣬κǿ˵˵κѽǳսѽǲ׼Һͳι൹ˣĻֲ˺ãҺȶˣǻᷢƷģҲǡ
ͣһôһ˵ҶЦһ˵λ쵼˵զɺҲûʲô˼
ͣһ²ӣҲֹֻĵؿһۣ˵ȥŹؽˣ÷ԱȻϲˡվųȥҷԱˡ
Һϼֻ˵ѩ˵ȻŮʿƽϣǶʾͬ⡣ϵĶӣô£һŮͬ־治ô˼˵ڣο컹ФڡȽ϶ԣϵͣ£Ҫע䲿ܽ˵שˡкã벻ƽʱһʵϵܽ裬Ȼ׵塣


ڶʮһ 
ܽЦ˵һֻ˸Ժ󣬰һԺ¥ϡԺ˺ƹ˿ͣϵȸߺѿҪĳĳƷ֤֮ڣѿȸߡ󣬰˸ĶѣΪԼĺƯÿ춼͵һǸƷͿϣڹȥˣȸȻ˸ܷŭ׼ȥҵˣʦһ仰ͷһλͬɸòƷĹ˿˵ģҲûа취˸ɴ˵óһۣĶûа취һ죬˸λƯС¡أȥȽʱ࣬еٵģģٵģġ
󷢳ζЦѩͺѩϼߺ죬·ҲǼٵһ㡣һЦԺ󣬰˳˵һһ˵ô˵ǽѾѩͺѩϼҲںЦͣ˻ǣʲôûʼʱֻеĨӶѣϾһͳǿ쵼ôҲһ㡣
˶˵Ժ󣬴ҰĿ⼯е˳ǿһϡǿ״˵˵һŹƣǿæŴҰ˰֡һ£˵ĳ˾λǳƯŮͬ£ò˵ǳ㡢߻һҲΪټû֦չģͬ±Եߵģо˵ĪȢһ糿һٽ˵ˣϴˣûϻױ㼱æ嵽˾һ·ϣۣһֱ׷λҲ޶áһ춼ǳƣ°ʱ򣬿˾ڰĿڱϣֺ棬Ȼд֣
˵ĴЦУӶѾ˵ˣǼʼսһͳǿ߹սƣ˸սϲҲ֪鲻ǵȾƵ״̬ͷ¶ˣһսʹĻһͳǿҲС
һڵصɱԺ󣬴ҶѾˣҲߡ˲ºФѾںıԵˣڼԭȵࡣ±ҷſȣϾҪһһ仰ֻܺȣϻȥʱͳ׷ſˣϾȻˣ˻ȻٲЩͷͷǵչˡ
ԺҲ͸ˣϰϳһǿκǿֱкȻǶӦ֮ġǿһԼøҸطúһģһҲ֪е뷨ǵͷӦˡһֱѳǿֳԴ˵λɫ˱仯Ҹȴһ
һȰФ͵ңٻһ£ٻȻûж˵ʲôֻһʱ档µľǲϢԺ״ָ̬ˣִһȥȻڿᡣһ˼άҲͬ⣬ʵסĵطҲǳ
һտһˮԺһ裬׼ȥϴֻͻȻһѧĺ룬æ˽ﰵ룬ѧʱԼ绰һʲôֵˣ򲻻ͻ
绰ͨԺ󣬹Ȼһϣѧȷʵһæģڴ绰֮ǰԥ˺ܾã˼ǰ󣬾鲻򵥣ǲŲͨһĵ绰
ľģѧںѧϸ߶ǰѧУҪģ⿼Է120ԪǰʱոչƵķ150ԪѧĸݵСѧУһʱûиŮǮΪڽһӵշѺȻΥģȻһ٣ٶգʵ̫ˡ
ѧʱæӦµĹԲ֪Щ飬ʱĸͻȻ绰˵ֱѧıˡһ⻰֣һ˼Ժѧ
Ժֻںѧǰ̨ϣѪ߰ߣס߲һ߷סףһڵԱ߻Բı𽺰ضŸŮ
ѧ󣬷ŭ˼㣬̳űµ˭ɵģ˭ǰ˴ģ
ʣӶİ칫߳һһңֱؿѧһۣʵ˭ѽСʲô֪ʲôطǷǲǣ
ѧһļƣټΧıͷӣ֪һǱӵĶӳ֮ġѧһָ˵ٵĸ磬ҽһ£ô£
ӴԭͷĶӣѽҪءӳһָԱߵһ˵ֲѧУȡķãȡ֣ȥĻһΣǾʹһΡ
ѧ󣬴ȵԼ˵ʲôǱåƲշʲôĲ̸ǰ˴Ȱ͵ҽԺȥ˵
˵˭åأ˵һԡӳ˫ۿѧߵӾ׼ˡ
ѧһƣæ˵ʲôģǶһԣѧ˵ߴ´ͳ˹֤ǰ
Ǽһ⻰ס˽Ųͬʱ۾ֵıӳӳһǰ˾ȻģһҲе޴ˣߵǸʹһɫ˼ȥԷϵĹ֤ǱæǰһùѧĹ֤ϸۣȻݻ˹ȥ漴Ŷӳ˵ͷʾѧ˵ǻġ
ӳһת˵ȻӦѧУĹôü˵ѧУأΧı󣬶ضԶӳ˴ĴָҪȻ˼ӳأˮƽǲһȻ˽书һҡ
ѧȻǷŭԷڽƱ磬ؾᣬʹԼ侲Ǳӳ˵ڲ̸ҪǵУ㻹񡣡˵꣬ʹӰó˵绰뱡ֱӸ־ֳһF˹ȥѧΪһFӵ绰ԺһӣϾԼϰĶͷ˾֮ǣһF˵Ժȴ˵ݣһӻزȥѧȥҺѧ̸ȥ˵
Աߵıһ绰ֱӴ˽־ֳҿƾֳǺܿģﲻеģʲôˣҪʲôĻɾˣ֪ûаء뵽Ժ󣬴ҶֶӳͶȥ˱ԹĿ⣬ͷ㶯ִģǸ㵹ùе̫˵ȥˡ
ѧҶϵ绰Ժ󣬶ںһFĴȻе㲻ˬʱҲϾ˼Щ˵ǿɶˣղŽֵĺֳ˵ģѧУ쵼£Թʵġ
ĻԺЩҲûиղŵİˣѧĿ֮һͷǸӳͷŤһߡһ߸ӱѧ˵ȻᣬȥУ쵼ϵ˵ԺѸٵת칫ȥ·һͷƵģٶȼ졣
һṦǸ߸ӱˣѧ˵ǸУϾ͹Уڼңȥݿˡ
ѧ󣬳Ǹ߸˵ͷʱѧУҺǿȥݿˣ糿Ļûвμӣ߸ĲУǵһ˵棬֪ǺηʥһǸУ
߸ѧıԺ󣬹˵㸸׵ǼûйϵǸղѧУѲӵģչ˵꣬һָվһŵĻԺҲͷʾͬ⡣
ѧһǵĻ׹ˣԼһӳģ˫ĿغݺݵصסǱӳһƣصͷȴݺǸ߸һۣﰵģԺ󣬿ôʰ㣬͵ž̸˰ɡ߸ӶȴΪȻ˼ҵĺ̨㹻ǿӲĻӳҲͷˣ˵ʲôõд㣬ͱϻʲô˼ˡ


ڶʮ òͷ
һṦǸܸУˣȥʮ塢ͣһ͵֪ʶ󣬸߶ݵ壬Ǽϼһ۾߸æӭȥ߷˻㱨
߸˵Ժ󣬲ܸУݺݵصǸֵıӳһۡһҺǿӲ˷ܽѧĵһУˣȴҪŲƨɣơȻˬ飬ȴһҲܺڱϾǴѧУѧ˵ãҽһ£ǱУĸУϰʣôƺ
ѧϵı΢˵ѧиġ
ϰѧĻԺ΢΢һ㶣漴ݺƳǱӳһۣ޲һŰߵԱߵͰȥ룬һͷҪˣҲÿиˣҲҵǻòͷˡ
ʱӳҲ㷲û뵽ԼһžȻߵϣں޲ѡ
ϰȻϻЦǺǵģ˵Уȥݿˣֻ˽⣬Ȼʱ㱨ĴܻҪȵ⻰Ȼ˵ѧģ˼ȰԼժҲֻʱһ£䲻֪ѧľݣиֵʵ̫ˣԸײͽȥ
ѧ˵ͷ˵֪
ϰ󣬸мص˵ͷȻѧ˵ͬ־ʾôһ£
ҲҲǸѧУѧ֪ʲôԭҸױıˡѧ˵һָǸֵıӳ
ϰʶǸӳʵǮǿ⾿ô£
ǸǮǿıӳί˵Уģ⿼ԷѣѧУģ⿼ԣԾСѾͷؼңϲͷԺӲҪﴳ˵ѧУǷģҲš
ôϰʴʵôҲܴѽȥ˼ûĶϰʰľ˶ǷУ˲֪ܲģ⿼Էô¡շԳһ˵еĸѧУƵķãҲǵѧһң˵ѧı׼⻹Ҫءڵĵ֮ǽ˱⣬ǱģĶҲˡ
˲ϰʵĻǮǿĵĲﰵ룬ڵɪʲôѽУԸģǲģ⿼ԷѵģԵһɲ׼Уš׼˵ϰʲͷ˵ȥʲôأǮǿһ⻰ζըˣϻڼңӳƴɴҲ磬ͷһֱӲǲϰˡ
Ǹ߸ӱæڵУȥϰʵ˵ͷ߸ȥʱֻס߲ȻѪӦò󣬵߲Σ򿴲ҪһҽԺ֪߸Ժ󣬵ϰʶ䣬ϰʵ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ѧһ˵λͬ־ҿľ徭ǻдһĵ顣㿴˼ӣ㻹ȴȥҽԺ˵£ôѧУ⣬Ҳ˵ܾˡ
ѧһ£ٿϸʹ԰׵ӣԲϰ˵Уģ飬ٹҲһһ¡츱г飬ҵƬѧ˵ߵݹȥһƬǰոӡõģ벻óˡ
ѧĻԺ󣬲ϰһ࣬ΪѧĵһУȻĸгֻһܽһ벻һȻǶͷ˾飬кϷˣҿղǰԼժˣҪȻгǵ仰ɹԼһġ뵽Ժ󣬲ϰæ˵ԭ飬һᣬȴȥҽԺһ¡̺Уϵߵ㱨Ȼٺϵ
ѧ΢΢˵ͷȻ˵һ䣬鷳УˡղԼ˵Ǻо˼ϣܱ¡ѧУƸģΪ˷ֹǳָ첲ѧһ˳ӲϰʵıЧӦûǲġ
ѧŸ׺˺ҽԺĽϣȻ߹ǹۣѡҽ˵ϽԺѧɫأ벻Ȼôءҽ˵߹ǹûʲôõƴʩֻϢΪλǲʹüа廹ʯġ
ѧ˵ͷҲö˵ʲôֻȸװסԺһа׵Ժʱѯʸ׾ô¡˵ܷǳˣֻǿסʹذľ˵˳
ڼ濴ֽͻȻѧÿŻˣæѯʹŮô¡õĴѧУ֯ĵģ⿼ԣûнɷãԱʦ˻ʦ˵ԣʹڼȥѧˡŮίӣټѧУȻҲ˼˵˼ˣŮȥѧУۡ
˭֪ѧУԺŶûȥһ˵ΪԵ飬ҪУʱͷϣǾ˵䱧ԹĻֱӳһˣȭһ£һʮ꣬ڼҵˣĶ׳һԴΪְҵıĶ֣֮󣬾ͳڵĽ
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Ժһ˿ٵسԺѧͻ˼ңȻصҽԺĸڼҲĲѣѧο䣬ҴҵгҽԺȥ
ҽԺԺ󣬼ѾԺ˯ȥˣ˱Ͼͣټʹ̣˯úܲʵڡѧתˣæĸڼôѧѼת˵ûʲô飬ŷ
ѧ׵֪һҹǺ˯ˣ¥ȥԵĶҹ۵ʵ˯ŵʱԵ㶫ɢһעٲеôʹ
ѧ궫ߵſڵʱ͸Ȼ͵͵ᣬúܲˡӡУһֱǼǿģܼͥôѣԼʹӣһֱҧ֣ҽһҪúö飬һˣһĵˡ
иʱȫúõĸһΪͷ֮ڵˣ˭֪ݵ˷ܹ޾ʧ䡣ȻĴţȻ͵ʦʱ򣬲ûʲô̫ǶʱҲΪʱǸһδεĺҹ̸޴ĹΪԼλҵĿꡣ
츸׵ˮѧеʴӵĸо֪ԣΰοΪУһֱһǿߡδȻڸ׵пˮ˵ж᲻ᵯֻδʱǳˣԭܸǾöŮΣŮļ֣ûѧϣҲ飬˷ִ
ѧûŽȥѶڴ̨ĬĬ߳סԺҽĺһյϣѧﳨࡣҪйͬҲҪأѧһЩռ䣬ͬʱҲһҵΪĿһֱǸǿߡ
һƬûǣΧһпȥʵġѧ룬Ҳͦʱ򿴵ùˣҲδþһ¡շ˵˭֪ǲӦõģΥģÿѧУôɣϰǸŭԣö֮Ҳϰ߳ȻˡµԴշѣѧЩ̫ɶˣȻҶִˣ뵽Ժѧͷ޲ùȥǸֵıӳȭǹơ


ڶʮ Уı
ѧڷ߷߲ƽ֮ʱֻͻȻѧͳֻһһİĺ룬ǺصģǾ˽绰֮УǺѧĸУϰʣ绰ݣȴ˴۾
ϰ˵ղѾУҺǿ˻㱨У̬ȺǿӲ˵ºѧУûйϵݱ˵ѧĸԼˤģѧУеΡ
ѧŭ˼㣬ŵ绰ʵУҰֵ㵱ʱۿôԼˤأⲻ۾˵ϹδҲ̫һɡ
飬ϢŭϰСĵ˵Ҳֻ֪һУ˵˸㣬ҲֻǷ㴫һ쵼ָʾ˵ô죬쵼ߵˣһа취ġ
ѧĻԺ侲ϰǻлѽ˼ԡº޹أ˵ʲôʲô̬Ҳûãڰ˵ĻֱƷˡ̬Ȼ˺ܲˬɷϵ˵⻰ҲʵĹκһҵλһָƣϴ󲻷ô˵Ҳûá
ѧԼԼĻĻһ˼Һг飬Ǳ˲һŻѡ쵼ߵˡ⻰˳а˼ԣҪƽĻƾķǲģϰ档
뵽ԺѧЦ˵ǾɣУʲôҪģһٸ绰
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Ҷϵ绰Ժѧ˳˼̫ˡղΪ˷ֹ֦Űһ˳Էһѹϣܿ½һֱŵĻԲΪΪһԺ󣬺ܶ˶ۺ죬µĻĵʱøɵĽΪѹ飬Ͼܽĸг飬ǱѧУ˴ˣһ£´ôỹʲôء׷ѧУӦþ͸жˣھȻ֦ڣУ̬쳣ǿӲĥ͸еĹؽڡ
ѧ̨ϣһ֧̣ϸ˼͵طָղΪУ̬ȷǳǿӲ۵ӦУҺǿ̬ȷǳǿӲȻĹ۵ҲʹУĹ۵㡣һԺٽϸղŲϰʵĵ绰ֳһFĵ绰ѧúеˣѧУһе·ģԲš
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ѧ뵽Ժͳֻľϸһ˻㱨Ȼû˵Ϊʲô˵ʲô˵㶼뵽飬쵼ô벻أҪֻǾܵİľ˵Ա쵼ȷжϡ
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зִ磬ͱˣҽԺѲչ˺áһòɵĿ˵
ϡϰ壬û¡ѧƺһһϰ壬Ȼ˵չġ
ãԼŰ죬˵ҪʱҲûʲô̫顣һ˵Ժ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰
绰ԺѧȺģϰıĺ֮ܳ⡣绰ҪĿģ밵ʾһϰ壬ѧУһӦбȽıԺһҪעˡȻҲаԼ׵飬쵼һ㱨˼ô죬ҲϰϾһ飬˵¶ҪעԼݡΪʱ飬쵼ͼòСġ
һҶϵ绰Ժ˯ȫޣŸݺõ裬ݼ㣬ָоȷʵ칫ҵĲҶܱġһ֧ԺڣƵ̣Ĵٵת
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Ҳǲг㲻ܹ˵Ի龿ô죬øһ׼šȺиʮ˴˵


ڶʮ ǳֶ
Ļһ䣬Ⱥɧҷ׷˵ϳ֣УǴ˵ıץ
һЩԺ󣬲ɵüͷȻҸղű仰סˣھһѣȫˣΣûнӴһҪȡʩܳ׽ǰ顣
һȣվһߵľ˵ȥ˽һ¾ȻѴ˵ıȫȥĻԺġ򴫴ȥ֮ǰѾȫˣڴ棬˭뿪
ӵľΰһӳһʶҲʶһǸղѾӵҪһгָӡ˵ֳ߷߸ϣԺ󣬾ֳܵӳһĻԴȥЩˡ
ȥԺֳʱָƽҵĿⶼۼڲԶĴһôʱκεԶǲ԰׵ģֻʵжʾľģȡЩҳǵΡ
·ǵĹЧҲǳ֮ߣӵĹ򣬾ʹˣһǸѧ׵ıӳѧ쳣ŭһνŽ̲ģմˣȻٶףпҪǹ˼ԼݣѧһȥһȭߣҲζ
ĸһǰһܿѹ˾ʱûյ棬̻ɥ֮Ȯʱ˵ҲһҸĵǸղЩҳֱӳĻǾǲҲѳƤ
ȶ˱ѺϾԺһС˵ҶˣҾǶƤӣѾѺϳˣһľȻ棬һʲôҪ󣿡
ǵĺѧѧУƾʲôؼңǸԷѣ˭յģǹ𣿡һ긾Ů˵
˵飬һΪ֮ǰѧϸ˵ûκ˼һֱӻشλ㣬Ҫûκ⣬飬ǲ֣Ҳ׼ʹһԲǵίľȫѧУΪھˣǵԺһϳͲط֣صسŵһ䣬ҴڿʼͿúӹѧҪ˭õĻ԰ͽȥҿԷ˰ɡһ˵ʱѧָָ
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һúǸղǸʮ˵ղվλȥ˭֪Ӱһʶˮ㣬ԶеҪӣʱҲϾ˼ȰߵΪҪġ
Сȣ˰˶ȣ˵ңһ˵ԺҪǾƭǣǴҾͲҪˣֱȥ˵ܿ˰ɣ
һĻȺ°Ȩ֮ʣǸ˵ٴ𣬡úеУ̨ǵĺûѧϵģ⻰һõ˴Ӧ˷׷״еúеУ̨úеУ̨
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һղŵȰ˵ҳǾѾĶټϼһôľ죬һսϾĴϼҴڵģ˭Ҳĵȥʮµġ
һ˵֪˶ǼҳҲһЩ˲ǼҳɿģҲ֪˾빫ͬ־һ£һЩˡһӾԺأ⻰ԺȺȥһô˵ı⣬ҵǸˣΪô࣬ĸһèûطȥĿֻΪ˶ס죬ٽ֦
һĿĴﵽˣΪûǸҳҲھȰ˵£ȥˣһṦ򣬺ѧſ»ָյһﾯ졢оһ顢˾
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ҺǿڨڨӭȻŴһǵһμˣɵϸ˼ۡҺǿһ߲ߣ΢֣ǼһʽĽ۾۾˵ʱ򣬴۾͸˾úܲҺǿкг֡
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Ҫװһװӣ飬϶ٲ˵ģ󻹲Ǹôô飬ڻĹȥˡҺǿ˵һԭ֮ǰѾ绰ȥҽˣ֪ǸŮֻʱʣѾȹˣ޴󰭡ҺǿڳʶȺǿԲȡһֶΣǾȻ⻰ֱˣԺЩһ˵ʱһҪˣǧҪָȥ͸Ǵǳ
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һҺǿһۣҡҡ֣Һǿ⣬̵֣΢΢֮Сָоӵǿңǲģ޷ƵģܲζһгԼǶһԷϴģΪʲôǰˣЩľη֮أ
Һǿѵڰе֧л̣ȻЦصݸ˺һFһFĶһ޶ҡҡֱ̧֣۾̨ȥ·վŸƵġ
ҺǿѾʶû˻зѾ˼Ų𿪵ˣгֳӣֳ˳ѧͲȻҲӣݹȥĻǿɾȫԼĴˡ


ڶʮ ֳ칫
˼Ҳӡ飬ϰ⣬⣬㲻ݣǿɾ̬ˣе˵ζʱ˿̣ҺǿǾûеôȥġ
ҺǿԤеһ̵ݹȥʱҲһҡҡ֡Һǿ룬֧ɽһУԼҶϣΪʱԳȻǲʵģҪٷŽ̺棬Ҳܣռ̫СŲȥ
ҺǿӣǺл̷˻ϣҲضǰ̿·ʲôħƵġ
һʱæŴ绰Ȳͨ˽ܵĵ绰ڻĹκʱǵ쵼һС绰ͨԺ˽ܹܺߵһѸղŵľϸһ㱨
˽˵һг㴦úܺãû̬һ󣬲гû֪أ
һ벻˽ܾȻдһʣһ£شһûüг㱨ǣʲôָʾ
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ֵ˻ڣٿһ¡һش
ãһг˽ܿĵ˵
һһ࣬˽ʲô˼ѵΪԼƴͻ¼һһʺţöԷͼǵģһ벻кͼ
һ˲ȥϸ˼ˣֻһ룬Ƕ˹ȥǶӵһĵ绰˵ûԺһɣ˵˽Ҫٿֳʱü˵Ժ󣬾͹ҵ˵绰һĻУԿľѳۣٽ͵ıҪ
һ漴ִ˸绰и֪ͨеĸгѧٿֳᣬǿ²ܹģһɺί١ӵһĵ绰һ㶣æƨƨȥ绰ˡϴεĽѵԺҲλĸгˡ
һ˺һFһ鸣ȥĶˣһF˵һȥݿȥˡһ˵ͷ˵绰ǽּίн̵ؿҵĿƳҪٿֳ칫ᣬҶ쵼ָʾҲԺչ
һFһ㶣ûж˵ʲôһȥ绰ˣҺǿ⻰Ժֻͷ˵һ̱ȥôС£ôᾪίأһν̬ȣڿ޵Ķˣæĵ˵һߣ˴Ҷעʱĵ޳šУ칫æǶ绰ˣʱֻͬѧܰԼһˡ
һһֱ۽Һǿıֶһһ˳ȥԺ󣬲ջعעĿ⡣ҺǿȻȥȱˣȱǲԸ֣ǳˣǲܴȳɹǸδ֪
Ƕĵ绰Ժһ˽ܵͼϺ̫ƻˡȻ֪ҺǿǶĹϵⷢѣȻڴ򹷸˿ټⱾְȨΧڵ飬ڳ⣬ȻԺݺݵشһǶ
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һһ֧̣ԺﰵԼϿʱһҪ£Ҫκεĸ˸顣˵µǶǱ˽ܲݵӣȥǶһܲ˵ġ
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Ժһ̶̵ʱ䣬ҺǿѾصԭȵλϣһ˵ı飬ƸղŴ绰ȵЧһܲҪȻһС
Һǿʱ¥ĶУϸ˵ȵĽڲ⣬ȫδ죬ΪǶûĵ绰Ǿûй飬Ƕ˽˺룬֪˺٣ǹػҪԲ˽ģͳۺĿǰƣҺǿȻ֪ζʲô
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˽ɨһܣϵı齥ĿɨҺǿʱ򣬶ȻͣסˡҺǿϲĵЦݣȷʮͰˮϰµġǶĹϵܽ˽ܺܲϴֳʱ򣬺ͳʹӵġ
Һǿں˼֮ʣ˽Ѿʼˣ˵У龿ô£ĺúýһ¡仰ϵıʱ͵ر
ľġҺǿͰ͵ذľ򵥵һ顣
ô˵ĻȫǱģҪһˣǲѧУƸģѧУôأ˽˵ҺǿȻеȫƵϣ̬ȷʵҪ˵˽ˣǶҲ˵̫ǣǿˣɵôӱصĺһ
Һǿʱγѣ˽ܿͰ͵˵ǣҲ˼ѧУкܴΣԱǵĹܲвж쵼ΡһֱܺڵĳУץҲǺ


ڶʮ 
У֪ǻĹһѧУʵеĶһָưɣȻֹܽ㳣ʶеġɫ˵һ䡣˽ܵұۣҺǿ£úвĵ
ĻҺǿйƤһ㣬̱ϣʱųף˼ҾǳԼģҪơ
г̸һ̸ʱ˽ܳһ˵
һ˵ͷѸղŵϸһ˵֮ǰǵ£κθ˵ĸ顣
ĽԺ󣬻ʱҶؽŸԵļ⣬λгҲڸ˾Ȼô飬ѹ˽ܹôĻֻǶһɫһԡ
һһ£˵иҪһ£λŮͬ־ѾҽԺϵˣֻһʱʹȥ޴󰭣ҷġ׼Ժ󣬾ͺͺֳһȥ˵꣬⿴˺һFһۣһFмسһ˵ͷ
гͽֵͬ־ˡ˽΢Ц˵ֵͬ־ȳȥ顣
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Ƚֵ˳˻Ժ˽ͳͬ־ÿ˷һ֧ȻԶٳ⣬ʱžžڶһʼƮɢʱ򣬻ս˽ýֵȳȥᣬĿԶ׼׼Һǿˡ˶֪ҺǿǶĹϵ˵һݡһʱǳң֮ǰѾǶҺǿ֮ϵĻʱͱˣ˵һСľͻٴγΪ˽еǹΪһֱҺǿɺܲ⡣
ƯŮʦٴΪҵıˮ˳ȥԺ˽ڿˡɨһȦȻͳ˵еȻƽϢˣǵʾȴܶ࣬Ҫһгܲ⿪ỹ˵ֵǾѽ˵Ժ˽ܹͣ˻ڹ˵θһ㡣
ǶɵбһۣϼһһӶУһѻ˵꣬еѽ˵һһ룬ʵ˺ܲˬ⻰Ҳֻ롣ڶ˵ΪҪ飬취ܰҺǿˣδֻ֣ҪְС
뵽ԺǶһͶȥϣĿ⣬˭֪һǸɲ豭ϸо濪˻ƵġǶ״ﲻɵһ˼ǲ׼ԼĲ磬ѵﳤҵһѾ˽ܴĬǶĸо¿ɲҺǿ飬ǺԼصģɵִһһۣоеĲ豭ûк˽֮ʲôǶԷһģһûûĸо
¼ȻѧεģǾһҺǿ⣬Ϊһ֣ѧУô飬ʲʺλȥǸĴȻίٶ˽ܵĻ쳣ûκּۻ۵أͣԺ˵˼һ£϶̸һ̸
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˴ԼķԺ˽ܿ˵Ҷò˰ɣ̸һ̸ɣһгǷֹܽģ˵һ˵
һһ㶣ϼһǱԼ̬ѽҵõˮ©治ѡȷʵԼֹܵĿӣҪ봦ҺǿֹгӦ˵Ҳһء
һת⣬˽һۣȻ˵˵ͷ˵ǡгλ쵼ҴұʾǸ飬ǵĹûã˷Ѵҵıʱˡ
һ͵һ֣˵֮⣬˽Ҳסˣ׼ڣ˭֪ǶѾ˵ˣһгͲҪʲôǸˣûʲô£˽˵Ҫ㼰ʱĻµӰܻӦøлŶԡ˽ǣ˵ǰɣ
˽ͣĻԺȻǲˬʱҲڷϣֻõ˵ͷ˵Ƕ˵ûһг;̸̸ڶԺУҺǿĴģͲˡ
һ˽һۣ룬ҽҪǲ˵îǲҹˣҪʧˡһһڲԺ󣬼˵ǵҵĽҾ˵ɡ쵼ķֹǸֹܽǴҲ֪ʱж̣֮ǰҲûнӴԶ˽̶ȼޣֵļλֳ˺ûϺءô˵ԲΪжΣֻǿ͹۵زʵ顣ԣҺǿΪһ֣ղ˵вжΣɾôʣûʲô飬Ҽӵί˴˵λԺһ豭˹غ˲裬ǼƣҲٷˡ
һĻ˽ЩҲܽܣ˼˵ȴҲʵ飻Ƕʱȴֲ֧Ȼһûк˽ܳһȥղŵĵģǵ
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ԶٿǶɫԺ֪ԼϳʱˣȻܲԸ˽ͻû취Ȼվˣ̬ȾҪٳ޵ľˡ֮ǰһֱǽΪֹԭ̤䲻ȵһг֮Ƕ£һߵģڵ˸ñֵʱˣԲŵˡ
Զٿ˽һȻ΢Ц˵ǣе֪
˽ؿһۣ룬֮ǰ˵λŮгʱе㲻ȣһȴˣ㶼˵ˣ˵ǻ˵гҪܳԡ
Զ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻɨһۣ˵ǡгλͬ־˸ղгĻǴĿġЩλƸʱԱȷʵݬ룬ʽ򵥴ֱǵĹ˺ܶ౻ฺӰ죬ԱһҪദ
˵Ժ⿴Ƕһۣ˼ԣ㽻ˡǶʱ΢Цؿ΢΢˵ͷһֿ϶Ҳһֹ
ԶٵĻ䣬˵ԶгĻȫȷʱԱȷʵҪദ˵Ժ͵ͣ˵Ŀȫеϣؼ˵
еƫˣ۵ǺѧسҺǿ⣬˵ЩҸղһг˼Ѿ˰ɣǾͲҪˣȻϡ
˵Ժɨһۣ֮Աղűȣһ֡


ڶʮ ҽԺ̽
ԶԵĻԺͨ죬Ƕľ鲻ѽԣ˼һӾץסˣҲƿԣʧܡԺڷ֮ǰһҪϸһŲڸ»
˫˾ãִ˽СʱһϹۣȻҲûɿǺ˼ٱЩĭҪȤˡ
Ƕһټ֣˽Ҳûʹɱֻ֣ҺǿʱְͣʡȴһĴ˫䶼ûдﵽĿģҲܹ⣬νûоʵѶԷſ֮ǰЭõķ
һʾ֧֣Ҳ˺ʱĹ˭𣬸ոճô飬ȶѹһеĴ֡
˽˼Ժ󣬶˵ȥѽֵĺֳ˽ܵ˼·ǷǳģѧУλ˭Ը춼ԣûһF
ıԺһ˴Ĵ磬˽Ȼ಻ȱ㣬ЩǺֵѧϰġε飬ϴ֣ıԶ֮䷢飬ıӦöǿȦɵġȽ϶ԣǶԵѷɫ࣬Ȼŭûлָأ˵ע˭ݴУˡ
һFԺһѸղľתȻѯ˭ݴеУȽϺʡһFԺ˼ˣһ˽ܺǶı飬˾ټԼ˵κʱУ׼ܽĸУϰʱĽ顣˽ܺǶ󶼵˵ͷ˳ͨ
ԺһصʱѾ緹ʱ䣬Ǿ극Ժȥҽ绰һFԼһʱ䣬뻹ǷˣʱֱӴ绰֪ͨɡһFֵĳȼ̫ԸʹʲôĻԼɾͳԩͷˡһѾʶϵĸӣһССУҪôۣǲС
һһѾˡ극رۣڴ׼ģֱ˯ˣҲûáһ˸绰ֱ¥սǴȣȻִ˸绰ѧҲҽȥһǵĸҲס棬׼һһ¡һһFһ绰ʮԺҽϣһȥ糿ںбǸŮһFӦΪһҲڻһ˵벻λг˾Ȼ׼ȥ
һ¥Ժ󣬼ڳѾǵˣæ첽ɣȥϳԺһȥҽ
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߹ʱ򣬼һͽֳһFվ˵Ц̸ʲô߹ˣһFæ˵г㿴ұˣЩСĶȥðأǸлˣ˵⻰ҲΪϾǽĺѧģȴøгȥʲôģȷʵе˵ȥ
һЦЦûж˵ʲôиоͨ糿ԺֳԴԼ̬ȣ֮ǰȣ࣬мְͽ˼һγԺջˣ˳ֵܾһֹվӣҲǲҪɲǰˣֻڽˡ£ȡһ־ֳϿɣԵΪҪˣȻϿָأǱϵķܡ
һFѾǸŮסķ䣬һסԺĶ¥ȥ¥֮ǰһ¶˼䣬Ȼӹеһһ߿ˡһFȻɻ󣬲쵼ûнҲöʲôˣֻװʲôҲûӣǰ·
˲ԺһֵֽһֳѾˣʹһ£λǽй˳ѧ߽ϸߣһװϣһеӡ󣬵ʱĵһоλֳӦλʦй˳ѧĸֳӦǺһFˣҪ飬ϾҲһ쵼ǰ¶Ļᡣ
һΪŮļܻᱧԹ䣬˭֪ûУһһĸм֮飬ǸŮ˾һϻ̳Ͽֵӡһǲ죬Ľһ϶ǽֵ֮ǰѾ˹һҲǻĵϰǧٹ̵Ĺٱλ˼Ľһʺ䣬еķ֧õģһɽ۳ɺѧеŮһм
̽߳ϵ˳һȴûκθ֮飬һֻӬһ㲻ˬಽߵĺһFһ˵ʲôתһ룬˵ʲôءһFΪֳûʲôˣʱͱȺͨȡöԷ½⣬˳Ľ⡣ûдָεĹ̬ȣӦôıáһ뵽Ժζ޿κΣֻҡҡͷ
Щ飬Ҫ˵һССĸؼûа취ǵʡ߲ҲΪΪЩǧǵһһģ뵽˹ĶԲһһϦܸıģȻӦöδһһǿǲʵ
˲ţ߹ȣ¥ݿڣһûߣȥˡһFе죬ϵղµı֣µһкһϵеˣҲסҽ档뵽ʱ򣬺һFһ󼤶гȻԼһȥݻѣ˵ʲôǲǲ뵽Ժ󣬺һFе㰵мѧ˵Ļ쵰ʰҺǿΪԼṩ׽ֹгĻᡣ
һ˵ĸ׾ס¥ǿƲһȥȥʵ˵һFġһFںæص˵ͷ·һҲ۾ܿĶƵġ
¥Ժ󣬺һFԶԶؿһ˾վһ䲡ſڣƺڵȴʲôˣȻ֪һҪˡһһͺһFӰ˶Ҳӭ˹һF״ﰵ룬òŸո칦벻ȻԹ̽λĸгֵһ
ѧʱǷǳģղŽӵһĵ绰ԺϵҽԺŹʱмʧ䣬ΪϰΪˣ¹һ£ʾһ⡣˵ϰһҲסˣһֱϵȡڼϰȻˣļ֮
£İٶ֣첹ϣ˼


ڶʮ 
һԺڴϣʹı飬߹ǹֻоˣ֪е̶ܳȣʿˮһĵۡ
һ״æǧԺס֡
ղѾ˵ڸĸг飬˼гҪԼ͵ؿһ˳Լˣɻ֮ʣѧѾ˵ˣ֣г˶ӵĻԺŲòǰλȻǸгƺе̫ˣòƻûԼӵ
˼ܿˣеǸѾץˣ飬ǻһˡһСο˵ҽƷʲôģͷİɣֵͬ־һᴦõģⲻֵһֳֺͺһˡ
һF⻰Ժæǰһס֡ʱһFѧ绰飬ʱԼֱˣΪ飬һӻû˼쵼ͷˡ뵽Ժ󣬺һFæЦضһ˵гҵǲ˼
ûʲô£֪һ˵£ǴáǲΪͬ־͸쳣ģȻҲӶҵҪܼ򵥣ô죬ô죡
õģõģгģһ鸸׵鴦ãޣ˼ҷģһFϵЦˣͬʱֺõѧ˵ͷȻղԼˣ˼Ҹûа飬㱨ȥԺҪ׽쵼ӦǱȽصġ
һڲִʮԺ󣬱ˣһFҲŵټѧ׼ȥһͱȥҲûʲô飬ҽԺչ˸סѧжӦýϰı̫ˣ˵ܳҲΪ
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һ̧ͷһۣգεúܽƣ꣬ѩĿܡÿ궼¸ѩûбô󣬵ٿһѩеķ羰Ϸǰź
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һ΢΢˵ͷû˵¶һ˿Цݡ
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ѧ⻰Ҳȷмֵ촨˵ҪУʲôһ취ġ˵ûʲôǱ˼վһ糤ءһ糤Ҫ㶨һССУǻǷַ顣
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һ顢˾һٽʱ򣬵һ˵ҾסˣþûˣҲԻؼһˣѧ㡭
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һΪҪסһҲʱ⣬úóʱûмܿˣԲ׼ԷһϲԴϴιɽԺ˾ҲûŻᣬҲǻԵɺϣʱٽˣһ뷨
һԺ󣬾йϤŮ棬ٿӦʰþһȾݡһɣϵζǻһոɹһһж֮ǰһԿ׸ܿʱ˵ʱʱʰ˵
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ڼܿϵԹʹߴУڵ°ʱ䣬Ҵҵȥ˭֪ճţείǻƴңæѸٵһ˻ɲԸȥŮˡ
Ů˾ź˽ʮ꣬ҲóˡظεȻУûһ̹֮ǲжȨҲǸȵģһԾŶŸƨһӣҲвĵĵطκǿ򳤣¶ԵƵģΪջ滹һڰ켱ææߣǺ˽Լˣ׼ȥһ¶ԲߣҲðϼһһ뵽⣬ƴҾһŻģ϶ԽԽãѾôˣʱ䲻֪Ķҩ裬ûû˵ġ
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ǰˣʱµ˵ȷʵȽ˧ȴûаСҲ˵ǳʡ˯УһеģܿôҲ޷⣬ʱôôʱв֮Уһִδļ顣ܿҹ˾ʱ򣬻ζָоղܡӴ˼ܿͶһǣңģģһΡ
һ˯ֻ˶סԼһȫעؿپæ۾ĿͻȻԣһȣһľȻһߣһִţܿͨ죬æվ׼뿪


ڶʮ 
һͻȻһץס֣ȻǰһܿܿʱͶְһʱƬȵ촽֯һҲ֪˶ã˲ŷֿԼǼܿƵԭʵ޷ˣҪǼȥĻ˵ܱȥ
ֿԺ˾ô§뱧˵һḧżܿ㷢ʵԺôң
ҿ˯㣬ûн㣬ʱȥԺһѹܴ󣬿˯ÿˣˮˣܿش
һװ󾪵ӣ˵ҵĿˮĶȥˣôûУǲǸղűе͵Եˣ˵꣬Цؿżܿ
ܿߵͨ죬æ˵ûУʱĿˮ͸ˣֻһӡߣⲻأԼ˵ţһָһ°µλá
ûУһǱղųԵˣҪղôôҵͷڻأһ˵ͷ
ܿʱ֪ԷԼģһ£˵֪˭õأ˵Ժ󣬾⻰壬æͷ˱
˵˵ЦЦʱ÷ɿ죬һĶﴫһܿʶ˶ŶӣæȥͰӡһû𴲣ڴϣ˵ӣӵͬʱʱܿۡúʱ򣬻ԲβңһһӾȻ˷ӦǺ
Ȼǳ򵥣ȴԵ쳣ģιһڣιһף˶Ц⣬ĲѡҪΪڴϳԵģȷʵ㣬ƻиΪǵľٶκֻˡ
Ժ󣬼ܿҪȥ룬һһشߴ٣ʣ뾲ϴȴѲӰ
˵ĶխСĵ˴˾޴ĿȻ˭ûǣμҵԺһڻָƽһһԵٸħ˲ǡܿʱһǰٴθܵĸо̫ˡԭúСʤ»飬˵þȻһ˼һ̣߳俴ȥţ༰ֽסٴڼܿ
˶ϢԺһԳۣѼܿ§лǹϣûʲôѡܿҡҡͷֵ˵ֻҪʱʱܶңҾͺ֪ˡһһʶѼܿ§øˡ
ڶһ磬ʱѾ˵ˣܿüëĴӴߴ·ߵ˵㣬˼ҳٵˡԭָǣʱһڵһأ˺һᣬձ˯ȥԺʱѾˡ
һʱѾûагϣæҵذŮ˴·ûǽƱ磺˭һʱ򣬾ⶺҡ˵ļܿβܿ羯Сһ㣬һһĶæһӴ֪Լܲֹٴħצǲ
ܿŵʱһ㣬òû˷֡Ħг̸ͣǰΪ˷ֹˣڡ磬ĵȻǶģСʻ괬϶û
һһҲżȼܿԺ󣬲ƵĴӴһսԺ󣬿ʱ仹磬˸绰£һŵ׼ʱѾԤеϰһʲô飬Ҳһ²⣬뷨ֻԶĶΪ˾ΪҪʲô˭
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ھŵʱ׼ʱȣ˵˵һˣϰȻûжҲʹ֣ͣصšȿе㲻أʱȷҪðȻȥĻϰһиŮʲôģôԿ
һԺæܹȥΪ򿪳ţȻϳԺһʻȥһе㵣ģһ·ϻ᲻˻ѣºƽѡһƫƧСһɵõ˵ͷһʱȷʵࡣһѳҡһ㣬һ֧̣س
ũûгеյ糿ȴص۵ͷߵ̧ͷ̽硣ľ仹ǹͺͺģѾ֦ҶæµȥҴңҲһæµֻܻ΢룬ǳʵ֣ȴдǵӡһɵԼĸĸǺγأڼҵʱǶЩľǱһʱ;ãȥտľ治֪ǶǴкʵĻᣬһڴǳúõ
һܵʱ䣬ܱ˺ʮ򣬵Ȼ˵һ⣬ϻصȥġ߷ѧУҲעԺǲģҲ˲ٵ⡣
ԺձҽʩȽ󣬹ԱķʶҲȽϵҩһҽԺȣԽϵ͡һ˽Ժ󣬵֪ΪҽԺ⣬ҲѹһҼҽԺ߼ĸԭڡ
ѧУһ飬Ϊͻ⣬˽ʦʺ⣬շ⣬ϰǾ÷еǽӷѵ⣬ȻÿѧߴԪҪ֪Եʱũ˵һʲ͵֧ˡ
ѧ˵ڶûиһ⣬һ춼ûȱϯ׵飬ѾԲˣҽƷѡӪʲôģһû٣󹤷ѡѣѧҲؽ⸶һݽʦʲô󹤷ѣ˵ѣ֮ǰ붼ûġѧһһһ˻㱨һûж˵ʲôѧ֮ǰ̬ȣʱǳѪҲ޿ɺǡ˵Էǳ˭ӣǸҪ˵ˮ㣬οҲȷʵ߹ǹۡ
˱ĴѾ˾ȻҪһȥʲôģУҺǿĴҲѾѧԱְֳָһĸֳľʵһּˣ;ǳ׽ˡ
һֵĽУ˽ӮңǶҲûʲôƲҺǿͬѧϵ̸һССУûгķۡͨǶһ˼ԹޣҪƲҲ˱СӾԼĿǣԺĻһҪݺݵذȥԶҲзĻᡣ
һܱеԺһСѧתһתʵСѧ⣬СѧʤСѧʵСѧСѧĹģϴʤСѧϽϣһУŸĸ￪ŵḶ̌Ѿûˣһֻ߰ٸѧˡһʵСѧʱȥѧУ
Ҳ֪ȵ֪ϢԭѧУûзʲô⣬ʤСѧȻҡ칫Լؽѧʩǳ¾ɣȴǳλѧʲôģҲûκ⡣һǷǳġ
˻ʳóԵķһӣǺöûڴԺӳˣ˴˵ʲôҲɽ¶¶ˮɡ
һմӳͼԶȥһ˸ͷǴк׼̧ˣԶȴվסӣ΢Ц˵г˵ʱˣдôûʲôɣҪ֮ǰʲôòλģɱ˸ѽ


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һӣ׽Ū˵ζ˵гǲ֪ܲһܻѧ˲ٶһ׼أʱҶڽ˵Ǹˣкܶ飬һͷˮ
ǺǣʵҲûʲôֻʵʩߣЩҲǲѶΪ֮Զٿظ̾
һԷĻƺָһӸ㲻˵ʲôҲٴǻص˵ͷ˵һټԺ󣬾ת߿ˡ
Զٱ߱룬һַ֪ʲôе㵣ģԷʽ߷ãᷢһЩ⡣ЩԼйأʱһţ治̫ýͣԲ֮ǰǷ̾ղŵǷһЩջ񣬿һҪ˽ˣ֪ô£
һ緹Ժ󣬻ص˯һʱľû˯Ҫ˵ϰʱǺˣ˯綼ûʲôʱлĸоǳˬ
һ˯ԺϴһճѾѳ˸ǰѧæһšһ״Ц˵ѧһˣԺͲ鷳ˣҲжĻᣬҪи֪꣬˻ʲôأ
ѧ󣬺ٺһЦһߣһԼϳʡȥ֮ǰһֱڳһߣҲЦ
ʵСѧʱչǿԵʣһۣҲûжʣǽȥˡһ˵ŽγȻݵˣҲˡ
УԺ°ѳͣһյϣһʾѧһȥǰԺ󣬼һ༶ڲٳΣһæ˹ȥԶԶؿѧվʦǰʦȻ󣬵Ե֣һװ壬ӦòٽһʦѧУʱӦػǦ֮ġ
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ѧͨһ沿飬֪ϰﲻˬˣǽ߼Ǹʦǰ˵˼䡣Ǹʦæ첽ѧ׷ȥٶȺǺܲ䣬˲ѧʱܵġ
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һѧӽѧ¥Ժֱۺ¥ڿѧʵſͣǽϵĿαһӦ壨6ĿΣʱȴŽѧӰȫޡһ׼ת뿪ͻȻиʮҵĽʦģͬ־˹ѧǰһʵλʦʵôûѧϿΣαںпΡ
ʲôˣûϿΣʲôϵ˲طʵ
һ̧ۿ˿ǰˣȥһ˹˹ĵӣ벻˵ʱ򣬿ȴˡһѧĲ죬ͶԷϾѧУӰ첻õˣѧǰʲôӡʱ¿ˣʱѧרý߳һǰһ˵λʦᣬһ¡
ģһ㶣ɨһѧһۣмһ˵˵һǽأѸ뿪ҽбˣװǻһ㣬ģֵģֻҪǺͽеϵģĸʶ˵һǼƴ˼
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ǵݣģϾͿԵõ֤֪ǣְ񡣡һǰλʵǳֲĸо
ѧǵһοһ࣬ںСѧʱй֮޲
һĻգ۾Ҳ֪ǱסˣҫһԼݣڨЦ˵ҽʵСѧУУȥĲμӻȥˣ˵㣬û£ٲߣҿɾͽбˡ
һһԳ˵㻹һµģãˣҽһǺܽĸгڸʮʱ䣬ȥϵǵУУҵҪʮ֮ڣҼ˵Ļɾ͵ùˡ˵Ժתͷߡ
ʱγѣ°ʱ򣬻ܽгпܵѧУӲ죬ġ֮ں˰Ƶ£ԵѧУϰ࣬ҲǺйأ벻ȻһײǹϣղžȻҪұгȥ뵽⣬¥˼ˣ֪ҪĻҲȰУһæŻŵ¥ݿȥ¥ʱ򣬽һֱӴ¥ϹȥԺ󣬹˲ˤ۵βУſڷɱȥ
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һ⻰֪һˣǰͷ¥ϵĲܾ֣˼ѧУ˵飬ҵȻȥˣгȥˣ
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ѧѸղ˵תͬʱʦҪװ巣ѧΪԼѧûеרýϿε飬һԶ˵أôҲ뵽Լ֮ǰѧУȻô顣˼гһһû˵ݶԼܱġ
˽ֳֵԺ󣬻صѧУԺ֪ͨȫʦѧѧԺ󣬼е๦ܴᡣ
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ڶһ磬Ҷһȳһյϰ࣬ڸ̾˼ֹͬʱ²⣬ϣǲǷһʲô顣֪˶ڣմҲû֪еԭ
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ڶʮ Ů
һýʦȻһΪⲻƾһ뵱Ȼܽ⣬úͽֵһúộҳһ˲·Բܼһʱ
շ⣬һҲ˽һ£ѧУѧȡϷѡѵʲôģѧУΪӷѾΪǴ֣ⷽǲӦûһ㡣뵽Ժһ¶˾ģⷽһŬΪϰܸٿǮɲһ׵飬ǮҲӦ仹ô
һ֮ǰûӦһ㣬˸绰Զ٣˵Ҫȥݷһ¡Զ̬ȷǳ飬˵ͷе飬̫㣬ǱԼŵ㡣
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һûкһŮһ̵˼ȻѾˣҪǲȥΪǰŮء
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һ˰칫ҺһᣬԶҲûлȫ־ƵĹϵһôҾأҲ̫쵼ˣԶٺ޵ҧгݣתһ룬ԼҲ˼ҵ쵼
ҪԸĻõԼҵĽòǶѣҪһ£ĻðǶ˼һмֹ˼ɣοԼûʲô޵ɸгء뵽ʱԶٵﲻмֺڣϰ˶Բߡ
һ߻ذ칫ҵʱ򣬾ѾƽˣŮʵûбҪһӼᶨ֮ǰжϣŮ˾Ȼܻ쵽гλãò˵һ漣
һ֮ǿƵı֣ҪǸ绰֮ǰ֮ҪȥԶģҪڶԽշδϣûʲôסڶһЩѾˣȻûбҪȥʲôˣټԶٵȷʵɶԲźһһûҪڱ˵ͷҲϲԼ֮ϡ̫ĻŲɣ˲Ҳˣұطˡ


ڶʮ Ĵƨ
һص칫Ժѧ˹ʱܵʱ˽⵽ĹշѵĿԼȥͳƣ°֮ǰҪáѧæͷӦ漴Լİ칫ȥ
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һ³һŨԺһF˵һFͬ־ҸչԽвǺУҪһЩѽ
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ڵڶҪбѧһģ⿼ԣٽ°ʱһ׼ϿûʲôصĶڸղţһFһ绰ʾһǲǹȥ˵ĿСϻؼңĥãˣгԭ뵽ǵʱֻû亹ֱð̫ˣԺҪƨҲ˼Ժȥжĵȥ
һ˺һFĻ󣬻ǺģȻϴεôյӦеЧʾ׼ʱȥһFͷһʯͷ˵أٶ˵ʲôټԺ󣬾͹˵绰ԶʧĹѵ̫еˣԺһҪļ䡣
һ׼ԣͻȻ绰һһȻίίίβһæʺãڲФƷɵ˵أǷĵģһֱǵһءǺܿĵģԺһһ𵽾Էһе죬ǴӦ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһû˿Ե˼뵽ôʱ绰Էأⶼٽ°ˣôһץ׳ĸо˵е㲻ˬһҲ̫ƽʲôǲһԼԷ֮ǰ־ƺȥģ㡣һ÷ǳǣЩˣһԺ󣬻ǺͷһͿ֪ˣûбҪһʱ


ڶʮ ϴ֮
һʱʱ仹磬ȥһ㣬쵼һĶˣҪһءһյܾķӭһԺ󣬽ץסһһҡòˡһһֱУмͣѧ˲ٵĶ
ķذһ˻ԻǾߵ֮һһǸȻһ㣬Կý̻ԻݣΡɳ֮ĺϵΣ걭Ҳ䲻һһǽɫߣ·ֻصǰĻһ㡣
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һȥղȵĴ֣ԷĻȻָһ£˵쵼˵Ƚٿ죬ҲЩǰǺǣ
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һԺ󣬸ն豭ˣڷԱľȻײƺФƷɡ˶˺ã˿ʼһʱһ㶣漴˹ȥһãܳƺҲ֮С
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ﳤҵƺһĲ죬˵һֵܣϸ羴һһæЦ˵磬Ҿ㣡˵꣬һӣѱоȫȸɾˣﳤҵҲͬһ
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ﳤҵıֿ⡣⣬ȣȨСģȷʾһһ𣬲ô˵Զһӵе˲ǿ࣬ȻҲС֮ˡ
˵µƣæŲʹһɫҪٲЩ˵½ٷˡνƿʵʵԼ棬ġ
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һĻǳױ׵ˡԺӣǾ䡰үҲϿˡֵáһһʵ뷨Ф㱨ˣļٵģܻ𳵰ɡ


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Фı֣һ֪һ˵һ滰ФƷΪʲôҪôأ⵹һ˷ѽ⡣ֽ׶κ΢ǡг಻ԸͬһӪײơҲзֵ˼ոյϳгﳤҵڴһֱɽ¶ˮκͣһ£ܴ̩Դ֯λһٵίǣҪûûҰģôأ
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Фһ̺˵Ǿٵһȣ˵ҲҪڵʱʱ仹磬粻˳١ֽôƯбͱƵһ졣
һص˵ͷӦ˵Ф仰ȷʵʵڣ⣬ҸŷһġӦҲһذɣ֪ԷҲں
Фһʧǵӣɵһ̾˵Ӣѹ˹أ⻰һҲФСɵĲΪһĲ豭ˮȻװ˵Ҽү˵㵽Ժ󣬷һЩ飿
ѽһ̾һ˵Ӧ֪˵ģʵҵ뷨ܼ򵥣ֻ밲顣һССҪ󣬶ʵֲˣڷֹҵԧףߵ鶼Ҫ֣һЩϲ̨С֮ͽQˡģΪӺ۸أǸֵģҳ綼ҪһһȫѾģ˵һʱһı˵ɫФһ߶һֲĸоѹϰʱ˵йƣһֲʾþµơ
Фһ֧̹ȥȻ˵֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰Ժ͸ˣָҾʹ
һ⻰ˣ۵һЦ˳漴˵˵ʲôأϴָ׼ȥϻѽ˵ںôָҲѽ
ٺ٣ҿҲҪˡФһЦ˵
ŶˣСӻװȻڲ˵ʵôŵģ֣һеʵФǾ仰ĺ֮ܳ⣬ҲûʲôԼѾˣ˼ίںţٽһҲץʱФȷʵвСĹͣΪ˻˹ʱһҲ˳¡
Ф˼ЦЦ˵Ұ˵̫ʱǾֳѾˣٺ٣
һЦ˵СӾͼٰɣˣȷʵǼ¡֮ǰ⣬ڲϰ嵱ĻٺãҲǸҪߵøԶȷʵӦϸΪ̨
⻰˵ûҲÿˣлܹϸߵ̨׵ġФпԼְо˾˵ãίںƶϰ˵ξ˾˿ΪԼӲһԲҪúøɣһѧϰѧϰеۣФƷɲû˵ȥҲ¸Ф̫ѹ
һФĻ󣬵˵ͷ˵ѽǼȻĻᣬҪóҪȻԲԼҲԲĬĬ֧ǵˡ
Фص˵ͷȻ֪һָʲô飬ؿԸоԷ̬Ⱥ͸ʱѾ˺ܴĸı䣬˵ˣҲΪ
ɫ˴ֱӽ˶һҷ꣬ûп塣һƿʱФϲĻᣬٻ˸绰СʱԺ󣬵ȶСƺȥ˽ƿ϶Ҫȸߣǰ绰Ѻڹźáٻ˵Ժ󣬻治ֱ˵ֻܺȣСʱ֮ڣһȥİȫͽˡ
Фĵع˵绰ڿֻҪᵽһһأȫ޲ֵ֧ġҪǻһ˺ȾƣһӸФҲҴ绰ؼ˵ƺȶˣٻĻĿܲٻФƷɡ
ٻʱ򣬾ƿѾˣлоƣڴʲôٻϸһ֪˵˭ľ󣬵󣬾ȻҪõƿٻæԱʹһɫȻ˵˵ģ˴˼ƴȥ뷨
ϰİ£ٻòײŰŪ˳³Ժһһ΢һ㣬ٻûзѶľֱӰͻ˼ҡɷؼˡԺĸİ£ФٺˣٻһᣬǴ˸绰ŷ١
ŷٴʱںСʱڸ׹ԭ򣬼ѹ֣߹ҹ˵һƺȶˣһأŷæſ˹ȥ촩Ĵ¶Ǵˡ
һ¥µʱŷٲһҪ⣬ʱҪǹȥĻһʲôģô˵أ˵֮Ĺϵͻḡˮ棬ҪǲȥĻʵǷĲ¡ڳԥ˺þãǾˣΧԼʵʵģֻ۾Ȼ͵һţѸٵ¥ȥãһֱ¥ûһˡͳԿѸٴ˷ţȻһʱŷٲŸоҵдӺơ
ŷȶһ˵ƣڿŵһɾζǺ˶پѽⲻǺԼȥﲻֵϵһƽʱһȵı֣ŷٲֵǲǳʲôˣҪȻӦòںôľơŷٱ߿첽ȥȻûⴱ¥ĲһģҲᳵ·һһõⷿԿ׵ʱ򣬾͸һѣȴδǲ룬±˷֣ĻҶѿиΪصĺ
ŷٵſڵʱ򣬾һֻһӣ˯ءٻߵʱѴͷƸˣµǷŷ٣ĻڵϹģšŷӵľʶüͷѴ򿪣һ뻹ˡšһëһһȻ»һϡ
Ҳ֪ëĴ̼Ǿƾ΢ȥһ㣬һ쾹Ųŷٸ׼ȣֹģ֪˵Щʲô


ڶٰʮ ڵ
ŷǰ̽ӡŷٵĶˡ顭Ҳ飬֡裬ٵȵȡ
⻰Ժ󣬻˵ءŷٵʵεؼһ̸ʱ龰Լôشǵ÷ǳȫ֮ǣԷȻ޷ʱ̣⣬Զԡ
ڴԺŷٰ˾һֱ̫ѶˣЩ飬ȴһᰴӦеĹ켣׼ʱ˭Ҳı䲻ˣ˵ע˭ҲӲѵġ
ڶһ磬һԺܾҹƺиŮǾ˭ԷָһЩʲôȴô룬Ҳ벻ֻҡҡͷաһһӡУûкȳҲֵãͷһ⿪ˣôô죬ҪҪˣȥɡһȥ߰
̺һϡӣһ˵ϡԺûбõĶˡ칫ԺѧѾΪݺ˲衣һߺȲ߿˵ıֽȻѧнûʲô飬˽ҪǰʱȥԺռһ¡
֪ˣϰ壬µĻֱӽңҾ⡣ѧæ˵
һ˵ͷһ£˵ͳϵһ£׶εôҪǻûõĻ͸ǣӳһʱ䣬Ҳż飬Ҫмֵĵһϡ
ѧ󣬵˵ͷѾԤеϰһӽˣҽһ飬ʱһš
һʱ䣬⣬һĶҲûȥһݡںнշʦƸƵĸĸ﷽ӱͲѿһҪ棬һǽշѵĸĸǽʦƸơڽշѸĸҪҪͻȡһЩĽշѣֱָѧУĽӷѺͳѧУУѡʦƸרʣһϽģϷغЩѾڸˣҪĿ߽ʦʣΪؼһͨһۺϿԺÿѧУһĽʦȷΪԱڵĻᱻȡƣֱʦ顣
һһнҳĸֽҲûףһ漰֮Ѷȿ֪һͼǧʦأѶҲСһ֮԰ϴѵ⣬ŵһǾüȻܴ󣬲粢һô¡
һҪȵõõһ˵֧֣ǾﳤҵϾǳгĶ֣Эгȫ湤񣬶Ҫ㱨ؼǣп֧ݷġ
ڶһ磬һݷﳤҵ칫ҵšﳤҵıûһʧֱӴӰ칫ǰ߳ӭӣһȻҲǿһԺһҲûӣֱ˵⣬˸ӡﳤҵһ˵úأҲЦӹ濴һߺȲ裬ע⿴ı顣һҳúܿ죬ڶҳʱﳤҵٶüͷҲһֱ󣬽üͷûɿҲһƬ֮ɫ
ﳤҵ¸ӣһ˵ˣôȥﲢ޳һȥ㣬Ͼ̫󣬶һСģװԼݽȥתһ룬ǰһҲδؾʲô¡ɷϵ˵ҪɹĻһݺӵֻɹһҲǺܲˡ
һҲעﳤҵ³һŨ˵磬˵ʵҲԥеϵҺǰʱȥܣۿ飬Ҿô㣬ӦǶԵġ
ãȻѾˣϸҲ飬һ֧㣬ʲôϡﳤҵ󷢵˵
һĵص˵ͷվȥغﳤҵաһٳŵʱﳤҵ˵һ䣬ϵܣҾ׷Ҫ˳ĻȡǱߵ֧֡
һعͷ΢Ц˵ллϸѣֵǲıˡȥгǱȥ㱨֮ǰȴ绰ȥԼʱ䡣ѡ֮ǰ˵úءﳤҵȻһ˼ﲻɵöСָ߿һۡ飬ҪɹϳίۣȻߣίǱʵνǲ̫ϵΪܹؼ飬ųһ䣬벻˼Ѿ뵽ˡ
һڵżǶԷæ̸һĿʡһϰ壬׼ͶʣȻӴͷù˧ʲôɶûзչҪһѱݹȥʱ򣬺Եע⵽տһ⣬ֱӰѱһӣĵ˵һгѽ¼ãе飬ȹٺ֡˵꣬Ͷ豭غ
һ֪Է׼ȡ־Ҳżվ˵гæȹȥʱʱҵ绰
Ƕ˵ͷûж˵ʲôһԺǷݱֱһļ档ҪȡӷѣֱǳԱ˳ŵģǶֹһ䣬ȻתϢȥ˲پƣҪúϢһ£ҪȻϿǺȲȥˣϰľ治һĺá
һǵڶһ˽ܣԤϵһǴ˶ݱ棬û̫ķУֻ˵ȸٿίʱôһ£ҪûʲôĻʵʩҲһȥԺ󣬰صϸڣٺúõؿǿǣƻŪȫˡ
һվ׼ǵʱ˽װǳʵһѽгô˵ģ
гȽæڽӴһ׼Ͷʵϰ壬˵ʱ˵һװ֪飬һһʮػش
Ŷ֪ˡ˽ܵ¶һ˿׾Ц⣬ͣԺ˵ƣΪѽһģһĵġ
һװǳж˵ǾллǹˣæҾȹȥˡ˵꣬׼뿪˽վ˵ͷ˸Ķ͹ˡ
һص칫Ժ֪ίٿӦÿˣ˽ܺǶ֮ܲԸѾҪκλˡֻ֮Ҫһлᣬͻ뷽跨ظԷ⣬ԼҲΪ˽һڵֻҪܴĿģһҲֻҪȥ
һϣڶ磬һͽӵ˲֪ͨ˵ٿίᣬ˽ܹϯһæͷǣ˵л͹˵绰˼ƺ̽һ£Ϊʲôһμӣ뻹ˣʱ򣬾֪ˡ
ʱһ˯һҪ飬˯֮ǰ鶼ûпһԺϴһ֧̣Ϣһ£ʱˣίǱȥһ֪ȥ̫磬˶翴һ´ԼϾóֵĳϣֲòȥһ㣬óһõ̬ɡ
˻᳡Ժ󣬳ίȺ󶼽ˣǶһϵˣһǳ֮⣬˵ıֶǳ·֪һ㡣һ½ίκͣԺ󣬾Ȼ߹һк˵ĸоǷǳƵģһȴǳ˳żк⣬Ͼûʲôӡ
Ժһ۾Ƕһ£ȻһΪ£ϵ֮ǰǸĸ﷽Ƕܿ˹ֲǰԼԷ̬ܵȣ˼Ҳ⣬ԭ˺У˻治򵥣½һóѣĻ߹ѶȿɲһĴҪ֪һ룬ɲһС֣߲ܽٵء


ڶٰʮ δѣһ
˽ӵʱ򣬳˻ҵſڣԺѲ豭ͱʼǱ档
˽ܻһȦ˵죬ǿҪ̣һѧϰίȫиɲϵĽһίǵѡ⣬ܽһгһݹڽĸķһһܹԽ취ȥɹô˵̬ȣǶӦֵ֧ġ
˵Ժ˽ɨȫһۣ·ڴҵĻشƵġһÿ˵ɨһۣǶͳΪȻ⣬˶صص˵ͷɼ˽ܵһӦǵõ󲿷˵ֵ֧ġ
˽ص˵ͷ˵Ǿһг׼Ĺڽϵͳĸĸ﷽ʹҽһ£Ȼʽᡣ
һ΢Цţ˵˵ͷȻ˵λί֮ǰķֹҲ˽⣬ʱ䣬ڸתתһЩ뷨ᣬ㱨һ㱨ݣҪΪ飬еһǹνշѵġһǷݱ棬ؽ˻㱨Щط˲䡢˵˵ע۲ϵı飬Ӧ˵뷨Ѿиˡ
һ㱨Ժ󣬾ֱӳ˻ңǳίȻûвۺͱȨ
ص칫ԺﵹʮżģӦ˵Ȼ⵽ǶֹǺȻ˽ֵ֧ģͬϵһɳίҲԹۣͨĸʻǺܴġһҪǵ⣬Ǹʵʩ⣬ʩҪʵʩҪѧڿʼԺУɵһ㴵ȸʱ˵Ļɾͳˡ
ĵӵʱһ칫ҵĵ绰֮⣬ȻФƷɵĵ绰ȸһǸͨˣûϸ˵һת˵Ф飬˼Ѿˣ࣬ԺԶ׽׽һæʾл˵֮ǰѾФͨˡФƷǳģɾҪҵ绰֮ʣȴ˵һ䣬һѽԺʲô飬Ⱥϼһ﹵ͨһ£Ҷи׼⵽ʱ򱻶
һ䣬תһ뻹Ǿգ˵ԼǲܣԺһעġФƷɿĵ˵Сӣúøɣǰ;ѽĿǰԣදӣţ
ФƷɵĻ棬һЩ̵ָ˼һȴһҲмȷʵǰԼֶЩԲ˵ڵġڶթĹٳϣһƵԼ˵ӦһˣԹһ˵ءһͬʱҲ֣ȻФˣФƷɺͲ飬ҪղŶԷͲֻʾϼһˡҲǣϣôܸƣίҪĻδҲ̫һ㡣
ֹ˴Լһӣ˵绰Ȼ˵֮ǰ£˵Ժ󣬻һ䣬׼ģеС飬Ҿʹˡһæ˸лϼһҲͦ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһú֣˵ﳤҵӦõһ绰ôȵڣûκϢͻȻֻཱུһһ֪ǶϢһȻﳤҵģֻһ仰ϣϵطһһЦЦȻֱɾˡ
һζݣûк̫ľƣҪǽһǷݷʵʩ⡣ﳤҵҲģʵʩ׶Σܹ󣬵ʱ˵͵ʴס
һ⻰ǲˬĳ˵ԲȫΪȡŲﳤҵ󲿷˶ӦΪġҲһûа취飬쳤ڱϣ˼Ըô˵ֻˡҲû뵽ʲô⣬ֻһһˣֻҪûɳӣӦò󣬵Щ飬˭ܱ֤ء
Ժһǰһ뿪˿ߵ·ʱһְȻǴˣǵתͷ׼ͷȥáſڵʱ򣬺ȻڽͣŵɣɣǸղŻԼﳤҵĳһԺת˳ͷ뿪ζݣ·ԼʲôõƵģ뻹ơ˵ְʲôģֻ취ˡ
ڶһ磬һ׼ȥζְģֻʲôĶ棬ûЩǲýתһ룬ǰˣԼȥһˣôЩʲôζԺŲǣ̨ϵˣְһһ뵽һĻټϽı֣ɵһЦʮǣʮ绢һ㲻
óֻһȻʮδ磬һȻ֣ġһһĪǳʲôˣæز˹ȥ绰ͨԺ֣˵û£ֻǴ绰û˽ӣǲôģһ˼һŷæһϵ顣֣˵һû£Ȼ͹Ҷ˵绰һ·Щδ磬һȻѾҹһˣﲻһж
ص칫Ժ󣬵һиԼᣬװһ绰һƣǰʱ䣬ѯǲҪװ̶绰˵ûбҪˣֻͰ칫ҵ绰ôָˡȻҰ뷨˵ĸгжۼʶˣæͷǣת뿪ˡ
Ժһȥ˽ٿֳᣬҪǸĸ﷽иУԼؿҵƳȫλᡣڿ֮ǰһFһһ˵֪ͨҺǿ컹ǳƲûйһ˵ͷʾ֪ˣˣѾױϴˣ벻ڣжء
ѷ֮󣬲һƬ֮ܺһFһֹκЧһ㡣һǲΪ⣬˵۸òʵʵеģⷽදԽҳһʵе·
һĻԺ󣬻᳡ϲŰ˶ͷϸĵطͷļڽֵһ˵ΪǹڽʦƸһݣڽӷصշ⣬ǵǣǲ
ҾԺԷҳеĲ©⣬ѧһѸٵؼ¼һ˴˵ıֿĵ߳˻ңһF״æ˳
һ˺һFһ˵ѽµ˲ѽм֣һ۾ҵеĹؼڣƽʱѽ
ⶼг쵼зֻǴºóٺ٣һFЦһƨȻһ̡֧
һҲƣӹ̺󣬵ϻ𣬳һԺ˵ѽڽʦƸһĹ׼ǽץҪνշһ棬㿴ûʲô⣿
л쵼ΣⱾǵķ£ںˡһFæһ̻ң˵ֻҪгŵùǣǱ֤ŬãȻҪա
һ΢Цſ⣬ûٻشĻһF͵һۣҲûٶ˵ʲô֪ԼѾȡλгΣٶ˵ʲôʲôҪأֻҪذãʲôǿ
һٿ쵼ӻԺٿһģĻ飬ܽĸԼ顣ĹģҪ󣬲ҲλĶҲֵô˵˵ˣĸﲢ漰ֵ棬ֻʦǵĹѡһȻȡ˽ӷѵĻôö򳤡ӽ׽⣬ֲܻ֧Ź֡һ֮ǰҲ˶Բߣһ᲻üȵõ棬һȴǲᣬǾɴñٿ֮ǰһҲһʱȰѳѧУУѵһţȫһĻȷʵ׶ˡ


ڶٰʮ δѣ
ٿȫʱһԤϵһ˵ʱ򣬵¾ը˹һ㣬һ˵ıرֱۣ첱Ӵֵġһ״ûпڣǵһ֧̣ζ̨˵ıݡҲ֪˭ȷһһӵĹȻҶĿ⣬Ͷ䵽λȻԵõسƷัгϡ
һʱŲذ̻ҸȻ΢΢ӣŻͲ˵λ򳤡糤֪ԺһԹ˵ǣֵũæڣǿԵͷȥЩӺĴ塢ǣǾ׵ȡǵѪǮ𣿽ӷѣշԺ󵽵ǸʲôõģӦɣԺָʲôأǱҸһ˵ԺͣĿػȫʱûһ˸ҺӣǵͷŤͷ𴦣·Ŀл𡢴һ㡣
һһڲԺ󣬼˵ܴҲգҲգҿԸίίѾͨ˵ģҪǼִУоѶȵģɵģھͿˡҿί飬㻻һʺĸλ֪ûˣʱ䣬еĻ֡˵꣬´ȡֻͷ˿ʱ䣬Ȼֱӷϡ
Ϣ֮УһЩ򳤡糤Ϊϣûĸг벻˼ֱôһ˼ǰֻ·һȡȡӷѣֵ֧ĻͻˣҲ̫һ㡣в˻⻰ʵԣ˭ҲɵԼɴñȥԡ
ʱһһ׼ʱֻȻɨȫԺ˵Ҵίлĸλ֧֣ҲǻȥԺ󣬰ȼʱǵǺ糤򳤻㱨ʲô⣬ֱӺϵ֮ͣ¾Ͱдˡ˵⻰Ժһվ̨¾һһͻ̨µһ㶣֪λг˾ڸʲô
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һ㣬ȻһЧģɢԺ󣬲λر˵ߣֱӰֻóһֻ㱨ˡȡӷѣһ˵ܲ˵һ£ǹϵĴ£ɲǲء
ڶһ磬ڵĶ¥ϣģһǸǻ򳤡糤иĹԱŲѣòû˵ѽôͷͷԶˣ쿪Ժ󣬻滹ûأڻһƬǽ塣ǵĵĺǶģΪҷֱгλгİ칫ȥ
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һǡ⻰Ȼˬ˼˵Ҳʵǲ֪˭˵һһȥ׷׸¥ӿȥһİ칫ſڣȻţһ֪˼ȥ￪ȥˣһֻ㬵뿪ˡ
һȷʵȥݿˣǵ˵򳤡ǵ˵ʱ뿪᳡ֱӻȥĳ嶯תһ뻹ǿסˡ᳡ȻǶ쵼ʱȥĻܲ⣬лϽ͵Чʵǲ֮١ͨؽԺһ̹Ȼλ쵼Ľ̻
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ڶٰʮ ճɺ
⻰һڣ˵һˬҲһŻФæ˵ֵܣǧҪʲôӣҲ֪һմϹﻹʮϤҲﲻʲôæ
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ٻվФ˵û°ɣֳôһУ᲻ȥ쵼Ǹ״
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ѵ˯ˣһʵ˵ֱӣ˵˼ƴƣȡ˰ɣ
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һһ׹ˣȻһף֣˵бѽһŮɫǡ
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һӣһˣЩŮǣһЩʲôѽȻҲĵнһ˵Ļƺе
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˲һ󣬶ȥһ״Ϊԧԡˣ˭֪֣ȥԺવһŸˡһƵҡҡͷصҰڿ㴩Ժڿɳϳ̣ͷζ˸ղǷζ˵ʵȷʵκһβһ
Ҳķķ̫ҲΪһεۣһ˯ѵʱѾ˵ˣýĩҪȻĻĳЩ˿Ҫˡһ˸绰߸һ֣ȥԷء
ĵӦҶϵ绰Ժź˵ϰ飬æˣϽؼңһ˵֣ҹԷء⻰ԺϵĻƣܲ˵ǵסȥ
Ա߰æɻĴɩڿģ˵ӴŶϱˣֲǴ岮ˣõæ𣿡
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糿һ֣ҸģشӴȻϴȥ緹˳棬սɲһǿĴԺ󣬼ʱĲ仹ǺҪġ
ӷһ֣·е㲻̫ȻǹĵʵôˣǲЬŽˡ
֣һۣС˵治֪װɵĺ£Ьʲô£˵꣬ϾƬϼ


ڶٰʮ ע߿
һ׹ô£ذ֣һ֣ĵɿػĵⶼ絽ϡһΪ֣򿪳ţȥԺ󣬲Ѹٵܵһ߿ϳ֣һ㣬㱼䣬ϣʱܾʹͣסöá
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һѳͣסǰʱŰɡˣݸԺתǰȥˡһղϳʱһ㣬תһȦ֣˳ţȻ§һȥ
СڵʱЦ춼ϲ£ˡ֣׼ӭȥʺĸһͻȻһʹüͷæһ壬ֻؽһ̺á㲢δĵӦһһ֣ȥ濴ӣһͺˡ
ҰȥĶˣôô껹ȥһʵ
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֣һжؿ׼ϹһۣһһĽ֮ɫ֣״һ£Цˡ
緹Ȼ򵥣Сղˣһļкţ˿ϣ˿˿̵ϸУԵΪҫۣһ֣΢΢һЦԷߵ졣˳Եø𣬺㲻ʱ֣вˣСʼնѵø߸ߵġ⼦ǴСģ֪ЩЩȵĶȥˣ֣СŰ֡
һ˳緹ԺѾͣˡһ֣ʮָ۳˼ţĿȥһƬɫŻľ˾תĻľֲ˹ģŴʹﵽ˶ĶСϣ˽ҸͿϵ
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һ˵ͷʵǼ仰ҲûٶԽκξûһҲƵúܡ
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ڳ֣ǰסˣãŻ˵Ժ󣬾⽨һСӣȻľɫһٵġ
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һֱߵС·ľͷûһˣܰתߵʱһŷСʱһ¶˾ģһҪЩ˵Сõرȥںʱ򣬾гһ뿪ˣҲǾʹ˸ı䡣֣ʱȴûʲô̫뷨ֻôڰ˵ǰȥǰʻʢǾܲ
˻صһĸʱļʱϴ꣬һԣһ֧̣һԺʵ֡裬λڻ𣿡
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ˡ漴˵ǰʱ䣬ڵɩȥԭס˼˵ǰ뿪ˣ˵ȥϷˣȻҲʱ֡
ǻ֣˵
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һ֣һۣ˵϶дʧ䣬ֻ޿κεһЦһ˵ǴѧôЩ˵̣꣬վȥˣ·вΪ˼֣һСͷһҲһεЦ
һֱߣͺһֱӰʧˣŻصȥ
˻صԼСԺ󣬾һ𣬷Ҳˡһúƣ֣״̬ȻսˣƺҪҪǿңûа취ֵֻͷˡ
֣뿪ģҪһ˵Ҫĥ䵽ϾСʱ·أϿɺܲȫ
ڶһϰ࣬˽ܺǶѵ绰˹ȻΪѯʿԵһһһ˻㱨Ҷϵ绰Ժһֶڸ߿ǷǳעģҲѹ֣òҲǵĿһĹϵֻҪ쵼ӵ飬һԴģǻĹɫ뵽ԺһҲе㵣˵мĵһڣȻҲϣһڡĻڽĸĸ﹤Ҫ뿪չѶȿ֪
ڴеѰģ߿Ľڳˣһ㲻ܣҴ˦صơ˽ܺǶܿģش绰ףأһȻҲһ
ٰıûϣһ̨콱һݵ̨ƵרáһʶΪ־ưŵģҲô绰ȥѯʡô˵飬ҪûϰͷĻ󶼲ȥҲûʲôõĵġ
һ֮ʣʥھһ棬ŵ٩٩̸Լµˣȴ޵ҧгݡΪˮɵ飬һӲûиӣúǲˬϷǱߵԽԽˣԲ׼ž˾˵ƻ뷹ԡ˭֪һҽҩ˾ҪҴȥӦƸˣǿԼĹϵӦƸɹ˾˷ǳźǰҪ򿪺гʥ˵ҹ˾ͷܴ󣬺йϵŸһФǰ
˭֪Ժ󣬰ѺһӴһ㱨쵼ˣ취һҪλĸг㶨Ұʾ˾˵Ĺϵʥʵ֮ǰѾ뵽ˣǺƱУԼԼھ˾Ŀеλˡ˵ĸǾ˾ΨһĽ㣬ѧʱ׾ӣһЩѻһ𣬾˾˶˵ʧ֮飬ϲŲʡ˼ҳ֣ȥ㶨һг¹붼룬ܲⲻͬ⣬˵һ١
һò׿ɿˣò˵߿һܽĸг˵ѹǺܴġڽ־ٰ칦ϣһϯˣҺ˲ٵľƣȷʵ÷ǳġ
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һΪȻסһFֱ֣ۣе˼һFеܳĸоæ̬һץá
ڰѮʱһͺһFԼֵһоĸߣȽշѵ⣬ȻƳʦƸơѧȶԽʦпˣѧڸݿ˵ĽѡƸĻмһڣҲԿһʦʵˮƽ󣬴һΪӦǸ⣬кǿĿɲԡ


ڶٰʮ 
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һӹͲһٶİף˵λУǺáղǵңҺܸжڶӷǳ£ƣȷʵס⻰һڣ᳡һЦигῪñȽϳƣ벻λһͺʹһЦλУǶپϵѹС˲١
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һ˺һFһۣ˵֮˵ǺֵĻ˵ˣҪҪߴңʱ䣬ʲôҲæҾæǽշˣҲҽҪĿġ
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ڶٰʮ Ը
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ȥʱڲżµĳɣȵشĹ·ϡѸľһر۾ýⲽӦߵûǷǳģеԵ
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Ƕ˲ƨɣȻҪ۵ģξ͸һ糤Ĵۡǵ͵͵ʴףʣúõذ⻪һ󣬴ӦԺһıһõĳ·⻰Ժ⻪ЦǺǵ뿪Ƕļҡ
һһֵԴӴСԺίиĹԱ̬ȸΪˣЩη֮ɫ䲻Ը⿴ĽҲδһ£νĹҲô°ɡһΪ˵Ļȡӷһ飬ҲûκεѣԲ˼ȶĿꡣ


ڶپʮ 
յǸ绰ǴˣΪʱֱӽĻͻǶͻ˵ԼվסҪĻ¹˭ֻһأһûбʤİաһԽһػ֮ߣǴ˸绰־Ƶ񿭷ɣ¶һ£̨ߵСһ˵˼񿭷Ӧ˵ϾͰ졣飬ѾҪһȥˣѾˡ˵ﳤҵȥ飬Ҳִֻһ绰ѡ绰õʱӣһʵְƵñӾѾˣ˳ݺݵشһ֮
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һ°֮ǰ½˹ѳԿ׸Լ˵е顣ȻʲôԿԺת˰칫ҵš
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ɣŷٵ˵һȻתӡ˶Ժŷƿ׼ơһ֣˵
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ԺұӣҲûпŷٵˣһ֮ʣͻȻϾȻѹһšһȻſˣдšװաһһĻʶظоһǳʲôˣǣæ°żȥ˳
һᱡżϣд⼸֣Ǿ徹Ưһŷŷٵ־Ȼд˵ĺãѷɫѧʱ˼棬æŵݡ
˾ǾȥҪңҲҪȥʧģûʱȻ֣һùúõȥһҸ㣬֪Ҹʺ㣬һңԶĵطĬĬףǵģ׵İˡ
ⷿӣѾˣҪҵʱ򣬾͹˵һ죬һⰲصûоͬ⣬һ飬⣬˵Բˣ¡
е۴ΣԼ֪˵ЩʲôܶġΪҰ㣬Բű뿪ûҵӣϣҸԶ١
һ̶̵Ժ۾ʪˣɳϣþûȻҹǽ񳿸дģһ׼˵ģֲıô֡ҹԼô˯ôҪĻ˵ס˵ʲôˣһȻ֣ݺݵظԼһ⡣žһ֣һҲûиоʹһһԺ󣬾°ԺȥٻʣܴܲһЩصϢ


ڶپʮһ 
Ҳ֪˶ãһ͵ϰ飬æץְⱼȥϳԺ͵ֻһֱţæӰֻѸ˿һĿʾԺֻˣֻཡһ߰һôδӵ绰ǲǳʲô顣һһиĹ̶绰⣬ȫѧ´ģһʱѾȷһǳʲôˣ˲ŲԼֻġ
һ˲ö룬æͨѧĵ绰绰ͨԺ󣬸һʹѧٵĻϰ壬Ķأˡ
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һ˵ҽңԺ͵һ˵ԺҶ˵绰Ȼɣɡһһ·쭣޶ãһֱӳ˹ȥ
һִڵཻŭģȻƣǰѽ˵꣬ȥͶԽ׼֪ͨһڵֵܡ
ֵܣû˼ҵգʱҪԵӳȥˡһߵϾһ䡣
ϸ磬Ƕ٣һûע⡣
ٺ٣ûоѽϽ˵ûĻӦĳҺܿǰӦĳλгġ
Ľһ⻰ˣ漴Լһ̨£Ц˵һĸ۵ļһ￪쵼ĳɪڼŻȥء˵⻰ԺѶԽŽ´棬Լһ㡣
һ۵糸ؼųҽԺԺѧѾ¥ǰˡһһŸ̤ţͳվڸǰѧ˵ô
ȣھ֪ѧɫصػش
һ󣬲ɵðüͷ߱˵ڲ⣬ĸλģ
ѧæĲء
һû˵Сǰȥ¥ݵʱ򣬶һϡ¥ԶԶؿһǵӣͷϣӰǳĹµһ߹ȥʱѧѾһǰһѳɷ򣬵˵гˡ
ԷһŻ̧ͷվӡһ״æһץס˵е飬һǲ˼
гܹѾмˣҴллˡɷ˵
ӦõģӦõģһ˵߷¡
һ׼̣ѧѾ´ͳһϪȵݸɷһ֧Ȼݸһһ֧漴ǰһΪ˵֧̣һųĬĬسš
һ״ָ̬һЩԺһ³Ҳ˵̫磬ߵñ磬Ҫ￪ᣬԲżǵ㶫ͻȻӵҲԶ·ߡæ첽ȥ׼ͻȻͷϾȻѪæ˾ȻҽԺԺͱƽңֱڻûгֻʿϵسǲ֪һ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵüͷ
ѧ״ԴһߵĿ߳˵һʿ˵ǵԺ˵гأ
Сʿһ⻰Űˣæһ·СԺ칫ұȥһѧĻԺһοԼѡˣں̶̵ļʱ䣬ȻѾܹµĶˡ
ҽԺںλԺڰ칫ҿͷᣬͻȻһСʿææ˽ղɵüͷߵĸԺһۣʿһĹֹܵģôôأ쵼ôֱ洳ǸԺȻ֪˼׼Ժǳ䣬λСʿͰ͵ؿˣԺԺġгãȥһ¡
ɫһæʵĸгĶأ
죬гǵģҵġСʿҿ϶˵ſڡ
һ⻰վߣԺҲĽŲձ߱ʣ˭أ
⻰ʹԺ󣬾Ȼûһ˻شղһۣ˵ǵĹҪʵһ㣬гˣǻ֪ô£Ļ౻
⻰һԣﰵ˹һ
ոճ¥ݣһ۾Ϳһվϣεܽĸгһ˭أµĲӲɵüӴ˲١һı֣һ࣬Сʿ˵ģȷ£ҪȻĻһֲһ֡
һҽĸԺһһԺ󣬳˵ԺұĻ˵иһԱ˵ģǾһпܽоΡ
һ⻰æ˵쵼ģһΪȵһȣͽȥ˵꣬Ҳһ̬תȥһĻ֪ʱȲ˾Ƕ쵼õءλԺҲȥκ˼һ֣ע޹ˣֻйվһߡ׳նó쵼鲻ãɱûȤ
սȥʮԺͳˣһ˵гҸղȥ˽һܳɹһͿԽˣ˵ûΣգǻָҪһαȽϳʱ䡣
Ļ˵꣬ͻȻͨһŤͷһֻɷϡһʯͷ˵أô˵ֻҪûΣվˣĵġ
һ״תͷ˵Ժˣ֮һ仰һҪϧһд۰ѳͬ־ҽκãҲ˽˰ˡ
⻰Ժ󣬶پͷĵӺأæ˵쵼ģһ߾ܡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻȥյ֡
ֵһᣬһʹѧˣҲ˽òˣӦò̫ۣطӰ˼ҽԺҲиҪҪȥ
ɷ͵¥ݿڣһȥմλԺһֱһϳżææֱҶȥ
һϳԺͳֻһ绰ͨԺ˵ǣãһе㵱㱨һ£֪Ƿ񷽱㣿
绰漴תɴɣڹأһĵ绰Ժ󣬲ȷԸ¾һֱֶ̣ȥ
սţһͿФվȴԼﲻһ֣ǺܸԼӵġܺФĹϵܺã֪Լһ֪ͨġ
˼ԺֻǼ򵥵֣ȻǰȥФС˵ģ̫ˣҪ˵ѽ
һüͷһ壬ûж˵ʲôҺеĿġһҲģˣһҪΪͷоϮʮа˾źڵйءһؼǵϴ㱨ʱᵽһ쳣ڽĵ飬סˣҪˡһǳߣ֪Աȥֱ޷ˡ
ԺԺһ˵⣬Լ֪һЩ飬˻㱨üͷɵýӵӣǾ;ò򵥣һŮͬ־ֵ˭ȥʹɱ֣˺ǲ⣬һһ˵ͬˡ


ڶپʮ ʵǰ
һ£һ˵һгͷİɣ£һ£ȥץʲôǶֻཻҪͲҲġ
һæ˵лǹˣʲôҪҵĵطһΪ
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İ칫ҳԺһֺФһȥİ칫ҡФϸѯһЩϸڣȻһ˵¿϶ڵҩƷ۸йϵȻҪɱڵĵزˣˮɲһҪǸŮܿѹͺˣӦΪṩһЩ
һ˵ͷ˵ѽҽԺǱߵֹۣҽ˵ָҪһʱ䡣ĻЩһѸʰĶʰɾˡ
ѽҲû취Фüͷ˵ôһ˵ôиĿˣɣϣ֡
һ˵ͷ˵ִҽʱ⣬Σö໨˼͵Ұˡ
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С޴˵һ㣬ⲻһһĽĻԷֱ֣ͷкФһ˵
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úᵱˣھӹǣٺ٣类ͿˡФҲ֮ǰеأǿһЦ
һ⻰Ժ͵糿飬˵ŷˣпԶˣ
ʲôŷˣô£Ф
һͰ糿飬˵ԺĬĬΪԼһ֧̣ʧ֮飬Ҳ뿴ФķӦҪٻ֪ŷٵФһϢҲ֪ڿ˶Էı֣һʧ
Ф״˵ôȫΪѽŮã֪ǲ֪ҪҰһ¡һ󣬸׼ڣФ˵ҿˣȻĶ㣬ôҲûõģ˳Ȼɣ
һ˳Ф˼·һ룬ҲȷʵеܹͻһЩ
ӹԺһֱίиԺҪ·ֱһ㱨ֻаϣڽĻЩ˵ĵӻӴҲӵĲƺһºܲ򵥣һΪĲĸ˻Ǽ顣Ҫ֪죬ֻΪıƵĻòûбҪ˺֡
˰칫Ժ󣬲֪˽ܺǶ춼ȥ￪ˣǵֱϵһ£֪λ綼һŷȥǻ㱨
һ׼Ϣһᣬһ飬Ĵʵе󣬾еͷۻĸоͻȻ绰ֳȼģһ͹λֳӦû˵ġ
绰ͨаСʱңȼǻ㱨˳һЩѾȡ˳ɹٿȷǡһʵʲôʱѹʱ򣬳ȼ˵һҪ˻ָϾԴˣطһһҲûж˵ʲô
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ãǾͺáȼ˵гʲô飬Ҫϵģֻܿڣұ֤񡣡
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һһ֧̣˼ܴĸǶȳȼ绰ӦãܴĸǶȳһǲġ쵼ĵȻǲ˵ҪҲһæȥҽԺˣ˵һֺԵʱϸ㱨һ£쵼Ȼ顣ʱ쵼㱨΢еͷԵ˶òʣΪһľֳƫƫȥˡⲻûע⣬ҲǾʲô⣬ֻ˵ͼ
뵽ԺһﲻһҪĻһ£һ֮̽Ļָأ뵽Ժһüͷɵý
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һǰƵɵ˳˼֮ǰһֱΪ鷳ܼ֣ڿȻǴˣϵͳһˮҪ˵Ҳ⵱ѾһӴ˼ȻҪӦһ־ɱСФ˵ģõģ˱ضǽ⻹һֻͨĹпǲһġ
뵽Ժһɵŷٵ뿪ҲԼ˵һ£ں浣µġ˵ܿҲҸúú̸һ£ʱٵһֹⷽ£һΪİȫǡȻܶһЩʲôһǾԲܵһ˺ģǵߡ
һҪæλһֻ㱨㱨ݻµľԼóеҩƷ۸ߺҽԺ̬ȷһЩλһֵıȴȻͬ˽ֻǼ򵥵һص˵һѾȥԺ󣬾ûٶ˵ʲôֻ˵лᣬͨģôô죬һȫ֧֡
Ƕıһǲˬ㱨Ժ˵һ䣬ҽϵͳǳ⣬ʲô뷨жôһ£԰һЩѿ״̬ȻĻ˵úܺ˼ѾԣһûȺͨ
һʲôû˵ûнͣҲû˵ûгϴֻǾôһԵšǶʱҲʶԼղŵǻеˣǻһ˵Ȼ¼Ҳһ⣬ϾͺǣһҪɾǿȥ¡ҪȻĻҵȫò֤ʲô˼̸
һ⻰ԺϵıͣһԺ˵Ǿллгˣһᱻ֮Էġ˵ʱνɫһ˱Լķŭ;ġ
Ƕûпڣһ˵ĿģǾڸղ˵ǻʱĶ̶һ˲䣬ӶԷϿɱе㲻֮С
ϣһصʱֻôδйۣеᵽʲôľƣˣɵԺһҲ붯


ڶپʮ Ǹ
ǶǳԺѧȥһҽԺ˽һµ°֮ǰѧԺ󣬸ȶݶģ˻ûѹѧҽ˽⣬Է˵˵ãҪݸ˵ľݳӦòڳΪֲʲôġһ⻰΢΢һ˵ʵһֱⷽĵģֻû˵ڶѡ
λ쵼ıһԽӦ˵ƲκһȻҲûб¶ڳȼֻĬĬطФûиߣϾ˵ȥĻǺصġڻû൱յ£һٹ۲۲죬ϾڸĻֻһܲ⡣
һֱԺתһФڵһʱͶ֮ǰԤϵһȷʵ鵽һЩݳ˵ݵҩ֮ƫߺһйϵ˺û˼棬ֻ֪ĴºŽǸ硣ݵҽҩгһ¢ϣ˵ҩҪ뾭֣Ļ붼룬Լ۸Ϳ֪ˡǸĽҽҩҵҲǰ顣˵ҽԺҩԶԶҩ꣬ӦúҽԺڲֱ֮ܲӹϵ
һĻ󣬲ɵüͷͺ׽ͳȼķӦôˣѾˡһ£ȫеҽҩгѽ²ʵ˵ĻϵһСѹðչ̽Ϣ˵һ㣬ܺкܴϵɲӡ
ФǸʲôǸģ֪⣬ľһ֪ˡص㹻ģ޴󣬻ĺҪȻô֪ڰ飬ҲһȥŮɱ֡
ǳ򵥵˵Ժ󣬾¶ƣ֮ɫһФ״æվǡһ֮ǰ̬ϢһУ׵ġ
Фûлṫ֣Ǹһһİ칫ҡ˸ոѧͷ˲裬ФӹԺ󣬿˦һ֧̹ȥѧסεؿһһۣϰ岢ûκβıʾŰĵתȥ
شԺѧԼİ칫ǰղŵһĻеĽФϰĹϵ˵ĸоȫ¼һ㡣֪ͬѧϵ˹Ժǻģ˵ͬѧˣײϵĶڣȻһһࡣ
˶Ѿһˣ˭ûȿڡһ豭һڲԺ˵ô˵˵ⷽרңҿСס
ФһЦ˵⻰Ҫõȥ˵һһص۾ΪǣȻΪǸСף˵Ժ󣬵ɨһһۡ
ɣǸɫͿȾˡһҲЦ˵ûǰĶⷽ档ûˣһ㺭ҲûУ˵ʹˡ
Ф˶ԷһۣոսһƣȻ޴档̵̻ҸȻ˵ϻˣ쵼󣬰һС죬ע˵㣬˵˵Ӱɣ
һĻԺҲЦݣһ֮ɫФ˵˵ϴ
Ф˼Ժ˵ǸģȻǸؼ͵һðܸ㶨еҽҩгһ£ԲһģǮܹġ
һɵõ˵ͷʵФ˵㣬ڳ˵ʱ뵽ˣҲоѹԭ
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Ф˵ͣ˼ԣڵһ̬ǾµģöԷáһһԺ˵¿ܱ֮ǰҪصö࣬ҿͱˡȥ֣һ˸¡
˵ʲôأФʲôˣСФĵ˵˵ϴ󽻸ҵ񣬾Ϊֵ߲嵶ҲԲ˵֡⻰ԺͲҪ˵ˡ
һĻԺ󣬺ǿģ֮ǰ˵ҲΪֵ룬ϾӳҪȥһбȽϴΣգŲФ
ͨղŶԷǷ֪ѾûظıҪˣﻹǰ¶˾ģһҪ֤ФİȫĻФƷɣٻɶû취
Фһٿڣǲż˵ȻǸ㣬ǾĿǰҪԼΪ㣬ΪǶһ֪ڰѶ̫ˡȻ⣬ټǿıûзʱ⣬붼Ҫ롣
һⷬԺ󣬾Ǻеͺɽһ㿴ȥǰʵϾ㻹кԶľأҪʵĻɽ¿ʼһһһ뵽Ժ󣬶Ф˵ղŵĻе˵
ФһЦ˵Ŀǰŵ㣬ǳڲʱҪ͵һ㣬һ㣬öԷʵǲܽҵһЩҪĶȻ˳ϡֱʱ򣬿Ǹ硢¸ĶܣһһʵˣΪ˵Ҳò𻭻ɷȮԼ
һ󣬲ɵõ˵ͷФ죬Ƿسˣ⼸һˮƽ˳صϹֵľֳȻ丸˵ӰҲ벻Ŭһ뵽Ժ󣬳ʵҪʲôأ
ҪҲܹؼ涼Ѿ֪£ųµġȫԽᣬڳһ󶯸ɸļƣȫеҽҩгһ١һĻе˿¾ͻסˡֻҪһðݣǾлˡФ˵
һɵͷФŻһһһӰߺȣһžǿڰԴʱ˫һ˵ܰѶԷˡ
̶˼ƲԺ󣬾ͿʼͷжˡĿǰԣһߵĹӦøΪܲȡʲôʩҪͨȥʵʩˣһ治̫ŵùһǳͷ۵⣬һҪ취Ļûκˡ
°ԺФʹ˵绰˵ؼ̽һŹŷٵ顣˵ֻ֪ǰʱŷ˵Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬ʱҲû⣬ΪҪôġ
Фһ취ȥίһ£ʵһ˸ڣѾίҦɽˣԷ˵ŷһǰѾͣнְʱŷ˻㱨ûж˵ʲôûбʾԣͰˡ
һһ¶Ф˵ٻעһٵĸĸϾǶͣټȥ˴ԺүʱﻹеʲôĻʱϵҲ֪Щ飬ֱӹȥǺܷ㣬Ͱٻˡ
Фæ˵£ģûнٻǺýǣȻ岻ݴǡҲҪ̫ˣҲʱ䣬ͻġ
һЦЦû˵ʲô֪ФڰογûΣǡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһǵ䣬ϵһһģæȥͰˣϵ飬ȴ˺ãȻ֪δǷʹ뵽˵죬һֹһεԼǰշͽ⡣


ڶپʮ ȼ̽
һ˼֮ʣͻȻ˶ˡ˵ӵͳʧصʵСһʱѾߵˣʱ˭أһ뵽ŷ٣ԷѾǶ漴ΪǼƣҲܣǰոʱϵǻ˭أһɻ漴վſȥ
͸èۣһվſڵǸˣеʶĸоһӻ벻ʲôطһƿţʵ˭
гã㱨һ¹С˵
һһ⻰Ҳö˵ʲôֻðѶԷýſڿɲǸ飬¥סöЩʲôˣһˡ
ԺһҸ»ŸεĶ״Ӧ̣ɵüͷʵǡ˵Ӧֻ̣ʱڣò
гãֵģԶšվһߣ΢΢ϹϾ˵
һٿֺ쵼ӻʱȷʵˣʱߵĩյĺ档һʱ;֣˵ǲԵģֻǹĸֳӦòܱרְֳǰͷһԼһʱæŶԸ鸣Բûⷽ롣ԶžȻˣȷʵе˼
һԶһۣ˵ԭֳɡ˵ԹԵɳмһԶſһۣһߵСɳϽһƨɼ⡣һıԺ΢΢˵ͷ˵ڼ쵼쵼κεط㶼𾴡
ѯʣһ֪ԶŵķֹǺһ飬˵һȱǴ֮ȴô¡һҲûʣϾųνӴ˻˽⣬һšӵġ˵˼ǱʾҪվӣЩ黹żãҪͼ֮
Զ˴ԼʮӣվˡվһЦ˵ֳǰĶߡ
Զ͵һ׼ԽͣһҡҡͷȻ˵ԶžֳҸܶһ˽⡣ұȽϿһ˵ĹĶʱˣˡ
쵼Ѿ˵ˣԶȻ֣ڨЦһץ˲輸ϵ̣첽ſȥһ͵ſڣװ˵ʱ䣬˵ҽҩгļ۸ⲻСֳȥԺ󣬲˼һ£ҪεĻôЩ֡Զ⻰Ժ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܲѣһص˵ͷͣһײſϡ
ԶߺһͷＱֳıӦû㲻ûкͳȼһĻἱŹվӡһĻӦһõˣҪĲǷ񿿵סǿչһϵлĹؼ
ԶϳԺһңڼѣҪǺţֱӼм䡣һ£˼̶գֱԼȥҪͳ˵ͻԼĻء
뵽ԺԶ˷ܲѣ˺òײŴӾɣɡܺڵĸֳȻԼҪ˷ѾԶ붼ΪԼоɱҲ¶ģҪһɵԭ򡣳ȼ̫ˣѾ˵޿̵ĵزˡ
ڶһ磬һϰԺ󣬾ѧ֪ͨȼһˡӵ绰Ժ󣬳ȼһԴ֪ǸŮ˳Ժһֱ䵣һʲôʲôһݺãûһأ绰ȻʹˡȼȻûеȥ˵ĻҲţϾĿǰΪֹλ쵼֮ĹϵǺܲġ
ȼ˸г칫Ժ󣬾͸оղԾʺԺһƤ̧û̧ȻϵǷļǴûй飬˵λĸгڸԼϿˣȼȻûʲôʾȴ˾κˣѵԼѾ֪ˡ뵽Ժ亹ֱðĸоתһ룬ӦûǸܣԼˡ
ȼվһ֮ãһŻطеļ̧ͷֱվñֱֳһᣬһ˵¾ֳںܵѽô飬Ҳû˵һ
ȼ⻰ԺﷴһɣԭλΪ£öԸæ˵˵гǲ˼иĳͬ־Ժд˵ڵϵͳ顣󣬾ò̫ܣҪĻ쵼һֱ֪ҵģҾΪ˶ɢϢҲûе
һ⻰ԺͲһղԼ˼ѾˣȻûһ￴ȷʵ򵥣ô㾫Ըһб˳ȼһ۵˵ҵĹҪίǺг㱨⣬Ҫ¾ֳ˵
ȼһ⻰ԺסˣղǷȷʵж˼иȥλ飬ڳô飬ŵҲϡһһʣĻҪ˵Ȼ޴̸ˡ벻һȻֱѹˣһĻھǼ飬óȼеšͷһæ˵гҾû˼ֻҲ֪٣˲С˹
һһ⻰룬Ķ˵˲С˹ѽ˵֪뵽Ժһٺ˷ʱ䣬һϵһСĻг涥ţġһЦ˵ˣ¹ȥ͹ȥˣݹǱ˵Ҳֻһ⣬żȻԵУҲ¶һЩȻԵĶΪϵͳҲҪӷʡ˽⵽ϢǺҽԺҩҩܴ֮£ҪһӺúòһ顣ȥĻϰǿҪġ
ȼһĻеɶĺУͷԣȻ˵Ǹ⣬ôҩƷļ۸أᵽһ˿ʲôĻôȥɵģߣжԲߡҩ²ʣ͸ɹҸɹֹһΣĴβ˳ƽġ뵽Ժ󣬳ȼæ˵лгѣǵĹкܶ©֮ҩƷ۸һ飬ʱܵȴǲ󣬻ȥԺټӿᣬһ֮ЧĴʩȻ󱨵
һ˵ͷȻ󵭵˵٣Ҫȫ̲룬С鳤Σ鳤ͳ¾ɡʱ׼һʱҵſٴʩ
ȼ⻰Ժһ֮࣬ǰ˵ȥĻҲͷֻӲͷƤӦˡһĻ˵ˣȼæվǡһƤû̧һ£ֻӱһ֪ˡ
ȼ˰칫Ժ󣬲ŷԼһ亹еСλгˣԺһҪġȼ˳ԺѸٳĴţȴûʻȥǹսһСӡ
ʱԶһİ칫ҡѧ㱨ʱһ΢΢һЦȻ˵
ԶŽʱ򣬼һȻӰ칫ǰߣʱһ󼤶æ첽ӭȥסһ֣ҡ˼¡һһ֣ҪЧ
Զһİ칫Ҵ˴ԼаСʱϸ㱨˹κҩƷ۸ľʩʵ򲢲һĵģεķʩʲôģ˵˵ȥ޷ǾüҪĽֻһ̬ȡ
ԶŵıӦǺģվӼݷҲǳλҪȡͲڳϣ̨ͨϰ绰룬ʱǵͶߡһãҪȥĻʩģԶŻǶһԽ
һԶ˵ֳоһ£ʱн˺ϵ
õģгʲôλĻһ޸ġԶæ˵
һ˵ͷԶż״վˡ㱨˵ڴеһ࣬Ҳ˵ȫջָгֱİ壬ͷȥ˼ȴ˵Ҫоһ£ղ쵼ıֻǺܿĵģӦ˵ϣǺܴġ


ڶپʮ Ҷ
Զûһȷʵ⣬ڻĹκ飬иٳϸˡ˵ҩƷ۸飬һȻİԶֱӸ𣬵ȴôȥĻƻ˹ȼȥίǡгһ£ܸгɾ뱻ˣϾֱӲ˼ҾĹˣȻǲ׵ġ
Ժ󣬳ȼһ㱨ҩη׼ֱӷŵ֮󼪣˭֪һȴ˵¾ֳͼ򵥵˵һ˵ɣҿв׵ĵطҪٴ绰ϵ
ȼһ⻰Ҳö˵ʲôʵҲǺ˽⣬ֱӸֳһȥģֻ֮ǰҴɨۡ쵼ȴҪֱӻ㱨Ȼܰʵ˵ǷݷձƵضһļƣǲˬӦ쵼Ĳ£Ҳûзֻǵһ֧̣װ
ȳȼԺһʵ¾ֳȥ죬ܲ鵽ΥҽԺҩԲԾȻʮ·һµʱ䣬ɵҽм顣⣬Ҿܸ㣬¸ǼĽûκ⣬Щλҩ꣬ñν
ȼһĻԺȻǲˬҲ˵ֻ֣ĬĬذһҵŮȫʺһ顣ķҲ̫ˣ˵ŪгˣǶԸСѧҲѽȼһ˵꣬Ц˵гǣǸȷʵһЩִʵͬ־ûȫǵ˼ԡһȥԺ֯ٽоһóһķһ㱨
һ۵ųȼ¶˼΢Ц˵¾ֳ鷳ˣһݷҲֵͬ־ģûȥооûʲô⡣ҿٱղŵǸҪпԣҲЧ滹Щ˲ŵģΪһ־ֳɲӶѽ
ȼ΢΢һæ˵ǣǣлгѣԺĹУһעⷢӴҼǻۣȻҲ쵼ָ
һû˵ֻض˲豭ؿ촽ȼһƣվǡ߱ﰵݣصԺ󣬵һǵһƵ˾ǷˡȥԺ֣ԼղŵǸ뷨е嶯ҳΣ˼гĴȻСֳˣĻֻȡ衣ȼ뵽⣬ָԼһǶ⡣
εĽԺһȼȷʵһյʡ͵ĵƣƱ磬˼ܣƤҲһڵ͵ϹӣԺٺ򽻵ʱһҪһۡ
ϵʱһҹɫ͵͵ȥݣһʱ򣬼ܿʹ˸绰ڰֹһô£Ѿкóʱûһˣһ£Լȥݡüܿȹȥ÷䣬Ȼ绰롣⵹Ϊ͵ʲôģΪ˵ݲͬɼܿȥΪһ㡣ٽ°ʱһֻཱུһһŽˣóһдšҶݣ302ҡ
һ治ҶĶæλãȻ˵ҵüܿڷȣʱԵĹȥ
˵绰Ժһôȥȷʵܲ㣬Ҽܿŷ٣ļͥɺһ㣬һ˵ŮĸҲߡһŵʲôʱʱ䣬ݶ棬Ҳǿźĵض׷һ淽Ļᣬһ棬ҲǶһ㲹ɡǮһ飬һѹΪ⼸Ļľп͹˰򸾳±Ҫʽ⣬ĻһĿϣǵĻ˵Ǯֻ̯ӡ
һԺæɣֱݶȥٽҶݵĲڣһҿϵ»ͣһ㺺֮Ķ㹻˳Եˡ˱¥£һͣʱ򣬷¥иŮ֣һȻ֪ǼָָֻܿԱߵһСţʾԴŽһʱŷѡһұݵڣһƽŮˣһɵüӴ˽Ų
302ſڣһƿڵķţѸһȥˣûӦѾԶˣ̧ͷһԭܿվź
úһľֻҪ˴ʱı־ˡϵ»ŵϣƬ촽ѾһȻҲûзֿһֱɿҡ뷿Ժһоů紺ܿ׼ҲͲٿµܿһһεĳУڰһļУŵһæס졣
Ժ˲ŸомܿæȥһǴϵ»õĳεսǺǿǰҲͰСʱһ㣬Щỹȵģæ̻ʵسԱԺָһЩʲôҾͲ׸ˣů˼ɶҶġ
νԺڿ԰˵Ựˡܿͷһұϣ˵һһ飬ɲѽ
һЦ˵Ҳ˭˰ɣĻҸ˻أңҲһ飬Ҳ֪֮ǲʲôġһĻ٣ȻܿδҪʲôʼվЩ˵˱ȽϺá
ܿ˵ʲôأϹҾϲ㣬ŮҲˣҲû뷨ˣܸʱһΣҲˡܿ⻰ȻǷĵģ£˵γһҸʽ
һûٶ˵ʲôֻĬĬذ§ǰʱʲôԶǲ԰׵ġãһŵ˵ղ˵ʲô飬Ҫҵģô˵ˣ
㲻ǲϲҾͲ˵ˡܿһСŮ
һһѣݺݵ˵ȻҸϹʹɫǷʰˡ
ܿæ˵ãã˵˵ղǱˣỹûأҰɡ˵һǡ
ֲһᣬܿ˵ǸгǶϸȥˣʱȥκ£ߵʱ򣬾Ȼȥ칫ң˵Ҹȥһˣ쵼Ҫҡ˵⻰Ժ󣬼ܿһһۣȻͷĻ
һüͷղżܿ˵Ǽ飬ɵҲǶͼģȻŮ˵ͷˣƣ治֪үֻءһﰵ˼ԺԼܿ˵Ժٴ绰ȥ㣬ֱӺ˵ʲô飬绰κ򳤣κ򳤵İšκǿǣһȥ˵ġ
ܿ˵ͷȻһᣬһ˵»᲻鷳ҪҾ͹ȥһˣӦòᡭ
ƨһȵҵŮˣԼԸ뿪˭Ҫ˼ĻƴƹٲˣҲҪ
ܿһĻһ㶣漴Ĳѣ˵زȻ£¡֪ܿԼܲ˵ιˣؽ˻⣬һǴ۽磬벻ĳЩ¼ŻֵľͷȻʵԼˡ
Ϲ࣬ڶʱѾٽˡû뿪ֱӴ绰˲ͣһһֱԺ󣬲ſ˺Ҫ·ڣһѼܿһԺһҪŹܿȳۻڳ⳵ʼչ΢ЦʵŮʱҲͦˣһ绰һʺҲˡ


ڶپʮ 
һٽʱ򣬳ȼڳһİ칫˵ʵ治Ըܻصһ֪ⷽ˭ˣԶţҲ١ȼջûڣϾҲһݵˣôܳڳء
һǰվ˵гǸûȥúѧϰһ£һݷǳеķһ¾Ǹȥ죬
һüͷһ˵¾ֳлֱ˵Ҫµġ
гǵ˼ִ鳤ѡҪԴһ¾ǲᡣȼװΪѵ˵
һ⻰Ժװ˼һԺ˵ºð죬ҿ鳤ҲҪˣ滹в飬ȥΰɣ֪˭ݵ˰ɣ
쵼ѻ˵ˣȼȻװƣֻõ˵ͷǲô˵ıһװȥִС鳤˭֪ԷһţȻֱԶ鳤ʱ򣬻治þܾ
ȼƲѣ˵ԴôģⷴӦôô죬˸ĽࡣȥԺһҪ൱һģԶǸС˷ĻɾûʲôԼˣҪǡ
гǸ̨һ飬ǲȥǴкȥ˼ҲһˡԶЦ˵
ãǸ졣һˬӦΪˮɵ飬˭֪ȻǷһۣ֪ȼȻһӣȥ̫ɶˡ
һӦȼϵЦˣ˵ϻ͸ˡǰ˵ʽʱһȥָһ˵ͷǴӦ
ȼԺһ׼͵̨ϵһ룬ʱӦû磬Ͼ»ûԻǵһȣȵʱϵ⻹һ绰顣Ȼ͵̨̨죬ΪһгŶԷҪġ
ϣһԶŵԼһˣ˽һһЩܿüŵģ־ֳȼӦǼпܳģҪⳡȡʤ˽ǱزٵġһԶžǸĲϸһ֣Ľ˻Ǻġ
ԶɺǷһѣȼȥٿӻʱȰһݺһ٣Ȼ˿վõԶţòλ˵һ۾Ҫ֪һǳȼˣƽʱ˵ߵ˵ѵá
һϵĿ֮󣬳ȼʼ뱾λ⣬ҩƷ۸ߵרι˾鷢ˡȼ΢ЦŶԶ˵Զžֳⷽһ˼Ϊ˵˵⻰Ѿ˲ˣ˭֪ԶŲǫ飬ųȼĻ˵λҩۣҾÿԴ֣һ
ԶŵĻԺʩԲ߹ҪĻָʲôأЩҩ̡ҽԺҩ꣬ĶеϵʱҪǰγܲǿɲǺġ
һһ˳ղųȼͷܲˬھȻָôһǿ̣벻̡Զ˵ֳҲ֪ڣûˣǲ򿪴˵ҩƷ۸飬ô£ѵû㣬ʲô
ԶĻԺ󣬲ڣֻǰĿͶ˳ȼȼ۵һǸѽƽʱʱ򣬿ͦܲԹɫģԴżˣ
ҩƷ۸飬ô£㵹Ǹ˵˵ȼŭ
һԶžǶԵأ벻ϰͻȻվ˳ֱӴʱߵͨ죬ΨΨŵŵ˵ϣϰ塭ֳҡҲ˼
Ҳʲô˼ʹҲұ֯ϵĹšȼ˵ڲǾĹ쵼ҲǳעѾҹȥ̸ˣǲܵġ
˳ȼĻԺ󣬴ŻȻ򣬽һϵ쳣ıֶõ˺ĽͣǸ˶׷ԶſȥЩĿĶͱȽϸˣĽмʣޡ
ҽһҩƷ۸ִС飬Զžֳ鳤һֳθ鳤ؿҵԱΪСԱչԱҩƷ۸ļලҿһûʲô⣿ȼ˵϶ɨһ飬˵Ŀһϵʱ򣬳ȼ⼷˼۾˼Ҫٶ˵ʲôˡ쵼⣬ֳ˭Ҫ˵֣ǼֱԴˮˡ
ɢԺԶŵİ칫ҶȻȻʲôû˵ֻڴŹʲôģ˫֪ģͨ飬ϵ۵ĨȥûģҲԽռӣ˵˳һʣҲ˵顣
Զŵıֺ侲˷ǳ飬һ飬װ˺ͿЩ˵ĿģͬҲһԴ̬ȣԱѡ֮
ȼİ칫ȴ쳣壬ѵһĳ棬㹻ǿƣôһ˸ںġ
ϰ壬ǲ̫СˣôǸ鳤ȥˣҪǸʲôǿɾͱˡһȼþòڣʵǱﲻסˣ˵ĵġһɰ칫ֳλϵģһֱƺȼΪϰ壬˵¡
Ϊѽȼһۣ߷ߵ˵гĽʲô취һĻҲãȥ㣬ԽԽãʱҾеǲܹŵס˵Ժ󣬳ȼ¶˽Ц
һĪزһ⣬֪ȼĺ̨ӲϵҲܸӡһȼڵ绰ƶԷΪĳӡĻĹɲһܽгڵĳƺźǰǸգûҲ֪ˣҲδؾ֪ԷݡĲΣһССĸƼܽӴġ
Ūȥ鳤ĿľǸҶǱߣһʲô紵ݶļʱϵǧסҪҪǳʲô⣬ɲܵġȼһ˵
һæ˵ͷﲻЩ֮⣬ڳȼô꣬ҲһЩˡӡУϰûôعﰵԼһҪ¡ĻҪԲ˶ˡ
Щ飬һֻ֪Ѿˣ鳤ԶšֿĵϣԶžʹ绰˻㱨˵ʱ䣬ҪѡԱ档һʾͬ⣬ԶȫԼô⣬ҪľĹˡϣһﻹûףϾԶԷ˽⣬ֽ׶ҲֻˣĿǰֳһЩӦò̫⡣
ڶһ磬ȼҲ㱨˼飬̬ϣйоصģûκ⣬һƾ֮ǰ˽⣬Ѿ˻ֵķ룬Լ򵥵˵Ժ󣬾ʹ뿪ˡ
һæһǳҪ飬ʱигԬ÷绰˵ԬгԺ󣬵нշѵ⡣һʱ򣬾еĪϵ֮ǰ߹й׼ٽշѵ飬ʱе׹ˡ
һϢ˽ܺǶ˻㱨˽ܵıֻãֻýӴʱҲμӵġǶϢԺĹ죬ʶشһеͿˣСӵãײϵģ˼Ⱦ͵õϢˡ룬úһֵĿԱȽϴҪȻСӵʱôôҪȡȡӷѡǶʱе㲻һǿƵĸ֣治֪ÿĻʧ⡣


ڶپʮ ԩ
ʱ䣬һ飬Ƕúƣ־ڵʱΪﳤҵλίȡһίﳤҵѾΪгˣѡһг볣Ӧ˳µ顣һֱڽټԶ٣Ů˹վӵĿľǳίҪصظԼ¸㶨
Ƕ˽ܽ˼Σ˽ɶԷǲɿڡΪ׼λɺһô£Ϊ˽ܸᶼû˵Ĳ磬ֻ˵ٵȵȡ
Ƕ㲻˽ܺ«ʲôҩĪ׼λóϵĻԺڳίϣԼͳһˡһ㣬пλȻͷһĪˡҪĻǶгɾ֮ˣһĸгˣһ£οչ
˼ǰǶþԲ˽ܵļƻóѣҲ˵Ҫ뾡һа취ֹһλӦһĻᣬ˵Ԭ÷ֻһͨĸгҲһֱϼˣɳӦҲһһˣٿҵˮ
뵽ԺǶ绰˼룬Ȼ˷ͼԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰µ绰ԺǶһ˷֮ӿͷþûйָоˡ
ԺигԬ÷Լ˺УڳﱸȫзΧڿչһιڽշѵιҲʡҪ
ǰʱ䣬ίί־һԷʱ˵ѾڸշѵιˡԬ÷ͷˣ֪ͨ˵Ҫȥȡշѣǽӷѣ˵ףѶȲСΪǣ棬һСĵĻⲻܳɹпܰԼȥŲòԡ
һŵӸչ˺ӺݵĽ紦ӭԬ÷Ĺ֮ӭȻӡŵʱԬ÷һеĳʻ˹һһFͳȼæӭȥһ벽
ȳͣԺæתһȦԬ÷ţӳʱһߵǰʱյǷֺһǵһ˽ؼԬ÷һʮŮʿһߣڳţȥмʡԬ÷һĸоܺãڽĺܳһʱڣŮԹԱӦԬ÷㡣
һֺԺ˷׷ϳʻȥһң룬СԺһ˹㱨Ԭ÷÷ǳ棬ʱһص⡣׼Ƚϳ֣ټȷʵʲľ飬شˮ
߻㱨߽ԼһСʱ׼źһF㱨ģʱϵֻʱȡˡ
Ԭ÷һۣЦ˵ŵ˵ͬ־ѧϰģǰ棬Ҳ˲ٱľ顣гǲǵȥҽһһ
һһﰵĴ磬˼⻰˵ȷʵˮƽǶ̸ֽһײȤ˵һƢҲûСæЦŴԬг㲻˵Ҳŵģ磬ȥɺȥָΰѹøλ㿴
гǫˡԬ÷Ц˵ҿͲҪˣ͵СȥɣӦ֪ҪĿľ˽һºͽӷйص
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȴ룬˼׼һѾ֪С緢飬ҪôֱӵأҲϾʱֳ˲СĶȥС磬һҲģʱ˵糤⻪һѧյĿһһˣûʲôβ͡СϰõȥǮԺ󣬷мѣǶŴµĸгһǳмӡ
緹ھ˽׼ʱ˷ϣǶȴ˵е㲻ˡһע⵽Ԭ÷üͷ壬˵ǳϸ΢ܹóġķӦҲΪؼеĸгʵְһؼгȻܶŹ֡
ǶʱڼſʼôԷģһ绰˼֡ĸԷƵһ룬ȻȥĵطĻе̫ˡԴӵ֪Ԭ÷ҪȥСʱǶʹ⣬úÿϷΪ˱ʾԼûаϵֶˣҲǰԼժе㰵Լ֮ǰΪԬ÷һȥС磬ǰ˰ţ˵ӦҲΪ
緹Ժھ˼䣬ҶϢһһȻݵϰߣȴûиϢͨ绰С絳ί糤ɽϵигԬ÷Ҫȥе飬ǽͨ
мֽţǱʾ񡣵ίĿ⻪ģԶ¸ǲ⣬õ֪ͨٿίᡣ
磬Ԭ÷ں˵ͬ£һ֮ȥԺץĵһȻɵúʵʵʱεĵίǻƴҿмȣĲõĻһЧ
Ԭ÷͵ίһ˽̸˽Ƕȡӷֵ̬ȣԼȡԺζȱڵġκǿһһ˻ش𣬵ȻҲչ˵˻ƴҵӣһЩȽϼ򵥵ģȥ˵
ǵĻ㱨ԺԬ÷⣬Ϊ쵼ʵΪԺȫпչҵ֧㡣ǵĽԺ󣬶ǰλ꼶ĸг˼֮⣬ʱʱ򣬿ûа㾭ɹȫʯͷӣȷʵܲס뵽ԺߵһǰգȻ˵гҷȷʵ򵥣Щֵȥѧϰ
һ˿ǰ߼ϵæ˵л쵼ĹһٽŬɺñְ
Ԭ÷ﲻһ㶣̫ϵˣʱ򣬲ûκεĵΣҰѲźۼظԼһñӡе㲻ʮߡˣô˵Ķ֮ǰԬ÷һһ˽⣬λеĸгȻûн飬ʱ;ĸо
뿪Ժ˷ֱԼĳС硣һԺһаڽС絳ίĴԺ͸ŵίһ͵ſˣǱ׼ȥӭӵģһûãûбҪô¡أ쵼»ʵӡͨԬ÷ĽӴһģЩ߹ӵ쵼ûбҪᡣ
һֱΪ͸˽ܣԬ÷һһԺ̧Ÿ׼ȥͻȻһֱ˵ĶĤԬгԩģҪѽ
˶ͣ˽Ųѭȥֻ⻪ﲻ֪ʱվȺ棬ļ֮飬ղŵһȻǳĿСһڴеͬʱ۾ȴĴһۿԿ飬ȷʵе˼֪
͸ɶһۣĽ֮ɫֲ֪Ǻáʱܲǰһס죬˵ɣĻԵʲô˵ĶˣҪǲֹĻȻҲǸ¡
ԱԱʹһɫȰ⻪ȥʲô飬쵼˵æǰһһץס⻪һֻ첲׼ܳȥ⻪ƣǽлѽյģɱˡ


ڶپʮ ȫʡע
һҲǷŭ쳣ڱ⻰һѣ˹Ȼ˹Ϸ쵼ڣ³ӵס뵽Ժһǰһ˵ס֣˸ҷ¡
Ա⻰Ժ󣬿һۣ֪ôźáǵ˵ͷæ⻪£һߡ
һ⻪˵⻪ͬ־ʲô⣬˵Ԭг棬ԩ˵ϴ
⻪ﱾһ֣һǿڶ˵һΪȡӷѵ飬пܵ쵼İͲһټɿͷһȣһ⡣˼ָյ˵Լԩһӷͷô˵
⻪˼ԺǰȥϾһ֮ǲġߵԬ÷ĸǰͣ˽Ų֮ɫſǻ˵Ԭг쵼һҪΪѽ
Ԭ÷һۣüͷ壬Ȼ˵λͬ־гղѾ˵ˣʲôֱ˵Ŵһỹһģ
жǰ˳˲мĹľ򣬿Ӧڵˣڲ֪һ㣬컹ִôȥ˲òĿԡ
⻪ﱾΪŮ˶ȽͬģԲŰԼװһ࣬˼ҾȻΪﲻмʧ䡣һһۣ˵г쵱Ŵҵ棬Ҿһ⣬ƾʲôҵְǸϵίͨģҪ˵ĻӦ˶зݣҪһ˸˵ĻҸҲӦҡ
һĻԺһ֣룬Ҳ˷ˣǲЦݣ⻪˵⻪ͬ־ԩǰɣãھش⡣ΪʲôְԬгͬ־Ҷ֪ϰԸʵĻӣн֮ʵίίоͨ˴׼ְȫϷʲôԩߡ
һ˵Ժͣ٣Ȼ˵˵˵Ǹίͨģ˽ӦûôͨģӦñǣ쵼һᵥԬг㱨˵еεĻ⣬ղŻ˼ǲǿΪίͨľ飬Ӧɰ೤Ҳĵίͬ־еΣֻ˵۵㣬һȷģ֮ǰ¼УҸղ˵Ǹԭͬ־еεĻҸΪ²ǱԩأҶղǷĻش㻹ʲôģ
⻪һĻͷһƬհףĶ˵ʲôֻµ쵼ô˵ǶԵġ
˵öԲԣ˵˲㣬ͬ˵Ҳ㣬Ҷжϵġһ˵ȻתԬ÷һơԬ÷΢Цŵ˵ͷͷĴȥ
գ۵ĹֵȺȫʧˣֻ⻪һ˹¶վǰ̨ףʱȻһϮӺӵȫ󲻽
Ԭ÷ûСʵϿǰϷԺȫԲ¥ȥˣΪѾǳȡ޽շѵ飬ȥҲѶȲСȥʱֻҪûʲô˽ĵĻʵҲôѵġʵڲеĻߣǵɴñ㿴˭ҾִܲлΥ
Ԭ÷ûں֮ǰһʮңʮӣǾ̸һЩʲô˾Ͳö֪ˡ
Ԭ÷ߺĵϣݵ̨Ͳĺ֮У˶Ժνշ֮٣֮ʣ˽ܺǶȲѣûвμԬ÷ĵ֮Уû֮ġ
ڶϣݵӶ̨ĽĿһרĿӷѵġרŲ˺νӷѵǰ󾭹оһ⻪˵Ƿ˵öԲԣ˵˲㣬ͬ˵Ҳ㣬ҶжϵġȻһתлСϰȡӷѵĻ棬ҳͷһ˴Ĵָе˼ɵҲܿס
Ԭ÷ߺĵ磬Ƕһͽӵиĵ绰Ȼ󼱼ææϳֱݶȥע⵽гٽʱŻһɥ֮ɫ·һ㡣Ϣټһֱʮӵʱ򣬲˰칫ңӽյźǳ֮ҲΪг˵֮⡣
ǶصԺһһŵ˼һǼ뿪չӷѵιԷ꿪ѧʱسٽףһҪǿԽշѵĶͼֹܹΪˣ¶ˡһ˵ͷȻɻ󣬵ϻǺܿظлǶԼ֧֣ʾһǿⷽĹ
һΪ»͵Ϊֹˣ˭֪һԺʡ̨ƵȻ̨ĽĿӷѵġһʱ֮䣬νշѵľٴ룬ȫʡ˹㷺עСϢ˵ʡʡίǳԪ̬Ҫץʵʵڵؼϰոǵĺϵѧ
ʮ·Ժһ½½ؽӴʮʡڸеĿšѧϰţǶǳźνշġȻ˾ƣӦֵеͬ־ô飬ȻҲûоǧ֮ĵһֻøӴһæһ۵òУȵʼνշѵʱҪۣ쿪ᡢӴȾƣ۲Ź֣ÿλҪԺú㣬УǾ޷֮ѵġ
һ⵱ȥһˣ־ƻ㱨˵ǰ˵ʵеûףĳԼ˵Ǳ״
־ĵĹЦЦ˵Ǳ״һӻ޷ش㣬ֻ˵һ˫нúȻ󣬷֮϶Ǳ״󡣾ǰ˵߻ȱһίǶȻģ˽ܾǲɿڡҵĹ۲죬ӦίӳЧ棬˵һ¡Ӧûǵ뿪֮ǰ˵ĹΪ֮ɣΪٵľ棬ʵԼ󻯣ǹؼҲռĿꡣڴ˹УǲųòЭЩǲԣ̫ںһʱĵʧҪڳԶ˽ܺǶ׷󻯣ôУһҪúðգҲҪʵԼ󻯡
һ־ƵĻéٿ֮УȷʵУҲԼ뷨ܿ˵йǶԺһͶ˺ͷΪʵ棬ԻཻòЭ⻰ûһиǰᣬڲߵ¡˵ߣǾһˣȻٴ󻯵ˡǶԼܿľٶɴһϵۣ;öŮΣԷȻ붯˼ôĺȻ֪ˡ
ֵҩƷ۸ιʱУһһ˼Ժ󣬾Ŀǰʱ̫ʺϵġۿھҪٽˣҹ״̬Ȼ̫ãʱȥĻЧ֪ԵԶʾʱһҪżʱȡʩѹ˶ȥ˽һֵϣȽںٲȡӦĴʩ
ԶԺ󣬾úеиܵһҩƷ۸ľģҲɵôʱνշѵţû˵ֳһFΪܵнֵıáԶʱǲҲֵԼˡô˵ог棬ֻҪɺñְʲôģһٲ˵ġ


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¶ʮһʱһȥһݣڳǶˮ԰СһһƷ֤дǼܿ֡
һеʱ򣬿ųϴĻĺҶݣ÷Ժ󣬲Ŵ˸绰ܿܿӵ绰Ժ󣬺ǿģ˸ͱˡ
ϳԺ󣬲Ŵ˸绰ĸף˵ȥе飬չ˺úӡܿĸʵͷʱе㲻Ծ֪ŮףҲֻ۱ֻۣûȥʲô
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극Ժһһһ˳ϳ֮ǰһļ˵£ģҲܼЩһһأֻҪʲô¶β͵ġ
һһжȻԳģ֮ǰѾФ˽ûжԹǱҲûʲôջһΪżҲԷһɢļ󣬵ʱڰһ򾡡
һ˲ٵľƣԺȫɢ˼һ㣬ڳһҲ붯Ȼﳤҵ˳ղžͼ˺棬һҲûע⣬ڿԺæ¿ԼԺ󣬻ҪٹкȻ󣬻ҪϳװģضһȦٻòۣԼûأٺ٣һںЦ
һԺУǾﳤҵǲףе̫ˣҪĸ˵µĻɲġ˵ˣʲô˵飬ŵɾ˵ȥˡ⣬ڻĹһֱͲһС⣬Իٵһ˵ǰ;ͥӵеһСһʶµԣ治öﳤҵſڣ±Ͼ£ô˵̫ʵġ
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һϣһû˯ãȻΣһԺȴʲôҲǵˣƲѡȥˮϴһԺһ࣬¥ȥ緹
緹׼ȥϰֻ࣬ͻȻͨԺ󣬾Ȼǲֳ׻ĵ绰һʼе֣һԷһΪﳤҵ飬һĻǲ֡
绰ͨԺ󣬾׻˵ֵܣĶأſ˰壬ôû˿ţ
ոѽ˼Ѿˣ£һʵ
Ķأ͹ȥ㡣׻ƳٵĻᣬֱ˵
һһ㶣ԷĿĲݣ˵ʵʱ׻һ̯Ѿҵˣ治ٽ֦ˣ׻˼ƺǷǼɡһ뵽ʱʱʽԷǺܸӵģʱƺҲֻø߶ԷԼ¥ǰСԵء׻˵Ժ͵һҡҡͷһ֧̣׻ĵ
һճ̣Ϳһɣͣſڣ׻ƿŴӳˡߵһǰЦ˵ϵܣҿһѽ
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׻˵ǣǣˣ쵼ǣ´һע⡣˵ȴһ뷨ҪϵƵøɸɾˣһĶȥ㡣
ո磬⻰ɾɱˡһһ֧̣˵
׻ӹ̣˳ΪһϻȻ˵ЦѣϵܲҪ⡣طϵܣһȥ˵
һ˵ͷ룬ƲˣǴʲô⣬ǧҪסһԭ򡪡ֻ˵̬
һǰһ׻ĳԺ׻˳ؿ˳ȥǰһξ룬һСӣ׻һ򣬳˽ȥСһô׻ѳͣһŤԿϨ˻Ȼһ̸֧һЦֵܣϸ²ѽٺ٣ϡ
һ˻ϵĴʾл𣬲ͶԷˡžһ˻𣬵ԺһڣȻѴҡ͵ذ˳ȥſ׻һ˵ϸ磬л뽲֮ͲҪЩˡ
׻һжڼѡûܽΣ˼̬Ⱦͺܲˡ쵽⣬˵̻ңȻ˵ֵܣﳤҵ飬һ֪˰ɣ
һ˵ͷ¿ѾĴСˣ޷ϡ
׻ص˵ͷȻ˵ұõ飬ҹܲţ¶ҿɲ˲СӰ죬ǵ͵ڼѽϵܣ˵ǲǣ
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׻΢΢һ䣬Էе˼ȻܲףҲ˵ʲôϾ˼Ұæģ˵˲á뵽Ժ׻һ飬Ȼ΢Ц
һ״룬ȷʵеУ˵ôףװѹֵǷҲҪһѵʵ֤ȷʵǶĶˣҪȻҲ˳ϲֳı֪κ«﾿ʲôҩһ밵Լһע⣬ҪһС˶ԷĵȻºûʲô̫ĹϵﳤҵѾùˣһٻʲô
׻װһε˵ֵܣԺķԼˣ㿴ǿԱʱҾˣ㶼ѾǸˣһһƣ˵˺ţ
һ⻰ʱһûŪ׶Է˵ʲôǰĻһϵ˹εһߡһЦݣپǳˬҪŻĸо˵˻޳ܣй֮޲
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׻⻰Ժֻε˵ðɣ˼ˣϵܵˣȥɡ
ˣ͵ˡһϵıûκα仯΢Ц˵˵ֱ꣬ƿȥˡ
׻ŷ⾵һӰԽԽСʧһսǴﲻһʧ䡣֪ϢԺͶԽ˵ֳеƼɲ棬Ƿǳţˣô˵ҲֻһƶѡﳤҵˣۿλǱסˣô˭ܹһгλÿճǲÿŬһ
Դ־ߺ׻ӾͺǼѣ˽ܺǶа°Լ˻ȥ˼һ˭ղȨء׻ǵ͵Ѳ׾˾˲Ǿᣬﳤҵʩһѹͨ־ƷԼһѣгλãô޺֮ˡǳ־˵Ѿ뿪ˣڣҪԸĻʵǸССԸûκ⡣
ڿһıԺ˱һ㣬ʧˣ϶ûκϣˣ˼Ѿ˵ˣﳤҵ뿪ˣȥʩѹʲôأȻҲɵһ˵ʲôʲôĵزԾٹ۲һʱ䣬˵뵽Ժ׻Ƶط˳ʻȥ
һһ·ϱ߱룬׻ȷʵе̫ɶˣ侮ʯĹɵ˺֮ǰһӡǺܲģ˵Ϊ˵ϲֳеʱ⣬ƺҲпԭ벻ȻôһеҪٲҪˣһ¶һ˿м顣
˰칫Ժѧæӭӹһְͽ칫ҡһƳһϣֻ豭ðѧѾΪѲˣɵð˵ͷʱײѡ飬Ǻܲġڣһ֧̣Ȼ˰칫ңѧ˵ҵгǱ̸飬ûرҪ飬Ҫҡ
ѧһ˼һ˹ֱӵݣǵ˵ͷ˵ģϰ塣
һ˵ͷȻתķ¥ݿȥİ칫ҵﳤҵİ칫ңһҲûһеһ˿֣ⰲδе̫ˣתһ룬׹ˡǶ˽һȥݿˣﳤҵ״ôŻ㱨һ֮ءһͨԺ󣬲ҡҡͷ˵ů⻰һҲûҲ⡣
һϵ¥תͿﳤҵվϣڵˡһԺӭԶ⣬ʹ˵гˣг㡣
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 ոµıǩ
˰칫ҵԺһﳤҵɳϣ˼죬ϵɫѴྶͥһЦ˵ɫѽȥԺջСѽ
Ǻǣѽﳤҵվߺһֱ˵쵽ǱԺϰǻȥˣûҸ̻ˡ
һЦ˵һǿļ˰ɣ
ﳤҵһЦЦÿЦĿ˵ϵܣʱ̫Ҳã˼ʡ
Ҵٳϵ˭֪쵼Խݣ˵Խǿ㡣һЦ˵µԺ쵼ǰһȻһرĻ˵Ժһͣסˣûм˵ȥ˭ɵӣЩȻ˵ôס
ѽϰԺ󣬾˵ʱżȱܱܷͷһԺšﳤҵ˵
һʵϰû˵˵ţ
Ҳû˼ʣϰ嵹һ¡ﳤҵһ˵˵ίɫһΡ
һһί츱Σؼ氾ʱ䣬ĻᱻΪϰﳤҵӡ˵øҲΪںĻҪΪǿɱȵ컹ѣΪһĸλίǡ˴ΡгЭϯ⼸λ˶ȥյģĻʱ֮ǲκα仯ġ˵˴ΡЭϯδؿϡһĻﳤҵȥԺ󣬷չĿռԱںҪöࡣ
һȻ뵽⻰ȴ˵ڣܲ˵ϲﳤҵɣȥôǳһ˶Էһۣ˵Ǳôûʲô°ɣ
˴ҹûʲôˡﳤҵһɵ˵Ѿ˵ˣµˣҾȥ顣
һﳤҵ˵⻰ʱУ֪ǹװģǶλѾˡһźߣΪĻܹͣΪʲô˲ܲ˵ԭ룬һûбҪһ¶ԷΪϾС£漰飬ѽҲѽѽȵȡﳤҵ˵ϸ磬ˣɲǶϷǺӡ
ˣΪ˺ӡʲôģһֱšãʲôģ̸ˣҲѾ˵ˣԸңҲûʲôﳤҵ쳣ƽ˵ĸо̸۵һԼ޹ϵ顣
һõزˣƺҲûʲôȥıҪˣǾȰŻ˵ʮһ׮飬ǹȥϻͷҲǶ£߲һȥ˸ɾһһ£Ŭһ죬ʵǱߵô
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ﳤҵûпڣɳһɣԼ̫ѨһóеԽ֮ǰԼ׻ٵȷʵеӰ죬ﳤҵĿ϶
һбҪ뷨ĻѲ豭һţȻ˵Ѿ㼴뿪ϢˣӦò涯Խˡ
ŶﳤҵӦһò˵棬ҶȷʵпǷԺлĻһ취ֲ
һûпڣȴǳң˸ղŶ˸ۣﳤҵڵ״̬ĻһȥţǼ⣬Ļ˵ܰ⡣³׽֮ǰһҪעΧĶﳤҵķӦ쳣ٶۣݽȥûʲôϰѾ֣㲻õĻ˵뱻һҲ顣
һ֮ǰﳤҵ˵ȥǱ߿ɣѾˣٳʲô£ʱɾͻ֮ˡ
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һûٶ˵ʲôֱֻģȻת˰칫ҵš
ص칫ԺһϾͷ۵ĸоȷʵ˵㣬ҺзǳеĹϵ˵ңһûﳤҵעҪ뿪ˣϰİţں̨ϣעһʧߡ뿪ԺƨµǸλùĵһܶ࣬һʱҲе㲻ˡҪǰʱܰѳίϵİɣгܲģڡһﲻЩʧ֮УȻҲ˵ȫûлᣬеıǺܴġ
ʱԶ׼ʱһİ칫ҡһ˽һ½ڼĽԶŻ㱨˵г˼ǿܹЧܲá˳Ƕļҩ꣬÷ǳϸûʲô⣬ǻɡ˵Ժûм˵ȥ۶һһϣͨı仯³뷨
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һ⻰ԺһæʵԶѽ⻰ʲô˼ʲôаҩƷļ۸˸Ķ
гҵ˼Ѿ֪ʱ䣬Ҫȥ飬԰ҩı¶޸ĹˡԶɫص˵ǵ޶˲²⣬Ϊÿһҩ꣬ע۸Сǩոµġһ£ԲøҩƷ֣ܽ͵ͨġ
һüͷһ£Զ˵ԶţǷôûмʱ㱨أ
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һ⻰Ժһͷαϣ˳˼ղԶŻ㱨ȷʵ𾪣ҩƷļ۸˸Ķζʲôһе㲻ˡ˼˺һԺһӣԶ˵֣һ֮ǰǸҪ󣬲ȡʲôֶΣֻҪĿǰҩƷʵۼ۸Ϳˡ˵ôǾͲҪˣһġ
Զ⻰ԺǸж֮ǰһֱԥģ֪ҪǲĻһСгȻѴ¶еܲ˸жءԶؿһ˵гģһʧģһ¸ˮʯ
һ˵ͷʵˣԶžֳ㿴ʲôطҪҰæģ
Զһ˵гǲǺ͵̨˴к֮ǰȥϵˣ˼Ҹǣ˵±쵼ͷ㿴
һ⻰ԺᡰŶһûٿˣȴֹ²ʲô£˵ֵ˳棬̨Ӧøӣ֪мʲô״


һʮ 쵼н
һ֮ǰӦ͵̨˴кģӶ飬һˡһԶһۣ˵֪ˣһȥ͵̨ϵģӦⲻнˣѧϵͣԺһʵ£û飿
Զ˼һصҡҡͷ
һ״Ժ󣬴̺һ֧ӸԶţԼҲһ֧Ժص˵иϢҪͨһ£ҪͼļŵùͨһͨôˣҲҪڽţĻӰҵĹ
Զż˵أﲻһ࣬ʶ塣һ״΢΢Ц칫ֵͬ־ңǷ˶ǵңڲͬʱвͬˣҲǷ֡Һ˵һµĿģ߾裬ֹ⣬Ȼ˻ᱣ֤ǵİȫ㲻̫ڵģôûʲô⣿
гģСڰţԷԽԽ˵顣Զһ˵
һɵõ˵ͷԶŻȷʵеҲǲ½ӦÿԷġһһ¶Զ˵ȻŸոտʼҲˣˮӦûǱȽģǲҪżеʱ䣬飬²У£²Ǿʮ£ҿ˭ĵù˭˵ʱķŭԺﲻɵøֳӰһСŮӣҲµȥ֣һȺ
ԶԺһһµ̨飬ҩƷ۸бزٵһԶ˳ȥǶʱûٳԱҪȻղŲһƵı顣
̨̨вïʢͬʱκĸյˣ˵һְģȻΩǴӡһڿǺͲïʢϵֱӺϵǾïʢô˵
һóͨѶ¼ҵ̨̨ïʢĵ绰ֱӴ˹ȥ绰Ժ洫һι˭
һüͷһ壬̬ǲ̫ǿһ㣬ǻشãǲ̨һ
绰ǱһĬȻ漴˸Ƶģ࣬һЩĵ˼ԭгѽǲ˼ղŻΪ˭ִ绰Ͷߵģ£
һһˬһҲ̫ܿ²ˣ漴ش̨ǳͶ𣿡
ǣǣгˣҲ˼绰ﴫһ󼱴ٵ
һЦ˵̨Цţ
绰ͷĲïʢҲŸЦʱŷ޲øԼһ⣬ҽҲҪҸõģô˵ΪͶأⲻǵ͵İʯͷԼĽ𣿸ղŵ绰͵ʱһȫעضסһŮͿӵ绰ʱȻûʲôÿïʢЦݣֺõʵгʲôԸ
Ǻǣ̨̫ˣĶҷԸ㣬мæһЦ˵ȻΪ˴µ̬Ⱥǲȴò֮ϾҲ
г˵ɱˣʲô飬ֻܷԸֻҪģïʢĵ˵
һҲٺӣֱӰרҩƷ۸˵ˣǫ̃һ£ĻԱϰǻҩƷ۸С鷴ӳҩ۵
һ˵Ժ󣬵绰ͷþõûлظһһ֪ˣһʲôˡ
ȻïʢĬԺ૵˵гҪ飬ҿԱ֤ףе˵
һҲ˺棬Ƕŵ绰˵̨˵ϴ
䣬ïʢ˵гһѾ֪ˣ֮ǰֵѾղ˵Ǹ鳤ģֵĸֳ
˵Ժͣһûдǻֻü˵г治Ҳ죬ʵǺܼ򵥵飬Ӿܸˣ֮ǰ쵼Ѿˣǲ÷κκҽйصšͼƬͱһЩµ˵Ѵǲ˼ˣ˵⻰Ժ󣬲ïʢֲһ䣺гҿ㻹Ǻϴͨһ£ֻҪͷˣұ֤ʮԺ󣬵ϾܳصĻ
һ⻰Ժȥֲ̨̨һ͹Ҷ˵绰
վȻԴ绰Ų÷ҽصϢϢֵζӦúԼץʱʲôϸϸ˵棬ӦûǷԼһ飬ҲͰˣȻڿӣδҲ̫е˵ȥһֻһŭӿͷ绰׼ָ˵
ָսӴ绰ϵּ͵ͣסˣԺ͵ðһʺţǲԼ鱻֪ˣΪԼһ뵽ʱе㲻ˣ⻰ôأͷۡãҲûеİ취Ҫ°ʱˣǾʱȷһţϵʱٺúһ롣
ϻصԺһϸ˼⣬ԼĵֵĿӦò֮䣬ûʲôʵԵĶ֪ҲӦùֲͷϣӦþ֪ܿҪ˵ԼյģһţԲԸ񡣼ȻΪ飬ס͸Ӳˣ˵᲻Ӧƺе̫ˡһȥݷһˣܸһʲôĽ͡뵽Ժֻͨյĵ绰׼ȴкԤԼһʱ䣬˼ұϾ쵼ػǱġ
绰ͨԺһֱ˵ҪȥݷһµġЦ˵һгǲ˼ҪҪܻ㿴ɣһٺϵ
һ⻰ԺҲö˵ʲôֻ㬵ع˵绰ɶԷ⻰ļٵģôɺϵ飬תһ룬ӦòǼٵģòûбҪƭԼһҰοһ׼˯͵𣬺񲻶ԣҪհ飬ֻҪһ绰ܸ㶨˵ûڳĹҲûѽ˼ҼȻѾܾˣӲţԵеȤˣֻõȵ˵ˡ
һԺﳤҵ˺ûȷȥֻ˵ã˶Ϊá֪Ҫȵء
뿪֮ǰϣһھΪСһټİ䣬ˣһãﳤҵĸо֪Ȼ֪뿪ﳤҵ˵һһ£˾˭˲˺һƿԺﳤҵһļ˵ֵܣ³ԺһҲڣҪ㣬ⷽĻһҪ֮ģЩһֱˣʲôжʹó
һ˵ͷʵﳤҵѣѾԼˡֺСﳤҵˡһͷܺˣҲûڶ˵ˣҲδǼ¡
һپƺһ֪ﳤҵƵĲǴӺ˳Ϊֹͱһ˭µ֣˵ĿһҲΪ
Դ־ǵõ׼ԺﳤҵˣҲôˣѳζǵ룬˭п֣Ȼʧġʱ䣬ͷ룬ҰѺйڵˣһһֽдȻԺջһ
Ľûﳤҵˣˣ˲ôݵһţҪ־ƳֵĻ;ͻˣͷȻ֪˭ɵģºбƵˡ


һʮһ 
һﳤҵ͵¥ϵķ䣬ԴӳԺﳤҵûٻعһֱסھ档׼ֱȥסģϸһǣûȥҪһػʲôģ˭Ȳˡﳤҵ˯ģһٴξøղŵľǶôȷʱ̣һһѣֿԿʼһոµ
Ȼ˲پƣһǼְѳ˼ңĵ¥򿪷ԺֱҶȥڴϣֱһ˯˹ȥҲ֪˶ãû䣬һתˣһϾȻʲôҲûиǣ˯ˣѹֻ䡣͵ؾСһǣæȥһԺˢ˸ϴһ»صϵʱȴôҲ˯ˡ
һղﳤҵ˵Ļﲻɵе㷢ŵĸоﳤҵԺ飬Ȼƨˣȥί츱ΡԼƵĻǽأ
һ뵽Ժֻͷ亹ֱðҪ˵֣Ź־ƵҲݵɳӡҹ˾ʱһӿһݺ֮飬Ȼŷ١ܿĺã־ý¶᲻ˡ˵һìܵĶǶ˵һҲû˼ǰģҲ֪˶ãһԺ˯˹ȥ
ڶһңһ͵һˣղԼԼؿݺﳤҵǸˣ˼Ҫתʱˡһɵð޲ѣĸ˵ںʹơ
һʱ˯ȫޣʵʱﳤҵһҲһֱĥ˭ڱµĺ֡˵ʵһҳһ˯ðʱҹ;جΣȥҲǺͷԣԹƺô飬һҲֻҪע۲죬ٽƻĺҲ¶β͵һ̣ЩžԲԵ޹ʵԼɵҵĳȥġ
Ҳ֪˶ãһȻԺ˯ˣֱֻƺһѣæʼˢϴ׼ʼһĹ
칫ԺһһǺϵʱ䣬ѾͶԷϵ˺öΣ֮ǰݿᡣһ;úƣôһôæµġ
ε绰ȥʱûѣ˵̨иңӦʱ䡣һæ˵ʱһȥ֮һֱϵգһǿĹȷʵ벻̨֧֣һҲ뿴վʲôƣһֱĵģΪʲôյı֣һ˵һһҿյյ׵Ļǲ
һһյİ칫ȥʹ⣬ģҶһһ飬ҿ㻹ҳʲô
Ĳ칫ſڣֻյС칫ϣ׼ǰѾվһá
һ˵Ժ˵ûйǲҪ绰ϵһ¡һæ˰֣ʾûбҪȻָָɳֱ״Ҳûж˵ʲôһԺ󣬼æˡ
ֵʱ򣬳˰칫ҵſڣһæվӭȥռһǿ䣬ȻýԼİ칫ҡɳһΪ˷ֹԷٹҶֱӿ˵˼ˣһֱҪҪһǳҪĹҪ㱨
⻰Ժ΢Ц˵г⻰ˣӭܹ˵㱨ʲôģɾͳԶˡǺǡЦ󣬼˵ǰʱӶģеСæ˵䲻ЦĻŵĹеʱеûţæʱҲæͷۣɲҪӴһ˵ҡҡ
һѹһͰҪں̨һĻ飬˵˳һرעˣᶼûᣬֵѾ͵̨ϵ顣
ĻԺ˵г벻Ϊ飬Ҫڵ绰˵һĻҾ㲻Ҫˡ
⻰Ժһûпڣֻüͷ塣յ⻰ȷʵе㲻ˬΪһίίأһˣòĻ˵еˣ˾ò⡣
ռһû˵ϲˬıѾǳˣֻа̾һ˵гҵ˼ղ˵£ֵѾ͵̨Ĳ̨ϵˣҲ˻㱨˵ʵûͬ⣬Ҳֵ˵ˡ˵Ժչͣ˻磬ȴһĻش
һ״΢΢һ˵˵ָµͬ־ȷʵһ㱨ˡԺе㲻̫ǵĻӦòʲô˵飬֪ΪΡ
һʻԺﰵһ֮ǰһֱŮ˵γɫе㲻šһȻ鴫͸ղŵ仰һҲһʮ֮ڣ˵˵ˣʵҲˣûаƢ
һ˵гղŵǻһûȷʵһС£СʣԵö࣬ڲҶºܹģίҪ쵼ܹģҲΪѣŲò飬¡
һ⻰ԺһղյĻѾ˵úˣ²ͬ⣬ίҪ쵼ͬ⡣ίҪ쵼Ȼָ˽ܣĻɾֵˣ˽Ϊʲǫ̂ͬϰվٱҩƷ߼۸ĻأҲе̫˷ѽˡһһ£װһʵˡðһ䣬ίҪ쵼ʲôǺý
뵽̫ˣҪ֮ǰһ׼治֪λشءװ˼״˺һԺ󣬲˵г⣬һ治֪ôش㣬Ϊ쵼ָʾʱҲöʲô˵ǰɣ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ죬⻰ղŵǻж쵼֮ӡһ֮ǰ뵽˿ܻôһ֮ԻҪʣΪһ̽ʵ˽ȷʵ˻ֲͬһзǳӰ죬ҪܵŪ
һ˼ʱּ˵гҰҵĲ˵һ˵ο㿴ôֻҸ˵һ뷨˵öҲãҲã벻Ҫֽ档
һ˵ͷյⷬﵹǺܸȤԷ˵ʲô׵
ն칫ϵı±һڲԺ󣬿һ˵гģҪǸĻڵһǲǻ˲һִҽҩҵļ۸ܲǷϰ֮ӡ±˼õĻ˵һЩϵĶĻɲάᰲŽĴ󻷾ί쵼Ǵ濼ǵġ
һ󰵰˵ͷò˵յҵȷʵܸ˲Ϊֽ֮кõĳ嶯һǳҪϸڡһǰ̴ŮˣЦ˵һϯʤʮ֮Уһܽˣ
һĻֿ˻ĥãдǣ֮ĲŹءһġԺ쳣ĵ˵гл뽲ʲôǵġ
һ΢΢һͷ˵Ҿֱ˵ˣֵ֪ԶŸֳȥ̸̨ʱ򣬲ïʢ̨͸˵йָʾʱ䲻òκκҽҩҵйصĹ桢ĻȵһصĶ֪ǲô£


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һ˵֪ǧȴһˣ˼ˣ޷͡
˺һᣬ˵Ҳǲˣӵ쵼ĵ绰ԺҾֱӴ˸绰ïʢ˵ʱʲôģһû̫⡣
һЦû˵ֱվˡѾ˵ˣٴȥʲôأ
һ߱룬ôôᾪ˽أ˷ѽⲻѣ⻰յһ֮ǣ˵Ǽ٣һӻ޴ӵ֪һԿ϶ǿ϶ˡһһֱߵҩ۱һʲôãڹȻں̨һϰվٱĻһг棬ûиĶҪ˵ȥĻûж˻ţȴʵķˡ
Ȼ˹죬һʱǲҪ쿴Ū澿ʲô״Ȼ
Ժһ磬һسʱ򣬾ʱ͵ţ°ѳս˿ζſڵʱһû³ֻۣһ糣ڻûеԷʱ䣬Ավһ̸ЦźҲڰ̨æʲôñȽԶԿòһﲻʱ򣬹ⲻ֮ǰǰæµˣҲĶȥϾ˵ζǺܲġ뵽Ժһ뵽ǵжʱûˣеˡ
׼¿뿪֮ʣ͵ؿӿίһһţ֪Ƕĳһɻ֮ʣͻȻֺȻһ󱼳ۣһǼֵƵġһĳλ̹ͶʣҪȻͷǶҲšʱ䣬û˵ʲôѽѵǶ˽½Ӵģ±ȥһ
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һšһȻֱӹҶ˵绰ˣͲܸɫĻֻᶯʲôˣֵ͵ĸɫͿȾ
һ绰Ժ¿ֱӻȻѧ˵ѧѽղŹȥ۳ܸߵģ˵Ǵۿģû
ѧһ˼⳵ôߵҲǴֱӿģϰ˼ò鱼۳еˣ˵ϰ壬Ҿòǣǲǣȥ˽һ²֪ȥӡ֤һ¡ڳûˣĻҲ˵ñȽֱס
һÿɷ񣬰ͷαһ۾
ԴﳤҵԺ󣬺еĹٳעһӿˣµϢȷԺ˶ʼæµĿȻµĳгλáΪеʶģ׷ŷȻҲŶΪγԺԭȵλþͿˣȻҲͳΪһЩ׷Ŀꡣ
ô˵УϴľȻԶٺ׻׻Ȼǿ˸гλ⣬ԶٵıɻѣΪ˵ĻԺɶǰأҪӵĻδе̫Բˡ
һǰԺ󣬶ԶٵмģԭҪжһԺ˽ܵˣ࣬ӲҪһĻһǲˬֱӷˮԲ˽Ը⿴ĽԶͶǶԺ󣬸һЩڴȣȻкܴĲ࣬Ƕһͦλ
ԶٵгҲǳ˵ΣŮһ㣬ʱ򣬾ԲӦϴġʱڣҪǵ͵ֻ˵˲ſԿڣĻ˼ôſڡҪԸĻӦúǰɲ޹ϵ
һֱµף˵ʱҿյĴԽԽˣûˣҶĵȴƵġյ׼ҿ֮ǰʱٸʲôãʲôƣԵö࣬Ҳ籩¶ĵơ飬ԴҶһѡ˳Ĭһصģ
Ժί֯񸱲ѧ´һ˺Ժ˶д۾֮Уúܲ˼顣ԭгһΪггҲ˳ίֻ׻һгλá
ԶԺˬһߡôҲ벻ףǶѾˣôһⲻǵ͵Թ޵
һϢԺҲһֻϳίͺ֪ˣ벻һֱӱΪ˳ίг⻹е֮⡣ȻҪ˴ͨ˭ֻ֪Ǹʽѣ䶼˵˴پ֣Э֡⻰ȻеţҲ˵һЩֽ׶λĹٳ״
ȹѧߺ˽ܺǶȺ뿪˻᳡һ֮ǣίκȴ˹֣Ц˵гϲϲ
м⣬Ǻܿ췴Ӧ˹סκ͵˵лκǹģԺָ̡
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һæҾ͹ˣݵҵ²裬һȥ
Ǻǣ벻гҲһһޡκ˵
һΪһ˵Ҿ˵һллˡ
䣬ټԺ󣬾͸Իذ칫ȥˣ̶̵ļ仰˵Ŀɶ˵ˣǴ˺ĳھôȼԺϸ̸Ҳһʱ
һص칫Ժﲻֹ˵κ;ҪԼҲûбҪǴ֮ͥ˵ôأһ˺һԺƺеˣλεĸǳһԺе㲻ʼįˣҲѹ֣ѾĻֵĽΣȴûκεĻȨ˭Ҳѽ
뵽ԺһﲻеһˣԼλõǨԸ˲ҲߣôȡͳΪ˿ܡⴺյǰһ͵ؾö־ƵЩµ򣬿λı⻰˵һ㲻ΣǾԲеĵġ
һϲ֮࣬ҲûǴ绰ϰ壬ʾһ¸лⳣгǴϵڱǾʹشˣڻĹٳֿΪ㡣
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һæ̬ԺһʵЧؿչ־һͣԺ˵һ仰ܹ˳γгǿǷ˻ģ´ݵĻһȥݷһ¡
һһ⻰æ˵ϰ壬ұĩ׼ȥһˣ֪Ƿܰݼ쵼־Цһ˵²ȹʱ˵ڵĵ֮ǰϵĹץЧҺͳǵҲй⣬¶иϾ̫ѽ
һһٱʾлȻ߹Ҷ˵绰ӸղϰĻУһΪ˰Լλϰ壬ݵϴί˶˲Сѹ


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ղϰ̾Ǿ䡰Ͼ̫ˡ֤Ȼ¡һپϵĵӺǳأͬʱҲ¶һҪɳó
һܵʱ䣬һ칫ˣͬһûϹҲѹ֣Ʋǳгһ²̸ں׵ȻӮңͲòںٳѾڷ紫һδԾྩģݺܲһ㣬ھʲôݣû˵
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һ״ɵõ˵ͷȷʵѹκͰ̩Դش˺С鷳Ǯˡһ˵һ䡣
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һǰȥǮں󡣵ǰ칫ҵʱǮ˵г룡
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֪ˣôûǣҲûгֵºȲ죡κ˵
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룡κͿĵ˵
һ߱룬֮ǰϵλȷʵǺе뷨Ѿʼįˣ̨ϵϷԽԽ˼ˡ
˸ոǮκ˵ϵܣһ²ժļƷ֪ǷͶĿڡ
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ǺǣͽǣкöҪֵܡһһ˵κһ˵
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һԼƺʧȥһǿԮֵʱֽһµѡڽСʱʱ棬ȻʲôҲû˵Ѿղش˹ʶҪʲô鶼Ҫ˵ĻҲ̫ûмˣĵĹٳΪҪľǣֻ᲻Դ
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˵ίǵ飬ʱٿǶô˵һҪסϾŵгۺ˿ǴѴѵģһҪȻίҪϳί۵ģһ£ֻҪ߰ѡȷˣίǱǲֵģĻ̹֮ӡͺĿǰģϾ˽ܺǶȻﶷúףϻһźġ
һ˼֮ʣͻȻƵ֣һѧǲţԤʾ˹ˣǳſ˵һϣѧԺ˵ϰ壬ίҪ㱨һ¹
һ㱨Ժ뵽λδô㱨ģһҲΪԼҪˡ뵽ԺһһЦǶѧ˵ν
ѧȥԺһ׼վӭ͵һ룬ƺԡǳгˣһι㱨ҲǺûбҪʾ飬İõϣֱߵһļõǰװ濴
ƽԺ󣬼һͷļһ࣬ɲǸͷ쵼ļһҪ˵ס뵽òûĶλ½ĳгѽĪ鲻ã̾ǵù˼ȻѾˣȻû˻ȥĵǰһ˵гãǿƣ㱨
һ̧ͷʱװȻԷӣ΢Ц˵ԭѽ˵ͬʱǷһҲûпȥļƵһߡ
Ƽ״ŷղŵĵǶģ쵼ȷʵڿļû˵뷨ذӣڰ칫ǰϣ˰ƨɡһ״˵ͷ׼Ļ㱨ģ̬ڵúܵͣϸ˶Էۡƿȥʮ䣬ͷȴ˲ٰͷú룬Ҳǳͦһ˶˼ֺøУӦһȽʵϵˡ
һڹ۲ƵͬʱƺγҲڹ۲쵽˼һģԺ󣬲ĸ쵼㱨ģʵҶ֪νĻ㱨ʵվӡ
֮ѡһ˿ϵľ޴Ǳ⣬һԭ򣬾˽ܲԸֿǶ˵κ͸̸˿һˣûпʲôԺߵĿ⣬˽֮ôأ˽ܵϣظ츱ΪίΣ˵Ӧʲôѽ
µĸӻͨ˽ܵˣԭظλƴҵϡоиλвǱ˽취ѶԷȥ߷Ȼǲɵ͹ģû೤ʱ䣬ȥ˿˵һҲһʵְ£ȥл˽ܿ붼롣
һǴһ㱨ĻӣѿĹ򵥵һԺ󣬱㿪ʼʵʩΪҪļƻ̽˭ȻҵĽںΣ˭Ҳɵſھʵġ
һ΢΢ЦЦ˵Σ⣬һ治ûش㣬Ϊг칫Ҫſ˭ȥε£ǿĹһһ¥ˡ
ƵûƴҸовȻһ򵥵һе˼Ȼ֪еľȻţʱҪĻͥѾˣһҧ˵г˭ȥǱߣΪгɲܲǿѽҵֱ쵼ѽڹٳ켣Ͻ⻰˵̫λˣԼ̬ȣ쵼ˬ
һЦ˵Σҳէûʲô飬кܶǶأ
г⻰ɾ͹ǫˣĿõģҪѧϰŶԡƹŲ˵


һʮ 
˵ˣ˵ȥȻûʲôҪˣ䣬վǡ֮ǰ˵иһ̣ϵʱٴ绰һȻָ֪ǿһֵ飬ΪղѾҪٿг칫ᡣһҲˬشӦˡ
Ʊ̬վӣһǳջͨ飬һٴθܵ˳гԺ󣬽ɫתˣջ֮ǰȣͬնκͺȻǳųгλģǳʲôĿģ㶼һµġ
һʮֵĻңĸгѾˣ˼Ժ󣬶΢΢һкεĸг׻뿪λã˸֡
һߺ֣߿˵ͷʾ⣬ݲһˣܵĴҲһԺ˴ݵĲҶڣκ͵Ҷǲ
Ƕ˻ҵĴţһʹһ΢΢һкԺɨȫһۣȻ˵Ҷˣ׼ᡣ⻰Ժ󣬴Ҷڳһ̬ƣϾӵԺĵһг飬ұλҪȷҵķֹ
ǶڵЧʱ֮Ҳһɨա豭ģغڲ裬һҲʣʱĶǱġںȲʱ۾ɨһߵĸһԣϵı鶼ܵûһ˿Ե⣬Ȼ˳ίλú֮ǰûκα仯һе˿͸Ҫ֪֮ǰһֱĩģһԾ϶λãȻҲеĥ͸
Ƕ׼ԶλģҲһЩõͷκŮ˲ûö飬ȻѾҷŷ磬յĽ֪ԴǶͲһǰ컹ݺݵһ٣ǳ²ࡣ
ǶҲԶٲ±Q񸱵λܰµĻҲǳСΪһΪȥݷʱ򣬶ԷѾ˵ˣλͲҪ뷨ˣܲһίɡǶ⻰ԺһϴˣԲ˵ΪĻ˸ӵġ
յĽһ˳˳񸱵λãҲ˵˺ϴ뵽һʱǶֻͷ۲ѣΪǣһֹ⣬ڼ˼˰ޡ
һоǶĿʱʱԼɨҲֹλڴʲô⣬ĪǺͷֹйأĻ˹ע뵽Ժһ˹ȥ
ǶоһĿԺͷƫһߣ˵λǾʽʼᣬΪҽһλͬ־ְ˵ԺǶͣĿһһɨͣʱĿг֮ͬ⡣
һ޷޵Ĳƽ֮ɫ룬˽϶壬ҲЦһ֮ѡ
Ƕⷬл֮⣬ѵ˲֪һĳ˳гίίг׻½ĸг
Ƕһһ˽ܣȻҲúôһڽԵʱ۾һǿ룬㲻֮ɳеѽ˽ܻͨͨھǶôһͣԼӴˣǶǸСˡ
ԺǶֺ˺üڲ裬æΪˮǶѱмһƣ˵棬ǽڶ̣۹ڴҵķֹ⡣
⻰һ˵˵񾭶ˣǹϵģĲŹ֣һӶˣ˭ҲϣԼֹܵҪűϷֳȥԹעȱҪࡣ
Ƕ˵Ŀǰһгͬ־Ҫȥ֧Ԯ⣬ʣǾһ´ҵķֹλʲôһᣬ˵һ˵Ϊ˹
⻰һ˵Ժ˵Ŀⶼ뿪ǶŲ豭ǿŸֱʻ߱ӣ·͵һӿ˻Ƶġһ££˭Ը˲顣
Ƕһ£ûӧ΢Ц˵ҵĴֹ۶ǿҾ˵һ˵ҪǴʲôʣ顣˵Ժֶһ£˵׻ͬ־ոյҽ飬ֹܳ罨衢סϡաԴҵȷ湤һǺķչǷǳҪģϣгܹⷽ໨ȡԭеĻ
ǶĻԺ׻ص˵ͷ˵ʵһ̵һĲţӦú֪ˡĽҵǶ˵ȷʵȽϷԺ㽨˾Ϊһ˾ʡⶼвСһȱ
׻㶨ԺǶһۣ˵гķֹͲˣĵӾͱȽأټϻеίһ飬ֻˡ
˵˵ͷȻûʲôҲûжʧǳأ⡣
Ƕ״ϵЦˣ֮԰˵ķֹǰ棬ǾӦûʲô˵һģʲô뷨Ͼǰ˵ıǣӦҲǡ
뵽ԺǶ˵һгķֹģճֹܷչƻƸĸ졢Դᱣϡʲ˰ơ½ӴͳơȷĹЭֹܲơơװ˵ֹԺ󣬲һ̬˵һгϵĵѽ׼ָ˵ģ֮ǰѾһЩŵԾͲˣᣬ˶Ե࣬ԺķչӦǴкôġ
һǶĻﰵЦסҵ죬δҲ̫һɡһǶٿڣֱ˵л쵼ΣҸ˾гϵĵ̫ˣ˸ȫ湤⣬Ҫؽ֡ƾ֡졢֣̾й滮֡ôصĵӣ¾͵ģܲסѽ˵ǰɣ
һĻԡ׷׵ͷʾͬ⡣Ǳ˽ܵˣվǶа壬Ǳˣҡ죬޸ĵģܼġ
һĻȻת˭е˼أ֡ƾ֡졢̾֡滮֮ǰǶܵģھȻץסؽΪгһҪٲԺںҲǸп޵ˡ
ǶʱڽŵţܰһŪסڿУǾֻòˡؽ־ڱصãΪҪһƪ£ʲôһأĴԴʱת˼£վó֣̾Ƚ϶ԣóֵġ
ԺǶҲˮֱ˵һг㿴Ǵģķֹ©һ̾Ѿȥˣôûдӡأǲ񻰣
Ƕһ⻰Ժ󣬼ֱԩڵʱ򣬿һһҴӡԺ󣬻˶顣Ҫ˵ĻǼֱ˹ˣϰȻ˵ˣҲֻվ˵г˼ҵ
û£˭żʱ򡣡һ˵ĻԺﶼһ⿴ȥ˵飬˵˭ҶϹӳԲǶ⻰Ժϳ˲֮ɫҲ޿κΡһͣԺ󣬿Ƕ˵г̹Ҫ뿪ƵĻ·ѽ


һʮ Ҿ
һ⻰һڣԾֱҪƾѽȻǶܲصλҲرˡ
ǶƲѣСδҲ̫еôˣһⲻѾָ̾ôƾֵ˼ⲻǵ͵̰ǶҪܾԷǼᶨƺвĿģĲݵ˼Ϊ
һҪƾ֣һʱ֮٣˵ʵ˵Ҫٿг칫Ժһֱʹ죬ΪĵȻؽ顣֪Ƕһǿȥ֮ǰﳤҵڵʱͶǸ˼˵Ļڶ࣬ˣΣȻٷŹˡȻҲˬȻҲʹ죬һǱ˼ƾֵ顣
ǶһȨ⣬ǰƾóȥĻҪֳʲôɵ𡣲˽ܿ˳زߵ飬Ǳǲǻʲô治ҿ϶һȻϴйϵΨհһ룬Ƕûкһȥ
һܣ˵ãȻһгֵ̾ĹٲƾֵϣǾһȥһֳҪۻˣɲҵҵͷȻòǶû˼һһ䣬ʵҲֳС
һЦЦ˵лгģؽһ̯飬ǸΪгҲõ塣
Ƕ⻰ԺϵЦסˣһıֺ֮ܳ⣬һݣһҲΪΪһӦò˲ܲѽҪ֪񸱱ϾŸոѽǶеˣʲôطλСүһӻ벻ѵԷĺ˽ܽˣҲ̫Ī
֪ϴλˣˣ½ĳгȻ˼˭ڻĹɱ֮𡢶֮ޣ죬һ˼ܿأȻһţǽ֪
ֹԺǶ˵һѷϻȻɢᣬʱѾˡһص칫Ժ泩ˣڸгǰϡȷʵһҪȻĻǶ񶼲ĻϰϿĵ뵽
˵úãһϲҳǶʱƲѣص칫Ժ󣬾ͰԼ档ﵨսľģϰ鲻ãùȻˣǧҪˣԼ뵽⣬͵۵һ˵ֻոߵ豭һѾǡﷴϰĸԣֻҪйһ¾ͿˣѲɨɾӦò⵽ѵˡ
һ绰ƣȻԷ׼վӣôҲó˳гԺһʶ˵ҪԣҪ淢Լٲһˡ
绰ͻȻһΪƣ׼˵ͻȻ洫һʶгãԸ֪Ƿ񷽱㣿ˣ
һһ棬׼ԼԷģѵ뵽Ժһһ󼤶æ˵ԭгѽûطԷأ㿴ȥĶ
һĻǳģæ˵·¿һҷ꣬д˹ݣ֪гԴǷȤ
һܳԵͺгȥ۽硣һЦ˵
ãǾллһгˡ˵ҵĳˣһҾʹĳȥˣ֪Ƿ񷽱㣿
г˵Цˣʲô㲻ģ֮أһЦ˵
ԼԺ󣬾͸Թ˵绰һϰĵҪվˣҲ⡣Զ˽ܵˣԹ˳ίԭ̤Ȼ˼һֱǶԸȻܹȥͶԼҲ֮С
һʱоһңΪҪ¾սģڿǸǶˣϵúúúͶԷһķɲܱģһҪӰοһһԺϲɵ¶һ˿Ц
һŴһ绰ƣǶ飬˵ˡ૵˵һѹ֣Ȼֹӡһһ࣬ѵʲôϢǿЦ˵ѹʲôѵδ֪ܣĻԺҪѽǺǣ
Ǻǣг˵ЦˣĶֱ죬ղ˵£ȷʵ֪гûʱ䣬˸Сط㱨һ¹
һ˵ûʱ䣬ղгմ˵绰˵еҪ̸һ̸ҪôһǳΪ˷ֹʲô뷨Լ鶼˵˳
󣬵Ҳƽϣæ˵гô˵ˣҿɾ͹Ĵˡ
ãһΪһɴ˵Ҷϵ绰Ժﲻһ⣬ǰ·ҲԼôߣ͵һӾͶ֣ô˵ⶼֵø˵顣
ٽ°ʱȻԵһİ칫ң˵һĻĹԱˣһԾѣæһֱӭſڡڰ칫ʮӣȻһ¥ȥȻһ벽벽˵һС
˸ոߵǶ˽ܾѾ֪ϢˣǶڳ￴ģ˽Դ绰ġϢԺ˵ı죬ǶֻֻЦЦ˽Ʋѣĵ黹Ƿˣ治֪ʱί׬˻ˡ
뵽Ժ绰ƴҴ˹ȥŮԽԽˣ绰ȥҪһҪúõһа˽ܺ޺޵ƴҽӵ绰Ժ䲻Ը⣬ҲҾܾ˽ܵΪˣ϶ʲô¶ɵóġƴԹ԰֮ʣôҲ뵽˲£ȻһһԷϵ
·ºܿѳ·ϵĴ˹ſڣ⻹治ſͣ˳ȻĦггΪȻĸݵأϰʶһ֪ԷǷ֪Լݣ̬ȿɲһĹϰһˮ۵ķԱǴ¥ϵİ䣬ȻΪ衣
ڰ˴ԼһСʱʱ䣬̸һЩʲô֪ƿ϶ûٺȡӰʱ򣬽ѾеģȴЦݣɴ˿ɼ顣
ڶһ磬ŵչѧͷһеĲɣʱʱſһɵҲſĪʲôҪҪȻĻϰ岻һ֡
ʮӣĵ绰һŰ˼ͳŶȥѧߵúܼҲûиţһ£ϰ岻кĻѡءӦҲı֣ҪҪŵģϰȻᷢģǧ򲻿š
һôȥأ׼ȷ˵ȥԼᣬΪڶ¥¥ݿڵʱ򣬺λŮڶ
һ֮һ˸ȥ˰칫ңһֱ¥˭ٺ٣ʵˣһ裬һǼܿΪȥ֪ˡ
һ¥ȥѵȥǶģΪ¥˵ֻһǰ칫ﳤҵİ칫һûҪܣһܰȥߵǶ칫ſڵʱͻȻһ𣬡˭ûԤԼ
ע⵽ǶС칫Ȼţ͸ŷȴؿ档ƶվŵһҵˣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ӦþгɣҾ㡣
ңҿɴûмѽǲϴˣǶæ˵˵߰۾Ĵ칫ɨȥ浣ϰ͵һųĻ治֪ν͡


һʮ 
¥ʱ򣬼ܿһİ칫ҡѧ֣ղżϰ弱ҴҵسȥôһƯŮ˽ˡһıԺ˵ѧļܿղ¥ݿ׿ˮ
ѧæһ룬ԭˣԼˣѽ˵ϰ֮ǰһ󣬵һͨԱȰ׿ˮǺȲ裬ô֪ôأ
ѧ˽Ůһۣ˵ǣҲƷˣϵ֮ǰȥܵʱ򣬺һϰġѧһĥ˸ղŽȥŮˣһϰĹϵͬһ㣬ѹָղôżأѧɻ
ѧһ׿ˮȥʱ򣬼һͼܿɳ϶²豭Ժ˳ȻѾô£Ȼݵġܿȥʱذˣǵʵһвѽ᲻ʲô飿
ģġһվ˵Ȼܿߣס֡ܿһæſȥ˵˽
ģҪˣһ֪ͨҵġһ˵߰Ѽܿӵ˻ܿ⻰Ժ󣬱۾ذӿ˶Էһ밲οһ¶Էڷе鶯ˣҲѹ֣ѾóʱûһˣһѪյ˵еζֻг˲ᡣ
ɳϣһ˼ֱܿ¥סֻ򼫲ȵؿʼ̽ջɽ峹ױռԺ󣬼ܿŵ˼㣬Ͼǰ칫ѽҪǱ˿ĻǿɲˡҪܾɾŲ˿ڣָоղܣԺоĳЩλѾ˷Ӧˡ
¥֮ʣ¥Դǹս迴һ˵ҿ϶ûϴˣǲ绰ȥ˵ҪѼܿģ
ǡǣǵġԿʼ񶨣תһ룬ӲͷƤӦʱҪǸҷ񶨵ĻһǶҪ
УǾ˵ûҴˡ˵ȴЦͣҾǽҲҲһ硣
԰Ժ˵ҽʽ֪ͨģ¾ͲˣܿļҲϰˣԲ㵽𣿡
㣬㡭ԱòᣬҲԶ˵ôô˼͵ǲˬԿɲɵӣ˼سͷҪûе̣ǲǳԱ˳Ȼһһ˵ԼҪǸмܿŮ˵Ļָǰ׳նó˼ҾϰģСѾͷȷʵеУҪȻϰҲ᲻ҳһ£гҵĸѽǣǲǻζ
Զ˶ϾȻ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ĻҼһû֪㾿Ǻηʥأ
Ǻǣʥ̸ϣǼܿĺѣί졣ҲЦ˵ҪǻĻǾȥ֪ġ
ãлˣһ˵
ǾͺãˣټޣˣֻҪ㲻ȥżܿǹҲûʲôټĻˡ˵⻰Ժһ˦β裬תȥˡ
Կӣһ˵أ֪Ǻáһ£ղôĶϰ治֪ܲǲ֪«﾿ʲôҩԼôأ¾ҪҪϰ㱨Ǹ绰Լģ˼Ҷˣ㱨ƺã㱨Ҳ׵
Ϊ֮ʣ͵һԼţɵˣϰ岻Ҵ磬һղǸСѾͷڹȥ㱨ǲ
ͨԺԾ͵ʲôҲûһ»صԼС칫ңղŵıֽֿ۾ʱʱİ칫ҡԺ󣬼Ȼûκζȷ˸ղŵжϣԽһҡ
軹ûһ칫ҵʱѧڵţȻ˵ϰ壬һʱרоܿ͵ִһ˵⻰˵ƨװ˵һ㣬վֱصԭȵλϡܿ˳һ£ղѾֻצŲλá
Žʱ˲ŸոܿæվʵôǱô˵ģ
ʲôѽôͨģҪһȥ᲻ᱻŵÿʵ֪ܿϺΪĽûаϵǵĺһ¶ڣŻ˱ֵġ
һ˼ܿľ̬ʱزһ䣬裬ʲôղܿǵĵֱ£Ǻǣܿ⻰ԺϸˣղŲˣ鴤˺һ󣬵ȻΪġ
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裬˵ʲôءܿͨԹʲô飬û͵ȷǡ
󲻸ˣ˵Ұæ㻹ʼݵģֻ˵˵ⲻȻδ죬Ļġʲôѽû˵ôˣǵģ
ܿһƣƺеæǰ˵ûһṦְЦˡ迴˼ܿһ˵㲻ܾңҽΪ˴ˣɵúúõһ١
ãû⣬١ҲСܿˬ˵Ѿóʱˣȥ͸ƽˣĿģԴӦԷԷǷĵġ
ǼȻˣôܿԷأֻԺȾˡһĵ˵ҲΪƲ߳ɹеģҪȻһ鷳£Ƕɧżܿ棬ҲһǳƵˡ
ܿܿ˭ɻؿˣ·˾һ㡣һﰵвãƽʱ˳ˣһûע©ݡ֪֮ʣƿ˵˻˵ˣҲһ£˭
쵼һֱУֻǲ֪ʲôʱΪܿģһ£һΪǵɡ
һֱУһֱʲôʱ׶԰Сѧץסеﲡ׷ᡣ
㣬㡭ˡ˶ţһ˵쵼Ҳֱܹǿʶ۸ˡ
һҡҡ֣˵飬޹أҲ죬Ҳ̬˵꣬㵽ϰȥȲ衣ŮɳһȻһšһһ߿ţ룬Ǽֱǿѽ˵˵ʲôѽһ¶첲һ¶Сȵģⲻǳջҿⲻ죬ҪȻĻѪ¶Ҫˡ
˺һᣬܿ͵һİ칫ңһ£гİ칫ﾹȻŮ˵Ĵȥô¡뵽Ժ󣬼ܿæģһսžʹ˽
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÷˵һҪԷæſڣӡУλ½ĸгпûˣҲˣô˵ϣϵˡ


һʮ һĶ
֮ͼưˣڴˣֱ֧ѵһлûǣͲⱾ˽顣׸λϹˣ
ôʱķ꣬ʶںطжѣҪٻŷٰ㷽棬治֪ǲ֧ŵ죬˵Ǯʲôˡ
÷ԶԶؿһŮӶ˹ﲻһ䣬˾ô£ȨǮˣûмȥŮ˵ġؼǵһеӣʱŵ˵Ǹɬкʱ䣬ȻҲӵұĻˡ
߽һԺ󣬺÷͵طԼһˣһ£߿ĴſѽҪŮʲôĻôôܲ˵أǲǰ׳뵽Ժ󣬺÷ҡҡͷԼ˼ˣ˵ͬѧʲôġ
һںͼܿ˵֮ʣ̧ͷ䣬͵ؿ˺÷Ժ͵һͷŷٺϰҲǺѣ˵ܴ̽һϢ˵ʵûȥٻŷٵ˫̫ϤˣŲڡк÷ϰ򲻻ᣬ֪һ͸¶һģŷٵĹϵܺãҲᵽȥ뵽ԺһϵЦݱ֮ǰӲˡ
һжŮ˷Ժ󣬺÷һ˾кԺ󣬲ȷǰŮģѹˣղȷʵԼˡһѹһ˰䣬ѧм־⣬ˣԱȽϷŵÿҲĵڡ
ٽʱ³ѧʹһɫ˳˰䣬һԺ˲һͼܿ飬¿֪֪ϰ֮䣬Ҳеʱߣʱأ
һһ뿪ЦѣҲö˵ʲô͹۵˵ȷʵӦģȻϣôҲǻĹٳǱ֮һɡ
һ˵һ磬׼ôǣĵѽ
ƺһ֣һ׹ˣùϵŪȥˡ뵽Ժ󣬼ֿܿ˻ԼܴѽȻƻŮٺ٣
һҪ֪ܿʱ뷨һԩǲ룬ǲң˭˼һôǿĹĸأֻǾԶ֮
ȥĶ棬ʱͽˣٺ٣˵ܿһۣԷؿԼæ۾˱𴦡
Ĳѣæʵģٵģһ϶ص˵ͷԺżܿ˵ܿ˵ȥĶأ㣬һ롣
ܿ˵ȥ棬ҸŲʲôѽɣ˳ںմ⡣˵꣬һ˸ۡһ״æͷһһʲô
һĵȻǶģʱ˼ȥءԺ۾һ˵ɣȥôһǰ칫ҵ˵ôϹȥˡ
ܿҲĶ˵ȷʵǸ⣬ǾвҪǾȥǰɣ
УСæ˵ǶǴģڻϰ࣬ȥĻ˿˻ô˵ǸŮ˿һֱڵأŮ˾εһֵίǻƴңһֱܿˬ۵ġ
ܿһ⻰γѣæ˵ͷһ״˵Űɣ˵꣬˸绰Ф͸㶨¡Ф˵ڷһǳԺֱӹȥʱǵǡһҲûкֱӹҶ˵绰
˴Ӱʱϰﺫ÷վſںءһ״æ˵ϰٹеһ¡
÷ʼһ㶣漴˹æ˵õģгʲôʱǰ֪ͨһҳȥʲôģڵ
һҲûж˵ֻǵ˵ͷȻŶŮֱ˳֮ǰѾѳ˺÷ƼſڣԿ׸˺÷תһ
һŮںߴߴģҲ֪Ǿ̸ЩʲôʱʱһЦ
ڷԺФ͵ˣһһһλɻ󲻽⣬ѵǺ͡뵽ԺФﰵЦ£⣬עһ£ǲܷһ˿
Фźǣһ磬ʲôûз֣һͶŮ֮ͬ¹ϵ⣬ʲôûˣȫţҸúһ
ٽʱһФͻȥӦ꣬ûʱˡФ˵ͷŮһķԸֶΪء˰ǵ㣬ȫŵ˳ϣȻŶŮһ̵ؿԶˡһʱŰһֱҪҺ˵ʲôڵԺ˻ᣬʾ˼ܿһ£ȥͿˡ˵ĸоһʱѳֲסĻɾ鷳ˣһʧΪϲߡ
һسʱ򣬵绰ͨԺ󣬹ȻơƸһϾͨĺ·ϣо͸󣬵ʱǶһЦ˵ҪҲܹȥæ˵쵼ʲôʱȥһֱǵġ
һʱһң׼һ˼ҵģʱˣǾֱķʻȥ
ʻʮӣɣȵͣ˾͸ſڡһ³ԺѾӭǫһԺһǰں¥İȥ
ƹѲ˹ζԺƺлҪ˵һϵط˿ӡ˫ԼΪ˳ԷȻҪ˵
ƿһЦ˵гǰʱ䣬һε飬˵
һװص˵ͷ˵˵ҲǺȾ졣
һǰһ磬ڰ칫׼ϣͻȻһңھҪһĶءʼʱһһϲ̸һԺ󣬾е㲻ףǾûдӦֻ˵Ҫ쵼㱨Ժ󣬲ܸ𸴡˵
һ˵ͷ˵ʵһ鲢ǺϤһӻ֪ƻе˼ǳƺȲĵڣʵΣ飬治ʮȻ˼Ҫأ˵ǺΪʲôûдӦأ
ѽҿʼʱҲôģΪȥ꿪ĶأҪͶ̣ǡ˵Ժƿͣһᣬ˵ܾ˺һͶ̲̫һԡ
˵˵ôһһСѧһ̵
ĻԺһ㶣ҾһоѣĶһ˵һ滹˵⻰ֲõһ˵˵ˣһʾܣԼڵ飬㲻һֳܶϣ׽Ӱؾ;ܾ˼ң˵һ㣬ǿְΪ
һ£һ˵гõģΪһ̣˵ҪõĶǿ⣬ʲôҲʣ˺ǻɡļ۸Ƚϵͣ˸˵ҪĵرȽ϶࣬Ӧøۡ˵ʵػҪ۵ģһǵһ˵
һĽԺеˣ˵ıȷʵв֮һ㳧̶ҵص㣬Եؿ鶼Ҫʲôģһӹôصģȷʵ˾ɡ
أһӺƺһھԺʵ
ҲҪ㱨ص㡣Ʒ¾ƱȲ˵ԺûɿڣкóʱûйһΪ˾ʹˣ˭֪


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һЦЦƱʪʪ촽ûж˱ӣݺݵصһۡϰæͷ˵λ쵼ԣλ쵼ԡ˵ȥϣһײſϣһæ˳ȥ
Ƽ״һЦ˵г⣬ϰǸʵˣʱ֪أǺǣ
һЦŰ˰֣Ȼһƣʾ˵
죬Ҳгµĵڶ죬г绰ңȥİ칫һˡ˵ҵİ칫ԺǸϰȻȻгҺݺ䣬˵ҵͶ̣˵Ҵ˼ͶʵĻԣĹ˱˵ʵǸоҼֱͳ谭о÷չˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲֪ԭ滹飬ֲôᶨعվӡһ󣬳˼һԺ˵гĻҲеȷʵӦûΪͶʵϰ÷ҲиǰᣬǸղ˵ǸǵȷϰĹͶʵģʲôϷġ
ǰг˵̫ˣҾ˼Ȳ˵һ⻰˵Ŀȥˡ
ǲǹͶʵģڻ¶ۣȻƾܲ⣬ҲǽκģҪע顣һ˵ΣⷽҪģǶгȻǿĵίǣҪк÷ڵְǧ͵и֮ġǶгĹǳæһĹͷҪѽ
󣬲ɫص˵ͷȴ緭һ㡣гȥҲǸëͷСӣ˼˵Ļڹٳʮֺղѡղ˼üǿǸͶ̵Ĺע˽⣬˵ȴһ˼κëѹľͳȨĳгˣǲС
һƳʱǸϰڱϹϾվڰſڡһ״ǰһļ˵꾭Ӫò˵ζر𲻴ԺҪˡ
ϰ⻰Ժ󣬼ѣ˵֪˵ʲôˡƼ״ҡҡͷǹϲϯæһͳȥ
һղŵǷٶ˵Ǹϰӣ˵ǸӡƺϰĹϵһ㣬һ۾ܿˡȻǳͶøӣһҪ˼ƾʲôء
һɣȵʻ˷ԺȴܲƽͨƵһԺǶΪʲôһҪѿ߬ԭ򣬿Ԥı
һ֮ǰһֱΪҪֻΪʾһΪһгȨڿôһ¡һҪӵСģ־ںڼһָģôˣԺһҪǿ֮ϵܼʱطδȻ
һݳؼ֮ʱǶɼŵܺݵˮһɫϴԡϴ衣һ¿ϴԡģ˵ϰһϷϰ壬кܶ»ϱ߸ոʱ˵ġǶԿˣȻǲǸͲö֪ˡ
ʱ˸մԡԺ󣬺ɵݹһ֧У˵ϰ壬̣ƽʱʲôͬ
Ƕ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣æѵŵ̴˵ϷǱߺö˰ģһ񫣬ŵе㲻ҳˡ
һ֪Է˼æ˵ϰ壬ˣҵ˼עһ£̺ƽʱʲôһǶ̬ͷ̸ȥ˵̿ǴྩŪģ·Զ˵Һܲѽ
ǶڨЦ˼ˣϸҲǣҪʲôô˵أǲǲ⻰ԺæװܸȤӣ˵Ȼϰ˵ҵҪúõƷһƷ˵꣬װһӣϵǴ֧
ԺǶ˵ϰ壬ȷʵһȷʵܲһȷʵһѽ˵ȴΪȻ˵ʵûг̺һʲôһġ
ǺǣϰȻʶЦ˵Ϊ׼ҵĺ棬Цɣ
⵹Ƕ׼ܾƣæס˻ͷſ˵
䣬һתűƿˣֻһʮͷٸ塢ʮҵŮ˽ǶװݺݵۣΪѼԸСŮ׼кȴٸ˵ôôûɫû̸һǽ
ٸвᣬҲҵͻһλƴֵӣһϷͨ˵۹Ĵϰ壬治ҵٸתżŮʹһɫһȥٳ֮ʣٸŸشˡ
Ƕ᲻ŮѾˣȻҲö˵ʲôȴ˲ᡣɼ״Ц˵гǿص飬㿴
Ǹ飬ͷİɡǶں˵ȹʱ䣬ټǿһ£Ӧûʲô⡣
ЦҾллгˣޣԣϰ壬ЦԺ󣬺ɽ˵ҵ̾ǼƷϰؼԺһҪϸƷһ
ǶԷٴ̣ô£ȴɫص˵ͷ룬˵˾ҿδأЩԺȻ֪õŲϵطһ֣һѡһСȥĻ¿ɾ˵ˡʱͷһšǺϸߣ㻹޿κΡ
ԷѾԼ˼ҲپصֱߵİťһᣬٴαƿˣǸٸЦشֳ˰档ǶæȺȥøղŵǸŮڣæʹ˸ɫʾ
ڶ糿һͷĹĵ˺÷Ƽҡ÷ǲ⣬Ϊ֮ǰһ˵ʱһһĥԺ˵еʡ
÷󣬺ǲ죬ѵΪ˴ŷٵ飬ѵǡ뵽Ժе㲻ˣ¶ִ˵䲻ʲô˵飬˵ݶܲһ㣬ҪǴȥĻܹ鲻ãǶǰλ÷ףŷ뿪֮ǰΪʲô֣˽ԼˣӦöĹĹۡ
Ц˵г£һ治Ǻ֮ǰһˣ˵Ҫȥһʱ䣬ȻԺ󣬻ٺϵġҲؿS̫ע⣬ôһѣҵöһɣ취ҪϢˣһϵ
һ⻰Ժ֪ԷѾе˼ˣǺ̹Ȼ˵ǾͰˣϢĻһҪңҵƬ˵꣬˫ֹصƬ֪÷ûϵ˿ԵȥֻΪ˱һ̬ȣŶԷܶġ
÷˶ԷɣȻе˼¶ģһҪźúôһ£һŷѣһһǳгԺĵطкܶ࣬ӦðŪ顣
һ˺÷ƼԺ󣬾࣬ѹõһʯͷڱῪһ㡣䲻÷ǲܸŷٵϢȥ£ٱҪ࣬ŷٵ뿪Ȼ֮зǳֱӵĹϵȻҵ


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һ߱룬֪ؾ͵˰칫ſڣֻһӰ첽ӭһ̧һԶţæ˶Ů鳤ЦʵԶžֳ£
ǵģгȷʵе㱨һ¡ԶŹش̬ǰڵ÷ǳ͵ġ
һص˵ͷԶ˵Ǿͽȥ̸ȻŤͷŶС칫ңһѧֳݲ衣һһƺ⣬ʵȴ⡣һ£һѧͲԶݲȻǷ񶨵ģ˵˲ˮı֣ͳԶĿǰһǰĵλѧͲôȥ
һԸһȻ˵Զģо쵼ӡ˵ٳϵԣһҪǶȥ⣬⻰ĺе
ԶŹ㱨ص㣬Ǻҩйϵ˵ʱͬ־ȻԾ࣬ϵ찵ãЧ΢ȥҽԺҩʱǵļ۸ûκ⣬һԺָԭ˰취ûСڵһˣֱƣڱ
һ⻰Ժֻһ֮ӿͷ֮ǰյ쳣֣ûаͨýϰջٱ벻⾹ͬ־˱ľ档
Զţ˵ԶžֳҪ֣ϴԺҲȥ˹ͨЧܲ룬Ǿʱ·һţ벻ôˣǵĹ಻㣬ǲ˼
гҲ˼ҾѽڵĹ㱨Զæ˵ıһٺ͵̨ϵһ£ܲܰǹʲôĸҪȻĻȷʵǺף쵼˵ˣȷʵٶ˵ʲôˡ
ԶѽʱȲ˵ˣ˼֪ˡһһ˵ɣұ֤֮һһ
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һԶ˽һ¼еϸڣȷʵܹ졣оҽԺҩ꣬ԵĶ˽÷ǳһжǾǰ֪ȻӦ׼ȵ˹ȥԺȻͲκˡһһʵԶѽǵ˻᲻ʲô⣬Ҫڲ©ϢĻӦó
г˵Ҳ뵽㡣Զһ˵Ҳڲȡʩ뷽跨Ūڵ˾û⡣˵ʵҶǻеĵģϣ޹ء
һ˵ͷԷѾ˵ˣӦⲻ󡣼ȻǵڵˣǶԷλ֪Ϣأ⵹ȷʵֵ˼ֱԶŸ뿪Ժһ˼⣬ջǺͷȷʵ˷ѽ⣬еͷӬĸо
һԶ֮ڸ𸴵ʱ򣬾Ѿ⣬ⶵȦˣ׼ֱȥ˽ܡҪԷܸʲôĽͳ˵Ҳ̫ˣ˾ţгҪڵ̨ȻС
һ绰˽ܴ˹ȥ˵ȥе㱨һ¡˽˵ңڰ칫ҡ
һµ绰Ժһ裬ϣæ˼ǡ˵Ǿֵζˣǲǿ˵˽ںҽҩƷҵ㡣ҪĻ鷳뵽Ժһȴᶨģ漰˭һҪȥΪⲻʲô⣬ϵΪٵĵߡ֮óʱҪϰȥǻЩ濼ǵģѵĽڡ
ʮ֣һ׼ʱ˽ܵİ칫ҡæӭ˵гãڵΪš˵ͱſȥ
һЦ˵飬鷳ˣԺıһֱǺģǴʱΪгǵԷӦöйоصģΪһֵ鶼ǲ׵ġ
һԺ󣬼ǶϰվҪߣæӭȥһԺ˻ɳϣԺ˽ܵһ֧̹һίԷϻ
һԺһ˵ں̨һھٱҩ۵Ļ顣˽ϵıԲȻ˵һгѽҿһ㣬һĻܻĻ̵̻ģһ᲻ǺҩƷ۸һĻɲάﰲŽĴþѽɲϼŵ쵼Ը⿴Ľ
һ벻ԷȻ׳һñӳȻ⻰˵úǣǿҲһûСһһ£˵ǣ⻰˵һûάﰲŽĴþ棬ԴҾòŸҪ´ߵҩۣӸϽϰտѣ⡣ܰһЩȶΪɱҡ֮С
˽⻰Ժ￪ʼ˵ʵҲе㲻صⲻ˼ֵ˼ȷʵôҲ˵ȥղȻһŽĴñӣ˼ԭⲻͻ˹滹治֪ô˵
ϸ˵治˽Ҫ֣һҪҩ۵ʱĶͻԹ˵һ㣬˶ǲǿԳһ֡˽ܲûһݺݵ䣬û±ơԺȻҶ˵ʲô˼䣬ȥˡ
˽ܾúǣһԺȻӵĵ绰ҩһעһ£˵вֱӷӦ쵼ˡ˽⻰Ժ󲻵ˣĿɽϰǶзӳˣûʲôʾɾ˵ȥˡ˽Ժ󣬶ûһõİ취һ£⻰ô˵ֱܲȥһҪҩƷ۸ˡĻҪ˵Է᲻Ӧûſڡ
һĪչ֮ʣͻȻ˵绰ҪĻ顣˽һ⵹һõĻᣬֱղҪĻһʵĻֱƣһ̣֪ܲʲô뷨ġ
Ϊô˵һӦøģϾг棬ӦǳһģͶұԷ˵ʲôҲӦᣬرѾȷ̬ԺȻ
һȻֱģʼΪԷû˼ǲŵһ䰲Žʲôģڿô£һȻǲ׼֡⾿Ϊʲôأ˽ܲ˳˼ѵΪǸиĳ˽ܿ˵Ժһȥֳҵ鶼˹ȥ
뵽Ժ˽ܾ̽һһĵߣ˵ʵ棬ͶԷѹϵ㽩ΪҪǴȥĻ˵һǧһ򣬶ĲԣίֹгչĵҪǶԷµĻĽпԲ˶ߡ
˽ܰѴȴӶϷһˣͷһߣȻЦ˵һѽ˵ʵڻҲ֪ⲻʲô˵飬Ҳ֪ǸɹܹⶢŹʱ쵼̬ҲҪҪáҵ˼㶮ɣ
һ˽ܣĻеţں̨ĻȻܾί쵼ǲǳ
һһƶԷѻ˵øһ㡣ЦŶ˽˵ǣ˵ҿԺˣѵ˵еĵ̨Ļ쵼ǻʲô
˽⻰Ժ󣬲ûһñȥ룬Ҳ̫װˣҸղŵǷѵ˼⻰ԣҪ˵ĻǲܣΪ뷨ֻ᲻Դ֡


ٶʮһ һʯ
˽Σֻ˵һгˣ˵ĵȻǴĻ飬ǹǴĵҩ飬ɽϴĸӰ죬ʹ쵼ΪǺⷽвС⣬ĻɾͲˡ
һЦһ˵ǣǲǿ԰Ļɣ쵼ҩƷ۸ܲð
˽ܱһʣеͰ͵ģ治֪λشźáղŵ˼·𰸺Ȼǿ϶ģ⻰ôҲܴһίǵ˵ѽ
ҪĻҵҪһˡһȶԷش𣬽˵Щ쵼ʲôǺЩҩƷ֮Ĺϵһ˵ʱɫһҲΪ
˽ܴʱپĵĺڣ̽һ¶Է벻һһⳡâ治ö˵ʲôˣҪ˵ĻһղŵɾͿ԰ˡĻƺҲϴ壬˭֪Էʲô³ƾһǻѪʱƺΪ£ͶԷ˺ǲֵ
˽װһ˼Ժ󣬶һ˵һгҿɣȻȥΪ೤ôҲܳĺȰɡȥͨһ£˵Ѿͬˡ⣬һһ뷨ҩƷ۸£ǣķܻȽ϶࣬Ҫзʲô⣬Ǽʱͨһ¡˵ʵϾᣬЩ桭Ǻǣ㿴ô
һ⻰ԺЦ˵Ҿ͸лǶҹ֧ˣ˵ҩƷ۸ʲôĻһἰʱ쵼ǻ㱨ġһ⻰עǣ˼ʲôĻһ쵼ǻ㱨ģǵֻһ˻㱨
˽Ҳûмƽϣֻ΢΢˵ͷһ뿪Ӱ˽ܵϲЦ⣬ΪԼղŵн赶ɱ˶⡣һȥչͨʵĿĵġһȥտȰԼժպĹϵܲ߶ԷǾû˽ʲôˣҸĶˣ˼ҾͲˣҲûа취֪ԺȥʲôʰһǾͲĵˡһܵԺһ֪Ϊʲôµ˽ǽԵģεҲšһõĳУôܲأ
һȻ֪˽ܵնģ֪Ҳ岻ݴǵȥֻһĿ꣬һҪĻȥһҪҩƷ۸ҲԶŵһ˶Żģи˸ĺȥɡ
һ˽ܵİ칫ûжֱȥգҪһǿҵźţһҪҩ¸ɳɡ
һյİ칫Ժ󣬰Ѹղ˽ܵĻѧһ飬εûƴǣֱ绰̨̨ïʢ˹ȥ찲ŲŻٱҩ۵Ļ
һ绰Ժ󣬿䣬վˡ
Ŀ뿪Ժϰ˳˼˵ʵһղŵı֣Ŀǲ֪˽ܵġҪ˵֪˵Ҫ˵֪ƺֲ̫ܡΪ޷϶ղž϶ƽϣ˽ʲô뷨ҾǲӲ磬ҺΣ
Ϊڹٳ켣ϹӣȻ˽ܵģûж˵ʲôֱӾ͸ˡһͰ˽ܵΣʵ˷Ƹñӣò㣬ͬⲥģ㣬ֻǷ°ˣԲһĸǶȥ룬ֵͷϡ
˵ǶŲģ֮ǰѾ̽¶ԷͲ֪Ȼ²ɵģȥɵġ˵һȵ˲ڹٳ⻰һûʱЩ˲Ųûȫ˼ŵȥǷĥ档
һĵسհ칫ҵţо˽֮ܺе㲻̫ģⲻҪĵġԣֻҪ˳ƽУģûаëǮĹϵص칫Ժѧ绰Զŵģ룬ǾԴһ
ӵһĵ绰ԺԶŷǳģڼƿΪƵĵȻִ鳤ˡԼйһҪ˹ľɾô򵥵ش˹棬г涼㲻»˳ȥ˵ʵﶼûסĻ˳ˣγҲһ̬һüͬ־Ĺȡһ£ϰշӳһһʵˡ
һ⻰ԺȻҲܿģ˶Էһ䣬һҪעⰲȫʲôʱͨǰ֮Ƕϣκһٳ⣬ĻܲĵǴ
ԶԺȴһ˼ΪгĹģæһ̬һеЦãοԺ󣬲ŹҶ˵绰
Ĺٳ˶ϲ²쵼ͼԶȻҲ⣬ͳ²棬ʱ쵼⣬ȴˣЦĿɲ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһûǲģ绰ФһȥԷ˵ѾĻ㶨ˣ˼˵ֹȥţһǱ֤ͬ־ȫһ棬ҲԶעעԷ᲻ʲôһĻӦûкܴģԷ׳סҲ͵ƶõģöԷȶȻѸֵʱˡ
һҶϵ绰Ժسڴͨڵ̨Ļ飬Ӿ治򵥣Ҳͳ֪̽ߵѧС칫ңһʱ򣬾ͲҪˣֱȥԶţ˽һ¹ϰվٱҩ۵顣
ѧæͷǣղżϰʱ򣬾;Ӧʲô˵飬ڹȻԭѾ㶨ˡ֪ϰжʱˣ˳㶨ҲΪ֮ˡͨ£ҲԼϰϵŵ㣬ڸŸµˣӦ˵Ǻչ˵ģȥҽԺĸף飬ҲһܺõӡϰܷѾȥ飬ò˵ϮкܴĹϵ뵽ԺѧֻȺġ
һæһԺڿԶļˣǺź˻УַϣʵûǷ˼ԶǱߵ飬ǣ񾭣к֮ܲУͷ˼һ־ûʲôͷЦԺ󣬼ԵǷļ
ʱһĸоģʱеظܵҪĵطкܶࡣ˵飬ҪǷϰϵĻԲһ֡뵽ԺһбҪϰֱ绰˹ȥ
־˻㱨Ժ󣬾þûпڡһﲻһ࣬־ӡһֱǹϸûˮġ֮ʣ־ƿ˵һ´Ӧúܲ򵥣˭ܺһҪģ⣬Ҳһ£Ǹʲô
һæ˵ϰ壬֪ˣллˣʲôĻһἰʱϵʱ򣬻ָ
û£ʵʵ飬۵϶û֮ǰѹ㣬ĹУһҪעͷĹϵֻʹԼ㹻ǿˣʵָΪԶĿꡣ־ĳ˵
ϰ壬֪ˣллˣһ˵
µ绰Ժһ˳˼־ƵĹٳǻǷǳģ֮ǰжûҪȻϰҲֱ˵ˮµʱһҪСĽ˵ܰԼȥ


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һͷеңȷһţȥֺ̾ƾһߡ·ֹܵĿӣλֳȻˣûµȥǰ챾׼ȥģӶùȥһߣһ˽һһҲһ£ֵ̯߳
һ˳Ժ󣬶˵ȥƾְɡºѧһ˹ϰ׼·ֹܵȥˡҲ֮УΪʾҲãΪҲգôŶӦȥ¶档һɣֱֶ̾ȥ
ѧһϰǲҪţֳϵһ£ţֳָƾֵľֳţ衣
һҡҡͷ˵Ҿȥ㿴ûҪʦڵġѧһͰͷתȥųǰˡ
һĳƾֵʱǡţѧ׼ȥ͵ؼĳʶεгˣæ첽ӭȥг칫ϵѴˣʱ䣬ţѧһֱµķֹгɶʱﲻܵģ¶һҪλźˡƾֶһгץģڱλӲظ˹ȥҪٲСźƨµλÿܾ͵ûˡ
һƾûжţѧſһȦԺ󣬾͸ˡĿľ¶һ飬ټƾֵѾõ˰칫ε֪ͨȻʲô©ˡ
ƾֳԺһ黹ǺܲģȻ֪Щĳɷ֣ڶʱܹ̬˵ƾƽʱĹǺʵģҪȻҲ߱ʡ
̾ſڵʱһ˵ͰѳͣſڰɣŽȥ⻰Ժһ̣ѳͣѧæһ˳
ſԺһۣͷذŪųڡһüͷʶͳֻ˿ֻĻʾ1630һȥѧһ£һԭﰵ뵽Ҫ壬ҲһƧĵطڴȻƣⲻ
һʱȻˬҲû̫⣬ϾǿŵʱԱûʲôüƽϵġߵ칫¥ʱһϵıΪˣһ칫ҵŶţӴȥȥݿˡһǰߣڿи˴Ӱ칫߳ˣѧǰһʵһ£Ǻֳİ칫Ķ
Ǻʲô£۾ʵôʱⶼѾ°ˡ
һ˵ֵ̾°ʱ䣬ʲôʱĵĵˣ
۾⻰Ժ󣬺ǲˬʵΪ˭ѽʲôʱ°ʲôϵ
ǡѧ׼ڣһʹһɫֹסˡ۾ΪȻ˵Ҳ˭Ѿ°ˣʲô飬ɡ˵Ժ󣬼Ҵҵȥ
һѧ˶¥Ժڿ˾ֳҵƣԺӦѧǰŰѣֱˣһͶѯʵĿ⡣һûпڣǰŬŬ죬ʾǰȥǰ滹кüֳҵƣӦǸֳİ칫ҡ
ߵڶ칫ſڵʱ˵ѧæǰһڵšһѧƿţһһơ
һһֻŸտţ߾г漴ͨһﹲˣһϣһɳϣɳϵˣȷڲ輸ϵģһԺ󣬼Ҫվ˭֪ԽæԽңһСľȻһƨ˵ϡ
һ״˪˵ȻǶʶңҾͲҽˣ˵˵ǵְ˵һˤڵأվӵλŬһ졣
гãֵ̾ĸֳ
гãֵ̾ĸֳ
˵Ļгֲһ⣬ûһ˵λֵ̾ĸֳҿˣȻԴģڸոռ㣬Ǿ滹мڸڣ
гǡ׼ڣĻͷ˵гöԣǵĹȷʵûãԭ¡һἰʱ򺫾ֳ㱨
һ⻰Ժעе˼ϡһʮ塢ˣֻһ߶㣬ͦñֱȥм־һʱмĺ̾һĸֳڿȷʵеղŵǻ˵롣ȻеΣȴҲºǲ̫ϵֵ̾һ֡
һղǻԺ󣬾ʶ˲һ֣ǻƺе˵ţѳˣҲջһ˵Ҳмĵʶͷԡһ俴Ƽ򵥵ĻĶ˳쵼ëȷʵס
һǰλֳȤΪʱһѾҪһ̾һֺͷ˵һ֣ҪܰѹɺãŽأԼӰڰֵ̾ڸڵĿ²λ
˼һۣʵ֪λֳʲôҸղʱ
һĻ˶һۣ˵гһҵҪǺͶʵ顣
һ˵ҵԸͶʲǺʲô۵ģѵҪܾ˼Ҳɣ
һ⻰Ժæ˵гµ׼ղϼ˼ǲҵͶʣںأ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵ǺܸȤ⾭ù˧еطܾͶʣǲǳԱ˳ŵһߣһʶһʲôãҪȻ뷨ġһżЦЦ˵ֳʣǸ⺺˵˵ĸ߼Ҳҿ۽硣
⻰Գ֮飬ȷʵӵ˼һ˵ﻹеûףæ˵г⻰ˣ¿ɳеҾͰѸ˵һЩ뷨㱨
һ⻰˵ͷ´ͳлһɢһ֧ʼʱΪģ˼ҼȻĹȻٰһųˡȻһҲǹ˵֮ǰѾɨ輸ϣȷʵɢһЩСͶ򡱵һȻûнӴͶʣ⼸ǿ׵ġִ̾ɢʱλֳ۹ϵ飬ΪгȻûӵıҪˡ
ͼӹһԺ󣬶һۣԵ϶ЩЦ⣬ѧѾǰһΪһ˻Ȼ˵һߡ͵һ磬źǹ壬ɾûǸˣֻ´ȡˡͼץ֧̾е޴ĸо֪ǵãǲáһ״Ц˵ôλҸǵѽ
˵ҲңȻæҵͳΪԼ׾ص˻𡣼һԺʹƽҪ֪쵼Ļ㱨ء̻Ҹһţһ˵гղ˵ҪͶʵҹ˾۵ģɼš
ŶһԺһѾǵһˣϴοǶ󱼳ۣܺɵġ
һıԺһ࣬ͷԿٵתԺ˾ϣװŲʵôг֪ɼţ
һ룬ȻˢӣֻŶһ˼Ҿ˻е˼ǲСһ˵֣ˣôʶ۵Ĺ˾أֻǾ˾ֺаӡ


ٶʮ 
гҲôѽҵһ˵ʱҲôΪġʧʱعάһ䡣״ݺݵص˶Էһۣг˸ڹΣȻ˳Żͷ˵ûȤһ֣̾ƽʱԸͶһֱദñȽǢʱʱػһҲ⡣˼ıԺ˹촽˵ˡ
һ͸ɫ˵ıֶһЦƽʱ֮ĹϵһǼΪͷôġһôĬĬؿţ˵ż˼
̵Ժ󣬿һ˵г˵ʵ̾ÿﶼ´û˭ģڴ˹УҲһҪءЩͶץסǵǽͶʵĻӣһЩСҪǳˣƨˣǿɵȥµʣʱҾһ㣬Ӧòǻ¡
һ⻰Ժ˹˼˵۵ɼŲס⻰ͿƵĹ۵㲻ıϣһȤʵֳھ͵ģһ£ɼôͲͶʵģͶʲôͬ
⻰Ժд۾֮Уؼǵøղλܳгʱ򣬿ɱھȻˣǲҲ̫һ㣬ͬʱԼҲ˾֮⡣
ʱҲǳ⣬ֻ뺬ؽһ¾͹ȥˣ벻һȻô棬һӻ治֪οڡҪĹǲһҵĹϵΪһֺ֮ǰ⽻һ䣬ҵ쵼ǳעģҪһҪذ졣ҪԭĻҲʱ㻹⡣˵λ쵼ǳùעû˵ټһ֮ǰı֣ûסҪһλܸгģȴǰʴʣǲ
һżصӣһ˼еԭż˵ֳйǣҸղѾ˵˾͵ģҲ̬ҺҵûаëǮĹϵԲǲȡʲôʩֻҪȷģҶʾ֧֡
һĻ󣬼˾塣˵ʵһսʱλг˲̫õģһ̫ᣬټ֮ǰ˵ഫţȻȻ࿿ٵϵˣһ棬սʱֳǷݷŭͲһٳӦеġڿղŵǷжеϣӦûмֽġ
һ˵Ȼгô˵Ҳ˵˵˵һ뷨ҵҵĸоǺֵΣҲǱ߽ϵһӻûнǵݹ滮飬˵ʵ©ܶ࣬Щطǰìܡгղ˵ģֻģҾʹ󵨵˵һ䡭˵Ժ󣬼͵ͣ
һȻ˼ǿص˵ͷ
ҾǲͶʵģпܶǿĵرȽϸȤҪȻڹ滮µ£ǲһھҪһĶأĻɲͶʾܸ㶨顣һ˵ͣԺ˵ݼƻϸоһͶʾ򣬶ǵһͶʡ˵ǰɣ˵⻰ʱ򣬼Եصһ߿϶ص˵ͷ
һüͷšˣ벻̾Ȼôջһֵһ֧̣˫ʵڣǾǸʲô
ֳץʱ¸ˣǻûдһµ˵
æ˵г֮ǰûôԶϼһ˵Ҳ⣬黹һãĹ
һ˵Ļûٶ˵ʲôǺ䣬ͳ˰칫ҵšûмȥطղžûʲôˣȻ̸ˡһֱһ͵ſڵĳϣֱɣɵӰˣ˲ת칫ҡ
Ժ󣬺˵ϼǽǲ˵еˣһҲǱһģǿûǵĺùӳѽ
ģᣬ˵Ҳû˵ʲôг˵ҵǸоλгɼҲðҪȻôȤ
ԸɣһǾǽôеˣһȻĵšͳһ֧ϪԹԵصˣȻ̺Ӹ˺ߵȥȥˡ
һûٻԺ°ˡСʦſڣóʱûеˣеûšһؼǵõһʱ򣬾˳ǿʱҲΪͳһӡʱͬˣڹΪĳгȴɣҲ
һһ֧̣ʵĲˮȴȻ˼ȫڸղֵ̾Ƿϡ˼һԺ¶Ҫ̾־ֳ¡Ȼ˲ȫ˽⣬һжĿõģ⹤һ㣬̬⣬ҲһͶ̲ŲʣֱӶȥҪǵʱĻһһƶ塣ˣλȥˡһ¶˾ġ
뷨ҪʵʩɹĻеѶȣΪ˵ֳ̾ȴ˽ܵĵϵҲǶԸ̾óһҪԭʱ뷨һ˽Ϸʲôɽۻ
һ˼ţΪĻ飬ոյ˽ܣҪʱ˵Ļ֪ǸʲôһҲ˽ͻҪ֪һ棬ίǲһʵۣûԸģгҲ⡣Ŀǰƣ벻˽ͻѣһȫעضԽֱԱǰʱѹ
Сʦȷʵɫ⻬ڵ棬̵ҶУټǿţȷʵܴ̼˵ʳһʱѷ·һߣרĶԸ
һԵýζһ˳ͬ̾־ֳ˵òؼҵĳԷģ͵һֻؼˡŴֲֻøһཷ˿棬ҴҵسԺ󣬺ͽ鷿һֱϴ˯ûٳ
һڶһûȺ˽ϵֱӹȥˡһʮ˸Ժڰ붯뷨˵˳˽ܳãֻǵ˵һ䣬ŵ飬ˣʱ۰ɡ
һ⻰Ժеס˵ĸо˵̬ƺȫܲʵĸоȻǲ죬һǵһлԺ󣬾˳
ڻȥ·ϣһֱ˼˽ܵı֣κûκνһ¥ճʱһؿһ˵ӰûǺһﻹеʶ֪һϴ
һţ뿴ڰ칫ҵʱ򣬻һı֡˽뿪Ժһ붯뷨䵭ˣܾӦеʲô飬˽ܲô׾ٵɿڡ˵³ûиĶʱһʱ뷨˵ǹʹˣв֪Ǿͷˡ
һź¥ģǣ칫ҵʱ򣬾ȻûпӰһɫɵóе׸ղ˽ɿڵԭˣеУĪѾתͶǶˣʱ򿴲ӰͽͲȥˡˣȻԼģһǶģ˵ķ԰ƽ⡣
һ룬һɵð˵ϵһĻ˼·ˡһűʣ侹һǹϵͼñںСڵϣػһ档Ѿ¶ҪѺˣ˿ԿǶķӦ


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ۺĿǰյǶкɵ֮һһЩɸ˵ĶĻѾҲҪ˽ܵתͶҲԴһ˵⣬ûо޴ʹĻһ£˭ԸһͶǲǳԱ˳ŵ
ڵһ˼֮ʣѧţȻ˽ߵһĸǰ˵ϰ壬ֵ̾ĺֳˣ㿴
һѱһӣ˵ûȥɺñְˣµĻһġ
ѧ⻰Ժ˳ȥѧ˵һ顣ɫͻ䣬ȻľȻת¥ݿȥӼʱģ˸ղǶһԺﰲǶ˵ģֻҪһ˵ҼʲôģӦþûʲôˡͬ˱棬˵ˣ˼涼üζʲôȻˡĵĹٳһ˵쵼㣬쵼㣬㣬Ƕİ㣬Ȼζŷˡ
Ժͳ绰ָǶ˹ȥ֪¿ܻ鷳˾ûԼġǶ˺Ļ˵õģȥгͨģһҪץʱ䣬ǸϰͶʵá⻰ԺܲܰǸϰãסñӵĹؼڡؼԺ󣬺æɣɣѸʻ
Ƕ֮ǰںǰƱһΪ˰οһһϳгλãټʧȥﳤҵ֧֣ӦòѡֻҪѺɵͶЭʵˣŲǺֵ̾һأ˴гθɡ
һֱ˽ܵˣΪһߣˣҲ˵ʲôյĿܣżƣһѳɶ֣ڶĸе͸֮У˵ĿǰƣӦ躹޲Ŷԣƫƫ;ˣѽ뵽ԺǶ绰һ˹ȥ
һӵǶĵ绰ԺһҲ⣬Է˵мҪһ£ǲʱ䡣һװǿ˵͹Ƕµ绰Ժŷ¶Էʢֱ˵أûʱĻһ֮Ķء
ʮԺһǶİ칫ҡǶҲûжȦӣֱ˵˺飬һ󣬳˼˼˵г飬׼㱨Ҹ˾Ѿʺϼֵ̾ľֳˣĵӵʱȥ̾֡һͰ緢飬ϸظǶȻȥ˼ɼŵ顣
һĻǶþûпڣѺһҶʺһ飬һǲ֪֪һ¹ΣǸոִ֣̾Ҳ΢עһ㣬ڸ˼ץסСӣĵҪҪ飬֪ôſڡǶã˵һгѽұֵ̬֧ģߣٿίʱ򣬲˵ʱͣ
һЦ˵Ҿллгˣʲô뽲
Ҳ̸ʲôҪֻһС뷨Ƕһ̸֧һװ˵ֵ̾ĹŵԣܻǺ˽⡣ֵ̾ĹкǿԣһֵĻ׸ǵĹɱ飬һµʱ䣬ͷĹһ£ʱһг㿴ô
һ⻰ԺǶʲôˣúɼͶʵ顣һʱ͵زһ󵨵뷨͸ӣȻɼţоʲôè壬ֵǶ
һԺװΪѵ˵гҸոո֣̾ȷʵǺϤȻг˽飬ŶҵĹһаģҾ͹ˡ
ǶһĻһһҪĵҪѺµĻ޷ֹġʦȻ˽Ϊˮ鲻ˬأԸΪͷȻֵ˳ˮ飬һĻǶֵܵסġ
ֿ䣬һˡǶһӰɵ˳˼ĺ׽͸ʱȥܳ嶯һѪյӣʱֺϳɣ˵£еˮ©˼Ժö໨˼оһ֣˵η⻰治Σ
˺ʱ棬ֳ̾˳гһϢں紫ѧԺڵһʱһ˻㱨ϴεĽѵԺһֱǳעϰصκϢ
һ⻰Ժֻһûж˵ʲô˭Ϣɢȥģ˵ίǱ߾ͲˡǶǱ֮ô˵أ˵˽Ϊʲô⴫ϢȻ赶ɱˡܵǶǣҪ˵Ϊһֵûа뷨´Ҳš
һ˼棬ǱߵǣҡԴӹھٱҩ۵ĻԺֵ߾ȵ֡Զŵԭȵ绰ӵĲߵŮæͣвϰճں沦ģȴʵľٱֻҪӵٱȥʵ̶̵һʱ䣬Ͳҩꡣü˼ᶨģһҪȥ
Զͨ绰һ㱨ĿǰĽչһܿģָʾһҪϸҳмֵʱжȡĳɹԶŴ˱̬һŬѹʵ
һԺһ绰ġӵ绰ʱеŵĸоϢոմʱǵһΪǵĻˡ˭֪гǱ߾ȻûаϢǵҲˣǼʼӡǱΪ⵽ıϵǣԷûгֶ֣һһϣ
һûкͼݣֻ̤ʵһҪÿһλͶ̵˽ʲô쳣Ļʱ㱨Ļȥƽ棬Ӧÿһλгô˵
ʧ֮ص֣̾Ϊһʲôŵģ벻ȴһ˺е㲻֪ڴĿ⡣
˼ĻԺ˵ϼǴһͿһʱѽ쵼ѻ˵ˣ㻹ף
ĻɻĿ⿴˵ϵܣɱңôʲôҲû
㣬ǡһԼļƣͣԺԼ˵˼ҵ˼עͶʵǶ㹤һ죬ΪʲôΪֵ̾гԵ޹ҪѵΪ˼еõۣ
⻰Ժ󣬼Ȼ򣬴˵˼гڿңԲҡ
أʵ
ͷ˼һ󣬿Ц˵ܣôһ˵ȷʵм˼ѽǺǣ
ɪЦ˵ƿҺڰɣҳˣǸúֺһ£ģôʱ䣬ۿǸҲгͷ֮գһҪúףһ¡
𣬱𡣡æ˵᲻ƿҺ°ֻûһƲأȱæףȰ쵼Ĺɺãף鲻æȳɹ죬һݡ
ãģҪгһգ㡭˵ָָɱϵѽ
ôأҵΪˣ㻹æظ֤
ãھȥصùǸúоһ¡˵ͱȥ


ٶʮ ϤӰ
һҼĿȷʵпһ˼ͬʱҲϣܰɼŵԷȻǶһ𣬵ֻҪͶʵģһûΪǣеġ¶ԷǽͶʵĻӣҪʵʲôɸ˵ĿĵģĻҪԤ𵽲ʰĵزŲǿɾͳ˰ˡ
ǷǳæµģһһҪעֵ̾飬һ滹Ҫ˽ֵ׼ȥһ֣ͬ־Ĺľģתһ룬Ǵ뷨ڲһһЩСϺףĴһں棬Բüų棬âʱϳ֣Ÿ
ʱƣգҪˣ֣ǰһܾʹ˵绰˵ûǰһһ·϶³һ룬ǰܸˣٹ·Ҳ³ǻܽиٹ·𣬲ﻹ˿˿ġ˵ǣԼΪһˣ㹻Ҹˡ
һһ绰㣬˵ڵʱ֣ûȥľһžۡ⻰Ժ󣬺Цúϲ£죬һ֣ǲһһƲѣֻжϱӡŮǿп޵ƵġõһȷϵĴ𰸣Ҷ˵绰ȥˡ
ٽһʱһ绰Զţʱüͬ־΢һɣһҷŸ٣һ£һҲԻһ¶ԷôýģԷ¶ţڹһߣһΣԶһ⣬˵ͰϢɢȥϣȡ벻Ч
Ҳûһʧڶʱ֮ڣеͶĿгϸıɼŷ˷ǳ۵λáһһ֪ԷѾ⣬Ƕ䣬öԷȥʵ˽ˡЩ̸ֽ϶ûõģδʫ½ڰ˰ǰ˵ֽϵվǳ֪ҪС
һĻȷϵƶϣò⣬˵ʵҪĿľҪ̽̽ɹȻпĵɡ
ʮյ磬֣ԼʵѾˡһԺ֣ӲûȥһСڣһϾǰ칫
˽˰칫Ժһʵôôŵ˵֪췢ʲô񾭣ӦߵóҲͰˣȻ˵ʶһ·˵ǿԿ㵽⣬֪ߵĶȥˡ˵꣬ݺݵص֣һۡ
֣һ˴СѧһһߣʲôҲһԡһ״˵ôɩ˵أʲôзʲô񾭣
һĻ󣬾Ҳ֣һСͷתɳȥˡ֣⻰Ժ󣬿Ĳѣװģ˵ҲҪСãȷʵҲԣͬ˵һ·ԽԽòԣ󲻸ǰ濪ˣֻ÷ͷȻ͵˹򡣡
Ժô߾ôߣʶ·ҪϹߣһʲôô죿һĵ˵
֪ˡ֣СشһԼ˹ģȳۻ
֪ˡһѧ֣ǻ˵Ȼֱż״˼˵Էûš֣ͦأͷתһߣֱõĶһһδޣһã治֪ôֻ˵߰ɣǳԷǿǾںȥݣ
ݣ֣ͬ˵ΨһܴһµĹƾڳԵķˡ˵һʲôʳһ֣ϴиͬ¹ģȥԺ˵ǶкܶСԣǿˮֱ˵ʲôҲùȥ֣˵
һһ˵ȷʵô£˵ãǽȥǶʳôߣ
ݵʳһɵģСΪҲһЩ֮ĵ̣мҴƵϺꡣһһ⼸ҵֻ֪ǹͷѣһǲԶģοϺ֮ԺóԣҲϺԴкܴĹϵ뿪ϺҲ׳Եġ
ҹ֣ÿνǴ󱥿ڸտը߲ܣûǮǳԵÿ˷쳣һһһѼѪ˿Ժ󣬾ͻվһ߳䵱ˡ
֣ڳԴ֭ʱһվһ߲ӵһ̧֧̣֮ʣ͵ؿһɫϤӰæĿȥǸвʧӯΣټĳһһֻĸоⲻŷ׼̧׷ȥ͵ؿߵ֣ںЦ֡һʶס˽Ųһ£ͷ֣˵ȥһ¡˵Ժ̧Ѹǰȥ
һǰȥ׷·ͷʱѲǸɫӰһվʮ·ĴϢɶˡһڽͷѰãջʧ飬ͷɥ֮ɫвʣҲ޿κΡ
֣״ӣĵʵôˣǲĶ
ûûСһæشֻһΣæһ飬δ޺Сǰȥ
˻صʱѾʮˣȥ֮ǰһѾھ÷ˣǶ͹ȥԺС˼ҡȻдȴûб죬˵ҲֹвҪ鷳ǰ֣ðŽ˾
һصԺ̱ɳϣֻûΪʱƣͷǸ˿ڣϣ˭֪ˣݽͷһƳ԰Ρһд绰ٻǺ÷ĳ嶯ֻһ˲䣬ǿƼᶨֶҡˡ֣еĿ⣬һմͷ绰ٽĻԲ֣ŷ֪ˣҲῪĵġԼйϵŮˣһĺܲˣҹעҪʧˡ
ڶһ֣ãȥ˶塣һſˣ֣ĳſ֮ת˵ͷӣϱˣѽ
ûصһ˵ҿǸۣ֪ϱˣû˵ӺŮһ
Ǻǣ˼ҲǻǿһӭһҲûʲôѽЦЦ˼˵
Ϸ޵ſڵʱѾȵͣſڡȴ򿪳ţ³Ժ󣬶⸸ĸشк֣裡
ӦһһԺ΢Ц֣˵ѽ˰ɣ
֣һ尢ԺС˵˵ۣ̣ллˣ
һ߿Ժ󣬾С죬Ĳġһ³ԺǡɿһĻǰȥõСԴ˵զˣû£ⲻи
ٺ٣Ǹã㿴衣вʵ˵֣һ߲ڣسЦЦ֣ضõǲһһ£һЦȻһ˵磬ҽǸŮˣøһõġ
ȫ⻰˵˷ӦʱѾģߵſˡ֣޵ֱҲ޿κΣδĹվһߣܲȥͷɡ˵Ѿͷ׼Ϲ˵һ֣һۣҡҡͷתȥ
һҾһȻǿĵģ緹Ժִһᣬ˾ͳˡʱ䣬ɩȥ̳ðһ״ƷǾˣסھƵ棬Ǯ˵ȥ֮仹㡣ԺҶ̫ԸЩһֱæڣЩˣȻһȥϵʱù֣ģȥһķż˯


ٶʮ ǰ
֣Ȼ뷨СѾͷǰôҲĨӣǹɩסһݡһҹʱϲɵģҲ֪˵ʲôʱ˯ġ
֣һֱʱ򣬲뿪һŻָƽͬʱͷҲʼԺĹˡ
ںһϰ࣬ǰвǰѹ磬һæöûͣȻѧ֮ǰѾ˷࣬ЩļǿͷۣЩҪĻҲһɨˡ
˯һԺڻָ״̬ʱһ׼ȥֿ˽һ½ڼصһѾѧ֪ͨ׼ˣ绰ͻȻһһФĵ绰ڵ绰˵һҪ㱨
һһ˵ڰ칫أھ͹Фһ漴͹Ҷ˵绰һѧȥһʱȥˣʲôʱȥĵ绰
ʮҵʱ䣬Фƿһ칫ҵţԺϵĲ豭͹ڣ˵ˣһϵˮûϺȡ
һվŲ豭ȥˮȻѲ豭ǰ˵Ȳû⣬ܹ
Фе㲻˼˵˵ĹϵԷݰǶгǿǺʵʵڵģİ칫˷ȫУҲڶˡФЦ˵˼ѽǸˣϣг˲Ҫ֡
ҵʲôˣǵѧˣһװ˵Ҫ˵ںȫûκνĵģֻФһ˶
ФһĻ󣬺ǿģ֮ȻжʱûϵϵȴôʲôֲҪϵȴʱǣļڡͳݸһһ֧׼һѾѴˣФһж
³һԺФ˵糿ǶˣѾҵǼСӸˡ
һ֪˵ǼСӣָּǼβͣФʵô£㲻˵ǣĻʹôŶˣ
ôģǼƻ仯Фһ˵츺ǵֵܱ棬˵⼸һıֲԾһˣ·񻹹Ĺҵģʲô
һ⻰Ժһţæʵô£ԺֳϮӰȺ˿ʲôɵóģҪǼٳʲô⣬ɾͺİˡ
ģû¡Фæ˵֪һ룬æȼص˵һ⻰Ժ󣬲һ鲻ҪٳµĻ¿ɶе㽻ȥˡ
Ф˵ӵԺҾֳһȷʵԡЩһﻳﴧǿ֮Ķҳżָָģûüֻ㱨ֱָʾǰˡ
ôһȲʡ
ģЩ쵰׼ˣǻﴧĲǿǸֹܣѾȫǴؾˣڻ֪ҾбҪλ쵼㱨һ¡Фٵ˵
ˡһһȭݺݵûڰ칫ϣݺݵģȺ
ФһıԺ󣬼˵ҸմǹҲ𾪣ָʾһҪϰ죬Ļʹ
ѽȺ쵰úõزһ飬ҳ˭ʹģͲҪǳȥȥеˣһŭ˼㣬µ
֪ˣҲҪôФȰȻҲڹԵʣЩɱɱԵôһԻһФ˵ǵĵϸѾõȥˡҾڵĵ֮Ҫһ£һô죬ΪԷһѾ֪ǾڹעˣҪǲܳȴµĻ׽סǿɾˡ
һ⻰ԺΪȻԼ̫ˣûпǵεĶһһ£˵ͷһŽʲô뷨˵˵ù̺Уһ֧žһ˻
Фӹһݹ̣Ժ˵ҾһҪúúǼһһעһЩҩƷӦ̵ĶͨʱףҲ˽һЩϢڳԺһġܹץסǵİѱǾֱӶˡ
ã¾ôˣʲôĻǰҺִкһʱѾȫƽˣ˵Щһ˵Ϊıһ򵥣ǶҪء
Ф̣Ȼ̵̻Ҹ˵֪ˣʲôĻһἰʱϵġ˵꣬վ׼ȥǱ߻һ̯ȥأԲƽʱġ
һФԺ󣬴ȥֵͷֱӴһ绰Զţһ¡ԶŽӵ绰Ժ˵һ͵һµ绰Ժ˳˼һǼѾ˶Է棬Ǳ߲ἱ͵Ҫ¶֣һԶԺһҪúõ˽һ
ԶʮԺ󣬵һİ칫ҵģӣ֪һǸմֳġһ״Ҳûкӣֱʵʱôûʲô֣
ԶѧݹĲ׼ȣһĻѲ豭棬˵гǲңҲ׼ȲҴ绰㱨ء
Ŷһһȥ⣬ȴǳһԶŵ˵ͷʾ˵ȥ
гġԶ漴ǰ췢飬ϸһ˻㱨
ǰ磬ԶŸյ칫ңߵ绰С̸㱨һʱǾͽӵٱ˵ҽʱڹµҩƷԭеһЩͬҩƷڲֿ棬ʱۡ
һʱеԺˣʵΪʲôôأ
Զ˵г֪ĿģȻΪӱǵļ顣
һǲʣô£Һú˵˵ôеס
гϵͳȻ֪еŵԶ˵ҩƷһַǳƷϤĸðҩ˵ʵĳɷֶͬС죬ҩҩ֮ļ۸ȴ˼ʮȻҩЧ϶ģǲмʮ֮࣬Ͳö֪ˡ
һص˵ͷһԺ˵Զžֳٵ֪Ӧ֪һ󣬲ҽԭȵҩƷ棬ȥµҩƷкĿأ
ԶſһһۣԥԺ˵гҪǲµûĻҩƷ۸һкܴ⣬ǹȥ飬԰ǰҩƷ棬ȥҩҩոУϰնǵļ۸ǺǼҲȥÿһҩƷˮ㡣Զű˵۾ɨһ˵ʵҽôɣȻΪǳƾһˣûôĵӡ
һԶŵĻ˳˼֮ǰ䲻ףԶһ˵֪еŵ˼ĶԶ뵽ĻҪԶҽ˴ĵټ֮ǰա˽ڵ̨ĻĿѣгԼФմסǰˣЩϵһĻֱвĸоˡ
һپͷ۲ѣһ¶Զ˵Զžֳҽʱȷһţղŵķһ򵥣Ҫúõ˼һ£ģ²жѣҶһȥϧ
г˵ˣ˼ˡԶ֣ص˵ȻѾ¶ˣҴ˱̬һĺ


ٶʮ 
һЦԶžֳллǵΡҸղ˵һҪȥڷʽϣһҪˡǵĿҪѻϰյĶˣǺƴƣĻֵá
Զص˵ͷһθоǿҵʶǿŵľȻһʮˡ
һ͵ʲôƵģԶ˵Ǹٱˣûȥϵһ£ܹ֪µľһˣһҪ뷽跨ȡ֧֡
гҲ뵽ˣҾ˲绰ԴźԷÿҽһõ绰ġԶʧ˵
һüͷ漴˵û£ԷӦûе绰ģøߵͬ־һҪģҪĵ绰԰ֻ߶ԷֱӺϵٿԸԷһǿҵʶڹעģҾãٱҪľģڵΪһ̽
õģгϻȥԺʵ飬ʲôҪԸģԶʵھеȲĸоһΪ˺ǿģһҲ֪һϲ˵ˡ
һԶŵıԺص˵ͷ뽫Ф˵¸ԶţھûǸҪԷʱӦòʲôˣټ˵Ժ󣬶ԷʲôѹǾøһ£Է⡣һӹȥһ֧̣˵Ҳôڿⲻż飬ԼİȫҲҪע⣬ԽԽҪע⣬ԷֹԷǽ
Զ󣬾ůůģΪһ𣬱˵гͷİɣ֪ôء
ãạ̃һЦ˵
ԶŸղһ˵ǰأﻹеûףڿԷһƵӣҲġ˼ľ͹ΪίίгˣΪ¶ܻóȥοԼֻһССĸֳѣʲôԥġ
һԶԺϰ˳˼ղŵľѲӰˡ˼Ժ˼·ҩ۵飬пܺ˽ܳϹϵǶǸϰ֮Ҳüȥģһֵ̾ľֳ棬ּλһֶǺܿסһֱһο飬ҪžȻ͵һֳϹϵǵжԵ֣ĸо
һ˼ãбҪϵһκͣԴϴλԺѾжʱûнˣȻҪ͵ֻ̬һջѡһֻҪ׳֦ԷһӦģϾΪһɲҪһĻȨ벻͵طɵĺǶ˵һΪʵѡ࣬к̨پĶ֣Уκ;ҲΪʵѡˡ
һҪ˼ǣ׳ļ飬ҩۻǸͶʣ鶼ףҩ۵ˮܸһ㣬ǿԿκ͵ĺĳ⣬Ͷװƽ޷̽Էĵơһ˺þãҲûʲôͷʱݶԷ̬
κϵʱ򣬹ȻһϵԷ飬˵һڰ칫湧ݡһ䣬͹Ҷ˵绰һ˲䣬Ѿ˾ҩ۵̸ԷĺǾһ⣬ҪǶԷУҲ
Ժһ࣬Ժ͵ӳʳϿǸŷٵӰȥҺ÷˽һԷϴοǴӦȥһµġһѧһ˰칫ҵţֱ÷ƼҶȥ
÷ҪĿʱ򣬹ؽһгȻõϵȻ֪һΪȻ±Ƚϻܣ˹йŮģҲȥ˵ֻһƧĽˡһڴĿ⣬÷еĲ̣˼Ժ󣬻˵֪Է䡣һʧ䲻ѣǾͰϴݿһŮ˵ıӰرŷ˵˳
÷ЦЦ˵гͨʱĴҲ֪һЩ飬ˡֱԣǳ˵˼ҹεԵʰɡ
һ⻰ԺҲö˵ʲôһ˲Ҳе㻳ɵʱǲһִҪȻת۵Ĺ׷˹ȥԷôӰȫءֺͺ÷䣬͸ˣֻ뿪֮ǰⶣԷһŷٵϢͼʱ֪ͨ÷صص˵ͷ˵ʵе㱻ǰ˸жˣǡ
һƲֵ˳ôҲݿǸһµӰĴҪĻǼ˹ˣ˵ʱ֣һ𣬾ҪлþҲǸʱѽһֱĥһֱڴϵʱҲûĥκν
ҹԺһˣŷٲǶԭΪǧټƵȥƺޱҪҪ˵ô󣬾ССĺسҪˣ¾һҲҪҵԷøóƺһģӲǿĻֻʵ䷴Ժһپ࣬·һصĸҪľǼоԸеˡ
˰칫Ժһ£κ͵ĵ绰ʹ˹һش͹κڵ绰˵ѾѲݺˡһ˵µ绰ԺһЦλǴе㼱ˣҪȻҲôһʹ绰˵ĿҪΪ˱һأеļ֮ҲԱ
һѧȥκǱ̸㹤Ҫ˹ĻԵȣȻ¥ȥѧĻԺ˻е˼Ϣ͸¶ȥϰûбҪٽô壬˵г͵ȺƺҲûжٹϵĽӣ糿ôȵؽн뵽ԺһҲסˣ뿪칫ң¥ݿȥ
һ֮ǰѾ⣬Եκ͵İ칫ԺûкͶԷʲôȦӾֱˡᴵ˴ˮϵĲҶСڣȻеĲ豭˵κǣҵѰġ
ϵܣһһκǣǲҲϣҳƺΪгκ󲢲̬ڳƺ¡
һæ˵㿴Խʱȷʵæˣˣϸ¡
ϵܡκ쳣ĵ˵ˣղ˵Ѱʲôģô£ϸ˵˵ȱֻ̬ҪõϸģֻһԲʧ
һ⻰Ժһɼ֮ӿͷ֮ǰԶԷǷԸ˻ɣڿȫô¡һƽһ飬ֳҩ۵ϸ˵һ飬ڵ̨Ļصһ˵Էһе˼ҲҪﵽĿġ̽Էĳ⡣
һĻκûһ֧̹һΪԷ̣κϵĴȻһĶžž˷ֱΪԼϻɢİ칫氲ˣ·ûдһ㡣
ԺκͲſ˵ϵѽȻŵùϸ磬ҲͲҴˡ˵ʵ¿ɲһС飬һҪأǣ˿ܲѽһҪѽ
һ⻰ԺеˣղκĬһ˼ȨףڿѾнˡһ֮Ը̽ԷǾԣǺģзǳռ䣬κ;ԲӶġ
־һǿģٳûԶˣеֻ档˵磬֮Ļ˵磬ҹҲûκ⡣


ٶʮ ཻ
ѽҲ·ͬСɣеò⣬Բϸ̡һЦŶκ˵
Ǻǣֵܣ⻰ɾе㲻ʵˣϸѰˣ²ΪѽκЦ˵ҾҪĻʵҲѣֻ
ϸ磬Ҿûϸ翪ĵ˼£ȷʵеԲ׼ǱҽǱ߷һ㶯Ҷʱͣˡһϵ˵κ͵ıԺ󣬾öԷ̬ȻǿεģǾ֮ǰԶ㱨׳
ŶµĽչ˵˵κ̧ͷһһۣ˵ղһĻȻе뷨ùƾһЩ޵ĶӦòڿԷӦûкСɵø߿һһۣλгȻ󣬵ҲֻƾһǻѪ£κͷĲ٣ΪĻɹļɲ̫ߡ˵ʵøĻȨðķ̫Ļȥ
һκ͵̬Ժ֪ԷѾĶˣǾͰԶ㱨һһʮ˵˳
κûпڣüͷš˴֣ɮ붨һһ͸оһ˼ˣǶ˵ĻҲһӦѸٵˡһ־ƵϴûƵ龰е飬ȴ׼ȷжϺͷӦ˵˱˵Ȼӣȷʵһû
ãκͲ૵˵ȷʵһҪľֵĻҾûһؼ㣬뿼ˡ
һʶ˵ʲôؼ㣿
µǣĸ棬ûгǺУҾûиðȻֵĻҪһʲô⣬ʱǽ޷ճѽκɫص˵
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СʱԺƽһİ칫ңѧݺòԺ˳ȥһ˶Էһ˵ѽղŴ绰ʱκǱߣ̸Щ飬ôʲô


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Ƕ·һ㣬һң˰칫ǰæӭȥ˵ϰ壬гڵ
ʱǶһװշֶԷӣӭȥȻֻһҲĺš


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һԼıֻǷǳģô˵̬ͦġ쵼ˣһ棬ΪҪ˭ԸһĿˣ֪˵ļһأǿ
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״¶˿ĵЦݣִ̾ˣ˭ʲôˣȻҪǻ㱨ʲôҪǾѸղг㱨ĹʵȻ벻ĻԸջûܹʵ֡
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ﳤҵЦЦ˵ǰ㵱ֵܣŻô˵ˣںϵڷʱӦһ㡣


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ﳤҵ⻰Ժ첻ѣæ˵ǷģһʹǰǣŬѹɺã
˷⣬ֻҪܼʱǺͬ־ǵһķβˣ˸ҪóԶ۹ȥúøɣȡɳɼνЦ˵
һĻУظоϰѾͺνܴĳ湲ʶ˵⡣ȻⷽˣĹϵȥάһϰʼЦǺǵϣɵ⣬Ҫ˵ݵʱ䲢˵ţ˵ŬҲгЧϰ岻֯αһύãֺͺνϵһòƺί̩ĹϵҲǲֶκͳɼٳҪúѧϰġ
˵ηʵԵòûʲôζϾкܴĲҪ־ƺͺν˵һﳤҵʱʱزһ䡣һƿƺԺ󣬶ûٿ˳˵Ժ󣬾ͽˡ
ٷûƱյ飬һﳤҵ˵ȴǳشٺνܶһԵʶίίίǣĸٵĲùϵ
־ƽ֮԰һﳤҵνܣҲϴﳤҵ¼бҪµ߽ݸ߲εȦӣЩͻ¼ʱ򣬲Ųô
˺νԺ־ƶ˵ȥݸϢһ£һ쵽ߵģǹ۵ġﳤҵ˵ϰ壬ȥһ¡־ƿڣֱСųݿڶȥͨղźһĽﳤҵ֪ԷлҪϰ㱨Բſ˸ȥ
һѽߣȻϾ顣־Ʊ߱˵ô£ݶһЩոһҪΪǧʱʲôѽ־ƵĿĳһﲻɵӿһл֮飬شϰ壬֪ˡ
صԺһΪ־һ裬Ȼ潫־Ƶһ֧Ժ󣬰ӿαϣȴһ˵ǡ
ϰ壬ġһѽ飬־һϸĻ㱨Ȼصץҩκָ̾ȫͶ׵档־֮ûʲô˵ģѸĿĶг֮ǰһʹ򶨵⣬˻ᣬϰô˵ҲһѧϰĹ̰ɡ
һȻû˵־ˣ֪ܲʲô⡣ⷬԺ־Ƶͷڴڵس̣һ״پûסٿϰص̬ӡУ־һֱһ̸Ц䣬ֻҷ𡱵֮٣벻ҲѡһɵðѸղ˵ǰ˼һ飬˵ʵûзʲôֵĵط
Ժ־ư̻Ҹӣһ˵һѽղ˵ڴʱ򣬶ҪءҺ֮Ͳ˵ЩͷԵĶ鱾ӣǣˣ˵ҪأҪָ档
һ˵ͷһ£ʵϰ壬飬ǲǸá
ôôҵ˼ʱһҪأҪ˵ʱһҪбʤİգ߲亦ѽ־ĳ˵ĵ˵޳һôĶǰѾǵǸСˡղŵĻоͿԿΪ黨˲ʱ;ҪֵĻԲֻҪҪС¡


ʮ ˷ʱ
־ƿһԾԾԵı飬ҲǸпǧ뵱꣬ԼҲģڹٳ켣ʱԽãԽûеˣհǰ˺Ķ̫࣬ȻʱıʱγҲʧȥһ壬ʱ򿴿˵ɣؼϣ£ĻҲȫ԰ƽġ
˽̸Ժ󣬾¥ԡȥﳤҵѾźˣ͵˹ˡ˺úһԺ󣬱뿪ˡһڳԷʱķһϢܿˮ԰һͻȥ
һ־ƺﳤҵֱϳԺ󣬲תɣɡһ֮ǰºѧȻغˣ˵֮ˣ飬һΪãҲǻֻҪû˵ƣҲֵװͿˡ
һ͵øе׼ʱ񾭱̫ˣҲԼһɵĻɡݳǰģֻвڽֵȥҴңһĳٺܿ죬һλڳǽˮ԰һƧĵطѳͣ׼ģǵȥʱ򲻷㣬ӲͷƤˡΪ⣬⳵һҪźˣ͹۵˵ĸӵļһﻹǱȽ۵ģһܾͻᱩ¶٣ݵؽϣǶԺĳӦòǺϤ
һͷ¥ǰȻֱԪȥ¥Ժİ306ſԺһûţֱóԿ״ţŪᡣ
һ֮ĴԺھȻտҲܿûйһʶ뵽᲻ʲô飬ҪȻʱ㻹ûġ׼ͳֻԷȥתһ룬˹Ķǡأ°Ժ͹ܿһ°ָ°࣬ʱȻ⡣һҡҡͷֵıʵ̫ǿˣԲͻ˵ס
һ˿ʱ䣬ңȼܿôҲԺ󣬿ֻ˯һˡŪԺһעŷŵǰʱװˣֻһֱû˹סûмʱͨ磬ζСһеĴڿ濴һӣȻȥ˯
ʱ䣬ܿǻһõþȷʵһıܷ֮
ɵԺһ˯ȫޣԴ˳гԺһоԼһֻתݣûƬ̵ϢҲýݵĻúϢһµԭ򡣾üܿ˵Ѿóʱûһˣϴλİ칫һĵһæҡ
һͼ֮ܿԺһְעеŷٵϡĵŮˣ˼ʹ֪Էʹ˿һɵŮˡһ̾
֪ʲôʱ֣سǰһʴ֮УŮһעӺۣȻȴɱؽ֯غһ˾÷ǳ鷳һ顣һ˼һ󣬾Ȼ˯ˣûٳƵ龰ں˵ϴԵʣһ˯÷ǳ
ʱһֹ߰ʶԼ⾿ʲôʱ糿ǰ˶ŷӦղ˯ģʱӦѾǰˣֻһˡܿûһҪˣһҲ׼ˣǰͷߣҵңԺ󣬿˵ӡܿĶǿ죬ȻѾߵӣһȤң̨һԺ󣬲Ŷݶ̨Ͽš
˴ԼСʱԺһ͵ԿײæѵӹصܿķӦŴԺ󣬼ܿͷ쳣æһ߸ƤЬûԶſڵһ˲䣬һ˵˭ѽô˼Ҳѽ
ѽˣܿƿԺ󣬴еôʱ͵ˣˣҵʱ򣬻һܣûпĳӡ򿪼Ժ͵ؿȫˣһһΪأôȲһǱˡ
ٺ٣Ҹղ˯׼Ÿģӵģſţˡһ˼˵
㶼˯һѽʲôʱģǲϻҪȥԷѽܿС죬ĵʵ
͹ˣ緹ϴ˸͹ˡһ͵Ҹ㷢ǸϢ°Ժ󣬾͹˭֪ˣΪ°ˡҲǵʱʶ⣬Ծûкϵ
Ҳ˵ˣǸŮûǶǼûڰ칫ģ˷ʱ䡣ܿĻУʧ֮⡣
˷ʱ䣬˷ʲôʱѽһһʵ
˷ѡܿ׼ش˹һѰģȥȭɵļһһ״ЦЦȻһѰ§˻ضһԺһ
˺þԺ˲طֿˣҪһǶţԳܲ˼ܿ
ܿӸڴϣĳΪصذѹ£ֿڲãҵĹ˺ܿɲһһΪһ塣·һӴϻԺոµĴ󴲿ʼǱ̫õԵʣʮҵʱ䣬Ȼһоͻָƽ
һļܿ˼˵ʱ࣬еˣ״̬̫ãϢһ
ܿϵĺֻȥ˵˵ʲôأֻҪܾ㣬ͺˡ
һúú÷ӷӣҪȻ˵˷ʱˡҺǵоô˵ţŶˣһֵǧٺ٣һЦ˵
ˣ˼ҲС˵һ仰ͽץסˡܿװ˵˵߰Ӳ˹ȥ
ԭҪץѽô˵ءһ˹ȥִҸ˹ȥ˳ұߵɽ塣
㡭ҪҪץåѽܿ
ҽåˣôһ˵˶ԷӸ˹Ȼϡֿʼһֵβ֪ϢһԵʣܽ˸ղŵĽѵ֮ĳǷǳ־áСʱ֮󣬻ûձ˼ܿŰ֪ˣв֮ءһҵĳˣֽܿûˡһݸԺ󣬼ܿӲǿɨսһ۲ѣҪɶԷӲǲá
ҹڼܿ˵Ҹģɵߣңǿ֡Ҳ֪˶ãֻص˶һۣûءܿæ𴲣һЩһһֱڴϾûĴ˿۲ѡ
֮ǰںˣԺ˵§ſĭ硣һʵһȤҲûУܿϲҲֻˡܿýζ֮ʣ߾ȻŤͷһֻĳѾ˯ЦԺҲ˵ӣһ
һ˯öǳ̤ʵֱȻѣһ˿ߵļˣɵһĶʱʵˣֻк޺޵ա֪ܿ飬ƫǰƣܲѡ
¥һ̯ӣһϡԺ˾ϳˣһڵĲڴһѼܿ˵ɣԵе㲻飬ҲǲѶΪ֮ġһĬĬ߶ţ漴һţɣ񱼶ȥ
ʮгԼ
˰칫ԺѧæŴɨ͵ؼһˣæʺһϰá˰칫ҵԺѧͷֹϰôôأľ̬뷨Ҳ΢Ǿ˵ģĻԴżˡѧæΪһһŨ裬
һӹѧݵĲԺʵѧе飬Ҿûйûʲô飿
ϰ壬絹ûʲô飬ӵʱгԹһˡʲô飬˵г£˵ȥݿˣҲû˵ʲôˡѧԼ˵
Ŷ֪ˣҪٹĻһ˵˰칫ϵļ
ϰ壬֪ˣҪûʲô飬Ҿȥˡѧ˵
һ˵ͷѧת˰칫ҵšѧȥԺһеļһ֧Ȼ˻㲻Ƕʲô飬ҪΪĻȫԴ绰룬ȴֲ˵ʲô£쵽춼ûд绰ϵһ£⵹͸ôһ졣һһӻ²Ƕĺ«ʲôҩҲźܿͻ֪ġ
һɻûгãʮԺѧһţȻ˵ϰ壬ˡ
Ŷһش
ԽԺ󣬹ʺгϺã
飬ãϡѽһ£һеļʵûԵ˼˵ˣֻһСС飬治񿴳гɫϴȥݺΪһԷǲΪ˴򹷸˿ϣǶҪڼܿ϶ʲôԽ˵ˣ֮ⲻھơ
гãгææҪǲæĻȥİ칫һˡԱϹϾػش
ã֪ˣҰļ꣬͹ȥһɴػش
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һĥһᣬվǶİ칫ȥͬһ¥칫ڹϵǢ֮ࡣһյг칫ſڣԾӭ֮ǰһͷʺгˣг
һ˸յſڣİ칫ҴǶˬʵЦһгˣ
һúǹ죬Ǳ˵гʲôֱӴ绰ˣô鷳һء
Զһһ棬⻰Ժæ˵г⻰̫ǵΪ쵼Ƿ񡣡
ǺǣһгǶ˵ǰһסһ֪֡ĺһ㣬֣һɳԷϲԺ󣬾˳ڳ칫ҵʱشš
칫ʣԺһΪǶһ˵ʲôǶԷгһ󣬾ǲ˵ص㡣һ״Ҳż룬Ȼȥˣڷװûһ㣬Ҳż˭ù˭ԺһõͳȵݸǶһ֧ȻԼζس͸һǶЩȻˣس̡֧
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ˣȿǶ˵Ժ󣬵ݸһһһǲ죬һô¡ɼܺɷģ¶գüµɽװ깫˾ٳһμʽ
һɨۣȻͰһߣٵԲȥҪ˼ľһʲôɾܾǶ֣µ룬ҪûйӲɣ治ȴһԽһһˣЦ˵гǺѽֶһǿ󱳾ҵǿϲɺءҵȥμǵ䣬ǲɵúܣҿȥˣʱ򣬻˵
Ŷһг£Ƕĵ˵¶գɻвһгʲôҪ飬ܵһΪ£ϼ쵼˵ģҰȥкΪŵҪ쵼ҾϣǲĻƺе˵ȥأ
ԣԣг˵һûҲ˵ҪȥԭڣȽ⣬гкҲûáһ͵
ŶѵʲôҪټһгȥкһáǶ뿪Ц˵⻰˵еˣԲѡֿЦĿǡô˵Ŀľ̽һ̽һĵףԷȷʵ£ǹѡ
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Ƕ֮Է˴˼һμɽװ깫˾ĳ䣬ҪԭһһΪĶַֹ֣ʹشĳϣĻȷʵе˵ȥǶ֪Ѿ˶ͺɵĹϵ˵ˣҪߥһһμӣҲԸڻ
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һԷô˵ҲӲǰѻ˵ˣվ˵гҾ취ܸܲĸʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ƕţĸӣһ治̫˵ɣҾȡʵڲеĻг£ǵʢ飬ˡ
Ƕǲˬٶ˵ʲôһ֣Ȼͳ˰칫ҵš
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ҪǿԸҵļأĻӦôܷһЩĻѾһоûˡ
һ뵽Ժ绰ƺͼֱ˹ȥ絽һˣҪæʾһϰ͹


ʮ 
һص칫Ժ󣬽ֵĺһFѾˣǰ˵ãȥļ߼ѧڿֵ˽æڣΪгһôҲùȥ¶ҪȻⳡ˵ȥȥľ飬һڸ߿̫ĵģһĽץûͦʵģǺһFżֳʱ䣬ֱµ˽ѧһߣԼȥ˺ж׵㣬ʦͬʹļơͨģ߿ȵģȻ󣬵Ҳ㹻ôҷˡ
һȥѧУһȦԺ󣬺ͽֵһһ緹ͻص¥Է֮ǰһͺһFһȡУѵ飬Է˵Ӧûʲô⡣һж䣬ϣٳʲôӣõʱֶ¶ˡ
һһֱ˯ϰߣϴԺͷӿһ̾յֽʱһֱΪȽϴǻ˺ܶ˼棬ڿʱȻǷ˷Դ̯ӵˮףôãֻץס˼ССϺӰӻûءЩΣһҲ֪¼ã׿ЩԺ󣬱۾׼ú˯һ绹вء
磬һߵ칫ſڵʱ򣬾ѧС칫洫̸ֱƿŽȥˡϵƺͼںѧʲôȥ˵̸ǳǢϹЦݣ칫ζҲǲС
һԺվغϰ壬гã
һ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ɣ˵꣬תС칫ҵšƺͼʹһɫȥڳŵʱȴнƵߣһſڵʱߣҲһ̬ɡƿǿΣֵֻ̾ĸֳʱֹѡ֮Ĳ𣬿ǲС֮Ĭһһá
˰칫Ժ˷һѾ˻ɳϣæɳ档˵˼޶ֱ΢΢ǰ㣬ƨɼɳһǵӺǱŤҲö˵ʲôҲǻĹٳһǱɣҪȥĹ٣Ҳһɣô˵أҲǶ쵼һذɡ
ԺһЦ˵ô࣬Ҫе
гࡣࡣһǰһ˵
Һ˵Ǹ³ɽװ깫˾Ҫпҵ䣬λΡֳǷ֪¡һһһ֧Ժʵ
֪£г˵ʱǹ˾һزʲôһӹȥʱһҪ˵ɹ˾ˣΪĸСߴء
ѽ·ĵЩСûʲô˾϶⣬ҪȻôЩڵĶ
һЦָָˣ˵λǼʶѽҽܽĵСǸʲôţ
⻰Ժ󣬲ɵһ󾽣ղ˵⻰ȷʵ⣬öԷڽ棬ҪȻͲ
гҲһ˵ɱ棬Ҫ˵˵æ͵
ѽæһĿﳤҵôģʱںпһѹߣǧ򲻿ɴ
֪˵ģҪǣЩ˵˵ҲͰˣҪ䵽˵Ķ棬ɾͲˡһ˵
һȣ⻰ûʲôؼ⻰˵˵̬ȡһղ⻰ȻǰǶ˵Լ˿ܲǸжءг⻰Ҳ˵˵ȥĵض˵ģġ֣ص˵
һЦЦûղǷ˵ǣҪĶĶ˶ףȻûбҪټȥˡ
гղ˵£ʲôָʾȥǲȥԺ󣬳һʵ
ȥΪʲôȥأ˼ʢ룬ôܲȥأһ˵ʵǷֲҪȻҲһȥģг̸飬źء˼۹Ĵ˾ණֵѧϰģȥԺһҪǫѧϰܰڸĸٵļӣĻǲеѽ
һĻ˹˼˳һһԷĵףӶ׸ɹ˾Ժ󣬾ʲôƺͼһӰ£ʱɼŵȽϹעҲ˾ȷʵ⣬˵ʲô⣬һӻشȴᶨǼ׷ȥľġ
гҪǼסˣģһʧġֳ˵ǰɣƿż˵
ǵģгһ񡣡æ˵
Ǿͺã˵ҾͷˡһͣԺ󣬼˵ˣаҪûеĻһԶٷҲСһ°ɡ
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Σ˵ǿкüҷ㣬ζҪǽ͹ȥôһʵ
˵һҪȥԷ˻ͷ˵õģгģһˣǰʱտһҷ꣬˵ǴӦĴǶζû˵
һûлش𣬼Ѿˣһ˵ΣҾ֮ĲȣҪȥһЩֺȥԣ֪ǿһζݣζͺܲ㻹Ǵȥǳɡ
š˼ĻŷӦ޲÷־͸Լһ͡ǼҲһ˵쵼˼ȻǳζȥģԼȻʲô¿ķ꣬ӡйٳϵˣ˭֪һﳤҵĹϵԴӳԺﳤҵȥݣζݵҲһǧˣҪȥųųӵġ
ζݵζȷʵôأûӡæһ̨׸Լ£һЦгϾȥζݣ㿴ô
ǣνһװ˵һ΢һİ䣬ÿһ㣬һܡ
ã֪ˣû⡣Ʊ˵̧ۿ򼪺΢΢˵ͷ֪ԷѾһе˼ˡһԷģֹˣһˣг׼֮ˣλڴ֮顣˵ǲǳΪ쵼˵˵ݣû뵽쵼СȦȥһⷬʾȫǣǵķչҲǴģһ£ܹΪгϱģһ
һʵ뷨ǰѽ׶Ͷټһ𣬴ʶһ£Ҫʱ˵ֽ׶κȽϸӣЩִеλãⲻӣΪˮ֣һԸĸԵúбҪˡ
ԺһֱǿһFФԶŴ˵绰Щ˶Ŀǰߵİף˵߲ĳίûбҪˣϾΪСȦӣԱȽһЩ


ʮ ÷
˽ӵ绰Ժ󣬶ʾûʲô飬·һһԷƵģԶŸǱֳһѵļơȷʵӦüΪһֳгȻ绰ԷҪ˵ȥǶôӵѽǳȼҲмּ֮ɡ
˵ȥζԺ˼֣һﳤҵͷ˼Ҫ˵²һ£һȻˣЩһǵˣȻҪȥġ
˵˳ԷԺФһ˵ʱɣеͨһ£ڳأһЩȻȥԺϸ㱨
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һ˵һԺ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰֮ټû˵һϵһ̶ȣЩȫԺԲƵġ
һҪȥίǱ߲μһѧϰʡίĵӵ绰飬ǹڵ顣ʱ仴ʡֲ̫ƽλɲ䴫ţ²ûнͱļһȴΪȻʡ棬Ȩ䣬ЭศɣνɵطͨģǸʱֻһڶѡ鲻һҪĵģҪľǴŶͱʼǱȥˣ˼κδҪڳһļơ
һȷʵҪʡĴ࣬Ӳͬ˵ҪԣлʡϴҪǿǸеһڴչõĹУһҪǿѧϰؾ÷չĹɣȴΪäĿĿرǿҪϸеʵ׼ؾõ㣬´ȥǿ
Ժ˽ܺǶֱ쵼ǵĽ˽ձƵ̸㣬ǶץסԪĽ£ʵǽҵȽϷӦⷽ¹򣬶һЩʵĴ˾߷һҪбܼᶨЩҵͶʵģͲûָ˵ɼˡ
һһɵüͷ㲻ɼžʲôô˲ܲ˵ΪǶһָĽԺһԺ͵һͷɼںĳ˾ǽнװ깫˾˾էһȥȷʵϺĿҵõһĶؿڿѽѵҪڹĿǲǳҪǲĻµغ³˾֮ʲôϵأһ⣬˼ԺԼ޷ش⡣
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˰칫ҵԺһ˿ʱĵһ̣ҪǶٳӵĻʱ仹ĵҡ˶¥˰칫Ժ󣬶˹ѧݵĲˮغڣȻϵĵ绰زһԺ󣬴˳ȥ
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ŵ绰˶ᣬ绰һϣһû˽ӵģ˵ŵ˹ȽأȽæ⣬ûһЩ˵Ǿ߼߼ǵˡ
Ӳ绰ͷ˼ٵĴϢ漴ãǼλ
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µ绰ԺǼѣг̬ȣĻʲô˵أʿΪ֪˵ĴҲ˼ɡ
һµ绰ԺФŽˣгһİ칫ңȲҪͨҲҪŵģֻһ˶ѡһФľݣ糾͵ӣûаѧʱФҴٵɡһֻղѣоѹ󣬹ФЩһ߹ͬ־治˼ٱԹʲôˡ
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һ˵ʲôµȻ˵ҲһʱģȺȿˮҿӹǺ֧̣ᾫ񡣡
쵼ǻ۽ѽϵڣûأ˵ܲФ豭ߺȱ˵
һ̵еĴʾ̡ФҲһϵл̣һ֧ϣȻʣµһֱԼĿڴһЦ˵ϢôҲǸֳˣߵʱ򣬸һ
ٺ٣Ǿлл쵼ˣһл㡣˵ţ´ͳǺиȥ̡
ȥȥˣôʲôʱôˣһЦŴȤ


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һлԺ»ص档һФʵ˵˵ʲôһôȥˣ֮ǰû˵ѽ
Ф˵̻ң߷ߵ˵ǰһʱͻȻõϢǾ˸˹ȥǳһǻ쵰ˡ
һӣ˺棬Ȼϴαץȥǰһｻʲôмֵæʵ˵˵ô£
ϴץȥǼһǺĳˣѶʱ򣬺ѻʲôмֵҺ͵ǰ˺ܳʱ䣬ûʲôЧȻһʱ̫ҲδþǺ¡Ф˿ڲԺ˵һﵱиͷģʶһһСܡȥͽˣһֱչҲûʲô࣬ԺҾòش̽һܲʲôмֵ
˵ԺФ̵ͣԺ󣬼˵һﻹûʧĹ͸ҵݹ˵ڶָ죬εҲָȥɵġ
ָ˭ڳ𣿡һʵ
ָڻ˵е죬֣ܶŹһѺ֣ڸճʱֱȥˣָͷФ͵ָͷµĶƽʱƺƵ濴ӡˣͷƺƵϰ壬ġ
ŶƺƵ꣬ҵţһЩŵѽһӹ˵ϴλ⣬ƺƵôǹôûʲôжأ
ˣûжǾжǿֶ飬ץһȺССϺأ󻹲ΰһ¡Фε˵Ӧÿó˼Ҫûһ㱳ôĶ𣿡
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һͷǼһͨ籨ŵģҪȻָôӳʧһĻ˵
ѽһ۾ͿԿûκ֤ݣҧ˲ϣʲô취أФ˵ֵһ֧̣ȡȡȣճһڣǺסˣ˾ҵĿ
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ʹɣ˵֣ʹˡһм˵˵һ㶼ڲƽ
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ʲôѽ£Ҳһ˵ȥԺ󣬻Ҫֵ⻹áһ״Фһ䡣
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һФһۣ˵׼һԷ״̬ɣȥǲȥԼɣ
ȥѽгòؿͣôܲȥأФ˵ȥҸطһ׼ȥʱ򣬴绰ҡˣʲôζݣﳤҵλǸɣûܴط
һ֪Է⻰֮ⲻھƣӦһѣһԼĴ㣬ǳص˵ͷФԼ˼ҲûбҪٶ˵ʲôһһ뷨ǾͲҪǵˣΪֵܣֻ㵽Ϊֹ㹻ˡ
ФԺһϰϣζݵ顣һΪһѣϾʧȥﳤҵıӻԺ˺ܶ࣬ҲεУԴȻһǵһԭ򣬲и⡣ϴݺﳤҵʱ򣬶ԷĻѾ˵úֱˣŵ棬ǶĿԱȽϴһҲŽŽ̼һ¶ԷǲǻʲôӦҲΪ˺Ķһ̵ɡ
ĿǰǶ֮⣬ȻĻһпܵĻԶԷʵҲһѡ
֮ʣһ򿪵Ե½QQ֣ߣǸһңȥӦ졣֣ǿģΪǵ¾ѾװˣǰʱһϵԷ˵֪ʲôʱŻʱ䣬ȻһӾ͸˿϶ڣȻĲѡ֣漴ڵžžز¾ӵһϸһֻŰı˵¡֣֪ԷĲɣҲ⣬֪δĹæѾˡ
һСʱԺۿ°ʱˣ֣غһ˵ټһó촽һ󵭵һЦֻһֵͷ֣Ʋѣ漴ӳȭͷ
һر˵ԺﲻӿһãȻмµʱ䣬ҪƯƤŮɷˡֹһεԼ׼ûд𰸣ԼҲ֪λش⡣
˼֮ʣѧƿţ˽С˵ϰ壬°ʱˣǲھ͹ȥ
ţãһ˵վ׼ߡ


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ϰ壬İѧߵǽǴסһ¼Ĺİһعͷʾϰѧ߹ţﰵ뵽ϰôˣû˵ʲôѽղФʱǻ̸ЦôһṦ򣬾ͷͻءѧȻ޷һţŮ˶ˣʱȷʵһ鷳£֪ȥЩʵԺʮʱôġǵеӢţܺҲ޹ϵ
һʱһ˻ûǰʲôӣʱ򣬻ûԷĵ㣬ˣƺе㲻̫׵˵ĸоǵȷԵļƣ˶ڰ칫ĥ䡣Ȼǲ뵽һȻô絽ĻһŲʲôʱ仹ǷءĶ쵼Է쵼ŵĵĻ߯˵㡣
һôĿĵģ˵仰ҲȰȰﳤҵ֮顣˼ȻѾֵǷˣﳤҵҲѾ飬ᣬߵһȥҲһȫ顣ϴﳤҵ˵е˼ɣɿڣԭȻ±ƻ˼ͥڵʱ˵Ҳǿģһ׼ﳤҵæ
һԺڰ̨濴飬͵ؿһ߽ʱ⡣ԴӳԺⷹ棬˵쵼ˣ˶һŲ̳켣ˣʼľ֮ܿͱ˹ȥкһһﳤҵ֮ĹϵڶԷ͵عԷ˼ˣҪٲó̬ǲе㲻ʶô˼ˡ
һ޵غŽ䣬ָܸı뷨ΪﳤҵѣֻԼġǸжԷΪһг˵ͣбҪ¿һ֮ǰǸˡʱ˵Ľ򿪣ҪľһֻҪʵĻᣬƺܸӵ飬׾ٵػ⡣
֪ԷΪ˸ղŵ飬ҲʵʵڹԷģҲĲѡһ˵гллİٷ͡
ôأһĻҲǱɳ԰ʳһæܾһ£˵ɣʲôϢʱҵ죬˵ˣҿɲǮġ
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ˣ˵İɡɣҪʵ͵Ļ϶һݺҿжʱûˣأǺǣһЦ˵
û⣬ţȥݲ衣ſĵ˵˵ĵɿʼ⵽ڵϲ˵ԭ˵оԷÿ仰·˵Ŀһ㣬泩
һݵоˬڣŲƷʾԲǷӦеģﳤҵʱȵĲ衣
һ軹ûʱ˽Ųѧ£ƿԺһߣ˵Ρֳ룡ϰѾˡƺͼһ⻰ֻͷ˵һæӴŲ˽ȥ֮ǰ֪Է飬Լһġղڵ绰滥໹˵˲ã벻һȻѾ⣬ɾͱˡ
źͬ˵г˼ˣ
˵ʲô磬ҪǶҪĻǻûҪվˡ㣬°ɡһ˾Ц˵ˣӦһ㣬ʧѽǻĹ֮ѽ
һĻŷ߼
ûʲôֳгҾһ𣬾ѣûҪٳϵһס˵Ժһ۾ס˵ӡ
ƺͼ˼ֱӣͬʱƨƣֱӵ֮һ쵼˵ǺҪ⻰ˣǾ̫ˣǶ쵼Ӧأá
ӵĹ򣬳ǿһFԶһˣ˵ԼõģǵſԺϵġһԺ󣬸һÿһһûʼǾζһûҲڴĿ⿴⣬ڴһˡ
ԱոΪ˰ѲݺãФƿŽˣһӵˣΪԼˣкĳһ⣬𶼲࣬ФҪ˺ܶ࣬һϴڵôŶһ˵ȥ飬æФԺ󣬲ŷˣһûأһỹǲɫﰵһңȻеⲻȥ
˿һıԺҲһɣղŵʱ򣬴Ҷ֪ڵФٳû˲ֵ֪ľֳͳгͬѧӺѡФѾˣѵ˻˵δҲеˣҼ𶼲࣬Ȼ쵼ȡ˶ܺ棬˼ȥƾֳţѧĿԽϴ󣬵û˵ҲվӰĻδҲе̫֪Ľˡ
ڴɻ֮ʣűƿˣֻķ˽ղŵյڽҿˣֲأԭһλʸĸˣ˵ûܰٳ߸ͷһơȣȻҪࡣ
սݣͳһ˹ȥ˵һгǲ˼ղž׼ˣʱ˸ˣⲻ͵ˣɲҪѽ
ĻԺ󣬶д۾֮Уǰλðڵú֮䣬һصúܡ
г˵ɾͼˣۣһ˵˵ҲǸյ˵ǰɣһ˵
æͷǣ׷ǰк˵˼һǰʰ·磬ǰʵʵڵ쵼쵼вʺ֮ĻǴĸԼҲڡ
һ˶ˣǾ÷ԱϲˡǵеЩ˻ǵһεζԷǲ˵ζȷʵܲǺͻƽͷԵֱ񫡣
ĳϣȻǱزٵģһҲ֪Һͷ쵼Ժ󣬱Ĳ˵̾ƾǲȱġð̾ƻյ㣬һ֤һҲǹʱսƷ¥滹в٣ģùʡ
տʼʱһһ͸ɵ˽ƿڶʱ򣬾Ͷȡˣһֻƿһ״ǸƵСԱʹ˸ɫ˼˺ȲȥĻˣҪǿ̯ɡ
ұ߳ԱߺȱģҲڡͻȻžƱվ˵ھƻûʱи飬һһгһлʢ飬ǿô
ԣԡĻո˵꣬һվ
һ״æվ˵ɲУ˵һһΪԺЭѹãǿô
ã˻ûпڣФ˵ɣΪʾ⣬оһˣ
ãˣһ׼ֹѾظˡһһÿˣΪФֵܣĻƷ㣬ĻҪأϾݷء
˵ĻԺ󣬼ԶŰп࣬ҲͰһѾǳˣھȻҪѱжľһڸˣƺȥԺֱӾҪ̱ȥˡʱ˵ҲܺˣȻܲʣ¶ɫȴֲ֪Ǻá
һ˵ıֿ֪Զŵľһ㣬ǶФ˵ƿɲˣʡŵ㣬ָƿʱ򣬴˼ȥء


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У˻ῴƣٺˣФ˵⻰ױ׵ˣѽ˵ģҺѽüٿһƿء
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һĻע⵽˵ķӦʶ˶ôõľģǶһ˵һгҪ㿴вУѡһˡ
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ãҾȸΪˣһӣֱӰѰ뱭Ƶ˺Ȼѱ׳ࡣ
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һŬԺڰǰ뱭ƸȥپθַĸоæһӲѾѹһѹһĶһһ˻٣ֱӰѶԷſ¡ĹľĻʱ򣬾ϵһ˵Ըһˣһ仯᲻ʲô뷨˭Ҳұ֤һýŽٷĻᣬôһԷԣԺٽ֦Ǹѡ
Ժһվ˵гľɵʱҲԺڹУ෽Ҫ̣Ҿһʱ㲻ߴͽ̡
⻰Ժæվ˵һг˵ɾͲˣ쵼ͽ̲ǣɣҾ㡣˵ֶϵľƱһ˸ɱơ
гҪҾ㣬㾴ˣǻһˣԺ󾫳Ϻȡɳһҵ룡һƵ˵˵Ժ󣬳˾ٱӣȻһ
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һ°ͻ˼ңҲ߲ˣû˿ֻҪһûʲôˡһеĳӶԺ󣬲Фĳ
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ǺǣںȵľƱԵʡһǫ˵˵ԺžһŻ𣬹ϵԺɣɻػ˳ȥ
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¶һ磬һͳȥӦ죬ûд˾Ҳûд飬ǶȥδĸȻܴǡ
ںעǸӣ糿ŵңгǶʹһɸгȥ˿ίҲһֵľίֵͷͷǴͣòɻǲǱɺίиڵˡ
뿪ǧ׵һյһ̨Ȼ̡չģһƬյأôԵеͻأĸо̨ǰֱףɼŽװ깫˾лʿĴֻ֧֣߸ߵعڿУչʾ˵顣
ʽʼԺ󣬵һɴСԱʼԽˣΪǷίҪ쵼гλ⣬һûҪ˵˽ܺκͲǵҲԽΪϾߵ飬ǹеֹɣгһҲ¶棬͸һ˿ˡﶼڰ¶ȣҲΪμо˿˿
ܴô룬䶼ɵؽţ˾ǽɼŻԻ͵ԺʦѾͷ׼˼ܺɣʶһɫȻ̨ȥ漴Ľɨ̨һȦȻ˵ǽܸһʽҪлһˣǡ
ƶһۣȻ¶һ˿΢ЦΪɵĽ棬ֹһεᵽгǶͬ־ΰǹ˾ġ֮ʣһϵĻ˵ΪڲĽ˵鲻һ̣˭ָ˵⾿Ǻ»ǻأ
ǶʱһΪĵˣ죬ȻɿģһʵۺҵһôƣһھһĶأ˵⻹һڹ̣ҪжڡڵĻڻ׼пģıأźУǺ쵼£һáʱ䣬ֹһ˼⡣
˾ίǡгǶ̨ʱĽװ˵Ƶģ첽ߵ˷ǰһɤԺ󣬴˵ͬ־ǣҽܿǣģĵĿġҿ֪ܲɼǺͶʣ쳣粨أһ磬Ҹյ칫ңܾƿ˽˵ָһ󷽵ĺɣȻôɼŵ¼ȾһԺ̨µĴСԱԼɼŵϵعоò˥֮ơ
ӣԼ˵֣ɳ쵼ķˣҪѽٺ٣
һ㶼ģҪ˵Ƿ͵Ļɾ谭÷չˣЦŶ˵
˶һۣĵЦ


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ԣĿ棬һҪһ㣬Ϊһŵĸͬ־ҪڵľֻЭͬŬܰѺľøȥȫһٶ񣬹С֮·
Ƕһ˴ҵĹңȻҲ޶Եģƺͼæų̣ûơ
Ժɼŵ˸еļαÿһȻĳɫ˶ģ;Ͱھר͡ӹԺ󣬶˵ϸ磬ҵɵ鷳㣬ʱȼķˣҪʱٵȥȡ
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һﲻúÿᣬ֪˵ʲôأһָŵĻƺͼ˵֪Ƕһݵ̨ļߵģôĶҪǲһ̫ԲԼˣԳԹԺ͵ѧУ֣ƵꡣλӦýߵ˵¼ң۾ʮ1010ңѾ׼ˣĸ÷ȴ˵һҪȽסĸΪֻеݿˡ
ôѽ֣ԣǩһСƻ͵һߡ
һӹƻ׽Ժ˵ֻ֪ҵˣǲǣҾ޷شˡ
֣˵ԷȡЦ΢죬װһ˵˼Һ˵˾飬ʲôѽ
ããŴˣҴˣ̸˾顣һžһر˵ӡ׶ڹв󣬵֣Ϊ˵Ĺ۵㣬ˣһֱڹٻ֮ҳ󣬶ĿȾӦûеʶģҪ֪ͷ棬һҲصطϼ򵥡
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˵ôôͻȻӦ쿴ңԭǽѿѽ֣С죬˵
Ҳô˵ǰʱ䲻Ǿͺ˵ҪһᣬҲһðɣһ͵
ˣƽˣʱ乤ϵһ٣ٲٵģȻҪҲҪע⡣֣˵
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عһʶԷпڹ򶨣ǲٺֱ֣ӿʼʵԵĹ˸տʼмɬ⣬ʱ֣һǻϵģмзΪ˼
һǱסˣɶԷǲǳʲô˵ϷǱһЩСҩ裬ܹⷽǱܣҶ޺תһ־òԣСҩǸ˳Եġ
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ڶһֱ˯ʱ֣ѹһ׼֣洫˵СãȥȥȾˣһֱʮҲŻ˯ֺȶˣ˯ᣬȳԡ
һ⻰Ժ뵽ĶʮģǶ˯ġ˵֣⻰Ժһӻ治˼ȥǼͷװ˯
ֱɩȥˣһ͵͵شӴһ˭˭ˡһ֣еģ˲ٳԵģϻһţ̣Ȼȵġһθڴ󿪣ϵĶһɨա磬ûгȥӡ˯ҲǷǳһ硣
ʱ֣ˣòûиţȻֽһ۵ҹ˲ôΪһͬ־ġ
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ѧ˳ȥԺһض豭ƿǴ˴ˮҶѿȻخһڣڣƢ豭ʹòҶ޷ˮȻ˺Ȳ裬γҲƻȲǷľһôõġ
һǳֽ׶ε˶Ĺؼʱ̣ȴǿ飬̯̾ˡһԺ͵سˣ˽ֵƬ澭еλֲĳ˲ͣתȦ۾ŶԷֺͽţѰҵԷһѰҵ֮ǰתȦʮȦҲðȻ֣ް̣֮ǴҵĹʶ
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гˣӦǱҲǺ죬ϸҪȤģһȥ棬Ƕҵе·һЦӭȥˬ˵ѧҲǺ˵гʱֱͨôˣ
ϰ壬ҡҡѧ˵ίؿ


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һгͲҪСͨġЦ˵漴ѧ˵СȥɣҺϰ̸顣ȻΪѧΧˡ
ѧװƵ˳ȥſԺ󣬽üͷϷʵҲѣϰ棬Ҳѧѽ첽ߵ輸ǣóһӣݲȥˡ
гѽ˼鷳һˡһǸ˵
һг˵ɾͼˣǲ绰Ҳ׼أսʱ򣬿ĳͣڴѩˣ֪ˡһϵ˵һĳͣλãԱʾԲ顣
ǺǣǾͺãֵ뵽һȥˡһЦ˵Ȼǽ˸ղǷ˵ǡ
Цŵ˵ͷȻ´ͳݸһһ֧漴ǰһΪԷϻ𡣸ղŵǷ˵ȴʵʵڵģĹٳϵǳе飬ǵȴ¼רͨ⣬һȻᡣ
ǵԺһЦ˵ѽлֱ˵ˣʲôģɲҪ⡣
һֱ֪ԷѾյղŴݹȥϢ˵˵һглֱ˵ֻҪģһ
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Ȼܵһĺ⣬æ˵һг뽲Ҹ˭ұ֤
һ״æҡҡ֣Ц˵ţҿɾͱѽǺǣ
⻰Ժ󣬸о˴δй֮У˽ܻʱĶǲ²ʶ»Ȼѽһһۣ˵ãһгҾͲ˵ЩͷԵĶˣʲôԸ뽲
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һЦŵ˵ͷԼİ칫ȥҪԶټ棬ȻΪҩ۵飬ǷֹгԶˮǶͷһƶõķ룬ʱѵ˸ʵʩʱˡ
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ңɣһǰһĴţŰ·һֱǰһֱֱһṦ򣬾һҽļ͹ݵСǰ³ԺŷСȻģǲ棬˵ϻ˾÷ǳˬɾֻؼҵĸо
һСʱԺɣɺʱһһǰһ뿪Сݣֻ˴·Ժ󣬾͸ˡںһó绰زһ룬Ȼ˷ͼ
һֻԺǿģһжǰǰչղ绰˵ѾԶȡϵԷһͻصİ칫㱨


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һʱԺһҲ˲ٵջĸдЩ黹˵ô죬Ҳż飬Ա߿κֻҪһºۼģʱˣβȻ¶ˡ
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һҹһ˯÷ǳ̤ʵԴӦ֣Ժʱ˯ɲһĺãӲԲġСѾͷķǹã⼸ĳЩλǳֱ糿ʱе㷴ӦĻͰͦˡ
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κĻһ㶣ﲻ̾ǲ򵥣Լı΢Щ쳣ȻظоˣȷʵΪڹٳϻ켣˵κɣΪ־ƵıţʵҲһһ̽߹ٳףκ֪Բ񣬾ͻᱻ˳ԵͷӶˣԶԼĺ飬һҪ˽⡣ڿһı֣Գ׷ˡ
κͿһһۣһЦһѽ쵼ǵĹæµԼ飬ǲҪȥ鷳ˡ⻰һˣڳѾ֪˹־ƵһЩ顣
һ˵˵ͷȻ˵лָ̣ҲôģԲŵϸԮģǺǣ
Ȳ裬ԲƣһκͿĵ˵
һڰ칫浴˺һЦκͷ²豭Ժ˵ϵѽĩȥӦһˣĻܿϢ
ôµĻľѳˣҪľǾ̬ˡһ˵
ѽǶ֮ѽκ͸̾
粻ֹһ˵ȻĻҲͲҪˣ˭ʤߡ
ǺǣǺǣԣһŬκͱ˵һֻ֡Ĵֽһ
һص칫Ժֱ绰ƺͼ˵ˣ˵ϢһǣѾ쵼ˣⷽ滨˼󣬶ܿģһֱüһӪԺ󣬻ûʲô֣ﶼһļǼͷϻһġ֣˭ȥ
һԸȥҺ˽һ¼ȻˣҪ˫¡յĴǴףԷʲôֽţǿɾѲˣҪֽŵĻֻںзΧڣϾʡм棬ڲĹӹ淶ҪֶεĻôסĿǣһƺͼ棬Ժенһ߷ãδȻ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһǾе㲻̤ʵʱĸоҲѹ֣Ͼ飬һֻҪʵ˵Ļ˵Ⱥúúһġ
һϣֻúۣ־ǻᣬһԺһҪôôڲŷʱ뷨Ƕôɡ飬ģЩ飬˵ԹҺǷ棬Ȼǿ϶ģǶ˵Щ鱾ͲӦ÷ǷˡһöЩΡվһ֧̣ƿ˴ŵ죬׵ƣһƺһЩдԼģڣ˵
ٽ°ʱܿ˶ţʽǷʱ䡣һŷѾþûͶԷһûûҪ飬һʱӵˣæشû¡ܿ˵Ѿˣڲ˳ˡһһȷʵͲﴫߴߴЦ˵°Ժͻؼҳ
ܿڵ绰ؼҡ֣类ʩ˵Ѩһ˵ûԷһҡ⻰䲻˵˵ȷʵ֪ˣ˵ڼ㡣漴͹Ҷ˵绰
ʱֻܿģۿȺĶڴת˵Ůʱԡ޵ԣʱγҲǺ״򷢵ģһĶһʺӡ
ٽ°֮ʣһѧֻǰƣǷֵļɻʵѧôˣǲʲô飬ҪеĻֱ˵ģֵҶġ
ѧ⻰Ժ΢΢һ죬æ˵ϰ壬Ǹңޡǡ
һĻˣЦʵôˣǸҡģ㾿˵ʲôһ˵ѵ֮䣬㻹ʲôǵ𣿡
ѧ⻰Ժ󣬲˼ץץͷǺһЦ˵ϰģһԸ
ǣһһûзӦתһ룬׹ˣһѧŮԷôŮѵˣչԺ󣬻¸ˣˣʲôʱ飿һ˵ָָ칫ӣʾѧ˵
ѧҡҡͷ˵һʱŪˣڵԺ칫ҹˣʾһл⡣
ǺǣѽĽչͦİ᲻ǰѽһȤʮһգǲھ·ݰɣ
ѧ⻰Ժ󾽲ѣŮȷʵ˵ĸ˼Ļ¸ˣҹζ˼ѧʱϰ廹ûΪѵġôҲõɣ˵֮ĸܺã¿á˵ֻһʽѣγҲζκ͸Լصĳⲻá


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ϰ壬˵ЦˣĶô죬һѰѹأǺǣѧһһԷĽڡ
СӾͱˣҺҲжˣһ˽㣬ҪûյĻҸǰᶼᡣһؽҴĻԣǵٷһҪԵģǽ첻Уϻȥе顣ȹӣɩӴӦʱȥҰݷһүӣԴϴδҽԺȥԺҿû˼ˡ
һ⻰жѣĶ쵼˵Ļѽȫֵ֮еĻΪ˲ƷѣϰȻȥԷѧֻۿһȣ쵼ɣ˾ˬ죬˵ģʿΪ֪Ҳô˼
°ʱԺһҴҵ¥ϳֱݶȥϰʱæµѧµһЩʲôԶֻڶ棬ʹ֮䣬Ҳᶼûѧ֪Ҳֻ֪ԷͬҲû˵
һһ·Ϸ۵糸ٽԺ͵ƺŮ˶ϲʲôģʱõ廨͸ܿɵΪԼԽԽ˽ŮˡԺѳټ˵ʵĶл꣬һӡҲûС
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ȥ󣬵߽ȥĹģȴǲСָĻۻҡϰ⻨Ǯһָǰһõĺõ壬ʵ
ãʮԪŮһʮͷŮй˿ţæ첽߹ش
ŶҾɣһ˵
Ůɨһۣ̽û˵͸ŮѰɣ
һһ㶣Ȼ漴˵ͷɲܷϣܲ˵͸˵ġɲʮԺСеӣشĻСһɫ֮С
Ƽַɫõ壬Ůһ㶼ϲֻǲǸһ㡣ŮָŻһĻ˵
һ̧ͷһɷϵ˵ŮƼȴҪղѡõƯһ㡣ڻûʲôо֪ʲô˵ˣΪ˺弾ܿĵġȻɫĸƯһ㣬Ǿͷɫİɡ
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һҡͷ߰ѻڱţ⻰ζƺȸղһ㣬Ұοһѻϣ̧ͷɣȥһһõ廨Ƶģ
һ̧ϳԺ󣬰ѷɫõڸϣŻԺشתƣԺ󣬹ϵ׼ĶͻȻͣסˡֻǰһ壬ͻһϨˣһӷ·ʩ˶һһ˳ǰȥڳǰԼʮ״һŮӣͤͤԸУ׵ɴȹе쳣˵ԺﲻɵøֳǾȾľ䡣
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ѳԺһǰʻȥӾ¥£ѳͣԺõ廨Ԫ¥ݿȥſڣһûԿףȵһ沿ı飬Ȼ塣ʱȻ֪Լϵı飬һôԲҪһ
ܿԺ󣬿վſڣϾȻһɫõ廨Ůɬ˵ˣʲô˵߽ӹһϵĻתĻƿȥתһ˲䣬Цݣ红ͯ޵ɼŮ˶ǰģܴʮ굽ʮ궼⣬ʱﶼ˵ϲ
ӵĲȣһһжԼղŵ£ҪȻǰŮ˿ǲƽΪҹ׼ãҲͺҹˡ뵽ԺһĬĬر۾ͼѸղſһĻͷʱԵȥ
˶ܿص˵Ȱ۾ϣʱһԱ۾뿴Էľϲֻߴžž죬ǰͻȻ֪ܿڸʲôá˺һԺ󣬲һɬŮڶ۾ɣ


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һһ۾ĸϸһ֧Сգգ۾Ӧ΢⡣
һɵһܿɬصͷԭղŵǼ棬˹˵ƣԺ󣬻һԸеĵۺɫ·ӳֱ˵ۣؼʵء˿Ƴ񣬸ҪǾȻϣʹıͼõļֱܿ֡ʧǵı֣ܿ⼫ˣ·ʱͻĳ˼ķӦڹȻӡ֤ˡ
ܿѾľĺƿΪ˸ǰĸ߽ű֮һĺơһŵĶסˣ⻹ǸԼϤŮﲻɻ
һҾ㣬ʱ乤ϵȽϷģ죬Ǿú÷һ¡ܿĿ˵ǰ»ʱ򣬼ܿĨǵһ֪һĽʵͿϰͼ֮ܿĹϵҲ˳ˮ۰֪ȫ˵˳
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ܿߺͷֻһĻꡣһ״Ц˵ԭҲˡܿһ⻰˶Էе˼æվҪһĻһͼͼԺ˫סԸеӣĶߵ˵ҶҿҪƨƨˡֵ˵ڼܿβϡžһ¡ֻܿûһмʹмּżڴ˵ĸо
ܿһĻãнһĶ·һƵġҪգķΧУԻȲæȥˣȲȥңϴξڿ̱ӵġ
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ڶһ磬һԺѾ˵ˣܿѾ׼͡ԺԼܿ˵ܿҪȥһе飬ϿҲزˣ㡭
Ŷãһ׼أҪˣŮе㲻̫أһеĲ¡ܿƽ˵
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ǾͺãӵãҪʲôĻ͸Ҵ绰һŵġһԲĵ˵


ʮ һѣ
İɣû£ܿ˵ҾˣٺȵƣųأԼĵ㡣
һѼܿͳԺɵ˴ϣɴȴһҲûţ˼澿ô죬ܲھֱðȻȥŰɡ˵ʵڻ谵·¿òʱǳ϶˾ŷ٣ڻعͷϸ룬治ҿ϶ǸŮ˾ǣƵڡ
ãҲûһõķ⣬һһɣڳ۲һȻ
һֵһᣬżܿӦѾȥİ೵ˣ¥ķȥǵļܿ˻˵ʲôܹеΣղſ˵ȥݳµģڿɻˮ԰棬ôŶе˵ȥ
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ҾͲһ춼ţ첻أһĬĬؼǵŷɢϰߡ
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ܿҽԺԺҽ˵һûʲôԺ󣬾ͺ¸һˣĻ᲻һʲô鷳
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һһ̾ʱ˳Ρ
˴Լʮӣˣ֪Ķı¹ޣȻһӵĹͷһ󣬲ÿˮҪˡܿһ֪¿Ѿ֪֮ĹϵҲͲˣһһڵιµȻǳ֪Ȥض㵽ȥˡ
˺þԺ²½ܿѾϴ˵ı¹ޣһ˵ϰ壬ҵûȥˣﻹе飬費Ҫҹ
ˣ㿴Ҫ˽𣿡һ΢Ц˵
ǾͺãҾȻȥˡϰټܿټ˵ԺҴҵس˲ţ˵ʲôҲٵʮߵĴˡ
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һصԺ󣬷̤ʵ࣬ԴŷͻȻȥ֮һֱ;ֿĸоر˯ʱ򣬲ϣûָоˮ԰һĻȻݺݵγҲʧнѳˣ˵һû
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ǺǣѧҵˣҲǣ˭أһ˵
ϰ壬ллˣ±˵˳ӡ֪˵ϾͿˣҪ˵ĻԵýˡһıְ˵ͷҲ͵һˡֻҪŬн⻰Ӧˡ
칫ԺһȰѧ˽ǵöƺͼϵе齻ȥġѧæ˵ͷϰ弫صغ˵ƺͼȥһ򵥣ء
ѧȥԺûһýļǵĵģһӹЩļؿմݣ壬칫ϵĵ绰ͻȻһ绰һФæʵʲô£֪ФʱڲƺƵͷһǷʲôôһ绰ġ
˵Ķأȥ㡣Ф˵
ڰ칫أɡһҲûˮֱ˵
˵绰Ժһļһԣϰϣ˳˼һƺƵʲô״Ƕʲôأһ˺һҲûʲôͷ
˴ԼһӵĹһſ˵ɣʲôʱôòˣȻѧˡ
Ļδ䣬žͱƿˣФԺ˵Ұǰսҵģ쵼İ칫һҪţһΪҪԭ򣬾ʲôģ˵ںĳŮо֮ģĻðȻɾͲˡ
ȥģǹ²ҵ룬ɾûĸŮԸоٺ٣һ˳Ļ˵ֻФǰһŲҪκΣȻ¼άϵ֮ǷبŲֵ֮顣
ФĻ󣬼װһ̾Ȼ˵쵼׷ЩСɫǲһѽ
Խ˵Խˣ׼Ͱ̸ģڿˣҲڹԴ̣˺öһû˵
ϴѽȻѽФЦ˵ղǻջأǵ쵼ģ˲С˹ͱһƽˡ
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˵ֱ֣ѧաФӹѧݹĲ豭˵飬ллˣллˣ
ѧæФ֣ˣӦġ˵Ժת˳ȥ֪ФһһһҪҪ˵һӵġ
Ȱ칫ֻʣԺһФ˵ʲôˣһƣǲְһͨ
쵼ӢѽҸղȥֵʱôûзأǿѽФһʧ䡣ЦԺѹ˵еüĿˣ֮ǰԤϵһǸؾȥƺƵ꣬˳סˣˣ벻˭
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ʲôѽ˵һǱˡ
Ǻǣ𼱣д㿴Ф˵˵ˮڲ輸ϣȻָպ˵ˮѸٵдһ֡
ߣһ߶ţոߵģͻȻԺֳ︡һϤ֣߷棿ǹֵĳ񸱾ֳһ˵
Фص˵ͷ
˵˵ô£һȲʵ
ǰʱ䣬ȥ˼ƺƵ꣬һЩ֣ҪģвСĲ࣬ǾͼӴжܶȣסˡФ˷ܵ˵İӻϣ߷˳˵ӳǵĶڹ˽𣬹һЩƽʱкˡ
ФͣԺ󣬼˵ԭģЩͬ־ڸɹĹУ֪һʲô̬εزȥֲ鵽ʲôأҿʲôҲû˼ȷʵ⣬ôó֤ѽԵȥһ£ǵЩͬ־Ǻξģ
ۣһФĻ̿סһЦФģ¸߷ӣмơ˵ûѽȷʵסˣֻǲ֪ǵΪƵ飬ΪǼ飿һסЦݣ˼һԺ˵
ѽҰ˻㱨ԺҲ˵ģĿǰԣҪ⿪ջһѶȣֻһһФһĻ˵
ѽȷʵżãˣֶĹôŵģһ͵ʲôƵģеʵ


ʮ ʱ
ֵ˼ֱӰƺƵˣȻҪ֤ݣǾͰ֤ݷŵʲô˵Ф˵⣬һĿģǽ˴ǵţ˳Ƹ澿Щè塣
߳һУаҲ˺üжЧ񲢲Ǻܴ󡣡һһѪ˵
֮ǰǵģڲˡФص˵߷Ժ¾ͺðˣΰвˣжûгɹҸղźѾˣ׼̾ӵˣⲻǸ߷ֹܵĲţӦûôӰҲоѡЩʵ˼ų⣬һС
ⷽȷʵһĻɹĿԾӦôࡣҾ֮ǰӦһ̬ԶԷҲΪжڻһ˼˵˼ұϾǳ񸱾ֳվ쭣ôҲøӲǣ
Ф⻰ԺһԺЦ˵㻹ϼ޻ĳЩ˿ҪʯͷԼĽඣ
ǿɾû취ˣϻ˵úã˭˭ҩҪվ˭ϵȥأͣԺһ˵ˣڸ߷⣬ôŵģ
ֵ˼Ȼܰôţƾʵݵ£ȥϴ̸ġФæ˵
ѽ²ܲѽ˭֪λĸڶʱһҪءһ˵ˣ߷иСӣһֵĽɫǿ϶Խ
Сӣô֪иСӣһ֪ǸФʵڸ߷Ҳ˵㹦ģûзһ⻰ʵԻ汧е㻳ɵ̬ȡ
һЦЦͰѼǰ־ȥ緹߷Сλɵ˵һ顣ФǿģԸ߷棬޴أһƺƵͷʲô£ؼҪ˿죬ǿɲһ׵顣ЩһϻٵĶЩӼڲƺĲ³߷ǸؼԵָûƾʵݾһ򵥵顣
ФһĻЦ˵쵽һˣûֶһ˵ܴڳһмֵĶ
ǺǣҾ㻹Ҫʾһ֣Ͼ漰߷棬ƼɲҲ˵ȥġһѵ
֪ϻȥԺֻ㱨ĵģ˵±Ƚ˽⣬ԶФ͵߷ǲƼûйϵֻǷλһЩ쳣˭֪Ǹ߾ʲôϵأ˵ǰɣ
һ󣬴ЦФ⻰ʵ̫ˣ߷Ҫ֪ˣѪѹִҶ˵ҪȥǾ죬мʮַʽԸ㣬ջưͳԻпԡ
ФԺһбҪȥֿһжʱûȥˣ֪ôҲȥ˽һʳƷҩƷලֵ˼Ժǲ˽չ
һߵſڣѧ˵ѧѽ绰֪ͨһ£ѳȥֿѧ˵ͷæת¥ݿȥϰô绰֪ͨһǸá
һѧʧͷݿڵıӰɵҡͷЦЦѧĶȻмĿ޷Ϊ˱ʾϰ彻һӣȻûκ⡣
ϳԺѧСʵϰ壬ǲҪ֪ͨһֵͬ־
ûǸҪˣҾȥһ˵ͣԺ˵ѧ㻹Ǵ绰ԶţĶء
ѧæͳֻ˼룬Ȼŵ绰һŰһṦҶ˵绰һ˵ϰ壬ֳأ׼ȥǵһᡣһû˵ֻǵ˵ͷѧϰıԺŷղҲˣϰ岢û֡ǳϰȥȻǳżȥģԸղԶŵȻ뿪ġ
ԺһͻȻı⣬ȵȼİ칫ȥжʱûˣ֪һʱıΣǿ϶ģ˭Ӧö顣ֳôҪһ飬һ־ֳȻ޹ϵֱӵĸо˭ϣҲοԼ黹ǳģеζֻƷ˲ᡣ
һλ¥ľֳ칫ңŲǰȥѧղſϰıֻ֣Ϊİ칫ںһ¥ϣϰ˼ˡҪǻˣһȥһǲҪȥͨһȼȻûҪˡϰܲѧ֪ģͲýᣬһʲôءһĹһѾ߳ȥ塢ףѧæȥ
ֳ칫ҵŶţ涼ڰ칫һʱǷ׷վ׼ǰкһ״΢Цسǰ˰֣λֳ䲻֪λг˾ʲôĶԺ󣬴Ҷ¹صص˰칫ǰ
ֳһһİ칫ſڼǰȥΪȼﲻһġǰ滹칫ңһԶŵģһǳȼġԶŽʱ칫ңһ㶼ں¥ϣͼһ칫һ֪ܲڹȥֻһܣǳųȼȥġ
뵽Ժһˣտ칫ҵȥ˳µİ칫ңһȥĻǻῴһϷ


ʮ õļ
æ绰ȼİ칫ҴȥɻͲﴫȴæģֲ˳ȼֻߴǡĵ绰ѹػ
һطеĻͲȥ۵ĺ룬뻹ǷˣʱһӦѾ˰칫ſˣȥЩͽ޹飬Ѿûκˡ
ҪҪˣȥɣһε˵ʱһӣҲҹȥȼڻΪҪʲô鷢ֻȼౣˡ
һϵһʱѾ˾ֳ칫ҵſڣŽգҲûж룬ȼһ棬Ļλֳղżʱһ㱨ġڹŰ칫棬ȼмƣһѧʹ˸ɫ˼š
ѧ״æǰһԽһ°칫ҵţһԺ󣬼ûκζ¡зӦˣֻصһ֪ʲôڵذˣ˼Ժֻ洫˳ȼŭ˭ѽʲô飿
ѧعͷһһֻۣϰŬŬ죬ǶŰ칫ҵţ˵¾ֳãиѧг飬뿪ţ
ȼ⻰Ժֻͷ˵һ֪ǺáԺĶ·ĴԻָߵŮ˵˵㣬·á˵Ժæҵȥ¿㡣Ů˱ŴˣһûзӦùɵɵؿŸղŻݺ۳ҵˡ
ģ㴩·һˣ׼ֱֳѽһŭ汻ŮˡŷӦææҵĴ·˶Ǿڴ˵֣һԺװˣһûʲôԵˣȼսսſȥյſͻȻִƵαǰõ
ȼ״һɤ˵ˣˡ˵Ժ󣬳ʹһɫʾɳáۼ״æӣ輸ϵһץϡ
ȼˣŴţһЦг˼õˣղںͰ칫ҵͬ־оһ顣
һû˵ߣ濴ȥֻɳһµٸһɫȹܵ·ȥܾʲôط̫Ծһ̧ۿ沿ֻߺ죬ϵղųȼôʱſţ˸ղ칫淢ʲô顣
һ纮˪ǰȥǸ۵ٸĶƣŵôɳ档һĸǰˣûվʺáһ״ﲻһӣȼҲֻܸ㶨Щɫǵ˵ͬ־ϵĶǲ÷ˣ
⻰Ժʶصͷŷָղڴæļõˣæ˸Ȼæ˵гã
ûһڣȼѾ˵ˣСѽղ˵ɣҪг̸顣
⻰Ժ⣬æһһЦ˵гæȥˣټ˵⻰Ժתȥһһûпڡ
Ů뿪ԺһվԭضԳȼ˵¾ֳǹæѽԺɵעʱ䡢صѽʵе㲻˭֪Ǹղĸطڵģɳӿɶǲѡ
Ŷгҡǡȼ֧˰죬Ҳû˵Ȼȷʵ޷ͣΪ׳Ҳ֪ղ칫﷢ʲô
һŭųȼһᣬ漴ת˾ֳ칫ҵţֱ¥ݿڶȥȼɵɵվſڣ˺һŷӦæǰ׷ȥܱߴغгг
¥Ǿֳ͸ֳİ칫ңۺһ뿪ټϳȼ˹ĺȻղŷھֳ칫Ĺ¡λֳ濴ȥһҲģʵ۾ſȥ˭뿴أֻʵڲվƶѡ
ȼ׷¥ݿڵʱ򣬳ʧˣΪһӰѾˡ˵֪Է޺øУڱϻȥôһԺ֪ôλͷ˾Ҫǵùˮһûȼһ̾ϢԺתȥ
ȼص칫Ժڰ칫ǰþûжˣһϴʲôӣǵˣôͻȻˡе㻳ǲ˿һϵģڻذ칫ҵʱעһԶŵİ칫ңȷûԺ󣬲Ŵ뷨Ϊؼǵ۹ʱҲעڵ丱ֳҵģʱͬûˡ
ʱΪóȼֱǽͷöϺ˾ƻؼԺ׼һģǶԷȴ˵첻㣬ó´ֳǲˬһ絽˾Ժֻûþòװͼλֳͷᣬ漴칫ȥǣû֮ʣʹһɫԷҲһ͸ֳ֪ˣĥһԺҲͽ˾ֳ칫ҡ
ɲһһ㣬̱ӣ˹ؼʱ̣ͻȻȼʼΪĸ֪׼ſڿۻ飬һס졣ԷһѣȼҲʶԡиĵĹ涨ֻҪֳŹţҶԾ߿飬ҲõŴԺĻֳܲˣȻҲء
ǰиշĴѧ˽ڿɪòУǼϼһһϼƣ͸һӣھֳŹŵʱȥ㱨Ժ󣬾ͱŵĳԺǶءһ£˭ôۣʱš
֪һʱ򣬳ȼϵĳλҲŵûɪɪһԺ󣬳Ȼǲʲôëǲ֪˵Ժ۾뿪Ϊⷽԭ򣬻ģֻеˡ
һһ·Ҳһ֮Ϲˣﰵﳤҵܳ£Ҫǰѳȼ¶ȥָǸĽأ⣬һǳҲͰˣԲȥɡȣû֤ݣ鶼ˣ֪ȷʵڣûν֤ݣֻΪδξƾʵץҲôȥɡʱ䣬ɲ٣Ҫٸһɫ¼쵼ôأһΪؼԭֹֿܵģҪǳȼ飬쵼οܲġ
ֻʱȱ˵ˣһ޺޵ֻҪҩ۵ʵˣȼһܲ˵ġĿǰյһݽȥˣ˵ݵжǾҪյĵˡ뵽ԺһɵüӴ˽Ųٵ¥ļİ칫ȥ
һչԺ󣬾ͿԶվ¥ǰڵģ״Ժһ֣Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣԼʱ۹⻹ǲģԶԴӵ˼鳤Ժ󣬱ȷʵȦɵġʱ½ȼһֱе㲻ˡ
ԶſһѧԺ첽ӭһʮԶʱͣ˽ŲվһߣкгˣҴͬ־ӭ鹤
һ״˵ֵ˹ɵúܳɫѽϣͬ־״̬
Զ⻰Ժ󣬴һΪʲôطòλ쵼Ĳˣĵ֮ɫվһӲ֪Ӧԡһܲ˵ǰȥԶûףѧ˸ǰæͶȥѯʵĿ⡣ѧ֪ϰ岢ǶԶղųȼǳ΢΢ҡҡͷԶżŷԭ쵼ûйϵֻҪǳľˡ


ʮ ֮
˵εģͲùĵˣ׻˵úãҲиߵĶţɲֵһ֣ȼǡ
ѧԶǲʲô£ǵ˵һ䣬Զžֳأ쵼ǶѾȥˡ
Զһ⻰ŷӦæ첽ǰ׷ȥߵѧǰʱٵ˵лϵֵúú˵⻰Ժ󣬲ѧʾֱ׷һȥ
ѧԶæµӰﲻһпҶ٣˹ԺأӺԶŵĶνӴӦкǿĹϰĸǸղϰһ˵ŵв֪Ǻõ˼ƣЦ̫񲣬Ц˿мأ䱾ûоԵĶֻҪֵȥˡ
һ˼ʱ칫һǺģ汾ͲʳƷҩƷලǱ˼ԵΪˡ£һæŹһϵػཻνѵ֮һûж˵ʲôֻǼ򵥵˴Ҽ䣬ͺԶһ鳤칫ҡ
칫ҲֻʮƽףһŰ칫⣬ż׵ɳһ״ɵð˵ͷΪô˵ԶŶֵĸֳΪԼһһİ칫ûʲôģӲûôȥ
Զżһɫ㻺ŷղѧݹϢȷʵûϰղŵķŭȷʵġղž;ˣ˵·̣Ҫôʱѽ¥µ˺һˡղϰһȥǰ¥ϣֻǲ֪ʲô飬һҪ취Լһ£ײʲôϰĻɾͻ֮ˡ
Զŷǳӵеһж˭ģ˵ˮھˣԲԼκһԲϰ
Զǰһëɳ浧˵Ȼһ¡칫ﲼ˻ҳǼܵñȽ϶࣬ԺҲʹһڴ칫С칫ҿ˵ѵù
Ǽôҩֵ˼Ժ󣬴ദôһɳԺʵ
ϰ壬ֻǻûȡͻƣҩֵͬ־棬ںܶ෽涼˶ļ⣬ǵİܴ󡣡ԶŻش
ŶͺãҽҪֵͬ־һڹҡгҩ˼Ϊսǧʵ䷴ѽһĳ˵˵ȡͻƵ⣬ҲҺǵĹܲףҪţֻҪҼȥһȡʤġ
ԶһĻ󣬺Ǹжæ˵ϰ壬ģһᾡֻǡֻǡ
ǺǣԶţлֱ˵ֻֻǵġһЦ˵֪ǲ˵ҽ⣿
ԶŸ׼˵Լﻰ⻰Ѿܳʱˣһȴǰ˵˳پһһȭ޻ĸо
ϴκòҽ⣬ȴ˵쵼ʱȷһţʱҾͺܲ⣬һžͷôʱ䣬ͬ־Щ뷨ұ뷽跨ذЩ뷨鳤ǰ¶ؼǵһ˵ҽȷһţǾýһᡣ
ԶԶ˶񣬶һ˵ϰ壬ǵģ˵ľ飬ͬ־ǺЩ뷨ҲǴ˴ġΪֹһʲô뷨ԶѼ˶˳
һԶЦЦȻóԷ˼˼ԺԶ˵Զѽ֪е뷨֮Ͳ˵ʲôĶˣҲ֪һȥĵز飬ζʲôɣٸһʱ䣬һʱˣ֪ͨǡҲ֪Һǵһģ̶ˮжҶŴȥһˣֱˮЩʯͷ
һϵıԴӼ˸ղųȼԺӼᶨȥľģ򣬻֪Щ˻һЩʲôóˣĻϰա
һһ˵Զŵò˼æ˵ϰ壬Ҳ˼ֻǴÿ쿴޽չǱҲ͡£
Զţ˵ʲôأҺôʱˣѵ㻹֪ˣһϵı黺ͣԺ˵Զѽһ飬Ǽͬ־Ƚ࣬汼һÿ¸Ҳ㽻ͨѣҲܶ࣬ҪȻŵͬ־ˣһ¾ٰɣ㿴ô
٣Զʧеղһ˵ܶԺҲͰʮǮ˼һ벻ԷһھȻ١ͷٿǮ˵಻࣬˵Ҳˣؼ֮ѽ
ôˣһ֪ʡ
ǣǡԶæ˵Ͱ˵İ죬ͷҾʹ򱨸棬͵ǶȥԶžϣͶԷᣬΪĻ˵ˣܲ˵Ǯ̫ˣǲɵҪǱǰһ֪̻ˡ
һԶŵıҲû֮뵽ҲһΪǵİ칫ԺȷʵȽϼ࣬ԾֲһһҲ֪ﲻˬԴʷһɡ
öԺһ뿪ˡȻԶŽһûͬ⣬ȻʱѾٽˡνΪгȼ棬;ˣΪԲԷκͺ˵Ļᡣ
һԺԶŻص˼Ĵ칫ңѸղϢˡϢԺǿģһԶſȥ򱨸档Զű׼ȥⱨģڱһ˵ֻȰѳԷһߣСȥС칫ҡ
óֽԺ󣬸дһͷֻͻȻóһȻǳȻĵ绰⵹м֣ΪȼѾкþûд绰ˡ֮ǰԶžһ´ֳȻòŸ绰ʱ䣬ȼ˾һֻӬȻҲ绰̫߳ˣԶű˽
ȼѯһĹȻʺһͬ־Զ֪Էл˵ȻԸⶵȦӣҲ⣬ڵ绰һһ𣬺ò֡Ҫǲ˵ĶԻ׼ΪǼ鳤ͨ
ȼԶŲӲ磬ǲˬҲ޿κΣˣֻܵͷ䡣漴ѻһתһ顣Զ׹Է绰ԭǳгġԶžͰһӲϸԷ˻㱨ͨ飬Ϊûʲôģ顣
ȼʱ˼һڼ˵ʲôʲôò׵Զ˵ԺʵԶžֳѽг˻׼ȥݼһ¡
ֳôѾȥˡԶŻش룬⳪һ֪гˣղŲӰȴҪݼⲻǵ͵
ԶĶ֪ȼеĿԣͲأֻǲңһһѿĻԿ
ڱʾҪһһӦһˣһҲ緹ʱ䣬Ϊֵһ֣һ£Ҳ֮С˭֪ԶžȻһѾˣʧ֮ͬʱҲ֪Էκλˡ
ƽһԺװǻƵ˵Զžֳѽ쵼ôǼĹôҲ쵼Զٱ㷹ɶѾ˷ˡ


ʮ սǰ׼
ֳǣҲˣ쵼ԶװΪѵ˵ѾͬƵˣȼһǵϰ壬Ҫʾáѹϰ岻ԸԷԭ滹ЩãϸбҪȥϵһ£ʲô顣
ȼʱĺԶŶʲôۣҴ˵һ䡰Ժע⡱͹Ҷ˵绰ԶźͼĿˣޣܾԴУɲȼķ
磬һæļм仹ӡ˼绰ٽ°ʱ򣬵绰ͻȻٵһһȻ˽ܵеļԷҪ˵Щʲô
˽˾ʮԺ˵˳ȼ飬һ׹ǼһﵣԼ֣Բ˽䵱˵͡һûжԥֱӸ˽һξˣԺעԼСĻظ
˽ܺǿģղŶ⵽İ칫ңѳȼͼӴ׵˵һ飬˵¿ɲһء˽ȻĲȥ⵵£Ҳȼһǳؼ£ζðƨɸɾˣĻ
׼һʲôҲ׼ӦϾ·ͬСɡ˭֪һֻ˵䣬ͱʾԸ֣⵹֮ܳ⡣
µ绰Ժ˼Էڡѵ׼ͽˣҲûܣǸʲôѾóʱˣҲûʲôĪ֪Ѷˡ
뵽Ժ˽ܲмԵΪҽҩҵˮжҪ˵һǵ־ڵʱҲû㡣
˽ܶԽ˼ͬʱһҲûšͨ˽ܵ绰ȫȷ˽ܺͼڲҩ֮Ѳ˸ϵһίڲʱ򣬾æΪһֳҳг˵ġһһûи˽ֱӺͳȼ֮ϵģͨһġһؼǵã˽ܵĶһֱʡ͵ĵƣҪͽһҲ⡣
¿ȥȼֱӺ˽йѰ죬ϾԷǺеһ֣ʵȻΪйϵĻǺһվŸΪƾǸӸϰԣһǸ㲻ôĶġһֱΨгĹհģĻ¿ɾʹˡô飬Ϊг֪飿⻰˵ȥû˻š
ѵκ͵ĵ»ǣв档һ뵽Ժе㲻ˡԺ漴ֳָϴȥݰ־ƻ㱨ʱĳʱ˵ʱϰһҪأѵڵʱˣ뵽Ժһһ־ȣ̫ˣԺԼߵ·кܳѽ
һһ˼Ժ󣬻ǾʱҽȷһţΪǱߵĻζ˫ʽĿʼûлͷûлʤİաһһʧܣ滹һ˸ùӰ쵽־ơ
뵽ԺһٴԼһҪأҽǲܶϾƾʵݰǶҪľһѰҵԺ󣬾Ϳضˣʱ򣬾ЩҪ˵飬޷ſڡֻбʤİա
һٺκһ£ӾúͶԷһ֮١һκڹٳϳ꣬вٵĹϵʶҲࣻһ棬ԸǳСĽǡɺһγһܷӳһ뵽Ժ󣬵˸绰κͣԼһԷ
κһص֪һʲôµĽչˣԼһȥζݳԷһ֮ǰȥζǱŰһѵ뷨ڵϲǶ˵ζԼĻǶˡ
°ԺԺһǰһķʻȥȻһκ͡Ṧ˵ĳͣζݵſڡһκ͵ǰţȻӦȥš
Ժһְ̨ŵľȻţپһ棬Ǵδֹ̨Ůվһ˵ǳԷǣ
һһǰŮˣŵмƣҪ˲١һ΢Ц˵ãϰ𣿡
ȥˣгǰŮ洺ʵ
һʻԺ󣬵˵ͷ֮һҪȻԷһϳ
ãг˵ֻҪˣһɴۡȥ㰲Ű䡣Ů˹˵ŵıãһֱ￪СݣҪȥݣſꡣƽʱĹҲǡ糤֮ģһμгôĹ٣˵ţǼٵġ
һĻԺûж˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷȻͻعȥкκˣΪѾŲˡŵıҲһṦͰǰźˡٳ֮ʣЦ˵λ쵼ã˵ƷѾˣһ
һκ΢Цŵ˵ͷǰŮ˿ȥԵһ㣬˵»Ƿǳģټϱͱµգ˵ӡȻ
һκѵûкȰ׾ƣֻ÷Աһơơ˵Ǻ棬ȣȵơҲǲ
κ֪һһлҪ˵ԷԱȥԺЦ˵ϵܣԷʲô飬ֱӿڣһƺȥģ㲻״̬£ľҿĪ
Ǻǣϸ̫ǫˣȷʵеҪ㱨һ˵
㱨ջȥҪȻҿɵ𡣡κͬ˵Ҳأʱȷʵ̫ƽѽҪͷˡ
һһ㶣벻κǶҲз֣ٷԵûʱһƿơƵݸκԺʹ˻ϻӡ
˱ߺȱģһԼذֵļ˵κ˵ȼڰ칫ĵʱκѾƱһţֻ۵һȻ޺޵һ䣺࣡
һŰ˽ܵıҲ˵˳κͿڣͰԼڰ칫뷨һ˵˳κþûпڣһơƲ֪ˣ¾ƱһЦ˵¿ѽҲһЩ˵и쵼ɲļҩƷҽе⡣
һһ㶣벻κͻָľȻ⵵飬ȫȷĵڶȷģҲ˵˽ܴ绰ȼ˵飬ΪԵʡҲζźҩ۵漰Ĳ棬Ѿ˱еķΧ
ƿֱΪԷıƣһƱκ˵ˣ
ãɣκʹӦǲˣֻܱˮˡ
һû˵ֻǶƱ͵һﲱӣһơƵθκҲӣѾƸˣ¾ƱԺ˵ϵѽסˣŷųϣ֪Ѷѽ
Ǻǣҽպͼͬ־棬ǵĹ̫ˣҸûÿ·ԪĽͨһЦ˵
κĻЦԷͨϢ¸ȥľģκȻеǿġ֮ǰе㵣һ˵ϢԺ󣬻᲻ùģϾ漰е쵼ڿȫǶġ
ȷ¼ȥԺҪ۵ľ⡣һѹǱߵĶκһܣ̶ҽߵ黹ȷһţȹǱߵĽȻƽϡ


ʮ 䲻
ƵģһҽǾζ½ع׶ˣΪʱһ뷨跨øָϰģĻʱһһĶ
̸Ժκ˵һϴΰĹȥʡвɼŴ顣һ˵ϵѽеǻеģʡϵͳҲеʱ˸绰ȥ˵ڻûǵĴ¼˵УҪʱȥһ¡
ŶǾллϸ磬Ҳλѱʾлһ˵
֮ͲҪôˣûдأ˫뷢׼ȷһţκʵ
֮䲢ìܣÿֵ̾ͬ־ȥģûʲôӡһ˵ȻͶԷͬˣǾûҪʲôˣǶ˵ǺĻ
κ⻰Ժһ벻˾Ȼôóһһ˶֣ھȻҪһ졣ͨԿԲһʱͷԷȣǾϸ˼Ĳ֡˿ɲǳ֮ʱյĻһɾѽԺһҪǿϵԼĽǴġ
ǰ˵Ҫ˽ܡǶ㷭ˣ߿κͣҲԸ⶯һйϵ֧һĸԭκ͸㲻һƴΪʲôѵֻΪǨƣƺ̫񣬿Ϊܴлʲôأκ˼ãҲûҵ𰸡
һκһԣڷ㶣ǳʵϸ磬оʲôأǲǷʲô⣿һıֻмֵģΪκͿǷǳϸµģܷһЩΪע⡣
ûУо㣡κͱ˵߶Ʊһ˸ɱĶȻһﲱӺȾ˱оơ
оңʲôоģһƺʵ
й¶κһ˵һҲɵЦ˵ʵû׶Էе˼

ʱ÷ɿ죬ܿ£쳣ϵ֪иͣ˾ķҵġһİ칫ȴϰϰѧһͰ˿յ칫˵⡣
磬һﶼܲƽΪʱФһ绰˵׼֡һһԷ͹Ҷ˵绰Ȼ˵Ǻܷ㡣һȻе˼ֵ׼ƺƵ궯ˡһ˵ҲǷǳؼģΪһж͵ߵĽأȻǳġ
°صԺ뻹ǲģóֻһŸФһнϵ˽СʱФŻضţ֪һرעͷָģġһЦЦ漴ֻϴ֣£ҷġ漴˷ͼ
Фֻཱུһóһһ֣۵һЦˡڶʵЦʲôأǲϱ˵֮ھͲ׼ؼˣ
ֳΨһһΣó˵¡Фϳһִʱûٻ˵Էвšڿʱ򣬲СıһС쿴ˣ¾ڹ洫ˡһǾûеӵ˵µģȻ⡣
ǺǣСӻ˵ʵͨФںײơФƷɵĽһֱϷ磬ƽʱФǷǳյģ˽֮˵ǱȽġ
ֳֻҪʧˣſ쵼ģĿФ˵ֻ߰ݸ
һȻһģЦЦҲûٶ׷Ф˵ʱͶʮɣʱӦʱ̴һһĲ飬ЩèȫҲ׵Դȥ¥ͷҪرעָĶһ٣ͲˣҴ⣬Ѿ侯֧ӵϵˣʱǻжġ
ǣֳģ֤񡣡Ф˸ղŵƤЦ߾˵
ãȹȥôϢһ£ʮӵʱ򼯺ϣʱӳҾͽ㸺ˣ˸ղŵ⣬һҪرģһҪעͬ־ǵȫЩ˿ɶʡ͵ĵȣһҪǿұʶҲһ˵һһֱڰ칫ǵϢʲôʱ棬Ҫš
ǣФĻһжܶԷĹǳʲôĿģоԺӣȷʵܶİ㣬ҲܹѸٳɳһҪԭ
Фص칫Ժ󣬲ͨһĵ绰ѶֵʱӦİһͨûйܵɣһǾԿˣҲҪһϵβƺƵֻǲơġô򵥣ҪĻȫӦΰȥɣôͷ̾ӵ˳أ
һ⣬Ҫ˵ɽһûƻиɻФ͸¶ʱһֱûж֣ȸ߷治ڼҵʱܱ֤©Ϣ˵ѡ˶ŵùģϾǸֳ˭ܱ֤û˰Ϣ͸¶أΪ˭Ҳִܶ˵Ϣܸ߸߸ֳĻеָźͺ¿˼ˡ
糿Ÿ߷ȥӦˣȻ漴ڽ֣еöֲִ˼ԷҲ뵽ֻô춯֣ǳ˵Ĺ䲻䲻⡣
һᣬһФҪעⰲȫФȴЦ˵û£Ǹͷָ֮ƽʱŵòУҪʰǵĻ˭ҳžֵģЩܹģһˣʱ÷ŵ㣬䲻ظһӡ
һЦЦ˵Ҫעһ㣬С޴ФӦһԺ󣬹Ҷ˵绰ִһ绰ٻ߶Էֵ࣬ؼˡٻ˵㲻ǰֵôֵˡ
Фżȷʵֵ࣬ղҲһ˵û̫⣬ŽˣֻüȥŻͲ˵߾ֳȥӦˣֵࡣٻҲûٶ˵ʲô͹Ҷ˵绰Фһʲôжʱ򣬶ٻֵ࣬ġȻƽʱϵͳ˱ȽҪʲôʱ򣬻һΣԵģںƽҵȣҲһΣְҵˡ
Фѵ绰Ժ󣬾Ϣһ£ΪһỹҪҪȥءڻľɳϣܿ磬Ҳ֪˶ãֻһ飬æɳȥϴּϴ˰Ժ󣬾̴ӳİ칫ҡ
֪Ѿ׼ԺѼжӳһ˽Ȼжļƻ˲áʱҲ֪жĿĵؾȻƺƵ꣬˺ǿģд֮˼Ϊطҿûٰϰյߣ˵ݡѻ£˵ȥǶһûʹľ
ʮʱ侯˵˹֣һ侯˶ˣһ϶ӿֳ˷֮飬ϵ۾жӳɶԷȴѯʵĿ⡣
ò׵ȵʮһ̵ʱ򣬾ֳФ̾ӳһǰ֪һҪджˣһĦȭƣ׼ˡФһ£һ侯ĳѹ
ʮ룬;׼ʱͣƺƵſڣ˷׷ֱ˾ƵĴáǰ̨Ůܿ챻סΪֹͨ籨ţֱӰѺ˾档
Фʹ˸ɫȥԡǣøӳȥ֮ǰѾź˵ġ


ʮ ˳
Ф侯սʿֱ¥ȥǱ߱棬ͷھƵ¥İ칫棬һһһֱһ˵ǲָͲö֪ˣΪӼʱ޷ȷݡ
Ф侯ͨ¥Ժ˷ֱסݿں¥ݿڣһĻиӦ侯Ǿֵģ˵˻ԸһĻФ治ôš
ʣµϢǰȥһдšܾҡǰͣ侯սʿѯʵĿ⿴Фǵ˼ԣſǹصýģҪȥĻֻŶˡ
Ф֣ʾǶ˵ͷѶ˹Ф˵ȥţֻҪ˳˸¡һָվߵˣȻֳұ˵ֱӳȥˣͰΪ˱⣬ҪԷǵĶһҪ죬ԷֵĻᡣûˣ
ʻԺѸٵص˵ͷһ˻˻֣ʾǷֱվŵߣǰһ¡һᣬûзӦФּӴ¡
˷Ӧֻһȵ˭Ф󣬳űߵ˰˰֣ʾҶҪڣص˵ͷФ£ʱŭˣģ˭ѽǷ˲ǣ䣬۵һʱʲô֪һ˹ˣȫעؽ䱸ţֻŴ򿪺󣬸Էһ
Ŵˣüһ̵̽˳ﻹ֣ûѯʣһ侯סԴקһס˫֡ұߵλ侯͵ƿţֻȥФҲǺ棬ȥȻһˣƲԣ׼ܣǰǸ侯һţ߷ڵأһλ漴ȥԺͰƷˡФȥԺ󣬱ʵ˭
ʻԺһת׼ѣФѸٵһץסָֻ֣ͷλ侯˷ܵ˵Ҵߣ
ָ⻰Ժ֪˼ǳʲôˣ˳ѵ˼Դλ侯սʿϳ˷䡣ſڣͷڽ棬ָǰһڣ֪ˡͷµ磬㲻Ǹûô£
ͷָԺ󣬰ͷҲ֪ô£ʱȥ˭أõϢǶԷãûҵȷ֤ݣûʲôˡ
ûʲôġͷ޺޵
СʱԺФһ£˳նӡοɹͷúúһˣԽ׵ľʹʮˣһﻹǰɫķĩ⵱ȻˡűѺϳһܵŮŮФӿ˼ֵ֮ɫʹ˸ɫȻͷָͣӳᣬ˰Ѻ˳
ФͷĶ˵ҿɾͽˣɲܸŪˣǿǷǳؼ
Фַģ֤񡣡˵ФȻֻǾֳҶѾϰԵسΪФˡФ⣬ļģλ̾ӵĵ˻ǷǳεģҲôҪ񽻸ȥ졣
ϳԺФæó绰жĽ绰ͨԺȲʵôָڲǣ֪ͷ϶ܲ˵ģĵľָ
쵼ģѾˡФĵ˵
ãɵòҲܿġ
Ф漴˼򵥵Ļ㱨Ц˵Ҫû˶䣬ǲУ˵ǰжô޽ԭô¡һº˵Ժ󣬾ֱ˵绰
Ф״ҲߣǺϰɣһ㹫ϵͳ쵼ˮġղĻ˵˭Ф֪θ߷ڽˡ˵ʵФһֱˬƨ²ɣָֻŵģȻҶФôıǺܼɵġˣǵ͵Ӳ
Фһ£ͨһĵ绰ߵһ򵥵Ľܡһͬܿģŵ绰˵ֵܣˣһŬһҪ¸ˡ
Фֻ˵ãһΪ
һҶϵ绰Ժ󣬹ص˵ӣڴ˼ղһֱڵФϢȻߴ˵ͣһ仰ҲûýȥǸңڿԷˡ
ָǰʱ׼ϮӦˮʯˣ¸ˣͺðˡ
Щ˺ͼ֮Ȼûʲôϸ𣬶Է֮ҪԸǣȻˡЩνϵˣһֵǺܹ˼ģǶһˣαˣ֮ǰûеõκϢ᲻ЩԹҪҲ˵顣֮ҹһ˵ȻûŮ顢֮ȴעһҹ
ڶһ磬һյ칫ңͽӵ˲ĵ绰˵ǾŵٿʱίᡣһװӣһʲôݡͰ飬򵥵ظ˵ڿ֮ǰǲܴЩϢһֻǷݽ顣ҲԷҲ֪ˣǻʲôܵıҪأ
һµ绰Ժﰵ룬еסˣٿίأѵ׼Ϊͷ֮һؿ߾˽Ϻ꣬ǾԲɳǵġ
һһ£Ҳûʲôͷֻõʱٶˣ˵ͷģֻҪںҡźˡ
һҵʱչŵʮѾŲˣκǺǰŽġشкȥ·֪һ㡣ԺǶ˻ңһкһֳ˳ӭ⣬ίϾȻҲ΢΢Ƿ˸к
Ҳ˲ûע⣬һȴʶعע˵ΪԲط֡ϵ֮ǰһΪɼ˵飬һ˵ףĳЩϣѾ˹ʶ
˽ܺһŵ׼ʱ˻ңֻûǱ߰ڼֱͣλмλϡհѱʼǱͲ豭źãͿ˵ˣͬ־ǣѽǺоȻƺƵĴֵͬ־úѽŴײˣǿϲɺأͬ־Ϊǽܾ
һ˽ܵĻκͿȥֶԷҲڿ˽һɫ˽ܵĻȻ򵥣ѾΪƺƵ鶨ԣ££޹ϵһҲ˶أҲ˵ʲôʲôģôȻֻѼֻС㡢СϺŪȥ뷽跨£ФƷɡײƵ˾ͿԿһ״ίǡֳ
˽ܵĻ󣬾ͰϹֵжһ򵥵Ļ㱨˵ΪʲôôľȥƺƵ꣬һ֮ͣǰӵȺڵĶξٱί쵼Ҫ£ǲſչж˵ûʣ˭Ҳ޷ҳ˽ϴλʱҲȷʵҪԺΰΣ⵹Ҳȥ
˽ܾǲˬҲö˵ʲôǹָôжΪίǣһûõҪ˵˽û߹ȥ¶š˼룬˵ղͬ־Ѿ˾˵˵ûʲô
һʣҲö˵ʲôŵģƺƵô㣬Ҫû㱳ǲôɵġ


ʮ 
ͨ˭ôȥ飬Щؽ⡣仰˭֪һô죬Ϊίǵ˽ƫƫʳ⣬ֵô˼ˡ
û״֮ǰ˵Ҳû̫Ĺϵ˶뷨
һ˿б˵ʱӦżģϾȥɵģֻŸ豭ϸо·濪Ƶġ
һһ㶣תһ룬˹ѾˣƾʵݰǣȻҪż뵽ԺĿ˽ȥȻе㲻ˣȻϽΣֵָָûĶǳĵ뷨
״Ժһ豭ϸƷ糿ݵ˵òǺò裬ȥ㣬һܡ
ǰ״˽ЩˣϡպίǻֱʹһɫɴҶ޶á°£õĻпܰԼȥƽʱΨ˽հ漰ʱ˭ҲԸȥԩͷ
˽ܼ״ζҪըˣ豭һˮɸպȵ»ص˱棬Ȼһ֪ۡûطԼأҲû취ֻõͷӹ˲豭ȻѸߵ䣬ѲˮͰˡҪ֪ݵĲѽ쵼òоǲУݵҲС
ȺѲ豭·ŻصǰԺ˽ܸɿŴЦЦ˵ȷʵأҿܾú⣬һӽܲˣҲҭʳӦúǺõֻһС麦Ⱥ֮ˡҿƺƵ⣬ֵͬ־ҪԵ࣬¸ϰտɶؿءǾܹϢ飬ҪԵ𡣡˽˵󣬴е˻ߵĸоһִȻ֮
豭һСԺ󣬼˵ͬ־˵˵뷨⻰Ժ󣬺Ż˵Ҽӵίľ
һĻԺһִ۾֮УΪһϴʾܾ˽ܴʲô⣬˵˾֮ģ·˽֪һ̬ȣһĵһӦ˽֮ܺЭͬġ
Уһǵóѡһ˵׼˵κȴһһѭȥֻԷ΢΢ҡҡͷʶмǲʲô⣬κͲԵԼʾ뵽ԺһʱȲڣ˵
˵Ժ˽ѯ˵͸ղһû˽Ĳ磬ǶҲһ˽ܼ״ϵɫԷת̸´һ˼ȫ˸ղı棬˽˵ʲôһֶûȥ
ʱίһֱʮһɢᣬ˵˼⣬ȫ˽ܵĶϷһص칫Ժ˳˼ѧϰɫãһԺ˳ȥ
˽֮ĳĬ¾ôˣһ˼⡣
˵ӦòܣΪФѾȷˣֵĳ񸱾ֳ߷Ѳ˸ϵ߷һֱڹ治֣ˣֻ˽ܵˣ֡ôõĻᣬôأ˷ѽ⡣
֮˺򣬿˽ʲôأеĶ˵˽ܸˣĺ̨ϰҲһܹ㶨ݵȨȫץ˺
һϸ˼һ˽ܺĿԲ󣬵쳣ίΪʲôһ֣˾úǷѽˡһо˺һԺ󣬻һǾ˷ʱˡ
绰Ф˹ȥѳίϵ飬ϸһ˵ĵ˵˳
Ф˵ϾȥϴǴ̽һ£ô£Ҿ㵣ĵ飬Ӧò̫ܡϴ뿪ʱѾʮˣһæȥίˣҪҲûǸʱѽô飬Բͨ绰ȥ˵ġ
һµ绰Ժ󣬾ФĻӦеȥǴԼҲ£Ҳκ⣬վȥʳóԷ
ӵʱФ˵绰˵׼һ¡һһ£ʱҪˣ칫ֿǸеڣټФǾ帺µģ˾һлһ˵ɣԷȥζݰɣ㷽𣿡
ҳԷȻ㣬룬췽㡣ФЦ˵
һ󣬿ĵЦѽ֪ԡ˵Ժ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰ФĻУͬ˽ܵһ뷨֮ЭϢһ֮ǰһɨգ뵽ίκ͵ѣɵһҡʱ򣬽ϵ⻰һûڱĪĹٳϸˡ
һͨκ͵ĵ绰ʾ˸лѻõϢֻû˵ϢԴٺõҲ÷ŵ㣬οֻ֮Ǻϵ
κһĻҲܿģͬʱͷҲӿһĸоСӵϢͨһ£ֵĻһ龰κ;е㲻ĸо
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һζݵʱФѾˣǺŵı졣һФվһܱŵıһ߿һ㶣ղСӻԼ˵һУ벻͸гĹϵȻôãܻ𳵡
ԺһФ˵ղֺСϰ˵ʲôˣٻ֪Ķ䡣
û£ЦѣΪǧۡ˳ѽФ˵ʶתſڣ浣ٻƵġ
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˵Ц֮ʣԹϲˣФæվ䡣˭֪˼Ҹ飬˵Ǹгϲ˵ģʲô£һ۵һЦ˳Фһε
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ФĻĲʵʤ۱磬˼οڣû˵
ȵԵʣûкͰ׾ƣһ˸ǰһơƣ׼úýһˡФ֪Ȱ׵ģһĶ֣Ըղ͹һơˡ
˸ԺһѾƱŵһߣ˵һٺȣȰ˵ҪȻƿɺȲȥ
ФҲѾƱŵһߣǰŲŲС˵ҹȥʱϴͿżɽңİɡ⻰Ժסˣ֪ô˵źãֻʵʵ˵ˡ
һĻҲú֣⻰е㲻Ϲأ˵֪ҲӦ˵ѽĿֻһǲ˽ܺġ
ͨԺһ׷ѾƱ˹Ф˾ٱȻһںȸ˱оơ
㲻˵˵ٺôˣФ߶˱ӱʡһߵƣ߰ղŵ˵˳
ФŴͣ״˺þԺ󣬲ſŵ˵㽫ҪʡĻֱ̫ûˡ
һŭ
ФҲ˵ҪǵʡĻһΪƢ˵ͱһûеٵĺ
һ⻰ԺһЦ˳ÿӼһˮԺ˵ϻ࣬ôƵģǰûⷽǱѽ


ʮ µĽչ
Ф⻰Ժ󣬲ûιȥ֪첻Ƕ֣Ҳ׼ھȥˡɫ˵ϴ˵ˣ糿ȥջ㱨ʱ򣬲ûͷָ飬ֻ˵ƺݴסĸ˽ףʵ֪ףƺͷĴ֪˻治࣬ͷԼ㶼û
Фǿŵӣһĵ˵ǹֵһ˾ԺǴ򽻵һҪģǵ͵ƭ˲ѽ
ФûжͣͶȥһۣ⻰ֱӵˡ
˸һԺФ˵糿ӦգҪΪԶԷҲΪͷָӮʱ䡣˵֤ǻгǰ״
һԵ̾һ䣺ϵѽ
رǸո־ʱܾհǰ˺ģɴࡣʱԼǿЦûٳǳأȻҲ׳־Ҫɳһóеţ»˼
ڹٳʱԽԽЩϺǵļıֶΣе̾ΪֹĸоһȴĵģԼ࣬еʱ䣬עͬ־ѧϰһ죬ܰĵɳ̲ϡ
̸Ժ˽뵽ʽƴƵĻڣźţ˶һյʱ˳ڴŵơƵ龰ʱȻ޹ְҲʱĿ֣ڿӵ˺ܶණһƣһγҲʧȥ˺ܶࡣ
һ״̬ѣƿԺѾͷˡȥһϴּԺ󣬻ǲУФϢԺȷʵܿģһƿ
Ҳ֪ȵڼƿʱһˣˮ԰Сŷٵ飬һԶ˵˳ѹ̫ˣδκһФΨһ˵ѡˡ
Фһ㶣һ˵ŷӦòѽûпѽ
ûпҺ飬Ӧ֪ɣͬǺüʱ⣬һûпһµ
Фԣ϶Ƿ꣬ҪǱĸȥˣͽ鷳֪һ˲õԭ򣬸ء
˵ЩˣȾƣФҲװƶӣµ
üȻһװ£ǸɴͶȵ㣬ѵüγҲһֽѣͬʱҲ⣬ȥԺһúһٻʼվԼӦ֪ŷٵǿǶĺˣֻϹҲܰˡ
ϣһǳ׵ˣôصļһӡҲûСʱ񾭱̫ˣټŷٵ飬ļ仮һ˺ۡͷָ˳鰸һˣФһȻκι˼ɣȫԼˡ
ҹ֮һ쳣ɿʣ˺ˮȻ죬һֱϲˮˮʱɳϳ̣ʱһޱȵƽڲظʱҪߣԻѹ⻰һû
ܾʹ˷𣿡һʣ˼ԺҲûܸһ𰸡ŷ뿪ʱµǷŻĿ˵ѽһ˺ӡѵԵһжǼٵģһȻҹ˾֮ʣ鷿򿪽ŵĳ룬ڱʼǱǷţȻŴ䡣ֻžһһƬ졣
ԼԺһ䣬һ˲䣬ټȥѾûʲôˣȥľȥɡһֵ̫ʱ򣬾ζµһֿʼˣһжġԺﲻ֪ôģͻȻðһ仰ȻĶģʱǡǶõĹལˮˮտˣͷֱȥ
ӣȻ޷ƽģƺƵһʱΪǲ෹̸Ļ⣬˵жٶС㣬Ȼ棬Ϊֵ֮ǰĶжջ֮ܳɹΪĳȥѧϰˣû˸ͨ籨ˣǡ
һߵˣҲͨ;̽ϢҪ֪ĵȻǸεĶ¾ʹ˽һֻܺǴۣЩǲܸǣֻûеʱ
ϰ˵úģȻȥֻѾ֪¾ʹ˰ݵģֵԶţ֪ǰʱ׼ϮǼˣƺƵһĹϵҪ˵¾͵Ϊֹˣ治ôš

һһ磬ίίίǡֳͳί˽ܵİ칫档Ժ˵ǣиͻҪ㱨һ¡
˽ڼҳ緹ʱ򣬾ͽӵĵ绰˵»㱨ʱһ࣬ԴƺƵԺһֱġ˵ƺƵʲôϵǹֵĸֳ߷ϡֲܵģֵҪò߷ˣζڹ潫ûаӰˣΪһίǾ޷̵顣
ԥ֮ʣıӻؼԺ󣬾ͲǰˣһƺƵ˵仰ܸں浹ùġ˽ܵʱͺ޲óⲻĶ춫⣬ǸԼǻˡ˽ܻûüô£ֻͻȻһг칫ҵĺ롣˻֣Լǻ쵰Сȳȥ
绰ͨԺֲģԴĵ绰Է˼ܼ򵥣쵼ܹģ˭˭ȥܳͷǾŹһˣԲԩһˡذʾ˽Ҫ׵ĻҲûؼȥˡһ˵˼ǡԺ󣬲ŹҶ˵绰漴һ֧̣˼ǰ顣
Դ绰ԼģǴ˼֮Ĳɴȥˣɵͨһ绰˽޷жϡ޼ƿʩ֮ʣͻȻ˶ǴŰнˡ
Ĩǵһѯʹ˽ŪˣĶ⣬ڶԷǷǮǾҵ˺йֵĸֳ߷棬ȥƺƵϰͷͷȥŻһ¶ԷǮҪˡ
Ȼʲô£Ҫǲ鵽߷棬ȻĻгǴȻǳˣӦԼΪ𣬵ڻĹľǡӲ̣֮˵ӵĸôĶһ㲻֪˭أ
˽֪Ҫ벻ǣгͱѸ߷汣סСӾԲľͷġʱٿĳίϣ˽ӲҪƺƵĸԭ
һģֳ绰˵»㱨ʱƺƵ飬˽ʵ벻ϵͳʲôҪ飬ôġ˵ʵʱı־ͺ⣬ڷĲ޵ܲˬҲûоܾĵֻϰԺֱȥİ칫ҡ
ǣƺƵǸӽʱµĽչҾñ㱨ɳԺ˵
˽Ȼϣĵ˵ŶʲôµĽչ˵˵֪«澿ʲôҩѵԸ߷涯֣Ļһ鷳¡
ǣģƺƵϰܣǹֺüȥǼ飬ȵõϢš˵ע۲˽ܵı飬˵ĵơ
Ŷǿɵ´úòһ飬˭ͨ籨ţȥеˣ˽Դǵʵ


ʮһ ֤ؿ
Ҳ㱨ԭ򣬾ƺƵϰ彻ǹֵĸֳ߷ͬ־һһ˵۽˽ܡ
ޣ˽װµ˵µе˼߷ʸĸֳ֮ǰΰ̴󶼸ɹ˲᲻ⱨûк˲˵α
֮䶼ǵϵȥ˵Ǹֻ룬ûκνǼǵ֤αġͣһԺ󣬼˵Ҳβ룬һֱڹػ״̬
˽⻰ԺŷͣԺ˵ѽĿǰֻǶԷһ֮ǣһɲףһҪѽûȡȷ֤֮ǰҾò˲ȡʲôжǶڹϵͳڶԴĿ棬ʱһЩ룬Ҫ֤ؿЩ⣬ǧϸѽ
˽ܵ⻰ӶҪˣ˵˽𣬽߷ءأϾ²ȥܴл̫棬ڿ˽ĵҪס߷ˣͲܹˡ
Ժûк˽ܶ˵ʲôֻվ˵ǣģҲܵĸɲЩ˵ġ˵⻰Ժ󣬲˽ʲôʾ˦Ŷ
˽ܿı֣ﲻһ˸УһֱλǿƵίǸùϵοƺ̫ˡ
ص칫ԺФе˰칫ң˵ѽȥгϵһ£ûʱ䣬ԶٷҲһμӣصٷɡٷƵڹԱߣûоǰװȴһҲضԷǹֵĶд
Ф⻰ԺӦһȥһϵˡ֪ղϴȥίƺǰ̸ò̫ģ׼ˡ
㱨ˣͷһֱƺƵǳյˣǹֵĸֳ߷档ǸָҲѾ¿ڣϴξȥҩƷ۸˵ģ˳ʮǮ˵һֻ첲һȡʵ˭ʱ˵Ҳ֪Էû棬ͨ绰ϵģ˵ڶ֮ǰԷչأѾ鶨˺ϡ
ФҪԺ˻㱨ʾô졣ȴ˵ȵһȣ쵼ʾФȻ⣬浣ĶԷǱߴʲôЭ飬Ļ²ȥɾѰˣڿӦûҪˡ
һӵФĵ绰Ժ󣬺ǿġ֮ǰФѾϵˣ˶ͬĵģڵ֪Էе˼ˡһشһ°ͻȥФһҶ˵绰Ȼȥˡ
һµ绰Ժ̾һоҪ飬̫ˡµ˵Ȼָ֪ϳˣָʹȥϮˣûĵͷ治ò֣Ͼ˼ҹϵͳ飬ȥ˵ĵģô£˵˭أ
֪һȥίԺһǵģпܺ˽ܴĳЭ鼫пܾͻᱻĨԸ⿴Ľ޿κΣĻͺбҪȥκһ£ȻȷжƻڿҪô鷳ˣһǺ˽̸ˣǿҪúᣬȡһٸ㶨
һٷƵ꣬˵Ժƽƽǻϰ׵ĴͳɲܶһФƷɵ˵ĸǰʼһ֮ǽҲĵ⼸ϼһʶһҪԭſ̤ʵ꣬˭Ըúýء
һſڵʱѾФվǵˡæǰԷһܱ·ʱδһ㣬ФءԷȻվſڵȣϣΪֵۣĽɲ˿ţӭһףûг
ФһĶߣС˵ʲôɻ˿ŰɣҿеӦ
Ϊźһ׾ѽֻΪ£ǲϴ㵽ӭҵģһͬʵ
Ф̾һǲУҺĲ治һĴ󣬸ղϴʱһ˵ûҪǶֵˡ벻һ۾ͿеãǻȻӣ˱˵Ф˵⻰ʱ֮ɫ̧ͷһۣ·ܴҳƵġ
һûԹԵȥӭСһԺЦݣǸղſۿֵĸֳ˺һᣬ벻Ҫȵλࡣһ΢Ц˵ллֱȥ
ȵѽΪ쵼˾˲ѽûУФ׷ߴ
ӭС⻰Ժŵһͷֳ쵼Ǹʲôؼô֪࣬ǲŮˣ뵽Ժ˵϶¶һĨߺ죬һԺ󣬲˼صͷ·ԷԼһ㡣
һФڰһᣬ˽ФԸԱ߲ˣ˭Ҫֵ˵Ĳ٣һ˭к¶ʱ򴫳ȥ鷳
ԱĻæ˵ͷФʶģղſ˳ƺһΪгҵѽôȻгԱеŲĸоȻΪ£̫ϲˡ
˵ͷԵȤƣ㵽ֹ֣żӣһФ򲻺̫һСʱͳԽˣ˵е飬ȻȥˡһФȻû˼Фϳ»ص˰䡣
Ժ˸󱭣ֲ۲ȵһܡһԺһݹһ֧ȥʵ׼Ķ֣ղϴ˵飬ȥ㶨飬㸺𡣡
֪ءФ̣һ˵ģָĻţΪûбҪԷţĻȫһֲ˵֪ԼСˣԲ˵ȡ
һ˵˵ͷֵĴָָ̣ʳָ̻ңȻ˵ǵĶֲѽ׶¶棬һ˻ûʶҵиоǲǾߣϤģҪȻء
Фһ£˵⻰ҲֵҲųŪĿܣ෸ӶСءǶɣЩ֮ǰ·ʲôģˡ
һҲ˵ͷʵǸôأе޲ߵĸоڰеˣ˸һ˿ƾֵϣ
Фһ˵ʱҺԼ̴Ĵӳ룬һһ¡ܶԷ˭һԿ϶ǳֵҩƷ۸ȥġ˵ԷһҽҩҵйϵǾüʱӦٸ㶯һĻе˾סˡ
һæ˵ð죬ھһֳɵĻᣬֻһֱʱδ죬Բûж漴ҽҩƷ㣬ȴԴҩФ
ФȻѹֶԷ֣ԭôһ棬Ǿͽץס׷ȥֻаˮˣǲл֡Фһھƣ˵ʱҪ棬ָпϵĴѾˣǴݳĳũлġ죬Ҿͺݵľϵеļ¼ҵˣͿ˳ϣȥˡ


ʮ ܲ
һ޵һ⣬ֵġ˫£һܰ²ˮʯ˵꣬Ф֣ФҲֻֽһ𣬾þûɿ
ڶһ磬һյ칫ңʹ˸绰Զţһİ칫ҡԶļˣæ˵͹ƺƵ鶼ˣӦʹǵһᣬһһûд绰ȥе㰴಻סˡ
Զŵ˰칫ԺӻûȲʵϰ壬ǲǸжˣֵʱɶ˾͵һˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵һۣʵжʲôһ¸ȥҽѽ
Զע⵽һһƬûڲѡôôͲ֪ԣ쵼ҪȥĥҪģǰ쵼ķԸȥִоˡԽ䣬͵ʱĽģֻӱֳĲҵԺͷһϴļơ
һ״ŭ˼֣Ա̬ʱ򲻸õˮĻǵҽԺһἱĻⲻڸ࣬˵Ա
Զһı£ֻú쬵ģλƽʱȥɫż¶ݵʱ治С˽ӣԶŵ˵ϰ壬Ҵˣá
һʮһ˴СģҲеĲ̣ǳ˵Զţ֮䲻ڵǸ⣬ʲôƣҲ֪çײȥܰ𣿡
Զ⻰ԺһĿģóϷ˵ϰ壬ǶԲȥҹһ
Ҳûôšһһ˶ȣ˵ǵ飬Ҷ÷ǳǱ˲⣬ӦΪʲôһֱǵȻᡣȥҽζʲôӦͬʲôûм鵽ζʲôûУ
Զʱһԭѽȥҽ飬鲻ãƨ·ô򵥡ҽԺվͲʡ͵ĵƣһͲŹԼʲôӦֱе㲻ˡˣ飬һֱ֧ǹĳгһ޷ʰľ档
еϵԺԶ˵ϰ壬ղȷʵҴˣ¹ϵشǲõġһתÿһͬ־Эһ°ʵˡ
һ⻰ԺɫԶ˵˵Ҿͷˣ¹ϵشǶҪ¡ɣһϰԺżֱȥҽ֮ǰҪκй¶ϢԺҪȥ
ԶڷķչȷʵϣһԴȷʵǳأȶҪ֪ͨղԺ黹ƣڻˣԷôҪ齻Լȥ죬˵Σ˵ղŵôֻǰ֮֮аˡ˵쵼ģ֤񡣡
һһԺ󣬶Զ˵ʱĻҵԶٷŮҲϣܶж
Զ⻰Ժһ㶣룬ѧôܶǵҽаأ⻰ȻɵʳȻϰˣȻĵѧҲϤϾ֪еĵˡһûʲôҪˣվ˵ϰ壬յҶˣģ֤ҪûʲôĻҾȳȥˡ
һ״΢΢˵ͷȻԵһļԶŹ˳ȥϵļôмЧģ֮ǰûôС
ͨԶŵ飬һΪʲô˵쵼ҪץһǴһǺܲмֵ֮ԶԶŽкݺݵô򣬾£һʱ˶ԷĵƺƵԺ󣬶ҽļͲˣֿɲǳصģǴЩµУӦ뵽Уڱȵ˭Ķ졣
źһԺһִʱ棬ֻʹľղԶҪС£ԼγҲҪһչȭŵ뷨ʱһֱΪ鱼æµۿҪ˶þͼ˵ûмڴȫƭ˵ģԽǵֹؼʱ̣ԽҪƵסԼĻֻӭһͿصĽ
һߴߴʧˣ֪ԶһѾѧͨˣĻѧһ㱨ġͷû꣬Ѿƿˣѧ˽ΪһıˮȻС˵ϰ壬ղֳߵʱ˵ҪҺСһҲӦ˵ϰ˼
һЦ˵ȷʵҵ˼ҪһЩҽŮѲ湤ˣʲôģһѧλŮһӡҲûУҪǸղԷ˵С죬ʲô֪ûӡѧ˵Ůѵ档
ϰ壬쵤ֻǲ֪ܷæֻҪ˽һûκ⡣һæ˵
˵ܿ϶ȷһЦʵ
ѧ֪ϰںЦҲŵ˵ϰ壬ҺõҲôʱˣлеġ
һһЦ벻ѧҲ컬һ棬Ц˵棬ɱñӣɩǿǸˣǰֻбտڽԵķݡ
ѧ⻰ԺһӲ֪ôڣղǾ仰ȫƨģ벻ϰȻһڻ治֪ô˵ǡΪ֮ʣͻȻһֻһֻһЦŶѧ˵㿴˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ǲ߶
ѧһϰδ޵ĵ绰æת˳ȥšԺѧһԺϰƨʱ򻭻ɷȮҪе绰ˣ治֪ճء
绰ͨԺ洫ĵһ仰ǡװģ֪Ķأһһ;û£ؼǵһ֣ȥǲ鷿顣ҪǰһȥʱܿǣĻ治֪ճء
װģǲǵ˺ˣ׼ȥǲ鷿ϰʱ䣬Ϲڰ칫ͷɣҪʧˡһΪ
ԣΪʱЩ߰飬ϴֻͻѣɻȥˣҲ׼ƽˡ֣ȵ˵ҽ绰ĿǸ㣬ʱ򣬽ȥݲɷãҪʱĻܻӼһ㡣
һЦ˵ʱôȣôæҪûʱĻôҿ
⻰û˵꣬绰ͷѾŭˣһУһļһˡ
һ󣬿һЦȻ˵жʱûˣôôòСеģϱ˵Ļͷ
֣⻰Ժ󣬲ûñȥŵ绰˵ã㱾С㲻ԣ˵ѽ˵ʲô
С㣿һһ˵Сҧúءؼǵõ˳ʶʱ򣬿ΪƺֹЦܳһʱ䶼ԷЦᣬȻҪ̸
֣⻰Ժ󣬼Ҫˣŵ绰һ󻵵л˵ƨţҪȻҾ̵绰ˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬹˴Լʮӣĵ˵Ҹղŵ˼ûʱĻҾȥݿ㡣ǣʲôʱôԼܵ˰ѻ˵ꡣ
֣⻰Ժ󣬱Ӷˣŵ绰޺޵˵һݣȵԺһҪĺÿ˵꣬۵һҶ˵绰


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һֻץĵҡҡͷȻŽϡշ»ӣֻͻȻཱུһ죬жŽһһֻʾŷˣţŵǡһͷһͷó
һҡҡͷһ£ظ˹ȥǹϲˣ㽫Ϊһͷϱˣ¸£˾ͿʼһŴսֱٽʱⳡս
磬һǳæµȥݷһȥο˼ˡ˵ʵۿҪ̵ˣﻹûʲôסһҽĲֿ棬ûоٱ˵ЩҩƷճأĿǰԶǻõϢʱҽȷʵ˺öµҩƷ˵֮ǰҩƷǲǶ۳ȥˣڻ治ö֪
Ҳͼӽҩ⣬˼ζûгɹҪҩıԱɴϢʾԱҽԺյԶݡΪݾߣۣǷ׷
ʱһûѧţȥҽ˵ǸŰ٣ȥŮϰࡣѧ㲻ϰŵ⣬Ϊ鲻ûϵֻҪȥִоͿˡ
ԼŮѳ緹Ժȥһ죬ʱˣһİ칫ȥ쵤״ļˣȫڶΪ٣ڶԷȻʱϰܸ࣬жŹ֡
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ѧ֪ԼϰͳȼնԸҲпвС⣬⻰ȴܶ쵤˵һ£˵´ΰɣĳϣҲö˵ʲô
쵤һŮӣȻѵĻʲôɣǳ˵ͷ˵Ļ䣬ϴƵĸ߸Ьô쵤ѧҡҡ֣˼ȻˡѧҲŵ˵ͷס͡쵤۵һ£ЦæҲѧѧӣס͡
ŲԶɽԶճʧˣŷʱ칫ҵ˽ţ糿ģڲŸϻѧ쵤ǴкԺ»صǵǸ
ʲôһͻȻָ쵤칫ϵֽʵ
ףҲ֪ѽʱûУҿӵġ쵤Ҳú档
ѧϵֻɫŷ⣬ûзڣŷҲûκּѧȥԺ󣬴һż㣬չԺ󣬷ֻһ֡ҩè塣ѧѸٰż·ŻصŷȻѸ´
쵤֮ɫʵѧдʲô
ѧס˶ԷС֣˵û£Ӧдҵģɣһȥһˣ¶ϰܻҪİɣû£˼ڰǡ
쵤⻰Ժ˵ͷȻ֪ѻе˼ŶԷһƭġ쵤Ѫ͵¥£ͬ칫ҵСûȡЦ궼ŷˡ
ѧصԺ󣬼ϰ岢ڰ칫ңæһ绰ȥһ˵أֱӹ
ѧæһֱֶȥԺ󣬼һԶŵİ칫棬ǰղҽ˵һ飬ǷͳϡһؿһϵԼŤŤģ˵ĸоӦдġһԺ󣬰ŵݸԶšԶϸоһԺִ·ϡ
Ӧúϴδ绰ǵͬһˣӦ˽ģҲ˵ǵļ飬Ӧûջ񡣡һ˵˼ҶǵĲѽҪȻͲдżˡ
Զźѧ󶼵˵ͷ˿Ժ󣬶˵д̫˵㣬Сѧ磬ϰһдġ˻ǲ򵥣ϸڶ뵽ˣƽʱһһС΢ˡ֮ӦòֿܣһǺгУЩо
һһԺ󣬶ѧ˵ѧѽҽԺ°ʱºһȥŮѣȻԶһϸһ£춼Щ˽˰칫ң˭пдŵˡ
Զæ˵ͷҲҵ˵Ļ˽ҽҩо޴İ
ѧһԺȴеִٲһ˵ϰ壬ҪڸȥˣԼȥͿˡϰĻܳȴҾôӦһϰֻ˵˾Լȴ棬ǲе̫֪ˡ
һЦЦ˵¿ȥҽҪΪ˸дŵһģ˳Сռˡ˵ָָϵǷš
ŷӦԭϰĴ㣬ԼΪѵһθĴˡ뵽Ժ¶ĵ΢Ц
һ°źԺ󣬾վĴ칫ȥԶźѧҲæվںǰȥ
°Ժһͽصίикü룬岻ȴˡϢһԺ¥СʦݣþûˣͻȻг뷨Ǳֱӹˡ֮ԲȥƵΪº˾ԺͷԲΪһصԺ󣬻ðúһء
һԺֱӻᣬپûһԺ˰칫ǰ˼ڸֽддעʵʮּУΪڵԶŻѧĵ绰ڴѧŮܻ羿˭Ǹֽ
˰˵ңһֻѧڵ绰˵ղŮѵϸ䣬дŵ˺пҽ칫ҵΡΪҩһ˽ⲻģЩ˵Уֻпܻȡǵ
һһȻѧ˵ѧѵ绰ԶţҺ˵
ѧֻݸԶţԶŹ˵һϰ壬ʲôԸѧվ쵤֣˳˰šŮľ֮ɫѧ§ڻ˵װģģû£
쵤С˵ѧгô࣬ùһٲףҲ֪һüĿ
Ǻǣģû£ϰȻ࣬ءѧο糿ţ˼һ۾Ϳдģ㿴𣿡
쵤⻰Ժ󣬽˵ҪǿҲгˣ
ͬЦ
һڵ绰ﶣԶţһȥҽ֮ǰȺ칫ϵһ£̽̽Ŀڷ硣һбҪĻֱӸȥġ
Զæ˵֪ˡʱ׹ΪʲôϰѧŮѳԷԭ
ڵ绰ְһۣԶŽǲȰյҽǵжһһԺ󣬻Ƿ飬еɽ̫׾ˣԱ˵ֻҪҩȷʵѹŴҩƷôҪ˵ǣǳȼȥˣҲûã˭ҲܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
Զ˵֪ˡ˵绰ԺһǵѽȥʱһҪע⣬ոǰ¶ӡĻ湼ϰΣҲԼͼڱԺԶźѧ쵤˸к˾һ뿪˷ꡣ


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һһԺ󣬻ǲģ绰ѧĵ绰ҲżȥҲڼˣĴ£ȥһ£Ҳûʲô⡣һİţǾԶſе㣬ҲɡעһƽӣһҪȵʮСʱԺ֪żҲ޼¡
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û˯ã賿ʱһ˯ȥˡǱһֻѵģΪһ֪ǣ˴˵绰ֻæ˽
绰ԶŴģһȥҽǸ칫εļҡһԷǸ绰ǷŶǳ֣֮ͬʱ˵ҽҩҩٻµĿʱ䲻֪յõʲôϢ׼֣֯˳ȥ
һ˵ͷŻǺܺʵģҪڵȶӵĻȥǼ飬ֻ˿ˡһ˵Զţ֪ģͰõķжģֻҪ֤ȷ䣬˭Ҳ·һ쳣ᶨڸԶģҲڸԼġ
Զ󣬴˵쵼ģ֤񡣡
һһû˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰µ㵽Ϊֹɣ˵棬ƣһٶ˥ߣ˵ľ
һʱ𿴿ʱ䣬òߵʮңԶŻһ㣬ѾҪĶȫˣɼʱ򣬿ɲһ硣һԺ󣬾뿪ᣬһȥֱߵ̯ϳ緹ȻⲽȥϰࡣעҪſһɣԱġ
칫ԺѧѾݺ˲裬ȻһļһʾԷ£Ȼָָ칫ǰӡѧ֪ϰлҪ˵ǽ˰ƨɡһʱҲĹעЩϸڣѹ˵飬ûб֪ɣ
ѧ˵ͷ˵Ǿһܲ۵С棬ûʲôˣǻС
һ˵һãȻŶѧ˵ºŮ˵һҪעⱣܣй¶ȥĻ״鷳
ѧһ⻰æվ˵ϰ壬ģؼҵʱѾѹˣҿԱ֤ûκ⡣ƽʱͲһ໰ˣټϡ
һ˵ȥҡҡ֣˵ãĻҾͷˣ·ͬСɣǾϸκ⣬Ҷһ˻ںܵǣˣ¾˵ҲҪˣֱȥֺǻϰɣʲôĻʱϵ
ѧϰĻУ˶Σид˵ϰ壬ģ֪ôˣһĻһһʱ㱨ġ
ãȥɣһ˵ߵͷļѧ״Ծվȥ
һͷļʵʱǸ˼ŵĳóһĸԶŽҽ۵ҩƷļ۸עЩҩƷĽԼܱء֮Ĳۡٲʵҩ滹ôĻôݲϾ͸ˡ
Ѿ¶ˣµĺչΣȼһҪµġȼԲȥ˵ˣһӡ󲢲ʱǾԵģرںصʱ򣬸αװǰΪۼΪʵھۿģҲδʵġ
ԼʮӵʱһֻͻȻཱུһжŽˣһѧģдţһк֮ǰ˽һʮҩƷڲֿ档
һûлظѸٰɾˣȻû˻ֻСʻ괬ĵġ
ֻĻϸʾɾֻͻȻһĺ룬⣬ΪԶŵĺ룬ɾȻǣ绰ľȻǳȼһ¶һ˿Ц⣬룬ڰ಻סҪˣ˵Щʲô
绰ͨԺֻȼ˵г⹤ûˣ˵仰Ժ󣬳ȼûģ׼һԺ˵绰ĿĿȥǸ״ģʵһ̽ΪʱﲢûеףԶһżͻȻȥҽҩ⣬⾿Զŵ⣬һ⡣֮ɲһĴҪˣȻϣҽľǶ֢ҩΪֳȻ̴˵
һͰѳȼ뵽˲εķΧڣļȻԲż㽫һңĵʵ¾ֳ⻰ʲô˼Ϊһ֮Ȼ˵εĻûеܲĺ֪«ʲôҩһŲᣬֱӲذĻ˻ȥ
ȼһԷ⻰ʱеˣղֻ̽ȴڿǻں޲ѡڻĹ쵼ǰӵǼΪģһ¶ڴԽˮǱżһġԺ޲ָ̧ԼͣǾôȥˣʲôء۾һתæ˵г˼ǱͿˣϣ˲С˹һθĻᡣ
һ¶Ц⣬ͣԺ˵¾ֳԺעʲôֻ˵𶯲ӣҪ޷еϵ⸶ӣ֯ϴ򱨸⻰Ͽȥԭ˶ԷʵȴǺݺݵһѡ
ȼ⻰ԺˣղȷʵԼĲԣ˼ҽץס粻ţҲ˵ʲôѻͲõһߣһȥȻ·Żصߣŵ绰װ쳣˵глѣԺһעġи㷴ӳһ£ԶŴż˰ҽҩˣ֯޼ɵ֯ϸҪȻǵĹܴı
Ŷ飿һװܲ˵ûֳ㱨𣿡⻰ȥϸһ£а˼ˣԶſ飬Ϊһ־Ȼ֪ʧְ֮ѽ
ȼ⻰Ժһӻ治֪ηŵ绰һԺ˵г֪ȫԶһ˵㣬Ķֵ˵ķݡ
ȼͬ־һ֮һҪдʶô˵ĻأɣҲҶ˵ˣȥֳһô£˽Ժһ㱨쵼Ҳ֪𡣺þɣȶԷзӦһѾ۵һҶ˵绰
ȼµ绰Ժ󣬴סˣ绰Ŀ̽һԶŲҽǲһġڵ绰ˣ⻹ǺͷǶԷݺݵһ治һơʱƵʱ䶼ûˣİæ¥ȥǱ쵼Ļ㱨أ߱Զźݺݵһͨ
һĵ绰շ£漴Զŵĵ绰һ㱨˾ҽҩҩƷаʮ䣬ڷĺעģЩҩƷѾҩˡһ⻰Ժûж˵ʲôֻһȻŵ绰˵ղų¾ֳ绰ˣڸҽȥ·ϣһһ
Զһʾ֪ˡһûٶ˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰֪һе绰Ծͨʱ䡣绰κͣߵͨ뻹ǷˣֻٵشһṦ˷ͼ


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һеʱ򣬵绰һһȻ˽ܵģǱߵĶҲȻôͰᶯһǴ棬ݵÿܲһ
绰ͨԺ˽ܴʵгǸֵļô£ôͻȻȥҽǶʲôɲģ
һ󣬲ûкͶԷֻ˵ǣҪҲǸ˵ʱ˽һֵ˾ͻʱҺһȥİ칫ң㿴
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еĹؽԺ˽Ц˵һͬ־⣬ίĻ㱨˵꣬۵һֱӰͲ˻ϡ
һЦط˵绰ڵ̨ھٱҩ۵Ļʼ֪˽֮ĳͻɱ⡣ԷȻֱˣȻҲòź
绰һۿ°ʱˣһ˸绰£ȥ÷ƼҶͣ˵һĸ˹ȥԷȻ˵һ䣬ͲҪٹˣֱǵȰɡ
⻰ԺһȥΪһˣѧǶ֪˽ֵ˻ȥҽ֪ϰ˵ǷǳؼӣһֱȫעعעߵĶڽӵ绰Ժ˳ȥ˾һ񣬻ΪʲôأҴҵȥ칫¥ȥҲǷܵİ֮ġ
ֹ˰СʱңѧԶһһİ칫ҡԺԶæ˵ϰ壬˼ˣʱˣ⣬ǲ˼
һɫһ˵Զţ˵ʲôǰҵһôˣ˵һǰѳԷˣߣ÷ƼңǳԷɲܾѽڻǺȾƵʱԺȥݵĺ½ա
Զźѧ⻰ԺֻһȣǱϰ֣벻ȻһػĻ˸жﲻɵöӿһʿΪ֪ĳ嶯
˽ŵʱֻ÷죬ں÷Ƽ滹кзۣίи˾ǿĳͣټΪһĹϵºͺ÷ˡ˼һˣվǰȥӭӡ
÷ӭȥ˵гãжʱûйСˣҿѽ
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÷󣬵мֲ˼æ˵г룬λ쵼롣г費Ҫϵƣ
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г˵ģҿɾ͵ˣǧҪ˶ѽ÷Ц˵죬һеС£ˡ
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ѧصԺԶһ㱨ղȥҽһߡ˵Զǵҩſڵʱո˹Ȼ׼ֹ˽룬һȭһãֻ֮ڶЩӡӶ˼æһץסһֻȥĵ
һŵؿԼ΢΢һЦ˵û£ֻǾŮе̫ˣΪԼǸˡ
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ԶһĻ˵ϰ壬Ҹղ·ϺСһ£֮ǰǵõϢ˵ҽ׼ҩƷתƳȥڿʮа˾źλɵСйϵ
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⻰Ժ󣬶ŵ˵ͷ
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һߵһ˵ֻФʵĶأ͹ȥҲе㱨ء
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ĻҲֲ֣˶֪λФһķСۺУֻλǿƵĳгǰæվФһ꣬װһ뷹˹ȥФ˵ллӹ̻ʵسǶˡ
һԷ֮ʣͰ糿ȥҽҩԼ˵һ顣Ф߾׽ķˣߺ첻˵ջСѽһ漴ְѸղѧ㱨Ĺλɵ˵һ飬ФûпڣڴڵǷ
һ״Ҳͣס˻ͷ׼˵
ӵĹФһ뷹Զͳ̳ɢһȦФͳһϻȻʾһ£æϵĴʾлءФžһΪԼϻԺ󣬶һ˵˼λС϶Խ


ʮ 뷢
һ˵ͷѸղǷƶ˵һ顣Ф˵Уû⣬ǾС·򡣶Ҳм飬Ҫ㡣
ФĻ˻࿴һۣ׼ȥ˵Ф״Ц˵ûǸҪһ쵼ĵɽ쵼ŵùˣóȥңǾûҪرˡ
ĻεЦЦԲһһϰ岢ûʲôŰФһ˵ָṩǲ鵽˸ǼУҪȡǸʱε¼ϣȴ⣬з֪¼ʧˡͺ˷ѽˣһ飬иܿɣǰ˸ɳһѯԺڽԭ˸һǮ뷽跨Ū¼һ̰ģϼλõ¼Ҳ֪¼ãȥ渴һݡ
һŷʵǴӿ𣿻˭
ٺ٣˵ˣǵˣ㻹ֹìأФ˵߶˷ԱĲ裬ζغ˼һȥˡ
һС˵־ӣ޲ȥһשݺݵصһ۹ЧȫޣԷı޶áֻõͷڤ˼룬Ǻͷͷ˶ʶһʼҲղ˵Ǹ
ФҲɪòˣǷ²豭ɤӣһǵðɣһǷԷһˣҵλ˼ҵĳײˣֵ
ФĻһǰֳǸ§ŮӵСѿڶʥФ˵ͷһ״üͷ૵˵ôѽȫѽ˵ҩƷֻǡ
𲻹ֻǵˣĵǶģϴְһ̸ùءФ˵һĹǣСӻû¾жأ׼˼أһ͵ˡ
һ˵ͷֻаĴ磬˴õİ취ʥΨһľǰĻ˵ȡܼϵΪ˵ΥĸֱӺ̸Ϊ˾ڱñ߹ģӦܰǰơ
һ뵽Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻФ˵Ҫһʥڣһǰλɸסһ飬ѾˣҪľڶˡҽҩⱻϢ涼Ѿˣ֪ǲǵõϢҪƨ˵Ļɾ鷳ˡ
Ф˵ǾͿ㶯֣ʱϵԽãõϢ뿪ĿҲԽ󡣡
һվԶźѧ˵ȥλϵȿĶȻԼ˻һûģǲýģǾ˵Ͽ罻°ʱ䣬⵽ʱ鷳ˡ
Զźѧ˵ͷ绰ˡФҲվȥ绰ˣҪץλɣȻٵ˹
һ¥ʱ򣬼÷վ¥ݿڣǼӭһǺһЦ˵жûϰӿˣɾԵˡԿԸоԴгԺ󣬺÷ǰ̬ȽȻͬˣҲѹ֣Ͼݷ˱仯⿪һЦ
гѵùǶ÷ӦġЦ˵ίԺ浽ԷģҲһĹˣ˽ܡǶκȻᵽ·Сġ
һ˵ͷûж˵ʲôֱǰȥٳŵʱ򣬺÷˵гʱʱһˣе˵ܶҪ
һһֱӳţ֪÷Ҫ˵飬һǺŷйصġȻѾ֪˽˼һƬģҲþܾ˵ҲбҪͨһߴŷ١ܶԷʲôѡ񣬵ȥҹҹȴ΢ĹذúбҪ˵ţֻ˫ܡ
÷һӰ૵˵һ䣬Ϊˣ˵Ůһݽ˾ڳմһ㣬š
һϳԶźѧϳˣ˵ѾλϵˣԷ˵ھʹݵ³ʮԺܵ
һóֻФФ˵֪ˣְźãʱҽһ£֪ģ©Ϣ
ԺһֱӻԶźѧȥ֡ҽҩƷڱڲֿ棬Ա˼ڵİ칫˵֮ǰһǹȥԺһҪ߹Чʣʱ䣬ʱԵġ
ص칫Ժһʱȥݷһ¼ίǳˣĹɺѲ˸ϵˡһҲĳܾΪΥ͡ΥɲĲ鴦Ǽίķڹ˵ΪԷһݴѵܾǲɵ˵ҪЩ˳ȼ߷桢գɶ˽ܵˡΪǶһϵҪǰͲÿЩһﵹùء
绰ͨԺһ˵ȥݷһ˵пգҪһˡһæЦžܾˣ֪ǶԷĿġ
һϵһĽԺ󣬳±ʾ˼ĹעʾϾͻȥ˽һһҲ䣬վˡٳ֮ʣЦ˵гͺβĹϵѽֵܹȥϸšĺβȻָίίίǺνܡ
һЦ˵ҲֻǺͺβԹһηѣȻ취쵼ǶæҪʱ䣬һҪİǺǣ
м˵⡢⡣Ȼһ˼νܲǲԣؼҪжĽڹٳϻˣûһǳ˾˼ƾʲô㣬ûʲô顣ҪöԷӦĻȻóε飬ǾõĻᡣЩȻõ˵ֻᣬԴġ
һԳ˵Ǻ⣬Է˵ȥ˽˵ֱȥ飬ѧʿɴˡ˵ί참һĶԣǿɶڵί쵼µģҲ˵ʽĳ֮ǰһҪί˽ͨġ
ҪĶ˽ܵˣҪͷͬĻֻһ취е֤ݶѼһšǸʱҪ˭Ųˣʵ򲻵ѱҪˣֻ̧ܷ֣Ļڳ˵һٺûеˣͿʨӴ󿪿ڣԼҪˡٳ˵׾ǶЭȡʵָ󻯡
Ϊ˷ֹ˽֮ףһڶԷᵽνܵʱ򣬲һڴӦνܣǶһ̽һĶһЩϢ޷ȷϣԽŵһ˳ӦĳЩСʱ򣬾ͻʶصǧҪ֥飬ϡ
Ĺٳ϶Щ˭˭һԹȹ裬֮ģǸעģζĳ߽ĳλ쵼˽СȦӣɷǳҪϢһҪúüãǱ
һص칫ԺֻͻȻФĵ绰
ͨԺ󣬶ԷλѾˣڻعֵ·ϡһܿģ˼ԺФ˵ѽһҪʱֻ㱨ȡҪںʥ̸ĻҾҲӦùȥһ£¿ɵ󲻵áҪǸ߾ֳ֪Сӱ˹ֱ֣ӹҪˣɾͱˡ


ʮ ί
Фһе˼⻰Уֹ߷ȡһ棬һ˼ʥ棬׼ҽ˻˱סˣ¾ûôˡʱʥ֮ԻԸ⿪ڣҪΪﻹл룬Ҫǰˣô¾ֻʣ¹ԹԽķˡ
һЩ鶼׵Ժ󣬲һʱ䣬һֱЩѹţһ˴ĸо㵽ˮʯʱĿǰǲģٺԤĲ࣬ûгʲô쳣Ҫľǵȴˣʱ϶зӦģΪЩϢܵԷǶȻٻжм仹Ҫʱ䣬ôҲ顣
ľһоһݷĵϲλӸгɵΪһˡȻһʼʱײ˺ҩƷ۸鵱һЩеĶͰţȷģ˵жԷҪڶԷҲʹء
͵뵽ɾˣò֣˵Ҫ취ʱںǶ֮һԷǽ֣֣ʱɾ͹˴ʧˡһھȢ֣Ϊ޵ʱ򣬾ģԲ֣ܵκ˺ģԼŮ˶ãʲôгؼұˡͻȻͷһת͵ŷٵ뿪γһȷѡʱΪİȫע˵ܿһҲģΪ⣬ѧδ֮йϵ͸˵ˡ
һε绰˵֣ݲɷýԺҪֱӻӦ죬ʼʱ֣ôҲϴӦһûа취ֻð֣˵ҪǼֹʹ绰˼ˡһ֪δźһеϰ֣Ҳɱˡ
֣ΣֻͬˣģһӦڽǰӦһܣһ󵱼ӦֻҪʱ䲻˵Ժһܣһ£ԥشӦ
糿һ칫Ժ󣬸տһļ绰һǲĵ绰Էٿίᣬ˵ר۸ɲ⡣һ˵֪ˣȻֺͲ䣬򲻶Ȧӣڵ绰ֱ˵ʱῪ˵ġһǸж˵лллл
֮ǰһֱûкͲײϵȻ֪һҪϳί۵ģͬʱҲ֪һЩ㶨ģϾǼ֮䣬Ϊͷġһ飬֮ǰѾˣǾǺͼίǳϵڻ֧֡
Եһİ칫ң飬һȻûǫ飬ĹͣǲġͬʱʥѾ¿ˣĻƺҩ۵һǸˣֻһΣһ谵İ棬ûпԷӡ
óƬϣܿ϶˵ǣ˵ҲеĹɶ֮һֻʲô¶ǸǸġ˵Ժͣһ£˵ѶĹУиԱë꣬СİĳλҪ쵼ӵƬһƬУʾƬʱǻֶ˵мƣǲȷϡ
һȻ׶ԷĻ˼ĳλҪ쵼Ȼָ죬Ҳ˵Ǹ˼пܾĹʥʲô¶ǸģҲ֮Ĺϵ
һ̧ͷ׼ڣѾЦ˵ˣǶѾ˸ˣ϶ܲˣʱûжҪԭΪ˳ϡǸôĶһһӪҪҵǸطõ򵼣˵ǻܵǸء
һЦЦûпڡ䣬վˣĥĥӣһ֪лûʳأǵ˵ҹƳǱߺܿͻϢˣʱһἰʱͨġ
Ц˵һѽǵĳɳǾһඣа˵꣬һκαʾתȥˡ
һȻⷬȥֻһ˵ѣҲֻܶһʱпѡ
ĵ绰չҶһᣬһĵ绰ٴһίίĵ绰һһֱڵĵ绰ˡ
ڵ绰˵úܼ򵥣֮ǰᵽ˿϶ûϷˣв֤ݱǣ߼ͬ־һֱںͺνϵ֮ǰϵϣʡ￪ȥģظϣȥİ칫̸ذʱŴ绰һԭһ˵
һûпڣ˵ʵʱ治֪ôڡĻ˼漰йܸɲҪֱνܻ㱨ģֻںһˡºǶûаëǮĹϵֻʣ˽Ψһѡˡ
һȻԤУԤгΪʵʱм꣬Ͼ˭ίǶһ׵飬ķܶһͽΪӰô˸оء
һ͵翪ί飬˵ǣղͬ־֪ͨ翪ίأǡ
֪ҸղѾˣ˵мίʱٿ顣е㲻˼˵
һ֪ʱȻҪ˽ܱˣԳ˵ǣлΣʲôҪҰæģֻܿڣֻҪģһ
ǺǣãҪһϵ˵⻰Ժ󣬳͹Ҷ˵绰ºеίɲķ񣬹ϡɴࡣ
ʮʱһίȥ¥ݵʱ͸оǶĺ棬ΪԷ磬Ͼ˽ܵԺߡ˭֪Ͳô£߳С¥ʱȻûˡѧϰתͷǰһС˵гһ¥İ칫ҡ
һһǰȥɻ󣬰˵ǶӦıѽѵ֪Լڵɹ˾飬Ҳǰ죬ƻ绰˵ܱ˺ļУûв鵽ɹ˾ĴκҲ˵ʡеڼж˽⣬Ҳûκջ
ʱæߵ飬һҲûжʣ׼Ժ˵֮ǰĻǲǴˣҲɼžͶʵһͨͨҵûκεͼ
һ·ϣһҲûȻۿҪҵˣæһὫһǹսڵھԲٷˡʱ·ǳеһ仰˵Ļڲȡж֮ǰһҪҪìܺʹҪìܡ
ԺһֺһλÿǶ˵Ҳ֣˭Ҳûй涨ίǽҵʱ䣬Ǵҵıȴͬúõֻһ׼ȷ󣬴ûгֹڳгǰ浽гίǺŵ顣ͨСϸڣǲѿĵĹٳɭϣλá˳ʱȶһ׹̶ĳʽ˭ҲȥԽ׳ذ벽
һӣͳ׼ɢһȦκͺǶ˵Ц˽˴۾˽ܾǺ棬ǰżһĻҡһһ㶣漴ָɢ̣˳ƺһһ˸кע⵽ϵı飬κģ˵ı鶼ԣ˽ܣ˵һƬһҲΪ
һע⵽˽ӵʱ򣬿Ͽ˿˵ĸоƺе㲻ظ˼Ǹ˲ӣӣڳһ׼̬
ĶԺҲԾͣϵĶһֵκʱǱģֻӡ


ʮ ֪ΪΪ֮
˽ܿ˵ıԺص˵ͷϵɫҲתһ˿ЦԺ󣬶˵λǲ˼ѴҪеʹ죬ŴҲ˵һЩ飬˺ʹǣǶܵ쵼ɲ˭ҲԸ⿴ĽȻˣܵýѴĿģȺȺһ£Ǹô졣
ĶԽʱίⶼѾ֪˽ֱȥˣҶͷ˭ҲԸ⣬ʱ˵ʲôϾû״Ҳ˽˵뷨ʱȻûԸͷ
˽ܼ״˵±ɼίҽܵģʱ£ȥݿˣ԰˺ͬ־㱨飬úͬ־䣬Ȼǳ˵ġ
ȥһᣬֻίǡ־ֳɸ˽ŵʱ˵һ䣬λ쵼ãȻĩϸӵǰ
Ĺٳ֣ûλᣬǶһӿţȴҪһӸǶһ٣ȴûΪôʲôףΪǰӵǳȻȥϣӳһţίίίǡ
ԺڵзֵһЩ飬ίίһϸֳͨȼҽԺյ⣬㹻֤ʾںҩƷ۵ĹУ˶ҽҩ۹˾Ļؿۣһ鱨ҩƷĻۣ̌ҩƷгۼ۸񡣺мίίϼί˻㱨ԺѾʵ˫档
ĻֻһȻҽ飬Ҷ֪ģ벻̶̵ʱ䣬ȼնѾ˫ˡһҲú⣬ȶûеõһ£С
ͬ־ʲôʱ飿˽ʵȻ֪ʱΪίǺܲǡģֲòʣΪ˵ʵ̫ؼˡ
ú⣬ҲǹٳˣشǣڰСʱ֮ǰǴ绰ָʾҽ֮ǰӵ棬ίѾѳȼտסˣڹѾίˡ
˽⻰ԺһȻ豭װģغһע⵽ںȲʱ־΢΢ĲɼϢ⣬˼ֵ֮У仰˵ϢкܴĴ˵ΪʲôôЧһΨһ֪ˣȻûκεĵ֮顣
ʱ˽ܷȻѾˣҪȻղźɿάӣ˵ίϼί˻㱨Ժ󣬲ŶԳºʵе˫棬Ȼʲôʱ飬ⲻǵ͵Ĵ˵һ뵽ʵ֪˽ܴʱĿԣ֪ΪΪ֮
ͬ־˵Ƕ˵˵Ҳã˵Ҳã˽ûȷָʾֻԽ޴ˡ
˽ĻŷӦæ˵ѽͬ־˵ôͣˣ
󣬼˵йֳָ߷⣬λ쵼㱨ҵ˵Ժͣ٣Ȼּ˵ľģյ߷ͬ־й¶ֵжƻ˶Դ˵ĽǽѲС˶ԷĵʱǾƺ󱻶Է˻ЩʱǶԷĻƶϡ
˵ЩԺͲٿˣȻĻ㱨Ѿˡ
ڻ㱨ʱ̬ǽȻͬģȼѾȷˣ߷дίϡõĳƺͿԿ˵ȼյʱõˣ˵߷ʱõȴͬ־ȻҲһֻڹٳϺꡣ
һ˺ɵĻطһ⣬߷ҩ۵ûʲôϵɲܲ㱨˸оˣѵ˵Сλɲ˵Ϊһܾò̫ܣȻ⣬ΨһĽ;ʱûֱ֤֤йϵСӻеͷԵģ֪ҪԣԵʱ򣬻Ϊš
ɵĻ㱨Ժ˽˵Ǿһ¸߷ͬ־⣬ͬ־Ȼرһ£нˣٽ
⻰Ժվ˵һλ쵼ټȻȥԺ߱߰ҲĿֻѾ˺üˣڸղڻ㱨ֻˣٴ˷Ӧͳһǳĵ绰æ˽߼ȥһ߽ӵ绰ȥˡ
ɳԺ󣬻˳ʱĳţ˶֪߷˽ܵĸȴжⳡ⡣˫˶𾿾ôڣܳսʤԷ
¶˽˵ԵΪҪѾˣʧˣΪˣ֮ǰǶ˹ͨһģڿѾˣֻʣ¸߷ˣҲҪ£Ժ˭Ǻ졣
ǶմӦҪ˽һҲ⣬ΪҲǶĵĶɵ˸׳ʱˡ
˽ܱΪֻҪһûа취࿹ģ벻һи׳нֱӰͱ棬һʱšʱ׼ĹؼڣԾٸԷκλˡ
Ϊֹ˽ܶûиô£òƽʱûеôʱ򣬴а˼ƽʱ̫СһˣȹԺһúõغ˵˵֪ίǵĻɲ׾۵ġ
˽ܵ˼ҶʱȻҪվƳĬһΪӦջίڵĵίǻһ˽ģһˣʱ򶼺бҪ˽ܰ
˭֪˾ǣȿڵľȻίϡ˽ܵˣǣ˵ûбҪһʼ˵³һһӻ濴Ķ
ɰѲ豭һţ֪Ļ⣬ֻ˵һõĻ͵˴һ漴˹Ҫ˵ˡ˽ܰĿǶɨȥ¶һ˿ײ΢Ц룬ɽͷǻÿû£ֻͰԭˣǲ֪ߵغ
еĿⶼеԼϵʱ΢ЦΧ˵˵ͷȻ˵ͬ־ǣ˵䣬ֵĸ߷ͬ־ҶʶҵӡУڸֳλҲ˲ͷˣھǸΰɣͬ־ǰɣ
Ļ󣬵˵ͷɵһ˵ȻΪ˽ܰǻģ˵ʵ޷ϡ
ɼ״˵ҺĴһ͸߷ͬ־û̫ĽӴӦöиоɣΰ״ǰȣ˲ٵĸѽȻҲ˵ĳ˵ĹͣǱһϻܵÿ죬ȫͷΰһ飬߷ͬ־˲СĹס˵Ժٴε˵ͷ֮ǰй֮޲·ҪõҵͬƵġ
ʱÿ˶ǳأû˸Ĺ۵㣬Ҳû˱ʾԡ
ɼ󲢲⣬Ҫǰ˵Ļ˵꣬ڱ˽Ӳܣ߷ܱܲҪĵġ
˽̫ɶˣһͰ˰칫棬˵ʲôҪȥа飬ǲҪͬС⻰Ժֻú磬һ쬵ĸоĵϮ˹Ϊ÷ǳΣ޷죬˶ԷԼ⣬Ӧû֪治֪˽ôġ


ʮ עһ
תԷȻĵİ·ϣ˵׼⵱ɽȻĻǾ̸̸ɡ
˽ܼԷ˼Ҳٽ飬ֱӰ뱣³ȼպ͸߷˵˳ʱȻеԷյĶϾֱӹϵֻǱ˶ѣֻдӦٳ֮ʣ˽һ䣬ǱߺҲûʲôʤżȥҲգǶɵĻر
ɺһڲ󣬼˵߷ͬ־οǷһЩҽ֯úõ̸һλʶȡԺҪٷǵһɲѽܾȵĻҪѽ
˵ĳ䵹൱ǺϣԲôģһǳʲôȥģϺԸʱվ˵һղŵⷬ˵ǺȻ˽˵ģԸôվ˵ǹʹء
˵ЩԺץס豭͹˼ˮ·ڿʵòƵģںԺԲʣòվȥˮ
ԺФƷɳ˵Ҳ˵䣬طϵû̫Ĺϵһǲôڵģǽ£е뷨ղ⻰˲һʡ˵Ժ󣬹ͣƵģȴɮ붨סˮĲ豭һ²ؼ߸߹˼
ФƷɼ״˵ղŻǵ˼и߷ͬ־ΪΰףǶµĴӦһ档Ĺ۵Ȼվסŵۣ˵죬ǧǰķ⽨ᶼôģʷ϶мأҵĹ۵Ǿ¡߷ͬ־ж⣬ϲȡʩֻȡµĴĴС˵һ飬Ϊֳֹ֯ܵĹӦҲǷڵ°ɡ
һФƷɵĻ󣬰˴Ĵ硣ФƷɸղŵĻ䲻࣬ȴ˵ûпڿĽֹĹ۵㣬һһ˷һһζЩϺѣмһ֣֪ûУ⻰һû
˽ܰĿɨɣФƷɿֱڴˣ˽ڴķأȻɵıȴ۾ȵϣеĲ豭ŷһϡ䱦Ƶġ˽ܺݺݵصһۣԷ޶ԣﰵһų漴ͷתһߡ
˽ڹ۲ɵʱ򣬶Էγڹ۲ɼ˽ı֮ɫתͷȥ룬Ϊǰ׳ѽи߷˵ûΪ֮ǰӦġѵҪҳಲФƷȥîҲ̫Сˡ뵽Ժϲɵ¶һ˿ʤߵ΢Ц
ФƷɵĻ˵Ժ󣬾һսոո˵꣬Ǳ߲Ϳˣ񷴲˲Ĺ۵ԺײҲ಻סˡһಹŶԷĹ۵㣬ֻһ߷Ҫ¡
һε鵱֮ԳôúٳĻȨ⣬һֱӵĿľҪѸ߷¡ȻҪİ˵е̫صˡ
˵Ժ˽ܿκͣյίڵ˵ʱˡ
κҲ飬Ѳ豭ǰƣ˵ʱ䲻Ը߷ͬ־Ǻ˽⣬Ǹղ˴ҵķԺҲ˵뷨Ͳ׸ˣһھֱʱҲᱣġ
˽⻰Ժɫ͵سһһۣ˶ӶԷ￴˾֮⡣κһȷʵ˫۵㶼Ѿ˳κһԷǲܵģȥĻҲûκ壬絽ҲǼ仰ֱӾֱøɴࡣֱĻȻ޳ɰѸ߷µռ˾ʤĿ϶ǡԹ壬˵úе
κ͵Ļ˽ܺǲˬһֲ֪ôԷĹ۵㣬ڤ˼Բ֮ʣǶˣ˵ҿκǵĻеȻҵĹ۵źܴķ磬Ǿ;ֱǣ㿴ô
˽ܵǵΨһѡ񣬵յĽԶ׼ˣҲֻӲͷƤˣǱҪߵ֯˭ҲͼеȨƹȥʹһ֣ҲС
˽ܺһڲԺ۹ɨһȦȻ˵Ȼλίδֳָ߷ϴڽϴķ磬Ǿ;ֱ˵Ժͣ٣˵ȣͬʱԸ߷ͬ־ȡʩͬ־֡
˵⻰Ժ˽Ⱦ֣աҲط׷׾֣ʮԺǶҲذ־
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ڶһ˵Ƿǳæµġĵڶ죬Сͺ֣÷ȥ˷ʳǡǶǴϯһ֣ӭڴǾϵͳˣҲع⣬ϾĹϵ̫
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֣غȵҺú·˻ˣԼСѽ
֣һСͷæȲǰȥ
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һҲջ񣬶˵Ⱥ֣⻰һû֣ЩͬѧѴŮģټʡʲôڻĹǰأŮԵĴŸˡкüλģؼģһĳЩλˣڸǰֻ˽ˡ
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һ˵ζʲôģĵģ֣ʲôͳʲôΪĿ꣬˲ţĵʡ
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һ˵Ľ䣬漴§һڸԵĶ˵ĻһԺﲻʱһλӱߵ龰ս֣Ŀ飬ʱ⻹ëëһתۼ䣬ȥˣҲճɾˡ
Ĳ׺ɣ;ʵλӺ޹ϵ̫ĳ𡢳䣬սţبŲֻǾʵĺˮḧ̰ⳤǧꡣ
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һܵԺĶŵù˹ѸֳһšԺ󣬲Űһһ֧̣һŨŨ˵Ҿϣֺ˵Ļеε飬ȷʵżһ㣬ûõǶȿ⡣
Ŷ֣󣬽һļϣȻ˵ҲҪ̫ԼˣŶͣҰڹٳһˣе࣬ӦǺġ
ˣ˵³ԺҪ˳ҪʰҵĻǿǷַӵ顣һ̺˵ǳгַֹ֣ҩ۵飬ȻҪֳȼҽ˸ģΪܸгҲӦø쵼ΰɣξôѧʿɾʹˡ
֣⻰Ժ󣬾е޴æʵûѽԺϼ˵ѽҩ۵飬һְģҪĻ飬ݵ᳤ڴȥǵùĿϰհ
Ǻǣ̫ˣһ˵ʲô˵ʵ˵֣ҲδܶΪһҲڹٳˣһ̸ֱųеĵ
ʼ԰ȥʡУѧϰǲ⣬Թ֮飬ڿһôǵʱ뿪Ƿ֮أ˶ʲô뷨ҲǱ޳ĪˡȥôֶΣ


ʮ 
һӵ̵٣֣§Ķ˵Ϲû£ղ˵ģһ࣬ûʲô˵ģؼҪЩȡѵǧٷĻɾͲԭˡ
˵ô£ҲҪӦңһúõġָ֣ɷգ˵ҳһٻ֮ң֪ٳնϴѧʱҾͷģҵɷһǺΡٳ޹صˡԴ֮ҾìܵУʹ¶һ˺֮ǲͬģٺ͹֮Ҳǲͬģ˭ɷؼĲְҵ㰮ˣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺Ǹжͷ֣Ȼ촽ȥӵһ𣬽رݺݵǡλӱһĵϵİ»ȵǳ
˴λӱ߻صҵʱѾʮˣ˯߱Ƚϳ㣬Դʱ˯ȫޡ˻صԺ󣬿ʼϵϷ
ʱ䣬֮ȻҵϣڻԼ˶ôŵÿֻԼҲûеˣȻҲͲҪ˼ʲôˣǵʱ̣֣Ȼʧŵһæס죬˵Сھô죿
ɵѽʮ¥˭üѽٺ٣֣Ц˵
һһ룬Ҳǣôߵ¥ӦûҲܲ˵ض
֣ʱˣһнԺݲʰһԺ󣬾˯˹ȥһ׼˵͵˾ȵĺֻա
Ӵһ裬ʱ˵ˬһ֧Ժⲽ˴ǰشԺƿīɫĸִʱһˬϢʮµӦȻȣҹȴˬ࣬ټʮ¥ϣݸоȻǿҡ
һһԺƵ˳ȥֻǵɫڵƹ£ԵøΪ죬˴Ժ紵ɢˡĿԶǰһĳһ֪ǱΪĸ׺֮һľý
ýһһԶԴѾ޴ӿ֤һԿ϶ǰѾˡ޵ĵһӣȫʮһʡϢҹ쳣İ˸оĴڣһŭ龰ľ
һʱҲǰľýһƽǰʱǸԺջķᣬ̩ɽԺ󣬸ࡣԴ־˵һİԺһһֱĥ⣬Է˵ġʱķâ̫¶ˡʲô˼Ժ󣬾⻰Ҫ˼Ȼһֱһ˷â̫¶ԺȻ⵽Ĵ
ʱκڡۡ˵ľ֣ش֮ѳڰ֮иˣڱط֮⻰ѹ˵̬쾡¡
Ժ󣬵һҪһ鷳һг죬Ҳ֮У˵ǰһ͡ӵʱҪûһ㶯Ҳƺе̫˵ȥˡ
ʱ˰ȥʡУѧϰҲʹ˵УѧϰԺô죬ѾǰԺˣʱ˵ʱĻɡʵڲеĻֻҪӸɣӦҲʹʲô룬ȻͲĹˡ
ͨ㣬һԹ˻һŸж֮ģĻŻȻԼȷʵԶء˵ôߵľ˼ҳˣΪ˵ѣǲѽһĴ
֣˼־ƴǾâ̫¶ĻҪĸһ˼ȣԺӾͲˣ⻰ԴǶ⣬һֱͨϵĻȴĽ֣֮ڶºûֱϵУгҲһˣܱסȥĸطְ㲻ˡǵڶĽȡ˶̬ȣҲ˵Ӧ÷Ա档
һ˵һŻȷʵô£Ķӳô飬Ҫ˵һϵûеĻ²š£Թ˶Ͼôܻʱ;أⲻǳһ֮ǰķȻǴģΪʲôҪİأѵڴ֮ӦûκιϵӦ÷ѽϣ˿˺Ϊһίǣòһ϶ôԽɣ
һøΪĵǣϣ־ƿǻ˵Ϊ飬˶˲ԽءѵҲںԼ뵽Ժһе޴ؿ֣ǲʶ®ɽĿˣָԽ
֣Ůһۣ˵СϹĥʲôأи飬ҽ콻㣬ҲһҼסˣκʱ򣬶Ҫ¬ҵˡǲ֪¬үǸˣǿǽ̿дŵģһ޲׼ңֻҪôţ¬Ҿεˡ
һĻ󣬰һզ࣬Ϻ̫ˣԼʲô֪п治һ뵽Ժ͵ؾãϺƺе㲻̫ԼԼһʣǶٳǻ۵ƫ壬һ룬ҲȻˡ
һתæ˵֣ˣûô룬ֻǾղŵķȻеһĻϰ˵Ǿ仰ָνأ


ʮ ϸܵĺ
Ҫ⣬Ҫϴ˿ɲ򵥣ʡдɽģɣҲ㶵Ȧˣֱ˵ɣʡίǳԪˡ֣Ȼʧȥһȥ˼ģֱ˵Ҳпɽˣ𣬾ͺ־ܲɷֵĹϵټȢҵŮȻ͸ڻˡǵͻȻһرڵļһΪͷ۵ǣһﲻⲻԼˣһֱΪҲġҪίǣôأ
һ˼һԺ˵ֻһ취ͳȥ
ԣ֣Ц˵˰ɣʵ־Ѿˣ˵Ƕ˲ԽǺǣɵСû
һŻȻԭϰ˵˶һԽȻ˼Ҫǽ͵ĻǴԴҲ벻˼һʱͷпѣ˳ɳ˴ҩ۵飬ͦ⣬ڿԼڹٳˮƽҲͲСѧ꼶ѣܹɹǲԭ
֣󣬵˵ͷ˵˲ţ˼Ϊ˷ֹʲô뷨˺񡣶ˣǺӦþһŷɣæͷϵ飬һҪľҰŷ˻ȥĻ˼Ҳ˵㲻Ҫ˵ϹͷûʶˣҿɶǸˡ
һĻڵ֣ܲ³ǺǺܾģԷǷȴԺôͲˡ
֣״ҡҡͷ˵Сӻίǵĺ˼һкźšҲеˣһ̬ҲǸ㡢־Լ϶ˡ
һԺ󣬲ų˹ʱѾϸܵĺ顣ﰵ뵽Ҫǽһͣɾʹˡʵһ飬Ҳã־Ҳգ֪һŻȥ£ĻȻȡʽˡ
ϣһǣ֣ô˵ĻٻغݵĻͲˣ
Ǻǣ֣Ц˵ԼΪأ˵ѣ˼Һòװͳˣٻȥ˵Ժ֣ͣӣ˵Ҫ˵㣬־ƶٴȥˡ˼ҵĵҪӲһ飬ţο˼˳
һ󣬲֪˵ǡǡǺϰ壿
⵹ã־Ʋǰߵģܵи˵ɣ˵һҲ˵֣Ц˵ʱ׳־Ʒŵʱ򣬴ҶòףԿôŵˡǿӦһؼУ˵˼ҵĴӪӲһȥ˼ȻҪ뷽跨оǸһҲֵõġ˼ҵʱŻһҪˤ־Ƶ˼㿴⼸꣬ĳɳôѸ٣Сӿɵøںúѧѧ
һ󣬺ղѣ˵ǡ
֣˵ͨ飬ҲܿСϵһ㣬ǻ顣ڻʡʷϣһؼеĳгίǺгһƷڵص飬ûз⣬һҪģⷬȷʵΪϰ˼£ҲΪ͵ĵط٣վĸӪУ̫浱Ϊ񣬶Ϊ֮κʱ򶼲ܶСӣúøɣԺ֮ǰö˼˼μıܹƾһǻѪŻЧڼˡ
һؼǵõʱʱͷϵĺˮڻ۳˺飬ߵ޷գֱ°ͶȥҪ֪ʱ֣鷿ĿյĿʮ˶ȡ
վڴǰƾ紵Ϯһʱ·ܸоȣ¼Ӱ̫ԶˣʹϣıԭеĿһֱΪϰϴĹϵܺãǨĹ켣ܿһߣھһų˲ȡֻ֮һٵͻϳ֮֡£˺˯
ԼںһŬĻǱˣľǰ˳Ҳ¬Ĵ־ơ
һ뵽Ժ󣬹ϴ߻صµһ̡֧ûĴϮ³ĵɫòɢһ˼Ҳһ㣬ͷ﷭ʼԵóһۡ
˼Ժһð־Ƽߣ϶ϣĽ˵뿪һģΪ֮ǰп⣬Ժٻһǽɾ˵ˡ
Ĺѧ˵Ĵ˵⸣У̫мˡ鷢Ժ󣬸ûӮҡѹԼԺҪııʲôıȻ棬棬Ҫܴﵽ˫Ƕ෽Ǿ͸ˡ
ҹ泯ڵľýˮһջĶ࣬˵֮ǰӣҲǸͷˡѹִҶ˵һֲƸڹٳϣˡ
һٴλصʱ֣˯ΣΪ΢Ц
һ磬˾͸ϻʱǳ֣˵ﲻУ˳ˣͺʶ⣬һŲʶдδı档еĴȵ裬һһƷԺ󣬾͸뿪ˡȻе㲻֪룬㶼Щ涼и˵֣ҲͷˡȶӻֱӸˣⲻҪĵ顣
һؼ˵Ժ󣬵Ҳû̫ģЩһ£̫࣬ûЩֻĸװ


ʮ Ϣ
ڼһ죬ڶһ·ˡ֣ûӦ죬һȥȻѾ֪ȥʡУѧϰϾûнӵʽ֪ͨǺٳһԱ
Сһֱһ͵ſڣ֣ᡣõûȡЦǵȰɩӣû£Ҫ˶ãӦˣʱǾͿһˡ
һҲץס裬˵ѽ㿴Сö֪㻹ʲô׵
֣һ˵Ҳ˼һ˵ȥɣû£Ϣˣʱϵ˵ϢˣȻָȥʡίУѧϰ顣
һ󣬵˵ͷȻǸŮ˽ϾʵڲеĻϹȥʰ
֣⻰ԺһЦȻ˵֪ˣҾͰˣҪǸңߣ
˿еŮָą̊́Ųѩ𣬴̨֣Ϳܲ˳ۣûµҲꡣ֣Ļ˵ǼƯһЦЦûе棬̨ŮȥˣѩΪζ֣Ӧ飬ֻ֪ˡ
һ磬һɫͣеίſڣгվԱߣͳ˵ЦҪ˹עܡһԺæǿ·֣Ҳߺ죬æʻϣһţֻصһСٴ˳ȥ
һ״ҡҡͷתȥֽ˻Ժ֣ûлǰˣ˵һ顣֮ǰʱҪǷǸžе˳Բ˵Ů˽Ժǻģ֪⻰١
˴Ժһ·ίиĹԱ˼һԺ޲վһߣʺһг磬һ㣬һг»֣ףӡһһɵͷȻ˵һáε飬Ĳ˵ںһﵽһµĸ߶ȡһ£ίǺг˼ҶܸˣĸУǰһá
һϵ¥¥ݣѾƺиӰ¥ݿڣȥһȻѧѧһԺæ˵ϰãȻֽӹһְĺ칫ȥ
һѧıֻǷǳģȻ֪ԷеϷɣǹٳϵ飬˵ˣǻˡ
˰칫Ժ󣬿ڵĲ豭һѧ˵һ䣬ѧѧ󣬿һһЦҲûж˵ʲô漴ת˰칫ҵš
صԼİ칫ңһṦ򣬾һļһ˵ϰ壬ҪһЩļҿˣΪżٵԭ򣬲ûʲôرġʱ䣬ҾһЩۡѧ˵۾һ֮ǰϰй洫ʲôҪʱ㱨ѧҲһֱģǽϢеܹܲעһı֡
ŶԸ⴫ʲôȥɡһ˵֪ѧ˵ʲôٳûв͸ǽԼȥʡУѧϰϢںСس˵ҲϢˣԹעȻ١
ѧϰһ˵ˣ紫ǸϢģҪȻϰԲô˵뵽ԺѧеȻʧĸоһ棬ȷʵջ࣬Ȼλʦѵϰ徹ȻҪˣȻܲŮѻ⣬ܾò̫ܣǽ죬Ѿ֪˴𰸡
һտļϵĵ绰ͻȻһФ˹˵쵼ѾϰˣйҪ㱨쵼Ӽһ¡Ф뿪Ц˵
Ϊŷٵ飬һʱ䶼ûôʱҲҴҴ˸кٻʱ״ǲ⣬ĵϹô£һô㲻ǵģ
ФͲһ˵㻹˵ǱǺýøģҾ͸㲻ˣλΪʲôҪȥ׹ôԶĵطںݰҲͦõģֻҪ˧棬Ҳƽ¡
ٻʼûô£Фһ˵˹ԭΪŷٵ顣Фһۣ˵㶮ʲôͽа飬˵ҲͶţٲࡣ
Ů˵Щ鰡ģ治ҪǰˣĪФѹ˵
һФĻ˵ʲôҪһ㱨ģ֮Ĺϵһȥ
ѽ͹˵꣬һκαʾФ͹Ҷ˵绰
һµ绰ԺεЦЦ֪ʵФëǮĹϵûУֻܳŶԷһͨҪȻأѵȥٻͺ÷ߺȣ˵ŮԼִҪߣΣ
ʮԺФѾһĶ棬ȻΪǼ飬еⲻȥһ֧Ժ˵ҵĲԣҶԲס㣬ʲôҪɱҪˣʵڲеĻȥ׹ĸ
һãҶˡ
ФҲЦǺǵġһҲ޿κΣֻû⣬ȥûκ塣Фһۣ˵ҵ˵˰ɣ


ʮ ò
Фǣæ˵ôأҰֿʼţ˸绰ǡеǣȻָ־ơ
һһ㶣벻ΪԼ飬ФƷɾȻȥ־ƴ̽Ϣʼ⣬תһ룬Ҳ֮УФƷԼ٣һФĪĹϵФĻ˵ФƷʹ⣬Լˣ˴ıʣȻĵġ
ûʲôѽĸɲûȥУѧϰ˵ӦҲʲô¡һ˵
Фһ㶣˼Ժ˵˵⻰Ȼʱ򣬰ȥѧϰôúǱƵġ˵ҪĻﻹҪȥУôһȦӣﲻǾֳɵĿȱֻҪʱȥˡ
һ뵽ФһʲôġӦòı⣬һФƷģΪФĵУǷܿè治˵һȻܰĵ׵뷨ǷǳҪõֵܣ֣˵Щֻ᲻ԴģȻʾˡФղ˵Ǻ䣬ӦԼ뷨Ҫһʹһؼ棬ҲԲô򵥵顣
һһԺ˵Щ飬Ҳ֪ģҪľǷӶ֡һ˵Ժе㲻̣˱ϾǶֵܣںһ䣬ڵУѧϰԺٻĿӦòˡһ⻰˼ФһⲻˣФƷһܲµġ
̸˵Ժһ˵Ͼһ°ɣһйĻȥҪһһİ䣬Ȼһ
Ф˵ͷȻתŶȥԴԿ鲻ѡԺ˵˫գϹֳλã־׼һһأھȻϢɶǺдġ
һФıԺҲһʧ䡣֮ǰҹҹȻľҩƷ۸棬żҲ³ɹԺҾͿԷſֽŵشһȻ³׸ˣһĿȴʵˡʵȻпᣬȴòȥԡ뵽ԺһϵĲ豭͹һڲˮǸоһ֣ˬ
һ绰ԼһԷ֮ФȥӣȻŴ绰֪ӵĵ绰Ժû˻ܾġЩ˶Ǹģ͵˵ҪȥУѧϰˣ֪Ǻءʱ绰ͻȻһһİŮǺһг
һһ㶣æشǣλ
֯ģβʮ㵽İ칫ң˵ŮӵĻвκθɫʡ
õģһ׼ʱȥллһҲùʽԻش˻ټԺһͷ˵绰ͻȻһķңȻ֪ǵӵ֪ͨʱǺܲһԼĶȥһ㡣ƵǣԴˣ㲻ⲻκε飬Ҫһмӡ뵽ԺһһŻ֮С
ӹ绰Ժһǲã⿴ļûġԺ󣬷ֱ˼绰ϵˣԼһ
ĵʱȥί̫İ칫ңί֯绰ȥһˡ̫Ȼûʲô˵ģнԺһ͸ˡ
Ȼ˫֪֯绰ȥ˭ûпȥἰĹٳ֪ȴԲܰڵ˵¡
ϵٷԵҲǺˬҶ֪һȥФõȷϣԭеһ˿룬ڻӰٷǺȾƣ·𲻰Լ˲Ƶģȼһ߼״ϵѴң÷ԱʮӲΪһξơ
һȻᣬҲһݡŷѾĻİףˣԽԽơһθоɵٺãΣֻҪһֽǵѧϰ֪ͨľӪһжܺ޹ϸָо޷ᡣȻһﻹмСģһ㱻СԱ̶̼ʱ䣬нⷬɼ֣Ļ˵Сеģ෽棬ȱٴҪˤ
һںſˣФһͻصļҡһФʼûиҷſȣ֪һ鲻ãԱȽĶ˿ֵܣڹлģҲ໥ġ
ڶһ磬һֻٵˡʱߵӶ㣬Ӧϰʱʱ䣬ǵúû壬ôأתһ룬Ӧ֣õģ벻СѾͷԺԽԽϸˡ뵽Ժһ¶˾ΥЦݣò˵ʱмҵĸоĺܺá
αʮȥҲûбҪôˣʱѾûȥϰͷҲһʱ̿ʼһ˵ѾΪһʷʻˡҹƾĽԺѾ׻ˡȥУѧϰ˵硣ڴҪˣ˽ܡǶˣһҲҪˡ
һȴѧϰ;˵ֻһССģǰ;ⲢӰ죬һݰһˣȻܿ˵ôɣҲûôĵӣϾһĺŵģԵУѧϰԺ󣬲ĻӦûߣ˵ôţڻö֪


ʮ ̸֯
ڴϺ˼һһˣ˵ҲǷǳؼģҪ׼׼һУϳʱ򣬲Ű˵ңһûͣɣֱݶȥ
֯ſڵʱ򣬸ովŵһ㣬ֱȥ֯αŵİ칫ҡմӵӭһʮˣһͷЦЦȴ޶ãֱӽ˵ݡ
һҡҡͷٳ֯ѽѿһû֯ǹܸɲģطȥһǿɲģô˼Ȼǵүһţö֮ҲĿһеϰߡһȻ˼ƽϣǰǰȥ
˲칫ſڣ׼̧ţֻȴԼˣ漴һʻͬ־˭
һź¶һСˣ֪αŵ飬ڣʲôǵˡΪαŵݰǣһĴһ£һգԵʱͼˡһ΢Ц˵飬ãǺһβ㱨
Ŷԭгãαŵһ֯ɲģǲ飬ϢȻñһҪ죬֪ǰһĲǵģԿһ㣬ûлں쵼ͨ绰㿴ǲǵһȣ˵
һҲע⵽˶ԷеĹеĴ֮һֱ˾һߣҾһɣҲæ˵飬ˣ쵼æҵһӦõġ˵ţһߵɳ
αŵǰһˮ󣬾ͻص˰칫ǰæԼ顣һһҲɳϣĵصȴţȻһ֮бУвٵıֽӲûһᡣһԺڽĵȴһٲˣԴڿʼҪӲڹԱ˵ҲǱزٵһ
Լʮӣǰվİ칫ȥԺ˳һΪܻȥˣ˭֪˰칫ǰæŴļˡһˣҪ̽أ뵽ԺǶӵˣһ˿Цݡ
ôţĿǰϹְҵԵ΢Цǰе㲻˭ҪǱ˾ôţһǰСʱ˭Ҳʮʮֵʱǰһվαŵİ칫ҡϰˮ߽ˮ߰һıα˻㱨
α΢΢һ㶣һ£Ȼ˵ȥɣ̸һ̸
ǰѲ豭£תǰߣαС˵һ䣬ѵѽϧˡǰһӡУûϰĸɲôߵۣϧˡָνأǰߣ˼⡣
һ˵αȥվǰ˵ллˣ˵ͬʱһлǰĳ롣
ǰæ˵гˣ룬룡ǰֶղһȹǱ裬ͽαŵİ칫ҡٻصԼ칫ǰʱóǰ̣һԺַŽ˳
̣ûʲô⣬ǰ֮˷ľٶֻΪĥһˡһ˹αŸʲôģҲǳе飬Ǵȥͨһһȴڽȥ֮ǰġ˵ʲô˵˼ҲǰΪȥͨ籨ŵĳ룬һϵأȻزǰ˵ģǶί֯һء
ǰмָдݹٳһ˵˵һ֮ôܹپӸ˵ȫã־֦ڿ˵ǲ׼ȷġ
һαŵİ칫ֻ˶ʮң飬ʵӾ˵¥αȴʮ̵档Ȱһμӵѵ˽ܣһʡίУĴɲѵ࣬Ϊĳгܲμѵ࣬˲ٹġ
һȻҪ֯ʾһл׼һʾʱαȴסĻͷα˵ҪίĹ̫֯Ĺϵ
һԺеαŵ˼ԷȻһһ˽ģ֪йϵԶȥμѵĿĲܲ˽⣬ԼƲˡ˵ˣȥμѵ࣬ʲô뷨ҲҪҵҵͷ£ֻǴģɲġ
һ󣬸п࣬˵αΪίί֯ûбҪ˵ЩĹٳи˵ϲ٣졣˭֪Ժ˼һᵽʲô߶ȣǰѽĶԺʲôᣬôҲǷδȻɡ
лβĹģһί쵼ڵУúѧϰȡȫλԼõΪ񡣡һ˵Щ׻һҲڻͬʱҲ֪˭ƶԲвί쵼һ˵
αżԷѾԼ˼ˣȻûбҪٶ˵ʲôˣ˵ҪʮѮſǵʵ»ܽԺ׼Ҳú÷һ¡ΪĸɲĻἴѵõúѽǺǣ


ʮ ԽԽ
һЦŵлȻֱվˡԺһܵαŵ⣬νٸһʱ䣬޷Ѹðŵ˺°һ¡ѾܸˣαĸһСšΪһ쵼˭ûһңۿҪƨˣܵΪЩǣαпǴһáһ飬ɽˮ꣬´һҪġ
ݣ˵αõУѧϰ֪ͨ飬һһҪ죬ǾҪ˺͹ȥĺ˻ȥһѣԽôǺбҪġһ֪ʱֻҪ绰ȥ˶ܶġ˵˱Ȼ飬⻰ڹٳҲͬáȻһ绰λ쵼صʱ򣬶Է˵Ҫһʱ䰲ţһص绰ʮӣ˵ĵ绰˹ֱԼĵ㡣ֻʱ䣬ĵ㿪ʼʱ䣬ҲԿһֺ֮ĲǲСġ
һֻڳϣȻŻ𣬹ϵʻ֯ϢĳԺһƺûеطȥݵɵҪҸطͣǲףѰԺ󣬿һС˽ȥȻѳͣ
ȥҲӦȥȻ־ǣϾˣȥке˵ȥӵҲԷ˲С鷳һʱȥǺܲ˵ģݵӦñȺҪӵö࣬ʱȥĻԱ
뵽Ժ޷ȷĲĹȥ绰񿭷ɴһ񿭷һ˼Ժûж˵ʲôֱӰѵ绰ݸ־ơ
־Ƹһе飬ϻӦ꣬һϵʱҸطȲ衣һܿģæӦͬʱҲΪԼľϣеġ֮ǰⷬڿĳɳǺаġ
ʱѾʮһˣڶһ˵ΪеһǳԷݵһ飬͵һ衣֪Լ˼һֱһûôϵ¾ջ
֮ǰü֪ܿͨԷ˵ʵΪȴȥ⵹еһ֮⣬˻ԼԸҪȻԵе̫ˣϾ֮仹ء
ӵһĵ绰ԺԵúǸˣ˵ݣ˵Էһæ˵д⡣󣬿Цһʳϣһ¿ϰ꣬ζڡһԳûʲôֻҪԷϲС˾λԺֱӿȥˣ˵Ҫһᣬû°ʱء
һĵַܿҵǼһ꣬ڵ׺ֵƺĿҵ꿪ҵȻûж೤ʱ䣬ΪϣһжոµġͣóֱſȥӭЦݣ˵ӭ٣һ˵ͷֱ̧ӽ˵
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룡˵ָָһСӡһ̧ۿȥӳԼһ׶Լߡʮףмһ¯һ˵ԼһЩϡ̻ҸʲôģԻ˼ңû̫
һ״뵽˵ݶ⣬ȻʲôûɣֻǳһͷѣҪǱĸ֮ͽȥĻҲûôˡ뵽ԺһСԱ˵ûа𣿡
أֻֻˣǲҪСŮֹ
ǺǣͲҪˡһЦ˵ǲǸʲôѣöǮնǮұ֤˵ġ
СŮһ˵ߺ죬ͬʱҲģҪ֪˿ͳԶ٣ǶзֳɵġϵЦݸˣһ˵Ǻã˵˸Ķ
һ˰Ժ󣬷ʩȻЩƵȣԵñȽϼ򵥣ǿȥܼ࣬һζֻټӣһֻ˳ԷȷʵԵñȽϱŤʱһҲ˲ôˡ
СŮһ˵һǰһЦ˵ʱȵһᣬҶУһ˵ɡСŮ˵ͷѲ˵һԣΪһһ裬˳ȥ
һһ֧Ժ˴ߡԴݸʳԺܾߵˡһʱƵʱ򣬾иоǲǳϮǸƾ޾ݵģֻԼYYˡ
վС¥ϣʳֵæµ۵ףһԺɵǾ䡰վϿ羰羰¥Ͽ㡣װĴӣװ˱˵ΡԺ͵ظоһ˿źΪԶСϣȻܶ࣬ȴڿ羰ڴҴҵĸ·Ǵеʳʵûκпԡ
һΪҪһܹŵ°ʱģʲôɣҲǰ뿪νĻã벻á֮ǣհѵڶ̵֧ϣžͱƿˣһƮ˽
磬ôͻȻˣҲ֪ͨһһ˺һԽ˳迪˵Ժ󣬼һ⣬ޱˣһ˵ĸˡ˵Ϊ£һ滹˵һʮֻΣ޷ش
һ裬жʱûˣƺ΢һ㣬ŵɫȹ˵ĸоְ졣ͻȻԷ۹ɨ˹һæ˹ȥЦ˵ûи㣬㶼ǰ˰Сʱ°࣬Ҫ֪ͨĻҪǰСʱ
һ˵ҪҵĻҽͲȥϰˡ
һһ㶣漴ʶɨ˶Էһۡ
˵⻰Ժ󣬿Ҳ˻˼Ƚæ˵ҵ˼Ǻþûˣ㹤ôæѵʱΪ֮ǰ飬ãκ㣬԰಻ϣҲӦõġ
һ룬ⲻԽԽбĻĵһ仰Ҳûʲô뷨һͣ˼һĵΪǰˣһзͬѰĹϵ


ٰʮ ˼
һϺͶԷȥ˵˵ЩûõˣϿ˰ɣӶ˰ɣ
ûٿڣ˵оһд˺üˡһ̣ʶԷһλŮʿʱѾˣѾ˴ˣʱԵе̬ˡ
󹤷򣬷ԱȰѵ׹ȻǲƷ迴ĳͣĲ˲شõɫ˵ҲЭһСӾȻһơơ
һһۣ˵磬ôȾƣһȥϰʱҪǱ쵼ˣɾ͵Űˡ
û¡ν˵˭Ҫ˸ģѵģôԵôأֻҪơˣٺ٣Ǻõģ᲻ûǮɣ
һ˶Էһۣ֪ǹ⣬ҲͲ׷ˣӹԱݹơƣ˵ֻƿ绹Ҫȥ쵼أܶȡһ˵ָָ߰
⣬ŷԱ˻֣ʾԷȥȻԼһƿơˣСʵôǼ鶨ˣ
һȻ˵ļ飬ǵ˵ͷ
㶨˵Ļȥ֯ҲˣôҪȥίأʵʱԱѾȥˣ˵ȻҪ̫Ĺ˼ɡ
һȻʲôֱ˵ҹȥģ绰Ҫģô˵쵼ǶҲİɣӦõǱʾһлѽ
⻰Ժ󣬾þõûпڡһֹӣ֪һǴĹĸǶ˵һЩʲôЩȴó⡣ʱôһĵʵ
һ㶣漴˵ôϰࡢϢżٵʱȥĸ͹ĸɣ
һۣһ˵ûʵģⷽÿǿˣҲϴСˣڲǵĻϹɾͼ޲ȥˡ˵⻰ʱ˿ЦΪ˱֮Ρ
Ҽ޲޵óȥܡȻԸ̸⣬Ʊ˵磬Ҿ㣬ף»֣˵꣬һκαʾһﲱӣһơƺȥ
һ״æ˵ȣû˺˵ͬʱӣһڸȥ
˱߳Աߺȱģȥ⣬Ƕܿ˸ղŵǸ⡣һ֪Ľ᲻һӾܴ򿪵ģΪֻҪ˲һˣʱ䣬뷨Ӧûı䣬ڿȫôһ¡
һгɱƬ⣬棬Ȼȥ󣬰ֶңѸٰȻ󵹽һĶ죬˲֮еŮ
һе㲻ףҲľܾԷһ⣬еزһЩʲô
¿ӣƺʵȥʡѧϰԺ󣬹ƻ˵⻰ʱ򣬹ͷ۾ҿһ
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һһúǳԾӡУԷһֱһɰСŮʱĿԿСõӰӡ벻Ȼ˵һԵĻıԿиж
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һĲһ£Сĵ˵ô˵أи˵뷨̬ȣҾһݹףǻӦöϧ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪ롣˵ܵҲ֪ɲһ׵顣
ѽ뵽Щŷǳԥ֪ôźáмһ˿꣬ͣһ£˵⻰ֻ˵κ˶ûἰҪΪұܡ
һ˵ͷȻ˵ģһģ


ٰʮһ ٳС
ã˵ЩĵˣǺȾƣף˺ͨƱһһ£˵Ĺ٣Ҫҿ顣˵⻰ʱ͵͵һһۣ⻰ʵָ˵˼ǲĹ٣Ҫҡ
һȻ֪е˼ֻװףĻ˵ģҵ飬ҵĵһ˾ԺôҵȻǵġ
ԲģһҧʵҺµĵλһ˵⻰ʱ˫۽һ㲻ܡ
һ仰ֱģҲµĵλȻǲһģ⻰˵ȥ¶ԷΪĳֳŵֱӻشǵĻҲе̫ˣղŵĻУͿʱ鲻ãʵڲκ˺
˺һᣬ˵µĵλȻһ㻹ҵѽ
˵ǰʱ۾һʱȥܺõ˹ȥװܿĵ˵Ҿ˵ôܰԼӺͱͬȶԴأ
һЦЦûٽĻ硣
˺ʱ䣬û˵ⷽĻ⣬ǿĵġһֱٽϰʱһһٴߴУȥϰˡ
һԺϵʱˣֱӿȥίίſڵʱûֱӽȥǰѳͣһ£Ȼȥƿϡһȷʵˣһղźƿơƣеζѹһѹ
Ȼˡʲôۣ˵ѾҪˣ壬Ǿ֮ǰǼԺһʱԼٳС£ϸڶɰܣһʧ
һԺһʱ䣬ѾʮˣѳίԺӳԺֱ˵İ칫Ҷȥϸоһ㵽쵼İ칫ǰСʱõģȥ̫磬Ե̫Լȥóˣʾ쵼ءЩȥСϸڣʱܹغһ˵ĳɰܣá
һҾͽԼİ칫ң˵һҲ֣˵ϰ£Ҫһᣬ˵վΪһݲ衣һæվ˵ԼԼ
״Ҳûкֱ߻ص˰칫ǰװģóһļһԷ̬Ⱥ䵭Ҳ⣬˵̬ǣΪ飬ȻɫһȵһߣŲ豭غ
ֵʱվ˵İ칫ȥһ˲豭˽ȥ㱨׼һԺˣһһƣ˵гȥ
һվ˵ͷһ䣬ˣȻİ칫ȥԺ󣬿ڵͷļһ˵ǣã漴վھ칫Զĵط
룬ǻĹٳ¼ݼϼľߣȱ˶쵼𾴣ֿڵһʱ쵼ĻЩ쵼˵ԶˣпɾˡٿһĻͼпܿ쵼еļݣȻǺܲʵġ
˶һıֻǺģ˵һˣһᣬҿļ
һûȥǼվһԡ쵼ǺҪĻɾе㲻֪ˣίǣһؼеĸгмľ칵һ㡣
˵ˣίԸһسǸˣĶĻᡣһȻ͸еŵһܰ˵İ칫ǰ
ʮԺ˷еļ·տһһ㣬æ˵һôվ⣬ѽ˵վ
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ԺΧһȥʡѧϰ飬˵ϻҪ˼һһ˵һѵõԼĻᣬΪ˲ٹڶìܣһȥֲܵǰ;֮Ļ˵ȫˡ
Ҫ֮ǰһⷬҲм㣬Ǹʵ뷨ԺһֻŻ֮ˣǱϻòίߣһһرʾл
ƺҲһķܣ뵽ԷѾ֪ôŵʵĿģҲʧȥ˼ȥ
ֳһлԺһվˣ֮ʣѴ͹ȥĺķ˲輸档Ȼǿûпڡ
һ˵İ칫ҳԺֱȥİ칫ҡԺ󣬰Ѹղŵĳظһ飬ûȥԺ˾ֱӽ˽һǾЩ⣬ϾΪίǣȫʸһǰһ˼ӵġ
˽ҲһЩ׻Ӷ࣬һظоֳ̬ȣҪࡣ
һ˵ʱ䣬ںɵòҪȥμѧϰ࣬һ᲻÷߰ڹٳҲ֪ʱǶɼġ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣˵ĸо⻰ƺָȻԷԸ˵ȻҲῪʳĻòҪĴ𰸣˶Ρ


ٰʮ ƺĲ
һᣬʱˣһվˣ˵İ칫һǸó˲輸档
ԺûװûпùǸЦ˵СǸʲôǲҵˣԸգ
ǣˣҡҲ˼һе޴롣˵ʵıֺǳϡ
Ҳʲô˼ջȥûиϵùȥ㻹òһأЦ˵
ԷȻ˵ˣһȻǫˣǽӹ˵ʱ䣬һúõȼ
ãЦŰһͳ˰칫ҡ֪ģ⣬Ȼһֱһ͵ϡ
İ칫ҳԺһĥı֡˺һᣬһ˹ԷŪȥУ飬ûйϵȫ˵顣
һΪɵģҲ˵ȷʵûйϵΪ˱ڹôĿȻΪǰԼƲ壬˭֪ǿƲʻ꣬һһˣٲĳ˵Ĳ硣
Ժһ˼άлصǰʶԼʱ仹Ƕ࣬ⲻòûеطȥˡȵ־ʱ䣬ҪԺǲҲȥҸסĵط׼ȥģһ룬βܿ绰
죬صԺ󣬿϶Ҫͷ鴦һ£ܹƾҪȥӦˣǿһʱ䶼ûʲôͼܿһˣǸᡣ
ܿӵ绰Ժ󣬺ǿģ֪һھݵʱ˵͸Ϲ
һ룬Ҳûоܾʱ䣬Ͽ϶ҲǴίǻƴ˽ܵˣ˽Ѿˣڹ̻̲أȻû˼ȥˡ
һԺ͵ðƤ֮棬ëɸ仰ʱݻƴҿǡˡɻƴңһȻ뵽գķгӦòˣտܽٺͻƴһľһʱƺеʱ˵Ƿ˼ˣҲĸɡ
뵽Ժһһ˦ԴԼеˣ죬и˵ϹҲûáһһɣɣֱˮ԰ȥ
СԺһʹذѳһһԪ¥£Ժֳ︡Ǹ龰벻Ǹ˾Ȼŷٵı磬ҪǵʱԼǰһöð뵽Ժһ˺֮⡣
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Сӣ˻ⷿһʻ
һæתֻһλʮϴ裬վ501ſڡޣ裬ã˵ģ֮ǰһѸסҽһһѡ
ǸʮͣСʵ
һһ֪˵ľŷ٣æ˵ǵģ裬ʶס𣿡
Сӣˣĸˣ˵ȥ߶߶˵ҾͲ֪ʲôõģΪʲôЩ˶ŷҪȥأҪ˵ĶҲûǻĹá
һʱ˼лҴ˵һټԺ󣬾¥ȥˡһĽǺһǲƵġʱ֣Ѿ֪Ľǲϳϣֱۼһ˲䣬ŲòܡҲǷ䳣˵ģƺĲײĲɡ
һصԺ󣬵һ֧̣һԺһȣᡢʲôģȫˡ˺һԺŰԼָƽȴӵ˴⡣
ص306Ժ󣬴ţһһƨɳϣ漴´һ֧˻ôţɵɫڿնӡŴ߱ȽϰէһȥֻССͷ˾úǹ졣
֪˶ãͻȻԿײһʶ̧ͷſڴűƿˣܿͻȻҵĿ߿ȱ߹ȥ͵һƿ˴һЩɫֱȥ
ܿߵһǰϵỊ̻̇Ҹ˵㲻Ҫˣô̡˵̻Ҹס̺ʹֱȥ
һҲ˵ֻصɳ档ܿصԺ󣬼ӣһģæĻСʵôˣǲǳʲôˣ
һȦסԺ󣬲˵ˣźȥ׹ҵĶӣҾȻΪǡ
˵Ժһ˵ȥˣһԺ͵غ޺޵һ䣬Ļ쵰˵⻰ͬʱֺ̧ݺݵسԼһ͡
ܿžһѾˣѸץס֣һ¡οû£ôҲΪãˡˣˣҲϣ
Ժһŵ˵һ䣬ˣûˡ


ٰʮ ɲҪ
ܿɿ֣оǲƵģֱ߹עһϵı顣һıԺ˵ûˣղֻͻȻе㡭
֮ǰҲסСɣܿСʵ
һ˵ͷ⻰Ȼû˵Ǽܿǰ뵽𰸵ġץסһĵ˵û£һжȥˣʱͻġ
һʱ˵ĸж˵ͷȻվȥ䣬ͬʱԼܿ˵ݱ裬еڿˡܿĵӦһһָŷ
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һС㳡ҪС˻õģһЩ˶е⣬СͤӣһԲεʯһʯʣΧɫСݡѾˣЩСݵȻʢ
һͼܿСӱ۵Сǰȥ紵ϣûڲ࣬򸴺أܿΪ˷ֹһŷٵ飬ǿһЩڹ顣
ʻԺһޱ֪ĺгԼŮˣǰȻûʲôıҪ
ܿ˵еԺ󣬾úϲ£죬벻Ȼôӵ˵¶һû̫Ӱʱŷˡ
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ܿ󣬵˵ͷ˵㿪
һĲ¥Ժ󣬵˺һᣬ־ƲŹ񿭷֪־ƺһл˵Ծ˵ȥ̡
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ǺǣȻеϵҲȫΪ㡣־Ц˵⣬˼˯ܶò̤ʵһ취ߵģ˵ʲôʵҪ
һ󣬻ǹ˵˵ҪΪҵ飬Ҳʱڡ
˵ɣ˵˵ҲδþǸ£˵ܴһء־ƹص˵
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̸ˣһȥݸ裬֪־ƺԺϲȥһݣһ¡־Ƶͷͬˣһ绰񿭷ɣϰһй̶ĵطϹš
һ־Ժ󣬻صѾʮһˡĴԺ󣬱ΪܿѾ˯ˣ˭֪ڿӣһԺæȥϴˮ
һ󣬺Ǹж˲ᣬһ뿪ԺپһĻɾˣܼܿΪҲ㣬Բſڵ
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ڶһ磬һֱ˯ŵ𴲣һϲϰνܿУ˸绰ȥ١ϲȻƽʲôʾͬ⡣
ܿ绰ʱһ͵ǲӦȥһˣԺ󣬺ٻȥ֪ƴ˽ܵˣôŵԣǲΪһĺ԰һǿԺԲſⲻһжѳɹˣ˽Ѿ£Ҳ뿪ٿЩѾˡ
Ǵģ뿪ٻĿѾ΢΢ˣбҪʹҸ뵽ԺԼܿ˵ϿܻȥʹҾһۣЩûˣеˡ
ðҶܵ㣬˵ڹˣǵǰˣܿһЦ
ٺ˵ҿҪƨƨˡһ˵ܿ⻰Ժϵסͣһµı顣
˵˵ЦЦ緹Ժһ˺ʮ·ڣһѼִܿ˳ϵĹ㲥Ȼߴ˵ͣ˺һᣬҲûŪ׾ʲô˼һ԰ˡ


ٰʮ 
һ쵽ڣȥ֯Ϣں϶Ѿˡһ֤ʵ֮ǰԣ뿪ѾΪ顣ζһȥȥϰ඼νˣӦòʲôˡ
ڻĹĹٳձ飬߲ˣȻûߣʵȨȻҲûʲô
αŵĽһںһܵʱ䣬Ȼ˦־ߣҲ֮ǰһҪ׼ȷ˵Ҫţһѧһ¡˾쵼ߵˣںСźţҲȷʵܲסڼȻԼҪˣһҪı·Ѿ˰ţҪǱ˵ն
һһǳĵģ˭г⡣ȥУѧϰڴְѧϰҲ˵Ǻеĳгֻѧϰڼ䣬Ĺ˵ˣҲǹҸѡгʱгһҪŵġ
¶˵˼һںᣬΪЩ˻ٵĺ־ƻеϵĿǰ״ֲòӱΡģҪгٴĻǺıȻǺгǷֵסҪʺţһʲôƫ˵ûطˡѾļѱߣԼȥЩ˸Ųסӣ㲻飬ǲǵڰʯͷԼĽΪĿǣһΪгѡһӺе˵в
һԺѡҲͺ֮ˣڳκûʸˡгԺ󣬸ǵλֿӱεĻҲó
ѾΪ˸ǣʣµЩ˵УлľǳײˣȻ첻µĻյľҲǺǿڿƺ̫ˡײƶûصľ飬Ⲣʲô˵飬ĹĸɲһשҪᣬ˵һֱ˵ּ
˵ߵ˿϶ûʲôϷģһȥУѧϰˣһųίĸгˣԼҲг뷨˽ܳԺܱסеλãѾܿˣĶôԶ롣
һţѾίиĴš³Ժϰʱ䣬·ϲˣȻһкǹ֮ѾһӦʽġһҲ⣬ʲôҲûһƽȵİ칫ȥ
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ѧæһ칫ǰǰϽ˰ƨɣĹ֮顣ܾʱյദ֮ĸоκʱ򣬶쵼𾴶Ǳġ
һ״΢Ц˵ھģòѧһ˲ûκθı䡣һ״Ҳûٺƽ⣬쵼ıʾνӲҪôȥҲһ𾴡
һ˲Ϣɣһһ̸֧ѧʵ
ѧĴԸת˼ôشϰĻûʵʵ˵ȽϺãǾ͵˵ͷ˵ϰǵģߺǱ߶ڴ飬ûмʱ㱨ߡǱȻָ͵ί
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ѧ⻰ԺǳģȴΡģ쵼̰ڣͼĲһţ³ˣȻЩ֮顣ѧڹٳҲѧ˲٣æ˵ϰ壬ûʲô뷨Ҽ顣ӣҾڸ顣
һ֪Է⻰һˮ֣ǺܿĵģֻҪǸˣ˭ԸлءŶԷЦ˵Ҫǲأ
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ѧʱͷԸٵתţһѡ˵ˣǸ򳤣Ǹֳ⡣ְλԣ϶һģƼѧи츱εͷΣҲǸƼìܡ
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ٰʮ ϵڱ
һһˣʱ򣬳ȥ̫İ칫һ⣬һ绰ϲ׼ȥϲ˷ܲѣæ˵֪ˣлԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰ǼŰϢȥˡʣµʱ䣬һլڰ칫СʦԸġԵǾΥĴ棬һøϰһš
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һĵ㲻ʱȥȻ׼ȥԷҲȥ̫٣εݿǹ˽ˣԱӡʱϲʹ绰ˣʴʲôʱ򵽣ҪҪɳӣ
һ֪Էܻˣæ˵ֻǻȥǼ棬ɱôѽ
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һЦЦҲٶ˵ʲôϾҲ˼ҵһ⣬˵ˣԵý顣
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Ժɣ乫··䲻ǳ࣬ԶԣٻǱȽϿġ
Ź·߷İһ˳˼·Ϥε䣬ΪΪΪˣȥҴҡ
ѵʱ·ߵķ羰żƮҶһͷӿ˼пҶҶ䣬лȻĹɣʵγҲˣ䣬۷͹ȵֻءΪһ˵ӦŬҲɹּƽϣһƽļɡ
һ۾Ӵ˻ͬʱҲ˼֮ԲѧΪ¹ͨһ¡ʱϰķ䣬˾ȻڳϡҪ͵ذ½е칫ȥ̸ǲһСʱ¾ܴٳΪ˾ýֺͷóһ׼°ų·ˡǳĽʣǺޣǶͼӴ׵ذٶȴȥ
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һı飬֪Ӧûʲô˵ȥµĹλԺʲô鶼Ҫһۣٿɱ⿪Ӷˡһ˾ҲܳΪһýġ
æ˵ϰģһ湤ʲôԵģָҡ
Ǻǣˣúøɣһ˵
⻰Ժ󣬲ڿڣȴֿ˻뵽һᵽԺһȻؼҰ¸ϱһҲڸ˸ˣԺϹҲһ˾ĹҸɲˡȻһؼеĽӵжӳͲڸɲڣȴһҲӰ顣
ڳһоµĿ֣ЦҡҡͷⲻǷ񶨣һ͡ʱ򣬶Ӧѧ㣬׷ЩԶҲﲻĸ߶ȣͽʹ⣬Ӧñ޺ô
һɴϵԼѾǸˣУѧϰԺ뼶Ӧ˳µģӦˡ˵̵ܷһʵְʵϲô̫Ҫģ־˵â̫¶ˣδؾһ£Ȼз硣˻ᣬ躹ޣذѼȥӳԶչĽǶ˵Ϊ뵽ԺһҲˣڳϣر۾
ſڵʱһ׵ˣƽʱϤһȫǣίǻƴҲλСȻʼһ㶣תһ룬ĶҲܹˡ˽ܵıӻɶҲǣڲҪ˵ǳгˣгϱġ
һ³Ժ뵽˻ҡװӵ쵼ȫλȫһӭ쵼ļơһ״ʶ˲ף˵λͬ־ǿһ㣬ҽȫԸ˵ݣյĹѣԴûбҪʽ
һ⻰Ժκǿᣬ˵Ȼ쵼˵ˣǾһ㣬̸̸ǣ㿴κǿһʱԺ󣬶ڹٳһҲǼ졣
ƴæ˵ã쵼ġʱΪѣһǺϲ۵ģһԷʱȥǲȥͺƯˮĸƼһģκ飬СĽһԺʱһĿڷ


ٰʮ 
ڻ˰СʱԺκǿ˵쵼ҿɣʱ䣬ٺúõġڿɵ˳Էʱˡ
һ˵ͷ˵ʵĲԸˡϾǸߵˣϣһϲָֻŵӡƴĥĥģ˼Ƕ˵ΣһҺκǿһȥϹĻ죬Ҫ£ȥæɣûʲô£Ǻ졣
ƴ󣬿䣬һ̬ȱȽϼҲûټ֡
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һᣬһʮˣκǿǰ䡣żƣȻκǿ顣κǿһתȥˡ
κǿһ˵쵼߰ɣϹϺݣǼһ˵ˣ³ȥˡǽǸˡϹʹˣ˵ںõҲǸϰˣѵ³ˣ֪һˣȻˡԼĻ˵Ĺˡ
һȺ˴ӵһµ¥µʱͻȻܿڳĦгκǿкһܿˣҲк
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ܿߣһԷȥκǿк
쵼Էҹȥܿ˵棬ǡ糤һ㶼ǺмּӵģܿΪһͨĹԱô˵Ǻ˾ò졣
˭֪ĻκǿĻͷ˵˵Ĳ쵼ЩģӦþõ֮ꡣ߰ɣ
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һκǿһۣղǻ˵ÿɲһˮƽⲻ¶ɫһƨƺָһɣǲ֪Լͼ֮ܿĹϵҪôԷһȥԷأ
κǿˣһǷǳŵùģĵǣ龿ж֪ҪǴҶ֪˵Ļɵ취ӦԴ¡ȻڻĹٳ˵㲻ʲô˵飬ĶˣпܻΪ֮֡ϡֽϿǾΪ¶ĹԱǸʰǡһѾ⣬һҪҸһʼܿǧһ޴ʳѰ
˰ϹϺԺһѾյǷ⾰ˣȻǽոװ޹Ϲһһͼס֣֣ص˵ǣˣ
һҲԷ䣬Ȼֱӽ˰䣬͵棬һˣæӹְһߡԺһ־ȻʶһǵĸΣһκǿ飬ղżһ棬һû
ٷһԵø⿪ģ˵ǹٳϵˣǱ˴˼ദúǢֵܡһ㡣һǳ׷ſˣ˾͸ɣһҪκǿʹɫϾͽˡ극Ժһᣬ͸Դɢˡ
һ׼һѧ飬ɱϾûжԾʱȲ˵ʱٸκǿ绰Ӧûʲô⡣
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һǿųתһȦȻԭסĵطܿӰ˳һ͵һɲסܿèѸٴȻҵͣɣһ̵ʻȥ
һͷ˶һۣɵһЦܿæ˵úÿɲģ
һԺ͵ظֳüǰŷڳһĻ˵⳵ǿˣ
ܿ󣬳һæʵôˣƺȶˣҪǻȥɣҪǳʲô£治ġ
ǡһԷû˼԰ѳͣͷȥڼܿĶ˵һͨ
ܿųһOͣæ˵ôУҪǸ˼ҿô죬ⲻˣå𣿡
һ⻰Ժֻúεεģһ£˵취ѽҪǲɶĻҿɾͿ˳ˣҪ
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һɿˣǻЦȻԸ⣬һԸأҪֱֳĻǰԿǰŮˣٺ٣
ܿǰԺ󣬺Ǻߣ˺Ժ󣬻Ǻܿĵġ˵㿪Ҹεĵط⻰˵ʱСԼˡ


ٰʮ 
һȴ·г˵һ㣬شģ֪ˣǰһڣ춼ûʲô˹˵ˡܿ˿࣬Ķʲôֻƾơ
Ժ󣬹濴һڣһѳټһ̣ɣһͷ˽ȥǰ˼ʮԺѳ·һͣܿŵ˼㣬Ӷ΢΢֧֧˵һҿ㡭˰ɣҪĻ
һѻ˵꣬ѾţɣɵĺšΧһƬڣֲָԼԺɣɵйɵزһ³ʮӣֹͣ
ֹһᣬűƿˣһһĿռʵ̫СˣʩչҪľǷݴ̼ĸоĿԺԲơһ֧ϳһ뻹Ƿˣҹ˾ģҪˣô˵Ǽ鷳¡
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˺ԺһָûеطȥȥĻȻУȥݵĻòҲСڰƴĵطõıֻôң˭Ҳұ֤᲻һʶˡ˼ǰ󣬾ɴȥˮ԰гҲں롣
ܿʱԳڸղŵУʼʱǺ²ѣǵ˺ָо治ƽʱᵽģֱԾһ㡣˺óʱ䣬ҲһͣʵôûĶѽ
һŤתͷ˵ؼңȥˮ԰
ܿÿؼҶ֣ﶼȺģ˵ĸжʱ˿ָ̣оǿңںϣ۾ΣҲٵѣ
һֱܿԼĶλͺ׼һˣӵеģܴзһѾˡԸհŮˣĸ彡ˡǰԸѶȲ󣬺ɲףڵⲻ˫ͬͬ⣬ǸԷӰܿʱǻǲǻϡ
ˮ԰ʱһ˸䣬ͣĶŤͷһܿȻ˯ˡشӳȻ򿪺ţ¹͸սڣչǰһ˯˵һ׼ȥתһ룬ı⡣
ùĺͼܿİ򿪺˽ȥȻԳۣѼܿᱧֻܿǴ˸ͻȻԼ뿪Σ߻ԵϢæ۾һڳعسšһ֣صһŹˡ
һˣ׼˭֪ܿȴ۽رסɤӣ˼ȥˡһҧҧһֻܿһͷҲһٽңټ˫ʹһ˳ȥ
ſڵʱ򣬼ܿѸͳԿף˷šԺһæ첽ɳȥһɳϡ
ܿ˵ۻ˰ɣ֪㱧ҵĻղžͶԵˣ˭ղôǶĳͷ
ҲղŸöԵ㣬Ļ¥ϾͿֱӰˡһװ쳣˵㿴ȥͦôôأǸԺҪС
ܿĻ֪Լ˷ĵһŮˣɵеСҲٺ죬æȥˮȥˡ˾˸ղŵǷԺһǿˣ֪һϲˮæŸˮݲˡ
ҹ˵ǿˣ˸ղŵĴ̼ԺڿԲ˼ɵʩΪˡ֪÷ȻĶԺ˶۳һ̲࣬§˯˹ȥڻָƽֱʱǺĴ󴲲ŷӳĹܡ˯ߡ
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緹ˣܿʵ
һ˯ۣ˵ҺߴǴ绰ôţ
仹飬ڴ绰ҿɲ˵ȥϰͲϰ࣬кҪһҵô绰ѽɲĩܿ˵һ˸绰ؼңŮһ£Ǻǣ
һʱ͵һ⣬ż֣ܿߵǰԺʵǵ飬֪𣿡
ܿʻı࣬æ˵ҿɴû˵裬Ҳû˵
һ֪Լ˼ˣæ§˵ҵ˼ˣҲû˭˵˵û֪ǵ飬˵пܴӲµһЩ
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һԺ󣬹Ȼںڵڼ״ĶͰ
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ܿ״æģ˵๫ˣСŮвˣ
˾ôŪţĲѡ
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Ժһ˺ǸϤ·ڣһһ˺ĺܳһûټ档
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ѾٽˣһԹ緹һȥѧУˡ֣֮ûûСģڸĻֻӵķݡ֣ʹ˸ɫЦ
˻ѧſԺÿɥԸ˳֣ųһһ˼ҡһݵϰߣʱûʲô飬ֱ˴֣״ٺһЦҲȥˡ
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ڴϣִ֣˵ӡһŵӣʵ˭ģǲǸŮˣ
ѽ˭룬ʱ鲻˵ϹҪˣԵûôΪҡ֣Ŀ״
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֯ĸĸǴҪˣǷڶԽѾеϢˣʱĵòˡ֣ش
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پʮһ 
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һҪ飬ȥһݡҪȷһ£ֽϵͼƬϵľǲͬһţǵĻӾЧǲȫһֻȸЩԺ󣬲ӦĶԲߡ
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ϰͶȺĹˣһæѱֽһߣרĶԸһֽܱʲôãҪݼһ£ĻĶء
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緹Ժһûֱվ뿪Ƿ˱ֽ߷۾ŵý첻ĩʱ緹˲ࡣղŵǶĸѾˣֻʣſڻͷڱ߳Աţǵעһߡ
һװطűֽʵĿ棬Ĺע򿪵ʱ۾Ѹٵ½ǣƬȷУλ棬ӦòעĿұֽȻûվϵֻпȥԺܿһ
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˹վ̨Ժһվϲ鿴һ·복ΣŪԺ󣬵һ֧ĵص˹һ֣ʱѡ򷿵ʱ򣬹ƾͿǵϰ⡣Ȼʡ̨ľ벻ȴҪת26·93·118·ǿֱģͨǷ㡣Ȼгƽʱ°ǲģ죬ҪĻٵ
һϳԺһ·ͣͣʮԺ󣬲ŵ˻ʡ̨ⲻʡ̨ȥǳɣü¥䣬ߵһһĿһµʮ㣬װε÷ǳ˵ʵһźȣҪࡣ
һĸһȥ֣뷨ֱӴһ绰Ѿ̨ſڡ֣һļˣһ˵Ҫϰ࣬ΪԷֻһ˵ˣ벻ȻˣȻǿġ
ӣֱ֣߱ûʲô飬˵ϹˣǾŵ뷨СѾˣתһ룬ִ뷨ĽϹͣҲܵˣбҪ԰һԣӦ˵ǺбҪ
֣ձһ㣬òװ°ࡣͬ칫ҵһСһ˱̸߱ģʱʱһƵЦͻȻǸСóһѣ˵ǸŮˣߣ
֣Ťͷһֻǵֱ쵼Ųѩں档˱߱˵ٶȻǶһˣһ·ٶȻҪȿϺܶࡣ
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ѩ״üͷš˴֣ɫҲ׼Ѿ˴ţĴǿȻڣ˭˭⡣ѩ󲽣˹ȥȻعͷɨһۣɫܲÿ
췢ʲô񾭣ôȥģղʵ
ûаҹҵĶľţصʱĵģ֣װӷʵ
ҡҡͷȻٺȥ˵ղ˵쿪ģôһ̣ʡȥ೵ˡ
ѽû⣬ϹˣһǻĻأ֣һԪƵĿĵ˵


پʮ Ƿʰ
æʵϹˣôû˵ѽôͻȻӦأ
ʡίУѧϰǱʱûп࣬Ծйҵġ֣ĵ˵
Ŷһȥ೵ɣǶ磬ȥݣ಻ð
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ողȻ˵ȥˣʵҲܺ档ŵھӴٳԻм˽ģʮĸһǳسⲻò˹Ŀ࿴
ϳ֣ؼʻСſʻȥٽſڵʱ򣬶ʻһ֣Ϊ˱ðѷ̴ұߣʱѾһһɲֱӰѳͣסˡ׼³һԺͶĻл
˭֪ƿţ˸վûüתͷֻһŮ֣أѳ·мһͣ˻߲ˡ
֣תһֻѩһҵ̤Ħг񳵵ĺ档ʱһŭϻһīȻǸմժġ
֣糿ڶһֱأ⻰Ժ󣬸Ƿŭ˵Σ㿴⳵ͣ·м˵̨й涨ͣô֪
ѩ֣Ļ󣬷ζҪըˣղųŵʱǵǰ棬Ͳ㷢ڵſԺ󣬻ֵĵǿ벻̡֣Ļһӵ֪ô˵ˣΪĳȷʵͣ·м䣬ղΪöĳʵѾ·ߣѩһֱĺ棬Ҳʵ
ѩ׼ʱһѾ˸ǰҲӳˡڳѾ֪ôˣæǰһ˵ΣǹҪĵģɷ׼³ɷ򿪳еҪ˵ԡ
һ˶յĻҲ֪ôˣ֪֣ԸæǰһЦ˵Σǰɣã֣ɷҽһǲ˼⳵ͣòǵط鷳ˡ
ѩ˵ĻҲ˼ټƽʲôˣĦгĳһ壬˵һ䣬˲ѽ˵ţһŤţĦгɿش˳ȥ
֣ŭ˵ûʲô˲ģﳵ˲ѽߣŮˣǰˣԺһקŶգţϳȥˡ
һѩĦгʧڳУɵüͷǰŮӡһĲƲ֣֮ǰ鲻̸Ϊ֣ɷѾкˣҲͰˣȻ˵Ļ˵Ƿʰ
֣һϳԺæΪͶջ˽ܣ˶صͷʺáһؼʻСȻٴΣ°߷ӦϣǵһΣע쳣С֣ͶڵţʱʱرһЦ
Сʻ˽ʮӵӣմˣָ֣һѳͣ·ߡǷԺ󣬾˳һѵƵʻԺ󣬳ػ·м䡣
Ӧ·ϵĳһľ״̬ҲɳӺӾ￴֣С죬ĵӣǿʵôˣղžô£Ǹ㾭Ůѽ
ѽĶŮˣֱš֣˵糿óһ㣬·Ͻϵģλʱ򣬻ǳٵˡҲ֪ʲôˣƫƫǸӭͷײˣ׵ؾһϻӲûƽϡ
ƪӱͷˣҹȥžž˵һ١ŪĲӲ޸ģҵʱ͸ôĿܲףǲڱͷˣ¹ֵҵͷϡȻɵôǺ䡣ղǾǹҲ磬ʵҲôȥϰ࣬ϻ벻ԽԽˣΪˣߣ㿴ôʰ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ûж˵ʲô֮ǰ֣ҪظԷƽϣһı⡣Щ˾ΪǸأκʱһһȵӡԸˣõİ취Ǻݺݵش֪ˣԺŲװǻء
˺һᣬһų֣˵ȻҲҪעⷽʽԱ
֪ΪԸѽ˵ʵҿˡڲҪȥݲҡ̫Ļ˵˲ңҲˣңұطˡ֣޺޵˵
ѵһѾˣҲ֣һзִģϾڹٻ֮ﳤС֣һǱĬӰ졣ҪʰһΪǵŮˣһ֣Ǵ´ģûʲôɵĵġлһҪԭҲϣΪ²ģȻһҪǻ㶯֣ҹζࡣ
˵Ժ֣æ³ȥˣȻǴҹ㣬Ҳɫζȫˣȫϵã˳һпɶĸ׺÷ĽԺһ֪Ĵ𰸡


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˳緹Ժɳ֣׼򿪵ӣһǷݡ˹ȥ˵ȵȻῴӣ㿴ö
ʲôöǰ칫УҸղѾˣûʲôмֵĶ֣ӹֽ˵ֻעְ飬ûЩǳʲôţú塣
һҲ֪İã˵עְ飬棬Ҳоϲ
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ȷɻȷĿĵأûУ˭Ҳ֪һʮ·ڻδηɻµĸǷǳ͵ģǽͨȫģ˭Ҳ˵Ϧʤö٣ɻһκԺǿϢģжڵļޣأ˭ͣأ
һ˵ʱӦûʲô飬˵Ժú÷һ㣬ôôȥˣĽпǱ̭Ҳ˵ʱ򣬶Ҫȥձҳԭ


پʮ ҵ
һں˼֮ʣ֣ͻȻţӭȺкţϸ磬Ͻ㡣
һ˳߿ȥֻ߹һһŮеĸߴ˧ŮģҲҡ֡΢Цһе·ôҲǰλεĸҹӣϴλ뺷ľϵ仯δҲ߯һɡ
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𣬱ҵĺãɩڽʡúù䣬˳㿴ܲҵҪǱǶλ˼֪ˣҲʲôģһ˵˭ʡģҹʡȥҿɾͲˡҪ֪Ҽϵһ㣬λȿȡ˵ʱ򣬹⿴һۣȻװһģ
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󣬿ĵص˵ͷ
һһ߿дࡣͨҲһҲ޷ʵֵĿ꣬Ӧ׷ͺСӹҼһ򵥡˵˱˵ȻӣʱĲܱȣˣǸԼҲڡ
˱ߺȲ裬죬ܿһСʱȥˣ䣬֣˸绰ٽƵ궨˸СһȥԷ˳㶩һ䷿Ϸ޾סʱˣ˱ˡ


پʮ Ҹ
ٽƵӦΪľý·ϣǻʡʸϵǼƵ֮һгҪεװ޸죬ǸͷˣȻͳǼƵ̻ʹȻв࣬ҲǸ߹ٸ̵ľۼ֮ءȻΪĲжóԣҪֻһӶѣȻһݵ
Ϸ޴ԶĹ˼ҵݰǣһͺ֣ˣϾͰٽԱֳǷһƬġ
ٳ֮ʣϰһ֣ϣ˵ӣҵһ⣬Ǵϲʱûܹǲ˼
֣ȻϽܣ˿ʼǫ֣ˣһллԺ󣬾ͰǸСֽŽ˲輸ĳ档
ӽ۾ٽƵľ뵹ǲԶĻʮӣڴټǳʱʱ䱾ͲˣǵʱѾˡ
ͣͦóԺֱ¥ٽİȫ¥Ҳȡ˳˼
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һطԺΪǷŵĴ⣬æŤͷװȥ̡հѴţһѽ֮ŤͷһֻлأƸո˺ֵܷܷرϡ
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ϼ״һ˵ϵܵӵѽҪȫˣȥ䣬Ϊ϶߲ˡ
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ϽԤǰ棬ϣҪܾ˵ΪĻ˾Իһ㡣
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֣ĺ״ͷϣ˵Ͻ㣬ѽҲ˵һʵϹҪѽ
ӣأЦ˵


پʮ ̫۸
֣˺ϳ޼ɵѰϵĿġϵȻƣҲ޿κΣС֣۸ԴѾϰΪˡ
˱˵ЦߴƣҲܿġ˵ֻкϲ̫ΪǻˣԶ淨ýƣҶĴ󶼺ܿݣʱ߹ȥȦˣ֮ǰس
ĸúǿ֮ʣͻȻƵ֣˵һ䣬ΪǷԱˣǶû⣬֣˵Ȳ˵һϣǻҪٴһأ
λŮʿϺã˼ǲľ죬м͸λһ£֪Ƿԣս˹˵
⻰Ժ󣬲֪ղŽĲǷԱתͷһֻһʮλվڸǰȻҲһǸȵġһĻ˵ʲô飬뽲
ģǲ˼ȥΪѣеֹ˼
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⻰һҲȥˣ΢΢ֱֱ˵ǲ˼мλæܲܵ¥ȥԣеİţǼ¡ǵĲԣҲ³ʵûа취£ǵĵһۼ㣬ǿô
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ȻһܵʻԺˣһ˵ǣǣǡ˵Ժ־òԾǸ˵ǣǡһ˵־òԾɥһ֪Ǻá
ǲǵˣȥԺ÷ԱϲˣǳˣȻߡ˵ǿɶǹӡСĳʱܹˣǺõˡ
״Ŀƣһ£ҧҧ˵λ˼ܲҪⵥȫˣǿ
λû˵̲꣬סѽӹٷϻҾͰˣ
Ļ󣬺ɫСĵ˵˼˼˵ſȥǸƾǱˡҲ֪ôȻܲʣǱߵͷ̫󣬲ܵġ
˵ٽĲʵֻһܶѡ̨ϰнһЩǾԲܵģղŹ˵оһλϰ֮УŲò²ߡ
ʱǳԷĵ㣬ٽĶа䣬˼ָҪҪѾܸˣСνֻҪǰˡ鿴һԺ󣬷ֻ⽭Ͱ׽ûϲˣ׽ӦиˣȻûǸȥǣǾͰ˼⽭档
ڿǴˣҲ֮УԷģ˭ں㷹ǮǳĴ˼ҪԸŹء
زҲǺηʥȷʵûаˣҸŬҲŬˣ˼ҲãҲûа취ҪҲֲҵͷϣܲ˼ҳԵúúõģóȥɣҲûѽ
˳ȥԺһƣһһ㣬˵ȦģԶЩǺ⡣
֣һӣ˵̫۸ˣȻ뵱ֻй۸˵ķݣ벻ԽԾȥˣ͵ûʲôô
һ󣬲д۾֮УԼĹȥǲʮ˽⣬ԺһҪһĹʷ
Ļ϶һ˵ֵܣ㲻֪ɣϱǴԺˡǲϳеʱһ٣棬жӣصģԺЩһ۸ǸºšһʱڼҵһŮԺ棬иһðѼĵذıӸһֻŻؼˡϱ֪Ժһʲô飿
һҡҡͷ²֣ʲôҪ˵Ǽһﺣһ٣ƺ̫ܣϾѾϳˣŮôкӵĶء
ٺ٣ϹЦԺ󣬼˵ʱڼ˯ϱǹͳȥˣҵǸкԺֱǹͷǸôţǻһ£ֱӸˣֱӴСʧٺ٣Ͱɣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲̧֣ȥΪһ˵á
кô֪ǹĻǼٵģһʵ
ɵѽǴԺĺӣֱ治ǹ٣Ժ˵
󣬻ȻĴָ֣˵ӣ̫ˣ´Ҫʲôطģǹһá˵ߺݺݵصһۡ
㣬ͱһˣһȥԺ󣬸ҰѺݺݵһ٣ûҳš֣ί˵
һĻеΪʲô֣һֱ֣ǾηΪһ㸸Ů֮仹ǱȽ׵ġҲѹ֣ʮʱ򣬾͸ǹָ˵ͷҪ֣ܵһ㣬ɳʲôء
˵䣬ԱѾѲˡһϺͺһĶ˾ȥˡ֮Ĺϵ׽λҲûʲôˣеİеģŮİŮġԺ󣬾һȰ׾ƣ˵⣬ʱǣ˾ȥٿһ䡣ѵþһ𣬾Ҫġ


پʮ Ĳ
ԱǵĻ󣬾Ͷֿˣһ˴һƿǶרҵѸ١ԱΪԺ˵һߡ
һ𱭣ϺͺһĶ˾һֻƱڿзһöһƱһﲱӣһСҺɤϰѱסҲһӣѾƺȥŮʿ˼һ£һСڡ
Ժ˵ֵܣȳԵˣŵ㣡
Ļ󣬺Ͽ˵ͬ־ȾƲһôе˺ˡ
⻰˵ϼֱе޵ݣ֪֮ģʱܱȺȵǿ
ЦŶ˵ںȾ棬뱲ˣͷˣһ֣һһֵˡһȥҵʱ򣬾ͱֱӸſˣλãҺҰ˼ûȵùλ˵һս־𣿡
һ⻰Ժæ˵ϸ磬⻰˵òԣҲأô˵һԶأ
ǺǣǾ˵ʵһ˶ԺҰֵĻ˵ںȾ棬ԶҰֵ°ܽϴҪڹؼʱ̵ķӣôɾأЦ˵
ϸ磬⻰˵öԣҰֵľȷʵôһ쵽ΪܺȡҼںֵսУֻȡʤһΣһսһΡ֣˵
Ǻǣ濴һôܺȡһ˵ǿԺԴˣʲô˭˭һġȻǳ˵ġһںȾ棬ڼûٴţҪȻϲô
ĵ濪֮ʣͻȻͨһűƿˣŤͷſȥֻſվһͷӣ滹Ů˵Ӱ
˭Ĳۣúȥȥűȥѽͷվſڴ
һλſڱȽϽվתֱӳ˵ļһ˹ȥ˵ʲôأ˵һһ۵˵
ղǾ˳ȥԺͲµôˣƶԷܾôưոݣһֱڹעſڣһжӦ˹ϡ֣Ҳվ˹
ģ˵ôӴͷļһ⻰˵һ룬Ѿһֻסˣ㡭㡭׼ڣһոշµȭͷ̧ŵ˵һߡ
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һ׼ڣǰһ˵˵ˣֵܴĲˣֻһѡ
㡭˵˭ǹأղűͷ˵Ҫǰ
Ҿ˵㣬ôţٰһ£۵˵㲻һһֻеĹ
ͷˣҪȥһԷǿ壬ʧȥģⱻɫͿ˵ӣҲ˼ҵĶ֡
ղŲ廰Сƽͷ˵˴ҵֵܣ㿴ô죿ȻѾ϶һϴˡ
ҪľЧΪһڵģ¶в㣬ǰЩһƲٵľǮģһ۾ܿˡ̧̧Ƥ˵ʹˣҪô죿
СΣǷϻƷ־ֵӴ绰˵ٽվСƽͷߵŮ˵ˡɫȹһ̵İɫ
ϻعͷһۣ˼ѯǲʶԷ̽˶ԷһۣȻҡҡͷ˼ͶԷϤһϾͷˣԷļ׼һˣǲ£һʱҶճ
䲻֪˭ԷȻ˵Ƿ־ֵģǾûʲôãҲһ־ֳѡתԺ˵ţ˼Ҵ绰ˣǲҲϵһ£ʱҪǰǴȥҵɾʹˣ˵
ٺ٣Ϲģʡûиҹǵĵط⻰һڣѶļ˸סˡǱһƣöԷ֪ѶˣǸȻٰѰóͰˡڿ˼ҸûаӷǰƷ־ֵһ־ֳѽ˼ҾȻ񶼲һۣﻹûʲôˡ
ЩƽʱȻţǾʹȹŮźʵλǻģմ
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һ֣ǷһһˣһЦˡ
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㡭ǸƽͷƾҪȥ
СΣ˻ȥȥ绰Ȼ˼棬ǾͺúЩ硢һ档ȹŮһ˦ͷͳһСɵֻһ룬Ȼ˽
һᣬ绰ͨԺ˵ǿ磬أӱ˼۸ˡ֪绰һʲôæĵ˵ٽ¥ء͹ѽõģ


پʮ Ǵ
Ҷϵ绰ԺŮߵ˵˵Ҳһ£һǿ͹ˡ
ĻĹ֮ɫͷ߶ӣһƨ㣬Ȼöǿ磡
ϻ㲻֪ǿʲôϵѽһλţжȹŮ˵Ȼ˳ֵһϸǸ㡣
һάԺС˵ǱϹ˵ǿʲôˣĶܸʵϵģ
ٺ٣㣬ͱǫˣ˭֪ǿ˼ѽҪȻôһ绰͹أһк˵
СҲ֣Ҳû뵽ǿȻӦ˭˵ϴγȶˣ˷һҹûָܹǵղŴǸ绰Ҳ׼Żһ¶Էý̨벻ԷȻԸͲżˡ
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ӣ˵ȥˣĺѽ˵ϻ״
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ܸǿǺηʥ𣿡֣ʵ
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֣ҲŴ»СС»˵ģȹŮĻȷʵɶҲǿʤ֮ġС˵ɣСãô
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ɣʲôǿˣҪˣԺټ㣬ҹн㣬Ҫˣָأ֣Ů˵
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һ״ǰһ˵Сã˵۸㣬Ҫˣʮ򡣡˵ߴְͳһſžһϡ
Ůߵ˸ղŻ⣬ΪһһöԷ˿ˣ벻˼Ҹͣһ־Ȼʮʱ˭ҲỳǿĶʮڵʵԣΪʱȻˣͲ˵ġ
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ͳ¼йһ֮Եϴγ¼ݰݷ־Ƶʱ򣬴Űȥġ¼ʹŵĹϵȻ־ƵĹϵҲһǿԲǳ¼˵ٻǸǲܣһֱӦѧںڶо
˫ںüԵʱͻȻűƿˣһӾ죬ͷǸӣȴһ˵ĸоϵӺ˿Ϊȥһ㡣
ԺСĶֹ䣬˼ѯʶԷûˣСҡҡͷŷСİȫΪĵģͷ˾ıǧ˵ģȴĻҪ۰
Сĸ׽ٺӦаλѾʮˣۿǨ԰ӪͰƵģһˡǣ˰ңô˵֮ദûǢ
λǰŵòȥˣ˸̫̫ⱾҲ֮飬׮Ӧж˾޴Ӱ죬ԭҵĵڶӾȻҵıķⱣķѾ˲ͷˣǶϱˡ
ķԸɴ˴ˣȴ޴ĸӰ졣лʶǱģһ˭˵һֱλϡӦٳһ˵λ֮ԲϽˣΪķĳЩĹʵ̫ǿˣźʳ֪ζղܡ
ıķŵ㰲ȣûʲô飬ϼҴŮСȴǼ֡һЩ߰˸һǡ͵˹ĳͣǰŸսȥһ绰ִݵسˣԿŽ̲ġӣںòһӵĸˣҲôƽϡ
һ亦ľǰ־ֵľֳˡ߼¼һ쵱ΪСĴΡһΣԷ绰ʱŵĶƤϣûнձˣűԹҰѾͷǲСķģ⻰Ժæһסŵ죬ѽ⻰ҪǸǸϹҵƤ


İ ˵һ
Ҫ֪ٺڰǿɾʵۣ̫ϣڲĸɲֵ»£һ˻治˵˵ٺһģûٺĻڽֵɳأӵĻԲٺĻΩǴӡ
򶫵ķҲвٴ˵Ϊҽһ汾ǣٺһεɳȥ鹤һʮĻǳƯǾ뷨ΪǲԹɫ֣֪쵼ͼԺ󣬵ȥŮڶͰλŮͽٺϺƵĳڰ
ʱԺŮһϵ־֣˸ֳǸŮȴҲûȥϹ࣬Ժ󣬻ϹΪ£ǸСķһȻǲ֮
ȷϰıǧûκԺתһ˵Щʲôˣ֤ͳǲһĸо˾һ־ֵľֳǹ
ı֣˵ıӶˣԷҲ磬ʱղţúҲ绰ǶôǣǻбȥĿܡ־ֳһĵӣ˭ỳ
һмֺ棬ղźϵĵ绰Ǵ˭ģΪʡȻһšһ֮ԹעΪҪӦܳһʱ䣬ԶʶһЩ˵ӦǴġҪô죬ȻԺԽϵĻͿܻᾪӣǶɾͲһĴˡ
һڳ˼֮ʣ׼ˣһǲ̫óͷģϾݰǡ
Ҳ˵ʲôҲԸƵԭСʱ嵥ĸţ᲻ӣԽơƾԼ¬ҵӰҪóӦòʲôѵ顣ûгΣΪ˵ʲôҲԸ⣬ԽҲֻ÷ˣΪӲԸ⣬ӲţֻŪɳ׾
˵ƾʲôǵ֤Ƿˣôˣ˵
ϾȻô;ֳ˵ϵһྯ̲סˣȥһ˵˵ʲôأ֤ãĶôϻ಻ţӳ㣡
ǽմӾУҵģ򶫵Ĺϵŷǡֵ࣬򶫽˳ĻᣬȻҪúñһ
ĻԺɫ࣬Ǹľ֣˵ҵ֤´ء
ǸľΪԷסˣǳһȻȥϵߣ۶û̧һ£ֱ˵㣬֤óǾֳ㣬Ǹ桭
Ļû˵ֻ̧꣬ݺݸͣྯ챾ܵһ㣬˳Ƹȥ̧žߣǼһߵԺ󣬸ȥ߲ݺݲš
һϵеĶԺϺݺݵģϹĹۣ˭ӣСӣ˵һ飬ʮ֮ڣҾ˷㣡
һз̫ͻȻˣ˵֮⡣Ȼ˶ͻȻһᾯĻмֹ죬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼĳϣһ֣һǵŹֳ档Ҫۿڳ˹û˻š
Ǽ˻һۣӶԷ۾˿־壬Ҳ޷Ľɫˣöž֣ǵһ£ʻûǸӡʱСѾ⣬ΪԶٷ벻ǳô鷳ʱҲǲܡĬĬղŽӵ绰λҪĸӣҪȻƽúܲҡ
Ȼߣ䣬׼ȥˣһ;еϾͬ鱻˴ˣҪûеʾĻǿɾ̫˵ȥˡ
Ⱥ鼤֮ʱµļ˸ֹƣҲǲˬǱϾЩС׳嶯ǰĸ¹ڳģǵˣȴ㣳ľٶһ⣬ٿ޿ֵӣûˡ
ĳϣȻҳִ򾯲죬ֻֿܣһʧķߺˣжܴԿƣڶ˼ҸûԼЩС˻ûгԷȻܺƣ˵ǷӣǸǺˣ˼һˡôʣµľֻеڶֿˣҲ˵˼ҸûͷϵĴñϵղǸֵ˵Ǿ䡰Сӣ˵һ䣬ʮ֮ڣҾ˷㡱ӼᶨԼжϡ
뵽Ժǰһ˵λѣղ˵ðȷʵĲԣ㶯ִˣǴҶģ㲻ϰɣ
ϱе㵣ЩһҪһϣǾͳԿˣ仹Ůʿڡ˵Ժ԰һǰǳ׼ˡڼֳȻˣûʲôõĵˡ
һƨϣЦ˵Ӧþֳɣղ˵ǻûҸղȷʵǴˣҴǾ죬ˣӦýϮ˰ɣˣȻǾֳ˵˵ôɣ
⻰Ժ󣬱Ӷˣ˼أڳԵܱһ޷ʰҪǿǰһ˵ȻϸղŴˣǾͺð죬֤ó
ô򵥣ԭ˾ԺֻҪʾ֤ˣ˵ѽҸղŻһġЦ˵˵Ժźʵţҵ֤Ķأ
֪ղ·ɻʱ򣬺ûҵЦŴ


İһ ǿѹͷ
ǡǡ򶫱˵ˣʱʵ޿ˣΪԷϷŪȻǳ˷ɻģôû֤أĻǾϲ˷ɻġ
֮һöԷʾ֤ҲĿĵġӦеģ˵ӣЩٶǾûЩʡ͵ĵơ
ΪƷ־ֵľֳҲǲףΪ˼סЩ̫ӡǵ֣ǺܷһԽܺЩ˵еĴδı棬ȴܰǵġ֤һϡһ˵ݣ̫ǼٹֻҪһ֤֪
ڼԷ˵ʲôҲԸ֤ټϸղŻ˵©죬˵ʲô·ɻûʲôùǵˡͷٴֻҪǻʡһĶֵģΪСͷû̫⡣ϻ˵úãǿѹͷߣ˵ٺǰĵͷ߿һҲΪ
򶫴Ժ󣬰˵λϮԼܶŹΪ޷ṩЧֻ֤ǵȥ̸ˡ⻰˵úе㲻ײ࣬⻰˼ȥ⣬ǲǴܶŹϮû£ؼûṩ֤ˡ
Сֳڷˣ׼ȥץˣǿǱ˺һˣҪǾֳţղžͳȥˡ
һִˣǰһ˵ֳˣ˵ˣλŮʿûйϵǸߣ֮˵ҪΪ˺ϣҪǻʡʡίǵŮӦбץ˹֣ǿһ򲻴Сˡ
⻰Ժһ£˵ҲУǾߡڻ⼸˵ݣԲ˰̫
⻰䣬Ͻ˵ֳ⻰˵û㹻˼ɣֻ׼ϻƤģҲһ棬Ūͨ񾯸ɸɰɣõø·ϣСʱ򣬲ѽ
ϵĻǳױ׵ˣ˼ҪȥȻƵģڿǸԷʲôڻһǲľе⡣
Ļֻúе㷢ëĸоӲţ˵λɣҿҪֵǿɣ
⻰ԺЦ˵ʲôѽֲˣ˵ôһӾ⣬ѵǣֵܣȿڲ衣
һ֪ڵԮЦ˵磬𼱣趼ˡԱǻһ
СԱŵöһߣкҲҲ߽Ⱥ߶µΪ˱»˲Ҷ
СãǱ£»⳥ǵľʧѵģȥһߺú룬ҪǮЦŶԱ
ԱһۣæղŵĽ䴦ȥ룬ĶҪʧѽǰȫسȥҾ͸мˡ
˴ģǺȲ裬ȥеģһȴȹϵһ㣬ǾٽƵ졣ʼǵСΪ˰ĿˣʱýϾ˼ٽԷġ˫ǳԲ˶ߡѾ˼绰ϰ壬ɶԷ˵ڻ·ϣһءɥͬ˵һվԱ߽ҲǣҲǣΪѡ
ʱͻȻƿˣʱǳһҶע˹ȥϺͺҲȲſȥΪǾȱˣ˭֪ľȻһʮˣһʧҲһ취Ҫ汻Щ˵ĻҲûʲôˣؼǻؼԺǹعˡ
ԺСԣæе磬ǿأ
˭֪кԺ󣬸ûǣ̽ͷһ˵ķ۾һһɨɨϵʱһ㶣תſ졣ǳ˵֮⣬˺ǺһЦȻ˵λ˼ƺȶˣߴˣǼ˵Ժת첽ȥ
С˵漴ֻͷ亹ֱðǼ˷·Ҳо˲ԣл̻̲֮С
ʱСʶ˽ˣһſʵʵ˸ְϡղŽˣ˲ʶôܲʶأй룬ӦигһĶӣҲղŴ绰λǿĸࡣ
ǿʲôˣСģղ˵һƬû˸Ҳӵġϴиʲôξؼ̽ףǿ緢ìܣӲظҽԺȥˡ˵Ź۾ˣǲС⣬˼ȴһҲûС
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ȻҲǳȥˣղŵı֣Ȼǲܵģôʱ䣬˵Ļûˡ
뵽ԺСֲٵˣԽȥԽԼһۣмĸˣŭŬ죬˼˵䳡滰ͳˡȻ̫Ӳǲܹɣ
˶֪Сʱ뷨򶫡˵ıӼᶨװƣҪȻôôˣûдй˵ˣ绰ûнӵһ
򶫿СʾԺ󣬵ٵȥˡСѾˣҪǻȥĶߴ磬ǿǴĲھ˵ٺڶԱķŵĻһСѾͷĻ˵һһ䡣˷˾ȥ̽ˣվ֮˵еİڷ˵ٴĸŮɶˡȻֻǵ;˵˭ҲûƼٺԸǾֶΣûпܣֲģ˵Ҳ㲻ؼʤࡣ
ǰһ˵λҲˣҲ˵ˣǸ˰ɣǴ⣬Ӱ˼⣬ҪǱ֪ǲá˼ҵһĶֵأʲôġ
򶫲ϽˣһֱԷĵϸ԰ٺ˳ҲǸԼ·ղǻ˵˾ǣȻץģȴȫ㵽ҵͷϣϾҲˡ
С⻰Ժɫ͵һ±ˣôҲ벻ʱϵ׳һʧȥǣ޲ȥͣǺڼˣ֪Ͳˣǳ²ࡣ뵽ԺСҲ˲ˣȵ顭ֳøȥɣĶôķϻ


İ ҵ汳
һ㶣漴˹СѾͷһǹԼݵˣ룬Ҳܹңµ飬ҸƨɣҾͰϵҲӴϣҲûѽȻ룬ҪӵģϺһߴٵ㣬߰ɣ
ʱ޿ΪղźѾһOKƣҲ˵ǵϾҪˡϳ˵Ҫƫأ׼ô
ǾƲԳԷƣɾ͹ֲˡӱԷһϷŪҲǷŭ˼㣬ΪҪǣѾȫȷϣԷһȺɫļһڸղ̫ԷˣŪһȺǰû˾ֳϡ
ٺһϻһˣźľ˵ҰڶŹϮļһȥúò飡Ѻú˵úأ˼Ҳó
վһߵЩСͶϺһܲðˣȥѵһˣκξֳûֻиɵ۵ķݡھֳȻˣȻûٺͶԷĵһǰȥ·ȥ칦һ㡣ʵҲô˵ѾֳˣԺûΪѡ
ЩСһļˣî˾׼ֵʱֻصһ죬ű߿ˡ漴ǰʮȫװؾǾԽܵǣЩؾ΢ǹָǵͷ壬Щ׼ץ˵ľ졣
򶫼һ㶣漴Ӧ˹æǰһЦ˵ֵǣᣬһˣһˡ
˫ֱͷվӵؾӳȵ˵⻰ͬʱǹڶ׼򶫵ͷ­
Ķƣæ˫ֱͷϣԹԵߵһȥˡӳ״ǹתȥֻ⣬ǶӳֳѾȫǿƣָʾ
ãԭشһӳ˵漴ҿһž˽Ժ󣬿һڵȻֱߵϺһ˸ǰʵλǺŮʿ
һ̧һȻһ࣬Ҳ˵ǸϵղǸؾӳΪֳӦӦйֵľֳʱѾϳˣǰһĵЦ˵֣ãǰСѽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲һûסЦ򶫿ȥôҲñֳϣȻԳСˡ
ոսλӦйֵľֳ㣬򶫵ĻֻбһۣδǡֱΪֹ㻹û⾿ôһ£ǰһûйϵȻǡ
ղڲμһӦ꣬ƸտʼȣͻȻӵʡθĵ绰˵ʡҪ쵼ٽԷ˵飬ھ͸Ϲȥһ¡
һ⻰ͷˣΪӦеĹ־ֳϢӦʡίʡڵأǶǾ֮أЩ飬ƣӦεãȻʡҪ쵼ֻͷĺֱðƺζʲô
˴һ¶Է˭֪θ˵Ҳֻ֪֪ԷպһʮҵŮӡ
⻰Ժʶ´ˣʡҪ쵼պʮҵŮӣۺ⼸ϢҵˣһʡίǺҢŮ
뵽Ժæŵ绰˵쵼ģȥұ֤С㲻κ⡣
Ϊθ˵ٻ˭֪绰ﴫһ仰ץʱ䣬ҪǳʲôĻǿɾͶ鷳ˡﵱУ硣뵽Ů˭Ȼ벻ԲŻ˵һ⻰Ժټû˵˵˵绰
ʻԺ󣬳ŶԷ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵ֳãСŮպ֪Ƿң
룬⻰˵ɣҲ㣬õŸʮ๫·һؾжӵľĪҳԱ˳ŵġԭȥ鹤һʹһԶٷ
ӵ绰Ժ˾žʧȥϣֱӴһ绰ؾӣǸϵٽˣ˰ģϾʮ๫·أûг
Ůʿã˵Ȼ˵Ӧйǰİȫ
ĻԺСǱߵ˴סˣ֪ʲô飬ǰһĻǲĵӰΪϻˣǵȻϹϾվڸղźìܵǸŮӸǰǺҲӦйϵͳϴѽھȻһȥŮӾ񣬻˵ʲôΣôˣ
ҲͻȻһסˣ룬δҲ̫һɣתһ룬˶Է˼һԼ񣬿Ϊóһ㣬һЩһ￴ġ
뵽Ժ󣬺˵ֳˣҵûʲô顣ֻϹ͵ܵܺһ㲻죬λʲôֳҪ˴ߣȥһ¡
˺ϵĻŷֻҪǵǧûʲô飬һжð졣תϺһһ˵˼޷λ鷳ˣԵȣĳȥ
ϺһĻ󣬶΢΢˵ͷ˼ǸӣȻٶ˵ʲôˡ
ղŻһ򶫣ʱңҪԱһľһƨڵˡΪʲôղСеʱ˼̨ڿ׼ô⣬һֱûаСɫ⵹Ҳǣһ绰оֵľֳϵֳôСС־ֵľֳˣѾΪʱˡ
ߵ򶫵ǰļ򣬰ͷ͵ĶʣЦݵ˵ҪԼȥҵ汳˵꣬ǵļ¡˿ȥΪǵĹϵء
ĻԺ򶫵ɫɻתףǳ˵ֲҰףæ͵֡ǡǸġ
⻰Ժŭ˵˵ˣʲôǵģЩйϵǷŭ˼㣬Ҳ˼ʲôݣʲôгΣԴżˡ
򶫱Էһæ촽գʶشס죬ǶܲԣԶƵġϹϾվǰ·һ˴Сѧվʦǰһ㡣
ʵô£Щʲô˵ָָվľ졣


İ ТΪ
Щ˱ָԺʶȥȴûгɹΪǶǽܺʵֲᴩǽԭԴЩؾԺǾѾ˵ǽߣʱĶеطˣ
ǡǽӵ˱ԡ򶫴ʱñһ˿֮ġ
ˣٻشҵ⡣Ӧй־ֳݣں˵ˮ۵򶫣ŭ˵޲ȥ⣬ѾʲôʱˣȻҲҴš
ĻԺһ޲øԼһӡ˼ҿоֵһ־ֳǱߵ˶ҪģԼȻɻأǵ˻ƺӻģ½˶֪ôġ
Ժæ˵֣ԲģҸղŽӵŶҸղŽӵСͬ־ĵ绰ȻҾͽ˼ֵֵܹˣȻ󡭡漴Ѹղŷ飬һһʮ˵˳
ﳤһã鲢ôأһлڿԿƵķΧڡ˵ģ˫ҲһЩͻȻǵүִһС죬ߵ˲ûж֣Ļͺðˡ
˵֮ǰǸŮǱʲôͻ˫ԱӦҲûʲô⡣Կ϶һŮߵ˳˿Ҳ
Ժһ£ʵûʲô˵ģؼǱҪһʲôĽе㵣ģЩ̫ӡǶǷǳģһһЩ޷ﵽҪ˿ɾˡô˵ϱܹҪŵģݣϡϵλȥ
˸ǰ˵ŮʿľѾ˽ˣҴλǸû˽ǻȥԺһദ֪λʲôûУ
Ͽ˺һۣȻ˵ֳ˼鷳ˣ˵İ죬ûʲôˣ˵ҸղŶˣȷʵҲвԣǵǸͬ־Ժ˵ʱŸɾһ㣬ܲԼĸĸ˺һТΪȣһĸ֪أ˵һ㣬Ͳˡ
⻰˵úأΪղǸС˵ĸĸղźݺݽѵҪϾɱ֪һ˵СˣľֳǾԲĵġ
æ˵лѣһȥԺһٿӻ飬о顣˵⻰ͬʱһѾɨһۡ
һɨԺĸ˵ֻǻڵʹͷ۾Ьӣ·˻Ƶġ⣬˶߰ͷеҡҡͷԴ˱ҡ
ͣԺ˵֪Ƿϵʽң˽Һüʱ㱨һҲһ˳ظо¶˵ˣⲻһѣпܳΪһᣬÿйֳлӴʡίǵŮŮġ
ϵȻ׶Է˼һ˵ɣǻ飬Ӧ죬ֵҪһʱ䣬Ժϵ˵ŤͷһǸ˾ƵȻ֪һӦ죬йֳӦǿܻ᷽ࡣ
⻰Ժæתһһֻ뱨˶Է¼Ժ󣬳˵λ˼ҵĹûãǴ鷳£˵⻰Ժؾ˵ȫҴȥϮ쵼һҪúò¡
һ϶һۣȻʼ磬ֳƮƮһ仰⼸궼пܵġ
С⻰ԺʶأҪǱȥĻɲ֮ǰǰոͳˣضпܵġֻ֪ǸܹԼæź˵㣬Ǹղģɲѽ˵Һλ֮仹һԼأ
ԺļŮҲæں˵㣬Ǻģ˲С˹ǰɣǴʱƵģֳҪǳǸŮģҲġ
⻰Ժ󣬺ܲͷ˵Ķôϻȫߣ
С⻰Ժ󣬸ǴѽжԼģ㲻˵ѽǿɲѽ
⻰Ժ۵һЦ˳⼸ҪǱȺߵĻһģһ¡ֳΪǰɨأҪǲǳе˵ȥǸֳһΪǵԼĻָ顣
뵽Ժ󣬺Ҳ֮ģ˵ֳֳȫ߰ɣҺ⼸СѻлҪ˵
⻰Ժһ룬Ķѽ⼸һֵìܣҪٷʲô飬ҿǳԲ˶ˣɴñҲҪˡź˵Ůʿ¡¡
һΪѵӣ˵ֳͰɩ˵İɣģµġղҴǸСֵһͣеۣҵ˵˵⣬źɩҲǸСе㻰Ҫ˵
⻰Ժ԰Էͨ⻰ǸǸûа⼸СëͲҪˡ
״Ժ󣬶Ժ˵ŮʿҾ͹ˣʲôĻֱӸҴ绰ֵܣҴֻһҵĺ롣ĺȻǳһ˵ġ
˵⻰ԺѸٵͳֻ˸ղŴȥһĺ룬˷ͼֱһֻöŷĵذֻŽ´ת˵ˣȥо֡ϵ˴һкת뿪˰䡣һӲо춼ʧøɸɾ
СǱϽŵɫʱŻ˸һ͵һʱʶ黹ûءСֻʱذҪиضĻһԥȥȻԸҲֻý߹
ȡȿȡСװûֻӲͷƤ˵λ㣬ղŸлȣС۲ʶ̩ɽ֮£˵ŻźϾһƽʱŰӣʱװʮһҲ
Щںϡ֣Щǰǰ棬ɾࡣЦ˵Сãһ㶼Ҫл㣬Ϊ֮û˽ߣղ˵ģ֮仹һԼأĵûСʮأȥԺˣ˵ǰɣ
Ͻ㣬ǵģɬأ벻Ǯˣ̫ˡ֣װĵ˵


İ һ޶Ƿ
С⻰ԺƣǸղ˵ĻͲܲˣתͷǸͷһۣ˼Ǽһǧ̣ʱѪƺҲ˵ùȥϸ˵¿
ͷȻǲˬҲòˣСǵͷ˵ֵĲٹ̶ǿٺģԲܴĸǶ˵¿
ͷǰһ˵λ㣬⿨ʮ飬Ұֽմȥģǡ
˵⣬ϰʳָǰһĶȻ˵ֺǮѽºйϵҹһȥˣ㡣
ͷ⻰ԺɫһڣвʣǹԹԵվһȥˡ֮ǰ˵ǻЩȻһҲɵ˼ҵʵղѾչʾˣܺģڳ˷⣬Ӧñѡˡ
ͷȥԺ󣬺ϳС˵ãҪǽûмǴĻղźӶĵĿǿʮǮǮǮǲһģҪɣϱ˵ߺݺݵصСࡣ
Ϊˣ̫С˵ıˣҪʰǣͰʰ÷ģǿͺ£ڰԶ⿴㣬Ƶߡ˵ҪľЧ
Сʱɫͨ죬·ô˱˰·һ㣬ɺתϣϵңһƬҰסǿôʮô࣬˵ƽʱٺǮҲôǱķ֪·ӣϸľã㻨ǮıϣСҪϹ죬˭֪ѲסС˵еͷƽʱòǮͷǸŮﶼǳʵҲԸóǮͽС
ϵҲżеغŲ裬ҪʱСһ㡣
ԺС˵ҵĿûôǮԡ
⻰Ժ󣬹ʵղ˵ʲôûһѽӦòֹʮ˰ɣỹô߰ɣ
ҡҿءûôǮءС˵Ȼ˵⻰Ժ
ס죬Ҫٿһ绰ǸֳߡϴȵͬŮˣСȻͨһ޶ϵɻأҪǳһףǿϹˡ
С⻰Ժ󣬳ˣᣬԺ˵λ㣬СҲ㲻ˣûôˡеģҷǿ磬ŮģӽԺҾͷˡʮǮʱǿ϶ûУ˵ô죬ҪɱҪУҲԲһüͷ
Ц˵Сãղ˵Щɱѽѽģ㵨Сˡ˵Ժɫһ˵֪˵ĸҪԶţأ
ʱСĶаΥƵģͷͣ
ȻҲϿ۵㣬Ǿͺðˡ˵ղҲ˵ˣʮǮʱûСҲָϾɱˣɣǷʲôʱˣ͹ȻٰǷ㣬㿴ô
СһԷȻֻǷˣûҪæʾϿɡ
ϳվһߵķԱ˵Ա鷳øֽλСҪдǷ
ԱʱҲѹԭ⼸λһֱһģǺݽɫķԸԺæȥȡֽˡ
СӹԱݹֽʣˢˢдһǷѧʱҪ澢Ҳ䵽ز
ϽӹǷۣȻʾСѱʵݹʱС׸ĸĶа㷴ϽӹʣǷּһȻݸССдǡپڼ䣬ֻҪһ۸ˣһ֣ǷǵһԪ
СһԺüͷһҪ˵ͬˣֲҿڣԥ֮ʣʵôѣҪǲǾһ˵㣿
С⻰Ժɫæ˵㣬ˣû⣬ֻдĿһ㣬Ա档
Ŷԭô£гû˰ɣǾùɡϱ˵С֡СȻԸҲ޿κΣֻð¶һ޶Ƿݻ˺ϡ
ϽӹǷԺ󣬲ûˣ˳ָ֣˵ӣ컹Ҫȥ飬ⶫȷˡҶŵСã˵ǻܷһء
㣬ͷİɣС£һࡣ֣ЦŴ
תСһۣ˵ǵˣ浽µǸСֵˡϹһǿŰɣ˵⻰Ժ󣬺ӣߵ֣ߴߴ˵Ļ·޹ϵƵġ
С˺ϵĻųһȻһǷҲû飬ҿղһûбЩߣҪȻɾ鷳ˡҪȥӦйֵĻϵֱӳ涼뵽ԺСֻú쬵ġ
СΪƵǣΪֹûиԷǺηʥҲǴҾ˵ģ֪ôġҪǴȥĻԺһƬȥˡ
СȻˣɿǸͷˣнϣϰֽнӦҲһǸСͷͶٺԺ󣬸ں淢˲ٲƣҲǰͷ֮һˡӸٺĺ죬ȻҲСˣʱ䳤ԺҲʶνˣ˲ټʶؾԼҲǸ
벻첻ⱻ˼һ٣֪˼׼ôԸأ뵽⣬ײǽ˼ˡĿǰײǽҲõԺ󣬲лᡣ
ղС˽ϲСʾʱˣʲôУΪʱģǰе鶼ʵʵȻôô졣ò˳ҲôصģӦòʲô̫⣬ҰοΨһˡ
Ժ󣬽Ҳĥߴˣǰһˬ˵λ磬ղСܲ£çײ˶λ磬ԸԸСܶˣλ
⻰ԺϺһһۣ벻СӾȻҲѧǸŮһղźϵǺð죬ϾһԼǸطԴ¡ʲôҲûУһӻ治ôԸСӣϾȥһˡϻ˵úãɱ˲ͷأڶԸѾ׷ˣٴȥĻɾе˵ȥˡ


İ èϷ
һһƿձԱ򿪻ûüƱҺͷһŬ죬Ȼ˵ƿƣˣ֮ˡëҲûУ첻̫ɾþƾģҲǶ֢ҩˡ
Ͽһƿ͸Һ壬ײǽ˼ˡƽʱȻھƸݣҪһһƿɵƾͺȲҲ˰ˡ治˵ȣĻ˼ҿֱһ绰Ϳʮƽ׵СϺü£ġ
ڽԽתڴʱһ˵ôȲȥǾһƿҪǲĻǶмƿء˵ָָԱǰֽӡ
ˣˣͺȣҧ˵֪ʱô룬Ҳǰ׷Ļ˼ҳԶǣȻҲûּۻ۵ʱˡ۽ƿҺǰƶӣ·Ƕվŵһа֣ǸΪ˼֣ǷϵͯͯŮ
ϺòŲ˾ԣֲΡΡץƿǧʯһ㣬ؾ̧ƿĿڽƽ졣׼ʹһʱͻȻһţ
һԺѸٰѾƿŵϣæ򷢳˿ȥ֮ˣȻϣֿ˻λȻԼһˡ뵽Ժæ˵лλ磬ֻ֪̽СܵĳĵģôҰһƿƺȥأҺֵѽ
˾޴ѹһڣƵģžžһ󴮡ͨƨѶԷˣӶﵽһĿġ
ȻǴˣĻЦ˵ֵܣ̧̫Լˣ㿴ֵǹ㿪Ц˵Ժͣһ£˵ղŵĺ䵹˵ˣɲһľƣܹģǵľƣƾʲôҪأ
⻰Ժ˹˼Һͣͬ׼һ׼Ѫƺܹ󣬲ǵģƾʲôȣʾѾȷҲɵӣȻóԷе˼
ϴʱĶֻӺˮķˣĶ˵֡æǰһС˵ƣһǮܿ˰ɣ
ϼСӻ·ӣǵ˵ͷ˵ҪǮҲǲԣƿɹǲٵһ£
ܶҶˡҧ˵Ѿ׶Է˼ȻںǮֻ¡èϷϷʵһҲ棬ؼֻèϷ
⻰˵ģ۰ɣϱ˵򽪴ʳָָϻһΪѵı顣˼ǣҸԸʵҪ򣬲Ҳſ۵ġ
ϼ룬ĺѽһƿҺȻҪǧ֪ԷʵҪۣҲҲӦˬ˵ҼȻˣûκǧǮˡ
ϵ˶ͶȥͬĿ⣬ҪӶǧǮƿƣȻҪһȥҪ˵ȥĻûм˻ţȴʵʵڵطˡ
ϵҲɴ࣬˵ͱ´ǮȥˡƤӳУ׼򿪵ʱϵ˵ƿƾֵֻǧǮҪأ
⻰⽪סˣڳÿ˶Ŀ࣬Ա翴Ϸһ㣬ζǰһĻڹʵĹϵǶھƵļ۸ǱȽġ˵ƿҺļֵƣԵǧڵ˿ǧļԺ󣬶ԷȻ˵ǮֻҪģ˾е㲻˼ˣҪ٣뵽ԺԱŴ죬һ˵Ǯ˲ǮǮ죬㿪۽ˡ
һ֣һۣҲͶȥ˲Ŀ⣬Цųҡҡͷ˼ǣż¿֪Īޣ֪һĿġ
⻰ԺһƬң˼ĭԺ󣬼ѵ˵ǡǴ˼ǡ򣿡
ôˣһɵ˵ҪԸʮĻҲûʲô
⡭δ⡭Ÿ֧֧ģ˵
δʲôģ浽ˣӻأҪ⳥ѽ˼СһֱվⵣµģҪѹѽ˵ûʶǶûУô죬ˬ˵лǲУϲͷ˵
ϴʱܾС¹һ㣬ϹˣĻ֮̿ɫæ˵УУ磬˵İ죬򣬲Ҹǰûôֽ𣡡
ղŲ԰ڹǿʮأߵѣȥȡǮȺȾơǮû£ҿɲˣˬ㣬ɣ׼ʼһỹҪԷأˡˬ˵
ǸѽԼղ˼ҺСʱ򣬲ʲô죬ºˣһſڣûˡƤ·Żص´ӿ㶵ͳղŵſݸߵкȥȡǮ
һ˾ƿѧˣ׼ƿˣĻȽǺšֻ棬ȻһץƱͷֱ浹ȥһ򣬾ƲŵֻģһֻЩ˳ʱ϶ôϣһֳþƱѣͲҪȥˡ
˺һԺ󣬽϶еһƣ͵ڵȥˡˣżԺ󣬾ƱڼˡϣֻôӺθջǵģ˵ܡ۾ԺһơⱭټֲͣĲپ˳ϺһȻҲûкͼƽϡ
ϼѵؾƱﵹȥεٶԱȸղ࣬˺һᣬźȥһ롣ֻ͵ؿȿϺľһ˳žһҵĿԣһˮʲôģȫˡŮæݹȥְֽ˽ŵһͲԺڰϴɾǿȻûֹסڿȿȡȿȸͣ
С״ʱҪٲڵĻʵ˵ȥˣϾҲΪͷһٸԸ򣬵ʱȴòվҪȻԺ˭ء
Сǰһ˵λ磬ʵǺȲȥˣҪλԾòĻԻһķͷС˵⻰ʱ򣬿ǲ򵥣˺һ˵ڣĶ˵òԵģʱöԷȻŭɾͳԲ˶ˡ
һһۣȻʵһҲòһȥˣҪһʲô飬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
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ҲжȣȻҲٺˣѾ˼ˡô죬ξҪԣܾŹˣҪȻ˼죬Щһֻſˡ
͵ؾǰһЦŽ˵Ȳȥˣ
æͷһ£漴ҡҡͷȻȲȥˣǸĶԷʲôķĻȾˡʱѾתˣʵھˡ
С״æ˵磬Ĳٺˣ㿴Ƕе㲻ˣ֪õͷҡͷˡСͨղһߵĹ۲죬ҲȻͷܴ󣬵֮ˣڽѾߡƵ£Բֵġ
Ҳ֪С˼ȷʵ֧ŲסˣҲСͷһᣬһأ˾ʱпԵڵءվŮæǰһطס˵һǽϵŮѣ׼ȷ˵ӡ
ãȻȲȥˣҲΪⱭƱߣƱϴʲôģ˼ҷģҿͲҪˣ컹ҪٻҲ鷳˼Ҳ鷳˵⻰Ժ󣬳ԱָָǰĲ豭˼Ǽӵˮ
Ů״æóСˮƿ첽˹
ϵĻԺСһղŵжϻǺ׼ģԷȻûٹΪѽϡڻԷǷֵˣ˼ǾƺȲûйϵǱߣþƱʲôġⲻǸ˳𣬼ȻߣôȥأСֻԽе㲻ã֪Է«ʲôҩ
Сɻ󲻽֮ʣϿ˵ˣһ֣˵˼Сܶˣл̧֣лˣ˵⻰Ժ󣬽ղźʣµǰ뱭ƣԼĲ촦˽ȥúӵĹŰѱоƵΪľǲũľ·ݣǺ䣬ҪǶĻɾͲˡ
ϰⱭȫ׵صԼԺ󣬸ղȥȡǮǼһ˽ѿǮһ뽻˽ϡϰѿ´һȻǮݸϣ첻˵磬Ӧò١
Ц˵ˣСǮһŵùġ˵߳ǽߵСԱ֡Ůһۣŵ˹ȥǻ벻ʱϽʲô¡
ߵǰԺϰеǮֳ룬ֱݸԱ˵ǸǷܾˣǸǵľʧѡ
СԱ⻰Ժŵɫҡ˵ҪҪǲҪ
Цǵľţû£ǮҸǵģκζûйϵҪ˭鷳ĻҶצӡ˵ʱɫھЩһҪٸʲôСҪˡ
СԱ⻰Ժ󣬲ŻϲصؽӹһǮǶǽ¸бҵԺ󣬸մӼӦ򹤵ģĶôǮﶼ֪Ķˡ
С˼״ǲˬҲ޿κΡź˵㣬ڴͽϵ飬Ѿˣǲǿˣ
װʵ𣿡
С⻰Ժߵͨ죬Ҳ˵֡عͷĸ˵ߣ˵꣬ͷǰȥǮļһͽϵǸŮһ˲һ첲ſȥղŽʱڣڳȥʱǴͷɥ
еʱȷʵ̫ԼˣĻһͷȥº
ǸߵſڵʱͻȻеǼˣӦ컹дʱ䣬ñٿˣĻʲôǶģ
Ļ󣬼æͷǣҲûʲôԸŴȥһ̻ɥ֮ȮٽĴԺѸһ񳵣ʧҹɫСҹãȻʱţҲк˴۵ʱǺ󻰣ʱ
˳ȥԺ󣬰»ָ˰ôһڣҲĳʲôˣֻǲݲݵҪ˼ˣѶꡣԱ쳣飬˼ëϲ˵ٶҲǳǮħǲһ㡣
˼Ҫ֮ʣͻȻ˶һۣһӲ֪ô£ѵȺ֪ļһȻȥǲĶ˸ˣһӡһվ˵Ŀƣ˫ȭգս׼ΪٹĻһбǧܵġ
˾ǣľȻǸղٽľһһһҲͷ˾裬һƨǲܷʲôġ
ʵһҲϾһʼͳˣô飬ΪĴһֱûг棬˼ҰһжƽˣʱֺܳԣôأԼ뷨ȴòΪϰģҪнˮܸߣźĹˡϰʮ֮ǰոջѸղŷ⽭һĻϸ˻㱨
ٽϰ˵ӦйֳȻؾӵԷ˳һеʧӦ߻֮ؿһôĳӣȻҲǺееģϰʶ˵ϸһ飬ҲҲһܴ绰о־ֳؾӹæˡò˼ǣԷͲʶ㣬Ҳ˵˼绰ǴġһĻͷɾͲˣȻҲһݽʶ֮ġ
ǰһ˵λѸղǵˣҳȥһᣬ벻Ȼô飬ǾƵʧְҴٽϰѾȫԱλⲻˡ
ǰɣбһ˵ûǱҪⲻǣǵ±ͺǾƵûʲôϵֻֻϲˣǵǳٴ飬Ҳûʲôϵ԰ɣ
⻰Ϻһһģ˼ȻڴΪٽѵʳܷͣʲôĻ㷹궼ж˵Σµ򣬻Ϊ䣬ǺͷĹϵ͸ܲɷ֡
һ˵λдһʶҲ֪˵ǸʵҲǸ߼СǺǣ£ӣղſۼߵƽʱһЩǣ÷ģĸС
һ˵ϻ治˵ʲôˣԼǴˣܲܺ˵Ľɡ


İ ӦĹ
һһ߼ЦǾҲգҲãǶûʲôϵɣˣǲǵˣһ˵Ŀģǲ;ˣҲƽϲʲôá
ǣǣλϰˡЦ˵ղŵǾƵķӦܲʱǴ鷳ٷ룬Ǹλѹġ⣬ϰ廹뼸λ
ǳԺ˰ɣϿʵ˶˵ͷ
һԱ֣ǵ˸ǰԺ˵˾򵥡Ա˺һۣΪѡһ󣬳ź˵򵥵Ȩܻаɣ
УУǡ첻֪οڲźáԱ⻰ԺæӹһݹǮȥˡ
ȷԱԺ󣬺컹һŬ˭֪˼һǮӵˣֱվȥ
һ棬ߵſڵʱתź˵СøղҸ˵СѣǸǵģǾƵûκιϵҼˡ
˵ߵ˶Էһۡ˵ԺСдǷõֽʣˢˢʣдֻ룬һŮУȻת첽׷ǰȥ
һĿģǷֹƵ귽۸ԱѸղϸǵǮѹեȥĻղϵһɾͰ׷ˣ˵Ƶϰ廹治ô˷ġ֪ղһУҪύһȴԹԳݣøܲ룬Լ̲ˣߵŹ֡
һ֣ٽſںϡϵټϳԺϷ޲ŷص˾ƵꡣһСԺ󣬻ػ˳ȥתŵһ˲䣬һȻſڵɣ棬ȻȫװؾӦþǸղźȥؾ֮һ⣬ǷϺͺϵģһҹһǽˡ
һתͷİ֣֣ɨһۣ˵ҲãǲҪ֪ͨأϵ飬һе㲻ģһҪʲô顭
һһ㶣æʵǵĸղǼٻȥҿӦûôĵɣ
ǺǣôᵣǼëأǻû֪ߵغأҲиʲôϵ졣Ҫǳͷ类˼ҳԵͷӶʣˡ֣˵
ǼȻǣǻʲôõĵġһʵϸͺϽ·ɻͺǴһ𣬳⼸ûкʲôӴѽ˵ƾͷ붯ǵˣõ
֣⻰Ժһ£תͷһ֪ϸͺϽΪʲôҪȥʡչڻأҪ֪ҪķչĻ涼᷽࣬仰˵ջҲܶࡣ
һ૵˵ѽҲ׼أڻʡ硢ҪǼӣȻҲҪࡣ
֣һĻ󣬲ûǻǰڳϣ˳˼Ժ˵ѽȷʵ˵ģڻʡĻҪչĻҪ࣬һ顣㻹ǵҵҪӦʱҰǽԵģ󲻵ѲͬġҲµòĻүӵ̬֮ôǿӲҲϸͺϽ㵱µĻһϵҲͽȥ
һ֣˵أ뵽һʲô飬Ļô˵
֣·˻У˺һᣬſʵӦ˺üѧû˵ӦĹӣ
һʻԺ˵Ȼ˵ҼǵҸյѧʱиһҾӦģ˵ĹйټӵܣӦ׸Ķӣģǲ̫ˡ
ţ˵ףһʡĹӣӦίίҵģһղ˵Ӧ׸Ķ硣֣˵һ£ĸ˽һܸɳʲô
һʾصͷĹٶ͸һĹ̥ܸɳʲôŹء
֣˵ʱϸͺϽſʼ̸һκĹӵеһһ𣬾Ӧ֯ĶӡҲ֪ЩɫһЩңǵǾ²ģǾͶźϽ˵˵֮ǰʶϽ㣬һֱϼҳ󣬲ûдںߡϸȻ˾ʹһ𡣡
֣˵Ժ󣬿ų⣬˿Ȼ˵˫͸ˣԷ˿Ǿͽ˰֣Ӷˣ˶ʮǺļһϸ統ȻҲԴУ˸绰ұ磬ϴμĳԶӥͻӵġ֣˵Ժͣһһ
һ˵ԺѾ֪ν˵ĽˣϴںǼʶԶֵģԷȻ˶࣬ԲǵĶ֡
һʵĽȻֻ˹ǵµȴǱߵˡ֣˵ԷһƲԣ绰֣ͺͽһһؾĹ棬һ˵İְӦίǣʵġ
ϸȻҲϳԿǣ˸绰ӥͻӶӳУǺǣ֣Ц˵ӳ֪ϸݣҲ֪¬˾ĹϵǴһжӵ˹ˣ¾ôִˣ˫ƣûóͻ
һԺֻú쬵ģ벻ǰƽӦǾȻйôĶԼǵϴѧĳһϣǹʵʿĺ·ɳ۶ʱͬѧЦ˵Щû¸ɣҹľȻϰ벻˼ҸǸʲôϰǸϹȥʰ죬ҪǴĻĹ˵ġһ뵽Ժ󣬳֣ʵأ
ʲôȫ˲ӣԼ˰Ժ󣬱ƽ˾ţ꣬񡣺ȥĶҾͲ֪ˡ֣˵
һһ㶣æʵӦòѽϣӦûմʲôѽôᡭ
Ǻǣ˵һûȻûմκαˣ˵ӲʱиһﲻСĻˤ˸첲֣˵ûиʲôǹͬ־ǺܸεģǴӲӹԺ󣬴ʮԺʼһĻɾͶˣҪкǲܳ˵ء
һ󣬲ԭô£⻹ӦǾϻ˻ĥǲʱδʱһһнԱ


İ ؾ
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ŵĻԺһΪʲô˻ʡˣȥλүӣԭǲԸǲҡһʵ˵Ѿǰˣղ˵ǵİȫʲô˼أ
֣أһ˵Ҹղ˵ϴκͻĹӵеһҲûᵽ
ţҸղŻ׼ģˡô£ʱһΪʲôû£ɽ̫ʵˣһںԼ˵ȻҪأôģô˵
ô˵ɣҲȫ֣һ£˵Ƿͻʱλڶ̸⣬ԲûвУ⣬Ҳղµĺ̨ȷʵȽԺڲЩʱԶͰԵˡ
λʡҵģһʵΪղ֣˵ĹΪ׵λĳλʡҵĹӡ
֣˵ͷȻ˵ϵλӦ˵ɣʡʸϵĸʡԿܡ֣ͣԺ󣬼˵ôˣûлǨҲ͵ǼһĹϵΪϰ˵еϵģҲⲮͺϸͺϽ뿪ʡһҪԭ⣬ڻʡںüɹȻʡϵ̸ڣеλ˼Ҳǲò
һԺص˵ͷȷʵˣ˼ûа취ڱͱӵĻǿǷʤһ뵽ԺԺ͵سһˣ֣˵˵Ĺ֮׵ľлǿ
֣һ㶣æʵô֪֣ʶǡ֣ŵ˼⡣лǿӦڿ˵ǳ֣浣һʲôᣬԺǽš
һ֪ˣæ˵û£ںʱϰѴ޲ҵĴŽܹȥ㷿زʱһأҺȥֳʱлǿʶгĹӣǰձץǸлǿԺ󣬲ûж˵ʲôˣҲûٴǿص⡣
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˼ǵлǿԶԸϸǣһʵ
֣˵ǵģʼʱǸС˵ʲôǿ硢ǿ磬Ҿˣֱ;и˵ߴļһһͿȷˣ⼸ȷʵлǿеϵҪûмǴĻǸһǸлǿġǰʱ䣬лǿ׷̨ƵһСˣҼǼһȥ͹
֣˵⣬һȫ˼ֲô˽ֳȥԺǰ˵̬ȾıˣǸͷŮ֣ƺм⣬ԭ֢أһȻ
ǼһҲϳϸ㣬ûҽӲ磬ֱӻ˳ȥ֣Ц˵
˱˵ģ䣬Ѿˡһѳ⣬Ժһ˼š
һ̫ˣһһũҵӵ˵һش¼֣ѾȻΣ˯ȫޣȫϷ飬Լ֣Щš
һͷҪ֣˵ĻһֵòС˫ϵأΪ˶ɴӦǻʡʡᣬҲǻĹΪĸʡееһҵĵطܻ쵽ίίɲһ򵥵飬ΪС֮øӡȥ³ǲֵ
ٳʱӵ˵һŲ̽䣬һҲΪʱһ޷Ԥƻ߿ȥ΢Сʧ󣬾ܵձ̵Ľ
΢ҹһֻĪķ꣬ǲˬͷ϶Щϸܵĺ顣ʱᵽˣ͸߹ٳؾк壺ıԨ
ҹһҪˬ˺ܶ࣬ǼϡϺݺݴļ⣬ʡʡԿܵĹлǿ֮һŮʱһ棬ټİ䣬豸µģܸǴʱû˼ȥעЩ
辿ûпôأлǿŹʵϹʮ֮ڲ׼Ӧ𣿡
ǿ磬ҿϴôϴأꡭ˵ɲϣлǿΪҲɲá
꣬ѽվлǿߵĺ費֪ǿΪ£˲ٿͷᣡ
벻صһۣҲûл֪лǿԵ»Īղ鼱֮˵©죬øһץסѱˡƽʱ˾ͲôԸᣬȻŹ롣
лǿʱһۣȫϺͺϵϡ˵µӡʵ̫ˣҪãһ٣龰
񻹼ǵãһ˲ƵֵܣӥͻӵӪʱ龰һƵġ˿ȥģʲôڣһֱǶû˵ǱӪԺ󣬾ʲôڼԺѾ˲ˣڼͺͷ˲࣬һϸҳŰ벽
뵽ԺлǿˣԹ˵ӣȥ绰Сھ͹
⻰ԺߵŮˣǰⲻͣлǿĥ䣬˵ǿ磬ǲ𣬸Ǹɧһ˵ǣҪûأҪƨûƨɵģһɻ
ǵĻлǿͷµӹһȥϻҼСǡ
ŮһлǿˣһۣԹԵһȥˡ̫лǿΪˣֻҪ˵Ļó


İ ҴҶȥ
ʮӣСͳ˰档׼ľлǿҡҡ֣˵ɥľϸ˵һ顣
СлǿһأĶԣһһʮذľ˵˳
лǿʵ˵Ժһ䣬λǺŮʿҲ˵ʶϣ
ϣСлǿ·ԺԷ˳ƺŮ˵֣Ǿʲôһӻ벻ˡ
ŶԣǺĵǸŮˡлǿͷ˵
С󣬿϶ص˵ͷ֮ǰЩؾĶ̫ˣǺڶǹֱָͷεǵú
ˣˣģ겻ɢлǿƱľһںȾȻžһֻµĸ߽ű˵ذϡ
̧ͷǰŮŮ˵һˣʱ䶼Ұһ㣬ճ£˵ģĻԶ㣬ˣɱûǣ
лǿĻһ϶ֳŵı飬ǵӡУǿû¹κˣѵΡ
ڶһ磬֣ͽӵ˺ϵĵ绰˵Ƿ׼뿪ӦˣʡļߣһΣһ߿ûʲôطʺͶʵġ֣Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǻӦʱٺϵ˵ʱһϵ
֣ӵ绰ʱһѾ绰Ժæʵôôأûʲôɣ
ӦûУֳһ㶯λү֪ǰ֮ˡ֣˵Է֮ǰ˺Ͻ䣬׼ˣʡǱߵֻܲʱûҺλү˵˵̽ڷءҪʱٸʲô꣬Ƕػˡ
֣ĻһееĵˣټӵҲףĶĸͲأǺǣ뵽Ժһһ˿֮Сתһ룬ⲻһҰοˣ˼һʲôķչռ䣬ͨϰռҵŮʲôһΪţ
Լ˵ҪǻԵɺϣ־Ƶ飬ֺ֣飬ڻںίأ¶ҲһƳˡ˵ǸƳʵֻһɼļں֯ûбģ˵ˣǵλԼģҸǲϿɵġ
뵽Ժһе㲻ˣʵأҳ˵ģȻܸı䣬ǾŬӦɣ
ں˼֮ʣ֣Ѿߴˣ˵Ϲ㵹ǿѽұ׼㺫Ͻ֣׼ȥϰģȻҪˣҲȥϰˡ˵Ҫ°ġ
һæѸղŵ뷨һߣӴһԾ𣬱˵ţģ֮׼ʱ
һĳԣӦӦˮĳڸ֣ϰǰ͵ʡ̨
֣ȥԺһͳ˵绰׼ϵһ£һӦ죬Ӧ߶Էһϸ˵Ǻϻ˵Ĺϵһ棬һҲŴһ¡Ǽ顣ģñǿƬı༭дһ֤֤ƬеŮһӣһá
ȥе㻭֮٣һȴΪб޻±գһ˰һʱֻҪó֤Ϳ԰ѶԷĹƻΡ
绰ͨԺ˵һӦ쵳Уѧϰˣǿġʱû֤ȥ֮ϵҲˣһЩ飬ȻҲ֪յĽ밲š
һ˵ʱæкԭʢ׼ҵչȥȫȨʱ䣬ڸʡأҪӲܻȥء
һ˵Ҳûʲô飬ǵӦˣҪݷһǾ͵ɣҷҪء
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һ׼ؼңͻȻһӦĵ绰˽һȻӦйֳĵ绰˵ǾֵĿۣСʵ£ʺϼڹ飬ѾְĴ־ֳ˽ԳͼǷ쵼ֵȥ乫־־ְֳ񣬵о֣ʡ
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һʵҲкͶԷʶ֮⣬˵ȹ͡
Ҳ˵ֻ˵ʱٵ绰ϵ˭ͲҪؼҪߴȥΪĵ顣˻ټԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ʮ棬һլʽ˵ȽУ˵ʵҲȽģǵԺõѡһʱŬܶϷվƵĻֱ
֣ʱҲȽϿģŮ˺ȥȥˣᣬһòƾʮ죬û˺Ͼˣϰľͷ֮ǰһˡ
ϻؼԺ֣һǸŮ֮Ĳӣ˵Ϲְ⡣֮ǰ˵һжѾ˵ˣֻϴˣϴˣȴû˳ȥںǸʱֹ
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֣ȴôΪĻ˵ǸŮ˵ɷһǵʲôˣ˼ҸͲȥԸôһֹԺһûʲôˡ
һЦЦûк磬ǵ͵ĺݼڣʱǺܲǵΪ


İһʮ Գ
ʱܿ쵽ʮ¶ʮգ֣һ٣˵Ҫһ׼˵ҪȥУ
һæ˵̣㻹ҰɣʱǶôˣԺҿɶͬѧҪǼҾȻҪȥѧǻҺ
֣һ룬ȷʵеǱ㲻ټˣһҪһѶ׼ãʲôģģԵģõģ
һεҡҡͷӺӦʱҲû׼ôĶæ֣˵ˣУȻᣬס˲࣬ҪûʲôرĻϻġ
֣ȴܲˣԼ뷨һͷı˵ǰһˣ򵥵ĶԸһҲͰˡڿǽ˻ˣ˼ҪǼǱӣһ˵˵úܣϹ⸱УΣЯĶֱӹغ˵á
һ⻰Ժе㱻סĸоȻȥ⣬ǲСûͨһҲͽ޹ŬˣԵһ֧̣ǰȥˡ
ںʱһѧϰų⣬ŪȨһֶΣʱӦ˼ʵҲȻ˳ʲôĿģ¶˵Ӧûڱ׵ġڹٳϣ˵ΪҪǼҪ𣬵Ȼ벻
ڵط׳ģҲб׶ˣԵı־״˵棬ҵطϵļú˵ֻĸ˴κЭϯһԲԸȥɣôʣµľֻίǺгˡҪλеһڶʮ˵Ѷȿ֪ңɼ
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Ժһѧϰⲻų⣬мڴҲ;һǳؼĽڵ㡣
׼ȥ֣ǿʱֻͻȻһϵĵ绰һæ˽ԴһǷ뿪ӦԺ˫ֵ绰ϵһ֪׼ѻʡһȦ˵ӦûлӦأôʱ绰أ
绰ͨԺ˵ֵܣиǺ˵ˣӦ֮ǰ˸һģûгɲ㣬ܲڿϱɡŪˣϷǱ߹ģһ룬ǵٵģڵУѧϰĳ϶㣬Ǹһ£һɣɵǣûʲôˡ
һǸжϸ˵֮䲢ûʲô飬һӦʱ˻һìܡ˵֪Ƕ֣һֲ߻ģʱһ˵ĻȷʵôڶԷȻųʲôģһе޹»ĸо֪⳵ƴǲģϼȻôĹʱҪĻеȴ֮˼ˡ
һæڵ绰ϱʾ˸л
ԷͬˣҲܿģ˵ʵ⳵ʵ͸װˣһֱȵһȥУѧ֮ǰ˵Ըܡ֪һĳǲãЩʱһЩ飬ܱȽУŲòȫһ㡣
˵ΪʲôҪһһΪԷȷʵҪ⳵˵һҲܼ򵥣һ֮ദñȽͶҲֵ֮ˣЩﱾûʲôüƽϵģʼվǴ֣ȥ̽һеԲһֱҸֲһ¡
ڵ绰һ˵ڼһ˸͹ȥǵҲͶʮҰɡ
һ߶ԷڼأһԷʾ˸л
Ц˵ֵ֮䣬ô׸˵ˣⲻǾ֮ͣɶлġɣ͸Ǵ绰
һԺ󣬰Ϣ֣ҲܸˣȥһأڿҪˡ
һԺһİֻ˽һһӣøͳġһ֣һ¥£վ¥ǰţһԺ˵͹ġһȥ˵ʲôҲԸ⣬˵飬ȻתһһѸʧ졢֣˵С
֣һԿףཱུһң򿪳ţ˽ȥװκɣ֮𣬾֣ȣҲֹһΡ֣˷ܲѣһµѽɵվǸȥһȦ
һЦҡҡͷϵ˽ȥ
⳵Ķǿһ·ϣ֣÷۵糸һ㡣һæ㿪㣬ıǶඪˡ
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Ժδһ˵ǳжһ״æ˵еˣ֣ŷ˼æȥˡ
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ÿʱһһ˵óԡóԣм˵óԺ֣ԼĵȥˣǰѲŸշŽͿ
һʱϰԺ֣տǴгģ֮ǰҳòмִĸоˡܹڶʱ֮ڣﵽˮƽСѾˣһʱ޲ڡ
һӼģմҵϰߣһԺ󣬻ܽĹ״̬ˡӼﵽʡίУиʮ㹻ˣ׼һ£ʱӦòࡣ
һ·ϣѳúһ治øʱ䣬һ棬ã·̶˵зǳ˼Ӧ;֮·ݵԺ·ˡȻǶ˵ջȴǷǳ֮˵ӸϸıԹٳʶ
·̶˵һܺ㽣ܼȵõջõδڴͨĵУѧϰΪĻӶδĹٳ֮·УܹеøԶ


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һ߰ѳ￪룬ıֺ֣û˵Уĳƶôϸѽѵʲôر֮ɾرĶһһӻ벻ɲѵ࿪ӣ˵ҲûʲôġѵʡУ沢ʲô߼࣬ÿ꼸ٰ죬һжѽ
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һںʱλýϸߣڹĹУҲغ䣬ⷽʶǿһȻ벻еԭˡ
һѳͣԺ󣬼ӭһʮλŮˣϻƹ֤һСӣһ֪ӦǵУĹԱǿǰѯѵĶ
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Ů˵ͷͼǰȥˡ
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˽ӹУɫͣģһ˵ɣ쵼ԼⲻӴ
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뵽ԺһǼһ˿΢Ц˵ͬ־ãˣҾġ
ᣬʲôˣӲͷ˵ҲѾҪ쵼Լ򡭡
գ˵䡣˶Ůӳ˵漴һףһ˵Сֵܣղ˵ģμεʡɲѧϰࣿŮ˵⻰ʱҧúأȻһǲǸ״ˡ
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һԷһ˵æ˵ͷŶԷЦ˵ллԺա
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һ⻰Ժϸһǰˣֻʮ£ݵģŸ۾һɫȻһ˵ʵĴ䣬ǲײࡣ
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˺ܿŮ˼״æվ׼һȥᡣ˼״˵̸ΣСȥɣ㻹Ҫ⸺𱨵ءһһ㶣룬ʲô˼ѵŮ˲Ǹס޵ģղΪʲô˵ҪԼȥء
һﰵԲ²ʱŮ˵ˣʦллĹˣҵıְУֻæҽЭһ㣬ںҲûʲôɡŮ˵⻰Ժ󣬲Ǹеģһ˵һ
һæһץϵЩ֮ڵĶŮ˺ȥ˵ʵһҲΪ˵۾漸ˣһе㵣ģ᲻ͻѪ֮ļ


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İһʮ ûʸ
һԺ󣬲һȥһȻ֮ãУһֻҪĿģǶʶѡѵģּ⣬󲿷˿ɶѧϰԺ󣬻صԭڵĵطֻҪĻǸˣʮа˾ʵְ˶ʶ˵ȻǴġ
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ͨܣһ֪λǳһصسйܷ˵һȻҲǺһμѵѧϰģǰһϵЦݽ֮ղŸΪˡ
ܷ룬λȻǸԺǰ;һ˼ʱ򣬿ɻء˵òƶǣѾǰˣļǲˡ
˵Ȧûгã˼λһλǼöвֵľֳӣһ̩иĸ鳤ƣ˵£ʮͷͬʱһǳԾֻֻһ˲飬漴Ǻܺõ˹ȥ
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ô˵أ߸ӵĲʳŶȵղŹʱ̬ȾͺܲƣʱһأڼȻһεĴ𰸣е㰴಻סˡ˵ˣ㲻һͨĵУԱȻЩߺģԼ̲ˡ
˲ʵĻ˿·磬쭵Ҿ˵ôˣʲôĿȥ쵼Ͷߣҵš¿зģȻЩѧԱ룬ڵطʲôʲô⣬һѧԱˣᣬǾԡ
⻰ԺͲһߣӾҪȥ˰ͷȫһѡ֣ҪĻƲغϣͿ԰KO
һ״æһקסİӣļ¡˲Ժһ΢΢һЦŶ˵ôƺиҪһ¡
ʲôֱ˵æأֺ˵ΪһѾǰ⼸ȫסˣﲻмС⡣
һС˵־ӣ˵ҸղѾ˵ˣ֪Ƿˣ̸ԴҹģʸһȻҲϲһסһᡣ
Ļ˵úһһ٣ڶĶ棬һһ´Ķ⡣⻰˼˵̸͵330ģΪһȵĸûʸһط
⻰ϸ˵Ŷ˵ɾеˣһ֮Թô˵Ƕıֺǲ뷨Ͳһô˵ǵļôҲҪɣȻ쵼˵ǵ͵Ĵ󲻾ѽ
⻰Ժǵúͨͨģ˱ıԵѸԺ󣬵˹ղŵ̬ȻǿӲֻǼѣԼĽûкǰЩһʸ
һ£һ˵ǲǿΪ㲻ͬǼȷ˵ҵȥ쵼㱨
һĻֵʳָҡҡȻ˵סļᣬνûʸҴǼ˵⻰Ժ۾ֱ̧˶Ĵڡ
ããҾʸ˵ŭ˵漴ת˲š
Ժ󣬲ʳһ˵ֵܣ㻹һˣҾͲˣȥ֡ҪĻǳȻͨ⻰һʾлأʶɲˣʲô飬ⲻղҪǴ˶Ļ˵û࣬Ҫǰȥˣмֺ¡ղţһԶ˵Щ˵ΪͷӦҲΪȻĳΪ˶Է򱧲ƽȫ˸ǶԷڰˡ
ʵĻ䣬ܷˣһ˵Сϵܣ⾿ô£ôеͿˡ
һ󣬾ͰѸղŷ飬Ǽ˽һ
˵Ժ󣬽ӿ˵ֵѽºȷʵûʲôϵͲӲҪסȥģߣȻø˵
Ļ䣬˲ͬ˵ϵܣҿ㻹˰ɣʵҲûʲô˵ģ˭סأҪóȥɣΪ£ǿɾе㲻ֵˡ
˵Ļһһŵʶǲֵһ֣±Ƚϸɾ䣬֧һôȥĴܼңһģȻΪ
˵ȻͳһǴӹһĽǶȳģϾҲһСˣеһپ١һ˼


İһʮ עع
һЦ˵лλˣҸղ֮ô˵ҪеǼһ̬ȡ˵طһ֪סءϱڼأٺ٣ˣһʹҿһЦϣ²ҪҴ̫ĸ
⻰ԺæΪ˽ܣҿܻ֪һֵܾסӦ죬˼ڿ»̰Ǵ֮أǺǣֵܣɵòǺϲѽ
һæ˵ûκ⣬ˣ׼һ£ﻹмƿþأϣλϸһݡ
һĻ˶Ц˭Ҳû⻰棬⵽˾У˵ԷʲôģҪ
ȴЦͣԺ󣬹ܷ˵ϵܣҾ²˵ô򵥡һ˵֪ˣҲ˵˵Уһһǵһģ᱾ǰŸһֵܣóȥ˵ʲôû
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һ˴ҵıԺЦ˵û£һʱ˵Ǽһҵûᾲȥˡ˵⻰Ժ󣬾վߡôĿģȻǲ۱ˡղǸݺһȻҪ뷽跨رģصԼȥ˸֡
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һһΪˣﰵһҪ¸㶨벻ñ˸ںܵʲôǣĻɾе̫صˡ뵽Ժֻ˵绰ǵϴ֣ʡί֯񸱲¬ϵʽȷһ¡һִ˵Ļû취ֻúͶԷϵˡ
ﻹͬʱ뵽һ˾ϵϵĸףʡίרְǺҢʡίУУҪĻȻûκ⣬һܾеɱţ˼˵ҲΪϺͺϷ룬͵͵ػӦ죬ǹĲҪټϺóһ顣ʱȥ鷳ǣƺе㲻̫ǡһԥûд⡣
˵ҲһɺϣڸղţУĸУƺƳɴһ绰ǡսӵĵ绰У˵һݣе鲻ܹˣȸǸǡ
϶ʱֿ˻վ˵УǸݵһ£Һðһ¡ӣԷվǰһ㡣绰漴ƺƳɵһԺ󣬾Ҷ˵绰
æظ·ʮ𼱵һ㣬ѧԱվߵŵǼǣȴ޶áȰ°Ժ̸꿲ŴȥʲôĵطġҪ¸СǳԵͷ˭ղôԸģתһ룬ûסһѵŮǰֺԵĻᡣ
װǳ˵̸ΣղУ绰ˡ
̸һΪʲô飬ƺƳɿǵУϴ˵ʡίǺҢǵУУ˼ʡί쵼ҪĵȥˣĶйעһССĵУĴС񣬻ɳУƺƳġǶ˵ʡίУϴ
̸꿸ղ֮ԶһرעҲǵϴκƺƳɵһ̸ʱ䣬̸꿵֮ܲУ񴦴λãһӦϰкܴϵ
ǰһʶ̸ӽĹѸٰڹŸͬʱ;ҰģǸϰǮҳһǨ֮·
һж⣬˭֪λϰҲ֪Ϊ屾вΪڵɫһǰĳҹһ˯ȥԺ󣬾ҲûܹšӵνټļҲǶɾͿ̸ˣӴһòˣֽԷˡ
Ҫһϰ֮Ѿ̫ˣЩϰ塢ϲЩʮСѾͷǶİȤ¶λ
Ǹϰ꣬˲ǮԲȱǮãҪҵģ޷һ;νҲҪסڵλãҪȻñЦ⣬˵ʵУ̯ҲСλвˮģǵ˻治١Ҫλȹ㶨һˣȻܵУȫ湤ĸУƺƳɡ
ȷĿԺ̸Ѹٸж˵׷ŮɽŮ׷Уɴ⻰һʱ˵ûʲô⣬ٳ֮ϣˡ
ƺƳΪУʵϵһ֣ڻʡҲǸˣλʡ߲ĽӴǱȽƵϽĻǺǿģ仹ʮӦ˵һнпܡһϽĵˣȻҪ뷽跨ʱ䣬̸꿵Ŭûȡ̫ԵЧȻҲһ
ϴһԺȥ裬̸꿽ƺƳɹ˺üļ϶ϵĥĳЩλԿƺƳɻǺܵġҲᶨ̸꿼Ŭ˶Էġ
ǰ죬ƺƳ̸꿽еİ칫ң̸˱ѵںڷһЩ̸֪ûʲôڹ滹ǺĵġĻ㱨ԺƺƳɻǺģ˼Ժ˱л̸꿽ŵĻᣬѷزƺƳɵļϣĦ¡վĽǶȱȽϺʣؿĳЩλ˷Ӧ̸꿼Ĳѣ֪󹦸ɵӲԶˡ
ƺƳȻ֪ĵĲ´ʲô˼ӲǿסԼһȷʵ˼ɣһ棬Ҳ뿴Ů˻ʹʲôֶΪһˣһԼཫʮ꣬ҷǳԸƯŮˣ뷽跨ҪԼϴݳɾ͸Уһġо˵úãҪĲǽй̡
̸Ҫ֪Ȼһ˼ƻѪ϶̫ˣҪװһ˾ӵģǿɶ


İһʮ Ů˵˼
ƺƳûи̫Ļ̸꿰ȥŮ˾һ׵ĸһ㣬ܲģżȤ˵ʱĶͿ԰ˡ
ƺƳЦ̸꿵С̸ѽжˣʮ˰ɣ
УΪһˣŮ˵ǲòӴ̸˵˵⻰Ժ󣬻ƺƳɷһۡ
ƺƳ룬ģװʲô˵䣬ھѹˣҲ˵ֻ֣ûˡƺƳɫһ˵Ƕǵĸɲʲôɱܵģѵ㵱
̸һ⻰һæ˵УˣôأղǺ㿪Цģҽʮ꣬·ݵգţȥ칫֤
ƺƳɫ˵Ҳһʣ֤
̸Է˵ŻͬʱﰵԼԺ쵼˵ʱһҪע⣬ǧҿЦĻᡣ
ƺƳ䣬ʵĿġһת˵Ǻѽʱ򣬻أĶôõĻѽ˿ҪúŬѽ
ƺƳɵĻ̸æ˵УģһúŬģֻࡣ̸꿱˵ߵͷƺƳһϹĶֻȲʮֵĴ촩һıһƺƳɿķˡǼ£ǰʱģ¿ɫҲޣʮ㡣
ƺƳɵĿⲻ̸ϵģǰķסˣ˵ʵʵڹֲ͵ǰķ羰ɵӡƺƳֻøйֱ´ܣţǶ˷ӦƺƳ֪뾡̸Ļ칫˵ͻһ
ƺƳһ̸˵̸Σѵ׼òʱܻҪԵ࣬ģĸͬ־Ƕǻῴģ
̸˶Է⻰ǿģĿӦûﵽˣվ˵УлҹĿ϶Ҫû飬ҾȹȥˣǱ߻е£ȥ
ƺƳɵ˵ͷ漴豭̸꿼״վһټȥǰƺƳ˵ˣ̸ΣѧԱͬ־ȽᣬǴģ棬ġӦöΪǿһ㣬ǰɣ
̸⻰ԺһеɶĺСͷԵĸоΪ˿һ㣬ʲô˼Ƕ˵ӦöԵ࣬ǵĳɳôУӦչ˵Ķˡ̸ûĥƺƳɵ˼ĻشЦ˵У˼ˣģһ㲼õ񡣡
ƺƳҲЦ˵С̸úøɣһ˵úأ̸꿵Ķƺָ˼ɫһ죬һ۸ƺƳɣȻģز뿪У칫ҡ
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Ժ̸꿶ˣóѧԱϸоϿԺ̸꿷νֻһʮ꣬һʮһ˵ļǸҲôѧԱΪļ֮һУѧϰһֱˣ˵˼𣬵ֲȫڼ𣬾ͿͨˡһֱעһϻΪ
̸õԺƺƳɻ˼ܸעֱӵľǼ䵥ˣõıʾð죬Ҳһ⣬ǾǰŸ˭⣬Ҫģһ˻ɲʰŪɳ׾˼
˵оù˭أ̸꿷ˣֻ²£ԲȥƺƳɣĻԵôܣС¶㲻һȥ鷳쵼Щ쵼ȻںŮ˳ǷƯͬҲܹעŮǷ˭ҲϲһŮ˵ġ
˽С˵һ仰ŮҪ̫Ļǲϲģµ˼᲻˶Է˼ţſţĻż⻰ȻһЦѣҲһĵ
̸˼ܾԺһ˵ɣȴ˵ҪһĻֻ˵һ㣬ƺƳɻ˼̸ͬʱҲѣҲܹϣʱٿһԺ󣬸ģʶԭ
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׼æԺȥУ칫һˣİƺƳ㱨˳㿴ûлԼԷһԸ֪ԷæһϿرæµѹֵʱ򣬷йʶΪǿңҲһɡܳã㲻ܳɵĻԺлᣬֻҪ𲽽ӽԷͲƾ㲻һСͷ
չŪһ䣬Ȼûˣɣĵıģһʲô˼֪ղеĵʱ򣬺Ū˼䣬˳ˣҲԼĵУƾӣҲ˼ǲ֪ߵغ
̸꿶ǰǺ˽ģװʮʱԽԽڣ֮ĻӣͻͲӣ֪ȫ˵ġǳ̸꿲գϵһűֽζؿ̸ڿֽͬʱ޳ȴӰ칫˳֪ˣҪӣͻ׽ġ
˵˰Ժ󣬾͵̸ʣҲһ£Ů䡣ڼ˼Ҹǣһʧ䣬͵ؿںɫµԸСȾǰƣʧȥ˷
ǰ㣬ѹ̸˵̸ΣУ绰ǸһѧԱ˵ģٺ٣˵⻰Ժαһѵջضϵװӡ


İһʮ 粨
̸꿿С˵־ӣ޲ȥһŰ߷ڵأڿ϶ǲеġһ֮һԶӣΪ֪Ϣǳ⣬Բ޿֡ʲô⣬ʾĻǼֱɱܡ
̸һת⡣ڰ﷭Կףתİ칫ȥһᣬֻص˱ֻһ̣Ǻ̺Уĺ񻪱̸ۡ꿰ֱӸգ˵ʦϴд˵ģûһ㿪硣̸꿵ˣҲֵһ̶ѣûϪˣҪȻòл
տǰл̣Ц˻ǰһ죬һֻǰѸٻ칫ĳ롣Цݣ̸˵̸Σ㵽Ҹ㡣
̸üͷһ壬ĶСóѣɫ˵ʦûôذɣһ仰ѣ˵Ҳûбˣڰɣ
ձôһ˵һ죬е㲻˼·ħ˴һ㡣Ѿˣ㻹б뷨ɾΥϷ˼Ȼٸɫˡ
뵽ԺæЦ˵̸ΣҲΪãϾ˽̸쵼飬ƺ̫áǵ͵ظԼ̨ף̸꿲ûдڨЦһ˵ղУ绰Ϊ˸һѧԱǡ˵Ժѹȥ͵̸ֻ
̸Ļ󣬳һæʵʦ˵ļٵģ£ɲܿЦѽ
̸Σ㿴㻹ңǺͱ˿ЦҲܺ㿪ѽ˵ǰɣЦ˵
̸յĻֻûļƤ񣬲װǳмسŶԷ˵ͷЦ˵ʦ̫лҪǻ̵Ļһ͸㣬ллˣ
ٺͶԷ£ͨղŵĻ̸ѾȫжϳԷ˵ĻģûбҪѣΪҪǣûӡñ˵¾ͰˣУ棬û˸ҼٴƺƳɵġʥּģǲǻòͷ̸Ҫ˼ô죬ôܺõؽǰΣ˵Σһˡ
̸ںеԼˣղŻûиӲҪǼ䵥ᰲųȥڸö౻֪Ѿһ⣬һ⡣ҪǱƺƳ֪ɾˣΪУ˼ѾкˣĹģɵãţǵ͵Ŀ쵼뵽Ժ̸ֻһɺϮͷ
УһҪ°̫ˡ̸꿰ҪջǼᣬͬúΪѡղǸһĲҪǼᣬӲ˼ңڣٻعͷȥ˼Ҫǵ͵ԼԼĶ⡣̸Ժ󣬶ôҲӣһ⣬µȥҪⲻҪȥֱһΣ˫ӣӦ˵һȫİ취
Ҫ˵̸һҲûԵһʵǾȥһ̫һˣ˻˵ֱӱ˼Ҹ˻Ҳǧǣһʧѹǳ˵ôãҲ£ؼҪִУǳɰܵĹؼڡ
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һ̸ֱ꿾Ϳ߶̸ֻ֪ļһȫǳ²㣬ࡣղ֮ȥΪʱһûˣһڵѧԱԴҶæ̸ںˣ֪治ǸһȥҪǿסĸˡ
̸꿱߱»ܼһҪ侲һ룬ô֪ôһԼȥһˣҲ۵ӣŪˣûҩģֻ취ˡ
̸꿺һҲᣬղҲ˵ҾӦڣסĿҲ֮ԲԸύƸղŶȥ˵̬ȲãǵöԷˣԲųһ뵽Ժ̸޲ȥ⣬ļһÿ¡
̸˼ȥֳȥһ⣬ûиõķˡӲģ϶У˼ҿ˵㰲Ÿҵᣬƾûƽ޹ʵؾҰȥءһĻ̸꿾ûа취ش⡣
̸ȥһ˲Ϊװһ·˶ԲߣڣͶԷʵʵ˵һǣֱ˵ոյ֪λ쵼Ҳμѵ࣬ϲ徻һᡣһĻһӦòܾģϾ˭ҲԸΪһС£쵼ǲǳԱ˳ŵ
˵Ժһ᲻ȥλס330ѧԱ֤ǾͲҪĵˡŶԷôȥʹȥˣҲûκ⣬ϾҲûгѣλȷʵƺкġ
뵽Ժ̸¶˾ΥЦݣһСʱǱڵùǺ֪ͲˣҪ͸һģҪ͸һģҲͦõģƫƫҪԼ¸Լ
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绰ͨԺŸУûж˵ʲôֱһ仰С̸ѽھ͵ҵİ칫һ£㡣˵⻰Ժ󣬲̸κηӦֱӹҶ˵绰
̸ȻܲԸǲòŸУİ칫ȥô˵عٿɲֹܣȰλ鴦꣬ȥһ飬ǧһӵλ쵼Ǹɵͷˡ
һڲʵ˺һᣬҲν쵼˿ʼʱ򣬻ſɨۣһԺ󣬴ҶøղǻһżëŻ˵ģԸʲô쵼Ҳ֪˭һ䣬ɵŸȥҸطƣһ׼һȻе㲻ģǼҵºܸߣҲ˼ˣĸһ¥ȥˡ
¥ݿԺ󣬴Ҹ׼ſȥһ˵λ磬ôѽˣгءһôһ˵ͣŵɣȥ


İһʮ ҾƵĸװ
˳ĸǰһóңֻཱུһŵİˡ˵ϵܣɣɲѽȻңأĶģҲҵװһԿ׿šţˡ
һЦЦûлشʻܷȴһ˵Ǿ֪ɣЩʱĶɣɣͺ֪ˣʱ򣬿ɶʮһ·ѽ˵ЦָָȡĻҲڴЦ
˳ǰ˷ֱ򳵵ȥ˵ĺ쵼רģȴе⡣ȣһ⣬˵ļһģ쵼һ˵һġΣ˾⣬ʣĸˣҲ˵ҪˣĻݵλ淴һ㡣
ǫһԺ󣬹ܷ˸ݵλ棬һ˺档İҲȻҼһǾֻܰģĹ֮һֱһĴͳһ
һԺо˲Ծɣɵôᷢأ漴ҷֳҲԡΪ̩鳤ʶǱȽϹģЦŶڴһ˵һϵܣ⳵ѽ˵ļֵװѾͲٰɣ
һЦ˵üλϸЦˣ⳵һѵģ֪ʱҪãԾͽҿˡ
Ǿİɣ⳵ƿǺţģģһ˸㲻Ƽ˵ղɣߵʱע⵽⳵е㲻Ծڸ߶ȺͿ涼ԣûмɣɣһ³ƣԺˡ
ǰǳ˵ĸװ⳵ѣ೵涼ҵʹҪ֮ٳͨģֱóȥĻ̫ˣǲѡĸͷ棬Ͳ̫˵עˣҲ㡣˵ʲôģȻ㵽ĳҸǸСһˡ
ƿ⣬Ҳû̫⣬߽Ժ󣬿סˡиݾڲ棬ϴû٩ɽʱ򣬾˵˹ڲĳƣѧʿɴأʱ÷ǳ档ǰƺ˵һգ⣬⳵̫ţˣݵĻ˵εĺ룬Ƕ㲻
Ҳɹһ⳵ĺǼٵģ漴ͱԼˣ˭Դˮ̶ֳȣУѧϰһżյĸװǲǱ׼ȻģƸе㿴͸ǰһղŵĻӦòǿӲˣҪȻֱӲǸʲôУ쵼ȻΪ˱Ƚϵ͵ҪôǿıУ˻Ǽ䵥óӦòɡ
һƵʻԺ֪һһǴӳ濴һʲôȻͶԷ˵ʵһ˵ģʶ˲٣⳵ôģһ治ô
ŶŶǺǣҲһʱ档ڨЦ˵ѾʶղŵеˣұϾŸոʶ˼Ȼѵ㡣
ڳ˶һȻԸ˵⣬ǴҾһһȥĶԷ⡣һˣҵȻһﻹûʲôõط
֮ǰӦʱ򣬶֣ˣټãȥĶһЩ֮ĵطôĴүǣȻʺϵġģһ֪ľѧʱ򣬻ѧܱߵһЩСˣȻ͸ʵģĿǰ˵ݡ˼ȥֻǰʱȥٽ󣬱ȽϺʵģеΣƷζ˵˵ĿζʲôģǴҪġ
һ˵ԺȻʾ飬ǶӦҲǺ˽⣬α˼ͣǲûʲôϵ˵ӦٽĴǻŵģҲȥʶ
һͣóԺ󣬾͸һٽĴȥʱʱ磬ԲԤ⣬¥Ժ󣬹Ȼа䣬ɺϵǱŽϴε⽭Ҳ⣬Ͼ˲ֻ࣬ȽСҲֵ
Աһӡ̣Ҫһ仰ϸǱǮǲǻᱻǸթȥ治һʰԺ󣬺ǽйȥѯһٿĸ˹һҪʱϵ
æصԺ󣬲ŸҰЩǮóϸȻһ飬ɵ˺һᣬŰǮСŮһ϶û˯ţûмôǮӦǾϻ˷ڶһ磬æȥУǮ׼ͨʾּĻؼҵģеһŮ飬˵ܼĻȥ͵յôһǮһΪӪǻ׷Ӧǵȡ
Աһż˽Ժæǰкһһϰãӭ١һ΢Цŵ˵ͷһ䣬ϴε飬ϰûΪǰɣСŮ¶˸мЦݣһҡҡͷ
һĻˣЦ˵ϵĳѽԱôϤ
һҲöֻͣ˵˾䣬ϴιʱ򣬷˵飬Ծʶˡ˵߳һơ
λһѧˣһ˵λȻû⣬˵λøôţһ鷳ɲϸ˵ʻһں棬΢⣬ĲûʲôֻͬҪһͷֳŵȳˡһҲǾΪѣѡ˳ĬЩⷽӦñо顣
һϣƵ£˵ļһģ˭λʣôôءȻⷽľ飬ֱ÷ԱλϵӸˣλͿȻͲìˡ
һѣΪĸ鳤һǷǳְġѹμѵ࣬Ҫ֪ĸ鳤ҲǸ˵ˣͿô
ͨղŵĽһ֪Ȼģһμѵ࣬ȥԺһҪҪģٷûκģ˵һֱӿ븱УҲûпܡһһҪùϵһѧٶ
˿ʼƱյϴκúõһٷСһˣҲԸһ£ʵǶˣڲ˵ζʲôģһûüƷ켸˳һٽƷĻǲɫ㣬ζܲ
ǵһμ棬˻֮䶼֪Էľһʼʱ򣬸˶


İһʮ Ϊɵ
ڶƿ׵ʱѾԿˣ˵ľѾȥˣûʲôӦҲѹ֣ڹٳģҪûһǸأ
һеһԱ֣ȥʣµƿһ򿪡ȥƿתһ룬ǲҪż㲻ĻʱãӦҲ١һּһҪĺȺãô˵һҾܾһҲԵ
Ժһ׼ңͻȻֻóһһӦĹ̶롣Ϊ֣ģæ˽ߴһŮǾԲ֣ΪҪ᲻٣һö죬һӻ벻
һͬ־绰Ůʵ
˵ʵһĳƺе㲻ϰߣΪһ绰ֻϵģֱҪг𣬻ֱӾһֱӳƺΪһģһλŮʿһӻûʲôӡ
ãһλ
ŶãгǵУ̸꿣ǸղŰǸ̸꿶ŻͲ˵Ϊ¶Է벻˭̸һ䣬ѧԱϱϲ鿴һ£֪һĺеĳгܺ׼ȷ˵Էְ
һ˵̸꿴ĵ绰ʶԷ϶ʲôҪԼ˵򲻻绰ġվȥ߱˵ԭ̸ѽããʲô
Ǻǣгǲ˼ʱ绰㣬е飬Բò鷳㡣̸Ц˵ڴ绰֮ǰ˺һ飬ԷһֽĵĸоҪ󣬶ԷŲ˼ܾҲΪŮˣڹٳϻ죬Ϊһɡ
Ŷ̸Σл뽲ҪôһװԾ˵ѾԷ绰Ϊ£ȻǳˬֲЦˣǶģҶԷǣҲֵܹϾڵУҪء׻˵úã£ܲͷأ
̸һǺƵģŷģ浣ĶղŰ˼ҵˣڶԷӲǲʣҲ޿κΡĿǰ״Ӧòô⣬̸Ҳ԰¶˼ġ
һֻץס绰ͲϵЦݸˣЦԺ˵гǲ˼ղҰŸǼᣬܻҪ㻻һ鷳ˡ
һû˵ֻǶֻͻλŶһûġ˼ȷûʲô˵ģؼøһ̸͡һˣ᲻˼ҪȻ治ʡίУΡ
̸ԷֻӦһûˣ˹˼ҪءѸղͱõɣ˵˳ٳӡ
Ц˵гǲ˼ղλ쵼˵绰˵иҲμѵ࣬ڲμѧޣϣһһѧϰǾͿǵǼᣬ㿴ܸܲǺǣǲ⣬˼鷳ˡղҲ˵ļҾӦ죬סĻҲԣԾ͵æɣҲ֪ЩµҲףǺǣгǻӵģǰɣ
һ˶ԷһеŮˣܻ쵽λҲƾаһݵĿеˮƽһղŻһľͺܲˣνʲô쵼ڽѧҪһĻǴɲ棬˵ҪѧҪĻм˻ȥ鱾еģеȥвȥҲ˵ΪһֽƾǸǳԱ˳ŵġ
˼ҶѾô˵ˣһȻٲӦˣĻɾе㲻֪ˣ˵һͷҪ䵥᲻ɵ˼ʱ֮ûɿڣֻΪǼһ˵̫壬˺ܲˬȫǶ˲¡̸ӡӶˣȻûƴǵĵ
һֻ˵Ȼڱ˵ôмֵȻǿռţ̸ΣʱɲˣͼѳԷ㲻ھȥɣȻͬóģҲ̸һ¡⻰˼ԣ֮ԴӦ㣬ȫΪӣΪ˼쵼ݻʲôġ
̸⻰Ժ󣬳һæ˵г˵Цˣôڹᶫأ㰲µᣬʱһֱӰѶ͹ȥġ
һҲ̹Ȼ˵Ǿлл̸Σ糿һԿ͸ģԿûʲô飬Ҿȹˡ˵̸꣬꿻شžһ˵绰ҪԷһѣΪɵ֪ʲô⡣
̸Ŷߴæط˵绰ѶǸŸУһԹ˲⺦ڻûлؼңҲûȫ̤ʵҪǵ죬һ˵Ļԩ޴ء
̸ϰԺһҪһɫ˵ǸŸУǰ취ҲûСղҲ֪Ƿʲô裬е칫ʶģһЩ¡
ȻܲͷǰҲұϣǷǳػشԷ⣬Ƶǣм䣬ŸУһġ绰ҲǣҲǡòףѵ绰ˣһѵ⣬̸꿻ֻϸµĽн͡
ŸУĹܸߣĻشԺԲ⣬صù˶ԣһһֱ°Ҳû̸ꡣŸУһҲżһֱߵʱ򣬲Űͷ㶨ֱʱźװȻӣ˵ʱѾ磬̸һȥԷ
̸ʱ׶Էôԭˣ̲ھƣﰵ뵽ҪǳУֹĻ˵ԷϴҲûκ⣬ϧ㲻ǡ̸Ȼ룬ڱϣɲֳܱһĻŸУȻˣڹи˫СЬûκ⡣Ľɲ̸ŮԸ⿴ġװΪѵӣ˵У˵ҳԷӦøеҲŶԣĺܲɣŽ岻ãڻҽԺأӻھӼ㿴⡭˵Ժ̸꿹ͣ˻ͷ˼ŸУġ
ŸУ̸꿵ĻȻǲˬҲûа취˼ûʣܲڻҪȥԷɡˬԭʵǳԲɽķ̸˵ЩǼ١ĻⷹԲɣٳԣûκ⣬ҪǼٵĻǾûҪһˡ¿ɴŮԸģͷһͷȿɲС


İһʮ 
ŸУһֱµλųƵУһŮ˺ģڴӶ෽ȥ˺һԺ󣬲ŴĿɽλϰ֮ʱ͹۵˵ûӵģǼһڻʡǸʶٴԹҪ㶨УƵġ򲻸ˣǸ϶ˣⲻζĻ
ǰʱ䣬֮һʾ֪Сٸûף㶲ӣûдǻԤı׼̯ˣ벻Ȼôһһ취ҲûУֻܸһˡ
̸ŸУɿڣæŵĨ֮͡󼪡˰칫Ժһ˼·æһĵ绰ںòװ¸㶨ˣϣ첻Ҫٽ֦ˡ̸꿱ȥţĦгԺȻ¡
ﳵؼҵһ·ԶûһԺһ飬ǾƺƳɵ顣ڣ¶˵ѾüˣŸУʲô˼ֵ֪󻯵ĽǶȳܴӦŵġһĻͱȻ⵽ĴûƺƳɻĻǽ֪Ҫ飬ǾƺƳɸ㶨
Ħгһ̵Ƹǰ̸ͣͻȻǰһŮ̵꣬ǰһȻԷȥԸһ¡׼ȥˣ룬ҾͲ»ݣ㲻㣬ôҲ׻ˡŮǷֻҪóȥʵ˸ֲ
̸ȥµ꾫ѡʱһ˵ٷڽӽβˡղһ𿪵ƿҲѾտҲǸ˵ı涼в٣һͲʵı澹ġ䶼ģȴһһѾıˣʱһʹ£ҲȻ¶ɫʱеᵽ˻ǵ͵һãĻĽȲˣҲöߡ
ǰԺ󣬴һǱȽȵסģ˵Ժ󣬲ʾսˡƱЦų˵ֵܣһƣզƱٶľһ㣬׼óӵķչʾһھϵ
ȻˣСȻӦ÷㣬ֻıƺһ㣬Ȼĳ⣬ǾٸɡЦ˵˵⻰ԺԱУȻָָ˵ľƱ
СԱ״æץƿѸ˹Ϊ˱ơʻΪƿЦҪǸտʼĻһȥӦûκ⣬ÿ˶ѾѽٰôһڸɵʾⲻǳɣǹֱӾҪ굽ȥˡ
СžŻûд꣬ѾƱ˹˵ص˺¿ɵˣʱ׹ղ֣ϹˣһҲ̫װˣôõľȻװƵģǿӵ
ʵһٶʮĺڣûа취ֻöƱӲͷƤﵹȥȵһԺ󣬲ʵΪѾƱϣһ˵ϵܣֿѽĺȲȥˣæô
һ״룬һﲻ׾ͺҷ쭣˼ұƵǽǣˡĲ֣˼ָˣ˵Ƕ治ƴǡ
һŲ˵ϸ磬ģ˵ֻҪ㿪ˣֵҾûлؾĵ˵Ĺ˾Ҫǲͽȥ˼ǲ
󣬻Цһ˵ֵܣɷģֻҪⱭӿ˾ͳɣ˵˭ȵģҲġܸӺȵҶûκƱ˵ָָվһߵԱ
ĻСԱæҡ֣ǻǺȣȻͺüһƿȴһҲȲȥ
Ƽ״ŲЦ˵ܸ磬㿴˼ӿɲȣ㻹ǶһֵܵĹˡ
⻰Ժæ˵ֵܣ˰ɣϵܿɲ⣬ͰɣϸʲôһҲ㡣
һ⻰Ժ۵һЦ˵ϸ磬ҿˣñ˰ƵļȻ˵ˣֵܾſ£ҲðⱭƺˡ˵⻰Ժ󣬽ӹʵıӣԼ浹ȥȻһӣѰ뱭ƺȥ
Ƽ״Ц˵ֵܣɲԣİô£Աֵܰѱϡ
ԱƵʱһַڱһҲûɶԷѱﵹġȴһԱľƱﵹһʱһץס˾ƿȻʾѾƿߡ
һ״Ц˵磬ôʡƴѽĲ˵ֵ뼸λȵСƣûʲôġ
ôһ˵Ҳ˼ˣ÷ԱԺҲ÷Աʵıˡ
һԱѾˣǾƱ˵磬ֵܾһ泤˲ټʶԺ
˼˵ɱЦһΪץס˶Էıײʵ˺˾ԺԸʱȷʵҪ࣬Ҫǻǲô˵ġ
һƵĻЦ˵ȻҪֵܾհˡ˵⻰ԺѧƸղŵӣһѱоƸȾˡ
ʱŷָղԼһͲͬĴ벶ȸںѽȻڣΪʱڣѱоƼѵغȥԱƵʱ˵ʲôҲֱõһˣȻһȻҲûٺƽˡ
һ֣ҲûսˣȻûвսҲˡںȾϣһ൱ǵľͲڲ֮䣬ԾͲҪԼҲˡ
˺Ժ׼ȥٽ¥ϴԡݸ裬һǰǵģǿҵŨҲûÿڣȥһµôĿģҪΪӰ죬вʡĴоһײЩУѧԱԷȾҲͰˣȻȺȥġĻɺͳȻ˵ȥϴһ£ܹһֲõʾ
һĻ˼һץסʵ˵ܸ磬ҲȻᣬղſǹƻģҺȵеˣȥ˲ֱΪģæơߵһȥԺ󣬾˭˭һӻ治֡
һڰһᣬ̨ȥʱ䣬ƺͲӦѾȥˡߵ̨Ժ󣬸Ա⽭Ա鿴һ˵Ժ˵λϰ壬ãǾѾչˣⵥҸһϴеθһᡣԱ˵⻰ʱһҲûУ˵һûκιϵ顣


İٶʮ 
һ⻰Ժ׹ˣһСԱ飬Ǹʲôľİšһ˺ô󾢣ˣǽк죬ǲǣ治ȷϡ
ԷȻ˵ˣȻûƴǵɣĻһҲˡ飬Ǹ̨ϰ𶯺ܴҪȻ˵͵ģ͵ǮˣȻ涼¶һ
һһȥϴԡе˵ȥˣ˼ҳԷûǮϴԡȻˡҪȥǼѾȥˣʱƨˣȻҲǡ
һΪ֮ʣͻȻſڴһŮŮģȥҡһŤͷһһȺˣӵʮ⡣һƳ֮䣬ͷǸ˱Ƚ죬һӾ벻ʮͷһҵߣͷȥȴ߰㡣һƫʹ룬һӻ벻˭
һת׼ٿһۣͻȻһ˵ΪǶˣϤ׼ȷ˵ǸŮϤǲã˭ģβø߸ߵģͷϵĸоõ磬Ϥˡ
һɫʱгȥŭһĳ嶯ΪȺ˿ȥôˣȻǻһһԺǿסĵĳ嶯һߵǸкȥûʲôԣûйĴ磬ȥһѧģ֮ҲûʲôǵĶֻǼ粢һСڽʲô
һ˸ղŵ뷨ѾˣǸˣѡѵȨϴʱѾٰȥˡһ룬һҲ̹ȻˣⲢζõ鲻ŲʣǲܵģСʹ綼ǳ۰Сãһίˣǲᡣ
һǰļ˺ݺݿ˼ۣһģǿԺѾˣһҪ취һĶһЩʲôˣǸߵкһһָо֮Ӧòͨѹϵ˵ô£õȵԺ󣬲ܸ
úǰ˽˰ԺһҲ¥Ҵҵϴһ͸ˣҵǼǿӴ绰ˣе㼱¡ô˵ȻҲٶ˵ʲôˡԺ׼ǰ˸ˣԷ֪ͬϰзԸһѶⵥһҲٶ˵ʲô˵ͷӦ顣
һݳؼҵһ·ϣ˼ղſǸӾ˭Ҫò棬벻ҲνڣԣǾǱҪһֱңʼվиӰǰƣۿҪˣͻȻͿˣô룬úͷ
Ժ֣ɳϿӡһԺæʵȾˣ
һһѣһղֻ飬û⡣֮ԼȾԺ󣬼ܿģһҪǳʲôĻǿɵóԲ˶ߣһæЦղźͼУͬѧһȥԷģû⣬Ͱѳֱӿˡ
֣ذһۣȻС˵ǳķϣͲƽˣ²ΪҪǺ˾ڿĻǾһݲ׼ȥ
һ֪ԷҪΪãæصͷǣһ쾴Ķе㲻ײࡣ
֣ˣЦ˵㿴ӣĶһгȥˮϿȥϴ裬һľƳζ
ζʲôʱг˳ζˣһƲѣʱѾҺͶԷƽˣǵһԹ
˵˾Ժ˷ܣ⻰һûֻҪһڵӾͿ֪ˡϴԺ󣬾һֱ֣֣Ϊ˾ˣԲԸ¿ɰĳ˼ˣСӶΧתһ㣬֣ǰתơ
֣Ҳ֪ӷˣص˵ͷĳ˼״˷ܵһ㣬ֱһѺᱧ֣Ȼ󼲲ұȥ
˺˾Ժ󣬲˷ܣر־ãСʱĳԺһŷ˷㡣֣Ҳӿʼİưͣϣ֮ҹ˵ֵġ
һıæټƴһƣһҵ˶һֻƤڴˡ֮䣬͵һûдһֱӡ
֣ҲѾ뵽˯״̬ˣͻȻһŵһæʵôˣʲôڱʣ۾
һ֣ʵСǲǽˣ
˭˵ģô֪֣ҲһæʵʱæŽ飬治̫õ飬͵һһ˵ȻǳԾ
һҲ֣̫ܲΪҪ֪ĻһͻˡʻһͰѽٽ󿴼õ˵˳֣ҲüͷٽǿɲһȥĵطһĻÿ϶һЩټһ̼ҵӵܽһ𡣶Щˣ֣˽ⲻЩѧŮľͼʣҲͰˡ
뵽Ժ֣ʶԣæֻõĵ绰֣ʶһҲһؼǵÿ뿪ҵʱ򣬺㶼һٶչ˺áҪСʲô飬治֪ôĸ
绰ͨԺ󣬹Ȼ洫һ֣æĶءûشһԷء׷ʣʲôѡ⻰Ժþ˵ͬļŮһ۲͡
֣ˣŭǵͬѧǮѽھ۲Ͷȥٽˡ
֣Ļסˣɩô֪ٽģ֧֧ĺһû˵
֣󣬸ŵ绰µھ͸һȥȥѧУ㡣ҪٸҺˣĻھȥٽ㾾ʱ˵Ҳӡ
ɩӣǵģҽ͡ڵ绰漱öҪˡ
ûǹҶʮԺ绰֣Ȼˣ˵⻰ԺžһҶ˵绰
һ״ʵô˵
֣ͰѸղõĻѧ˵һһҲ벻һɵСãȻҲѧ˵ѺŪˡһ£֣˵СһһȺ˵УͷǸҺϤ϶Ķɾһ벻


İٶʮһ лǿ
֣æ˵żϸһ£ܲ컹ȥ̸أʱٺҡ
һεؿһ˵Ҳѽһ·Ͽؼңҵ˼ˣǾͲôһ㣬ôҲ벻
֣ʱѾ˯ȫޣӴһ˵𼱣룬ȥ屭ȡҪǲ˯ˡ˵⻰Ժȥ
һʱش󣬸׼úһ룬־е򼱵ĸоȥԺһëϴһԼͷһ£ϣǸڵĸоǺ֮ɾǳĸоǺܲˬ
֣ȻصԺ󣬼һڤ˼࣬еһߣȻԼǱ˴˺һᣬԷûж֣´ѿȵݵУȻѵ𼱣˼ȻٽǾ˵ӦӦġȰʶ˵Ӧģúһ룬еĻġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬶ʱǰһŵķǺеΧӦȥ룬ĻΧɾСöࡣƲǰѧʱʶ⣬⼸꣬ӴӦ˻޵úܡѱӾٵߣƷ𿧷ϲֿͰ͵Ķǽ⣬ϣ̼̼ͨϸԿ˸
֣ңžһ˵ӻȿӣԻһһѹкܶʱԽǽţԽ⣬ԽûСңεص̨ʱһͻȻһˣ˵߰ѿȱŵһߣȻѸת֣˵лǿ
лǿֱ֣ԼĶ䣬ôܺһȥ˵뵽Ժ֣æʵô֪лǿʶҵӡûмɡ
һżش⣬Ƿʵлǿǲʮͷһҵߣϲͷùģģ
˵ߵǶԵģͷʲôģҾͲ֪ˡҲֻΣ֪ʲôˣ֣˵ˣôʶģ֣ȲظŸղŵ⡣
һ˵ͷ˵ҼгĶһȥ붯ǿص˼ǺſǿءʱϰҴȥأͺһлǿµǸһ￪ʼŵòУˣβͻˡ
Ҳ𣬴ŲǵģվŻ̫ӳ¼أԴӱϸͺϽʰԺлǿ͵࣬һ㲻ʵǿĶ֣ССϺǲŹġ֣޺޵˵
һᣬֵ֣֮ɫһ˵˵Сôһģ᲻ʲô°˵⻰ʱἸˡǰСýˣҪʲô飬һȥô˼ҽѽ֣ſǻ˵
һæһѰ§˵û£СòǺлǿһģһǸСӣҲһѧģӦû˵ôֲһ˵⻰ڰο֣ڰοԼ
Уҵô绰ǲǻˡ֣˵˴ͷϵֻһ벦˳ȥͨ绰̶ȣͿԿƽʱûٺСϵ
绰ܿͨˣӵ绰Ȼã֣䣬Ȼһ˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰ֻһߣ˵ҪΪôˣѧУһŸӵĻھ͹ȥˣǵˡ
û£ʲôµģСѾͷҿųģĲ˵˻ˣӦûǷֵġ˵ÿ¶ûٸǮҲǮãӦòЩ߰ġһο֣˵лǿһҹһɺϣȥӦþ֪ˡ㲻Ҫ̫ģиоӦû¡
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һæ˵˵û£ˣ˵˵һǧһ򣬶ûκ塣û飬еĻҲѾˣʱϹģӦҲûˣҶСõ˽⣬Ӧûʲô顣һǳѾͷȥԺϣԷ̸̸ҪʲôԵĻӽԺ󣬾סô˵ǰһһĻɴȡһ˵ʱ򣬿ɫ
ã֪ˣϣ˵ʲôҲûС֣̾
һ§סӣĶߵ˵װģңûµģ˯ɣǵúŮ٣ʱ鷳
֪ˣллϹ֣ĵ˵˵߰һĻҸ֮С
£˾þöû˯ţȥģһֱʮʱ򣬲Ⱥ˯ȥ
ڶһ磬ö٣һΪǵУпѧӣȻܳٵ֣һҪչһһȲҪȥáԽԽģ˯賿ʱȻһجξˣȻһֱڰΰ֮䡣ҪǲСӵ㶨ʲô¶˼ġ
һèˣ֪һû˯á֣˵һȥСǵʱ򣬾ͲҪˣ״̬Ҳģһȥɡ
֣󣬿ĵص˵ͷȻ˵㿪ʱҲŵ㣬ʱϰĸ߷壬ȫһ
һͷ˵ģ֪ġ֪֪֮ԼզأԿĳЩѡֲܱȡ
֣⻰ԺȻ֪Էָϴ˵͵飬Ц˵ѽⶼ֪ǺµˣԴԺҿҲûгһ
һ⻰Ժûʵö𣿡
֣ʱڳ棬һĻȴʵ˵ʲôû
װʲôʮһѹ˵
װʮأҿװһʮ㣬塣֣µ
ٺ٣㲻ڵȸղŻСôģһЦʵ
֣ŷӦ˶Էĵˣ˵칦ܣһڮٱ˵ԣг˵ʶ
ɣҪ˵ȥ㶼ˡһû˵


İٶʮ һ̫
һ磬С죬ʱעǿֵģҲǶݵġ緹ԺһʱѾߵʮˣ׼ˡȻѧҪ͵ſʼǻҪһᣬټϿ̸꿻Ҫᣬ⵽ʱæҵġ
֣һԺ󣬰ѹϴˣȻٰѼʰһҲ¥ȥˡ뿪ȥģ뵽ϹǹĵĻԭȵ뷨һֱѧȥ
һհѳ·ͽӵƵĵ绰Էڵ绰ղŽӵУѵ֪ͨ˵ѧʱĵ˵ˣһʲôʱܵ˶ԷĻһһҿղŴӼ磬ҪȻĻɾ鷳ˣһ쿪ѧͳٵڵУѧϰʷϿܲҪѵࡣ
æֻ˵磬ڰ·ˣ˵֮ǰӦܸϵ
˵ɵüӿٶȣǺʹ޲һأҪǳٵĻɾͲˡеĺǺʹ޲ȻָʡίǺҢʡίί֯޿ġ
һ⻰Ժ˵һ֪ˣлл磬Ȼ͹Ҷ˵绰һɿǰʻȥ
֮ǰõϢǿѧʱ򣬴޲ȻǵУУྩᣬԲܲμӡڿ˱仯ʱԭȵľŵ㣬ĵ˵룬ҲǺͺҢҪμеϵһ뵽Ժо濪ʱϰࡢѧĸ߷ڣ·ϵĳǳĶ࣬ҪСӦ
һϵģУſڵʱѾ˵һˡѾˣԲûѣֱӻ˻֣ȥˡһѳͣԺæ˸绰ƣΪʱѾ·ˣôһ£Ķء
绰ͨԺѹ˵ˣ㣬Ͳˡһ⻰Ժʲôû˵ֱӹҶ˵绰æֱñȥ
ԺһμѵѧԱǣǰ棬æ첽ǰȥվӣ֣һֱܵһʱ䷢һ
һڿ첽ʱ򣬶ߴһͺȣվסǲμѵѧԱôŻŵģ
һԺһæɲסӣֻվǰһλʮҵˣһȥм쵼ͷ
һȻ֪˭ǸԼ˵жϣӦһλУ쵼վӣػشҽһμѵѧԱ֪еˣߵñȽϼ仰ԼݣҽνŻŵԭ
Ȼ֪ٵˣΪʲôղŵһһ˰ɣ˵
һ룬ģ˭ѽⲻûгٵɶʱֵˡ˶Էһۣ˵˼ȷʵˣǺҲûгٵɡѧǰ뿪ʼڻû˵ʮ֡
㡭Ȼ벻һ˵һסˣ֪ô˵
һô˵أУղ֪ʲôطð˳һʵͿĳ˺ܲˬڼȻڵƺƳɣʱٲȥʱһõĺûᣬһԺǳһһŭһҲԽֺһƺƳɣһ˫񣬺ֶΪأ
ô˵ˣʦʲô𣿡һ˵
⡭ǡ㡭ҲһʵĿ֪࣬Ϊղ˵ǻ۴ʲôǶ˵û⡣
ȻûеĻҾȸˣҪȻҿҪٵˡһ˵⻰Ժֱͨˣҡڵȥ
ơУһ̫ˣԺһҪչضƺƳ˵
ܺԼˣߣƺƳŭ˵漴ת߿ˡ
˵ôҲףúõһƨôĵȥˡʵ֪һƺƳӣ¾Ȼˣⲻ۾һ׼£ƺƳɲ˭أɴ˿ɼƨҲǺҪ̵ģԽת˿ɲɡ
һԺƵʵղźƺƳ˵ʲôأôǺˬӣ
ƺƳɣһʵȻղ˵ʲôУû̫ע⣬͵˵֣Ҳһ
ƺƳɣ֪ģʡίУĳУʸڵУ˵һԾŶһΪļǣܺĵλһΪڵУʱܳڵУġ
㲻ʶƱΪһʶԲͣ˴кڿô£ٿԷ̬мˣѹ˵ûɣ˵˲ǡ
һ룬զ˵أڸҲǣʲôأѾˡһ֮ɫһЦЦ˵û£ֻǺл
Ȼ⻰׼˵ͻȻͷתһ䣬ˣȻĿбӵضϯ̨ˡ
һ⻰ԺһӱûзӦˣ˭ˡ뵽ԺתͷȥֻƺƳ룬ɣȻ˵رˣҲڼȳɣ
һﻹе㷲ĸоƺƳɣؼͥڵģǱѵĿ֮աҪǱ˵䣬ǹûӵġ
ƺƳԽǰߣһԽţеѧʱʦǰʱָоˣˣۿ͵ǰˡһ˫ֽճȭԼˣô˵Ҫȥǧ֮ܿգͺ͵УĳУţĻĻǰ;ǼΪġ


İٶʮ ô
һձ֮ʱƺƳѾĸǰϵǣûͣ½Ųֱǰȥһųһ˼ұϾУģӦ㺭еġ
ƺƳǰͣ˽ŲһѧԱļϵ£Ȼ֡ʱ˵עƺƳɵϣǸгˣĽʺޡﶼĬĬ˵СӹƽϹʺˣôͱƺƳɿأ
˵ƺƳֻһУУʱѧԱﺬǺܸߵģΪÿѵԺ󣬶ѡѧԱһʱҲҪʲôͶ룬ԴҶȾָ˵˭ңƺƳɵ˵ҪġʵϾǵУһֻ֣ҪͷˣУôء
ôһ˵ľ֮ɫ
˵˭ʶС۾ļһһʵ
һ˵ͷ˵ǰͬ£ȥУ벻Ҳμѵˡһ˵ϸǰˣһҵߣСԴһڱ߿۾ҲüĿ㣬ⲻˣ׼ȷ˵ԩҡ֮Ȫ
Ϊֹһ;ΣɾǰͣȻܶûټˣһһ۾ͰϳˡһֱΪӡʵ̫ˣֱ˵ǿ̹ġ
ǰ꣬һǳע֮ȪϢҲ͵ˣûпȥġ벻ɽˮ꣬쾹Ȼѵٴεüɴ˿ɼ⼸֮ȪҲò򲻻ࡣ
һԼǵöԷ꣬ҲʮͷѾҲǸˡһֱһһڵطϸɣεĶʵְɶʵְ
֮ȪʱӺȥݵʱ򣬾ְģһ֪ʱȻʡ˵ˣھʲôλãһҲǺʱɲˣڸ˲ˡ
һǰһĻϵ֮ȪıеУУƺƳΪʲôôͽˡ
ƺƳɰ֮Ȫеһ˵䣬Ȼͼ֮ȪɿܳõĴšһʱעȫƺƳɵϣϣܿȻźǣıַǳ
һṦ֮Ȫܽ˻᳡һƺƳһļĶȻ»ص˸ղŵλϡԺеˣղƺƳȻ֮Ȫȥȡʲôġ
һĻȥˣУĶǴˣѧԱȥȡһ£Ӧûκ⡣鱾Ȼˣʱ䣬ص㷢ͺֵ˼ˡ
ȣƺƳҪȡĻΪʲôһҪѧԱȥأǸյʦղžվߣӦ÷ǳΪУЧͣΣ֮ȪλòҲԱߣҪѧԱȥȥĻôУҲӦýе֮Ȫô֮õƺƳҪĶѧԱпܰٷ֮ʮϵģ֪УУҵĴ¥ϣ˵ȥȡˡ
һ룬ǾͲѵóۣƺƳ֮ȪȥȡǹġôĿĺȻΪ֮ȪѧԱʦǰһ࣬ҲǵڸˣѧԱƺƳйϵģ棬ǸôӦ˰ɣ
һƺƳΪʲô֮ͦȪ˵ְͣƺƳҲѽ˷ľٶֻ˵֮Ȫ׼ȷ˵֮Ȫе쳣־ͿԵõˡ
һʱһǳе뷨Ҫ֪֮ȪǺҲȻôܹһɲǨȥƺеϵüǰˣˣʱȻӦǸˣʡָ
ҪһɲΡзȨֻʡί쵼ˣһеʡί쵼һһͷһ飬Ҳ֮Ȫʲôϵˡ˵֯ģƺҲ̫ܣΪƺƳõϣܹ˵ϻģ˴޿֮⣬Ӧþͻֻ¬ˣͬӦú֮ȪҲκιϵ
һڤ˼˺һǲҪ죬ϰԵȥ´̵ʱƵ˵ҲʲôطȻ̡
һһѣܿ˿Ȼһ˿ҶԾ֪⣬˭һ״ЦŶ˵ллѣղ飬һûע⡣
ܹĸղųȥǸСӣȥƺƳӦеϵҪǸȤĻһȵԺ󣬿ʴһ£֯ĳ񸱲ӦúǼһ˵ȻѾһһﲻðԲһ䡣
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷûпڣȴѵǶѽһŭɫԹ߶ܿˣԺһҪע⣬ǴΪٵĻ֮һö
˵䣬ֻ̨һæңȻ쵼ǹˣæֹͣ˽ǰȥһ˵УǰǺҢںͺнӴԭһȽ׽֯޿ģʡί鳤ߺ֯񸱲¬ˡ
ѧԱǼ쵼ˣһĹƣﶼٴ˼쵼Ҳܼס㣬ϵģҪȻԵ㶼࣬ǾͲˡ


İٶʮ ᣬ
쵼ǾԺƺƳҲǸд˵λȻͿʼֹ
Ļ飬ģʽһģ˵ǿ񣬲˵쵼ǡһ㡣쵼Ҳףֻһʡ1999ѵ࿪࣬ȴҪӲͬĽǶȽвһ˱˵ĻеѶȿ֪˵ǵĸӶǵУǰ׼ˣǵרְˣ˭Ҳܱ֤쵼Ͱ׼õĸӽ
ĺҢˣʼǰ׼õĸӣͰ˭֪˺棬ͽƫˣƫò̫࣬û漰˽ݡ
ҢϵĸǰһƣŻͲ˵ǰʱ䣬ںһЩͬ־۸бμӱѵѡʱ򣬾ڵѵ൱Уиͬ־̫ᣬ̫̫ͣʺϲμࡣҵʱ˵ˣôˣ˼ҺҲжʮˡˣڵطϸɳ˲ĳɼͬ־ȫǺ󱸸ɲΪʲôͲܲμѵأ˵⣬涨ģǻѽĹ涨Щ˴˸ס˵ǰɣ
Ң˵Ժ󣬹ͣ˻ͷ޿ĵһ˼״Ҳ׷Ч£ѧԱǸİơ
ȴҵƽϢԺ󣬺Ң˵ǵĸȱʱǶһʱ˿ɲŶʮͷѽвٲʮˡ꣬ǲһҵɵúȻ˻˵ʱͬˣȷʵ㲻ɷϣҾòܵʲôʱҶӦвһ˲ŵǺ͵ʶομѵѧԱһǾʡֱλ͵طϸѡ˲ţǶӦ㹻
˵ԺﱬҵοɶѧԱԷģûκұ֮ǰκһҪΪҡ
޿Ŀ̨²ٵףҢ⻰˵ЩģЩȻֳҲ⿪ʽûнǾܵõϢˡͺҢöģǻ۵ʱȴ˲ͬΪʡίǳԪͦŵͨ
һɲѵѡҪϵ˸߹Ļϣ˾ɡôĿĺȻֻǻӣ˸¡
Ң껰Ժ󣬽쵼һһԣѧԱǻ˯ֲòǿ񡣼أҪһСıǿɲġ
һ糿żˣڸо򼱣һԺʵڱﲻסˣǾվèȥԺһ׼һ֧̣һ£תһ룬Ƿˣ첽ȥٻͷʱ򣬿̸վõſڡһе㻳ɣǲǹģҪȻôôɺءУ˶ں棬һжӦģǰȫпܡ
һæӭȥЦ˵̸Σǲ˼ʱͻȻǰˣҴӼʱ򣬳һ㣬ûüȥ㣬ʽһȥǼ顣һ̬ȺܳϿңΪڵ绰Ѿ˵ˣ糿ȴʧԼˣԴʱӦǸ
̸һĻЦ˵г㲻Ҫżоһ£ûʲôõķסúúõģٴҲе㲻̫ʡɣȥЭһ¿𼱡˵꣬ݸһЦҲȥ
ʲô˼żʲôƵģȴһұżǼˣʲôżġһﰵȥЦԼеˣ˼Ҳ򼱣Ķġ
һ»صλԺû󹦷򣬻ͽˡ쵼˳ԺƺƳǿ䣬ҪǹڽѧϰţҶֻ֪һʽѡУѧϰҪĿģΪ˸Լ϶Ʋ˭ҲûָѧʲôƺƳ˵ߡ˵Ժ󣬲ɢᣬѧԱǲŷ׷˳
Ժæһ̣ǵвٶǹ糿ڻûأܾˡһơʡܷ˾һ𣬱̱߳ߴţ
ܷЦŶһ˵һСֵܣڿǴѽղźڻϾͲˡ
ܸ磬ɱҿ̣ôûǵĵҸղſûпСѽһװ֪ʵ
ϵܣҪˣҪǾǹװܷһ̣˵ղźǿ׿˵ˣμѵĶʮˡɲǲ˵㣬˵˭أ
һ֪ǶȥˣЦ˵Ҳһ˵ѽμѵ˿ɲѽǾ͸ҿ϶ûʮˡˣ
Ǻǣϵܣͱǫˣҿ˵ǶԵġһļ˵Ҹղϸһ»᳡ѵʮ˵У⣬ǵ֮Ȫˣ֪ģʮһˣԺǸղ˵Ķʮˡɲһָ㡣˵⣬Ҳμ֮ǰаĳϵһҲǸ
ԭ֮ȪԼһҲǸһﰵʶӦñȽһҪúһġ
һ֮ȪʼջһŽ䱸֮ģΪԷµǸʵ̫ˣʱ֮ӦòʲôޣȻ֣ˣɲòѽǰȥԺ˾޹ϸˣԹزνͬڵУѧϰˣҪ˽һб޻
ѧԱſϢһᣬеУкȥʳóԷˣ͸ϢղŲλ쵼һûߣҪѧԱǹءϢԺ󣬲ɵüӴ˽ŲЩ˵һӡԺǨͻ᷽࣬Բ˭ǱȽġ


İٶʮ ¬
Ժһһ£ֹʮ֮࣬ѧԱȻֻʮˣǼ쵼Լǵ˾飬еУˣİӦֻٲࡣ
ÿϵĲƷûʲôر֮̾ƵĵοǲͣҺлУ֮˻ѣΪҢʹ޿ԵʣҪȻĻԲôߵĵΡ
ѧԱԺ쵼ͽˣһǻİ棬ûУǾڵڷŵһϡ
һͬʱע⵽һȤ֮Ȫ쵼һϣҼеһ˱Ա
ѧԱλɵУİţҲ˵֮Ȫλ˿Ϊ֮ĵĹٳأÿһϸڣֻҪȥ濼ܷеİأЩʱҲǺȤһ顣
һǰһĻʱͷ͵һͷУ̸꿺˵Ǹ쵼ʲôʲôģ᲻ָľ֮ȪһΧ۵㣬ϸ˼һûеġ
ƺƳ֮֮ͦȪпܲʲôæһ֮ǰ;ֿԲ˵֮ȪλҲͣҲûиߵƺƳȥĸ߶ȡھֻʣһֽˣǾ֮ȪƺƳ֮ݹϵԶԷŻ᲻ҪƳȥ
Ҫ֮ĹϵѣֻҪ֪֮Ȫˣ֮ȪƺƳ֮ݹϵĻҲһͷĹϵΪһ֮ȪΪ˸ǶĻǶ˲Խ˲СıǮҪƺƳ̨ĻҪľʡίУĳУҪԼһίĻǻһ绰飬ĶҪԼȥ˼
ԺһҪͲʽһ飬ֶ֮Ȫ飬쳣Ĺע˵ԭԼ˵һ˵˽ģѣĵˣΪʱ̶λ㡣
һ˼֮ʣѾʼˡѧԱǵ˼ȻھƲ棬۾쵼һҶڵŻᣬȥһƣ˭жֻĬĬعעš
ٳϾҲйصģȥ˭Եġǽ˵ÿѧԱȥ쵼ľȻǲʵģ˵쵼ܲܺȵȥʱҺģɺͳ
ǵУĿʽ쵼ӦûѧԱǾƣȻһʽ쵼ѵӡУͿ˭ץסᣬؾ쵼һˣ˵쵼ȲȣȫҪؼͨ쵼ܶеӡ㹻ˡ
һǰһĻģ˵ʵҪͺҢ޿׽ĻеǱõĻᣬûбҪѧȥƴɱ
˴ԼжʮӵĹ쵼ˣˮ¥̨ȵ£ȾľٽǵһƺƳɵİ£֮Ȫץס˻ؾ쵼һƵĻᣬҢûиӣֻ΢˾٣˵ȣ촽ɻкôһξءˣ֮Ȫ쳣һע⵽̶̰ӵĹȻǺڱ߿۾ĴΡ
һͬʱע⵽һѾСˣС۾ʲôͷô¶ֵˣ֪еİɣϴȥǱ߳ʱģСáһЦһĶԸǰЩζ緹Եò࣬ʱ򣬻Ƕˡ߳Ա̧ۿͬˣ⼸ûڶӵģĿֻЩ쵼תƣ·Ƕ˾Ůһ㡣
ϰǶ˵ٵֻҪˣкóԺúȵģʵĶ֪еĸʿࡣý˵̾ƺϵΣҲǽԺЩѧԱУӦаٷ֮ʮûгԱΪǵ˼ͲڳԷ档һȻܹԱİٷ֮ʮеˣΪڼû˺Ⱦƣֲֻ̣ܳһĳԲˡ
쵼ǾҲǱʾһ˼ѵˮʽģмѧԱؾĻᣬмһ߶ǺܿһڵһѧԱͱϹϾվˣ·ǵȴĵʿһ㡣
ҢžƱ˵ͬ־ǣҺͿĲԼ鳤¬һһ˵꣬ѾƱ߷ȥһֽʪʪѡ쵼ɣҲͺҢ࣬ѧԱƱһ
ǵе˸ղžԾԾˣ쵼ˣҳˣΪҶܸ쵼һӡȻǺ£㲻ܵĻٲһӡǿɾˡ
ѧԱǺԺ󣬺Ң׼תȥˣѧԱǵдʧ֮顣ͻȻҢͣס˽ŲһʵСӣ㿴ȥ𣬶ˣʻԺ˱׼뿪ģæסŲȻҲ쵼ûںҢǰĵ
һʻԺ󣬺⣬ǹػشǣãҽʮꡣ
ŶǸʲôģСҢһ˵ˣ˸оڽ˼ʵ޿Ƶģܲǵ˵ֵģΪ캫Ң
ǣûмǴĻӦǽһ¬ںҢһ䣬Ȼ󣬵㹻һ˶ˡ
һ⻰Ժæ˵ǣλ쵼ݺеһǱ


İٶʮ ǲˬ
Ң˵ͷûпڣ޿ȴ΢Ц˵Сӣμѵˣúøɣ
һæ˵лл޲һλ쵼
ĻԺ󣬴޿ĵ˵ͷȻ򺫼ҢһơҢһѧԱ˰֣Ȼһȥ֮ǰɨ¬һۣ¬ͷʾ⡣
֮ĶСǶҢ˼Ǹ¬¬ҵˣҿǸˡ¬Ȼͷʾлͬʱ߶Էˡһ̧ۣһͷ˸ӵĽѹִҶ˵Ĺ˲Ŷڹٳһû
Ң޿ġ¬ߵñȽϽ˽ҲܲȴڲͬȦӡҢڻʡĸԳһɣ˭СĴڣ޿ǳԪˣǾ˽֪ܣ¬Ȼֻ֯ĳ񸱲˵ûԳһϵվӴ¬ңֻˡ
Դ¬˻Ժ󣬺ҢߵþͱȽϽɵʡԽϵһ㣬Ҳ֮СҢ֮׽¬һҪԭ򣬾Խ¬ҵĵɽ¬ӡȻһֱ¬ҶλʡǷǳصġ
һ֪ղźҢƼ򵥵һʻȻôණúҢ˸ӣϡϵԵʣһҪҪǱʾһл
һò¬֣֪ͨ¬֣Ĺϵͬһ㣬Ͼ˫δı棬벻Էһڱ֣ɷϵ˵ﻹһЩ֮еġͷ￼ǲҪȥݷһ¬Ͼӽ쿪ʼʽʶˣҪǲȥһµĻƺе˵ȥȻҲû¾ϣ׼ȥһô˵˼ǲġ
쵼Ժһ˳˼ͬȴùĿ⿴ﶼڲ¼ɣһ﾿ʲôˣղŹÿһλ쵼ϤϵǸղڻϵǷҶе۾֮СĪλȥĬˣʲô˵ͷ뵽Ժ󣬴Ҷе㲻ˣǷ׷׾Ʊһľơ
һȻ֪˼⾿ô£ԼûȻ⻰˵Ҳֻúһһֻ˼һ£ûİѾƺȵҪĻһǲĻҲ߲ˡ
쵼ǾһԺֻصϣʮԺ󺫼Ңʹ޿뿪ˣ¬͸ߺһᣬҲ뿪ˡ
ǶԺЩѧԱǿʼԾ׷׺顢Ʊյٱϵ˶һƣȻزʶ˭ǴӣѾγ˹ʶ˲򵥣ʡίмӵˣ㻹ȥϵǲɵ
ֱʱ֮Ȫŷһ˵ʵѹû뵽һμѵࡣһָƣҲ֪ô£Ƕرע
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֮ȪԴӱԺ;˵һƽһƽƵĸо򳤿ʼ𲽣һֱֱŹμѵ࣬Ѿ˵ˣԺ󣬻صȥȽ⣬Ҳ˵Ȱ㶨˵ʲôְʱȥĻ˵˸һȵʱˡ
֮ȪǰһĻʵںǲˬȻϢˣʵûһͷءǾһɵСӣֻײ־Ƶ飬ĶĽ졣뵽Էյίʱ򣬾ͱһÿÿ£̿ס֮С벻ףɵñȻҲڹٳϻ÷ˮʵ̫ûˡ
ȥᣬʱȥˣΪϼе飬һŸϹԻûаᡣߵƺƳɵǰ˵壬θе㲻ȥһ£㿴
Ŷ˴ȥ㰲źˣᣬӰ㡣ƺƳɱ˵̸̸߳֡꿼״æ¿ӣͷѸճԽһֻϺϣȻѸվ˹
ƺƳָ֮Ȫ̸˵̸Σǵ֮ȪҲǱڵѧԱûܹỹûأȥһ¡
̸󣬵˵ͷȻ֮ȪһĶ
֮Ȫ̸Ժ󣬾ֱ331ǰ̸Կ״ţ֮Ȫ˽ȥ̸֪ǰ˺ƺƳɵĹϵͬһ㣬ǿ˵ǵУȽϼª뽫ͽ͡
̸Ȼ˵ͣȴΪΪǻ˹ˡһ֮Ȫŵ330ģ˭֪ͻ䣬ʡίǺҢȻڿʽϣýֱķʽ˵˶һ֧֡
ҲһӲ֪ѵжʮˡɲ˭̸ΪУô֪ܲءһĵҲһˡҪ±쵼֪ˣιҲ͸ɵͷˣȥ;һʱŻһ˵ǡ


İٶʮ Īĳ
;Ժ̸꿾ûٽȥ˰331˳Ϊ˸ʱ䣬Զ֡һѵᰲϣͳһ£ѧԱֻʮˣȴռ˶ʮ˼ᣬҲ˵סĵ䡣
ͲŻԭ򣬵ȴö֮طˣеһһСʱǰŸոġǹУرࡣ
֮Ȫһᣬ˵ʵһҲ⣬ʲôģҲˣؼһùζƺþûסˡǰ⣬ղŵһۿµŮʱ־֮УڽΪһ¡֮Ȫ飬ƺƳһйԷôӡ
΢ЦŶ̸˵̸Σǰɣǲ˼鷳ˡǵУᣬһ㵹Ҳûɶֻǲ֪ǷŵйɺصùζҪס᲻ʲô飿
̸⻰һ࣬˵ʵ֮ǰֻæʰζˣղŴŵʱѾŵˣֻװûһ㣬ڶԷȻˣû취ٻرˡ룬ùζȷʵڣңҲûа취Ҫ84ʲôģֻζš
ЦŶ֮Ȫ˵֪Уո֪ͨǵģǵ֮ǰѾ׼ˣʮˣʮ߼ᡣУ˼Ҫ㰲һ䵥˵ᣬֻʱţŸոģе㡭̸˵⻰˼ȷͲҪĵˣΪ˸Ѿˡ
⻰֮ȪĶȴһ˼ǰŮȻڱԹû£˼˵ѾΪһˣ㻹˵ģе㲻֪ˡ
֮Ȫ̸һۣ˵Ҫ̸θղ˵Ļ֮ǰӦþһ䵥ᣬ԰ɣ
̸⻰üͷһ壬˵ʵһۿ˵ʱеøеģȥǺһˣǾϻ˵Ķԣ˲ò࣬ˮɶ
֮Ȫ⻰̸꿺ܲˬȴòش͵һЦ˵ķӦǿ죬˵һ㲻֮ǰȷʵһ䵥ᣬʱ򣬾ѾųȥˣҲ˼ٰ˵ǰɣ֮Ȫشּ˵Ҳ֪ڷģ˭֪˼ҺǲվԾ˭ҲҪõʱԼѿ
֮Ȫ̸꿵Ļɫ֪Էָɣ˼ˣʱѡĻԺڵУٿŮ˵Ļƾ͵ƵˡʱֻӲͷƤˣƺƳɽ⵳УһĶֵ治˭
֮ȪЦ̸˵̸Σ˵˵֮ǰǼ䵥᾿Ÿ˭ˣ˵Ҳҳʶ
̸꿸ղ˵ϣԷ֪Ѷˣ벻յĽȴ˶Է׷ʹ룬ȻĻͱңҪҪ֮ǰǼᣬԼȥ˼ɡ̸Ц˵ˣѾӡɣǸղź쵼һȾƵλǽһɣ
һ֮Ȫ˵⻰ԺʶԼʧ̬漴ں油һ䣬ʶˣ֮ǰͬء
Ŷ̸װܳԾӣ˵ȻʶǾ͸ˣҪҪǼ䵥ĻȥɡҾӦ죬Ҳȷʾס⣬Ӧûͬġ
̸˵⻰Ժֱת˳ȥѾٺͶԷȥˣҪΪƺƳнĻԹҺܸˣȴ֪رˣǾ͹ֲˡ˵ʵ֮Ȫܲˬ̫Լ̲ˣװʲôѽװ
֮Ȫ׼ڣֶԷѾˣɫˣȻ˼ǲˡ֮ȪӾҪһĻǱһŮ˸ˣ˵ǸĪĳ衣뵽Ժ֮ȪҲˣվŶ
˵ƺƳˣҲֱȥ˵֮Ȫİ취ϳУĴţֱȥһסƺƳɹ˽һ֪ϢģǵʱͿԿˡ֮Ȫ֮һҪһ¾Ů˵̬ܲˬ⣬һԭ򣬾סԭǼ䵥һ
緹ԺһͱʡƵųţ˶˵ƣûпֱӴһһǵ뷨֪޷̽һ£ôʶǼλ쵼ġ¬һ˵Ңʹ޿ǲͨǵŮ֪ģﻹûףҲҪ˵ô͸¶һ㣬Ҳˡ
ϳԺ˾ȥĶ˶֪𡣸ղѾһȥ裬˭Ҳ֪ȥĶҶӦǺϤȻϴٽ󣬸оûȥˣΪҲ֪ϴǶϰ򵥵ģȻ˼߶ˡϴǲٹȥĻɾǹˡ
˲֪ʱ򣬹ܷˣ˾˵͵ǰǸʮ·ڣǷ󣬶ܹؿŹܷǰûϴԡĵطѽ˵ĺܿ϶ӣ˶ûпڡ
ӳԺ󣬽̲סˣԹܷ˵ϹܣˣѽĶϴԡĵطĪ׼ԡ
ȥģҿ뷨ءܷЦŻһ䣬һۣ˵ǴӵУſϵĳҪǸ˾ֱӰ͵ϴԡȥָôءһϢҪǴȥĻһʲôܷ˵Ժͣ˻һؿˡ


İٶʮ ˲
ôһ˵ñ亹ֱðһ֮ȪһҲǳעģҪСԸ˵ʲô˳ء
ȻȥϴԡĲһ͸ʲô˵飬ĸ㻨߳Ҳǲԡ뵽Ժ󣬼˶ԹܷĴĴ磬ϵʱ㲻С
´һ⳵ֱܷ˾͵αȽϸһϴԡġ˾һѸٿ˳ӡ
Լʮң⳵ͣһˮĵſڣһװΣͺܲǽȥԺ󣬰̨ϵŮæЦʵλһ𣬻Ƿֿ
ܷæ˵һģȻһˡ
Ļ߹һ˧СӣǻЬȻԡȥ˻¼ԺСӳһơ
ܷæʵҪİأôϴѽܷ˵⻰ʱм֮⣬ȻˣһĻǵ˼λֵܡ
Ļæ͵ԡС
ܷһЩҲסˣһ䣬ѿӷƨһ٣˵һơ
һЦ˵ܸ磬ҺͬУȰŰ䣬ȻȥϴӦøΪһ㡣
ܷһ֧Ĺ۵㣬ֿ˻е˵ѽģе˾֪ϹڣڵҲ֪ǽˣ˲ˡ󣬶ͬĵ˵ͷʵУЩ黹ȷʵܼ򵥵һҪôӣ˭Ҳ֪ôȥˡڲǶа򵥻ҲǴ亦Ժˡ
˺úڳһԺ󣬴ԡۣмʮɳȥҲͦڽ͸΢ĵƹ⣬ԿһЩű¶ŮΣʱʱشһŵЦһƶһۣȻղظǰȥ
Ժһ治һĴɳԵúܿġǸһᣬʹܷ˵һ漴һʮŮ˽Ϳźķ۵ףѵµĺۼ۽ǵβƣԡ
ŮվԺЦ˵λϰ壬вС㣬ַζУҪҪѡһ£
ܷʱñ̬ˣ˵λֵܣǿأĻ󣬴Ҷûб̬۾һʱȻѾеϴˣСڹٳУܶʱǿԺԲƵģΪؼйϵʵ̨Ӳ
һʱҲʶڿ˼һۣ˵Щ˰ɣҿǰż˹һ½ţǲλ磬ǿأ
ʵ϶ģô˵˶ǹٳˣڵУޣ˭ҲɵȥЩġǶ˵ʲô뷨ҲһҪʱɣĻϵ̫ˡ
ܷ󣬶ǰŮ˵СʱԺ󣬰ʦһ½ţľͲҪˡ
ϰ壬㿴⡭Ů˻׼һĹһ۾ܿ⼸λȱǮ˵ǾȻһҪȻܲġûŮ˼룬ʺȵ䲻ãôţҸѾ˵ˣûף
Ů⻰Ժæⲻǣ˳ȥ˼󣬶Բ˴Ĵ硣Ц˵ЩŮˣǲܺǿҪȻϻµģ˵û꣬˵¡
һ󣬲ɵõ˵ͷȷʵˣƽʱⷽӦԺáҲӦûʲô⣬Ǹ鳤ְλģһ㶼ǽеġˣһûʲôգΪǶԼһĶֵصϴе㰮ҲղŹܷνʲôȻ޷رܣǾֵ͸¶һ㣬ñ˼һһһ⼷
ԺһЦ˵λϸ磬һԸղŵúְɣʵ˵ģԼûôأ
˵϶¶˲ŵ顣Ц˵˵һϵܣɱǣղ˭óǶɺǿѽһʮأΪʲôмأ˵ɺʲôģ¼λֵܣŰɣ˵ǰɣǺǡ˽ӵĻ͵ǵģǵġ
һЦ˵Ҫ˵ǲţԼأôġҪ˵еԭҵҲһ㲻֪ԺĲһͣԺ˵⼸λ쵼ҶǵһμǺǵŮʹ޲ĶӣҺǵ֮һղžѾˣֻ˵ô࣬˵ǲ⣬Ҳûа취ˡ
һĻ˶ɴ۾ǻ˼ԣҲ˵ͺǵŮʹ޲ĶӶѡ˵ĻһıأǲﰵԴ׻˵ۣȺ֣ܹҵĹӡСߵһˣⱳȻҲ򵥲ˣ˼ҲԸἰȻҲöˡ
֮Ҫ͸һϢһҲĿǣ⼸˲ĻԺ󶼿ԳΪٳϵôᣬԼʵչʾһӦöγ˵Саġ˵ˣ˵СȺȻһϴ⣬һһչʾӦöλ޿֮̽ˡ


İٶʮ 
ʵӱȽϼһĻɴ˵ֵܣʲôʱʶЩҲõֵǻȥԺҲһţƤʱѽ
˵ʵҲͬ뷨ֻ˵˳æصͷڴؿһ
һ˵ղǷԺ󣬾ѾԤϵĽˣ˵ʵⲢʲôѰ飬Ҳ׵ɿڡһװһ˼Ժ˵޲ҵλٲ֪ʱ䲢ڻʡڣ»治ôð졣
һ˵˶йܲ˼ҴĸȥǵŮɣĻҲŲѽ
˵ıһȻǵ˼һԺ󣬼˵
ѽֵܣлһ˵ѽĴɾڡӲ˵ȻϵıЦǺǵġ
һûüش𣬲һģֵܣҪٺ˵һһ룬ҰнСˣô࣬ƾ㵹ҲԸ⡣
ĻЦһֻ޿κεҡҡͷѶϵĲ豭ί˵ڰ⣬ǾȻԸңǺûкñѽ
һһ˵е㲻ˣЦ˵ֵܣ˵뵽⣬ղǻջأҪòĻСҸˣϿûôǮ
õһͣһ£˵һ£ҲǲУ¾һᡣ
Ļĸ˵۾ˣƽϢһĻûгԿЦ˼ˡ
һҲ˼ٵ˵θˣ˵ǵŮŮʱڻʡأǰʱǻһԷģٽ棬Ҳϴ˵һǴΡ
Ȼɵȥʲô飬Ƕ˵ģһһ˵Ȼ˼ҲԸ˵ģǾ˵˵ǲ˵Ȼûȥ˵ǵעҲϴγʲô档
ƿһʵǲ֪ĶأǼһ棬ǳԶٷҲñʾһ֮⡣ƵĻԺҲæͣһ湲ͬ壬һһ˳һ֧֡
һź˵ǷھĶҲǸղ˵ǻһڻʡڡ
ǰ䣬˶ей˼ʱȼϣܷǰ˵ʲôʱӦ죬ܸ֪ɣ˵ʱܸûɣ
һ룬ܻܲ˵׼ⲻȡǣؼλ˼ǲǵͷ⻰Ȼܵ˵˵һ˼Ժ˵λϸ磬ɣȻǹǲǻӦ죬һҿԱ֤ѧϰ֮ǰһŴһԸǰǿô
⻰Ժ󣬶¶ϲ֮ɫ˵ֵܣˬˣ翴ѽٺ٣
һ󣬿񺹲ѣһǰķҲ̫һ㣬е㲻ӦˣЦų˱˱ȭил˼
Ϊµ͸һˣ˭֪λõ϶ĴԺȴѶԭڵʱ˭͵棬ִã˭Ҳû˵˭ֻԼʱ˵ˣһ΢Цҡҡͷ
ѽ¹Ĺؼʱ̣˭ҲòģҲ˵ϣôȥ㣬Ͼǲùĵ飬˭˵Ȼˣ˵飬Ҳȥ
˰öԺ󣬹ܷ¿ͷһťһᣬ֮ǰǽǸ߾ͽˣȻ𱷢ûĲˣȻͲźˡܷ˵ǵҪԺ߾ȥˣһṦŵŮͽˣͳһװȥȽ档˽ˣȻȥصĻ⣬ǾͿʼ
Ժ󣬽кԷ飬һæܾ˵ǽеʱ䣬һۡ˼˵ɷн£Ҳûж˾ĽദӦû㲻֪һȷʵ¡
һȻ˵УȥȡҪȳԹŻȥȻǲǻбİţͲһҪĵˡܻ쵽λãܶʡﶼеϵģѧϰĻȥ߶߶ݷðݷãӦǺбҪġֻƵ˵Ĺϵһ޷һȣǲŲøߵĸԭڡ
һʱ˼ȫڼ׼ȷ˵õϡڻ̸֪֣׼Թ緹Ժ󣬴绰ȥһʡ˭֪ǼһӲȥˮˣûҵᡣ
Ժ֣ĵ绰绰ͨԺһѯȥõ˭֪Էֹֻ˵ڼءһʶÿڼأл̫˵ǳŵ绰˵һͻˡ֣һ͹Ҷ˵绰
һһ·ûʲô˼ʼõ飬벻ôлǿһȥġ˵ʵеͷۣεˣǽѾΪǣ˵
뵽Ժһ˽һȥԺֱõʱ治֪ôڡҪһС˵˵Ļ⣬ܵʵ䷴ЧɾͲˡ
뵽ԺһһŸ֣СʱԺ󵽼¥׼֣ͨ˽һȷôý֣Ķźܿ˹֣֪ˡ


İʮ Ц
ʱһǳ⣬һ˵Ƴ̶ȲǾǵУ̸꿡ʱһ֮Ȫֱ˦ֶȥʱȷʵŵ˼ųģǵһμһûס
ص칫ң侲ԺеˣΪڶ֮Ȫ̬ȣǲ֪ƺƳɡ
ͨ飬Ѿ֮ȪһƺƳĳϵҪȻĻΪУĳУƺƳɲһѧԱ˹עġһ͸̸꿴󣬾λǰΣء
ղȥǱ߿һȦѾ֮ȪӰˣܵſһ֪ǼһȻסѧУһұȥˡ
ΪһѧԱѳֱӿ˵УıſڣȻҡڵ˽ȥŸĵġȻμѵѧԱûм˻סڵУ棬ǿĻҲӦߵԶһ㣬ؾſڿɡĻҲ̫е㲻ѵУĹƶȵˡ
̸⻰ԺǲһôĿȻҪÿˡͨƺƳ̸꿵Ĳ̸޺޵δҲ̫Сһ㣬һ˾ȻһŮӹȥûߵǿɳ֮
̸Ȼǳ֮ˬ޿κΡڰ칫ⲽͷȴڸת˼ŶԲߡ
˺һԺŷһֱһԵĴѧԱ϶ԽںƺƳɣ֮ȪֻҪƺƳ£֮Ȫѵڼһֱסڶı棬Ҳûκιϵ
뵽Ժ͵ֻȻʵĸоͶƺƳͼı鷢Ժ󣬴ʹֻа֮ǰļƻǰˡ׼Ȱѿʱ䰤ȥȻʵʩжڿʱҴѽһ֮ȪѧԱڿӣһ棬ŸУҲ񡣻̸꿾ٵȥˣж
óֻƺƳɰ칫ҵĵ绰ڵ绰˵У飬ûаãҪ֣ԼԷԸ
ƺƳڵ绰һȻ˵ڻǲ飬ҪûеĻǾһԸ̸æ˵û£ܶҵ㡣⻰ԺҲ̫¶ˣæĿڵָԷǺȲ衣
ƺƳĻֻһȻ͹Ҷ˵绰룬СٸȻ̲סˣȵľʱ򡣻ζղ仰ƺƳɾõĸоûǾͣҲ˻Ƿ룬Խ͵Խ˵ˡ뵽ԺƺƳ¶һ˿Цݡ
̸꿷µ绰ԺֻϻģԼôôСģ˵ʱҲ룬ʲô˵δҲֱ̫һ㡣ĻƺƳˣûСڿҲãٰĶѾˣʡϳԷʱ򣬻Ҫٰʾʲôġ
뵽ԺҲ¶˵ЦݣվȥҪؼһˣǰϸǼµ¿´ϡʱǸۻԱĵض˵ҪǴ·Ļ֤Ϲһ鲻Խʱ̸꿵Ժֳ︡ƺƳɵģ
һ¥µʱ򣬹Ȼ֣վ¥ݿڣĳԺ첽˹ϳԺ֣˵ƭ˵㶫һȥ
ô£ûУһȲʵղһ·ϣ˺üִ𰸣Ƕò̫ԷǳеҪ֣̽Ϣ
˺һᣬſ˵ʼʱʼշϣӲ˵ûǻ£˵ϿһкһģҲò˵ġ֣˵˵ģӦⲻ󡣡
֣ͣԺ󣬼˵˵ǸкӴһͿʼͬѧˣһֱǰʱԷףҲûдӦԷֻദţԲûмʱǡ
Ŷô˵кȷʵͬѧһʵ
ô˵ģ첻˵ǸкһѧӦûʲô⣬ҿѵӡ֣
ûôлǿһȥģһʵ˵ʵС̸鵹ԣԼҲǴǸʱģˣ̸ʲôģҲǴ˵顣ĵôлǿߵһȥģԴ֣˵Ǽһ֮ǰԺ˵ǷǳУǾһ͵ӵܡ
ҲˣֱΪֹ֪ǳԷľлǿء֣˵˵лԣ֣лǿԷ˵ҪǳԷлԣԸ⣬һѣлǿŲòӦˣлԣѣΪΪֹûгϺ˼̸أ
֣˵һԱȽɵģһԤϵòûклǿκιϵ֮һٽֻһѡ˵лԣлǿ֮ʲôϵһ֪
糿˽Ժûж˵СʲôֻǸοԺһˡⲻѾһˣղŻ͵͵֣᲻֣ᷢҡҡͷ˵ʵ治һ̬ȣûʲô⣬˵Ӧò
һѵ˵۵һ£Ц漴˵ɲѽǺǣҸӦûʲô°ɣСãһ˽ġ


İʮһ ڹսǴ
Ѿ̽ˣ㾿׼ô˵ʵҿóСѾͷе㡣ӵԺ󣬾òش̬ȣҿʲôҲû˵֣һ˵
ղڻ·ϣ˼һ⣬׼ҪûʲôϵĻˣڣҾǸк֮ˡô˵лǿ֮һеϵǳԷһ£Ϲϵˣʲô˵ġһ֣ص˵
һҾ⻰˵еϣôأĶлǿйϵľûкˣ֣˵
⻰Ȼеˣһлǿйϵദһ治ôģҲݰɡһ˵
ǡ֣˵ʲôתһ룬Ƿˣһ˵ֻҪ˾Уһ˵ʱתһ㣬˵ʵҸое㣬ɱ
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ھȥ̸ɣһٻȥ̸ҪһȥĻһ֪Ұ֮ǰ˵ĻˣĻҾͺͽˡ֣˵
һ˵ͷȷʵҪеڳĻҶΣ֣֮Ĺϵһ£˵ɣСʱԺȥʱӦú̸ˡ
֣˵ͷһӳԺ˳Сú˵£
һ¥ݿȥȥͬʱ˸OKơ
֣һӰʧԺ󣬲Ź˳˵ʵ޳һôǴΪõĽǶȳ־ΪյղŲŰ˵һĻ˻
ڳ֣ͷȴ˼ǲҪΪСʲôʲôأһӻûʲôͷ

ȻѾ°ʱ䣬̸Դڰ칫һֱڹעͣڲԶ쳵ʱȵͣǶ˵˻ڰ칫û°ءڵ̸ﰵ뵽绰ĻͲԷȥǲ֪Ϊַ
ߴӴߣᲦŪһµļµʱ;еӽˣɵǸСѾͷ˵ܰزеøӷΪ˷ֹţСѾͷͦͦԼز˵䲻ǶȥʵС̸꿾ԼĶδرһĻҲСѾͷġ
ղŻؼҰȥԺŷֿǸСѾͷĵˣȻվӵʱЧȷʵܾյе㴭е㲻֮УΪ˽ļƻȥˡ
뵽Ժ̸ߵ绰ûԥͲԺǴĵĺ룬漴ߴཱུʱ̸꿸оͨͨľдɤĳĸоԼʮӣ绰Ǹڴõιλ
̸æشУң̸꿣һ£ǲİţ̸˵⻰ʱ򣬶پȻӿࡣ
ŶС̸ѽ챾мӵģҶˣٵһᣬ⻹е飬Ժ󣬸绰ƺƳ˵⻰Ժ󣬲ȶԷش𣬵Ҷ˵绰ʵڰ칫ʲôҲûУڵƣһֱڵ̸꿵ĵ绰
ʱ䣬ƺƳ˵ŸУ̸е㻢˼е㲻ˣУðײ˱Ͳ࣬ںò״ŻᣬɲͷˡǳĿǣž֮ǰļƻǰ˵Ϊǿ꣬ʱɲκԥ
ƺƳڵĲɵִ˼Ժ󣬰סˣվĶȫڰ棬Ȼ¥ȥˡ
Ӱճ¥ݿڣ̸꿾ͷˣоԷߵĴˣæͷ˵е˼Ҳ̫ˡһ־濴˵ľֵŮˣͶɰصġⷽ棬ĵʵܽˣ޲檣檲͵͵͵š
̸ȻҲǲѶΪֵ֮Ļ˼ҸʣκءˣǲƺƳɾһͶͱŮˣԸӻǵġ
̸꿾ܰӰƺƳɵһһܿúֻĴһȻ˳˽ȥ̸꿴ʱмֵģҪǶԷһţ쳵ȥ治֪Ǻˡ
̸꿵ĵȻǶģƺƳϳԺ󣬲ûӣǴӰó̸ֻæֻץϣҪһᣬͻΪʱ򣬶Է绰Ӧò˵ġʱ򣬴ĻȻٴ칫ҵĵ绰ˡ
Ȼ̸꿵ϣհֻץϣöһϤĺ룬¶˻ĵ΢ЦҶൢ飬æ˽ֻͲ洩ƺƳɵĦгӺųȥǰһսǴ㡣̸æ˵õģԷ漴Ҷ˵绰
ƺƳȻǵУĳУҲأͲʲô飬Ǻ˳ضǸŵľΪȵһκ鶼С͵͵ŮĻ飬ǵСĽĻ롣
̸¥ʱ򣬿쳵ػ˳ȥæĿȥʱƺƳҲ߿ųĲ˻һЦһоڲе˼ƺƳ͵طϦ£ǰŮ˾ѹִҶΪʲôУһʵƺƳɱ߿߰Ѳͷ̸Ƿβݺݵһۡ


İʮ Ϸ
ʱһǰ̸Ȼ֪ƺƳɵĿ⣬ʱͬʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµġ
˵õԸʵˣӦøоĲŶԣ̸꿴ʱһһ͵͵ĸоڰѳԿͶ׵ʱζûгɹλһԺ󣬲ɵġ׻˵飬һû
̸ĦгֱŶȥǰԼߡ˰Ժ󣬾һʮȵֱ䡣ѳͣ·ߣȻֱĺ쳵ȥ
ߵʱΣǲ˹ע˳ǰʱǼǰȻһţѸٴȥǶνһǳɡƺƳһֱڹע·ߵĶ̸˳ϳˣϣ˵Ȼһţ쳵ǰʻȥ
֣һĳϴ㽫ʮӲ¥ȥмҲܻصĸоǲˬΪ˷ֹûܣȥſڵС̵һЩνʲôġʵЩﶼУǰոðʱ򻹲Сʱı֣˵ϷĻЩɾеĵߡ
Ժ󣬼ɳ죬ΧǢûпʲôҩζװԾӣ˵Ϲʲôʱģôûп㣿
ҡһ׼شѾǰ˵ˣ֣һۣЦ˵˵еڻװѽ㲻ȥԱǿϧˣҪȻĻ˭˭˭һֻиЬķˡ
ãô˵ɩأҲǵ㣬㲻лҲͰˣô䳰ȷģһ˵Ȼһ֣˵˼ڿɾأһȥ֪һˣֱӿҵĳء
֣񺹲ѣ룬ǵ͹Сˣǰôһ֪ͲȥЩˡ֣ϵЩνף޲ðȫӵȥ
ʱͷڼתţҪôõǰ棬Ȼ۾һˡ֣ѸЩƷŽתԺ󣬶˵ղ˵ĶԣǶǲ㣬־ҲôˣԲŴ˼ӣ㵹ãֱӴɩӵˡ
֪СѾͷӲ˵ȷʵΪ˶ԷãԲôһСӦûеЧȻ˼ĻˣҲһĿתضÿ
һֱ֣ĺýǣʲôҲŶԷղżȥԺֱ˶ĳʱֱĸоԼԷԺ󣬲Ż᲻ɫ
֣ôһ˵е㲻˼ȡķҲǡǳǺõģҲûкġͨԺЦ˵õģҵĺɩӣҲˣ˰ɣȻݿƣ濴
֣⻰ԺһɣΪ£öʲôҪ֪ˣҪţǼǿɾǲײǽͷġЦ˵㻹˼ң˵Ժ󣬺һ϶û˯þҪôûȥѧУÿδӼʱ趼ңչ˺㣬Ҫʲô飬治֪ؼԺô˼ҽأ֣˵ʱȦģ֮Ա
æ˵ҲãҾûʲô˵ģԾûиǣûú̸ղŸѾ˵ˣҾԺˣǶں浣ġ
ã˵ǸкȥǸ˼ҵģǳԷǸһ治һöҪȻϽҲô㡣֣˵õ֡
˵ͷ˵һǵһμڽԺҪȥԷлԣһĲԸӣӲ˵Уһûм˳Էءӵĵ绰ԺҾˣ˵ǻѧУԣܾˣԼ򳵻ȥġ
һСõĻҪڵģӲסû˵֪һ̣ļԲȶʱӶעŵСõĶ
֣õĻЦ˵ȻĻˣȵĵʱɩӸһõģ뱣֤ǿ
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֣֪СѾͷ˼ˣҡҡ֣˵ˣˣû˵㵽ˡ죬ѧһˣ㳤ʶ㣡˵߰ק
뿪Ժһ˵ӣ۾Ȼŵӣ˼ȴȫõ档ղţС̸ԺӦûʲôˣΪõ˵ֻ֮ԺõѹϵûŮ档ԴӸղ˵Ǿ䡰ԣԺһ֪鷳ˣ֮ĹϵԲС˵ô򵥡
˵ղΪʲôô˵һԭ򣬵һСѣжľηҲŮߵıԣڶòû˵ѣһֱΪֻ֮ͨѹϵʵѾҷϵֻԼԸϰˡ
һֲȷģ¶ô״ٱ֮ǰҪӵöࡣҪ֣˽õ뷨Ա㼰ʱĶҪ˽һлԣкĵϸôлǿϹϵġ
ǰ̸̸ܣϾѾǸˣǶԷƷһҪɣ벻лǿ֮Ķ档Ļ֮ǰ˵ģǴõȣҲȥ̸ġ


İʮ ̫
Ժһˣ۾ؿǰĵֻóﲻʱɩĶЦ
һѭȥֻһˣȴЦݣҲ֪ΪʲôĳǰһĻһģξԲܵκ˺ĸʹ綼ߣһҪСø
һʱõ飬̸Ƕȴĵ֮СϳԺƺƳɾû˵һ仰쳵˶·Ժ󣬿ֱȥ̸֪ƺƳһڳˣȥ뵽ԺֺǺǵģмڴͬʱмֽš
˲ׯ߼ŵʱƺƳɰѳʻ˶·̸֪Ҫطˡ·һҲϤӡУû
ų⣬ŷȻѾˣĲǰȴ߲㽨ǵĵƹ⣬̸֪ӦסլҪסоǺܲҹŽˮḧ̰ߣҲһ⾳
ʱԺ͵ؼǰʱӦ̨ʹһʲôСǱģǲˣ۸񲻷ơʱǵУļŮ˻һЦ˵ʲôʱҲȥһ׵ģ󾭹һԺ󣬷ⱲӼûʲôˣֻõ±ˡ
̸ʱƺƳɵ˵ˣ㿴Ǽϴ߿ʱסҲܸɾһȥ䷿ȥͣȻҴ绰ƺƳɱ˵ַ߰ڶһ绰Ķ
̸꿴ƺƳɵĳԺԷҲһҲҪһʲôĻôԶĵطġ
ܽ飬˶֪ƺƳ̸ֱȥΪܲˬղ˵ĿԷԷû˵ȥѽ˵ҪôҲ˵ȥɣŮ˿˷֪ͨ㣬δҲе̫ˡ
ȻＫ䲻ˬ̸꿻ǴӺ쳵ľýƵȥԷϾ쵼ʱַĻյù̸꿵㣬ֻŶԷҪȥ
̸˾Ƶã÷Ժ󣬲ͨƺƳɵĵ绰803ɡ
˵Ժ󣬲ȶԷشֱӹҶ˵绰ΪһŮˣ̸꿸оƺƳɵֱǶһ裬ڵЩҵŮ˲ûκǳõǽǮõȨ֮䣬ӱ˵ȫһġ
̸ͨղŵǸֱӹҶϵ绰ķʽĲƺƳ֪ҲһѪŮˣҪԷ㹻ءǰǸϰһʱ˵ٲ˸£ֻҪһ㲻Ը⣬ǸϰǾԲǿġΣһֻϵĽû漰ԡ
̸꿴绰ԺɳţҲֻʹʹСӶѣҪķȥĻɲңԷϾˡ
ʮԺ󣬻ſκζе㲻ˣֻǴĵ˼Ժ־ôƺе㲻ףǰЩɾˡ绰Źȥôùһ㡣
Ķأôûй̸дöԺ˷ͼ
ʱƺƳھýƵĵͣں쳵棬ֻʾַ¶˿ĵ΢Ц룬ģСǣҲŸ㲻㣬Ȼҵĵ绰κˣԺָʲô۶ء뵽Ժһš£Ȼٹȥ
ŷȥԺƺƳɷ˺쳵ȳȥԵ㶫һȥԺɻ˵̸ǲǻŶӣͲĵˣô˻һϵķǡ
ƺƳɽӵ̸꿵ĵ绰֮ǰҲмȲϾǸź̸˿ɲֹһΡ˭֪ӵԷĵ绰Ժ󣬾ȻûеػֱӹҶˡǵƺƳͷһûкأôƢҪǰɶԺ㻹ҵͷȥʺ
뵽ԺƺƳɾһ˵Ժȥ˭֪˰죬ԷȻֻǷһţƺƳɵܴǲžȰ̸ھƵ귴ʡһ£ȥӡ
̸յƺƳɵĶԺ󣬲ûһͷɳϣȻʱ£ⲻˣӵУ˰СʱĳŵΪʲôﶼ͵˵ˣôء˵ͻļҪĶй򷢶أӦֱӻظ绰Ŷԡ
̸꿴ʱ͵زһֱŪĸоԼЩӦŮ硣ǺõûҪͿ̸۸أ⣬ҪǮ䣬һж׼Ժ˼ҾȻˣѵҪ̸뵽Ժ᲻˳ʼʱС
һ컹ܹί糿ŸУ䳰ȷ֪ô֪ŸͲסһ𣬻Զڼʮأ˵ȻǼٻˡŸУɴ˾ŪȻ֮Ȫ飬ǸŸС۾ļһֱ̫ǶˣĶУѧϰģֱġڣƺƳһɣ̸꿱衣
˵ѹֵһ̶ԺҪйģʱ̸һĴ޴ʮ֮ãɵ͵ߣɸߵ̸ͣͣվӣȥˮ˫õͷëϴȻóﻯױƷϸһ漴ţ߰ͷ˳ȥ


İʮ ̸꿵ļı
̸꿵ʹʼһַйίѾ˲Ͽˣæ˼ԲߡΪٳŮˣʶеģ޽κ⣬Ҫ⣬ֻлԡ
õҪƺƳɵĹ۵ҲһʼǴģ˾ĺ֮䷢ϵˣµ˹ؼʱ̣ҲҪָܵΪ˵һŮϴûˣָУ飬վͦǼֱͳ˵βࡣ
Ժ̸꿾ѾûκαҪˣǲζŶƺƳɵЭǶϵļ̤þǲΣҲԼĻᡣ
̸߽ŽƵõʱ΢Цذѷݸǰ̨ŮⷿŸտһᣬȻô˷ˡú棬Ҳûж˵ʲô˼ֻҪǮסһ컹һӡ
Ժ̸꿵ݹһ۵ֽƬЦŶŮ˵С㣬鷳һ飬һҪ803ҵˣͰ
Ů˵ͷͬʱӹ̸꿵ݹֽƬ̸꿵һллԺ󣬿ȥ
ֽƬʵʲôҲûдֻһŰֽ֮ҪôĿģǲƺƳɡ֪Щߵ涼ͷģ뿪ƺƳɾͽˣ˽µһֽƬƳ֮ʱ뵳Уʮ๫֮ءҪ˵֮ûκιϵû˻š
ˣһȥƺƳɱķƱ̻⼸ٿ֮⣬һΪҪԭ򣬾ǸԷʩѹЩԳΪƺƳҲҹΪˡ
˵Ů˲ǣǵ뷨ϣҺЧǹٳŮˣˡ̸꿼ʹί쳣֮ʱ֮ʣʹֶΣȷʵò
˱ݵĴԺ̸꿾һɣԭʱһֱڻĶʵҲֻǲһķݶѡİͱƵʱᷢʵҲûʲôˡ
ӭ磬̸꿾һ⣬ͷµȥĶأղڼʱѾϹ˵ҪȥμһĿԲ
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̸ҸԷһӻ治֪ϵ˭ղŵǷʱѾ˵ˣһ˼ҶѾԹˣʱ˳Էƺк֮ӡ̸֮ǰһֱϰ֮йϵԲ̫֪͵УЩ֮Ĺϵһ㡣ֻУ治֪ø˭绰ȻŸУ֮ǾԿϵģƺƳɵĴˣôỹĻء
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뷿Ժһ̸ȥȻذ˴ϡʱлɳϴһһ·̸һиܵʲôˡ


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һ磬䵱񣬸оǲˬ⵹ΣһĵǾ͸˿ôأһ֧̣ǰ˼ģɲҪϹ롣
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Ǻǣû£һЦŴ̸꿵Ļȥѧʱ򣬿һ˺㣬Ǿͣ˳ˣҺǵ㲻סɣôôˣģ
֮԰ô̸꿵˵¶ԷᣬһֱôŵģʻҲƲ˼⻰ʳȥԺһˣȻڶԷһһЩȽ飬ҪȻҲˡһʵĻֻ»Ρ
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ܲ¶޽ͷôѽҿʱһôͷĺ棬׼һ˵߱ȻǸ˵ľٶ̸һ
̸ⷬ꿵ͷͨ죬ʵһ˵ˣӡġ֮ԴǸưΪ˴׽ԣԲվߡ벻ǼһȻĺҲ˾ưɣҿһǲ롣
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ʱһӢ۾ļ鵱У͵̸꿵һллеʧ̬ˡⲻĺĺ˼ǷУ㻹һ˵е̫ˡ
ץץͷЦ˵˼ѽֻΪˡΪˡ˵⣬Լ֪ô½ˡ
̸Ц˵˵ˣ֪˼ˣǸˣû˳֮Σ
ǵġҡŶǡһ״εز֪ν͡
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̸ϵԡۣѴӳϣȻߺת˵ûдһԿӣ
һľȻҡҡͷ˵ʵûһ
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һ̧ߵʱ̸Ѿץһһת̸æתȥڵĳǲţԲһʿǿ
Էô⣬һҲ˼ٿȥˣתȥˮͷŻˮһ˹ȥֻһĸоϮͷ
ϴԺһ̧ͷȥѰëĿ֮˵ͷԼ״ȻһƬɫһšһ֮סΪ̫Ϥˣʹ̸꿵ϣǼŽ⿪أ
ѵ˵̸Яİﻹװ£˵ͬѧۻǻ˼׼ҹѽˣ˵Ѿͼ˵ϲؼҵġ
ǰϵһ룬һʶ̸꿸ղ˵˻ѣνͬѧۻһ׫ˡ˵ʵղ˵⻰ʱһ;е㲻ԾѾȫȷˡ
һ֮ʣֻ洫˰һȻһŲ漴һ߹ιһ˵ʱ̸Ѿɫץϣߺ죬·ʲô˵һ㡣
ǡҡҸղšͿһۡһ̸꿵ɬӣһ䡣
㡭㡭뿴ѽ̸꿵һһۣתȥ
һ󣬲ŷղ˵ǻȷʵ⣬ѹ⡣֪ʱ򣬶ȴ̸ЦһæëҲ£Ѹȥ
緹˳Եÿɾе㲻ˣܾеʲô˵Ķ߻ƣ˳Էٶȶǳ죬һṦͽ⡣
һ𷿿ȥⷿģȻ̸סģǶûһŮ˸ѵĵ


İʮ 
̸꿼һȥԺ˵һƺƳȣɲһĴ뵽Ժ̸꿵ϲַΣһ۷ϵıиձȥǼɫ¡ȡԺ׼۵һ£ղ֪һһͻԾôȥģѰùĹĵģȥܲԾ
ִǻı˿Ժ˼ɻصҹڣܼľǸΣеǸ˾˭ûиƺǰȴԶߣ·ʶңɼĺȻ֮ʱ̸꿲ŷ֣е˾͸մ߳ȥ˺мʶ
뵽ԺˣΪҹУǺǸ˸ˣڻܼ˵Ķᣬϵذһһ壬Ǹûиܹġ󣬵ΪҪʱ̣Ͳס˳Ҳʯ쾪һˡ
Ժ̸˺һᣬҲûںδһʱһյСƣԴʱ浹ҲǺڰһƬɨһԺ󣬷Ӧһݵķ䣬ʶԺһͷֳǸ˵ֱԱߵĴϿȥãͷ⣬ŴʲôҲûС
ʱ̸꿵ŶԼǵúһʶˣǳͷļһˣ񻹰˳˼άԺ󣬾һƬհˣ飬ʲôҲǲˡ
̸ӣ˳ִ˴ıڵơƿһ˲䣬Ϊֱʱŷ״̬ǰȻȫˣ˵ҲˡִԺ̸꿹˲ڣæƿӣ¿ȥȹװЩ֮⣬״ȷŷôأ̸ȴôҲ벻ˡ
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ȷһԺ̸ҲȥˡƺȶˣҪʱͷ۵üֱҪѿһ㣬ǹ˵Ժ󣬵ͷ˯
˯һԺڷָղ³ԭˡ»Сˣšվŵˣһ˯ɾֳˣյ۵ˣؼǱ͸̸ֵǰǽС½ԾòǺӣѳºһѵ˯ȥˡʱҹ˾ģҲ˽̸꿺޹˼ɡ
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̸ùֻһȻһģǼǱʱʼΪһƺƳùյѧԱĺֻ档̸꿴һԷȻ˵һ͹ˡ
̸׼ȥģʱѾ뻹ˡ´Ժ󣬷ˣĳЩλʪʪĸоʶǸǵĻ˵޺ۣʵ֤ȫǺ˵˵ʶԺ̸֪ǱϴģҪȻҲ˼żѽǣӴһԾȻȥ
̸ǺƺƳԼã׼һȵģӦ׼һ´װãڰԺ󣬱ĿԽͣ·ãҪȻһİ඼ϲȡ
˭̸֪æϴʱһѾţһżæذϳϴɾԺ󣬴·ֻ˼ԡ۾ͳˡΪ˰˼ʱΣ˳棬Ǵߴһȥϴֱ֣̻
ԷԺ͵е·ˣղһȫץ˽ȥʱû˵ϡ·ˣ£ɻأСҹеĺۼ
뵽Ժ¥Ķˣæ䱼ȥ벻Է˵һ䣬ֻһ̸ۡ뵽ԺһЦ˳
һЦҲԼˣòƸղһѾȥˣȴⷢ㶡뵽ԺæվüĻ죬װ´ԺطŽ˰ȻѸȥ
һʱƣȥԺ󣬱Ϊ̸꿻ģ˭֪öûпԷӰӡʼΪҪһ£Ǿ;һȣʱҲ̫ˣ̶֧ˣûԷһڿǲҪȥһʱڼ̸꿵ͷˡ
ӣһͷһˣ룬㵹ֱͷѽɣ˼ҷԱһΪҰɶˡҪô£ҲͰˣؼûѽԩûš̸꿷·һһ㣬ͷ΢΢̧һӴһĿԺֵȥȸղŻҪͣҪɽˡ


İʮһ Ů
һ룬ǳĵѽ´ҪĻᣬһ㡭뵽ʱһԺ͵ظֳ͵羰ҿôеջҪȻĻҶԩûš
̸Ҫ֪ȻĻ»ȥݺݵزţһδҲ̫ˣ˸ռˣȻװһӣǿɶ֮
һɳվ̨ȥǰԺѷݸ˸Ů
һʮԪŮһ˵
һͳǮݸŮȻ׼ת뿪̸ѾߵĸǰŮ״Ц˵һ䣬ŮƯ
⻰Ժһæ˵С㣬ˣҵġ
һ˵ȥ̸˵ллС㣬ҲƯ˵⻰ͬʱһһ¡̸꿵˼Ҫ˵©죬˼ҵע⣬Ļ˶ûʲôô
һ˶Է˼Ƕܲðһ£ЦŶԷԱ˵СãûŮѣ
ȿȡŮ̸꿷Ȼͬ
ǵķӦԺһŲæ˵ǰŮѣǽ׼֤ȥˡ
СŮŶһ׹˼˵ĲŮԭô£ղԷˡ
̸ʶһڹ׽ŪһתЦ˵ᣬ˼һûӦ޸أǵģ˵ԺһţȻһŤСתȥԳһӡ
ԷȻһҲһݣ׷ߺţţȵѽ
̸⻰Ժͣ˽Ųһ˸ǰԺּװҪԷı۰ȴĵҸºݺݵһѡ
һܵԺֱһס̸꿵֣漴һֻ֣ԷҸȥ׼Ա֮ʩһ⣬ԷۼţҸ¹ʱ̸꿵ұŻȫ򿪣޵
һĹ˵һеģȴƫĿ꣬ΪֵĲǶԷҸ£Ҹµǰ׼ȷ˵ұɽĵײһƬԺһףĿ꣬æɿ֣ͬʱҲֱۣöԷ˳
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˸ղǲһ˶еΣϳԺ˭Ҳû˵һһ³ϵĵӣʱʱ仹磬ߵңУҪ˵ϿأɲѧѧȥԽԽáҪ̸꿶ôȥУĻ˿Էֿȥⲻ𱣰ĲɡĽһֵУıǺְܾġ
һʱʺȥУȥǵĻȥĶءҪϵð죬㵽Ķĥһʱ䣬ؼһ磬һȥĶأܲȥ԰ӱߣͷ̫һɡĻҪˣ鷳˼ҲΪһһģһˣǿƺҲϴѽ
ԥʱ̸˵졭гܲȻؼһˣһȥе顣
һ⻰Ժ֮أæ˵̸̸Σû⣬ʱʱ仹磬ȥУĻҲûʲô顣
ǡǾлл졭гˡ̸˵꣬ݸһЦ
Ǻǣû¡ˣг̸εĽеöŤҪͽһɣ˳ڣҵѶңڵУʶǼûɣһЦ˵ղεúǲˬںò״һᣬһҪ
̸һ˵ѶƺΪһҲ˵ԷѾϿԼˣﲻһġ
ѽҲôкֿڡ̸Ц˵ɣұ꣬Ժͽ̸ǡ˵Ժ̸ͣ׼˵˵ɣɻԺƺе̫ˣסû˵ȥ
һӶԷĻҲˣʡԵӦ㣬Ȼû˵ҲֵװͿˣǻشãԺͽ̸ˣ˳ڶˡ
Ǻǡ̸ЦЦûٶ˵ʲôһҲ۾˳
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⻰Ժ̸꿲ʶ˻ëæΣѧУĴСӴҪμӣЩʱ·̫ԶˣͲһˣɺӻСԲ̫ģ糿ʱ򣬶һһ
һһûж˵ʲô
̸˵⻰Ժﰵ뵽ԼѽΪʲôҪأԼʲô˵һ㡣ôأ̸꿵ûɵӿһΣҲͣ
ͣԺһ׼ڳϵȵģ˭̸֪ȴ˵Ķе˼ſڲȥĵһﻹе㷲Ҫǻʱ䵹νؼһѽԷһŮˣһһƯŮˣһʱ򣬺ͶԷһؼңļҪеʲô뷨òҲǺ顣ڵ̸Ѿ˵ˣҪǲŽȥĻƺҲе㲻ʣԼеʲô뷨Ƶġ


İʮ ѶŮ
һȻܲԸǸ̸꿵ĺ棬ļȥԺһƺûأլŶԺģλҲȽΣԲûʲôʵһǵıῴǵ̸꿵ļˣ˵þһ㣬ʵǵɷ̸ƺҲһĵģعͷ˵ʱ򣬼ӦûˣͺѧȥˣҪˣʮӲġ
أһʵ˵ʱû⣬⻰Ժ;е㲻Ծˣʲô뷨Ƶġ
̸̾һʧ˵ʱڶأҪĻҲõȵʱ򡣡̸ǸĹɷ򣬽죬죬¶ģΪհµǮڹˣ벻ؼҵġ
һ˶Էе޿κΣȻǷ֮һǳʲô⣬ⲻùĵģû̸֨꿺ǰȥ߱룬ղŵĻ˵ʱӦûˣԼѵܡҲһﲻYY
˽һСԺ˴ԼԺ󣬲ŵ̸꿵ļҡӺխѵ̸һѳͣ棬ǾԿġ
խСҲһԵһķ羰̸߽ǰ棬֮һ׶ľ롣ʼʱһֻͷ·ͷ͵һ̧ӳľ̸Ƿβһ֣һ㣬סһע̸ǰ棬֪ںĶͷĴ󵨵
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СﲻܳԼʮңС̸꿾ͣһСԺǰһ̧ȥȻţղûƭˣʱȷʵûˡ
̸꿴Ժ󣬰һ˽˵һ䣬һСûʲôʱ䣬ҲȽң⣬ҿûȡ
һæ˵̸㣬˵ʲôҾͦõģܰҵŶԺģܺѽ˵⻰ͬʱﰵô֪Ҽҵòûȥɡ
̸΢΢ЦЦȻһɳһ豭ȥ˳Ҫϴһ£ٸԷݲ衣
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һĿջڵĳ裬Ȼ˵һȾҲǷǳɾġ̸꿼ӦòõʲôһӦȫȻһʽĿյڵ£ҪǮء
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ڣŮһֱƵĵλǲʵرһûʲôŮˣǾ͸СĽˡ̸꿵ȫһײСԱ׼ûʲôƲġ
һȻǵУΣռ˵ͣأǸУãֻһﰲοѡ˵ˣֻǵУһܼҶѣ鲻٣ջ񲻶࣬ȻҲеˮǺЩʵְλϵǿǾţһëһСӦЩ쵼Ҳ˵ȷʵס
һں˼֮ʣ̸꿶һݺõȲ˹Ц˵ﲻˣ豭ǸϴģҶҲǸղģӦûУϴκǱߵѴģ˵ڵļƷ
һ豭˵̸㣬ллˣû£ȥæɣԼ
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һ̸꿵ı֣Ҳú֣룬ҺʲôҲû˵ûôԵôءΪ˰ΣһһЦ˵ûѽҾ̸ġ
̸⻰Ժ뵽ڱݵʱʼʱ򣬿Ž⿪ģǲ˵뵽Ժ̸ͨ죬ͷ첽ȥ
ıԺһĪˣػһ˵Ǿ仰ӦûʲôѽôôķӦأһҡҡͷ˵ĻûŮ£к£ȷʵȥҲ²ףװ˷ʱ䡣


İʮ ⴩㿴
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˺һᣬžȺģվߵ˴¾ǰֻŮߺ죬һ͸Ĵƻһ㡣̸꿵͵ǵУļСŮһ𾭳õһʡ˼һЩ˽µĳϣ˵øֱףСַˡ
뵽Ժ̸꿲ѾкóʱûˣǶĹϹ֪ԻǷҪ󣬾ˣҲӦǰǸϰڵʱ򣬵Ǿ£ѾȥܵظȻ̸ˡ̸׹ԭʱȲҪƺƳɣȻⷽԭ
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һʮӣûм̸꿳ﲻֹͻ·ôôʱء̲סҪſһ뻹סˣ˼ҿǸŮˣҪǿʲôÿģǿɾ鷳ˡ˵ҲˣǲѣҪȥɾ͵ˡ
ֵһᣬ̸ڳˣһɫȹװʽ촦Vεġһ룬Ҳ̫һɣڿˣ˵»ǺܵͣҲڴ˵ɡ
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һ˵һᣬһһͺˡ˵ȥһ䣬ٳʱ϶һ˿ȻݸһЦֽԭȵǼҡ
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̸ЦŶһ˵һ߰ɣõˡ
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ƺƳƵԭҪΪ飬̸Сٸµġ뵽ʱ޲̸꿽е칫ȦȦһܽޡ


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İʮ ҰĪ
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Է˽ͣƺƳȻˣǲˬǼ˵һѧԱ֮Ȫģҵһ˵԰ŸǼе㲻̫⣬㿴ǲǿԡ˵ԺƺƳͣס˻ͷ֪ĻҪ˵ȥˣ̸һġΪҪôһʶûУҲ䵣ְ
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Ŷ̸ޱӦһʵȴЦͣ


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ƺƳѾˣ̸꿲ûоʹ뿪˼վԹԵȥˮһˮȻɳϡ
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һҪ֪ղŻ˵˵ЦЦƺƳɣʱȻͬв֮һ㣬֪롣޴ķȻ̸꿵һ֮˵ջˮ⻰Ȼʧƫģʱһġ
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İʮһ ֮Ȫı
ԺһҲ͹ȥˣҲΪ˲զأϵõеˮƽ̵ִǡִһĹ۵㻹ǺֵƳġе׵УΪʲôαѵİˣѧһ飬ˢӣκƷУٸߵѧҲ״
տһķԺ󣬾ȻƵƵͷ֮һɨգϼһ˿΢ЦȻһ˵ͷһõľūɫһͷһӲ֪ʲô£ٴα㷲
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һͲһҲķݣ˱߳Աġ֪ʵԸһûвҴţֱ˽֮Ȫ˵˳
һ㶣漴˹Ȼֱǲȱۡһ֮Ȫ˾ͬһطеڣҪȻĻԶԷ˹ġ
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һԾı֣ʵ˵ͷ˵ʱƻڽǴǳȥģΪ˷֮Ȫɳɼɷѿĵذ䰲ŵȥ
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ףӦòܰɡһɵؿŲʡʲôףҪǮģ˵ʱ֮ȪʱգƺҲòʲôԺʳ׵ıǮ
ֵܣţΪ㲻֪ĵҸһ˵ˡʰţȥԺֽһ죬Ȼ˵
һƱ˲һһ̵ģ
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һԺҲеŵĸоôݵһδҲ̫һ㣬ѿʵȻĻˣĺ˭أ
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һԺе׸ղŲ˵ν׵˼ˣ˵ȷʵпܡ֮Ȫ˵ǣΪһܳܵ裬ôڴ˺Դ˻һЩĶƺҲ֮С
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ϵܣѽ߼˼άѽʿĵһһļ
һǶǵĿԺ󣬿񺹲ѡ


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һæ˵ллܸˣ֪һˣĸŮϴҾͲˣǺǣ
˵ͷҲһҪ֪ľ֮Ȫıģȷʵĵģȴ⣬ȥԺһϸһһ֮ȪĹעУѿ֮һԸĻλǼһôġ˵˽˲ѣǵˣȻ졢˲ѣĻһ֮Ȫһ֪ʣµֻһֿˡ
˵һѣ֮Ȫ·˼ףôð˭ǲ飬һǳصѣеԭԸͶ⣬ǿıҲ޹ϵ
뵽Ժ˵һ飬Ҳ֪УƺƳʳɵֵܣҲ֮Ȫˡ
һ⻰Ժ̸꿰ŸǼᣬȷʵûһǼ䵥֮ȪģײȴԼԺһпһԭ˵
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˲Ժһݳʻȥһ·ϣ˼й֮Ȫ⡣ԺöŵСӣ趼ܵȥɼĻжôټ֮ǰ֮ԹһҪҪһСĺ͵һĵ
ļһһϿΡѧϰȻҲżѧϰ档֮Ȫȴѵ࣬⼸ѧУ¶ʱٵúܣʱ伸ûˡȻһǿԼв٣Ҳֻ˵˵û˵棬䵽磬ʱٵ֮һҵˡ
Сÿ綼һԷԳʻǱȽϸߵģԶԣܷͽӵ̬Բ˼οΡ˵ȥʲô˾޴֪ˡ
糿ڶڿεʱһֻͻȻһȻĵ绰ϿεʱһȻԺһŹȥϿΣһص绰һӣĶŻ˹֪һӦˡ
ȵ¿Ժһæ߳ȥĵ绰һ·ɻ͸һ˵绰ڻũŵ·ϣһܿġԺ˵һԷǲʱ䡣һ˵Ӧûʲô飬ҪеĻҲš˵ʱٸ绰ȷʱ͵ص㡣һһ˵Ҹ绰ɣϿأʱ̫ܲ㡣˵Ҳá
Ҷϵ绰ԺһϳԷʱҪһϴαֽƬ顣Ȼûʲô˵ģĻܾеʲô͹ֲġ
磬˾һԷʱǲǾһۣμѵĵһĩ
󣬶һֹӣĩҿܶе顣һ֪׼أ˵һźúôһ֮ȪһЦ˵磬ҿɣλ綼˼Уҿ˰ɣǾһʱ䷴ࡣ
ΣզһˣϱȥвμѵˣҲǰ꣬ٺ٣λ˼ѽҰǵɺһҲˡƲ˼˵
磬ô˵㲻׼ȥѽһʵ
һ˵ȥˣû죬иĸϣؼҲǹ¼ҹˣ˵Ҫôʱĳ
ŶãиԷҪһȥһƷ롣
æ˵ãûط䷹أٺ٣
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һ¿εʱһĵ绰һȻ̸꿵ĵ绰ʱ䶼ûϵѧУ濴ˣҲǻͷѣ֪绰ʲô顣
ԴϴνӴһҲìܣڴͶԷʲôе㵣ġϾӦ죬֮أοһ֮Ȫһ߻̸ƺƺƳ֮еϵһĻ˼Ҳ͵ˡ˵ˣĻΣϵеˣлвСıǼȻĻ羴Զ֮


İʮ ֪
̸꿴绰ʱҲ˺þáԴӾǴԺĳеӡս̣м˻£⿴˶Էò
ڶһԺ󣬺ںݵǴһòɲȱݣʱϴ裬ֻð°ʱæԡܡ趼쳣һ̸꿣ʱϴúѽ˵ˣϴ費ãᵼˮʧ
̸룬Ҿˮ̫ˣԲŻڰҹ뵽ʱͨ죬ĸֱӽȥˡⷬɣĸ׺Ī
绰ͨԺ̸˵ϣԷлϴεİһæ˵̸㣬ˣϴҲѾ˵˵ʱ˭ġ
̸⻰Ժʧ˵Ĳ𣿡
һﲻģ¶Էˣæ˵̸㣬Ҳ˼ֻǾ˭˭ѽںԸʲôģ
˵˭˭̸꿳ʵ⻰˵ȥԺеһڣⱾֻᣬԴ飬ʳԷôشء
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Ȼ飬ǾˣҽԷˣ´οֵˡٺ٣̸Ц˵
ãû⣬´̸㡣е£ȹˣݰݣһ˵߹Ҷ϶˵绰ˡ
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ѿڶ
Ŷʶһʵ˵ũȫʡСҲ˶֪ڶֵ˵š
Ƶһ̸֧һȻ˵ǵǣ̩Ǳ߸˸ĿҺеӴ˵òôûúã˻ʧȥ˾ϴĻᡣ
һ󣬵˵ͷԭô£ѹ֪ġ˳ԺϿˣ˾ȥˡ
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һҵٽ֮ǰҲûʲô飬ġͨһĽӴԺһидƹȻǲ򵥣Ȼֻ˵˽³ϣ˵Էǳע⣬һ㶼㵽ֹһⷽöԷѧϰʱ˵̫עģڼ۵СȦ档ĸƤӿڳЩɶΪǺܽģѪʱǾǳš
һѾˣȻİֱȥյſڣ洫˵һһ㶣ѵ˱ˣûѽеɻƿţֻһ˾УԱ߾ȻŮʱһеİžȻ˼뵽Ժҡҡͷ
磡һ֮ʣͻȻһϤĺѭеһŮȥ裬ô㣿һʧʵ
ΪʲôͲңЦŷʵ
⡭⡭һſڽ֪࣬λش𣬱˰ԺһΪ㲻ɣ㲻ʲôʱӦģ
軹ûüشߵǸŮ˵ˣ裬ʶ磿ôû˵
ҶӣһŮĶ˵
ŶŮ˵һ˽ı顣
ϪλʶֵܣŸղǸ˵ŮҶϪʵ
磬ղ˭㻹ӣӲǲ˵гʶˣһʱأҶϪش
Ļ͵ʲôƵģǡǰ飬裿˵⻰Ȼǳһʵġ
һ˵ͷ˫˵ûϳڶԷ֮ǰҲûϳİͷˣҲǰˣټϻһ۾ȥһڶĴѧ
һͷԺ󣬲ۣ˵ղһŵʱ򣬾ô죬벻Ȼ飬ҵһȥʱ򣬿Ǳġ
˵⻰ʱʵΥģ仯һ棬һ˼ҲȫҶϪˡǰʱոո㶨ڶоأǻ˺ô˼ŵóԸġ
һԷղŶԷ˵һѹ˳ԷʲôǾŮѴͬѧûʲô뷨ֻǾŮ䣬ԷۣܵһաȻҪһƾܸ㶨һҲûκ
ĻԺҲװϳԷӣæ˵ԭϰѽþòԽԽ˧ˣҸղҲûϵóϪ˵ǰɣҶϪĹϵԴʱѺ̧ơ
ûǰӣǲԽԽ˧ˣô֪˸оջɣҶϪ˵
һ˱ԺҶϪŮһеϵֻǲ֪ôҶϪߵһȥģҴݵӦ졣ϴΣһԷԺû˵ϺͶԷϵĽ治ǺҲһʱȻˣһܸġ


İʮ ԻԽ
˶ˣкˣڶѣλþûʲôˡ˼˺һƴƣҶϪȴ飬Ů俪ҶϪԱߣȻһһͮŮƵߡ
һһ߿һ˫ɵĸоӦԤ趨õģƵһܾԲŸҶϪǾǣ边Ȼһյ飬֪ûҪһˣҲӦòܾ
ٽĲûл˵һидģټյط꣬ٷԵø⿪ģҪھƺȵúʹ졣һǾͺƴˣ˭֪ԷҲƲ磬˻еֽŵĸоľȻ·磬֮ǰ˵㶫ףҲҺӲӲ
һȻҲûţҶϪҲ֪֮ǰָʾʱ⣬֮ӿʼȣͶһ˵Ů֣ܺһᵽˡҶϪܺȣҲ磬ÿһӴϣһе㱻ˡ֪ľǲȵĻ϶Уƫ̻˼ҶϪι˹أץס㣬͵һ˹
ƴ;ʱƸǰͮҲˡһ͵ıŮԸȽϺˬʼʱ̲֮ҪΪʹһ̫Ϥ˵ľҲûʲôסˣټϼҶϪ趼˲٣Ҳͷſˡ
һͨսǲң׾ƺԺֺơƣһͷۻ֮ˣҲòĶȥֲˣǼʱͣƴơʱҶϪֲʧʱȥһᣬʱؼһ硣
ҪΪԭһһܾڶԷôģһͷˮأȻҪҸǸһģڶԷ˵ߣȻû뿪ĵ⣬ȷʵȵе࣬ȥһҲûʲôãټ߻һˬŮȥģе㱩ĸо
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һҲæվЦ˵ϰ壬̫ˣӦǹȥ㣡
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ȷԱþԺ󣬶ӣһ˵ϵܣһ㿴ô
һ΢΢һЦƱûпڣӹˡһҺȥȻԻԽһף˵ϰ壬ȸΪ⡣
ԻԽⱭƣȫǳϺͺϵӣȵٶ࣬ҲܵӡԻԽıֿԿóԲǼ򵥽ɫԼȻҪȣɴһ㡣ԷˣҲס˳ӣ˵ȫ
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һ֪ʱյĻ͵Ǵ˼ҵˣҲӣ˫ֽӹſͬʱ˵Ҿ͹ˣллϰˡ
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˵Ժ󣬳һȭ˵һ䣬ԣȻֱתȥҲںŴһ֣æಽظȥ
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ֵܣе㲻ԣô˵ҲǺѽûʲôԸ˵ģһͷƭСһյš
һŵؿһۣȻãȻҡҡͷ


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һװɶҪģΪʱھͲˡŭ˵һ󣬲ضԸǸǰཷţֱĮķŭ
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һʵû˼ֻǵô˵治̫˵˵ĻһҲа취ʱǰٽ澿ʲô
˵Ժ󣬺ܿ쵽¥ʱ˲ֱ࣬Ҫһİ䡣һ˵ϵ𿨣ȫ⣬ٺ٣ǽǸմˡ
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ѽҸʶģڶѧо˼ҿǸѧʿٺ٣ôɣ˵
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»ͲֱһȥȻ˵磬е飬һ¡
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ǸǸҶϪҵͬѧ˵ǳԷǾ͹ˣ治֪˼Ҫ֪Ļҡȿ˵ˡбҪһһ½飬ΪױʲôģĵġҪһĻҪҸضȥˡ
ͬѧҲڶѧУһʵ˵ʵתе̫ˣһ滹Ӧˡ
һʻԺæ˵ͷ˵ϴκ˵ҾԼĲʺٴڣһֲ֪ʲôǾɴٶ飬ʵһԼ֣صغ͹ĸ̸ԺҲͬˣ˰Ұ˵ѧе
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ҹĸ׼شʶһʵĹĸգǸ˵ֻ̫УֻкǵطˡԺ˵ҲǺֻҿʼҪѧʱ򣬹ĸ˵ʲôҲͬ⣬ң֪ĲڸȥǾ˿ڡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷ跴ϢѾ㹻ˡȫԷֹۣܲնΪŮı·ˡ˵ֱһ㣬ѾɢʱˡҲѹ֣ӳô飬ҪһҲǣĻƺҲе˵ȥôһеĿԴ
ôʱ䡣һֱֱؿԶ·Ʒһ䡣
ңŶҺܺðڵУѧϰһֱҪµءһһ㶣漴ش
ŶǲѽʱĻߵʱҲˣֿˣף㣡Ǻǣ迪ĵ˵


İʮ 
⻰ûκĳɷ֣ҲȷʵΪһǨоˡʼնλյϰ壬ĸ磬һֱе㺣ϴαԺ⵽һľܾļ䣬һʵĻᣬͻ᲻رŷ
ѡѧ˵Ǳʶ϶Ӧ죬˵ΪʲôȻԱɳԼƭԼģΪеǸӦ졣
һĻ΢΢һ㶣ڲμѵԺ󣬹һĿԺܴ˶ΪѾǰ϶飬˵ģ軹ǵһҪǱ˵Ļһһڹȥ⣬ֻǵ˵һ䣬Ըɣ
һ²ߣǵĵһ䣬ôûȷȥƾһ˽⣬֪ԷԲװģֻ˵û֪Ĵ𰸣ﲻǺеס
ѽмܸӣڼϹһһɣҪʵڲеĻҲһȥһһЦ
ð֮أ迪ĵ˵
һ͵طָղǾЦе壬֪ˣǴװͿòٴˣҪȻĻƾ߰˰˵Ĵԣ׾ͱԷƽȥˡ
裬ǽȥɣʱ䳤ˣһЩһҪ˵˵ˡһһۣ˵
˵ͷһȥ
Ժһĸо˺ڣҪ֪һ龰һѡͺСƽ̨ϵġ
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һʱڽά֮ʣתȥȻعţ͵ûǴʱԵظо˵Ŀⶼ˵ϡҪʱߵĻԵúͻأ˵϶ÿĻָøأѵɳϣ裬˵ʵϼһҡҡڰڵĶʵûʲôпԡ
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ԺһһƣԷ΢΢һЦһļϡ˵ıԺҲתͷæԼˡ
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ͷ׼䡣˭֪ȴȻ٣ΪԷͷҪȻЩ̧ͷӭȥ˭֪Ķߣȴһ裬ȻȥɣҸղźȵе࣬ٴȥܻࡣ
Ȼǲᣬһȷʵ˲٣ʲôϰ壬һڸɵһصͷ漴ʵû°ɣҪµĻ
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ŶˣͦˣҡҪȥˣɩڼأ˵ǡһҪˡһ֧֧˵˵ԺԼе㲻Ȼȫĸо
ðɣ´һǲڵʱ򣬿˵߹ϳţģز¥ȥ
һ͸ȥֻβнİڶԸղʱиоѾͷ֮ǰһ㣬ϴεĸоȫһ˿̣ıӰԺһȫȷˣȥԺûʲô飬һʱ䣬ȻзֵơĹ۵һֱŮ̫˲ã
Ӱ¥ݿʧԺһ͸¥ĴʧǰɣɣȻʧ
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һֱʻ۾Сʱһûһͷ˵ɣҲͲһҪôһᵽŮ֮ĸ飬ܻ˵ϣء
һԺ󣬼֣Ѿ˯ˣپһģҪȻԷʵζʱָȾƿˡһȻҲԺ󿪳϶ԣʱȷʵɼ˵ѳֱǴߣڶȥȡҲǲԣؼ鷳ټϽղŻҪؼңǾԵøˡ
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տһӣͻȻֻһһ룬Ƶģæ˽׼һԷϵģһԾˣڵʱ϶ûһҪͶԷϵһ£е㲻صˡ
绰ͨԺĶأһ˵ڼԷһ񣬾֪˵ʲôˣ漴ֳл͹Ҷ˵绰
һֻԺʶƿ϶Ůˣ򲻻ôһ缱ĶءⶫԺһҪƣ˵һȶ࣬ȷʵ׳¡ǵúͼ֮ܿĵһξΪ˾ԺӦҲԭ
뵽Ժһȷһ£жǷȷǴһ绰衣绰ͨԺ󣬻ʺ䣬һѵȻû˼ֱ˵ڻûлأһһûڶ˵ʲô


İʮ Ҳү
ȷԺһñϵһ£ǸȥΪʲôβ͡Ҫ֪ڵŮ˼ǰúܣʱΪĿģֶΣΪֹ⣬ҪδȻ˵˱Ƚ϶ֽ࣬Ƭ飬ûú˵أֻ׼ĵ绰
Ժ͵ԷʱҲأջҶϪŮжʱûһˣѹʱ򣬾ëëˡ뵽ʱһһ⣬ǰߵģʲô𿨻Ŀڴ棬ҪˡȻһںǵǮ֮ǰ˵˵ģһپеԲסԷ֮С
֣һͻˣһȺĹһӸɵ˸ƺ˲٣˿ɳԵĲ࣬Ǹ̸ˣҪǺȶ˾ƵĻưҹͻᱻˡ
ڳ緹ʱʱʱ͵֣һۣȾƵ鿪˵ã֪֣ûз֣Ǹӣܹû¡
һԺ˵һҷСõǲԣǰʱȥѧУڡϣҺͼͬѧУ۲ͣԺҿʱ仹磬ȥᣬ׼һᡣ
֣õȽģοΪ֮ζûмԷˣˡ벻һģû᲻ʲô飬ʱɾͻ֮ˡһȨԺǸһҪϹʲôֵʱٽԷȰס
һ󣬲ûг֣ĵķŭ״һԺ˵ϴǱŪȥˣҵú̸һ̸ˡ
֣״һ£˵һҾǲȥһǸк˽һ˾ôҲûôأ֣˵߽ŵؿϹһֱĿֻ֮ǰǴһǳУûἰһ״̬УǾ˵˳
һϸһԺ˵Ժ˵ɣҺ̸Ժȵøʵ̬ȣͶԷҲû̸
֣ͬص˵ͷϴȣһ̬Ѿܲˡ
ʱһֻͨԷǹ̶绰ĺ룬֪һڼûиҺ˵
һûʱ䣬е˵һϰ£ɴһԷһ뵽龰ҪܾлҪֻôӦȴ˵šҲûʲô
һ⣬ʡҸ㣬ɴһ·ߵСݣʡ£Ҳʲô鷳
ʱһⷢ˸Ϊ˵е̸ǵĵʱٰǸҶϪĴȥʱֲԷߣǰԤ롣һṦĶŻ˹ֻ֣ס
һ΢΢һ֣Ȼֻһߣ˵ԡʱĹ壬װʮһϷˣС׷˾Ĵߣ˾ˬڻһѧߣȱԷˬȻֲȥɣһξϼҵѹӪﲻҶ̵ʱòûӸƷˡ
һֱ浽ʱһ֣˵һԺְȥ¥ԺûֱСȥѾˣȥĳˣڽ۾СǰҼҷݡѾע⵽в¿ķݣ˵βǺܸߣȴܴÿϷǰͣ˳һŲߵһҽСˮ㡱ſڣȽϸɾ࣬ˡ
ȥԺһ˧зԱǳӭҲͶʮ°ɡһҪһ䣬Ȼһˮ㣬ټӼСˣ㹻˳ԵˡԺԱɫô£Ҫ˰ȴˣ˼Ҳˡ
ŷԱ˵õľƸƿ˵Ժóлһ֧ϣȻžһ̺ϡ
Ա״æһͳΪһϻ𣬵ͷȥˡһһǲˬҡҡͷҪһԱƽϣǶԷֵ͵òȡ˵ȷʵǲá
ʱˣˣѱǿ׳죻ݺݴˣ㵱үƵźڳʲôԭ򣬴ﶼһ˳ӣڴˣͲ̽ˡ
һ̷̻Ҹóֻ˹ȥһԷŵķλˣ˵ҪҲŵĻʱٴ绰ϵһһ͹Ҷ˵绰
˶ʮӣƿŽ˰䣬䣬ԱѾƿϴ˹һع𾴵Цݡ
ԺһµϵѽʲôأôԷѵʲôɫ𣿡˵·Ҫеһ㡣
ûʲôɫ֪ΪʲôԷ𣿡һһ֧̹ȥԺʵӹ̣˵ͷ֪еԭΪҵǻ˲ٵĹ
һԺЦǺǵؿ˵ҵļңΪ˷ֹٺҰĿѡģ
Ȼļѽô˵ȥѽλ˸С⣬ϰ¸ˣⲻˡ˵ͳһµСӡȻóһղŻе˼Թѻˡ
һӹСҲûкֱװ˿ڴܶԷ͵ʲô̹Ȼ֮֮ǺĹϵлܻһ˵˵һλãҲ޷κΰ֮ȫǽѹϵ֮ϵġ


İʮ 绰
ƿƣֻһƿҪһӲţһƿȲ꣬˶˲٣ҶϪһҹæȥ˾ϰ࣬ʱ֧֮С
ѯʣһ֪ǸͮŮһģһֱ뿪
һԼ绰ʱһŸո뿪һ£Ů᲻ʲô⡣˵ֵܣģû£ϪҲˣɣλû˵ˣͮҲһġ˵ɣĻ㶨
ʲôλǾҵǰ飬ѻ˵˵һŭһˣʱ˵
Ҫ֪ںһϤˣʶһҪǴȥ˸ôһΪʱͺеʲôˣΪ˶ĿŰŵȥġĻڹÿе̫ˡ
ԣԣ˵ˣǰ飬ǰ顣Ц˵
һYDı飬֪ºͲˣǾ˵˹ڡƬ顣
ֻǼ򵥵һһ£Ǻһ˵֪ԭô¡һ£һļ˵ֵܣģţǵ糤ѣԼһԸ϶˵İ졣
ã㰲ź˸ңٷ롣һ˵
һˣ˵ֵ֮䣬㻹ֵô
ν£ҵġһ˵Լ뷨ⷹƽµģȻ򵥡
ã˵İ졣һ֣Ҳͬˡ
극ԺûȥĵطԻؼˡ
죬һڼûгȥֻڰʱ֣ȥһȦ׼ùģһָıˣȶʱ˵۲һ£СѾͷôģ֣ʱȺ̸һ̸
콥ˣ֣һխСϣдҸ۾Ȼ۸񰺹󣬵ҲȷʵֵĲ˵̻þͷǳãݣȻﶬ֮ʣۿȥһƬɫԶһ˹ڵСĻһСͤӣʱɫ䣬ͤһ֣С֮⣬ûеˡ
ˣֱ֣ϹĻ꣬һ§סӡҸղŴ绰е㲻̫ףŲοοһ֣Ķ˵
֣˵ͷ֪ղɷ鷿绰ģԺ󣬾ͼģ׼ôء
ҵһ绰ȴ۰ֵġһ˵
۰ָ֣İְ֣֣֣ףһ
ʻϵ⣬һһ飬ϴڵУʽ飬Ѿ߹ˡһ˵Ҿ¬Ȼ֪ˣǲǸȥݷһ££еò׼Ǿ˼̡ô˵
ô˵£һ㲻Ҫȥ֣˵ҪȥĻһңôʲôȥ˵Щˡ
һ󣬵ͷ֣Ķͷһ£ŮǱѩҪ˵㵽ֹˣһѶûУȻܹ۲е֮С
ѽ˵ˣҲҵĲ֮˵ȥݷһ£ƺһ㣬ϾѾ֪ˣ컹Ϊ˵˼ȥĻǲе㲻֪ˡҵûȥͽ˼Ӧ֪һɻ󲻽˵ں˵ʲôǡ
֣˼һȻ˵£Ҳ벻ףҰּȻ˵ˣһĵЩǲ²͸ģѾ¬кˣǾûбҪٹȥˡ
һ˵ͷղҲϸ˼еԭ򣬳⣬ÿʱδʱҪȥݷöԷ˵ô£ֻеȽ֪ˣеĿԴ֮С
һҾúǲ顣һ˵ڿʽʱǺȹעҵģȻ¬ſڵġһֱΪϸǺϽҴкˣҸղŴ绰ϸʱ˵ûУǲҪŴкԽԽףȻǴкǺôʶأһ˵ʱһţڴͻƵġ
µȷʵΣ˵ȷʵӦʶѽȻϴںڳһ㶯ǵӰϾޣûеܾ˼ҵĵزѽ֣Ҳɻ˵
⻰˵һûһҲġϴεе󣬵ҲзΧڣҼ֪˶ϢĪԲĵؽҲ˵ҢͨǼ˽⵽һµĻһ벻ʲôܹʡίǣҲܲԭ
СԺҲûһͷֻоһһ˵ˣںҢվͺͱĽǶȥ˵һģԵ̫ġ
һѾ⣬´ʻĻϰĸǰһҲ̽һ£ô¡Īرһţʵڲһ顣
ֹһԺ󣬾ͻؼˣһ޻


İʮ 
µһܿʼԺһҪ飬Ҫƽһ¡Ժ󣬶Էе㲻̫ȻһһȥƻһȽϹصˣҪǺ˲پƵĻǾԲµġ
ǷԺһžøҪͨһ£Ϊµ֮ĹϵˣǺܿصġʱ˸ᣬͶԷ˹ͨ
֮еһԭֻ¶ԷΪһĴܲеƲ˼ڼԷȻ֪û˼Ҳк
һԺϵ飬ûرܲһ취˵˵ĻһҲһ֪ˡ
һ˵úǷѾ֪عʲô뷨ѹ˵ǲֵѽٺ٣
ֵܣͱȡЦˣҲȷʵǺȶ˾ƣһûаѳסǺǣε˵Ҳ֪ԭȵǸλþһź˵ĻⷽԼҪͦϸΡǺǣ
һ룬ͨһ£ǺбҪҪȻ֪ᱳʲôİأһƵ˿أҪԭһǣöԷǸԺܻΪڹٳϵһǣƵ¿˵Ҳ䲻ⰲŵģͨҲʶŮĻᡣ
磬ûʲô˵ģĻҴʶҵλٺ٣һɵ˵
֪ʱҪƵĹǣõķԱ˵᲻ԷλʵҪʵڶԷĻҸᣬżܿһ棬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
⻰ԺȻһɣѹ˵ԭϵҲǴ˵ѽٺ٣濴ϴΣŮ˵Ժͣ˻ͷȴһĻش
Ҫǵڶ糿һ绰ʱ򣬶ԷҲ˵ڱ棬ӦòôѹˣʱԷ˵ڼأɾͱˡ
Ǻǣ磬֪ǰҵ飬̫Ϥˣԡ˵ʱһҲͣһ㶮ı顣
󣬹Ȼͷﻹһ˵˼ҶҶ
һ룬㶮ʲôѽԼڶûأҪľЧȻٻˡ
˶ԷĹԺǸͮŮóƶǺģ˶һģ׷أϴڱɲһ֮ơ
һ󣬶˵磬ͱˣšⶼǻģȥ˵Щ齻ȥĻҲ㡣
⡭Ļǲе㲻ֵ̫ܣε˵
û£磬С£ͲҪˣֻҪͶɩܿ֡Ըˡٺ٣һЦ˵
ǺǣһЦȻ˵¾鷳ֵˣʲôϸҲ˵ˣշ
һ׼䣬ͻȻһһأǲʲô˵顣
⻰Ժһƶ񺹲ѣǲ칦ܣôһһ׼
ΪֹΣһ˵ѽһͲܸйϵ飬׼ȻٸģȻˡ
Ǹֱӣ׼ȡЦһ벻һ˵йص飬æʵֵܣ˵ʲôйص飿
Ҳһֵһ֪׼ôŲʡ
ȥ԰ƼҳԷʱǸСԱʲܸôûȥȥһǣҶǵӡĥǲǸøᣬȻܺúõĽһ¡磬˵ǰɣһһ˵
һЦ˳漴ϵ˵ǵģǵġ
ŷӦһˣˣ˵ףԸϽֵʱ򣬱һȺС̫øˡ
һĵشЦ
Ƶ⣬һһҪȥһ£Ǿǹ̸꿵顣ĩʱǴӦҪԷԷģ˵ˣˣôҲ˵㻰ѽ
һ˵еѶȡ̸һŮˣҪΪиƺƳɵĻһ֮䷢ʲôɫ¼֮ͨǰĽ̸꿶ӦҲе˼ҪӦòʲô£һ뵽ܺƺƳ֮ϵһȤȫޡ˵Է飬ҲȫǼӦʽģãһʱ򣬻ֵͦģҪȻһûԷ
Ȼ⣬һȴżôҲõȵĩɣʱϡֻ뷨ûǰ̸֪ͨ꿡Ҫǵʱ򣬶Է˵鲻ʱ䣬ҲѾˣûʱ䣬ǾͲҵˡһ
һʱ˵绰˵Ǻ͡糤ԼˣϣһǲǷ㡣һһӦȻ׼Ķ˵ͷſһҽнϴľƵһ˵ʱһ׼ʱȥ˻Լʱ䣬롣
磬԰ƼҳԷʱһͰϵ˵˳Ϊ֮ҵĿȻΪòĵǶġ
һĻ󣬽е㲻ΪȻеСˣΪҲãº󻼣ֻһߣ˼ʲôûпڡ
һ״ʵ磬ôûʲôҪעģ˵ʵһǺܿƵģϾΪиĸ鳤ࡢӣӦû
ʻԺ󣬲żشͳɢһȦԺ󣬲ſ˵ϵܣҾ´úܶԣڿȥҲûʲô˵ģһҪµʱֲĻɾˡ


İʮһ Ƕȿ
Ļ˶˵ͷղŲΪȻĽҲ֮ɫǶڹٳϻ켣֣֪жĲпԣ¹ǨĹؼϣ޷绹أοȷء
ư̵Ժ󣬼˵һҾ糤ԷʱðԼһϡ
ŶһһûзӦɻʵ
ǺǣһĻ糤֪ȷ£׫ġػش
ɣҪôʽֲʲô˵顣ӿ˵ȻͬƸղǻĹ۵㣬⻰ԺöԷеŪˣܼ򵥵飬㸴ˡ
˽ӵĻ󣬲ʺ͹ܷҲص˵ͷҲΪô֣µĻǲе̫ˡ
Ƽ˵Ժ󣬲Ųæ˵λֵܣ֪ûվ糤ĽǶûУֻһץĵƬ˱ֽϣܶ˶ղų˵⡢֮һˣһҳԷžʹдʲô֤ϡλֵܣһ룬Ǹ糤𣿡
һ˵һǰһ˵磬˼˵Ϊ̫ӣ糤ΪãץԺ󣬲˳£
һĻƲûпڣֻ΢ЦؿŶԷ
˵һֻȻ˵ֵܣ¾ôһмֵ飬Ժ󣬷ʲôɸ˵ĶƵģνＫطѽ
˲ʵĻƵⷬмֵһ˵磬οɶ㣬ҪȻĻοǻɷȮˣûԼժԽԽˡ
һ˵ⷬʱ򣬿иж˵Ƥ⻰ûҲһ˵֮ǰĹ۵㣬ȷʵǸཻܵõٵջξһ͵ӣҪһĻƬҲûʲô飬һڣ˵Ĺעʱ͵Ļֵöһˡ
ʱһֱӺһ١ԴӼʶʽһԺվͱ˶ȡԶ̬֮ȣԣһ˵ļ٣һܣҲ˵֣ҲѧУ㱨
һ֮Ҫ٣һҪ֪ͨӺСãһٺúһ룬ûʲô©ĵطҪôҪĻһҪˮ©Ļ¶ˡ
֣ϵûʲô˵ˣϵɷϴľѵ绰ʱû˽ӣҲأһеżˡٴβӵĵ绰ȥѧһСãȻӵʱѧУſڵȣȥһһ£֣ص˵ʲô飬׼ʱУſڵȣҿҪ˵˵ˡ
֣æ˵֪ˣİɣһ׼ʱУſڵȡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһСõ¿ץʱһ£ţ治У˭֪᲻ʲô顣ţһʱȥ˼ϾҲǳˡ˵ΪֳùԤⷽ飬ǸкȻлǿеϵͲܲˡ˵ˣڱϾ̫£ܿ޶áĿǰһġ
ˣҲϵˣһִʱˣǾؼϢһ£˳һϵ龿ô˵Ǹ糤˼ҲκġԺһؼҡ
ԺΪԼһ裬Ȼɳϣ׼ֻ̣ͻȻˣһФĵ绰һúǲ죬ʱϰʱ䣬ôԼ绰أ
绰ͨԺФһĽȻлԺФ˵ݵ飬֪
ݵ飿һǺ棬ʲôˣҲ֪
Фѹ˵̨ˣ˵ǵģ˵Ϊԭ޷ټȥˣʡҲͬˣ˴׼£Ӧð˾Ųʮˡ
ŶһӦһȴ˸пʵӪòȻ˺֣Ҳѹƹ⻹˲ǰ£ȻΪӵ飬øյĽ֡Ҳ˵ʱҲûʲôߵ׷ˣܹȫ˾Ѿ֪ˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһһ֧̣ͷȫ֮ǰݺͺ顣ͨ飬һһõٳС£ҪܺԼҶҲܵģĻпܳǧｭѨ
嵽˵֣ǲҪĵģڹٻ֮ҳЩҪУرǶ;Ӱ飬һᴦúܺõġĸɩԶںȻҲõģĲµľСáڻһѧļʶޣǳױãһҪȰ̸¸㶨Ļһ޴ʱгµĿܡ뵽Ժһɵüͷ
µһ֧Ժһϵ顣˵˲ûʲô˵ģֻҪӺöȥԷǾͻɢˡĹλѧУ߶ԷҪǻŵĻǾǳĵˡһţһġԺһ豭鷿ȥˣȥɱĹ


İʮ 
ĵʱ֣˵绰һѾҵˣѾ˵ˡһһԺ֣˵˵ҪǽˣʱֱȥϴƵꡣ
һüͷһ壬ʵûô£
ҵʣæʲôƵģòҵ˵仰Ժ󣬾ͼҴҵϿȥˡ֣̾һ˵
һüëš˴֣Ҳٶ˵ʲô֣ԼãԺڽϴſڵȣĻԷͲû°Ժֱӹȥˡ
Ҷ˵绰ԺһǲˬҲ޿κΡԼһ䣬ϼõʱһܹ𣬱Ͼأ˼ҿˣôأΪָɣء
ʱһʰһ¾׼ˣǣȥˣǿе˵ȥ
һϴƵʱ㻹ûȵ̨һİ䣬ȻȥһȽϺˣʮ˴ӵֵ֣ɫСĵ̺ǳĻģԱ߻죬ʳǱ߳Ա߳
һľһְ裬Է˭ֳֳģȻΪ귽˼ṩڳǾˡ
һȦԺһûʲô⣬Ǳ㵽˴ãӭӿ˵׼䣬һ绰߶ԷѾˡ˵һͶԷһԼ˱塢ˣƽʱξһˡһȻʲô㹻󣬶༸˷֡
һڴõɳȻسһ֧̣ҲܾܵΪһʱˡϴںôĶδȫһ£μ߼ѵ࣬һαȽĵӣȷʵһ顣
ʮֵʱ֣߽˴ãһ漴Է֣Ǳߵȡֹʮңĵ绰˹˵Ѿӱһ͵ˡ
µ绰Ժһ֣ôû֣Ҳһļæ绰ȥô򴫺һṦһİֻֻ֣ϣһáڵ绰˵͵ˣ໹ӡ
֣ŷ˵΢㣬е㼱ˡæ˵֪֪˵Ժ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰
һȻͨݣԲûٶʲôֻϵıǲˬ֣󣬲ΪŤһѺ
ֵһᣬվſӭȥǶԶԷӦأûʲô˵ģϾ˰æ̬һҪڵõһ㡣
վſڵһԺ󣬾ͼһ񳵿˹һڸϵҪ³֣֪Էһڳϣǰӭȥ
ǸտһͻȻһݴﳵѸʻ˹һɲͣǸǰһüͷһ壬׼ˣͻȻƿһǲʵСãô㣿
磡úߵؽһȻԴӳһǸк˵Ҹ磬㡭
кϴ󾽣ֻ׼͵ſڣȻֱӻȥˣ˭֪ȴһ⡣
клԣõѾ֪粢̫޳飬ڷأ벻쾹ȻͶԷ˸档´ͳһл׾˺װȻ󹧾صһ֧һﺬ˵һ磬̡ҿղŹʱϰһĿڴ棬ҪȻʱܻΡ
һСùȻһһ𣬲һֱʱŹиղǳаңֱײˣȻԷɫʱСվһߣǱ߱ҲѾ³ˣͶԷ£ӹԺһֱǰȥ֣һĺ棬֣ȻСлԣ˵ǽе飬Ȼȥɣ
лԣΣ֣һ˵ɫŶԷ΢΢һЦֵ˵ͷԺת׼ϳ
һԷ˵ٶȺܿ죬߳ȥѾ˸ǰһֵһȣһ֪ӦþǸյ糤
˫Ժ׼Ϊܣ糤ȿˣǲԣôģ
⻰Ȼǳ׼ϳлԣ˵ġһһ㶣룬ѵ糤ʶСõѣ
лԣ˽֣ͣпŵĶ˵ʵǰеӡ󣬵Ǻηʥ˵ֻнӲػشһ䣬ãǰ͹ģ׼˵ָָվһߵá
Ŷ۾˼һ£ǸŮµŮӦһãǲȷϣһ˵ĻɾͲˡ
һ״æ˵糤ãҵá
˻ҲΪһ˽ܣ糤ҺǰݺеĳгһӺá
һգȻ֣õ˵ͷת˵ܣǲǿٶһˣ
֪Է⻰ʲô˼ǵ˵ͷԷǹȻ˵ʲôʲôˣҶԷ˵ĶһˣҲʲô˵飬Ȼûоܾĵ
ԣѽʱҲˣһûгԷɣһԵɣл巢롣
лԣ˻Ǹмʵγ˳ٷκõĸȻҲ˼ˡһ˵е㶯ģɲֱӴӦ۾һ


İʮ Ʒ糤
һǸѽĲöԷԲԷνؼ⣬һôԼõĹϵδ÷򡣿뵽ʱһֱ˵ĳ嶯ڻͬϾҪģɲܲԷӣ»ָæء
һһ£ô䱻ΪˡЦ˵糤벻뵽һȥأҲдأֻղżˣû˵кأôһɣ룬룡
˵߳һĶ״سлԣһĶһﲻһYYбҪ˽һСӵıӦеͷ糤ڶ˹
һıԺ󣬾˼ãôҲ޷ղŵǷȻǴӶ˵ģ̇ͷãȻؿ֣һۣϣɩҵ͡˭֪֣Ҳҡҡͷһ̯˫֣һҲ֪ơʵе뷨ģ֪һһǲѶΪ֮ǲͬлԣҲġ
ϯպǢҺ˲پƣǶûйһԿԿǳͽлԣ䲻֪еԭ򣬵ǿһͥйϵֻһУѧԷûаͽĵһҲȻˣлԣлǿݹϵǰͽᣬƺҲ֮ˡ
Ҳһ˾һ۾ͿлԣǸŮ˼ŮĸƺܲðԷһѡöԷһǲ֪лԣıҪȻĻһССؼеĸгôܲͬúлԣأǴŵҲҵĺ£ھȻ˻᲻ͬ⣬ǲɵ
ԺƱվлԣ˵ԣֶѽȥлǻ㱨һ¹֪ܷ˵һ
лԣ⻰Ժæʹɫ䲻Ҫ׵Ĳ硣֮ǰþ͸߹ˣ֮Բͬ飬Ϊ֪лǿ֮Ĺϵ
лԣʱϸóĽǳֿܣһһлǿʲô·ˣڶһֹټӵܣַĵĲм֮顣֪õ磬ȻҲǹٳˣȴûκ̣ߵزȫŬ¡
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лԣԽڶԽֿԣΪѧνĹٶһʲô̬ȣڴѧ涼ûаļͥó˵ãҲϴлǿ֮ѲŸ߶Էļͥġʱ˻ϸһʼʱΪлԣı֮ʲôìܣķԺҲÿԭ
ʹлԣ϶֢ˣ֮⣬Ȼ糤ڴ֮ͥ˳ǲˬô⣬ֲ˵ʲôֻվ˵糤ȾƣȾơ
쿴˶Էı֣Ϊ˺ӣ̫˼ϰó˵£룬Сɵñڰӣȴڶҵ죬УһҪ˵һ͵ڰСһѣ˹ˣȻҵĺáʱǰ䣬ŲλõĿ겻Ǿʵ
еϵԺӴ˵ԣѽǰʱ˵ƻԪʱ򣬰һ·Ŀ̸ôˣ˵ͦ׵ģֻҪʡĻӦá
һ糤һƷΪлԣƨ˵ǲֶˣ룬Ҳ˼ҵı飬ѹôֻСС糤뵽Ժ͵һҪ٩һ¶Էĳ嶯佫һֱڶǾ仰˵
һЦ˵糤˵Ǹлʲôĸģʡģģ
⻰˷ܲѣһֱʳ⣬ѾǼʹɫˣȺһͬľͷһ㣬Ĳ硣ںˣһʵˣһлԣϲŮĸ硣ʱһָм֮С
ѾƱһţѾ˲ϺȾˣȰĵ֮
Ц˵г֪ѽСлİְ־ʡίлǵֱ쵼ǴҶĿõģʡί쵼ӣԺ󣬼пܡ˵ֵʳָһϵĶ˼ָлĿռ䡣
һӸղŵ֮ѾµлԣʡίлĶӣղŷֻΪ˶һ졣˵ô̲ס˵ʡίǺѵû˵ѽ
һ⻰ɫҰҲղŵ緢ָղһ˵©ˣӦ˵лֻʡίĸ´ӦöģڽĳݵʱһҲϰԵİѸְĸֱʡԣ벻һȻ֣µ˳һĻɾ뱻ˣҪ˭⻰ȥĳ˵ʡίίѾɺлˡĻŹлҲһҪÿģǵ͵쵼֮ìѽ


İʮ ƷƷ
뵽Ժæ˵гˣ˵лָʡίĸлͬ־ҲСлĸסղŵǻɲܳȥ˵ѽ쵼Ķ棬ҿҪԲ˶ˡ
һ⻰ԺֻúЦ֮ȴһҲû¶һ˵糤˼ˣģĶѣ˭Ҳ⻰ȥ˵ġ
⻰ԺһĨͷĺ飬æ˵ǾͺãǾͺá
һֱԱ߿ţղͿһڿӸҲֹڼ˵ˣæ˵˵ȾơԲˣ
˵⻰ͬʱһʹһɫ˼ҪѰԷˣҪ˼߳ŭĻʲô֤ĻҲˡ
һҲһʱ𣬲쿪˸ЦûöԷ²̨˼ǶƱͶԷΪղŵⲻˡ
ʱȻٺҶ˵ʲôˣֱԷץסѱʱֵ÷ȥͣαأڶûиԷûóղŻʡһ֣ǹġ
Ժ󣬾öԷûףҪȻĻԷҪæģôأĻ߼Ҳ˵ȥѽ룬ģôǸؼеĸгˣûУѶԷúñһء
ʱΪεӦ죬ȴôãһεģȻлԣˣǳᵽˡס죬δԸ˵ʲôѾ޼ˡһı֣öԷӦһˣһ˲䣬һ󵨵ľҲΪԼҸƴһˡ
ԺлԣվùƿԼǰıϣȻ˫ֶһ˵磬֪еᣬ֣ص˵һ䣬ҰҲãұҲãңǣΣϣܸһᡣҾҸˣ⡣˵⻰ԺһһҺ˺
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ڣлԣеľƱѾˣܴĸǶ˵ⱭúȥҪǲȵĻҲлԣʲô糤ƲŹ
һһ£лԣ˵Ɑƣһȣں֮ǰǲҲ
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һ״˵ͷ˵ֻһҾòɣ㿴ô⻰ȥеûͷûԣΪʲô֮䣬ֻһҪأлԣȴһָ֮Ĺϵ
Ժлԣæ˵Ǿģҷ㣡ʱĶǵȾһ硣
ĹľĻȷʵвƺ֮ܶҲüҲвȷʵܺȣֻһСͻͷתлԣӦþǴʱĶʱȥ˼¡һͬⱭƣһȷźţ˵ճĸչͿԼİˡ
һƱһȻŷԱ֣һֻƱ֮ҪлԣΪղ˵ܺȾƣҲǶһ顣һֱһϻƷƷԿлԣȾƣҲΪǶƷһ顣
ôʱһĹ֮飬лԣҪˣƿȵģе㲻ҡͬʱҲһϲ֮飬Ϊ֮ǰѹͲԶԸȾˣô˵Ҳһѽ
ʱô֣ñлԣ˴ѵʱеԥԥģʱ˸ɩǿҷԣ⣬Ҫлԣ潻ˡ֮е٣Ϊлԣڶеó˵飬Ϲȥġܾϻ˵Ｋط̩ɣ
ԱĸƱԺ󣬾ȥлԣʱʶԣղǱӲסȥģԲʮΪѡƾеˣټϻҪٺе޷ȥԺˡղѾ˵ⱭһһĻǿɾˣƽʱһƿơƶ˵һ޴ս
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ûվ˵лԣѾ׼˾Ʊˣʵ̲סˣվ˵гҿҪ˰ɣԣһӣҪȾƵĻ㡣˵߳лԣһƣ˼


İʮ ͸㶨
һ⻰Ժһˬ룬Ͳô£ҲʲôѽҪԷæҲѻ˵ˣֻЦŻش糤˼Һ˾꣬㣬ģҽһȵþˡ
Ļճڣͱлԣˣɫ˵糤Һ顣˵һãȻ˵糤ƻûȣͷԻѣмҪ鷳㣬֪Ƿԣ
лԣʱȻ֪ǻ糤ˣȷʵڼԷΡȻõĶ糤ʲô飬һԿ϶һ飬ҪһѣΪоһӵġ
лԣĻֿ˻æ˵ԣֶʲôԸֻ˵ֻҪܰ쵽ģģһ
лԣԷˣֱӿ˵飬æڽ͸㶨㿴
⻰Ժǳһ룬˼ѿ㻹˵ǲǽˮˣлԣ⣬һӻû취
˵һԺòûʲô˵ģҲԸæҲ̫׾ˣ׼ȽԹԺٸԷ졣Ѽ򵥵ˣҲǻĹٳһɫҪȻ·޷õ˵Ƶġ
лԣ͵˽Ͱ½Ҫ󣬻еΪѡ֤ð죬ֽˢˢʾͿɣؼǹ´˿칫ĳ˯ءûйµĻ֤Ͽɾûʲôˡ
˵ΪֻҪĵãûʲôܹ˵ġһԺ󣬳ߵ˶䣬Ȼվȥ
ҲѸվлԣ˵ԣֶģһг£ұ֤ٷ֮ǰ͸㶨ֻơ
ãǾлл糤ˣлԣ˵߳һơ
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һлԣıԺﻹǺģȻΪԷƽ¡˵ⱾͲʲô˵飬ֻΪѣ˵ҲԼˣҲˣҲˣԷҲܲ¡ĻԺôȦ죿
˵ʵ֮ǰлԣ˽⣬֮ԲͬСú飬ҪΪлǿԭڿ֮ǰƺеˣȻҲ֮ͬ飬ֻٲ֮ǰˡ
˺ܿѸǰƺȵˣһã˼ӲˣǿѹһѹûˡлԣѾƺȵԺ󣬹Ȼ֮ǰ˵ǲˡ˴ʮӣʵǼֲסˣվȥ˭֪ƨɸ뿪ӣ¾һģˤߵ˾æַס
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ղżлԣԷȾƣ춼ûȰסʵѡ˱տڣ˵һ˾ҲܺȾơڼлӽŲˣæվŶԷȥ䡣
һԺλ˾ƿţߵһǰ˵гãϰĹеˣȰͻȥˣǸ״̬ʵڲܹλкˣҼ¡죬ԻԸλⲻǡ⻰˵ģ֮վһĸǰΪлԣλ
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֣ɷķɨһۣϲûʲô飬Ƕ˵СãȥɣҪصĻȥҽԺ롣
æվһǣȻ漴תȥһʱҲö˵ʲôˣʵ˵ʵҲе㵣ģһѶԷȳһôѲ˵Ρ
˾óȥԺ˼ȾƣҲҲղŵˣټ֮ǰҲȷʵ˲ˣҪġ
ֵ˴ԼʮӣղߵŽˣ˳ְһöԲεӡ·档
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ߵſڵʱһһߣ˵глǱߣҪл˵ϻĻֵ䡣ͷҶףˡ
һ΢΢һ㶣˹ԷǴղĬȥչлԣϣ˶ߡЩһûһɫԷ£ڸ÷ˡô˵޷ܾģһԺ˵糤ģֻҪ˵ϻһ˵顣⻰Ǳ̨˵ϻɾͲܹˣӦһܸõĻشˡ
ʵҲûָһܰʲôæֻ᲻ðײãȻԷô˵Ҳûʲôġ֣ʱ񳵵λȥ
һϳԺ󣬳ˣתһİµϳȥ


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Էʱ˶һȻϸ˵еḶֻ́Ǻǵ˵һ䣬ûʲô⣬֤Ѿõˡ˼״ҲΪһоˣͬʱҲԼԺµʱһҪۣͷԣʱ⵽ʱ֮ӡ
ƲɵǸͮŮӣ֪Ժ֮ô䷿ģǶԷȴ˵ûǱҪҲûм֡ĿǰΪֹŮĸоǺܲġ


İʮ ϰ
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ٺ٣ˣСӣ˵ˣʱ绰ʡϵǡ֣漴ת˻⡣
֣֪ˣټһȻ˵ټǵ֣˵绰ԺŰͲسʶеġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬷һЦ֣һСͷΪ뷨跨үӸеһ˿ֻһ˲顣½үԺһĲʱŸом̡ǣ¥ȥˡ
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һһԺ󣬳ʹһɫƱ;òףڿһıԺˡЦų˵λϸ磬ĩǶɲһ֣˵ǵУѧԱҪǱй쵼Ļƺе㲻סȻֻǹȥԷһ£ǶķǵĹܳԵ
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һ󣬳˻˵λϸ磬ѵʱͣȥ̻ʹʱٸǽܼλѣ˶һ㡣
һ⻰Ժһɨղŵή֮ɫǿɶǵöԷ˵ΪҢŮģ˼ҲûǡǱȥĶԷҪҪö顣һŴҵı֣Ƶ˵ͷʾлʱѾɨһˣư˵һ䣬ҪȻĻҿܻеˡ


İʮ 
극ԺһϳֻཱུһһŹˡ⳵ʱ򣬼ֲһſΪȵȻǹܷͳֻһȻ̸꿷Ķţǣˣеǲæϵ꣬ͱȥ̻ʹˣ۸̫ˣ
̸ȻЦĿǷģԷ˼ȷʵʵʵڵġʱͶһ˵ģûʱ䣬ֵܿˡ
һſ񺹲ѣǰǵµģˡڸôأϿ϶ǲˣոԼãյĻ֣ȥ֮֡ǰһֱ࣬ںòлһˣڵУѧϰûʲô飬ĩʱ򻹲żңƺе˵ȥ
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˵УԺϹȥƣһδ̸꿵飬ûвͣѡһ߹ս׼һȥضԷĶš˭֪һƻûпֻ꣬ͻȻһʶΪ̸꿴ˣæ͵绰ȥ
ͳֻһԼŴģеЦã˻£ɹġ
绰ͨԺ֣Ҫȥ̩Ǳ߳˵飬ǸŮ˰ȥҪգһܻһĻмֵ֮飬һѩոձ䣬ҪȻĻô˵ġ
ԼŻǺ˽ģҵʲôģûôϣֻͼһˣǲġ
һڵ绰涣һעⰲȫɷʲôĲҪؼܳ£ΪѵطϵˣĻܶ䲻
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֣ºܸߣûһ˵꣬˵һ֪ˣ߻飬ʱٺϵ˵⻰ԺֱӹҶ˵绰
һҡҡͷԼŵԸ˵һʱᣬأҲĲˡһȥһ߰
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⻰Ժ󣬶Ц
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˰칫Ժ̸꿸ǲˣѵԴ򿪣½QQİһһšֻͷֱߣȻжʾ̲סһᣬһ£е绰Ž֪һδεһδεط£ʧ֮ʣͻȻһţ̸æȲֻ
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İʮ 
һԺ󣬵ûж룬ֱӻظǾʱٺϵΪԷٻˣ벻ֻշŽ´ཱུһˡ
ϿεٴԺͶһƳһֻԺһ΢΢˵ͷһֱı֣ó̸ֻֻظһ֣á
ҵԲصģϿءһﰵ뵽
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µϹܣ̫·ˣֵҴ㿴ϵһֶá˵ţͰϵ̯ϣȻֻһƬøҲãһ͹ܷҪ÷֣治һ׵¡ѹֹܷѡƶȥҲ֮ˡ
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ܷۼ⣬Ժæ˵ҹգǰ档
ϻ⻹Ҫ˵ѽ˭ȻղŰ·Ƶоǲˬû˵
ܷҲ֪ԼղԱʺǳԺҲû硣
һ߼˵ֵܣһᵽԺٺúõɱһ֣ϹȥСԱȥ
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һ֮ͣʣܷѾͽϵˣ֪¥ī漴ˡ²ʲûмôҲǽˡ
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Ӽ˶ˣæк˶˵żղŵĻأʱҲ硣һ˵Ҳżˣ÷Ա˿ֿʼ
ΪȻҪÿȴ˭֪ܷȴԶԶģһ˵Ҳ棬ҿء
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һƴûǾᣬһСʱŴ꣬һƽһʤܷһԺûаסһ߹սʱʱػһòʲϵس۾
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֮ǰӾƶ˾ƹ棬Ϊ˹ƽ˱ȫԺ󣬲ſʼơһĻһ˭ԼĽˣͻἰʱӭͷϣ˼Һ⻹а뱭أһƵĻǿҿԡ
ӵĲȣٿһߵĸվƿһ֪ѾˣʱɢĻƺе㲻ʣ˵ôɺҲûʲô˼˵Ӱɣ˭˵ĺãָһ˺ȾƣǲظѡͬһˣĻе̫˵ˡ


İʮ 壬Թ
Ļ˶ʾͬ⣬ڵطϿɶǾƾˣ˵ȻѲסǣźǣûŮϣĻɱһɫȤö࣬ЩҺСٸߵıκζӸĶ
˵ܻȥʱ򣬺ͼһԷһȤĶӣˡĻ˶ֹͣϵĶһ
ʿЧԺ󣬻Ǻģ˵һ˼ңСķɤرһ˼ܶˣ˶Ķݵˣ˵Сһ㡣극˺ͿһƣСķʰϢǴս˶˯ѽ󾽣Ҳ׷Ͷ˹Ŀ⣬æ˵˵Сķ漴ش˵ģ˶࣬С
󣬶ۣٺٵЦܷ˵СķһǹģĻ˵ôٵĻ
ܲٲٵȾƣʳµܷкȾһ磬ȻѾˣȻûʲô˵ģƱڣѱоƸɵˡ¾ƱԺݺݵص˲һۣ˼ҵšƫȥһ˵ˣֱ˹ܷı֡
λ˳һֵˣƱмƣȻ˵˵һҪǶԽ˭Ҫǲд𰸣ҰһȨøôһ˵ԾԾԣæ˵
˵һǻӾ⣬̾񲡴Ƿǳ·͵ߡҽʲô֤ݣ˵һ°ؼңһ¹濴·˵ԺƲ˵ˣص˵ķӦ
ϸһƷζе˼Цйܷµһо񲡣ñӶ֪ôһ˵Цøˡ
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˼˻ش𣬿ʼնҡͷҺΪѣѵҪӴĽǶȥ⣬ܷǳˡ
ʾԺ˼ͻȻֻ˵ˣٺ٣ǴһˣĶ
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ܷǸѽ޿κΣ˭ԼղûƵǸأնƱ͵ղŹ涨漴˵Сңղһ˵Ĺ涨أҸղѾȹһˣⱭûлȵġ˵꣬װһϧذѾƱ
˭֪⻰ԺһҲżƵ˵Ϲܣˣ治ãղһ˵ǽЦָ˺ȣЦƽģȾƵңߡǲǲˣеĻ˵Ұȡ⻰ˣ˵ܷܺˣ˵ˣһ£ĸ˻Լˡ
ܷһҲ֮ǰĹ涨ˣƱ͹ȥԺ󣬻ѱӵ˼顣ʼ״Ц˵ûϹܻϵ׳ѽ
ܷ˲ʵԺ󣬸׼һתһ룬ֱСӸˣϵ׳˵Լŭһ䣬ϵ׳㻹࣬ĪѾ׳ˣ
˫˵Ѿŵҩζˣæ˵ֵˣˣһ㲻ǰĲһΡ
˵Ժһһ֪һľԾѡ߶ˡ
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Ȳʺ͹ܷĹ˾ԺһЦ˵ֵˣˣЦǰϿġһϣʦʣ׺ͽɡʲôһһͷһͷʦ60֡һŮһǵòͬɡˣһˣˣǾͻһˡʦ󣬺˵100֡
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һܸܵһֱǶԷһĲ˻㲦Էһ£Ц˵磬Ɑƾ͸ˣӦûɣôС£ϸܸ㶨ģٺ٣
Ϊһ˵ⱭƣԲû⣬ֻ֪ԷָܵһȰ֮Ժ󣬽ӹƱһӣһںȸ˱оƣȻ֣ص˵ֵܣлˣ
ƵĻһ㶣ǹܷ룬˼Ⱦƣ㻹Ҫлѵʱûоƺȣˡǲһ֮ʲôգԲŻãȻҲǵ壬Թˡ


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˿䣬һ˵ģһ˵ģԺˮһݣǰǲܺȵ̫ࡣ
ܷ״̬еˣûе˵ĳ̶ȣʱ򣬳˼ҴʦСеģ·ǶĿүƵġӼ״æȥһ¡˵УߵñȽϽڼϽǶȻԱĪˡ
һ˹ܷıְüͷ˵ʵϲզզĸоУһֱһ͵ˣټͨ־ơϡŵ˽ӴԺиǿҵĸоʵˣʵʶǷǳ͵ġϲװǻƣΪµһǡǡһģϴεǸСǸཪϾǷǳ͵ӡܷпԭϾǺ˾ˣƽʱӦòš
˴ӳԺһֱӰ˰Ħһ֣ѵһ·òҲе̫˰ɣѵԡǷҪ
ʵ֪ǽȰź˵ģиϴεľԺ֪һһѯʵĻһ˵Ҫɴһնࡣ
˵֮Ĺϵ֣һͬһ𿸹ǹһι潡һ𿸹ǹ֮϶ǲʵˣͬѳʵʣµһڽͻơ
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һոһʦˣһо˲ԣȻŵɫĹûпϣ¶һΰ׻ز鹵ؿ
һߣʵϰ壬ѡʲôĦʽ̩ʽʽƼѡʽǿˬӴ
İʾǰ׳Ҳ֪ôˣһ΢΢һЦȻ˵ȥ࣬һҺ˲پƣֻҸ˰Ҵ£´ա
Ůеģ˵Ȼ֪е˼˵ʵǰ˻ǺмֺøеģϾ˼˵úתӦ˵Ǹˡ˭ҲԸⱻָűӣǸӡ
վһ˵ͷ˵Եȣ˵꣬ת˰Ħ
Ӧ׼ǼƵ꣬ĸ棬ǱȽģÿŶμǹ˿;ϵۣϵҪǱġ
һṦ򣬽һʮĸˣź͸ղŮһĹһȴȻ͸ղǸŮһ·ˡ
ʦַǲһúһͷİĦλ˾Ժ󣬸оеͷ͵ģڰĦ֮ǰߵ̫ѨϵһЩҺ壬һйĸоͷϮ漴ᵽذĦĦԺһֻˬ֮С
ĦʱһұߴһŮ˵ʼеĪתһ룬˹һǽӢɱءһȻȥҲų⣬ҲǸðɡ
ǸŮʦȻҲһƬ죬һ״Ȥװʵôèе˵Ů˽гèдһƴ
ŮʦȻû뵽˻ôΪ˵èǡǸ
һЦèʲôѽ
Ůʦ⻰Ժ󣬷Ӧˣ֪ԷѰģҲ˵µ㶮ġҪҪҲһ
һͼѾ˼ʶˣйƤһ㣬˵ˣղžԺҺߵġ
ղŻʲôŮʦʵ
ҡҡһſڽ֪࣬Ů˻Ϊûһʡ͵ĵƣʵʵöԷĦ
ŮʦʵˣһЦҲʼ˰Ħ
һĦˣصʱ򣬼Ѿˣ˵ķ䣬һǽӡһʱ϶°Ժһۣ϶ѡٰĦһ¡
һ֪һһֻһİĦĻô͹ˡ˸յ̣žͱƿˣһ֣ôôͽˣһˣԭǲʣ⵹֮С
ʽԺץϵ̾͵һ֧Ȼ˵Ǳ˵ʦַ治ǵǿ
һЦŵܸ磬ҹСǵǿҪҪҲȥһ£
ٺ٣ǻˣµòЦ˵һҲŴЦЦԺ˵£˲£λûأǱߵλҲû
ǻҪ˵ϹһͲʲôˣǵĴСϱ˲١ʶԹܷûʲôӡֱӺڵ
ܸ磬⻰Ϲ˵ĹܸƴˡһЦѵ
ǱɫͿ˵ӣܶԸʲΪ˵
һƶһۣεҡҡͷʺ͹ܷϾˡ
ֹ˴ԼСʱԺ󣬽Ӳƿţһ⣬һΣٿ̻Ҹʮͷһι潵Ըûʵ֡ʼ״վİȥ


İʮ ѵѡ
Ϣһᣬ׼뿪ˣڽ˵ʱ򣬽һӡ֤˸ղŵжϡֻ͹ܷͬˣ˶ֻһİĦȻЩʧҲΪ⣬ֻҪҴúãһһɶʵҲʲôʮҪ顣
˳˵ݣ˵¥ĴԺһ͵ؿǰһϤӰæ˵Ȼᣬǿǰ˭һָķȥֻǰһһŮ§ǰߡ
ѹ˵ǲ֮ǰôģôһ˵Ҳˡ
һڲ֮ǰѾ֪֮Ȫˣֻûгˡ
ǸŮġǸŮġܷʧ˵͵ʲôƵģסͣ˵ˡ
ǸŮôˣʶʵ֪һ֮Ȫǹģʳ⡣
ŶǡܷȻԥתһ룬˵ղ水ĦʱиСҪҪ£Ұ˳ȥҾúǰŮ˺ǸС㡣
ȷϣʵΪС㶼Ǿѡģ߶һңͶǰ͹ʵģϴ˵ĿԻǴڵġ
ȷϣͷغģһӣ洩ǵɫȹӣҼǵúˣֺݮܷش룬ôϴأҸղŻģ֪ŷɫ£ȥԸСʱûеֿסջ󣬲Ű͵طġ
ܷһ˵ﶼˣ֮ȪˡƵŲ˵ֵܣǹȥкҶͬѧôˣе㲻̫ò
ƵĻ˹˵ǵģҺͬѧͬأǵùȥк
һӺ͹ܷ֪ץ֮ȪУȥܿǵı֣Աǲ죬ǴʱѾ˲ôˡ
һ֪֮Ȫð棬ҲƺͲ֮ҪͷҲΪԭﲻӿһм֮飬û׽
Ӻ͹ܷΪԼƨɵҲɾȻѡˣĻпǾͲˡҲһѣԺٵЩط̫ΣˣʵڱûŵĻ˿ϹӦһС
ƺͲʼ˵ӰѾʧŹǰȥ߿ش˵̸Ķѵ˺¡ôĿ֮Ȫע⣬ı֣پһô
ȻܷһҧŮľһģҪһŪˣǿɾû·ˣж֮ǰȽһ̽ǺбҪġ
֮Ȫʱƣ֪Ҫʡѵ֮ǰСеѷ֮УϺ˵ƣǷҪǳСһƧĵط˳˻ǵһôɣڲ񼶱ģĴ̼֮£֮ȪһûаѳסֱŪ档
ѹԺǧöԷȥһºҩʱҲӦˣ֮ȪҲû¡ǰҲ飬ֻҪʱҩͲġ
˭֪Ժ֮ȪͻȻӵ˶Էĵ绰˵ǵڶ˯ˣԺ󣬾æȥϰˣȥˡ
֮ȪҲûж˵ʲôŮ˸вͷˣ֮ٻеģ˵ȷʵˣҲ޿ɺǡ
֮Ȫο䣬û£ĶôɾͻأҪǹô׼ĻȥμˡŮһ˵ҲĵЦ
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ǰϣŮ˸˵绰˵ǸѾһܻûء֮Ȫһ⻰ֻͷ˵һӴˣʲôʲôǸŮ˵ڶȥҽԺ飬Ϊֹ⣬˸˺һȥڶʱһڿΣǱߵĵ绰ʹ˹Ů˻ˣȷ
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һŮ˾ȻԸⲻҪָӣǴŵҲҵĺ£֮ȪԥˡеԭԶ׼Ҫ֪ĻŬɾͻΪӰˡ
֮ȪڴڽӴͽǰ֮ԾŮúһ£Ȼٸ
Ů˸оҲڶҡæ赼ڶˣҪһãҪٵȼĻϻϻ˵أڵУѧϰĵشְ뿪֪ģ֪ģϼһˣǰƣ˰¸š
֮ȪŮ˵úе㶯ģϾǶʮͷëͷСˣҪϸһףǶŮ˵𼱣Һúһ룬ⲻǳ嶯顣
Ůһ˵Ҳо鲢ô򵥣˵һãҵĵ绰Ҫ㣬ϲã粻˳١


İʮ Ů
죬֮ȪһֱΪ·գͷһֱСڴܡһ˵ѾвڴǸŮ֮ˣҪ͵ôǰ׳Ҳ֪˭֣ʱүһעʲôˣͷDNAɲʲôӵ顣һ˵ûµģǺӦôԶ˵Ѿְˣȥˣ˭ҺΡ
С˰֮ȪڵùǺòݰż٣ƻǵģڳԺȻܻȥˡҸطϸ˼һ£Ȼóϴ˸绰ȥɺͼУͬѧԼһԷ齫ͲȥˡʳɲһӦˡ
֮ȪųһСƹݣһ˺ƾƣѵʱͷȳĸͷȥ
ķʱ͵һ̧ͷֻ·ȫŰɫƹķȡʲôè壬֮Ȫ֪ҲвĵطȻûȥǿ͸ĲŵЩű¶ŮɵҲ֪ǶǸɶġ
˾Ƶ˷ܣ֮ȪѾһµˣֻʲôҴܵƵģһͼеСλáʱҺҲٺˣվˡ
Ժûֱȥ˳Ҫϸ۲һ£ȷһҸʺϣȻֱĿĵضȥʡϹ󹤷
һ·֮ȪܿġҷʱĹ۲ֻΪɫļҵСƯһ㡣ȻûǮŮˣȻòȡ
һ֧Ժ֮Ȫ׼ĿˣҵУڶиãһǺ˿ջ֮ȪĿˡƿţ׼³ͻȻʻһѲ߳ȻûѣǾȴһһģֱ˵ۡ
ءһ֮Ȫæ˳ţ޺޵һ䣬ģΪ°һʱĿҪˡĻҲȥϣһҪټĻǿɳ׹ˡ
˵ɽΪµĻүӲⲻָʹ˰֮Ȫ뵽ʱ򣬲һ
ֵһ֧̣Ҫ۾ȴ벻ǳáòһˣģĳЩλķӦ̫ңյۡҪǲйһµĻû˯֮Ȫһ˼붷ԺһҸߵĳĻܽ⣬ʲôΣա
ӦǺϤҪϵΣڳˣôϤľֻӦˡϴеһϰȥԹ֪Ƕصķȥ
ӦԺ֮Ȫҿ䣬ϢӦͨСĽֱϵݣֱ¥ϴԡĶȥǳģȻûҪٽˡ
ҴһԺݮСͽķ䡣֮Ȫһ͸ղǸһȺ˿زĹĵģһʵϣ⣬ȥ̸˼۸񣬾͸øˡ
СʱԺ֮ȪһͽԺ󣬽ľݮ˱ȸղǸͺˣĵķ
֮ȪڱˬͬʱŮ˴ȥúһ֤ûκκ֮ˡ˵Ǯʲôģʱῼǡ
ݮ˵ȥȻҲǿģĻܶǮһһֶΪأ
ʰһԺ󣬵Ժ󣬾ҵȥʱ֮ȪѾǰŮסˣ·ʱ䶼Ź߲ͣ
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ƺͲʴʱѾȫȷ֮ȪߵŮˣС㣬˵ĻҲ˼ڴ֮ͥ£ᱡġ
˽֮ȪȻװȻӣŤͷʾ˵֮ȪôҲ
֮Ȫ˺֣æ̧ͷһȻƺͲʣǺĵġԲ˵֯ģʶҲΪһߵýϽҲġ
ʱ֮ȪϵɫֻݮأæҪֳ˭֪ԽżԽУ־Ȼ·סˡ
ݮ״ˣС˵˵ѽҵ·Ҳܹ·ĸͲ࣬ټϱ֮Ȫ͵һѾ߹ıԵˡ
֮Ȫ⻰Ժ󣬸ļһˣҲ˳ƸںˡʺƵ״ڽһ䣬˼Ůѣ˵ƣԡٺ٣֮ȪһǶɫ
ƺͲʼԷȻһ˵˵˵ʲôŮȻָ˵˼Ȼϸ˵Ҳǰڲģ˼Ը飬ȻͱûаëǮĹϵ
ȻǶı֮Ȫ˵Ҳ޿κΡȻ֪ŮľӦϴԡС㣬ȴô֮Ȫؼû֤ѽȻҲôŹ֮Ȫͳݸ֮Ȫһ֧Ц˵Ưѽ֮ȪϵܣڽݲؽѽĽѽ˵⻰ʱ򣬲ҲѾǰһ֮Ȫϻˡ
֮ȪżѣſȻΪȥ£Ǵʱſһվ湻۵ģҪ˭ʶģͱүȥֵ÷Ѻһ½ˡ


İʮ С㣿
ֲתˣƲҶͬѧϵ˵ʿί֯ģȥԺ󣬼пܹһ˵ֱܱ˾ΪСµ
ݮСȻе㲻ˬɲԸÿ칤սĵط࣬ǿ֮Ȫı֣֪ʱܿڡһëԼȥˣҪٻȥĻЩɧЦȻĵصȴš
֮Ȫһһغǰ⣬ϵл̡ۿʱ򣬴ӵһһŮֱеĴԼʮˣҸ¼һֻǽӲŵ˵Ժ;רõˣƹŮ˱ǰŮ򷢳һŵЦǱܡ
ͬˣ֮Ȫ뵽ԺæͷȻʶǰˣҲöԷ®ɽĿΪȥ˲ٵطʶˣҲʶ
֮ȪĵȻǶģ˺ղһͷ˻ŮԸе⣬·ȫ綼ѾˣȻϾ˼
֮Ȫͨ۾ע⵽Ժ󣬳һе̵ٵſڣȻԲʺ˵λһеˣͣһһ£ϲܿҵ쵼һֱҸᣬֻǴҶæǺǣ
ĻԺƺͲʸ׼ڣͻȻߴŮ޵ӴⲻݮղŲǾͳôڻվأôǲλ綼ˣ׼4PѽϿɱΪǮҪѽŮ˵Ժ󣬷صЦ
ݮ⻰ԺˣŮԩҶͷ磬˶Ӧϴԡĺƣ֮⹴ĶǡݮҲǺǵģЦ˵ԭСѽ3P4PľͲˣѽǰȥǸƵôܽӿˣ
⻰ԺǸˣС˵ģвӳⲻǿ
⻰ԺڱĶ߲֪˵һʲôתŭΪϲﻹ˵˵ԭģҪвĻӿɲȥߵС㣬ء˵쵽Ů˵βһѣŮ漴ֱһЦͷļϿȥ˻§ųš
ݮ󣬺ǲˬûʶϲ֪ôСأԴƨϵĶ
֮ȪŮ˵ĶԻ޲ҸطȥģǱˣ֪Ͳˣһ֮ʲôҲûУڿɸˡΪ˷ֹƺͲʳȥ˵ĵģԲ˵СˣڳˣŮСѾ¶˵һСĵˡĶ飬֪Ͳ˵ŮʲôģɶѼȥˡ
˼ŶԲߣôŲŰǰΣԸȥ˭֪ǰ˸ᡣʵ¶һ˿ĵЦ⣬Ȼ˵֮Ȫϵܣʱ䲻ˣǾͲ͵õĺˣٺ٣ˡûпڣֱӳ֮Ȫ˻֣תȥ
λ磬ʵҵġ⻰˵һԺû˵ˡĻǵԼҪҪҪֱίһͱǻҲˡ
ʺѾţ֮ȪǼˣһ£Ҳأ˵̧׼׷ȥһƣǸݮСɼˣæһץס֮Ȫ˵ϰ壬Ҫߣɵôѽ
ȥģˣûʱˣ֮Ȫһƿݮ粽׼ǰ׷ȥ
ЩСģ϶ˣôô׾أݮֻץס֮Ȫ·˵ߣ㣬ҼȻˣǮɵøǹأҪȻĻҺûꡣ
֮Ȫкѱ͸ˣæʵУɥѽ˵Ǯ
ݮղžͿһǸݵˣԺ󣬲˵ԼŮѣղŲŴڿˣһת˵ҹһǧǹء
֮ȪʱĶ˵һǧǰ˰٣⻰ԺæƤʮֵĻıݮУȻ󼲲׷ȥôһ飬ﻹơ˵Ӱ
ݮǮϸһ£ȷһǧԪ漴СһתŵȥǮõˣҪ˳ȥԼȥˣСһˡ
ʺƳȥԺ󣬾Ϳһĳˣţֱ˽ȥǻ±֮ȪסʱӲҪʲôģѣڳû׷ȥֱʮΪϡ
ӦԺ󣬲ʲŰѸղŷ飬˵Ժ󣬳ĺЦ˺Զ
һ͵УԺֱӻ˼ҡǲȻ֮Ȫôһ;ÿģźǣûۼɵ۵ӣź
ڶһһֱ˯ʮ𴲣֣ڣһ˳ԱȫҲҲͲ̫ʱˡ¥Ժ󣬾ͿʼһµʵҲѰһ뵽óʱ䲻־ϵˣֻһ绰ȥ
־ƽӵһĵ绰ǿģ߶ԷˣĻȥгһҲΪԷˣ벻βܹһҾȻֱһ־ƶû뵽Ľֻ˵ϰ壬㿴ʲôʱ򷽱㣬һΪףһ£Ǵ£á


İʮ ƨɾԴ
־˵»ûöټڵҲȽУûǱҪˡʲôʱ򷽱㣬ٺ绰ϵ
һȻ־ƻе˼ҲͲټˡ漴ѻһת˵֮Ȫ飬־ƶ֪һ㣬ֱӺкҪȥ
һǳע֮Ȫϵ֮ǰںСìܣˣŵ绰˵һҵһ£㻹עһ㣬ܲĻҪнˡʱ˵ǳؼûбҪ¶ˣϻǳ˵ɽڣûգ԰ɣ
һӶԷĻУоĹУæ͵ϰ壬֪µأ֮һ£ȷһĹϵһСմʱ򱻶⻰˼ǳˣҲȥֻǵҵ鷳
־ƿ˾ôһе˼أԺ˵һѽҲҪ̫⣬̫治˵˲ңҲˣұطˡ㿴ŰɣֻҪվסҲ˭ȥ˵ǰɣ
һϰĻΪȻص˵ͷֻһ϶Ļشϰ弴һˣƽ֮˺ܴĸı䣬һɱ֮УٳеǾƨɾԴ
Ҷ˵绰Ժһ˼һԽøղŵ뷨ȷģ֪ԺԼܲߵ߶ȣлĻôָȥǰһأǲϰֹϵأ¶ۡ
ɳϣһҵ˼붷һǾ̸꿴һ绰ô˵֮ǰѾӦ˼ˣʱѡӱܣɲԸ
绰ͨԺһֱӿżɽʶԷǲʱ䣬׼ԷϣԷ˵ûʱ䣬ĻͿԽˣ˵ʵ̸꿻һɱŮˣ˶ʱ
һɲ֮䷢ʲôһ棬˶ڵУ棬ȥĻ˫ãһ棬ƺƳ֮ƺеϵһԱ˴ЬûʲôȤȻҳɣעȻǺһҲʱһ̸ֱ꿲ĸԭԴϴκһҹԺֶŮˣΪֹʲôտƵĳ棬ǲȡԶ֮Ϊա
һԸûʵ̸֣ĻһҲûУֱʲôʱ䣬ʲôط
ǴԷܾģĶʲôʱ䡢ص㣬Ȼ⻰˵һŵ绰˵ҽû飬ʱ䡢ص㶨㰲ź˴绰ңҲ֪ҶӦ첻ǺϤ͵ͣҸ˰ɡˣͶԷ˸Ц
ⷬ˵ǣоݣ̸Ȼ΢΢һЦðɣҵʱֱӴ绰ɶǮǮ극ԺûǮˡ
ģһǮĻҾͰѺǣ뷹ϰһġһڿһЦ
̸һ㶣ͷһת漴ͨ죬ŵ绰˵ƾʲôѺǣʲôѽ
£һ󺹲ѣԷĻشǳ֮⣬룬Ҿһ˵ô⻰϶ܳڣĻпܵԷŵ绰˵̸㣬治Ҹղſ
̸ûһĻֻǿһЦ˵һ䣬ʱٴ绰㣬ȻֱӹҶˡ
һŶߴĵ绰æһ¶ԷԸղŵĻ׷ȥĻ治֪ˡ˵˻Ůǲ𣬾ζԻһǳˡ
ʱ̸꿷һŹ룬Ӧʶɽݣʶ
һ룬㶼˵ôˣҪڲʶĻǲ漴һţʶּһ䣬Ҫ
̸꿻عĶֻ֣á
һ֪ЩνĿʵרӪȵģһЩʲôģӦǶʮҵСŮϲȥô̸Ҳãǿһһ벻׵ǣϲȥȵԣΪʲôҪȥôƫĵطأĿȵɲǴӴӣ֮ǰѾ˵ɶԷʱȻٷڡ
̸֮Ҫȥɽԭ򣬵һǶԽΪƫƧˣڶǸûпֻа䡣˵ΪʲôҪһֻаĿݣ̸Լ벻ס
ǰȥһΣ뿪ʱһ˵治ҪǻʲôģǸڣʲôĻ֪ⲻ̫Ա࣬㲻Ļţźص㣬ڵ͵һ˿Ҳ͸֡
һȻ̸֪꿵£ǼȻ֪ȥˣҲ׼ǵüƿĺƣķΧƺȽʺϺ־ƣһҲԱԷĳġ뵽̸ϴκȾԺ״̬еԥˣһҪĻһеͷˣǾȥֻҪƵӦû¡
һӴóԺһǷͼԭװڵģѾǲôˣʱ鿴һ¼۸òһǧһƿҡ۸עģĵ̸꿺Ժ⣬һƿȥתһ룬ĻԷ᲻ΪСںǮ뵽ԺһûκԥˣֱƿƳš


İʮ Ůħ
ɽſڵʱһһʱһ̣Ӧðյû㲻ǰʮӵһʿӦеΪرԼĶһλŮʿʱͣóԺɨһ۶Ӧʣ뵽һĻǲɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
˿Ժ߷Աһ̸ĶλãԷһſڡһɨһΧ˰䲢ûпطеĿһ棬ҲûпڷʡĻСԱ˵Ϊһӣαأ
ԱƿԺһȻ̸Ѿˣú⣬ȷԱȥԺЦʵ̸㣬Ҽǵ˵ʱɣҼǴˣ
ûڼҲûʲô飬ǾһˣԼʱ仹ʮأûгٵ̸꿱˵վӹһеĺơǳģһҲǰģ˵ԷûƲ˼
ʱ̸е񲻶ĸоǰ˵ĺøѾ޷رˣԷ̬ȣе׼ԼԷܾԺΪԷǲΪƺƳ֮еʲôԲſȡر̬ܵȡϵ飬ʱȻ˽ͣǸ˵ǣԼе̫ˣһҪŵĻŹأ
˵ΪʲôΪһƺƳйϵǱˣҪΪãȻźͶԷҪķƱҲһӡ
ΪԭʱźܲӵԷĵ绰Ժ˷ܾͱˡʱڼôҲסˣǾʹϹˣʱ㻹ûءѾЩˣǰϴεǼɫĵˣֻһ滹һ£ʱԱߵ¼ء
쿴֮ǰһеĶǶģԷҲûǸ˼ֻԼԼˡԺ̸꿵ϲɵ÷Ρ
һԺ󣬾ͷ㣬룬Ů˽ôˣԼòʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûôˣĪúܡ
һṦ򣬷ԱͰţţһһЩСԡˮɳȫԺ󣬶̸˵ǵĿһϡ̸꿵˵ͷԱ˵һλԺ󣬾ʹųȥˡ
ʱһ˲䣬˶оһ˿Σһ״æ𱻷Ա𿪵ĺƿ̸꿺ıԵ֮һҡȻôϲȺƣ֪ͣģ֣רŸ
̸꿿һıԺ󣬿ļˣΪʡίУΣȻ֪ƿƵļֵǰԿĲѡôõľԼԷôܻӡԶ֮أ뵽Ժ̸΢΢һЦ˾Ʊ˵һллͣɱ
һҲƱӭ̸꿵ıһֻһ죬˶һЦȻԶƱһһƵģʱٱʱϸֻԧ첻ɵ˼
һʱﲢ濴ȥôɣǳìܣ̸޵κװΣҪ˵һ㲻ĵĻȫǳ˵Ůħ޷ܵģ⻰ûںҪеʲôĻǰŮǲܾˣģƺڴϢ
˶̸꿺ƺƳɵ޷ͻ⣬һԭһǶԷĿġȻԼеС˧Ҫ˵̸ŮͶͱĻԼе㲻šһֻǿѹסͷõκλ̣ԻΪ
Ժһȥ͸ͷ侲һ£ģֱĥǰƵĲأȣⲻջҡҡͷվ˵̸㣬ԣҳȥһ¡
̸һһ֮ʣʶɨһۣ⡣ֻĳ˵ĳЩλѾ˱仯վԺǶ˵һĿȻֻоһȣæͷɿĲѣԼǺɱģҪȻҲ
뵽Ժ̸꿶߽űһںƣͷţԷһǲǻʲôҪĻӦأ
֮ʣһҲо̸꿿ע⵽ĳı仯Խп಻룬ɲҵĴ˭㴩ֻҪǸˣзӦģ˵Ҳȷԭ򣬴ʱоһ򼱣æӿŲķȥ
첽ǰʱͻȻһ磬硭
һʶΪкˣǰ沢ûˣͣ½ŲתȥֻվԶĵطͣסŲˣæһ·С׷
ղŴӰʱֻǰӰһ̧һֺһǾͳкˣ벻ﲻеһɻһ˽ⲻˣ˵ܵЩطѽô£ʵҲϲĵطʵǲѶΪ֮˼һҸʲôڿءôأ
׵ģ׼ȷ˵ӦġĵʦһͰ׵Ͻڣ֪ʱ򣬾һǰʱ䣬ͺ£ˣۿƲȥˣǲŴӦһ棬׼Ӧһ£ҲϽиˣô˵ҲһƬġ
˭֪ԺŷϽڸܵľȻһһʲôһǱǿ׳ļƣ˵ĲˬӲǺ٩һһ͵ģ·Ӧ׸Ƶġ
һᣬʵ̲סˣŽĻᣬ˳˵ҲӦ׸ǵĻǺͱҲûаëǮĹϵʵ뷨


İʮ 겻
裬ô㣬ôɣһ˾Ȼ裬⣬к
ѽղſ㣬Ҷе㲻ϣ½дˣٺ٣
һ͵ҺһԷôģ
Ŷеģĸ䣬ҲȥԵġ迪ĵ˵
ʱֻһҪǰΣĶ˵ġҪʱĻһҪһ£ԷľԲүǣҸղһĻѾ˵Ǻһѣ֣Ļɹֱ׵ˣκ˿̸Ͼ˼Щ
⻰ԺһѣȻԸȥȻ̸֮ʲôҲûɣǿڱ˵ɾͲȥˡĹؼǣþܾҪ󣬱Ͼ֮ĹϵܺãȷʾӶˣҪԵģܲڳԾܾɡ
һԽתţҪӦ϶ǲܵģһ˵ȻᣬȥһǱߡ˵ָһϴּλá
ҲҪȥأٺ٣軵Цһһһǰȥ
һ˶Էһۣ룬㲻˰ɣı֮󣬴뷨ԷһҲȷҪ
˵ϴּſڣڷֿˣһʱæŷˮˣó̸ֻ꿷һţһѣһһء֮ҪŵΪģ̸Ǽ·ʵе̫¶ˣҺܲʺڣ˲һЩ룬Բѡ
̸꿴ʱͷ¹ײߺ죬͵ϵֻཱུһ벻˭ʱ򷢶Ÿæֻ
һԺһ˼æǼ´ϡװ·Ϊĳ˶ģɲñ˿ʶΪһνǸеġ
·Ժﰵô⻹ѣ֪ͲˣڰԷҲûʲôųģԸ
һԺſڴԼһӣҲˡһڵϴּſڣһڵԼˣ뵽Ժһ죬æͷִˮͷϴ
ϴԺ˲ǰȥղųǸſڣСһ˵һ£ҽȥкһͷһƿ˽ȥ
͸ŵţһ˵ڣһѣȥһ£һҾֱӻȥˡ
裬⡭⡭һߴһϵŮ˵һĵʦˡ
費˵ȥֱӿ˵ڣллˣˡ
ΣǸڵʦûпڣһʲô˼ѽҸΪģôû̸꣬Ҫѽһ΢ϳɵһ˵Сϣô˵أ˼ȻˣԺϵ˵԰ɣС㡣
ղŻŸԷӣղǸСкĻһֱӾܾǵԸϴ󣬲ʣҿԺûʲôϵıҪˡڣллˣҾȸˡ˵⻰ԺǱֱֵת׼š
ģʲôҸӣȻҪվסǸٴΪơ
һо˲Ծæţһɲǣ͵һ±ˣ׼ߣһλʮˣҪץһ״һ裬ǰһݣǰ
˭ѽȻҹҽϵ飬ǲǻ塭ϱ̧ͷվǰһʱһסˣôţȴһ
һʱſǰˣȻϴٽìܣǮһƿҺСӡϡ
һ۵˵Ӵԭǽӣ۲ʶ̩ɽѽ컹ȷʵǻˣôţ룿˵Ժͣ˻ͷݺݵ˶Էһۣ֮ɫ
һĻ󣬰˶һȻ˵ˣ벻һȻʶһ֣ô˵ģæſ
һʱſˣ滹ˣһ۾ͷ׵̫һʮ긾ˣһʮߡӡ곤һĵʦǸȻ׵Ķˣ˵ǸŮˣһ򿴲͸
磬ôѽ˼˼ںλ㿪Цأ벻ѣˣк
ôҲ벻ȻطһҪ֪ĻһǮϴβȥ飬һһȵ˰ƣаҲһû˷ѣӲǵϡ·ϡԺǺúðһ󣬲ʱ䣬еԾˣ벻Ȼ˶ԷϾе겻ĸо
һıԺ¶һ˿Ц룬СʶȤҪȻĻߣߣͳղǾ仰һͲúõʰһ١źת§ļǰȥȻ˵ûµĻڼ治̫ƽÿγԺ󣬶ܺȵƣǮͽġ
⻰Ժˢһ£һƬҰףæͷ˵֪֪лѣллˣ⶯һ׼·һҲ۾ܿһ㡣
ܣôˡԳӣŻعµͬʱ׼׷ȥæһץס˵磬磬Ȼ׷˵һ£ȻȷҪҪȥ


İʮ Ů˶
ǽϵı磬Ҳģеʵںͽһ棬绰˵һŮǸоһ˾񣬻ѱܽϸһ˹
ϰٽ˵Ժ󣬹ɵˣҲ̫ţˣѹⲻһıܣèһ㡣ۿѼӾôˣе㲻ģŮѧߣ˳ҲƯĸû˵ôˣ
һȥʱ̸ǡվ׼ȥһôʱ䶼ûлĻ᲻ʲô£ȥ벻ȻһŮˣ̸һǡ
Ҳû뵽һղ˵ĺڳԷȻһŮģһƯŮˡҪǶԷԴһ⣬Լûʲôġܲؿһһۣɻ
һ˵ıֶƲѣ룬ʲôأҺʲôҲûС֣˴˿̰Ůˡ˵һ䣬°ɣȻֱΪ˽ܡ
̸꿺һĽԺ󣬻ص˵ͷﶼΪȻ̸룬ôأڵʱҲˣûĸ쵼Ůģһǻ֡ͬҲǳʣڵУѧϰҪʦԷҲ˵ùȥôһγԷòƸͲͨѽ
ĻʵŮһȻûʲôͬ⣬һм䣬Ҳձ˴ԼʮԺ˾վ뿪ˡ
̸꿱ˣϾƺƳɵĹѾͨˣԱʲôģڻ£ĳԺһȥˡܱԼԷҪȻĻҪСѾͷЦŮ˳ԷȻŮ򵥣ⲻǵ͵ĵ
һϳԺһһ⣬˭ؼҡѧʡίУһϣһڶͬ·һʱǾλŮʿ˵Ů˵СѾ֮е㲻̫Ծɲٶ¶ˡ
ʻԺ̸룬ȲڣǸСѾͷô˵ҿҵʲôһȥ̸꿾òܴ˵ǺںһϵԶ˵ȻӦȥ
豾̸˵ڼԷһ̨ļƣ룬㣬ˣڶʲô˻أٺ٣Ǿ͹ֲˡ΢΢һЦ˵磬̸λȥɣҷһ˲˵һе˵ء
һ̸꿲ûпڷԣɵһæ˵һã漴˳ӣĳķʻȥ
̸ʱŻعԼôҪȻȥأ˶೤ʱˣһһٷѵڴֻΪһٷǸŮˡ뵽ʱ̸꿺޲øԼһ⣬˵ȥĻóȥˮʱջѾˡ
̸꿵ļԺһɲͣ˳ӣƿţ׼³֮ʣ͵ʲôƵģЦ˵һıеˣҹȥֵ࣬˳ְϴһ¡
һ룬㣬ѽǱӸմȥ£˯ʱ򣬻ûôùôأȻ룬̸꿼Ȼ˵ˣȻֻܷЦ˵Ǿлл̸ˡ
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һǰŮ˶һ취ҲûУ̸꿱Ͼһ㣬ûм˵ȥһһЦ³ȥˡ
״ˣһ˵磬㿪ҶӶˡ
⻰Ժһֻεس̸꿻˻֣Ȼһ򣬳˳ԭ·ء̸꿿ϵЦݽסˣ룬СѾͷһòҲûУ´ټʱһҪúһ
ĴԺ˵磬㿪ôˣҪ͵شڳһǿɾ鷳ˡ
һţЦ˵㲻ҶӶѰ˼ſ㿪ţˣȥĶԵʲôղţšʲôģҲûôԵñǺǡ
ȥѧУҹŵɣǶ⴮ɺóˣ֤ϲƼ
ãģȥǳԣЩ治ҵĿζ
ȻϲȥأǸŮ˵ʲôѽҿͲԣǲеϲѽѾ˵߰ͷǰȥҪһϵı飬Դ˻һЩõϢ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵˵ʲôأǵУʦѧҪ˵ϵĻҲѹϵɣ
⻰Ժһʯͷ˵أﰵҾ;ӦòܣŮʲôѽúһ㣬Ҳزβ㣬ʮ˰ɡ˵Ů˵뷨ױ䣬Ҳ߯һ˰ɣղŻΪԷǸŮأɶˡ
̸Ҫ֪뷨Ҫñȥ治֪ʲô񣬾ȻʮͷŮˣֱӹ鵽ʮȥˣǱģٶδҲ̫һɡ
·ʻ˴Լʮӣ͵˵Ǹҹŵʱ˵ŸոϿ͡˴ӳԺһһϤСŮȻʶ裬ԺЦӭ˵СһѽֲûŮ
⻰Ժߺ죬Ҫһ£е᲻ãһԥ䣬ŮѾҪʲôˡҲֵװ˺ͿһЩ⴮ʲôģʹŵȥˡ


İʮ Ůƽ
ղŵһ֮֮䶼еΣһͳһ֧Ʒζ򷭳ֻһ̰ߵϷ
ʮԺŮ˿õ⴮ŻָȻʼһԺ󣬾ζǲܾȱһʲôƵģ벻Ķԡ
迴һԺ󣬵ʵ磬ȥõơɣЩûкȵĻеûš
⻰ԺһȻΪûơƵԵʣ뵱ϴѧʱ򣬶ʮǮ⴮ܺܺȵơơ˵ڶ죬Ů֪ܵǺȾƵϢⲻһԹ
ʱӣһлĸоյĺɽѳΪ̣ʱգҲΪޣΪĸˣ
迴һ˫üһһ̾׳ʲô飬òƸղųҪҪơ⣬ʲôҲû˵ôأСĵ˶Էһѣʵ磬ôˣʲô𣿡
һʱŷеʧ̬ˣæ˵ûʲôֻ£Щп˵ơǰɣϰõ˵ͣ٣ֲˣƿͿˣһƿ֪ľģǿһãɲϣѶԷȶˣĻ׳¡
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˱߳Աߺȣʱû죬ûиоѾʮˡ
һóֻ˿ʱԺ󣬶˵裬ʱ䲻ˣҰͻȥɣ
Ŷ輫ԸС죬Ӧһ
һԺ˾ȥŮϰ״кСѽ˧Ժѽ
󣬲֪ǴӦãǲӦãΪ֮ʣһ˵ϰ⴮ζѹôѽ
ٺ٣С˵ѹƭôƯĹŮ˵
£һ񺹲ѣæһС֣ȥ治ٺ˵ʲôˣԸһỹ֪˵ʲôء
ȱһץţ߸ǰߣ̧ͷƳһĶѵˡʱҼˣֻһҸȻϮͷŵĸо
տԺһŷղ鼱֮£Ȼץס֣ôأо˲ףҪɿԷ֣ȴо˶Էƺнץסŵ˼оΪѣӲҪֵĻΡ뵽Ժһ;ôˣҹ˾ģҲ˿
о˸ղһĶʶץס˶Է֣Ҫȥʼе㵣ģ¶ԷӲֵĻĶأԷûжˣȻһЦҶϪ˵ûŮЩʱҲҪһ㣬ⶼʲôˣ׷ŮŮ׷Уһ£˵Ůƽٺ٣
ĵûг̫ãΪͣտſڣۿҪˣܲϳץ˼ҵְɣҲÿѽһĶһ˵磬ҸղųԵе㱥ȥǱһ߰ɣҿɲСӣʱ͸ûҪˡ
ʲôиûҪˣôƯ֪Ŷӵأ˭ôۣһ˵ͬʱղָķȥ
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£һָղһʱ𣬾Ȼ˵©ˣ벻СѾͷȻͷˣ⻰˵Ļмֵģںʱȷʵܾ衣ԭ򣬵Ǿܾȴʵʵڵġ⻰޷شֻװûӣǰȥ
˵⻰ԺҲо˺ڣѾղˣȻһװɵҲ͸ڳˡ
˶ĬĬǰȥԶһСӣӱһС··һƬС֣Ƕѧ·һȻ֪Ҳֻ˵侳ǵһΡ
С·Ժһܵ˷ΧԣĲ˵ǰһԶԵģе֮ĳ߶ȻȽϴһʲôڡѧҲƵ·ѧУСɽϣǶһƬС֣ǾͳѧǵľۼأٿûٹǶڣеǣôŵɢģǡ
뵽Ժһе㲻ˣֲö˵ʲôĻԿ
˾ǰȥһЩľïʢһĵطϤϤһ͵͵ڸЩʲôһ֪
ʱϻģֻ֪·벻Ȼֱô顣ʶɨһһۣ¶ԷΪطĻҪˡ
һоѾðˣ֪һѹûԲŻôķӦ
ǰһʯʣ˸ո߿Ȼһűֽǵ˵裬ǰĵطȥϢһ°ɣʱĶаص˵ͷ͸ںǸʯʵķȥ
ԺЩ֮Уץסһ֣˿ûзſ˼һоԺҲˡ
һԺһ˵裬ҲСˣҪʵģҲԿǿǣҲҪż˻ˣһӵܣ˵òһ㣬ֱİࡣ
ǿģԼǺܹĵģҪȻ˵Ļһ£˵磬Ѿˡ˵Ժͷһĸ첲


İٰʮ 磬ϲ
Ժһоһ˿Ϊ˰εľأæʵŶˣ˵ҰοοҿǹˣǺǡ˵⻰Ժ͵ʲôƵģˣ裬Ȼˣôȥ׵ģ
һ˵⻰Ժ󣬼ûж뵽Լ׵飬еղǻ˼ˡú˵ʵһֱӡͺܺãòģԸƷԣϲ֣꣬ҪΪպԵʣҲͺ䰵ȳ²ˡ
Ҫ˵ŮˣһҲĵĻǴǺ˵˵ԴӾŷٵԺһⷽҪϸ˺ܶ࣬軹һ˼ңҪһذĳŵǡǡܸġ
ĬĬţҪҳһ˵Ӧǰľ棬ȻԺҲǺͷ
һˣ֪һѾղŻе˼ܸܵԷĹǣеһġ⻰ôأһ֮ԥ˵˻ǶأΪǣҪǻһĴܲĻĶô࣬Ůǰȳ˵¡
뵽ԺﰵһЦȻ˵磬ܰļҿһеˡ
һ⻰ԺȻûоܾĵֱ̧ۣͶְ˽ȥͷһļ򴦣ı۾һ§ס㷢ỬоһֱϮ˵⣬ΧһƬʱڵĻʱһܸܵ
ʱǿĵģֹεĻ棬ڳ棬һֱôȥֱĵϡʵȴǲģСʱһ˵裬ǻȥɣˣˡ
ȻԸǶԷѾô˵ˣȻûȥˣ˻ŻվվԺ˵磬Һܱң
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İٰʮ 
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뵽ԺһҲ׼Ÿɩˣǰ绰̫æ˵˳
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İٰʮ ԻԴ
ԺϢ˺һᣬʼһɽϵıչһϸ˴֮ǰһЩ顣
֣һ£пһ˵һ̫ܲǡĻԴԸʵ̫ʺڻ죬ҵǾҪǸⲮĻܸǰ;
ⲮȻָ񻨵ĸס
һ̧ۿ˵Ǻǣ뵽һȥˣҲһֱûа˵ԭ򡣶ڴ磬ԽˤԽصĸоҲˣҪٲֵĻе˵ȥˡʱ˼һ£ĿǰӦûʲô⣬˵ԺܲߣͿԼŬˡ
⻰˼ѾȷˣһɣĻܼܲǨͿŬˡ
ĵĹٳһԽԽѣͬʱҲԽգλڵײĻˤҲȥԺ󣬿ɾΣˡû㹻ļԦӲǿ˰ȥҲҺ׳¡
ʱĻܲǨ飬ٹӡǺõģ֣֮ҲǸղһ˵ԽߣˤԽص˼
һҪӵ飬Ϳʼ׼顣Ϊ˱֤һĳ˱Ҫ̽ƣ涨ԺȻеСˣһͬˡô˵һΪ˺ӣΪ˺ӵһУԴ
ڶٽʱͻȻһİĺһֻϣһӦһصĹ̶绰룬˽绰ͨԺ󣬶ԷԳί֯ǿ˵س绰ˣһ̸һ̸顣
ԷȻǰæģһȻûоܾĵһڴӦǿ˵ϵʱ˾ӡһƳٵģ뻹ǴӦϾҲ˼ҵһ⡣
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ʱһɫɣͣҵſڣһһƾ֪ģ͸ĸӴкԺ˳״֣˵һȥ̸ɣҿôʹһ̣ܰأ
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ϳԺһ͸оܲ죬˾ƺ·Ϥˣ˵ղѾ߹һˣӣƺֻ߹һεӡɻ󣬵һûа⻰ʳڡ
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˰Ժһߡ˸ˣλȴšǿλãһȻϾǣ˺һᣬǿλϣһ
ǿĽԺһЩӦ̫İסһǿ̫İ˸˵Уس⣬ȫǵίӵˣίίҲȻ
һһе̫˲򵥣ΪʲôҪĵдԼأ
ϸһ룬һ͸̫˼ӦԭһȻһһĽύĳ⣻һҲչʾʵ˼˵سʱˣǺˣȻҲܰƽĹϵ
˶Է˼һǱ˺ǿԼǸһ⣬˾ƣֻ˼һ¡
˼ӣҲף˼ҵ˼˸Ͳ˺ǲˬҲʵ飬Ҳû˹ּƽϡ
Ժһ͸ˣǿûйϾ˫һϵģԸʶһ£ҲͲˡһ̧ϳ֮ʣǿ˵гֵģѾ׵ˡ԰ҡҧúء
һȻе˼Ц˵ҾʹҴл򲿳ˣԺõֵܵĵطֻһһΪ
һĻԺǿҲܿģ֮˻Ҫľ仰̫˵ǰе·ӣ׼ʲôʱҪæǰкպڹٳϻ죬ҪľǶԻԴֲ̣øʲô۵ĻһҪԡ
һڳϣǰ谵·ƣ˵ʵӦҹķǰһУе㲻ӦĹĳ޴ǲʵһڶܹ飬Ҫ϶µĹͬŬ뵽ԺһǺһЦе˼ˡ


İٰʮ ֪
Ժ֣ѾڴϿˣһͰϵ֣뷨һ࣬ͬʱϹ̫ǺеҰĵģһ롣
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һʾףأ˵һϲ£ֵܵĵȻõһʱͳף
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֪ô£ΪԷԸæˣ˵ʲôҲա
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һŵ绰˵磬ҲԼ˵һǴʲôˣֵŰ졣
һֵ֪ܸӣǶŵ绰һӦ
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źԺһһ绰磬һԸΪףص˵һ£ĸҲһϡ
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ȷԱþԺһһ¸ףкҿʼˡæƱ˵⣬Ⱦƣһɵ飬˲ٵģҲ˸Ľһһ˵꣬һơ


İٰʮ 
һһϲʱϰľ⣬ҲˣѾȫ֧̬ˣˣû뵽ԺҲĵغ
һһԷûʲôɹǵģҶſ˳ԺȣҲȵø⾡ˣĸ˾ƿȫɵˡȵ΢ٵ㣬ࡣ
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֣ɩˣæ˵һƾͱˣҶһˣˣҲʲôöȶӡ
ֵԵϱˣҲþˡһ÷Աϵʳѯһ´ҵ˵ݷǾȥ׼ˡ
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극Ժһȥ򵥣֣ŸĸϳһҲ˹˼ǽ򵥣ϾΪž۵һģ˵ֵܿǰһæĶ͵ĵڼʱ򣬷̶ˣʱҲѾŸĸͺ˳
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⻰Ժһֵ̧ͷֻһʮվ˸ǰָֻŵ˵ǼǳԶֵˣǻһ˿м΢Цһǩ
һһǰվŵԺĻ֮Уе㲻֪ôźõ˼
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ŪôԺһ룬ȻװƣҪģΪµһءԺһװƺȶӣ˭ѽȻҸ򵥣ҪǳԲĻͱۡ
⻰ǸסˣһҲһӡУԶܵľƺȥӦò˱֡æ˶һۣ֪Ӧԡ
һ־ֳԪŵСӣҲ֮ǰǸ˵¿ƸƳڶѡϢҲǿѨ磬ȻֵɵĻɫн߷ãǽԪžֳ׼εĻᣬΪ¿ƸƳ
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֣˵Ҳûʲôرģ̩иһ㳡ģܴרȥһЩĿک̵һġҲûʲô˵ģʱȥʱӦûǵðɣͻȻж񼱵òƵġɷûԺŮִǿĿۿҪˣȴóˣĪ


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˿Ѿŵˣæ𴲣һν֣УϱôţҲôɡʵ֪˯ʮһ㣬Ҳʲôġ
ʱһĵʱ򣬶е㲻̫ţԼҵĶСӾȻһŮϱ˯˶Цѹĺ£ĶƽС֣ͬ־ġ
СԺ󣬺æкϴͬʱ緹ֱӶ֣״æ˵裬ǰɣԼ
أ԰ɣЦ˵
֣ߺؿɷһֻۣԷʼ磬һµӡ
һĹȥۿԽԽˣֱ¶ʮĵŵҡ֣òڴȷʵǺлԣһġ
һضԷҪ¸һͰ衣ȻϴεԺоƺлԣ֮ǰôˣǱϾûɿڣһ˵
СѾͷʵҲԼĴ㣬ɩ֪²ܲ߶磬˵ǶġһĻͿͨ̽һ¼˵̬ȣûʲôӦĻӦð˾Ųʮܳˡ
ʱлԣһԽԼ˶Է֮ĹϵҲ׽˲٣һ߻ûͻơȻԷŴηסءһصŮڴѧⷿͬӵżʣ֮һֱûӦԷҪΪ˻ûɿڣҲãȻ֮ʶʱѾܳˣ˵Ĺϵദܶݣ˫İ黹дٿ顣
֣Ҫ֪ȻСӸˣһֱۣƺû֪Ŀܡ
үԺСصң֣Ͱø飬תɷ򡣾֣˵һҲô£ⲻŵĸѧᵽʱŷż٣ǲǳ
òû˵ƭˣһǺܸ˵ģ˵лԣ֮飬Ѿ⣬ȥӦͽôţҲǰ취˵Ҳĸԡ
ڽӽأһʼæµðݷõģ߶ģɶʱˣرЩ쵼浽ʱ򣬿ܾûʱˣʱǰжӦǲѡ
˵˰һһǵĿǰΪֹûڱףǱ״ϵĹһҲ٣Ժ󣬵һݷõľˡ
˼һԺҲǿģһ飬־ݣҲƲ˳һĻܴĸǶ˵ԷɰһСæ̬ȻǺ顣
˵İ칫ԺһҪڶҪݷõȻȥʡίУ֮ǰйһνӦ˵Ƿǳġ
һʱҲǿģ̸ֹ֮䣬һǸоһ˿ˬǺ챻㵹ˣгҲˣźȴҪǿĵĻǲŹء


İپʮ һ
Է鲻ѣһȻûоһлԺվ͸ˣȻҲûжʱбл͵˼ΪѾר˽ƺЧ
ίǰ칫ҵԺһúǲ⣬˵ӦôķӦѽܹóгĻ᲻󣬻˵ɴûС
һ£ʡﲻ֪ܲһֱΨհҪгĻпҪ˵ĶˣȻԸ⿴Ľгעκιϵġ
һķеһʵǾǱнġ͵سƲ˳УҲڶܺгλãôû뷨ء
⣬һǳǾ˳ͻȻʡȻҲκ׼һ£ӵطȶĴֳһǾ͵εġҲΪԼлһҪԭ
ķҲʱ򣬵յĽԺеǰδеʧ䣬ӦǾϻϣԽʧԽΪʵĿ꣬ӦһҲҵһΪ˵ϻ˼ҵݹԭǣΪίǣĹǸɵҲɫġ
仰ʱΪǱʵȻҪǿ϶Ļôûаٳ߸ͷһأ
ϣصԺϸĦ仰˼ƺеˡίǵҪЭίعһĻǾ仰˼Ͳˡ˼ҵ˼˵ڹûʲôֻ֪˵ģһĻȻܰεгλˡ
ίǺг˵ڵڵְϣίΪ󣬵гͬʱĵˣְһֻǣƵĹϵȻǣӦ⣬仰˵Ҳһ֣һõĻһеķչǼΪġ
뵽ԺȻԭûܵгֻΪƽʱߵ̫ˣߺ޲ѡ
ȻҲ֪пֻһڶѣҲǸ̨һˣ˭ƫƫ˼һĽأʱһץĸоʱȥȰǸģýȥŹء
ί߳Ժһȥȥݷ˼λг֮ǰԵҲԵ衣лԺһ͸ղ˺İ칫һɫһŷ⣬վ͸ˣֻŷȰˡ
һȻԹźггţʵѾλˡݹٳ˶֪ǲٻˣҪȻҲѾĻӲѵȥ
һĻİݷȫΪһ˽ΪŷﶫҲͲܶࡣ˵ˣҲָЩ쵼ܰŸˣҪǱһء緻˵쵼Ҳ֪˭ˣһ֪˭ûͣһɲԸǸ˵ǵˣĻҹ˯̤ʵ
ӳгܿİ칫ҳԺһеԥˣгǾҪҪȥݷһ£׼ȷ˵ֻǴгΪҪ˴ѡԺ󣬲ܳΪг
糿һӼʱ򣬾ûд⣬ڲȥȻ᲻һŷ⣬Ϊũҵεг֮ƽҲٻˣԻûʲôҪȥ
ȴеıˣô˵˼Ҳһ֮廹ؼеĳгҼгѾݷˡȥгĻպ󴫳ȥǿǵ͵Ĳ쵼ΪС£һߵֵ̫ˣ뵽Ժһ̧г칫ȥ
칫ſڵʱһһİ棬˵һ½г̹Ե顣һǰһһ֧̣Ȼһҽܣʲгûʱ䣬ݷһ¡
䲻ʶһǼԼ˾ȻǺеĳгҲҵ˵ȥʾһг˵Ժ󣬾վȥ
һӡǲģ˵쵼ĻгƺҲӦúˢӣͺ춷˺üԺˣȥѶԷ׶ˣ˭ָҿ϶ǳʤأ
һṦͳˡ΢΢ףһ˵ггȥ
һͷʾлȻֱӣȥ
г칫һ˴ԼʮӣеǣԷȻʶ̬Ȼ顣һһоԲһ򵥵Ľɫڳμ棬ֻǷ̸Ҫǲ̹ʣһڴ˵ҲڵУѧϰ顣
ߵʱһһǲ̹ȴûաЦŶһ˵һͬ־ѽںСϺҵҩƷ۸ιܳЧϧѽ˵ʱͣס˻ͷе˼˶ס
һҲûж˵ǫ䣬ˡ
ίĴԺһųˮ԰ʻȥ糿ʱ򣬾ͺͼܿϵˣԷʱӦڼء컹Ҫݷúνܣмίǣί̩ί֯αţһѾ֣˵ãͲȥˡ
Ҳͼܿ棬ѾкóʱûһˣϴμûܴкʱҿһأһɲԼ¡ҲŸԷ绰߷ϵһ£뻹Ƿˡ


İپʮһ ٻἾܿ
һ·ϣһ˼̹ˣҽȥݷһ¡ǾԲһƲ磬Ҫ˱˵ĻǲŽеùأֽһˣѾ뿪֮ûаëǮĹϵˡ뵽Ժһһ֮УҪȻ˺Ͳ̹֮䣬ӹҲùټϻһǾ͸ͷˡ
֮䣬һųѾ˱ˮ԰ʹѳһ¥¥ͣȳͣԺʶŷٵλûҪڼܿҲ֮УϾŷĵһŮˣڻ˶ӡ
һƿţֱ¥ݶȥϵ¥ԺҪȥţ뻹ǷˡŷѾȥ׹ĻҲỹסҪĻһԼϵġ
صϣһžһŻԺ󣬹ϵѳͷԺֱǰ¥ʻȥ
һͣ³Ժ󣬾̧ͷ¥ϿȥϤλõƻͨһȣϳԺæ¥ݿȥ֪¥һŮΪغ򣬶ܸŮ˵ʵ̫̫١ŷٺͼܿΣһѾԶ磬һܵκ˺һԷµԡ
ſڵʱûԿ׿ţ壬һṦжˣȴû̴򿪣Ƽܿͨž⿴أһ
ؿˣܿС˵ԿôԼţŻˣһ䱧ԹĻȴ֮⡣
һֻܿһɫĽëǵҵĳȹȥˡ޵һĻԺĳ˷ӦǰһӺ§ס˫Ҳ˳ɽ塣
ܿ˰ɵĶԺ󣬿ĲѣʱϵıȴΪΣΪˣֻŹڶе㲻֪Ķŵ˼ˡ
һʱϾ˼ܿĸܣ統Уû뵽Ӻ汧ŮˣȻȴǰֵĸоҪˬҪΪʱĻһŮ˱ȥȦȦһʱֻ½ˡ
ܿоҲе鶯֮ʱæ˵һȷſҹﻹŲأһˡ
һ⻰Ժɿ֣ǷβһѡܿӴһæҲǵ߿ˣѾĳ˴ʱǣԲҶͣ
˿ٵسԺ󣬾ȥңҪ˵ûϴˣһ˶ûüĳһشߴ٣˹ˣôĻҲԲꡣܿȻ˼ڳԷ֮ǰȥ˿յҪȻһĻܻ
˷Ժ˾Ѹٽս״̬ںóʱûһˣһȽϼʮӾˣǲˬϢһԺ󣬾ٴηע⵽˷ʽص׼ȻſʼжΣܿиܵ˳ֵĿУʱ򣬾ȻʹȥʵһҪֻŮֵⷽͺһ㣬һ״̬Ժ󣬾Ͳܲˡ
Ժ˻§˵лʱʱһ£һڣǶܿ͵һǰʱǲȥϣһ˵ѣ뻹ǵͷˡ
ܿıԺ󣬾֪ʱһ֣ڳϣ᲻кԣҲû̫⡣ӺһϵĶλͺ׼֮䲻ʲôģֻҪʱҸһѾ֪ˣ˵ʲôģûһڸķʲôģѾԤˣ˵ˡ
һһ뷨ܿԼŮˣʱȻܳкúƣкܶԲԷ֮СܿˣΪеˣ֮У§סĶߵ˵ܿԲľá
ܿʱŸоһĸоԣæת˵һʲôأôںЩأˣν˵ʱͣס˻ͷͷ˶Էһ¡
һʱܸӣܸоܿ˵ĲǼٻȴ֮顣ܾԼܿ˵ǲǾĿǰ˵Ҳûʲôõİ취ֻԷһֲˡһͷ˼ܿĺ촽˵࣬þҲûзֿ
ڶ죬һֱݷ˺νܡ̩αţ˶ڲͬʱ򣬺һйӣҲϤϸ˵һѾݵˣ£ǰݻᣬȻǸˡ
ʱһͻ׼˳ȥһ˺ģ뻹ǷˣȥĻǱȥˣǵȹһٹɡ
ȻںλѾȽϸˣ̫κǣҲǷҪȥݼɣǾŵ̬ȥһ¡̫հһæκǺ飬ټФƷɡײںФĹϵ˵ĳȻҲҪȥݻһ¡
ڼҴһ죬һ˺ôĵģϾѾСسû̫ϵˣαػҪٹءһϵ˾ФԷһ˵˹Ȼ󣬱һȥ˼ͬ־ļݷһ
һ֮Фһ𣬾֮ȥ߶һ£֪Ҳûʲô׵ġһ֮ҪôΪԺܶĻˣҲԵǵİʾһлɡ
ӲԺѽˣ˱ίĺ÷Ƽҡһ֮ѡԷһĿģ򺫶÷һŷٵоԷƺӦ֪һʲôڴ
÷һФ߽ˣһ㶣漴ǰк֪һȥʡίУѵˣ׼ϵһ£벻ȻˣõԺЦ˵гѧϰˣʱûǴӰѽ
ҪǾĻ¾͵ˣôõ⣬ϻеˣһЦ˵ͺ÷Ҳˣ˵ҲȽ⡣ղŽʱ򣬿ӻˣ˭֪Ȼû⣬ⲻ˺Ц
һĻ󣬺÷ȻһЦЦ˵ֵȣҳȥһ£˵꣬תͳ˰š


İپʮ ӵƬ
ФóʱûһһˣټҲûʲô飬׼úԷġ˭֪һȴ˵Ҫȥݷһ̫κͣһĻͲܾˡ
һһ£Ф˵Ǻúþһ£ȥ䣬ˣϵ
ФӦһ˾Ϳʼ绹飬ú÷ƿƾơԺФƣһѧϰˣôţûϢأ
Ժһûرӣ˵ڻûʲôϢҲûпȥȹʱӦþ֪ˣҲûʲôģ
Фһ˵Ȼ˵ĹϵԷԲ֪ġһԺʵӦĿԴ󣬻ǵĿԴ󣿡
ҿ˵׼ôĸԼż㼱ʲôƵģǻʵ۲̫༱һФһЦ
⻰ԺФæ˵˵ʲôҲ˵ҪˣôţйϵҲйϵȻҪඣ
Ф⻰һмָжѣʲôʱܻģҲرġ
˶Էһۣɫ˵֪ˣһʲôϢҵһͺϵղʵǸ⣬һӻ޷һ϶Ĵ𰸣ǾԼĸоӦûһʱ䣬ϾˣҪĻ̫ðš
Ф˵ҰֺҲôģʡʱĻߣȽϷѾԼҲöϵѽһɹؼأߺߣɲһǰѽ
һ󣬺Ǹжһ֧̹ȥȻ˵ǸлѣǺǣֵ֮䣬Ͳ˵ʲôˡ
˳극ԺФȥǩһȥ䡣Ժ󣬼÷ڰ̨棬һ׼ȥûŷٵϢ
˭֪ûſڣ÷˵гȻᣬе㶫Ҫ㡣˵⻰Ժ󣬲һͬ⣬תͽ䡣
һĻһ󼤶ͺ÷֮䲢ʲôӣԷ˵жȻŷתġ뵽ԺһֻͣʱôãжԷϢˣôܲء
Լң÷һŷ˹ŷݸһС˵ҽģͬʱҸ㣬ĸһƽ㲻ҪȺٴһ㣬ǿܾͻˡ
һ󣬵ͷԷʾ˸лȻǸŷҸ£ת뿪˺÷ƼҡԺһȰŷźãȻ˳ӡղѾФ˵ˣȥ䣬ҪǳԷɴֱסˡ
һʱФѾãԺֱӰѷ˹ͻؾȥˡһ֮öԷǲ¶棬⵽ʱΪʲô
뷿ԺæóǸŷ⣬һ£滹еȲزԤеһŷװһƬ
һȲһƬһСкÿһŶŲͬͣҲйͬ㣬Ц÷ǳãȥɰƬȻһгֹεǸƯŮˡƬеŷЦҲܿģϻŵɬ֮飬⿴ƬĻû˻µʵ䡣
һƬԺ󣬵һ֧̣˳˼ϴ֣˵Ҫӵʱ뵽ԶĶӣڵǰʱһֻ˵ĿɬѾˣ׵ģûһ棬뵽Ժͺ޲øԼһǶ⡣
ŷ֮ôȻΪáǴҵǼͥĽǶȳôȷģһĻһǷĸӿɾ̫ˣൽһҲ޷塣
һʱ䵽˼㣬ҪΪĸʲôʲôأú÷żĵǮȥҲʵõģ֪ŷٵԸǲԸ⿴ôģҲͷˡһʱȥݷһŷҲĿǰΨһġ
ԺһЩƬһһŵϸؿҪĸӵӣؿԺ棬Զ
ϣһǷǳæµģȥݷԶšκͺŷ绰ԼԶšѧµһԷ˽ӵһĵ绰ǿġ
ھһڣһǳ׷ſˣ˵߲ܣòʡճФ¡ѧһ𣬰͵˷
ڶһ磬һʱѹ˰˵㣬һ뿪˺Ժ󣬲ŸФһ绰ȥһ·Ф֪˼Ҳûж˵ʲôֻ֪ϢԺһҪϵһӦһ͹Ҷ˵绰ֱʻȥ


İپʮ ֮
صԺһûôٳţֻڴ߶߶֮ǰų㶨Ե飬ԴҶһĵܻӭеϱ˼е㲻Ӧ
ڼ˳ϦʹԺ³һ磬ͺ֣һȥ˷ʳǡ
صʳнٹ·̣޳Ƚ磬·ûʲôˣټϻſٶȵҲ
ʳеʱ緹ʱ䣬֣ͺ÷ŮŮˣȻǿģ׼һӺòдǡ
ڷʳͣ˰Ժ󣬵ڶһ磬һ˾ͳ˾÷ɻȥϺʡʡС⵹ְ֣ȨǰίҲûôȨǼܾ÷ɻȥϺʡִй˳ӹȥʱǿɾûôõˣֻԼǮƱˡ
ɻһСʱʮӵķԺ˳Ϻʡһû档
֣ǶǻعʡףϺʡȻҲһš֮ǰ֣һλȫǸΪߵİҲȽϵ͵üպ֣ϾǰʡίҪϺʡʲôĻߵ˶¿ɶ̫ýҲòء
֣ȻҲþܾóֻһ绰Էʾл֮ǰ÷ͶŮŮഩ·ϺʡɱȻʡҪࡣһ֣Ȼӣ³Ժ󣬻ֱ¡״æΪǴ˳š
ϳԺһƳһۣ˼ֻһͨްôһĸоҲûأԼһ޷ǾòС˿Ѿ֪ʣԲûдװǱ¡
֣绰ԺҲæ˳Ժ󣬶Լ˵ôɣٺ٣ǿҲûУҲˡ
÷ɷĻԹǶʲôʱϻó԰ʲôɣкԶ·Ҫأ
֣ӵĻҲˣղеһѾ˼ʻϣ˳ӣǰǰ棬ʻ˻ǰճģɾͬ顣Ϻʡ߿ǵûȫһ϶͸֣ˣһǸġ
ϳԺһ֪⵽ϼһٿСʱأ⻹Ϊݺɽ֮߸ٵԭҪǰĻû塢СʱǸ˵ġ
һ࣬ϼҿ湻ƫģҲһ˵˼ҵĲסһƫԶĵط߳ȥһ쵽λãʵ˾塣
ôʱ䣬治֪δ򷢣˯ǳ䣬Ȼůһ˯˵ģ˭Ҳұ֤᲻ʲôġֻ֮ú֣С˵ĸһߣֲܸһС֮
Ҫ¸ٵʱһһ㷹ˣϳ֮ǰһǸ˾ǲҪſһ£˭֪˼Ҿֱһڻؾˡ֮дһʣǾöԷú࣬⻹һԭ򣬾ʵеġϳԺһָղŵǸе࣬һ£˼ϺʡģһֱһģСʱĳôأ
ǰ濪һԺһָղ뷨Ҳȫԣԭһ¸Ժ󣬾ɽ·ȻǺܶǶڴû⿪˵ٻеѶȵġڲе㰵֮УҪǸղ˼øˣڹһձˡ
ò׵ɽԺһΪˣ˭֪֣˵нһСʱ·̣ϼɽءǰԴصίԺȫ˲ȫˡ
һ֪ȻһίǵˣӼȷʵڱȽţġ
֪ҪطˣһҲ˾Ҫ֣ϼҵһЩԼŮʣ֣Ҳûʲôģܵܣ֣ǰسǿһҷ֣꣬ණǸղ˵صίǡһһŮֻһŮڶϴѧжܵĶѾʵϰˣ궼ûл֣һĸ׽ڣڸһ
÷ɷĻԺ󣬽˵ȥʱ򣬾׼һŻˣ鵢ˣҲˣһţ˵Ҫɿˣ
һһֻۣԷҲؿأס˶Է֡
һ˵˵ЦЦʱõҲ죬ӵʱճһǰһʻسǡ
֣ǸʿٳǰĳΪʱֻʶ·֣ᳵ·ָ˾ʮԺһǰһͣһҵŶСԺԡ
һһſѾվˣУǸŹȵ̫̫Ȼ֣ˣ֣мƵŮһˣޣȻӵˡ
ͣȣһӾǰŴ˳ţȻк硢ɩôʱĳۻ˰ɣ
֣Ц˵ණҲ̫Сƴˣʲôʱôˣţôģ÷ҲЦ˵ۣۣһ֣ĺƺһ塣
֣ණЦ˵תۼ䣬Ѿˣϴκһʱ򣬺ѧǺǣ
֣żһ˳Ȼشк֣ߵĸǰ˵裬ô䣬ôˣǣ죬ȥ
̫̫ȴΪȻ˵ΪӭģŮŮģǺǣ̫̫Ӳʣ˵ܴ
һ֣æ첽ǰȥһһ̡
̫̫ϵЦݸӲˣ˵ԹԣȻһһȥ֣ͺ÷Ҳڶܺܵк£һ
һ˺ò׾һԶǳģܿͷֳȦӣĸ̫̫һ˵Цֵ֣˻иԵϱһ̸


İپʮ ֶƴ
ϳԷʱ򣬲ûڼȥһҽӳɽľƵ꣬һӵŷĸǽһǾסˡ
һһƵ꣬Ӧ˵ľȻһģǿǵ𣬹ѾõľƵˡ
ȫԺ󣬾Ϳˣ˺ܷʢһӣҷԱڲϵ϶ˣһ֣ôԵùߣͻʡĲȫַζһʱ޷Ӧ
һͨȾƾͿԿǰֵܣ࣬Ҷ˵ְҵƻΪģҪǰĻƸӲܺȡ
֪λ˵ľԺһͲ׼ˣ˭֪λ˼ȴԸŹһȾơȻһˣ˵һ˵š
֣һ߿ԺλܵͶȥͬһƳһˣô᲻֪˵ľأ֣ܼܵҲһĶ֡Ȼûʲô飬ֵ˱Ϲۡ
˭֪˿ȥˣ̫̫˵ԼȾԼȣһȣ˼Һˡ
һ⻰Ժ֮ʲôʱɺˣ֣⻰ԺһЦ
֣ණЦŶ̫̫˵裬֪ʲôѽ˼СڶǳгˣʲôӲӵġ
֣ණĻ˵Ժ̫̫֣öŵ۹һ˼ļٵġ֣״æΪɷΧؼУһ
̫̫⻰Ժ֪ղ˵ǻģæ˵Ҳˣôʱ򣬻ء
̫̫⻰һһ֣ණβѣΪڣͬʱһڡ
̫̫˽⵽Ժ󣬲ֹǺȾˣҲſˡһԺ֣ҲͲס˽¾͸ˣƱյСУһʱ䣬֡
ٷԺĽ֪һڿʼһԶһͨսֱͷؽᡣ
֣ڿʼԻһ࣬ٿֵܣȫޡŮĲϯ
صԺһһ̱ڴϣ˿붯Ҳ֪˶ã֣һϴţϴһ½˯
šޡһǺϾô죬ˮһ½˯Ƿǳģʵ㡣
֣ҡҡͷӣһȥЬ࣬ȻϸĵذϴѵüһȵּʡµĵزҲȷʵֲղſϰֺƺй֮޲
ڼͥԭ֣һֱ˺Ⱦƣʵ벻ʲôúȵġģһʹ״ҪǺȶ˵Ļһ󲡣ƫƫһ֮͡
Ǹ߹ٸףƽͷգҪһΧһĻƵĻܾȱһʲôҪ˵еҲǾƵƷƲһˡ
ɷ֣֮￪ĲѣǸղĸ԰˵Ŀ佱㡣СĸԺѾս׼ȥˣֵǺϲ£졣
ϴԺ֣ذһȥˣȻˣ֪أҪȻĻ֣޷Ը
ڶ糿ʱһͷۣ˵緹΢һˣ֣һֱٽ緹ʱ𴲡֣ǰ֣ණ͸緹ûкʹһֻһߺһϡࡣ
ӣڳԳԺȺжȹģΪ֣ϴټλ÷ǳȻξټһֻҪһϵĸȫˡ
̫̫󣬿Ĳѣÿ춼ЦǺǵģʱʱذһ֣йȥչʾһ·˳˾Ʒһ㡣
һ֣˵ǴҹһҲ֣ӳһֱϷϴѧҲǡķǷǳʢζʵʵֲˣʱⲻˣúõһֻôܹأ
̫̫ûмŮټһŮȻ˱ƵģÿԷʱ򣬶ߣһвˡ̫̫ȻģֳܱһƬ۰֮ġ
֣ʱʵڳԲȥͳ̫̫עʱ򣬰ӵĸ׺÷ȥһα̫̫ˣΪϱϲԣһ÷
÷ǿЦãֻӲͷƤйĲ˳ȥ˺ٰ֣ѲҪеʱ򣬺÷Ǽͬ⣬ٴ
磬һ֣˵ôǳȥ䣿컹ûôȥҪǿ̫࣬Ѳ֣ȥݷһսȥˣԼ徻
֣󣬿ļˣæ˵䲻νҵóȥҸϵ»ͱһ٣ȥĻһݳ͡
һһ˵ȷʵһ£Ҫȥҿɾܿˡ
֣һ㶣ʵȥʲôϵ
һùˣæ֣֣ȻָָĶ䣬˼֣ӣǺ棬˵ʲôǰѶ˹ȥ


İپʮ ʳ
һЦһ֣Ķߵ˵Ҫݳ͵ĻӰҵ
֣һ˵ɶͷԣɻɷһ״ҡҡͷȻѹ˵Ӳ˵ѽ
֣˵ͷ룬л˵˵ˣôĥߴһûꡣ
Ҫݳ͵Ļ˯ʱһˡһװǳ˵˵ԺѸһߡ
ȥĻ˯ʱˣ֣ͻȻͷһһ˼ˣǵͨ죬ŭĿԲźȵåǸå
㣬˵˭åأ֣úʵ֣Ҳں֣֣ǰĶŮ֣֣ණŮ£Сһ𳤴Թϵǳܡ
£һ֣û뵽СѾͷȻǷ˽һһ֣ķӦѸ٣˵ûʲôҺ˵ϿĵӾأ
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ǸǸٶˡ֣ں
֣ƺ֣⻰ԺΪǿǳ˶ƬǶߵصͷȥˡ֣ʱʶղŵǻ壬æȵСѾͷɱϹ룬˵ĵӾ硣
֣ƺ֣æ˵ͷȴΪȻ˶һۣ˵˵
֣ƺ֣ù֣һҪҪȥһµģҲǲıˡ
֣æλ̣Ŀϵ»ġ˵ʱǸʵеҲ̶ãҪǿţƿˮҪˡ
֣ҲǸ飬Ըղ֣ΪСѾͷǲһ£Ц˵ϵ»ҹվ͵ˣ˼ǲ㣡
Ϊʲô֣ĪãɻʵֲǮƾʲôңѲɻˣ
֣һЦ㣬СҺƣǼϵ»껹ûпأڲŸ׼װʲôġ
֣ʱ׹ԭ֣ѰˣŶԷݺݵ˵СѾͷȻ㿪ģʰǲˡ
֣Դǵ˵Ķпϵ»ҲǸΪ˼һûӪҵҲ˵㡣ĶдȻҪʰңһҰСٸһ磬Ҷͬ顣
㡭֣Ƶ˼㣬СѾͷȷʵ˵þһӻ治֪η
һͶȥͬһƳѾŴαСѾͷ۸ˣǰӡãԼӡ֣ơ
Ϊ˸ŽΧЦʵλӣϵ»ûпţǹҲǺû͵⣬ûôԵȥղŶеλСøָ̧֣·
СһĻЦúϲ£죬֣ÿ֣˵㣬ֻе¿ʿֻǲ֪ԲԣҪԿϵ»͵ĻȥɽУǶкüأҹģܴ󣬻Ҳ
֣״һͣƣæ˵ȥﻹ˰ɣ̫ԶˣΪԵϵ»ֵã͵¿ʿɣζҲࡣ
֣⻰ԺҡҡϵĳԿף˵߰ɣΪ׼ˣҵļ̫ãѩصģ˭
һֽӹԿ˵ɣF1ĺ󱸳֣·ʺ
֣Ϲ飬Сһ䣬ڲһˡ
˭֪⻰Ժ֣ȴ¶һĳ֮飬ȥʵ㣬ôĿѽ
֣󣬷־ȻһԼͬˣ֣ƽ֣Ȼ˲ǰȥһֻԼֻƬϴѧʱһΡһ˽ʮǿԷʱ򡭡һţವһӾͳ˹ȥ
һ󣬲ɵҡҡͷ⻹ǸղǸСŮ㲻֣˵˾ԣ⻰һҲû
ϳԺһ֣Ƶָ£Сؼʻ˳µĽݴﳵϳ֮ǰһ£Ⲣ֣ණһųĻҲԷſһ㣬ҪȻĻģʲôšֻҪ˵ĵطͻнȻҲ⡣
˵¿ʿԺ˴һ˷ǳ࣬˵ˮйͨҲΪǽŵʱǡһԺˣ׼뿪֣æ첽ǰǿռǶˡһҡҡͷֱȥŶӰԵȥˡ
˼ĺʲôģһˮֱȻôʳЩķҲȷʵǺȻҲܳԵȥ˵ʵʵΪѡһῴ۵Ͷúˣһʳ̫вˡ
λúܽţ֣䶼ȥ䣬ǾȥҪȻһٹʱλһᱻ˰ռġ֣֣ȥˣ֣һλСѾͷû£ǾóMP3Ķ棬⻹ǰģȽϸȤ
͵ĶܳͬŮҲΪ֣׸ˣҲеκһ˻ͷ뿴ǾʲôʱҲеﲻסˡ
ʱͻȻͻȻҲһŮ˹Ҳڣֵؾ׼֣ü״æ¶˵˼ˡ
кԼʮӣͷȾûƻƵģһͲʲôˡ֣õĻԺ󣬲м˵֪ˣûȥ㺰ʲôѽ
ԱС̫ôŮĻԺ󣬶Ц


İپʮ ·ɱҧ
֣֪Էղǻ˼֮ô˵ȻڹҲˣ˵ҵ˼˵ĸλ϶ˣ»һط
ӴС˼˵һҪӣǰɣкЦ˵ƨǲҲ̫һ㣿
֣벻ԷȻ˵ôĻϾֻһѧöҪˣһӲ֪ôźá
һʱѾ˳Եģղ֣Ĳȥ̧ͷһֻ֣⣬İŮվԡǼƣƺʲôִæ첽ǰȥ
ߵǰһӣĻСãƨɸһѣǲô˵֣꣬õǰһΣ˼Ǹ߶Է׼ˡ
һ״Ѳǰһţһȹֱ֭ӱǸëȥˡǰԺһҲڣֱӶͷ˹ȥ
ģ˭˭ӡϡëһֻβ⵽˹漴ֱǰȥžһһֱ࣬ſ˵ϡ
˴ܣΧ˶ΧŻëŮˣæǰѻëëվԺ󣬲ſղŹˣæ˭ѽΪʲôӣ
⻰˵꣬žһԱ࣬ǻһ˿Ѫһ֪Ը˲ܺǿҪֵĻֱӰòҿڡ˺һƣ˵ӣľ㣬ǵԺҷŸɾһ㣬򡭡
һĻδ䣬һСƽͷŻëʵëôˣ˭ģ
ëʱͬ·ĺҵ˰һ㣬࣬˵¸磬ˣǼһǼһҵġ˵ָһڻûô£ԷγֵҲûпԻмּɵ˵⻰ʱ򣬿
һһı֮ɫҪʲô¸Ĺëƨٷһˡ
ֵܣĶģΪʲôҵֵܣǽ¸һʵ˼Ȼʦ
һһۣԼһͷļһеͷۣһٰϡһſ£ɲһ׵飬ϾڶԷѾ˷͵ϮĻѾ̫ˡ
һʱľƣб˶Էһۣ˵һĶĺûаϵ˵ΪʲôɵƸղŶ˵ЩʲôЩʲô˵ͳһ֧ϡ
¸һһļƣеϸһģƺģ̿УӦòʲôƲ硣һۻëټԱһİŮʱô£һղ˵˻ЩʲôǵöԷֵġ
֪ëȴòסӣԷϾǸģҽսˮӣųͷһԭһ棬Ҳһˣô˵ǿѹͷءһĶֵϣ治˭ȥ
߽֮ʣ֣֣ƽˣһ߳ˣæ˹֣ü״æվߵߣѸղŷС˵һ顣֣ɫһ׼ǰȥתһ룬侲ߵһȥһ绰
¸ǰһ۵һ˵ҸҲڿһЦڳô㿴¸ô
һ⻰Ժ֪²ˣһǴҪͷˣ۾ұߵĲһ飬һƵĹ֭ƿѽŲ΢΢ƣԱڵһʱץסԷ
׼Ժһб˶Էһۣ˵˵˵¸ôһûʲô顣
¸һ˵ûʲô飬Ĳѣ룬һΪأԭǸղ¹Ҳ°ˡ
״ԺͬһԶԷĿ˵ҿɣǧǮҽҩѳٸֵܿĸͷǸ¾ˡ
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ȥߵŰݣٿڵĻŪ㡣һŭȵ
ëһĺϵղŵɵ˰벽һ¸ϲ˹΢Ц󶨣ջѾȳȥһĽš¸ڵϱΪЦ滢ƽʱһ࣬׼ֵʱȴ΢Цº˵¸һԺߵܴ򣬶Һ̨ǳӲʵ˭Ҫӡ
һ˵ʱעһֱ¸ϣΪǸëеԲǰǵģ¸һǸԱϼӷ
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һ׼ش˭֪Ǹ¸Ѿһвãһ̫ˣȻһֱϼӷ벻һȻδ䣬˾ˣҪԶˡ
һ֮ʱͻȻֻǰӰһ漴һֻ¸ԺסΡ
һվǰһµˣߺ֮ǰ£Ҳơ벻˾ȻôȭͷȭͷȻܰ˺ü
ʱ¸绹ҪԾǻëΪֻҪ¸֣Ǽһһˣ벻·ɱһҧ𣬲һ￴ȥ쳣һȭȻ¸˺üûëеԾѡ


İپʮ ̫
¸ȭͷڵϿǺеһ˺üģػҲԺ󣬻ëæóֻһųȥ
һʱѾ˸ղųˣʱǿǸ˾æڶԷļ£ʾл˭֪ȴعͷ˵һ䣬׳˼һˡ
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˻Ļ¸ɻؿһۣȻͻëһɫҪȷһ¸ղŵǻǲˣ׳
ë˼¸˵ͷȻǰһߵ˵ʮа˾װƣǼһô࣬ô׳
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ëҪľǶԷ仰ҪȻղǸſмٴʥּ֮ӣʱҲҸ¸Ѿˣװģͳֻ
ȻѾ϶Էװˣ¸ҲҪ̫Ĺ˼ˣǰһ˵ֲţԭһôİ֣ôмȫгҵֵһ͵
⻰զһſ֮ʵҲ̽Է˼ֵļһһǺˣҪǻмĻҲˣΪС£õ˹Ҳʵġ
һڣ˵ԸǣҪٽˣ̫ˡ
⻰Ժһ̿סЦˣôǵһ˵ôЦĻƽʱ˵ʱһ㶼֮һǣãС
ղſֵ˵һὫдģеټѾϳǸƽͷһԡ¸磬ʱҶ׷ȥ
ϰ״ɥҪк¸ûҹһߵķԱ󣬵ʵϰ壬ҪҪ
ϰæ˵ãҲûãϣǲҪźá
ҲûãԱɻؿϰһۣһĵģҲûٶ˵ʲôȻ˵ǾͲֻһ򹤵ġ
ϰͷԱԻ֮ʣ͵һӿʮʮˣĸϻֹ֮ġ
ô˽һҲûˣȻ֪˫ȭϾ֣οڸֵ顣֣ʹһɫ˼ߡ
֣Ȼ֪ʱɷ򵥶ǷǳΣյģǴʱĻ޲ɢעοñãԱ׼ȳˡ˭֪뵽ģҲ뵽ˣʱſѾվͷļһȥĻѾǲˡ
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ղź÷һ绰Ժ¿ʿ˵Ǳ߿鷳ˡſڵʱ򣬾ͷԣǱ˴£ͻȡϵ
һƣһ֣֮ǰĲûһȷʵֱ֮ģΪõڵ澭ЩսԱǶôõġ
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һƶԼսʱ߷ɺͻѾ˽߷èſǱȥعͷһȻʳָһǸСӣһơһһԷȻҲƽҺ֮ǰȫһ£һ⣬æͷӦź֪סƸôش
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ڰԵأ͵һ⻰Ժɫʱŭ˵Сӣѽɾ͹ֲˣǸҡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬׼֮ʣһӣӥһ˳ȥͬʱſҲȭͷӴ죬˵߷ҲûšһʱѾ˲ϱˣһ粽ץĲƿֱǰСӶȥ
ֻ۵һ죬ƿʵʵСӵͷϡֻһСͷȥ벻һ˵ʹ򣬲ֱӾƿкԴҪݱâסţͼ
һĶĻᣬ棬׼С̧ţֱ˹ȥȫЧԣСֱֱߵǽǴֻкߺߵķˡ


İپʮ һߵĽ
ЧԺһҲ̰æӴ£¶ԷǽŮ֡ĻǿɾͱˣڵҪǱǵİȫ˵ͽ߷ɺͻˣ˭˼רҵأæҵĶ㲻ϡ
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ǿ֧Уһؽڴæסֱۣʹ״һţֱӰɵڵء
ʱ߷ҲŸֹܵļһ㶨ˣõСһһŸ첲һȣš
ԸмһһһбеУ⵽ԸķˣԼ뱻Ϊ⵶ŵų߷֪Ժ󣬾ûٸԷᡣ
ڳе˶ɵˣڵ¿ʿϰͷԱʶΪ⼸λһᱻ߻صġ¸ڳȻ֪ġ벻ʮˣգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱ˼˷ŵˣʮˣֱ绢Ⱥһ㡣ϰͷԱ󣬶д۾֮С
ʱҲɵˣΪһߵĽھȻ޷ĽҲһߵߵˡ
뵽Ժ󣬺ֻһɺϮͷ˲ְҵɱְɣǳֵĶֱ˾÷˼
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ڵĵĲֱۣǶԷоĻģҪڼҴ򶷵ʱ򣬻׼ȷؿסֻѾʣǹֲ̫ۡˣְҵɱһʡ
ԽԽú£´µ
ĻԺ󣬵¿ʿϰˣǲñ˱벻ȻҲҪˡЩһҲûƽʱȥôǿ󣬲ҲСӵֲУȥǵĻǾˡ
ϰȻĻȴԲġ¸ģڰ׵ҲܳԵÿڼڵĲУ׼˼ҷˡҪһˣ¸˿ɶšأҲ׳ֻһʹɫ
һ˵עʱ¸һϣȻע⵽ϰɫϹӵơ׷ˡ
¸ñԺЩСǶסˣڵϻģɻľǽоƽˣܺʹñڰôüȥҲõ׻˵úãͬΪıȻǶ֪ϴıֱĺԷ֮ǰûй
ǲ֪µĺ«ʲôҩǲִǺüͬʱͳֻ׼ţѾ˻ߵĺ
壬ѽˡ
ʲô㲻壬ŶҴˣ찢̡
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ҵĿˢһ£ȫе˵ϡһһȻǸղűɷСӡһʺãָÿ죬ʱѾվˡ
СָղŴ绰ʱȽϼѾֹסѪ˿ڣѿˣѪءæȥ棬һͿһĨ֮䣬϶ȫѪȥеˡ
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һõĻԺһ㶣벻ǻȻôǿӲıѹһΪµһļơǸ忴ҲʲôöֶϹ죬һɣίǶһǲǿ³˵ܰ⹫ֳ㶨
Ϊڵˣһǳһ湫ֳķΪһ֣Ʋλãе֪֮
뵽ԺһѾ⣬ô˵Ҫһ㣬㲻ɹĻҲʲôӰ죬һ׬
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һıƪ֮ʱ˾Զڴͣסˣ漴سŵ
֮ʣ塢˽һһͷľΣȻǸһ֣һĻ͸øˡ
һͷľֿ˻ΰӵĴӳ£ӹĻǶԷ⼸һһˡ
ΪӳôԴ˹أⶼΪղСǸ绰ãһڵ绰дˣɱˡ110ûˣֱӰ»㱨ȥǡֵ࣬ҲҴ⣬ҪڴڼµĻҲýǾԴ˹ˡ
ֳԺ֪һǵĻΪƨѾһΡˡȻǲˬҲö˵ʲô˭˼ҵǾֳأ
¸׼кæʹһɫ⣬ǶԷҪأæ졣
˾ֱһ˵ڵĵطȥҪǣԷΣĹؼֻҪһĶֵϣȫԱû£˵ʵڲеĻǻоֳֶǱýǺҵΨһжԺڽӴָأҲǺ±ɽӵģһҪԭ
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һȣȻһ˵˭İһģղô˵ˣٰҪеεġΰӳ۾Ͷһ۾Ϳһͷֱӳʡ
һһ֪һ⣬ҪȻһ˵ǵģ˼ͲǳƵġ΢΢һЦͬ־ǲӦȰѶˣȻ˵ǻƺҲ١
һĻ䣬վڳǸഺྯ죬ſģǸʲôʲôʱֵǶӳǰָֻŵģ
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ٶһԡഺɪ֮ʱ͵һȣ漴ֻһڶǹڣ׼šʱе˴δй־Уȫмַ֮⡣
ഺմӾУҵıûУƨһʱΰӳΡ쵼һͱ㾢ҪһԸղһһ֮Զӳ˳
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ղѾע⵽ˣߵȻ𣬵Ǻµȴʧأ塢ֱۻ߼վһߣ߸ֱ˵ϣֱȣʹ״ʱŪղŶԷǻ˼Ǳ绰ǴģǺߵˡ
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ģҿԸε˵ʧġһҲ΢Ц˵Է˼֪Ȼóѵġ


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ﰵֻܵɪһᵽ˾ɾɲˡǹԺ󣬻˵㣬ǰӣһҪǲúʰһǣҲԲ
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ȥȥҲһ˵ģҵúҵһ¡һ˵⻰Ժ󣬳߷ɺͻʹһɫ˵һ߼װȥȥˡ
⻰ԺƲѣĶǴǻᾯֱ֣ǳԷһȥȥҪһȻǲˬǱȴһҲû¶װûԹԵóһ֧һߵഺ״æЦΪϻ
һļƻһ߷ɺͻһۣ˵϶¶ΪѵɫһļƻȻǽӵϼ֮ֲܾԾͽסˡ
˵ıԺһЦ˵û£ʲô飬ҵţоϻ⣬ܣ˵ҲϹ֣ڰæ
һһԺϵɫŻһԺ󣬻˵ͷǵıԺһŷЩʱ۵úܣһ£治˵ǣƺ㲻ûйִ
ˣͷ˵˰ɣǲǿˣ
ǺȥֻΪֵǹ飬ɺûκιϵøˡһһǿ˵
УСӦղžʹ⣬ڲܶԷ˵ʲôӦģȵ˾˵
һĻشԺ˵ЩղϮǵļһô˵Ǹղſ㲻ֱӷ˰ɣΰӳţˡ
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꾯˶ӳ˼ôɲǵһˣҲϬһͨӳ˼ѺǱߵ˶ˣµʵǣǱߵʮ˻ûû˵ġװģ߹ȥҡҡͷǸҡҡͷ˼ȫˡ
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˻ߵĺ֮ʱ߷ѾץסֱۣһŤֻžһѾʵؽڣָԭ
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⻰Ժ󣬵¿ʿϰǰһ˵ܶӣûʲô飬ʲôҲûпҲû
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һϳ֮ǰóֻ༭һţ˷˹ȥģǺ͹ֳֶӷһͻڱȥˡԺһͼġ
ŵģǲԸȥ֣һĶֵϣû˭ܴǡֳܹسˣҲԲĿŵذίǵŮߣοһĸɲԼˡĻֳˡ
ֻҪ㣬֣Ȼ֪ôˣ᲻֪ԼֵܺǸسԸֳسˡ㲻Ļ֣ණߣһġ
һϳĶžͻ˹֪ˣֻܹȥ죬һҪõİȫһѸдһ֣Ȼ˷ͼ


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ְǸഺйطԸ䣬ȥһºµˣһٹȥ
ҪľǼţļһúһ£ҪȻԷɰءΪȷһʧֵµ˽йطԸһ¡ԷǹΪ˼ɵģһҪ취ѶԷϵǹ
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ҶһԣһŮѹסഺĺұ֤°뱲Ӷȹ


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⻰֣֮ڣղһ߷ɺͻʱ׼ˣ뵽һ龰֪ɷôһĿģԾӲסˡڼഺļһȻ붯һˣȻˣԾԷ
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֤ȥԺ󣬲Ϊ֤ʱȥѾˣɵҲ׶ԷһġҪľǾ;ֳȡϵߵ㱨ҪƽĻֻ˼ҳˡ˵ҲΪֶ£ҪȻĻҲ̶ˮ
绰ͨԺһģ浣ľֳ˵ֻûпĻ治֪Ǻˡ
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һƣһоһǳǼģ뵽⣬¥Ķˡ
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ֻýһûŵõڵأһԺӲǿ񣬴ǰӭȥ
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绰ͨԺǾĪ֣ණȻڵ绰˵ŮͻʡίŮŮԼʡսʿȫץȥˣǲ֪顣
Ȼ֪Էĺ«澿ʲôҩæ˵֣ǣã֣ʱ飬һ̸ϵ֤һ֮ڣһ
ҲҪҽʲôˣҺѾǹָˣԺſͷ˵⻰Ժ֣ණֱ˵绰
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յſڣ֣ණĳӾѾͣӳˣ֣ණ͵ίǼίƽ⣬һòȥ֣ණмʶˣҪԴһ㡣ƽ򵥵ƽһ䣬λǻʡί֣ٽ
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Ļ֣ණ֪һǲûʲô࣬ҲͷˣĵȻ˵ȿӵҪʲôĻ֣ණеԴ硢ɩ
ǼĶأǹȥ֣ණȵ
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ѶԺ֣֣ණһ˺ŷæ첽ǰȥ꺮ůǻ֮ĳƺʱɵˣЩ˾֣ǵݣǸСȻŮ
뵽ǵ͵İԻѽ䳰ȷǹʾҪ˵ίǵݣҳԱ˳ҲǴѽʱЩ˵Ϊʱֻнץסݣпӹһ٣ǳעԷһһ
ҹһȱ500ֲϣ


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ʱһ˱нţǾϳഺСͬ־ղŻһ˿룬Ѿ׾ˡ֪ʱָ˭סˣֻ֮󼪣Էֲ֪棬˵ܻȥԺ׼жſȥ
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˼󣬶ɻؿ߷ɣ֪ʲôˡһ״æڳź˵λǾֳ˰ɣʽ֪ͨ㣬ǾλԱ޹Ź۾ˣ˶֤λܶӳ۾ûʲôĻӦҲˡ
һ֮Ҫ˵Ҳ̽һ̬ȣϾΰӳ˵ķȻЩͨСԱģȻһΪҪԭǾǸǵܴӳһӡ
⻰Ժæ˵ǵģǵģλǡֳҸղȷʵСŹλͬ־ұֹģ̫죬ûܳɹ뼸λ쵼
ʱòվָഺΪڵĻǶԷȫһҧָʹģĻɾԲ˶ˣ˵ҲǶ䱣
ഺʱʶٵжôأŸղŮ˵һ˵Ļһ϶ɹĻˣҲΨһֵ֮ң˵֣ңʱܶ˰סΪ롭
Сں˵ʲôأֻ۾סģȵ˵꣬ݺݵصһۣ˼ǾǲҪΰ滹еŵģԲ˻
һ󣬰ԿĲѣղڵĿӴʱˣɫһ䣬˵ֳҲҪ㱨ĵڶ⣬ղµλܴӳȷʵǿסǣǵСղѾ˵úˣһҲǵã˵ĳǹ֤ҵĹ֤֤˵ָָ߷ɺͻˡ
һĻ󣬺ҲʧȥȥȤˣֱӶվһߵľ˵Ȱ˴ȥһȴ׳䡣
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ȻĿǰսķᣬһ㣬ûóأȻʹձǳЩƻľ˵ǵȻᣬһл˵
ЩСĻ󣬲֪ǺãԷǿֳĻҲܲѽһ˵
Ƽ龰Ͳˣ룬һƽʱͦôȫԻҩƵģ״Ȼ˼˵ʲôʲôˡ˵гĻûȰɿ
ߡ˸ʱһഺ۾Ȼסǣ·ʮﷸһ㡣
ֵ֣ʱҲκ֮ǰ뵽СһǽⷢӣʲôóԴʱһˡ
һһڽ˵ܶӳһ飬ղ˴ЩһĶأ
ѾۣϧӺգȻΪ˸㶨СɫĿǹֳƣҪ㵽ֶ³Ϲϵ˳¡
ʱĻ䣬϶Ӵ˽٣ԽܵǺƵ̬ȣҶΪֶųֵģͷһ³Թ֮ʣ͵һʻһ㶣漴ʶԼĻˣһɾͱʮˡ
Ժæ˵гλ쵼ҽȷʵˣҲ³ҪΪղźǷìܵǺֳֶҲȥ㣬ϣٸһλᡣ
⻰ȫǳһȥ˵ģڵѾˣȻʡίίǣȴλгȻҪĴˡ
ٳЩûõģȥҺһԸеΣȥеģģûӲӵͷϡһĶأǹȥһ˵
⻰ȥھʵȻڸߺƣ䱣飬вͨһһ룬飬ȥеֳͬ˵ΣҲҪ㡣
ãã仰ҿɾͷˡЦ˵µ˰Ϣأʹǹȥ
ƴʱ׹ԭԼֶȻʼٸߣֲһƣԭһ档֪Щ˵ѾˣѾ̧ϢˣʲôֽŵĻǲˣֻӲͷƤȥﰵ˳һ٣һǰֶúʰһ٣Ȼһλʵعȥϰ࣬Ϲˡ
´ʱһϢȲ衢̣ҲڴһţüְýζëС˵Ż
ë˺һۣ˵¸磬һܸܲܺ˵һ˵ֵҲȥ£ղź͸һڲˣʱôҲôҳ
ĻԺСҲидæ˵ѽ¸磬㿴ͷ϶ҲˣҪǲʰһ٣ʵƽ


 ʱܶ
ȻҲǳģǱϾҲǳڹٻ֮ң֪Բô򵥣ǷŽȥѶԷһ٣ǲǳʱֵȺ鼤˵ղҲȷʵ˿Ҳôҵˮֻõ˵һ䣬˵
ϴ˵Ҳ֪ûʲôϷˣȴ˿ı¶һæĺµƨ˵ʲôϴڰͨԣǼһﻹƵġ
ëһԱߵС̫˵С÷С٣һȥԺ󣬺ú÷һϴҪ⵵£ˬˣϴǰɣٺ٣
ôһ˵µעеС̫õϣСѾͷǸͶģ˵߶һңҪأҪΣžĶ
뵽ʱŻë˵ȥһܸĶأҵһ£ֵʲôʱߣģеﲻסˣٺ٣漴һĴЦ
С̫˷ܵӭһߵӣ˵¸磬㻵ˣһҪϧǣ˼ҿɻǡ˵Ժͣסˣ֪ô˵ˣܲ˵ǴŮɣҲ̫һ㣬Լ˼˵ˡ
´ʱĶ˵ô࣬ЦضС̫ÿĿȫǵǰ֮䡣С̫ߣһذϿ
С֪ʱǲٴˣ˵¸磬ЪţҺͻëһȥһܸ硣˵⻰Ժ󣬳Żëʹһɫæȥ
ߵſڣ˾Ϳһ߹ˣæкܸ磬ã¸һ£ʲôʱǻȥֵⶼ˺óʱˣʵеġ
⻰Ժβѣֲö˵ʲô˻˻֣ȵن£·
ëСҲԣղźԵǼҡڵظں棬⻹¸ҲڣѽǸίһ׹¸ˣҪȻĻôһӳôҲκζǹԹǰ·ˡ
ŴԺ󣬺´ʵôܸô˵ǲǿˣ
ëСֳ¸ʹɫκע˿ȫС̫õϣϾ˼ҪڹĻҲͿʼˣҲûţͣ
֣æóţɲϣЩٶ˵ĶǲʲôõӰ졣
¼ëСûлػ۾ɨĺֹˣ̧ͷһۡһûڳŭĿԲ˵ί֣ණȻҲվǰ
£æС̫֣˵壬ҡ⡭ǡѾ֪˵ˡ
֣ණһĻԺ˪˺һԺ˵ƽͬ־ȫȨ糿ѽҵİ칫ҡ˵ԺֱŤͷߣҲߺĺơ֣ȻҲں˳ȥ֣Ѵȥ˳
֣ǣҼ֣ҡƴʱʲôƵģ׷ȥ˻ߵغ
ƽüͷһ壬ﰵⶼʲôʱˣ㻹֡ϴе̫Žץſĺ˵ֳ㿴ǲоһ¾֣ǿɵ㱨ء

ϳԺ֣ණָԭΪĵǼӵѯһԺ˵⣬˶ȻŷЦŶһ˵һѽҪúллˣǺǺǺǣ
壬˵ʲôһ˲˵һһ˵
磬Ҹô죿֣ණ֣ʵ
֣һһۣЦ˵һ˵˵Ҫλã׼ô
һ⻰Ժ֪ڿԼأҲƳ٣ֱӿ˵֣壬ҾȻȫ԰պĸ£ǲΪ
Ϊʲôѽ֣һɻʵҿϰľϳôڷˣ
֣ʼϹĶϵ֮ǰ˵ֳ岻ԸеˡڵѾڶԷĲˣһȴ˵ʱе벻ˡ
һӺǺһЦ˵ԺأٻһֳȥָһɣǱߵˣڱˣܴķǱһƴһⲻϵ⣬ڹϵ⣬ҪֳλãҲô׾ٵ顣
֣ණһķԺ󣬰˵ͷֶŮ⻰˵ȷʵǸسǴģﲢ·硣ֳӲĻӦҲܳɹǸ㲻õĻ˫пܾʹ˺Ƥһ£ǸءУ򲻵ѵʱĸһԸ˺Ļ˫Σϼ쵼ҲӲܵġ
һ֮˵ƶϣΪΪһֳ֣Ʋˣɴ˿ɼسһͷһĻѺ£֮٣пٸһơƳ廹ǴﲻסλõĿġ
֣ϹķԺеĵˣǲģһ£ʵ˼ô죬ѵͰװ׷ŹǼһˣ㿴ֶʲôֱʮĻ쵰
գ׿۲ˣֵǵ֧֣


 ǰ
ٺ٣Ȼ׷Źһг˵һôһ֮˵ˣֻΪʱסλãһʱĻ
֣ŮһԺǿģ벻⼸ԺСҲ˲١ղһϵеֶΣĶһʮ˵ģŵĻҲ˰ɡ뵽Ժĵ˵Сӣ˵òϳԷʱүúú
֣æ˵֣ǸȾƣҿ˰ɣǹŮ첲գ治һĶ֡
ǺǣȲҲûϵˣ࣬һǾ͹ƽ֣һ˵
£һ̧ͷһۣǸƾͱˣ˼ȾƵģǵһ˵
Ժ󣬺÷֣æѯ֣ƺ֣ýɫذѽһǵһֱĴһ㡣
֣һæһ˵ӣԺ¿ɲô嶯ӦñѽŶˣЩ˺Ǿ죬Ǹôأ̫̫һʱҲ֪δˡ
һڳԷʱ֣ණֻˣƽģ˽˺óʱ䣬֣ණ˵ɣı˵
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ˼Էһղ˵һָǺơҪ˶ãͻҵ壬Ϊ˭ζʲôҪ봳
һϣǳԺ׼ؾƵʱ򣬺Ƴ֣ණҵſڡһԺ󣬿ǰкһⲻǡºԼûжĹϵһҲûк˵ʲôֱӸ˳˵ѾǸഺһ֪һôģǸֶֶףҲԼǰ;ҪƲܲ
صԺ֣Ͷɷ򿴣·ҪϷһʲôƵġһüȻʵǸʲôأȻе˧Ҳɰɣ
ۣ֣Ц˵ҪģһûôҪġֻеڵĵкԽԽˣ⻹ǰǸһʲôף׷űʵĳ
һôһ˵е㲻˼ǰȷʵ̹֣⣬Ц˵ҾӦøе˲Ŷѽʤѽٺ٣˵ǰɣ
֣ôһ˵Ҳеתһ룬˵ǲǻųǰˣհǰֱɳ̲ϣ
ӵ⻰ԺһˣЦ˵ûУûУҾûеĻ˵ڴϣ˵⻰Ժ󣬳֣ע⣬͵һʳѹ¡
֣͵ܵԺ󣬴漴ƴĶһĶ֣ǵ촽ĳԺֻйԹԾͷˣʮӵʱ䣬һʴ
ڶ죬һʹ֪Ľ֣ණӦźһǰഺԼǸë뽻ڰԼֶӽȻǲ̣ûѡֻõͷӦ˵ˣŲȥκεġ
һյĽģֻҪǰĹʵˣӦˮɵ飬ȻûбҪȥʲô˼
һ֣ԼһͬȥɽһȦΪ˷ֹٳ£÷߷ɺͻһšһȻûҪκĸҲһƬģҲûоܾ
˵ʵɽûʲô˼˱ش⣬ʵûʲôֵùġ֣Ҳǿ㣬ӵʱ򣬾ͻصǡһȻǰͲˣһʿһϱˣܶʱȴǲѶΪ֮ڼѾͬձˣȻǰͲˡ
һֱش³ʮԭ֣Ҳмûлˣһ٣ؼҺúôʱ䡣лһԭһ֣ҲΪڵУѧϰʱȽϳԣԭԺҲҵĻˡһʼʱ򣬻ΪȻתһ룬ȷʵֻҪǵ˵طϵĻô˳ʱء
һ³ʮģ׼Ϻʡʡסһڶٳ˷ɻذʡķʳǡ֣ණֵҪ͵ȥ֣ûҪֵҲһƬģҲھܾ֣ú֣˵ԺҲҪȥ֣ණǽҲʹӦ
緹Ժһݽˡǰ֣ܵһеĸ׵ķ̸˴ԼСʱҡһûнȥ̸֪ʲôǿԹ³һչ˺ĸ֮Ļ̫̫ܼǿһ뿪ʱȻģǲûᣬЦǺǵ·
һ·ϣ֣ŮŮĸף˺Ƕݡ֣үү磬ֵ̫̫һġ֣Ժ󣬼ѹ΢Сһ㣬˼һǷǳࡣֵ֮ĸܺãĸҲǳТ˳ξкܴĹ
һд࣬ѹ̸ֵ֣ʱ֣ĳֻ̽ƷΡ統ʱ˵Ҳȷʵũעͥģֻ˱ǵһλġ


 ߿˵
ԺһסϺʡдסϺʡίĵ绰ʹ˹֣һԷȻƳ٣ʱֱȥɽУҪٲӦĻе˵ȥʹŷ˺÷һȥˡ׼һСڴȥģǿǵҪֵֶܻŮҲˡ
һ극Ժһֱƣ֣ú֣ƽһ߹սһֱ˵ң֣ͺ÷Żֵ˾һ죬һ֣óȥһȦ
ݲʡУ˵ͻʡӦȻһĲ࣬ɽȣѾͬնˡ˹һᣬ˵СԣͻؾƵˡʱֵ֣ҲĵòˣǸԻطϢ
ڶһ磬˻Ժ֣߷ɺͻųȥˡʱ䣬һ֮Ҳ˽飬ϵʽ
ֱֱ֮ʱ˵ȻҲǻʡˣϼڼöе¡һĲѣһعһȥ̽׵ĻһҪϵҲܿĵشӦһݣټһǿˣһϵĻԺ˵ǰ;
ɻڿնʱһע⵽ϵıܲȻһ͸ŬȻͽ͵ģֵܴʱڷɻ·ȴҲġ
÷ҲɷĲס˶Է֣Ȼظš֣ʱҲԼȣǰͷڷɻϣ۾
һȴ۽ǴһЩӨĶⴥǷСʵһλ򳤻̵ľݲͬĽɫӡɷ򡢸סܰʲôɫǶҪеӦóеΣһˡ
뵽Ժͷ֣Ķߵ˵ôҰ㣬ҽһȥúð㣡
֣⻰Ժͨ죬ĸԱأ벻ϹȻ˵ôɿĻҪǱλ˼Կ
һɬ֮λ˼ҲûϹղŵĻŷ̧ͷɷһۣú֣ΪһΪǺԸַǳģһٰ鰡ѽģߣ֪ݵһѵ⼸ǧ׵ĸ߿ϣԼһ뵽Ժ֣İͷɷļϱ۾
һ˴ӷʳǻʱһͿűװľˣڽӻȺСЩȻв֣ǶǵӶеӡΪѾֹһδˡ
Ժһе˵ɣȻصʱ򣬶嶼ǵһдǲɷϵ˵޷ҵڼ޾ĸоѹǶ˵ڼǧպãһʱѡ
һȥ˾дúõıһ٣Ȼ࣬ǳʵڣؼǿζȽʺһҡ֣һӳС뷹Ҫ֪ƽʱˡһ֣ôʢķˣһ÷Աһ㡣ֻк÷֮ǰԵûʲô̫֣һ˵裬ѽⷹ˶ѽ
ԺһڶȽۣûٽʲôԻطϢˡһϴԺɵһ˵ˬ
֣Ժ󣬶һ˵Ҳˣϴκ˵飬ûǰɣ
ʲô飬ϴκ˵ʲôˣ͵һʣһͷһƬհףʲôӡҲûˡ
֣Ͳһŭ˵ˣǼٵģ
һɶͷԵĸоֲ˼˵ˣЦ˵ǷɻģͷһŽҪŴʾһ¡˵һһơ
֣εһ۹ȥ˵ӵ顣
Ŷ˵ѽӣǻ򵥣ھͿѽһЦ˵
ʲôأһ쵽ЩĶ֣ĳһѣװ˵
˵ʲô㲻˵Ҫ˵ȥѽôֱɲĶˡ˵һӵİ취ϴһʵ
ۣ֣⻰ЦȻһ˵ϹҸղŵ˼ǣʱý̽ˣԺǾ׼Ҫӡ
ŶһشȻеСˣ¹һ飬á
һصϸڣȻϨ˯ˡ·;ңԶ˶Ƚˣһᣬʹ˵ͳ
һڷʳֶ죬ĸڸľ˹䣬ɽ֮ʱȽ˼֣ͺ÷ҲǿģǺܾûг߶ˣŮŮţҲ֮ˡ
һֵǣϺʡԺ֣ûȾһ硣ʼΪ⼸죬ȽۣԲ̫ȣֲô¡
ߵϣ֣ѾѾƿõˣ÷ӲǴ϶˵䣬үӲĲ鲻Ը˹ϣһֻǺһϣһ֣ڣûװϵıˣأ
صԺһ֣ǲѾĸĸ˵׼Ҫӵˡ֣ߺһƬ˵Ϻʡʱ˵⣬Ҳ͸
Ϻʡʱ򣿡һʧʵǲǱ𡭡Ҳ֪ˣȻָ̫̫ĸԼáǿǻһֱһģûɲ֪ѽ
֣󣬽һЦ޿κε˵Ҳûа취ˣֻʵشˣٺ٣ֲʲô£𣿡


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ѹһֺͶ塢ȾƵʱ˵һ䣬һٺȵ㣬ûءһȻҵʱҲû⣬벻˵ľȻ˼Ǻ
֣һĻЦ

СԪڵ緹Ժ󣬴ӷʳǳģҪϵȥ˹ڣ׼ӦˡһȻſѧ֣Ѿٴˡ
ǰʹ绰ˣ˵ŮѾֹŻˣ˵ǿְȻԺҪúˡ֣ҲûзϣְְҲ˵˾ģԪȥϰĻȷʵе˵ȥˡ
һ·ϣ˵ʱ䲻̣С˵黰ټֻſҲ̫ۡĵʮң˾Ѿ˼ˡ֪׼һӵĲˣ񻨺ڸ֣ںС棬һȻڼңǳ߾ϰˡ
Сһһ֣˼ţ㵸˷ﻹ첻˵ţ̣֣󣬿ļˣæֱһҲһ߶Сһ￪ġ
㡢񻨡ԺҲӳ˳֣ڶС档Ц˵ôϲСǲҲԿǸһСܵˣ
֪Ŷ뷨ֻ˼˵ڰˣһᣬ˳˵˳ͺ˴ϱĻԺŵؿ֣ڴĻش
֣γ֪˵£˵ѾϹ̶ˣҲûż˵ıҪˡߵ˵ɩҲ뷨׼أ˵Ժ󣬹СŮ״Сͷ
⻰ԺŷЦ߿ˡЦ˵ãɩǰǱʾףˣǺǣ
֣⻰Ժߵͷ̧ˣæװ͵ʲôƵģ˵㣬źˣһԴأȱȥ˵꣬Եݸɩӣתĳǰȥ
˼ԺûæȥԵߣǰѹ̵ķ棬ӭ紵˴е΢һԺ󣬲Ŵĺ䡣ʱе⣬һ糿ʱ֮ˣԲͬĶ˵ԽΪ˽Ļ⣬оȷʵܲһ
ң˼ţԼԺ󣬸˷ˣдĿǰѳ˼
֣ü״æߵݸõԺҲˣһߣо˰죬Щ߾Ȼֻòã쳣֣״æİװŲˣЦǺǵȥˡ
һɵԺŻģȻǸƳǻһµĻԱֻǺܵ͵ģٱ֤˰ʱ°࣬Ȼ뿪ʱܾѾûˡ
һ˿ĵسһɾòǣ񻨾Ȼ˵ϲȾƣֻϣϰֵֺܾȻû顣ȻǲˬҲûж˵ʲôϾŴ˵ĻҪġ
극ԺһֵһᣬҪǵܵʣشһĲµģԷʱǸֳСӡһǼһͲһȽɫҴĸƳôΪģһе㵣ڱʹ
һ˵⼸ȥڹԭ򣬴һûô빤״̬ûʲô쳣Ǹҵһûʲô쳣ϴε飬˵ԡ
һ󣬵˵ͷѴһҪעˣ׻˵úã֮ĲУ֮ĲޡһȻֵܵĹ֮⣬֣صص˵ͷ
ֵһᣬСҪ˯ˣһɾʹ޶ȥˡ˵һͻӦˣֵ˻ءһѴ²ҪʵڲеĻԸ绰һص˵ͷ˳
֣ȻСԵĴ̼˯ԺһɷӺãŮá
һ󣬺Ƶ˵Ҿ壬ŮֲܿƵģҾֻҪһˣŮ
֪޷ƣʣҪкŮ֣Բĵʵ
νɣҪϲʲôҾϲʲôܿ˰ɣһεػش
˭֪֣⻰ԺȴǳģЦ˵Ǿ˵ǴһˣǺǣҪк̫ɰˡ
һҡҡͷҸˣ´룬һûû˵кŮеˣ뾡˯Щϣ
ڶһ磬˾ͳˣ֮ǰѾ˵ãһȥȻѧҲжʱ䣬飬ԾͲڼˡһľٶ֪ȻҲûȥ׷ʲô
ͺҲһǲڵӣŮúýˡŮ˵ǸкӦûǲģλûбʾͬ⣬ҲûֹǻǱһ㣬һȥ£һǰøá
ԺһͻȻ˵Сѽʱ仹ûпѧ㿴ʲôʱ򷽱㣬ԼһԶٷе̸һ̸
ʲôøղܼˣеСڴ벻͵Ҫ׼ʶһ䡣
֣ᳶһСӵ½ǣ˵˼ʲôʱʱСлԼһԸ
ŶˣæӦһͬʱѸ̧ͷɩһۣԷЦأֲصͷ


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֣΢Цŵ˵ͷѾȫԿ϶ϲлԣǹˣˡԺ֣װ˵СãǼ𣿡
ûţСаɣñ߻شʱ򣬱һרĿһе㵣Ķ̬ȣΪҲûиһȷ̬ȣͬͬлԣ̸
֣õ£ǳ˼۾˼û£ֻ˵һء
ɩӵı֣ðһᣬ˵ϴҺֵʱ裬ȻһһҿȹǰҲͶʮҵʱ䣬ȻǾͻѧУˡ֮ǰ˵İҪңûͬ⣬ȹʱ˵
õĻԺ֣˵ͷȻЦ˵ȻĻ;ԼҺһ̸һ̸
⻰ԺѸһûκαʾͨص˵ͷȴѣ׼лԣˣҪȻԼԼġ뵽ԺϱȸղŸ죬ˡ
һȻһֱûпڣõı֣ͨںӾԽҪлԣ̸һ̸ˡƵĻӲҪǲѾһ׵ˣҪ˽Էõ̬ȡСüĸӦⲻ󣬷ĻĵҪҪ֪ǱϾŴѧõĻȫһϡ
ӦԺһȰ͵ѧУ֣ղѾʹˣʧȥѧУǺǻؼңѡǰߡСѾͷһѾлԣԼˣҲûΪ
Ժ֣æʰһȥ鿴һŵĳϾôʱ䲻ˡҪиʲô٣ҲûпܣĴһûа취ġ
Ժ˵¥һС꣬˵㶫Ժֻ˼ҡ֣ҲȥϰˣٷǳˣҲ죬ϢһԺ󣬾ȥˡʱæ׷ѵģóʱûкúùһˣһºܸߣֻˡ
ڶһ磬֣ϰȥˡǰһϣͶͨһ绰Լã糿һȥϰࡣ
֣ѳռ·ڵʱ򣬼Ѿǵˣæ˹ȥϳԺСŮǿһЦȻ̨ȥˡ·ϣ֣ʶգ죬ǸŮû˵¡
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ϺʡǼϣ֣ҲõʾЩǲܸӣĻͻۣǾĲˡʵչʾĻⲻ۸㣬һ㵱һţҲʱ¹˵һ̬
֣Ըûܹʵ֣Ϊ˰칫Ժ󣬵ѩϰˣ͹ȥ٣Ҳ˳кܺ׼ô죬Ŀǰϸôȥô죬ͬһԸºһֻаǰÿһ鶼ʵˣܸԸһ
֣ƵǣǸŮ˾ȻʲôҲû˵ȥϰˡʱһȭ޻ϣ޴ĸо̲סȥôļ٣ѵͲ˵ʲô
ѩ֣ȥԺ󣬲̧ͷıӰݺһۡĶǶ֣ûǲʲô
ǰʱ򣬳̨ķͻȻȥ˵һѵķϻ֮ʱԷͻȻѻһת֣
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ѩ⻰Ժ󣬵ʱסˡķ֪ģʮ塢ңĹؼʱڣӦòʲôӡ˵ʱ䲻֪ͨʲôϵʡί֯¬ߣƣһ̨Ժпȡ֮
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Ѿо֣ܺķ֮еʲôϵԲģ̽һ䣬С֣е飬ûϰġ
ķ漴˵ҲҪ˵ģȥս飬ɷʡίУѧϰĵڣҪ׷ʲôģͲҪ̫ϸϸҪˡ
Ժѩ϶ղûķιһһ˵ʲô޴ӵ֪ˡ˵ʲôʱķȴ˵һ۾֮
ˣΣǸ֣ĸŲ⼸˺üˣѵùȥԻôʶķ˵⻰ʱ϶¶Ϊεı顣
ѩı⻰׵ˣΪ˴˰к˺ԲϺţ⻹湻ġģȴҲϱ¶æ͵ѽһܵñȽ϶̨࣬ʱ䷴٣ϴ̨һšô˵ĿģȻΪ˱ķΣ漴֣ϸԷһܡ


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֮ǰѩһ˵̨С֣ʱһ㣬㿴
ķһ£Ȼ˵ðɣҲеҪ˵ɣʱ䣡
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ص칫ԺϸĥһķĻǺźȥҲûи֣ͶԷʲôϵ
ϻصԺͰϹʡί֯ɲ׸ȻֻǸȴĹò˶ãӦþܷȥĩʱĴ𸴾˵Ѿ󣬿ָտɴˡ
ӵĻԺ׸ʼҲһ㶣ȷʵе죬˵ķȻ˴кˣһȶԶԷһ˽⣬ҪȻҲ㿪ڵģʵϣ֣ʲô֪
һԺ׸Ȼһģ˵֣ϹʡίУѧϰһͨʲôˣҵķϣŴк
ɷĻԺѩҲеǲģʵ˵֣ȥʱô˵ʲôʱҵĸоͲһ˵Ļأ
ҲûʲôԵһ飬֣ӦһƯŮӰɡķڹؼʱ̣һŹô˵ģҪ˵ҲһЩ޹ؽҪ飬ԾͲżˡ׸طͣԺֽ˵Ҹо֣֮һһķеʲôԶʲôģŻ˱֡
⻰ѩͬ˵ʵ֮ǰڵλʱģҪȻ޷ķ쳣ı֡ɷҲôΪ֮ǰۺеˣҪȻ˶ͬ뷨
óԺ󣬷һ£Ǹô졣˵ˣղ֮Ҫķ֣ĹϵΪġɷӣķΪʲôע֣Ժ󶼲Ҫ֮ٷìˣĻ˵Բ֮١ѩΪȻص˵ͷҲ֣Ժɫԭڡ
֣յ칫ңվ͹ˣǹĶԷĺѱŮһףοһ¡֣ʱûһ㣬ڰ칫ǰȶ
æǰѯ֣ľһת˵ʵñأҸһÿʱ
ĻԺ󣬶ҲסˣôҲ벻ȻһŮɵɵǣ۵СۣðҲû˵һ仰
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ѽҲ㲻ףֲȥֻһһˣҪʲôıĻǿɾͱҲˡ֣һ˵
֣ĻԺæ˵ɱϹʡί֯Ĵ֣ûǿһʡί֯
֣˵ǴǸ֯Ĵţ𣿡
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֣Ҳ⻰˵еˣæ˱ȥˡȻûӶԷղǾ仰ֻ߳Ǵؿ֣Բ
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绰ͨԺѩ˵һԹûУòõķϻ֣ǲӦֻίߡ˵ֲЦˣο˻˾гһͨԺѩ͵ʵѽ飬㲻ܺʲôѽ
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ǺǣǺǣĻѩĵЦ֣ƤһأæֻӶŲܲŵЦ
ѩҲеʧ̬ˣæЦһʵѽһ£̨첻죬Ųеæ
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Ŷˡѩװ˵ͻȻ͵ʲôƵģŵ绰˵ѽǰ̨ת㣬ʲôʱʱȥһе顣
̨ң֣е㲻ȷʵ
ţô㻹ƭ㲻ɣѩҲЦſһЦ
ǣǣȥллˡ֣æ˵
ôһˣˣɣҹˣǹȥѩջֶһ䡣


һʮ Ʒ
֣Ӧһͬʱ˵һټæҶ˵绰Է绰洫ݹϢӦӲϾ֮УҪúһ
һһҲ˸ղŵ绰ݣʱҲһͷˮ֪ѩ绰⣬̨֣ʲô顣
ֻԺ֣ɻؿɷ򣬼һڤ˼״ҲûпڣһԼĥ
绰ͷѩҲɳ˼顣ڵλʱ׼ֱӸ֣µģһ£е㶪ӣϾ֮ǰ֮䲻̫ԸģǾ뵽绰İ취
ͨԺַԺΪӸղŵͨУȫȷ֣ʶƷ壬ôأҪҸɷӦ껹ûлֻԼĥˡ
˺һԺѩҲûиеĹؽڣҲȥˣϹ˵֮ô£ģȫˣԺСӾˣҲԼʲô顣ԺѩҲ͵
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ȻǺݹ˭Ҳϣ쵼仹ʱ֮ǰжǶԸѩģ˭ƽʱǺ۵ģ˼̨ƽʱûΪѹЩȻҲòˡ
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һ۾һһԺ˵ǲˣǱǲǼǵأҪ绰һʡ
Ҹ̨һ֪ڸԼƣ˸оıǿҲΪ֮Ƕһ̵ɡȻĿĵĻϣϢ֪ԽԽã֣ƽʱôµ˶˵ǱӦ֪øΪ
һĻԺ֣Ȼ˵ˣ⻰ңҼǵϢǶոҵģʹ绰ȥһ¡˵⻰Ժæֻ
绰ͨԺ֣ûгģֱӿżɽʹķȻе⣬֮ǺýãƽʱڵλҲǻӦģԷʵúܼǾͰ֪ȫ˵˳
֣¬ʱŶһûпڣȶ˵Ժһл׼ҵ绰
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һһ˵ղ˵ҲȷʵеܾǸƷ㣬ӦþΪ£˵벻ǣȥ֪ˡҸоӦú¬Ӧȷеϵ¬͸¶һϢϣʵظա
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𣬱㲻ҪһȥĻáһ˵ĵӵʱʱȥһ£עһҪ¬塣ǵȷĻӦûġ
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˯ڴԺϸ£֣ȥƷ彻ϸڣúһ£ֱûʲôˣ˲Ż§˯˹ȥ֣飬Էȥ˯ţһ˺þҲû˯š


һʮһ ͵С֣MM
ڶһʱһѾڼˣٿʱ侹ȻѾŵˣ˯Ȼѵĸо̫ˡ
Ժ¥ȥ㣬Ժ󣬸׼ȥԣͻȻֻˡùһȻĵ绰æ˽
绰Ҳûʲô飬ֻһĶأ˵ϼأ׼Ӧˡ
һʱϼĶǵöԷ˵һΣѾǲˡ
ʻԺȻᵽ֮ǰ˵һεĻ⣬Ҳûмƽϣ˵һ顪̩أԺһҪǵáһæ֤ԺһμģſĵЦˡ
һԺ󣬲ŹҶ˵绰һɵð̩Ĭ飬תˣĻСѾͷҪˡ
˭ֻ֪շȻٴˣһΪʲô׼ءɨһۺԺ󣬾Ȼ֣ģһңҿһµ绰룬ҪȻɾ͸ˡ
绰ͨԺ֣˵绰æѽҶ˰˲Žͨĥ˰˽ӣأ
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ΪתƶԷעһ˵ǲȥҹƷˣҲʱڹȥ
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֣˵⵹ҪС˵ģţǵʱȥˡ
֮ǰ绰飬һҲľᣬлԣݷǣһٷҲʲô˵飬Ҳ͵ͷͬˡ֣ҲͿĵع˵绰
һµ绰Ժ󣬰ԼԺڽӵ绰ʱһҪѶԷĺ뿴ΣѽҪղһھ裬㻹ʲô£֣һϸһ
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ķҪ֪֣ȻΪڵһ仰ձĻ˵ˣ˶ǶԷĻ׳棬ֻܻˡ
ӵʱ֣ʵڰסˣǱķİ칫ȥҪڵȥĻֱв֮С
Ժ󣬼칫ҵţӦ棬Ӧֱӹˡ֣ţֻ洫һ֣æƿ˽ȥ˵̨ãŲ֣˵ң
ķһ֣æվӭ˵С֣ѽʵʶˣ컹ΣǺǣ
֣⻰Ժ룬òƲǺܳɣ̨ôı༭ߣôʶأ
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ǡǵġԷͥȻ֪ô֣еɶĺͷԵĸоòϴڵ̨ſѩִʱ򣬲ûпԷӰ֪ô֪ġ
֣ΪԷʲô飬˺һԺҲû˵ʲôô󲻽⣬вԷʣֻһһĺͶԷг
ķ忴˵ҲˣͣԺ󣬶֣˵С֣ѽϴҺʡί֯һλ쵼һԷʱᵽ㣬˵ǿ㳤ģС֣ƽʱܵ͵ѽ
£Ҳ֣ɻܲڴ˭˭˵ʶĳĳĳأҸ׺Ĺϵǳá
Ļ˼һΪķȻ˵ˣҲܲش
˼Ժ֣˵ֻҰǺʱһСɣ˵⻰ҲʵԺ¬ֻһģӡҪȻ֮ǰҲ뷽跨ȥӵĻˡ
֣ĻԺķ廹Ǻ֪ģѾڳϺ¬йϵˣҪҲЧò״ʡί֯񸱲ߣһҪ뷽跨ذϵάȥ
ϴγԷʱ򣬶Էһ䣬һڵ̨ʱһۣһ䡣
¬˵µĿľķһ֣֣һΣ˵̨˲ôۣǸʹһЩСӣѾͷúǲˬᣬ°һ죬Ǿͼ򵥵֮ص顣
ڶ쵽̨ϰԺķͰѩѯˣȻһ֣Ůμ档Ժϴ°ʱڳ׼ؼңѩڴſںһŮִ֣
һ룬е¬֣кԭˣ̨˲ôķϵϴѩԺı֣ˡʱѾȷʾʶ֣ˣԷȻҩ˵ԺûϰġһĻΪ֣ѡɾͺ֮ˡ


һʮ 
һССŲξȻҲ˱ˣ˶֪ôġķﰵ
Ѿ֣ͷˣĿǰʱ򣬵˳һֵıԺ¡֪ѩɷ֯ɲĸҲ׳֣ҸʵĻᣬǷ޻˵С
ѩҪ֪ķˣ¥˼ˡеʱĲ̫ر㲢ûʲôʵ¡ӲҪȥĻпܾǷɶ˻ȡæ
ķ忴֣˵С֣ѽл¬ʱã͵ҰˡԷȻѾ¬ĹϵҲٲҴˡ
֣Էôһ˵֪λشˣ˵ʵСʱ¬ԺڵĻֻڵϲܼʱ϶ͶԷ˵Ļķ廹ΪأһԺ˵̨յ飬˵Ӧò۲۵ɣҲ֪¬æ˵ҲֻǺҪĻɲô
֣ĻԺķæҡҡ֣ĻЦǺǵ˵С֣ˣҵ˼˵ʲôʱ¬ʱ򣬰һˣ˵ɣĻҲУǺǣ
⻰Ժ֣ҲЦ˶ԷղŻ˼һ䳡滰һҪȥʲôȻǸĻҲԷһѵġ
֣ԷûʲôˣǾվˡķվһֱ͵ſڣԱɴ۾ǻûһǿƵҸ̨Ȼһֱͳ칫ҵš
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ڡŲ˼Ů֮󣬸ѩ´ºţĿǰС
֣ŶεЦЦȻתѩİ칫ȥ
ѩһֱǳע֣ı֣ķҵϢ߶ԷԺ֪֣һȥ֪ķ徿֣ʲô׼Ժ󣬴һ¡˭֪֣û뿪Լİ칫ƣ룬㲻ôװɣǿǳ̨Ժһ֣㾹Ȼ̨ǿ
ղ֣ȥ¥̨칫ң˺һԺ󣬲żԷص칫һķйϵ̸ֻĻҪôʱ䣬˵һ̨ҲòֱӸһС߲ùпɸźüء
ѩ𵱼֣һʣ˵ʲʲôôҲ̽һ¿ڷ硣̸ʲôҪؼСѾͷûڱԼĺ״ҪĻ취ֲһ¡Ϊ±ķϣһԩ˵أ
֣ѩĿ֪ԷڣҲ˾ôɺš
ѩ׼֣£ڼԷû˼ֻʵѽղȥ̨Ƕ˰ɣ
֣룬ⲻ֪ŵ˵ͷ
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֣˵ͷǾͰѸղȥķ칫ҵԷһ㱨ȻʡΪؼĺ¬йϵݡ
֣ĻԺѩɻ֣˵ЩӦú޼ֵԣֱͺҳࡣķ֪֣ͨȥΪ˵һѷϻģڶԷô˵Ҳ޿κΡѩֶ֣䣬ȥˡﰵ⣬ȡػսǸжյŮһ¡
֣ܺԼ˵ѣӦòԶҲƽʱ֮ߵñȽϽڹϵȽϺõ֡
ص칫Ժ֣ջڣͰѸղŵ˵Ȼ͸ղŶѩ˵Ĳ࣬Ҳһ䣬ԷΪһλʽʺá
Ȼᣬ֪λһŮȻҲŷǳǿӲıҲѣ֮ϾǲѣʲôȥĿæҲûܡ
һңٴνӵ֣ĵ绰ģûкͱͨԶԷһ֣ͨڵ绰Ѿ绰ˣϾٽ⽭ʱҡһһԺ󣬱ʾ֪ˣ°ԺҪˣʱӼֱӹȥˡ
аСʱʱ䣬һر˵ԣ׼˼һ£ϼлԣʱô˵˵Ѿˣ谭֮ôһǺбҪġ˵ʵǱĵУʵûʲôġ
һҴӼģȻԼʱ룬ҲûҪʲôӣҪĲǴ˸ȨǶԷʵضСúá
ͣóԺᳵ·˵ݣֱ6⽭ſԺ֣õ˵žȻѾһˣ츱̨һûʲô飬ҪȻ˵ľò
һԼϱǺ˽⣬ļͥ泤󣬴СûܹʲôίʹȽҲһֱȽϵĵ⣬رڵ֪кǸŮЩԺеĲ£մ˿ԺɲˡǸŮ˼Ȼ֪Ҹ̨ȽϹ֣ԺȻͲȥ鷳ˡ
뵽Ժһ΢Ц߽˰䡣


һʮ лԣ̬
⽭Ȼ˵Цעſڣڴһĵ֣лԣǻе㵣Ķ᲻᲻
һԺһվӣ֣첽ӭΪֹ˫ΣЦ˵඼ˣڼ£ȻڲСúСл͹ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһǽúлԣģĳ̶ֳϣͱʾϿˣΪ˷ֹûӣ֣վ˳ʱһҪӣǺ÷Ĺ۵㣬֣һֱμġ
лԣ⻰Ժæ˵ɩûУҲյһᣬ磬̡˵ŵһ֧й
һҲûпӹ̧žȥü״æᳶһлԣ䣬һĶлԣŷӦæһΪ˻ʱ򲻻̣ǲУлԣģֻǵọ̃ȴ˵
Ժ󣬷Ա͵ѯһã֪ѾˣǾȥ߲ˡһ֪лԣܺȾƣҲûΪֻԵصһ㣬һȻƺˣΪ˸һӣǳĳԷġ
ÿ˸ɩıֺǿģлԣһ˵ľơһ֣Ҳûп̹Ȼ֮ˡ
ٷɺгķΧţлԣʼен˵ȥԺҲͷſˣ̸ֹ֮䣬ǺзִģһҲЩټӵܸʵغ٩
һϻ濴һФӰӣ˵֮Ӽ˵кܴģǴ˽̬ȷʵк֮ܶ
֣֪ϹлԣлҪ˵ԵԵòʱó˰ţ˵е㻰ҪͶԷ˵Ҳô£תͷؿлԣһۣŸ֣ȥˡ
һǳȥԺ󣬷Ը˷ԱһҲȳȥˡŹԺһӿлԣ˵Ӧ֪֮ǰҶСõ鲢Ͽɣ֪еԭ𣿡
лԣһ£˵磬ϸĥһ£ҲѯʹСãǾÿܺҵļͥйϵ֪Բԣ
һĻԺ󣬲ûش𣬶ͳ˦Էһ֧ȻŸԼϡлԣȻ̣ǽ֧̿һݹģҲ˻𣬲һĶǲ񼶱ġ
ʵҲһлԣһ죬鲻νûҪǰһףһ׵ġ֤лԣȷʵ̣Ҳһﰵһ֡
Ű̵֧ĹһһԣʱʱصлԣһۣöԷƣҲ޿κΡ˵ʵԼӸǰûܵѹһ۲˰Ժ󣬾лԣڹټӵӦûǱȽϱֵģ䵽ʱ򣬾Ȼе޴ĸо
һᵯһ̻ңȻ󻺻˵лǿı磬ǰɣôۣ
лԣ벻ԷȻдһʣղʶؾãԷһݺݵô䣬ֻҪŶͿˣ벻Ȼ׳һ⣬ͬʱҲܾΪѡǸʲôˣΪܣֳܲĨڰɣҲ̫صˡ
лԣһ£һ˵磬ȻʣһұԼֵܣҲʲôۣһҿԱ֤ңѪԵϵ⣬Һûκ֮㣬Ŷ֮ǰӦҲ˽⡣
лԣԷȻлǿ֪ôܲ˽ģԸҴŵ˵ʵ֪һʶлǿԶԶʶлԣ֮ǰ˽÷ǳ̡
һ󣬲˵ͷ̵̻ҸԺ󣬶ԶԷ˵ԣѽЩҲ㣬֮ǰȷʵ˽⣬ҪǺܲĻʵ㣬ǽҲͬһԷǰҲͬСõ¶ʮĵʱ򣬲Żؼҡ
⻰елԣ˼Ϊ֮ǵ㹴Ҳѵģó
лԣһĻ΢΢һ죬ûгԽͣΪ±һ˵һҲûʲôý͵ġ
һлԣα飬˵Ҳ֪ǲõҾ֣صظܡҵĸĸҲõĸĸǱ׼ũũ塣ĻǲѾóֵ׼ˣҲ˵飬ļֻһʲô̬ȣҲǳҪϣЩԺֻƾһʱ嶯˵˫˵ʵʱͷüҲϣ֮ΪЩʲôң֡ҾԲҵˣܵκ˺
˵ʱһеɫĸолԣҲָܵơûżش𣬶ǳسһȻɫ˵磬˵ʵղŵǷԺҺܸжΪСһ˹ĸж
˵ʱлԣվظһһûκεȫǷĵ뾴塣һûп̹Ȼؽ̸һ
Ժлԣ˵磬ղ˵ЩܷģҲͺСýˣҵĸĸҲ֪ǵ飬軹ˡҵĸĸСú⣬ǰҰؼˣС˵ûеõǵ׿ϣȥ
лԣ˵⻰ʱ̬ҲǳĳϿң˵ʵлûó˼ļͥҪЩ۵ġȻ׼ʲôӼȻһϲģҲˣлӼԺҲ⡣


һʮ Ьմˮ
лԣⷬһԤ֮⣬һ£˵ӦҲʶѣ˵ʵǶǸǲߣұҲйӴҲϣʲôĹ㣬лҲһѹ㡣
⻰ԺлԣеסˣõĶ绹ͱйӣ˵Ļ֮ǰԷԣҲȫΪԼļͥأпܺñ绹еϵ
뵽ʱлԣǴ⣬Ժ羴Զ֮״СٺͱҲһֱôġ
лԣͬʱлǿ˽һö֮飬ҪǻʲôĻŻһ£ĻҪмҲʵ֪лǿһǺҲǲˣ˵ìˡ
һ˵Ҳˣóһ֧˻ԹԵسûеݸлԣȻѾ֪̣ǾͲҪΪˣ˵Ҳʲôõϰߡ
лԣ֪ԷĻ˵ˣ׼ȥúͶɩƨɸմ̧ͼһԱŻŵƿšһлԣͬʱֳˬɫԱҲ̫ûòˣ˵֮ǰʱҪ֮ǰøŰɣòѽ
СԱԺ󣬽Ͱ͵˵λϰ壬ˣղźһԷλŮʿ棬ͱ˳ˡСѾͷһ·ܹģ˵Ƚϼеĸо
һ⻰ԺæվѸȥֱ˴׵档˭֪лԣĶҪ죬Ѿһ˳ȥ
ǵ˴Ժ󣬹Ȼ֣ںĸŮִʲô˿첽ӭȥֻеһв֪˭ҵǸǿˣҪǿŮ˵ķϣûôˡ
Ļ䣬ǸŴͷļһӿ˵ҪѵԾˣֱӰץȥǿɾͲǵǸˣٺ٣˵ԺһĻЦһʤȯյļơ
Ŷ㵹ǰѽлԣм˵
һ׼ڵģȻлԣҪͷǾԣҲԿİ
ڿĵװأ͵˳Դתעһȫлԣһϡ
ĶСӣûǵ£Զ㣬һߣ߲ˡͷв
ҷŸɾ㣬ڴ󻰣ͷҽԺɲΡлԣ˶Էһۣȵ
лԣ⻰еֱӰѶԷ㵽ҽԺȥˡ
ͷȻˣеСӣѽ˵⻰ԺƾҪȥ
ߵĺס˵ϰ壬嶯
ͷʵҲӣɫͿ˵ӣĶǰ˵Ķ֡ĿģǱƺӳֵģϾΪ־ֵľֳҪʰС껹練ơ
ȴͷ룬ٽԷģɶǷǸЩʮˣпȨ˼ҵӵܡΪЩСµǵĻе㻮
Ժ󣬺ӳлԣ˵Ӧ־ֵĵ𩣬֪λСֵôƺ
лԣ󣬷ֶԷֻһ־ֵľֳ֮СɫûôϣֱĴڣֱԽøǰȥô¡
ʻԺ֣ľ˵һ顣ԭǹɩ˴ӰԺ󣬾ʹ˴棬þɣ÷Աһˮȵʱ򣬱лʣһˮҲû⣬һã˭֪õǸӵƤЬϣ͹ˣǮǵǸġлԣһڣݺݵص˺ʹͷһۡ
𩱻ԺòˬأڼԷȻҲ̲סˣ˵Ьǽ¿ǧһ˫أǿŰɣ
лԣ⻰Ժı׵ˣɵ˵Լǹ־ֵģͷ˵ǧǮЬǲԼĨԺֱӲͶԷˣֱͳ绰׼ִȥȻһǸɵ񣬲ȴûа취ֻýϰֵ
һ״лԣʹһɫлԣǷ˵绰Էȥ߽ԺһûпڣֻǶסֻٿлԣ˼˵׼Ұִ绰
һɨ˶Էһۣ˵ɣ黹õ鷳֣⻰е֮⣬ǷǳԵġ
лԣ⻰Ժߺ죬޲Ҹضȥ
һ˶ԷղŵıԺʵͦĵġ˵лԣЩצļһҪȻһʶһЩνѣҲͲһҪȥϰˡϾһѧϵһ컹մһΪ
лԣȫһ˼ΪԷ²С¶㲻ҪԼԮԾúʱ俴ĽǶȲһóĽȻҲһͽһ˵˻๵ͨҪϾĸƤ
һǰһźӣ˵ȻЬ۸ôմˮӦûʲôɣôҪ˫µģ
⻰Ժǲˬǿ˵ұû˼һ˵ҡǰʱ򣬷ԱѹңЬմˮĻױΡû취ֻ鷳ˡ


һʮ ⻰
˵⻰ʱһԵõı顣ڵҲˣǰ⼸һûʲôղŵĵȫǶġҪ㿴ĻͷˣĶ˵ôĻְҵĹϵûٺЩٶ򽻵ǵĸԣǷǳġ
ΪǽѽΡһ˵˼ǵһ˫ͬЬǰɣ
һĻԺ̲סˣŵ˵թҰˮСõЬԺ󣬸ղѾǸˣĶˣմˮҪһ˫ЬҪǰˮĽϣָôأ
󣬱⻰ҭסˣһԺ˵ҾթˣôţȥԺȥ
˵⻰һ͵ؿ˵
һڵⲻѵĵһ漴ĿɿڴؿŶԷ治ҰѸղ˵ǻظһ顣
ͷһ߿ͲסįˣղŵѾѶԷƸѹȥԺô䷭أæ˵˵һ飬ôţԾֵЬӱˮûˣǵð⳥
һݺݵһۣ˵ãЬӣһɲҪѽ˵ͳֻں뱡ϲҵһ룬Ȼ˲ż
ʹͷһۣȻЦ֮ԱѾ϶ԷǮˣ͸㶨ˣȻġ
绰ͨԺһᣬȻЦ˵֣ãһѽþòôˣûдɣ
һĻԺ￩һ£֡ƺϤˣǿӦ칫ϵͳϴѵǰһʶ
뵽Ժе㲻ˣԱһ˿üпǰ˹װƣϻһĮĵ̬
ǹעȴĵʵ뷨һ¶һ˿ĵЦŵ绰˵ҲԷѽ̫ˣҺͼٽԷأòС˦˵ˮһЬ棬˵Ьֵǧ࣬˵Ҫթǣ㿴˵Ժһ֪ͣʱ˵ˡ
ʱںͼһԷһ绰ǿģڼ䣬ڵ绰滥˸꣬ԼõһӦԺٺúþһۡڽӵĵ绰Ժ󣬻ΪԼԷأ벻Ȼһ飬ʱ֪
Ӳѹסǻŭ𣬶ŵ绰˵ϵܣ˵ĸɣѵ绰ֱӺ˵
һ󣬰ѵ绰ݵ˵ǰյ˵˵ôǽӻǲӣ˵仰
ʱɫȫղצɣĲĵ绰ؼ𣿿ʼһһе㻳ɣʱȷˣ绰ͷǵһɣΪɫһ
֪¸ˣ־Ȼֱӵ绰ĶеӲӣæǰһذѵ绰ϣȻͷ̬֮վǰƵġȰһжλԺ󣬵С˵֣ã־ֵСԣ˼鷳ˡ
һȻһһֱͲô𩣬κίŵˣ춯Ҳô׵ģεһᡣԺ㲢ûйֻǵ˵һ䣬ԭǵѽһֵľֳ˵¶ע⣬Ŀǹϵͳ󣬾ɣһе飬ȥоһҡ
˵Ժ󣬲ȵκαʾֱžһ˵绰
֣ǡ㡭ҽѽ˵ʱеֻﴫȴཱུæ
ֻôͷɥذֻֻһ죬Ҫ˵ʲôԺʲôҲû˵Ŵͷʹһɫתȥû뵽׼ѰǸŮĵģھȻǳôĻ£Ҫǵùʱ򣬺ȿˮġ
ü󣬿ĵ˵ôҪЬˣǻؼ÷Ʊȥˣ
֣קһ½ǣҪٺæѶƳһۣԼأæЦղ¿ɶǳģе㵣һˡ
лԣʱе㿴ɵˣʼһ˵ʱ浣Ƿ׼ͶԷǿе㲻أ˱ϾӦй־ֵľֳҪʲôĻɲճġ
ڿôһ£òõĶ羹Ӧ칫ֵľֳ죬һ绰ŵòһļһ㶨ˣ⻹лԣеĿ࿴˼ӦйֵľֳǸǳţֳҲδаһ绰ȥ˼Ҿܸӡ
뵽ԺлԣԽһͣǰһ˵磬ղŶ㣬ҪҵĻֻܡ˵Ժе㲻˼˵ȥˣϾŮѾվһأܲ˵ֻϰְæ˰ɣ
һȴ⣬ֻ˵ĿǰһѧҲ˵ѧҵΪʲôģϵ飬Ҫ̫࣬㣬ûʲôô
лԣóϷص˵ͷüѵıԺ󣬺ǿģͬʱҲԶ˾֮飬ΪӡУлԣǺҪǿһкӣٶ˱̬֮ȷʵˢӡ
˱ͳԵòˣټϳԺ󣬴Ҳûʲô˼ˣлԣ굥Ժ󣬾һȥˡ֣׼򵥵ģлԣӲǲãһʹһɫȥˡ
һ׼лԣСûѧУģǼҪߣҲȥˡһĻ֣һѳȡˣϾ˾ƿȫһҲհˡ


һʮ 
¶ʮǻʡίУѵ꿪ѧӣһͲʡơܷӡ¸Զ¾һ˾԰ƼСãǲ񫣬ǻ¸ԶǺúþһۡǸռСȦӣȻʾǰʱ׼ˣҶæǾ͵ˣοһûᣬȻŹ
˵Ժ󣬶ûʲô飬ȻҲ뷨Ȼ¸ԶȣȻҲûʲô˵ġ
¸Զ˴ҵķӦԺ˼Ժ󣬳˵ԼѹһֵʶأҲϤһ£˵ԺӦһĶֵϣõŵĵط
һһ֪˵㣬ͨͻ¸ԶĽѾ֪ͬѧһֱദ÷ǳáӿ˵ԶΪĿӦеرϲơϴļһһҪͽˣһҪʲôĻԱƽ¡
һĻԺ󣬴ҵθڶˣæǺηʥһ֪¸ԶȻѾ˵ˣ˵Ϊ㣬ҲûʲôܵıҪˣǾͰ˵˳
һ㶣벻¸Զ׼ΪӦйϵͳϴǺǿģǹܷͽĳЩİãһ˵Ȼܺʶ޲ʱϾ͵ϲźá
һʹɢˣʡƵ˻ᣬ¸Զһһ٣ȥһϵ飬ԾͲȥϿˡڴҶóǵеһҪ򽻵Ļֱһȥ֤һ˵һ׼
ĿΣ˶е޾ɣϾżôʱˣ״̬һӺѵ˵ڼ˳Ժ⣬˿ˡ齫ʲôģˣϿεʱúϢһµҲϿεʦһʮŮʿڵУνѾСʮˣЩѧԱǻУϿô£ֻĿΣ˵жûûʲôϵ
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һûյı֣Ժ󣬾׼ذϿΡ˰칫¥Ժһ̸꿴ǰǴС¥˳칫¥̸ӦȥƺƳɵģ뵽Ժ󣬶پе£ǾװûԷֱǰȥ
˭̸֪ȴںкһһ
һֻͣ½ŲôװɾǳĵˡתԺ̸Ѿĸǰ
̸꿸վӣֵһ꣬۾ǲе㲻ʹˣҾ棬㾹Ȼûп
¥ĴųͿһˣӲûкԷǸŮˣܲȳк˰ɣʱġһȻԹԵ׼߿ˣĶ˵ֱ֣Ӵˡ
һ⻰ԺֻһգæС˵̸㣬˼飬ûע⵽㡣
ǲСã̸꿳ʵ⻰ԺҲе̫ˣߺͷ
һ״æҡҡͷ̸꿵ıԺæ˵ûУϳԷ顣
Ŷ̸꿼Էûеæ˹ȥʵʲôʱʱ䣬Էף˳
£˳һеĪҲͻؼҹֲȥ̣˳˳һ˵Ȼ⻰ʳڣԺ˵ɣʱȽ϶࣬Ҵ绰㣬ԷĶŮʿǮĵ
㣡̸һᶨ˵ҪҵĻǾ´ΰɣ˵ġ
һ˵ͷ˭˭Щ޹ؽҪģؼվˣһѧԱһǵУĹԱû̫Ľӣվĸû꣬˿ˣôأ
̸Ҳʶ㣬˵͵ĻԺ󣬾͵ټһõıӰǷβһԺ󣬺ԵԽˣ͵زһֳ嶯Զ֮С
ϣ¸Զѵص㰲˺ԴƵ꣬ҾƵ֮ǰǲģߣұݾͱа˳ȥˣͲ֮仹˵Ĺϵһʲôд⡣ƵȥȻһ㣬װ껹ǱȽϵεġһĸоӦòٽɼʱһ£ʵһ¡
㲻һģĹٳһԽĵԽ٣ˣԷҲˡ
˰ԺȺһкȻ¸ԶΪһһ˽ܣֻǵشһкѡܹȻǳŻ¸ԶӣһҲһɺԵҪأֻ˳ʶһ£Ȼֵ̫ġ
¸ԶλãȻǫһջһƨȥ⣬ȷʵû˻λˡ
һٷԵҲȽϾˣϾҶһϵͳģ˵ҲûôҪܻġҲ֪˭˵ӵģ̴ﵽ˸߳ҶǾƾ֣˵ȻûʲôѾġ
ٽʱ׼ȥϴּ䣬һһơһ֪лҪԼ˵æվϴּȥ


һʮ Ƥ
˷ˮԺ˵ϵܣǰϵǲ˼ѽǼһе𩣬Ǳߵˣý˵£һҪлϵѽҪȻҲʲôʵĻ֡
һ⻰Ժһ㶣⣬ҲܳΪһ־־ֳĽڣ֪ԷĻӦûлЦ˵ϸ磬Ϊ飬ܰˣ⻰Ȼ˵úת˼ȴúΪĻôûھνˡ
ȻǱԷ˵£ڨЦʲô¶ϵܣҲҪ̸ԭڡ
˵Ժͣ˻ͳݸһһ֧ȻҪΪһ״æͳΪ˭֪ԷӲǲãǣһԺ󣬾͸Եˡ
һóԷڱһ̬ȣһֶԼǳص̬ȡúеɻ󣬰˵㲻˵ıѽһʲôãżô˵
Ժһר־سӸղĻͷ
㿴һӣﰵеСǰˣǵЩνļֱӰ˵˴кԷӦûӡ
Ȼ׼ѻ˵Ҳòٶʲôˣֱӿ˵ϵѽһеԲס㣬׼˵еԲǵĹүҪʲôĻŴк
˵ʱһһۣԷϲûʲô˵ɫŷĵؼ˵˵䲻ϵЦĻǾҲǸӣȻһ֣Ҳʲô¶˵ģξ͡
һĵĽԤϵһǸίŲԸǸίֺίüȥģԸơî˾Ҫ־ֵľֳ£ҪԭһǸίĵɽ䵱ǰȨս
ڶ֮ǰҲʶһ𩣬ǰһ˹ͨ˵ʡίŮѣڶԷҪһ˵
ſʼ׼ģһ¾ʡίйϵϢˡҪҲΪ˱ðȥʡίǶŸɵķգĻӽˮˡ
֮Ҫµ𩣬кܴһֺԭҪ⻰ݸԷίһֱӦίίίǵ֧֣ԲڶԷȻ̧ʡίܵǰδеѹʱ˵ǻ˵ʱ򣬽֮ǰ˼֡
Ժһԭôһ¡˵ʵкɴɲ²ϻߺҢκ鷳ҲȷʵöԷģҲԷƤ졣һĻȥҲûʲôˡ
һЦ˵֣⻰ɾ̫ˣֵСºҳأԺֻҪҪʱֵܵôãԷĻһˣֻϸ絽ʱ򿴲ѽ
ֵܣ˵ʲô⻰Ժ˵Ըһˣ㿪ĵ˵
ﵱеġ˵ԸһˡȻ壬һһ֪ˣѽҲû˵ƣֻŶԷЦЦ
̸ԺȻûбҪٴϴּˣ˵ʵζ治̫š
Ժһ͵ʲôƵģ˵ϸ磬ʱ䣬ܾҪӦˣʱһһ¡
һ⻰æӦ֪Էе磬ָʡίǺҢŮҲϴμǸˡһӽǳȥģȻڷֶԷ˾ͺֵһԸλȻ֮ˡ
Ժ󣬴ֳһлԺ󣬾ˡְһϳԺϳڳһһ㶵ģǲ⣬¸ԶҲ⡣

Ӿƽȥˣתۼ䣬͵·ݣʡίУڴɲѵۿҵڼˡչÿѵ඼ѡѧԱҲÿѧԱΪĵ飬ʱȻ˰༶ȵ㻰⡣
ʼʱһû̫⣬ϴκ̸꿳Էʱ򣬶Էһ䣬˵ƺƳѾ׼ˡ˼һ׼֮Ȫˣһ׼䵱ɽ׵룬Ҳ˵˭óмֵĶ͸˭
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǲˬǵ͵Ψס𹫷˽ĿǰҲûʲôð취Ըֻþĳ֡˵Ƿҵᣬ治ұ֤ϾΪС£ȥ鷳Ң¬ĴУĻҲ̫һ㡣
һʱ仹һǳĵ飬ǰйءӦԺһͿûкͶԷϵԭܼ򵥣ǰʱֱֵ֮һгһͻķߣǿ治ϣĽŷٵʱг֣֮飬֮䷢ʲôϵĻøӲ
趨õȥչʱÿʱ򣬶ᷢһЩĶţʱһСЦʱһСӣһ֪ȥԡ׼ҸʱúúͶԷһ£ϣܹ˵ԷúõȥҸк顣
ʱ䣬֮ȪıֺǻûȱϯģٵˣѧԱæǵģڣ֮ǰȣֱһƵġҿʼʱ򣬻е㲻⣬һϵѧԱ⣬ȫˡ


һʮ ر
ԴϴεԺ֮ȪԲʺ˺Ǽɵǰһǳ˼η˶ûᡣʱӼһ绰ˣʸû֮Ȫе㲻ˡ
ڶԷʱ򣬲ʾͺʹ˵飬һЦһȴһۡѧԱˣⲻһֳɵĻ
Ҫ֮Ȫ˵֮ǰеڣôȥˣҲûзϡһ飬ҪƺƳɣȫƻϷΪҪ̸˵һҲ֪飬ɣҲһֻ۱һֻۣȥˣڼȻ֪ˣ;ԲöԷļƻ׵óѵġ
ԺһҸʱͲʺһ£²̫֪ĻáϿεʱһĸ˷һţԼһԷ
е⣬ǴӦ
ϿνԺһơʿһ£˶ߵòˣһȥ
յǰ͵ؼ̸Ħгһæ첽ǰȥĶԷͣ˵ɶϾһɲһ顣
˭֪ʲôʲô̸꿰ѳﵽ󣬸µһɲͣЦкһ˹ȥ
£ʲôйģģһĵҲͶԷִϾƺͲѾ߹ˡЦ˵̸ѽãһȥԸؼѽ
һĻ䣬ʺѾ߹ˣһĻ󣬻ʹһɫЦ˵̸ΣȥԷû°ɣһȥո֣ؼҲóԵġ
̸аϲĹģЦ˵ֵȥԷҸȥ̫ʰɣ
ʲôʵģôʱ䣬һ̸ֱεĹģҸʾһ£ײˣԼĺãһȥɡЦ˵
̸⻰ԺЦ˵Ҿ͹ˣг̫ӭҼѽ˵߷һ۸һ
һ״æ˵ôأ̸ο붼벻ĹͣҰͽỹأôأ
֮ϤΪ̸꿺Ͳڣֻװ֮䲻Ǻӣⱻʺƿղ̸׹Ǹۣһܲǰһﶼǳ˾ҪǱǿһʲôǿɲģֻܴӦ̸һȥĻ֪Сٸ˵ʲôء
һԺ̸һŤţѳͣһȥˡʺƶһۣһȥһ״æС˵Ǹʲôѽһ˵ǰѽԼĿѽôˡ
УһŮܽӴĻᣬлǾͰˣװ˾Ƶģ㣡Ц˵
ʽƵĻͷ˵رˣ
˭ѽ̸꿴򿪸ʻţǡʵĻʵ
⻰Ժ֪Ϊ̸ȷʵײ⡣һЦ˵˵֮ȪʱҪѡѧԱˣһ˸ƵģڰװװǻƵġ˵ǴӲر˻ȥ̸꿱ϾǸŮʿ˵Ĵʲò
Ŷ̸⻰ԺΪص˵ͷ
һƶͶȥмһƳһﵽؼʱ̣侲ģһҲǺ
ȴҶԺһ˳ӣɣسŵУĴſʻȥƺƳǡɴ¥̸һĳӣﲻˬ˼㣬ɴ˽һȷ̸һһ֮еϵЦһų޵ͷ£¼ãصȴᡣ
̸ڸʻλãԶԣһģ͵͵һۣ󣬼ƺͲڵͷ˵Ǵ󵨵طһ۹ȥ
һæ۾ǰȥ룬ųأ˴󵨵ҪǳʲôµĻǿȫΡ
̸꿼һıԺ¶˵΢Ц˳Ƴ˶Էһۣ˼벻ԷƫҪţʲô취
ӿһԺһȥĶԷʺνǾ˵̸꿵ġ̸ΪУҲǳԱӦˣһ£˵ƽʱԹ˴Ƶ꣬ҴȥСطǿ۽硣
⻰Ժ󣬶µʲôط˭̸֪ȴ˹ӣ˵һǾ֪ˡ˶һۣεҡҡͷŮˣԸҲϲ˵θڡ
̸꿼״һضһ˵гڿʼһˣĶĶ
һ󺹲ѣĶ˵֣ʶŮ˵⺷ҪĻ˵ʲôء
̸꿵ָ£һų˹յĽϳȻʻ˴ԼʮԺһҽС˽ˡСׯǰͣ
̸꿼״ЦŶ˵ˣǱ󣬳Ժ󣬱֤Ƕ˵ãҲ൱λ
æ˵ͷ˵ʵͷöеΥģǶ̫ţһСׯܳԳʲôڷģĸķ񲻵λģǲǳ
ŽŽɵ̬ȣһ˸̸꿺һ˽˹ݡȥԺ󣬲ŷ澹ȻĵģҪ̸꿽ܹģ˻⾿ǲһҷꡣһ£ûĻǻʲôѽ
Ǹովӣֻһʮˡٸӭ̸ԺϲЦݣк̸㣬лָҴ˹ˣѽľȻһɫλϰ壬ǺãСϰˡ


һʮ Ů
һæͷʺãŮһһⳡֵ֣ǣôôѰͣ˲⡣
ˣзˣȥɣɱûˣǾֱȥĹ뷿ѽ̸Ц˵
֮ĹϵҪȻ̸˵⣬ûаʲôģ⻰е̫ˣһǲǽĵһˣһûеڶ˵ء
ûаˣˣҲһ취㰲Ц˵Ҫǳ극ԺҪСõķĻҲģ˭۽֮佻أǷԵѽ¸£˵⻰Ժ⿴ŶԷ˼۾Ȼʿɨһۡ
һͲʡƻһۣд۾֮УŮ˻ͣղǻ˼ɵҲó̸һء
̸⻰ԺȻҲʾǰһֵҸºҲзŮ˾ʹֳһţѽѷ֮ơ
Ů˵ıĿɿڴһôȥɲһ£ҪǷԱ߱ʳ͹үԿؿ
ԺŮ˲ֹͣ˴̸֡Ц˵ˣˣλɶ쵼Ҫ̺ˣ֤Ժӯţٺ٣̸꿵ŹκһȤԷĻᣬ˭ղȿԼЦġ
ӯţǲָˣȻ̸ѣһһԹ㣬ܿ˰ɣ⻰ǳ̸꿷ʣһ˫ˮĴ۾ȴֱɨ
ãǾô˵ˣһѽ̸꿿ĵ˵
һͷԺ󣬳һƣ˸һСŪ¸󡱵İǰһ̧һǡͤǰǸСҹáĻ治һˮƽһ˵ߵĸоһеĸоϸãƺҲûʲôתͷһ룬Ǿһ˿ͷ
ԺһԱȻҲϰ˲䣬ɫ䲻ԷҲˡһɻѵⷹȫǶʮߡٸҪĻȷʵһѽͷŮɱޱȾ޴ġ
Ժ˲û뿪վ̸ߣҲ̸Ȼ˼һ˵ӣͰҵǼɫ˶ɣҲԲ˶٣ʲôģλгɣͣǿ㣡
гʵΪ̸ںЦĶôг֪Ϥһϲ̧߱˴˵ݣǾгˣίȻˣҲû̫⣬ֻһ˵ѡ
ô㲻ţ˼ҿǻʵгһҪѹ֤ŮʡΪҺ̸һ˵
Ǹһݺݵص̸һۣ˵˵ôҵˡȻǲʱ⻰ǾԲ˵ڵģҪȻĻ֮Ĺϵ˵⡣
һ˰죬װ˵һ䣬ϰ̸εģһؼУһһġ
ղ˵ĻѽҲҴ˼꣬ȻѾǸгˣǺѽһĽ˵
󣬲һɣ̸һ£˵ˣӦһ󣬶28˭մ˵ùнأ
ٺ٣ɣһûҴˣգ벻ǵܵأΣˣǱ߻мȥкһ£һҵܵܺȾơ˵Ժ󣬲˷ӦѾ첽˰䡣
ȥԺһϲ΢Ȼһ㣬Ů̫ǿˣĳ˵ƤѾˣǺһʱ򣬼ֱֻм֮޻֮
һṦ˾ˣһ𣬸ղֻϰ٩ɽȻƶûҪæԷԱ˵ƿҺȻ̸ʵ̸Σȵʲô
ôʡǮѽҺ᲻øҺȣ̸꿷ʵ
ǣǣô᲻ҸأȶˣϴΡһ˵ʱ͵̸ǴһҵĿ̧ȥʱ򣬲żԷڳʹɫأӦ˹ϴ֮飬˵©졣
һ̸꿵ĿֹԺ󣬽˵ϴһŮͬºȶˣǻʧɫǱҺһ䡣
̸һǹ˵أһתЦŴĻ㲻л𣿡
һѾٿˣ쵽ʲôӣôЩŮһôͣ÷ԱѾˣȥơˡ̸꿵ıӵʱһ뱭˼һ£˭֪÷Աˣ治֪ʲô⡣
ȻѾˣֹƺҲе㲻ˣǾͶƱˡ
ʳһ˾ƱЦ˵ܵ羴һ
һ⻰ԺƲѣȴǺǴЦƱͲһ£Ȼֱȥһ룬¾ƱԺ󣬶Ų˵һҪپҵĻǾ͸һơ
ֻűҲȵһ룬ȻԹԵһߣһˡԷľģҪȵĻſµĿ϶ǲ𣬻㲻
һṦ򣬷ԱͰѲ˶ˣһзʨͷƽŶ㡢ȣϻǺ˵ġ
̸æкҿԣٲȻٷˡӸһԺ󣬻ཻһɫ̸꿹ûдţҷĲȷʵɫڵĻζ˺üοӡ


һʮ ۸
˰ѵһƺԺ󣬷ԱϽǰָϡһƳ̸꿵ľƱһۣźСڡղŻȻţȵʱ򣬻ģҲһĲ٣浣ȶˣʱ治֪δءʱͬգϴżؿͣһŮʿȶ˵Ļòòһ棬˾ʲôɸ˵ĿΪ֮
ƸյԺ󣬴Աæǰšֻ˶һӽˣԺЦ˵СɫˡСţͷǶζǰ͵ģλ쵼һιСŮôҲñʾһ⣬
һϰ˵ķǳϲЦѩף˺ĶæŶԷĻͷ˵ҾллϰˣԺ볣
ʲôϰϰģղŲǸ߹н㣡˱˵̸꿵ڸղž˵һͣԷԱղžͱһꡣֵǣûпϰ͵ģһ㡢ܵܵĽиͣд۾֮С
Ժ󣬷ԱǰΪƣ嵽һʱ򣬹ͣ˼״˵ôҲΪҵܵʡˣ
Աɫ΢죬æԺȥ
˶ƱһƺͲ˵λ쵼ӭǹС꣬Ҿһ´չŵ⡣
󣬲ȷʵϰ˼ȫˣ
Ȼôܸװʵ
⡭⡭ʱ׼ѰԷе벻Ůľ֪ͣοˡ
һԺ󣬲һΪɣ˵ϰҷе㲻ѽһˣȴҪ˶ˣĻƺе㲻ƽѽ
ûǸѽҵ˼Ҹˣ⡣Ȼܸݳ⣬ԸһˣСŮӸмлˣ˵⻰Ժ󣬶ƱཹཱུڣͰѱнİ׾Ƹˡ
ʴʱɵˣղŲһ죬һһ룬λݣֱȫˡһͶĿ⣬˭֪һﾹֱĴڣƱǳһڣȻӣһµļơʼ״ֻöƱѾƸθ
Ժ֪ˣֱӹսƣô˵Ҳˣ÷Աһ̹
̸꿼״ҵ벻ܲȻãȥίٱǺص⡣
˭֪ʾȻβֱӻصô˵ҽǿ϶ˣֻţ̣ԸȥίٱֻȥҾͲżί¡
˼һ¿ˮ̵ļƣҲûʲô취ʣµĸ˿ʼܿʼʱ̸ٺһľȣвСģ¶̬һҪһô˵Ҳ¶ֻǰʹɫ
̸֮һüŪ۵ģЦ˵һŶ졭гһٺ٣ٺ٣
һͷѣֻóʹһɫ˶̸꿵ľе˽⣬òƻûôȣѾˡʼʱ򣬻ΪԷǹαװڿô£ҲϣѶԷȶˣĻϾˣѾʮŮ˵ˡ
һɫԺæ̸꿵ľƱ˵̸ΣƲˣǸٺȡ
̸Ҳ֪˵һЩʲôȻֱſ档Ҳûٺȥ˼ˣݲݳһԺһűϵķԱ֣򵥡
굥ԺһһſϺ˯̸꿣֪δ֪Ƿ֮ĸ鲢ãʱϹĻǲܵġǿԿͻؼңǵԺô˵أɷڼңĸףָôſأ
ʱõİ취Ǻϴһȥ䷿ǲʺƶأҲôȥοϴεľԺһĲұ֤ǲǻңҪһûסѶԷֱƵˣɾʹˡ
Ҳ˵Ϊѣǿ˵ɣ̸סɣһҸ绰û£ҺǺýãǷģҲ˵ģ˵èһӣһҪء
£ʲôҪҪĻ㻹׼ˣһҲ֪ԷڿЦأЦĻƺеˣϵ֮ǰķһҲͲˡ
һлԺһƺͲʾˡһֱ͵ſڣתص
һʱŷָղŻտҲǰȻѾͣ˳кüۣһܳǸ־İ䲻֪ʲôӵģһƣǼֵơ
֮ǰ̸˵Ļ治Ǵţɲһĺáһ͵ôˣղųʱҲûʲô֪ʲôԭ´ٹʱ򣬵úúоһô¡
ʺƴʱҲ⣬ϳԺʵһʲôλȥ񲻼ѽ
ƵĻһͳƤӣѸղŵķƱóһסˣƱһǧˣˢԺСƱȴֻ߰١æ¸˳ˡ
᲻Ա߷Աˣ˵
ӦòܰɣƱСƱһݲ֮ԱͷԱ˶ûʵ


ٶʮ ˲
һͲ󣬶Ƶ⻰е˵ĻǾֻһֿˣ˸Żˡ
뵽Ժһе㲻ˣμ棬ô˼˼Ĵأ߰ٿǮҲǾƺͲ˵ĳɱܾۡòףҲʱٽȥǮϣĻе̫ˡһ뵽̸ϵһ£µ׸ô죬ŵʱľҲӦˡ
뵽Ժһ϶ˣʺƳԷҪأղ̸ڣһֱûлᣬֻʣˡ
һӣԺ˵պȹƣҸطȵ衣
ʺƶ֪һǳԷһ˵˵ԺȷʵҪҸطѾƣȻͷͬˡ
һѳϳԺֱ˶·ǰһĲ跻ֱһ̣ѳ˹ȥ
˽ȥԺ󣬷⵹һڣȻ࣬ǻǲģƹⲻ̫ǿҲսǴߵ϶һЩɫֲ˿ȥ
߰ýһС䣬Ȳ裬ȻҪ̸԰ΪʣһԭȻǴӲ跻ĽǶȥǵģЩꡢģɶѵġ
Ժߵһ͵һûнӣֱ˵һһҪƷģСԣ㿴Ű죬ˣҪ÷ʲôģǿɲЩ⡣
һ˿ھǼƷļˣ˵ͷһ·СŹȥˡһṦԱͰҪĶˣȻǴţת뿪ˡ
ʺƶһۣ˶ӶԷ￴ЩжһǸϸĵˣȻǵǷֱϲʲô裬Ҳһᶨ佻õһ£ᣬڣ˼ϸ壬ڹٳѵ첻ҲǼ˹ˡ
ĲΪԼıﵹϲ裬һڲʵǰ棬Ϊ˵ıֱ裬óһɢһ֧˶Ĭͳϻ
һԺ󣬲ʶһ˵һֵܣʲôֱ˵Ǹ֮仹ʲô˵أ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵ܸ磬⻰˵ҵȥˣΪֵ֮ûʲôɹǵģҲŰλϴԼġ
ǺǣһѽȻ˵ˣʲôֱ˵ֻҪҺܸܰæģһʧġ֣ص˵
ллλϸΡһ˵ʵҲʲô£һ˵ѧϰѧԱͨķ
һͰ̸꿶˵Ļֱ˵˲ʺȴû˵˭˵ģĻͻᱩ¶̸֮ĹϵȻ֮䲢ûֹϵһЩСǴڵģἰԷ
ʺһĻߣֱӿƺƳ治ǸСҲҪƣСһ
Ƚ侲һԺ˵ǲ֪Ͱˣ֪һ⣬취ˣҪȻĻʵʲҲ̫۸ˡ
һ˵ıһҲ⣬˵ȺۣʱϢԺҲǷ߷߲ƽԸ࣬ʺı֣ҲͲΪˡ
һ̵̻ҸԶ˵λϸ磬һ£ǲǿԴ֮ȪۣǱϾǵУѧԱܲƺƳɣǾҪĺá
һĻԺ󣬶ʶص˵ͷʵӱȽϼֱӿʵһѽǲʲô뷨ˣ˵һ¡
⻰ԺһҲûƳ٣ֱӰ뷨˵˳ʺ󣬶ûڿڣɫص˼һ״Ҳż˵ıˮȴǵĻش
͵ؿ˵㲻һĻǲܱ֤յĽǻջǱѡˣǲϹӵư׷𣿡
һشܸ磬ûиҵ㣬ʵҶ˭ѡѧԱû˵ģǵǻѡˣҲûκԹԡԵľƺƳɵղ˵ӬͷСŹ̫صˡ
ŶһȻĿͶ䵽Ƶϣ˵ʵʮ޳һ˵Ȼ˼ȥˣȴûκջǲ˲ƺе㲻ϰͷԭ
һĻԺ˼һȻ˵һϵܣ֧뷨ԵĲ˭ѧԱĳƺţƺƳջȳ²ֵ
һƵĻԺص˵ͷ
ʼ״ε˵ȻҶǺͬǶÿУҲûκҾȥ֮ȪϴεǸ鲻ӦֲС뷽跨ԼǳԷأԭ⵵棬Ӳˣǵԣ뵱ѡѧԱȥɡ
˲ʵĻԺһ˵ܸ磬ҿ棬ǣͷ̧ͷȥĻܹ鲻̫á
ʲôһɣµֲҡʴ˵
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Ǻǣңңлллл½Ԫƽ˵룬ĶҳԴϰķ¼ˣֻҪҾոˡ


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Ҷϵ绰Ժ½Ԫƽæһ绰ΰӣôӳİ칫һˡ
Ȼղ˵Դӹȥ⻰Ҳ˵˵ˣġôҲһ֮ôΪСȥһأΰӳԺȴؽһǿϼ쵼ģȥһˡ
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˴ԼʮԺҵʮ¶ʮġһʮʮ󲥷ţȻʮʮķֵʱ֮Ȫ§һŮ˳˻ϣŲʺƱˡ


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һĻ˽糿һĪԭˡʱ˵ѧԱ飬˵ȥ취˼ǽϴξýƵ꿪飬ȥƺƳɣ¿ѧԺѡ⡣һһǰĻɣȥƺƳɵĸǰ߷磬һѧԱΪһŵˣȻмɣҲ֮ˡ
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Ժ̸꿷ˣһҪ뷽跨һ֪ˣҪ֣صԼǸȻ󡭡
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̸꿺ߵصͷæĸ׵ķ˳Ķ߻ʣ˼


ٶʮ ̸꿵Ŭϣ
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ȥʱĳһ㣬ϰ廹ΪҪʲôСҩ֮ģһƼ˺ö֡
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״ԺƺƳɲٺҼˣԺ˵̸ΣʲôͿ˵ɣ⻹ȥأ
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֮ǰ֮ȪΪڴѵѧԱ뷨ƺƳֻУǰ¶һ£ϾҪɹٲǵ֧֡벻̶ʱ䣬ȻѾڵУ洫ˣ÷ŭǣ̸꿾ȻҲ̫УˣȻҪóһ


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뵽Ժ̸꿿ĵóĦгԿףϰؼȥˡ


ٶʮ Ųң
ʱƺ֮Ȫ뵳УԶһСƹȻ뵳УܽʵȴǳƫƧģһСˡ˶˷֣ʶѡһķݡ
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ͨؽԺЦ˵ôϵܻŲңҪҸдʲôĻƺΪ
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֮Ȫ⻰ԺɫʱҰҲ˵˰쾢ҲֻǰƸ㶨ˣǻһأ
ƿ֮Ȫ˼˵ʱҺϲҲһ飬˼˶ǵģ֮ǰʶֵһ㣬֮ǰ£֪ôģתһ


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ԷȻᵽ˲ʵ飬Ȼʶȡһ룬һĻصԺӦҲҸʹʲôӡܲδþһС˵ţܹ鲻Ǽ顣
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̸̸ԺȻûٴСݵıҪˣ֮Ȫ굥ԺһЦǺǵȥ·ཻһ㡣
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һԺ̸꿵˼ٴλصĳϣ֮ȥŵ˵ΪǸˣҪȻùѧԱ顣ÿڵѵ࣬ǿıԸ·һ£ƺƳɶģڵУ沢ʲôܡ
ղĴŵ̴ŴֻҪһΣʹˣʲôʱ򣬲һչ̸֣꿴ʱһҲûС
磬֮ȪȻƺƳˣ˸˼ôԷڡ
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ƺƳ֮ȪĻԺ˵ֱԷȻ˵һҪ֪ǰʱ䣬Լֱ˵ҪǸѧԱתδҲ̫һɡ


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ƺƳɾȷһ£գһԺСӲˣһĻͱˡ˶ԷһԺƺƳ˵֮Ȫ˼˵㲻ҪѧԱˣǰɣ
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̸Ц˵Уģ̸ȻһŮӣҲָ֪ôдֻҪԺڹϸرĹգҾһȥ¼ˣʱһԺ˵Ƕǲˡ
ƺƳⷬԺҲģֱ˵绰̸ֻͲ洫æЦŽӶһȡȻֻһߣ룬һɵϣһ仰ܰתˣ֮ǰźģӽˮˡ
ƺƳҪ̸֪꿴ʱ뷨֪θ룿
֮ȪصԺǿʯͷ˵ءȻƺƳɺıе죬ֻҪʵĿ꣬ҲϾ˼ˡ֮Ȫ˵綯Ȼһ֧̣ݺݵسԺóֻƵĺ룬ȻԷ˹ȥ
֮Ȫ򵥵˵һ䣬磬ѾˡҲûѰʵף֮ȪƺƳɵĹϵֻҪԷԸȥ¾ͲɣԴʱȻûжѯʵıҪ
ƳĬԺڵ绰Լ˵֮ȪϵܣģŵģһҲ飬Ǿ͵û㿴ô
ãȻһˬˣ飬СܼˣԺõҵĵطֻһˡ֮ȪĻУżָж澿мģǾͲö֪ˡ
ί䣬͹Ҷ˵绰


ʮ 滮δ
ͮϴ裬Ժڴ绰ʵ˭ѽ˵ʲôأ
ǺǣУ飬ôҲȤƱ˵ڶԷβ¡
ŲЩأȥϴ衣ͮƷβ֣дߴٵ
ôȲѽٺ٣Ц˵ȥԺ·׼
ͮ⻰ԺߺתȥֻȴһһŽŽϵ¿ۡ׼ֱӴԡ۳ģ뻹е㲻˼֪Ӧôڻʡء
ӵƵ绰ʱѾǰ˵ӵˣԷ˵֮ȪѾϢ˵¸㶨ˣһҲǿģͶԷԺ͹Ҷ˵绰ڵ绰Ů˵µһǺͮһأһֵǧȻˡ
һհֻͻȻཱུһǷʳҵĺ룬æ˽֣Ժæʺ֣Ϻã趼Թ𣿡
һѽǳԹˣأ֣˼άǳȻûкȾơ
򵥵ʺԺ󣬾Ͳ⡣
֣ʵһѽѵҪ˰ɣԺʲô뷨ûУ
£һ⻰Ժһʵڹʱ⣬ֻһһڵģҲû˼ʡ͵⣬һ׼ҲûС
ԼˣһҲûʲô˼ֱӻش֣һûô⣬ôأġ
СѽҴ绰㣬ȻְƤ߹ˣǺǣ֣Ц˵
һһæһƨ֣ⲻΪհԶһҸܵҾͲȥϹ󹦷ˣĻҲԴ˷ѽ
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¬ȷʵһ֮ǰ뵽һʱȥĻһˣҪչĻȻܹҸְӡ꣬ҲŶʮ꣬ʮ겻ίǻسҲȷʵ̫һ㣬㵽ĸɸֳʲôģҲ۵ģԴʱʡͷѼȥΪȷѡ
ãȻҲͬţ͸¬绰öˡ֣ڵ绰ͷ˵
ãлл֣ҵˡһе˵
֣绰ȷʵһܸжû뵽飬̩ɽѾΪδˣĸҲͲ˰ɡ
֣ŮĻԺҲܿģͣԺЦ˵СӺһѽǺǣˣͲ֪ʡ㰲һʲôλã
һ⻰룬ҪʵĻһӣҲʣͰ಻סˣˣٺ٣˿ɵģΪӵһκ֣Ժʼմڱľ棬ò״һƵԷĻᣬȻġ
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ˣһֻѵүӿҵͼӦòѽҿʲôûб¶ѽһƵ
Ժٺ˼ҽʱһҪסþյĵĻпܻΪͬ㡣
ô֪ܲ¬İţǸղŵĴѾ˵ȥˣҲûôٵ绰ȥѯˣֻ취ˡ
֣֪ղǸ绰ϰִģҲ˵һȥ⡣˵绰æȲʵô˵УѧϰԺ󣬻㰲ŵĶȥ
е⣬ǶԷҲϲţ֯Ůʽط־ӣο׼Ҫӣʱ͸Ըɷֿˡ
һҲ֪ӵ£ӦþʹӦˣ˵ܻʡҰһλá
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һ󣬿˵ĶҲ֪û˼ʡ
ѽôҪ飬Ȼʡ֣Թ漴ֻ׼ϰִȥ
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ϹǲǿˣĶѽءء֣ʱ;촽ѱסҲܷˡ
ڶһ磬һУʱ򣬾Ȼٵһӻࡣ֮ѽһΣֻʱ򣬷˻ں˯ʱ򣬿ʱѾߵˣһæԺ󣬲ŸԿȥѧУ͵̨
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һԺ󣬰֣ѵѧԱɴѡٲϢԺ˶Żɵ̬ȣ˴ȤΣǲȻУȥѽ
⻰һȫ໩Ȼ
ȻҲóе˼æ֣صػشҷģУѾ˵ˣѡѧԱֻûмСʱǽѡ٣ȻֳƱƱߣΪѵѧԱϧᣬͨɣ
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극Ժ˻һо԰Ƽҵϰæ÷ԱǿĲүȻá
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ԺһæȣŻͲ˵֣ҵ˼Ѿ䣬ٵȻŹȥء
֣ɷĻԺ󣬴󺹲ѣ룬ⲻԽԽڶԷԼĸףҲĳ˷ϻˣֱȥ
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ʮ ׼Ʒ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһæңϢӡǸҪ㣬ĿǰһѾץסˣʣµ飬ǵ֯Ժ󣬺úøɳһˡ
֣ԺҲΪɷˣźǣ֣Ҳûȥ֯ĸʡί֯ĸ֮仹еģҲһȥݷ¬ʱ򣬾֪ˡ
˵һƬãǹرֻԺ󣬾׼ˡʱʱ仹磬˵ĸ۵Ĵ绰ĻɨˣΪֹһ˶ѡ˹ػ
һṦ򣬷˵ǳԽԽֱһͺһУνĬ
˵˵ûҲǻгɹһҪأ⻰ףһԺ󣬾ͿԼ
Ժ֣ƽڴϺһᣬǴķڻеġɨս飬ͽһˣã̫ӵģһ͸㶨ˡ֣ϢʮԺȻȥ䣬ٻҵʱıѾһƽˡ
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˺һᣬҲûоһһȥǾ̵ģӦøо飬ģӦǸѡ
֣ҲͬɷľΪò˵ľ飬ȷʵԸ㶨££˵ȷʵǿеġ
һڶһ磬ͺȡϵ߶ԷҪȥһܲܰƿþƣڼ۸ʲôģÿǡ
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һҲûʲôˣһлԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
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һǺƣֻһƿ֪һֵƣԷֻƿġ
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⻰Ժ󣬲ˣһһԺ˵㳶ʲôأһƿƶѣѵҴүŪΪǮġ
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ŶһӵĻȤæʵ⾿ʲôѽôһ˵ӡ
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Ժһ˲⣬Ҷأһķ֮ȻЩġһæұʾлһȦûҵʣƴһ£֪ѾȥĲﶩˣپһж


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շµ绰ԺæƨƨߵУȥôõĻᣬôܲȥƺƳһ¹أ
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ƺƳˮŭʦû¶нѧҵѧУĹǸɣҪæųԳԺȺȵ¡Ļɾ͹ѧУ쵼һ
УҡҡƺƳɵĻԺսͰ͵ز֪˵ʲôˡ˼ҵѡѧԱͬѧ͵У쵼ʦԶٷòûʲôѽôУͳ˲ľٶأ
ƺƳҲյķӦֱӳ˵ʦûʲôµĻȳȥɣ⻹е顣ϣ˼쵼ԷͲȥˣȥһŸУͬ־ɣʱĻȥһ°ɣ
ƺƳ֮԰ѻеֻΪҲָղ˵еˣûһУ֮ɲȣһ䣬ֲһ¡ƺƳ֮ǰѾһ֮û꣬ڻʱܰС¶ϣĻֻݾߣɲϣĽ
ƺƳɵ仰ԺŰҪȻ治֪ǲǸȥ֪ͨ쵼ˡУȻ鲻ðȻһУǲƺƳɼȻˣͺðˣĵصһټԺæУ˳治ٴȥˣһƺƳɸıˣɾͱˡ
һϵԺָ˸绰Һһл̣֮ǰˣ׼ơʡܷӺͻ¸ԶÿһΪѧԱɳ˲Ȼһ˵ʲôٱһݸл֮顣
⻰ԺæʵҪô̾Ƹʲô
һͰһ˵ѡѧԱ׼͵飬˵˶ԷⱾͲһʲôҪܵ飬ټĹϵǣûıҪ
ûʮԺſ˵һô𣿡
ʲôһһ㶣ʵ׹Է⻰ָĸ棬ͣ̾ơ
Ҳ˶Էɻֱ˵ҵ˼ǣ͵ĻУҺģҪǴȥĻƺ̫ðɣرΪѧԱ飬Ҫ˿ǲˬʱƬʲôģһӣĻǿɾͱˡ
һĻԺֻͷ亹ֱðֻǵϳԷʱϵ㵵Σ͹سƵһƬģΪҪĶˡæ˵Σлѣɴһûⷽ룬ڱһ˵ͷ亹
ˣǺ飬ԻǱġĵ˵ΪԼһ⡣
һһԺ˵Ǿ͸Ҹ佣ϴɣҪӲģģá
Ц˵Уһ͹ȥ
ø͹ˣЩҵķֺ֧ϴεƿƣˡһһ䡣
ãģһõġ˵ȷʵе飬ø˸͹ȥƱҷŷ棬װ̵ϴ
ãлˣһҲ˵ֱӹҶ˵绰
һ֧ԺúƽϢһ¼飬ղת˲֮㷸´ȻǳһƬģѹøһ㣬õĻȷʵһ鷳¡һĻûаϹسƣк˶Է˼ŵĻûʲô⣬ǵݡλӦòˡ
һ֪ƿ϶ٲ˵ģǴһ绰ȥ˵һ£Ȼ߶ԷһǻزȥˣסڵУˡֳ֣֪ϣΪĻҪǲſµĻԵòƵģſǱġҲûж˵ʲôֻǶɷٺȵ㣬ںȾ֮ǰҵ㶫ԣһ¶ӡ
ϳԷʱ򣬵Уֻһһ㣬мѧԱҲûйһһ£ƺƳɺ֮ȪûйĬĬؼϣûкκ˵
Уˣ̸꿺һŮ磬һֻǵλǽ̵Σʲôʲôȴǲˡ̸꿽ܿģһ⣬ɫĶ̼пǱɫ˿Ǻɫ˿ȹȥѾˣټϺɫͲ˿ĳУɱ


ʮ װֻΪ
Դһ˲ɢԺһûټ̸꿡һо֮УΪֹ˿֮Ĺϵֻǿʼʱ򣬹һкҲûпˡ
̸ںߵͬ¶֮ʣ۾ʱʱԶæµѵһﰵ룬㻹֪ɣѧԱɻҵĹͣǸﳪһ㣬Ҳҵһ롣
̸꿡̸꿣ʲôأͬʵȻ˳ĿǰȥһӰ̸꿵Ķߵʵڿ˧ѽٺ٣ǲ˼ˣҪվһĻͦġ
̸һƬߺ죬æ͵ƽ㣬˵ʲôأڿŸУǹˣ˵ʲô߰ģĪ˼뷨
Ҷ˭뷨ѽŮʵȻûпô֪Ҹղ˵˭أ㿴Сģ˵˰ɣ
̸һˣ汻˼ҿˣûᵽ˵ģҲܾʹ˳ϣĻɾʵˡ
뵽Ժæ˵ƽ㣬ûУȡЦˣҪ˵ĻҾȥУйˡ
ãݣҲ˵ˡ¼ŵļһʱֻȹһĸǰתƣƲѡ
ԭŸУ̸˱ŸĿ˻µϣŮ˳û̸⣬ҲڶԷΪӽΪӦø׸㶨һ㡣˭֪ԸΥ˼ҶԲǵġ
̸꿺ͻ˵䣬ŸУѾ˹һҪ̸Ӳǲ׼ģŵģʱʡûû˵ľڿȻҲˡ
ŸУͻ´Ժ̸꿾ͽųˣ۾ֱӸһתʱʱػҪعͷһ£ʡֱԷ
һԺ˶ˣǱſϯˡһ͹سƹŸУԵȥ˵䣬ȻҾͿˡ
ŸУܿģƺƳɲڵʱرĺãټϻ¾ߣĵõ̶ȵ㡣ȴǲˬһʱ˸ڣһߵɳϢ˺þãֱʱ򣬲
ڲ˹ŸУƣҲûע⵽µı֣Ϊֻһϴּģ֮Ҳҹ͵˼㡣
һҲܿģѧԱȻ˵ʲô⣬ҲͶɹҲҵšǾ˵Ŭˣδػɹ㲻Ŭһɹ
͹سһǽǣȻٺȡһȻܺȣɲǳӢ۵ʱ˵úҲܲס˶ѽ߰˷־ʱװʤſϡ
Ҽ״Ȼûٺȵĵǰеڻ𶼶׼˹سơһṦ򣬹سҲˣʱǲŸڧ
ʱƺͲʼһȶˣǾͰȥˣҶ֪֮ĹϵҲΪ⡣
̸꿺ͻһԺװ͵жõӣͼػ˷ꡣҪŸУббˣŵæһ⳵֮ˡѵʱɫԵģڽ־ƾɳʲô³أԻѡʮΪϡ
̸꿼ϴּĥһᣬٳʱ򣬼УѾȫˣҲѾſˣѧԱҲߵòˣмƺȶ˵ģ۾ں٩ء
첽ߵһǰȻǺȶˣ÷ԱһëȻĶͷϡ
һȻߡ˷ֵľ⣬ͷԻģ̸߹ʱѾˣȴֳܱҪĻղݵǳϷɾ·ˣ˵Ҳ뿴̸꿻ʲôı֡
˷ֱԺһʼʱȻǺе㶯ҡˡΪһˣ̸֪꿶꣬ΪһŮˣӦòɵһǰ˵ȥһ˵Ļ
е㻳ɣڽڵ̫࣬ټҲ̫ȥ̸꿣һͽĬĬطýῴ̸꿵ı֣ҲƳ
ƺͲԺһ𵽰̨ǽˡһ֮ǰͰĿ˲ʣ˶Է룬һ׼Ĺʿ沢ûǮ˵ˣǾŵùģԺǷġ
˸һԺ׼һʱ򣬷иŮ߷̣ٶһȻǵУ̸꿡˵ʵϴһȥ˽˳ԷʱǾͿ̸꿺һ֮Ĺϵе㲻ԾһĻ֤ǵĲ²⡣
˻ʹһɫһ̧ȥ˼ŮϣٹȥĻǿɾͶˡ
̸꿵˼ȫһϣԲûע⵽ΧֱԱѣŷòƳ⣬ΧһӰҲûˡ̸ŵһֱʶΪһһͻġ֪һһСȺ壬塢ˣ緹һԡھȻû˹⻹дֲ֮С
һʼʱװ˯ƾˣټ̸꿸һëڶͷȷʵ˺ܶ࣬Բ֪ؾ˯˹ȥ
̸һ£ͲˣȰŪϳ˵÷ԱŰһܵ˳ǰȻ´˳Կף˳ţֱ÷ԱŽ˳ϡ
һʱѾģģˣͷȷʵҲŵʱ뷨Ҫ̸꿾ôô
̸꿴ųԺˣǸȥĶأ˵õľǰ͵ȥİ취ȴ򲻿еġһ£һУΣһŮˣȻһ˹˺þԺ󣬲ŰһͻᡣѧԱΪ֮ûʲôϵ¶ѡ


ʮ ˼
ȻȥᣬʣµľǰһͻؼȥˡƲ̸꿲ʶһ̸һŮһƵ˻ؼң˼ҵӴԺ󣬼龰Ҫ侲ѣпܻ취ȻҲвͨǾôأ̸ץ֮С
̸͵뵽ϴƵʱһǴȥһ䷿ͷʾʱ˿̡˾ƺûбõİ취ˡ
Ժ̸Ҳԥˣⷹſڴſɲһ£ϾڵУ棬˵ĸ˵۾ˡ䲻⣬ɲһʲô鷳
·Ժ̸ַˣȥĶأϤļұݡƵ϶УԿηѽ˵ôˣǹйŮ˵ʲôҲûУƾԲšͬʱЩȽϵεľƵҲУЩԷɶмأһ˭⵽ǿɾˡ
岻֮ʣ͵ϴһȥǼҲıݣλñȽƫƧǶĻҲͦġ
ȷĿԺ̸һţɣɾѸٵش˳ȥ̸ʶһ⳵ɲУϽݴŵ㣬⶯ɲһǿȫǵһλģҪڳʲôµĻǿɾˣĭӾܰ˸
һʱѾѹ̸͵һ𲽣һ̽Է뷨ô˵ֵǮġ̸꿵ٶŷĵؼװȥ
̸꿹϶·Ժһֱǰǵú˲ׯ߼Ժ󣬾ͿԿýƵˣǰ濪ңǺˡ
ϴκƺƳɹʱǳţټ˶еΣһ·϶ûô˵ΣͰעе·ߵĽϣ·ǵ÷ǳ
˺Ժ̸꿰ѳͣͣλϣȻӦûʲôʶһĳΪһСһȽϰȫ̸Ƚȥһ䷿Ȼ÷ԱŰһŪ˷档
ʱһûװǺǸСӵĶǰţǸԱе֣˲Ǻô֪Լ·أȻɻ󣬵Ҳû˵ֻҪ˼סǮˣģͲҪˡ
ԱһŵԺ󣬾ת뿪ˡ̸꿴ʱۻˣһۣһţǵı˿ôˣһҪ֪ĻǿԿ
̸ϢһԺóֻһ绰ؼңûвؼҵĴ㣬֮ǰҲûš
绰ͨԺ̸˵Ժ󣬻ԼһˣԽͲȥˣŮ˯ˡ
һһYYѵڰʾԼʲôתһ룬֣ˡ̸꿵ʱһʲôĻҲˡ
̸꿴绰Ժ͵һ顣ߵһǰ´ûУֽұߵ´ʱһǳĳ˺ܲᵽʲô
̸һұߵ´ֻһ沢ûδӵ绰ǶţŷղŵĵһӺϵǿһ鷳¡ҪǶԷ绰Ļô죬ӻǲӣӿ϶ǲУĻǶԷһܵɷƺҲ׵һ̸ֱ꿣ҹ뾪ѵʱ˼ţһֱòһֻûг
һһֱ۾۲̸꿵ı֣ƺе㲻ףʱѾﻢˡܲ߶ԷҾûкȶ࣬ղǹƭģƤȻ񣬵Ҳûк˵ز
̸꿰һֻһߣԲܹػĻһĻ͸˵ˡȻʱ޷ҲͲȥˣȥһë׼Ūȵģһ룬ҲˣģЧӦøá
̸ŪëԺֱӷһĶͷϣĳֱп಻Ȼе⣬޴󰭣Էһ㣬еܲ˵ĸоӦһҲͰˡ
̸꿼һüͷһ壬æͷĶʵһôǲرܣ
Ժ󣬳ϵŦۼ϶ˣһĽǶÿһķ⡣òƱϴλҪ̼ȻǵɫģһĳЩλ˷ӦһæĿ𴦣ȥĻҪһܾͻ¶ˡ
̸꿼ԷȻûлش𣬵ϵıҲָŷֱӣסǰ˿ȥ
ֱΪֹ㲻ˣһʲô̬ȣһҪǼĻ;ģʱͻ٣ʱĪ졣
̸꿻һĵ׵ܣ˭Ҳû˵Դϴκһ˽һҹԺεʱ򣬾ͻᾭεԷеߵǣ˾Ȼ¡ÿʱ򣬾ͻ˷ܶתһ緹ĸܹΪ岻ôˣǲ̫ˡ
̸꿾Ժ󣬼һĸף޲ҵطȥ
̸ĸҲû⣬֪ŮŮĹϵܲãòкüûһˡҲǹˣ֪ŮǷǳҪʱʲôٶҲϡ档


ʮ ͵ǵĽ
̸εԼǲǾǰ飬Ļڸĸ֡꣬ҵĸͬһ湤Ǹѧʱ򣬻Ͷˣ̸ȥ˴ѧַڵУ湤̸ŮϢˣҲ˼ףķҿԣż˵Ļ¸ˣ̸ڸղμӹͼΪ˸ˡ
ʼʱɷϣָôһ¡ڽ֮ǰ˶ĲҲҵҲŬҪã˭֪ԸΥʧˣҲˡ˺Ժ֮ͬ·ˣɷ̸֪ˣҲŲʣֻҪʱǮˡ̸Ҳֵɣ֮䵹Ҳల¡
̸ʮˣûгζڶһָоô£ﻹ治ǺΪˣһ»£֧˰죬Ҳû˵һȻ̸꿻Ƿ֮ĸҲһ㣬ֻ⻰û˵
һã̸͵زһ뷨Ǿ͵ǶԷһ¡һͷһðߵͨ죬Ҫգһͷ漴ͷвһ£ûеڣĻҲˣֻҪԼ˵û֪ġ
һҵ˼붷Ժ̸꿻Ǿһ¡صͷĿ飬ߺ죬촽һ
ղż̸ڷһҲͷ˾裬۾Ƕһ򿴣еĿͻȻһоһϣһţ۾΢΢һ죬ͻȻ̸꿵ǰһæ۾±ϡ
һܲ룬ǸʲôأѵҪ뵽Ժе㲻ȷ˵ʵڵȷʵҪȻĻڰ촽ؿԼأ
һĳ֮ʣ̸꿵촽Ѿմһ£Сһģġ
̸Ժһ㣬Ѹֱӣһ±˿Ƶġ˴˿ڱݵķʱЦ˵飬һû
һֶԷȻ͵ĶѣĽǶȿȥ˿̸̣꿵ǰԵøΰ˸ӲĳЩλô
̸꿴˿ڸղ͵ǵϲУ⣬ѾǲĶˡΪ̰ĵĶ֮һ⻰һû̸꿴ʱġҪӴһ㣬ϷѾˣɴֱӱҪĿȥܴ⣬ʵʩʱ򣬻Ǻܲе㵣СĻ᲻ɤĳ
һ̸꿾Ȼֵͷˣ룬ôѽˣҪٹĻǿɾͱˣ¸£
Ҳ֪֪һĴ㣬Լо˲ף̸ǰһʱͻȻͣסˡһپһʧ̸꿻һԺ󣬾Ȼֿʼжˣеϲѡ
һΪ̸꿻ϴһ׼һڵģѾ˶ԲߡȶԷʱװ˳һ̣ǲǰĿꡣеĻҲŶԷһԺһ۾պˣе㲻϶ۿŶԷƽʱǲסҪĻǿɾ¶ˣԱ۾ȫġ
˺һᣬҲ̸ʲôһе㲻ˣֲ۾ΪѾо˶Էĺ˵̸꿾ǰҪһ۾ĻϷȥˡ
̸꿴˿̽ŵ˼㣬ղźǿȴе㺦ˣһĽëƺǶͣﰵ룬Էǲˣװ˯ҪĻĻǲҪˣеùĵ˼ˡתһ룬ҪǶԷŵĻԼĻǵǸãʡûҪһᡣ
뵽Ժ̸꿲ԥ׼ĿԺ۾ȻԸеĺ촽Է촽Ͽȥ
һʱעҲϣղŶԷ͵ϮͻȻеϲԾˣƺһࡢȺĶôأһĻûô£̸Ѿ˱ˣʱôˡ
⡭δ̫һ˰ɣһе㲻ˣʶذ֮ǰ뷨͵һֱӰſȥͬʱһ§ס̸꿣ǳɺϵǣǡ˶Էǰһɽϡ󺹲ѣʱȻ̧֣Ļɾͱɹˣ˵ʵĸоҲ治ɿⶫžͺˣϵĸоǲԶˣԴ˿е᲻÷֡
̸꿴˿ʯһ㣬˺һԺҲûףôģһ㣬Ǵ˿̲ܶҪǶ˵Ļ˵һѣĻԿԷĪһ䣬ô굽ҵĻˣĻ̸ײǽ˼ˡ
̸꿿ʼʱ򣬻û⣬òĳ˵ѹɽ֮ϣһ֣ߵ࣬ôأڣ˵̫ˣ˼ҷ˯ҲͲ˰ɣ
̸Ȼе㲻ϰߣ֮Ϯͷ˫ȶԽԽˣ·ĳЩλҲʪ֮ˡΣѵǴ˵еķ̸ʶ뵽ʣΪǼŮ֮侭˵ȥԷ̸ܵʵ壬һ˲֮С
ʮԺһԭȵĿ֣оʹ࣬ΪģڶԷǰһܶټֱۻڰգоˡҧ˺üԺʵ޿ˣôأ
һʼڤ˼õİ취ֱӰֳĻֲģò̽磬˳Ļȥɾˡ˵ղŶԷ͵£ɻû̹أ


ʮ ʹħ
ͷԸתһԺһ⡣£Ȼ̧̧漴ָŶ
̸꿼״һģҪǶԷʲôɶĻͿԽͳħצˡȻҲܣܹе㺦ߣһԷĻе޵֮С
̸꿷һ̧ʱ׼˭֪Է־͵ȥ֪ƶԭ򣬻ǶԷֱŲλã¾Ȼǳ׼ȷһɽϣƵǣֻħצȻץһ£۵ʧ˳ڽһԺ󣬶ԷûʲôĶҪȻ̸޿ˡ
̸е㻳ĳǲѾˣ׽ŪطתӣŶԷ۾ȥԺʧˣΪʵڱ𲻳һǾˣǹװ˯ֻεתȥΪӣʵ̫ˡ
һ̸꿵ıȫʼʱ浣ĶԷþֻɵûĶҲͷˣ̹Ȼغ˯ղźͶԷŪһᣬټҲеϷһṦһ˯ˡ
߾ȵ̸꿷ָղŴֶԷˣȻǹģǵĻôôʹأ̸׼ٵһᣬöԷ˯øһ㣬ĵذֻħצÿȻȥһ䡣һһէģټһһ˷֮УĳЩλľ״ˣֻʪǼ괺ԺĸоΪơ
̸꿴ԺҲżˣ۾¡ʱѾˣһԺҲˣ˭֪֪ؾҲ˯ˡ

̸ѹʱ򣬷ִѾˣһӦˣ׼ֱӣͻȻϾȻͬѹǧһ㡣ͷȥ˿Ÿ״һڻ˶ѹϣұ۷زɺ޵һȾȻѹϣϥɲɵöϵΪҪλ
һԺ̸꿴һˢһӺ쵽˲ӸæһϿȥʶΪ¶Էģǻˡ
һıʱŰȻһ˯е˫΢գȣ߾Ȼһؿˮӡ̸꿿󣬿һЦͬͯһ㣬ֱۺϥǴĳЩγǿҵķѵǴ˵еʹħ
ȷһ˯Ժ̸ﰵ뵽Ҫ̬֮ԷĻ֪ô룬ô׼ŲԷӣģ˸ղŵǸͷԺֲ׼ȥˣ԰һĻȥѾˣҲٿһˡ
̸꿷ǳĵ˯˹ȥóʱûһ˱˯ˣ⻹һѾõˣоĲҪ̫ѽʮҵʱ䣬̸΢Ц˯˹ȥ˯ú𡢺㡣
һʱѴ˾ȥ˯ʵڣҪ򼱵ĻһʱᶼѲ
Ժ󣬼һŮˣʶΪ֣ջظ첲ͬʱزȥһѵʱǺ˷ܣһȻҲ⣬ôɵģ֣ˣʱҲĻͻ˶顣
ɽԺһͷ˵һô£ŮȻ֣ԼŵһȻȻҲڲ׳һģͻеŮȣҪѷһԺһĵһǰ˻һ˸Ϊص⣬ȵϥǴ˿̾Ȼ˼ҵǸλһپֺε֮УæҲջͷҲ˳
̸һһʱ򣬾Ѿˣ˿̶ԷѾˣȴе㲻⣬ʲô˼Ҫ׼ʲô𣿺Է紥̸֣꿲֪ղų˱˵ƷˣһŨŨĴ⡣
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Ѿˣʱ˼Ҳ壬ʱ̸ҪǱĻΡ뵽ԺһҴ´ȥ
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һԺʹطˮԺ󣬸оͷˣô졣Ŀǰƣװûһˣ˵ҲԸ
һ֧Ժʼ˼Ȼ֮䲢ûзʵԵĹϵǱҲˣҲˣȻװûһ㣬ͷߣ
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ҪȥԺ󣬶ԷʲôҲ˵ĻҲԼһʱú̸һ̸˵̸ݣղЩ
Ҳ˵ͽԺһ˺̸꿺ú̸һ̸˵뷨ֻǷʲôʱ䣬ʲôط⡣


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ԺˢϴȻֱӴ˳ȥ
ʱ̸Ѿˣ׼´ղҲˣôװ˯Ҳһ飬ܵʱһ˵ĻȻѲѣӲװ˯Ļ
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̸꿴˿˼ղͿһ£֪һأҲû⣬͵Է⻰ǳһҿԷֻһȻһصͷȥ
һ˶ԷıҲһΣԾֱߵǰƿ˰ȴһ֧̣еس
̸꿽ԺŵһζһξԺŵ⵭̲ζһַǳĸоòǰڼʱŵǶĹɷϵζֻһŻ֮Сѵ˵ζ֮仹̸֮Ҳе㲻ȷˡ
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վǰϸԼɫߺ죬𪣬زʣƽ˵طǾĿܼ֮ˣǰģһʮŮ˵ѾܲףҲ˼š
ϲ̸ʣȴ벻𰸣ֻǸ˲ܸȻ֪ɲֱȥʡΪֹ޷ȷԷı־Ļ⡣ڶ˵Ҫһ̽ȻΪ˽ȥҶԷģʱĸоܶԷĻ⣬ܡ
ҪжϳԷ̬ȣĵģ˵Է˼ģģȻ͸ˡĹؼ㲻Էı־һ֡еԼʱô˯أҪǶʱĻҲܿеŵϧ
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һŮͬ˼öԷȿڣȻԼŻĽ֪
̸꿴ʱһڿӣʵֻһӣעȫȽյĲϣɷϵ˵ʱҲһ˿šȻ̸֪꿲󳳴ֵģܹ˼ҲĵطˣöĵطҲˣʱװһ㣬ƺҲ̫ܡ
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Ŷ̸꿵ãԷȻ˵һ䣬мʧ֮УԷ˵Ҳȷʵе
ǵúһļҾŲԶĽ۾棬ҪٵȻᵽϰʱĻ˵ᱻӿĻɾͲˡ뵽һʱ̸꿲͵ؼһҹҲûԷֻ𣬿ǰ׵һ
һ̸ȵȥȻȥ˷̸ųԿ׹ԹԵհˡϴʱ֮ȷʵʲôҲûУԳȥʱ򣬺ֱ׳˳ûǼ⣬Ѿͷޡ֮ûʲôˣʶؾҪˡ
һʱ̸ڸֻղŴ򿪳ŵʱ붼ûֱԺе㲻ˣҪȥֵıһһԺ󣬻Ǿˡ˸ղŶѾˣǲڶ
ϳԺһֱӷ˳ӣ̸ߵû⣬òѾǵһˡ


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ӷʱһǰһ촩ĺһʽȹӣֻɫͬаеС֣ڵģջһôõġ
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һԺ̸꿾òô죬ֱһĸоΪ˷ֹʱ䣬ǸС¼ʹŴһŽİ
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һʵ뷨˾Ժ󣬶еΣԴʱҪ˵ʲôĻеĨӣ֮ǰȷõķ룬᲻۲۵ȥɵġҲ˵ڻ˵ʱ
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һѳͣԺ̸ȻǲᣬҲò³ˣܲڳϰɡƿ˳ţ׼Ųӣߴһ꿣ʲôʱҸʱúһģ㿴
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̸ʧеȻ漴˵ԸѽҵȻԸˡ
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뵽Ժһ˵У֪ˣҸʱ䣬ԷǺúġ
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ǵ¬ҵʱ򣬸ոʮ֣óֻһ绰ȥ¬ķ˵Ѿˣ˵ţֱӽ308ҡ
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ŶѽԺһҪһۣŮȷʵĻҲνеߵöˣĻҲȻһӵ
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һҲӵӺ֪һЩڴͳк͹㳡֮ϢûϸоѯȻҲϹ˵һԺشӦÿ԰ɣ濴Ǳ߳еǶܻ𱬣ֻҪһ׬Ǯ


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ѽҲġ϶ƱһԺ󣬼˵Ҳ⣬Щаģܹ鲻ǳ֮ʣ˵ЩץͦϡүѾҹңͨ뺣ڽ֮ڣϱߵȫͣˣȻĵڻҵǵҲˣϣǳ飬֮ǰǵ鷳ͦҲ׼ˣ׼ú÷չһ
һʶص˵ͷȻ˵ѽҲŮǾжĳϢؼƽ֡ϸ磬ֵܵĺ֧㣬ҿУӦܸ㡣
ţҳһ£иӦþͲˣôϵûȤһ£ֵһ㣬Ҳܸһ㡣˵
ΪټӵܣϺͺϺڹٳϣڡҵүڶλϣΧ˶Ƕǹһǵˣǿ¾ͻһˡ
һʱȻᣬְλҲߣǶδĿռǺܴģ䵱ǴԽ˵¬ڽݶӵĹǸĶѡǱɴʱٲ֣ʱأ
һϵĻԺĶѣȫ⣬ƲͳеͶǰ˵ʡίǵŮ⣬Ҫһ׵顣̧ͷһۣԷһӣڿЦһһԺ˵ϸ磬˵ģҿɲΪڿЦѽ
ϵܣ˵ʲôҽǷԷһΪþûˣһ̸һ̸顣˵ͣԺ󣬽˵ܴոİ㿴Ű죬ж٣ҪǻĻǾȥУⲻʲô¡
֮˵Ϊ֪һĳ֣ӦеϾʱûǵʱҲ˵ΪһӦò̫ǮΪ˷ֹԷⷽĹǣ˵˵ˣ¿ͶʣԴʱһͶǮ̫Ҫġ
һûκԥֱӶ˵ϸ磬ȻҲóɣҳ㿴вУһ£һҪǻĻһʶѣ˲˵򣬻ûġ
⻰һҲûпŵ˼ϺĻ˵򣬾ںټӸ㣬Ҳκ⡣
һĻסˣæҲĿһ֣ĵ״֪Ϲ֮ǰǸľ˾вٵĹɷݣǰʱ˵ĿǰѾٶķֺˡ⻰ԺһҲ֣мֵ֮顣
һĻɿʼ𾪣ת˲һļͥǺģ֣ǵĻӦҲòôһǮȻȻľе㵣ˣǮ·
ͷת룬ô˵ܰ˼Ϊ֮ʣȿˣ֣˵ѽһһѽز¶ѽ
֣ȻóԷ˼ɷĵٵģֳũ壬˭һóһЩ롣
ӣ˵֮ǰڵطʱ򣬺ӦҵĶӺϸһľ˾治ҲںСһʡ
СģѾ㹻˶ˡ⻰˵ԺϺͺϵı鶼ˣǻе㵣һǮ·ĻǾԲġ
ĹٳɻʲôǱ˭ɷҲʹĹԱ򽻵Ǳôţ棬Ҳȥѡ
ѾԺϷе㲻˼ϾƱЦ˵һһףǴӽȥЯֺ̺ڳһ
ãɱ˶͵
ͻֻԵسڣΪƵˣһߵԱеⲻȥˣھдҲһˣԶҲǼֲ֡
̸̸ˣ˿ʼרƴˣ֣ĺʼǿʼǸ߶ȣϿʼʱ֪˵׼ҪˣҲûǿĵˡ
ϡϷһһƽ֣ڶƿһʱʵڲˣٺȣƾҪ̱ˡ
һ״䣬ô˵ϵҪһ㣬ӻҪġϼ״æѾƿȥˡ˵Ļ֣Ůܺȡ
һԺ󣬱ˣһ֮ʣһ䣬Է飬ԷȴֻкߺߵķˡæŴӦһǰ绰һû⡣
һ֣ϵ״̬֪ûٴıҪˣưСʱ֮ڣҪˡͻǷȥչϹ
һ֣ϳԺ󣬹ͻþͻͷ¥ȥˣ֪Ǳ߻˵Ҫͻؼء
֣Ժ󣬺ضɷʣ״̬񲻴ѽϴҵʱôȶˣ
һĨһԺ˵ǴΣûѽǳս棬ֲͽˣҵĳֻˣҪǸĻһ治һͻ


ʮ ʽ
֣⻰Ժϸ룬ȷʵô£Ǻʵˣ㾿ܺȶپѽǽǺаˣҿûʲô
Ķ˵״̬һЦ˵˵ʵҵľжԼǺȻΣһЩ͹ԭģȣ˵ʵһûأ
֣бһۣ˵У˵֣ʹˡϣͶԷȥˣҪȻĳ˻ӵɪġ
ɣɻ복Ժ֣ͻȻ˵һղźϽ׼˺ϿһԺ㿴ô
Ǻѽ˵ʵʱڵ̨湤òģҵԸԼʲôʡŮ˵һĵ˵
֮ǰΪȥ֯ԺŮ˻Ϊ֣ģںϼȻһϿԺʲôģҲһ·̨ʵڴȥĻԼ⣬Ҳǲѡ
ڲҰܣȥ֯ҪǸҸĻһҪÿҲˣЩԽǵ͵ԽΪ۸أߣֻҪ£ҾԲŹ֣ŭ
һӵĻԺ󣬺ǿģֱ£Щȷʵڵ͵ǷͣݺݴԺӹ
ǰԺ֣͵ʲôƵģ˵ˣϴθǱߵķֺһɣҪȫͶϸĳȥˣߵԺɾ̸ˡϽ˵ҪͶһңһʮҿǸ޲׼ֻеϰ֡취ˣٺ٣֣˵⻰ʱһİõ̬֣÷ʱ򣬾˵ҪǮˣֻʱûʲôãҲûҪ
Ҳ׼Ͷ򡣡һĻԺ˵
㲻׼Ͷʣղôϸ˵ô϶֣ʵ
һһ֪ˣæ͵Ҳǲ׼Ͷʣֻ׼Ͷһ򣬻һøһͲˡ
ɷĻԺ֣סˣԺ󣬲ʳһΪʲô
ӣһȻûκαıҪһ£˵ѽݣܳõȥ
֣ʶҡҡͷ
һ˵ϸĺ⣬ˣ˲̰ģ׬СǮͲˣǱ߻лľ˾̫Ļ׳¡⣬ҰϸƺһҲ˦ƹˡе鶼Ӹ˵ʲôܹҪһĻѽҲͶǮӦõİ취ˡ
֣ͷ濴ɷһԺСһ䣬㾹ȻôĻǰܸˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬿񺹲ѡ
ڶ죬һͺϵһ£иƵĻᣬǲȤ󣬶û˵ͷӦˡڻû˵һҲûк˵ֻ̫࣬öԷ׼һķֺһʲôʱҪõĻٴ绰֪ͨ
Ȼ֪һ⾿ָʲôڶԶԷΣֻҪĻȥˡһԼȻҲ׼Ͷһ͸ûκλɵĵˣŵ绰˵Ǯ׼ãʲôʱҪãǰ绰ˡ
һ󣬺ǿĵعҶ˵绰ĵԭжһȻ㶨ˣڶ鵱УΣҪ˵Ƴ٣ѯʶûУֱӰˡΪ飬ΣҪǰᣬı֣һһŶ衣
ԷʱһѾԼ˵飬˴ҡ󶼺ܿģ¸Զ˵Ǳ߾֪ͨˡһ֪ԷǱһ飬Ҳûн⣬ͷͬˡ
죬Ҹ߶ҲˣӺ͹ܷҪöһ¡һĻһͰʱһ㣬¸ϣҲǱѵǰϡȻûʲô¾öˡ
̸꿵飬һֱһϣæԺĵһڿ£һ绰ȥ
ʱ̸ںһ̸˵һ룬͵Ƴһĵ绰æ˵ȹȥɣ̸ˣ˵ɡ
ǣдʱҪѽί˵
̸꿲ͷˣ˻֣˵ˣˣ⻹飬һ˵
ʱֱе״εĸоҲֲʱ䣬绰˵ڵȵˣĶ˼ȥ顣
Ҳ绰̸꿺ҪȻԷѾ˵ˣȻûбҪٴĥߴˣĻпܰ
̸꿰˴Ժ󣬸׼ӵ绰ȴѾʧˣλϡȻ΢һᣬԷҲ̫һ㣬ֻҪٵӣܽӵ绰ˡԹԺ̸е㲻ˣǻعȥǵȶԷٴˣԷˣָô죿
˺һԺǴ绰ȥϾղŶԷȴģΪ֮ͨ䣬ҲӦûظ绰ȥ
绰ͨԺһٵ˵һ䣬е飬һعȥκηӦҶ˵绰
⻰Ժ̸꿵ﷴһһʱ£ıֵġȻ˵Ļûʲôüƽϵˣеעȫϣǲɫŵֻ
̸꿸ղŵ뷨еԩһˣȻ׼ͶԷϵȻûа;ϵ˼ڴ绰ʱ͵طˣǼһ£ֻˡ̸ٴʱںͶԷ̸£Ȼӵ绰


ʮ ǲ
һе㲻˼Ҫе㲻ʹ죬Ҹġ֮鲻ãΪͮ顣ڣ֮ĹϵܺãѵۿҪˣԲòٷʵе㲻þһõѡҶԷġ
ƵĻԺһȴʲô˵ģô£÷ֵľ͵÷֣ΪŮ˽飬;ƣ˵̩ӦҲ̫Զһ£ҲǷѾ顣
ƵλѾˣص̩Ժ󣬽鳤˵ӦǸĽˡⱾһ˵飬ͮ棬еˡ
һúȰοһ˵Ӧ죬ҪʲôҪֻܿڡǳصһѣһϣΪС£ʲôҲǷδȻɣ
Ȼһ˼䣬˵վܹչġһԺ˵һҪϾһ۰ɣСͮǰ飬㿴ô
£һȻúýһ£Ҳ̫ͻȻһ㣬Ҵʱ̫þֻܾӲͷƤӦ
˸ո˵ѾϿˣһֻúһȥ
̸꿴ʱձһ㣬ΪһṦһĵ绰ͻٴˣȲҵȻʱúܲˡ߳칫ңʶҵķȥϣܿĳ˾ڸءͷ⣬̸꿲ŷѾϿʱ䣬Ʋѣû취ֻüȥˡ
һʱҲе㲻Ҳûа취һڿ¾ʱ䣬˵ܲڶ޶ðɣҲ̫һˡòװ¿ԺһæȥԺͳ̸ֻ꿴˹ȥ
̸ۿŵ¿ʱ䣬æӣ۽סֻٺ֮ǰһһСľʹˡĿοѾˣҪٴĻǿɾҪȵˡϣɲָԷ绰Ȼǲܵġ
̸ķ֮ʣϵֻͻȻæ˽ֱ˵ιһǡ
Ժֻðû̸꿶ʱɻֻӶǿ˿ʾȷʵһĺ룬е㲻֪Ǻˡ
һ˵Ϊģе㱻Էסˣ̸˼ٵʶΪǲǳʲôˣ׼䡣
̸ʱҲʶԼղŵʧ̬ǰŻ˵һɣ̸꿣ô˵
ΣˣһΪǳʲôأ׼ȥӢ۾һٵ˵û°ɣղôһ
ûУֻǡֻµȼˣ˵е㼱̸꿴ʱɫߺ죬޲Ҹطȥ
һе׶Է˼ˣǲȥǶŵ绰˵ұ׼Էģ˭֪ղң˵еҪ˵ֻܸ˵ˡ
Ŷɣҷ̸꿵˵Ȼһν̬ȣʧ֮Ա
һæ˵ҪɣϳԺʱ䲻̫ĻҾʹ绰Ҹط
ãҵ㣡̸⻰Ժ󣬿֮˵ɵô͵뵽ڰ칫ңæźʹۣòûпӰ
УǾɣҹˣϼһ˵
һ֮ţԼһڡʱơʱͿ˵еҪͿˡܾû£ѵĻе㲻صһĻͿ԰˵ѵˡһʵֻǱԭ򣬸ΪҪǣ̸֮䣬һĻԽܵģ裬һֱѶԷÿԻϣܹ;֪
̸⻰Ժ󣬿ĵعҶ˵绰Ӵʱ˿̿ʼЦݾһֱϣԺҲˣ趼ýŮеֵֹģҪһ£ǻˡ
Ժ̸˵Ҫȥ̲סˣôˡ˭֪һҸ˵裬û£ҳȥ̸飬Ҫʱ䳤ĻͲˣű˯
ȥ̸飬ܲ˯ɻʵ
ǡ̸һ㶣ָղ˵©ˣæȵҺͻһȥͱ̸飬Ҫǳ˵ĻҾֱ˯ˡ̫ˣҿɲһ˻ŮôƯҪǳʲôĻǿɾ͡
ˣѾͷȥɣĶԼԼģ̸ĸε
Էû绰أȿ˵̸꿱˵ȥϲԽ˼
̸ĸҡҡͷȥҲ֪ŮǷʲô裬ֻҪľУɺóʱûôˡ
һ̸ͨ绰Ժ󣬾ʹӳˣʱܻؼңֻܵ濴顣Ѿһ¿ξͳȥˣȥͮˣʱȻܷŶԷĸӡ
Ժһһݱֽĥʱ䡣տӲ߹ˣֱӣһ֧̹ȥ˱
һ֪ʱʵﲻʹ죬ҪΪ˹ϵ飬ʲôΪǸ˵˽ʲ˵ĻȻҲȥ
μѵ֮ǰǺܵģΪѵԺļܻȥλȴᷢʲô仯һԭ򣬲һֱίߵˣԷҲȽϿأΪһε֯ʱУٵȸС
˭֪ʱ䣬˸⣬һгΪⱻˣһĻʵ˼Ҳͻ
˵һͨĸг֯ȣвСģϾֵģǻٵϺܳһʱ䡣˭֪м䣬᲻ʲôʣ׻˵úãƭĲֵģԲʾ涯˼


ʮһ ܳ伢
Ϊ£˺ܳһʱ䣬Ѿ̸òˣ˭֪ǰʱͻȻӵίǵĵ绰ҪָǸλˡʡί֯쵼кˣίҲûа취ֻܵͷˡ
ʺΣ֪гʡܸɲֻнȨջǵʡİ壬ίȷʵ޿κΡ
Ϊ£Ŭ˺һԺǳ䶨ˣȻεؽʵܹǲһأǱġ
һ˲ʵĻԺһΪԷͷ˼ϾͨĽԲʵƷŵùġԺҲҪڹٳΪ߱ҪŽһˡ
Ŀǰ˵СȦ棬ʺֵŽΪͮ飬һ֮Ĺϵࣻʰгλø㶨ô֮ͽοˡ
һ֮ҪмְյģΪղŲ˵Ϊʡί֯˳֣ŵˡʡί֯Ǵ޿Թעûа취Ҫ˳ֵĻô¬Ǿġ
Ȼ뷨һûڣٴ̽һѶԷĵ壬ͺҳֵĻװҡ
һ֧̹ȥԺһŲ˵ܸ磬ҪҿгҲգٵ꣬֯λÿճһλĻǲǸá
ֵܣǰ˵ٻĻȻǺãҲǵһģ˭˱ƱĲ˵м仹һ죬ʱڵǻܲϣ˵ٴҲǻģɳ䲻˼ʳͷɥ˵
һԷҲ˵òˣǲ׼̽ȥˣżɽʵܸ磬ǲǿɣгλúȤ
ǵȻˣֵܣ⻹Ҫûǰ춼һֱæĻѾûʲôˡʵºܵ͡
ãȻܸ뷨Ұһ¿ɣһȥһļԽϸԽã糿Ҫãûɣһʵ
ûû⡣ȻһĻ˵סˣͷԷӳһԺ󣬲׹æ˵Ǿ鷳ֵˣֳɵģǰΪո׼ģȥ
ܸ磬ҲҪ̫ϣҲǰһʣҲ֪µĻѶһСԡһ˵Ժ󣬹ͣЩҪ˵˵ģöԷе˼ˡ
ֵܣ˵ʲô³벻ɣҶˣԺֻҪõϸĵطֻܿڡʼ˵
Ǻǣܸ磬˵̫ˣֵ֮Ӧæһ˵ɣˣȥüȴ绰һʡ
⻰Ժæվ֪һ绰һǳؼرܡŵõȸʮԺٹҪȻöԷΪ͵ǿɾͲˡ
һ绰ȻǴ¬ģ֮ôһĿģ̽һ£ڶԷĿеķ¬ȫΪ֣ĹϵһĻԷпֶܰɲϣҲ̽һ¡
绰ͨԺһͰѲʵͶԷ˵һ£Ϊ¬ҪһڷҪͻϸ˽йزʵ˭֪˵Ժ¬ڵ绰ͷ˵֪ˣ㻹ûʲô飬ĲǱ߻ҹȥ̸ء
һæ˵ûУûˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһڴϣ˼ԷղŻе˼֪ˣȥܼ򵥣ԷҪģ϶˼˼һԺһ⻰Ӧֿܣһæȥʹ޿̸飬ڷһ䣻ڶˣһȥġ
¬ĻУʲô˼һ޴֪ҲòֱŵʱûʰѼԺһҲûж˵ʲôԼû״أȻܺұ̬
һлԺ󣬲ʾ͸ˡһڲؼңҰѳԿ׷棬ͲµһҪȥ飬Ծûٴȥ
ߺһһ£ǺͷҲȥˣȻ벻ףαذװ˷ϸءղŵıֽշһᣬֻ͵һƵĺ룬æ˽
绰ͨԺ˵һѽ͵Ӧʶɽݣ˵ӦʶأѾˣҲԹˡ
һ󺹲ѣȻ֪ô˵ĿģҲ÷ϣĻǴ˵ˡֻ˵һã֪ˣͳȻֱӹҶ˵绰
Ҷϵ绰һûֿһᱨֽ֪°ʱ䣬ȻѾ绰ˣǲ뱻Է֦һ£֣ҪǿŮڿҪĻǿĲס
һĥʮңʱˣŴһ·üѧԱһܿشкѧԱ飬һڵɲһĸߣҶóбԺһǰ;ԳᣬԷӡҲǲѡ


ʮ ʲôˣ
·Ժ󣬹Ȼ֮ǰϵ·ϵ˺ͳֻܹܶ࣬ǰɽʱѾʮˣͣóԺæ˽ȥ˵ȼˡ
ԺһͮС죬һ߿ӣҲԵġ
һԺæվЦˣҪٲĻҾ׼Ӧоֳֵ绰ˣȥ㿪
һæ˵Ҫŵʱ˲ʣһᣬеҰæһԺһȥ¡
һ·ϾõĽڣѳ˵ǰ棬һŷ⻰ԺдʧҲñ¶֪ͮ˼ǾкȳԷĵȳ˵⻰Ժ󣬲ſĵվӱ
ٷʺϴںȾơֻܾһƿȡһͲϲ⣬ټϻֻһСһСڵźȣǱŤĸо͸̸ˡ
󣬰ͷ˵磬Ҫ÷Աȥƿ׵ȾƣҶѾ
һ֪ǶԷڴȤأǺ˵ѽȥѽҿʡ鷳Աɴȥһ˰ɡ
Уھȥ˵Ҫվ
һЦ˵ҺȾƿɽˣһľƿɺȲߣʮϵę́Һ˵Ժ󣬸ԷֱӵͷԸţ
⻰Ժ֪Էģȵͷȥ˵ҿę́ƳˣĻȶĶС
һһЦȻһ˵˲УĻ˼ֻȥĶоƸҺȣҿҪ
ʵȻԷʲôԲ³֮䶷Ŀʱ⣬ľͲƽˡ
һ󣬶ԷʻԺЦ˵˵ģѽҪղŵǸ⣬õİ취ǰƳȥһę́Һûˡ
ƾʲôҸѽʲôѽ⻰Ժʵ
⻰˵Ժ˶ܾΡһһЦ赱ˣһʣ˻治֪
ʲô˰Ƴʵ֪֮ĶԻȤΪ˻һһ֮ΣԳʡ
һ˶˳һڽһ䣬ʣ̵Ǯһƿ
Ŷ˭֪ѽЩƵȻǺܶ࣬ͬһƷȴкܶķ֧רҵʿܸӦļ۸ģЩطרŸһЩгټƷƹǾ͸û֪ˡһؽ
һͮڵʱͬһƵģƱ磬е̸˼Ҫ֪ƽʱһǳ͵ˣɴ˿ɼŮħǶô޴
ʱ䣬˾һһȥˣСѾͷʱҲñ뺷Щϣв̧ͷ֮Уǲ𣬶
극ԺһܾƵȻ֪е̣Ϊܴ߳ΪǺбҪġ
Ժһֱ˳ټʡˣֱӷ˳һţǰʻȥе㵣һͷĻĳпܻĻ֮ǰŬɶ׷ˡ
ǰ˴ԼԺһѳ·ߣó绰֣һţҺȶˣֱסˡôǶ̸ʲôͼֻǾʱѾˣ컹Ҫٹʡظˡ
һṦ֣Ķžͻˣ֪ˣԼġ
һôеԲţ̸Ƕ˵ģҲȷʵ˵һϲˮˣ̸ʡίУѧϰԺʶŮˣѧϰ֮ǰϣܽ䴦á
һ˳ǰĲ䣬ֱʻ¶·ͨУŵ·ԭطصĻҪơǿɾˡ
¶·֮ǰһѳͣ·ߣ̸꿵ĵ绰һң͵ҵӿˡ
̸æ˵֪ˣһʹӼ
ֻʱ̸͵ʲô̼Ƶģɳһ𣬸ĸ׺Ůһ
̸ĸֻﴫ˵һۣʮԺ̸꿳ȥʱҲԶԶںš̸ŮȻ֪ŮǸҲϣ̸ڼſںͱеʲôϵԲŸǿ¸ĸѽ
̸·ߵ˴ԼңһĳͣߡǵһʽԼᣬ̸ҲûŤֱ˸ʻλϡ
̸ĸһߣ·ƹ⣬ŮĹȻһӣﲻеģæʶһ£ǲŮǡϡ
һ̸֪꿵ļңȻܾԺʻɣɿٴ˳ȥ
ǰʻ˴ԼԺһһǳʵ⣬˸ȥĶأһ£ûиţǲСʵ꿽㣬ȥĶأ
Դϴ˻§˯һҹԺһҪٳƺԷΪ̸ĻԵе̫ˣϴһֱӳƺ꿵ĻԵ̫һ㣬룬Ǿ꿽֮ĳƺ
̸һʻԺɫһ죬˵ɣһģû˴ŵĵطеҪ˵
ģû˴ŵģһҪԺһ㶣ⲻʲôʾɣˣ̽һ£ôװ˼һȻ˵ҪеߣҪǾȥ䷿ɣ
Уɡ̸漴


ʮ ̯
̸꿴ʱţһôͶԷ˵ƺƳɵ飬ԸûһʵʲôڴӦ˿̣һɸ˵뷨ֻҪܺͶԷһУȥʲôطû⡣һҲĶԷôмڴ˵ŮˣǱˣŮҲҪˡ
һ벻ԷȻôֱӵĻش𣬷е޴룬ȻѾˣȻûջȥĵֻб߿·Ķкʵıݻ߾Ƶꡣ
ͻȻһԶһơļƵ꣬ȥôǰС˽ȥǰ˶Ժ󣬲ſһҲľƵ꣬ˡȻȥ̫֪ĵطҲ̫ˣĻҲ̫˵ȥˡ
ͣԺ̸ԭղŶԷʵǲȥ䷿ȻֱӴӦ
뵽Ժ󣬲ɵߵͨ죬еΪ֮⣬ҲмΡƿ̧³ʱһѾ̧ƵˣҲϾ˼ˣ̧žͿ첽׷ȥ
ǰ̨ʱѾˣ̸꿴Ӱͳ֤ݸ˷ԱԷдϢԺ󣬾͸һŷǣȻҲûһԪѺ
¥˵Ժ˽ŵĲɳһǸ̸ЦЦ̸ͷ
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̸꿿һߵĵˮ˵ղźȾƵİɣһڿˣȥյˮ˵Ժˮȥˮˡ
һ˿̲ŷ̸꿾Ȼʹһ׵׺ɫ¶ȹϻһĺ˿ʱӦȻжʮˣǺģɺе㳬ǰʶΪǰհԣ̼ĳ˵񾭣תȹ֮ʱĳ˾ɳܵ˷Ӧ
̸ˮˮʱżˣҪֻ˵ץסĻˮпܴﻬ˵ѾǵΣ˫״̬µʱ⻹ǵһΡڵĵУмڴ漴źռˡ
̸꿰ˮԺ󣬿һѾɳˣҲߵһ¡˶еΣһͳһ֧ϣ̸ϵĴΪ˻ͷ֮̽ʣһ͸ڿĨɫȷʵˣոհĳЩλ˷Ӧ
Ϊ˷ֹԷ쳣ı֣һ³һȦԺ󣬿̸꿣΢Ц˵꿽㣬˵˵Ĺ°ɣ
ң̸⻰Ժһ漴ԺͰ˼ԺС˵һ˵ҵ֮ǰи󣬲֪ܲ˵
лֻ˵֮бҪôʽһ΢Ц˵
̸⻰ԺݸһЦȻ˵˵ҵԺ󣬲ôǶǺѣ𣿡
Уô㶼Ӧѧϰڼ䣬õѣ⻰κ飬Ҷ˵һ˵
̸һĻ󣬺ǿģȻԭԭظ˶Էļ֮ͥǰǸϰ֮Ĺ£ԼƺƳ֮Ļδ飬ޱظ˶Է
˵ĹУˮտˣվȥһˮһһֱǶš̸꿴Ͽκһ˿ı仯ɮ붨һ㣬Ϲžļž
Ժһ૵ʵƵȥýƵ꣬Ҷһʱ򣿡
̸󣬿϶ص˵ͷ׼θʡԵģϾһӦҲǵ֮һʱ˵ĻúǺߣתһ룬Ȼ̯ƵĻǾûʲôòҴŵġ˵һǧһƺƳ֮͵δ죬ûк֣ʿɴһ
˵Ǹϰ֮飬̸꿵ûʲôõĵģϾѾǺܳʱǰˡѾ˴ͷĨȥˣԷ׷ӣôʱҪ˵סȥûп
̸꿵ĻԺһһԷ֮ǰ˵Ļûƭȷʵ֮ǰкܴ롣
һ̸꿵ⷬû˵ѣΪûбҪֻǵУһѧԱ޷̸ʲôʵʵĺôǰҪ뷽跨ӽأѵΪ˵е֮һԼţ⣬ҪȻôûСŮ˻
һҪǵ⣬ô죬Ҳ˵ô̸꿵⡣ԷУղѾúˣϴҲѶԷˡˣ˵ҲǷҪ𲻿ɣ͵Ժתߣɲһķ
̸꿼һ΢˫Ŀͷ˼е㲻ˣΪһ˵ĻϾϴ̸ѧԱʱķӦǷǳġ뵽Ժ̸꿱ЯĿóֻС¼Ȼ˲żŴڼʱѾ˽ȥ
һ˼֮ʣ͵̸꿵˵ãȻԷȥ漴ȻǴǰһֻС¼﷢ˡһһסˣ֪Էʲô˼̸ͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
̸꿼״ûпڣָָֻǸС¼öԷעһ󣬱㲻ٿˣڳһϴƳ


ʮ ж
ԼʮԺС¼ʧˣֻžһ̸˹رռ
һʱȫ׶Է˼ˣϴΪԷһ仰ˣ֤ءһ˲䣬һıԷжˣһŮΪ㻹ʲôҪأ
һվӣ̸ҲĶʶվһŶŮˣְ˻ȻĶߵ˵꿣̫ллˣαأ
̸Ҳ֪Ķ˶Է촽
һʼһ㶣漴ͷӦ˹ͶԷš˶Ժ󣬽Ȼ˳ˡĶ˲ӣ̸ֻûѾ֧ԼˣֱϵȥڹԵңһ˳ѹ˶Էϡ
˶ⷽĿǷǳֱӺͼȵģڴԺһһֻ֣˶ԷҲɽ壬Ȼ࣬æòֺңĶҲˣ̽ȥ
˭֪ӣ̸ȴæѹסԷ֣˵Ҫ࣡
һﰵЦ뵽ŮôˣôСƵģĶߵ˵û£ϲ˵Ժ󣬴ӶԷ»׼ղŵĶ
̸żˣߺ˵Ǹ˼˵ҵǸˣģ̸˵ʱߵò˼˵ˡ
£ԭ˼һղԷ˼ˣֻ㬵ջ֣ɽת
̸꿿Ƶı飬˵Բѽ粻ƫƫʱˣҲġ
ΣһԷ⻰ˣǾѰģĶߵ˵ղſҵģڻָ߹սˣ㿴˲ͬˡ˵꣬ͦͦĳλ
̸ǹˣĶ֪һ˼֪ԷڹⶺҲϲԷ̬ȡһ£ߺ˵Ҫɣ
ôһ֪ʡ
ҡֻ֣ġᡣ̸꿵ӵĽҪС
һһ⻰ֲ֧ڶԷĶ˵֣Ȼ˵ĻҿԽ㡣
̸꿿ŶԷһڴӣһ
һ״ļˣæĵƹ⣬Ȼ˲˴ϣ漴һ컵Ϸʹݡ
ҹ֮һûͻ⣬Ѿܿˣ˯ʱҲǻ§ţһ۵ģ
һҹ˶˯÷ǳ̤ʵ˭û;ڶһԺһ࣬Ȼæϴ緹ֱӽеԵġ
ϳԺ̸һؼңȻֱȥУ粻׼ȥϰˣҪúûһ顣ֱΪֹģһֱõĸоȻҲеӵ˼ֹ˿֮ʲôϵҲɡ
һһȥϿΣֻ¿εʱƹܲġһҲûж˵ʲôֻƵļģȻ˵пյĻͮȰȰлˣ
Ȼһǲ⣬ԷȻ˵ˣȻֻеͷˡ
ڶڿһʱһֻ͵ͳһ¬ĵ绰æһŵƣȥնһıһֻ۱һֻ۵ģȻУҪϿεʱرֻ˭Ǹ涨¡
һ¬ʱ绰ȻΪ˲ʵ顣ͨԺ󣬹Ȼ¬ڵ绰˵һѽ˵Ǹ˵׼ãһҽȥȡ
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ղŽӵ绰ʱγƺԷеСᣬһ룬˽³ϣƺԷְĻԵ̫ˣԻǽС¬塱Ϊǡһ㡣
¬ûмƽЩСϸڣŵ绰˵ˣȥȡʱǲҪڲ¶ȽϺá
һһ⻰˶Է⣬Ҫȥʡί֯ûΣȥ¬¶ˣ˿ˣȻ᲻ˬʲôǿɾͲˡ
ԺһежԷôСϸڣǵˣνǹעмѽ֪ʱ˵ʲôмĻѾûʲôҪˣҪľԺĹкúøɣȡɳһɼ
һŵ绰˵Ǿлл¬ˣ֮ǰҲһԼʲôĶֳɵģء
˵⻰ĿΪ˰Ѳ֮ǰѾµϢ͸¶ԷԺ¬ΪǹġȻֻһС£˶ԷղŵǷԺһʶԺĹУκһСϸڶ֣ضԴſܷɵøߣߵøԶ
¬һĻԺ󣬺ǿģСӾʱĴԺȷʵϸоһں飬ȷʵһ֮ģȻϴθһ㣬ںͶԷʱû˵˵һЩҪ֮ĻΪ־ϴεԺһѾʶ˴ڣٶ˵棬Ϊ˷ֹԺţһ
֯¹ģΪʡί֯Ķ¬֪ΣȻԼһĵá쿴һı֣Ǻġʵ֮ǰ׼ˣҪһûʶĻЩҲС
¬ŵ绰˵Уȥȡ˵Ժ󣬸ɾعҶ˵绰
һټֻû˵ڣѾһæЦҡҡͷҲȡ


ʮ ֵ
¬һӣһﰵҲһ֡
һĳϣ¬ԼԸصúܺãЦǺǵģ˵쳣˵ٵϲһΪ˴£һ¬ϵõ֤
ԺһǺܿĵģ˵¬ûа˿ҲͲҪȥΡ֯Ҳʮӵĳ̣һҲ׼ٻؽˣ̧ȥʵЩɶأȻɵĻ˿ôء
ȡԺûе飬ֱ˴ſڡһɢһȦԺ󣬾ͺͱһһЩڵУһݲ£ȻҲЩ·ģǶӲͬٵһЩһ飬Զ̬ȻǷǳģмְͽ֮⡣
һںͱʱ۾һֱע⵽ſڣһṦֻһɫɣͣ˴ſڣӳһʮġˡһһ¬飬ϴοʽʱ˼档ں¬ϵشһ£֪λƿ¬һʡͳ飬¬Ρһæ첽ӭȥ
ƿ׼һ绰ֶԷѾӴ߳ˣ΢΢һ㶡Ȼһ¬ʲôϵǿóֹϵ֣Ļ¬ôͦ
Է࣬ڵУϴεĿʽʶˣǱʶΪһӸλټϱǳǿеȻȻ顣벻ԷȻѾڴˣݵ͵еƿĿ࿴˼
˻ʮԶʱһѾкˣ飬ǲ˼Ȼ鷳һˡ˵Է
ƿЦ˵촦Ҫ˵ĻҿееѽҵΪ쵼ȣҲǷˡ
һҪθɲϢѾ֯洫ˣƿΪ촦ûκ⡣
һȻǶԷѾ˵ˣȻջȥĻԵùڽˡѶݸƿԺЦ˵飬⴦ģҿɵɣҺõñ㳤ֵ֮꣬ƣֵ֪Σ
ƿ¬ǴأǺΣһȻҪύһ
Ҫƿ񶼲һ£һʲôˣˣͲõ顣ԷĻ䣬ƿ˵Ҿ͹ˣеѽ
ֵܣҪǻô˵ģҿҪˡһ˵
ƿһæЦ˵Ǻǣ磬ղŵǻջأԺֵһ㡣ɣʱ䣬Ǹһۣ
У춼ʱ䣬ֻ㡭һ˵ɣ㿴¬æʱ͸Ҵ绰һ׼
УǾɣ¬ݲأҾȹȥˡƿɫ˵
һУֵæǵ绰ϵ
ɣԶȥĳӰһƿȷʵǸֵһղŶԷһ˵͸¶һҪϢ¬ȻһòϣⶫȺйءղƿ˵һ䡰¬ݲءǾ͵ڸһ¬ڰأƲþͻн
Ϣһ˵ûʲô̫壬ٿԴлϤʵӦͻн֮ǰԸֵĻ벻ɣƶѡ
һڳ緹ʱڲʸǰ򵥵ᣬֻ˵ղŽһ绰Ѿȡˡ
⻰Ժֻ۷֮У֮ǰϵϸûеݵóȥ仰˵˵вˣŬĻᣬûеõһȻؾ͵ȥòʺǸ̾Ѿˣղܳ벻ɣҪһùϵҲԺ;ϵĹˡ
뵽Ժ󣬲һļһ£Ȼ˵ֵܣлˣԷ
һ͵һģ۵ֱ죬Ц˵ܸ磬Էľˣһ£´Ҽʱ򣬿ɲ֪һȻ΢õ
ʱһ˵е㲻˼
һ߿Ц˵үڸʲôɻѽ
£˵ĿⶼԼͬؼе˽ӵϣ벻ǻܱĳôеĴ˲òࡣ
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ڼҵ鶼ƱȵСƣ⻰һ˵ڣ˶ʾͬ绹ҪϿΣȵơƣ׾ƵĶϾ̫عһǿҪ۾жۡ
ʱ򣬲ŷֺơƵľǶôĴΪơƵľƾͣһ޼ɵǲʺ͹ܷ󽯳ӺƼսţһͻ¸ԶҲ
һͨս˶㲻˼䣬ٵĶƿˣܷͲǹʮƿղŶݵʱ򣬺죬˶ſ˯ˡȻûеҲòȥͮ飬ﲻôʹ죬ԺȵҲˡ


ʮ ۡ԰
һͻ¸Զ״̬΢һ㣬ҲˣԹǿ˵չĸˡ
԰ƼҲпͷֻڱȽϼª֣ʱҲ˲ôˡ
һͻ¸Զϰ壬䣬Ȼ˻¥ͷ˯ϰͷԱʦһĸһһ͵˷棬˰ֱ˱ˮȻת뿪
һҲ֪˶òֻͷģҿڸͷԺ󣬿Ա߷һ豭Ȼİ׿ˮһģǶ豭˹˵͹ȥ
һͨţԺ󣬲žһЩȻֻøǣæȥˮԺһʱ䣬ͳֻһƣȻѾĵˣҲûʲô˯ˣֺһˮ׼ȥУóȻؼˡ
¥ϰһ֪˻ûأҲûбҪȥˣֱУȥ
ϣڿӵʱ֣˵˹ѩĻ⣬ʱҲ֪ô£֣̬µı仯Ȼǰ£ȴڱʹڲȡĲԾǲ֣¿
㵹֣⣬ݹҲûʲô̫飬ڲ£Ǯһֶ֣Ϊء⼸£ϲйݵ֪ʶԱԺԺʹá
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǲˬ˵ʵҲûʲô̫õİ취ܲΪȥķɡⲻÿڣҾԷѩҹȥʻҸʲôɾͿȥˣʱֻͷѵˡ
һܶʱ򣬾ͺϡö˵ڶڴ԰Ƶһۡ˼밲ڽ̻ʹģûͬ⣬ǱϾ̫±ү֪ʱⲻ˰
԰ӦҲŵϺŵģ͵ζٽֻڵƫûǱ㡣ٽһ˼ٹȥˣʱⵥʲôģ˵ĸоǳĹȥ԰ʳġ
¿Ժ˱ֱӹȥˣҲû£ȥߴƣߵϡ¸Զ˵һһȥһҲû⡣
һϳֻͻȻͳһǻ¸Զĵ绰оԷʲô飬ҪȻôһṦҪ绰ģƿ³ȥˡ
绰ͨԺ󣬻¸Զ˵֮ǰͺ˵ˣƵ飬ˣϴٽ飬Ԧ²֮ʾһ¡һ֪ԷǳΪ֮Ҳ͵ͷͬˡȻͰҺںˣǾȫһ⣬ҾһԷʱ򣬰һһ㡣
ͨһʱĽһȫԿóҲã¸ԶҲգȻҪְƷǺܲģֵһҺǽύĻԺķչǴģֶΪأ
˴ƣһһֱһ߳䵱ͣ㲻ʱͻ¸Զһģ滹Сӣһę́Ժ󣬰ķڽ䣬Ȼֱ˳ȥ
һæվӭӣһߣ˵ϵܣлˣ
˶ԷĻԺһæЦ˵ϸ磬˵ʲôͣṩƣôлѽ
⻰ԺЦֵʳָһȻ˵ͣṩƵ˶ˣɲ˭лӴ
һæ˵ϸ磬˵Цˡ
˵꣬ͳͻ¸Զһ֧׼ʱǶѾħƵϵĴһҲֻˡ˵֮ûҪЩǹٳʱˣΪеһԱС
һԺ󣬲ŷڰ䱱ǽһزѹԺ󣬾;ù߱Ƚǿֻע⿴ǴˣĻǲ
һһţһҲû˵ȥȻе棬Ҳûпȥ˼Ҳ˵Ȼв˵ĵȥʵĻǾԵеǿˡ
һǿҪܣֻµֵ˶֪͵֣һֱμģӦ죬ʡȨ֮ΨСĽܲԼһϯ֮ء
ʱͻ¸Զʱһ׼͸¶һڷϾԺӦ죬֮ദĻһ㣬̫ĻȻв˼ҵѵ˼
һһڲԺ󣬰ѱ£ȻЦŵ˵λϸ磬ѵۿҪˣСԺɾ͸ǻˣЯѽ
⻰ԺȷӦ˵ϵܵѾˣȥĶ߾ͣ͸¶һ㡣
˵һĸǰգ¸ԶĻԺҲһղǻ˼Ҳǰ㣬ڳһϴļơ
һ״Ҳ飬˵Ҫȥ֯һʱ䣬ҿزģԺɵöλѽ
һĻ󣬲ûڣǻһۣ¸Զһ䣬һѽʡﻹ
ղһֻ˵֯ûнʡͻ¸ԶȻ³ӦǰߣȽϷġ
һȻ׼ˣȻûвҴŵĵ˵ʡί֯ǱѾöбˡЦ˵׼ȥȥʶĸɲˣ˸赹ˮʲôģӦûûġ
һĻԺͻ¸Զཻһɫвϵ˼ݹһ֧Ȼѹ˵Ժֵܿɾָ֯쵼ˡ
⻰һ˶ĵشЦƵе㲻ˣܷʵλ쵼ǲʲôѽ˵ЩϰҲֺֺ͡˵ǲѽ
󣬶


ʮ 
Ӹղһѹ˵飬ͿԿʱ㹫Ц˵ղһֵ˵ϴξƺȶԺһŮ֮Ĺ£ôҲѽ
⻰ԺЦһȴȻɨһۣ룬ϴξƺȶˣ̸꿴ȥʱ򣬱Է˰ɡ
Ȼıʱ֪ԼˣԷֻǿЦѡʱĲʲô£Ļ˼һ仰㶼ܽŰ졣
ֹʮӣһ¥ȥˣͶԷԼʱ룬ӦòˡȻȥϵ֮ǰ˫εļ棬뻹ˡЩ򲻴ǹѵһҪμǡ
ʮչһžƵɣʻ˹һʶΪӦþϡȻӦдԵʣܶ࣬һھдЩطֵıȽ϶ࡣԼõʱ䣬Ǳ˵ĿԲ
ԺæվȥյſڣѾϴ򿪳ŴӳˡæӴŲӭȥҲһķ˹˵漴һ
һЦ˵ϸ磬ںõ͵ǻʵɣѽҪҵðɣĻɲݡ
֪һڼȴЦ˵ʲôǣүø͸м˵ʵǣе㲻ҿ
ںһĹϵǣϵҲ⣬Ҳʲô˵飬ҲûбҪˡ
һ⻰Ժεʼ磬һƣҲһݼȥ
˼һȥԺ󣬾Ͱƾ֪һҪˡһŽʱվűߣϵе㲻˼ˣ˵ӭò٣ʽȴ
һһһΪ˽ܣܵʱ΢΢һ㶣Ȼеӡֻ˱Ƚ϶࣬Ҳû˵ơ
Ժ󣬷Աˣһ˵ϸ磬ƿֳӼģһҪѽ
ϱ׼ȣϾ˶죬һȻ˵ˣҲȴˡһѾƵ˳ǿģȻûпˣȷʵܻ¡
ȾԺһͳ˵ݣƱ˵λ磬ֵܽ뵽λ٣һҾңҸˣ⡣˵⻰ԺһһﲱӣͰһƵ˺
ΪôҺȳ֮ǰһ͹շԱСԱױӣһ״ģһСģǰѴȻֱôС浹һĻȿôҺȵþˣҲȥǵƵ鷳
˼һˣȻûкȰ뱭ĵ˶ȸˡӸղžƵԺϾ֪ǲưոˣԾӺúúһȡʱ䣬ҲеΪλүԻûôȥÿȻƲ˶Уܹ鲻ˣҲ̸ᣬú÷һ¡
ʼʱ˻е㵣ϷŲȽ֣ڿô£ǴҸǷſˡʱƱյ֮ڶֻǿԱ绨һ㣬֮䡣
Ժ˰СʱңһֻͻȻͳֻͷһʾľȻ̸꿵ĺ롣ȻԷʲô飬ô˴绰һʲô飬վһǸƣȥΪ⣬Ժȡ
Ժһ˽ιι꿽ô˵
꣡һĶ͵شһŮ˵Ц̧ͷһ̸꿼ȻվĶ档һסˣ˺ð죬˵㡭ôģ
ôҾͲ𣿡̸Ƥʵ
һæ˵֪Ҳ˼˵ô֪ģ
Ǻǣ̸Ц˵иѧУеϵϰԷҸղ͸ŷ쿴㣬ȥǰ̨һ£Աң죬Ҿͻȷˡ
һǺһЦҲѽ˵һ¡˶з֣ȻܾôԼȳԺټ˵Ժ󣬾͸Իذˡ
һߵ֪ҶſˣĽһɱһǧ˰١һں̸Լȵʱ򣬾ͶһۡһСʱԺٷǳˣöҲ⼸ˣһҲΪ
һֻʮӲŰ˵ȫˣص԰Ƶ򵥣ֵһᡣ
̸ͽˣһͬ˵е飬һԼȥȻе֣˭ҲʲôƺƳɺŸУ̸꿶ʲôǷ֮ˣҲģֱϳˡ
̸ڰһᣬ˼ҷԱҪʰӣ˴ɳϷűֽһǰæµʱ۾ʼոƶȴǿ֮ʲôģֱͬ·һ㡣
̸꿼һ굥ˣҲվȥԶɣɾֱ˹ȥһʱڳ̸أϳԺҲ˵ֱӷ˳ƵĴʻȥ
һԺһ̸ôġ̸꿸һֱѧУϰ壬в쵼ԷΣȻûвĵ
һ⻰Ժһۣæ̸꿣ϰ徿ô¡


ʮ Ҵ
̸꿼ȤǾͰϰϸؽһ¡ǰʱ֪ͨʲôϵҵƺƳɣǴʱʼУĴСҵͱˣ󵽻ʩ裬Сװ޸죬еĶһְġ
һЦ˵ϰУ֮Ĺϵܺѽ˫ĺǿ治һĬѽ
̸ֻЦЦûж˵ʲôΪУΣƺƳɺ֮飬û˱ˡȥʱ򣬵Уۺ¥Ƶ裬ٵװޣһְġԼһξƺȶԺ˵ģһ̵о׬˰ٶ򣬵ȻЩǮҲֱ価һ˵
˱˵ģһѳʻһСѾԶļƵꡱˡŴȥӦܽһ㣬ʡûҪȥһȦ
һĳչսӵʱһǵ˼ΪһܳҪȻ㲻ôĶתͷ󿴵ĺֻһݴɣɵĳβĳܳвһﰵһǰʻȥ
̸꿴ʱעȫһϣļƵҡʱʶ˽ע˵ϴ˸鶼òˣЩ֮δػ飬ҲԹˣϾûͻһߣɾͲһˣ
뵽ʱ̸ֻϻģ۾֪ĶˣȻע⵽Ķ
С䲻ǺܳȴǳխһСģЩ֮⣬֪ôխɴȥˡòҪӿˣɿͻȻֻһ󼱴ٵɲСĳڴһγסˡһѸٲɲҿٲ죬ټϱȷʵţ棬ھǳԼ״Ӳɲͣ
̸꿵ҵɲݺǰһ壬æץס˳ķ֣ߵĳӣʶ⣬һŵؿһ
һļģȻ˵ʹڳ棬ȥô¡
̸⻰Ժĵ˵ã㵱һ㣡
һ˵ͷȻƿ˳ţȥȻԾоԷӦΪ֮ĻĶͣġ
һ³ʱ򣬶ԷĳһˣҿǵĴžͲˡһʱеţȻҲǼһЩ棬һľ棬ǵһԷȻбҪʲôͻϮĻȻǲ̫ˡΨһϣǶԷҴˣΪӦԺûк˭ìܣ˵ܳ
Ȼܽţһװܳȵʵλֵܣʲô˼Ǻûչɣ
˼ԣǲҴˡһֳΪһΪ֮ȥʲôģвͨġֻгѶԷѶȸˡ
ĻԺ˹ȻһվмλұߵǸʹһɫȻųһŬ졣ұߵǸͷᣬ첽һλȥ
ʱ˶ܿŮˡ̸꿣һҪֹĿǰĻɲʲôǵѡͬʱöԷȥ̸꿲û⣬ֻΪȷһݡѵЩǳ̸ģһͷлһʺšֻǵУΣһһŮˣ˵ܵЩѽ
һ뵽ʱ򣬾ȹһȷʵǳ̸ȥģôȶֻ֣иſһǲĿܡڷתͬʱһ۾ҲΧţûпõߡһṦĲ󷽿һľ䲻̫Ƿǳʵģĵذȥ
͸˳ۣȻߵмӵĸǰ˵磬˲ԣϾͲ˺üꡣ
ΪʮӣһۣҲһãȻ˿ߵ£Ҳҡҡͷһȷϵı顣ߵǸб۶һ䣬ӦûѽһֱӾƵġ
ȻҲеסˣ΢΢һԺЦŶһ˵λֵܣ˼һѣϴˣൣؼ
˵Ժ󣬳ߵʹһɫ漴תͷֱͣڵĳȥϳԺ󣬾ֱﳤȥ
һ״æص˳ϣʻԺѸʻСˣҲֻһģĳӰ˵ˣȷϣʮа˾Ӧһݴ
ЩǸʲôģȻбǾ㿴ƵĻҲûκ壬˭Ҳɵһ泵ƳµģĻԴˮˡ
̸꿴ʱѾɵˣΪһһݵŮˣʱļƣ嶼΢΢з
ǰʧһʱŰעе̸꿵ϣ⸱ӣﲻɵ֮⣬ȥ§ڻԶģְѷⲻ·ԱȽƧֱȽԻʲô⡣
̸꿴ʱ绳Ůһ㣬һͷһĻ̧ͷ˼һĺ£Ȼ˵û£أʲôҲûС
ڰο̸꿵ͬʱһԺϸ˼ŸղŷһĻȥĽݴʮа˾žǸղŽڵʱ򣬶Ȼٵݸղиһ˵Ӵ԰ƵǾһֱˡѡ⶯ֵĻ˵Ƕĵκ죬֪Ƚխһĳ죬һȦҲڳڴס


ʮ һٽ
˵Ǻ˵ϴģһҲʲô˼Ѿ¶ˣǲǳģһҪҵһǸһ棬̸꿱ųûе˵Ǿ˵ȥġ˵Ѿμģһ֪ͷǸвŸ磬һĻҲͲʲôѵ顣
һһͺϵһ£һǳģҪԸǾõѡˡ
ѳļƵͣͣԺ˱ֱǰ̸̨ó֤÷Ժ˾ֱ˵ݡһõʱһ£ȻϴεǸ䡪505ɺϡ
ԺһѷϽͨ˷ĵԴ̸꿹Ժ˳ֽ䷴ˡһ΢΢һЦʱٸŵ͹Ե쾡¡ʱ׼ʲôǲ飬ҲûбҪŤŤˣĻ˫Ρ
̸꿴˿ȻڼȵĿĺ˷ܵУҲûʧȥǣһһۣʵһղ˾ʲôˣ᲻ҪǷǵ飬Ӱɣ
һǰʱ򣬻Ϊе£׼԰οȻΪڵġ֮ǰҲ⣬ԻǱųˣһ棬ۿ뿪ˣڹļƵʱһܣûκ쳣һ棬һѾ¶ˣҪµĻҲѡڽˣĻеԸ˼
ȻúЩȴʺϸ̸꿣ҪȻֻȥϹˡһЦ˵û£û˵ֻҴ˶ѣǳģôͷأ
̸꿵ģһҲô˵ŷһ£΢Ц˵һ´ʱ򣬲ôˣȥһȦҪĻǿ̫ˡ˵⻰վһһۣȻ˵ȥϴ裬һٽ˵Ժߺȥ
£һŴ죬Ծؿ̸꿷ıӰ˺һ׹Էղǻ˼˵̫ＱˣԲǸСﴩȻŻһ
һ󣬴󺹲ѣﰵеģҾûҪݵ˼ֻһȦ̫ѾС濴ĻƺҲûôխſȥˡôе㼱ɴ˼ˣⲻ֮λ޴
ȻúԩǴʱȴͣȥ̸꿽ͣǵһ˼˵Ѿȥϴˣܲڹȥ˵ɣҲе̫ɷ羰ˡ
뵽ϴ⣬һϵĳλ˷Ӧ˷ǳǿҵҴвɶֹ֮УȻѾ޿̣Ҳ׼ˡһſĵسȥϵȻزţȻŽ˽ȥ
̸꿸ղŽȥʱ࣬żˣԲûмǵšڽ֮ǰ֮Իһ˵Ҫֹ֮ϴ̫ΣĻãŴŵӿһЦ
лһԭǾǻϴθŮЩʱҲҪһ㣬رµʱ˾ϣŮһ㣬һ㣬ɧһ㣬ܴ̼ǵ񾭣˷ܣڵǱܣںʱиΪɫı֡
̸ں˼֮ʣ͵ظо˽ˣ̧ͷһֻһֻһڿ㣬վԶĵط
̸Ȼ׼͵һһȫվڸǰǳԾѣе㡭ôģ˵⻰ͬʱҪڵסҪλ˭֪˴ʧˣ棬¶棬ĻȻϾ˼Ǳ
һֱѹ˽ģǵ̸꿻̫ķӦԲŴڿ㡣Էı֣ҸղŵľǶôȷҪʲôĻǶԷǿĶгˡ
Ϊ˷ֹԷڴУæһơ̸ҲѾʶղŵеˣæȥĻȻĳҪλʧˣֻ΢΢ȥһҲڶѡ
ԷѾȶһʱһЦĻԺŽģôҵĲˣ
̸⻰Ժ󣬶پĪ֮Уæʵ˵ʲôأʲôʱģ˵⻰ͬʱִֻϰԵطǰûпȥڵʲô
һڴ۸ͬʱЦ˵ղŽ֮ǰ˵ģϴ裬һٽⲻҽ
ҡҲ˼˵ǵȡϴˣٽϴ̸æ͵
㲻˵ˣô֪ʲô˼һװһ˵ҶѾˣܲٳȥɣ㿴ˮźˣǾһϴɣԼһʱء
˵ֹصˮͷ˵䣬ԡˮѾҪˣҪٷŵĻҪ˵ˣһ˽ȥˮҪˡ
̸Էһ˵治֪ôܾˣתһ룬һᶼҪˣ£±ѽߺ˵ͷ
һԷɿˣﳤһæȥϰȻ̧ſԡףվԺ󣬲Ű̸˽
Ҳ֪ϴ˶ãԡʱ˶վסĸоһǿס˫ֺᱧ̸꿴ȥ
ϴ赽ʱĳ˾ˣ̸΢۾ʩΪһƬģʧȥʶˡ


ʮ ˮɽ
Ժ̸ڷˣղһֱĶҪ̫ˣ᲻ˤʱûⷽĵˣﻹмֵġ
ѾѾܳʱûˣټϸղſĳ˵ıǮɲһĴڵĵһǲܳܵˣҪǳʲô۵飬Կѽ
֮ͨǰĽһ̸֪Ѿ˺ܳʱˣĶǳᣬֱ鶯ʱ򣬲ʵʩһ衣
˸տʼʱ̸üͷ¶ʹ֮⣬ʱ򣬶һı飬䵽ʱ򣬾ҪϹȥһ󺰳ġ
һнԺ˽һ𣬾þûз̸ֿǳУһǲƻĺΣ˾ô§šʮӣ̸꿲ŻָһҲ˳Ʒˡ
̸æɨսһƬˮյʱùĲһ㡣һʱûע⵽׼֧̳һ¡̸꿼״Ҳ˲úˣ˵һ˯Ŵȥɣ
һһ㶣漴˵˯һͦãﻹҪһ˯һأ㲻鷳ѽ
̸֪Է˼ֻӲͷƤ˵һ˯ŴȥŴеˡ˵ָָ
һһҲ˲ϵˣȰ̴촽ȻϿȥֻʪһƬ̧ͷ̸꿣һ䣬ɣˮɽѽ
̸⻰Ժֱߵ̧ͷˣ˫ֱ䱼ȥһĿõ˳ջĻ棬Ҫ֪ʱ̸꿵ϿһѽڿǷβŵ˵ȷʵ̣ͦŮβҲ˰ɡ
һ漴ֿĻѪŵĳĺˣĳЩλڴˡͷԺæͷ̣÷ȵĻҲϢһ£ڵĻĶԵ
̸꿶㵽Ժ󣬲ŷ״˵Ժ󣬴ʱȻ䣬ǰܽܳģˡ
̸һݼ·תһ룬ˣĻǿǵ͵ڶ塣˵ʱ۵ʱ̸ͷ
̸꿴Ժͷ첽˴һֻһɫӰһ뻳ˡʱѾ꣬ҲϢһˣȻԿǰѸղŵĹϰһˡ
̸꿳ʱ䲻֪ζˣʱ֮ʣоһ뷨Ժ󣬱
Ժ󣬷ٴ֮ʵϯ˼˿֮һæһѱ̸꿣صԭĴϣֻ˻һڡ
ղŵһսһ̸òˮֽ֣⾿ΪﳤڻķʹȻΪˣֻʱԭ򲢲̫ҪģؼǲܰһŴˣĻһǶ֪˯Ķˡ
εʱȵһλҪ̸Ҳû֮ǰôˣ˴ˮ˼İСʱԺ󣬷Ű˴صĴϢ⣬Ҳ졣
̸꿳һĵڣĵƿӴһӣȻߵˮձǱй֮޲æñӰڵȻڴ˼ǵǰ񲢲ģ˵ʱҲڱһۼǾԲô࣬⾿ôأ
ȷ˳û˾̸СèһһĻһṦ򣬾ͷ͵͵
һղźۣعһ㣬˯ȫޡһ˯ߵŮˣһ˵ʵ֮ǰѾǿԼȥرˣЩˣرܾܻرܵ˵ģյĽ˻˯һŴϡ
һЩԭ򣬲ΪڣΪһΣԴŷȥ֮ԼҪȥǷˣһ˭˹ϵ;Բٷ֮ǰ顣һԼŮ˶ˣͲһˡһжԼεҸ档
һԺͷ¸ֳ˸ղļƵ·Ϸ顣ʱ侲ϸ˼ˣöԷʮа˾žǳģΪ˵Ӵ԰һ·ˣ̸֮ǰڴ԰ԵķһĻĿȷʵ
Է̸һԺ󣬺˵һ䲻ģ˼ĵط仰ǻ֮ǰѾٷ֮׼˾ˣ̸Ժȴԣղѡ뿪
һĻ͸ˮˣ˼Ȼǳ̸ģȻġ
һǲ⣬ӦҲǰʱ䣬Ҫ˵ͱìܣҲСͽһΣȻĹǴϸԷµӡɲһ˵ʵһΪǻеµĻôͲְܳ;ϵΪǵ˿ⱲӶģôܳ޷ȷϵأ
һĻһòˣСͽϵĻֻ˭أòƳ˵Ļһûкֹìܣ뵽֮ȪƺƳɣ漴ųˡ
Ʋ֮䲢ʲôֱì̸ܲеĻҲȡֶΣȥĻڻٳ׶֮أǾԲðôķȥġ


ʮһ ֵ峿
뵽һҲԺˣΪʵûпɻɵĶˣǲǶԷŪˣԺУҲ˯˹ȥ
ڶһһһ߿տҲʶһæĴһûп̸꿵ӰһһãȻ˵һӦûطȥѽһͷϵֻ׼طȥ
һڵͷŵʱͻȻԿײʶ̧ͷȥ̸ֻƿ˽һעʱ΢죬˵ѽһΪ㻹˯أ֪ͲҪôСˣٺ٣
һ벻һ졢ص̸꿾ȻҲ˿ɰһ棬һɣЦʵһ磬ȥģ
㣬Ҳ֪ϲʲôӡձҶһ㣬ϴһ׼԰ɣ̸ϵķ
һע⵽ȻкüɫķǸж˵һ磬˯һѽ緹治Ǿеó
̸꿰ϵĶڲ輸ϣЦ˵㻹Ǳ緹ˣҼǵϴ˺ڣվˡ
һԷôһ˵е㲻˼ϴȷʵôŵģǰҲ߯ѳһ㣬Գڣʵʡ벻ԷϸڿˣԽһæȥ緹ˡ
뵽ʱһмָжһԾӴֱһ§̸καʾֱȥ̸һͷԺ󣬾ͱ˳һԺ󣬻ͷ϶Էж
һԺ˱˷ܣټŮ뻳һҲ಻סˣֱӰ̸Ƶ˴ϡ̸꿿һıԺ֪ʱѾǼϲòˣ˵ȻᣬҰ·ҪȻһϰʱҿɴȥ
һ̸ôһ˵ҲеҪǲĻƲȫۺ۲˵ҪǴһɾ鷳ˡ뵽ԺһһЦɣѡ
̸һ㶣˶Էʲô˼Ҫܾĳڴӣ۾˵ͷ
һϲæѶԷӴŮ·һܣҪ˯ǿɾû˼̸꿱ΪԷһȥԺֱӽģ벻Ȼôأ⵹е㲻˼Ҫڣ֮ǰѾӦԷˣʱٷڵĻе˵ȥ
̸꿰ͷʹɶԷʩΪһ״ЦʵʩļƻԺɵø̸꿵һοʱ龰ʱˣЬʱ򣬿ķ⡣ʱͳ˿ʲôʱöԷĸԸس׸һǴԸˡ
·𽥼٣̸ĳ˵ĺڶûеȫѹ⣬˾ͲסˣһʳֱӰ˵˴ϡ
һȫͶķ֮ʱѾˣæ𴲣緹Ժ󣬾ͼææУȥˡ
һҹȷʵ̫һڵһڿϿεʱ򣬾˯ˡơʵ˼󵹲֣Ҷȵò٣Խ춼ûоֻһı̫һ㡣Ķ֪ɲǺȾƵԭٽ׳ţһҹأµڶ춼ſˡһȻ
̸ҲõĶȥ˭˵ŮֻҪžˣ˹ؼʱ̣õһҲ٣Ȼְҵĳ⡣̸ڰ칫һᣬûʲô飬ؼ˯ȥˡ
̸ĸΪŮȥѧУԺȻ㵽˳ˣصҵʱ򣬼̸꿵ĦгѾͣԺˡʾΪǻʲôģڷʲôҲûСƿԺ󣬼Ů˯أɵҡҡͷڵѽĶʱô֣Ǳˡ
һ緹ԺҲסˣصԺͷ˯Ѿ⣬Ŀβȥˣֻˡ
ʱѾĵˣ벻һȻ˯ôʱ䣬˯Ȼѵĸоǲ糿УԺֻͷģ·ʱȴƮǵǰԪʱ򣬺ûôѽ֪䲻ͬԭ򣬻׶ĳЩõò࣬˻ˡ˰죬ҲûеԭԾͲȥоˡ
һߵֻ˿漴һڶ𡣿ԺһĶ˼Žæ˲鿴ֻһδ磬һ֣ģֱһֻ룬һ̶绰룬ǱصģΡ
һæȸŻһ绰绰ͨԺ֣ʵĶأôֻˣ
⻰Ժһ󺹲ѣæ˵ƺȶˣ緹Ժ˯һᣬͰֻˣ𣿡
Ŷѽûʲô飬ղ¬绰˵е飬ػˣҴһҲŸġ֣͵˵Ժֲ绰ȥм¡
һ⻰Ժæ˵ټ¬˹ȥӵ绰¬ƿ˵¬㣬ղŸ˺ü绰ȥˣԺһġ
һƿһټԺ󣬹Ҷ˵绰֪ղŵ绰Ӧþ¬İ칫ҵ绰һֻ쵼һ㶼ֻһϣһЯղŵֻ룬Ȼ¬ߵǲһæһ𱣴
ȻˣһҲ׼˯ˣӴԺ󣬾ʹһ绰㣬ͶԷ˵һ¡ģһʱðƷ־ֵľֳǿȥһˣʱ˵̸
һŵ绰˼˵Ҫȥ־һ˰ɣ˼һֳܹҰ£ǲ߯һˡ


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ϵܣͱˣڿʡί֯쵼ˣǰͽỹءЦ˵˵ǿܣҪϴٽֵһĶֵСƷ־ֵľֳһ˵Ļȥʱô̾ģе㲻񻰡
һ⻰Ժæ˵ϸ磬ҰɣٴĵӣҲǾĶҪ˵Ļ֪жء˵ʵֻҪܰҰ¸㶨ҸмһǺúôһ٣ҪȻĪı˼Ҹˣﻹ治Ǹζ
ģֻҪ˵Ǹû⣬ǰӦ췭飬Ҳ쵰ҳĵ˵
һ⻰ԺȻٶ˵ʲôˣлԺҶ˵绰µ绰Ժһ͵ƺ̫ʺϴ󶯸ɸ꣬ʱ̸꿿ĳأʱʱǲˡƷ־ֵ˹ԺҪһ£ܸǷģʱ򷴶
ʱѾˣʱȥϿεĻȻǲˣһԺϳֱӻؼȥˡ
صԺ֣ûлͳֻ׼Է绰ԼѾˣٵġ
˭ֻ֪һһʾմȥ¬ĺ룬æ˽
¬һϴ˵˵ѾˣȽϸӣԺ󣬾ܵص͵һ㣬Ҫ鷳
һ⻰Ժɫһæ˵¬壬˼¸鷳ˣԺһעġ
¬Ц˵˵ʵƼвʵģȷʵҲųְģһ˵ĻҲôȥҸղ˵˼λ涯ԽҲһõʱ򱻶
лл¬壬ͺú˵˵һ˵
¬Ц˵УˣˣСӴôֻˣԺˣɲѽ
һ󣬴󺹲ѣæ˵¬壬˼ûлֻûˣԺһעġ
£ֻСˣʵʵ˵Ļܻ鷳ˡ
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һæӦ¬ټԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ͨ¬ⷬһԭȴӦ͵һ㰾뷨ڿвͨˣ粻ֹѽ֯ĶĻһҲǷǳҵģҪȻ¬ġ
һڳ˼֮ʣֻٴͷһŵĺ룬æ˽֣ûʲô飬ֻûлءһ˵ѾˣҲû˵ʲôֻ˵һͻˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ֣²ߣȻ֪ʲô£ȫԿ϶һ£Ը񣬲һֵġ
뵽Ժһе㲻ˣеùˣĪظںͬס֣ʲôĵ顣µʱҪСһ㣬鷳뱻
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֣ʻͷֱɳķȥһһ㶣Ī̸꿵飬֪ˣ˵ֿӦòѽ飬⣬Ӧûе֪ôܴĶأ
һȻûи״Ǹôô벻š֣ɳˣȥһˮ˲輸ϣȻȥԷûһ󶨣ӦúûйϵĻӦòһֻ֡ҪȷԼ޹أǾûʲôõĵģĿǰӦ첻ܳʲô£һĸ㶨
һ§֣һᣬȻĶߵ˵ţôˣ˵ûʲô˵ģһϹأ
֣⻰ԺᶶһᾹſһļͷصĿ
һ״ͷѣ鲻СӲǿҵķӳȻż֣ʱҪйҲżԺٺúʡ뵽ԺһӵıḧţʱҪľɷİοˣӦþȥ
һڰοӵͬʱﷸֹ˵֣ı֡Ŀǰʧı֣϶޹أʣľֻǹˡ컹˵ʱѩⲻŹӦҲܺͱ˷ìģΪʲôأһһɶĺˣȫͷԡ
֣ɷļͷһңֹס˿Ȼͷؿɷ򣬼ȲҲûκζһɵɵģ
һ״Ĳˣḧӵ㷢˵ңôˣʲô飬һ취
֣ղŵйԺȸղȶˣջĿ⣬ӣ૵˵ʵҲûʲô˵ģ֪˭ڱ˵ҵĻҶΪ棬ֱ˵һ̲סˣҲš˵Ժ֣ͣס˻ͷʹͷ
һֱһҥˣĻ֣ԸԲıֵġĴԺһѾˣҪһŮͬ־ҥǱ۾Ҳóһ緽ġֲøղ֣ıôǿңԭôһ¡


ʮ ޷Ҳ
Ͼ˼ȥ⣬֮ӴӰ߳˵ʵӺ֣һμûԷģ߳򲻹Ӱ飬Ӱ彡˵⻰еġ
ԺһɵһΪʲô˵أǼ㶼֪˹㱳˵Ļб˵»ǲ
һĻԺ֣΢΢̧ͷ漴ֵȥһ£˵˵Ļˣ˵ʲô˵Ժɫߺ죬˼˵ȥˡ
һæ˵㲻Ҫ˵ˣұ۾óŮ֮ǵҪ˵ģ㻹бҪҽһ£˵ⷽ棬н͵ıҪԼŶŲһǸɵѽ˼ĻϹҿҪˡ
һĻ֣Ȼ̧ͷЦ˵ллϹ⣬ҡûˡ
ղŵı֮ôһǴЩ̫һ棬ıһ֪˵⡣ĻƺҲϴˡϹȻѾ˵úˣЩȻûҪϹˡ
һӵıԺ󶨣Ц˵ȥϴ㿴㶼һֻСèˣһᣬϹȥԷ
֣һ⻰æɳȥǼڳȥԷǸղſ޳浣İϿ޻ˣĻѿˡ
һӽˣɫȻںƲҪȻĻڶʱ֮ڴѸ١ڵǣ޷Ҳˣֻ˵⵱˷ˡ
֣ԸڵλӦòʲôˣһĻ˭ںҸɾͺ֮ˣʮа˾ǸѩŮˡһ֪ϹϴλˣԾͰ֣ϡҲǵʱһΪĵ飬ھȻͷˡ
״ԺһҪǵǸӦԵˣҪǻ飬һҲģԼȫ㶨ȻСҪ֪֣ú֣СѾͷƬӶ㲻ĶıҪµŮ˵Ķ֡
һ֪ʱȻ˵ЦĻָ˳̬һղŵȰο֮һΪǸֻҪһ̨Ĵţ¾ͻḡǰ˾ͻýʱ˵ˣ˵пܱظı֡
һ˼Բߵʱ֣Ѿϴϣˡ״վӵֱ׼֣Ժɷ֣Цݼȥ
һ·ϣ˶ûἰղŵ飬˵ЦСĴȥһղ֣ʲô˵ԻͰѳԿ´һţǰȥ
СĴһҲĻ꣬ƴ˿ڵĻ꣬ÿⶼõòС׼ȥˣҲǵóԸˡ
һٴλظ㼸˵Цس֪鲻ԭ򣬻ΪĻȷʵڣ˶ζܺãδ˼Լ´λԡ
ԺûؼңСɢһᲽǴֵ֮ľʢ֮ʣ˼䣬鲻ɵ÷֣ȫȴ˸ղŵĲ졣
һֱŵʱ˲ŻصС֣ڸղһڣԾеˣϴԺһṦ˯ˡһ̽£˯ˣʱشӴԺ󣬵һ֧̣˼˸ղŵ⡣
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Ŀǰɽ𻢣ɱĿǰҪ붯ѩ𲢲ףһ棬ļǣһ棬ɷ֯Ӫ꣬ӦúеҪֱӰѩ㷭ڵصĻȻǲʵʵ뷨
ҪƳһѣȻһûʲôСɫҪȻҲԵıϢ档ͬ˵ĻҲʲôѱϾӸϵ¿ɶģҲӦðɡ
˵˭ôһһҲģѾ˶Բߡھ޴ѹǰǺޱذ֪Ķ˵ģһܹʩ㹻ѹҪʵƻҪˣһȻą̨̊́ķ壬һǡ
öԲԺһֵһ֧̣ѾĲϸ˼һһӦ£ԱҪȫˣ¬ѵǻʡʡᣬԻ֮ǺСطܱģκ֮ǰһҪ˼С
һһ֧̣ϸڣõˮ©ʱȥʱһͷ촽һ£ﰵ˵ŷģҾԲһίġ
֣·һ㣬ذ巭תȥȴʼչ۵΢Цһ״ḧ£˭֪˯е֣ʶץסɷ֣Ȼקմȥ˯ø̤ʵˡ


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ڶһ磬һʱ֣Ÿո˳緹Ժ󣬾׼ֵˡ
֣׼ϳһ͵ʲôƵģ˵ҪûʲôµĻʹ̨пҪȥһ¡
֣⻰Ժһ㶣תһ룬ˣһȥ̨һΪ顣Ȼ֪Ϲȥ׼ʲôҲûжʡϴȥϺʡͷϹ⼸ںеĶԺѾյ°ˡȻѾҪȥ飬Ǿ˵а˲ϵİˣҲûҪʲôˡ
ϳԺ֣˵һ䣬֪ˣ㵱ģҪʲôҪϵģ͸Ҵ绰ҽĶҲȥʹ̨ˡ
һЦЦȻ˺һӻ˻֡ûǰ뷨֣ǲϣʲôΪһˣԼŮ˵ģǿɲķ
һӵĳʧԺûɣɣóֻһȥ
绰ͨԺ˺䣬һ˵ԷֻǷʱ䡣˭ֻ֪漴ˬʵЦ漴ֻһϸǲ֪ϢԲ绰ġ
һæ˵ֵܣɾԩˣмæ治֪Ϣˣôʱģ
ҪϰȥˣҰ١绰˴
Ŷȥ𣿲˵Ҫôô죿һʵ
ղŻ׼һĻ˼ʲô֪ˣҲûбҪٲҴˣŵ绰Цʲô鶼סϸѽϰ˵ȥе˽Ҫ죬Ծǰˡ
һҲǺһЦ漰Էϰ壬Ȼʣǻһ⣬ŵ绰˵ˣϵܣʡ̨һķĸ̨ʶ𣿡
Ļ䣬绰شʶϴε̨ϰԷĴһȥҲϤˣϴϰ廹һɩӵ飬ĵģôʲô𣿡
һѾ³ˣһ绰Ǵ¬ƿġѰ˼ҪʵּȶĿ꣬⿿ķܲһ뵽ƿʡί֯񸱲ĴأǺεȵݣòƵ̨棬Ӧûû˭Ҳӡ
һ֮뵽һУһԭûӣ̨ﴫЩԷ˭ķĻǽȥƽµĻǿе˼ˡ
һƿĻԺæ˵ϵܣˣҾɩ˵Ҹ̨ͦչģ׼ȥкҺϤԾ뵽㣬㲻᲻ϸӰɣ
ôأһǸлϸءƿڵ绰ͷЦ˵㿴ʲôʱȥڿǻڴء
Ǻǣϵܣǵˣˡһæ˵·ҲǾʮӹȥɣ㿴Ķҵʱȥ㡣
ס֯ں̩·ͷĲ·ϴԼ300׵ӡƿæ˵
Уˣҵʱٺϵ˯ĻɣҾͲˣݰݣ
һҲͶԷղڵ绰˵ģ飬ǿ϶Ƿˣֻպһٻˣ˵ôûõģҲ޲
ƿҶϵ绰Ժ˳˼һ绰еĪһʲôΪѵ飬ҪȻԲԼϵġ
ƿѾһ¬ĹϵȻеԭ򣬵ȴһҲͶԷùϵ֮ǰʶӵ֪һĴԺʶ͸ǿˡ
뵽Ժƿ͵زһ뷨ղŶԷȻ˵Ҫȥ̨Ҹ̨ķ壬ǰԷ绰õʱ˿աһĻһˡԺͳ绰ҳķĵ绰˳ȥ
ķӵƿĵ绰ʱ׼ȥʡίٿ飬̨ӡѾڳˣҲѾߵſڣŲ豭׼š
ʱ´ֻͻȻķͳһĻֻʾһ֡
ķһϰߣҪĵ绰ֻϡںͻעʡ飩˼ȷʡί֯ҪһĻͲˡ
ķ绰Ժæ˽Ȼ¬ƿæʵΣãķ壬ʲôָʾ
⻰ȻȥģǺöʱǴ쵼ģ⻰ϸҲûʲô̫⡣
ƿղźһͬ绰ʱ飬ȴ绻һһ㣬ֻһȻ󻺻˵̨һһȥ̨е£ذɣ
ķ⻰Ժæ˵Σʲô飬͹ȥĶһأ
ķʱѾȫҪȥμӻ飬ȻĶͷ˾֯ȴɴᣬƵġ˵ֻٿᣬûһҪӣµĻ˹ȥҲȫԡƿֱˣĶƳ١
ƿķĻǺģЦ˵㣬ֻѹȥǴʮҵǡ
ķ⻰һ룬λѽȻƿԸ绰֪ƿʱ˵ԷݣȻҲͲˣŵ绰˵УΣʱһĴݹ٣
ãɣˡƿ˵Ժ󣬾ֱ˵绰Է˵ĻᡣΪʡί֯񸱲飬ƿ֪²˵ĵյǡ֡


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ķֻװ´Ժ´򿪣Ȼ˵ȥһ̨е飬ͲȥˣŴȥɣ
⻰Ժһæ첽ȥ
һ׼һԺȥƿģǸֻˣһʾһİĺ룬Ӧ챾صģһ˽
绰һͨԷԱˣ촦ǰ־ֵľǿղϰ绰ң˵ең㿴ھ͵У֪Ƿʱ䡣
һ뻹ͶԷٿһ£뵽˵ĻǿӦˣԾûҪʵˡ˵Ǿ鷳ˣڵУأ㵽ſڵʱҵ绰
ǿ󣬴Ӧһ͹Ҷ˵绰
һ֪һϲˣҲ׼ȥˣûͽˣ쵳УǵϢֻ۱ֻˡۿϿʱˣڽĻɲ̫㣬Ͼչ˵Ͽνʦӣ˼شҵȴվߣôأ
ʶԺһ˽ң׼ȥȻᡣߵſڵʱӭͷײһͷ˼Ĳʡ֮ǰǸгѾûʲôָˣԴһ˵Ժ˼ֻˡ
ʾ׼һһ£ôءҪĻôףҲǲѶΪ֮ۿУѧϰҪˣ¶ǾζŻûʲôָˡ
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ʮа˾ûɣҪȻĻԷءԷϢʲôı֣ԲҸû˵ĵط뵽ʱ򣬲ʾûˣ˵ϣԽʧԽ󣬿⻰û
һϳԺ󣬲Ҳһߵĳȥһûȿڣͼңһʧ͸ı飬һ룬ĪǲҲʲôùˣҪȻӡ
΢΢һЦԲ˵ܸ磬ôˣɫɲôÿѽ
һɶ˵ɣû£ŵסһ˵棬ܴҲǵһˡ
ʲôһŶԷʵ汻ûͷûԵĻ˵סˣ֪Ժ¡
⻰Ժȼϣʵ㲻Ҫûϣѽôû
ʸղź֪˸ղŵľԺɲ֪Ծ˵ûʱ
һڶе㱻Է˵Ժˣ룬ĶĶѽ߰ģһỹ飬Ҳ׼ٺͶԷˡ
򿪳һ̸֧ԷȻֱ˵¸㶨ˣĻͻϢε鲻ףԺ󣬾͵һ㣬Ҫʲôѱ
㡭˵ҵǸ¸㡭㶨ˣеŵĸоͰ͵ʵ
ôŲѽһ̧ͷһۣȻʵ
ǲı飬ԷƽʱȻ׳嶯̵ֶе΢΢ĸоǵһμ
ٳˣĵľǨ֣ƽʱأˣ˾˵Ĺؼʱ̣ò
Ҳ˼ֵɱᡣæ͵е㲻ţôŲأ
Ǻǣ֪ˣϸ磬İɣҺ㿪ЦѡһЦ˵֮ǰֵúþһۣڿɶʵְˣǧҪֵһѽ
ϵܣ˵ʲôһȥ֪ͨƣʱ㶨ǲ顣ʴ˿̵õ޷ˣһĵ˵
Уҿϰɣ쵳Уһᰲž۲ʲôġһ˵
ãǾϣȥ֪ͨȥʱ˵ƿţ׼³ȥˡͻȻʲôƵģתͷһ˵ֵܣϸһˣľͲ˵ˣݶ飬ҼˣԺ󣬲ʲôʱ䣬ʲôطֻҪõϸĵطһ绰֤ʧ
Ǻǣܸ磬⻰ɾˣֵ֮䣬˵ЩɾͼˡһŲһ˵
УģҾͲ˵ˣ˵ʱ˵һļϣһ£Ȼ͵ƿ³ȥˡ
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뵽Ժһе㲻ˣ͵һҡͷȻȥԼˣ⼸Ƚ϶࣬еʴӵĸоɲһһ֧̣еЩǲţǼģĻⲻκջ񣬶һԼһĪУк档
һڳϣ̣Ŀ񣬵һѡ񣬴ʱ䲻ȣϮ˾֮
һ֮ʣֻͻȻʶΪǰ־ֵľֳǿġͳֻһʾǡš֣֡ʱô绰ģѵֳʲôˣ뵽Ժæ˽


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У֪ˣģϹһݰݣһ˵
ţݰݣ֣ҲҶ˵绰
صҵʱ֣ݵĸоҲûܹôίƵǲ֪ȥ˵˳ɻûӰ飬˵˶ˣҲ˻Ϊ档
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ϹĿԺ΢һ㣬賿ĵԺͷ飬һֱû˯š
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ں֣ĹϵԸµʱһ֣ۡһھ͸˴𰸣˵ҥԵľǸΪ쵤
֣쳣ᶨ֪һʮİգǾֱӴ绰Ϲˡ
绰Ժ󣬺ʵϹ׼
֣Ŷյ绰ûʻԺ󣬵˵ͷ˵糿ʱ˵׼һ£˵һݷһ̨Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
֣ĻЦ˵Ϲ㣬С¶Գ㶨ҼλҪһ˯ҲЦѹ
֣˺ýõĽ֮Ȼǿ֮ȴûб¶ϣǻһ⣬գ˵Сѽҵ飬Ҷˣҹû˯á׼ؼɷʹ˵ģˣҲû˼
ΣѽһڳﳤģЩũżʣ˭˭˳ۣ˵һЩЩ߰ĳʱ򻹱б۵ģȹˮƽɸ߶ˡյ˵
Ҳһ˾֣º⣬ҲǱŷؿӺ֣ʱദ֮Уհٷ֮ٵĿԿ϶޵ͷ򵥣ҲΨ֣հ뷨Ҳղһ˵쵤׵ԭ
֣⻰Ժ󣬹Ȼһæʵգ˼˵ũìܵʱ򣬾𣿡
ѽҲǳü֮һˡջشҪɢҥԵ˱Էץʵˣ˼Ҿͻֱȥͣʱ֪ǾԲһֵġΪ֣Ųɣջ˴͵Ķ
⻰Ժ֣ûٿڣϵıѾ֮ǰɶˡʱ鲻õ飬ҪˡѵĿܴ»СС»ˡѡͨɱķʽԼˣЩ⣬Ϊһʱ嶯Ҫ侲˼ӣеľǸ˵ġ
һҶϵ绰Ժƿ˳ӣУĴſʻȥ뷴һỹҪȥֱӰѳſڳȾǿʡûҪٴ绰ģҲֳܱһݳȻԷΪ˵绰ԭ򣬵Ҳ̫дˡ
һһֱһ˾һҾһɵһ£ڳһȵļƳ
һѳ˵УĴţͣǽϣ׼֧̣ͻȻһ۶Уſڵʱһɲͣסˡһľֻ׼绰أӦþǾǿˣȣȻƿȥ
ǿǽһӵĵ绰ģԷУʡί֯һԺ˵նԷ˵Ļȥˡ
ǿ⻰Ժһ㶣ΪĸϰΪˣټԷôһӣɵöһ˼֡


ʮ ΪЧ
ϰĵ绰ҶԺŸõĺ벦˹ȥͨ绰Ժе㲻ȷˣΪԷ˵һˡľʡί֯ĴһڵУޣþǿе۾ĸоҲеϰղ˵ԭˡ
ϵķǿȻκε飬Ҷϵ绰Ժһ˼žͱУˡԷʲô齻ȥ죬Ҳûʦڵġ˵Уſڣѳͣס׼Է绰͵ԶɣȣȻһʮ˴ӳ
ǿĴе㲻ʹˣȻ֮ǰͨ绰Ѿʶ˶ԷǸˣǰλδҲ̫һɡʮ侹ȻѾǴɲˣһţ֯ģҪǸղ׿ڸԷݣԲš
ǿֻ΢΢һԺæƿţӾȻ첽ӭȥһԶĵط˵촦ɣǰƷ־ֵľǿã
֣ãһ˼鷳ˡһ˵ŶԷ֡
ǿҲæֺһһգ˵촦ɾ̫ˣѣǾҵ쵼ˣΪЧ̸ͣ鷳һء
һ󣬾öԷ⻰δ̫ǣǿһ㣬Ҳûж˵ʲôЦ˵֣˼ѽμѵҲûа칫ʲôģֻ㵽̸ˣˡ
촦ˣ룡ǿ˵߳һһơ
һʱ򣬾ǿʶذ鲢Ϊٶһȥˣ仰һ˵ԸղŵĹ۵˻ɡԷ˵񣬲ǳһҲЩѧŸĸӵˣ֮䲻ȸղŸӹ˼֡
֣룡һҲžǿһơ
ܶԷǲǹٶͳ˼ʵְݣټԴкǿҲһǰףһǫ֮󣬻һǰ棬ȴŶԷĶþǿһܳ뾪ĸоҲ˽һ˽һǰ˵뷨
ϳԺһҲûпͰǰϸ˵˳Ȼû˵ϵʱһŮˣֻ˵ϻһѣϺ˵ƣһѽǹȥʹؾͰѳʻС档
ǿЩϸڲģͨԷıе˼ֱӿʵ촦˼ǲ˸ҳ
һԷ˵ôֱףҲûʲôģЦ˵ѽ֣Ҳ֪Ȼ˵ϴˣﻹе㲻̤ʵĪر˸ϣиоǲˬ뾰ְæ
û£촦¾ͽˣһϢĻһϵǿ˵ˣǵ˵һ飬Ҳһ㡣
áһ˵˵УһŰͷһ۾˵ʱеұбˣмǸвŸ硣
ǿæʵ촦һвŸģ
ڣ˵мֵˣΪͷǳ˶ϲõķͣ˵бۣǿܾһһָоһǶȵĻҲͿˡֻСŸ硱ĴºţȴʵʵģҲŹϵǸ١
û֣ǽ˺üŸ磬϶ûһ϶
Ÿ硱ӡʵ̫ˣһװ˵ĸͷԲģҲǵʱһʲôǷ֮ҪԭҲöԸŸȻǸӲ磬һһĻһûлʤİգοʱһǾͱˡ
УֻҪ촦ܹȷϣĻɾ׶ˡǿ˵ҾͲ촦ˣϢĻٺϵ
Ǿ鷳ˣֻе㲻ģҲ̫Ծ㡭һ˵ʱ򣬹ͣס˻ͷ˼öԷҪ̫ż
ǿȻһе˼ȴ˵촦̫ˣһϢϰ˵Ұ²ˣǺǡ
ǿ˵ͬʱ۾һ⻰һ˵ʵ̽һһ֮ĹϵԷȻ֯ĴǶ˵ΪעĻĶͷ˾̬ȣʡί֯˵̫ңԶˣ˵ǰ˸Ӷš
һȻ׶Է˼˵ܰȥһ£ĳͺܸмˣ˵һȥ˵ġ
⻰ԷźźȷֻҪȥ죬ʹʱ֮ûϢҲûйϵ˵Ǳߣ˵ġ
ǿ⻰Ժһ࣬촦ԼϰĹϵͬһ㣬ҪȻҲ˵ġ뵽Ժ󣬾ǿӼᶨҪ¸㶨˼
ãҾˣٺ촦ϵǿ˵ƿš
һҲĺӳ˻ֵټԺ󣬾ǿʹԼľȥˡһȶԷϳԺ󣬻˻֣ԼĳľںӾʧһ֧Լһ½ǿˣʱͲҪٷʲô˼ˣһȥ̨飬ϸıһȻ׼ˣǾͲܳʲô⣬ĻҲԲԼô˼ȥıƪ֡
ϸ˼һԺȷûʲôˣʱҲˣһ㷢˳ӣֱ̩·ȥˡǱǺϤȥõʱԼʱ䣬ĻɾͲˡ
ʡίʡںͺ̩·Ӧ·ϣǶ˵Ӧʡˣ°ʱΪæµʱ㣬ӦûãҲһһ׼


ʮ ʾ
ָصԺһ˿ʱžŵʮ壬Ǳѳͣһ׼һȡ˭֪հѳϨ𣬴Ӷĸͤ߳һྯûӦԷѾһȻò˵ʾļʻ֤ʻ֤
һһ㶣ʵôΥ
ྯ첢ûκνֻͣǰѸղŵĻظһ飬һֻ׼ó֤˵ȫԾܾܼģ⳵ҵĿǾգȫɲطϵĽģҪƿȥ£ҲͶԷĥߴ⳵Ҳ֤ȫûʲôɵĵġ
ӹһĵݹı֮Ǹľϸ쿴һȻ󻹶ŶԽ˵һЩʲôȥˣһû˵ʲô
ԺǸľ֤ݻȻ˵һ䣬طͣ㻹ȥɡ
һһ˳ӣ·ߵһ̵ſڡ
ҵʱ䣬һƿ߹ˣ漴³Ժ֡ƿҲѾһֱ˹
ϳԺƿȻһȥʡ̨е棬Է˵ĻȻв˵ĵҲûпȥ˱һһ
һ߰ѸղǸཻ˵˳ƿ˵ǰʱ˵ӦвƳвֱþգ˵Ҫ٣ƺеϵ
ŶһʱŻȻҿղûоܾǸļ飬ҪȻ¼пִˡ˼ڸרΣȴӲǲϣǰ˼άȥǣ⳵һ⣬ҪȻôܼأĻ˵Ҫϰųܸ㶨
СԺһԽ˻ǵ͵һãûµʱװƣʡõʱ
˱˵ģܿҪ̨ſˡƿĵģ˵һ䣬ŮƵĵطѽźǣҳʶķ帱̨⣬һҲϤ
һЦ˵ϵܣỹûŮѰɣҪɩӰŽһ
ðǾͰϸˡƿٵ˵
һźۼĽƺģʵȴ⡣ƿ˼ԣڸһķĵ̣֮ǰѾͶԷϵˡһҲܺԷ¶һµףԷΪŵ飬ҲԲʲô˵顣
˵ƿŮ֮ģֻдǶѣһ£λãҪ봦ŮѵĻҪ˰Ž
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һʱҲڰ벻ƿ֮ǰѾķϵˣԷһ˼֮ˣֵһ
̨СƣһŮѾͺԼãʮҺһȥݼĸ
֮ǰĸĸһֱͬ˽ҪΪһûʲôϢϵŬԷĸĸɿڣŮѵĸҪȥسԽȥԸ緹
Сʼ׼ͱ˵ģ˵ͷǶҪȥᣬҲٵˡһˣһ棬һ棬һڱ򡣽ǡֵСڱ棬ûʲô£Ҳ˵ˣһȥδҳԷ
Ҳ֪СŮļҳʾͬ⣬ɿˣҲΪˣȻûвӦĵ
ŵʱСŮѴһ绰ھ͹Ȼһȥ׼ѱŮѾڲԶ̳ϰ࣬һӦþͻˡ
С׼̧ߣ͵ؿ̨ķ˽Сһסˣ֪Ǹýã˺ãһʱһ£̨֪ӹȥôˣơ
ݵһԺСӭȥкķΪԷһѪӦһṦͻˡ˭֪֮ǣķ徹Ȼģһݡж
Сʱ޵˼ˣ룬һ̨ҪֽĻòư칫Ҿаɣôܵء
СȻģǽһӣҲҰ⻰˵ֻñϹϾվһߡǲǸø̨ˮɲǽӴңĶıأǱһһˮ⣬ҲûдõĲ豭ˡ
ķ嵽ȻΪ˵ƿģ֪Է¬ǰķԲҵʱˣ˱ֵҡȲԵ̫ƿӡֻҴ̨֪ǣһ㣬ҪСˡ
ķִٵվԼǰ˵ȥæɣû£ֻǿᱨֽ
˵⻰ʱ۾̧û̧Ϊװ濴ֽͬʱעȫ˴ſڣĸоǲˬڵ̨˵һҪǱȥȻԵһ飬ĻԿȻҲֺöֵģǱ˿ɲôΪ
С⻰Ժ룬ΪԸվǰѽؼҲѽδһ̨֮⣬λȥŮѼҳԷˡƵⷹԺݹҲͲҪҪˡķһۣЦ˵ֽ̨µĻֻܽҡ


ʮ רŵȺ
СĻ䣬ֵҵ͵رƿˣһʮͷŮӣţߴеСûأѽɶ绰ˡȻû·ĥʲôأǵģ
СŮǸӣ˵翪ǹƵյģ˲졣Сʱ򣬾ͿʼʹɫˣȻȴǰҲûС
ķ屻ŮĻסˣ˵ʵѵõſ˵ЩշԬһŲ֪˵Ժķе׶Է˼ˣСӺԼҪȥƺŮţ⵹е˼ѽ
Сʱײǽ˼ˣȻѾˣҲȥˣ󷽵ضķ˵̨ҵŮ·С÷ȻֲŮ˵С÷̨
·С÷˿̴סˣղѻ绰Ȼ׼һʱҲûġɲһˣҪ˵̨ˣľٹ벻ȻײһС̨ܹ쵼̨ţǸδһ֡
뵽Ժ·С÷ֻǰһڣ֪˵ʲôˣ̬վأ˺ð죬ŵ˵̨ãҡСе飬ȥҼҵġ
ķԺ󣬺ǺһЦС˵С԰ɣǵ̨СǿѽȻҵôƯŮѣɣ٣Ůѳȥ䣬Ҫ˵ġ
̨⡭ǡСǲԼĶˣһӾ֪λشˡ
ǶʲôأҪٲȥĻһδҪˣһŭ֮£˵ͲŮϱˣҪеΡҪǱĻð죬ôƯһҵĶȥķЦ˵
ĻԺСŮѶͨ죬˼صͷСԷղǻڿЦǾŮѵ֣ķ˵һллȻȥ
ճţ·С÷˵С·һ
̣ų̂ҸһСС˵ҳллˣʲô·
·С÷⻰ԺҲúеǸѴǰȥ
ķС˷㣬ҲԼ˷㣬ҲҪƵģĶŴſˣǵһ֧̣۾һעſڵĶеΪѵǲ֪ԷʲôҪȻĻҲòôѾ
һĳڵ̨ĴſͣԺֻһűƷ׼ڣƿѾ˵ˣҸ̨ҸղźϵˣҸ绰
æ˵̨ǡ
Ļ˵һ룬ķѾǰȥұܱߴкΣΣ˼ˡ
һ룬ĶˣѾȰˣķ̬ȻǺͬġСϾͿԿ¬һǾһѡġ
ƿʱҲķ壬ƳţЦ˵̨ѽҸ׼λСֵܸ绰
ƿķıֻǺģҪһ˹ĻԷſӭνһԱߣķһĻεоݣôܲأ
ҵֵתת벻ôɣǾ͹ˣǺǣķ岻ɫ˵ƿһóרӭģֻЩ˵ˣǾû˼ˡ
һ⻰Ժķһ֣µˮ©ԺҲǵ㵽ֹ˴򽻵ʡĵġ
ƿʱװȻӣķ˵̨һ£λ֯ɲĴһͬ־
ķһ㶣ĴԶʱе㲻ˣɲǸģû˵̨ʲôѽ֪λкιɡ
һıԺˣԷһ֪һݣǰһЦ˵̨쵼쵼һֱæûʱΣԾһݷһ£ˡ
ķ⻰ԽԺˣƿ״ЦŰŽ͵̨ܻ֪ɣһķ˿µıղ˵쵼쵼ʲô˼˰ɣ
ķ⻰Ժӳæ˵µûĻ촦쵼ӦþŲС֣֣ɡ
ķղһûзӳ뵽ϴ¬˵ĻȻ֪һ˭ˡ
ĻԺһЦ˵̨Ҳˣڼ飬̧֣һֱûлǲ˼
⣬ʲôչ˲ܵĵطֵܶϾݣǺǡķЦ˵
֪һԺķѾ֪ԷΪˡ˵ʵ˵һЩԷɢҥԵȻеͷԣû˵֣˭ôֻ쵼ִ֮ķеײҿڣΪʱվĻпñ˲룬տܰԼݽȥǨĹؼʱ̣治
˼ѾҵˣҪ˵ƺе˵ȥǾԼһּѡĽڣӦҲ˵ùȥԷȻҲʶһ鷳£Ļʦڣƿ
ƿ֪һԼһ£ֻԷûᣬҲûʣķһ˵͸ȷˡķղǻŪһУҪŪƿĻȻвͨΪʡί֯񸱲飬ڵ̨Ǻġ
ƿɫʱͲÿˣķ˵̨㿴ǲȥİ칫ܲǾվڴſڰɣ
ķ֪һֱȫעعעƿһϵı飬ͼƿɫԣټĻһæ˵촦Σ룬룡


ʮ ˵©
һ׼ȥģ˭֪ķѾŲԶıˣѳԿ׵˽ȥ˼粢ż磬һķİ칫ȥ
֣ڵŲſڣҪʮʱվʱʱվڴϹһһӳʱֿķӭȥ֣е֪ôˣֻϹǸ˵е²͸֮ǰûмƿȻͲ֪Էˡ
ռ֣վڴǰ̽¿ϵ֮ǰԷ˵ģϹߵҲ濴ȥһԺ󣬶˵ϹĹˣ
֣ûüشֻǰһӰ쵤֪ĶðģҲһķ˵Ц̨ţɫһףĿ벻һģ
쵤ЩС֣һԶ˵˵Ҫݷһ̨һΪЦģ벻ˣҲ֪ǲ£
⻰ԺȻ׶Է˼Ц˵ѽǲǴ绰Ϲһ£˵˵飬ʡеû£ϲҽͷӡ
쵤һ⻰ɫɷףΪ֣֪ڱĹڿ˼Ѿȫ֪ˡе㺦ˣȻ˵㲦˼Ҳûֱôȥ㣬ҪʲôµĻλȫƵøɸɾģʱùĻ
쵤ʱеԼˣ±ûаëǮĹϵȴӲҪͽǳԱ˳šڵã̲ôпܰԼݽȥǵòʧѽ
֣˶յĻԺװԥһȻ˵˰ɣ϶£ҾͲ鷳ˡ
쵤⻰Ժ󣬳һ֣״룬죬Ҫǲ㳤ԣҾͲ֣
ķƿһ칫Ժλݲ裬æص̵һʦģͨԷı֣ҲóȻķûг֣ҪȻĻڵ˵زûбҪ̫Էˡ
ڸǿƵʱһҪǿƣñ˲ҶС֮ġ⻰һһֱμġ
ԺƿЦŶķ˵̨һ˵˰ɣһǰʱڵУѧϰģڴѵۿҪˣ¬飬βĴԺǾһĻͶˣɩʲôĻ̨ġ
ƿҲ֪һӾʲô飬ΪǱȽ鷳ֵ֣԰¬̧˳˵һĿģ̽һ¬֮䵽ʲôϵ
ķ⻰Ժ󣬺亹ֱðԷ⻰ѾˣòײŴ¬ߵģʹ˶ϵǲŽء
ƿĻ䣬ķæ˵κ촦ģ֮ǰĳʲôòλģǶൣԺһһĽ
ƿ⻰ԺЦ˵̨⻰ɾˣǲֹһ˵̨ĹǺǿģԴֵİϺһס
ллллΡķæ˵
ƿĻԺķİڵֻҪȼʱĻӦûʲô̫⡣
һ˵ĶԻڶϸһ΢©׳Ժ뵽Ժ΢΢һЦȻһ˵Ƿȥݷ¬ʱҲһ䣬̨ǰ;ѽԺգǺǣ
һĻԺƿķ廥һۣĿֻһȻ漴ŲƿȥԷ˭˵һ䣬ʵ⣬˶Ϊһ˵©ˣƿһҲйνˣô֮ǰû˵©죬ȻԷ˵ġ
ƿϾ¬ˣϢʱ򣬲̫𾪣ķȻ֮ǰѾ֪֣¬еϵ벻˫ĹϵȻ׽һĻʲô˵˼ϹҪģƳֵĻҲ˳ʦؼǿԽѺ¬֮Ĺϵʵˡ
֮ǰ֣Ҳһ˵¬ǰке֮ǰǻˣ֪˵øֱһˡ
ķԺЦ˵лκ촦ĹˣĻҾͲ˵ˣһжжУǺǣ
̨ˣҴҼҵһʾлˣһվķ֡
ķƨװ˵һ㣬סһ֣˵촦ˣ˵Կѽ룡
ķ˵һһơ
һҲɳԺ͵ʲôƵģķ˵̨㿴ǲҪȥݷһѦ̨
ķ⻰Ժһ죬ڱĵӹڣԿȥҲô̫Եġղ˵ֻǶ֣˼ҪϴҪ󣬵Ҳ̫֡
һ˵촦ҿͲˣѦ̨׶岻̫ãܻûйϰࡣҲûܼʱӦԭǰ챾㱨һ£ϵԺ˵ȥҽԺˣҲûкö˵ʲô
һ⻰Ժæҡ˵̨ղŲ˵𣬹ȥ飬ǾͲ̸ˣһǰҵ˼ǽòװˣôҲʶһ̨쵼ɣ
ķ̨㲻ҪˣһôƽϵˣԺġƿһĻ˵
ããҿ֮ˡķ˵վ˵ıˮǳĻȥ֮


ʮһ еҶѿ
ķҲᣬͷĥ¾ô죬öԷأ˵ʵ⻹Ǻ̵ܿģΪƵĶ治̫֡Ҫ֪˭ҥͺˣ˵ԩͷծֱ֣ⲻ漰棬֣ӦҲܹ˻޻˵˭ûҽͷġȫƵרԱû¸ɵļһȻúʰһ
ķԺһ˸һ֧̹ȥķѸٵͳΪ˵˻һһԷִ磬ɾ͹ˣƿֻ΢΢һƾܵĶȻ̹Ȼ֮ˡ
ķļȻһƿҪߣһƿֻ֯칫ҹĸΣѣķʸĸˣһ˳ĻҪ˶ãɾɲˡκһƿıվ¬ķֻܶǹмˡеȻһԭ򣬾ķ֣ϣûмʱ֣ͨҲҪһǸ⡣
ĵ̬ҲΪˣеĻһƿǶ϶ϲдġٳйٳĹأִĻɾͻ˹أ˭ҲԸȥɵµġ
һԺһᵯ˵̻ңȻװ˵̨ǵ̨ǲи쵤ģ
ѽô촦ʶķһĻԺһ㶣漴ʵ
ķǴӵײͨСһһģ̨˵ָơ쵤ŮʲôɫȻ֪Ůмٽ°ʱ򣬴û֦չعֻҪбʾĻһֱĻ꣬۶ûԷһֱӰˡ
֣Ϲ͵ᵽ쵤ʲô˼ѵŮ˺Ƿ֮仹ʲôϵһֱûⷽķѽȳ̽һ¡Ҫ˵չ֣Ļķ嵹ν˵ʱЩԷﶼֻǱ˵ĶˡҲչһ쵤еͷۣ㲻þͻԼȥһҪ̽Էղǻ⣬Ȼټ¡
һķıԺ֪Էǻ˼ˣǶϵĲ豭ᴵһĲҶȻЦ˵̨ĲҶֻˮòƲ̫ƬҶѿǸ棬Ȼʲô˵飬ȷʵᣬ˵ǰɣ
ķһ˵Ҷʱ򣬲û̫⣬ʱе˶Է˼ˡһԺЦ˵ѽ´һעһҪˮտˣЩСҶѿʲôģҲʵˡ촦˵԰ɣ
̨ʹ죡һЦ˵Ȼһתͷƿ˵ƿϵܣҸǲѽʶ̨ˣΪҪǻѧµķ˿İ
һ˵òȷʵ˿ģƿҲЦ˵
̸֮ˣҲһе㵣Ѷ̫Ҫķ㲻ĻҲÿǵ֪һ¬֮ĹϵԺ͸ˡ
ķ忴˵ıԺͷһ漴һƿ˵Ҫ̨ﱨһȥһԺȥʡ̣ͨҪǱߴʱ䣬һæͰ¸ˡǱߺ񻹴ߵñȽϼλ쵼Եһ£ھͰ°һ¡
˵ԺҲ˱ֱ̬ϵĵ绰˹ȥķĵ绰շ£ղæŶ˲赹ˮǸ˽ǳһƿ˵ͷȻߵķĸǰ˵ϰ壬ң
ķ˵Сѽȥǰ첿﷢ǸԮʡıùھдһ¡
⻰΢΢һ㶣ϰ廹˵ȷһţϹȥϹȥˣ˭ȥǵˡǶɽ߻ʵԶһʡǣ̣ͨ˼ҪġôеȲˣϰ뷨ĥûϵؼҪᶨƵȥִС
һԺѸԼİ칫ȥõǷѾѹһļűԺ󣬿첽߻صķİ칫ҡѱݸķԺ󣬾׼˳ȥˣ֪طӦôġ
ķ״񣬶˵ȥһˣҵ쵤ϣȻݱҪдã칫ҵ͹ȥ
⡭ķҲһˣһôҪ飬ԷΪôѵ⡣ԽһתװΪѵ˵ϰ壬ǸǸ쵤Ļ̨Ǳ߻᲻ʲô
˵ʱ˻ͷ˼ȴû׵ġ
ķ⻰ֿ˻Сƽʱƺ«Ƶģǹؼʱ̣仰˵ÿеˮƽԺصһ¡⻰ķҾ㴫ȥĻһûС
쵤ȷʵ̨еϵѾһǰˣ˻ź˿̨Ҫ֪ķҪҲԲġΪһ˾ɷŮˣȥһΪһֵˣǲˮ
⻰һ˵ķҪ쵤Ů˺ðŶƵģȻԸ⿴Ľ
ֲ֧ķϿһҲûб¶ȵʲǫ̂Ը̨ģҵĻȥ´μסٵٲ٣Ա˳ŵ㣡


ʮ Ϸ
鰤ķԺһȻȥԺ͸ղˣ״˿ȫԿ϶ղ˵ǻϰҪġΪķΪˣҪʲôǵˣԲѵ⣬ǰһһߣԼȥ˼ĶˡԷһ̬ϰϷ˿ˡϰϰ壬пɲһĸߣԺһҪѧһ㡣
һƿȻȷķȫϷ֪һпŵĳɷ֣һöԷĻֻģ߷Ϊ١ղѾ֣˵ˣ֪쵤Ǹʲôɫ˵Ǹ̨йϵһţ˵ķҪ㵽ʡȥ̨ˣһҲšڻʡ̨쵽̨ģ˭ɵѽΪһ˭ϵŮ˺δһַԴһǱżˣһòᡣ
ȻƳ˶ԷڹϷҲòʾһ£һķһۣЦ˵̨ҸղҲһ˵е̫ʽˣΪ¸ʲô鷳ɣ
Ǻǣ촦ܷģô˵ҲЩˣȻ˵˵һ쵼ͬ־ǶǻҼӵġķЦ˵
һ⻰Ժе׶ԷˣղôΪ˵жѣΪչʾʡ̨һĶֵϻкеġ
վķĽǶҲûʲô⣬˵¬ôҪıһֵıҲô򵥵ģΪҪһǸ˵εĹ൱ҪģҲǻֵܾǿзǳǿĹô쵼ƼʱҲͦøֱˡ
ѽһķ̨ղǻʵʵ˵ѽĹǲֹһǽܹȷʵֵѧϰѽƿЦ˵
˵ǧƨô˵ķѾŬڰˣƿҲԷӡ˵ûҲͷ飬˭أ⻰Ժ˽ԴϲֶΪأ
⻰ԺķǫһǼܲסһƿ˫лҲĬ漴Ļ˵ƨһʱ֮䣬ʡ̨̨İ칫Цϡڡ
˵ԺֳһЩлм䣬Ѿõıķǩ֣ǩԺ˶Էһ䣬һϰ͸칫ҵȥӦһ׼ȥ
ķ˵Сѽ绰ϴȥ䣬ʮһҹȥԷ
ķĻԺһȻˮƽ˳ָ˵ıˮԼİ칫Ҵ绰ȥˡ
ƿ״æֹ̨ˣǲԷһ顣
һ״ҲƳ٣˼ҰæģҲͰˣĶзöԷ͵ĵ
ķЦ˵λ쵼ɾǲˣôæܹⷹҪԵİɣ
ķ⻰˵ȷʵҲˡƿһ£Ц˵̨Ȼʢ飬еȴ֮ˣȷʵ£һ֪ģҪϰ嵽ȥ
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ķȻ׶Էе˼Ц˵ΣҿָлˣɣȻϰȥ飬ǸɴֱӹȥɣⷹԣҪԵġ
һҲں渽ͣƿȷʵҪ¬ȥ֮ǰƻЩҪ׼ԼҲ飬Ȼ֪еĹŹڡ
˶˵ƿҲûƳ٣Ц˵УҾ͹ˡ˵վ׼粽͵ʲôƵģһ˵ϸ磬Ȼ̨ʢ飬ҲͱˣɩҲһϰɣҲѧһ䣬ôæҪԵġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬽һܵƿϸģȻ󣬵ģȷʵǳܵ
һڣķæ˵ΣͲ˵Ҳ׼ôȥ죬Ķ쵼ĵǰɣ
⻰һڣ˶ЦһΪɽ𻢺ɱСѾɱˣһĿǴﵽˣΪɽһ㣬ӸһȥԷγҲһõİ취
ߵſԺķ֣Сæ첽˹ķĶ˵䣬ƨƨߵ¥ݴȥˣܱͳֻϴƵ绰
쵼쵼һ⣬ղ˵ʮһȥԷȴ͹ȥɲŸոʮһѽҲ߯һɣ⻰Ҳ룬ǽһҲ˵
绰ȥ⣬̨ȥ֣һȥԷղҲֻƬ˵һ֣ɷ򣬿ƽʱɽ¶ˮģȻôţϹ
̨͸ղŵϵһ룬е׹ˡǸ쵤һʼٸߣ˼ˣѹϰղôݡ
еͬ쵤ʹȥǧ֮⣬һǰ֮ãȴһ㶼ˣӦǾϻ֮˱пɺ֮
֣һԺһֱĲɵģҲûߣһ죬ȥᣬҲ޼ɵˡƽʱҪŵ쵤ԷȥǴС棬Ȼˡ


ʮ ֮˱пɺ֮
쵤˿Թ˲Ͼأ֣ܵǰϴôĺѡ˷ôȥˣ֣ҲδؾͻԭϾ£һŮ˵ȷʵ̫ˣ֪󵹸꣬Ǹĺùӳԡ
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֣ͶڵͻȻ쵤ܹ˵أ
֣üͷһ壬룬ңԼѽҪʲô۶ûһ£վֱſȥԴ糿˵Ǹ쵤ģ֣ͺ֮ˡ
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쵤ɾе˵ȥˣ֣֮˵ԩ޳ʱڲ˽֮ദû㲻Ȼɵڱͱӣôأ
յŲſڵʱ򣬾Ϳ쵤æѯʶԷġ˵һ䣬֣ƨɺ˻ƵģæܣȻϢ֣
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֣˶Էƺô£쵤ĿɿڴıԺ󣬹ʵ飬̨ʲô飿
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ղŵĻشѾöԷˣڻϽͣװɷнµ˵ˣ㣬Ǳ˵ˣǱ̨ȥԷء
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⻰Ժ󣬲ǶˣЦ˵λŮ㣬ܲܿ㣬ǱأҪٲȥĻҿܾҪˡ
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˵쵤Թ԰֣Ͷմ˿̵Ƿǳģ˸ķ¥ȥ
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ʮ һϲҳ
ķǰߵĹУо쳣Ҳǳ˵ĵаɣ䲻ԵɣһԿ϶еشš
ķ͵Ťתӣİ칫¥ȥЩͷѸٲˣΪ˿ٶܣϧӱ˵Ľϲȹǰ칫ʱҳһšʵǴҵöѣһ£ٶԶľ룬ķôܿ˭˭أ
ٷԵÿǱȻ⣬ҪԵģķȴҲǶֵļνɡ˵ʵĳϣɵȥŪһһԵ÷⡣
磬Ҷֻһƿơƣټƿ飬ʮ㣬ٷͳˡ
ķҪȥ칫һһƿȴˡķҲ֪ƿȷʵ£Ҳûж
֮ʱһסķ˵̨Ǹ鷳ˣֵٺúþһۡ
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֣Ͷ⻰Ժæ˵лл̨Ĺģ
һ˶Էֱ׵ر̬е㲻ˣæ˵̨⻰ˣһĹİɣ
ƿһĻ˵̨ҺϰӶлֵ˲顣
ĶҪأдܣٲλʱһҪѽķЦ˵
һ󣬲ûпڣѾˣƿѵ̨̨̨뵽λһǴкһҲһ࣬ڱĵġ
Ǹ쵤ֻһֻѣѩɡεļʧԺ󣬲֪´λٸʲôôĵģ׳нʱ̨쵼û֧һССĸҲQʲô
ӵ̨Ժƿ˵ֱȥˣһһ򣬱ɣֱʡίȥʡ֯ΪʡίһҪɲ֣ʡίԺ¥칫һûаѳȥǵſڵʱ򣬱ͣ˻ټԺƿ㲽н˻ʡȨġ
һ·ϣһû˵ʲôл֮Ļ֪ʱ˵ЩĻԵЩˡԷæһһᱨģƿҪʲôһ֪ҲˣȻкܶʱܹ쵼ҲǴѡ˭һԼ̨Ȼһչأһ˿̺ܵ¬֮ĹϵҪԷֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
һתͷ׼УķʻȥʱֻͻȻһʾϵĵ绰æ˽
ڵ绰˵׼ϱһˣǱߵ鳹׽ȻӦһ˼ʱⷽĶһЩ˽⣬ڵĶλԭȵĴͳУڵĴˣ׼һˡ
һʲôʱ˵Ļ¾ͲˣĻҲᳬһ¡˵ϲһȥһ֣ʱȥ˳ǿȰԺһӦԺһЩл͹Ҷ˵绰
ֻһԺһţҸʱҪú̸һ̸ˣĻм֣Ӧǲѡ񡣴Ժһ͹ʻƽȵУʻȥ
ڿΣһһҲûţæź̸˷šʼʱ̸ȷһŹôûģ
һЦŻһ䣬ôˣ
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֮һ䣬һţĳʵеѰʵİ칫ûбˣеˡ
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һʶǾҪнҵʽˣ̸ΣȻæģǱ㲻ٶˡ
̸꿼״ŷʵҵʽͻ͵飬ǰѾźˡ˵Ŀֻǲϣһ칫νһ;һҪת۵ϣɲϣΪ֮鲻Խʲô鷳ĻҲһӡ
һ̸֣꿡鶼Ƿǳģ׻˵һϲҳ˿Ȼ˱쵤˿̵ñݣôԺûô߹
֣ͶճȥԷԺ쵤ͬʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµġҲ˵ô£ʼԤźʲô齫ҪԷʱĲɵģһйϵļһڨһ䣬ûԷ
ϰԺҪѩ˵һ˵糿ģ˭֪Էڲﻹе飬Ҫһܻ쵤ˣѩҲйϵ˺һҲûܺʲôϵ
֣Ͷջص칫Ժ󣬿쵤ı־ú֣˿ȥ˻ƵģҲûע⣬ΪǷءղڷϣķ岢û˵쵤飬Ҳûע⡣


ʮ ̸
ʱ²һŮŲҵ쵤Ժ˵쵤ȥһ£͹ϯеҪ˵
СŮȥմѧУҵ˵û֪Źڣʲôʲôһȫ˵˳
֣Ͷ󣬻һۣǾе֣쵤ʲô飬ȻҪ²κ͹ϯһ̸ĵ̧ۣɨ쵤һֻۣվܳǰߵʱ򣬽ͬǦһŲ
쵤͵ıӰʧſԺ󣬶͵ʲôƵģ֣˵˵ûпΪ飿˵ſŬŬ졣
֣Ȼ׶Է˼һ˵Ӧòܰɣô鷳ĻǸղڳԷʱôû˵أ
˵ĵҲǣΪǼĻѵʲô飬Ҫº͹ŵһ̸ʵ
˭֪أֲǲ֪˵λϵĺԺˣȻҲѴˡ֣֮ǰ쵤ܲðԴ˿Ȼûʲôû˵ˡ
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쵤²һ·ϣﶼţҲǲϳ£˵ʵҪΪǸĻһҲ¡²ô˵ҪзΣ˹ܲסԼĵȣŶûСҵȾֵٿ㲻ţôأ쵤ۡ˵ŮҪǲҪ޵УҲԵõӡ֤
쵤ĵλȥΪŮ֮飬Ǻ֣йصǼ飬еĸоô˵ǻȶǴ˵ģǵ˵飬ʱҲͨˣлôţϸҲ⡣
Ժ쵤ˣֱˣŲҲˣۿ²ΰ칫ſˣְĦļ⣬ϵıһ㣬΢ЦʲôģǱˣƴʱЦ±ȿ޻Ҫѿ
쵤ǰСŮţֻ洫һص쵤⻰Ժһ飬ոսǵţȻ޴棬ͷ߽ΰ칫ҡ
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˼쵤ˣӣȻ̻Ҹοһۣ˵Сˣɡ
쵤˵ıԺûˣĶ̸ʷ˵ļѽϻ̳ϿֵڵһߵɳϣӾǰ㣬ֻһƨɼɳϣΪظɱβˡ
תͷȥϯһۣѯһ¶Էϯ״æһ֣һơ
˵飬ɲԸſڣ˵Ȿ²飬ֻΪͶԿ֧Ԯʡº͹еϵŹģ˿Ȼûп˵ĵҲƣֻòԵʾһ¶ԷҲûΰȥ˼
ΰһ̣ڳһ΢ЦƣȻ쵤˵СѽʱĹ״ôѽ
쵤ȻĿףǲòСӦţЦŴл쵼ģʱ䣬ȷ쵼£ҵ˳ˡ
쵤˿Բģѩ˳ԷȻֻһССĲŸΣȴһ֯δϹһ£̨ĴС쵼Ҫӵġ
ڹٳϻ˼ʮˣ룬ʱ㻹װʮ˵λı⣬˭ʹɫ˵ǾͺãŲˣ̨쵼СĹҲϿɵģǰ̨˵С첻̤ʵܸأ
Ҳɵ˵飬ȻҲԸеְΧ֮ڣҲƴǡ׻˵úãԩͷծ˵Ǹ֮ǰǰ˳˵쵤ǲףǾͲòĵˡֱ׵İʾôȥʡɽҲԩˡ
쵤еͷתˣʲô˼ѵҪԼʺ򣬽űԷ˼⻹˼δϰ˼쵤е㲻ˡ
뵽Ժ̽һ£ŲݸһЦ˵л쵼ΣҲлκϯĹġ
ϯʵеȥˣ룬ղܵҲܺƣһĻһ˵ʱѽܡ쵤Ȼһ㣬ƽƽƽʱȽע磬ټϴϱȽǰٵϯ˵ǺһЩġֻһϯϲûʵȨԶԷͶͱ빴ĻҲûƺһᡣ
ϯһ룬˵Сѽһ飬ҲҪٶȦˣǾͷľͷֱֱȥɣ
δʱҲʶ쵤еղŻ˼ˣ֪ճأϯһ˵ǸΧ쵤ղŻһݻ룬⻰Ժǳѹˣ̫ĵģϾ֮ǰεĻͷǡ㲻ʲô£Ҳδþǻ°ɣ쵤ﰵ롣
ϯԺ󣬲ξٺͶԷȦˣ˵ȥĻе˵ˣɳһУ׼ͶԷϵͣԷᣬΪʲô½ٵͷء


ʮ ѵõĶ
ο쵤һۣ˵С죬ģһ֧Ԯʡ̵ͨ̨쵼оۣ㣬СѽһѵõĶߵĻѽ
Ժ쵤ֻͷ˵һεĻһҲûȥ֮ǰѾ̨ﴫˣҶǳĻֵԼȥһЩûʲǫ̂ģ쵼ȥϵ⵹ù䵽Լͷϡ
쵤ûϣô˵ҲֵϣѩһĳҲᱣסġҪȥôԶĵط˭һԺͨ籨أ
⻰ȻеشӲε˵˳һ쵼Ѿоˡ쵤ˮŲο˵ΣôᰲȥأҵļͥҲ֪ҸĸʹˣͿһӦҪȥôԶĵطǡ
˵ʱ쵤Ȧһ죬ᣬοûκĳɷ֣ǷĵģļͥȷʵãټҲ̫ͻȻˣе㲻֮أŮһ㳹ױ¶ˡ
ȻԴѾ׼˵СѽҺϯ鲢˶ģ̨쵼оľֻǴѡ⻹Ҫȥе飬Ҫʲô벻ͨģԺϯġ
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˵⻰Ժ󣬲β쵤ķӦֱӼȥ
쵤˿ȻʧǲûʧȥǣϸƷζŸղŲεĻʱ򣬷ֲѾˣֻϯԶ
쵤·ץס˾һ㣬æʵϯ˵ղŲε˼ǲ˵̨쵼Ǹ㡭ŵģ˵ǲ̨쵼ǸģӲǽĳ˰ŵġ
ϯ⻰ԺЦ˵Сѽ⻰˵ûʣ̨СС飬һ̨쵼ŵأ
Ŷǡǵģҵ˼ǡ쵤Ͱ͵˵
ĻһڣͱˣϯЦ˵Сѽұ곤һ㣬˵䲻˵Ļ飬ԼҪú÷˼˼ʱûʲôõУ˼ҵˣԼڹأ
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˵ղŵǻԺϯҲûжֱͣվԼİ칫ȥȻһᣬʱȨһߣȻûбҪһʱ˵ҲҪȥ̽һ£¾ô£ΪһŮ˰ԼȥǿɾͲֵˡ
ϯҲˣ쵤ȻûıҪˣæվŲȥͣͳֻӴ˹ȥ
ѩʱյ̨ֻһȻ쵤ĵ绰ʱüͷһ壬е㲻ͷˣ˽
绰ͨԺ쵤æѩûлأԷ϶ĴԺ˵Σ͹һҪң
ѩûô£쵤ѾҶ˵绰ֶԷıе㷴ʶ뵽ǲǳʲôˣҪȻ쵤һʧǵӣǷϵļŶԷ
ѩ黹Ǻܲģǰ죬԰ʾһ£쵤͸˶Ҵ쿪ʼҵơȻ֪㣬ѶԷôҲǶһλĿǰ£öԷöģҲǲĽˡ
ѩ𽹼ȴ쵤ʱϵĵ绰ͻȻһ²ĲΡ
Ϊǻ֪֮ͨ飬벻Էڵ绰쵤ĹŸȥ̨Ѿȷˣ쵤ȥμͳһ֧֯ʡ̵ͨĻ
ѩʱסˣմڰ칫ҵʱ˵¸λϣջ֪мȥأҲûоԱҪһҲãҲգν
ôͻȻ˵쵤ȥǶˣҪһ⾿λ쵼˼뵽ƽʱͲ֮䲢û̫Ľӣ뷨׼һȥ쵼˽һ
ѩʶҪ쵤ͷԷϾǸģ׾ٵرˣǶ˵ҲǼʲôʵ顣
Ҷϲε绰ԺץͲͲһȥ֪ܿеԵɣҲе㲻ţֲһ룬õĴͬģ¿ɲˡ
ѩ̱ϰϣλôͻȻ쵤СɫأôҲ벻ף˵ʵ쵤ҪòҲûĻѽ˺һᣬǾٴ绰ʣ绰ٴβ˸ղŵһδǸ롣
һŰԺѩԸĴ𰸣֣Ϲ糿ʱȻˣһһİˣŶʮġҡ⾿·ɣȻôʱ򣬾ȻķǳԵķ
뵽ʱѩе㲻ˣ쵤ǲܱˣ±Ҳ˵пܰԼȥֻҪһ֪ˣ֣֮нԹ쵤ˣ쵤ĪظôһҪ˵һϵҲûеĻû˻ŵġ


ʮ Ҫ˵úһ
Ժѩ˼һôӦ쵤ô˵ҪҸڰɣҪȻôŲʵģǿе˵ȥ˼ԺҵһΪĽڡ
ѩմ⣬ʹƵӣβǰŲŲȻųſ뺰һ
ѩĻ䣬žͱƿˣ쵤𼱻ǵ˽ѩԺˮˡ·Ͼõ쵤Ǻ˽ѩģһŮǿ˵̬ʵĻͦġҪæʱʲôҲ˵ѽѽĿһ٣ͻѯô£Ȼˮˡ
쵤ǸѩôˣԸһһԵǾѩҲ㲻˵øֱһ㣬ѹͲͣԴʱƲߵĻȻвͨġ
ѩ˶Էһۣ˵ˣѾˣƽʱѹٴˣЩעһ㣬˭ѿɣڸ˰ɣȷҲǲ㣬ȷʵﲻ㣬Լȥ취ɣ
쵤ѩĻԺ󣬶ʱ˵ʵ벻׶ԷĻ﾿ʲô˼ʱȻҲһйǾԲʲôѽҪ˵ȥʱĻǵпܡ
ȥʱһյ磬̨ڱսʱ򣬱׽һСʼʱе㵣ģֵ̨Ļ˿ɾͶˣ˭֪ڶ̨ҵһۣ˼˵Ĺϵ͵ΪֹˣǧҪȥš
ͨǴε飬ˣʲôģЩٵıҪ⣬ͰǵҲڣյĽǸǮ˽ˡĳֽǶ˵ɳ飬ĻԴһʡ
ֻε飬ôҲ벻ô¡쵤ѩһŭı飬˵Σ׶ûôѽܷҾ˭Ҫ
Ļ˵һ룬ͱѩˣŭԼԼѽôңô֪˭أ
ѩ˵еأеһ˫ص˼쵤ڰɾˣҪͷֻаѻ˵úһ㣬öԷ֪Ѷˡ
쵤ƽʱƷôãҲᵽָűĵز⻰֪ѩҪֲˣȻĻҲûʲôˡվһֱתȥŵʱ򣬰һ裬ֻصһ
ѩ뷢ڰѶԷˣҲϾҲԲס쵤
ѩһҲ쵤Ϊ֪ԷԴӺĶϵԺ̨ûʲôϵˣҪȻҲƴİͽԼ˵һ򲽽Ϊ֣飬³ģǺѩʲôϵأûöԷȥҥʲôģе鶼ԼģڳˣȻе
ѩڵĵ֣ˣ֮ǰԼ飬ǹ˼ɵԷڹȻˡеҪ֣ϹһǸ˭Ĺؼڡ⻹һ⣬ʱ̨С쵼ȥˣʣЩϺзӦöûϳԷݣʱӦϢˣֻˡ
ϰ˺һԺѩҲûͷֻһѾμסˣ´ûʮİǧȥ֣пԼ뱻ͬʱϻؼԺһºϹú˵˵һ֣ɷ򣬶˵ǿѹͷߣĻܹ˽أ
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쵤˺һ󣬾ԴУ뵽̨ô˵֮䣬ҲйһΣʵͶ·ˣԷҲܼȣǰɣ뵽Ժ쵤Ҹû˵ĵطȥ绰ʣʵڲеĻҲҽɣҲûбİ취ˡ
̨հֻ£Ȼʱ飬ԺҲûȥ̨ֱӻؼˡùϵֻһ쵤ĺ룬æһۣȫעؿӣ˽ȻСιһ
쵤˿̨֮æ˵̨ã쵤㻹ǵѽ
̨æ˵֪˭˵ʲô飬ڿأͶԷĸϻأʱпܽ
ޣ쵤Էһ壬ˣ˵̨˼ˣղŲҹȥ˵ȥʡμʲộͨһ£⾿ô¡
̨ѾµԷ绰ʮа˾žΪ£ͲͶԷ˵̫࣬ټ£ͽȥһֻ˵ڿ᲻˵ϯȥһ£¹ܣӦô¡
쵤⻰ԺҲٶ˵ʲôԴһǰ˶Էݹſ˵֮޹ϸˣ˵ô࣬ѾܸˡԷһټҶ˵绰
µ绰Ժ쵤͵ϯѽ¾ǹǣͷģӦҪȻĻղŲԼ̸ʱҲڳ


ʮ ֧
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쵤绰ȥתһ룬ûбҪô鷳ɴൽİ칫ҵȥ˵ղϯҲ̸쵼֮һʱ뷨ҶԷȥͨһ£ûκ⡣
뵽Ժ쵤ص칫Сϴּ軭һȻŤǸɱβ칫ȥ
ϯΪ쵤ܹղŵ飬Իص칫Ժ͸̨˸绰Ҫ˽һµȥ̨ûʲô֣ɷķ壬ȻԷҪ쵤ȥʡϸظ˶Էϯ̨Я֮֮һֱŷǳõĹϵ˵ҲҪ飬ȻûбܵıҪ
绰ԺϯһΪ쵤ͷ뷨ҲûˣƯŮãͷϵɴñǿɾͲֵһˣѾôˣһڲǲŶء
ʼڴ쵤ڵеˣҪ°ʱˣϯҲˣʱӦòˣ˵ҲǸϢ
ϯ׼ʰ°࣬ͻȻƵæŤͷһֻ쵤վſڣ̧ڳŵš
ϯȻ˿̲ԸW쵤ǶԷѾˣҲڱŲеĶϯЦ˵Сˣɣ
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쵤ԺͬǰĶֻʱ޷ղôķˡŶԷһۣȻЦ˵ϯǹϯһҪְĹѽһŮˣ˫ҪչˣôȥôԶĵطأһҪѽ
ϯ룬ûµʱôûҶĹѽӣͶԷֱӰѻ˵ˣԼջ˵СѽҲӦÿóͷҺ˵仰ʵҲ㣬ʵѽ
쵤⻰ԺҲ֪Է˵ĻӦʵǲ׼Էﲻôܴһмֵղ̨˵úͬ־֪Ļġ
ڵ뷨ܼ򵥣ĻҲӦø˭ɣǸղѩģڵĻĺģǲ˭뱨ˣҴ˶󣬽ͳǸߵıڹˡ
쵤һ˵ϯҵһֱϵ׳ѽʱĻһҪĴҵѽ
˵߰Ѳظ͵ǰһͦϯĺ͵һȥһڿˮ
쵤Ч⣬ȥ˵ϯҽΪʲôֻ֪˭ҹȥ֪һ֪𰸣ֻҪңҾ͸мˣһʵж
ϯһ⻰Ĳѣֻ׼Լһϣ벻ԷȻѾȷ̬ˣȻҲûټȥıҪˡ
ԺϯϰһУȻ˵ȻСŵùңҲͲҴˣ⻰Ķ˵Ķˣţңҿɲˡ
ϯģڰңôܷأ쵤һ˵ֻҪ֪ĸңԼȥȥʡ̨ûκιϵ֮ǰӦ飬֮һ֡
ϯ⻰Ժ󣬵е㱻жˣŶԷ֣ͬʱ御ǰ㣬쵤˶䡣ϯ˵ҷĻ˵еԭӦ֪ʱ˭ҹɣ
⻰Ժ쵤סˣôҲ벻ȥȻƵģǸղѩô˵Ϊüͷš˴֣ͷﻮһʺš
ϯƭΪûǸҪΪǸĻҲû˵ѵıҪ˵Ҳʵ벻˭ΪΪѺйϵһһ飬Ҳһʵѡ
ϯ쵤˵ΪղŵǻĴеװź˵С죬Ҫ˵Ļ廹ϵѽ¾ͲҪˣ˵ʵҲʲôãڵ϶µ㹦Ůͬ־֮Ӧ׹ͨһ㡣ȷʲôòԣ̬ȳϿһ˼ҵǸ˵ɱ˲ͷأ˵㵽ʡȥˣӦҲûʲôô˵ǰɣ
쵤æ˵лϯѣҾȥˣǸղ˵ǻ³벻ɣĶҶˡ
ϯ⻰Ժ󣬿ĵЦС죬Ǻ󻰣ҲϣҪȥһŮӣǶɽ߻ʵԶģ̾һԺּ˵ʲô飬ҪҰæĻʹҵ绰Ӧаɣ
ϯȻϣ쵤ȥʡ˵ԭֻԼˡ
أҾˣллϯ˵⻰쵤վתȥ


ʮ ͷ
ԺϵЦʧˣתһŭı顣ʱ޵Ĳ֣ѩﰵ㲻æҲͰˣȻ·治֪ǺξġȻҸģ֣֮ûаìܣôΪ˰ĵãڳ£ԼժøɸɾмơУܹһأԲкӹ㲻ȥҴʡҲһҪÿ
һԹԺ쵤ɫ࣬ص칫ңټİ칫ҿտҲ䵽˼㡣ڰ칫ǰԺ쵤۾붨һȻȷһô졣һĵģջпٱˣ˼һ¡˿̣쵤ȫԽһӰ̨ݣô飬ôôżҲκ⡣
һɷǹϯĪ쵤ԺȿǵľղŵĽ顣Է˵ȷʵеȻķ⣬ԲԵ޹ôɣȻΪ֣ͷ˵ΪʲôҪͷ֣ϹǺҲһǸʲô·Щ쵤Ҫעġ˵ʵҲôߵĲ棬֪ˣԣҲûκá
ڶ쵤ԣֻҪ֪ķ־㹻ˣղϯ˵˭ʹ̨Ͼ˭ҲΪһŮˣȥδ̨ϴǲǳԱ˳ŵ˵ķǳ̨˵µĻľܸĵģ
Ҫķջسֻһ취Ǿ֣¹ܹԼһȻҴ̨Ϊͷģ˶ʾ׷ˣͷҲûκˣΣȻҲͽˡи׳нƣҪϯ㣬쵤治һó
ؼͬʱ쵤ҲᶨһҪϯ˵ʵھϯҲôϣ˿ȥǺоġ
쵤ڤ˼Բߵʱһ֣úлԣһ¿Է
ʱô绰֣˵þûɩˣԷ֣æ˵ţõûɩһ׼ȥԡһ¿˵ζǲ˶ûȥҲһļˡ
һӵ֣绰˵ϺСһԷȻʲô֪֣鲻ãиú÷һ£Ȼ⡣֣˵ȥͣһҲû⣬ȻްҲǳԲȥȻӺöϲȻûоܾĵ
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ϴһѾͬлԣõĹϵлԣѾ֮ǰôˡԷʱһΪϴԷʼǱԵллԣȻ˵û¡֮ǰһ̷ߣ֮ǰ⽫ˣһԺæһ֧һ״˵ͷ÷ǲģ֮䲻ʲôĻø棬ûʲô
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һ֣ϰߵ·ϣһ˿һҵķʻȥ·Ժһע⵽첻֪ʲôʱպģǿûʲôӰ죬ߵ·ƷǿĹ⣬ѿİ·յͬһ㡣
˵ĳһǰһʻ˽۾ʮ¥ǰԺһ򣬷ֱͣǵĳλ档
ߵС˵ˣ¶ĳλҪʮһ򷿵ʱλĻۣһԥһҪڿѡǷǳǵģǰʱϢ˵ԺʱСסûгλĻҲһɲͣСϢԺ󣬳λļ۸Ҳ֮ˮǴߣѾǵʮˣҲйϵĻ򲻵
һ򿪳ŴӳԺߵӵĳǰס֣ӽɷ˻¥ǰȥƽʱ֮ôǵľٶһĹ۵ҪȵĻؼԺôڹûҪôš
֮Ϊ֪֣ΪǼ飬ܲȻ׽ˣοһ£ǱҪġһؼԺ󣬾ǸԸ㶨Ȼ˺úһ£ҲһССʤɣԺбҪףһ¡
׼¥ݵʱͻȻԱߴܳһһһæһӣԼͬʱȵ˭ʲô


ٰʮ ͷҾ
졭촦ᣬͬ£ҽ쵤ĺӰ˵һ޴ӡ
һ˶񣬿ǰվŵȷʵһŮˣԷӵͬ£ŷûԷ֣ҪȻĻһ֪ǰķӦҪӵʡȥŮˡĻҲܷɾˣԺ˭Ҳұ֤Է᲻ʲôҪ˺֣ĻǿɾͺĪˡ
֣˿Ҳȷʵ쵤æɷʵ쵤ôˣôҼģ
쵤⻰һᣬûֱӿ޳Ϊҵ֣ļĶǷϴ˼ˣö˴˵֪ͨϯ鵽ְǼǱ֪˵ط
׼ٹҶԷ˭֪ϯȥʡμ̵ͨ걨ڻ̨ءĻǿɾͲһˣһ͵ȥˣʱصĻͲˡ
һ⻰쵤æ˸ææ۾ųӦţСԺĺ֮Աһ£ֻ֣һʮˣȻסôߵСɷּΪ֯ɲĴҪ˵ˣûбĻ
Ȼ֪ѡֺøڣӽˮˣ˿̵ѾƵˣ˵ԼǸڣ˼ҪҪĻҲԲʲô¡
֮ǰеĨӣǳͨˣֻҪԷ̧ܹ֣ǴӴԺţҲԹԡѩ˹ؼʱ̣Էȴһ߿ˣ֣Ļٲ䵽˵زΪƽʱͶԷĽУ͸оԷһǳʵڵˡ
ڵȻԸΪԷЧȮ֮ͣ˼ҴӦӦһءʮ¥ĸǰһΪעĽ侲صǶΪңԷӦ°ˣӦõȲ˶೤ʱ䡣
˭֪ߵӵʱ򣬻ԷӰûпʱθǷˣʱ£ûôԵȥֵʱˣŹءҪձģ¾ʮǮһҲ򣬹ؼߵСôЩأС⵹ǺܶСԵģȴҹȥҪǾ뿪ʱ䣬֣ˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ղѾϸоˣźǴзʩģû˿ŵĻͲҪȥ
ڻû֣ŵĵӣֻˣôʱ̫䣬ҪȻǼˡ
쵤ߵȱ룬ԽԽڣѩ氰ǰöˣõʲôأ쵤˺ôľҲûõʲôʵݵĶǶԷİ£ԭȵľ֣˳ŲελãѶԷϳŲУν˺ͣѩҲȥһķһٷǱˡ뵽ʱ쵤ʵ̲סˣɵƣ
콥Էûл˼쵤е㵣᲻᲻ۣꡣɾˣĵطûУΨһԶ֮ǿô£Ҫǲ׵ĻǻջҪ׵Ļ治֪õĶˡ쵤תһ룬ʱµףĶףԴ˿һŽˡæ֮ǰõĻĬһ飬⵽ʱ˵
дʵʱ򣬿һǰһʻ˹ҾͣڲԶͣλϡź󳵵ĵƹ⣬ǰȷʵ֣ĻɫȫעŴӳˣ׼ǵǰʱ򣬾ȥ
һӵĺԺڻعˣʶǰŮ˾ǸڱˮˣҲ׼ɱֻΪֹʲôľٶһǰһ˵㵽
쵤⻰Ժʶ˶Էһ˼æ˵촦ᣬûж⣬ǼȷʵģǸģͬʱҲǼ͡
֣ʱ̨쵤ȥʡϢȻҲΪԷʲô⣬ǵɷ˵һû£˵
ȻԷڿ˵Ǹģһе㲻ģõһߣǽӣԷһʲôڵһʱӳ
֣쵤һۣ˵쵤֮ƽʱӦûʲôڰɣΪʲôҪڱģ
ԲȷʵҲԣҲпԵģһ͵Ļᡣ쵤
ã˵ɣأ֣˵
Ȼ֪ʲô飬ǶԷʱԼſһſھǽͣǵǸģһʲôãһ˵ĻᣬҲ⾿ô¡
쵤֣˵ȥһɣæ˵Щ鶼ǸҸɵģ˵һ۸ڶӣǲˬ˵취㣬Ҿ뵽취ǶԲҲ֪ûʲôûʲôϵټ̨Ҳãָֻչŵ㡣˵ˣֻȥˣǶԲˣҴˣԭ¡
쵤˵⻰Ժ󣬲ȶԷӦͨһ֮ǰõĲԡҪԷŹԼֻдƣΪûκοԺ˼̸еʱֻװˡ
֣˼Էղ˵ľǼ٣͵ط쵤Ȼǰ֪Ǻãæ˵쵤Ǹأлú˵¸ʲôѽ
һҪԭң㲻ԭҵĻҾͲˡ쵤ˣұ˵Էͷ


ٰʮһ û˵
һʱ֣޴룬æԷ˵ʲôվ˵ҪǸ˿ôأ
ءءԭҰɣҪǲԭµĻҾ͡쵤⻰˵һ룬һȣ̸վú˵ǹҲһ١
쵤⻰Ժ󣬻æӵͬʱߵۣʹͷվһߣһϻ̳Ͽӡ˺һԺ󣬲Ÿ΢΢̧ͷɨһһۣȻѸٵصȥ
֣ʱѾʶһʲôãҪȻ쵤Լɷ˾ηٿڣɷô˵
һ쵤һԺ˵ǲʲôϢˣ
ǡǵģʱκϯѾ̸ˣȥʡЭǸ̡ͨ쵤˿Ķа
һ֮ôʣʵöԷ˵֣ġԷһŮˣǺֵ֮ìܣһүǳܹе㲻þ齻ȥ֮ǰ֣ô£ŮŪȥˡ
֣˿ˣʱ´Ů쵤Ϊ£ֲذ칫Ժһʧǵģ
Ժ֣쵤˵ô֪Ҽģ
֪쵤סĶԷȴסǷȾѾˡ֣ôʵĿģʵ֪ǲǸŮ˸ָĵΪ򵽷ʱһκͶװ޷ʱǡɱѩѯ¼ҵҲ˵ѩ֪סַġ
쵤Ǵѩ֪סַղŵֵоп͸ԺõļƲߣҲ˵ղǿͷҾģϷôȻҲͲֵͬˡ
쵤֣Ļ󣬸û˼Ͱδطһһʮ˵˳֣ΪǷĻԷ̧֣ǿɾˡ
֣˶ԷĽԺ󣬵мֿ֮Ϊȥ׵ʱ򣬹µǼְĻűȷʵҵĵַܶԷ˵ȥǼٵģ֣ҲôŶԷˣΪ֮ǰʵ̫ˣٺͶԷȦӣֱֱ
һ쵤˵ôô϶ȥʡһǷйϵأϢǹͨѽ
Ҫ˵ղ֣˼쵤ûóһԷĻһ䣬æ˵ˣͨϯŴġ֮ǰҲȥ˸ڣ˵ΪǷ飬Եˣ˼ҪҡҾ;òԾΪʱ䣬ҲûкʲôҾʹ绰̨˵ڿᣬȥϯ
쵤˿֪޲ԣ޲κ
֣⻰Ժͷϸ˼һ£öԷĻӦûǿ׵ġ̨飬ҶȻѾˣ̨Ȼٴϯ֣ؼǵȥ̨Ԫʱ򣬶վ˵һϣŵ۾쵤ϾûŲϢ͸¶Ǻпܡ
쵤֣ͷ˼ʶתˣæ˵ҶԲ㣬㿴Ҳɱε£͸һɣұ֤Ժʲô鶼ģҸҾ͸жģҪĻǾ׺䡣
ΪرʡĽ쵤˿̿˵ǼˣղŵǷﵹҲмĵĳɷ֡ʶ֣ǿѩϹ󹦷ǲɵ˵ԷκݺݵذһҪǲһְҲ̫ˡ˵üС£쵤һ͵СԺѩͱСýͷö
쵤֣ûɿڣǽ˵ҽʮˣһֱûн飬ĸǽʮˣһֱãǾָչˣҪȥôԶĵطǸôأءء
ʱ쵤ҲȷʵижȥʡȷʵҲеһҪԭ򡣸ĸһŮˣټ̫ãϾȫָˡҪȥôԶĵطǸĸָôأ
֣⻰ԺҲɵọ̀Ӧ죬˫ĸĸߣͷǳǵĽʱ绰ȥʺһ¡쵤Ҫȥǧ֮ҪĸĸʲôĻ¸ϻһ涼ѣһĻҲ᲻ġ
֣ȻзŶԷһ˼û̬תɷһۣ˼ѯԷ
һһֱڹע쵤ı֣ҲøղŶԷ˵ĻӦʮа˾ġһ˵ѵʱ۾ǲҺͶԷֱӵģ쵤ղ˵ʱ򣬱ֵú̹Ȼ֣˵ģпŶȻǺܸߵġ
һ뷨Ҫɱ쵤ĻԺҪöԷΪãƺһ㡣ԷղŻ˼ǸŮѾ֪µľˣܷԼ㲻ԲһƶģĻĿѾﵽˣɱ⼦ĻѾûʲôҪˡ
ʱһȻ⣬Ҳ׼ôöԷɹأĻпܺ˴ۡԸˣҪôҪĻҪе̹ĵۣԺŲʲô۶ӳ


ٰʮ 
һ쵤һԺ˵⾿ô£ڻ̫ҽȥ̨ҪҪݷһλ̨̨ڣǾһ˸˵飬һ治ǺҪɣʱʡ
쵤֮ǰ֣ı֣Ϊ߲ˣ벻˿̶ԷɷȻ˵һɵҲó˼أϯ˵úǱҪ͵ȥˣȥʵĻǻƻ˶ˡ
ǸǸ촦ܲ硭쵤Ͱ͵ز֪α뷨
˵Է˵Ӧ֪ˣŬһ£ϾԷѾɿˣһλĻǲǸʡĵġ쵤˵Ҫ¹ˡ
һ˶Է˼ŭ˵Ҫٸղŵһ飬Ǿֲˡ
⻰Ժ쵤͵һ𣬴վһߣ֪Ǻá˿еһԷȻһֱûô˵һ۾ܿ˼Ƶģ䲻
һ˶Էı֣˵£㻹ȥ̨벻ɣͿԼ̬ˡ
쵤⻰һⲻƤɣ̨֮ԷųǶΪ߸ʩѹҪǲɿڵĻȥҲǰҡȻ룬򲻸Ұ⻰˵ģĻƶԷͻȥ
쵤ݵ˼Ժ󣬻Ǿø̽һ£ɾˡ̧ͷӵؿһ֣һۣȻ˵촦ҺͬµķϣܲܰҺ̨˵˵Ӵһ䶥ʮ䣬Ŷһپ䡣
һ⻰ԺûпڣעŶԷɫϾ
쵤˵ԺϰҲûԷʲôӦûˣ΢΢̧ͷ۾ѸٵһһֻۣԷԼҼˣ֪ôźáͻȻͷһԷӦڵԼ̬أ˼ƾʲôԵ޹ʵİأ
뵽Ժ쵤Ҳ֪ԼΪľǶԻǲԣʱòҲûбѡˡ쵤һҧһ˵ֻҪǰҶɹһأԺһᱨģң
֣˶ԷĻԺ˵ʵеʴˣԸĻԷȻѾ˵ǿ϶ͷһˣ֪ʱҪ̬ɷ㶨ЩġڸղŶԷǻǳ˵ģؽһһ˼˵һȻᣬˣ˼Ѿȷˣ㲻ҪңһϹ˵㡣
һӵĻԺ󣬰ͷԼղŵԺ󣬶Է˿ʩȻѾûʲôЧˡ쵤һۣ˵ɣҪʱĻǾͰ绰ʡ
쵤⻰ԺϲǣϲǶԷһɿڣɸղŵġʲôʱ򡱣ڵġ족ǵǼʹҲУΪǸпһ͵ȥˡ
쵤һ£̧ͷһС˵촦İҺǸл˵ǸȥʡԱ걨һҪ͵ȥˣ鷳㡭ܲڡھ͸̨绰Ȼһ͹ȥ֪Ҫܹ֣ʵûа취ˣء
һ˶Է⻰Ժ͵һ쵤˵Уȥ绰ȥ˵꣬һ֣˾¥ݿȥ
쵤벻ԷֱһڴӦһĹ˼ҷѾǰˣæ˵лл촦лл
˼Ҳûкȥֻˣ쵤ŶԷȻӦˣǾû˵ĵ˿ܿģȻ֮ǰúܳ񣬵ֲʱټ˼ݵˣԼһʶӹһ١
˿̣쵤ŵһɣһ⣬еˣһһĶθеʹĸоȻȥſԵģ뵽Է绰ӦһͻϢˣҧҧٵһᡣ
һ֣˵Ժ˻һۣû˼Ժ֣̲סˣɷ˵һǲˣ׼ȥѽ
һɳһ˵˵ˣˣ̨˵ͨȽУ̨ʺȥʡѡ
֣⻰ԺһЦ˳ϹŭڼôҴǻⲻһȥ̨֮ǰôûз쵤Ϊʺϵѡ
һЦЦûվ׼ȥ֣״æʵ㲻̨绰ҿղ˵ͦģҪĸĸΪ³ʲôĻһӶð˵ղҲӦ˼ˣܲ˵ɣ
֣Ϊһ׼βˣżĹŮ˵ȱ㣬Ǹ泪̫
һӵĻԺЦ˵ʲôѽʲôʱ˵ķ绰ˣҴӦ绰û˵͸򡣵ϴ˵һæãһ˵һȻ̵ȥ
֣⻰Ժϸһ룬еɷ˼һ쵤һᣬԣԺٶ¶ˡԺҲżˣóң򿪵ӣζؿ
һϴ˰Сʱ֮ãҪһ쵤ԡһˮúһݡ
Ժ֣˵Ҳȥϴɣô绰ϴ꣬ͿԸϢȥˡ
֣ѾϹ˼ҲżˣɳȻȥ·׼ͷϴһϴ׼ϴˣ£ȻûˡҪٲϴĻ˯žˡ


ٰʮ ˲
һ֣ԡԺ󣬾˵绰ķ˹ȥѾҪ쵤ΪãԱͳΪǰˡ
ķһ쵤һҪԺ󣬺ˬشӦˡ˵ʵҲ쵤㵽ȥڱϾ¹ǨĹؼʱ̣ȻҲϣְͨĿУһѹµĶĻк档ʱֻһƿӣѲģһΪ쵤飬⵱ȻԸ⿴Ľˡ
һ߶Էһ쵤ܾͻȥ⻰˼Ǹķ壬㲻ҪΪ²̨Ұ̨׶Һˡķ⻰ԺȻǿˡ벻һĿ⾹Ȼȫ֮УѵõǣԷòƵʮ껹ôʲôʱʼܴﵽ˾磬ķɴ˸һ
˻лԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ֵһԺ֣ˣһѸղŵĽӣȥһ¶Է
֣󣬲ΪȻ˵ҪȥѽֱӴ绰ˣҶˣŲǾأ
˵ͱ輸ȥֻǶء
һҡҡͷ˵绰ȥ֪ĶҪܵĻ绰Ҳ޷
֣Ϲ⻰Ժ˹ԭ˼Ҫ쵤ϢҪڲ¥ˡҲղĥŴ绰ԭ˵ˣǶ쵤һ顣
Ժ֣ɷһۣ˵лֱ˵ѽƫҪռ䣬ǷѾ
һѾ˼Ц˵Ժ󣬱ϻ͸˵Ҵ绰ˣ˵̨ǲɿڣǾͿ̬ˡ
֣Ҳȥ˼һ˼·ȥ
㶨ԺһķԸ壬ƣ֪ͲӦշʲôˡһֵǧѽ˷ڿɱ棬ǱѽҲ׼ȥдˣһ£ģͰȻһľͲˣҲûʲô˵ġ
հѵԴ򿪣һŵ֣˵Ӧôѽŵ⶯δҲ̫һɣ뵽Ժһʹ鷿ˣûʣһѾȿˡ
汻˵ˣûˡ˵ɳϡ
ʲôѾˣһʵ
߲ߣҲ֪ҴСеĺüûӦҴ˷߳ȥһȦӰӶûš֣˵
Ҳѹղ쵤˵ÿͰ͵ģ¥ԺŶԷ˵ڿɺãת֮䣬ӰӶˡ뵽ղŵһ˵ǶǱˣĻôһӦ绰˾ûأҪͻȻʲô飬绰˵һĹаɡ
˿̣֣һֱŪĸоǳǾƭĻĶԷġ
һӵĻԺҲе죬˵ʵղôȻ̽һ¶ԷǸҪôһԺʲô˶ˣ⻹е֮⡣
һеڸķǸ绰ˣľѳˣҲûа취ܲٴ绰ȥ߶Է쵤ʡȥĻķôأ
˺һԺһʱֻˣ˿ӣԺĻỹ࣬˵εԺҲˣˡ
ӣһЦ˵ˣˣΪӲֵãҲ糿λԺôͰɡҪǲеĻ취
֣ϹĻԺ󣬾ȷʵмֵΪǲֵԱң׼ˡ
һ״Ц˵⿴ѽȥŪһҵʽϵķԸ壬ʮӾˡ
֣⻰ԺȻϹ˼һ£˵ϹǲҪˣ
һæʵôǸˣ
ûУΪûУҲ˵Ҫġ֣͵
ûͷûԵһ仰һǲؿӡ֣˶ԷıԺ󣬲֪Լղŵǻû˵æ͵ڣ춼ѾˣȥҽԺ濴
ҲйòƲʲô˵ѽΪʲôҪȥҽԺأһʵ
֣⻰Ժһܸı飬˵ղ˵Щʱͷͷǵģô˵׳Ƶġ֮ǰûвȡʩҲеͷεģżµĸо
˼˵㻳ˣһʱ׹ˣϲʵ
ҾǲȷϣԲ˵ȥҽԺ濴֣ߵ˵
һæ첽ߵӸǰż˵ղô˵Ҫ֪ܻеĻҾȥˡôû£
֣ݸһЦȻ˵Ķ˵ôţֻǳһµݣʲô⣬˵֪ǲأпҵãͲҪϹˡ
һҲȷʵе񾭹ˣ˵ڸջе·ǳҪעĻʲôģСһ޴֣˵Ҫ첻ȥμӽҵʽˣȥҽԺ


ٰʮ ù֮
˵ʲôأҶ㲻ҪˣҽѾͶ˵ˣһȥ㰲ȥμĽҵʽûлУȷԺҴ绰㣬𣿡֣˵
治ϣһȥ˵ϣԽʧԽɲϣڰ죬ô¡Ů³ߵģҲǺ飬˵ŻʲôģǼпܵеʾԺ󣬲Ĵ
һҲӻ˼Ǳ㲻ټˣǾð˾ŲʮӦˣǶ֣˵Ҫȥ飬ͱ𿴵ˣ˯ȥɡ
֣Ȼٿӣɷ˵ȻǳڶĹģҲ˼ܾӦһȻ˵ӣվȥ
һص鷿ԺûʲôˣҲ׫дķԸˡעУһСʱĹˣ޸һ飬ûʲô⣬дһ飬͸㶨ˡ
ڶһ磬˶ñȽ磬֣׼緹ģһûã˵ȥԵʲôˡ֣оɷһƬذ֮ģҲͷͬˡ
ϴԺ˾ͳˣһ˽Ų֣˼ֱӰиԴˡԽˣ֣ԽﲻһûлеĻԿʱ޷ԽֻͣΪѵؽˡ
¥ԺһֻǰиӰһæȥʱһϤŮ촦Ϻã
һ޶һǰǵˡ쵤һûüڣ֣Ѿ˵ˣ쵤ô㣬ôô
ҡҾ촦˵ôˣ쵤˵
ʲôʱģһʵ
ҡҹģһᣬûҹϢˣԾ͵С˼ùݣһҾ͹ˡ쵤˵⻰ʱһʹͷ۾˫š
ѽʲôʱ뿪ģ֣ʵ
ҴʮһߵģʱҹǶ˯ˣҾ͡쵤˵ʱСˣ˴Сѧһ
Ǿ͸ѽŵҵʱģʱûпѽ⸽˵ġ֣ӿ˵
ʾΪ쵤ſںߣ֮䲢ô
⡭쵤Է˵סˣղ˵Ŀɶʵûа֮ԣѵǡ
ˣ֣ȥԺ˺һᣬûʲôеˣԷڿأټ϶ʵڶܲˣ͵СһӣȻֻصߵȱ߳ԡ
벻뿪Ķ̶̼棬֣Ȼˣ˵Ҫǵùʱˮ⻰û
ҵ֢Ժ쵤һǷһʾΪڳѣɶΪҪǶԷıĻɾͲˡ
뵽Ժæ˵Ҹղ˵ĶģҵʱȥСǼżǰԵˣǵʱһûгأʵڶеܲˣҾȥǡ
쵤һͣҲ֣Ҳеò׼˵ľġٵģһҲ֪α̬
쵤ԷԲôе㼱ˣһ˵˵Ķģˣס޵ķƱأҪŵĻҡø㿴쵤˵ߵͷڰӷ
ˣʱҾѾ绰ˣԼȥһ̨ס̬ҪϿңҪɣһһ߲˵
ӶԷղŵǷ˵ľġҪ뿪ˣǽ񳿵ʱͲˣĻǲǻ
һĻԺ쵤һŻص˶ˣæһ˵лл촦лл
һ˵ס˵ĻҪǿ㸸ĸϣǾԲ绰ġһֱŷʲô飬ǳǻḶ۵ģܸҰ
һȻ÷ŮһǱҪôǲٵģȻָܹȥԸǸŮˣٱʹӬȻܰôڸǰ˵ģҲȷʵķλᣬʰˣԺͲٱĳˡ
֪ǣʱ쵤ѾѩˣôҲȥŮ˸ˣѰһᣬŻյһ֮쵤У֮нյȫǰѩͣҪ֣ìܣôЩڱĻôȥʡأһĻĹ۵㵹ȷʵмֵ
һ˵⻰Ժ󣬾§ǰȥ쵤⻰Ժһ˵ǣǣһסĻһס
ۡسŵ쵤Ÿ̧ͷһ֣Ѿֱ𷢶˳ӣų׵ط
֣쵤ĽԺ󣬱׼һȥλأ⳵һǿҲǿν顣ɷĻԺеˣ쵤ˣȷʵܸɫĻпڱ˷ˣҲͷ˴ȥ̨뷨
쵤һԺ󣬲͵Ѿ쵽ϰʱˣæСȥȻһֱ̨ȥѧˣ糿ӱԺ󣬾˵ձ˶ӣʱͲҪȥæ緹ʲôˡ
ϳԺ쵤ֿʼˣһȥķʱ򣬸ô˵֣ɷǹչˣ绰Ȼˣܲܰƽȡ̬ȣòضԴ
Ƽһٳ;Ȥѿһġ


ٰʮ 
УַǷļȴͿʽʱ˲٣Ң¬ûй쵼֯ĸ޹һʡί칫ĸΣ⸱εֻʮӵĻȻ뿪ˣ˵ﻹ飬ʵ벻ƺƳɺǲˬԽҵʽҲֻݲһѣлͷβĸо
ƼҢ⣬ϾΪʡĶڿʽʱ¶ҲͲˣ¬е벻ˡ˵ôҪѵ࣬Ǵ޿ĹҲ֣ھȻһ޹ǲ۲ġƺƳҲˣ¬ȷʵʧȥˣҲָˣøѴ޿ģ˭֪˼ҸҲû취ˡ
һûʲôҵúܣ˵ʵȻ˺һ򣬵⽲ȷʵն֮Ϊʵûʲô˵ģ뾫ʵĻҲܡûʲô˹עǲٲһ̸ֿĸо˵Ǻֵҵһ顣
죬޹µͦߣ˵ʵѵֶһĻᣬȻҪúõķһ¡һʮҵı棬һСʱûи㶨Ҫ˵ѧԱǲˣƺƳɶаקĳ嶯̲֪ĭĽشĴ֮·
òװһ͹سѧԱ֤飬ⱡһֽȴþĻαأ
ԷʱһǲȥƵģ˵ʵ޹ղװƵķԺܲðǹسˣҲܾ˵Ͼմ޹ӹѧԱ֤飬ȥĻƺҲе˵ȥƹسҲǱ˼ŹȥƵġҪȻĻ治һҪ޹
޹Ҳһ£ҪһǺҲʱ䣬ֻҪԺͺơ治жԷȥ˸ɲλãһԭ򣬸ɨء£ΪһģǺ¬ѡڵУޣеˣִõ֤͸һôأ⻹ôͷ
ʡί֯һ޹ġΪ˻ȡĻȨȻҲҪ£һߣ˲Ŵ͸ɲĸ׸ˡ׸ʧܣ޹ûӣǡиг˼ͻˡųȥȻ취׸λãһĻҲһ˫ˡ
Ѷȷǳ󣬵֮ǰ׸ףҲûпܡΪѡ飬޿ľҹҲǱشкʱҪԷӦûӣϾϴҵĵⱻȥˣҪһӦҲʲôֵ顣
Ϊ£ȥ˴޿ģԷҪԺ󣬵û˵ʲôֻ˵ʱڲίͨһ£ҪûʲôĻǾôˡ޹Ϊ»ˣµĺ߹ټͨһϢҲһص֮ǰӡ
⻰ԺȻܿģܵȥгĻ⼶ȥˣҵطȥҪȲˮˣܹųȥҲǳŬĿ֮һˡ
ϣ׸㣬˺úõغһͨ׸Ҳܲȥ˲ŴɸɣǶ͸ɲҪԱҪ˲٣Ͼֻܸɶ֣ȥǣһ֡ͷβĵˡ
޹Ҫµһһڸո㶨飬̾׸飬Ҳ˼ſڣ⻹һԭ׸ϾŸսȥ˲ŴĻƺҲеˡ
Ȼ޹ŵȥҲͶ˲Ŵλã׼Ҳģ֮ǰλȿšȹһصģ׸λҲжˣʱҲ˳ˡ
¾˵ֻǺ󻰣ûмǰ˵Ͼڲ˵ǺܴҪ˵ˣʱҪǸ㲻Ļǿɾ͵ԼԼˡ
ʱ޹Ϊһ˳飬Ϊ֮ǰûκη⣬˭игλøȤȻû˱ʾҪ֣ˣ˵Ӧⲻ󣬵״ǳˡ񸱲¬ȻҲһѡ֯񸱲ʡⲻ޹о⣬ҲһĪ֮У޿Ҳûһ㹫ʾ֧¬Ľ飬ֻǺǵ˵һ䣬һ顣
ӦҲ֮УϾ֮ǰڸɲĴ棬¬ѾնˣҪʲôλ㶼ֵĻǱҪȥ硣޹ΪεҪˣǿ˴ҵıԺȼϣ¬пܷŭ˵ܹигλáĻջĿɾͲһмĸгһݺݵ¬һҲ㱨ϴεһ֮
¬Ҳ֪ôе㲻صҲ뷨һƼвʵ֮󣬾ȷʵֵһã⣬Ҳ̽һ£İӳԱҵ̬׼֯һˣ˵鲿ǱߣҪȥʲôģʡҲܳʲô⣬ĻҲ쵼Ǻܱ
ϣԺ޹ȻŹᡣץסеҪ쵼ѾȷʾʡһʵѡδְΪڣ¬Ǳظɲ


ٰʮ 
¬֮ǰ뵽еѶȲСȻҲһ׼ҲûС޹ͨʲôֶﵽĿĵģǲ˵ͬ־Ѿʶ֮ǰʧǲһвʵͬ־ʡίУѧϰеͬ־ʱڿǵʱ򣬾ͰԵˣôҲΣҿ֯ӦûɣҲͲҪЩϸ֦ĩ϶ƽˣ˵ǰɣ
֮ǰ¬ѾеίϵˣԷ˵ԸʳͷȻ֮ˣҪʲôȻᾡȫˣǸƼʵθгı˵ʱ͸㶨ˡҪ֪ɲǴ飬ǵٿίоԺ󣬲ȥġ
޹벻Ϊǳһƣ˼ͻˣ˵⻰ʱ¬һֽ޿ġÿҲܲµóȻеĺı档
е㲻ˣ¬ǹˣǶ²ˡҪǺߵĻǻһ㣬ϾֻҪ¬͵һȥȻû£ǰߵĻõˡ˵¬ྩĹϵ˵жʱûд̽
Եһ֮󣬽еˣ޹ҲʲôûɫеĸгˣǾȻźţҪʡָһǲջˡ
го͵εĻǿɾͲһְλˡһ£ĳֵľֳε˸гλãľֳλþͿճһĻֵĸֳлᣬԺĿƳпܱεֳλáԴƣӰ쵽һձҵĴѧп˻һݷǳĹ
˵ĺ£вģҪʡһ⻰ҪŵĻǲŹء˵ÿطѾγ˹̶Ȩ֣򲻵ѵʱ˭ϣ˲ͽ˻ǴʡģǲǴһǲͼıһĻе˸ǲϣʡȥ˵ˣ⳶
˱¬̹΢ʣڸеϵԺٿˣȻûԼʲô飬ǺαػҪͽȥأ޹Һ¬аΪվסڱԷһ˵ƺҲòôˣ˿Ѿﻢˣֻüͦ
޿Ȼ޹ҪʤĻᲢ󣬻ǾһᣬϾ¶Է֮ǰͨ˵¬½ԺһԼһ͵ģ仹Ǻ˽ģȻзǳǿıһҲͱ˵ġμȻˣһɣ֮ĹϵûпŵıҪ
ıյĽ֪¬ѹԵƻʤҶ֪¬ı˭ҲԸȥһʵǿȻǽƵʱǾˣź޹ûƵǽĹ
Ҳ¬һٶһ߲ʵԺһҪ͵ԭ򣬵ʱҪ޹һץʲôѱе˽վӡⲻ˵˼ˡ
Ժ޹ǶѼȥ¶΢ʡҲѹ֣˼Ҹ죬·ģϴȴʲôҲﲻ˼ңƾʲôҪأ
޹ϻصԺ󣬰óúõǰ˼һڷ֢ڡ¬εڶʡίУޣһģ϶֮еϵΪеĸгʱճģ˵¬ʱ⣬ɲĴ֮һֱûȻΪ֮˵˵λþΪĳŵģѾˮˣؼкĳгһ
һĻʵҲͽ͵ͨˣһǲҵһȻһȥ¬ҲΪʲô¬ڿ֮ǰһֱû¶ʲô˻ȴֱʵԭڡҲ˵֮ǰҲ¬вʵǺҲδ֪
죬޹֮ǰҪҸѵһһͲʣҲԳͷǿڶ
̨˰Ժ޹ŷһȻѧԱеһӲˬڰ䷢ѧԱʱһֱŸ·˭ǷٿǮƵġ
ҵʽԺ޹ǲã׼ȥģתһ룬֮ǰʹ򶨵ҪһͲѿܾˣҲ̫˵ȥˣͶԵУ˵˺ѧԱǹ͡
ƺƳɶ޹Ǳν̬ȣԷһصСɫûûʲô֡
緹ʼԺ޹һֱһͲʵһһһѾʶˣ˵ʣһĵУŸУһ£֪ġ޹ѾˣһͲʲһһһƵʱ򣬾ȥԷƵĻǸ֮ãĻ͸ҵԷˡ
˺һԺҲûʲô޹еסˣվһһĸѧԱǾƣ͵ؿسƶһֻƱߵһǰȥˡеˣѧԱ׼һƣװӣԱߵĵУļ쵼˾ơ
һʱе㲻ղڷԵʱ¶ֻ˺һᣬĳϣȻӵ绰
ʽԺͳֻ绰֣ģæ˹ȥ˭֪绰ȴĵ绰ѹػʾŵֻûˣǱ򵽼Ժ󣬻û˽һ˼ڵ糿ȥ飬еĲ֮У˵ģ浱¡
سǰһںߵǰվһߵȺһʱŰעеǰô˵ȻˣĲɵģҲе̫ˡ
Ƽһٳ;Ȥѿһġ


ٰʮ ô
һעԺ󣬱㷢⣬վǰԺ޹׵ŸУѾˣȻһ̸ŨӣͶ˳л޹Ҳ֯ˣֻҶʶǸСɫѡǸʶ˹ˣǱ޹һƣȴţȻ̸Цһ֪ĸо
ʱسƺһˣһǳĵģ˵ʵ˵ɫе㲻̫ÿǹسơƣֻһϵ⣬Ҫ˵쵼Ǽģû޹ԷȻʡί֯ĸҲܰô֮൱
س룬ʲô˼ƣôˣɫһ˵޸Һһһƣ֪Ƿ͹⣿
ĳƺͺܱʱˣ޹Ȼʡί֯ĸһڳƺʱ򣬶ǸʡԵȻʽĳϳ⣬翪ᡢʲôʱֻǵУѧϰҵʽԺ۸ͣȻʲôʽĳϣسǡǡôƺˣҪ˼ҿɶ֪ˡ
޹ںܵװƣ͵Է仰϶ʱҲµؿǰˣ޹سơһƺƳɿԺ󣬸ǿĲѣһҪȥ֯޹֯ĸڴ֮ͥ£ȻҺֱϼĺã
Ȼ˿ǹسƺ޹ݣһǸŹسƹȥģƺƳȻҲһ˹ȥҪǷŵǰĻƺƳδػ˼ô˵㵳УĻҪǳʲô飬˵ģȻҲѲ˸ϵǽȴֵۡ
ٰǱѵĽҵʽҲ˵ҳţͺͻʡίУ޶ǮĹϵˣԸô־ôֻ֣ҪƺƳɲȥǸġ
ʱΪѿ޹ıһģ˭֪˹س˵Ĵڡͷڽŵ˼ŶԲߣղŹسôȻװˣǳĶˡ
޹ﰵ룬㲻ʡ칫Ǻ֯ûаëǮĹϵһ㲻ɣڴʱ˿̣޹ǲܵˣղһֱ쵼Ծӣڱ˼ҴˣȥԺҲٳˡ
޹Ժ󣬲װշֹسƺһӣתͷɨһۣȻװ˵ԭǹشѽãȾƣ
˵⻰ʱѹشҧúأ˼ѶԷֻһССĴѣòûʲôʸҽа塣޹˵߶˾Ʊ̬ȸûվ˼
سƿ˶ԷԺһӵҲǴӸղŽҵʽ޹ʱ򣬾ͺܲˬˡ㴵ʲôţѽӦƴĵط˭֪˭㵱ҪȢ˸΢С֢ţĶнʡί֯ҫηܶģγɹģҲӺ
ǲˬسƻǾˣϾԼѧԱ˼ǹμӵУѵҵʽ쵼ĻʲôȥĻԼǸΪһ㡣
س뵽ģһҲȻͬ޹ǲ׼ڹسƵĺ죬ϾͻԼҪӲһӵĻԵòǺܵص
سƴԺ󣬶˾Ʊһ仰Ҳû˵ֻԵǰ죬Ȼһ̧ͷѱоƺȾˣ׶ת׼뿪ʱ򣬷һûк꣬΢˶٣׼ȶԷԺ߿һ޹װƣҪԿƵסǿɾ͵á
һĶȻ޹һģǱȽϿģҲ뿪¶ˣҲӸղ˵ĶԻЩҩζҪٴȥĻпܸòʰ
سƺһѡã޹ȴô룬ΪţԷվţλ᲻᲻ɵʵ֤ĵȫǶģԷ˱оƣʲôҲû˵Ķӵ˼
޹׼ʤ׷˭öԷղžȻսȨģʱ˳ûô˵顣뵽Ժ¶һ˿ЦȻ˵λ㣬ôֻһ׼ѽ
سƺһ⻰ԺȻˣĻǲ쵼⣬ԼҲסˡڻʡһ㶼ֻһ³ʡĵؽ磬Ҳһ˵޹˵ȻָˡùسƺһǲˬҪ֪ղŵǱƣȻˣ޹ȴֻʪʪ촽ûеˮλ½
سƴʱе̲סˣ룬ѾˣҪǵôߵĻǿɾ͹ֲˡһĻ㴫ȥĻҲ˵Ҳ쵼ֻܹ̫ˡ
Ժ󣬹سƿ޹Ц˵޲ʲôҪǸղſѾľˡ
⻰Ѹղŵ޸ĳ޲ǲڸͬʱ˼ҲѶԷĶѾˣˣҪˡĻһʲô飬ɾͲܹˡ
⻰ͣ޹Ķȴһζ룬ղŲǽ޸ôĿˣҿղûסе˾ϲװƣҪƽɾˡ


ٰʮ ò
޹ΪѾѹسƺһסˣ޼ɵ˵ǹƣδе̫ˣôһͳѽеУôͬ־أʱ䣬Ϊǵѧϰǻ˲ѽôҲñʾʾɣ
һ͹سƶһۣ޹⻰˵õҲǱҲһ磬ؼ̫װˣʵ뿪Եˡ
У޹ĻԺæ˵ãˡ
޹󣬹ɫһȻ˵ôܲأ⣬ǻĹ֮ŴһΪʦ
λУ쵼ʦҺһѵѧԱлλʱĹչˣȸΪسƴ޹Ļ˵
˵ԺһﲱӣɵоƣһҲһУһ˵ȣƺƳɿʼҲɱ㡣գǻõӣǽԺ˼Ҿͺ㵳У֮޹ϵˣҪǶʲôӵĻǲԼԼҲڡһ˼ϣڶŲ
޹˶سƺһӣǲˬҲ˵ʲôϾ˼ҵУ顣ܲ˵ǲҪȫȹˣֻҪʪһʪ촽ˡĻһΪˡ
سƺԺ󣬳޹˵޲¸˰ɣǵ˰ɣҪûʲôָʾǿɾͻԼȥˡ
⻰سȻڴ޹ǾƵ⣬ȻʲôһΪʦΪġسҪһеʲѾˣȻԷԸ֣Ǿͺúõظһ£ҪȻΪƵġ
سͬʱҪͶԷĻðһժȥºûаϵûҪҲͽҲ˵ѵԺһҪȥʡί֯Ļ͸ˡ޹֯ĸɲΪһʱԺһǿɲķ
޹Ҳ֪þյĵسƣûʲôӣ˼ҪĵزҲûʲôð취ӡӶˣҲòˡسҪǴһ͸ղһŤͷߣҲٶ˵ʲôˡڶԷƫƫҭһ䣬Ҫôˣ֮ǰŬɾͰ׷ˣղֻȥˡ
Źس˵ش⾴ƿɲʵѽ˼Ҷһɺãһ׼ˣƺе㡭
˵ͣ˻ͷ棬վ׼ϷŵȥվһߵˣְһѣӷŵһߣԱиĿռʩչ
޹վΪ˸سƺһӣȥⰺͷ˵ζʵڲܣ̬Ҳе̫дˣñ˿Ժܻ᲻ˬվ
س֪޹ǲưոˣתһ˵һϵܣȻ޲ȤҾͺúȥϾưɣ
һ⻰Ժ˹سƵ˼˵ʵͦжģʱǿɲԸ׼ܶԷĺ⣬ͻȻ´ֻͳһŵĵ绰ʱȻ˲ߵ״ˣŹس˵ظ磬˼ˣȥӸ绰
سƱһԸߣ绰ÿʱЦ˵ȥɣˣľƱߣһỹҪȾء
һ⻰Ժ˾Ʊ˵˵ͷ߿첽ȥ˵ʵŵҪǽѧϰĽҵʽټϻԣһһȥġ
ߵԺæ˽ʵţĶأҸղŸ绰ôػģ
ǹػûˣȻͶճȥԷģڸյλϵԺ󣬲ſδӵ绰͸ˡ֣˵
ΣֻûˣҲöյֻҴһѽⵣġһԹԼŵһúܣڵ͵ûû͵ģǶһ䣬ھ͸ˡﻹе㵣ģǹϵһ⣬ܶϷ
֣ϹıԹԺҲе㲻˼öյֻ绰ģе¶ԷЦҲˡ
һСͷЦ˵ٺ٣Ϲ˼ѽԲˣ
һղҲû˼ֻҪʾһĹĶѣô˵ˣȻٶ˵ʲôˣЦʵĽôǲǿҪְˣ
ߣ㣬˭ղŶô׵ģ֣ʱˡ
һЦ˵㲻ңҲѾ֪ˡ
Ŷɣ˵֣˵һ£ֲϹµģҪгɡ
һЦ˵Уˡ˵Ժһͣ٣˼öԷоȻŽ˵һбˣܼ򵥣ҪûеĻһǳ䣬绰ʱ򣬾㲻޿ģҲˣУҪĻһûʲôºͶȥֵġ˵ԺԾûеλ˼֪Լˣһʵڼţ㣬ȴ෴
֣ɷĻԺ󣬺ðűһ仰ôô˽ңǵģһҲ档⻰˵Ժֻһ˷ܵı飬ֻ˵ϹбˣǲǸҸطúףһ£һϲѽˣҪ߰ǡ
һҡҡͷЩ°ؼԺ˵ɣչ˺Լû±ȥϹˣ㻹֪ԼˣȻȥ֣Ƕˡ°Ժ̨ңʱȥ㡣
ұȥģǶӲҪȥԡ˵⣬һ绰һ֣˵ʲôѽȥ㡭


ٰʮ 
һûȫô£ֻ֣ŵ绰˵Ϲãˣһġ߻ػʹæعҶ˵绰
⻰ԺһôˣŴ绰ʱ򣬶վߣղȥһҲ⣬ڽˮõ˶յϣǶԷȻ
ԼţһʱڼҵСһ㣬崿ɰȻʮҵСѾͷûƢ컹һΪϴģ˷ЦںͶյ˵һʧܶա뵽Ժһҡҡͷȥ
һղڵȻΧ˲ٵˣ˾λϣҲĳԺȣעҲǱߵ档һʶؾóʲôˣղǱߵʱȻҲеҩζûôĶ֪ʲô̶ˡ
һ˹ȥղŹسȻҪǼ鵱ժʱٿԲͽȥǿɾ͹˼ҵһƬˣֻܵ͵һȥѡ޹ŵķ
ĻҪ뷢֣ǲܵģͻȻתͷĿǰֿӦò
ߵǰʱһ˫ִƺѾˣسת׼뿪ٿ޹񲢲գµһ滹ȫˣܿ˰ɣ
⻰ԺһĪ֮УҲżߵ˴ǰĿⶢ˹سƵϣ뿴׼ӦԡسƵıֺһʧû޹ԹԵԼλȥ
һһĻʧΪһͣȻǿϷڻûѾĻˣȻмֲ֮С
һĻ޹ɾͲʧˣǷŭַĵķŭȻ˼㣬ǵô˵棬÷˵㷢ˣأʱ˼Ծɲ㣬ֻΡ
޹ŹسƵıӰһȣȻ˳ȥ̵ʮֵ޲ֱµسƵȥˬأйԺ󣬲ȴʾ͵һ
һ¿ɳˣղվʱѾϵһȥˣҲ˵ʱƨɵյġߵƺƳɺŸУҪʱѾˡ޹ʵʵһƨ˵ϣҵһߵ棬ֻصһҲȥ
ʱҶ̿ס֮УΪʱ޹ʵ̫ЦˣƨŵأͷţһƵĻڵת˰ȦƺƳɺŸУ״æϴקΧ۵˼״æظҡҸˣʡһ޹߳ŭҷʱҲǹǿɾּˡ
Ժ޹Ȼ˼ٴװˣһṦԺ󣬾ʹ˾ˡ
һһĻɵҡҡͷ˵װδҲ̫ʱһɣӦӲϾ֮С
޹Ժ󣬷ʹոΪǢˣУҲãѧԱҲգҴһϦദҲаʱˣԻϤˣ񳯷ֱԺټ滹֪Ǻµ飬Զеϧ˼
ô˵У˵ΪرһƺƳɣһ̸꿡̸ȻΪһԭе㲻þ뵽ԷߣǼӦ죬ҲȻˡڶûƣֻĬĬػ˼ۣ㹻ˣֻҪ㣬ڳĺĺ
̸һῴܲҸʵĻᣬһǲǷ㣬ҪǿܵĻͶԷһۣ֪µȡڶԷǲʱ䡣ʱһ˵ܹؼܾãʵڲеĻҲûʲôԺеʱͻᡣ
ƺƳɵ˵ʵȫҵġһֱԹسƺһѡѧԱڻ̸̯Ժǿ˲˳ۡҲûܰôΪϽܸԷһĻԸѡһߵȴʱðȻֵĽֻԼ뱻ǲȥôɵðģ˼һ㵳УѧԱУǰȥѣǲԱ
ƺƳ벻ǣȻһûᣬǾ޹ȻҲ߹سƺһ֪޹ıһģֻغ͹سƽˡΪԽ˵гҪ޹ҪĻʩԮ֡
˭֪ķչȫ֮⣬ĸ֮һ˳޹سûסˣøĽ֡ƺƳɺǲˬյĽ޹ûһ͹سƵӣضһˡһĻ컹Ҫȥʾһ£ô˵˼ҲĵˤӣôҲ˼һ°ɡ
ƺƳɿ̾һ˲Ժͷ͵һȥ޹ǵʱǲǿ㡣ǸسƾˣϾʡˣ̫Ļ¶ˣǸһȻ˵Ҫȥʡί֯ǿ޹ĵ̣Ӧùһġ뵽ԺƺƳһɨղƵ飬ΧƱյ
һٷԵеĲɣǵģеĲ֣ŵԸˣȻڴУʵȴûʲôӦ׼е㵣ٳȥҹ䡣ҪǳʲôĻĸϵĻҪ


پʮ ֵܻ
극ԺһæһŹȥʱĶҲҪȥʵڰ칫ţһȥ
ھнҵʽ֮ǰʺƾѾԼˣ극ԺҸطȲȥ׼һԸģΪһ£Ҳȡˣ˿̣ȻǳŵҲ˼ˣĻ˸뷨ˣϾ˽Ҫֱ˵Ժһлپ۵ģǱϾǺܳһʱ֮ˡ
ͽԺûжֱͣһĳﳤȥһҪȥʡί֯ϢѾѵﴫˣ˶Ҫһ׽ֻѡ֮ˡ
˻ѡ֮ǰȥĲ¥ĻȽţʺ̸еĵط˶࣬㣬˵ʲô
Ľ֮޽˱Ƚֵ꣬ѵԺ󣬴Ҷ˲ǰԴʱǷǳˡѾӲʵ֪һ㶨˸г飬⵹ǲʵ첻ʵ֮ϵһҲʲôģҪȻ쵹ԼһһˡȻ֪ƺһôԭ򣬵ȴ֮Ľ
ƵҲңպͮϵʱеڣΪ»˺һ֮Ĺϵڿⲻˣʹ˫֮ĹϵǢ
׼һһ飬Ҳ㿴ˣͷһͷȣҲˡ˵ʵƶԴ˲⣬ǷǳģͮˣҲǾͮҶϪмΪɫġΪʲôһͿأһ˷ѽ顣
ʵȫƵ⣬һģ֮䲢ڿϿϵ⣬һ뵢衣ӦԼǾ׵ظĺ棬Ļôôأһв֮ء
˾Ƶ󣬽̸ĻⶼǷǳɵģǺδйصĻ⡣һԺȥϴϢһ£˲پƣʱϢһ£Ҳǲѡˡ
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һȻûкȶپƣæŰƽӵ飬ҲķģԲһṦʺƸղ϶ͱƴˣ˯øǿ졣ʮӲʱ䣬˴˷ĺСڵõкҲû˽ȥš
ԡĹģȽϴ򣬹ӦҲȽϸȻṩָķ񣬵ԡȷʾҪĻǱ㲻ȥˡ
˵һ˯ñȽ̤ʵֱĵʱ˲ŷֱѹһóֻһһδţ²鿴Ժ󣬷־̸꿷ģĶأһٿʱ䣬ҵʱ򷢵ˣæһȥʵʵ˵ơϴģղ˯ˣû
̸ܿ꿵Ķֻ˹ʽûʱ䣬һԸ
һ̸֪꿵˼Ҳ˵ĸ֮գһ£뷨ӦҲ֮Сһ֮ǰѾ˵ˣֻþܾ˵⼸춼еæпյʱϵ
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һظ֪ˣпһ绰˷ͼԺ⼸ȫɾˣⷽ棬ԴӵӦԺ⣬½֦
һԺ׼һԷģһ˵飬Ϊ˷ֹȥҽԺ˵˳ʺһһҪְˣ׷׳Աʾףء
Լһ£ֻҪ˾۵һˣһæҲøϹҪǲģһƶͷʾͬ
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һ̨ſڵʱͣ³׼Ӵ绰ͻȻӳһӰһһ˾Ȼ쵤ǷֻҪ׼˵ʲô
쵤ȥ£ӳ⳵Ժ󣬾Ϳǰһĳӣ쿴ʱǰȷϣߵǰ
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ķ¥Ժ󣬿쵤İ칫ſڣȻǳʲôģǺ˹ȥ쵤ķıԺֱģĵ˼㣬һǸˣ绰ȻˣյĽλȡķ̬ȣԷӣһҲûС
ķ߽Ժ쵤æЦ˵̨磡
ķֻǴӱһȻͳԿ׼칫ҵš쵤˿̵Ȼӿ࣬ΪĵľǶԷ˽ȥԺֱصһŹˣǰϣҲûˡ
ķԺ˱ߣ߳˵


پʮһ ϵ
⻰Ȼƣ쵤ȴֱ֮һ㣬æƨƨߵظںȥˡ˽ȥԺ쵤˳һˡ붯ʲô˼ҲķҲʲôȤôҪķһᷢʱ򣬾ҪʶΪԷһӦǱزٵġ
쵤֮ǣķûæ˵ûУֻԺҪڱŪǷˣպ˺쵤Ӧ˵˼Ѿ̵ʶԼĴԺԲٷͬĴ
ķ󣬻һת쵤˵ԺǴ飬һۣա֣СᣬҲǸˣԶһ㣬Ӧġ
쵤ٱҲóķ⻰ǳѩ˵ģλʡ̨δϴѾĳ˲ˣĻĻɾˡ뵽Ժ쵤æ˵̨ģԺĻһ˹ͨϾǽҪǿһ㣬ͿָҴĳЩ飬ҲٷĴ󡣡
˵⻰Ժ쵤ԼЩǰԲģķҪľһ̬ȣ˵ͨ˳ģȫԺԲơ˵ǶԷĶ˵컨׹Ҳûκá
ķ⻰ԺЦ˵ȻˣҾͲ˵ˣȥһЩҥԣҲҪϣĸɺԼıְļٲˣͬٵҲ治ˡ
쵤⻰Ժ󣬿ĲѣԷѾŵ㵽ʡȥˡԺæ˵лл̨һŬģԺʲôòλĵطָллˣ
ķûٺ쵤˵ʲôֻǻ˻֣ȥˡ
⣬쵤һ쵽ͬ˹ɽһ㣬嶥ȵף䣬յĽ㲻ûб㵽ʡȥĻ޵ĵطûС
˷ܺο쵤ʶһ⣬ķѾȫûȥʡ˼ˣ˵ǷҲôһ¶ѣûʲô˼һĻǾúȻˣȥȥʡǿɾ֣Ϲһ仰顣
ͨԺĲˣⶼʲôѽδҲ̫һɣ֮ǰԼȻԻҩһ㣬Ȼѩĺ֣ǿϵˡ
ڿ֮ǰǸ飬δþһ£Ͼ²ûвôصĺҪβµĻһѩĺҸ㡣һСĳװ֣޼ŭ˵Ļп֪ôģǿɲŽԩأ
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ǱߵһԺͼææظ˻ˣҲൽ°ʱˣе㵣֣ǲą̊́ҪȻеԲؽϡڿɺˣȻڴſֱ֣Ϲѽ컹ǿѽ
ǰᣬ쵤һĳӣȻȲظ˹ȥȷ֣ϹԺ쵤ͷ˵촦ã糿ҵѾԲˣлĹչˣҴԼԼҵĸĸʾл
һȻöԷ̬е̫ˣҲϣĽԸˣһҪصظָӰߣֳ㹻ǿܴݻߣԺȻͲʲôˡ
һЦ˵ŮʿǰɣҲôᣬʲôĵطԺ
쵤⻰Ժһ룬㲻ỹڷ˰ɣ֮ǰȻڸں氰ǰܣǲûиʲôŵѽȻǰһ⡣
쵤е㲻ˣæ˵촦ϴε⣬ҿûʲôģһҪҡ
һĪһԺ󣬲֪Էʲô˼漴Խһתе׹ˣǰŮһղǾ仰˼ˡҲͣװ˼״Ȼ˵ϲǰ֮ǰô£˵ʲôʲôֻҪ˵ˣûʲô˵ģؼԺı֡ЩԷȴԲһ٣ٶط˵԰ɣ
Ҫ˵ղǻ쵤еɻĻûκ⣬˵ǳľˡԺ쵤æ˵촦ģ֮ǰǱˣͿҵıְɣ
һ󣬵˵ͷ˵ãã
쵤ò״һһ֣ﻹһļ˵Ѿ˵ˣ˵쵤Ҳˣ׵һһ˵촦Ļһһģɷ򣬺Ǻǣ
⻰Ժһе㱻׵ˣҲ÷񶨣ֻúǵԷƣ뿪һһ£쵤˵Ůʿ֪ܲ鷳һ飿
쵤⻰Ժĵļղû뿪ǶˣڶԷȻԼȥˡס飬æĵ˵촦ʲôԸֻ˵ұ֤


پʮ ¸ĸ
һ˿еЦõĸоľǰǰŮ˸ߣҪȻ֪ܳʲôءԺæ˵ɣȥһʡٴ绰ˡ
쵤һԷȻô򵥵飬Ȼе㲻ʹ죬ϵı仯Ҳ֪ˡ뵽Ժ쵤æ˵У촦ţ͸ȥ
˵꣬һش𣬾ŤŸɱβٵȥ
һ˿̲ŷһ֧̣سԼӣ֣Ͷվʹ˳һæ̣ȥſţϾҲˡ
սĲһı㳵ȥոյ֪еϢС϶еҪ˵һ˼һôڡ֣֪뷨Ժ˵ʲôҲԸ⣬ƽʱһ·һ·ȥģ͵Լˣӡ
ϳԺ󣬶æ͵촦˼ѽλӲҪݣɲҪԹѽ
ôأˣգһ׼أֻܲܰңҵʱЩ˵٣ҪȻֻ֪ʲôأһ˵ߺݺݵ֣һۡ
֣͵͵ɨɷһۣȻ˸ɫСͷתͷȥԺ󣬻ĿڣһҺµ̬
ռ״ȴ׼Źͷ쵽ĶߣʵϹҪҵĺأǸǲѽ
֣״ҪյĲӣæһӣһ˵촦ҲܹţҲ̫Ұ˰ɣ
һ״εҡҡͷ˱ɣɡ˵Ůһ̨Ϸ˿̲Եط֣⻰ǴˣŮ˾һ̨Ϸˣһһַ̨ǷĴϷвм֮С
Ժ֣æ糿ȥϸϹ˻㱨һ˵ԺҲܿģæ䣬ԺҪٳȥˣҪһʲôĻǿɾͺĪˡ
֣ӽӵһĵ绰Ϊֹ糿Ŷȥֵͺˡʱ뷨ǻԺϽֵĻˣúùһ䡣Ļе£ղϹ˵ģҪʲôĻǿûؿȥ˿̣ɷĻԺæӦ
˻һԺͲҪˣɴֱӵȥԡ֣ڵȻȥˡһҲĸ׽ӹ뻹ˣϱڴһĻֳìĻɾ͵òʧˡ
˳ȥԺûɢֱӻؼˣһ֪֣ʱˣҪǴ˿ɢĻɾеòʧˡ
صԺ֣Ȳ绰Ժ󣬸˫ĸĸ˹ȥѡȴһĸס
ӵ绰ԺϢ˼ˣϲĸо漴Ͷվһߵ˵֣ˣˣ
֣󣬷ͨ죬æŵ绰˵裬ҪûʲôĻǾȥǡ
æ˵ôأڿʱڣɣ죬ҺֵӦǣӴҲһСá
֣⻰ĸԼӣҲܸˣæ˵裬ѽͰʲôʱǰһʱһȥǡ
ããһ㿪ĵ˵
֣Ҷϵ绰ԺָԼĸ״ȥ÷˵ŮҲܿģϾͺ㲻ͬһ֪ʶˮƽ˶ŮҪע⻳ڼҪһЩ⣬һ䣬ǵš
֣Ϊĸ׵̫ۣæŵ绰˵裬İɣû£ҺһѾˣڵλԣϻؼԺ󣬾ȥԵõġȲҪͣҪӪһá
÷̾һ˵ҿһ䣬ҪȻĻôˡ涼һЩʲô߰ģǾȻ׼ԣǻƣƲʲôĲ̸Ĳ;ͺܳ⣬ǲ᲻֪ɣҵǲģôҲΪҵ￼ǿǰɣ
֣ΪϹܵĸĿģԴ绰ʱ򣬶õᣬԺ÷ĻҲһֲشһĶ档˶һۣ󾽲ѣղȷʵֻŷ㣬ѸΪҪˡھ÷һѣȷʵô£Ҫ˵ķżȥȥˣȥԣһ֣е£ȷʵܲ׵
Ҳ֪ôźã֣ŵ绰˵裬˵˵Ǹôźأ
ѽȷʵǸ⡣÷СµҪɣҸķͱ⣬ҲǵĹ
裬˵ɣһӵĶȥҺʵıķɾЩĵıķ˼ϴһյ֣˵˵͵ضһİڼһе㲻ϰߣУã
÷ŮĻԺҲȷʵô£Ǵ˿ʲôõ⣬һҲѡ˼Ժ󣬶֣˵һһֻʱٺ˵˵ûʲôõİ취֮ô˵ȥԣ϶ǲеģǻ˸Իˡ
˱һǻ顢Ļϲȴе㲻֪ˣȷʵǸ⡣ұķĻҪ˵֣ӦһҲ̫ϲ˭Ը͵ؼһİ˽أ
ϸ˺һҲûʲôõ⣬ʵͷԸɴͲȥˣ÷˵֣ȥġһ֣˦ƹ񣬵ʱ˼ҵ˼ȥˣԺ˸ɴûûεؿˡĭ֣ϲģһĿȻΪţҪȻ絽ѪսĹˡ


پʮ ȫ
Լŵʱ򣬵绰ͻȻ֣Ժ󣬹Ȼĸ׵ġ÷ڵ绰ͷ˵Һˣ׼Ӧչ㣬òȥұķˣԷʲôҲһˡ
֣⻰⣬һǲ֪ˣ˵¸ĸģһҲûĹĸĸŮĸĸˣоϻ伴ʹٴҲֻһӡ
÷ŮˣΪһʱԾϣǶŵ绰˵ѽֻǵһ뷨ģһһ£Ҳһʱˣһˡ
֣֪ĸ˼ǴʱҲͣΪȷʵҪһһ£ĸ׵Ļ˵õģ裬һҺһһ£Ȼٸǡ
÷ӦһȻָڼע㣬ǰºͺҪرģΪʱ׳״֣ĸ˵ģһһϣӾԼϵޣǧá
֣Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬾ͰѸղĸ׵ĽϹһҲһ㶣ҲĸݰŮ֮ĸжˡĸԸĻȻõģΪĸŮ֮ģ֣ϰߡʳص㣬ԼȤõȶָƣȻܸõչ˺
С˵Ȼ֮õ飬һͬʱҲ뵽һַǳʵ⡪ĸԺô죿˵ʲôģͨʱĽӴһүӿûʲôԾԣھ棬ҪûĸĻƲС
һ˿ҲеѵľأŶĸ˵ҲͬˣһɷһŮջѡŮߣ⵱Ȼΰĸ֣ΪŮŮ̹Ȼ֮ǿɾе㲻̫صˡֻ֣ĻУȽ϶ԣ֣ΪҪԴ˿һΪѣ֪Ӧǰ⡣
֣ȻҲóɷì֮ҲĸôζʲôҲ˳˼ϣһȫİ취
˸ղźɣ˿ȴ˳˼Уã˭û˵һ仰浹ǲͣߴģ֣ķֱӽرˡ˽СʱԺ֣͵˵һ㿴вУ
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֣ɷʻԺ˵ҪĻƱչ˲Ұ֣ҪǲĻвġҪ㿴вУҵʳȥǾȫ𣿡
һһ㶣漴һ⵹ȷʵǸķĸͷˣҲûʲôġ˵ʲôģһģ飬Լȥķкܸ㶨ˡ
뵽ԺһЦ˵⵹ȷʵǸȫİ취֪ǻ᲻˵ĶŮлҵĵ
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µ绰Ժ󣬷ֺϼ˺һ󣬾ȷʵһ֮Чİ취һĻ͵ͺˡȻû˵ʲô˼ǺȻ뿴һ¶ϱӦ棬СŮֻӴΪ֮
һ׼ٴ绰ȥģ֣˵ʱ䲻ˣʱƹŶϢˣٴɣһ£˵һ䣬绰ȥæİɡ
һէһԺ⵳Уѵˣ֯ǱҪܲŹȥ֪ͨ涼У¡׼ڵʱ͵뵽Ӹղǻ˼׼׿ںİ˵׼ȥʳǵ顣
ԺһͦжģƽʱеֵģТĸһûǺܵλģѱΪʲôġ˼һԺһʲôҲû˵ֻһӦ
ڶһ磬һ˼֣ͲҪȥϰˣ˭֪һҪȥ˵̨ģԼȥˡһ׼˵ȥģӼ̬ȣеˣǰǼ飬֣ӦҲܵ˴ͽ̬ȣеҪֱ˼
⵹һԸ⿴ĽĿǰƿ;ϣӦûǰ߼һĻԺ֣ҪӦĳϣڴ˽һ飬Ȼͻ
С緹Ժһųֱ̨ȥſԺ֣³֮ǰһ˵ӽ쿪ʼҪӦһ˵ˣ緹ʲôģԼ
һæ˵һǣһһ־Ķֱ֣Ц
ӽ˵̨ԺһȻ֣ʱûʲôҪؼ˯֮ǰʹˣҪȥһ°־־ֳǿһǰʱŲǼ顣˵ʵһе㲻ˣ˵Ⲣʲô£ѾȥüˣòƶԷûϢ⻹е֡
ֱӿȥģ룬Ļе㲻ףվڶԷĽǶȣܰʦĻɾе㵰ˡԺһȴ绰ȥ̽ʵ


پʮ ݻᾰǿһ
쾰ǿ̬ȣһӦòڷܣ֮ǰк˵Ӧòڰ˷Ѿѽһͳֻڵ绰ҵ˶Էĺ룬˷ͼ
绰ͨԺһһĶߣ촦ǲ˼Ȼ鷳绰ˣ˵ʵ׼ٵһģɾԲǳ滰ǰϰ˵ѵнҵʽҹȽ࣬пܱȽۣ׼Ȼٺϵġ
һ˶Է⻰˵ͷ˼ɲ˵ѣЦ˵֣˼ѽһ鷳ˣҲûб˼ûʲôطҪҰæģ
˾ǿĻԺһеڴ绰ˣ˼ҼȻô˵ǿ϶Ǻܾĵڰˣ㻹ߵĻǾԵе㲻Ǻܵصˣ绰ѾͨˣʱҶϣȻǲܵˣֻһʵ˵ǳ
ǿ⻰Ժæ˵촦˵һд⣬æȷʵһ⣬Ҿһ£ܲһЩΪֱӵ
һ˶Է˼֮ǰṩ˼ҵЩҵӦˡһ󣬻е⣬ΪټĶȫˣӦò£ڿƺĻе롣
ԼϹĥɲǰ취ɴȥԷǿ˽һ¾ô¡뵽ԺЦ˵֣֪Ƿ񷽱㣬ھ͵ȥһˣ㿴
촦̫ˣĶһأ˵طȥ㡣ǿæ˵
ǰΪȥ㣬ԷȻû˵ʲô໨˼֮͸¶촦ͷܲ򵥡
þǿܲʹ¶ĲжѣҲһҪѰɹˡΪ£̫ԷΪˣһˣô˵ζʲôǿ
ǰԺȻһǰдˣĻҪǱϰ֪ˣ¾ĺùӳˡ
һЦ˵ѽҪסˣڴأҲ֪УǱ߽ˣ֯ǱҪܲŹȥءڿ˾޼ҿɹ飬ԻȥǰɣǺǣ
ǿ⻰Ժ֪Էںʵ飬æ˵촦ҿɾ͹ˣǺǣ
ǺǣֿˡһҲЦ˵͹ȥһ͵˵⻰Ժ͹Ҷ˵绰
ǿ绰洫ཱུæߡûаֻ£ڵ绰淭һ룬Ȼ˷ͼ
绰ͨԺŰ˼䣬ֻԷ˵֣ģ֪ˣİ칫ȥ
Ժ˵ǵһ֮ǰԼʰһ£ӹιθɾ·ʲôģҴˡ
ãã֣ģһٳϴεˣұ֤绰ͷӹмĵ˼
ǿûٺͶԷ£ֱ˵绰ҪЩϷ㣬㹻ѹ˵£Ǵ绰ˡһԸԷ绰ֻһñȽϼһΡ绰ѾܸԷˣĶٺɫģǵ绰ͷļһ治֪Լʲôˡ
һ׼𶯳ӵʱ͵һ⣬ԼȥԷ£ֿտյƺ̫ãܴʲôأܲ̾ȥԷİ칫ҰɣƺҲе̫ˡ
ԥʱ͵ϴǷȥ¬ߵʱķ˺һ״֣ϡϳԺæȥ⣬¸ˡ뵽ԺһӳóǸεĶȻϳ׼鿴һ
𿪰װֽһȻһ̣һʼΪֻͨлҲû⣬׼һȥǿ칫ҵʱ˳׼ŵһߵʱֻǰһΣֻʲôģһϸ鿴һȻȻд֡ع
Ȼֺ̣ͬûֲɴȥˣ˲ƷĲ⣬ֿζٶǮҲûȥǹϵݺӵĴ⡣Ҳǹرعĸԭڡ
֣һȻܽһȫǿˣĻ͹Բ̵ˣ˵Ժ˵׼Ӧûô̲ԺŽϸشźá
һԺһ˳ӣƷ־ֵķʻȥ
ǿ֪һҪȻڰ칫ȣȻѾ֪˶Էıţ棬ĶдԾſڴš
һһֵһһȻܹעģ񾰹ǿ֣ΪƷ־£оֱӽִֵģŽ֮һľֳҪϺü֡
Ʒ־һĸֳ֮ǰʱģұۡ͵һӱˣ򶫱оֹһְƤ֮ëɸڵӿ֪
һҪ뱣סǰλñ¾ֳ̺ˣԴӾǿԺǿʹ˻⹤渺𣬶֥С¶ʱʾ㱨š
˵ıλֳǵȻҲںЧȻûʲô̫Ĺϵ¾ֳԺҪǿ㲻ˬҲʲô£Ͼ˼ҿǴзġ


پʮ ݻᾰǿ
ǿ׼ѰƷ־ֵ˶һһµƣƺûжıҪˣٲؼȥ۲۲죬ԾƶЧѡһĻǿڰƷ־ֵ˵ﵽһ㣬ȥ飬ǴϵһԹ֮
ǰ£һϴҪҵˣϴľȻһΪˣһЩϵˣһܲˣΪ˷ֹһȥϴǸ״ǰȥǻ㱨
ڷ־ֵ˶ܹעǿһһУһӣ¥ϵļλֳѾ֪ˡֳ֪ȥſӭȥˣһֳȻڰ칫棬Ҳ׷˴׼ӭӹȻ˭Ҳ֪Ҫӭӵ˭ǽֳĽŲһû
ǿʶԺеЦ֮С˵Ӧøˣ˵Ʒ־ֵ˶Ψհڶ̶̵ʱڣôߵţȻɿġĹؼȵһԷļȻҲͣϾһϵͳģȻ̸쵼һˣοϸ˵ԷԼֻΪһ˽¶ѡǰƷ־־ȻôĶһһţƨĵϣǿɾͲˡ
ڵǣǿܽ⼸ֳذ칫ȥĻһΪĸ쵼Ҫ׼ǽӽĻᡣþǿֽѡЦõĸоȻǾһŰɣԸȵģɲǹġǿ
һƷ־ſڵʱû³˵ʵе㵣ſڵһͨʱ򾰹ǿӭģɾͱˣԳſڵʱ׼ֱӿȥ
˭֪յſڣͿһﵱģվǣڵˡһ룬쵼ҪƷ־黹ôİɣղûǿ˵ѽ֪ͻʱٹˡ
ǿʱҲžƵĴɣɣϴһݣȻ֪ʱʱ;֣⳵ȥɣɣԺ󣬱϶ԲˣɣɵôôĻҶȥˡ
³Ժһ³ƣˣһһװҵǾơ⳵Ҳ֤ϰ˵λ촦ȷʵǺţ
Ҫ֪ƱѸ㣬˼ھȻҵװȥˣɲһţ档Ȼǿѹû⳵Ƶ٣ΪһҸɲȻʹüðľգӽˮˡ
ȷ˾һԺ󣬾ǿӭȥһġٳԼĳ߹Ī֮У룬ⲻ׼ӭҵİɣδҲ̫һɡȻɻ󣬵ǴƿţӳˣòưƷ־Ĵſڳĳ⣬Ҳڶߵڶˡ
ǿһԺæк촦ѽǲ˼һˣѽ
λֳ˾ǿĻԺһ㶣Էǿ˵ģʱȻô͵ǰմӳˣǸǲˣӦþԲʮ꣬Ȼʲôˣ˴۾뵽Ժ漴һʣ⾿ǺηʥоֵģģʲôʱȻôĴԼ֪Ϣ̫ˣԺһҪܣ顣
ǿ˾ǿı֣ʶΪһҲǾϵͳģоֻôһв֪ȻЩ֮С
ٳʲôֵǮȻϢˣڵ˲Ϣ棬ϢҪˣ̸Ǳ߶Ѿ䶨ˣ⻹ûõϢأʲôȥ˼Ҿأ
һ˾ǿĻԺæ˵֣ã˵ҿɾͲˣ鷳ġ
촦лѽҵĹûλ˷ʱˡǿ˵ˣǷ־ֵλֳ˵촦ݹ٣ҲҪһʶһ£Ҹһ£λ֣λ֣λǡǿλֳһһΪһ˽ܡ
ĸȻ֪һǺηʥһֶ䶼ô𾴣ȻСˣæһһǰȥͶԷֵ֣ʱ򣬿µ˵ͣʾԶԷأͬʱ˵촦ãգ
һȻ֪ԷǳһҲЦŷֱ֣ѧ˵գա
ǿԺ󣬳ĸЦ˵λʽһ£λʡί֯ɲĴһͬ־ʱæǸ飬촦ģһҪ໨˼
ǿ⻰˵̫ˮƽˣĸֳһݣҲһˣ㽻ȷʵ˵ΪֹΪʲôûиΪȷʵѶȡ
һ仰ͽ⣬˵Ĺһ˲ڹٳ⻰治ǿѨ磬ӾǿϾͿԵõӡ֤
˵Ķ˵òˣǿһ־ȥͬʱعͷĸֳ˵Ϻ촦еҪʱ򣬴ҾͲҪȥˣ͵ſڵļζ¥ɣ㣬ζҲʱֱӹȥҾͲһһ֪ͨˡ
æͷಽظһ;ǿǰȥ
˰칫¥Ժ˺һټԺ֪ȤػԼİ칫ҡһھǿĺ棬ȥİ칫ҡ
˸һľһ裬һǰĲ輸棬Ȼ΢΢һЦתŶȥ
ԺһӰóղ׼˵̣˹ȥЦ˵֣ʱ鷳ˣҲûĶѸģͽ軨׷ˡ


پʮ ݻᾰǿ
ǿһóе֣һ˵Ƕһۣ̽ӵԺɨһֻۣ桰عԵøǿ͵һĲԽϵͣʱӴĶıֵҲ֮С
ǿҲʶԼʧ̬ȴ⣬Ц˵촦ѽЦ⻹ǵһμⶫֶеòˣǺǣ̫лˣδ̫
֣˵ҿɾͲˣ̶ֻѣôæҶ֪ôлءһ˵
ǿЦ˵Ҿˣл촦ˡ˵߰Ǹĳ򿪣Ȼ̷ŽȥֽϡôһǾⶫȷʵһҲһʾ֮⡣
ЩԺӣһ֣һȲĶһҲŶ豭˴ĲҶǳǳغڡ֪Է׼ˣ˵ʵﻹмڴΪΪǺܼ򵥵飬ԷΪʲôȴ˵ôΪء
ǿҲڲԺ󣬰ѱӷŵһߣȻһ˵촦㱨һµĽչ˵ǽչҿе㺹ѽ
һæ˵֣̫ˣ֪ѶȲСӦʡУҪҸڴ룬ҲҪ̫ˣĻҾ͸ⲻȥˡ
һȻ˵ȴе㲻ΪȻṩĹ˵Ѿ㹻ϸˣͷб۾һвŸĴºšһһģǸĸֵĻӦú׾ҵˣôôأ˵ʵеǲǾǿµ˳ղĸֳ̬ȣƺе㲻⻹һеԺ
ǿȻ֪һ뷨صϸһһ㱨
꾰ǿĻԺһʶƾͷбҪȥˣǲܵġͷ˶ȥˣǸȦ棬˵бۣǿֻԼʱһָоڻعͷȥĻҲһƵǰƷ־ֵϵ˶ˣȻӲûдһºŽвŸļһⲻɵǲˣʱ龰˵ĿԲܳģôأ
ǿһڳ˼ǵһ֧̹ȥȻΪԷ˻һҪܾԷѾ쵽ǰˣʱӲǽƿĻƺҲе㲻òǱ̴˹ȥͬʱڶԷֱ£ʾл
֮ʣͻȻƵǿתͷȥ˵һҲ̧ͷѭȥ
ֻڵرƿˣӳľȻһŴĹͷ漴ǸߴԷȻͷһĿһ£һӦһװϣ˵ҲٽװôôŤһΪǴС⣬ŷֲǣ˵⣬һѹͲʺϴװϷ˵һۣҲ̫ӡ
һ˵ݲ˻ɣ˵ʵòϴ磬ôǾ죬мǵϻġ
ǿһۣһֱָߵĵɳ˵ɣ
˼״һЦŵ˵ͷȻСҲֻƨɣŲ˼ζûи㶨ɳϻ
ǿ΢΢һЦȻɫһ˵ˣôôɣֻҪ˾ˣģûô
˲˼ؿžǿһЦЦβɳŲŲ廹ֱֱǰͦš
һܾñŤǿŲûЦ
Ժ󣬾ǿһ˵촦ͷڰһƬ˵һӰģ֮ǰҾŴġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷǸʲôˣԼղŲ뵽Ĳ롣
ǿͷ˵ˣͷʲôģ촦쵼ܹŰɣ
ͷ⻰Ժ˳ȥվͳһСֽƬץţߵһǰ˵촦ҵƬԺա˵꣬ǸСֽƬص˹ȥ
һȻԸЩйĽӣǾǿйģΪ˲ԻǽƬƳһƬϵͷΣȻЦ˵ǲ˼⹤ոյûüӡƬҵϵʽ
һô˵ѾܸԷˣȻ˽˶ԷݣϾǾǿæģӻҪġͷҲûָǰλ촦ƬģѾˣ˵ģֻպٵȴˡЩģҲྶͥˣ˭ûµʱøƬӺɱģڶҡһ䣬˾³ˡ
ͷǮүǮǶȳǰ˶÷̺ˣȻ֪촦ǻĶģǾֳмѣȻǵˡ
ǿղһ绰ͷйĿģһһ֤ȷʵԷ飻ڶһ׿ͷһ˵òӦøڴסһ
̸˺þãŻ㶨һܰ˵ϸͷҲ÷ǳ棬ʱʱĻһ⡣̸Ժͷüͷһء


پʮ ݻᾰǿģ
ǿ״ʵôǲ㵽вѽҪǲеĻȥұˣţǵϢͦͨġ촦ɵŻػأţ´ζ˼ټˡ
ͷ⻰еסˣæ͵֣𼱣ղ촦˵ˣҿԿ϶ԲӦġߣţǱߣ£ûˣҿԱ֤׼ӦϽڵļתתղ촦Ѿ˵ˣ˵ǱؿҾͲ˻˼˲ɡ
ǿ⻰ﰵһ֣ҪľЧһԼͷĺʤ֮ģӶΪľȥ飻һ棬ҲһµѰ̶ȣԷҲͲ˼ٴˡ
һдͷĻԺеˣˣһȻӦģһĻҪǣȷʵеѶȡӦأƲȥе̸ҲأôĵطҪҵòˣѶȿ֪
뵽ԺЦŶԾǿ˵֣˵ʲôǰҰ£ҸмأĶʲô뷨ˣ͵һ飬ǵһ˵ţȥǲŸ磬ҲȷϡӦƽֵòô׼ʱҲеţڻе㲻ǲŸ磬ǲ硣
ĻԺ󣬾ǿʹͷһۣҲˡͷ֪¾߲̫棬Ϊʵûзʲô£ҵǣأҲûй涨ϴѽҪ£µЩ˿ȥԺһЩǶ˼֪¡椡Ҫǰ¸㶨ˣԼλҲǴϻˣԺԷܲչһ㡣
뵽Ժֿ˾ǿһۣȻһ˵촦ˣǲŸ绹ǲ磬Ҷʱ뾰ֳ绰ϵͷǱʶһֱΪһǸ˵ʱ֮䣬˵ǹмӡ
һæ˵Ǿ鷳ˣʲôҪĻֱӸҴ绰ھͰѺֻȥ
һ˵ͳֻͶԷղŸƬֱӸԷ˹ȥҲʶҪ˰ɣǿߵȻǲģдͷıǻģǴӷ㡣
ͷ˵Է绰ˣĲѣæֻͳץϣһСģͻˤڵƵġֻԺһ˵绰ͷæǹĴԴһش˵绰
ǿ״Դͷ˵ˣһϢĻʹ绰һ촦ȥæɣ
ͷ뻹λԸģǿôһ˵Ȼⷽˣվһк׼˳ȥˡ
һ룬վͶԷ֣ϾǼ黹ָæʵػǱҪġЩһȻȥύҲУֻҪ֮ûʲô̫Ľʶһ£ʵҲûʲô
ǿһһᣬʱˣ¥ζ¥ȥһҪƴǣ뵽ղžǿͺǼֳ˵ˣʱԼҪǲȥĻеԷ˼Ǻ;ǿ˵Цǰš
˶¥ʱǾĸֳڶ˵ǲڶʵֻҪϲ̬֪ˣǵкһˣҪȻҲ˼
ǰһĻеһһ벻ǿڰƷ־Ȼôţ棬ҲһЩҪȻôڶ̶̵ļµʱڣЩһʰ÷ء
ٷһСʱ⵱ȻԺȾΪ˼ҶǰԼµģһҲͷſ˺ˡľţģ˫ȭܹǵв֣ջǱŵˡмζ¥ǰƷ־ֵĶƵ꣬ԺȶԺҲ޷ֱȥˡ
һһʱѾˣæһ绰֪˾ǿһȻ㿪ϳȥ֣ˡ
˵̨ſڣŷеˣû°ʱءƺȶˣ˵˯һˣԾͷģþһҲ׼ٵˣֱóֻŴһ绰
֣˵ϹѾſˣҲʱ䲻ʱˣֱӿˡѾķ˼ˣҲںһʱʱˡ׼ͣнְʲôģϾ˵ǻеĻϢʱδҲ̫һ㣬Ժ˻еĻҪҲ׷Ч£ǾͲðˡ
˭֪ķ˽Ժֱ˵쿪ʼͲҪϰģ˵ľͽ죬ʲôʱҪˣ֮ǰ绰Ҿˡ
֮ǰǸ飬ķʼվǰڰúܲƯ׼Ҹֲһأ˭֪ôˣȻҪúñһ
֣Ȼеⲻȥ˼Ѿô˵ˣܲھܾɣ˵̨֪ǻŲٳԿõأЩ˱ıѾǺܲˡ
ϳԺ֣ŵ˳ǵľζһһֻ˵ǺͰƷ־ֵľֳһĺȵľƣû˵顣֣Ҳû֪Ʒ־ֵ¾ֳоǸֳˣһʶҲǺ˵ԸȸʲôģǸǼҳ㷹ˡ
һѳʻ복Ժ֣ȥķٵɷһЦЦҲû˵ʲôһӦö֮С
֣ɷһۣ˵һ쵤ˣ
⻰һǾе⣬æʵʲôʲô°ɣҪĵĻҡ
֣ЦŴϹĻЦ˵´ˣ֪ٵϢ˵ᶢţһʲô紵ݶἰʱϵġ


پʮ ĸӦ
һ⻰ԺЦҡҡͷϴȷʵѾǸŮʰʵˣԺʲô۶ˡ
ٵҵʱ֣ͻȻ˵ϹȥǰС㶫˵أ
Ŷ绰ˣһʱߴ׼ͣ
֣Ц˵ѽʱģʱӦöڼӵĵ绰˵׼ȥʳҲܿģҲⲻ̫㣬Խ׼һ¡
һһһǰǸĳȥ
궫ԺһĳԷ⣬ǵ˼ǵСǰǼҷԣһ˵Ƶʱ費ͬ⡣ʵڲеĻȥ˻
ڶһ˴Ѽʰһ£ʱˣȥվͺˡһʹһ绰Сã˵糿Ͳˣǵʱֱȥվ
վȺáлԣϣȻڽվȴĸһлԣԵеţǰļ䡣ЩʱԺﲻɵһӦĸ龰ʱҲǽŵòУɱлԣҶˣû˹һϵġᵶᰮ΢أ
ʮʱͺڳ˶Ůǰ֣æСӭȥ״æǰ֣˵ѽôأѽ
֣ĸĻæͣ˽ŲͬʱʶСͷ˵ʵ治ûʲô˵ģǰʱ仹еŻĸµĸоԴȷϻԺָо֮ʧˡû֮ǰûʲôҪҽϣ滳ǲԼˡ
˵ԺһлԣǰĸһܡͺʵעлԣˣСŮѣȻҲġΣǻǺģͶСվһ𣬵еֵرߺһ顣
лԣǰؽһ塢̣ЦǺǵشӦһ
һ˿ĵȥϷһĳһųŸĸǵ¼ʻȥлԣһݴں档۾ķӽԺ֣װޣȻ˾æŽˣΪֹͺ㻹ûȥϹأҲһһѸĸӹһһҪԭ
һ·ϣ֣ŽŹ·ߵĽϷеĿϾ֮СһӦ죬һϴһʱ򣬷˰͹ģһκöȥˣں֮ǰǻ治ͬնˡ
ȵ˽۾Сʱе㱻סˣСŮ˵֪СӦļǲеʱǻе㲻֮СĶס˵ģֱͬ˼ɾһѽ
ϵݵʱ֣ס˺㣬æչ˵ʵϷеѽ԰ĸоݣ̳ҲУ˭ؼһҪݵģǾú⡣
ڼһԺһż¥ԷȥˡʱúлԣȥϿˣһ׼Ÿĸȥתת˭֪˵ʲôҲԸ⣬˵ʹͦáϱںͣӰǵӣĻⱲӹƶѰġ
һ׸ĸ⣬Ҳûǿ׼һʱ绰лԣղŶԷ˵šȻһѧϵͥһҲͬˡ׼öԷڿλӱߵķ꣬һ˳극ԺҲԹһ䡣
ʱһŸĸڸ˹䣬¿İ̳棬Ϊͺ·ϷʼҪסӺϱȰ˵ǵͷͬˡ
ͺǵʱߵģϣһλӱ߹˹䣬ڶúлԣһ٣һȥ˷פº÷ɽʡǴ󲿷ƽԭӦݡö̩⼸еϽ˵һƽ÷ɽ˵ɽʵҲһӦûɽҲԻɽˡ
ߵʱ򣬺ʱһҲ;ֻСģ˺ܶණһлԣ׼ǵĻȥģ˵ʲôҲãҲͲ֮ˡ
˸ĸԺ󣬵ڶ緹ԺСһᣬСʳǳˡֻһһ˿ˣԻ·ϵʱһ㣬ʳǵʱѾĵˡ
֣ͺ÷ŮŮԺǳģ֣Ƶ˺üӦ꣬⣬ĶҲȥˣڼúһСڡ
Ժһͺ֣鷿˺ܳʱ䣬Ҫһ˵ѵǰʡί֯ԼڸһЩг̨飬һһ˻㱨
֣󣬲ûж˵ʲôֻǶŮ֯ԺһҪСǶǲԻ֮أȥǶҪĿǰģй޹СԺٵطȥչȭš
һص˵ͷʾ֪ˡһԺ󣬰׸˵˳Ȼˣ
֣˼Ժ˵ȥǲ£Ҳþ£ôô죬ʵ׼ˣ¬㵱ֶҪ˵ʲôģСӿɱҷѽҵһĲ㡣
һæ˵֣˵ĶȥˣĶѽҾ͵ˣ᲻¬鷳
Ǻǣģ¬С¶㲻Ļүôܰһ˷ŵʡȥأ֣Ц˵˵⻰ԺʲôƵģɫ͵سص˵ʱ䣬¬ҿܶеæྩǱүӵ岻̫ãҾ׼ȥһ¡ԼһҪ೤ۣмǣЩǣһȫѽ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣ү˵ñȽϺҲûʡ˵ģүһ˵ģȻв˵ĵǾ͵ÿԼȥˡ


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˯ʱһĥүһϯĺ壬յЧ˺þãҲûȻ
ڼֱһʱ䣬̫ߣ֣СèһһĻһеʱһߣӵȻСذοҪˣ͸Ҵ绰ҪʱĻҲġ֯ȵطϣӦԶԣǱȽɵģӦ쵽Ҳ·̣ҪĻǺܷġ
֣û˵ֻһϹĻꡣ֮ǰ˵ʳǵʱûʲôڹ˽ҪֱˣĺܲᣬҲ֪ûа취İ취ǿûᡭ
ڶ緹һӷʳǳˣ֣Ȼǲᣬǿסˮɷ˳һҲܲþϳԺ󣬺ӡټԺ󣬾͵һţɣ͵һӴ˳ȥ
˷ʳУ˸ԺһŻʵҲûʲô˵ġڽǰǿһֱط־ӣ˵ĸԷģһԲʲôġ
Ժһȫעؼڸ棬ҪǳʲôµĻǿɲġ
һӦԺ󣬴˸绰ӱһƽȻ׼úϢһ¡ʱ򣬵Сſڳ˵㶫ȻؼԺ󣬾Ҳûгȥſټ֪Ҫŷֿһʱ䣬ﲻ̫ܵģԵûʲôҪȥ֯ϰˣµĸλµĿʼôҲ޾ɵģʲôء
ڶһ磬һ𴲣ߵһңѾ緹׼ˡʡίʡӦ·ϣҲӦ·֮һһϰ࣬Ϊ·϶³ģһ
ĳͣʡίԺſڵʱи˹һݹ֪ͨóʾ֤һౣԺ󣬵ûκβˬȷʵǻʡصأԽСһ㣬ȷʵûԺ󣬱˻֣һȥ
֯ʡίԺ¥һ֮ǰѾ̽ˣֱӰѳ¥ʻȥͣóԺֱ¥һչһȥɲ֮ǰͨƿҲ˽ˣɲǹ޹ֹܵģֱ˶Էİ칫ſڵȺ
˽ʮңһ۾˹һǰкԷѾǰ߹ȥˣæ۾ⶼûɨһ¡һǲˬĻӦ޹飬ֺǿ޹˵ĻҲӦôףοֻһ顣
һˣȻ޹ֹܸɲԺһ򽻵ĻءսƣҪһζӣԺ󲻶۾Ķȥءʱһв֪׸޹ˣȥ޸һɽ˲ŴλáҪ֪ĻңȷΪѾȥˣص֣̬װӣѾˡ
Ժһֱ߽ǿİ칫ңȻһƨ칫ɳϡ
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ǿڰԵ֮ʣͻȻվſڵǼһȻֱӽˣҡڵɳŭ˼㣬룬Ϊ˭ѽʡί֯ΪССĺس
޹ֹһᵽһǿһ˽һһϰʲôʱһ֪ǿɾͱˡΪһ˵Ӧ˵ǿǺְܾģ飬ǲȶһˣȻ˵ĻͲ˵ı֡
һɣ˭ģǿ˵ţҪΪҲ֪˭ֱӰֵô˵
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ֳЦ˵ǰɣȻ֪˭ղװʶʲô˼ѵƽʱ޲һᣬҵҪһ޲
һ⻰Ҳ˵˵Ȼȥ޹ǲǴ׻˵򹷻ÿˡ
⻰ͣǿĶɾͲô£ԼϰƢˡԼȻΪ²զģֵµҪȴرϸĻ˵һһжǴңһҪء
ҪһϰǰѸղŵһ˵ɹһġ˵ôһϰĻģ֪£ŵ˵ǵ͵ز쵼ô˵һεĸɲĴǿʵʵڵ쵼ֱǰʱŸ˸ƼһССƣ쵼ⲻкֱӵˣⲻĿ쵼ʲôأ
ܲǿҲ䣬ǿиɵ˵ϰĻЦǺǣ
һ˵Ҳֻ̽һ¶Էڴ沿飬Լ֮䣬Ѿ֪˴𰸡˶ԷȱŵĻ֮һ˵ڻ޲жУһԺҾȥһԣҪĻǿɶģʱɲҪˣ


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ҡʲôʱ򻳡ϰжˣǿͰ͵˵е㼱ˣԷ⻰Խ˵ԽˣҪǲˣһϰĶ棬Լɾˡ
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һ˵߱ӵؿǿһۣ룬ַӳҶҪΪԺĹɨǿϰú˷ѿˮһɴ뵽޹ڵУѵҵʽϵı֣Ǻıеһƴ
ǿ˿еסˣòԼղŵĻûжԷ˵˼ڻعͷ룬ȷʵô£еԲõĸоڱǰװƣԼϰǸʲôˣǱ˭ҪǶԷĵ˵ĻֱӰԼ˶ûпܡ
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һԷݹҲ˳ֽˣΪӦʵˣ벻ﵱоȻҼˣʱ˵飬˵ʲôôǽϾϾأղŵĻӰ쵼ΪĹԱκά쵼˵Сʲôģ㻹ɣǶǹҹÿȨͬȵģ˵Щ
ǿ˶ԷĻԺԼµĳ嶯ͷ˵˻еѽʱ򣬾ȻװƣǻˡʶԺæӣͷ˵촦ҴˣĴˣһᣬԺԲôſڿӵغһҡ
һ˶ԷĻԺ֪ˣˣ㲻ҪָһξͰʰˣҪϵô򡣾̽޹Ѿ˽͸ˣԺֻҪעһ㣬Ҳʲô޹쵼ټڵУһùسô˵ԼͷԶһԷӦ޺˵֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣһ֯ԴΪȻ
ǿĻԺһ΢΢һЦȻ˵飬⻰ɾˣǶΪ쵼ģԺһ㣬ôĻ⡣
ǿ⻰Ժһɣ漴Ц˵ǵģǵģ촦˵öԣ͸ݲȥ㿴ˣ죬һ綼ˣɱѽ
һ룬ĶˣҪסĻ˵Ȳ衢ˣµڻڴվأ
ӹǿݺõĲ裬һƿǣ˿ĲҶƷ໹ǲģղŵôеãںȲ棬ԷûٺŪԼᴵ¸ĲҶȻǿ˵飬費ѽ
촦ѽǽ²裬һ¬²ǹҲǺȵǿһ˵εаһļθˣڲһƨ
һȻϸϺͶԷƽϣ豭ģغ˿̣ΨһǺȲ裬ղǿݹȻץϣ̾ԲܵΪϰʱˣҪһ޹Ҫˡһ쵼ûʹģسҪǴȥĻĿ쵼ˡ
ǿһʼûе̵˼ﲻ΢΢Щʧ֮⣬ղŵ̹ȥʱ򣬺γҲиԷһµ˼ڼ䲢ϵʧȻ⣬Խһת׼ŬһѣԷڸӣȥʱ˵ʲôϰҲˡ
ǿ˿ֱҪϰʱˣϰϰߣһ㵽Ժ󣬹ӲŻ칫ңڻʡԺͳһָϵ̣һ˵촦֧̣ϰһһŹأ
һû糿̵ϰߣټϽ⣬Ȼȥ̵֧ģԷ飬е㲻˼ܾԽһתԶԷ˵ллʢˣҽɤе㡭
˵ʱͻȻһӰſվסˣæתͷһֻ˾Ȼ޹һæվ˵޲ã
ʱǿɵˣѴԶ׼һ޹ֵñȽͻȻջض˵ڿӸһ벻ԼһŲ˽ȥ޹ϣ֪ˡϰ岻ƽʱҪٵһŻôôأ⻰ֻĬʣǾûе˵ڵġ
޹߽ſڵʱ򣬾ǿİ칫˵е֣˵ôӦò˹ѽ
һϰԺİСʱ֮ڣûʲô˹㱨ʲôģϾ쵼ϰ࣬ҪȿڲӦһ£Ȼܽ빤״̬ô˴ֲȻûĹ涨ǴҶԼ׳ɵѭءżһسƵģ޹ܸȤ׼һ˭ô硣
վסԺӳľ鱰ϥģٿһλȻǸڵУһһʱĺ֪ôҲ벻ףԷʲôħ¬ͦУسΪͷԼ鶼мѣǼ˹ˡ޹һʺԺ󣬴ӱغһȻ˦־ߣǰߴȵǿҹ


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޹˰칫ſڣͷһȻûпӰǴŭǿأ̵ģ
ǿһæϰ壬ˣˣ
һһĻǿסЦ칫ҵſȥ޹һӦýǿкˡô˵Լһ֮޹ôˬҲŵģҪȻҲ첻ʡί֯λá
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ǿһ㶣漴׹ˣϰ˵Էġæ˵ǣǣϰ壬ȥ촦
һȻ˵ĶԻֻЦЦ˭֪˭Ǻαأﰵ
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޹ǿСӣͲһѾ⣬һһҪúһСӾô¡òƶԼͦĵģаˣĪ
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һ˶ԷʵǵĽ͵˵ͷû˵һʱһÿλ쵼Ҫͷᣬʡί֯ȻҲ⣬ֻһֲñܵĹҪ㱨ġȻ¶ûоԣһҲûȥ
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һ̧ͷǰȥֻһʶǰæٵ˼ûȻѾǿˣֻ쳣ؽһã


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׹Ժһæվֱӣ˵ãɲ±һ
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޿⻰˵ͷⲢһ֪˵ˣ쵼ųʱ赭д˵䡣仰ƺܼ򵥣ʵеٻ˼쵼ȷԼĵλȻҲûʲôĲԣܹ쵼ǹʹĸо˭Ҳϲãο쵼أ
޿Ŀˣ׼뿪ˣֻҪһվʲôҪ˵ĿľѾﵽˣοڶҲ˵䡣վסӣЦ˵һѽҿɾͽˣҪʲôĻҿΨѽ
һæ˵벿ģȻǸˣô˵֧֣һϲ˵ģ˵˵ɣ
һĻæصͷﰵĴǲģŴ쵼棬ЩСϺ˵ĻᣬòƲĳ˵ô
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ϰĶԺǿæ˵ϰ壬ǵˣǡ
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ǿĻԺ޹׹ˣ޿һȥˡʶԺĸоúðڶԷһ벻վĻԼ
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ص칫Ժ޹æȲذѽϵЬֻ״Ѿϸˡ
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ڳ˿ɶɵӣȻóδеԹﰵ룬϶ʲôԹҪĻһԵȥڿɱҲӴˡ˭ǶûаëǮĹϵֻԼıְˡ뵽Ժ߸֣һա


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ԺһǸϼһһۣ˵ղŲӦýܹҵˣûעѽˣλôƺ
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ҵĻԺһЦݣ˵УллˣǸղŵǾ仰ҳէ֯Ǹ⺺ԺĹлҶһ˲˵һͣǰʦ磬һҪӡ
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÷Ȼ쵼ǱʾͿ͵˼æתȥＫطĵıѾܲˣշʹˣ´ԺһҪԷĲ׸ôСЬ
һ˿̺ͺ÷ͬ˼쵼ʿɶֹˣ̫ˣʶ̧ٵģпβ;ͻˡǰк÷ŮˣӦͦµ֣˿ãԲãΪ˶һͬص㣬ǾûʲôǸǡǡǹٳϵĴɡ
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Ůõ˿϶ĴԺ󣬱ŵİͳһŷݸһȻһ˵촦ϰת㣬Ѿˣŷ棬ҲѾѹ˾עˣʱ֮Ҳٻػʡˣһġ
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Ů˵Ժ󣬿һһľ̬ǺһЦӰͳƬгһŷɫƬǰ˹ȥЦ˵ͷʲôûˣĵ绰һͨеɻ任ˡ
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ص칫ԺһţȻûйֻˡĹԱҪŵĻֻԲܹˡ
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ЩԺһղŵ˼·˼ȥ˭˽أһǳҪ⡣ΪвĻǾͼпܰϢй¶ȥĻ𲻵ⶫˡ
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һڰԴ֮ʣͻȻע⵽ղŵţỹûд򿪣æ˵
˵⻰ԺŻرƿˣһʮСӣһʶĹԱղŽܵʱҲڵģʲôģ֣һ벻
˽Ժһ£Ÿղŵģе㲻֪ôźãǼϣֱӿšԥ֮ʱһ˵ͿŰɣղһ磬Ҳû˵ȥ
⻰ԺظĸоƵǽߣવһȷѾסˣżǰߡ
һϸĵĶﰵһ˿ͣվҪ뿪λȥӭӶԷ˼״æ߼е˵
һѵǰˣ˳ס˽ţŶԷ֡˼״æסһ֣Ͼмּ֮顣
һ״Ц˵Сǰɣһ㣬Ҳ˼꣬ûҪô
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÷״תͷԺ˵ʰôѽѽѵѽ
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һ״Ц˵Ҳ𼱣ʮأٵǱȥһһȥ˵⻰Ժֱתһҵţ鶼û˿Դľļͺ


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˸Ժ󣬼ĸѾװˣҲûٶ˵ʲôجfĹͦģԺԶ
һԺȥ¥գֻ¼ͺԹ԰̱棬е㲻ʹˣղֻجfһȥԷ龰벻ھ¼ҹˡ
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Ժ󣬴Ȼ֪ôˣ˶ڹٳϻôˣʲôʱ˵ʲôȻ֪ڿòҲĴˣ쵼໥ͨ
׸ڸմǶʱ䣬ʹҵĹϵǢͽ˱仯ʱ򣬸һĿ˵ɡͨͺ󲻶ϵôǵģ˵ĸоҪֱҪˡͻ䣬ĴˣֻοԵظһһﲻƽˣڴ￴˭þ˵ǸģôԹصġ
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绰ͨԺ󣬹ȻϣФһĹ֪ѾȥϰˣæʾףأǴί绰ģܶ˶עȥ
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ⷽȷʵˣ֮ǰĳǼȻ뿪ˣͲҪˣڿ뷨治һԡкʵĻĻҪȥġ


һʮ Ӧ֮
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Ф˵ʱǷ뵽ӦһˣΪ˵Ķ绮šһæʲôʱ׼ǰ绰ˣһš
Ф󣬵ûƴǣ˵Ľأ̫ĻԵˡ˵ĩֵֵ࣬ˣĻ¸ĩʱǷ׼ȥ
һˬشӦˣѶԷʱһҪϵ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ˼±ϣФһ·ΪεѣԵʱ򲻹ʲô飬һҪʱһǷ޶ˡ
Фµ绰Ժ󣬿һۣФƷɣȻѸղ̸Էһת
ФƷ󣬵˵ͷ˵ѽԺԼҪŬˣҺ˾䶼ˣҲܰʲôˡںһĶֵϣ˵ܵã뿪Ļ
˵⣬ͣ˻ͷФ˼ͣƬԺФƷɼ˵һʱʱҾ˵һһΪģھѾˡǺѣһҪúάϵ꣬İܲһĴѽ
Фص˵ͷ֮ǰһ˵пȥʡί֯ʱͳһԷӵУѧϰԺһļȥʡί֯ĻѶȿ֪һǰ쵽ˡФһᶨ˸ڶԷȥľġ
ФƷɿ˶һۣ̾ѽְһߵñԶһֵѽһҪεذסѽ
Ф˸׵ĻԺص˵ͷ

ʱ䣬һǳæµ˴ϡ֯û漰ڴڶ񲹽׶Σʡί֯ΪӵһţΪֱӺش򽻵ģһֵϣֱӻ㼯
һеͷ۵ĸоȻͷɽʱҲûעΧĶݺݵشԺ󣬼ͺʵ࣬ȻڻӣҲצˡһķˣֻȴᣬȻŻ
ʱֱӰͷתһ߲ǣһȻСӵɺǲܣҲûǰк㶼ңȥ㣬ǲİմΡ
˼ͺ⣬һһΪص飬Ǿ׸ûйϰࡣʼʱû⣬ԽòԾˣпǳĵģеͲͨ
ͨһ֪ˣ֮ǰ׸һֱûʲô⣬ʱǴ˼ƹô˵ܣ͵ؾͲˣһè塣ϰҲͰˣһЩļʲôģɶİ칫أ˲ڣȻȥȡȥɲУһҪǲʲôȽϼ飬֪ͨǡǡѹʱҪµġһҪȡԲˣ֮֮ˡ
һ˷ڲ輸ϣȻһƨɳϣһ֧̣һ˼ԷôĿȻ뿴϶öԷıóѡֻ취һϼ쵼㱨ͷڶ취׸Լϰࡣ
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һɳ绰ͺ˹ȥ
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绰ͨԺһֱ˵͸糿ϰԺ㵽ҵİ칫Ȼһȥ顣
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һ˵Ժ󣬲ȶԷشֱ˵绰


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ͺ󵱼˵֪Է⳪һ˼ұϾǴȥҲûޣܲڰŶԷ죬˵ɣ˵ͨ绰Ҳǲѽ
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踱ͺէһƺе㲻ϰߣһ˵޿ɺǡƺ׸ĻȻԼӸֻ֡ݵһ漴ǣǣʶסƽС303ҡ
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һʮ 踱
һƽСеӡǫ̀ԶҲüͺָ·ֱӼݳǰʻȥͺΪԷҪ·ģڿԷӦ컹ǺϤġе㲻⣬òȥУѧϰ֮ǰݵĺеģӦôϤأ
⿴ȥ޹ؽҪ飬ϸĥһµĻҲܴзһЩʲôԷǲӦʲôϵ֮ǰǲЩɢҵϢۺĻпܿ·
ͺһֱ׸һûʲôֻ̬ȣһ£ûʲôĻôʡί֯ɲְءƾ񸱲¬ȥμӿʽһ۾Ϳ˶ԷĶ̸ѽһһ˵׸һ˵ͺҲûа취ҲûطȥȥֻܶһڻһõϢ
һ°Ժ󣬼ͺһһĳӣԷžƵʱͷֹѵǼٳƣòƿԲĻ˵Էоıʶʱе㲻ˡ
ƯˮϵĸƼʽˣҪȻҲʮŻһԱһзǳǿıͲٸ׸ˡȻԷˣҲ̵ִ´ŸɣһʧܵĻе㲻롣ҲȻһǺüԣȴûʲôһԭ
ƽСԺһ˼ͺһǲ¥õ϶ĴԺֱӰѳ˽ȥ
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³Ժ󣬼ͺһǰһЦ˵㿴ǲȸ踱绰ҪǲڼҵĻ˿ˡ
һȻ֪Էʲô⣬װܳԾ˵͸˼˵踱ĲأסԺȥˣ
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ŶǾͺãҾе㲻ģԲҹһװǹĵ˵ˣպͼ͸ͨ绰üûϰˣĶѽ
һ˺ܾãѹû뵽һ׸ȻҲû뵽ʲô⡣ӶԷȻʣͺе㲻֪ôνؼһԷ׸ʱҪ˵ˣǿɾͲˡ
˿̶ԷѾʳˣҪǲشĻҲ˵ȥͺһһۣӲͷƤ˵踱еСðɣⲻǻشһʻǷʡ
һ״ȻŹᣬɨ˼ͺһۣȻ˵ô㲻̫
ͺ⻰ԺƲѣҲö˵ʲôֻüҪ踱һЩ˽⣬Բûرʼ㣬ȷʵˡ
һ⻰ԺȻҲٶ˵ʲôˣϼȷʵǸϼ޻ļһղŻ֪ת֮䣬ͰѸԲˡԺȷʵöۣһ׸ĻԼ뱻һ
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⻰Ժһͼͺתȥ׸ȫɵˣûмһˣƬֹһˣԶԷһת˳ԼɵˣѴҪأǱ׼嶯͵ġ
ʶԺһ˵ȻеԣǴĹǲܵġ˵䣬װŷһӣżͺʵϼͣλǣ
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ͺʻԺᣬæ˵͸ǴոεĴһͬ־˵㲡ˣ㡣
׸⻰Ժ󣬺ǲˬ˵ϼͣԽѽǰҵģ㲻Ǹ͵ȥ浵
ͺ⻰ԺʶղŻǸƺ˶Էʵ˶ʱֱӳƶԷģ벻챻һȥˡȻҲ˵ղŴôƺģĻǵ͵쵼֮Ĺϵˡ
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һһֱڹע׸ı֣֪ԷļѾˣղ֮˵ѼͺҲ˵˳ˣȻ̽һ¶ԷķӦԷķӦܼңˣԺҪֱϵల¶ˣһĻҲûбҪٸԷˡ
ԺһЦ˵踱˵㲡ˣ죬ü͸һղŻ˵ðˣҲǲ˽ðͿԿѽ


һʮ һģ
һ룬㲻УҾͳְ񡪡踱û˰ɣҿ㻹Ҳ硣˵⻰ʱ˳ҲѸðͿԵĻ˵˳˼ԺԺҪʲôʱٵͨϵĬһ㡣
׸ղ˼ͺĻȷʵڼһǰҵһصĸо벻һֱһ䡰踱ǲˬԲųԾ
ô˵һĿľһȻǴڼƽģΪѹһͷ˶Է⻰е㲻֪֮У踱Ҳӣ踱ɾ޿κˣΪƺûа⡣
׸һ˵ĿģҲ̫Էˣ뵽Ժ˵лˣҲżз纮еðԣͲˡ˵⻰Ժ׼¥ȥûһͼͺȥ˼
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ǡǰɣͺſڽģ֪𡣴˿׸һ˶ټϽϵ˶ЬⲻȥȥأȻһԸҲ۾˵Ϲѽͺ˷ӦһΪҪԭ򣬾ǸղŶԷǾ䡰ϼ͡ǵúһһֱƺΪ͸͵ػɡϼ͡ˣ֪Ǻ⡣
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˵Ժ󣬲һͼͺκηӦ;ֱ¥ݿȥͺ״żˣк衭账⡭ⶫǸġ
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ͺ˵ͷһĺλȥ
ϳԺ󣬼ͺǲˬΪֹûзӦһʲôģеǺģ׸е㲻ðòҲֲöԷΪôһһģʱһҪҸȥһ£ĻԷҪˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ͺǺ׸Ϊ˵ģ۱˶١ȻԷ⣬ǲѽϾһ绰ʱ׸ߡԷֻҪԶӾͿóֻǸһһȶѡ
һڿʱʱʱͨڵĺӾںϵļͺ󣬶Էı֣ȫǾִٲı棬ȫԿղŵ¶һӰġȻѾҪֻ׸ͼͺһӽͿʼʵʩˡȻûһξȡóɹֻҪһлᣬͻ룬֮ɳӣʱ䳤Ժ󣬻һǿɾ˵ˡ
˻صԺ˹ĵض࿴ۣϾȥܲԸˣղſһȥģ֪ڸʲôҼһ洺磬ͺȴͷɥǾò⣬˭ҲûɵǰѯʵĵزǲǳԱ˳ŵ
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ص칫ԺһͰѺ÷˹ĿǰΪֹһӡǲģûкͶԷȦӣֱӿʵ㣬ʱ䴦ûбȽϴ֧
÷Ȼ⻰ʵеסˣʶΪԷѾ֪ˣŸô˵Ǳ֧ǾԲϹ淶ģȻõСǮҲģɲĸ˵ġ
һ˶Էı֪һ⣬Էı֣üͷһ壬˵ôʲô𣿡
÷⻰Ժ͵һ㶣룬Ƿɵˣʲôģôô˵ɣ˵ºͱûаëǮĹϵɶõĵġ뵽Ժ󣬺÷˵֮ǰ账֧˰Ǯ˵д͹칫Ʒ⣬ûʲôʵˡ
Ŷһ󲻶ɫʵôһ֧û˵ǩ֣˵֤ɶѽһҪ뱸ʱ䳤Ժ󣬴Ҷǲˣʱ׳ѽ
÷⻰Ժ󣬵ûж룬˼ұؽһ֣ϣ֮ǰ˽ᣬҲ޿ɺǣ¡÷е㲻֪ſˣһ£Ǿʵʵ˵
÷һһۣȻ˵账ûзƱʱֻǴһ˵ȶʱٸҷƱ
Ŷһ󣬹ⰺͷб˶Էһۣе˼Զ׼÷Ҳ֪첢Ϲأǵʱ׸һ֣ˣѵ˵ֳ
⡭ʱҲǡûû취÷˰żôһ仰
һһԺı΢һԺ÷˵֮ǰ飬ðĲðģѾˣǾˣԺĻҲٿƵ顣
ǣǣ봦ģԺһעġ÷æ˵⼸´һֱǺɫ͵һеˣԺΪ÷
Уȥɡһϵı»ָƽ֮ǰһĻδһ㣬÷ȴô롣


һʮ к
÷վ˵һټ׼ȥ͵´˵㣬ӡһݣȻڸӡǩֺͽڣһ۾һ͵
÷⻰Ժĸ˵ֻ֣õͷӦ
һ˵㣬¾ͲҪɢˣҸΪСǳʲô㶮ҵ˼ɣ
һҲ˼۾ġ÷˵
һ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô
÷߱룬´ȷʵֹ׸ʲô뷨ⶣǲҪȥ˵ҪǸӡҲǳұҪ±ϾǲϹ淶ģڿĻѾ֮ˣʵǺбҪġ
÷ͬʱԼԺһҪעˣҪûдǮĻֻܶԲסˣ˼ǴкˣҿɲΪµһ֣ҪǮĻУ֡
ԼСʱԺ󣬺÷ͺ۾һŸӡ˹к÷ǩ۾Ҳһ֤һ󣬺⡣
÷״æ˵۾˵Ȼ֪ˣҲǩ˸֣䵱һ֤˵á
УǾллˡһЦ˵
ϰˣһȻǳ˾ֻҪԼӰʾǾԻɵġȻҪﵽһǰסǣĻ붼롣
Ů˳ȥԺһó˿׸Ǵ󵨣ȻһŰ˰顣ٿʱ䣬һеˣڴʱ򣬿ǮǱȥˣյĽƺЧ̫á
һŸӡ۵ãȻСطŽ˰ŷƱʱɹ׸һˡͽ£ǽĻֻ˵׸˰Ǯʲô紵ݶĻ˰ǮϾˡ
׸µȴһζǮΪȥģ˵ˣֻһ˶ѡǮóȥˣȴûпΪ﾿ʲô£ǿ¾Ͳ˵ˣ㵽ʱǮҲ⡣
ʱ׸ûйϰ࣬һǲˬ˵ĸоһе㲻Ҫĸо糿ʱ˫Ѿ˵ˣȻֲˣеԶŵĸо
һ׼绰ͺȥô£˭֪ԷȴŽˡ˵ղ账绰ˣ˵е˽Ҫһ£ٹϰࡣȻԷѾ绰ˣһȻҲö˵ʲôֻõͷͬˡ
ע⵽ͺں˵⻰ʱٲȻһԵõı飬˼·˵Ѿ׸ǰˣѡ账ҧúأ˼ѶԷٷͬĴˡ
һ룬һɵƣҪٶԸĻôܻҪͬأɵҪΪ˵̶һ
żͺȥıӰһ룬УҿʲôٲҵͲˣûһǺܳģѾûκˣȻϰ࣬˵ǿģְĻΪ
磬һһ˺ü绰ӦصһִġǶͬ·һףϲԺ󣬱ҪԷһԸսĹȽæˡҲʲôϹŰ壬֪ЩҲûʲôȷĿģһԸʶһ£׻˵Ѷ·
һ෹ȫȥԣȴڣûվȽŸǧԱĻ͵òʧˡȹʱ䣬ȫȥμЩ룬öȥĿģһԼӴ棬һҲ˽һЩǵ뷨˵ڹǲõϡ
Ǵӵײģ֪ԱϵĺöëڼȻλˣǲǿ԰ⷽΪһͻƿڣɳóȻʡί֯Ҫǰģй޹ͳɣһüȻһ̨ʲôǲǸͷֻһģӡ󣬾ôд˼ϸҲüһʱ
صԺѩ׵ǽڣһеˡʱ򣬲ʲôõģһ˶صʱ򣬲ŷǶô
һ裬췢飬ͷ˹Ӧ˵ϻɹڴӱϿͦģֻ֪Ҫûüͺ׸׵ͷ¶ǹԲҪﵽЧգ
Ϊֹûи׸澿վ˭ԼоӦ޹Ͼûеõӡ֤Ҹʱ÷һ£Ů˿ȥȽӦûȣΪ飬ѾˣҲںٶʵĶ
˵ʵһԸĺ̨ϰ޹֯˴޿ĺ¬⣬ֱ޹֣Ԩ޹Ѿ̹ˣ˵ʵ֣ԨһûӴǿǼ˾һЦģһͲʡ͵ĵơȽ϶ԣ׸ĺ̨޹ĻӦø׶ԸӲҲӡ֤һ㣬޹֣Ԩĺء
˺һԺһֲˣȥĻҲЩǾվ鷿ȥ׼ĹսϷûüʼͻȻཱུһֻжŽˡֻһ̸꿵ĶţԺдڸأ
죬һһ绰Է˵֣ȥʳˣ̸꿲Żʱ򷢶Ź


һʮ ǰﱸ
һ󣬻һأ㷽
˲ӣ̸꿶ûٻضŹһ׼Ϸʱ򣬵ͻȻεεεQQһ̸Ѿˡ
һҲͷϷ뷨Ȼһֱʮһʱ򣬲ŸߡԼȥ㣬̸˵и㣬ȥǲ̤̤࣬һȻҲͬˡ
صQQԺһûסִһĹ˭֪һ̣Ҷǵһ˼ģƲѣ̣ҵӮĸоˡصϴ˯ʱѾʮˣæ۾
ڶһ磬ֻʱֽˣ׼һᡣ˭֪һɾˣ۾ʱѾߵˣشӴ򵥵ϴһ£˳Сſ˵ӣæλʻȥһ·ϣ̵Ƶʱһڰӽڽŵʱ򣬰ĸȫ㶨ˣֽ˲죬Ȼæ³¥ȥ
սһһڴ˵ǰԺˣѵ
˵˵˵Ϊ˭һиѵ
һеϤһ˵˭ѵˣһԿ϶˾ԲǼͺӦûô㡣һǰȥԺ˴˿ڴ׸ͬ־ϰ࣬˭һײǹˣһԷİ칫ȥ
Сеģһĸ쵼棬ôأΪһ֣ҪǲڴҲͰˣ⣬ҪǲʱĻǿе˵ȥ
һߵ칫ſڵʱ򣬿جfվİ칫ǰ׸ָƿڴһ״ֻ˶ſվſڵһæʺã׸Ȼ̫ԸǳϵãҲͷ˸к
һǰװӣ˵СѽôһҪ账㣬Ժ¶עһ㣬账ϸһ㡣
ȻóΪأæ׸˵账˼´ϵصʱһעһ㣬ԲٷĴģһᡣ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣룬ʲô߰ģϵܷʲôĪ
׸һһͰѣﱾͲˬСһȻϵģѵǲˡһ˵Ժµʱ򣬲ҪôëëŵģϵĨ鶼ãǻʲôѽ˲ʡġ
⻰Ժ󣬺ƣҪ䣬ɿһɫԺı⣬׸һ˵л账ѣԺһע⣬õΪ쵼񡣡
һ⻰е˼֪ԷָΪΣ׸ȴ֪ܲͷػ˻֣˵ˣȥɣ
⻰ԺϾ¶һ˿ײ΢ЦȻһ׸˵ټ踱ټ˵Ժ󣬻һ΢΢һȻתȥ
׸⻰Ժ󣬶Ӷˣ踱һոƺģ벻ٴˣе㻳ǲһ̸ġԷһı飬֪Լˡ
֮ǰͺ˵һĵһ죬Ȳȥһ̽һһģڿ̽ˣ֮ǰѾ̶һҪɣǼһ͸Լˡ
뵽Ժ׸һ˵㿴һǲǿͷᣬѴĹ˵һ˵ҵԭֱŹôĹˣǲ˼ѽ
һ⻰Ժ̧ͷ׸һۣ룬ʲô˼ʾҺԼĿɨȥԺ󣬶ԷĿ˱𴦣һ֪һ˼ͼ
ԺЦ˵У㸺֪ͨһ£ŵʱϼͺͺ÷һҵİ칫һһ¡
÷׸װʵ
ԣҲưɣҸյûʲô飬ҲˣһӦûʲôɣ账һЦʵ
׸󣬲֪𣬴ı˵Ȼǲú÷μͷᡣĻͼͺǶһһú÷һμӣ˵ѾԷ㶨ˣһĻɾͱɶȶˡ
˿̣˵ͬ⣬˵ˣһãϢú÷֪ĻҪԼԱ˵ĿԲں÷̬ȣȴòעСڶԷء
뵽Ժֻеͷʾͬ⣬ͬʱҲʶ뾡Һ÷ͨһ£ЩȻûʲô˵ģҲ˵
һ˵ĶѾ˵ˣȻҲûıҪˣ̧Լİ칫ȥ
׸״ҲԵ֮ǰž͸һ˲ǣ˵ʵû̫ϡŮ˼ĺСҼҲ࣬Ķʲôá
ͶԷһսԺеŵĻˣ˵ķӦȷʵ죬쵽Ͻĳ̶ȡıӦԲԣϺͶԷͺԼ粽ãԼģҲһ
һԺ׸ӣϵĲ豭ϸƷһڡԼеʧˣ֮ǰĶ죬ûаá뵽Ժе޹ˣԷϢһҪһŻڿͲô¡Ҳ֪ϢǴĶģǺ˲ǳ


һʮ ԭ
鵹ǿԳΪ̽Է̬ȵһնǱǮ鵹һ鷳£ϻؼԺô绰칫˾ˣӦƱôû͹дѵƱٽ㵽ˡЩ¿ûʱӣҵǵʱϷѾˡ
뵽Ժ׸ȷһţȴ绰ͺ󣬰ǰȰһ£һٳӡһԺ󣬵һ࣬ǧܵһˡ
׸æµʱһҲûţȻ֪׸ͻȻ鿪ͷк壬춼Ѿˣѵ˵ΪоĹǼƺ̫񣬿ҲӦ׼
Ѻ÷йԸģһ룬ĻڶԷƺ̫һˡϾú÷μͷģڿ֮ǰҶԷ̸Ļǿ˾֮·˽֪ˡ绰ȥĻƺֲ̫ñ㲻õĻŪɳ׾һС£ȴһסˡ
һһˣñ˰ŴֻҪ˵촦һȥμͷᣬһĻ÷Ȼе˼ˡ˵ѡȻĪˡ죬ıӦûͦģŰѰ칫ҴɨúܸɾһʲôͻἰʱϢһȻǺͬ׶ΣҲǲѶΪ֮ɡ
뵽ʱ͵زżǵãղ׸ŶԷģ֮ĶԻеĪóһʣô¡
鲻ĻһԷͷģ棬˭֪һˣԼΪϰ岻ͷԺ˭Ըأ
Ժһ绰󲦴˹ȥ
˿ڰ칫Ʋѣ뵽˵һίеò⡣ղſǿǼһ̬ȿɺأ˼ֵĹϵôΪԼСȥԷء뵽ʱйˣֻԼİ칫ǰԽԽñԽԽ޷
糿һһɨ칫ҡȲӣϰϵءһĻϾͲ½ӡȥҲǳɾࡣ
ϵرˣۿҪϺˣҲмС⣬ϵرߺС衣һϣ͵һ󲽣ֻ۵һʵʵײһϣֻӴһһײˣһڶȽϴӦײòᡣ
ʶԺæתȥﻹһ˵˼˼ǶԲסҸղֻϵˣûע
վŵ˺Ȼ׸ʱе㽩סˣײһԸײһԴӽ׸һֱǺ۵ģòôߵļơҲ˼ԼʲôطˣȥҲͷһģҺޱôܵﵱʱһأǲǳԱ˳ŵġ
ʱһγԷ÷˵һ䣬ðݵɽͷ͵ðݣĻҪԿġ⻰Ժ󣬻еĶתһ룬Ͱ뷨ˡ
ĹÿȻһǧǮеһҪĻؼȥĸĸĸӣ˶ѾʮˣһӶʵͽũ񣬸ɲˣȻҲʧȥ˾Դָֻˡǰ꣬ĸֻ˲ڹҩһ¾Ҫü١һĻĶжǮȥ׸
Ѱ˼Źȥ˼һ£㲻ֵʲôǮٱԼһ֮⡣һ뷨ò͸׸ĶǧƣеüǧһĻûҪˣ˵˼һֱӰ͵ĶӳʱǵȡԺҲʹǰȥݼ뷨
ڴ˵׸δǶӣ֪ĶһϢ˵ҪӸһ˳ȥһ꣬ѡ˵Ѿˣ󡣿ʼʱûʮ⣬ϾֻǴ˵ҪµĻ쵼һ̸ģû죬ĲˣΪĴ½ˡһĻ˵ˡ
ֻҪô£һͷĪˣΪ֣ˣǸˣȻܺŮƽϡ⣬Ҳ˵ˣ֣׸еݹϵҾӦ죬ҲܲĸĸԲȥģһ뷽跨ذƽ¡һĻȥƺ޿ˡ
ũﳤĺӣµȥҲûʲôˡ׼֮ʱͺȴҵﰵʾ׸ȥһˣһĻҲת
󱾾Ѿȥ׼ˣȻûԷ顣˭֪ȴŭ׸ⵥе칫ѵ˰Сʱһڴ￪ʱ򣬰óһ١
ƣ²ȥʲô˵飬Ե޹ʵˣ̫ˣ˿̣΢ᣬܺͶԷ뿹⣬ֻպһˡ
˭֪ôɣûж೤ʱʹ׸δˣþͽһ´Ρ͵˺һȻûıˣһҪһŬԵȥˣٿԲԼźҲһһΣȥԭ򣬶˵ѹŻж⻰û


ٶʮ ת̻
׸͵һײۣһӾˡղſһɨ칫ңͺܲˬھȻݺݵײһ£Ҳ಻סˡ
׸ǰݺһ٣ǾòޣȻŽ˰칫ңͷһѵҪһһʱᣬǲ뿪İ칫ҵġ
׸֮ô͵ˣ뿴һڵ⼸죬Щ˲֡׼ĵؽ칫ңȻţԺһһͶˡ
˭֪ս˳⣬ﰵ룬˭ôͣǴӴ칫洫ģѵһôϰˣװδе̫˰ɣںĵʹ£ӿ˽Ų׼ǰһ̽
ߵſڵʱ򣬾ͼһӰ͵һûӦѾԷݺݵײˡײ˾ȻСӵʱ׸ŭһӱȼˣǱ˺һĻ
֮ʣͻȻͺߵ˰칫ſڣ˵󣬴ȥһ¡
⻰Ժﰵ룬һСײһ£ôûûܺܲþҲû취˭˼쵼ֻվԸظڼͺĺ棬ȥ
һſڣһ׼ŵļͺ󣬾ֱǰȥͺ״æǰס½ǣ˵СأĶأ촦㣬账
⻰ԺŻ˶ԷһۣȷԺ󣬲һİ칫ȥ߱룬ˣղŶԷȷʵ˵Ǵ㣬õνģȻ׸һֱͺ׸ĴͲ˼άƵӰ죬һӻûӦ
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һıԺֱģϸһԺǾ̽һ£ٰһҲҪѸ˵Ļ˵뵽Ժ̧ۿһһȻ˵ղ¶ңһľͱô¨ӣҰɣ
һ˶Է⻰Ժ󣬷еļµʵŶһôˣ˵˵ôˣ
һղµıֻǺģȻƣлҪ˵ϲûб¶һ˳ɲ飬ҪһԽġ
˴ʻԺ󣬾Ͱ糿һһʮ˵˳κθ˸飬ֻ侲ز͹ʵ
һɵüͷ׸δ̫һɣ㱻ײһ¿ܻеʹ˼Ҳǹģڸôɹ
뵽ԺƺеˣѾ֪ԼܵñȽڿ죬еⷢӵ˼
һԽԽô£ҪȻ糿һеͲͨѽ׸ûо񲡵ǰ£ƺҲõĽˡ
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һⷬԺ󣬻ǺܿĵģĻ˵Ȼת̻֮⻹ǷǳԵġᣬǼһᣬɻǲɣôҲŬˡ
Ժԥˣһһۣ˵Ժкܳһʱ䣬̻ˣ£
һ⻰Ժǲˬͷ͵رĳһѳɫһ˵Сѽʲôֱ˵ûҪĨǵģϰ߿ɲѽ
ԺʶղŵĻе̫ˣǻѳڣջѾˣɴһݡһ˵ԭ£ȷʵеҪ㱨
һڶݵĲˬԺҲʶȷʵʲô飬ҪȻиղǾ仰⻰Ժһָָߵӣ˵ʲô˵һͷһӵġ
󽫽һƨɼ⣬ȻͰѴҪ˵˳˵ע۲һϵı飬ԷǱ㼯оϸؽ
һ룬ֲԼյʱȲؿԭм仹һ顣ȻԷǻһĿԵģһȴûй˼Լλ棬Ҳôȥģһ˼֮ʣǰܷץס˵
˵Ժһᣬһûпڡ֮ǰ֪ҲͰˣ֪ˣȻ֮ˡҪ֮ǰȥˣҲͰˣڿɲˣҶѾ֪һˣջǱˣñ˻ʲôĸȥ졣
һĿģ÷ģֻ˽һ糿顣ڿҪһˣȸΪҪġеףΪʲô׸һϰſͷˣʮа˾žΪ飬ҪȻڼ
һǰϵһĻ׸նġҪǸղ˵ڹأʱͷʱ׸ͺһһ͵ģ˵֮ǰѾ飬Ҳö˵ʲôˡ


ٶʮһ ȡͷ
Ȼһ֮Ƕ֮ǰľҲö˵ʲôϾʱ׸һ֣棬ܹ黹Ҫġ
һĻ׸ɫͺݺݴţִԵġͳէҶζȾͲߣټ飬Ǿ͸ʲôθˡҶһʧȥҪǿɾͲһ׵ˣڶʱ֮޷ʵֵġ
βöԷģҪȻĻǿǺôأһ˳˼
̧ͷ˶Էۣͷ˼һϲô˵Ժ󣬻ˣҪȻһ顣ڵȥνֻźǣմϴߣȥһصģ˵ͶˡĶ쵼ѵɫȥ鹻ǺϾǲͳһľҪıĻѶȿ֪
ʵһ˼˿̻ûй˵ȥоδµط飬ʲôڰͷƵȥûһʵĽڣϾѾӦԷһͿᣬʱ͵˵ƺʲô˵Ƕ̫ġ
һ˼Ժһɴ͸׳нǴᣬʲôʱ򿪻ᶼ˵ˣ㸱ְкǶˣĶҪʲôɡ
һ˵Сѽղ˵£֪ˣʲôʱʱ䣬Һ踱оһ¡ô˵ֻҪһ죬͸ҰıְĹЩûõĶ롣
ûʵĻæص˵ͷ˵ģĶҶġ
⻰Ѿ˵úֱˣһȻܹסͨ飬һ˸˽⣬˵ʵӡ󲻴ҪܰڴĻԺصһ¡
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ŶԷ˵ͷȻ˳İ칫ҡ


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˳ȥԺ׸ɫһڸʲôãѾ̶õ飬һ仰˵Ͳˣǲء׸޺޵Ҳ˼һ֣Ὺʲôʱ򿪣˼˵㣬Ҳֻڰ߷ɧһ취ҲûС
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׸Ŀ佱Ժ󣬼ͺҲǵ⣬վҡͷԵԼİ칫ȥ


ٶʮ 
˺÷һɤԺ󣬾һֱעſڵĶԼʮңͺ˰칫ſ߹ֹһᣬ׸ſڿ첽߹æһԾ׸ʲôҲûãȥĶأȥǱ첽ȥ
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һ˿İ칫أιʱƯŮ鵹ûΪֱӰİ칫ҡ
һǿģĥŵʲôʱʱͶԷϵһءһĵУѧϰˣʽȥʡί֯ˣΪ飬ôҲʾɣҸһۡ벻һȻֱɱˣе֮С
Ժ˺һ󣬱˴ʺ˸ԵĽһѵУѧϰԺȥ֯Է˽ܣ˵ñȽͳԷڹٳЩ˵ˣҲδܹ⡣
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ͬʱҲ˵ܵ⣬ԴֵܼǳʧԺȥʵʵϣûȫġҲȽϽʲô
һ󣬵˵ͷҵһҲȹٳ򵥣ֵܷĿӳɳ𣬶ʲô¡棬ֻһͣܰʲô飬ǳŶԷˬ˵ҪʲôҪҰæģֻܿڡ
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һԺһһתᵽ˿顣һ˵һѽ׼棬׼⵱ҵȰǰҡ
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극Ժһȥİ칫һᣬһĻһᣬʱˣȥ֯ˡ


ٶʮ ʱ㱨
һһžƵĸװԺͶȥʵһƳЦŰһһܣզ಻ѡ
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еϸԺһĳѾ쵽ʡίˣһֱʻ˽ȥſִڵıҲѾʶһĳˣȻ֤ͨûаҲÿζˡ
ս칫ң͸ƨɺ˽һؾ쵽Էһл˵ҲڴԼİ칫ǰȥ
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ǿһıֺǺģװϣ˳ְ̻˳룬ȻЦ˵촦һ£Ͱȥ㱨
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ǿȥİ칫ԺһṦͳˣЦŶһ˵촦޲ȥأ
һ˵ͷ̧ž׼ȥע⵽ǿղǰ޹Ϊϰ壬Ժ󣬾ͱ޲֪ǲʲô˵˿һҲϾ˼Щ׼ȥӦ޹


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޹һԺ̬ȵǲվҪӭǰȥӣһ״æ֣һƣȻ
һȻûиֻƨɵһףʱ򣬿˶ԷġĹ۵ǲô˵޹쵼ӦģһҲҪȵ¬ǶøӵλöԷ޻˵벻Ҳ硣
Ժ޹䣬һĹ״õ϶ĻشԺҲû׷ˡһʱΪʲô޹ǶԷ˵ĻǲģĻɵ
һҲʶһ㣬ԵȶԷ俪˵Ժ󣬾ֱȥˡ֮ǰõЩͷ΢֯һ£һȫ˵˳ǰᣬоݡ
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⻰ȥʵһȴԼĴ㣬кˣʱɱҳԽ㱨ģҿһŲʡ˿֮ԵĥߴӳԶǺбҪģ
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˭֪ŬãȴԼժӣҪǺܣǲ˹ˣ޹˵ǳذ¬£ΪǶѼȥˡҪ˵˿ܷͷԼù޹ľɲһĸߣǿΪˣôټ׸ҹ͸ֵˡ


ٶʮ ɱ
һЦ˵Ǿ̫л޲ˣҾȹȥˣʲôĻ쵼֧֡
޹վ˵˵˵һġ
һЦŵ˵ͷȻת˸ҵš
һ޹֮ǰ׼îԺֱȥҴ޿ĵġڶԷ̬飬е㲻ˣʱȥˣҪٰһ޹ĵԺֱ¥ݿȥ׼ذ칫Һúһ롣
ص칫ңϰϣһ֧̣һϸ˼ȥݷô޿£ûκ⣬Ϊ֮ǰ¬չĻӦúͶԷйͨʣģҪ⣬¿ӦѶȲ˵ˣһѡȥ벻ȥ벿￪չû̫ĹϵҪµĻǾͼпֻһ⡣
һĻһеȻʵĸоˣһǴ޿ץģġԼһεСݣȻҪƷ飬Ļ뷨֪ڴ£ⲻ֧ԼһЩõĿ¶Լԣǵ͵͵ʴˣ¬ţ޿ĲһԼôԺҪȡֿ֧ɾˡ
뵽ʱһŷ޹̫ˣԼԺĲͱ󵽹ȥˡղһĳαװģһ̫ˣ˵ͶԷ֮䲢ûʲôޣһһ֣ɱѽͨ飬һһʶ֯ҲΣأԺʲôĻһҪıǧçײ¡
Ҫ֤ղŵжϣʵܼ򵥣ֻҪҴһʾˡ£˿϶Уǲ֪̫౳Ķѡ˵Ļ÷õѡ֯ʱ䳤ҶЩ߽߱ǽǵĶһǷǳעģһû⡣
÷һϰˣĥǲǹȥһ±ʾһлϾ˼ҲǰһСæÿܶܲμͷĻҲͽ˴ĺĲ㣬иʲôСľܵһˡһصģ˵ܰѼһᣬҲûпܡ
ڴһֱŻӵͷԺûκκ̨ɫƽƽһŮˣҪְĻǼֱȵ컹ѡƼҲͬ˶Ժ󣬲ֵġؼԺɷ˵Ļ쵼ٲҵĻԼùⲻȥˡ
ԺûκĿˣ׼һݹʵˡòһˣܳ벻ɣ׼ŬһѣɣҲκʧһҪǳ˵Ļɾ׬ˡҲ˿ڰ칫ǰִٲĸԭڡ
壬壬÷Ҳĵ绰ͻȻͺ绰װƵ˵ιãɲ˭
ãã֪ˡͺ˵Ժ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ĹĹٳиǳֵ󣬴ҾٽҲϲõ绰¾ڸҲˣϼ¼ʱ򣬸ˡΪ´УʧԼݣֱӴ绰Եøͷһ㡣
ͺ»ͲԺ󣬲Ժ÷˵СѽͷĹȷһţȥһˡ
÷æһվȥȴϼһӲѣ֪װʮﶼʮˣСȻƺȥȽ࣬ʵе˲ڷԷĻǵ͵ĲѽΪγҲΪϲ𣿺÷߷ߵҡҡͷһ沿飬Ȼһİ칫ȥ
һк÷Ϊ˴ģȻ˵úתǶԷ˼
÷󣬿ƺ˵һ䣬¿ʱ򣬴޲ǿµص㹤ҪһһҪԴ˵Ժ͹һߣҲһˡ
˼ѾԣһȻȷʵ֮ǰһ޹̫ɶˡ
һȻǲˬǱȴû¶ЦŶԺ÷˵Уллˣҳէкö黹̫Ժһᾭ̣ɱҴѽ
÷һȻڿڣһǾİʾͬԷϹӣһҪһЩüʵݣĸԸΪ¡
÷⻰Ժæ˵˵⻰ɾˣڲͷˣ仹Ҳ˵һЩ쵼ҪĻֻܷԸҲ֪ĻҲһ뷽跨ش
⻰Ȼ˵еֱˣ˿칫ҲڣҿڣҲûʲô֮С׼ΪμͷʱһлģǴ˿̶ԷȻЩ⣬ٸЩĻԵе̫ˣ׼ⷢһ£ֻҪܱԼ˼ˡ
һ˶Է̬ʽĻǺܿĵģЦ˵УԺʲôĻҾֱˡ
÷æ˵ֻ˵ʲôģҿɲҵջȥ
ããջأһĴЦ
ͺ󿴵÷ص칫ҵʱϲ֮УҪһһʲô飬תһ룬Ƿˡ÷ŮȻȥһûûεӣʵȴأǧܴݾߡ
ʱǿ׸ȥ¥ģòľֶѾˣףͲŶԷ᲻ϵ뵽Ժ󣬼ͺ󵭶ض˰칫ϵĲ豭غڣȻϵļһؿ


ٶʮ ƾ֣
һȺ÷˰칫Ժϵı룬޹̫׵ģȻôˣҵҲһѽ˵ؿеˣҲˡұٺԩ޳е̫ˡ
˺һԺһһ֧̣ڣȻ˳ȥ⵭ƮɢһͷڸתţȻ˶Էʲô⣬ʱֵĻеΪʱˡ˵޹ǣѾȥҴ޿ĵ̬ȣ˵׸ͺˣһԺϢˣǼпֱܻˡ
һ˿еﻢµĸоˣ֣ҪȥĻˣĻòôŶСôأһ˳˼֧Ժͷ滹һŽͷǵۡ
Ȼһ벻ףһȰ·һߣǰú÷͹ϡʱ䶼һʱͷһŵʱ˵ͻͻһӾҵİ취ˣ˿̣һеڴ
һڴеһֵ֮Уûгϣ;ȥʱְϸһԽòܷȻ쿴ȥ˶ܸӣҪǽͷϴֵĹ⻷ϡ仰˵˭δǶı֡
ҪϿԼ¾һܺõɹĻ⼸ĿеĵλԻһǳߵĸ߶ȡ֮㲻Ļ䲻þͻô׸ͼͺһɿӦ˵Ӱ컹൱ġ
ϲĻᣬһվһ£ͬʱͷҲžô졣뵽ʵûˣֻ¬棬м޿͡һĻ޿ӦܸӣϾһǵͷģʱ̧֧һ£ӦҲ֮С
һĻ׸ȥ޹˵һ£ϾԷǸڣҪԸһһ¬Ҳ޿ɺǣ޿֪ԺҲö˵ʲôģϾ޹ȳֵġ
һ뵽Ժ󣬲мԵҪ޹һֱֻϹۣ治̫û⣬пܾʹ뱻һ룬м˵ĳɷ档
°صңһƿ˸绰֪¬˿пյʱæ˵еԷ㱨ƿԺ¬ʾһȻͰѵ绰˹ȥ
һ֮ʱ¬绰ǳ˷֮ǰӦʱ䣬㱻˵֮ǰ˷ǳֵ׼˵Լ࣬仰ͰҪ˵ģȫ˳
¬󣬳ĬһᣬȻ˵У֪ˣͱʲôˣҵϢɡˣ㵽ĲǱ߻ûȥ𣿡
ǵģұ׼ȥģûȵһȱȽϺáһ˵
УʱͲҪȥˣˣɣ˵Ժ¬һκηӦֱӹҶ˵绰
һ˵绰Ժ󣬽ֻ棬ڴĦ¬ԼʱҪȥ޿ǵĿġ˺һԺĿܾǶԷԼȥݼ޿ĵʱ˵ע⣬˵©죬Ļ²
Ǹ㶨ˣһеͷ۵ĸоǰӺ뿪ʱ򣬻ɣΪĻ˵μ괦ѵ࣬ʡһʱ䣬ѼȻȥ֮⣬ʡһʱ䣬ӦòʲôѹǱȽɵġ
ڿͲô£˼࣬һѵ飬Խ޹׸ڵĿȥ
׻˵úѽ˵ĵطͻнʡί֯νǰӿԲܵġͨ飬һֻҪڹٳϻһ죬ͲҪ˿ķɣΪʱ޺⣬ġ
һ˼һ͵ȥǶԷ˵飬æϴһ绰
绰ͨԺǳӣһھءһ˵еҪ˵˵һȡ
һᣬղŵĳˣϴ߳ˡһ糿˵Ϣϸظ˶Է󣬵û̫⣬Ц˵ϵܣû£ǳ⣬Ȼܺ¾ûУ̸ʲôȫʡѽ˵ǰɣ
ϵĴ𰸺һϵĲ࣬Ժ󣬲ŶģȻô׷һŵ绰˵УȻѾ¶ˣҾҵѰǰڵѡַЧͼ֮飬ˡĵپ嶨˼ѾˣҲ̫ʧȥȻĻԺĻɲһķѾ
УǾˣŻҪаҲܻȥм̨һ⣬Ҿ˳ˣúǽģҲʲô©Ժ˴ǡǸ˵
û£Ǳ£æġһڵ绰ͷ˵֮Դ绰Ҫȷһǲǻ׼㡣ֻҪˣ飬ǾͿˡ
УֵܣĻҾͲ˵ˣһ˵ͣԺ͵ʲôƵģһ˵ϵܣи飬ɩǰ绰ң˵ԺַѾѡˣʱȥһ£⻹װʲôģտһ°ɡһŮ˼ңĶЩ
һ˵Ǻϵ飬Ȼƴǣ˵òݵҲԼŵķݣԸ岻ݴˡ˵ϸ磬ͷİɣյʱ򣬺ɩϵһ£û¡


ٶʮ ̽Ϣ
ãǾɣһȥƴأҪھͺˣȲЩһٺ٣Ц˵
һǺһЦ˵˻ټԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
һѺ׼Ժ֣ģ뻹ˣ֪ԷԸ绰һĻһ϶ˣȸͺˣٸɡ
µ绰Ժһø컹úϵһ£ֿʼˣȰԺϻԺǾͿԴ󶯸ɸˡһĻȶԷٵ㿪ҵҲ̫ãӰӦò
ڶһ磬һȥϰԺ󣬷һֵǾ׸ͼͺΪ飬еͽ֮⣬Һʲô˵ֲóڵĸоú֣òıҲ̫һɣ
Ȼ㲻״һҲû̫⣬׼Ķ׼ˣҲٸʲô۶ӡ
˰칫ԺһͷѧϰԼ˰СʱƵ̧ͷһ׸Ų豭ЦǺǵվſءһæվӭ˳ȥЦ˵账ϡѽôԴˮ㵹ˮĻᶼѽ
׸æ˵˵Ļɾɱˣ¸鷳ҲԱġǰ岻ãŸ˵Ρʲôģ˵ҲŵĻǿɲܲ˵ǰɣ
һЦ˵ɩһѽҼλɾͲˣһɩӺúѧϰѧϰ
ˣѩ˵С֣ʱ䣬ų̂ȥϰ࣬ô£׸д˹ע֮⡣
һȻܱ¶ļԻס֣ݼԼȥķ㶨ġ˵ķôһ˵һ治ǺڶԷ˱֣Ҳд֮̽⡣һ룬˵̩ɽĸŮˣⲻطʳȥˡ
׸дһʣŻؼ˵ʱһӶûȥ̨ϰ࣬˵ȥʳǲμһʲôѵȥˡ˺һҲûǸʲôİ࣬ȻҪʡμѵɷһ
׸ýǸĻᣬǱ˳ڼһشõˮ©Ҳй˵ʵûʲôĽӴ׸֪һᣬȷʵ͵С꣬Ҫ״ʲôǿɲһ򵥵顣
ɳԺһһгһԷһĿĵģôһͳԱ˳ŵģȻ˵ҲżǾ⳶˭ĵù˭
׸ˣװӣʵ㿴ܵͷỹҪǲĻеҪȥһ¡
һ룬ȻΪģòеȲˡЦ˵ѽ账ѽ㲻˵⻰ˣҲã׼翪ģͻȻи飬ȥһ£ʱ޲㱨һ¹ģѾˣٿͷĻƺҲûʲôҪˣɣɴͷٿɣ㿴ô
һشȫ׸֮У춼ѾˣȻûбҪٿͷᣬ֮ʣĿġ
绰޹һȥ飬֮Ĺϵǣ˵ȻҪҴš޹飬ϸ˵˳׸Ĳѣ漴ͷһ⡣һ˵ȥҴ޿ĵģһֱ°඼ûж֪ô¡
ʳԺ޹Ҳشˣȷ˵Էʱ˵ȥģ˵ΪʲôûȥͲö֪ˡԷʾڳҸȥһ£ô¡޹Ҳе㵣ǲһ쵽ʲôǸĻǸӿɾǰˣ˵׸һ⣬Ҳ
׸һشʧ֮Ҳû취ܲڿֱ˵޲˵ֱȥϰǵģôڻûйȥѽǵ͵ӽˮˡ
׸ֻöһ˵ͷʾͬ׼˺УһҪڳ㶫ݡ
˵Ķ˵ˣȻһ񣬵׸ȴòվǣҪٴȥĻǿɾˣܲڴ۵С۰ɡ
һǿذѶԷ͵ſڣȻתذ칫ҡĹ۵һֱǸģҾλҪǻֵĻǾɻˡ
׸⣬һܹµעߵĶҲͰˣȻ̨飬ʲôʱʱ䣬Ҷջ쵤˽һ£ûʲôµĶȥ쵤ΪϢԴӦøһ㣬һҲٿǲʵˣ˵ôҲʱһεʵʵڵı֣ǲ˵ġ
ԺһҲֻҪ˼·˾УʲôʱȥνⷴҲǼһʱ顣
һֱߵѾԼȷĿ꣬һʱ䶼˽ĻְΪûӴ֯ڵ͵쵼УڶԴĹû㹻˽֮ǰ׼־ĹĻ׳ְҵԱԼϵһأҲù
һ밲ĵѧϰһЩļ˽һЩȴԸСʱ
칫ҵȻһֱţ˶Ѿϰˣ¡̧ͷһվſڵľȻǼͺһ룬ǽ㷽ҵ̨ģҪʲôȻмֲˬȴûκα飬ֻǵ˵һ䣬͸ˣ


ٶʮ ɳ
ͺ⻰Ժһ㶣ûһ黶ӭٱ̬ܹ黹Ҫһģ벻ԷȻֻôһ䡣
ͺеˣ֮ǰԷǺݺݵشҪǽ˼鲻ˬԼǡɹùͷǡ
뵽ʱ򣬼ͺе㲻ˣҪͷɵˣʲôҲ˵ĻתͷߣƺҲе˵ȥ
ά֮ʣһȴˣ͸ôվţѽһһֱڹ۲ı֣һһжϵ׸ߣ͹ˣҲ֪ԷĿģԲųк
һѾˣſڿʽϹǾֱӺݺݴҵģԹҡ
ͺ⻰Ժæ˵ûûʲô飬ҹ㣬ûʲôҪġ
Ŷһ̧ͷɻؿ˶Էһۣ˵ʵ𰸻Ǻ֮ܳ⡣ʶΪͺĿĺ׸Ӧһеģ벻ԷȻ˵Ļ
ͷһ룬еˣͺ󲢲һϲڵˣ֮Ը׸ԼΪѣʲô顣һϼͺúģô£ҪҵĹؼ֮Ļ˵һ¡
뷨ԺһԼͺ̬Ҳ䣬һ裬ĳеܳĸо֮ǰ̶ļƲ˾⡣
ͺ뿪ʱһ⽫͵ſڣ˵һ䣬͸ԺʲôĻֱӹǶཻ
ͺһ㶣룬òǸղҲû˵ʲôɣôأ׸Ӱ칫߳Ժеһˣʱϵı˵ľʣÿЦݡ
һ׸ӰԺת˰칫ҡ˿֮ɳӵʱ򣬼ãҪͼ֮
׸ͺԺɫһһ˻صԼİ칫档ͺ˿е˽վӡⲻ˵ĸоȥ׸ǽһתһ룬ȻҰ£ζûУ̸ʲôġ뵽ԺҲ칫ȥ
һ˿̲ղźͼͺǷȻԸ֮˵¡ղͼͺȥԺ󣬻ذ칫ҵʱ˳ְŴˣ˿ŻͲڲš
һṦ绰ͨˣЦ˵һѽǻеϬһͨ˼Ҹ׼绰ʹˣǺǣ
ֻ˵뵽һˣϬģ㻹հɣôôŤһһЦ
ǺǣҾ˵ôһ˵ĳЩ棬ȡġЦ˵ˣǲǱϢˣ
ѽһҲЦɫ˵Ҿ͸ˣӦòʲô⣬Һͨһ绰ȥءҽ绰Ǹһ£֮ǰ˵İ죬ҪǮʲôģȴǵáѹиʮ¾ͻˣʱپ飬㿴ô
Уû⣬ǮʲôģνؼҪһ϶Ĵ𰸡ҾͿԶȥˡ˵
УǾ鷳ˣҲ֪ҶԷЩټϸյҲôѵÿԾֻܶ鷳ˡһЦ˵ҲǴкˣϾϸģȴӸȥҪͶԷ˵ġ
ϵܣ˵ɾͼˣˣ㳶ˣȥæˡʲôϢٵ绰ϵ˵
õһ϶ϢԺҲеˡͨϴ֮ĽͿˣһеѾԲ򵥡ǺͶԷʵʵؽ˹ϵһĻҲǴ顣
ӦҲŵϺŵˣ߶ԺҪٳ߸ͷһĻǷǳѵ飬Ȼܻǿ֧ԮĻǾˡھһĻᣬεذס
ϰ࣬һͽӵ¬ĵ绰Էڵ绰Ѿʹ޿ϵˣѾûˡһæԷʾл¬һ˵һѽҿɣλᣬȥݷһ²һҪȻ⣬ȥʱһҪע⣬Ǽ飬쵼ĻͲҪ˵ˣý֦
һæ˵֪ˣ¬ģ¬壬ɴ͹ȥһ£һ棬Ҳϲˮģһ棬ĩ쵼Ļƺе㲻̫á
УԼŰ죬㲻˵ҵĹе㽻һ㣬ûҪ̫ʽˡ¬˵
У֪ˣлл¬塣һĸл
ǺǣСӺһѽ¬Ц˵ϴ˵׼ģϱʳһӣƶʱ֮ڣĸˡҴӶȥүúú
˵Ժ󣬲һش¬͵ʲôƵģһ˵ˣźˣ¸ˣạ̊́Ѿ׼ˣһȥһ¡
һæ˵¬壬ˣԼȥһ⣬Ķأ
⻰ֻ˵һ룬һ⣬ȷʵһ˵ôҲĿģ˵Ļȥһֱӹȥһˣ¬òɵؿ˵
һôвףǶԷһټ֣ҲֻдӦͬʱϿҵԷʾ˸л
Ҷϵ绰Ժһе㼤¬Ĺ岮һ㣬ʵ֮䲢̫Ĺϸ𡣶ԷȻ赭дȥ̵̣ķ֪


ʮ ϵ
һпԺһ˼»صʵУȻ¬ѾżƻȫˣҪǸ㲻ĻеԼԷˡ
һ绰Ŵ˹ȥԷһ㶣ԺǺܿĵġ˵һݷһϵŵӦһᣬ˵֪ϵǷڼңһһĵ绰
һ⻰Ժ󣬻мָжģź־ѡһֱ־ƸݳֵģǴŶûйӣĻ˵˽ΪͶԵԭ
˴Լһҵʱ䣬ŵĵ绰ͻ˹˵иӦ꣬ѾԼˣŵңӦÿԵҡһæԷ˸л˵Ű˵ҹȥ
˵ô鷳Լ˼һԷҲһɡڷҲӦ죬ʶѶ·
һԷһ˵æӦҲиоȦС˵㣬ǴӵУҵԺ󣬸ԵˡʲôˣܵѣȻĶȥ
ϵԺһ¬ķӢ绰ˣͶԷԼ°Ժ󣬾͹ȥ̡һжźԺһһܼ򵥵һС£벻Ϊ׸޹ġİš˷ѾһһпͬʱҲԼԺĹһҪССģϸϸ
˿̵ҲܲѾȥľˣۺǰ˼лˡٽ°ʱȥһ˴칫ңһͷļﲻһһкԺ󣬱׼˳ȥﰵ룬Се˵ε˼ˣ˼һ֮ôΪС£͸ַأҲ̫Լˡ
׼ˣһеļЦ˵Сѽѽôһԣֳȥˣ
ûûʲô顣ҵ˵Ҫ°ˣҹʴûҪԸģ
ŶһһȻ͵ʲôƵģ˵СѽҺũģǰɣ
ǵģлģ󹧾˵
һ˶Էһۣװ˵Сѽ˵ʵһũĺӦĻ᲻ѽһҪúðסڹϵģȡɳŲⷬ
лл֪ˣȥԺĻһŬģԲҲһҵʱ䣬Ժ󣬻봦ָһ˵
Ŀһ˵˼ҿıǶԷصСﶼܸ˶ĹģǺмָжġʶΪܸڶԷһʱĻԼҲһеϢģźǣĿʱ޷ʵˡ
һ˶ԷԺ΢΢һ㶣⻰ƺм̽˼һı飬֪Լˡ
ۣһ˵СѽôֻҪ˻棬ͲӦЩûõġ˵һײһӣϣܰÿһӶײ죬Ӧûʲôɣ
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ͣóԺһʵٽӦʵȴҲûʲôֻ̫װΪһ㣬ǵƹ⣬ԵøΪĿӪֽ̻Ի͵ĸоڴУյ޴ĵƣһɨһۣġ׸ߣֱͨƵɫֱ˵ۡ
һԺ󣬼ѾˣǴһкԺ󣬾ͰһߡİСʱ棬ͳ䵱һͣ˽Ժ󣬴ŶĵذһһʶҲվͶԷкգһϣʮˣŮ˴ʮ꣬Ůǳֻ࣬Ƕʮҵ͡
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һϳԺ󣬸׼ͻȻһߵ˴ŵĳԣ²Ժ󣬴ŷ˳һȻʶǰˣԷӦúʹʶӦòǶԷ
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ûĶѴ޿ĵİԺ󣬱תˡΪ飬ʱΪֹһĹء
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̸꿷һĶԺæͶԷһкҶ˵绰һ˵滵˼ڴ绰أ㶼ŹŶ


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һ̸ƵıԺ֪һˣЩҲܹעġ̸§ڻ˵ǲǼˣҪǵĻҿȥһĻúܡ
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ԷѾˣһСʱ͵Ӧˡһ⻰żǰʱԷ͸߹˵ٻ档
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⻰һæסͻݺݵҶϪһۣȻϹ˵ҽͷĻҾȥ˵λ顣
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УУû⣬û⡣˵
⣿ҶϪۡ
˿ֻõͷ׵ķˣҶϪﵽĿˣ㲻׼ΪˣҲûٻԼȥǽһͨ绰
Ȼ뱻˿ȴҲ޿κΣֻ֮֮ˡһڵ绰˵ʲôĻԸɣҲûʲô˵ġ
һ˿ֻ绰ߴߴĶԻȴ辿˵ʲôòƻһŮ֪ʲô飬æʵιι裬


ʮ ʲôû˵
Ŷ磬أʲô˵ҶϪںҵңҶ˵һһŮ̫ˡ迴ҶϪһۣЦ˵
ðȻڱʹˡҶϪ˵߰쵽Ҹȥ
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һ벻边ȻһڴӦˣæ˵УҰ緹ãȻٹ㡣֪ŮӳűȽ鷳ѡ·Ϳ֬ĨʲôģԲöԷҪż
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ͮҶϪ֮ʾѾˣһԺҲ֪ôˡҶϪ⻰ԺҲЦ˵ǣ裬ȥĶԸУҶеԳˡͮ˵ָָǰͻȻǺǽЦ
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ҶϪЦ˵촦Ҫһ㣬ɸո˯ѣ̫ĻһӿӦˡ
һ󺹲ѣⶼĶĶѽҲͶԷ˵ʲô˭֪һ˵ʲôֻһкˡ
ݺݵصҶϪһۣȻʾƵľ˾Сȭͷһȥˡ
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豻һһǲ˼С͵ʲôû˵˺Ϲ˵ġ
Ǻǣ֪ô˵ĻأȻѾͷģ߰ɣһο


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ˡ衱͵һ𣬲һı飬֪һԼˣûǷ˼ɣԼԼǺܴĽˣ˵ģԺ˵ɣ
뵽Ժ迪ĵǰһһİ棬ǰȥ
һоСûоܾŮӶҪӣҪֳͷĻǶ˶Է˵֮ƣӦûڿԽܵķΧڡ
ۿ͵ǰˣһӿ㶵ͳңҲջ֡ʱͻȻһԽҰµһͣһĳǰ漴ӳһˣϾȻһõ廨һΪܿͣЦǺǵض迴
һһװƵͺǲˬټ϶ԷȻǳģǺܲ˵ιҪ͵Ļһȥǵĵ
бһһۣ˵·ҵİԸĶĶʲô¡СģĶĶȥ
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Ϊһˣ˵Ըߣÿ˵һ΢΢һЦ̧űǰȥȻҲಽظɣȥ
ӿıּˣæкС㣬⻨͸ģһ⣬һҪѽǳĳģΪ˴סַɷ˺ôһء
⻨Ժ󣬳˵˼ˣòһԼһΣȻĶơɫһ˵ϴҾͺ˵úˣ֮䲻ʣûκοԣϣԺòҪټˡ˵⻰ԺɣɵĸʻλȥȻţֱ˳
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ҪǶԷʵڲ֪ĻϧôͷŽһ£ֻּ֮һ費ġ
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Ф˵ν㰲Űɣ糿ҪȥһңȻ󣬸ϰǰȥˡ
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֮ǰȥ˼ΣٽֱⵥģһѾܾûȥˣȥ޷ֻĸˣҲҪʲôģֱ¥ĴԾˣӦòᾪԻԽߺ졣֮ҪѡٽһΪǶȽϵΣ˵ζҲܲФѵùһˣ֮꣬ȻҪõλһ㣻һ棬ٽȷʵ㡣
Фٻ˹֮⣬һĿȻǹģٻӦ̳ǷһһŻǺġ
ٻԺһͷŹǶôǵѡܿͺٻϤСŮ˾ֵֻСһ㣬һߴߴû꣬ٵ̳شһФ࣬ϲŴССĹ۾ýŮˣһת۵Ĺ˾Ͳˣʱ򻹵û˼ȥҡ


ʮ ȫѹ
һСʱФһʵѾץˣŲòŲˡٻͷһע⵽˵ӣǻֱֽʵİװһ㡣Ȼжû򣬵Ҳ˼ˣϹʱ˵ɡ
˰ĶȫŽ˳ȻһһıɣɣֱٽʻȥФĳͣٻͣǶרŵıţ԰ȫ
ФһϳԺ󣬾ͷһ⳵ԣȻȥɣɣʵȴԲǵģɣĶܺΡ˶Էһ֪Ǳװģɵ˵һ극Ժһ֣һȻʲôͷӦˡ
ٽԺ˶ˣһԺ󣬴ҶеȲ֮С벻³ɵʱ򣬵Ժ󲻵ʮӣǵĲ˾½½ȫˡԱϵ˺ǲǿǶʮ֮ǰ͹ˣϻǿտҲء
һ˴˿Ͼ˼ר־ǰζ绹Ҫȥ棬Фֻһƿơƣٻֻһϡһ㣬ܿ˷
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˺˵裬һᣬ׼ˡפº÷ɽӦ䶼ؾڣӦнʮľ롣Фʻűɣɣ˲Сʱ͵Ŀĵء
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һԷһȵӣεذѲ豭˿иоʵռͺĸĲʺڹٳϣҲѹôǸԱ˵ӦòڴԼΪѣһʲôãһҪҸģܲܽȡҲ׸һӣĻȷʵ˾úܵۡ
뷨ֹһԺֹˣǹû̫⣬һ¶ˣԺһҼͺ̸һ̸
ԺһԼͺ̬Ҳ࣬豭Ц˵͸лˣǾ߰ɣ
ͺһ⻰Ժһ㶣˵ʵһ˿ϣЩжڼﻹţ׸һߵڣǶǴò֮ǰԷǸŵڿûʵֵĿˣڶԷ죬ʲôأ
ͺһĹһѾ߳ȥˣæ첽׷ȥͺȻоǰг֮Уﲻһ£ѵǵͼĺ޲ǣô˵ʲôأѵ
ڼͺɻ󲻽֮ʣһѾ˻ң׸һ֮ǰע⵽ǰֻӣλø˵ĸо֣֮Сҵм䡣
һ΢΢תͷһߵ׸ֻͷһǰСдʲôһģ˵εİڷţһɵģǹϲϯǽ翵ĶҲҪȥ
һ룬ȥأ⴦Ȼһ׸
׸ȷʵһ˿ܲȻװģͷдʵ۾ȴʼһֶԷ⿴ȥʱæͷ
һԺһˣͺҲѾڵĵһţһȻ˵λͬ£Ѵټ̻ᣬҪǴ˽һ´ڵĹȻԽĹһţ봦һͬ־Ϊҽ
׸⻰ȥûκ⣬˵Ժ󣬴ͷһԴǳӵģ˼Ųɣʵﶼ׸˵ġ
ĻԺ˶һٿģǽ׸߼ͺ׳ȥ飬ȻȻػΪҲһ˼һĻȻ˻ʲôĿˡ׶ΣһֱΨһհҲϰ˼㻹ʲô˵ּۻ۵Ȩֱӱˡ
һȻó׸˵⣬ҲûбҪЩϸͶԷƽϣʱᰴ׸ԤȥչǴʱҲûбҪȥʲôˡ
ƽϢԺһӣ΢Ц˵Һã˵һ¿Ŀģ踱ٿһ쵼ͷģһ룬ǴҲ⼸ˣʡÿԺ󣬻Ҫϴ´ģɴѴһ˵һ˵߹Чʡ账˵ǰɣһ˵ʱתͷȥ˿׸
׸ɫǴ֮ͥ£ҲֻܷӲͷƤһ֪ԷղǸ踱ĳƺΪ֮Ҳö˵ʲôϾԼȿӱǰ˼ҷںƺҲûʲô˵ġеСˣΪ񣬿ʳԼڲˣڿòƲô¡
׸ﰵ֮ʣһѾĻˣҪ̸ϰһһЩ룬ȻԼԸ˵ӡ󴩲м򵥵˵˵ȻԱ͹Ϊġ
һǸ͵Ļ飬ôҲô࣬ĶõŴĵؿá֮ţ˵Ϊ׸ͺ׼ģΪͷĻҲ£ǵ˵ǰ¶ȿԴﵽʰǵĿģҲԼţҲһˡ
׸һ٩٩̸ļͺһǵĿгϲ֮СĳȻ޷İ⵱κһγɹˣҪȻ˼²
һ˵ıҲ۵ף˵ʵҪĽֻеԷǺ޷ģŻеֶȫʹͱսһٸ㶨𣬱һԺ͵رĳһ仰⻰ʹ˿̵ǺƵġ
һµ˵˰СʱʱЦһֱ׸ϣ·һηǳЦЦƵġһķУһȷ϶ԷҲͲˣ׼ʲôûиˣʱǺѽ
һķԺֳһĪ֮У֮ǰǶһ˽⣬ƺһϲˣ֪ݵһ
ʱҪͺ÷ˣǶһ£ġȻվӵĻҶϣԼϰǿһ㣬ҳͷĻҲܶһ㣬һֱ֣ûʲôġ
һĽٽʱ򣬺÷ǿЩߣı־Բ˵ʲô飬ʲô飬ȴϴ׸ǵԷԲһϲ̸ˣ֮һԭ򣬲뷨ֻܷֻ˵һҰο


ʮ ˫
׸һĻ˵ԺЦɨ̨һȦȻɫһ˵ղŴΪҪָʾһҪμģȡѴĹɺã쵼ǵͬʱҲΪطϵĸأӦеĹס
˵ԺͣһᣬȻ˵ͬ־̸һ̸ڹʲô󣬶˵촦Ҳǿ԰ѸöĶôĴʡӰǵĹȺ͹顣
׸⻰Ѿ˵úֱˣ˰ʾζҲ֮ǰͼͺ˵ġɼͺ˵֮ǰֵİʾͰ˰һȥˣٲ㣬Ҳܲҡ׸䲻̫Ըȥͺ̬ȺǼҲûа취ʱ䣬ǼͺǰҪʲôҲĻҲе˵ȥ
׸Ļ䣬ͺͿʼȻѾˣ˵ܾڵĻƺе㲻̫ã뿴ǲл˵ɨȫһȦԺ󣬼ͺʧˣҶԵúæдһֽʶûˣר־ֻƣû׼ˡ
Ҳ֮У˭ûԸǰͷ¶棬òƻûаôǲǳԱ˳ŵ
ͺٿʱ׸Ҳûţ˵ıԺҲһʧ䣬Ҳ˲ˣ̧ͷ׸ʹɫ˲˵ûйϵɲĻ⾢ɾ׷ˡ
ͺû׸ʧ˶ָˣֻͦˡǿһЦЦȻһȣȴҵעеˣװ˵λ쵼мҪǻ㱨һ¡˵Ժͦ˻ͷ·˷һ㡣
һһۼͺ󣬼оʣ˵ʵԷȷʵ̫׾ӣ᲻սȤ
׸˼ͺĻԺȴǿģ˵Եò̫ͻأģԷľ΢΢һ֣żͺĻ˵͸ʲôֱ˵ûҪôʽʾ㱨ʲôġ˵ǰɣ
һ׸ʻԺ΢΢˵ͷ룬˫ɵݵòݵٺãҲͽ͡
׸һĻشԺ󣬼ͺϵЦݸˣЦ˵ģڴ֮ǰһҪӸһȥжһ꣬ʱǴѡѾȷϸ࣬¾͵ǲǰö˵ܾͰѡȥˣҪȥĻǾԵǵĹˡ
һ⻰ԺװܲӣʵŶ£֮ǰû˵ѽ
׸⻰һ֣æڵ㵱ʱûй֪ͨԺҾͺͼͬ־һ£ȷСȥμѵõĶᣬǿǴ˵ѡΣСغС֣࣬С֣ǸŮӣȥĻ治̫㣬ۺϿһ£ͰСȥˡ
⻰ȥǶһ˵ģʵҲǸһͣһ֮ǰͺͼͺˣ˵ǵĻ˭ʲôëΪⱾʵǵ顣ң˵Ҳȷʵν飬ֻҪԼȥˣȥ֣ȥ뼺θɣ
׸˵Ժ󣬰עеһϣе㻳ɶԷǲܿôĿĺڣмʧ֮СһԱ˶̨ʣ̨µĹӲûôڣǲϹӵư׷
׸ڹעһͬʱһҲڹעڿԿ϶޹ûаѵ췢칫ҵ飬ȫ׸֪ܲԼѾ֪ڸҪһȥ顣֮ղŹô˵Ŀľ̽ԷģѾ֪ˡ
ĴԺһͷ￪ʼҪöԷֵı¶óԼĹ۵ǽΪһĻһ棬ôҶһ˻Ǻչ˵ģóͷʱԲһ棬Ҳ׸оѹŻΪ棬̸¶
վһĽǶȣûģʵ޹Ѿһ칫ҵıԭԭظ׸ֻ˿ע߶ȼУͷԷе·һûһʼһ߶ȷΪԷҲﲻⶼԶ·
ԺһЦ˵һǵһ˵͹۵˵ҾСʱĹǲģҪ飬ǿô⻰ȥǶ˵ģǴﶼ׸ͼͺ󣬱Ͼ˸ġ
׸￩һ£Էôں̵ܶʱھѾĹؼڣάԲöԷ뷨óѣĻɾͱˣæżͺʹɫ
ͺ˶ԷıԺ룬ʱˣʲôʱָΪںʰսƷĶôõ顣Ժͷƫ˹ȥװһ̵ͷûٵ
׸ԷıԺﰵ϶Ȼڹؼʱ̸ҵӣԺ󣬿úúôһˣҪȻԺϵĻɾˡ
׸ЩԺˣ뾡ǰƽҪȻĻͳױˣĻٿᣬҲȡΪҲ̵顣


ʮһ ҡָ˭
׸ŤͷһһۣȻ˵ҿ²ˣһǲߵñȽϼһҲǴԺġʱٸ˵Ļǿе㡭͸˵ǰɣ
׸ȻܷŹͺ룬ͷˣһ£ӦòΪɣⶼ滳֮ǰ˵ЩǼˣڸղſ֮ǰô̵ʱ֮ڣͱԷ㶨ˣӦòڰɣ뵽Ժڴͺɨһۡ
ͺ׸ô˵ˣȻûѵˣղ֮ûԷֻǶϴڱе㲻׸ֵӭ׸Ŀ΢΢˵ͷȻ˵ѽҲȷʵʺȥϦĵĻҲͬ־ǾòΪһţÿһӦԡ
˵Ժ豭͹ڣ˵ĸоʵòеӡ
һ벻ͷһڣȻôͣһԱȵĻղ׸Ƿͼͺıɾˣ糿һθое㲻֮СȻֻҪһ仰ܰѶԷеĹƻΣܾô˿̾óɱﵵĻòе̫ˣеĻָôأһĴԸת
˿̣᳡˶Ѿôˣԭһ塣ڿ׸ͼͺӦбδһȻǴæӦս˿뱻Ҳ֮С
һĻΪжȻû뵽ǣ£ȻͦһˡڼΪľ棬ĺ˵䣬˵ʲôأΪˣûرܾ㲻ˣ뷢ģǿеôˡ
Ȼ˵ȴǿԵģ÷ûлᱨһ֪֮ء벻سǵĻˡ˿ͷ˼ŶԲߣǿǷԣ룬ԡͻȻǰһˣô졣
öԲԺ󣬺÷Ųһӵӣⷢ֨֨죬ȴҰĿⶼʱ¶΢Цһ˵е뷨֪ɲ˵˵
һ˿Ͳվ˵أĶвͬĵ΢΢һЦ˵л˵ٿĿľôҳԵģ˶Ҫʲôǣô˵ô˵
һ˵⻰ʱر˶Ժ÷ĳƺȻΪ̧˵ķȻҲʵǣ÷ļȷʵƼֻƽʱҶûйעˡ͵Ҷ֪֮ⲻھƣкϷˣ˶ע˫Ľ
һĻԺ󣬺÷˵ͷȻ˵ղ˼͸ĻԺһ㲻סȻ֮ǰ˵ҪӸˣ嵽Ǵ˵ҪСȥһǵһ˵֪ղ쵼˵ǺʹԺľָЩأ
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÷һȻ׸ͼͺ֮⣬˶Ǿ̵֣һԺ漴뵽˶Բߡ׸Ц˵µʱҺͼ͸̶ģȻѯ˲ִͬ־ҶûʲôöˣڳӦûʲôɣ׸ڻ÷һƵͬʱƤߵһĽ¡
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һԷһһ͵ģú˼һ£Ц˵踱ղ˵ڳϵȷʵûʲô⣬Ϊ˰˵ˣ㲻˵˵ѯļͬ־ҲôҶ֤ȷʵûκ⣬ؼҲСͬ־㿴أ
׸һϣԼ֮ì֮ܣ벻ԷŹһ⵹׸еƣӦ֮У֪ղžͲ֦һˣ뷴ڵĻˡ
һ֮뵽һУҲʱ׸Ǹ׸澭Ӫ꣬Բֻмͺһ࣬Щˣ⻹治գӦǸûᣬԼ˵һ׸ôԸ⣬˵һǰأ͹ȥ
Ȼһϣ׸һȨԺ󣬳˵ȻҪˣϸһ£Һͼ͸̶Ժ󣬷ֱΪСƺС֣ǵʱʾͬ
͵׸ᵽԼ֣˵͵һ㶣ֻ֣һνļơ
׸Ļ䣬һĿʹ˵һһɨ֣ҺͶ⣬˶ͷһµģһˣ׸ˣֻ֣ʱġΪȥӦþȥȻʲô


ʮ ˴
Ϊ׸ˣһе׼ģϾ֮ǰĸˣ׸Ȼܲðʣµ˺ϴһӣӦҲ֮С벻лɯɯŮҲ׸ˣ⵹еһ֮⡣
׼ȷ˵лɯɯѾŮˣһٸòȥսĻ顣Ů˿ȥͨһҵߣе΢֣ô;бŮˡӦǾϻ˲ò࣬ˮɶ
һû֤׸ʱȻ˵ǵӦþʮİաһ£ʱҪǷϵĻûطˡһȻڴ漣֣ղ֮˵ҪĿҲ֪Щڰ֧׸ġĿѾﵽˣȻҲͲʲô뷨ˡ
׸ĻԺҲͶȥ˷ŭĿ⡣֪Ϊʲô֮ǰڰ칫̸۵Ļ⣬ڶһ׸֪ԭˣԭ⼸ͽܣ޳
֣ʼһνӣҿĿⶼԾˣҲеʶԡ˶촽Ҫ䣬ֲ֪ô˵˵ʲôò
˽ĶѾ˽ˣһҲ׼ȥˣ׼Ѵ޿Ҫȥ˵ͻȻſһӰһ̧ͷһ޹ǿÿǸϢҪ˵ˣпܹ͵ġ
ŸղŴǸ绰һᷢõģֻҪ޿ķԸһʧڴ޿ĵļԷʱһ;һǳֵһ
һȻǿܲðһﲻȫޣϲװƣ治֪޹ôģ˿ȴòڳһĻӭļơǿ˿̹ȻǴ޹ģҲ˵˼ҿղ󳼣øӿһҪɾĿ쵼ˡ
׸ǿͻȻ֣ǲˬؼʱ̣ۿҪһƵǽˣʱʲôҡﲻ죬ǸһվӣЦӭȥȻ޹ұۣ˿ȴòǿӣϾԷ˿̵⡣
һǿ֣ͬʱ˵ӭε鹤ʧԶӭ
ղ޹һ˵ʱǿе㲻⣬һӣʱεúܡϴ칫ҵһĻĿе㲻òϴκ˵˵ţͱԷƽȥˣº˺һҲûԼôԷ嵱еġ
ڿһıԺһɣ׹ˣԷһǿǴ޹ģԲŻ˸ӡ뵽ԺҲ͵һԺ˳ƺ׸֡ǰһԺתߣ벻ԷȻڿᣬҶصӣɵòĳЩװƵ뷨
һѾϵǿ˿̹ʮа˾Ϊ֮ǰǼ飬һ˵Σڿᣬָ䡣
˰ɣǿƴǵʵȴô롣޹μӹٻ飬϶ڽ棬ʱŶȥֻܴڸл̨ϣе˵λֻʮˣֱӵĸоǲġ
ΣͱǫˣڿǴ޲ģܵأһ˵
ǿһһ˵е㶯ˣ˼һȻ˵Ǿ͸л촦ʢˣ޲ҹһҾдˡ
Σ룬룡һæǿһơ
ǿƴһڰ׸ԭŵһԺ󣬲ȥǸǿӡ
˿ΪεĪ׸ˣԭλڱǿȥˣֻлȥüͺӣԱŲһλãҪȻĻΡ
׸Ժ󣬺ǲصǿһۣ룬治֪ԼＸȻܵװƣڳһȥϰú˵˵ⲻ֪ߵغĶ
ǿû뵽ƨһȻԼĪ鷳Ҫȼ֮ĻλþǴˣҲġǿȻûδ֪˿һߣ˵ˬˣʼչ΢Ц
һǿһۣȻ˵ͷ˼Ǹ߶Է׼ˡǿ˿ڵ֮ʣһԺ󣬸ǿĲѣŶԷ˵ͷ
ǿıԺһһȻʧЦĸоֻӲ˻ȥɨȫһȦԺ÷ǳĿ˵ͬ־ǣǼᣬղ۵ȷһţҵӭθָʾ
ǿ˿Ǵ֮ʣû뵽һһھָʾģͷ侲ָղŵƺеˣǴ쵼ģ䱾˵ֻһСѡ˿ٸʲôƪ۵ıϰ¾ԲŹ
뵽Ժǿֻú󱳵亹ֱðͬʱҲм֮ȻڱϾδʲôĻüġǿһһۣЦ˵촦˵ɾɷˣѾˣĶ̸ʲôָʾʲôģ򲻿ɣ򲻿ɣ


ʮ 
һԷһȻģ룬ȥģʱŷӦδ̫˵ɣԷȻ˵ˣҪټģԵǱˣɲһϣĽ΢ЦؿǿһۣȻ˵Σ̫ǫˣɣҲ˵桢ָʾʲôģǴ޲ģôţҲø˵ɡ
ǿһ⻰Ժ룬òҲȷʵôѽԼȻˣĶһԵĵҲȷʵе˵ȥ뵽Ժһһ˵У촦޲ҹȷʵе飬Ҿͽʹ˵һ˵ɣ
һ󣬵˵ͷȻŶԷһƣȴҾ˵µģҪȻĻ治û˸ӡ˵ԼԸװƣƪʲôģҲԼ飬ҿûаϵ
֯һμǿʼһͺܲðҲһǿڿӣǿǴ޹ģһӦ㹻أ뵽̨Ͼ˵̨Ժʲô˵ʲôǿɾԼˣܲס죬סְɡ
ǿӣڽţмַȷ֮УһԺ󣬶˵λͬ־ǣлʹҾ䡣ղ촦˵ָʾʲôģǸҿ򵣵ҵҶֻһСѣΪ쵼ܸȣҵķ֮¡쵽ҪиϢߴң˵һϢȻ쵼ĹĺչǷֲġ˵Ժͣס˻ͷôһĽƵġ
һⷬԺӼᶨ֮ǰжϣǿʮа˾ΪǼģҪȻ˵ղһ
׸ǿĻԺеɶĺͷԵĸо֪ǿڸʲôͬʱҲе޹˵ԼұۣʲôĻӦȸһôֱǿܹʲôϢⲻǵ͵Ķһ
׸⻹е޹ˣԷǾе㲻˼ŴǿġôҲû뵽ѾĻŸһ޿ĵƮƮһ仰ͻˣΪȶضͲǵˡ˵Ժ˼תֱˣ˵ˣѯʵĻᶼûи޹ƿ֪Ķ˵׸ĸܡ
ǿͣԺ󣬼˵޲ǣ֮ǰ˵ӸһԱȥض쵼ǵ촦ԴĹûȫ֣Ϊ֧ĹξͲˡ
˵ԺתͷһһۣŶԷĸлƵġ˿̣һǿģȻҲһлģĵ˵лл쵼ζ֧֣һм
ǿһĻ󣬺ص˵ͷЦŻһ䣬촦ˡ˻л֮ʱͻȻһ飬⾿˼޲˼ЩɲϹ˵ѽ˵ˣҪеεġ
ǿ֮ʱ͵⻰ɫ͵һ䣬ѭȥ˵׸ҲƵˣΪ˿һôӣ˵⻰ģȻ׸Ī
һֱ׸޹ĵϵԾӣǿǿȻǲˬҲ޿κΣ˭˼ҺϰĹϵԼأһ㶼ѡ̡׼ٸԷˣһ棬ڴ֮ͥ£ԷֳشΪ޵֮Уһ棬ȷʵǰϰ崫ģԲԷʲô
Ժǿһ˵踱ղǻʲô˼ѵ㻳Ҽٴʥּ㻹濴ңҪǾںĻھͿȥ޲Ƕ֤ѽ
׸⻰Ժ󣬶ҪˣԴһƺ踱ԺͶԴ˷ǳУǿȻйԱǰƺ߳ŭ֮Уϸһ룬Է˵ĻҲǺ뷴òƶҲʲôʵͷ
׸ֱҪĸо벻ƽʱ۶ȥƵǿȻôҪϸһҪǲ˵ʲôĻʵʡ׸ǿһһ˵ô飬֮ǰôû޲أ
׸ʱ˵һʣ˵ر˼ھǿ㲻ҪΪ̨Ͼ쵼ˣҪ˵޲ĹϵұȵĻɲԶˡ
׸뷨ԵһʵղŵǷѾǿûˣ˿Ҳﻢ¡Թ˲Ͼôܻ뵽ء
Ȼ׸ĻԺǿ˷ڨЦһ踱޲ҹǰ֪ͨģ˵û޸ҾͲ֪ˡ˼ǲ˵޲ʲôĻҪ˵һ̫
˵Ժǿͣû˵⻰˼ҿɶװס֮α뺷ĶԻԺ󣬴Ҷǲ⣬ǿ޹飬׸޹µĵɽôأһ
һһĻĲѣ˵ɽۻȤᵽˡȻ˵ǻĻδе̧̫ˣùҧһëĻƺҲе̫̭ˡ
ǺǣǸЦһﰵʵ֮ô¡׸ȷѣǾǿļƻеƵ˼ټ֮ǰǿǰһᶼеԽУԾܴ֮ʱȲ˳


ʮ ɺ
ҪǷƽʱĻ׸쭣ǿһѡ˱ˣͬһ棬̨ϣоƮƮȻ֮ʣһ棬˶⣬ҪǰȥĻԺͲҪٵˣĶôһۺϣ׸Ÿˡ
׸ǿĻԺͨ죬վֱȥٳ֮ʣعͷǿµУΣᣬ͵޲ȥʸ˽˵Ժһأֻصһ˶䷢
һæǿЦ˵Σ˼账е̫ˣһٺ㿴û飿
Ǿ̫лл촦ˣҡûˡǿŻŵ˵ҾȻȥˣǡٽ
ǿ˵⻰ʱȻеĲɣû˱׸޹еķˣʱ䡣δܰ׸ıλã޹أ˵׸Ӧᣬ׸ͷϣȥ޹Ժ󣬻ֱӰڡ
ǿ˿ѾȫûװƵ˼ˣøϿץʱϵ޹ȥ׸һڵס
һǿææȥҲûȥˣ˿̶Է֪ͨ飬һҲԼԺûµĻǧҪװƣװ⻰һ㲻١
ǿ˵ȥĻһġܴ鱾˵ûʲôǴ˿޹һվ׸ȥ˵ġ׸ǿȽϣ޹Ȼƫ׸ģ˵ˣ鲻УңҪڲ£һɲһ򵥵顣
׸ˣǿҲˣҲ䶨ˣȻҲûٿȥıҪˡһһ䣬һûʲô飬еĻһó˵һ˵Ҷҡͷԣһ⿴˼ͺһۣȻʵ͸㻹ûʲôҪ˵
ҡûʲô˵ͺ˵߳һ֡
˿Ķмս˵ʵͷ滹û׾ʲôء֮ǰ׸úúõģºúôһһţôҷһĶֵϣ˵Ļ׸˵Ļʹ
벻ǿȴһƥӰ·ɱ˳һھֱһǱ˵üͺǲ⣬׸֮ǰ˵ú޲֪ģҲǷǳ޳ɵġôһ죬¾ͷһٰʮȵĴתأǲףм便ʲô⡣
Ųף׸ҲһףղžͲǿֱӸˣŭᶼûп꣬ǰ볡ȥ޹ˡ
һͺҲϢˣǱɢˡ
ص칫ԺһǿģѾüˣǽˣûܵκӰ죬εȻղǿ˵쵼֮ԲôˣΪǵ̫ϤǴҶó쵼ǻǸһӵġ
һĻ˭еûҪս´Ȩ쵼ӵˣǸУȻ£ǲǳԱ˳ŵ
Ժ󣬴һصԵİ칫Ժ󣬶Լİ칫ǰȥֿտգ£ʵϴҵͷԶڸٵתţ˼Ÿոշڻ᳡ϵһĻ
÷˿̵Ǻܷɵģӻտʼʱһƪۿʼµ˽һᷢʲô׸ͼͺְѴƵǽǵʱ򣬺÷ʼվһӦкеģΪʼտκλҵı飬ȡ֮һоյĵ
ǿԺȻڴһķչֱ׸߶ϯһƺȥʹûʲôϵǲϣ÷ʼվӦ֮ǰϢ򲻿ܴʼն˵ǿе̫ϳ
÷ĺܶ࣬ȴ׼ȥһȷϣĻпԷķС˭Ҳ뱻˲£ο÷ڻϵһɣǿǵ͵İԻȻҲ뱻ˣ˷ˡ
÷֮ҪЩŪһʵǾϻȻվˣϰıֶΣӦȥĺ˽ģΪϾδϢϢأɲȥע
Ҫ˵÷δѵĻ˿̿ɾǸмˡѾȥص׼ˣ벻һ̻Ժ˾ͷ˸Եת䡣˵˵쵼ģȴ׼һǴڱʲôҪȻ쵼ô粻ģģܸոոߴԺһˡȻпܾһɺϣȴھûɺϵڵġ
˿̻˵ǼģһΪһǻɯɯһ˾ͷˣǿᣬ飬ֻҪǴҼеһģԺһͬһ칫ҵ˶һ뿪ǰмľ룬ҲǺ޵ģȴͻ䣬ɢԺ󣬴ҪȣҪϺ󣬷Ͳǲţòп˹˼
ΪͻɯɯȻͬ׸ˣ֮䲢ûʲôеĻ˿Ҳ˼ߵһȥĻ˵ĸоǿ˺ʹƵģ˵ʵ˻ûôĵӡ
ص칫Ժ˵֪֮˭Ըڴ֮ͥ£׸ɾζǽ봦ˡ˶Ը⿴ĽǾ˽ԺǸûֲ̿


ʮ 
ĹУʲôҲû׸ͺ˰죬ʧܶաѵɺϻܽ͵Ƕڻ켣ͷˣɶи˳Ƶġ
״˺ǲȥǽһ£ָνأԺ˼һ᲻أһĻпֺܸ߲ãǿ棬ͷˡ
Ϊ°Ժ󣬴绰ͻɯɯϵһ£˵֮ǰûʲôϵ˿̿һϵƣԻһ£Ȼپô죬Ӧ޺ġ
һȻ˿̸ոսһ⣬ǲûоʹ˷ɾ裬Ȼòŵϵٿʵעȴȫſڡ뿴׸ʲôʱϵı顢ɫΣ˵Щûʲô̫Ӱ죬֪֪ˣܹûʲôɡ
֮ĽȻ׸·磬Ҳ˵ʲô⣬ԺĻǡһǰ׸ʰˣ֮Ͳʱ̹עŶԷĶб޻
һ˴ԼСʱң׸شһſ߹ȻֻæһۣһظоԷɫǲãֱһƬҡ޹Ժ󣬽һ˽ȥԲŻ˲ˬ
һĵϣԺܹ֪ѶˣúõԼĹã˳ɼĻҵ϶й⡣Ҫ˰Ѿûû˵ڶ棬Ķʱ;ȥæĿǰһҪöԷʹ˰ֵĻûпܣǾֻܼȥˣһ˵Ҳ㣬ֻһһˡ
ϰԺ󣬺÷һİ칫һᣬûж˵ʲôֻһл͸ˡһ֪Էֻһ̬ѣվӵľġͨʱĹ۲죬Ժ÷ӡиĹۣԷӦûġ˵һϢ˭ҲԸһˣ˹ؼʱ̣Ҫָվ˵Ļǲܵġڿ÷ӦһģһĻһͷȥһ
÷˲Сʱһİ칫ұһ̧ͷһվſڵľȻΪͻɯɯ⵹е⣬תһ룬Ҳе˵ˡ
һİ칫ֻ˶ʮҵʱ䣬Ϊʵûа취ˣ˵ʲôǲǵģȲ˵ãҲòãֱӰ˵ˡΪͻɯɯĥһᣬʵûа취ˣֻù˵һټ˳
һ˲ԭģҪǶǵܲðԴӸղŻϵ֪׸Ժе⣬ҲûжʲôϾ׸ڸɲҲһˣмҲǺ顣
һ㣬һ뵽ǲ׸ⰲţҲǵӾ澭ݵթĿǰҲûпܡ
ΣˣĹͶһҲ׼ǡǳʲôģ֪ˣ׸ͶһʵǿĴڣҲһշץҩˣȻõġ
ͨΪͻɯɯ飬ǲѿվӵĻҲýʱͷʽ˵ֻҪ򵥵ȥ쵼ǶľˡʱĽʵ䷴
һһԺ׼վˮȣղŻɯɯģһûиᡣ
վߵ輸ǶҿƿǣˮƿͻȻֻһյֻ֪֯˲࣬Դֻģһ㶼ˣȰˮƿһߣæȥӵ绰ˡ
ֻԺһһİֻ룬ʶΪǶԷˣϣ뻹˽ֻ˵ιãһǣ
ǺǣһǺϡ绰洫һŮ
ԭɩѽããһһ绰ͷȻǺϣæʺšΪ˿һҪ飬ϴϵʱ򣬶ԷѾҺÿԺĵַˣʱȥһµģ˳װ֮һ£ʱӦ˵ͺϵġ
˭̸֪һ࣬æŽӴФޣѺͺϵˡڶԷȻ绰ˣȻ֮䲻˼֡
ȴûмƽЩڵ绰һǰʱ䣬һطпڲʺϸԺеò⣬һʱȥ
һæڴӦʺʲôʺʱ䡣ѾʧԼһΣȻҪضԷ
˭֪Ļ˵ʲôʱʱ䣬Ϳһʱ䡣
һһԺ˵Ǿϰɣɩ㿴ô
Уʱҵ绰Ц˵
һӦһԺ󣬱ͶԷ˵ټ֮ҪԼϣʱһйԺҪȻʱͺϹȥʱʲôҲףǲϹ󹦷
ʲôģŮ˹ע飬һȻ˽⣬˵һֱͳȻЩҲע͵һҪŶԷıߣȻ׼
ʱ䣬϶һ֪ⷽʶҸʱٺ̸ϵһ£һص֪ʶһ̸꿶ⷽ滹е˽ģÿԼʱóԷ϶˾Ĵ硣
⣬ҲҪ¸һ֣һһ滹Ҫͺϵһ£ȷһ˺顣


ʮ 
ϵԺһԼһ裬ɳϻ췢飬е֮С
һ£׼е޷ʰ鿪ʼ֮׸һͱ˵̬ơԺôǽˣ£һҲᶨɳһΪġ֯д޿ĺ¬֧֣治û˭
һһʱעҪŵ޿ϴνˣʡί֯ԣһҴҹͣòһͷճСֻҪѺö棬Ľȥˡ
޿ĽȻһºʵ壬ΪĻ׼һҲǶԷһ죬Ҫ໨˼档ȻҲ⿿쳵Ǹ㲻Ҽ˹һ£һķȻٽо
һʱ䣬ÿͨʱˣֻ˹ȥ֣ˣֻߣСһЩĻҪ˵ù̶绰ĻҲ㣬˾Լһʱ䣬ÿʱͨ绰
һͨ绰Ժ󣬸ͷʹ֣Ϲûң
һ󺹲ѣ˵Ů˻Ժ󣬸˵ĹذʼʱΪȻʱͨ绰ǳˡҿֻһڣҪһڵĻղ֣仰һࡣ
һԺһͰѺϸԺӡ˭֪֣Ц˵һ׼˵أϽʹ绰ˣ˵ˡ˼ʱ仳ˣ˲ͣˡ˵ʽʲôģ˵ʱҲҪǳˣһеһӦ˵ǮĻֺ컹֡
һæ˵Ļƺе㲻װɣȻССֵģʲôƺҲе˵ȥɣ
ѽҲôģԲô죿֣е˵⡢ģһϲͨȻ˵ԺҲúǲף벻ô졣
һһ£˵֮ǰһ˸50ǰɣ֣һԺ˵ɣϹȥʱ򣬴һ50ĿϽ㣬Ϻϵһ£˵Ƿ˼Ͳܾˡ
֣󣬾ⲻһڴӦ˾һлһߴߴӹҵ绰ˣͨѶĶз䣬̥ãΪá
Ҷϵ绰Ժһϵһ£50¸ˡȻߴմյĻҲֹиʲôͻ¼ʱ򱻶ãȽһ㡣
æЩԺһȥ鷿˵ԡû¼Ĺ壬úúоһ£ԺصĶ˵϶һЩ̸ĶʲôС˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ƽʱЩһ鶼ѵһۣϸоһֻͦ˼֮ǰһֱиоŮ˻ճȻƯȴ˵Ů˵ʮԺ󣬾ͱעرʹˣĻͼпܸʱĽŲˡ
ԺΪʲô̸꿡ܿעػױԭˣԭôһ˵ĻϺӸԺĻӦǰǺֹ۵ġǧԺ󣬻ĹľڷٷչǵԽԽˣ˿ܲһôע󣬶ŮȻ׻˵ŮüݣΪԼøࡢƯǲĿڴĳƱģʲôŮ˾ҪԼһ㣬˵Ҳ˼
һоʮһ࣬ϴ˯⼸СʱѼʽѧϰԿԺһЩעҲһŵ˽⣬ŶԺ뺫ϵļ桢һİ
ڶ죬һһͰѺ÷۾˹÷ͱʾҪվˣ۾Ҳͨϴθĸӡ֤飬ӵر̬ȣһһᡣ
һҪԺ϶¶ϲ֮⣬쵼˵Ҫ˼Զ׼ĸΪǿңΪҪȥˣһתۣòƶĶת䣬֮УͬʱҲᶨһҪڴúøȥľġ
һ˵ıԺЦ˵ҿɺǣͷɣЭȻؼǴҪЭǽףǲ쵼ֱӽϣܹԽȡɳɼ쵼ǵ
⻰Ժ󣬺÷תͷ˿۾Ȼ˵Ҵ˱̬һ߾ȫȥһʱһһϸؿԱŵİ칫ϣʱָ˵ǰɣ
۾˺÷Ļͷǡ
һ󣬺ܿĵ˵Уһܳɫ⵱ҪʲôĻǿֱҡǰСʱĻԴҵĵ绰ҵֻǡ
һĻæóֻѴĺ˽ȥ÷ʵ֮ǰѾһĺ룬Ծ´洢һ顣֮ǰģ쵼ʽ֪ɴһ
һİ칫ҳԺ󣬺÷ͷԸ۾꣬ڿʼͷȷһţȫ˼սϰԺСͷһ£¾ô졣
ĻԺ۾궼ͷʾͬ⣬Ȼ˱Եİ칫ȥ


ʮ պ
ͺڿſڵλã԰Ѻ÷Ļ˶ղһк÷۾ȥʱͺ֣һżæŵģʲôأ벻ǣ۾ǸСŮƽʱģ벻ξȻҲվһǱȥˡѵҪˣͺʵ
һź÷˳ȥԺ󣬶豭ڲԺ󣬱绰˹ȥ
ӵһĵ绰ԺЦ˵һѽǻ뵽һȥҸ׼绰Լϼ棬ʹˡ˵ʲô¡
һҲЦ˵Уûʲô£ϴκ˵ģ׼Ƿֺʮͱ˺ϸһԺ׼һſǮ棬㿴ô
Уģһȥ졣˵Ҫ˵ľϴҰ飬ڳ˲ٵطҵһĵص㣬Լһȥ㿴ô
У°Ժٺϵһŵ绰˵ҲҪѴõĻѡַǷǳҪģѾ׼¡Ҫѡ겻ĵطĻԴٺã۸ٵͣҲûжٹ˿͹ȥһһ£Ϻһȥ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһĸоһƣ֮УΪʡԺһʱģڿòƱںʱҪæҲм֮УĿǰƣȥҲӦóеΰɡ
ٽ°ʱһ˸绰ϵһ¡˵һͻ̸飬ߵһٽԷһӦԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
һʱ䣬һҲ׼ٳȥˣڰ칫ˡ򿪵Ժ󣬸׼Ϸ͵׼绰̸꿵ģһæˣϵĵ绰Է˹ȥ
̸꿴˿̸յңһһĵ绰æߵȥˡ˿һۣҲû̫⡣ֻҪ̸ÿ°ʱǮOKˣҪעġ
̸һʻԺ󣬲֪ԭ׼Ժ֪ݷĶһԶȫ˵˳һģȻﵽСʱ֮ãҪ̸ĸ̸꿳ˣ˵ȥ
һҶϵ绰ԺڵϿһţʱˣٽˡԺѾˣⳡϵļѣһͨԺԺ󣬱Դɢˡ
һһỹ飬Ըղϵʱ򣬶ɢԺһҲÿˣֱİµϡ
˳Ժ󣬶һ˵һҵĵطҵֵĶͷ̩·пӦû㲻֮ǰһҾƵ꣬ϰԺ󣬾һֱǶֲ̫Ը⣬Ȼ˲٣ȴû֡ǰѾϰĶ̸ˣòǼҳԺϵǮҲ߰˰ˣ˵ҪֱΪʮꡣҸһȥһ£ٸ𸴡
һ⻰Ժһ£˵磬˵ʵģȻҶ׼úøˣʱԽӦԼáһĻڼ۸滹ѹһѹ˵ǰɣ
߿߻شҲôģҲзգǿҵֵĶͷм䣬ҴͬһϣƱػˮݣҵĵǣھĹУҪǴ·Ļһ޺ͬڣҪĻɾͲôˡ
һ˵ĻҲȷʵмֵϾˣԿܸΪܵһ㣬ڷһ飬ǸעءȻ׼ͶʣǱѿķնǽȥԺڵĻǿǻ֮ˡ
һһۣЦ˵磬˵һ仰ǵĿʡľµĻҲʲôϢˡǺǣ˵ǰɣ
΢΢һ㶣һ£شһѽȻ˵ӦҲ˵̳սɶͶȥһĻǿ޵ĵطûС
֮ǰѾˣһҪѸ˵Ķһ˵һǸӦöû⣬֪̳գΪ̳ˣӦ㹻ѡ
һĻԺ󣬾бҪϵݺ˵һ˵ԶԷҵġԺһЦ˵磬иһֱû˵ǹǸݵ⡣ȻԺҪһҲбҪһ
⻰ԺһϴƣһֱһѺܸȤҲŲ˼Թĺˣһһųˣһ˼ҪԷˣеСڴ
һһЦ˵⣬ĸ׽ԽǻβΡ
һȻȽţˣǾӺ͵طϾ¡ط޷־ӵ飬ͬӵ˶ԵطϵӰҲ޵úܣҪǿĻǱߵҲһ
һıԺ֪Էе㲻ΪȻǽ˵ˣǸ㣬պ
պһ⻰Ժ͵һӦУȻպĺֵܶ࣬һµؽܵģǱ۾ҲܲµôˡֲһλһֱƳ磬ԭǻʡίǺҢĳ֮ǰĵľͲˡ
һЦ˵˵һϵܣе㲻صôڲŰôҪϢңһںϹģλͷĻǻʲôù˼ɵأǶˡ


ʮ й
һ⻰ԺЦЦȻ˵磬ҲҪҵѴȻҪ͵һ㣬˵ǰӦǵ飬ӦҲŰɡҵүӶǲ£λҲڱ˺ܶ๤ŵɹġ£֪ˣҪ˵ˡ
ģ֪ôġ˵˵ǰѷӦпǺúóһѷͷ˾˵أ
ǺǣҲΪ˸˲СĴۣҪȻҲòűġһЦ˵
Ļ䣬ѳһ˵һ㿴ǶԷ׼ĵطò˵пǲѽ
һ˳ָķȥȻһƬ޺ƵİΧУһƬڵĴڣԷĽҲǺܿ졣ĵضȷʵܲҵֵĵضΣ֮ǰôûעõأ㷢ֵĻԺ󣬲ʲôƶ׬ġ
ҵǰӦͶ˽ģọ̈̄ʼʱһЩС̣žļӾ磬С㣬ʣĻʵȽۺĴƷƵרꡣȻҲͿ֪ˣ̵һӪҵơͿһֵģһӪҵԺĻ𱬳̶ȿ֪һ뵽Ժ󣬲üͷ
˿Ѿѳͣ·ߣһһı飬һ£˵Ҫа취ͺˣĿǰƿֶͨѾˡѾ˴ˣһ֮ǰ˫ЭѾǩˣʱǻû׼أ
˵Ǿһ˼ǵģһһʵһ棬֪ߵǿ󱳾ԺҲȷʵеĶ
ڽ͹˳˵е˽ģҲŸոģڰƬеҪʵĻұвСĲࡣ붯ǵĻԲʲô¡
һȻҲ˼ȥҸġϲŸոջԲǣһҲųκһжԼĹɣܲÿһ֣ģֶͨΰѶԷſĻԼҲһõġ
һЩûдԷĻ磬ֿǸߴģĺӰЦ˵߰ɣҲȥǵĵ̣ܹⳤ˵־Լ硣ǻûиأϾ˼ˡ
ӶԷĻУһܰϣеȥɣȻмʧҲû̫⡣ȻһҪķ棬ҲܾʹȫҪôǾϻ
ҰοһԺµϳʻȥǰʻ˴Լһ幫ңѳͣһ˵ˡ˵߰ѳϨƿȥһҲ˳
㿴ˡ˵ָָһ¥һĿȥⴱ¥ȷʵܴ󣬽кüǧƽףλþҵֵͷӦ˵ĵƻǲģĺ̩·ϣкüСأӦ˵ͦġ
һ󣬿˵ҾĵҲѽҪúõĻһͱǱ߲
ŶԼãʵ
ѽǿǴҲǴͳУʲô˲ҪԴȻǾӼסǱȻҵֵģȴûʲô͵СȻ̩·Ͽкü͵СӦ컪ͥˮ¡֮ġһһ˵˺üС֡
⻰Ժ󣬿һ˵һѽ˵ȷʵмֵǾİ嶨ˣ㿴ô
У鷳ˣҲ˲ϣǱ߸̸ˣ˻ҪʱܻأһǸ˵
ˣ֮Ǻϵ㻹ںʱ򣬾Ѿöˣ㲻˰ɣ˵ȻĻٺ˵ЩԵеˣ԰ɣ˵Ժһת˵һ˵ʵҸм㻹أҪǸˣ۴ĸ˵ҶǴ飬лˣ
һĻЦ˵磬ղŵĻ˵֮Ǻϵ˵Ļɾͼˡ˵Ժһ£磬˵ʲôģȴ㿴ôϱߣҲ˵¡
æ˵ϵѽԽ˵Խˣ¸нˣôĿɽѵһ˲ɡ˵ʵֻҪͷʹǮĻȫû⡣
֮ǰԼǮһ˵ѵԺ͸ıˣؼԺүӻ㱨һ£üŵʽһĻһԽ˺ͺҳϹϵһ棬ԽһδӰ˵ĵλǴŵҲҵĺ£һ˵һлҲΪ
һĻЦŵ˵ͷ漴ǿһ䣬Ҳֻҵ뷨ģһҪٹͨһ£ˣϡ
һ˵ԺĬ飬һǿƵһҪμģ˵ָλӦһء
һᣬһ֧̣ϳȥˡһͻصٽ󣬿ʱ䲻ˣһæȷʵеۣȥݸ裬һҲͬˣһ¥ϴԡȥ
ϴԺһпһ治಻ʮһлԺ󣬾Ͱѿ˰
һصԺѾʮһˣʱôؼҵġԺ󣬵ϱ˯ˣһҹ޻


ʮ ڰеĵ绰
ڶ°֮ǰһͺϵһ£֪ԷڼأǱ˵ȥһ£˵аɣʡٿϿ۾ӾˣĳƺŶ٣Ҵ绰˵һ£ҪȻܽ
һϴȥ޿ļ龰ҪǸڴǰкȥ뵽ԺһæԼĳƺ˺ϡ
°ʱԺһĥһᣬ¥ȥ׸ϴȻһ󣬵Ǿʹ˰ֵģκ飬СΪʡԱ¶ˡ
һѳ´ʱ򣬹ȻС侯һ˵ȥǼҵġˣԷϸ鿴֤ʻ֤ʻ֤һ侯ϸһĳƺţȷԺ󣬲ŻַС
һڶ´ˣڸովϸļ飬оεպҪϴθΪࡣͣűſԺûнȥֱӸϴһ绰
̤뻴ʡĴţǶٹٳ飬һôΪðȻȥĻҲǲԣؼȥԺʲôأ˵һʵ䷴ãǲŽء
Ͻӵһĵ绰м⣬ΪԷ˻ϸš벻ԷſԺ󣬾Ȼֻһ绰úϲһ߿ۡСĸ״һкˡ
ϳԺ󣬾͸һĵں̩·ϣǱвٵСҵζͣǱߵӦ㹻һ󣬾öԷ˵еǿ˵ɩӣ뷨ôǻȥʵؿһ
󣬵˵ͷҲд⡣ȻѡĵطϾ֮ǰûп꣬еûʲôţټϲߣҸûУһ
һϺ̩·Ժ󣬱㲻֪ôˣϼ״䵱ʱԱһֱٽ·ͷʱ򣬺ϲŽһͣһѾĵطԶˣǱ˶Է
˵ǵĴ׼ҵֵĶͷݵҲ׵ľ룬Ҳǿġ
һ³һѡطǲһЩŮװƷƵꡣֵŮʿһ٣ټЩƷƶǱȽϵεģȻһóġһϵεԺĻһǵġһԺ󣬱Լ뷨˺ϡ
ԺЦ˵һûǵЩ֮ѡҪΪ˶࣬һǺмֵ
һᣬϳˡԺ󣬶һ˵һǾôˣؼԺ󣬺˵һҸٴ绰
ãɩӣһؼҾ͸һ˵ߴӰóſ˵ɩӣҸģ˵Ѿ˵ˡ
Ҳûн飬ӹԺЦ˵ӣҸ˵ˣƫҪôû취
һóĻһ˵ɩӣһһ룬ʱ䲻Ӧ죬ˣʲôҪæģ浽ˣ˵װʲôģͽˣиѾģʱֻҪѾҪ˵ˣŰ졣
УɩӾͲװʲôģҲȷʵ˵Ĳʲôģǰʱϸȥеʱ򣬿˲ٵ棬еˡЦ˵
һæ˵Ǿͺãʲôʱ׼ʼװ꣬ǰ绰ҾˣΪֱ졣
˵Ժһʱ䲻ˣ뺫ȥһ˸ȻѶԷͻ˼ҡ
һĳ´ʻԺһµɣһͳֻһ룬Ȼֻ˶ߡ
绰ͨԺֻ˵ϰ壬ѾھһŴԺߡ˰׵λãĸո뿪ѾղǸŮˣֻһˡ
ֻ漴һ˻Ƶȷǽ´ɸҿ׼ˣҪǸĻҿһǮḶġ
󣬼ˣֻ˵ǲ´㵽ʱƬ֪ˡ˵Ժ͵ʶʲôæѹ˵ƭıҪֻԷľͷ֮ıֺȥûʲôϵ
ˣֻҪȷ´ˣûʲôϵڽˡǸ˻Ƶ˵ˣƬϴϵʱٺϵ
Уҵһ뱨ꣿæʵ
Ǹٲģ뱣֤Ƭģ㲻ǸϳɵŪңǵʱ򣬱ҷˡ˻ƵȻʲô˽̽ţòҲʲô̫Ѿ顣
˵ϰ壬˵ɾŲˡӺǲˬ˵ȻĻ㵱أ
ˣˣЩûõˣģʱ˵ұֻ֤ҪƬģҾ;ԲǮ˻Ƶͷ˵
ӹҶϵ绰Ժģһﲻʡ͵ĵƣҵöһۣҪǮûĵһ֧̣һԺ󣬺޺޵˵ãô죬˵Ӳְҵ£ɶҵġ
˵Ժѻûİ֧һ˦Ȼ󷢶ɣѸʧҹĻС


ʮ ҲǺ
һصԺ趼ûϴæӴһ绰պͺȥԺַ˶Է
֣˵ԺʹܽʱҲܿģھӪԺͬʱԾȥտһ¡һЦЦûгԴ
Ҷӵĵ绰Ժһִ˸绰ϣѴѡַ˶ԷҲܿģһ뷨Ǻ޳ɵġ˵׼ͶԷ̸ϸڣһѿϸȴһȥ
һæ˵ˣѾˣӦװʲôģӦòˣģ˵ɡ
Ҳûж˵ʲôϾ֮ǰѾˣ˺㣬˭Ǯνһ£ŵ绰˵һѽϴκ˵ߵ黹ûи㶨ܻȥʱ仹һơ
һ˵νѾȸˣ̫Ӱ졣
󣬺Ǹж˵һлԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
һ˵һºԺģһ룬˼ҷ֮飬ĶõԼȥ£Ҳˡ
ӣһǳæµһǴ飬һǴԺ顣Դϴ׸ͼͺݺݵسһԺ˲ˣ׸ڴĹǲŲʡһεоͼӴһǿȡ
һԷô⣬룬ôɣͷ̫һ㡣˵ССһںسʱǶжʱҲӣҲһһеʰþ
һȻæµһ㣬Ը׸ôŲȥһĻȻ£ҲᳶȣɢһľǶ˵ҲǶһ֧֡
˵Ժ飬춼æźͷǩЭ飬ͺ϶һһȥģǺߣЩһ֪Զһڳǡ
һȥҪΪ˱⵱вûв˽һˣЩȽϽĹֵܣˣضŵİõɹģǾͲˡ
һЩν飬ִҪôû취ֻùˡ
һϰԺԵһᣬ÷ʹ۾߽һİ칫ң㱨ġܽӵԺǾȫԸæ׼ˣֱŻΡϵʱԼһС棬ѷϸһ飬ȷûʲôԺ󣬲ŸԻؼҡ
һ̬ȣɵð˵ͷЩֻҪһõ̬ȣĶĶȥ
ʮҳļƻɨۣ˳һָɳӣ˵ѽɵվŸԺԼҵطҿûкǡ
ԹĻԺֿ˻Ȼó⻰˼ǾǸûǵˡ
˻һۣﶼûа׷ѣٴѾϿˣɱʲôǿ
÷һ£бҪ˵ʲôСȻΪͷģбҪѴҵ࣬쵼㱨΢΢ǰ㣬ЦŶһ˵˵ˮƽޣһֱϲŶ壬ܻвٵĴͲ㣬ָ
һ⻰Ժһղ̬Ⱥ棬û뵽ǼȻϢյʱæµġ״ԺһЦ˵λˣ¶ԺҸǳԷʾл
һǰԺ󣬺ǿģǵĸõϰϿɣûб˸˵ˡҪ˽ǳԷʱæ˵ӦģôԷأ
ôƲѽһЦ¾ôˣץʱƻ鿴꣬Ȼʲô뷨Ļٺǽ
УæǾȻȥˡ÷Ц˵
һ˵ͷǷݼƻˣ˴İ칫˳ȥʱ˵ͣͷû̧һ¡֮ôȻǹΪ֮ͨߺ÷۾꣬ǰǵԼ˿ģȻҪЩͷԵĶ
˳Ժ󣬻һۣ˵ͷԺ󣬱Եİ칫ȥһһϯԺ˵ﶼȺġʱģҪʵߣһ򵥵ʺǼá
һ˳Ժ󣬰ϵļƻ·ղŵⷬɣҪһ̬ѡĩڼҲ˼һ𴲵ʱ򣬾ûе㲻ԾҪٺúÿһڿ˸ķӰ죬û˼ȥԼˡ
һҪµĻǵ뵽ȥڰ칫쳵ǿ϶ǲеġһǰںִӦļ飬˵ᳵ·ʽһ׵Ļ粻㣬˲Ʋ˵ؼǴﲻҪﵽĿġ
Ȼ˼·ˣô㣬ȴƿƵģסһ˺һԺ󣬽Ǻ֮ǰһһмֻģȰԼķһߣ˸ⶫ˵е
һ죬һϾˣ߿߰Լ뷨ȥ֪䣬ѾĵĿȫˡعͷٿһʱ򣬲ŷִʱķѾǲҲ̶ãڶûȥ޸ĵִӡһ飬Ȼٺһۡ
صԺһ鷿棬ⷽǰϸһ飬ֺ÷ĳһȥ찵õǿеġ
СҪĵȻȶҪӹ緽֣һĻȶĴͲıˣҲϴ޿Ҫ


ʮһ ֵͷһ
ʡί֯ɲҪְܾǸ𿼲ʡϽм쵼Ӻ쵼ɲأУ͸ʡҼĵְӵ䱸ɲְͽĽ飻ί֯͸ʡйۺϲְĿ졢˹
ɲͺٸһôЧͻԣԼʱոڻ֮ǰĶ򣬿˵һá
뵽ʱһǺģ漴뵽ӦԳͰΪһĻҪ䱸ӦӲ˵¼豸ȣõʱץеˡ⣬ǵһԵ㣬һ㣬ӰԽСȽ׿ơ
һ˼·ȫԺ󣬲мְ֮С֯Ȼ⺺˼·ȫǸݴ޿ĵҪģ˾ʵʩĻյЧġ
һԵԭһ£ʵʵڵ飬ܵõ쵼Ĺעӿɲʲô˶ġ뵽Ժһﾹһָһ׵ĳ嶯źǣ˿εӰֻ뷨Ȼǲʵġ
һ˼ͷԺǿģҹ˻ǳֵͷأͺˡ
׸һ´˶ν棬ʧܸա֮ǰòɣЩ飬˵öԷ̫Խͣһÿôãδ̫е˵ȥˡ
е㻳׸ǲһ֮ĶҲȥ鿴һϣĶʵ̫ͨˣ⣬һ㡣
ҲɶԷǲʲôźǺصϢһһƬհסĸȻǷʳˣ͸üͺе֮ˡҪһĸڻʡڵĻе취˼Զڰʡɾ޿κˡ
Ȼӵ棬ʲôͺǲҵġûи㶨Ժȥ׸Σô졣Է֧֧ģû˵îüͺǲ׸վŵĿ޹ǲǿ˵޸һҲûа취һĻʲôҪٺͶԷأǲǳԱ˳
ͺ˿̺ìܣͶһ벻ͶԷԣһĻ׸Էͬùӳԣͺʱᵽʲôﻢ¡Լ϶ˣϣʲôԼⲻˣǻá
֮ǰͺ׸֮Ĺϵֻһ㣬ϴڵʱ׸һæͨϴ޹ߣĿˡֱϴԺۿҪˣתͷ£ͺ
ͺôԶ£ˣˣ;ȻҲûʲôߵˣҲãҲգҲûʲôϵҲûҪ㡣
׸ּͺԺ󣬱㶯ԽüͺҪΪûκˣҪûʵܼ򵥣ֻҪһŵĿ̬꣬ȻȻؾͻᷢ仯üŵĿ꣬ʵңͺǶĸԱˣҪʲô׸֪
һξƺһøĽͺ׸ԭȵĮȻУĵһ´ʣ֤Ժ׸ָʹеԭԷܸĶȻҪӦı̬ŷϽԭ򡪡ݻ
׸ǳȷظ߼ͺֻҪϴλãǸͷǼͺĪҪ˵ĻͺδûĶ⻰׸ĻǺǷǳ֮ġ
ȣԷΪһδǴұ۵ģЭģ쵼ȻҪĻ׸ĻѡȷоصãΣ׸޹ĹϵǳãͺǷǳģټ޹ֹܵģĻһ仰顣
Ժɣͺصظ׸ˡȻ֮ԷĴȻûнֱһΣͺŷò̴е̫ˣȻ뷨
׸˼ͺҡˣйͨ˵ε⣬һ˹ʺˣʡίУʱһٱϰ忴ˣ˭Ҳûа취飬޹ҲȡֻҪĸȱʱͿ油ȥ˵ˣѾˣֻʱûкʵλãȻһ
ͺ׸һԺ˼ֿʼˣ׸ûаϵֻǸ⡣Էһ˵⸱ƺϣȻЩ˼׸սˡ
ʱսͺеˡһʼ׸ñŲУͺܲΪȻҲ֤Ĺ۵ȷġ׸㲻ûκЧһ˼ȥݺݴ֮ᡣһг壬ͺͿˣ飬ûˣһη֮顣
ڰص£׸ϸԺ󣬲ȷһУҲõ޹׿ϣӦƲͺΪһݺһͷʮþȵ飬˭֪ͷˮһա


ʮ ֵͷ
ǿһϯǵŬ׸ʼǲȥ޹Ȼǿݺһ٣Ҳ׸ȷ£ǴϰרġǿȥһҲȷʵ˼
׸ϢԺ󣬶ʱתͺʱͳһҡ׸˵е㲻֮Уͬڼͺ˵Ҳˡ
ͺǰԺӲô˵׸ҲˣȻǸȷʵԼ˵ֻҪĸпȱͿԳΪһ֮·߲ͨĻ޹һҲ볷ģ֮¶׸˵ҲǸʱ⡣˵ˣֻҪλðЩӣǨˮɵ顣
ͺԼòƾͲôˡ׸ԹҲϾӦ飬˵Ǿлˮ£һҲΪûǨĻᣬԼ´ԣǲǳԱ˳
ͺĺܲˣرҹ˾ʱìڵ޷ߣϰһرԹԼ˯˺ú˯ǳˡһֱ°ҹʱ򣬼ͺǳǳ˯˹ȥ糿ʱ򣬾˹գ۾һֱ𴲣Ҳû˯š
һ£Եڶһߵһ͵˰칫ҡҲյ׼ɨءһʱһ룬Īǳʲôˣϴôô磿
֮ǰԺҲ֪࣬ʲô¸ʵģʲô²ʵģﾡܺɻһԺ󣬻׼ȥıְˡ
һ״˵СأӼ򵥲һ¾ˣȻеҪ㡣
һ㶣ӦһԺ󣬾ȥϴĨˣȻѴ칫һԺ󣬾͹վһĸǰ
һ״վʾһɳ֮ô磬Ҫһԭ򣬾һ£Ϊ䱸¼¼豸롣
ͺ÷۾˶ȫ̲ƣӦﶼеģȽ϶ԣΪʵġ˱ϾŮͬ־һڿǶ֮ǧԱ
Ϊһ˽һЩڹ벻ԷһֱӾǹǸ飬һǸʽʵĸı䡣
֮ǰǸĿģľһ߹˼ͨµˣǸɲˡ˼ɾͱ÷ǳˣ׼䱸¼֮ģʱЩɶƳ֤ʽĴڣЩҪˣܡ
һ뷨Ȼ֮ܳ⣬ͷԻǷǳģϸһĥ״Ҫôԭˡ˼һԺ˵һ⣬һĻ͸˶Ϊḻں˾ʵʩĻܵ벻ЧǣһǳҪ⣬ǱҪǵ
Ŷʲô⣬˵һĻԺµʵ
һķԺһ飬϶е΢΢죬˼˵Ҿһ˵ҲпҶˡ
һŵı飬Ц˵ˣֲʲôʽĹ飬͵ĺˣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôָղǸʻе̫ʽˣеˡ
һ˵Ժŷһ£˵ҵ˼˵ȥĻ׺͵طϲìܣʱ׳һЩ֮ĻǵĹڱ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷĻǺģҲһһĲ˵ˣҪ봦Ļôʲô쵼ֵ֧ȣ˵øֱһ㣬ȡڴ޿ĵ̬ȡ
ǸɲȥĻȻأ޿ķĻǵطϻ˭Ҳӡʡίί֯ķ˭ҲСƹʡĹñӣ˭Ļ룬ǿǻˡ
£һȻӣȴ˵һ£ǵ˵쵼ֻø˵ʵʩ⣬ʱ˵ɡһᣬǶԺһٺúõĥһ£ϸûʲô⡣
УҾȹȥˡվ˵
һ΢΢˵ͷ漴Ҳվ칫ǰȥһƨϰԺһ˳˼ղȻ˵Ѻ÷۾йһһ£ʵѾ䶨ˣҪǰԼ뷨ȥ޸ľˡ
ڣҪĥǴ޿Ķ飬һʲô̬ȡԼȥµ̬Ӧһ㣬˵ôĿʲôһͲö֪ˡڵļ𻹱Ƚϵͣ漰ʡ顣
һĻֻҪ⣬޿Ӧʮа˾Ż֧ٴġĹؼֱȥĻֵֵãҲһΪĵط˵ʵڵĿ͸һڣһϴ绰¬ϵһ£Ŀ
˺ԺһĻҲѧ˴ӲͬĽǶȥ˼⣬˵Ǿ˼У̫еˡȻҲ˿ʵĻϣû¬ʽ쵼ڣһҲˮ


ʮ Ӳ֦
ϰԺûһᣬͺͺ÷۾һİ칫ҡһϸذԼ뷨˵һ飬ֱȷѾȫˣŰ֡
˼һûʲôԸˣ׼ȥˡվԺ󣬺÷һ˵ȥԺ󣬾ϸоһ£Ȼ޸ģӦþͿԽ㡣
һһ˵ϸоһ£Ļθ꣬Ͳ׼ٶˣʱ䷽棬ûҪô
һ⻰Ժ󣬾һ㶣ؼǵܶԷսʱǸоżúܣôһܣֲˡȻţ쵼ô죬ôɣֻҪ쵼ķԸȥˣ˵ģҲûá
һ֮˲ҪôŰóҲǺ֮ǰйϵһҪ¬ϵһ£Էһ棬ԼҲúúĥĥôŸΪס
ڸһˣһڳ׼һ¼ͺ顣ۺʱ䷢飬ӾðѶԷȡǼΪҪģʡܺ׸һǿ׳һ¡һȻǣĻǾͲˣ˭ǹڡ
Ժһ˵绰ͺ˹ȥһṦͽ˴ҡſԺ󣬶һһԣͺæЦǰһ˵ң
顢ԼƺһҲϼͶ̬ȣƺҲڷĳָı䡣ҲЦ˵͸˵վһָɳͬʱԼҲվɳǰȥ
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һֵĻԺһģ⣬ı֮⻹ԣʱ֮佥Զĸԭ򡣷Ժһֵʱ򣬶ԷƺԸ˵ʲôԭء
ֶı֮鲻ǽղŲģҪȻҲ£ﻹԼ֪ͨ˶Էһﲻֶ˼ֺøС
ֵ̬Ȼҹͬ˿ĽǶȲһ˭ҲܿʲôöԴ˵һʳڹζ¥ܸɵ÷ˮģǺģȻȴΪȻֻ˵ֵ̬ͬڶ⡣


ʮ ζͬѧ
һȻƽֶ̬ȣǽٷȴܴӦԷΪ֮ǰѾԼˡ
һ˵£Բݣ뿪Цʵأ֪󴦳ܲܳʱ
һ⻰ԺĲˬļУͬѧ֮ӦǺܴģκιɫʵ֣ֵзǳĶ׵ˣͲȼŵ˼
ܶԷܲðһĵؽ͵ѽǲ˼Լһ̸飬ԡ
ָղŵı֣һΪԷ⻰Ժһܲس䡣벻ȴһ̬˵УæҸٺϵпյʱֵٺúþһۡ
ǰ仰ıֱּˣһ㲻һʵĶԷⲢӰضԷĻ
һЦ˵֣ɣҴ绰һݣ㿴ô
СŶе״ε˵Ҹϵɣ㹤ôæЩС£ˣֻҪʱ͹ˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬼ֱе⻹֮ͬĶԻֱ¼֮Żְֵķ֮һɲǼ䣬һ͵ؾòٺͶԷȥˣ˵һ䣬ˣǸϵټ
˵ԺûеȶԷػֱӹҶ˵绰ȶԷػĻ޷ҲһЩæҴֻһϻ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһѹ֣ϵ̺Уóһ֧ϻ𣬿ƶĵɫ΢һ㡣
һĵ÷ǳͶ·ֻصѧʱһ㣬ֻڵ绰˼䣬ֲ֮ء˵ǸȾףܰΣҲб治ģˣڶԴ֮ͬ鷽棬ڶǰһҶѧϰʱ̫
һڴæ֮͹Ҷ˵绰еʧԼղŵǾ仰˵е̫֪ˡǾ仰˵ԺԵؿԸоһ̬ȣ֮ǰȣ˺ܶࡣһţ쵼һҪעִ磬ǰͬѧѣˡ
˽⵽һڵԺ֮ȲغͶԷϵмҲԭġѧҵʱƾ׵ĹϵȥӦı֯һж˳
׵һս֯ĸԷҲӦ꣬еˣһְٰģΨԷհ˭֪вƣԷںһʱʧȥЭһְӣֱ㳹Ъˡ
֮ǰǸڱС²ˣȻ˵ʱˣֱԱ绯칫ҡ칫ҵƾ֪ǸģֿǱߵѼˣް취ͺͶĲһ£ʱѹǴڿȴСԸֻܷˡ
ںò˵ͬѣھȻΪʡί֯ɲĴ˼ȻͻˡʵҲûʲôԣڹٳײ켣С˵ĻᣬĺܲףȻ뷽跨غͶԷȡϵ˵ΪϵţԣǴŵҲҵĺ¡
һȻ֪ֵЩ˼ȻеС񣬵ҪûʲôĻͰһ£ͬѧ˾һۡ˵ʵôԺ˻лһҲӦ˵һԵˣӦϧ
°ʱԺһĥһᣬ׼ȥǱˣ֮ǰ˵ãԷֱǵˡͻȻڿ㶵ֻ͵ͳһһ̸꿵ĵ绰æ˽м֣ΪԷʱ绰Īǳʲô飬ҪȻ̸Ӧ֪Ϊæµʱһ㲻ϵġ
绰ͨԺ̸С˵ιһ̸꿣ʱе̸һ¡
һЦ˵ôеǲˣٺ٣ҺͼһԸȳԺȥϴǸ·ڽ㣬𣿡
ˣ㲻ҪȥˣֱȥļƵ꣬Ȼֻŷ㡣Ժֱӹȥ̸˵
һ΢΢һ㶣֮ǰУ̸Ƿǳɬģ벻Ȼ˵˴ֱӵĻеĿ࿴˼һһԺ󣬾;⣬̸һֵŮˣԲһھǿʲôġ뵽Ժһ㲻ͶԷЦˣӦһԺ˻ټ漴Ҷ˵绰
̸꿵ķԺһʶؾÿ֮飬ɷ򷢾ˣԷҪΪ̸꿣ŻԼ⡣תһ룬־µĿԲΪ֮ĹϵʵˣǻòֻҪ̸ÿ°˵Ǯˣ˵ٸ㶫ˡ˺һᣬǺͷһˣһ̸꿵ʱ˵ɡ
һԺǺͼأԺ󣬱кҳˡϳ֮ǰһ͵ⲻԶƵ꣬һ䲻֪ǾƵ꾿ǼǵģſڹʱӦõλǲġһỹҪȥļƵ̸꿣ֱԼĳ
ֱӾͰźˣԵԺֱӱߴ˰䡣һעһ£ҲܲټпںܺãǷ㣬⻹ͦģҪԤĻֱӹĻƿ϶ûˡ
꣬ӦķׯƵԽԽ࣬ÿҵܲһ淴ĳˮƽȷʵˡ


ʮ ʹ
ȻһҲЩߵƵԷģв˸ǲҪԼģղڽŵʱһ£ƵſͣžͲߡֱԲͬĵλȻвųģһô൥λԷδðɣο⻹ֻһҷѣЩûءҪͳһ£һǳӴ֡
ЩͷһԺֻһʲôҲȥЩ⣬ֻˣепѡ
й˶ũŵģһ߹ܣĸв㡣ЩȻҲĻӾǼδƶˣǰùϵ˵ȻǰͲõ顣
ϯ䣬һؾľƣһһֵУȴ̸꿵Ǹ绰ԼһСʱɻһҲˣվȸˡ˿ȻʣʼͿһеĲɵģڶԷǰ뿪ʲô飬Ҳûж˵ʲôһһȥ
¥Ժһֱ˳˻ֵԺ󣬾ֱӷ˳ӡƵͣԺһѳͣ·ߣ̸꿵ĵ绰ԷȻѾѷ뷢ֻˣǾбҪȴ绰һ¶Է
̸꿽ӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬵֪Է͹ˣĵӦһҶ˵绰һ˳ӣֱļƵķʻȥղźͶԷ̵ͨУһ̸ǿյĻЩǡòڲӴ˽Ųŵȡ
ļƵԺһѳͣǿô£һױ˲Ľ䣬ȻѸȥ
ݼԺҲһ·϶ûˣҲֻһˡһӦ˺̸֮еϵ⣬˵еö˵ģⷽһҪۡ
409ſԺһһ£ŹȻӦ̸꿽ӵĵ绰ԺѾŴˡ
Ժһ̸ӴվһĽǣæǰץסԷֱۣʵ꿽㣬ôˣʲô飬˵˵
̸һ⻰ɻһϲԷǺģ֮ǰڵ绰ʲôҲû˵ֻǴ绰Էܴ飬Ȼ˵һǺġ
̸꿸ղžڿһе飬ﷴ˼˵һż˵˵Ҳûʲô飬Ҳ̫ˡ
һе㱻ԷͿˣղͨ绰ʱ֮ԵúżˣȴֺʲôҲûУ⡣ȻԷ˵ˣҲûҪ̫żô˵뵽ԺҲڴ̸߽
̸꿼һԺһ˵һҾº֣ĿҲҶˣһǵĻǡ
һ̸꿵ĻһֿЦõĸо룬ʲô£˵Ҳ̸ѽ˵ʲôءЦЦȻ̸꿣һ˵꿽㣬û£ֻ˵ܳʲô飬أ϶û¡
һо̸꿴˿еԱĶȻȥ̸ʲô飬һ취
̸һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ졣ԴǸϢԺ󣬾ͺܲǱһֱһ״̬һİο֮Ժӵˡ
һһۣȻ˵һô¡̸漴Ͱѽ飬ϸظһ
ľģ磬̸ƺƳдѵķƱһỹҪȥ飬ߵñȽϼƺƳɰ칫ſڵʱû˵ţ˳־Ͱƿˣ׼˵ͻȻƺƳڴ绰Ǳſڡ̸оçײô˵ƺƳҲһ쵼㲻žʹ˽϶ǲԵġ
̸׼˳ȥʱƺƳ˵ԣһûһĵһĵƬһҪҼ֡
̸⻰Ժ͵סˣ˳ȥкܴķ϶۾
ƺƳ˵⻰ԺͣһᣬԷ˵أһԺ̸˵ǸŮ˾ˣ˺üˣҲû˭ֻҪҸղ˵Ǹ֣עȥˡ
⻰˵Ժ̸꿵Ķְ˺һᡣ
ƺƳɲż˵˵õҲȷʵеʱҪǿƬֵĻһƬԴˣڰʯͷԼĽšУ˵ģŪˣŪԺ󣬸Ҵ绰ģǼԺ˵
̸Ժ󣬹ƺƳҪҵ绰ˣæŽԼİ칫ȥʱԲöԷĻƺƳһỳǲ绰ˣɾͲˡ
һ̸꿵ĻԺĺܸжΪ̸ΪԼ飬Ż˴ķӦ벻ԷȻΪ飬֪롣ŶԷм˵꿣лл㣡ͬʱ̸ְ§˻
̸ԴƺƳ˵Ǽ仰Ժһֱܲ°Ժûлؼңֱһ·̯ϳһˡһĻԺȳۻһͷ˶ԷĻ
§˺һԺ̸͵ͷһʵһƺƳɹһĲϣƬģôأ
һղ̸꿵ĻԺͷ˼⣬˵ʵӦʱӴŮ˲̸֮࣬⣬ˡ̸ƺƳ˵ǸŮٲȻҪ̸꿵ĻƺƳɲܲʶ


ʮ 
˵ʵֻҪƬеǸŮ˲̸꿣ûʲôõĵģΪŮ֮䲢ûʲôἰĹϵԵƺƳɽ˸ʲô̸ʻԺ뷨˵˳
̸󣬾öԷ˵úеʵҲʶ㣬ԲŲһȥԼ̸˼Ժʵһǲû£㲻Ҫȥʲôһ
һ̸꿵ĻԺЦ˵û£ԸĻˣ󾿾˭ùһأ
һȻ˵úﻹ㹻ģ֮ǰжϿһûƺƳȷʵһСˣһǸСˡڵУʱ򣬲ûкͶԷֳʲôìܣ벻ԷȻڸôʱԺҪѡҪû̸꿵ͨ籨ţԷͻȻֵĻе㲻֪룬ѾǰõϢˣǻʲôµأ
һ˼ǰ󣬾һ㵹ֵע⡣ǾǶԷȻĵĳŮ˵Ƭ֮ǰ޲˵Է÷ǳΡӣΪԷڰһСĵĻ˵ͱԷʲôȥˣĻпԼ뱻
Ƕ˵һеϣƺƳֶʹҲܹҴԷĵӡ
ý̸⿪˵Ͳ֪ǲǱ˶ˣ̸֮ǰѾˡԷĲӣȻͽղʱ˲ûһԷҲ޿κΡ
˵ߵʱѾöԲˣ뿪̸٣ʮԺ뿪Ͳʱ˶šеĻҲνߵ뿪ˣ̸꿵ʮ˭˵֮һйϵ
̸һ˵˿϶ҲͷˡԴӼһһͲжˣԷ˵򶨣Ȼûʲôõĵˡ
˵Ժ󣬾ȥԡϴˣʲôⴰؾƵ귿ǾԲᷢʲôġ˵鷿ʲôģһûϡǰĵ̣һⷽĻֻҪ;ǿкˣʵڲеĻ㣬ϣһ˵޿֡
Ϊ˷̸ֹ꿵µģһʱ򣬲Ÿٵ뿪Ƶ꣬˵ģҲһ绰飬һܸ㶨ġ
ϴԺ󣬱һ𵹵˴ϣһṦ򣬷˴صĴϢ֮Ů˵˰Сʱ֮ã˴ԼһСʱӣһಲϷ漴ݡγԺ˲ųװ§ų˯ȥ
£һһѵú磬ߵԺŰ̸꿽ѣȻõİ취˶Է̸ҲǸ͸һһ˵֪ôˡһ˵Ժ󣬾ҽ㵽һ£Ȼһȥ֡
һ󣬵˵ͷöԷӦøã͸¶Էˡ漴뵽һǳؼ⣬Ƕ̸˵㣿
̸⻰Ժ˶Է˼æ˵û£ҽҵĹϵˣ˵ԺҾ˵˳ԷģƺȶˣӦòɵġİɣ㶨Բġ
һԷһ˵ϵеڨڨ֮ɫ̸ǲģҲΪ˵İȫ롣
Ժһ뿪ļƵꡣŵʱһһΧûзʲôעһͣΧļһһԺȷϳﲢûˡòƵ涼ôݵģٻӱ˵ʱ򣬶ڳⷽ۲ԷĶ򣬶ұԼ١
ϳԺһ˱ɣɣȻһţѸǰʻȥڿһ䣬ԼԺٳ̸ĻĻٿˣˣĻĿ̫󣬲١
һ緹Ժ󣬱ֱȥϰˣʱһ㵽λȽ磬Բ˵ĺҲ롣
һ죬һ̸꿸ĹƺƳɵšԷģҪ˵ȫΪĻȻǲܵģʼǵģעҪӦ档
ԷȻѾνƬһкĶھô죬һȻö֪Ҳܴһ·˼ǰ󣬾ûǺбҪһãΪܶԷô㣬Բվ̨ǰһĻҪõµ֤ݾԵüΪҪˡ
뵽Ժһ⣬룬ȻƺƳԼƬҲҲ֮ʩҲ˰ΪʱôƱ硣ˣ͵ʳ
ȷôԺһ;ȥͷǵʱʱ˶ƺƳɣľٶȫ
һ֮ǰȻʹͷ˱һ룬ڿֻҪסӦɲ󡣱Ǳ׼ѲǱߵ˶µģǾ͵üʱֹ˵ǸƺƳɵνֻǸܲգԲʲôġ
鲻ŵ˵ȥˣܺܿﵽĿģ֪ģ˵һá
ٽ°ʱͷ˵绰һмֲ죬ʱ仹磬ԷѡʱְɣδҲ̫һ㡣绰ͨԺһ;Է˼ˣԭͷһԷ
һ󣬱ܾģתһ룬Ļƺ̫ʡЩصľӣҪܾĻһΪƲǱߡȻϲ˵ʲôܹﲻʹ죬˵ʱ򣬾Ͳôˡ
еĹԺһˬشӦ


ʮһ ʦ֧
ͷ󣬺Ǹˣ˵ʵڴ绰ʱ򣬲ûбϣԷϾǲһ·ˣټݷǣ˵ʵ绰ǳһڡʲôⷹܵҪԵģ˵ԷҲѾȷʾǶ֮ǰҪʱ⣬һ绰
ͷһӦԺ󣬶ݵĿԺе㷸ˣⷹõĶȥءû˵طǸһһѷ궩ԺٺͶԷϵ
һڴӦһ䣬͹Ҷ˵绰ӦȥҪǱʾһ̬ȣĶԣʲôûϡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬴ͷˣæ˰ëйǴͷΪεˣǶıΪ˷չ׳˺ͣھʦһǰʱ䣬ϼҵģûܰŴͷ⣬Ÿոջͷ¿Ĺˡ˵ëҲǵˣҲһ˽йˡ
˹Ժ󣬽һԺ󣬾͸ͺëͷϽԶ˵档ҪΪҲһĳϣͷǲģҲʶȤס
ͷԺ󣬾ͰѸղŴ绰һ˵˳ǰĸƵΪʡ
ëæ˵磬ʲôģȻǽ̻ʹˣ촦ǴԷȻҪϵ㵵ΣҪȻ˼ҰǸƱˡô˵ҲԷСǮ
˺ëĻԺ󣬵û᲻ͬǸں渽͵磬ë˵ܵǸǿɲܵ˼ҡ˵Ժͣ˻ͷһۣ˼ʵ磬Ǹǽеɣû˵ɣ
ʻԺһ֣Ц˵Ҳڵʱ䣬ֵܵıֲѽ˵ôĵĴʳǺǣ
⻰Ժ󣬿ĵֿЦˣƽʱԹٺֵǿЦ˵ôֱӵıˡ
ͷĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦ˵⡰ֱǲסЦԺʵ϶ô֪ҲںԷǮе㵣ġ
˴ͷʻԺҲϷ̬֮ӣһ˵磬ǵôĻ촦ʲôǰɣ
ͷĻԺΪȻص˵ͷëȴǲʵӦϵεľƵдôܻʲôأҪߵεĻӦɾûˣ񶫷һǼľƵ꣬ʲôš
ס죬ʲôǼƵ꣬Ҷӣ͸߹ˣڲһѿµʱˡͷߵѵ˺ëһ䡣
ëҲǴͷұۣһһѺ֡ţ˹£һһʱӲǰѶԷǱߺų׼ҵӵſˣҲһսһȻܴ򣬵ͷȴһҪȻҲһʱͱƽȥˡ
ëȻƽʱĲУǶϴͷȴǾصģԱǳԺһһԲˡҲԼҵҪ˵ܶݵĻûĶ֣Ҫ˵ĶӡıĻǻһһӵĻˮ仧֮ǰһֱڽ϶û˵ʮδʧ֡ݳɼûһǳĴǽġ
ϸһ£Դͷ˵ϴǲǾøղźëֵ˵ȥ̻ʹе̫ˣŪɳ׾
ͷûпڣֻ˵ͷë⻰Ժ󣬲ƺе׹
ֽ˵ϴеղλֵܵĹ۵ҲûǼȻѹˣȻҪдã̻ʹ϶СҹҪǸ߶ԷȥǵĻ˼Ҷֱˡ
ͷ󣬵˵ͷҲģҪȻҲüŰҹˡĻе㲻ˣʵ磬˵евȥ̻ʹǵȥĶأʱɲˣٹһᶼԷĵˡ
⻰Ժæ˵ϴҵ˼ǼҪһұȽϵεľƵ꣬õ΢ƫһġҿ԰ͲǾأ⻰ȻȥʵǴңĿȴۼڴͷϡ
ͷ⻰Ժһ£ĵ˵ʦǾʦѽһڣǸУУô졣ë绰ȥ԰һ䣬Ҫ䣬ͨľˣ˸Ұ߱׼졣
ë⻰Ժæվ׼ܣһ룬͵ͣסӣعͷԴͷ˵ϴҪҺȹȥɣһ㣬ŪЩϵεĶǡ
ͷ󣬵ͷ˵ҲУǴҵ֮ǰǰѾƲ˶źˣˣ׼һõ̡
Уϴͷİɣ֤¸ˡ˵꣬ʹɫ˴Сȥ
ëԺ󣬴ͷһ¶Ը顣һȻڻ濴ӣȴסǣб۴ߡ˸Сܣס뻨첻ԶһС棬סбһС֮档бʱҲȥסҹһҵŮԺ󣬹Ǳ˱Ƚ϶̫࣬㣬ԲŻȥǶ
ѾڻǶˣһʲô紵ݶĻȫܼʱաǰʮһ뿪ؼңбҪȵKTVԺŻ뿪һ㶼ʮԺˡ


ʮ 
ͷ뿴Ľǰб۴Ů˺Ͳһ뿪Ϳ԰һˡǴŵŮˣͷȥǣȥǣǰǹԹĻʱһأһžˡ
ͷһҲĸԺᱨģ˵ʵҪĻͷͲˡһ˵ģһˣŸΪͰ硢бۣȻбKTVĻֻ²ˡ
ڵĵǣǸʲôƨ˵ͷģʱݶðһһĻûκζԷĽˣֻˡͷѲԺԵ㣬תһ룬µ촦һ㲻ֻˡ
һᣬʱˣȥС׼˳һոµĻʹڡǰʱͷոģõģںôҲù˾ˣõĳĻǿе˵ȥ˵ʲô˾ﶼ
һ˿̻Ĺ壬°ʱ䵽Ժȥ¥ˣҲֵһᡣղŴͷ绰ڴ԰˵ʵŻͦġҪȥ̻ʹٽĻˡ
ͷȻǵϻģɷϵ˵Ӧ컹еģҪǱ˿Ǹһ𣬲֪ô롣ȻԶٷûʲô˵ģзḻ㲻ɲ
ڿͷǱҲʶ㣬ԲŰŵ԰Ȼ·΢Զ˵㣬ȴˡһ⣬ҲһͷӦûֵһġ
ͷҪ֪ΪС£һȻһǳĵģҲ˵ղź˷ѾȥļҷԷ⣬Ǻֵõġ
һٳ֮ǰһ绰ͷǸ䡣֮ôѶԷҪվڴſӭġЩ˵Ρ綼Ƿǳ۵ģҪվǵ龰湻׳۵ģֻǶһ˵ȴԲʲô¡
԰һȥ֪ôߣһ·ϵûô鹦򣬵ǵʱҡմӳֻһʮҵӣǾƵĹԱҲͷߵˡ
һڲ֮ʣӿ˵ˣ촦һ£룡
һһ˵е֮⣬λͷˣһҵߣһٶʮأ̬ƺʺڳ졣Ҫ˵ʲôģҲȥǸëһһҲûӶԷ֮⡣
ܹĻͺ˹Ŀ࿴ˣҴͷⰲһԼ˵һǺصģȺë˵ĵλҪ㡣ĻҲδһҪǿ׳λһǿͷԳԷġ
뵽Ժһ˼֮顣Ӣ۲ʳֻҪƾԼһƬصģֵñصġ
һıȥھʱһΧˣȻûעǣϺصԣȻ˵Ĺע
һɴ˿Ըоͷ£Ǻеʶģʵ֪ЩСϸڶѴͷġղһ绰ʰԺͶԴͷ˵磬һ쵼ʱǾͲҪȥһȥӭһ¾Ϳˣ˼Ӧϣܵ͵һ㡣
ͷһ˵˼ͺë϶Ǵ࣬ϰյĻ˵һͲʲôˣȫһվĻǻͷʿ˵൱ĸˣȻ촦ϣġ뵽Ժ󣬴ͷ˵ͷԼ˵ȥ졣
ٷԵÿǱʼʱ򣬼һݣһеŲ״ˣ˱һ˵ϵˡһҲʹҳһȻֻΪ˱һ̬ȣϾͷҲΪ£̬ǷŵԵһġΪôҲĿ࿴ĺҲ˵ӣȻйоص֡Ϊ룬ζžҪʹݣһú׼
һỹҪȥ£ҶûôȾƣȻܷʢⶼȱٴԴӵļʲԶԣ̷ǳģ֮ʣ˴˹ϵ˶̴˵
Ӵ԰Ժһʱ仹磬Ű˵һ㣬ղŴͷѾˣҪֵĻҪȵʮһԺʱŻӻKTVɻСʱҵʱ䣬һȻܺʹͷǻһҪǱ˿Ļǿûˡ
һЦŶԴͷ˵ϰ壬һԼһ̸飬ʮҹǣ㿴ô
ͷ⻰æʹ˸ɫͷᣬͷ˵Ǻã촦æǼҲ׼ˣϢһ£ʮңһ⵽䶼ֻжʮ๫Сʱ㹻ˣѾֵǶˣҪʲô仯ĻҺϵ
һ˵ͷʹͷһԺ󣬱ֱϳȥˡȿ԰ԺһȥĶǰʻһԺ󣬿һϴԡģֱӰѳ˽ȥ˿¿ϴϢһ£ǲѡ
һϴ˯һþǳ棬ϴԡĳŵʮ԰ʱ򣬾ŵ벻ͷѾڳϵˣЦųǵ˵ͷ
ͷӳԺ󣬶һ˵촦ĳͷɣǿȥĿСһ㣬̫ˡ
ͷ˵һҲģĿ̫ˣԲܿȥģЦųԷ˵ͷ״æһһĶ漴һʹڳϳԺڸʻλϣͷһں档Ժ˾ͷ˳ӡ


ʮ Ϲ
һƳһֻۣǵĳ棬˵һǺëˣǼƣжʮ˶ˡ
һȻǸ£Ͼǵ˼ҵĵȥҲǱģʱ͵ʴףǿɾͱˡ
ǰһԺ󣬴ͷһ̸֧һȻ˳Ϊϻתͷ˵촦һԺ䶼Ҹط̸̸ֱӰӦиĲֿ⣬ƽʱ˹ȥ
һĻɵð˵ͷԷ˼ǰ˴Ӧֻ˵ñȽתȥʵѯ²ԺȻ䶼ضͣҪǱ˷Ժ˵пһеһԸ⿴Ľ
һ£Դͷ˵Ҫǲ鷳ĻǾȥǸĲֿɣȻֻ仰µֵȻȥ롣
ͷæͷͬʱ͵ؿһۣղŶԷ˵µʱе㲻ΪȻΪҲѲôֻ仰ѣûҪʦڵģҪڵӦµҪĻͷҲûϡһһ˵ﲻм֮УҿղûţҪȻֵ÷ˡ
ʮӵ·̺ܿ͵ˣ䶼Ժ˾߹հؿһС棬Ȼͣͷû˵ǰָָһ˳ָķ򣬹Ȼ˻KTVͷߵˣȷʵ˲˼ҪȻϤ
С˵ϰ壬ǲɻȥס֮Сıؾ֮أֻҪþˡ
һһһԺʵǲÿȥûҪȥĻ⣬ǡ
Ӧò⣬ڸǸС椣ʱմϵģȺأÿȥһ㶼ᳬʮһ㡣ͷ˵ǲȥĻҲû£ǱߣǶţֻҪһţǾ֪ʱϹȥĻҲüġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵõ˵ͷͷ׼ȷʵǺֵܳģҲûʲôõĵˡ֪ƹڳԺڣǴͷǵ־Ȼᳵ·
һûʲôˣͷֻزһ룬Ȼ˹ȥ绰ͨԺŵ绰˵ëˣһͷһβʱǰԲ˵ˡ⣬ˣʵڳţĻûʲô飬˭ҪĻĲ
ëǱߴӦһԺ󣬴ͷҶ˵绰һṦһ˶漴¼Ӱһǰһ󣬿ȥϷǳĬ
һǵĳͣĻɣڲŷӻǱȽϿģǵĳ⣬Ȼǰͣţǵĳñм䣬ټֻͷβһյ·ƣԹߺܲãһĻǵĳˣҲӦòԷע⡣
òõĶѾúˣ͵Ϲˣ̿ΪѰġһ뵽ʱԼԷ棬ҲöԷܵͬĴͦ˼ͷһڣأ˼ģΪе㵣ĻǺ£Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǸһ֧̣һ½ŵ顣
˺ô󹦷һͳֻʲôʱˣհֻõϡͷֻͻȻŵһ漴һ˵ˣһֻһۣʮһ㣬ǰԼˡ
һ侲ʵ
ͷʱѾֻѹ˵ŮеﲻסˣԲǰȥġ
⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷͲٺʹͷ˵ˣƿţֱ³ȥˡ˾״æѺˡ
һ״ǲ죬ӡУӦǸʦʽЩӦòԶ֣˵ղŴͷѾúëȥͷ׼ˡһԺûס֮ģŴͷʵϰ壬ϡȥʲô
֮ʣ֪óƺԷʲôҶҲˡ
ͷ״һ˿ԥ漴˵ȥ׼Էأֹ⡣ϰ壬İɣԲµġͷȻһ˼һƱ
һԴӵԺ󣬴ͷƺΪϰ壬ȻҲΪб޻ǼȻôСϸڶ뵽ˣ²硢бۺͰˣӦûʲô⣬ҲûҪϹˡԺһͰעӿڣڴŶԷĳ֡
ԼԺ󣬳ӰһһһŮ§һ˵ĳЩŮ򿩿Цͣһһξ֪ǲ磬ΪʱûǾñȽϽʵӦòûлʤİգԲѡ̡Ǻ棬漴ֳӰͬŮһţǼƣ·е㼱֮ơͷղŵķһеġ
ȶԷǰ߽һЩԺһ͵ߵ˳ǰӣ̥ģƺһģʲôһ
תۼ䣬§ŮѾߵ˳ǰһؿϵı飬ǸŮ÷ɽɽ¿ǸȷʵǸʶûãҪȻ粻
ȻŮ߲ͣΧĶǱŽϸߵľġԺæȵʲôˣ


ʮ £һ
һȣбۺͰҲվ˲ߣŮ˱ֵú²ѵӣֱ˵Ļꡣ
˺Ժ󣬱վӣ˵ҵĳêˣλܲܰæһл
Զ㣬˭пոæӻҪȥأС˵ǰɣбЦ˵
㻵ˣ֪۸Ů˵˵һ룬ͻȻ¶ֵɫ漴һ
ӣסڣٽУӴ㣡һǹв
Ů⻰ԺæտڣΪʾ˵ˣסԼ졣ʱ硢бۺͰˣˣѾ˿סˡ֪ʲôʱѾ塢վߣٿǺڶǹڣֻ֪ˡ
ͷѾסԺһ˵ͷȻƿţһſȥ
˴ʱʶǰ⼸ﶼè壬ʹڵĳȻȽϰһ۾ܿ˾⣬ˣ˵˾͸ˡǱ˲پƣټɫǰͷԲˣ˿ѾȫӦ˹
翴ͷԺһֲ⼸ֶϵ˫ǹʹˣԭӦ˹ģòûеλүѽôҵ鷳أ
˵ҲǳģǺʹͷ˱ǿɾͲһˣ˵ˣЩ˼ʣµġˣСǰҲܶϴӣǳŴͷ˵ͷ˵ʲô˼ҲӦˣһе㶪ѽ
Ļ䣬һȣҲıƣϴҲܽеģ˵ë˵ԺŲĸݺݵȭ
϶ʱ亹ֱðëȭͷϵǲᣬȫʩΪǺθоֻ߲ŻиоصһԺ󣬲ҲװˣȻϴ˼һĲֵһ˵־ͶˣҪٺĻ֪
ͷ簲ˣǰһ۵˵Ӹӷ㣬Ӧϻû˸˵ĸѽҪѲĻǵĻ䶼ؿɾҪˡСװþϵĻ˵ӳʱ軹ɿأԱװƣĻֻᡣ
⻰ԺȻǲˬҲɷϣ˼˵ĵҲʵ顣Է˿ǷʴʣҲҷ£ܲͷأղŸȭǼһֱǸ񣬿ϵͶëбһϵĻҲδ˼ҵĶ֡£װʮǲǻζˣԴ˿ֻгĬǽˡ
ͷԷʵˣҲþˣԲ˵ʲôģ˲磬Ǻǣ㵹ԼҪǸĻҪԳƴͷүˣģǲ֪ߵغ񡣡٩˶ԷһԺ˵һᣬмҪˣҪʵشĻұ֤ʲôûУҪʲôµĻǿɱˡˣǸǽˣǺëǸӦö˵ǰɡҵƢǺõģҪǲˬĻᷢʲô
˴ͷĻԺ󣬲֪˸ղŶǼһǺëѹϵ֮Ҫ˵мֽĻһ뷨Ҳûˡ˵ԷǹûǹĻٽֵܹҲδǺë˵Ķ֡£˼Ļǿɾǵ͵ӽˮˡ
ͷǸղ黹תĿ֪ղǾ仰ôﵽˣǲ׼ٺͶԷϻˡЦԺ˵һӦ죬ֻҪǺúϣұֵ֤˺ӰȫҪʲôģĻɲҪң˿ô
˴ͷĻԺϸһֶԷӦòںǡѾȫԷסˣԷҪʲô뷨ĻҪ˷ʱġͷ˵ĻӦǿŵġ
뵽ԺЦ˵磬ҪʲôԸĻֱСֱֵȥӦݼȥĶõ˼ôܵ䶼
ǺǣСӣ˵ͷЦ˵ҲҪ̫ԼˣҽһСܹǸӣǸӣҪ֪ʲôͲӣȫˣʱ򣬱ֵǸѿֻ˵ֿˡ
⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣治֪ԷʲôҪǳսթһתæ˵磬ģһ֪޲޲ȷʵҲ֪ģҾΪˡ
ģ㲻֪飬Ѳģ㻹Լˣѽͷһ䣬漴Ժë˵ֵǣȫϳҪڰ·ϣʲô֮뷨Ҳţֱһ̾ˡɱ˵Ҫģ˭Ҳ㲻Ҫǳʲôͨ¹ʲôģͷܰڵƽֻܷġ
⻰Ժ󣬲бëһۣȻεصͷͷһУǴС㣬СϺףǺ˼ǱԾͲһģ᲻ԣأ
˵䣬һɣ˹ӳˣɾǸղڻſڶҵģҲϹˡ
һڳ״Դͷ߿ۣ֪Щ鶼ŰŲõģɴ˿Щ˻ǸѹֻϵڶѽΣʵ


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תۼ䣬ɵԺ󣬳ˣ۵糸䶼ʻȥϾǲĵ̣Ϊֹ⣬Ҫ쳷롣ȻͷδûǣֻǲͶԷͻʲôģõʱֳ̫Ķ
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֮ǰ绹еģ֮ǰȻֻʮˣʱ˼ʮ塢䶼Ƭ˵㡣쿴ͷߵ˺װطԼģǾСƣ˼Ҫ׼˵ĻòҲʲô̫Ѿ飬
ǰһԺ󣬴ͷһ˵ϰ壬ǾֱȥǶˣֿǱߣӦñȽϰӦûʲô˹ȥ
УǾ鷳ˡһһ£˵һᣬǵ̸һ̸Ӧûɣ
ûû⣬촦ϰ壬ʲôҪֻܷԸͷæ˵˵ӣһдõģֻܷġ
һĻԺ󣬴ͷﰵ룬ҺʲôĿûа㽻ӣôĹҵǣΪ顣ʲôʵĻǵȻûа⡣ĥǲǸðʾһһ£öԷھǿһ䡣˵ߵͷ󣬵ǿڴͷ˵ʵϣһܰ˵ûġ
ͷһԺ󣬷ֶԷԼҡͷ̽ѯʵͷҪҪᣬ֮ǰĽǵʱ򿴾ٶԹɫⷽ棬ͷһֱġսҲ˵ж϶ȷģ͸ôͷŲɡ
ʱһͷ˼⣬ͷˣҲеʾһ£Ц˵ϰ塢ϡǸлˣɣѾһһۣһʾǵл⣬һ棬ҲøлǺǣ
ͷһ⻰Ｄѣæ˵촦˵ҿСе㵣Ҫɣ˵ʱ䣬š
ϰ壬㲻һٷҲ벻ɣһ뿪Ц˵
ǣ촦󡭡ͷĻ˵һ룬ͱһˣЦ˵ϰ壬Ц֪˼ĲҪˣţµֵܱȽ϶࣬Ҿֻˣûɣ
Ц˵ϰ壬ǹˣܿǣǵңĶ˵ǰɣ
һҲĺЦͷһ㶣ҲЦ
˵˵ЦУ֪Ѿӽֿˣ˾Դͷ˵磬ǰ͵ˣ㿴
ͷģѯʣͷ˵ʲôѽֱӿȥѽͷ⿴
Ŷ˾Ӧһ׼õģ˭ֱ֪ӱϴ˻Ķаϻ
Ⱥʻ˲ֿ⣬ͷһӳԺֻŮѾѺ˳ͷϾȻźڲͷסһһ񣬿ͷǻǺרҵѽЩ뵽ˡһĻͲҹˡ
ϰ壬ϳǸ˸ͷסͷ͵
һһ㶣Լˣͷ²ϳһ룬Ƕ֪ҵˣڵŻʲôҪأԷһƬģҲ˵ʲôǼ˱ѺȥԺЦ˵ϰ壬û£һͰǵͷõһ治ϳ
ͷæ˵ͷʵҲôûʲôҪ˵һ㡣ͷΪ˻Ǻ˽ģӷǳʹʱȴûʲôҲϴĸԭ˵ˣԸʹȻ
ڴͷ£һ˲ֿ档濴Ȼƾɲ滹㲻ڲֿͷֱһŲߵķӣҲͷܾݵ֮һˡǹŵѪӣȻҪһεĵطһЩ飬ǡɷҪ
һԺ󣬱һͷΪ裬ӦþǿŵĺͷһֻдͷˣӦǹȥˣҪһᣬӦû
ͷһһ֧Ժ˵촦Ǳȥˣÿһ䣬ǵʱҪ鷳һ²
ϰ壬˵ɾ̫ˡһһ˵
ͷЦץץͷһ̡һṦ͹ˣ漴̵٣վȥ
һڴһӣȻĵشš
һƵģεϣǺһɲأҲǵϻģȻֻʮˣôҲһϴ󣬲һǿ֡һҪǷһ׳ԿʱĻͷж˵Ρ
˿̣ܵģ֮ǰͷ˵ҪղǸǹָͷϼһ˰棬֪Է⳪һעһֱſڡͻȻһƿ˽ǰʶĸоɾĶһûӡ


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һ˿Ҳס翴ԷһãȻӣе㻳ɣλǲҴˡˣǾҪˮʯ汻˵ˣҪǲĻӻȡ
һǰȻ𵶵˲棬һԲüͷֱֱŶԷһʼ绹ܺӣʮԺ󣬾鲻ѣæĿƵһߡ
һԺ󣬾ԷϢֱ֮ӿʵв磬ǰɣǼ棬㻹ǵ𣿡
ǡǵˣֻǾеӡ󡣡ʵʵ˵
һ״΢΢һЦȻ´ͳһ֧ϣץŴ׼һɲǣ˵ҽһ
졭һʶѿ˵
һ˵Լֵͬʱһ֧ڹעŲı仯һţʧ֮ʱ֪ͨǿʹͷѾĻҵԷˡͨ沿ı飬ѿԷֵ֪ģҲ˵棬Էס̸꿣Ҵˣȷʵǳġ
ӦöֺϤɣһ۵Ųʵ
̧ͷɨһһۣԷ˪˲ûˡ˼һô˼ҵŪҪǱԸȥĻǲֱͰ׳ˡ
һԷԥı飬˵ӦʶͷɣҪĻǻKTVͱϡˡ䶼СҪϴĻҲһȽ飬ôͷûʵ
һһ˵糹ˣͷʵԷΪͷһ䶼صĻǻûʲôסʱ򣬲û˳ְļǣǳ飬Ҷ浹ùĻ˭ء
һ룬Ȼ֪ôˣһͰ͵˵磬Ҫǰ֪鶼˵ǱǲܷŹǣ
һžһŻ𣬵ϵ̣³һԺ˵ֻҪʵʵ˵ұû£ȻСҲһϴǽӦÿó˭㵽ġ
⻰ԺæһֺƵĵ˵ͷ漴˵磬ģһ֪޲޲˵ʵ治˽
˽٣֪˵һ˵ҪҸʲôĻֻԼҲڡ
⻰Ժæ˵磬Ӧ֪еĹأҪô˵Ҫ˵ĻͲܲҴţĻᱻƲġ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣ԷҲɵϵˣ׼Ȼ̽һ¶ԷԺ˵˵ɣأ
̧ͷһ˵磬Ӧÿóǲʶ㣬ҪȻҲš
˵Ժ󣬲͵ؾòԾˣ⻰˼ҪʶԷĻһúһ١ڶԷô˵Ļأ
һȴ⣬ͷ˵ֻ˵ҸղѾ˵ˣΣֻҪ˵ʵʵ˵ˡ
⻰Ժһһ˵֮ǰԼ塢ӣһ֮ǰںһҵң˵ԸǮȥһˣûȤҵʱҲΪȱǮãҾʹӦ
˵ԺæһһۣԷϲûʲôõı飬ǽ˵ڶ죬ҼһˣҿƬر˵һʮŮһǽѵһ£ͬʱⶣǲܶǸŮ
һ⻰Ժ󣬾øɻˣæͷʵûи㿴ŮƬ
ûûУֻ˵Ůʮ꣬ʲôҲû˵
һ˲һۣʵΪʲôûжأ
ǡΪ翴һһۣ˵ǿһǸŮŮʿԲǶʮŮˣԱΪҴ˶Ծѡˡ
˵Ҳֻһ棬֪ʲôʲôģһʵ
æ˵ͷ
¹ôǮأһ׷ʵ
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һԷӣ˵ѣͷ˼˺һᣬſ˵أǽʶλ
ǻǰʱַˣ㵽ȥˡæ˵
ģһʵ
˵ľ䶼ġ缱磬ӦÿóҺҪԸ˲ûаϸҪ֪ĶĻΪ˱ס㣬ڿأ˵ǰɣ
һûлشԸʻʵԷ˵ЩղžѾǹˣ֮ԻôʣҲΪ˱һƶԷ̽̽ʵŲ磬ѹʵϵĺʲô㲻˰ɣ
ûûǣĺ139Ѹ˵磬ҪͨҵĻӦûãµСܺϵѾͣˡ
һһ£ûʲôҪʵĻվ׼ȥ龰żˣæ˵󡭡磬˵ҳȥģɲ˵㻰ѽ


ʮ £ģ
ģ˵ĻһشȥģǰˣʲôһһȥҪ˵ĺʲôĻɾͱˡ
磬ֻȥʡ˵֪ûûҶأֻǰȥɼ飬ûиǾô¡
һһ㲻ǲ磬ֱ̧ȥȥʰбۣڿѾûʲôҪˡղŲ˵һ棬֪ĶܸΪޣһ棬£вķΪ˱ˣ֮
һԺ󣬾ͿͷԶԶ˹һֱ⣬ֻñȽԶѡ类˽ʵʲô⣬Ϊһ̬һȻúﻹǺܿĵģͨ飬Ѿȫȷϴͷֵһġ
˻صԭȵԺһôͷǷˡ˵ھͷţǵȵԺٷţͲĵˡһһ£ⶣһ䣬ϰ壬Ҳϣǳκ⣬Ӧöҵ˼
ͷæ촦ֻܷģҴͷȻǵϻģֻ֪ģӦ飬Ҿһλġ
У¾͸лǺֵˣҾͲһһȥкˡһվ˵죬һˣʱҴ绰ϵλһҪ͹ѽ
ͷͷԷôܲ͹أھǰ¶ĺûᣬǿǴŵҲҵĺѽ
лԺһʹͷϳ뿪ˣҪ˴һЩ顣˴԰Ժһʹͷ֣Լپۡ
һųڽֵ漲ۣûпյֱӴ˳ҹ紵ϣ˵⡣һʱȴǲˬΪҵһǼӭж⣬˭֪һﾹȻҲһ֪ȷʵ֪ô¹Ҳǽġ
飬һҲջͨ죬֪ˣ׼ԸǼһﲻˡ˲Ļϵ֮ǰ̸꿸飬һʼΪƺƳںĹ˵ԺȫųƺƳɵĿܣ⣬һʵ벻Ӧ컹˭ڶԷҪȡ˱ķԸ
ǰֻˣһôͷˣŴһ棬ԼҲһ㣬ڿв˶ڹע
ղ³֮ǰʹͷ˵һʱСܶסʡίУĳУƺƳɡͷûκһ仰ֻһһ״ǿģһ˵Ͳ㣬ֵǿʲô쳣ıְˣʲôҲҪ
ͷæ˵촦ʲôҪֻ˵˵ʲôģͲҪˣЩϸ֦ĩڵ飬졣
һЦЦһ˵У¾ôˣĻ˵ˣͣԺ˵ɣֵעͶżǰ֮ĶĻҶļš
ͷûٶ˵ʲôֻص˵ͷ
صԺҹѾˣһڴϣȴ˯ȫޡͷ淴˼ںһŮ˵ãǺͷ󣬾Ժ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬һֱ㰲˺ֵľۻˡ죬¬ҪˣܾҪʼæˣԳ죬Ѹðŵ鶼ŵ˵ЩػֱӴ绰˵ģʵеܲαɣϵˡ
һһ£ɴͰҸľýƵ꣬ҪǴҳԺȤĻȥһǣ˰ȫҶˡϴκʱһֶŮ࣬Լҡ
һѻ˵Ժ󣬺ܾм⡣һ֪ͨôˡ̳Ҳ˺üˣҲǸ˾ʱ䡢صԺ󣬾ûٶ˵ʲôȴмֲζѧʱһֿҲͶ̶̼ʱ䣬۵ʱƺҲҲǷݸоˡ
ݵ֮˵绰ִ˹ȥ绰ͨԺѽһӳԷ˵ˣ˵Ժе㵣ֻܾǰʱҲԷԹηòûһʱġ
֮ǣһڴӦﵽʱȥһǵš
һԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰ƺеһΪʲôֱӴ绰Էԭˡظ绰һֱӷһŹȥ֪һ¶Էˡ
һԺ룬ֶϼҴڵģֻһˣƺ̫ڽǱŰСúлԣϡʱȽ϶࣬û˵ϺϵҲһᣬǱֱֻлԣ˹ȥ
лԣ˵˸ԷæشӦʲôʱһ£Զٷء
°Ժһ˾ýƵ꣬ˣȻûÿ˵ĵſͣóԺɵ̸꿼ʱ龰ʱҪģӦòߵһ
˰Ժ󣬿ʱˣ׼ȥӭǣ˵Цһţǵ޶ܿɰСŮſɰĻȹӣͷβ衣һ治øĸ塢ĽиãһҲǿġ


ʮ ֵĿ
һԺ󣬿˵λ硢ɩӣԵƬ̣úһǻѧղпΣҪһܹǺǣ˼ѽ
Ļ䣬־Ц˵û£û£ͬѧöûˣúúġ
һ˵ͷȻŶԷһȲơǸհѲ豭ֵӾ˵ˣ촦ôûѽ
Ŷʱ䲻Ӧ죬ȥʳˣĸǱߡһ
һᣬúлԣˡǲ֪бڣ͵ؼˣЩԾ˼˵磬ˣ
һЦ˵û£ǶǸͬѧǵķˡӣġȻ˵֣λɩӣҵãлԣ
лԣ˽ԺæǰһͶԷ֡ʱ͵ǰһסлԣ֣˵ǲǾͶڻѧлġ
лԣȻԷ˵ͻأе㲻ǺˬڶԷһͬѧҲû̫⣬ֻС˵ʶҸ
Ŷǣǡæ˵ֻ˵Բðһʡ
лԣ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô
ֺлԣԺתһһһ֮ԭˣԭʡί񸱲лݹϵִ˿ĽʺޣͬʱҲһùϵģȻԷ쵼˵һûڿĻֱȥлԣαٶһм价ء
һڳԷʱ򣬾Ϳ⣬ϵģлԣں٩һʼеɻ󣬺ϵָղлԣǸ⣬еˡ˵ʵһԸȥлԣٱȲҪá
Ժһ˶ߣȥˡ˵δÿģȴܾе㲻ζΪΣһ㡣
صԺľúۣڵô˯æͳԷʲôġЩۣֵı֣ۣúʹͷ˴һʱ򣬶ҪȺͬһҪġҲȻˣ׻˵ʿյĿ࿴˿궼ֹˣе仯ҲǺ顣
һ죬һúϢһ£°Ժ·˳˵ͻؼˡһԺ󣬾Ϣˣ¬ҪϺˣ׼úúͶԷоһǸ
ڶһ磬칫ԺһĵһǺƿϵ֪¬ҪٽŵӦ졣һæ˵緹ƿ˵Ҫһϰ˼漴¬תһĻ
һᣬŶһ˵һϰ˼һ㣬Ը;ˣеҪ˵һ˵
һæӦһټԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
µ绰Ժһ˼簲Ķ⣬Ȼ¬˼˳㣬ûĵã͵һȥﲻмֵ֮飬Ƕⰲ̸£Ҳ˵ζȷʵܲԺ㷭˶ԷϴθƬȻһ绰ȥ
źóԷԺһóǰ÷˽Ĳϣ׼ٺúϰһ¡¬ĻҲԼ򵥵㱨˭֪տУֻȴͻȻ
ֻһʾлԣĺ룬һе֣˵ʱ㣬ԷӦô绰ѽ
绰ͨԺлԣ˵磬һԷǸֵģղŴ绰ң˵ҪҳԷҲ֪ôش뵽˴绰һ¡
һ⻰Ժ΢΢е㷢ȡ֪лԣ绰˼ѵ֪ô죬Ǳ뵽ҲлԣϾͬѧѣȴ
һһ£лԣ˵ȻԷ͹ȥֻҪע⣬ٺȾƣ˵֮ǰԼȵһ£ҪŵʲôˣǵԷСһ𣿡
㻰˼͵ҡлԣæش
һüͷһ壬治־ʲôֻ˵극Ժ󣬾ֱӻѧУҪ˵ȥǸģͲҪˡĻϾͲҪȾˣߺС˵һ£ȰСʱҸ绰ͿԽˡ
Ŷлл磬֪ôˡлԣ˵
лʲôѽ˵鷳Ҹϵģ˵лл㡣һ˼˵
磬˵ɾͼˡлԣæ˵
ǺǣУҾͲˣϵԼգȥһ£Ӿˣⲻʲô뷨ġһֱ˵˵
лԣæ˵磬˵Ҿ֪ôˣæҾͲˣҪʲôرĻٺϵ
һһҶ˵绰
лԣֻŽ´ԺеˡȻһѧΪټӵܣСĿȾǸֵĴʲô⣬ˡ绰һҪΪŪԷ뷨ǶͬѧԷ
֮ĹϵΣлԣеղ׼ڿĵǶģһҲôҪȻղŲ˵һĻûʲôõĵģնĻȥˡ
һҶϵ绰ԺмΣҲûϡղŶлԣýˣŶԷ֪ôȥġ֣治֪ôġ


ʮ ԷĽ
ʮһҵʱƿһ绰һаСʱңܵӦˡһ˵Է飬ѾźˣһٻĶŵǡƿ¬ʾһ£Ȼô졣
һڰ칫ĥһᣬ㿪ֱٻȥˡղ֮˵ٻҲǾһ˼ģΪ¬֮ĹϵûҪ㵽ڴȥӭӣĻԵ̫ˡֱӸ߶ԷصĻԵ̫ˣһӡ
ĵһ˲ڹٳ⻰һû򵥳Զ緹ȻôĽ⻹Ϊһ¬֮зǳõ˽ͬʡί֯һԼ񸱲ԷҲô׵顣
һٻŵͣԺ󣬳֧̣Ϳ¬ĳ˽æ첽ӭȥ¬³һЦŵ˵ͷ˼򵥵غ䣬һ˵緹ϳ¬˾ߡ
˵Ժ㾶ֱԼλȥ
ʮԺһǰһͣ˽˵ſڣϰ͵ſڡһ䣬ĳƣͷģڳĶȻУɾݵѽ¬ӳԺ΢΢һ㶣ȻλݣԿ϶ǣڵˡ
˰˴Ժ󣬾÷Աϲˡ֮ǰ˵һ䣬гλϰ壬ãʲôĻֻܽҡ
˳Ժ¬̧ͷһһۣ˼ǲǺ͸ղǸϰʶ
һ˳Ϊгʱ򣬾˽ͣڼ¬ѯʣæ˵ڵУѧϰʱһѵѣζҲ˵ԾͰ뵽ˡ
¬΢Цŵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôղҲǼһʣһǸϰԲʲôϵģĻԷԲġ
֪һҪ̸԰ԱҲû¬æŸ·ڿˣһںȾ˱еĲ裬ϵı飬ŲҶӦûϿɵġһ״æΪˮ
һṦ򣬲˱ȫˣ˱߳Աġһѯһ¬һһƿơƣȻ˾⡣
ٷԵ÷ǳݣ¬һĹϵͬһ㣬ƿ˾Ҳˣ˵ԲʲôģûҪ̫⡣һ¬ƽŶ˺ϲⰵС
ΪԷʱ¬̸һЩһǸ¬˳Է˵Ļڶѧϰڼĸܡһţʱһ⡣Ϊ˾ԭ򣬻Ϊ¬ȷʵеˣ̸顣
극Ժ¬һ˵ҾͲȥˣʱȥҵİ칫ңǸȥҿ
һæ˵ͷ
磬һĶҲûȥѺ÷޸ĺǸóϸоһ˼ϵ⡣˽һСʱ޸һú÷ùȥ´ӡˡ
æ˺һһ׼֧Ϣһ£ֻͻȻһһӦ챾صֻ롣м죬ȴֲûоϢɻ˽
ʣ촦𣿡绰ﴫһʶŮ
ǣ˵ǣһʵ
绰Ůæ˵촦ã쵤ѽǵ̨ģķͬ¡
һȻǸŮ˵׼ʲôʱ绰Էأ벻ȴˡ΢΢һЦȻ˵Ůʿǰɣͬ£ôܲǵأʲô𣿡
쵤Է֮ǿǿģؼǵϴζԷôԴġǸӡ̫ˣ˵ҲţҲ¶Ĵ绰ĸԭ
쵤ŵ绰Ц˵촦ǸæˣΪ˲ʱ䣬Ҿͳ˵ˡʱ䲻̨˶ǹģ˴ڴȥʳǲμѵģǻϢȥˡʵеȥˣ绰ǺһֱûҾ˵һ
һüͷ΢΢壬ϵ˾ǲģʱ㲻ʲôˣְ˼ŵ˵̨Ǳߡһ£쵤˵ŮʿҴʾлȥʳѧϰǵǫ̃쵼ģڱҾͨһЩʵ;쵼㱨ţǻġ
쵤⻰Ժæ˵촦֪ôˣģһõġˣټ
һҲ˵һټȻҶ˵绰ֻһС£һķһ׵ġ뵽ʱһõȸкʵĻĻ¬ǰһķ顣ԷȷʵǷ޲٣Ӧÿڡ
˴ԼСʱԺ󣬺÷´ӡõķ͵һϡϸоһȷûκԺ󣬱㽫Ž˳棬ȥ¬ǻ㱨
Ƚ϶࣬һûôȥԺõУ׼ȥ°ʱԺ㿪ҵֵķʻȥ
ۿʱһ׼ϳǼ׼뿪ӴţֱӸ˹ȥʱ͵ش·ߴܳһﳵһæ͵һûײȥ͵ɲͣ
һ³뿴ô£ǱѾˣĻ᲻Ὺѽʻʦѧѽ
һüͷһ壬˵Σٶȿ˵㣬ԷҲ򳵲͵شܳġ˵ϾûײϣʹײϵĻҲֱſھѽ


ٰʮ 
һȻϲ£ҲԲ֮ˣƿţ׼ԷǺηʥȻš
ϵ˼һˣҲƿ˳ţһһŮ⿴һȦԺ󣬸׼뿪ͻȻٵɲŤͷһһĳӣҲת˹
һӳԺ󣬲ŷǰһﾹȻˣǰʱ仹׼ȥģһæ͸ˣ벻Ȼˣɡ
ǳӴ˿ҲϳһŴӸλŮʹɫͬʱŬ죬źǣŬŮû˼һľȻվԭء
ʱһѾߵĸǰ˵ԭѽһ׼̸һ̸أڿѾûǱҪˣŮ㲻㹻ˣԺͱˡûмǴĻѾȷؾܾˣôģòҲûʲô˼ɣ
⻰Ժ࣬۵һŭ˵׷ĸŮûйϵҵ£ֲ
ӴⲻǹôֻŮˣǰ죬Ǹʱ߸ĺŮɣǰһ˵Ѿ˸ղһĶԻԲŴ϶ԷĻͷ˵
ĻԺǲˬȴַãΪԷ˵ʵ顣ϴΣʱվŵȷʵһŮ
ԷˣЦŶһ˵һҲʶǹѽڿǵҪѽǻԶãñ˿˵Զ١ԴС˵ǰɣ
һ⻰ԺȻȫ˼ǽӿ˵磬˵ĶԣȷʵôԱ߰ɡ˵߳һơ
ҿһѾ֪ˣӾŴ׷ܴĹĸ׹˳ǣǸٽϺݺĽϵϰֽһ׼ҵֵĺϿҲҪֵ
һȥıӰ۵ŭ𣬺޲ð˸ڻո֪ҵĶ׼ҵֵĶͷ벻ȻˡһУһҵϵĶ֣ܲŭأ˵ĿһҲзݣùˡ
ֹһܽ˵ٽ飬ۺϴõϢĿǰͲһĶ֣ʱһ̣λԺ󣬾ͿҪǵĺÿ
뵽Ժ󣬹ƽһ㣬תԺֱ˳
һȥ˱߱ġһ֪ˣǸƤ׷ļһﾹȻǱߴٹɶ֮һһȻϴٽ汻ϺݺʰһĽϡҪ˵Ҳ˵СĻҲС벻ڸʱ򣬾ȻһҪ˵̳ϣԸ˵ĻһûʲôģҪǶԸӸĻʮġ
ӴԺȥԺһȦڵطԽСԹ̽Ҫöࡣٶȥʮң̾ܽˣȻٲһ£豸֮ģһ¾ͿԶӪҵˡһмСڴ֣װ޵Ľô⼸ûֻǺӦ䣬ϻؼҿ˳ˡ
һһȻԴظˡ
ڶϰԺһڰ칫Ƿݼƻϸؿһ飬һ棬Ϥһ¾ϸڣһ棬ϰܹȥ¬ĻҲԵе̫ˡ
ŵңһ𷽰Լİ칫ңŲǰȥֻͺӶ˹һԺæͣ½ŲʵҪȥѽ
ԴϴøؽԺ󣬼ͺ󳹵׶˺׸ϵһжֻһָӡһҲ뵽Ĳ⵱еģΪ˷ֹ÷뻹ˡŵȽʵʩ׶εʱüͺһĻ˫Ӧöʲô
˼ͺʻһЦ˵͸ѽôһϰææģȥ¬е顣˵¬ʱѹȻ֤ͺǾġ
ͺ⻰Ժһ㶣漴һ⣬æЦ˵æʲôõϼ͵ģֻܷԸ
һЦŵ˵ͷȻǰȥͻȻͺ˵̽ͷ̽ԵĸʲôҪ쵼Ļֱȥѽ
ҡûʲô£˭̽ͷ̽Եˣһ˽Ͱ͵˵
һ֪һΪڼ٣ͺ󿴼ˣԲųԾ档ΪʱͬһСһ㣬ʱʱؾͻĳΪͺͶһ˵Ǹᣬʹ׸ĸǰúñһõԷϿɡ
ˣֵһȥ˼ϣ׸ĻҪǣ˵練ơ
Ϊ񱻼ͺһٿһʱѾǰʧˡݺб˼ͺһԺæ칫ҺĴȥһҪ¥Ļ͸ӦܹĻǾ˵¥ȥˡ
ͺ󿴼Ϊƨɣ¥̽ӣĲɵһɱ֮顣Ҳ̫һɣֱͰ׳ˡ뵽Ժ󣬼ͺһƨæԼ飬Ϊ
һ¬칫ҵǰԺƿԺС˵ϰѾ˵ˣԺֱӽȥˡ
һ⻰ƿ˵ͷ̧£洫һԺСƿš


ٰʮһ ׸
˵¬зԸһǰͰһֳԶԷأһҲһ֡ЩͬʱһﻹǺܿĵģ¬˵˵ûаˡ
Ժ󣬼¬Ų豭Ȳ裬һæ߹ȥӹ豭ˮ¬Ų豭ЦŵͷȻһ֣ʾһ칫
һԺ¬ӣ˵ǸǸĴݣ˵ֻҪ˵ŵĿܾͿˣһᣬһϸġʱҪȥ޲ǻ㱨ðǵ˳һᡣ
һһϲ¬֧ǲ뵽ԺæӣǸݼҪ¬һ㱨˵ʱ˵úϸ¬Ҳú档
˵Ժһ¬ɫص˳˼㹧һԣûгš֪Էһ˼Ȩ⣬ʱǧܴ˼·
˺һԺ¬̧ͷһ˵ʱҪ˵һеȥǻ㱨˵ǣʱҲҪšϣһСϵġ
һصص˵ͷȻվ׼ˡ¬վһæ˵¬壬ҿɵ𡣡
¬֮ǰй˽³ϣûҪֱ̫࣬ӳΪ¬ͿˣһҲ쵼ķԸˡ
¬˵ͷͣס˽Ų͵ʲôƵģһ˵һѽ־ƹܻʱһԸ
һæ˵õģ¬壬һȥԺͺ־гϵһ¡
¬˵ͷȻһ˻֡
һ˵־ҪӦ죬ﻹǺܿĵģкóʱûˡŹʱȥݷһ¶Է˭֪ʱæһ㣬ѹûʱ䣬ֻǴһ绰Ҵҵʺһһӵ绰Ҳ־ƵæµǱ˴˱˴ˡ
ص칫Ժһæ־Ƶֻ˿ĵһᡣ־ƸҪܲŻʱ䣬ʱȷһⰵһʱڴ绰ȥѯʡ
һһֱ־Ƶʦأ֮Ȼ󣬵;ΪڰǶ£ǶԷģָ߳һֱ䵱˺ʦһ㿴
Ҷϵ绰Ժһĥ˸ղ¬̬ȡͺ÷ƶƻʱĵģ˿Ӧˡ¬Ȼûо忴ǷݼƻͨԼһ۾ܿĹؼڡƻ޿ľһʲô̬ȣ¬ﶼûеףһʱҪţ쵼޹ݻȥ㱨
¬̬ȣһԿ֮ǰܻǰˣһȴǾƻܲʵʩȡڴ޿ĵ̬ȣ˵ˣҲʡίί֯׼ô㡣
һܲܳβҵģ¬ղԺıͦġһĻһĿľʹﵽˣ쵼ǰԼչʾһվΪԭûҲûʲôϵ
뵽Ժһֻûһ֮С˵ʵʱ䣬Ϊ˲ģ㿴һ㲻ĽһȻܵõ޿ĵϿɣ֮á
Ϊ˿Լİ칫ǰղϸоһһ١ȷԷ¥Ժæȥ׸ǻ㱨ΪԷν䣬˭֪׸ȴݺѵһͨԺ¶ŵҪ춢쵼ĻǺ׷ġ
Ϊ⻰Ժ󣬴ڸ칫һֱԷеĲ豭ط棬βͻػص˰칫ҡѾ˺һˣɾûĶ
׸ΪӰ칫ҳȥԺæվϰ칫ҵšʵеܲǸɵƣںһĽУʹƣеĻǰֽܾ޷ءҪǷ֮ǰĻʹΪˣʱͬˡͺˣɯɯҲ¶棬ٰΪߣֻʣ¹¼ҹˡ
ʱ䣬׸ֺ÷۾˶æµ̽һǾæʲôʲôڣ˶ġ㰵ʾΪӲȥһ£˭֪Ӳǰ˼ˣһضһң
ǰ׸ڼһһ¡ѩ𾭹෽ȷϷʳǲûоٰʲôѵ࣬˵֣ȥʲôˣ֪ˡ
׼ֽţ˭֪շһȥԺķ̸ˡȻ˵ĺת˼ȴ֣ȥʳ̨ﰲŵҪڱʲôСˡѩһķѾ豭Ϳˡ
׸Żؼ˵Ժ󣬺ǳԾ֮ǰǸ쵤ŮˣŵɢҥԺ󣬲㱻ӵƴʡȥ͸о̨Ӧ˻һӣڿȷʵˡ
׸ƣòƲʲôУһɻ⣬ֱΪֹԷûгСҪгһգԷ׼ʱǲǻɻ⣬׸һҲûСҲ˾ӣûоԻʤ֮ǰˣ
һ¬İ칫ҳԺһֱûףôҲ벻˹״̬ϾǸĸ˵Ѫ˵ʡί֯ĵһǹôƵˣǻǿϧ


ٰʮ ʱٿ
ٽ°ˣƿû绰һеסĸоҲܵ¬ǶȥʣֻӲԼת۵°ʱ䣬һȵȽ±¬еĲջǾʱ°ࡣƿҪǺϵĻ°ʱˣһֻģΪµġ
һ·ʱͻȻǱϵֻཱུһжŽˡҪƽʱĻһȵԺٿţǽ£ѳߣֻ鿴ֻŵķʾǡ¬塱һ벻¬Ըţ˽˺룬Ǿƿߵǲֻ
򿪶Ժֻд˼̵ļ֣Ǽƻֹ쵼㱨һŶſĵЦˣֻ·ǱϣȻͳһ֧ϻسֱ̳ԺһƽֻѸٸ¬һŹȥȻżҵķʻȥٶȱȸղſҪࡣ
ڶӵʱһȥ޹İ칫ҡ׼Ϲȥģһ¬ƿǸƻ˹мĶĺۼһõԺûæú÷ùȥ޸ģԼȰ¬޸ĵϸĦһ
¬û޸ķʵԵݣֻĳЩ˵˸ı䣬صǿ˸ݲ쵼ָʾ쵼ҪµȷݡһҪΪ˸޹ģǻǲܿóǻ˵
Ȼûʲô⣬һҲͷˣú÷ģתһ룬Ǹõͺ͸ʱ绰һңһ
÷һٴ޸ĵҪԺһҲԾⷽġ
ͺȴǼ֪÷۾ꡢڰһһҪ顣֮ǰ׸Ǳߵʱ֪ˣҲڵһԺǲ˼ʣܾ֪ʱһһġڿֱһҲûھ͵˸֪ʱһȻ˵ˡ
һͺһ˷ܵģµöԷͽǡôʹ÷һƣҿüͺصظɣӦҲһԦ֮ɡ
һڶε޹İ칫ңǶ˵ǲְģȴе˵
һҶԷ㱨ʱ޹͸һĿӣһһҪһ¬ʽ쵼ڣпܴǴԺʡί֯ͽ乬˵ɽģǹƵõȵˡǶ˵Ҳֲ쵼Ȼԣ쵼İ˼ƣǿɾ͸ˡ
ǿһԺ󣬲ҵæվŶԷЦŵ˵ͷȻֱվȥͨˡһṦǿͳˣһһơȶԷȥԺæȥݲ裬ȻشԺ󣬲ŻصԼС칫ҡ
ǿ֮˸һӣһϴȥʱ򣬶Էᣬһѵ쵼񫣬һ棬ʱ䣬о޹ƺǲʲôĶ쳣Сġ
ǿԴϴݺ׸ӣԷ޹״ԺϰͲôˡֻҪ΢Ҫһ飬޹ֱӴ绰ϵҪ֪Щɶȥġ
ʶԺǿ˸Сĵź⣬Ҳ׼Ȼֻһλ΢С飬ĳЩҲƵģϾһֱź쵼ңи紵ݶģܸоóˡЩһ£˵Ȼֻһ
һ޹Ժ΢Ц˵޲ͬ־ݵһҪεطɲ緽ģĿһ£ָ
Ҫ˵֯޹Ȼ¬ڶľͷһĪˡϴΪ˰׸İԷһ壬Ϊһʮþȵ顣벻ղⱻԷɻˣҷ˵棬ǿݺݴ׸
޹ڰǿɵƵͬʱҲһʹ޲ѡ
һĻ޹΢΢̧̧üëȻ˵ȷɣʱٿ
һͲһԷϾ쵼Ҳ޿κΡⷽڴϰǶѾͨˣҲ㲻ʲôһվЦ˵ã޲æҾͲˣټ
޹üëûֻ̧ǴӱǿһһԺϵǷݷֱӽͰ桭
һ죬һûнӵ޹ĵ绰ʼʱ򣬻е㲻Ҫȥ̽һһ룬´޿Ѿ֪ˣ¬ڷ޸ϰӦûǺӵġȻĻʲôżأ޹ԸѹǾѹŰɣʱ򿴾˭ù
죬һú⣬ڴԺѲ⣬ǺһԷ졢Ȳ衢ϴ衣ҶϪ裬һȲ֪ȵʱҲٶ˵ʲôˡԺ˻ȥһᣬȻŮˡ˵᲻ٽҶϪǾͲĵˡ
޿ĽǸѹͷѾܳʱˣ㶨ˣȻҪú÷ɷɡȷͨԺ󣬾ͽִн׶ˣǿɾеæˡ
һ磬޹ǱûκϢһеô¡ңҿ֮ǰѾõһֵϿɣҪָ޹ȥĻǹõȵҲлˡ


ٰʮ ҩһ
һڻ϶Ƿһ޹֮߸ˣһĻˣΪ治ܷʲô飬ûйϵѾˡ޹ǸĻǾͲܿƵˣν˭˭ҩ˵Ĵžô¡
ϵԺһӵ־Ƶĵ绰Է˵ʱ򣬻ᵽӦһæ˵ʱš־ƺܿĵشӦˣ漴ѯڹе
һѽڸԷһ㱨־ûжۣ¬ô˵ģһ¬˵Ļϸظһ顣
־󣬺ܿĵع䣬һʲô飬һҪ¬̣ڸõĿչ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺Ǹж־һֱһֱչˡƲ֣Ĺϵ̸֮һϧ˼ֻ־Ʊһ곤;Ҳ磬һֱ䵱һֳʦĽɫϣһѧ˺ܶΪˡΪ֮ǳ
־ͨԺ󣬸հֻ£ͻȻжһһ޹ĺ롣ûæŽϸ˼ʱ򣬶Է绰˵һΪǸ顣
һȻ޹绰ΪʲôһԿ϶ԲΪ˺۷ݵġһĻûбҪˡȻô죬һӦòΪɡ뵽ԺһͰֻӵɳϣһһ塣
һֶԺֻڻָ˰һһٴ޹ȷʵе㼱ˣԽˣһԽȥ绰һԺﲻɵøֳһʵ۲̫༱뵽޹̫࣬һЦ˳
ֻٴΰԺһϵذó״̬޹ô򣬶ӰͲˡ֮ǣ޹δԺ󣬾ûٴˡ
һֻ޶ˣǾͰĵĹ塣״̬ĺã˾һ·ɱȥڶԼҵ£Ȼֱӿҵľ죬Ȼ˺ɱұңҲûз̫ͱɱˡڶ̺͵һޣһңȻѹƱƵһɱ̵ʱҾȻǸųҲСɱöס
һܾûôˬˣ붼û룬ֱ˵̵Ŀʼʱֻ˵һһ޹벻ڻûģһԥذֻһߣͣһֻԺڻָƽ
һޱȵϷǱ޹ͬȹϵһ㡣ǰ˺üһĵ绰ɾû˽Ҳ֪Ϊȷʵûǹⲻӣ޹ƵòС
޹Ҫһôأ⻹ôϵٷ˵¬ȥӦѧϰаµʱ䣬˳ˣԼ˲ļ쵼һԷԼĩģΪ޿飬ԾƵһϡ
޹ÿ෹ֵʱǸġڴ޿ʡίίʡҪ쵼֮һڲĵλǷǳȻġ޹ҲǸǺͶԷһϵĻᲢ࣬ÿ̵ᣬ쳣ϧ
޿ĵ鲻ͼλԼ˶һСֵ޹ʱվ˵Ҹˣ⡣
޿ļһڣЦ˵Ⱦƿúѽ
޹ǿģ⻰Ժ΢΢һϰ⻰ָѽȾúѽأ⻰͵˵Ǿҷ뵽ʱ޹ֻú亹ֱð
޿ĵĻȻ˵ģڣ޹֪һʲôãԷᵱ˵ô˵ġھʲôԭ޹Ȼ֪һ֪޿ĵԷȻֻһС飬ȴܵô޿ĵΣЩȥǶʵĻһܵõ𰸡
޹Ժ˼ѾھˣǶĶ쵼ǶԷվߵʱæЦź˴кվҲ˳ȥ
ȥϲģǼһһֻơƣⲻͷԱѵͷԣʱΪ쵼񣬵Ҳв֮ǾܵñȽڡղһСܣԽŲǱȽϴġ
;˸˹Ų۾һɨ޹˶Է⡣״Ժӿ˽Ųϰ̫ðҲҪŻɫԷơ
޹оŲı仯һпǴ쵼ģԷղŷŲȻΪ˸ŵ˭Ѿ֪źˣûзŲߵøˣ޹ܲòʱûʲôϰ飬Է̬ôأæ鶼޹ˡ
֪ҪӲȥĻͲ֪ν⿪޿еĽᡣʱ䳤ˣĻǿɾ鷳ˡ
޹ſڵʱ򣬶ԷѾȥˣ뻹ǾšȻȥĻҲ˵㣬֮䣬ӦûûǷϣԻʵźš
Ժƿųˣ޹æӭȥ
ʱװշֶԷӣЦʵ޲ôҲȶˣƺȥǺˣҶˡ˵ͱߣĿľǲ޹ڵĻᡣ
޹ȻҲ˶ԷͼſվôõĸˣôöԷءǰһõס·ЦΣеһ£᲻Ӱɣ


ٰʮ ҩ
ԷԲưոݵģղǻҲһ̬ѣԷϾǸܲӵġ޹ĻЦ˵޲˵⻰ɾеˣʲôָʾֱ˵֪޲ԡ޲
Σˬ죬Ҽˡ޹Ц˵´ͳˣһ֧ȻװʵǴϰߵĺˣһ£ûйϵĳ˵ϢЩ˾Ω²ңܾϲڱĵģ˵ǰɣ
΢΢˵ͷȴΪȻϰпȫ⣬ú÷ʡԼ֪ˡ
޹ıԺһ࣬ղǻҪ̽ԷģĿǰƺе㲻̫⡣˿̣ѾﻢˣֻӲͷƤ˵ΣЦղھ쵼Ƶʱ򣬷˵⣬ָԽġ
Էѻ˵ˣҪװƵĻǿɾе˵ȥˡ޹һۣС˵޲ղ˵һ治ô
޹˵ǰʱɫʱתƣЦ˵Σʲôֻ˵ǸղǾ仰ָԽģĻĶ˵ĶˣԺû˵Ҳûϵܵ飬һμ
޹ĻԺæ˵޲⻰ˣֻеղ׼ǲǺйϵ
޹󣬼òУ룬㵹˵ѽ֪ûйϵˡϻǲɫ˵һ䣬Ըꡣ
ѹ˵޲ֹܵİɣ
޹æ˵ͷϵıȴȿϻ࣬Ϊһ˺ڹƵ˼㡣
˵ǰʱ䣬˵ϰʲôⶼ˺óʱˣûмҲ£ϰⷽе㲻ˬȻҲǡ
޹⻰Ժʧʵ
˵ͷɻؿ޹ʵô޲ˣ㲻˵⻰ʱ۽޹ͨı鿴ҪĶ
޹⻰Ժһæ˵ûûǸڼǿضķ⻰Ժ޹⣬Էղſû˵ʲôʸڷϼǸô֪أ
޹һεɫЦ˵޲ֻҵ룬벻ԻһҪûʲôĻҾȹȥˡ
޹⻰ԺŷӦæ˵Σ룬룬һҪһ£ллˣ
ЦųԷ˵ͷȥˡ
Ŀ뿪Ժ޹䣬ɫ࣬üͷƵ˼㡣벻մ㣬ȴ۾֮ǰѾĻڿӸһ˼׾ٵض㿪ˣȴһͷ˽ȥ
ףһⷽԺΪʲôͲŲˣԭ˼ء޹ֵʱǷӽͰʱҲһϣĽʱ˿̣޹ķԼһʮɵơ
ڸɾ޹ﲻˬ˼㣬޲һ̻һ˿ȴòԽݣͶԷϵøΪƵǣȻ绰Էûнóʱˣٵȥô޿ĵϣֻõȳ극Ժ˵ˡ
ɢԺ޹ϳԺһǲһĵ绰Ȼû˽޹ҪץĸоԷӵ绰Ҳ޿κΣֻõϰԺ˵
һ˿в֪Χݸ޹ǸȻô飬˼ϷԺϴ˯ˡʱ䣬ҲӦһ˵˶м˼⣬һ˳ԱȫҲӻͦġ
Ĺоϻּ⻰֮ǰ꣬Ϊɴεʵһ֤ȷġһһʱѾ˵ˣѾûʵȥĥֻΪʲôûˣȥϴһԺæϳʡί֯ȥ
ѾŬˣɵλʱǳ˽ʮӡս칫ңͺ͸˽ߵһߣ˵ղв쵼ˣҿǼƺ߲ơ
Ŷһ⣬Ȼһ㣬ҲŸϰѽĸ쵼ʱأδе̫뵽ʱһǰһżͺʵ˵ޣ
ͺûлشֻ˵ͷ
һ֮뵽޹ΪԷһ˺ü绰ûнӡԷһ£Խһ͹Ҳ֮СѾԿ϶޹һΪǷ飬˴󶯸ɸģҹ绰һ͵Űݷˡ
뵽ԺżͺЦ˵У֪ˣлл͸
ͺ⻰ԺȺģ׸ʱ򣬰ȴûԷ˵һл֡Ц˵ô˵ɾ̫ˣҼ쵼ղŹʱƺ̫ģô˵ԼǰȻһ
һ󣬵˵ͷ˵û£ģ
ʱ޹Ϊʲôģǰ绰ͺ˵⡣Էʱڣɨӣһ״顣˵Էôǵδã˵ˣ˿̶ԷӦͽŶԡ
ͺմһİ칫ҳȥԺ׸˽ϴȥԺ⻹׸һ칫ҡһ֪еĿģҲûиӣ𵶵Ų豭Ȳ衣


ٰʮ ҩ
׸˿ǿģܳһʱûôֹˡһıԺǲˬ룬ɪһᣬҾͲһ㲻ҴʱĻɱִ
ھһİ칫Լ׵λͣ˽ŲȻص˵ղ޲㣬㾹Ȼڣߵʱ򣬿ģٵδе̫ʱˡ
һԷһֻӣĺܲˬǳʵ踱˼˵ҳٵӣҪɣʲôʺϳٵԺ˵İ졣
׸ղŻǵ⣬Է⻰ԺϾ΢΢֮СǴչȥ˳ģûȤ׸Ҫ̸ƤӵĻԶԶһĶ֣ȻĻûҪûȤˡ
һһۣȻ˵촦Ҹղǻȫǳڶ˵ĹģȻ㲻飬Ǿû˵ҹҪǸ㣬ղ޲ʱ˵Ժȥİ칫һˣм㡣Ҵˣ˵ȥȥʲôʱȥǾͲҹĵˣټ
˵⻰Ժ󣬲һʾ׸Ѿſȥɿȥм֮Уʵ͵Цѣ˵ɾһüĺûᡣ
һһȥ޹İ칫ԺҲҸҲȥúüʶһһﵹùʱӡ뵽ʱ׸޲쳤ЦһԴһԺһֱ·磬ò״һῴԷȻҪúðա
һ׸ӣһȥڰζԷֱӰᵽ̨ˡɺмֳ֮Σ˼һһ׸ǰʱȥܵ͵ķ֣ھصȴᡣûˣԾȲ˳ʵ֪ô£Ҫ֪ĻͲ˵ıˡ
뵽Ժһɵҡҡͷ˾ֻҪɫܿȾ˺Ρ
пһԺһվȥô˵Ҫĵһȥ޹˵һԷΪ쵼ȻڣȻǹģҲȷʵе˵ȥԹȥкǺܱҪġ
һ¥Ժֱ޹İ칫ҡǿԺ󣬾öԷϵɫԣֱһ󲡳ӡһú֣û˵Էѽʱ򣬺񻹲ӡ֮ûʲôӣҲʲô˻˸ͷǴк
޹ʱ򣬿һŭݣһһҲ֣ⱾһϲŭɫˣҪװһʲôҲûӣǷ˾˹ˡԷӣһȴܣϰﾭ˵ģٴһѹˡ
һǰһ˵޲Ϻã
޹⻰Ժ̧ͷɨһһۣȻ󵭵˵ҿû촦磬һ£ǲǵϰʱˣҺûӵ֪ⷽͨѽ촦˵أ
һ⻰Ժǲˬ糿ٵ϶Ĳԣһʡί֯ĸڰС£ŵ˵ɡһǲҪѶԷ⻰ȥͻȻƵѵߵĻ˻ȥ
һתͷſڿȥʱֻ׸ſڽ޹Ц޲촦ѽһΪûģ׼쵼㱨һġ
һⲻײĽͣ׹ˣЦġҪĻ׼޹˺Ǵ˿Ҳ˲ôˡΪ׸޹װӣһȥԺ󣬻֪ôءһ޹һۣﰵΪң¾ȥˣģǿɾͱˡ
޹׼Ϊֹˣڼ¹ˣôҲܷŹװƵĻᡣ޹΢΢ǰ㣬Ȼһض׸˵׸˵˵ǲҵϢʱˣҪôϰʱ䣬Щ˵Ӱأ
׸⻰￪ļˣһƽװģ˼һԺ˵޲û˵Ϣʱѽ˵⻰˼ǡ
һһһ͵ģﲻˬ˼㣬ٸӡԺ˵踱ûѽ쵼˵糿ٵˡ޲ȱ̬糿ҳٵȷʵԣ㿴ҪʲôͻͣĸҶܡ˵Ӧ˰ɣҪûʲôµĻҾˡټ
һ˵⻰Ժ󣬲˷Ӧվֱȥ޹ֹʱ򣬶ԷӰѾˡʱ޹ʶղװװеˣһӴ˵֪ôźá
޹ı糿ٵ飬һһǼƻֽš˭֪ԷȻֱվȥ޹һǳٵʮӣô˵Ҳϵ͡͵Ĵ֣ղ֮ԽץסţҲӻ
ڶԷһԸֱܴ֣ˣһĻ޹ɾͷˡϴζԷǸֱӱӽͰ棬ҪһȻǲˡ
ҪҪĻֻһϲУҲ绰һȥҶԷԭڸĶȥһҪǲȥԷ𣿿ҪǲȥҪĻ޿ֹȥأھѾˣҪٲ취ĻǿɾԴˣ֪ʲôͷˡ


ٰʮ ҩģ
޹֮ǰһ͹ķ㶪Ѿ˶ԲߣǾҸ˳ס뷨ȥ˼Ļǿõѡһյ칫ҾͰǿҹѵһ٣͹һؼ鷽Ķȥˡ
ǿѹûȻ˵޹ݺһ١ǲǿԽҲһˣԴ޿˽ҲͿ۵顣
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޹⻰Ժɫһŭ˵˵ʲôأĶгٸ͸ֵĵһĻҪ£¾û˲ˡ˵˼Ҵ֣ܸˣ
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޹׸ıԺﰵ룬ֻ϶ԽˣҪȻǸûطȥЦŶ׸˵׸ѽʱ䣬㶼æЩʲôأ
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׸޹ǰȻûʲôģȫʵʵ˵
޹˿̸û˼ע׸ʲôôΪĻҸͷ׸˵Ժ˵׸ѽȥɲѽҪǱ쵼֪ˣĳɳչɺǲѽ
˵⻰Ҳؼԭʲô֪ôӺδ֡׸ָ˵Ҳ˼ȫһ죬˵ˣղţ㡭
˵һʱ׸ͣĴ˶Էۣ޹ϱûʲôõı飬ŷղǻҪĿȻΪ˺һҲе޹˼е㵣ģԷ쭡
޹׸ĻԺȻˬȴûз˿̣Ҫ׸İٰѶԷʹһͨĻٺȥ治֪Ǻˡ
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׸֪Էô˵Ŀģʶص˵ͷ
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ʲôءɲ鷽׸ǵһ˵һ磬سԷʵ
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׸⻰Ժһæ˵ǣֻȷһ˵ǲظɲ鷽
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׸ֱӰ۾йģתһ룬ҪôĻƺе㲻̫ʡ˶֪һԸ۾ҲǶԷˣֱȥĻԷһأпܡ
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ٰʮ ҩ壩
еĹؽԺһ绰üͺ󡢺÷۾һһİ칫Ҵ˴ԼʮңȻظԵİ칫ȥˡ÷صһҺͶԺĵһæµȻ㰲ĵػصԼİ칫ǰæͷĹ
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Ҷϵ绰Ժ۾ȥһ칫һ㱨µģһ룬ƺе㲻סɾ͵ֱӺ׸׾ˣ˵ν۾굣ĵǻ᲻һ鷳뻹Ǿ̫ʣóֻһһŹȥ
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۾꿴һжȻʲô£Ϊһ֮˵ֻơĻҲȷʵܸжˡ
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ֹʮԺ׸Ƶæӣһسſ˵
۾ƿŽʱ׸һϲ漴ѸתơǿԷֿտգϱ˵ˣֽƬûС׸֪Է⳪һӲѹӣԷô˵
۾ȴ̹Ȼ׸󷽵Ȼ̧ͷŶԷ΢΢һЦʵ账ʲô飿
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׸ĻԺ󣬺ǲʵ۾꣬˵⻰ʲô˼ʲôһϰͺˣ
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ʶԺ׸ǳйˣ绰޹ûˣǻ°ˡ˵ôֻһһʵûʱֻʵʵ˵²ϸ˵Ҳֲ˼ǴֻǸְѣȻǷġ
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޹⻰Ժæ˵˵Σת沿оټӹһ£Ҿ͸͹ȥ
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׸ȻܲԸǲò޹İ칫ȥ׻˵úãǸǻǻ㲻ͷһͷҲһ㲻ȥġ
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׸Ժ޹ƣ֮ǰнǸʲôģϾ⻹ۡղŽӵǸ绰Ժ˹ϳԷʱ֮԰Ϣ͸¶ҲǴ޿ġȻ֪ô춼ûж˼ֻô绰ֱˡ


ٰʮ ҩ
ϣϰǾе㲻ˬˣֹ죬޹е㲻ˡҪǰһأֻȥһСˣ޹Ҳ벻ȻȥһëͷСӵͷ䣬Ŀǰƺͽ⣬ƵòС
޹Ͳղһ룬ϵĶ漴ͣסˣϸ˼һ⻰ô˵ҪһСĵ˶ԷĻ֮Ĺϵ漫пܳ׽ˣĻָԷְæĻڳ˵һˣ޹һ㡣
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һǰʱ򣬾ѾõϢˣϰĳҪķòòϢ¬ƿȻ˵ʱǺתģһֻҪתе˼
ߵ绰ԺһʶؾӦ޹ҪӣǶԷҪǼ绰û˽ӣֱĻڰ칫棬ȴⲻӵ绰ǿɾеˡȵ绰ġԺ󣬲̵绰˵ιλ
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޲ãʲô𣿡һ¹֮䣬˵ˣмֲζ
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һ˶Է⻰Ժ󣬰ЦѣԷ̬֮ԻһٰʮȵĹ䣬ǸйءϰǱһСѹǲʾġ
޲ͷе飬ԼСʱԺȥǣ㿴һ˼Ժ󣬻شԺǰ޹׵ˣҲûҪֺöԷˣµ̵ӡ
Уҵ㣡޹ĵ˵
˻ټԺ޹۵һѻͲ˵绰ϣ̫ˡԴ˸Ժûô˹Ȼ쵼ǰ⡣ԵĿɲǴ޿ġ¬ֻһСѣСǹܵģȻ˵ȥԷ޹˿ɱһĶˣվڰ칫һתȦ
һ޹칫Ժ󣬶Է̬ȺõòСһгԺ޹ֱӽ⣬һǸ顣
һһۣɻʵ޲㲻˰ɣǸںü֮ǰѾһˣʱͷġһ˵ָָ޹칫Ͻǡ
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޹⻰ԺһæʵһûʲôɣҪСһȥһ£
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һԺԶԶľͿиվ칫ҵſڣǰԺڿ˵Ŀˣǿ˭أ


ٰʮ ҩߣ
ǿԶʱһЦ˵ΣһӭҰɣҿˣĻӦȥӭѽе㱾ĩѽ
ǿ⻰Ժϵıȿ޻ҪѿΪôһƵվſѽɶǱƵģң޹ʹ绰ˣϰ֮ǰȥһȻһõԺ͵İ칫
ǿҶϵ绰Ժ󣬿˿ʱ䣬룬ֻ޹ȥӦ꣬ȻԷֺͼϰһȲ衢ģһֱڵҹصڴϵʱѾһˣһ绹˯ᣬˡ
ǿ޹ŮһһʺһԺ󣬱ˣſڵʱ򣬲ߵ㣬㣬˵ĻǼһ֪һְˡʱСźţ˻ǲУǰһأͲһȥǿѹûмʲôظɲ鷽޹ƫ˵㶪ģǰٿѱ磬ʺҲʺˡ
죬һ޹㱨ʱǿǿץһļ뿪ʱֿտա칫Ұ޹ˮʱ򣬿ǷļģһֽͰʱֻҴɨһۣû̫ġ
һǴϰ߶ϰļˣ޲Ϊֻˡǿʡί֯ҲˣµʣΪĻʲôĶΪһҲҴ⣬ľظɺñְԲٳˣĻ롣
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ǿæ˵ͷ˵ѽϰһʹ绰ˣصһǸ
һ˿еǿ·Բ˵ʲôνԶʧȶԷ˵Ժ޲糿绰ˣҴˣø㡣һ˵Կ״š
ԺһӰóֱӵݸǿ
ǿӵԺʵ촦Ѿһ˰ɣϴκֱӽ޲ϵģǰɣ
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޹ǿѷŵԺͷһʯͷ˵أȵسŶԷ˻֣ʾȥǿԺæֱùǸؿе㵣һøٵĶϸͨһ飬ȷûԺŷ
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޹æ˵õģõġ
޿ļ޹ӣƺ˵ѽʡίҪ쵼һֱǿһҪǿɲ罨裬ҾҪץ罨ĸʵĸ֣̤ʵءأ
޹⻰Ժ΢΢һ漴˶Է˼ǵͨ죬æ˵ǣԺһעģ
׸޹һۣû˵ֶϵĲ豭޹״Цصһټ뿪˲칫ҡ


پʮ ϰټ
ʱһͻȻӵֵĵ绰յͬѣһе㲻֪ӦԵĸо绰ͨԺ󣬶ԷҪԷһʱ乤ȽæΪɣˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһһ£ֻ׼÷лԣ˹ȥ˽һ־ʲô
绰ͨԺһûйĨǵģֱ˵еʡлԣȻʡίлĶӣۣ֮Ӿ˹ϵ˵Ȼòˡ
лһĻæ˵磬һ׼ϴ绰ġǸͬѧҪȥԷԺ󣬻׼ǸģһؾˡϳʱҺ˵һ䣬ڱ֯Ǳߵһֺ̫ûʲô취
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лԣΪһ绰ǶʲôģԲʵ˵ʵҪ׼ְһѵĻʲôΪѵ飬һ绰顣
һæ˵ԣҵ˼ˣܺã˵ʵ͵ѧһѾȫһˣ¾ɡ
ãллָ㡣лԣ˳һƨ
һЦЦûж˵ʲô绰ԺѾ˽еˣһĻ֪ӦˡΪͬѣʵһĻʲôҲ˵һҲһѵġĻ˸׳֣ȥĻһֻˤøأĻпǣɾûҪˡ
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˵ٷԵúǢ־ƺһֱ˵ڹе¬Լظ˽𡣴ʱ˵ʦ˵ѡƿһ÷ǳ棬Ժ·ʡί֯ȥǷŵطȥ־ƺһ˵Щ˵ǷǳҪľ顣
־һ㵽ظɲ鷽Ժ󣬺ܸȤϸѯʵʩԼ衣¬ɵõ˵ͷ漴˵һ䣬鷽쵼ѽؿɾҪˣ粻ֹѽ
־ƺһ⻰Ժ󣬻һۣ˭û˵ȻµسԷȾˡ
Ժ¬뿪æµӰһһҪȥϳӡ־Ƶķ俪ˣһ׼ˣ˭֪Է˵һ䣬Ȼң˳·ӻȥ
һ֪ԷķȻˣȴס⣬ûֱĳ뿪һ֪־ƹҲʲôˣҪȻСĽӦһʲôĿĵģԷ˵Ὺʵġ֮Ĺϵܺãʦѣ˭Լܣǹڹٳ;ģǲΪ˵Ҳ
һ־͵ʡҽԺ󣬾͵תͷ۾ʻȥ
ϢԺһоǳ档Ȼ֪־Ӧ죬ȴûкͶԷϵһµģϾ۹˾ˣҪĻԷһϵġ
һյ칫ң칫ϵߵ绰һһһæЦ˵Σãʲôָʾ
⻰Ժæ˵˵󴦳ͬ־ô˵ģĶ쵼һػ˵ЦˣҸһ£ʮҵʱڰ칫ҵ㡣
һ⻰Ժ룬޿ĽĻʮа˾ΪǸ飬СĽ˵һ䣬ܶ͸¶һ£˭
⻰Ժѹ˵ܲΪǸǸ飬ˣͱˡ
һ⻰Ժæ˵ģϵܣ֪ˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһʱ仹磬ְǸóϸһҪǵʱ򱻴޿Ļ޹סˣ˿ɶѼȥˡж֮ʱ绰ͻȻδ޹һǸú׼һ£һᲿҪʣǧܳʲôӡ
һӦһ漴˵Էʾл޹ԲôĵģĵһʱҪǻشĻ޿ļпǨŭԲŴ绰


پʮһ ҵĴ
һҶϵ绰Ժ󣬷˲٣ֻҪ޹ںҲͣһᱻ޿ס˵ġⷽ䲻ֲģȴһһһá޸ģⷽ൱˽ģټ֮ǰ¬Ѿʾ޿ˣдĻԷȾͻˡ
һܵˣ޹ȴﰵ㡣Ϊ飬Ѿ޿ĵˣᣬһҪ뷽跨ذѶԷ뷨Ťת˵ķѾˣ䱣ҪԼû£ҪеΣĻһӦȥġ
ŵʱһֱȥ˴޿ĵİ칫ңȥ޹ǣȶԷһȥġתһ룬֮ǰ鷴Ѿ޹ˣҲûҪôʵˣôôɡ
һ칫ҵʱ򣬶Էڴ绰һԺЦŵ˵ͷȻָָһߵɳһĶȻָһµ绰һǸơһЦŵ˵ͷʾ⡣
绰Ժ󣬱վһݲ衣һæǰΪԼһ裬Ȼѹ˵ΣʲôʱʱӼһϸ磿
촦̫ˣʱȷʵæҲˡʱ䣬ҪȥһˣҲøȥʱٺúþһۡ˵
УҾ;ˣǺǣһЦ˵
󣬵˵ͷȻһһĶʡί֯Ҫأһʲô紵ݶĻͻᴫǷ꣬·ǳĽһʶԺ󣬱һһݡձζؿȻֽϾдЩʲôһҲûпȥ
ǽϹӵʱָŵʮʱ˽Ųһһо޹ˣʱ䣬ƺһ㡣ΪְټĻǰһӹͲˡ޹ǰߡ˷ӣȻе㲻
޹Ӱſڵʱһһѵصʿһ㣬ѸվȻͬ˵޲ã
޹ĵص˵ͷǺ֣Ȼ߰쵽һĸǰ߹˵Сӹ֮ǰҲ˵ȥ֪һҺúһһڰ칫ȡ
һЦ˵޲ɹֲңӦȹҪһĻ·
ôһ˵񵹱ҵĲˣУСӻ˵ƽˡ޹Ц˵
һںЦ˶ûзſϰɻءҪЦˬĻǸԼҲڡ
ʮ׼ʱ˴޿ĵİ칫ңȻΪԷйȥԺ󣬹һӾͳˣȻ޹һһĶ˽ȥԺǸղźȵĲ豭˽ȥ֪ⷬʱ̲ˣðѺڹá
һϣȥԺ󣬴޿ֱӿżɽ˵һһϸĽܣȻ޹̸һ̸Ŀ
޹ڴ޿ĺʱҲˣ֪µķڰһǸ֮ǰָӡһݣڼｫúоһ˵Ҳͷͷǵ
˵Ժ󣬴޿Ҳ˵Ŀرᵽܺã¼豸ľٴǺдģô䵽ʵı֤ǿȻ㶽ĻҪڶӲڼĹУȷʵ⣬һҪദϢ顣
޿һԺ˵ɣʱȥһ¬һ£ЩΥĹԱδȻдȥȰӿԺ󣬾ŷȥ졣
һ޹Ժ󣬶ص˵ͷ޿ĵ˳ʵʩı֤һʱΪʲôû㿼ǽȥأΪⷽҪʵʩĻһʡί֯ģǶڱ鴦ԱĴ⣬͵в쵼һССĸɲôԽִأĻ쵼ǵô롣
һ޿˵ʱ֪ѾˣǸվˣ޹˿û뿪˼ҲͲ֨ˡԷϾǸܸɲĶ쵼ڣ˵ĵ޹˼ǲĻѾ˵ˣ̬ˣȻøˣܲڵȴϰ߰ɣҲ̫֪ˡ
޹˿˼ôҪ˵Ļ֮ǰѾ䱣ˣǧҪ㵽ǶˣȴûסĻеĸо
һ޹ɮ붨һһʹ˺üɫԷ޶ãʵûа취ˣֻ̽ͷȥ޹Ķ޲޲
޹һĺԺ󣬲γѣ˶ԷһۡһŬʱ޹ʶ޿ĵĻѾ˵ˣòǸˡʶԺæ˵м㱨һ£֪
޿Ц˵˵ʲô֮仹ʲô˵һ⣬ûбˣ⻰ҪǸȥһΪҴĳ֯һѽһ˵ǰɣ
һ˴޿ĵ⻰Ժ治֪λش͵ص޹һۣȻ˵һ޲ˣԲ˼޲˵ǰɣһһƤ߻ص޹ǣﰵлֱ˵װƵĻԼùҶꡣ
޹벻ĻԺ󣬴޿Ļ˵ʱ¥ĶˡһĻԺæ˵ҾԲǸ˼ˣұòҵĴ


پʮ 
޿޹ĻԺЦ˵ˣֻЦʲô˵ɣһôˣ˭˽˭
޹¬˵һæ˵޲Ҫ֣һ֮ǰͰⷽ͵ȥˣóȥ飬ԾСŵġ˭֪ëëŵģһӲ֪ŵĶȥˣʹ˱ûܼʱ쵼ϱݷ벿
޿޹֮ǰ֪˵ʲôˡԷһڰγеûʲôⱾͲʲô˵顣벻޹еζƵϣô޿ľͺǲˬˣⲻǵ͵ĺŪ쵼
뵽Ժ󣬴޿˵ŶԭôѽǹӦôأ
޹⻰Ժǵ⣬Ҫľ仰Ϳ԰õĴ˵ˡһװʹĵ˵ǿͬ־˵ˣƽʱĹҲ㲻εȷʵǴˣһһǳصĴҾôѾʺٵ鹤ˡ֯飬ǲǿ԰ǿĹλһ£˵ҲһѵȻˣǾ͸геľĺ
˵ʱɨһһۣ·ǸҲǰλһ㡣һ󣬰ͷתһߣֱ˶Էⷬ
޿޹⻰Ժ룬ⷬ˵ûа⣬ʵǷҲ飬ֻǸѡ
ͨ飬ʹô޿Ľһ޹Ʒһﲻ䣬һĺô˵˼Ϊ氰ǰĺü꣬˵õʲôģΪ㱳ڹڹԺ󣬻ûжʱˡ
ʶԺ󣬴޿ʵڲٺ޹ĥߴˣ˵ǿ飬ȻѾʺλˣҪûκڵλʱҪء
޹޿ĵĻԺЦ˵ǣǣָʾһϣһᾡõġ
޿⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷ漴˰칫ϲ豭ССڵ衣޹ʱĲȥӦ֮ղ࣬æվԷһټȥˡһȻҲշץҩ
һص칫Ժ޹ղŷԭ˼ǿĻ⡣ͨ飬һ޹׸ȸ˿ɲֹһΣ˲թƻĺǿ飬˵ˣȻΪһС£ͽˣһ쵼
뵽ʱһ͵ؼϴǿ˵ЩʱеĪҵˡǿҲ֪޹ˣпܻᶯԼ׳֦ǿҲȥôҪȻԲܶϤ޹뷨
Ȼ޹֮ѾϾˣǺǿ޵ϵӦҲʲô¡뵽ԺһóֻǿһŹȥֻĸ֣衣ȻǿѾо޹ǿţһе˼ġ
һṦǿĻظ͹ˣллģ֪ܷпһۣһ΢΢һЦȻɾȻֻŵ˰칫ϡ
Ҫ޹ĻǿһȷʵҪͶԷϵȻʱԡǿձ޹ˣԹ죬״̬ǼǵģһʱܺһȥĻҲ޹ľʹ֮Ĺϵһ񻯡
ϰԺһ׼ȥ޹İ칫ңԷѾתر˲ҪٲӵĻǾһĲˡ˭֪׼칫ϵߵ绰
һһ޹ĵ绰ڵ绰˵ȥ飬һֱȥ¬ΥɲĴ
һ룬Ҿȥ¬ˣʱҪȥİ칫һ㱨ҪʲôĻ޸ˣҪȥ¬ⲻǵ͵İѼ򵥵
뵽Ժһŵ绰˵޲Ҫаɣʱ䣬һȥ¬ǰɣҪȻλ쵼ҪǲͳһĻµģͲ֪Ǻˡ
һԴʶ³׵޹ԺҲƹˤˣ˵ʲôĶֱӶɴࡣ
޹ԺɫһԷ˵ɻеû쵼Ȼ֮ǰȷʵ뷨ֻˡһ˵Ҫأȷʵ飬һʱ߲ɣ¬ʲô˵İ졣ѷ޸ĺԺһ磬ֱӺһȥҲ
һԷһ˵ŷˡԸ޹ڣ¬ʱ򣬾Ϳ԰ѻ˵͸һ㣬ҪȻòšҴţԷ˼ȻǷѾ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһڼȻ޹ȥˣ¬һĿȻиģӰӣȴûȥ˼Ϊ֮ǰ¸ҪȥԽģ쵼һóġڵб仯ˣ¬ʲô뷨һҲԼ˵ģʱ򣬺һͨĻǿɲС
һǰḶ́ϸ˼һԺеˡ޿ͨһҪʵĳЩĿģһĻʩӦҪһ㣬ѥץʽĴһҪģĻܸﲻҪʵֵĿġ


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뵽Ժһֻعͷϸ˼һԽ뷨еһ¬ѯʱݴ˵ĻӦþͶˡ˵ˣ¬֮ĹϵͶ˵˵ĻҲûʲô˵ģԷһἰʱѡġ
Ժһվ¥İ칫ȥ
¬֮ǰҲѾӵ˴޿ĵĵ绰֪һ޹ڱΥԱĴ⡣һһ˽Ժѹʵôֻһˣûһѽ
һ⻰Ժһȣ¬ʵĻǾûˣæ޹绰˵һ¬һת
¬󣬵˵ͷ޹ԭһ֯иг飬Թڻ潻ӡȻԷѾ˵ϣκ¬Ҳٺƽˡ޹ϾҲǸë˵ĻҲûǸҪ
¬һ۶һЦ˵ͷģ̸⣬˵˵
һ⻰ԺﰵȻҵϣ֮ǰڰ칫ҵ뷨г
¬һĻ˽ŶԷ̽ʵԼ뷨֮ǰ쵼йʾ
һ⻰Ժ֪ղڰ칫ҵǷȷģҪȻ¬ʡ¬壬ֻҸһЩ뷨˵ĲԵĵطָ
¬⻰ԺֶһۣԷһ̹ȻغӡﲻɵòʣСӾǿһʲôϹèײӣ뵽ʱ¬̽Էһ£豭ڲԺһ˵˵Ҫôɡ
һ¬һۣ˼Ժ˵¬壬Ҿ¼Ȼôˣ̫ĻعԱӣһģҲͬˡ
¬⻰Ժ󣬰˵ͷһղŵⷬеֻǾ£ûгȥǲĿ˵ʲôͨղŵĻش𣬻
¬ѷϣϸжһȻ˼һһ˵ɣƾͽиɲжС飬Ϊһ飬һҵʱ䣬ȫʡضһܣĻӳ١һĻͿ԰ѻѡٹȥڸõĿչ
һ¬ĻԺ󣬵˵ͷʾ֪ˡǵķϵĽֹʱ»ѡ֮ǰ¬ֽƳĸ¡Ҳһ˵³
¬һڲԺ˵˵ΥطԱĴ⣬µģְͣȻʱϱоԺ֮յĴԼģͬ־ҪʱϱȲ쵼쵼Ժپ嶨
һñʰѸղ¬˵ϸؼ¼дԺ̧ͷһ˫ص˵¬壬˼Ҷˡ
¬⻰ԺЦŵ˵ͷ룬С֮ǰ˵Ƿʱ򣬾Ѿоһ˿Ϣʱ򲻻˵Ļ¬̺óһ֧漴̺Ӹһ
һסԺæվ¬ŻȻóһ֧ϡ
һԺ¬ĳ˵һѽһĻܾҪڷ˼ˣֵ˼㵽¸¸ˣûʲô뷨ˣûҪ˵ЩͷԵĶôľô˵
һһжһֱ¬ֶѵһڻֱӱ
̷̻Ҹ˵¬壬ڵУǶʱ䣬ȷʵ뷨ǵԺҵĹͷת䡣˵ܵĸλҪ߾ΪһΪ˵̫ˣľòĸλ϶Ҫ飬ʲôҲɣӵĻҲԸ⿴ġ
¬⻰ԺЦ˵СаӦǾϻ֪ĪѽںͨʱҲô˵ģǺǣ
һ󣬴󺹲ѣԭں֮ǰԷѾˡҪղ˵һùĵĻ¬ٰ̩ɽĻ˵Կѽ
һѽȻĿǰ˽ΪʶҲòٺ˵ʲôˡ¬һ˵ǿ㣬һҪ
һ¬ĻԺһæһϴļơʱ¬֮ϵҲǱȽ϶ģȴǵһµ˵ڳһ쳣̬
¬΢΢˵ͷȻ˵һȥԺһþµҪʵˣǧܸץסСӣĻǵĹ뱻˼ҪҸһ£쳣ҪѡʱһҪأʵʩʱҪʵһһʵˣԿչĹǺġ
һ˵ͷ¬˵㣬֮ǰѾǵˡôĶҪʵʩĻ֮ǰһҪһһ£Ļһ⣬п޷ʰ
һ¬һۣش¬壬˵Ҽˣھ幤Уһᶢǵģκ⡣һ˵⻰мɱϵ˼
¬һıԺ΢΢˵ͷȿǸԺ󣬾֪²ôøģһСĵĻܰԼݽȥ޿֮ǰһ飬ҲܴںͶԷʱҲʶص䡣޿Ҳŵʱɲǣͷǹʹ󶼻ǻڸɲͷϡ


پʮ 
¬Ψһܰһȡˣģȴߵ鷢޹ֹܵģ˵ˣ¬һĹߣҲҴ޿ĹͨԭڣΪƷ£ɲǸɲ
¬һڲԺ󣬼˵Ҫ˵ܸΪһ㣬֮ǰһֱûк˵Ӧʱˣ֪һˣҲûҪ̫⡣
һ¬˵˵Ӧò򵥣ûпڣֻĬĬֱӡ
¬αһɣ˵ǰʱ䣬ȥ֮ǰྩүӵ˵״ȻסˣԲֹۡ
һʱɫһݣе¬˵Щԭˡ¬үͬһôһ㣬֧壬ҾĺǻÿһС׳ɳôˣСǵͿ֪ѹ¬ҪЩǽҪһηǳѵҪɹˡ
¬˵ʱ򣬿һ˼û˵ȥ׼ȸʱǰ˼һ¡
֮ǰ֣ʱ˵ĿͲ̫һ£֣ΪûҪһϾʱӴô߲Ķ¬ȴ֪׼ҲʲôöԷӦ
һϸ˼һԺ̧ͷ¬¶һ˿Ȼ΢ЦȻ󿪿˵¬壬˵˼ˡ
¬˵ͷһ֧Ժ󣬼˵ҲжˣӦ˽ˣҲãʡҲգ߲ҲһĹϵ۸ӡ
˵үһȻѺܶ࣬Ǳ鲼ģҲвٲ̫۵ˡ⼸꣬үѾⷽ˲ٵ飬Щ˾ͻưոݵġ֪𣿡
һ͵¬ʣʶص˵ͷҺ¬һҲǺɫ壬ϼǰ뿪Ժ¬Ѿͬնˣѵ
¬һɻı飬˵үӰѺ֮ìܶ⿪ˣһЩȥģֻʣҡ꣬үӺλ֮иᣬ˵͵ʱĴ󻷾кܴϵ֮ĳԹȴʹ˽¡
һԺһζ¬Һ֮伫пγĵľ棬¹˭ֻ˵Ȼ¬ռƣԺָ˵أ¬үи̵Ļ
뵽⣬¬Ϳ˵ˡ˵үһǳٵˣʱǻǴϷģʱĻɾ˵ˡûʡ˵ǷӦȽϿģֱȽ磬ΣںҲֻҺ㣬־ơǱ߹ƣԷҪǽаĻпܻĵط֣Ҳ˵пߡ
Ժһ¬˵һĻ⡣¬һۣ˵¬壬ģ־ƸѶ棬ҳû⡣
¬ЦЦ˵ҸЩȥģֻиǼܻӭһǳпġճ־õҺֵܣ㵱ֶԾͲӣֱ˵ˡ־ƣǰʱҲ̸⣬ϣ
һ󣬲˼ץץͷ
¬״Ц˵ȻҲþǣ׼ǿƽ뻴ʡܹģ׻˵úãΪ⣬ھߣζ޷ǿģӦ¬ҿ˵˵һ
¬˵һʱҲһ󶨡ھӰ޷¬ҽаģ¬үһү޷ġӦϴɾ¬Ķ磬е˵⻰ʵҲһֱ¬ûжԻ̫ԭס˾ط͸̫Ļñôأ
һ⻰Ժص˵ͷһֱͲһϲµˣҲ֮
¬͵һԺ˵ҵʡԺ󣬾һֱעغ͸ɸùϵڵǺܲġǸ˵ʵϣǵĽǶ˵ûҪͽȥλ˼ǲҲںһ㡣˵޿İ칫ҵķָָ
һĻһ棬ǻ˶Է飬ѵ飬Ǻܸӵģһ棬УҲջ񡣡¬ֱԲ˵ҲҪעסһȵ⣬˵ҪʱϱֻǰæûҪ嵽ǰȥ
һΪȻص˵ͷ¬Էе˼ˣĵ¶΢Ц֮ǰЩ˵ֻи˽⼴ɣ˵ǹؼһһʱĹзǳҪָ塣
һ¬ûʲô˵ˣվˡص칫Ժáղ¬Щȷʵƽʱ˼ķΧҪúõһۡ
ڶ磬һμӲĻ飬ս칫ңͺ͸˽һ֪ԷһлҪ˵򲻻ôȲġɳǰżͺһơͺ΢Цص˵ͷһԺڽ
и飬ҾҪ㱨һ¡ͺ󿪿˵
һݸԷһ֧̣˵͸л뽲ûҪſʾտڻ㱨ģĻҲ֪ôˡˣŷḻľ飬෽棬ҶӦ̡
һĻȻ˱ԹζǼͺóԷҪһأ⻹оǳڶΡоЩԺ󣬼ͺæ˵ǣ´һעġ


پʮ 򹷣һ
͸㿴ˣǺǣһЦ˵ɣȻ˵֧̣˵ߵһ֧̹ȥ
ͺ˫ϻԺ˾Ϳʼ
һԺ󣬼ͺһһۣʵ޲ǲҪˣ
Ŷʲôˣһװʵ
ͺֱԲ˵Ϊ˵޲ǿˣ˵Ѿϰˡ
һװȻ˵˵°֮ǰ˵һ㣬û̫⣬ôѾˣ
ţ˵Ӧиġͺ˵Ҹղſһʮ˸޲ţʮа˾žˡ
ôŵģһʵ
ԴӷǿͼԺһǺܹĵģϾԷͼԶ˽һ㣬Ҳб޻ˡ
ͺһѯԺ˵Ϊ˵ڰ칫棬ʱûκΰš
һ󣬵˵ͷʾ֪ˣһŨԺ˵ΪϢͨǺǣ
ͺȻóһ˼ڲϢͨҼֱλĴˣ˵ǿ֮䵽ⲽأϴǴμǸкܴϵ
һ⻰ԺɫһһԺ󣬶Լͺ˵׶˵⻰ģ
ͺ˵ͷ˵÷۾ӦҲģһ湫˵ġҿûҥ
һ󣬵˵ͷҪľǼͺ仰˼ԺһضԼͺ˵һȥԺΪҵİ칫һ¡ҩҳԣҲ˵Ҫеεġ
ͺæ˵ͷղڰ칫ҵʱѹΪҪԷ䳰ȷһ󣬻˵÷ǳǽͷĶˣǿ벻̡ǼͺһԷҩĸԭڡ
һҲΪǻأ벻Լˡ޹ǿԺ֮ϴģһ׸⡣ϴδ￪ʱǿǵڴڶԷˣһһضӣһ滹н˼
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һıԺ󣬼˵һǺ˾ˣ˵ƻҪڱ䶼ѡһĻôѡ
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¬˵ƿŽ飬һ׶Է⣬Ҫľʵˡ¬Ѿ·Ӱ̺ˣûŶԷȥҲûʲô̫˼ˡ


߰ 쳣ٶ
һԺ󣬰Ѹղ¬޹Ľһܽᣬǽһ쵼ľ˵Ժɨȫһۣ˵Сǲ쵼˵쵼ǶҵΣһҪ뷽跨ذáĺܳһʱ䣬ͬ־˵һǳϾĿ顣ǳСˣˣҪóԿ׼ǼϵĵӶѽ
˵Ժһ豭һڲ裬Ȼ˵Һ账ҪһСȥʱ䴦͸ˡ͸ûɣڿϵ׳ѽ
ͺ⻰Ժ󣬿ļˣҪȫʡܣȻʺϸ첲ȵģĹٺʲˡԸܶһĿУһкͲ쵼ӴĻᣬʵĿ洦
æشͷİɣϼһһѼҿã飬һõ绰ϵģʱңָӾˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬹׸ԵˡԷ˾ܲˬҲûа취˭㲻һֵأ
һʱҲмָпҿ֮ǰѼͺȡˣҪȻ治֪ôءüͺ붽飬Ѵú÷İſ϶վסš˵÷һŮͬ־ûѴĹӦȥ˼һٵͬ־Сһ𶫱ܵģȻҲ˵ȥڣⷽĵĺ͹ˡ
˺󷽵Ժһעе˶֮ǰԱһѾйǣ̫ġڼȻѾȷˣǾͺðˡЦŶ׸˵账ǴʵÿɣӦҲˡ߾ͺ÷ˣǱߵѡ㿴
׸ĵ飬Ƿˡղ¬˵ҪƿŵСͰһҪȥһĻ¾ͷˣ˵㡣ڿһ׼˳⣬˼ұϾһ֣ȨֱӰԱȫҲûκΰ취ںôӡ
׸ģʵֻһѡһˣƿѾռһ˵Ļһ¡ϿӦѡΪ񣬵һĻ飬͵òκϢˡ
ϸ˼һ˵ټһɯɯɣЩŮԹԱҪûŮͬ־ܻ᲻̫㡣
һ˵㣬׸⻰˵Ҳмֵ֮ѡ÷Ҳǳⷽ濼ǵġһĻԱȷˣǿ˼ɣɢˣʱҪȲ쵼ǲҪĵ顣
ͺص칫Ժ󣬾ע⵽ΪִٲӣԷʲô⣬ˣȻԺ׸İ칫ȥˡ
ʮԺˣղǽı鲻ˣȡ֮ǿģм˷ܡͺ׸˵һЩʲô޷ǾҲڴص飬Ҷһ㣬ʲôĻʱ绰ϵͺ룬ڴĶʲô飬ʹȣҲУҪʰĻǻǷַӵ顣
İһ˴԰ͣܵһ̬ͷǿɰһǳֵ飬ȻҪʾлĻȻӦĳһ㡣
һòˬǣǼϸ˵ûһҲ¼ãֻһԿ϶ԷȻ֪Ѿ¶ӦòͬһˣĻӽˮˡ
һ䲻ãͷ͹ˣװһէһеϰӡ˾ǿûһͷƺƳɵ飬ڲΪ˵ķ룬ֻ֪֪֪֪
ͷæ˵촦ұ׼绰˵ģڵ绰ý쵽Ҿŵ㡣
һһæ˵ϰ壬ʲô뽲
ҲҺеĵطͷ˵֮ǰչȥʾ֮ĵطҾ͸µֵ˵ˡԼһǰֵĵȥʾֵƬһرƫʾ֣Ӧǹ˼ŷƱԺһСֵܻȥʾֵĹԱԷҲȷˣʮŷ⣬ʮƱ
һ󣬵˵ͷʾԷ˵ȥ
ͷ״ʹһɫĻ˵촦ұжȻŷƱ˵Ҫ˶þһģֵǶõģˡ˭֪һˣÿ°࣬ӦʲôģҲκ쳣ı֣Ҳ׼㱨һµĸԭڡ
һĻԺҲúѵ뵽ԺһŴͷʵǲֵǸʱ򣬱ˣ
ͷæ˵촦˵ǰʱҲ뵽⣬Ǳµֵʡ֮ǰ϶յúϸҲСģӦò̫ܱԷ֡ʾ棬ǹԱʱһ˸Ǽһһȥʵģм仹һ磬Էûв
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵüͷƺƳɾҪʲôôˣӦòܡȻ˴˼ôһûʵʩûоôĵûзΪʲôôȥûκζأһ²Էĺ«ʲôҩ


߰һ ǲ룬ǲ
ŴͷκڴһԺ˵λ˵ʵҲ֪Է⾿һֵֻǼԵˣɣǵҵģǿô
촦ڴֵ˵ѽͷЦ˵ǼҪ¸ĿģûҪ󣬱˵һǼһﻹôţûйҪѵ˼
һȻ״ͷһҶԷ˼æ˵ϰ壬ǸûбҪ֮ǰǻֻҪֵǿһˣʲôҲ⣬ҾûҪôˣֻҪһ˾Ͳˡ
촦ͲҪˣǰСӲҵҲǵģû¡˵
ȻԷѾ˵ˣһҲ޷ٶ˵ʲôˣֻͳֱݸһ֧Ȼǵ˵ͷʾл
һԺһ˲顣ͷ˵Ѿˣǲ֪ǲģҲû֮ǰĵ⣬˫֮䣬ѺദͷᵽѾ߶ԷֻҪǸ·һϵԷҲӦˡ
һ֪ͷвˬҲұ¶˵ѻϵҪҲ֣Ҳ߲Ҫѵ鷳ֻͨҵĻˡͷ׼ζԸˣǾͲҪĵˡ
һĵ˵òˣʱ䣬žǿҲҪˣͳֻ׼ͶԷϵһ¡˭֪׼ţǿѾƿ˽滹ֳһչ棬˵棬ǵˣغͶԸһһ֡
ͷ˾ǿԺ󣬱ȸղҪнࡣһҲûаǴԲһｵһҲ
ٷԺѾһСʱ֮ˡҶȵò٣ǴͷѾӽĳ̶ˡһȰѾǿֳߣȻкʹͷһСܣ¥ȥλϴͻؼȥȻһǹ󻹰Ŵͷ˵һЦЦʾ֪ˡ
һҲ˲٣ʱ򣬿ؼҵĻȫȥһסˣؼҲһˣ˵ʲôģûϡ
һ糿һյ칫ң޹ɾ͹ˣһ˵޲踱ŵʱ򣬵¬İ칫ȥ
һӣﰵ룬޹⣬ҪȻһٵعࡣҪ֪ЩҪһȣȫһ绰ܸ㶨޹ôȻеС˼
һʲôʱп˽һ˵޹Ҫѡ飬ҲѡӦиȥѽ뵽ʱһԺֳ︡һϤףҪ˵޹ˣȻǰǿĪˡһãڵ˺ͶԷһĵʱˡ
һɵĻԺ󣬿һ䣬˭
󣬺ǲ˦һͷ֪뵽ʲôǻشһ⡣˵޲ҪûŵĻҲȥġ
һԷװƵӣӱǿһ漴ͲԷˡȻܵװˣӵӣҶοȵģӲСװ
ɿһıԺ󣬲ûñȥ뷢͵һʱ޹˵Ļյ˽ɲ֮ǰӦи죬һҪ侲Ҫ͵ŲԿ
һ÷죬˳ȥһЦСһߡ
ϵǣɴİ칫ҳȥԺȥ׸İ칫ңһṦ򣬾ǱߴˬʵЦ˶ȷԷˣҪȻɸմһӵתۼ䣬˴һ뵽Ժ󣬲ɵðüͷ
ŵһң׸͹ˣһйĿ࿴֮У漴ʶܶζеʲô뷨ҪȻ˵͵ʶԺһɵðԼСӦԡ׸Ȼ׳嶯Ҳûͷԡǰ֮Զһ棬һ˽⣬һ棬¬Ҳ˷ǳؼã˲ʧȥ˷̵Ļᡣ
һǰһ¥Ժһ˽ŲڵȶԷʾҪҪȥ޹İ칫ҡɸղģڵһ䣬޲ҪûʲôĻҲȥģһʱе㲻֪δ
һ֮ǣ׸沢ûκαʾһͣ½ŲҲͣûκζǼƺΨհһﰵ룬Ҹϰӣ㲻ҪǾ͹ֲˡԺһֱ̧¬İ칫ȥ
׸ϲѣֶһȥ޹ǴСĻᡣһֱ޹֮һֱûһѣΪԴСǸԷֻһССĴѡ׸ֻҪֲи޹ǰһԷһֵġһĻȻ׸顣
һ׸Ȼǵı飬Ҫ֪Է뷨ЦĿǰ޹ǲôȷʵǲܰôһĻ׸ٶСҲ޼£̫ԵĻ޹С
˽ƿİ칫Ժ󣬶Է̬ȱܶ࣬Ƕ׸ĳ˵ãƾ趽С飬λ֮佨õĹϵǶԼ˵Ҳһܻ顣׸ﰵ


߰ 飬ұ
ٽŵʱ޹׼ʱһ׸ǰͬǣһظ档һ󣬲ֺЦ֮Уƻе˿ף˭쵼˭顣
ƿȻ֮ǰѾõ¬ķԸ˶ԺûʾֱӰǴ¬İ칫ҡ޹һԺƿ׼ת뿪¬˵ƿѽǽҪ̸ǹڶ鹤һЩϸڣȻҲеһԱһɡ
ƿ⻰Ժһ㹧һߵϡ濴ȥȴĲѡ¬ѾȷʾڶɵúõĻԺ󣬾Ͱȥľһ죬㿴ϣڴ֪֮
ȫԺ¬޹һۣЦ˵Ҿ˵ˣȻ㲹䡣
޹ɫص˵ͷﰵ룬ҵ˵ɵΪֹҶ֪˵ʲô޿ӦǺ¬Ѿ£ʲôʱʼʲôҪ޹һ֪Ȼǲˬȴκαʾ˵˼ұϾڸǰ˳֣ǲأ
¬˼һԺ˵λζҪԣҾͲ˵ˣҺ͹鳤Ӧþܿµӵĳ̶ȡ˵Ժͣס˻һؿһۡ
һУ¬һֱһüĿʦ͵ؼż¶ݣﶼм˵ˡ޹һɱ˵ӭŤŤӣԾòˬǿƶһӣžһ㡣
¬˵Ȼǽ׶βһص㹤ԽȰдִеʱһҪ¡Ұѳ˵ǰ棬ҪǷ˭ڶĹУЩĻǾͱҶˡ˵ԺٴͣĿ˵һһɨ޹Ҳû⡣
ƿؿһһۣ˵Ŀһ漴˵ͷǶ¬˵仰֪Ƕ޹׸ô򣬲˿̣Ҳȥ
¬˵Ժ󣬱㽻˾ĹݲİţζԱΪڰµĶ飬ʱ¶տʼʮսһһӣҪԱĶ飬׸ӣ𶽲鶽鱦ίĹԺ󣬶Сһܵʱ䣬ɶܣϱжţȴ֪ͨ
¬ᵽ˹ĵ׼˵ѾúڲŸ׼ˣʱֱȥͿˡ˵Ժ޹֣ʾ˵䡣
޹ȻˬҲ˵ʲô㣬Ǿͼ򵥵شӹ硢Чʷǿ˼䡣
¬˵ԺûʲôҪ˵ġһ֪ʱ̬ˣվ˵¬޲ȫԱ̬ȸл쵼ȫͬʵΣҲ֤һݲҪ벼ãڴ˹Уʲô쵼ǼʱָǽŬ
¬⻰ԺЦ˵Сѽ̬Ǻõģ黹ûʼǲ㣬Ǵʲôģ˵ҪãȾҪ˵ǰɣ
ѽ촦Ҳ̫ǫ顣֯ϼȻ񽻸׸ͬ־ɲʧѽ޹Ц˵˵⻰ĿģɵҲóΪ˰ѡ׸ͬ־
׸⻰Ժæ˵¬޲ģҺ촦һͬ־һ𣬾ľ֯Ͻ񣬾ۿۡ
˵⻰һ˵ͷȥѯʵȴּʾ˼һʵڲԸСʲôִǸŵ˵ͷһ˾ٶ׸ǿĲѡ
Ժһ׸ֱȥ޹İ칫ңԴҲΪ⡣Ȿ䲻ʲôܣģҲֻƷ¼ó
׸м˷ܣղǸֹúĵڶСǸ𶽲鱦ίߵĹڻĹļ棬ίϴλõģһķӦñһҪҪżڵ޹İ칫ңԷ
һֹҲе㲻⣬Ҳû׼绰¡֮ǰ¬Ѿ˵ˣôô죬ҲûҪϸ֦ĩ棬໨ʱˡ
յ칫һᣬϵߵ绰һƿһæЦ˵ϵܣ绰湻ģʲô𣿡
Ǻǣѽ֪쵼иͨ籨ˡƿЦ˵֮ĹϵȽ죬˵ûκι˼ɡ
һҲЦ˵ǾллϵܣָԽ򡣡
˵һƣ̨Ƕе죿ƿ̽ʵһǷ֪治̫ϾԷ֮ǰݹģӦʱ仹
һ⻰Ժһ˼׶Է˼ˣ˵ҼǵʡίУĳУҲƣ֪ǲһƣ
ƿ⻰Ժ֪һѾˣЦ˵ˣ˵˵ˣôҪϢˣ˲׼˼һ
˵Էһˬ˵ֻҪʱ䣬ʱԡ
ƿ˵ǲˣҪȥˣͷϻһѵ顣ô˵ȥ֮ǰֵúþһۡ


߰ ۻ
һһ̽ǿԺԼҺüΣǰҲϣ
ƿһ⻰Ժм⣬漴úһԺ󣬶ŵ绰ص˵㿴ŰɣÿԵĻûĻһҪҸεĵط
һæ˵Ҳֻ͵磬ĵ˵ģ
ƿһԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
һѵ绰Ժϸ룬ӦÿУǿѾⲽأӦòٸĵˡʲô뷨ĻҪԵҲ޹Ǳˡ˵ߣ֮ǰ˵еСڣǶǿϲװǳģڶԷͲԼܰһѣĶٸ
Ȼ⣬һǾƿǶٺǿϵǿ浽һˣ˱˵һԷˣ·ԸȡһԶ̬֮ȡ˭Ըһ쵼нӴأǲû
ӣһæص׼ʲôģȥġȻǽʹˣ˵׸Ǳ˭ǾͲĵˡѶԺһݾͷߣһֱ͵׸İ칫ҾͿˡ
һͼͺһ𣬰ѽڴĹһ飬رһЩص㹤ǿϼͣȥʱ䣬ֻʮСʱţϵϵĻԴ÷ֻһжԹΪء
ͺصص˵ͷһⷬ棬ᵽһ־ΥĸжղμӹǸô˵ģʱƣĽˡ
һգ⿪һĻᣬʱһͺƿǿԼˣһһۡ
תһ룬ȻжʱҪæ֮ǰϵѶϣҲһ㣬㡢ķ塢ǿݡģƲ˵Ҷֵܡ룬ѼͺҲϣͬ־ҪһˣҲǸĹľɡԷĵص㣬ԥѡ˴԰ǲϵΣҲƿҪһ㣬Ҫˡ
˵Ϻ׼ӱԺԼλдҪ˸һ𣬷á
һ뷨Ժ󣬺ƿ˵һȻ֮á¬ѾȷʾҪȥڸһʶһЩˣ;Ǵ顣һ˷ʱˣϿȥ绰
Ȼʱ伱˵㣬ǽӵ绰˶ܸӣ˵׼ʱȥǿ˵ҲȥæһһлԷֶһκ쵼ӴĻᣬȻӦʾ
һͨ绰һҲˣͺʱֱӸһԷڴ԰䡣ϼ⻰ԺæشӦʱ䣬һǿأеСµģͺ÷йȥһԷȻǿġ
æЩԺٽϰʱˣμʡί֯ٿĻ飬粿ﻹҪᣬ˿಻ԡ
ĵңһŻص칫ңϰϣ˵⡣ͺԺ󣬱㱨һ¶飬˳˽һЩ˲μӣһ״ֻ̬ǵ˵һ䣬ѾźˡһͷԺת˳
쵼ơ۵ʱǧҪȥţҪȻ첻£ҼпڶԷһõӡ󡣼ͺȻ̴˵Լ򵥵ذĽ˵һ䣬Ȼתȥˡ
һϢ˺һȻѵԴţҪȥˣ֮ǰѾͷĹȫƽ˼ͺڿ˵¿ѵ˿еʱһ
°Ժк˼ͺһȻֱ¥ȥͺʵ׼ˣһĻæ첽ȥԺ󣬷ֶԷ׼ˣûȷϽ촦ﴦӦֻһ˹ȥ뵽Ժϼ͵￪ļˣϵ嶼滺ࡣ
˴԰Ժ󣬼ͺһ˰䣬֮ǣѾһˡһһǾǿЦΪ˫ͺȻֻһ־ֳҲҴ⡣˼ҺôԼһĶֵأʲôûУȫ˵ɫ£Ƚ϶ԣҪţ棬ԼͺԾǿ̬Ȼͦġ
ǿ֮ô磬ȻΪĹϵٷɺϴͷһԵбʵϴΣҪɫ£Ҫ˵ɫ£ķֻ˲ᡣ
ŵ˸üͺ𾪣ְжߣݷǳ⡣ϸ˵һ֮ˣȻҲй˺⡣
ǿͺʱҲһ㶣ǰʱ䣬׸޹İ칫˵ͼͺһ׼һεġ벻̶һʱԺ󣬼ͺͳһˣ⻹еǿĿ࿴֮С
ڶˣȻһͬʱһͬĶͰ۾žǿһ顣ͺǵһк£ǿڹעһǲк˼ԱԼʱӦ
ķ壬ʡ̨δϴ˻еϤģûһܣ˷׷߹ȥͶԷˡ
ͺﰵ룬˵ķڵ̨ӦûķϤ뵽ԺæǿһȥķͺԼĶλ׼һ͵ģҪѴЩãһھϵʱ


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ƿʱ˵ıֽ֮ղ࣬ʡί֯ĴأǴʶԴҵıһҲ֮СƿԺû㣬Ǻһߵһǿ״˴һкȥˣ¥ȥӭȥˡȻѾͶԷϵˣӦõʱˡһƣ֪Ҳĵصȴ
˼ھǿʱһɨۡλӦеʵȨ벻һ˽ôã˽˵ĳϣȻҲܰ
һһԺһк£λ⵹ǫ飬ȷʵʱĻֻվˡķһߣ˳һƿǫһǶԷִⲻһҲûǿ
ٷ˵һİŵģ˶ŵúܿ;˳Ժ󣬸Ƕɡ뿪֮ǰһеһߣһֳĶӽ飬ȥһ£е˵ȥ
һȻûмƽЩʱŴ绰㣬ǻҪԷǲֹһ֮ˣȹѾܸжˡ
ϯ䣬ΪԾǼͺһΪ￪ģһҲ԰Ծӣƺûˡ
ǿҲȵò٣ͼͺ˸˺ö౭޹ʱ򣬿˵룬ڱ乬ԺѾþò֪ζˡΪƣΧΪˬ־޴Сһֻڽã˵˴ҶԸ࿴һıù˴Ⱦ
극Ժ˱׷׸ˣǿлһԷ˵˼ҲͰЩʱˡԷȻԷǾ˵ѾˣԺĻеǻᡣ
ͺһ˶Ժ󣬱̨ȥ֣˲ٵľƣһҲûУͷԺѣҽµĲҲúȣֱû֮ǰ״̬ࡣ
һ˼ͺ˼æͳһſڶԷ˵ϼͣſҾͲȥˣֱڳˡ˵Ժ󣬲ȼͺشתȥˡ
ͺп￴˿νǸпǧ֮ǰ׸ȥĳҲ٣˵ʱ򣬻ȥƵꡣ׸һ㶼ǳ극Ժ󣬴һӣȻתˣһȴ
Ժ󣬼ͺϳԺ󣬰ѿͷƱһ𽻸һһ״Ц˵ϼѽʾˣ㻹ŷƱȥĶѽܲڻȥűɣ
ʵԡǴÿ궼вдѵġͺ뻹ǰ⻰˵˳е㵣һģ沿ίֵһ䡣
һһ㶣漴˵Ķҵѣʹﳶϰϵ˵ˣ㷹ǮһǸġ˵⻰ԺһͰŷƱųһСֽţӵ˳⡣
ͺһıԺԲһɾ֮顣ҵĸޣһ׸һһȽϣ֡ĺһߵڵĻĽֿ֪˵ٷˣпܲǿĺ̡뵽ʱ򣬼ͺﲻĵ֮顣
ڶһ磬¬޹һ׸˳޿ҲСΪǵĹ㻹̨ȻǽݴȴǰˡŲµ֣·ĻǺġ
һע⵽׸Ǳߣץڻɯɯ׸šûԴƿֵĳ̶ȣƿ״ȥһӲûá
˸Ժһ׸ֱ˳һĳȳ׸ں̨һǰһˡ
䶼Ӧеֱߣ붼࣬ʮ๫طһͬ㣬ھýϡһϴѧʱȥǱߡʱĸоӦȣвСģôȥˣʲôӣͲö֪ˡ
˳ǰʻ˴ԼʮԺһֻͻȻóһʾһİֻ룬һһ»˽绰ͨԺһʺιϵããӭ㵽Ǳ鹤
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һǰӭЦ˵㲻ҪѽҺ账ҲɼѽǸôƣǿɳܲѽ


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һ벻ƸɾȻôһղԱƣʾģȴһƶ壬ȫƵ˰칫εϡһﻹǸ˵ĹҪ̫ǿӴ
״վЦ˵촦账ҿɣҪǾͺȵơģֻϣӦòΥ涨ɣ
׸⻰Ժûпڣ۾һƽʱڴʱ˵ìأǴ˿ȴ빲Ļ˼һ˵Σ˵һ׸Ρ
һĻԺ룬ⲻǺʲôģǿɶǻˡơҲжģƿ¶Ժ⣬ǺͺȰ׾ƻʲôأղţѾȷܾƸˣҪٲӵĻǱ˿ҪΪˡ
뵽ԺһЦŶԷǿ˵ǣ㿴أӦҲжİɣ
ǿ˿ƣʵе㲻ףƸɡΪƫҪͶھϾе˼ڿӵ˼ڵδҲ̫һ㡣һߵĽ£òӲͷƤǿƸһۣȻ˵ҿ˰ɣƻٺȰɣղ촦˵ˣҶҪ
⻰е˼ˣ˼Ѿ̬ˣƣҪʲĻӣ˼ҾͿҪĺÿһ䣬һҪء
Ҫ֪˼ҶĹԱĹģͨȥϰ࣬˼Ҿץˣأ
Ƹɿ˷ǿһۣȻ˵ѽҿơҲ˰ɣơơƣϾҲǾƣǲöͬ־ΪѡҪҵʢ飬Էǣ˵ǰɣ
ǿЦŵ˵ͷ룬Ǹһ˼ôܻء
⻰Ժ󣬲źӡǿĻԲƸɵĻǷɡ֮ǰõļƲߣʱѾʧˣ뵽Ժݺݵصһһۡȥʮ겻ˣȴһǵӣҪǲ취һԺô˼ڱ绽أ
ٷ֮ǰĲעܳԵж졣ϯ䣬γɵĸǷǿкһƸ׸ûȣһֱһߡƸý£ŷӦ͵ίһк𶽲
һٷһСʱͽˣ֮ǰһ׸̨ɣְȫͻ˱ݡ
÷ƻԺ󣬲ûֱӻԼķ䣬һ⡣֮ǰĹϵͺܲҲͬ۹ˣ˵ҲûôĿˡ
÷ˮˮ߶һ˵ҺСعˣȥɵʲô
һһ˵绹˰ɣһͳˣһֱڲЪһú˯˾˵


߰һʮ 
÷⻰Ժ󣬲ؿһһۡ򿪿˵ǲѽֻܷɣĶ˯žѽ
Ǻǣ˯ţ͵ȥӡһЦ˵ȥܲ鵽ʲô˼ڿһ䱸ѽԻúϢһ£˵ɣ
׼˵ʲô÷ʹһɫȻ˵УЪţҲȥˣˣˮһҪˣˡ
һ˵ͷȻվ͵ſڡ÷һڳ½ǣϲɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣Ժﲻɵøֳյίʱ֮ȪǸνʱʱǺһǻ飬Ѫڣȴһ㱻ɨسŵĽ
Ψһ׼ǼƵꡪ˼ҵĶ¥һ׼䣬ݻ̶ȣӦеκһҾƵ꣬Ž̻ʹͳġиص㡪ӲӪҵƸɸרõġ
˿̣ƸɺڿĽƤɳԺƸɳ̾һ˵ѽĲѽ߲߲ѽĿǰֻ϶Խˡ
ȴΪȻ˵磬ǲе̫ˣһëͷСӣֻõ㣬¬ˣ˽ⷬ컯ҪҿֱȥȻʵݵģֻҪ±ǮҾͲ᲻ͷ˵ǵЩ¶úΣĻҲδؾܲóʲôóûʲôɵĵġ
ɲô˵ѽǿɲ̫ˡƸ˵ҾҪȷΰȻأҪ¡
ƸɶأҲӣһ˵磬˵ô·
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ƸɵĻеͶصĸоڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣȻܵİźͲã硣æƸ˵磬ǰ飬ͷİɣһõġҲͰµʱ䣬ҾôҲԲȣҲðǶˣԺ󣬶෢㽱𡣡
УƸȻ˵ͰѽǰȥҪǷ͵Ļ⽱𲻵ҪջأĶĹĶȥ
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Ƹ󣬵˵ͷȻͷͳ
һ˺÷Ժȥһ裬Ȼڴϣ飬ͷϸһ顣糿ӭӣĺȾƣоƸⰲŵġһ⣬ҪȻĻڶԶУϵ֮ǰȷʱֵһһӸоһá
Ҫ⿪գһ뵽һˡƿܽ⿪յĻҲһһֱ쵼߹ģģӦøһ㣬Ҳܲ³
һʱͶԷϵһ˯˵Ժ˵ӣ׼Ժ󣬿ʼ˯
˯ԺʱͻȻֻ绰һƿ˻뵽һȥˣƿҲԼһġ
һһ˵Уڱң͹
ƿƴǣһЦ˵֮ͲҪˣ˵һûȥϹأһʲôĻ֪ȥĶء
һ˵ƿȻ˵ʲôˡ
Сȥ׼ĸҳԷˣûпȥѳԿһķһϽݴԺֱȥˡ
ԺƿѾſںˣ˵Ц¥ȥһȥݷһ׸ô˵ԷҲ鳤Ȼûɲȥ¶ĵ
ƿ֪һ뷨ԺЦ˵ϸ磬Ҫȥݷ踱ĻҪʧˡǸŮղžͳȥˣѾ빤״ֻ̬һ͵ڷ濴ӡ
һЦЦƿһķ䡣һԺһȥҸطġƿҲеĹ˼ɣҪ׸ĻкԺĵʲôʱνڶԷڣҪһʱ򣬿һƿķ棬ܻ룬һ֦Բ˳ȥġ
ϳԺ󣬸ǰʻףһע⵽ɫɣɸղʱ͸ں棬Ȼţ̫еĿŵˡһƿʹһɫȻָָһߵƿᣬԺ󣬶źһġ
Щ֤ݣȻʱòϣҪǵҪʱǻǺܸġڱڼ䣬طϵһֱȡβ桢ٵķĿڣǸֵ˼⡣


߰һʮһ Ȼ
ǰ˴ԼʮңһмҲ¥Ͱѳ˹ȥӳʱע⵽ɣҲͣ·ߣӳˡʲô·ȲԱҲɢԱһﵹмɻ
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ȷԱѲȫԺһ̽ţȻѣĻҪ
ƿСΪһһ裬ȻٰԼıӵ˶ǳڣݵȷʵǲҶڵƷҲǲģӦǽ²衣
һԺ󣬷²豭Ц˵費۸Ȼߵ㣬ƷʻǲģҲֵˡ
ƿһЦȻ˵촦ԽԽд󽫷緶ˣʱ򣬻Ʒ£ϵѽ
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ƿЦ˵Ǻǣϸ磬ǰ˵ٻҪô̹ȻĻô˼һͷأ
ƿĻһ˵꣬˶Ц
ЦԺһ̵̻Ҹε˵ϵܣ˵ʵԴҪˣղҪǲҴ绰ĻҲ׼绰ˣλصͽ顣
ϸ磬ɱȡЦң踱ɶҵ쵼ʲôԸĻֻ˵ָҾʹƿ˵˸ȭĶȥҲмơ
Щûõģ״ôһʵ
˱İҲоһʲôԲŻЩǵѶȲСѽƿ˵
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ƿ֮Ĺϵǣ˵ʱȻҪҴţ׼ʼˣ˵һһĻǱ˵ȻҲԳ
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һһ£˵ҵʸ⣬쵼̬Ⱥģ˵Ǹôô졣
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һ˶Էһۣɻ˵˼ǣֻܴ˲ȥˣ˵ȫԲȥܣ
ƿ˵Ժص˵ͷһ˼һԺֻǰֻȻ֮С޿ΪʲôһҪö¬ΪʲôߣߣƸɡΪ׵һ˵ķӦΪʲôǿҡһж˵˱һ⣬ǡǡǰⱩ¶ʱˡ
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ھƿһһѾûⷽĵģһɨգ豭Բƣƿһ
ƿ걭вԺ󣬱òΪˮ߿˵账ĹܸѽЧΣ治̫˵쿪ʼҿҲҪںæˣܲ϶ڷ˯ɣǺǣ
һ⻰Ժ˶Է⣬Ц˵ϵܣģǶǶˣͬиҲȻͬô
ƿһĻԺЦ˵ϸ磬ô˵Ҿͷˣ˵ʵҸλ滹ûʲôģҲ֪ж˵ܹؼϰģҲܡġ
Ѻһġ˵úأһһе˼ЦЦԺ󣬾豭ŶԷһĶ
һԺ󣬱ɢˡһƿһԸɶԷƺ̫ãҪ׸֪Ļﲻ֪ôءΪ˱֦ˣϾٻаҪһҪǲҲˬ㿴㲻ĻҲȷʵΡ
һصƻݵʱ򣬺÷Сһ˿أԺ˶еΡһ״Ц˵ǴǵģҸղž˵ż٣˿ͦõѽˣ㣬ȥӣңǳȥԷʱһ
÷ӦһСʹһɫ˼ơ
һصԺ󣬹ţûд򿪵ӣֱɵ˴ϡ֮ǰĵģͨƿĽѾˣҪǣβ׿гЧؿչ
ĹӦͻΪֶεģҲ˵ĵǰ֪ͨһĻԷȻóֵ׼ǻܼʲôأ
ڵǡǡˣǲϢӦٳ˲֪˲ЩϢͨĵм쵼һҲõϢ£ҪȡóЧĻȷʵһ׵顣һ⣬⻹Ҫء˾ȻȡٵķҲ˵Էǵ˽Ļܲʲôأ
һڴڤ˼룬ҲûĴʩô˵ҪѶԷĸ٣Ļʲô̸⼸ˣҪӶԷƤӵߣ̸סǻ֮ĶЩֻڹŻ֣ʵУĶȥң
֮ʣһ˵ӣ˼̨ԺѵӶ˱̨ϡ


߰һʮ Сһ
ڽܱСԽ֣ǷȻ󣬵⻹һһ̼Һ͹˿͵ĴţӦöǽʱĵģ֮ǰĵģʱó˵ġ
һԷʱ򣬾ȥǿһ波طʳһ棬˶ĵطϢҲͨһ㣬ܲһЩջ
һԺһְѵӵ˻ʡƵڲŻѧͶѧһµؿ˱ڱļЪ˼ɻص˴ѧʱҲòģߵƣûܼУӣϻǻᾭӰ
šţɵ뵽˴ѧʱѣ꣬ôԺûʲô仯ȴ˸һ㡣һܾԷҪԺǰ죬ʱʱطһŹǺȲ裬ǳԷһе֮ᷳС
뵽ʱһ͵ؼֺڱ֯ΪֹǴæֻ﷢һţѯ¡ܿ˹Է϶Ĵʱһʶֶһ鷳¡Ǹǻǻ㲻ѾӵˣһҲںٶһ
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ٽ֮ʣͻȻƵһæ´ȥš÷վſ֮ʣæ˵㣬һᣬٿ򣬾Ҫˡ˵꣬ź÷ǸһЦ
÷˵ͷȻ˳ȥеɻˣ⻹Ǹ¹ϣ˵һ֮˵ĸоô͸ճУŵĴѧ࣬ƺӦóϡ
뵽Ժ󣬺÷͵ʶҲ󣬺Ҳûʮꡣ侹Ȼʵְˣһɵɫ÷ͷɵӿһɾ֮⡣
ңһӷ˳˶ķ棬æЦ˵λ˼ѽһǾõˡ
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С⻰ԺɫһͰ͵˵⡭ҡһǺǡ
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Сһûһ˼ɵվǡ÷״ѵС£㻹лл˵һκûѽ
˺÷Ժ󣬳»æ˵ллʲôĻֻܷԸŮѣޡν
СµĻԺ˶ЦһЦԺ˵ǾˣԺȥĸңǿߣȥԺֱӴƱţʱһҡ
СһĻԺȺģֻʡί֯һͨ˾ܸڶɼĻ˵ܰѱƸһĻɾʽĹҸɲˣǴŵҲҵĺѽ
ٳ֮ʣһ͵ʲôƵģͣ½ŲС˵С£ͱˣʹĸҪͷ¶ģʲôĻһͨ绰ϵ׼Ҫ浽
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УǾɣһ˵Ժ󣬾ͺͺ÷һȥˡ
ϳԺԾ˼ʻϣԺʣȥĶԷ÷ûǰתѯһ
һ󣬺˵㣬ǲСԽ֣ҪǾȥǿɣ
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ڱСһϣһʶĸо˵ʵĸ֣ʳе񣬲ҿ·ߵʩԼװ꣬ȻŸġĲͬСԣǱרӪϺ
˵УСԽһ֪ϢȺʱԾѡһͺ÷ĺǰһԺֱеĿϾ֮С
һǰ˼Ժͣ벽ĺ÷˵㣬ϤƼһ£ȥʲô
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æ˵ʲô˵λ쵼ġ
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һӺ÷ĻУóĵģΪ˴ԷĹ˼ɣ˵㣬С˵ҲûǿƼɲȷʵ쵼Ǻǣ
÷һһ˵ŷΪ˷ֹ֦æһ⣬˵ǼȻҲտǾͺðˡǰһҺӶݣǺӶʡ⿪ģζڣÿιҳԡ


߰һʮ ҹ˰
һæһ֣˵УǾȥӶݣǵõʱϴѧʱ򣬾ȥտڿѵˡ
һ˵⻰ʱԺﲻɵøֳһϤӰĳˡ١ϴѧʱڻѧһտС꣬һǶغãһҲǶ
ǰһΣȻһӶݡƣ޺˸ȥмɣһȴĲúΧĻе롣
뵽Ժ󣬲õû÷Ҫһ䣬һСӾ׼¥ȥһ״æ˵㣬Ǿ԰ɣտ˴ڰûʲô˼
÷һ㶣漴еһ˼ˣԷԶٷô򵥣ָָλмһӣʾԱǾˡԱ״æв˲Ȼһơ
һ÷˼ˣҲûٿڣֱӡ÷Ժ󣬾æŵˣЩտ޷ǾһЩ⴮ᡢ֮ĶȻɫˡ㡣
⣬꣬һٳȥǼҵҲУȴһζûеһڼ۸ȽϹһ棬һʼվãҪǿԺĶζԣ죬ҲҪ׼ӡ֤һ
ǵĳʳԺ󣬿ݵҲʱСһ߳ԣעΧ˵̸ۣźĻ˾Ӷ̸࣬۵ĶĵģԲЩʧ֮С
ԺһڵͷԿ㣬ͻȻֻǰһӰԺڿſڵҪһעһֱſڵĻͲܸо˽ˡһôĿľǲ뱻˷֣Աǵ˵ʱҲڲ˵ָ£С˵Ժ󣬾ʹ򷢶Էȥˡ
һɨһԺ󣬾еʶĸоһ벻Ķڱֲʶˣ˻˭أȫԿ϶ӭίˡ
һٶһˣ˾һֱǵˣֲÿ졣ղȥƿʱúܽ͸ӾǣԲŻϤ֮С
˳⣬˵һǳģһ̽һ¶Էǳ֣ؽһԺ󣬱վſȥȻ˵Ӹǰͣ
һע⵽ĻԺϵıǻң֪˵˾ʲôȻվȥԱ״æ˹ȥſڴк䣬Էûлͷ첽뿪ˡ
Ժ󣬾ͰѸղŵһ˻㱨ԭһȥʶԷƻݸôߣϻҲѣ漴һ˾ԶӲһ߿ˡһǲֻӰЦЦڿ԰سԶٷˣֱ˶ŵĸоĺܲ
һͺ÷˳ԳԺȺȣҲ⡣һ÷Ա˼ƿơһǲˬҲǺú÷һ¡÷ҲǽüһһضԺ㿾ųԣһζһ鵽ˣ黹ȫƾԭеľ飬ʱ򣬾Ҳǿסġ
ǳԵòʱͻȻƷӣϵƷӦ˰ŵġһ֣͹°ʱ䣬ʱôִأѵ˾ҵ
һɻ󲻽֮ʣһȥͷļһѾˣֻҫغȵϰأϰһ£˰ˡ
Ļ䣬ֻһʮҵ˳ĶС۾ģһһǰȥæͳлɢһȦȻЦ˵ôˣôԹأ绰ԸһҸ͹ȥˡ
ӶУʶ࣬µ˰ϵ㣬µǹ˵֪һǸΪ˵ôңˣôЪЪţûɣ
Цأ˼Ъǿң죬룡ϰ˵Ժ󣬳ԱߵķԱʹһɫ⼸˴¥ϰȥǶڴſڣܲ⣬ǽҲǶԶԷһأӦҲʲô
ȷԱ⼸һ¥Ժϰߵ̨ǰŮ䡣ȻŮ˼Ըشӳ棬óŰԪĻıҳݸϰ塣ϰõǮԺ󣬺ҵ´棬ȻεҡҡͷתҲ¥ȥ
һһжͷԺ÷䣬Ȼ˷ֱվͬķȥȥ÷̨λȥ
һȥȡú÷ȥϰ䡣ϰͷϣҸأ÷ʱȥĻӦܴһЩʲôȡԺһЩƷļһȫǿǷǳ˵֤ݡ˵ģǹְԱƷȵһ͹Ǻúúһˡ
ڻҪһҲͲ׼뿪ˣѷԱйöԷٸϵ⴮֮Ķһߵһ֧̣ȻԵõسš
ʮԺϰ¥ˣͷɥ֮ɫ÷ص֮ǰλ档÷׼˵һָָǰľƱʾȺȵ˵
÷۾һע⵽ϰ߿ƱغơȻеһ⴮ζسϰ龰ŷǹĵĻ⡣


߰һʮ ɷãһ
÷һԺ󣬼û˹עˣŵѸղŴһһ㱨ԭһǰʼΪ˸õطСһֵ̻˰ָ˰Ȿһıʩոʱ̻Ҳȷʵӵ˭֪þԺ󣬵˰־Ȼʼ̻ŷѣÿһԪ
һĻҵȻˣ׷Լȥ˰˰Ҫʲôŷ˭֪ҪȻˣЩ̻ǲˣǼڵ˰ſ˵
Ӱһֱҹ¶ûнԺ󣬲֪Ķľ˵ʮȫˡû֪ʲôطȥˣһֱʱ򣬲űŻԺЩ˲⽻˰ҶȥĪΪôʣǶֲֻᡣ
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ڣѾþеˣ̻ϰǰ˰ֵ˷̺ˣͿһģҲУҪûз̵òã١İ٣˵ߵչٵġ
⻹ֻһ棬ǿĳ̻ˬˣ뷽跨ĲӣЩ̻Ǹŭԡ
ҪǸղϰͷϣǲܰЩ¸ߺ÷ġ˰ֵ˿н˭ҪǺµĻҪһҪȥ˵
һ⻰Ժüͷ벻ӦоڣʡȫΪ֮أȻ˸ô㣬ѹҪǶ˹ҪٲһĻЩһﻹеˡ
ڵѾˣȻǵ˰һҸģ۵ȲӦöв롣ҪЩĲһ£ȻҪһĻ֣䵱Ļֵһ˻һȺ˵ĵλͣ˵ĻôصķЩŵҲȥ
֪οչµĹô͵ˣǺܲġһﰵ
÷˵Ժһյ⴮֮ĶͿˣ˱߳Աߺȣ۾ʱʱɨſڣڴȡԺ˵Ǳĵһϣǧ©ȥ
ʮԺˣбһĹҵģһװ˶Ժ󣬳һ˵ͷȻһOKơһŷĵк˳Ժ
˱߳ԱߵȣԼ˽һСʱԺ¥ݿ˶״æĵһ󣬰ͷһСϸƲȴ԰ĶȫŽ˶
Ȼ˵ϣ¥Ǹղȥĸ˰Ʒˡһ״æվǴ¥ԺӭȥΪ׵λЦ˵ãǱ˰ֵĹԱ
һĻԺ΢΢һ㶣Ϊ׵Ǹһ£˵ѽǱ˰ֵģʲô𣿡һ˵ʱõͨһŶԷͷԻشúǿ
ޣããһᣡһ߼˵ǰһĸһһ֡
ĸ˱һһٶסˣеաԺΪ׵Ǹ뻹Ǿе㲻Ծǻʵ㾿˭ʲô£
Ŷ˼˼һЦ˵ǻʡ̨Ųļߣһ˰ٵĹƬӡȥöвɷõģǱ˵Ǳ˰߸˸˰ŷĿǾúе⣬׼ȥǾģ벻ˣֻǲ֪ǲǹ
˾ƶ˲٣һ˵ą̊́ļߣ׼ɷǵģǼæȿֺشǣǣ˰ģˣϰ壬⼸λѣġ
÷˿̶Ѿվһߣ÷űʺͱӣֱӰСӰ˳ץϡ
˰ֵĸһˣǿĲѣæ죬ǵ·ϵıšæ׼һ
տϰкԺæǰ֤ʵȷʵ˰ˡ󣬿ļˣԺϱǺͨͨģѾȫԺ͹عˡ
һҲļˣЦ˵λҪƬӵŲأҲˣھͲɷһ¼λǿô
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ңϰǲʵ˰⼸߾ȻҪΪک蹦£ԸϲŹ֣ǼһﻢĿ⣬ֻεص˵ͷղһٷٿѣҪǲӵĻ¸˵͵ñˡ


߰һʮ ɷã
˰Ժһ˼˰ص⡣ĸһԾԾԣ໹ǸǸΪ׵ļһȥˣҲܹµֵܣҲشһ⡣
һ󣬺⣬һʵַָСԽ֣Ͻе̻
Ϊ׵һһؼԵ⣬æ˵ǾҵĹҵСԽ֣ĸˣĵطûеλĻǻҪȥ֧Ԯǣһ´ͷæβûͣЪʱ򡣡
÷Ц˵ǻ࣬죬Ѿôˣæ˰ֵֹǺúѧϰ
ĸⷬԺ󣬿ĲѣĶ˼ɵԷﵱг
һתͷ˺÷һۣȻ˼۾ʾҪ˵ƵĻԷľиҪĶûء
÷ղǻһڣ͸о˲ԣղʵ˼׳԰׺ȣΪ̻ʲôģ۾˵Ϲ
һͳݸÿһ֧ʾǵϻĸһ￴һۣһ˵û£ϲʱǻǸղλ˵ģô˴һæųշѣȷʵֵ˾塣
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һ룬⻹ûأ㵹æ泶ˣǿЦҲһԺЦʵ˵ǹ渺쵼ǲҲеʾѽ˳̨ɶǷģҪûвĻ˭Ը춫ܵġ
Ҳз֡Ǽһ˵һ룬ͻȻȿǸΪ׵ļһݺݵһۣȻ˵ͬ־ǺǲܱȣҸǹʣҲǷڵ顣
һ⻰Ժ֪һѾ˳ŸղŵĻȥˣĻֻʵ䷴һԺ󣬿ʵˣΪ̻ǷҾӦյѻʲôģҪȻǵĸе㲻ϡûȡķѽ
һֱӶΪ׵Ǽһ﷢ʵģȻͷѣҾֱӳ㷢ʣǰ˲ɡ
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뵽ԺǸͷ˵ȷʵȡһķѣղ˵ģҲȡ֮֮񣬲ǿɲȡģ۾ֵˣ˵ǺϷ
һԺ󣬳һƣʾȹصȻʲô˼һҪȥˡ
رԺһŶŸղ٩٩̸ļһ˵ˣûôƺ
վһߵ⻰Ժæ˵չƵƳʲôֻ̡
һæЦ˵ԭƳǾ̣̣˵ͳлɢһȦ
Ƴ˶ԷĻļˣӹֵص˵ͷЦݣȴĵ뷨ղƨǼһæŻʼչŰͽЦݡ
һͶԷһԺ͵ʲôƵģƳ˵ƣղ˵ǵѵȡǺϷģ۾ֵļҵ⣬Ӧ۾ֵģǰɣ
Ƴ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻһ̣ŵʵôͬ־Ϊſں𣿡
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һ˵⻰Ժһƣ򿪡ѾȫѶԷװȥˣ˵ľҪĶˣԿˡ
ļһһһͣ׹ԼղԷˣ˼ЦЦ˵ͬ־ѽҸպ˵ƣһû˼ɲҪѽ
һһЦȴһ˵ƣ˵ɾͲҵˣҲǰҸл㻹أһ˵ʲôʵĻֻҪ˴˽ˣᡣ
ǺǣǰǰߵؿѽҿѽƳЦ˵
һҲЦ˵Ƴ̫ǫˣˣʲôģûдߣҪûеĻǾͺȥһˣҪǽ¸㶨ĻһͻȥˣҲԾ첥
һ˵ĺܼӣƳԸղƨļһ˵С֮ǰһ۾ֵǵ÷Ķȥ
ΪСļһһԺ󣬶ߵһ˵ϻƣҼǵ֮ǰǸһֱ㱣ܵģڰ﷭ڲˡ
ϻæϵİط˺һԺ󣬲ŴӰ·һѾ۵òӵĹĳ
СӹһЦ˵ƣţ˵߰ĨĨȻݸġ
ƳӹĿԺתֵݸһһϸԺ󣬽ƽ棬Ȼʾ󾭹һϸԺ󣬳һ˵ͷʾ㶨ˡ


߰һʮ ɷã
һ״۵ãֵݻƵϣȻЦ˵Ƴλֵܣлǵ֧֣㿴ʱҲˣǵĹˣǲ˼ҿ͵ɣʲôҪϵģٺϵǿô
ƳվЦ˵Уͬ־ʲô⣬ֱӴֻСҵƬһŸλѡ
һЦŽӹСݹƬһĶ
¥Ժһִﳤȥʧʱһ棬Ȼ˲ݴﳵλȥ
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׸ҲʶĲòκЧģԾʹŻɯɯ˱ݡ˷䣬һԺ㵽ƿķ䣬׼ҶԷһ£Ʋֵ⣬ô졣
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ңٴδ绰ΪϳԷ飬Ȼ˵úת̬ȴ飬׸еȴ֮˼ֻдӦ
󣬺ܿģæ˵账ҾͲȥˣص㻹ڱ˼ңûܾˣһһݡ˵ʱĻ㿴ʲôʱ򷽱͹Һ⹧ˡ
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ƿҲںЦЦʱ׸һۣԷӦòװʮȷʵͷԷȸˡǳΪ֮ĻòʵڿôʲôĿġ
ƿڹ۲׸沿ʱϵֻ˵Уҵô绰촦һ£㿴ʲô¡˵꣬㲦ͨһĵ绰֮ǰһ
绰Ժ׸ڲƿ̽ƿöţԷˣӦʽػشһ䡣˵ʵ׸˵ȫһ֮У˵Ӧԣڻû뵽ʲôõİ취
׸ҲóƿӦҲ⣬Ҫľʱ䣬ȻöԷһȥ硣
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ң˴ӶݳϳʱһͿֻ׸ˣװһ䣬СƲȥ
Ŷѽ˵е㲻Ůͬ־飬Ҳöʡ׸˵˹ȥɣҲͳԶٷѡ


߰һʮ ׸Ķһ
ƿ󣬵˵ͷûٿڡ
ǵĳս˼ҵĴţͿһվڴſڹˡ׸״΢΢һ㶣룬ô֪ǹأѲһֱţδҲ̫һɣ
ǵĳͣԺȶѾӭӳ׸ƿ˵ʱ򣬶˶һۣ֮ɫˣ˻ǰʺ䣬Ȼ׸ƿƵȥ
˽ʱƿ滹ˣֱƸɺ͵ίλ͡˿׸ƿˣҲһ㶣λͻɻؿƸһۣԷҲһͷˮ֪ⲻŵģǶԷоġ
ƿӼϵı鿴һ˿ߣԷĿ׸׸ְԼ˹׸΢ʣ˵ԷľԻǺܸߵġͬһ飬׸鳤ƿȻϣʲô飬ĻҲҪں浹ùġ
ϰ֮ǰǽˣıֺҪпӰδ;ƿԴµӳ̶ȿ֪
׸ѱ˵ıֿװʲôҲ֪ͶԷԺ󣬱ӣʼԺ
ƿע⵽׸ھϵıֺ˵ӦñŶԣȴŶԷƵƵٱ쳣ԺƿŵˣҪ˶ȶˣʱȥˡ׸ƿˣ޼ɵغͶԷ˺
ٷһСʱͽˣΪ׸ȶˣҪٺȥĻпܾҪ̱ȥˡƿԴΪڣǾˡƸɡвʣȶˣҿǼƲװģҲ޿κΣֻкԱƿ׸ȥ
ƿ˴һкԺ󣬾ͺͷԱŰ׸ȥ׸ǺȶˣӵԺ󣬼ˣСӷԱ״ɴӣֱӱ
ƿѾţ֮ڰ׸ķ棬һӣԼķ䡣
ٷԵƣҪĿ⣬Ҫһ׸һĳƿϴһ裬Ȼһ裬ɳϢ˺һᣬ绰һ˹ȥ
һ˿Ѿص˷棬ڹۿղĶȻ͵̨Щרҵʦܱȣ黹سֳģĸһıź۾ֵģܿ
ƿ˵׸ԺһǺܿĵġ磬Ƹɺ׸̬Ⱦͺһе㵣ģᱻԷ£ȥĻɾͻӴǹѶȣǵĹڼȱСܶԷıֻȥһﻹûףĿǰԣֻһһˡ
һʳһƿ룬ڵ绰潻Ļе㲻㣬ʲôʱʱϸظ߶Է
˵绰Ժһ˹ȥղĵ̴ӣԼߡһ¼ѡһҪһȫĵط⣬ҪǶԷע飬ͱ洮ͨˣ̴Ӹȥǿ׾ٵ顣
ڴԺһڿ⣬һԺ뵽˶Բߣ¼˾С£ŵĸȥӦһʧ
Ժһֿжˡ׸ײȥ˲֣Ӧ֮е顣ǵһһԷָƣ£Ҫ鵽ʲôмֵĶֱȵ컹ѡ
һ˼Ժ󣬾øӻҪģر죬Է÷ǳܣҪҵĻǲܵġȹ죬Է΢иһˣ취ӦյһЧ
ע˯žƸɺˣ˿ڱ˼ҵİԲߡǱΪϿ˳ذ׸£ĻǻͿԸˡ˭֪һ￴ȥһΪƵӣʱȴˣ˸˹ֱӰԼˣǴֲ
Ժ˾ٸԷģɴʵʵģֱȥ׸Ȼֱӡ
ȻѾ˳ֵ׼ҪǲѶ˸㶨ĻʼվûʲôסҪ汻ԷʲôĻǿɹǺúúһġ
׸ľȷʵȵò٣ҲûʡµĵزƿȥԺһСʱȾƾȥԺϴһ裬һȲ裬ɳϣ׼úѾƣȻٰ˼˼⡣
һ֧̣Ժ׸ͷԽˣȫȷϣԷϸľǺ硣һĻԿƿȥǶôǵѡҪȻ֪ϻᷢʲôء
ԷļƲûܳΣһưոݣǲ£ֻҪˮ˭Ҳûа취׸ΪĵǣĹοչ޶һȴ뵽Ӧ֮ߣȥԺ󣬻û취֮ǰ޹ⶣһҪɳԣҲѵһһĻᣬĲ䣬Ҳ䣬Ϊȷʵ䲻
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߰һʮ ׸Ķ
׸Ʋѣջεϴ˯ˡڴϣ׸룬˵ɽǰ·ͷȻֱҵ·žĶأ
һҹû˯þڶһң׸ˣʱȻ磬ʵڴɲסˣǱӴɳ˼
һֱ뵽ߵһǺ޽е㲻ˣֻͨһֻû⣬ҲҪ̽һ¾ֵ˵֪֪˷ܰսʤ
绰˺þԺ󣬲˽ӣ׸ԻͷһԺ󣬷ֶԷûءһ㶣ڵƶԴҺǲԷȻܺ˯
׸ֱӹҶϵ绰ĳ嶯һ˼ҴгˣʲôҲ˵ֱ˵绰Ҳе̫˵ȥˡһ£һ˵ǽʲôƻ
һЦ˵ûʲôƻһߵĶͿĶʲôмֵĶôʲôرļƻ
ң׸Цʲôƻ˵ҪеĻҲòôĺˣ˵ǰɣ
һ󣬺ǺЦûлشԷ⡣
׸Է磬ظ̾ѽҪⶽĹɺã治Ǽ׵顣
Է˵ֱˣһжװˣ΢΢һЦȻ˵账Ҵôһǵʱǰ£컹ոչһ죬δе̫ż˰ɣ
׸ε˵һ䣬Ըɣûʲôˡ
лԼϢĻһҪʱϵŹҶ˵绰
һӵ׸绰ʱȷʵûͨ˼Ѿ˴ŵ·£Ҫͨ߷ã˽⵽ʲôĻǲܵġȻĻǻֱ߸ˣ˵ģֻ취ˡ
òȡʲô취ڻûãǰһҪöԷɾ裬ĻʲôҲʹ
ȻѾˣȻû˯ȥĵһԺ󣬱ȥķ䣬Ȼһк÷ȥ緹
緹Ժֻص˷䣬һ绰˾»ؽһȻŽϺ÷һ
ղѾ̶ˣڱ³תת쿪ʼȥʽعһ飬ܷһ㶫һ˵⻰ʱֻΪ˸÷ʵĻ󣬼пһҪľܽϷ
һ뵽֮ǰ׸Լú÷绰Էߵжһ¶Է˳һ£׼ô
÷绰һ׸˵׼ˣԷȻ˳ֵ׼ȴӷΪ֡һ˵ͷ׸Ϊ˸㶫ҲȷʵһԽԣȷʵһܲϢ
׸֮Լ磬˵ԭ뷨ǲƸɵԿɳ֮ƺƳɵıˣֱӾܾȻУֻè׽Ϸˡ
ʱܿȥˣһź÷˱еĲί֣ûзκ쳣֮˶ͬϽ˷Ļһ㣬ɵعʼʱ򣬻Ĵģִҵıֳϵһ£ǻʲôĵıҪأ
죬׸쳣æµϽʮǵĶȻҪ죬һ棬Ҳ뱻Է٣ԶѸٵúܡ
֮ڣƿͻɯɯֵǣǲǰܵģԾԵġ磬ںˣֻҪ幫ͿԵٽ飬׸ƫҪ˾ѳʮ๫ʤ硣Ȼܺ棬ǲû׸ƿ׸ȻĵҲûж졣
Ժ׸ùݵĴϣδ磬ǵ⣬ǲԶȡػʽǰķϧȦӣǾͲǻҵţٺ٣
Դһ˸ɲԺ׸ͳһµĸоˬֱΧ׷½صĸоˬ˵ۡ׸ˬǣ򣬻ûκջ񡣿Ĺú֣ܳķܣҲ⣬Ҫȱڻ治һ׵顣
׸վڷŲ˵ʤ治ùݱڵǸҪǿˣӦ˯Ⱦ
ϢһԺ׸ƿɯɯһȥˡһСݳԵýζ׸ƿƿơƣЦƣСҲ
극Ժ׸صùԺϴһ裬׼ԺϢˣ춫ܵģ˻ˡտʮţֻͻȻһĺ룬ε˽ѾûˣҪٲӵĻе˵ȥˡ
ι账ѽãڿϽҵĵ绰ˣֻ治һѴѽԹ˵
׸ҲûкͶԷƽϣϾ˼ҸӣԶԷﲻˬҲ֮УЦ˵ǲ˼Ҳ֪ҲǸȵģ쵼ô˵Ǳôȥѽ
ԷкˣȻܵˣڵ˼Ұ£żʾһ²ԣӲװƿɾͲˡ׸ҪǺˣ޵ĵضûУ϶¶ý


߰һʮ ׸Ķ
账ڷֵģ㲻᲻ӰɣЦ˵
׸룬Ϊһڱ³ĶѽҿǺüʮء뵽Ժ׸ǿаסЦ⣬ŵ绰һ˵ڷ濴أҪ೤ʱһ죬׼Ϣˣ㿴
Ǻǣ账೤ʱˣţ͹˵
׸һûйҶϵ绰ſȥﰵ룬ţҿԸ㿪ǲܼңɾ˵ˡ
׸ţִȻһţ׼ŵ绰Ķء
˭֪Է˶ԷЦ账ǵĶѽ绹ں磬ϾȻ͵ʤ磬ֵܿѽ˵ʵסȷʵҪõ㣬账ѽ
׸׼úȡЦԷһڵĽǡ෴ôҲ벻׶ԷôҵġǺһᣬҲû˵
׸ľ״ﰵЦҵĵ̣ܵٿأֻҪ绰֪֮ˡ
׸һۣЦ˵账ղڵ绰棬̬ȿǺѽôˣѵ׼ֵܵɲǴ֮ѽ
˵վ׸Ķ棬ϴγԷʱ򣬶ԷͰǸ˴ȥˣǺǱԲٸԷ˹ĻᣬĻжҪˡ
׸ͻȻԺȻǲ죬Ǻܿ춨Ц˵˵ʲôֻǱֵܵͨˡԻԶֺ룬룡
׸⻰Ҳɫش˶Էһ䣬΢΢һ죬ڶ棬ȥ˿̣Է˵ʲôֻҪߣб˹Ŀľﵽˡ飬ֻҪûеڳ˵Сһ׮
˽Ժ׸׼Ϊݲ裬ԷѾԼˡ׸״ҲͶԷ
Ժ˾Ϳʼ̸˵أӹƵĹ飬飬̸׸ΪԷ٩һԺһʵԵĻģҲż
˭֪һԺһֱЦ˵账˼ѽˣһ㣬ǲ˼㿴ʱҲˣ͸ˣˣϴиȥƴʡǱߣ˼̹ڵġ˳һʾֵܵһƬ⣬ɲҪƴˣĻԺɶٺ򽻵ˡ
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׸һ˵Ц˵账ˬ죬ҽˣسԺֵٺúþһۡһˬˣҲ˵ϻǺǣ账ҾͲ˵ˣϸһġ
׸ĻԺЦŵ˵ͷû˵ǣҲû˵ǡƸɡ˲ȡ̬ȾǾԶ֮ȲǣҲڱˮԣΪǵѡ
䲻Ƹɡ˾ʲô飬ζʵѡϣܿһЩߡҪʲô¶ûеĻӦòҪ㶨˵ѾˣǶҵһЩ˿Ȼٲȡһж
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ϳԺûæſͳֻһȥ绰ͨԺ˵ϴ°ˣӦûз쳣Ǻǣˡ
绰ǴƸɵģԷ֪˵һʲôЦ˵ϴģûκ⡣̱ҶӦܿó˵Ƕ͸ˣԲκ⣬ָƶû¡ƲϵٱίȥҲûʲô£ʱ˵ģԼٺ٣
˵Ժͣ٣˵ҪԼǣĻֻǶһĻһ֪ôġ
Ƹɲ֪˵˾ʲôĹЦ͸ĳԶԶ
׸ŹԺ󣬱Ժֵһ̨ڲŷƽĿڴϣʼؿСʱԺԺ󣬱׼ȥϴһϴ˯ˡ
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׸룬Ϊ̲ˣǾԲϳ˵³Էһһ׸˿˯ȫޣϸشҪҳе
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߰ٶʮ ׸Ķģ
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׸ԶԷʲôܺ棬Բ˽°̲𿪣Ļʱ˵ˡ
׸µȻһ㣬ΪٻǱȽġϴεʱҲȷмã󣬻칫˾ķƱûܼʱλǰʱ䣬ѾҺ÷ˡ
ˮĵЩͬѹһ㣬Ǿõġ˵Ļѻģп֣֮Ļαأ
ֽŵĽϪ̣׸˺һͷڸת˼ŶԲߡⶫһҪ콻ȥɾý˭ȴˡ
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׸˺һԺ󣬾ֱӺ¬ϵȻݶԷҪ졣Ҳɣ·ڶڱڼ䣬¬Ƕ鳤ĻԷ㱨
һĻ¾ͿƹһˣԷǶһ鳤Ƕ鳤Ƕ˵֮ƽģȻҪԷ㱨
ȻҲб׶ˣǾ޹֪Ժ󣬿ܻ᲻ģ׸ƾ֮ĹϵʱúýһԷӦòġ
Ժ׸ԥֻ¬ĵ绰˵ʱѾˣ·ͻȻŶԷʲôġ
绰ͨԺ׸ͰϸԷһ㱨ǰԷԷƿȥ顣
¬󣬶ºӣ׸˵׸ͬ־ôܺãһ磬ʹǶزһˣֱӵ칫ҡ
׸¬Ļǿģæŵ绰˵¬ģ֪ôˣһ磬Ҿͻȥ
Уɡ¬˵ˣû㱨أ
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׸ڲ޹绰ʱЦֻҪѶԷˣһؾǹˡ
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һ⻰ԺһЦˣȻֻ˵ҵͲ㲻ˣҿɾֱȥλȻʨӴ󿪿˵ͶһԺ棬粻ˣ㿴Σ
⻰Ժ󣬱Ӷˣ˺һᣬ˵һ䣬ݣʱ򣬽һλѸʶˣɱԹҡ
һԷ˵ô࣬æӦ˵ô֣£ܸˣһ򵥡
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ѾܱˣʱٲȥĻҲκջĹص㣬Ӧתˡ֮ǰģҲֻǹʲѣͻƵĵطһţܱôһҪСڳҲ͸ṩ˿ɳ֮
ڣҪǵľ쾿ô⣬ҪɳĻһҪ˦ſǸҵġͨĹ۲죬һʼһƻΧƣɫƷƲϱ任ҲͬǵĿȴֻһǾǼǶжһĻȥĶԷȵõϢóֵ׼ǵ˵ͷԺ鵽ʲôĻǿɾˡ


߰ٶʮһ ׸Ķ壩
һصƣڴ˼ԲߣĻڼעӶҳõӦ֮߳
ڶһ磬׸ú磬չѾϴˣûпֱӴһӦȥˡԷǵָƣһҪСĽöԷ
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׸֯ʱΧһƬûȥԼİ칫ңֱӵ¬İ칫ſڡ¥ڲһڣһʱ򣬳˼λ⣬ǾԲģҪ㱨ҲҪȵϰСʱԺ
׸˿мּ֮У¥ȻǾ඼޹ģ¬İ칫ſڣ⻹ĵĵһΡ
׸绰޹ʱתʮ˵Ժ󣬲˵£޹мֲ졣׸æһͣգ޹ǿˣһŵĲ·Żص˶ʹ˴˿̣ʱ׸ﻹǸпࡣ
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׸¬˰칫Ժ󣬲κ춯ϹϾվڰ칫ǰ¬ָָԵӣЦ˵׸ѽվǸҸ绰˵Ժ˵绰
׸¬ĻԺӣһƨɼ⣬ʼչЦݣ۶¬գգһ¡
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׸ҲϹˣȻеϵǰǵԺ󣬶ԷˣȡһϵеĴʩϸ˵һ顣
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¬׸˵׸ѽҺ͹أڿ԰̲ˣûжʲôһ֪
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׸ѱĤԺ󣬰·ŵ棬ȻİװУֻнϪ̰棬̲ͨκβͬ׸̧ͷ¬޹һֻۣϲʧ飬￩һ£ϲɵüӿ˶һһеһߣ뿴ûè塣
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˿̣¬޹ҲܽţӴ޿һҪöȥʱ޹͸оΪ£޿ĸֱ¬˽Ҫһѣ¬ױҪۿҪȱˣһĻǵȻҲܲˬ
˽̵ʱһǱҲʼж
ͺ÷緹Ժֱӻص俪һ̻ᡣʱ̣ܶҲܼ򵥣һ˵
һһۣ˵ڵǵĹܲβ൱ᣬǸ޷ȡԤڵЧӽ쿪ʼǾˣһ飬ҺСһ顣ĳ͸ˣһ취ġҶǲκҪֻһּ鲻õ޹ؽҪؼҪԼСأǸŮͬ־һҪĻҾĲ㡣


߰ٶʮ ׸Ķ
⻰Ժæ˵봦ģһҵ񡣡
÷æ˵ллĹģһĺȵģֻСҲҪİʵڲеĻҲҪǿ
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˵ԺͣԺ󣬼˵ҴӽϿʼͲˣҪϵֻͨĻʹСµġҵ٣Ǿ˵»ӦˣסܴǱǱĵطģģһش𡣡
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ϵҡ³һ˵Ժ󣬱ӳһԺѸһߡС˼ʻһ˺ţһ뿪ˡ
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׸⻰Ժæص˵ͷ޹ô˵ĿģǷŲ֮ǰû㱨顣׸е㲻ˬ˵ʵⱾͲʲô˵飬˵Ҳ˺ؽͣ˵ԷùڻˣȻô¡
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׸ʡίĴԺһ⣬ֱȥڳƿȡϵ֪ʤأֱӸ˹ȥ
ƿһû׸ʻɯɯԷҲһãȻʶظоǳˣǾͲ˶Էֻʱ׸¬İ칫棬ֻŵ˾ģʽô򣬶ԷûзӦڽӵ׸ĵ绰Ժм֮⣬浣ĶԷʲô飬ĻӰɾ̫ˡ
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߰ٶʮ ˲
һͳ»һֱߵĻ磬ǾߣûʲôĻ㲻׼ٻر³ˣߵĳֱӦˣʡûҪתȦӡ
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ƸɺҲûţԼĻ˵ֻҪ鲻ߣǶҪ˯Ⱦòװ׸ƽ˾ôԸһˡ
ƽһܽ⣬Ҹ˽⵽Ϣƺһһרˡ֪ϢԺƸɸȹϵһ㣬ת
칫ãûҵһʵķԸһɲǮʲôģ϶ûãҿ״ҲȱǮӡ˼ƹҲǺǿ˽ˣһڵ̨ǿǳŮȻʱƺӦ죬ԷòҲȱŮˣֵⷽĻԵе㻭ˡ
ʮһңֻͻȻһŭѣЩʲôԵģ˶סǻܸʲôѽŻؼұӰɣ˵Ժ󣬹Ҷ˵绰ֻ輸һӡ
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˶ԷĶ֣е㲻֮У֪Էͨ죬ĺҪǷҽӲ硣
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ĻԺƸɵɫԻһ㣬Ҫ˵Ļȷʵʲô飬ֻ˵̫ƻˡ
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һϵʱæشкб˶ԷһָָۣͷϵĵŮġһǺղѣһشкͳӲԷһ֧ϵȻҲĺͶԷֻ̬ѡ
ԺæΪһѣһЦǶԷ֮ǰһѣȻǴš
һʹһʱϲŷ֣һе㻭ˡ
ϣһûӦҹǺϡųҹԺָϻص˱»Ѿѷ׼ˣԺ󣬵ͷ˯
ļ죬һų»˺ü򡣳˼⣬ǻ硢ϵʱ䣬һЩȺۼĵط澭ݵģöмֵϢԾ¥ݣһҲȥգȻûеõʲôмֵȴһš
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˵˶ˣһҲһ㻳ɣһһСƹ˵б۵ġһ˵ʤŽƴֲһΪ˸С˾ǮǰͿʼƸ¹Ҳһһɴߵ˽絳ίǡ
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⻰ԺƸɷ侲ȵ˵
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߰ٶʮ ʤ֮Уһ
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˭ŽƷ·ЦЦһ㣬ŻһŬ죬˵Сƣµļһ˭
һŽⲻһı飬ﰵ룬꣬㲻һ絳ίǣҪ֪ĻƣΪɲءϲװƵ˲٣װԼмＸ֪ģ治ࡣ
ʤɳŽƵĻæǰһһ˵ˣǹװʮʤһĶֵϣȻǶʶˣ۲ʶ̩ɽѽ˵ĶĻĶȥСӣס鲻ܲ͵˵ġ
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һ˻ĻԺ۽Žƣɫ˵˵ûʤĵίŽƣ
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ŽһĻΪԷˣ˵ԣӾʤĵίŽƣûǵ£ҹԶ㣬һȥʱҲѾ»һһģǶ֡
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ЩûõģӴֲʶһ糤Ƕ˶ˣҪб£ǰҳѽŽһм˵
һ⻰Ժظоһܺõǹװĵ̬ڨЦԺ˵Щƭ˿ԣ⻹ʡʡɣ㲻ʶ־ȻʤĵίǣʲôѽڿˣΪǶʮǰѽ
ӴСӻţŽһεӣɨȫһۣ˵˴˭֪ŽѧУŶûôʶأʤٰĵίǡôСӣ㿪۽˰ɣ
Ž˵⻰ʱ򣬵֮Ա·ʶǶôٵƵģȻŰʮ˵˵˳
һһǸƷһ˵ܣǲ쵼λģţ
ǺǣСӻһСƣСҸղ˵ǲģûϵʵʵ˵ŽƳŻ˵
ʼŽƵĻеԥⲻʶֲʲô£õԷʵʵ˵Ȼκιˡɨһһۣһһ˵ղŵǸ⣬Ѿشˣҿ֤˵ȫʵ飬ûа֮ԡ
һҪľЧװһ󾪻ʧ֮С
һ仯ȻûӹȫעŽƵ۾һȻԼԴֲһǺеģҲһ߽Ϊϰ壬һƽͷգΪʤʵۡ
һ쳣ıԺⲻѣ룬С£ͷ鶼ˣ¾֪ˡ뵽Ժһȵ˵ǲǻû״أСưȥѡ


߰ٶʮ ʤ֮Уģ
⻰һҫһǾ棬Ҫһ»˲Ҫ¡Ϳ˲ǱˣҲźǽƽϣ⣬Ҳе㵣ĶԷͷʲô֮ǰʱ䣬Ƿ»ˣڽ֮ڶһ㣬ʡиʲôˣҪʱʲôĻǲ
һҲ˶ԷϢ˵˼װһӣȻ󿪿˵ðɣһһ⣬ֻҪܸȷĴ𰸣תͷߣҲ顣
ŽԷɿˣһȻν˵л˵ƨţһҪȥ￪أûʱĥߴ
һ˿Ͼ˼Է׵ʳǹؼԵһʣܵõҪĴ𰸡ͷһеˣװģ˼һԺһװӣʵղ˵㲻ʶ֣˵ʤĵίǣҲ֤˵Ļһû԰ɣ
⻰ֱŽƺͻ˵ģ⻰Ժ䲻׶Էô˵ڣǶ˵ͷЩǸղ˵ĻתۼͲˣҲ̫ˡ
һ˵ıԺ󣬲ǵ˼Ļᣬ͵شʵ˵˵ô絳ίǵģ
ءʲôŽſڽ˵һʻ֮⣬һӲ֪ôشźá
˵ѽ˵˰ɣ˵˵ղžڴţװҲУǶۣޣһԺ󣬻һ̵֮Ա
һ˵⻰ʱֱضŽƿ룬鲻ѶԷƼˣԲ˵©ġµҪ̶ȣһŽҲԲʧصʱǾԲ˵ġ
ŽƱΪǰ˱סˣ׼Ϣˣ벻˰벽ԷֱQˡŽģ͵ģסСһɱ˵Цϣʤĵ̣Žζ鷢
ɿеעеԺŽЦ˵СӣܺǰɣУҾ˵
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һԷ˵ֱˣԲģ׷ʵ˼絳ίǵְλǮģһпǮĸ⣬ûɣ
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һ˿̵ͷԳ侲ԷѾҪĴ𰸣׼ưոݣװǲʵѽǰʱ˵Ǳķһֱûϰ࣬˭ȥ
Žƴ˿Ѿʧȥˣ˵ˣԲĻֱûһĻ䣬е˵ǿʲôѽ˭֪˵㣬ʲôװʲôʮ
һ󣬲شԷĻǼ׷ʵ˼˵ٸǸʲô
㡭⡭Ž벻Է˵ôֱӣһӲ֪Ӧԡ˵ԼĹģŽνڱʲôܣٳ֪ϰҲš
Ҫ˵Ƹģõһ´ԷȥǵʱɵóԲ˶ߡ
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ŽƵͷԲ侲һ㣬һһ˵ͷĻ𲻽һִһŭĿԲһһ˵СӣˣҵĹپƸģ˰ɣܰôأ
ŽʵˣԲŻ˵⻰ҲԼĴ㣬⻰˵ˣܰôءԷȥٱĻԲˣ˵ЩڳϰգһҲǸҳ֤
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һŽһۣ˵ŵģҷŸɾ㣬Ҷղ˵Ļ𣿡
ߣߣŽ˵ҼȻ˵ˣȻΪԼ˵ĻڵĹؼ֪Ҷ˵ˣܰôأ
һŽװƵӣʵںǲˬҪҪ׳ԷĻͲˡڼԷװˣ´ͳ֤ǰһЦ˵ǣܰôȿһ˵֤꣬ݸŽơ


߰ʮ ʤ֮У壩
һһãȻӣʶ֣⻹е˾Ρһ׼ʾǸԷ˭֪Žȴ³Ȼų֡һע⵽ǻʹڳӦûˣǱעе˳
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һ⻰ԺֻһθҪ緹òˣһ³»ǿһۣԷҲһˬı飬ǾҵҵذŪŰ׼ŽƺŮء
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ŮŽƵĻ΢΢һ죬ͷһȻǰһӹŽƵݹһĹ֤
ŽѵŮ˵ʱϰһЦ֪˭һ䣬°Ժ󣬸ýʲôأ
Ž⻰Ժ󣬺ǲˬĵطȥʱֻվ˺üˣղǻ˭˵ģǸλݵһֻۣˡ
Ů˿ϵС챾ԺŽƵĶС˵ǣˣǶˡ
飬ʲô飬ô֪ŽɻʵһֱʶΪһߵǸĸСļߣŮ˵ʲôˣһӻе㷴Ӧ
Ů˼״ˣǰԷʱ˵ʡί֯һӦþǵġ
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ŽƱŮһѣһ飬ѽĵϣǶ鳤ΣԾƣҪǲԵĻǾͱˡ
ԺŽƽһǰЦ˵鳤ã֪ܷһ˵
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һתɥ˵鳤ҴˣԸĴ֮ǰһ쵼ܸӡ
һĻԺһ£˵Ȱ˵ֻҪǺģû⡣
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ϷͷֶӺһ˰˱ŽƵĳˡղڻʹڳŮ˼һĻǲˬŽЦһߣҲҿóֻߵһϷȥˡһǿƵǽôңǻ
Χ˶ɢԺһŽһۣ˵ŽƣԻʡɲжһС鳤ݣְͣĴʲôҪ˵ģ
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ŽԷ˼ˣ˵ѽӦʱҵأʲôˣƾʲôҵְ
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һϵԷһУ˵˵ʲôʲôҲղŰʮŴҲ
ǺǣҪ˵ĻҿɾҪˡŽƵ˵˵ʲô˵ʲô˵û˵ûأ
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һ˵ǰŴ绰ŽƵľ뻹Ǻܽÿһ仰˶ԷĶ档һҲûŽƵ˼ԸʩӸѹޱס
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߰ʮ ʤ֮Уߣ
Ž֮ʣһѾ˺ͷǿͨתʯ˵Žƣ˵ŽƣڿʼѾʤĵίˣһ쵼ͻ绰ʲôֱɣӦ֪ܰô˰ɣߣ»ߣ
˵⻰ԺһûѾľŽƣֱɣ2000λȥ»װıؼҸ£һǰȥ
»ӵԺŽƲŷӦæ첽ɣ2000׷ȥ»ͨӾŽ׷ˣͷʵǼһ׷ˣ㿴
һתһۣ˵ֱǰ̿ɻɻ
»һĻҽһţ2000ֱǰȥһṦ򣬿幫·ϣֻʣһ¶ӰʼŵģͣվԭأڵشŴȻһƨ˱̫ɹù̵İ·ϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãŽƲŻæվһվߵŮеĵ绰˫ֲŲһȥȵ绰ͨԺŽæ˵ơˣ˵ʤˣҵְɵΪΪѽء
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Ƹҳһ࣬ίǷǿȴڰ칫￪ĵغСͷһƸɹʱ򣬻һ顣
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Ƹɴ˿̱ϰϣղŽȻ˵ģɵģҲ˶Է˼ڵ绰˵Žİ칫ȥ
ôĿĲ뱣ŽƣǵɵưȥԲ鷢ƸɺŽƶҪԣԼǰ;ͱ΢ˡ
ƸȲҪŽƻһԭ򣬾ͷʵһ㣬ǧҪ˷ǿʱ򣬴ͨٵ飬ŽƿָơԷҪǰ˵ȥĻ˵ӦгǻʡʡҲ
һֱƸڱһǿߣǷǿסԺǲ˵һǽ죬ĸоһ˿⡣һ˿Ǵ漴鲼ȫֲĸоָоܲãƺҪ˻ſϰݡ
ƸһŻԼ˵УҲԴУˣһзһģУȻҪ֣Ҳù


߰ʮ һ
ԺƸ˰칫ϵĵ绰زһȥ绰ͨԺܻ˵磬Ͱ˰ɣ̾ȥ죬ٵˣھõʱ
Է֪˵˾ʲôƸһԺ󣬾Ѹٷ˵绰Ҷϵ绰ԺƸǿŷĽƽҲʼǰ
Ƹɸն˶ͻȻ˼ٵһ룬ǸԶ·ļһĶţɴŲˡſںǲˬش˵˭ѽ
䣬ֻŽ͵һƿţ첽˽Ƹɼ󣬵ͲһѵæűɥȥѽȥŹϣĻôôɥǡ
ŽƼƸɹȻڰ칫أﰲڱԷ䣬һҲ⡣µǰûˣûӦ治֪ǺˡȻǰװһƴֵӣԼԼȥдĻǹ˾һտӡ˵˲ǮҲܲס˭ѽãԼӻأҲƴ⻨Ǯվͳڵ״ˡ
һֱ絳ίǵλϻȥȻûļлҪǮ˵ƸɰţһҲõġڷͻ䣬ŽչٵϢȥļ˾ͻծЩһﶼȲ죬Ͼˡ
Žư칫ҵŹԺ˴Сѧһ㣬̵ߵƸɵǰͷ˵Ҹ鷳ˣһҪѽ治֪ʡʲô鳤ҪȻһӣҲôѽ
Ƹ⻰ԺԴ¿ˣϴοʱûʱ䰲һ㣬¡㵹ãȻǳô鷳װеѽҿôճģˣ
ŽƸͷŭԺ󣬲ŭϲԶԷĸ̫˽ˣԽúܣԽûʲô¡Ҫʲô˵ˣɾˣ׼㣬׼ӽˡ뵽ԺŽЦǣǣǡȷʵôӣϲװƣֻҪҹأЩһģԲٸˡ
Ƹɿ˶ԷıԺ룬ε飬㻹˳أȥɣֻһĻҪյҾˣĶʱղţ֮԰һҵʵ⣬ɵһ
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Ϊʶһ㣬Ƹɲڶ죬һӸԷź˼ҸûӸо˲ԾŽٲС˵һʲô湻һˡ
Žܻ쵽λãȻҲɵӣʲô˵ʲô˵ǾͰѸղŷԷһ㱨Ȼһ֮伸ξԻѡˡ
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ΪƸɵԺŽƱϹϾվһߣΪԷڿΰɹѹءʵϣ˿ƺƳɿǵǣôסŽƣȥԺ󣬲Ҫҧ֪֪治֪ģѻǡ
˺һԺƸɰ̻Ҹ֣ص˵ѽҲ˵ԼҲɲС£ؼ㱻˼ҶץһУǸģڻϲֹһκǿô죬֪Ӧûûв鵽ʲôмֵĶṩһңҲĪѽ
Ž벻Է˼˰죬Ȼ˵һʧɫ˵ҿһֱĹģɲܼѽˣ
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߰ʮ 
Ƹɴʱó˵ĿģΪ˸Žƣ飬ԸʵΪԴԷԹΪĻ̵档
ŽƼԷѻ˵ˣǸɫƸ˵ҵ㶼ͬ˵飬Ҳ֪ҪȥĻҲͲӣ֪ȫ˵ˣʲôһܸȤģ˵ǰɣ
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Ƹ˶ԷĻԺ΢΢һ㶣⻰лѽ̽ǿ˵ûʲô°ɣҰ칫һ£еҪͨ
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ƸһԺƲ˵ѽǲ˼еæأпյʱٵȥ
ǿ⻰һҲ⣬ԷҪˬ˵͹ͲƸˡǿЦ˵ȻæĻͱˣҲʲô˵飬ֻһСС絳ίǶѡ


߰ʮ 㱨
Ƹ⻰Ժ󣬳һԷȥΪŽƵ飬ȻװˣǶŵ绰˵ǣҡھ͵ȥ㿴ιιǡ
˵ʱƸɲŸоߴཱུæǿѾѵ绰ˣڇNN˵û꣬ǶˡԺƸɰѵ绰һӣֱһֱԷǿǵģ벻ԷȻĵ绰ˡ
Ƹɰѷǿʮ˴һһʺһԺ͵˿ɽκ⣬õԷȥ˽һô졣ȻѾ÷ŽƵ׼ܰѶԷסĻǸã
뵽ԺƸվεǿİ칫ȥ
һ˿ڻӦ·ϣղŵԺһ绰¬Էһ㱨¬󣬺£ϻһϸĻ㱨һͳ»һӦȥ
»ڿʱĵĶͷβһ顣ʱϰ»˺ܴĵûͦġ
ӦԺһСݣһ緹⣬Ȼֱӻص˴ͺѾǰõһк˿ڰ칫ء
һ뿪ԺΪͲʵˣżͺȥڴʱ򣬶ԱָֻŵģٲȻһģͺ֪ԺŽѵ˶Էˣ⼸ʵˣԼİ칫ǰôĹҲܼʱɣϼŷһ
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ˣϰ壬鷳ֵҰѽʱĵƬȫϴǽģϴţʲôʱҪĻٺϵһֻ˵
УҽʮСʱôֻܴ绰ˡͷæŵ绰˵֮ǰһ²飬ȻŸ֪ԷһԷû˼Ҳͷˡ
Ҷ˵绰Ժһûϳǵһ֧̣վ·˼ƺƳɾʲôȥһܺ棬Ϊʮа˾źйϵǻҪǸĶνһµǶԷ̸һ֤ݣĻ¿ɾ鷳ˡȻ̸ԼʱÿζСģǲһ򣬾һ
Ҫ֪﾿װʲôͺˣһ͵ðһͷϵͳԱȽ϶͵طϵĹϵûʲô̫ϵһ治ʶ֮صˡ
ͳ»һۣһ³Ժ˾һֱڹעĶڼ绰Ժ󣬲ûϳǺ˼ʲô⡣һʲôˣҪǰһѣתһ룬㲻飬ܰʲôæأ
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»⻰æ˵Χæ˳ˣҪ治ô׵顣
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һаϲղһĪչ֮ʣͻȻ뵽㡣ԷӦйֳҲһˣҪûа취Ļֻˡ˭֪Է̸ҪԺһڴӦһλԺûɳȥӡ
ڵϢĵڣ˱֪һڲ鱦飬ܺ棬ȴֲԴһ״һԺЦ˵ȥջСѽе˵ĵӿɲһĴѽ˵ԺͶ豭ζغ
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һһĻԺһпϵѽԷȻ֪Լѣпܸղ뼺йأкĻ֪οڣֱӶ


߰ʮ һ
󣬴óһСֽڰ칫ϣȻЦ˵ϵܣһᣬҳȥתһȦǸѽΪⱻع⣬ֻԼڿһˡ˵꣬һκαʾֱվ칫ȥ
һ֪ǶԷʱͿռ䣬ţƤֽŷĶⲻأҲûҪٺͶԷˣ鲻ô˵ˡ
ȥԺһվİ칫ǰȥֻİ칫ϣиղ͹ţƤֽŷ⣬мֽӡˮȣԱߵǸСֽȻдš΢͵紵硱һһжԷ׼治һĳ֡
һϵǸţƤֽŷеĹһõ輸ϣȻɳϿʼ֪绰ĻԷǾˣ˵ˣǸˡ
Ӧйֵһ֣ϰôǾͽһ죬ԺأǺߵĻǿɾͲˡ
һֽ⿪ţƤֽŷϽŵߣǿһ治سɫСŷ⡣һȫóһһ̯棬Ȼǳһ֣֮ŷճһָİдʼĵصˡһ֮ǣų˼ĸ֯쵼⣬һȻֱӼʡίġ
һĻԺһԷҪѽĻֱʡίͱһСóʡίǷţ⿪ˡȻĿǰŵӦһģǾؼġ
ȰŷƽȻó΢͵紵ͨԴԺ󣬶ŷķڴشƺƳýˮýĿڣ紵紵ȷԺһзӦġһԺұߵǸһµ紵磬òֽļˣὫƿм̽ȥһŷ㱻ˡ
һ棬һ˵ټİ칫һˣյҲںعţĶͷϸܵĺ顣е⣬һе㵣ģ治Ƹɵ׸㵽ʲôԺ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
Ƭ̴ϢԺһŷ⣬ȥóż㣬ͻȻƬ˳һŷƬһ⣬һ벻ŮˣһڳԷһͶԷؼҵʱƬһ۾ͿԿʲôطҲƺƳɿΪ֮ġ
һƬһߣżչϸضһ顣ԺȻʧЦ֮УŻǶƬһڹ͡һ˵ǳ׷ˣ̸˵ûƺƳȷʵûһĶ㵽λһƬ
һǲɵ¶һ˿ЦӦǾϻ̿ɻɻżĳȥԺһֲȥʰԷȻͻ˳ˡҪľ֮ǰôͷĵЩƬȥˣ˵;ʲôģһҲģֱӽλˡ
һżƬԭⲻطŽȥȻٷÿڣŷһߡ룬ٲһ⿴ˣһѾˣҲʮһ⡣
ΣһѡǼĸ¬⣬Էԣһòʧȥıӻ⻴ʡڣٲά衣˸ղŵľ飬һṦʹˡ
һƬԺȫˣŵݣֻǴҴһ飬Ȼ͸ղŵǷһģһһǷ·ÿԺ󣬺͸ղŵǼŵһ
һԺһ˿ʱ䣬Сʱȥˣæóֻĵ绰Ժ󣬱㱻ˣʾԷһͻˣȻԺƿ˽
һվЦ˵鷳ϸˣⶫĶģĶȥɣ˵ͬʱָָţƤֽĴŷ⡣
һ㶣һԺ˵ϵܣ˼һ˰ͻصʾȥ
һ󣬵˵ͷȻЦ˵ֻе㲻̫Ķѣ˼ȻҲûӲĵ
⻰Ȼһе˼ǰм־֮ġڹٳ켣꣬ҲСгɾͣȻĵˮ㡣ԷȻһķ֪Ժ󣬾Ȼûȥ
˵˼ȷʵûʲôֵþٱĶ˵ŽҲԼ˵ֻǲ̫Ķѡ
һĻ㷴ˣ˵Ÿʲô£伣Ļǿɵðһķգʾֵһô顣ںˣһǿһۣĵػȥȫԵʲôҲûзǱҲֻôкͳˡ
һһᣬˡҲûкף֪ʱȽ϶࣬˵ԷģʲôʱС
йֵţһֱӴһֱȥڳϣúңʵȫһ⣬벻ԷȻҪʱ̣ܰæý˵ҪͨԷߵĻ˵ҲʲôӰ죬⼸һģֻ̻̲֮УʲôģȻҲ͵
һ·ϣһô˼ģҿ˾ѣ绰ʳ»ڷľص㡣Է˵һʲô磬һѧ࣬˾һת˾˵ͷ߹հģͰѳͣһ۵Сǰһ󣬰˵ͷʱСҲŵˣ֪ôԼˡ


߰ʮ 
һ³Ժ󣬳»ѾվСõſڵˣһ˷䣬Ժ˱ȥԷصԺһ˯ˡһæýŲմأˣشͻƣһܹĵغ˯ĸԭ
죬һͳ»ʤŽƵ飬ڱѾˣһ󣬶ŵòᣬ´µһĶֵءһǻûʲôмֵĶ
һͳ»հһֻóһֵĵ绰
ʱе㵣ĶԷ绰ôˣԷҲûжм죬ǾͽԱĶ飬ʡˡ벻ԷȻʱ˵绰һ׼Է⡣ô˵绰Ҫӵģһ˽
һãǳѽ绰սͨ߾ʹԷк
һЦ˵Ŷ֣ãþûϵˣô
ôǻӡֱ˵̧ۿ˿ĴڶţĿУܵĴȻҲæʱ򣬲ҶԷ飬Ǿ֮Ͷѡ
һ˶ԷǻͲͬѣҲö˵ʲô׼ʶԷʲôʱֿˣ˵һѽ㵽ˣôҲ绰ңôͬѧĲңѽ
һ⻰Ժæ˵֣˵ʲôأιΪϵϵԡ
ǺǣһֻǿЦɱѽЦ˵һһ£ԸⲻĹɣ
һ⻰Ȼ˼ܾˣЦ˵У㿴ʲôʱ䣬ʲôطҶǱɲϤ̫ƫĵط
һɿˣﳤһæֻСʵȥʲôط
æ˵˼ң˼ҡ
󣬿ļˣ벻Ҳܸͬѧմع⣬ȥ˼һȻȥΣͨ棬ǶİȥȥģǮҲУԿ۽ˡ
ֻÿֻ˵һѽصͰǱľƵꡪ˼ң˵ʱ䣬㹤æҿͳٵɣߵô
һ˱˼Ժ󣬲ɵüͷ˶ϲȥǶѽȻе㲻ΪȻҲֻܾõͷӦˡ
ֹҶϵ绰ԺЦؿŶİˡ
Է³һŨ̳ȻЦ˵ģСпյĻδкͳֲ˵һ˿ԿǼӵ㵣ӡˣһе飬Ҫȥһ£һԷʱҪעһЩϸڣС˵һ£һҪ
⻰Ժֿ˻ԸҪˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ֮ǰһܰæɶԷǲԸ֣ƲѣΪԼһӾСԱˣ벻Զٷܷ·תѽ
ֳϲ֮ʱֻǰӰһŷӦæվ͡ļЦ˵СѽԺǾԼˣûҪôн쵼һֱ˺ܹģֻҪ̤ʵأǰ;һǹġˣ극ԺͬѧӦûʲôɣı˵ߵݹһֽһл̡
ֿʼĶԷһʲôصĶһԸǱȽ˽ģʱҪǲյĻǿɾˡһֻһ̶ѣԷӦò嵽˵زġ
һһ˹ȥģ뵽»ҲóԷ˵֮Ĺϵˣ˳ԷҲν飬Ǿó»һȥˡ֮ǰһһ绰Է˵˻һ˹ȥͬʱʶԷĸ䡣˭֪ԷڴӦ˵ʱڴȡ
Է̬飬һе㲻˼еԼǲе̫ˡĽǶ˵һвûдڲΥԭ£˵仰ҲδɡһԺ󣬾к»ˡ
絽һξ룬һͳ»벻ʱͳˣ˼ҵʱѾߵˡһӳԺ󣬸׼͵绰Էȥ˭֪Ѿӭ⻹һе֣ôԼģѵһֱͣڿ
һע⵽߻һˣе죬һȴ벻ȥĶǱʶΪǶԷѣòسŶԷ˵ͷǸȻû뵽һȻͷʾ⣬΢΢һԺæЦسһͳ»˵ͷ
һͳ»ֺǸ˵ĺ˼ȥ˵Ժһע⵽ֱӱ¥ȥˣǵϴκ˭˵Ķ¥ǲӪҵģ֪ָһ
˵ݣ˾ֱǰȥۿҪſˣֹ˽ŲһĶ˵һѽ쵼˵ԷӲҪҲþܾ㿴
һ⻰ԺòˬԷ˵ˣҲö˵ʲô˵ֻһСԱѣ쵼ҲǿƳʲôģЩһԶٷһҲûʲôԷҪ˵ģҲһƶ壬֯ǵίڵģ׸ģûйϵ뵽Ժֵ˵ͷ
ֿһûʲô˵û£ֻһԸѣƫҪǰ̽һ¶ԷǳԱ˳ŵģЩƽʱ߸ϵ쵼Ҳһ㡣ղźŵѾߵſˣæһһƣ첽ȥ쵼ǰ¶ĺûᣬöԷȡ


߰ʮ 
һ֪滹ˣһ沿ı飬΢Цظֺ߽˰䡣
˰ԺһǰסˣʱĶ˵촦ˣҪǴСͬѧǲӵģǺǣ
һϵЦݸˣ漴˵λ쵼ɷѿģĳܳѽ
촦˵Цˣ뵽͹٣ҺҡЦ˵ôȻˣǾͼ֮֮ɣ촦
һĹģǱһƸɺ˵֯и˽֣һǴѧͬѧҹϵܲǱ涯Խ
ŽƵԺƸɺԺ󣬾Ҫƽˣһ㱣ŽƣٿͨԷǰƣҲҪ֤Լû¡
Ժ󣬾ǲȡԷ׸Уֻĵҩµøһ㣬ֱӷһĺôǲҪеκηգΣƸֽŵֱӸ֣ȻתһһĻԷգҲûʲô¡
һĻԺЦ˵˼͵мȥһ£ҿԷǸԼɣ˵꣬ų»ʹһɫ̧ű׼ȥ
ּ龰ˣæ˵һ˵ˣһԷô˵λ쵼أôܡ
һΪѶԷΪӦúû̫ϵɴ˳Ǿ͹ֲˡ
һɫһ˵֣ҾһĻ쵼òƺûʲô̫ϵ˵ǰɣˣ´ҪԷĻ쵼ڳĻͱˣ˵ԸӦ֪̫ϲ쵼򽻵
һ㡭ҡһĻ汻ҭסˣһӲ֪˵ʲôźáӡУһȻʡί֯ĴǺƸɡĵطĸٱвٲࡣӼĻƸҲҪһϰô쵼˵أѵͲ¡
ں˼֮ʣһų»ѾȥˡƸɵϹҲסˣ˵ʲôģ㿴㣬ʲô飬Ƕʧˡ
⻰Ժ˱һ㣬ֻúˣ͸֮С׼ڽһվһߵˣ˵Сѽ°ȷʵе̫ɣ׷ȥ촦ʱ£ˣ·ϳ飬Ӧûʲôɣ
֪³أ⻰Ժæ˵λģһ°ãǵһᣬ͹ȥ˵Ժ󣬲ƸɺӦץϵл̣첽׷˳ȥ
ƸһۣԷһŭݣһ֧̹ȥЦ˵Ҳ̫ѶԷˣŽ˵ģûʲô£˵ҲѾŵ̸ˣǻʲôõĵġ
ƸĻԺһϲֻҰһۣ˵ѽԶǱнѽ
⻰ԺɫһµûţûƸ˲⾿ôأѵһأĴȥˣһðʺţһʱȴ֪ȥĶѰҴ𰸡
Ƹɺͷ̣ǵĿⶼʱʱſڣһȻ˺ǻڴԷ͹ȥֻ̡Ҫһ⣬ǱƼ˵ĻͿԺ̯ơԷҪԼժĻͱһ
֮ǰһΪһǰ;ԶˣעģҲĵδ;ֻҪץסǵţǶԷֻйԹԾͷķݶˡ
ûλ쵼ʧһṦ򣬱ֻص˰档ֿտգƸɺһۣһʵСѽ̣촦
⻰Ժҧҧ˵ҸһŶԣҸ촦ˣλ쵼ġ
Ƹɿӣǲ̫ģŶԷʵСѽֱӸ촦ղſ˳ѽ
Ƹ˵⻰Ժ۽֣䲻ΪԷѣղҲ˵赭д
⻰Ժһңҿղſڵʱվһᣬ˶ԲߣҪȻԶԡЦŶƸ˵ͬѧƢղҲˣ°úܣѧʱڸˡʼʱԸҪϳʱ򣬳䲻ĳ
Ƹ⻰Ժ΢΢˵ͷ˵Ļмֿšһ˵СͬѧҪúѽĳɳ档԰ɣҺе飬Ǿˡ
⻰Ȼ΢΢мʧܵõλĿ϶ѾˡЦ˵̫ˣλ쵼æպü绰ң˵е飬Ҳˡ
ƸֵĻԺ󣬲ɵõ˵ͷ˺񻹲»飬ҲýˣлĻԶעһ¡ЦųԷ˵ͷȻһʹɫվȥ
Ҫ֪ġϴ󡱾Ȼôߵۣ˯ˣЦˣź֪Ϣˡ


߰ʮ ίˣһ
һų»ԺСһϣֱӻȥˡ»óһﲻʹ죬ʲôҲû˵ˡҲѹ֣ԼյͬѰһ˭Ҳܡ
ϣһ»糿˯һȥ飬ڱҲӶѣ鵽ʲôмֵĶȻǲˡ˭ɵӣʤŽƵùԺ֪˶ˣ˭ǹײ
Ƹɿûһôõ飬ǰȣ˲١С飬鳤Ⱥƽˣǻʲôõĵء˵ŽǻŲȥأĳ̶ֳ˵Է£ԣǼ¡һĻζһ絳ίǵѡճˣζƸֶһݲǵ룿
ϣƸɺû뿪˼ңԺۻصԭȵİǳԺֵĴӪãθߣҰȫֵҪǵܵ鷿ģǲˡ
ԺƸɺ§һŮӻطȥˣƸߵҪǸһΣ֮ĲҲˣ˺
ڶһ磬Ƹɵ칫Ժ󣬸׼йһʽĹšȻֻһССͷȴʮ㣬ÿ糿ѵİһ㱨ͻһѵ⡣
ʱϵĵ绰ͻȻõߣ洫һԸι㵽һ£е
ȻǲˬƸɻǶŵ绰˵ǣϺã͹
ԴŽƵԺƸѾʧȥ˺ͷǿԵˡҸоʱе겻ĸоԾܵ£ȴģһʱƽЩʧȥЩһӱһ
Ƹųȥʱ׼ţ˲ײϣƸɵ˶Էһۣǲˬǿİ칫ȥ鿴ıӰ겻ѣʱ֪ϰﲻʹ죬һֱСӦԣʱʱؾԷѵʾеʴ֮С
Ƹķǿİ칫ȥʱ঵ģǸðڵ׻һ㲻١·˵ææظϵǿȥǾ͸һϼټ¼ĸоȵԷİ칫ⲽƽ֮߶ƸɲȷôΪġ
ǿ칫ſڵʱƸ洫˵һ˵Է̸칫治бѽڱ˵ĵλǳȻģԲû߾ѾСǿǳһƸе㲻ˣɵüӿ˽Ų
ſڵʱƸɷַǿ칫ҵųţ˽Ų˽ȥĶȻᣬǾ˷ˣǿվȻҲվ
ǿЦ˵һ£λӦмίͬ־
ӦмίƸʵʱֻͷһˣǰ棬εԺֹ벻ڽӦˣˣһжˣǿһ̫ˣȻ˸֪꣬Ҿ͡
ãǿߵӦмͼҵλʤ飬ǿˣߴкȥƸ֡
ƸȻţɵɵڵ
ǿһԷı֣ϹҲסˣæһƸɵ½ǣС˵κкأ
Ƹɴ˿̲γѣǰһӳ֣æǰһһץסȻ˵κãκãκѽĶ𣿡Ϊθղŵʧ̬Ƹſں
һǴˣǵһǱǺǣʤ˵ЩˣǻټΪѽ˵ǰɣ
ʤ鲻Ϊʲôһʧǵ̬Ϊ˫ΣǿһЦ
Ƹ⻰Ժ¶ڨڨ֮ɫԷȻֻһЦ֮ȴɲɵ˵£ܲƸЦ˵Σ˵ЦˣΪ˰ǸõĿչӭټΪһ˵ǣ˵ǰɣ
ǿƸ֮ɫӿ˵ѽΣǰ鵱еĺȺ֮ģǵȻʾӭ죬죬ǿ˵߳Żʤ顢ƸԼһһơ
ɳԺƸɵĲ㰲ʱ便ô£һ飬ͱ鲻ѣԷȻԼģĻô˿أղһĻڶԷе㲻е˼ǶƸɰԼ
ʤһӣԺ㿪żɽ˵ǣǽеԲסѽҪߣϣϡ
ǿƸ⻰Ժͬ˵Ӧõģһϣ
ǿɨƸһۣ˵ΣʲôҪһϣ˼ǵĹʧ󣬸Ǵ鷳һ쵼мί쵼󴦷ֵġ
Ƹǿ˵ˣҲ׼˵䳡滰˭֪ʤѾȿˣλˣһаɡʤ⻰˵úܹٷ˼ȴǽֻǴ߸ôˣ˵ǸòóеΣеʲôΣûаϵ
ǿƸԷ˵ˣȻٶ˵ʲôˣƸɳŷǿʹһɫ˼ʶԷǳ˭ġƸƽʱôǿƣǿǱһ֣˭Ҳ޷ϵʵ˿̵ȻΪǡ


߰ʮһ ίˣ
ǿƸɵĵ͵Ժãмί˾˭ġ¾ôˣǹ¶Ϲϵˣ֪֪ףԲʲôġһĻʤ˺ȻǳƸɵġӶԷղŽʱı룬Է᲻ֱӰƸɸߣʤֺƸյʱ֪ˡ
Σιǡǿһ֧̹ȥʵ
ǡιҪĸߣֱŽơءʥſʤǿ˵һ̸˹״̬һɫ˿ֲ֮С
ǿ˻ʤǿĻԺﰵ룬Ȼȫλˣֲøղ˼һҪйģԭء
Ƹ⻰ԺңղŶԷĸϤˣſǹֵĳ񸱾ֳ⣬ɶһ֣Žʤĵίǣغʥֱǵ˰ֺ۾ֵľֳĸҲڱıĺĳԱˣôһȫأ
ƸɿǿǸ²ؼ߸߹̬֪˿ָԷæĻȻǲʵġ˶񣬿Żʤǿ˵Σ˼Ҫĸһߣ˫棿
˵ʵʱƸɸСģ˵ĸоĶԷģôһ˵Ļ˶Էһ㡣
ʤǿ⻰Ժɫصص˵ͷȻŷǿƸ˵λһ£˭˴绰ʱ쵼ǽˣҪǴȥ
ǿƸ⻰Ժ󣬶׶Է˼⻰ȻǸĸ˴绰ȴǲҪͨ籨ģҪȻҲѡ쵼
ǿƸǰ˵Σģһϼίŵжģ˵԰ɣ
ô˵ĿĺȻΪ˰ԼժȻΪƸɵˣûʤǿ١ƸɵǷǿͲÿĽȻɳͨ籨֮ɵ¡
ƸҲɵƣȻ׻ʤǿͷǿ˼ܲԸ⣬˵ͷ
˼ԺԻʤǿ˵Σ֪ܷһϾʲô飬ҲԼǿͬ־ĽôΪѽǣ˵ǰɣ
Ƹ֮ҪϷǿΪǲϹصģΪ˷ֹʤǿӣԲŹô˵ġղŽ˷ǿĻöԷ˳Ļ˵ƺҲʲôֵ顣
˭֪ǿĵƸɻ˼ԺֱӰͷתһߣʾػˮƸ벻ԷȻʱˣƵؿŻʤǿ˿̣˺ڣѾʳˣȻջֻڴԷһӡ
źʤûиƸᣬ̧ͷɨ˶Էһۣ˵˼Ӧ֪ǼίµĹأ׶Σǲܶ⹫κϢġ˵ԺɨƸһۡ
Ƹ⻰Ժ󣬺޲ҸطȥԷܾҪ󣬻˵أھ֡ǿǰԿ
ίǵİ칫˳ŵУǿȻ⿴ƸɱôҲһ¡Ժ󣬶ŻʤʵΣ㿴ھǹǣ
Ǿллˣʤ鲻˷ʱ䣬ֱӴ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬶Ƹ˵绰ĸˣ˵⿪ᣬ㿴
Ƹɴ˿Ҫһ¿Ļᣬ⻰Ժæ˵УΡǣ͸Ǵ绰˵óֻһһղᵽĸ˴绰
Ƹɴ绰ʱ򣬻ʤͷǿȻڱ̣߳С죬עȴȫڴ绰ϡʱƸҪǸԷ¶ڷĻǴҿɶԲ˶ߡƸ֪³ҲᰵʾһĸˣвûСղŵѾʤעˣȻʲôˡ
Ƹɴ绰Ժֽζ˶еŤ˭Ҳ뿪칫ңڼ䣬ʲôĻʱ˭˵
Сʱҵʱ䣬ءʥſŽǰŽ˷ǿİ칫ңԺֱַ𱻴˳˸ڵСҡ˶Ժ󣬻ʤûκֱͣӴ뿪ˡ
ǿƸ͸Ѻһʮ˷ֱ漴Ѹʻ˱ίһ·ȻмԱϲû̫Ĳ³ᴫģ֪֪Ҳûʲôˡ
ǿתƸ˵㿴̫ͻȻˣҪǰǽйһһ¶Բߣ㿴ô
Ƹɴ˿飬ټϸղڷǿǰӣ˵ǣ˼е㲻ҿǸɣɣһˡ˵꣬ȷǿı̬תȥ
ǿ⻰ԺǲˬͶԷ˵ʱĿǣԷĻش𣬷ϼ¼̬ȡ뷢͵ؿƸߵſڵʱһģҪǼʱץסűߣпܲǽȥʱĲɢˡ
ǿ룬ʲôƵأĸȫˣƸɵĸʱƵӦǶԷŶѽ
Ժ󣬷ǿһ֧̣ϰȻس
ƸڻصԼ칫ҵһ·ϣ֪ôģԺ󣬴ڴڵشŴĸоֻ˲ᣬȫһֽӽ̬ơ
Ƹɸ׼֧̳һ飬ֻ͵ŵȫһе̶䵽˵ϡ


߰ʮ һˣ
Ƹһץϵֻ׼һĺ룬һŭѹѹ
Է绰һ˵˸ղĸ˱ߵϢһٱֵò֪ĻǶԷܾʹ˱ȻһӵĹӣǵȴСµĻòţ˵˴ıˡ
绰ͨԺȻ쳣ңһƸĸ˵顣ƸΪסԷûлشֻǸ߶ԷԼڰ칫أԺ˵⻰ԺֱӹҶ˵绰ټû˵˵
ƸֻﴫཱུæһɫȡԺ󣬰ֻ棬ȻϹһ˿΢ЦʱҲҡŲѵĻòű鷳Щ˾ͻţȡġ˿ѾĹؼʱ̣ɲء
ӲƿƸɰ칫ҵţææ˽ƸɿӣͲһ˶Էһۣ˵ôż˻ʧˣ
㻹֪Ͱ͵˵ŽǳˣղҿСмί˰Ǵˡ
Ƹɵ⻰˵Ժ󣬵ӣŵ˵ҸմǱ߰칫ҹǾǱߵģôˣʲôϵ
ǡϴβǶҡǲģڿôԷӣ淸Ժ˵ô飬Էܼǲѽ˵ע۲Ƹϵı飬ˣæɲס˵ˡ
Ƹ⻰Ժ޲ָԷ⣬ԺӦ뷽跨ԼƲȥĶ͵ĵⲻǳԱ˳ŵݺݵضԷ䣬һ뵽Ը͵µ뻹ˡ
Ǵһ˿Ц˵ѽڵҲ֪Ƕԣ˵ǵĹؼʱ̣ʲô˵ʲô˵һҪٿڣ˻ӿڳĹѵ
⻰Ժɫǵͨ죬ѹ˼һ֣ԼְֻмĲɲһǰ㡣ʶԺ˶񣬿˵öԣҸղŵĻȷʵ³çˣ£
Ƹ⻰ԺЦЦ˵ѽ֮ûҪôʽˣ֧̣Ǻúһ£ô졣˵ߵһ֧̹ȥ
ٽʱһ֪Ӧмί˵Ϣƿ绰ġҶϵ绰Ժһ룬òĻһǽȥ¼йϵҪȻʹ⼸ˣĻδҲ̫ɺһ㡣
һǰϢ֮ǰȷϵһ룬״޿ĵ˵ˡѾ⣬ҪˣֻȱһͷöͷģӦǵ˶ֵʱˡ
˵ΪʲôҪˣһܿ׵ľƸɺӦг֮Ȫʳ֮Ĺϵ˵ûиεĶͲ֪ˡ
һʱΪֹǶڱʹʵѾˣĿǰǽݴ쵼ͬ־ġ˵ϷôͲǸùĵˡ
Ժһͳ»ڳȺ÷˻ԺһӦ졣׸ʱѾȥˣ绰ʱһзء
ǻصӦĵڶ죬㴫Ƹɺ˫Ϣٽʱ򣬱ίǷǿһ绰˼Լһһۣһġһ˼һ£ܾ˶ԷҪڱɴڷ˼ϣûбҪðա
ǿȻҲ׼һĻҲûжֻ˵ڱúúһˬشӦ
׸ΪƸɺĹͣ޹˵һЩԺˡ


߰ʮ 
⻰Ժһһһǳ侲ˣ˵Ļ϶ǳ⡣ɻһЦ˵ϸ磬ʲôˣɲķѽ
һʲôʱ㻹˼˵ʲôģˣĶأ͹ȥ㡣ż˵
һԷ˵ʽæشϸ磬ڰ칫أҪȥǰɣ㿴ιϸ磬ιߴཱུæȻǱѾҶ˵绰
ֻŵ칫Ժһò˵ʵе㲻ôջǵģʲô顣׼һ룬绰ͻȻ塢һǲˬͲû˵ιλ
¬ھ͵ҵİ칫
¬壬Ҳ֪ǡι¬壬¬˵ʱһĶٴδϤཱུæ¬ҲҶ˵绰
һѻͲԺúܲҪ˵ղϵı˾еɻ󣬶¬绰ȴеš¬ʲôˣ˵̩ɽǰɫ䣬ʮٳĽԲŭ֮ģڡ
һԺһվȥܳʲô飬رǾԽ⣬һѡ˻ȥԡ
ߵſڵʱһӭ˼ͺ߶ԷһиʮӹöԷȽӴһ£ȥ¬İ칫ˡͺæЦشӦ
¥Ժһֱ¬İ칫Ҷȥٽſڵʱ͵ȥƿǴһϢҪʲôĻҲǰ׼
ƿİ칫ԺһʧˣΪӶԷ￴һ˿ȣ˵֪¬ԼһĻ̽ϢȻ޴̸ˡ
һƿԺ󣬾ͳȥ¬İ칫ҡƿıӰﲻһ˿Ľ֮飬ֱͨӳ¬칫ҵģ˲쵼⣬ԷΨһһһҪ֪ƿʱ뷨ǲ֪ÿ޺ãǸЦˡ
¬İ칫Ժ󣬼Էһļؿšһһ¬Ժ󣬾վһߡó¬е㲻ԣҲΣֻһ״
¬һԺ۾һֱŶԷȻӶԷĹ濴ɻ󣬵ȴû¿ĻһǲһĻҲͷһˡϴںͶԷ̸ʱ򣬾޵ذʾ䣬ڿЧƺһ㣬ҪȻĻҲ˷ˡ
Ժ¬ϵļֱֱؿһһ˶Էı֣мֻңȴû˿ʾû˿ӭŶԷ˹ȥ
˾ô۵Сۣ֮á¬˶Էı֣ġΪһλߣڹٳϻģʲôĻʱ򣬾ûеϼ˶ӵġ
¬ŲŲƨɣһ˵ɣȥ˼죬񳤱ѽ
һûûԷô˵⣬ԲûмŻشֻǹص档ʱѾȫû˸ղŵĻ֮УΪԷ˵ȥ˼족ȻָȥӣһĻȻûʲôõĵˡʱ䣬йоأһڶ棬ʲôҲû̸Լᣬû˵ϡ
¬һ⻰ܳסﰵ˵ͷһ˵ǼеģһҲ˵һһģҪȻĻ˵ı֡
¬ѾˣҲûҪٶȦˡӳóһžһ˦ڰ칫ϣȻ˵ԼɣһҾյһݺ㻹ҳѽ
һƳһϵŷ⣬ôˡ컹뵽ŵģʱˣӦҪзӦˡ챻Ϻ¬绰ˣһûзӦ֪ôˡ
¬һۣЦ˵¬ѽˣԭΪѽǺǣҪ˵ĻҾͲϹˡ
Ŷ֪дʲô¬һĻԺ󣬺ʵ
ƺƳɸٱţһӦ֮ߣڱ˸ǰҲҪҴһ㣬¬ǰûǱҪˡֱӺгһĻ¬ܶ༸֮⡣
ҪڹٳʲôҪʮа˾ŵ˻ѡӹٽ⿴ȥûκ⣬˵Ԫ˧ʿǺʿڳΪԪ˧֮ǰȰʿúõȥҲ˵ڼӹٽ֮ǰһҪվȽŸסǰλãиһĿܡ
һ¬ĻԺ󣬼˼һȻ˵¬壬µû֪дʲôһ֪ƬҺһλŮʿġˣҲһҲʶλŮʿû˵ɣ
¬һĻԺסˣôҲ벻ףԷô֪еݵģ˵ףԲϹɵġ¬һۣûгԷĽ͡
һ¬ı֣Ͱȥ˵˳ֻȥ͸¶Ϣ̸꿵
¬⻰ԺעһһᣬԷĿûκζŻʵƺƳ֮ìܣ
⣬һ˴𰸣ֱӰ֮Ȫ֮ĳ˷˳ѧԱҲ˳˵һ¡
¬⻰Ժ󣬲ˣĿ˼˺һᣬŵ˵㴦û˶ˣܲܲʾĿǰƶԣɲһʱѽ


߰ʮ һ
һ⻰Ժһ˼֪ԷָΪˡһ£̽¬壬ҾӦòҪǳְɣ
Ŷ¬̧ͷһһۣ˵棬ʵһԽѽҿûҪͽȥʰǵĻǱ˵飬ûаϵȻŵĹһȥģͲòˡ
һ¬ĻԺ󣬺ܿģЦ˵Ǿлл¬ˣҪûбĻҾȻذ칫ˣǱ߻ڵأ
Ŷ˵¬Ҳ˾ʱһ˵ĻȻе˼
ǵģ绰֮ǰϸմ绰ңӦõҵİ칫ˡһ˵Ⲯǡ
ǺǣС֪鲻ѽˣЩ鲻Ҫҡ¬Ц˵һ⻰ԺЦץץͷ׼վ¬ͻȻɫһ˵ˣڱʱû˼һ̣
̣ʲộһѾ׼ˣ⻰Ժһɻطʵ
¬˵ڣ˵鳤һһ̣涼ȵĻıҡ׸ѾϽ֯ˣҺ޲ۼģأǹǽҧˣֽŲɾ˼ҿ֤ģ˵ڱ֯һͬѧġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲Է˱˼Ժ󣬷ƸɺҲ߶ϯֽ׷ӲҪһл̣գԷǲģԷڨڨ˻ȥ벻Ȼ۾˵Ϲ⻹е֮⡣
һһ£¬˵¬壬һô𣿡
ǺǣСѽ㻰أôơ¬Ц˵¬һȻᣬӾԲͿ˵ȥĿġ£ôձ˵Ǯأǲǵ͵ӽˮ
һ¬ĻһУҲǿѨ硣˳µĻҲһ鷳¡¬Ȼ̬ȣʲôõĵأ
¬壬ġһͰȥ¬һ㱨˵Ժһͣ٣˵¬壬ʱһȥĻǲ˾С£԰֤ⱦ˼ҵĴҲм豸һ֪ôˡ
¬⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷϰ棬Ŀ˼˺һᣬ۾˵¾ɣҲҪϣӰбֻͬѧο¡Ƕ࣬һҪ೤ۣǧͷֻԸ
¬ǺεˣһղŵǷԺ֪֢ĶˡǼһѾˣ˵汳뷨ҲԲſڴƻƣĻֻϵ⡣һĻ˭ڸ£һ۾ܿˡ
һ¬ĻԺæվ˵¬壬˵ĻҼˣԺһעġ
УС¬Ҳվӣ˵ɣǱ߻˵ţȥæɡˣƬʲôģó̫ʣֱӽλĻܹˡ
ǣ¬壬֪ˡһ˵鷳ˣҲллĹġ
ˣ˵ЩûõˣԼģȥǸɵͦģٽɣ¬΢Ц˵
һ⻰Ժ󣬾úղѣһ¬ûԸˣתȥ
¬һȥԺӣó绰һȥѸղһ˵һܣ漴͹Ҷ˵绰
һԼ칫ߵһ·ϣﶼŸղ¬˵⡣ڻе֮УҪһݸ̣ỹ˵һ˵ˣһ˵ûãʱĻıɾʹȥˡ
뵽ʱһֻú亹ֱð¬ղѵģԺһҪ೤һۣǧԸ
Ժһ˸ղŵ˼칫ȥѾôżԭˣ¬ղ˵ģ½ԷȥĻ㴦
˰칫Ժ󣬹Ȼż칫ⲽһԺԹһ㣬㵹ãȻŲ
һԷСϱһЦ˵ϸ磬ҿɲ㣬λү⣬ΪҿɲУ쵼һк͵¥æ¥µģʹ˲С˹ɣ
Էôһ˵ȻҲͲټƽʲôˣ˶ԷһۣӰóֽƬ˦˵㱻˺ˣĺ㱨ţ㵹ãȻǳԱ˳ŵġ
һǼֽƬչۣһߣ˶ԷһۣʵôǸӡģԭأ
ϱһıָеסˣѿ˵СӾһǷ˺ô󹦷Ÿģ㻹ҪԭǷôĿ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵е㲻˼ˣԷһǽŸ㵽ЩģһȲظԼϵˡô˵ֵ֮鶼Ǻ˸жġ뵽Ժһ˵лϸĹģղֵǺ㿪ЦģǺǣ
Сӣô飬㻹ĿЦӦûʲôˣѾүˣҿ˭ó˵¡һ˵ҽȥһ£ģ鲻ҪǲĻǿɾͱˣߣ


߰ʮ 飨һ
һЦ˵ϸ磬ôæС¾ͽ죬ұ֤Ͼܸ˭ġ
ŶϿһһۣһԺ˵У¾ͽˣֻҪ˸Ҿˣʣµ飬졣
ǹټӵܣϷ켣꣬ʶȻĶ֮һı֣ѿԷ֮ǰѾ֪ˡȻѾ֪£Է̨Ȼˣһ˵ҳ˭ģϵҲ֡
УһΪԷʱҾʹȥһ˵
УǾͲ㹤ˣˡ˵СӼȻ֪£Ҳǰһû˯óɣؼȥϡ
һ룬ղڵ绰û˵ʲô飬ô֪Ϊ¹ģǿͿغͶԷ˸кȻ˳ȥ
ԺһͷȡϵöԷĵƺƳɵƬ͹ͬʱһ˵ȥ
ͷʲôˣ⻰Ժæ˵촦ͷһٶʮģҶѾպˣұ֤µֵܾԲ͸¶ֳȥ
УǾ鷳ϰˣ飬Ҽˣɽˮ꣬պĳһӱġһ˵
ͷǽˣ˵ҲûҪҴţڹٳ߾ˣһϲЩ˴򽻵˵£濸ľͷֱֱȥûҪ÷˼ȥáʲôĶ
һĻ󣬴ͷȻ⣬æ촦ô˵ҿɵ𡣴ͷǸˣ֪ģԺʲôõҵģֻҪһһ߾ȫ
һ󣬺ǺЦҶ˵绰
ٽ°ʱһİ칫ңǰ󲻹ʮ˳һһŷְ棬Ӧò¶ʮƬͷ治һġ
ϣһϺԼ˽̻ʹۻģжʱûˣװҲӽβˣ׼һһĲ衣ʱ䣬ܻһ˼ҲһЩ뷨һϽһ¡
һΪ飬Ĭ絽ʮӡ˸ոͿĳʻ˽̻ʹһְװƬŷ⣬ĵݸϡ
ȻǺ棬뵽ϾҪˣҪǸԷĻ̫ýͣΣֱӰŷ˰
ŽԺ󣬼λѾϺȲˣһɻ̧󣬿˿ʿûѽһ̣ԼĿ룬֪λʲô裬Ȼô͹ˡ
뵽ǰһʲô飬˼Ҳ˵Ȼѯˡ뵽ԺЦ˵ֱ˰ɣˣǿɲҵѽ
һЦ˵磬ˣղϸȥ飬Ǿһˡ
ܶԷô룬͵ģҪһ£϶ȥ
⻰ԺҲЦǺǵ˵֪ѽ쵼һ£һģΪ˷ֹ˹Ҳ⿪ȥӵġ´Σɾֵѽ
æ˵ǣлϸ粼´Σһ۲۵ȥɡ
һ֪Ȥ֮䣬ȷʵν顣ֻҪûΪپС
ٷԵúɣ֪һҪ̸ֻһƿơϿԵòˣǷ¿ӣ˵ϰ壬ʲô뷨˵ɣôţ㲻ѽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬶Ц
¿ӣץϵУֵݸһ֧˷ֱϻԺ󣬾Ϳʼ
λҿ˵˼Ǳ׼ʮһڼ俪ҵ׼ʲôϹλһ£Ǹô죿˵
ڶڴ˵һȫ˦ƹϵҲò˶٣ȰѶԷܡ
ĻԺһֻúղѣԴӶ鱻ճԺͰѴ鶪۹ȥˡһۣʵλʱеæû˵Ƕװ޵ʲô̶ˣ
⻰Ժæ˵ˣµҾ깤ˣ˵ǰɣ
⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷʱմȥģ벻ôó
һˣһ£˵ԷʮһҵҪҲ׼ʱ俪ҵĻü
Ժ󣬷˰ۣüʱɲſڴƻƣ˵˵ĻǲǵԱ
һ˵Ҳһⷽо˵װ޵µɵĻʣµʵûж飬Աͱһµʱ㹻ˣȻðһ£ʮһҵĻȫü
ʲôѽʲôֱ˵ûˣ˵ʹһѽϼһӣͶעеľڼ˵ΪѣȻżˡ
һһۣ˵磬ǲ˵ĵƲǣָʲôСǳ衢ʲôġͬһ쿪ҵĻǼпܡ
һĻԺ¶˸мɫЩ˵ȷʵ̫ʣǼԸģһ˵ˣǾûˣϾԷϵĹϵҪǿˡ
⻰ԺҲ˸ղֹԭһ£˵ʲôΪѵģʵڲеĻҾ͡


߰ʮ 飨
Ǻǣϸ磬𼤶һЦ˵㲻˵Ҫɣһһ£Ӧа취ġ
ϱһһ˵̷ŵڣǰϱľһЩɫ⣬ֻҪ˵ȸ㶨һOKˡ˵ģǸ̸飬㹻ʵǾͲһ𷢲ƣûн껹ҪŴĻǺеԤˡ
һۣ˵ͶԷ̨ĻҾÿһĴͿ԰ѶԷҵǸϸѹȥ£ҪĻӦòʲô¡
ϸ뿪ڴӦһȴ˵λϸ磬ҵûҪЩͷԵĶͷȻв׷ʲôģǱԵҪǳɼҵȺעصʲôԲЩǴɣ
һ뷨˷ܵ˵仨ǮЩʵø˿ͣʲôҵ۴ȫ԰ʲôϡǵģܵ
⻰һԺ󣬻ȻȷʵǸ⣬֮ǰֻźͶԷ̨ϷˣûлǶ⡣ȷʵһʵݣЧĿҵҿӦÿС
һˣƱ˵У¾ôˣǸһףһ¡
ҲЦž˱һһ
¾ƱԺһ˵磬ȥǹ˾沿һ£ҾۿǷʱνУԱ֤ڿҵ죬ʼն㹻Ŀ
Уλͷ°ɣС£ȥĻû⡣ĵ˵飬Ѿѹ˺ܳʱˣڱһﻯˣ˿̵֪
˵Թ壬⻰һû֮ǰʼţǼûȥ⣬ֻǱˡ
ˣǰʱ䣬˵׼׹Ǹ̸һ̸ģô͵磬ʵ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣ǵһϢʵ磬ô£֮ǰôû˵
ŶȥǶʱ䣬һλѣ˵׹ҵͷֶ˹˾׼ڣұ㶯˺ͶԷϵͷһ˼ֱܲҪѵַڶУġ˵
ŶǾ͵ûϷˣҪܺĻ˵һ£ϧһϧ˵
󣬽ӿ˵ѽҹ׼ȥһ˶Уȥǿһ˼ȡ㾭һ棬Ҳܲ˹ǶνĴ⺺רҵԵ˲Ųѽ
ҿ¿УҪǲҼеĻȷʵǺ˵ˣȻ׹Ĺ˾ϲˣǾҪȡ֣ǿýʲôأ
⻰һ˵ϺĿⶢһϣרΪ˼Ĵʦһ㡣
һ֪˵˼Ҳƴǣһ˼һǵ۵ڻȫʡֻû˼˼Ժһ˵λϸ磬ҿͽлŴôԺзֵĻǾͿԽлųС
ţһĻԺ϶С߶һᣬ˵ţʾڻģɣҲ̬ȣҿֿС
ѽȷʵáš˵ȷʵһҿС
һֵʱҲŵ˼ڱһ˵ӱչˣ˿ȻڳԷˡ
һ״̬ѽһӽؼԵ⣬ҿ԰ѵҲһ㶨ɣЦ˵
磬ǲȷС컨ңһӹ˵˵ûҪＤɣ
⻰Ժ󣬲ɵץץף˼ЦЦҲְҵˣڹ˾澭ʹģҲǽ龳ˣ֪˳һϿ˶ԷıԺ󣬶ɵùЦ
Цòˣſ˵ˣЦò˰ɣǲǿ˵ˡ
⻰˵Ժ˲ûֹͣЦøӱ䱾ˡԺ󣬲ͣϢæ˵һղ˵Ǹۡ۵ķżΪ֮ԣԲܳʹãĻǿ϶ԲԷǱߵпڿɱãʱ䳤ˣߵ»ǱȲǱѽ
ĻԺһ϶ֹסЦݡԷ˵⣬Ҳٵؿǹնûʲôõİ취˵߸Ǵ˵Ǳ߿ҵֵĵضΣߵ˫Ϊ˭ûа취ı״
˳˼˺óʱ䣬˭ûпڡ
ץϵɢһȦԺžһΪԼ˻һԺ˵ҿԶڸһЩؼƷȻӡ˵Сȥɢһ
һ⻰Ժ󣬶Լͬص˵ͷȷʵһİ취ҪӸϸı⣬Ǹһֱˮн֮СҶֽ̬ӣͷɨһ۾ǲˣָ𵽶ЧȻǲʵġ
һһ̣Ȼ̻Ҹ豭׼һڲ裬ֻһæ²豭˵˵һ棬Ķࣿ
⻹Ҫ˵ȻǳվվϴվΣôѵѳվᵽǳû˵


߰ʮ 飨
ϸ磬˵ˣһаѳվ뷨ٺ٣һЦ
ʲôᳵվһĻͬʵ
ϽʵһǲǺȶˣȫʡ˵ؼˣСسǶѳվᡣӦ죬ʡʡᣬ˼Ұѳվᵽǲǳ˵
ϵĻҲ˵ͷʾͬ
һ˵ıԺһЦˣȻæ͵λϸ磬ˣҵ˼ҪᳵվǸǸղ˵ģͳ˵ˡ
һһһǸ˵Ϳˣֱ˵˵ʲô˼ǿɲٲˡϲˬ˵
һæ˵Ǻǣ˼λϸ磬ûб˼ǲܰᳵվǿǹվ̨϶ԽҼǵԶһվ̨ɣҪܰһƵĻǾˣ˵ǲǣ
վ̨ͬ
һһۣȻص˵ͷ
϶һۣȻͷ˳˼˺һԺ̧ͷһ˵ѽСԴϾǺʹ½ȥˣ㶨վĻѶ̫ûʲôգһССĹվ̨Ӧòڻ¡
ʱҲһ˵һѽվ̨ļΪæվ̨֮һҪܰƵһǿ治Ǳˡ
˵Ժ˶ЦƤѽ漴ʼԺ⼸Ѿóʱˣһٷûг꣬еⶼѾ˳ˡ
극Ժȥϴһ裬һߵʱ˻û׼кģ뻹ˡ
صԺѾʮһˣһɳһɣѸղ۵飬ŵӰƵԺٹһ顣뵽˵׼׹ĳҵ˾ʱһԺ͵һˡ
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̸⻰Ժ󣬲ɵߵͨ죬ղŵⶫʱûп̫ࡣϴͻʱ򣬶ԷģҪԵʶصᱻһһ˵޵֮С
һ̸꿺ߵıԺЦǴ˷Ĺ
˵˵ЦЦ˽һСʱҲŽһ߹ȥԺ󣬱̸һǰһ߳СꡣϳԺûֱͣ뿪˶ѧ
ǵĳԶԺ󣬴·С߳һüĿŮǷһԭȵ飬ڵ衣˿ˮűɣʧķ૵˵ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôһһεؾܾңȴֺŮˡءء⾿Ϊʲô
Χ˻谵·ƣ紵Ҷɳɳż·ƹ⣬˭ҲһҪĴ𰸡վϤĽͷãֱֻϤγѡ
½Ժ󣬵绰ͷҶϪǴֵȥʳ̳ܵȥˣôôûûл
һĨϵˮЦ˵èóԣһѣ䣬Ȼᣬܰѽ
ôĶѣѽҺСͮȼء˵꣬ػҶϪֱӹҶ˵绰
ֻŽ´ʧǵʥСȥһ·ϣ絶ˮߵһ㣬ͣ
ղţ衢ҶϪͮģͻȻöеˣǱȥԵġ˵ͮһȥģ׼¥ʱͮĵ绰ͻȻֻöһ¥ȥˡҶϪĤȥĻǲܵġ


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ǰߵʱͻȻǰһΣһϤɣɵǣȴࡣ豾ΪԼۻˣʱһĳôģǰƵλÿȥ
һüȻĳʱôᵽģѵԼģ뵽ԺȾϲȲͳֻ뿴ûδ硣ֻĻԺƲѣտҲ˵δ磬ϢҲûһ
Ȼҵģʱôᵽأﰵʵ룬ԱߵСȥ۾ȴһֱɣɡ
һԺ迴һӲܼ˳ȥкͻȻиŮ˸˳æС档˺Ĭ˳Ȼûκǵľٶʱ㣬ǹйŮģɵҲ֮Ĺϵ
ڻһ·ϣô벻һΪʲôǸŮˣȴŴξܾߵǸŮȻҲܳɫͶԷȵĻǺмĵġ˵ΡȻ£ʤ棬ƸǺͿ֬Ĩ۾ֲġ
СĴԺæϵˮգ۾̧306ȥ
һ̸꿴˿۵ĶصļƵԺְѸղϰһ顣һޱȣ̸ֻĵķˡĳ˼״ЦԺòҳˣٺ٣
ҹһ̸˵Ҹģһֵǧ𣻶˵ߵģꡣ
ڶٽʱһؽӵϵĵ绰Էڵ绰˵ƬеѾˡʼʱв˴绰ȥ״ԺһϢˡ
ϰ˵ңһӦĺүӵֻ棬үӿԺֱˣ绰ûٴ
һһȻʵ⣿
²˭ֶҪɣʹʡίǺҢҲ⣬ϾԷҲǸɲɲһܸ㶨ĽɫοдҪû㹻ɵĻǾԶġ
ͦһĻЦ˵ʲôϵѽҵǶֻүӿ˿ȻӽͰʡίУ˲ٳɼ¥һһװꡢάʲôģûͣλλıȷʵ˲СĹѽ
һԺѾȫƺƳԭˣֺϳл͹Ҷ˵绰
ֻŵ칫ԺһϰϣͨƺƳɵ飬õһЩܵ飬ǧҪܣֺûõģпܰԼݽȥڶӲõǮǧҪȥ֣ðԼȥ
ʱǱҲϢǻһ׵һµ绰Ժ󣬾ֹ֮̿УΪƽʱģһ̣벻Ȼôһ£ǲ鲻֪һЦ޹Ϊ˴ϻǺмֵеģôŮ˾ͻͷ˵زŪôһ׸ߡ
绰ԺͻȻƵһһԺ󣬰ϵЦñƳ
һǺ÷ҲûҪŸָָ칫ǰӣöԷ˵
÷Ժ󣬰ݲϣһİ칫һţ˵账ܽᣬǵͺˣǱߵĲŸոŪ㿴һ£ҪʲôĻȥġ
УˣһͿȻʱӸ࣬һʱһҪ쵼ǵҪءһ˵
Уģ֤񡣡÷˵ų»ܵǿСԼŪģص㿴һ£ֹʲô©ġ
֪ˣȥæɣԺһ绰ġһ˵
÷ȥԺһؿܽصעܽᡣ׸ģʱԷ쵼㱨ûʲôϵ»дǲֻͦģ齻úҲֻȺЩ㣬һһһ޸ġ
ģְ׸Ǳߵ˿һɨ裬ͷ˲⣬Ĳ˵һҳֽ־ûʲôϵҲӲ绰׸˹ȥ
绰ͨԺһ˵账ղź÷ܽᶼ˹ҿһ£е⣬֪ûпأ
׸⻰Ժæ˵ܽᣬûɯɯŪģҺ÷ҪأԺһûһݹȥô
׸˵ĵʵûҪκΣһ绰ΪáȥʱС飬ŪܽȻҲǻɵݡҲ˵ܽĻһûаëǮĹϵԷܼʱӦ˵ǶĹˣҪڲĻǲǳ˻ˡ
һЦ˵账ѽҽ㻹ǺúÿһĲ˵ֽĴҪǱ쵼Ļǿ½ȥ˵أ
⻰˵׸Ϻһ飬һģɲСѧдģν飬ǽ쵼Ķ鹤ܽᣬȻִ֣Կ
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һ˵һã͹Ҷ˵绰°˵ȫԲڣ׸һѣмСҲǶһԱ׸쵼ǰ˵ĻҲÿ
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һ˻ɯɯһۣ˵ûʲôҺ账ҪԺϸһ㣬ЩȻһЩСϸڣЩϸھܾյĳɰܣ˵ǰɣ
ǣǣԺһעġɯɯһĻ̧ͷŶԷ˵
˼Ѿ˵ˣһȻٶ˵ʲôˣѸղŵǷܽظԺ󣬱뿪ˡ
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쵼ģȨıЩȻǱزٵģŷĻֳʡЩ޷ͨ˵ɣͨжչֳĻڲ֪УñΪ۷
һǣٽ°ʱ򣬻ɯɯٴİ칫ҡ޸ĺõĶ鹤ܽᣬһ˵账޸ĺԺù㿴˵һʱ쵼ǳ⡣
һе㻳ԼĶǲˣɯɯһı飬֪ԼˣǶԶԷ˵ȷɣһ
ɯɯܽԺ󣬵һټȥ
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յʱ绰˵ܶȥУһʱܹܲȥһ붼ûʹӦ
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һܽóϸ飬ȷ󣬲Žһߣæ顣
ʮң׸һİ칫ң˿Ժ󣬾һ¥ȥ޹칫ҵǰΣԼİ칫ǰ֪æʲô˹ˣƤû̧һ¡
ı֣˵һﲻˬ׸Ҳܲ쵼飬Ӽ˵ǰλɶʵʵڵô˵ҲӦд
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׸Ȼˬ֮ԻıԵҪһԷղȥ칫ҵʱ򣬻һͿӣͻ䣬Ȼеԭ
״Ժ׸ŲһŲ뿴һӦǰľ档˵üС£һ͵Сİ칫ſڣһҪǴĻ뱻
׸뵽飬һҲȻءȥкǻĻܰβ̵ȥҪǰõİ취ǲֱĴڣл޴˵ȥ
Ժһֱ޹ǰȥǰԺûκγɣֱ̧šƣƣ£ʹһͳһƿţֱ˽ȥ
׸һıԺλ˼ĻһλãδؾôõӦ֮߳ȻϲװƣҸɴ಻㣬Һأ
ʱסȥһһ״ĻǵùֻԼ˵һе˼˼λǰ߹Ӳûдָô˵أ
仰˵Ҫ˵ĻҲǰ˼ֻԱ֮ʩкδأ
׸ͶȥͬһƳһĺ޹İ칫ȥ
ɴ˿࣬޲óȥһһ٣ܽͷ֮ޡӦи쵽ʡί֯Ӧ˵˶ܸӣȻ쵼ǳ⡣ֻһļһⲻӣһŴδ쵼ǰ²̨ǿ벻̡


߰ʮ ﱸ
ҧг֮ʣİ칫ͻȻ޹ĺСôλ裿
һæ˵ˣˣ
ɸһ׸ϲ˳ȥԺ޹Űܽ칫һţ˵ݶȷȻʼ׼鹤ܽ飬ʱѾˣں죬ʱ쵼͸ҵһֶμӡ
˵Ժ޹豭һˮȻŽ˵λĹģȻǲڲĻ飬˼һҪ߶ӡλǶԶǰʱ乤ܽᣬǶԽҪչȫʡ鹤ĶԱͲã޲ʱҪģ˭á
޹ĻԺһ׸ͷǡ
޹״⣬˵¾һ׸ЭʲôʲôѵĻֱһ㱨
쵼Ѿѻ˵ˣҪûһʾǿе˵ȥˡһվ޹˵޲ģһ׸һŬܽ׼ãʲô֮쵼ָ
׸һĻԺҲæ˵ͷϣȻ޹Ĺϵܺã˼һһ֣ܽĸ˵ģҪ̬ģûʲôˡ
޹˵ıԺ󣬵˵ͷǻȥˡ֮һ֪ͨһ׸칫Ϊ¶ԣҲǳҪζ鹤Ǹɲģֹܵģȡ˳ɼȻҲԸںմ⡣ڱܽᣬǷǳӵģϣУʲô۶ӣĻǿ͵ʴˡ
һ׸޹İ칫ҳʱɺ͸ղŵıִྶͥվں׸˵׸ɹæˣˣʲôҪģֻҪкһֵܾԲ
޹ɵıԺ룬ԷҲ̫Сһ㡣һ۾ܿô˵ĿģֻΪҫ֪޹ǹĿģ̧ԼݡЩСƵĶһʹǿе̫Сˡ
Ȼ׸ϣһߵɵĸǰЦǺǵ˵飬ǲԱһãɵҵĵˡ
⻰Ժ󣬺ǲˬԱã׸߹ʱæ˵׸ߣҵİ칫ȥй޺ò裬һ𳢳
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׸һĻٿ֮ɣһе㲻֪δ֪ǽϾˣ˷ͷΪһڹٳϻ켣֣۾һգ뵽˶Բߡ
ЦŶ˵飬лʢ飬ǹʱ䣬ղ޲ָղҲ֪ˡҲ뿴ϸðɣǺǣǺòҶţæ£һ׼
˵꣬καʾ̧һĺ棬Ѹ뿪޹İ칫ҡ
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һߵԼ칫ſڵʱͣ˽ŲԸں׸˵׸ȸ˼һ£ܽ᾿ô㣬ϰʱһȻٿᣬ㿴ô
Уû׸˵
׸ϵЭһܽĳﱸ˵ˣΣ׸û̫ĹϵȻĻûҪ滨̫ʱ;ˣ̬ѾˣʲôҪģʱ¾ˡ
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緹Ժһص칫ڤ˼룬һֱٽϰʱ򣬻һһ׸Ľ飬ûʲôԽ֮
һʧǣϰԺ׸İ칫Ժ˱㿪ʼܽ飬Է˵ĶһЩйоصĲ裬ûҪǰһķ
һԺһй֪ͨӿᡣȥԺ׸ûлذ칫ңֱˡԷıһú֣òôʱˣ⻹ǵһΡ
һвؽţıٿһۻᣬǱ˹ûᡣһڲù֮ʱ۾⿴׸һֱͷڱʼǱдʲôźȲĻᣬһԷȻ˾¼⵹еĿ࿴֮С
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׸ⷬ˵Ժ󣬲Ҫ˵һ˶úǲ죬⻹֮ǰǸ׸𣿱˵ҲˣΪǿɵۣλ쵽׳һѵ׼ʾˣԺԼôأ뵽ԺΪɥ޲ָ̧Լͣ׼ͶСӻһǰͳʹǳԱ˳ŵġ


߰ʮ ж
°֮ǰһһƵ룬ֱӿ˼ҡԴӶȥӦٳԺһ׸ֻͱ÷ǳæµرٽʱ
ЩĿĺڣһ׸ﶼƵģǶѡزμһ֡ȲڵˣҲԱʱ˭Ҫ뵽ʡɲжСλ鳤ԶٷҲһӵ飬ͬŶ߿һۡ
Сſڼ򵥵ضԸһԺһ˼ңһ裬ɳԺ߿ӣ߿յȣ칫пյҲпյ³Ժ߻ؼҵ·ϿûпյˣȻֻмԶ˾ȵܲˡ
յϰϰ磬һͷɳϱ۾Ŭ˼ԲߣҪĻ鿪ƽʵ˾евʡ˼ãһóһ֧ϣ˵ڿյ̺ܲʣҲ˲ôˣһ˳ԱȫҲҲҪĶ̵⡣
̵֪ãͻһֻͷͻȻƵģһ⡣ĹĻôڵˣгһʡһڣǾòλԶĹ⣬Ȼ˻ش
һĻһĻڣһԸõλ쵼ͬչʾͬ־ڹеͣ˵һá
⣬һǺ⣬ܷճΣ˵˲㣬õõ޹׿ϡ¶һҪͨԼŬ˵ԷʵڲеĻɷ뷨Ȼ¬һôһ͹ȥܵĻǽĳɳǳ
¸㶨ԺһһҪ顣æ绰һȥͨԺŵ绰˵Ҳܺһȥˣе㹤ϵ飬ʵѲ㿴
绰ͷ˵ϴ󣬾ôС£ܵȵٴ绰ѽôϲҹɧűˣ㲻ģ
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⻰Ժæ˵𣬱û˵ɣȥУһжźˣ㴦깤ϵ飬㿴ΣǶԵֵ˰ɣ
һ󣬳һ˵УҺĻ糿׼ʱڶվңÿˣ˻
Уû⣬ʱȥվȲ˵ڿԸʲôҪϢ˰ɣ
ŶȻԡһǿЦ˵Ͽ˹ʮԺǷһҪнƣ벻пĵɶ㶮ģ
⻰Ժ󣬱Ӷˣֻ˻ߵһ쵰ȥ

ڶһϰԺһȥ޹㱨뷨ľһֱɵĴڣֱŽ޹İ칫ҡ
Ȼһʱǵӣǵ޹İ칫Ժȴ͵վѶŰ壬̸ʲôһǺ޹İ칫ҵģôòƻǴϽΡͷһء
ɾǱ۾ҲףԷһʲôˣԷܻı֡ע⵽һȥԺŲûйʵҲæèӲ
һ뷨˵Ժ޹û̬Ǳ۾ͷα˼һ״̬ﰲ˲٣ԷֻҪ濼£ʮа˾žͳˡһ飬ʸڷ񶨣ǾͲðˡ
һȫ޹£Դϴζ鷽˴޿Ժһֱһֲ˵ζ±ȡ˲ĳɼǱϾĹϵܽԷһӡһɻΪܽʲôɾܾˡ
޹ı̬ԺһķŻص˶Ȼ뵽ԷӦûͬǲû뵽ȻӦˬ죬е֮⡣ͨϸڣѸܵ޹εĻҲǺĵģһĻһԣͺðˡ
һص칫Ժֻƿеһ𣬰һͨҪһʱ䣬ڱϸһ飬ʱڻ쵼㱨˾Ҫ󣬱ҪҪⲻŪ١졣
һ춼æ飬᳡áԱ֮ȫȥ졣Щ˶û׼׵ϻûȥӰ࣬ͻɯɯˡ
ڶߵչһ˰칫ңΪ㹻ˣ˭֪÷˶Ѿˣڿ׼õĸӣ㻥ģͶ롣׸٣ʱҲûߵأ
һһĻļˣȲܽῪΣٴҶԴݾڴġ˵ͷˣʶ̬ȣôܸɲùأ
ܽŵ뿪ʼһӰ˵Ϳʼæµ쵼ǣһһһ顣Ȼֻһ̬ȴǱزٵģҪȻп˿ʵĻỹûпأɾͳˡ
޿Ķϯ̨мʱ򣬻ʽʼˡ޹֣ܽᰴͰؽУλ鳤һ׸Եʱ򣬼λ쵼ûǺģʱʱػڱ¼


߰ʮ ֳ
ǽԺ󣬴޿ܽԷԣȻе㳤ûǺ棬Ͼʡί֯һֵĵλǳȻģ˭ҲС
ϰķԽԺ󣬴ҶΪλҲͽˣĹɶˡ
޹˴ҵ˼æŻͲ˵԰꣬λ黹һڡֳʣͬ־ʡɲжĹְ𻹲ǺϣͨһڣôҶڶĹиΪȫ˽⡣쵼ͬ־ʲôʵĻֳʣͬ־һһΪҽ𡣡
޹Ȼ٩٩̸۾ȴʼնڴ޿ĵϣԷ΢΢һԺ󣬾Ȥһϲæ˵Ҳ£ϣһʡ
޹һףڳ˶ú⣬޿Ĳû飬ǴҶĬˡһЩʼͷ׼һʡһ׸ǰţҲ˻ش׼
ݵĳĬԺ˾֣һʴʼˡʼļ߹˼˻ش룬ҵҲθڣشԽӾʣֳЧҲԽԽá
޿Ŀ󣬺⣬ӣ¬޹ʵʽ˭뷨дѽ
޹⻰Ժֿ˻Ȼ˵⣬»ԱҴԺϴǲˬ뵽ԺûҪֳֺõ飬Ц˵ͬ־⣬һҽʱҾⲻǾһˡ㿴ʲôҪĽĵط´ٸʱҲиĿꡣ
ǺǣûʲôĽĽģҾֻԭ֭ԭζĿŲ˼һʲôѵŵģǾû˼ˣ粻㡣¬˵ǰɣ޿΢Ц˵
¬æ˵ָʾûֳʴǰ׼ĻǿɾʧȥˣǺϷʲôģҲûˡ
޹˴޿ĺ¬ĻԺ󣬺޲øԼһͣĳǷ˵û˰㵱ưˣɵơ
޹ѵʱֳҲͻ䡣ʵöѾˣҲĿ⿴ˣ˼ˣٸȥĻҲûʲôˡźǣ޹˿֮Уôҵ˼ڲˣۿնģ֪ʲô
¬е㿴ȥˣ˶Էֻۣɮ붨һ㣬֪ʲô룬㵹ɢѽʽȻҲҪעþѽôȥҲһ顣ԷܽˣȻǳ񸱲˿ҲԽ޴ңĻҪڸġ
¬޹£׼ˣͻȻһϯ̨·ܴشڳÿ˵Ķ֪ǲǿ촦һ˽һ⣿
޹¬һƣٱһ𣬳ѹˣȷ˵ߵԺ󣬶ӶҪˣĳʲôʱֵ˵ˣɵơŴҵ棬Ļ޹ȻڣǴ˵Ƕ鹤ܽᣬʲôʱֵʲô˽⣬Ҹ״˵⻰Ժݺݵصɵһۣ˼Ҫٺˡ
¬״Ժ󣬽ӿ˵С˵ǲͬ־ûˣ˵ղҲ˵ˣֻһԶԽΪ˽һ⣬촦ǲģһ˵ǰɣ
һոɵǻԺҲе㱻Էסˣĳϣôܰ˽ó˵أǲǳȻԷʲô⣬ûʲô˽£ǻó˵ġ
ӦԺΨһһ˵飬Ǻ̸֮֮顣ڿ˼˸ƺƳɶûз֣е㲻СӾȻ֪ϢĻҲǻˡ
һȻ⻰޹Ѿǰ淢ˣҪٿڵĻȻʣ¬ʱ˻ûʲôˡ
һЦվ˵𾴵Ĵ޲λ쵼ͬǣȻһϣȻҪһ˽һ⣬ֻܹˣϣҲҪ֡
⻰ȥڴкʵȴݺһѡǹϣһȴƫҪʲô˽˻⣬ҪҪֵĻ͹ǻɺûаëǮĹϵͬʱǿֻش˽һĻ⣬漰˽ģȫԾܾشҲԼһ·
һĻ᳡һƬţ˶صͷ䵽Լ޹Σֻ̧޿Ŀȥ˼Է
޿ļ״Ц˵ȻһԸشǾ²ΪǶܽᣬ˵ǰɣ
޹⻰Ժ󣬺亹ֱð˵ǡݺݵصһۣﰵӿɸСӺˣ֪ͲɧˣĶô飬Ļ
޹޿ĵĻԺԹȴֿ˻˾ҲǷǳѣʲôϣΪ쵼飬ˣҪȻҲȵн֮ʱ˵֮ǰһ
Ҳʹ˰֣һ뵽һ֮ǰӶʵʲԶԷ˵ǳҪʱ̣úõضһܳͷһڶ
վЦǺǵ˵ȸлλ쵼ʵĻᣬҲл촦ߴͽ̵ֵ˺úѧϰѽ˵⻰Ժֱ̨ϵ쵼һ˵ͷʾĹ֮⡣


߰ʮ 鷳
ɵⷬȻ˵úܵҲܵλȴûκһ˶һĺøУΪĹĹٳкܶҹϵĹ򡣱μӵĶ˲쵼⣬Ǹҵһ֣Ҳ˵ܲμļ͵ҲӦǸһʵְġ
ɳէƼǣҪΪ޹һݣҵʸûСڼȻˣúҲˣʲôʱֵСɫˣǲ֪ߵغ񡣶ˣڳȻܻʲôӡ󣬸˵͡ˡ
һ˿ΣԼλ棬Ƥţɮ붨һ㡣СһҲûϣǴ޿ĵ̬ȡ˵ĳϣݾȻ˹ֵҪΪһֵĴ޿ӦֱӲŶԣȴ˶Է˵Ļᣬ˲Ҫһˡ
˵Ժ΢΢һ˵촦Ǹղ˵ڱĹЩϸرˣֱӾһʤҲС
ݽϲ֮ʣһ˵飬˵£ûҪڱĹ޲͸λ쵼Ӧ۵ģͲ鷳ˡ
һĻԺ󣬸λǲɵ÷һڨЦ֮ǶЩ쵼ҲʹΪһŵͷͷ쵼ָֻŵҲͰˣܶʱЩСҲżëʵ˾ǿ벻̡һͷɸȻԼսţһñ߹Ļûʲôġ
һĻԺɵ죬ȴ޿κΡղŵǻȷʵ⣬ԷץסˣҪĻȻǲܵġεжҲıԶݵĻԺ
һ˿΢ЦԺɼ˵λ쵼촦ղǻҵһƬ֮⣬ȻĻҾֱ˵еʣҲǴ󲿷е󣬽Ҿһ촦ɡ
һɵ⻰Ժ󣬲һݷ֮⡣֮ǰһ˳ֵ׼ҪȻղżЩԺ󣬲ܻ˼άʱķ
뵽Ժɵ˵ʲô⵫ֱԣ˵ǲǴҵ˵˿ɲ㣬Ȼû׼飬ҿ˵Ϊ
ɼƵһ˵ֱԷ͸ˣֲôȥˣԿһ
һһۣЦ˵촦Ҿ͹ˡ˵촦һͬѧڱ֯ǰɣһ˵Ϊһ̳˵飬֪촦ܾܲǴܡλ쵼ԺͬѧʹЩʱҲǰ촦᲻ɣ
˵ʱɻһƳһۣ˼㲻һֱ˵а˵ˣһѽ
Ϊʲôʳһ黹ôǰ˵Դϴ˵̵飬ͺЮ֡޹ǰݺݱһ٣ɾһֱڻ෽ڻŪô¡ΪʲôһԺǷԭˡ
һĪչ֮ʣȴһϢ
磬ϰ࣬׼ȥ׸İ칫ҿԷǲҪݲʲôġְƿһʱͻȻԷڴ绰˻ͷģ͵쵼ĵ绰Ĵɣ̲ס֮ģǱѶȥ
˵ʲôûգǸһʲôͬѧùȥˣȻװ˵͸ˡⲻǳĶɺϵ飬ҿʮа˾Ǹͬѧסɣȥúòһ飬һϢĻʱһ㱨޹ڰ칫С˵
޹绰Сɻǻˡ⻰Ժɵ֪֪ôԸһأ벻ֳɵĵҩ͹ˡȻ޹ڵ绰沢ûָգ˵ûκѶȣ֮ǰѾһ̵顣
Ϊ˷ֹ޹͵»صԼİ칫ң˼Ժ󣬲¹ȥԷ̡޹ɽ۾û̧һ£ŸǰǷļɼŷ˵ղ͵飬Է޲֪
¹һ޹İ칫ңȴҲûⷽϢơ
һʱһϰ࣬޹ǾͶһۣһ豭վſ͵˵Ҫб˾ԽͲʲôιȥĻû˻ɡ
һڿܽʱ򣬸ôһڵʱͶԽܽᣬǶԶ֮ǰܽᣬҲǶԼеȫʡһԱԶһ˵ⶼһǳҪĻ飬ʧ
öԷسĻȫʡĶӦþûʲôˡһĻһճˣƿȻܽ飬Ϊ޹飬ƾʲôͲܽŵʱֻҪҪý㴵߷磬Ӧòʲô¡
ϻؼңһֱʮ㶼û˯ţڴϷȥ˼ŶԲߣǾ֡Ȼ޹ȥԺյĽʲôһԿ϶һһ˵ĹϵһĻͿ涯Խˡ
ٽʱֻҪ˵һףһܰ½ҵͷҲٵµʡ˵Ӭ޷ĵ˵ľô


߰ʮ һͷ
˵һҪ̸ףֻܲһ֮ǰɣҪ˶ʵĻҲô׵飬ͬѧѾӦмί˴ȥˡյ뷨һʺҲʺ
˭֪һ׳ûΪѵһȰԼݽȥˣѵľȻϰ塪޹˼ȥԵһǳҪĻڣǾݡֻһС飬ĳϣ˵˵ȨûУ˵ȥΪ˭ˡ
Ϊ͵ʴ֮ʣһȴ˵Ըش⣬ϰȻҲͷʾͬ⣬ɲɽˮ·һ֮Сò׵õĻᣬȻ׷ܵһĳЦ֮֮ǰõ⣬һ˵˳
һ˶Է⣬ûֳ֪û˻ıҵһЩֲۣ͡»ȻҲǵ֮⣬Ͼֻһ˾ݱȽϵͣ˵ĻӰ޵úܡ죬ȻһڳĻᣬһ߹ȥһлĳ嶯
Ҫ֪һ˿̵뷨ǻѪƣðոľٶ벻εȴ˶ԷһæǰʯͷԼĽţԿ
һվ΢ЦɨȫһۣȻ˵ղ˵ȷʵڱȽ˽˵Ļ⣬Ҫһ˸ȤĻһܾش𣬵ղ˵Ҷܹ⣬ҾΪͰɣ
һ˵ǰʱһΪԷ˵ܾشģֵһ˼ˣԷ˵ҶܹģԸ͡һĻɵŶ
һĻ˵л촦ӣһһ䣬Щ鲻ǹƾ˵еģܸһ㿴üŵĶĸλ쵼ŷ
˵⻰ʱȫһԵõӣһζóпüŵĶġһĻԷɾ뱻ˣԸô˵ˣȻġ
ɵĻԺ޹޲վ߹ȥԷһš²ΪֳϺǾ̫ûͷˡ˵ʵ޹ɸһǳ֧̬ȵģȻⷽʽȡĿĵû
ɾȻ˵һ޹ֻ˵ԷһͷһͷˣûиˣվԷа壬ǲѰ
̵飬һѾṩʵʵڵ֤ݣ֤¼֤ǸͬѧҲѾϣȷʵˣһûаϵ£˵£ǲǳԱ˳ŵ
޹ǸŮ˺ݺʺ˼飬Ծòޣһ䣬ʱ¬ͻȻͷת˹޹һæעһǿȥװղֺϵҲûС
һ˿ЦؿɣһԺſ˵飬Ѿ˵ˣֻ֪Ļһشģǽ͸ġ˵ʲôüŵĶͲˣҼȻˣһһġ
⻰ԺܲζԷѾǸӵˣֱӴˣڶԷҲӦҲоЩο
һ˿Ѿû˼עɵ뷨ˣŸղŵĻ˵ľģڱʱһ죬ҵĴѧͬѧҲǸղᵽڱ֯λ绰˵ҪҳԶٷⱾһκͬѧۣǵҴ˾СȥԺ󣬼˱Ƹɺͳұ㡭
һžͰڱ˼ҷ飬Ҫ˵һ飬ǹ̵ȥȴ˵÷ǳ塣
һĻеɵˣû뵽Ȼôһ£ҿԷղ˵̬ȣӦòѡȻپȥûʲôˣҲϹԹԾͷһһۣŲ˵촦ˡֱԣղ˵Щֻһ֮ԣҪôŵĻǲǻеʵڵĶ˵ǰɣ
Ǻǣ飬ѽҪĶˡһЦ˵Ҹղ˵˾С£»һȥģΪ֤Ȼ˵˵ģ˼ҴͷĶüٵġҪǸȤĻҼλ쵼һ¡ǺǣҵĻش͵ˣվţҵȳԲˣͲˡ
һ˵ԺһƨΧɵĳ֮Ц
ɴ˿ƨƵģͰ͵˵㡭˵ġҡô֪ǲġӦá
ˣʲôʱ˵ķˡ޹˪ŭĿԲȵ
ɿϰŭˣĶ˵֣æԴȥôҲ㲻ףԼ˺ܳʱƳĶô˹ؼʱ̾һôҲûأ
޹˿ֻϻģ鶪ˣϰģȻҲй⡣ΪǻһѣָʹأĻԩˡ
ݲ˵Ժ޹ˡ¬ͻȻ޹˵һҪ飬æ˵ζԵ㹤ܳɹ潫ʮʮտʼȫʡΧڵСظɲΪʮµĶ鹤ʱϣͬ־Ǽﲻ¿ࡢ۵ľ񣬰ãͬ־ҲҪϹһʱڣǲһص㹤һҪȫԸá


߰ʮ Уһ
ص칫ңһڲ裬޹վ޿ĵİ칫ȥˡܽᣬһŤתڶԷĿеģһ㣬ֻǱ䱾ˣڵһʱϹȥԷ͡
һڵ˸еĺͣԼȥģĻٶȿԿ㣬ǿǵȫ⣬Ƿˡƣ򲻴˵Ӧþ
΢˫ۣҲĹƣһ˼صٽ°֮ʣȥ޹ٵ龰¥ɾͿˣǰΣǼװֱֽȥһ״ҡҡͷֱ޹İ칫ȥ
ϴɵһһҲûѶԷϡ˵䲻ĻҪСɫʰˣ̸ʲôٳ﷫;ݺᣬ˵ñŷԼ޷Լ
޹İ칫Ժ󣬶Էıһú⡣˵ղڿʱݺ˶Էӣܸʾɡ벻޹ȻֵÿͿģһ˵һҪ٣һھʹӦʲôû˵
ʱһıԺе㲻ˡԷرĻûʲôõĵģ˵ƴȥҲûʲô⡣ڶԷôһеûˡ
Ҫ˵ղŵ·Ժ޹һҲûУһǾԲŵġ˵򹷻ÿ˵أɿ飬ղűһ˸ǰݺݵشһǵ档Ϊ̨ϰ壬޹ôһ뷨Ҳûأ
˿̣Էıֻ֣˵̲һľû׵ĵط˵͵ǣ޹Ҫֱӽа壬һ⣬ղɹҲ꣬󷴶Բ˵ĴڶԷı֣е㲻
һڴͳϣͷ˼޹̬⣬ҲĲµһ顣ԷϾǸ쵼ҪǳҪΪĻҲһġ
ԺһûʲôͷҲͲȥˡڳϺ˼룬һһʱ˵
˽£Էڶʱ֮ǲʲôģ򣬱˺뵽޹ԽıжĻǴĲȻⲻǶʱ֮ھͻᷢ飬ȫʱһߡ
Сʱңͳʻ˷һϹԺڳһ̡֧ƵУǰֳŷӣôû֪ԷûСϡһСкӰݲһ֪Ķӡ
ֱʱһûд绰ФޣҲ˵ڶ֪ŷٵڲڶǲ绰ǲҴ´绰Ժ󣬵֪ԷڶУĻ治֪ôˡ
Ļһݻ롪ǰԶĹУŮ˺Ͷӡǰеĵ·Уһ˶ڴѾˣΣҲҪȵԺٽԼѡ
ϳԺһѣе˸ͷαϣ۾һṦ򣬾ȻԺ˯˹ȥ
һ۵ʱѾٽˣæͳֻһ绰˵һҪˣǿģæ˵ǻڶվĳվǵȵġһæ˸л
Ҷϵ绰Ժһû˯˼۾⡣ǰҪ¸ˣȻҪˡȻûжԶˣҪվĻ뻹ҪʮҡԺ󣬴ͳٶȾϲȥˣźŵһһʱʱҪͣ³ʲôģǿɾ͸鷳ˡ
ͳ¸Ժ·ϵĳʱʱкǰһ¥ҲˡˣһеĿϾ֮Сǰʻ˴Լʮң˾ؽˣٶȸˣ׾һͨźŵƣҶǺƣÿһҪȰ죬ó˿Ʋѡ˾Ǽֲ֣ĵصȴš
һӳʱѾˣһ·ȻСʱùͷɢˡյվڣͿҶϪվǶģǲʼįȻҶϪˡ
һ룬״ָ̬ʲô飿Ķǿ˲ŵģֱǹȼٵġ֮Ҫ绰ĻӦûڴæµŰɣ
뵽Ժһ¶һ˿ЦݣȻվŵλ˹ȥ
һվʱŷӦæǿҶϪֱ۵֡ҶϪҲߺ죬ͷվһߡһֱ˵ı֣Ժ󣬾͸棬վȥ
ϳԺҶϪԹϣһ򲻿˸ʻλϡ߿ߺһ죬쵽˶Ժһһ򵥵Ľܡ
ĳϣһһθо˶еķ⳵ʻٶȼֱţˣסľƵ복վ̫ԶСʱ͵ˡ³֮ʣݸһһŷڽվ֮ǰѾѷ俪ˡ
һֻһ˷Ժ󣬳һ裬һȥԷˡһǣֻһ˳ģûмҶϪһĿ⣬Ц˵мͬѧߣ绰ȥԷˣǸúġ
˶ԷĻԺһɵð˵ͷֻҪ˲Ҫɽ
˾ͽһķݣҪ˼Сˣ߱


߰ʮ У
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һĻԺһ˵Ҳֲǣ˼ǿ˾ȻӦĹƶȡˣûдǸܲʲôʱɺĲѽ
Ȼóһе˼æ˵ϵܣͷİɣѾˣǸܲ͹ˣҲֱӹѽ֪ǸæˣǺǣ
˶Է⻰һе㲻˼ղŵǻϸһãȷʵеֶԷ˼Ʊ˵磬ӦöҸղǻû˼ֵһ
˵Ժһﲱӣȸ˱оƣѱ׳ŶԷ
Ҳ˺˾ƣȻ«ưҲһƱ
ѱӷԺ˵һȥһ£λܲþʲôʱҪܸ㵽ĺͺˡʱȥӭһ£ĻʲôҪĻҲ˼ܾ˵ǰɣ
һ󣬵˵ͷ˵⻹ǲöԷŴһΪܲõ²ŷ٣Ļв֮ء뻹ˣܼˡ
극Ժһ˶еĺ̲֯ƻԻ͡ŲԶĶһһ֮УӦĴСﴩ󣬽ȴѾվ˻Ĺе޺˸Ǳȥһǵģʵ̫ˣ뻹Ƿˡ
һǰһĻɵԺﹴŷٴŶӵ龰Ҫݹһ֧»õá
ûʲô°ɣҿһصӡԺ󣬿һʵ
һʻԺһʶԼıȷʵе㷴ˣѾˡԷȻֵܣŷٵȴΪԷҲһ棬ݾЩڶ棻һ棬ÿ£ľͻʹܲᣬᡣ
һͳžһΪԼϻһڣȻŻشû£ֻһˣǺǣ
ԷԸ˵Ҳû׷ȥˡһ֮ˣһ֮ĹϵԷȻԸ˵Ļһв˵ɣɳʵ׵ĻǾû˼ˡ
˳Ժ󣬱ϳ뿪˺̲ķ羰ȻүйĻȷʵе㲻סǻĹĶУǵʶҲȽϳǰҪǱΪǶϱģǿɾͲˡ
صԺһþ޷ƽղʧȻʲôҲû˵һ֮ʱҲ޷ˡڵɫƤɳϣۿն޹⣬ƽƽֱǰѩ׵ǽڣ·ǶװһԤ֪δħһ㡣
СʱԺһĶûκα仯֮ǰΨһͬǣɫʯ輸ϵ̻ҸͷѬ۾Ҫʱ߽һķĻһӦǲŻˣҪҪ119
ҹһעߵġȻϴԺֱ˴ˣȴȥôҲ˯šҲ֪˶ãһߵֻʱѾ賿һˣ˿̣ȴȻ˯ȫޡ
ڶһ磬һ۾ʱ㻹ûеΪ˯ó٣һһһ˯һġ˭֪һ䣬»صԺֺ˯ˡְ˰СʱԺһʵܲסˣǱ𴲣ϴһԺ󣬱Ƶȥˡ
ʱһҶϪ§˯㣬ȻȥţǾȥߡ
˾Ƶ꣬һһ䣬߽һľСڶУȻչǰĶǸ¥ãҪĵĻͻᷢŪǲٵģ߽ȥĻǱһܵġ
һǰСطǰȻһС԰Ʊ֡һ߽С԰˵԰ȺľһߣΧһŲӸǰֽơ
һһʯ糿ǰЩͷ׵ˣɵ˳˼ʮԺһҲյһ㣬һ裬֪һƧá˵ƽƽ棬˭Ҳɷ򣬸ȡģŬģҪƴһƴһģȵ֮ʱ֮ʱֻһ̾Ϣˡ
һԺһʶذ´е̣ɵλײĴүԺ´˻ȥ˾Ҫȵһʧȥ߼ʧȥʱ򣬲Żᱶϧǽ֮һȥĶ
һߡҲ֪˶ã㶵ֻͻȻ糿öһӴԶеͷ̫ǣĿͶһҶ񿴹һʱһ㶼ڴϲŶԣСôǻһأ
һæߵһȥ˽ԭȥû˿Ϊһ˯ñȽǴ绰俪š
֪һȻأݺݱһϵģо˯Ϲʲôѽһֱӵ¥ĲҶϪȹȥˡ
һ뵽һ緹ҲŤ˵ˣһٻȥеһ˼Ҳûǿֻһ극Ժ󣬵ķһ£кϢҪ߶ԷһһҶ˵绰


߰ʮһ У
һڳС԰ŵʱ򣬿һСꡣ˶ϲ꣬ʵϴҲв֮ǾԽϸߡһֻҪһͨ˿棬ȻҪʮ֮ࡣ۸񣬹ҲֻڶϷļвŻ֡
˿ļ۸񲻵ͣζҲһѡһ棬ʹӦҲͼǮˣҪںĻǸ̸ˡ
صԺһ׼ȴ绰ģҶϪʲôϷҪðȻȥǿɾͲˡתһ룬ղŶԷڵ绰˵ˣԺȥ
һţһԺŴˣһ֮ǣҶϪڷ档ⱾǱ˵飬Ҳûжʡ
һԺæһܵĶȥˣһͨңѲɡ
һԷı飬Ц˵ʲôأ˶һ´峿ΣԲŵȥתתôżңǲǱϢˣ
һ˵£Ҳ˸ղŵЦ֮ɫһ˵ѽղҶϪͬѧ绰˵ǹ˾ܲʱ͵ˣżҪһ£ô졣
ҶϪͬѧһһãȻؿ
һʻԺ󣬵˵ΪҴɽˮѽٺ٣һֶ˹˾棬ְλǳؼǸܲõ飬ҵϢɶǱߡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ҶϪĿģӦǾϻ̲顣˶Էһۣ˵̣
󣬲ŭ֣Ц˵˵ûĶо̲ӵģĶȥ׬Ǯѽ
һŶԷһۣ͵ص˵ͷȴܲΪȻΪԼŮͷ¶棬ǿ治Ը񣬵ȥҲܶ˵ʲô
ûдǸܲõʲôʱܲһֱڻɣһʵղŵĻ⣬ǹ˿ȥ
ͳݸһһ֧Ȼ˵ʵʱ֪ѾҶϪȥˣҪ˶ãͻϢˣʱһ¾ô졣
ʲôģԺǾֱӹȥȻԷ˵ǵˡһΪȻ˵
һ˵⻰ȥмϣиǰᣬʶΪֶ˹˾ܲþŷ١ĻʲôҪעأȷʵֱֻ߹ȥˡ
ΪȻؿһһۣЦ˵ǲǻ׼öԷԺֱӭ˵촦ãʲôҪֻһ㶨ġ֮ѽֻҪһվһж㶨ˣ
һ⻰Ժһ㶣漴˶Է˼Լղǻ˵ȷʵеˣЦ˵ǺǣЩûʲô飬˵ôôɣû
⻰Ժһ˵Ǻ˼ƽһӹȥкȷʵȽͻأҲûа취İ취ôĹ˾ܲǳէ϶һѵҪȥͰȵпռǵʱҪȵʮ쿪ˡ
˵Щûõĸ˵һǼԷʱ򣬾ô졣һ׵
⻰Ժε˵ƺղ˵Ҳûõİ취ˣҾ뻹׼һʻֳܱǵĳ⣬˵ֲЦˣ㱻ǰ·أе㲻ˬϲֳܱҲʧܲõݡ
һĻԺ󣬲ص˵ͷԷȷʵмֵҲĻʵǲŷ٣˼Ȼ˶ͲֻܿȥĻϸЦ
һԺҶϪ˵绰˵ѾˣǸܲõķɻԼʮҽڶһöԷȻˣ˵ȥ졣ҶϪӦһҶ˵绰
ʮһҾͳ緹ˣȻǰҶϪ˵ֶ˹˾˶ܲþǺҲֻ˵ʱӻʱ򣬾Ӿˡ
ҲһӣǱһˡĻе̫ˣֶ˹˾˵ķУ²һ£ȷʵô£Ǳ뷨
ĹһģӦľýҪһΣͷʳǻֱ֮ˡһ˿̸Ļͨͨͣƺдǻĸо˼ۿ񳯾Բĸܣֻ˲ᵽ
ʮʮңֶ˹ҲˣһŮеǸŮҶϪ֣λһͬѧˡ˵ѷһεõӦ顣
㲥洫׹777ͿͻϢʱӻڵ˶ʼæµҷ׷װϵӾһʱ䣬һǰдŸԵĽӻƣҲһ˵˶еĹʴеĵλ治˵ѽ
ֹʮң½˳ˣһֻȸղּӿ࣬Ķ˺Ľ״ҶϪ˿̵עڳվڵλãûһһһôתۼ䣬ԷͺһƵġ
ֶ˹˾Ǹܰ۾ƣȻһߵ˵С£ӾٸһѽǺܲûʶȫˣҪǴˣµĽɾҪˡ


߰ʮ Уģ
ΪСµǸŮҶϪͬѧ⻰ԺţϵĻӭϾٸһءһĻ۾вŲˣҲǰ̽ȥĹ״ӭȥ
һ˿̵עȫŮ˿͵ϣ겻ŷˣе㵣ĶʶɾĻ쵰ˡ
ͻȻһǰһϤӰģһϮɫȹڰɫӳԵóˡһ˿й֮УŮ̫ϤˣϤ۾ŵõϵζ˿̾Ȼʵʵسǰβأ
һһеǰȥע˿ֶ˹˾˵ϣֻͨǣܷ˭ǻܲáͻȻоǰһһ͵һӴ˳ȥҪȥץʱѾˣԷѾֱڴȥˡ
һŷٵǰ浽˳ڴϹŵ΢ЦȴŶԷĵ
ŷٴ˿̧Ѱֶ˹˾ˣܲǱҪǰϷģܾˡٵʶߵˣҲʶֻܿѰӭˡ
ŷһѻӭҵֶ˹˾ӣȫͨдŻӭܲõݸߵһΪ׹ˣԲŻôȥɡͷк˶һ䣬棬ǵ˵ˡӺܹԣץŷٵ֣ظߡ
Ȼ׹üˣŷһֱûĹķʽӣԴϿ׹ӵŷټţ׹ֻʱģܹ黹ҪȥģǶкӵүү̡⹫ţǣƵ
ⲻܹ˾ǱһϢҪг򱨸ҪˡĻҪһ㣬ܹ˾ǱѡһԱһȥģһȥ͵
׼ճ̰Ÿٻģ뻹ûôȥֻ֪Ҫ߶ԷФһȥǸˡΣǲǻǣЩһ֪ŷٵеûףԲžȻصĹԺ󿴿˵
ŷ䣬ǣŶӣڴȥѾܹ幫˾ˣ̧ŶԷȻǰȥֶ˹˾һŮоλźӵŮʿǵ֮ܲʱҲ첽˹
ŷٺ⣬˵ͷ۾˳վڣͻȻסˡ˭ôô죬ѵԼۻˣôأٻ֮ǰ˵Ĺб䶯ˣȥӦɲǶѽ
ΪȷԼûпŷժ۾ϵīǰȥǸǣƵˣԷȻͿһ΢Цؿأ
ŷٶʱʯˣֱԼ۾ôأû֪ٻ÷֪ĸĸ߶ϣֻ˵Ҫȥǡ˵˾ҲˣҪ֪ĻǽӻһûˡȻû֪ǰһĻָνأѵδ֪֮ܡ
ֱߴ֮ŷʶԼʧ̬æקһѣǰȥһ״Ҳӭŷ֣Цӯӯ˵٣ڻˣûߣǻؼˡ
ŷ⻰Ժ۶ʱʪˣһãȻؿǰλİ壬֪ʲô顣̧ͷҪ޵ʱСһﲻˣһŭĿԲгȥ˼
ŷٻûüڣ˾һŮѾӭΪͷ۾˵ŮʿǴ׹ֶ˹˾ܲ𣿡
⻰Ժŷæ𼤶֮飬Ϲŵ΢Ц۾˵ܰɣŷ٣ʱ鷳ˣλǣ
Ϊܵ۾⻰Ժæذλŷ˽ܡŷȥһһ֣ᣬȫһ쵼֮е̬
ʱҲ˹ˣҶϪһʻں档һ״һץʻ˫ţһ΢Ц˵ŷܲã͸ģϣϲ
ᵱֶ˹˾˵棬һȻٳƺԷΪ٣ǻһȽʽĳν
ŷٽӹʻĵ˵лл
˵⻰Ժתʻݵվ۾ߵǸŮϣȻ߰ӵ˵ݸһˣ߿˵ܣһѣеҪһ£ҰѶ͵ƵȥȻᵽ˾ȥʲô飬ǵʱ˵
۾⻰Ժһ˵֮ǰǾ˻ӭʽܲҪǲȥĻǲǰ״ˡвʵ˵ŷܲã˾˵ˣܹ裬ǲȻع˾һ£ȻȥλѣȻֻҵĽ飬ģ
ˣܣ⣬ˡŷɨ˶Էһۣ˵Ҹղ˵ȥɣ飬ȥ˾˵
˵Ժŷٱ㲻۾УֱӰתһߡ۾⻰Ժ󣬺亹ֱðﰵ˼ܲ˵ô죬ȥˣʲôʱֵ˼ָֻˣǷ
ԭֻʱģθŷһĻʮλܲľӢڽļڶ½ִﶫСܱܲסְܵλ̶ܴȡŷٵ̫ͣڿ˼㻶ӭʽʲôģܲõƨ
ڵƨȻĵȥˡᣬ۾˵һɥվһߣҲſ˵ˡ


߰ʮ У壩
һŷٵĻ֪Ǿ֮أ΢΢֣˵Կף
Ǹ˾һƾеôˣæ¶ͳԿףݸһ
һӹԿԺתһ΢Цسŷ˵ŷܲ룬鷳ˣ
ŷټ״΢΢ף˵û£˵⻰ԺǣŶӵ֣һĺǰȥ
ڳˣ㿴ңҿ㣬֪ʲô飬ֶ˹˾ˣֱһͷˮӭܲõģȷʵǽӵˣ˼ȴԸߣ˵ֱȥ˾˾ɶĺСͷԡ
һЩ뷨˵ȴܱ¶ŮҶϪͬѧҪһС˵ʲôĻʵǲʱһһŹ֮ᳶҶϪһ£Ҳת뿪˽վ
һ˿̵õ˼㣬е㲻ǰһСӺӾںŵŷ΢ЦʱŸȷһжġ
һһͷŪֻСһʵæʲôأ
ŶֻϷˣҪȥĶŷʵ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ѽ׼ĸȥĶءһ˵Ҫȥɣһûмеĺأһĺ˵𣿡
ŷȻ׶Էе˼һȻڶӵͷ¡̧ͷһһۣʵһôˣ벻ǾȻط꣬㲻Ұɣ
٣˵Կѽһ˵֪һжΪңôܷأҾ˵Ĳʶô֮ˣ
һŷһ˵ʳĻ֪һһֱŲ飬ԲŹɵ˵
һǣҲ˼ŷټ
һֱһĽᣬȻĽǶȳôһжΪһԷҪǲĻǿ湻ܵġҪͣҲδؾܽҲڻعǰһֱԥҪҪϢٻͺ÷ԭڡ
һĻǳ׷ģԷ˵ԼĿУֻһʶô֮ˣļˡ
һ״Ц˵٣Ǻ㿪Цģ׹˶ĬôûܵⷽѬգ
ŷ⻰Ժ󣬲ŷ̧ͷ˶ԷһۣЦ˵ѽѾʮˣ˵ûиͣİѺӸ̻ˡ
һŷ˵ӡ֣һ㣬۵Ѿˣǵһμôģ˵ûУ֮ˡ
ŷٵôȫΪô˵Ҳѡ񣬿ɺûôѡѽӳԺ߾ֻĸףƯȥ磬һпɶǳѽ
뵽Ժһӿһ֮飬ۿˮֻת˵ҡҶԲ𺢡ѽ
ŷںţһϵı飬ԴǻԺܸܵԷ뷨ɵ㲻Ҫ̫ˣûйϵҪ֣͹ҰɣҵΪѡ⼸׹ûǲģ˵Ҳһֵûľ
˴˿Ѿȫˣ̸۵ĻһûпʼµĺӣΪ¶Է֮飬뷽跨ذԼ˵ݼڣ˵̵ܹں
һʶôȥɲһ£˸е״Ⱦģô˵Ȼ֮ǰؿѣ˳ط꣬ҲǲĽתŷһۣЦ˵٣㻹ôƯղôˣһ۾Ͱϳˡ
ŷ⻰Ժûпڣֻ΢΢ЦЦʱһʱ˵ٲƯƯġ˵˲˵ǸղŻϷȴͻȻڷˡ
һæ˵˵öԣƯģ˵پѽǺǣ
СһһͬĹ۵㣬ŵͷϷһŷٶһۣЦҡҡͷСһôСȻѾ֪άԼˣûа
һϤе·ǺĳеҪ·ġԼ˰Сʱһʱ䣬һʹŷٺͶ˴캣̲Ƕĺ̲ƽ˾һǳĸɾرࡣ
һͣóԺ󣬾ʹĸȥ˺ߡ
εĴ󺣣˷ܣ֮顣һ󣬵ͷЦʵҴȥӾô
СһȻĶ̧ͷ˿ŷ٣˼裬ɲԺȥӾ
ŷټ״Цŵ˵ͷȻʧʱʵ𣿡Ӹ׼ҡͷ񶨣ŷæ˵ƬͷƬǲˣ
⻰Ժ̧ͷһȻŷٿ϶ص˵ͷ
ŷټ˶ӵıԺ󣬺ܿģӺһһֱڣûöӺԷһеΪѵ⣬͵һöӽаְֵĻһ⣻ĻԺҪһǸ鷳һֱڵȴһʵĻᡣ
ڶҪȥӾһǡͶãŷظоҲһֱڴŵĻᣬ׼úüһͨѭѭܲöӽһһְ֡


߰ʮ У
һȻŷô˵ĿģһŵؿŶӡĵڴҲ¼ãϾͺ֮ûʲô飬µ͵򲻴֡
ŷٶӣ˵辭˵İְ֣һʹºȥӾˡ
ֻһĺӣ˿ֺȥӾŷ٣ֿһŬŬ죬ɾǽвְ
ŷټ״ż׼ӹĵ㾢һȴȿˣЦ˵٣ҪΪѺӣ˳ȥȻɣ˵ԺֳŶ˵ߣȥӾ
Сһ˵ȲҪ˰ְֿ֣ȥӾˣæϲԽһһŶӵ֣ĵǰȥ
һӾ㡢ӾȦ¼ȥ·ԺһһǣŶӣһӾȦĵȥ
ŷٿĵģҲ̲סЦεҹ˾֮ʱһʱ龰ɽһĻҲûиģʵʵڵķˣ˵޳һû
˵յķֱΪԺط꣬ɴӷֱط֮ʱ⣬ֻ˲еĿɬʲôж꣬ʲô˼֣û˭ˡ
֮ʱ˷ܣһ׼ºʱСһеˡһ״£ӺֻҪڰְֺǰ߾ˡ
ǴʱѾŷһξˣ˵⻰ԷǾԲġ˵ʱȻ٣ղȻ˵˳ȻеǷݿܹ˱ˣȴԼԵرš
Ӷƺûбֳ̬֮ʱһǷĵĸˡǣŶӵ֣ȥӴˮ֮ʱһһĹ£ӦҲͱ÷Сǰˡ
ŷɳ̲ϿһĻ￪ļˡ׹ʱȻںӵĽģܶʱһͥˣǲСýºӾ˵ŶӹȻĹ£տҲˮȥԿ϶˵Բڸһ˳
ŮбүڤڤעģκһӶҪͼȥı䣬Ľֻͽ޹ŷ¶ģҪŶӻعһҪԭ˵ǲǻĳ˵ǣңǿܣΪ˵Ҳ
һŶںãе㺦£һĹ£ſˡⲻٺˣҵʱһ˻һССĴ̼
ܿŸںúܿģŷڽһСʱԺ󣬻кϰˡͶӴ׹ոչ;Ͷ٣һʱ⣬е㵣ĶӵԲ
һ˴źڹ⣬µľǺ廹ʵֻйһθðԵҩͶԸȥˡҪסԺʲôģŷ治֪ӦԣǸոչȥһزģҪ˰æĻƶѡȥֶ˹˾Ժһжһķչ˺ӣⷽĵĲż˲١
һŶӻ·һ»ص˳ϡΣŷûһȥĶҲûнֱͣӿųֱסǼҾƵȥˡһȻɵĸȥסޣڿǵһҾƵſͣȥ÷Ժ󣬲Žŷĸȥ
Ժʼϲġè󡷣һŷһ˵Ļ
ŷһô֪׹ģ˶ԷĽԺǸж֮ǰ׼Ȼع˽һ¶Է״һȽϣк֮С
һûע⵽ŷٵ쳣֣ڴԼжͶءŷٿ˶ԷһۣһЦѸղŵǷκܺõ˹ȥСŮһɵԣ뿪ԺĵεΡ
һӺӦľϸؽŷΨһʡȥͼŮ˵Ĺ£ӣֻδᡣĳϣŷҲϵѡʱ
ŷ˵һ˺ϻ׼Ӧһʱǰ˲˹Ŀ࿴֮УҲǸǶôȷȢ֣ȷѡ۶;ĪİһϯҲӡ֤Ĺ۵㡣
һ˵Ժ󣬵ͷŷ٣ʵ٣˵ô㾿веͨ
Ӧǻʡʡᣬ׼ģȻûκ⣬ǳؼŷ˵һʽ𣻵ڶ˲šʽҪҶͣһģûۺʽ֧ţȻǲеġ⣬ղŽܵģƺûⷽ˲ţɲСǼ˶Уôһûже˹ǻ
һ⻰Ժ󣬾ͰеĿ˵˳
ŷЦ˵Ҷˣԭ׼Ȼǹ˾⣬˲ò࣬ˮɶѽ
һЦ˵Ȼ˲ŵĻȻҼ˲ţҰӻȥǸԼҲ𣿡
ŷݸһЦûж˵ʲôһ˶Էı֣ĵ뷨˵ͻȻ˵裬ĶӺöѽȥԷɣ
һ⻰ԺæͳֻһᾹȻѾˣֻ죬ȻѳԷˡ


߰ʮ Уߣ
һŷٴŶݲԶһҹ˴ɩӹݣŷģ׹ʱľǼĽˡȻ˽ϣҲвټҽӹݣȥʼҲڵζ
Ĺ˴ɩɺˮ䰴ϵλûаϵ˵ӹݵĴʼɼʡһũ帾ŮǳΪ˴ɩ̶̼ʱ䣬˴ɩӹѾ˻ĹĴϱ
һŷеĹ˴ɩӹԹʱ;ζܲμ˱ԥ˽ȥ
ŷٸԼͶӵĢڵģһײڵģţһŶȥѰλˣʱǷ㣬Է˺ǲ٣˰ľҵһλá
ŷٹԺ˾۰Ͱ͵ţȷʵǶӶԵʣĽԺһֻˮ̧ͷŷĸһۣǱֺ£ֻںڵС۾˼ҵĽӣһգգŷټ״æкӰ
˿Ȼܶ࣬ӹ﹤ԱĶͦģԼʮӣһǵĽӺţˡŷٱչ˶ӣϸһ򲻹ܲ˵شڳԺ
ҲǶӶԵʣ˳øССԴû̧ʱһŷٿ󣬻һۣȻЦǺǵؿӡ
һ¿ӣ׼ȿţʱ¶ֻʱ˵һüͷһ壬¶ͳֻһʲôʾľȻ֣ĺ룬ú⡣һվСŷ˵һ䣬ȥӸ绰ȻƧȥ
Ժһص˸ղŵλ棬ŷȻڸӼнӳԣǶȴԵĲ֮Сһһգ˵ĵ绰絽Ӧ쿪ᣬǰһ
ŶŷӦһԺ󣬱û˵
֮ǰڵգ֣һ绰ɢ˴źԶڶУԴĸоһ绰½صʵС
һȻǺӵİְ֣ȴǱ˵ϹŷڵǸ֮ǰѾ˵ġʱоһ˿ΣЩĺڡ
꣬һ˵ֻҪͷͻӭȢѡ˷ʱ˿̣ŷĲǸǶԻǴ
극ԺŷĽֵɢһᲽص˾Ƶ档һѾȽϤˣԶһֱҵҲų⡣
ŷٴźȥϴʱһͨĵ绰ñȽͻȻҪ͵ĻһҲ˵ֻ̫򵥵˵һ䣬ֶ˹˾ȡȫû⣬öԷʱֱӺǵŷܲϵˣ˵ʲôģһ˵
ʾԺһ˵ӦǱе㼱£ұϻȥͽȫȨˣʲô飬ֵ绰ϵĻֻеӦԺپˡ
һĻе㻳һλŷܲõĹϵ˵ʵǸСкϣһӰӡڶԷڵ绰һ˵ˡ
ŵ绰˵ֵܣֻȥæֱӽҾˡ˵飬ģû⣬СҶҲģ֮ǰѾˣû¡
һ⻰Ժ󣬳׷ġ绰˽飬ʣµľǺŷٵˡŷ֮飬Ф޺ͺ÷Ƽҵϰﺫ÷⣬Ҳû֪ˡǸ˾ͨڻһĻһܲ³߰˰ǰԤ롣
벻ûпڣѾȱ̬ˣ˵ʹ˴򽻵ʡġ⻰˵һûһ˿̾зǳ̵ظܡ
һлԺһ͹Ҷ˵绰Щֻ᲻Դģұ˴ˣȫ˵ˣǾû˼ˡ
ˣϴڴϲһͺ˯˹ȥȻֻƤС뷽跨ؽѵֻèѾȥעˡ
һڿʱ򣬾Ҫһ׼䣬ע⵽˶ӵĴڡڳ˯˹ȥԳۣŷٺᱧ뻳ȥŷٴ˿ͨ죬˫ֽ§סһĲӣʵزҵţ˵ǽŻǼ߼֮ɣ
ʲôСʤ»飬һԺ󣬶仰˸Ϊֵ˽⡣֮ɲСˣǸ峿ŷʧԺѾüͷˣЩһȻǲġ
һһ֧̣ϢԺһ߾Ө͸巢˹ŷľܾò֪еζûдӸղŶԷһֹѹеη֮Сһµܻӭȫˡ
ڶִսԺ˶ѾƣҲս뷨ѱɲʵʵػˡŷֻǲݲݴɨһսһĻ˯˹ȥ
Ӵӳһֱŷ˯Ҳҹϰߡ˯ʱ򣬹˺һŻƿһǲȵ֣´俴ӵ
СһҲ̫ˣ͸˯ȥûʲô仯ŷٰظǺñӣȻŵػص䡣
ƿĿյ׼ȥͻȻһһ˫۾ŷæ˵ôˣǲҵĶ̫ˣһֱ˯һ˯ҰҹǱӵʱ⶯ҲеŪ죬Ӱ쵽㣬ǣءء


߰ʮ Уˣ
һŷ߶߶֮ʣ˫ֳӣȻһѰ§ͷ׼ȷҵ촽͵һѹȥ˵һǳãûκζĶôר־ţʵھ͸ʱ򣬲طſ
һŷһ˵٣ЩˣһжǷĸӵģģӣһ߾رǵġ
ҹŷһⷬ׾ñ֮ҪǽյѹǶ꣬ܵһ˾ķܲþ˵һС
Űɣ˵һԺҪ˵Ļˣ·Լѡģûκιϵڻعͷҵѡȷġ;һƽҲԼҵҲܽ׳ĳɳүѾܾˣʲôأ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵ͷþûпڡŷٺô˵Ѹƽһͷ֮飬ǵ˶Ժ´Ϊһһ֧̣Ȼ˽Ļ
һ̵֧Ĺݼţһ̵̸棬Ȼ˵٣죬ŶҪӦˣ죬úͶӵģ˭֪
˵⣬ŷܷܷ֣סͣȻ˵ڲ˵ȵߵʱ˵𣿡
һ⻰Ժֻ۽ӿһ˿ʪְŷ§˻ĺ¡˾ôػ§ţ˭Ҳûп˵
Ҳ֪˶ãһŷٵĶ˵һȥɣȥӦ죬ԼûӦȥˣǾͶʡˡ
ŷٴӳԷʱ𣬾͵ĶԷ˵ҹ˾֮ʱԷ˳޷رܡ
ŷٿһһۣɵ˵һҲˣҵҵŸո𲽣ҲϣҾô;ϰɣ׹⼸꣬ʶΪһŮ˵ļֵҵһֱ㣬ǹȥڣǽҲܺȥ
һ˵ŷټ˵ҵҼȻ뿪ҲܻȥˡһúøӵģҪʱĻ͹ĸӣҾͺ֪ˡ
һŷٵһסˣþõĲ֪ôڡ̫ŷٵԸˣһȴؼǿŮˣҪǴ⣬ҪͼȥıĻǼֱȵ컹ѡ
̶̵ӣһԺתͷҪıŷٵ뷨һ˼ԺˡЩҪ˵˵ŷ٣˵ԼС
ؿŷ٣˵٣ľһ᳣ģͶһҪúõģʲô飬һҪһʱϵ⣬ʱĻҲԴŶȥӦ쿴ҡ
ŷ⻰Ժ󣬳һһ֮ǰ뷨е㲻֪Ǻˡ֮ԲԸȥӦ죬˹ԭ⣬֣⣬һ£ҪȥԺ󣬸ԶԷ
ҪǴŶȥӦĻһСģһҵŷζԸ⿴Ľʱ䣬رϲһ׸衶뿪ǸʼֱĵĶףᡣ
һģղ˵ģҶסˡΪ˻һ֮εգŷٹ˵Ǻӵİְ֣ҪѵĻȻһʱʱһҪʱѽ
٣ģĺǣҲһʱϵĸӵߡһն˵
ŷٷԼһ֮ȻԷôķӦȳۻЦ˵Уһ仰ڣҾˡˣǸ飬ǽʶһѣҲعչҺϵһ£ûġ
һ⻰￪ļˣղֻŶŮ鳤¸ˣ벻ԷѾǰˡŷһۣ˵һǸеģӦӡɣҲںʢ˾ҺһѺϿġ
ŷ⻰Ժͷ˼˺һᣬԼԼĳʲôģѾȫӡˡ
һ󣬼˵죬ȥǹ˾ѧϰѧϰ飬Ӧûʲôɣ
Ǻǣʲô⣿ŷЦ˵һ˾Ĺ⿿۾϶ǲеģҵĹ˾кܶŵģˣһͷпѪ޹顣
һ⻰Ժͷһ漴ֿĵҡͷˣ۰ֵĻ˴֪ûôõһֻ˵һǸ֣εؼסˣ;ϵҪ֣һҪٷ֮ٵӡ
Ժŷְ׹ľϸ˵һǺйصġ˵֮ŷ´ȥЯıóӵƬһŵķһ
һӰɳļ¼׹صڣÿһţƬԱߣбעҲƬ
ŷٵʱЩʱ򣬷ǳϸģ֪гһգⱾһӭ֮˵ġȻֻΨһһˣ˾ĸȫȥġ
һЩƬʱζƿһ㣬˲ȫӿͷʱüؿǰǵɫĽʱһҲ̲סˣ۽Ǵ˳žһƬ档
æ׼ˮȥŷȴһץס֣˵ˣͦã


߰ʮ Уţ
һһ㶣漴סŷٵ֣ȻڳʳָͶԷʳָһ𣬰ǵˮͿĨƬ棬ֱȫ˲Ű֡
ԺһһãҲûжһ¡ŷ׼֮ʣ͵ؿ˵٣ҴȥԺӣÿ¶һţԺ͸ң𣿡
ǺãߵĻһŷֹһö˼
ģһᴦõġһ˵ôҾܹһģģһźõġ
ŷ˰ɵĻԺ󣬿ĵص˵ͷȻùãŽƯİװ档
ҹһŷ˵Ƕݵġĵδ֮ʱһ͸ķ϶Ѿˡ뵽һŷҪ˾ȥæ˵٣˯һɣҪȻûо񡣡
ŷ˹ɵص˵ͷ֪һӦԺһȥ졣ҪǲϢһµĻֻԲ
ƣͣʵٽ賿֮ʣȥԺûӵĹ򣬷˾ȵ
Ҳ֪˶ãһоһ򼱣һԺʵ̲סˣ۾дţǿҵ̫⻹۾֮СĹ죬û̫ģǻȵ̫ʹ糿Ҳ⡣
һתͷһ߿տҲŷѾˣһţɵûǰǸ峿ԷԺһȥֱ˲ѵңҪظĹ
һӴһԾֱȥƿԺ󣬼ŷͶһɳϿӣŷһûüڣֻ۵ͯ˵å
һ󣬵ͷһֻԼϳһڿ⣬ʲôҲûУ¶һڨڨ֮顣ŷټ״һЦ
һ˻ȥԺŶԶ˵Ժ󣬿ɲְһҪ·֪ӵ˵ͷԺ˵ղҲӦýаְåֻǵ裬ԲżųģҲɣ
Ȼö˼һۣͷ˵裬֪ˣԺҲаְ֡åˡ
ŷȻϽһְˣǿģϣȴһ㶼û¶Ļӿܻôرע⣬һٽеʱܾͻѹŪ㡣
һ»صԺŷʶֻһʾʱѾŵˡе㲻ˣҪǳ˴ͳӦĻͿԳˡ
֣˵ŰĵҵӦ죬ʱýȥһ¡һȻһڴӦɲҰ˶еүӣʱֻ»ỻһѵ⡣Ʋŷٵ鲻̸ڹڼȻȥæʲô飬үӲ쭲Ź֡
ҪʱߵĻһʵевʣȻŷ࣬ǺͶ֮ȴûܽһ顣ںԡڹ˴ɩӹݵʱүദòһȴöȫϿӵġ
뵽Ժһе㷸ˣԽһת϶ԽʲôʱȥżĻͿѳԼȥһĻͿԳԹٴӶˡ˳ĵҸϵӦ죬ûˡ
Ժһóֻ˹ȥûĽֻͣǸ֪һ¶ԷֱӰѳӦ죬ȥʱԼ취׼˵Ѿཱུæֻеˣѽ
ҶϪ⻰Ժæ˳úõڴţ˵㷢ʲôѽ
һԺ󣬾Ͷ˵һȥĶԷѽְִȥ⻰Ȼȥ˵ú⣬ȴϰµģºӻܾһ֮ǰǸճΪåġ
ѼӣѼӣ˵عԺ󣬾ʹȥľѼӵġ˵ɡȥɣԥԥ˵
һŷٶóղ׼аְֵģǵˣûнеóһļˣȻûпڽְ֣ǺʱıֱȣѾ˺ܴˡֻҪҲĥ룬Сһ￪ڽаְֻʱ⡣
һ˷ԺŻŷʵղ˵ʲôҪʲôľѼӣ
ŷ󣬿Ц˺һԺ˳һ˵ҸѼôҲǲסͳľϵѼˡ
һ⻰ԺҲЦȻ˵ãְ־ʹ裬ȥľϵѼӡ
ŷ⻰Ժæӹ˵ӣ׼һһˡ֪ҪϵӦȥڳʱԶٷѾܲףĥˣĻͼпˡ
ϳԺһ֪ŷѾ绰ˣȥ˾ˡסķʲôģع֮ǰѾŰźˣֻҪȥһ£ҪûĻͿסȥˡ
һʻĴУĹʳҵȫ⼸ҵĹкóԵĶһŷٺͶӣûʲôҵһӦѼꡣ
ŶӿĵسŰѼ˵϶¶˻ĵ΢Ц
극Ժһĸ͵ֶ˹˾ŸŷٵסȻ͵תͷ׼뿪ˡ׼ǰʱͻȻְ֣ټҪѽ
һ⻰Ժ棬Ϊ˷ֹӿͷ쵽ҡҡȻͲһţҵļһʻ˳ȥ


߰ʮ ҹ̸
һ·ϣһϵúܼ˸ԺĵһڣǰѳͣղųǵһΣʵڼʻҪϸˣΪ˰ȫ룬һҪͣƽһ¼顣
֧ԺһĽ˶֮ȷʵջķᣬΪ٣Ϊ˶ӣһҪŬ
뵽Ժḧһ·ڸʻλϵǱᣬ֪ĶӴ˿΢Цءһʱֻû̵Ժ˳ӣʻ˸١
ҹȻû˯ãһ·һľǳ棬ٶȻܿ죬ȴǳƽȡӦʱĵ㻹ûһֱӰѳʻ˾ý֣ǴྩֱӷɹμӴĻģñȽϴæ
˵䵽ýʱһһ㶣漴˶ԷĽͲ׹֪ʱӦܵñȽ϶࣬Ҫ¬үӵ岻̫ãôʱҲûʲôɫΪյľԱ֣ȥ쵼ҲӦõġ
һĵڶνӻˣȴǽȻͬȻһֱм־η֮飬еףڶŷٵȻͬ
ֵ֣ʱһһ۾Ϳ˶Էæһ֣Ȼ첽ӭȥ֣һԺ󣬵˵ͷ˹˼Ժû̫ĺѣһӹŵСƤ䣬˱һȥ
һ·ϣ֣Եúƣһ״ҲûпڡղѾʹүʧȥݻȥ
֣˵ſأסɣе㻰ġ
һһų۾ʻȥ
ϣ֣࣬һ¬үӵǺֹۣʱ䲻̫ˡϢԺѾˣδ棬һӭ쳣
ȻѾ¬Ƕ֪Է¬ҵĶԹһ˵ʱ򣬲Żֱס
һ¬ǵһᵽϢʱȷʵ𾪣ʱ򣬻һۣʵϴ¬˵ԷҪ׼ֵĻпܴ⿪ʼûⷽϢ
ѽ¬˵û֣˵ʡΧΪһԷҪǲֵĻǾɵӡྩʱ˵ѾԻˣյĽ˵
һ⻰Ժûټ׷ȥ֮ǰѾˣֻһСɫѣԼ飬ҪֶԸҲô򵥵顣
֣Ů⻰ԺϲԷ֮Ҫڴͬ־ǰһӦ죬Ϊ˺ͶԷúýһ߶ȣܸܵⳡķζʲôó׼Ļʱ򣬼п뱻
֣ľᣬϾֻҪˣܷ˵ĻҲûʲô̫塣Ůһۣ˵ǰʱ˵ͷһʲôɲС飬ô
һʻԺæѶһϸĽܡ
֣Ժ󣬵˵ͷûۣʵﻹǺܿĵġݹǰСӴӦöͦλģȻ¬ָ㣬˵ĳɼҲǲĨɱġ
֣ڰһȥԺıһӦΪ·ıȡһ벻ʡί֯ﾹȻҲӿһȭԺҲȡÿɲĳɼ棬֣Ǻġ
һһۣʵ˵һһⲻǺڣʲôνأ˹ؼʱ̣˴֣ⷽӦأ
һһůүƽʱȻЦĹ֮ȴһҲ١Ц˵֣˵Ҳǵˣϸҵҵʱұ뵽һ⣬ȥ㡣
ţͰ˵˳˵ͶֱӴũ滮ģԲ˭ȥ飬Բġ⣬ķ˴ϸ磬ôҲ㲻ҵͷ
֣⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷһ£˵˵ЩҲǺһһҪסһүӲ˵Ļǽĺܳһʱ䣬һҪСĽȥӦߵ˺£ǧܵġ
֣ģ˵һμĵġһ˵
֣ŮıԺص˵ͷʱϲؿһĳ죬ûʲôܱÿĵˡ

ڶһ磬һ֣͵ӦȻתͷʡί֯ʻȥ쿪Լĳĳڳ棬׼һϰԺٴ绰ͶԷϵ˹ѳߡ
һ˰칫Ժ󣬵һǸŷٴ绰˼˵Ժ͹ҶˣΪŷٸİ칫档һΪ˷ֹǻҶ˵绰Լпյʱϵ
ֱٽʱ򣬲Ÿһ绰һλܲõ̬Ⱥܺãǲι˹˾һ˵ΪƼһͨҵĺ飬ǵ֮Ա
һæף䣬˳ݿǿ
˭֪Էȴ飬ڵ绰ͷ˵Ϊɵѽ֪ⶼĹͣӲҪҵϣҲûʲô
һһ㶣漴Ц˵У˵İ죬װŵģ˵ҼҰѳߡƳĲÿˣ
һôȥ绰ͷ˹ŭ


߰ʮ Ԯ
ϣһμһ룬Ǽöĳ˵ˣĸһһҲûǵסһೡӣ˵ģǽȴû취ƣΪǼͺ˵ġ
һϰʱ򣬶Է˵£ϼеϣһһڴӦⱾͲʲô˵飬ټϼͺȻûоܾĵ
ԷʱûкȾƣһ棬ӶԺ鲻Ǻܺãһ棬˯úܳ٣廹еԲ
ĹٳϵĹأһ˵λø߳һأȲȾû˼ƽϵġȵѪ֣һΪ֮𲢣һΪҵְλ࣬˭Ҳ˭Ǿھϼߵˡ
һϺȲȾƣû˺ƽϵġܹ¶Ǹ;úˣĶȲȾЩϸڡǴĺʮ·ݣʡɲжСҪȥˣȻ졣ʱһʲô⣬Ҳнһ˵ء
극Ժһֱӻ˽۾ۻˣ첻⿪ôʱĳڼ֣֮ǰﻹеûסǰ죬ȥŷ٣ڵ֣Ȼ˵ڶ͵Ӧ죬ɵòĳЩ롣
һؼǵãͶԷһμʱ򣬶˼ҿ䡣е㵣ĺŷٵ¶ڣһĻɾͱˡϻ˵úã飬һû飬֤ĵǶģһ˿ͷ˵ܴġ
ʻ۾ʱһͷ˼顣ͻȻֲԶиӰȶ˵̬ӦǸŮ졣е֣ǱһŮôʲôأȻһ˿֣һ²ؼ߸߹֮⣬ѳҵͣλʻȥ
һͣóԺ󣬹ص˵𿪹أƿţһֻŸ棬ͻȻһŮ˵˵촦
һһ㶣ѸٴӳȥȻ֮ȥվŵǸղŵǸŮˣе죬һ벻Ķǵ˵һǣ
˭֪⻰һԷſǻ˵촦Ⱦɷɣֻܾ͵ء
һ⻰ԺȫɶĺСͷԣе㻳ɶԷǲϴˣղѾԱˣԷ˵ǲʲôᡣ뵽Ժ˵λŮʿˣ˵ô£Ҳܰѽ
һĻԺŮ˹Ȼֹס˿̧ͷһ˵촦ʶ𣿡
һ⻰ԺһãȻһԺʵʵ˵е죬е벻ˡ˵⻰ʱһͷԻڿתţҪǰλǺηʥȻʧˣգһ
Ů⻰Ժ󣬿һ˵촦ֵӣϴһԹġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ŻȻúлԣһ𣬺Ҿһ¡ʱŮ˶æź庢ӣһҲû̫⣬Ǹղʼվ죬ɾ벻Է˭ԭ
֪˶Էݣһȫ׸ղŶԷ˵ǻ˼ˣܰ˵ֱӦмί˴ˣǿɲǸɲ˵仰ܹõġ
˼Ժһֵ˵ԭɩѽ㿴۾һӾȻûϳˡ
ֵŽϼһ⻰ԺԷһԴɷԺʳѰƽЩǻеϵˣʱ򶼶ԶԶġʵͶ·ˣ뵽һ
֮ǰûʲôףϾɷ򲻶ԣ˼Ҳں浹ùԼͷȥԷܾеŲڵĸоҵΨһɷˣôΡΪѣҲҪһԣϹ˵ֿɾˡ
ϼͷ˵촦Ǽ˶Բ飬ǶѣȻкܶ಻㣬治װǮѽҪ֪ĻԲ˵͸ˣûؼȥϣؼҵʱ򣬰̵ݸң˵пոҰȥһ£Ҫ֪װʲôôܻأ
һϼ⻰˵ͷԷ˵ʵģֵ˽ԷҲֵļͥΪʮǮȥðգ˵ɵҲóǮжô֣ôȥѰ·أ
뵽Ժһϼ˵ɩӣ˵⻰ȫţڵûѽҪ뷽跨˵ίţֲпûѽ
촦ҴָлĹġϼ˵˵ЩҶ֪ҲҼί˷ӳˣ˼˵һ֮ǣܲšҽæҺ˵˵Ǵ쵼ʶ˶࣬˵Ļһҹáˣء
ϼ˵Ժؿ¹˼
һ״æ˵ɩӣʲôú˵ѽôأ
һæֹϼĶе㵣ģԷͨǰһе㲻֪ǺãҲǣקҲǣǿΪˡʱСܶ˳Ժ󣬶ɢʲôģҪǱ˿ˣǸǲý͡
ϼһĻԺ󣬸оϣǱ߿ޱ˵촦һҪǳѽҵ˶ˣûһԸæġѧʱǺѣֵܣҪٲԸֵĻûϣˣˣ


߰ʮ ֣һ
һ״æ˵ɩӣ˵еΪˣɣֵ飬治ʮҵҸʿȻҵˣһ仰⣬ֻҪһܰϵģһʵܼģɩӶ¡
ϼһ˵ˣȻҲٶ˵ʲôˣıҲɷ鲻˭һ仰ܽģһܴӦæӦú֪ˡ֮ǰҹˣ˼Ҳһڻؾ涼¶ûһӦæġ
뵽Ժϼ̧ͷ˵촦鷳ˣ˳ȹһ٣һŰл
һ˵ɩӣô˵ɾͼˣ˵ģͳǺѣֵܣҲӦġҶ˵һ䣬ĺѧʱһˣʵͬѧѡֵ֮䣬Ҫϵһ׵ģЩ򲻴ѽ
ϼ⻰Ժסˣ벻ʱһ˵ĳĻʵЩȰɷ򣬿ȥһֻӪհԼȥˡ
һһۣ˵촦ֻԺһ⻰תϣˣ񵱳ϴѧʱΪ޻̸ĺֵܡ
ϼ˵⻰Ժ󣬵һһת뿪ˡ
һصԺ󣬰Ѹոշ飬Ժһ飬ȻӵһжӦʶԷ飬ҲǽֻΪҲԼĿǡ
ݹֵ飬ʵûʲô̫Ĺ쵼յͬѧһԸȥհˡԼ̬ȼⷹûгԵĳɣַһ̣ԼǾܾˡΪ˷ֹȥԺ쵼˵£ͰȻͳȥˡ
ֻһ̣ͨˣҲûʲô˵ģֻҪƳһ´ûˡĹؼǣװŵҩģһĻƺҲϴˡ
һЩֻǱ¶ѣʵ˭ǾԲ֪ģĻԲ˽ȥֻǱί֯һСԱðű鴦Σ̵ĶӽˮˣֻҪһˣɲ
ﶼô£ûȥͱǲ㴰ֽȻ˵˻ˡ˵˵˭ʵף´˭棬Ǿһ˭йء
һĻʵΪֵģΪԷԲСɫȤ˼ҵĿһһֻɲɵر˹ȥײȴ˽ȥ
һһӦֳͷҲͲˡ֮ǰ뷨ֻŵĳ֣뷨ˣǱղŵһ̬
һһԺ󣬳ಲɳһ̡֧Ѿϰ̬ȥ˼ˣĻͷ˼άʮֻԾҲͱһЩõ
Ҫ£ôӸֻ֣Ҫ˵ͷˣǾɹˡڹؼôöԷɿڣӶ飬ԷԺ첱ӴֵģĶ⣬һ
һãҲûʲôõİ취ԽƺƳɵϡƸǻô군ģӦٳѾʲôˣƺƳΪʲô͵һҲ֮УҶǲ⡣һһҲ֪𰸣ĻͿ԰⵱ɺˡ
뵽ԺмֵöԷַ̧ŵһصСӣ⿪һʳѰĽᣬԷûоܾĵԵĻûκʧȴܰֶΪأ
ڶһ磬һ׼жˣһ뵽¼ãĻԷɹġһĻ;ٹȥˣĻӦһ㣬Էľ
ĹʱһˣĹмͺţһȫԷġʱ䣬׸ûʲô쳣ٶһŷֵһЩճһúǲ죬ӦҲһ£ֻҪۣӦûʲô̫⡣
ҵʱһվŰȥİ칫Ҹ߼ͺһҪȥһ£öԷʲôĻֻ
ϼ󣬵ͷ˵ȥæأʲôġһ׸ȥʱ䣬ͺҵ˶һĸо˵ЩҲ֮ǰǰûˡҪѸٳɳԵĶǱزٵġ
һϳԺֱӦʻȥ׼Էǲڰ칫棬ǰ绰ĻûֱӹȥݳˣҪǶԷڵĻٹȥĻҲи˵ǡ
һӦ·Ϻ̩·Ȼٽ·ǰʻԼңܿӦĴ¥ˡ¥ǾʮڽģڿѾԵеˣƻڣһ֪صڵء
һĳʡί֯·֤ͨſվڵ侯ûм飬ֱӷˡһȻûӦ֮ǰѾͺˣг͸гİ칫ҾмǴС¥棬ֻгİ칫¥λгİ칫ڶ¥
һѳͣԺֱг칫¥ȥһ·ȻüˣûκһѯĶģʲôҲѹ֣ҶԼ飬Ķһ˵
¥Ժһһ۾Ϳг칫ҵƣǼС칫˵һﰵҽӦڰ칫ˣͺðˡ


߰ʮһ ֣
˭
һߵС칫ҵſڣ㴫һѯʣȻˡ롱֣ȴκζԷָһϰʹȻ
һվסӣƽӶԷЦ˵Ӧɣе飬һг
⻰ԺʳɵæվʵԤԼ𣿶ˣĸλģ
һĴšʣӦòϷû֮ˣӦз֮ĻǱҪеģϾԷһ˵˶Է
г˭ܼģ˵ӦгԱһؼегҲͨġΪ飬һǳҪǰ쵼ݣ쵼ʲô˶ȥĻǲԲҲæ˿ʵԼְ
˶ԷʻһػشûԤԼʡί֯ɲģһ鷳ȥͨһ룬ĻгӦûҵġ
ʡί֯ģʵ
ǰ컹ϰ߶ʡί֯˭˭˭죬ڽʲôģȴ벻ˡʱϰ˵СְעȫϵĲ豭ˮƿϣԴ˿ʵ벻ˡ
ԥ֮ʣһע⵽ǸԳ˳ʹһɫŴ⣬ʳɵİ칫ȥһ˵˵ͷͳ˹ȥʾл
˸յ̣͹ˣһ΢΢һЦȻ˵ԭ촦ǲ˼ղŵˣˡгȥСʱԺҪȥӼֻжʮӵʱ䡣
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻ˵һллʱѾעԷղǻˣΪʮӵʱ˵Ѿ㹻ˡԺһ̧ʳɵİ칫ȥ
Էһ֮ʡ߹٣ȥǺͶԷģ˵ӦеĲŶԣԷ칫֮ʣȴһⷽĸоҲûУ̹Ȼšı֣Լе֣ѵ׼ֵԵʣ
һŵţ洫һԺСĵƿ˽ȥ
Ժһؿʳרĵؿļ˵гãʡί֯ɲһ㱨
ʳῴļûҪһ˼ֻӦøҵԷԺļЦ˵һѽ˵ҿеܲȥѽҪǱĲˣǻģ
ʳ仰ȥЦʵȴһʡί֯ˣҪ㱨ĻǸȥҴ޿ġȻˣͱЩģ˵ˣлֱ˵ûҪĨǵġ
˵쵼˵Ѿһ仰Ҫ߰˸Ժ󣬲е˼Ҳһ˵˻Ĺһ˲ڹٳȻҶ˲ţʲô˵ôֱ˵Ļǲʧ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻЦ˵лгĽ̻壬Ҿֱ˵ˣʲô˵ò֮㺣
ʳ⻰Ժ̧ͷһһۣȻ󵭵˵֮Ȫ˵㣬ǶǺģúøɣǰ;ܹġ˵⻰ԺһһĶʾ칫¡
һһէһȥеţ༰֮УϸһƷζĻܾееĺˡһĻек˼ϾԷ䡢ְλҪ࣬ӦءʳҲоԷ˵Ļ̫ܲԲ⾯һ䡪ǰ;ܹġ⻰˼ǣΪһʱĳ嶯˴õǰ̡
һʳɸղǻ˼˸߰˰ˣǴ󶨡Է˵˵Լ׼ʲôѾеˡһĻͺ̸ˡ
뵽Ժһ˲ӣȻƺ˵гҪ˵Һ֮ȪԵںһ𹲹£ξȻһʡίУѧϰҴϿѧ˲ٶѽ
ʳ⻰Ժûпڣֻ̧ͷһضһ֪ǶԷĿףӦþͻˡͷô˳ȣȥ̩ɽԱҲ䵽λһ½ɫΪδԷĳ̶ȡ
һĻеΪԼŮˣôѡô֣ǲǸԼҲ
һȻ֪ʳ뷨ԷɫǽŸղŵĻ˵ʡίУʱУ΢عģᶼ䣬˸жѽ
һ˵Ժͣ˻ͷ̧ͷʳɡ˼˵ˣȻ̸Ļܹһ˳ϷѽĻô̸óأ
ʳһĻԺһ벻ԷȻкƺƳصϢ̫˾ˡղһʡί֯ĽһҪʱʶؾöԷһҪ˵й֮Ȫ⡣֪֮䲻Ը飬̫˾⡣
˵ԼŮǸԣʳɶŮӦûʲô̫ҪŶԣΪ˸ĸĶ̻Լ̣Զ֮ȪһЩ飬ǺܸȤġǰʱ䣬˵һŮˣΣȥ˲ûдһпⷽϢ
˵һõʲôƵġǸСɫһֱûеͷҪ̫ɶˣȻƸڱˣҪûеʾ˼浱гǸˡ
⼸֪˭©ϢίλѾˣûټȥıҪˣϾɲռѽʳɶסѹء벻ˣȻһ⣬׬ˡ


߰ʮ ֣
ڣһȻ˵˶ܵ飬ʳɼֱּ֮СҪ˵ɵ̨Ԥ֮е飬Ͼ˼ƾʵݰǣƺƳɳ¾е˾Īˣ֮ǰһ׶ûУλ˵־ͳˣһضûи
һ绰˼ûнӣֱˣͱʾλĵҪ¶ˡ
ʳǲ׶ܾһССĵУУôܵλأǿǻʡʵʵڵʵȨɣҪ˵ܣԼҲ仢ѽ
ʳ뵽ʱ򣬾ͻƲѣ˴ܣô£õĴ𰸲ûѪԷȻҲ˵֪ô¡
ʳ󣬵ʱһͷ˸ˣ֪ô£๼
Ȼô˵ȴܾʹ˲ܣĻʳҲ˯̤ʵѽԼֵܳˣ֪ô£Ժô죿
һ˼Ȼ֪ܳµ飬ʳϲԽһ˵ûƳһֱΪƣ֪ô᷸˺ͿѶѽ
Ǻǣѽͺͬѧһ׼ҳԶٷʱ£ûгԳɡⱾֻСһΪһʲô˻ûȥأ˶켱ˣȥˣǵӣ治Ǹζѽһݣ˵
⻰ƺƳǳֵϣŶԷϺǾ˼ġ
ʳһĻ󣬹Ȼװģ˼ڴʱ˿﾿ʲôǾ֪ˡ
˺һᣬʳɲװȻ˵һ˵ͬѧǲǾѽ˭˵һģʱû⣬ôһᣬеӡˡ
ѽ֯ģǰʱҴ˹ȥ飬ҳԶٷˣ˵ҲܲŲʣг˵ǰɣһʵ
ʳɵͷˣһ˵ӦҲʶˣҺ֮ȪҲˣгҲеãҾ͹ˡ
ʳһĻԺЦ˵һͶ֮ȪѣǺҲòſˡȻҵĹϽΧ֮ڣֻҪͬѧȷʵû⣬ֻܽңһ°׵ġһǰѽȷʵ˵͹˭Ҳûа취Ҳȥġ
лг壬һȷʵûаܡһЦ˵ͬѧû⣬гֻҪȥһ֪ˣǾͰˡ
һ˵⻰ͬʱﰵװʲôʮأû⣬᲻֪˵ĻǾԲ˵ģǲǺһһôɵɣ
ʳһһ˵æװʹ˵УһŵùһģЩŵͬ־ٶȷʵ˵㣬һҪⷽµǹЧʡһ˵ǰɣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬿ŶԷЦԷ⻰Ϊ˺Ļ̵ģûҪż
Ȼʳ˵⻰Ժ󣬻һת˵ֵֻܣڵУĵطܳ£˿ʹѽ
⻰էһ˵УǸˮţƺƳɲǸЩ߰Ķеɸֵ˼
һȴףô˵ĿָУǶǻʡεģҲûʲô̫ԣ˵ƺƳǲӦó£ڵĽͳˣԭ򶼲֪
ʳҢԲԵ޹ʶƺƳֵģһʲôطòף˾ƵǣƺƳԼ֪Ķ޴ˡʳľǾʲô£ȻȷһĶԭ򶼲֪ȥäĿжĻǼԼ뱻ʳǲȥôûյġ
һ֪Ҫ󣬶ԷѾӦˣֵˡ֮ǰõ˵Ժϰһ飬Ȼʳ˵гҲһ˵ģļٵľͲˣǽ͵ģţҿɾͲˣٺ٣
һ⻰еˣ˼һ˵ĻԷŻԸЩϺöõۣҲȷʵΪб޻ʳɶƣĳĳҵġ
ʳȻóһе˼ɵð˵ͷ룬СȻ䲻󣬵ǵˮ©պ»һΪԸ֮ȪԺҪʲôӣ򡭡
ʳ΢΢һԺЦ˵һ˵û죬һһģţ͵ʲôҲû˵˵ûɣ
һЦŵ˵ͷʹ˵Ȼʡ
ʳɿ˶Էı֣룬ֻҪ֪ô¾ˣ³Ժ涼֪ĶȥˣôȥأǲǰʯͷԼĽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ŽŸղŵĻ˵ϴһԷʱһ˵˾Ȼ˽̽⣬ȥ˵ң˵ƬģģҾͲˣֻ˵
Ŷ⡭һ͡ˣʳɺεؿһʵ룬ʲôϢѽĪģҿʲôҲûѽ
һ˶Էı֣΢΢һЦ˵гѽһаû˵أ˵ԺӦþܶˡ
ʳ⻰Ժһƣ룬Ͳһ˵ѽҪôڵĴԹԷͬʱҲԼһҪСȻ䲻󣬵ǸƲ磬ǧҪ͵ʴס
ԷƵı飬һ룬˶ң⻰һûĻԷĵУԲʧ̬ıֵġ


߰ʮ Ŀĺ
촦뽲ĳϴʳ˵
⻰ͦģʳ˵ʱȴҹά䲻˵ҧгݣˬ֮ȴԱ
һ״ǺһЦȻ˵гӦ֪ɣʡίиŮ˵ǷǰʱصӦˡ
˵ûͷûβһ仰һ㲻ٿˣϸղʳɵݹ̣žһ˻͸ɫŶԷ
ʳɵ˼άղűһһϣ͵һ͸ղŵݺɵĻͷе㷴Ӧϰϣ˳˼뾡Ūһ˵ǰ֮Ĺϵ
һ˶Էı֣ɵóģʳɿ֮Ọ̈̄ͨıҲǲսʤġôڹٳʹ˷ḻľ飬ͷԵķӦǰˣЩϺǹͬ㣬ҲһٳǵĵҪԴ
ӣʳɲŻһʮֲȷĿʵ˼˵ղ˵мϵ
һ˶Էһۣûиشֻ΢΢һЦȻ˵һ䣬Ҫ֪мûʲôϵʵУˣг˵԰ɣ
ʳ⻰Ժһ㶣漴ϱֳŭ֮飬ԷڳЦԼֵܶû滰ءƺƳҲǸˣȻҴţǴû£ǿɶһһҪȥúûô¡
ʮԺһʳɵİ칫ʱܿġԶԶ֮ǰԷĶʮӵʱˣòûʳҪȥҲǶԷһԡ
˵ʵڹȥ֮ǰﻹеûףϾԷݡλ䶼ǰţΪһȻȥսȨɷϵ˵ȷʵðűȽϴķա
ڣһнԺһֶԷҲͲˡȻںͶԷĹУо˲Сѹ֮ͦǰһһ˳Ŀꡣ
֮ǰʳȷ̬ͬѧ飬һӦþͻн⵹еһ֮⣬ΪԷҪֵĻҲỺ죬ͷ˵Ļе̫ˡ
һ·ϣһ˼⣬źǳһֱңû׶Էĺ«澿ʲôҩܶԷһĿĺڣ˳ˣһоοĵط
ڶٽ°ʱһӵֵĵ绰Էڵ绰̬ʮֺãһжµ˼һصлһʲôʱʱԼһһۡ
һҲЩҪһ£ҪȻԺٳµĻøںƨɡΪյͬѣȷʵΪѹعȥְһѣȻ飬ΪװƳܣҪ㣬ǿɾе˵ȥ
һȻ뷨ûдӦԷ룬ֻǵ˵һ䣬ʱе飬æ˵ɣ⣬ԺҾȰѱְɺòֵܣ˵԰ɣ
֮ǰһֱӪϵȻЩϵǨεԺҲеˣЩǿõģ֪ΪΪ֮ͷֻ˷۱
ε˵ŸԺ֮ǰеĹϵûһԸġҪһֵĻǲܹ˵
һĻԺڵ绰ͷ˵һֵܣҽ첻㴦ˣֻƺΪֵܣ˵⻰ҼˣҲ˵ˣͿҽıְɣ
һ밲οԷ䣬뻹ˣͨܵ˱ȽϴĴ̼˵̬ȷǳϿҡԼ˵˵ʲôҪؼҪԺôȥ
һϣԼѶͨŬһسڹٳطҲͦõġ͸ǣʮУг״Ԫ
죬һæµǰߣ뿪ѶԷͻطʳȥģ֣˵еҪȥһƴʡһæŰƱȻϷɻ
ߵæ꣬˵ҪӶлˣһȥվĳ俪ˡһֻεشӦԷ˵ҲʵҪ˼ҵĳҲòѽ
һӵҶϪԺȰҶϪͻص˶ѧȻͺһȥϳԷˡ˶֮пǴȥģڻˣȻҪʱɶ㱨һ
·ϣһæ¶ۼŷٵ顣
˭֪Цſ˵λŷܲǹ˼˴ǲι˸ţǽ˸ŵְԼҪע㡣˵Ϊʲôôã⣬ܾҺ죬ĶҲرͷҲеӡֻǡ
һԷװƵӣ޲һŰߵȥԷ˵飬ˣ𵽴֣һԷʱ򣬵棬ɱ˵©졣
Ǻǣİɣֻ㿪ĶѣΪ治֪ѽЦ˵⻹˵զ֮ĹϵȽ˵ǰɣ
һ˶Էһۣû˵ǣҪǱųĻ֮Ĺϵӵ
󣬺ݺݵص˶ԷһۣȻ˵ˡ˴Լӵʱ䣬͵˵֪ΪʲôСˣ
Ŷ㵹˵˵Ϊʲôһ˵


߰ʮ ½
ϲ͵ģССѾͷƬӲȤѹ˼Ұͣ㶼Ҫԭײ´½һ㼤˵
֪ƨԶ㣬Ӱҿһ˵ߴϵġ֡
ٷԵúǿģΪ˵ȥֶ˹˾˸㶨ˣǶܲûӦæһλ׹ҵĸ߶˲š
һĻһֱĵӭжˣǶͨԵ˲ȷʵ˭Ҳû취飬ΪûнӴǸҵȻ˽⣬ֵĶȥ˲ء
˵׹λҪѮܹòԭ˾ĺԼҪʱܵڡ
Ϣһ϶ûзϣϾ׼ʮһտҵԷѮʱȫü
Ϸ¾ƱԺ󣬶˵վ̨飬Ѿ㶨ˡڹ˾׼˼·೵·Ҫ輸վ̨ᣬ¸ˡ
һ󣬶ֻǵ˵ͷ̫ϲ֮⡣ﶼ㹫˾·Ҳһͨ;°ģĻʡίǵĹүҲ̫ûˡ
һ½ڵ飬ʱҪľǾװޣȻæűʲôġЩǷǳ飬˵ˣֻҪǮͲ⣬Ժ΢Ӧһ¾ˡЩҾϲĴȽϸ
һҪϰ࣬˦ƹЩȻȥæҲ˵Ҫũ˹֣ʱ򣬿԰Щ齻ȥ졣ȵѮʱ׹λλ͸֣һĻ˿ɾ͸ˡ
̸òʱ򣬿ʱҲˣ͸ԴɢؼˡϵмŻ뷨һƣӣ뻹ǰˡ
һصԺ󣬺һͨ绰Ժ󣬱ϴ˯ˡ
һʱ䣬һܶʼӣȻƽҲƺһЩʲôҲ˵ͨɣæµʱƽһƽʱ򣬲е̼ˡ
ƺƳɵļӣһ̸꿵ĵӶ࣬ʱпգ˺üΡ
ŷѾ֪֣ʳǴϢˣҲ绰Ȼһ绰ȥ绰ͨԺ˵˼䣬Сͻѵ绰ȥͰְһ
ŷһ߿Ժ󣬼Ⱦÿģһ֮С
ٽѮ֮ʱһƽˣŷٰλ߶˲Ӧ졣ԷĵϣһϺһԷ
һʮͷŮʿ̷ȥǸֻԷĹУʼհһֻһʱ¶һ˿΢ЦҲݼš
ⷬɣһָĪ֮Уһе׵ģŷٽܹˣԲġڶ׶ŷٶλ½ŮʿĽܣ֪ҪΪ˼ŹǸͲöλ
е㲻ΪȻԹһٷԺҲͷһˣмһ֣֪ûУλŮʿϯҵһЩԺ֪λǸ˲š
극Ժһϱֱ뿪ˣ½ֱӸѶԷʳ֮ⰲźõġ˵½ĴҪȵȥ칫ҵʱپ̸Ҳ˵ʱҲȥʱ˾̶ˣһ򲻹ȥˡ
һʱæųﱸȫʡˣȻŲƣǴﶼ˵ˣˡ֮ǰϹأһú÷ͻɯɯȸһ
÷һֱ飬ɯɯΪĴģҲ˳
ݲҪȥСֿжԾýΪ磬һ鸺ϣһ鸺𽭱һĻʵϴ·ѾˡʡһϽʮĸؼУýϺͽ߸˵Ҳ㲻ƫˣ൱
ҪľǰСг̸滮Ȼʮµʱ䣬ʵֻܾܵŸ£һµʱܡʱʵϻҪۿۣдڵȹҷ棬ƶݼƻʱҪڡ
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֪ԼڶԷĿУȻһλĻǻƵֱӴ¥ȥһֱһֵġ
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һ⻰Ժæ˵޲˵̫ˣҶΪ˹Һ׸еġ
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һ޹ڴڵغűеĲˮⲻص㣬Ĺؼѹһ棬ֻһµʱʲôôأﷸֹ


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ûȥųڵұȥǶǵͣڡʱǲҪһͣ˵ͳһûҪϾ֮ǰ¥ʱûаµĽĻҪٺ˼ȥ̸ϾбҪһΪѹվ̨Ժǰûжٵطˣڿ˾ͺܲˡ
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һͣԺ󣬾ͿһűƷִˡȻʶһȴ֪γƺǺܻģؽһϰã
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ʱ˼ѾͣˣղǸһϰ壬ȻֽϿ޹ϵʱܵñȽڣٹԱѾʶˣҲ֪ݣλϰ֮һԸղǸŻƺ
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Сӿǰһۣ漴˵УҲǼϰ壬ֻҪҰ½˾У£Һûꡣ
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촦رСҪ˵ˣһöǺֻƾ֮ǰӡʶΪƺġ
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˭֪һӲ֪ĶðʮģؾΧм䡣Щһ˵̨ӻһ˵ϰһڣܶ˾;ۼ˹ͳ
һüͷһšȻԾٽĵӻһʱͳˣǡڵһʱεʱҲ磬ôΪ֮ĸо
̧ͷǰȺˣǹͷͷܳкüǻȺôҲӵģôᵽӻأ
ڽõʱһЦ˵Ȿ׬ߺȵûлУΪ½˵ͳ涼е۵ģҪûеĻǵȻȻؾˡ
ȻϰǶԼõܴ󣬵ר̳˼ƾʲôҪأ
û۸ȴй֮޲ؼƷûר̳࣬һĻ˿ѡҲˣ˼ȻҲͲȥˡҲ½һžʵ磬۵ĸԭ
һԷڵӣȻоԣҪ˵Ķ⣬һӻ˵׼ȿ˵
һѯʡ˼֮ʣСѾ鷢ǰ󾭹Ϻϸ˵
ϿʼʱȻڶԷıֺܲðҲûʲô˵ˣΪնԷ˵ȷʵĲԣ½׿˵ʵĻһ̨̨
ʵʲô˵飬ֻǵùһ̨ӻѡ̨ҳңǵùֻ½Ӧȥ̨
Ϻһۣûױ̬ﶼڲ⳥һ̨ӻ⡣
ڸ۴漸ΪˣҶӿ˹˵ˮйͨһҲô˿ţӦ⳥ĻǾ͵ڳƷ⡣
˵޷粻ˣ綼ѾˣĻҲǳˡ¿ò˰Сʱʱ䣬ͻᴫһĻ˭أ
۸Ȼǹ˺ܿصһ棬Ƚ϶ԣǸע⣬ϾĶճƷʳƷƷΪЩҪĻǿֱв˵彡ģԾԲܶϷ
벻ϵĻȻҲС˼ƾоݣ﷢Ʊе߬ţҸղ½Ѿͷ£ҪǳĻֻ鷳
ʱ򣬶Էٵ̡ЭȵطһͶߵĻǿɾıˡȻЩţǶܰƽϰյĿڱǿɾΪˡ
ָӵһϡ˵֪ôźáòĻǶ˵ǰδе
ŵһ죬ͳֲƷ⣬ǼֵǧԪĲɫӻ˭أ
Сӿǰ˵ı֣֮ԱزȺ濴˿漴΢Цת
һûùһ۾˳ŶԷķȥһһʮͷˣһֱȽƷλʿһղؿСӿʱ˵ͷС漴Ե֮ɫת
˵ʲôһСȻ̨ǰQúֻһ˿ƵĿܣǸ˲Ҳһӡ֤һղŵĲ²⣬Ԥıġ


ٰ߰ʮ ӷ粨
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һһֱСӿÿһ֪Ĺؼһϣ˵廹ϵˣҪ㶨ǰһۡ
СĵֽеĶԺһˣֽеĽӽĵط֣ӣͷȫ⿪ˡԭô£ֲȺһأУǿɾͱˡ
ߵ½ؾǰԸ䡣
С󣬵˵ͷȻȥȼȺԺҴҵȥ
һǰϺǰ档С˵λֵܣ֪ôƺ
Сͷϣ벻䲻ɱһγƺһӾǶм״æС˵ôǺ綼ʶ۲ʶ̩ɽѽ
һЦ˵ԭǺѽѽʧʧ
ѡ硱˵úأ˵ĸоǿҪ˵ղ˵ʱ򣬻ûһôһǿҿɶˡǽϵĳƺλǸʲôģﶼˡ
СӿһҲɵһĻԺ˵λϰ壬ղλֵû˵պһ֣Ǹĸꡣ
벻Сӻ飬⵹еһ֮⡣漴˵Ŷԭô꣬ҸղŻΪǵλأҸˣе
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֮ǰϴⶣǧܱ¶ԼݣòϰӦϴĻ˵Ҫ֮ǰ͹ԼǾԲⵥģҲﻢ£ⶣҪС¡
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һеĻ΢΢һЦȻ˵ǵĵӻҪģȷʵǳ⣬Ȼ⡣ǻŴľһ֣Բġ
СһĻ¶һ˿Цݣæ˵˼̨ͬһµӻˡ
⣬Ҹղ˵ˣֻҪǵĵӻȷʵģҳ⣬˵̨ʮ̨ô˼ɣһ˵
Ļ䶨Ժ󣬲Сӡбסˣڳˣϡ½ȫסˡ
һĻԺ½ظһֱΪĸղǾ仰оڡΪԼһͷʧǧ飬ѾˣԺн۳ġ
һһ̬ĻɾûʲôˡȻҲе㲻ףһѻ±ɺ£˸һֻŴֵεĸо㻨ǮҲֵõġ
ϺһĻ漴̹Ȼؾ鷢չˡȻ֪һĺ«ʲôҩƾŶԶԷΣԲԱ˳ŵġ
⻰棿СӺͬ˵
һԣ׷һ˵
Уֵǣȥһһ̨ʵ硣С˷ܵسǰ˵
˵⻰ͬʱǸʮͷͳֻҵ֮ǰͱ༭õĶ˷ͼ
ţһſ˫סˣȵ
ף˵һ̨ʮ̨Ṧͷ˰ɣھһʮ׵ĵطվסӣʵ
һ˶ԷԺ󣬵˵ģ˵ʲôҼǵúֻǲˣ
ôܼǲأмܻ˵ղ˵ֻҪģҳ⣬ʮ̨ͬµӸǣûɣܵ˶ԷŪ˵ܲ
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һӰȥΪ˼˵һҲûСҪõʮ̨ӻȷʵҪ֤ԷҪǸǰᣬѲסǣӻСƱС߬أ¶ԷˡһĻԷΪΪ
ղűֵǰ㼱ȣȲصõʮ̨ӻǰ֮ǰİţǻкأʱ䱦󣬿ɵ󲻵á


ٰ߰ʮһ ӷ粨
СһĻǰһЦ˵λϰ˵ûֵ̫ļˣǹ̨ӻСƱɿˣһǼðģɾͿˡ
ϷʵζײˣµСǺʱ˵رһЦϵǡô
һҲգԷϵСƱƳһֵۣ˼ûУ漴ȷ˵СƱû⣬ȷʵġǿڿ˵ӻ⣬ھ˵˵Ķ⡣
˵⻰Ժֳվ½һ˵鷳һ£ȥҸòֱӰѵԴӵðѵӰȥһҪںܣ鷳
һķԸԺæȥҲˡϰԸ飬Ķҵ˵ߵ̬أá
СһĻ󣬳ʹһɫСˣ˵֮ǰķֹҲȷʵе顣
иղűһһԺûأںò״һᣬȻŹ
ǰһЦ˵ľǵӻǹ㲥ôֻͼǼƷѽ
˵⻰ͬʱﰵ㲻ҵʲô˵˰ɣٺ٣
һɨ˶Էһۣǲ²˵ǻŴľǵӣ˵˼ǵӻǹ㲥ҾͲ֪ˡ
⻰Ժ󣬺Ī֪һ˵ڡתͷСһۣ˼ʣ˵ʲôأ
СȻҲ֪һô˵⣬Ҫдһ㡣ȻҲ˼ҾͲҺΡ˵λϰ壬ֵܸղǻ˼ǣ̨Ժ󣬻ؼҷŵʱֻûͼ㿴㲻ˣ
һ˵񵹳һûже˼ˣ˽书һҡ
һ΢΢һЦͿСӻеˮƽģڹȻӡ֤֮ǰĹ۵㣬һҲż
Сһۣ΢Ц˵磬ǰɣҾ£˵˲㣬˵Ҳ㡣Ӿû⣬ʲô⣬ǿһ֪ˣ˵ǰɣ
һ˵ָָùȻСӺһѵӻ̧Ķ˼ԣ˵ӻ⣬ҰѲˣǸ֤ҿ
Сӳĳë͹ͷ֣һæǰѵӻӰװ̧˳ӣץͷͨ˵ԴȻ˳˵ӻĿأС漴һңϵĺɫť
ڳ˶ע̨29ɫӻϣղ˫˰ľӻû⣬Ժ󣬲֪
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ϺһֱڶһģǱΪһ֮ԸҰѻ˵ôһаհ°ƽ
ڿǿֻһԸ뷨ˣزˣǲòǰʵһôӦ׼ʮ̨ӻۣΪһιˡ
ȻҲδɣǼ̬Ͳһϰ뵽ǵһ£֮ǰһΪڵľٶڲѡ
˳ͱȻ˻ϲ
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һûκ⣬ǵ鷳ɾʹˣϴǽ˿ǺбģʱǼпܻԲ˶ߡڵӹȻˣǻʲôõĵأ
пһֻ˵ϰ壬û⣬ӱȽҪٵȵȡ
һ󣬹Ϊ״˺һԺ૵˵Ҫɣ˫ڣһλ˿ѹżһ£̨Ӿû⣬ǿΣ
С룬ӷ죬ӰĶûУȻҪ˹ӽˮˣ֮ǰͦһˣôǲǱ¸̼ˡҪϰô֪ϴ᲻νҡ
뵽ԺЦ˵У㣬˵ôôˣ棬ƣϣʮµģûɣ
⻰ԺΧںЦг˳ζӻģһƫҪҸһ£ȷʵд˵˼
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˭֪һĻȴż˶Цˣŵ˵ܲҲ˵ġҿҲɣ鷳λһ£һ⴩Ŵ磬Ǽʶģһ£ллˡ


ٰ߰ʮ ӷ粨ģ
˵ָŸղźСüȥǸУȻһơֶվһλӪҵԱ˵鷳һ£ȡһСƷһ͸λ
жһѡ⣬ȥ˼Ѿ˵ˣҪǲȥĻеȴ֮˼İ·注Ŀӿϣַظ֮ǰʿǰȥ
һ״ϵЦݸˣȥﻹ˵˼鷳ˣ
бߺһ֣ЦҿǳǵƷĲģǧҪѽ
ģҵƷԳ֮⣡һЦݿ˵
װڴ˵ҿɾĿԴˣ
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нӿ˵ǣǡ˵߶װǳز鿴ӻʱָ°ֵúרҵӡ
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˵⻰ͬʱ뵽˵ģҪǲǻǿеԲҵݡ
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һĻ˵ʮ̨ӻֵܾߣһ̨ĻܾˣֻҪһ绰һеģٺ٣
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֣ʲô֣б˵߶ӣͷһָĵطȥ߿
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һֱװƣһҲܾˣڵ̯ƵʱȻҪݺݵشҪȻҲԲԼղܵ
ϺʱѾʲôˣһЦһղһڵĿˡ֮ǰ֮ΪöԷֵı¶ԼٺݺһȹȥǴ
֪Լﻢˣǰһϸ˿֣ȻС˵Ӧǻˡ
ŶλǺѧʶһһһλֵ֪ĺ𣿡
ҡ֪к˵˼ͻȻеҪȥҾһˡ⣬һã
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һѾˣתСӺ˵λ˭ҽһ£Ļ˶ָνͣ
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һſŵıݣЦǸ˲ţʱ򣬾ȻſںߣΧ۵Ⱥҿ׼
һ۲֪ʲôʱѾվ½ߵСأֻԷϵһOKơһĻһ׵طģ׼úõһ⼸֪ߵغļһ


ٰ߰ʮ ӷ粨壩
һС˵ôҴ˵ѽУҲͷ
˵ԺΧ۵Ⱥ˵һûеɣھߴ⾿ô¡
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һĻ䣬Ⱥ˺üŶޡ
ղֵʱ򣬺ö˶еʶĸоɾĶģöһӶ벻ˡһĽԺ󣬴γѡ
Сӿ˵ıԺﰵһãʱҪȫˣֻп￴ֵļһˡڽԺ󣬾ͷıԶ֮ǰҪ࣬ҪӲĻǵùһǡ
æǰһ˵˾ʲô˼Ҳֻһ˵ֽл֣Ӿͳ˱ˣҪָ֣ô˵أ
µǰСҲʶأС⻰˵꣬͵ѽҪ֣Ǹô˵ϵۼҵİɣ
һ⻰ԺһҲżСȴ˵˵ǲģ뿴Ļһ֪ˡ
ԭһʼֵӻеײԺ󣬾СȥһļƬȻֱڴĻϽ䲥ųһĻô£һ۾ͿԿˡ
һĻԺ½Բ˴ĻһṦ򣬻ĵרͳˣڴǰŷĸֵÿֽеĵײġˡ
ʱȺ۷׷ףҶСӡеָָ㡣ƬԺ󣬴Ҫǻ֪ǰһĻô£Ǻɵӡ׳Ҳûʲôˡ
СӺмȥʹһɫ׼ֱͻΧ
ûıѾΧΧȺʶҪˣǷ׷Χɢȥ˭ϲΪ֣ΣİȫǾͲֵˡ
ȺɢԺ󣬸ڱжǿվһ߻ˣֵһչֵʱˣȻ˺
СӼ״æЦ˵λ磬ղֻǺǿЦǧҪ棬Сܣ͸ⲻˡ
˵߶ӣ˵ĸо׼ͷҾˡСӵ²֮һʱȴҵļһ㣬͵󷽳˹ȥղѾ۲ˣվһˣԱ٣ҪͻΧĻȻõѡˡ
Сӵոƶ;Ҳһɾ޴Ϯ˹һáҪܣѳڿ֮ƣ޷ƶֻصһСӵذһţ˳ȥɳһ㱻˵ϡ
ϽŸղһŵľ˳ǰһ˵Сӣ㻨ҪϴĻҲòŸүôѽͷͶˡ
Сӱһߵò㱳ȥ˿ĶлĶ֪ϿǸڲֱһŵɲһĴҪǾڵϻ켣Ļһžȥ
ϴ󱻴ˣСµǰֵܲˣǸ׼ѾıΧҪǼһеĻȴǵֻбСӸصĳͷ
쿪ҵΪ˷ֹ⣬ũŵĴ˹Щ˿ɶǾʱѵģóȥԸСʮС죬Ƶġ
меŻˣСӡе˲ֻͬһССĲžʱЩɷı֪Ҫʱٲ취Ļǿɾˡ
Ժװһ࣬һ˵ϰ壬ղǲ࣬˵䲻˵Ļ˲С˹ذɣǸƷʲôҲҪˣҲûʲôˣ߰ɣ
ѽУǵǵҪûĻҾߡһ˵ָָСӵˡ
Һûϵѽ߲ߣͲҪ˰ɣԱн۾˵Ϲ
ĺ˵ʲôأҪôɣôܵ¡д˵ڳܣĶô˵顣
СʱҲˣǿվӣָװ˵ѽλϰ壬ֵ˵Ļûǻˣֵôɵģ̨ӻҲǸġ
Сڹ֮ǰûɸ˹Ϊ˷ֹ£ŶԷһеڹȻ⣬ĶŹС˵Ҫ˵ĻҲװȣ˳һˣʮ壬Ҳûʲôԡ
װкСӵĻԴ֪ڽˡһỹǰ֪ȫ˵öԿͷղСӳԵһҪϵĻƹǺ
ֻһ򹤵ģΪ£Լȥǿɾɵˡ
һ˶ѾסˣǶСӺ˵λǿȥ̸̸˰ɣ
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б˵ЩһȫҴֿȥҿɲЩȥĵط
ԣ˵ˣȷʵȥңǻ治ȥĵطһ˵Ժ˼ԾƵʱ򣬾֪Ȥһ㣬ϿȥҪȵֻзƿԳˡ
СӺд˿Ķ˵ֻ֣ĬĬվЩǰȥ


ٰ߰ʮ 
˶Ϸճ˵ʱſͻȻһұѾ׼ˣһƣΧ
һϵҲס˽Ųתǰȥֻģ˹Ͽץ˷磬һԴļơ
һϿ״Ժ󣬶̧ȥѯô¡Ȼ˵˼æһ޹ҡҡͷʾЩߵĵûаϵ
ǵļƻȷʵõӡ㲥ֽý룬Ǻһ飬ܿҵ߹ʱһҪһʲô״ǲǰʯͷԼĽ
Ȼ⼸˲ģǾ˷ѽˣʱʲôѵΪôõɣ
һϡ½ʹһɫһ첽ӭȥ½ǰ棬Ϻ󣬶һ˺档вֱȽ⣬ȻûгǰıҪ
½˿ѾȫָŮǿ˵ķ緶ӭȥģ˵Ǻãʲô𣿡
ģҲǰĸǳģͣ˽Ų
ǰǸŶ鷢кͷģ½˵ϰǽӵȺھٱ˵Ʒ˹ɷãû¡
һղſķ֮µ˰˾ŷ֣һǻǱ߸ĹҪȻЩûͻȻʱ֡ԷǶһԽףеǸΪʲôҪֳˣ˰Сӵջ⣬ܻиΪҪ
뵽ԺصͷԸؾ䣬Է漴ղһ㣬Ҵȥ
½ղ֮ԱСӵסһΪʱȣһҲΪǻһͲˣһȫΧסһŮ˼״Ȼõӡ
ڵһˣ׹ʱ򣬾ͼߴ򽻵ܶŹֵ⣬һһ㶨ˣһǸճУû죬ӦǣǾСһ
ǣ½شԷʻֱӷʵ
鷢һ⻰е㲻ˣΪߣеĹǶġ´ͳһ֤ߵݸ½߿˵Ӧ̨Ƶļߣҵ֤
½ѶԷĹ֤ӹֱӸϣ˼һϿԺֱӵݻ˶鷢Ȼ˵λĹ֤Ҳҿɣ
⻰Ժ󣬶鷢һһŮһ漴̧ۿǵϴ󡣶鷢״Ц˵ǺһģҵѾ㿴ˣҪǾûɵĻԴ绰̨ȥȷϡ
Ŷ½ŶԷζ˵һ
鷢е߳ŭˣ½˵ѾҵĹ֤ҿǻû֪أ
ؾ˿ѾˣհһҪĶ˶ԷʻԺæǰһ˵λ½ܣʲôԺ˵
鷢⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣½ǸŮͬ־ʶΪǽӴ֮Ľɫ벻Ȼܾ⻹е֮⣬֪䣬Ͼ˼֡
û˱ɷô£ҪһСĵĻп뱻
鷢ݵָ֮ԭ״ϾߵģӦеġ½һԺװһɵ˵ԭ½ܣٺòʡҵˣ˵֪½ܲҲģɵĻشɣ
֮ǰ飬һѾ㶨ˣ½Ҳǵʮ㡣Ŷ鷢˵ǮߣģʲôҶһĻشģȻشǲҪģҾͲܱ֤ˡ
Ǯ軪½ĻԺ΢΢һ㶣оԷлԲ磬һӣ˵ˣ½ܣǲ˵ЩûõˣǲǸҽһ¾ҿ˵ĵӻ⣬񻹴Ӧ˿Ļ⳥̨֪ǲô£
½׼ڣһקһ䣬˵˵ǮߣϢ̫飬Ѿ⳥ԭȵ̨ᵽʮ̨ôгɣ
˵⻰ͬʱߵһͳ绰һȥͨԺС˵ιҲһߣǮ軪
˴Լӣ˵Ŷ֪ˣߺţѽȻҵҲӦ⼸꣬Ǳˡ
˵⻰Ժֱ˵绰ò˶þͻкϷˡ
Ǯ軪⻰Ժסˣе㲻ˣôأǹ߳ӵģҪ㵽󷴶˻æǿᡣ
뵽ԺǮ軪е㲻ˣĴҪҵϵĻĵ죬źǣʼղԷӰ
ǮߣǲѽһŶԷʵ
ǡǡǮ軪ڷˣһһʣһûзӦͰ͵ػش
һ󣬽׷ᣬʵǮߣǲѽ
Ǯ軪ղһС˶ԷĵҪϵĻԵйǴ󷽵˵ѽȷʵˣղλ绰ң˵ߵҵģ
һԷȻϹˣٽװѶԷ󵽹ȥװһǳĵ˵ǮߣҿҪɣλ绰Ȼܸ绰Ǿ˵ⷢ˽úֻҪһвͶʡ˵Ҳţһػں㡣


ٰ߰ʮ ̨
Ǯ軪ԺﰵҾʹ绰λ죬ҺΡҲһԹߵݴģһͨ񿴼飬绰ýҲǺ顣
ԺǮ軪һ˵лλѣҲдء˵꣬ͳֻһ룬·ͼ
һṦ򣬵绰ͨˣɾʱǮ軪Ķȴ˶ֻ̧ͷĴʶΪԷҪȻôֻأ
һԺʧˣΪǰûϤǸӰֻȴڳͣһȻһվķǲԷ֪ô¡
һŶԷһɻӣЦŴ´ͳһֻǮ軪漴˺ɫĹҶϼ
Ǯ軪Ķ漴˵һŮĵ绰æԺٲɵҲ֪ôˣǮ軪һɻؿһʵֻôϣôˣ
Ǭ֮ͥ£˵ҪΣʲôҰôˣһ˵ʲô˵ˣǲҲøͣʲôģ
˵ʲôҵȻɷõģղŲǸҽӵľٱԺ󣬲šǮ軪ղŵǻ˵һ顣
һ׼ڣͻȻ˴Ⱥ˹˵߲࣬һңȴȻͬһһݡ
Ժ˲ûʲô쳣ı֣ղŻͣǮ軪ȴ·ǹһ㣬ǲ˸˴Сѧһ㣬ͨ죬ϵ˷綼֪Ķˡ
Ǯ軪˭㵽ɷõģվӺȵھʹʵϰ뿪̨ȥȺ
ӸӺϳԺ󣬲֪ô¡̨أһ̨˵ȿˡ
ôĿģһ棬ȷʵǮ軪·Ž̨ģھں浹ù˭ᱻһ棬ðԼƲҪ̫ΪںĹǱԩء
ӵĻԺǮ軪ɥ˵̨ΣҴˣǸһλɣǻ˸ĹǴӦҡ
ˣϻھʹ˸ҹȻȥԺǵְ⡣̨ǾԲ֣ĺȺ֮ġӵˣŭ˵
һע⵽Ǹ˲ţ˵Ļˮƽ˵ʱ۾ȴʼһֺõɫ˼ˣȻȥԺ󣬾׼˿ˡ
ı̬һܳһߴʵϰһȻеףҲڵҪְĳ̶Ȱɣͷ̨ܻɲһ׵飬Ϊ鱻ˣǻеԵ޴ĸоֶ̨˺һԭһۣô¡
Ǯ軪ʵϰ⻰Ժ󣬼ֱ׺䶥ĸоŮһûסȻ˽ӡǻ˵ʲôֻǸݵæʹɫ˼Ȼȥ˵
˿˿̨֪ʢŭ֮УҪΪԼĻҲǰ״
ӿԴˣɫԻҪˡڸղţڰ칫Һ̨һŮ̸ĵģͻȻӵίίĵ绰
ԷһڣûͷûԵѵ֣ӣѽȻʲôطȥҿ̨ǲˡ
һˣԶԷ˵ķǺ˽ģһ㲻ʲôرǲʧ̬ġæŮֻ˻֣˳ȥȻŵ绰˵ǣҵĹȷʵúܲλʾô£
Ȼ֪ĶȳȻٸ壬ܲġ
⻰ԺĿҲԷһģղҲڰ֮֮Сŵ绰˵С֣ѽЩ˲ܹģ˽ĵϸôµ˹ȥˣѽ˵ʲôѽ
쵼ղ˵ʲôʲôطѽҴ⣬ǵһ˵ô˹ȥأ̨֣һƵطʵ
û˹ȥĻԺҲеɻˣһ£ŵ绰ʵ̨ûһǮǮʲôļߣŲİɡ
Ǯ軪̨֣Ժһ漴ѿڶ
ԣԣˡڵ绰ͷ˵ȥģղô˵̨ˣ
̨ˣҿûȥʲôѽˣ˵ʲôǸ¿ŵĴаɣ̨֣æ͵
ԣǶͷ˵ڲ֪֪飬͹ȥҴáҪǳĻҪ˵㣬Ҷпܸں浹ùС֣һҪѽ˽ĻһҪڵһʱһ㱨ˣȥԺһҪλ⹫ӣһҪ뷽跨ȡԭ¡ֻǲ˳
̨֣⻰Ժֻͷ˵һ£쵼⻰е̫ˡԷɲһϲƵˣ˵ɼس̶ȡŵ绰˵ǣ쵼֪ˣ͹ȥģһ°ƽģټ
Ȼһ¶Էеλ⹫ӾǺҲҲ֪ģ쵼һģ֪ģҲ״ã쵼ĻҲδؾ֪ԷݣȥҲֻһġ


ٰ߰ʮ ûʲô̸
ʲôȥѽҪȥ˵Ļ˵ͱòʰˣǵʱǿɶѴѽߴٵ
̨֣Ҷϵ绰ԺȥŮֻſأһжεس˻֣ȥˡŲȥԺ˪ʲôҲû˵ֻΣҲǸӸһȥһˡ
˵ߵʧԺ̨֣ǰһһ˵˵һ£λ⹫ӣ
⻰Ȼǳһ˵ģΪ˵Уһ˿̵λñȽͻǰΪԷǸղ쵼еġ⹫ӡˡ
һ⻰ԺǰһĻôˡһϲ֪Ķ绰ˣԲŻһһһĵԷ绰һúܵλҪȻǿҵķӳ
Ϊ˱ǰᣬһָָվϡ˼Ǹ߶ԷҪҵǶء
̨֣˶ԷıԺ󣬴󺹲ѣԼҴ˶ҿղһ䣬ҪȻпܸһЦǰһϹ˹֣ȻЦǺǵ˵⹫ӣãӦ̨֣ɽȫǸᣬ֪ܷһ˵
һȻµ˶ԷݣԷԱԺ󣬻мֳԾ֮ǰΪԷһ̨֮Ľɫ벻ȻӦе̨һ֡
֮ǰķߵñȽϽӦ켸ý˽úġ֣ɽӦ̨̨ӦίίԶ־ˡڣ͵ضϵ˹עһȻȻóΪʲô
Ͽǰһۣ˵Ҳʶ㣬֮Ҳûʲô̸ģˡ
Ȼ֪֣ɽǺҲǰҲŲµ˶ԷݡȻǸ绰;ԲСɫӣһĻɱţˣ֣ɽ̬Ⱥ䵭
ȻˣԺţһкܶ࣬ҪεĻɱûһЩ۲ʶ̩ɽļһ£ûʲô档
֣ɽϵĻԺ󣬺Σͨ죬վǽҲǣҲǡе쵼ĻˣԷԲŮܲ˳һأ˵
һ֣ɽԺһ˵ϸ磬һ£еҪ˵
Ȼܲһӣ΢΢˵ͷһߵһȥˡ½æΧ˶ɢˡҼ鵽ҲˣٿȥҲûʲôˣۿɲˣҪٲȥĻʱɾ͵ˡ
˿̣Ϊѹľ֣ɽˣôҲ벻ȻݱһεվǣǮ軪ʮ˴һһʺһ顣
Ҫӽˮǳ鷳ỹںŮ̸ֳأĶҪڵҲͰˣ֪յĽΣ˵ں浹ùĻ̫ˡ
뵽⣬޲ھͰǮ軪ˣȻϸղŵǸһҰϵҲûСֻYYһҪĻΪ
վߵǸŲҲԣʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµġ˼̨οһСɫأڵĵ̨һȥԺ󣬰ϡ
Ҫ˵֮ǰǮ軪ʵϰ߻һ˿ͬĻں޲ͷߵ·ͱɶˡһ̫ɶˣĻǣܲñҲǺ浹ùɣǿɾе̫˵ȥˡ
֣ɽ֮ǰǸСӰ⹫ӽеһߣﲻɵȼϣողŵСӵ̬ȻͦģŶԷпܻλ⹫ӵĹĻ˵Ҳɽˮ·һˡ뵽Ժ֣ɽһŵϺһվķϣһԺ󣬶ԷܸһϢ
һṦ졢˹ͨˣֱ̧ǰȥһعͷ֣ɽվλ
˿̣֣ɽһֱȾŮҪϲͷһ̬֮ü֮䣬һ˿֮⡣
˿̣Ѿ˲ˣֻ˳ȹһأղ쵼ǽúҪǴõĻܻǰδе鷳뵽⣬ͱسĶ˼ȥЩûõĶ
һ֣ɽı֣˵ͷԷڵ״̬֮СղһףĴæʵʩԼļƻߣͶԷ̸Ҳ趨õġ
һߵ֣ɽĸǰЦǺǵ˵̨֣ǰɣϸе飬ȥæˣ㲻Ҫѽ
֣ɽ⻰Ժ룬ĶҽѽֻҪͷһҾոˡЦŶһ˵⹫ӹæòʱλϵܣ
˵ע۲һ沿飬ԷûʲôԺ󣬲Ž˵λӣ㿴£ȷʵ֪˹Ҫ֪Ļ˵ʲôҲͬġһȥԺͰһˣ֪⹫ӻûָʾ
˿ҲһΪĳλӸˣΪ⹫ӳֵܣҿԷƺܸӣ˿̣֣ɽĿ׼һ⹫ӼȻܶ˵ǰλӦҲƽˡ
һ˶Է⻰Ժ˼Ժ󣬻ش̨֣ȷʵܹϣ˵䲻˵Ļȷʵ̫ʺǣҪȻ绹ٳ£˵˵Ķ԰ɣ


ٰ߰ʮ ˵
֣ɽΪȻص˵ͷǮ軪߲Ÿո꣬Ȼôĵˣ̨˽Ҫټʱգͱʲô¨ءҲ֣ɽҪǿ˵ԭ֮һȻΪҪԭΪ˶䱣⻰Ȼǲ˵ġ
һҲˣǰһ֣ɽ˵̨֣еæ֪Ƿԡ
֣ɽһĻԺЦ˻ȶԷ˵꣬˵λӣʲôֻܷԸֻҪ֣ĳģһû⡣
һǺһЦ֣ɽһƣȻ˵̨֣ǽһ˵
֣ɽ󣬿ĵسһһƣȻಽظڶԷǰȥ
ο̨ˣＱˣк̨֣㡭ҡ
֣ɽò׿һ˿תĶ˵Σ˶ԷкԺתŭ͸վ⣬ţ˵Ժת첽׷ȥ
һң֣ɽһӸ˳ֻ֣ɽһضһ˵촦ղǲ˼㽻飬һȥԺʵȥ졣ЧʲôģֻܷģһԶģֻ⹫Ƕһ¡
Ǻǣ̨֣İɣϸǵĹͽˡ⻹飬Ͳˣټһ˵߳ŶԷ֡
֣ɽæ˫һץסһ֣ʹҡҡȻתǰȥ
ľӪԺ֣ɽֱͦˣָֻı飬һ̨֮Ͼɡ
δ˿̲ᵽʲôж꣬ȻֻǶʮӵʱ䣬ǶԣֱȶʮСʱѰվǣҲǣҲǣ͸ʲôˣǽһҲҡ
ò׿̨Ƿ˶Ӱ˹æ첽ӭȥ
֣ɽԺɫһӳһԲȥοƣﳹˣһùŲڵ̨ǷǳŵڣΪ˵ŲΣǻ˲˼ûã飬ǵùѼˡ
ϳԺ֣ɽҲ಻סˣδɽϹˣʱôŲˣ֪Ӹ˶鷳
⻰ԺĶҷֱ磬ֻһصͷ˵̨ҵΣûйһ鷳ˣ֯ϸҴ֡
֣ɽһۣ˵㣬ƨã֪µжҪӦ䣬Ҫ˵ң쵼пܸǺ浹ùĻǿˡ
סˣȻ֪Ǯ軪һˣǾ벻Ȼءղ̨˵쵼пܸº浹ùζʲô֪֣ɽܹŻһСɫȫûҪ
뵽Ժսս˵̨ǸôأǱûͬһᣬ᲻ʹˡ
İɣû£һȥԺҪٿһ»飬Ǯ軪ǲʺ̨﹤ˣʵϰģĶĻĶȥ֣ɽ˵ȥԺټŲٿһ飬ȻԴ˵ŴѽһĿ찲Ų
˵ӻ飬ҪȥһĻ鲻Ǹ鷳𣿡ʵ
Խе㲻ˣղ̨˼ȻҪάôһתֳҪ˼ҵ̨һĻǸԼҲڣԷҪ׷ĻҪԲ˶ѽ
֣ɽεĻԺŭ˵Ǹӣ˼ĵӻû⣬Ǳһ¿ͨˣʹҪľǰ⵱еƸ˵ˣһĻҲǽˣûУ
Ժæ˵ͷæ˵ˣˣлָ̨㣬ȥԺҾ˵İ졣
Ȼô˵ȴΪȻúܣĶûû˵ֻͦĵģֻû¾ͺã˵ô˵Сһ
֣ɽԷ˼ˣͳֻ⼸̨˹ȥȻǮĸˣһ仰飬ǸӻҪģҪȻ˸˵һˡ
֣ɽԺһܾ칫ңϡء
½֪λϰҪԾشؾȥˡĹȻͬ׹ڲͻϵ飬½òʮֵľȥСӦԡҪٳӵĻе㲻˼λϰˡ
һ߽ȥԺվʵôǼһô˵ģҪǲеĻ취
ղѾһļƲ߸ģȲҪ֪Ľ
һ˶Էһۣ˵ôܲأ汻ϸŻˣҪʱĲѡҸ˵꣬һӦȻƨƨߵæȥˣҺƵģٺ٣
һĻԺã֮ɫ˵ȻڽܶˣȻйڸĴ˵ѽ
һ˶Է⻰ԺͬʱĬ˸Ż״
ܾ漴һҵЦЦöֱˡ
ЦԺͳֱɢһ֧Ȼ󿪿ʵˣǼһôأҪҿͰǺúһ٣⴫һϢԺĸ۵ĸҵ¡
Ժ󣬵˵ͷ뷨һ£˵⣬ⲻ˵ǣʡЩèٹңӦҲǸѡ


ٰ߰ʮ ʵ
һ˵ĻԺ󣬲ΪȻ˵ǲôе̫ǼһˣǸʿǺܶӵѽҿҲҪϹ󹦷ֱӰ͵ɳȥôôɣ
ϺһĻԺ󣬻һۣȻ룬Ե˵ͷһôȷʵһĵôϢ͵ɳȥʵ˾вʡ
һȻó˵˼Ц˵ȥɳҪΪܼʱҵǡôǻȥˣһҪɷʲôģǿɾͷѾˣ˭֪ʱȥĶɽˮȥˡ
Ϻȫһ⣬˺ǺһЦ漴˵ɳ˴绰Ͱ˴ȥôš
ˣšһ˵ɲһССɳܸ㶨ģǱ߳ĸ£ֱǿˣֻҪɳһͣҪ˰СʱǱ߾ܵõϢһ¶Է᲻֪µʱһ뷽跨ذ⼸̳ȥĻɾͲһССɳܶסˡ
һ£˵ҪҸ־ֵĳ¸ֳ绰Ӧܰڵƽ°ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳһ־ֳֵָܹסġ
ǡҾ͡û취ˡ˵˴򽻵һ㶼ӳģҲ͸죬˵ûʲôȡ
һĶԷļ˵û£磬¾ͽɣ˵ͳֻҵĺԺ󣬸Է˹ȥ
һҪǼһɳ棬ͨ˴ϰ彪͹˳ǣڰµģٺĹϵܲҰƷ־ֵľǿĻȻöԷΪˣһֳȥŸɣǲǰ˼ҷڻϿ
ֱӺϵûǿʲôˡʱͻٺͽĻֻҪһ仰оֵ˼Էɾ޻˵ˡ
Ʒ־о˫ͷ쵼ϵͳԣоֵӰҪһ㡣
ʱٺһúǲˬҲ֪ǿˣ˼ҲҲûʲô̫İ취
ιãһѽиСæ绰ͨԺһЦ˵ľġ
ϺһĻ󣬶΢΢һ㶣ȻڣӦʡĹԱǺϤġһкԺµ˶ԷݣϵͳģӦоֲģ죬Ǿֳ˾ͺ֮ˡ
֮ǰȻҲ֪һڵλòҲֻʡί֯棬벻ӦйһֵĹϵҲôղŴ绰ĿɲԷæӣֱѼһ㡣˵ˣϣҲزʿյĿ࿴ѽ
һܿ˺ͨЦŶ˵ˣ㶨ˣ⼸һҪһʱˣǺǣ
漴Ц
СʱԺά¾ʻ˻ŴĺţСӡкʹųĻĵһ𱻴ˡ˿̣Ѿعڼϡ
½һĻʱ򣬺ܳһ̽粫ϷҲò٣˻ѡ˸ߵشģϾô˵ˣʱţɲ⡣
ֻһ⣬оԵʵöԷٹҲ磬ĻͿˡ
һ˵·Ӧò˲׵ǾһǺһˡ뵽Ժ½еǰ˹Ŀ࿴˼Ǹһ棬ᣬȴϵ˲ò࣬ˮɶ
½˵ǿʵԺȻǿĲѣҪ˵ӪʲôģУҪ˵ڽЩ޲ߡڿԺЩֵĻҲҪȥʲô˼ˣȻоˡ
һϲҳبŲĹɡ˿̣λٶͷ֪ʲô״
վǰǸʮıŭʵȥ̽һȥ죬ھȻңʲôҲûп۾ƨˣǸûйȥأ
Ǿ⻰Ժæ˵λٶȥˣôʱ䣬ҲΪǴ̽һʼƻöԷǱǱи˷ŪȥĵӣһӾͰȫˣξҲ⡣Ķǲ˶˵֪ˡڻ֮ǰͨһȥһ˾ĶأҪϢĻֱӴҵֻ
⾭Ļ󣬹⣬׼ڣѾǰ˵ˣˣɵòǱһϢĻһҪڵһʱ֪ͨǡ˲һؽģˣ¾ȥɡˣֻ֪ҵ˼㶮ɣ
ľ⻰ԺæصͷȻתȥǸ鷳Ļ治֪Ӧˡ
Ժ󣬹Ž˵ܣ˵¾ôѽҪҪֺҰ֣ҪµĻ⿿Ǹ㲻ѽ
⻰Ժ󣬺ǲص˶ԷһۣԹҵʱ㲻Ҫô㣬ƫţڳˣˣǣ
ô֪ôȻܿϴȥ㡭˵ʱʶ˵©ˣæסͷ˵ˡ
Ӧǰ飬Ҳûע˵ʲôԷˣҲûѯʡ


ٰ߰ʮ 㲻
Ϻ͹˺Ƶںİ칫һṦ򣬷˵ɫ˺þã˶ûпڣǺڵ˵ϰֵĻء
ǰʱ䣬ڼֱܵ˾棬ʱ䰲һ㣬ӺúøǸƽ̨Ǯǰŵȥˣôɾˡ
ҵĵһ죬Ϊ˶͹˳ǽ糿¶һ棬ȻͰȫˡڿһ컹ûеأȻǳô飬ʲôûţʱ绰ȥĻе㲻֪οڡ
̻Ҹֶ˼ͷԺͻȻƵϺ͹˷ܲѣæһ
ŽûʧȻǸղλӵ̧ͷĴλٶһۣ룬ǴѹȻСϢ˵ӦǺмֵġ
뵽Ժæ첽ǰȥͬʱ˵λٶղŵϢˡ
ĻԺ󣬽Ϻ͹ѣ˵˵̽ʲôϢˣ
ѽھĶأϲ
Ļӣǵ⣬ЦҸղҵǸֵܻǸôһṦͰȫˣһΪҪ
ˣôĥߴЩϻ˵˸ص˵ŭ
ע⵽λٶϲõ̬һæǳԱ˳ŵģ˵Ĳ˵Щûõġ
ǰһСС˵λٶģҵЩǱǵĲֿ⣬̨˹ˣöǺˡ˭֪֪ԷͨʲôȻ˵̨쵼Ǹ߾ͱˡ½ԺĵشӻŵĺŰȫˣξ
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ȥԺ󣬽ϵһ֧̣Թ˵磬ҿֻҰֺˣ⿿Ļ϶ûа취ˡ
ѽҲǰ״ػش
ҪǶԷҪ˽˵ĻԼ㻨Ǯ漷һʲô̫⡣˶ѾþˣǾͲܸĶˣҪȥĻܻء
ܣҪ绰˵һ£ҰǣҲ֪Ҫ֪µĻҪҸ̻ˡŽ˵˵ֵ·Ҳ㣬ֻҪ֣С£ֵ
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˽ϵĻԺ֪Է˵Ҳʵ飬һٿ϶Ӳȥˣͷͷһʹһ㡣
뵽ԺԽ˵УܣȻĻǾͬʱ绰Ӧùƽ˰ɣ
ãϱ˵óֻ
ͳֻԺ󣬻һۣ漴㲦˸ϰֵĵ绰Ǽ򵥵ذ˵Ժ󣬲ض˳һҲҿԡҪڵ绰氤ܱİҪõöࡣ
͹˳Ǵ˿ڽİ칫죬ȻԸԶ˵ԺǾҲˣԼȥˣ֪ĪﶼҪֵĻкóһ·Ҫء
Ҷϵ绰Ժ˶һۣȻεҡҡͷղСڵ绰˵úأʵҲֻм˱ɳȥˡҲµĻǻ治˼ڰˡ
Ź˳˵ҵɳߣȽϤ绰ȥǵ˵һ£ҪûʲôĻͰǼСӷ˰ɡǿҵϲ֮գͲҪʲôˣĵԺ˵ɣ
Уʹ򣡡˳˵
绰ͨԺ󣬹˳ǰߵ򵥵ԷһܣΪ»һ仰顣
˭֪ɳȴ˵ܣ˵Դ绰ˣֵӦ͸ˣǽȴе⡣
Ŷ˳ʵ˵ϵܣѵʲôⲻɣ
ѽܣ֪ĵؽ͵˵ǼǷ־ôˣ˵ֻʱȷɳ棬ģǻ洦
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⻰Ժ󣬲ɵüͷ±ҪӵöࡣԷǱ߲ɳʹһĻҪڷ־ҵϵҲѲסֻҪǷԷһѡ
Թ˳˵ˣ»ɣҵҪԷǺηʥҾͲڰһĶֵϻսİڲƽ顣


߰پʮ 
˳ȻöԷ⻰е̶ɷϵ˵Է˵⻰Ҳ㿿סƾٺùϵ۰㲻黹ȷʵࡣҲôһֱΨԷհĸԭڡ
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УȻᣬ绰˵˰칫ϵֻҵԺ˷ͼ
ôȻ˳Ǯ٣˼ʹϵһ飬ȴҪǿࡣһʲô鷳£ջܰƽԹ˳ҲΨհϰߡ
绰ܿͨˣŵ绰ֵ˵ѽãǽѽ
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񽪻ڴ绰Ҳ绰ͷǰƹ־ֵ󸱾ֳҲͶԷһԹطҪ̸ĻҲôһ㣬Ե罪ͶԷֵܷϡ
лԺ󣬽һ˵֣еС£æ֪ܷ񡭡
ܣʲôֻ˵֮仹õ󸱾ֳ˶ԷĻͷŭ
˶Է⻰Ժ󣬺ǿģֻЦˬѽҲͲˡģȮӵļѺͱ˿һСЦҵɳ˸ˣִ绰æһ
ѽ󸱾ֳɻʵС¾ȻҪ㽪ԳǺǣСѽ
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Ҷ˵绰Ժ󣬽һԹ˳˵ˣѾӦˣӦûʲôˡھ͹ȥСӺúýѵһ٣ҪȻԺ˭йϸǲƨѽ
˳ΪȻӿ˵ã͹ȥС̫ˣҼǸϾҪСϴһ㣬㲻£ˡ
˱߱лͣԺ󣬲ŸϳһǰһλҵжεĻ˴ʻȥ
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˵ûˣһɣװģǰһԽ˵壬лСֶлˡ
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Сӽѵòˣ׼óֻ󸱾ֳȥ̫˽Щ˵ĸˣѾ㶨ˣҲҪȴ绰ŻĽ⣬ȥֻνС£ҪǴòĻܴǳصĺ
׼ţֻȴ͵öǰˣΪ˷ֹ绰ϰԵİֻ趨ɻģʽͲˡ
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½ԺæЦ˵ѽٶ̫ѸˣҸ׼绰㾹Ȼȴ̫лˣ
ܣȱæ˵лղ˵飬Ұ첻ˣ绰кɱѽ⻹е飬Ͳ˵ˣͣһݡ
绰ͷ󸱾ֳٵ˵ûȽͷѾҶ˵绰Ŷߴཱུæסˣʲô˼־ֵĸֳȻ㲻С£š
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ڽٴ绰ɾͲһˣʱ󸱾ֳˡĻȻʱˡûа˼Ұɣ˼һϢҪæٰﲻϵĻԺ˭أ
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µ绰Ժ󣬹˳ǿʵϽôˣб仯ֶ㲻𣿡
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˳ǳԺ󣬽׷ϽԺСʵѽ㿴ôźã
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˳֪˵ʵ飬֮ǰҲͶԷ¹̡֮ǰȥٺһˣȻŸ㶨ġ
ٺȻƽʱõĴһӣʲôʱ򣬶ԷҪʵݣŻġҲǽûڵһʱͶԷϵĸԭڵĹ۵ͨ;㶨ģȥ鷳Էʵ̫˵㡣
˳⻰ԺȻ׶Է˼ǿ˵ͲҪˣҪȥ׼һ˸


߰پʮ ͻ
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˷ӵĻԺҸһٺļ˱Խ͹˳ֱǰȥ
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£æͣ½ŲɵվڵĿٺ˴˳ղžʶܳˣֻﲻԸܣǰ龰ɲȥˡ


߰پʮ ɽ
©ƫҹָ꣬ٺӵأڵãԷȳˣƵҪײǽĸо
͹˳Ǹ״ԺҲװƣϳԺæ
ǰʻһԺ󣬽һû˵ĵطͣ˳ϨԺݵضԹ˳˵ϹڿôźãĪСҪԽȥĻɾ鷳ѽ
ʱʱ飿˳һֽŵؿʵͬʱǹش˶Էۡ
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ҲôѽҾôġžӵ飬ҪָĻ϶ûϣֻİ취ˡ֣ص˵
˳Ǳ⻰˵һƢҲûˣ˶ԷһۣȻѹ˵ٳˣǲ·СǾһС£ҲǮ£ҪݽȥĻɾʹˡ
⻰ԺŻȷʵ˳˵ٺˣȵùȻЩ꣬ǾǸٺŷҵģٺÿһ֮ƼѲ˸ϵֻҪԷһȵù˾Ī
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ѽǼͿ˰ɣ˳û˵ҪܿڵĻٺᱻλ֮ĹϵҪǿöࣿ
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˳ǵͷ˼һᣬԽ˵ѽε鲻ͬѽҪӦԲпݽȥĻĻᶼûˡ
ѽҲôġھǺôѽ
˵⻰ͬʱºܽҲأ⻹Ҫ˵ѽھ֪ô졣
˳Ҳ˶ԷĲͷæ˵ҿµֻʮΪˡ⣬Ӧñˡ
˵ߣŵؿ˵мңй˾˵ĻЩôأ
˳Ǵ˿쳣侲ȶԷѻ˵Ժ˵ҪǲߵĻ˿ɾˣ˶ûˣҪ˾𣿡
Ժ󣬴סˣ˺һԺһķ̣˵УߣɽڣûգȶһԺӻġ

һϡ½һֱæʮҲͣæȥ̻ʹкˡ
ȻһûٳϵѣĿ治ҲʶǸںæк
ĳϣȻǱزٵģһϡ˵ľҲȵ߲ˡ½Ůʿټϸմ׹ˣʶԲû˺־ƣֻǺһ˼һ¡
ۻˣؼˣ½ڽ̻ʹ濪䣬Ǿ׼ҹˡ
ȥݸ裬һʵе㲻ԸȥסԷʢһΪѵвȥ
˿̣Ϻ͹ڰ칫ûлȥ˴˿̾;ĸһ㣬֪ǺáôҲ벻ףһлǺúõģôһ֮䣬ͷ˷츲صı仯أ
֮ǰǻΪԼ鵣ģ˵ϰֹȥڲƽ¡˭֪ڰСʱ֮ǰ˷ֱӵ˽͹˳ǵĵ绰ݴͬС죬˵Ҫȥ̸һʴ⣬ƶʱ֮ڻزˣԺۡ
ӵ绰е⣬Ҳû̫ȥ˵ĸǰǴ˵绰ڵ绰һǵĸ׾ʲôˣôͻȻһǮˣʲôҲû˵
ʶأٲ򽪻͹˳ǵֻʱȴѾػˡһͻȻʣ治֪ǺãҪȥһ£ʲô£˰죬Ҳ֪˭ȥ֮£ֻôڰ칫̡
һҹ˶ûлؼңڰ칫۵Сۣһᵽʲôжꡣ
һһ˯÷ǳ̤ʵ֮ǰȥǸ⡣Ժˮһݣȫɣ˵˼ʦһװĦһʱ˯ˡϽתŻظԵķϢ
Ҳ֪˶ãһͻȻϢѽôģǿӵԺ֮䣬һùֻĻɨһ£ԣֻ壬е绰ˡ
½Ժ󣬶ŻͲ֧˵һ䣬ιλ
ιãһ촦𣿡绰ﴫһСѯ
һ⻰Ժ۾ֻ˵ãһλ
Ȼ˵ʱƽ͵ģȴֹ˭һ绰أɲǹѽ


߰پʮ С
Էһ϶ĻشԺæ˵촦ãҵɳСף߷һ飬㱨һ¡
£Сףһ汻ƺˣһЦŬ˺һԺ󣬲ӲǱ˻ȥֻ˵ǰɣһᣬʲô飿
֮϶ԷҵɳΪղŶԷ֡⣬ĻԲ˵ġܲµ˶ԷݣһǾú֣Էɳڵ֯Ƿţ༰ģ㱨һ˵أ
绰ͷİԷһڵݣﻹͦġ֮ǰ˽ûдᶨ˽⵽ǸԷ㱨˼
ŵ绰˵촦ôǴǼһҹҺļͬºúġ˺ҹʱеŲסˣȫˣһһﻹһص
һ⻰Ժһ㶣Է⻰е֮ܳ⣬æֻ˵ʲô飿
ȻԷôĿĺڣǰӦþûʲô⣬ҲֱԲطˡ
һ£ŵ绰˵촦е㸴ӣ֪Ķأȥ㵱㱨һ¡
һҲϽˣԷȻ˵úתһӾе˼ԷǸЩڵ绰治˵Բ˵Ҫ㱨ġһЦ˵̫ˣ֪ڲȥݷһ¡
촦̫ˣĳɵ𡣡æ˵
û£һ£͹һ˵߹Ҷ˵绰ԷղȻûֱӻشһ⣬˿һأһ˵ǡ
һ˺ģԺ󣬼򵥵ϴһ£Ϳűɣֱҵɳȥˡһ·ϣͷԶ¡ڳ˸㲻ôĿģԷ˵ЩӦöûʲô⡣
겻øѶƹЩɳȻҲǱҲ˴£֤һָͷҲ㣬ȴûûҹѶʣͬʱô׳ݶգ۾Ƥһ¶ܡ
һ㣬ܿסģûм͹ȥǼͻǸǾԿסġ£ǽһʲôҲͲΪˡһֵǣǽĶȻԼйϵе벻ͨˡȻͽϡйڣòƺ챻ɳǼһﲢ޽ӣ֪⾿ô¡
һһͷˮ˿ȴĲѣ˳ǵĵ绰ԺͶԽ˳ǺͽٺĹϵǿɲһĺãڰɲʲôܡ
£ǿֳȻǵ˸ر𽻴ûˣҪǳĻΨʡ
Ժ뷨跨شеԭ򣬹򲻸ˣոºʡί֯һһĴйϵһߵĻǿǴ洦顣
ԺжھسǵᣬȻҪúһӻŴǼһ賿ĵңЩһﶼסˣľԭԭ˵˳лǸξǽһмֵ
澭һȨԺ󣬾һϵһ£εĺǸԲм١һĻҲԽˡ
ɳſڵԼһң濴һɣɳſ̨ͣɣе㲻ԾһֿĶ⡣ûĥиƿ˳
״æӭȥЦ촦ǰ档벻λ˾Ȼ࣬뵽ղŻԳСףеĸо뵽˼ҵļǣҲȻⲻ˵־һ
һԷĻԺæǰЦ˵ãҾһлˣ
⻰էһеĪȴ֪˼ΪԼ鰾ͨ죬һʱʾһ¸лҲ֮С
ԷȻ࣬ȴûٵ־Ĳ񣬲ɵö˼׽֮⣬ֽסԷ֣ͬЦ˵촦Ӧģϣܶ
Ǻǣ̫ˣûаĺ⣬ĳˡһЦ˵⻰ʵΣԷƬ֮ģҪˡ
һĻԺ󣬰ϵЦݸˣһһ֣һĶȻ˵촦룬ǵ˵
һ˵ͷͬһơ
칫ԺиƯŮһ衣һһлԺ󣬺ͰһɳϣȻͳһ֧ȥæͳΪȺ˻
һԺ󣬲һѯʣֱӿ˵촦ôҲ٣㱨
һԺʾԷ˵ȥ
̷̻ҸϣС˵촦֪ϲʶһвģ䶼Ǳߵġ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һǻ˰һ֪֮٣֪ǰλɳô֪ġÿɷֻǰڳһϴļơ
Էûзϣ￪Ĳѣ˵Ǹεľûкȷǰλйϵش֣ԷһȤģһĻλ촦벻鶼ˣȻɵ⡣


߰پʮ 磬·ÿ
ǰ״Ժһλ콻ϸһת
һ˿̤Ьٴȫѹĸо֮ǰΪ˸̸һ𱻶µ飬ɷѿģȻҵ˲ˣ鲢ûоʹ˽ҲֻܹˣҵҲ㵽Ϸֻǲ֮ͬһһһֱһ졣
԰˵֪ܷȥһξ仰
䣬æ˵촦Ҷźˣ룡
һ⻰Ժ󣬳ŶԷ˵ͷʾм߱룬һĽɫһҪھǿǰһ£ҲѶԷΰǰæµ
һ绰ԭˣԷһʲô;̽ݣԲŻɡ
һѶǸξһңˣһлԺ󣬱ݳ뿪ˡ
Ŀһĳ뿪ʱ͵طֶԷĳƾȻǾģһǺţ֡Ϊһ죬ھƣһ˽ģԷϵ⸱ӣܸͨġ
Ժ󣬰û˸ɾԺһҪදԽǶ˵׼ԺһҪһˡ׼ؼϢһµģϾһҹȻ࣬Ҳôڣ뻹ˣֱת칫ȥ
һݳɳԺֱѧʻȥˣ֮ǰǹ˸ģĿľΪ衣ȻѾӦ֮ߣûбҪ˵һ
ʥСԺһóֻ貦˹ȥҶϪͮѾͷڣе㲻ôҹȥŮˬ쳣ЦҪ˵ԲһҲġ
ӵһĵ绰ܿģ˵ԷѾСˣæΪ˷ֹһģǿһ䣬ҶϪͮüڻϼȥˣһᡣ
һ˵һԺæץһ·ȥϴĿ˯£ǱȽ͸֣ϴ˹ֵʱһġĶ˼һǻˡ
ԺǰҶϪոĽʲô˾ϲŮԸһ㣬һ㣬һ㡣Ļ˵ֻҪסһ㣬ûòˡ
뵽Ժ˻·뷨һһ˹ģʱûеڳԸһ㣬Ǹ
뵽ԺϺߵĻһ㣬ͷ߻ط䣬Ŷֽصȴһĵ
һ˵ѾͷڵʱһֱӰѳʻȥͣóԺֱ¥ȥĶѸ٣Ȼ֮䲢ûʲôϵСһã˿ʵ
306ſһֻŵģæƿţһʱԺﲻɵø̸ֳĻʱ龰˵ص˲⣬ҲҲκˡ
ͷһԺһվԺ̧ͷ˵裬Թ緹ˡ£
һؿǰ裬ѾǸղ˵ĻˡǰһĻ̫ˣ˿һϮɫıɴֻǿǿסȣ浭ɫһĿȻ⡭⡭һ۾Ҳŷŵĵطˡ
迴Էľ̬ݸһЦʵ磬·ÿ𣿡
һ룬Ķ·ѽֱջ˷ѽ΢΢̧ͷε˵ÿÿ
ȻÿĻΪʲôѽ˵
һ룬˵ǷϻĶѽ滹棿⻰Ȼֻ룬˵裬ҽе˵һ£ϴ¥Ǹ
һæת˻⣬Ҫ۸ղǸĻԼǲܿƵסǰһĻ̫ջˣԷһӣԼһ̲סֱӰѶԷ¡
˿ʵҲŲѣչʾԼһΪ̫ḡղǼ仰Ҳǹʳġڼһѻ˱𴦣ҲһɿĸоֻǸղ̫ţûԷ˵ʲôֻЦ˵˵ʲô
һ󺹲ѣһֻۣðѸղŵĻظһ顣
עˣһ˵꣬æʧ˵ҺûйϵϴԺֹҼΣҶûֱҶϪȥˣûйϵѽ
һ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵֪ûйϵֻһԸˣҽ˵ǰʱˣ졭
һ漴Ϸһתֻȥ̸꿵ݣֻ˵Ǻ͵Уһʦȥ¡Ҫ˵⻰Ҳȷʵ̸ȥµģֻǴ˰£Ǳ˰¡
ǸȻ˶סһͶ֣ˣŭ˵һ治ˣȥ˵꣬׼ȥ
һ״˵ôȥѽ
⻰Ժ󣬶ʱߵͨ죬æתҪȥ·
һ״Ц˵²ȥˣѾöԲˣ׼ȥʱ䣬ûʲôɣ
æ˵ôأȥʮꡢźأʡӬƵģ˸ǰҽУˡ
һ󣬺ǺһЦûٶ˵ʲô
̸ˣôţ˶ΣһȥԸ緹ʲôģȻʲô·͸ˡ
һ죬˶һһò̫ʣҲܾ̾һֱʮӲȥߵ׼ͶԷȥӲȥһӰ


߰پʮ ȫʡ
죬һ˺衢̸꿸һ⣬æµš˵һ⣬ʱ䶼Ƿƽ˾ġ
ϣӦ̨ƵڻƽʱβһĿǶ⾺ǵĻ췢ڻӫ
СӺеɳܵĲɷã̬ȺõòУûκ֪ģͲӣȫ˳
һ㣬һǧɣƽܵĺӪҵҲû򣬽Ϻ͹¥˼ˡ
ٿԱĻ飬һֱʮ࣬Ҳû˵Ȼֻεɢᡣ
鵽Ⲣûн˺һ磬𴲣ͱ־ֵ˸ˣ˵ҪЭһӡ
ϽӵϢԺȥһæ˼죬ҲûκЧҪ˵ѹ̳ǻǮ棬ûгɹ˼ֻһǵϢ˵˺
ǻ˼Ļʱ֮ǲˡ
ڽԺһͰӸϺѾ㶨ˣȻûٹȥıҪˣҲʹܾǱߵ飬Ļܻ鷳
ʮžҪȥˣҪ׼
һҪܵҪǾýԱ߸ؼУҲǼöǡԭͤݡ׸Ҫܽϵ߸У̩Ӧ졣
һ׸Ժ˸Ҫ߸УɴһһУٽڵǸ¾Ϣͳ鶽Ϊ˶ͲҪǺϵģұִУԾֱö
ٽʱһͽӵ˾ǿĵ绰Ѿ㶨ˡһԷһлԺ˳һҵɳ顣ϴδ绰Էʱ׼ˣ˵Ժˡ
ǿ˵֪ˣҵҲжʱˣȷʵһЩˣл촦ټ
һЦ˵֣˵ҿɵѽ鷳㣬е㲻⡣
촦绰ңǿңлأ̸鷳һ˵ǿæ˵
һûٺͶԷִȥΪԷ˵Ҳʵ顣Щ飬Ҫ绰㣬Ҳһ仰¡Ļջ䵽ǿͷϣһȴûʲôϵˡ
ֱ֮Ӹǿ绰һ治Էһ쵼ѹ˵ĸоһҲԷȡһǰ˵ʱ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһͰѼͺ˽ȥʱ㹻ˣ᲻ٻص¶˵ԱѼͺйúöһĴӪǧɵ÷ˮĻɲ浹ûʲôˡĻԿ
׸һȥʱ֮ĹϵǺǢģĶԷڱʹҪķ޹ɶˡɺ֮Թ˶֪޹֮ìܣȻһ˶ϹӳԲ
ʼʱ޹Ϊ˸׸ͷһ˼ӣһûǵĵ˳һԺ֮ӾˣҴԽԽ˼
ΣҪȥüµʱ䣬޹ƷڱСĻҲǲܵ飬ѼͺйϸһҲǷδȻˡ
ʮʮһ磬һ׸ͷֱ˳ˣֻһϣһԺֵˡ·;ңԶǰԽҰ»ʻоˬࡣ
ϴڱĳɫ֣һǵҪ»ģ˾ĽѡȻһ㣬ȴˮ̣طȥԺ˼һ˼ġҲʲô£쵼һ㶼ʵģһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˡڲͨ˾˵ǺġǲȸЩ˾ˮģĻᣬ˭ϧˡ
ƾٴιе쵼ۣ˵ܰѱƸˣǿϵڱĺ£źǣ˼Ҫ»ˣֻվһĽķˡ
һ֮ǰѾͺ÷ˣǰȥԭͤУҾʹݣȥʣµСҪһ˼ں÷˵ôŶԣҲû뷨
֮ǰһ˺÷ϾһȥǴʱ䣬һŮͬ־һ̯ӵȥ
÷󣬵̬û⡣һɲʱǺ÷ΪĵʱΣȻϣڶԷȥ
ڣ˻Ů˶е׷ģ˭ѾĻأ÷ȻҲ⡣ڿǰȻûзĵ
ڻʡߣӦȥҪСʱĳ»һ˼ʻĻӦҲû⣬Ͼɵľһǲģڷ극ԺϢһᣬ󻻶Էˡ
»龰ǳжһһл
ʱѾˣ˶ۻˣ˵ˣôʱĳһ·Ҳ˳Բ
Ժѳһҿȥ㲻ıǰѯһһȻֱͣ˹ȥ
סԺ󣬼˱Խ˷䣬Ǻ֮ǰڱһǿ䣬һͺ÷һ䣬ͳ»һ䡣һûкĻɾԵ̫ˡ
һ׼˯ģɵԺ󣬴򿪵һᣬȥˣҲʹ˯뷨


߰پʮ ֻǲ
ԴӱԺʡɲжʡٳǿɲһĴ󡣵мٶԴ˶ǳӣ˭ҲϣԼĵͷ¡Ļʡ⻹ģҪˣɴñҲûпܡ
ڴҶڴȻȥ֯ͷģʵȴʡί˼һĻ˭ǹײأǲ
ĴŵҲûݣʡͷԪīз磬ڹУһЩͬĿλ죬ī˶ˣԪȻŹĻᡣ
ֱ£ʡί֯͵ظһɲжͲ˲ֲˡʡί֯޿ǳԪˣڻٳǹܡȻϴ޸ԺҲҪ˶ˣΪиõĹޣϴһѣҲûпܡ
ĴȻҲһĶ棬¬Ĺϵ֪ĶһҪöࡣˣҲЩ˵Ķ뷨䲻˵ȫȷҪ˵һ㲻ԵĻȻҲ۾˵Ϲ
ĵӣһµطԺ󣬹Ƿǳ˳ġȻҲһЩʲôģǶĽʷ룬˭ȥ뷽跨ظˣľӿǷء
ʡί쵼Ĺ۵˵һ־ʮôжأʮһֻ²ֹɣ
ôһñӿ˭ϴգǲڿ˼ЩûõĶʵʵذѹãҲһµʱ䣬ҹ˯Ҳʮѡ
ʵҲ⿴־棬һ¬֮ǰĶڶˣûҪͳʹģǱŸģֻһߣҪݸˡ
ͼԭԺѾʮѮˡ
ǰһͽӵ֣ĵ绰ԤٽˣһʲôʱȥǷ֮飬Ա
һеΪѣǶ鳤˵뿪뿪ģǱ߲ȥȻҲǲеġԴӻԺ󣬾һֱĸչˣڼˣɷģҪٲȥе˵ȥ
һ޹һкԺʮʮյʱ򣬸˷ʳǡʱ򣬼ԭеĶ鹤ѾˣֻҪ׫дʲôģһͰ½÷ˡ
ⱨԺȥͤԺǰҪ͵طίͨһ£ȡǵ֧ϡ
һĻͿһڵʱ䣬һȥǳˡҲ֣ܿߡŷʱûߣһֱΪϣ֣ݣĻɷеְ̫ˡ
һʳԺȫ˶ܿģ֣ḧС˵ְˣЦһ
ĸһ߿Ц˵ɵѾͷӻûأĶЦˣҲֻޣЦأ
֣ĸ׵ĻԺ󣬺һЦ
֣ŮվһɵЦǳһ֣ص˵Сӣҹһ£иϢҪ㡣
һԷͯı飬󺹲ѣĿһֱ쳣ɶʱ򾹳ģ˺ܲӦܾ⣬һǴ󲽸ڶԷ棬鷿ȥ
ߵ鷿ſڣ֣ͻȻͣ˽Ųתϰǿһۣŵһ˵˿ˣǸѵģٺ٣
£һ⻰ʱ˵ɶСѵġǶкһ׳ƣںһҲ˵ֵǣеǾ䡰˿ˡе⡣
ĹδӤǽֹԱģҪ˵֣ĸ߼쵼ˣͨϰҲġ벻Ȼ͵͵˼е˾
֣һϵıԺɫ͵һдʵ˵ôʲôԵģôֲʲôĿģֻǰ֪һ£ʲôԵģǽ
£һ⻰Ժ󣬳ʯˣҲԣүӵ˵Լûκ⣬һ˽ˣ֮λ޴ѽ
һ֪ϣ޷ͶԷͨˣЦ˵֣˵öԣȷʵûʲôֻ缸֪ʵѡ
֣⻰Ժ˵С֪ܸģ⻰Ұ
һ񺹲ѣʲôʱ⵹ĴˣС
֣ɷһƵ߹ˣЦ˵һôˣֺ˵ʲôˣôӣ
ŶûûʲôˣôԲԣһæת˻⣬Цʵ
ѽˣ֣һ˺ӣæĵشвСʱҪȭŵһǺǣ
һ΢Цӵֱذ֮Ȼ
ˣǰ죬һλҽϸ˿ɽˣûκ⣬С첲СȿоˣǺǣ֣Ц˵
һ⻰Ժ̧ͷ˿ֻ֣Է緸˴Сѧһ㣬ͷ
֮ǰһͺ֣ˣкŮǶǰȥעӵԱ𡣸ղ֣Ǹк֪һǶԷ֣ģڿȻˡԿǷ񽡿Ϊڣƭ֣ȥļ飬Ȼҽ˺ӵԱ
һղĻԺ󣬾;ú֣պͨ绰Ҫ֪ӵԱĻûɲѽڿ֣͵͵ȥģѹˡһĸҲдΣҲһߣֻ֣ڹˡ


߰پʮ ϲù
һʳǵĵҹСһͲסįҪˣ֮ǰһϣ֣͸ое㲻Ծס˰ʡҽԺ
֣ǣҽԺȻҵһа߹һ׼ԤһԴֻһЦֻ֮ӣֲʲô˵飬ҲҽԺͽܴһʲôĻǿɳеΡ
һ˳賿ĵңСһ׼ʱ˳֣÷һļˡ
ʿԺЦس֣˵׳ϲˣĸƽܽа˽ϲˣ
֣⻰ԺЦúϲ£죬׼ֽӹӣ÷Ѿǰ棬ﱧ˹֣һۣ˵վһȥᱧ𣿱ţ
ʿڵĶԻ̲סҪЦɵ֣棬е㲻ңӲţӿȥɲһܡ
÷ӹԺ󣬶һ˵һһҺȰѺ͵ȥˡ
һ󣬵˵ͷ
֣ϰݿȥֻ߱С˵ϰ飬ұҺС׽һ£
һᱧӸճʱһҪע⣬㻹Ǳˣ÷ǲضϰ˵
ôᱧ֣˵⣬ͻȻСһ۵һ÷״Թ㿴Ҫź˰ɣĻͲˣˣ
ûãôң
ĻһѾˣˣڱźȥˡŹԺһӵĿ⣬ʲôˡеⲻڵִҲүүԺˡ
꺢Ժĵ죬֣˼ҡ֣˼ס죬֣ʵڲԸˡһ쵽ݷãǸ̽ؼǣЩһʶʵӷˡ
Ժ˵Ի˹ôҪҽԺöˡɵ˻Ͳˣ֣ڰĵλȻ˭뵽ԵġЩҸоģ֪Ѷˡ
һǺ޳ϱľҽԺȻʩʲô޿ޣģȷʵڴ˺СϢǻؼҰһ㡣
ҽԺ棬һһֱæչ޶ϢòǺܺáصԺĸȥ¥ϵĿͷȥ˯úϢһ£ôſɲСһܾģϾʱ䲻ȻˣͶһ㡣
֣һ˼˵һİɣҺëëû£˵ɩҲչǵġ
ëëԺ󣬸С֣ɩ֣ҵıķ֣סԺ󣬺÷ġ
ĸӶô˵ˣһȻپܾǱ¥ϵĿͷȥ֮ǰɩͰʰ÷ˣڴϾ˯ȷʵˣգ۹򣬷
ڶһ磬һǱ֣ѵġʵ˯ۣһ۽վĴǰһһ飬æӴһԾ
һˣ֣˵̾Ҫϵྩȥ׳̫ãοͦȥˡҲˣͻȥɣҪĴ㣬ǧҪʲô
һղſվڴͷظоһǳˣڿȻô¡Ȼ˯ѣͷеκģĻúġһۣæ˵֣֪ˣȥæɣҲ׼ͻȥˡ
ãõģǧסҪͷʲô벻׵ģԼĥĥ¬ʱ϶ҲڻˣԼġ֣һ˵
ŮǺģûκ⣬һǳʱڣѶԷñлɳˡ¬үһ뿪Ļôе¬˵һǳϾĿ飬˶ʮֵľһ˵ˡڸ㻴ȫʡĶ飬ˣʵķǱġ
һĻԺиоأһۣ֣صص˵ͷȻᶨ˵֣İɣ
УҾˣһᣬú˵˵Ѿ֪ˣͲҪ˵ˡ֣˵ȥ
һ׼úÿһ¸ô֣˵˭֪ߵԷǰȿˣһỴԺһҪСһ㣬¬үүֲ֧סˣ¬ǿ϶ҲྩˣǱһҪѽ
һ󣬸еһݴδйصѹ˼ͷɵЦЦȻӵ磬˵û£ϹһעģΪëëҲһúõġ
֣ɷĻԺص˵ͷˮѾۿתˣǿţû
С֮ʱĸ÷˹
ղǰϢŮ³ԺŮͷѹᣬûҪЩС棬ˡ
СһۣȻһ˵һָղŷ˸Ÿңת㣬ʱ䣬й޹˵û׼˵һ£ǰǧͱʲô¨ӡ
һһӸ㲻֣еһʲô˼һڴӦԺ÷˵裬֪ˣİɣ⣬鷳ˣʵǳ鲻ʱ
ô軹ѽŮëëչǻ쾭飬ֻҪԼþˣģͲҪˡ÷Ů˵
һ˵ͷȻתȥˡǷཱུСݺһڣСһ˯ˣһװŪˣĻɾ鷳ˣָͣ뻹ˡ


߰پʮ ôĵ绰
һ緹Ժ󣬾ͼݳӦˡ
ڳǰˣ첻ȥͤˣȸϵӦ죬Ȼһȥ޹١
ʱٵʱȻ⣬ֻǴһ绰Ҫˡʱͬˣ޹֮лԹԷҪǽһĻǿɹúúһģԲԷᡣ
һһ·϶ĥĸתһʼʱ򣬶Է֮ûж˵ȻʱҲûʶ˻Ժ󣬹ͷ侲ˣһϸķ͵óǸˡ
ȻǰܹΪʲôأһҲ볢һй޹ģһҲֻҪ¾ˡȻڴ˸ȫʡ飬ǿɲ˵顣Ȼ˵˲㣬ǾµĻҲȥеΣҲһ
ôҲ벻׵ǣôү뿪Ļԣһ£ƺô붼ǲܵ顣¬Ĺϵʡ˵˲֪¬үһ£ǶԣӰǷǳġӰֻǻģǺõģǴԴҲ벻ףνĺºδ̸
֮ǰ¬ͺһүӲˣҼпܻʺǶֵĵطпܾǻʡֻ¬ҵΧԽΪ֣׿Ч
һĻ־ơ¬ҪܷǳϾĿ顣ģһҲûϣղ˵ԣܻһ£˼ˡڵǣô¾㲻ʲô֣֮ҲԺͺմϰߣ˷ѽ⡣
һСʱԺһھˣĵؿ־һֱ뵽ӦĻδ֪ѶˡֺĹٳֱֱˣԺ󻹵üǿѧϰֻвϽ̭ܲ
һӦԺѾˣ˭ҲûдţֻСſڣһ뵶棬ͻص˼һԺ󣬾˯ˡ
һʱ䣬æģǶ飬¬뿪Ժ࿴ŵ飬ҪСĵȥӦԡЩֻҪõԲλĺǳأ޷ء
ڶһ磬һ޹İ칫ʱ򣬶Է֡ʼΪһʲô˵ѯԺ󣬷ֶԷֻǹٵġ޹ú֣ҲϹˣûбϣŰ¾ȥˡ
һ೵ȥͤУΪȻȥȽϷ㣬ԽĹԣȴһ׸ѡѳֱӷڵλ˳ȥ
ͤȻӦֻһٶ๫ľ룬ڵȳģһǵʱѾٽ硣ǰͳ»ϵһ£öԷֱӵ;վҲʡ˲ʱ䡣
׸еˣҲһһһж˳˵һ˳֮ǰļƻһվӦǹԴˣǻʡ֮磬Եĺõط
׸ڹȥ֮ǰȴһ绰޹һԷ㱨һǶ٣һҲΪк޹ǴӹԴгģ˲֪׸ġȻ˶ͷ˾ķ֮ûɲȸ֪һġ
׸Ҫ֪޹Ļ㱨ָʾˣҲȥ绰ġ
޹׸Ļ㱨Ժ󣬳ĬһᣬȻý˵׸ҶˣЩҾͲЩˡԴе⣬һ̯ӵĹʡи쵼ͬ־ܲ⣬ǼȻȥˣҪĺúÿһĿԵظУ⾿ô¡˵һѵõĻᣬһҪסѽ
׸⻰ԺԴغߣ޲óԼͣѾǷ飬û´绰׼
ղѣԷίһϾ޹ûرͻ£Բȥ׵ԷġǿǵڸԼҲڣαأ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ׸ʶԼһôǵĴֻǵ޹ǴӹԴнʡί֯ȴιġ
꣬޹ڹԴеʱ򣬾Ǹгˣںʤ᳣гĹУʡ˴ε쵼İ£Žʡί֯θƽˡ
±ǨתƣԺʤѾǹԴеίǡгˣ޹Ȼʡί֯ĸûϡ
Щ£Ȼ޹δ׸˵Ǵ֪ЩϢһ˾ƺ׸̽䣬޹ʤһĲֵԷǻ֣ɴ˿ɼ֮ӽж
Ȼ׸֯ﻹҪ޹ıϢҲԲԸȥʤ˼һ֮ʡҲǷ⽮ˣֻһССƾʲô˼Ҷأ
֪ΪΪ֮ɵӲŻ飬޹Ѿѻ˵ˣҪʲôҲĻƺҲе˵ȥΪѡ
ã绰޹ӦҲ֮ڴ绰ġ뷨ڶԷȻǴһ졢ˣȻĻһһ˵ġ
仰˵飬׸Ƕ㲻ȥģֻһȫ֮ȥӦˣ⻰˵򵥣ҪȥĻ̸ס
޹ģǾζҪȥʤа壬ͷɶ˻ûʲô̫޹ģǶԷһǨŭпֱܻӷһĻ֯㱻ˡһĻǽѣһСĵĻͻУ԰Ρ


ڰ˰ 
һͤԺĵ죬֣ྩϢ¬үӵĲȶˣǲֹۣҲһʱ⣬ǰĿӦò
ϢԺһһϢ¬Լ֮ص˵һٺûеϢˡ
¬үӵһ첻һ죬Ҷ֪һΣ̫һ㣬ҶûӦ׼ڲסˣڶʱ֮ڲʲô⡣
һĻͺðˣııòֵĲ֣ɵ׼صĹˡгһүֲ֧סˣǶ¬ϼ˵Ͳ̫Ӱˣٲᵽ˽ǵĳ̶ȡ
׸ҲڹԴչ˹Ѿˣʤǲܵģ޹ҲҪһ۲һ£һĻʤ߲̫ðЩϸ֦ĩڵ⣬û̫Ӱ죬޹Ǳߣ׸ҲԽˣҲǰնԷҪȥˣʲôأ
׸뵽Ժ󣬲мְԵɾȫİ취
׸صʵԺеɵˡ۲⣬򵥣Ҫ̸סⲻ̫СĻ޹һ˹أһ۾ܿڷأ֪Ҳ̫󣬷Ϊһ֮ʤһưոݵġ
жܵʡί쵼עģ˭ԸԼĨڣʤǼˣԷпܻ󶯸ɸģ׸ԲԸ⿴Ľ
ʶʱ׸еͷĸоȻ¾Բ̸ֽܽģҪ˳ضȹһѹأؼҪ׼һڣȻִеĹУһҪպû
Ժ׸ʹƿͻɯɯˡ
ƿʱһֱڹע׸ǸڶԷˣڶıνֱӾյȥȻûʵ¬Ѿȷ̬鹤Ժ󣬽ĻᣬͰȥˡӱԺ¬ɫһ飬ƼϵһֱĻƹĿǰԷѾ¬߿չˡ
˵֮ףһҪסҲڶ˿иԭڡ
յԴеʱ׸֮ǰжʱ濪ʼʱƿظоԷ¡ھʲô£޴ӵ֪ˣֻаԼһҪ⣬ԷԷʲôʱںɾͱˡ
ǰ죬׸ƿͻɯɯֱλ˶顣֮ǰҵĹ״̬Σǹȥʱ˵Ĺ״̬ûл˵ɾʮ㣬ɯɯϵ¼˺öľͷ
׸ǰƲѣȻԴߵ׼÷ǳ֡Ҫҵ֮ǰֲ۲̸ף׸еҪĸоúúõضһԽ
һ磬׸ƿͻɯɯԴԵȥˣȻֱ˼׼֣Ҳû˼絽ȥȻ˵»صһĻҲջ񡣾ջһ׸Ҳֻôˡ
ѾˣջǲеĻҲûа취ˣܲûȥɣûôĵӡĻʧȥ޹ΣܱȶɴñҪǿ
û£Ӳ˼ˮʤʵŹأȻķˡʱ޹ҪӦĻǻǺõģҪӦĻյùĿ׸ûҪԼɴñȥֺ޹עһⱾ
׸ԽҰڤ˼롢Ȩ֮ʣС¼ųͻȻǰ澹Ȼ³ˡ⵹һ˾ֵߵǱ٣˵Բ³ġ
·Ҳ꣬ǹԴеԵصΨһͨŹ͸ٵͨͱˡ·ʱ򣬻˲СĴۣô·ǺܲģԽҰʻ棬ʮֵġ
Ϊʲô·׸뷨ģ뿴еĲΪעĵطǲǻһЩȤĶȻʲôҲһǶ˵ջ
׸óǰʻʱæյ۾ʵС£ôͣˣʲôˣ
С⻰Ժæ˵账㿴˵ǰָָ
С»ش֮ǰ׸Ϳǵĳǰͣһũ
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С³ͬʱƿҲƿ˳ţ׸˵账Ҳȥ
ƿС²ǰȥ˸ǰһŷǱģũֳһڳʧ꼰㡣
ƿ̧ȥֻʮũģˣŮ٣סţ
ԼţʲôζҪǵǣͬͬ⣿
ҼҵʮֻȫˣҶԵģ
ҼҵĻƹȥӱߺ˵ˮؼԺ󣬾Ͳˣ

ƿСԺ󣬻һۣ룬߰Ķ˵ʲôѽǼǹģĶĶ
С¼Ÿ·ǰһʻ˵λʦ鷳ǰԱŲһŲǼŸ·أ
·ͲмһͦټȫΧˣũȥ͸˵ӴԽҰˡ
һСµĻԺתε˵λϰ壬ҲˣڲǲߣǲߣҲûа취Եһ£Ѿȥﱨˣ쵼һͻ
С⻰ԺȻҲ˵ʲôˣƿһȥ


ڰ˰һ ˵
׸˻ˣǴ򿪳ôѯʵĿ⿴ˡ
С¼״æǰһѸղſԷһ㱨ΪʵġƿȻֻǶԱ׸Ĳ£ʵ֮¼ĹϵҲֻ൱㱨֮ĹȻ˾Ϊһ㡣
׸СµĻ㱨Ժֻǰһظо˵ӦǸͨղСµĻ֪¾ԺѲ˸ϵ뻷ܲġȻȥ󣬵Ҫúˣܸһõġ
Ժ׸˵ߣһȥɣΧôˣһֳһȺ¼ǿɾ鷳ˡʱǶпܸںꡣ
˵ƿţӳ
ɯɯС׸˵أɵýǸڶԿ۲˵Ҫ̵ܴôĻǵҲˡҪʲô飬ٰʲôģǲŽеùѼأ
˿׸⣬ƿȴͷǰȥһ£Ҳ֮У׸Ӳǰ˵Եе㲻ˣҪ˵ǱĵĻҲΪ
ƿ߸˺ţע׸ӶԷľͶ֮ͿԿһ˿Ȳ֮顣俴ףԷ˱ֵԭ򣬵һԿ϶һ¡ھʲô£Ҫϸ۲һܿһ߳ġ
ǰߵʱֻһµA6۶˽ǰԺ͵һŰѳɲͣ漴ӳ߳˵ļһģģһ߳ͷߣһȥ塢ˣ³ˡ
дǸ߹ȥһʮİӺȵԺӣʲôãǰ첻Ǹպ˵ôִ˰·ʲô˼
ӵĻԺԺ֪æ첽˹Цųǲ˼Ҳûа취ϴ˵Ǹ֣һȥʹһ˵Ƕ⣬˵ǮˣˡӲקûקסҲû취¡
ƿע⵽Ժ˵ʱĿ벻Ȼ۾˵Ϲ²Ļʹġ
ų⻰Ժ¶˺ǲˬı飬ʵʱǿǶ̸ˣôַأҲе̫˰ɣ
ų֪״ҲûаϵҹΪȰǵģ㿴⡭Ժӱ˵װΪѵӿų
ųݺݵ˶ԷһۣȻŭ˵Щɢ˰ɣʲôҪ󣬺ȥ̸²ΪҪҸĻҿɾʹ绰ˣʱɱ˵ĳ˲塣
ǣǣųģһΣԺӱ֤Ժ鷳㣡Ժĵ˵
ųԺӰѻ˵꣬ͳһ˵߰ɣǻسǡ˵ԺµĶµϳȥ
ԺӼϳˣΧЩ˵ˣǶȻȥɣҺͳ¶¿ȥһ¾ˣٸϢ
ԺӵĻԺЩŮŮתǰһ·ȥƿע⵽˳·ߣǰ治ԶһĴ䣬ЩӦöǶס
ǼҲһǰʻȥ
ƿע⵽ûʻԶǰ治ԶһҲȥȻֱǰʻȥ
Ժ󣬻ɯɯСҲһǿѾˣ׸˵Ǹ㲻ܳˣȻҲòŵˡ
˳ԺС¸׼ӣ׸ȴ͵ʲôƵģ˵ԣһΣҪһ£
ĻԺ󣬻ɯɯɵʧ˳ҲоգڼȻѾ˳ؽˣȥǲûСҲһ㵣ͻɯɯһ޶
ƿ˵ıԺҲװһɻӣȻ׸ʵ账Щ˾ǳǮӦòʲô˵ɣ˵ǺҲûʲôϵɣ
ƿĻԺ󣬻ɯɯС¶ͬص˵ͷ
ɯɯСµ̬ȣ׸֮ƿ⣬ȴܲش˵ҪɹĻָ˰æءҪǲȰǵĹͨǸȥɵĻŶûС
׸һת˵֪ղĶעһ£ںģɢĻⶫԷһкģҲǸӦϰ⳥ԭ򡣴һ£Щϰյ岻˵һ㣬ûпܵġ֪غȴԴ޶ãһĻǵܰ𣿡
׸˵ԴǣɯɯС汻סˣ˻һԺһĿͶƿϣ˼׸˵ľǼ١Ǳǲ£׸˵أܵĻƺе˵ȥһûţ뿴ƿ̬ˡ
׸˿Ҳ̧ͷԴŵشƿղŵǻҪסɯɯСºףƿǲǻĵͲö֪ˡ
ƿ֮ǰʹˣһҪ׸ʲôãȻ᲻ͬĹ۵㡣
˼״Ժ󣬲ſ˵账Ļ˵úеȷʵӦϰյڲˣ˵ǲǻ漰Щŵļܲ⣬Ӧòһġ


ڰ˰ ˷ܵϢ
׸ƿĻ󣬳׵طġʱƿҲ֧Ĺ۵ĻǿɾѰˡȻӲҪȥ鵹ҲǲУһĻ׸㽩֮ĹϵڿչĹ
ڲĹУٳһʲô״ĻǵʱпܳԲ˶ߡƿֻҪ¬һ㱨µʱ޹Ҳסǿ˷۱
ƿҲ֧ȥĻͲһˡͷˣȻвͬһͱǶļΪ⵱У淢ʲôĻҲõġ˭ܱ֤оͲأֻҪʱ´βˡ
׸ƿһۣصһͷ˼Էʾлƿ֧֣ģʼʱΪ¬̫ģŰѶԷġ
ͨڱ飬ѾˣƿΪ̵ʱģ¬ΪԺķչ·ǰʱ䣬˵¬Ѿɫµ飬ȷ֮ǰжȷġ
ƿڶĹгɼȻҪ鳤ĹԸʵֲˡһĻƿıҲͲΪˡ׸ǵ⣬⣬ڲ֮仯ˣүǺܾġ
׸С˵£ǰĦгǻǹȥġ˵߳¶¿ĦгϿԺŲŲ졣
ƿ׸ĻԺ󣬰˵ͷԷȷʵֻҪ棬Ҫ˽һжˮʯ

һߺǰʱһͤǰܹûʲôȻڼĹУҲһЩ⣬һЩ޹ʹģһЩѾͿԸ㶨ˡ
һĸеһǶôظԱã֤칤˳УҶЩһЩСļһԣһѸͷʱǵĲһĻ˭˻òͷˡ
һ˵ޱȼ⼸ûҵ˷ܵҪеĸоˣ˾޹һĻᣬһ˷쳣Ϣ˵Ϣ;ԶӰҲΪ
һֱ¬ѹһͷǲΪ۹ɹȶԷƾʲôԷǳ񸱲һͨĸͬΪһǳһǳĲɴȥˣͬгͳгһһͨĸɲһʵʵڵ쵼Ȼͬĸкܶһ޷Խ
ʼʱ޹ΪԼе߷߲ƽ֪¬Ժ󣬲һ˼ҡ֮ǰȻ¬ǺܶԸڲϣ֮䶼з磬Ͼûìܷŵ̨ȫԶԴĹ۵㲻ͬĽǶȲͬڣһĻ¬ûȥȥˡ
ǰ¬ͻȻٻྩ˵Ǽ¡ʼʱ޹Ҳûע⣬¬ྩÿ괺ڵʱ򣬶ؼҴһʱ䣬ԴϰΪˡ˶ԷĵϸԺ󣬾͸Ϊˡ
¬ҿһӴļ壬еʲô飬ˡΪ¬ҵڶеһԱ£ǰһȥȻҲûʲô˵ġ
˭֪һ磬ϰ߽࣬İ칫Ժض˵ϰ壬֪¬Ϊʲôʱȥ𣿡
˼ҼʲôֵģЩٲͣϴϰ˵ԷʱҲڳⲻܹĵ顣޹ѵ˶Է䡣
޹е㵣ɵ¬Ǳߵˣϴһ֮飬һӡǳ飬Ҫȥƨɡ鲻󻹺˵һˣ˵ں浹ù
޹ѵԺһҲûϣǰһѹ˵ϰ壬¬үӿܲˣ
ʲô˵¬ү޹˵Ժŵôģ۽ɣһ˵ĸо
ɿϰıֺǵ⣬ǵһμϰ˳Ծɴ˿ɼղ˵ǸϢԶԷ˶
ɺ޹ʮԺ֣ص˵ϰ壬ǵģλҴҵظϻȥΪүӲˡϢԿɿǸղϰԷʱ򣬶Է׿˵ġ
մྩ׼ȥֻһ졣ܲΪſں߰ɣûǸҪɣ
˵Ϣϰ˵ģ֪˾ŲʮӦġϰݣ֪ģҪϢ˵ʲô£⣬˵ԷʲôҪأ
Ҳǣ¬үӵȻһǱȽСģҲʮˣҪи̵ĻҲǺ顣֮ǰֻûⷽ룬Ҳûʲôˡ
ϲȻɣ࣬ƽͷգ޷ӱܡŴ뾡˸ַҪϰó֮յĽҶˡҲһΪƽһˣ۵Ļٻֻڸﳪʵǲܵġ
޹ͨԺһصض˵ô£ûдˣѾҪ
⻰Ȼ˵úܺȴǽŸղɵĻ˵ģԲ⡣شҴˣԷ˵ֻ˵ú񡢲֮Ĵûһ϶˵
޹⻰Ժˣ˵¬үʱûߣĻԷһ˵ǡ˵ˣ֪ˣ㲻ҪϹ££ҿɱ㡣
ϰ壬ģ֪µԣҲ㱨ôҶ˵ġæ֤


ڰ˰ һ
ǰʱ䣬޹֪¬ԺԼܴʡί֯λ϶оˡ
ɵĻԺˣǳڻģ˭ûһϵģֻʱƣòѽڲһкʵĻᣬջǻᱩ¶ɵġ
֮ǰ޹η¬Ҫηǿļ塣ڻĹ¬ĺɫޣҪǵ˶Է˼ֻҪ磬ʮķܶòѡâ
ڵһˣ¬үһĻǶ¬˵ǷǳصĴĹӰв޴Ӱ졣ʡ¬ҵΧҪǽĻԷҲǱ޳Ī
޹ǳ飬Բֱ¬ĻԷľʱһȹмܵûСҪֵĻһ̫עĽɫյĿĻҪǣ¬֪УƶԷͷ
޿Ȼǿƣ飬λ죬ǾҪġ¬Ϊ񸱲пܽİģҲ⣬Ҫᣬɾ˵ѽˡ
ǰʱ䣬ͨྩһͬѧĽܣոʶλϰ壬˵Ǻġʱھǰһ޹ϻʡʡίί֯ıҲûпܡ
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ȷ˶һԺҪȷ̫ˣɲһʡί֯涼֪¬ˡ֪ϢԺ޹׵ʱ¬ΪʲôһҪƶԷλˣһڼƻˡ
һԼ޹ͺ޵һΪ¬ںܲ֮ǰ鱨飬ڴ޿ǰѿ㵽һȻȥֺһÿ£ͺ޲ðѶԷڽ£ݺݵźǣôʱûҵĻᡣ
ҪһĻ⿿Ķ϶УٵһʵʵڵĶվסš˵ȫԸƽʱıֽʵʱ򣬲ŵʽ˭Ҳ֪޹ģõĻãõĻ˵Ҳûκʧ
ĹؼҪҵһΪʵڵĶ治һ׵顣޹룬ɽ˽֪Լһĳ޾ԲԷҪ֪ҪԸһĻһ᲻ȥæģ˵ҵһЩõĶ˵Ƥȥ㣬ܱһҪǿǲɵġ
Ȼ޹ϣҪԸһ˼ǵرʱɵ۾ˡֱе㲻ԼĶ䣬Ϊܸ㵽һǲֹһ޹ǰԷҩźǣЧǳáԷװƣǳŭĿԲɣ֪λ飬Ȼôõ飬æشӦ
֮ǰɾҵһĲϣֻϰ̬һֱҲûҵݹȥóһһһεشҵҾ㳹ꡣΪҹְԱȻڹӵұⶫһҿһҲͲ
һ˿в֪ѱ˵ˣȻͤĸɲ綽鹤죬ոȥݷͤеϴίǻưһ긻ǿίǣںͶԷĽУλǴ˶ȷʵе㶫ѹܰͤþ
һеƷζչΣ͵λٵˮƽзǳĹϵڻĹ£һжԣίǡгʵ̫ҪˣΪطѡһõͷˣϼ쵼֮صĻˣκ
һںͶԷĽУջĶࡣʡίֻ֯ʱģ̨ڵطϡʱЩõľ鶼õϵģԷ̵ʱԵ÷ǳġ
ϣصԺһͺ÷ѵһ򵥵ܽᣬ׼طϢˡ
ӷʳǻԺһоϵѹɽټÿ춼ܣÿ϶оرۣؾ˯ˣʱӶÿ˯ˡ
˯ԺʱͻȻֻһæֻһȻ¬ĺ룬æ˽
绰ͨԺ¬ǳȵһѽʱôûʲô쳣ɣ
¬壬ûʲôڴҶ֪˱飬ǻûʲô鷳һػش
Ӧ֮е顣¬ŵ绰˵ˣǱô㲻ڿжˣûжȥ˽˽⣿
¬ʵǺһ⣬˵ǰһ⣬һȥ֮ǰ뵽һˡ
ǶһԵ㣬ȫʡĹעȷǳߣյĽҶˡǰŸߣ˾ͱмί˴ˡ̬£˭ҲѶ鵱̲ˣǻζˡ
ʡĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˱֤ػ˳УһЩؼСЩǿľӪ˶꣬ʡҪĻпܻĻʡȸһɲ綽飬ΪԤǸЩģҲδȻˡ


ڰ˰ ʳ
һ¬ʻԺ΢΢һ㶣һ˵¬壬Ҳûʲô⣬ʱⶣ˼ͺһʱ䣬Ҳ绰㱨ʣǲǣ
Ŷǵǣֻһ£ֻͷܣԼҺԺҲҪģñ˳˻ժӡ¬˵үӵӦҲ˵˰ɣ⣬һʱ϶ǻزȥˣҪۣغԼһĶֵء
һ¬ĻǸжԷһæòɿˣæ͵УȻ绰Լֻ˵¬壬İɣһڹؼʱӵġ
¬һĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦȻż˵ҵӣ˵ǸλáһҪСĽش£ʱκһ⣬пܴ޴鷳һҪģ
¬壬֪ˣллһ˵
ˣҲ˵ˣ֮߻飬ˡ¬˵Ժ󣬲һش𣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰
Ҷϵ绰Ժһɨһֻϵʱ䣬Ѿʮһˡʱˣ¬ڵ飬˸жѡҲһʱȷʵǷǳʱڣһ೤һۣǧԺ涼ˣڹеԲ¬绰
һһϰʱ֮ǰͺ绰ۣʲô쳣Ļʱ㱨֮Ҫѡʱ䣬һǣʱͺڼ˵㣻ǣѶԷһҪ鵱һǳҪĹǧܵġ
ĸٵ飬׸ڸڹ·Ǽȥ׸ԼĹ۲жȻ֮ǰԤϵ¿ġ
ӰµϳǸųǹԴлʳһ֡˵ԴлʳڵؿǺġȻ⳧ʱҲʮңľȴΪ档
ʱ˾вͬΪں͹Դڵ³ʡоһʸĻʳҲܴȫܱ֤ΧеڹԴнһģ˼ҵĻʳֺαҪأ
ʲô飬ϰǵȻ֪һԿ϶ǣʳջǽġ˵һһҲΪΪ⳧ɵһĻʾûʲô·һֱǰġ֮ǰԤһ껹꣬гſԺ󣬸ǲˡڻһѾƲյıԵ
£ĶǮ豸ģЩˮֱŷŵˡˮϢģϰǲ̫עɾͲˣСɽƵĿˣôܿأǾĵ֡ǷһΪЧ;ֱ·˷쵼ͻһӦǵҪ
ϰֵĿģҲ޷ǾҪ⳥Ҳóﲻ⵹ǲܵġôܵĵطˣţǻܳ˲ɣҲ̵ʵˡ˵ΣʲôģһеģҪ˵жΣҲãû˵Ϊʳŷˮ˵ġһ룬Ҳνˡ
Ժ׸ƿɯɯС˵ͷܳأǰɽķˮĵɫķˮе֮СɯɯƿֱǰģһһЩΪֱ֤ݣҲ޷
֮ǰҳʲôĿģӦöһͬĿģһҪ¸ˣϰһƬˮ졣
ĿǰҪ׷εĻʳ쵼׵壬ӸȻεġĲ˵µĶӺƨɵµİµϳܴ֪ôˡ
ҪеεĻΪϼܲҪҪеأĴҲǿ϶ġڵʱʹ飬ָ쵼Ӧóе
׸Ϊעģ£ǳŹԴгʤȥġڿˣ޹˵ʤںͶԷгʱ򣬾ܹҵĸгܵũҵεоͳ˿Ҳ޹վʧһҪԭ
ȻĻ¾͸ðˡ׸ȻʱǷܺʤܹҵгʱϣôˣ˭ȥأʱֻҪһģģӡˡãޣ˭Ҳܾⷽ˵ʲô͵Ļǲǳ˴˵
鷢չĹУƿһֱѵͷԹۡ׸׼鿪ʼ;òԾһֱ߶ȹע¡ܸǣ׸һ׼£ɾôö֪ţֻҪע۲ȥĻһҵ𰸵ġ
ڶһ磬׸ƿȥ˹Դл֡
׸֮ǰˣֻڻһ£˵ôģ˭óеӦΣЩǺ󻰡ֻҪǰڵĹʵˣˮˡ
ֳ˵ʡɲж飬ֱ˵ʳ飬ͷĺˡҪ֪ʱǶѽҪ㺹治Ǽ׵顣
ֳ֧֧˵˰죬Ҳû˵ȻԼԼͿˡ
׸״ƿʹһɫֱվȥֳʱˣҪסǣκ衢˸ûиᡣεĿϳԽҰ˻Ժ󣬾ֳæ첽칫ȥһץڰ칫ϵİ¥ϳȥ


ڰ˰ Ƭ
޹ʾԺĵ糿ϰ࣬ɾĽϰİ칫ҡ޹Է˽µôһ£ԸһһüĿˣҪȻԷһ顣
ɺǵؿϰһԺȻһűֽķ˶Էİ칫ϡ޹ͷֻֽһƬһ§ƯŮƬö֮سڱֽȷʵ˺⣬ֻǡҲ
޹ƬϵԺ󣬳Ծ˼㣬̧ͷһɻؿɡ˵ͨܰƬкϳɣⲻ˸ĺϳƷɣ
ɿ޹ıԺⲻѣһοƬʱ򣬾ȵĳ̶ȱȶԷй֮޲ȻһӡܲãΪⷽ˵ҲöԷǺɵġϴα͵˵Ҫһ˼пܾԽȥˡΪҶ֮̾Ķûʲô˵ģ˭ƽأ
ƬԺ󣬲ŷһȻвΪ֪һ棬˲ò࣬ˮɶ
˵һ飺һŴ˳ȥΣĹУΪþץ˽ȥ˺ӵ̱ߵľͷͲϳڵӹС
Ժ󣬾ռŵӲſҲ֪ʲô飬ΪϹѬҲĭˡǿģǾȥϹһͣ˭֪ԷȴĪطûа취ֻȥСѧĶҵˡ
һĩڼҿӣ͵ض˵裬㿴ǰְ֣
һŷȥĽ֪飬˾λҲΪɣһûȥĲšǸ˵֪ЩԺҲȥˣһɵĽ
ɻгһҲһúǸһ³Ļܽͷ֮ޡ
޹Լɰ죬ԷֻɵЦһ㷴ӳҲûУͷ˵ʵʵڵĶȴóƬȻúܲκǼٵġʱ˼ֻҪҵӦڵıֽһ֪ôˣĻֻʯͷԼĽš
ʱŷӦ˰죬ԷȻΪűֽϵƬǼٵģƲѡ޹˵Ժ˵ϰ壬ˣűֽϵƬģģǵʱֽǳģûκֽš
ɵ⻰Ժ޹ӣ˵˵ĶģƬȷʵǵʱֽǳģֽţ
ɿϰһۣ֣صص˵ͷȻ˵ϰ壬ұ֤ƬǧȷġҪǻŲĻԴ绰磬ŵıֽһ֪ˡ
޹ʼʱ򣬻ͷһ˵ûǸҪˡԷȻ䲻󣬵Ҳ˵ѵĺʱԼȫ԰ӳȥû˵ѵıҪ
޹߾е㲻˼ĸоѵүҪһѣһ鷳Ȼҵô֤ݡ
ֻҪƬģһ˵ƴȥҲ¬Զྩæż£ҪֵĻɲô׵顣˵ֽϵĶ˭׷񶨾Ըġ
뵽Ժ޹ⲻѣɻվߵʱ̳ԶԷ˵·ͬСɣ֪֪ˣǧܵȥ֣£ҿɱס㡣
⻰ԺǲˬˣҪ˵͵ĻǿռͷҲͰˣȻһųװơ
޹Ҫ֪ɴ˿뷨ǻᲪȻŭղô˵ĿֻѶԷǧ©ܲܳҲ˵пܰԼݽȥĻǳԱ˳ŵģ
޹ϵɫԣǵ˵˵ˣøҸеǰ;ĵطѾˣ¸㶨Ժ󣬾ȥȥĶʱ˵
⻰Ժ󣬸ղŵĲʧӰ١Ը̺ԷǾ·ŵһ죬ʱ򲻹ȥĶֻҪиһְٰҲʵʵڵ쵼ˡ뵽̺ɵӲɵֱͦࡣ
޹ܲӴЧﵽˣǶԶԷ˵ȥɣűֽͷˣٺúоһ£ЩǾѵĵط
⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷת޹칫ȥߣ룬ԸһͶԸһ˵ЩֵǾѵĵطǼҪҪƷ
޹ɳȥԺæվߵſڣŹʵˣȻ»ص칫ǰϸоǷݱֽ
ղҴһڣӦȥʮѮģʱһӦȷʵӦˡμӵǸѵӦþʮµ׿ʼģ޹ֵģǵúٿƬһŮĴţȷʵҲǳʱֵĴ硣ɴˣ޹һ϶Ƭʵûκ⡣
ʵʵĶ޹Ͳˣ˵ĶǾͺðˣֻҪ˵ô壬Ƕǵģ˭ֱܷأ׼ϻؼҺúüӸҹ࣬
ˣűֱֽӼĹȥȽ临ӡݡȻҪŵĻһҪ㼸ݣһĻⱨֽͲˡѸӡĳȥʱίһ׷ģֵҵݱֽҪֱӼĹȥǿöࡣ
뵽ʱ޹мԼ̫вˡھԼһû취ŰŪ顣벻ƽʱƨ鶼첻׵ļһȻھǨش¼У쳣ɫı֡ϵڱĺ£벻Ȼ䵽޹ͷϡ


ڰ˰ ϵǿ
ЩԺ޹ĥʲôʱͶżΪˡһԺ󣬾¬үɶʱͽЩͶݳȥһĻ¬ְһһѣ˲ˡȶԷྩ鴦꣬صӦʱľѳˣأ
ʱ¬ҪǵĲôһˣԼˡһθɲĴģ֮ǰԷԼȷѾˡĸɲѵҲһΪʲô𣿾һ㣬¬Ҫ˳Ӵ޿ĵİ࣬¾Ͳô׵ˡ
һĻ޹ͷˣҪ飬Ҫλϰͽˡ׼ȷ֪¬ү뿪ʱ䣬ܽԷһ֮ʵԸ
˵ôöԷְ޹ƵģֻҪĸ֣һоӭжˡ
ǰæµԺһƽںͨ绰Ժ󣬵֪Ѿصʳˡ
֣˵һ˵ģѵ绰˹ȥ
һ˵¬ϵĲʱûʲô̫⣬ǰǲֹۣҲˣλʳҲΪ˰ѹ鰲һ¡˵¬ʱڻӦĿԲˣྩһ̯飬ȥء֣ⶣһöͬʱһҪע֯Ķ򣬷Ļʱ¬ϵ
ĻԺһʱ¬绰ʱ֣ߣ˵£ȷʵͬСɡǻĹؼʱڣ¬Ŀֱָʡίί֯һҲǶԷСĽҪԭڡ
֮ǰһѾͼͺϵˣԷ˵һҲûʲôرϢֻ˵¬˵飬Ҫ۾ȥһʱ䡣
һһ͹Ҷ˵绰ϢڼͺĶ沢ûʲôԾģһ󣬾Ͳˡ˵¬ؾϢʲô˵飬ôڲﴫأ˵һںƲĻ
˵˭ڱң㲢ѷֻҪ˭ܴеˡĹоϻ磬ֻжŻȥ˭ȥɵѽܴ֯¬ģ֣Ԩ޹
֣ԨȻڲҪ޹֮ϣµĿԲ̫ıˣڵλٻһĻӦúˡ¬ȥԺϳίλãǾոˡһӦϣ¬˳ʶŶԣôڱʹأȻ߼
ų֣ԨԺʣµΨһĿԾ޹ˡһһֱôȣƽʱĹУʱʱ¬а壬һΪҪģλͰĻû޹ʲô顣£ڴ˭ˣȻԻˮ㣬˵ʲôջ
һԺﲻˣҪǹ¬Ȼ˶ԷĹؼǣԷ¶ͷֻǶںǹеˡ⿿ͺڲﶢŻٰһڰģܼʱ⣬ӶӦĶԲߡ
֪¬ûӦİţʱԷߵñȽϼЩ鲻һ˵ϣ˵һֵݣȥһ⻰òҲô˵ڣ⼫пҲǶԷ绰ԭ
һ£Լֹ֮ϵûֱӰ⻰˵ڣ˵ʱȻ˼˵ˡЩ쵼˵ȷʵҪȥģľҪһ㣬ʱˡ
һ¬Ը޹ȻȫΪ¼ĹϵƤ֮ëɸĵˡʡί֯Ҷͷһġ¬֡¬޹ȥˣôȻҲһĺã˼Ⱦͻ
Ҫ̸˽˶ԹĻ޹֮ǿǽ˶ӵģԷ׼¬ֵĻûзŹһĿܡ˵ˣ˶޹Ϊ¬ΪԼ
˵ѡ⣬һ׼ˣڲҪ˵޹û˱ǰǿʸˡԷһֱӵ˰칫ңӴ˭Ը࿴һۣ·ҪԶһ㡣һ£˭ܲأɱ֮𣬶֮Ҳͺɣ
һǿԺ󣬿һϵΪ˽׼ġʱôҪұҪŴεԷ޹һرˣΪгһϡ
ڿʱѾˡǿǳʺڰ۲죬˶ʲô飬Ȼû˻ȥעһ¡
绰ͨԺһ˶ԷĽǿԹ꣬㺬ذʾ˶Էһһĳ˵Ķ
ǿûע⣬׶ԷҪԺ󣬱쳣ʧ˵촦׼Ҫ㡭
Σ⻰ɲϹ˵ҵ˼ǣ֮ѣ׶Ҳڲһ쵼Ķ򣬿ʲôҪҺüʱȥһŵ绰Ϊ˵
ǿ⻰ԺһʶԼղǻ˵̫ˣЩ¿ЩȴԲ˵ġһ˵Ժ˵촦ǣҸղŵǻȷʵ⣬ջءҾͲ˵ˣұ֤쵼ʲôĻҾֱӺϵ
һԷѾ˼ˣЦ˵ϵܣϸ˵㣬˵֮ǰҪú룬õʱ򱻶ͣԺ˵ûʲôر飬㵽ٺϵģԼգܽ°׵ġ


ڰ˰ гĽ
İɣ촦ʱ֮ĹϵǺܲġϴξͺ˵ˣҸʱúþһۣǺǣǿЦ˵
һ˱˶Է䣬͹Ҷ˵绰
ǿС׼Ǳǿ׳װ˼ǲŽأҪǻһеͷԵģ˼ҵλã˼ҷʾãô
һ³׷ģͺǿڰһ޹ҪʲôСĻͲô׵ˡ
һּ̫˵ģ˲Ҳˣұطˡ
޹µĻԲȥǶԷǻҪȴһȭĻһһŹȥһŲĻöԷɥʧսҪô֣ȻˣͲٸԷֵĻᡣ
һ˳ᢣ׸ǱȴѾǱˡ
ƿӻֳԺ󣬸׼ȥ׸ֻȴͨԺ󣬷ִ绰ľȻǹԴеķֹܻгԷһشĶأϿҵ˵ڻʳ飬һ£붽쵼ᡣ
׸֮ǰƶķǵ㵽ֹԴгʤĹٳǿˣСɫܵģԽӵԷĵ绰ʾڱأ׼ȥ
г⻰Ժæ˵账ʮӵʱ䣬͸Ϲллˣ
ȻгˣǾ͵һȥٶȿ΢һ㣬Ҳ֪ÿ춼мƻġ׸ڵ绰װƵ
лл账лл账͹г˵ֱ꣬˵绰𼱻ǵ׸סıݸȥ
׸ߴཱུæ¶һ˿ײ΢ЦεǲһӾץס˶ԷҪ֮ҪȻһгôæش绰Ҫأ
ʮӲĹгͽ׸ķ˵ʲô׸֪ǶԷڣҲܰԷ˵߰˰޷Ǿʷ⣬оķ쵼Ƿǳӣͬ־൱Ŭʱ֮ڣͻ̨ӦĴʩ
һȦԺг˵ĿģǾ׸ƿ̧ܸ֣طȷʵܲףǶеĸʿࡣ
Ҫ֮ǰǶ˵ʱпܻͳһһſλгûôȥɴ˿Կϴڱ飬ʡڲӰǷǳ޴ģһԶʱ򣬶СĽԽ׳һ
׸гĻԺ󣬿ƿһۣԷûпڵ˼룬λǺعصģ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲôʱ򲻸˵һĻҲʡٶ˼ˡ
׸гһԺװΪѵ˵г˵ȻˣôҲøӣҲ֪ǶҲԼع涨ʱܸһȷĴ𸴡˼ҶˣֻҪһϣĳһɶǺǣ
г⻰ԺȻʮ⣬˼˵ҲܸӣЦ˵Ǿ鷳账Ҵ˺͹ԴĹչ˱ʾл
г⻰ɾˡ׸æ˵Һǳμ棬ȴŴԴгλǿȻǺǣ
г⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣ԷȻ˵ĺ⣬ҪǾֻ˼˭һ˵ǿɾɵˡε˭ſڿӣһ俴֮ָģͿܲˡ
гҲϹˣ⻰Ժôܲ׶Է˼Ц˵账ҽӵǱߵĻ㱨Ժ󣬾ͼŸϵˣûüг㱨һᣬܻ鷳㣬Ǻǣǲ˼
⻰ϸ˵ֻ˵ǰ䣬Ļû˵׸öġٳԽ¶ʲô˵ˣǾû˼Ҳ˵˫ĲΡ
׸󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵гȻĵͷҾֻпˣʱ㣬ҲȥˣƿΣ˵ǰɣ
ƿЦ˵Ҿ账µһָҾʹǺǣһ쵼Ը
ƿ˵Ժ룬ҲƽϣΪɵѽһֱҪˣȴһĶô˵顣
׸˶ԷĻԺ΢΢һ죬˼˼һ۾ͿˣԿԷǺܸӵģ˵÷ǳתгΪǾġ
ݵ֮׸Ц˵μȻ˵ˣҾˣǾתתˣʲôĻٹͨг㿴ô
г⻰Ժæ˵账˼Ҷˣȥ쵼㱨ĻһỹҪ鷳㡣
Ǻǣгˣ룡׸˵߳Էһơ
׸֮Ȳһ棬ԸͶԷĥߴˣ˵Ķ˵ˣ˵Ҳûʲôˣһ棬֪Դгʤ̬ȣΪĵġ
гȻȥ㱨˵ߵŻظأʤûʲô̫ʱȥ˼ˡһĻ׸ܸԷһֲΪ
֮һҪĺʤϵ̽һ¶ԷĵߣִӦԷԸţҲһֲԡԷ»صģȫ̸ѶԷơ
⵱ȻֻһԸ˵ʤô룬ôڻֻþԷ˶˵
ƿ׸ıԺ󣬺ɻʼΪ׸͹Դе˭йڣҵ飬ڿȴֲô¡ȻֿƺܺݣȴִأöԷ̫ѿ˺ܷѽ⡣


ڰ˰ 
޹ɺϰϵڶа»ͷԺһӦ춺죬лԱ֮ꡣԷûоֱܾӴӦ롣޹ǿģڴķչԷȻôг⣬̸ʱ򣬲ڲӣΪ˵ֻǾ֮͡
绰ĵڶ磬Է͵Ӧ죬޹м⣬æڽ̻ʹһ䡣
ϣھϺȵúǿģ޹ȥϴּĻᣬϰ˳Լ˵뷨ϰ忪ʼʱ򣬻ԥ״޹Ѻ¶ԺڴӦ
޹Ҫʵܼ򵥣öԷ֪¬үӹϢԺ󣬼ʱ֪ͨһȻ¬үʱһҪģѾǺöԺˡ޹ҪǼʱϢϰæ
˵֯飬ûҲҪɹĿ΢΢ȻλϰļҪλĻǲܵ飬Ĺؼ˼ƾʲôҪأ
ڵĹ۵ǣɼʱٿڡһ򲽽ǸλãҲ¬⣬ĻԺڲͱ̧ͷˡڱŵĹ۵ǣһҲ˳⡣뷨ȥе˾ò˼飬ȴ޹ʵš
ϣ޹ص÷ǵʱѾҹʱˡԿףԲҪšղĵʱ򣬿ЩСǰĹǵģˣΪ˸ϰһɵӲšĸоĺ࣬ڲҪκι˼ˣϵװԺֱů͵ıѡ
÷ȻѾʮȴ꣬Ӧ첻ʵȨȹ֮ҲԸˣʱǡ޹ߣ˿һļϡ
Ϊ˷ֹǲʡĵֵܸǣ÷Ū޹ǰ顣޹ʼͬ⣬סڴϵһΪֻùԹԾͷˡ
Դֵ˵Ժ޹ǰ˳ڴ֮棬Ӧ޹ֲ˼һѵûһμңȻǲҲŭԡ
޹֮ʣ׸ȴڴշתߣôҲ벻ףôģ
гʱıֿȲ׸ԸӣøжݶΪԷԴıʧԺ󣬾Ҳûгֹƣ֪ʲô顣
гߺһһᣬԷûϢһȥԷˡ극ԺƿҲ˷䣬Ȼ뿴¾ĸչòʵҲʲôɣ׸ķˡ
ƿߺһ治ԸƿڳĻҪʾԷʱ򣬿˵øΪȷһ㡣˵ƿӦԾرܣҪӲǲߵĻ׸һ취ҲûС͵طϵ̸ľڶĹ⣬˼ҲǶһԱȻȨ
ڼƿˣŵǸڷˡﰵг£һȵ緹ԺٹĻ˵һĻԷӦǴˣʮа˾ܳɡ
׸뵽Ժȫģڴϱ߿ӱߵгæ뷽跨ҹԴеĲ꣬û˯úãᵹڴԺһϮͷһṦ򣬾Ժ˯ˡ
׸۾ʱѾˣæһµӴ棬⣬ӰҲûУֻտҲδӵ绰ţʲôûСúɻ󣬶Է⾿ǳһôڻе̫ˡ
ϴһԺ׸͵ǲǸղŶԷѾˣԼ˯ñȽû˼ˡ뵽ԺһȥڵƿͻɯɯķһʣԴеûй
׸ʵʵ˯һƿƤûкһ¡صԺûаŹʵԱڹ۲׸ĶƵǣСʱˣҲû˹Ҳе˯ˡ
ƿձ۾ͻȻƵæӴһԾղú޹ǸǸĸгǶľסĸ棬ĪԷǲˣܵˡ
ҪĻͿ˳ذѶԷ׸ķȥˣ鳤ȻҲܳߵģĻΥ͵ѽ
ƿߵűߵʱú⣬ŵ˲Ǹг׸Ȼܾ֣ƿȴװʲôҲûУʵ账ôˣ£
׸⻰Ժ󣬱ߣװ˵ûʲô飬ղŻصԺһӾ˯ˣһΣû˹Ϊ˯һ˵طϵˣǿɾǵĲˡ
׸ֱȥһ»ɯɯ˾Сŵģе㲻̫Ըƿ򽻵ͶԷ˵ʲôģַܾǳѹֵĸоúܲ
תһ룬òԡƿķĸڣԷҪǹԼŹţһȵȥɯɯСǡƿҪǷӦһ㣬ѶԷý˷䣬ɯɯСŶδ֪һĻ׸˵岻Իֱӵƿˡ
׸ʻԺƿڿȷղŲûдӳ緹Ժû˵׸ķ䡣׸һۣ˵账緹ԺҲϢһ£ûҲ̫һԿ϶϶û


ڰ˰ Ķ
׸һֱע۲ƿ沿飬ֶԷ˵ʱĲ飬㣬Ҹںӣ˵Էû˵ѡһе㿴͸Դе˾һˣԴĺߡ
ΪԼ׸΢΢ЦЦȻƿ˵û˹Ҿͷˣ֮ǰе㵱ĵ˱ˣҲ֪Щطϵ˿ɲ׵ѽϾ⻹Ҫһʱأ
ѽ账˵ûҪȥʣûȥһɯɯСš׸װѵ˵
׸⻰Ժ󣬴һӣ˵ûҪˣҪǹĻһңȥ˵ġ
Ȼô˵ȴôģط˻ɯɯСŵĻһϵġɲ߱ƿеĽغ׸ٹȥѯˡ
׸˵⻰Ժ󣬼˵ΣѾˣȥĻҲûʲôˣҿϢһɣټ飬㿴
账ֿˣһ֮ǰǾ仰Щ飬鳤˵㣬ӡƿ˵߼һĶ
׸Ц˵ΣѰҿѽǾ˵ˣҾȹȥˡ
ƿ⻰ԺæŶԷվѶԷ͵ſڲתط䡣Ȼ¬飬۴Ӽ𣬻ǴӶλ˵׸һ¼̬ǺбҪġ
׸ȻƿǱߵʱ򣬺ͶԷ̸ЦصԼʱй֮޲
֮ǰΪƿ海æȥԷǱߴ̽ڿˣ˼ҹԴѹû˹Ҫ˵гʤˣǸгҲټ
ʵԺ׸ֱŪĸо֮ǰ뷨ǽ̽һʤĵߡ˭֪ԷûֱĴڣȵҪ˾ܡ
ϾҪأ˼Ұ㵱ɿһ㣬ѹû˼ֹĸо˭϶޷ܵġ
׸ֻʡί֯ɲԴУ㲻ǵģҲˡϾггɲ˵˵ȴǸϲ˲٣Բǵķ۵Ҳ֮С
ڵ׸ʡɲжС鳤ԴжģҪǷŵȥĻǿɾղԺ䲻˵ٴһøܹҪİɡ
׸ߵǣǶǹԴжĹз⣬ûֱӴǸӣǹͨһ£յĽȻǲǵģ˾еˡ
׸ȻûʧȥǡϸǰǸĸгʱһĳϻ̳Ͽ֣֪ԼԸһʱֱежµĸо뿪ʱ˵úȥʾгʤȥġ
˵ĸӻʤǡĵˣֻ񶽲ľĸгûôĵӣҲеɴΡ
ǰѷ׸ҪʵǣʤΪʲô޿֣ԶĻ˳ֵ׼ǸгʼʱҲһ顣һĻ۾ͳʤǲⶽ飬ǲⶽûʳ¡
׸뵽ʱеˣ֮ǰĹòǺ֣ܳûаѻʳڿԶҪӡ׸ھеﻢµĸоˣһֱɯɯûöԲأ
Ժ󣬻ص䣬׸˼ղŵ⡣˵ӦòԷӣֱӰȥ˵Ƕɲģ¿ȥǲû̫ϵҪԻʳ쵼ͱֹλΪĻ˭Ҳܶ˵ʲô
κ鲻ʲô̬֣˵׻˵⣬ǶɲĹ磬κ飬ܹҵڵģҲڸطǳӵһҪԭ
ĻɿԸԴеˣгʤӭͷһ׸ʼվáҪûʲôĻʤ̨һ֮˭ûеͷӡ˵³ûиĶʱ򣬾ԲóȻ£뱻
˼ǰ׸Ǿò¾ϣӦһˣ޹ΪѹԴоΪԷнˣȻҪԷ̣˼ȥ
ѯԷ⣬һǳҪԭ򣬾Ǹ޹ѾԷˡͷɲʲôӢۣ֪ԷһΪ˱ҲѶԷµĻòƨɵ׼ϾԷݡλǣҪ׵öࡣ
ڶһ磬׸ֻǺƿҴҴһкСźӦȥˡƿһֱöԷԣ糿ôһˣ׸ʲô
ղţ˵ʱе飬쵼ȥһˡʮа˾ǳ飬ûĸ쵼֪ģ˭ʱȥأǳʲôǳش顣
ƿ֪¬ʱ䲻Ӧ죬һҪǳʲôĻ뷽跨شȻʱ߶Է뵽Ժóֻһ벦˳ȥʲô飬쵼׸֪ͨˣûɲ֪ͨһѽ
֮ǰҲһй֪ԷüͺȫȨ飬ʲô˵Ļûɲ֪ڷ׸ķԺһʱ뵽һ绰


ڰ˰һʮ ڴʦ
һӵƿĵ绰Ժ֣ΪԷһڣĶҪƽʱĻ⻰ûκ⣬ʱ䣬Ƕ涽飬ǰ˲Ÿͨ绰Ǹ߹ԷͤеġԷһڣʣ˾е㲻Ծˡ
еɻһЦŶƿ˵ƿ⻰ʵÿе˼ѽͤѽȥĶ
ƿ˵һûлӦ죬Ҵ˵жϣҲ鷢ӣҲͷġ漴Ͱ׸ıԷһ򵥵Ľܣı֣ص˵һ¡
һ⻰ԺҲе֣ƿʹ绰ʣҪʲôĻٴ绰߶Է
һ绰ͺԺ󣬲ûֱ촦ûʲô飬ǺԷ˽һ½ڹ״ʲô紵ݶĻԷһ㱨ġ
ͺĻ㱨Ժһͻжϳ׸һǺȥһ飬Բǲ֪ͨҪĻͺ󲻿ܲ绰֪ͨˣûɻ˵ɣ
һ룬Լͺ˵ϼѽһ£ûǶ˻ȥҪеĻ¼ʱڲ֤ҵȥϴλȥ޲ٵģҲһ¼ȥ
֪ˣҽʲôҲˣ¥ݿˣһ㽻°ˡͺֺõ˵
һЦЦֺͶԷлԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰ղٸƿȥ룬һǾԷ绰һöԷģһҲϸ˽һ£ڹԴоʲô飬ƶ׸ȥʲôȥˡ
绰ͨСʱ֮ãһ˴ô¡Դгıֻȷʵе죬׸һò׼Է̬ȣԻȥ޹ˡɲʲôʵ飬Եƿ棬û˼˵Ǳһɡ
һ뷨˵ԺƿҲӦô£漴ڵ绰˵е̫Сˡ
⻰Ժһæ˵ƿɲô˵ʱ¬ڲ˵һϾĿ飬һҪС޴
Ҫ˵֯һȫһµģֻƿˣ϶һġ¬֣һپ٣һĹϵڣƿһôһʵְԷʲôҲǡһ¬ҪǳʲôĻƿͻǿһұ֮
ƿͨ绰Ժһû̫·ϣ׸ûʲô⡣ȻԼòĻǾҪ̣ǧҪȵ޷ʰĻ뵽쵼㱨ǿɾͳˡ
һĶ鹤Ժ󣬻صݣϴһˮԺһûʱƣˣڱȴνϴʲôģٷ㲻ˡ
һ׼ڴϿӣֻͻȻһŵĺ룬æ˽
һԺ֣ͻȻŵ˵һмҪ˵һ£ǹëëġ
һ⻰Ժסˣ漴˵˵ʲô飿
֣Ϲе˼ˣæ˵ᣬʲô£ֻǽںСô绰ĵʱͻȻǽʱλʦ˵飬ԡǵʱΪ˼ָḁ̊́ںôѽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ûЦӲסЦ˵ʦ˵飬̥ѽ˵ӶรҪ̥İ̥
֣⻰Ժ룬ɷ˵ҲеǱ㲻Ͼˣŵ绰˵ҹĵĵ̥ʲôģʦԤԹ;Ҫ˵ò׼ĻζҲ
˵Ժ֣ͣ˻ͷûټ˵ȥ
һʼʱΪеģ̥ʲôģԼˣĵĲǼ̥ԼδԺǸжֻ˵ţлл㣬İɣû£
ǣʦ˵
ʦˣ˵Ļһֻʱûв͸ˡ˵飬Ͳһָ̥˵ָǻһŮأ԰ɣһţǼ⣬Ļͷ˵
֣ɷôһ˵Ҳе뿪ˣʵҲЩ飬ϹҲûκãģܻġ
Ժ󣬷˵˺ӡͻȻ˺ӵĿ֣æ˵Ҳ˵ˣСëëˣҵȥˡ
һǺһЦԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰۴ޣһɵ¶˻ĵ΢ЦСӵɤŻ
չҶϵ绰ֻͻȻһΪ֣һʾȻǿĺ룬⵹е֮⡣ǰ죬ŹնԷһ޹ĶĶôϢˡ뵽Ժһæ˽
绰ոսͨʹǿѯιã촦
һ󣬺֣˻ͨ绰ҲһˣڻôʰɣܾöԷıеˣһǶֻشһǰɣʲô飿
ϣ˵촦ֻ̫Ѵˣϵ̨ˣҰСʱ֮ǰʹˣ֪ڲͨǿڵ绰ͷ˵
⻰ǱԹһ绰һȻıû˼ݣôȥ٩һأҪǵöԷˣǿǸԼҲѽ
һЦ˵˼ѽղź͵绰ͨ绰ģĵʱ䳤һ㣬ˣΣʲô£뽲


ڰ˰һʮһ ذը
ǿԷųƺΣжѡǸʱһŽΡεģԴԺ󣬱˵ˣǿֶû𣬷·ɨһ㣬һᶼᵹùġ
һԼԺǿŵ绰˵촦ȷʵе飬֪Ǳ˵ǲǷ㣿
㣬ڷ￴أл˵һ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬷ģŵ绰˵촦ô£λԷһ񣬾ƾͺȶˣԷᵽ㡣˵֮ǰôӣô˵˵Ļ
һ󣬺ǺһЦûв廰Ļɫű˵˵ĻһһҲ֣Ҫ˵Ļ˾òԸˡһǸûУڹٳϻ죬
ǿһûʲôӳﰵλɱλ˲ֹһΣĻһԲװûһ㣬ݺǻĻδؾܴﵽ֮ǰԼ˼ǰɪɵһ
һԺǿ˵촦Է˵ЩԺְѻһתصض˵ûϵɪ˼ˣֻҪྩǱߵϢһĺӾ͵ͷˣʱȴĽѵ³
һԺһæʵԭ
ǣ¹شرˣҿԱ֤һֲ©ǿ˵ʱ˵Ժû˵׼Ļ˭֪ܾ˵ʲôҲԸ˵ˣֱ©һ䣬ǿƾʵݵģΣһҪ뷭ĻǾԲܵġ
һԺеסˣһӲ²͸ɵĻ﾿ʲô˼᲻˼ʱǿɻػأһ룬ֻ˵ΣҪлٺһϳԷʱ򣬲һ䣬ʲôʹҹأ
һôûףǿǰܱ¶򣬶ԷĶٸȥأ㶼ӣѱˣ˼һһߵڣǲɵ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһҲٿˣɳ˼˸ղǿ˵Ƿ
һԿ϶ԷѾҪԼˣڣڵȴһʵʱ˵˭һ۾Ҳף֪ôϸ˳޹⣬ûбˡ
ڻûи
һԷֵʱҲɿ˵ĵྩǱߵϢԼֵĻΪʲôҪྩǱߵϢྩֻʲôϢ
ڶɿеƾʵָʲôǰһһҪεһսĻνƾʵݣɾǡذըʱ򣬶ԷҪǰ׳£ǶԷ군ֻܻһ
һΧ⣬˼ãһеüĿڶһͷҲûС
¼Ȼȷ޹ģһѷνĵྩǱߵϢͼпָ¬ү뿪¡
޹¬ĹϵҪ붯ĻѡʱΪʵģ¬æòɿ֪ϢҲǱ޳ĪȶԷԺѾ㶨ˣʱ򣬾¬ĻҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
ڵ͵Ļˮ㣬뵽ѡôõʱ֮ǰһ϶޹׸ɲһεģ˾еͷԵģʡί֯ĽιȻǵ֮
˵ǸνƾʵݣһúܵۡʵӦһʱ䣬ûʲô顣
ڵУʱ򣬺̸еϵ֯Ժ󣬾ԿýԺݣ֪ƾʵݴӺ̸
Ҫողǿ˵ɿе⻰;ԲǿѨ磬ҪȻԷĪǿ뷽跨һٴʼյˮ©˵ڷǳܵģóʾˡ
һʵ벻ԼʲôܳΪԷеƾʵݣҲȥˡڶԣΪĵ飬Ǻ̸꿵ĹϵûʲôöԷµġ
ȻĻֻҪ̸ϵһ£׶ûʲô쳣ˣ˵ҪҪˣȥɣ
ԺһҲپˣ̸ֻ꿴˹ȥ绰ͨԺͰԼĵ˵˳
̸ϸ˼һȻ϶˵һԴƺƳɳԺҾûʲô쳣ʱ䣬滹ûʽУҵ˼棬ûע⵽ҡ˵ʱֻ˼ѣڴ򳵹ȥʱ򣬶;˳ûзκ⡣
̸ô˵һҲͷġ̸꿷ʲôԵĻһϵģϴξġΪ˷̸ֹ꿶ο˶Է͹Ҷ˵绰
Ȼ̸ûʲôûʲôµģȻⲢζʲôҲɶԷȥ㡣һһʹ绰ǿජһԷһʲô쳣ʱϵ
ڶԷ˵ྩǱϢʲôģõģ¬үɶʱһڶԷǰõϢͿǰ绰ǿѶԷˡһĻסġ
Ժһ㰲ĵ˯ˣǸıǮгܺЩĵС˼ȥ
һİõ˯ˣ׸ȴԼ鷿̣ȻѩѾߴٹˣȴһط˼ҲûС
ʵ̫ˣֱͷǽײĳ嶯֪һҲ޹㱨Դе飬Ǻûţһɧ


ڰ˰һʮ Եص
޹һϻصͨԴлʳ飬޹õġ
˭֪հ׼Ǹ˼˵ԷָıһٺʲôԱ˳ˣԴżˣһһ㶵ģ֪Ķﲿˣ˴ķӦ
ԷǸŮ˵Ļǵ⣬Ͼÿ¶ô첻̫ʹ죬ɶԷǸѽ˾еĪˡ
˺һԺ޹ĻС׸˵׸治֪˵ʲôˣ֮ǰӺòãʳģԵصġԵأ֪𣿡
˵һʱȻ󣬺׸
׸ĶһҲûУ΢е㱳ĻԷһҲȫˡ⻰Ժ׸еһŶ⿪ˣ޹ΪʲôԴгʤΪʲôǡ
ʳԵصģ޹ǴԵسģ𲽣һһߵ˹Դигλϣھгʱܸʤʡί֯
׸֪ģ޹ȥԵءʱһָо޹Եؾʵһ㣬ʱίǡس˵ʱ򣬶ӻֻϴķˡ
ʳȻԵصģǾһ޹ǵʱġѹʤΪʲôԼץŻʳСԺܲŲʣΪ²ҪƽȻ˻档û˳Ļͱˣ޹Ҳһ뷽跨ظ㶨ͬԹۡ
Ժ׸Ȼữʳˣ޹˵ⶼҵĴ֮ǰû׹һţҾԲǹôȥġ
׸ˣԼȷʵǲ޹ԼڹǲƺҲϴأ
޹Էô˵ˣȻҲ¿ˣѾˣҪԷȥƽҲ֪׸ԲȥµģֻǸˡҲûнʱöԷڹԴõ£ûһ䣬ԵصҲͲȫ׸ˡ
Ȼ룬޹ǾԲô˵ģ׸һۣ˵ˣ֪ˣ¾ɣҲϣ֮йصϢˣ⻹£Ҳȥæɣ
׸վһټת޹İ칫ҡ
׸̵̻ҸԺɳһɣˣԹѾûκˡǰҪľô⣬˵νƿǿɵһʵɣɲô׺Ūȥʲôʵأͷۡ
ȥ׸ֻô˵ƿѽʳ飬һ¡Դеҵ쵼쵼Ѿˣ㿴Ǽȥǡ
ԷǸˣȫʡ칤оյȥ⻰ԺȻ֪ôˡ
˵쵼ָ˭ԷԲɵѯʵĵزģĻôǰˡٳϵ飬ľǵ㵽ֹ˼Ѿ㵽ˣȴɳʵףǲɵԺôȦȥ
ѩ鷿Ժ޹վŶԷҡ˿̵⵽˼㣬Ƿܽ˹Ҫʺˡ
ڶһ磬һõǿϵһ£Ȼ˼޵ر˳ŶԷöģΪȻ˵úתҲǾ£ǿҲǵ֮һûġ
İ춼ûʲô飬һź÷ͳ»ͤڿչ鹤
Էʱһӵ˼ͺĵ绰Ȼһ˶ŵùˣϾҪͼͺ̸£ڱȽ޵Ļ⣬վߵȥӵ绰ˡ
ͺ绰ȻΪ׸顣һ׸ŵʱصģûлֱϵ¥ʱ˳壬ĵ⣬¥˲һСʱʱȴƣ˭ǷǮƵġ
һԺͷͿˣ׸һϵеĶе˿ף֪ʲô
ͺ˵λڴһԺûٹˣһҲûټӦȥˡ
ȶԷ˵ԺһһȻϼ䡣
Ҷϵ绰ԺԼȻûпˣϼ¿˵õˮ©ֱڲŴ绰ȫ
ϸĥ˺һһǾúͷ׼绰ƿѯһ£һ룬ʱԷ׸һأǵ˵ɡ
һصԼķ䣬׼绰ƿ˭֪Էĵ绰ȴȴ˹æ˽
ƿĽһӵĽˡʼҪԴлʳ׸ڸץס˶ԷСӣȴֲ׼ٸȥˣ˾޷⡣
һƿڵ绰˰죬ҲûȻҲȫջһ϶׸е쵼޹ĪƲ֮Ĺϵ̸С涽ĹУˣȻҪ鳤Ҳ¬޹㱨
¬ʱڲ׸ֻ޹㱨ˣһеν쵼ȻָˡһĻ׸˶Դлʳ˼Ӧ޹⣬޴󲿳ΪʲôҪָʾأ˾÷ѽˡ
һƿԺ󣬾һǹԴеҵ޹ŻԷ˵ġ뵽ΨһȽϺĽˣ治滹ʲôˡ


ڰ˰һʮ ׻
¬үӵȻһֱûʲôɫҲûķչֱٽʱ򣬻ôòš
һ׸Ժ¶ʮҷż٣ʱȻļڻвϵʱ䣬⼸Ҷܣȷʵǳ࣬ǰϢҲ֮С
޹ӵǵıԺҲû˵ʲôֻǻصӦԺ󣬾ͷ¶ģⱻ˿÷ԷǾͲˡ⻰ûʲô⣬Ҳʾܡ
һʮ쵽ݣֻڳ˼죬żٻؼˡһʵڲˡʲôӣøṩһᣬƶƲ
Ȼ˵ʱҲ˵ʲô⡣־˴ݣԷίǵĹȷʵ̫׿չһĻпܸԼ鷳һ٣ԥذ˸ͳݣһĻҲͰˡ
ȻԷòûдȴһͶûκ֮ǰһںʱȻһ㣬ԵĿ˽ܡǶˣҪ˵мģҲͺгеϵɶǴ˿ûаӰ졣
£ȻҲԥسˣһɳ˼һԺ󣬻ҪǮ̫ɺˡ
ĹԺһûӦ죬ǻؼһˡȻ͸ĸԼһͨ绰ȴܳʱûлؼˡлᣬؼҴ졣
ǿ϶û취ڼˣѾˣһֻҪһ͵ʳȥšӡ֮ǰѾº͸ĸ˵ȻûʲôӻСöӺͶϱģĻǿ᲻á
һλȥһĿģøĸǰһȥʳǣӳôˣүү̿ɻûмءȻȻ˵һǷǳӣα׼Ըġ
һҵĵڶ죬ͽӵίĵ绰ԷĶأ˵׼һԸһۡ
һװε˵飬ǲ˼ǶѾǰżˣҲصӦˣ鷳˵һ£꣬ȥǶݷá
⻰ԺȻٶ˵ʲôˣлһټԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
ϴıԺüͷšһ֣һ֮᲻ô׻ģԷһˡ
ڶʲôʱݵķǳ֮һֱûкͶԷϵΪڵһ绰ԷݳȥģΪ鳤ݣ˵ûɲݷλݵĴѽ
Ժ˵Ѿȥˣе㲻ˣ绰һ̽һ¶Էʵǡǡӡ֤֮ǰǸԣ˾úǲˬֻڴʱܳ嵭һУϾһȽȽĹٳǵϣһ˿ĵ顣
һû绰ϾѾ뿪ˣٻȥĿҲˣ˺£ûʲô̫ĹϵȻ̫ڹע
Ѿ͸ĸˣںһȥʳǣȻǰٸϻһѾòˣǾʹڷʳǹ꣬Ҳܵġũиףÿ˼ұԼ꣬ζ⻧˼ҺˣоžĿܡ
һȻ鲢ΪȻҲظĸ˫Ҳһ¡
ڻطʳ֮ǰһȥһ˺еȥǶȻΪ˼ܿϴμѾþúþˣһòô˵ҲԼŮˣֻҪʱ䳶ÿԻȥġ
һҹһЩʲôǾͲȥˣ֮ڶһ磬һݳʱ򣬽Ųŵûˡܿ⣬һֱʱ򣬲𴲳緹
һڼִԺ󣬾ʹŸĸˡ
֮ǰһ绰磬Űϼߵչ˺áһæ˵һֻܴŰȥɣأͺɩӻֶһסؼȥ
һһлҶ˵绰ֵ֮䣬˵̫࣬Եˣž绰ҲһдõģһĻԱʾԼԶԷһ֮⡣
˷ʳԺͺӣ춼Цúϲ£ˡһ˵СʱһģһˣһҲгϢ
֣һ󣬿ĳˣЦѡһĻϾеҲסڱϱһЦϸǹҲסˣæվȥ
֣ͺ÷׼ԺȻǿģдһڷʳǳ˹䡣
һֱ¶ʮˣͺ˵ʲôҪȥˣ֣ԼľԱ׼ߡ
ʱһ˵ǷǳģŽްӣڡе㵣¬үӵ壬ԷһֲסɾˡǿǴǴ̽úԷྩϢͻ֣ȻҪۣǰж
֣һһ绰ྩõϢүӵ廹УڼӦûʲô⡣һһҲͷġ
׼޹ҪµϢģ뻹ˣĿǰӦûûʰĵزΪûʲôСӸԷץȻҲ̫ѶԷϡһԼ㲻ˣʱٺͶԷϵɣ˼һҪԼġ
ȻҲûäĿֹۣʱ䣬ϺͼͺԼǿϵǿ˽ⲿֻҪһз紵ݶĻͻӦĶʱûʲô


ڰ˰һʮ ¬뿪
һĵһֱûзڷʳǲ꣬Ҳͽ޶һȹԪڡһ׼֣Сëëһģ֣߾ȥྩ
ΪֹϢһ뷨֣绰˵¬ϵһȶסˡһûǸˣĸոزȥҲʲô˵顣
һʮ뿪ķʳǣ;ûκֱͣݶȥڽһǰ׸ԼľʮʼΪ鳤Ȼûгٵĵ
һź÷󡢳»һʮʱ䣬ǰȻӦԺȥݷˣᣬȴѡʱһ˸߶Է㵱ʲôװûһ㣬ҿûô衣
һÿĵǣԷҲûй˵Ҳȷʵе㲻صҲ˼̫ڼƽһȲʣϣ˼Ҷ㽲壬ⲻǳ
¬Ҳص˲ϰ࣬ȻԲϵྩӦ֮䣬Ҳָ״̬ˡ
ѮʱһǶһСǡ־Ƶĵ̣һȻҪʲô˼Խ䰲ŵһվҲϢ˼
ǵԺ־ƴ˽Ϊ¡صĻӭʽ˶֪һ־ƵĹϵҲֲ֡
ڵǵĵϣһĵУͬѧиг͡ԺһĲ¥ȥ˺ܾáôʱûˣ֮ȷʵвٹͬ⣬ʮңδĸоڵڶ컹ҪҲʹɢˡ
һصԺ󣬸׼˯ֻͻȻóһ־Ƶĵ绰æ˽
־ڵ绰ǳżһ˵һүӲˣǻ׼ҹеྩȥߵ飬ҶģҺͲ˵һעһǱߵĶ򡣡
һæͷӦ
־ûٶ˵κһ䣬ֱ˵绰
үӵ飬¬һѹ־Ҳ⣬ôʱ׼ҲеˣӦò̫ӡ
һչҶ־Ƶĵ绰¬֣ĵ绰Ⱥˡ˵Ķͬһ飬ڵλҲ־һڸԵطĻ
ڼ䣬ڷʳǵʱһҲʹ¬үҪ治ˣҪҪȥһ¡Ȼλ͹Ԫѫδı棬ȴıӻ£ڶթĹٳվ˽ŸһڲϽӦȥ˼һ档
֣һĻԺ󣬳һȻ˵ľˣүӲġʡǳӣֻԴһȱڣǿվ˽ŸʱûĻпܳ£¬־ƣǿ϶Ҫྩģ㲻뿪ˡ
һĻԺ󣬾ȷʵô£ǾͰ֮ǰǸ뷨Ժ޳ˡʵֻ֪֣˵еһɣһΪؼǣǶһֱ
ʱ򣬶¬ҶԣһǳϾĿ飬Ҿ᲻ᶯֻôȥϸעͬĵʱҶ¬ҵҲǳע¬ЩˣĶΪͻƿڣɶصעġ
ʱһ¬ͷ¶Ļױҵ˶ϣļ˼ҪֵĻǻƵģ֣¬Ժ󣬾һȥྩҪǶһֱ
֣֮ûаһ˵ҪΪչһӡԼŮǱȽ˽ģʲҲԺڹٳϾһΪƤȽϱ⻰һҪ˵תһ㣬ԷŸ׽ܡ
Ž绰Ժһﲻˣ¬үͦȥˣҲһ˱֮֡ǰ¬̸¬ҵ飬ЩȻǳҪܾЩ¬ϵˣǶԣ翵ģš
ҪҪ޹ξʲôáԷȻҪ£һֱԶԷҪʲôһ֪Ļǿɲȥ⡣
֮ǰѾԵĲãüͺǿס޹ɵ⣬ƿȥ뷽跨ظ׸ڹԴǰ̬ԭ
ܾӦú޹йϵ׸ܺ޹һԺ󣬾Ͱ֮ǰļƻȫƷġȻ޹׼ѣǺͶԷйص飬Ҫ˽⣬Ҳб޻
һʲôĻƾյ޹ɽ÷ǵ£ǲܰѶԷôġ޹ļ𣬽ƾЩ׽ӰĶǾԲܰôġ
һ׼绰ͺǿģʱѾˣ뷨ʱ˶ԷϢΪûףӶںĻĻǵòʧˡ
ڶһ磬һԺĵһǸͺǿ绰ʱһ޹ɵı֡ʲôԭûнֻǺǵ˵˵Ϣˡ
ͺǿȻһӦڶΨһհȻĻκλɡ
ܹҪģʮңһӵ֣ĵ绰Էڵ绰˵ŵʮֵʱ¬Ѿ뿪
һ绰ǳңҲûж˵ʲôֻǵͷһûٶ˵ʲô
ֶ֣Ů䣬С£Ҷ˵绰
˳ֵ׼ٵʱ¬һԵмֻң֣æ͵иŮһ绰


ڰ˰һʮ ǳ
һ֪һ꼴ˣܶ¬ȻԣǶ΢Сĸ˵ˡʶԺһһηĸоûУڴ֮Уǰںսǰĸоһ
鷢չȴеһԤ֮⡣һ塢죬ͺǿ˵ûз޹ɳ°࣬ûʲô쳣ı֡һú֣ѵԷ׼ˣòƲ̫ѽ֮ǰ׼ô֣ڻˣʲôɷأ
ܾò̫ܣǰһȴʵʵڷţһúǲ⣬Ҳûʲôõİ취ֻһһˡ
һԺһ磬һͻȻӵһİ硣
绰ͨԺ󣬶ԷĿǲƣֱӿʵʡί֯ɲĴһͬ־𣿡
һ⻰Ժ󣬾ǲˬǺò˵һλ
ԷȻҲóһĲˬ֮⣬һҲ⣬Ǽղһ㣬˵ʡίļͼҵĸмʵһ£㿴ʲôʱʱһ£
⻰Ȼէһ̬ȲʮǿӲģе˼ȴ˷ֱ硣
һ⻰Ժﲻˬ˼㣬˼Ҳǹ¹죬Ҳܶ˵ʲôֻ˵Σ˼أھظϵĻӦҲҪˡ
û£ҵ㡣ɾ˵ʲôʱӦʲôʱ绰ңʹ룬⻹飬ټ
һ˵ټ֣ԷѾҶ˵绰
Ŷߴཱུæһ֪޹ǻǳˣԲӵίεĵ绰ġǵ͹˶ԷͺǿǶţʲôû֣ԷȴѾʼжˡ
һȻԼǺĵģЩһ˭ϵջᷢչʲô̶ء绰ģ뻹ûôȥʲô״ûи绰ȥĻöԷ浣ģκʵԵ塣
ԺѺ÷еһߡ󡢳»÷棬ٳḻĵȻǺߣһ񽻸
һԺ÷˵㣬ҸղŽһ绰ʡί˴ģһӦһˡ
˵⻰ͬʱһע۲÷ı֣Էϲûʲô쳣ı֣ŷȻú÷Ǵ˿ܰˣԷϾǸŮͬ־Ǿ̽һ¡
÷һ˵һ룬͵ͣ˶Էһۣ˵촦ʲôֻ˵ֻҪܰ쵽ģģұ֤񡣡
һȻóԷǽ⻰ԼأڶԷǺģȻҲʲô̽ˡ
˵ҵҲȻҸоڸıֻǲģЩ˭Ҳܱ֤ȫ˵Ϊ˷ֹһи绰룬Ҫǵʱ䣬һûкϵĻȥҵͶԷ˵ͲҪˡ
ģ֪ôˡ÷˵ҪҿĻ绰ʮа˾ûлġ
ŶΪʲôô˵һǺʵ
÷һһ˵Ҫû´ĻԷʮа˾ֻǽȥ˽һҪʲôĻôȴ绰֪ͨأǺͨ籨ʲôأ
һԷ˵ղǸ֮󣬾뵽һԴΪݵġһ֮ǰ뵽ˣҲûֱӴ绰һҪԭ򡣾ʶְĺ÷ҲΪ˷ֹ⣬Ĺоϻ˵úãһ򣬾һ
һú÷ѵ绰պãȻ󡢳»һкԺͿԽҰֱӱӦȥˡ
һµһûȷʵ޹ڱ󵷵ĹΪ׼⼸ţɷѿģݡӡʼҲ㶨ġȻɵԼȥǼţ÷Ͻ˵ĻᣬͶڲ˳ڴǸġ
һĻһģҲҵʲôƾʵݣĻԷҲֻпɵ۵ķݡ
żĳȥԺһüҲûʲô޹еͲסˣһ绰ʡίѡȻɵֱӿȥʾٱŵ飬һڡ
޹˵֯׼һĻǰһûйǲ˵ľٱġеĻҪԲߣ⵽ʱʯͷԼĽš
޹һ˵ԺȻǾͰѹһǷٱŵ˵˳Ļ˵Ӧòʲô˵⣬ǵӦûʲôӰ졣
޹⻰ԺйƤһ㣬ǲĵһ䣬£ί᲻ȡʲôж
ѻΪ޹飬ĻǲĻʲôӰ죬Ц˵˵ԽԽ󣬵ӵԽԽСѽ¼ίȻ᲻ŲʣϾЩǿ͹۴ڵģĻҵ̸ҪûʲôĻȻ˵Ҫ˵ĻǽΣɾ˵ѽˡ
һ⻰ԺװӣԷһлȻҶ˵绰
绰޹ֱȳۻȻԷ˵赭дֻҪһйȥ¾ͺðˡͲŶԷܰűֽϵ˵ֻҪ۵ڣһȫˣǿɾˡֻҪһݽȥˮˡ
¬˿ΪүӵæòɿԹ˲Ķʱ顣ྩæ꣬Ҳˣʱ¾Ͳô׵ˡ
޹ûɲѽ


ڰ˰һʮ ȷʵ
һǺɣһа׵ݳӦʱѾˡǵӦİٶ๫·̣һ·ҵˣӦʱҲѾǵƻɺˡ
˾ýԺһѳͣ·ߣͳֻ˹ȥôĿģһϢһ£ôʱ·ȷʵˣһ棬Ҳ˴̽һ¶Է̬ȡ
绰ͨԺ˵һѾӦˣһؿ˵ڰ칫أھ͹ɣ
һߴཱུæεҡҡͷԷȻҲϺˣҪʲôڱȵ컹ѡе㼤һͷŭ𣬹ȥ͹ȥѵһ㲻ɣҪóʲôƾʵݳҾˣò
СʱԺһվ˻ʡɼίԱļͼҸΰ칫ҵſڣ½յţո洫һǳϵ
һ׼Цݳתһ룬ˣԷװƵļƣҪٸĻΪǲ£Ļװǻ
Ժһһʮڰ칫ǰһؿļһۿˣ˵ĸоݣǳݣҪǷĻ˲Ļ᲻ʲô⡣
һһҲ֣Ҳûмٿеļ̧ͷԷһƣȻֱӿ˵촦Ҫмʵһ£ôԶ·Ǹ
ӽӵԷĵ绰һλεӡ󶼲̫ã仰˵õġЦ˵ϼίÿԱ˵ҲΪ˸ҵ⣬ξͲҪˡ
⻰Ժ¶һ˿΢Цݼţһ˵ͷʾԶԷղǻĿ϶
ǷٱŸյʱԺȷʵܲˬʵְȻЩ߰Ķʵ̫֪ˡ̬֧£绰һʱôܻкõء
˼绰һ˽һ˽⣬ٿٱϵݣеˡ˻ϵƬĶǶǵģǲԤʾ飿
ʹ˿һԭǣ绰УһԼᵽһıòء
ʡί֯񲿳¬ǿɲǺǵģǰʱڻٳ϶Ѿˣǿྩ¬ҵˡˣɲһССļͼҸܵġ
ȻһȷʵĻֵˣ˭ҵˣֻҪ˵͹˭Ҳס㡣ڵǴٱʵûа϶һˡһĻѡһֽΪ׵İ취ʱΪǡ
漴Ͱյٱŵ飬һһϸĽܡΪöԷ״űֽĸӡԭһ˰칫ϣȻ˵дĸӡʵǵĹ̬ȣҵӦűֽһģһ£촦һ¡
һ֮ǰȻһĸоܹ黹еġʲôطܲٵʲô˶֪ٵ¼ίȲ衣˽Ժ󣬾ͱٳȥˣҲ֣ĵ绰÷ԭڡ
һԺеЦĸо޹̫ƷˣȻҵƬҲһ˵ǷǳĵضԸԼģźǣ⹦򻨵ʵе㲻ǵط
һɨǰĻŸӡһۣν˵ΣȷʵģǲҳűֽҲġ
Ŷ촦һ͡һ˵
Ϊʸļͼɲܶ౻ٱˣҪʸڷϣҪæͣһһھµģ治һô顣
һһۣ˵Σô£ߵŮһҵӣһҵãʱҸմݵӦ׼μӴɲѵࡣȥվңںóʱû棬ԡһĻͱļ߸ǵ˱ֽ档
벻ԷȻ˵һ⵹е֮⣬ҪնԷ˵ȷʵûʲô⡣һӣһãñط꣬ȫ⡣ƬȻúܽȷʵûʲôǵľٶĽҲǺ
ȻһĻмֿţҲʹյģ̧ͷһ˵촦˵ûκ⣬ҲǲţҲ֪еĹأ˵ʲôҪؼҪó֤
һ˶ԷĻԺͬص˵ͷ漴˵ʱƬԺҲúۣͬ־дһ֤ⶫҼҿøοȻҲȥ顣
һͣԺ͵ʲôƵģ˵ˣҺӵƬʡ̨Ųϰֻ࣬ʱ޲١Աҵãڻѧѧá
һ˵ͳƤӣдڼ䣬ڷʳǺ֣ԼСëëĺӰʱֻ˼޶ʱ򣬿ó벻ᾹΪ֤ݡ
һ˵Ļһһ¼Ժ󣬽ӹƤ鿴ͱֽƬȶԣȷͶԷƬϵһŮͬһˡ
һȫһ˵Ļˡ


ڰ˰һʮ ȥ
ֱʱϲһɨղŵ࣬ЦǺǵ˵촦ǲ˼¸鷳ˣҪллѽ
Ȼ˵ˣһҲûбҪˣҲЦ˵Σ̫ˣӦģͬʱҲҪʾлˣһ磬ҾͰǰǷݱͬ־֤͵
ãǾ鷳ˣȻûκˣΪ˲ϵ鷳촦һˡ˵
Уû⣬ҪûʲôµĻҾˡһ˵һ·æϣҿûϳء
⻰ԺᣬЦ˵촦ⶼҵĴҲûԷأҪһ𣿡
һղô˵Ŀģ˼ֻǱ̸ĶЩ˵ڡ˵˳ɾͲһˣȻûвܾ
ίһĲţʶһˣԺܻ᷽࣬̽һϢʲôģҪࡣ
Ȼһֱһ־ơ¬ıӻڹٳߣǺעԼġ㡢ķ塢ʡƣⶼͬϽʶģЩڶİͺܴһЩ˵ãȻʱ˭ָ˵Щ˶Ժ;ûκΰأ
һ̺߳Ц˵ҿ֮ѽһԷδʲô鷳ѽ
ӹһݹ̣Ц˵촦ЦɲôѽǺǣҪô˵ҿΪѽ

һԺֱӻص˽۾ļС֪ʱɩڼңԸʮ͹ʰһһȻüûסˣﵹҲǳɾࡣ
ʱ䣬ȻѾʮˣһǴһ绰÷֮ǰȻ˵赭дģԷܲĵģϾʡίټɲһġ
Ȼһϣӵĵ绰Ժ󣬺÷ǿġȻֻ仰Է͸ղȣ˷츲صı仯
һ״˵֪ˣҪ˵ˣ⣬ӦеҪҪһȥǡǱʲôĻʹֻ
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һҶϵ绰ԺľοɲԺԼΪɹ֮Ҷ⼸ĸܼͺǺ÷ܶһĺˣҲڳʱ顣
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һǾ绰ȥէһ޹ģûʲôεĿľͲö֪ˡѾ㶨ˣ绰ȥֻǸ֪һ¬޹иȻǾ͸¬ˣǰкӦûǺбҪġ
ֻͨԺڶ˺üŴ֣κϴβֻͬûдκ֣һһƧĵط绰ġŮʱ绰֣֪һǳˣ޷ԷǾԲôȥġ
Լ˵һȻûбҪҴţǰȥͲһ㣬ȫ˵˳ص˵ľ˶޹Լʡί̸顣
֣Ů˵ԺŵһĲŷʼΪʲôˣĿǰ£ŮһڻʡҪʲô飬˶ûУǿǱˡڵֻоգҲͷˡ
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һĻԺһȣæ˵֣֪ôˣİɣĲ˵ŮҲ˼ӡ
У˵Ҿͷˣˣ֣˵пո绰ġ
һ˵ãһʹ򣬰֣æټ
绰ԺһĵˣվӴ¬ңôãҪʰ޹ĻɫǺһֻҲûʲô̫
ڹٳʱ̫ҲУżҲҪóһЩС֮ŲѻΪһе⣬һȥݷ¬ʱ򣬶Է˵˻Ҫеĺˡ
ʱûдӺܾ߳Լ̫һ㣬˸һ־ƵĽڡڿʱȷʵϬһ㣬ҲһǴٳϺܶʱҪһŰѶԷȷڵأ÷İġ
ȻʱʲôҲҪһȴԼ뷨˰Ƿ֤͸֮⣬ȥһ֯ȥݼһ޴󲿳㱨һʡί̸顣㲻ڱУҾߵ㵱ȥ㿴ҺΡ
һͷ޹Ժα飬̿ס֮С˵ȥԺ󣬶Էô⣬ǾˡһôһҲ´ݾߣᾯһ¶Էںĵģǹ׶㡢ѷ
˵ôԸԷһͷѾһŵ뷨ֻһܣвУд֤
һֱһһϲµˣ˼ҼȻѾҲưոݣҪǲȥĻǿɲԸ


ڰ˰һʮ 
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һ緹ɣԺûмŵȴһ绰ǶٷԺ׽˲٣ٹȥ֮ǰȴ绰ͶԷϵһ£ÿһˡ
Էӵĵ绰ԺЦǺǵ˵ϵܣ׼绰أͲҪˣǾٻҲǸ¥ɡ
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˴ԼСʱҵʱ䣬ԺһҪѶԷϳƴһ£ԷʵôҲͽݺ⡣
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һԺ󣬴Ȼе⣬߹кΪǻҲ⡣Դϴһȥ飬£ͺһʰԺڵ͵࣬Ҳˡ
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֮ǰһһֱƺԷΪ޲ҲһԼ׳ɵĳƺˣ˶޹Ȼֻһڳƺʱһ㶼޲ԵеǸ֡
ӴгȴǶԷȫƣζʲôͺ󲻿е˼
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һɵɣּϷŪ飬飬ô˵ѽǲ⿴ңúѽ
ŶǡŶǡʶԼʧ̬Ժѹһ˵촦ô˵ʲô˼
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ѸղŶԷ߹Ƥ˻ȥ
ŶûûУô˼أˣ촦޲İɣڰ칫أҪҰͨһ˵
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ʶԺ޾ɵȥ뷨һǲĿǣôһһص飬ֻеùķأǸ˾־顣


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һ޹İ칫˰Сʱ΢Ц˳
Լİ칫ԥţǾҪҪȥһǽ֮İ칫ҡҪǹȥĻԷͷϣʮа˾ŵȴһٳȥĻϰҪ߳ŭǿɾ͸鷳ˡ
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˶ԷıԺһǸ㶼㲻ʲô״ʲôأѵֳҵĴˣ
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⻰Ժסˣʼʱе㲻޹ȻԼҲһˣɵۡ仰ʸȻڴҲҿˡ
޹ŶԷͷ˺һᣬŻϵĲ豭˹˵һ͹࣬ȻѲ豭ϵһţԵһûкĲˮ档
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޹˿ʵûģ̱ϰϣŶԷ˻ӣȥˡ
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㿴Ҫʲôֻܿڣ֮ǰûãҲһνĻᡣǿ˵


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ڶһ磬ǿһ¹Դȥˡζ˵һѵĻᣬһҪȫԸ
һڶȻûȥУڴתơȻԷѾˣúô̼һ¶Է˵飬һҲĶԷ£ȣɵ飬ûκѰΣԷٶֵĻһ̽ˡ
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һǾѵĻ;ٸԷ̧ͷĻᡣĻȵԷһҵȡϵǷ뱻¬뷨һҲһ޹Ͼһʵְˣһٸ㶨ĻԺ
Ժ޹Ҳһܸ˭ֵģһĻһ뷽跨رģԾԲܸԷᡣ


ڰ˰ٶʮһ 
Ժһӵǿĵ绰˵»ˣ͵һ㱨ͬʱ˵һֵ飬ȼԺһ㱨м᲻еϵ
һ󣬺ǲˬüͷǿԺٺϵ˵ӦûʲôѶȣôͻأǰǿ˵µʱ򣬻ģôھ˸һٰʮȵĴתأ
Ҫ˵ǿĹһҲšΪĹȥͽǿġҪ˵㷭޹Ļǿһй֮޲Բġ
һԴǱ߳⣬˵ʲô⣬ֻеǿԺ󣬲ܸ
ԴҲٶ๫ؽ٣СʱҾͿԵˡΪ˵ȴǿĵһûгȥ飬ú÷ͳ»ȥˡ
Ըоһϵɫԣ˵ĿҲԣ쵼ȻԸ˵ҲûгѯʵĵҪĻɾе̫ˣһ쵼
ĵңǿʻһϽݴһסı档ǿںǿƣϽݴﻹǼͺģ޹ŵԺǿиܵʲô̬ǰЩĵļһڰ˸Ӷһ
ǿһķ䣬ֻһСʱһ㣬Ȼݳ뿪һڸҼұݿ䣬ϢһԺٻӦ졣Ȼ÷󡢳»˶ˣ¹ϵشΪ˷ֹ⣬һǿǰ¶棬Բİš
ǿߺһŹϣɳϳһ֧Ժ󣬻Ǿһͷˮվߵߣ͵һƿ˲ʱһ紵ȻǳʡȻάң¶£򿪴ĻǸо֪
һһͷ˲٣ֹر˴ҪٴȥĻǾͻðˡһصǰһƨ˴ϣúðǿղ˵һۣô¡
ǰ죬ǿڵԱҩԶԷǺܸصãɾûǷݱ档Ŀ¼ؼ¼ôһɵӦĹȥҵʱûС
ԱʼΪŴ˵طֵ淭ǿȻҲ˼ԹۣӣҲ˽ȥ
æµ죬ѿеĵطһ飬Щصط飬ջһ
һĪչ֮ʣԱ͵᲻˽ݱˣȻÿԲڽǼǱϲʮԺ󣬾֣ⷢݱȻǱ˽ˣǰĻѧǿ
ǿʶԱ֪ܲѧǿǹԴгʤ顣ļ¼ʱ򣬵Աסˣ˺þòѹϸڵʱСӵĸգ˰Ŵ˰ࡣļ¼ǷǸʱ䣬Ҳ֪ԭڡ
֮ǰ֮û鿴ļ¼ΪݵѾǰ˰ǰĶ˭û»ȥѹûǶ롣
֪ʱǿֻεҡҡͷгģʮа˾гҪģڹԴڣû˭ӺгȥҪģίǵĻûкʵɣҲС⻰ǿҲ룬Ķȥίǰæȥ
ϣһǿĹ۵һµģһʤˡ˵ʲôãǾͲö֪ˡ
⣬ǿ˵һϢҲһơԴлʳЩ洦ҶѵķȻһȫˡǿʱ򣬻ΪԼҴ˵طƿϵһ£ֲûҴطЩȴȷȷʵʵˡ
ǿ˼鶼ǹԴе˸ɵģһ֪׸Ķ⣬ΪδȻЩȫˡһֹͬ۵㣬Ӧûô򵥡
ǿ׸ڹԴеһġʤںµĻͲǲˡʱ׸ᣬֱӵˣڻعͷ뷽跨زȣǲɵ
һܻ쵽һ֮ûĸǴġʱʤ񶽲飬⡣ȻгȫʡĹԱ֪Ƕվʡίһгţ棬ѵҺʡίа岻ɣǴҲûŵ顣
Ƿݵ϶Ǳʤˣʳ飬пܲɵġҪĻǾֻҪһ⣬еʾӭжˣǾǻʳЩ˭˸ġ
뵽ԺһǰͻȻֻȻʵĸоֻҪ˭ģֻҪ˳ϾһOKˡһסĵ˷ܣóֻǿ˹ȥ绰ͨԺĽһֱԷȫˣŹҶ˵绰
Ժ磬һӵĵ绰Է¬Ѿ׼Ӧˣھʹǳ϶Էº
Ҷϵ绰ԺһѺ÷еһߣϸ䣬ͳ»ùԿףݳֱӦȥ
κ÷ûһ٣ͳ»һɻĿ⣬װ˵¬ˣôȥеҪߵʱǽˣ˭Ҫ͵Ļ˭ˡ
ͳ»⻰Ժ󣬸ղŽ֮ʧӰ٣ȡ֮һ֡Ƕ¬ĹϵӺ÷Ŀ֪¬Ȼྩ¬ҵˣϵǰ汨¬ϵ飬һǰʱ쳣ֺǹġ˵¬ˣȻζʲôɵ⡣


ڰ˰ٶʮ 
һһ֮ڵڶδǵӦˣ˵ߵǸ٣İٶ๫·̣ȷʵǳټһȥӦ춼Ϊ£ٶȶܿ졣
ϵӦʱ򣬴¬ֻȻڹػ״̬ڷɻءһһô˵öԷĻǿе㲻̫ѳͣ·ߣһСݣȥԺ󣬵һҪһ׷æ̻ˡ
Ժһһ֧׼Ϣһ£ʱֻһһ¬ĺ룬æ˽
Ȼϣ¬Ÿ·ɻһֱȥʡίдһ˻ģʱסǱߡ
һһ;ýʡеľ룬Ӧǲ࣬¬Ѿڳˣæվȥոյȼ̶ûϣ̻Ҹȼ
һʡſڣͿ¬ƹ֮ǰƿʹһӴˣԻƹһ¬ķղϰڴһһ룬ֱվ˴ſڣԸӱֳԶԷء
ƹȻѾ¬ˣλûûʵʱб˶ĿܣΪ˴¾ܵ͵һ㣬ԼģģλջǲеĻֻ˵ˡ
һڻƹ£ֱ¬ķ䣬ƹΪһȲԺ󣬾˳
һ¬ɳϣһȥ֮ǰ࣬ɴ˿ɼʱϳܵص
¬壬ãһǰһʺ
Ŷһˣɣ¬˵
һƣı飬ȥֻ̧ۣͷ΢΢һһۣûκһıͶ
Ҫ˿쵼ı飬һûףʶػȥ룬ǲԼʲôطòλ쵼òˬˡһ򲻻룬¬֮ĹϵǣȻᵣЩûõĶ
һ¬ıǡǡǶǳεһֱ֣ʵһ˳˵ڹٳϣֻرε˸ǰŻֳһ״̬һġ
¬óһ֧ϣ׼ȥǻʱһѾžһΪԷ˻¬Ժ󣬿һ˵Ҳһ֧ɣͺͼһ˵ҲСѽȦ죬벻̵Ļǿ̫ˡ
һԺص˵ͷԷ⻰˵ȷʵеڣ˵ӭģǺ쵼ͬƽദҲ벻̡زʶһ֧һͻڹٳϻ죬ǷǳҪģΪҪĽʹߡ
˽⣬˼ʱҲ벻̡û̲ζĴ̼޷ȥ˼Ҳһ˵̵Ҫԡ
¬˰֧Ժ󣬲Żؿʵǰ˵Ǽ龿ô£ôȷϾ˸أ
¬Ͻˣ֪ĶҪؼҪĿԺ󣬲̸飬ƻҲǰ״һڵ绰棬˵òʮֱӴʡ
һ¬ԺͰǿж޹ϸһ㱨
¬ǿɳԷԷ˵ЩԺüͷ˴֡ĿǰȻûֱӵ֤֤¾޹ģЩ۵ĻҲ˾Ųʮ
һԺı֣¬ǿģ緽涼û⣬Ҫ˵ìܵĻҲǺ޹һϵ˽µġûǿ㱨ųĻ޹ҲѲ˸ϵ
һ£ʡί֯˶֪һˣпܳΪһβϴ£ĸ۵ĺһȥǲǵֱ¬а𣿳޹벻ڶ
¬Ժˣ̻ҵ̻ҸԺʵǿǲǿסҼǵ֮ǰ񻹣˵Ժûм˵ȥ˼ȴԣָ֮ǰһǿֹìܵ顣
¬壬㾡ܷģҺֻСìܶѣڶλǺ޵Ծûκ⡣һ˵
¬˵У㿴ŰɣҪС
һһ°׵ģղ˵ֻΪѶԷһ£ϾǿǸҪǳĻǿɹһһġ
¬ϵ̵̻ҸԺ󣬶һ˵˵˵ûʲô뷨˼ҼȻһݴҪǲĻǿɾԵǲصˣһöԷʧ
һ벻¬ȻôҪ飬һɵ˵ͱԷˡ¬˵¬壬Ҳ뷨ȥһЩźǣЧá
Ŷ˵˵㶼Щʲô¬ʵ
һ漴ǿȥԴе飬¬һϸĻ㱨ѻʳķԼ賧֮ǰǷݿԵ鱨飬ص
¬ϵı鲻ɵñȥȷʵǳ죬˵һڱ£ĹؼǾ˭ֱʡ
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¬ͻȻʲôƵģ͵ؿ˵һ֪λǴӹԴй𣿡
һ˵ͷ
Ͷˣ˵ʱʱ򣬺񲢲ĸԸģڹԴǱû˳ȻŹġ¬˵ҼǵԼ˵һΣҲøˡ


ڰ˰ٶʮ 㡭
¬壬˼λܺͻʳϹϵһֱʵ
ղ¬İʾѾԣһе˼ƾ֮Ĺϵ뵽ʲôȻֱ˵ҪҴš
¬һµҲֻһ룬ĻЩͲͨ˵ǸгȻֱӺƿĶ飬͵ذǸöĵùȥƺҪһʲô
¬壬Ҳôģǿȥ˹ԴСһ˵ҸǴ̽Щ˭øģϾףȥĻӦûջġ
У¾㰲ŵȥ죬ʲôҪֻܿڣŸ㶨¬˵¾˵ɣһмҪ˵һ˵
һΪ¬Ϊε飬벻ԷҪ˵⵹е֮⣬æϴ̬
¬һڲԺ󣬿һ˵֮ǰͺ˵Ǻҵ飬ڿԶǵԤҪӡԷںóʱ֮ǰԻʡˣүһߣЩȫˮˡǼпܽλĻᣬһλãڸ߲ѾĬˣı䣬޿ܡ
һ⻰Ժһ벻ҾȻ˳ֵ׼Ƕ˵ĺܳһʱ䣬ٷǳϾս䲻ú£Ҫ˵һѹҲûеĻҲܡ
ȻҲһ񡣡¬˵ĻҲǰһ־ڵʱ䲻βʲô仯㡭
¬˵Ժ󣬹ͣ˻ͷһһۣԷϲûκ쳣ı֣ﲻɵð˵ͷԷȻ󣬵ôԺԸǱȽϳȵģȫ˷ġ
һȻκα仯ȴסһԷ˼ѾȷˣҪһˡ
ʶԺһ͵ڵ֪¬үӲеʱĸ˵Ҳһ¡ʱô붼⣬ڿʱпָľһ硣
뵽ԺһʱͶصĸоڹٳϣҪѧϰĶ̫ˣһԺһҪǿⷽѧϰһǳҪԲá
¬ͣԺ󣬼˵һ£ʱȥһϴڲίʧҲ׳ɼԶԣĿռһ㡣ԼǸʲô
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һ˵Ǹгﻹģ븱˵Ƚ϶ԣͦϲгλõģȻǳίȷʵܸɳһҵ׷
˼Ժһ¬˵¬壬ûκ⣬ŰɣѵĻҲν
ǺǣУ֪ˡ¬΢Ц˵ģС²ˣүȻˣ¬һǸ¬ң˭ôôġֻҪǹͬŬδһġ
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˼ɵԷӣֻͶԷ˵ǰһ㣬һ㲢û˵˭ȻҲͳ嶯飬Իǲ˵Ϊ
һϳԺ󣬲û뿪ʡУڳϵһ̡֧ǰ治Զ·һ۶ĳͷ˼ǧող¬˵ζ鹤ԺӦþͻȥˡ
ԣһ£Ҳ¶ģ֮ǰһҪ޹ǻ㶨ĻԷпܺʲôҳһȥʱҪľ͸ˡȥĻ¬㵱֯ϴ󣬹Ҳô˳ֵġ
صңڴԺһϸζһ¸ղ¬˵ĻпĶࡣԷĹġչԱʶԺ¶һҪԷ޹ʯ
ҹܶҹ£޹еһȻղ÷ϵǷйˬ죬ǰٵľԺ󣬲


ڰ˰ٶʮ 
ڶһ磬һͺǿϵԷһǳ˷ܵϢǿ˵Ȼ޷ȷʳǸ˭øģһԿ϶ǹԴߵˡ
ϢǴӹԴиһƳǵˣλƳʮˣ˵ûʲôǡԺǿ£Է֪Ϣг˵гͲ¶ûʳ£ĻȵùĽˡ
ǿæʲôԭ򣬶Էʶ¹ϵشԲԸ˵ǿȻʹ˻Էؿƿʵھеⲻȥˣ͸˵ڷ磬˵ͨʡί֯ˡҪµĻùԴߵ˳֣Ǳ߾ͻ˽㶨ġ
Ϊ˷ֹǿţǿڵӡ֤۵㣬׼ڻʳ£Դ߲ǣڲҲκصϢˡ
һԺ󣬻ȥһ£ǿ˵°òȻʡɣ˹ע˵ĿǰʱӦúٴʲôмֵˣʱ˵ɡ
ǿӦһҶ˵绰
һ֮İžǲ޹ǿʱٹȥҲĿĵģʱ򻯷ʳ˵Ҳ˾裬ʲôϢĻˡȻ±Ƚϼһ֪򲻴ĵֻͼ֮
ϣһָϻС
µĿǰΪֹǸһˣһָֻƽ
ѮʱǿȥһιԴСιȥԺǿջܴ󣬲ǷǻʳŴ˴ģŴƺ޹֮ĹϵͬѰ֮侹Ȼ˵ô󷨣˵˾úǺЦ
޹ڹԴԵһֵʱ򣬺ŴƵŸˣΪҵֵĸֳ֪ô±ŴƷˣûţĳҹ˶˴ϣ˻ʳĳ֮ǰֻǻеͨԱ
ǿ˵ԺһһǳҪ⣬ʵ˼һʳʵǹԴҵԵصģ
ǵģȻҵǹԴлʳʵԵصҵǿ͵
һ⻰Ժ˵ͷԷ˵ټܶҵҵƺܴһǺõģЩֱǻʡĳĳ죬ʵ塢˵СڻĹҲǼֲˡ
һôҪϢԺ¬ȡϵ
Ļ㱨Ժ¬ҲܿģյԴлʳʮа˾ź޹йϵֻҪȥһջģԺǿСɫһΪˡ
¬ἰ㣬һ˵¬壬㲻õģ治ǻ黥𣬵ʱȥλгܴͳҪĶġ
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СӵķӦ湻ģˣͷĴ󵨵ȥɣȥԴԺ󣬺гʱбҪĻһҡ¬˵
ͨ⻰һָܵ˶ԷΣֻ˵¬壬ģһ°ˣ׸㶨Ļݡ
СʲôˣѵҪ˵ûгǸıѽˣ⻹£ˡ¬Ц
һǺɵЦҲҶ˵绰
ѮʱĹһˣص˻㱨뽻¬޹ϯ˱νᣬ϶˴ҵ븶ͬʱҲĹ˵˳ɼҲָ˲㡣
޹Ҫ½׶λĹ˲ã֮ǰҶ֪ˣûʲô⣬ֻһ˾ɻ󣬱˵õĳʱһ£ȴһ¡Ҳ˵ȫʡҪµײŽεֱʱ˰¡
һԼµеԭ򣬵ǲǣҲȷȻȥ¬˵㣬漰ճ̰Ĵ£ûд޿ĵͷǲеģȻҲų¬˵˶Է֮һ飬ĵطֻۻˣעҪȫڹԴǱߡ֮ǰ¬ǰǿ˺ڣҪǵʱ㲻Ļǿɾѿˡ
һҪʼˣԲ˶ڡһȴ˿иڶϾͰſͺǿټһԲߡ
ٽ˵ʱһֻȴͻȻóһ׸ĵ绰⵹е֮⡣ΪԷʲô˵׸ڵ绰ȴ˵һԶٷûпա
һе֮ĸоǴӦԷųԷĻӣʲôҪ˵
׸绰Ժ󣬿һߵ޹Ȼ˵ӦһԷˡ
У쾿ô˵յ㷽磬ǧҪ˵©ˡ޹˵㿴һ֮٣ڴ鷳ԺһҪȡѵѽ


ڰ˰ٶʮ Լʤ
׸⻰Ժ󣬺ǲҪ˵Դеʤҵ鷳ôôȥأҺ˼ԩ޳ģѵԱ˳ˣ
⻰ֻ룬û˵ڣԷϾǸøӻҪģûҪôΡ
ڶϣһԼΪ׸ܻ벻ˣ˭֪˰Ժ󣬲ŷòΨһĿˡ
֮ǰ϶ԷлҪ˵ȷˡһ¶ɫ׸Ķ뿴Էʲô˵
һٷԺ˿ȥ˼־⣬һǹװģ˵׸Ǽ٣ֻˡ
һһǳһŵϳԺ󣬳׸ӻ֣ټ㷢˳ӡ·Ժ״ָ̬˹ղųԷʱЩ׸ǽžƾ˵ģװƺȶˣƶǶġؾʹˣֻţ˵̬ҺΣ
ͨⷬһٷ֮ȷϹԴе޹ġڿӲûʳֻΪ͸ŴҸİ֮һиεԭ򣬷һᵽʳͻС
һӼᶨҪ͹Դгһµ뷨޹֮֯ǰû˱ˡȻ֮ǰйڣζ飬޹׸ȥҶԷĲӡһʤҲԲӣĻǳȡʤĵˡ
һһٴͬʱκϴβͬǣʱֻһ£ȥĵطҲ˸λ鳤ͷҲ£ĿֱָԴУֻһڴ׸硣
µ׵ʱؼĻ칤ͽˣѮʼһֱףмʱ䡣иʱͽȡһǰͽȥĻ¾еͲðˡ˵λöǸոյģĶڳһλأ
һ֮ǰѾͺ÷ˣǳ·ߺ׸ǼʱߵһȻ˵ǳ飬ÿжҪȥģؾͲȫȥˣȡķʽһҪԭҪΪ˲öԷоѹԴΪص㡣
ĳʱϺмʱغϵģҲҵһҪǳʲôĻǿɹǺһġ
һź÷󡢳»ԴеʱѾʮԺˡʱ˵ĹעʱҲȽϳԣʮ£Ҳû⣬ʣµʱ䣬㹻ˡ
һڹԴ죬ٽʱ˸绰Դгʤ˵ĩʱݷһ¶Է
Էսӵ绰ʱ򣬲Ǻ飬һ˵ҪȥݷõʱסˡһԺʤЦ˵촦ǲ˼е˽Ҫһ£㿴ô
У鷳гˣ㿴绹磿һʵ
û£ʲôʱ촦㿴ʤʵ
˼ҸӣȻҲҪȥڲԷʲô·£װûк³ġ
Ǿңг㿴ôһ˵
УʱҾ͹촦Ĵˡ
г̫ˣĳ߶ˣټһ˵
ʤҶϵ绰Ժϰϵһ֧̣˼绰˺þãҲûȻ绰һȥȵ绰ͨԺŻͲ˵Сѽ˽һʡί֯ɲһҪϸһģҪⷽġ
Է֪˵˾ʲô漴˵ǣδӹλ鳤ˣӦòʮҡ
Է֪˵һʲôȻŵ绰˵ץһʱ䣬͸ϵӦȥٺҪϢ
Ҷϵ绰Ժʤڲ裬ﰲղŸһ£ʵǺʱһԷĵϸб޻λ˵ǳҪϣκβӡ
һȻʤôĿģЩĵģֻҪԷӦ棬˵컹Ǻ죬ûʲô
磬һ˯ӣͰֻˡһСʱʱˣѾʤסС棬ҪȥĻǺܷġ
һϴԺ͵һվһİˡʵ˭
촦ãǵ顪ѧǿСƾͿˣгҽȥվ˹˵
һ󣬵˵ͷڲ輸ϵְڳ¶˷䡣ϳԺʼĥԷ˼ǰ绰ȥʱ򣬶Էһ䲻ȵ̬쾹ˣһʲô״ԣӦһ¡
һڳ¶ĺ棬ʤſڵʱ򣬶Էţһúɻ󣬶Էô֪أĪ칦ܣ
ʤһԺ󣬱ֵú飬ֱӰѶԷý鷿¶һ˽ȥȻ˳֪ϰλ촦̸Ҫ飬žˡ
ʤһɳԺʤһ̸֧һЦ˵촦ǲ˼ѽе飬ԡ
һӹͳžһ˻׼ΪԷϣͬʱ˵г̫ˣ̫ðˣǺǣ˼
ʤڶԷѴ͹ĹУæһץɳϵĴŶԷȻΪԼϻ˼ǶڶأҪĻе㲻֪ˡ
ȻɲԷֻһ֮ȴûϵ׻ǲΪ


ڰ˰ٶʮ ɫ̸
һ˶ԷĶҲûн⣬ֻЦЦѴƶ˹Լ˻𡣼ȻԷ̬ȱȽϳϿңĺͺ̸ˣʤ˵ûʲôʵԵİ԰еһڶûɾܾ
һлԺһŶԷ˵гҽҪм㱨һ¡
촦˵ҿɳеղ󳼣Ҫ˵㱨ʲôģҲӦط㱨ʤæ
ǺǣУҾͻ˵Ҫгæ֪гܷи㣿һЦ
ʤ΢΢һԷѻ˵ֱӣеϡ
ϣѾ㱨λ촦ˣҲֵúƵҪԭ򡣳¶һʡί֯񸱲¬ˣǺ޹֮ҲôԸһ޹˷γͻȻģ󣬵˴֮ǽˡ
õϢԺʤŲµһԭˣ˵ǲǣдٹ۲졣׼̽һ¶Է벻ûڣԷȻֱ˳
ʤ˼ԺЦ˵촦ǸˬѽȻҲҴˣֻҪܰϵæûжһĳܼģ¡
һ⻰ԺﰵһֻϺ꣬⻰ȥǸʵϵʲôҲû˵ܼܲ˵㡣˵ԷʮΣǵ취
ղ֮ѡֱӱԼ̬ȣʵԷһ̬ȣǴų̸ġڿڹУҪٶעһ㡣һҪͶԷ̸£ԷԲ᲻ģֻڶζȻ̫ߣе㲻̫ġ
һһ£˵г˵׸ڹжʱ򣬷һС⡣Ϊһ֮ҲεģԽгǸϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
⻰˵úˮƽ׸ȻһĽǶ˵ǴԷ˶ԷΪһ֮кҲ֮С
ʤ⻰Ժﰵ룬Ȼǳģ¶Ϣûʲô˵ġ
Ժʤ˵촦̫ˣֻһСᣬ账Ҳʶ˴󣬱ûм׷ȥ˵һҪлأĶҵ촦ĵǸ
һԷĻе·ˣҲ˲٣ǻģͷһͷȵĻǿɽ⡣ܶԷĿеɶһĿĻкܴľ룬Ҫٽ
һϵĲ豭һԺ˵гӦ֪ιǶ֮ǰ鹤һ䣬¼ȻѾˣǾΰҸղŵ˼гæ֪ɷи㣿
촦ɾе˵ЦˣǶ˲ģҪô죬˵㣬ôڷҰæôеѰҿĵ˼ѽʤװ˺Ϳġ
һ⻰һҲԷΣ㲻õʵʵڵĶĻǾԲܵġЦ˵гЩҪ˵Ǿûʲô˼ֻ˵֮Ŀһµģң͵ڰԼгأ
һ⻰ǳֱף֮ô˵Ϊ˸߶ԷҺ޹֮Ĺᡣ¶˵ҲģûҪװһ²ؼ߸߹̬ˡ
˭֪ʤ⻰Ժ󣬲һ飬Ц˵촦˵⻰Ҳϡ缸⻰ĻһԥģڵӦҲҵĶľţҲల¡˵ʲôʱҲбҪʱ򣬸Լ𣿺Ǻǣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵гˡֱԣ⻰ҵĶ棬ôеԲԵ˼׸ڹԴʱõǻʳ飬ҪǻһҵĻгԲ˵Ļ
ʤ⻰Ժһ˿ŭɫΣǱһˡղĻȷʵ˶ԷҪŻɴ˱֡
˵ﶼ£˫ѾûʲôˣҪ̸Ľ⡣һΪĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫ㶨޹ֻҪɹĿľʹﵽˡ
ʱʤԽǱֵ޹أԽöԷΪź˭֪뷨һһ۾ͿˣúеҶǳϵˣ˵Ҳȷʵװȣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲԹñˡ
ʤ̧ͷһһۣ͵ؿ˵촦ʱܱȫʡ֪Աλʲô뷨
һԷ⻰ʱ򣬺мֲ⣬ǺǸղĵĻţ༰ѽ֪Էô˵ڡͷһ˼е׶Է˼ˡ
˶Էһۣ̽геΪˣʱȻȫʡһ飬עĽֻǸɲ罨裬Ǹ⣬ɲǵĹעΧڣ˵⼶𣬺Ǻǣ
Ҳһ˵ʤЦ˵
гղŵǸ⻹ңҰһˣһġ
Ŷ֪촦ܷ͸¶һǺηˣҲи׼ʤȲʵ
ŶԷ˵⻰ղŵ˼һģҲʤΪעġʱһֱпĲȻۿȥòˣ䶨һ̣ǾԲ̤ʵġ


ڰ˰ٶʮ һ
Ǻǣг⻰ɾˣһ˵һЦ˵ʱ¬һгʲôģȴǲˣԿ϶ǱĻпգȥӦʱҿ԰¬ߣڶԱλĿһػ칤ָͷġ
ŶǾ̫л촦ˣĹԺҾȥʡݷãʱɱǽ˵Ļѽʤæ˵
г㿴⻰˵ģԿѽһ˵ˣʱҾҪʡҪʱгһֻǲ֪гǲܳʱѽ
ĵᣬһѾȫ϶ԷʲôˣһӲӥҪǲ⻰˵¿ڵĻǾԲܵġȵ鹤ԺٰԷֱҸʱѶԷȥ֮ǰ¬ѾйˣҪʱ򣬿һ
˵ΪʲôҪ˵أҲһŵһҲöԷ̫׾ˡоϻ̫׵õĶû˻ȥϧģʱ䣬һ¶Էθڣʡ
ʤԷѾ˵ˣҪûеʾĻǿе˵ȥˡһԺװ͵ʲôƵģһ˵ǰʱ䣬ʳԺȥһµĿʱϣ촦ӦõţһᣬҾСù
ǺǣǾллгˡһĵ˵
ôʱŬöԷɿˣ̶ֻȣǲġлԺһ˵г㿴ôʲôط֣ǹԴ飬һ֪ͽ̡
ʤ˶Է⻰Ժ󣬵Ǻܿĵģһ˵Ҫ˲˽Դûʲô̫ϵֻסһ˾ˡ
Ŷǣһæʵ
Էشе֮⣬ʵñȽϼ⻰ʳȥԺԼеʧ̬ˣ֮ǰѾѻ˵ˣѲҪڲҴˣҪȻǰ¶ԼƵĿܡ
촦еĻʳܹעĻŴֲİɣʤ˵Ǹˣһξƺ˵ίǼҵźԼҵģûʲô𡣺ǺǣҶô˵Ǽ٣û֪ˡ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵Ǹѽպ쵼Ĺϵÿɲѽô˵Ѳ˵ĸϵȻڶĹУ⣬ҾһҪ쵼ӳ
ʤһĻûпڣֻص˵ͷ˵ģѾ˵ˣʣľǶԷˡ
˵Ժʤվߵſڣѧǿ˵Сѽȥһҵİ칫ңѷڱչǲĵùǱչԿףǡ
˵ʱʤȻ
һ״΢΢¶һ˿΢ЦλǸС΢ˣ˵кηѵȥİ칫͵䲻ɣ˵ˣ˵ϰԺֱӰ˾ˡ
˶Էı֣һȻЩˬǶȿ⣬Ҳʲô¡ڿʼ˫ںϵˣԷһ㣬ԣҪڱס
һʤʮң㴫ƵʤԺ󣬴ӶԷнӹߵһǰֱӵ˹ȥ
һҲûпӹԺ󣬳Է˵ллгˣҾͲϢˣܶϣٺϵ
У鷳촦ˡʤ˵
ʤԺһֱһ͵¥ݿڡһɵð˵ͷԷľٶҲΪ˱ľġһĻɾͺðˡղȻûֵʱöԷһ㣬ԷһѾˣûҪ˵ˡ
صԺһĵһ飬ǴʤǸĶǲ٣ǸزŸĿԱ棬顣ЩԣɶǺöѽһҪúѧϰһ¡
һע⵽ϺȻˡ޹ǩдɷġɴ˿ɼʱԷдֵʱǶô緢ջ᲻ΪʵĿͲö֪ˡ
ͨղźʤĽһ֪ʳʱ޹ѾԵصίˡһĽò飬ȴίǵǩѵһΪʲô
һЩպԺ˸ղʤ˵ĻҪ¸㵽޹Ŵµ㹦⵹ʲôΪѵ飬ԷȻǳҲڵģҪĻǿСһ
ݸղʤܵŴڹԴǺеģﶯֵĻʮа˾Ż޹ȻĻǾƲԴУʡֱˣһĻԷͷۣҲӲˡ
һͷԺ󣬱绰¬˹ȥ˰ȥԺ̸˶ŴϵĿڿһһؼ㣬һҪ϶µ㹦򣬲ǧֲܳĻпܳһľ档
˻㱨Ժ¬ܿģ˵һҪʤҲһӦһ£ŵ绰˵һѽµĿǰΪֹĹô㣬ͲҪˡ㲻̫ʺͷ¶棬һᰲźһеġ
һ⻰Ժ֪ԷΪãæ˵У¬壬ġҪʲôĻֻܿڡ
¬һҶ˵绰


ڰ˰ٶʮ ϶ط
ʤһԺ󣬾ȥμһ극صԺѾŵˣһͷ鷿
˹һ㱨ԺʶΪԷλټӵƽģҪȻôỹ֮ѾʵְˡǵԼʱòƲŸոս˿Ƽ
ΪԺ뷨ûѺһĻ浱¡һ棬Էıִ֮⣬Ϊܸ㶨飬˭֪ӲԷžͷˡ˵նԷӦΪ¬ˣʤԾòǺܻ㡣
λ˵һõĻᡣί֮ڹԴѾˣαճλãίǡгȻоģ˭Ҳ˵׼мı̫ˡ
ΪˣδѣݷˣҲ˺ܶϵҲ̸ˣʱ֦һŪǿ޵ĵطûС
벻һɶԷΪʡɲж鳤ءڿʱҿûôҪȻǻ֮ˡԷղ˵¬֮ĹϵԲǳΪС£һδʡίίӽˮˡ
ڼȻѾӦһˣһҪó޹ǻ㶨ˡһʤͺǲˬڹԴеʱʡ쵼ţͲϵغʤװơ
ôȥˣ벻ԷԶԵܳгϹڻָʹȫʡĻ䷢ѣ̫ɶˡ
һ˵ǻҲûȷʵһԸڼȻԸ֣ںƸģòҲ֮С뵽Ժʤﳹװ
Ժһʤȥ¬̸µʱûд棬¬ȥģһҪܾˡ
ʤҪ¬һлҪ˵Ƕ㡣˵¬ΪʲôҪкȥһ֪¬˸ʤԼλãҲǱ̧һԼ
ʤ¬İ칫ҳʱϵıܿġһղһֱƿİ칫ͻƹģʤˣ׼ӭȥͻȻ޹Ӱ칫˳
λյľ־ֺ׼»ˣٿȥģ˵޹ǲĵģͲö֪ˡ
ⲻгϡѽģҼǵôҵԺûɣôᣬȥ޹˵
ʤҲǺ֮ˣ⻰ԺЦǺǵ˵Ŷԭ޲ѽһᣬ쵼㱨ģͲ߶ˡ
һ⻰Ժһ֣һһ̫˼ˡ޹ղǻԵͷԾӣʤǰһʡί֯ļӡʤ⻰쵼㱨ģûаϵ˼ǱΪʡί֯쵼ˣĶ죬Ķȥ
һ֪ڵȥʱˣȻҪ޹Ӧʤǰһ¡ܹ֯Ȼһ֮Ⲣʹ׻˵úãǿѹͷߡ
Ժһ˳ȥװ֪ʤӣ˵г쵼̸ˣôҲһһɵء
޹ĥôϷŪʤأͻȻһ֪Ӱ·ɱˣǲˬɫһڣʵһ㲻涽ôֻˣ˹һҪеģɲɹġ
޹һڣͰһñֱӿ۵һͷϡ֪ԷôǵģҪͷֻȷѡ
һղŴӻƹǳʱ򣬾˺޹׼ԷʣһҲ⡣
װһտ޹ӣԾ˵޲Ҳѽãղֻעгˣ˼е
һ⻰Ժ޹ûñȥԷ俴Ƽ򵥵Ļ˼ȴֵζ
޹ô˾վǰôܿüʤ޹أ˵˼ڸ޹иûΣô˵Ҳָ޹ղų𣬾ΪûкֱӰ޹˵رСˡ
޹òУҲһҪ侲˵һСôءһղŵǻƽϣǽץס֮ǰʵǸⲻţ촦ô˽ԻزˣѵǵĶ鹤ˣ֪Ҫµذɣ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һЦ漴һίģ˵޲ԩˣ쵼һôԻأˣ£쵼֮ʲôѵͨ𣬻ǡ
˵⻰Ժװǹ̽ͷ˶Էһۡ
޹⻰ټϿһһı飬ûԷˡʤһһۣһȻⰺͷķ¥ݿȥ
ֵܱһֻĴ󹫼޹ȴڵѪ֪ʤˣ׼úԷһģԲſڶţһԷ㱨ڵãû赽Էһǰһģ̫ٵˣ֪Ͳˡ
һʤ޹һƵ߿ˣ˻һۣȻЦ˵ͷһҵ˺ĬͿ⣬оĺܲ
һ˼׼Ӧһ죬һµ֮꣬˭֪ʤ˵ʲôҲԸ⣬˵ʱǳ⣬ȥԺ󣬻һҪءԷ˵һȻҲûǿһʤĳԴиȥ
޹ղŭУ鲢ûϸ롣ص칫ԺѸղŵһ룬еɵˡ


ڰ˰ٶʮ ŮԮ
ϴһǷţ޹ѾûκáһĻȻܶ¬κӰˡֻһϣǲҪöԷǸġ
ĿǰԣԷûз֣е׼һǵˣʤôһ¬һȥأѵΪ˶ԸԼ
뵽ʱ޹ֻú亹ֱðվͷĲӬһ㣬ڰ칫תȡҪʲôֲ֪Ӻδ֡˺ð죬绰޹˹ȥ
һڹԴǰһʮ죬ʱȻ㹻ˣԤƵеĻࡣ¬ĽѸ鶼ˣʣµĿɾͺû̫ϵˣȻ˻ȥ㶨
Ժһӵ¬ĵ绰˵ԴлʳǸŵĳѾֵ̰˴ˡƨɵ²ɾúܣνȥԺûиʮ꣬Ǳˡ
¬ͣԺ󣬽˵˵λ⣬Ҫ˶þͻˡǸΪ˱е鶼Ļǻûʲô취
һ¬ĵ绰Ժ󣬸оһ˿ɣҲҲֵǡ⵹ȷʵһ⣬Էе鶼˭Ҳûа취ҲǶˡ
һӵ绰ͬʱ޹ҲӵһŮ˵ĵ绰
绰ͨԺŮʲôҲ˵ֻһؿ޿ġ޹ķѣʲôɥѽ˻ôţл˵⻹Ŵأ
ŴƱ˴ˣŮ˵˵
ʲô޹ֻͷһˣæʵ˵ʲôʱ飿
ϣ׼ȥģڳŵʱͻȻ˼ˣԳзֵ̰ģֱӾͰ˸ˡŮ˵
ϵ飬ôڲŸҴ绰޹ŵ绰ŭʵ˵Ȼܵͣȴһ֮
Ů⻰Ժȫһ͵ұ׼Լȥ취ģ˵˼Ҹǳȥģܡ
޹⻰Ժ￩һ£ȻԷеָ˭ҪǱ˵⻰һţ⻰λ˵ɲˡ
꣬޹ŴƵŮʵҲûʲôϵˣһ棬÷ȶԷࡢƯȻ䲻̫ϡˣһ棬ŮҲ»Դеϴ󣬾ڵط϶ԣλɱҪţ࣬ҪȻŴҲѴ꣬ȥίǼҺԼҼһǶ˵ûдţ
޹Ůûȷ˵֣Ѿһûôϵˡ벻ٴϵʱ򣬾ȻΪ飬
Ů˵ʲôûԼ˸˲͵飬˳ˣǻλ˵ܲ˵ʱǲ֪ǺˡȻԷ˵޹ֻˡ
Ů˼޹þò˵ֿʼʹɱﵣŵ绰Ժ󣬱
޹˿ķ˶ԷԺ󣬷ŭ˼㣬뻹סˡŵ绰˵ˣ֪ˣ˽һ¾ô£Ȼﷴֳ̰ģ㻹ȥô˵˵Ļһҹã˵ǰɣ
Ů޹ĻԺ룬Ҳȷʵô£һ£ŵ绰˵УҴһ⾿ô£ȥû취ҪȻĻûˣء
޹Է׼ʼʩˣæŵ绰˵ˣ֪ˣȥ˰ɣˣˣ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ޹ӱĸ¿ɷͬСɣҪԷ˵ɾ鷳ˡֻǼϣڹԴеλںŮˣ鷳˭棬͵Ľ׳Բ˶ߡ
ģе㲻ϾɲһС£һĻǿɲһأֱߵĵ绰һȥ
ȥԺ޹ﰲҵλӦʿкһλ˵ûʲôµĻӦò޹ҲǹٳˣЩ˼ﻹǺġ
Դλ˵ĵ绰ȥ˼Ӷӣ˵ŵˡ뵽ʱе㿴Դеλˣ϶Ůʱ򣬵ͦģˣæԼժһƶ壬ıӡ
޹绰Ůˣתһ룬ǾһȣŮҲʲôûԼû೤ʱͺͱ˹ˣôҲۡ⼸ŮȻ˵㣬뵱ʱζͦģٺúһ£Ҳǲѡ޹а
Ժһ֮ǰĵıʵŴƽȥԺʼһԲܰ참Աô֮֮飬޶ԡ̬ȣ˶޲ߵĸоӦˡΪŴ˵˲ϣģʡˣùԴзֵ̰˺Ǳ
ŴƵ飬¬ҵʡĹϵټʤϣΪ¶Է׾ٵ飬벻ھȻˡ
¬绰һ˵һѽҪʱȥһ£´һ£ȥĻɲǸ취òõĻǺ뱻
У֪ˣһᾡȥġһ
ڵ¬ǾԲģòŵ붯޹Ŀɲô򵥵顣յĶֻ˵ڹд⣬ЩԷְ㲻ϣ˵ˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ȡ֧
һ½廹ϵˣŵ֮ԻţΪﻹл룬֪һ˾ģԲıֵġ˭˵ǲɵһ
¬ղ˵֮ôѹ޹һʩӵģĻԴϴ֮ҲзݣĻʤ򣬾Բỹôġ
ѵǰԺʣͺðˡ֮ΪʲôںʹԲΪҪ޹ǵŴƽ⣬ܻǣŻô
һˮĵ֮ģһǣҪ˵һ覴ҲûеĻ˭ҲšôĿĺܼ򵥣ֻΪԱб޻
ĻһȥԺбҪҶԷͨһ¡Щ鲻˼Ҳûף㻹˵ǲǳ˵
Ժһûԥҵ֮ŵĵ绰벦˹ȥӵ绰ǶԷ飬ԱԺ󣬶Էһ㶣漴˵촦Եȣȥûпأ
һһԺ󣬶Է˵绰
ô˵һνĿǸӣ֮ҪԸĵ绰Ϳˣ֮ڽСŶԷһĵ绰ģΪģҲôġ
ԺһĶߴ֮˵ι촦ã㻹
飬ãأǵĻᡭ
Ŷ촦ǵĻѾˣ͸תȥ˵
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һЦԷĻشȻ֮Уֻ˵ã鷳ˡ
촦
һ֮ͨ绰ֻܼ̣һֶӡ
һ׼ȥݷһ¶Էʱ֮Ųûƴǣ˵ҪԺʱ䡣
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ˼һ漴Ѻ÷йϸ䣬ֱԴȥˡ
ͶԷԼʱ磬֮ԽͳΪ֮ǰȹȥʤһ£һһҲǴк
֮ǰһѾ˽ˣԴͷ֮ܲԸѾʤ£ֺ֮üȥˡΪ˱Էʲô뷨ǰͨһ£ǺܱҪġ
һ֮һҪ֮ų棬һ󵨵뷨ǾǲöԷϣܴ仰ŴơһĻͺðˡ
뷨Ҳȫǳ˵ΣϾԵ޹֮šֻҪ״ûбҪΪѣϾŴѾݽȥˣ֮Ҫǰ̫ĻǻˣӴһʰҲûпܡ
һпܳɹһҪ̣ڽл죬֮ſ϶Ҫ뿪Դеġܲ˳뿪뿪ԺֻȥδЩΪĵģûҪЩСϾ
ĿǰһѾˣȥҶԷ̸ʱֱԼǴ¬ġĻԷӦû˵һ㡣;ϣ¬𲻵ãҪǸʹʲôģҲʲô¡
һһ˵֮Żеĵġ
һٽʱ򣬵ĹԴ
ڰ·ϵʱͺʤϵˣԷ˿˻Ӧ졣ʱǳؼʤӦҲ֮С˵һѾڸԴе·ˣһԺ˵촦ɣ㵽ԺҸطҽһϻȥ϶Ҫһ㡣
һԷô˵Ǻܿĵģæ˵Угæʲôʱ䣬عԴԺֱӴҵ绰еǳҪˣȵԺһסĵطöŷ㡣
ã촦ǲ˼ˣӦһʵѲʤ͵
гҶæһæ˵
˹ԴԺһһұס˵ط˵㶫Ժص˷档ڲʤʲôʱټһ·ȷʵۣԱϢһ¡ĻڹԴУӦ챼һ£ֳǺбҪġ
ʤһʱѾҹһˡ̸һСʱʤŸȥ
һµľظ߶ԷʤҲһķǿȡġȻ֮ǰ֮֮еìܣĻǹģûʲô˽֮ĶԹ
ʤҲϣŴƵ飬̫Ķڵ֮ſ϶ƨˣȴҪȥҼпһֵݣϣǹԴеȶ
Ժ󣬱Ļ̵̻ģŴƵУǽ飬е˵ѽ
һʤҲô˵͸ˡԷ֮ˣΪʲôģһǷǳ˽ġڼȻҲ˵УǾζ³ɹĸʻǷǳġ
ղǵϾ˯ˣʤԺһȴôҲ˯šСʱԺһԲ˯ˣͷŸߣٰͷȥڴ¡
ȿǵǰ⣬֮żԺ󣬾ô˵ܸ״򶯶Էɺ֮ǰʤĽãǸ˫λǿװǡ⼼ɲһĸߣһҪȫ֮ߡ
Ժʤ֮֮飬뵽ҪԵмĹȥĸؼУ֮ǰĺɲŷǳĲ죬ҪԵ˺½Ӹӡ
֮ǰ¬˵ģҽǿƽ뻴ʡĻƱػǻһӰ졣ǿһȻ쳣СĵȥԣʲôĻùĿɲһ壬һ󴮵˸浹ù


ڰ˰ʮһ 㶨
ڶ磬һԼݼ˹Դί֮š
Էĵʼʱ򣬱ֳһݲ䲻ȵ̬ȣһᵽ¬Ժ󣬶Է̬ȲתһһҲ⣬ԷʡίίԱίǣĶСϺ׷
ӦӦ˵ǺܸˣĶкõ̬ȣǿе˵ˡһᵽ¬Ժ漴˱仯
ʱѾзˣ¬̴޿֮󣬳ʡ֯ʵʵڵʡ쵼֮ΪһίǾţ棬ܲʡ쵼ˡ
һõĿʼԺͺ˵ˡһᵽʳŴƵע⵽Էϵıе㲻Ȼеˡ
һ΢΢һЦ˵ǣŴƵ˵⣬Ӧúﲢû̫ϵ쵼ǹעҲ˵ɱ䣬ԼγΪһ֮ģǲеְλʸ񡣡
һ⻰Ѿ˵÷ǳˣԷҪǻ᲻ίҲǰˡ
Ȼϣ⻰Ժ֮ŵϵıһԺ˵л촦ָԽȷʵе˼ɣҲֵ֪Ĺؼʱάֵطȶѹһеⷽȷʵеˡ
ܶԷ˵Ժͣ˻ͷһûнĻȻղǻ˵һ룬Ӧûġ
֮żԷһ̨̫ļƣ룬濴˵Ķ֮ǿ֮ǰеСˡ
һڹԴжʱȻ֮һԹٷЩǳĽ˲û̫๵֮ͨŶ˲ʮ˽⡣
֮ż˼һԺ󣬽˵촦Ȼѻ˵ˣҲҴˣղŵǸ˭˼ˣǡ
˵ͣ˻ͷе˼Ѿˣղ˵ǻǴˣǴˡ⻰ȥеһٵĸо֮ȴҪôʡ
Ȼ˼ҸŴƲǳ֮ģȻûбҪ˷ˣȻѾˣ;˳ĻܹҪиͷ˵ˣʵĿģֻΪ˸ԼҸ̨¡
£Ȼˣ¬Ϊʡί֯񸱲ˣһίȻӦ˳Ƕ쵼أҲ˵֮һʶʱˡ򵥵һʻ澹ôѧʣΡ
һղһ˵֮žˣǲе㲻ʵȻƾһһ仰Ȼ֮ϽŷмУʡķ紵ݶָƣһ¬ĹϵȻӵһĵ绰Ժǿ˽øΪϸ
ʱ䣬¬Ϣܶ࣬¬Ժ󣬴ҲŻλʡί֯񸱲Ȼλ͹ԪϵĶӣ̫ˡ˵Ҫ͵͵˼ģǲ
ǰԺϵ޿ıλ켴˾Ӷߣǹ¬ʡί֯һֵϢҲʹˡ
һ˶Է⻰ԺǻһȣȻͷԷǰ죬ѹ˵ǣһССĴʸ˵⻰𣿡
һĻԺ֮ŴЦ
һ֮ǳԺ󣬸оɡ
Է󲻹Ӧٴұ̬ᾡܵȥŴƵĹҪ²ҪǣҶȥ¬ڿܵ£˵һ仰
һ֪ԷȥѾ㶨ˣǾǺ͹Դһ̩֮СȻͬίǣĲɴȥˡ
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׸ȥ̩һ֣Ǻܻһ˼ġѹŴһҪԭȻҲųŴƵŻ߷áЩע̩ίǱͱ΢ˣһھʹӦһҪڻ¬;ϵ
ȻʱѾˣһǾϻسȥ̩еĶѾˣΪ鳤ԴҪǱעϣҲһٵġڼȻѾˣٴҲûʲôˡ
ڶ죬һԺ󣬵һǸ¬绰㱨ȥԴе
˻㱨Ժ¬ǺܿĵģֻûϱֳԸһѽڿµ̬ӦòյĽôܿ϶ǲֹ̫ۣ뻹Щطò̫λģʱֲ
ã¬壬֪ˡһ˵ʱ䶽鹤ѾӽβˣҲûʲô飬Ұٺúĥĥ
УǾɣʲôĻүٽ¬˵
̣ͨ¬ֵúܵ͵仹Ǳ¶˿̵顣ٻαװĸ֣ڲ֮䣬Ҳ¶ʵС
ļ죬һһֱо飬ܾûʲôطҪŬһ£ǾĶһӻơ
µףһ׸ͬʱ˶ȫʡɲĶ鹤˴µˣһصӦ졣
֮ǰ޹Ѿ鳤ֱȡϵǶ˷żһܡ˼ż汼ҲǶǵĽ͡
һȻǳԶڷʳǵ޶ǹؼʱڣȻܹȥġֻͨ绰磬ϵο˼֮顣СëëѾˣѾͨ绰һѽѽĽˡһȻ˼ϵЦȴʼղϡ


ڰ˰ʮ ᣿
صӦԺһֻϢһ죬ڶȥ
ŴĵһڴԺõòУۻ˴ǰ䳵ϡ
ٺȥԺ漴˽͹˳ˣ֮ǰѾǱӣʱҲ޿κΡȥԺ󣬾ܽϷ˾ţ֮ûʲôЧӣһʱˡ
һĻ˴ھǽһ֧ţû˾һ顣һȻôһ飬ȻҲĽãκж㡣
˰ҳȥ˼Ҳ־ֵġͶʽ٣տžʹˣ˭֣ʱ䣬ΪԽأ
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ĵ𾢣һֻͻȻóһȻ־Ƶĺ롣Էʱô绰أһúǹ죬ߵһԺ󣬲˽
һĶأ˵绰ͨԺ־ֱʵ
һæش־Ƹ磬أû£㡣
ϴ˼Ժ־˵ʲôҲͬһٽϰˣһ־ƸӺ棬ҲƺԷΪ־Ƹ硱ˡ¬Ҳз˺һһֱôƺԷˡ
̩Ǳ߳ˣг־ߵңЧѾȷˡ־Ƶ˵
£гȻˣһͷðǳʺţôأǲʲô飿
һ£ʵ־Ƹ磬⾿ô£һгôأ
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᣿һѿ˵
ͷе϶ԷĽˣºϵҲûУһ˵Ȼȥ̩Ƕ˽ͣŵĴССִ⣬ûκӡ
촬ҵ̩е֧ҵҲȫʡǳǰһҪԭһɹǿɲһǮǮʮҡһҸһʾ޴֣һĻȸָȻȥˡ
֮ǰǺ㹵ͨ˵׼ûȥĶ־ڵ绰ͷʵ
־ƿеˣȻָ¬÷֥еġ
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ѽֻҡһ˵⣬ͣס˻ͷ
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ãǾлл־Ƹˡһ˵
־Ц˵һʲôϢĻҺϵ
һҶϵ绰Ժе㲻ˣ̩еĳгô£ôôùأ
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Ϻһ绰ԺһƵ˹һԺϿʵһôˣʲôˣ
˶ԷʻԺһʶԼʧ̬¹Ҫ˶þͻᴫˣû˵ıҪͰѸո־ƸϢһת
˱ߺȲ裬·ԵĿ
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УʲôҪģֱӴ绰ˡ־˵
ãʱӦòϡҵȵȥһˣһҲʶӦѶȲ󣬵ʱ˵ɣ¬˵
ʱԺһ֪绰Ȼ¬־ƴģĸжѡ
ϳԺһֱӻؼˡҪúһ°־ƶ˵ǷĿɲĿռ便ж
־ڵ绰˵ȻǸгĲɴȥˡһںʱ򣬾иܵһ㡣
һгѾһţĴˣеȨܴ󣬵Ļϵ쵼ڸгǰϳ˵룬ܶһ޷ʵ֡һһλĻᣬҪ˵ĶĻǿȫǳˡ
һԺһͷ侲гҲãͨгҲգǱϾԺ飬ǰҪľҪ⼸¶鹤ĳɹúһ£ԱϰԺ󣬼ʱϻ㱨
ˣ绰׸Ҳǰ׼һڿڸɲʱѾˣЩɵã뿪ʱæңͷûĹǿɾе˵ˡ
뵽ʱһԺ͵է֣޹ʲôҪȥˡ¾ͺ뵽Ǹйϵ׸
첻Ǵ绰ˣѶԷԼȻҸطú̸һ̸ˡˣЩ֮ǰ׼õĶᵽ˸óʱˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ҪСʧ
׸о֣޹绰˵һԸҲû⣬֮ĹϵþûˣԸҲ
ʼԷʱ׸ûʲôס޹˲ŴϴˣһʱͻһΡ
ƺȵһʱ޹ͻȻп˵һҪǳˣ׸ļʲôġ׸ûüػҲ˵ƵĻ͸ǲˡ
Ȼ˺˵˺üӣϵջ쳣ơԺҲûаʲôĿ˱ֱӻؼˡ
׸صԺѩ˵¡Ҳ˺ܹ죬׸ʱûµĻٺ˵һǳˣںݽȥ
׸ΪȻ֮Ȼദúǲƽʱڹ޹Ҳǹգʲô飬ǻȻȻغͶԷ޵ġѹѣٺõĽҲŰԼȥ
¹ȥոһ죬׸ͽӵһĵ绰Դ֪˶Է¬ĹϵԺ׸Խû֮ǰ뷨ˣʵʵøڸ˶κͶԷĽ·ԭˣԲΪԷʲôģ˼ҵʵȷʵһϡ»ӲҪͶԷǲϵ
׸ΪԷԷ֮ǰԼƵ֮ŷԭԷж˳Էһû֮ǰֻûʧ飬ĵسԺ
극Ժһ׸˵账ҸطһеС£æƿҲһ𡣡
׸⻰Ժһ࣬ԷǵԷô򵥣Ҳ̫ĵġ£Ҳû뷨ˣȻҲõһôǵͷӦ
ĶԷԺȻ֪Ȥɢȥˡһվһһ˳ȥȻź׸ƿһƵ¥跻ȥһ֮԰Էǳġ
Ժƿһһë⣬׸ϲë⣬ɲ˶֪벻ƿȻҲ֪⵹е֮⡣
ȲԺ˱̣߳ߺȲ裬ȫʡ鹤˵š˵ţ֪˭˹Դе飬ʣʱ䣬ΧǶչˡ
ŴƽȥԺı֣һ͵ʵ账ƿ˵Ǳߵʱ˲ƬЩ׼
һҪ׸ĸԭѾƿˣЩƬȫ׸ûɯɯжϵʱ򣬲ûóĵذ¸Ĩˣһһ¡
һȥԴ֮ԺŴǱѾ¿ˣ¬׼ֶ޹ˡûЩϣҲӲ˸ϵеһʦĸо
Щϣ˵ȫʡзֵ⣬ȥղŷĳˡһĻ˭Ҳö˵ʲô
һа׸ЩƬóģҲɵӣʲôֱܷ治˵ϿɻжԷĵĶֻҪ͸һڷ¶Էͷ
ղųԹԺƿҲһˣΪ˳䵱һ֤˵Ľɫ̸ˣ׸Բ֪Ϊڡ
׸һ⻰Ժ룬Էȷʵǳģ֮ǰһղһ˵æʱ뵽˴һ磬Ļ벻ԷʲôҪæġ
֮ǰЩƬ⣬ϾʱĵʱƿͻɯɯڳġɯɯûʲôĵģԷҲ˵ˣ˵һŮˣҲô˼ƿȻпܰй¶һڿȷʵô¡
׸ȻҪά޹ţҲκνڿԲóЩƬ
׸Ȩ֮ʣƿ˵账֮ǰ촦ʱ˵ЩƬϴԺ󽻸ˡǳעϾ¿ɴСǿɲСʧ˵ǰɣ
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˵ٴ󣬶ҲС£ԼСҲǴ£ƿ˵ǲСʧҲǶԶԷһǳȷѡ
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Ժ׸ԥˣһ˵촦㿴ӣˣǲ϶ඡЩƬƿԺϸоһȷʵ⣬Ȱһߣ˭֪ʱһȻǵˡǺǣȥԺһǲ䵽㱨ȥ
һ˶Է⻰Ժŷʱ飬׸Եµ˳ֵʶҪȻҲô˵ڿЩԼѾˣԷ
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׸⻰Ժ󣬺ǲ죬Ȼһⷬ˵ǡ澿ʲôأѵ
жݵʧ׸Ǻܿ췴Ӧ˹Ц˵鷳촦ˡ˵ͬʱֽӹֻɫŷ⡣


ڰ˰ʮ ̫
׸صԺȲشŷ⣬ֻ칫˾ҪŷƱ֮ǰ÷˵ֻǸӡȴк÷۾ǩͳ֤ʵʵԡ
׸ѩ𿴼ЩԺֻöͷ亹ֱðæʵô£Щ˭ģ
һ׸˵Ժݸҵġ
ôЩأѩԾʵ
׸⻰ԺҲһͷˮһԺ󣬻شҲ֪Щôϵģʮа˾Ǻ÷ӡģ칫˾ŷƱҾ벻ˡʱһһرԹǱôûаѷƱģ벻ȻǶ
ѽʱҵĻʱǱǮ˻ȥˣҪȻڵĻɾ鷳ˡѩ˵
׸⻰Ժûпڣ˺һᣬŵ˵ѽʱѣˣԷҪӲµĻҲûпܣ㿴֤֤ȫѽ
׸˵ָָǸĸӡϺ÷۾ǩ
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ҲѽԷȻһС֮ǰѾӦˣȫûбҪЩѽ㲻ô˼׸˵
ãҲûһȻ׸绰̽һ£һôشѩҲһ⣬Ǿɷ绰ȥ޶˽Ҫǲ¸ˮʯƾû취˯
绰ͨԺ׸Ǻһ䣬Ȼֱ⡣
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һ⻰ԺҲЦ˵账̫ˡ֪¾һżȻɺϣ˺ͨ;˽⵽ѾĨƽˡȻĻȥ׷ʲôģҲûˣ˵ǰɣ
Ǻǣǣǣ׸æ˵л쵼ģĹ֪ôˣһˡ
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֮ǰεظԷڿӡʹӣ£ԷҲûаЩóҪǻĻȻжԷôĶԴǶ˵һǺеġ
׸̬ⷬԺһǺܿĵġȻһֱ׸ôԸʱһЩСˣһֱûжԶԷȡǳ˵ֶΡʲôԭأ
˽⵽ɲԺһˣҪ¬λøŵĻ׸Ǵˡԭ򣬵һһֱ׸ȡԽΪݵ̬ȡ
˵ˣƨɵǱ˵λã˼ԹԣСҲ⡣˵׸ЩҲ㲻̫񣬻һܵķΧڣֵ̫ĻǾˡ
һһԺ˵׸֮ǰǱ˴֮ܶһЩ⣬ȥȥɣһЭѴã㿴ô
У˵ôҾôȥ֤񡣡׸æ̬ʱһ̬ȣǿе˵ȥˡ
һ˵׸ѽ⻰ɾ˵òˣɲһģǴҵģԵһԽ⣬ôܰǴøã˵ǲô£
Ǻǣǣǣ׸Ц˵
һѶԷǰı룬ֻ˵׸˵䲻˵ĻԣҾһͣԲϣ̫ʱҵ϶ÿ
׸⻰Ժ͵һԷ⻰˼˵ܳڴڸɲλϣֻһѣԴ˿ҪһŽľ棬˳ʹȥһĿĵء
׸Էô˵ĿΪ˸԰꣬ȶԷԺλòĻġ
Ƕ˵Ļȷʵô¡һԲλȥȻĻʲô˼أû϶ԷԺλûԼġ׸ǰ˿ͻȻֻȻʵĸоĹôȥˡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһղŶ׸˵ⷬϸһ飬ʼ˵ÿеˡȻ뿪֯ѺˣϾû䵽ֽϣ˵˳ֹ֦
תһ룬Ҳûʲô˵ģ׸ˣҪ볹䳼ͱóӵܴӾϳ״ݿҶڻģװǻƵһ׿϶вͨóʵʵĶ̧ͷ
׸Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬰Ѹղźһͨϸת˵Ժ󣬷޶ɳɵã˭ûп˵һ仰˵ͷо˴δйѹ֣־壬Ҳһ˿ҡ
Ժѩ˵쿪ʼҪתһ˼룬˼ĲʵڲܵġȥǺúõر̬Ҳ뷽跨غ֣ϵһ£߷·ߡ
ãǾô죬Ӧòʲôµġ׸⻰ȥڰοӣʵڰοԼأ


ڰ˰ʮ Ҳȥ̩
һܵϢʱȻȥеʱҲֻת˲ŵ顣
һԺܾΧʲôһб߽ˣһ;ÿЦ֮Ϊ֪ȱ˶࣬װһһȵģʵ֪ҲһЩƵĶˡ
ǰһĻһ֪޹黹ڲﴫˣҪȻҲһ顣ڻĹľڵһЩϢˣܶڻϸոɢѾ֪Ϣˡ
޹飬ʡί֯˴޿ĺ¬⣬û˱һ֪øˡҹʮӵʱ¬һ绰޹ϸһܡ
¬˵ʡί޹һ÷鸾ߵģʱί˽ȥʱֻһڿ㡣ʼʱ֪ǰʡίģʵ
һ汻ߵģʱ׼С£쵼˵ǲࡣסԺ󣬲Ÿ޹ȥӶһ¡
֪޹˫ϢΪԾ׸ǵ˰칫ԺΪ˵Ժ󣬲֪µġʼʱе㲻£æ޹ĵ绰
µ绰Ժ׸ȫϢġʮӵʱ˲ŴĴҲˣһ׸Ӳе㵣ģһߵĻ᲻תһ룬ЩȻߵñȽϽǲûв֮顣
ԺҲ͵֮Ҳ֮ĽܲΪЩ飬Լ߰ɣҲ̫ˡ
°ʱ׸ּ˶ָָģиղǸ뷨Ĳֹһ˶ôġҲ֮УϾ֮ǰߵˣʣµҲʱѡ
׸ѾƽǿԺֲˡصԺȥǴ绰ţһ¶Բߡ绰ѩѾƿ˼šڵλ˵Ժһ°ʱ䣬æҸϣѹֵ顣
һСʱȷû׸ʲô£ԷſġڿµĻ˿ʲôⶼѾˡ
ѩɷһۣʵ˵ȥǣûȥأ
ӵʻԺ׸͵֧֧˵ԺҵͷһƬң¸ˡ
ѽԽǵʱԽҪ򶨡ѩ˵һϰ͹ȥһ£һһһҲһ£û顣
׸͵һ𣬿ʵ˼˵޹λСйϵ
أѩʵҪûйϵĻѹԴĵƬȥ⣬ϴβҲ˵޵ǰǿһ
ѽ׸һ˵ڿȷʵô¡

һԺӦһ굱ȵʱ򣬾ܰ칫ҵĿյͣһȻϸСĺ顣
˿̵е㲻ˣ¬ʱ򣬴˸绰ȥ칫һˡ
Էʱ绰Ϊʲô飬һǰ־ƾʹ绰ˣ˵֮ǰ˵£¬ڰţĻ⼸ͻϢˡ
һ绰־ƣʾʲô¶ԷЦ뻹ˡҪǱĻһûô⣬г񣬶һκһ˵ǷǳҪġǳ񸱵Ļ˵࣬Ļÿ˵ɫ£ǽܲˬ
һʱ򣬾ȥ¬İ칫ҡƹ¬ڿᣬûлأһȥƿİ칫ҡ
ƿһԺæվݲ̵ġһ״֣֮Ľ飬òûҪɣԷİ칫ңҲһģò֮ǰûмһʲô
ƿһһؿ˼ЦЦȻ˵Ҳǰ쵼ƨȥԺ󣬻쵼ա
һ΢΢һ㶣漴˶Էе˼̽ʵôҲҪȥ̩У
ǵģʱϰѾ̸ˣȥ̩ɽءƿ˵⻰ʱβסĵĵ֮顣
Ϊ飬ҲǶϱˣɿġ
һ⻰Ժһæʵǵί
ƿ֮ǰǸȥһ뼶ġһ棬ĸλãȥ˴Э⣬ʣµľǵίһˡһһʣҲݵġ
ƿûвһϵĵĿֵУʻԺЦŴ˵쵼ģɲôģҾͺˣĶиһֵ
һ⻰ԺһһԺʵίǱû˻ˣȻҲ֪һûĻᣬѵһֶĿԲ󣬵һʱա
ίûжԭġƿ϶ش
һ⻰Ժﰵ룬ȥĶأ
ǵúǵУѧϰԺ֮Ȫȥ̩еɽسȻƿȥسǶԷһλˡ֮ȪһǿƵˣټڹϻеģǨҲȻġڵίǲûлˣȥĶأһﻮһʺš


ڰ˰ʮ ӦĻ䣡
һԺһʱˣ¬İ칫ȥˡ
Ժ¬˵ƿ飬һһ֮Ȫȥ⣬뻹סˡ¬ǸϽ⻰һʣһܸо⡣һɲϣ˻ûȥöԷ
˵Ժ¬һֻ̣Ȼ̺һǰһӡһҲûпһֱ֧ӵ˻
һԺ¬˵տ˳ίᣬѾˣ֣ͻ̸ˡǱ߳Ժеңʡ˼Ǿȥ֮Ǻгͬ־ǵĹڵƷǳУǧܳʲôӣ鷳
У֯ϵİšһ˵
һĻ¬ǺһЦȻ󿪿ʵͲһ¾λãܲܳί֮ģ
ǺǣһЦ˵֪¬һźˣҲûʵıҪˡ
һ⻰һ㲻ţƾ¬˽⣬ҪûйҳίĻȾӦû˵¡ڵô£Ǵ𰸾ͺˡ
¬һĻЦ˵ǺǣСӿаѽ˵δһ£ڵȥԺܹҸίҪǳĻǿ붼Ҫ顣
˵Ժ¬ͣ٣˵ڹעλõ˿ɲ㵽˵طԺһҪ͵ܵŽߵͬ־ԻԴ̡
һԺ˵ͷΪλã¬һ˲˼пܻ˴ۡһĻһҪúøɣܲԷⷬŬ
¬İ칫ҳԺһԾúѹ֣λԽߣѹҲԽ⻹һû
ʱϴ˵绰˵ԷΪףһԷ֪ϢһһҲ⣬˼˹ܵľȫʡĹñӣʡ±仯ֻҪ֪û⡣
ٽʱһͻȻӵĵ绰˵ҶϪѾԷ仯ˣҲҪףһ¡
һ⻰Ȼûоܾĵ˵Ҳ׼ȥ֮ǰú̸һ̸ڿ͸ղײˡ
һӦˣǿģ˵һټԺҶ˵绰
µ绰ԺһһԷ˼ȴһֱѡرܡöԷӦÿиõĹޣǾô׵ظ棬ϣͨϵ̸ܸıԷ뷨
ߵʱһϡҶϪһ˽̻ʹ֮ǰѾˣһ˶ʶŮŮ崿Ժβø߸ߵģѧһ㣬һидԺԲòȡˣ߽
극Ժϴһ˽˻һһĵطȥκܸߣ£Ҳûעˡ׼һĵģһûлᡣ
ʮһʱ뿪һȻ֮ãʵ뷨ֻ˵û˼ڡȽ϶࣬һеͷĸоĶ˼עЩ绨ѩ¡
˻ԺϺֱһһкԺ󣬴ŮȺ뿪ˡȻȻ䵽һϡ
ǰʱһͣ˳һ·㾿ô˵öԷġһֱͣˣû뵽ʲôõ⡣
һ׼ڣȴѾ˵ˣ磬ףѽԺ͸ˣ
£һ⻰Ժһæʵ⻰ʲô˼ѵ㻹׼ٽ
ܣʱ֪ˣټ˵ƿ˳
һסԷɿΧҹ˾е㲻ôһѱǿɾ鷳ˣֻܹһ˵ˡ
ڶʮң֣Ԩһȥ֯ʱһϵеıԺ߾ˡҲûеΣΪһ֯ˣ޹ΪʲôùһȻֻһҲ˿Ĵ⡣
һ֣Ԩİ칫ֻһӵұˡԷһ֧Ժ󣬾ͰΪ̩ίί鵣θгļ˵죬ҲʱͶԷƿȥ
⻰Ժһ΢΢һ¬֮ǰӦú֣ԨйˣԷ˳ͷ磬Ҷġ
֣Ԩİ칫ҳԺһо޹һᡣڸɲߵѾûйϵˣ̩ҪŹȥĿǰҲûйϵҲ͵øˡ
ݵ˷Ժ͵ͷ֮ڣвȥ֮ǰѾ¬׸λãƼͺ˲ŴĴС˾»ת顣
ҶԷ̸һ̸⼸飬Ȼ¬֮ǰѾӦȽ϶ֹ࣬ǣʱһ»Ǳġ
ɲλҪкһŵĻӦ׸ˣҲԭˡ˵ϼͣڸ˲ٵ࣬οҲĻˣҪһѡ»ǵڱʱ򣬾ʹӦģҲһˡ
ڶֱ˵ңһŰе鶼á
һҵʱ䣬˰⣬ȥݷķ壬˾һβ͡κʱȻͬûһȱϯ˶ȥú磬׸ϯ䣬ƺʲô˵˼Ժƺû˵ڡ
һļƵ608ʱ򣬹ȻŲûƿԺ̸꿱͵˹


 ̩ͼ


ڰ˰ʮ ޿ĵ
̩λھý֮ϣͻʡӦݶٶ๫뻪ĹĶжҲǶٶ๫ྩеණƳǶһ·ϣ̩̩ϡ̩ڣڸߵĳҲǲġ
Ȼи٣أ֣Ԩһƿ˰˵ʮ־ʹ֯ˡԸһ㣬֮ʣͻȻϢ˵޿Ҫһǡ
⵹е˵֮⣬һƿ㵽˶Էİ칫ң֣Ԩڳš졢˾úǹⲻȥҲǵ⣬ϾǴϰټ˭Ҳҵ
֣ԨȻҲ֪һҲżóֻŪƣһСʱҲȵ
ڹȥ֮ǰһƿһͷˮʵе벻õʡίί֯ʱǹȥʲô顣
ڴ޿ĵİ칫˽Сʱ֮ǣ޿ĳȥúøɣҪﶪʲôģҲû˵ʲôһֱΪԷģȡ
޿Ŀ˿̧ͷ΢Ц˵УҲˣɡ֯ǵңʲôίˣֻܹ뿪ˣ¬˵ǰɣ
һƿ⻰Ժ󣬻һۡһ˵ҴƿлһֱǵĹĺչˣǵ̩ԺһͲﶪ˵ġ
޿ЦЦû˵ʲôֱվ׼Ͷ˳ȥһƿ״֪ǺãԷʡίί֯ʵʵڵʡ쵼ȻҪǳţԿ
ȻûҪ޿ľȻˣҲһĻǲá
ٵſ֮ʣ޿ͻȻ˵־Ǹͬ־˽ǵ̩ԺпܵĻҹעһ¡
˵⻰ԺֿƷǳһļһ¡
ֱ˿̣һƿ׶ԷǹĿģǻûüڣ޿ļ˵֪ˣͲҪͱ˵ˣ͵ͷӰˡ
⻰ԺסˣôҲ벻߸ϵĴ޲Ȼ˵һ˸ж
һ˼Ժæ˵޲ģ쵱棬Һͺƿ˱̬ǵ̩ԺһȻ㱨
Ǻǣһѽ˵Һܸˡ޿˵ֻҪܸô¾ˣʱϵ̫ż¾ô򵥡нˣʱҹҸ绰ˡ
һƿ⻰Ժһһ
޿ļ״˵ʲôҪҰæģֻܿڣȻϾҪ˶ˣҵӻܹܵõģʵڲеĻҾȥҳǡö˶˵һ˵ûûˣҾͲŻôɺϵ顣˵ʱ򣬴޿ĵе㼤
£һƿȻٶ˵ʲôˣѾ޿Ļлˡʲô˽⣬һ޿Ҫ˵ʲôǷðˡ
ϳԺһƿ̫ߡ֣ԨȻԴ޿͵ؽȥе⣬Ҳʲô¸ʣʲô²ʡڳһԲмΣȴֲ֪˵ʲô
һŶˣӦһгˡ֣Ԩ˵ɱѽͷͷԷӦһûӦ
֣ǰĩѧֱӳƺС졢СͿˡƿ˵ǰɣһһ˵
ƿһĻæӵһг˵öԣ֣쵼ǰѧϰİ
ǺǣǾͷӿˡ֣Ԩ˵
Ҫ˸ǰܰڸļӣλɶ¬ĸ˼ҿδϴôۣҲʱװƵġ
֣ԨͣԺ˵һгҸղ׼㣬ʲôҿô̫ɣѽ
һ״Ͱ˵˳Ȼû˵ϣֻ˵һѡ֣Ԩ󣬵˵ͷû
˵̩Ժһ䳵ģǳ̫ˣһǾѱɣɴȥȥ£ԼĻԵе̫װˣԺͳ»һкѳȥ»ų֣ԨİµϺء
»֯˾ǸԴӴ޿ĵĵһ˾תԺѾöûôõˡȻˣĽʺޡ˵һŰѳ̩ԺͷĹʹͺ˵һֱ˹
ͺʱ⣬ԸʵˣһжǰǸһ͡»˵ҪгȥöԷȥҪˣ˵ˡ
˳ĻԺ֮䲻ڳĬˣһһȻͬһλ⣬˵Ķ࣬ʲôġʵʱʲôν飬ֻҪɵڳˣĻҶΡ
¸֮ǰһ˾ѳʻ˽ȥǶ˾ˣЩ鶼һ˸Ժ̩еһӭӣȻǿġ쵼ҲѽҲҪ֮ģʱһ£Ϊʵġ
ܲڵԺ󣬵һͳϴּܰɣ˼쵼ôأȥţòƲô죬̫ʵġ
СʱĳԺȷʵˣԺ󣬾վϴּǰչһȭšƿͳ˸ɢһ֧һ״ͳžһΪԷ˻


ڰ˰ʮ ֣Ԩ
ΪԷŻһŴһҪΪ˵ƣƿ»֣Ԩ˾æеĴʾԼУЦ˭һгԼǲǻ
˰е̳Ժ󣬱׼ϳˡߵǰʱͻȻɳӵؿʻ˷һʱ䣬ģǺֱҪԡ
һ״üͷһš˵ЩغѽôҲнܹܣǷǳİȫѽҪǳµĻǿǺأڸٹ·档
һĻԺ֣Ԩƿ΢΢һ㶣漴ƿ׹ˣŶԷĻͷ˵ѽȷʵһص⣬òɽؾڽײɳȽأʱ򿴿ǲǸùעһ¡
֣ԨԺеôˣûв˵ĶԻ˵̩еûκιϵһͶѣûбҪС
˸Ժ󣬳ǰʻң˾˳٣΢΢תͷ˵ǰ̩еˣ㿴
Ŷ֣ԨһƿʵλǳģȥһˣҪȻ˼Ҫ˵ûòˡ
֣İšƿ˵
һƿﶼ̩еȻŻӭǵţҪӭ֣ԨġλǼ֯񸱲ˣ̩еȻҲ֪ϢˡӴ̧ڼȻôõһ¶Ļᣬ˭᲻ȥϧأǲɵ
֣ԨĽǶ˵ȻҲϣôһĻᡣһԱ˵Ҫ֯µطⶼһɺԵءһƿĿľǣһ¬ǰˣԷô˵һҪģһ߶Ļᣬһ֪ȡԣһõ顣
һƿ֣ԨȥʮԺǲƿ˳ţΪ˸ԷһĻᡣͬʱƿŵĻ̩еһɢע֣Ԩࡣ
һƿԺ󣬸֣ԨĺǰȥǱģǽȥҲǱزٵģ쵼ǰô׷أĻǶԶԷĴ󲻾ѽ
һֱʱ֣Ԩϵı鶼Ƿǳĵģطϵ˸ӣһƿҲܸӣûʲô֪ġȵ˸ǰԺһע⵽֣Ԩɫ䲻ôˣһԿ϶һʲô֣󲿳еˬˣһġ
ȺУһֻʶ֮ţϴĿԵĽԺ֮ĹϵҲǲ֣Ԩ֮ǰѾͷʾˡ
̩дʱ쳣ӣ˶˵ģڱغ޸бҪǿһ±˴˼ϵһμ棬ͷһϢΪԺĽõĻ
֮ŵͷʾԺһԼղŵĹ۵ˣ֮⣬ֳ뻹ʶһˣҷǳϤյͬ¡ͬѧ֮Ȫôأǿе̫Ӧˡ
֪ƿȥɽؾسһְһĵУͬѧ̩鳤ȡϵ֪֮ȪλĻᣬѾ̩гһְ
һһûо˴ѡ֮ǰ㻹ûö˵Ҷֻ֪߸ѣǲǸǲС
Ƭ֣֮ԨĲ죬˶оˡߵ̩˸ǰ֮ԼίѦգȻϧˣҲԸκաں֮źԺ󣬱׼תϳˡ
̧׼ǰƲ֮ʣ˵һ䣬òʱѽ̩߿ɲһæѽ
⻰էһǳһƿ˵ģʵﶼ⻰ǳ̩ߵ˵ģ˵øֱһ㣬ǳгԪ˵ġҪΪһΣҪȻƿһССɽسǲҪĴгġ
ڵҲѹ֣ԨﲻˬΪ˸̩ģԪΪ٣Ȼ¶棬еĸоˡ֣Ԩʡί֯񸱲ˣ˶ٶ๫·ΪģҪٲ⺭ˡ
֣ԨĻԺڳ˶̫ÿˡ
֮΢ͣһ£ſ˵֣֮ǰгӭǵ飬ɺһ绰˵ͻȻʣȥҽԺܸϹˣҰһ£ϣ֣Ҫ⡣
֮⻰էһȷʵΪԪĽͣϸһȻҩղŻúõģһṦͲҪȥҽԺˣⲻǳ
ʵȷʵ֮˵龰˵˭أֱе˵ɵӶԴˡ
֣Ԩ֮ŵĽͣﲻˬ˼㣬ӱǿһ漴תͣλȥ
վ֮һ߸˸׼˵֮ȳ˵ҸϽϳֱӻֳǰ濪ʡ쵼ĳ档
Ļ䣬ǸĹֳͿͣһߵȥһԺ򿪾ƻǰʻȥ

˵̩гԪôĵӣҲ֣ԨٴĿɽ׵رһϣҲѽǽԪľһأֽҲġ
Ԫ˿̩еĸ߸ɲ棬ҪᣬԲΪ˲֣ԨԹ޳ȷʵˣҲ벻ͨ
ʱ䣬ԪǲˬгȻײˣ˭г֪֮˵Է󴫳ЩԷһ̯飬Ҳæġ


ڰ˰ʮ ˡԢ
һصĿ̣׼ͶһĿ㡣Ǳģõĳ棬ΪöԷͶʣԪҲֻˣôȥĶ֪ˡ
һϱ˵Ľӣһȥ
Ԫϲʳҹȶ˾ƣһԺûʲôζӸȥˡ
ȥϴʱ򣬷ڲ輸ϵֻ͵Ҵˢûüϴͳӵ绰ˡ
绰Ƿֹܳǽ͹ĸгܺƴģԷսӵʡί֯ĵ绰˵֣ԨѾεĳгһ̩ˡԪ˿̲͵ؼ⵵æ˵֪ˣһ͹ȥ
ԪҶϵ绰Ժɨһʱ䣬벻ȻѾŵˡҹʮңƻˣһڴϷȥСʱû˯š԰ѵӴˣֱˣ˯ţ벻һ˯˯ͷˡ
Ԫ벻緹ˣƺȶˣڲԵĻһ³ŲסǱһشſӡ
ϴͷԺ󣬽Ѿˡ̻ʵģ¾ͰһӸɾˡ
˼Ժ󣬼˾Ѿѳſڣæһȥ˾˵㿪мأ
˰칫Ժûֱ̫ͣȥ֮ŵİ칫ҡȻԷѾжʱˣһҲûеǹԷţº⣬ҪǲһĻԷȫԲ
εߵˣԷΪίֻҪһ¾ˣǻǳʡί֯ӡҪǻһ˹ǲ¶ҲδɡΪһȴãһмʲôĻǿȫΡ
Ҫ˵ӴʲôģʵҲûʲôģ֮ǰй̶ĳʽֻҪȥˡίҪǱһ̬ͬİ·̬ҲһҪģ֮ŰһֱӲ¶棬Ļ֯쵼ǰɾ̧ͷˡ
ں֮ʱԪ;θܲҪŻĸоǿŻ˰칫ң漴һͷ䡣ȥԺԪкһṦϾͱòҰ׵ģէһΪ˸Ƶء
ΪԺ󣬻һģ˭֪ɡʶһ糿ӳ⡣֮ǰһǷڱ䶳ģҪԣܻûȫ͸ӱ
ȻԭίǴ˿ѾˡӲŹȥɰСʱԺֱûУ뻹Ƿˡ绰֮Ŵһȥ߶ԷθھҪҽԺȥ֣ԺŸһ¡
֮ŶһȻڴӦ
Ԫ뻹е㲻ģ绰гܺƴһĽһ˾ȥҽԺܺˣ֮ŲŴжԷǿţҲȫԷġ
ԪôҲû뵽ûе֣ԨƢȻ֮ڻңίииϹԱ棬һԺ󣬱ֱ˦ˡ
֮šѦһٴкεĳгһҲԷһӶûֱһԵ뿪ˡ
ܺưԪ㱨ʱԴĺߣ룬ϼһδ̫һɣֲǹ㣬ֻΪθҽԺƿβ΢һ㣬ӲŸ˹˭֪λס˳񸱲ΣܳҲɣ
û£ȥæɣ֪ˡԪԲܺ˵
ܺת׼뿪뻹תԪ˵ггˣ㿴ǲǣ
Ŷ˵ɣ֯˶Ǵү˼δؿǸЩԪ˵
֪ܺԷ⻰֣Ԩ˵ģ룬뷨ɾͲˣ˼ε츱гû㣬ǵ͵͵ţˣץŰ׮ѽ
룬ܺƵҲûж˵ʲôϾ˼гİȨ˵ºûаëǮĹϵһ䣬Ѿܲˣȥ˵ʲôġ
һ˿ѾԼİ칫ңƵ֪Ҫü֮ǰ˰Ѱ칫ʰ׵ˡ
һ˿̶ǾϻидѶ·ȷʵˡļҪƸߣԺزģûİĻǲС
ڹ֮ǰһ̩е˽⡣̩ίͬһ¥ϣλ̩Զģһʮ¥ǰո˽ģԶܿüɡ
һԪİ칫ͬڰ¥ϣֻԪİ칫󣬶һҡһ֮źѦڵİ칫ңλõİźͰ¥һ֮Ѧҡ
Ӱ¥ŵİ칫ңгǵİ칫Ҷ¥Ϊһ㡣ͬӾ¥ǵίӵİ칫ңίǵİ칫ʮ¥
˵ңССкöҲûй̶İţֻǸҪԼ¥ĲãԽΪ漴˰š糣ίҾʮ¥г칫һ¥ٿ
İſȥ˵ȴһֵİ칫Ұڰ¥ȥͦģʮ˶ǳϲ֣Ϊˡͬûвϲġ
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⣬Ĺһ֪ĳϰ¡˰Ժ󣬵ȴ³ˣһ¥Ŀ붼Ҫˡ
ڡšǿɾûˣĹŴһֱԾΪ𣬲һһ֮µԢ⣬ǨĿռ޾޴


ڰ˰ʮ Сɽ
Щ䴫˵˵İǲⷽ˼ǾͲö֪ˡĹⱾͷḻ쳣ټضˡءʱӰ£µ˼ĻͱøӸѶˡ
¥㰲ŵԢΣӰ˿һ顣Լİ칫תһȦûͦģǷǳ⡣İ칫Ҫ˵ɲ֮ǰںʱ֮ȣҲֹһΡ
칫ңһַǳݻĸоľذӳ˵Ӱ⾡ܺʹɨñȽϸɾйϵذϵĻҲܳġɫƤɳһͼֵƣһȻ֪ʲôӵģԿ϶Բǹġ
칫ͨɫ䲻֪ľʣҲͨˡϻвٵİ裬ͷ͵ˮţͷǼƣûдǧǮ²̨ʼǱԣһ֪ǹһƷ¿֣컹ڵϿģ۸Ҫء
һĿһ£칫ٵġʮƽ滹ϢǰǼı׼ģļҾߺİ칫ԼľɳȻһʵأγһ壬оȷʵܲ
һɨһλڷԱߵ䣬ȻûƿţʩӦһӦȫҵξԲ͡
Լİ칫ԺһиоǾǸòٰס޵ĵطһ˳ԱȫҲ⹤һҲ뵽ʱ΢΢һЦ֪뷨ǲʵʵģвΪгŷӵĵǿе̫˵ȥˡ
һں˼֮ʣͻȻƵæ첽ߵ칫ǰϰȻſ˵
رƿˣһλʮߡٸ磬һɫȹ۾ģ˵ĺģ⿴۾ĻԲ²ʵ䡣ٸߴԼһңĺܺãҪ˵ʲôĻβزǰ͸ˡ
ɷϵ˵ƯŮκεطģһ֣Ԩ뿪ʱ򣬾ע⵽Ůˡʱ;øоܺã벻ȻԼİ칫ˣ֪ʲô·
ٸһڴҲߣĿ⣬ͼֲˡߵһİ칫ǰ˵гãǸѩޱ鳤ȥʡ￪ᣬʲôҪֻܺ˵
£ʲôҪֻܺ˵㶼һֻһ˲飬漴һȻһ˵鳤ллˣʱûʲô⡣
гСˣƺҿɵ𡣡ѩޱ˵
ССǰɲСȫΰɽѽһԺ͵һͷ
ʱԺһѼѩޱһ۾ͲЩ߰ͷΪʱǷûеõͷŵĽʵȴԵһʵǾոպ̸꿹ɽʩġ
г鳤˵ţס⣬һѩޱ˵
˵⻰Ժ̧ͷһһۣż˵ɽׯǶһ׷֮ǰǰŸгһֱûȥסǺͼһסڴСġǶĻԽϺãҲкüλ쵼סǵġ¾Сһ׷¥סıߺã
Է˼һȻóɽׯķһڱڣҪΪ־ͻʣһǰǵġᣬȻȵһˡ
˵¾СķһƷ϶Сͺɽׯһвġ
һȽϣһȻ֪ôѡˣ˷⣬滹һεԭǾǹ־Ȼ˼ҵİ࣬ⲻ˺ϹϵԾ͸ɴߵøһ㣬˵ڸе
ԺһûֱӻشѩޱĻǿʵءŶԣСС칫ӦҲǹг֮ǰʹõİɣ
һýжԷСʵеŤΪɽ廹С⣬֮಻ôسƶԷСʲôʵе㲻̫ſڵĸо
ѩޱһĻԺһ࣬æ͵칫Ѿװ޹ˣļҾҲȫ»ģҪǻʲôطģָ١
һ֪ԷԼ˼æһͣƣȻ˵鳤ҵ˼ˣҸղǻ˵Ȼ칫ãסĵطȻҲûʲôԵģ˵ǰɣ
ѩޱ⻰Ժŷǰлȫ˵ѽ˵һһģô˲أţϿһûб¶ѩޱһ˵ҾȥʰɽׯķˣͰԿ׸͹ϾͿסȥˣA4š
һ󣬵˵ͷѩޱ˵ǾллأŶԣǾллСˡ
Ǻǣг̫ˣΪ쵼Ӧġѩޱߴһ칫վЦ˵
ߵһ˲䣬һǰһƬѩףȻֻת˲ţȴӡԺ档ȶԷԺһŷӦѽԷȹڲѽ˵óѽôأ
ӳгİ칫ҳԺѩޱɫߺ죬ʲô˵һ㡣ٳ֮ʣֺ쵽ڵλãŷͷǿŦ۲֪ʲôʱȻˡǸղվʱ򣬶ԷǿԿ
뵽ʱѩޱֻߵȺģص칫ԺóһգȻ˵ġһֱ°࣬ѩޱûٳ칫һصֱӴ绰õġ


ڰ˰ʮһ 
֮ǰѩޱֻźߣ͵һǳص⣬Է᲻Ϊǹôģôأ᲻ΪԼһǳŮˣʶԺѩޱ治֪Ǻˣܹܲȥ߶ԷҸղµǿŦۿˣҹ⿪ģǡ
ѩޱþǴҲôȥ˵Ļð
磬һƿһԵķʱѾȥ̩ί֯ˣǱ߸һȥɽءίί֯൹ͦģҪƿڲԷ˵ҪûʲôĻͶԷȥ
һƿⷬԺ΢΢һ㶣֮ǰȻʶͬһϵͳģʲôģһ𣬵Ǳ˴֮䲢ûʲô顣Է鵹е˿ס
һС꣬緹Ժ󣬾һһİ칫ҡ
ƿԺ۲ѣЦ˵һҪŬˣ֪²л칫أ
˵ˣɽصñһ˵ΪҲ֪ǶȻֻһأһؼжȲϡҪ治óؽˣڼǰɽˡ
ƿԷˣҲΣЦ˵ô˵ԺҾˡ
ӭӭһ˵ɲ˭Ըģһһг˵칫ģǿɾ͡
ƿ벻һȻ˵һ붼û룬ڴҲǵνоϻô˵ģ£¹š
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦûټ⡣һ̸֧ԷյϻͻȻ칫ϵֻһ׸ĵ绰˽
׸ڵ绰ż˵ѽôѾ̩ȥˣ֮ǰ˵ȥϻ׼Զٷģ㿴⡭
һ֪Է⻰Ƿģǰ͵ȥˣ֮ǰҪԷʲôģԾװӵġֻЦ˵账֮ûҪôˣ쵽ӦûطԷˣֱӵȥʱɵɩӸ׼óԵġ
Ǻǣһ׸ڵ绰ͷЦʲôʱһǵøҴ绰ҺϼѾˣ׼úԶٴأ
Уʲôʱȥһǰ֪ͨǣ˰ɣһ뿪Ц
һΪʱɱѽ׸ѵ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһƿٺֱأȻ֪ԷЦʲô׸֮飬Էཻ֪֪һĵÿĲѣƿȻúЦ
Լ׸֮ĶԹһеӦĸоɲʱر޹֮ĶԹҲΪ׸𡣵ͷԼѾԻ޹ȴҪ֣֮˵컯ŪˣһҲû
ƿһİ칫һֱ룬֯Ǳߴ绰뿪֯ಢûȥɽأó񸱲ȫȥġƿĽǣί֮Ҫ̸飬ȥˣ´лٹȥ
Է˵úܿҴ沿鿴Ҳװǻƣ˸лԺ󣬱ȫһɽˡ
һƿԺ󣬾šİĳдӽԺ󽫺͵ĹеĹϵȥ˽ϾҲǼһʱ顣
۾Ȼһֱڵϣעȴڰ칫ϵֻ档һֱڵһ绰һֱٽ°࣬鳤칫Ҹѩޱһ绰⣬ĵ绰û
ѩޱ绰ǸɽׯǱѾʰˣһᵽԺ󣬾ͰԿ׸һ͹ȥ
һԷһлԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰ݵνӴһóѩޱ˳ƯҲǷǳģԴŮԸɲ
һҪȵ绰һйϵǾίǡгԪΪĸֱ֣ĿǰΪֹһûмԷأ֣ԨǰŸߣž͵˰칫Ժ󣬾û¶棬绰ϢʲôģҲûУ˾еˡ
һȥݼһ¶ԷΪ½гȥһµҵģҲ֮У뻹Ƿˡ
һʡ֯ʱ䲢Ժ͵طϹԱĽӴ֪࣬Ҫ̩ԺȻԵһЩ˽⣬ЩǸıԲ˵ʲô
˵ףһԪ˵·Ǻ֪ԷǸʲôˣҲͲ׹ȥˡĳ򣬶ԷΪӦȴ绰ȻгȥšڶԷȴûд绰ʲô˼һʱû͸
Ҫ˵ˣûʱʲôģⴿ⳶òûбг¸ҪˣǰгƿȫֵһҪѡʲôܺᲢ۵ġʱʲôģڵˣһô˵ʱŮ˵鹵ܻеġ
ֵʮԺһѾȷˣ򲻿ܵʱûжġһ£г£ղſʱ򣬴ҶˣһԸʲôģǿеİɣοΪֹһûкԪչ棬͸ӲԾˡ
һȻԼĶòλλгˣҲû̫ϡȻôӣҲȥͽˣ˵ˣֻ֮ͨͬ¹ϵѡ˴˶˳۵Ļһ㣬Ҳʲô˵顣


ڰ˰ʮ 
һȻ⣬ټƽˣǱȴ롣
Ԫ˿Լİ칫ǽϵʱӣۿҪ°ʱˣһȻûй绰ûУ̫г쵼ˡʡί֯һţģ绰ȥôһ¶Է뻹Ƿˡ
ԪվһץϵĹİŭȥ
ԿæԺ󣬽˳ȥ֪ϰ鲻ãԽԽǲáСĵźţһСְǿɾͲֵˡ
ϣϰӦ꣬Կ֪ģʱȥԼĻδҲ̫˵ɣǵĻԷ׼ȥĶأȻԿٶȺܿ죬¥µʱ򣬷ԪѾԼݳ뿪ˡԿһɣٿԱ֤òŰˣΣֻܵ˵ˡ
̵ʱһڰ칫ϵֻͻȻô£һѾˣ벻ȻӦˣҪ°ˣԷ绰˵ʲôأ
绰Ժһŷˣ绰Ԫģ֯ࡣ֮ǰѾѩޱǱͨѶ¼ϣίǵȫֻôĿľΪ˷ֹ˼Ҵ绰㲻˭˭ʱΡ
ʱ绰еһ֮⡣ˣѸٵ˽
һгѽǼѽʱ绰ûɣ绰ͨԺ󣬾ʹ˶Է
ಿãûСһ˵էģһĨڣͺ͵ԽϾˡ
Ǻǣö˿ɲã׸ͷ͵ġ˵ˣһ°Ժûпճ
һûκ˼ֱӻشǾллˣôأҵȼü֮
Ц˵һгɾ˵Цѽ֮иԺҲ
Ŷ̫ˣҺ֮ǿʶˡǰʱ䣬ڹԴжʱҿǺѧ˲ٶѽһһ˵
Ҫ˵ղԼ绰ĿĻе͸Ļڿȫˣ绰ǰ֮ŵĴġԸС£ίԳĻȷʵԵе̫¡ˣԾüˡ
˵Ժ󣬼ֱӹҶ˵绰֮仹ϤҲûʲô˵ܲڵ绰泶ʲôİɣҲе̫˵ȥˡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһϰһɣԸղŵ˼˵ЩϰεȻ࣬βͬĸоͽȻͬһ˿̾;˵⡣
һ֮ͨǰڹԴк֮ŵĽ;һе뷨ˣ쿴Ȼˡ̩бһ˰ң̶̵ʱ䣬Ѿһίί㶨ˡ˵ΪһֵŬĻҲ
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һ֮׳֦Ǻڽܵģ˵ʵΪֹûʲôطгˡ̤̩еأһҲͼСʱʱ䣬òƳ˺ƿһ˸緹⣬ĶҲûȥȻҲܵԷʵе벻ס
һ򲽽ʲôطòλģҲɣг£ΪгȻ涼û¶һ£ʵе̫ˡ˵ûʲôìܣеʲôĻҲڰôɣֱڴ˵ˡ
һȻʹʾҪĻͲһˡԽԽ󣬷ԽԽˣĻʲô٣統ںؼˣòҲû˭ܽô
°ǰһ绰һȻһ¥ȻҵˣһҲںû۾ˡеĻãϢܴݹȥˣλӦþͻзӦˡ
һڼĳʮңͣһҴƵǰ³Ժһ̧ͷֻͷдš̩Ƶ꣬޺Ƶӳ£ԵøҫۡϾ;úƣӦǼɡ
ԺһоǸûʣӦĽ̻ʹһƴڹģӦСһ㡣̩ȻܲϾֻһؼУʡлһġ
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ˣҲһȥкԷԺǰȥЦ˵鳤˼һ
г̫ˣҺһģдλྩĿ̣Ҿȹˡ鳤͵
͸鳤ȻˣسŶԷ˵ͷȻ˵ɽ鳤ϴǾûֳʤһҪúýһ£һгС
һղŵıУѾӦò֪߳ɽ֣ܵԽ᲻źۼظ˳һԶԷС֪΢ЦųŶԷ˵ͷʾˡ
ಿղǻ˵Ŀе㲻ѽ֮Ĺ˾Էŵٴ򣬽һҪһгˡ˼ҳէôҲþһ֮⣬˵ǰɣ߳ɽЦ˵


ڰ˰ʮ ഩ·
ԣǳɽ鳤Ƚ׼ȷǽǰһгˣ顣˵
һ״״˵ңңλ쵼
Ļ󣬼ࡢ߳ɽ漴Ц
ģƯķԱվһߣֻаˮʱ򣬲ߵǰ漴˵һȥˡȻ֪ǰ˵ݣ쵼̸ĶĴ£ɲЩСŮġ
ʱ䳤ˣ˶еܣ˭ȴ˭Ҳ뿪ֱԡȻʽȶѾ׼׵ˣԷʱ仹ûе˵ʲôʱʱ䣬Ǿ͵ÿһ֮ʲôʱˡ
һע⵽ߵʱ򣬼ֻԺֻ˵һ仰ǣԣǵˣ̩Զأãã
һ͸߳ɽ⻰֮׼ˣǸڼĺվӡ򿪰Ժվ˰ӳȥǡôֻҪһ֮ŵӰ֣ӭȥһҲԵͻأˡ
ڴ˹УһһֱȡԹ۵̬ȣͨ۲죬һȤ󡣰˵ڼ飬Ӧû߳ɽŶԡ߳ɽί鳤鳤ȻίίҪְΪίǷġڵǣ񵹳ί鳤Ƶġ
ǰһвѵóۣ֮ŵĹϵӦúڸ߳ɽܡһһ󵨵ļ裬֮ϵпǸոսģ֮ߵòŲô
߽֮ԺЦһͬ־ɽͬ־е鵢ˣǲ˼ѽǾõˡ
һ͸߳ɽͬ˵ǿˣ
֮ź˷ֱԺһƣȻͷǰȥ֮λԺһ߳ɽܺͼǫһԺ󣬲Ȼίί˴˸λҪ˵һλӦڶ֮ǰϾǳէڶ֮ϣĩ
߳ɽܺͼȻղźһǫãԺﻹǺġλĶȻ࣬ҲʲôĻǺ·ģûиһĿ˵ĸо
ٷԵúţȻ֮ǰ͸߳ɽ˵Ҫúƴһƴƣ浽ȵʱ򣬴ҶţѭԸԭȾͺȣҲСҲֻһƿһơ
˵Ķޣ˹ʡڵ⣬һЩȤ֮ġϣҶĵʵԵĶһϳԷ˵ˡ
극ԺȰ֮ߣһͼ߳ɽܵټԺ󣬱һ˳һ֮ǰѾͼ˵ˣȰ͵иȥҪȥһ³Ȼʲô
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ڸȥĶϢأ⣬һе㷸ѡֱȥĻǲѣĿǰ̩еܸӣǳէһ˭꣬ǲŽԩأ
һ֪Ǻ֮ʣ´ֻͻȻóһѩޱĵ绰ԷôʱԼ绰أһɻ󣬵˽
гã˼ҽ췸һǳصĴ󣬿쵼绰սͨʹѩޱǺ
СС˵ʲô˼ôסһʵ
˶ԷղŵǻԺȷʵһͷˮҲ˵淸ʲôʲôģҲȥԪѽλϴѽ
ѩޱЦ˵гʱҰԿ׽ԺǸɽׯλãֲ̩ˣ㿴¾ǲϸģ쵼鷳ˣʣĶأ
ſأѽû£˵ɣһ˵
ȻںԷ쵽Լȥʱ䲻ˣ˼ǸŮͬ־ȷʵ㣬û˵
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ˣιιιһ׼ƴǣȴ˵绰æԷѾҶϵ绰ˣŮ˻Ǹӣ˵¶ģеëꡣ
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һԷѾˣеⲻȥ˯ڽˣǺܲġ
̩ӦҪһ㣬ʱʱȻºܸߣǵԺ󣬱ࡣһܴųỹǾе㺮ˣæϵ̣ر˳
һǣѩޱȻԺ󣬾гˣԷļӦòԶԷԺһæȣͷ·ѩޱ״æ̧ͷȷǰڳȵʱ֪һһڳæС
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ѩޱûһ뷨ܱ룬죬ǰϳһҲ䣬ôô䣬֪Ͷഩˡ
ѩޱ첽ߵǰҲĺţæѸ˳һ΢΢һ죬˵û뵽ô䣬ԡ
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һ֮ͣͲǰΪ֪ңڵָ·ˣɰ칦ˣҲûԷڣƲѡ
ѩޱ˿̵עһղ˵Ǿ仰أഩ·ûˡѵղϳʱ򣬺һֱˣ
һҪ֪Է˿̾뷨ǻֱӰѳǽײˡղֻ˳ŶԷĻһ˵벻Ȼᡣ
ѩޱһԭģ˲֪˶·Լˡղڼʱ򣬶׼˯ˣ͵Է˵绰µ绰Ժɳһ׾ֱ˳ûġ
״ǣһףһɫĶ˯ȹ⣬¶ûУרǿ˵˯ʱ򣬴ⲻ彡һֱѩޱǲġ
Դɷǰȥ׹ԺʣһˣʵûбҪ̫ڼƽϡ벻Ȼһ˵ʵе˾еԿĸо
һôҲ벻Լһ仰ȻöԷô룬ԺûʲôµʱһμǱտڲԡֹһԺԷûзӦֻÿѯˣСıߣң
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֮ǰǶβѩޱҲҴˣ͸ǰǰ·˵
ڴһνΪƧ·Ժ󣬳һ䣬һǰ漴չֳһűȺѩޱ£һȵǰʻȥʻЩŵıһµСţȻת㿴˼СһıһӦþˡ
ʱ滹ǱȽעģıȻǰЩҪС࣬ȴΪţֲһԴĸо
һĳͣһĸǰѩޱ˵г˼ҰѳңԿڰ칫ˡ
˵Ŀֱڼҷ˴Сһ㣬һٴԹҲٷˣ˵ҲͲûԿףֲûдԿףʲôϵأ
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һɻ֮ʣͻȻһУæתȥֻѩޱڳϣֽסǰ
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뵽Ժһæ˵񡭡鳤˼ҸղŲǡô׼ݹİġ
ûûʲôг֪㲻ǹġѩޱ˵
֮ǰԷĿʱߣгåͷ侲Ժ֪ԼԷˡղǲֹһֻɫƤȴûõһ㣬׼ȥð
˭֪ʱ򣬶Է˹ǶԷ֣ͺҲɽһܽӴ
Ļȫһɺ϶ѡԷҪմԼıˣҲǰ죬ҪɵʲôĻɲô׵ġҪжû뷨ĻȫԵ³Ժ󣬲ȡΪ׵ķ
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ϵԺһͿǴԿףæϣȻѩޱ˵ҵˣԿأ
˵Էͨ˵ǶԸղǸΪĽͨ͡⻰߶ԷǣҸղðΪԿڰ档
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ѩޱʱŻһ첽ȥ
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ѩޱԺѯʵĿ⣬һѩޱ֮򵥵˵һ£Ȼʡȥ˺йصһĻ
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һԷװƵıֱֲ֣˵ʲô˵˰죬˼һûпڣ㷴˵˼ҲԣĶĵ


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㿴ŰɣʲôЩͽˡһְѲ豭һţ˵
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ǺǣģţҾͲ˵ˣʲô飬Ҳ˵ĵ˵
һһٱԷˣŪܻ˵ҿûûˣҵøͮͮͬ־绰ʡѹ
⻰ԺϢˣݹһ֧ȥʼ˵ˡ飬Ұ㿼һһ£ǸģӦǿһ㣬һ㡣ϡƱ˵߰һϴ˰칫ϡ
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˵֮Ȫķֹʱһһ£Ҫֹũҵũ徭áͨ䡢ˮʳҵƶ̬д湤
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Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬼˼һȻſ˵ҿ΢һɣĵ㣬ô
һ󣬵˵ͷȻ뿪ˡȻһöԷԪһֱ͵ſڣһգȻת˰칫ҡ
һص칫ңϰԺͷѸղԪıŵӰһһһ˳Ϊһг̬ȣӦ˵Ѿǳλˡһ²͸еԭ򣬵ԷԸƽദѺദĻȻκ
˺һԺһûһͷˮ԰ȷһߣ绹ҪᣬϻҪһԷʱ򿴿˵ɡ
һ֮ǱҪö˾ʱԼûǿɲУ˸赹ˮʲôĶ㣬ܲѩޱһ鳤ɡ
˵һŮ߻ƣһе㵣Ĵʲôʱ򣬲Լù˼һŮҲںꡣ
ԺһͰѸղƸϴó˿ʵʵͿʲôģҲû׼ֽ棬ֻǰ˵Ϣֱִһϴһߡ
һһ£ϵĵ绰һȥȵ绰ͨԺ΢Ц˵鳤鷳һ£еһ¡ԷӦԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
һṦ򣬴Ƶһ˵һ
ѩޱԺ󣬾ֱߵһ칫ǰȻ΢Цص˵ͷȻ˵гʲô飿
ģ鳤˽һ£ǰ칫˵ղư˵ϸң˵ʵʲôһ˵
˵ĿȻΪѡһ飬㲻˵ѩޱҲµóԵ󷽵˵
ѩޱ⻰Ժ˼Ժ󣬿һһۣȻ˵гղ˵ͬ־ͦģǿҴ±ȽϾ飬һ۾Щʱܲô̫ġ
ѩޱ˵⻰ĿģҪǿһ۾Щ쵼ͦģǰ˵˳˵쵼ӰӣҲ۾ҵӰô۾أ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ûбֻ̬΢΢˵ͷ
ѩޱŶԷֹžı飬²룬мʧɫܿҲǰȥˣԺԷȻ飬ҪϢʲôģɾͷˡ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ѩޱһ˵ˣʶΪûʲôˣ׼վ뿪ʱһ͵ʲôƵģʵСҼϵ˭ģ
ѩޱ⣬һ֪ԷôʵĿĺڣشгЩģ֮ǰմ»ģôʲôԵ
ô˵ĿģֹһΪǹ־֮ǰù飬ⷬ͡Ȼǣ쵼һҪٸһ쵼Ļǿǵ͵Ĵ󲻾رڹ־Ѿ¡
⻰Ժһ֪Է˼ˣǲ׼ٶȦˣѩޱһֱۣʵϵǲһࣿ
ǵģܶˣ󻹶༸˷ŵֿȥˡѩޱ
ʼһʱе㷽ڳԺˣԷܵǲһ࣬ʲô˼أѵˣɣ͵ĻҲ͵ѽΪҼѽ
һԷһɻûκν˵˵죬ѩޱӡǺܲģ¹ϵشûȫȷ϶Էֵ֮ǰǲ⻰˵ȥġ
ŶǾͺáһЦ˵鷳鳤ˣûʲôˣʱܻҪ죬һᾡѡȷġ
ѩޱ֪Էеȷѡָ飬Ц˵û£Ϊ쵼ҵң
һ󣬵˵ͷû˵
ѩޱһİ칫ҳԺһͷˮôҲ벻ףԷղôʲôĿġЩ鶼˴»ģոµģʲôҲûУ쵼ôͻȻأ
°ʱһ׼һߵģȥҳԷ뻹ˣ˵ݡλǣ˵ͬѧѣһгͺ鳤һ˿Ժôأ
һ绰Ժһֱӳ˵¥ˣͶԷԼãֱڳȡ
¥Ժһֱſȥ
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һ˵ͷ˵ã
˵һŲԺҲֱ¥ȥˡ
һ߱룬˺е죬벻Ķ̩к񲢲ʶˣôָоأ
һ˿֣һҲûзϣֱͣλȥϳԺ󣬴򿪳һ֧ԺȻԵõڳϣƹ
һṦһ·С˹һѾڳˣæкһ˼ղгҹȥһ£Եһ¡˵ߴ˳ţ˳
һ״Ц˵磬ֵ֮ûҪô
⻰ԺһȣȻʱڵУʱ֮䴦úܺãΪѧԱ飬˫йϾʱǨˣڶԷλ÷˱仯Ժе׼һ뷨
һԷҲһ̽Է̬Ⱥǰǲ仯ҲÿµڶԷ䡰硱ͷеĹɢԷǵǸһĻҲͷˡ
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⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦæֽӹһеĶȻ¥ȥΪԷ·ˡ
˼ԺһһʮͷŮڳæµţæһɩӡŮȻ֪һݣкԺ͵һ漴Ц˵гãȺһ£һͺˡ
һɳһлƵžͰѷ׼׵ˡԺ˱鷿Ů˶裬Ȼųȥˡ
Ѿһ̬ȣԾ֪ȫгӵУԺ˰뼶λĻҲûʲô֮ȪȻһسΪге㲻ƽ⡣
֮ȪɽظʲôȻǺҲò٣˶Ǩȴֻԭ̤˭Ҳġһ̩УԳгݣƵ˼ղŵ̽ԷӦûǺɵģһģĳЩ뷨͸ǿˡ
һԺһЦ˵磬ҽ̵ģ̩еܸѽյһ˾е㲻˼顣
ƿһһۣ̽ʵ˵Ԫ飿
Ŷǡһ˵Ȼе֣ղѾҹͨˣԺôȥ˵Ļͦġ
ŶѾйͨˣ˵ֲղŽҹȥ˵ȥѡ̨˵ѾͲǱߴкˡ
һϢ΢΢һҲû̫ϡӸղԪԷ̬òϵģֻǰԻжѡȻ⣬Ҳᱻһ̨ġ
һ˵ƺһڲԺ󣬿ʵΪλ飬컹ʲô飬ôû˵
һŶԷǺһЦȻ˵һҲûиߣȥĶ˵ȥ
Ŷô£ƺʵ
һ漴Ͱ飬ϸظƣѩޱţͶԷȥ顣ûʲôֵģҪǲ˵Ļһĸо


ڰ˰ʮ Ļ
һĻԺסˣϢ̫ˣгոյΣȻ͵ߵģȻϵһЩƺõ顣˭ɵҷһߣôʲôĿأһ˰˼Ҳ⡣Ƶͷһʺš
һһۣ˵Ҿ²ǳģһѾǶӵˡ
˼˵ǳŹ־ȥģɣ˶Ѿˣ˭ȥ鷳Ŵ˵ĳԾ֮ɫ
ûбŸõĽ𣿡һʵյ̩˵𣬾չĶû˻ȥԸ˵סǱȥȷ
⻰Ժ󣬾ϸһһ˵ĺмֵ̩ܺ˽ȥĿȷʵ΢΢ֻͨǲ͵һõߣԷĿģʲôڶûҵԸɴЩܲضˡ
һѾˣ˵⾿ô£ûص˽⣿
ʹ־飿Сʵ
һ˶Էһۣ˵ͷһԺ˵Ϊһͻƿڣܲܽ˴򿪾棿
һ˵ֱӣǸжԷ˵ȻǰԼ˿ģ˼Ϊ쵼Ͷ֮ˣȻҲӦñ֮
ʶԺҲٲҴˣһһۣ˵¹شûȥ飬Ҳһ£϶ǽģû⣬˭Ҳ̩еĹϵͳѽֳԪԪһдԪѽ
ǣһʵ
һκԪһԷ˵ͬһõģҪù쵼ء˵⻰Ǽ٣֪ˣڲͬ϶˵Ҳû쵼Ϲ˵
һ󣬵˵ͷѾˡ
ĸУҪžǹֺͲ֣һִȨһƿžȨһֱҲǳҵڣھ̩еƶѾԪץˡ
ֳ÷ֶĶֶӲĵƸ̨֮ǰѾͲ˵ˣζʲôɵҲó
һеףΪʲô֮žȲ׳֦Ҳùѽίǵһֽʡ쵼Ը㣬ҪΪ˵һһ֣ǿɲһ׵飬ԪѾ̩оӪ¡
ƿ˿һһۣС˵һҪ־飬;һӹϵͳڲ֣ڶѩޱġ
Ŷ˵ѩޱ͹־֮䡭һʵ
ͨĽӴһѩޱӡǲģôһ˵ԭȵǻ㲻ӡɢˡ
ǣᣬҸղŵǻǸ˼æ˵ѩޱ͹־ǱãҶ֪ģܻû˵
⻰Ժһֻһ죬ò˵ղŵ뷨аˡеѩޱȥûûεģôϸ鳤λõģΪ־Ĺϵѹˡ
һһۣ˵ԪԪˣίǳԶǳһ裿
ίȻϵͳϴ󣬵ͷԺʵеֵĿռ䲢̩ȻҲˡڹֳгԪˣԶһˡ
˵˵ͷ˵ǵģôԶȻҲģ֮ǰҲһЩŬЧԡ꿪ʼͺ͹־ߵñȽϽܾûǸɣǡ
һ֮ʵίǵ飬ǾӹϵͳֵĻԷһǳؼԪѳţҪСĻô׵飬˳ԶĽ룬Ҳࡣ
ˣһ֪Ԫ㳡𣿡ͻȻʵ
һ⻰ԺãȻҡҡͷǵһô㳡
ƽ˵㳡ԪģҲҪ֮һԹȥռʮƽף۳ԪԵĴֱʡ
ôһ˵һеӡʵǲǰոսɣʱʡﶼӰ졣
һĻ󣬵˵ͷ˵ѽԪ׼ĵһ£ߣʡľ˺üң׼˺ϵûʲôˡô£ҲǺǴʱʼԪ͹֮ìе㹫˼ˡ
һԺ󣬵˵ͷǵ⵵Ϊʱ֣ɷõģĿѩҲ׸Ӹʱһ⿪һ
ʱΪ̩еһ֮ķڿ鲢һԪ͹־֮ĽӦҲһһֻǹôʱˣҪҵĻһ׵飬һģһвŸոտʼеʱ䡣
һ˵òˣǵݹһ֧ȥЦ˵˵˵ǵѰɣҲòѽгˡ
ǺһЦѹ˵ϵܣþ˵㶮ġ
һ󣬺һЦ
˵ԺڣȻ˵֮Ȫɽ͸һ飬Ҹɵúҡ
һɻŶһöԷ˵Ŀе˵˼
ȻҲһŶ˼ЦЦԶԷ˵ľġ


ڰ˰ʮһ 컾
֮Ȫյɽصʱһ˼һȻиǿƵˣľһ֮ˣ˲ҵñŷıǮ
ʱ飬ý̩һʱӴϸߣɳĴǳḻɽصĴǾˣԴⷽµ㹦
ָԺ֮Ȫʹⷽ˹⽨ɳʯϹ˾ԭȲɳɢȫ˽߹ģɳĵ·
̶̵һʱ䣬һȫصľֵǰһٷ֮ģһʱ֮ȪΪ̩еˡܹ˳ܴسλֱԾӵгĸλϣɵһĹϵ´Ҳ˲Сá
һԺͷиֳڸٷ￴ЩɳʯĴӰ˵ĸоͷչùȻǵһҪ񣬵ǲǾͿȫ֮أ
֮ǰһû濼ǹ⣬Ҳſڿӡ˵֮Ĺϵܲһ㣬Ǻ̩о˺йصĶڿ֮ǰһҪˡ
ĵѾӽϰʱˣֻø˵ˡ
һƴӳԺ󣬸׼һ¥ȥͻȻһ˹Ժվסӹ˵гã鳤ã
һ˵Ż͵һ̧ͷһȻǸղ°ʱǸˡĹѾ˵ˣŶԷЦЦȻ˵С԰ãϰˣ
ǣ鳤˹ش
˴кԺ󣬲ûжֱͣߵһȥˡ
һǰߣ߶벽ʵ˭ôȥô죬ȴ벻Ķ
ǺǣûˣֻƬģиЦŽ͵
ŶԡԣôһѣҾˡһȻ˵ôô죬ֺ֮ĸоɾǳԭʼô¡
Ǻǣڼˣôʵ
Ľ̸֮ľ룬˵ʱҲûôˣô˵ô˵
һûлشƵĻعͷһȻƺ˵˵ѾҪϰˣȥĶأ
ȥĶô֪Ʊ˵תͷ˵ʱͣס˻ͷתͷ֮ʣҲתͷתˣתǰˣʱѾſںܽˣߣɾҪˡ
һее˼ˣ˵Ҹղ°ʱҲߣߣڵ״̬෴Чһģ
Ժ󣬺ǺһЦһһۣȻ˵˵ǲǴ󣿡
Ǻǣ˵ɣһЦ˵ȻҪȷҲûҪһʱһǵĸ鳤أ
󣬺ǺһЦû˵ʲôһ˵ݡ
һ˰칫Ժ󣬰Ƹ濴һ顣ɷϵ˵ȷʵҪ£˿һȴ˵Ǵˡ
ؼһǵ͵һ治£һҲԸõΪ쵼һ˼Ӫĸ쵼㣿ڳгȱ飬æ˹ҪǸгίҪأ
Ҫ֪Ƶλ棬Ȼ쵼Ŀӡ󣬴Ҳȥ㣬ǵ͵ĳֺã͵ʴס
칫Ժһ뻹ǾӦȥи濴ѾˣǸǲУﻹеûסҪǾòеĻԲ˼ҹԺֱˣĻһ˵ĴǷǳġ
ԺһվȥѩޱŴˣæվͶѯʵĿ⡣
һ״Ц˵鳤鷳һ£ȥ쿴
ѩޱ⻰ԺȻһ˼æЦ˵쵼ȥָǵȻӭ
鳤ɲָֻȥ˵Ϊʲô֪ġһ˵
ѩޱ˵ͷȻǰȥΪһ·ˡ
һʼһûʲô̧֮ʣһǰ⸱̫ˡ
ѩޱ촩һĿɫ㣬β߹쾡£ΪҪ·ʱȽϳͦβһִ˷ĸо˲ɵòһɳ嶯һԼ֮ǰĸоǲǴˣòβӦòزСɣ
ǰһĻһ˵治֪һǲҡ컵ľɲ˭и͵ģǶ˵˵ġһĻԺϾҪ䷴Ӧĸоɾʹˡ
Ϊոµĳгһȥ鹤ĳЩλȻ֧Կ
ʶԺһæǿԼ۾ջʮĲλƿԺѩޱͻȻתȻһЦȻ˵г룡
ԭѾ˵ݿڣһæҲƵȥԼĳЩλûзӦŮʿ棬ܲڵͷǶɣǺ˲õġ
ѩޱһı֣ú֣Էôȥе㺦ߵĸоôأ뵽ʱѩޱ͵ؼϴͬ¼˵ĻβˣҪǱǿ飬һǵĻԷղſһֱһֱ飬ĪҲ
뵽Ժѩޱߺ죬æҲͷ˵ݡ
ղڹţ֮仹һľ룬˵Ժ󣬿ռΪСһܿԷϵĺëһŮԵֱıǿ꣬һǳڣ֪ԼֱӹˣöԷԼû£


ڰ˰ʮ ׷β
ѩޱ˿ǳţ˵ʲôҲ˵塣ͨ˵ĶԺóгȻ࣬Ҳ־ɫ֮ͽ赣ĶԷڵʲôľٶҪ뷨ôˣôȵأ
ȻӰ¥¥ʱݼţǶڵ˵ȴ÷ǳŴ򿪵ʱĵײɵöһ
һҲѩޱĺˣղŻжʱ仺һ£Ҫʲô״Ļǻ͵ֱֳˣԵݸͣǰȥ׼ѩޱǰȥ
˭֪ѩޱҲͬ뷨뾡ӵСĿռ뵽Էղŵı飬˸ем⣬һ˿һᵽԺҪǱ˿ǺãԸǳ˽ʱʲô˵ó
˶ͬ뷨Ҽͬһʱ䶼жһײͲɱˡһȻȣѩޱλÿ棬ײһʱڶԷĺ档һǰһײ׷βûβ͵ģһ׷ֻѩޱķβ
һײԺһɵˣղŵǿѹѾûʲôоˣִ׷ˡһֵ鵽ĻҪ治һ򵥵ġˬܸ˵ġ
ѩޱԷһײֱӳ˵ݣǲ֪ô£תһǱľһЦ˳
һͺΣԷЦԺ󣬸Ǻ޲ҸطȥԷûǺοġѩޱһۣ˵˼ѽߵüһ㡣
û£쵼룡ѩޱ˵߰һߣһơѾȫôˣ쵼֮⣬һǰߣһҪĹԱأʲôŵ֣ǿɾͲˡô˵쵼Ҫάġ
һ񺹲ѣԼǵ˼˼ѾȫˣҪȻҲǰȥ
εİ칫Ҿиˣȥˣ԰칫ҵŽš·ѩޱ칫ҵʱһ￴һۣȻ֪ûˣûס
ѩޱں棬ȻѶԷСһĻһ˿춯̶칦ͺλεĳгйܽӴˣȻǹΪ֮ʵȴǿ͹۴ŵġ
ԴɷٴԶ׹Ժ˾Ͳ̫ðڶԷԺͷȸ֮žͳ׹رˡ
ǰʱ䣬Է룬ûͬ⣬ҲͨˣȻѾమǷֺγҲһֽѣαԸأ
ôһֱһ̶ˮԻֱӣͨλḱгĽӴȴһ˿⾿һ£һ¡
һ߽иԺѩޱ͸ں˽׼ǰһΪ쵼ܡȻҶѾ֪εĳгһһ࣬εΪ䱨ĻбҪġ
ѩޱûüڣͻȻӰ칫ǰվӣ첽ߵһǰЦʺгãиС
⻰˵ĺǻһΪ쵼鹤ֲȥİ칫һ㱨ⱨӵ
ı֣һû˵ʲôѩޱǲ죬һûпأʲôѷһ˵СԣȵλȥглҪԴ˵
⻰Ժһתͷһۣ˼ʲôʱ˵лҪԴ˵ġĿľѡ飬ʲô˵ġҪѵɲҵǹʹѽ
ѩޱע⵽һͶĿԺ󣬲ɵúͷһ״Ҳֻˣ˼һŮͬ־ѾʶˣøӻҪģڸſܻӰġ
Ժһ˵䣬޷էڹϻҶ֧֣ôҪ湤֮ĻЩ˵Ͳ˵ûʲô𣬵˵Ժ󣬴ҹƵ黹Ǻܸߵģƶĺˡ
һ˵ͬʱעµϣ֮ǰƬܿͰ˺˺šСӴŶʮңͨڶȺмעĿ֡
һע⵽ڽʱĹͽ֮飬ע㣬һúѵãǾһᡣڹٳߣҪľǳȡרעµ϶֣˵ܲʤγгһɫٹ۲һʱ֪
ص칫Ժһѩޱ˵ѩޱ鳤ҿǸµĻУҪ԰ɣ
ѩޱ֮ͨǰĹ۲죬Ѿ֪ˣһ˵⻰ʱһҲóԾǸһ̫ɺˣ֮ǰԼ쵼ټȻڹؼʱѳֲסʧ
ѩޱ֮䶼ûκιϵֻƽʱǰƣʱһЩС£ϸһ㡣ڿȷʵ̫ʺ飬̫ˡ
У֪ˣ㿴죿ѩޱʵ
һ£пգ䡣һ˵֪ͨԺ󣬾ȥæɣܲһ鳤飬Ҳ̫޴Сˡ
гҿǾҵķ񲻵λԲűŷߵġѩޱ뿪Ц˵
£񲻵λһͷĺߣĶĶѽһľȻؿѩޱ֪źá


ڰ˰ʮ ˼
ѩޱ˵ǻʱ򣬵ʲô⣬һԾıԺϵղ˵ǻܵе壬ʱߵͨ졣
ڵذһ壬Ϲʲôأ˵⻰Ժתȥ
һ˶ԷıԺίòУﰵôϹ룬ҿʲôûѽǻ˵ģֻһû̫ף΢Ӧһ£Ҳд
ѩޱһİ칫ҳԺûȥ£ȻصԼİ칫ҡԺصͣŸС¹ڻһ㡣ѩޱӰóۺѻСգһƬͨ졣״̬Ҫܵȥ˸š
ѩޱȥϴһɫ΢һȥ칫ҡǰ͵ʲôƵģֻص칫ǰֽԺ󣬲ȥȻһ㷽뷨ҲûУӻҪġһҪǿɾ鷳ˣָ˵ʲôأ
һڰ칫£ȲҵȻ绰ѩޱôˣ뻹ˡϾһ㣬ͱ˵ģòҲûǱҪ
˿̣һЩ꣬˱Ҫصö࣬˾иΪһͨ˼ͥĺӣҪıǰ״ֻпԼŬһֱǳ쵼ǰı֡
ֻиһͨĹԱԽӴггĻᲢ࣬עŵ˿ƳѾλεϡ
ֲиŬҶӡ󶼲ƺѩޱһƼϡͿԿ
һʡս̩γгһְԺ;ԼĻˡй涨ԱְǲԴ˾ģҲ˵γг̩ڲи쵱Ȼǽˮ¥̨ȵˡ
ܺľһˣ˲ƫ󣬾Ѿ쵼Ҫ˵ͱ˾ûʲôĵĻƽʱƽʵ±ĻǺġ
ΪǰĳгӡĲ߻һβĻ档°ʱ򣬺һԺ͵һǳص⣬˼εĳг˭֪İʲôأ
ʱ䣬ؿһԷղߵʱǺһߵģʱ򣬲ĻӦûһ³ʱʱسǰĻһгܵģһĿľʹﵽˡ
ƻȥǲתһ磬κͶԷ᲻ʲôףΪ⣬˺һԽǾôɡֻҪʱ£Ӧòʲô⣬ϾҶһ¥湤°඼һҲʲôϡ顣
֮ԾһҪôɣΪʱ䲻ѽԷԺ󣬵һһǾ˾ѡȷҪжʱĻ˼ѾȷѡȥЩĻǿϹӵư׷ˡ
ϰʱٴκͶԷЧ˵ͦġ뿪Ժ󣬽Ųߵúг鳤˵⡣ΪȷԼжϣǰһԺת󿴿ȻҲعͷλÿﲻɵһ󼤶
ص칫ԺæͷĹǲϵذ۾ſڣָогܻᵽǸĿһſڵʱ㼤˱˻ûзӦʱӭȥ
Ȼ֪ѩޱıмֲȴ⡣ֻҪܳΪг飬һ鳤ҺΣҪعͷͽء뷨ֱӰѩޱĲӵˡ
һжԤƵķչӦúǵŶԣôǷأһǳҪԭǾԸогղ˵ʱ۾ûг˺üۡ
ܲﰵѵλг׼ѡ飿ôأ
죬ھżͬʱǳעµı֣ΪֹԷûвȡκжѵŬãվȻܸ˺޶Ķֱ֣̫ûˡ
ое㲻Ծģֻ۾ſڣڴѩޱĳ֡гͻȻи죬ﶼһǳġȻѾʵؿˣǽӦþͻнˣԴҶ黹Ƿǳעġ
Ҳɵ뵽Ҳ뵽ֻûΪȥСиҲˣº쵼˼һĥ׵ġѾĻȥǸĵԼķڹܶʱϣԽʧԽ
һһֱȵʮʱҲûм¹֪һѩޱǶʲô⣬ԷԲôûġһиͨԱгټֱŵĻֻһֿԣӽˮˡôҲˣڳֽһȥ֪ͨ˳⡣
ʱˣһ׼ٵˣ칫ȥڳŵʱûаŹֻ
ڴӰ칫ҳ¥ҵʱ򣬲Ӧʮңʱڶ˵ӦǱȽϺʵģȲ磬Ҳ١ȥˣгô죻Ҫȥ˵ĻпܺгײǾ͸ˡ
һʱѩޱûȥ칫ءһԺָˣȻǺͮͮģơȡʲôˮϴͿ֬ĨۣȴȻ


ڰ˰ʮ Ů˵ĺ
һСƳǽϹӵʱž˹òƸղг½йȥڿǶѾ˰Сʱˣȴڰ칫ûŲأǺأѩޱΡΪʱδľѷۺһţվ칫ȥ
ڷǳʧ֮ʣѩޱӰᣬû˸ղһʱ֣ǰͷһͣҿѩޱǵĶԷĴǺһӶԷнгĲ֣е㵣Լǲܳס
ѩޱվסԺ󣬰ɨһۣҰעеԺų˵
鳤ãѩޱе֣òվֱԺò˵ʲôָʾ
˵⻰ʱֻĿҪɤˣֻ£Ҫµĸо
ѩޱ˶ԷıԺ¶һ˿Ц˵칫ϵĶã쵼ˣʲôӣ
ѩޱȻ֪˼ڶԷղѿľٶ׼һӡ
ͨС£ǲѷ֣ڹٳϣûǧҪŮˣһȨŮˣúѿ
ѩޱ⻰ԺɵˣͷһƬհףӦ֪ͨȥгǱôԷղ˵ĺǰ칫ϵĶô£ˣǶԷںҿЦ
۾ѩޱȥֻԷһ࣬ЦһҲûпЦļʶԺֻͷ˵һһ˵һһ
ѩޱıԺӿһ⣬ڽ֮ǰһֱΪȽʺһ飬ղŵı֪Լˡ
Ĳ˵ͳղǸצӣҲܰŵҪλϡֻûһƲأͲѸ鳤ˣҪԸԳĻ鳤гƶˡ
ڳ˶֪гһְѾûаϵˣѩޱԴȻ˿̿ı֣˾ͦģӦǾϻ֮˱пɺ֮
ԴʡҪսһгϢԺһͲˣ鳤İ칫ܣ͸¶νĻϢ˵ĸоڶĳгˡڼѩޱݺݰһҵﻹֵͦġ
ѩޱĿѾﵽˣȻСɫ˷ʱ䣬漴΢΢һӣ˵£һ£
˵⻰Ժѩޱתȥ
Ҳ벻ϵڱĺ£һӾ˵ߵæѵ£ȥѽ鳤ʱһǺ£ʲô
ǰǺܸѩޱӵģƺΪ鳤˽ʱ򣬲СŮˣСٸҪǷĻеСɧĹԲ˵ˣͬ˼ʮǧ̾Ϊֹ
Ժæվ첽׷˹ȥ¸ճţֱ칫ﴫͨһ죬ˤĽų졣ҪԱߵһѣʱ֮ں
ѩޱİ칫ǰվסӣŸ˵гȥһ£׼ȥ߹һʱ䣬һҪʲôĻϸһٻش𡣡
æ˵лл鳤֪ôˡ
µĻشѩޱص˵ͷȻװ˵쵼ҪôڲŹȥģ˵Ҹղе㲻̫һᣬ֪ͨʱ򣬳һ㡣
Ȼ׶Էô˵Ŀģǵ˵ͷ
ѩޱԷ˼ˣЦ˵ȥɣ쵼š
ȥ·ϣѩޱɣŮʲôʱпܲ㣬쵼ټҲ°ɣٺ٣ѩޱ뵽ɵʱԼмԼ̫вˡ
±ΪѩޱгǶȥԷѾԼİ칫ң֪е̫ˣǰϵ·첽ݿȥһε쵼ǰ¶棬һҪһ㡣
ѩޱ֮ǰǴ´ȥģɸղźһڵ淢һĻԺͻȻһֺ¼Էĸо
ڵȥˣг½йȥɶǰСʱԺе°εĳгȻ࣬ڹȴһ㶼ղڰ칫һۣ˺һᡣ
г칫°ӵĵһμ棬Կ֮ԪΪһ̵Ľܣôұ˴ʶһ¡
һú棬ԺҪһΪȻ벻Щ˵֧֣֮Ȫ˶ǿȡĶԪĽܣһŰ˺ϺţгֱʩΪ񡢺κκΪŮԣʮͷעرԭ򣬿ȥʵҪСһ㡣
ԺԪЦ˵λӽ쿪ʼǾͬһսսѣһҪͬŬȡ̩еľøȥС
Щٳ׻Ԫſھһ֮豭ڣȻ˵ǿҪĿľǲһ´ҵķֹ֮ǰҺһгһ£Աûб仯ģǾͲһг˵ǰɣ
һȻ֪ǶԷڸأǵ˵ͷ˵ѽʱг̸һ£ڸλ˽⣬Ҳûʲô㻹Ҷ
Ԫһ⻰ɵüͷ룬СӹȻͻúܣû£ȰԼժԺСӦԡ


ڰ˰ʮ 
һȻᱻԪ͸ͷȻ͸ڶԷתˣղŵǻȥ⣬ʵȴ⡣
гķֹͬĻȨкܴӰģһڶ̩еֲ˽⣬Ҳĸ˶ڸԷֹܵǷ⡣
ղԪ˼ǻάԭеķֹ䣬£Ȼ̬ղŽúȻ֮ǰֹ֪ˣǺȴûаϵҪʲôĲĻҲҪ
˵⻰ԺһԸоκɨһۡȻϸСһǿղ˵Ǿ仰ȷģǺбҪġ
ԪֹĻᣬһ֮ѾĳĬˣ˭ֱ֪ӱԷĸ˻еҲסˣɫʱ˲١
ԪҲԱʾһ²󶯸ɸĻǾǲܵ顣һ棬һղ˵Ĳûдʵģһ棬ΪС¾ͺͶԷ˺ĻǿǴĲֵ
˶ݵĳĬԪû״̫ãһȻ󿪿˵һͬ־ղѾ˵ˣյ̩ߵǺ˽⣬Ժڹʲô⣬һгͨã˵һ˵ķֹʲôĻһٽ
һԪĻﰵȻֻϺ꣬ͰѸղŵλøɸɾ˳ѻ´ص˸λгķֹϡ
ӽʡί֯ʼһͺעߵѧϰһЩˣǶŷḻһЩֵѧϰĶ
üͺ˵Ȼ֮ǰ˼ʮֻһԱڶԸǿ׳ʱͺһסѶԷʰ÷ģջ޹ǣӺ͹޻˵㣬һĥһ󣬴ǳ
Ԫ˵עеԺ󣬰Ѽļŷֹóһ
Ԫȫ湤ܲơơ滮湤ܲ֡ƾ֡졢滮֣
һֹܷչƻƸĸҵشĿ졢ʲڡ˰ͳơӦ湤Эֹܲơƹֹ칫ҡչ͸ĸίЭ죩ҵ칫ҡش졢֡ư졢ίͳƾ֡Ӧ졢м֣
ʩΪֹܡ
Ԫѷֹ˵Ժ룬ּ˵һг֮ȪҪͨ˴ѡΪҪǾţ˴ǱߵĹ֮ͬ־츣ͬ־õģǶλͲҪˡ
Ԫе츣ͬ־ָ̩˴β츣ггѡٹķ£Ȼжá˵֮ţΪһ֣ȻҲѲ˸ϵ
̩ԺĵһλһСʱŽԪ˸˵ķֹԺ󣬴һʼλгг֮Ȫ˱̬ԵķԣԪһ򵥵ܽᣬɢᡣ
ڴ׼뿪֮ʣԪͻȻ˵һг֮ȪǸսǰӵ³ԱΪ˶ǵĵʾӭǾҶƵһۣҿʱɡ鳤Ǳ߶ź˰ɣ
Ϊ鳤ϯг칫ʸᣬԪѯԺæ˵гźˣҶƵ궥¥ɸ
ãǾɣʱ׼ʱȥԪ˵Ժ󣬱㰺ͦȥ
ٳϿĹ쵼ߣҲǼֲˡԪȥԺһں˵仰Բûмʱϡλг״Ҳûмߣ˵˭Ҳûй涨Ǳһĺ棬ҶԾûŲ
ҪʱǿҲûôི⡣һΪĶֽһ࣬˼ҵȣܹе㲻صڸΪ£εĳгϣǲŽеùأ
֮ȪͿһˬˣڸտʱ򣬶ԷȻԪһӣǲˬܳΪг˵Ĺϵ˵ŬԪľټͦҲǲɺӵġղżԷȻֵӣǲˬ
һ˵λгֱڴʱôˡбһһۣ룬װƣ˸ӣ⣬ɾûˣٺ٣
Ժ̧žȥҿⰺͷͦء
ɢԺһƴһҶƵľλãԷ϶Ҫǰȥֲ죬Բǰ¸ԼûгȥгվλûжһеԭˣǳƼ˼۾ʾ˵
˵Ժһ׼̧ǰߣʱͻȻǰиӰһΣֻ֮ȪѾȥˡԷʲô˼һ֪ŭϲﰵǸɵƣôɣȻҵĵҲλĵ˼ʹ
뵽Ժһ飬ȻһۣĲˬ֮ԱʶԺһٿ֮ȪǻһѣŽʩΪ˵ʩг룡
˵Ժֳĺκ˵гκг룬룡
һĻȺ˵г룡г룡
һ˿ʩΪ񡢺κǲˬǲ֪֮Ȫһ֮ĹڣԷأȻǱӡǶڵһгߣ㵹ãһȻигǰ棬ţòС


ڰ˰ʮ ô
֮ȪԺ󣬾һǫ֮ﲻɵô󺹲ѣղžֻһˣ˸ˡղǸΪľٶڿ޴ڲ֮䣬гȫˣԣɲʲôϢԪţûϣҪɳʲôɼҲô׵顣
뵽Ժ֮Ȫﲻˬ˼㣬޺޵һҺĲûңҾû㡣
һ˿̵ȴǳ֮ãŸղŸ֮ȪڿӵĻᣬ䣬ӦǷǳɹġý쿪ĻᣬԼǢ˺֮ͬĹϵ˳֮Ȫһòһĺ¿ɲǾġ
һ˵Ժ͵𿪻֮ǰֻ˾״̬Ѿóʱˣ֪ûһæͳֻȻϣδ磬Фģһ̩е롣
һú֣ò̩˹ٳϵģͲʶˣԲǹŶεģǻ˭أһȻص칫Ժ󣬾͸Էعȥʲô
ӵԺһԶԶؾͿһվ칫ſڣúɻ˭أ
ԷȻҲо˹ˣתһķȥȷԺӭȥ
˵Ȼ£ѾһСʱˣʼʱΪгȥʲôԷˣӦһͻˡȵСʱҵʱе㻳Լ֮ǰжˣҲˣгʲôʱšȻ˼׼ԼˣǾ͵ǶĿɡ
һСʱңе㲻ˣԷ᲻᲻ˣ°ʱԽԽˣڵţ԰һԷҪǲĻܲţһ룬Ҳ͵ˣĵصȴš
ԪԿȺԵİ칫Ժ֪гȥˣΪղԬȻǿֻ֣ԿȴűʼǱ豭֮Ķ״̬˿ᣬҲΪĽˡ
ڼȻѾˣгһҪˣʶԺ¸Ǵ˾񣬲Ұע˵ݿڵλãԵһԺһ۾Ϳ˶Էӭȥ
һµʱ򣬲ɵð˵ͷһѩޱ֮ǰʲô鵢ˣ֪ͨʱ򣬿ܳһ㣬ʱԼѾȥˡĻӦѾվ˺ܳʱˡ˵¿֪ԼĿģҲˡ
һ˰칫ԺЦŶ˵Сѽվһ˰ɣ㲻֪¥᣿
˵ٿг칫ᣬΪиһԱӦ֪ŶԣûбҪɵˡʱ֮ڲȫԵȻٹ
⻰ԺشгȥϵµģŻԲ֪쵼顣
Ŷһһ£˵Сѽ鳤ûаҵ˼תأ
⻰ʱ۽£֮ǰ׼ͶԷһģղȷǲһԵġڿԷı֣һڣ׼ʡˣ⣬ȴԶԷһ̽
ڵشѩޱûﵣ飬ȻΪΪ£ܼţ˵˻Ǻʵڵġ˵ѩޱѾһĿģһֱҲûʲôˣΪ˵γг飬С࣬Ըġ
һʻԺ˿Ҳûԥֱӻشг鳤Ѿ˵ˣл쵼ᡣ
һ󣬵˵ͷСΪ˻Ǻʵڵģ˵ǷǳؼġҪǻһˣпܸ񶨻شһΪгΪСѩޱȥ֤ĿԲ󣬼ȻΪԼĻᣬΪʲôأ
Ҫ֪һ˿̵뷨һҲѡһʳ֮ǰѾˣԷ˵ûеĻһȥѯѩޱġΪһ飬εΣƷзҪҪǶԷĻյùĻһ
һ˵Сɣ翪ʼ͵ڰ칫֮ǰӦûйľ飬ɣȥһ鳤˵һ˵ȥԺ˵ģס̬һҪǫһ㡣
˵Ժһͣ٣˵Ҳ˵ˣ׵鳤鳤̣ǧҪš
һĻԺֻú亹ֱðæ˵лгΣһ鳤鳤ѧϰΪ쵼÷
һ˵û̫ĹأС棬û̫Ҫ󣬵ԭϣһҪסϲ׼飬ʱһ㱨ҿɲϣҵ飬ָָġ
ǣгģ֪ôˡվֱӣ˵
һ˶ԷıԺ󣬵˵ͷһڲԺ󣬿˵ҪûʲôµĻǾ
һĻ룬ǿ˵гղ鳤תûмʱҹΪе㲻һᡣ
Ŷ֪ˣȥɣһ˵߳ŶԷ˻֡
һ벻ѩޱȻ¸һĿţ⻹е˾⣬òƸղſʱõòУôһṦͲˣ治֪ʲôáһҲû׼ƽϣָһڣǾ͸̸ˣֻþʹա


ڰ˰ʮ Ԯ
ߺһϰϣֻ˳ϸ۸ղŵǸ룬⾿Ƕĺ룬һӡҲûСԺ󣬻˷ͼ̩вŸոʱ䣬ȴֵ˹죬ԶԷֻı룬Ǻܺģ֪˭绰
绰ͨԺһֻ˵ιã˭ֻģ
ã촦𣿡
һĶߴһİֵǣԷ˵̩ǴͨԷõıȴƺΪ촦һĸо֪Էʲô
̩ݻĲ಻һȻ˵ȴöԲӰͱ˵Ľ
Ȼȷ϶ԷģǾûʲôûرܵģһ˵һλ
˵ֱӻر촦г⣬ʡĴȥˣе¶Է˶ֱӱԼһԷ;ûϴ˵ĵˡ
⻰Ժ󣬶Է˵촦ãǻ񣬲֪ǲǵң
񣡡һСһ֣ԺֳλȭžͰŷڵص
ǰ괺ڼ䣬һԼĸһ֣ϼϺʡɽءʱ߷Ϻʡָɣʱ䵱һҵľԱںعֳֶΪ׵һȺƤִʱ򣬾ǻ߷ɳ֣Щһƽġ
뵽Ժһ˻ǻʡ̩ˣʱնԷػĻԼϵĪڶԷˣϵʱһȫȷˡ
һЦ˵ԭϵѽһ˵ҾˣǲѾϼˣ
Ǻǣ촦Ǻüѽһһʱˣ׼ڼҵģ˭֪ڿⲢһ׵顣뵽촦֪ܷæڵ绰ͷ˵ǵĳ˵Ĩǵģ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ʱ䣬ƣΪصطԺƾھѧĸܣҪԼҷݹĻʲô¡
˭֪صϼҡ̩ԺȴڡЩ˾涼Ҫѧ֤ʲôģòȻûԸҪΪٲãƾ֣ȥɸʲôģǻһ仰顣˭֪˾澹ȻҲҪרѧҲУ֮רҵ֤飬Ȼò
õģʵȷʵпģĸĸʵʵũȻҲ˲ٹϵǮȥ٣ȴûһõġ
Ͷ·£ʶλ촦ڻʡְԿﲦһ绰ŲȻ绰ͨģȴû˽Ҳûˣ룬·ʮа˾ҲвͨˣʵڲеĻֻȥĹϰŰשˣһСܲڼٵĸĸɣ
ӵһĵ绰ʱＤѣҲϾ˼﷽֮ˣֱӰͲӣȫ˵˳
ǺǣϵܣаĲ˵ͳϴΰôæ飬һ취һЦ˵
Ȼûеȴ֪Щ˵ԸǲǱƵǽǣǾԲ绰ģܰģһһѡ
Ǿ̫лл촦㿴ʲôʱȥӦ㣿ʵ
ԷһڴӦͷһʯͷ˵ءҲоղŵ˵еֱ̫ˣ˵ʱʱ뵽ѯԷ˼쵼ܺһ춼µġ
Ŷ㲻ҪȥӦˣѾ̩ˡ͹ϰ࣬㵽Ժ󣬸Ҵ绰ȥ㡣һ˵
˵Էھ̩йǿĲѡ֮ǰǾԷӦҷݹĻҲ̫ġӦұȽԶĸԽԽһҪиʲôʧĻû취Ӧ
ѾӭжˣԷȻ̩ǲܻŵӦȥֻҪ̩ڣûʲôõģϾҽһ˲Ҫ̫ʱ䣬չ˸ĸ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһҡҡͷ֮ǰΪ绰ʲô⣬벻Ȼô¡ڿʵܼ򵥣ֻʱΪİ븴ˡ
ȻѾӦҪŶԽɶԷŵĶأһеԽ
һԺ󣬻ûʲôͷһʱȰ·һߣֻФһ绰ȥǰʱ䣬ȷ̩ԺԷһ绰ʱԷڿᣬֻ˵䣬Ҷ˵绰Է绰ʮа˾Ϊ顣
绰ͨԺá
˵ʱФ˵˵һѽ㿴ʲôʱҸ㵽̩ȥ֮ǰɾ˵ˣһֱģ㲻᲻˰ɣ
Ǻǣٳһɣ㸸ĸ޶ں̩лʲô˵뷨ФٻҲͬ⣿һЦʶԷ
Фһ˵漴˵һҺ˵ģ绰ԺҾͺҰԼٻˣǶ֧ҵľҰֵĻ˵ںˣҲһ˵ǻ֪µأ죬Ŀռ϶ܶࡣҲ˵ˣ棬Ƿģ
һФĻԺ֪ԷڿЦǾбҪͶԷȷһ£¿ɲģһԺĻͷǿɾͲˡ˵ڻʡڣϾؼˣһǰФѾǺйֳƼҪĻ͸ô򵥵ˡ


ڰ˰ʮ С
һԺһФ˵Ƕĺѣֵˣ£ɵˡղ˵ģ̩Ļ϶һ㣬ռҲһ㣬˻ԶղġЩ飬Ҳ˵ֱ̫ӣһҪصضԴ¡
û£Ҿ͸ˣʲôĻԼеͷİɣФڵ绰ͷ˵
һ˶ԷĻԺﻹǺܸжģԷܰԼ͸ضԴˡһԺ󣬶ŵ绰˵ҪĻһҪһûиʮµĿ϶Уʱٺͼһ£¸ĩʱö㿴ô
ФȻóһѣʵʵڵΪ룬˵У˵İ죬ʱ򣬸绰
УǾɣʱҵ绰һ˵
Ҷϵ绰Ժһɳ˼̩еܸӣҪԼһϯ֮أø׿Ŭ֮ǰȷķӦûǲģʹӳг־ĳ֡
ۺĿǰ˽⵽ϢͨĳһĳЩ顣Ҫ˽⵽ЩɴӹϵͳڲΪʵġʱФܹԣȷʵһǳղŶФ˵ȥδӵöԷԼ⡣¹ϵشһԲΪһ˽ȥФжϵġ
һʱˣȥϳԺֱҶƵʻȥʹˣûʲôҵصˡ
·ͦϵģиǰĽ·һֱȻתϹ·ǰʻһҾ͵ˣҲΪдһҪԭ
ӦݡƵݻһ̩еЩǼƵѾ᲻̫ȤˣڴþĴ£ֱ˶¥
ԺԪκ֮ȪûйѾˡԪһ֣κŮԣһΪҪλһҪüĿʲôģһ֮С֮Ȫе벻ˣѵҲᣬʾһĴڡ
һԺҲΪӪгĻᣬܿ˼˵СȦӵСһ˵棬Ƶͬѧϵ󣬰˵ͷҲоһ֮Ĺϵһ㣬ԭˣһĻҲǺˡ
κû˵̫ãһʮԺ͹ˣԪٹʮӲŵ֮Ȫظ
һԺ󣬼֮Ȫûôˣһһ׼Ԫһ֮ȪԪĹϵ̩йٳ˶֪ˣôĿҪΪ˸һΪǳгҺһгĹϵأҺΣ
һС˱ӣҺ֮飬ﳶϱأ˵֮ҪìܵĻԪ֧˭һء
ʡ֮ǰһʹˣ̩Ժ󣬾һҪٺȡ˵ľܺãȾƶԴԵķӦзǳӰ죬ǹһ̩УҲǷδȻɣ
֮ǰһޣֻܺһλг󣬷ֱƣΪһղѾ˵ˣͬѧľΣƲ֪ܲ
Ȼ֪һô˵Ŀģ뵽ԷȻ˵һĿģ͵ѽҺһгڵУѧϰʱȷʵûôȹƣӦһɣ
һע⵽ղ˵ǻԺԪ֮Ȫλÿۣ˵֮ǰһѺ֮Ȫˡһע⵽֮ȪԪ΢΢ҡҡͷ˼ǲܺȻǲֻԼ֪ˡ
֮Ȫһľȷʵ̫˽⣬˵ʱںʱΪ־ƺǶһԷĻᲢ٣ĳϣҵע쵼ǶĶ˼һغȾơ
һȻȴкˣսĹУǸ߹սƣѸþľƾԺ󣬾ɽۻˡ
У֮ȪıΪԾյĽҲΪңǱ̧ȥġԪҲ˲٣һ˵г´Ҫſһ㣬Ļͬ־Ҫˡ
һæкгҪൣȷʵ޵úܣȵúģҲÿ˵ǰɣ
ԪԷһ˵Ȼٶ˵ʲôˣлԺĲ£¥ȥˡ
һĳȻղŶԷѾ֮ͬѧϵˣߵýһ㣬ȻҲ֮С
ϳԺһ˳ӣһҲ¥ߺȲ̸¡
˵˲̩ٳȤ£һҲýζȻУǶ˽⣬޺顣
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УνЩ֪ģҲ̫ġһ˵
ѽбĶǱ˻Ǵڣٺ٣ƴȤ
һЦֵʳָ˵ƣ漴ҲЦ
ˣиæһ˵
æ˵쵼ʲôֻܷԸ̸æһ˵
һɫ˵ЦġиѣģǸֱڻصطˣ㿴ûʲôطܰŰһ¡֮ǰȫһСæҵˣѡ
һ֮ǰѾˣѻ齻ȥ죬ΪĴܼңӴ˶࣬Űһʲôģֵ顣
⻰Ժ˵ûκ⣬ʱֱҾˣ


ڰ˰ʮ ۿ˵ͣһ
һԷ˵úܿ϶һתۣ֪ʲô˼ʵôѶȣֵ֮䣬лֱ˵
֪Էһ˼ˣæ˵ǰŹѶȣҾĿǰиλ÷ǳʺֻǿԸԸˡ
ңһɻ󣬿˵ֻҪΥ飬ҵȻûĳ̶ֳ˵ҵĶˣô᲻Ըأ
ȻĻǻҪʲôѽֱӰ߲͵ˡ˵Ϊֹ˾ǻûֱʲôģǻСһҲؼʱ̻ܱİȫ˵ڿȥƽ˾ģҪеʲôĻ˭˵أ
Էһ˵һеĶˣŵĻȫȰ˹Լ࣬νһáֻ˵˲㣬ѯһ»˵
һһ˵鵹ǲʱȻޣȺͨһ˵ҪĻǵʱٰҰš
⻰Ժ˵ͷȴһг˾ĻҵĶȥ⹤
룬Ҳû̫ϣ֪һղǻֻһдǶѣһ£ȫмͨ˲Ըг˾ģٺ٣
һԺ󣬱׼ؼˣʱɲˣ컹ϰءһ˼ҪͻؼȥȻߣûͬ⣬ҪԼ򳵻ȥȻǺѣעĻҪעģԷϾǳгĶͷ˾صǧãҲǹٳ֮һ
һصԺӵĵ绰ǰ쵽̩еʱ֣һ绰϶úܳ٣ûд绰ȥʱ仹磬ʱӦûû˯绰ȥͶԷúһġ
֣ӵϹĵ绰ܿģæ̩ԺΪ˲ӵģһʲôҲû˵ֻһ˵Уͦõġ
֣ҲɵȻɷ˼ڵ绰ͷ˵ǰ̨ϵһ£׼¸¾͹ȥϰˣڼϢҲһ£ëëҲˣȥǱҸķˡ
һ˵У㿴Űɣֻ̩ˡ
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һǸЦЦûٶ˵ʲô
֣ɷ֮飬ڵ绰ͷ˵ȥ̨ϰ֮ǰ׼ëëȥ̩п㣬ôӭ
ģһ˵ô᲻ӭأ֮ѽóʱûëëˣеǣǺǣ
ˣͱˣҰⰲźˣٺϵ֣˵СʱҲûʲô飬ʱһȥ
Ŷ㲻˵Сãҵˣ׼Ӧй˰ֵôˣһʵʱȽæҲû˵Ϻϵ
ãһе㺹֮Уһ֮ǰԼлԣһġʱ˵˰лѾˣһҲûзϡлݰδϱһȻʲô¡
ԴСúлԣȷ¹ϵԺһĹעࡣһ棬Ƚ϶࣬Ͼ˼һ棬лӦҲǺģҪֵĻԷĲ
ⰲŹ˵ҪǳĻҲܸ㶨лҪ֪µĻ᲻еʲô뷨ءֱӷȥԷʲô
̸Ӧòˡ֣˵Сõ˼Ҫȵܹȥϰ࣬ʱеǰŴ壬ŵģҪǹȥĻá
һ󣬵˵ͷ۵ʾͬ
˵Ժһ黰֣ѻͲ˶ӵߡһĶ漴֮Ȼ֪ƣȴְᣬʱʱػһɵЦ˵ηЦֻԼˡ
绰Ժһûпӣֱϴ˯ˡ̫ˣÿɵϵʱ۵òУһṦ˯ˡ
ڶŵӵʱ򣬻̩ίǰøһģ뻹ڼ˰СʱԺųš
յſԺһݸ߸ӵı˹ѯʵ⿴ʲôأ㿴ĵطû¸һߴȥҲʲôط
⻰ԺǲˬҪǻǻᣬҲֱӾһȹȥˣ㹷ۿ˵ͣԲĶˡ¿ڴͳ³ԺĽϪ̣Ժ󣬵һ֧ȥЦ磬ã˵ģ֪Ƿи㡣
һСӵҲϵӹԺֵ˵˭ʶˣ
òᣬ޲ֱһŰѶԷߵһȥԼϵǺĵģһȥûаСʱ룬ȥĻܵġǰһΪԷϻ𣬼Ц˵ϰ࣬պͨĵ绰ҽ糿ġ
Ŷ⻰Ժ֮࣬˵ҵģһ㶼쵼СԱûôĵӣ쵼֣ǿɹǺһġ
ᵯ˵̻ңȻԻ˵㵽˭ίĻģ
Ҳ֪ίֻ֪һǰӦ죬֪ʲôʱ̩ʵʵ˵
һĬһ֣ͷһ˼Ժȷ߶ûнֵ쵼ֻ쵼һҵ츱Σһ֯츱Ƴλɶһѽ
ȷǰһǺ˵ԺֿʼˣԻ˵˵㵽ûѽǱƭˣ˿ɲһˣû˵һһˡ˵쵼ˣǿԱ涼ûһˣ㻹Ǵٹɣ
񱻶Էһ˵ҲеûˣȻһƭ˵ĵģе˲òš˱һۣ˵磬ܲܰѵ绰һ£Ҹ绰


ڰ˰ʮ ۿ˵ͣ
ݸ߸ľ⣬ȻϵȻѺ˹ﰵϲװǳǿ˵ҿǸʵˣֹ㱻ƭˣҪȻҲŲ绰
˵Ż֣ʾԷߣȴţɵñǰװƣȻˣô
ߵ绰ǰͲŻĵ绰ּԺͲһΪܵƣŶԷ
һ˿ѩޱ͹һļⷭţҪ뾡Ϥ̩еҪ̣ҲҪͨЩֽʵıȥ˽⡣ЩϣȻ棬͸󿴱ʣԴ⵱лջġ
֮ʣͻȻֻһȻſڱҵĵ绰ֻ˵ιʲô£
һȻһϲװƵˣЩʱȻλҪڳһӳģҪȻ˭㵱¡оϻ𣬸ɫܿȾˣð취ǲҪɫ
ݸ߸һĻ󣬲ûЦһﻹװҪ֪ĵ绰ǴҲô˵ġǿסЦ˵˵װʲôװ֪˭Ķĺ𣿡
һ⻰Ժ󣬲֪ô£ĸƷȻ˵ģΪ֮бҪˮʯһͣ٣ŵ绰˵ҵ֪Ķģ˭ҾͲ֪ˣ¾Ϳ˵æأ
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һ˵⣬׼̵绰ˣ˷ϻǼֱ˷ʱ䡣
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һ⻰ԺǸˣһЦȻŵ绰˵Уھȥǵңͬ־
˵⻰Ժһȡٺһĥߴˣһ᲻֪˵ʲôءҶϵ绰Ժһ漴վֻŽ㶵칫ȥ
ԷġҪһ͹ˣҶϵ绰Ժ󣬶վĿɿڴĻ˵͵ſϷɣôĿڰ¥Ҳ¥˭İ칫ң͸Բѡ
˷ĻԺҲеûˣֵһ֧̹ȥ̵磬¥˭İ칫ѽ
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Ժ󣬷˵¥λ٣ٶ𣿾гͳгһղžȻ˵ڰ¥һ᲻ʶλװװö֪Լʲôˡ
˷ĻԺеûˣֻ֪һ֮ǰһֱгȻܣǳгҲǺȻھ棬ݵԣԺ;Ӻ͵طϵĹԱвٽӴڵһЩ֪ġ
ҪʡﲿίֵĴطгĻпܣŲĻһҲ֮УҪһλΪίĻѶȿɾʹȥˡ˵֮䣬е㲻ˣعͷ룬һƺûκƭıҪ
뵽ԺеΪǰзıһҪǳгĻɾ͡
񲻿ˣֵһ˵һ͵ſϷɣ㿴ôԺ˵һ㣬ЩƭӣֻҪעǵ۾ˣǲҺͱ˶ӵģһĿɨȥһ۾ߣ
˵ʾһСƽʱǳű˵ͷģʱйָ㽭ɽĸоԴ˿̵ĸоһĺá
һߵ칫ſڣѩޱæվ߸ƤЬƵĿ첽˹ЦгҪȥ
ѩޱʧһ鷳һ͹ˡղ׼ֱ̣Ӱ򷢵ǶȥˡĻˣҪǲܰ¸㶨ʼиһҪ뷽跨һһ¡
ѩޱһϰһڵ칫ˣƵǣһ칫ҵʼšȻȥԷݲ衢ˮϣԷûи˵Ļᣬֻ㬵˳ڼԷˣҪٲ֪ʱȥǿǰ׻ˡ
һûнѩޱһȥ˼е㻳ǸзĻ˱ǲʶгÿſڽڳԷҪǲʶòҲûʲôֵġ
Ҫǵ棬ԷƭģҪǴȥҪЦЦǲ۵ıʵȴЦгŵıʶ㣬гɵʲô


ڰ˰ʮһ ۿ˵ͣ
һѩޱһۣЦ˵иѹˣ׼ȥӭһ£СæҪһȥһ£
ѩޱ룬ʲôæģֻһǾǰһ£ñϣԺӿɾѹඡæЦ˵гҵǽ쵼Χ÷Ǻǣɣ
˵⻰ʱһۣ˫ΣϴǷ񲻵λ֮Ļеĸо
һ΢΢˵ͷ漴תǰȥȥԺװ˵ſЩǲизģ
ѩޱæǵģгֵ࣬Ҹղϰʱ򣬿վſڵġ
ѩޱ֪һʵĿģǾʵشʻﰵ룬Ǻλйϵʲôλˬ飬úÿô¡ҪǺߵĻǿɾ鷳ˣЩǹǰ칫ҹܵģΪǱڹĻǿǴĲֵ
²ôǱ˵飬ڵȰԼڿѵõĻᣬҪץסĻҪ˵ƾˡ
˽˵ԺѩޱĴһһۣϵıһ糣ǵ˵г֪ͨȥİ칫ңһص칫ԺͻȻе㲻Եһᣬ֡
һ󣬿ѩޱһۣȻŶһû˵ʲôȴĶǼ֣ΪԼѽ岻ͲҪٹͣŮô첻ʱ򣬲òƻûʲôɣȴΪ²ӿţԹͣǲã˵
ȻǶĻһͦĵģ˵˼ﻹгģҪȻҲ˷ѾĻعġڵе棬Է⽫Сʱҵʱ便ʲôȥˣ⻰ȻֻܷǾԲʳڵġ
ʱԺ󣬵һ֪ѩޱûȥʱ֪ͨ£ȻΪ˺ͨӽϾˣһ֮ȻҪ֪ڳݵʱ򣬰ѶԷһײһĶк鷢˵ˣĳЩλʼٸߡ
ѩޱҪ֪һģǻָԼ⣬˼쵼û⣬ȴأŪɳ׾ˡȻ֪һ뷨ﷴǳһ
˴ӵֱſڶȥ
̩еί¥ǰһƬյأгļľڻɫĲݵм䣬мСƼʵãֲˮֱͨ¥ǰĲ㡣
˿̣ѩޱһĺмСֱλڴſıҶ
ᣬǸзݸ߸üɫչʾĹ㲩ţĭǺɣ֮Ա
˵һʵĶԺ̧ͷ˿ǽϵĹӣ㿴ֶˣһﻹûйҪڴ¥ϰ࣬絽ˣǿɶеֱֱµģղ˵ûɣһǸJǹͷ첻գҪǹĻ㿴ôʰ
˵⻰ʱһѩޱѾߵſڣֻ泯ڣûпѡڷĲ棬һһƯŮ˹׼к
һѾһˣҡͷԵķ˵ôѽſڱտڵľҪʰˣ˵̧ͷ׼Ҫʰ˭ѽ
֮ʣһȣһ飬æתǰȥǰվŵǳгǱ쵼и츱ѩޱʱͷ˵һ£еôˣòװеˣ°ˣʱң˵
ѩޱȻô£һϺǲˬı飬Ҳеˣǰһŭ˵˵ͬ־ʲôʱ䣬˭׼ģ
ΣҡǸ˿ͷһƬհף벻Լôᵽ칫ġǱй涨ִʱ䲻Խ칫ϢģǱѩޱһţΪԼ绤һ£Ҳκνڡ
ǸˣҪǻȥĻ̾͸һصĸλȥĻѩޱȻ˵Ժͣ˻ͷе˼ڳж
ѩޱ˵⻰ͬʱʱ̶ڹעһϵı飬Էϲûʲô״ŷԼ黹ûףԲΪһСȥڹģһҪбʾԥ÷ͷ뵽˶ȥˡ
˿׾ôˣղǸźҪҵ˾ȻεĳгȻ˼ǰװƣ绰ȥ˶Էһ˼ҪĻǿһҲԩĿǰԷƺû˼
뵽Ժ󣬷Էſһģתһ룬Է᲻һףҪĻɾˣУһҪöԷ̬Ӽֱûˡ
Ժ󣬷ߵһǰ˵г۲ʶ̩ɽð𷣡
һһǳᣬǵ͵Ĺۿ˵͵ĻɫԷıֵе֮⡣Ϊ˱סԼļȵ棬ģֻǸưˡ
һȻһСϾҪǴȥҲֵڶԷѾġϴ¡ŷ˵ִԺȥѱسд飬ǣԺҪٳƵ飬ɲҪÿ


ڰ˰ʮ 
һȻ׼ͶԷƽϣʵôǱҪģЩһ治֪Լʲôʲôˡ
Ϊ´ˣ벻ԷİȻ߸߾𣬵ȴ겻ѡ¶м֮ɫ˵г֪ˣұ֤ԷʱͰѱдãδ
һ󣬴ӱǿһ㲻Цų˵ϵܣþòѽǺǣߣȥҵİ칫
ôģһ棬˺ݺݳһ·ԺƲˣһ棬аѻʹõ˼᲻ӣԺԷҲ¡
һĻһ㶣ȫȷϣյгѾ̩е쵼ˡݵˣȻֵܣ벻ԾѡʱҹľֻŹɫοĴһֻĸо
˺һᣬŽͰ͵˵촦глģҽʵǡ
һȶԷ˵ȥǰһĶԷļЦ˵ˣϵܣ߰ɣȥҵİ칫ңǺúġ
ѩޱһ˵ˣæŻһơ
ȻһΪʲô˿˳ĵǶģæһѩޱ˵г룬Σ룡
һѾ˼ˣûбҪٺͶԷˣŶԷЦЦתȥ
ѩޱݺݵ˷һۣ˵ͷˣ漴ת첽ȥô˵ȻΪ˸һģô˵ֹܵģھȻĿ쵼飬ȻӦʾ
Ťͷ˷һۣȻ˫һ̯һ޹صĶȻҲѩޱǰȥ
ȥӰվԭؾþûж˺һԺ֣߸߾𣬳ԼҲӺݺȥֻžһָӡϡ
Լһͬʱﰵľų죬Ժ󻹸ҲϹզˡ
ί߶ˣҰĶϷΪװƵĴۡһ˵̩ٳ˺ü꣬ʱʱĴҾͻһ䣬⵱ȻΪһСǺµһʱ̩ггһйء
˰칫ԺѩޱһȻߵһǰʵгղŵ飬㿴
û£Ҹղ˵ȥ죬˸ѵˣһƽʲô˵ǰɣһЦ˵
ǺǣˡѩޱЦ˵æҾȥˡ
ѩޱߵǰʱ򣬳ЦЦȻȥˡ
񿴼ѩޱĶԺ󣬲ɵߵͨ졣
һ룬пƯŮ˾ˣôʹûйָоѵΪƤԵʡ
ȻϵɫһԺһ˲顣һĵ⣬Է·һƵģԱ࣬ϵɫҲ֮ǰˡÿ˶ó֮ؼͿھˣڵúã˲ţڵòãӹŶ㲻ϡ
һԺһŻ˵СƣӦñճֵ꣬ӦòΪ㹤飬е뷨һ£ǹϵδ˺ǰ;Ĵ£һҪضԴ
һ˵أȴһҲΪ⣬ܶԷʲôܱȥذשҪǿɣĻ̸ʲôˡǰ;Ȣϱ⡣ͨʱְиΪ̵ʶԾ֮ǰΪˡ
ͱղǸǰֺһµһɵһǰһվʱ˵Ƕ̧ˣﱲġ
гҰʲôλãҶûֻҸĸ䲻Сˣ̩оڣǾˡ˵ΨһҪ
һһ벻ԷҪȻ֮֮ͣǰе븴ˡȻĻҲûҪٹĨǵˣŻ˵ԸԸҺɣ
ɣѿ˵
е׼Է˼õĳгܸأòҲҪʲôģҿɲѽ
һ˶Էǣֱ˵Ѿ߹ˣҸյ̩죬ȱһ˾֪ԸԸȸԺл㿴ô
г˵ģ־ϲʵ
һȻóԷе˼˵ͷЦ˵ûʲôĻ¾ġ
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⻰ʲôǫ֮׶μ֮ĶթԺԼûʲôġԷĴ쵼һΪԼòλ˶ԷĲѽ
һҲ˻˼Ц˵ҵ˾ֻܿóˣӦûɣ
⻰Ժæ˵ҵû⣬ǰ꣬ҺսǿѩظԭģĲ˵ʻһеĵġ
ˣûˡһֱ˵ɣ⼱ˣһؼһˣȹϰ࣬˵ʲôģ˰ȥ졣
Էô˵æ˵ͷ¶˻ĵ΢Ц
һӳóɣɵԿףӸԷ˵㿪⳵ȥɣװıͣ¥£
ƴǵģԷһɫֽӹ˳Կף˵ллгΣһѳõġ


ڰ˰ʮ Ҫһһڳ
µһܣһӵФĵ绰Է˵Ѿͼˣ̩һǸжܶԷȷǴĽǶȥ˼ģɷϵ˵˵Ī֧֡
ԷȻˣΪıһԺһλáһ浱ȻΪ˶Фи˼ҷ糾͵ĸͶ㣬Ϊǰ;ĻǲǷˣһ棬̩йԪƿţֻΪФȡһһλãܻһĻȨ
һ֪һеͨʡûȨġ⵱ȻѲڵõФȷϹϢԺϾͺ¬ȡϵ򵥻㱨һ½ڵĹԺФ˳ֱ˵ܸܲԷһоֵĸֳ
¬һԺ˵Ӧûʲô⣬ƺü꣬ŵĻһҲ˳£ղ˵ɲ氲һֳܽģҪٶŬ
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У뵽ˣһǾ仰Ҫһһڳԣá¬˵߹ƵܶڻҪΪ
һæ˵¬壬˼Ҷ֪ôġûҪյģ
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¬⻰Ժ󣬲ɵð˵ͷҲ뷨׼һ¶ԷģڿӦûҪˡ
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Ժһʹ˸绰ƺ˵¡
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һѡ°Ժĸҧúأ׶Է˼ˡ־̩ٳһȽеĻ⣬һȥһļ˱Ǻ飬ȴòһЩء
Ƶѣһܸлȴ׼ȥ˵ȥ˽һһȥ˳С׼һ̨
⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣漴ܿͷӦ˹ͷӦһҶ˵绰
һ֮ҪƳЩ֪ڹע־飬һĻèĻЩסˡ׻˵úãˮ㣬ֻȰˮˣĻᡣ
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Уû⣬ղҲȥ˾ҹСˣҲѾ׼ˡ˵
ãǾɣҵȥһ¡һ˵վߡ
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гİɣһ˵Ҿǹȥһ˽һô˵Ҳӵǹгİ࣬ڼȻˣûɲȥݷһ°ɡ
УԼշִ硣ԪЦ˵ֻǲϣ¸˵ĹʲôӰ졣
һص칫Ժ뵽ԪĻԽÿЦȥһ¹־ŮôӰ쵽Ĺˣⲻǳ
׼ʱС̩ʻǰһأһոµĴˡһǰһֱɽضȥŵƺһ
һ׼ƿϵһµģϾǵĵ̣תһ룬Ǵ뷨ȥĿĲôģûҪʱƿǣȥĻк档


ڰ˰ʮ 
һ·һеƵļˣɽٻʮԺ󻹲꣬ǰʻ˴Լһңŵͷ
³Ժһע⵽ǰ֮Ǿýˮϣͣǰæ滺ԶˮһƬһֱķ羰չǰ·߶деľߵĸߴһЩҲĵͰһЩֻһţȥоĿ֮С
һ֮ʣ߹ָŲԶһűԺ˵һǾǹгļңϴҹʱǳˮ񡭡
˵Ժͣס˻ͷ
ȻΣ˭ҲΪ߲˭Ҳ⡣
һ˳ָķȥֻС·ľͷһС¥שСߣ䲻ɣҲһζԺǽҲשģߴ¥ȴɫһСɵݶĸеɫĸо
ⴱС¥Ѿˣһؼǵãʮʱ򣬼ӾõשСߣڵʱǾһʱС
һڵԺţ̤ʵˣǧҪôԶ˼ţԿ
ƴ˿Ҳע⵽һϵı仯ǺһЦȻ˵ģڼأ˵Ժ󣬳ŶԷһơ
һһЦӣƺǰȥ
ſԺһȥţһ˼£Ӧ˵Ķﷴ˴˵ƿһһۣԷ΢΢˵ͷƿ˽ȥ
߽ԺԺֻһ˵ŷˣɳǺгĵģҪǿǵгΪɽף⳥ǲôġͬĻǿɾѰˣһҪǡ
˵ʱһѾߵſڣ˵עеϡ
Էڹ۲ǵͬʱһҲڴˣһѮ긾⣬ʮˣͷ͹ɼһģӦǾϻۣҲ̫ӡ
˿һѾߵſˣվߵſڣʵ˭
⻰ԺǰһЦ˵˴㣬ã̩С룬ǰʱ䣬Ǽ棬㻹ǵ𣿡
־İ˹÷һ˵ϵ֮ǰ룬ͷȷʵôһˣǵλʲôΡ־ڵʱ򣬻ڼͣԹ÷˽Ⲣ࣬ʶƣΪ־ɥڼ䣬ͶԷйӴиŵӡ
Ȼ־뿪̶µʱ䣬÷ģ֮ǰʮ黹Ҫࡣ͵ؼãﲻɵóһʺţ˶ԷһۣЦ˵ԭΣãã
⻰Ժ󣬸׼ԷһȴͻȻڰǸ߷֡ͷˣ˵˵㵹Ǹʹ컰ѽǰỹǲᣬչ˹гӣҪǲҪĻǿɾͱˡ
÷⻰Ժ󣬸ռǵЦݣʱʧӰ٣дκΡ˵㿴ܹܲһ̸пˣе㲻㡣
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ĻԺ󣬺׼һѾһ̧ˣæȥ¼Ϊ쵼ȥˣȻûĵæ˿첽߽ȥ
һĻΪ˵Ĺ÷棬һŵظ˽ȥǰһʲôˣ˲֪ˣҪɷڵʱȻŷڣ
÷صϼҹһʱİӣڴԼ֮ǰҲԶزɳϹ˾ĵɳĸ˹ҵң˵ɳ׼ģҪҵķӣǲǨȥ
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Ǽ״صص˽㣬ľ⳥㰴߼۸ģǰҿûôߵļ۸񡣡
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쵽֮ǰ˵ޣ˵ģҪǻǩֵĻ⳥ήͰٷ֮ʮﲻųȡǿֶΡ÷ԥ֮ʣһ˽ļš
һԺ󣬳š߷֡˵񲢲̫ܻӭſں֣ҵģԼң˵
˭ѽҹӵ飬ҲĹ˵⣬ֻžһ漴ָӡ
һʳ˵ԤϣҶ֮ʣ߷֡һ漴ܻµҴӣҿǻˣӲ
˵Ժֻ˵һ˴ӵڵء
һ˶ԷһԺûٸȥһȵٲĵģԲ˶ߡ
Ǹ׼ſ⻰Ժס죬·һ汻ˣ֪ô£һôһԲͶֿأѵǸ
龰ڹ߰æѶԷǸڹǺģڼӱˣĶզ


ڰ˰ʮ Ϊ֮
Ժ󣬸׼ڣһ˫ȭգ۵ŵץϵǼֽæҵطŽƤȻѸſȥȷѾȫԺվӣб¸ϡб±ߣȻῴôʰ㣡
ѾȷϰȫˣղŵһһţǻеľսԡӡӲû˵ڡ
ˣԹˣһСʱ֮ڣҶţҪȥ˵Ļɿ㣡һм˵
ããţǼֱԷҪץˣ߱ߴ
һ״ŶԷȭͷȻȵ
Ǳ˵䳡滰ɿԷһı飬ĵظо˺£ڲۣߵƨҲ۵òУ·һȳһյġ
ǴŰʧԺ󣬹÷æе˵롭Σǻǿ߰ɣǿɳģһأȵٹĻǿ¾߲ˡ
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ǰһԹ÷˵ɩӣλεĳгһͬ־ܰġ
ܰǹ־͹÷Ůʮ塢꣬ڶУƶ˽ģֱӰһ˵˳
ƻ䣬һǰһԹ÷˵ɩӣãˣίˣǱǸѽ
һ˵⻰ʱ涯м飬ȻΪֹղŷһĻô£һԿ϶־ߣˡ겻ѣЩһĿ˵ʲô̶ˣ˵һϰգг׶ѹԿ
÷֪ǰ˾ȻɷļߣǳԾΪ־İˣȻɷΪλø˶Ŭʱ䣬ԷҲʮң侹ȻѾǳгˣǻȻӣ˱˵á뵽ʱ̲ס޳ˡ
÷ֵı飬һƶһ㶣ǻΪԷʲôίǵĻԺ󣬲Żֱ֡
һŬŬ죬ʾοһ¶Է
Ƽ󺹲ѣ룬ҺһѽǴѽְοŮ˵Ļô˵أеûаѩޱˡ֮ǰԪг£ʱ鳤ڼ޷ֻˡ
ܺΪѣƻǿ˵ɩӣ⾿ô£˵г⣬һΪġ
һ⻰Ժæ˵ԣ鳤˵öԣгȻˣǾļκһίġ
÷֪Է˼Ҳ޷ͣǨù÷ȷʵˬȻλгѾͽˣºͶԷ˵֪ôأǵҲǸѡ
Ժ󣬹÷Ͱȥϸظһơ
;Ĵ˽վµԡ°ԱŲŲѸղŷ˶ԷµĻ󣬰΢΢תſڣֻ۾ӥһ㶢ǰСϡ
֮ǰȻһֱڳߵǺܹעġһ˽ȥԺһṦ˳ֵġ
ߵԱߵʱһ˶ֻѹ˵ԣϼһ·ϵǣٶȿ㣡
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һ˶Էһۣ˵ɩӣûʲô⣬ʱȲ˵Լôģỹǲ᣿
г˵ȻǸļ۸񲻵ͣһǲ뿪⡣ⷿӺΧһһľҺϹһŪģ˲ˣҾи룬ԲŻģԡ÷˵
һȶԷ˵ȥӻˣɩ仰Ҿ֪ôˣ쵱ӣһ仰⣬ֻҪһ̩һ죬˭ҲҪⴱӵ⡣
Ҳ˵ɩӣİɣֻҪ㲻Ըߣҿ̩лûǿһ뿪
÷⻰Ժ󣬺Ǹж˵ллллг鳤
˽ԺһģͳɢһȦ¼״æǰһϰƵϡ
ŵɫһ˳˼
ղŵķӦ֮ôǿңʵΪ֮
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֮ȪɽصʱȻ⿵òֺ֮ʣȴĳĬ˿ɽصίߵ˶Ψ⿵հ
һĻƿҪ򿪾棬Ѷȿ֪ٲȡԲߵĻһֱ⿵ܿգΪһͣһܡ
һϵԼƿĽʶҪ̩һĻȨͲͬˮһ㣬Ļ֪²Ч˼⾭Ӫꡢٹְ̣λ֮ϣ£Ҫڵ㶯ҪƶԷͷ̸ס
£һûᣬ濴־ͷ˲ⲻʲô֧˶ȡ̬ͬȣο־һأ


ڰ˰ʮ 
һ֪һ㣬ԵһηӦǰŽڹ־ߵ˻£һɲݺӵ־Ǵɽһһɵ̩ггλϵģ˵ûһ
һĵظһһĿģǾǰƿһæöԷ˻ᾡһȱڣӶɽңӦƾ֡ﲻˣʡĹע¬ҲûλԻǵŵ㡣
˴ԼʮңͻȻһơ¡ŬŬ죬Ȼͷȥ˸ߵԺѾӿ˽ͷǸղǸһȥġ߷֡
ۺ죬ǼһԺ󣬳ߵǸͷµһӴ򣬳飬ҸΣ
ͷϰ忪ˣһ֣Ȼ䣬ȥϴкǰҲʾ׷ļһƤһӦȫ
һȻѧǻᣬФһûٺͱ˸ɼܣЩͽƱСƣҲеɵˡҲоأæǰһһһңһǰΪгҪϽ汻˸ˣ˵ȥܹ鲻ʲôʵ顣
ǵĵȻǶģΪڹͷհѿԺ󣬻ӾͶˡ͵شȥ̧ҽţһ׼ȷ˶Էֵϣǰʮ׳Ŀ漴ֽ̽ӹǰѵȻǰҲһֱӰѵˡ߷֡Ĳ
ڵ֮ʣͷѾŸղŴڱ߻صĹǰĵӣͻȻֻǰһ漴ҲಱһϮһӲ֪ʲô£ɵվǲ֪Ǻˡ
ھﾭѵķӦһˣǰ߰˸һҪûĻġ߱ϾҲĸˣһһսģϺʡصʱͼʶˣҲģӦҲ⡣
Է˼һԺͲòˡۣҪ˵˻ˣһһšˣɾˡžȡĲԣƶԷͷȻ΢΢Щˬ֮УȴΪյģڵա
Ժ󣬹ڷӦˣڼϵһѵһѷǳĵܸо洫ݹĺֻҪԷõһɾͳЪˡ
ʶԣæȵ֣֣ͣͣ
ûйǵһҲðȻǰˣǵ۾ϹԷĵӿϰ岱أʱ֣ǲǱ˼ºʱΪƵĪڹͷˣôҲ벻Լϵĵô˶Էˣʱ;һ飬ˡ
ͷϾ˼ģʹʹ˵ͻȻһʹϮͷ̲סӴһ˳
˵Ҷû£ģֻǴλˣûйۣҪʲô˼Ļǿɾ˵ˡ
⻰Ժ󣬹ͷŭĿԲֱðȻ˼㣬˵еϴ󣬾ɽᵽͺӣҲһʱܹ裬ǿ벻̡
״̬ά˴Լһң漴ʧȥ˹ʣ沿ıҲָƽȻǳŭ뵽Էղ˵Ǿ仰ǹһӾйøɸɾ˿ԷķϽˣôܲأ䲻ǰ˾ʲôͷһԿ϶ԲĻɫܵġ
ԷղͻȻ߳һţֱ󣬿䣬û̫ѶȣֻҪģͺţΪ֮ĻѶҲĹؼǶԷпһǴλɲһġ
Ҫ㣬һ棬Ϊû㹻λ˸еµǶԷİաλȻԷڳ֮ǰѾԤϵˣһ£ҪĹ
ͺӺҪ˵̩жҲĸ治֪˻ǲңȻţˡһԿ϶Ҫ֪ĸ⣬Ҳġ
һƿסˣǰһԹ˵㵽ʲôˣȻôӣվȻ͸Ҵôɣɽصΰȷʵܳ⣬ȥϰǵӻô
Ǽǰһת˵˰ҷˣӱ֤뿪ɽء
ǵĻ䣬ֻžһϸոհȥָӡұȸղŸ죬мַϵĸо
һԷĶ⣬ֻģϴһζЦ⣬˵Ҹղž͸߹㣬˵ʱŸɾһ㣬ɾ͸㵹ùˡһ˵ָָԷ׵ա
󣬺ǲһ촽˶ûзһ
ԷҰˣһ˵ȳϣʲôʱ뿪ɽؾʲôʱ뿪㻹ܲţҾ㵹ǸΪԼĵģʲô˶ܴģ
˵һʱһɫҪǹ˼ԼݣһȥˣþװƵĻɫѾסˣȻԲѣ֪ôġ
ϵĶˣһŹͷ˺ȵ
⻰Ժ߸һӵеĵе㲻ģǷ׷װĿһ˹ͷ


ڰ˰ʮ һǹ
ѵǰһɣŹǴȵǰϵļһﶼˣ㣡
Ǵ˿ĸΥæ˵ϵļһﶼˣ
ԥͺӼ״ŭˣµģˣӰϵĶˡ
ǼǸģ˵ĻԲϴ󷢻ˣĶаɡֻеļһȫ˵ϡ
һǻӻ֣ʶˣȻųºһŬ죬ǰѵ֮Ķռһ
һ״ƴ˵ƿ绰ҵҪ⾿ô£
⻰Ժеһ˸ߵضԴµԭԭƿһݺ
ʡίУѧϰʱƾͺƿйӴԷʡί֯񸱲¬飬һ֮ĹϵҲܲһͬʡǾ͸˵ˡ
ߵһȥ绰ԺһŻʹһɫѶԷ˶Ƶһȥһڻе㵣Щһ䲻ȾܣʱĶȥȥ֮ǰŬҲͰ׷ˡ
ᣬŹǺȵ˵ǽȥһˣ㣡
⻰Ժ¶һ˿Ц˵ģˣ˭ҪӰƤ
һԷ⻰΢΢һ㶣ϵǹı飬ʶ׼ֹֻ߷͵غһ˻ĿƷΧֱ֮ȥ
˻ûӦô£ѾһǹǺڶǹڣֱָ񡣹ǵȻڳ˶һģвģȴɫļһǹһ֣Ǽɵ
ղȥɳ˵ʱ˳ְһģΪͺԳӦòⶫ˭֪յͱסˣͶȻںò״Żᣬⶫ˳Ҫǲǰ⼸һúʰһͷ֮Ǿ޷ƽϢ
ķչ˵Ԥ֮⣬һͨѾס˾ƣ˭֪ԷȻͳһֻǹʽתֱ¡ᣬ˭ɹǸڹ¡ʵԣĻ˴
һǹָֻ֣˸ղŵŻ˵ǻõѽõѽģӰѵˣ㣬¸£
ԷֻǹûƱˣ˵ڣ򲻵ѵʱȥðյġ԰ѵһӣֻ𣬲ڴ˹Уȴİճȭ״
ǼвѾˣеעһϣԷ裬˿̺޲ܽͷ֮ޡֱǹָŻһ˵㣬˺㣬ҹ
ͺӼһͻδжȵģϰĻûѽڵӰѽ
⻰Ժ󣬽ƶͬʱһգ۾һᣬģ˵ǹǵǰȽǹ֧Ҳ˽ġ˿̣Ȼʾ˵һİգԷǾŵùģҲǰŲ
ΪԾľˣԷõĿǹᾹȻһȥʲôɵӶסҪǼ̬չȥе޷ʲô
ǰһ˵ס֣ɲҪε̩ггһͬ־쵽ǿгһҵģ˭ҿԱ֤£˭Ҳסǡ
ĻԺͺס˽Ų׼ǰһѺ˵ǰ˾ȻǳгĶ
⻰ԺҲһ࣬ȻԷ˵Ǽ٣Ѿﻢˣǰһᣬ˵ĵڳɸгˣô˵ǸʡҾͷŹˡ֪˰ɣȥˣȻҺװƣǳԲ˶ߣ
˵⣬ȻоһʹϮͷ漴ֻǹֶȥ˭˵˲̤ͬһǾͨʵӡ֤仰Ǵģ͸ղͺһޣ߽ţǹ䡣
λõ֮ǰҪ࣬һȥԺ󣬹ǵҲ޷ֽ̧סʹɫͺڷǳңղûȥĻпܺ͹һĽ
ƼǼһƽˣųһָŹǻˣȻǹŸг͵ɣ
⡰˵úأղžѾһͼˣȻ»ͳǹȴʲô۾Ҳó
һһߵĹǣ˴ȵվڽȥ˭Ҫʲô˼Ļϵļһɲˡ
ͺӵ⻰æǽȥǻûǹǴ˿Ҳһ£һͽֶǹˣǸȥĻϵˡ
֣ͺӵ˺ǽŲȥģǹ˼ҶȥˣǰһòǻʵĸгȴĽʲôһֻмϣλ˽ܹһˣ¸ô󣬶ԷԸԸ֣һҲûС
뵽Ժ䱻ΪԼĹϵ˵ʱԷ벻С˵ù־ŰҵҲйϵҪȻ񾭣ôǮȥôûõķӡ
Ժ󣬹װһͰ͵˵λүϹˣðλŅ֣̀һ·ҽ㡭Ҳģͬ£ɮ濴棬Ұɣ


ڰ˰ʮ ˭
˿̣ǵıһ˵ãͲһѱһˣ÷վһ߼̿ס֮СܲŸջµʱ䣬ɳϰ廹е˽⣬ƽʱ˵۸ڶһҲţʱ˵ذˡҪǱھǿ׼ΪˣôǼеĹϰأҲ߯ˡ
һ˹ǵĻԺ⣬ǱΪϡеϵ벻иһڣʵ˭ôɵģ
⻰Ժһ࣬漴ϵǣǣºûаϵԼġ
Ŷһ˶Է˼ǺάģбҪһʾô£ǳʹһɫЩڣϾǣЩǡ
˭ʵ֪ϵж˰ɣȻǹųгҪٸſڿӵغ˵ⱲӾ׼ˣ
Ϊ˷ֹ鼱֮ҧ⾯˶ԷһҲǷδȻһͲʡ͵ĵƣ£ɳʲôҲΪ档
ңң˵ǽһӣҲҺ˵ѽҽ֮ȪմɽصȥгӦʶɣ
Ļ䣬һʹȵ˵˵ҿǰѸղ鳤˵Ļ߷ˣҰղŵǻ˵һ顣
⻰ԺȻһղǻѾ˵ȥܲջǿɵԼԼͣʵ˸ղǸʲô鳤˵ſڿӣ¨ԽͱԽˡʶԺֻӲͷƤѸղŵǻظһ顣
һʼʱΪһſںߣ˼һԺ󣬾Ȼ˵ʶһ⣬򲻻ôҧġ֪׷ĻԷľһԼ˵ⲻʲô⣬յõЧ
öԲԺһ˵СӣҿǲƺĲѽҪ˵ҿ̫ܲҪ˵ĻҿҪٳһˡҺʶʮˣô֪һСӣ֪ð쵼ʲôȻֻǸǸʡ쵼ҿǻˣʲôҽн򡣡
һĻý˼ˣ˶Էһۣæ͵гᣬҸղ˵ĲӦλҽ֮ȪֱȽεĹϵ
Ϊ˱ʾղŵǻûѣֱָգֹԷţ֮ȪӦġղһûн⽫˵Ϊ֤ղǻʵԡ
ڳ⻰Ժ󣬲ûЦƻģʵ˼˵֮Ȫ˹ϵԲ
ȻԸϣֲòϣ˵ͷ
һǰһĻԺظоһᣬǵ˵ڼˣ漴װģذֻ˳һ¼Ժ󣬳Ź˵ղ߰ľ˵ʲôôԽԽͿ˵֮Ȫ֮便ʲôϵ
Ǵ˿̲룬Ķܷŵ˵أǰļƣ첻⻰˵ؿܾ͹ȥˣֻӲͷƤѸղŵĻϸ˵һ顣һʱҪһ飬˵úһһ˵
ȶԷ˵Ժһ˴洢Ȼ֪ⲻʲôãЩ˭˵أ
Ǽ˵Ժǰг˳˼ϵԷղ˵Ǳ˽ʶʮˣȼϣæг۲ʶ̩ɽðĻҽ뵽͵ҸǸˡ£㿴
һ˹ǵĻԺ룬Ҫǰѽ֮ȪõĲϣһҳԷġ⻰ֻ룬ᵱ˵ġ
ڴؿһͻȻ˾ҷǳңһͲֹһ˾ͺӵҲˣ˿źĿһƬɷס
һ֪δأϾղ˵֮ȪʶʮˣڶԷҲ֤֮Ȫ֮˵Ӿ˹ϵҪǲҸڣֱʰ˵ĻƺҲе㷭֮С
ľһ⣬Ź˵ڲҲ㣬Ҳɽؾ˹ģҾǸгҲڷ֮ϣ˵ˣҲǰĪˡ
һĻӲûЦһ̫ˣһŰѡ߷߽֡˿һһ޹صͳݼȥϷ̫˷˲ˡ
һĻ󣬳һֻҪԷӦ׷ɽؾ˾֣һҲûСɽعֳ֣ɾǱ˽ȥ֮ոģһҲҰԼôһʲôõĵأ
Ϊ˷ֹһЦгȷʵҵĴһղѾ˵ǲٹˣһ֮˵㻰ɣ
⻰ȥһмӣʵȴǰһһñӣڲִ£һáǡ֣һǱߵ˶˽ȥһ˵סһ죬ұ˴Ӱ·ɱɽؾʩѹΪ˳ɨϰ
һȻ֪ʲô⣬ƣ˳ŶԷĻ˵Уһ˹ԺʲôҲ˵ߣҾⶼߡ
һ˵߳ŻеǰǹŬŬ졣


ڰ˰ʮ 
һһ˵׵طˣ۰Ͱ͵ȥڴɽعֵ
ľԶſԺȻֹһӳʮ죬ͷλɽعֳ֣ɡղŽӵسƿĵ绰˵˳ֵǰγг־լס
֣⻰Ժͷ˵һ£ĸ۵ļһıȻôɣҵԴ˸˹µʣһĻɴñƶöˡ
֣ɴһӾˣæ֣֣֣֣ңǹѽأ
֣߽Ժһһͷʱ󣬸ղسдͽֵףڼǹͳˣָŵ˾Ȼǰس̩г֮Ȫ˵ֵܡ֣æγǹ׼ȵеǹ£ҾͿǹˡ
Ǹ죬ֳĶԺҲǹ˳۾׼˻״Ҳҵ׷װѾץϡ˭Ҳû뵽̬ȻôأҿֳͶӳǹĻԷܶȽҪ˼ǹǾ죬Կ
Ȼʶ̬أȴҲţƶԣֻСƶѡͷתһվλÿȥ£Ȼϰ
֮ǰѾƿڵ绰ô˵ģһ˻㱨ԭǣͺ͹ϵһ£˹ȥͷе鴦һ£ٹȥش⣬תʱСģһǨŭ
һҪǲ֪ƿĽһҲ᲻ˬϵԷ״ԺڶԷôĿ֪ȻƿĿƷΧ֮ڣöԷȹеڿӵ˼ȻĻһ˳ˮۣѾҪúðƿһѣҲһˡ
һʾһͷͬʱƲ¶ɫҡҡ֣ʾҪڡ뿴߷ֳΪֵ֣ļһô¡ֻǲ֪֣־֣Ǹ֣һϣһ֣ƿ¡
õһʾԺһɣֻǹžһˮϣᵯһԺصˮϡ
֣ɲҵһྯʹһɫѵϵǹʰĹڶǹ֧ĿƷǳϸ񣬲Ҫ˵ʽǹǹҲ𾯷ĸ߶ӣһǹһҪȰǹ֧סȻԳǹ
֣ɼǹ֧סˣǰеǹҲȻԵ˵ӳ˰Щһȫֱ޷ˣǵǹģΪԽǰˡ
֣ɴ˿ʶΪһƵµһΪղŻǹָŹǵˣټϵɢŵ֮ĶҲµĽ£ôǵĶ˵ߣȻ˱ȶԷ࣬˿̹ǽǣһ׸ģôҲǵ
һĻ֣ɵʵǺܳԾģͺӺµǰʲôˣɽǿɶŵĺȻһټ
ƿǼæһ˵λɽعֳֵ֣ɣΪһ֮참Ҵ۽ѽ
һƵĻԺﰵ룬벻Ȼɽعֵһ֪֡ƿʹʲôУȻԴ˹Ҫ˻ᣬú÷һеԲƿĹ
֣⻰Ժ󣬲Ŵǰ⼸ò˵ǳֵǹĴͽĻеǣǿһȥʱ򣬵Ҳɲģͷ˲ò࣬ˮɶ˾ȻҲ赶ŪǹĹˡ
֣ɿһۣȵȻ֪˭ϻ£ĵӻǲСѽ㵹˵참Ķˣ
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֣⻰ԺȻǲˬǰĿŲ˹ǵϣ˵⾿ô£
ɽؾ̾ӳƴ׼һƵ˴ڼֳǴˣǰץϣվһߣ۽ǰĸˣǸʲô
֣ɵʻͷԻղֻܹ˳ȹؾˣɵ̬ȺʣֱӰ˵ǲǿԽѶԷ˸ʰˣ뵽Էг鳤ͷΣе򲻶⡣
˼Ժ󣬹ǿ˵֣֣ģҽӵ˾ָ߳ӵĹģǾʹ͹гķ̸ǽԺֱӲ˽Ҳˬ䣬˭֪λ͸һͣ
ǰȥ֣˵һ飬ֻʡȥϵĵߺֻǹ·һƵˣ֣ȥһǣµĻҲûаϵ
֮Ҫôһ棬˼αʵе㲻ģһ棬ԶԷеĸг鳤ģе㻳ɡҪǱԷ˵ĻȥԺôɽ졣
˹ǵĻԺ֣ˣЩֻǹȻͺӵ˴ģһ¾е㲻ðˡ룬˵Ǵزɳ˾ģǸ˼Ĺξˣ´ҪٷĻûôˡ
֣ȻİʰԷһκνȷʵе㲻̫˵ֻȰ˽ˣģȸһ˵


ڰ˰ʮ ڸְ
һ˾ֳĻԺյ˼㣬ߵڰ׵ģûߵġɨ˶Էһۣ˵ѽ˵ֳˣѽôô죬Ǹű˵Ӧ׷ΣǴЩǹѽģô˵أ
֣һĻ󣬺ǲˬ˵ЩԻȥҵʲôʱֵָֻˣ˵ǹ𣿲ʶҪϹ˵ǴĸСġӳһͰǶ
ֳԺæӦǣֳ
һԷ˼аǹٻǡ߷֡˼ʱߵ˼㣬ȵ֣ģле͹ιֳҿɽصίϹˡ
Ҫ˵һ֮ǰô㣬ҪΪ˸ƿݵӣʰЩһĽڣĶŭˡɽعֵľֱֳ̫ˣ˵Ŀ޷̫ͣˣĶСֵ͡Ĵڡ
һŭˣ֣ӷŭξֳһ£֮ǰĩֳҪǰ֮Ȫ˲飬λôţҲֵġֳȻˣµ˲ô̾ӳ˺ôľ£ˡ
һԴӳֳ£˲ⲻӣҵһµСеģǹⲻڵڴҪٲȡʩԺֳôٵȥ
֣ɵһһۣƵ˺ȵҰ⼸ΪļһȥҽǺúüʶһʲôе͹
ôһ˵ǿļˣ赶ɱ˵ļƻʵˣΪ˷ֹ⣬ǰһ֣˵֣֣µֵעһ㣬Ǹп˵ļһṦҸղžǳĿ
Ŷйôţ֣ɱͳǹ˵Ƚſ죬ҵǹ졣֣Ұʵˡ
˾ֳĻԺЩȥҲ˸ղ֣ɵĻ֪ЩֶΣֱȱȥˡ
ҲԷ˶ڣǸƨֳǹָɲɵѪ֮ȥӵģϵȥöԷˡԺЩˣһ߱ȥֽŴ򿪵һԶǵģ
¼״ǰһһƵǰȵúһһֱ¶ݵԭ򣬵ͦʱˡ
ǧһ֮ʣͥԺſһȣ֣ɣϵǹҷ£֪ǹָ˭𣿡
⻰Ժ˶ĿſȥֻһɫµƿǰһжûмԷˣ˵һףмسͷ֮ǰ¬ˡ
һԺΪԾĵȻ֣ˣȻôεس˼ұϾҪ쵼ԸøӻҪġæǹתӭȥƿ˵سãָʾ׼ﷸ˴ȥǲֵǹš
֣ɱ˵ǰߣߵƿǰʱ˼Ҹ۶ûһֱۣǰȥˣƲѣ룬һس㻹קˣΪԼǸ
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ٵĿģΪ֣ɵгչʾĻᣬһĻҵֵĽڡ֮ǰͨ绰ʱѾ˵ˡ
ᣬʱ򣬼ŷȻǹָһе㲻ˣһΪ²ˬ˭ҲⱻǹָͷǸоȻûгóԲܡĻеԶԡΪ˵õѵĻᣬѶԷڻϿȷʵе㲻صһĶͷ˾ʵʵڵ쵼
£гŷɵ⻰Ժ󣬳ɵˡôҲ벻ղ⼸ȥ۵Ȼг鳤
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һֱƿ֣ŶԷգ۾Ȼŭ˵سɽڻǵ쵼µɽǵĹֳɣ֪ôֳģϾֳԺָһЩʲôҪǲһҽֱﷴӦص⡣
ƿͨղһգ۾֪ôˣղŵĵǶģԷûǨŭԺͺðˡöԷôίҪǲᣬƨĹֳǻеԲȥһ
ƿæͷ˵гģܳʲô飬ɽίһ鳤һ
һ⻰Ժϵı΢ͳֻ˿ʱ䣬Ȼŭ˵سҸСʱʱ˽ȻóһĴҾڹгҵš
˵Ժһͣ٣˵ҿ£ð⿵Ҳҽйһһ£ȻٸҴ𸴡
˵꣬ƿκαʾֱתȥƺ֪ֳһʵʵ˸ְϡæЦȥѶԷ⿪
˭֪˼Ҹᣬһ˦ֱ֣ȥ


ڰ˰ʮһ ƿ
վβѣҲǣҲǣԷԸ⣬ӲȥǿаѶԷˣûôĵӣվԭ룬̧ȥи߸ӶţֻǸȵģҪӣҲӦƨϡ
ƿ䲻֪ŵλһ֮ʲôϵԿ϶йϵ򲻻ôϡԷôڰ֤ݣ֣ɵ˵ˡ
۵֣ɳ˵ֳ֣ǲǸҽһ⾿ô£˭ȨȻҰѳгߵĹԱҪһĻгܶҪˣعֳţѽȻ쵼Ҷеˡ
˵⻰Ժƿ֣ɿڣͷ˵С£Ǵ绰˵гһͬ־ڶ綫Ӵأ㱻֣ɸȥ
С⻰Ժһһߴ绰ȥˡ
֣⻰Ժ󣬿ɥֱ˵ﻹҪģôҲ벻ôġƿһۣæ͵سģҽӵĵ绰Ժ󣬾ˣʱǲ֪ղλгԶðá
˵ԺͰ͵ؿƿһֱۣȽϵ˹Ҫ
ƿԶԷ״ӶЩһɫһ㣬үүԥſڡһԺһ뷽跨һسӵġԸЩһõİ취һӴϺݲţԶûзĻᡣ
Ժƿٸ֣ɻˣߵ˵˵˵⾿ô£ʵǣаǾ͵Ѿɣ
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ƿĻԺæһĶͬʱ˵سɽΰӳ㱣֤˵ÿһ仰ʵǵģа㲻ʵԸ֯κδ
ƿ⻰Ժû˵ʲôֻǿƵ˵ͷ룬ҲǸ˾ֱӱˡƷȻ˵㣬˿ƿȱˣԲʱȰչԺ̣ʵڲеĻˣʱٽһ߿ҲǲС
ƼƿϿղŵĻɵһɣæѸղŷһһʮȫ˵˳һֻǹݵƿϡ
֣ɿƵı֣޲ȥһֱӰ߷ɡһʵ̫ɺˣеȫƵϣʲô׼ȥ鰸ӣֳһкò˹ղھʱԼкˣġԷһ£ʱò˵ʲôƿģԻʡʡɡ
ƵĻ䣬ƿֻͻȻŵ绰ŰһֱӹҶˡֻԺ󣬶˵ӳѹǡͺӵһؾԺһ
֣ɣз˼Լϵ⣬ǹʱȽƱܡһ͵⣬Ժƿ˵
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֣ɵ鴦Ժƿ˵ӳȥһȣһ͵ˣ߲ˡ
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ƿ˿ȥǵޱȣʵҲϸ㡣֣ɱ£֮ȪλڶԷгˣƽʱ˷ǰʱ䣬ƿȥֵУȻܶѳ岻ģҪǲ£˭س
˵ʵҲƿӵƵĵ绰ԺֱӸ绰ԭֳֻܽװȥҪǻ˴ӹĻҪƵȥĻǾԲܵ顣ָֻ֤ĻɾͲô׵ˡ
ڵ֣Ӧʮþȵ顣⿵ˣԷҲ˵һߵɻأƿ֮һֱûȥ⿪Ϊ⿵ͷġ
Ϊؼ֣ԺܲܵõֳλáֳвίǷصƼ֮һҪ˵⿵ۺĻǲܵġƿĿǰ£ԷȥĿԲ
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Ƚһֳ⿵ںӦǺ֮Ȫ֮ĺ֮Ȫɽʱ˾൱ڶԷгˣȻԸȥǲǵڸԼҲ


ڰ˰ʮ ǳ
һĻ⿵ӦϣֳӹȥһĻ֮ȪʲôҪҵҲƿ⿵еŵԺƿǺܿĵģ˵׼һֳҲΪ
˵֮Ȫ飬һҲûϡԷֻһгһǳгѹɲֹһͷҪʲôĻƿţкһҲƽġ
ƿ׼׵Ժֵʮң⿵ŴҴҸϵֳһ˿ҵĴͷϣȥʪģҲ֪糿ʱĦ˿ˮϵ̫ˣһ·ĺ
Ժ⿵ƿĵһ仰ǣƿسгĶأȥ㱨ˣкü飬֪ģһȥ͸ǲѽ
˵ŵúܴ⻰˵˵ƿģ˵һġȻƿسƽԴӺ֮ȪĬԺûسһɾͲһˡ˼ǳгʵʵڵ쵼һίܹġ
ƿ⿵ĻȻ˼ǰһָָݣ˵ги鳤أ
⿵⻰Ժ̧ű׼ȥﰵСϢ˵ƿһˣڿҲδأҪĻһòûбҪ棬Ŷýɣ
ƿ⿵˿뷨Է׼洳ˣæһ죬ѹ˵ǣ߸ղųһ飬гǵĴأҾҪȥĻȰƽԺ˵㿴أ
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⿵һžͿԣֳ֣һƵվԱߣղӭģȻ̴ơ֣⣬ȻֲƳ棬ƫͷˣ˵һè塣
Ѿˣ⿵װһ֪ӣƿʵƿسô£гһεָôͳأĸ۵ļһǵ£ҿǻˡ
⿵Ȼô£ǰ֪һ֣ǵĻǰʱ䣬֮Ȫ뿪ʱִҪ֣Ϊܺ˳⿵ֻаѹֳλ˳ȥ
벻ż칦һǻˣ㲻ϲһţҲûгĵ֮Ȫֻ֮ǺϵǰĲͼ߷̫Ļ⿵ǾԲ̲ˮġ
֣ɱָ⿵Ժܰ˵仰ģϾԼϰͶԷк˶Է⻰ԺİġᣬǿˣĻΪһӱӽѣҲ˹
ƿ⿵Ļ֪Էڽ̬ˣŷ˵֮ǰڱ⿵ͷǺаյģԷͷӦʵһ̣Ǹǽرţ˿ɡ
ƿ֣ȶԷ߹Ժ󣬵˵ӳѸղŷܡ
ƿ֮Բ׿˵£һΪάس˵سǻ㱨Ҳ֮УϾôˣûҪôԷӣһ棬˿˵Ļ⿵ţҪһ棬˻ῼһ̾ӳҳ϶ȡ
˳ֹԺƿҪ˵ģƵļֱֳǾǲܵģֳδɡ˵ֳѡƿɫˣǰͺ͹ֵίºǿ˽׼ֲ֣ɷͥģڿûҪôˡ
سίǻ㱨پ֮ļ𣬰ͰֱӸֳ֣ɻ㱨񣬸˵ֱίǻ㱨ˡһӿԾ˺üȴһҲĳ⣬Ϊسָɵġо³Ժ֣군ˣԣпǸᡣ
ʶԺĶɾͲӣѸղŵһһʮ˵˳֮ǰǵ˸ЩͼӴ׵˵һ飬ѹߵ飬ȫƵ֣ɵϡ
ƿ󣬲ɵð˵ͷһǸ˲ţȻžֱֳӿڣһҲһ䵱һ·ȷʲôģӦûκ⡣ҪɽؿһٲˣĻҪƵĸ־һ׵顣
֣ɱѾԴе׼ƾȻ޼ɵغԼҲ̲סˣȵƣ˵˵ʲôأ˵𣿡
ƿ⻰Ժüͷһ壬׼ѵԷ˭֪⿵ȴѾǰ濪ˡˮ˶ȥá
⿵֣ɣǳ֣ɣʲôʱֵ㿪ˣسָʾҺú÷ʡԼ⣡˵ΪĹ˶ıھȻ˵ĿڣҿֳίǻҪţҪٺ˵˵ĻֱӸҰϡ
֣⻰Ժ󣬳ˣҪ˵һֳĻվһǰﻢļһһ³ȥھһ˵Ĺ¶һ㣬˶һơСʱ֮ǰһֱ֮һ繷ʺ磬ķҲ߯ˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ףһ
⿵ĻԺƵⲻѣ񶼲֣һۣղŵĻ㱨ؿ⿵˵ǣղ֣Ϊ˰ǵ˿ѣг棬˵ǹСߣ
㱨Ժ͵ʲôƵģһŵضƿ˵ǣղ֣˰г˾ˣڻû⿪أ
֮ǰƻһһ֣֣˸ղ⿵ĻԺֱӱ֣ˡҪǼ˵ȥ˵˵ģˡ
ƵĻԺ⿵ӻҰ֪¸ˣﰵһҪǨŭίǣĻ¿ɹúúһġ
һ˾ϵڻζʲôôΪ˴ίǵô򵥣˼ǵȥ̸ءڸղǶ̶̵һ˲䣬Թֳм뷨ģֻ²Ҫǣˣĸһа뷨
˿̣ƿһֱվ治ݵԭˣԷһĴ̸ġ䴫˵ƿһˣڱϻ׼ȷһˡ뵽Ժ⿵ͷ۵ĸоԺҪɽһҶ󣬿ǲܵˣ
мʧ䣬ڱϣ⿵ȴһҲû¶ⰲֳͲˣֻ֮Ȫƿ˵Ҳ̸ʧʲôġһĻҲƽһ㡣
Ժ⿵;ó̬ȻԼĶ۰Ͱ͵صţҲûκ塣ư˰֣Ȼǰߵƿĸǰ˵ƿسһ£ôɣгɻǵأ쵼ʱܱǿɲܵ󡣡
˵߳ƿһơ˼ȻҪƺ飬ȻܵŹǺ֣ɵ˵Ʋ̸ֳ֣˿ɶ֮Ȫǧ˿Ƶϵƿ⿵䲻֮ȪȻҪ֣Ǳŵãͱӣǿе̫ˡ
⿵ƿԺ⿵ͳһ֧ȥԷȻ̬ƿȻҲڰͷø߸ߵġͳžһΪԷ˻
⿵չƿĻ̣Ȼƿֱ£ʾлƿҲԺ⿵˵ƿسˣ㿴ô
ȻѾ˳ṫֳ׼˵Ļ⿵Ҳ˵ڵģҲ˭˭ԭ
ƿ˼ҶǮĺôҲò㻹ȥˣҲе̫˵ȥˡƿһ̣һ³ȥԺ󣬿˵ǣЩ˵ȷʵһ㣬ҪóĴʩгǱӦȥѽ
˴˿̶µĴȻ֪ڱʱ򣬻Ҫѭ򽥽˭ҲһӰѵƷ
ѽϵͳȷʵҪǿˣһ̫ˡ⿵͵
ھһҡźģֻҪ˳ƿĻ˵ˣɴ˳ֵĽûйϵ֮Ȫ֪Ҳ˵ʲôǡֵ˵СӸƿʵʵץ˼Ҫµˣʲô취أ
ƿ⿵̬ѾˣҲûбҪ̽ȥˡ˼һԺ˵ǣҿ֣Ѿʺټιֳλˡղг»ˣҪǵĴĻֱͱȥҪĻҿ¶ҪԲ˶ߡ
ƿĻԺ⿵æ˵ͷ˿ҲĹעԷ˵⻰滹Ǽ١һͱȥΪ˰ʲôǾܲġΪһɵˣԼȥɵƲŻôȥأ
⿵ƿ˵ѽĿ쵼ǳô鷳ӦõϣܹϢ飬ѹֳλó˵ôٿίʱо㿴ô
Уǵġƿ˵
ĿľҪ֣ƨɵµλã÷ҪϾɱڼȻ⿵Ѿѻ˵ˣøӻҪġ
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ƿ⿵ĻԺ֮ԷҲʶʱ֪λȡԲһ㣬һ֦ȻĻȻûоܾĵװһ˼Ժ󣬶⿵˵ǣҿίºǿͬ־ǲģ˼ʶӲҵҲܲӦʤξְֳ㿴أ
Ŷǿͬ־ѽƿس۹ǲѽȷʵһͬ־˵ίֳҲˮɵ飬û⿵˵
⻰Ȼ˵úɣȴǸζºǿǸϹˣӻɳһһģ֮ǰûܸһǺûȷվӺ͹ϵ벻ƿ̶̵ʱ䣬ԷȻͿȥˣĹûǲλѽ
ºǿΪֳĻֿɾˣ£˵ʲôأֻеͷͬ⡣
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ڰ˰ʮ ף
ƿɫذѹί⿵Ȼһ£ֻˣĻɾеѿˡһˮҲ⿵Ļ˼ƾʲôء
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⿵ƿĻԺ󣬰˵ͷӦ˵ԷǸӵġΪĿǰ£ƿǰѾֳίλȫùȥҲֻиɵ۵ķݡڶԷίλҲûаɡ
⿵ƿЦ˵ίȸŰɣȻȥԺҺͬ־һɡ
⿵еͬ־ָǵίͣΪרְǣרȫعñӵģ⿵ӻҪԷġ
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ý˵ƿòװίһְ˳Դ˵ȻܸȤίǺһϵˣλþΪеĻһȨԺòλó
ƿ⿵ʲôѾ御Ц˵У¾ˣʱһʾֵ֧ġ
⿵˶ԷĻȻе˼æЦ˵ƿ飬ˣ֧ǻģģ
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еϵԺƿһ˵Ƿģ֯ʱг֮ĹϵǿԵģóʵеĴʩгҲ̫Ϊǵġ
⿵⻰Ժϲǲΰ룬ϲǣǰƽˣȻ֣ɱˣ˲ûκʧǵǣӽԺʲô飬͵õˡ
ԲƿԲһڣгȨɲһίܹսģҪôȥ󽫻ֻһúܲҡ
˴ĬԺ󣬾̧Ժȥ
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Ҳʮˣڹٳ˺öˣ֪ܲʶôȻĿģƺƿʾվӵľġΪͶ£ϧɽصϴ󣬿ɼҵĳġ
ѡΪСƿţίǣԺܵƿĽ⿪пܶȥеˣȽϣȻȡ֮ˣԲŻ˸ղǸƷĳƺ
ƸһѣһǳҪԭͨղŵƿʹɱֵĿԲᣬվԷĶȥԺί⿵ҪòҲô׵顣
⿵˿̵ﱾͲˬĳƺĻһӾʹͭһ㣬ЩϹ۵ļһһ쵽²ɣ֪ǵģʾгԺ󣬿һͷôһʰǣߣ
˵⻰Ժ⿵һ˦䣬վǰƣֱ̧ǰȥ߳Ժվסӣƿ
Ƶϴ˿̱ȿϻҪ࣬ؿƿ˼˵㿴ΪȳƺһسǾͰùѪͷ
ƿ󣬿˵ǹֵȷʵСΪ̾ӳϽΧ֮һкףͲ˽̫ˡȥԺҹдһݼ飬һ͵ȥ˵ԼʶԺ¶දӡ


ڰ˰ʮ ף
⻰Ժһŵĳ̤ʵˣȻسĻ˵úǿӲĴʩһݼѣڱıѽ
Ķе˼æվֱ壬ƿһ񣬲Ŵ˵лǺسȥԺһд飬һϰ͵ȥ
ƺƿ֮ĶԻ֣пѣͬĴٵĿǳְ죬ǻȴֻҪдˣ˱˵Ȼӡ뵽Ժݺݵ˹һۣҪô˾أ֪գαصѽ
⿵ȻҲƿҪƣĶ˼СϺͶԷƽϣһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˡ
ƿƵĻԺ󣬴ӱ߳һȻ󿪿˵Կ׸ңǸɵЩ£ǵƤ֡
⻰ԺνЦŰԿ׵ݸƿ⻰֣ɵĶ棬һذըӶͳ£漴һѺ̷̳һ㣬ң
Ϊعֳƽʱ˲٣йٳϵģһЩġһ飬޷һʲôĽ˵ʬͷҲһ㣬ƹĿԻ൱ġǶȳʱıͲˡ
ƿ⻰Ҳһ˵ûκʵָ˼֣ɵĶȴһ£겻ѡղһĹֳ˱Ժ󣬾ȻзҶĲѣ»ͷ
ƿ׷⿵Ժ󣬽ŲԻ˻˶Էǰ档⿵˿̶Ȱ벽һԹҲûУϣߵøһźء
ԺһƺڰĶߣ÷ºͻڶСϡ˿̣ϵǸرעĿ⿵úǻۣͷƿվһǰ
ƿɽί̵ؼ˴󣬲Ϊһûж˵ʲôֻʼպ⿵ûס
ƿһۣӲͷƤ˵гΪɽصίǣвжΣ쵼
һ⿵һۣ˵·ԺɽһҪúܽᡢ˼⾿Ķҿɲϣ´飬ʱί鿼ɽذӵˡ
һ⻰Ȼ˵赭д⿵ĶȴʲôȣʲôʩίǵְηأһҪôڣһھĵطкɺݾȷʵĺ
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⿵һ⻰ԺﲻɵһɣֻҪԷΪºίûʲôֱӵĹϵˣ˵ģͲҪĵˡһæͷ˵ǣǣлг⣡
ƿҲ⿵棬ͷǣһ֮ĹϵжôϷҪȥġ
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⿵ƿһۣͬ˵££
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⿵ƿʻ˵ѽ¾ͰкƿسˣһҪˡг˲ˣǸչ˺ļˡг֮ǰǵʶǿԺһŬ°õġ
һԺȻټƽʲôˣ˵ͷԺ˵ɽصĵǺսģЩСֻҪȥӦûκģҾﾲǵĺϢˡ
һ˵⻰ԺվŹ÷˹ȥסԷԺһε˵ɩӣǵĹλ鷳ˣԺʲôѵĻʱϵ


ڰ˰ʮ ֮
˵ԺæóһһӡƬ˫ֵ˹ȥ
÷һĻǸжԴɷͺ˷츲صı仯ᵽ߲ĺ壬һĹΪֹûпڶ
÷еԲ׼ԷôĿģﰵѵǳɷģƺе㲻ܡ
ȻɷĹģЩסѣġԴɷԺΪ飬ҲȥҵǣõĴʧǹҶֱӱŲ
뵽Ժ󣬹÷ٹ۲һʱ䣬¶˵̫ؼˣһŵùˣԶڶ
ˣ÷һ˱ʾ˸лô˵ԷôæƲĿĲ˵ȷʵеȺġ
һ⿵ƿƵſȥʱͻȻһСŮгҴҵ߽÷Ժʵ裬ôˣΪʲôץ㣿Ǿ澯컹Ǽپ죿
СĻԺһתȥе˼÷ںǳţĺɽصЩԼǵˡһĻе񾯲Ҫѹ÷ߵӣѹСŮԺᡣ
˵÷æ첽ȥŮ˵ܰҪ˵쵼ģ壿
һĶ˵гŮܰ
һ֮ǰѾµŮݣƵĻԺһԺǰһЦܰͬѧã컹֣֮˵ôѽǺǣ
һĻ˶ںǺЦ·һЦЦƵġ
˵ģ⡣
СﷴӦ÷æһסŮļ÷ǳе˵гᣬСӲ£һ˵Ķʲô澯졢پ죬ǧҪ档
ܰĸ׵ĻԺգŴ۾˿һ̧ͷ˿衣һı飬æһ˵壬Ҹղ˵ģɱ棬ҿɲʲô澯졢پģ
һϵЦݽסˣ벻һ仰ȻǵĸŮ˴ķӦһӻе˵ĸоǳгӺŮѽھȻһЦ⣬е㲻ζ
һ΢΢תͷ⿵һۣȻ˵ǡسЩҲ˵гҵǰΣұֳһԴϣܶһ¹˴ܰˣ
˵⻰Ժһ̧žȥıղŹ÷ĸŮǽС΢ıָʹˣٴȥ̲סҪɽһ˵Ļ϶ΡڱϾֻһгЩ˵̫ˣ׵ˣⲻչ
Ż˵ϣԺ⿵ڹ÷ĸŮһĵģƿҲ˳ضעˣһĻĿҲﵽˣˡ
һϳ֮ʣ⿵ԥƺʲô˵ԷᣬȥԺֱû񿪳ˡ
˶磬ɽسнʱһֻͻȻ绰ƿˣ˵⿵һԶٷ˵гܾˣһֲĻᡣ
⿵ղŵı֣еµԷˡԷδɣðڵļӻҪڵġЩ˾̫˵ˣ㣻һԺӹһ˵á
һֻ˵ȻǺƿ绰ģһҪ⿵̫ӣӾˡ
һƿ֮ĹϵȻͬѰЩϵĻһ䲻䡣νĹȻУͱϸء
ֹңһֻٴһƳһۺ룬֪⿵绰Ժ󣬲˽
ʮ룬һıĿ񣬶⿵ץʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµġղһϳʱ򣬾׼ȥ˼Ӳûֱӿˡ
ȻһҪΪƿģڿĿҲѾﵽˣԷ᲻Ϊ飬һЩõĿأΪĵġ˭ԸΪ˵гϣǲӽˮ뷨跨Ҫһѽһҹȥ
ղŽӵƿعĵ绰˵һͬ˳ԷˣһŵĲæ绰ʾл绰ôʱ䣬ԷûнһƿһͨĻʱȴþû˽ζʲôɵҲó
֮ǰмһ˼ԷȻӸλҲ̫һ㣬òƱƿ˶١ʶΪԷմ˼Ĺ⣬Ը๫ӸľܷḻóԺúȵźţٰǸģͿԴˡ
Ժ˭ҪٸһֻһƽĹӸ磬ֱָ̧ԷһơԸ˼ܣ¸ǵˮ©һֻΪƽ̩ĹӸ磬ϹǵĹۡ
죬Ըٽ迴÷ĸŮ֮е֧ƿ֮ʵ֮ȪСӵԺȫǽⷢӣɴˣɽصһִ˱ԷԶٷҪСġ
һԺ⿵ﰵԼԺûǧҪλгǴǸԼҲʹ졣
һҪ֪⿵˿뷨һĵòСֻһᣬҪľЧ벻ﵽģòƱڴĻ࣬ȻӦÿġ


ڰ˰ʮ 
⿵һڽ˵绰ﳤһ˿ĶһϻֱӰԷ˵˳
һȶԷ˵Ժֻһ͹Ҷ˵绰ôĿľΪôԷȻͶԷ˵ģʧȥô塣
Ժƿɽųʻǰ棬ȻǸһ·ģ⿵ĳԽһĳ汻һŵòᣬʲô鶼йоصģԽ׳һ
һĳƿʻ˾ý̴Ƶ꣬ɽϵεľƵ꣬ųǼʵԶԶﲻǵı׼
һӳʱ򣬿Ƶǰһſվߡ˸ˡЩ˿³Ժӭ⿵ƿ㱨Ժһһĸǰ
˸ǰԺ⿵ΪһһһЩˣȻɽصĳίһˡܵίǵʱһһͶԷֵʱ򣬽ֻմһּ⣬֮Ĳܴ
ίѾ֪ԭίῴһıԺ󣬰֣ɼҵŮһһʺһ飬ﰵģǳ£Ӹֳ֣˭
ٷԵûǢ֮䲻˵ˣϵջǺܲġһûкȾƣֻǺһϣڳ˵УļߣȻû˻ȥƽʲôǸһͣҾޣټϽ岻̫ԾͲˡ
ƿ⻰Ժ󣬻һۣӲûЦһľȷʵޣһҲͲˡ
ϵһıѾˣ̩ԺƺⲻȾˡеԵʣˣطʡأԷôҲΪ˷δȻ
⿵һĻԺȴһޣ㲻ҲͰˣôһ岻岻ﲻϵ֮䷢飬⿵ֱ
Ժһûֱϳ̩ˡ
һԸԷ⿵һʯͷѾˣ˸ղŵǻԺﲻɵֽôģֻˣ˵飬ֻܵԺһ˵ˡ
Ժ󣬻һ˵ϡϰ壬ղɽص˸̣˵һ飬һҵģҺǫ˺һᣬǶ̾ˣұ׷ȥ¡
ϰ塱½̸ģ⻹õһ˵ڣԻǾеŤﻹмֵһ֡
Ŷ֪ˣûʲô˵ģųˣһҪأҪⷽǳʱҲⲻΪ˵زżضǵĳͷһ˵
¶ѡģˣⷽϸҪһ̡ƿƣνôŰˣУǵ߼ܴһ;һΪģζҪܺԼߵҲҪסˣĻǳ£Ҳǣ
⻰Ժæ˵ϰ壬ģ֪ô
˵ĻشԺһ˵ͷûڶ˵ʲô֮ǰظ˼ʣǲȥשôõķչռ䣬һӦòģҪѻǲٵġ
ǳг̩˵ʵȨˣⲻЩ˻϶Խ˾飬Ǻܺõ£֮ǰû㹻ľȵµʱǿɾͳˡ
̩ʱһֻͻȻһһƿĵ绰ͨ绰Ժ󣬲⣬Էʱ绰ʾлġͬһӪ˴֮˽Ҳһôæ˵лǺбҪġ
ɽׯԺ󣬳СŵʱһΧ˿ؼǵãӦǸĦгͣСŸģԽŻģеźǣΧ涵Ӱ⣬ʲôҲûС
ڼôڱһƬڣעĻͣһĦгǣֲˡϣһĸѩޱ飬ǣټİ·ȻϾ˼۲ΧûзֶԷҲ֮С
صԺһѽ췢ͷһ顣ڼѾһϰˣÿ˯ǰѵ췢һ飬ʲôλĵطԱ㼰ʱȡ
뵽÷ĸŮʱһֱʹĸоյĹ̫̫Ȼ䵽һɳСϰ۸ľأ겻ѡ
뵽Ժ͵Ǹɳϰù÷Ǩ飬֮ǰûʶ뿪ʱ⿴ΧĻҪǨĻôӦǹ÷ǰȲŶԡڵɳǰ֮ȴƫù÷ǨҸĲǨͣе˷ѽˡ
Ҫ˵ǳŹ־ӣԹ¶ĸһЩҲ˵ȥΪ˼ҲǨӲƵɡҪǵĻ;ǣҪϾһ˼⡣
˺ʱڣɽعֳ֣ɱְ̩дˡ⵹Ϊжĺ䶯ЧӦ֣ɴ̩ʷһ¼ӱΪɽسְһֻʮ죬Ҳ˵ֻ¶һĹֳ̩еʷǿǰģ˵᲻Ͳö֪ˡ
֮ȪϾ͵õϢ֣ɵȻľôˣ⿵ƿھý̴Ƶһʱ֮Ȫλ̩нҵ·ϻžСļУ׼ȷ˵֮ȪңҲ͹ǵĽļҡ
֣£ĳ͡


ڰ˰ʮ ѵ
ǵ̩ɽվȽŸԺ󣬾Ͱѹ˹ԷΪҲȥ˹רƫҡ֮䱾ûжٸ飬ֻһֽǮɫ֮ĽףŹǴΡСġУһСкԺ֮ĹϵǢࡣ
֮Ȫϵһһʱ䲻һ£ԴӹΪ˶Ժҵһִδйļҵĸо֮ǰԶԷǵԹͻΪˡڣ˵֮ĹϵǢҪΪʳڣҲ˫˫ˣĿǰֻڲʵʵĻ롣
֮Ȫ֣ɵĻԺﲻˬ˼㡣ڽɽصĺ԰Ϊ˱֤ԼǶ治ַϵĻᣬ⿵һ£ΪԸˡ
벻һս̩Ժ󣬾Ȼһ֣ʡί֯񸱲¬顪ƿ֮Ȫʱ͸оΣ˸绰¡˭֪ʳɾ˵мô£Ҳֻ֮Ȫǣ
Ҳ֮Ȫһ̩гΪгܱסһҪԭ⣬һսԪӰ󡣼ʹҪֵĻҲֲһгȥ󣬱ϾĲκͶԷвġԪһıǿģΪԾʹɽۻˣ˭֪ڶԷ̬Ⱦ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬Ʋѡ
һ̩еϣԪһʱޱ֪һȫ˵˳ԷʡίУ顣ɣԪ̬֮ԷıǲǺ͸¶ЩϢйأԪҲоѹһ鷳ˡ
ʶԺ֮Ȫں޲ѣ֮԰һ˵ôԪ㹻ӣ԰ǻʰˡ벻һͼӴԺ󣬾ȻԪסˣ֮С
֮Ȫ֣ɵĻԺȻˬ˼㣬ֻܵΪֹˣҪҲֻܵԺһˡĻɽһͻٿί֣ɵ⣬ʱĴίľҪ˵ֻһССггίҲ޷ı
֣ɿ֮Ȫþûп˵֪»ûϷˣԲģ˵ϰ壬ȻùҺ͹ǣʵ˼ǳȥģΪˣԲųͲȣҪʲôӦҲûеĻɽصֵǿܶĺѽ
֮Ȫ⻰ȻǶԷڼǵŭ㻹˵㵽ֳԺʲôʣֱӺ˵˵ⲻǵڰѰѱ˼ܵģΪ˭ѽʲôһ仰ͰƽˣҲ̫ˡ
֣ɼ֮ȪĹˣĶٶ죬ЦСһߣͷ缦һƵƵͣ
֮Ȫ˶ԷıԺһ㣬Լ²ӣˣ˰Ųƨɣ֪˵㣬˭
֮Ȫһ֧ڣ׼԰ο֣䣬ԷòڹϵͳֲģԲῴŶԷʹ˵µġһĻⲻ˽⹫ŵϢЩĻ˿õԺĳ·ˡ
Ҹ죬ͼľһ·ڲûвұ˴ѹϰƨҷһԺ˭أ
׼֮ʣͻȻһСѽôôùѽһİ˼£Ȼ㵽ȥˣҡҲˣ
֮Ȫ֪һ֪˹ǵ飬ڸʩѹء뵽Ժŭȵסڣٿ޿ģҹȥ
ղ˵ĿģȻϣ֮Ȫֵܰܡ벻һӾȻѶԷǻˣĶٶ죬ҲܱķﴫĶӵĿվȥ
֣ɴ˿̼֮ȪŮ˶ˣĶ˵׼ˡֳҲͰˣϰⱲ뷭Ļǿɾˡ
֮Ȫ֣һη֮飬ãҪľЧ֣ЦЦȻ˵취ɽؿ϶ǲˣҿȵɶʱ䣬ԺкʵĻ˵
֣⻰Ժ󣬿ļˣĵǾֳߣԺ󣬶κΰţĻ±ɱܡһ£һ֮ȻڣȴʲôҲûУÿ컹Ҫȥϰ࣬붼е˾ú¡
֮ȪӦʲôţܱɽعֿ˵İҪǿʮٱȻˡ
֣ɿ֮Ȫһֺۣõ˵ϰ壬̫ллˣԺʲôҪֻҪһкұ֤ǡ
֮Ȫ󣬵˶Էһۣŭ𱸵ĶôϻǣֻԺµʱදԽٸǵ鷳ˡ㿴ǽ£ģȻֻǹΪ˼ŴģǳԱ˳ˡ
֮Ȫ⻰˵úܴ⻰˵˵֣ģ˵˵ġ֮ȪŮ˾ͷʶ̣Ҫǲ֪ееðһųأϻϴ֣ڵĻᣬͰʰˣһỹҪٷ
֣ɿ֮Ȫе˼ǵ˵Ժæ˵ϰ壬¿ɶǹǸģҲ֪ǹǴĶģ±һƿһţҪ²ô׵顣
֮Ȫ⻰⣬˵ȷʵѰ죬ֻһһٲҪʱˣ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ղŽӵĵ绰˵ܱܵץˣϿ취Ҳûüʾô£֮Ȫ֣һ˵ֻú亹ֱðҲǴѧҵԺ󣬷ֵеģȻ֪ڻĹǹͼ˺˵жҲҺˡ
֮Ȫ֣Ժ󣬰Լ鷿ãµʱ쳣תһ룬е㲻һôĿǵΪ˸ƿƣѾʲôŹôȥġ
Ҹ̽һ¶Է⣬е˯̤ʵӺʼ֮ͻԹټʡίУһԽԽѾûлĿˡ
֮ȪɲΪһ֣ɣո¾ͱ˼Ҹȥˡ֣ɻܱסְ뼶Ҫһ³±֣ɻҪңԼԼ⵱׼һķģ˼лĻȻطнġ
ϰ࣬ƾͽһİ칫ңΪ䵹һԺ󣬾˳
һеļЦǺǵ˵鳤ǲǸˣòӦóϴǱѽܵ˼СЬ
ǺǣҵûпǹҾֻҪгˣСЬĻ쵼һչҵģ˵ǰɣƵһ֧̹ȥٵ˵
һ⻰ԺûٿڡȻѽİ칫ңҲҪֹǽжЩ˽˵˵ν˵Ķ棬ǿɾ鷳ˣԼʹЦҲҪסһȵ⡣
ͣԺ˵һʱ䵽̩Ժоô
һ³һ˵ʱҰͷϴԵÿһ飬һ򵥵̩еľһֱҪ̩ŵһҵĳǿƣҲڹͲ˯ЩȫʡȻû½Ҳû塢λǻҪһͻƵĻڿô׵顣
⻰Ժͬص˵ͷ̩Ŷ̩оõƶãû˱̩ˡ
̩ŴӾʮʼ𲽣ʼֻСС֣ԺչͷһգŰԺͳΪ̩е֧ҵ֮ͷϴӰ£̩е촬ҵȫʡǰ棬ڻȫ˵Ҳһ֪ȵġ
ƿһ˵ѽŶ̩˵ȷʵ̫ҪˡǰȥӲʱǼŵܾҲᵽں׹һһ˹˾̸һһ֣ﵽ3.5֣۽ﵽһڡҪ̸ɹĻʹǰһ󲽣ǰģǰҲ־̩е촬ˮƽﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
һ˵ͷʱָʾһҪóͶԷ̸ȡⵥҵôһ˵һͷһʶؾӳ̶ȻӲܵרŰѻй̸һ̸£һ˽һ飬Ա
ͷڹԱԣΪҪǾݡһ̩ԺͷΪǿ˭ҲĨɱ˵ġ
ƿһıԺ󣬶豭һڲˮЦ˵㿴ҹ쵼Ҹطȥһµģ벻һڷ쵼˼븺ѽ
һƺǺһЦȻԷǿ뷨ԲŻдһ˵һҲŵ鲻һʱܹģֻи˽ˣЩ˼Цʵѽʱҵ˼ϱȷʵе˵˵׼ȥĶɣ
ϵĽɳôǶһƬӣȥһ£˳ҲֻҰáҰʲô¾ƣ㿴ô˵
ŶһԷĻȤһ˵УֻҪûʲôͻ飬Ǿ͹ȥһ⣬ҿɲǹȥԺǿҰҰøɵۡ
û£ܼ򵥵ģ׼۶ˣ˵Ҳͼһ֣һˣŴţνġ˵
һ󣬵˵ͷ⻰ȷʵ
һԺƱˡղȻ˵ںԪСЬµʱǺĵġղһ֪Ԫȥصˣиϰʱ򣬲˵ĹעԲ˹
һߺ󣬾ȷʵһǳȤĽ顣̩أýеشǶʹٴˮ֮ǴԡĺȥӦʱ˵лһȷʵһ˾úܸȤ顣
Ϣһﻹһ뷨֣¸׼֪ԷСʱͺϲǹ֣˹ȥСҪǸһȥԷһ˵òС
һڴԵ֮ʱŽ˵ϰ壬ղ绰ǲڰ칫ң׼ݷһ¡
һһԺ󣬶˵˵һҪȥһˣҪûʲôرż飬һ˵ɣ
һĻԺ΢΢һղŲŵشӦһĻ󣬾һ亹
˵һ飬ôĵʱ䲻˭Ҫ㱨һǵͷͬġλгʱϰһֱӭſڣֻǵг֮Ȫ⣬ϰ̬ôͷһٰʮȵĴתأʵе벻ס
벻νؼϰĻȥִоˣͬʱԼԺʲôʱһҪʾ㱨ǧţĻпܳԲ˶ߣʱɾͻ֮ˡ


ڰ˰ٰʮ ϷС
֮Ȫӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬲ȶԷ˵꣬ͰѻͲص˵绰ϡһץϵĺղ׼ȥվݵԺӲ˻
ϣ̫Ķ˹עֻһгһԺתظгһ˵ǳؼǧ֦ܽ
ȥһԷĵ׵ģ˭֪ԷȻһҲ涼ˣ˵ˡȻ޵òУɽصǣ̫࣬Ҳʲôıֻ֣еȴһ˵
֮ȪͬʱҲ⣬ĩʱȥݷһԪŶԷһѾ֪һɽصĶˣȻĿǰΪֹûκηӦⲢһ뷨ûСȥ˽һ¶Է뷨˳һϵҩ
һ˵֮ȪıԺʲôҲûУֻһʾ֪ˡ
֮Ȫʲô⣬֪ʵҲͶԷһ棬˽Է뷨ڻʱһ֪˿̼Ӧ֮ȪԷΪУȻĻûҪһʱˣȵٿɡ
ڶ糿ʮʱƴ˵绰ԼһһϷԷȻȥϵɳԡ
һ֪ԷһƬ⣬֪һ˳ԱȫҲŽһԷȻĻȻûоܾĵ
ʮһңһʻűɣɣϷʻȥȻոµģһǸϲɣɣƲ̸ܲ˵ĺе̫ˣ˽ж
Ϸ˼壬̩ϱߣ̩ҶƵ̩ϵεľƵ֮һ˿졣ĻȽţǸ߹ٸƼ֮أڽڼյʱƽʱࡣ̩ҶģЩ̫ʱٳϵ˸Ը⵽Ϸ˶Ŀ
һͣԺ󣬾ͼһݵ˿첽ǰʮͷϴŸߵƤЬ俴ʲôӣûǧӦ²װӦòǷһе㲻֪ôкˡ
ݵӰһŹ˵гãӭϷ鳤Ҫģ˴绰ˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵð˵ͷӼ򵥵һ仰ͰѸýĶˣ֮Ĺϵһ˵˺ûΪֹһ⽻ֻƴͶѡ
ôһ˵һѰѶԷݲµð˾Ųʮˣǿʵллֻǲ֪ǣ
гãҽºˣгָ̡Ӳػشȥݷ쵼֪̩ܶҪȥһֱϵ죬쵼Ҫ֣
һ⻰ԺЦ˵ԭܣһѽ֮ǰղ˵ϷʱҾʹ֣ǺǣǱǸѽ䲻󣬼ȴǰˡ
⻰٣ȷʵ˵ϷûᵽºһӡҲûˣһ˵϶ˣαأ
º⻰ԺǼɫæһһƣ˵г룬룡
˴ԺһλĺܺãŸ߿۵ŮǴ¥İ䡣յſڣȫվһơ¡⣬ŮһȻи鳤ѩޱ⵹е֮⡣
ǰһһ˵˵쵼ЩΪĿ͵ˣѽ
һЦ˵ɲҵѽ㿴ʮһ룬ǰ˵ʱ׼ʱģô磬ҾͲ֪ʲôԭˣǲˣǲˣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬶Ц
ԺºΪһһѩޱߵŮӣϷز졣һ̧ͷԴۣתͷоڿʱѩޱɨۣ֮С
ٷºȻǾ׼ģϷɵģεģӦоУһĳౣһѯԺ󣬲֪Ǽģŷĵ˿ӡ
ӸղºͿԿ֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬Ȼ˵ĻһҲûбҪʲôˣ˵ӿԲƵһҪġͨݵĽºӡͦģƵ۹⣬ԾûװƵıҪˡ
˵ֻһƿƵģźžղסˣƿܿͼˡ˻Ҫû⣬˶¶ˡ±׼Ϊһһ㣬ûͬ⣬ҲֻԼԼˡ
º÷Աƿʱѩޱһ˵쵼һԵʱҺ컹ǱأȥϹӰǵʰˡ
һѩޱһ˵º˵ܣ鳤˵úеҳôǹûָúùһأҿƻǹһٺȰɣԺӳأ
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ºûʴҳʲôʳɴϷɫһĸȡ衣ҲԿ侫֮⻰һҲ٣һˣܰϷزģûˢӿ϶ǲеġ


ڰ˰ٰʮһ ɽ滮
극ϢԺưк׼ˡ
Ϊ˱̫ֻ̨ȥһ̨һıɣɣһ̨ºıԽҰ̨ҲԿºĵͷûǧۣ˭ȥĳȻװӵĳ⡣
һԷԺﰵ룬еСλϰˡôأһﻮһʺš
ϵϷϣ̩Ϲ·һֱǰԼʮ๫ӡ֪һ˲پƣԳٲ죬ԽҰϷز쿪ġŮ˿ٶһ㶼ȽҲ⡣
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Ƽ״æǰһЦ˵վ˵ˣǻȽȥɣһվܹעȿɲһĸߡ
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һһͷһĶȻ͸ȥһע⵽ǽⴱС¥ǹ¥ڶģӦòһܽġ
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һǱģ˵ʱ̲סˣǺЦ
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ѩޱһƤЦЦȻЦ˵λ쵼ʲôȻԺİɣǿɶ׼ˡ


ڰ˰ٰʮ 
һѩޱ˵鳤׼ǳѽеȲѽװСǰһվǾŵùԹצˡ
ѩޱһĻߺ죬촽һгһ˵ҿе޵ˣڱһѱʦѽ
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˱ǰʮԺ･ƽС·߳ܲһľ⣬һЩͰľ͸Ͷ棬ǻСĹߣһСͼ
Զһ⣬̩ݵ²ûκʲôõĵأһﰵһ룬¾࣬Żӵȥ


ڰ˰ٰʮ ܵ
ǰһԺͻȻ죬һ񣬾ôˡѩޱվסŲһ˵гǱǹˣȴʲôûз֣Ҫˡ
һЦ˵ɲһû˵һˡǸǹ֣رãӮǵĻŶûС
ѩޱһҲһ˵ģŻ˵СƣǿɶָˣгϵǹԺԲƣҪӮⳡķҪѽ쵼˵Ӧûʲôɣ
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ѩޱ⻰ԺһЦ漴˵СⷽרңˮƽǲҪóˡ
һ⻰Ժûм׷ȥѩޱܻǹղŵŵһֻΪ˶࣬е²ᣬȻȥƽˡ
ǰԺ󣬻ͻȻվסӣһ˼Ժæͣ˽Ų˷ֽܶŵ˳ǰȥ
һ΢΢ϸ֮ʱͻȻоҼѹһûͻȻߴһѯʣĶôûпָҿ
һ⻰Ժ󣬴󺹲ѣһʵˣ˵ѣʱҪʵʵ˵ĻϻеҲסָָ̧ǰ˵ǡ
˵һԺæֵʳָߣһĶ⶯ӦΪʣִֻ˿̲㶯˼Ұزѹ֮٣ҪĻǿɾǿΪ֮ˡһѩޱΪռˣǿɾѿˡ
ѩޱһĶԺҲˣһ˫ˮĴ۾Էָλÿȥɳǰ˲ߴһԹľ⣬ʲôҲûСʱѩޱﲻѵҲͻʵ۵װһֻۣд˲ܿơ
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һĻԺǰȥҲǹ˹ȥһѩޱǸߵǰѾһִַֻҰãӣء
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ʱһͻȻСȵ£𶯣
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ڰ˰ٰʮ ܴ
⻰Ժﰵ룬Ķֻ֣һģĶָ㣿Ȼ֪Է˵Ǵ飬ҲһڴӦ¹һĻɾеòʧˡ
ΪʶأԻֻ֧֧˵ϰ壬ʵܼ򵥵ģֻҪ
˵ʱͻȻһŮ򵥣һߣȻֱӿ۶ˣѧѵʱ򣬽̹ٺ񽲹ɣ
⻰Ժ󣬿񺹲ѣ룬ⶫֻ֪ʶģʵɱ⸴ӶˣҪ˵ôףǲ˭ܰٷУҲûбҪôȥˡ
һҲѩޱ⻰׵ˣҲ˵Է˵ûе̿϶ôдţȻﵱǰһҲĺͶԷƽϣŸղŻǹ˨Ȼǿѩޱ˵һߣ׼ֻ޷Ұ
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һԺһǹʵеٲˣҪټȥе㵣ǹ᲻ֱ֣Ľš
ѩޱһ߼״һеڸղŵǾһˣһĶͱҲʶǻ˵ףҪ̸ס뵽ҪȥĻǹٲٵ˵أ̸ˣǿֵԼɵˡ
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һԺ󣬻ѹڶԷĶ˵ϰ壬û£ǹɢģֻҪ׼һžˣûҪǿһߣ㿴Ųͳˣûϵʮа˾У
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һ˺һᣬŴӴҰ˷˳ߣѩޱԶһʯϣ¶ˡ
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ѩޱҲһֱŪһԱµ̬ȣĿǰΨһܽϵˣڶԷôʣҲøһᣬȻ˷ѡ


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ǰ죬ɩ˵ˣһֱһгʾлģһȥˣϣ쵼Ҫ֣ѩޱһ˵
һ֪Է˵дǣʱ칫һ㱨ģֱίֵͷͷ⣬صһ֡ɽصǿƱһĹϵ˭ҲϣгĻɾͱˡ
ˣѩޱȥ˵仰ĻŲҲģղǻֻǱϻˡζλŮ鳤ʮεģҲ֮Уʱ仹̣˼ƾʲôޱأ
һʶҪȡöԷΣóһ̬Ǽǲܵ顣ȻҪӹ־֣ͱȸеǷۣĿǰѩޱʵѡ
͹÷ĸŮƽϴιȥҿг׵ĽڣҪٹȥĻܾͻ˵ľˣʲôϢûأȴݾߣҲȥ顣
һѩޱһۣװ˵Ȼ˾е죬ܹ黹ϵģһһ顣
Ŷѩޱһؿһ⿪ףʶԷп˵ʲôʵڵĶˣǳӭģԱֵúϡ
һûȶԷѯʣֱӿ˵ӦûǵҸչϣ͵ɽׯȥɣ
ѩޱ˵ͷﰵ룬ôأò˵ֻ쵽˲ĵط˵ֻ֮ٶѣʱ֮ڣҪǵĻ̸ס
һ˶ԷıԺ󣬽˵ؼԺת˳ͷҵʱȴһ˼米һƤҴҵ뿪ˣСǶһĦгӦ漴Ǳһ뿪ˡ
ѩޱԺеסˣ˵ʵ⻹е֮⣬Ȼᷢ顣ͻȻѩޱԺһ漴һ˵صԺ󣬷ϵˣڶң֮ǰǲǶ飿
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ѩޱǷβ˿ǿɫʯ棬һź֮СͻȻһѩޱҲʯһεĶǰƶ
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ѩޱţţСԣ˵ϲԵġһɵҡҡͷŮ˿ȥֵģòƵôԼ


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һ⻰ԺϵıһȻ顣һûпѯʣ֪ԷȻ˵ˣͲˡ
ѩޱͷһڳ֭Ժ󣬵һ˵죬׼ȥʡμӻģĳϸ֮ʣͻȻӵһ绰绰ͷ˸߱磬ܰҪڶʮ֮ڣϵϵĳƵĻҲŮˡ
һʱ˴סˣ벻Ȼû顣˺һᣬѩޱһһ˵˼˵г֮ڸϸٹ·ʱ򣬾ͻȻתͷΪŮܰ˰ˣߴ绰ͷġ


ڰ˰پʮ ϳ
ѩޱһ˵÷ǳأȻҲŶԷص˵ͷҲô˼ղ˵ģͨϰն֪߹·治ܵͷұΪ̩еĳг֪ܲʶ֪ΪΪ֮ǡǡ˵˵ʱзǳ鷢ʹòôȥ
һ˵ͷɷϵ˵ѩޱķȷʵһԺͻȻʵô֪ģ֪ʱгĳˣ˾˺ûл
ѩޱ󣬵˵ͷȫһ˴޿ĵвģĻЩϸڲ˽ôŶԷһһ˵ʱԷұ绰ʱܰԱߣΪ֤ȷʵܰͱ˵仰
һղžüȻ־˾ˣѩޱǾͲ֪Щ飬ѹܰһˡһʮ塢ŮӣȻǵú»׵йأһӶǵġ
ʶԺһæʵܰôأ
ѩޱӣ˵绰Ժ󣬾Ͱһ棬һֱȵڶ糿ʱ򣬲Űķ˱ǰ棬Լܻؼȥġ
һԺüͷԷܹܰĿľǳŹ־ȥġ־ԺȻûбҪŹܰˣǱ˻
ƺܺһ£Է־ˣôܻŮŻˣⲻеì
һѩޱͳڱᣬȻ󿪿˵鳤ˡֱԣղ˵е㲻̫ϳӦҵ˼
ѩޱһ⻰ԺһҲŶԷЦЦȻ˵г㻰˼ͬҲ鲻ʵģҼûκζҲû˿ܶϣʵˡ
ŶҶˡһ˵߽ѩޱš
ղ˵ǻĿľΪ̽ԷͨԷıֿе쳣ʧˡԷϵıǳ̹Ȼûκһ˿Ĳ
һﰵ˵Ȼȴʵʵڵķˡ벻͸еԭίֻҪԷûѣûҪˣ벻׵飬룬ûҪһʱ
һžһе̵˻³һԺ󣬿˵ܰô£Ȼ˵Էְִ绰飬ӦûṩһЩɣ
ܰʱŴˣصԺǣ쵽ѧУҵԺ˵ְֳˣǹȥѩޱ˵СǾ죬ûɣֱӸˡ
ѩޱ˵Ժͣ٣˵ϳԺͱ۾ֱ绰ʱŻһ۰˵òֻǵһָ׳һװϣϵλһƵʲôǲˣԿ϶ʨ֮ޣЫӡ֮ڵĶצ֡
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣һʮС£ܼסԷǺܲסһȻϴɽض־ϼҼܰʱСʹ֣ɴȥЩĻǼٵġʱò죬ڿԭء
һ̣߳߰ѩޱղ˵Щһ飬˺һᣬʣµİ֧̻ҸѹŶԷ˵鳤ôг𳵻û⣿
ѩޱ벻һʵôֱӣ˼˵г⣬޷ش㣬ҶڣҺ˵ҪεģͬʱҲҪ֤ݵģûҵ㹻֤֮ǰǲ½۵ġ
һ˶ԷĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵Ҳһʣ鳤Ҫ棬ȷʵһҪ֤ݣϹɡ
˵Ժֻһ˵鳤Ǹײ˹гĻɽزɳϹ˾ģǰɣ
ԷͷԺһ˵гյ⳥˱չ˾⸶ǲ⣬ɳ˾⳥Сɣ
ţѩޱһѾ֪ˣȻûвҴŵıҪˣȫȷϣһ֮ǰ飬˴Ĺ򲻻Щϸ֪ô
˶Էһۣѩޱ˵»øлɽصί⿵ʱɽس֮ȪҪǴǲɳ˾ûóʮ˵߲⻰һҲ١
һԺһ⳥棬ѩޱ͹÷ҲǾ˲ůѩޱȻĸ鳤ǲɳ˾ȴûʡ˶óѩޱܳΪ鳤ɺ͹־չ˲޹ϵĺ̨ˣ˼Ҹˡ
Һʶˣ⿵ǰҲйӴͦµһˡһѩޱ˵гĳԺ󣬿˳˲ѽ
ѩޱһĻԺһ£˵ʵЩ飬ҸҲûгʲôֻǴһ绰ѣЩ绰ͲЧȫһ
ѩޱһڳ֭˵ǿ϶˵绰ģΪʱҾİ칫š˵Ǿû绰Ҳ˵Ϊûۼֻɹˡ


ڰ˰پʮһ ȥ
һ벻ʱѩޱɵ̸飬ѾϰǰԼʵˡ־飬Ĵȷʵܴ󡣶Է̩еΨһɽɽͻȻһŮթĹٳҪȥ治һ׵顣
뵽ԺһеԷ֮ǰǰǸϻ̳Ͽֵıˣȥ¹΢һᣬҪ뷽跨ؽͰ죬ĹؼӦء˵£òͷͨѩޱ飬һ仰˸Ϊ̵ᡣ
һʵҲʵòˣʰ뿪͵һ⣬ѩޱʵ˾ôģ
ûôѽⱾһͨĳ˾ѾΪ⳥Ȼûʲôˡѩޱ˵
һ˶Էһۣ׷ʵҵ˼ûмڲɳ˾ϰ࣬Ѿȥ˱𴦣
ѩޱһһʣʶԷĿģһ˵ҵˣԺͷһƬң¸ˣҵʱ֤֪л룬ˣǶģҼǲˡҪ죬ȥһ£Ӧòѡ
һһ˵ͲҪٲˣ˼ҸˣøҲˣʱתͷȥ飬е˵ȥ£ǽɣӦܳΪһͻƿڡ
һܿܵĶȻʱ̩ггĹ־Ů־ƫƫֳˣͲòĳЩˡ£ֵⷽĻԼͬꡣ
ȻϾֻǰһͨĳģ˲̫ľ˵⾿ǲһͨĳһҲûףЩֻеȵ˲֪𰸡
ѩޱⷬһҪФЩ飬ûа취ȥ֮ǰ绰¬˵ʱ򣬶ԷҲʾᾡףϰԺ󣬵ô绰ȥʡ
֮ǰܾøյ̩Щ鲻ܼڿҲ̫ˣЩȴĻȹȺȥ죬ǿɾˡˡ
ٷ˳һСʱʱѾ׺ˣ·ƣߵӰ첻һȻûѩޱͣϴּĻ˵Ʋгݲ̸һ˺һŮ˳Է˻öԷ򵥣ɲ
ѩޱڳŵʱȴе㲻˼һ˵쵼˵͵ģô㵹˵ˣɣ´㣬ҵĲķΧ͸оǲ˵ǰɣ
һ⻰Ժﰵû֣Ƿ˲˵òƳ֮⣬һԶС£һϸĥķΧýȻúǲ
ԷȻˣҲܲش֧֧˵һǰɣ
ѩޱԶԷĻش𣬵û̫ߵҪ⻰ԺҲˡԺѩޱ˵쵼߰ɣ߻ȥ·ҲԶԴһ£һá
һȻѩޱ߻ȥرڹ־ûи֮ǰŶԷЦôһΪŮĻѽˣҼǵ˺˵´ҪȥģĪ˵˾ˣ
һ⻰Ժѩޱһյ̩еĵһ죬ԷɽׯԺ󣬶ԷҪͻؼңʱ˵һ䣬´Է벻ʱ˳⻹еѩޱѡ
Ҫ˵Էȥһν飬Դɷȥ׹һȥԺʵϾֻһסˡôˣҪǱĿָʲôԷأԷȻ˵ĻˣҪһڻؾĻҲȷеŲڡ
ѩޱһ˵ҵ쵼ȥͲ֪гģǲǳóʱ䣿
㻹û룬ô֪ҳ鲻ʱأһʵȶԷش˵߰ɣȥ
ѩޱԷⲻݱ粵ͷԹԵظڶԷ棬ɣɵλȥ˿̵еС¹ײһ㣬ɷ뿪ʱˣﻹûг˹ٹı־
־ڵʱ򣬵˽ڼգѩޱһȥˣһ棬޴ȥһ棬ѩޱ͹÷ܰĹϵǳáŮһߴߴģ˵Ŀ֡
Դӹ־뿪Ժ󣬹÷ŮϼңѩޱεӰֻˣ벻ʱһ˾ȻҪȥļ
ųڵҹĻѩޱҪǻ˵Ļһһڻؾˣ˵ʱȴʼվÿĿڡﰵ԰οһҵģȥҲȻģֻѣûʲôģ
ڳϵʱѩޱԥģɵһѳʻ¾СԺˡһûаѳϨѩޱЦ˵гղſ˵ҪҼģǲڿֱӴӳ¥ȥѽҵļҿ¥أмɰգ
һȻóԷ⻰м˼ղֻѩޱҪһ߻ԲŻôһ˵벻ԷȻˣʱ˵ĻľȥһεεŮ˶£һүʲôأѵ㻹ܳҲɣĻҵ֮ˣٺ٣
뵽Ժһ߰ѳϨ𣬱߶ںϵѩޱ˵Ҹղ˵Ժûпô֪ǲȥأܲ˼Ҳ£Ӳȥɣǿ˽լѽҿɳеô𡣡


ڰ˰پʮ һĨۺ
ѩޱ⻰ԺһЦ촽һ˵ʽ̩ггһͬ־룬гʱĻ뵽լССŮ˷һ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵֮ã
ԴӺɷĹϵֽԺѩޱǳעΧ֮䱣־롣ΪһٳŮˣһƯŮˣ֪ҪôȥĻ׸Լ¶ˣ䵱־ԺǲֹһεѹԼһҪСĽ͵Ĵ¡
ֻĳгǰΪʲô˳ı֣ԼҲɻ󣬲֪ʲô¡
ѩޱǰ棬¥ݵʱԸоĳ˵Ŀķ֮ϡȻûת󿴣ȴ԰ٷ֮ٵؿ϶Էȷʵôģ˵Ů˵ĵк飬ѩޱҲû⡣
һ֮ǰŲǳջԵĲλ¥ݵʱȴòҪȻһŲȿյΣա
ѩޱ˿¥ݣβͿ貿ƽʱĶҪࡣڽţп£̵ͦβһٰƿ
ֱѩޱͣסŲʶӦǵ˶ԷļˣæջĿ⣬ΧĻﻹڰ룬ò¥Ҳ߯һɣ⻹ûиоأôĿĵˡ
ѩޱ߰ԿףĴһԷһεĴﲻɵðһЦҲӡ֤ղŵĸоȷģҪȻԷҲһ顣˵ʵѩޱ˿ﻹͦģʱʳʻеЧģٽ
ѩޱҲ˵ͳԿֱӴ˼ţȻűãһһơ
һղżԷĿм֪ǺأѾˣæͷ첽ȥԷҲƵĶѩޱǿĲѣӲŲûЦ
ԺһŷѩޱҵȻǲСģһһٶƽңڵµ̩ҲǽΪѵˡҪи鳤ݣ㵽һķӣȻǲ̫ܵġ
£ʲô۷۵ģ޵ģεģΣһǰŮΪ·ʱһĸо
ôҲ벻ףѩޱôᵥ̨ϵģΧʲô·ҲûУһĨۺԵø˵ۡ
ѩޱһţûע⵽˿ڿ㣬͵ؿһɫе㲻Ȼ̧ͷ￴ȥѩޱһ󺰣æ첽߹ȥקѸߵȥˡ
һϵжʱϺģʲô˵顣ղϴ裬ڿϴԺ·ȫӽϴ»û·ϴãʱˣȥţţ׼ȻԺ
ղŽŵʱһˣΪ˱ʾ쵼أһȽһĻеջԷ˼ʶԺѩޱ֪˵ʲôˡȻͽģֻԽԽ⡣
˸ղŵһĻڽĽУеŲһһ裬һ֧̣վˣΪʵڲ֪ٺͶԷ˵ʲôˡ֪ʲôԭԺǸֳһĨۺ
ѩޱΪԱڴ·ԻǱȽϱصģһ㶼ѡһЩɫ·벻¾ȻǰԸСһŶԷ绨գɵðڣ洩ŵʲôأ
һ֪ôе㲻£Ϊһ湦ܶĳ˵ż뷨òҲʲô˵顣Ϊ˷ֹĺķģһѩޱһк㼱Ҵҵ¥ȥˡ
ѩޱһҴȥӰɵһЦλͷ˾ĳЩҲôǿġ
һ˳Ժ˱ɣɣ¾Сʻȥ˹·ԺһѳٻǱϵ̣ΪԼһ֧֪ڿʱ̲ȫе̲סˡ
֮ǰѩޱ˵ôڹ־飬еκĸоֱԷһ̼Ӳˡһ֧̳ԺһЩ߰Ķ˦Ժר־ؼ
ɽׯԺһĳھСŵʱֻжʮҵٶˡϵԺڿֻҪСŵʱ򣬶Ҫϸ۲һ²ظ档
صңϴԺһһ֧ɳϣѩޱ˵Щ֮ǰ뷨ȷģҪ־飬Ҫȡ˵Σֻܸԭίʲô
ͳ˵Ҫˣʲô̫ѵ飬ȻֽϵĿ٣ۼȴ˵ûѵġֻҪҵʱڵĽϸѯʣһܸʵġ
¼УһǳؼǸл˾Сĵ˶ѾˣḶ́ΪġһģԵúбҪˡ̩УǻϼңȥأһֻҪĻӦòʲô¡
Ƚϼ򵥣ܵҪࡣһڶѩޱ˵ŲɣԷûаȫ˵ֻҪ˵ڵģͲǼٵġ£ԷûбҪһƭκӰ죬ѩޱҲòκκô
Ŀǰѩޱ͹÷ӦûбģѴ޿˴쿸Ժ󣬶Էζεб˼֣ĻղųԷʱЩԷȫԲ˵ġ


ڰ˰پʮ ǻ
ҪѰܵһͷȻô򵥵飬ڳ˹ܰǸСŮ԰еӡ֮⣬һ֪Ȼȥ鵱ʱ־Ǹ绰룬һ֪飬ԷǲԵİѱģ鵱ȻҪģܱ̫ϣ
ܿǶԵ°͹־ǲǳгڲû̫ϵֻҪʵˣ˭ģʱҪԲ˶ߡΪµĹϵشԲƲѵʱ򣬶Էġ
ôܱƶԷͷһڻһͷûУ־Ķ־˭Ҳѩޱĵط
ҲֲöԷ־뿪ԺʣŮ˴һӣǲòСĽΧ˺¡ʹѡһˣҲޱȥŶԷģĻǽпٲľأԲòء
һо־Ԫ֮Ӧìܣ½ƾоǲġ֪ȥȥѩޱҲ˵ʲôģҪжöԷı֣飬ͻ˳ˡ˵ҪȥͶԷϵ÷ѩޱͻʱδ˵Ķˡ˵ǻģ˼Ѿóˣڸʾˡ
˼ǰһڵĵ֮ҪФӺֻھΪˣչھ͸¬绰ĳ嶯ʱѾ磬뻹գǵ˵
ڶһ磬һϰ֮ǰʹһ绰¬
¬ӵԷĵ绰ԺЦ˵Сһʹ绰׼û£ǲҪλֳ飿
һ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵¬壬ûа취ˣһĨڣ̩еˮɲǳѽֿȭģҪ򿪾棬ģ
ˣҲˣƶˣ̨ˣ˵ˮˮǳģֻԼȥˣһǾϻŵ㡣ﲻأҲ֯˵Ļ״Ӧڶ˵ȶѹһС¬ڵ绰ͷ˵
˵⻰Ժ󣬲һش˵ڰˣӦһͻᵽǸФϵһ£׼׼ȳһ꣬Σҹζࡣ¬˵
һ⻰ԺæһӶԷĻУһʱȷʵܹؼ¬ҲЩСʲôʧ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ׼ФȥͻȻƵһִӵ绰˻ſ˵
һĻ䣬ֻű㱻ƿˣί֮ŵѧġԺ󣬳һ˵гãǷпգȥһ£
һ龰ҪǱ˿һһίóгȥ̸룬Ҵǻ˿ڻʡʮĸؼев˵޽У϶Ҳ
һ֮֮ԶӣһΪıһ̩е״кܴϵ
Ԫ̩еɽ߾ۼŵߵһˣ֮ȻίǣĿǰνƵҪ뾡ѾŤתһһɷǳǿƵȻҪڳһ쳣ʿƳҪǹ˼ݵĻé®пܡ
һֱһΪ˴µԭ˾һߣҾһɣԪôӣȻʲôеļһţվͶԺѧ˵鷳ˣ͹ȥɣ
ѧ벻һʹ죬һûлع⻰Ժæ˵г룡˵⻰ͬʱѧİ΢䣬һơ
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ߵ֮Ű칫ſڵʱ򣬺ѧһǰƿţȻ˵ǣгˣ
һһŸտʱ򣬼֮Ѿվſ˹ﻹЦǺǵ˵һг죬ʧӭѽ
˶Է⻰ԺһæЦ˵һ£ҸҲ̹Ļ̩һĶֵϲˡ
һ⻰Ժ漴Ц
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һ⻰Ժ룬֣µҽйΪģ˵һ𣿾룬һǲɫ˵Ҹ﷽˽⣬ڻ׶ΣϴȥɽؿгӺŮʱ򣬻һܲĵ顣
Ŷô£˵֮˵
һ룬ô֪ܲأ˻ûص֪ˣ˵ڰ˺һ
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֮ŵĻԺһͰѷɽض־ϼҵϸ˵˳ֻƽزʵûмκθ˵ءˣ˵֮ȪıСӹǾȻͳһǹ׼ԴʱҲɵࡣ


ڰ˰پʮ ִ
֮ʱ򣬷߷ߵ˵Ҫһгһ˵һ޷̩оȻ飬ϵͳڲҪ˼ȥĻϰǿҪָǱġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷ֮˵⻰ʲôĿģ⻰ûκġ
֮ͳ̵һ֧һ״ͳΪԷϻ𡣵ĿǰΪֹԷĺ«ľʲôҩҲżܺΣն¶β͵ʱ
֮³һŨŨԺ󣬿һ˵ˣһгݺиФˣϲʶӵʡί֯ĺͬ־ѾʽˡʱֵʱҾ뵽һгʡ﹤֮ǰǴ˲ɣ
Ժһе׶ԷĿģΪФ顣ڵ֮ӦòµģȻŵĻָʽе²͸Ŀĺˡ
һҲżְѲ̻ҵ̻ҸȻſ˵ǣ滹ʶˣФҲʶ֮ĹϵϸеʱһҲ̩ˣСӾȻûдкͷҾʹ绰ȥ
֮Ŷһ󷽵سФͬѧϵǺܿĵģ˵ԷǴų̸ġҪһƶĻҲ÷ҪҪͶԷ̸ʲôġ֮ŵҪһİģһͬҲ벻֧Ԯ˫̩жҪʲôΪ
Ȼоһ̬Ȳ֮Ž˵Фֳԭгͬѧ֪ҾͲȥ෽ˣֱˡ
ȻԷг⣬ȻҲҪóһ̬֮ô˵ĿģΪһһ֪Фйϵԭ
һԴ˵ǲΪ⣬֮Ц˵ǣû£͵ĵһɲ˽⣬ҲӦõġФԺҪǰҴкҲ㱨Ͳڸ˱ˡ
ФںеʱƼڵ֮ǰһͺ¬˵ˣŵĻᣬѶԷļһᣬղŻ֮˵һԷΪίȷʵӦ˽⡣
֮żһʼҲɿ˵֮ǰ֪ˣ¾ڱƶģҲһĪչ룬ƺҲûбҪϾˣֻҪﵽĿļɣûҪȥһʲô⡣ԷҪԸڵĻǲ⣬ֻǲ֪ԪǸʲô뷨
Ժ֮žԭȵļȶȥ죬֮ǰô˵ľô˵Ŀһı˵
֮Ű̵̻ҸȻһ˵ͬ־һֱڹϵͳɣҪȥطе㲻̫ʣҿͰйְɡһг㿴ô
һЦ˵Ҽӡ˵Ժͣ٣Ȼ˵ǣФһ˽ģ滹ǲģ£ҲʮͷӣģǲһȥڵĹԡ
һѻ˵ֱ׵ԭ򣬾ǵĵ֮ŰФһţŪøԱһңĻɾе㵰ˡ
Ž֮Űй̸ģȻ˵ĻȰ˵ԷʲôһҲġ
ܰ쵽飬ԷֻҪܰ쵽ģʱ֮źһѡˡԷίݣ̩пǶһңҪЩǿ⣬ٲŻ
֮һĻ󣬻ǺܿĵģԷˣ⵱Ȼ֮õġ˭֪ûа׳ԵͣҪӦˣѵ㻹˼ܾ
֮豭һڣ˼һȻ󿪿˵һг˵ûȷʵҪൽһȥĥ£ܸõĳɳҸղſһ£ǹֺһ񸱾ֳλÿţҪФͬ־ȸ㿴ô
һ΢΢һ㶣벻Էһھǳ񸱣ֻ󷽣⻹е֮⡣ڹֵû˽⣬֮ǰ˵ԪͨԪѳŹ֣Ҳûֵ˼Ȼûκΰ̵ôðȻֵĻ״ݾߣ۲Ϊ
һûæŻش֮ŵ⣬ǻʵǣҶԹֵǺ˽⣬񸱾ֳ˹ؼλôأ
ʷˣҲǺ⵹Фͬ־һᣬѹ㵣Ӳܾɳ֮һ˵
һæ˵鷳ǷˣҴФǱʾл˵֮߳Ź˹л״
˿̣һȻһЦݣȴذ칫ԺҪƽйһʹ־ʲôеǣ֮ŸһǺġĿľΪФıһֳλã벻һλֱӳˡ
̩йǸʲôһФȥǽֵģλԽߣӵͻԽ󡣴Ƕ˵ȥܹڲ飬ФԺȥᡣ
֮һĻԺЦ˵£˵˲㣬֮ǰѾͳǴкˣҪпյĻȥǱǾܵذˡҪ飬ɲѽ
һ֮ŵĻԺ֪Էижȴûд硣ԷôŻݵ֪ԷῪʲôأ㾿ܲܽסΪĵġ


ڰ˰پʮ 
˵ίǳԶкСһһҲ֪֮ŻѺͶԷͳһˣȥֻǸԷһӡԶίҲģί׳֦Ȼ֮á
ԶίίίǵȻɵӣίǺͳгӲҪһȥֵγ񸱾ֳȻܿóλ׼Թֶˡ
ί˵Ȼһ¡˵һٿס֣ܱһȨƵĿҪǿˣܴзһ
ֳָȻҪίίᣬίίǱʾ֧֣ټһгͦԪ˾Ҳܵ˵ģ׼˺ĻίǺͳгѹ˵ǸܵһҲΪһֵĳ񸱾ֳòƻֵԪȥôıǮ
һ϶°˾ŲʮԺҲͲ¹֮˵лǵѣһҾȥǽӦڼ𣿡
أҸո绰֮ſ˵
ղѾ˵ΪФ򳵻ԶкˣȻҲûҪҴˡ
һ΢΢һЦȻ֮˵ǣҳէһֱ׼úû㱨һ˼룬벻Ǳˣᣬһһ£βʹǵĹ׿гЧ
һ⻰Ȼ˵úתڱ֮ݻˣ˼ܼ򵥣ĺôˣÿļˡȻ˵ֱӣĻɾֲ쵼ˮƽһ֪һ˵Էһе˼ġ
ֻ֮֮Ǻϵ֮ǰԷڹԴУ̩жˡȻĻ֮䱾ûʲôԣӲҪװཻһ㣬˫ۣҲûǸҪ
֮һĻԺ󣬻Ǻܿĵģһ˵ѹһг֮гƲʲôҲ˵ֱˬԸҾþûκ⡣
һæҡ˵ǣ˵ҿɵȥѽһ쵼棬úѧϰϵġ
һĻ漴Ц
ЦԺ֮µһ̸֧һϻԺװ˵геĴ˽
һ˶ԷĻԺһ֮ŰڴϣҲ⣬̩еֻ֧ҪˣˣҲܴӸϸԪԴ֮滹ǺһģҪȻҵô׼㡣
һ³һԺ󣬻شţһµ˽⣬׼ȥʵؿʲôָʾ
⻰һûк֮ŵ˼һȷʵڹעڵļҵ⾭ù˧Ϊĵ֮һϽڵҵȷʵǷǳעġİžȥ⼸Ҵҵһߣܲҵµ㣬г϶Ҳнˡ
һͬ־ѽʱҾ˵ˣǽģſʾտڻ㱨ģĻǿɾû취ˡ֮Ź
һ״æҡҡ֣˵ããջظղŵǸָʾǣʲô뽲
֮⻰Ժֵʳָһ£˼ѶԷԺҪٷˡ֮ŰɳǰŲŲװ˵˾׼һұȽϴĴ֪𣿡
һ֪֪֮ʣҲͶԷװ˺ͿһɻŶԷȻ󿪿ڷʵ˵׹ŵǻ˹˾̸Ѿ̸Ҳ֪
֮Է⻰Ժ¶ڨɫƵ˵һгˣû̸أӦþһڼΪԷܹ˾Ҫ2004ԪǰҪʹã˵һʱ䣬ݴ˾㱨һһ־Ҫһҵʱ䣬ټԺʲôģʱ仹ǺܽȵģΪԷڽڰö
Ŷ˵һѽһŶԷĻ˵
֮һĻ󣬺ܿģ˵ʹ˵ʡһĻ䣬ֳǳ֣ص̬˵ѽ¶˵ǷҪ̸˵ĻĲ˵֮ڿΪǧһСѽ
һ󣬵˵ͷ֮˵ȷʵ飬ҪǴܰ׹£һͿΪ̩Ӯòٵļӷ֣οֵ˰ʲôģȷʵһǳֵùע顣һ㲻׵ǣ֮ź˵ЩʲôĿģԵ޹ʵᵽ˾ġ
֮ſҲһ˼ٶȦˣЦŶһ˵֮ǰǶµȲԴӴŵܾ赽㱨ԺҾ;뾡Ҫһרŵ쵼С飬һгѽ
һе֮ŵ˼ˣڶԷû֮ǰǲȥµġԷʻԺشǣͬʱڣһרŵ쵼СȷʵǺбҪ
֮һ⻰ԺﰵһСӿ⻰Ͳ˵ˣӲװûʲôʹʲô⻹һ취ҲûСҲᶨһģ½һȥӦûҪһˣе㲻أ
֮ſһ˵һг쵼С鳤㿴ôҿ֮ǰںеھ÷滹Ǻһصģֻн㣬Ҳܷ


ڰ˰پʮ Ӧ
֮ſھͰһЩ㣬ʤ֮ĽڸˣȻһʮа˾ŻӦΪ˷δȻ˱Ƚϳֵ׼ġ
һ˶ԷĻԺ֪ʱҪƴǵĻе㲻صˡղФ飬˼ҿǸ˺ܴӣԤڡ޹»Ķô顣
ֱһ̣Ȼ̵̻ҸȻ̧ͷ֮˵лǵΣܲãһҲûУղŵĹԺҾһԣ쵼ҰѰѹءʲôĲλģ뼰ʱָ
֮һĻĵЦЦȻ˵һгģ½Ϊֽ׶һص㹤ǹͬŬ׹еͶ̩С
һŵ˵ͷ⶯Ժ͵ʲôƵģ֮ʵǣгͨ𣿡
֮һĻԺһҲ⣬ֱ˵¹ϵشֱӰ쵽ʵĴֱ֣ϳίᶨɣгҲһ֧ġ
УֻҪҶϿɣȥȵνһ漴˵
һ⻰ȥ˵ú⣬ʵȴӡҶϿɣҾȥɣ仰˵ϿɵĻҾͲɡ˵ôôҶϿɣǿɾίǵˣ޹ء
֮Ȼһ˼Ц˵ǵʱۣŴҵľǺܸߵģҪûɵĻǽΪ̩ʷˡ˵һʱɫأһɫĸо
һ֪¿Էˣԣδһ¡ֻҪѴŵ⵵㶨ǾͽΪ̩Ժǳ۵һ˭Ҳ޷ıʵ
֮ŵİ칫ҳԺ󣬺ѧļҪ͵ݿڣһҲûпһ֮֮ǰйѧΪ̩еĵһǾԲһ˹ġ
һԺˡ10ȻԶأõڿһҲ١⣬ФԺĻ벻λίǵ֧֡ûʵȨֻҪⶥɴͷϣЩ飬ͱȻƲ
ԶҲԼĿǰĴԼһȥԺ̬ȷǳ飬ְһ裬Ȼڻ£Ⱥ˺һ
ܶһЩĿһȴòԷһ˵ЩȻȥӪȴ˴֮Ĺϵʹñͬİ·˱Ϥ
һͨлԺһᵽФ飬Ȼû͸¶ͬѧϵֻ˵һλϲҪ복ǰŰһ¡
Զ֮ǰѾӵ֮ŵкһԵţȻҲʲô˵һڴӦ
һ̸ˣͶԷֳлԺ󣬱վˡ˵ôһһҲģ֮ŻὫ䰲ź˵ġΪཻӦִŵˣǺФ飬ԷȻΪ㶨
칫Ժһʹһ绰ФߵԷһתһԺ󣬾ФʱѺص鴦һ£Ȼʽϰࡣ
һŵ绰˵ݶҪʲô仯ĻһἰʱϵȻӦĶԲߡ
УİţҪûʲô仯ĻҾһ⼸ʱ䣬úšӶ׽׽ФЦ˵
ܹ̩йֳ񸱾ֳһְﻹǺܿĵģεĻᣬʵʵڵǰһ̵һʵְ㵽̩Ժһֱԭ̤ҲˣΪݵĻҪΪ񸱾ֳĻǼֱͳ˵ɡ
һЦ˵Ϣˣˣ
֮ѧʱǺܺõѣپһηͬµĥ˴֮ҲһǳصġҪŹ־飬̩жٳһ辶Фõİ֡ۿФε㶨ˣȻǺܿĵġ
ʱһ°Ѵŵùúоһ֮ǰȻǺͶҴҵһ𿴣ҲûĴŵڼȻӦ֮Ҫν쵼С鳤ȻбҪԴһΪ̵˽⡣
һϸоԺһ̩д˾н׹ŵǻ˹˾ﵽ3.5ֵĻֻһƵġܴӺĸ˵̩жӦǵѡ˵Ϊʲôڻûö׹˾һԡ
һȳῪԺΪ쵼С鳤ԺҪȥʵ˽һڸɳ黹ǺĵġŵܾѾͶ֮ˣ֮Ҳһݺ佻ġһĻʹŵ˾Ͳڸˣµս
оϻ룬̩ɽƣһԴŲɣҲС
ͷ͵ʱһվߵǰʱǳȻûʲô磬ôߵ¥㣬վڴǰ˾쬵ġһ׼ص֧̣ڰ칫ϵֻͻȻ
һ첽߹ȥֻ澹Ȼϵĺ룬һ㶡̩Ժϡͨ˺üε绰ܶԷȥһ㶼ѡϻ糿ΪǶ֪ʣһ㲻ѡʱϰʱģòƻͷһء
һһʶΪǳʲô飬æ˽


ڰ˰پʮ ȥ
绰ͨԺֱʵιһɣǱ˵𣿡
˵ڰ칫أûˡһش
ģǰ˵ˣ̵ģˣֱڵ绰ˡ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ֪˵ʲô飬æڵ绰ͷʵô£ҵм˱Էˣ
ǵǣлǿǸ˵֪Ķ֪ϢӲһӣǸսСӲ֪ӷ磬ˣģǿۿʮѽһʮĲۣһջˡϺ޺޵
һȫϴ˿̵飬Ҳѹѡʱ绰һ԰ο䣬пյʱһ̩档ᵽǰȥϵɳԵ顣
ܸȤ˵³䶨ԺһϹ档
һһû˵ģ֪ϵԸҪǱ˿ļҲͰˡ˾Ȼñǵ͵ļ۸㶨˴£лǿҪǲóеԲԷ
ǰʱ䣬Ͼʹ绰˵˴Ǳ֧ŲȥˣѾųˣ׼˽֡ǻгɼһм˳̸¡
ϵҲ˹ʱ˴Ϊ˺ͻž̯Ҳ̵ͦģͶʽͻ޼ôĳӲ˭׽ֵģټǰʱֳһ飬˸֡
ϺһԺ󣬾ʮҵļ۸Խһ㣬ǲ׬һٶ򣬶Ҿʹ˾֣ӦһҶֻٽǵ⣬νһá
½еûǺ˳ģǰ绰һ˵²ˡ벻̶̵Ժ󣬷ͻ䣬֪лǿӷ磬ȻҲˣǳĺϽϾˡ
һҲĹǵ飬Ϻлǿǰͽԩǳ㶯ǲŽأ
˭֣ʱ֮ڣ˴Ҫ볬ţǼǲܵġ֮ǰǼӰܴϰնԻʧȥģټϽϱͲӪ֮ټ˼Ҳ棬һǧɡڿ˵ǻѷɲǻҾܽ⡣
һҶϵĵ绰Ժ󣬾ͲͨƵĺ룬öԷİ칫һ¡֮ĹϵǶ˵òŹĨǵģ绰ͨԺֻ˵һ仰Ұ칫һ£
绰ԺһվΪһ衣֮Ȼ¼ȴദûеڳ¡
ƵʱһѾɳˣ輸Ǳڵ֪һǶԷΪ
ղž칫ҵʱ¿ԺæվȻǲ֪ҪԷһվſӭӵġȴһճݺõȲ裬һȻбˡ
Ʊӣ߿˵˼ȥݼ쵼Сģ⵹ã쵼ȻԸݲ裬Ҫ˵ȥĻ֪ûѽ
һҲΪ⣬Ц˵һȥԲ֪ˣ
ҿ˰ɣĻ´ιǲ裬ǸˣŸĸͬһЦĿǡ
ˣϻˣ˵˵ֵĳ񸱾ֳô£ô컹һֱӿżɽʵ
˶ԷĻԺæЦ֮ɫһػش¶ңϴ㱨ʱ򣬰һˡ
˵Ժ󣬹ͣһһۣԷϵıûʲôŽ˵ĸֳԪҪϣܻǰĸֳΰ˵ԪΡԪĸ涼޷ȣһȥľ͵
˵Ժ룬ֲ˵Ϊ£ǵ쵼Գ˹ûɿڣ˵ӲҪܻ˵ʡȥ
һԺһ⣬æʵܻǸʲô
Ǻǣһ⻰е̧ˣĶʲôһС˶ѡ˵˵Ӿʱ֧ӣһһֵͽʱ򣬾Ȼŵ˿ӣ㱻ΰϡ벻ӴȴԱͨһ·ֳ̩ϵ˶֪ܻԪ߹ҪǸϳ񸱾ֳĻȷʵе˵ȥ
һԺ󣬲ɵüͷƸղ˵ĴҶܻۣȻˡʮа˾ӦǶ˲£һĻФͲʲôв
˼лԺƱˣĴܼңĳ̶ֳ˵һҪæµöࡣ
һΪϽģһ죬Էûٴ绰ҲʱȰ·һߡ
̩ίٿίӣҪ쵼ڼңһ⡣һμӵǰλͬ糿ίĹԱͰѻ̷˸ίС
һһۣ鹫ֳ񸱾ֳ۾ֳֵָǵȼְλѡ⣬дʹ쵼С⡣ǹѧϰԼʡļľ֯ʵĳʩҪȵ֮飬ȻҪȴûʲô𣬾ίԺزȥʵˡ
һݻץ˼ãе֮ô⡣һʼʱǾôڰҪ飬ǰ͸¶Ԫˡ˷ԺЩ飬ɾˡתһ룬ŻȻ


ڰ˰پʮ һֻϺ
֮ôĿľΪ˸Ԫһ˼ʱ䣬ȥȨףѡ֧ٲԡ
ΪʲôҪô˵أһФλ£֮Ű׼ǽĻλ⣬λ˴ӦԪǱߵġ
ФĻȻ֮Ҳλϰʱ򣬼пǼɵĽ⣬滹һƣԪԳδܽԷƽ˿Ⱦָ񸱾ֳλû޿ܣһĻӲǲͬĻǻ͵ӽˮˡ
˵дʹ쵼С⣬˭ҲĹؼʵ˭鳤˭鳤Ҳ³벻ɣ˶ȫã˭óϡ
̩У˭ʸһλãԪ鳤ɲֻһҪģһԪһģɳ˻ãһʧˣǿǰʯͷԼĽšͨԪĽԿһǳϧëˣðյġ
ڲͨʱֱӰ˦ԪһΪһȻȫˡĻ̩һ֮Ҫ˰ٵĽˡĿǰ֮ҪʤĿ΢΢Բ򲻵ѣ֮ǲѡԪ˧Եġ
⵱Ȼֻһķλдһ۲죬ˣһǾô֮ŵѧ˲ٶĵĹٳǽʽĽṹԽԽѣӺʡԺһͷǳעḻĹԱѧϰֻзŵ̬ѧ죬һ쳬Խǡ
κһԱ϶㣬֮һ֮ûˢӵĻͱ˼ˣĶֵ⡣
ʮңһ׼ʱԼİ칫ҳǰεĹ۲죬ʱȥλʮ¥ĳίΪǡְλӦĵλãڷǳűĻĹǧд
ڳҵʱ򣬴ʮҡʱ˹˻ûеʲôģѡʱȥǲһݵ˼Ļֻôﲻˬ˭Ը⿴ոһʮͷԼǰװǻƵģһڳʶΪٷǳֻҪһ㣺͵ˣߵ¡
һֻʱ䣬ʮ˷ֵʱԪ֮һǰһ˻ҡе㲻ԡ˵ǰ೤ȻһԪӦñȶԷӣǰѽ
էһԪأʱӦûʲô̫⣬֮׼ҲӦûӵʱ䣬ԳһĻǾͱȥˡڵԭҪ֮Ź΢һ㣬Ԫñˡ
λǴ˹治ǰȵСҲŹ뷨跨ҪΪԪ£һֻϺꡣ
һһվ͵λٴкע⵽֮ŵЦ棬ʹҵͷ⣬ͼСֹ䣬ȥһгģԪ˿ȴǳ࣬˭Ƿٿ鲻ƵģһԲǰš
Ԫ˿̵Ƶ˼㣬֪ʶһûϷʱࡣôҲ벻֮ǰһʱĴûмʱѹֵĳ񸱾ֳ鶨ھȻΪĹߡ
õԺ͸оԣ绰һ򣬾ôˡ벻Ф˵ιֵĳ񸱾ֳһĻ뵽ѵľءΪ£ֻǵ֮ŵĻһԥôȥɣĹؼǻһһ档
ФǴݺģһˣ֮Ȫһ˽⣬֪˾Ȼͬѧѧʱͺõôһӡʱˣһû£Էʲôģ붼ˡֻԻưˣơ
Ԫķ֮ʱϵĵ绰ͻȻץͲûʵιλ
壬ѽô˵ҪֱӸǾﰲһ񸱾ֳҪĻܻôأ˼ҸҿĹģϴΡ
ˣ˵ˣԪŻͲȵ˵ЩʲôãǸܻ˻ʲô˵İǶ̧ˡ
Ԫ˵Ժͣ٣һ˵ѽô˵ãҲһ֮ˣһҪעһЩõóֵˣЩʱ򣬾˵Ҳҵõѽ
ԪԸһԺԪ˵翪ίʱۣˡöදӣǳ񸱾ֳǾֳѽǧҪҵӣĲ㡣
壬İɣ֪ôˡԪ˵
Ҷϵ绰ԺԪ˳˼׾ٵ˵Ԫȴ˵Լʱ䣬֮źһһһرģˣ˼һĽˡȻھôģһԿ϶Ԫԣʲô¡
֮ͨȪĽԪΪһ˻һ˽⣬ӶԷںеıԲһôҲ벻ԷȻֱӻӹ֣⻹е㲻
۵̫ѨԪ˸ո·Ļ̣עдʹ쵼С档Ȼֳ֪񸱾ְֳλ޿أ滨ҲûбҪˡ


ڰ˰پʮ ίί
쵼С鵹е˼ѵ֮׼ˣѹʱû˵߶ԭʸ֦ˡΣ쵼С鳤ѡ䡣ջģҵţҲҪ治֪ү֧أ
뵽ԺԪɫһ£绰ֹܹҵƼĸгλŴ˹ȥöԷİ칫
λţ֮ǰڳ˵飬ȥؽѧϰ£ǰոջ֮ǰķֹܵĹȻԭˡ
֮ԺѧѱʼǱ͸ֱʷǰȻѲ豭ǰЩԺŵһ۵λ
ѧһϵжʱһעʼռϡֻ֮Ϻ꣬ҲԺĹҪ˶Էĵ
һȻ֮֮Ǻϵֹϵάֶãﶼûеס
ǽڹͬıĻϵģ޷ıˣͨͱ˵ĺıȡ棬Ǳֹ֮֮ʱٳϺַҪصޣֻǱ˴˼ȨЭ
֮ŵĿ˵ɨһȦԺ΢Ц˵Ļ̱Ƚ϶࣬Ϊ˲˷Ѵҵʱ䣬ǰóɽ鳤Ҫ۵鶼˳һ£Ȼһһ̸
֮ŵĻԺȫͷһоͷϵֽǵһθտһ㡣ʵ֮ǰ˰Ķ䶼оˣֻװӶѡ
֮ŵ̩ѾһʱˣһֱûʲôεĶȻ󣬵ΪӦһźţӴԺֽ̩һˡе㷲ԼֺܵеϹ۵׼ȾʣѸվӡ
Ԫʱܲղ֮ŽŵĶǶԷСȻأҲǶһѡ֮ȻбСӦԣĻ뱻
Ԫۻ鰲Ժ󣬱̧ͷڶһϿȥ˺һᣬԪйˣС̫װˣĿתؿͷϵֽһ㶯ҲûУҪ㶫ֱȵ컹ѡ
һԸԪӵԭǣĿǰ֮ĹϵԣûҪôӵ۾ġҪ֮ڸ㣬ֻ϶ԷѣûбҪԪս
ߡ˷Ժ֮һȻ豭裬ôǸˣ׼˵ˡȴҵעйԺ֮ſ˵ͬ־ǣǾͿʼʽˣǺʹѧϰʡļ
ίѦ⻰Ժæ׼õļа۵غʹѧϰ
ԪԲģļͬʱðĿһλźСͬ־ܲϣֱѦڣһϴļơ
ѦںʹѧϰļԺֲ֮˼ĹͬʱӦҪǿʱ䣬೤ļӶ˵òһ㡣
һһֱûдԪ˭עͼ˭ϡ֮ŽĲԣ׺ѣЩ׽ȴȻڼע̸顣İţ˵Ҳûʲôףһ̸ˣӰҲĴ㡣
е鶼˵ˣ֮ͳһ֧ϣȻźѧʹһɫĳίɢ̡һԷЦ֮Żе˼ͨ׼ˣѾô־ս׼ˣһ֧̣˵
һʱ䣬ίƣŮԹԱ龰ɵðüͷǶȺԳһӣҲʱġ
֮Ž֮˵ҪǺúһ£ȾǹڼίֵĸְжˣеĻû֮ǰͿˣȥˣͻӰ쵽ЩŵĹˡಿ˵˵֯
֮ŵˣǿ˵⼸λÿյʱȷʵе㳤ˣ֯ͿʼˣҪ쵼ͬ־ı±㱻棬Ҿ˵һ£֯ǵ⼸λϵѡ
˵Ժͣ٣ӱʼǱ·һֽ˵ֳ񸱾ֳФ۾ֳָѧֵǺ
Ļ䣬֮žͿ˵Фͬ־ҪΪܡͬ־Ǹոյģ֮ǰݵĺйιֵһ֣ǿҲᡣಿѯʱֵ֧ģɲữһֱҪģҲ䵽ʵˡ
ͣԺ֮ż˵ֵжӣ˵ڲҲвͬΪ˱Ӱ칤ǿФͬ־ȸҿô
⻰Ժﶼ㶼ѻ˵ˣôҪٳԷԵĻǿɾе˲ˡ
һ֪õڵʱˣһ˵λ쵼Ф֪һġںʱǸֳˣʲôģӦûл˵Ҵ˶̩йֳ񸱾ֳʾ֧֡
⻰һһɳίȫ׹ˣԭФĲ֮ŵˣλгһˡһǸҸղûгԷˣҪȻίǣλ½ĳгҲһˣǿһʧѽ
ԺһµֳǵԺѵίǺͳгĳĬҪȻ֮ûΪʲôһͷѽ


ھŰ ھڶ
Ԫ֮ǰʹ⣬۵飬ǱȽ⿴˶ԴͬģղɣôҲܰȻڴеĽûг֡ίһʱԪﰵ˵ͷ˭Ҳɵӡ
֮źһΪѶȵһ飬ô׾ٵˡ˵ĿڲһһظĸоѾ㶨һˣѹͷ˰ٷ֮ʮʣµһҲɡ
֮ɹ˲ϺȲʲôˣʤ׷΢Цɨ˻᳡һԺ󣬿˵Ҫ۵Ҳһ£еͷҵд˾йϵں׹һһ˹˾̸һҾͻ֣Ǳߵ飬ǲΪܡ
֮⻰ʵһ׻֮ǰûкԪͨڳίϽܴ˾ʱԪʮа˾Ų磬Ϳ˳һˣҲΪöԷ쵼С鳤һʡһֵĺôԿƳίĽͽ̣κһǶ޷ܵȨ
˭֪һĻ֮д۾֮СĻԪУһݻŸг׼ĹдŵϣҾΪܡ
֮Ԫ٩٩̸ʱԾѣе͹ĶˡԷ뵽ȥ׼˾ϣһǿ˻鰲ϵԺģôǿԿɲ˭еģСӦԡ
һԪԴŵ䣬Ҳ𶯣ڶԷݲǷֹܹҵͿƼĸгλ׼ԺеԪôĿˣλŵ쵼С鳤
ղФ飬ԪĬΪ֮ǰͿФ֪Ե岻˳ˮۣ˳Լһ顣쵼С鳤־ڱصãỨ˴
һԺһɵ´ԪŨܵͷһ˫۾˵΢΢Ƶݸۣһƽ˷ȡ
ͨ飬һʶǰλг˻ǺеˮƽģѾ֮ŽˣԺԷʱ򣬵öۡ
ԪĻˮ©ڴ˾ŵǻ˹˾ڽ3.5ַֻ棬ϸĲ
˵ʱһ䣬ҾĿǰ£һרָдʵ쵼СǺбҪġʲķչҲϼ쵼ǷǳصģеҪ̶ȣӦ㹻ӣ˵ǹϵ̩ܷȽλͷȴ£˶ҪضԴ
Ԫһ´Ժ󣬶еסˣǲѾ֮ŴɹʶˣҪȻԷ׳飬ôأ
֮ҲԷһеסˣһͶѯʵĿ⣬˼ʣǲǰͶԷͨˡ
һ״æҡҡͷķȻ󣬵̬ȷʵǳġô˵ܸ֮һֻ̤ӡĻҪ̩ɾˡȻѾԪʲôˣȴ֮˵Ҳ۵鳤ѡʱ֮һͻȻˣʱȻͲٻǰͶԷͨˡ
֮ſһıԺﻹǽŽɵģԷӦòôȥһŲֻĻȥɵĻҲ߯һ㣬Ժ⴬ôȥأ
֮ž˵Ԫ˵гĻûڿ쵼С齨ûԳһ㣬һԺϣСܾͶ뵽ȥг˵ǰɣ
֮Ŵ˿̻ûиԪղųһ԰ѻݡ˵Զʧ֮ŶԴŲɡ
Ԫ˿Ҳ˲֮Ŵʲô⣬ͲķԻأԷʻԺ˵೤Ľֻһ쵼С飬Ҳ˵ĹǴ˾ǱȥҸ˵Сھڶࡣ
֮ԪĻԺ󣬵˵ͷԷ˼·Ǻıϡ֮ǰСи˾ˣ黹ô˾ȥش¼쵼Сͬ˾һ
ԪһۣȻ󿪿˵г϶ǣͷ㿴Աôţ
֮ʵĿģһ棬̽һԪĵףԷʲô⣬һ棬Ҳһûջɳ²֡
ԷôϻеԪ֮⣬ҲûʱȥԷô˵ĸˣ˼Ժֱӿ˵೤ͬ־ǣҾСɣһ鳤һ鳤Ȼи찲һˣ۾ֺ;óίһ˲롣ǿвУ
ԪĽԺ󣬴ҶŻǱȽϺģ׷׵ͷʾͬеίѦڻ˵һⷽȻ󣬵ȴ㹻μӻλίˡ
֮ż龰üͷʶ壬漴˵ԱžͰгᵽȥ죬Ǿһ쵼С鳤͸鳤ѡλϵѡǳؼһҪء
֮ŵĻ䣬Ѧ˵Ҽӵ೤һҪأܳ쵼е飬СĿΪ˰ãҪĻʵ䷴ҵǶλͬ־ɱȸղҪ࣬ϵıҲܷḻ
һȫȷ֮ǰжˣλȻǰԪñ߹ĵģ΢գϷݡ


ھŰһ Ĭ
Ѧڵ⻰˵֮ŵĿϣŶԷĻ˵˵ûг鳤İţʲôǣ
ԪΪһжƿ֮ˣ˵ղŵıֱȽȻƵƵʱûҪôżˡһһۣЦ˵һг˵һ˵쵼С鳤ôǵġǾ÷м֣ݵĺǸɫѽڵ̩ɲܲҴѽ
һ벻ʱԷֱ׸ǶԷһ̽еש˼Ҫǿ׶Էļıܻ˵䣬һȻĵ
˼Ժ˵λ쵼ҵҶģ̩еʱж̣ͬ־ǵǺ˽⣬ϣͲˣ쵼ͬ־ѡҼ֧֡
⻰ȥû˵һȴ⡣ڵı̬֮˵쵼С鳤ʱȻ͡㡱ƴˡǰΪԼһ˽ȥʱֻԳˡ
ԪһĻԺǺܿĵģȻöԷ׳שȥ뷨Էֱӵı̬ҲûʲôġʶذѶԷе쵼ԼˣԼ˵ĽǱ磬β֪᲻أ
һ˵⻰Ժ󣬴ҰעеԪˡȻ˼Ѿ̬ˣɺ֣ܳȻ㷢ˡ
豭һڲˮ΢΢һЦ˵Ȼһг˵ҾһѡֹܹҵƼĸгλţҾΣ
֮Ժ󣬲ŷղһˣԪղһֶΪλ̵ġյ̩еʱʹ̽ˣĲܺƺλǶԷԷҲ֮С
Ԫ֮ǰѳ쵼С˵أΪҪѡλֹܹҵƼĸг鳤ǰѾɹʶˣһҪʵʵȥµ鳤ɲЩ쵼С鳤ֻҸûκˡ£Ƽһг쵼С鳤ȻҪµķ˵һ㣬Ļɱţ˼ˡ
ԪĻ䣬֮Ų˱ֱ̬ӿ˵鳤ѡǸ鳤أ
Է˵ԪΪ¾ôˣѿڶ鳤ί鳤ѩޱΣŮͬ־̸ЩʱʱһЩƵģ˵һѡί߸
ʱȥȻ֮ϣίһȷֵʱҲöԷͷԶʳǲõϰߣίǵӻҪչһ
һʱﰵ룬ѹ֮ǰ֮ҪĹ£ò˭޷ȡλšڿȺԶȷ棬һϺ֮Żһģʮڹٳµľ飬Ȼ֮ܵ
֮ŵԪ˵ԺɨȫһۣȻ󲻼˵Ҷ̸һ̸г׷ôԣ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
Ԫʱ׹ղŵҸое̫ˣ˼ҵ˼ѷ˵Ž۽׶Σİ廹ءʶԺæ̩ίǺκʹһɫ԰ǻ
̩̩ίڵأίίί
ԪѦڡκŻ֦ͬʲô飬˻ġͬˣҲԪ̩кǸߵĵڡίίһʮһˣƱһ£ѱ˷
ίΣĹʵеǼ쵼ƣնþίίȷ˭һ˾˵ġ
κŽյԪźԺȻ֪ô˵Ҹ˾гǷǳģȻ쵼С֮鳤ѡӦأҪ񻪲гͬ־Ρ
Ԫ˺κŵĻ˵ͷίǵģ˵֪Ӵۣⷬ⡣
˿ڣ˵ȷʵˣгԹ˧ί쵼СӣӶΪĿ¼ʵĻҸȫ޳顣
ڲȡսȺ֮Ԫ飬κŸͣɨβһǳɡһ룬ҪûгڵϣǲܴﵽĬ̶ȵģԷӪιѽҪ빥ƾ׾ٵ顣
̬Ժ󣬻᳡˶ʱĳĬһװ̧ͷ֮ŵλȥ
ʱһҲһ
ղźǺᲿȷʵпϣҽһʶ˽쵼СҪԺͽԡҾüȻĻûͬ־µķǲ΢һ㣬ϾǹϵȫܷȽλĴ¡
˵⻰֯࣬˵ЦԪһ㡣
һʱǿˣ֮֮ǰ쵼С鳤Ľ飬һλ֯˵
Ԫǰʱﻹͦĵģʱɫһһ˼漴Ǳ㸡ֳһ˿Цż˵Īಿ쵼С鳤Ȥ֮ѽ
⻰էһƺмƵĳɷ֣ϸһĻҲûʲô⡣λΪֹܹҵƼȵĸг˵ķֻһɳίˡԪ˼Ҽһ䣬Ҳûʲô̫⡣
һ֪һֱԪͼĹϵͱȽϽţҲ֮Ժ󣬼Ѹȥ£˵ԭ


ھŰ 
Ԫ⻰Ҳ⣬еĲ豭һţһЦݵ˵гôңǺмֳҵ֮⣬ԼжٽһǺġҪ˵֯ĹǣͷУ˵÷棬ֻи˺ˣǺǣ
⻰ȻбԼ˼γҲΪѸղԪĹƻΪΡһһ߿ýζ˵ɽۻĸоǲ֣ܿѧٶ
ˣԪ׼ڣ˭֪ѾǰˡѦڿ˵ಿ۵Ǵʹ쵼С飬ɺ֯ûʲôϵȻԸ⵱쵼С鳤ȴ־ûгķˣǾôأܸ˵ɣ
Ѧôһʹˮһ棬Ϊȫйñӵĸǣ֯һֱò״ĻᣬȻҪѶԷúһ
һЩĳί˱ı֣ﲻɵðңҿԼղûϹͣĻڱ˼ҵļпܾԼĻǶѼȥˡ
һ龰ȴЦѣ໹ǸûѦϹԼƵǽǣȻٷ𷴻öԷҲûлֵء֪ˣֱӣ豭һڲ衣
ԪѦڵ֮ʣЦǺǵ˵Ҿһгǵ쵼С鳤ΪʵѡղгҲ˵ˣһгǲɵģίίһĻԱίӳ̶ȡ
ڳ˳˼֪⣬Ժ󣬾Ǵһ˭벻ʱ򣬼ȻһǸղżҶԷѦڡһҪǳ쵼С鳤Ļȷʵղ˵ǻλŵķȷʵ˵㡣
ղۿѾѶԷƵǽˣô䡣Ѧ룬û취˱ſںߣô֪һԸ鳤أ뵽ԺǺһЦż˵ಿתÿѽ֪һгǲԸأһȵĻѽ
һѦڵĻλɽ¶ˮģһ͵Ϻꡣ⻰˼˵һܴӦ鳤¼֮ǰһйһһȵĻѽ֮⣬һгܲȥȵĻɣ
Ѧô˵ȷʵһ뵽ĿģʱѾмʶղżǹʾٿڵʱ࣬ҰһףͲһꡣ
֮ǰƻˣΣĲоϻ𣬼ƻ仯Ѧﰵ
һ׼ӼĻģϾ֮ǰ֮ˣڱѦһ˵е㲻̫ÿˣҲ鷳Խ˻ƽġ
ȻһͷԺתͿ˵ˡǺһЦȻ󿪿˵ҾѦ⻰еǰìѽղ˵¹ȫȽλĴ£鳤ĵλأֳȵˣǰ˴ķеⲻ鷳ѦǸҽһ¡
Ѧ⻰Ժúһ飬һģ˰죬û˵һ仰ȻǱòᡣ
Ԫʱе벻ףߵһƬãôתۼͷͻˣͷۣ˵ǺಿҪˣҾ»ÿһг̬ȣ˵ٶҲá
ò˵Ԫһ֮£һˣԼĵ̾ӪͰƵģѹס֮ŵ˼ȷʵǺмġݵĻԺץסĹؼ֮һ˼һ䣬˵컨׹˼ҲͬĻϹӵơ׷
һʶҪٲڵĻе̫صˣ֮ỳлԼɡ׼֮ʣί鳤߳ɽȴȣһ׼ˮģֻζԪѦڡ
߳ɽܺٺһЦ˵гҲһ죬һͬ־鳤û
Ԫסˣ׶Է«ʲôҩʱӲã˼ҿָشġһٶʮԸһ鳤Ҳ˵Ǹ߳ɽܹһӵȥء
ɫһ˵һгԸ鳤ҵȻ֮ãǳгҪȻͬ־أȻΪʡ
ԪʣԲѶԷһ䣬ҪиǰᣬǾ˵һͬС
߳ɽܶԶԷ⻰ǣתͷȥѦڣѦǣأ
Ѧڴ˿ˬأ˶ԷĻ˵ҺгֻͬҪ˵гҾͬ⡣
߳ɽ⻰Ժͬûǣֱһһȥѯˡ˵Ȼɵӣۼ߼ս˭ԸˮǷ׷ױʾֻ̩ͬίǿ⡣
˸߳ɽܵԺ˵֧г˵Ȿ˼Լ飬ûڣʲô̬
ǿ⻰һ˶ú⡣ǿΪĴȻҲίίһ㶼ֻ䵱ͣⲻҪ̬ʱҲѡȨȷ֧ĳһ˻ǵһΡ
߳ɽܸղǿҲΪֵԷֱܲȥҲе̫ˡ벻ԷȻ˵һһӻеסˣ֪λش


ھŰ أ
һǿĻԺҲɻͷһ飬͵뵽һʲô漴ͷԷȥе㲻ȷ뿴Էıӡ֤ԼжϡȻǿĻ˵úֱӣȴԪѦڵ˼࣬һҲе׼ǲ
ǿϹЦ̧ʱһʶĲȷġĻһǴӾǱ֪Լģյȥݷһ¶Է̩Ƶ˵ԷǾˣ͵طϵĹϵ󣬵ؼʱٿ֧һƱǷǳؼġ
Ժһǿ˵ͷԷҲس˵ͷСһЦһͷӴԺ˵ĺϵͿʼʽȷˡ
߳ɽܿǿһ֮üȥģеòƶԷղǻһʾأȻĻûʲôˡ֮ǰѾ֪֮ѾһɹʶˣȻǿһˣ֮ҲӦѡղӦˣ̫⡣
߳ɽʹԺ󣬵Ȼûǰ೤֮ţתͷŶԷЦʵǣʲôأͬͬһгдʹ쵼С鳤
֮⻰ԺͬҲЦ˵ҵȻûǸղг˵Ǹ⣬һͬ־Լͬѽܲڱȥ鳤ɣоϻǿŤĹϲ𣬴˵ǰɣ
Ѧ⻰Ժ˵ѽɽ鳤ǰжʱˣһгҪǲԸĻ鳤ҿˣӦûʲôɣ
˿ͷԵ˼άѾңҲ˲ϸղǻ֮˵ģղźͶԷԣȻ˳˼ҵĻ˵еѦڴ˿ȴȻδһöĹһ۵Ÿ߳ɽܣڴԷش
Ԫ˿ѾֲԾˣ߳ɽһصӣ֮Ȼ˵ҪһͬУ̸ֹ֮͸¶Ϣȷʵȴʤȯյļơﲻһ࣬ѵһĺ֮֮к
ʶʱԪɫˣڽѵѦڵ˵ǣ԰꣬һгô˵
֮ԲѦ˵ȥΪﻹһͷǾһûк֮ź˿̴Ҷƣǲ뵣鳤ҲòĻǲưͳԻпأ
Ԫ˵⻰ʱ򣬻һǱȥϣܺͶԷһźǣԷ˿ͷñڱʼǱдʲôûӦģһԷıһԪûˣֻȼĴ𰸡ȻѾʶһԼĴ𰸣һ̣˭ֻʧأ
һ֮ñڱдţһΪ˱Ԫ˵һµ˼֣ҲͲҪ̬¾ȷ֮ǰķѾˣ˿̸߳ɽ˸ߵӦղǾ仰ﰵ˼ĻǵȻûʲôˡ
ڴҰעеһϵʱ򣬸߳ɽٴοˣһ˵²ҪһгˣҿԴشңѾͬ쵼С鳤ˡ
⻰һҶסˣٴϿȥġ˿Եν˭鳤ǶûʲôϵֻǿۣԪ˿еסˣѦڣָܷ߳ɽһأԷȻ˵һͬˣⲻǳ
ѦŭŸ߳ɽܣ˵ɽ鳤ǲСѽȻܴһг´ӦĪ֮ǰѾ˽½ˣ˵Ҳ˽һ顣
Ԫ˿̲ûֹѦԷѣһӦ£Ȼûʲô˵߳ɽֻһί鳤ίƾʲôг½أǷôĿ
˶ûпڣǺѦڳͬ뷨˲᳡һʱ˳ĬҶĿ⼯˸߳ɽܵϡ
ĳ˴˿ȴһҲżڴڵغɰĲˮ񲻺ھͻһ㣬Ӹղŵڣȷʵ˵˲ٻʱ򲹳һˮ֣ƺҲ֮С
Ժ󣬸߳ɽܰɰһţǸֳһ˿΢Ц̵˵ѵˣղһгͱ̬ˣִ֧ѡ˵ûɣһг
ĻԺԪŷӦֲ˵ղһһ˵ģԭءίίϣȻϷơƲѣʱҲԲ⣬ȷһղ˵Ļܲ۾˵Ϲɣ
һ˸߳ɽܵĻԺ󣬹εɫ˵鳤ļã⻰ȷʵ˵ȻղŴҶΪұȽʺϵ쵼С鳤Ҳƴˣֻڸ鳤ѡ棬еҪҲϣλ쵼ܸĳһӡ
һ˵ڳ˶֮ϵԲ˵ǺһǺϵԪǱߵҲᷴԣһֻһʱʧ߳ɽץס鳤ҲǲѶΪ֮ȻҲΪºͶԷ˺Ļ˽֮ǱߵˡǲŲʹ߿أ
ӽ鿪ʼߵǽˣҪǰѺദȻǲˡ£һʵԷǱƣǿӽˮˡ
һֱǽϿϷίǳԶͼίǿһҪʲô˱һּϻϿкмͬġĸоȻûԣһܣܲԵĻǲҪĺá


ھŰ 
һ˵⻰Ժ΢ͣôӣҶûʲôǽ˵鳤Ļôλ쵼ͬλͬ־θ鳤֯һʱˣڵطϵĹ̫ϤղŴ˵¹ϵشһҪһḻͬ־ҰѰѹأ˾ûгΪʵѡ
⻰Ժ֮źԪд۾֮Уϸһ˼Ժȴһζͷ
֮ев׼һô˵ĿģûףǹԪʾáλԪˣ֮һ֪ܲʱöԷ鳤ò˻Ķ
ԪһĻԺǳģ⵱ȻΪλ˸鳤ҲԴµзһһΪҪԭǾһ֮֮кҲֻһ飬ûγϵĺͬˡҲ˵лģ֮ŽܺһҲԺһȡ
һԪüͷչˣҲܿģԶԷĵвղ˵ǻĿġĿǰƶԣ֮źԪַԣõĽûо֮߱Ҽм䷴ʩչֽš
ѡ֮źȴԪ鳤һĻ˫ӦöʲôФ˹ֵλã˵һĻӦҲΪ
˵ФԺ󣬻᲻ԪΪгһϵʲôͻǾͲʱܹ˵ϵˡӳԶĽǶԪҪദĿԲ󣬱Ͼһݵ¶ҪֵĻҲڣõкͶԷаʵ
֮䲻֪һĺ«澿ʲôҩȻԷˣҲڷһԺֱӿ˵һгȻӦ鳤ҪӦ֧֣λͬ־δʹ쵼Сĸ鳤û
֮ɨȫһȦҶûбʾͬǿ˵УǾôˣиѩޱͬ־С棬˵ŵͬ־һгɣ
֮źǸɴֱ࣬ӰȨһ˵䳡滰Ժ󣬾ɢˡ
Ԫص칫ԺȻͦλҲһ鳤ְλȻҪģڵǰ£òܵõĽǺܲˡʶԺԪ治һƣҲ޿κΣץϵ̺Уóһ֧лžһ˻
һص칫ԺĵһǸίǿ绰ղڿʱ򣬶ԷѾȷʾͦԷлˡ
绰ͨԺ˲û˵ʲôʵԵݣŰһԺһԷԶٷ
ǿҲûƴǣһڴӦȻԷ£ǾûҪˣǿҲһһúһģ˵λ¬ҵĹϵܲһ㡣ĻԣǿǴŵҲҵĺ£ֻҪ¬ҵߣǰ;
ĹߴӦ֮һӦϴ¬ҵˣɴ˿ɼ¬ھӰǷǳ޴ġְǸ̫ңԶǿǲָˣȥʡһְٰģҲˡ
һ䲻֪ǿʲô⣬ٳϲԵ޹ʵ֧վӣԷھУҲô¡Էһֱô֧ʱΪ˵һ仰ҲδɣԣֻСһûҪ̫ϡ
ʱˣһ׼ʰ°࣬˭ֻ֪ȴͻȻһĵ绰⵹е֮⡣̩Ժһ绰ֻ򵥵˼䣬û̸ʲôԷ绰֪ʲô飬һæ˽
磬һϢ벻ڵ绰濪ĵʵ
ѽĺϢҵȻˡһЦŻش
һֱڻرǷУֻƣʵкγҲìءʱڴµʱ֪ôǶԻǴ
ָôöԷģȻҸ˼ҼˣʵǶԷƺһߵڵ˼һһеﻢµĸоһ뵽£ͷ綷
ҲҪ̩ˣǰҺͮһȥӦƸǶӦƸˣֻǷ룬г׼ϵģѧУ£ǾӦ죬ȹʱҪȥϰˣʱٺϵٵ˵
һ⻰Ժͷ˵һһӲ֪λش˺һԺһ䣬֪
ȻôһйϵϾͶԷ֮ûʲôʵԵĹϵȨʡƺ֮ͮйϵģôӦҪ֪һе˵ȥ
󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵Ͳͮأͮ׼ᱱϼǱȥģһٹĶԲ̩ġΪˣԾͻˣ
һ֪ԷеԲԣҲ˵ʲôŮӵ˵òõĻ˫Σǲ˵úá
УʲôʱǰҴ绰ҺΪǽӷϴһһ˵
ƻһʱ䣬߻вҪȥ֮ǰһ绰㣬игĸ̩Уҿ˭۸ңߣ˵
һҲԷ⻰ˣлԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
ֻ׼°ؼҵģ绰Ժһżˡһ֧̣ڻɳ£¡


ھŰ ǰվ
ڿǲҪ˵һ˵£Ͼڵƻͦӵģͮ飬Ҫڱ˵۾漫пܳΪǵһתһ룬һ־ûǸҪ
Ȼ֮Ĺϵܲһ㣬£Ҳе㲻֪οڣ˵뵽ģԷ벻ȻѾѡʱ˵֮Ļδе̫ˡ
һ֧̳ʱһѾ⣬Ƶ˽£ȻǶԷĺѣǲСֻǰŶԷһ㣬һͷԣ֪Էѿ״̬
˼Ƶ飬һ˿㺣Է벻һ·׷ǸжɣԷٴףǲǻоܾԷ
һ磬һһʴӵĸоѹֹ˵ϣң̫ˡ˺һԺ󣬻ǺͷһԲȥˣվʰöȻֱȥ
ߵſڣͻȻѩޱӵһԺӿ˽Ų߸ЬڵذשϷƵ죬ʹ˵ͷ̲סҪǰ׽һͷ
ԷӦǳģһſվסӣûǰߡԴϴκͶԷ̸һԺѾжʱûˣ֪ʱʲô飬һмֺ档
ѩޱһġԶʱվסӣ΢Цؿһ˵г׼°ˣе뷨㱨һ£֪Ƿ񷽱㣿
һ룬㻰˵ˣܲ˵ɣصͬʱ˵鳤йҪ㱨ǵȻˣһȥҲûʲô飬
ѩޱϵЦˣС˵һ䣬ллг
ڻԺ¶һȲ˽ѩޱЦ˵£Ժг㱨ͲҪæˣҪҪȲĻһԼġ
һ²豭󣬱ת뿪ˡ߱룬˵ã飬ôܲͰأĻ˿Ҫ˵Ҳˡ
һ֪ѩޱ˵ĿģΪ˸һֲԼ˵ĸоҲǱʾվӵ˼
˾ϴεĽԺѩޱʹ俿£⣬ҲõȴᣬֱܹܲӿڣгԺˣӦĻһһᱻס֪
һ豭ˣһڲ裬ںȲʱĿѩޱ飬ֻԷڸղܵñȽϿ죬ǰһ׳ľΪֹԷĶҴҵԺ󣬾ܺǲᣬȻȻջĿ⡣
ѩޱԷеĲ豭ˣæЦ˵гҶԾһϲͨҷŵôҪλϣ²ﲻʲôæΪĸʱָ̡
һ󣬺ǺһЦش¶˵ܼ򵥣Ҫһϴ´Ĺʲô׵ĵط򻪲г̣ⷽм֣Ҹ춼Ҫȥհݷһȥ
ѩޱ΢΢һ㶣æ˵ҵĹΪ쵼÷ʲôģҿѧ쵼ôҾôȥ
һﻹѩޱڽŴŵ飬ʾվӵ˼ƲֵҪ˲˵ͳŹ־飬ҲͲöԷܹ£װһε˵У֪ˣҺ۾֡óίͬ־ϵһ£Ǹһǿһͬ־ǿᣬһ¡
УһҾʹ绰ȥЩС£ֻܽȥ죬ǺǣѩޱЦ˵
ںһ֮ӴȽ϶࣬ټʾվӵģھͶ֮䶼Եú⡣
һͷԺѩޱּ˵г˵εĹֳ񸱾ֳͬѧ֪ǲѽ
ѩޱ˵⻰ʱ۾ʼһ˵ʳĻ֮ǰ˾͹־ĳĬôʵҲΪ
һȻԷʵĿģκҲûбҪѩޱͲ¡һֱڹ־ϣѩޱ÷ֻҪȡǵΣǲŻ¶гһҪ볹׸£û֧֣ǲܵġ
ѩޱ˵ϢͨѽФͬ־ҲͬѧǲѣԺǿԶཻ
һ⻰˵úתѩޱе˼˵ԺŶԷЦЦ
ѩޱЦ˵Ȼгѣǵȥݷһ£ȻԷúѧϰѧϰ
һ˶Է⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦûٶ˵ʲô
ڶһ磬۾ֺ;óίһָһ˵һİ칫ңֻóίһ㡣۾־ֳʱѾڻ㱨ˣСʱҡ
۾־ֳóίδһ칫ҳʱŶԷݺһۣ룬ľȻô磬Īû˯ˡ
óίμ۾ֳʱ򣬵һЦǺǵı飬˱ռˣٰܲһɣǿе̫صˡ
һֱȵ磬һûмֹܹҵƼĸгλŹǲˬǷʾԺѩޱܲȥԷǱߣڵĽҲˡг˼ﻹûʲôЩ˲ɫƣǲ֪쵼ġ
Ժһһ绰ѩޱ֪ͨλźۡóίλͬ־ڰ¥С鿪ᣬǿλʮҪκ˲ȱϯ


ھŰ ǲ
ѩޱһǺˬڵ绰˵г糿е㹤ȥһгİ칫ңæӣ˵ЩʲôûǺǣ
һûֻһҶ˵绰
ѩޱڶԷıֲΪ⣬֪һıֲǳģελ糿ȥԷ칫ҵʱ򣬸˵гʲôʲôģԷ绰һȥȻŻͲߴ
ѩޱ״֪ûǵıҪˣ˼ҰǲһӣȵȻͲ˴ˣǣҲȡ衣
һѩޱĻԺϵŭݸˣȻϣλŻȻֱӸѩޱɫɾͲز쵼ˣеζˡѩޱǴһȥģԷȻֱӲǣζʲôȻˡ
ȻǾͲҪҲˣһ޺޵
ϰԺһ칫ԺѴŵó濴λСɫȷʵҪԸĿǰŵ̸йص㣬Ϊ˼֥飬϶ˡ
һͷѧϰ֮ʣͻȻƵʶ̧ͷſ˵
һӣҪΪλŹˡô˵ԷҲһг֮ǰǰĿ˵ĻһȷʵӦúúʰһԷǳ͵عݷˣ㻹ͷø߸ߵģǿɾĲˡһɲ⻰ȥ˵ԺķӦǷǳѸٵġ
űƿˣһʮķˣЦ۾Сһ㣬гһ죬Ͳˡ
һԺæǰ߱߹˵гã˵гΪһ鴫ѽ
̩ܾ裬һȻǵһκͶԷ棬䵱ȻİϵЩλȻȥ󸹱ģҪǺܲġǴŵˣ˵ŵĻнĳɾͣĹͿ൱ġ
κǹ˾̸е飬ҲԿԷĴϵۼֲˣԮˣֱһ֮š̫ĹĹٳˣ֪ǼŹ˾˭ʹ󻹵˵㡣˷ʱ䣬ֱһλأ
ղŵǾ仰Уѿһ̵Ϻ꣬μ棬ûһзӦһñӾͷ˹ǧ򴩣ƨһô̫ܲѿģΪ׻˵ֲЦˡ
һ״վԻЦǺǵ˵ԭǻˣټѽ뿪ʱ仹ɣлܵô̬ȣĹҾûʲôõĵˣǺǣ
һĻ漴һϸܵĺ顣һֱûλĳгϣҪ֮һ绰ûʱڵһԱȴһֱҵʮͷĸڹڡЩƽģǹҸְԼ⣬ûʵϵġ
ʶҲһ鵽һֻ࣬öԷܱҵЩ̫ү̫ŮǸţһ㣬Ͼǳгǿʵʵڵ쵼ڽӵ֮ŵĵ绰Ժ󣬾Լ֮ܵ
һĻػԺ󣬻軹ǴһԷĻȻ˵úת˼ȷʵ˼ҶʱŹ¶ǲôءгȫǾôֵģΪصҵܣȻôʱһֱû¶棬ȷʵе˵ȥѹ˼뷨
һĻԺ󣬻ͷתɲǼ䣬ü˵ӿԺõľ֮ơ㸱гţ棬ѵܲίǵʣãôȥ˵Ļܻ鷳
һȨԺ˵гǲ˼˾æ̸е飬ҿͷһŽûܼʱ㱨¡
跢ڿ˼ΪԼĽͣ󷽷ذѴȻٳ̸е飬ԷӦò̫Ϊ
һ˶Է⻰Ժ󣬻治ٶ˵ʲô˼ûмʱҲΪ˹أ
һ֪ԷֻһдǣȻѾͶ֮ţȻ쵼׽ǹٳϵĴɡԷҪ֮˵£һǿԽⷢӣ˼ʲôҲ˵ֱӰѴö˵ʲô
һͻ̸ʮӣöԷȥҵˡȻܰѶԷΣҲɫĿ쵼ˣ㹤رǿһֳҲ˴ġ
ңһڰ칫̺Ȳ裬ƿŽԺ󣬼ԷһȻԵõӣסˡ׼ǰһ¶Էʱ䵽ˣתһ룬뷨
ٿʹ쵼СԱ飬°ʱϰġϰԺһ¶ԷţҲͲŹ˸Сʱʱ䣬˵;̩ŵܾ軹㱨ϰµġ
Ȼȴִڰ칫ﲻȻóӦ飬ȻͲòĵ飬Nذ칫ҼĵŰɡ
һȻ֪µ⣬ԷһԥԺѡĬĬ뿪Ǻܿĵġ˵һʱնѾӦɫˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵һ޴Ϊϰ壬龰ȻӦøˡһĻҲʡµġ


ھŰ ʲôô
һڰ칫յģɿڻˡ
һֱλŶһĻ飬ҲҴ⣬ʮֵʱ͵˻ҡȻһ㣬һһһĻɾͱˣѡһ
λԺ󣬻ȫվкսӹݹ̣۾ֵС֣Ͱѻˣ˱һ̣߳ߺ٩
ѩޱ;óίǸŮӣһ˵ĻСŮһߴߴģҲǳ֡
˿ȥڸæģҵ۾ʱʱſȥһгˣûпǾе̫˵ȥˣ˵һ㣬ǿǵ͵Ŀ쵼
λż˵ıԺ󣬸Ǵ˵ͨˣںһҿûϣ˵ûˣֻҪûʽʼҾнȨ
Ҳ֪˶ãλŶÿеˣﰵô£һôûѵʱ仹ûؼǵãǰӹģôôʱˣûأ
뵽һףλе㲻ˣָָϵֱʵܣˣôгûй
֮ǰͿˣλѯʣװģؿһȻ˵гһˣ
λ⻰Ժװڵδ̫һɣȥһˣ֮òҲûôļӰɣʱɫѩޱ˵Сȥһгҿɶأ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ룬Ҹղ֮ǰո´绰ģг£ڻûйһĵҲŲȥУ쵼˼˭ĥôҷûʲôĵط쵼Ҿţʲôżġ쵼һǳҪĹá
ԺѩޱЦ˵гǲ˼ҸղŹʱһСİѽŸˣһʱ߲·ԭ£Ҫǵȼ˵ĻԸг绰
ѩޱ⻰˵úתȻþλţԷΪгøӻҪġȻڳ˶֪۾˵Ϲ˭Ҳ˵ʲô˼˵ˣǾˣ㻹˵ǡ
ѩޱĻȻ˵úܺλԺڱԷݺݳһȻ뷢ֲ֪˵ʲôǸгôˣ㻹ܲ˼˽š
λ룬ӱһӣѩޱ
״æͳһ֧ص˹ȥȻλ˵г֧̣ԵƬ̣Ҹղʱ򣬿гڰ칫æţһӦù˰ɣ
˵⻰ĿΪ˸λţһأ𼱣Ҳеʲô鵢ˣҲһ͹ˡ
λŵȻǲˬ⻰Ǹһ̨ףóǽӹϡ۾ֵС֣״æžһΪԷϻеԺλڣ˻ͷǿڶƵġ
ղ˸̸۵ʱ򣬾ʱúܿ죬˭ҲˣĿͬһ㣬˶úܡֵһᣬһûйλ̲סˣͳֻһ绰ȥ
һ˿ڰ칫濴ŵϵţ߿ƷڵʾҲֻڵе绰
һղŻڵѩޱ᲻ʱһһȥ֪ԷĿԲˣҪ͹ˣܵȵڵġλҲǺеԵģ֪ûʲôϵӲ͵ġ
ȻѩޱĻǼпλŴ绰ġʣµ˿ɲĹԱλöԷ˼ҲŲǸڡһҲΪԷԹĻɺһĿ˵زˣԲĻĵ绰ӦþͻˡѾ˶Բߣ˵ȵ绰ˡ
λŰѵ绰ڶԺ˺üɾû˽룬ղŻ˵ղŻڰ칫ҵģ᲻ܳȥѽҪĻһкٿģӰҲûһѽ
ֻﴫλŸӲˣ뵽һǳص⣬Էĵ绰е²̨ĸоڳ˶֪ڸһ绰˼Ҹ񶼲绰ӣгĶأ
ʶʱѾˣ绰Ѿ˰ˣλ˵ǵ͵ﻢ¡ڴǵ绰ͷ˽һ˵ͷе飬ҪٵȻλŶκźǣľͷŮĵ绰æԺٲ
һֻڲˣվȥ֪ᵽʱҪٲȥĻԷпܷȥˡʱٹȥĻηϣ֮ǰһɾʧȥˡ
λֻֻϻģȻϵı飬ܸܵһ򳰷ͬĿ⡣ڵʲôףԼĿʱ㣬ⶼˣ˻Ӳźˣվ׼ȥ
λ룬´ȥҲĲԣ˭ôװƣһʹˣҺΣ뵽ʱϲɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ղŵ֮һɨա
һŵʱ򣬼λѾվˣ˵ͬ־æѽỹûʼ׼ˣʲôôѽ
λͷ˼ûע⵽һ⻰Ժ͵̧ͷһѾ˻ˣһűʼǱһŲ豭̬Ⱥǹ


ھŰ ׼
龰λȻǲܵˣԷָˣҲվ⣬һ׼ߵļơȻ˵ĻҲûҪٲҴˣλŰһᣬ˵ҼгûйΪȡˣԾ׼ˡ
λŸڵڶײһһý£ȫһĹȻһңʵеһ棬ԷģҲʮ꣬ԪµĺˣûôѶԷϡ
һղ˵ǻĿģǳλģԷҪ˵Ҳ͹ȥˡⱾҲʲô˵飬ôһҲͲˣ벻ԷȻצģһԽý绹Ҷˡ
۵ŶԷ˵Ὺǲʲôʱֵ˵ˣһΪҪ⻹Ҫ㱨
ڳ˶벻λгһȻ֪Ǻá
Ҫ˵΢еģӦþѩޱˣһһͳλſڣʶ˶ԷֱڲŹĿġȻ֪һôǳλģȻȥȰܡ
˼ѩޱûжǵȻҲȥˣλг˼ĴܼҶܣĸУȻȥ֣治֪ԼĽˣĶĶȥɡ
λһĻԺ󣬷ζҪըˣȥϾԷ˵Ķͷ˾ֱӺͶԷ̵ĻȻһǵѡ񣬵ƫƫһȰܵĶûУΡ̨ҲܵиӰɣѹû˵ӣҪǾϢĵĻԺĲҪ̩һĶֵϻˡ
Ȼ㲻ȥֻӲƴˣλŴԺ󣬿˵гҿɲҪһ㱨鷳ⶥñջȥĻᣬ⻹еˣλټѽ
λű˵߻عͷ˴к
λŵĻԺ󣬲֪ôӦãǲӦãϵıҲʼˣЦЦҲޣôǣһҶѩޱ⣬ﶼڰ룬ɴܣûҪЩѽǿûǶλѽ
һԷŵĨˣȻôŹˣĻɾʹﲻʰĿˡ˶ԷһۣȸղŻҪϼ֣ŶԷ˵гǲǿ԰ΪɲִίίľĻҾбҪٿһγίᣬδʹ쵼Сĸ鳤
λ⻰Ժ󣬵һ˵㡭
˿̣ŭ˼㣬޲̻һޣʵȴòͷڴ߳ȥһһ˵ôȥġʱпܳԲ˶ߡ
Ԫ˵棬֮źһкġҪһͱȥ֮һ˵ġ˵ܸԼһʲôģԩ
еĹؽԺλŴӱһһƨ
һԷϢˣ¶һ˿Ц漴ĵλȥֻһ˵СᣬûбҪôʽղһĻԺһȻٵġ
Ĺ̺ܼ򵥣ֻ̣ɴܾһº׹ŵǻ˹˾̸еȻ쵼С鳤һع
ᵽŵǹ˾Ǳ߽ڽһµĴҲΪʼսһ£ܲǱҲеżˣԲŻ˰šλȻ˻ûйгѾȷˣһվǻʡ̩С
ڴ˵һǳϢһڲùʱҲҪΧȥŵġ
һСʱĻԺλһǰšղԷòᣬȻһĻᣬһһ㳡ĶֱСҼ졣ҪôţĻղȫԲԷѽװǻƵʲô塣
ɢԺ󣬻û뿪Ǹһ˰¥˰칫Ժһһȥָ
һ֪ԷôȫΪղŶλǿƱӦҪ֪ڿ֮ǰǵİ칫ˣûᵽҪȥӲһ磬ȴеȲеԭһ֪
˻ĻԺһ˵У֪ˣ㲻˵׹ŵǼŵλʮѮŻҾ¸³ʱ򣬹ȥʱǰҵϵһ¡
һλŸһĿģһΪԷ۸ڶе̫ˣһ棬Ҳɱﺧ˼
ϴɽظ£ҪΪƿȥģȻţӰ󡣽쵱ڴλŵһ칦ͻ̩йٳߴˣʱ˭ٲгӣǿõˡ
ããлгڰæ֮гʱٴָһ˵
һİ칫߳ȥԺ󣬻ֻú쬵ģȥ֮ŵİ칫Ұݷһ£Ѿû˼ˡڶôң֮ǰȥһ˳гİ칫ҡҪȻе㵣ģһ᲻λϵֶõҪĻее
һ£λſǳгѽ˵û볣̩˵ҲͷˡһһҲûиֱִ̧Էһžģһ˵áλſʼͼ˭֪ԷڻֱͣǶá
λŸճţѩޱͽһ칫ҵšĿһղšһСġλŽԪİ칫ҡһǳҪ飬Ϊ鳤ȻҪʱ쵼㱨


ھŰ ˵ί
λŴ˿г칫ίòУԪ칫ϣŭ˵г㿴¸ôɣǼһΪ˭ѽֱ̫ĿˣˣҷĶ飬ⲻǵ͵֮λ޴𣿡
Ԫһŭݵλһʱ治֪˵ʲôã룬Դ˼ôǳģȻϹˣڵģиáҪǵʱƨɾߣλҪϳί᳷ĸ鳤ְ֮ҵܿΪ˵仰ôڣ
ţԪȴô˵һԲλӣһҪԷµĵɽڱίܵҡβˣҪٲǵĻָôأ
Ԫλ˵ѽ¼ã鳤ǱͦģҲûа취֮ǰ͸߹ˣ׼鳤ģ˭֪˲⣬Ҫʱٺֽ˵Ļǿɲ
Ԫѻ˵תһ㣬֪˿λͷϣҪ˵ʲôģδýȥֻдӴ˵ϣܶ
λ⻰Ժ̧ͷԪһۣ촽˶Ҫ˵ʲô뻹ûпڡһԺվ˵гæˣ
˵꣬Ԫʾվֱȥ
Ԫ״ɵüͷסλٺͨһ£תһ룬ʱܺͶԷ˵ʲôأҡҡͷˡ
λŴ˿Ʋѣг칫Ժһ·ͷҲûֱ̧¥Լİ칫ȥ˰칫Ժһƣֻصһľűعˡ
ǿڸô󶯾ﲻ˹ģ֪Ǹùȥãǲȥãеò⡣
ڹȥϰͷϣ⣬ǰȻģ磬ܶʱͲĽɫҪеģϰĶأϰ岻ˬ鰤ڹٳҲϰΪˡ
ǰĻǿһԥȥģΪ˼ҵ飬еģĹؼǰ⡣
ϴΣλȥΪݲ裬΢һˮڲ輸ϣԷ̻Ҹ׾˹ҪÿĻпܾͱˡǿˮ̻ҸףģҪҵϣ޷
Ȩ˺һԺ󣬷ǿʱȥǲ𣬶ȥ׼ȹСʱٹʱϰӦƽһˣᰤٲҪĻᱻ̻Ҹңȫһ
λߺԪе㲻ˣе׼һôĿģλţġϸԪһôĿԲ󡣶Էλŵ鳤Ӧʾãûת͸ɫ߼˵ͨ
˿Ļһλŵıһųôģ⶯ɲСѽ뵽ʾãԪеͷ۵ĸоһֽ׶£ˣʱҪλȥʲôģڳ˵ΡԪе㱻ǰסˣһӣе㲻֪֮С
λڰ칫ƵòУֻһӣȻһƨɳϣԲղſʱһôһ֣ǲ˼ٻص쵼Сȥˡ
ɳ˺һԺλͷûó˶ƨ쵼С鲻Ų⣬ʲôͷʵƽʲôأλű۾ڤ˼

ӣһ쳣æµФ̩йΣǰһϣһơФҶƵȵһú֮ܵǰѾˣҪǺȶˣֱӾҶƵ濪䷿ʡ鷳
ڶ죬ФεʱίǳԶͶԷȥġФ绰һʱǸֳԪˣҲ޿κΡ֮ǰһѾ̩йФ˽ܣҪ֣һ־ֳԪͬ־ıֻǸĵġ
Ф㶨Ժ֣Ŷëëбķһ̩УһԿȥӦӵǡ
̩Ժһûֱȥλϵɳĺдɽׯ֮ǰʱһʹˣ޶ʱ򣬾Ͱǰ⡣߲ãҲһϲģ˵Ĵš
дɽׯߣϵʱº¶һ棬ʱ䶼츺޵ġһ׼ѩޱģ뻹ˣҪ֣֪һŮ߻ƣָôأ
СëëʱѾһˣѾܲŴ˵ѧˣһǳģ֣һǰߣβסЦ⡣
֣Ϲģһһļ٣ȻʱǻӦġ
ϣһ֣ϡϣڽ̻ʹֵسһٷ
ϯ䣬һϸ˵˻˴飬СΪܿлǿôȥˣ͸˶Էе㵣ĶԷôĿģпǳǻģ϶ԷǲΪȻһһֻǾţûзȴºǹעϾлǿǣɲӡ
֣ͺϺþòüĲ˽ټ˻йͬҵŮġٻҲһŮˣ֪ǰλŮͷܴ󣬺Ǵˣпܶɷҵǳ


ھŰһʮ ϼһ
뷨ͺϡ֣˶ڱȽеεŮˣ˴˼̸ܿһȥˡٻ֪ŮľȻǺϺ֣ϿģĲѣӦ¹ȦŮѾһ֪ˣٻһӽʵλϰ嵱Ȼˡ
ٻҪֵĻһҪһɣϺ֣ȻˬشӦˡٻϵЦݸˣǮܺǰλùϵⱾĵġ
صԺһ֣СëëѾ˯ˣ˾Ȳؽ˷䡣˵ϣ˶һ𣬵֮ǰǷ̫࣬һĶܲûͷһҪ̩ˣʱ֮ڣ޷һˣԽһҪúһܶԵⷬطꡣ
ڶһ磬һ׼𴲣ϰ֮ǰϵ̩ģ̫賿ʱ˻һΣһ˯ȥɾûˡ۾ʱѾˣ֣ȴС
һֻ뵽Ϊ˷ֹе绰رֻѵõĴһ̣ɲϣĸ۵ļһƻˡ
𴲵ʱ֣Ҳ˹ʱ䣬ϰԵɫСͷæɷһ𴲡ķѾŶϰ·ˣ֣æ߹ȥҪӡ
˭֪ëëȴ飬ɲűķֲţȻСһʱŹչǲأ֣״е΢ķһӺ쵽˲Ӹ˱ķһۣĻҵȥһһ߼΢Ц֣״ݺݵص˶Էһۡ
緹֮һˣȻڽӵߣ֪ǲܵ顣־ҪڹٳΪǾζҪһЩǰźȿͷעԵ
֣Ϲ¥һӵһϳȥˡ֣ɷ˳ӣʻԺ󣬳˳ȥȻ󽥽Զȥֱɣǰʧˣ֣վԭأþûж
̩Ժһֻص֮ǰĹϣϰ࣬Ӧ꣬Ȼ˯ʱ䡣
ϴεĻԺλűû쵼С¶棬ҪѩޱܣȻʲôȽϴ⣬ǻǻἰʱһʾ㱨ġ
λŵı֣һҲûʲô㲻£У海Ҿˡ˵ɼʱǲҪֶԷһҪʱٿˡĻһҲ̫ѿ㲻λӣԪ滹Ҫչһµġ֮ǰλ鳤ôǵģȻûзڵĵ
һ磬һյ칫ңͽӵ˴ܾĵ绰Է̬Ⱥǹ绰ͨԺ˵г˵쵽ǹ˾ָҪҪɳӣ
⻰էһƺ⣬˼ҳгȥӲ칤ôûأҪʲôѽô˵ûɳӵ˼ô˵ҪǱʾһءԴϴοһչʾǿƵһԺ󣬻ҲκС֮ģ˵ʲôĶģ¸һ²õӡ
һ룬ŻͲ˵ȥɣңʱԼȥ
һȻԻ費̫ðʱĽӴֶԷһȽµġ֮ŵˣֻҪĵŵ飬һͲܸԷɫȻעȦӡԼģˣҿµˣκθλ϶ܻӭġ
˶ԷĻԺԹ˵ǵʱҾ͹쵼ĴˣȻô˵ȴ⣬һϰ࣬ȥӭӶԷ̬ŵһ㣬ֻкôл
һںͻͨ绰ʱ򣬾ͼ̽ͷһ£֪һ˹㱨ˡԴϴοʱ򣬺ݺݵشλŵԺʱ㱨˾ͶŶӵȺľ棬⼸Ȼһ㣬Ҳ˵ﲻ
ʵıˣǱȻҵڹٳϸˣ˭ҲϣӴԼƨϣʱ㣬ʱţ浽ʱĻܾͳˡ
һԴҲֲ֣ЩҪ㱨ǳֵʱ䡣Ҽг񲢲˵еô飬ǾдŵԷġһҲ߲ܣʱķر࣬硢ϣŵģʱҪϳӡ
һҪ̩дչȭšΪĻ˺֮šԪܵظùϵ⣬ֵ»һˡǿû˰£Ҳǵ㣬ܲʲô¶ȥΪɣƲܲò˵ô飬˸
ǽʱһӦԭҲʱλſҪﵽĿġɱﺧɱλֻӵĿľΪСǸо£ӶĻ
һеĻͲԺ󣬳ſ˵£ʲô£
¸ղżһڴ绰ŹϣҲԼİ칫ңſڵš֪ϰ绰ԺһкģҪ߿Ļʱɾͱˡ
һʻԺǰƿԺֱ˽ȥ˵ϰ壬Ϻеĳгͽ¬ص㱨ڶڸڰ칫أ
һ󣬵˵㣬˵Ƚгݱ裡
ȻղѾ˵úˣϺӵгȹģһǾȼ¬صǡԷһ֣ȨӦܵġ


ھŰһʮһ Ӳ촬
ææµµйȥˣϰ࣬¾Žˡߵһǰ˵ϰ壬ŵĻܹˣ
һ̧ͷһѾ߶ԷʱֱӹȥỪ軹ǹˣɴ˿ɼ˻Ƿǳģѹܰһټҵ˵λ
¼ϰһûˣ֪ôȥˡʱĹ۲죬ע⵽ϰһʵ˼ŽӴһ¾ˡĿǰȷʵô£ϰȻͻûʲô̫Ļ˵ԷҪҲһƣҲʲôҪ㱨
»ص칫Ժ󣬸ıһˮȻڶԷԱߵɳ
һûм˼Ҳûʲôʧģ֮ŵˣһߵ̫Ҳʲô¡ԷҲֵʡġ
ңһ¸ڻĳ̩дŶȥ
̩ϣھýҲҵܷչ֮õһȾ촬ģŽʲôĶȻǲܵġһע⵽̩ڵľýǷǳģǷǳĺү̩ĶͣӦúúá
Ժ󣬾Ϳ̲вڽеĴССĴֻһ̩дŵΧ˽˵ĴǵĹģ󣬵ӪʽΪԵҲ
ضڷ׷ȡˮബɸ촬ҵ˴죬дҲĴ󻷾Ѹٷչ׳ġ
ŵܲһʮߵĴ¥װøûʣҲԼӿŹ˾ʵյ¥ǰʱһע⵽Ѿмģ˼翸˷ǵˡˣľͷ׼һע⵽ǸŮߵŵ˷̩е̨
һڻĺ棬˴¥棬Ȼ˵ݵʮ¥ͽʮһ㣬㶼гİ칫һƬæµľѾһЩ˾ĳˣҾæҡ
ţһ˶¥ȡŵĹ㱨һ˾ĸܣڳλ΢Ц塣
һ룬ⱨ˲ʮˡÿʡˣⲻҪһλ㱨ö֮ҵҲӦ֮ߣǾרŵ㱨״ﵽ°빦Ч
㱨Ժһʮ˽˺ŵǻ˹˾̸еĽչλȻûоεڻ㱨ʱ֮ǰλôһȴΪģǳ¹ģ˽ϸһ㣬ԿչĹкôȻ˲ϣЩֽϵĶۿģкܴģлᣬȻҪúһ
㱨Ժ󣬻˵ίίгдʹ쵼С鳤һͬ־Ҫָʾһӭ
Ļ䣬ҵ
һɨΧһۣһҲǶʮˣܷôеΪѴˡӣϵ΢ЦȻſ˵Ⱦһ¸ղŻܵǾ仰ҽѧϰģûʲôҪָʾеҲֻǹڴʵһ֮ʲôָ֮
ĶǴŵв쵼ϵˣǼʱ쵼ǫģȻָģҶеŵĸо
ڻŮг˴֮ϵܺãһС˵г࣬˵ôѵã
һҲС˵ѽǲ
ǰ룬Ƕƨ˼Ҹղǻǿ㻹ˣͷʶ̡ʲôࡢҪǼʶһôʰλŵģƴǣҲٸˡ
ڻ踹̲֮ʱһˡ΢Ц˵ղŻѾ˵ˣдʹ쵼С鳤Ұ⻰ظһ飬Ϊ͹Գ鳤жôҪҪߴң֮Ҫһרŵ쵼С飬Ϊ˱ʾǴźŵǻ˹˾̸еĹע֧֡ԽҪ
һ̸ⷬ۳˰СʱңĿһģһҪôʶŵǹ˾̸еҪԡ쵼С鳤ǾĹǵÿ˾ȥܷǵĻԵҪ
˵ʱһ˵̸ܷɹڴ˵¹Ҫȫ˵ҲǳҪٴҿҺԹáȺȺŵǻ˹˾3.5ֵĻ̩ǴţҶԱûģ
ɿԼǿĻԺڳ˶˵ģģ
˿̣ҲòϣһղŵǷǺܹĶĵģ󣬶Ѫڵĸо
˴ҵĻشԺһ⣬˵УҶ룬ҾͷˣǳŹͬĿһŬȵ䶨һ̣Һ칦ƣʱһݣ
һĻ䣬᳡ҵȸղŻҪü֡
Ժһ˻İ칫ңνݳƤɳһȻǵʲôˣһԿ϶ŷ޵һƷơһľɳͻİ칫ӦöǸߵľģɫֵΡ
ҵ˵ЩҪֻ࣬ҪǮûнҵǮûؼȥõߵһ칫豸˭Ҳ˵ʲô
һԴҲΪ⣬ôĹģټϾ̸⣬ܵİ칫ϵ㵵εҲʲô¡һһžҪ£Ҫλı˵ģֻҪ漰ԭģûʲô˵ġ


ھŰһʮ ֳˣһ
ڻİ칫ϢƬԺǱ׼רΪŵǹ˾Ҿͻֿ³ءڻֱĹģϴټ׹еҪһϸԴžһ鳡سҲǺͶԷ̸еһҪ롣ʱѾ׼òˣ׼һȥ
˴˾Ժؽ·һ·һûĳܶԶԶԷ಻ڴ˸ǰøӻҪģԺ๤ȥء
һⷬٶﻹǷǳмģһܻǺ쵼صġ˵Ҫ˵Ǵŵһ֣ȥޣҲʡ͵ĵȣһֵǿɲһĴ˭᲻أЩĵ˿쵼֮Ĺϵ׽ʲôСʱ򣬾͵õˡ
ڳһΧ³뼯ŻһξģҪǵǰĽȽϿ󴬽ԺˮȽϷ㡣ҪĴһ˳㵽ˮȥҲһ׵飬ڽ֮͵ÿǺá
صҵõʲôģһ·̵ƣ˵ҪҲֻǽ̲ܱأ⣬ҵȻ֧ˡ
ǰʻʮԺ󣬻һ˵гǰƬˡ
⻰Ժæ̧ҽţɿķɲ档뻪˵ĵطһξ룬ûвɲóǰʻȥ
һ˳Żָķǰȥò˵˾ѽֵĵַѡȷʵмġһ͸Ҳȥֻľýǵĳ£һߣԶˮӵĵطֻʣһߣ޾˼
һǰ֮ʣڸʻλϵ£ͻȻתͷС˵гǱߺ
ŶһջĿ⣬ǰȥֻҲˮബͣڿտ½ɵͷϣԼմˣԹһ£Լж֮ࡣһ˻һۣȻʵܣô£ǸĻӭʽ
гǣԲǣæ˵
Ȼ֪ղһղǻǹҭģȴò˰ٵĽ͡˵ע۲һɫֻԷмֲˬҲ̫ģһԷġ
迴һõ˵гӦɽزɳ˾ģ֪⽨ʱʱعң֪Ӳ죬ԲŸ˹
˵⻰ʱһֱעһϵı飬˿ҲҴ⣬ǼʶλгǿƱֵģɲϣ쵱һ汻ԷĻڼڵȨһǳĴ
һ˻ĻԺ󣬲ʵ⽨أɽزɳ˾ʲôϵĶɽصĵˣ
ɽȻ̩еҵַصȻĿŵرʾԣڵطϵҵվѣҲֻһֻ۱һֻۣȡݵ̬ȡЩڸضżʣһŻдһʡ
һʻԺ󣬻æ˵г⵹ǣĵ̣֮ǰΪ֧ɽصľý裬Ľ滮ǴΪڲɳ˾˴š
Ŷһ⻰ԺɫɵһڴΪʲôģˡǿĽһۿߣȷʵǷḻȻԴ˲ץϺ֮ģòҲûʲôôʱɽظ˲ɳ˾Ľ滮ǣҲﾡá
Ȿ޿ɺǣɳ˾ھȻ󴬲ţɾе˲ˬˡűչǵģΪѴţһѡ쵼鹤ģ⵨òҲ߯һ㡣
һߵĻһۣȻ˵ߣȥ˵꣬Ȼش𣬱ƿȥ
迴һ˱֣ﲻɵô˹ģɽزɳ˾ţȫŮԼһһʺһ顣һ֮ǰһ㣬Դ֮ȪгԺ󣬸Ŀˡ
£֮ǰѾţȫͨˣӦֻҪ׹ŵǻ˹˾ⵥ̸Ժɳ˾һҳɰôĿľǲϣֽ飬쵼Ӳߺ̸еʱ򣬶ԷôһĻʧɹ
ǰʱ̸õ飬֪˵ʲô۶ˣȻ˹Ҹ㡣뵽ʱ򣬻һæƿţһ棬첽ͷȥ
һͻµͷϵʱֳһƬңǼѾǳܽˣҪٲֹĻпܴ֡
һ״ҲһҪӲʱ򣬷˵еô˵ж˵ΣпܳԲҲöߡ
ʶԺһվͷĸ棬ȵȫ֣ǳгһŵ˵ɽزɳ˾վǱȥ
ܳʲô飬ڵĵ֮˵˷ֿȷֻҪ֣ڿɿصķΧڣûʲô˵ġ
ҲʶԣʹŵļλһȺȥôŵˡ
ۿ˫˾Ҫֿˣɳ˾ǱߵһСͻȻȭͷվĸߴһȭһȭõڶԷı棬ʱϡѪһƬӣһ˵á
ߵ˶Ѿ侲ˣһȻıʣʹóýŵ˲ľƸ֮ļһ׼ˡɳ˾ǱߵҲʾ¡Ҳٵø߸ߵġ
ǰƷǳΣ˵һ


ھŰһʮ ֳˣ
һҲǽţ亹ֱðǧһ֮ʣȵĸӰϵļһˣ˭ҪǸȶ֣ұ֤֮ڣ㲻ҪӾ˭ԣ
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龰ʤ׷һֱӱСȥˡ
Ѿǰ龰ˣˣһӣ˫־ٹͷͶ״ңңͶˣ


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ıԺڳȫסˣǲɳ˾ߵˣôҲ벻׸ղŻƻô˰ˣٵͷһֻ˾ӵһʱһڵһ
ŷӦǰŻɫп˵˼пز¶ָ֣ʶ֮󣬴˰ѸղŸ߾¡֮ĹߣķûڵϣҲûжٶ־ˡ
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ӵĻԺתȥˡ


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˵ϴ취Ǹ̳ȥǵһһﾯ棬Ȼܰ⻰˵ڡ
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ʶԺһͷڳ˼˶ԲߡȻ֮ìܲɵͣôܴԷĻᣬȻҪǵܸԷصĴ


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룬鷢ȥ쵼һ㱨
˵ŶЩһȻ˵ΪȻϮһг̫޷ˣǹһҪദ
Ф˵Ժ󣬻һ˼۾˼˵Զ󵹸ء
һ˵˰ѵ绰Ƕȥˣ绰ҲΪӦӦһ˵˽ŭ⡣
Фһ˵赭дģȻٶ˵ʲôŶԷǺһЦ˵ʮԺ󣬾ֳ˵ĵ绰ִ˹ֱңЩ˸ˣ˵ŵĻҽҪе˲һкһشҴ˿Ѿھˣ˭֪ȻĶòֻҪһڵϣͻϹҵĴġ
һҲФĻˣЦ˵ôشģ˼ҿĶͷ˾ŵѽ
ٺ٣ФһЦ˵֪ô£ʱҵֻͻȻûźţĵŲţ֪Ǯ֪߷ȸпյʱһͶǣ̫ˡ
һ⻰Ժһ£Цˡ
Ф⼸ѷǵǸͷˣ֪ԷǾֳٴһǵͷߣӲĻźãԾһض˹ȥϾ˭Ҳ޷ֻźűʮСʱͷòźų⣬ҲǺܳ¡
һϵĲ豭һڣȻ󿪿ʵһߣǸпס׿ģǲܶסѽ
Ǻǣû£Ф˵磬·ĵطؽˮɳϽÿ׿˴Ƕȥˡֳ˾Ҳˣһֻϴ绰ģҪȻǲ˷ʱġ
һ˵ͷ벻Фŵ˵λղϹˡ
ֵһ֧̣Фһ£һʵ㲻˵ǵľֳλҿѽǲλҲˣ
һղФĻԺڿ⣬ФҲˣǽסüͷﻹеûס
Ȼ֪֮ȪԪߵúܽǲǵ˶ԶԷ鲻֧֣е׼


ھŰһʮ Զ뷨
Ȼͷϣ¶ФʲôӰ죬Ի˻ϵı飬Ȼ󿪿˵ҲеԲ׼λͽȥҲνһСӵʾͼϮңмٸ֤أҾͲ˭ܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
ФһĻԺͳһ̣Ȼ̵̻Ҹ˵Ҫ㱨һ£ҲŲأ˭עºҶûаëǮĹϵֻ֪ӷͬղ˵ģ˭ҲܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ġУ֪ôˡ
һ˶ԷĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦ˵ҲҪǿ֮ǰ˵ǻҪ˹£ֻƣӦ
Ф˵ͷ֪һչˣûҪӲܣûǱҪȥӲšһ£Ц˵У
һԷѾ˼ҲûҪ˵ȥˣ豭׼ڲ裬ͻȻ´ֻһóһίǳԶĺ룬뵽ղФ˵һ磬һ¶ЩЦ⣬Էͨ绰͡ˡ
绰ͨԺһЦ˵ǣãôˣ£
ղФ˵ԶʱȻ˵׾٣ʵԷеġФ֮ǰͺͶԷкҲ˵ԶӦ֪ФһˡȻĻӲһţе㲻صˣԴ˿̽ӵ绰ʱһ̬ȲѺá
ԶһĻԺһ࣬˴绰ҪȻôĪغͶԷӣǲŽԩأ
»ֲóԶǸ绰ûб˼ֻһ£Ϊ֮ǰԪ֣µ㱨¡ίǲǰ裬ֳ㱨ˣҪ֮ĻòҲе˵ȥ
Ǹ绰˵˾ӶѣҴҵĵ绰ǸøﻹûаëǮĹϵ绰Фʱ򣬶ԷֱӰһ̧˳;²òˣȥǴ绰˵һ¡
һܲѺãԶûзϡ˵ûƫ̻֮ȪԪһ˼֮ǰǸöԷ뷨˼ӸҲ֮С
һֱԶ˵ίίίǣûʵȨͲô˴Ծⷽԣ㹻ġ
Զڵ绰ͷɵһЦȻ󿪿˵ʱȷʵˣûһгɣ仰˵һ£֪Ƿ񷽱㣿
ҺйֵФֳһأʲô˵
һ⻰ȥΪ˻شԷղŵ⣬ʵΪ˰ФԶ˵ʲô֪ǰ˵ФǸҪ˵飬Ѿ֪ˣòҪģû˼ˡ
˵һǳҪԭһͨ߶ԷФ֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬ԺƵ飬óԶе˵ˣվһ߿Ϸû⣬Ҫ׼ϳĻȵ˭⣬õʱΡ
ԶҪǻһ˼ôĹǰ׵ˡһĻ䣬ͽ˵ֳҲһгһ̫ˡڸղŴ绰ֳԺҲ֪ɽزɳ˾ǰ˾ȻΪ˵زίʧְѽҴйһгǸҪΰµ㹦򣬾ٳ¼
һ˳ԶĻԺˣԷء֮ǰµȥ֮ԴǸ绰пǱ˺ˡԶһ仰е˼λίǶ״Ҳǲʣﻰ⣬͸¶Ҫߺ˼ʵڵ֦ء
еһ֮⣬벻ʱ򣬳ԶȻ˻˼Ժһ˵ǣлĹģ˵ΰ飬ӵ飬ҾͲˡǺǣ
һ֮˵ΪڳԶ̬Ȼе׼һ£Ф̩ʱ仹̣˽̫һֻͼ֮˵ԶĻԺһ׳֦ģûҪһʱ͸ش׻˵úã¶ĥ
ԶһĻػԺûκı֣ЦǺǵ˵УǾɣ£ФֳʲôҪģֻңҾͲٸ绰ˡ
ãҾʹллǵ֧ˡһͬһ΢Ц˵
һҶϵ绰ԺФ¶һɻ̬һܾԶеԲ׼ԲŻһ顣֮ǰ˿̶ķǼǿ복Զ֮ϵͷԪһȴʱıˣФе㿴ס
һЦ˵ȶ˵Ȱϵ¸㶨˵˵ģǶԵһȡ
ФȻһô˵ĿģԷȻȷ˵ˣҲûбҪٴɳʵˣӦĶԲߵġ
˰Ѳ꣬СҲˣվˡ
һϳԺղФ˵ĲԣﻹǾͦġԷ˼ǣֻܶΪһͼϮ쵼δ졣ⱳǲǻʲôıҪͲô׵ˡ
ФĽǣȰ·һţȥһЩһǼȻ˵Ϊ쵼Ҷ֣֮ǰʲôҲûСһʱţǵϵ׶Ƴǻס
һⷽǿеģһ֮رӲΪûʲô˵顣ֳµʱг˹һµĶ̸ֹ⣬ûƵ߶Ǵ˿̲Ż޿֡


ھŰһʮ μǵ
ҵ֮ǰЩ£ʮ˲øܱסֻһɿǾͺðˣγܲ飬˭ġ
һ߿£֪ȻѾ˺ɽׯˣһڹСŵʱһܡźǣΧһƬڣò߸϶ȻԺ󣬾伣ˡ
ǰ죬һѾФˣڲ־ʱ򣬺úòһ顣ĿǰӦöף־Ǹôеֱ죬Ҳûб̫ϣֻÿߵԺ󣬶࿴ۣòѾϰߡ
Ժ磬һڰ칫濴Ĺ׹ŵǻ˹˾̸дԼϣͻȻӵФĵ绰
Էڵ绰Ѿʵǰһ飬ǰΪֹ˽˲ɰھýɳҵɽСɳϰһһпšƣ׼ϮһһеĺüСϰ塣
ЩСϰ֮ǰ˵Ĵһֱûиұڼ˳ˣǱվٱˡ
ФᵽɽعߺܸһѾֳºǿԹʣֱֳӴ˺Ϳ׿ȥ˱˼ȿټý
һ漴ϴɽط飬ԵغͶԷ˵һ£ƿ֮Ĺϵ˵ʲôʱпգһ
Ф֪ԭԼˣѹôˡһ£һ˵ѾץʱˣһӦþͻϢʱ㱨
Уһһ˵Ϳ׿ǿһ£²żǧҪ֣ôĿץ˵Сӣǧܸ㵽ԱǾе㱾ĩˡ
֪֮ǰҾѾǿˣ׿»ǻзִģФ˵
һ˵УҲ˵ˣʲôǼʱͨ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһеϣ׼ǰһʱ칫ҵͻȻƿˣһĶʱӿһɲˬ֮УǰòŽģǸһ
һʶΪ£Ļ벻Ҫ㱨ĻԲôûòҪְλߵ˵ĻǾ͸ˡмϣҶֵģȵ绰һֱġ
һ̧ͷſȥԺסˣ˻е֮⡣׼վӭӵ̬¸ڶԷҲ˽һί˵гҸ˵飬
Դϴ֮ȪװģҪ㱨һؾԺ¾Ͷһ֪ۡԼϰȻһطģò֮ĹϵôǢģԶԷһķʶġ
ý˵֮ȪˣԶӭ˹ȥԷʵϰڲڵʱشϰ£ҽȥͨһ˭֪֮ǰȴ˵ҺϰˣûҪô˵꣬зӦֱƿ˳г칫ҵš
һµĻˣԭԷֱӴģѹûüͨ³˵ȥݱòҺˣԺٹֱûҪͨʲôġ
⻰Ժ֮ϰȻԸˣֻҪˣǹش˳ȥ
֮ȪһĻƣ֪Է˵أͨղŵĶ߶ԷĶ벻Էһо˲ˬ
һ̩Ժ˵һε棬˫֮ĽǢ֮Ȫһİ칫һСʱʱ䣬ռʱ֮Ļҩζʮ㣬ҪǺ֮Ȫ侲˵пܡ֮ȪԷֵ̧ģԸ̡̻
һûΪԷüþˣһͱ˵ļơԷҪˣȻĻҲûҪװʲôˣȻ֮ǽᶨˣлֵʱ򣬺αظԷء
֮ȪιȻΪ˵ıСӣǽĽɫϴһƿָʱ֮ȪûйŬݽȥҲݽȥˡȴһһģһ֪Ҳ٣֮ȪһҪ
֮Ȫ˵˵һҧ˲ɿڣֻ˵Ѿȥˣʲô
֮Ȫ⻰Ժ󣬺޵ֱ룬Ҫڱ֧֣ФģôôȻҲԪ⻰ﶼĹؼǸ޷ŵ֮ȪᣬһҲ˵ģ֮ȪƲѡ
ʶԷӵʱ֮ȪʧˣǺɫ߿۾һ˫˵һг֮Ҳʶˣеʱ̧̧֣˷㣬ԼҲ㣬˵ǰɣ
һžһ£е̣һԺ󣬲ŵ˵⻰еʱעѧϰѽҿԱ֤ںʱǾԲ֪Щ԰ɣǺǣ
֮Ȫһ֪Էǻŵĳأѹ˵ʲôԸɿڵģԩ˽ⲻ˽ѽ
ȻԷѻˣҲûбҪװˣЦȻ˵һгѾ׼ˣ֮Ȫûа취ֻ÷ˣ̩Ӧ죬СطѣҪϷҲһʡ
һЦЦԺſ˵Ҿ׼ӡʲôģ׼ȿϷඣ


ھŰٶʮ ԭ
֮ȪӻصԼİ칫Ժ˼ŶԲߡϴιǵԺ󣬾ȥ̽һһ̬ȣȻ˵öԷ̧֣ʵҲ̽һ˼Է·ˣҲԵزˡ
ϰһ£֮Ȫ绰һȥ绰ͨԺѹ˵û취ˣķȥɣһҪעΣǧöԷ
ϰ壬ͷİɣ°ϣԲµġ绰ͷһɳƵ
֮ȪһԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
һڰ칫Ѹղ֮ȪԺ飬Ժֹһ飬ȷӦûʲôŷ֮ǰƶķǴӹ־֣򿪾棬ıˡ
̩ĿǰƱȽȶԪ߾£һˣ˵һҶôͰҪ־Ҳôף㶯ˮһˣ㡣
ݹ֮Ȫ֮ĽҪ뻯ΪѵĻȻǲ̫ܵġĳǶ˵֮仹һĹͬģᣬҲɳ˲׵ĳɼ£һһɽݶټлԹҪƽͬȻǳ˵Ρ
ε˵һ֮ǰҲǻʲôè壬ʵû̫գ֮ȪıԶ϶Բô򵥵ġ
ûʲôĻ֮ȪԸǲôˡƾһ˽⣬һﻹǺĻģ򣬵ںʱҲ׾ٵؾ˶Էĵ
˵ʱڣûʲô飬ҲԲɵһҪǶԷαװúõĻҲô׾ٵؾϵƭҲһ˵֮ȪԲϲŭɫˣ겻ǣڵȻǡ
֮סˣΪ˷ֹһҽڲֱŴ˽ٷ֮ٵؿ˵²򵥡СͷϵǷһԲʡ͵ĵƣڲɳ˾ĵλǳҪ֮ȪȲعʮа˾źйϵƾЩ֮ĻɫӦòͼԳġ
ȻܻɸΪ񲯣¿ȥ˷һȻûоʹ˰ֵĵӦúһ㣬ͨɽɳ˾ǰ˺úʰһͨ˵ʲôջ
£һȻԷӣ˵֮ǰйڣ磬ֻͬİˣҲĴġ
ȻˣһȻκԥģ˵ʧʧٳϴûʴȶ֣óʱ֣յùֻԼ
һڲԺ˴ŵǷϣŵǻ˹˾ĴԼһᵽ̩Ѿһ׽Ӵһһ£ǿеģһСµȥİ壬˭ȥӻ⡣
̩ȻлģȽСûйʺ࣬ԶԷǴ׹ֱӦġһĻӻͱȥӦ졣
ǱѾȷһܹȥİŻǱȽϺʣһҪǵ쵼С˭ȥȽϺʡΪ鳤ȻĻ̸еĹУЩ׹оͻŵġ
˵ɸ鳤λŹȥǱȽϺʵģϴε飬һеԲ׼Է᲻ʹȥѩޱλһȥȽϺʡѩޱҷǳɿȥλţһҲܷġԺһ绰ѩޱ˹ȥ
ԺѩޱͳһǰΪһıˮȻӵ¡
ϴδԺ֮Ĺϵ࣬ѩޱȴǳעִ磬ǳעάһΪгĵλ˿ءŮˣرƯŮˣ׳ݶһѩޱȴûп
ѩޱԺһͰ뷨˵˳˵ĹУע⵽ѩޱı÷ǳ죬˵ĹУԷԴϵ˼ú֣ɺͶԷӡز
豭һڲ裬һֹѩޱ˵ѩޱʲô˵֮ҲǱȽϤˣ͹ԣҾĵҵ棬Ӧûʲô˵ڵİɣ
ѩޱһĻԺ΢΢һȣ⻹ǶԷһֱӳƺ֣ȻȥȻﻹǲɵ÷һ˿
ѩޱ˶񣬿˵г֪ܲܲȥ
Ŷһղž;ѩޱıе죬벻Ȼ˵Ļе֮⡣Ժ󣬿˵ܸܲһɣҪ֪ôţҲǾһǵģ
ѩޱһĻԺ˵֪λһ˹ȥ̫ģԲŻİŵġ
һ˶ԷĻԺ󣬵˵ͷ룬Ȼʲô֪ΪʲôԸȥأԶԷľܾе棬ûм׷ʣѩޱһһ͵ġ
ѩޱȻóһ˼һ˵гҸ˵ԭԺлĻٸ㡣
ŶһԷ˵˼ѣ֪һ֮ȻĻҲûҪΪѶԷˣ˵ʵһεεⷸѣеĲ̣ǿ˵У¾ˣԺɲԸԭѽ
Ϊ˷ֹԷϹҲסһ⿪һЦ˵⻰ԺЦѩޱҲںǺЦ
һѩޱ˵Ȼ˵ĻȥҰгйҵٶ䣬¶˵ֽ׶εһ£á


ھŰٶʮһ Žӻ
һ⻰Ȼ˵Դǣ˼ʵȴڰοѩޱǲܹȥĻҲûйϵ¹ϵشλҲҸʲôҪ浨ΪĻôң쵼ҲŹģ֮žĲ
ѩޱһĻԺЦ˵ллгȥг
Ȼóһ˼̲סʵ˵뻹ˣʵе㲻ԸǸʱôСΪ޽ӵˣȻϷԵϵһΡ
ѩޱԺһɵĥƯŮҲ˵ղŵǷΪһֱڹ־϶ԷղôȥΪеش
λڰ칫ңѩޱ˵һȥһ£ϵıʱϴκ˵Ľ棬ȫ·磬ԺҲ뵽ҪһسӣԪһԺ뷨
ԺȡķǲһҲϣԺ󣬾Ҳûҹ֪Էһһڻؾģ뻹סˣĻڰ˵ìܹˡ
ô˵˼Ҳǳг쵼ԶΪĻĿ쵼ĴñͷϿǿʵˡڣǸɣΪгȻ֪еĹϵش󣬾ȥ׳ԡ
λ뷨һ֪һԶԷԺǶ˺һȻŲ⡣
λŵﾡܲˬҲ˵ʲôֻŰӦšһ˵ȥӦýӭ׹˹˾ĴԺʱҪܾΪ쵼Сĸ鳤Ҫʲô¶ɵĻƺҲе˵ȥֻӲͷƤӦ
λԺһ¹ϵشбҪԪ㱨쵼С鳤Էĵˣ·ͬСɣԼʱ㱨бҪġʱһҪǳʲô״ĻҲûҪеⶼԼҲûǸҪ
Ԫİ칫ҳʱѾ°ʱˡò˵ԪıһǺģԷȷ˶µӳ̶ȣһλȥӻľ˿϶֮µֻ֣Ǿǡ֧֡
˵ԺһᵽڴӲʱɳ˾ȻƵ飬ûᵽ׼ϮһڡôĿҲֻΪ̽һԪǲ
ԪѾͽˣԷΪԪ£һбҪ˽⾿Ԫ˼Ԫ˽ľԪϾһ֮Ķͷ˾ȻѾһ鵽׵ľĵģǶ˽һӦ޺顣
ԪĻشһм֮У°ڳһȻδļƣһʾô¡һе㲻Էô˵ڣȷʵ£򵥵ذԷһȻû˵׼Ϯһϸڡ
һĻԪֵú£Ȼŭ˵һҪϳЩһҪˡ
г칫ҳԺһҲеɻˣһӻ޷Ԫı֡Ҫ˵Էڴ£Ӧȷ֪飬ЩûʵĻŶ٣˭˵أ
һ칫ҵʱ¾˽˵ֵ̾Ĳֳ̾İ칫أϰǲҪһ
һ˵ӦΪϳԷ飬ҾͲˣĶʱֱӹȥ
һתȥˡ֪ϰʮа˾ŻظԴ֮ȪжϴԺѾˣƵһʱһ㱨
ʱһȷʵеæίׯƵģǽ룬룬ǵԼʲôʱ򵥶Թˡе㲻ˬҲȥı䣬Ȼѡڻ죬ǾҪӦеĹ򣬷ֻٱ̭Ľ
ͨĳԷ˵̾Է㲻ȥͳƾԷȴȥˡ˼ֳ̾ԿһΪ쵼ˣпܴһӦ
˵ĳ룬㶼һɾܾгĹҲѿչҶΪ˲ദ˵ߣһĻ˭Ըأ
ٳϲλǸΣҪעԼȦӣһҪŽһˡЩ˵Уϲ쵼ĹϵȻǳҪҲɺӣû˰£ĴӺζأ
һһϵļԺ󣬳һ֧̣Ѹղŵͷۣȵ°ʱԺ󣬲Ϲİˡ칫ģ⣬߽һװֳ̾⹦ˣԹ룬׼Ϊһ·̬ڵÿɲһĵ͡
Էı֣һЦųԷЦЦȻ󿪿˵鷳ֳ̾ˣҲ¸µַô
гᣬⲻغ飬ҪִģǱѾźˣһᣬǺǣֳ̾Ц˵
˶Է⻰ԺһȻ˵ʲôˣ˵ͷѰݸ£㰺ͦأݿȥ
˾ƵԺһֳ̾ˣһӵ˵оȻһŮԣҶƯ֡ᣬһԺ󣬲ֳ̾ͰѸ˵˽ܣǼλٸȻǸŵĸˣһǾֳλֳ̾Ȼȥ߸ֵģ̹Ǻܵеľġ


ھŰٶʮ ⵽Ϯ
Ȼ˼Ҷֵ̾ĹԱһȻö˵ʲô̧ͷ˵ͣƬ̣Ȼ¶һ˿Ц⡣
˼״ǹ°ذõλϣһҲûǫ飬̹Ȼ֮ʱ쵼ĵó쵼ǳĻ˲Ϊ˵ûϡȻرߵλãֵۣһϣƽ׽һ㣬Ե÷档
ӾƵԺһòֵ̾ľֳȷʵˢӣǼŮɲֻ䵱ƿģȷǾȰ쵼Ⱦƣұŷعƣ˷ʤ
һƴǣջǺ߰ȥ̩ȵһΡŮû˼ҿվǣƺе˵ȥ͵һˣ͵ڶȵĻȻҲ˵ȥȫټ˾ģͺ˲ˣҲûгֻеκġҪ°˲٣е㹻Ǻˡ
ؼҿĸȥˣ˵Ҫͻȥһ·ббӣ֪ܻԼأǾְ̾һͻȥԼ˴ˡ
Ȼֳ̾һٱʾҪ쵼ȥںͶԷųνӴӡ󲻴һҲᣬԾܾˡ
ֳ̾Ҳʶ쵼뷨ȻҲûйּ֣һذѳŻ𣬲ʻݵͣҲͷġ쵼İȫҪģΪȾƳ£湻ֳ̾úúһˡ
һȻ˲ٵľƣҲûйֻжʱûôˣһе㲻̫ӦһӦþûˡǰʻһԺһյѳͣһߣ׼֧̣ȻٿȥҲû£żһʱ
Ժһ˳ŷͣλþȻҶƵſڣѹôģԭˡһ˿ҲĶܲͣˣҶƵڴһ룬Ӧûʲô⣬벻бߵġ
һһ֧ҪʱͻȻҶƵ߳Ӱֱߵǰһסˣﰵôᵽ̩ģôǸ㵽һġΪ˷ֹԷæ̵һӣӣѸǰʻȥ
ǰʻһԺһѳеˣղſһȺ˵УȻиʡԿܵĶлǿ֮ȪֳԪһСļơ
лǿ֮Ȫһȥ⵹ǺпܵģӦҲ֪ʿˣԻʶҲûʲô˵ģһֵǣлǿô̩ܵģѵ׼ʲôöһۣһ֪һֱλԼҹӲԸȻ⿴ԷˣǾбҪȥ
һ֧̣پһ˼һͷԻ˹ҽţҵļһ˳ȥ
ɽׯԺһѳס˱Ƚ϶࣬˵Ҳ׼˳߶ģȫһԻá
СԺһʶǿôȥѾǶգûï֦ܵҶڵƹԭ򣬴ͶһƬ޴ĺӰһĿ֮ȻһĦгͣ£ֿ125ģͺܴȥȽ֡
ĦгԺһʶһɲӵٶȸˣûɲͣˣǰʻȥôʱһһֱڹעŴµĶڼǴβĦгʶΪϴûľͬһ
һм˷֮У֪᲻ܰѳͣԷһҪģӳ˶Էĵ
ʶԺһҽŴɲ̧ȥ˿ǲ˹עı֣Ȼһ㣬뱻˷Ѿע⵽ͣµĦгˡ
ܱװ£һעǷǳС߿߾ؿܣʶԣûеʶȥͶԷأ
ԺA4ʻȥſԺ󣬰ѻذѳͣڳͣסһ˲䣬ͻȻܳһӰֱǰ֣еĶֱӳųǰ粣˹
Сŷԣһֱڣһע⵽Ǹ߶ȼеģǼ֮ͣʣʱڶԷжϴʱֶԷģʱҵġ
һհѳɲס͵ؼ˴˳й˼ȶԷнһֱͲһţ͵һ´˳ȥ
Ȼû뵽һĶΪѾϨˣԲû̫ע⡣ǵȶԷĳͣסԺֹһСᣬŴܳģ벻ԷǰѳɲͣˣûϨ
͵ؼײ˹ʶұһܶȥѸ٣ͳٶȣ˰ģ屻ĺӾݺݹһ£漴ˤڵء
һһԺɲͣ˳ӣ׼ƿȥ͵𣬶Էֹһˣʱȥδʲôǵѡ
һĹ򣬱ײڵصǼһѾѸ·ȥԷĶԺһ֪һ׼ˣƿ׷˳ȥԷ˿̻̻ɥ֮Ȯƴǰܣ֪ҪϵĻǲܵġ
׷һԺĦг𶯵վסӣ֪׷϶ԷȥùǲɵһṦ㿴ĦгСţɽׯڴʻȥ£һȫȷĦгϴεͬһΪϴζԷıӰǵ쳣εһޡ


ھŰٶʮ 
߻صǰԺһͷѸ˼ǰ³ˣ˵ӦǸᡣڣǰ̩е̶ˮˣǿµġ
һߵ࣬۶ԷֳĶȥһӣҲ֪װʲôһҲûȻѾˣЩûҪ˽Էˡ
һóֻȸФһ绰
Է˵Ժ󣬷ǳעǲ£˵ƽԺŷ
һԷĵĹ֮Ժһȣֵ֮飬飬ȹİΣǵһλģֻҪû£Ķ˵һԷһлԺ漴뷨򵥺Ф˵һ¡
ФҲûʱ࿼ǣֻ˵һ䣬˾УҿӦÿСɽɳ˾飬ټ飬ȫԳΪôȥɵˡ
һöԷȰԪĵ绰Ժٺϵ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһֱӸԪ˹ȥԷʱ绰ǳԾһ˵ԭίԺǳԾѣڵ绰ͷ˵͹
֮䲻ԸһΪгȻ·ͽϮΪֳԺҲͷѡٲһĻӿɼпܴƨϣĻɾԩˡ
һڸίίίǳԶһ绰Ժ󣬱ȥմţФĵ绰˽
Фڵ绰˵ԪѾ绰ˣ˸ϵɽׯ֪ͨţȫзΧ迨һɫ125Ħгˣһпܴˡ
һֻЦЦûκۡʱ迨ģֻһ̬ˡôʱˣҪǻĦгڽϹ䣬ֻ˵ջˡ
⣬ڶȷĦгǲǺɫģղԪµʱֻƾоһ˵ҪܰһסĻǵùѼˡ
һѳͣſڣȻֱȥһԺ󣬵һģȻԪһһȷϸղҶƵſڿľ֮Ȫлǿˣ֮졣
ԪյһᣬФʹʮ˹󵽵ǳԶȻ٣Ƣȴ
һԺŭѵǹǸʲôԵģȻͼϮ쵼ҪǱϰ֪Ǵһô̩еľ죿죬һҪ֮ϸ㱨ȥеˣ
ԪһֱڿǸӦһ벻ûأλȻէؽпˡȻǲˬȴûа취˭˼˵þҲֻϴˡ
һȻ׳Զô˵ĿģһֱίǾúƣĻᣬȻúúһһԪһжһ֮Уô˵֮Դ绰öԷǳġ
һԶĵͷڷˣ˵ȷʵúúòһ飬Ҳ˭Ȼ˼˵ֶΡ
˵ԺָָͽµĲӣ˵ȻֻǼоζǺȷѽ´Ҳͳשͷ֮Ķˡֻ£Ҫ˵ˣȫòϣǹϵͳȷʵҪóʩѽ
һͣԺֿ˵ҪǲǸĻп䵽ԪֳǵϣԪгҲпܡϣǹ㹻ӣȫзΧڿչһΰרжԪֳأ
֮ǰһȷΪһɸʱⷬǣԪ̬ȻΰФ𣬵ԷϾһ֣ӲҪһŵĻҲö˵ʲô
Ǹɳ˾Ǽһ˵ҪФǰһ֣˸˵ЩһԪĸԤ֮ززˡκһλţһֵȨǲսģοԪڹϵͳھӪ꣬Ԫ֧£˵һҲΪ
£Ҫùŵ飬ûı̬Фǳ񸱾ֳҲʲô
Ԫ˿̲ŷղŹ˶Էĵ¿ȥɴСڶԷϸˣ˵֡ȨԺǴӦȫзΧڿչһΰרФ¡
ΰ͹Фֹܣ˿棬ԪȻ˵ֹܡĻڰ֮ìܹˣһͳԶɶվһأûгһ
һԺʱ䶼Ѿˣ˰ѿֳ֮ĹҲˣԪо뿪ˣ˵Ҫȥҹٿ飬ȥ
һ복Զһģ˭֪Էȴ˵ﻹе飬ݷãҲϳˡ
ųԶĳʧһʶȻζԷվһߣⲢ׼վӣ׼ȷ˵Ŀǰ£Զǳһֹ̬ȣѰ󻯡
һһֻʵϺ꣬ΪһܿյίǣȻûʲôʵȨһȴԳΪĸǾίίšô˵ⶼζһƱȨҪСһƱʱŤתǬá
̩еǰƣгļƣ֮źһȻʱ·磬ҪĻԪҲֵʲôȥʶԺ󣬳ԶͰں˴۶ļƣϹˡ


ھŰٶʮ 쳣֮
ڶ죬̩йϵͳȫзΧڿչΰרжҪһչӦж
ФҲڵÿ׿ɽزɳ˾һ˵ȫصΰӡһԪ̬ʱֳģȻĶԷ˵ˡҪĻǾͳֵɻɶԷйϵˣĻһйֳΪεëƤС˸Ȥأе˵ȥѽ
һҲûţϷֱ֮źԪ˻㱨ѽΰ鹤һ˵һ¡
֮ŶһĶȻֵ֧ģԪ뷨Ҳö˵ʲôϾ˼ռأӲǴĻ泡϶ȥˡ
°źԺһҲһ龿βǾͲùĵˣФһὫ䰲źõġע͸÷ŵź׹ŵǻ˹˾̸ˣ̩ĵһǹӡ
һ磬λž͵һİ칫ңеģ˳һûʲôҪġȻŵǵԼҪҲܹΪ˷ֹ⣬׼
һλŵ̬Ƚ֮ǰһٰʮȵĴ䣬е⣬ڹķת䣬Ҳûʲôˡ򵥵˵ԺöԷ쵼СԱˡ
һҲǳӣѩޱڡ̩Ƶ׼һ׼䡣֮ǰѾˣԷһˡЩ׹жעʹڹĹҲ⣬֢ҩ
һԸѩޱȥŵʱǣëϣֻҪ׮̸ˣʲôˡһ̸ɵĻҲûа취飬ҶѾΪȻһǲϣĽġ
ѩޱһõʱмҪ뻹û˵
һ״֣ǿʵѩޱ鳤ǲʲôҪ˵ôֲ˵ʲô˵ѽ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵ֻǾûҪô¡أ׼ˣҪģ׼仹һסˣĶôģǣ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣룬ʲôʱôڼˣôſдģӦûʲôװɣ
һˣѩޱ˵û˵ȥ׼˵Ժȥ
һ龰ɶĺͷԣ֪ԷղŵǷʲô˼ôתۼָˣе׽͸ѹֶ˵Ů˵˼ҪҲ£ȥҲ²ס
ٽʱλŴ绰һ㱨˵ɻˣҪҲܵӦ졣
һһʾ֪ˣöԷӵһȣ̩Ժ󣬾ͲȥˣֱӵƵꡣǱİȥŵģڿʱ䲻ˣֻٹȥˡ
֮ǰôŵĿģһЩͷ֮ʣԷһӾϵĳֱӰǴ˾³ؿһô˾ŮԱʱ˵Ϊ˽ŵǹ˾Ļ⿪ģϣͨһٴ룬Էһõӡ
׹ŵǻ˹˾ԣҾͻָ˭춼죬Ĺ߿ļ۸Եһ㡣˾ϲѾγɹʶһ־ڻĹˡ£ҪöԷѡ̩д˾ôһӡԵΪҪˣһŻΰš
λŷϢŽ϶̸ˣһŲ糿ΪһιĿŵǼŵֻ̩ܴһ죬һҪһ㣬ȴϵʱ䣬͸˲Ŀռ䡣
һж׵ˣһﻹе㲻Ͼ¹ϵشȻһԼҪУ̸ס
ʱһϵ绰ͻȻһȻǴŵܻ衣һúܲ죬λŸ绰ôĵ绰ʹˣѵûдһ
绰ͨԺ󣬻ܿھйҪ㱨ڵõһͬԺϸذڵ˵˳ԭڵ֪ɻԺλžûȥһұݿ䡣
豾Ϊг;Ͷ٣ҪϢһ£Ҳû⡣ڱݿԺٸԷ绰ʱλǿȴ˵ϢȻȥ˵ԺٸǴ绰ʱһ̩
ԷİէһǺ⣬ûϢһ£ϸһĥĻ˵е㲻ˡԷİȻϳмʲôĻ˭ܵأ
ȥﻹǲ̤ʵλŵְλǣ˵Ļ赱ȻܵΥ֡Ϊ˱һ绰ʱһҪǳʲôĻҲܰԼժ
һ˻Ļ㱨ԺҲһ㶣һҲλŵڣΨһĽ;ʲôè壬ô飬һ治ŶԷôĵӡ
˺һԺһǾúͷ绰˵ѽҲǺȻгˣİȥɣʲôڴ绰
У֪ˣгæ蹧˵
¶ڻ˵һһȻѾ˵ˣǾûʲôˣһټԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
һѵ绰Ժ˳˼糿λŹʱ򣬾ͷԣָһ˷ѽ⡣ôҪʲôأһȥһͷˮ
ϴΣһݺݳλŵԺ󣬾һһҷԲûаϣһûж˽⡣ڿбҪʶһλгԺ绰ƴ˹ȥ


ھŰٶʮ ˼
ƵĽԺһһ֧̣ϰ˼벻һﾹȻ˲һ㵹Ҳˣֻر𳤣滹⡣ǰʱ䣬ں˵⣬ʲô²ûдԪ˸ӣȥؽ
˵ջβʱ䣬ȻӡҵһŮԱˡ˵Ůĳ໹ͦģϾε˵㣬˵˾һʱһ˻治ῴۣһȻ
˵Ӳѱ߲ݣһֱҲͰˣȻܲ˵ʱˣ˶Ʒζʡ
Щֻ˼ҵ˽£ûʲô˵ģƵһһձ֮С˵Ǹ÷ĴԱҲûйϰ࣬˵һ١
ҪڱʲôʱٵĻһȻϣеû£Ҳȥһʱûаʱϰ࣬ȴòۡλŲСͷǸ÷ĴԱҲӦȥ˰ɣĻе˲֪˵ʲôˡ
һ룬˵绰λûд޹ص˹ȥ
⻰Ժһ˼ˣҲһ绰ͳֻҳĺ˷ͼ
ŵ绰һŰԺƹҶ˵绰
ֻڲ輸ϣһ˵ȥʱһ˹ȥģǵӦԺǡλ
ģһԺճȭ칫ȥֻ۵һձñ
ƿһıԺ˵Ӧûʲô°ɣӦûôĵӣ¿ڳί϶ģҪҸĻгҪͷˡ
һղʢŭ֮Уȷʵûϸ¡һ˵ȷʵô£ԷôҸ㣬ҲԼñӿЦڵǸС˴ȥˣһѻ˰ŵ˱棬֪볪һʲôϷ
ϸһǰԺһҲˡô˵¶λһǳģҪʲôĻҲӦһ˳еΪԷġ
뵽Ժһ˵ǺǣѣȷʵӦװʲôҲ֪Ȼ˼Ը㣬ǾȥڰɣҵϣܳɹҪһʧ˵ĻҲҪҪ˵飬Ҳֻȥˡ
ƼԷ˼ˣЦЦͳһ֧ȥȻ˳ΪԷ˻
һԺ΢΢ӣȻ󿪿˵һм飬һֱ˵һ£ֲ֪οڣǹͮ顣
һԷˣϴνӵĵ绰ʶԷˣûôȥϾԼ飬Ӧзִ磬֮Ĺϵܲϣֲ˵ʲô˵òõĻӰֵ֮ĸ飬ǾûҪˣڵ͵ûˡ
ƻ׼ټ˵һǰ濪˵磬Լ飬Ҳö෢ҾòôҪμסһɩ˲ڶΪء
һĻԺסˣþûпڡ֪ԷǰֵܣŻ˵һҪǻһ˵ĻǾô˵ġʡίУͶԷཻһ˵ȷʵĪջ񣬸޷ýǮʵĶ
ƳһԺ̵̻ҸϹɵЦЦȻſ˵һֵܣİɣ£һᴦõģ˵ʵǱ¡
˵ԺƱվֱſȥˣҲеһĹգԲֱ̧ˡ
ߺһֵһ֧̣س˵һУкܶ飬֪Ϊ¶ȥΪˣҲ;˵ľջɣһҲͼʮ꣬Ҫÿ˶йоصҲ̫һ㡣
һһֱҸʲôģԼҲţЩ飬Щ飬ȷʵǲ˵־ΪתƵġ
ŷ١̸ܿ˵ŮжǷǳҪģҲһӶǺáٿˣӦ˵ͦҸģٱں֮ǰҪҸǶ˵֮Ľкδأ
֮飬֮һףûκιϸ𣬵ľͿĹȽæټϻмͥʲôģҲˣþΣһԿ϶ԲôֵģĻҲӺӦ죬ϻҪ̩һ·ѭ㼣׷뷨ǡ
һе㲻һֱģǶԣǴԺԷĵ̩дŹˣָôȥ뵽ʱеͷʹĸоǰһƬãȻĲ֪Ӧԡ
ƵҲ࣬ղŵǷﵱУԿͮмָġò˵ͮȷʵҪ˺üΣټ࣬Ҳܹ⡣
һûȰƷͮΪͨʱĽ۲ŮԸ˵ֱˬһ㣬һļƵˡƵĽҲʲôɸ˵ĿģȻĻһҲƷɡ
˵ʲôģһʶؽһԣΪҪǳĻȵðԼЩ鶼ˡܶһףԼһףǿɾе˵ȥˡ
ۿҪȼյָλˣһֽ̻ҸȻվŲ豭ˮλȥ飬ζ벻𰸵ģԽһߣʱȥǡ


ھŰٶʮ ˴
ɶڣڴףشڻã
һ磬һ֮Уƺͮ飬뵽ʶļŮˣټλŵ飬һĸо˾úǲˬ
˵ƵĿ£Ѿ⣬λȥڣҪ޶õĻ̸סλûеʲôУԷڳĶһеûס
ĵʱһŽӵλŵĵ绰˵ѾӵԼһˣ׼̩ˡȻԶԷһǲһӲʲôҲû¶ֻǵ˵һ䣬֪ˣȻ͹Ҷ˵绰
Ҫе鶼ӸԷͱװ֮ǰʲôҲ֪µĻҲӲ˸ϵһŲôɵƵ飬˹ͣλȥˣҺһеĶô˵飿
һշµ绰ѩޱŽˣ˵̩Ǳ߶Ѿ׵ˣ˵ı׼ҲȽϸߣھƣǴֱӴȥģһҺһǲǹ
һ뵽׹ӦúȲ߻ĵİ׾ƣһӦ㹻ˣһ¶Էû׼ơһ˼ҪǲȰ׾ƣֱܲϰɣǿе̫ˣҪ˼ҶⷽȽϿصĻǿɾͲˡ
Ҫ˵֮ģһ棬ߵ˺Ȳߣһ棬Ʒʡʲôһ֪òãֳЦɴ׾
ѩޱ˵ƣҲ׼ƿҿƿʮа˾Ӧòϡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺Ǻؿѩޱ
ѩޱҲʶ⻰˵еˣһʵĻᣬֱӿ˵гҽе飬ϾͲȥˣ١
һѩޱеֵֹģʶԷʲô飬뻹ˡԷԸ˵ĻҪʣȻû˵ͺ˵ˡҪٿѯʵĻɾе㲻֪ˡ
ѩޱһԺһ˵Ҳ쵼СһԱѽ˵ϵĳϣһҪμӵģȻ飬Ǿˣǿ˵ˣ²Ϊѽ
Ǻǣãгģ´ξԲˡѩޱЦ˵
һȻоѩޱҲûȥ룬ȽܹؼҷΣ֮ĹϵҲֻͨͬ¹ϵ˼Ůͬ־Щ飬Ȼ̫ɳʵ׵ġ
ѩޱȥԺһ绰Ԫ㱨λѾӵԼһˣ׼̩أ
ԪҲܿģһһҪöԷ˵罫ԷԷһϳԷʱͶԷһᡣ
һ˵һ˵λŵ飬תһ룬ˣΪֹûиԷʲô£Ԫ㱨Ļ˵ʲôأλſǶԷĵɽҪûеʵʵĶöԷʲôٶǱȵ컹ѡ
л֤ڣʱʲôˣԷĻҲô׵顣Ȼ˵Ļʱһ̣ûҪԼûи飬ͱԪǶȥⲻһǵѡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ淢ղŵ뷨еλŸʲô۶ӣҪ˵ȸ״ϡ
ңλִһ绰˵Ѿ̩ˣаСʱܹˣһǲֱȥ̩Ƶꡣ
һظоԷʾһֶԷѾ˾ϣ֪ͨһ˼͸˶ԷͼԺһǲˬҪһԷ˿òƳֱȥƵ꣬ҲûбĵطðˡԷҲǿ͸㣬ԲŹô˵ġ
һֻ˵УֱӰԼ˴ȥɣš
˵ԺһȶԷش۵һҶ˵绰
һϣͨλŰ̬ԼλãҪֵˣһֳԲ˶ߡϴε飬Ҫ̫װƵĻҲ䵱²̨һ͵ĺ˴۵
ܸżʮľ룬λͨ绰ҲԸоһ˿Ĳˬ֮УЦ˻ϴεԺһֱһ벻ô죬ܲˣʲôܱĵأ
λſںԼ÷ⲻѣеԼȻôţȻûпŮˣ˺Եһ⣬濰ƼƷģζ޿ޣʱԾ¶̬ûֵܵ˵ġ
λ֮뵽˼ƣŵǱơ
һȥӦԼʱ˵һһĲġصҲһֱϴµʱҲһĿࡣʱ÷ñȽ϶࣬ţòʹ죬Ҳ˻һ£ϣܺһ㡣
λµʱиϰߣϲŵơʱ򣬵ûʲôһĿȻǲˬﱾˣûʲôĻԸֺλһֱڸ˭ѽҪǲɣȥұȥ
⻰λŵĶ棬ӭһӣæר־
ҵԺλԵŸղ˵Ǿ仰˵մǲݵģҪҶñӴͷϣгĶ顣ӰѺһ֮Ĺϸϸ˵
ȻʲôƾĵǶģЩ쵼Ϊʲô䰲ŵ칫ȥΪһгɷ򣬷ĺ£Ķֵжûҵ


ھŰٶʮ ˵ĸ
͵˵˸СЬϹˣλ˵ţȻȥ׹ˣֱӺ˼Ұ̸˲ˣǿɾȫĹѽʱΪĻ׹ҲԸѽ
λ⻰Ժ󣬺ǲмЦЦ룬Ǹͷʶ̵Ķô򵥣ҪĻﻹõרſίۣʲô쵼Сֱλȥɲͽˡ
ԼɷһҲӣ򴦺һ£˵ôڣѵ
λŶԼ˽úܣҪǲһȷĴ𰸵ĻһֱڣҹǶġһ£˵еУؼ׹пɲɵӣ˼ƾʲôͺҰ¶أ
ĻԺҲ˵ﻹ૵˵ѽ˼ƾʲôأһڵĿѽҵѽöǮѽ
ΪǿԼһ֮ìܣλŸղŰѹ׹ŵǻ˹˾ҪһҾͻֵϸظţһֵۻǺģֻǶһ֣ûоĸ֪Ҳֲκһͨ˶һ嶼ʲôֱ۵ظ֪ģʹгҲ⡣
λžһڣټϺźһԺ󣬻ǻеˣ֪ؾ˯ˡ˯ԺʱͻȻоڹ߻Ӽٵţѣ뵽취ˡ
λУֻ˷֮飬С񾭣ò˯ˡ
ĻˣԹ취㲻мңȻ˵ĵģûġ
λ⻰ԺҲе㲻ˣͷߣӶ˵ˣղҲԣ˵˵뵽ʲôˡ
λѹͲţܰʲôõӳĻгǰôˡô˵ȫΪ˺Ÿˣô˵ҲΪԼ飬취
ɷĻԺ˾񣬰ͷɷһʵǸ׹еģŮģ
ϻȻеġλ˵
˵⻰ʱﲻɵһ񺮣ָҳ⣬ǳ˵ˣѵ»ͶԷԱϹϵˣҵ١ܲΪȻĻ˵Ļżпֻˡ
λŵĻԺ󣬵˵ֻҪ˾ͺðˣҵ취һʹ벻
λﰵһŮˣҲһöԷֱӰĿ̩е⡣ˣװܸȤӣ˵˵ѽһѽ
Ϲ⻰ԺŮ˺ǿģڼһǿƣʱй̵ʱ˶Է⻰ԺϵĹͷˣæ˵ֻҪԷ˾ͺðˣѽģ㿴вУҸŮȥͶԷɶʱͬҪ󡣡
λžȻ˵һ˼⵹е֮⣬һ¶Էʵ˭ȥأĶȥŮأ
ǸӡҵС꾫ȥ᲻ѽŮ˵⻰ʱת۽ɷ򣬺ֻҪ飬׼ͶԷƴƵġ
λŵĻԺ󣬺޲ָԼ⣬ǷղƫҪ˳Ļ˵ʲôºˣﻢˡһ£˵˵ֲ㣬˼ҵͷ
ϻҪ취ûеĻôϴȥġ˵Ϊǵ£ﲻ֪Ҫǲ˵ȥ죬ûꡣ
λ⻰Ժֻһ񺮣Ĳ˵Ҫǲܲ˵غ湻úúһġͺһڶţֳһе㲻ջһʲôĺ
뵽ԺӴ·˵뷨һ⣬ҵ鷿ȥú룬ô
⻰Ժ󣬵ȻʲôԺϹȥղˣܲڻģĻɾе̫֪ôˡ
λŴӷȥԺ¶֮ɫɿģһ棬ɷһе⣻һ棬ݺݰС꾫һ˵һ˫
һҲɷ᲻ģƾλŵ˽⣬һñʲôҪֻҪ˵ĵλȥʲôԷӦġ뵽Ժֹص˴ͷƣ˯ˣֻŵڶ糿ɷҪˡ
λŽ鷿Ժæ˿յȻûرʱ򣬵͵شӱҲȷʵܵġ
Ȳ裬ټϿյ˶λŵϽزôˡӣŵĽ뷨էһǿеģϸһ£ѶȻǲСġ
ȣ˼׹вһ÷׹˶ϲ߸Ĵ÷Сͣ治һ˴Σ׹к÷˿̶ˣ˼ǱŮϵϡƽ飬ԴҪЮĻɹĿԺС뵽÷һѩ׷ۣ֬е᲻á
λŵıԸ񣬲ɵҡҡͷеѵĸоȥǾ˵ȥһԣһ棬Խһ棬÷ǸԼˣԣ޺˵ʲôջ
Լᵱ̬Ͱһָ̩дˣǱʶҲ̩бټ֮ǰô๤ҪݶӦûкܴˡʱֻҪԼһ䣬λһ׹һ˭Ҳ޷Ĩɱ


ھŰٶʮ 
˵᲻õ⣬÷ֲţһãҲٸë뿪ˣô¡ղź˵ģ˵÷⣬һҲģŮ֮ԸҲΪһתֻҪӦԷͰ£ܲͬġ
ԺλŰ̵̻Ҹˣ˵᲻úײǣοֻ˯һŮˣҳݡ
ڶһ磬ɷľԺ󣬿Ĳѣ˵ҪµĻԳٵһҪ¸㶨
Ů˵˼ȥ÷úá̸̸Ĺöλ⻰Ժ󣬿Ĳѣ⣬סˣĻֻܳưͿ
ڶϣǰһСҩƬȻź÷ϴģô˵ѶԷŪˣǲ磬ſһ㡣
λϣ˽ԺǸ÷һӡ˵³벻ɣʼԷƵ飬װ߲ѵӣӦˡ
λ󣬿֮漴ְѶԷѹ¡
ڶһ磬λŮǧǮȥ̩ٳһ·ʵغһ㣬۸һ㣬ؼҪԸһġ
Ů⻰Ժ󣬽һ㻵ˣ֪˼ҡ˵ͬʱְλеĻıҶ˹ȥŤŷβȥˡλżЦ
һȥʱλﻹеûףȻΪ÷ɱǼģ˭֪ԼļһǸʲôζ÷֮ǰҲҪҪǶԷǸˣҲɡûйϵֻҪӾеܲˡ
ˣλŻ˸ڣѻȫ˱档ڻԼʱλų׵طģԭԼļһﾹȻǸʵʵڵĻˣҳûȽ˧ٱҪǿϼ֡÷󣬺ǿģλкȥ
Լ߻֣һһŮ𷢱ۣǼһҲ֣ϰΪ˼λҪľкˣԼ÷ˡ
㿴̩εľýôǰɣλŵĶߴ÷
Ŷȷʵ׹ֹһεýһֱҹⱲҲˡԼС
λ÷Լ˽İͷ棬۾Ѹɨһֻۣ÷ź˿ȣŶԷɫ㡣龰һ˿ˬתһ룬ҲȻˡ˼ҪٳԷɴ׵Ļǿɾе㲻صˡ
һٽ°ʱ򣬽ƣֱȥ˺̩Ƶꡣ׼ٵȥģɫλſһ뵽˼һôһĻ˼ҪΪǿɾͲˡ뻹ˣһȸԺһӱ
εͬСɣһҲӣ˺̩Ժ󣬾ܾһȥȥ䣬Էȥǡһûͬ⣬ΪλŸղ˵ģһᣬǾӦõˣûҪµˡ
ʮңɫĽγһǰһʻ˺̩ƵĴţһæ첽ӭȥȻҪʾ⣬˼ҶѾˣȻи̬򻹲粻أ
֮ǰѾ㱨ˣԼʵǻˣֻȥ׹һĺͶԷ֮佻ϰأڿȫûҪⷽˡ
һǰλŴӸʻλȻ˳ҺţոһĹ״
һɵ΢΢üͷȻǺѶԷĿҲûҪôϥġ׹Ҳɵڱ֤ǰ£۵ߵãǴԭ㣬ڵϣҲⵥ̩дġ
ԼӳԺ÷һȥһüͷһ壬Ů̫֪ˣҲʲôϣȻ˹ֵĶıǿ治ɵһ
ԼҲöԷĶе֣˦Էǰһ˵ûв´Ļλһгɣڵؼгˣһᣬһᣡ
һҲǰһסԷ˵ԼҴίǡԪгĵʾҵĻӭ
Ǻǣгˣһվ̩УҺܿģҲңԼҲЦ˵
Ǿͺã룬ǵ˵һ˵һĶ
ԼҲ״Ȼһ̩Ƶȥ÷ղһ䶡ӣֽά֮У֪òøȥһ˵
λż״æŶԷʹһɫΣŬˣҲõԼϿɣûбҪ;ϵġ÷õλŵԺ󣬽ԼƵȥ
һ߸ЬôǲˬڲԼŮ˳ֵʲô̬ȣʱ治ö˵ʲôղſǿԼ÷һӳģ˵ڻʱһġ
һǲܣҲֻλĻɫŻʹĵڵľѳֹۣĻףöԷһЩ뷨
Ժλõʱ򣬱ˣ˵λöðţְλĸߵΨ÷ðš˵ӦûλԼĹϵ˵ƺֲȥ
˶Ϊ֮ʣλſˣ÷˵СѽԼߣҪʲôĻҲð˵


ھŰٶʮ ս
һ˵Ժ󣬻һۣ϶¶˲м֮ɫֻĿǰ˵Ҳֻôˡ
Ժ󣬷ԱˡһƯŮԱԼıﵹ׾Ƶʱ򣬶Էûоܾﰵ汻ѩޱ˵ȥˣƿƿû֮ˡ
λͷԼ˰׾ƣȻҲ顣˵׹˵ԸȽѣΪһͿ˾ܵأǿǱģǾǵڸԼҲʹˡ
ٷҳԵûǺܿĵģ˵ڡ˵֮⣬ԼȻһкܣֻעһÿθɱҪһһһȻ׹е£ͷǻ˵ʶȼٹ̣֪һǳг쵼ھϳȫ
ʱһװʤǾԲģĻָԼôء
Ʊյ˵ɱذһƣӦǱȴۺ֮ˣλŶôԼҲӣɶģźǣ˼Ҹûиᡣ
˵ҲԼΣһˣ˼ֻʪʪ촽Ȼˬ˼㣬ҲԲ˿¶λĿоǲүĶ׵ʵûа취ˣλű÷ʹɫȥԷľƣһķͷ
÷˿ֱӰλŵɫӵˣͲʤͳгͷõķ
һҪ֪λźԼĻһ͵ģҲ㲻α׹Ϊʲôмӣһɱûϸʮ౭϶еġ
ȹƵ˶֪Ȼȥһܶ࣬ںȵʱ򣬶⣬Բ׺ȶˡµľõţСȻһֻǮǺȵʱһһ֪ģ׶ˡ˵Ȼɱʱеؿۣʮ౭ƾˣͷѾеˣо̫á
ٿԼһȵñһֻ಻٣ȴû֮ǰ״̬⿴һľѣ˵ҲǱȽܺȵˣҲ޷Է㡣
ںͶԷнʱһٶԷֳܺȣΪ˵ʱѾ֮ǰˡԺһеˡԷȻȵĻҲǰѣòŵֱӱԷſˡ
˵ϵı飬˶졣˺һƣͺعƵģʹΪܺȵĻôʹشˡͬԼȻһ㶯ҲûУҲô໹ûһ
Լһſµģ˵ĿģʱΪ˵ҲһֽԼûռϷ磬Է˵е죬˼·Ժ̸ֹ˿ûܵӰ졣ܰѶԷȵԼҲҪ˲ˡ
ʶԺԼ㲻׼ټȥˡ˼ҵĵ̣ԷҪǺȶˣûκ⣬ҪǺȶˣһʲô˾Ǳ֪ǿóԲ˶ˡ
ܴ˾̸Ҫ飬һҲԴ⡣˲Լܲ⿴ԺյݴĶġҪǸɵòõĻԺгͷ֮տɾˡ
ıԺԼߵһһʶԷھҪձˣﻹǺܸ˵ġȷ˫˫£ֻʱѣαأ
ֹͣ˾սٶȱ࣬˵ʱٷԺˡΪ˸õԼĹϵһȥֿ䣬һģһλŵģһƵġ
ȻλŽıֺǲˬЩϵ飬Ҳ̫֣Ļ˫϶ÿԼһͨҪǴпʲôǲǵòʧء
һλŰԼͻطԺֺ˻ᣬˡһ֮ʱ߶ԷʲôĻֱӲֻؼˣҲס
ԼʾлǻˣԶӭһ׻ǷǳͨģӲǰһϵݣŻط
Լסĺ׼ʮ¥ǿı׼¥Ȼٿ׼ĻҲûʲô˵ģһԱԸղȥʱⶣԷ׼䡣
һλŴӵʱѾˡưԿ׷ֱݸˣȻһƣ˺ǰȥ
һķ6606Ƶ6607λŵ6608Ƶǰ̨µ롣쵼ʲô鶼һԷסʲôģá
Ƶ˶˷Ժ󣬲ŻصԼķ䣬תһȦԺһšԷ˲پƣ׼ȥݸһ¡
һţƵԺ˵УղȻȵò࣬һ㣬ͷģһýȷʵǲѡȥһ»гҪҪһȥϴ衣
һλžԲһȥģȥһ¶ԷҪȻĻԷΪ͵͵ȥʲôءЩ齫û⣬ԽǲҴţԽΪʲôãḻ롣
Ȼƺܿλŵķˣ˵Էȥˣ˵Ǹղź˲ٵľƣ׼Ϣˡ
شȫһ֮УЦſһۣ˵߰ɣһǵһŴ·
Ϊ쵼ǱġЦ˵


ھŰʮ ·ݸ
һҲڣŶԷؿ͵ȭֻڼԷʱ͵ɲסˣ˵࣬߰ɣ
󣬺ǺһЦŶԷݿȥ
Դһ̩ԺǵŶԷݡλı仯֮Ƿͬѧ֮ǲҲű仯ôʱĽѾȫûⷽĵˣ˵Ҳࡣ
ò˵̩ԡ滹ͦģװȽ³һţһָݳ֮Упȡ֮
һƵĽԺ󣬲֪ԡ¿ģΪһڴ죬ϰȥϷѧϰһʱ䡣˻Ժ󣬸Ķȷʵܲһ㣬̩п˵Ժա
ԺϢһᣬ˵費ҪʦŵװĦ
һӦʱ򣬾˵ŵװĦʲôģһֱеҲûȥԹ˲ٵľƣټϺ֮ϵͬһ㣬ûҪʲôǱͷͬˡ
Ƹ׼ȥţһ˵ֻװĦɱģûԹ⣬Ǽܵģ֪úܶ࣬ɱʲô߰
Ц˵İɣҲô˵ѽѵ㳢һ֪˿ɶʶҵģҪţҲѽ
һԷ˵űûˣŭ˵ȥɩӻ㱨һ£һ￴һ㣬ڱտڶǰʲôģƽʱûٱţ֮ǰôûأ
⻰Ժæ˫Ͷ״Ц˵ˣ쵼һղǻջأû˵
һЦųԷ˻֣Ȼϵ̣žһ˻سղź˲ٵľƣڳһݣڵһ֧̣ᵽʲôпɡ
ƲһŵװĦ̸λŴ˿ڷìܣǾˣǶһѣԥڣǴ򲻶⡣ĻǲʣһѵĻһ©ĻǸճףˡ
֮ǰе㵣һеңղѾ˵ˣȥˣһʱӦûز˵һûɲס
˼ǰ˺һԺλŻֻˣڵ绰﷭һ漴һȥȵ绰ͨԺ˵ɣ6608䣬ע⿴һûбˣ˿
˵ԺþֱȡȻһƨڴϣسһһԺ漴Ӵͳžһ˻
һһװĦĦʦоۣԶᣬĨһ㾫Ժ󣬰ذǸо˵
׼̸֧һԺ˯˹ȥֻöˡ̣߳Ž飬λıֺǲһһһ뷨ǴӶԷȴ˿ĺۼӵУ⽫ʱ䣬һȷʵ˲٣гȫʤΡ
ԺҲԺ˯˹ɰĦʦڡ
һʱȷʵˣһֱڿǺŵǻ˹˾̸е飬ǸղֺԼƴһƣȻûڳһݣƾˣ۵òУ˯úʵڡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһĶͻȻֻһȻԼĵ绰æ˽
绰ͨԺһĶߴԼгãô˴ˣ֪Ƿܵҵķһˡ
һ󣬾һѸٵػشõģ͹
ʱҲˣһĻԺ󣬺ãȻʵôˣʱ˭ȥ
һ˵Լĵ绰Ǻʲô飬ȥһˣ㣬һȥ
˵⻰ʱһѸٵֻƳһۣʾڵʱѾʮһˡȻԼǱ߾ʲô飬һǷǳ飬Էô绰鷳ġ
漰ԼһƶҵѸٴ·ݿȥ
Լķ䣬һţûֱţ¡ڲʲô״һŵҴ˵ĹעǾͲˡ
ͣű㱻ˣԼ̽һ֣ǽ
һ׼ѯô£ԼȴһĶȻָָǰ䡣
һƿ˶ԷĶɻ˶һۣĶһ漴⣬ǵĶߴˮ˾úǺ档
ֻԼһԷ˿Ƕ˭أȻΪԼͷ򿪣ȻڹŪ飬ڿǽҹˣ˭Ա˳ţôȥɣ
һɻ󲻽Ŀ⣬ԼǺһЦ漴ͷ˵𼱣ȻǾˡ
ȻԷѾô˵ˣһȻȥѯôˡ˻ͳ˸ɢһ֧Ȼžһ´ŻΪԼһֱϻ
ҹһ棬еΣԺ󣬴ҾȻˡԼıǲϣһʱ򷢳ʲô¾ˡȻ˵Ļֻͷˡ
ڲһƶʱرѰȻŹ˼ӣһ֧̻ûг꣬˾ֶĸоˡһͳ׼ֵݸˣͻȻߴһŮԼܲɳϵ·ݸңղˡ


ھŰʮһ ԡ
⻰ԺһƶסˣȻ֮ǰ˾ʶӦǸŮϴ裬׶Ǿе֮СǸ㲻飬Լǽйѵ׼ֱֳҲδ̫һɣ
ӺߵͬʱʶذͷתǽǵĵɳֻһɫĵһȻֻǴҴһƳһܹ϶Ǹߵ˿ģҷǳ͸ŮҪǴվ˸ǰ»Ҳδֵܵסջ
Լܿ˵ɻæ˵ǸղųԷʱߵλŮʿʮ֮ǰͻȻÿҵţ˵ԡˣҪҵԡһáһܲСΪֹг鳤֤
һ˵Ů˾ȻǸԱ÷ζҪըˣղڳԷʱ򣬶ԷıֿͺǲˬȻָһ³ǲ֪߳ܡղԼĻе޵ݣ治֪Ů˵ǲǻܶ֡
ǰһŭ˵÷ôĵӣȻ͸ҹ衭
һԺʶԷǸŮӲİѵ˻ȥôҲ㲻ϾȻŮˣӦǾϻӴˣʲôС
˿̹ӵ÷ڳһǳ˵ƣӣַſ΢̧һܻӭģ
ΪмɫŮˣô˵λŸҪǣ뾡һа취ҪԼļһŲϧѪⲻִ˦һý࣬ԲһŮó顣
÷ԼԺ󣬿ˮֱĳͻȻһȡֻͷһˣһӦ˭ѽԼãг
ǰ״ʱ÷еסˣôҲ벻ףһôᵽԼķġǳȷղûߴ䣬ڽϴ֮ǰԼкôأ
㲻״Իһһȥղڽ֮ǰöԷ··ȫŵɳءȻԼһ·ͽֻаѸղ·´
ղΪ˷ֹԼϹ֮ǰ·ٳɳϵĸɾ·ͷһˮҲֻӲͷƤסСϱˮ࣬ᴩϱģǸоᣬ޷ᣬܸܶġ
ԼһƵ϶ŭ棬еˣô˵һٲǰλгŵģĻװĻҲװ˱ģʮа˾ǽǸһġѹִӻʱ͹Ů˰ŵԼߣԭԤıˡ
Ҫ̸ӡĻ÷ŮԼӡͦġʮߡ꼶Ů͸ʱټǷβ˵ɱǿҪ˵вĻزСһ㣬΢΢Щʧ֮С
ŮԼ̵ӡ㹻ɧղڳͳԷʱǲزļⲿȥĵģʵԼǶԷΪ֮
Ȼ˵ĻԼΪʲôֱأ
ȣԷôԭǺڣɾԲţ֮¡Ϊˣûа׳ԵֻͣΪһʱ֮죬Է֮Уɵˡ
ΣһǳҪԭǾǺһ棬ǸŮģʵġޱȣڵ͵ĴòҵƵģĿɽˣ޲ý˩ڿϡ
ΣҪҪһֵ飬ǲԶģǻġ˵Ӷ໨ǮŷǱһҹ˾һˡԼе˵ǣ㻹ûϺͿˣûͬŮ顣
֮ǰǳϱǧ˻ԺһȥǰޣҲ׼ͱŮ˹ȷԼһŮ־Ϊ˶ģԵĶϡ
ԼǲϲҲҪԷһŵı飬Ҳʹͷ˭˵׹ĳЩͺģûһ㡣
ǰһģͺһ绨Ů˸ˣϢҪǴ׹֪е㵣ģȥԺ󣬶Է᲻ֱ˸ǸҪǳ嶯ʲô¶óġ
µĹͬ£ԼŲ֪ŮջΪ㣬÷ս䣬æһֻڻعͷ룬е֮УҪǸղžһڷŮԸеͽȥᷢʲôǱ۾ó
ԼŮĥ˰컹ûгǴ´ͳֱݸһһ֧һơ
һȻˬ˼㣬һŮˣֲܳȥֱӰѶԷק˵Ů˴·ȷʵҲҪһʱ䣬ҲûбҪһʱ
ΪһԼ̣Ȼһʵһô죿㿴ǲá
һ֪Է˼ư˰֣ûпڡ֪²õŮ˳Ժ˵ǵһ£÷Ŀ˵һ£ܻΪһ̸


ھŰʮ ѹ
˳˽̵֧ʱ÷ڴˣͷʪԺ󣬻ǴŸղųԷʱ·ɫȹȴǵĺ˿ֻЩֺϣմˮ֪ʲôá
һһۿԺиͷô촩ǲ䣬ֻҪȲҪ¶ȡ
ᣬһԷ徹΢֮У֪ţΪо䡣ȥһģ˿̵ΣһԺﲻɵøֳǾ侭Ļ֮˱пɺ֮
һע⵽÷ȥǺ£е㲻֪֮У˫۾ȴĵɨ裬һηļơͿԿԷﻹ̵ģҪȻֳһģ˵һʲôһ֪СҩǲҪָ˵ʲôġ
Ժһ˵÷ʲô˭㵽Լķģ
û˽ѽҵķͷˣҸطϴ裬ȥ鷳쵼ǣҾԼˡ÷˿Ѿȫ޸ղŵĽ֮Уµ˵ˣҵϴˣҲˣллԼԡ
÷˵⻰ʱﻹǺܽŵģ֮ǰλźüԼģԷܾô죬ԥָô죬ûеڳʱô죬һֻܿԼˡָ˵ĻȻǲˣֻ뷽跨
ֻҪȥʲôҲˣԼķϴ裬ôˣȲΥֲΥ£˭ܰ÷ôأ˵λŰ˵ءҪľǴ뿪ʲô˵
һ֮ǰͿ͸˶Է뷨ô÷˵ղ˵ķͷˣסĸģ˭ŵġ˵Լסģҵô绰˽е˽˽⾿ô¡
˵ԺһȶԷش𣬼˵ҪûмǴĻӦǸƸõʱԱɣΣûмǴɣ
ûȫһô˵⣬һĵæ˵г˵û÷ͬ־ǸȥոƸõʱԱƸΪһꡣ
ΪĴܼңԹɫıһȻһᵽ÷ʱƸԱˣȻطƸΪص㽻һ£ԭ⣬Բа
ĹƸʱԱһ޶һ꣬ίҲ⣬ƸҲдֽϵģʵûκ塣һ£ֻҪʲôԭԴ󣬶˭ʱؼҵģȻֻһĻȻˡ
죬÷ҪǲʵĻΪгһȫ̸ǻؼҡҪĻԩĵطûС
һʱƸΪһ꣬ˣؼȥ˵ʲôأûеһ꣬гˣ˭վ˵֡гҲΪһССʱ͸ַģĻˮˡ
֮ǰ÷ΪܹȫģȻֻһԱмɫһ˻ǺܸӵģںλŹԺ󣬴м֮ɫö֮ҲʱˣΪÿЩ˲ʲôˡ
֮ǰһֱλƣһΪܶ룬һҲΪڼ˵Ҳܸһ㡣ѹû뵽гһջľأһһ˵˵֪˵ʲôˡ
һ˶Էһۣ룬ݵģ治֪Լʲôʲôˡ˶Էһۣ˵Һú룬ٻشҸղŵ⣬ҪʲôҪ˵ûиᡣ
˵⻰Ժ󣬲÷תԼ˵ǲ˼飬ҴʾǸ⣬һ磬ҾͻǺԪг㱨룡
һ˵߳ԼһĶ˼׼ȥ̩ڲ飬ô˾ûҪˡ
ԼΪˣȻûڹٳϻǶЩŹڻġһδ÷⣬ֻҪ֪¶ûκк֮ˡ
ղĶСҲ֪ڵǸûбҪһ¸档Ҫ״һɾ鷳ˡ̶̵һ˲䣬Ŀǰĵ֮ǰ椸㶨û¸ĺ״
ȻһѶȣԼƾ֮࣬Ҫ㶨δС椣Ӧòʲô⡣뵽ǽزԼֻøŻֱ´ܡҿղû뵽⣬ҪȻûиһ绰ľˡ
һԼһ˷䣬ΪǸһ˳ղһ˵Ѿ˵ãᵽˡԸ÷ŮˣûҪһһֱӲȡѹ̬ƣ߸ˣǾһOKˡ
һղ˵ģ˭֪ô£ģ÷˵ȫ£ƾýѾ룬Ҳ֪ô¡ҪûλںıߵĻǽ÷һӣҲôɡôɧҲȥλŻԼϹԲҵԼķġ
ƴ׼ʱ򣬿һղһ仰ȻѾöԷɶˡҪǻϽͣŮ˵ģʵ˵ԱöԸоѹ°빦á


ھŰʮ 
ƵԺҲǴվһߵ÷óһ֧ϣȻžһ˻
÷˿˼Уһʶ̧ͷɳϿȥǵƣһ֮ǰŲɽ¶ˮĳгһֵսľ֮У˸̧Ƕ
һۣ˵Σҡ
鳤иΣ÷ҲͰ칫˵һϰ߳ƺΪΡ
˿ԲģǣŮ˵еջˣ˵ƺĲײǽͷѾ˻ƺӣײǽòĻǲ
ʶԺӣѸճڵ̻ҸȻһڣ˵СҪǿҲǸһԱǾԲµġ˵䲻ݸ˵Ļǲǽˮˣղź˵˵г񣬶ڰ칫Ҳһˣ᲻ֵ֪ķɣ
˵Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˸߶Է㲻ҪΪλŻ㣬͸ˡֻһͨĸгղŷһǴģ˭˵Ļȣ
÷Ƶ·˵κг֮Ĺϵܲһ㣬һˡⶼҹˣ˾ȻһԼķ档
˶ԷһԺ֪Լ̴ˡعͷ룬ղŵǷ뷨ǻ˼ûϹĴƾʲôʱվΪ˵ʱ򣬶Է˵ĻǾζҪһ¾ϹĴԷҲδػô
뵽Ժ÷ейˣȻһղŵǷĻΪŻִⲻ˵˭ָʹģɱ׼ԷĻôȥһʱ棬ǼЩ쵼ǷΪƸΪֶˣ붼˺¡
гҪԸССʱһֻһסȵԷֵʱ˵˭ڱָʹĻǿܾͳˡЩ쵼ǶǺҪӣҪô˵˵Ļٻĵģɾ͵ִԼԴʱ˿̣ĺìܣ֪ôźá
Թ۵ưѶԷıֿ֪ԥһѻ𣬳װѶԷ㶨
輸ϵĲ豭һڣȻһţȵ÷ѽҿǲҪˣ·Լѡģʲôеɾûкҩˣ㲻վˣղ˵ģҲѾϴˣˣԺ쵽ϴҲû˹ˡߣ
÷벻ղŻɫ˵ͷԷһʲô˼һղŵжûҪǲԷһԺҪڴӡˡ
ʶԺûٰλڵ˼ӡѱˣĶ˵ϱˡ˵˵λɵģһѵܳɡ
뵽Ժæ˵ΣһᣬҪ֪ʲôҶʵ㡣
⻰Ժһ֣ϵıȴûκα仯÷˵÷ղǻ˵òԣʲôҪ֪ʲô㶼ң֯˽ʵ
ǣǣ֪ˡ÷˵
Ķ˵г˵֯ԣûκ𣬷֪Ķ˵ˡ
ƼԷѾȫ˼ˣöԷöԷڣת׼ȥһṦһˡƿ÷˵Сղ˵Ҫг㱨ڿ˵ˡ
÷룬ĶҪ㱨˵ģҲ˵ֱˣҸҲ㱨⻰÷ֻ룬ûе˵ġ
̧ͷһһۣȻ˵гΣʵô£ҵһ͸ϵӦȥгģºҿûаϵǿɲܿѽءء
÷ˣҲŵÿˣԷ˳
һ״ǲˬŮ˻Ѳʱ޳ϣܷһ˭ϣԼķ̫󶯾ҪǴȥĻɾ鷳ˡҪ֮ǰסʱݣܻ治ʲô취ܱͷ
ŪԷͼԺһŭ˵ұ죬Ҫôϲ޵Ļұ֤Ժ۾Ϲ
÷˶Է⻰Ժֹס˿ĵĨ۾ͬʱһƵվ֮ɨֻۡ˶һŭݵĵ˼ҪٺڵĻһŹġ÷鴤£ҲˣͷԹԵվһߡ
һԷѾҶˣǿ˵ղ˵гָ˭Щɲܹƾտ˵׻û֤ݣ
÷˶ԷĻһ㶣漴˹һ˵˵гλŸгһжҸɵģ˵³֮󣬾Ͱҽ⡣˵֤ʲôģҾͲ̫ˣһȥӦʱǿҰŵģСϳ°͹ȥģҵԿҲǷҵġ
÷˵ߴͳһԿݸһһٴξԺ÷һҲ滨ˣе㵣ģλгһŭ֮£ֱǿɾȫˡ
һӹ÷ݹԿƣķ8712λŻǺеĻԷ֪ס¥÷һ¥ķ˫ûĿˡ


ھŰʮ 
һԿƵݸƣȻ÷˵ˣľѾˣûʲô̫ϵڿԻؼȥˣǼסϰǰֻҪ򿪣ĻԼŰ죡
÷⻰Ժæ˵ǣǣ֪ôˡ
˵⻰׼̧ߣ͵ʲô漴ֻعͷ첽ǽǵĵɳץԸ£һֱ쵽ӸȻ첽ȥ
ûǲҪģ÷ڣһȥԵòҪҲλŵڵƭ֮£ȥġᵱһ˵ȥ£ҲоѣҪǾôŵĻǾ͸ˡ˵гΪ׼ٹأǿɾ鷳ˡ
÷ԺһƵԼ˵䱧ǸĻ뿪ˡɽʮˣԼմ׹ɹʱûѾòˣһҪˣִѶԷ͵ſڣȻתȥ˯
һһ·û˵Ƚ6606ԺƲſʵôôأ
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⻰ԺҲںЦһԺɫ˵ȻѾˣģòҲܰô˵ˣ˼ҾһŮȥķϴһ裬أ
һƵĻԺ󣬵˵ͷҲΪͷ֮Է˼Ȼȷ÷ȥԼȻﵽͶԺĿģڳֳȴֻ÷Լϴһ衣˵ƴȥҲûʲô˵ģ治λô
һһ£˵ɣʱ䲻ˣ컹һأʱٿ϶ܾôˣҪȻǻôİѱץסˣܰôӴԺβ͹ȥ
һĻԺΪȻص˵ͷǸôĶ÷һλţȴûκκĶǻöԷЦվ˵УǶɣӦô죬֮Ȼˣûа;ϵĵ
һ˵ͷվƳȥˡƸղ˵ģҲһģҪúһۣ¾ôܷЧãλĴ
ڴԺһԴǸղŵ顣ԴӴҪԺһʼڿһͻƿڵ⡣ָѹ־ͻƵģڿԶȥô򵥣ǣĶر࣬Ҫһʱ顣
λŵ鵹Ǹṩһ¾ô㣬Ҫúù滮һ¡һΪг̩ǿǿģҪбȽϴĻȨĻӺɱȻǲõģɱﺧ
ѾһֵֻĺӳǰģҪǵ飬ΰѶԷ㶨һܴﵽס˵Ŀģɲһ򵥵飬Ҫúù滮滮
66066607շת࣬6608˲û˯һûϴڷ治ͣⲽλŴ˿̵ûףǸɧѾȥôʱˣôûϢĻҲҪôʱɣļ˹ˡ
ǲˬⲽһ֧һ֧ĳ̣⣬һĪչ̲ס벦÷ĵ绰´˵ĺ£Ӳذȥ˻
˺üΣλ̲סˣһץֻӵ绰÷ĺ룬˷ͼֻߵʱȴʾĵ绰ѹػԺٲ
ģλűֻҵɳϣȻץһ֧ص˻
һԺλŵ齥ƽòǿԼ侲ϸһµµȻô£÷ػһֻûˣڶΪرյġ
Ʋֻû̸ΪرյĻǼп÷ںͶԷǼ飬Ϊ˷ֹţԲѡػġ
ȥ󣬵λҲûäĿֹۣѾȥ൱ʱˣ˵Լôǿսɳ⣬ʵ벻ʲôöԷرֻ
֮ǰ˿Լ˵ģһ÷͸绰ðôҪ鶼˵ġ⣬һֿܾ˸ԺۼˣһС˯ˣȻͰ֮ǰԼˡ
ȻԲλŻϴϴ˯ˣô˵ԷѾػˣҲû취ٺͶԷϵֻеԺ˵ˡλŶں̩ʩǺģÿһ¥涼мأɲʱԼ÷ǲڸԼ
£һʱӻûͷŸߣϸ˼ҹ˵ĿǰյĶ治ܰλô˵Ϊ÷ųͷ飬ȫƵϣ˵ұ˴֮䶼ͬ£˳ˮ۵ذСæҲ֮У㻹ȥϸߣ
÷ȥԼ飬ȫԲˣʱƾ÷һ֮ǣǸܽôˡһȥей֮УۿҹæһСʱͷȴϲ˶Էһëָоǲˬ˼㡣


ھŰʮ 
¸ĳˣ䣬ʱܳٵ㣡
ǲʣҲ޿κΣѵһҪѶԷŹȥһʵУԲУ뵽λĿ˵ļƣͲһ
һҪԼ̬ȱȽϼ÷ĴĿվ̸ˣҲûһʲôˡλżȻôĴۣһѹȴ̵ԼȥġҪǷϴľֻΪ£ò˭Ҳôɵ
һܲľʹ˷ŶԷȥҲʲôõİ취ԸƵ˼㡣Բȥˣóң˵ӡʱҲٹĹҴ£ֱӵ̨̩ĴСţһ㡣
֮ӲغԪμԺ󣬱רųΪ쵼Сָʻš֮ǰ̨˺ϵ׼˹ģһһûãϾԷŸչöԷ˹ˡ
Ȼûл棬ǲţģȴõ֮ǰġĻϴȥʱĵģλŵ֪ʲôʱˣʹŵܾڻ̸
Ȿûʲôϡģһȴ⻭濴÷Ӱһö֮Ϊ˱ˮԭڽȹĹ£ǷβӶ˵ۡ
ˣһﰵе
ôģһ϶÷֮ܳھͷһλģ绰̨ڲŵʱ򣬾Իġ˵λź÷֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬λҲ᲻˹ٳļɻ䣬ⰲ˸ղһĻʵҲ˵һ㡣
֮ҪûǲϵĻƾλ赭дһ仰÷ܵԼķȥˣǾǲܵ顣
ȻڵҪλŵ鷳ѶȺܴǲǶ˼⣬Դ÷ۡҪһгĲӲףҪץһʱԱĶ̣ǻֵһһϻӼ˻ҧأ÷֣ƼˣһǨŭλŵġ
ʱҲ֣÷λ꣬Ƕ˵״ڲԼˣһҧĺϷ
ԺһɵðԵȻ糿ԵķӦȽϿ죬ת۹򣬾ȻôõĵӣеԼˣ̫вˡ
һҹⱻˣһپһϮͷǱ۾׼СƬ̡ûѹˣ۾ձһᣬ˯ˡʱѾ˵ˡһҲҪԼԲҪʱȥǱϰࡣ
óֻƲһ绰ȥԷԼûأǱжĻټʱ绰⻰ԺһģԼ;Ͷ٣ټһڣƲôġʶԺһҲˣͷһţ˯
һ˿̰Ȼ˯λȴȹϵһ㣬һͲ÷ֻˣɺҹһ˽λĲˣ˲ٲ绰ˣֱ¥÷ķſڣ˰컹ӦλֲҽзԱţֻֻȻطˡ
뷿ԺλӲȻôˣһԿ϶һˣ÷ǲһġ
ʶԺҲ˲ˣͳֱֻӲ÷ҵĹ̶绰
ӵ绰÷ˣһи˴绰ԼţȻʹ죬ûʵ˭ѽŸ
λ룬ĵùʲôʲôֲµ绰ֻӲͷƤ˵λţ÷е飬ڲڼңҪڵĻӸ绰
÷˵绰ͷȻгæĵЦгã÷İˣ߳ɽ÷ڼأڴ˯أ͸ȥԵȣ
ղŻһŭ޲ðѵ绰ͷ̻ˣ˵ԷǸгԺһף겻ѡЩˣҪ׳ҪƣΪһӺҲûС
λ˵÷ڼأԷһ㣬浣ģԷ˵һ÷ûл治֪ĵʲôطȥˡ
һṦλŵĶ߾ʹһŮι˭ѽôһ绰ʲô飬˵ˡ
λ˶Է⻰ԺŭգԷϹпܾվߣֻðӲȥһԺƽ͵ضŵ绰˵÷ѽλţʲôˣôֻˣҲǺ˵ô
㻹˵ϣҲ㡭˵ʱ÷͵뵽ʲôסˣƬԺ˵ˣĶأҵ㱨
λŸ˵̩תһ룬ڿǴ죬ܲ÷ķҪǱһôأһ£ŵ绰˵׼һ£һԺ󣬵ߵӿڣʲô飬ǼԺ˵
Լ˳緹ʱѾŵˡ
Ԥг̣ȥŵ³ؿʱڼ̸ܲĺϸڡԼģҪѾȦļҴ˾Ҫһ飬Խ첢漰ĺˣ˫ֻһ򵥵ĽӴ̽һµߣΪʽ׼
緹Ժһ˱ֱ˾¿ĳءµļ͵ǶˣһԼԺæӭڴҶʶˣԲҪʲôˣһ˵ȣȥˣ߱ϸĽ⡣


ھŰʮ ܳ
һԼͻĺ棬˿̲ûʲô£¿صľԷܵġһۣԱʹһɫᣬһߵһߡ
ͳһ֧ݸһͬʱ¶ѯʵɫԷԭԲŻд˱֡
һӹ̵ͬʱ˵ûǸˣûккôҪĳϣôܲ¶أ
⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼһָ˭æ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵һ˵Ҫȥ飬תһղеæ԰ˡ
Ŷ˼æ˽ȥˣٺ٣һЦ
ҲЦȻͷյһߣʵ׼ô죬һϻǺͷ
ҵе뷨пյʱ˵һش
˵һ뷨ˣҲͲżˣһΪ˻Ǻ˽ġ˵⻰Ǿ˵Ѿ˾ŲʮˣȻĻûʲôõĵģʱֻҪ¾ˡ
һĶԣλź÷ǱݣһҲΪ峿˸ûеطȥݶûпӪҵܲȥ԰㳡ɣǶ˶ӣǻûôĵӡ
λڳҸû˵ĵط÷̸һ̸ʵеûף֪ոչȥһҹʲô֮ǰúúõģ˵⣬治֪Ůڸʲôá
λżݳ̩һ·񱼣һֱϣŰѳͣΪг棬ҲһˣʶˣһвʶΪ˷ֹ֦ԸѳԶһ㣬ҲǶ໨ͷѣֲ
ѳͣԺλæʵ÷㾿ʲôã֮ǰǲ˵úúõôؼȥˣһֻˣ㲻Ҫңֻûеˣҿǿ˵ģĵġ
λô˵ʵҲթԷʵûпԷֻ÷һҲǲһˣȰѶԷ·ˡ
÷ʱԼһǾͱһûطأ˵ȻҲŮ˵ŭˡλŴεģģ˵˻㱻˵͵ȥ㲻οҲͰˣǾȻˣϹˣô⹷յ˵Ļġ
ڱλǸ߸ϵĸг÷һѹʺ磬ÿζ뷽跨Ҫ£ʱʮӶǳˡǶ˵λ߸ϵĸгĴˣ治С˵ɷأ
ڣλһֱΪһ£÷ӵģŮ˵Ŀ˵һûˡλæƿŴӼʻȻ򿪺೵ţһͷ˽ȥ
˳ԺæסԷӣæ˵С㲻֪жൣ㣬һҹû˯þʵûа취ˣŸ绰벻ȻɷӵģʱҲֱӰѵ绰ˣ벻Ϣһ϶˻ƵġҸղ˵˵㣬ǶΪ㣬ˣˣ
÷Ҳɵӣ֪λ⻰а˷֮ʮǿסģҲֻװΪӣϾԷ̣ô˵Ҫġ
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һԸ̥ŮôĻţãλŷֻˣǵͷȥʵװģϾô£˵ѵ׹бˣɵưɣҪĻԼҲ˵ѽ
λ⻰Ǹݸղ÷ǻղ˵㱻ȥǽԼ׹б⣬ӦòٳˣԴ˿Żдһ˵
÷˿ʵҲͲðλ˵˵ҪղһھܰҭĻҲ䷢쭵ġԷѾˣȻˣҹﵽһ˵ûʲôˣоϻҪǿסĸλŵĿеס
Ժ÷ҲŤˣӣС˵ţ㲻֪ϲ㱻ĻŻŵء
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˵⻰ʱλŵﶼ̫ţΪʱҹ˾ģԼѱĻ÷ȫԵһңĻùпҪ֪棬ŮԿˡ
÷˵ʱԼûнһƹȥֱӴ绰˾졣÷ȫԷ˵ԼҪǿĻֻƺҲϴ塣
÷λ˼æ͵Ǹ׹ûбǰгνйȥˣʱԡ棬֮ǰ˵ģ׼¸ý˭֪
λԺֻԴ˵һ£ȶԷ˵ȥֱӿʵ˼˵һȥԼķ䣬㻹ڶԷԡ棬ǣ


ھŰʮ ŭ
˭˵أʱгͳһ𣬿ɰҸŻˡ÷˵֮ǰΪ˷ֹǸ׹вͷ¶ˮմʪˣҾʹʪ͸˵³ȥġ
˲ȡλŵͬ飬÷ѵʱ˵úأҲΪ˺ѶԷ̵档Է󣬾ҪҲù˼һʱĴʵʱҪһù÷ǲװλ˵ȥġ֮ǰٰڣ֤
λôҲ벻׹оȻôһ֣ƲѣôƯŮ㲻ҲͰˣȻһһйȥⲻǳĺλŹȥ
ǲˬλȴûе÷¶ֻ̧ͷһۣȻʵȻأһô˵ģ
ˣΪʲôһ˵еҪȥһµʱ򣬶ԷǴһ˿Цԭ˼֪һҪΪˣȴװƵģĶѼȥˡ
÷Ȼһһֳȫȡһ̬ȡҲһѣأʻʱֱӰѶԷˡ
÷λŵĻԺί˵ǰѺݺݵһ٣Ȼ˭ʹҸɵġ
λ⻰Ժһ࣬һȻ¸óŮһۣʵôشģ
÷Էһ֪ԷһѾµܰ˵ȥˣŻһ䵭ࡣҲղˣĻһʰǰλͻݲµп̸ˡ
ʶԺ÷˵ҵȻ˵ȥˣԷȴ˵
˵Ժͣ˻ͷ˵ˡ
λż˿̶Էӣˣŭ˵Է˵ʲô㵹˵ѽҲʲôʱˣ㣡
÷ΪԼҸ̨׵ģ벻һӾŭλţĶټװƣæ˵˵ҪҲ˭ָʹȥ˵Ǿˣ˵ʱԱƸֻһꡣ
λԺе÷ղֹԭﰵһĻ쵰б³һŮʲô¡ȴûб¶ʵǵĻԺôشģ˵Ҫκ©
ڣλѾʶˣȻٺ÷ҵˣ˵ǳǿӲ͸¶ֲͷɫ
÷λŵıԺҲһæ֧֧˵ûа취ֻðѷҰųͷ˵˳˵ʱСֻԼˡ
λ⻰ԺŭģһӰҾͻȥˣơ
÷⻰е㱻סˡλŸӡ󣬳һ㣬ʱһгģʱ㲻ı֣һ˵֪οˡ
λŴ˿̵ͷһƬңղ˵һһֳͲµĽɵ⻰÷˵ʱǸо˴δеѹһӾʧȥ˿ơ
͵һƿţһ֮ɫ÷˵͸ҴڳҺúһ룬Ӧԡ
÷˿Ķ˵֣æص˵ͷһһٱ˭ָʹģȻǳλġֿλһܻӣûˡ
ȻֻһʱҲһˣڹٳһЩ黹ŵġڷǳλǲǻΪ¶̨ҪĻôأ
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Ҫ֪÷˿뷨λһͦĵģһƯŮڹİΣ˵˵Ǻܴ㣬Ȼ˿̵˼÷ϣ˵Ͼ˼ЩСˡ
³ԺλһʿȻͳһ֧֪Ҫĵһ飬ԼĶֻĶܿ飬⣬ʲô̸
λụ̋߳ǰ˼ķ羰ǲ¾ϵĽˮϵҶȻòˣܻһЩǿĻɫţƽİ·Զ
붬ˣô˿˿⣬ʱ򣬵֮٣ҲѵüѾͣþˣһҲûд⾭ҲλŴ÷ôԶԭڡ
λǹȥĽˮ･ָƽ÷ղ˵һһѾ֪ڱģĹؼǶԷôô
λԴϴַԺһֱûôλͷ˾ӡӶԷв÷ҪˣҲҪ˵ʹһ棬һԲưոݡȻѾԷĿˣҪǵľǶԷܰʲô̶ȡ
ղ÷˵úֻǸ߶Էǿ糿ȥӦĳӺں̩ķ䡣Щ飬÷˵ĻԷҲܹ鵽ġŮȻһģӦ˵еͷԵģ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵͸˺ܴĲռ䡣
նԷյ㶫ҪһгΣȻǲʵġ󣬵÷ղҲѾ˵úˣԷȥʱԼԡϴ裬û׽ڴһĻ


ھŰʮ 
ҪĻǾûʲô˵ġһƯŮȥ̵ķԡʹãƺе˵ȥҲԵϸߵĸ߶ȣ̸ʲô͹ˡ
ղ÷˵ʱܲΪºأϸһҲûʲô˵ġҪ˵еεĻ÷϶׵壬˵ǿҲɣ˵ǾûаεġȻ˵Ļʲôõĵء
һôҲһŮ˹ȥģοŮһʽƶûУҲǰɨسšĻòƶһгҲʲôô˵СǼرʱСŮ˶ŹϢҪǴȥĻгԺŵʱ򣬶Ҫˣе㲻̫˼
ԺλŲɵóһΪѽ»ǳסԺⷽһҪĻҲôԼˣ¶
λŰѸոյϵĵ֧ǵ֧˵ϣȻýһͲȣ̷·ĳ˵ĻѶԷݺݲڽ£÷
ԺλתȥͬʱԼҪ΢Цղ÷ԺµĽӡǸ߸ϣһо֮еĸгˡ
÷Ȼڳ۾ȴһֱû뿪λţѶԷıһһһ֧һ֧ĳ̣ûĲɵֱ³ڵϣȻýͲȣûˣΪλ׼һƴˡ
λתˣ÷ŵ˼㣬ܸоͨͨȶԷ߽˼ȻϿ΢Ц÷žһɤ۵˻ȥسһ
λֱ˼ʻϣȻ΢΢÷˵÷ѽ㻹ͦģдֹԺʱһҪΪʲôеףȻȥܹؼ
÷˶ԷĻԺеסˣ֪Է˵ʲô˼ҲνӴ˿̶ԷװƵıжϣҹӦûʲô̫ãĻԷһ֡
ǰ״÷˵˼֪ˣⲻȫ˼ֻĿܣôô
λ⻰Ժ󣬿ĵشЦ
һԼһдӴ¿ĳ뿪ʱѾٽˣûֱͣȥҶƵꡣԪŵǻ˼ŵˣ֮ǰѾźõģȻκα䶯
Ԫ»ǷǳӵģһԼǵʱ򣬿żλгԼг֮Ȫվڴſڵءһ֮ǰԪͨĵ绰߶ԷǾ͵ˡ
ϯĹ֮ߣһҲզ࣬ɽ亣ζһӦȫ̩в㡢ϺһҲû١֮ǰԪѾͨһ˽⵽ԼľܺãΪڵĹԱǲƵģ¶⣬죬Ȼ֮ڡ
Ժһע⵽λѾȻˡԺ󣬱ֱӹˡ֮Ȫ˵ЦģһѹҲûСһﰵ㾡װװȥʱ
һע⵽һ⣬ѩޱȻûгڰ档˵ֻĸ鳤˵ôҪĳϣļǲǴʹ쵼СһԱζӦó֪֡Ůڸʲôãһмֲ⡣
һһԺԼȴرСԺôȰҲٺˡԪһͶѯʵĿ⡣һŶԷҡҡͷһҲ֪ӡ
˾Ʋ̫⣬Լ˵һû׵Ϣ˵ٺʹŵ˽Ӵһ£˾׼ȥӦˡ
Ԫ⻰æʵԼ֮ǰİŲŹȥ𣬽ôô
Ԫг˼ǹ˾ոҷָ˵ӦȽżֻܽ͹ȥˣǲ˼Լ˵
Ԫ⻰ԺüͷȻûڿ˾һЩ֪ġԼΪξͻ̸еȫȨ˾ǾԲг̵ģЩС£Ļǻ̸ʲôأɴֱӻ׹ˡ
ԪһԼһһԷسŲˣĿ޶ãﲻɵòһ˿֮С
׳Ժϵնʱ࣬ͷԺһԺ󣬱ֱӴɢˡԪذԼ˳üĲˬ֮ɫѾˡһȴװһ֪ӣֱı˳ȥ
˺̩ԺһλźưѶԷ͵˷䣬ȻŻصǸԵķ䡣
һΪԼһ裬׼ӣȻȥϢһ¡˿Ѿʮˣ˵糿˯һᣬҹ˯̫ˣټͷ飬ỹǾе
ݺõĲշڲ輸ϣ˻ûɳϣֻͻȻһԪĺ룬΢΢һЦ漴˽
Ԫڵ绰沢û˵ʲôֻһԼ뿪̩Ժȥİ칫һˡȻԷڷѾȷʾҪȥӦ죬ߵһ٣ϾӦ컹һٶ๫·ҪءԪһȥİ칫Ҳ֮Уǻû°ʱأ
һԪȥν£ʲôҲû˵ֻǴӦһûˡ


ھŰʮ ԨԴ
Ԫûа취ֻ㬵عҶϵ绰ʵϣһȵԼԺٹȥþڵ绰һʲô¡ԼıȻ˵˳ʲôһһֱֲ֪ӳѯʣĻԵгҲ̫ûгǸˡ
һԸһʱԪҲû취ˣֻõȵʱһԺ˵ˡ
һԪ뷨һ֮ûֱӰ˵Ϊʱûе⻹һԭ򣬵绰˵¶в㣬ǾõԪ˵£Чܻá
Ԫĺʱһ֪λһûаԷ㱨ĻԪͲٴ绰ˡҲѹ֣λο˵ǰʯͷݺݵԼĽţĶȥԪԱĻӽˮˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҪúðһԷæˣǰĻʵ֮ǰƶõķ˵練ˡԼǺеĬ糿ʱ򣬸㣬ԷԷʱ򣬾͸һѵӹǲ
Լȥŵܲʱ䲢磬ǰҲһСʱҵʱ䡣Ҫ˽̩дŵʡȷȻ󻹾ҴĻ֣˫˽
һʼͬԼңڻĽ͡˵ӦĲ䣬ȻҲʱʱغԼ䣬֧ʲôġȥ˸ʶѾõһ㣬ȫһͶˣһǵطԱ
ĵңԼһ˽˿죬ǵ˼ֱϳȥӦˡ֮ǰѾ˵ˣɻ񿪳ǹȥһỹе㲻ģλȥǣָָʲôأ
ϳ֮ǰԼͻȻһ˵г֪ܷһ˵һС㽻һ¿
һڶԷ⻰еĪǵͷӦ˳ԷһĶԼҲһĶȻһߵһȥˡ
˵ı֣ûе׵ģҪλˣϾǣе㵣ԼǲǺһʲôԸİ취ӶԷǰ뿪Ϳ˶ߣα׹ж黹ĵģͻȻҪǰ뿪ĿΪ˷δȻ
ߵһԺԼͳһ֧л̵ݸһȻЦ˵̣ǾлȽϴǰڹڵʱ򣬿ɳ鲻ѽʱϪѽ
һ֪Է˵ԲΪظ̾һһģҲŴ𻰣ĬĬΪԷϻԺ󣬾ġ
Լе³һȦԺ󣬼˵ʵ̩˵ҵĵڶ磬ŷǳеĹϵȻҴʱ䲻һȴӡҵһӶ޷ģ
˵ʱԼһ̾ȻۿԶ΢΢׵ľý·е֮һ¶
һ˶ԷĻԺһ벻ԼȻ̩ôеĹϵ̫ˡԼԭҲ֪ôʣɨ˶Էһֻۣһİ֮ɫ۾ôؿŲԶľýһ˿ʲô
벻Լ̩лôԨԴǵ׼ֵģҪ֪ĻһϵһѵģҪȥӦ죬úþһۡһ˵ע۲Լϵɫ뿴һ
һĻԺԼһ̣Ȼ˵ûõģģҪĻ͸óˡг˵䲻˵ĻһҪúϧѽ
Լ˵Ժ󣬲һ˵Ҵ飬˵佻׵ĻֻҪڲ˾ǰ£һѡеĴ˾ģϾҵǣҡ
һ˶Է⻰Ժ󣬻ǺܿĵģܾöԷ͸¶һ˿죬ָɾָʲôȴһĹԼѾ̧ȥˣһ״æȥ
첽϶ԷԺһ˵Լлле֧֣ܲܰѸղǻ˵һ㣬еס
ԼһĻ󣬷˽ŲԥԺ󣬵˵гԶߵ˴ҵֽϰġ˵⻰ԺԼ̧ͷͦأǰȥ
һȻ䣬źǣԷûиᣬѾֱһı˳ȥˡ˳ˣҲϵ˱մ˿׼
һߵǰʱԼѾ˸ʻϡ˵ϰ쵼Ӧڳϣ֣ǰ淴ȣ֮ǰһѾչһһŮˣǲڳϡ
ۼԷѾϳˣһæǰһ˳ְԷѳŹϣȻŶԷһټơ˼״ҲȫΧλŸһȣ֪Լһغһ˵˵ʲôʶؼӿ˽Ų
ڻ׼ǰʻʱԼͻȻ˳һ״ͷ̽˹ȥԼһ˵гҸղź˵£ҪǸ㲻Ļе鳤Ӧܸ𡣡
һ⻰Ժһ벻ԷȻᵽѩޱһʾλŵѾߣֻס졣һŶԷ˵ͷػ˻֣˵һ·˳磡
Ҳһ˵ټߣһ·˳硭
ƿλżȵı飬޲üһǰȥɵüͷ


ھŰʮ ѯ
λſһı˳Լһŵʻȥͷȴһ޴ʺţղԼԼԼᵽ鳤ôأѵºѩޱʲôϵ
ԼߺһûкվλŴкֱתͷ˵鳤鷳һ
ƵȻƴǣæͷǣһѳλȥ˼״Ҳ漴ϳɢˡλȻвʣ˼Ұ˲£ҲӲǼǰȥĻҲе̫ҪˣֻƵ˳
һϳԺ󣬱㿼˸ղԼ˵ǵ飬Է֮Īᵽѩޱѵѩޱ֮ʲôϵ
һǾò̫ܣԼ̩еʱ䣬ѩޱȷʵû¶档⣬찲ŷͺʲôʱѩޱı־ͺǷ
ڰЩϵһ룬һеˣԼѩޱ֮һйϵ˶һ֡
뵽ʱһбҪѩޱ̸һ̸ĿǰΪĵ飬ԼйϵĻôõúõĻɶ̸Ǻаġ
Ƽһһϳڤ˼ҲûѯʣȻ֮Ĺϵܲһ㣬˵ݲͬ飬һߺġĹٳоƨɾԴһƨµλòһǵȻͲͬ⡣
һ¿ǺԺ󣬱һȥԪ顣˵һʱѾ˼ˣ浽ҪóʱҪϸ˼һõʱǰԲġ
һԪȥĿȻΪԼϯһ˵쵼С鳤ǲô˵ⶼһ£Ϊһ֮ġ
ڳί϶ģ֮֮仹һۣʱ̬ȷǳᶨһ־ڱصõơ㵽Ŀû£ôί֮ŵʱϻеû⡣
һ£ԷŻؽɴԼȥİ칫ҵġ
հ붨ͽίĴšһת˵ˣϢµĻҸ绰
󣬵˵ͷȻС˵Уæ
һմӵݿڳԪԿѾӭ˹֮ǰԪѾõϢ֪ԼˡԷߵ˹ע˵ԼϯǾ仰ǷǳģҪȻ˱֡
ԿӭԺ󣬹˵гˣղг߶ŵģ룬гأ
һԿ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻԷ̬ȺܹҲûбҪ̫ӡԿгصļӣгǰǶ˲ġ
Կһ벽Ԫİ칫ȥŶԷǳȵĲпǧһ˿֮С
ԿҲжʮˣѧҵԺйϵ̩ʱǡԪǰ·ţƾԼĹϵΪгĴءһʹͬ˵ʱ򣬻ǺƵģԴһԺԽо͵Ȼ޴ˡ
һʮһֻ꣬꣬˼Ѿʵְˣǹҳĸг˵ٸʱ䣬ʮԺҲδܴõ߶ȡ˵˱˵Ȼӣ⻰һû
֮ǰҲ˵һǿӲĿɽﻹе㲻ΪȻΪԷȹϵλģɶԷԺһĺü飬ò۵㡣òϣֻ߱һЩĪģҪѧϰĶкܶࡢܶࡣ
һҪ֪ٿȻôߵۣһǫ䣬źǣԴһ֪ĥһԪʱ򣬸ô˵öԷ޳Ҫ֪λſµĵɽöԷ֪ôĿģʮа˾ǲܵóѵġ
ԪȥݿźһԼ̬Ҳŵúܵ͡Կ˵г˵ʱæվ˵гѽͨʲôǲء
Կϰ⻰˵һģһҲϣתЦسһһơ
ԼϰгڻԺԿæΪ²裬Ȼתг칫ҵš
Ԫһ˵һгѽŵǹ˾Ĵѽ˵ҶûأǺҸжѽ
һԷһڣֱӽ⣬ﻹе㲻Ӧ漴ӦõģԼίҵҵȻӦý߾ȥɺãҵҲûпԼ̩ƵķʩͦģһؼҷҲһˣǺǣ
ڶԪ̬ȻûеףһôͺͶԷ⣬ͨһٵЦ⻰˿ȥ
Ԫ󣬸ںǺһЦ漴ù輸ϵ̣ȵݸһһ֧ȻԼٵһ֧ҲˣԷ˼ȻѾˣûҪһʱˣһһһġ
ϻԺһԪ豭ᴵ¸ڱϵĲҶһڣȻʵ컪šƶ棬ǵıΣҲҪǰֵһ㣬ʲô¶ΪĻʱ䳤ˣǿɳԲѽ࣬ȵ֪ˡ
лгĹģ׳ѽǶ׼гĴ´һأһٵ˵
˵ΪФ飬֮Ž˺ǺעάֺԪ֮ĹϵģҪȻҲλ쵼С档


ھŰʮһ ûκ
Ԫ󣬹Ц
Ȼڶ͸һ·һԿ϶ԷгϣġֻҪĻгľӦ֧֡˶ĵˣԷ˳ɼĻȻҲٲķݣǺ⿴Ľġ
˳һлԺԪԹˡ֮ǰ绰ԼԷģֻһˡһʱָԷ¶һ㣬ڿλȻ󣬵ٳЩȷʵ塣
ý˵ԪԿ϶ἰĻĵ°࣬һҲԲˡȻӲǺͶԷţû˼ˣϾ˼Ҳ
ԺԪϱһʵһϵѽԼǱ߾ô£ҿ̫ԣǲǳʲôˣҼǵ֮ǰİţȥӦģȴ
Ԫ˵Ժ󣬱ͣס˻ͷŶԷе˼Щ˵ֱ̫ˣǵݿɲ
һԷˣȻҲͲٲˣҲ֮ǰǺõģһöԷȿڣű
Է˵Ժû𻰣ǹ˼״һԺ󣬲ſ˵гʲôԭҲҪʷʲôĻҾÿܺŶҹеϵ
Ŷҹô£ôû˵Ԫ˵
ڷϵʱԪʶܳʲô飬극ԺȥʱѯһλţԷȴһҧûʲô飬Ŵһ绰һ
Է˵Ȼ£е㲻ˣλſˣȻ˵ʵζʲôԪɵüͷ
һԷ˱飬Էλ֮Ĺϵµ˼֮֡ǰ϶λžûаԪԷͲ绰ˡλ˵һ۵㣬ͨԪı֣ȻҲóг˶Ƿǳӵģ͸ܰ˵ˡ
гľģԺ鳤лгһȥݸ裬˵еҪϢˣ뵽Ӧ졢̩ظϣȷʵˣұ鳤һȥˡһ˵ں̩в˯ˣʮһҵʱҵֻͻȻˣԼҺ鳤ȥķһˣǱȥˡ
һ֮ǰͿǺˣڻ㱨֮ǰһҪλŸڽ˵ʱƲԷᡣԪĹٳǻۣ仰˼ģĻȻ֪ȡˡ
ԪһĻ㱨ԺüͷȻһһҲûᵽԪεģ÷ǸŮ֮ôһλָʹģǸŮ˾Բôȥɡ
ԪԼҪߵԭ˼ǱɧˣǲʱֱȥӦġ˵׹ܹ˾֪ͨΣȫһڡĳ̶ֳ˵ѾǸ̩ˡ
ͷеЩͷһԪ΢΢̧ͷһһۣѾˣȻճ⡣ԪһϺƽ·˵һ޹ϵһ㣬κ仯
Ԫоһ˿ΣλˣԷ֮θ鳤Ϊ˸ӣ벻Ȼһ³е޷ԶԷĸо
Ԫװһ˼Ժ̽ʵһг÷ĴԱǵ¸δ
һȻһ²ؼļƣʵĵصȴȴԷ˵һԪ˼˼׹Ϊµƨˣܵøһɣ
ԪղǻʵѾѻˡоϻԩͷծ˵÷˼˵Щ鶼÷ǳġȻĻҪ̸ĻȻֻܴ÷ĴԱˡ˵÷ΪʲôҪôȥǾͲгҪĵˡ
һҲ˼һȻӣ˵гֻǾµģղ˵¾ô죬⣬ûκ
ԪΪһƽһϾ棬˺ܴ˼λŸˡʱҪһʲôҲ֮е飬ڼԷʲôҲû˵Ԫɵöǰ֮⡣ԶԷԲܿſ֮㣬̲֮Ϊչгӡ
ȻԷ御ԪҲòʾһһۣȻ˵һгˣʲô⣬ֱӸҴ绰㴦
Ԫ⻰Ҳһ̬λҪٲҸµĻҴ绰ʰλſĵɽԪ˿ܵһ̬Ҳǲˡ
һæ˵ллгҹ֧֣Ǹлѽ
ԪǫԺһ˵гܳ飬Լд˾ӡǲģбҪٺúŬһѣкܴĻģֻǡ
ԪΪһֵѾˣһһ˵лᣬ˾æʵֻʲôѽһгʲôֻ˵ֻҪĿ֧㣡
˿֮˵󷽻ΪղһѾͬⲻ׷λŵεģһĻҲûʲôõĵˡ
˵ʵԪλŸҲջ𣬵ûа취˭öԷأôԣҲðԷš


ھŰʮ 
һԪĻԺ󣬲˵ʵҲûʲô˵ģԼߵʱ򣬶黹е㿴ҾǲǾһҲһͶԷϵĽڣг˵أ
ԪΪһʲôҪأ벻ȻΪ£æ˵¼򵥣һгֻܷģһᾡһġ
ڸоһܸӣԪ˵˲ͶԷֱ࣬޼һ㡣
һĿѾﵽˣȻûбҪг칫Ҵȥˣ˵лԺ󣬱վˡԪ̬Ƚֶ֮˼֮ɫһһֱ͵ſڣֿ䣬öԷ뿪
һڸģѾȫλˡ˵ƻܲܳɹΪؼһǾλܸܲ㶨÷
³ԺŮһҪֵģڹ·ǳͿԵó𰸡ԺԪܲܽ㶨⽫ļƻܷɹ㶨ˣⷬԾ׶ˣܸ㶨ĻɾкϷˣһ֮С
ڶ磬һ칫ҸտһļͻȻӵƵĵ绰Էڵ绰˵ղԪȥˣ֪ͨ÷첻ҪϰˣȻòĹʽ壬Ĺʡ
һʾ֪ˡԪһ֮ˣպ̸ף͸жҪǻǶĻҲ֮СȻ·ɣǳˣ÷֪˵ԭ򡣾ڵĻҲõ
һ˿ھ䣬λȴһ㣬İ칫תʮ֮ǰȻӵԪĵ绰Էڵ绰ֻ˵仰һ÷£ڶϣ෢ĹʣҪǺڵĻǮһֶá
Ԫ֮ţҪ÷ȥһڡȻģ϶ԷûгڡһĻп÷ʱץһУΪˣⲻǨŭһ칫ȥһҲ
÷ŮԪӡ󲢲ãʱʱ򣬾߿ġԷȻмɫʲߣûǣλŹˡ÷Ů˵˽ҪǸһһ޶ϵӦһҲ֡
Ϊ˾¸㶨ƶԷĹʣͶǸŮԼһǮ֮ڻĹһͨͥ˵ӦҲһʲС֣÷һԺȥġ
λŴڰ칫ͷڷԼô죬ô졣֮ǰе̫ˣԷȻܽ°ô죬÷ˣ˭Ҳܶ˵ʲô
ҪһֱϳܾһԪģҶԷǰк治ܶ˵ʲôǰԪӦ˵ҲӣҪǻĻǿɾе㲻֪ˣ˵гҲ˶
Ȼͷ޷أôֻ÷Ĺˡ뵽Ůˣһͷ֮СȻѶԷѹµʱ˵ˬÿԺҪҪһʻױѻ߷װѡŮ˶ϸˮĵǧӶ࣬塢Ҳ٣ֻҪ־С
ʱͻȻתˣⲻҪǮˣڴϵʱ̬Ⱥࡣһ÷Ӳʱģλ붼顣
һκȽԺ÷Ҫ󣬾λŰѱƸ㶨Ҫǰ굹ʲô£꣬ؿָ÷ͨȸ߿̭ʻߵĹԱԣλţҲš
÷ȻҲûвμǿԵ˼˵һ仰˯ˣ͵ðҰ¸㶨Ҳ֪µѶȣҪҲߣԱʵڲеĻҵλҲܴջ
һ˵λŵ˵ˣҵλƣ⻹һռģһڴӦöԷҪżѰҵĺʵʱ÷Ҳ֪²ףѾɿˣ㲻پˣĵط
ԪϴȥԼ˵ҪƵã÷ǾԲӦµġȻˮŮˣҲûеȥĳ̶ȡ
ڵⲻǰԷƵ⣬ʱݶסˣֱ޷Է֪ϢԺ󣬻һʲôķӳֻô֡þԲߣٷǳεľ档
զһԪľһṩλûаϵ÷ﶼҪöԷȥԼķͶͱͲк顣
׻˵úãԩͷծ÷Ҳһλŵģ˵ԪһԷȥ֡һ棬˼ұվϣһ棬λûϹĴ˭ֻأ
λֻͷѣ¸㶨ȴֲֻ֪֣ͬȹϵһ㣬ڰ칫ת
Ҳ֪˶ã輸ϵ̻ҸѾʮ̵ˣλͻȻ洩˳÷ǴſǻһӾ˳
ʶǶԷԺæ첽칫ſȥ͵һţվſ÷ǿ˵˵Ժص˰칫ȴûйϡ
ǿȻ÷ϰ֮ĹϵҪյĻһ᲻ŶԷģղλйڿʼֱ°࣬͡ԼҵϰƢǿΪ˲ȻȻס÷


ھŰʮ ƴ
ϰָʾԺÿӡ÷ȴһֻŭĸʨһ㣬һƵĴӷǿ߹ιԺŭ˵λţ˵Ҫǲһûꡣ
⻰Ժ󣬷ǿæϰ칫ҵŸϣ÷ݱģڴҲٽǸŵġ
Ժλſűŭ÷ͷԿתһҪҵһѹסԷİ취Ļ¶Ӱ콫޿ɹλŶǰŮ˽ⲻˣʱһɰСè䣬һŭĸҹһ㣬ڼˡ
λȻ԰οԷһҪôȥĻղԤڵЧҡΨһİ취ֻͨǿӲĴʩѹסԷϴھýϾˣʼʱ÷ҲǱŭ쳣ѹסԺ󣬶ԷҲûʲôˣŪ
Ժλѹ÷ȵҷŸɾһ㣬ҪôҾֱñϳȥڿɲĹԱˣǲӵġ
Ϊһв÷ʵϾôͬ¡ѵ汻ϳȥһûӵ顣λŶ÷Ƿǳ˽ģŮȻȥܲ˵ģʵϻǺҶ۵ġ֮вĹϵûλŵĳһ뿪
λŶ÷Ƿǳ˽ģ֮ϾַͬѰĹϵԵһ͹ʵǾ÷˿ȫһ״̬ȷʵںӣںĹԷĸλˣĶ˵ӣλŵʱ
÷˶ԷĻԺ˶Ҫˣŭ˼㣬һӿа޷סԼСλŵĻ䣬ֻԶȥеλţ˵ƴˣ
λ벻Ů˾Ȼ赽˵زԺץֲֻһרĵʹʱҲ˲øгķˣֻ֣ѶԷ͵ԱһƣֻͨһŮ͵һӵ˵ϡ
÷Ҳ벻ƽʱһĶŵλžȻ֣ڶݵķŭԺشޣ׼λŷ
ǿȻԸٽǰţҲ뿪÷Ǳ״̬浣ֳʲôǱվſڣѶϣĶ
λʱȻ÷ȥǿʶҪˣô˵ŮʱҪģĶӲĻ˼֮ìܣЧˡͷûת꣬Ѿ洫˵ˡ
ֻǳûбҪȥ˫Ѿչ֣ҪȥˣܲھɣһҪʲôǿɾ鷳ˣģȻҲкùӳԡ
ǿȥʱ򣬼÷ӵԺ׼λ˹ȥ˿̷ǿҲ˲ϰŮˣæ첽ǰȥһѱס˶Է˵㣬嶯ʲôú˵ѽ
ſңģ첻ˣҪûĵ˵ƴˣ÷ﴲʱ֪ģڳˣֲˣڹûô˵顣飬ſңºûϵǸûĵˡ
ʱλѾȫɵˣôҲ벻ƽʱƴӵŮˣȻ˷в뾯棬Ҫƴƣض˼̫ˡ
ǿ˿һɵλƵ˼㣬һҲûµʱװҪʲôµʱɵˡڵ˵㲻ܽһŮˣʮΪϣܹ֪ɣϱѽҪǷͷ˵ռˣǿɾͳˡ
뵽Ժ󣬷ǿˣλ˵ϰ壬ղг绰ȥһ˵ģ㲻˰ɣ
ĻԺλ㷴Ӧˣŷǿ˵ԣԣˣŮŴһ¡˵꣬תȥ
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÷ϾһŮˣĶзǿһ˵
ʶ޷ѶԷĿʱƿڴλͷڹ꣬ģڳˣ㶥ףĶô˵飬ܣѽҾͲܵ˺Уܵ
λɥ֮Ȯһ㣬¥Ժ˳ĴԺʻȥǰʻ˴Լ塢Ժһӣһת˽ȥڳͨӾҲ鿴һԺȷ÷û׷Űѳͣ£Ϩ˻
ǸŮˣģ񾭲ˣ֪˵ʲôҲĴĻλڳ
˿Ȼܳˣ»û꣬Էһֱİ칫󺰴У˿ɾͶˡλҪƽ£ԪæŮѾͷ蹷ˣ˹ȥһ˵ģֻнг˵Ȩϣһ㡣
ӵλŵĵ绰ԺԪڵ绰ͽݺݵһ١֪˹ϵʱѹԷλȴ˵û£Ů˺أúܣʲôʲôģڹȻˡ


ھŰʮ СȦ
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Ԫϵĵ绰˼Ժ󣬾ͰͲ˶ϡ绰ͨԺŻͲ˵鳤и鷳ȥһ£˵гİ칫˵״ȥô¡칫¥ô޹˵ڴ˳أ
Էⷬ˵Ժﲻˬ˼㣬ǳ飬ȥҲͰˣȻǿǲ·ӡǲˬƻòȥ£˵ٴһѹˣԪ˿ɲֹһ˵Ҳ鳤ίεķ¡
÷λʱһ֪ģʱﻹǺܿĵģ˵λɻҪûľİţҲδؾݱǳսݣ˵չһע
ϣһƺФһξۻФԼģеһ㱨Ȼ֪ƺһ֮ĹϵѶԷҲһˡٲȻѾһСȦӣйͬ˵˼
Ȱղȥ÷λŵϸظһȥʱ򣬶Էλŵİ칫֣һһ˵λŵĲǣ˵Էεûģôôջס
ƵԺ࣬Ͼ飬ԷߣȡֵĻҲٵƼԷǿ˵飬ȥˮ÷ͬ־úÿһ¡
ǿ⻰Ժæתȥ˵ʵһҲԸ鳤ˣȫԳˡ
һṦ򣬰һˮ÷ǰĲ輸ϣҲûֱͣӳ˸г칫ңûйţȫšе㵣ģ÷ҪǷͷ˵ôôģǿɾͲٵˣһۡ
Ժ÷ȻˣˮԺȴ͵һ⡣һۣȻѹʵΣǴӦҵģֻҪҰ˭ָʹҵ˵ͲῪңôأ
ѾˣȻںƴ󳳴֣˵֮ʱҲûյĹ֮ɫȫмʵɫʡ
˶Է⻰ԺƵȻǲˬ˼Է˿̵飬Ҳûкƽϡ÷ʳ⣬Ʋ̫ûشֻģڵ˵ʵ£Ҳ̫ٴɣ
÷˵Ҳ޿κΣԷϾֻһ鳤ЩûоȨġ
ְο˶Էһͽˡ
÷˿̺˵裬Ҳ侲λѾˣֵĻҲûʲô˼ˡ˵õǻˣ˵¹ʶĨˣǵʱˡ
ƵĻԺһ뵽һ⣬ȴû˵ĻƵ⣬Ϊ˵Է°òλءǶµδǻ£ʱβˡ
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гķΧҲ˲ˬϢФƵظһſ׿˾һʱæµ֮ǰһȴڴекܴ롣
ЩȻȫ˳ǵȥǳµġ
һ磬ټǿᣬ˵쵼ȥӲ죬Ǵȥ˵Ǹһĸгϴڵɳʱ򣬺ݺݵʰ˹ǵˣȥһҪһɫơ
Щڽɳ֮ǰϵС죬ڹ˾һʲ͵нˮʲô¡˵ǧգñһʱ쵼ˣǵȻܲӦ
漰гҲеûףǸСҲͷǿڶ˵ֻܷģκηգǹȥԺҪԵǴŵˣڴ˹У˸г˭˵ʲôأ˵ڵĵҶǶİɣ
ЩһﱾһЩ޷֮ͽ˵ˣȻҲͲ·ˣһ£㶼ˡ
˵ֳ׼ϮһһûʳʲôмֵĶֻ˵ʱûȽʲôֻվĵԲǶֵġ
Ф˵ȻŶԷⷬ˵ǣϸµĹԺǻûҵκ֤ݣԲŲòš
һĻ˵ЩµĹյһЧģȥƾЩȴûκã˵һֻǣСɫĻ˺
Фһ֮Ƿôľȥ飬ΪҪ鴦ɽزɳ˾һССĸĻеɱţĸоˣȥֱΪֹ
㵽ϣеעеСϡһܸô飬Ȼһ֮ФǷǳӵģΪ˷ֹ˴ÿ׿˼ǳס˿˭ҪõĻһɲü


ھŰʮ 
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е鶼֮ҪһΪԷڴɳʱ̬̫ΪǿӲˣΪɳ˾쵼㵱еһԱΪ˾ôȥˡ
Ļ˭֪ſںߣȴһ취ҲûСĹоϻ硣Ϊ£˽źʹŷĦʱȥϮгֻһֿԾӽˮˡ
Феì֮ʱɴװư͡ФͿ׿˵ʲôһԲȫһ¿ˮ̵ļơФͿ׿ֱܵŻһ취ҲûС
֮ǰһⶣǣôѶĹжܲȡֶΡФ󣬵Ȼ׶ԷһƬġ
˿һֻһ㣬һǶִһһֻ蹷ҧ˵ġʱĻվ˵˿ɾͶˡⱾһץСӵĺûᣬ˵תۼͼпһٰʮȵתǷ뱻ɶԷ׸ǿǼòʧ飬ǧܳ嶯
ڲܲȡֶΣФͿ׿Լµһ˾ͺˣźǣҹ󣬶Է˰Ǽ仰ȥ⣬ǳĬڳ֮ǰǾѾĴ㣬ﵭúܣФܰô
һĻҪӶԷ˳㶫ȻǼ׵飬˵ǲ̫ˡԷ¾жֻʲôĺƵģΪܹģ˺ް취ˡ
ФҲʶ㣬ԲԼһƣ˵˼澿ô졣
һФһ󣬲ɵüͷµʱ͸оǸСӵۺ̫׶ԸⶣФһԱ
˭ڱĹֻû뵽м겻λһˣȻûޣôӵֶҲʹó̫ߣڷҲһ¡ٿһԺٺǻеʱҪӵСģУǹ׶㣬ѷ
Фһ˵ѽҿ¾ôŰɣֻȷŶԷȥˣԺл˵ɣϷںأ˭Ц󣡡
һĻԺƿʵ¾ôˣԷе̫صˣҪ׵Ժܻ䱾ѽ
ФƵĻԺҲŵ˵ͷ
һȴΪ˵û£֮ǰ޷ʱûгɹڶ֪ʲô·ˣҾͲܸʲô
˵ͷФȴвͬһ¶Է˵һѽ㿴ǲɸ˹ǴҶġ
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ھŰʮ 
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ھŰʮ ȡָʾ
ȷҪʱʼһûдôţɱﺧȻĹעЩҲ֮е飬ûбҪ⣬ѾӦ׼һֱһͲһϲ֮ˣҲԲ֮ԪĺΪѵĻҲþ˶Է
ڻĹٳУҪɼóܷ֮ʩչȭҲ˵ãҲ֦ͷģ类˸ժȥˡ
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һĻԺԪвԷô˵Ŀģ˵һгΪ˴ŵ˲ѽڿǲģô˵ͷ˭ҲǺǣ
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һղڰ칫˼ãİ취ڿӦûǿеģ˵ܾʹ˿һϷֶΪأ
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һĻԷн˳زˡҿ㹻˼еζӲʲôҲû˵ҪȻݱʲôﻹһ׶ûС


ھŰʮ ջķ
ϵ֮ȪԼǸɵƣʯͷԼĽŻֺòƺҵԼɵˡѾôˣԹҲûʲôˣÿǾôӦԣһô⣬ʮӶʮˮܹ黹תʱ
Ŀǰ⿿ԼȻУΪһֶκЩ˵ǵˮ©ҪҵֵĻỹ治һ׵顣
ʶԼҲͻƿڣ֮Ȫʹ˱⡣ϴθʡԿܵĶлǿԷһܲðǲǿһᡣԷڸһ˼̩һֵ꣬һᣬӦÿԺúһ
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Լ̩ʱѾĵˣһѾԪ㱨ǲóԷ֮ǰʱȺͶԷһ£ԪԴ˺ܸȤһȻҪ䰲һ£Ļûκʵ壬ȻԪȤҲ˵
һԼʱ˾ʶĺһ㣬ֻֽһںλֵʱһע⵽һֵ󣬾ǽ𷢱۵Ůŵ˵ǰ棬ԼĿϴεʱҲͬ뿪̩ⲻʱ䣬֮һЩȤ顣
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Լһˣﲻ˼ֵ֮УòǺͶԷĶνѵõһʤϧ
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̩Ժһ˸߳ɽܡԷ֮ǰѾ첽ǰкһæΪԼ˫˽ܡ
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ٴι̩νԼӼһֽ̩дŽǷǳǵġ˵ǴŻ᲻ʲôƾṩĸҵĲϣ˵Էġλոձ㶨Ůһ߰ñ߹ģ벻ʲôġ
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һСȴֱ˶ԶԷءΪгڵίͱȸ߳ɽί鳤Ҫߣټ϶ԷǴ׸ӭԼģȻûһȥĵ
һ̬Ŀ޷ǾΪԷԳڰϣΪӦضԷô˵˾Ϊ˱һ⣬߳ɽ̹Ȼ֮Ļǿɾе㡰ˣ߳ɽôĹٳȻǰ׻ģ֪ˡ


ھŰʮ Ŀ
߳ɽƿԺһȰԼ˽ȥŶԷȥŰɨһۣһѩޱվһ߳΢ЦأǳһϴζԷΪ˱Լ棬ɳòƶν飬ôͻȻأ
һ˲ÿеԭæ̧ͷԼȥȻ֮ǰѾֹ֪֮ϵܺԼѩޱһʲôķӦ
һƵǣԼһ쳣ıҲûУѵ˵֮ǰѾ֪ѩޱˣһԺһʺţеͲͨѽ
Ժһĥ⣬оô£ȥҲûеóһԶԽΪһĴ𰸡
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ҪǰˣΪһʵʵڵسԪһǶ⡣ίغۣץϸڣǶγɵĹʶôһĿȴǵίȷģһгĶ飿ԷĶܱ鱾֮ſĺ㡣
֪֮˵һʲôԼͻȻ񱻴˼ѪƵģ˵ǣ㾡ܷģֻҪûʲôⷢ¾ԲٳģܲǱ߻һķȨġ
һ⻰ԺҲмɻ֮ǰԼ̩дźĿԷǳ󣬵ҲûȷıѵΪһųģֱİˣͨκͶԷ򽻵Ӧòô׳嶯ˡѵʲô飿
뵽Ժһװӣ̧ͷѩޱɨһ֮ۡԷͷԲˣΧһкûκιϵŴ£һֻϲ˵˼
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Ӧ˰Լ͵̩Ժ󣬱㷵ˣԼ˲ûгӡ֮ű׼Լ˾ȥеģһȻǴûгǱûǹȥ֮űǿһ˵ڼһȥˣҲͲټˡ
Լֻϳ֮ǰ̩еָʱ򣬲ѩޱĶСһ䡣ĶǳΣڳĴ˶ûзһȴؿӶȷϣԷ̬֮Ժ֮ǰ˺ܴı仯һѩޱкܴϵ
Լ뿪Ժһ˰֮ϳȻŻعѩޱ˵ѩޱ鳤ȥɣ˵⻰Ժֱɣɵͣλȥ
һ°ԼûйʱͻţҲںմ˲ٹ⡣һֱһ˵Ҫ󶼼ϣƷз档¶˲ٵĿܼ࣬ܣԲݣЩҲһˡ
һߵҲվסӣѩޱߵǰԺΪԷ˸ʻĳšѩޱһллԺƣ˳ȥ
ڶ̶̵Ĳ֮䣬һŵԷϾһֵˮζúǺšûоԸоƷģ޵ĵԺȷʵоˬЩŮϵζ̫ŨʱԺ·϶ζ˼ƺ·ѬſĲݡ
һϳԺ󣬳ѩޱ΢΢һЦȻ󷢶˳ӡȻԷѯʱ䣬ص㣬ȻʺϺͶԷһѶԷ͵ҵʱȥ
ʱԺ治ɵóϴڶԷ￴һĨۺ죬ӦòġˡϴεԺ󣬶Էһ˴ˡ


ھŰʮ һץ
ѩޱҲоԷлҪ˵򲻻ڸղô˵ʱһϳĻĶԷͷԼϰ֮ϵ˽⣬ܲ²ġ
дĹУȻͷԷ˶ԷעʱҲ͵ۡѩޱһеĲɵĸомϰĺ˵ʱ֧֧ģ֪ơԷ˷⣬ʱʱһۣ˵һһֱڿǹ顣
ѩޱΪϳԺ󣬶Էͻѯģ벻ѾһˣۿļѾԶˣԷûпڡҪƳĬһֲ֪ʲôֻаֻóСϷ
һѩޱıȫԷֹӣҲܲµԷ롣תѩޱ˵ղź˲پƣԺȥһᣬ㲻᲻ӭѣҲеһ¡
ѩޱæ˵Ȼӭˣֻʲô飬ǰ͸¶һҲ׼Ȼٻش쵼Ļѽ
׼һ׼֪𰸣һ˵꣬ר־ؼ
ѩޱһ⻰Ժ󣬻˵ʲô־ò֪˵ʲôǱֵͷϷ
¾С6¥ǰԺһѳһƧĵط֮ͣ˵ûʲôϵϾѾˣ춼Ѿ͸ˡ߱˵гôˣһŮΪ̸Ҫ⻰Ļһ糿ŵʱӱżˡ
£һòСĽһ㡣ڹٳЩ飬ûôȥɣֻҪ϶ˣҪĻɲһ׵¡
ѩޱһСĽƽʱ֦Ҷģ˹ؼʱ̣˼ͦϸĵģ֪ǲ֮ǰɹԵʡ
һҪ֪ѩޱ˿뷨һпЦ֮С˵Ů˵ĵǺģòҲ⡣һںŷ١ܿԼ̸꿵ĽжôȥɵģǶȶԣѩޱҲûԩ
Ѿ֪ѩޱҵľλãһڶԷǰ¥ԼĿûʲôģټѩޱβ̫޴ԻǲҪԼµĺãöԷĳЩλ쳣֣ǿΪ쵼Ĺ
ѩޱԷǰ¥Ϊ쵼䵱һ»ʹߵĽɫأﲻмϲ֮СҪ֪һ¥ʵԭܺ쵽ӸȻгҲÿ
һѩޱſڵʱվһߣȶԷšѩޱԷţе㲻˼ǼӴ˽Ų¥ݵʱȣһſȥ
Ĺоϻæгѩޱͳӡ֤⻰ȷԡҪǷƽʱĻһûκ⣬ѩޱֻŶʮͣ˵һſ¥ݣĻҲκ⣬ǽ첻С
ѩޱһϮȹߵʱûκ⣬¥ĻҲǿǿһſ¥ݵĻɾͳˡǰһСĲȹ棬ڶһǰϴڱ͵һ˱ǰˤȥ
һ˿ڵȶԷţͻȻǰæʶضȥԷ䲻ʲô飬¥ݣҪˤһӵĻԹǺϵõͦ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ѩޱˤȥ֮ʱһһס˶Է֮ǰõȽϴ󣬾ҲѩޱһϾûˤȥһסΡ
һ֮ʱеѩޱͻȻ˵͵͵һӴƽʹе֮СһʱһĴӦ˹˿һƬղ鼱֮ûעʲôȴ쳣
ץڶԷϣ⻹ˣڸղȫţõȽϴصһץѩޱ޷ȻоʹǱ˳˾Կһµģڵ״̬ˣåĳ˵ƤȻһܺ񣬵᲻ɵҲһֻ֮С
һɿ֣˳ץסԷ˫ۣ
ѩޱ˿ҲβѣղһгԭҪΪǳʹȶԷɿԺ׹ԷȻղץǶˡҪλǵνһ㣬ԷռƵģ
ѩޱվԺС˵ллҡղûûǸ˼ֻǾеʹԡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺޲ҸطȥڱͷǳΣ벻ԷȻһٵôһ֪ͣӦԣֻýͰ͵˵ҸղֻǼˤһ鼱Բôģ㡭
ѩޱ˶ԷⲻײĽԺͷһƬհף֪ôش𣬹˺һᣬſ˵û£
˵⻰ԺѩޱȻѸٱתͳԿȥ
£û£⡭˼أѵǰʾ
һ汻Է⻰׵ˣ벻ѩޱȻҪͣĻ˵óڣת룬ԷӦò˼ֻһ˵ѡ
ղ˵ǻʱѩޱûע⣬ת֮ʣѸղŵķǰϵ룬ټǾ仰ʱڣɵ÷ͨ죬޲Ҹطȥ
ŴԺſվһᣬȻƿ߽ȥѩޱȡһʱ䣬ü΢ƽһ¡ںڵϹνҪǴ򿪵ƵĻöԷӣǷǳ˵ġ
һ˿ҲżԷһϣҲ⡣˴˿̶úΣͲƲҪ򿪣ʱղŵǼ飬Ρ


ھŰʮ ջ
ѩޱſĥһԺ󣬻һſЬԺ󣬱׼ֱȥģ뵽һûЬӻǱЬóһ˫ʽЬſڣֱȥ
һϴιʱ򣬶ԷûʽЬŴŵŮʿЬǱŤԼѩޱӡǲãܽ䷿һжˣЬ֮Ȼδˡ
˫ЬһѩޱģһŴرԷȻΪȥһ˫ʽЬһ뵽ʱе㲻ˡǲʲô⺬أ˵һźģ
һ߸棬ȥ̧ͷ֮ʣ͵ؿ̨ɹŵѩޱ䲻ʲô˾ӣӵĹѵμĵģ䵱ǰԵŮ˵ʱ
׼תƿߵʱǰ˺ϴһģһСΣ˿ʣֻɫһϴǷۺģǺɫġڵƹӳ£һĿ⼸ܽ䴩͸ɴ˿ɼСⱡҷǳ͸벻ѩޱĴ·ɱ洩ʱ֡Ըࡣ
һΣһֻǴҴһƳһĨۺ⣬ʵʲôҲûп塣ѩޱ棬ټĿһڣϸϸؽһʱˣԷӦÿҪˣջ̰Ŀ⡣
ղһԺǷӣȴʥ˵һԣʳɫҲŴʥͶô˵ֻһ鷲ӣȻˡ
һĹƻǴˣջĿãѩޱûдʵģɳϰѵӴһؿ
ѩޱôʱʵһ飬ͣˮϴǱˮḧ沿۵ĽǸо˵ˬ·Ҫʪĵ˼
˼ΣڻָȻеȺĸоپӲôˡһûʲôˣȲȵνԷֻҪȥͲ֪
ѩޱȥʱ򣬼һɳϿӣﲻɵһ׼ҲȥӣͻȻ糿ɹ̨ϵ·ûջղڹȥ֮ǰ뵽ģڻ˵㵭ױ˵ˮʱˣһżͰˡ
ѩޱע⵽òɫ˿£ſǸոջֱָúˡһλſ߹ܿ·ɶԷڿȥȴûһ㣬֪ô롣
ˣѩޱϴο˵һ⣬Ҫ˵ڶηĻ¶ԷҪһʺˣô֮ģǲǳôģ
ϴѾһˣѩޱҪö࣬ûߵɳֱ̧̨ȥŲ鿴̨ϽִĻᣬİԸص·ȥһĻͲ̫ˡ
ⱾŮ˼ҵ·ûʲôߵģֻϴһʱйһξָе㻳ġ
⵱Ȼѩޱ֮УҪ֪һιײԼõȻ˵ĻǺĹأŮʱҪһţǼ⣬Ҫڶʱ֮Ťתɲһ׵飬䵱ţǼйصʱ򣬸ˡ
һԺѩޱûΪһݲ裬תһ裬ڵǰĲ輸ϣɳ
һԺһ豭ᴵĲҶԺڲˮо⡣ǼƷһһھƷѩޱְ飬ԶȲŨ֪úݳĲȻĿζŨڲ㡣
һѲ豭Ժ̧ͷɨ˶ԷһۣȻ˵ѩޱллѽ
һڲ軹˵ʲôллѩޱˣⶫΪҲûʲô˹ϴʱҶûУ쵼£
һ˶ԷһۣȻ󿪿˵֪˵Ĳǲ飬ллˣ飬ФأǰҲˣѶĶӦҲˣţϵֻҪǿ͹۴ڵģһкۼֻҪץţһͻƵġ
һô˵һǶڹ־һ̬һҲ̽һѩޱþΪ˹־飬ƺҲûбҪȥԼϵϾϴڽʱûҪ
ѩޱһĻԺ󣬾þûпڣֻǵͷǲ˵ĳƲѡǲڸղǻĻٲһʲôʱѩޱͻȻ˵Һͱɩ֪鲻ףǶ˵ŵ飬Ҳ쵼СһԱǺǣҲ̫ϡ
һԷ⻰ʱһԲԵĸо˼Ѿ˵úܲȥ׷ʣʲôԭѩޱʣûʲôԭأʱҪ²̨ˡ
һⱭԺվˣʱ䲻ˣ˵̸Ķǹ£йŮһңܹ鲻̫ģټϸղſݵһĻ˿̶мּ¶֮С
ѩޱһ¥ԺĴڴĿͶԷĳſڴʻȥԺž˵ĸоڷ´һ˲䣬͵ظоزۡ۵ģʶԺﰵһһ㲻֪ϧôݣʹˡ
ѩޱתȥǰɽϻ᲻ѾһƬˣҪȻӦòôѽ


ھŰʮ ѵĵ
ѩޱʱһװһ˾ӵģ˳ԺŸоϾһֻˬ֮Сղ˵ݺݵץ˶Էزһѣźü·أ˵Ӧòĸоʱȴƫƫͳˣһе֮С
Դ̩Ժ͹˿ɮһ˵ϴӹʱĳЩõһЩͷţϾҲôʱɣỹе롣ʱһæʱ򣬸˲һ磬һϾټһһң˵һգһҲΪ
һʶȥ϶Уһ취ҪȻ´ٵѩޱʱ˵ֱȥҪ˼ҲԸĻгĶ飿
컹ǵú̸ϵһ£̩ܲܳһˡʱǳ࣬Ѳ£ֻöԷҸˣӦ̩ҲͰʮ·̣һˣǺܷġ̸һģǰ˵أ
ԶˮϾⲻ˽ʣһڿĹУȵĸоѩޱħǰƣǷزβһﰵ룬֪ͲȥˣοأԼܡ
ڶһϰԺһյ칫ҾͲ̸ͨ꿵ĵ绰
̸ԷһԺ󣬿ļˣ˵Ԫ֮ǰʡίУҪеУһ飬ʱȡȥ̩һߡ
һ󣬿ĲѣæʶԷڡ
̸ȴ˵ûжأȰųԺ绰ġ
ϰʱ䣬˲ܶģһȻǲᣬͶԷһټԺȻȻعҶ˵绰վߵͬʱԼ硢ӢڣȻ;ǾζҪһЩ׻˵Ʋɼá
˼ļԺֻͻȻһһϵĺ룬æ˽Էʱ绰һʲô鷢ʱӦû˯֮С
ȻһϣԷڵ绰лǿֻԺ󣬸˲СĶ½װޣģ׼ؼչгѡĵһվòƾ̩С
ϸһһ£ǲҲ̩иһֵ꣬ܺͶԷҺ֮ǰƶսҲìܣ˵Ҫ廪˲ʲô¡
һ⻰Ժһ£˵ϸ磬Ҳ֪ôģҾþҪֵĻ̩Ȼһõѡȫѡ񾭼øΪĳｭǳУ⾭÷ҾӦʲôģɱ͡ĿΪƣɲΪ˺˭أ
һ֮Ҫ̩иֵ꣬лǿģղǻ˵úתǿܹ˼
һĻԺ󣬳Ĭ˺һᣬſ˵һ˵ЩҶ֪Ҿǿлǿ˵ıƴ治֪ӽʲôˮҪֵôȥ̩ģĪ
ǺǣȻԿķ򲻶ˣǲɵ𣿡һЦ˵һᣬֲ㲻ÿںڱȺ˭εÿ˼𣿡
һĻ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵У¾˵ð죬̩пĵ̣Һúһӣģʲô鶼ӽϾҪ״ҾͲ⡣
һǺһЦͶԷԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
һ̩плǿԭˣһǺ֮ȪһԲŰ̩ˡģô˵лǿͷǣѵĵȻҲĵˣοһ֮Ȫ棬ûöԷĵ
Ȼ⣬һûҪżʱԲŲʡȻлǿ˽⣬ԷδضͻʲôӡϾûкͶԷֱԷ֮ѡ̩УΪ֮ȪĿɽԷог䲻⣬˵ŵĨ;ˡ
Ʋ֮Ȫϵ˵̩ȷʵǿĺõطҪľͲ̩еĳ˿ں;ʵӦвСĲ࣬ǱȳｭҲҪ߲١ûʲôϵĻǾöࡢ١
лǿйϵģ֮Ȫ֮һǲǻ֮ͨȪԪȡϵͲö֪ˣյǰֿӦòԪһ֮лǿĸԿ˵Ǹʡǲû볣λ죬ûдҪһϢ
һĻлǿԪҲûʲôˣҲȥֺġȻлǿȥĻԪǻԷӵģĹؼлǿǲܷŵʡӵӡ
һԪûвУֻҪлǿ̩һ뷽跨ظԷ¡ƲԷϵĶԹ̸ҲǻĹɶ֮һԷҵ˵ǳȥġ£Ҫõϰ
ڽһ棬һյϢһһ
ϢԼعԺ󣬺ܿ˵ŵǼŵܣհݶ̩дǩԼԪԺ󡣵ʱŵǼŵĶ¾ϯҲԼ̩вμǩԼʽһǿģԼʱ̩һǩԼʽ¡ضҡ


ھŰʮ ǩԼʽ
Ϣ̸ǰ̩ˣٽˣΪʡίУΣҲһ̯飬ûвμǸ顣һҲû˵ʲôϾΪأ̸꿺ܲ˼һ˵ʱĻһȥ̩С
һ绰ʱҪΪǰһѩޱ˴̼ʱæڹǷҪ󵹲̫ǿҵģԷһ˵е㲻˼æ˵öԷҪˡ
̸꿻ΪԷ˼ɣһòĻһĻҲͷˣϾˣָܽᡢʲôģǲ̫
֪ԼϢԺһڵһʱ֮źԪ˻㱨Ժ󣬴žյŵǻ˹˾ǩԼʽһֶڴ¶ǳӣٿһרⳣίᣬרۺǩԼصˡ
һϣʵѾû̫ϵˡ治ô㣬ĵһ˭ҪȥȻĻ¶¶ȻҲö˵ʲô
ֻһϢһǰһǾ֮ǩԼʡίίʡȪϯ
һֱһ֪֮ʡйϵǲͨ˭ζԷԱˡ
ʡȪһֱʡīߵúܽλҪ˶ˣ¬Ϣྩҵ϶ɽλ벿λսʡ˵ʡίǣһλֱӵʡʱûжۡ
ô˵ɽսʡͶȪĿռ䣬ֻڳʡλȥˡ䲻ܸһ֮ţȸһΪʡίǶչ˵ȸ
ʡί˵ȫʡĹñӣ֮Ÿոյ̩ǣҪһĻڶʱ֮ǲܵ顣ȪΪʡĻһЩϸ̩и֧չˣǶ˵֮ŷͲԭز
һ֮ᵽȪʱֻһֺ֮УԪϵıɾѿˣܼóˮһһ֮ǰֻ֪֮ʡбλϵҲ͵Էᵽ˳ʡȪپ֮С
г˼ҵĿɽǳʡѹһͷˣؼĶͷ˾ﲻòһЩ뷨ʡҪһг鷳̫򵥲ˣһĻƾʲô֮ŶأԪ붼һйĸо
֮ŽȪȻĿĵģʱȻ෽ŬЧǲԪ̩оӪ꣬ΪͷʵҪѹԷһͷĻ취ڽ°Լĺ̨׳ԶԷӦһã򿪾棬ᶨƵȥˡ
ǩԼʽĳﱸԪǣͷһϣʡ쵼֮ԸһĻҲǷֹȷˡ
һ֮ŵĻԺо˶ԷٵѹͷģҲֱӰԪһߣɴ˿ɼԪ̩е֮
һԺҲԼԺͶԷֵʱһҪ֮֮ΪίСģֻһгԪֱ¼ȻҪˡ
ӣһûٹʹǩԼʽ飬˵ȷҲҪ븺µģԪһ̫ϣ֡Ȼ˵ĻҲûбҪӲҪչȥϾĹٲˣûҪٴչȥӲͶԷҲûǱҪûбҪһ˰·߹⣬ñ·ߣĻ˶Լûʲôô
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һ磬ԼŵǼŵĶ¾ϯ׹ֱɻĹУȻת̩С
ǩԼʽһȫ̲ģһͣԼ͸⣬ʱǴһ۵Ľ䣬ơѩޱ죬Ҳǳ⡣
ǩԼʽǳ֣ص㶨ں̩棬ǳ֮ߣʡʡڴ֮ǰϸ˳һСʱĻ̸̩еί֮šгԪίѦںͳгһһ㡣
̸ǷǹٷģԴԱȽɣ˶Ȫ㹻⣬Ƕ̩ггһмӡ˵ŮֻҪг̩Уһֽ̩죬Ǿȫġ
ϸ⻰һ϶ڨڨ֮УһҲ֪ǸøлͷãǺãⲻǵֱӰڻϿһæ˵ϯ˼Ұȣλ쵼ŵǼŷģԼ˵ǰɣ
ԼҲ벻̩ɽȻ˵һ뷽跨Ĳأ벻һķӦҪ죬æ˳һĻ˵ǵģǵģ֮ǰѧϰ̩ƫڸЦ˰ɣȥԺǿϰ
ϸߵ෭һƣϰ˵ģһҲûôڵĴˡΪ飬ҲǼ˵ģֻ֪ˣǿǸϯĳôҲȥײȥ
̸Ժ󣬾ǩԼʽ̩дţԼŵǻ˹˾Эǩ֡˽֮ͬʣֽգ̨µļ߱㿪ʼæµͣ
ǩԼʽԺԼһֵİŮ˲ϸֻطϢˣ˵ǵȵʱٹʹһò͡
һϸֵŮӴɵöԼ֮ͬСŮ˺ѩޱȼֱһʩһΣϰΪݡλȴѡҲˡ


ھŰʮ Ůͻ
Ҫ˵ԼŮһһҲûʲô̫ϵǸŮ˱Ͼûʲô̫ϵԷʱֵһŮˣ׼ȷ˵һŮȴд۾֮СŮĹϵ̫ˣ˵һֱ׷Ѱ켣Ůյ顪衣
ҲΪ˹˼ɸָŮԼһ׹еʳϰߣǩԼʽԺ̩һƻᡣĹԱ˴ŵһЩԱ䵱ԱͮС
һȻǵϴһε绰˵ǵ̩дӦƸ飬ʱҲû̫ϣҶԷ˵֮ǰϵ벻ڶԷؾ͹ˡ
һЦһ֪һһϲġôȥˣ͵ոձҵʱģû̫ı䣬Ȼ˵ƯԸУǰĹ龫֡
һȻ߹ȥͶԷģȻǲ̫ʺϵģֻǳ˲ע֮ʣߵߵ˵ʱں̩ǰҵſڵ㣬л˵
һЦȻ˵ͷ
һ˶Էһ޺Цݣݺݵصһۡô飬ԷȻǰк˵͹ˣеһ֮ͻȻԼŸ߽ű߹ˣæӭȥ
֮ǰ˫˳ֵĽһ֪ԼΪŵǴŵĴڽڣᾭ׹̩֮䣬ʱ̹עһֵĽչԼӦලġ˵ˣһֵ飬Լ˵㡣£һȻעͶԷùϵˡ
ƻΪĵȻ֮źԪˣ֮ǰʡίίʡȪ֮Ԫ֮УǲˬһҲұ¶ԷϾٴһٲˬҲֻšϽһӣҲҸɫʡġ
μǩԼʽԺȪʡȥˡһĻԪԱ֮ǰࡣۻ᳡ϵ̩еĴ˶ĹϵԪһ̩һĸо֮һϸ̸Ц
ϸͣƻʱ㲻ŵǻ˹˾Ժ̩еҲԴɢˡҶⶼðŸƱȥģô£ӵڱ˵ˣһ뻹ûøϽҵطȥȥ
һ֮šԪߺ󣬱ıɣɣĿǰԣ˻гһ̵Ĵ˺̩Ժһ򣬱ɣɱȥǰʻ˴ԼԺ󣬾͵ſڡ
һɲѳɲͣˣȴûϨ̩̫ױ˿˵ӦһṦͻˣӵԷԺ͵뿪ٴĻ鷳
һһ֧Ժ͵һҪŮǶζð˳һ͵ؾһ˳һղں̩İȻůͣϳ֮ǰ¾ѾѳԤȺˣյú㣬Ҳ䡣͵һӴ򿪳޵ģ治һ䡣
ʡĶ²̫͵ģ̩ھýϣᾡѾźˣҲȶѡڱҲҳݵ飬ڵشýߣ̩еĶһĸо䵽ҹԺָоԽǿң˺ǲˬ
һ̸ճһ룬ͼһСɵӰӳ˹˵һˣ³ȣ߶Է
һṦ򣬱ɣɵĸʻűˣϳһؽеˣˣ̩бӦȡ
һ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵Ķ˵ôţ˵ȻӦůͣﻹҪ̩ܵأ
󣬲شһĻ˲磬һ˵ѽ磬ô죬ôѳţŶڳѽûµģɣˣ
⻰ԺһֻͷһȣԴ̩ԺûôůĵĻǸжѰһӣСֹһ䣬ˣ̿Բ飬ӸǺˡ
ԳһЦȻһ˫ص磬ã
ȣȿȣˣ裬סĶһʵ֪вٹصģзǳֻǶĻʲôıȽϲ治ϣסǶ
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£¾Сһʧ˵
磬ôˣ㲻ҲסǶɣ軵Цҿ鳤˵סںɽׯǶǱѵǽߣ
һǶԷ֮⣬æһ˵ʱ̩иΪ׼׷ӣһǺɽׯģһ׾¾С֪ס⣬ҵʱ¾ˣ֮˴ҲиӦ
һ⻰٣ղ֮ôӦҪΪѩޱҲסǶȻܰ˵Ǿý̩ʱϻ˳
һһ˵Ҳе㲻˼ЦҪȥɽׯ¾Сôûһش˵УҪĻ鳤ˡ
һһû׶ԷĻһãȻؿ衣
״Ц˵ںͮסһҪҺĻǱͮͬˣĻ鳤Ȼˡ
һ˶ԷĽͣһֿЦ֮У֪ٺСӳȥˡҪ˵Ļָ˵ʲô׵۳أʻԺ󣬱ɣɻʻ˳ȥ


ھŰʮ VS
̩¾СҲʮҵĳ̣ϣ䣬·ϸûʲô˺ͳһṦ򣬱ɣɾͽ¾Сš
ڽС棬һѳ
֮ǰһѾˣͮס¾С9¥Ԫ208ҡ9¥6¥ĺ棬Ҳ˵һıɣɱ봩ѩޱסĵطܵļҡ
ոչչһͷ塢¥֮ͨϺͣһҿӺиɣɡܷ˳٣ɣɸǰʱ򣬻Ǻ͸մӳѩޱײһš
˵ڣ¾С̻Ǻܲģһ˸մӳѩޱͬѩޱҲڱɣһ
һپ֮У֮һףʱһƯŮС˲ɡҪˣһ㣬ƫƫǰʱպСѩޱһԿĸо
ڶԷѩޱпΪһĴܲǰ컹壬ֹ˴ƻϷŮӣƷδе̫ˡ
ʱõİ취ǱÿѾˣҪŤͷߵĻǸ˵ͳϵŮйϵô᲻Ҽˣǿǵ͵Ĵ˵һ˿ǽѣֻӲͷƤǰк
ѩޱԶͿһĳˣɣɻǷǳϤģ˵ͬɣɵǣһĳҪ࣬ԶͿԿˡôԵϲġ
ʼʱһĳʱ򿪵˺֣ȿԷĸʻϻһŮʱ͸ˣΪŮһõɫףǸղЩӭС㴩ġ
Ҫ˵һô͹һղǷŮѩޱе㲻šӡУԷӦòôŵ򼸴κʱӦòıֵġ
ԷĳԽԽѩޱﲻţìܡֱŤͷ߿ŵһȿһԷı֡ҪһкĻӦòҪǶԷ޶ãֱӰѳߵĻǾ˵Ů֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬򲻻кġ
ѩޱԥ֮ʣһ˳Цʺѩޱ鳤ջѽѽ
г࣬ôˣû˵ϻؼأѩޱѿڶ
⻰Ժ͸о˲ԾĴⲻҪ˵ˣԼܸܵõ˼ҺԼûаëǮĹϵԸ˭ؼҰʲô飬Եʲôɴأ
һ˶ԷĻԺ󣬴󾽲ѣæ˵ҵãڴŹҲǸ֪Ծˡ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬺޲ҸضȥãȻҲ˷ɴףһӲ֪ӦˡͷԺһףһЦ˵гæʱ䲻ˣģ
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⻰Ժ¶˼Ц漴˵ֻһ˵ôŸı˵˰ɣҿҲе˼ɲҪѽ¸£
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ھŰʮ ֵ
һתͷﰵ飬ͶԷ֮䵽ĿǰΪֹֻͨͬ¹ϵԷôܰԵڴ۲ĳǲǳԱ˳ˡ뵽ԺЦҽһţɣɵķʱ漴ٵǰȥ
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ʱѩޱҼˣæһף˭֪ͣȻһƨֱӵ˵ذϡ
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һڳʱ򣬴޶һȥ˷ʳСô˵˵껹Ҫݵġæ֣ͬҲæǳȥģõ
ŮСӽ飬֣ͺ÷׼ģһ绰ȥǲҪˡΪģڼ䣬ҶæûҪǶٸһˡ֣ŮһȰҲʹ˹뷨ˣӸ׼ĸһ绰ʾǸ⣬ͬʱŮǳ顣
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Է˵ܼһҲûʲô飬һԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰һоĹ죬룬绰ƴ˹ȥöԷİ칫ҡ
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һʻԺ漴˵λˣ÷ʡίʵٱܴ󻪵ز̵ǮʮԪΪؾṩĻϢʡίĵһѾ
˵ԺֲҲǽһ֪Ϣϵģֻһֱͨ
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£ȥϵһ֣˵ͷβ⼸꣬ϵķչǱ㣬ȥ꣬ĻпıȸгõλáҲǳ˵ģһա


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ҲǺøԶ֮ˣ֪ΪΪ֮ɵӲŻ顣һһԺ󣬿˵һе̫ͻȻˣӦѶȲСʵڲеĻҲҪǿ
Ȼûֱӻشһղŵʻ˵ҲڱʾԸȥϵʹ˵ĻҲ֪һίҲô׵飬ԲŻиղŵǷ˵ǡ
һ⻰Ժ˵ѽȷʵô׵飬Ҳֻһŵ˼·󾿾ܲܳɣ˵ʵҲһҲûУҲ֪ǲµʱ̫ˡ
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һƵĻԺҲվС˵ȵȣ
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Ʋ֪һôĿģǸڶԷϵ˵гȸˣأ˵⻰ʱͬҲܴ
һص칫Ժֱһƨɳϡ֮ͻȻҪٿίᣬͨλŵ⣬һ۸гѡ˵էһе֮˭֪λˣȻĻȻҪΪǿˡ
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ٴ֮ŵĽǶ˵ȻָһĸгܻԪʲôѹƽ޹ʵ̵һʵְûоܾĵ˵ϵίǵλãȻҲ˼ȥԪˣϾһλãҲе̫̰ˡ
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ң֮׼ʱ˳ίҵſڡһע⵽˺֮ʣ֮ŵ۾Ԫǿһۣ漴΢΢˵ͷȻ΢Сһȴһ㲻©ȫԤϵĲ࣬ǺгҪһ˫ˣҪԵľܱ֮ǰеĻҪѡ
һ֮뵽˿ܻкΪô˫档ԪгλȻǲ̫ܵģ֮ҪλãûԪ֧֣Ҳ̫ܡһĻ˫ֻнкˡ
֮Ŵ˿̶ԲλУ鲻һˬǰʱһĺһͷڴźŵǻ˹˾ЭѾǩˣ˵ǸհԶ⻹ϽľһʵʵشԪϣһˬ˵á
벻ڹڼ䣬ȻкϢλǸɵƾȻһиǱ߿ʱҧˣ˵ܱǮƣҸŮϵóӲ֤ݡ˴ĸгʹʸԺʡίͽ˵飬ˣԲз̵Ļᡣ
̩֮ʱ֮žѾˣгλźʩΪԪұۣβ֣Էͷһ첲ȻӦÿġ
ȷϢĵԭԴлʳŴƵŻյ˰Сʱ֮á˵Ů˵ˣڴȴŮһУһ֮ܶ࣬źüΪʹ֮
ԴŴƳԺ󣬻վͳ֮ŵĹˣԷ̩Ժͨϵŵξ档


ھŰʮ 
̩гһ̩ǿξ⣬Ҳûĵطˡһξ־һеõ۵ĲţֻеĵʱŻȥî
ξֳ֪ıⲻҹҪʱʱ밲ûյĵõ˼㣬ξֵ˶Ϊ̫ϾֳĳƺԺŭϲĵʲôƵġ
һҹڸԺ󣬵ڶһ磬֮žȻյ˸˷ܵϢԪȻ绰˵һһۣҲơ֪֮ԪôȻֻǳԶٷô򵥡
ȻҶƵɸԺԪֱ˵⡣Է֮ЦòУϻҪװӲһһϸĿԺ˿ڡ
ԪʱԷװƵﲻˬ˼㣬ʲô취أ˭Լµ˲˼ʱôҲȥǻĹϻ˵ģ£ܲͷ
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֮ŸղŽһףкݺݴԪ˵ҪкóֵʱǾġһгǶԷ³飬Ҫⷢһ£Ҳ̫ԲôõĻˡ
Ԫ֮ŵĻԺǲˬҲ޿κΡԷĻȻڱκ⣬£ֻжװӣ۾װϹˡ
һ֮ŵǷﰵһô˵֮źԪ˺мķ϶ǷǳģҪǺؼõĻϵһֵλûǺпܵġ
ίǿڽλʱǳϸҪԴڸղ֮ŵָʾΪǽɣĹ۵һֱıǿƣ͵ıߡڵԣ֮˰ٷ֮ٵҪǲϽʾõĻܾûˡ
ǿڷԵǺãһһҲûȥڿһβʵԼĿꡣλŶ̩˵ѾһȥʽˣûҪϻˣݲҪעġ
ǿķԽԺ֮еĳί̸ԼĿʱʲô˵أ޷ǾǴһλţ˵Լʶ˵˵ĺǷһ£֪ˡ
ֵԪԵʱ̸˶µʶ⣬̵Ϊһ֣µĸг飬ȷʵһεġӱܡҶĻϣԪ֪еĵñȽ̵ġ
֮Ԫ˵Ժæ˻ͷ˵гղŵĻе֮ˡλ˵Ǹгֻ˵飬ͬ־ûκιϵʡίͬ־ҲϿ˵ġ̩һλͬ־Ĵ£ʱȡõĳɼǷǳϲ˵ġҪгڳеʶҲʲôǶԼҲûбҪ˵ǰɣ
֮ŵĻ֪⣬˶д۾֮С֮ų̩ʱ򣬱ַǳ͵ʱ䲻¶ݡ쵼С飬ͺݺݿԪһѡ
˵£Ӧñ֮ǰɣҵĽԪƵǽȥԴ˴ﵽǿίȨĿġôԪһʾοԷˣе̫ˡ
һȻ֮ǰ˺񣬵Ҳµһţر֮ŵ⻰Ժǰٷ֮ٵȷˡ֮Ҫûк֮ǾԲᷴοԪģǿɺݺܲ
Ԫ֮ŵĻԺȻټʵʲôˡ֮Ÿղ˵ǷĿģ޷Ǿ͸ͷû˼ԷĻ˫ֵ˺áڼ֮ŷͷοˣȻûҪϷˡ
СԺ֮ɨȫһȻ˵λŵ鲻ǽҪ۵⣬ϼίѾ飬ֻҪصϹˡ
˵⻰˵עйˣλŻʲô³κζûйϵ˵Ĵ˲ֱӴһгĵ̨еõô˵ߡ˸ԺҲ̵һǰˮʲôҲòѿϷҲǲѡ
֮ż˵עеˣ¶һ˿Ц⣬豭˺һڲ裬˵λŵԺ󣬶ĹһӰġ֮ǰҺгһ£бҪһгѡҪǵȵʡ쵼ʴµʱǿɾԵǵĹˡҶ˵һ˵˭Ƚʺϵλá
֮ŵ仰ȥйоصģϢȴǳȣ֮ԼҪ۸гѡԭǾǷֹʡֱӲ飬ĻɾͶ˵Ǩ֮·ˡΣ֮ǰѾԪˣ˼Ҳ˲Ҫʲô˼һˣҪ뷨δҲ̫һ㡣
˵Ժͣ٣˵һгص㿼һ£Ǹѡ֣ǵҪ


ھŰʮ 
֮ŵĿȻᵽгһгҶóһȫǸԪĵġʱ򣬴ﲻһʣѵ֮žλøԪˣĻӦòô󷽡
һ֮ŵĻԺ˹֮ڽԪĿ˵ˡɴ˿ɼ֮ǰȷʵϸµ򲻿СϸڶǵˡҪλĻһҪ취ˣôͰĸĻ΢΢
ԺһԥˣеĲ豭һţһʱ᳡Ƿǳһ쳣춯˵ע˹
һ˵Ȼ೤ѾˣҾ˵䣬Ҳשˣв֮Ҷ
һĻ˶ɵ֮Уλƽʱȥôôأ˵ղ֮ôԵĻֻһĶѣ˼˼Ԫ˵
һֿ·ɱĳҧ𣬶һԺ˾һεɫ֮ţеԼ죬Ҫѡһгĸִأⲻǵ͵ûѾˣܲڰ˵ڵĻջɣûô
˵ǻԺһ֮źԪλƳһۣλƵıԺӼᶨˮȷԡȻѾ׵ˣҺҳƣӦԣ˵һܴȵļƻһĻյĽΣǿɾ˵ѽˡ
һ˲죬˵Ҳλͬ־ʲô飬ҵ̩еʱӴͬ־һĹģں׹ŵǻ˹˾Ĵ̸棬Ƕ˲Խģ˳ǩԼҲһݹ͡˽˵ĽǶȳҶͬ־Ƿǳлġ
һŷԣ͹ô˲ˣһΪλ˵û͸˲ˣԷʲôأ
ղţ֮źԪԵʱ򣬶ֱλһȴһһͬ־Ȼȥе̶ϸûκ⣬λŽǽ֯ĵ飬ûб׷ΣȻԳΪͬ־ֻ˲Ըôаˡ
һ˵Ժֻͣһᣬ˵Ҹղ˵ⷬĿĲΪ˸λźԩǵһԭǹֿȻڵ͹飬ǾӦܵͷ೤ղ˵úҪѡǷֹ̩йҵƼȷ湤ĸгѡһҪȫеĹҵƼǳ˽ģǸõĿչгҵ˵Ӧûɣ
Ԫһէһʣеסˣ漴ع˵һг˵ûκ⣬˵
ԪҲɵӣһôһ䣬ֻص˸гѡ棬Ȼ֪ԷǶλ뷨Ȼ֮ǰѾ֮ˣῴίǳ̨ϷȻҪɿʲôģҪȻҲԸ
Ȼκҵ֮ţҲǲѶΪ֮˭ԸؿԼϵʵְλñֶȥڿҪ֣˵ȫ֧֣ǿԵġһܴ֮ŵĿ⣬ܸԷҲһ顣
֮ȻҲóһ˼ȴڳֹղöԷ˵ģ˼ҿˣȴֹⲻǵ͵ĳǲˬȴòɶԷȥ
һȻ֮źǲˬҪ˵Ļ治̫˵˼ֲ֪ҪԪĿ˵ҪѡȻ˼һ㿪ˡҲִǴ˵㻹ʲôòأ
֮Ŵ˿̵ǶԪмֲղһѯʵʱȫл϶ԷĻͷûôȥȴԷ˵ȥ
һҲ֪Ҹղô˵ĿģѵҲ֪𣿲֪߲֣֪ߣȴںɿֵˣ뵽ʱ֮źݺݵصԪһۡ
Ԫ֮ͨŵıо˶Է˿еĲˬղ㲻ǱҵͷҲҵ㲻ʹ죬˫ƽˡ
һԪĻԺ󣬷ģղȻһʣʵһķյġԷҪǲ˳Ļ˵ֱӽϣҪ½ӣɾˣҲﲻЧˡ
֮ԸֱԪʣǾöԷӦûͬĻ֪Ԫ֮Ž˺гǴڴλϵġһǿƵ˵̵ģֻҪվ֮ŷսǲԷ䵱ȻԱġ
һȥѣʵֻҪסһģǺ׵óģǾԪͷ߾͹֮ĵؽкġߵһȫòĺֻҪܵ㹻ĸżп̡
һͣ˰Ժ󣬼˵ڸղŵǸǰ£Ҿ鳤ͬ־ǳʺϳܹҵͿƼĸгһֱŹҶĹҵƼȷǳϤ
ǰһѵ̵棬˵ѡʱһȴǳɴ࣬˵⻰Ժס˻ͷȻϵĲ豭˴ˮϵĲҶƷ·ղŵһûаϵƵġ
֮żһ˵ˣ˿Բڣȴװƣǿ˵һгѡͬ־θгͬ־ôгҲ˵˵λӦзȨġ


ھŰʮ б¼װ
֮±һһϣϵίǲ̹λ뷨գԲһ䣬ԪλзȨġ֮ǰѾˣԪ飬֮İ壬»Ͷˡ
һͻȻӰ·ɱ鳤ƣҲǷǳоģ£֮ŲŸҪԪ֧֡
Ԫһ˵һԺ󣬻Ͳµ˶ԷƲ졢֮˽̸Ҳȷʵǲѡˣߵˣٱ֮Ĳ̹Ҫܡ
̶̵һ˲䣬ԪͷԿʼֻҪ֧һƾԲгûбҪű̬ҲҪ֮ųһ亹ȵҪͶƱʱٱ̬һĻһ棬ԳԳҪԣһ棬ҲԻسһ֮ŵ
˸߶ԷҪΪίǣûҵ֧֣һг㲻Ժҵǰɪúá
뷨ԺԪƴǵһ˼ͬ־ಿ֯ʲô
Ԫذᵽ֯Ľ¡ղ֮˵гǸֵģ֯ĽǶȳ֯ǹܸɲģ˵гʡܸɲί֯нȨġ
Ԫô˵һΪҪĿģǾֻһһ֮ţĺͶԷַһĻûʲôô֪֮ŵˣߵԷҲΪѲ̹˵ԪҲŪɳ׾Źôȥġ
⻰Ժǲ⣬̧ͷ֮һۣ˼ʶԷ֮ǰĳģݵһ
֮Ŵ˿Ѿ˲ϺԪˣæżһͷȻԪԸ⿪ڣֻԼ˵̹ˣĻλüпܾͻ䵽һˡ
һѼ˵ıһһǳҸղŵĹϡյĽΣ֮Ԫ֮Ѿ˸ңһĿѾﵽˡĿʵǸгǲ̹µϵίǵλãô˵ָ
һ£ԪԴ֮ţһֵλʱ֮Żȫ֧ҪĻǲŽм˹أ
Ȼʲô״Ȼϴʾˣ͵üִС̧ͷһۣȻ󿪿˵λųԺ󣬱Ŷҵ̬ȣ֯Ҳһѡλ쵼顣
˵Ժͣ٣Ȼ˵ҿϵίǲ̹ͬ־ôͬ־Ҷģ⼸꣬ϵĴȡ˲׵ĳɼ֮ǰ￪չ칤ʱĺͺܸߣΪһЩԭ򣬲ΡڼĻᣬ֯ÿԿǰѲ̹ͬ־
˵Ժ󣬳Ŵҵ˵ͷʾ˵ˡ
Դ֮ŵ̩Ժ󣬼ȥѾΪԷµĺ߹֮һһί鳤߳ɽܣǴҶ֪顣ڼ˵ֱӣ˶֪ˣ֮ŵ˼ϵʱǼϵĲ̹֮ŵİ칫ܣϵһ͸ˡ
֮ŵȼ˵Ժ˵ղһги鳤ͬ־֯ϵĲ̹ͬ־ڴͬ־һ룬Ȼ˵˵ԵĿ
֮˵⻰ʱԪǿһۣ˼ϣԷվ˵䣬»㶨ˣʡҹζࡣ
ԪѾ˵ʱ̲ſڵͷҪԣȻ֮ŵİʾֵ֧ƵǩֱڱʼǱдʲôȥһ쳣
֮żԷкӦҲûа취ֻõͷҲװһ˼ģ̶̵ļԺ̧ͷŸ߳ɽʹһɫһᷢԵʱһ㣬ٳʲô⣬Ļɾˡ
һԺ֮žôҳˣڸ߳ɽ˵Ժ󣬻᳡һ˳Ĭ֮߾ֻˣҶѾֱ𿪹ˣһߵǻһǿ˿Ҳûпڵ˼
˵ͬ־һڵطкٷԴϴοʱ֧һԺ󣬽ҪٿڵĻҵ⡣ǿûпڵԭǸղ֮ôһʱһǿһۣԷ΢΢ҡҡͷȻôĿģȻԷѾȷʾˣȻڵġ
ʣµ˳ǽģԪߵˡ֮֮ǰһԪ̬ܾˣ˿ѦڡᡢκŵȻ˳㿪ڡϴôԭǻûв͸ǲ͵ġ
˵ίǳԶͼίǿȻ֮ŵ˼ûо֮ǰǾԲῪȷ̬ģûǽǽе׵Ķ
֮Ŵ˿Ƶ˼㣬ԪŮһһʺһ顣һǵ͵Զţ֮ǰȷϺԺڵҪڵʱȻװư̫ͣɺˡ
Ԫ˿̵עȫһϣҲƣղŲȲôϢˣѵǴ˵еJǹͷпáѾ˶ˣָˣֻϣһȿڣȻýȥҸ̨׸Լһ¡
һ豭һڣȻǰŲŲԪˣǶԷ׼ԵףﰵСӣұģ˵㣬б¼װѽߣ


ھŰʮ 
Ԫµûһȷʵ׼ˣǾõʱҲˣ֮ϵıȸղ࣬ٱȥĻû˼ˣһпŪɳ׾
еĲ豭һţȻһ˵೤ͬ־ǣ˵䡣⻰һ˵עеһϣ֮ɫԪһЦ֮Ա
˵꿪Ժһûгɣ˵ղಿͳɽ鳤ĻҲϵĲ̹ͬ־ʺϳгһְҪɲ̹ͬ־θгͬ־ȥϵĿȱ೤ͬ־ǣҿΣ
һ˵Ծ̫ǿ˻ûл֮ȴѾˣ˵һгѽ˼άǻԾ취˸г⣬ϵⶼˣҿУҿأ
֮һȷʵճίϵĹأһ㶼˵ܽᣬǷ֮һ£г飬ǶѾȷ̬ˣѵ˻ܵ˵Ļɾе̫ˡ
֮ŵ⻰һࡢ߳ɽܺǿͣλǽҲʾͬʣµ˶۾ԪǶΨԷհģᵱȻϴ󷢻ˡ
ԪǰľסˣһղŻڴг⣬ôתۼһֱϵϴλãòǣȻ˶ʾ֧֡ԷԣټµˣҲƱѣŤתǬ
֮ſԪһʧı飬ﰵģղӣҪҾͲ
Ԫһҵ˼붷Ժ˵ȷʵұʾ֧֡ϴѾô˵ˣѦڵȻҲʲôˣ׷ױʾ֧֡
֮ż󣬿ĵ˵У¾ˡڿǰҾ˵гȨʡֻнȨʡ쵼Ҳһǵطͬ־ĸܵġͿɣɢᣡ
˵⻰Ժ֮վûκֱͣתȥ˸һṦ򣬸ղŻ˵ĻʣԪһ˹ϣơ
һֱڣԪȻûлع⾿ô£׼һ֮Žģô͵һӾͷͻ䣬ղûпóϷѾֵίǾȻôˣ̫ˡ
Ԫһ֧̣ϸ˼һŻ֮ŶһСӵĵ֮ջһгʵҲһŪڹ֮䡣
һһʼƵθгʱʵһӣĿľΪʹ֮֮ĺѺۣȻٺ֮ЭմﵽϵίǵĿġ
ģ㣬ȻϹ۾ˣһСӣҪǲģĲΪˣԪ˹
ص칫Ժһѳίϵƣ֪ԷһǳĴʱֻӲ˼ѯʶѡȻ˵ĻûҪҴˡֻҪͨˣʡǾԲκġ¬ʡί֯ϴֻҪ̩е飬ûкͶԷкһ̵ƷС
һĻԺǿġһ˼Ҳˣг˵˵һ㣬Ҫ˵ʵݵĻίǡϵίǣǿʵʵڵһ֣Լ˵㣬ָоһ˵ĸгҪǿࡣٴӳԶĽǶ˵ҪǼǨĻûڵطһֵľǷǳҪġ
˵ԣϵίǾҪȵθг壬γίϵҲΪעӵһĵ绰ԺһĲŵ˶档
һԺȥ̩ϵΣϵԭίǲ̹Ϊ̩еθгλŵҲˣڵθгڼ䣬ǰǮﹲƽԪһһٶĲƲ޷˵ԴʡίЩʵԺѾƽ˾أþͻо
ȥϵ֮ǰһһ̸λ֮以ཻΪٵĵáһѶԷͮ⣬ϾյϵǶǺ˽⣬ټϲ̹˹٣һҪ͵¡
ƸһѾ˼ƽϣʱͮĵشڴ湤˵ʱ̸
ԷʶһǺܸ˵ģһҪڹٳȡò׵ĳɼ͵ѹĳЩյĽпλһҪǴϴγԺܹһ㣬ڽΪľء
½ĸг̹εĵһ죬ȰݷԪһλ۾ϸСֻһңҷǳˣһӡͦģȥһҲίǳĸг
λŵĵ̨˲̹ź̵˺ô⣬ѩޱҲջ˳ΪиΣ˵ʱûбΪ鳤˶ܿóⲻǸʱѡ
Ҫ˵Ľʵøлһˣ˲һԪԷ׼ί鳤и鳤˭֪˼Ҳ⣬еͷղ˳ˮۣѩޱ
ѩޱԴ˲֪飬ΪһںͦҲûȥԷǶֻ֤ĬĬʲôʱһգȥͱɩһ£ǲǿ԰ѱµǸøһ
ʱ䣬һǸ֮Ͼ飬˵úôĿǰһӦһεˡ


ھŰʮ ȥ¬
һ磬һյ칫ңѩޱͽˡ
һ΢΢һЦȻ󿪿ʵгˣ㿴ȥĶ
֮ԴӾ˽½Ժ󣬹ϵ࣬һĲ£ƲŵԿսϵΪѩޱŲλáһĻ֮û˵ĳ˵ࡣ
һһ£ѩޱ˵ȥ¬ؿɣϴķʱ˵ǱߵĽɫݣҾûͦġǾȥʶһ£ǲ˵ǰг
ѩޱһĻסˣʱ䣬һļأеصڹҵһ顣쵽¬صûʲô⣬ԷôͻȻ˵ɫݣòƺ͹ҵ¡
ʣѩޱһĻȥˡΪڵһԱΪ쵼˼ûйϵֻҪ۲۵ȥִоˡҪ쵼ģ㶼ܲ͸ǻô쵼ˮƽأ
˿̣һ̩ѾһĻȨΪгڶʱ֮ڣѾ֪ˣ̤̤ʵʵˡù˧һȻҲףͷ棬ȴԼ뷨
ҵչȻطõķչܴͬﵽĿģץõĳǸݵطص˵ȥչĿһѷȥǸɵĻǲϾ÷չɵģҪԵȡóɹĻҲǲܵġ
һ֮ȥ¬ؿɫݣΪԴϴƺºɽԺһֱһ뷨Ǿ̩пĿº˵ⶫǰڵͶȻϴ󣬵ֻҪһЧĻǿǳþõ顣
Ϊгһ۽Ҫºϰࡣ㷽ɽһĿĻһյο͡˼ôԶͿһ㣬һ̫֣˭أмĿһߣγһĹģʱЧɾͲһˡ
֮ѡȥ¬أΪϴν¬ίķ㱨ʱ򣬰ɫݵص㹤㱨ģ˵ģӦѾһĹģȥӦܿһ
׼ֱȥһϵķɽ߽ϵ̩ܲطһ㶯ܸʵʩĻǿһֱʣһмڴ֮У֮ǰ׼Ҫ
ѩޱȥӦ׼Ժһ͵Ȼһɳһ㶯ǾбҪѷֹܽεĸгκϡͶ뵽ʵʩ׶εĻԷ޿䵽ʱϤģһʼš
Ժһһ绰κ˵׻ȻʶԷûʲôš
κ䲻֪һôʵĿģʱλгķͷɲʱǵöԷˣֱӻشûаš
һԷʶȤҲûм̽ʲôģֱӰöԷһȥе˵˳
κе㷸Ժˣ֪һڵȫеĹҵչ״˸ҲѽںһȥʲôĿأɶͷԵĸоκһڴӦ
һ߶ԷҲţŵ¥½ϣȻһ
Ҷκĵ绰Ժһ绰ѩޱ˹ȥöԷСҪһ߶ԷѾ֪ͨκʱһȥ
ѩޱһĻ˶Է׼΢˽ʲôģҪȻĻ˷Ըֻ֮ðһһûűɣɹȥһĻһ͹ˡ
˵һκһμӣѩޱܹ⡣ղŶԷѾ˵ȥ¬ؿɫݵһʱ䣬гпܻŵһĻκͳ˳µˡ
κǾŵʮģ֮ǰѩޱѾˣԷԺæǰкͬΪŮͬ־ѩޱλӻһһŮгǷǳġ
κѾʮͷˣüãȥҲʮͣڷ̴Ůˡڳ쵼λϣö֮ǷݶصʣһŮԼԺ󣬶һֺ֮С
ѩޱ̬Ⱥǹκﻹͦģʱ䣬ǰλŮοǺмּʡýһᣬͶԷ׽׽˵ķչ
ͬһ£κѩޱͳгһ֮ĹϵʱҲڿǲҿôó޸ĸƼһ㣬ܹе㲻̤ʵ
һǾŵ׼ʱģκѾһߵˣﻹǺġλŮгɱλ֮ϵˣ֪쵼˵ֲЦˣһĻȻҲ˼һ¡
κ˵׻Ժһ˵˽Ŀĵأȥ¬صнɫݵ
κԷһ˵еˣòƺֹܵմߣԶԷŽ״ԺκûʲôõĵˣֻһĹУǶͷ˾ĹղˡҲѹ֣ûʲǫ̂Ůͬ־ֻСĽһ㣬ڳ;·ߵøԶһ㡣
֪һܶҵ˼κҲˡԪ֮԰ξֹֻܣΪһˮԵˮš
ξֳͷ͵߿࣬˵ʲôģξֵҽƷѺͲ÷Ѷû취˼ҾֳȻֹгˡ


ھŰʮ 
κȻǲˬҲö˵ʲôջĹĹٳһһϻ㱨˼ҵ߷ûκ⡣κµյˣȥԪǶ˵µġ
ξֱһѲ׾˾˲Ĳţ˵Žˣг㱨ʱ仹֪ǲܼóء
ʵҲ֪ôΪһ֮ھﲻĻҪĺǵġּǸ飬ˣ˵Σ쵼ôǾͲܾˡ
ƵǣͲϰְŵߵĲţĻᣬϾֳλãڿǳӶˣʹҲǲܵġ
ξ־ΪǶûʲô飬ټûʲô˺ȥôã쵱Ŭһδܴﵽĸ߶ȣҪŲطĻǿǡȻʵʵ뷨ڻٵԺҲһ
һϳԺǾ¬ضȥˡ¬̩ߵһأʮ๫⻹ǵ¬سľ롣Ҫȥߣһʮ๫ľ롣Ҳ˵ǹҪһٹҵ·ûи٣һСʱܵĿĵؾͲˡһžŵΪڷǰϵǶʱۿһ罭¬ؽɫݵľӪ
·ԺһĿڿȫĿϿ顣֮ǰԺѾˣֻǰʱȽ϶࣬ûй˵ϡʱ˼Ժһ̩еĹҵ״ͦģҪڶдĻȻҲǲܵģ¾񴬲һĿĻҲûУһֻ辶ˡ
֮ĵȥ¬أ˵ʵίķ㱨еûס˵ģĿǰ¬صĽɫѾγһ㡢𵶵ۣǴﵽ˻𱬵ĳ̶ȡһ۸񲻷ƣԶ֮
һ̩ʱ䣬˵˹ڽ¬ؽɫݵ飬вܹȥԡ
£˵һӦûķĻŶԣ㲻ԾĵطһȻ飬˵Ҫ㱨ĻҲӦǽ¬صسŶԣֱΪֹһûмλس棻ͽھýǷǳϡ֣ټúܡɲͬںСϺǿǺӿ洦ܼġҪôȥԵĻĶȥôȥ
ǣһžһ΢˽á֪ͨ¬ص˴ĵعȥĻʲôҲҪΪһӻˣӦȡķ˵ָơ
һͷڳ⣬κѩޱȴĵúǿġĲβ࣬ȻһЩŮ˷湲ͬĻ⣬һڳСؽţʱʱػһЦ
һԺκѩޱСʵѩޱӣ쵼ȥ¬ǲʲô뷨
ѩޱκʻԺһҲ֣һġ족֣̩еίѾǹˡ֪һκʱ⣬ԷȻûʲôףԳѯҲ֮ˡ
˶Է⻰Ժѩޱе㷸ˡһôڣֻ˵еûӶԷ˵Ȼſڿӡ˵֪ĻκһΪӡ
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ѩޱһ£Ц˵㣬Ҳ糿֪ȥ¬صģ˵гǲʲô뷨һ治
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κѩޱһԺϵıָֻ֮ǰˣ΢ЦؿѩޱȻ˵Ҳôģ쵼˼㴧ĦģҪʲôϢĻʱ֪ͨһԺǾǺýˣһ㣬Ӧûʲôɣ
ѩޱ˶ԷĻԺһæ˵㣬˵ģԸչӣǿ֮õ飬ôܻᷴͷʲôأǰ컹ȥǻ㱨һ¹ģȥˣһֱûҵᣬൣ
κ֪ѩޱſڿӣʱȻȥѧУߣ󲿷ʱ仹Ǵڰ칫ģѹԷӰҲûмšˣԷ̬ȣﻹǺܿĵģæ˵ӣ˵ʲôпյǽ죬̸ʲô㱨ѽ
ѩޱ⻰ԺЦ˵Ժ;İ칫ˣʱɱҷѽ
κЦŵ˵ͷ˿Ȼûд⣬ǲǸվһһԿ϶ѩޱùϵԣԲʲôһЩ벻ջ
־뿪Ժ˶ѩޱˣ벻̶̼µʱ䣬ȻһԾΪиΣʵʵڵ˶д۾֮СһĳֺǰǸкܴϵȻ˵Ļκûǲһ˸ùϵġ


ھŰʮ Ա
һκѩޱ¬ؽʱ򣬻ûеʮһ㡣¬صν߷ҪٽĽͽ磬ĹģԽСҪںͽ罻ӵһƬؽ硣
ʵһޣԻСǰǵʱŵ㣬ö֮˹̶ľ񣬵ľ˼һԴΪ
ʮڣһҸ˷ݣϺǴӾýִģζǳ쳣𱬡˼ҼȻҲ׷Ч£ǽ߷ݵԽԽ࣬ģԽԽͬ۸ҲԽԽߡ
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˽ԺһȻڽ絢󹤷ˣκѩޱϳֱȥ
˳ŽֱһԺǾͽ˽ĵؽ硣޵һûŶ·ǰʻԼСʱԺ¾˵Ѿһ·ˡ
һ󣬱ûһҷͣʱѾʮһˣ˳緹ʱ䣬һ׼һ߷ݵķζ
ʱںһκѩޱȷʵһĽ֮ɫѩޱָǰһҷſ޵Ůʵ㣬ʲôˣǷԱɣ
ѩޱʵ޷ǰű¶Ů˺ͷԱϵһȥȽԵʣްëһɫĺ˿ȹӼ̵˴ȸǶʱ򣬳ĳɦŪ˵ġҪǲ֪ǷĻ׼ΪǵʲôӪҵˡ
κȻ˵һЩ߷ݵ飬Ҳû̫ȥȥʱ򣬺ûǰأһҲ֪ôشѩޱһۣ˵ҹӦǷķԱɣô£ҲǺ쵼ĳѾͣˣȥ˵
һǰһͣҽС߷顱ķſڣһҿȥҪɺܶ࣬С¥װ޵ñȽϿǽש¸ҫۡӲȥȽ⣬ҷſڵŮҲģһֻſڵľĸǰ׻Ĵֱ˵ۡ
ĸŮ˼˹ӭȥ߳ŮˣǱصǵרȥˡһ¡ӳԺæӭȥеλϰ壬Ǻãӭ߷Է룬ʲôҪֻᣬһ㡣
Ļһüͷɵ壬״æǰһ˵һȥҪдԼȥˡ
Ů˱˵ʲô˲Ŀ⣬ǻһۣ㬵ߵԭȵλȥˡ
һκѩޱһȥ
սţͼһʮŮӭЦ˵λϰ塢Ůʿӭ٣Ǿԣȥ䣿
⻰Ժһʵʲô𣿡
һϰǵһεԷĹءŮϰЦ˵ʹһѵģרŵķԱΪϰǷǿ
һ⻰Ժһ֣벻С꣬ȻҲʲôģһʵǶ٣
λϰһˣģⶼ۵ģԲ׿ͣ٣ȻԽԽáŮϰЦʱ򣬻֦ҲǰɽҲŲѡ
һ״һۣȻκѩޱ˵λŮʿǾȥɣ԰һ㡣
κѩޱȻʲô˵ͷ
һȫԲѯ˵Ͼ⣬Ůʿһ㣬ҲʹԼȥʿһ㡣
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Ůı֣һȻҲ׸ղǸŮϰеרŷԱôˡ˵ʵһű¶Ůǰƣ治һǵѡ
ȻŮ뿪Ļ˼һΪװơѩޱһۣŶԷʹһɫȻŮŲŲ졣
ѩޱ״¶һ˿ЦӲûһĶĳƲѡңѩޱվſȥһṦǸŮϰͰŮ˳ȥ
ºһ˾СһǶѪյͣһŮǰ߶Ҫû㷴ӦĻǿɾͲˡǸǰģһ⣬λŮ˾ѩޱ˵ǵĶͷ˾˵ʵǵ۾֪Ķˡ
ղŮȻõŮϰʾ⣬֪һͷģֱӰѲ˵ݵһһеĲ˵ݸѩޱЦ˵ѩޱΣͽˣֻԡ
⻰Ժ漴ôЦһôȤЦƵġѩޱЦ߽ӹ˵κ
ܿ죬Ů˾ͰѲ˵ˣſкһһʮ˾Ů˽͸ղŵǸŮȻͬһ崿ģҲǳأӡеķԱ
һһ֧̣Ȼ̺һţʾԼȡһ֪²ộҲò࣬ѩޱʱйСԣ̫


ھŰʮ 
һϵ̺У˶û֣쵼޼ɵس̣ҲԡǻŮʿأһǵֱ쵼һǸгĶǸӡ
һ˿Ҳע⵽һ㣬Ҳûٺǿڣκʱ򣬶쵼Ҫٷ֮ٵأԱûκιϵ
һǽ֮ǰѾͣڷſˣǵòԺִһҷ⻹ǲ
ղſ˵ʱһѾʶʱʵΪͽ𵶵ƷֶûСھ⣬ʱǾͿ֪ˡ
ķܣǿŵģֻÿҷﶼű¶Ůſڣʵе˿⡣Ҫ㿪ĻЩһҪҪģǳ鷳λŮʿﲻˬʿҲΡ
ܷⲻ˵ٶȻͦģһ˾ѾҷԱ˵ȲҲˣһ
һŽС㡢ˮϺϺӵȣǺܸȤ룬Щ߲˹ѹˣȷʵɫ
׼ӣѩޱȴЦ˵г㿴ȵʲôǿѵúԽûоƵĻζѽ
ѩޱĻԺһ˵У䣬Ҳûʲô£Ǿͺȵ׵ģг㿴ô
һ˵κҪٴһ˼ұϾǸгϣøӻҪġ
κʻԺæ˵һгİţҵһ£ҵľޣˣҿɺȲȥ
һЦ˵ҳһƿƣ˾⣬ˣһ˶壬Ӧûɣ
κľĲУȻһѾ˵ˣȻƴǡ룬˵гɣҾΪʵںȲȥĻɵҴһ㡣
һˬ˵Уû⡣
һĻ䣬¾ѾӻϽӹԿףȥˡһṦһƿҺˡ
ѩޱ״Ц˵쵼ĳȻĺþƣˣ飬ﻹûˣǰ칫׼۲أþأ
ѩޱĻΪѵؿһһۣ֪˵ǻǲǡ
һЦ˵ѽûϢƿҪֱӸˣ۸΢һ㣬ҿһǧһƿˡ
һĻ˵ĶЦ
ѩޱ΢죬˵г˻ںƿǮ飬˵ѽһᵽʱȰƿƸңȻٻػ칫ҡ
Ҳ֪ѩޱϰĹϵټϸղϰѾӦˣæ˵ηģұ֤ƿ͵İ칫ȥͲҪٲˡ
ѩޱ⻰ԺЦ˵⻹ࡣ
°ѾƿԺ󣬸һѩޱԼı൹һ㣬κıԼֻһ㡣ղκгѾȷʾܺȲôˣᣬӦˣĻô顣
һ°ѾԺЦ˵ѵúгһ𣬽ǲ˵һݣҲҪԺúȺãȣȣ
κһĻԺ֪ԷǽźȾƵĻͷءһڣ˲ջǵĸоæ˵л쵼Ժһעġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦû˵ʲôкҳԲˡ
ѩޱ״æһ㣬κĵ档κ״˵лƳһһۣԷͷʾ⣬ҲһЦȻͷˡ
ĿǰΪֹһκıֻģȻҪʵʵڵ飬Ȼٲ˰֡𣬰ֵĲȻҲ̫ͣĻ޷Ӧеá
ҪĹκǱҪȡġ˵ԷϾǸгȡߵĻȨ١κΪãԣһõ飬ȻûзŹȥĵ
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ѩޱһ߿һκĶԻԺﻹǺܿĵģڵĴȻͲһԽǿԽãζиõķչռ䡣־ͻȻʱֻܱסǰλþˣؾȻˡȻĻʲôеأ
˵Ĳ⻰Щʱʵһʣ뷨ûУҪһΪĻȻǲ̫ܵġ
ΪһκĹϵһѩޱʹ˻һȣһǸɣʱʱػһλ쵼ơһڣͷκĸоˡ
Ů˺ȾƱͿ״̬飬ѩޱеǽһˣȵеˣټϰĿյ¶ȴúܸߣͷ˸оȥһϴּ䣬˳͸ǾκĶߵһ
κȻûǸ뷨ڰŮͬ־Ȼþܾѩޱһվȥ
һ״ֵһ֧˳˸ǰһ֧֪Ӧöǳ̵ģֻղŰλŮ쵼ӣԲŲòסλŮʿȥˣȻԷһˡ
½ӵԺæվһŻȻŻȶæʾУűӣΪԼϻ


ھŰʮһ ù
˱̣߳ģҲ⡣˵ܶʱ򣬾Ů˵Ļ˵ķӣҪǴүһĻ˵ܻ⡢һ㣬һЩǡλŮʿһļΪµˣ˵ʱ򣬾͸Ҫעˡ
һһ̵̣̻Ҹʱ򣬰ͻȻһŮ˵ʲôˣʲôÿ
⻰Ժһ˶һΪ˶ѾӦѩޱһʾ⣬ſڵºͻһȥһҲһ˾һվȥ
һſڵʱֻѩޱκǻסȥ·ºͻ߹ȥʵʲô
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׼֮ǰӰһ漴ֻӴһղǸӱ˻ϺһƬ
һһȭԺ󣬳ŶԷݺݵ˵צٸ죬ӽ챣֤
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˶˫ȭŭĿԲֻҪԷжһȥ֪֣עͼǸϣ˲˵һŷеյġ
ǸȻ˵еͷĻԺԾԾԺ˵еûˡ
ʱͻȻһͳ֣
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Ϊٵˣ˶Էһۣŭ˼Ҵ㣬㲻ѽǶˣҹһȥ
⻰ԺȻƵ˼㣬ƨҷһԹԵߵһȥˡ
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˵⻰ԺǱӵصһһۣĲмһˡ
һ״ûпڣֻ΢ЦشŶԷ
ΪԷĻסˣǵ֮Ц˵ˣҲƽˣС£ǾͿˣ
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Ļ䣬ֻһ͵ǰһͬʱҽ͵߳һţжԷĸԷͬʱһŭùˣƽϣȻԽԽˡ
ֻһղŻһĳٴʱһֻ˵ĴϺһӣ۵öͷϵĺˡ
վߵһ㶣һṦȫӦ˹ȭͷͳ˹¡һ˾׼ԷжǰһȭߣѶԷĸȫſˡһ˸ɵºСźʣµڵء
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һԷ⸱ŭ˵Щצҹ´ҪҿĻұ֤
Ǹ˳Ϊٵ⻰Ժ⣬æϴקǼһȻſȥ
ȫ䱸ţЩһﲻģһͻȻϮģĻǺ˶Էĵ
ߵſԺվסӣһ˵ѣˣ´ԱҳСշ
һŶԷɫӣҲװӵܵĿ˵ҵ־Ͳ˵ˣ˵㣬ſװɣҵģȥסƣʱصȥң
⻰Ժ󣬴ӱǿһ漴߿ˡ
ڸով£ҲûмԺȵˣصԺ󣬸׼ˡϰͻȻƿŽˣһ˵ҿλӦòǱˣǻǿ뿪ɣǸճµͷܴǲҪǳ˵Ļ¾߲ˡ
⻰Ժһװӣʵ˵ϰǼһ﾿ʲôͷ𣿡
ϰʻԺ󣬱ԥе˵е㲻˵
һ״æ˵ϰ㲻Ҫʲô˼ɣ˵޷ϾߣʲôĻҲԲǣ㡣
ϰһĻ룬˵ղǸǳΪٵǳسĹӣǰʱյθ糤ģרŸĽ߷ݵġǺڵ׵ǳԵÿģĶ


ھŰʮ ܲ
˵㣬Ǹ
ϰĻһе֪ղԥԭˣԭղűߵλȻרŸǵĸ糤Ϊ˲鷳һ굥Ժ󣬾ʹ뿪ˡ
ϳԺκһʺţΪԹߣ鿴۾ԺһķӦеڼˡ
˵֮ǰԷҪȽķӦδҲ̫һ㣬һ仰˵ȭʹ̧žߡ˵֮ǰһĽӴ࣬ǶԷ̩ôʱ鶼Ƿǳǵģ˵Ӧ˳嶯
ʶԺκ̧ͷһߵѩޱѵ֮ʲôϵһжѩޱͼʱ򣬲Ż˳嶯
κе㲻ȷ֮ǰһﴦļѩޱʲôϵĻҲ˳嶯ɣѵ滹ʲô飿
ѩޱκĴȻδھ޴ϲС벻һȻΪһ֣ʵе̫֮ˡ
ѩޱһһʵѵ˼ҪûеĻղôô嶯أؼǵãһִǸеʱ򣬶Է׼漴ǰû˵ֱӾ͸˶Էһȭ
һ˿ڳҲʼղŵĶ֮ôһΪԷѩޱֶŵģȷʵǲˬһ棬ҲҪ˸κһźţǾ˻Ǻܹĵģһ棬Ҳ뿴پʲôͷǲʵʩļƻ
ڷǰŽ޲һҵ·̣극Ժ󣬻ų֮ǰ·߼ǰһ˿̵עȫ˴⣬˵ʵ¬ظɫӡǲģٺúýһ滮̩ͷɽӦΪ̩εĵġ
һڶδĹ滮֮ʱͻȻһɲ˵Ӷ͵ǰһ塣ûһѯô¸գѾˣϰ壬鷳ˣڳﲻҪ
ڻ˵⻰ʱһҲ˸ղżɲԭˣֻǵĳһɫɣƵ·ߣ⻹ͣǰҡ˵һǸղλ˵ĳҳˡ
һǰֵһҲ⣬мڴ֮⡣Ѿڽ¬ظ㶯ˣ֮ǰҪǲЩţסˣĹչһвСѶȡ
һСسĶӾȻҪǲʰˣгҲûʲôٸȥıҪˡ
³Ժһûæ³ֱӲͨ˽¬ίķĵ绰绰ͨԺֻ˵һ仰ڽأ˺ȶԷعžһ¹Ҷ˵绰
һƿŵʱ򣬼ѩޱκѾӳˣ˾Сһŵվǰһɵõ˵ͷ˻ͦģҪͦʱһҲ
һӳˣ¬سĶӳ¾ЦȻһɪ˵˵ǸղǲûԱѽҪܵĻٶҲÿѽұΪҪ׷̩ȥģ벻ˣٺ٣ô˵˵ɣղŵô죿
һɨ˶Էһۣм˵ղŲѾǸϹ׼ٵǸѽҿûҪ˰ɣ
¾⻰Ժһ㶣漴Χ˹Ц˺һᣬֹסЦ˵ҿǽˮˣҸղŵ˼㣬׼ô죬ڽ¬ػû˸Ҷҳ¾һëǵһҽҪǲ㸶ۣԺ治ڽ¬ػˡ
һ׼ڣκͻȻӿڵҪǲ׷Ҳ⽭¬ڻ죬źǣȴ׷˹ôܲңղŵĻ˵ˡһĻ˵㣬¾سҲڽ¬ػˡ
κ˵⻰ʱ֮ɫ˿ֲĸоһ˲䣬һŷŮгλûеŵģɱϣΰѶԷǴˡ
κ˿֮ͻȻڣԭ
һȷʵг¾ˣʱ򣬵طϵ˶ӭģмӣʱԷ֮ǰڵ澭Ķٵ󣬽ʵʵڵվǰȻеܲˣǱԽѵԷһ
ڶȻÿ͸һôĿģǰƽ󣬼ȻĻҲɿġ
¾˿ڰԵⲻѣղűԷݺݴۿҪһˣΪޡΪĸо⡣è׽ʱһֱӽ̵ҪϷŪãŽ㶨ƿضԷˣνĸо̫
¾ˬòеʱ͵κһһסˡӡУŮղڡ߷顱ʱ֮ԸôΪ֪ݡڿˣ˼Ҷĳ˽һ£ôˣòˡ
¾Ȼϰ۸ڶһɵƣҲܾۼһˣߺġǰ⼸ŮһȺ˵ԲͨˡȻǺʶղŴǸ˺Ů˿һƣϵĵλҪߡ
ˣôͨˣټϸղǸŮʿĻʹءɨ˶ԷһۣȵǵʲôˣʲôģȻ֪ҵݣȰʵʵ˵úãö֣ŵģ˺ǿɾͲˡ


ھŰʮ ֡ſ
һĻԺ룬һ￴ȥȻצģҲһȫûӵˣ֪ԼأҲôȫˡ뵽Ժһͷ㿼öԷˮ
ĿǰΪֹһ¬ؾһʲôӳӵıλس˾ԲʲôûɫȻڽ¬ظóбҪȰһﾾһ㣬㲻壬֪ԹԵϹһҲзǳ˵һá
˳¾ĻԺκûٿڣ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲôʱ򲻸˵ղ֮Կڣڱ̬ʽģڵʱˣȻðѻø쵼Ļǿɾ̫֪ˡ
һ֮һֱûпڣҲǶκһ顣ͨղŵ飬ѾоԷзǳ񶴲뿴һڹٳ̬ȡ˽¬صĽɫԺһѾеˣΪ̩ͷɽ֪һġ
ȻҪĵؿҵĻκþͷǳҪˡΪгܱеľ棬˵ˣҪȥģһӿ飬ĴĥԷţ̧ͷһ¶΢Ц
ɨ˳¾һԺһ˵ǼԲãôţҸղžѾ˵ˣֻһССĸ糤֪ǵݡ˵˲˺ʲôģģ㻹ûǸΡǻ飬ӵĹµЩèѳŲұ֤Բ˶ߣǸҸµӡ
һ⻰˵úأҪ˵¾ڶǲˬµЩСҲа಻ס֮Сڽ¬ظڳ¾ĺ棬˵޷죬ίķҲһֻ۱һֻۣȻ˵˰èǿ벻̡
¾֮һֱûµ˶֣˼ɡǰʱʱ䰲һ㣬ڸΰרιо־ֳԪץģȡղκ˵Ļܻˣʶһ㣬ֹһڸְϡ
һһԺ󣬳¾ʵ̲סˣһԷ˵Ļʵ̫ˣֱûаһ֮Ĺӷһ棬öԷʮа˾ʵװƣѻ˵ˣԷûɻ˵ԼѵΪʮֵǳصģ
Ժ󣬳¾ǰСֵܴȵֵǣҰ⼸ϵΡļһˣ£ӵţϸһ㣬Ů˸ţҪúһ
¾Դڷ汻һʰԺ󣬾ͱһӵĻ׷Ժֱκһһ䡣ᷢһ㣬ܲˣʲôֱ˵˳Ķȥ˼ġ
һȻһֱڼҶԷעȴһֱڳ¾ǼСƤϡǵֶ·棬Ҹ¿ȥĹҵģ˵Ƕбһֹ֮Ķ
ԷŭԺ󣬼пܲƺȻҪѶԷúǰĵǶģ֮ǰ˶Բߡ
ڶԷ֮ǰ͵شȵվԭر𶯣ίķͬ־ϾͻϹ˭ҪǸҶһ£ұ֤ʮ֮ڲҪӾ˭ŵģܹԡ
⻰Ժ󣬸ո׼Щһһȫ˵мĸֹܡѾ¶˳Ƿ׷۾¾һֱǶֻ֣ȥǣϴôô졣
¾һĻԺǵ⣬ΪԼжоˣһװƵģղŻӲòУõֶˣȴȻĻúһ档
¾һЦ˵ղ·ɣǲڣôְǿˣô֪ˣ
һûпڣ˵ֻ㣬ھ֮ǰǲȴ绰سһ£õʱ򲻺ʰ
¾ԷʱװƣһֿЦõĸоһЦ˵ҵͲˣ㻹Լһôɣ
һûлػվĻ˵Ϊƾ⼸ҷܰôˣԡ
⻰Ժվڳ¾ëˣղűһΪèǾͱһӵĻֱӳƺΪҷʵ޿ˣҲͲ׼ˡ˻һԺһͷ͵سеĸֱֹӱȥˡ
ǸʲôģǿֱһԣСƶѡղ֮ҪԷΪ˰Щһע¡Ҫǳű˶ֵĻеͶֱӳĻǾͲκι˼ˡ
ڼԷȻˣ¶һ˿ЦȻèһȥ˻ûôµʱһȭһţֱɥʧսڵϰӴӴֱл̸ֹ򾲾ǽԶİ·ϣ£ġ
¾ʮ˶ǰһĻˣǶǿɱɱΪģղŶԷգۼͰߵ˸ſˣ˸еֲǣǸûпԷôֵġ
ղڽ߷Ƽҵʱ򣬳¾͸оǰò˺һûʲô¾ͷŵ뵽Է֮ô׵֣ߵ˺˲پƣעҲǺܼйϵ


ھŰʮ ȥ
ڼոսйİ֣˼׾ٵؾ͸ɷڵأˡˣ˵ĻȻǲܵ飬ղЩ󻰿ɶ˵ȥˣҪӲرȥԺôڽ¬ػ죬ȥĻЦ
뵽Ժ󣬳¾ٺͶԷĥߴ˽еټһϣȺ˵
һ˿̵עҲǸ߶ȼУղżԺ֪һˡȻ˵ĻǾҪȫ䱸ٱ֤ܳԿ
ڳ¾ڽ֮ʣԶͻȻԼԼش˾һʱŵ񾭲ɳķһǴ˸Ϲˣ⽭ɳľһܳ糤µġ
ԺֳָֹܡЩһе㲻֪ˣ׷̧ͷ¾ȴϴ
¾ʱƵ˼㣬׼˺ÿľȻܹˣӣҿǲˣģȥԺͳְһŵؿʱ¾ıѽ˸ãòǶˡһﶼץϣҪӲ۵Ļøӣ˵ʲôҲ⼸һ뿪硣
¾ƽȻҲúܣҲûеżһ;ĵزҲǱһҲëˡͨ߶Է㾯ˣҲܣʰǡ
˳¾ĻԺ类һǿƵģղŻһήҲӣԾԾѽΣϴسĹӣϴǿۼֳϴһֵܵģһССɳ񰡣
һ˳¾ĻԺֳһĨɱһ￴޷ѾһˣѹָղųԷǼҷϰ˵ҶҲΪˣ뵽Ժһص˳¾һۡ
Զһ͵˽ǰǰɣ⣬Ȼһ˴Լʮ߸졣һעԽЩ죬ھ¬һųϡ
ʱһĶͻȻ˳¾ȵĳƺǮ壬СôˣСֶʧԶӭˡ
¾ΪǮǽ¬ظس湫ֳǮسµĵɽ¾ȻڱǰţģǮǰǵùԾӡ
Ǯ¾ʱ㷸ֹίķղſǸͼϮ쵼ôԺ󣬿¾һ˻ΧżİŮ⾿ôأѵ˵⼸İŮ쵼뵽Ժ̽ͷȥǼŮվλȥ
˵ĿױŮ䵱ǰվŮʱǮҲ⡣ǰŮ˵ʱһķ˵쵼һҲûк
ǮĿͶ䵽΢΢κѩޱ벽ϵʱֻͷһˣæվǰ׽ĳ¾첽ߵһǰǮһ׼ƣȻžһ¾һ漴һ˵г¬عǮǰ
һʾֳκѩޱһͬ˵κгã鳤ã
ǮĶһǳɣûаˮ֮У˵⻰ԺվһߣоԸ˼ֳݵǺ
һʶǮǶֻеӡģԺ°ȫиλͷͷԵù濴ڽ¬λθгĹֳǺеӡġ
ĻԺ󣬱˵ûʲô¾ֱʯһ㣬벻ǰ˾Ȼгһ鳤ڸղȻҪ˶Է¾˿ֻͷȫǺߣ뵽ɴ˿ܴĿµĽһ˵֪ôźá
¬ίķʱҲ˹ĳϻ̳Ͽ֣ߵһǰС˵гãһκг鳤ܾˣҵô飬
ķ˵⻰ʱﻹеûףµĳĶӣϾǽ¬صһ֣һ᲻Ǩŭǲ˵
һķĻԺ˵ȥ
ķæһóһֳһһơ˻ᣬ΢΢̧ͷһһۣӶԷƳһ߳źǣԷޱ飬޷롣
һ̧ǰȻ͵ͣ½ŲعͷǮ˵Ǯس飬ҾͽˡǸǽĸ糤ղſҪǣҪκг鳤
˵⻰Ժһתͷǰȥ
Ǯæ˵쵼ģһദ飬ʱ㱨Ľ̡
ǮҲǳ˾һȻǳгһǳǿƵĴڣ¾ǽ¬سĶӣ¸㲻ã뱻ǿһ䡰ʱ㱨Ľ̡һĻҪʲô۶ӵĻҲóһĴ죬С
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵüͷһΪǮԲһԳǿơλسȷʵˢӣΪس͹ֳǮҲС
ߵǰʱһ΢΢Խķ˵ǣҵĳ
ķ⻰Ժ󣬽ŵһԷô˵˵Ѿ϶ûʲô飬ʱǾܲġʶԺæһһ򿪳ţȻڵסɡ


ھŰʮ Ҹҽ
һȻܲð֮ǰҲǱֹˡȴûбֳİõķķ֪ʱҪúðһ¶ԷǵͷһûʲôסһĻҪˡ
һ뿪Ժ󣬳¾æߵǮǰ˵Ǯ壬һҪѽ
Ǯûطʵ£Ұˣȴߣʱ䣬Ȼҵĳ
¾⻰Ժһ㶣漴˹¸ˣԷԸִͣ绰ءǮĻó¾ǲˬղǸгߵʱ˵ǻҲȻ
ˣǸ˾ǰոմʡսĳгһԷһֵʱְֻ˵һ䣬㿴˼ұҲʹ塢꣬ѾǳгˣúúŬ
ܲΪȻʱǣ㶼ġʮҲһسѣ˼ͷ˵ҡ
֪ԷԺ󣬳¾޲ָԼһ⡣ղžֻŮ˺װˣڶԷĻţһ˼ΪԷװǻơ벻һߵˣһչмӵǮҲڳһ¹̬ˣﻹеûˡǮк˴ϳæߵһȥͨϰֵĵ绰
˿ڰ칫ļʱķѹƵˣ˵ĵ⡣ǰʱϰѾ˵ˣֻҪѽ¬һĶֵغˣһлͰķߣ
ȥ껻ʱǸûᣬϰæԼ飬ûй˵ķ˿ӣԼίһְ
ҪľͣץԷСӣĻϰ˵ʱҲͺÿˡ
һƬãҲûäĿֹۣ˵ǰʱķȥݷ½ĳгһԷһƲ߼Ķóе㿴⡣
˵ķҪվӵĻεί֮Ӧõѡ񡣶ԷոչҪίʵȨļˣֻҪԸȥԷӦòܾܾг˵Ҳ쵼Ͼǵһ֣ԱȽСͶʲôĺôأ
Ψһܽķôɣλ½ĳгһзǳͷΪˣ⵽ϰȥһˣ֪Էܾʡί֯еϵһҲͷˡ
֮ʣڳֻͻȻ˽˺룬֪˲ܴ࣬ģĵϵӳóֻһȻӵĵ绰
ǲˬӳ⣬ûиɹһ¡Ͳͬƣ˵ʲôзգ뱣գ޿κΣֻõͷͬˡ
Լµ̣Լֻöڻ뷹ԾˣʵڲеĻͣнְȥѧҲɡ
ôģǰˣȴô롣ƲϰȻöӽˣȻ˺ͨģڴҵĹͬ£¾򻻽ʱһԾΪ˽ĸ糤
ŲеЦ֮УһƬĺ⣬Ҳö˵ʲôֻ˵飬صԺȴѶӽйúýѵһͨͳ¾Լ£رǿ˹£Է뿪
ڳֻҪöʵӦþͲʲô̫⡣ôҲһسǳʲôܰƽġҪǵɾûǸˡ
һֱǺԼģûĻһ㲻ѵ绰ֻϣϰʱ䡣뵽ⲻĶпָԼǻˣɫ½Ժ󣬶ֻŭ˵ʲô£
𿴳¾ǰһµһļƣ浽ǰӶ磬ڵ绰Ҳˡֻ˵֣ҡǻˣҪѽ
ڽӵ绰֮ǰ뵽ˣӹô˵ŭ˼㣬ôô˵˵Ĵδ绰ڲ仰ģˣ
¾ӵŭԺƨҷһֻطڶߣŲһ㶼ңһԹԶ
Ժŭ˵˵ɣְ˭ˣְĸˣ޷ҲЩƨ¡
ҪǻһԸӣ׾ԲԶ˵Ļڳ¾ȴٺʲˣֹһΰƽ顣
˸׵ĻԺ󣬳¾ɿһΪֻҪϰԸ֣ûаڲƽ顣гٴҲܲ˽¬ص飬˵ղҲ˵˵ûĶ֣Ӧûʲô˵ġ
¾뵽Ժ󣬾Ͱ֮ǰڽ߷ƼԼ·ϵһһʮظ˶ԷΪͬ־¾һ㻹Ǻһκʵʵ˵пӰϰֵжϣĻŪɳ׾Լ뱻
ʼʱû̫ϣ֪Ȼ·ӣǺĻģ֪Էû뿪磬һĻӦòԷ˵ΪһƯŮ˲źͶԷģŭģҸҽˣʡ¡
¾ƨҷһϰԺ󣬼˵顣˵ķ嵽ֳʱ򣬳ͻȻȵ˵ʲôǸղŹȥˣ
¾ϰ˵˴æ˵ѽǺǮسģǮ廹ҪҴȥ˵ֻӸ绰
¾˵⻰ʱ򣬹һǻõϰֵͬͰο


ھŰʮ ųη
ʼķҲͽʱܳһ֮԰ѶӵĻΧڽĿģ£ԷڵĻᡣ벻ԷȻ׷ȥˣ¿ɾе㲻ͬѰˡ
ǮȻҲòƻķ崩һӣ׼Ķӣóе벻ˡ
Ҫ˵˳䵱ķĴֵĻܹ⣬ϾǴ˵¬ҲһˣȻҲۼ˼ңϴҪУ˿̣ЩǰȻ䵱ȷ棬ǮȻҲֵ˼ó޷ˡ
Ǯ˵ǳһģҪûĻԷпܻɳءڲΪ˹ֵϴ󣬶ҽﻻĻᣬһԾΪ˸سһпɶ벻ѽ
ǮΪˣԲ˲飬뵽һⱦû˵ʵ¾˵ͨġ뵽Ժ󣬳ŵ绰Էʲôͷ֪
¾ϰ˵Ȼ࣬ҲеģæС˵еģա죬ǳƺΪ졭гŮģһκκгƯǸ񡭡鳤
⻰Ժ󣬳·ʩ˶һ㣬סˣþûг
¾е㲻æڵ绰ͷ˵֣֣һҪ취ѽǮǮҪҴˡ
ҲģҰﲻ㣬ȥηɣ⻰ԺֱӰֻǽǣֻ۵һ£ֻķѿֱǰһڣ˫һһ˵һһƨϰϡ
˺һᣬŻķΪʲôϵֳǮӶֵԭˡھȻίѩޱϣ˼ҿǺһʵְѽοһκǡ˵ʵеʴӵĸоˡ
ղڵ绰Ȼ˵ܶˣȻǲܵ飬ôð°ƽùĲӣҲ޷⡣ʱ׷һӲϵζģοķǡ뵽ʱ򣬳ͷһ
һķڳ˭ҲûղŵǼ顣ķ֪ܵԷһѾ֪¾ǳĶˣȻĻǺķҲûаëǮĹϵˡ
һķ˽ɫݵķⷽ¹һǰʱȥһİ칫Ҳ㱨⣬˵ʱ򣬿˵ͷͷǵشݺԡһ󣬻Ƿǳġ
ʮң˽¬ίԺɣɻûͣķʳָһվڲԶǸʮͷˣȻһС˵гλǽ¬صسͬ־ıˣǰԪгһӡ
һ⻰Ŷһûпڡ
ķ̧ͷλԼʮˣеĸоղǻѾ˵úˣ߶ԷԪˣ˵ԷӦе㷴ӦȴʲôҲûоóѵʱ̩ٳģλҵ֮䲻ԸҥӦòɣ
ķղŹô˵Ҫһ͸¶ĺ̨һᣬʾվӵ˼ԷӲûôأ
ķ֮ԼᶨƵҪһ£ΪѾ˶Էķһͬѧʡί֯ԷһٴͣŸһȻʡί֯ϴ¬ߵĺˡ
֮ǰǿһʮѾǳгˣɵģڴϢԤһȻҪжˡ
ȥһ칫һ㱨ʱϺгΪȥģԷȴȼǿģΪԽλᣬߵԷȦȥġ˭֪һ㱨깤Ժֻ˵Ļ뿪ˣûҪ£˼
ķΪһǳΪǵԭ򣬶Էпܹٺϵûؽ¬أڱݿһס˭֪һֱڶϣһûٺϵʧػص
ԺķΪһܿǱʧͷ˹ղڽ¬صһҵеУͻȻӵһĵ绰Է˵ڽأ鷳ķϳֱڴ˹кǮȡϵöԷ˸ϵȥ
ڳϵʱ򣬾Ͳµʮа˾źͳĶӳ¾йأ˵²ɣ۸ڶһһǺпܵġһ˲䣬ֻͷѪӿĸоίǱسѹ̧ͷҪǽúøԷһ£˵ܾʹ˰Ŀǰ״
ղڳһֱĴһɫ뿴̬ȣźǣԷһƽƽ͵غĽɫݵ飬ѹûз¾һ顣
ķﲻмʧ֮⣬ô׾ٵطųˣﻹе㲻ڼԷʱһһ䡣ǶʱˣһȻûκαʾķеʧˡѵһҲԪԲŲҶ˵ƺ̫һѽﰵ
ķ֮ʣѾ첽ߵǰһ˳ţͬʱЦ˵гãǽ¬صĳ֪쵼ݵʧԶӭˡ
ķҵæƿ
һ˿ȵشӳԺЦǺǵ˵ԭǳسѽ˵⻰Ժͳգֻһմֹּ֡


ھŰʮ ̽
ˣҲѾˡȻǰλĳг«澿ʲôҩӸռԷı㲻ʼվû׵ĸо˵ʲôԭһ滹˵
һκѩޱķ칫ҲһСҡһͻȻãû˵⣬ķί֪ͨڼҵĳίҿᡣ
¬صһɳίǲ֪ʲô飬ί֪ͨʱǳ࣬˲ҵһǵ֮ǰѾȫڻΣˡ
һ֪ʲô飬ίķ岻˵ҲˣۼĿسվڷϲʱſڵʲôƵġ˶÷ǳ죬ȫĿ⿴ͬ־ίΡ
ίǸӣѯʵĿԺһͷĺ龹Ŵңѹ͵治֪ʲôˣղҴ绰֪ͨҹģ쵼ˡ
⻰ϵվڷڴεı飬һµ˭ˣһԪгݹˣ̩оûеڶ쵼ǵسص̬ί֮ҲС
һֱԪԾӣ֮ίǣҲֵģҪǱԪг֪Ļɹһġ
ǰ״Ժ󣬳һߵ˶һԪгȻ̩кǿƣͳسĹϵͬһ㣬ܳʲô⣬ʲô¡ʶԺ󣬼˲ɵͳ׷׵ؽ
ķߵԼλΪģеûˡ֮ǰûκϢг͵˽¬ˣҲ֪ǳʲôģöӵСģǧҪһײǹȥǿɾ͵ùˡ
˴ԼңһԱ֪ܽͨ˵гκгˣλ쵼׼
⻰Ժæе̣еæ죬еæȥ͡һжʱǲʶһ⣬ղС˵ʲôгκгˣѵԪгǳسݵһ
һǸСĹԱǲǴʱһκѩޱķͳ߽ͬ˻ҡ֪˭ͷһ°ƣĻһҵ
һһ΢Цǰ棬Цųһһͷķ£λκѩޱķ塢ǫһԺ󣬷ֱһ࣬˰ڳһ쵼ļơ
κ̩игɲȽ¬ص˼ҪߣȻûκ⣬ѩޱλƺֵȶ֮Ȼķ塢ļһ˼ұϾǽ¬صĵһֻ֣½иΣԶҪѷɫһ㡣
һؼˣûˡǺһκһ¬ؼ鹤ģڹŴղ󳼣˵طԺǿǼٴһһĻ¶˵Ҳûκˡ
ٴĿǰ״˵ķ嵹ˣ֮ǰѾ֪ҪλŮΣʱһӣҲٰһ֮ļˡ
Ļעκ⣬˻㱨ָȥ֣ʵϾжջ˭Ҳ˵
һһ̵ܽԺۿҪˡעһҲû뿪һңĥŶԷôʲô˼ۿˣԷȴһҲûᵽӵ飬ô˼չӣһ˽˵쵼ٸᣬἰ
һӻ벻һ䣬Դ̽һһ̬ȡгݰķίѹסȻǺеģ¹ϣˮ
ȻѾҪ̽һˣһ˵Ժӹ˻
һһۣȻ󿪿˵гκгΣлڰæ֮гʱǽ¬صСָɫݹⷽȻһЩ಻㣬Ժһٽץ˳Чʱ쵼ǹָ
˳ⷬԺΪƵĵȻķˡҪڳ˵һҲûУΪسǵίǣȫԴί쵼ǰ̬
ĹؼڳĶ棬ԷȻֱίǵĴڣö֮ش¬쵼ܽᡢˡ
ķﲻˬ˼㣬ܼóˮҪ˵Żһ¶ԷϹӣղŵǻ˵õˮ©Ҳû޴ӷ
˿̸Ͼ˼ķĸܣĵǻ˵ȥԺһ̬ȡҲĳķ²̨Ҫ¬أỹ濪˿ڣֻίһǴˡ
һĻԺ󣬲ûпڣֶϵĲ豭ʱﰲԷǸӵģӦýĻˣڿгƺû˼
һ׼˵䳡滰ʱͻȻһȣ˳ȥֻһЦǺǵسءʶһлҪ˵æĿڵгΪָʾϣһӭ
⻰һһҵ¬صĳίҲóʱˣӶе㽩ӲˣŹƵĻᣬҲһ壬Եøҡ
ͣԺһŲ˵лҵŪˣڿɲָʾϣģֻһⲻ̫ףسҽһ¡


ھŰʮ ְΧĽ綨
һĻԺϵı鲻һһƣһãȻ㿴ңҿ㣬֪ô¡
ķһɨղŵƣ˵г뽲سһ֪޲ԡ޲ǰɣ
ķȻǳų˵ģղŶԷ˵ݺݵشҪǲһҲе̫˵ȥˡ
ķĻԺϵıˣ벻ոմ˶Էתۼ䱨ӦˡȻԲһ˵ղǷĿģķһңȻֻɣ˵гָֻֻ̣ҪְΧڵģһ֪޲ԡ޲
ܳ죬̬ʱ򣬻ǸԼһ·ǾְΧ֮ڡһҪǹĶ˵£˵Էֻһ糤Ӧֱ쵼سû̫ϵѡ
һĻԺ΢΢һЦ˵Ҫ̵ǺͳسĹйص飬Թӹܶӣǿ쾭飬سҲְΧ֮ڵɣ
⻰ԺڲѣǸСžţ˼ҿһ仰Ͷĺ·Ҫ˵¾޹أһ룬ǲˡô˵ҲԼҶñͷϴǿɵˡ
ʱڳ˶ѾسĹһǵλгˣ˼ʦˣҲܹͳղվڷϿɵȵԭˣߵ˴˿˪һû˾
Ǹղżһʱﻹмֵ⡣ϴǴ󣬲Ԫгţתۼʹ½ĳгԺ̩ﻹʲôõĵأ벻ѡ
ڼһɵˣгĶǸģȫһ߳ӵļƣǶһóʧ꼰㡣
һˣ豭һ裬˵ղųس˵ڽɫĿ棬ȡһЩʩȡһɼҲ಻㡣ɼҺκгԼζѾˣس̸һ̸ҪЩ棿
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Ժ󣬳Ҫӻǿ֤ϸ˽ͽĽɫݴڵĲ㡣ص̸ԽɫݵĹϴ⣬쵼ڷǩɧʳ͵ΪɫݵĽһչϰ
˵ʱ򣬳Ϊӽڽ߷鷹Ϊ֣κгλ쵼ʾǸ⡣֪ǳѩޱȥģȴòκӴȥҪȻ⻰˵ÿɾе̫ˡ
ıֳ˵֮⣬һҲû뵽ԷȻһ֡ڶӵϣûκѣȫеǸģ£أ
ȶԷ˵Ժһ˵سʶǷǳ̵ģϣ´ٹʱܿɫиȫµòĿǷǳӵģʱκгʹһŬȡĿǿҪڲһӰ졣
һûаļƻ͸¶ֻǼ򵥵һ䣬һĻ¬ص˲ŻģسղȻ˵ͷͷǵ˭֪ʲôһҲղ˵һ˵һˡȻ˵ĻͲҪɳʲôɵ
һ˵һڿ϶˸ղųĻҶóһֵģΪͷβûᵽĶӳ¾顣ĴȻ֪¾ʲôµһˣͨղųκѩޱλŮʿҾͲµһ߰˰ˡ
ԺķһԸ⵽˾ܾûķ飬һʱҲԷӵġһ䣬´ιʱȡԷȻʹһϳ뿪ˡ
ķ廹׽һ⻰ʱ򣬳ѾԴ칫ȥˡķ״ﲻɵһ⣬¬ĵһ졣Ȼû̵ʲôôųԱ񣬲ҳ˺ܴһ˵Ŀġ
ԺһκѩޱԼ¡һһٷôĿҪΪκֻѡ
κ飬Ѿһ£˶ԷԷĽ飬Ȼ᲻ӡھϣȻʲôҲû˵ҶѾˡʱκƱһһƣ˵Ժڹгָ̣͵ڱ̬ˡ
һƱһȻ˵κгɣạָ̊́
극Ժһ˾һҪκг鳤͵λûѳſڣȻ³ȥˣԼűɣɻ˺ɽׯ
һһ˼ų滺֣˽顣о˺ǲˬնԷɣǾݲģĿǰ£ֻ̡
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ھŰʮ ҹϴ
һҪĵҪѽ¬سµĻʮа˾ҲܳɹĻأ
հίǵλãξһسȱҲֲˡ֮ŵˣԪسλã˵һģ˼Ҳȫ
ȻĻǻһӣλϣԷȻǸж¡ΩǴӣڿչĹȻνȡڳ̬ȡ
ҹһųʻ̩еĴϣ͸·ƺʹϢĳͻȻһ۵ĸоΪгǰޣٿȥǷǳ𾴵ģһ˶֮ʱо˴δйĹµͼįһĸоϮͷ
һĪĸоúǲˬ٣һ֧̣˦˦ͷ̣߳²һţɣָֻ֮ǰǿٵǰʻȥ
ſԺһѳϨ˻ƿֱϴεԺŲôĵӸ֮ǰһˣû֮ǰǰСĽˡ
һ˺ֹϳţͻȻֻùĳͻȻиӰһǰϮľһæһȵ˭
졭гãǡҡһͰ͵˵ǽ¬صĳ飬ҡ͡
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ŷղŻƵ룬ϴһû񣬲ģԽһɣôˣ֮ǰСĽתȥԷ
˿ӣҸ¼һ\·ǲĹ⣬ܿϲ˱ǫЦݡ
һԷ⸱ģղŵǷпһӿͷڽ¬صĻĵλѾܸˣһѹסίķ˼˵Էǽ¬صĵһ˲֣ٿԷı֣겻ѡ
˵Ѿǳ̩еҹ½ӽңΪ±쵼ײֻǶһվںڰʲôʱģվ˶ãû֪ˣ΢΢ЩӦվ˺һˡһ£ԼٳٵĻֻأ
ô˵Ϊ˶ӣǳгĻԷҲ˵͵˵еΣϻŰݷã˵׶ȨǵĻһ֪˵һܹıģȻ˵ĻֻȥӦˡ
ⷬпһԳ̬ȱ֮ǰڽ¬صʱ˺ܴת䣬Ц˵ԭǳسѽôģµĻôҴ绰أӦҵֻɣ
һ˵̧ſȥȻûкŶԷ˼ġ
һ⻰Ժһŵȥһ̬ӦñԤеҪã˵ˣټ֮ǰõĶԲߣҪɹӦò
ҪҪһ֮ǰһ˼붷Ԫܰƽ¡һߺһ绰ԪѽϸԷһ㱨һǺ˽⣬绰ȥһԪæһҲһһΪˡ
Ԫ˳ĻԺû̬һԺ˵һѵĿջ׻˼ƺ˵һȥ¬غ֣֮⣬ͶԷʾڱæġ
ͶԷ͹Ҷ˵绰ؼǵǰʱԪǼײҪһò˵ʡк̨ôת۹̬Ⱦ˸һٰʮȵĴתأ˵³һص˼Ժ󣬾г˵ĻϴȽϱա
˵ʱԪһıҪĶԷĻôľأ飬ȫӳ¾Ĵ£һССسȻͳгȥţӽˮˡԪ˵а˼Ȼʱ䲢ûегˣ˵ԷôʵͰǰɲš
Ŀǣžһݷõġһ֮ܰίѹòܶȻˢӵġȻϴˣѳͣ˺ɽׯ棬ͽߵA4űĸǰվ·Ҳڰصһ
ˣôһҪȵһŶԷӦò̫κѩޱԼһԶٷ治ʲôˡκѩޱŮˣһΣ˳ԷİȻǲ̫ܡȻһȥˣֻϵùˡ
һſڵ˽һСʱʱ򣬼ƹԶ䵽˸ǰͣ룬̫ỹûеŵ㣬ԷѾˣӺڰ˳ȥ
һ塢׵ľ룬׼кԷѾȿˣܴ󣬳ܳһú֣Ķᣬûзһ˿ôᷢأܺܺ棬ֻܰڶˣʵġ
һĺţȻ˾ֱȥһ˵ȥݲ衣
⻰ԺæҸµİɳһӣ˵г˵⻰Ժ󣬲һ̬ǽǵˮȥ
һԷ⹧̬ȣ˵ͷ


ھŰٰʮ ֹ
ǸʲôģԺ󣬲һڣֱ⡣ѽһƨɼǰŲŲȻ󿪿˵гҹҪȮģһֱڶ䶼ǳ簮Ҳڹ̣ܽɽյĴг˲С˹һ
һ˳ĻԺ󣬶輸ϵĲ豭һڣȻذѲ豭ȥûпڣ̧ͷ˶Էһۡ
ԷıԺ˹æ˵гղŴߺҾͻؼҺͼˣε飬óеʲôξʲôΣǾԲΪһ顣½ԺҾڳȥƴʡȥһ£ҲòٶβˣʱԵ࣬Ժĳɳ
һٵĻﻹепǰλȷʵݣѹķ屻ѹסԷп˵ΪһĻͲٶ˵ʲôˡ
ǲĶȻһ㣬ϸߵĻҪ˵ж⣬Ҳ̸ϣ֣ҲѵˡһԷڵ⻰˵ˣôһѳ¾ӵƴʡȥһΡǲǹȥ򹤣ôһ˵ļһﵽǴһһصģҲܵˡ
һͳһ֧Է״æվžһΪһϻȻŰ֧صϡ
һŨŨԺһ˵س̬ȣҺοѽ֮ǰĵĻҲڳֽһĻˣ²˵ˣ㿴Űɣ
⻰Ժ󣬳׵طԷʾ׷ˣƺˣȻûʲôõĵˣæ˵ǣǣ쵼ǣԺһעġ
һ֮ŶԷһҪΪ˽ɫݵ飬ȻҪȷصǰԽɫݵһЩ룬ϸԷ˵ȶԷʾԺǿг黹ǷǳĵģԲгͷϣǽ¬صͬ־ҲҪϣ˵ˣ黹Ҫͬ־ȥģгһ˾ǿĻҲܰЩȫе˵԰ɣ
еһ˼ˣ쵼ǺأȻ˵ĻȻҪó̬ȳˡֱͦӣβ΢΢ɳƣȻ󿪿˵гģǽɫݵҪԺ󣬵ʱʲôʱȥһһĽ
ڳر̬ˣûǣֱ˵ҡ˵Ŀģһ棬ʾֱӰһ棬ҲһԷ˼ˣºӵ
һ󣬵˵ͷ΢Ц˵ǽ¬ذӵսǷǳصģáʱһ֮ǺгһȥģǧҪҵѽ
ȻԷԸˣһȻҲֱӳղŵĻȥˣһ֮źԪ̧˳һԷûκ·ˣֻһ°ʵʵظ
лгΣһ°ƯƯġ˵
һļ˴ԼСʱң뿪ˡ֮ǰԤһЩڵûнóһҪʲôֻҪѶԷҪþˣûбҪȥǣˡ
ڶһ磬һκѩޱһȥλ߽ϵ̩һ֮ǰԴֻûеʵأһķ羰ȷʵֻƽң̩԰Уࡢһ㣬ܵ꽭ϵС
һ˵ǵʱ̩ξֳ١̩԰ʥѾſڡһ֪λӦκˣǲ֪ܵϢʱġ
κҲûвҴţ³Ժ󣬾Ͷһ˵гλξֵľֳ٣Ҷ߶Ǿѣᣬֱ쵼㱨λ̩԰ʥͬ־
κĻԺæǰһһһһ֡Ժһ˵̩еҵȷʵܲɲѽжڴƣҲѽߣһȥ
ξֳٱһĵûб̫ϣ̩Դƿɳ£˵гίҲɣϾɸΪ֮һһ˵ͷȼһ˿ϣæ̩԰ʥʹһɫŴҽȥ
һ̩һ죬ھķԵķھСݡ
ʥİ£ҷۺϣĵú⡣һߵ˵Ĺ룬ǰ̩ɽͽ¬صĽɫݴ̩еһƷƣȻг
УٺʥҪ󣬸ǰµʱ䣬ʵȥطһߣȻóһԷȽκģȻȻгǻ㱨ȡǵ֧֡
ٺʥ⻰Ժ󣬶ǰһĸо̩һֱܲӣǰȻ̫ĸоʥһ㣬ȻξֳָҪ̩Ӧûһʵݵġ
ٶԴ˵ĸдɾˣҵĳξֳǿǷǳţģҪ˵ľֳΣһЩгҲðͽǡξֳҪ˵гˣľֳǼԺͷõһ¡￪ʱֻ͵֡־졢ֵ˴һˡ


ھŰٰʮһ г
һһԺ󣬻ٵ򼤶Ե΢΢Щ죬Ͱ͵ؿ˵졭гģһ񣡡
κһ󣬿Цƾֳˣûȥҵİ칫ˣǺǣ
κĻԺˣҲû⣬Ц˵гҲûа취дţ쵼ˡ
κ󣬺ǺһЦûٿڡ
̩Ժһһз
Ժһ绰ѩޱ˽һξֳٵ֪ԷȻ̩ԭг˴εŮʱǺмֳԾġ̩ξֵ״ֹۣܲ˵Է̩Ҳһģôһͷξ̯ˡ
ף̩ʱ򣬻ΪʲôܺκǰĿЦˣԭ˼Ҳͷġ㣬һûʲôõǵģοһǵĻƾֳ˱Ƚ̵ӡڸղ˵뷨Ժ󣬶ԷŻ˼ġ
ܶԷĳͷֻҪԸ£ӭĻֻĶģĶȥˡ̩ҵһһʱ˼Ժ󣬲ȷķ򣬾κʲôãҪ˵ǰг˴εŮεҲС
ڶһ磬һӵκĵ绰Ҫȥʡμһ飬û취һȥϵˣһѾ߹һȥϵɳķɽ᲻ȥˣȻǰк
һڶԷǺģ˶ǸɲһϾǴģھְϣκҪ߰뼶֮ǰҲʾҪվӣ˾͵ó¼ʱ㱨
Էȥȥ޹ؽҪһҪľһ̬ȡȻ˼ѾȥˣȻҲ˵ʲôһûԺ͹Ҷ˵绰
⼸춼ܣвٹĻѹһ֪ͨѩޱٵȥʮϵһ£ʱֱӵºĴĳԷһǶӡǺܲģκȥѩޱҲˣôģô˵ˡ
ѩޱҶϵ绰Ժ㷸ԺﲻɵøֳϴڷɽС﷢һĻͷ¹ײʱһֱһܣڶԶԷһʲôĸоϰԺûмԷͻÿģֱԷ֮ʱָоŻʧ
мСһֱûиһϼԷһŮؼԺּǸŮһˡ
ϸ죬׼ȥˣ¥ǸŮʱûϳԷڣŮڸʻϣûпԷӡǸŮȻʶк
Է˵裬ڴŹܶǰͺһʶˣһʱ飬˺˱ˡ
ѩޱ㲻Է˵ЩĿģú棬ҪǺһŮѶԷˣѩޱһԷؼ
ѩޱں˼֮ʣ칫ҵͻȻƿˣɫһ죬æӣվſڵԿԺȴǲˬλδе̫ûòˣϾǸŮʿôֱܲžͽأ
ѩޱԷ֮ΪԪšʶԺѩޱɫһʵ飬𣿡
ԿȻԪһǰܵ͵ϣгصͷͳˡѹûע⵽ѩޱϲˬɫԹԵߵ칫ɳϣһƨ
Կһλã̧ͷѩޱһۣȻ󿪿˵Σг֪ͨһһҪȥϺһˣ׼һ£ҲŹȥȻƺΣ֮˿ûа֮⣬·гѩޱأ
ѩޱԶԷżëǷУѾǵһˣΪԪӣûкͶԷƽϣٴӦѶԷߣǲ
ԿϣѩޱЩˣ㲻ܸӣԽǸӣԽǵűģԸЩһֻкݺݵشǵֻҪһΣ´Ͳˡ죬ѩޱ׼ôȥ졣
ɨԿһԺ˵ԿƳ˼鷳תԪгһһҪгȥϵκгȥʡ￪ȥˣҸг˼ˣҪǲȥĻ̫˵
ѩޱҪ˵վȽŸԪгһǳ񸱣˵иΣӦгĺ档ѡһһȥϵȻҵҪֵӦԪղŵһʵ˵ԪģֻԿŴ
ôģǲҲô룬ԿˡѩޱĻԺȸо⣬Ϊиһأ쵼⣬û˺ô˵
ѩޱĽԺһ˵ΣҸղ˵гһȥϺһˣҪظһ𣿡
˵⻰ʱ򣬿԰гֵҧúأ˼ǸѩޱԪһ֣һֻ϶
ѩޱԿĻԺɫһ˵ԿƳҸղŵĻӦˣҪظ˰ɣ
Կ벻ѩޱȻһش𣬶ʱеҲסˣŭ˵Σг˼Ǵģ̬쵼˵
ѩޱԿ⻰Ժֿ˻ɵȻ˿̻ڳƤ죬΢΢һЦȻһζĿ˵ˣԿƳгĻѾˣҿ뿪ҵİ칫ˡ
ѩޱ⻰ݺݴԿǴгģҲϣڻˣΪиο뿪˰ɣ


ھŰٰʮ ߵԭ
Կ⻰ԺȻ⻰˼һڣվûߣֱߵѩޱİ칫ǰ˵Σǲǿ԰ղ˵ԭг㱨
ѩޱЦԺ󣬿ŶԷһ˵û⣬Ǿ鷳ԿƳˣʡȥһˣг飬Ҳἰʱû㱨ģõʱ쵼
Կ⻰ԺˮȻѩޱ˵Ŀģվһ͵һ˦ͳȥˡղ仰һӵģźǣѩޱûиᡣ˿ֻ̣ĬĬ뿪ټװƵĻյĽ֪
ѩޱԿˣóСױԺ󣬶СգֻϺͨͨġüǿѽԸһС飬죬ԸĽɫһ˳ܵ
뵽ԺѩޱԼԺһҪǿһ㡣ڿʵʵڵĴܼңгг⣬Ӧþ˵ˡ˭飬ϻǹ鳤иιܵġ
ҵĵϣָֻŵġѩޱ˵
ѩޱ˿ϵı쳣ᶨ˭Ҳ޷ڼǰһĽɫղݺݵشгصɲһĴղǷٶҪģʲô̶ûУӲĻǵ֪ôġ
ѩޱ˿̵Ȼ̵ģڿһġ족֣֮ҪǿӲһʶҲһһ£ǰڽ¬ص飬Ҫǻһ˵ĻԲ˵ģһӲŶԷͷ
Ѿȫһȥ¬صĽߺ̩⣬Ҳеףڽ¬صʱ򣬹Լҳ¾ˡһоΪ˱ƳͷȻصذɫݵĿ
ԴԿò˶ã¾ͻܴˡղԿԺ󣬲ûйţ˵Ȼ󣬵һˡĻ⣬ڵԵģٶԤĸ죬ȻˣǴʹɣĳ̶ֳ˵ѩޱҪЧ
ʼʱѩޱʵڶԿе浽ͶԷִʱѩޱӦҲŵһð취ԴίԺЩ˱ôرǼϵĿƳǰʱôڼˣ˾Ϳʼ뷨ˡ
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ΪԼֵģһѩޱ˵˴ƷƵ顣˾ĥһһţȻȸղŷˡ
һѾ˵ˣԷûиӭϼ쵼һסǳϵʱһѩޱԷһ绰ϵվǰʮ·ڻԺ󣬱һɳķʻȥˡ
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Ҳڸոչ·ϻӵºĵ绰˵һ쵼ǽѡƵʱ󣬾;е㲻ףڵ绰Ҳûж˵ʲôڼԺһԴ֮ǰǴˡ
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ھŰٰʮ Ȫ
ѩޱһȻ˴̩ε뷨ڻڳ졢н׶Σôĵģ֪ԽԽã֣ϣȻǲܻӭ
ԷʲôرҪĽɫбҪһ죬ºһ򷢶ԷߡôȻе˼ܱ˰һļƻй¶ȥҪǿ
ѩޱĻԺ󣬷ѣȻ֣ͬɾʲôͷһʱȥѶԷӳӹġ˵ӡҲã糿ϳԺվڸʻϵʱʱ͵زʹȣǲˬ
˵ѩޱ죬Բ߶ԷġѩޱĻԺֻ˵֣ͬҲǺϤһһһܡ
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ԷʱһǸ֣ͬȻϣЩ죬Ҳû˵ʲôɫλϡ
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֣ͬ⻰Ժ˵˵޾Ʋ磬ϰҲһƬģҾüλ쵼Ӧøӡǰ磬ʡǵʱʡǺ˲٣ӲŲûٺȵġ
֣ͬ˵⻰Ŀᣬչֵʵһ£ʡźȾƣҲһгѣ˺üءˡ
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ھŰٰʮ ǮҲ
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Է⻰һɫһվ˵е㲻ȥϢһ£ԣ˵󣬲һӵʾվ뿪ˡ
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Ƽ״ɫһһҲվȥˡ
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˵⻰Ժѩޱؿһ·ڵƵġ
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ת۹򣬱ɣɾ׷ϴˣٶȼֻԶԶظţҪǱһֵĻ˵ᰤź˵Ĺ治黹˾ˡ


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˵ϰɻûгأ͡
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پ߲ѣæһ˦ͷЩ߰Ķ׿ȻЩ׾׿ġ


ھŰٰʮ Ҫ
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һȥҹȶ˾ƣͷκ۾յģûΧſڵʱ򣬼Źţʶһ֣ץסŰԺԱһϴʱù䣬֪ⲣţһƣͻ˳򿪡
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һ˿ҲӦˣæͬʱ˵˼ҡҲ֪棬Ҳǹ⿴ġ
ѩޱԺ󣬸࣬ҪǶԷ˵˻װʲôҲûзڱԷһ˵װװȥˡѩޱ֪ԷҪϲѾˣûҪٴˣǵͷȥ
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һԷ׷ˣһæ򿪳ţ˳Ȼ󿪿˵ҪԺûһɣʡõȳ鷳
⻰ǿģ֪һôȥЦ˵û£ҶϰˣҺͮĿںǼ
һĻ󣬱ߴ𣬱߿ŶԷЦЦȻʵͮأôûкһ𣿡
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һ뵽Էʱƺ˺üʱ䣬ʶԷǲ£Էش˵ûСڿʱԲѽһǺͮԼˣ֪ǶҲ̫ÿڣֻöԷˡ
һһֱ͵ŵſڣȻŵתͷȥϰࡣһ·ϣע۲죬Ҫ¾СȥϰĻҪת˳е̫鷳ˡ


ھŰٰʮ Ǽ
ʶԺһ㰵һ⣬ʱԷһϲôһֱΪʲôڵʲôһǳҲ֮ǰôᶨˣֻԾмԥһֱò⣬ô˵Էһӡ
Ժκһݼƻһϡ˶Էһۣ˵гξֵʱģҲ֪ǲǷҪ󣬿Ժָ㣡
κٵĹͣ˵Ķ֮ǰѾһˣȷʵȽרһҪ˵ԼģκеŲ졣
һûпǸƻ飬ЦŶκ˵κгǰȥǷɽǵĴ˰ɣоô
һȥȥʱκûиϡΪöԷȫԼ˼һѩޱ߶ԷʱԷȥԴ˿̣Żдһʡ
κһ˵ĿȷʵڼƻĿҲ֣ʱעһ¡Ǹϰͦģǹȥʱ򣬺飬ӲǸ˵ز
һ󣬺ǺһЦ漴ЦҸȥºûиɫѽ
ҪҰҵǷݸɣκЦ˵
ղ֮԰ǻó˵Ŀľ뿴һһºĹϵڶԷشȻ֪ˡ
һæŶԷ˰֣˵ģҵȥǼһҪȥ
һκԺ󣬸׼оһξָݼƻ飬ϵĵ绰ͻȻһһú⣬Ϊ绰֮Ȫģ˼׼Է
Դϴ˵һԺʱûйӣæ顣һҲ˵֮Ȫʱæɳ˾飬׼ģʲôġһֱĿټ֮Ȫģѹû⡣
͵ش绰˵ҪԷ⵹еһ֮⡣Ҫܾģ룬ǴӦԶԷ뻹е棬˵ϴ˰ѻ˵ǷˣԷӦòѵʲôʲô绰ģһʶһ¡
ʱһŵ̩Ƶꡣ
Ƶ꾭ԺæӭС˵ггת㣬Ԫʹȥ
Ƶ꾭егָ֮Ȫ˵гһЩʽϣһҲǳΪгģҲһǱˡ
һ󣬵˵ͷھĺ棬ݼȥ
˵Ժһװʵг⣬Щˣ
һʻԺ΢΢һ㶣˵г볣гԷܲȸ֪Щ˵ġ̩̩йٷϵǳܣȻҲǰһԺС˵湲߸ˣг⣬һʶǵĿӦӦģλŮʿ
һԺ΢΢ŶԷ˵ͷʾлеʶģ֪˵Ŀһ˵Ҫ֮ǰһҲ뵽ˣϵĿˣ֮Ȫ֮⣬Ӧö̩еģĻԷͲˡ
ʱԺ󣬴ҶѾԪ֮е㲻Ըˣ֮ȪԪĵ֣Ȼûкһ׽ĵ
Ӧ˭أ֮ȪӦúһ·ˣôöԷأһﰵĥ
ݺܿ쵽˶¥һھĺԪȥſԺ󣬾ţ洫һԺ󣬲ƿȺʵİţȻߵһߡ
һߵſڣͼ֮Ȫӭ߳ȥЦǺǵ˵гãӭӭ
һҲȥЦ˵гл
֮Ȫץסһ־ûɿЦ˵гܼλӦѵġ
һ״ҲЦ˵ǾͶлгˡ
Ȼ˵һʵһҲΪȻڳ޵Ůʶ⣬һ㶼İһǰʱŸոռ档վһߵºν֣ͬԺе֮Ȫٷˡ
֮ȪһǰԺָžеλŰ˵һӦҲһʱ䣬λӦʶɣ
һ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵ӦպԹӣһȻ׾ʶġ
лǿһĻԺ󣬺ãվŶԷ˵˵гĴˣ컹ǳεüһᣡ
лǿһȽ˽ģϸոջʱͽԷߵ˴ˣоʱʡί֯ɲһ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ˵ԹӣһǼǴˣͶǰǾͼˡ
ŶлǿһĻԺ󣬺⡣˽һҲһҲʶҪ˵˼ĻûκӡһԺǺͷ˵г˵滰ôһӡҲûа
һǺһЦ˵ԹȥݵĺɣûмǴĻ׼ǱͶʷزģֻǺǣˣλֵܣӦýкɣ
һ˵ָָվлǿߵǸݺڵӡ
һѣлǿǰλгǵںûиӵǸСᡣףΪʲôһһֵʱΪʲôô죬ԭô¡
лǿһЦ漴˵гһѣһһˣȥȥɣϣл
һ˶ԷĻԺֻǺǺЦЦûд𻰡


ھŰٰʮ 
ʱվлǿԱߵĺҲײ´·Ƶģָһ˵㡭ںǿӵǼҡ
˵ʱлǿعͷһۣŭ˵˵˵ʲôû˵ư͡
һԺ󣬺͵¶ԼϰԣòƲʲôʵ飬ԼȻ˵潫˵˳ɵˡʶԺæ첻˵ˡ
֮Ȫһ˵лǿʶмʧ֮⣬һ˵׹˵Ǵμ񲢲̫ģмֵ֮ǰʧǵлǿƲֱһһμǵ𣬲ǣܾ
ͨϴκһĽԺλгѾǵλ°ˡλˣƱˣ˵̬ȸǱˣϴ˼˺ӡУһӦòرˣʡίУѧϰʱ򻹲ǣں֮ǰò˷ǳĸı䡣
֮Ȫǽˣ˫ղǺѺãȻҪվԲˣЦŶһ˵һгȥ鲻ˣۣǲһݣ
һ龰ҲЦ˵лгˣ룡ǫһ£лǿԺ󣬻ŶԷ˵ͷ
һԷԲΪ˳Ժȵģһ顣Ȼ˵ĻżֻܳӳԣȴƵúܺãСԺҲ϶ˡ
֮ȪȰԺһӲƴˡϣ˵ģΪ֮Ȫ֪֪ףɸ޷˵ڡ
лǿ֮Ȫһۣ֪Էǻмַ֮ĵģԲôȰһӦöٺȾˡȻĻҲûҪ˵ˣĻԵǺƵġ
֮ȪõлǿʾԺ󣬳һ˵һгٷʵԹģֻм˶ѡ
һ⻰æЦǺǵ˵ԭˣǾ̫лԹˣҸ͡ڽ岻ʣҾԲƾԹһ
˵⻰ԺһѲеİ׿ˮ˾ƱУȻлǿһƣ漴ͷһ
лǿ龰ƣĲȱоƣĻܻһòӣ顣뵽Ժ˵䳡滰Ȼѱоһڸˣɾʱⷢˡ
лǿҲǸޡű¶ŮͻȻ˵λгǲѽȻð׿ˮ˼ҺȾƣҽǳʶˣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬰һŭʵԹӣλǣҺ飬ʲôʱֵһŮˣ
лǿŮ˵ĻԺ󣬾ʶҪˣһĻϿҲסˡԷֻŮ˵ĻԳһ£˵ҪŮһʶᣬԷȴֱӰìͷָúûӣûء
ҲԿһĺ֮˵£뱻ҪǲڵĻȻǲܣǵϿŮ˵˵ڵĻױԷЦ˵Գг֮𾹺һŮһʶ
ƲŮ˲̸ֱӱлǿȥͰ鷳˦˶ԷһûУŮлǿߣ֮ľֹǣŮˡŮ˲أֳ㿪ڣҲ㣬ָȥ˭أܲںһϾɣ
лǿһһ۳ߵŮ˺죬ʲôʱֵ˵ˡ
Ů⻰Ժ󣬾ίǰлǿ˵ģͷԷ˵ôܵءŮΪʱлǿǳ谮С˵ҲʵɣͲ
СʱǳĻشÿһ˵Ķ⻰Ȼ˵һ˭Ķ棬ںлǿϾ
лǿȥݺݵ˶ԷһۣеͿŮƽʱȥɵģôôءҪոոϵģʾûйһݺȶԷһӡ
һԷߵŮˣٵһѻװճв˵ӣԽлǿŮһۣͬʱطһŶ֡
Ȼֻһ֣ڰǳĻУԵøעĿһлǿĶ棬һֳЦЦһŮ˶㲻ϰԴĶܵ䣬Ůû˿ңʧˣǿûطȥ䵱һ档
ʶԺлǿ͵һתȥŮ˼˰Ưӣ֣ݺȥֻžһ£Ůķָۡ
һͻȻıʣڳһ˵֮⣬ŮҲסˣȻǿɵɵϡ˺һᣬŷӦӳ鴤£׼޳ͻȻлǿŭӱţҿһԣ
Ů˱ͿһƯ췹ԵģĶĸҵлǿǿűʹӲһҲûҿ޳
һ龰ǺһЦ˵ԹҲ̫棬Ůʱ΢ѵһ£ǶؾˣûҪּƽϣ
лǿ⻰Ժ󣬲ûţʰ㣬ڷ˵Ļ㣬ˣȴҵţʲô¡
һ˿ǿĵģΪղŮ˳ڱлǿʰˣûеҪһŮ˼ƽϵĳ̶ȡֻǾͨ£лǿһ񣬴̣붼˾ÿġ


ھŰٰʮ 
һڰԵ֮ʣûע⵽Թ޵ĿͶϣĿǸոձлǿƯŮϾꡣȻղűлǿݺʰһ٣ȴҰѶڶԷϡղһкǰλгѲ˵Ĺϵ
ҪǲһӣҲ̫ԲΪ˴ϸʡӸǷŬˡһгʲôԹӵϵǸʡ˵ʲôҲûʲô˵ġ
˵ϵǹƽģʹһضһһĴԡ⻰ʱ治ܲš
СлǿÿԽˣǳ֮ȪʹһɫöԷ̶·졣
֮Ȫ״΢΢˵ͷһ˵һгʵԹҳٷи뷨ھ㷹֮ʣҲ˵һҷƵĺûᣬ֪һгǲǸȤ
һﰵΪɵأдҷƵĺûᣬңǼ˹ˡﲻΪ⣬һװܸȤģ˵Ŷĺ£г˵ı֣˵ĸоһƵġ
лǿ⻰ԺߵŮʹһɫ֮ȪߵĹһȥŮ˸ոհ˴Сèԣ״æվ͹һȥ
Ů˳ȥԺ֮Ȫſ˵һӦӦ֪˴ɣ
һΪԷҪ˵ɽȪ飬Ǹ֣ͬǾһ֤ںɽׯʱһʱһţļƣһֱѹƨûзһղվһƵʱҲǹؾصġ֮ȪȴͻȻ˴飬⵹һо⣬֪Է«﾿ʲôҩ
һԺ󣬾̽һ£˵ӦĻ˴ҵ˵ƺ̫á˵⻰ʱлǿһۣ뿴Էķӳ
һ⻰Ժлǿ΢΢һ˿֮ɫ漴ܺõ˹ȥ
֮ȪһĻԺ󣬵Ϊ⡣Ȼһְֱ̩ҲȥӦ죬ڻ֮ǰ黹ġһ֮ǰʡί֪֯ȻǲΪˡ
ŲŲƨɣ廻һΪƣȻ˵֮ǰˣڻ˴Ѿ鵽Թ£𱬣׼̩пһҷֵ꣬Ƕһɣ֪һǲҲȤ
֮Ȫ˵ʱ򣬳һлǿ֮˶˵ͷǶѾˣ֣ͬɡ
һ벻֣Ļȷʵе㿪ͷڴɽׯ˵ĻȫǴţ뵽ʱһеˣ̩е˴ķֵʮа˾ž֣Ͷʵġлǿûôһʽһ๫ӸеĻҲԲóͶʵġ
֮ȪһڱĿ˼ΪеĶˣǽſ˵һͷʱǺܿԣĻҲûйϵλ֣ϰ԰æвƴҷ׬壬ɾûˡ
֮ȪĻ֣ͬվžƱһ˵гϴμʱ򣬶е㺣ȸΪ˵⻰Ժ󣬲һ̬һﲱӰѾȫɤ
һԷıǲģҪǾΪ£֣ͬӦò˵͵øղ֮ȪĻ˵ȷʵǰǮڴֻ͡ҪһͷǾ͵ӵ̩л˴ĶٹɷݣҪľǵ÷ֺˡҲǷνĸɹɰɣ˵Ų̨棬ҪҲж⡣
Ժһȡ֮ƣǺ滹ʲô˵ǣЦ˵лԹӡг֣ϰʢ飬˵ʵһе㶯ģǼҵûȥʾһ쵼ԹȣɾˣҲû취ϰˣǺǣ
лǿ֮Ȫ벻һȻ˵һﶼɻ󣬵Ҳö˵ʲôһ˵Ȼеף˭Ҳ޷֤ĻǼٵġ˵ģ⻹е˾Ρ
лǿ֮ȪһףһסȻ˵飬һĻһܾͲ̫ſˡ벻ڶԷȴһ̫֣⵹е˲֪Ǻˡ
лǿ֮ȪУŵĺ£һԲܾģǮ׬ûκηգ˭ҪǾܾĻǲɵһ򲽽һܾĻҲûйϵǾͲ˵ˣİ취
ֻҪݾߣǵĻỹǺܴģڵһڰǹ׶㡢ѷڶԷȴһŲ̬ǿԷ̬ȣ龿˵ǲ˵е㷸ˡ
лǿͻȻ˵ղź˲پƣģȥϸϴּ䡣˵꣬վ׼ȥ
֮Ȫᣬæ˵ԹӣȵңҲȥһ¡˵⻰һǸص˵ͷлǿһȥˡ
һ֪һǳȥԲˣҲżϵ̺Уһ֧ϣ׼ȥôֻžһ֣ͬһֻΪԷ˻һһԺ΢ЦųŶԷ˵ͷ
μ棬֣ͬɵ̬Ȼͬĵ绰һ֪һǶԷ˵һЩ¼ԲŻ˱仯ġеʱһ㵹Ҳȫǻ£ٿסЩţ
һƵһҲûںɽׯǳ˱񣬻صӦԺ󣬱лǿ̸¡˼öԷ˭֪лǿȴĸһĵϸ˵


ھŰپʮ ˽Ƕ
֣ͬ󣬵һԷʡί֯ǰĺˣһоıǵģǰλԴҲõ֣ͬһˣһһɹˣǾԲġ˺һԵͷμԷʱ̬ڵúܵͣǰʾãȡöԷ½⡣
лǿ֮Ȫȥ˴ԼңȻһǰһˡһϵ飬֪ȥԺӦѾһˣԴ˻мڴ֪ԷôؾʲôͶԷĥߴˣֱӿ˵Թӡ֮ȪгҿⷹҲˣҪǸپۣ
֮Ȫ⻰Ժæ˵һгղûôȾƣʳߣѾԸˡ
⻰ԺһȻڼˣЦŵ˵ͷ
лǿϵļƷƺ¥ݸÿһ֧Ȼźһʹɫһϻ
һԺлǿͻȻ˵гǰ֣ϰ˵ϵɳǲ׼ο˵񻹷Ȫ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵ԹӵϢͨѽȷʵô£ʲôģﻹûγͳһʶ֮ȪгӦ֪һ˵⻰ʱĿ֣ͬɺ֮Ȫһһɨ
֮ǰҲ֮Ȫϵܴһ£˵¹гֹܡлǿ˵֪Һ֣ϰû᣿
ղлǿ֮ȪֱӺһ̯ƣķӦȻ˵ĻлǿҲͲٹҶֱ⡣
һ⻰Ժ룬ŶҾͲҹֻΪ˳Զٷ͵ĸɹɸңĻһöǹĿ࿴أźǣʵʸġ
лǿ˵Ժ󣬲ûش𣬶ǶԱݵĲˮڣö˼ӵʱ򡣴˿̲ô󣬶ԷԲаģֱ֮Ӹһ϶𰸣ԷеŵĸоȻǾĴ𰸵ġ
Ѳ豭ŵԺһ̧ͷɨһۣȻһ϶¶ڴ֮ɫлǿҲ⡣ҶóɽĿȪɽׯ޽ܴľЧ棬Щɶɲǲĵġ
һװڵòˣ¶һ˿΢Ц˵ԹӺ֣ϰΪ̩еķչһΪ̩еһӣҺ֮Ȫгǻӭģ嵽ɽĿʱһ治ñʲô̬ղѾ˵ˣĿﻹûо忪о֮ȪгģھǶλʲôŵĻҲǺƣʵûκ塣֮Ȫг˵ǰɣ
׻˵˵˵ֶ̡һǸոճ˼һٴͣҪʱѻ˵Ļδе̫ϵˣղŵĲԣ̫֣˳֮ȪҲˡ
֮ȪһĻԺƲѡղŶԷ˵ǸҲʵӲ˵Ļǿе۾˵Ϲ˼ˣҪǸһĻǿɾöԷȥˣ֮Ȫһ˽ѵľء
һ֮ȪΪѵı飬ֿ˻Ϊδ˿̵飬豭ζغ
ÿ˶֪һղǷ⣬һӾͲ֪ӦԡлǿϾϽһ˼Ժ󣬱뵽˶ԲߡһЦгղ˵ǸҪ˵гһƽͷҲ˽⡣ɽȪҲʱ飬һ㹻ӵģҲһ˳µ飬֮Ȫ˵԰ɣ
֮Ȫղűһ÷ңлǿΪѣȻҪȫϡлǿĻ䣬æ˵Թ˵ûȻûоۣ쵼ǶԴһǳӵģʲôģҲǸʱѡһг˵Ӧûɣ
֮ȪܴɽسλһԾΪг˵Ĺϵɷϵ˵һġղŵ⻰˳ӦлǿһҲӴˣбƶԷ̬˼
һҲû뵽֮ȪķӦȻѸ٣Լϵһԭⲻػ˻һ˼Ժ󣬿˵ȷʵ¾㣬мӦûһԱȽĹ̰ɣ
һĻԺһӶ֪˵ʲôˡлǿҪöԷȥˣԺһĻǿɾˡͷһת˵ɣгǲģ͵˵ĽǶȶԣɽĻܸܲҺ֣ϰһᡣ
лǿĻ˵϶¶ϲɫﶼһ֣һȷĴ𸴡벻лǿȻ˺УֱȥԷҶĻᡣ
һ⻰ԺǲˬԷһ֮һֱԸѻ˵ǲ뼤λ淴ɽԺһŵĿܣô㣬ﻹûȫеסʱͶԷѹϵ㽩ΪĿѶȣԾʲô顣
лǿȴһͱˣսߵ˼ҲһĺʤΪǲɣ
һ׼ͻȻлǿղ˵ǻɵһϲһŵˣ˵Թӣ㷽ɽĻҴҸȫ֧֣ϰļ롣˵Ӧû˰ɣ
仰Ȼд˼лǿ֮Ȫ֣ͬ˿Ѿ˲Сϸˣһɿˣ˺Ĭضһۣ¶ʤߵЦݡ


ھŰپʮһ ƻ
һ˶ԷıԺﰵʱǸһ£˵˭ЦǾ͵õȽ֪ˡ
лǿ˿ɲĺͯݵ˷Ժعˡлǿһһ˵гĹоϻһԣ׷Ӧ֪ɣ
һЦ˵Թӣܷģĳ䲻Գƾӣ˵⻰ϻʱ̷ϵġ
һ˵⻰Ҳģɵöлǿ˼־֮⡣ԷƵһ̬ջǰѶԷΡȫʤͷԣûⷽʶˡ
ΪĵѾ˵ˣⷹҲûмȥıҪˣҲͲʲôʳʳˣ׷վ׼ǡ
ٳ֮ʣлǿסһ֣˵һϵѽҿղ˵Ĺֵ̩飬ͲҪˣС»õŻؼҺϱδҲ̫Ǹһɣ
һǺһЦлǿ˵Թӣ֪ܷһ˵
лǿ󣬵˵ͷȻһߵһߡ
һС˵ԹӣҲӦΪѣȻҲˣӦò᲻֪ŰɣǺǣ˵ʵǶҵĹɷݣ⻰ҲҺ˽˵ģҪǳҿɲѽ
лǿ벻һ˵һһӲ֪ӦˡһĶԷļȻվԼ岽֮ң֮Ȫ˻˻֣һݿȥ
Ժ֮Ȫվסˣһ˵Ժߵлǿĸǰʵǿ磬˵ʲô
лǿ˿һͷˮ֮ȪʻԺһղ˵Ļظһ顣֮ȪҲһɶĺСͷԵĸо
ﶼһͬʣ¶һ˵ӦǸȽܵ飬ΪʲôҪлǿ˵أ˵ˣͻйϵҲӰڻ̩иɹѽ˶һһľٶˣ֪ôڡ
һϵԺ֪лǿ֮Ȫһĥղ˵Ƿ⣬¶һ˿ЦһŤԿףɣ漴
ļʱһеľǷξָļƻϣжԺκ١ʥϸڣֱĵΪΪֹ
޸Ժһݡ̩չҵƻ顷˳¯ˡݼƻּǰ̩ξһ壬ʵһƱơ仰˵̩ΣֻҪһƱͿ̩ɽȪԡԼɫȡ
ȻȪԡͽɫȶǷֵεģƱ͵εġҪߵεԡȣȻ͵лǮˡ
ݼƻг⣬зǳҪһ־ǹξ㿪ġĿǰ̩ͽ¬ؽɫݵⲻֻ̩ҪͶһʽƹˣɫҪһĹ滮ȫԽ¬صͬ־ȥ
̩в״һóǧɽԼɫȪĿ̩εһ㣬ûеĻȻҲǲܵ飬һĻ͵İ취ˡ
ξڼƻĹ۵ǿԺҵ˽ͬȻ̩Ҫռٷ֮ʮһĹɷݣҲǱտعȨξڼƻԺͺĵϰºԭȣԷв뿪򣬲ṩ㹻ʽΣȪȪ۾ڶԷĴ棬ҪƲĻҪٹһǣ⳥⡣
һ֮ξֵ˰ºҲдƻΪ˵ϡڵˣ̩вڶʱ֮òôʽɽȪȼٴ壬ȻҪ˺Ļºѵĺѡɺܼ򵥡
ҪĻ͵Ȱ⸶ºʽóȻٺﰴ̯ʣµʽºⲿʽҪ̯ĻǾûбҪѡȥˡһ£˭ԸͶһʽ⸶ºȻٺк
ƻⶨԺһѩޱһݸԪͬʱҲһݸ֮šȻְΧڵ飬¹̩зչĴ£ջҪͳί۵ģһôҲûʲô⡣
ƻȥĵڶ죬Ԫ֮Ⱥһ̸˻֮䣬ڴйº
һҲûѶԷһһʮ˵˳رǿǸĵĹģȻ˵ǴģʵһС͵Ķȼٴ塣ºȺʵͶﵽٶҪʱöԷ˳Ļûзһļ룬˼һͬġ
Ԫ֧һǲǻԿˡһûֻͷ̡Ԫ׷ʵü˵ʱһָָǷݼƻ飬˵гξֵͬ־ǵˣƻ涼С
ԪȻ֪ƻУ֮ǰǰúжüˣ֮۵Ǿǰʾһǲǿ԰ݼƻһġԷװƵģûĻ磬ֱ˵һѽ㿴ǲξֵͬ־ٿǿǡһٴĿΪеķչھĹУǲǿԿǸһ㣿
һȻ֪⻰˼ȻԷû˵ҲֵװͿԪûӸҵ˵Ҫչлǿ֮ĻĻгҲͷˡ
˼һԺһ˵гҵûпǵ죬ҺгϸоݼƻԺ󣬾ûʲô⣬һݱһݱί죬Ҫð칫ҵȥùξֵͬ־޸һ£


ھŰپʮ 
ԪһĻҪˣ룬ⲻǳҿȻѾ֮ǶȥôûأǲǳԱ𣿵ʱף˼б͵͵أ͵ʴס
ʶʱԪﰵ֮Ȫлǿ˵֮ǰ˵Ѿһ̸ˣģ̸ûǺã
ԪһڨЦȻſ˵ȻѾȥǾˣҪû޸ģǲЦڵ飬Լûиأͱȥˡҿɶˣ
Ԫ⻰ر˶һĲȻ˵жǿң⻹һֱӵλ
һ󣬲ûпöԷǲˬȻ˵Ļ˼˵Ҳδɣ˸ռˣ˼Ͽһ£Ҳе̫ˡ
һһᣬԷûʲôָʾˣվˡ
ջص칫ң֮ŵĵ绰ʹˣ˵ȥ칫̸顣һҲûкӦ˵͹ȥ
֮Ųûжʲôһκ䣬˵Ϊ̩ҵµľ㣬ϲɺءһǫԺ󣬱̬˵ίǿĺܣǲŸ˼ɵطſֽȥġ
֮ŵȻóһĸñӣǸоá˭ϲлأڳһɼʱ
ֳлԺ֮ͻȻ˵ξֵͬ־ʱĳ˲࣬Ҳæģг˵һ˵һܸܲǷ㽱ʲôģǲܼܣԲѽ
һû׶Է˵⣬֮ͻȻְѻһת˵һѽҪǸĻÿǷǳģ㿴ξǲбҪһרŵĹС飬бҪץȻֻҵĽ飬ģгŰ졣
˶ԷǰȥûκιϵĻһӦˣԷΪ֮ѽ˵˲Ϊ𣬾ίҲ⣬˵㲻ͬĽǶҲͲͬóĽȻҲһ
֮ŵҪһ̵ܹģϾҲֵ̫ģԷзһѣһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˡҪûίǵ֧֣Ȼǲʵģȳίһؾ͹ˡԪѾȷʾˣ֮ٲֵ֧ĻǾ͸û취ˡ
Ժһ˵ǵȷʵܺãһȥԺͺξֵͬ־һ£ȻʱʵģڹҪӦû൱ʱ䣬ԱҪ֮ǰԽΪɵͬ־ŷͬͬԭ򡣡
֮żһѾ˼ǿģЦ˵һ˵Ӿǲ϶ˡ
һЦ˵ǣɾ̫ǫˣҿɴѧ˺ܶණڹԴ̩ˡ
һ⻰ȫĶԷƨԴںһܲ˵ĶԺʶԼϴŵ಻㣬Էǳעشӱȡ̡֮λ̩ϴϣȷʵѧ˲ٶ
˵⣬֮ĬˣһȻҲûбҪǰ칫Ҵȥˡ֮ǰԪ̸ԺһͰ۵֮ŵϡ벻̬Է˵ֲþĸоĿǰ£Ҳûа취İ취ˡ
ҪöԷ֧Ĺ۵㣬ֲһôĻǺóɵġ˵²һԼ飬Ϊƶ߾ͱ뿼ǵ֮ķ档֮ŵҪҲ̫ߣĻӦġ
ص칫ԺһֱӴһ绰ξ֡ټʱе֣Ϊĺ룬ȴֲκ칫ҡѵýӵŶεĵ绰УҲκ칫ҵģʵмֹ졣
Ѿ֪˺ĳԻٽӵ绰ʱ̬ȷǳŻͲ˵ãξ֣ǻ٣ǣ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ룬ξֵλӵ˭ĵ绰ôɣģͦĵģŵ绰˵ƾֳãһ
һȻλǿƵĳгæڵ绰ͷ˵гãʲôָʾ
һ˵ƾֳ⻰˵Ҷе޷ˣĶôָʾģһˡ
æ˵г˵
һ漴˵֮ŵ˻յ֣ʻ٣ԷʱĹΣûʲô仯⻰˼ǺֵƾģŻܹ˼
æ˵λͬ־ǰʱ岻̫ãһֱڼϢʱָòѾϰˡ
һ󣬰˵ͷȻԤϵһǱѾ׼ˣ͵ߵıʾˡ˵ʵ֮ŵе㲻ΪȻģԻֻʲô飬òҲûбҪ㣬Ҳ̫һ㡣
ٶ֮źͻ֮ĹϵȻҲǷǳģĻڻشʱ򣬲һеġ
һͣԺ󣬶ŵ绰˵ƾֳκгһҵİ칫һ£Ǹƻ飬һ¡
õģгһ͸κг绰ʵ
һ˵Уɣû顣
ȶԷҶϵ绰Ժ󣬻ٲСذѻͲ˵绰ϡ˺üξֳˣʱҵһüĸоһпɶǵ绰ͷλΰҵĳгġžĽĿչüĸопԽԽǿҡ


ھŰپʮ ٵȵ
ͬʱҲһֵ֮У֮ǰξʱ򣬵Ȼû˻ֳȤۿҪۺ˿ܾͻۺƨɵλˡΪˣϰ̣ҪҪȥһ˼һ£ԷǳгͷġֻҪͷ֧֣ҪʲôҲô׵顣
˵ǰѾˣƾڹٳϻ켣ʮľ飬߻٣ҪκζֻҪԼıְˡ˵һչ֮Ѿʵְˣһǳ֮Ҫ͸ʲôʵʵڵֻҪ׼Ŀ꣬Ȼ֪ôȥˡ
ϰֵķָԺ󣬻ٱ㲻Щ˼ͷˣԸղʶ绰Ǳ߹ģ̬ù쳣ô˵СҲһ֮õ쵼ɲôûһ绰СϱƵģҲ̫ˡ
һҶϵ绰Ժϰϣ˼˵֮ͨŵĺĿöˣӦø˲Ŷԣ˿ﲻһ˿˷֮УԵ÷ǳʧ䡣
ͨε飬ٴθоһֵıҪ˵ίǣгĻҲ׺ܶࡣĹǾϻٴһѹˣ̫ˡٵľǲҪ뷽跨£Ҫܴһ־ȥųԸĸš㲻˷ྫоǳѹ֣ǲˬ
ڶһ磬ٺκһİ칫ҡ˴ԼһСʱ㣬ڳ̩ξ̩СȷڷɽĿô㣬ﻹûжСֻ̩һʲôƲҪģ˼ҿصʵݡ
ᵽûսСʱκͻ˵΢΢һΪԷʲô·ξָģﶼһһĽԺ󣬶һЩ֮С뷨˶ûб¶ֻˢˢñڱʼǱż¼
һλıֻǺܿĵģһʲôʣʲôʶ㲻ĻҲͲڹٳϻȥˣˡ˼ǺԺ˵ǽ۶һص㹤ίҪٿίר£ǶԴµ̬һҪϽһ㣬ȡ쵼⣬ͬ־⡣
ԸղûսС飬һһͣ˵κͻǲˣǾͲĵˡ
磬һѩޱȥһ˴ŵ³ءȥ֮ǰѩޱֱӴ绰֪ͨȥ³Ƕȣһ֮İţȥܲʱ衣ӽĻᣬȻڶԷĹǺģϾ֮ŵˣͬΪı
󣬴Ѿʼ3.5ֵľͻˣһ¡صĿʽģһˡŸոտûбҪôƣȻֵĳγԺٸҲ١ʱ򣬳سһЩְ塢⣬ʹ̨ϷʲôģòʲôüĶýĻҲûʲôЧһ˵
ϣڴŵдԺһѩޱͻ˼ҡϴε֮Ĺϵеˣ԰ѶԷ͵¥Ժһû¥
ѩޱ͸ķ϶űɣɵͷ뿪ֿĸо˵Ͼô£Ǹое㲻
ǰ죬ȥһɽضͱɩ÷úһѩޱ˰Ƕһ뷨ù÷Ļ˵ٵȵȵúãгȻֵģƣǶҲһʮİܹ⵹һеĻҪ˵ǿܻ⵽гҲп뱻ԻǵҵʵĻ˵
̸Ժ󣬹÷ͻȻѩޱСޱҾгȷʵ˲ࡢ˧Ҳǳأ˵ǰɣ
ѩޱ͵⻰֪ԷָΪΣһӾ֪λشźã֧˰죬˵һ䣬ðɣ
÷״ֻһЦû˵ˡ
Էûûֵһ仰ѩޱɶͷԵĸоһ֮ȻһЩСǶûеڳ·űɩ֪Щ¡÷ղŵǷƺָе㲻ˡ
ڹ÷ִһԺѩޱһڻˡ֮ǰͶԷ˵ãϲȥģղŵԺе㵣϶Էʲôѡ뿪
ڶһ磬һյ칫Ҿͽӵ־Ƶĵ绰Էڵ绰˵Ҫʡ£һǲпգһȥӦһۡ
һȻв飬ȻԷ绰ˣټҲȷʵóʱûк¬־Ƶ˽ˣԱһڴӦ
°ʱ֮ȪͻȻһİ칫ҡܶأ¹ͨȻŽ¼ϰԶԷ̬Ⱥ࣬漴һ˽
֮Ȫģһ֪ԷᣬҲ˵ͷֻų̺Ȳ衣֮ȪȻջǵģǰ칫ңϾ˵һЩ̫Ķ֧̣һлԺѻͷлǿϣ˵ԷҪӦԼһһԶٷ
һ󣬱־ԼȥӦ˵˳˵Ժ󣬺εسŶԷ̯̯֣ź˵ֻõ´ˡ
֮Ȫ䲻֪Է˵Ǽ٣˼Ѿ˵ˣû취һᣬվˡ


ھŰپʮ ̶
һĵң̩ġ
֮ǰӵί鳤߳ɽܵĵ绰Է֪ͨȥٿίᣬר۾÷չ⡣һ֮ŵǶ˼ֺøУΪԷܻһٿ飬벻Ȼô졣
Ƕ˵֮ŻϣɵġӹԴ̩Ȼίǵλòûб仯ȫʡĵλ̩ҪԶԶڹԴУߵġҪһĻȻҲҪһЩѸٵĸԭ
һӦʱ򣬲һ㡣̩Ӧ첢ԶûûԼֱӿġԼԷʱ仹磬һһ绰ӣǲڵλ׼ȥ˭֪֣ȴ˵ݵءһҡҡͷ漴˵͹
ŮԺ֣ѾſˣһԺ󣬾ͶƵһ˽˶ԷĻ
ϼ龰Ц˵һѽþʡе˼į䣬Ҫ൱ѽ
֣ϵ⻰ԺæɷĻ˳ŶԷ˸˵ǲĽѽһҲζɣ
СŮ˱߶죬ȥһֻиںŵķˡ
ϱҪ绰ϵģһġһæ˵һỹ飬ȥݷöԷ֪һͻȻʡǵΪ˿޶ģȻԷ˵ҲͲٶˡ
һȺϳȥԺ󣬲Ÿӣ־ʡ£绰ġѾ¬ԼˣҪٵȥ
֣֪ɷҪȥæ£ȻӲҪֻǶٺȵƣҪǺȶ˵ĻͱˣֱӴȥ
С䣬һʱˣԼ˵һټűɣֱ̻ʹȥ
һǵʱ¬־ƶûй֮УΪ־ƺ˵ʱ絽˶ʮҡ˵У¬λǳȻģһ־ǿվͬһ߶ȡڵԷ飬нĳɾͺͶԷҲ޹ϵһǷĵ־ơһ˻棬ȻҪ̬Ƶ֮Ļƣеˡ
ٷǳԵ÷ǳģڶͬһսģ˵ʲôģ˼ɣҪҴšһѸλԱ˳ȥϲ˵ʱһҪš
־ƴ˴εʡҪ̸һĿҪȥʡϴɽ¬ǲҪעʲô
¬˼ûбҪ̫⡣ԷȻߵ뻴ʡϾزģʡϴԪ˵ûܸһҲסԼλáԷڻѾӪˣɽҲΡʱıԷǱȽϵ͵ġ
һ˿̸ֻһţЩϢէһûʲôʵã˭֪һǲҲٺ־ͬ⡣ĻʱҲͿշץҩˡ
һԺ¬һʱ̩еҪ˵;˭ҪȻǰλʦѡһ̩е״ԼڸοһԷϸػ㱨
¬󣬲ûһ֣ǰĿ⿴־ơԷеһ֣ڵطɱʡί֯У־˵һ˵⡣
¬չҵڴжԣǷǳģкܶ಻߱ĳҲäĿյĽľȴſȸĻɾǵ͵ĺûţһɧˡ
־Ҳµ¬뷨˼Ժ󣬿˵ˣҾһղ˵Ļͦ׵ģ̩ʡڻһ֪ȵģҪΪ̫һԲ޷γһ˵ȥ㣬ҿС
¬־ҲһҲͷˡɽִ¬ϵѹܴǲ¹˵ĵʧҺǸӴеĹϵ˿Ҵ⡣
¬ҪͶԷ⣬ҪԼϻ˵ģӲ¬ڻ̳һ֮ƣ־ơһֱǵĶ㡣־ƶһѾܳʱˣȻҪġ¬ĵľһˣԷǺģϾ̫ᣬĶԷô̰ӶԷлɳˡ
ٷһСʱ˵úܶ࣬ȴȵò࣬һƿę́Ժ¬òٿˡ
˽̻ʹԺһȰ¬ϳȻֻعͷ־ͻط䡣һԺһվǡ
ϵԺһʱѾŵˣͳֻӴ˸绰߶Էһ͵ˡ
֣ѵϿ㣬עⰲȫ
һӦһԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰漴˱ɣɡ
ӽ̻ʹʱһĳٷǳһΪ˾ˣһΪ䲻Ӧɵ̻ʹԷֵ˱Ƚ϶࣬ҲǷ·ΣģСһ޴
ˣɻǳˡһĳչϴ·ʱ򣬳ͻȻ̶üͷҲûкͶԷƽϣȻǰʻȥԱߵλûܴҲûԱߴ̡
Ĺоϻ·죬߰ߡһйоصʻгϣҪĻȫԴǱߵĳ·ԸòöԷ
ǰʻһԺһˣͨӾһۣһѩظʶԺһɵüͷ⳵˵ĸоǲͼһۣԷôš


ھŰپʮ Ů
ԼԺһڷѩ׺ԭˡһɣѸٵʻ˹ѩһԺһӳĳȻ͵һ
һһֱڹעźѩԶɣĶҲúԷƹʱһ̣ͬʱһɲڳԽټϱھԷɣɴԼʮҵľӲɲͣ
ǰϵΪʧػ״ԷȻǳġ˵·ͻȻһǱȽ򶨵ģκϴ̸һ𱻹˶С治ͬʱ򲻹ºڷߣСȫޣҪǷʲô⣬滹е˵ģһǸΪ
һ˿벻ͨǣѾӦѵйĴ˵Ҫôմӽ̻ʹͱ˶أ
һɻ󲻽֮ʣɣġСģˣһŰз۳µС磬ָųһģôģײӵĳ㵽׻᲻Ὺ
ȻԷ˶ڣһҲþǣ˵ָűȴڳﲻҳҲгԸ͵һƿţȻţӳصǸķ۳ŭ˵ҷŸɾ㣬㸸ĸû̹ô˽ѽ
۳벻ôڣԷһ˾ȻôţⲻǹȻʶԺɫһ׼ȥˡ
ʱվĴźڼп˵ˣæһץסļ򣬲֪ڶԷĶ˵˾ʲô۳סΣ˵㣬ȻѩʹһɫڼпСܵ˵ͷԷ˹ȥ
ǰƣһƵģѩأЩһֻȵģе벻˭ôô̩ӦҲͲŶ̶̵ļСʱʱ䣬ȥһŮ֮⣬ĶҲûȥҲûлѽ
һһͷˮ֮ʣѩˣ֮⣬ľȻŮˡڸþȽԶ࣬ӴŴӦŮҲͶʮͷӡ
ȿŮò֮ʱһе⣬ɶˡһյʡίУμѵʱٽСһǰʱոպлǿһȥ̩ǸŮϾɡϴʹöԷлǿһǶ⣬ԲŻеӡҪȻԲǵЩƿһŮӵյġ
һŮͬʱŮȻҲϵıȴȻͬϾǵǷСľս
ϾǰһϵЦŨˣ˵Ӵλг㲻úõ̩һĶֵôܵӦˣǲǻ׼˴һǶѽվôأкһѽ
һʵûкСѾͷϾ£˵ԹӣҪʲôƽ⣬ȥôˣҵĳô£˰ѳŲҾҪˣ
ӴǲǻΪ̩أѵϴ͹ֳֵܣԱѽ֮أϾ˵
С⻰Ժβѣ룬ǵϵհɣ˼ҵĺ̨˵ܰȻ룬ô˵棬ֱֲ˵ϾѾǸ۳СϴСܵչһӣֻϾһѡ
Ͼ˿ڵⲻ֮ʣеСѸת˵ȻᣡȻתȥһشһ
С״ҲͲˡһΪ˱ʧ꼰㣬һĵ˵ͷȻתѩͣŵλȥͨҪһº޹أֻǴ͵ġ
Ͼͨ۾⣬С뿪ˣﰵʲôʱô͵ĪǴˣæȥأҪȻôˬ飬ûɲһѽ
ϾС˵ȥһϽƵģ֮ĹϵʵôǢһжΪлǿСͨ෽ŬںԹӴˣϰΪ͹˳ǵ鵹̨ˣû̫Ӱ졣
лǿ֮ǰĻҲ࣬ټСİͽᣬҲס˶ԷġżȻĻᣬлǿСϾꡣûʲô˼ϾȴȥлǿȻҲܹ˵һ⣬һб˳ˡ
Բ֪һ벻ϾļСҪãлǿźúľͰСһߣȥ̩µʱϾ꣬С
ϳԷʱ򣬴˶ԷһԺлǿϱ׼Էһ˭֪ϾȻһŭ֮£ֱӰѶԷˡ
Ͼɵˣ׼СԲߵģʵڲеĻ˴˺ͶԷһУôһҪлǿջص˵ǿɾˡ
ڿлǿסϵʱ򣬿һɣɴӽ̻ʹʻϾ˵ʶһﺦԹӴͽġһҪͳֻ͸Ѵһ绰ҲǸŷ۳зİ硣
ŮѺлǿһ֪˻թԷһءԹӵıԺ˼ϾʱͲǴŮˣҲûʲô˵ģֻҪʱʹ÷Ѿˡ


ھŰپʮ ϴϴ
ŮܵԹӵ䣬ҲżɾζȶľԴ˲õ顣ղͼһȾƣϾ绰˵ϴκˣȥʰԷһ
æԼһȾƵѹæҲǸڼпˡԷǵϻģҲߡ˸СܣȻֻ³ҪʰһˣǻǴ´ġ
һǰһɫﲻˬ˼㣬ЩһĶǼƽϻе˷ʱ䡣ڵǲҪҪ˼Ҽƽϣ˼Ҫƽϣ⵹˾еΡ
⼸ײĴ磬һԽһתԸļһҪǴ绰ĻֱӴ绰ͷĵ̣⼸ɫ㲻£Ժ󣬹Ҳװˡ
뵽ԺһͳֻͷĺֱӰδ˹ȥ
۳һ׼ҵ绰ˣһ׼ǰֹڼпȴһסҡҡͷ˼öԷȥڷ۳Ķߵܽʲô˳ʱһʰˣҲװơ
۳⻰Ժ󣬿ĵص˵ͷ˵ڸ磬¾鷳ˣȥ̻ʹһ١
ڼп⻰ԺһĺһĹʣ˵ԷʲôģûбҪˣ̻ʹҲܹȥģǰմϵǸɧȻˣģлûǲˬ
۳⻰Ժ׶Է˼ˡǰʱ䣬ڸ֪ϾԺ󣬾Ͱ뿪Цغ˵ʲôʱҲһ¡۳ֲɵƣ˵Ů·ʲôûУ״ǵȻǲеġ벻ڹϣԷȻҪúú˼һˡ
۳뵽ϾСǳԺǲϵ˶ԷĴ˵أǻʲôԥأ˺ڼпһۣ˵ڸ磬ֻҪѽϵ㶨°ϣ֮ڣҰϴװ׸͹ȥ
ڼп⻰ԺתͷϾǺ˿µȺݺһۣ޲ȥԷһ֮ʱͷ۳ߵúܽǿƯŮѡϴһΣԷӲûĻᣬȻǲŹġ
ԷȻɿˣＤѣҪһ绰Ѿȥˣ˵ͻȥˡڼԷڳһװƵļƣǲˬߵСʹһɫرȥ
һ˿̷ǳղŸͷ绰ʱ򣬶Է˵ڽ̻ʹԷأ
Сආߵһĳǰ³ţ˵ϴ绰ˣ˵ʲôʱȵе㲻ͷˡ
һԷһצ̬ǲˬ˶Էõʱ͵ش򿪳ţǰһơֻӴһղŽеǸһ͵һһƨ˵ϡ
ڼпˡ۳Ͼ˴˿̶ǳעߵĶһֱˤ˵ϣȫΧ
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ڼп˱ǰֵһĻͺջٱôһ˵ϸǹҲסˣ˫ȭգ׼ˡ
һȻ˶Էͼ˵˭ִˣվҵĳߣҿţ˭ôСĵģôķӦôѽϴɣҰѵأлҲͰˣô붯֣
ڼп˱Ѿ׼ˣԷĻԺӲȻǳģҲýԷҪǶִֵܣǵȻȥʹڵ˼ҿţµûж㿪Ҫ£Ⱥ֮Ļϴ֪ˣҲóԲ˶ߵġ
ںڼпһĹ򣬴Ӻ͵ʻɫԽҰȻʲôƷƵģ˵ĸоӦüֵơ۳״˵ѰֽˣĻ֮Ƴɹˣ¿Լˡ
۳Ȼǻ콭ģƽʱͺڼп˵˽ӴñȽ϶֪࣬ҪǳȥæܵĻһ㶼ɣɻ߽ݴ֮ĳʲôʱźæܵġĻ˼ҲҪʰˣֱӳ峵ȥ͹ܵˡ˿Ѿ˳ԶԷͷ˵ġ
һ˿̷ǳһǴͷ˹ˣʱǻòӳĵξܿóŷ۳˵ȻѾˣ㲻ȥ˵Ҳʶ
۳⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵УҾȥʶһ£һ绰˭ˣѲӦϵϴҲųʶ˵⻰Ժ׼ֱԽҰȥˡ
۳ǰͻȻһȣҶվһȥ
۳úһǴӺڼп˿кȳģ￩һȻ֪ʲô飬ӶԷĿһ˿η֮⡣ѵ⳵ǴҪȻӲһ֡
뵽Ժ󣬳ʶתͷȥֻһηվǶСȶضͣվԱߵǼһ˵һ㣬ɥȫ㵽ȥ˼
ʱĳŶˣ߳һӸעĿǰ˶ʶ벽ǰ滹Ϊ俪
ⲻǵӰ澭ݵĽϴĻôͻȻأѵ뵽ԺڸһֻۣԷη֮ɫѲ˸ղŵĵݣһɥȮģ
Ӵ˿ŴˣôҲ벻ʱϴϴȻͻȻϵڳ˸ոմһ绰ղŻЦԷ˵еˣ³ôˡ


ھŰپʮ ë
뵽ʱ򣬺공ǵ˼ˣĸоǳϴëһСĵظڴʱҲ岻סˣæ첽ӭǰȥ
ӵͷһسƺããëã
ΪԷͣסʲô£°һҲνɳ֮ǣкԺţֱղűͣɣȥ
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µСǰλôˣҪں浹ùˣԷͷǿ˼οĻɫ˵˶ûпܡ
һӳԺ󣬴ͷæ첽ǰ˵촦ŶԣгãеѽǱǸЩ۾Ķˣϣ˲С˹ൣ
ͷȻʲô£Ŀǰ£Ǹ׼ûֻҪһƽˣ鶼˵˵ȺСڣȥٺúʰǡ
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˵׼ͶԷּƽϣʵôҪģҪȻԷò֪ԼʲôʲôΪһĶֵ˵ءѵӦ֣ҪǲöԷԣ˵´ι治һʶˡ
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ͳһݸһһ֧˵гϢŭ֧̣һʶͷһһġ
һӹݹ̣ӵһصϡͷ״æ׼õĴΪԷϻ
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ʶԺ޺޵سųϾһۣģҲ̫ˣȻга壬ӽǱǺˡ
˿ϾǳջһҲûˣ˿̶Էϵ·ѹˣҲа㷴Ӧġ϶ҸҪҲûᲢۣŮ˶ǣֻһ
˺ëĻԺ󣬺ȥȫ˵˳ȻӦֻҪųͷϾ˯飬ѡˡ
ëԷԺֿ˿վںϵǼСܣǷ׷׵ͷٿǼᶨ֪Է˵Ӧð˾ŲʮԭίԺ󣬺ëһº˲û̫ĹϵҲǰ˳ͷѣҪֻܹŮȻʲôͷֻҪڹ˱ˡ
ëźŭˮˣ˼ôôѽƽʱô̵ǵģ˵гĹܵġҿǾǻˣȥԺ󣬿ӲǵƤ
⻰˵ӵ˵ģһġ˼ܼ򵥣µСܽȻײ˴ݣȷʵûжĹϵһǳġҪĻֻܳȥ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦͷС˵ϰ壬ëֵҲˣ֪ˣʱһûٸϿΡ
⻰ԺͷϹҲסˣ޲Ҹطȥͷźëȵĥߴʲôأ˾ˣǴȴг䡣


ھŰپʮ ճ
ëΪղǻ˵úˮƽ벻ȴϴһ䣬ŭźӵ˵ȫӹȥҲһȥ
˺ëĻԺĶаΥ֣ͷһʹͷǰȥʱͻȻһŮ˵ƾʲôȥѽǵϴ󣬺ʲôϵҲŲȥߣ
⻰ǳϾ֮ڣʱƵ˼㣬Ѵ˹Ҫһʰһ٣ﻹͦģ벻һṦ򣬾ͷͻˡڹһǺӵϴǱߺϴϴ󣬶ЩһǰԽݣȫһСܵɡϾǲˬھȻҲںȥȻԸˣֱӳԿ顣
ë벻ʱȻ˸ΥĻͺǲˬ϶ʱߵϾǰ˵ȥӶ֣öûŮˣӽͲ򣡡
ͷô˵һѵëϾеҲסһСǾȻҲӡҪΪԷǸŮ˵ĻϻֱӾ͹ȥˣëȨ˭սԺôڵϻ죿
ϾʱһֱлǿߣĶ˶ܸӣʱܹ֮ԸôĶҲΪϴһлǿһͣ˿ôı˵ūߺȥġ
̧ͷŭǰԲĺëһһ˵̽ƫȥ㻹ܳҲɣ
Ļ䣬ֻžһϾ漴һȥصؿ״ǰοԷһëƻĿ⣬е㲻ҡӼ״æᳶ˶Էһ£С˵ȥйȥ˺ëһۣԷûȷʾԣæ˹ȥ
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ëæ˵л쵼ӣȥԺһúʰȺӣ֤ԺԲٳƵ顣˵Ժźӵģڸʲôллг飡
ӵŻæ˵ллгллг
һûٺͶԷ˵ʲôǳŷ۳Ͼ˵ҹһ£л˵
⻰Ժ󣬳Ͼ˵͵һػһۣǸһĺһȥ˿̣һ˵һֲĴڣǺ²ѣǲòڶԷߡ
ǰԺһվסӣȻתͷֱųϾꡣ˱Ϊһʲô˵Էվӣûпڣֻ۱ǡʼʱ˻ҺͶԷӣһṦԺ󣬷׷װĿ˿ȥϾǰͷ
һҪľЧڶԷ֪Ǻ֮ʣͻȻˣŶԷ˵飬Ҿ͵ûзϣһˣĻһһġ
⻰ԺĶ˵һ֣ͷǡ
һСתֱȥʹͷ˴һкԺϳﳤȥ
ë״ǰȥ̧źֱӵ˹ȥӿúҲȫܱùȥ˿ȴľ׮һվǶһӲǳϴһšϴôʵڰҪǴͷֵĻԲô赭дġ
ͷëĶԺ󣬵ȻҲ׶Է˼ô˵µɽӻҪġŭ˵пնܹµСܣ쾡ǵġӦˮúܣֻһСɫܶŬŬ죬Ǿ͵ûط°뱲ˣмѽ
ڳͷĻԺһ𣬱ڻ÷ˮģҪĵĸʵȨҪ˵ŬŬˣ˼ʲôҲʾкܶͱˡ
һϳӵ֣ĵ绰ղž˵һᵽˣڿǹô˾Ȼûеңټղź¬־һԷʱֺһƣ֣ľʹ绰ѯˡ
һȻܰѸղŷһĻ߶ԷǲǺԷװ׵˵ڰ·һѣ̸˵飬ԵһᣬѾҸˣϾ͵ˡ
֣⻰Ժ󣬲ŷ
һҵʱѾʮˣСëëѽ磬֣ڴϱ߿ӣߵϹһ뿴ӣ뵽뱣ķ˯һҲˡ
ϴԺæȲ˴̩еʱ䣬ĵطãĳЩѹ֣ԴŻȻҪúõйһ֣Ҳͬ˼ջҹ˾ˮ֮


ھŰپʮ Ժཻ
ڶһ磬һ㷵̩УȻΣ˸ĽŲҴǰСһ뿪ʱСëëûķ䣬Ҵҿһۣ¥뿪˽۾
ʱһ˵Ϊؼ˵οĿѾ֮Ŵһ£ȴ˵Ԫڴûճ䶨֮ʣǾԲҵĵġҲϵӦ죬һͷ̩ԭڡ
糿ñȽ磬һСʱҵĳ̼ˣһ칫ҵʱ򣬲ûгٵ
ٽʱӵлǿĵ绰ӦԤ֮СΪ֮ȪԷûгɹԷȻҪˡ
һгԺлǿ˹ڷɽ顣˵һĿԼˣϾʱһӦղɣҲҪԷһ͡
һˣǰе鶼ƵξֵϣȻ޵һ䣬ӦϾ꣬Էܴ󣬾Ȼʶٵϵˣܳһʶ
˵Ժ󣬲ȶԷһֱӹҶ˵绰֪˵ϣѾ㹻ˣԷһ˼
лǿҶϵ绰Ժ֮Ȫæʵôô˵ҿ˵ɽĿ˼ҿͦºֱд˼ƻ
лǿ󣬺ƵذѸղһĻظһ顣̩ĺ׼ʱ˳ţãлǿź޺޵˵ģǸʣô¡
֮Ȫ⻰Ժ֪Ȥվ˵绹е飬ͲԷˣ
磬һյ칫ңϵĵ绰һȻԪԷȥһˡ
һӵ绰Ժ󣬾е֣һҪˣʱԪȥʲôأѵĹ֧лǿ֣ͬɣδҲ̫һɡһֿԼڣΪµĻԪ˿ȥʲôأ
ţһվԷİ칫ȥˡֻҪԷ˵ʲôһоӭжˡ
һ֮ǣԪİ칫Ժ󣬶ԷûжĿƻ飬˸߶ȵۣʾһῪʱһٷ֮ٵıʾ֧֡
һԷеסˣһٰʮȵתδҲ̫һɡ컹ξ޸ķֱʾȫ֧֣е˲ӦһȻԷ̬ȷ˾޴תԭ򣬵һԿ϶ԷһģֻҪˡ
˵ûԵ޹ʵذޣһԲ֮ʹгһˣȫ֧ĹֻYYС˵ŻֵĹѪͷʵᣬڶթĹٳǾֵġ
ԪڶһۣƲѡԷֳ伫ƵĳȡٳӶоѹ֡Ҫǰ⣬ԷӦʾ㲻м㣬Ҫ˵䳡滰ɡԪоźǣԷʲôʾҲûУղ˵ºԼûаϵƵġ
ԪԷֲֶ̬֧֧νû֧֣ܸ㶨顣֮ǰ˽⵽ϢһҲûԷѾ͵ίǱߴһˣοҪһٿĳίͨûκ⣬ԶԷŻ㲻ҲԪ֮
һ֮㶨ο飬һҲûСҪǶԷٰ֮ȪһĽɳĿ㶨Ļˣ֮ǰȺһһڶԷȴһֹ̬ҧ⬡޴¿ڵĸо
Ԫʵûа취ˣֻÿڰ׼ɽزɳ˾ĻϳɳŹ˾ļƻ˵˳Ȼ˵Էе˼ǲϣһʱ֧һ¡
һһֱԲɳĿðᵱԪ棬ȴ¶ԷΪ²ϧг֮غҪһڻؾ˵ĻǿɾͰ˸ˡ˵֧£ԷҲδؾ͸㲻ɣֻΪ˸ˡ
뵽Ժһ˵гڲɳҲǺ˽⣬ֻҪǶﾭ÷չĿҸ˵ĽǶ˵һҪֵ֧ġ
ԪԷ֮ǰһǹļƣڱ̬һҲɵöǰ˸߿һۡЦ˵УǾɣȻ¥£λûǲģԺཻ
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һ⻰Ժе㲻ΪȻ룬Ҫ˵Ǳ˴֮ìܵĻҲһɵġĿǰ£һȷʵȥԪ֮ìܣҲȷʵиоݵġ
룬һȴһҲŶԷĻ˵гǣԺһ㱨ʱɲҪҷѽ
Ԫ⻰ָһ˵һѽ˵ɾͲˣӭ㳣ʲô뷨ĻȽֲһ£㿴Σ
ллгΣ֪ˣһ˵Ժ󣬱վ׼ˡ
ԪһֱѶԷ͵칫⣬תͷְһȥԪûص칫ǰϰϣһƨɳϡͨղźһĽһ㲵ĸо˵гԷӦӭŶԣղŷһĻȴһж˸ǲˬ


һǧ רⳣί
ٿγĿĺܼ򵥣רоﾭ÷չģĸггϯ˱λ飬Ϲأֻ˵ʱֳίֵҪ壬ǳίûзȨġ
ʱмصͶĿѾöῪרĿľٴһ٣ȻҲĿͳмɳŹ˾Ŀļ롣һֱ°࣬е̶ϣ;˵һЩۡĦջƽ͵ǰŽˡ
ĿֱȷˣĿһ̯ɳгһ𣻳ﱸ̩вɳŹ˾г֮Ȫץ˵ôһλεгȫ𣬷ƺһ㣬ԭʹճΡһɽصĲɳ˾֮ȪģеϤڶгԪ֮ͦȪ¡
λķҲͳ棬֮ǲһгǣͷȻг֮ȪϣΪһ㡣ԪԴȴΪȻڳ֮Ȫɽظ׼ͦԷ
֮ȪݱȽ⣬ڻ᳡ţ֮Ҳ̫ˣǱתѯһЩ뾭ýصľ棬зȨģԪѾ̬ȣΪгһĿԵΪҪˡ
ϴлǿԷһ֮Ȫ֮Ĺϵͣټڿ֮ǰӦԪ֧飬˿̣Ȼܳ
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֮ȪһĻæص˵ͷ
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ƹҶϵ绰Ժ󣬳һſºһOKơº״һϷ׼Ĵϡ
֮ǰƾѾͨѩޱίɢˣæһ绰ġһȻӦһԷˣƱ绰ѩޱԼԷһ˼ҼʱϢԶٷӦõġ
һ׼ȥѩޱȴ˽ΪԷʲôҪ˵˭֪ѩޱһھ쵼ı㳵
һԺ˹һҲ˶ԷЦ˵ΪŮ֮á
֮˵¼Ĺϵ֮ǰĺü˱˴֮ľ룬˽µĳϣ˵ǱȽġ
˵Ϸʱơºˢˢվſڵءѩޱ״ͣһ˵Ĺܸѽɴ˿ɼһûа׷ѡ
һ󣬰˶Էһۣûпڡ
ѩޱһЦֱ˶Էİۡ
һƵ߹֮ʣ͵һƿԺ󣬶ǰ˵ԼгûУ
Ժ΢΢һʶղеˣȻѩޱˣôܲκأ˵ղŽѩޱֻʱ⣬ǸлԷṩ鱨ģɿϲ̨ġ
¶ڨɫ˵ҲǸյ⣬ûпǵ棬㿴
֮ĽƲöʲôģҪֲ⣬һ
һһ£˵ɣ˵꣬´ͳֻҵκĺԺ˷ͼ
绰ͨԺһЦ˵гĶأ
κæش쵼Ҹոյңʲôָʾ˵߳һӵһơ
ŶѾˣһ׼Զٷġһ˵ҸտᣬƵ׼ȥϷ֪ûʱ䣿
쵼ԷҵȻʱ䣬͹κæ˵
һһԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
жԷԷֻԴ绰ˣĻƴ򣬻º򣬶ԷпѣƣĻɾеʢ˵ļƣѡԼ绰
Ѿ˳Էĵ㣬Ŵ绰˹Էȷʵе㲻ضԷ˼һΪӦĽͣίɢԺ󣬲ʱ׼ϷԷͲڲضԷˡκѾȷʾվˣԷϾǸгصĵطһҲ
Ƽһ绰ǸмͬʱҲԼԺʱһҪһ㡣ڱϾи鳤ʱһ˼źˣǵ㵽ίǣҪһǧͷģЩСϸȴǧã


һǧһ ȥ
һƵ˽˰䣬ɳ죬ѩޱ첢ûȥڴκ
Ժһƺº۰Ͱ͵ԼЦſЦǲ˵Էûѽ
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һûչ˵ֻǰյĽ򵥵˵һ¡ЩûбҪֻ֪Ҫ֪յĽǺõľˡ
ʮԺκ˰䣬һһ˴кһӶԷԺ󣬾ͿʼעϵıԼ֫ˣֱΪֹԷûбֳκ״ͨ£κ˸Ϊ̵˽⣬Ӧ˵Ůͬ־ۺͦġ
ý˵κԺ󣬲ܸо˶Լõģһʱ֪ͨġҪǻһˣҲ˿̾ͻˣκӲװûһ㣬Ͳòһ߿Էһˡ
ٷ칦˼ԴҳԵúǿģϴκѩޱƺԺһִⲻϺ̫ľơѩޱһ߼״ﰵЦѣԭгҲµʱ
Ժºĳ£Ϸ¥ºȾаţĺûжӪҵ˾泪衢Ⱦơ裬ȷʵҪڰԷŵÿһ㡣
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һѩޱ͵¾СԺѩޱЦ˵ȥһɣղʱ򣬾ûй
һԷ⻰Ժ󣬶پһִ֮СλŮʿԺ˼ַȻܲѽ⵱оͰѩޱһھȻͷһң
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ԷСŮĺ֣߱һǺһЦóһ֧ϣ漴עѩޱҵĴϡҪӡ֤һжϣֻҪĵصȼӶѣжϲ
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һ˵ȥʱ׼ȡЦԷһ˭֪Է˵ȸ׼ˣȥĻѩޱپʧ롣Է⻰ﰵʾ˼Ѿǳˣֻȥʲô׼ģЬҶϴζ׼ˣǶԷĻġ׼һָ׼ʲôأ
뵽ʱѩޱϸˣ¥ݵʱ򣬶ýֲ֮С׼תʱͻȻѾ˼ſˣæתӰͳԿ״˼š
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£ѩޱѸٺϴøˣ类׽һ޴룬֪Ǻá
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ϴɵԺѩޱͷĳ˵ӰӣԼȷô
ѩޱʶһֱ߹ϸһ顣ȻεĲλ⣬طԷѾˣ˵Ϊ֮йӴȴǲɵġ
ÿµʱǷۺͺɫ˿СʱǰͻֶԷӰɵ


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һ˵Ѿ֪ˣʱһ١
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һչҶлǿĵ绰ֻٴһͬѧֵĺ롣һú⣬Դ֮ǰʡί֯ʱ򣬰ŶԷƽԺ˫Ҳûйϵ֪Է绰ʲô飬Ȥ˽
绰ͨԺֺ˷ܡԴϴεԺҲתԣЩǲǿģ㲻٣һֵСԱҲǲѡúõǧǧ򣬻òǧ˵׻һ̬⣬κͨ˵ĻҲûʲôˡ
ڵ绰һӦ׼һͬѧۻᣬһǲпչ
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һĻشԺַǳģæ˵ʱ䶨¸壬ǿǵͬѧҪϰģһĻͲʲôӰ졣˵ʱ绰ͶԷϵ
һһлԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
ͬѧۻϢӰ죬һԺﲻɵøֳϴѧʱʱ⡣ʱǷ绪ïʹľϻӺ꣬Ϊ׹ЩְҵԮţ档
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ŴһôµģûпڡȻѾûаϵˣαػҪȥأÿ˽µ·ԼѡģͨηܣڶԴֵֻ벻ֵ
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Ԫ⣬һѩޱҶԷҲ뵽ԪһĿһ£˸߹پǸ֣˵ۼ̩ȨƵһˣѩޱļ͵ĹԱһе㲻лǿΪʲôѩޱ˿أ˲ע⣬ߵѩޱߺͶԷ
ѩޱҲе㲻Է·лǿ֮ȪԼġ׼ģ°֮ʣ֮Ȫ绰ȥһѩޱҲͲƴˡ˺̩Ժ㱻Ԫ
һԷҲô£ҲٴˡѧλƭģΪȫûбҪ
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ѩޱһĳԺƲס֮ģóԼĺһȻʮ֮࣬úǲ죬һ˫ƯĴ۾΢Цؿһ
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һ⻰Ժ󣬰˶Էһۣû˵˵ǵ͵ĵ˱˻ѽɺƷ̫ѽ
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һǺһЦ漴ҽ̧̧ɣɵٶ漴˵֪λϰ𣿡
֪ѩޱ˵геϵɣҼг̨ǰĻæͣԼҵĵ濪ҵһ㡣
һԷȻϵǰ㣬֪лǿݣ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵˵Ҳ֪ˣԿܣ
ѩޱʻԺ΢΢һ㶣һ£˵Ըʡ
һЦص˵ͷʾԲ²Ŀ϶
ѩޱһıԺе㲻̫ȷԷ˼ֿʵ˵ǳԷϰʡҵġ˵ʱͣ˻ͷŶԷա
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һ˵ͷ˵죬Ҿʹʶһλţˡ˵ʱһѩޱղŵһ֪ɪʲôģء
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һһ£Ц㵣ǮԺ˼ѽ
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һѶԷҪԭһǲԸ̫һҲ뽫ⴿͬѧۻᣬ̫ɫʡ
⻰Ժæ֤ѶԷ˵ȥҲﲻҪ˵漴ǿĵһһټ
һһҶ˵绰
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һ磬һȥǣ̩жٹҵ·̣ûһȥģûдǹȥμͬѧۻģ˾ģͬѧһΪװƵġ
һǵʱ򣬲ʮҡ
֮ǰѾ־ϵˣԷֱӰǰŵ˴Ƶ꣬˵ʱһԷ
һ䣬־Ƽ֣㲻˵ʲôˡڶ¬ڻʡмӦ˴Ӧţһһ־Ƶ飬˵һ;·ˡʱһûʶ֣־ƶмˣһֱһ䶼Ƿǳصġ
ڶһأ֮ǰ˵ϰѾ̩еĳгˣֱ塢ԡԶԷ˵ѾãüˣȻҪúýύһ
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Ҳһ˾ϴĽԺ󣬵ǰȻ࣬ȴͬСɣҲûжʲôίǵļӡڳԷʱ־ƺһݣŵ֪ǰ˾Ȼ̩еĳг
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гһжԣҪ̶ӹɣһ־ƽ֮󣬸ȫȷλԲӵƽġҪĻû̸£˵ƽҲѡгλãȻ׳ԶԣеķҲǳ󡣼ȻǶƽģȻûбҪðôķա
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绹йǶûк̫ľƣһƿҺԺһֲˡ־Ƶ˵Ȼ˵ˣʱͱᶨƵվ
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ѵһУһ˯һԺҲûʲô飬ڷ濴ӡĵʱ˵绰һûеˣĳ;Ҫǳվˡ
һ˵ѾˣöԷڳվǵһᣬ˾ȥӶԷһûȥԷһ䣬ͬѧۻôŵģһŵġ
һֱúģһֱ鲻ʱ䣬Ҳһˡ̩ڸ㽭ɫݿһֱʳҵһȥ¬ظ뷨ôõʱٶ
ߣһͽӵֵĵ绰֪һѾˣֺǿģöԷһƷ԰˵Ѿź÷ˡһ˵ѾסˣͲȥˣټ
֪һıģԺ˰ţòҲǺ飬Ҳûٶ˵ʲôֻǸ߶ԷϾۻͰһƷ԰ʱҡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ϥе֣֯ǿҲ¡ͬѧۻ˵ǹټģ߻һ֣æµ
һͬʱҪھϴε֮ǰһæصĹˣֻǴ绰ʾһ¹ģȽ϶ԣһϲͬѧûҪϵһס
ԼСʱңţڻĴ£һķš˼Ժ󣬱һֿܱԺϵķһ˵ҾͲˣҲҪԼ
Ҫ̩ٳϵ⻰һ֮ɫ⻰е㷸ѽﲢǹٳˣһҲúƽϣ˵Է⻰˵Ҳȷʵûʳָһ¶Է˵һ˵ʲôãҲ˰ӹ䶼㿪ˣû̵һл֣ȻңǽѲѽ
󣬺ǺһЦûٿڡ


һǧ ͬѧۻ
˺һԺ󣬱ͬѧۻ顣һǲ⣬ǿɶǻѧѧͬѧۻĻȻӦӦ죬뵽У԰ȥһ䣬Ӱʲôģôᵽġ
ҲǺֻ˵͹еϵ˵ʲôϵȴһҲֻһʣûзҪµ˼ҲǺǱ顣
һԺһ˵̩׼㽭ɫݵ飬ûʲôõĽ顣
ԷϤʳҵϲ̸Ĺ۵㣬һú档ҵ˵ʦ´ࡣĵúͶ֪ѾԼʱˣǱһվȥ
һ̫֮ǰûϲҪţȥμͬѧۻᣬɲ԰ȥġȻе㲻ģϰɲΥֻеͷӦҲһۣԼֻԷʲôĻʱ绰
Ȼֻһ飬˿óҪעһİȫ̩ڵĻð죬Ͼִ̺ͳгȥ˲ࡣǵأزģҪǷʲôȥɲý
ڳϵǵİ£һѳһƷ԰ſڡ³Ժȥڽŵʱһ͵ؿһϤӰ˵ݣûпȷǷʶ˵ûʲôˣǲۻˡ
һſվ֮ʱֺһͬѧѾ첽߹кˡμһѣûгƺΪгʲôģֱȻ֡
ߵˣһϤʱҲǺһģ컪ۻڸˡһͶԷкԺ󣬾ͺһȥˡ
ղѾڶ¥ϱһ䣬һƷ԰İ֮һ׼úõطһѪˣȻҲԿǶԷʵһչʾ
ԺһһܣѾʮˣŮ˴кԺ󣬾ͺһһĳϣһѡ˵͵ҶǷֱͬѧѵһۣûҪ԰ʲôȨҲãǮҲգֻֻͬѧ
һΧ˵ͬʱ⿴һ£ٲûйԷǲˣʱûһϤ֮ʱһԼǸһǱᲦˡ
һһȻѶԷıֿ΢΢˵˵ӦùأһҪˣɲףһֱ˵뵱㣬ˣǺǣ
һԺһ࣬Ļ˼ԣٵһһЩ飬ӦûǱȽص֡ͳݸһ֧״ӹΪһϻȻΪԼ㡣
һԺ￴һһۣȻС˵ǰʱɷȥˣΪìܣһ嶯˼ҡⱾСһ׮ԷľӺеʡĳλеĹӺģһС¾ͱɴˡԷó˲֪ļҽԺһ˲֤ɷԹ˺Ժ꣬һ⳥˵żҵʱ˷ӣֱ춼û⸶ꡣ
һһ겻ѡ˵ϢӦø˲Ŷԣʱ˿̣һȴôҲҲָоȻǲˬһҲûΪԷͷ˼᲻ƽȥˣɲǾ˵Էڿ˵ûаëǮĹϵķš
һСһᣬͻȻԷС˵ˣ
һ˳ȥ˽һְҵװȥҲ壬ʽȴеʱ֡Էò͵ȣû̫ı仯ֻ۽ǴЩβƣѹĽֵúǷǳԵġԺһ̵ֱ˫ȣҲʧȥյķɣһߵŮˣҳһλҪȶԷ߼Ρ
һоʵһҲ֣ߵŮԶԶϲ㣬Է˵ҲǸְԱǰǼɶ˾޴Ӱ죬ظ
ٽԺ󣬱ߺͼλʶŮкߴΧˡһڽʱ΢΢һòƻͶǰһ⡢˧ʱƺûӡĴһ¶ԷӦûӦòΣ޷֪
ֹһεؼû뿪ǸˣΡ˺ܾԺûҵһ𰸣ҲǾ˵ģûм衣ÿ˽µ·Լѡģ޷ͷҲ
뵽Ժ˼ֻصǰ죬׼Ϊɷ̧ͷ֮ǰѾΪȥʽˡ֮˼ҲǺǰеϵܲסλһȰ˵֤ʲôľٶŹġ˵˵ģԷ׼ʲôﻹһҲûУֻڴԷܹ˵㻰
һٶµͬʱξۻǵǳˣһɫɫĳһ˵ۣǺģ糱òС
ڶԷһ˲䣬Ů˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥĳϣԵΪȷ͹йϸŮˣﶼ˻⣬֪ʱͺúðסˣҪȻҲ˿ơ


һǧ ȫҹȥ
һ˿ڸͬѧۻеԭˣԭⶦһƷ԰ǹҵĲҵѹСӴѧһҵȥˣԭڲǮࡣ
ҲǸղǰŮͬѧԶԷȲѵԭһԭһǵʯﱥ˲εͨŮ֪źǣǶΪ˸ûлˡ˵ǲкǷչͬѧ˼ǾͲö֪ˡ
볡Ժʽʼˡ˵һԺ󣬶˵棬붫Ϊ䣬һӭ
˵⻰ԺͷعҲ˰ƣȴһһ߾ؿţϹƵЦݡȻأ˼һ˲ٳƱΪ½ĸоòҲûʲôѽ
ֵĻվ˰˰֣ʾͣȻſ˵ҶӶˣҾͲ˵ʲôˣȴҳԱ˺ˣһϢҪϣҶ֧֣
˹Ļһ̿ס֮У벻ϾȻײһۣ˾еľƱһڡ
һȥģһûйȥһ棬̫һ棬پȻǶȻȥˡ
Ҳǣ֪һͶԷ֮Ĺ£ҲûǿŮһۣһ̾Ů˵ǲ˵ǰ˵࣬ۿҪྡˡ
ڳȻԹ⻰ܸȤͲסпտգǶȫԸǰƼһϵҺͼƷƺ¥ﰵ׼¶һѸˣǾûʲôÿˡ
ͬѧۣȷʵ˿ģһûƽյ֣⡣Դӵ̩ԺȾƾûȫſܸӣֻϼӿԼ򲻱Щ˼ɣˣ˴绰ûӾˡ
δˣ㵱еСҲ׵ȥˣϺȣȻ󽥽ؾλ㾴һٻؾһҳһࡣһ˿Ҳгݶ˾⣬ʹҾȥƵʱһ£ʱģЩ֥ùӵȥɣɷޣٻͬѧ
һɱԺ󣬴Ҷȵ߲ˣһʵ۳ֵܡߺŷֻص˶ǰĻУ԰һ
ʱ򣬹ͻȻվŴ˵Ҿһ仰˵Ҹһᣬлл
⻰˵Ȼò֮䣬Ǹ߸ϵζȴԶ׼һһۣǷǳλݵģԷĿ˵ǲܽܵˡһһ΢ЦشŹʱԷе̫͹λͬѧˣ˼Ҫ㺭ûôϳгλأ
İһӰЧ⣬žξۻԺһܱ˹ˡ˵λԷʱ򣬾úеģ˲С룬ǾҪԭƻȥ졣һΣԲ֮ʱ
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⻰Ժڳ˶úǲ죬ǱΪֻһͨͬѧۻᣬ벻˼ҾȻͼһҲͿΪʲôҪôų˼׼ء
ǼŮͬѧ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵðҪ˭أҰɣпܣղʱ򣬿⿴˺üأǳ˵ĻǸôشǴӦǾܾأҪǴӦĻ᲻᷸ػأ֪Ͳˡ
ڰһƬžҵŹ֮ʣͻȻ⴫˵һ죬漴ѵһûйʵİ͵һײǽϡ֮ʣͻȻһ³ģĸ˵ڣӳԶٷðȫҹȥ
һ̧ͷȥֻſվĸ׳Ϊ׵һȴݵƵģһȥһµһļơ⼸һ⸱УһͲɵüͷôĶЩװƵļһǳԶٷðĿͶ˹ʰ档
ûеȵڣվһߵзԱ˹ȥļһȵʲôˣǹүڸͬѧۻᣬǳȥ
ԱҲɵƣۼԷ˶ڣĻһԿֱӰѹ̧˳ʶΪ⼸һһǺȸˣŹ£ֻҪ״һ뿪ġҪǶԷԲߵĻҲ£ֻҪһ绰ȥͻˣֱӰǸӳȥˡ
˭֪һ⻰Ժ󣬸ˣԱ˵ʲôһȥù˵
Ա⻰Ժһ˵˼Һٶͣ£Ǿ˵һбɾͲԱܹӦˡǲˬ˻ת
ղվ׼˵ԶԷʱ㿴һ֮ǰĵ黹ǷˣԷѾָˣ벻ȥҲˣֻðһȻתǰȥ˿̣ﰵ֪ӦۻˣƫҪǳԱ˳ˡ


һǧ ȷ
ڳ䲻֪ʲô飬ʵʵ˹ȥûиղŵо˲ԾҶǵЩʲôҲĴѧˣϷĴĥԺ󣬷»ܿһ߳ġ
ߵǰ˵٣ҿûеɣΪأҪ̫֣ʱϿɶÿ
ĻԺӵɨ˶ԷһۣȻ˵㻹к˵ʸǻ֪ɣڸղѾѺһƷ԰תˣѾûаϵˣҴ¶ǳȥִأ
˵⻰ܴ˼ڳ˶Ȼڳ˵һ֪ʲô¡һ̧ͷ֣Ҳһľ֮飬Ҳ֪顣
ұϾǹͬѧϣԷվݺݴԷźǣûпĳʱһӲ֪˵ʲôźãվߵǸԱʵڿȥˣС˵˵ǹٻǮԷаɣ
⻰Ժ󣬺ٺһЦȻ˵ǮѽӲǮ֮ȫҹȥҾͽбˣ¸£
˵⻰Ժ󣬹ʵ޿ˣŭ˵аҼҵľƵˣòҲֲ߰ɣʲôҹһȥ
˾Ȼһ˱µĴºţڳ󣬲̿ס֮СⷬԺˣȵƵѵˣҴߣʲô⣿磬˵仰ЩʡӰǳԷȤ
˵⻰ԺһźļһߵǰװƵһȻ˵Ӧǿʢ˾ĴƵѹҹ˾ˣһطԷǲӭȺˣ˵һ£ǸǮҲУٺ٣˵ûɣ
⻰ԺЦտһĵûû˵Ļôдأ
Ϊĺ쳣֮ʱһվſ˹ڸսŵʱ򣬿һ˾˭ˣԭǰҲѹϲƽʱһﶼһģʱģԭ뿪˵Ĺβ;̵ôߣ˹Ŀ࿴
ⲻǺղúѽȻҲܴǿʢ˾ˣʿյĿ࿴ѽһߵԷǰվӣװƲѵлǿĸ˵
ڵɪѣ͵һ̧ͷһһеվǰֻͷһˣλôģѵһƷ԰ʲôϵҸôأ
ݵԥԺ󣬺⣬ǳȻϰһֱԶԷмӣʵ϶䲢ðֻǲѲԷãһᣬȰԼժٺͶԷһҲ̩ǣ׻˵ǿѹͷߡ
Ժ󣬺װոϳһģæǰ˫֣˵ԭг۲ʶ̩ɽȻûü˼ңˡ
ггڳƺԺ󣬶סˣǸղŻһƱյЩյͬǶϵ¹ôˣȻгֵķ벻ͬѧоȻһţѽ⻰ǴӸղţƤļһ˵ģһǻϢʵԣǷ׷һϵϺõ֤
˻ཻһɫȻصسͶѯĿͬѧ˵ͷҼɵõһмǾϻѡǸղŻһ˵ӦΣҪʲôֻȥҡһ˼Ϊһ֮ʲôأ
仰˵Ժ˵ߵȫסˣﲻɵðڣ֪Ͳһˡ˵Ȼƽʱţģȥһга壬ûĵΪ̣ҲϵĶȥга壬ǲǵ͵ӽˮȻɲɵơ
ۿԼļƻҪˣģ֪˴˿ҪһǿļֻҪܸ㹻棬ŲܶԷгأϾǵгǣô
Ժ󣬺˵٣Ǹˣλ̩еĸгһԴٵĺѣ벻ȴˣѽˣԴٿ˵ˣֻҪ㹻ǿһƷ԰ѾӪȨһӳꡣ
˵⻰ʱ⽫ѡ˵úأ⽫֮ǰ̸õһƷ԰ѾӪȨһΪꡣ˵˵һ˼˵ԷҲҺһа壬ǾͲҵˡ
ɵƣȶԻǱȽϾģҲܽƾһϵ˷ˮƾܺлǿ߾ͿɼһߡȻ׺˼˿ͷڼתţȨףǲҪƴһѡ
ԷȻгɺûаϵ˵ֻһģԹһġʡ͸гᣬһ˳ӵģ˵û˵ҪѶԷΣֻҪڸƳˣҪѶԷΡĻҲ̫λгˡ
ԣһ׬ûɷ֮ǰ˴ĹŵõһƷ԰һѾӪȨֻҪжһ꣬ζʲô̫ˡ


һǧ о
һƷ԰еһƣõòУ˲˵һǱ۾飬ǰҪǿɵˣԺ󣬺ź˵ͷʾⵥˡ
ԷıԺ¶һ˿Ц⣬漴㱻˹ȥɲһںĹĻпܳԲ˶ߡղŵǻһİʾɷ֣ٴ˵ûκģԷףҲܽεġ
Ժ󣬺һЦ˵гȻǾ͵Ҹղǻû˵ҾˣϰѾ˺ü绰ˣһӦأȥⲻǣټ
˵⻰ԺͷҲأ§һֱߵŮת뿪ˣͺһкûдͨһٷʲô飬ɺһϵҲûˡ
˼뿪ˣɵóһҲˣһͶȥмһƳҪǶԷ˿ɾͶˡ
һȴôΪѸղźһһں뿪ˣȴ˵ǰҪҲ硣˶Էںˬ˼㣬һҪúʰһӶΪ鸶صĴۡ
һһеĴ֮˲ңҲˣңұطˡһֱȻϺлǿԸԷίߵԭ򣬱Ͼлǿ֮䲢ûʲôìܡҪΪϳͷԸԷĻҲȺʵĻᣬûҪϣһʱȻǴĵߣԽҲûбҪٸԷʲôˡ
һϣԺ˵˿ʼˡǰһŹ˵ղҲˣҿǿʢ˾ȨˣǸղŵǻ֮ڳȥһƷ԰ӭˡ
⻰Ժ󣬸ոƽϢֱýǹᣬӳԺȵĽǶ˵ĻҾ뿪ҲνѾ㷹ˣȴܲ˵һһ㣬ѾǳԷԷСˣǱΪغĴˣ˭ҲԸ
˿̣Ϊεǹͬѧǰú԰һ˳ģ벻ȴݱ
Ĺ˾ӪϳҲ׹ϻĸԭΪ֧һģ벻ںҵĴѹ£ܼѸ߽⡣ҪǱԷԼҵķн׶֮ءȻвʣĿǰ״أ
һ˵һʼʱǳŹģǳġղ޶ãȴӲû˴ϰߣرС
һϵһ߽űǰ˵˵ģҾƵľӪȨˣǸղŽʱڹܼҵĲҵƾʲôվָֻŵģһӵʱѸٸӴȥ򡭡˵Ժһϵĸ߽űȥ
ֻ۵һ߽űԺĲ͵ǰȥ׷׻˵˵Сϡпӵڵжۣ⶯ľζ˲
˱һ쭣гҪǳ͸ͷ˵Ҳ;¿ˡһĻˣҲ̵ʵݣνȫ벻Ԥеûг֣λгȻǷ쭣ú⣬һӾ֪ճ
ͷжݿհԺӦ˹ҪĻԺһĶֵϾͲҪȥˡﰵ̩еĸгΣиëĹϵԴϣøţǻøţҶ㡣
˵˲äĿԴ󣬷֪ôģȻӡ֤һ⻰ȷԡ
һ˵Ҿ̩еĸгԲƽϣгôˣгίҲýѽƵҵģҲӭˣ뿪ҪǼĻֻбˣԺ󣬵гӡܴӣǲȰȰλͬѧǣɲ̩λҪѽ
⻰Ժ̧ͷһȻһģ˵ҲеȻڹ˺öˣǿѹͷߵϻġͬѧΪͷܵʲôǣĻҲⲻȥ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵ҲҲǻҪһֻӬӵĻûκģ̩ǡʲôֻʹɣұлļһȥԷԱóˣƵѾڹ£԰ײԡ
֮ǰһֱһٲȥбˣΪ֪һгݣ֪СһڶԷģԲ˵о˭֪ԷⲻˣֱӳԴ
еҲסˣô˵ҲøĹӣһ˿ɶǸģȴԷ䣬ҪûһʾĻԺĲҪˡ
Ժ󣬺һıӰ˵Ǹг㻹ôˣѵΪ˲ɣ̩еĸгΣСҵţұ֤Բ˶ߡ
һ˿ѾɱȻԸҲϻعˣӹȥʲôֶξʹҾţֻ֪ſҽУķ


һǧ ־Ƹ
ĻԺվںСܲˣһĦȭƾ׼ȥˣæסǡô˵ԷгҪֱӶֵĻܳһʱ֮죬Ҫùġֻ㣬ǧܳ嶯롣
סµСԺ󣬺һ˵áãߣȻǹгͷµĻҾ;᲻Ųʡ
˵䳡滰ԺһȻߵһߴ绰ȥˡһֱվűߵķԱ״˳ְѰŹ
飬ȻȫĳԺˣ˵עеһϡԷǸղѾ˵ˣ֪ԴĶӣкܳԵÿһȻǸгϾǣ̩ҶеΪһѺ˼
һһŵı飬վЦ˵û£ҾܷģҪƤҲʰˣҲ˼ڻˡҸóԳԣúȺȣұ֤ʲôҲС
һ˵⻰Ժ󣬴һʯͷ˵أֺ͹˵
һ״˵˵ͷʾлȻͳֻԹ˵һ£
⻰æ첽˹ȻһһƣԷһߵϢ˿̶һǸмԷôͬѧǰסӣǱʲôҪ顣
ڳ˵У˿ܵģôҲ벻ף̶̵ʮʱ䣬һôѾΪгˡղ˵ԷǳгɷԺԹٳһ˽⣬Ȼ֪ίίгζʲôǿʵʵڵ쵼ѽôأ
һ̫ͥˣȥԷӦµϼңĸĸʵͽũ񡣵ΪԷȨƣٲѡͶԷ֣ô̶̵ļ֮䣬Էݡλ˴ת䡣
ѵӡ֤ǾϻˮתʮӶתɾܵиɰɣôͥҪõöûȴ˸гأδҲ̫˰ɣ
һѹеһߣ˽һ˵ͷ˵־ǿӲĿɽκˣЩ˽úã֪֪˷ܰսһֱһûд׼̵ϰߣںʡί̩֯Уˡ
Ȼһеһߵ⣬ȶԷڣͰѺͲȫ˵˳ƣϵίڵԴĸƽʱ²ɣæųԺζģ߾ۼһˣԺڰͨԣһ۸ڶļһ
һܣһˣĻɫ㲻ĻǿǶ˶ѼȥˡŹ˵ͬѧллˣ֪ˣȹȥһ㣬Ҵ绰
⻰Ժ󣬳һ˵ͷתȥȻһֱڹ⣬ЩŹڻġһ绰ܹؼƲסĵĺ棬뿪ʱ򣬿˽Ų
ߵſԺ󣬹عŵʱһڵ绰˵־Ƹ磬˵״ġ
һ绰һǴеĳ˵ģ԰ƽǰ顣ʡ쵼ĻҲУϾԶˮⲻ˽ʡ־Ƹ硱ֵʱ򣬹ĥˣԴ˭־ƵġȻ׹ʱ̣ܶڼ飬ԶǺ˽ģֻҪһ˼ˡ
Ȼһ绰Ǵ쵼ģǾһˡ־ơĬһ飬ͷ˵һ£һеίǲǾͽ־һĵ绰ֱӴίǵģﻮһʺš
˵ίһ˵һǳңԶĴڣһ̩еĳгʶеίǵҲǲܵ顣뵽ղһƱǹžѾܿ϶ԼĲ²ˡ
뵽Ժ󣬹ŽܵİͶȥͬһƳ˵ĺƴ˿һҲڴ绰ȻԷĶȫܲ绰һǴԴֳܹģԷǹϵңҲǺƵ׾˾ˡܼںͺҵĶνУûٳλֳ˵ĿֵһļһͲһ
ͬʱڴ绰һ־ֳһǴίǣмĲɲһĴ⿴һľֵĻڻ֮ǰӮѾˣһûκĽ
һ߷־һܣԷ˵˵һ۸ڶĶӣ벻챻ˣϸһȥһ£ȻֻһȴǱߺܿصˣȻҪ㣬ͲзĻᡣ
Էеϸһ֪ģ֮ǰ緹ίǸ꣬˵족Ǻˣ䲻Ȼ־ܽᲢۣӦҲǳίġԷºҪƵϰֺˡ
־ƵİУһоԷнⷢӵ˼ҲųΪ⡣æЦ˵Ǿ鷳־Ƹˣ´㵽̩ʱһúþƣǺǣ
־ڵ绰ͷЦ˵Сҹѽˣϻˣǹȥ
־ƴ˿̻е㲻Ҵ⣬ǳԴĸµص㣬ǳӣⱦн˲ı֣˵ǰӵ͡Դ־ֳܹǺµľӣ˵ΩǴӡ


һǧһʮ ֳ
һгʲô飬־ƻеͷ󣬲˵˭׷Σе㲻̫֣¬⣬ԼϵһضȥһֱһֵܿԷԼĵϳ£Կ
˿̺ȷڸľ˾˲ܹ绰׼ֱӴϰֵģתһ룬Ǵϰ֣Էٴ绰˾ˣһλء
绰ͨԺ߷ͼӴ׵ܹ˽ܣֻû˵һݣֻ˵ԷȻֻʮ꣬Գ̩ˣΪܼҳģղŻڴ
ܹ⻰Ժ󣬶˵ҲһأֱӺ˵ɣ
Ƶϰֽӹ绰Ժ󣬰ѸղŵĻظһ飬ʾҲԹӵĴܵ˼
⻰Ժ󣬴˵У֪ˣǵţҺһ͹ҵҪ˭ıӵȻ۸ӵˡ˵Ժ󣬲Ⱥƻػֱ˵绰
ϴ󷢻Ժһӵ˶վһĦȭƱʾҪȥѾġ󣬵һۣŭȵº޹أԺؼȥϹơȻŲܹ˵һȥһ£۾ͷϵԽԽˡ
Ǻ²˵⻰⻰ܹҲһҪȥģһ䣬ȻʾԶԷΡܹ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷ漴վڶԷȥ
ϳԺ󣬲ܹԺ˵㿴ǲбҪȥ˽һһʲôͷǺòײŰչܵĸſ£ʱǧܳʲô۶ѽĻǵŬɾͰ׷ˡ
ܹĻԺһЦȻ˵ѽԽԽ⵨ӷԽԽСˡղҲ˵ˣԷʮ̩ͣģΣʮа˾žһСԱҲһưɣĻɫҲЩСֱװװƣҪ֪ҵԺ˵ֱӼβˡ
µĻԺ󣬲ܹתһ룬Ҳȷʵô¡ʮͣҲһƣǸǰǿʲôҲǣοǣ̩ԷҲܷġȷʵ˵ǰ㣬еˣǱҲѧŶԷӱĿ
ϳ֮ǰܹѾ绰ΰӵˣֵĸӳһƷ԰ȷж
һղѾ֤κ飬Ͼ֮ǰոշô˲СĴ̼ӲҪװûһ㣬Ȼô׵ġȻҲڳԳԺȺȣһضǳעſڵĶ˴ԼһңſͻȻ֨һʱڳ˶ͷѸתſڡ
ֻſվŵĳµ⣬ȫǴñģеơڳڱҵھӢȴٺ;򽻵һӼôľ죬оһĪĽ֮С
ºͲܹɨɨˣ£Ҳʮ£һϣƵȷʵûѡҲǴһѣǾǵĶȥǸΪܼҳͷˡ
ܹǰһ˴˵Դ־ֳǹؾٱ˵£˭Լһ㣬ҳʡҰ˵Ķȥ
ܹ⻰вζʮ㣬ղŰŹܼҳͷ˲վͰ˶ȥˡһ˶ڹֻǱȽηģ⻰Ƿǳǿģ˵Բˬ
˾˵ĻԺ󣬺æǰͶԷ䣬Ȼһλ¡
һ벻λֳȻ˻װƣʲô˵ֱȫȥᳵ·ļƣӦòǵһˡȻԷϲװƣҲûбҪٺͶԷˡ
һվ˹Է岽Զĵطվס˽ţһһһվǰһˡȻʮȻվǰλµĲ
һѾԱԴֳһȻһδȻȹֳҪһΪСӸҪ֣Էܽǰ㶨ˡλûпڵĶǺϰ֣Դĸ˾Ǵһģ̳ģֻһ䳤һ㣬һһЩˡ
һĿۼܹϣһԺ˵ȷԴĹֳ
ܹԷ˵Ŀ⣬е㷢⻰Ժ͵طΰӵĸӳ˵¶ӳ˾ȻҵݣһϸĽܡ
¶ӳ챻ֳг˾Ҫúñһ˭ֳ֪Ժ󣬾ֳȻˣƣΪӦûֵĻˣԴûмоֳڲƽ顣벻ת֮䣬쵼ͷˣΪǰ֪ߵغļһ˾ֳˣǷǳѵõĻᣬȻߡ
¶ӳǰһȻһ˵ǲֳܾʶȻϵԴ죬ҿǻζˣ
һֻҽеļһֺֺЦôʲôʱٲЩһһһʲô¶ӳ˲ˬŶԷŭȵ˵עǾֳģ
¶ӳ׼úñһأ벻һ˻ȻˬǴģҾͲˣôţȥúøǾֳͺǣǴ˲С˹ҲһҪǳˣǿɾ͹Ҳˡ


һǧһʮһ ˵˭
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ݺݵ˶ԷһۣȻŲܹ˵ֳܾһΰӳ˵ĻǾ˼ץģҽ컹ǿˡ
ܹԷˣװƣЦ¶ӳĻȻƫһ㣬ȴһ㲻Ȿûʲô£ƫҪǿͷǹͷĹﲻҸɣûнͲҪ֡
һԷ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ󿪿˵ллֳܾĹģҵ¾ͲˣһҵҪʸǣ˭йϵͳš˵Ȩ־ǣ
˵ʱһ٣仰ԶԷʲôӰһֳһҲǸһƣһǸ껹־ƣ󼰵ģ⻰˵ȥԺ󣬶ǰ˵֪
Ȼһϣ⻰Ժ󣬺ºͲܹӾ΢΢һȻʶתͷԷǸ¶ӳɫ˱仯ȻֻԴֵΰӳЩеŻǷǳټǰ˸ղ˵÷ǳһ˿Щš
ȻҲмֳԾĹְҲΪӵŻᵽģԲܾʹﻹһ뷨ǰںơ
Էղ˵Ŀ־ơ죬ȴû˵λ̩ʲôϵ·ǳԷˣ֮ǰﻹɹһʱ䣬˵ָơһŵȻǺԷӦˣ֮ǰݸɹһʱ䣬ǴҶ֪飬û˵̩йϸ
һˣǰλһԻأмԷݼЩϹӵֱӿɣһšǵı鶼ûУûôɡ
Ժ󣬺ºǺЦȻһ˵λСֵܵ·ܹѽϤѽ֪гǲҲĻǾ͸ֱˡ
һԷ⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼе˼Цһ˵гǣҵǲʶҲΪҸղ˵ʶǡҲǺƣҿҪɣֱӰҴȥɣ
⻰ԺﰵЦѣһˣȻ֪ΪֱøղŲܹĻǵ졣ٺúõϷŪԷһǹǰһװϸһһȻ͵ʲôƵģ˵ѽⲻ̩егղûϸ˵Ŀϳˣʧѽ
⻰ԺһҲһסˣӡУûкλ鸱йӴôʶԼأ
һɻ󲻽֮ʣǰ˵ʶ࣬λ̩ггһͬ־Ҫȥʱҿôͻǻǳ涼㲻ɣ
λȻʶǻǣҪҪҴ绰˼˵ԭλȻ̩еĳгѽҼǵӦһгѽôٷԽԽСˣ
Ժһ׹Էȫſڴƻƣֿأһź˵˶ûйϵɣҺߣǶ뿪ô
⻰ԺʶΪһ¶βˣЦһȻȵΪǲгѽּۻأ¶ӳȫҴȥκ飬պһ˳е
Ҫ˵֮ǰ»е㵣ģȫûйˣԷͲʲô̩ĹԱпܾƭƭȵС졣ܼҵ̨ڼе㲡Ͷҽ˼ˣŸһɳ֮һᵽ棬һҪúʰһװƵĶ
¶ӳ˿ҲˣǰһﻹװղȻסˡҪǺʶ㣬ǽɾͱԷȥˣǿǶ˶Ѽȥˡ뵽Ժ󣬳¶ӳŭ˼㣬һ£漴ʹһɫ׼ȥ
ʱſͻȻһȣվǱ𶯣˭ҪҶһµĻھͰϵľˡ
¶ӳձһ׼ú÷йһͨ벻һװƵġĸ˵Żӣ㵹ǰѽתֲˣſȥһҪȥԷļơ
ǰ¶ӳڿǰ˵®ɽĿˣֻ˵һһʵʵع˵ذϡ޲ϰ֮ʱĵȥһĻʲôҲûˣźǣֻYYС˵ŻֵĳʵеĶȥ
ڳ¶ӳڵ֮ʱºͲܹѾǰˣһίǸ꣬һί鳤졣Ӿ˶˶ͷ˵һ£ôҲ㲻λίίôˢˢسģѵǳλģºͲܹɻ󲻽ؿžǽ岽֮ңһͷðһͬ뷨˵˭
ºͲܹܿ˴𰸣󲽳һ˹ȥ˵гǲ˼ѽǾȻ飬Ƕ˹
һ⻰Ժæ˵λ쵼˵ҿɵѽ鷳ˣ־Ƹ粹λ
һô˵Ϊ֪֮ǰλں־һԷģ˼ҷûƽˣ㵱Ȼʾ


һǧһʮ ϵ绰
·ѾһˣԷе־Ƹ硱΢΢һ㶡иôƺ־ƣúһ׾ϣ˭Ҳûôĵӡ
һĻ󣬺ºͲܹһƬңԭղ˼˵һжģȴһֱΪԷڴţƣǼʱѽ
ǵʱ򣬺ºͲܹ͸о鲻λɶǴϰߵĺˣ죬־֮ƣʱ־ƵĴˣﻹǱһ˿ģǺ£ô˵гǰ˵ϻġλֵĻгҪǷ仰ĻӦò
һǾġ־Ƹ硱˵ʱ򣬺ºͲܹ֪ˣ׵ˡǴϰģǰ˾Ȼίǵֵܣүò˰ɣҲ̫ˣ
쵽Ժ¾ˡøһλ飬ѽڳ˵ľһһǼȻˣǸ¶ӳͱְͣ쵼⻹еˣ
˵ºͲܹȻûܵʲôֱӵĴȴֱ𽻴һȥͬʱ֪ͨԴǺ
˴˿Ķ˵ֻ֣æصͷǣǼƼֱӻҪԡѾǰһĻˣɵվǶ֪Ǻá鱾ԣȻûзĴ󣬵ֻҪӺ;˾˵̨ˣôܻкӹƤ֮ëɸĵǶġ
һֱ𽫸Ժ󣬲ֻص˰档ʼס޵ʱ˵ǰģȻһ飬ֻܰŵȥˣظ֤㶨һġ
һƷ԰飬һŰһʮ˵סޣӦûûġĶԷļ򣬺ʹҸһԺкһ֣ת뿪ˡ
һط֣˸ղŵǼԺͬѧǿĿѾ֮ǰһˣͷﲻɵðһηȻҪĽǱ뿪ˡ
ﱾͺסһģȻӦһ뿪˵Ϊʲô֣Ϊͬѧ֪֮ǰϴѧʱáϣӣĻԷпܼǺһӣǰҶ̬ȣϣġ
һϣкԺֺǿģϳʱ򣬲ţҲһˣܲӦԼԾڼʻϣ䵱˶˵˾
һֻͻȻͳһһİĺ롣ʶ뵽ĳˣǰֻű˳ֺ˭ĺ롣
΢΢һ㶣ֹˬ˵һҪûǴİɣӦٵĺ룬˵ǰɣ
ֵʻԺص˵ͷ
һ˵ģһͷﲻɵøֳǰһĻһĻУ԰ϣǰĺӱ£¹ǵǣ߹ӰȻһбϾֻǶǰˣ޹ء
Ժһİֻ룬ˡNOÿ˽µ·ԼѡģͨηܣڶԴֵֻ벻ֵֵ벻ֵֻҪѡ񣬾ͲлͷĻᡣ
ֺ￴һԺ΢΢һǵļУһһֱһǳɵˡӵָǵоͿɼһߣؼʱ̣ҪһֵĻҪµȥȫ˿ɲô׵顣ԷǶһµʶЩˣЩ¿ԭ£һЩ˺£ûаĻᡣ
˴ƵԺ󣬻һֵУ֮ǰһѾ绰ˣٿһ䷿
ӵ绰Ժ͵ҵǰ̨ɶԷ˵Ѿûзˣ֪סķԺ˵һ˵һлл̹Ȼ˼ϰӣûаϵȻҲûҪմմϲʲôġ
ղ˵˲پƣںһ飬ԴﲻǺʹ죬ǻ׼Ҹطűߺȱġղŵ飬˵ʲôҲԸٴھƵˣһҪųȥһᵽԷһƬѣǱӦ
ųͬѧˣһտ꣬һơƷǰȣһ߳⴮ӡ
ղһƷ԰棬˵ƺò˷ᣬȴûķΧ˺ֻص˴ѧУ԰лһһơơ˵ĩʱڣֵشʡˣ»ǱȽϵ͵ģиղŵİ׾ӣơһҲ䣬úˬ
Ϊ֮ǰѾȹˣһơƵĻӦòˡ˭֪ǵ͹˵սһơƺԺ漴кһգǾȻѵڶҲˡ
һƴһȻΪѵģŻһ˳Ȼһƨ˸ʻλ̡һۣŷϰľȫÿֲݡ
һʵ뽫ԼղźͺºͲܹһû˿Ӱ졣öµûţҪΪԺǸ绰
Դ뿪УŵǸ糿ʼһһֱΪٶԣһ·˼׶ѣԵʱ򣬲ŷһֱǸ۵ǴġЩ鲻ģӸղ϶Է绰һ˲䣬֪õۣӴԺûκιϵˡ


һǧһʮ 뿪
ϤĳİĽֵƣһеĸоεأӺδֽȥδ㲻ΪƺĻþͲѹԺб۾
˴ƵԺ󣬻ûһǶһ˷ֱͻ˷䣬Ȼϰ塣֣ղŴտʱһѣô˳Ժ󣬶̶̵ļӵ·̾˯˹ȥﻹ֧ʲôû塣
صԺһϴһˮ裬ȻڴԺ˵ղŶȻϮǹĪ˸УˮĽǴ˿ֻ۾񣬾棬ôҲ޷硣
˯úܳ٣һһֱ˵Ҳѹ֮ǰͺԪˣٹȥϰࡣ
ķһŷֻûءһ£к뿪ˡԺȻǾ֮ءϳԺŸ־ƴһ绰̩е飬Ѿڻȥ·ˡ
־Ҳûпףֱӿûʲô뷨֮ĹϵǣЩûбҪתĨǵġ
һ֮Ժ󣬱㼱뿪ǲͽǵ鵱С־ߵνֻҪҪ󣬶Էһӵġ
һԹӡ󲢲ãԲڼȥô飬Ȼæͬѧǰװƣ㵽޷ʰҪǻԵɺϣͬѧҲֵġ
־ƵʻԺֱ˵־Ƹ磬㿴Ҫôô죬Ҳ
־һû˵ġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ뵽飬֪Է˿̰ͲְܹһѣȴԸȥһôǲͬѧ֮飬йǣ˵־Ƶĵ̣ĹϵҲǴ۸ӵģöԷΪѡ˵ܼȥˣɲʲôܺúԼصͺܲˣ˵ģҪҪˣȥɣ
ɣ˸ٴԼСʱԺһӵ˹ĵ绰Էرʾʺ漴ʾԷԶٷʾлһЦ˵ǸȻ˵Ѿڻ̩е·ˡʧκ˼ұ˲ҵһ飬Ҳûκΰ취
һԷ˵һǸԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰ȻѾ⣬ǾûбҪٺͶԷίˡ
һԺһӵ־ĵ绰Է˵ϵ飬ǷǳעһʱĹȷϺºͲܹϴڳ䵱Ʊɡ⣬мίѾ˽˫档
һһͶԷ򵥵˵䣬Ҷ˵绰֪һ־öԷ绰ģЩȴúͶԷ漴绰־ƴ˹ȥ˼򵥵ĹԴ飬ȷϲûʲôʱһҶ˵绰
ѣ˸һʲôĻһҲùⲻȥڼȻûʲôҲͰˡ
Ѯ̩вɳŹ˾ߵһȻǲм±ϾԪƶ֮ȪץģøӣҪġ
Ժ֮Ȫһ£һʱΪæµؼϢΪɾܾˡܹȥμӹ˾ĳʽܸԷӣᵱȻٸˡ
һ÷ǳһǻԺҲûмлǿԴӺһԺѾ¶Ҫʰˡ˭֪λгǰ֪뷨ƵģȻˢˢʧˡһºͻȥ̽һǺϢﲻˬһҲû̫⣬ֻҪ˴̩УͲǲֻ֣ǸʱˣżΪеʱ䡣
ڼ䣬һѾͨϺ̩л˴ĵϸԭлǿ֣ͬɺϿġһлǿ֮ȪһֱΪQ˽ˡ˵磬Ϊ֣ͬɸǵӬͷСԴǲΣԵ̩ڵġ
⼸죬ȵòУһҲæµòУ෽ŬʡĲˣΪԪһȥݷ½ʡˡһΪԷܻһ¬֮ǰķҷѾĻɽսʡΪ˶Է¬ҵģȻĺûᣬûɲ˻һ¡
һԷûи¬ҵˣĻɾе̫СԷ̺ϢˡȻ˵Ļɽеĥ͸ˡ
ӲԺһûкԪֱӻ̩УԻؼһΪڣԷһ٣ԪԴˣȻö˵ʲô
ԪԺһ¬һ绰֪Է£ǱԼȥԷ̸
һʡ̨Ժһ𵽽һ㶫Ȼֹһֱ֣¬ķӢ绰˲ſǰ´
һжʱû¬ļݷˣýҲ߶߶Ժһ¬鷿֣Ӣ߿ӱ졣ǰʱ俪ʼӢȥ沿оǲֶ֮һЩ⡣
һ¬ûʲôܻģֱӰȥʡԷϸ˻㱨¬һȻ󿪿˵ĿԶ׼̫ҵڣէЩҲ̫ˣûΪǡ
һ󣬵˵ͷ֮ǰĲıϣ˼Ժ󣬿ʵ¬壬㿴Ҫעʲô
¬һ˵֮ǰ˵ģ־Ƹô컹ô죬̤̤ʵʵԼڵ飬Ҳô׵飬˵ʡ߻ڣʲô̫ġ


һǧһʮ ǰ
ȥ·ϣһûп˸ʻλ档֣ų߹ĵʵôˣ¬ҳͼصģ²ͦ˳ǲ¬Ǳѹܴ󣿡
ΪСڹٻ֮ҳ֣Իеģһ棬ɴûмɷôͷɥҲͳˡ
һӵĻԺ¶һ˿Ц˵¬ʲôû˵ֻҸɺñְˣܹоϵѹڵޣﲻʲôæ
鷿棬¬ȻʲôҲû˵һ¬˵ʡίί֯ɽȴʡίǡʡʵĻʡĶҪ俹Ļٶѹһ붼õҪ˵λ¬ˣϵѹ֪
¬־ƺһΪ˵ģٿѣǰ¶˵һ˾͸ܲĿǰƺϾֻмӱŬһпϵܺҽпʸ񣬷ǿɾ˵ѽˡ
һһױŵˣݵήԺ󣬻ص￴ӺȻ˯Ժ㰵ԼһҪŬǳںҵĿУһͿأô֪⻴ʡǵ֮أȫһ֮ô׵顣
µĴ̼һûӵҸڶһ磬һͻ̩칫ҵʱŸյϰʱ䣬¼æΪһȲ裬İ˳ȥﻹе֣ϰӦˣĹӦõŹôһ͵칫ˡ
һڲ裬绰κ֪ͨʮһİ칫ᣬЩ飬ҪúúͶǿһ£õʱлɳˣһϣ顣
ɽξָļƻҪǧңʡڲ̩У첦ǵһһǧ򣬺滹һǧ˰ڽڣ̩ο½
ξ֮ǰǸţʽˣڲһˣôһʽ֣Ҫûۺ죬ǲŽйأһλչר̸һ̸飬Щ˵ǰ棬𵽷δȻЧ
ŵʱκͻپ͵µİ칫ңڶһˣȻϰټ͵һ̬Ļǿɾв쵼֮ӣǶǶ϶ϲ᷸Ĵġ
һ˵ٿֻϵʱ䣬˵ֻǺġȻ쵼ӣ쵼ȻҲ̫װˣ߹ȥ˵ͻˣǾ͹ȥɣпա
⻰Ժæվһİ칫ȥ
Ժ¾ͶݵĲˮ˽ؽߣȻ˳ȥصԼİ칫Ժһűֽ֪ϰκһҪҪ̸䵱˿˵Ľɫ
˵˻ǱȽԾģҪһһͨ飬Ҳųϴ֮ȪĻɾͱˡ
ԼˣһûкǶʲôȦӣֱӿ˵ҺгһȥʡͲʡĵһѾˣȥһв֣ǰǮξֵ˻ϣΪʽĸݹ̵Ľչ˵
κͻ⻰Ժ󣬶ǳԾ벻׾پ͸㶨ˡǰʱһֱһæͬʱ׼˸ϣ벻ʱЧǷǳġ
ǳԾһ棬һ棬ԷȻָʾֱӰǮξϣҲ˵»ˡҪ֪һĿ쵼С鳤ѽһ£ĸ쵼ԸôȨֱӽģ
ٴ˿̵ı鼫Ϊ죬һʼעĿ֮ǰҪ˵򣬾ʮ򣬶ξֶԣҲһʾ޿ˡôǮһȫʹˣٻеεĸо
룬˵гҾǮȽϺãҪٵĻֱ㱨óʲô⣬ҿɳе𡣡
ǮȻȣٲ׼ξ͵һǮˣֵҲͶˡ˵ξֳ˵ĻҲξ滹еãҪǳǸţ˭ģղǻҲǷĵģе㲻鷳
һٴۣһ˳ܵģе㲻ˬ֮ǰҲܹˡ˶Էһۣ˵Ǯ쵼СʱξֵģĿ⣬ʹκһǮõҺκг׼κ˵ǶԲˡ
ټһĿȻãǰγеæ˵ллгллκг
κԷ⻰ԺЦ˵٣˵ʲôãǰûǮʱҰ칫ܣͲһ޶ϵˣڵã쵼ǮУȴֲҪˣѽ
κҲһղŻеĲã׼ǶȰٽһ¡ôһǮֱӷŵξȥ˵٣κﶼеûסҪίǡгҵǶȥҪǮǸãǲãпӰο쵼Ǿͻ㣬ǿΪѡ
˽κĹϵ֪ԷǰѻݣԷͶȥоһƳԺæ˵ٸлλ쵼ΣĿãҲŲðȻǮڼȻгѾô˵Ҳûκθˡ


һǧһʮ 
ĻȻ˵ģɣλ쵼öģٳϵһףλ˭ϤҪȻļң˼Ǹôֻġ
Ȼ˵Ժκӿ˵ѽгٻɺõģֻǵһЩڵĸţͲҪˡ
һκĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦȻ󿪿ڵһһģ׼أҲ֪Ǹղ˵ʲô죬Ұһ仰ɽҾͽˣҪǳĻǱһ˵˺£ֻƣȥ˰ɣҲǷֹȷʩְ
һȷı̬еκͻٵ֮⣬һǶκķӦԿ죬εᳶ˻һ£±Ͼξһгű̬ġ
ٱκһѣӦˣۿһ˵г仰ҲеˣĿ飬ֻܷģ괺ůʱҰξֵĳȥӲ졣
һ󣬺ǺһЦ˵ƾֳ̬ȣϲǲǰǺ»ģĻξ㽨ˣҲܸúõġ˵ģ촺ůʱҺκгɾվڴڵξֵĳˡ
κҲһĺظһ䣬ֳ֮ǰٵĻԺһҲֻеɸֵ˼κһͣҲʶȷʵûʲôҲûбҪٽƽˡ
һ°κͻߣص칫Ժϵĵ绰һФԷڵ绰˵еҪ쵼㱨һǲпգһһۡ
ʱФ˸ճ⣬עһļϣһϴںɽׯϮ飻ڶɽׯ͵飻־ģܹ־Ůܰ顣
ǷԺóĽһ鼫пͬһΪļ֮зǳܵϵڶ͵ļ֮䣬ҲйʱһϾŸյ̩ȻǳģһĻļ֮ȫϵˡ
һͷ󣬸˵ٰµФˣʱûͶԷϵ¸Է̫ѹĻڰáȻФϵĻǾܾġ
ңһڿصļͻȻӵ˻ٵĵ绰Էڵ绰˵ڲأֳܳɸͬеĲξֵ˻ϣ˵Ҫͳһ滮ȡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ûѶӸըˣʱǮ˲Ժ֣˭֪˼ҸͲ׼Ǯξ֡⵹ҲǣԺﵹߣǶѾֱӴԴͷϽ㿨סһĻɱҪʡࡣ
һǿѹסŭʵǱ֧ͬٳ
ٱԺһֻǿѹסŭ𣬶Ի˵Ȼȥɣô죬ҵ绰⣬ص˴绰㣬ʱһ㱨ֱӴֻ
ܺ˼㣬һûʧȥǣýٵһҲû١
Ҷϵ绰ԺһŭɶȻ֪Ҫ鲻ף벻˾ȻĿŵ˵ز֮糿ͰκͻٽйȻȥǮҹζ࣬벻˰ģ˻ǰˡ
һ¾ǲֳܳɸģȻǰµȴˡڹҶϻٵĵ绰֮ǰһ˶Բߣúøһ£öԷ֪ʲôطֵģóûȥ֮ǰҪԷʾһ¶Էķŭ
Ժһͨ˲ֳܳɸĵ绰
ܳɸ˿ҲûףӵϴȥҶƵԷĵ绰µʲô顣ԷѼƻгʱﻹеûףԷȴֱӿ£ʲôҲѵģһҲһĺλĻһ൱أȽ϶ԣȻѡ
ϰ࣬ܳɸͱٶ˰칫ҪǷ֮ǰĻȫԲξֳ˵ļȻһɲĲȴ֮ȨյȨҲྶͥȻԲԷ
ʱͬˣԴλϳгĴԺ󣬵λֱټʱգĿĻүҲڶԷˡ˼ʡרȻҪвֳʲôӡ
ܳɸ˰ѻ뵽İ칫ңԺʲ飬˼ȸξ򣬵Ȱ̯̿ҪĻöԷٹãԲᵢ󹤳̽ȵġ
Ϊ˵ѾܸԷˣ˭֪˼Ҹûվ˵ֳܾ쵼㱨һȻٺ̸˼˵Ժ󣬱ֱߵһȥ绰ˡ
ܳɸԷúƣȻûʲôףΪ̩еĲүܳɸٱôڨڨ֮Сǲˬܳɸûб¶˿ô˵±ϾԼǷԷܵҲӦõġ
ǳԷе쵼ָίίгһԷȻᣬ˿̩еʢίǺгôһССĲֳ˼ʲôǡţ﹫а壬û


һǧһʮ һ͵Ļ
Ժ󣬻߻ص˲ܳɸɳǰܳɸ״ŶԷƣ˭֪ٿ˵ֳܾҾͲˣﻹе飬ҾȻȥˣټ˵⻰ת׼ȥ
ܳɸ״æ˵ƾֳô˵߾ߣǱʿӵ飬ǲھʹȥ֮ǰѾ׼ˣ㿴˵⻰ͬʱܳɸվԷ·
⻰Ժվסӣ˵ֳܾ쵼˵ˣº޹ˣǱǮ㻹Űɣ˵⻰Ժ󣬻ٲȶԷ˵ʲôֱͷҲصس˲ֳ칫ҵţֱǰȥ
ܳɸԷ⻰Ժһ˵ӦʶԷʱ򣬻ٵӰѾʧˡܳɸҡҡͷֻתԼİ칫ȥͷ㿼ŶԲߡ
֮ǰ뵽һôǵģڹȻˡ¿е鷳ˣҲ̫ģϾҲǷ£ʲôĻҲֲͷϡҲиߵĶţһ룬ܳɸҲͱİˡ
ܳɸҰοһЧת֮䣬ݾˡϰ칫ϵĺɫ绰͵һֲõԤСеûףҲǸǻǻ㲻ĵԺ˻Ͳ
հͲڶߣ㴫һʮιǲ־ֳҰɣҲܳɸӵ绰
ܳɸȻϤһӶԷǿƵĿл˶ԷݡŻͲ˵гãǲܳɸָʾ
һ벻ԷȻһɵöλֳ߿һۣݵĳĬԺˡһŵ绰ŭ˵ܳɸôĵѽʡר㶼ԽҪ˵쵼ʡίʡ쵼ѽ
һ֮ǰѾȷĿˣ绰ǸԷ͸ñӵģȻ˵ĻñȻԽԽãԽԽá
ܳɸ벻ԷھȻôݣͷϿĿ쵼ñӣ쵼ʡ쵼Ҫ֮ǰ׼ܳɸ治֪ӦԷ֮ǰƵһҲĳг治ǣҪе·ĻԲѡͶԷԵġ
ܳɸʶشվŵ绰˵гӣҰһ͡
ӸղŶԷһӾĵ绰һûСλֳ˼ҪģĬʮӣŶŵ绰˵УҾ͸һ͵Ļᣬܸһʲô˵
ܳɸ⻰Ժ󣬰һԷԸͣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲǸһᡣ˵֮ǰѾ˵Է׼ҲǲѶΪ֮пܵĻ뾡ҪôݡڶԷҲһᣬһҪúðա
ܳɸǹ˵һллȻ˵г֪ȷʵôҲѹϻҪʵھòˬĻͺݺݵ䣬ҾԲκ
˵Ժ󣬲ܳɸͣ˻ͷһʾԺټ˵˭֪һԺ󣬶Էһ㿪ڵ˼ҲûСֻӲͷƤ˵гʿӵ⣬Բǲֵ⣬ҾĵҲѹԴʡҪǮҲûа취½⣡ǲûƾֳȰȥǶý
ܳɸĻѾ˵÷ǳ¶ˣ֮ѹǮΪ쵼˻ˣֻǷ°ˡ˼ȷɴܣЩ꣬㻹ûٰߣȻ֮ôϾôϾûаϵ
һ⻰Ժ˼Ժ󣬿˵ֳܾǲǿ԰ղŵǻΪĳλĳλ쵼ʿӿڲֵģ
ܳɸ벻һȻ˵ֱӣһӾ֪λشˣ֧˰죬ſ˵гǸӦ֪ҸղŻ˼ʵĻ治֪ô˵
֪֪˵벻˵һ¡һ˵
ܳɸԷĻԺһеڸղ˵ô¶ˡ˿̣һָ֪ܲ쵼гԪΪ˶Է˭ðŵﳣгΣȥءһղ˵ģµһ£ҪǴԼ˵һ¡һĻܳɸȻԪ˵ˡ
һܳɸ˵ʲôҲԸԪ˵ҲԸҲԷĥߴˣǿ˵ֳܾҲղǻʲô˼Ҳǲģˣ֮ȷظ㣬ʿҪһֲȫξֵϣҪһҲҪˣҪ˵ľô࣬Ϊ֮ɣ
˵⻰Ժ󣬲ȶԷκαʾһֱ۵һ½˵绰ϡܳɸĶһ̶æһ˵֪Ǻá벻λгȻǿƣﲻмΪԼĵȥջ绰г칫ҵĺ롣
һ֮Դ绰Ҳ̽Էһ˼ڵõĻش֮ǰһг˵֮ìѾɱˣԷʵǲܡ֮ǰõķԸԷһĻȻܻᵢһʱ䣬Ȱ¸㶨ԲҪ밲ĵظĿ⻹ǺбҪġ
һϰϰȻģѽҲһѣʱ򾿾˭Բ˶ߣߣ


һǧһʮ ͬ
ͨ飬һԪ˺ǲܣô˵ҪСĻҲӦ֡ǵ͵Ĺ˽֣Ϊ˸˵һ˽ȫо÷չĴڲˣ˾Ȼһ֮е
˼һԺһ֮ǰ뷨ȥֻöԷоѹԺŲء
ϣФһڹԱߵĽ𻨾¥档һеȹģķֵ꣬дһ㶼ϰФ𾴣֪Ҫ̸ⰲһߵİ䣬ͿԱ˹ˡ
ȲԺФ߷ԱٽкĻҪԱͷϰղѾйˣФֳգȻع͵ģǿڵ͵û¡
ȷԱȥԺФȥһ˻㱨ʱ䣬صڸΰΣФץæͬʱصעһļ顣
⼸鶼ȽУФܴĵȥ飬ȴӹ־֡Ȼ̫֯򣬵ҲĿǰΨһˡ±֪ĻҲ󣬱ϾʱֻһͨĽͨ¹ʣֳһ£òҲʲô˵顣
ФͨϸĵĲңڸײ˹־ʧٵ˾лƴʡƶСÿ׿ȥǱ߰참ʱ˶ԷһҹغԺ󣬽һҹ齫лſܻ
ԷڷˣФûÿ׿ֱ̩ƶжԶԷʡǽ賿飬һѶʣ׿ûзκмֵȷʵһͨĳ
л뽻ʱɳӣھڵʱͻȻһϸٵı˽γΥµͷɲֱײȥʱǳг־ĳԺ绰˵ȻѸгײˣʱͺµòС
ֻܺͨģлﻹǲ̤ʵǴɽزɳ˾Ĺصƴϼҡ
Ф֮ȲһҪΪеûףտ׿Ϣл뽻ŶȻǷǳߵģﻹе׼Է
һϵľƱФ˾٣ȻͺһڣҰһԺ¶ʹı飬߶Һ¿ڡһ⣬ֱӷŽ׼ȥѹѹơ
Ժһ̧ͷФһ˵мңô
Фһ£˵һһл˵ûΪ֮ǰҲĵֳϣⲻһΪĳʱǲȡƶʩģӽֳƬԿóǺںڵɲӡڵϷǳԡôģеͲͨˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷ˵ʵҲţôĵӸȥıɱгĻȫ䶯򲻵ѵʱ򣬾Բôȥɵġ
˵еҲôġһФ˵ÿ׿ҪΪǸ˾ȻֻһͨĳǺûʲôϵˡ
һ֪ФΪǸ˾ڿ׿ϲã˶ʮСʱ˵Ļܻǳ鷳
Ф⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻ󿪿ʵǽ׼ôأ֮ǰ׼⵱һͻƿڵģڿָˡ
һһ̸֧ФȻ󿪿˵ΪģУҾù÷ѩޱûбҪ˵ѣĻǿûаô
⵹ҲǣФ˵
֮ǰФҲ÷ѩޱ˵˰ܹܰ飬һ˵ģûбҪ˵ѣΣФɽعֵ˴ʱܰȷʵ˵һ澯پ֮Ļ£ǲѵġһ˵Ӧȷ¡
ԺФʵһ㿴Ӧأ
ФȻһһҪԭ򣬵ΪֵܣֻҪģһǡ
һ³һŨصԺ󣬿˵ֽ׶ζ̸ˣֻдϮǼ֣ϣͻơ
ֻҪǻ̩гûҵǣӦǳ⡣Ф˵ҾҵԺ󣬷Ǻ֮ǰûʲô
Ф˵Ժûм˵ŶԷܶ˼ϴһϮ֮ǰ鶼ûйϵ֮ΪйϵһõϮ˺֮ǰȥɽׯA4űͬˡ
ʱϣԷһĳһԺתӴܡ£һҪ˵ĳȻǲܵģҲ˵֮ǰһֻһܲ⣬ûκΰա
ФĻԺһʵǵ˵ѽ˵ǰγֵĸһǲͬˣһ˵ڵֻһһˣ֪ѶȲСֻ鷳ϵˣ
Ф󣬹õ˵һ˵⻰ɾͼˣ֮˭˭ѽֻôĽҿյס˵ʵҵôˣһôƵİӣ˵ˣԷΪǶһ֪һһһһݣģ˲ˬ
һФһƵı飬˵׵һ죬ǰǲܷ
ѽ̩ǲԻѽǻöһۡФ˵ˣ˵˽ĿʽʡѾֿԴһˣףһ¡˵꣬һ˾Ʊ


һǧһʮ ͣ
˶һԺһĴ˶ԷҪǶԱ˵ĻһԲôгҪ˵̩滹һĻɾФˡ
Фղһ⻰ʱҲһ˵Ϊ׼Ŀ龭ίԺѾ֪飬ټʡﶼѾ˿ˣȻȻضΪ³ˡФ벻Ȼһ棬ǳ֮⣬һӾ֪ôˡ
˺ð죬Фűһ䣬һôĻ᲻ʲô飬һҪµĻǡ
һЦ˵ģܳʲô鶼ûйϵҵϣע飬кϷأ
ФԷ˵ô϶ҲûټȥˡһֱһǷǳΣȻԷ˵ô϶ҲûҪҲˣֻҪܺԼһ̯ˣŶԷὫ㶨ġ
뵽һ⼸飬Фһй֮УԷô˼Ӻȴʲôæﲻϣǲˬ˼㡣֮ǰӵ׿ĵ绰ǵ𳵻ûʲôˣ֮绰һԼԷһ£ҲΪģԷһ£Ҳˡ
ֻˣԷǱˣܹˣԺˣһ취Ҳûˡ
룬Фȴû˵ĻҲ̫еԼߵʿˡһҲԸĻ
˼ͷĵӲᣬԲûжȡһίίгһһ㣬Ҳǹֵĳ񸱣˵ǶѾһϸߵĲˣӺȾ˵ȴûյˬ⡣
طʱһںί죬Фɳÿƴƣذȵ߻صľݡѾҲ޷ҵǷ벻ˣ˵ڵõһЩͬʱҲעʧȥһЩһ㲻νãеã˵Ҳ
ڶһ磬һ֪ͨκͻİ칫ң˲ҵ飬˹һûж˵ֻ֪ͨ˵ȱ̩չ̺ͷɽȪĿȫͣʲôʱٿϢ
Ȼ֮ǰѾκ˻㱨κûκ쳣ֻ֣ǰһָʾؼ¼ڱʼǱϡдԺ̧ͷһ˵гģҺͻƾֳӵһᶨƵִȥκҲС
Է⻰Ժæ˵ѽκг˵Ҳ˵ģǶ֪гһõģȻ뵷Ծͣڳʲô
ⷬ˵Ȼûо˼һµģҲǽᣬȷ̬ȻѾվˣǾ͵óһ̬ٳҪõľģɡҡڲĺġ
һ˵ĻԺﻹǺܿĵģȴ˿Ҳûб¶Ŷ˵ˣͲҪ˵ôˣԶʧҪڵʱһ˵ģֻҪɺ÷¾ˡ
˵һ⻰˵едˣȫһ쵼ĸоǳгӼ˵κһģǸɲ
һֱһһˣǾԲ᷸ôͼĴġ֮԰ѻ˵ǿƣΪ˸ǰλŮʿҸģֻҪ˵ȥˣʲô飬һǶŵġ
˵ˣǿƵıǶԶ˵İκͻٶᵽˡκ˻һۣ˵гΪ³ʲôĻҺһеΣѵлʹʹɼ飬Ȼֿӣ˾ͲгˣҲӲһء
һ벻κȻ˵һеСŮˣһҵһǺѪԵġ˿̣еңȥ¬صʱʱ˶ԷҪȻΪǿ֡
κȷ̬ˣĶ׼˵һȴҡҡ֣ʾԷ˵ˡ
һλ˵ǷģºһϵûУɸΪ֮£˭еΣǾ˭еΣ޹صֲϣйصıܡ
˵ʱһϿνɫԪֲ˴ֵı֣ȷʵڲ֮Ҳͱ¶˳ô˵ĿĵȻҲΪ˸κͻģռģûбҪʧ˵ʵгȻţ棬һͲ˶Է
κͻٶоһǿƣ˶һۣﰵϲ˭ϣԼϴǿһأĻں˲ܶˮͨƵ飬ȫȷϣһ˵֧ǺܸģڶԷǿƣôǻʲôõĵأ
һλϵı֮ǰ˺ܴĹۣҲܿģʱóһʱҧҧ˵ͦȥˣҪڹؼʱ̶סĻǾͼпܳһֽˡ
һ˻һۣ˵ƾֳҪһ£ܳʲô㶼ҧһ仰ҪһֲҪһĲȡûеֿܡҪùñѹ˵Ļֻơ
֪ˣг֮ǰκгѾ˵ˣλ쵼֧֣˵⻰ʱ򣬻еģǺǣٻش
˵Żʱ򣬿κȥʵ֮ǰԷûк˵⻰ǧ򴩣ƨκǷǳ⻰ġ
ٵϣκ⻰Ժǿģæ˶Էһۣ΢Цŵ˵ͷ


һǧһʮ Ǻܹע
һ֮ı΢΢˵ͷҲơλĿǰΪص£ͲÿǸùϵأô˵أ
гһȥԺǾͺʥºϵ㿴ʲôҪġκʵ
һһԺ󣬸׼˵䣬תһ룬ֱ˵Ͳ˰ɣͻŰɣǰ£ҷġ
һһֱ˵֣ȥȴһҲʲôףԵȻУе֮зǳԡ
һĻԺκЦ˵ǵʲôǲģԲ쵼ȷָʾһ£벻쵼ȻҲǴֻ̫ȥŰˣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵͵ɲһϰѽ
Ļ䣬칫漴˿Ц˿Ҫ˴Ļһ벻ͣ飬Ļⶼ˿ģҪǻĻָأ
ӵٵĵ绰Ժ󣬾ʥºﶼɻ󣬵˶ûжʣֻǱʾִָʾ
ͣʥ˵ν̩ҵģӮҲãҲգĹʷһ֣รܵӰ죬ξֵ˱Ѿ̫ˣʮ⣬쵼ôô
ºȻΪͶ˽ɽȪȼٴ壬ϵתø˱ˣ˵۱Ҳ׬˲٣ָһġͻȻӵ֪ͣͨﵱȻˣһ棬ʲô飻һ棬⾿ǻٵ˼˼ܹؼ
ºͨƵһԺڸȥ˵е뷨Ȼһ˼һ֧֡ҪûжԷĻɽֲģ˲˵Ǹ֣ͬɾͱǮˣòƶ˺һԽһôҲû̵
תۣѾͣˣʱסˡ
һ磬Ԫյ칫ң칫ϵĵ绰һȻ֮ŵĵ绰Է˵еҪȥ칫һˡ
ԪﾡܺǲˬǴӦΪʵҲκһȥɡǵûκ⣬Դ绰ȥ飬ܲίǵгİ칫ɣҲδ̫ţһ㡣
ԪﲻˬĲǶԷʱȥ飬һϰ࣬Էôһһϼ¼ȥѵ˼Ҳû˵ʲô˲õ飬ڶԷôŽȥȿڲĹ򶼲
ǲˬѾӦˣܲ˵Ԫڰ칫ĥʮӣӲǰѲ豭ȸˣվ֮ŵİ칫ȥߣ߰԰οҿǺٹȥģߣ
ԪƵǣ˼Ժֱ֮ӿξ㿪顣ھʲô治Ǻ
֮ǰֳֻܳɸ߶أ˵ξֵĻûǮȥҪͣģҲûԷٹ㱨Ҳûٷϡ벻֮žͻȻһӻ治֪λش
Ԫ֧䣬Ҫȥ˽ûзȨܲſںߣҲûǸҪ
ԪⷬıԺ֮ŵˣԪгȻڵǺԷˡҪ¼չȥĻпܸں浹ùǿֵ̫ˡ
ʶԺ֮ɫ˵г֪ͷĹܶ࣬㻹Ҫעһ¡ʡһӲôһʿӲףĻʱӦþͻ쵼ˣ˵ǰɣ
Ԫ֮ⲻײеסˣ⻰˵ģôͷҶԲأɻ󣬵ǵ˵ͷȻ󿪿˵ллѣȥһһг
Ԫ⻰ȥйоûκ⣬ȻˣһһľҵȻҪȥѯʾ帺µһ俴ƺĻﱳʵȴŵ
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ȻĻбҪ̽һ֮ţǲһ֮ܵ㱨ʲôˣԷһͺ̸¡
֮⻰Ժ󣬵û룬ǳԪ˵ͷȻ߶ϵĲ豭ģغ
ԪԷû̽ڳһȲͿ͵̬ǲˬ汾û⣬֮ſͼԲſһһʱģе벻ס
вʣԪվ֮Ŵһк̧뿪˶Էİ칫ҡûеõҪĴ𰸣Ҳ˼ⲻߣҲе̫ҪˣԪ϶ġ
ԪԼİ칫ҳȥԺ֮ŵϳһĨɫǰʱ䣬չʱֻǾλǿһ㣬ڹӦûͦģ벻˽룬δȷ
ǰ֪˵ԪΪ˴ﵽһĿľʡרԷ벻һҲǺǵģɴӲˡ¶֮˵һ£һֲϣеͣ͸ԳǴ˵Ҫˡ
˭֪ӵһ绰Ժ֮Ųˣ绰쵼ʡȪġԷڵ绰ʡ̩иĿܸȤڽڹȥһҪǰ׼


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绰Ժ֮ɽۻ˼ʡ٣̩˵һ£㹻ӣȤĿܳ©Ȫ֮Դ绰Ҳ˼֮Ųϳ⡣
֮ڵ绰Ȫʱʲôʱ֮ǰһӣһֱ൱ĹϵȪ绰˵¾Ϳɼһߣ֮˵ҲûҪҴˡ
Ȫʱûöʲôʱ򣬵ƻҪһʱ䣬ϾǮŸողȥܵøһʱ׼˵ԺȪͣһᣬŽ˵֮ѽҵĹ£ʮѮĻӦþʮһѮݹʡʱԿһ㣬Ӧûʱȥ
Ժ֮ŵæһ쵼ʾлԼԷпյ̩棬ԷúȦ
ȪϲСƣ֪֮ġ˵ΪʡλȨأҲ಻֮СƶҲˡȻ˵Ҳ׼ȷȪֻҪһſڣҪƵųȥұֻ֤Ӯ䣬ƣ򲻸Ҵġ
һҲֻ֮ŵȼˣԴҲǸĵġ֮ŵĻˬشӦ˵ʲôʱпȥʱһǰ绰
֮쵼һԺ󣬱ԲŶԷϢΪʡҶ˵绰ȻСذѻͲ֮ȻǳϤ˽Ҳǳã¼ĹϵȴһҲңĻǿɾҪˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ֮ŽԼ鷿˺һ̣ȨסҪҪ¸ԪһѣǱץģҪǳʲôĻίǲû̫ĹϵҲóеʲôΣȴԪúúһġ
˺һԺ֮ŻǷ뷨ؼԭ׼½ʡ˼˵ڸ㣬ίǣʵһ֣Ҫʡ˰ͷϵĻҲûʲôԵġʡԪһһ٣Ҳֵѽ
֮ȥò·չȥԪһ£ҪǶԷĻǾ͹ֲˡǰǸ̶Ѿˣ㻹ƫҪǾԹñˡ
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֮ſԪش칫뿪Ƶ˼㣬ģ֪Ȼ⸱ԣӾͲˣతʲô³ǿɾ˵ˣߣ
ڰ칫ﰵԲˬгǱҪ˵ˣ˵Ƶ˼㡣׼һʹӵģ벻Լװ˽ȥбƵ
ص칫ԺԪĵһǰѴ绰ܳɸöԷİ칫ҡԪ֮Զ֮˵ӣҪΪһ㲻ͬѰζҪֻ֮ŵ˼ԪԲ˸Էӵġ֮Ÿղ֮͸¶ʡ쵼ºܹעɲԪˡ
Ȼ֮ǡٴʥּȷ£ô˵ҵ֮źͳʡȪ֮ĹϵƺҪõһصϢӦҲʲô¡ĻȻҵˡ
ܳɸԪϴĿܼȻҵߵĳ񸱾ֳ˵ге飬һ°ɡ˵Ժ󣬲ȶԷӦվűʼǱ˻ҡ
񸱾ֳ龰ȵ⣬ֲм˸Уǣϴڼˣɾ˵ˣ˸еǲܳɸгĹϵֳ֮λú²Żֵ
˶ԲܳɸĽѣԼȴôġӸղгĻУ˺ǲõĸоΪʱûʲôԲԷ飬⾿ôأ
ص칫Ժ󣬲ܳɸһҲûе飬±ʼǱͲ豭Ժץ㼱Ҵҵ¥ȥˡ·ͻȻк˾Լֱӿϳֱȥ
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ܳɸϵʱûֱȥԪİ칫ңȽиһԿİ칫ҡôĿĺܼ򵥣ֻȸг͵ټΪ¡
ԿͲܳɸԪˣƽʱ϶࣬˴֮ĹϵܲĹԿṩһϢܳɸгǵʱŲڴֲ˵Կ͸¶ϢԺ󣬲ܳɸȻҲܿűƱЩܼһһ㶨
ܳɸԿİ칫ֻң㼱Ҵҵسˡ죬ܳɸûܴԿǵõҪĶԷֻǸϰ֮ǰȥһͷİ칫ҡ˵λ쵼һЩʲôͲö֪
ܳɸ²Կ˵ȷʵ֪һ£ίǺг̸飬һСô֪ء
ʶԺ󣬲ܳɸԿİ칫ҳˣȻԷûҪϢȻûбҪٴˡҪ֪˿Կİ칫ﻹðһķյģԪ͵عĻ˶óԲ˶ߣԴ˵ز˾
Ȼ̽ԿֻӲͷƤȥг칫ˣǸǻǻ㲻ܶԷΪʲô飬̬ȹһܹûд
칫ſԺ󣬲ܳɸ֣¡ֻûü£Ѿ˽æСƿţЦ˽ȥûףϻҪװһ㣬ԵĲ顣


һǧʮһ ָʾ
Ԫܳɸô͹ˣﻹǺģλһֱµĵɽҪǽȽϹ죬һ㲻ôԷӣڵ绰ջǵġ
ȻѾˣûҪôżˣָָ칫ǰӣȻһ֧̹ȥ
ܳɸ԰ϴ̬ȣ˵̫⣬ղָֺǱ߽Ͼģһ˵Żܳ壬ĻӦòʲô¡һ룬ܳɸ㵭ˡ
ԺԪԲܳɸ˵ɸѽǰʱ˵ξǱʿӵô˵ģ֮ǰһ£ôû㱨ģ
ܳɸ⻰ԺԩԷ۾˵ϹξǱʿӵʼնǶԷģپܾǮԺ⵽Է칫רŻ㱨ʱԪ˵ٲȷţʲôʱҪˣȻͻˡȻ˵һ
ǲˬܳɸһ㶼ұ¶˵ٴһѹˣ⻰һû쵼˵ûл㱨ûл㱨㱨Ҳûá
ܳɸͷ˵гˣûϸ㱨ľġ
ܳɸʱԪ۾ûԷĻµȥǰǳν顣žøٸξ֣һŻ⡣ڿȷʵ̫һ㣬ҲѹֶԷͬ⣬е̫۸ˡ
ʱԪ֮òܳɸֻξΪ뵽֮ǰһкüβӣ²̨ڻعͷȷʵеˣҲѹֶԷԸܡ
ܳɸ˵Ժ󣬼Ԫþû̧ͷѸɨһۣԷɮ붨һһﲻеģ֪Էıʲô˼ֻĵȴš
Ԫʶܳɸ˵ˣ͵һ̧ͷŶԷʵ˵ˣǱߵıô
ܳɸ⻰Ժ룬˵ǰ죬ҺһξֵһԷ˵̩ͷɽǱߺѾͣˣ˵ǻԴĵ绰г⡭Ǹôأ
ܳɸĻ٣Ϣģ˵ξֵһԷǼٵġڵʱһ仰ûǮͣûף˹ȥģõϢˡ
Ԫ첻ܳɸҲ׼㱨һ飬˵ֻǷ£ҪʲôĻпܸں浹ùԷ˻ǱȽϹĵġ
ԪܳɸĻԺ󣬵˶Էһۣŭ˵˵ʲôϻͣͣʲôϵֳͣģгͣģǣ˵ʱ򣬶ӣ˵
ܳɸ⻰Ժ룬˵˼ͣģӲֻø˼һ˼Ҳ⣬Ȼͣˡ˵Ļξ֮ҶѲ˵ĸϵ
ܳɸƵı飬Ԫɫһ˵ɸѽϴξֵĻ˵ʱ׼ȲԷǮģ
ܳɸ⻰Ժ󣬲ûѪҵģֻԷôת۾ˣͷң⻰˼Էȫҵ˼ˡ
뵽Ժ󣬲ܳɸټˣܶԷһ֮⻰ȴΪ¹ϵش󣬸㲻õĻԲ˶ߡ
ܳɸ̧ͷԪ˵гָʾҸξֵĻƾֳʱֻȲ򣬺ĿҪݹ̵ĽȣҪʱٲǡ
ԪܳɸĻԺ΢΢һ㶣漴תһ룬еףԷ˵ĿԼڹʶʱԪﰵδҲ̫Сһɣô
ﲻˬԪ˶Էһ˵УǵǸĿͶʽܶȿܱȽϼУɣһȥԺ͸ƾֳ绰˵ｫǵĿӵȥ졣˵ԺԪ룬ֲһ䣬˵ҵ˼
ԪһٲὫܳɸģöԷǿһ˼ŻӦòڲӡ
ܳɸԪȻûȷ֮ǰʣҲûнƣһĻҲͲٺͶԷƽˡڼȻгѾȷ̬⻰˼ҪľѧѣȻκ⡣֪ˣгȥԺƾֳ绰
ܳɸ˵ˣԪҲԸٺ˵ʲôǳ˻֣ʾȥˡ
ڸղŷ˶Է˼ܳɸҲԷԺ󣬹صһټվŤͷȥ
ٽʱһӵ˻ٵĵ绰Էڵ绰˵ղŲֵĲܳɸֳ绰ȥİ칫һˣｫǲֵĿ˵ȥ̸һ̸
һ֮УֻҪξֽ̩ͷɽĿͣעͻסڿˡ
룬ŵ绰˵ƾֳڽһʱڣĿΪͷϷξֵͬ־ϵĵӺѽҪרҵһһǲбҪһЩĿúõĳѧϰѧϰӲѽ
һֱ˵ֻһžֳСϰѬգټʵڹٳЩŵһһĻԺ˵лгѣʵһֱ뷨ԭȥʡξʵⷽ顣


һǧʮ 
ƾֳеܲγȥԶ࿴˾ͲҪˣҿֳټһְͲˡ
⻰Ժ󣬻ᣬӿ˵ĸֳټϻպȥ걻ѡʡģФг㿴Σ
һȫ˼Ц˵ƾֳ⻰ʵÿɾͲˣξ飬ôأ
⻰Ժ󣬿һЦæ˵ԣԣȷʵҵĲԣгȥʹһ£Ͳˡ
һһԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰ӸղŻٵĻпԿԷûȫ䣬ڱл롣ȻĻǾӦúݺݵؽһʱʹʲô
Ҷϵ绰Ժһϰϳһ֧̣Ȼ͵һֻ˹ȥ
Ǹѩޱͬ峿ʱʹҪһԷһŮӵη빤ʱҪģ°༫㣬һĻԵúбҪˡ֪֮ǰѾˣԼʻûκ⡣
һ֮ôһԭǾǳôܸ࣬Է֮٣ֲͨһ¶ԷһڲǮ˻ľ˾ȶԺ󣬻ŴǱߣڶὫֺϡڶ˵ʮС治ʲô˵顣
֮ѡʮģ¹費ԸܣֻǴһͨķ룬˵ʴʲôĶͦߵģԶԶûеܿʮ򳵵ǸϣĻҲе̫ˡ
һ绰ʱ򣬲û˵ʲô飬ֻ˵ĩԼԷȥԴй䡣
䲻һΪʲôҪȥԴУ֪ԷǱӦûʲôѵģôȥǱߵġɻ󣬵ǿĵشӦֻҪܺһһͿģ˵ȥԴݣӦ죬Ƕν顣
һ֮ѡȥԴУԭܼ򵥣ǾΪǱ̩ȽϽһûʶ˵֮䲢ûκŮ˽飬һ͸һŮˣҪ˵֮ûֹϵĻû˻šȻĻһֻѡȥһ˭Ҳʶǵĵطˣ⡣
ڶһ磬һ¾СӵԺһ·ߵС꣬˵緹ԺԴгˡ
Уһע߶ȼУ¾Сʱе㵣ıѩޱ֪ôģϴؼͶԷԺһֻҪ¾С£Ҫϰˡ
̩ԴֻһСʱҵĳ̣ûҪżɣɳ˳Ժһ迪ˡ˵֪ԷļʻУϾóʱ䲻ˣöԷϰһ£õʱ˳Ժ֪롣
軹ΪһҪϢһ£Ա˼˭֪ԷްϢ˼һ߰·ʱʱһЩע㡣״ﰵôѾָҵĻԼأ
⻰룬˵ڵģһ֮õģô˵ء
豾ͻῪֻжʱûпˣ̫и·ķӦ̫ʱ˶ѡԶĳڻʻ˵ֱС߳죬ٶһ㣬עһҵûʲô⡣
һԷܹزٿˣҲٹˣһ֧̣ͳߵķ羰˼һκ˵顣ȥǾòǰ˵ĻԷһҪģһĻΡ
ԺһͶ˵ѽȥԴҪҲıһ£׼һ£ôǿС鲻ô
һ֮˵ҲĿĵģǴαԺһֱƺΪ磬жԷӣȻҲûˡĻһΪ׼ȻҲ˵СʱԷܾҲÿˡ
רĿ͵һ⻰һûзӳѿڶʲôʲô
һҡҡͷ漴Ѹղ˵Ļظһ顣
ˣǳСԼ۱ҲߣǳʺŮӿǰͮ˵ǳģ˵ҶϪ׼ϰһأû̸أ
衢ͮҶϪǺѣ˵̩Ӧ죬֮仹ǻᾭϵģԶԱ˴˵Ľ
һԷĻ˵оˣ⻰ԺԼʶ˲ԣ漴ÿĽǶȺ࣬ҲҸһԭɣ
⻰Ժתͷ˶ԷһۣȻгҲϡϣܳΪġ
˴˿Ǹ룬ȴûеŶԷơһؿųһĿͷĿ顣ԪѾһĵߣŻ˼ҵķӦԻ˵ĻǮһҲС
ȻԷѾòˣԲеĶξֵϣȻĻûٲҪԷֱΪܶԷķӦ֡
ڴ˹У֮ŵ˻աξĵȻξ㣬ö֮οһյȻܾ֮ŵ֪ϢԺȻʾãвϣ鶼һĻһ׾ٵؾͽԷˣԪòһٹ¾ս


һǧʮ 鳵
һ֮ʣͻȻ迪˵磬㿴Ǳߺоڲ鳵㿴Ǹô죿
һ⻰ֱǰȥֻշվǰվżλһ˿عĳͷĿӦǸֳ⵹һǳصľùԴеĹֳôᵽ·鳵ģ
һٶһ˹ֻ߻λˣһһŻͲȻûʽģŻͲںλֳʲǫ֮̂ġ
һĻһݸڻĹӦǼֲˣɣʲôҲǱزٵģԼҲôɹ
Ժһ˵裬ôʣôǵĳ͵ĸоĳǵ·ɡ
룬ȷʵô£鳵ǲ޶ǮĹϵʲôýŵأֽŸʵǸտ˵Ӧʶߵѯʣô죬Ǹô
õһԺ費ĶˣؼٽշվʱѳһͳǮݸ衣ӹǮѸٴ򿪳Ǯ˳ȥ
Ʊݵһ˲䣬վһߵͻȻǵĳ˹һԺʾ轫һȥܼ顣
һĻеĻˣʻСһ磬ô죬Ҫǡ
һһĻҲú֣˵ԷܲĳⱦɣϹҵĿǾƣرţǸŶεġҪĻҲֲطϵľָֻŵġ
ڲԷ·һοû£Ҫǲ£⳵ûκ⣬ˣļûд
һʻԺһ£˵ӦǴİɣ
ûгԼʲôҲ̫ģǽڰġһ͵ؿһʣе㲻ȷϡ
һ󣬵û̫⣬ļûдߣͨϢԲ鵽㰴սĻҲ£ҪĻһҲˣҲһٿǮѡ
ѳԺ˳٣ǵһα飬еţ̬ȻǷǳġ
ԴеЩʵǽ̾ĸֳ½Ĵ£ķսƻһǣʡʮе԰ڽܹԴе̨ƵĲɷáΪ˴ﵽʵɷõЧѡ˵ʱİءԴйշվ
ڲɷõĹУ֧Ӹ֧ӳ͵ؿһװɣɹžʻ˹ְҵУߵľʹһɫһ˹ȥóһܼ顣
ڸɷõļ߶ͻȻֵܸȤæ׼ǰ
½״æ׼ҡҡ֣˵ȲҪģ˵˼һĻ̫˵鷳
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ǵһǵȻð죬¾ˣǵڶǿɾ鷳ˡһ£ܸõĳͳƵĽɫҪǷͷһ£׳Բ˶ߡ
һ£೵һֻ۱һֻ۾͹ȥˣ٣˼ҹҵıϾǾƣطϸûмȨޣûҪû¸Լ¡
һϾλߵ棬ҪǶĳӶĻƺҲе˵ȥԳ½ڲ͵Ķûʲôȴֹ˼ǰ㣬Ҳ鷳
ٴη³λͷľ侴һȻ󿪿˵ʾʻ֤ʻ֤
⻰Ժæشҵļʻ֤ڰأȥá˵꣬ƿţ׼ȥȡ
һ³ģƺеţҲӳˣóʻ֤׼ݹȥӭ洫һ̫ȷĳƺг
һһͷĸо֮Ժ赽Դ±˿벻³ϳˡһǰȥֻ֮ǰλֳ߹ǻȻǳԶԷ֮ڡ
һʶһһͷһ飬ӲûԷ˭ȶԷߵǰԺ¶ڨڨһЦȻ󿪿˵̩еһǣҺ񡭡
½벻ǰλȻ̩еĳгһղһֻ̽벻һСæǰһסԷ֣˵гããҽһ£ǹԴйֵĳ½оֵФһʡμӹѵ˵㣬Աһۣ벻Ȼ㣬һѽ
һһǰλȻФѣȻҪӣЦ˵ԭǳ¾֣㣬
½⻰ԺҲܿģ䲻⻰٣Էô˵Ӧûͦӵġǰʱ䣬Фһμʡһѵ࣬һ𽫽һ£Ϊǵİȥ̩д졣Ф飬˱
ʱ˺˵ƣɳĻ⳶˿ȥФ˵̩ггһ˵ĸǣԷһžƵĸװţ档Ф˵һǳĺŶΡ
½󣬾Ͷһۣܸ㵽ֳƵ˾Բͨˣ˵гˣίҲδظöʱҪʱ򣬺úýύһ£Ѷ·


һǧʮ г
ղ߽ʱ򣬳½ͿФ˵úټϵʱФ˵һͬѧ£ʮͷѾǳгˡΪ˷ֹ½ţФóǰʱһӲʱĵƬ
죬һԺ󣬳½úФеλ̩гǾǰкһ벻Ȼ汻ɶˡλ˵ĿФҲûдţ֮Ľȷʵܲһ㡣
ڼֳʶλӳˣ츱֧ӳæߵǰһղŵݸʻ֤ݻ˹ȥ˵ץеļʻֶ֤û졣
ղſֳƺΪгҶԷԳ̩еģѵʮ˾Ȼ̩гδе̫˰ɣô˵ԷȻݣǵȻܺ͵Ҽ֮鳶ϱˡȻ˵ĻȻûٲ鿴ıҪˡ
ԷȻϳһȻҪΪܣĻǿе˵˼ܵȻҲҪע⣬ֻǵغ˵һ䣬ãһе顣˵ûãǾͲ֪ˣ½ȻҲɵѯʡ
ڶԷݱȽ⣬½ȻҪһ˵ҪҪ㱨һ¡һ̩еĳг˹Դɸгдһ£Ҳ֮УϾֵܳУӻӦõġ
һæƴǵˣ˵ǰ˽µģͲ鷳ˡ
½ҲͲһˡ
վ·һᣬһˣԲӰԷΪͷиǵҪ󡣳½ȻύһȻҲʺ϶ģǴ´ͳһƬص˹ȥ
һӹԺҲóԼƬݸ˶ԷȻλλ֣кϳȥˡ
ŸװɣɴǰʧԺ󣬲ͺس½¾֣ղųΪг̩ег
λ߸ղеԶû½ĳƺ͵һ˵˶еסˡ˭Ѹղλʮ˺õؼегϵһȥǲ̫һ
½ϲĿ⣬ص˵Ҳ˾ŲʮղλȻ̩ϴ󣬵ȴǳ񸱣Ҳţ˰ɣ
˵֪ղ˾Ȼ̩еĳгɵöһ˵˱˵ȻӡͽʮΪ֧ӵĸ֧ӳƽʱһֵҸоͦģ˱Ƚϣ޲ڸضȥ룬е㲻ģǿʵֳӦúѽʮûУ
½⻰Ժб˶ԷһۣȻʵʲô˼ҿȥʮ𣿾֪ӦòʮôСǲе㼵ʣ˼ҵ˵
⻰Ժæϡ˵ղλȻʮĳгɵִ۾֮С˵뵽طǿɲữδҲ̫һɣ
һ赱Ȼ֪뿪Ժ󣬷һĻڹշվԺͽˣݳʱСġøһĿģԷȴ˵Ȼһ˵ˣ赱ȻûĵҲ̫öԷСˡ
һļƻ򵽳Ժ󣬺Ը緹Ȼֱӿ̩ȥԽԴԺѵˣֱȥ4Sꡣ
ڵİ£ԼСʱԺѱɣȵͣ˴4Sſڡ˷ܵضһ˵磬ҵļɣƺٶһ㡣
һԷŮһıͶһۣæ˵ٶȲȫһԺ࿪ͺˡ
⻰ΪһԺĳȻҲûзϣһԺ󣬾ƿ׼³ˡ
ߵ4Sſڵʱи˹һǳɰСŮһ΢Ц˵ϰãŮãλŮ㳤úƯҪǲµòĻһ򳵡ƼС飬յһɫģʷǳϡ
СŮĻһһ㶣ѵ㣬ôһ۾Ϳ򳵶򣬲Ƽľǿ֮ǰѡõľ顣ʱһԺֳ︡ϴںλʦСŮҪǸñʲôģλһƴ
С֮һӿЩʵһҲ֡һʱѾǿųģǸװıȻԷΪʲôҪѺúõıɣɵǣһԿ϶⳵һʿġȻ˵Ļǻʮа˾ΪŮʿġ
˵ܲ³һ飬Ǿ͸ˣȴרΪŮʿҲǸ߶;顣һһţ۾ضɨչҲС飬Ȼܲµóǵ뷨ˡ
ĹоϻʮУг״ԪһУֻҪǾȥɼģؼŬ
˿̵мΣС˵˿϶治˼˵˼˵òԡʵСµҲ˾Ųʮˣȷʵ׼һ飬ֻһõģġ
˿ﰵ֪ԷʲôʱܸԼ뵽ʱ͵ƣǺߡ
һıԺ䲻֪Էԭ򣬵˼ҵԱɻǻشأǿ˵С㣬Ǿ鷳ǹȥɫľ飬𣿡
֮ǰһһֱǸһɫľ飬ɫڻԵ⵼Աôһ˵ҲƺɫӦøʣԲŻдһʡ


һǧʮ 
һʻԺǸСŮæ˵ϰ壬ѵɫģʺλ㡣ѡɫĻǾ̫ͨһ㣬Գгʡ
һöԷ˵úеʶص˵ͷ
ںȴе㼱ˣһסһȻڶԷС˵磬磬ǲǴ绰ȥʣϲʲôɫģҪѡģϲǵʱɾ鷳ˣǲ˻ġ
һԷһ֣صı飬Ц˵û£ϲʲôϲʲô˵ҲúɫĲأ
һǻԺֱֹ֮ǰûһ˵ú̬֮͹¡һʻȫûýȥڸղŵǸ֮С
һԷıԺҲûпʣͷӿ˽ŲѸٸŮĺǰȥһ񣬼һ͵СѾ߳ԶˣæӴŲ׷ȥ
һŵԱ˲ֿֻʮͺŵĴڳͣ棬⻹ڵԱĴѡľڲֿ棬Աһֱ˹ȥ
ɣִɫľɲʲôʱֳģ֮ǰһλŮʿ²õԱ˵ϰ嵱ʱǱһӷ̨ǽܿõ
һ֪Ա˵ſںߣȻڽڽ4SıȽϳ֣ɫĳȷʵʲôʱ򵽵ġԷ˵ģǽȷʵ
Ϊǰᣬһ黹ͦģ˵ӣȥԿ⳵ȥͦġ
һ֮ûֱǳƺΪӾΪһ򵽳ԺöԷûƴǵĽڡҲνˣҪΪչϸ˵֮䲢ûʲôʵԵĹϵһݺó̵ֵĻԷ治һܡ
һĻ󣬵ȻƴǣǾ˳һԶ͵ľ飬Ƥκ촰Ժ󣬸оǳãѹҶϪΪû⳵һС°ȷʵһǳ顣
뵽ʱ費ҶϪĽ֮С϶Է绰˵ѾӦˣȹпվʹȥ4Sˡ˵ȳԺ͵̩ͮ˶֪ǼٵģҪǰ԰һĳŮ˾ԡ
֮ǰҶϪĻû̫⣬ÿͮһ𼷹°Ҳûʲôġڳ棬̬˱仯ҪһСţǶô飬ǿɱȼҪҸˡ
һڳ˷ܵı飬ˣ⳵ϿɵģǱվһߵĵԱļ۸񡣶Է˵һԺ󣬲˵һԽĻŻǧԪĤŵ֮Ʒ
һ֪ڵĳ۸ǳͦòѾܲˣǱ㲻׼ٺͶԷּۻ۵ˡð뿪ĳ˵⳵ôϲɣ
æ˵ɫҲܺãϲ
һЦ˵УҾ͸ˡ˵⻰Ժְ淭һпݸ˵Ա
һ˲͵ؾöԷ⳵ƺģתһ룬ŷԼˣһʧ֮鲻ɵӿͷ
Ա벻λȻУ˵ÿˣ￪ļˡÿһǶǿɵģľֽ˰ƨ˵ġڹ˿͵̬ˬķ̬ȻҲҪϡ
Աǰһţ˵㣬֤İɣ鷳ȥһ
⻰Ժæ˵磬֤ɣ
һ׶Է˼˰ˣᵱȻܹһų˵İɣʱæһ㣬֤ûдϡ
豾˼ɣһ˵֤ûдϣȻƴˣæ׼ӳ
Ա״ǰһѣȻĶ˵ŮãҪһĸͺˡ
󣬿֪һֻǼѣֻõˣС⻰ﻹһ㡣
һıԺҲǿġһֱԶԷǸ⣬һֲһ£ȻøˡﰵһҪ֪⳵ģһỹҪģһ뵽ʱ򣬲мְڿֺȷʵܸ
򳵿ɲ·ЬӣԺֱӽǮö˾ˡ򳵲ҪϢǣʲôһѵĶһҲֱСŮȥˣһ̡߳Ȳ裬Ҳ⡣
Ҵ4SȷʵͦϵεģṩͻĲˮ䲻ҲܲˣһоʲҶĿɬ
һֻǰӰһʶ̧ͷȥֻһź͵ԱװŮ˴߹Ȼ󼱴ҴҵߵڰǸԱĸǰߴߴĲ֪ڶԷ˵һЩʲô
վߵĵԱ¶ɫ֪˵һʲô߹λ漴˵˺ü䡣Сû취ˣתͷ֪˵һʲô¶֪ı飬ȻԶԶسһ֡
һѾʶԣ費Ҳ׼ȥˡ˶ԷĶԺѸٴվ첽˹ȥ


һǧʮ 㲻
һߵ˸ǰԺ軹ûпڣǸմ߹Ů΢Ц˵ã۲¾꣬ڰ֮ǰѾ˶ˣܲ㻻лǴ4S֧֣鷳ˣ£
ȻԷǳ˼ȴǳǾɫľ鲻ˣֻѡһȻԷô˵ԭ򣬵һԿ϶֮ǰѾˣǺ˵˵ҪĻղǸŮͲǽƼˡ
һ˶Էһۣ˵Ҳ۾ǵԱֻ֪ղ˵⻰ǴˣǴꣿ
۾¾⻰ԺһղżǸƯŮûʲôΪûʲôѶȵģ벻λڵģԼһҪСӦԡ
¾꿴һһ΢Ц˵ǹԴд4S۾ղ˵ĻȻǴꡣ
У˵Ҿûʲô˵ˣȥϰҪ̸һ˵
¾걾ΪԷղǴ˻4S׼л˵ģ벻Ժ󣬶Էһ̬ȣ⻹еǵܿ档ܸоԷǺ֮Ǵŵ˵λҪʲôĻԺ˵
һһƬãǱǰŮ˸ƻˣղǻͲָˣ벻ӲţǾ͹ֲˡһŶԷŨױĨһһ˵㲻䣬ϰ
¾ղžɫˣ벻ԷȻ˵һֱӴĻ޲ҸطȥҪǻһϵĻһᷢΪǺǵѽȻ˵ֱ˲ѽ
ڿ4S棬ǽһӣ¾ҲôɣĻþ̸˵׼˺üĵԱòײŰ۲λϣô׷أ
ﲻˬ˼㣬΢Ц˵УԵȣȥϰʲôԵᣬһ䣬ϰˣҲߡ
һԷ˵⻰ʱʮ㣬ڹ棬ŭɵñԷŶԷǺһЦȻ˵վһ߿ţҽܲܰߡ
¾⻰Ժ¶һ˿Цݣһ֣µ˵ãһĿԴ˵⻰Ժ󣬱ת·ȥ
һԷĻϵϵı飬ʶһãһҲġô˵Ǯûд˭ˣ㶼κ⡣˵ģ뿴澿ʲô⣬ȻҲ˹£˲ˬ
迴һǿƵıԺߵǰС˵磬ҿ˰ɣҪѡһ߸򡣡
һ⻰ԺЦ˵裬û£ôˣ㿴ʲôʱûаյ飿
⻰ԺЦŵ˵ͷһֱһﶼһǳǿƵĴڣҲԲ£ҲͶԷĵط
ԼʮӣղʧǸ۾һ󸹱ʮҵ˹λȻ4Sˡ
һԺЦѸٴе̺ͳһ֧˹ȥȻǸ˵λϰãһ֣лԱأʵǱǸúܣ⳵
һžһ˻³һ˵ϰ壬˼ǽˣǰɣ
ղȻûаǻ˵͸˼ѾȷˡڼԷȻϵ˵˵Ļæ˵ͷ˻ǰһС˵λϰ壬ǲ˼ǲɣ鷳ˣҵѴɣҪѡһҪԺٹұ֤һɫľ飬˵۸ʲôĺұ֤㱾ͼۣ㿴
һԷ֮Ȼǿ˼ҪóǲˬŶԷ˵ϰ壬ֻһ飬⳵ǲģҪҵʲô۾ĻҪˡ
⻰Ժ˵۸Ҹղžˣ˵಻ص㣬ûкϰҲ˹𡣡
¾ղԳ۾ϰǿǸ϶پеҲסҪǸղźһϾͶ㵽һȥˣαȡأ¾ݺһһۣ֪һжⲻ۵ļһǳģﰵб²Ҫɿڣߣ
ҪĻɾкϷˣϰ˼ƺ׼ǱߵݸһˣһĻϣҪˣϣϰ岻Ҫ˵ˣɲȥסϰ죬Ļ˵Ϸˣ÷ܱܲס˵
һԷҪ⣬װǺʵϰ壬ҵе棬⾿ô£ѵ˵ǲֿ⣬ԲŲǣ
⻰Ժˣæ˵λϰ壬ǹԴΨһĴ4S꣬ڳӦҲ³Բģһġ
һղǻҲһ˵Էżؽּͣ˵ǼȻ⣬Ҿ͸ˣΪʲôͲǣ
⻰Ժ󣬹Ϊѵϰ壬֪ǿ⣬ĶҪҲĵһǸղȥֿ濴ʱӦҲˣмǿС


һǧʮ ֪֪˭
ϰ˵⣬ͻȻһͷӣ׸㶨ûѽҿɻźŮѿ⳵ȥҰأôĥߴûˣ
ڳһԺ󣬶ѸתȥֻһŻڣͷͷϵСһ͵Ů첽˹˾ͷɫ
⻰ԺæǰЦ٣Եȣںλϰһ͸㶨ˡ˵˳һָָ
¶εı飬ǰһһ˵ɫľҪˣȥѡһɣ۸ʲôģӻŻݵġ˵ӣǰɣ
˿Ķ˵֣æߵٸǰĵ˵٣Ѿλϰ˵ˣһ͵ۿۡ
Ŷ͵ۿۣô˵ٲˣʵ
⻰Ժ󣬺޲ָ̧ԼһͣǷѽˣ㿪ڡæŶԷЦ٣㣬ҾĵӣҲ׬Ǯѽ
Ȼ˵ȴôġǰλ־ǹԴֳָǿĶӣû飬ϰǸֳţòСһصǾǺӣڣֻҪ˵Ưһ㣬һʱ򣬾һۿ۲Ҳκġ
˸ӣ־Ĳѣ⣬ǰһһ˵˵ûУѾͬͼˣŮȥѡɾûˡ
һһͶԷƽϣ벻Խɪˣǰһŭ˵ļ۸Ѿ͸ղǸС̸ˣ㻨Ǯûϵһȥǩͬ
ղĻ־Ĳأ벻һȻ˵̫·ˣ۵һȵȻ˵ҿǻζˣ֪֪˭
һ󷢳һЦ̧ͷб˶Էһۣʵ㵹˵Ǻηʥ
װĵ趨ᶼӦһСܳٵıһһ¶źǣλʵڻе㺮СŮѻǻ˲ǮӲشӱģ໹ûüء
һֻ鷳4Sϰһˣ־ʹһɫ˼öԷһֺš
Ȼ̫Ըȴܲǰһ׼ڰ䱨ţȴһǰ濪ˡ
¾ǰһЦ˵ٴ־ֳĹӣҿ㻹ʶһ㣬Ͽ컻ɣõʱԲ˶ߣ
ղһ˱ڼлһسӣȻȲسͷˡôܴһһ־ָãֶΪأ
һ⻰ԺһֿЦõĸо˰죬λȻֻһССֳĶӣôųֱֻһƴˡ
⻰Ժһ̧ͷɨһ־һۣȻһֺǲ˵ǲǹֳûаϵбҪ˵
־ΪԷֵԺһʹˣ벻˼һ˵̬ɵͷ𣬳һŭȵ𾴾ƲԳԷƣ⳵ҽҪˣҪ֪ȤĻǾͱҴ绰ˣΪС£Ҫʲô鷳Ļɱֱˣ
˵ԺװģȥֻˡôĿģҲŻһһöԷ֪ѶˣĸȻϲװƣɵˣֳϰδؾֵסѽЩǻ͸ˣƨ¾ȥƣӦ
һ¶һ˿Ц漴˵ҿ԰ղŵǻΪвһֳĶӾ͸ô˵ߣʲôоʹҵţ֮ǰһȰһ鷳ʲôˣܵģҲʲô£ܰƽġ
һ⻰־ĶӶҪըˣΪԷʲôȫʹǾһֳĶӾ͸ô˵кĵƽƣûаϰַ⻹еˣǿ벻̡һͶȥԹ޵һƳ˵УţӲ
˵⻰ԺƲŮ֣һߴ绰ȥˡ
4SϰۿҪŪˣæǰһһ˵λֵܣҿ㻹һðɣǹֵĸֳûҪΪԼҲڣ԰ɣ
һǰ󸹱ϰ˵ұ׼ЭͶģ仰ϣҾͲôȥˣһһ䣬⣬˵ֵĸֳйֵĸܰأ
ǺȰԷģ벻ǰ˵ĻǿƣҲеˡλҲʡ͵ĵƣԲ־ġҲѣղŹʱԻǷǳģڳײλȻûʲô£ҲûбҪ̳ܲˣֻһ߾ˡ
˿ΪĵǴ4S۲¾ˣһӡ˼㡣ղ־Ժ󣬻е㵣ĶԷʹϢģĻȻоһݴĿУϾԷûʲôʵԵʧ˵ϰ廹ͼۣõʵˡ
ڼһһǿӲĲѣﰵװɣһԲ˶ߵʱ뵽Ժ¶һ˿ײЦݣȻǰһǸ־СŮѴ


һǧʮ ӵ绰
Ժ־˵绰˻һһֱۣߵ輸ǰ棬һƨɳϣȻ˵˵ӣôˮ˵ǲǶҽѽλ˵ҲѽȥЭͶ㣡
⻰һͷǵùˣ˵ȥЭͶλҪȥˡĶҵżڰο־СŮѵĳ¾˵ȥʲô£նࡣ
־һͰܣ漴ų¾귢𣬳¾ƵĻȻǲˡղŰĵԱվһߣԶأֻõͷתȥˮݲˡ
һԷƣ֪һǴ绰ءҲ׼绰ոĹԴоֳָ½ģ뻹ǲȵ˵
˴ԼʮԺ󣬴ſ߽һһǿ࣬ȥͦоģֻǷɫϺڣҪǴž׼ΪǸʻƻ⹤ġ
ԺеɵˣĲǸղŻŶȣպȲ־æվ첽߹ȥس˵֣ôˣ
Ҳ־ĺ߹ȥ˹سƺ֣ãݹС꣬δԶӭˡ
ǿϲװƵĶӣЦ˵ϰ壬̫ˣС鷳ˣô£ôС̨ˣǳ²ࡣ
⻰ȻǳŶ˵ģ־һﾡܺǲˬҲ˵֡ģصҼԺҳҪ̸ŮΪڣǾԲǮ򳵵ġ
óǿĻȻ˵úܿ˼ȴر¶˳æǰһ֮ǰԷһϸ˵ɲΪС±ֳϣûҪ
־ŮȻȿɫľ飬ʱǲûȷҪ򣬵ȵһѾ׼ǩͬʱǴˣʱѾˡҪΪ־ݣ4SֱӸ֪ѾˣֻѡĳͣԤʱȡ
˵Ժǿ֪ȷʵԼߣ֪ˣͲԹˣᶥˣҪʲô˵ŤͷߣҲе̫ˡǿһ£˵ϰ壬鷳λһ£ܲܰ⳵øǣҪǲеĻǸٹ
־⻰ﲻˬ˼㣬Ǹŭԡ֮ǰ绰̴һѵģ˹֪ϰô֪µģԹˡһˣĶٶ˵ʲô
ǿ˵˼˲һȴ֪Էͨ⻰֪ѶˣԶ⳵óԷ˵ҪӲǲõĻ˼ҲǰΪԼҺ̨סٹ
Է˼ԺһҲ֮֮Ȼ֪ѶˣҲҲ«ưԺһվͳֻߵһߴ绰ȥˡ
ǿһһԵؾߵһߴ绰ȥˣͶȥһѯʵĿ⣬˼ʶԷʲôͷ
Ȼоһͷ򵥣ֻ¶ѣûʲô֤ݣҲȷʵ֪Էݡʱ򣬲֪ԲϹ˵ģǻȻǳеĵװһ֪ӣǿҡҡͷ
־ǰһӵĶ˵֣һﻣסӦûʲôҪеĻͶˣĶһֱš
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬺ݺݵ˶һۣŭ˵Ϊ㣬е㶫ȫϣߣ
ڰеңղסǼëëļһǿ̴֪жӵĶӳСëӵĹϵк׼ȥէӣһ׼µġæǰһʣȻӵ飬漴Ǽһ˻ȥԼһˡԷǴͷĻ̫ȷˡ뵽ʱǿ̧ͷһվλȥ
һǳ½ĵ绰ߵԷϸһܡ
½֪һ⽫ִһ£˵г㿴Һǿͨ绰ôȻһ˼һ¶ԷҪǻ⣬ǿɾͲˡ
һЦ˵Ǿ鷳¾ˡ
½æ˵гˣѵ绰ݸǿ˵
һ󣬽ֻӶȡعͷߵ˸ǰǿ֪ʵǿɣӸ绰
ǿ⻰Ժһ漴˫ֽӹ绰һ˵һллȻߵһȥӵ绰ˡ˿Ѿоӵ绰һĳλУԷڳôֱҲͰˣֱӵ绰
һǿı֣֪ԷѾеˣһӲܶôȻ˵ĻǽҲͲճˡҪǿֳԺ̬Ȼټ򳵣̫󶯾ǾԲô׾ٵطŹԸˡһССֳָĶӾ͸ţӦǾŻ練ˡ
Դе컹ǱȽģԲģֳĶͷȴֱðֻŵ绰˵ǣǣ¾֣֪ôˣлѣٵл
绰ͷĳ½֪˵ʲôǿǣصһټֻﴫཱུæԺ󣬲ŹҶ˵绰


һǧʮ ҵԴż
ǿڴ绰ʱ򣬳һ⣬˵ע˹ȥǿԽӵ绰͹ڳ˳Ծˣڼӵ绰Ժ쳣ӣ˸һִ۾֮С
˿̣ڳ˵ﶼһͬ⣬ȥɽ¶ˮ˵ʲôͷȻֳ˳ϻ̳Ͽ֣ѵǴ˵еġ
˵ı黹ã˿ΪĵĵȻҪ־ͳ¾ˣһµǣһµİס벻Էп˵ı˶һֲĸо˵ЩţϲԻôùͱϰɣ뵽Ժ󣬶۰Ͱ͵ؿǿ
ǿ˿̷ŭ˼㣬ֻ˲ûһֱӳŶ־ȥˣߵԷǰҲڣ־һֻͣžһ־ӡ
־һˣ˺һŷӦͰ͵ؿʵ֣㡭ҸʲôѽڿɡʲôҲû˵ѽ
Ҵľⲻ۵ĶǿӹгǸϹ۵Ķ˭ҵӴģҪټȥزںأ
Ҫ˵ǿ֮ǰһƻмϷĳɷ֣ᵹǷĵġһ£ҪǼĻСӣ¿ɾ͸ˡҪǽλ̩еĳгȥ²ҪùоֵͷͷǶҪŴ֡־뵽⣬һֲĸо
˿ڳǿ˵־ȥгǸʱȫסˣǾɵҲóԷ˵˭ǰҵˣȥȻкӣ˭Ҳ޷λȨصһ֮ϵôгأδҲ̫һɣ
ǿɵվǵĶŭ˵ҹȥؼԺ㿴ôʰ㣬ǲ֪ߵغĶ
˵⻰Ժǿǰһֻ߽һЦгղŶе˲С˹Ǹһʶ
ǿ˿̵̬ȿνǹҲˣղų½԰ѵ׸ˣҪгɿڵĻԷҲһǿ˳½·ϹֵĸֳģԷҪǻһ仰顣ǰᣬĶа㵡
һͲ׼ͶԷּƽϣڼԷְѻ˵ˣȻΪѶԷˣ΢΢һЦȻ󿪿ڵֳҲҪ̫Ҳûʲô£ֻҪ˵˾ûˡ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬳һӻһĥĥģĶŭˣǰһžĳŶԷβʵʵһţȻȵԷӦٶѽгѾһʶˣȥǸҿԴżˣˡ
־ǵǲȥǸʵе㲻ףǰȥ˼ôгأϵ˴뱲Ҳһֳ⾿ġٵģĪϰֱƭˡ
ٴδԺѹˡôһˣôܱƭأ뵽Ժæ첽ߵһǰؾһȻſ˵гԲҸղԴżˣ˵һЩԲѵĻ㲻ҪһƽϣԲ𣡡
һ־ӡǲã벻ǸҲɴ࣬ûʲôˮɵð߿˶Էһۡ˵û£٣´ֻҪһ󵽾ûʲôˡ
־١޲Ҹضȥ˼ȣһȻҲƺǳ˾֮ˡӴԺ˭Ҫٽ٣ͶԷҲ־Ժջ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬳ŶŭȵһؼȥҺú÷ʡʡҪǻ֪ڸĵĻ׼ڼ˼ɣ
ӵĻԺ־Դĺߣֳӿ˵ȥԺֵԮˣһؿɲ׹ȥ
һڣ־Ȼһĳˣǿһرʾ¾һ
һԸͶԷƽϣҲͶԷһƬġԸ֮ƽϣǾǻ񣬲ԸͶԷһƬͬҲΪԭ
ǿԷִⲻϣҲûǿ֮ǰ4SϰеһߣԷгĳŻһ㣬һǮ͹ⶣԷҪһ
ڹԴпһȫжһ޶Ĵ4S꣬ȻҲеϵһ£λֳҲǶ˼ʶλ÷ˮģȻееģ²ˮ©йɺݾԺԺúýύһǿ˵֣ģ
һǿ4Sϰһֹ˶Է˼Ҳƣǳ飬ƨҲ֮С
ǿ뿪֮ʣһٺһкʾ´ٵԴеʱһҪԷһᣬһһۡһЩ滰ӦȻ࣬⡣
˳ԺǿʹŶӺδĶϱת뿪ˣߵԵʱŶԷʹһɫ״æ˵ͷʾ֪ôˡ
úÿһֵĳ¾˿йƤһ㣬ҲҸӺĿ˭֪ȴϰָΪһܺܲԸĶ˵֣æǸԱһƨƨߵعŰˡ
һ״ҡҡͷߵһȥֽˣôܺһ򳵵СŮһʶء¾󣬲һظĸое㵣λг鷳


һǧʮ 
֪ǸղűͰòˣǾһԺ󣬴4SĹЧˣ֮СʱĹ򣬳Ͱˡ
һֱһţһѾкˣϺдƵģ˵ʲôҲԸԼ뷨˵ڹԴҲĲģ̩еĳгƽƽûǸӣöԷʲô
Ժһ߳4S꣬Ϊ׵ĺüԱĹ֮飬һа㲻ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ԺһɫСѾͣڱɣɵԱˣָָСȥԼűɣɵȥϳԺ֮ǰǸĶ˵һʲôȻ˳
һپһƣ֪СѾͷͶԷֹʲôˣĵľ費ԸǧҪٽ֦ˡ
ڳ֮ǰһˣһ·ʱ濪ҸطԷȳԷʱ˵һܾҸӺ4Sϰĳ룬ҪԵģ˲ŻԼ
˿紧һֻС¹һ㣬ͨͨؿţղ׼ϳ뿪ʱǸԱͻȻĶ˵ãΪ˰ѳд£Ӳ˵ûд֤Ҹղſİ֤أ
⻰Ժһ򳵵⡣ɵˣһֱڣԷ˵⳵õģȴûἰö֡һֱƶԷΪ磬һ⳵Ǿģ뵽ԺϺͨͨģּӿ˲١
ʶڿʱǿԼǹԴг·ģҪǳʲô飬ǿɾͲˡ³ıտҪҹʮЧأҪǳʲôĻǿȫҪԼ⸶뵽Ժר־ؿˡ
еοǣһǰʻ˴Լʮӣͽ·ˡҲڶԷһ򣬽·ߵǼҾƵſʻȥһ¿ķ꣬ģǺܴ󣬵װ޻ǱȽϿģһ֮ѡԷҲΪ˷һ㡣
4S굢һʱ䣬Ѿٽ磬Է⻹ǱȽϺġһҪһ䣬˺ǿĵ˽ȥ
Ժģһ֪ʲô飬ֲóѯʣֻͷȲ衣һԺҲһ飬ǿ˵裬ǳȿŰɣȵ̩ԺФϸơ
ɵҲ֪ղŵĲ²ȷģԷ⳵͸ġһ˲䣬һֱϲóͷԵĸоһõһֵƵΪؼһ㣬İ͵ġ
ֻϻģ˺һԺ󣬲ſ˵磬ڴţ쿪һ°࣬˻᲻˵ʲôл
ǺǣһЦ˵͸õ˭˵ʲô˵쳤ڱϣܲڲ˼ҿڰɣҪʵڲеĻ˭ںͷģ߸磬û迪
⻰ԺһЦ֪һʵڶأ̧ͷһ˺һᣬſ˵磬лл㣬ҽĺÿģⶼҵģлл
һ⻰Ժ󣬴󺹲ѣԷΪ˸˹оԺҲһҵطϵҵҴûκҪֻôһ飬Է˿ģ亹ա
ܾеԲסԷԸ⳵ˣǺܸ˵ģ극Ժ˱㿪ĵ̩ȥˡ
ڶһ磬һͽӵ˻ٵĵ绰˵һͳˣѾϵʡļطҪҲܻ
һ󣬲ûж˵ʲôֻһʾ֪ˡ
һУȴǻˡֳܳɸϵٵʱ򣬶Է˵ʡǰأҲû˵ʲô飬ֻԼһϵһ絽칫Ժĵһ飬ǸԷ绰
յʱͨԪԿѾ֪ʱ䣬ʡＫп̩ξ㽨顣ˣԴϴκͻٽԺеĽ蹤̶Ѿͣˡ
£һеζƵͷϵģҪĻҪԲ˶ߡһ㣬õģ糿һ칫ңæźͻϵ
Ų˼Σٰ칫ҵĵ绰˽ֻʾͨСܳɸˣٴһΣҪǻͨĻ㵽ξȥˡô˵¶ϣܳɸ֣ҪôȥĻпҼпҪееĺ
绰ڽͨˣܳɸʻʲôʱ̸һ̸ҪǶԷʵæûξȥҲû⡣
⻰Ժ̿ס֮Уֳܳɸһ۸ڶʱ˵ģҪǻĻֱ붼顣ԷԽżԽǵֻЦ˵ֳܾ²Ҫȥһʱ䣬ȻԺ˵ɣҪûʲôĻҾȹˡ
ܳɸԺֻͷ˵һ£ԷȻ׼ȥһʱ䣬⡭⡭ܳɸֱе㲻ˡæŵ绰˵ƾ֣һȣ֪ܷȰ´һ£ȻٳȥʲôȲˣѾȥý·ˣ㿴⡭
ܳɸ˵ʲôźǣûиᣬ˵һؼԺ͹Ҷ˵绰
Ͳ洫æżܳɸɵˡ֮ǰһ˵ǣ׼ô춼Ҫ¸ˣҪǶԷĿĻ׼ֱӰѻٴԪȥ


һǧʮһ 
ξֳţ棬ܲгģ˵ҪǻͬĻҲûʲô£ԪȻ뷽跨ظ㶨µġ
ɷϣܳɸ̴ȷʵźǣٸûиʩչĻᣬֱӱֻܶͽˡ
ܳɸϰϴ˺һᣬ͵ôҪ飬Ӧüʱ쵼㱨ٿ֤£һæźͶԷϵ֮ԳûɵΪٲӣɲҵġ
Ժ󣬲ܳɸһԾץϵĳԿ칫ȥղŴӼʱΪ˷ֹҪȥξһ٣˾ѳԿ׷ġΪܾĸ㶨飬ܳɸ׼治˵ǲ֣źǼУҲް취
ܳɸг칫ҵʱԪյƷÿ糿칫Ⱥһ裬һȻͶ뵽ȥԪɵϰߣԼ˵糿Ҫǲһ꣬һ춼ûþ̸Чʲôˡ
ŲձмƷѿչԪˬλϰûдţһ޲ҶȷʵܲȵҪһΣϸƷһƷ
ԪڰƷʱ⴫ٵԪɫһǲˬ˴Կ֪ϰߵģһ㲻ѡʱ⣬ŵķҲǶԷķ
Ԫﰵĸ۵ļһȻʱûʶǲˬôҲװƣǺǲˬسȵ
ŵĵȻǲܳɸΪԪұۣȻ֪ԷϰߣѾ˲ôࡣٸߣĶѸһ㣬ҪԪԷ绰ĻҲת
洫ǲˬġԺ󣬲ܳɸСƿţȥԺ󣬿첽ߵԷǰ˵г˼ʱ㣬ʵΪиͻ״ò㱨
ԪǲܳɸҶԷһžæǸ˵ͻ״ȻҲͲƽˣѲ豭صһţ˵˵˵ɣʲô飬Ҳһ֮Ժһ㡣
ܳɸ룬ҵҲһ㣬飬˭޷ġ룬ϿһҲûб¶ЦؿŶԷ˵˵ǣǣл쵼ָ㣬Ժһעġ
ԪԷѾʶ˴ȻҲûʲô˵ģǳŶԷЦ˵ˣ˵˵ô¡
ܳɸ⻰ԺظĸоæԪ˵гô£뿪ԺҾξֵĻƾֳȡϵʱԷ˵ʡ£Ҳû˵ʲôԼý̸¡һ絽칫ԺҾ绰˭֪ȴ˵ûʲôʱ䣬Ҫȥһʱ䣬㿴¸ô죿
ڻ㱨ʱһʱȷظԪԷ˼ȥһ죬Ǻܳһʱ䡣
Ԫղ֮ûкͲܳɸһΪԷ̬ȣһ棬ʶʲô鷢ˣԷһֵġ֮һ֮԰ѲֽƹܣΪܳɸΪʵڡأûѡʱġ
Էһ˵飬Ԫ벻һССξ־ȻӶĲӣѵַ첻ɣ뵽ԺԪɫһϵĵ绰˻ٵֻ룬ֱӲ˹ȥ
ԺԪѻͲ˶ߣķŭ֮һһŮʵ̫ɶˣһ绰ͨԺ׼öԷÿǵ͵ĿˣΪվǱȥˣҾͲܰˣߣ棡
Ԫ׼һ˵ǸûϣΪ绰ͨԺ漴һŮĺѹػԺٲ
ԺԪʱŭİѻͲݺݵ˵绰ϣŭ˼㡣ʵ̫û֯ˣϰʱȻֻرգ̫ˡ
ܳɸԪıԺﰵԼʲôҪ˵κζԷͷϣǧҪǻ
Ԫ˿ȷʵŭ쳣Ϊ£Ըٴ绰ѾԷˣ벻ԷȻֱӹػˣֱǲһ֮ǿɺ޵úܡ
ԪȫǴԼĽǶȳ뵱Ȼˡһ£ٹزػгʲôϵ˼ֲ֪гҪ绰ȥһ˵أҪţǼ⣬˭Ҳûа취˵г˺ͨϰղް
Ԫһ۹ؾվǰĲܳɸȻǲˬԷûκ춯𻹲ܳôأԪǰͻȻһ漴Ͳزһ롣
ȵ绰ͨԺʵκгξֵĻô£׼ģ㲻֪ʱ﹤Ƚ϶࣬ҡ˵ԺԪͻȻͣס˻ͷһᣬŽ˵ʲô˼˵ξгͬģŶУг
κҶϵ绰Ժæóֻٵر༭һŸһ˹ȥг˸ո绰Էһ򵥵Ļ㱨
Խλ˾ˣʮ֮ǰԷոմһ绰ʵξֵ飬ֱơκʱе棬Էûϸ˵˼ȻҲͲ׷ʡڽӵԪĵ绰Ժ֪ô£ǣ쵼ԷȻ˵
ԪȻǲˬȴûȥһλɲκȥģϸ˼һȨһ󣬲ȷȥ


һǧʮ ֹ
ܳɸһ߼ﰵңҿ֮ǰûкͻٶƽϣĻпܵϵв֪Ԫ˼ǶԲߣٴƺҲûбҪˣ˵һ䣬гæҾȻȥˣʲô绰ʱ
Ԫ˿Ķ˵ǿһ˼ܳɸ״תȥſԺİԷţѸȥ
һ֮ǰʹˣͻ˵ǰ㣬ʡĲһǮС̬֮ǿӲһΪξ㿪ȷʵҪʽһ棬ҲᣬȡĻȨ
һǳ¾ԪںĹ߶Էҿɲӣ޹صҲעֻҪҸ飬˭ҲҪ֡
Ԫ˺һԺ󣬾һؽһҪղǸ绰ûдﵽκǶٻһźǣղһ嶯ֱӴһ绰ȥҪǲһһµĻǼпܻᴫгֵϢǿɲϣĽ
ԪҲˣʵڲеĻһòһǧԷ˰ʹﵽ֮ˣܵ˭Ƕ˵ùȥˡϼپ͸ٵĻǻҪطϵ쵼ְֺأ
һĻէһԪԣƺʧͦģʵô¡֮ǰ˵ֻͬⲦξ򣬵ǮǾԲܰѷɽġ
֮ǰòֵ˺һ£ɽһڿĻʽڰ˰ٵһǧ֮䡣һӸԷ˰򣬿ȥ֮ǰ࣬ʵֻѲʱǰһ㣬ԣûʲôʵ塣
Ϊעʣµİʿǲ׼óˡۿϾҪˣҪǮĵطȥˣʽ䲻࣬ҲԽһʱ֮⣬֮һҪʽ϶˼һǳҪԭǾҪ˶֪һ֣Ļ⣬κ˵Ķʹ
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һӵԪĵ绰Ժ󣬵ûе飬Ԫİ칫ҡȻԷΪ£˵һ£ƺûҪҪͺͶԷѵˮĸһ£⻹治ԸԽӵ绰Ժ󣬷е飬͹ˡ
ԪԷô͹ˣﻹͦˣҲ˵ף˵Ҳûеôӣôѡ
ԿΪһݺò˳ȥԺԪһЦ˵һѽʱôѵڰ칫ҿ㣬æѣǺǣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬹ؾصػشǡг쵼£ҽ߾ȫɺñְȡɳɼ
Ԫ󣬺ǺһЦҲͲٶ˵ʲôˡ˵Է֮ǿȴ־ǧ֮ĸооԪúǲˬ˵ʲô˼Ҳû˵ʲôҶгǷǳ𾴵ģ㻹ʲôأ㿪ڵĻ˵ʲôأ
˳ĬһᣬԪȥһ飬ץ輸ϵ̣һ֧ȥһӹԺ󣬳ŶԷеĴ˼׼ǰȥΪԷ
Ԫ״æʾԼУͬʱžһ´ŻԺԹԵصˡҪǻһ˵ĻԪԲ˿ǳ˼ҵǸֻӣҪǵĻǿɾе̫ɰˡ
˵Ϊгֻһϡƽ飬źУ̩
ԪΪԼͬʱһҲžһ˻Ȼһڣ㿪ʼ
ԺԪᵯ̻ңȻһ˵һѽ˵ξֵĻٴż˳ȥˣǲѽ
ŶǵģгһشѾ쵼ɲǼǱϵǼǹˣôʲô
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һ⻰ԺǸ£ڷһңд˼Ժ󣬿˵гΪ˷ֹ飬Բôġ
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һǧʮ Ų
һԷ⻰ԺûڣͷԪʶղŵĿеˣҪڴкʲôģȻǲܵģҲһһһس
˴ԼԺһ̻ҸӡͨݵĳĬԺ󣬶ԷѾʶĲˣЧˡĿǰ˵һĻȨϾûܺͶԷͥĳ̶ȣöԷᵽһǸ˼Ͳˡ
һһ˵гǵˣǮܵλĻ̡ʩǸ㲻ÿɾȺ¼ѽΪ˷δȻҲʱͣģôף
ԪղֵĳĬԺѾоĲףڼԷ׳һеԶԵĸоͷطµľȺ¼ˣ˭Ҳ˵ղһ˵ǻԡҪһеĻʱһԷУǿ鷳ˣٵӡпܵġ
ݵĳĬԺԪ˵һгǸհԶѽˣǲ˵ˡ֮ǰܳɸˣҲŸո֪£ҺݺȷʵǷǡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ûǶԷǳϷ豭һ裬һϴ̬
ԪԷĻ磬ǲˬҲû˼ٺͶԷĥߴȥˡ豭һڣһ²飬Ȼ󿪿˵һгҲ֪ӽˣǮĵطȽ϶࣬ĿһҲòôʽ㿴ǲξøߡ˰ȥģ˵ӦòԹ̽ȲʲôӰ˰ɣ
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һԪһһгȥʡʱ쵼ǽרʽ𣬲Ųá˵⻰Ժ㲻ٳˣµһ֧̣ȻԵõس
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ԺԪɫһ˵Уɣ⻹е飬ղ˵£ʱ˵ɣ
Угæȹȥˡһ˵⻰Ժ󣬲վȽĲ뿪г칫ҡ
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һص칫Ժ󣬰ѸղŷϸۣûԪ֮֮ǰѾìˣָ֮˶Էһ£Ƶ棬öԷһưͿ
ȻĻ˸ɣ䲻ܺԷһֵĵλԷҲþܰôͨԺ󣬶ԶԷȨһһһҲԪͷҲ˵½ʡ̩еĿܸȤпܻһרĵС
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֮ǰξһ˾˲סѲеõ۵ĲţȻŴαҪվӵԸûиԷᡣ˼Ը죬ܵʾɣԪΪ֪øʲôôԲŲϽԷϾǰг˴εĹŮ㲻ҲͰˣҪͬվӣȴһôе˵ȥ
Ԫоһ˿ڣ֪Ͱѻ£ˣ˿Ҳ˱ܴһõģʵʩǻٳġһ£Էˣһǿտ˵׻ʲôأ
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ԪȻ⣬ȴ׼ȥ֮šĻԵ̫ˣһûУպһìܣȥίҪ˼ҵˡһ֮ҲǸ߼ɲôرأҲ̫ˡ


һǧʮ ̫߳
ԺӣԪ֮ŵİ칫ȥȻͬһ¥ϣȴ֡ҪĻͷβҪ칫ҵʲô
ԪһҲ֮Ż᲻ڰ칫ң֮ǰѾ̽ϰԺǴ˾û뿪칫ҡ
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֮ǰһΣһϷûעһίǵİ칫ҡΪ£ϰݺһ٣˵´εĻһҪ
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˵˳˸гһְԷ޳ı֣˺Ҳ㱨ϴεһ֮Ȼǿġ
ԺԪڸˣٴȥһȻ֮ŵͷգѹ޷˵Էˡһ£Ҫǰ㣬˻Ժ󣬲ܲˡֻξֵͨһԱ˴֣ǿе·ġ
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յĽǲ֮ԪûᣬһȻҲȥôʱˡ
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ǻصƵԺ󣬻پ͵Ԫĵ绰Էʲôʱͬʱ˵Ժȥһİ칫ҡ˵ǲãڵ绰棬Ҳøоõ
һֱԲİ˵ʥܵûٵΣҪȻȻԼˣҲûбҪŪˡ
ɨ˻һԺ˵гʱȥе㲻һĿӦû䣬ǵ̬һҪóϴľͳϣҪĻҿֲסǡ


һǧʮ г˵
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⻰ظһǸһԷ˼ˣһᰴָʾȥġ
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ʥ⻰ԺһӻûзӦùһ˼ȴѾſˣг˼ˣһҾͺһȥ
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⻰Ժæʥ˵֣ɱκгģ˶Ҫгκгѧϰнѽ
һ⻰ԺûٿЦƾֳҰĲСѽгǶҪˣ˵ǰɣ
κ⻰Ժ⣬æ˵ǵģңҪġ
⻰Ժæ˵λ쵼ҰɣɣԷһѸղŵǾ仰ջأλ쵼̧֣СŮһ˵⻰ԺϵľƱһ
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⻰룬ҵȻ֪ἰģĹؼǣԺҸô˵һ£ʵ쵼ǵҺָôشأѵ
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һԺЦ˵ƾֳȥһ˿ջСѽÿ˵һ仰Ҫ߰˸䡣̫תˣҿɸ㲻ѽ
⻰Ժһ죬֪
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ڳ⻰ԺһǶ֪һ˷ǳչˣȴ벻֧ȾȻ֮󡣾ݵĳĬԺ󣬻ٸм˵ллгһãģ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ص˵ͷ
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κ״дæǰȺһıһ£˼ǳڽ˵ľ֮ǰȾһ˵ķΧ棬ұȽ⣬עģһҲ٣ô쵼Ȩ
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ѩޱһĳڴҵǱʶѾɵȻ飬û˭жûס
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Ŷôô϶ѩޱʵ
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һŶһʾԷ˵ȥ
ѩޱ˵ǰ쿴úһɫСرƯԼİɣ
£һ벻ѩޱȻѻ⳶ϣ룬漷ǰɣ


һǧʮ Ѱͻƿ
ڶʮңһӵ˻ٵĵ绰˵ǱʿѾȫλˡ㱨صԺһ˵һ㣬ʥȥʱ򣬱ͷ̧Ǯȴһû١ڵ绰ͷĵ˵ֻҪҵǮ춼û⡣
һڵ绰ﶣԷǮȻλˣ̽һҪץĿһҪǧҪҳʲô
⻰Ժæ˵׼ȥһ÷ɽ̩ȫ渴һҲ˹Լʩ֤ڲӰǰ£֮ǰĹ
һ⻰ԺﻹǺܿĵģöԷȥҲȥط˽һ¾
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иԪоƵ飬Ժʡ칫ȷеϢʡǰӲˣԭȵİŲԺ
ϢԺԪһҪĸоҪĻҲ㴫ϢѽĻǴҲһͷѽ겻
һԪ֪Ϣԣʡ̩ʲôʱ̩ν顣ԴǱʿӵλԺеľĿϣҲȡһĳЧ
ڣ̩ͷɽĹڰͰؽš¬ؽɫӪѾ߹ģֻӰ죬ʱⲻ̫ãʱʲôЧȵ꿪ԺһΪĹ۵ġ
ֱΪֹһܿ϶ʡɽ̩ĿǲǳġȻ˵ĻֻаѹôʵöԷ޻˵ɽ׼ͷҲйͷУһĿǾöԷͷ
ԺĸæµĻһҲʲô֮ǰںеʱôģ˵ﻹкܴģڼȻв࣬黹ǲġ˵Ҳȥľ飬ȻæҲæҡ
±Ƚϵ̩ͣͷɽĿѾͣˣֻȪȼٴ廹ڼʩǱҪǽºģԵҲҪһʲôġκͻٶᾭȥһʲôĻԼʱһ㱨ҲܹȫĵӦ﹤һҪԭ
³һ磬ԪʹŸгʩΪͲ̹ȥʡμӻˣȻһͬģӦԺȴҪֵ𣬱ͬĻ᳡ˣĻ࣬ʡҲ⡣
°ǰԪʹк糿һ˰칫ҡԪڼңϴˣԵø㾫Ҳõʵٽڵʱ򣬸Ŷæòɿ׻˵úãæо׳һʮֵľСӦԣֹ⡣
ŵʱФ˵绰˵ʱ׼µ㹦򣬽һʽŲ飬ȡѰܹ־ŮļһҳۿˣЩһ̩˵ĻѾȥôʱˣҲûʲôпܻꡣФ˶ԣһѵõĺûᡣ
һ֪֮ǰѾҹ־͹÷ŮܰˣСϸһȻʡģ⻭רһ˰˵ΣϵǸһ㹦
ߵòСǵѾǺˣֻжϵǸӡ̣ФͿ׿̶ΪһͻƿڡͷȻ٣ôȴ࣬ĻѶӦò̫
ΪФרźһ֮ͨǰһֱ͵Ϯһһ϶ԽҲ˻ĸˣڳһǵıӰ⣬ҲҲһĿˡ˵ǳΣ߰ݶ㲻Ҫãã˺ҵ˼ǲܵ飬ɱȴѶȻҪ
Ф練ֱ֮Ӵӹ־Ůİܰ֡СϾǰһһʱ䣬ṩ࣬ҲڿչФڹѾһĻȨҲһˣֻҪСһ㣬ĵظ飬ʲô顣
һФϸԺ󣬷ӦеͨģһĻǶٻһĿܱ꣬һĨҪǿöࡣ
ФĻ㱨ԺһһԺ˵һҪһ㣬һ飬ý֦ԪǶһҪģöԷоĻܻ鷳
һеԪָ̩йֳԪǰʱ˵ĽһΪԪ̫סյȻ˵ԷʲôϵеĶǱȽϷò˶ɣһŻФرע
ڹ־Ժ󣬹÷ܰһ£ȴû⵱һ飬㰲˹һ£Ͳ֮ˣ˵ˣûǵСĻǰԲŶȲߡ
һ£һСŮھǼԺ󣬸漴ܱ侲˵һδСǳҲѽ̫ˣûоѵһ㶼ܲסġ
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һǧʮ ȥ
һչҶФĵ绰ϵĻ漴ֶ塢绰˵ιһ
ͨһ㶼ǻ㱨ģһûκ⣬һĻҪһ㡣ʡ쵼ĵ绰ҪĿɾеˡܾ쵼϶Ҫ绰ԭҲΪ˸õظɺøɡ
һոԱţ绰ﴫһǳٵŮгãκˣ
ԴȷرʾվԺκһ̬Ƿǳ𾴣˽³ֱӳƺԷΪг˵ƺģⶰ¥ֻһܵƺǾԪ˽ʱ˭ֻôأ£һǳȷغκ˵һΣԷȴû˿ı˼Ҳֻ֮֮ˡ
κһӡһֱһǳȵŮԣ벻һھеջǵĸоһ֪һǳˡͣԺ󣬶ŵ绰˵κгô£˵
һȻҲżһ̩ɽ̬Ųҡһ£ϴĶûˣʧǵģ˸ôأˣ
˵ǻͬʱһʶ뵽ȪȼٴǱ߳ˣΪ̩ͷɽĹ̶ѾͣˣܳʲôӵģʣµֻΨһĿˡ
뵽ԺַֹȪȼٴǱ߳ˣƣǻ٣ֱӴ绰ͨκתѽѵǳ˼ɣԲš뵽Ժһˣעȫе˶ߵĵ绰Ͳ档
κһĻﰵԼһҪյĽвȻпܺأû̫ϵûбҪôʧ롣κ˶񣬿˵гġ
κ˵ոսӵҽı棬˵һСʱ֮ǰʼҽԺѾ½½ˣǵ֢״ʳж֢״Ϊ΢ûʲô⣬ڹ۲쵱Уȣδ
һ⻰Ժһ˿ֵģǾǳﱸʱʱʳƷȫĻɴҵĿֻšѸ١ʱĻпܴӦ
һ˼ʵ⼸ʳжĲ֮䣬ûʲôϵǲݻ֮Ĺϵ
һ뵽ЩһĳطʲôȻ˼ʳжһĻƻ΢ֹһ㣬ٿԱ֤ټƵ飬Ҳڿƺʹ
˭֪κش˵ҽѾ˽ˣЩж֮ûκιϵʶĿǰûⷽķ֡
һԺһ䣬ԶҪӵöࡣȻ˵ĻҲκ˵ˣöԷϵֳȥ͵
κ󣬻شѾڸҽ;ˡ
һ˵ͷ˲ϺͶԷ˵ټ͹Ҷ˵绰֮öԷȹȥΪȥ֮ǰҪȴ绰
Ĺٳһ涨ͻش¼𼶻㱨ʱûиľϼŻ㱨Իһ֮ǰһ֮źԪ㱨
¶̩жԣһش¼ˣ˵Ŀǰ߸˳ж֢״ҽԺû֢ͬ״Ĳˣж߻᲻࣬ⶼ˵飬Ա뼰ʱλٻ㱨
֮һĻ㱨ԺָʾȫȨ£ʲôµĽչʱ㱨˵ԪǱߣͨһ˼ȫĴ档
֮ûκοԪЦ˼˵෽ĴǰǶӴֵġҪʲô飬ԪȻѴ̣Ϊһֵ֮ȻҲкùӳԣʱ˾һ룬һʹġ
һҶϵ绰Ժ󣬱к£֪ͨ׼ҽ
ϳԺһֹܰȫάȹĸг롣ڲ绰ʱﲻʮ˵飬ӦǶԷ㱨ھȻ÷ˣȻоˬ
ӵĵ绰Ժ󣬶Է˵Ѿҽſˣ׼Ժ쵼㱨ģ벻
ĻԺһĲ֮ɫһЩԷȻûмʹ㱨ѾڻشˡһĻҲͲö˵ʲôˡڵ绰߶ԷҲڸҽ·ϣһԺ˵
Ѿͨ£֪Ĺţһ·ϳٷǳ죬ͨźŵƵʱҲûֱͣӿ˹ȥ֪˵һ㣬죬ֻذˡ
ҽſڵʱһκͺ飬˶֪ҪȺҲһв⣬ڵ֮ȻǴ飬쵼Ҳܲܲˣ˶ѡ취
һ˵ȥң
æǰһСܵظһ·ȫں첽ǰȥ˭һ˿һи
һڴǰ֮ʣ´ֻͻȻóһʶԪĺ룬æ˽ȴûκγٻȻǰ
Ԫ֪һڻûеֳҲûжʣֻǽ㣬һһȫȨ𣻵ڶ˽Ժ㱨
һӦһԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
绰ԺһûаֻŽ´棬ֱӵݸ¡϶Ӷе绰°ŰѸأӦȥˣֻҪģһŻԽ


һǧʮ 
һǰԺ󣬿κͺһӭ˹ȥȻˣȵĻûΣաһüͷɵʳжɲͬôʱ仹ûΣգǿɾ˵ˡʶԺһơ
κһԺ󣬱㿪ѯվֳҽԺֻǻ˻֡
ȻںķֹܷΧκһãɲʲô£ûҪġϵֳĿҪڶҽԺȫһ飬˵ôģָδͲĵˡ
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һɵóһڵĽͼǸΪΣصĲϣҲܱȹûʲôˣȲĻǿܻе鷳ˡ
ˣһѾ൱ˣ֮ǰԤƵҪöˣֻҪûмӦò̫
ߵԺһκ˵гҺͺгֵĳֳ̾һȥҽԺһܣһûƵĲеĻʱ㱨
κ⻰Ժæ˵ͷȻعͷкһֳ̹˱㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
һ֮κ뿪һ棬ҽԺȷʵҪԱȫһ棬ҲаѶԷժ˼Ͳʲô£ټҲȷʵκҲûκιϵûҪöԷС
κ뿪ԺһѺҽĺԺеһߡ˵̸ʱ˶ʶذ۾ĵطʾڴĮģֻһ̬ѣʵһͲѶˡô飬ȻһģǶԴ˵Ȼǳ档
ߵһԺһźʵг⾿ô£˵Щж֮䲢ûʲôϵôᷢģ
һ˿ΪĵľôᷢģҪžݣҪеԭ򣬲ܲȡӦĴʩӸϼԽһһȻǲеġ
׼ڣһͻȻһֳƺûйô飬ڻûмʳƷҩƷලֵˣе˵ȥ²ôѲ˸ϵ쵼һһȻûпǾ˵Ӱӣѹһˡ
һںǰʵʳҩֵ˹ôûп
⻰ԺҲ¶˲õɫ˵Ҳأôڻûмʥٹˣ˵Ӧ֪ͨǲŶԣҽӵֳ̾ĵ绰Ժ󣬾ϹˣʼʱҲ֣æǻ㱨¸ˡ
飬鱾ͺܲãʳҩֵľֳʥٹȻдæ쵼ˣȻ¶棬е̫˵ȥˡﱾͶǲһȻˣȻԷڡ
һ⻰Ժɫվһߵ˵ʳҩֵʥٹ绰˵Һͺгҽأ
һ˵⻰ʱ쳣վԶҽļλԺ쳣ﰵҲѹгŭʥٹҲе̫ˣô飬ΪְܲŵľֳȻ쵼λˣ¶棬ɾе̫˵ȥˡ
ᣬһȷʵǶŭˣһֱһߣ˭ߣ
ǰԪҪ˿ʡĲһӡܶԷһ֮ҺҲ˷ǳò£һҲ˿ûԷӣֱƵѿȫξΪֹ
һԪˣʥٹֻһССʳҩֵľֳûôѶԷȻҪǹײһȻҪԸ⣬˵ײԺʲôǾͲƿصˡ
һߵһȥ绰ˣ㿪˵г֮ǰҺκгѾ˵ļ˽ˣЩж˶һͬ㣬Ǿ糿ࡣǳԺ󣬾θ̫Լ˶е㻳ɣûȥˣֻһ˼ҳ˷ͬʱжѾΣˣɷ˿ȡ
⻰Ժһ³ˣгϰףʡΪʢУÿÿ춼ҪԡȻִ˳ѾûйŴôˣǷŵ㻨ס桢Ŵ֮ľͲˣ÷Ҫ㵽ôһ˼Ҳˡ
һһסҲû࣬Ҳ⡣糿ڰ̳ʱ򻹾֣𱬵İʳȴٵúܡԭô£ʱûһ
һԺüͷɵһǳˣҪȻĻôᵥ˳жء
뵽Ժһ㿪ʵûи⼸˼ҵʳĶǴĶģǹؼһҪ
гҲע⵽ˣѾ˹ȥͳˡϢͳƵȫһ㣬ԿܻҪһʱ䡣㱨
һ󣬵˵ͷȷʵҪ׼ˣΪⲻĺǳҪҲڿ̬ĽһչֻҪʳĵĹأǾͿԲȡʩˣʱţȥжԵʳģֹ̬һ


һǧʮ Ҫ
Ļ㱨±绰߹ˡһ̧ۿ˶Է˼˵ô¸׼ڣͻȻڴܽһעȫ˹ȥ
ߵǰԺһһʶˣʳҩֵĳ񸱾ֳ±һ·ϣȻǿ첽ܹģϵúܼԶĵطһĴˡ
±ߵһͺǰվһƣ˵ггҸղھ֯飬֪飬Ϲˣ벻ˣλ쵼
ܶԷ̬ȷǳ뻹ǲ׼ʹ˷Źǳų±˵Ǿô£ַӦٶҲ̫һɣô鲻ȴڼ￪ᣬʲôôҪ
±ҪٳĻǾǵͷشʱһҪμǳĬǽ
һӳ±ղŵĻһ˿ζֻ˵ղֻ飬ȻһõϢ͸Ϲˡ⻰Ҫһֳ˵ĻһҲûУڵʳҩֵһֻ֣ǳ񸱡
˵鶼ֲȥȴƫƫȥˣһͰѼʱ쵼˻㱨ǻлѽ
һˣһ˵¾ֳôûмʥ֣ǲھæѲ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺Ȼͨƺ˶󣬳±ɲһ֣ҪĻҲʥٹŶԡ뵽ʥٹʱ򣬺ﰵһҪǸղŹǶԷ治ŶԷ
˵ֹгϽµľֳǺϡƽ飬ô뷨أһԭǾʳҩֵľֳʥٹ̨ǳӲʵ˼ԪгСӣٰ֡һ£һ˴ĸгҳզ
һʻԺ󣬳±ֿ˻һֳȥնԷ˫лĳ嶯֪ߣгҲղ˵ĿģΪĻһʣ⻰ֲ˵ֻܼϣλ쵼ˣãȻгӦզģгǺܸӵģҪĴ𰸡
±һͺһۣȻ󿪿˵ггʥֳǰȥʡ￪ᣬ컹ûлв㾺Ƹ᱾ֵģһһ绰ң˵ܻʱ֣ԡ
±ǳ˵Ժ󣬱㲻˵ˣǳλгɵӣ˵ˣȻе˼
һֱ±ʥٹ֮䲢ûʲôìܣĳ̶ֳ˵ʥٹԳ±ǱȽεģԲŻὫвӾƸĵؽ֡±֮Ժʥٹ⣬ȫԱĿģСˣܵ˳еΣɲϣΪǸù
ʥٹԪţȻõģûôǿӲĿɽΨһǰԼƲ壬ʲôҲûаϵһ򲽽¾Ҫ׷ΣҲȷʵӦ׷ͷڴϵ¶ǿһָƣкôʱһִڻʱҶֳףϿûĵѽ
±ĻԺһͺﶼһ⡣ʥٹȥʡ￪ᣬʱǹ̶ģҪ֪Ǿв㾺Ƹʱгͻһŵġûиıʱ䣬ûдӦ˵ˡ
ʶԺ̧ͷһĹؼλ쵼ˣҪҪ׷ʳҩֳʥٹΣͻ˳ų±ĻȥһǳõԷѾѻݵˣֻҪ˳һʾˡȻû뷨һѡӸղǾ仰ġ
һ˳±һۣû̬ǰͷת¡֮ǰöԷ绰ʥٹϵģ֪Էλظġ
¸ղž׼㱨ˣ±ˣҲûżڡڼϰˣæǰһ˵гʥֳ˵ʡμȫʡҩϵͳ飬˵׼ء
һ⻰Ժ׹ôˣ˵ʡʳҩ칫Ҵ绰ѯһˡ
һ⻰Ժ˵ͷһ𣬿г׼ʥٹ⿪ˣԸ顣
󣬵˵ͷ绰ߵһȥˡϰνѯһ¿ˣָľǺ˶һ¿ʱ䡣
ȻֻһСС飬ӸղʥٹĻشУҲóһ㶼ûкһĻ㱨ڽӵ绰ʱ򣬶ԷǳңشʱҲ˸ʡô˵棬Ȼܰ˵ĻɾԵ̫ûгǸˡ
ȥ绰ͬʱһһߵĲȥˡ֮ǰŵļԱǻ䣬жǰǵļ˳ЩЩӦҲˡ
һƿź˴һȦк˵һЩοԵĻȻת˳˿̣иΪҪҪȻʱ䣬һ£ʾһ¹ҲͲˡ
һͺߵſڣղһֵĴԼʮŮͬ־˹һûмµӦǸղź밲ŹȥѯʵĸˡӦϢˣԲŻϹ㱨
󣬶һ˵гλֵİ칫Ҹ죬Ҿίȥġôûиԭ򣿡
仰ȻԳ˵ģΪ˼øһ㣬ŶԷ˵ͷ


һǧʮ 
һ⻰ԺҲǹעעеǰŮϡԷĿ룬ֹĸо˼ɡһ˵Σղ˽⵽ʲôֱ˵ֻҪʵʵ˵Ͳκ¡
⻰һڰο죬γҲм־ĳɷ֡˽⵽ʲôͻ㱨ʲôǾû飬ſڿӻǺڰ׵ߵĻǿɾȫΡһ˿̻ʵһ¶ԷǺбҪġ
⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣ͷһЩ޹ص뷨Ȼ󹧾˵ггҸղźǾԼҽļԱһϸѯ˲˵ļһ·ӦЩж˶Ϊ糿Ժ󣬲ųŻ¡кͼĭġ
Ժһͺ붼˵ͷ֮ǰ˽⵽Ĳ࣬Ȼ档
һ׼ѯʶԷϸڣվһߵϵֻȻ󿪿˵гκгĵ绰
¸ղžѾ绰ˣһͺĻ㱨Ҳûйȥӵκĵ绰òкһˡ
µĻԺһ˰֣ʾȻ˵ֽӹֻ˵ιѽһǱʲô
֪κ˵һʲôһֻ˵Ǳߵͽͳֳ̾ˣٳʲôĻʱϵãɣ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһԺ˵г͹ֳѾҽԺ˽⣬ڳж⣬ҽԺԺԺҽԺ˵㲻ҽԺһڹ۲⣬ӦöûΣգڽҺƣ
⻰ԺĿڣ˵ãã
һ˿뷨ͺͬģĵǳжĻʿɾͷ仯ڵڿɿطΧ֮ڣֻҪҽȹûʲôˡ
ʶԺһ԰˵˵⼸˼ʳǲǶͬһطģ
ⲻһ뵽ˣڳҲ뵽ˣȻ̩о˼Ҷ࣬ж֢״ģĿǰ֪ҲͲʮѡЩ˼֮ԳһԭϳͬĵطԲֻгɺϵġ
һԺû˸ղŵԥ֮ɫڵгϸѯ⼸˼Ҷ˵ǽ糿ԭ϶ǽһ¿Ļ˴ģ˵ʱǼһ磬˺ܳʱĶӲûġ
Ŷô£һѿʵ
о⻰˵е㲻Ȼʳڻģ˺ܳʱĶӣ˵Ӧкܶѽڵֻʮ˼же˵ȥѽ
ʻԺæ˵гô£ǰͷųˣΪ˻˿ͣǽ³ͳһصֻǰʮ˿͡Ϊ˵õصܶһȥŶӣоͰλжߵļˡ
ǵࣿʵ
ǣгشṩֻǰԭϣһʮÿݶСаװúǱ¡
ŶЩ̼ôӬͷСҲͷߣԻǲм֮ȽϿ̱
һ󣬿˵гִֶӦûʲô⣬ҪעͳĶ˵ǰɣ
⻰Ժʶղŵ˵ʧƫˣֻҪ£˼ҴδгûаϵʱֳˣҪעҲǳµԭ򣬶ֶǷС
ʶԺ󣬺뿴һʵг㿴ڸô죬ҪҪȡʩ
⻰ʳͱʾȫһİţ˵ʳƷȫһ̯ģһרŴµģȻҪʾԷ
һüͷ˴֣ﰵǲʡģ׼ҶԷ鷳˭֪ûڳǱԼȳˣ׻˵úãԩͷծȻ㻪ǳ飬ֻԼƨˡ
һԺ󣬿˺һۣȻ󿪿˵гѾ԰ٷ֮ٵȷж¼ͻ˴йأΪ˷ֹʧ̬һҽɹ̲ų棬ͣӪҵȰԺٻָΣ
⻰Ժһ㶣˵ϰʡĹϵԪ֮ȪĹϵҲǳСһô㣬᲻һЩԤƵĺĻҪں浹ùġ
ǳһȻ˵ʱرգٿӪҵҪĻɾͲ˵ôˡһ£ϰ֪εж¼ͻйأԺ˭ٵȥԵĶƷҲʽˡ
뵽ɴ˲һϵкԺ󣬺һ˵гҿǲ쵼㱨һ£Ͼ¹ϵشѾ鷳ˣҪٳӣǿɹҶ˺úúһġ
⻰˵ûǺԵģȱֳ˶һ쵼أҲͶԷͬˣͬʱҲʾ¿ϷӦġһʲôĻҲл˵
һͬ۹ãˣ˵ĹͣͬʲôҲ˳е˭ܡ


һǧʮһ ְͣʡ
һղ˵ǷĿľϣ˵⻰Ͼ쵼ҪԺһҲûУɺٺòˣһάȨͬʱҲһӡ
˼һȻſ˵Ҳã
ղŽӹκĵ绰Ժһ㽫ֻץˣ߲ţ߿˵͸Ǵ绰֮ǰǶңͷĻʱ㱨ġ
һ֮ѡ֮Ŵ绰ˣԪʾԷǾԲͬġȻԪлǿжǣʾǶ϶ģ֮Ȼ
֮ǳʡȪˣԿܷ͸˵Ķлǿˡźһͬ˼ҸһлǿأԷ쵽̩ΪһҪû뷨ƺҲе˵ȥ
һͬʱֻҪ绰ԪʾҲԲԤµġĿǰ̬ʣ˭ҲɵʱΪ˵ġһķչĻпܰԼݽȥˣ˭ҲԱ˳ţû¸Լµġ
֮Ŵ˿Ҳûеףڰ칫һ칫ϵĵ绰ˣæһץ˹
һֳԷһ򵥵Ļ㱨Ȼֱ˵ǣҺͺг˼Ϊ˷ֹʧ̬һҽɹ̲ų棬ͣӪҵȰԺǻָ㿴
⻰ղһѾ˵һˣ˵˳ڣֻղźͺ֮Ųõʾ
֮һĻûش˼һԺ󣬿˵һгͺгŰ죬ȷҪĻұʾ֧֣һǱ뱣֤ǲٳжǴԭһҪΡҪٳµĻǶ϶¿ɶ޷ѽ
ãģҺͺгһ߾ȫñݣһŵ绰˵ߵǣ㻹ûָʾ
֪֮˵һʲôһһԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰
һԺ˵гղǵĻҲˡɣ͹̾ϵһ£Ǵֱȥ˴ϣⶢţʲôٽ㿴ô
İէһƺе׸˼Ͼһϴûúǰƴɱĵ⻹һǳҪǾڼջһʲôĽҲǳؼ֮ǰ˵Ǹ⣬˾飬һҪضԴ
İţ뵹һҲûУĿǰֻˡӦһԺ󣬸׼ת뿪͵ʲôƵģһ˵гһΪһǱҪʲôĻȥ֧Ԯһ¡
һ⻰Ժ˵ͷԻ˴мֹ˼ɵģʡӵĴȻǸǵģĹԱеŲֽţû볣ĸгǵСӦԡ
⻰Ժһ˵ͷʾл˿ǺϵһӦӦ
һ׼뿪ˣ͵һ⣬վһߵ˵ղʡʳҩִ绰ģô
˿Ѿ˸ʥٹ˼ԳźʱбҪ˵һ֮Ҫһ棬Ϊһʵе̫˵ȥˣĵߣһ棬ôˣܵ˳еΣʥٹǸѡһ棬ǾǶԷԪˣҲн˼
¸һжʱˣȻϰıԣǰһ˵ҸղźʡʳҩȡϵԷ˵Ѿˣ죬ʡҲû֯ٿ顣
ˣһŭ
һ˭֪£ڳѾԤϵʥٹ³ˣһﲻɵöԼһ䣬ԺһҪСģ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱù飬ƽʱһ㣬ȵ˵ʱ򣬿ɾ鷳ˡ
˿Ѿеһ˼ˣų±˵¾֣ߵĹȸЭһ£гҪȥǧ⡣˵⻰Ժ󣬺һ˵ͷȻͳֻ绰¥ݿȥǰȥ
һ˿Ȼŭδų±˵ѦԺһȥƸʲôжȻһ㱨
±˿Ķ˵֣æҽԺʹһɫ˱㼱Ҵҵȥˡ
һߵ˶Ժ绰ҵող֮ŵĺٴδ˹ȥǳҪʳҩֵľֳʥٹ£ʹȻǲеģȡ֮ŵ֧֡ڴ£мְյģ֮Ŵ˿ҲͲһ˳еΣǡԪ´󽫣ƺûзԵĵ
绰ͨԺһѹʥٹϸ֮˻㱨ǿһ䣬ûʡֿᣬûڵλϰ࣬ȻڿְΪֳô飬ҽίԴദ
֪ʥٹ⾹Ȼ˿̻ûиϵֳ֮Ҳŭˣڵ绰ͷ˵һгھʹ绰ְ֪ͨͣʡ˵δԺ˵
У绰ټ˵⻰Ժһ͸ɾعҶ˵绰ȻֱӲͨʥٹֻ
绰ոսͨʹһС飬ãѾϺˣжʮӾͿԵˣг䣬飬ֵպһ


һǧʮ ŮǵĻ
һ⻰ԺﰵЦѣʥٹһǰˣһȻŵ绰˵ʥٹͬ־һʽ֪ͨ㣬㱻ְͣˣ㽫翪ʼֱΪֹȥίи˵Ⱥһ
гҽѽҡ
߻кöŴɣһԷĻᣬ˵⻰Ժžһ£Ҷ˵绰
ʥٹ˿еˣ˾ͷһ㱣æֻιгҽͰιιι
ߴæʱʥٹ⳹ɵˣֻһӣ̱һղŵĻ˵úѾְͣˣҲ˵һ̿ʼѾ̩ʳҩֵľֳˡ
ʥٹеȻεĸоδҲ̫һɣڼ֮ǰǴȨյһ̶̵֮һ绰ʲôҲˡʥٹͷеתˣ֪Ϊҹû˯þԵʣûкŮڵҹһӣᣬǷӦҪΪǸŮˣƺӦҹġ
ڵ̫ˣʥٹڰ˵Ժ󣬱ֳ±ĵ绰ѵġмµȥأڰ֮ǰʱ򣬾ֵв㸱ְľƸݽȻǰ¶ҪǲʥٹӳԱͲҪЩ뷨ˣҪǼҵżˡ
ܴ·ǳֻҪʥٹһӦĳݵĴأҪڶʱ֮ڸϵٹ̩ȥȻǲʵ顣һԳ±˵ˣҪܻȥв㸱ְľƸһ¡
ʥٹǳ±֪ſںߣҲ˵ƵġнĴ֧֣ʳҩ˵һ񸱾ֳ±Ҳһģһ˭Һа塣
绰ԺʥٹߵǸŮҲˣ糿ʱ򣬶˷ܣŮǰͦεɽ֮ʣҲ಻סˣһԾ𣬷ϡ
Ů˼״ܻӭĶϹ״ʧ˵ѽˣѾˣϣŶŶ
ʥٹ⿴½ˣˬ˼㡣ϴ̩Ů˵ʱ׼úһ˭֪ԷĹ˾ʱ£ֻա翪ԺظԷһ绰벻Ů͸ԡȣ˯ϴǸĿûͷǶԵģĻܾûһ޸ˡ
ʥٹһŮ˷ǳʵΪ˴ﵽĿģôŶУһﵽĿˣѶɣ˵ˡ
һδӶԺʥٹۼˣԼǲڣ˼ˣһΣоպûжܾϰǳ˵ģեˣʥٹ⻹ǵһָо
Ůʮ䣬ĸԸУ⻹ص㣬ؼǴϹغãֻҪһʾ⣬֪ôˣšſšţֻ벻ģûġ
һԺŮ˱ȥ˾ϰˣ֮ǰʥٹԼԺȥ̩ʥٹ⵱Ȼ׶Է⻰˼ˬشӦˣ´ιȥʱ򣬶׼ףòá
Ůһĵ˵ͷȻʥٹһǣתŤСƨɴӷȥˡ
ŮߺʥٹⲢû𴲣׼СƬ̣ķȻҲȷʵˣ˿̧̾۾Ƥûˣ֪˯ˡ
ʥٹٴα绰Ժ󣬾ҲûеðǺĵ绰ȻǸֳ±ģһµġ
绰˵Ķͬһ飬ж˳ʳжʼʱﻹǺܵģȻǷֹǾֵĸгΪԪĹϵԷûкʲôʡֿΪڣԷԺһ㲻ҲûС
ͨ±ĵ绰ʥٹ˽֪黹Ǻֵܼģе㲻ˣһǸԷϵֳȥһæ𴲣к˾̩иϣ緹û˵ϳԡ
ڳϵʱӵµĵ绰ʱ˵Ͳˣǳ͵Է˵ʡ￪飬ʾأһСʱҾܵˡ
ӵ绰ԺҲ̨ˣһ˺ü绰ֱؿҵĸ˵ģжȷ¡һ绰Ժһĵ绰ͽˣҲְͣ绰
ʥٹͷŵӰһ㣬һֱڵȫһ飬˿ֻ̣˷·Ϳһ㣬ģ֪ӦԲźáʥٹǿԼ侲Ļˡ
ϸ˼һʥٹ۳һͷҪ밲ȫȹһأ˭ҲȲ뵽Ժϵس˾˵С𣬰ѳͷǻӦ졣
ʥٹ֪Ԫʡ￪أҪԷԮĻֻٻȥǻ̩Ҳûκˡղһȷְ֪ͨͣˣʱٻȥѾˡ
˾⻰Ժ󣬳һæ˵ֳڸѽ
ѽһȥȻͷʥٹ
ղʥٹӴ绰˾ģ֪ϰͷϣĶ˵䣬æӦһһؼ
ʥٹ룬Ϊ˱ȸ绰г治һ⼸Էĸ˲ٲƨɵ飬ε鿴ȥӦСˣе㵣ĶԷֲܡ
绰ͨԺʥٹæ˵㣬ٹѽˣһҪֵһѽҿɾˣʥҲѽ


һǧʮ 
һ绰Ժ͵һæͨ˺ĵ绰ĶһԺŷ׼Ϣһᡣȥܰѻ㶨ò˶ãͻе绰Ԯˡʱɾеæˡ
һƬϾ֮ȴڰ칫˵שղ·ͻȻûϸǣֻŲ̬һĿǰ㲻˵ʮ˳ʳж״ϾûˣֻҪ̬ƳȥûбҪʡ㱨ˡ
˿⣬֮Żڿ飬һ˴飬ڶʳҩֳʥٹְͣ顣
ؼǵҵʱг֮ȪʾԸʡĹӿġԿһʸĸʡˣߵĿѾˡ֮ҲʸίǣƽʱþԷʵģ֪˴ǶԷӿģȴˣɾе˵ȥˡ
˲ôǵ͵Ĵˣô˵˼ҲǸʡ㣬Ҫڸġ
˵ʥٹ⣬ǿɾ͸鷳ˣڹҶһĵ绰Ժ󣬲ԷԪĵСӣĻһг˵濪ս˼֮ǰǻѾ˵ȥˣջɲǼ׵顣
֮Ųڹٳϻ켣˴뱲ӵϽˣһ˼Ժץסص㡣ӱϿƺĲԣʵȻ֮Ը㻪˴ʥٹⶼΪǺж¼йء
󱳾£˭û⣬ΪҪǸ˵ĻʡҲãгҲգûܶסġ
֮Ҳ̹Ȼˣͬʱʶһ㣬ζðһһϡλҲпɽˣЩ϶ֱģֻʾһֶ֧ѡ
֮ͬʱʶһѾһվͬһսȥˣܶԷʲôҪʾ֧֣ĻԷҪֱӺӣǿɾ鷳ˡҪί֮ܲ˳㶨˵أ
һ˿Ҫǵ֪֮ŵ뷨Ҫֲ֧ˡ³ԺҲһ˼ȽƽϢ˵˳ָһ»Ҳܾ˵֮Ŵ˿ڰ칫Щ˿̻Ͼ˼
һ֧Ժһ°ҽĸԺ˹ڵ֪ǸصжУܲʱһɵüͷ˵ڵûȹ
һһ£ҽԺʵѦԺղѾ濴ˣľ飬мְգʵʵ˵
һ˵ǳɴ࣬м·ͻȻй֮˵ҲûĿס
Ѧ⻰Ժһ֮ǰ˵ĳгȻᣬй⻰ԺûзϣλгôҲûйϵϰոεԺֳûҵȥгģԣǾһɼĴڡ
һͻ¼ȴͶϵһԷʻԺﾹм֮Уæվֱӣһ˵гҵľ飬˵յĻ˵һһɣ
һ⻰Ժüͷһͷѹ˼֣Է˵ٷ֮ʮѾǾ˺ܴˣʵǵ˵Ļܶһ룬ֹܲѽ
һѦһۣȻ˵ѦԺڵҲҪϧһдۣȲ˵̩еίҽԺһҪ˷ѣȡܽһĴ
Ѧ⻰Ժֹ룬Ǵŵ˵гҽȫҽԱһ߾ܡȫԸʳж飬еʱĲҽʿŬˣһܡ
һ⻰ԺʶԼղŵǻԷѹ̫ˣ·ڣҽ쵼ҽʿıֶǿȦɵģľȲĻҲԲǵΡ
뵽ԺһѦ˵ѦԺУﶼЩ鲻ܹصġ
ѦղŻһҪе˼ԷڵⷬԺ֪ԼֶԷˡгղŰѻ˵ôأֻϣ㹻ӣǲҰס
״ԺѦվֱӴ˵쵼ģҽйԱһȫԸʹ
һϼһ˿΢Ц׼˵ԵĻϵֻȴʧʱؽӸղӴ˼绰Ժûаֻٸ£Ļ鷳
Ѧһĵ绰ˣһȥƣгͷˣѦĵ˳˳ִš
һϣ绰ǺģҲ֮ǰһԷԮˡ֮ǰѾ׼ˣӵ绰ԺȻҲӦ
ڴӦԷȥ֮ǰһѯһ£֮ǰ绰Է飬֪Ѿȥˣŷ
µ绰Ժ󣬰һңղŵ˴Ժȸɵľһ顣ҪԳٻһµĻҲǼ鶼ɲˣһ᲻ˬشӦﻹһҲûС
֮ǰ֪бԺ벢ûмŸϹǵȺ͹ֳ̾һ˻Ժ󣬲һġ
ԺǱԺ󣬹ԱǿֱӰǴܾҡ֣ܾǵԺ󣬶ʱ񣬲֪Ǻá绰źǰһȥԷ֪˵һʲô˵֪ˣ֪ˡ


һǧʮ 绰
Ҷϵ绰绰Ժ󣬳ź˵ͷǸ˵гžֳ˼Եȣһ˿ģô飬ҵкһ¶Էõʱ˵Ⱥȿڲ衢֧̣ԵƬ̡
ͺһ֪бʲôҲǺڼԷ˵˿ǵȻҲûҪһǧ֮ļơȻܽҲԲһ绰Ĺ˶ԷĻԺ󣬶˵ͷƤɳ£ȴûг̣ҲûкȲ衣
֣ͬɼеûˣղǸ绰Ǵ֮ȪģϣԷʱܳ棬Ű½һ¡˭֪֮Ȫ˵˹ģлǿ绰
µ绰Ժ֣ͬɲŷӦ˾ĸг֮Ȫֻһг൱ڸгʱ򣬡൱ڡ͡ǡ߾ͿˡгֱӴˣȴгȣⲻǳ
֣ͬɲͨ绰Ժ󣬶ߴཡཱུﰲһ£ʱлǿأֻҲǹػ״ֻ̬ҪֻţӦö˽ġ
֣ͬͷû꣬ѾˣͬɣôôҴ绰ǲַʲôʻɫˣ¸£
лǿĻԺٿڶΣ֣ͬΪ˷ֹԷȥæǿһ˵ܣ˵飬ںг͹ֵ̾žֳҰ칫أ
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ϾװõӣվС죬Ť·βԺ󣬻ȥˡϴεԺǻ˺ܴ£»صлǿĻĶа㲻ĻԴӿĻʹ˽һ߿ˣǰԵĻǿɾˡ
Ͼ뿪ԺлǿŶŵ绰˵ͬɣô£ôӵģ
лǿôɵƣҲһˣĻгô͹ֳ̾һʱ֣ͬɵİ칫ء⻰ʱǲˬմ̩Ӧһͳˣ֣ͬҲ̫ѷһ㣬ĻԺ˭ָ
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гĸҹԺ󣬶Էͱʾʮʳ̫һ㣬´ղлǿһ̾ŭˣöԷһҪʮʳģɲ㡣
֣ͬȻĿǰвЩжǲǺгƴ˴յЩʳйأղžֳ˵úЩж˶һ˷͵Ժų¡޷ʵлǿĻ֣ͬɵȻǲˬ
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뵽Ժ֣ͬɶŵ绰û˵ܣ¿µԴһˣøǸ˴ˣʮΪʳжסĸҽԺгžֳҲΪ¡ҪʱЪҵȰ˵
ʲôлǿ⻰Ժ󣬵
벻ȻأõĻ̩еɾˡΪʶˮƽ⣬ͲǺܺãҪٳ⵵飬ǿɾͳûˡ
ӦĻнϰ͵˼̩еǺ֣ͬһͶȥǰڵӲͶ룬ټϺʽҽȥ˺üҪǾˮƯĻлǿҪ
ʶԺлǿǿԼһҪ侲¼ãˣӸƢûκãֻø㡣һ£֣ͬ˵ͬɣѵ绰г˵
лǿȻûкͺǶге˽ģǴӻһһˣ沢ûʲôӲĹϵƾӵ˵Էġ
֣ͬԷĿˣȻҲڶ˵ʲôҪлǿһڵǻëˣǲԴ˵ġסֻͲЦضԺ˵гһܾлǿҪͨϣܸӡ
֣ͬлǿ˵ϣܹʶԷĻͺ˵ˡ
⻰Ժ˼ˣ漴һͷȻ֪ԷелǿǺηʥһֱ˵˴ֵġڶԷȻָӵ绰Ǿһɡô˵Ӹ绰ԣҲʲô˵飬ǧҪΪµﲻţĻɾûҪˡ
նֻιһͲһˬʵ˵гãлǿǰȥ̩ʱ򣬱׼ȥݷģҰ˵Ҫȥŷ죬Ҿͼææظϻˣźѽ
ԺﰵȻǴͷ֪ԷĻû˵꣬ҲûмſڣԷġ
лǿԷĻ󣬲ûκηӦ֪Էһ֪˭Ļķӳ룬Ȼ˵Ұǰʡ̸ʱ򣬻̸̩еοĿģʡʾܹע˵׼ȥأ


һǧʮ ʮ
˵Ժлǿ룬Ҫǻ֪˭ĻûؼұȥˣҲֱֻ˵ĳĳˡ
лǿĵȻǶģԺ󣬺Ȼ֪Է˭ˣܺʡģԣǳʸĸʡԿܻ˭أ֪˻ıԭǸʡĶӿģѹַһֱƵĴ˵޷粻ˡ
ǳԷ˿̽Լݵ⣬Ǿθ̧֣ôɲģҲǷ¡ʶԺ󣬺ͷ綷ĸо
˵лһܲܰԹӦȥźǶԷûиᡣ˵ԭԹӣһᣬԷֱͷȥˡ
лǿλг֪˭ˣĶٸԷŪĻᣬΪöԷݣǷϴľˣĶöԷ׻ȥֱӿڵгҸղ֣˵Ǽ飬㿴ôĹģԲ飬ǲˡ
⻰Ժ֪ҶǲʵˣֻӲͷƤˡлǿѻ˵꣬ͣӣȻ󿪿˵ܣ⻰˵еˣô飬һ˲ŻģȫԷһٶʮġ
лǿ⻰Ժ΢΢һ˼аٷ֮ٵİˣĻ˵ġ룬ֿڵг㿴вУԲԾùֵ̾һ߼ලֻЪҵ飬㿴ܲͨһ¡г飬ֵһˣɽˮ꣬󶨵𡣡
лǿʮ˳ʳжǲǺйϵҪģؼ֮һǰŷˣĻԷĴпģʲôҪ󶼲ᣬֻöԷҪžˡҪòҲֵ̫ģźӦӡ
Է⻰Ժû˼ֱӿڵܣžֳҲǲѶΪ֮Ҹʮʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǸôôˣгǱ߻һػأ
⻰˵ÿνǵˮ©лǿӣ˳ذһ˳֮Ҫ˵ĻǵȥһʮӴ绰ҹϵѾȨˡѾ御ˣҲҪʲôˡ
ûʲôӲĹϵӵطһһģ˾Ϊ˴£Եˮ©ðǣӲ
лǿ˺ĻԺúǲˬòƶԷѾǸˣĻͻᶯˡʶԺҲƽˣЦŶԺ˵УǾллгˣظӣʮ֮ڣ̧֣
ٷģĳӦ;ʳԡش
лǿԺЦŵһټҶ˵绰ʵûʱٺͺڶϻˣʮӵʱ¸㶨Ļǿɾʲôˣղ绰Ҳ塣
Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬺֣ͬ˵֣ܣҸղѾ˵ˣһӵʱ׼ʱǾͰ°ˡ
⻰˵úԣһӵʱ׼˵׼ʲôǾǵˡһĻøлǿҲˣҲûе飬˵һá
֣ͬæ˵һл˵⻰Ժ´ֻóԺƳһĺ룬ź˵һǸ㵽ӵ绰ȥˡ
˿Ҳûţߵһȥһһ绰Էһʮӵʱ䣬뷽跨ֹǷš£ԷҳһܹĶġҲ׼һܱ֤˳ȥ
벻ԸлǿԸ⿴̬һĻгͷˡֶҪץһ߸лǿһᣬһӣһߣʱһԮ֤ܰһʧ˿̣еظܵʱҪһĲס
һӵĵ绰Ժûе飬ҽԺѦԺ󣬾ֱˡ
һǰһ֮ȪȻԸͽлǿԸ绰ˣҪƴǵĻǿе˵ȥˡղ֣ͬɸ绰ʱֱƵˣлǿ֣ͬɿɲһģûа취ֻ̲ˮˡ
˵˵˵ֶ̣ʱ価ⲻǺܾģлǿÿ¶һķֺ죬ʾԺһ׷ӵġˣȻ⡣
ȻҲɵƣ֪²ôײ͵ģҲлǿ˵ˣȥԣ쵼ָʾȥҲ⡣
лǿ⻰Ժᣬ֮ȪԵȡԼߡ˷Ժٴδ绰֮ȪԪһ绰˵Էָʾ
֮Ȫ˵ԪͽˣҲеˣԷϾһ֮˵ķɱҪصö࣬ʾʹ绰ͶԷϵлǿǧлع˵绰˵¹Ժһ֮ȪȥϷúһ¡
֮ȪϣԪڵ绰溬رʾ˼ҿһôҲףܲŵĻǲҪءĻҲþڴ£ϰĻ̵̻ġ
˿Ԫ˵ʲôҪֻҪ˵һ֮ȪĿľʹﵽˡһֳԺ󣬾ͿԳź˵г˼ҪʲôģԴ绰ѯʡ
ź벻ɵƵΪ¸Ԫ绰˵ҲûйϵԪϾָʾ


һǧʮ ֻ
Ԫ˿Ըлǿ˵Ҫԭ򣬵һԷϾԿܵĶӣ̩ҪǱ̫ͷģԺϰֵʱ򣬲̫ýڶֻаߵС˵ܰСһѡȸ˵绰Сʥٹֱҵʡ޷ѡ
ԪΪղŶ֮Ȫ˵Ƿûʲô⣬ûöԷһҪôпܵ£ܲžͲء⻰κʱ򣬶κ⣬һҲġ
һϳԺָκһ绰֪ҽԺǸز۲ģҲûʲôˣԷһڳҽȽϴ⣬ãٲΣգҲ㲻еҰɣ
ֻץϣһԺ˼һ⣬һҪԵ⡣ĿǰΪֹȷϳж֢״һʮ˴ͳȴʮ˷ݡȷʵйصĻҵõļͥΪʲôûأ
ҪǱĶĻпͥʱûгԣڽ糿⣬ʱû˳ģӦòڰŲٵе˷ѽˡ
ղ绰ʵ˵ľ顣Է˴Ժ󣬱飬һõȡԱǼǱղѾ˼˽ˣȷʵһĶڶúһȻ͵ҽȥ飬ǲкĳɷ֡
֮ǰҽѾԼλжߵŻ˼飬ȷжԭֻҪӻʣȡͬĶ¾Ͱ϶ˣǻ죬ҲҲˡ
ҪǻһҳСĻһһصģǻıˡ֤ɽöԷ䣬ڳ˵Σ˵ᵹһҡ
뵽Ժһ͵ؾ뻹óֻѩޱһ绰öԷҽţһӻõǸĶĻԺϵ
ѩޱ֪ʧ̬أһĻԺһڴӦҶϵ绰Ժ󣬱ֱҪһҽ
һܾſڵʱžʵһĻֻ֮ȪдʣгǽӵԪгĵ绰Ժ󣬲ϹģҪûȫ֮ǰǿͣҵ
һҪǸˣ˼Ӱ죬˭Ǻг𣬻žֳֻҪǸһȷĴ𸴣ҰǰѻĴŸˣҪǲܵĻȰǻŵ㡣
ڷղŸԷʮʱ䣬ǰʯͷԼĽšԼʮӵʱ֮Ȫ͵ֳһͰгԱףһһг˵гҪ󣬸úһ취ҲûС
˵⻰˵˭˵ĸĻʲôأ÷϶̸ģֻɴñˡǺ룬붼ûôǵģ˵Ҳš
֮Ȫɨ˺һۣﰵҾͲҽ磬Ļɾͱˣߣ˺һᣬԷûпڣǵ⣬ǿĵ˵гҿǻòĲ飬ץץǲùصĻǲҪصĺãõʱ򱻶
⻰Ժ󣬲ˬ˼㣬Էǵ͵ĵ˱Եȴһ취ҲûС׼ٲ绰һߵһ㱨ȻԷ˵ôô졣
ں׼绰ʱ򣬶ȴһ˵鷳ҽһʲôǸùصģʲôǲùصģ
һ˵ȥ۽֮ȪǸĽ˿۾šһ̩еʱ򣬿һô۾е㲻ӦԷںʡίУѧϰʱ򣬴Ķֺڱ߿۾͵һ»ôôŤ
֮Ȫһ߽ʱ򣬶پһ飬ղŵǷҪŪ롢ûκ⣬ҪŪλĻǿ̸ˡһ˼漴˵гˣӭҸղֻѺгκξʱҪǺ·Ŀǰƺûκֱ֤ܹ֤⼸ͻʳж¼ͻйϵ
֮Ȫ⻰Ժ󣬺Կһۣ֮ǰһŵúܣһԺϢˣ˵лȴҪöˣٲиղͱ˵ĸоˡ
һ⻰Ժ¶һ˿΢Ц֮Ȫ˵ллѣҺͺгԼžֳﶼˣ㵽кιɣǴͣ͵ģòƹĻӦõɣ
һ⻰ȻſЦе˼ȷʵǳԵģô˵飬֮ȪûаϵʲôʱֵָֻˣĶȥĶȥ
֮Ȫ⻰ԺһˣֻС۾͸˿۾һһһ˵г㱨ҹΪոսӵгĵ绰ҹŴµģ
һԷ⻰Ժ¶һ˿м飬ʵ˼гʲôָʾô㵱Ŵҵ˵Ƕúѧϰһ£гžֳǶҪע
ղŶ֮ȪòᣬڼһֳԺƷŤתҪһţеԲղܵǹǻһۣ˵ָʾ
֮Ȫһǿ׳Ȼǲˬȴһ취ҲûС˵λг˼ڸ֮ǰܲûţǲصĺãпɲõӰ죬ᶯҵĻ˭Ҳеѽ


һǧʮ 峡
֮Ȫ⻰Ժ󣬺붼ĿۼһϣȻ˵УϴҪ̬ʱǵȻָֻˡ
һб֮ȪһۣȻ󿪿˵ʮҽԺ棬һкüûΣգЩ˼Ҷһͬ㣬ǾһʱڻȻؼԺȥҽļҲˣ֤ʵж緹йϵ˵費ҪûţҪ˳ʳжĻǲ
㡭֮Ȫ˵һԺ󣬲֪οˣղԳев˵ģ˼ҷͷõϣ˵ʲôأ
֮Ȫ·ҭסһ㣬һ׼ʹ˷ŹԷ֮ǰ֮źԪѾʾȫȨ䲻ʲô£һľµʱָֻŵģ䵱֮Ȫʱǲˬ˼㡣
ִ˶ԷһۣȻ󿪿˵Ҫڴ绰г㱨һ£ǲ㡭
һ⻰Ȼ˵úתе˼ǷǳǿӲģҪ쵼ʾһ£Ҫֱˣûʲô顣
֮Ȫһ⻰Ժ󣬱ӶҪᣬǵ͵񶼲Ҳ˼ѹûа˵ʲôˡǲˬ֮ȪҲɵƣԪʲô绰ġ
绰ԪԷҲ֧ġһղ˵ǻеǸΣͬԪҲег˾ԲƵԼȥġ
ֻǴһ쵼ָʾҸ˵Ѿ˵ˣǸô컹ô죬ûйϵ֮Ȫ˵⻰Ժ󣬾ߵһȥˡ
Ƿ֮أһҲȴòӦлǿæģԷѾӦŸϵģҪһᵽԺ󣬼˵Ļһ뷨Ϊ˱֮Ȫҧֳ
һ֮Ȫ˵һȥˣȻҲٺͶԷƽϵġ˼Ը⣬ֻҪ£òҲûӲ뿪
һһһߵ֣ͬɣ˵֣ܣʮӵʱ峡Ļֻùֵ̾ͬ־ˣĻΪϣҪ֦
֮ǰһʹˣô˵컪šǱ֤ڰȫҪͬʱҲԽһΪгšһ£Ϊ֮Ȫĳ֣ûйصϢҪǴȥĻԺ˭һʡ
ΪĶ֣г㲻˭졣ҵվӾϣиõǰ;ģҪĻȥ֮ȪأԷȻߣȴгţ棬Ȼǰ;
֣ͬɴ˿Ķ˵֣֮ȪԷݺݴοСɫأһĻæߵļ˵˼䡣ͷȻתȥˡ
֣ͬɾǲˬȴòһ롢ɳ£ƯŮǷֱһ衣ŵģ˼ҲΪģ٣οȻˣʲôʱٴ򿪣ǻ˼˵ˣȻҵ
һոߴһŮλ˿ãҪ쵼ͻ飬ҪʱرգӸ˳ɴ˸㣬½⣬лл
Ժæ̧ͷһֻԷһƬƵﲻɵøǸп쳣˼׾پܸ㶨飬ͱȵ컹ѣòϣȫģС
ͬʱԿܵĶôûиһ绰أѵ᲻Է뵽ʱе㲻ˣ֮ǰ˵ǰλʡҲпɽģһԿܻҪţ档лǿ֪绰ҲûãԾͲˡ
뵽ʱ򣬺ƽˣһӵײһһ˸гЩи˱ǵȻñˡһ׸㶨ȴά裬Ҫڱ棬޹ءȻͻˡ
˵һԺŮҲûֱֹͣСʱԺŰУ֣ͬҲкһȻ̫࣬װˡʲôĶҪʱ䣬ʮӿ϶ģʱ䡣
һһʾͬ⡣ҪöԷЪҵ˵ʮӣǶʮӣĵġղ֮˵ʮӣֻǴѹסԷǻл롣
֣ͬɼһûбֳ飬ﲻɵһԷҪӲù̲ŵ˶ֵĻǶԣھһ֮ˡ˵ҲвСӰ죬Ͼ㲻ֻһˡ
ȫԺһָӹ̲ŵȥʳƷص糿Ǹеĺ桢̶Ƥȡ
òãͻȻһг˵㣬һ£Ҫ鲻κĻǸô˵
һ֪лǿˣԷٶȻǹģȻôһṦ͵̩
һµû˵лǿԪ֮Ȫϵʱ򣬾Ѿڳˣ˾ѳ÷ɿ죬Բ⣬һü١ʱ򣬸ոϣ첽ϵܾҡſڵʱǡһڷ˾ѯ
һת۵ŶԷ˵ѽһΪ⵵飬ˣڿôѽ
гҪĻܾʧˣҽӵϢԺͣϣǺǣлǿЦ˵ˣ㻹ûлشҵأ


һǧʮ ұط
ղ˵ʲôû⡣һ˵
лǿ⻰Ժ󣬲ûѪղôԷȻûⲻǳģʲô޲ðһж˿飬ǲòѸղ˵Ļظһ顣˵£òͷлǿ仰ĺˡ
һ󣬵ɴ۾Ѿȫȷǰλʮ塢˾ʡĹӣһȻ֮ǰ֪Էݣıͨ죬岻ѡ
һлǿĻԺϵǲм˵ܣҪʲô˵ѵϣһҪҪûĻǲǽԴϲ飬飬ڴҿɶ˵ʳж¼йأѵû˵
лǿ˻Ϊһ¶Է벻һһڣǸлԷŲƵģơҪֲ֪ôĶ˵Լ侲ܸõغͶԷ
һղǻ󵼶Է˼ֻôˣΪлǿղŵǸ⣬ȷʵ̫ûش𡣾Ŀǰʳж¼ٷ֮ʮͻйϵһƱĻȴǲңϾûаٷ֮ٵİա
˿̣һɻͳȥʮ˸ȴֻʮ廧ͥжֱΪֹҲûӣʣµôأǲζ²һͻйϵûס
һлǿˣ˻֣öԷȥˡ
Ͳ뿪Ƿ֮أҲµ˸ոոյλܵˣɴܣǧĪ꣬ʱٲԶԶģʱ塢һ֣¥ȥ
лǿ˿ҲˣһʵгôɣɺܴӰ죬ұظǵȨ
Уܣô춼УһйͲˡһ˵˵⻰Ժ׼ת뿪ˣлǿ˿ѾƵǽˣֹԷǽһԸٺˡ
һ׼Ų֣ͬлǿĶ߶䡣лǿŭɶȵһվţ
һԸͶԷͻζ˶Էᣬô˵棬ԷȻֱһǲˬͣ½Ųת۵лǿ˵лǿ˵֮ǰȸԼݣҪⶼ㲻ĻҾûʲô˵ˡ
лǿղ֣ͬɵĻԺ󣬱һֱѹŵҲ̲סˣֱԷ䣬֮ǲһһԺ΢΢һ㶣漴˵Угղŵǻջأее̫ͻȻˣԭҵʧ̬
һԷ⻰ԺɫԻһ㣬˵Դ٣ȻˣǾнİ취ܻģ˰ø㣬ôġ
лǿԷ⻰ԺеҲסˣֳԺһһֱƺΪܡ͵һ䡰Դ١ҪעԼʡӵݣҪΪ
ͣԺлǿһ˵гڲ̬ȵʱһҪ̣гߴͽ̡
һԷ⻰ԺЦǺǵ˵ܿˣлֻ˵һһ֪޲ԡ޲
һһķ룬ǿӲҲǿӲҺ˵Ҳ˵һ仰˲Ҳˣұطˡ
лǿ⻰Ժ󣬴˵УгȻˬˣ֪ǣ˵ЩжΪ£ͳȥʮ˷ݣΪʲôֻʮж෢ͬһҵģҲ˵Ϊ͵ĻӦʮŸжŶԡϣгܸһ͡
һԺ󣬺ɨ֣ͬһۣ⻰ȻǴлǿ˵ģһǶԷģԷոյֳô֪ءлǿϿм۹ģ˲ھӪһףҲǳ侲Ǹ֮ǰȻмԴӵ֪һԺ󣬾ͱ쳣͵Ҳ˵һڼʹ档
˼Ժ󣬴󷽵شܣ⣬һӻû취𰸣ҲǸеɻĵط֮ǰгѾ˹ȥˣҪ˶ãǾͿ֪ˡ
˵ⷬͬʱһҲһ֮ǰһֱΪ˼ûжڿˣǸûȹ˺ͬʱжġҪĻȷʵӦûĻ˼ûгж
ĻȻû̫𣬵ҲһǳҪϸڣãǧ֮ѨĵǶġ
лǿһ⻰Ժ󣬷е㲻֪ôشˡ֮ǰԤһ뷽跨ص߹⳶⣬ĻǾͻ֣ͬɰǼǱóڶԷֱӰˣʴ֮С
˼Ժлǿ˵г黹ûʹţƺе˵ȥɣ
ܣиʲôʱ˵Ҫǵˣһ˵վߵ֣ܣҺͺгֵ̾ˣôʱˣʲôʱ˵һʣ
лǿ⻰Ժ΢΢һղҲһ˵벻ȴԷץס˰ѱһԺ󣬼˵ô˼鶼ûиѹ˿ȫϳȥǲе̫ˣ


һǧʮ Ḭ̄С
һ⻰Ժ󣬳лǿŭ˵лǿҿǲƺĲѽУھ֣֪ͨ㣬ʮθȡѾ֤ǵжǸйϵ㲻֤ݣ
Էһֱĥߴû꣬һҲŭˣΪݸӣ㻹׼Ⱦˣǿɾ͹ֲˡ
һĻ䣬ϵֻͻȻһʶѩޱĺ룬æ˽
ѩޱ֪ڵ绰ͷ˵һЩʲôһ͹Ҷ˵绰̧ͷлǿ˵ܣµĻѾˣùˣΪǸжġ
˵⻰Ժһź˵ͷһǰһ뿪˻ܾҡѾˮʯˣǵȻûڴıҪˡ
һͺߺлǿڱˣӼûǰһץϵղݺݵ˵棬ֻ۵һӻ˲Ƭ·ɽȥ
ڳ˶Ϣӣκ춯ǳϰͷأ˭ҪĻһһŭ˲У֣ͬȴû취ڣҲϰ壬ɲôôƸˡ
ǰһ˵ܣѾˣһ£ô죡
ƨлǿ֮ǰǾˣľӪ㸺˵ѽôģȻù͸ˣⲻӽˮˣʲô
֣ͬɱ׼ģǶԷ⻰е̫ˣҲ̲סˣ˵ܣҪ˵ֵĻǻֲҵͷϣҪʮʳĵĻ˭Ա˳Űŵȥѽ
˼˵ҳ˳ˣлǿʵðʮʳģ˭ǰùŽȥģСӶ֪ùԺжЩԳƸ߼ԱȻ֪ʶϹˣôҷ
лǿĺȻվһŵ߹ܣ˿ҲӦˣҪĻҲӦó֣ͬɣ˼Ҳϰ壬ƾʲô
˿̣ľ͸վǶƨҷһеľǲǲûв飬ڳˣҪ㵽ͷҲе̫ԩˣղ֣ܶˣǶҿΪԼףֻĬĬͷˡ
ֱԺ󣬲ŻָӪҵͲãһԺĿſȸˡǿˣԶԶûнҪȴĽһ
̩еʳж粨ǹȥˣҽԺжҲ½Ժˣ˱οǣβûзˡǸΣصĻڹŹתһȦԺڻǻˡȻûҲ࣬п⣬죬һʵֲˡ
һҲˣΪʲôͳʮ˷ȴֻʮͥжˡ˴ŵַڵһһҵʮ˻˼ң˼ûгжһΪСʾ࣬ԼûһΪ˵⣬û˵ϣһֻڼңȥӼҳ緹ģû˵ϳԡ
ЩԺһΪһģ˭֪ȥ߷õͬ־˵ˣǸΪֲ˵ǻ˼ҷһݣҲжΪصĸԭǷȥǳеĶȻҪ
ͨһ飬Ҳ˵һ̰СˣĻ׳ǿԷ˵Ϊ˶һ͵һֲ˵³Ϣ겻ѣ˵ȥˡ
Ĺ⻧ֲ˵ļͥ⣬ʮ⳥ⶼѾ̸ˡҽҩɻȫе⣬Ҹһ򲻵ȵ⳥Ҫжȷġ
֮ʹóǮΪӴȣһķųķ⳥ⲻλĻͲܿš鴦ˣٿӪҵĻ»ϵ£
̩ίиɵĴ¥رţΪ˴ж¼쵼ǵĶﶼһаԴʲôĶСģһСģĶжĻǿǵ˰˱ӵùˡ
㣬̩ίίλʮ¥Ļ׼ʱٿλֻһ⣬Ǿ顢ж¼ƺ˵ˣҪ۵ʵһԻĴ⣻ڶʳҩֳʥٹĴ⡣߶ж¼أԷһ
֮ɨȫһۣȻ˵ͬ־ѽ¼ֵǾѽԽǵԽҪע⣬ʱҪǳʲô飬Ŀ¶óԲ˶ߡ
˵⻰Ժ֮ٴ˵ɨһ飬Ԫͣáղǻէһ֮ʵָ
ʱ֮ί鳤߳ɽ֪ͨٿί֮ʣѾ뵽ˣʥٹĴϣԪܻл˵ô˵ԷҲСӣҪǲΪԷ˵ʲôĻǲŽأ
֮ŸղһףʵϾԪô˱վеΣ㻤̿ԣɲҪ̫֣ĻֻһһǶˣʱ򣬱ֻ㡣
Ԫ˿Ͽȥһȴƣôʱ䵹ù飬ȫ̯ˣһӶģǼ˹ˡ֮˵ǻҲףײĻؼԺ󣬿û취Ŵ˽


һǧʮ ¶Ļ
ԪȻҲżһЩԲŵ飬˵ŻǷǳذġŲ˼˷ԣȻѡ˼޸һСӣ˲Ҳ뷽跨ǮѶ͵ѧһҪԭõϳֵһĻٳڶӵϣΪˣϧһдۡʱĳЩţǼ⣬һȥǿɱȵ컹ѡ
֮ջĿ⣬˵ε¼ԺǿЩͬ־ʶͰǷǳǿģһͬ־ͬ־Լֵ̾ͬ־ǲڹؼʱܹȥҶİպʹǷǳзִģⶼֵͬ־úѧϰġ
⻰Ժ󣬻һۣ䶼Σ۾涼еĹâʽĳϣܵõһ˸ߵۣɲÿ˶Ļġ
ýĻ˵ίίᰴ˵ǾûʸĲμӵģ뻹ãίиٿϯʱҲǰʸ񣬶Ǹ̸ġֻһССĹֳ̾ôвμίίʸأᣬҲͷȥˡ첻μˣҵõίǵĵڱȻġ
üɫĲͬһߵ֮Ȫ˿̺޲ҸطȥĲμ飬һȻٵͷջǱˡȥˣ˰ȥĻ֮ŵô룬еûסΪ飬ϴ٣ĺޱҪ
֮ȪԲںһĿкͶԷŸɵ֮ŵ̬ȣȴòˡһжԣίǾʵϴֻһгȥս֮ŵȨûǸ
Ĳ˵ԷֻҪתθгʱ΢ʾһ㿴гпܾҪȥ˵ʲôʱתΣǿɾ˵ѽˣһصģҲû֮Ȫ淸Ϊ飬ȥ֮ŶϿĻյùĻԼ
ܲҺ֮ŽϾȴеԹ޶еһϣݺݵصԲͻϵĶԷﰵģҳԵЩͷһ죬һӱģ͵Űɡ
һ˿̶֮Ȫ뷨һ֪һ᾿ô۽ҪԶԶں룬֮űǸжѣǵδ鵱лȡԼ档
ΪΪˣΪ泡еŪһȻ̴˵
һ˼֮ʣͻȻ֮ŵ棬һгһľĻһг˵ˣٽ
仰ȻҲǳԪ˵ģΪһ˵ĻģֻԪˣ˴²ؼ߸߹𣬵Ȼʲôġ
֮Ž֮ͦһһΪԷ°ȷʵƯûǸںģҲһǳõĴԪĻᣬûɣúһ
һ⻰Ժ¶΢ЦһڳˣȻ󿪿˵ǡгλͬ־ίָʾҸʳж¼ҽľһϸĻ㱨л㱨λģг͹ֵ̾žֳ䣬¼ʼպһֳġ
һ⻰ĵ룬˼Ҹæµ˺һлᵱȻҪ˵ûҲ˱һϢֻҪǸһģҾ;Բǣ˵ʱ򣬾Բ
ľһ˽Сʱò˵ꡣ˵Ժź˵гžֳǿûʲôҪģ
ٿ˵ǳίᣬ붼вμʸ񣬵ֻ䣬͵ģҲ˵ȴ˵˵ˣμӾܸˣҪԵĻΪί˵ɣ
֮һһʺ룬ˣź˵г㿴ǲǻʲôҪģ
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һ⻰ԺﲻмֿЦ֮⣬֮öԷ˵䣬ȷʵΪ˸뼸ӣλίǰ¶벻֮žȻ˵Ļᣬ벻ȻԼĹ¼˵˳һĻ˼ˡ
ܳһеΪε״һҲֺ롣ԷҲһƬ⣬ֻѡʱԡ˼Ҹûڳί˵㻹ôߵҪǿɾеΪˡ
˵ĽԺ̧֮ͷϵ˵ҿ黹ʲôڿҪȷĴҪ˽ʵҲҵһֵʵǵ硣
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⻰Ժ󣬶ͷĬէһ˼ʵ﾿ʲôֻԼ
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뷨Ժ֮Ķ̧ͷŭĿ֮Ȫλȥͬʱŭ˵ݣΪϯԱҪ˵ĻȾ֣´ע⣡
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֮ŵţȫһ֮СһҲǱ߻ִܲеĻٸһιŴ󼪡
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˵ԺؿԪһۣȻ˵ڶʥٹͬ־ĴҾгղŵĻ˵úеǶ˺һҪദϢĻ롣
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ʱ֮˵Ļǿе̫˵ȥˡﰵҲһŵľֳѣһҪҪԾ͸ˣôҪһ飬нӵʱҲÿڡ
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ԷʱɫԷȻǰ棬Ǹ㹻أǣ㿴أ֤ʾǰ˵˶٣İȨҪ֮ŵġ
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칫Ҹɫ䣬æ˵ֳǶԲû뵽Ҹ׼͡
±æȥһǻ㱨ĶʱϻֱӳĻ˵ˣϳ£ûй˼Ҫȥ飬ҪʲôµĻһ˵


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칫Ҹμ±Ҵҵ뿪ﰵԸ̾ôôùòֵһ㱨ˣ쵼ȴȥˣһ糿ûԵʣһ˵㣬ƫҪһأһڣʱˣ㶼ϾϻؼԺúʰ
±ϳԺ绰õϢȻ֮ǰһǰ컪Ǽøˡٿίίϣͨ˶Ҳ˵ӽ쿪ʼһ֮ˡ
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һ±վֱӣ¶Էļ򣬿˵¾ֳҪǰѹɺã˵ģûҪôĽҶǵĸɲֻǷֹͬˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬳±һ㶣漴ص˵ͷһ˵쵼ģ֪ôˡ
һѳ±һֱ͵칫ſڣ쳣ίԷֳʼͱԶԷΪ𡣳±ҪǸɵúõĻг۹ټй֮ԷҪǸɵòõĻҲгΣʶ˲Ҿټ
˳±Ժһһƨϰϣһ֧̣˼
һ磬ϰԺһͰѩޱе˰칫ңöԷһȥ̾һˣȻǱߵһȥ·֪ͨ
ѩޱԺһһ绰룬ָʾѸԷʱΪ졣лǿ׼Ļʱ㹻ˣ׼һĻ졢죬һġ
ӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬶û˵ʾ̾Ͱ֪ͨʱ޸һ¡ʶһڳίϵǿƱԺѾҪվˣ飬ǡɸṩһᡣڣһԴ绰մ£ĶаһڴӦ
һϰ࣬ѩޱһ칫ҵţǹ㱨糿ȥġ
֮ĹϵǣһûкͶԷֻ̫˵һ漴Ҳڶɳ
ѩޱһ㱨˵糿ȥʱûмлǿˣֻ֣ͬɽӼǡԷ̬Ȼ㲻￪ȫ̽ˣʾһ֮ڣ쵽λ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺οص˵ͷ֮ǰۻȷģлǿȨԺ󣬷νĿǸʡ̩һĶֵϣίϾĻյĽ֪
һֱһΪлǿһ³ç֮ˣԶһҲ⡣
ԺһʵѩޱۿҪˣԤôˣ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬺˵ҾһˣʲôԤģǰ죬ɩһ绰ȥǹꡣҲãһˣҲһ𷴶һ㡣
һԷ⻰Ժ󣬲ŷղŵǾʻеĺĺ˼ĹĴǺϼԲӣ˼ұ͹¼ҹˣ˭Բȥ
һᣬѩޱվˡ
һص칫ԺФ֮ǰ˵飬æŴ飬û˵ѯʣ绰Է˹ȥ
绰˺һԺ󣬲ŴФ˵ιλ
ңһһŵ绰˵ô˯ǲְҹˣ
ФһԺӴЦ˵쵼Ӣѽʲô¶ķۣ˵ڻնףѽ
һЦ˵˵˵ʲôأҵҪʲô߰ģնΪѽ
ѧʱ򣬶ʮԣﾭἰ͵ʣһʶؾ뵽Ƕ緢¡
УУҸղűﲻл쵼´һע⣬ٷƵĴ󡣡Фڵ绰ͷЦ


һǧʮ ﱸ
һлԺФͽһһ㱨Ǿһʱæµһͷһжļһ˵ǰʱʡĳһºŽкӵļһ
˵ǰʱĺɽׯŻһٵģȻͰܳˣ˵ԷҪǲŵĻ׼ȥ͸¶˵ҲǸٵģȴ˵ˡ
ФϢԺ󣬾úһмʱΧкӵļһء
Ѿ˶ԷҾϵϿ򣬴ǰ쿪ʼФͰǶˡΪݶ콻кӵģǰʱմһŮѣԶԷƬߡ
Фڼ䣬Ǳ̩еĿԻǷǳģԷá
һϢҲǳˣѾкܳһʱˣĪƣ˭ưոݵġһüĿˣȻġһһ£Ф˵¾ͽˣҪϵǱ߰ĻֱӺϵһᣬҾʹ绰˵һ
У£ͷİɣֻҪ˵ͱܡФ˵
Ӻ̩Ѿкüˣһ飬ûи㶨һûУФǱһüĿˣԷҪǳֵĻȻ
һһ˵ˣ׼ʲôʱغ
Фһֻһ̩ٻͺӶûйФƷɵĻ˵ȥǸɹȥģ޶ȥġүô˵ҪԭΪФڹϵͳǸոչȥΪ˷ֹ⣬ҪѼ˴ȥϤһж֮ˣʱٿҲ١
ФһʻԺ˵ҺٻѾˣͲȥˣæʱ˵
һ⻰ԺһжԷ˵غȻΪ顣ȥˣԷ֮УȴһҲûб¶˾ֵܡ
˵лĻˣӲȥЩ飬Ҫ˵ˡͬʱҲֵΪۣҲΪԷʲô
һ˶Է䣬עⰲȫ֮Ļ͹Ҷ˵绰
ڶһ磬лǿ˰ѶʮԪ˹֣̾ϣһܾ̩е̨ĿһͣʾжʮͥʾǸ⡣
ڵķȻҪһĳ룬һҲ׼ּƽϡ˵ʵε飬лǿϣһѾȽˡҪΪӽأǴʱ򣬶Էǲô˵
ڶһ磬һͽӵϵĵ绰Էڵ绰濪ļˣһؿһֶθĻǾǰлǿӲöԷȥһˡ
һֻǺǺһЦû̫Ľ͡ʱϲĻģֻᰴԼ˼άȥ⡣
ϱʾһӦʱһҪͶԷúúһһݣܱĵϲá
һȻûĵشӦ
ϣһӵӵĵ绰ԷҲѯ飬ϵ춼ȴȻͬɷ򾿾ô£ԷϾǸʡĹӣˣ᲻ʲô󻼡
һӵĻԺ󣬱ľ˶Է
֣֪ԭôһʱҲûʲôõĵˡǻдȣһҲǴȥģ˵ĴҲ̩ίľԿﲻˬĻҲֲһϡ
һ˵ãҪʮңܻȥ
֣Դ˵ϰΪӺһʶʱԤϵҲûʲôԹġɷܻڣͺ֪ˣ˵ʮǶʮŻν
ٹҵ绰֮ʣ֣ͻȻ˵ѰӵӦꡣ
һӿеİָĸĸΪ˵ĸĸʱ֣ϲҰ֡裬Ϊ˻ȡЦԷ
֣˵кóʱûмˣһǳǻȥҲȥҴң˼ҪӦˣ꣬ǺúӦ졣
ϱȫһȻûʲô˵ˣһԺ˵Уš
֣æ˵æɣٹҺͰϵһ£Ȼ󣬵ʮԺ󣬺СһȥǶϡ
һѾһжƻˣû˵ʲô
һЩ޼˽Ժ󣬱ȺҶ˵绰
һбҪǰ͸ĸ˵һ˵£˽ⲻˡǲϲȥӼ˵ȥӦ죬ǴļңҲٹȥÿʵԭԲϰߣûƵģһǳΪ¸Ů鷳
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СʱͲ˵ˣо仰ȻţҲ˵ĸĸ̬ȣǾˤˣ»ˡŮǳԺĸȻĬĬעţǾ˵һ仰ǣŮٴڸĸԶǺӡǲŮΪʲôʱֻһʺһ绰ǿá
뵽ʱһ۽Ǿмʪ֮Уóֻĸ绰ǵʱѾˣΪ˲ŸĸϢٴ


һǧʮ 쵼Ķ
ӣһָֻյæµ֮ǰȣй֮޲ؽָܽᡢ㱨ƻͻı־ǻһߵļ¼һμᡣЩᵱɵľֻҪŶȥģľҪֳָʾģȻŸģҲǺǧҲ㹻˿ڸˡ
˿⣬һæµ飬ǾӦˡˣλ۲֮ģֻҪؿӶ쵼μӡ
룬һȻƴǡҲһһϲǾǱûʲôϵĲţҲҳԷȻ͸òŷֹ쵼棬Щŵĸʱ͵ص㣬ġ
һȻμ룬ȴֲòμӡڵطҪɳһɼƾŬǲģ߻Ҫһˣܸɵó顣
쵼쵼˼壬ָġǿһ˵һʮˡ
һÿ춼æͣΣһ飬˰š¶ʮ죬ûȥһ˺УФٻͶФӵ̩С֮ǰרŸФƷɴ˵绰ͨ˶ԷĹԺ˾ȥġ
֮ǰФİԺ󣬾ʹ⡣˼ڱæҲӦöԶԷ㹻ĹģǺֵܡ
Ф޶һıɣɳǰʱ򣬺Ǹжͳ绰һʾ˸лϵԷһҲĵشӦ
ϣһҲӵӵĵ绰֪ýڵڶȥӸĸӦ졣ԷʱһҪעⰲȫ֣һ͹Ҷ˵绰
һ֮ǰĸȥһ绰
ͺ㻹׼˵мѽѼѽģèģһв˵ҪǲȥǷҲˡӵⷬһ£ŴӦ
һֱʮ磬һûʲôˣԪһкӦȥˡ
֮ǰѾԪ˵ˣʮȥ㣬ԪǺܽģһļұϾ̩ȥҲ֮УȻö˵ʲô
һ뿪̩֮ǰû»ȥˣҪûʲôĻһϰࡣ˸ϰǰһi󣬾һϳؼȥˡһҪӦȥ꣬ǾͰѴ˸ºͻˡ˶ϲˣһôŻǷǳĵġ
һ۾ʱѾٽˣһΧźöˣ⸸ĸ⣬Сú÷Ҳڡ
лԣһԺæվк磬ˣŻѽ
һŶԷ˵ͷæĸʺã¶ӣСһþòˣе㲻ʶˣֻǰϹ
һΧһĵسһ緹Ժ󣬱һ𿴵ӡ죬ڡ
һ黷Ƶĸоƽʱæڹٹ˵Ϻ͸ĸ޶һ졣˱Ҫİݷá߶⣬ʹڼﲻȥˣúһ־ΥļͥΧ
ңʹߴŮؼȥˡһ˷ǳںϼԲȻǺŮҲǾ࣬ϾǱ˼ҵϱˣģȻҪȥŹš
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һ⻰Ժû𸴶Է۾ĸǴһϼҵϰףԺȶԼȻνֹĸ
һ֪лţҪǴĽǶȿġŮĸҵӣлԣҪӳʼܾҪæ߶ˣлһ죬ҲǴһ
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һ˵ˣǶлԣ˵УȥȥԺת塢̣ǹȥҪͼֺͣææģûǸҪ
лԣæ˵֪ˣ磬ټ
һֱлԣһ̬ȶǳӵĿ˽⵽˸缸ֿȭ˽ҪһҵʮͷѾǵؼеĳгʣġʡܴﵽ߶ȵģмأ
÷Ժ֣æȥˣ˵һЩˣϾһ׼㱾Ҫȥæģ֣ûã˵ѵõһжֻҪųֳɵľˡ
ȥæԺСëëڿϵһĻˣΪүүȣǺͰְԸΪϤһ㡣
ڶ죬һһٽʱ򣬵лļ
лǳ飬һΪ׼ҡ׼ĸѵùһ棬һԵʡѾȫӵ˸ʡίί֯¬Ĺϵˡ˵¬֮֯Ӧóʲôϵ˭׷ŹһʡίίùϵĻᡣ
һ쳣ģ֣лԣôȥˣһл鷿̸֮ǰаѶԷ¬˼ڼԷҲ޵Ҫ󣬱ˬشӦ˵ȡڹڼͰ¸㶨


һǧʮ ж
һǳʱ򣬴޶ȥķʳǡ׼ȥһĸԺֱӴӷʳǻ̩ˡ˵ĸǱߣǲõģʱСûᰲŵġ
챾׼úϢһµģ˭֪δԸӳϣ¬־һȵģһ־һݷúö¬ҹϵʡĴУɴʽΪ¬صĺ֮һˣһȻá
ϵĹϵȥݷһºҢ˵ΪɽʡĹϵҢ¬ߵúܽԷҲȫ¬ңԺĹϵҪһԼȥӪ
һպлһ¬һٷ־ƣɴл¬֮Ĺϵ
Ȼ࣬ɹǲġǿƽ뻴ĳƺûе󣬵¬ȴһǣԷϾųէô׶ΣҪǼʱյĻͲһˡ
һ־󣬶мֵԵҲС˶Է
֣֪ɷȽ࣬е˿һͶӸùϵ⼸ŬСһ֮ϵѾ׽࣬һ·ϣ˵˵ЦЦҲ⡣
һڷǳûжڶһ磬̩ˡСëëżң׼ٻӦ졣
һ·ϾͺФȡϵĲ˵ȽϳԷ⡣ģܶ෹궼ûпţ˵һҲɵģһܵȥԷɡ֮ǰФٻӹˣںմ⣬Ҳ֮С
Фӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬺ǿģ߶Էûʲô飬һݡ
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һǳıˣ죬ãֻĵȴżκ⣬һ״ݾߣø㡣
ϣһФȵԴӵ̩Ժǵһκô࣬ѩޱͬ˯һǴλҪࡣϴôܰѩޱͻؼȥ֧ŲסˣڶԷĴ˯ˣФͻؼҵġֻýκģͷȻģûˡ
һֱФľ£β֪ΪʲôǲãԷƺûʲôоѾͲҪ̯ȥˡ˺ܳһʱ䣬һûеԵʡ
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ٽ°֮ʣڳֻͻȻóһФĺ룬æ˽֪ʱ䣬Ф˲ܰİܰ⣬ʼ˶ںӼҸ׼ͷˣֶҪץ
Ȼ˵Ļ绰пʲôϢˣæ˽ȻȲؽڶߡ
绰ͨԺ󣬹ȻһϣФڵ绰˵ݿɿϢǸкӵļһڽصϵļС
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һֱФ֮û˴ϵǿǵΪˣһɾˣһ֪ǱȥʲôҲûУԵļȱգְȫ
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һԷĻԺ󣬵˵ͷΪȻöԷ飬ֻФļĸ֪Բ©ϢҪǽץкӵĲĻ뱣ܣǿɾˡһüͷ˵øô죬ܲھôװ׷Źɣ
һʻԺФ˵һһ£㿴죬вУ˵ֻӣڶ֮ǰȰűһ£ҪмĻǾҪһҲĻǾˣ취
Ф֮ԶأΪӰ켫ԲСĵĻпܰڲĹ־ŮܰܰǣȥҪĻЩĿܾͲˡ
ڲļ飬ϱûʲôҪͻƵĻ̾ǵҰһöĻǽʧȥƣʱԷٰеһϣǻĶȥѽ
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УҾΪɣһ˵һϸһ£Ӧöеӡɣ
У׼һ£һȥϵ顣Ф˵


һǧʮ Ǹ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһһ֧̣ϸϵ顣ʱȻ·ͻȻԶƣӡǱȽġ
ʼվöԷиڵ㣬ʲôһӻ˵⣬ǻתܵʱ·ƣڶԷͻбȽ̵ļġǼһӦһңƫݣǳ³Ժתۼ䣬Էܳȥ˺Զ漴ͣűߴ½ӦĦг
һ˺һԺ󣬾ûʲô©ˣŷФǿָȥָ϶ԷأҪһҲûеĻǿɲСǳФղ֮˵赭дģǲ̫ѹһĻӰжϡ
˵Ĵڽŵʱ޷侲ʱóĽʮа˾ǲȷġ
Ѿ׼úܳԺһ´绰ѻ׼ȥʱ򣬰ѻϣԷ֪ģڹؼʱ̣Ӧó
񵽰칫Ժһϵ˶Է
˵ȥץϴǸϮϰ˵ʱ˷ܡһֱΪǴεоΣʱҪҪǵĻǼһͶԲܵóѵġֲʱźȻĦȭơԾԾԡ
°ԺһͻһȥֺФϣȻһȥϵ
Ժһ·ߵС꣬ԳһԺ󣬾͸ϵλϵɽ·һСФᳵ·һͻ˶Ԫһ˼ҡڳϵʱһѾ֪ˣӱФñڼض306ңǾǺӺŮѵסݡ
ǵԺ渺صĿ׿æվ˵гФ֣ĿǰûղСſĳһ绰ĻϲӣӦòд
һ֪ԷеĳǺӵŮѣĳġԴӺкӸ㵽һԺ˻Ƕд뷨ҲǺҪҪԭ
׿ĻԺǸӵ̾һ֪ӳФߵúܽԶФ̫ԾھȻӳƺǸΪгǿеסˡ̩ǵؼѽȻôгѵҪѽ
׿ĻԺһФġ֮ǰõϢǶԷڶǸŮıƺҲӡ֤һ㡣Ф˵ǽҪվˣٺ٣
ʱ仹ۻФ׿̾СźСŮԣǼǼĳˡʼϰǹȥʱǳţеģȻ¾죬֪ǵԺ󣬲ŷֻҪҪɶģϰ嶼ûʲôĵģֻҪ̡źžˡ
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ФĻ˵״ǺõģҪڻصĻǲŽأʢģ϶ĳСĿռһǼֱ˹ӡ
һĻԺϵܵģһ̾ȷʵסҲѹֵ˵࣬Щӵʱ̬ȻԴֱһ㣬һԷ˼һҲ塢ܵľ޴ѹһͷš
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һֱҹʮһʱǱ߻Ǻ޶ȻҶźë£˿ǳźҹ棬ǾһϮٿ¥ϣһ͸ƽˡŮȻڿӣڿյ¶ȴ̫ˣ˿̾޷ˡ
һ£һõĳгⶳֱǱһŮȻڿյȣԿ
ФҲܵһ뷨תͷǺһЦȻ˵гˣǲǸоүĲˣҲûʲôҵķֹͬҪѧỻһǶȿ⣬Ǻǣ
һ⻰Ժһſ׿˵ҳԵ࣬˵ȥ̩ԷԺ󣬺úõݸ裬զҲúһ£ôҲóһ
һ⻰Ժ󣬴ҶЦʱ򻭱伢÷ֹҲġ
ͻȻԶ۲ŶСͻȻ˵λ쵼ĳһ绰Ҫȥˣ
⻰Ժڳ˶ˣæ絽˴ڴֻ洰͸һģӰŮӷߣϺץһһĶȥȷʵ׼ŵӡ


һǧʮ ɹֱ
Ф֣㿴⣿׿Ф
ڳ˵У˵һְߣԷϾûʲôƷľ飬Կ׿ֱФʾ
Ф˵СźСȥһҪע⣬ԷǴߵģǾ͸ȥԷҪûг˳Ǳþˡ
ФĻ䣬񿪿˵Ф֣Ҳȥ
Ф֪֣Ҫ˵СźСˣǷ̩й۵Ļܳҵ˿¶ࡣڶԷȻӧǾ˵һ׼һ֮ģһĻȻûɾܾˡ
Ż˵ͷԺ˵ȥĻСžɣСһҪסҸղ˵ĻĳͽǰеĻǾͲҪֱӻصͿˡ
ФĻԺ󣬻СӦһֱӳˡ¥ϵǸŮѾ׼¥ˣǵȻˡ
뿪ԺһʵղŹǣԷҪǲеĻΪʲôͲأһ
һˣ׿СҲ˹ǶڸղФֵҪҲе벻ףеԭ
ФһۣǺЦǾôˣмҲأŮȥõ꿪𣿡
һ⻰Ժϸ룬ȷʵеʱ䣬ֵڣסʱͲߣʱȥĻ˵ע⣬ȻǺϣĽܾФ˵Ļеһ˲ͬ˵һԷ뷴֮أ
Ф˵ܣҪǹ˵ĻŮղžͲѿյˣ뿪ʱҲûйرգҿ÷ǳ뿴ӾǳŮ˲ŻģСʤ»ѽٺ٣
ԺһФ˼ˡŶһ͵ʲôʵʱĳȥʲôأ
Фһ˵ܣһղ˵ģ׼֮ҶǣĳߵĻһҪϵԭ򣻵ڶ̽Ȼ÷ѹԲǺܷģŮѳ̽
ФĽԺڳȫˡղŵǸƵǰֵܳǵˣȷʵ˹Ŀ࿴һ벻ôФȻ˶ѸٵӦ磬˴µְҵһҲ̹Ȼˡ
ԼңӻС뿪ԺСžһֱűߡֳķԺ֪˼пʱΪ˲ڸ̫ĶԾе
ŴԺ󣬽ֻСһˣѯʣ㿪˵ֳǸĳ˵ģͽǰߵģƸһ㱨Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ĸں档˵ǷģԲᱩ¶ġ
⻰ԺһˣҲФ˼ôǲΪ˱֤һʧ뵽Ժ˵İɣ˵û£Ӧû£ڲɹֱӦòզ˵ġ
ĻԺ󣬳Фȫסˣǿ׿֮ǰһ˹е㲻ΪȻеƲǵ˼Фֶûбʾ飬Ȼֲˡһһ˵ȻɹֱҲǴӲתҵģȻֱ֪ζʲôѹ˼ţ棬ȷʵֵţʱ
뵽Ժ󣬿׿͵һ⣬ǰгʲôͷ˾Ȼֱġɲ˭ҾҵģǳгҲ⣬Фֺúһ¡˵ФֺλгˣԷӺֱӸ㵽ֱ̩γ񸱾ֳ֧ȣ붼զࡣ
һ벻һ仰Ȼǵÿ׿ô룬ǳ֮⡣
ʱһһĹȥˣڳ˶о˼ֽ֮⡣֮ǰô׼ڵռµʱʲôĻǿɾ̫ˡ
ڵʮа˾žϴθһ֮һĻԲءһѾ˸¥ŮѳתһȦȷû˶Ժų֡Ҫ˵ûĻôأһͨ˱˵᲻㣬붼һõ
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˽ȴ֮ʣͻȻٴСŴԺ󣬻˽˵˵Ů˻ȥˣǸеľſڻأҪϸ治һó
ĻԺФһ֮ǰһȻ˵ֱĳһͨŮȻܷĶڰĺӡһ̽Ȼһ׶ԷĽɫ¶Է벶ȸںĻļƻɾʧˡ
ڻȻ˶ԷĶ֮ǾһûˡȻ֪ĶȻûб¶ԼĿˣһĻԷһʲôˣʣµͺðˡ
Ļ䣬ԶӵСͳС˵ĳˣѾߵ¥ȥˡ
⻰Ժڳ˵񾭶׿ФʾФ֣Ҵȥǡ
Ф⻰Ժһ˵ٵȵȣһǳСģǵСһ㣬Ҫ˵ĻԺ׽ĻͷѾˡ


һǧʮһ ͹ȥ
Ф۵㣬˶ͬģͨŮѸһ飬ͿԿһﻹеͷԵģһ߷ھ참ַˣҪ˹ĻԺǿɾˡ
ΪȷɷݣԶһϡԶ۽ŻָλãȻиſǶ£Ҫ뿴ԷĻȻǲܵġ
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һĻФ˵ͷһѾ˵֮ˣһ˵Ժֻȷ˶ѡ
ӽ뵽306Ժ󣬿ͷĵȫϨˣһȻ
Ժ󣬿׿ʵФ֣Ǹô죬ʱҪӲȥĻƺװɣ
ʱѾʮˣҪƭԷŵĻȻǲ̫ܵģʱŶĻȻҲǲ̫ʵġԿ׿Żдһʡ
Ф󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵ʱô˯£˵ɣ
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̩ԺȻ˲飬Ҳûֱӵ˭Ҫ˵ʱĻǾΪʳж飬лǿݺһͨǷǰе㲻Ҫˡ
˯ڴ˺һᣬһҲûԲȥˣֻҪкӵ£һоӭжˡﻹмڴ֪˭ȥкӵģյ̩ʱ͵һ֮便ûϵЩ֪ġ
һһ磬һ칫Ժ󣬵һǺФϵ˽Ǳߵ
һڵ绰˵306棬ûʲôоԺ׼ȡǿѾϵȡϵǱߺܿͻ˹һǾ׼ȡжˡ
⻰Ժһæ˵ȻᣬҾȥȥԺ󣬺óʱ䶼û˯ţһеĲ¡
ʱФʵ
һ˿̵飬Ϊг⣬ҪֱӲĻֹ𲻱Ҫ鷳ڣһļԺжǺƵġԶΪĻ˵⣬ĻɾͲˡ
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ФһҪҲͲٶ˵ʲôˣڵ绰ͷ˵Уھ͹ɣǵԺٶ֡
У͹˵⻰ԺһҶ˵绰֪ͨȥϵ
ϳԺ󣬻ʲôҲûʣȻѾϰҪȥϵȻΪ顣Ǳߵ黹ûأҲ֮УǸкӵķôľŻصУһûء뵽Ժ󣬻ʶذҽ²ȥɣɵٶˣֱǰȥ
һֳԺ󣬼˼İףӦϵֵˣͷһ̴ĸӳФ̬Ⱥǹ͵ؼһһµĵֳ΢΢һ㶣ҲתˣΪоذӵģǰ참ʱһ㶼¡˻е㲻ΪȻڿذӵ˶ˣﲻɵֶ˼֮С
ФһԺ󣬾Ͱ쵼ӵķ棬һ㱨һֱڣǼ˶ûгûǸŮҲûг׼ȡʩ׼ԲˮΪڽпţȻʵʩץ
ԷⷬţһȻûʲô˵ģҪͼ̤ʵûҪʩ˼ͨ飬ڰ참ⷽ棬Фרңֻöţ۾žˡ
һȶԷ˵Ժ󣬿˵㲻ҪңҾһֵģô컹ô죬һҪ󣬾һץʱ׼ҵֳһФֳָӵķɡ
Уû⣬гĿǰûе󸹱㡢жٻĳ̶ȣ˵־ǲжûκ⡣ФҲЦ
˽м򵥵ؽԺФ͵˿ڳԱ˷ֹ˭ţ˭ץˣ˭¥ݿڷأ˭ȥɢȺڣŵþһһ߿ȷʵܸһжҪһԵģΪФһɾĻĳɼһԷ
Фһж׵Ժ󣬾кҳˡ¥֮ǰεسŻһɫȻֳһŬŬ죬˼û񱣻һİȫ


һǧʮ 쳣ٶ
ʱͬգһ͵Ǹѧçײ겻ͬնˡʱҡĻǶǲϣÿκκһ̩еĳгҪǳµĻԲ˶ߣŶҪںܵǣФòضԴ
ԼһԺе׼ˣФһ֣ˡǰ棬һФͻС۲¥ϵĶֹڼ䣬ǱʲôҲ֪һ
˶¥Ժ󣬴Ҿ׼ȲúõķֹжˡФ˿ֱ׼ôҶ֣´ֻͻȻҵóһȻСĵ绰æһ֣ʾͣжæߵһȥӵ绰ʱҪ쳣ĻСԲ绰ġ
绰ͨԺ󣬹ȻФһСֶ306жˣǸŮˣʰһԺ󣬺׼˼Ժ󣬾ͼʱ쵼˻㱨
СѾԷ׼ˣʱٳȥĻȻˡФ˼˵˵ˣΣ
ʱ򣬾ϰǵӡ󲢲̫ãִĹУǵıֻǷǳģƽʱѵǷֲġڳФԺǽǴӣһҲڻʾ£㵽һߡ
ФߵĿ׿СŶ䣬˵˵ͷ󣬾¥ݿڱȥֱߡһһĻﲻм˷֮УǰЩڵӾܶ࣬ǴӡͷһأֻͨͨģȻӿࡣ
˴ԼңȻ¥ϴŮʿĸ߸ЬûһǺӵŮѳĳ¥ˣһˣ۾ţſ׿Сţ뿴һĶ
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Ů˲䱻ˣһмʧ֮Уڴеʵڲһ£תһ룬Ҳ硣ֻһͨŮѵ㻹ָָһ;һĽʵеץݵӰߵӾ硣
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ŮȥԺФһ׿һŮѵĿԲкӵȷʵթһҲ˵֪±ȽϴŮҲûиߣµľ©˷Ҫ鷳
ŮˣһŮţǽȥֱץһãŮȥͬҲͺϵӷԣһʱŻץ
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һٴνҪµĿɲ֮ǰŮӣһƻﷸ֮ͨǰıһһһ߷ҪǳĻôĵӣҲôϵҹˣȻ㷴һףҲǣŮѲŸոճ͸˳ǲ¥µĶݾԾһеġ
һФڳ˸оɻǣǵ˺óʱҲӴ¥߳ȥˡֵһᣬФˣߵһȥ¥ϼ۲Сһ绰ô£ǻȻˣôôʱ仹ûأ
һṦФ绰ˡһС˵Сȷˡ
⻰Ժڳ˵ﶼһ˼ȻӼȴû¥ݿڳ֣е˷ѽˡ˼ԺФڳ˵׿С£˺һǽǣԵĳȥûҵ˭ж˵ԺФſ׿Сʹһɫ¥ڴߣֻҪһǰץ
һ״СضФ˵ûҲɣһʲôĻҲȥæ
Ф󣬵˵ͷȻعͷС˻䣬ǽǳصȥˡ
һФһ񳵣˵ע⣬ФĳǾõģֻͨĳȥԺһʵô죬Է᲻
Ф룬˵ųܣҾֵĿԲ󣬱ϾǸղŵĶᣬ¥棬Ӧòܷ֡ôҪǷֹŮѻʱǸ٣Żܡ
һФⷬԺ󣬾úмֵĻ޷ͺӼȻӼˣΪʲôôʱ䶼ûг¥ݿڡһСĽһ;˶꽻Ĺ߷ҪȻûһһ׷ֶΡ


һǧʮ ħһߵһ
һһ飬ҪȻĻôСĽأФն˵
ӦоݵģԷһһ£ԲСĽġΪǼ飬۴ĸǶ˵û̫⣬ʹ˵ľٶ
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ڸµԴҵ񾭶û֮ǰôˣһͳһ֧ݸФФûнӣһĶ˵һòҪ̣˵˵èĶעΧĶأǻһΪ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲͵ȷʵô¡ҪǶԷĳ棬ﲻͣð̣Ȼܹóһˡڿһ磬˭û´ڳأϵԼһ룬Ǻеһ򽻵ҪѧῪԽһҪ˼ܣĻױҵ
ֹ˴ԼʮӣФеǲŮʿֻ͵ؾǸղű׽סǸŮģФͰ˹ҵ״̬ȵľǺӵĵ绰ֻĻϳֵġϹŵһǰҲһ
绰Ժһ϶ФղŵĲ²ǰٷ֮ٵȷӸղŵǸΪŮѱץĶԺģͲٴ绰ˡŮѳȥҲһˣ˵ӦûˣȴһֱûпԷӰе㲻ģԲŻһ绰
Фκε绰ţûйҶϣҲûнһңϵĵ绰°ӣӵĵ绰ִˣФ編ơڶԺФϵع˻
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Ф⻰Ժ󣬿˵ҾҪŻšֻ߳ǲа취ԸĻҵֵĻᡣ⣬Ҫ룬һġ˵⻰ͬʱǲŮʿֻ£·¶˾Ƶġ
һ䲻ФģĿǰԣǳ⣬ƺҲҲõİ취ˣֻܺǸкӵļһţ˭ܺĵù˭
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ҲһȥģĲУԱûʲôġһ˵֪Ф˼ݣе㲻ģڳϲȥĻǻð˱
Фһ˵ˣҲö˵ʲôˣ߰Ѱγǹߵ˵Һ棡
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ФԺ󣬵ſ׿˵ˣԼ漴Ҳ¥ȥ
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ЦЦȻ˵ллФֵĿ佱ѧ˺ܶණϣлѧϰѧϰ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵ѽҪҿ㣬ٹ꣬Ҿ˸ФֳɣɲܸҶѽ


һǧʮ Խ
⻰Ժ󣬻æ˵ϰ壬ҲǸ˼ҵ˼˵
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ߵѾˣһȻûٴıҪˣȫӸһȥˡФһֻҪϢ绰ȥġһһڶԷļ£ʾ֮⣬ȻʹŻ뿪ˡ
ԺФ绰һǸкӵѾϴںɽׯĳӶȷʵΪȴһŲʡ
һ󣬲ɵüͷһ£ŵ绰ѹʵû˭ʹģ
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֪ͬĶһĵʵ
Ф˵ֻ˵ԷȥϱߣȥĶҲ֪
һ֪£ԷԲ˵ʲôмֵĶģФһҲˣ򲻻绰ġ뵽ԺԶԷ˵У֪ˣ㿴ŰɣֻҪΥطɷ棬ôô졣
ФԷΣﲻмָж֮⣬ڵ绰ͷ˵У֪ˣϮ쵼һ͹úúһģ취һҪСӿͳɻҪȻҲԲô׽ס
УһʲôҪҳģֻܿڡһɴ˵
Ф󣬻شãٸ绰
µ绰Ժһ˳˼鱳һʲô飬кӵļһزʶԷԲôԸġµĿǰΪֹǺͷô죬Ҳûףڹܰ棬еԼļ⡣
ĿǰΪֹһʼվѩޱ͹÷ûн¶гԶԷȻʱ˵һв˵ɣûҪѯʡĿǰƣƺ˼ȴȥˣҸúúѩޱһ顣ȻҪѰҵһʵĻᣬֱſѯʣĻԷΣҲΡ
һ뷨ڶʱ֮ûܹʵ֣Ӷ飬Ĳ
ڶһ磬ͽӵԪĵ绰˵֮һȥ˵Ҫһ΢΢һû˵ʲô飬ôһ֪ͨȥôջǵġ
һԪίǵİ칫Ժ֮ƤɳվǰԵʾ˵ĻӭڻɳԺ󣬺ѧİԺ˳ȥ֪ϰλȻˡ
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֮ŵԺһԪһۡǶϢҲ׼ȥʱʹԪΪ˻سһһٴҲûʲôóԾˡ
Ԫ֮ʵǣʱûжأʡûʲôԣ
ҵû˵ȵ칫巢ĵʱٿ֮˵һ£ЩóģҪ׼ѽõʱ򱻶
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ֱ֮ͨԷ֣ʾղǸͬͬʱҲмͬ۹õ˼
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󣬵˵ͷ˾˴ȥ
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һǧʮ ϰ㱨
һŨԺСضԻ˵˵ҪҪǰ˵Ǽϰ壬һѾ֪ˣϰҪǴӱĵطϢĻ˿ɾͱˡ
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˵⻰Ժ¼һûκαʾֻǾǣȥú档
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ֳ֮ʣһͻȻס˶Է˵ˣ£ȴ绰裬ҽе飬ʱͲǱȥˣǿ٣һעͰȫ˵ҵ˼


һǧʮ 
⻰Ժæ˵ͷϰûԸˣţԼİ칫ȥ
һղ֮´绰Ͱȫ⣬ΪҪѸո֪ôףҪһʱ䣬һĻʱû취ȥˣҲһӰɡ
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һһеˡȻʮа˾лǿ֣ͬɸģһҪͨ¥˰æĻϢԲᴫ֮ġ
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һǧʮ ׬
һýҪĻעӦ÷ڿƼɲϣ˷ղŵķ
ױлǿסټǳ򵥣ҴлܵõٵĺôΪҪǣλиʡĹӴϹϵǺε˵飬Ȼֵһ
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һô׬Щ˾бҪȥһһĻҥԾ˵ƶ£ѸӿȥճĽ
ȥԺһ⣬һҪЩʼٸ߸ۣѣҲһҪ׻˵úã£ֻˣھҪȥһˣѲĻЩһһ̫ع⡣
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Ժϣ̩ƺ·һҾƵ棬ǳһ̡
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Ȫ׼ˣǰ濪˵˵ƣ˵֮ǰ黹ʲôأڵĵ֮һеİ취ȡͷ֮ǰĨƽǾû
˵ɣ㵹˵ôܰĨƽȪû˵
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ᣬԸͶԷ˺ҲǾʱԣھһϵƣû˻ûţﶷĵ
ϵղ̫ԾæԲ˾˾پƱ˵λϸαضأӦͬŶԣһڣܹа취ġڲǻûҵǧѽ
˸һȪ͹嶼еͬʱϵľƱ£Ȼһڡ˻к˺üӲˣͣ
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˸ԵԺİʱŵɫԵúǹ졣
һԺһȻ󿪿˵λϸ磬ڵѽᣬûôЩ飬ʶޣ֪ô죬λϸͽ̡


һǧʮ 
λȣȷʵᣬһ࣬Ҳʮͷӡ⻰һ˵λͲ̫ѣĻǵڳԼ͸һûʲôʶƺŲǸΡҲǿһ㣬Բô˵ġ
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⻰˵ȥղŵһǳ˵ģʵԵȴȪһˡһ˾ڲ飬ȻǴиǱ֣ԹؼͿȪܲܿסˡܿס˶û£סĻôһ군⻰ڽеѹеȪһ˵ϣбŶԷ̬˼
˵£ҲǲѶΪ֮ȷʵе㲻̫صⲻǷͰȪڻϿ͸һڱ͵
岻صȪȻҲǳԸɷģôиۺϿƳλϻ˼ˣᱻԷͺƹȥġ
˶ԷʻԺûֱӿڣǵһᣬ͵˵λҾ鵽ⲽأǲӦú֣ϵһ£ϸ˵ֻӣܲʹߡһҲϣ±Էɣ˵أ
Ȫƻľνõø֮ԼӾ߳Ҳٳһ辶˶ԣһǲ飬˾Բܾġ
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һԺ󣬾ϰԺһ֣ͬɡһȾơԷɶǰݶԷ͡ǰҪ֣ͬɷֱҵǣȻǾһ֮ĹϵҲӦúͬڴ¥ϰһʶûκν飬ҲǵͷѣĶڱ˴֮䣬˵빲
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ԷԣһĶסľۼڳ⳵˴ϵʱ˵ﻹһҲûС˵ǰ˵ʱǸ֣ܰǵܴģˣǵﻹеûף֣ܺܲܰǰ°ƽҪǰڲƽĻָӦأ
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飬ҪǲƽϵĻûʲô̫⣻ҪϸߵĻǿɾǷ̰ҪһĻ˵ְ񣬾͹ְǱסȴǵĽڵԸһʡ˫Ҫ׷Ρ
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ҪٽأϰҪȴļпǵյˡˣʱҲֻάһ֧ƽ⣬Ҫ֪ǰ󣬶ڴԣǿǮĻƽ𼾽ڡֻάһ֧ƽ⣬һ£ҪǹʱĻǸôأǻһ˵á


һǧʮһ Ѱ
ȥԺ֣ͬһֱıҪһ˭֪˵ˣһĳƵʱһѩޱһͬ˵ЦƵȥæ׼Ƴŵ֣ڴСʱԺ³ȥԷĹУ֣ͬɶеĲɵĸо˴һк뿪ˡ
֣ͬԺ绰лǿȵ绰ͨԺȲذԼ뷨˵˳лǿҲܸˣָʾȥ飬˵бҪĻֱӳһҪһͷ֣ͬԺǿģϴε鷢Ժлǿһһ֮ǣֻҪܸ㵽Էֵ֧ġ
֣ͬɺлǿԺ󣬾ͿʵʩˡȻԳ棬һϸ˼Ժ۲ľеߣĽ˶ԷһȻöԷרȥˡ
۲Ĺͦģһʱ䣬Ϊ֣ͬɫ󣬷ֱиۺϿƳȪίƸƳ壬мίŷҸθλڸڵĲһӰֲ̫֣ȫ֣ͬɵҪ
˳ٷԺ֣ͬ˵Ҫʼһ˼ɣ֣ͬ˵˻һϰлǿݣǲ¶˾ġУҲһǾǼһлǿĻеûס
֣֪ͬ˼ҵĻȻ˵úת˼ŲҲ͵ͷӦ
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̩лܾšܾҡơ֮ǰлǿİ칫ҹҡ³ҡƵģ͸¶һ˼ͱԷ䲻ȵض˻ûҪҪӣҲͰˣûһ硣
֣ͬɵİ칫䣬öԷǲͶⲻõ뷨ԲŹѰ칫ҰġҸһʣһֱûѰҵʵʱ


һǧʮ ܴ
ƿԺ󣬼֣ͬһڰ칫ǰļ;һ񺮡ÿһĻʱԺܻḡֳĹһϻҪӣҪƷǶԷԼǹ֮£ƫƫװһ˾ӵģҪжᡣ
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ȳվԺ֣ͬ˶ִļƿȻƷǳشڶԷȹڴȻ˽ȥ˿ȣž˾Ϊ֮һ𣬸˵ȥˡ
ԴӰѳ񽵷Ժ֣ͬɾϲԷվߣִȹڴȥϣȻĸŮȲı仯ǽӲģȻ΢΢һ˿ȫɣʩΪʱᴫһ˻ǵʱ֣ͬгɾ͸еʱ
Ҳһ֣ͬɵֲĦһᣬ͸оԷĺˡ֣֪ͬŮ˵ĺѸߣԱȽ׼һҪ׽ⴺһȡ
Դӵһ⽫ŮɶԺ˵ʲôҲԸ칫£֣ͬһ취ҲûУǿȲã˵ǿŤĹϲڸµʱ
Ů˵ĺأ֣ͬɸ׼úʩչһȭţͻȻŮǡǲܽȥ̸֣飬ǡ
֣ͬɾ֪סԷǸأĻԲʱ˵ġŮҲˣϳ֮ǰûٺڰ칫⹴һ£Բô˵ġ
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֣ͬɵָոշŻصļ߾ʹ˻ǶģҪȻһֱŽˣš֣ͬɳų˻֣ȥȻųǲˬغ
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֮ǰ֣ͬɻԹģԺæվЦǺǵ˵˵һϲȵ֦ͷˣԭϲµλ쵼ҹ٣ͬʧԶӭλҪ֡˵⻰ͬʱس
֣ͬ˵ﻹͦĵġ
Ȫһǰ棬֣ͬ˸ӣЩˬ֮ҲܷϣҲȥ׼ͶԷһա쵽һʱ͵һ⣬ǾǶԷǲǸɾ
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ʶʱȪĻδе̫Էˡ˽ɲʦģԷԮġҪôĻԷ׷ˣǿɾˡȪһɣջһģǰȥͶԷһﰵϣղ֣ͬɲָֻµģ˵벻ǣ޴ӵ֪ˡ
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֣ͬɵİ칫˴ԼһСʱң췢ϸԷһ㱨
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͸׼ѻ˵ôȪȻѾˣǵȻܼԷ񶨣Է˵ҲΪ˺ãҪɵĻɾе̫صˣȺԸȪ
֣֮ͬǰ˵˵Ժͺǲˬûκ飬ھȻҲ顣ʶضǰͷ˲ֻΪչǵӲûз벻ǾвҲе̫˵ȥˡҪٲ˵ʲôΪǿˣǿ֣ҲԸ⿴
Ժ֣ͬɰһ̣˵λ쵼һܵ׼ʦģƸղŵǻ棬֣ͬʹǸʲôΥĹƵģȻĻֱȥֱɣʲôҪǲʶĵĻҿ˰ȥߣ
֣ͬ룬֮ǰǿͿģΪǰæˣȻָֻܵŵģΪǳԸɷˡʮͳˣ˵ǣǸģҼöȥˣʰ÷ģĶⷬټļҵ
֣ͬɵĻＫѺãﶼǲˬδҲ̫һ㣬ǰһӣһӣͱɫһƴˡﲻˬȴܷϣҪĻ˫ɾ뽩ˣǿûаôġ


һǧʮ йŭ
æһԲ˵֣ܣᣬǽæģ˭Ҳû뵽¾˰죬İ취ҲˣΪ˷ֹ⣬ԽŵܱܵģҪ㶨СӦòѴ֮
˵󣬲źۼ˶Էһƨǧ򴩣ƨ
֣ͬǰƽʱ۸ڶҪʵûУԲܵġղŵǷҲֻǷйһеŭԶԷ˺²̸һھһͱ˵ļƣȻҪԻˡڹȻڴкˣҲû˼ˡ
֣ͬɵ֪һѾڲˣҲûʲôסλгǼʶģҪöԷ鵽ڱĻǵȴǵĽʲôﻹеûס
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˸ղȪĽѵ⻰˵÷ǳתǵ֣ͬɲˣֱӣĻֵ÷һˡ
֣ͬҪ˴ߣΪ˺лǿϵҪ飬лǿ̩أֻһ㲻ôĻ֣ͬɴ绰ϵ
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ģǹۿ˵͵ļһǰµʱһһ治Ƕ´ΣҪзϵʱӾԲ˶ߣ˳⳵ԺȪŭ
⻰Ժæ˵ƣ˵䡣˵߳һߵĳ⳵˾ŬŬ졣
Ȫ󣬴ӱǿغһһܲΪȻӡ
˺һᣬҲе㰴Ͳסˣڶ˵˵ղŻ᲻ǣ˵˾ˣĻǳǵˣ
Ļ䣬Ȫŭ˵ңҪĻҾȥСǶľȫ˵ûţҲҪǵ汳ģ
˵ĶԻԺǲǼֱͷڳ⳵ϣŵеѽ
ôţȴûпڡȪ˿ͷأڻҩͰһһţǲҪȥΪһ˵ܺĻֻ˾֪ණ
ȪԺ󣬳ͷһڶҲ㲻ٿˡһϲ嶯ˣĻҲڻȥʧ̬Ҫ֮ǰ֣ͬòᡣ
ԷղŵֱӴʵʲҪлǿôˣϾԷΪʡĹӣǾ߱Ǹʵġ֣ͬǸʲôǸǮС˶ѣȻĶԴƳʵǿ벻̡Ҫٲйһ£һԼ޷ܣһҲᱻ͸СǸ̵ġ
⳵ھίиſʮҵľͣҪġôĿǣǲ뱻˿һ뱻˿˴һ˿Ǵ򳵹Ϊڵ첻Ҳݵġ


һǧʮ 
공ǮԺ˸׼̧ǰߣͻȻһתȥǽں⻰ͬʱҲ⣬æĶתȥŹ·ȪǰһôˣתѾˣһĴѾǰʻ˹ȥ
һ׼Ű£ǰ˴ӳ⳵شһۣΪ˵ĴſǴ¥ĹԱʱϰʱ䣬ôһ򳵹أҪɵĻʮа˾ӦгûУ򳵵ĻҲӦõſѽ
ھúǺ֮ʣ͵ؼѸתȥһ˿ʱҲһĽ֮ɫ͸˾ûˡ
񣬿㣡˵⻰ͬʱȥ
¼æ˵ףôܵһȥģӦѽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬿ʵʶǣҿһǸۺϿƵĺʲôģǰɣ
Ȫϰ壬ۺϿƵĿƳ»شһίƵĸƳ壬һǼί·ʽĸθ֣ôߵһȥģ
һ⻰ԺûٿڣĺһɣĿ
һ磬ѩޱڰ칫ﶼģıֵΪ֮ǰǸϢѾǼǰˣԣвСӰ죬ûеĵزֻһҥԶѣΪŮ֮йأټ漰һ쵼ԴٶȲŻ֮졣
Ϣʱѩޱܲתһ룬ҲûʲôˣļٲˣͬٵҲ治ˡ˵һ֮ûйϵйϵΣĿǰ˭Ϊ飬һŮô
ѩޱ˿˲ԭΪϰʱͽӵһĵ绰Է˵Էеͼ˵Է˵Ȼƴǣʱڵ绰һڴӦ
ӦԺе㷸ˣ֪һһ˵ʱɣǾ͸ٵӴԿηѽԷƫƫʱԼԷ̸£һϵʱе벻ˡ
ѩޱ֪һôͼԷ˵ǳгֻ塢ѣ¶ԷΪ£ͷһʲôǵľٶ˵йϵҾƫƫйϵӳô
ѩޱԸ⿴ģԷ;Ǵ֮ʣɲΪƫ˹ĻǵòʧˣҲΪ˸оΡ
ѩޱҪҸ˴̽һһΪ飬һӻ治֪˭ȥòƾûܸҪĴ𰸣Ȼһ˳⡣ڵôȥһأڣҲ֪ôڡ
ٽ°ʱѩޱģ˿̣͵뵽һ⣬Է֮ǰֻԼһԸ˵Ҫ̸û˵ʱ͵ص㣬ǲҪ绰ȥһأ
뵽ʱѩޱֲˣֻ߬֪ǺáʱֻཱུһжŽˡֻһȻһģдšţŵ꣬ߵ㡱ϢԺѩޱﲻмϲһԷԷĵط벻أ
ѩޱԼ㲻һһʲô̬ȡԴǸϢԺȷʵ˵ΪʲôҲ˵һַǳί뷨ҪͶԷʲôԸ˵Ҳȥ˵ˣʲôҲûУȴҽͷӣⲻ֮λ޴
ڰ칫ҴһԺѩޱ͵طֲⵢȥˡûؼױһ£ɲöԷ״̬ѳˣĻûʲô͡ԼĽͣǲΪ˭Ҳ֪¾ԼҲδˡϻ˵ģŮüݣܸΪǡһ㡣
һ°Ժûлؼңڰ칫һԺ󣬿ʱˣֱȥ˰ڴڸչٴѧڼЩ͵Ӧòһе㵣ȥûλãѵ˼ҳԶٷĻԿ
˰Ժһŷ֣ĵĻ治ǶģֻʣһˡȻǽǵλãȴһҲ⣬ûע⣬˽ԺóֻѲ뷢ѩޱöԷԺӡ
ѩޱ˿ڼ￼Ǵļ·ʣһҲżյ׼ʱ仹硣ֻཱུһʱʶ뵽һĶţֻһȻˡֻ϶ԷĲʱе㲻ˣ˼Ѿˣڼûأеˡ
ʶԺѩޱæ֮ǰǼɫ޷תȥˣ¥²ŷ֣Χˣ뻹ˣϺͲпյġ
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һЦ˵˵Сʱ⣬쵼쵼ģ˵ҲûгٵҪǵѧż٣ֹæԾˡ㻹˵ҪһĻֻкЩһˡ˵ʱ򣬳վһߵȺĺüŬŬ졣


һǧʮ һ
ѩޱתͷȥſڿȷʵˣſкüŮǵأԷͶĽѵĿ⡣ŮС죬ܲĵӣվһߵкæؽͻǵǸһҲģ
һĻѩޱǿģΪҪŶӣǰȷʵ㹻ϸġгǿʵʵڵ쵼ȻܿǵЩϸ֦ĩڣʵ˹Ŀ࿴
Ȼܶ࣬һһͰѳԵĶˣѩޱԺ½½ͶˡѩޱһϴεЩԷģЩˣһжΪ˷ֹԷʲôæͷר־ضԸǰЩʳ
ѩޱһԼΪԶٷô򵥣һҪ˵ȻˣҲżŵȻԷͻῪڵģҪӣ֮֮ûҪԼ
һѩޱԵҲͷˣе㵣ģΪǼͶԷʲôӰ죬ǾͲϣľˡ֮԰ѶԷԼڼѩޱı֣Ҳûʲôõĵˡ
˳һԺһѵ棬ǰĸ߽ű˵ѩޱҾһֵ಻㣬ҽʾһǸ⣬ϣ㲻Ҫ̫⡣Ѿڲˣ֮ڣӦþͻнˡ
ѩޱ֪һҪ˵벻ԷȻ˵һ⻹еж˵ԷҲܺߣǸʵе̫ɶˡ뵽Ժѩޱæ˵Сһһ˵ҿɳе¶һЩĵ˸ģûаϵǸǸҿɲܽܡ
ѩޱƺԷΪгģȷʵе㲻̫ʣ⣬ԷղѾƺΪѩޱˣҪٽгĻҲԵе㲻ײģǱƳһһһƺԷ⻰˵Ժֻͷ¹ײϺģͷҿһ
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ŶԷһ˵ѩޱҸղŵ˼ûжȻէһҲûʲôϵԷȻǳˣֻǸҺֶѣģһ´ãϴˢⲻ֮ԩ
һⷬԺѩޱ˶Էе˼Է֣µԷȻΪһͣıжˡû˿ɣϵ̧ͷһ˵һлл㣡¸ճʱȷʵ߰ģȵԼֵ㣬ҵûʲô쳤˼ϣԸ˵˭а취ûбҪ̫ϵġ
һѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬲Ȼ֮УԷԷ׼οһô÷ˣ⻹еֲֻ㶵ؿŶԷ֪˵ʲôá
ѩޱԷɵɵؿ֪ʲô£ʶΪԼʲôԣæͷǰȥһŷĶĿյ¶ͦߣΪ˷ֹһȥ䣬޷ȥˡֻһղһǰñȽڶһӦʲôˣѹʧǣɫ뵽Ժ˵㿴ʲôأɫǣ
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һԩæڽ͵ѩޱҸղûпǡǶ롭
ѽ˵ˣô˵ˣѩޱ˵⣬һţֽվСȥ
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һͷոȥͻȻһϤӰſ˽һǲ˭ߵͮŮߵĴǰߣߴߴʲôȥǿġ
һ״æͷȻĹ۲ԷĶ߰˴ӵһﰵңҪȥĻǿɾ鷳ˣһһᱩ¶ɵġҪǱ迴ѩޱһǻеΡ
֮ǰѾ¾СͶԷһˣ˹ȥͶûѽҿ
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ѩޱʱһ˲ȥǰΰɽˣͷԺȡѩޱ״Ϊλղ˵е㲻˼ˣһЦҲʼʳˡ


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һᣬһ˶ԵòˣС˵ѩޱ˰ɣ߰ɣ
ѩޱԷӣúǹ죬׼뿪ҲòôСɣǳԷɲѽɻǳһ˵ͷ
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ѩޱ˼ɴﰵƵòѽףѽҪ䣬ˣҲûбҪôС˵ѽû˵ڼܴ˵ѽòǷţ༰ɣ
һҴȥһϴּ䣬ȻʹӲֱӳȥˡ֮ǰˣѩޱȥ򵥣ֱӴӲȥϳͲܺײһȥˡ
ȻѾˣҲѾˣ컹òСһϳԺæѳѿյѩޱһṦѩޱӰţſڳˣæһȣʾԷĳء
ѩޱѭ첽˹ˣǴӸմӿյܲˡϳԺѩޱһƤһţȻٵһһһʮˣƱأһ£ǮԲԣ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵Ų㣬ôȥأ˵һ治澿жǮǺǣ
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һǺһЦûпڣʻԺֱڴʻȥ
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˼룬һŲʵĵڶ죬һ绰ԷضһԷܹҪ˵һǼüĿˡ
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⻰Ժæ˵г˵ҿɳеѡѩޱйϵҪҲôȥġǱ߻е飬ʲôҪʣ¸Ҵ绰
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廹˵һţǱȺǵе˭̸̸Ժ󣬶ҪʱϢˡǿֻͨвУҪ̬Ⱥǿƣ̸úܲãͷAĸҪУǾͷBĸҪֻ̽ǾͷCĸ
Ժ˵ͷͬʱͷУԼͬسһԲεġCĸ
ϰԺ˴ӸԵİ칫λڰ¥ĳг칫ҡ֮ǰǶٵһˣ֮ǰΪĳ飬һϢһģĪ֪ƵرйǵһΡ˵ʱ䣬֮ߵúܽȴװûʲôӵӣֻ΢΢˵ͷһſС칫ҵ˲ɳ档
¿Ź򶨵ҲǣֻǵͷæԼͷ飬˵裬ûк˵һ䡣һｫҪСʱϰѾԸˣСʱȥİ칫ҡ
ٳзվһ˵쵼ǣվİ칫ǰ״̬£˵Сʱʮӣиӣһ˾ܲˣĲ˵߷ǳױһû˷վǷܱȷվҪ΢Իһ㣬һ£һСʱһ仰Ҳ˵Ҳһܵ˵ġ
Ȫ塢Ȼһˣһǹԭ򣬲֮ǰҲ˳ֵ׼ˣڰСʱԺ˻е㲻ˡµͷļĿ϶۾ߵˣԷҲһ֮ɫʱӲ
°˵ıֿҲȥƣһ˼æͷ顣ϰһ̫ˣûк֮ǰͰǵ־ĥ߰˰ˣȵʽֵʱһﻹʲôսԡ
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Ȫ塢վȥˣʶΪȥλ㱨ˣһĻʱټǵĿԡ
ʶԺĶҵæƨǰŲŲظֱͦˣһϹϾ̬Ƕϻˣô˵쵼ӦеؿһҲõģĻʲôûУǶпܳԲ˶ߡΪȻ쵼󲻾˼ɱ֮飬ǻκγԡ
ʮԺ˷ԼˣˣΪµһİ칫ֻ֮ңѣţôʱҲûˣȴʼûмµӰʶԺȪĻзˣɳһΣ˵Ӳźˣ˵ɣô˵ҲǿƼɲҪ˵쵼ĻҲСȲȡ
ȪҵЦ˴ɣ͸֪źáڵмλʲôʱССĿƼҲ쵼ˣǷôĿȪһӣͷìܣǼȪɳֵһǵĿ飬ôʱ䶼ˣɲ󹦿һ
ڹ͸ìУʮӺܿйȥˣǼͲסʱͻȻ⴫ԶĽŲæӣ֮ǰ˵źȪҲָ֮ǰˣΪͬǰˣʶذòǰֱҲΪԼ֮ǰǾ仰һע͡͸ıԺ󣬶¶˲мı顣
ŲԽԽˣ˵һƬڴУ¶®ɽĿǵ¡˲ɵһйȪҲ಻סˣʵ˵飬ǵ׻Ҫãܸܲһȷʱ䣬ʡϹɡ
ԷһڣʵǲˬƲ˸ɵЩ鲻˵쵼һᣬȻôǿ練ˡ
뵽Ժ°ɫһ˵ƣ⻹̧ңֻһͨС飬ȷʱ䣬ҪԼ鷳ȥ쵼ʣ㿴ô
㡭ȪµĻشԺ󣬷ζҪըˣҪһ뵽ʲôطʱǵ嶯ʧӰ٣ֻ˵һԺ󣬾Ϣˡ
͸ȪԱԺҲסˣղֻڵʱǻСʲôģڵµʱǾվͬһսսѡ
˵飬㿴Ҳôʱˣ֪ܷ鷳ȥгʣҪʵæĻٹ㿴ô
ȻģƽʱΪ˱ȽգϲŭϣȪӲУһģͲ»ܰɸܾĻԷڰѰѱ͵ˣɾͲҪˡ


һǧʮ 
ĻԺ²˵ƣгں쵼ͨ绰Ҫҹȥʾһ£ǲܰѵ绰ȼһǣȻȥЩ绰
µ⻰ҭֱӿ˿ˣÿɱȸղȪһضˡ
Լͬﶼ˱ȻвʣЦ˵飬㿴һСʱˣĵνǾе򼱣㿴ǲȳȥһ£ҪȻһ쵼ʱҲѽ
⻰Ժ룬˵ı㣬ûԷҪҪپܾĻǿе㲻˼ҪǵͷͬĻ֮ǰһСʱʱɾͰ׷ˡ
ֻҪöԷվǿȫˬһϰԼǵʱǿսʮѽһ˵ҿղ쵼ǷԸˣһһȥˡҪ˭ȥˣԼ쵼ͣɺûаϵ
⻰Ժѹʮƽʱȥͦ˵ģ쾹˻͵һӲԡԷѻ˵ˣǻ治̫ȥðգһһҪʱǹȥҲǵˣĿ쵼Ĵñӿȥܶܡ
¼˲ٿˣҲȥǣæ֮ǰ飬ֻڵͷļһ˲䣬Ƴһֻʱ䡣СʱѾԶˣ׼ٹһᣬȥϰǿǷµָʾ
Ȫ͸˸ղֻǾеѰڱղŵǻһ˵˶øеˣҴҵơ˵˻ڻ
Сʱȥˣվϰİ칫ȥѾû֮ǰľţɳϡڻе㲻Ҷ¼ظĸҪһСֱˮĻԿû¥߳ȥˡ
һ֮ǰζԸһڼ½ˣֱӿ˵һҲ
䲻֪ϰĿģֻҪŻȥˣûҪôࡣص칫ң³˵λ߰ɣ쵼룬ˡ˵⻰Ժһơ
ҪһСʱǰȪ͸Ƶʱһæվȥ˶һСģվȻ̧ǰȥ
°˴һİ칫ǰߵһȥļȥˡ
Ȫ͸һ΢Цһ𹧾˵гã
һ⻰Ժ̧ͷɨһۣȻӱǿһԹԵȥļȥˡ
˼˵ղʱ䳤ˣ͵һվоǺܲġȴһΪҪ⣬ǾС㼱òСղǣȻеоô̫ǿҵģ͵վһɣʱøˣܲѡ
˼һƣﲻɵ˰أɴзվ˼ѽҪƽʱĻǻһ㣬ܼܲȥһҲûСڸоڵĵطڲ¥ʱˮȵ̫ˣֵ֪ĻҲȥ¥ⲻǵ͵ڿӸԼ
һûǷվ˼ôҪһԺһŻɳ˵λƳǱмҪǣϣǲҪʧ
˵⻰ԺҲվԹԵȥ˽һĺ棬ʹһɫҲȥҲǻˣǶһем˵ʲô¡
һмĵɳһһ֧̣һɣ쵼ͷæ豭˹ǰĲ輸ϣȻһߵɳΪ˱ʾ쵼أɳֻһƨɼ⡣
Ȫ͸µ˲һ£ڰ׾ͲըˣҪԷָᷢʲôأҪôĻȻҲǲеġ쵼ǰ׼ˣһļǸ˿ɲһǻûɳʱ̵ֻţḹѹ
һ˵ıԺôˣ֮ǰû뵽һ㣬ڿԤϵĻҪãһǳġ³һԺ󣬿˵죬ҰλҪһǸһͣ˵Ժûм˵˫Ŀǰˡ
֮ǰһǹΪʲô˵Ѿˣ벻ԷĻһڣȻ˵ֱӣǵﻹ΢΢һ¡״Ц˵гʲôֻܷԸһ֪޲ԣ޲˵һʲôģǺǣе㲻̫ף֪λ
Ȫ͸ղһĻҭˣоԾȴ֪ηôһ˵Ӧ˹æں˵гңңͽ̣
һбйһۣȻŵ˵廹ϵˣҸղô˵ȻеĵҪͷ¥λûܸˡ
׼ΪԼһһѾȿˣ˵λҽһ£Һѩޱ鳤飬ۿģôŵģǱһȷĽ
⻰һڣ˳ŵУ⻰ҪǱȥҲˣһֿ˵ô˾еŤĸоȪ͸Ķһζ
˻һۣæ˵г´Ӻ˵𣡡
гǲ˵ʲô˼ѽ
ºûйϵѽҲ˵ģ



һǧʮ Ұ
һ¶˱ĵ΢ЦȻ˰˰֣˵ˣҽ첻ǽǹϷģɣҸһᣬ˭Ȱ˵Ҿͷһ˭Ը˵ĻǿɾԹˣ
˵⻰Ժһתͷ˵£Ҽʱ֮ڣ˭˵Ҿһ棬һˣʱĻôߣ
һ仰Ȼܴ󣬵Ȫ͸˶ʱȴ쳣ֱľվһ㣬ͷ䵽šӵµİ칫ҿʼÿΪصʱܻĽһ˶ˣһߵ¿һۡȫһסˣ˶Լͬؿ·
һ̣̩ггİ칫ǰģֻʣ¼˵ĺʱԱ´ʱֲظĸоһֱϰһǷǳ𾴣˵ǳݣԷӸλΪ˴¸һءʵĸо
Ҫ˵¶һʶҲڴˣղŵһĻԺڶԷһȫµʶλߵƿɲÿٵĶܾеģһЩӰ澭ֵֻоֲܾ߱ġ
Ϊо˵ĸܸǿң죬ǵĶͷϲϸܵĺ飬ȵĻңڵԥǶļֻʲô塣ͬʱһģǾ˻᲻ǰ˵ĻԼɾͳǸҪܳͷĵùˡ֪ĳгôԸԼĿǰƿԲкùӳԵġ
°˵ıֿ֪ǰ˶Ѿǿ֮ĩˣټһѻ𣬴ݻϵһߡ͵˿һȻ˵λѾȥķˣҪٲ˵Ļʱɾ͵ˣʲôеҩûضȥ
Ļ䣬ֻһҵ˵гҡҽղʵȷʵ˸ģҲãĻǺԩ޳ģôôأ
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ѽһ治һףб£ýоץߣѽȪͬһֻ˵Ұ˭ҧ˭¾Ȼвܲ˵ش
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仰СȪĶȴеӺ½ٽһӣҲҺһϾ˵ֵĳ񸱾ֳǰλһȥιһ£ס˼죬ǻһ仰顣뷨ȪҲҿˣһֻܵḺ́ɳϡ
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µһȥԺ绰˹ȥȻ˵λʱˣҽǲȥһ£ɲܱţ塣
µĻԺ벻ȥȷʵеԲվȥ
˿Ծ˵ĺ棬Ǳһξ롣˿̣Ȫ͸޲óܽͷ֮ޣȴΪȻһֱѾģο˸̸ѣŲһͬأ
һ˿̲ûȥĵطµС칫ңóֻѸٱ༭һŷ˳ȥŵģǼ鵽Ϊֹһ̿ʼռ˵Ȼ鳤
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Ժϰʾδˡ
һ룬ֻǵ˵һ䣬Ȼȥ˼ɣ˵ʱ̸ֻҪ£ôһ仰飬Ҳȷʵûʲôüġ
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һŰ칫ϵ¼¼Ĺ͸ľŭ˼㡣
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ݲϵ·ֻй͸˵ǩʱһŭˡȪΪԼǸˣѾˣ˵ѾˣȻ֮ΪûܰôˣߣǾƣ


һǧʮһ дݼ
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ʱûˣһ˱ģǵʱɾ͹ֲˡһ˵
Ȼϰ廰˼ﻹͦĵġ˵ϰԽԽԼ˶ԴˣĵһЩ뷨νĸеĴµȻǳġ
ĿǰΪֹһְȨС飬ȴɾʮ㣬Ҫԭ򣬵һϰ£ˬ죻ڶϰȻߵҪϣ˵ʱȴһҲơѩޱģǰʱ䷢¼г룬½ʳҩֳ±ںǳȻͻĸµġ
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ԴʱһѩޱҥԺһۣΪԼһվеԶԵĸоˡ
һҲ֪˼Ҳûж˵ʲôֱһƨ˳ô˵С޴ФǱ߻ûʲôüĿ£Сġ
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬һս칫ң±˽ݼ칫һţ˵ϰ壬ǹ͸˵ģȥҰⶫת㣬ͬʱ˵̾ƣҰˣ̾Ǵ˻ȥ
±˵ע۲һϵı仯Էûκβ֮ɫŽ˵˽һ͵ҵİ칫ңỹأ㿴費Ҫǹһ⻰Ժһ˵ˣ°ɣȻǻصԵĹλȥͬʱԺܺԼ죬ҪСƵģˣǮأ
һ˳ȥ
͸˴˿̶µİ칫ҽصȴϢһ칫ҳȥԺĶ˼Լİ칫ҲǷòװ°ʱ䣬˻ͨһ绰ԼһСƹԲһ˷Ҫ˳ƽ飬̬ҪһҪд̣ȻҪҵһܰ˵ϻˡ
˵һ㣬Ǻܼ򵥣˵ıʸӶ˵ʲôģСѧģȻѲҪҵܰ˵ϻˣ˿ķһԽȷϻ𿴶ԷֻһС飬ͨһӦûǷǳصģֻҪԸ˵ʮа˾Żһõġ
˻صԺ˰СʱʱѼ㶨ˣȻ̾Ʊµᡣ֮ǰڰ칫ҵʱµ̬ȻǲãӦûǲģƺΪƳ衢̣ȥǺġ
һʱҲࡣоϰ岢ûкǹּƽϵ˼ĻͲдʲôˣȻ˵ĻȻûбҪڳһǧ֮ļơô˵ҲǸƣһСԱһԲǣûʱ̬ԻǷǳѺõġ
̬ȣ͸Էġ˵̬ĳ̶ֳȾʹϰ̬ȣ⻰䲻ȫţٻôһġµ̬ȻУǾ˵һҲûնɱԷһġ
뿪ʱ򣬹͸Ϊ˵ʲôҲԸǴ̾ơǿֻԷȴ˵ʲôҲԸգе㲻ˣҿԷ˼ֻ˵˵ѣִⲻա
״ŸʹһɫȻ˼ĵزգҲǿͣĻ㡣ǵĽǶ˵ֻҪ˼ˣ˵ղգǾͲҪĵˡ
µİ칫Ҽһģ׼ȥʸõģ島ס½ǡʱȻʺͷ¶棬ȻˣͷĵؽԷȥ죬ҲǶԶԷεһ֡
ֻеһ棬иΪҪһǾһһʲô̬ȣﻹûʱðȻȥĻ㲻ãԷķУǿɾеòʧˡ
쵽ڣͷһŽϴǻصԺԼ鷿üСʱñ˼ҲΪŵһٴߴ²ϴ˯һҹûôۣͷȫһЩõ뷨ڿ˵һҲûУ׿һ㣬ǾǹôҲôǾ׼ˡڹȻʾҪȥһкȻӶԷˡ
ȥһİ칫Ҳͼӵʱ䣬⼸Ӷڹ͸˵Եøᵽʲôжˡ̶̼Ӽпܽһˡ˼ǶڶһǳѵʶǾһΪгҪʰСɫǼֱ練ơһԷĳֵĻǶԣǾ֣֮÷


һǧʮ Ϲл
ڼ½ʱ򣬹͸һ´ɳվ·ƨ氲װ˵Ƶġһǰ棬ʵ飬ô쵼ô˵
⻰һڣϵı쳣˵ϵǵһҲΪȻֻ²СţʣͬҲһҲԼԶ󱨸
¿˵ı飬ܲζһ仰͵Ժð˳Ǿ֪ˣαصͬʱҲԼԺ󲻹κ飬κ£һֳֺܸõ飬Լڱ˵޷ܵĻαأ
¿һۣȻ󿪿˵ϰתǣĸɺԼıְԺĹУҪܺԼ죬ҪСƵģˣǮأ
⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣漴Ӧ˹һ˵ллгĽ̻壬һμģ̤ʵúˣ˵ǰɣ
ǣǵģԺԲٱˣллглл飡˵߳һ
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͸Ժȥڰ칫Ұһ˻㱨ʾ㱨Ϊһı֣ûĸϰϲŵˣܹϵãǿϰ࿴㣬⡣
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˵Ժͣ˻ͷ˵ˣϰһ˼
һԺüͷøˣĸƽʦմƲ۵ְҵҲֿȵҵˣرŮӡԽ˼ҶҸʦϱһΪ˺Ľһ棬˵ȥҲȽӡ£ѹֻ̫˼ҴҲ֮飬Ůһ١ĸףѶȾ͸֪ˡ
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Ժһ㲻ԥˣֱ绰ǿͼ˹ȥԼһԷ
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һҶϵ绰Ժ룬԰ѾίǿгκҲһԼϡĿǰһΪǿƵļǿʸλίһϳԷΪ˻Ǻݺݷһϣܰ¸㶨ܳɵĻǶԻԣпӰһش¼
绰Ժһ´绰ȥ̩һ䣬ȥԪģ뻹ˣûбҪôгȻںԷǮ͵һûд
һĻԺ󣬺֣ոʱϰ廹û˵Ҫ˳ԷģôһṦ򣬾͸ôĶˡºϰ֮ǰйػϵһ룬еˡµòĻĺˡ


һǧʮ 
ϣ¸ϰĿԺ󣬸Լжϣĸ߻һģ뻹ˡ飬˾ģͼɻľǲ²⣬Ż񲻻˵Ļȥ»ѡڡԺҪڼȥ㶼ĻһʲôΪġ
ٽ°ʱһʹȹȥˣȻ׼ͣǾҪһ㣬Ӧ׼Ǳġ¸ճȥĵ绰ʹˣ˵Ǽе飬ǰ°ࡣ
һ󵱼Ӧ׼绰߶ԷϲóˡȻ׼ȥҼ̸飬Ȼǲ̫ʺͷ¶ģĻ֯˵ΪһˡڶԷ绰ˣʡ顣
һһҹȥģԼʱ룬Ϊʾأǰһҹȥǵʱһ⣬ΪκͺѾǵˡ
˼һԺվӭǰȥ
һ״æǰһЦ˵ôô͹ˣĪ׼ӭҿɾ̫ллˣ
Ц˵ûлȥ°Ժֱӹˣʡͷˡ
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һһ׼̸֧ģκ⣬Ҳûôȥ˼ϴȻҲҪóһϴӳΪµֵܽ롣
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һ˼Ժ󣬿˵гæ죬СƵȥһ£еһ¡
һ˵Уһת鷳ಿˣ
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⻰Ȼȥϡƽȴڲ֮֮ŵ˳һ˵Ҳνô飬죬˵һˣˣǾͲҸùĵˡ
ίǿһͼĶԻҲˡȻһҼҲô飬飬ҲĶȥĻԷͲͬʱˡһĻȻûʲôõĵˡ
һͼһںȵͦģȥԺֻôӺڵθġæһŽѹѹơʱ䣬ȵñǰʱ˲٣һµָǲģһȥе
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൱ȻĻӴ̧ĵǱߵͷЦ˵ǵģǵģ
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һǧʮ 񾴾
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׼˵ͻȻһ£˭ѽ
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һ˵Ժ󣬶ܸоóϰﲻʹˡ¸׼ڣѾǰ濪˵ϰ壬ǻ񣬸ոյ֪λ쵼Էһơ
˵⻰ͬʱ߹ֱȥϰڴ˿˹ţһȻ˵ĻһҪͦúֵܹ
һһƱǰʱǲˬ˵Ϊ˾ҵľƣǶԷȻк򣬾ֱӴ˽ͨ¸ղŵı֣һȫԶ϶¾ǻԸģ޹أǵ͵ѳһô쵼棬ϰĶ顣
ĻԺ󣬶׷վ˳ֶ˾Ʊ׻˵ɮ濴棬ǿԲС˾ӣ˼ϰأĻе˼ˡ
ٱ֮ʣһɨһۣǼǿ˵˼ԣ뿴һô顣
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Ϊ뵽ѽɼѽ˵˵߰°ͨϳ˳
ϣŮӯ˵ĸԷʱһҪ
ϢԺǷǳĵģŮڵ绰ҪЩ׼һֱӯ飬Էĸĸͬ⣬ĸףһССũҵֵİ칫ΣΪǶĹ٣קƵģôϻġھȻ˵ҪԷ֪
ٽ°ʱ򣬻Ϊȥһһ١ȰѳСѧſڣŮѣȻһ˺̩񻹸ӯʱ̩̳ǰԷĸĸھͷںأһ극ԺöԷǵȥǧܸˡѾȥˣûлȥ׼ĸ꣬ȥ˼ҲãᣬҲǰݸɡ
ӯѵĻԺ󣬺ǿġĵľǳʵɿԼĸĸŴΪѶԷⲻƽϣһмָжڳ˵ݵʱС˰ؽڻʮָۣȡ
һֱȵңӯĸĸ٣㣬ν׼ĸδŮǰڵӣȻʲôû񲻽ǣһľһʮķ򸾣ȥһ߸ϵ̬˺ǲˬӯĸһһƾֵĽţмӡ
һĻͷɻӯҲǲ⡣ʱĸ֪ͨСһԷ˵̩ʱӯǺܿĵģΪĸϿѡ񣬲׼֣ѣ벻ȻôһɶĺСͷԵĸо˵Ǽ磬ô˵أҿȥԷֻĶѡ
ӯ˵ǰλ󸹱˾ֵĶͷ˾ũҵֵľֳʱһͷˮϣδ˾ȻǾֵľֳ׼ʲôأ˼룬һ
Ϊ죬׼ûΪܣԷΪڣǰȥ
ֳ˼״һ䣬λǣ
ֻǻһ䣬СƣûˣũҵֵľֳҲ򣬲ûкͻ֣صһۡ
״ֻڨڨջ֣һεߵһȥˡ
ʱ񿴼׼ĸһߺŮֹʲôȻ棬Ҳ˼߹ȥ˼ĸŮ˵Ļһ˴չȥôأ֮£ֻһ̡߳
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һԺ󣬻ǰֵ飬ѾˣһĻȻһⷢôҲ޲ֻʹ䣬вС
ӯĸ׾һԺߵһߣѽҪ߻񣬵ĸĿʱﶯҡˡСһԹŮҪǹϵԼһҸǵˡΪµļڻ˸ĸ⣬˭֪ǾȻ׼ôһϷ̫ˡ
ӯľǺͻһ뿪ٹܽ飬뵽ĸ׸ղŶ˵ģλ㸸׷ǳҪҪǴĻһӿܾˡ
ʱ˿̣ӯǷѣǸؿһṦֻǰһƬģʲôҲˡ
Ůһ߶Դᣬѻ֪ԷĸĸĻһܹȥˡһԼİŮ˶ˣܸʲôأźǣȴʲôҲ˵ȥĸĸۣȥοһӯƺ̫ʡĻֻŮѸѿѺ͸ĸ֮䣬ѡ
ͷ⣬ʲôҲˣͷ֪֮ʱԺͻȻֳϰһӰԴԿ˶ԷԺһֱҡһÿһѣǳԷ侲ԣػ⣬ܴȻһζżϻ޲ø㡣
һ̣Ȼ³ڴӱ룬һѭԺ͵³ȥĶԺʹԼͷԽ侲Ҫ봦ǰ⣬ҪԼ侲
һǧʮ¡Ů
һĶ˼άָˣʼǰӯĸٷȻǺ磬ӯһ顣Ժ󣬻һµ⣬ǾⳡũҵֵľֳʲôϵڻûпóѲӯĸֳѵ۵ŮƺҲе˵ȥѽ
˼˺һ͵طһ⣬ǾǺ˶Ѿˣȴûкϯ˼˱̣߳ߺȲ裬̸ŨŮҲСؽʲôʱʱسӯϱȻ£Ȼ̸ĻԷйءԺ󣬻еˣȻҪĻһеġ
ܲڵ˭ᷢʲôȴһҲˣʲô״侲ԡˮڣô飬Ͳǰλٵġ˼ҡܳɡ
ֵ˽ʮңûκ֣񿴵λֳסˣţǸϷͿþͲİŮ˵һʲôվߵһȥ绰ˣһṦ򣬴绰Ժ󣬳žֳ˵һǾֳص˵ͷİ칫̸Цˡе㲻˼ӯ˵һڱǸ֮Ļ
񿴵һĻԺȫ϶Ǿڵˣҵȵ˺񻹺;ֳеϵ˶˵ݲ˼ֺ֮⡣ڽũҵֳ˵Ȼϴˣӯ׶̬ӦһλǳǿƵľֳȻ˵ĻʲôһֵôʱأѲˣͷﻭһʺš
ڻɻ󲻽֮ʣ͵һ±ƿˣʱڳ˵ĿȫеſڡԺĵһӦһߴˣĻôô³çأ
ͷԺ֣ͻȻ˻ƤŮѽѽڹˣǿɵܳʱˣ
ȻûлͷǸš⻰ԺղͷӭжˣԭڵȵĲʲôǾֳ˵ĹӣǹִҶôˡ̧ͷһ۸ոսˣֻһţзȥմ׹һ㣬ͷص㣬Ҳǰ磬ܳ޷ƽˣȥ񱻵һ㡣
˴˿ŵĸǰȥͬʱ˵裬˼ҲǸ߹ҺͼȥģǻƫҪҹԷǵģ˷˼ҵʱ䡣
˵Ժ󣬲ӯסˣҲסˡҪˣ˵ݺͿ˭Ҳҿ϶ԱͶֱһŮӣǸ߸ͻĺȷظһԡ
һۣˣԾֳôõΪʲôʼҲŶвŮŮĶ˭ҰŮ޸ʱҲеˣ֮ǰҪ˵ɶģڲҪ˵Ůͬͬ⣬Ƕ˼ڡ
ſҲо˴ҵǿ˵⺢ӴСǳ軵ˣȥ׹飬ԸȽص㡣
Ů˻еѧʶģ˵Ըص㣬˵ô˵ûʲôؼص㣬˭˽أ
ﻢµޣô˵˶ѾˣҪԵģƨ˵ĻҪģ˼ҾƵҲѽվ˵ξ֣˶ˣǾϯɣ߳Աģ
ξһվָ£λȥķ˺͹Ӷ˳Ҳ࣬һңڻȻǾĩˡڴ˹УŲͣںǱСֹʲôȥĸӹϵǢ
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̿ס֮УǶ϶ϲЦģĻҶ֪ЦʲôһһԼšţһҪţǧʧ̬˭֪ʱιͻȻһ䣬裬㵹ʵ̲סˣһ£ЦˡΣϵ˻Ц
δֳɫͳԷȻҳЦıӣǲǵڲ쵼Ҫǹ˼һ֮ݣһͻᷢˡֻε˻һۣһҪԷĺÿ
ӵԺ󣬿ı֣һûʲôָˡ֮ǰ˼ȫҵǸ֪ߵغСӸס֪ѶˣһĶӾȢԷĹŮˡڵǣ˼ҲûסЦĶʵǿ벻̣һҪⲻ֪ߵغëͷСӸصĴۡ
˿̶Ի˵Ǻ֮ǣղŵһЦξֳϹҲסҲûʲôʡָξֵĹܰСӱȥڿڻɷȮˡ
ˣҲŮ޸һʲôҲûеС˾ģгɲгʲôϵ
ǾξֳС¾֪ǼֱξּӶˣԿ۲˵ûаôҪȥƱȥ˵Ӿڻģһʡʡɡ
ȻҲǲˬξһʱסûѵͷһῴ˵ԺƱξ˵ξ֣ȣҾһ


һǧʮ ȹƿо
˿Ҳʶ˸ղǸٶʧ̬ǾϵĴ˶̫ðֲЦˣƣ˵ҲûΪһһȻһڡ
ڻΪһΣȥʱξֽеţ⣬ѿһţֺ˵СƣǰɣθңǸ˾Ķѽ󳵻Сֿˮƽߣһ˸ɲ˵ġ
⻰էһڱ˾еı֮⣬ɵҲó
ǵĳ˵ʱǹģܸһ濪һĳϰ߻ûȫĵҪʱĻһ̣ϣԷ£ȻûŵıҪˡ
ũҵֳǸ٣ڻûʶڻ죬θһ棬ӴĻǵģٲҲشһһССƾȻҲϴˣɽϻӳƴ
δֳһԺ󣬿˵ξֳҿСƺǻES0008֪ûӡ󣿡
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뵽ʱ̧ͷȥ˼Է֤λ˵ľǼ١
𿴵ξֳԺ󣬾һٶʮԸ⣬ǳŶԷ˵ͷ۾˵Ϲȷʵǳгһ˾ܲӲ˵ǰɣĻƭ쵼ξֳ֪ʵԺˡ
ξֳıԺе㲻ˣղȻקƵģûӡֻһССũҵֳȥͳгаȥԴżˣҲɳôԺûΪѻ˼ˣĻڸԼҲڣαأ
ԺƱ˵ԭҶڵģһһ
һ˵ʲô˭Ҳȥ׷ˣ仰ȷʾξֳˣˡȻûȷʾҪƣʹǸ˼ӲҪ˵˵Ļֳ˵ûطˡ
񿴵Էıмֲм֮⣬Ҳûй׷˼֮䲢ûʲô϶ֻǶԷղŵмֲ˵˼Իġһֱ񶼲һö֮ˣԷҲһ̨ףȻ֪þյĵ
ģƫƫ˲롣׼ٱξֳһʱͻȻ˵ѽҸղź񿴼гǰǸģǽǲҲԷ
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ʶԺ󣬻ʵʵ˵壬ǵģϰļλϰԷǾǰĴأ
⻰Ժ˵ûʲôгȻţ棬ǵ빤棬ξֳȻֻһũҵֵľֳҲڵһԱ쵼ֳ޷֮飬һ˵ֻú쬵ģﰵ룬ҿʰûмװƣҪ˶ԷֱӰλǿǺá
ĻԺ󣬻һҲܹģǾ׳ˣղ֮ôʣʵĿĵģڼԷȻϹǿ˵˵ѽ쵼ȻǱߣôҲȥһƣе˵ȥѽ
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ڶԽôشʱӯĸͻȻ˵ѽСƣ쵼ùȥѽô˵Ƕʧ˵ǰɣ
˿̣ӯĸ˵ⷬĿĵһƬģΪξֳĶԺûŮ۹õ㣬ǴŮбˡɷһ˵еΪˣźĳѡ
ӯĸĻҲһĵŻֻһͨͨСѧʦĶٳϵΪǳڶѵĹģŻأ
ưͳԻĸо׼ǴͻһĨĹЦʱ׼ŭˣվŶԷ˵лĺ⣬͹ȥ쵼һȻһ˵⻰ʱܳ壬ѡ⡱˵úأе˼
֮ǰξֱе㲻ģԲһӣöԷ벻СӾȻˣˡ治СгôӣðȻȥ׷Σͬһơ
뵽ԺվŻ˵СƣֻҪܰҾƿеľȫɵ˵ָָϵСƿϣһʮļơ
׼ǺϾˡǰһĻҲˣѶԷ״ſ£ʡöԷϵظ֮·鷳ƴŰϰһҲҪǺһҿ㵽ʱʲô˵ŶԷǺһЦȻ˵У壬׼һ£ȥȥ˵⻰Ժվȥ


һǧʮ ٰ
ߺ󣬰ξֳ⣬˶е㲻ǰһĻô¡ǹĻ񣬲ȥ쵼ľƣô˸ú񻹶һ㣬˵Ҫƿоһ˵֮ڵĻ
ξֵͷĶ˵˵ѽҪһǺ˲ѽ
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˿ͷԻû侲˵ҾͲСôͣҪ쵼ôҪĻôһֱ컹ƶûУ㿴İ쵼˾ǿǡ
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ﲻмֵҪľЧһֱӯĸǰ̧ͷҲüһˡ˵ϵܣһ£λǽũҵֵξֳλũҵְ칫Σλǡ
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ҲЩ̣ղȻŭ쳣ͲݺݴԷ浽ϵʱȴеԥˡô˵ԷŮѵĸףδĻƺе㲻̫׵̧ͷ¡
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ý˵ⱭƺȥԺⲻΪѻ෴䷴˵ص㡪Ӳ


һǧʮ 
ղŵĻȻ˵Ӳʵָܹһģһ󱭰׾ƣɲǰ׿ˮȡǳһ󱭺ȥ͵ýˡ
һ΢Цؿʱ𳹵ˡСոհõһϣºξ־˾ٱȻͷ۾˹˵һڽһڣһڣоȫ˺档Ժ¾˾ٱʾȫȸɾˡ
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¼ŻĿѾﵽˣȻûбҪȥˣǳϵ˵λãǱ߻飬Ͳˣξ֡ΣͣһҪӡ
⻰Ժξֳĸҵæ˵飬̫ˣ͵飬㿴ôǻ
󣬺ǺһЦ˵˵ɣξ֣ټƸ磬úξֺΣҾȹȥˡ
ûüڣͻȻ˵飬ߣ͡㣡˵̧߲ǰȥ׼ǰһѣ˭ֻ֪صһ£صˤ˵£ôˤģڱξֵӵţ˭Ҳûп
뿪ʱæŲʱﻹһغţ飬ߣ㣡
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ίǿ벻һԷȻΪ飬æڴӦ
ȪʲôһССĿƼɲѣһеĲ϶׼ˣһ֤˵߾ǻƵġ
һһȷĴԺǿû㣬һ˵ಿȪôصĴȻѾʺٵиۺϿƳһְˣɵÿһʵѡѽ
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⻰Ժ󣬼ŷӦǿֻϺ꣬Լ죬ȴˣĵҲǳصģͷһ뵽Ӧ֮ߡ
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Ĺоһ˲ڹٳ˲̳ɲ˲šڸɵģûʡ͵ĵƣǿڹٳϻ켣꣬ܵһ߶ȵģ˵ϺһҲΪ
һ˵ĻæƱ˵λ쵼һ˾лλ쵼ĹЯˣҸˣ⡣˵⻰Ժ󣬲κηӦƱһ
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һԺǿ˵һгǹѽֵѧϰѽಿ˵ǰɣ
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µ飬һ׼ʱٿǵģϾԷʱж̣ûҪһʱڼȻĻᣬȻҲûзĵһҲԸ˴ݳһźţɣǰ;һеģ¾ӡʱǧҪСһССƼҪųȥĻǿɾ򳤡ǣɵĺܶһӶﲻ߶ȵġ
ͨ飬һͬʱһǳϢǾǼίǿ˻ǿȡһµġԿǶԷʾãһĻ͸ԺĽһʡ
˵ίְλǷǳǿƵģ嵽̩пܾˡǿ֮λϣȫΪڶϱţʡﲢûʲôϵԴơ
ˣڼίŵԣ˲ûʲô̫ͻһֱȡ̬ȴ¡
ĺôĳһˣҲͲܵǣ֮ģͬҲڲ֧־һҲѻȡʲô棬һܵĸоֻеˣܸܣһôܵġ


һǧʮ ŵѧ
һȻһ㣬㶯˵ȴͶԷúýһ¡ڻĹڣɼ鲿Ƿǳţģܰǿмίϴ£˵һǳ޴
˵֯࣬һǲָģ˼ίǵˣһġ֣ܴӴִСģں֮֮ھˮˮʱʱػк˫֮ѹϵҲҪʲôġ
Ժһѻе˰칫ңʱȥ֯һ¼ԷҪ̸֮ǰѾϰ׼Ƶ߻ˣһⷬԺ󣬺Ǹжæ˵ϰ壬лĹģԺһӱŬġ
ڸɵѾܲˣӱʲôģûǱҪˡһ΢Ц˵ڿóͬʱöעעߵ˺£֮ǰ˵Ǹ㲻ܰҿһӳģ˶һԼҵƽʱҪעѧϰΪ׼
һһԺǸжǳĻɲÿϰ嶼˵óġڶԷһʱ䣬Ѿʹ˺ܴĸı䡣ȥմӲӻʱʶΪпһ棬ȥשˡڲһݽΪĹһһŮŮѣڵʱ붼顣
׼ԴϱºݺݵʰһԺ󣬷ʵˣⲻٷŮĽڶԴһ绰ûпյʱȥ棬ӯ˶ǿġ
ǳԷ̬֮ôı仯ȥµԵʣʵΪϰ֧֣Щʵʵ뷨ⶼǰϰ͡
뵽ʱ򣬻е㲻֪ˣһ˵໰˵ȴ֪ôӺ˵𡣹˺һᣬűһ䣬ϰ壬֪ˣллĹգԺһᡭ
һŻѾӣĻЦ˵ˣͱΪԼˣ˼ˣúøɣԺ˽棬ѧϰѧϰⷽǿ
󣬲˼ץתͷȻˬ˵һǡ
һ⻰Ժ͵ʲôʵˣŮѵôˣ˵Էҳе㿴
ϰ˹ģæشллϰģ֮ǰļеԴϣºһȥԺ󣬺񻹺ˣϻҵȥԷġ
ŶУˣԺʲô鼰ʱ˵Ĳ˵곤һ㣬ñ㡣һ˵¹ȥ͹ȥˣҪϷϣԷϾǳԼסһ߶ȡ
æ˵ͷҲôġԷϾӯĸף֮ǰôǶǳûкͶԷƽϵĵ
ŻĻϲ뿪˰칫ңһмָпʱʵû˵˵ŮѵĸĸдֻϣŮҸõ˼ң뷨δ֮أΪһֵ֧ϰ壬ĻյĽ֪Ľ˭أһҲ𰸡
һԺ̩иԭۺϿƿƳȪشԭԴ˫ְͬʱԭƿԱۺϿƸƳֹڻĹְλ涼ǴŵģЩأϸϸĥĻҰɳණ
µְ˵֮ǰֻһͨԱҪһλοƳĻȻ߼ȸһƹһ£ûκˡȻǸƣڸֹ൱ۺϿƵһ֣ڼϲ뼶⣬ûκ
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鵽ĿǰΪֹȥһǴȫʤʵȴǲȻһǳȪ塢ֻǿܶѣĻʹȴлǿ֣ͬɡȪܵ͵һ㣬һûСɫƽϣԼмＸ㲻Ǿ͹ֲñˡ
˵лǿ֣ͬɣһһ˵ģȴڣԸҪһʵͷֵĻǾͱаٷ֮ٵİգ̲
⣬컹һһúǲ⡣ǾйѩޱҥԵѾˣȴǲ䲻ȵġ
˹⣬ѩޱ˵һлؼǵڳ֮ǰ֮ĹϵǱȽϲģԶԶ¼֮ĹϵȻ޷ȴʵʵڵܸܵõٺڵĸоȻͬ
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ʱܿ쵽£ʱ̩жԣͷȴ¾ӭʡǿعڼ䣬ֻͿʮΣ⻹мģǲίֺ͸أǿɾͶȥˡ
ۿһ׼׵ˣһôҾйϢȴ˹ʡ칫Ȼַһģ֪̩Уʡæ̩еʱƳٵѮϢԺ˵ﶼǲˬ쵼˳˷⣬˵ʲôأ


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һĻгĲɳȻҪˣԭܼ򵥣֮ǰͬĿȥеΪѵ˼ڼȻҪõһȻ붼Ҫ룬һɳˡ
ܶڼֵԤУ֮ȪŬһ֪֪ͨԺһʱгԪİ칫ҡ
Ԫг֪ԶԷĿ֮һٶ֧֣¿ɲ˵ġʱ͸֮Ȫز󣬵ǻ֮ŹͨģͬʱҲ֮ȪȥһҶԷ˫£ȡܵһЧ
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ȫţʲô¸ùעģʲô²ô÷ǳ֮ȪȥԪ칫飬ǱעģҪڵһʱϰ㱨
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ǲˬ֮ȪȴһҲûб¶Ҫ˵ͱ˽аĻе㵨ίȥƽϵĻûǸǴίίϱԷֱӴԺе֮š֮Ȫ˵Ժ󣬾վǣ뿪ίǵİ칫ҡ
֮ȪѾ֮ʣһȴڡȥйɵĻᣬŷһ
ŶǻÿɰӰһЦ춼ϲ£ˣΨһеźǣԲԸ׽ŷٵһյ֮£żԸؽһְ֣һһĻᡣܲζĿǰ£ȴһ취ҲûУֻ֮֮
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һڶдһң˲μ⣬ʱ䶼ŷĸӴһ𣬶ڻ췽Ρƻʲôģһûгϯ˴
һܵʱת˲ţһص̩еĵ죬ֻûһҲûˡҹҹϸҲһǱȽǿ׳ģǾܲס򵥵س˵㶫Ժ󣬻صҵڴϾ˯ˣֱڶ糿״̬Żָ˹
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һĻʡ쵼ʱжɿˣ֪ʡﲦĿȷʵڷӦеá㻹һЩϸòǺܵλģɽҲö˵ʲôϾʱޣ̶Ѿܲˡ
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Ļ䣬ű㱻ƿˣһ۾Ƴ߽һ̷ƯŮӣﲻм֣ô£ôһİŮ˶Խأǰʱǳ粨Ժһⷽע࣬ⶣ£ŮԹµĻʹڰ칫ﲻҪȥó⡣
˭ʲô飿һͷû̧һ£ֱӿʵ
⻰ʳȥԺ󣬶Էûлش𣬷Цһջ̧ͷ˵㵽ס˵ʱ͵ͣס˻ͷڿ˴λһīȹƯŮ˾ȻίѩޱΪʲôûŶԷˣŮбҪŮˣûǸҪ
ѩޱһεһЦ˵ôҾͻһͣг˾ϲСŮˣ


һǧʮ ֮Լ
һԷ˵ˣЦ˵˭СŮӵ仯֮أ˵ң¥Ĵ󲿷Ӧöϲˡ
ѩޱһһ˵ˣæʵǲǺܳѽǸţ˵ƫ˵ͣ飬˵ʺңǱˡ
һһĶŵѩޱȻšʶˣæ˵ҲǺֻ֮ܳǰı仯ȽϴһӦḶֻ́˵ǸиζؼˣʲôͶƯ
ԴϴεԺѩޱһֱһһľ룬ѵĻᣬһⶺ˶Էһ䡣
ѩޱ⻰Ժһ죬С˵ǳгأ֪˵
һ⻰Ժ󣬿ŶԷǺһЦûٶ˵ʲô
ѩޱһ칫ͷСʵ˵ʡûҪˣӦò˰ɣ
һԷ˹飬˸ղŵЦ֮飬һ˵ӦòˣҺгȥģ˵ʱѾȷˣʮաǰһֱƵˣҪĻҹʡһҲ˼ˡ
ѩޱ֪һ˵ЦģҲûзϣ˼Ժ󣬿ʵκгһģ˵̩ͷɽǱ߶ûˣǰɣ
Դ³ԺһûѩޱٲĿܰȪѾʰˣһ˲ҲˣһǾܱӡûе£ûҪӲһеļǲǰʯͷԼĽأ
ѩޱ֪һԺ󣬿ʼúܿģö֮е㲻ˣͨ¡κ˽⹤̵ĽչκµȻܶʲôʱѩޱĿǺġ
һԷʻԺ˵ͷ˵ʵһ̣ежġͨԷ⣬ѿԷǷǳĵģĻ֪׼ȷϢ
Ǳߵôˣʲôɣѩޱֿʵ
һְѴǱߵԷһܣǱߵɵؿչţŵǻ˹˾ҾͻֵĳѾˣھŽϣȥ׳ۡʱ䣬ŵעҪڻֵ岿֣ҲǷĽ衢װ档ȻҪʡӲȴûʲôӰ죬ûʲôõĵġ
ѩޱһһԺҲͷˣ˶Էһۣ˵һгæΣԷҲе˵
ѩޱ׼СһģԺ־òףںг֣һĻһĶȴǱŤóԷԥԱû׷װܿĵӣ˵ѽ֮أһҪܲܲҪȥǰţˣԶˣҲûʲôô
ѩޱ󣬽ЦһȻ˵ȥˣȥɽض磬ϴȥģұϼңҺͱɩ³㳢ص̩ˡ
ãһΪһĵ˵
ѩޱ뿪Ժһûмȥʳãϰϵһ֧̣˼˸ղŶԷǷѩޱղȻ˵赭дһ֪ԷһҪ˵
һֱڹ־棬÷ѩޱһʲôԷԷģֻһڣ׼Ǽصˡ
һǷǳڴģǳڹ÷ѩޱ˵һͬСɣǾԲءͶԷ֮Ĺϵһֱѩޱ͸һڷµҪԿ֪
һյĶпܺ͹־Ůܣ֮ĳЩϵĻʵ벻ʲôŮС
ѩޱ֮ԸϢ˵Ȼιϴ֮Ȫһϵڲ֮ĶȴѩޱöԷһεˣ˽Ķ֮Լ
еĹϵԺһ֣Ҫͷллǿ֣ͬɸһһȷţһù÷ѩޱ׼֮ǰһֱû˵ڵܸ˵ʧ֪Ǹһ㲻١
һ֮ʣ֮Ȫȴղѡ֮˶Ժڲѵ£Կ˴һ绰ʳɸ˼Ժ󣬲ⲻӦæҽһ١
ʳڵ绰ֱԲ˵ڵʱѾˣѾ˵ѾСˣôܻʵʵ뷨أʡ칫Ѿʽˣȴ£
֮Ȫһ䣬ڲҿȶԷ˵Ժæ˻⣬˵лԺֱӹҶ˵绰绰ȥöԷ취ģɲѵġȻԷҲûа취αѵأ
ϣ֮ȪѲɳŵܾţȫܾǣټλڻžӵļСԴݽȥԺ󣬹ͽܵ˵û֮ȪϲɳŸܵλá
֮ȪСӵǷǳ˽ģó²ٺʲˡǼͬģκιһپڸµʱ򣬽ûջǵģȴ˫Ƚգǲ롣
֮Ȫûа취ֻˣǾ˲ɳŵĸܡ


һǧʮ 
֮ǰ֮Ȫ̸˻κ鶼ţ뼰ʱţȫ㱨ȻݶԷָʾȥ¡ǵȻУţȫţӦûʲô⣬֮Ȫǻܷġ
ͽ鷿Ժ󣬱תȥǳҪֻҪӦķˡǼתˣҲվ׼ڶԷȥʶؾãţ£ǲҪúá
ܵܵıԺŭ˵վţ鹫˾飬ҲǸܣ⣬һһʶҲѽ
Ļе㲻֪ˣ֪ã˳ȥá衢һ֮ǰǰǼֱӶ硣ǳǹнķٶ֮ȪҪһСǵöԷˣǿɾˡ
֮ȪǽһۣŹ˵ȥúţҲ졣
⻰ԺЦæƨƨߵŵɳȥ⻹һβ˸߹Ļ飬ļ֪֮Ȼֻˣֻķݣλǡ
֮Ȫ˿̸Ͼ˼СӵĸܣֻôòɳʡǰһࡣⱾһν飬֮Ȫƫƫͺ½ϾˡƾʲôһĿö֮쵼ǰչʾûлᣬⲻ۸֮Ȫ㲻Ļ½гܴӰ졣
ۣԽǾ˵ĹϵģԽҪ뷽跨֤ǰһǳõĻᣬڲƽ£Ӳòɳʡǰ¶Ժ˭˵֮Ȫǿȹϵġ
֮ȪյɽصʱţȫҲ֪ͨϵ֮ȪվӵĶǳѸ١֮ȪҲûпһֱίΣﻹǵζֻ
ȻЩţȫҲûǻ㱨֮Ȫλ֣⻪žӵķ͵ģǮġ֮ȪȻ֪Ҳֻ֪ѹ᲻̰ᡣ
ϰ鷳ΪеţȫȻҪ߾ȫ취˵ñǧգñһʱڿɵһʱˣöĻɾе˵ȥˡ֮Ȫһ˵ϰ壬;϶ǲˣֻ취ˡ
֮Ȫ⻰ԺΪȻص˵ͷҲǳڵջ϶ˣֻаɳ²ˣĹؼǣ²ֵ׸ôɷһҲûС
֮Ȫ̵̻Ҹ³һŨŨȻ˵ѽȷʵ취ɾʲô취أǲɳŹ˾ĴӪɽأ˵г·涯ԽҲѽôҲղǶȥѽ
֮ȪĻţȫҲ˿ˣԷ˵ȷʵʵ飬òƲô㣬޷ǵĿģ⻹湻ӵġ
һ߼λжԽæվֱ˵һ֧̣Ȼذǵϻ𡣰֮ȪϻԺ󣬹С˵Ƿɳӣ쵼ĶǾڵĶⲻˡ
֮Ȫ˿ƲѣĻ˻һŭȵһȥʲô쵼ĶڵĶҿӽˮˣʡˣ˭Բ˶ߣ
Ǳų⣬˭֪ȴһŭĶ˵֣æͷɥߵһȥˡ
ţȫǵĻԺͷһ˵ϰ壬ҵǾùܵĻеȻ쵼ĶڵĶضʱ䣬ѡȡһʵĽǶȣ쵼ܿĵطʵչʾһòӦûǿеġ
֮Ȫţȫһ˵ɳһɣͷԸתţȫ˵ȷʵǿеģһط²أǾǴšȻȥˣһᰲŲιҾͻ֣ǶĽ濪ȫԲɳһĻԪг˵仰ʱʡעпܱȥĻ˵յ벻Ч
뵽Ժ֮Ȫǿģȴûб¶ֱӶţȫ͹˵飬ǻȥԺٺúĥһ£֯˿̸úһ£پ¡˵Ժͣ˻ͷŹ˵ţܺúøɣʱıֻǲģӰѾҶϣѽ
벻̬ȾȻһһٰʮȵĴת䣬æվ˵лл֪ôˣţܣԺȻȽϱ»ûʲôġ
ţȫæ˵ǫˣǹͬŬϰ彻á
֮Ȫţȫ͹ԺֻûɣǰǸ߸ɽʱҲƲסˣæʾԷȥ
쿴֮ȪʼնǳüչģԸУԷ޶ãᾹͻȻ뷨ˡĶ˵ʰϵĲ豭æŤŷβͶԷһ𵽷ȥˡ
ֻ˵һ죬漴ʹ˴صĴϢŮǽˮ˾ࡣ
һӶлԺҲûţ˵̩ɽʹŶר˹ʣΪܸˣʡҪ˹Ӳ죬ȻãʱΪ
ϣһκʹŵĻ˳Ժ󣬶ؼҡյõŮһ˵ϿɣһʱԷʱӦûڿڣ쵼ĵȻҪ¶Է


һǧʮ Ů
һֱϴηݣһмڴ֮⣬ǸкӵģӲʲôе鶼ͬƣһ취ҲûСҪ˹һĻʡˣźǣһڴһ·ϻʲôҲûС
Ժмʧ֮С
֮Ȫ͹һսԺһ˿ŵڴϡһֻСèڶԷܷܷ֮ȪزػţС˵˼ҾȻθ߳ʲôô˷ܣ
֮Ȫ󣬺ǺһЦͰѸղźţȫԼֵܹ۵˵˳
Ȼǲֵ⣬￪ļˣ˵֮ǰСһᣬƫ˵У׻ʲôģҲһ⣬Ǿϻ˵úã˲ò࣬ˮɶߣ
֮Ȫ⻰ԺڶԷķһѣȻЦ˵ˣҵĲԣҺҲ˼˰ĻⴲҲϲѽ˵԰ɣ
⻰Ժæ˵ѽ˼ֻ׼øһ㣬Ա㷢ӵøһ㣬һ
˵ʱ򣬹ڶԷĿ貿˲䡣
֮Ȫһ߰̽ȥһ߿˵˵ֵܣʱţ滹ȷʵ˵㳤ôôҿС
Ŷš֮ȪҪ֪ʱߵҪʲôҪ
֮ȪٺһЦӴϵĶһŪԺûзϣǰѶԷͷȥ
ᵱȻ׶Էĺ壬˵һ䣬㻵ˣ漴ͷ˱棬һṦ򣬾Ϳᶯ
̫ǸһĸоԡʲôҲһҲ⣬ϵļǰƣȻһվȥ
ǰͰķݺСߴСĸֳվڸߴ¿ȷʵֲһĸоѹִҶҪƴΪ˸ߴԺȷʵ͵Ϊصķ羰
һվڴߺһᣬôԺ۾úϢһ£ģܹ߹Чʡ
׼ص칫ǰ칫ʱһƵ˹һſ˵
ŽԺߵһǰ˵ϰ壬иŮ㣬˵ǻ˴ĹزҪ㱨
һ⻰Ժüͷһ壬ϤˣʱæӭɽӲ飬ʱû˵лǿ֣ͬɣôǱߵ˷ˣǹ¡
룬˵˵ʲô¼
һ֮ΪԷһŮʿһ£ûеڳ£ԷӲ˵ͼɶʱ˵ҪǱĵλˣҪСģǻ˴ģʲôزɲΪԷصĶ
³ȥһṦһĸŮ˸˽ȥҲͶʮͣŮ͸˵ͣɱ֪һʶذǰŮ˺ѩޱһԱȣ˵࣬òʲôҲ£Ҫ˵ѩޱʤһĻʤϣɲͿĨ㻯ױƷƯ·ֲܹġ
ˣǰŮҲƷˣһԼģ
һȫ˳⣬ĸƤݷ֮Ҳȫ֮СҪ˵ôҵһģлһԭίԴӱ֣ͬɸǿɶԺ󣬿ʼʱһֱҪԷ֮󣬶Էǳչ˵ģҲˡ
֣ͬɵԼһŮӣҪĻֶ֪ôдġ⵱Ȼֻһ棬һǶԷҲǳ£еõ˲ٺô
ҲˣŮ˵Ǽ黹ô£ֻҪԷһֱôԷҲûʲô˵ġ
Ըûܹʵ֣һϣ֣ͬɺһԺͻȻ˵׼ȥˣڶƯһͶԷһȥ
⻰Ժ󣬳סˣ˺һԺſʵʲô˼ȥ˯𣿡
֣ͬ⻰ԺβģЦҶǳˣЩα˵ôֱأӲҪô˵Ҳͬ⡣ܵĺ̨Ҳ㣬˵ĸһҪ
֣ͬɣ˵ϹˣôôʹһͨȻ󴩺ֱ뿪˱ݡ
ûдӦлǿһȥΣΪԷ֪Ѷˡ˭֪Ժϣ֣ͬɼԷȻ֪ھʲôֻͷεģǷǳС֪ô˯˴ϣȻһǿ׳
˯ҹԺ󣬳˯ߵˣлǿ֪лǿ֣ͬˣһʹһҪ˵ûд󳳴֣װʲôҲ֪˯
ڶ峿ʱлǿְһͬʱвֻҪԹʲô¶ûУĻһ
װܺµӣ˵Ҳңȴ˸ղлǿֵ֮ʣ֤ȶԷߺմжԷڿ۵սȻװʲôҲûз뿪˾Ƶꡣ
صԺ󣬳֮ǰմ֣ͬɾڿҲ˳һʼ˼
ûпظ֣ͬɵ뷨ˣڿ֮ûдΪʱеæûй˵ϡһ˿֮Уҿʱûг嶯Ļڿɾǿ˵ƾˣ뷨ûν֤ʲôȥԷ


һǧʮ 
Ѿ񵱳ձ֣ͬɶԺôˣʱֻһͷֱӵֱǼһ֮Է
֣ͬɺʱ䣬ڶԷ˳ֵ˽⣬֣̩ͬ䲻˵ͨ죬ҲԲһŮܽôġ˵лǿǾ͸Ҫ˵ˣǸʡĹӣһͨŮܽаġ
ʱͬҲóѧ˷⡣ͨǰʳжǼ飬һ˿ϣлǿ֣ͬȻţ棬˲Ƿģۼĳгһ
˼ǰһ󣬾ҪʵĿ꣬ͱλгæûгɹĵ˵˼ԸԸæһҲûУ鲻һԵĻ˭ҲյĽġ
ٿȷһ㣬Ǿлǿ֣ͬгԸϴʳжԺ֣ͬµʱ򣬶Ǹг䣬ȥҥ˵һŮΣպҲûܰѶԷô
ȻǺгȥǷгȻҲʲôӡĻȥг飬ӦûмֿԵġ
Ժ󣬳ڶһڴſڵʱûηηŵģֱһĻҲͲܹˡ
˰¥ԺȻг칫ҵƣ֪ɲ洳ˣ칫ң˵ԼԺҪԷͨһ£ҪҪг㱨Ͳˡ
һڲ⣬ʮֱֿӿʵǻ˴ˣʲô
⻰Ժæǰһ˵гãǻزľҽг񣬽ðİ칫ˣԭ£
һԷ˵˿ǸŮʿе㲻̫˼ˣԻ˻˵ҲûҪôҺܡ̸֣ܶʲô飬Ҳ˰ɣˣǲģֱ˵һвҪ
⻰Ժ׶Է˼ˣæ˵гˣҽ쵽޹أҲлǿ֣ͬ޹أŶԣǺйء
һöԷе״ΣһӲ˵ʲôһεؿŶԷǱȷظ߶Է˵ʲôҲ
ûڣ۾˿ʼվһߵ£Ȼ̽˵гҽ쵽ӳлǿ֣ͬɵһЩ
һе׶Է˼ˣղǻǱ̨Щ̫㵱µ˵⵹˹ˣҺûаëǮĹϵǼٶûиѲɺ֮仹ʲôĻ˵
⻰һֻ룬Ȼֱ˵ĻҲе̫ˡ˳һ˵Ȼҵһİɣҵ£ʲôֻ˵ûʲôɹǵġ
һ⻰ڸ߶Էʲôֻ˵֪ģҵҲ֪ûʲôڵġ
һֱΪֹһǰƯŮ˶Ǻܷģе㵣лǿ֣ͬɸʩ˼ʲôġҥôĵʹóҸŮһ£Ǹڻˡ
һμһ㣬֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ
һĻԺ֪Էǲܸ˵µĻˣȻˣҲûҪŤŤˣļƻǲǴ¡
붨Ժ󣬳һ侲˵гҪӳлǿ֣ͬɶйϵȺǿңҽ⣬ϣΪСŮ
ʲôĻԺһͬؾе
Ϣȷʵ̫ˣܻ˭ⶼᱻסһ£ڰ칫칫ͻȻһʮߡŮ˵Ⱥϰǿˣž󲿷˶ᱻ侪Ŀɿڴ֪롣
񿴵һµıһҲ⣬֮ǰϵԷһ֣侲ذѸղŵǷ¸һ顣
һ´֮ǰ𾪵˳׶Է˵⣬е㻳ǰŮǲڹڿȥ
˵ŮһҲѣǰŮ˵ϿһҲеֻǳš侲򶨣·˵һԼ޹ϵ顣Ҳе˾̫ˡ
һ˼Ժ󣬿˵ŮʿȻʾͬ飬ĵĻ㲻Ӧõҵİ칫ӦȥֱǷǳش°
һ⻰˵йоأûиԷκΰѱͬʱԽ̽һ¶ԷĵߡڻûиԷʲôĿģ̽ĻһҲûС
һĻԺ󣬵ҲգԺͷԾͷǳ侲ǳʱͲκλңĻʵֲ˼ȶĿ꣬пԼǳľء
һһۣг˵ҶҰѷԼϵ˵꣬Ȼָ·ллˣ
˵ʱ򣬳һӹؾһ
ԷԺһҿеˣô˵ŶԷһƣȻ˵УȻŮʿԸ˵
һһлԺ󣬾칫¼״æߵˮ԰ҵһˮȻǰæ΢΢л


һǧʮ ǰƽ
һѶԷıһһӾŮ˲ڿӵģĻ̫װˣԼķˡ
гģǰһ죬֣ͬɽȥİ칫ҡ֣֮ͬĶԹϸһ˽
Ҳһţ׼¼ģ֪ԷҪ˵ľȻǱȽ˽飬Ҳûм¼
˵Ժһ˵Ůʿղ˵ģʼʱ֣ͬȷʵǿǺ
г˵ûұҲ׼ˣǾڼǰһôҲ벻飬ʹҼᶨһҪظǵͷ˵ʱɫ˱ȽϴĲӶ΢΢Ĳ
һǰŮ˵ı֣֪ǶŭûٿѯʣֻҪһ߾͹ˡ
һһۣ˵ǰ֣ͬ˵Ȼȥлǿ˵Էңҵĸ˵һѷϻϴʾܾԺǾȻ
漴Ϸϸ˵˳˵ʱѾˡһ״üͷһʹһɫóϵֽŬŬ졣æվֽ˹ȥ
ӹֽԺ˵һллȻͷϵˮģþû̧
һһֱһԹߵĽɫ۲ǰŮˣֱᣬŻȷгŮӦûѣûĿľġ˵ԷΪʲôҵܺ⡣
ʳж¼ԺݺʰһΪĹԱһ֪ġͬڸ֣ͬɺѾһʱˣлǿıһҲġ
һĻҪ㵹лǿ֣ͬɣһõѡˡ
ȻȷԷ޶⣬һҲûбҪٽһˡԴϴζԷȪɢѩޱҥԣһͶʰǵͷ벻ǰŮ˼Ȼһѵӹ̤Ьٴȫѹ
һų񿪿˵Ůʿҷǳͬ飬ҲԸ£Ӧֻ֪һгίǣղ˵鲢ҵְȨΧڡ
벻ǰгȻ˵һˣʱæ˵гҿԱ֤˵Щ鶼ģҪаٻĻ׺䣬һҪңˡ
˵ʱ򣬳滬ȥ¹ơ
һ״æ˵Ůʿ㲻ҪҰѻ˵꣬ҪǹĻҿĲˡ
⻰Ժ󣬻һæӲס¹ĶβŲŲϹϾǡ
Ҹղŵ˼ǣȻҹܣҿ԰ҹֵͬ־ʣֻҪղ˵͹۴ڵĻô˭ҪѷɵƲá˭Ķӣǰƽȣһ˵
˵ԺһһӵֻӲûб֣ͬҲ̫һòʵֶεõŮˣȻͳȥֱͲܸɵó顣
лǿҲǺû׻˵޲ۣȻ֪֣ͬɺͳĹϵȻҪһӣôأǳԸĻǵҲ˵Էͬ⣬ȻȡĵֶΣΪϴ϶ˣߣһǲˬ뵽
֮ǰһĻԺѾϣˣŻǳԷ˵ȼһϣһǾԷġ
һ˵Ůʿҿ԰򹫰ֵͬ־ӳһô죬ǻġ
һϲ漴ݱ㲼ӣһ£˵ги֪ǷҸ֣ͬɺʱ䣬͹ֵ˹ϵܺãǸֳֵܵģǸлǿǡ
˵Ժ󣬳ûм˵ȥһö˼
ϣһ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ󿪿˵ģ̩йֿɲ˭ҿģٴĹְҲһ죬Ҫ㿪˵ĵط
⻰Ժ󣬳һղ֮ԳһǵĶԷг߸ϣ˽лǿ֣ͬɵ˲еˣװ㡣һ˵Ȼʲôˡ
һ˼Ժ󣬿˵һᣬ뿪Ժֱӻϰ࣬ҪװʲôҲûзһ˾ϵģôֻҪ˵İžˡˣֻСʱںϵ
⻰Ժ󣬺Ǹмص˵ͷ
£һҵֻҲ߳Ůʿһ˵Ůʿûʲô飬ûҪϵˡȥˣǿŵˣ㲻Ҫκιǣʵǵغ˵ˣˣ֤ʲôģһҪܺãǧŪˡ
ⷬԺ󣬳ǳ·߶ˡһĻ֣ͬɺлǿ֮ԷǺпܵġæվ˵ллгȫģллˣ
˵ʱسһһ
һֹģҲˣȫܹܵǰŮ˵ĻԣǾǶĴˡ˰ˣҪǲʾĻһⲻȥġ
°ѳȥԺһ绰ͨФֻ绰ͨԺû˵ֱöԷİ칫һˡ


һǧʮ û·ȹ
ФҲûжʣôֵˣҪǱ˴֮ĬûеĻҲ̫ѷһ㡣һǱһ˷ǳҪ飬ĻʲôҲ˵ֱӹȥġ
Ҷϵ绰ԺФֱӴӹָ
ʮԺФͳһİ칫һҲûкͶԷףֱӺͶԷһɳ£ȻѸոշ飬Էһܡ
ФԺһᣬʵ˼ǣ
ڲһ⣬Фֱӿʵ֮Ĺϵܲһ㣬˵ûбҪҴţֱӾ¡
ӷͬһ˵
У˵ҾˡФɴĴ룬˵ҪĻһҪѸ٣ֻиһֲɹĿԲŻһ㡣飬Ѱѽ
һ⻰Ժͬص˵ͷͨ˭óģ֣ͬɺлǿĿУȫԻһ˵ûеڳ£ȫ԰ǿ˵Ը˭Ҳûа취
Ҳġһ˵ղҾͺǸŮ˵ˣ׼ܿͻ˺ϵģĺ룬˵ԺһһСֽƬݸФ
УȻĻҾȥˡФ˵ͱվ
һЦ˵ҲûҪôɣǸкӵôʲôҲ˵
ѽֲøֶΣһǵ͵޿֡Ф˵Ҳûţһ֮ǰ׷ţһ滹һѣѾ˵ϻˡ
һԺ׶Է˼漴˴Ĵָ
˳һ֧̣˼лФվˡһ˵ǸŮˣ֮ǰԷļ鶼أѶȲϣ콫¡
һżǰɽʽöˣʮաһ׼Ӧ޶ԲģϢһȻزȥˡ
֣֮ǰ֪ˣԶɷܻһԹҲûУֻǶԷڹ֮Ҫעʲôġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ֣Ĵ⣬ȻϹܻԹȥѽȫԺϲ¶˵֮飬ʱȸɷ׼ʱ⾪ϲ
ٽż٣Ҷûʲô˼ڹˣԺ󣬴ұĽ뿪ˡһûΪºͻûʲô飬뿪ˡ
֮ǰ˵żٵʱ׼ŮѻؼҰݷһݡѣһĳ˶Է⵹ǰ԰ʲôģǻϼũ壬Ҳ£̨һ㡣
޷ӦˣһѡشӦ롣гԷɲô򵥵飬Ҫ൱˰ԼһҪԷܲܰſλ͵˵õ϶ĴԺ󣬺ǿģѾƺͲ˶һΡ
һٽ°ˣѵԴ׼Ĺ塣Դӵ̩ԺһһѾôĹˡһɱԺһͶԼҵĹһɵһҵľ棬ۿʤϵֻȴͻȻ
һΪǴŹȥԷģ㲻׼ӣ˭֪ҹȻˣˣֻֻ
Ļıעʱһһ㶣ֻʾǡУ̸꿡ĸֻ֡沢ûеڶС̸꿡ĺ룬֮棬Ϊ˷ֹй¶֮ܣҲδȻ㲻Էôʱ绰ģæ˽
гˣãʱСŮ㱨һ¹̸ڵ绰ͷͶԷЦ
һԷ⻰ˣ̧ͷ˿ſڣ칫ҵŽţʱӦû˹ˣǳŻͲһЦȻ˵ѽһ㱨ʱ򣬲ô·
̸⻰Ժ󣬿Ц˺һᣬסЦ˵û⣬ûд·ȹӡ
£һ벻ԷķӦô죬Ȼܻش
ְصؿЦ̸ڵ绰ͷص˵Ķأ
⻰ԺһҲû⣬˵㲻ڰ칫ңҲڼѵڿȹݣ
һǽĳȹݵľʣԷأеĵʱи֪˵һܡ
ʱҿ϶ڰ칫ˣô֪Ҳڼأ̸ʵ
ڼ˵һȥˣ¸£һĵ˵
ߣе̸Ĳ鲻Ը˵ҵĶأ
һûüشֻͻȻһӦ˹˵ڳϣʱ򿪳ȥĶѽ⻰ʳԺֲһ䣬㿪ô绰ѽעⰲȫ
̸⻰Ժ˿˿ģ˵˶ͦĵģҲᷢڿԺ󣬵һʱ˵⻰ٶԷ䣬Ǹͷ˵һʮҾ͵̩ˣʱ𣿡
ʲô㵽̩ˣһֱе㲻ԼĶ䣬ʵ
ѽٽٳڵķ棬ͣأûʱأ̸꿽ʵ
Ϊһİȫ̸˵׼ȷλãѳΪ˸Է绰ᵱȻҪȷʾһ¡
УУȻʱˡһæػشˣжæʱ䡣
̸ǿģЦ˵ãһ
һ̸֪꿲Ϥ̩·¸Ժһֱǰշվǰһ̸꿴ӦһԺ󣬱Ҷ˵绰ҲſͰɼ棬ڶϱеȲ


һǧʮ ٸ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһļˣΪһļھҪһȥˣ벻̸꿾Ȼһôľϲǰ죬ͶԷͨһ绰ߵԲܻӦмź벻Էˣһͷĸж֪
ץ칫ϵİ׼뿪ͻȻԻûйرգֻĶԼһ䡰SBʶں̸ͨ绰˿ĻᣬշԷˡҲѹֶԼҪһҡҡͷһ¡ػť
һ˴Ժһţɿſʻȥò̸꿣һʱ֪о仰˵°˼ģʱ⻰ĳ˵ǡˡ
СŸŷȥ͵ؼһӰߴ˹ʶæԱһֻصһһߵγ߼۶ҪطĻСһҪˣһҲҡȻٶȺܿ죬ǿǳгһĳҪǺҿڵĻԷĶȥɾˡ
һһ·Ϸ۵糸ģһδ̸꿣ǹԷһ棬ҪڶԷǰ浽Լص㣬ԷûͷĲӬһײﻹ׸ż
ԼصʱһֶԷûйһѳ·ߣҡ³һ֧̣ߵȶԷ̣߳Ҳ⡣ղͨ绰ʱ̸ѾѳƺŸˣһܵԷĳˣһ۾ϳ
һ̸֧ոճ꣬һʻһɫɣɣ̸֮ǰ˵ǸաæȣҲӦƵȡһŶ泵̸ʾһ˳ӣöԷĳǰߡ
·ϣһͿˣǰԼһңһĽֵϲ࣬һȥλ㲻ıݣʲôôƵ꣬׼̸ȥǡ
Ȼ̩еĳгҲ˭ʶ˵Ͼûнǣ˵յĻԻǱȽϵ͵ġһѡһԭǾҾƵԱһշѵͣȽҡͣԱȽϱһ㡣
һṦ򣬴˾͵ͣſڣһѳͣ·ߡ̸һӲ˼Ҳͣ׼ֻ绰ѯʶԷֻȴͻȻһȻһĺ룬æ˽
һԺ̸ֱӰѳ˱ôƵſڣȻ³ߵÿһ䡣˷Ժͨ˶Էĵ绰Ȼ󽫷Ÿ߶ԷȻţȴԷĵ
һŴͣ첽Ƶȥŵʱͷֱݼȥ¥Ժ󣬵ݸͣ£һѸٴ˳ֱҲ510ȥſڣһֺԤϵһŹȻţƿ
һŹغãתԺ󣬿̸Ŀؿ
ԷȻǿɫĴ³ţǺɫĶȹɫĳͲЬͺɫһ壬Ըʮ㡣һջʮһĻһĳЩλ˷ӦǰһԷ뻳С
̸꿼˵ıԺ￪ļˣΪһ磬Ƿ˲˼ʱͰ鶼źˣûйȥϴһԺ󣬾æŴ·ˣæһСʱŸ㶨
֪һϲͿ֬ĨۣԲû£ֻĨһں졣ȴҪҪˮ淸ѣջǾһ㡣һʱ־濴Ůһˮܴ̼ǷھñŮ֮䣬Чܷ
һ̸ӵ뻳еһ̣˱˶߾ȥ˱Է˵ͷһ㻥යŪţţþòԸֿ
һǶԷͬʱ˫ҲûţֱϣϮ£˫ּͬһʱ䵽Ŀĵأ漴ڶԷزβ޼ɵʩΪزŪصһԻŮ˽쳣֪ҪʲôȫǸݶԷҪĶ˵ٷ֮ٵҪ֮
ң̸꿱ֲ֧סҪѣһ״ȻöԷóѣֱѹ˹ȥת۹̸꿾ͱһǽϣҲ޴ˡһ״ĲѣڶԷĶߴȻС˵Ķܣ
̸⻰һҲڶԷĶ˵˭ˣ˭˭
˵⻰ͬʱ̸ԷͻץȥԺֱͬʱڶԷĶСһѽҡҪ
̸꿵ıַǳһ֮⣬һʱ򣬶ռԷȻҲġĸоȻһ̸޵ԺĳЩλּͦࡣ
̸꿼ǿģ˵ĹûʱϣŮ˷ɧһ㣬жı仯֤һ㡣̸꿾ٽһĶ˵һǵȥúõź㡣
һȻ֮ã§ŶԷλȥ
صʱһ׼˳ưѶԷƵȥ˭̸֪ȴ΢΢һһȵȥſ˶ԷϡһֻǰһƬĳЩλķӦǿң̸꿿Ǹо㣬βڶԷ߷õ
̸꿵ıֺǳһ֮⣬ݵԺ˫ֱڶԷ̸꿲֪ܵ˴̼Ϊ֮ڶԷŤͣиǽ
һܲסˣȥϵ·һȥ


һǧʮ 绰
̸óŶԷʩΪһԺռֱſڶԷϣһͷһܵԷзΪ˼ڴϣ̸ʩΪ̸꿼ǿģ漴Ӵ˶ķȣһģֻڶԷ⻬ḧеĵ֪֮
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̸æ͵̧ͷ˿һı飬Էһˬæض˵ĹûµʱǺ⿴Ůһ㡣Ϊ˴ﵽĿģӹǽŵƬúѧϰһһʵϰЧǷǳġ
˶һԺ̸̧ͷϣ׼ǶԺֱȥһ˲䣬ͬʱһŶ֮Ա̸꿰ǰ㣬ʼŤ
һΣһ˼¼ʮԺֹͣ˶⻹ǰϷʱ䡣̸ʰսԺ󣬰һ֧º̣ȻԷĻ˺һᣬƵ˵һѽ
һ˶Էһɽ壬£˵ɶĹͣҪһʼ֣ӦҲôʱķӣٺ٣˵ʱһա
̸꿽һȻڶԷĶ˵ϲ𣿻᲻Ҹղ̫
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̸󣬽쳣˵ͷԺһĻꡣ
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⾡еڶ˼ֱܱӳ˫Ҫһ㡣
һ¥֮ʣطڵݵĺ澹ȻиĺšǿģӺ˳ȥǣųȥתԺ󣬾ȻͨͣǸ֮ͣϲ
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һҹ˻ûô˯̸ԺҲˡˣһûзŹһһֵĶ塣һԳţⷽöԷһȻٷ׾ܽˡ
ȫްʱûаݣ§ų˯ȥˣ˯˵ʱһֻһֻڶԷزһֻڶԷβһ㡣
Ժ˶ƣ͵ģ˿̣һᵽһ㡣˯Ժʱܾжһسʶ΢һԺѾȷֻˣֻƤǧأǲԸȥ̸꿱ˣһߵˣ˵һֻˣѽǳʲôˡ
⻰ԺһżԸùֻ׼֮ǰĻɨһۣʾʱ类һ㣬һӡ̸꿴˿Ҳڰΰ֮䣬ԷŵһæҲֱӣŵʵһôˣ˭ĵ绰
һҲæŶԷһƣȻ˵ĵ绰
̸꿵Ȼ֪Էе˭ǻһӾ֪Ǻá˼ԺʶذȥȷɽȫڵסԺžһԣ
̸æµʱһѾ˽һԳΪεһΡôⷽ棬һֱ֣ĻΣЩѾҲ޿κΣ㣬˯ߣŴ绰Ⱳӻǵһγ֣е޴룬ӦҲ֮С
˭֪绰ͨԺ󣬻ε顣½ֻʹ֣һĶأôôòŽӵ绰
ҡе飬ԲšһͰ͵˵
֣⻰ԺʵҿĳˣĶأ
£һе㲻֪ˣ˵ԷܿĳѽͣʱʶĽͣǸͣ档Ҫ˵·ϣǽ뵽ͣ棬ǿѰңĻֵĿ΢΢ġ


һǧһ ϲorţ
˿̵ֽԷɵػأһһ˵ںһϰ̸飬㡭
˵Ժһ㲻˵ˣ˿ĸַǳسԺԶʧ
֣⻰Ժﷸֹ˵˼̸飬ôѳ̩̳ͣſѽ
̩̳ǣһ⻰ԺͷһʺţݵĻԺ˹ʵ˵Ķ̩̳ǣ
ѽھ̩̳ſأĳˡ֣϶˵
⻰Ժһ׹ˣղе񾭹ˣԷ˵ĿĳָǱɣɣʱûˡƶԷŮȥ̩̳ñ֣ˡ
ͷԺһ˵Ҹղ˼ˣһΪ㿴أɣҸˣմһŮѣŮȥ׷ѣҾͰѳ
֣⻰Ժ󣬲ŸԭίһĶأŶӵ̩ˡ
һ󣬺ղѣ˵̩̳ǲԶĵطöԷǵţһ͹
֣⻰Ժһ͹Ҷ˵绰
ҵ绰Ժһֻ򵥵غ̸˵䣬㼱ææش·뿪˱ôƵꡣ̸꿵Է׼Էٳ֮ʣһ㿪ǳһ˿̵飬Բųѡ
һϵ̩̳ǵʱ򣬼֣ĳͣ·ߣæѳɲͣ첽˹ȥ
֣ɷˣæ˳СëëְԺæؽ˰ְְ֡֡һͶӶЦһ󣬱ȻؼңһȦ֣ѡȻؼң̩ӦȻвСģԣĽֵûʲôһڴӦӸ濪ǰĴȥ
ϳԺһ԰ղżӵʱһ£Էϲûκı飬֮ǰǸ绰ҲȷʵΪıɣɲŴģûʲôĿġ
һԺ󣬱˳ӡȻʱȥûʲô⣬ͻȻ̩ﻹе㲻룬ԷǲΪ˵ʲô߷ʲôϹġ⣬һӸҲŴ𰸣ֻһһʱ˵ˡ
һǰһʻ˺ɽׯ³ʱһŶӣ֣һֽжӳԺĶ˺Ժ󣬵ĶǴСģ˭Ҷˡ
ӽӵ޶Ժһһֱֱ緹Ժ󣬼֣ûκ쳣ı֣ŷ
Էûдкֱӹ׼һϲģֻܵǾţǾϲ֣ʼδġ
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֣󣬿ĵ˵Уǰëëͳ˵Ҫȥˣûдȥãģûз磬ʺϳȥߣ͹ȥɣ
̶Ժ󣬾ʹŶӳˣһ֣ëëںţͳĳˮڹڣϵر࣬һĳϲȥСʱԺһڲ˽ϡ
һŶӴӳ˭֪Сһ￴ϲĴӣһ˾񣬴ӵҪԼߡһ״ǺһЦڵϣȴץŶӣˤ
֣ں״Ц˵ûϵߵúˣֻҪûжˤġ
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һԺһ֣ŶһСͤ֮ǰһ뿪ܸɾһֱëëֻһᣬͲҪŽߵȥһ״æվ˹ȥ
֣һ߾ؿţӹɷһϲ⣬һԭǾǸ׽׽
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һӵ⻰Ժ󣬿ļˣڶӺ˵СһڡԺָŽҴ˵ëëǶҴأ㿴Ƕ࣬ͶڶϢ湤أëëԺҲҪ̤ʵ¡
֣ɷĻԺ󣬿˵Ҵڸʲôѽô컹ϰ࣬ϰҲ̫˰ɣ


һǧһһ 
ӵĻԺһŷӦؼĿԶղźͶӵʱֻһ˵ûпʲôϵڸʲôϸ۲һԺһ˵ɳӦɳ˾ġ
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һ󣬿˵⣬һش㣬еŹ˾һ֪һ㣬Ψǳ⡣
֣ɷ⻰˺ģʵΪʲôأ쵼ץģ
֣ڹٻ֮ҳɷڣԶⷽ鲢İһĻԺ뵽еԭɷ̩еĳгЭгȫ湤⾭ù˧Щ˾Ӧ֪һ㣬ҹ˾Ȼ˵һ֪ǳгץ⣬ƺûбĽˡ
һӵĻԺЦ˵ǵǣ֮Ȫһֹĵģسʱ͸ⶫˣڵԺ󣬽ɼŹ˾ˣҵȻˣĻ˼һΪһأ
֣⻰Ժһɷ֮Ȫ֮黹˽ģ⻰ԺһҲ֡Ҳɰۣ֣˵ڵôҲϢһ£ɳĻӦòŬɣ
һ⻰Ժûпڣ۶ؿǲ̫ԶĲɰӵʣͬҲʡǰɳʡӲĿűбԺ֪֮ȪǲΪ֮ҲһŬȥ֮˵飬ίղûɿڡ
˾ˣҪʡӲʱҪĻڼӽǵ⡣ȻѾȷ쵼ĿˣǻôæµͶڶϢе벻ˡ
һ˼Ժ󣬻һ񣬲֪ɳŸһ
һ޶ڽʹʱ֮ȪȴţȫСӹڷؽʵ顣ϣ֮Ȫ˴Ժ󣬱ϸվҪʡʱ¶һ¶ֻȥ졣ȻŶԷһҪȥǾԽ
ҪȡóɹѡǳҪ˵ԽͻֵĳԽãҲҪμһԭǾǲ̫ˡ֮ȪǳĻױ֮šһʶǵġҪǵʱ򣬶Էʡǰֹ䣬пܻɷȮ͵ʴס
뷨Ժ֮Ȫ;Ҫ׼ص㣬ܱ֤ƻɹΪ˲𴬲ŷľǱһżٵʱڣʵ顣
֮Ȫţȫ͹Ǵ˿һһҿҲɰ棬û취˳ؽ봬Ź˾ĵֻ̣зʵ飬Ӵ߿ѰҵѽǶȡ
Ϊ˷ֹ˵ĻɣҴʵϰǺһйţ׵ɳԴԴϵرŽ档ڽռӰ࣬ЩǵһԹҲûУ˾ͬ˫Ӱ๤ʣǻҹ˵ûܹģһɵø𾢡
ɰϵ֮ȪȴһҲܡںţȫǷţȡҵǸõĵ㡣ںһæµԺ˲öǸ㣬ϼǺԺ֮Ȫ߹ǣץ⼸ʱŹǷϰһҪ֤ʡ죬֧ܹó졣
ĻԺæһƣȻ˵ģұ֤񡣡
ʲô򣬸˵ٴˣгѽôǼǲס֮Ȫŭȵ
һֱڶԷΪͺܲð˵ԺȻԣһ취ҲûСǰʱ䣬Ϊ£ѶԷݺݵؽѵһԺ󣬺˼죬еɲ˼ˣæѣҲǷδȻˡ
һ޶һֱʱֲ뿪ߣ⣬֣˲ٳԵģһһνҰӪ
Ҳɰе죬һʱʱشۣʱƣһΪֵǾĵңҴչˣɰɳĹǳѡĶʱ֮ھƶġҲ˵ǲȥĵطɳˣⲻвôչأ̫˾ˡ
ܾǰһĻмֹ죬һҲûзϣ֮ȪĵģҲûӵ뷨ȥˡ
ڵĵ֮ҪźͶãѵùټ糿£һмεģҲǽɡһȥ˰ţųȻһĵػؼˡ
ȥţŵʱһһۣװĻϤӡ֣ϲطԷǺģҪǲעĻ¶ڡʱԷֻҪһ䣬ôôϤģ¾Զˣܲ˵иǸƯŮʿҺԹηǲû
ϻؼԺ󣬾Ѿˣһǿ񣬻װȲӽôʱûˣҪûеʾĻһɵġ
һʼʱе㵣ģĳЩλϣϾڵñȽ˾ô£̫˵ĻĴŮߣҲδþͻʲôӦһһԺͷ֮ǰĵǶģĳЩλ֮ǰܳһʱĻ۷ãҪȻĻ˵ѽˡ
ʱ򣬷ȶ̫󣬱Ͼ˯أҪǲעĻ̫󣬰ˣǿɾ鷳ءӿһ棬ڼȵĹؼʱ̣͵ͣǻð˸ˡ


һǧһ ʱ㱨
ʮңˣ§Ž硣һͷһͷ˯ˣʱ˿̣ȫûˡķ糿ֱһţȻ޶Է佭̣ټϸղŵ˶ѶȿɲһĴһʮͷҪٹʮĻԳܲôġͶǿȵġ
ڣ֣ʹ̩ģֱߺ뿪ڴ˹УһְһϹɷĽɫң粽롣
һȥ̩ʱǡʥǻ١κͶ֪һķ˺͹ӹˣǱ͡
һûϵ롢ơƿФѩޱҲ׷׵õϢȻҲ׷гһҡ
ļ죬һһһ̩ļҾƵ֮ˣȻ̩ȥĵطһ⵽У֣Ȼѩޱ֮ߵ˾һֹģơ
һĻһ룬Ⱥ֣ۣеĻô̸Ͷأ
ߺϣһһ绰̸꿣ԷӦϹĿľúһģ˭֪ϴײ˳ֻлرˡһڵ绰Է˵ǸĻ̸֪꿲ģʾģǱʾģĻҲе˵ȥ
̸꿽ӵһĻԺ󣬺ܿģ糿ԷԺһֱϰ£صӦԺˡ绰ȥתһ룬Ļ׸Է鷳ӲǴ뷨
һڵ绰æȻʲôҲû˵̸֪һûˣԷô˵ΪʲôһֱŴ绰һΪ֮ǰ̫㣬ҪϰˣӦҲӦˣŵÿա
Ҷϵ绰Ժ̸꿵ﻹм֮⣬ҵʮϾ͹ȥˣҪǵڶȥĻһˣпܸԷ鷳
뵽ʱмֺ£ͬʱԼԺٹȥĻһҪȺͶԷϵһ¡ľϲȻ̼̫Ĳȶأǳһ˵ҪǰȫȶǴҪġ
ϢԺ̩еһ˽뵽˽ŵıս״̬ԺʡҪˣ˵׼Ѿòˣ˭Ҳ˵һҲûˣһϰԺ󣬴Ҿ͸æµˡ
һڷͷļ׼Щ꣬Ȼȥط׼̩ͷɽ絽ſΪȷһʧֻʵؿԺܷġ
һȫעļʱϵĵ绰ͻȻͲ˵ãһ
ⲿ绰ϼ쵼רߣһҪ̫ڵ绰ͷ˸أһġ
Ļ䣬绰洫˷ǳегãǴŵĻ裬еҪ㱨
Ŷܣʲô飬˵һɾػش
֮أһȴ֪һǳʲôˣ򣬶Էڵ绰żġŵܣ˹ǿ⣬䲻ҲǱ֮һƽʱⷽıҲǺܲģʧһ鷢ˡ
гģڵ绰Ѹոշ˵˵һ顣
һȶԷ˵Ժ󣬲ɵüͷһ£⻰Ͳ˵֪ˣڿʼ͸ҵȥô뱣֤ǹ˾˺ͶԷͻĻΨʡ
⻰ԺӦҲ˵гԷǱҲҪ취Ļ¡
֪һҾгͨһ˵ǱߵһҪܺǹ˾ˣܣ¿ãҪٳϴ飬˵ңǶ޷潻
һбҪʱ㻪һ䣬Է֮ŵˣΪһӣǾܳˣûô˵顣
벻һ˵һæصͷӦ⣬ʲôҲ˵ˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһûæź֮Ȫϵǵһ֧̣ϰ˼֮ȪĿģʱȻòɰڴŽҾͻֵĳظɳʵ˷ѽ⡣
ղŻ˵ˣһ־ڽ̲棬׵ɳӲߵĻǳ׷⣬һ߲෭ֱӻ뽭жпܵġҲǶԷһԺ󣬼ʱ㱨ĸԭ
Ҫֻ˵ĻĲ룬һһԺ󣬾ûбҪ棬ûбҪ档
Ժг칫ȥ⼰ʱ쵼㱨ǻĹٳĹһһֱμġ
µ绰Ժȥʼվе㲻̤ʵĸо绰ٴθίǴ˹ȥ֮ǰѾԷһ绰ˣϰָʾ𼶻㱨Ÿһĵ绰
ȻǴŵܾģϸ˵ҲڵˣкǿվʶȻҲ֪վԺļɻ䡪Ķ⡢ҡڣһ⣬Լϰ㱨
֮Žӵĵ绰ԺֻһֱӹҶ˵绰һȻ˵ҪֵĿԲ󣬾ԷҪ˶Ը֮ȪĻʵѡԪ֮š
ܶԴ²Ϊ⣬֮Ŷ֮ȪǺܲðģĲ˵ûʲôֹۡƽʱûµʱңҸ㵹ҲˣԺʡҪӲ죬ȻҸ㣬ʵе˵ȥ
뵽Ժ֮ŰѧĽ˹ضһȥˡ֮žһܰ´ãΪίǣյһֵϣйעŴµĽչ
һľгԪһԺԪгԴ˷ǳģ绰֮Ȫ˹ȥ


һǧһ 
һṦָгͽˣŵʱ򣬿һҲ΢΢һ񣬲漴Ӧ˹ԪкԺ󣬱ߺһ֡һԷǲˬҲὫϣܿͶԷա
ɳԺԪͰѸղһ򵥵˵һ飬Ȼ֮Ȫʵ֮Ȫѽ֪ʡҪˣʱǧܳʲôѽ
һֱ֮ȪԪ֮ĹϵܲԪһ˵𱸵˼ͱȽˣҲΪȷʵԷ㣬ʲôĻȾͻгƨϣβŻһˡһĻԪŭƺ֮ˡ
֮Ȫ⻰ԺϵıΣæڽ͵г治̫˵Ҷ֪ôһ£Ͼ͵Ǳȥô¡ģһ´õġ
˵⻰ʱ֮ȪѹǼҵŮȫʺһ顣ȷ˵صԺͽֱӽȥˣֻ벻ԷôģƲѡ˿̱ԪʣΪֹгȻԶԣŭѡ
֮ȪıԺһҲеסˣΪԷӲװġѵĲ֪飿һﻮһʺšò̫ܣԷ˿̱ȴظģŽɡ
Ԫ֮ȪĻ󣬿˵УȻ㻹飬ȥһ£ô¡쵼Ӳ죬Ŀǰͷȴ£κ鶼õϳĻǴĿ̩˵
Ԫ˵ʱȥһ֮ȪóԷе˼ô֮Ȫأ֮ǰ˽֮жôìܣʱӦʱһߣͬӦʡӲ£Ļµ˽ܵ˵Ǵ
֮ȪﾡܺǲˬһȻվͳȥˡһҲվˣĿѾﵽˣȻûٴȥıҪˡ
ԪԺϵ̺гһ֧ȻѰ칫һӡ˿̣ǲˬһ֮ȪɵȷʵеܲӦã˿˾һһǰӣͷ֪֮
ղһ˵ʱԪϾֻĸоԷȥæЭʵȴʦ˼֮ǰ֮ŵİ칫öԺѶԷе칫˷ֹźĿһ𣬲ɳ
ڲɳѾӲ㵱лȥˣ£Ȼ۶ԪϺ޹⣬Ըղ֮ȪʱŻǰһǰҪǻɫĶ֮ȪӴԺгʲôſԣ
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֮Ȫǿѹסŭ𣬸ţȫһ绰ѹҵ칫ȥһ͹
ţȫϴĿԣʲôûʣֻһֱӴӦϴƢϤҪʱϻµĻпܰѶԷͷŭĻʱпܳԲ˶ߡ
ţȫӦԺ֮Ȫ׼ҵ绰͵һǳҪ飬æŻͲ˵ȫڴ˾³ǶɳĴȻ˵Դֱżˣģˡ
֮Ȫ֮ǰĻţȫµǺйˣ⻰Ժ󣬸ȫȷˡŵ绰˵ϴ֪ˣİɣһᴦõġ
֮ȪһҶ˵绰ţȫ»˷ĵģĻҲѶԷŵҪλ֮ȪϰϴһޱȻڵӣұۣڹ˾һ⣬һڣôҪġǻǲѽȣĿɲһǰ㡣
뵽ʱ֮Ȫ϶֡һҪǰݶԷͣҲ֮УҪǶԷĻϴεǼ͹ţȫúúһˡȥȻһʵ̫ˡ
֮Ȫﰵ飬Ͳȴ绰ҹͨһҪ㵽гǶȥⲻǳĿҵЦ
뵽ʱ֮ȪҪǹ˼Ӱ죬罫칫ϵֻߵղҵذȥˡ
鵽ز֮Ȫ뷨ƺҲе֮ǰһȥԪֱӺͨĻ
֮Ȫһһ뷨һϼѽƾʲôֲɳŵ飬Ȼڸгǰһ񣬵Ӽ˵ƽȵģǸƾʲôʽĿǺ˵أƾʲôأ
ͬһ飬ֻҪһǶȥܵóͬĽۣ˼븴ԵһҪ֡ʱ֮Ȫ뷨֤һ㡣
һص칫ԺܺáԪ֮ɫʱʶⲽߵжôȷˡ֮ȪԺԪȻûиԷӣ˵ܲãݺ˶Էӡ
ûֻ˼ԲҲҪԼ֣˵ȻӦÿġ


һǧһ ͷأ
˵֮ȪԪԺ󣬻᲻ʼǵͷһһҲģ֮Ȫ֮䲻ԸҲһˣĹоŻʭӶ˲ծ˲ټӣҲν
˿̣ίǵİ칫ѧϰ㱨ոշг칫顣ѧȻľ徭ֻҪĶϰ㱨ˣҪǵ顣
֮˵һȥг칫ңȻһ֮Ȫ͹ȥˡڰ칫ֻʮӣ֮ȪȳģģһĺһƵı顣
֮һĥ֪ôˣﰵСӹȻЩֶΣ֪Ԫƽ£֮ȪһƢҲûУȻǸ֣ԺһҪӵСģŶԷĵ
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ӵ֮Ȫĵ绰Ժţȫ¥ڴſⲽϰͷϣȻð׼óһ㣬ĻпܸڹǺ浹ù֮ȪôŹǹ˼ҲһˣҪµʱ򣬸첲⻹ǵյģȻ
£ţȫֻаѸλҪϴͲΪˡһֱôģҲڲɳ˾ƶķ
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λܶǳŹ˾ʱ򣬸ոнģĿǰΪֹֻǸ˾ľӪ֮ȪҪţȫǷǳܵ飬ȻǶ˲ˡ
ţȫ֮ȪɫԺһڣλܴˡ
֮ȪɳһȻŭ˵ͷأҲ绰ôڻûйҿûгˣҪǿڡ
˵ʱ֮Ȫס˻ͷţȫˣЩҲ˵ֱ̫ף㵽ΪֹԷܶˡ⻰ȥǳŹǹʵҲǱţȫһŵģҰŵܵλϾͶˣвܾλõģֻܷſֽȥɣһͦġ
ţȫ⻰Ժ󣬻Ǻܸжġһֱ֮ȪͦģɳԷҲô֣ʲô뷨ĻҲȺε˵ȵͱԷˣһϴͲˣǺεȵѽ
ϴҲҪ̫ҿҲһƬġţȫ˵
ţȫ˵֮Ȫʹֱش˶ԷĻǲˬ˵ƨĺģô鶼첻ãгǰǻݺݵؼһأǲˣôʲô鵽ǾôˣǼ˹ˡ
Ժţȫ֮Ȫԭˣԭ龹λйϵΪ֮ȪұۣȻϴǻָ˭гһ֮⣬ˡ
ţȫ֪֮ͽˣǰںеʱԩҶͷ֮ʡίУ޵ʱԽԽң̩Ժ߳
Ϊ龹ȻϴڶԷǰӣǴ˿ͷĻ֪ˡţȫ֮ǰŹǿ䣬ڼͷ֮Ȫ˵ҸղѾ绰ˣղڽߵģӦþ͹ˣҪٴ绰ߴߣ
ţ㣬һĥߴˣǷѾ֮ȪС
ͿСӣС£ԷȻ첻ףջ˵ҲͲԷˣţȫҲԼˣʲôҲҶģӰгߴġ
ţȫߵ칫ͲȻز˼룬㽫˶ߡ֮ȪŶԷ绰ţȫѵ绰ողȥԺ󣬶ͻȻ˵绰֣ͻȻһٵţţܣôʲô飬ҽĶأ
䣬ţȫ칫ҵĸߵľű㱻ˣ˽
ţȫ״׼µ绰Ѿ֮Ȫŭ𣬹ǣ˵ٴˣг򣬽˭ѽ´ôеĻ̸ӹģͷ뺦ңǰɣ⻰ҪñȥˣӾ군ˣͿˣǰɣôôһֵܣˣ
Ǳ֮ȪһĻסˣôҲ벻ԷȻѾţܵİ칫ˡԷĻԺﰵôˣҽڸ֮ǰأбѽߣǲˬǻǹվһߣһԣվȰ


һǧһ ô죿
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ţȫȶԷڣæŹʵܣǱô£죬гѾҺõôˣ߿ˣŵҵȥˣгǺܱѽ
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⻰Ժˣվ׼ߡȻûʲô£Ҫǻ̵סĻǾͲˡţȫֽˣæվһѳסǵ˵ϵܣϨϨϴ鲻ãһ˻ܵѽ
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Ժгԭˣԭֺһйϵᵽֵʱͺ޲ý̻ϴζΪԷ˺ܴһͷҪǽĻỹĶء
뵽Ժ֮ǰŭ߰˰ˣ˵ţܣΪѽгһڴϰѡĵطôأɳѾöˣһʶ֪ܲɣһطڣĶɳӣܲûǿתɣĻǰ׳Ҳ֪ôͼˡ
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ͷ˷һṦ칫ǵɫһֺǹĸо
ڸղ˲֮ԩȻ˵û£ܹ黹е㲻ˬѳ˰ص̻ҸһȻŶʵڸô죬ҵ㣬Ǿɣ߸ɴͲˣ


һǧһ һ˲˵һ
˵⻰ʱмĳɷ֣䣬е㼷֮Ȫ˼һֻҪ仰˲ˣҪĻ黹ʲôأɴˡ
ţȫǵ⻰ԺöԷе㲻̫Ӧ˵ղ֮ȪôԴģҲͿˡ֪⿴ȥǳ֮Ȫ˷ʵģܻشԷֻ֮Ȫûʸ±֮ȪŸģǣҲȽϹ㣬м棬ͲһССĹ˾ˡ
֮Ȫ˼Ժ󣬿˵ȫѽ㿴ôȽףѡص㣬ǾڹѾط
֮ȪɵƣȻóǻ˼û̬ǰƤ߸ţȫֻԷǸɴųˡ쵼ľǺãòʱ򣬿ô˵ȻҪָʾˡ
ţȫ֮Ȫ⻰Ժ󣬲ûڣһ˼ʾӳ̶ȡ̵Ժֹ˺һᣬſ˵ϴҾȥҵĻеˡŵ˺֮ĹϵһֱãԺǸǻСٵǶȥڵĻԷĻɣ¼пܾ͸㲻ˡ
ţȫ⻰Ժ֮Ȫͬص˵ͷ漴͵ʲôƵģ˵ȫ㿴Ϲȥ㣬вУ
ţȫûüش𣬹˵ϲУǱΪ˸ϹҾͻֵĹڣʵе൹ҲϰģĻ׳ˣ˵ܰѾ
ţȫǵĻԺ˵ͷԷ⻰ȷʵеŵҪǷֽԣ֪ǲɳŵĴڹҲһ绰ġɳɲڻƽ±֪أ첻ɣϲɣζ˵ȥġ
֮Ȫ˵ĻԺ󣬾ﲻ̫ԸȴòϿʵ˿̣ڵǵʱֻŶϰ⣬벻ȻһС齭׵ɳӸˣԼڿӸԼꡣ
Ժ֮ȪϵĲ豭һڣȻſ˵УȻû취ˣǾô졣ûлͷΪ飬ǷϴĹڸ㵽ˣʲôѣȥ
֮Ȫ⻰еԹǸղǻ˼ôǰ˷ݶԺôǰװء
֮ȪĻ䣬ţȫ˵Уϴģ˵ôô죬ܣ˵ǰɣ
Ǵ˿Ķ˵֣æţȫĻ˵ǵģţܣгġ
УȻѾˣپһ£¾ôôĿŵظɿ϶ǲеģǵޡ֮Ȫѹ˵
֮ȪĻԺţȫ͹ǶĬĬص˵ͷչǰǽ˸ȥһᣬžͰͱȥˣҪȥĻʱ֪ʲô״أ
˺һţȫǰһ֮Ȫ˵ϴ㿴죬вУ˵俪ԺţȫͰ뷨гˡ֮Ȫ͹Ƕú棬ڴŶԷƻС
ţȫ˵Ժ󣬰עе֮Ȫϣܲղ˵ȥȫȡڶԷ̬ȣﻹеСšȻɳƿ֮£ȡ˳ķչ֮ȪҲΪұۣţȫȴ⻹ȫԼ֮Ȫһսȥܳ׷ģεȻһܺõĻᣬץס
֮ȪϸһԺ󣬿˵ҪɹĻֳһ˵ˣǣ㵽вУҪǲеĻҾͿǻˣ¿ɲӲţ׳¡
֮ȪһֱôҪǶԷ㵽һȥ˼۶δػһۡε֮ȪǷǳҪģأһĻԣһǳõ֤ԼĻᣬȻ׷
ǳ֮Ȫţȫ˵гţܣֻܷģһ°õġмҪǳʲôĻҾͲˣֱýˡ
ܣô˵ĻأǶܰ°õġţȫæ˵
֮ȪҲԷĻˣ˵ѽǶһ˲˵һˣ׹һҪǳʲôӣҪ˵ýҺţҲǺιӲĿ½ʡίǡʡʡʵĶ֣£˭Ҳѽ
֮Ȫ˵⻰ĿģһΪ˸ѹԴ£һҲΪ˸˹ľԼڡΪɽ⣬ŲϧðôķգҪǻ˵Ļ÷Ҫôȥڡ
˵棬֮Ȫ仰Ųɡ
ʡ˴˴ε̩ӲģĿһĸӦóͷȻҲӦˡ
һ£Ҫ£֮ȪܴͻܵʡĻһķͷڻʡ϶Ժһõӡǿһ˫ѽٵȸһصģ˷ߴƵʱҲһ㡣
ڣҪĻûа˵ܹؼΪؼĻΣǵһλϵʱ򡣾֮Ȫ˵ҪĻֻ·ߣ
һǼȥĻܸ׳Լȴ̫ϾطϵλޡѾǸˣҪᵽĻֻװӵһˣ˴EдλãȻΪ֮ʣ¾ֻίǺгĿǰҪλõĻѶȿ֪


һǧһ ӱ
һ·ȥʡĲί֣ĻԶԽΪһ㣬ԺҪߵλߵʱûڵطϸһֵľͻ࣬˵ûпԣ׶ҲǷǳԵġ
·һԱȣܿڵطϸɣȥѶȻһ㣬䳤ԶķչȴΪһĻ֮ȪȻ·ˣ·ҪȡóɹĻԵΪҪˡҲ֮Ȫ֪ɵķպܴҲҪȥĸԭڡ
ϸһֱȷûκˣ׼뿪
ٳ֮ʣ֮Ȫ˵죬ˣǹǣο˵ǵΣɣһһۣ극ԺҼҸú÷һ£¾ţܰһ°ɡ
ţȫһӦ
󣬾ϲɫȴ쳣ˣڶԷôʱһܵĴʱŬûа׷ѣȻղλĻ˵úʵ϶ϿɵģҪȻҲôҪ齻ȥ졣
һص칫ҰСʱӵ˻ĵ绰ڵ绰˵ɳŵѾˣл쵼֧һ󣬲ûж˵ʲôֻǶԷһҪһߣȷκ⡣æشӦ
һѵ绰ҶԺŰѻͲ˻ϡյŵ뿪Ժ󣬵һʱ͸֮Ŵ˵绰ԷϢԺֻһȻ绰г˵ԺֱӹҶ˵绰䲻ϰԸ⣬ǲ۲۵ִˣ绰һ˹ȥڶԷͬһ̲̬ȣɶĺͷԵĸоơ
̩еͷæòɿ֮ʣʡӦʡһŰ칫ɽ˿ںɫƤɳϣղļƷҶƬչǸоŮ˯һ㣬ޱȴջɽʵϲȲ裬ȴϲ裬ոݿĲҶɫĲһѵõ
˺һֽӹϰݹĲ豭һߣȻ󹧾ʵϰ壬Ժȥ̩У㿴
˵ӦдһʣΪʡĹһȷԺ󣬺ٻᷢıģȻˣǾһʵɡɽྩģ˵ĸΪԷڻʡε֮һ㳣ʶûеġ
Ϊ֮ǰϰƴȥ̩еʱ䡣˵ζͻòҲǷҪɡȻ˵Ļϰһ뷨бҪѯһ顣
ɽ룬˵²ȥˣĻͬ־ܻˣ鳤Űɣ˵Ժͣס˻ͷ룬ˣȥǿйɣ˵
⻰ԺһϰûԸˣתȥˡȥ鳤ǿ칫ҵ·ϣﻹڰţֻһͨĹ飬ϰôأĪʲôòɣȥǻص֮УէӦˣϰѾܹüˣӦò˰ɣ
벻ϰͼӰִϰָʾ鳤칫ſڣţõԷԺƿ˽ȥϰ˼˵Ժ󣬾͹˳һҲԸλİ칫
λ鳤˶ϰľη˲ⲻЦʵ뷨˵ϲĨǡ˵ǳ
⣬ŵľȻԷ·ֻ֪Էϰ嵽˻Ժ󣬲ʡġⱾҲʲô˵飬ϰƫƫ쳣ܲˡ
Ϊ飬ȻҲϰǳεˣͬһ˳ˣϰĿеĵλֻ߲ͣ˼һֱ쵼İأʱǿʡǲϰֱʣĻûɶѽ
뿪Ժɽһ֧̣ɳһɣͷϸ˼ʡҲжʱˣҲվȽŸˣʡ塣ҵ֣еŴԻ͵ΣһúͶ׼
ɽڵµĴǳȻһʡĶ֣¬Ҳôǵġ¬Ȼֻ֯ԷѾӪһʱ䣬Զʱ֮ڣֱӶԷĿԲһֻаĿѡ¬ϵˡ
ʡʱһ¬ڻʡѾȫˣ¬⣬һ¬ϵŮǵ־ƣһ֣Ůһ
˵ļȻǺܸߣһһǸȴʵְһĻǵȴΪԣ࣬е֡־ʮһȴʮͷʱյĻǻеˣҵһҲԷ
ɽ˼ȴһ֣Ǿ̩еγгһԺ󣬶ԷǡɴʡҪһǮ˵ȥʲôĿɽЩӸ˽ⲻˣҪǮʱ򣬽ö֮ǮһõԺôãôɾ˵㡣ȥԺֻҪԼӹעҵԷ㲻ܽһӴҲҪûк֮ˡ
ΪöԷʱ޻˵һ˵Ҫȥ̩顣һʱҪٳĻǿɾûнˣһ£һʡ֮壬ڼ֮ǰͷ֪ͨ˵ҪǶˣ㻹һ㣬˵У˵ʲôأ


һǧһ 絽
ڹҸ߲һֱǿɲԭ£ȻУǵȻڳгҪλϸȥˡǲ̸£ŲλûǿԵİɣȥʡ߾ĸθְסļܸ֪˰ɣ
һĻɽĿľʹﵽˣһ޴ҽݺݴ¬ҵνһá뵽ʱɽ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʱĶͻȻƵɽſ˵
䣬һʮͷһ岻͸̬˽
ɽԺվȥͬʱЦǺǵ˵ǿѽ
ǿ״æǰסɽ֣ʺһʡȻŶԷһƣȻɳ˼ĸоһûǿȷʵɽĸ˺Էϰĸ֮便һЩʲôͲö֪ˣǿɽ칫뿪ʱѾһСʱԺˡ
ʮ죬̩жԣעǲƽһ졣һ磬ί˶Ե쳣æµȻ̩ɽŵĸͬ־ԼͨԱڲͬĵص㣬ҵĿĶһµģǾȡʡǰһӡλʡԺ󣬵һݰָ̩˭Ҳ⡣
ᵽЩæԺ󣬻һ˾ҲԵøæµǾǰᵽĲɳŵˡʱܾҾ·֪ͨвϵ쵼ӳԱһߵ֮ǰλ˵ȴûн
ڶһ磬˶ҪλԺȴûпܵӰܴԸ֣˭Ҳûпѯʡţܵ۾Ϲӣ㿴һҲˣ˼һּȻʣϹʲôѽǲǳԱ˳
ʮյ죬һˡȥϰ·ϣѩޱһ绰ʱöԷȥ̩ɽȥ鿴һֹ⡣˵Ǳߣõģ֮Ż˵ġˣҪǴǱ߳µĻȾӦô֮ŵƨϣһ̫ע
绰ͨԺѩޱ˵Ѿȥ̩·ˣһṦ͵ˡһŷ˵һлԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
Դϴ˾һԺ󣬱˴֮Ĺϵ˼֡һԶԷ֮ǰ˵ĵȽԺ󣬶Էȥɽض־ϼҳԷһ»Ǻǣҵġ
ѩޱһѾ͹÷ˣҪһЩ֮ǰһֱڵĶЩһԸ־ĳܰİܣԼļȵ֮кܴŮ˲ء
÷һ̸߲һѩޱ֮ĹϵԷиߵĻǷ̩УǹɩӦû֪ˡͨͶԷʱĽŻеġ
һ˰칫Ժ°ݺò裬˵ϰ壬֮ǰκгͺгѾˣ
Ŷһ⻰ԺﻹǷǳĵġκ絽ܹ⣬ֹܵģĿʡҪͷϷȻҵ˵룬ϸ˵û̫ϵ֮Ե֮磬ֻΪ˱һ̬ȣǾʹҹˣҲҪʱܹʱȥ˼ô˵ʶΪϴһǷǳԸ⿴ġ
˵⻰Ժ󣬽ſ˵ϰ壬ҸղſгҲˣҺر硣
һ΢΢һ⻰Ǳ̨֮Ȫǰģе˷ѽˡ֪롢κˣ˵һǱȽģ֮ȪȻ磬⻹е޷⡣ɳŵӲ챻ȡԺ󣬽ûʲôˣ֮磬ⲻò˶һΪʲô
֮Ȫ˿ڰ칫ҲмְգյҲͬ⣬Լ칫̫ˡϿʼ;е㲻Ϊ˱֤ڶгϵʱ˯ú硣ʱͣȷʵеˣһԺ󣬱׼ڿһأ˭֪Ͼͻ˯ˣǱ㽫һԣͷ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ã֮Ȫ˹һƬڣ֪ʱ仹磬һԺϴ׼˯ʱˣȥôҲ˯šȻ˯ŵĻǾҵһ°ɣ˯һS͵ĹᣬĳЩλʱ˾
˿˯Ũо֮ȪĶԺҲᣬ˯ɶԷڡ֮ȪԷϵص壬ǿģһԺ󣬾Ϳʼڹں˯һԺҲˡ
Ȼõ˷й˯ȫޣ֮ȪǿգСʱԺˡ˯ţڴձǸоǳܣֱء
峿֮Ȫ£ųһ緹ĵضԺҲûеطȥֱϰȥˡʼʱ֮ȪûоʲôףȺһ裬֧Ժ⡣ʡ鹤ֹܵĿӲڱμĿ֮ڣûôѽһǱߵԺ󣬱˼뵽ϣ¡
ʶʱѾˣȻˣܲٻȥɣĻ񲻸Ǵ˵֮Ȫû취ֻþ칫ҵţδ֪Ѿˡڶ죬˿̳⣬òûбõİ취ˡ


һǧһ һλ쵼
˵ңһӵί֪ͨ¥׼ȥ̩ӦĽ紦ӭʡһˡĹ֮ر𽲾ӭ쵼ʱ򣬸Ҫ⡣Ȼܵ쵼Դ˺ܲðǣȻִ˲ƣͽд
쵼һĻʱҲᵱ䣬ܱʲô쵼治˵ȴǿǧٱ˵Ҳ͹ˣ˭ҲὫϣ쵼ʲô˵ǿɾ鷳ˡ
쵼ڲ˵Ժ˵˵ʲôʱ˵˭ҲʱǡǹϵǨĹؼʱ̣쵼͵ؼһǿɾ鷳ˡǨǻģ˵˲ʲôӦĻ²ǳԲ˶أ
֮Ȫվڴڿ¥æµĳпѡӭʡɲ˭ȥģȻҲǸгûнӵ֪ͨԭܼ򵥣ļ𲻹ȥӭӵĶίίǳίĸгֻܿվˡ
֮ǰʱоڵԺ󣬲ʲôֻҪǳίʱְһͷĸоָоúǲˬҲðŷҲҪʡǰ¶һ¶ԭ򡣱Ĳ˵Ȱί˳г⣬г볣ģȻ˵Ļ̩ΪʲôͲأ
뵽Ժ֮Ȫе̵̻ҸȻߵ칫ǰ绰¼Ժ˳ȥ
һϳԺһṦһųͶųһһȥʱһҲҪģ˭ԼλãǾԲܵ顣زŴˣһͷ˳εĺϱĿ
ɽ֮ţԪǷǳӵġⲻΪԷһʡ֮ݣҶλʡϴǷǳ̲ŵľ޴һʡܱġ
ʡίǳԪڻʡӪ꣬ɽԺǺܸԷӵģԭ򣬴Ҷġһ££˭ʡ˵Ļ룬ϵ
μͣʱһʱ䣬Ű˵ʮ֮ǰ칫ϢʡҪŵҲ̩ܵУԴĻʡĳʱӦھŵңǵʱ򣬾Ȼǰ˰Сʱɴ˿ɼ֮šԪСĽ
ʱ仹磬ҴӳһԺָϳȥˣֻ˾ؾһ졣Щ쵼֮䲻̫˵ģͨǴݣҲ˵顢˾˿Ʋű߼ʵģʵҲǴĳĿĵġ
һڳϳ֧̣ͼ¼һ֧ĵ˹˻ҵʱİ˵ϣȻһ̤ȥ˻ʱҪǼһ֧ߵϰǰȥǿɾе㲻֪ˣЩϸڣڼǵι̵úܡ
ϳԺعϳţȻعͷһ˵ϰ壬Ҹղ˵ʡ쵼Уֶһλ
ŶһʵȻֻһ֣ȴ뷨ú
˵ʡѡȷˣʱ̫ٳɾԱһ쵼ͬ־ӻɾΪ쵼ʮءɾͲ˵ˣҶģĻǶԵ˵Ҳ̫صġǷǳԵ⣬ʡ˼ȻΪҪҸһȥȥˡ
ĿԾǵҪŹˡһ
ϰĻ˵ϰ壬ԸʡҲһˡ
Ŷһһֻ֮ǰԵı仯
˵ʵղ˵Աб仯ʱһ뵽Կܣ벻Ȼ汻ˡһʡμͱСģԿܵļ룬͸ôһٶʮֵľˡĻԿܸһҪģȻ˵Ļʮа˾Ӧǳġ
֮ǰԻǷԴӻؼҽͼӴ׵ϰ˻㱨ԷӦò˴󶯸ɸꡣһ룬ҪǶԷ֪Флǿ֣ͬǿкͳϵ飬֪᲻ᱩף뵽ʱǲɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
˵ǻԺһֱעϰı֪֡һЩϰлǿ֮飬ԿҲʱæػ㱨ڼϰ岻ûκε֮⣬¶һ˿ЦݣһĻҲͷˡ˵ϰѾгˣģʲôõĵأĹоϻºóֻҪȻûκΣա
˿̣֮ȪҲյԿܽҪ̩ϢҪǱ˸⻰ĻûţлǿԴ绰ģȻŲɡԷ˵Ѿϰ˵ˣʵʱ򣬶Է˵ġ
⻰ʱ֮Ȫֿ˻һԷʾл
Ҷϵ绰Ժ֮Ȫڰ칫СԶҪֹۣʲôɲأ
˵ʮң̩еλίǴӳ·վһţȵʡӵĵ⵱нǾ֮źԪվͻǰλã˰벽ңԪ˵λÿ֮ŲվߣҪԪλκʱκεطһֵĵλǲսģܾͷβԭڡ
վöԺ󣬱μŶȥȴʡһеĵ
ʱһһȥˣֱŵʮңȻûҶе㲻ˣ׷װĿͶ䵽վǰĵλٵϡ
֮źԪûеͷо˴ѯĿ⣬˭Ҳûд硣ʱ˵ĻǾ͵ô绰ȥϵһ£ô¡˺ʡ˶ûн飬е㲻̫ðȻôȥһǵöԷˣǿɲŽеùأ


һǧһһʮ Ǹ
˲֪Ǻ֮ʣͻȻһֻƽʱֻ鸺𱣹ܵģȴԼߡʱ˭Ҳʡ쵼᲻绰ѯһӵĻǵ쵼˭еأ
ֻ˼ԺԪŶ϶Լֻ졣æִҲ´ͳֻʾԺæ˽鳤ãԪʲôָʾ
Ԫ˵ܺСվߵ֮ŻġԷĳƺԺܲζʱʡ鳤ǿ绰ԪȻ飬һ֪ͨԷλã˵ˣӭӵ׼
죬֮źǿͨʱᵽ׼ȥμŸӭӵġǿȻ˵ûбҪ쵼ϲӭһף֮ŵһټ֮£Ҳǿͬˡڣ绰Ҳ֪һõʱ̩е˴ֲһ⣬ؼ绰Ķƺˡ֮źöģ绰ĻӦûǴԷŶԣôԪǶȥأ
֮Ŵ˿ȻǲˬҲ˵ʲôʡ鹤ҪĵȻӦߵ飬Ƕ˵˼ҺгϵòҲûʲôԡ
֮Բˬ֮ʣֻҲæóֻһ쵼ʡȪġʱָ֮мĸо绰ʲôʵԵݣȴԪԼһɳίǰӡ֮æ˽漴һŰ
Ԫӵǿĵ绰֮ʱҲе⣬ڽʱ뵽Ӧһδ֮ŵĺûᡣԷȻһ֣ڶʡһĿǰλȴȻֻǶ֣ȴǰϢǶõĴԷĻᡣ
ԪҴææҶϵ绰׼װһ±Ƶʱ֮ŵֻҲʱе绰ΪˣԷֻسƺ쵼ʱԪ˰أ˵һȪĵ绰һĻȻͲʲôˣԪʶԺæת˵׼쵼һ͵ˡ
֮ҲûкȪ򵥵˵Ժ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰ѾѸղԪСˣȻöԷ⣬תͷһ˵ʡ쵼֪ͨʡĳһ͵׼
ͬϢͬҪǰʡ쵼֣ͽȻͬˡԪ⻰Ժ󣬾ǲмȴһ취ҲûУ˼ҽӵǳʡĵ绰ǿʵʵڵʡ쵼˵ʲôأ
һ֮źԪ红ӶĶú˼ڵ˶һؼжԣίҪгùϵĻǲܵ飬νһɽݶ˵Ĵžô¡ֻҪһл˾ھʡĳӾҪˣԲ๥һòѾΪϰΪ顣
һ˾򵥵ĽԺһӣǰȥǵõϢ塢ӵʱ䣬쵼ĳҪˣĶҵվһɳίǣ龰ȻҲ˿⣬ͬվֱǰȥ
һṦԺһͿǰ˸֪һɽ˹ˣɨǰ֮źԪһֻۣ˶΢΢ȥǹ·ʡѾǸǰһ㡣
˵ʱ١ʱ죬ͣһԺʡίųֱ̩ͣ˵ǰ֮Ȼ복λýϽȴԥҪҪȥԷ򿪳š˵һ֮ȷʵ̫ʰԷţʡݱϾ⣬֮ѵľءԥ֮ʣԪȴ͵ǰһԽ֮ţش˶ųĳţȻְɽס
ɽԴ˵⣬̧űӳ֮Ц˵֮ǣּˣ˵⻰ͬʱŶԷ֡
֮Ŵ˿мʧ֮أ͵ؼɽ飬æȥס˶Է֣кǹ˵ʡãһ·ˡ
ֺ֮ͶԷյһ˲䣬һע⵽һǳεϸڣǾɽںͶԷյһɲǣ漴ɿˡ
֮Ȼ˺ܴȴûеõԷĻӦϲмεɫһֻڵ֮䣬˫ܺõ˹ȥ
֮Ÿоʧ֮ʣʡȪ˹֣ߵ䡣
ͷһصóۣǾɽȪ֮ĹϵƺôǢһĻ֮ȪˣɽȻ̫Էˣĺѿȥ飬ֵʱȴ¶ɡ
Ԫɽ򿪳Ժ󣬱Ѹվصԭȵλϡʡ֮ԺȲȥһע⵽ɽںԪֵʱʱȶҪ֮ţֻһ߸ϵ̬ԪȻһĹ֮飬мּ֮У˵ֱǷĵģװģû֪ˡ
ɽ֮šԪֱԺ󣬽λίˣֵһʱЦ˵һ䣬һгּˡ
һ˵ʡãһ·ˣ
һɳίɽһĶԻ˶ɵ÷׷׶һĿﶼһ⣬δҲ̫ţһɣʡкȻ͸һ˳ʽĻشеҪ˼
һڴ뷨ȴΪȻǳɽôǿǵ͵ĻǸꡪûġ


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ɽȪȻԿܡǿֵһӳԺ󣬺̩е˹˹Ժ󣬾վһߡΪ𲻹ҲûбҪںˡ
һȪԺԿˡһȻлǿйλ뽻棬ӻǵһ档֮ǰȥʡµʱҲΣʺһ͹ȥˣ˽ĽӴǵһΡ
ԿܺһֵͬʱЦǺǵ˵һгΪѽʮͷ;ͳγгģ˵ǻʡһݣ¾ǷȫҲ̫ɣǳǰѽ
һ⻰Ժüͷ΢΢һ壬Է⻰ȥǿʵȴָԿܵ⻰ʵ˵һǨٶȿ쵽˲ϳı󣬺ײһЩ룬Ǿپôȥġ
һ벻Էһھڿ˼ȻصĻǾ͹ҲˡһɿԿŵ֣Ц˵лʡģڴ뵽ʡﶼᳫɲữò˶ãһܿͬ־ﵽ߶ȡ
һ⻰Ȼ˵ÿͿģ΢Ц֮˼ȴԿܸղǻԡԿǸʡû㻹߲ɣҲûôĵӡ
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ǲˬԿܻǺǺһЦȻ󿪿˵һͬ־˵úܶѽľǷǳӢģǶԴȷʵӦڴ
Կܺһһһ˵Ķ棬˶Դ뷨һ
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˿һƽɽԿˣһ費̬м֮⡣ԼĻδؾõǼίǿǳԶûʲôһı֣֮Ա
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һǳǿɽ֮ĹϵǿɽǰŵʡҶ档˹һȻҪ¬һ
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һֱʡûǿӲĿɽԪߡ̩֮˵ίǵλñкܴԪƨɵµģΪڹؼʱû˰˵ŹһԪԼôΪġ
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һǧһһʮ βͬ۹б
ԪʡĴһԺ󣬺׾ȷĿ꣬Ǿ½ʡɽԷʡҪԼİףǵؼегӦ˶Էķۡ׼Ҹȥݷһ¶Էģʡ㴫ʡҪ̩ӲϢ˵ǸѵõıֻᡣȶԷ̩ӲԺٹȥݷãЧӦøһ㡣ҲǳӲһԭ
쿴Է֮Ųǵ̬ΪĻˡڿֹ̫һ㣬Ҳѹ֣õһʡ֮ôǳأֱӰѶһ˵ĿֱӷϣĻδе̫СԷˡ
ʡȪɽһһҲ֪ԷŸ֮ɫĻͦйģס˳ӡʡļȻ·ӣǾ͹ֲֵĲˡ
⣬Ȫ˳ߵ֮˵֮ǣҵĳҼ
֮⻰ʱ¶ϲԽı飬쵼ڹؼʱ̣ͦʶԺæػشǣʡ͹˵⻰ʱ֮ŻɨһԪеζֻܹᡣ
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һݵĻԺһܲɽʱе㲻ֶһԿܣӶԷղŵıλȫǹҲģСӦԣĻֻϺĵ
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ϰϵı鲻ԣСؿ˵ϰ壬Ҹղſ̩ʡĳ
ϰϢԺһ᲻ĵģΪ飬ʱһЩϰܺԵ߶Էı֣˵ʧְˡ
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Ȫ֮ڳﵹ̸˱¼ôһֱϵܴ֮ӹԴ̩Ȫų˺ܴݰε֮Ҳġ
ĵ֮ʱ֮ŵֻͻȻȪǸһЦͳֻʾɽĺ룬΢΢һæ˽
绰ͨԺ洫ǣãʡҪͨ
֮æ˵鷳ߴˣ
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⻰ʱ֮˼ˣ֮ǰ˵㱨ڶȻ˵Ҫˣ˵ûѽģȻܵŶԷ˵æ˵ʡģû⣡
ãǾɣɽ˵ˣ鷳гϵһ£Ҳ׼һ°ɣ
֮һԺ󣬵ɽѵ绰ҶԺˡNO
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ǲ죬Ȫȴᵱ֮ŵЩ˵ĻʡҲе³ˡ˼Ժ󣬿˵绰ԪѽҪ飬뼰ʱ֪и׼
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Է˼Ժֻ֮ипһ䣬ϵȪʡ쵼ǳ͸ԶίܱģνĲβͬ˭Ҳûа취顣


һǧһһʮ Ӳ
ʱȣ֮Ųҵ飬æ绰Ԫ˹ȥ绰ͨԺ˵һȻ󲻵Ԫʣžһ¹Ҷ˵绰֮ŶԶԷղʡҼʱСǲˬᵱȻɫ
ڻĹʲôʱһֵȨǲսģҪԵĻǺһǷǳصġ
ϳԺԪһֱΪ֮Ȫĳڻ벻ԷȴͻȻһ绰˵ʡҪ㱨ǳסˣؼǵã֮ǰʹԷʡʱ費Ҫ㱨ɶԷ˵ҪŴ绰֪ͨⲻǳĿô̵ʱ䣬ȥĶ׼Ըȥ
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λʡ쵼֮šԪһϯ̨Ժ֮Ƚλʡ쵼Ȼ˶ʶλ쵼ȴز٣쵼ǰһĻᣬ
쵼Ժ󣬽쵼ָʾˣڴιУԪӵѩޱ׼õĸ̨ר־ط
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һǧһһʮ 㱨
һɽĽﰵλྩҵƶߣ۸ʻ۽ʶȸ涼Ǹݽ겣ѹ־һҵĽԺܹʡǺмֵġ
뵽ԺһúҢɽһȽϣӦ˵ǧȽ϶ԣɽΪһ㣬ԸΪʢһ㡣˵Ǻ»ǻ£øݾһɽ˵ԿӦûǺǿģ˵һǳĽɫ
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֮⻰Ժæ˵ʡλ쵼еίĹ򵥵Ļ㱨ȻгΪ㱨˵⻰ʱ⽫򵥶ּе˼˶ס
ɽȻλȻȴʡܵίߵĹҪǹʡίǵͷ֮ûбҪ㱨㱨ĻҲ㵽ֹˣûҪʲôƪۡ
֮ŹȻԳУһ֮ھͰѻ㱨㶨ˣҪ̩ԺʱԺڴߡϵһЩûչ˵ѵˮ֣Ļôġ
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֮һʡǰһҪ޳Сˣȴһˣһỹбϡ
֮ԷĻԺе˼һҲģɽǶһۣ治ϣԷһŭݣüͷ·˭Ƿ˰ٿûлƵġ
Ԫ֮ĵ룬װ޹ɣһῴ㻹ôװʡҲֱӽ˵ģߣ
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һ֪Է˵ԭ򣬿Ե֮ţô֪һǶԷأһʡ쵼˼أⲻǵڰʯͷԼĽ
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ڵһô˵Ŀģ˳ԪʵǸ֮ϲ³ʱԪĶ̩егҪվӵ˼ɽ׼ٿһ¶ԷⷬԺɽ̸ı⡣׼ϾͻӦģʱ㱨Ժ󣬿ҪѹƳٵˡһĻϵʱԪһ£¾ǳˡ
뵽ʱɽ¶һ˿ײЦݡʱܵĿľΪбȻҪʡһΪûԼһˣأ
̩ܰԪչǶٺòϢˡ¬ĵһγгԷϼˣٷƶԷĻǿɾˡɽȻǵ⡣
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Ԫķ˰СʱŽĻ㱨漰ܹ㣬Ҳ룬ݾ壬˵Ѫ⣬һߵ֮ҲòΪ֮һá
ڵί֮ǰҲɹһεгԶԪ˵ЩǷǳϤġľԪĻ㱨ȻһЩˮ֣̫࣬⼸Է̩ҲȷʵʵʵһЩ顣


һǧһһʮ ҵֻ
ɽԪķԽԺ󣬿˵ͬ־ǣղ̩еλٵĹ㱨ҸоλӵʱȻǺĬ˲ʵʵڵĹȪͬ־˵ǰɣ
ɽܸоһڳϷе̫˵ȥˣԿѻͷ׸Ȫ
ȪԷ⻰Ժ󣬽˵ѽҺʡͬĸоͬ־̩ˣķ涼Ƚ˽⣬ټ̤ʵصĹ磬֮ͬ־˲ٹȷʵȡ˲ٳɼûйʡǵѽ
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ɽȪķԺüͷ΢΢һԷ֮ͦˡǲˬһȴҲƽֻ֮ʱһߡһתԿ˵䡣
ԿȥɽҪһ̩Ŀľһʰһģ˵ıһҲģ̲˵Ժ󣬾Ͳ˵ˡ
ɽ״Ҳֻաһ۲ίֵͷͷô̸̸ԵĿҶ׷ҡͷʾûʲôҪ˵ġɽ̧ͷ̩е˵̩еͬ־أûʲôҪ˵ģǽ쿪̸ᣬҳԣҪʲôǣ
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ɽ⻰ԺæǺһЦ漴˵гʲôֻ˵Ҹղž˵ˣҳԣξн
Ԫɽص˵ͷ˶ԶԷĸлֺʽĶԺһ׼һƪ۵׼֮żװǻƵ̬ǲˬǲǷԷˣɵӶóʡôҳԣǾһ׻㻹ˣԴ㶺ˡ
Ԫڷ֮ǰԲǶһۣ֮һмɫﰵΪгʡ㣬޿֣ɲϴ뵽ԺҪݺݸԷһµ˼Ϊǿҡ
ԺԪԥֱӿ˵ʡλ쵼м飬㱨
˵ʱͣ˻ͷϴһۣɽȪԿܵ϶û׵طţѸɨ֮һۣԷһνļƣͷŭһ¾ˣ룬ˣǾ͹ֲˡ
Ԫڣ˵Ҫ˵ڸղ㱨֮ǰѾᵽˣǾǹλ㱨׼òǺֵܳ⣬ʵԭġ
ⷬԺ֮׶Է⻰ˣֻһ࣬ʶҪˣﰵԪɵƣ¥ĻԼȥɱҡ
֮ŵԪҪǰ˵ɽһ᲻ʹ졣ʡҪǲˬʲô鶼пܷùȻ̩еˣΪίǣֺͳʡüȥģȰӵģԪ⣬ǾͼпˣУҪֹ
Ժ֮Ųԥڵͬ־ʱ䲻ˣ飬ȳ극Ժ쵼㱨
Ԫ֮ŵ⻰Ժ֪ѽȻ˵ĻȻôǿӲ˵ʱ͵һ㣬ѵΪ㲻ɣ֮ôģΪÿҷһˣ
뵽ԺԪ˵ǣҾӦò˵һ仰ʱɣ
⻰еĻҩζ൱ˣ˼ó̩ߵͷһϼ쵼棬طϵһìܣɲʲôѽĻĽǸʮ壬쵼һӲŽӡ˲飬һ㶼ȥɵģ֪г˽ǳԴʲôҩҪô㡣
֮ԪĻԺ󣬶ӶҪˣһԷ⣬ѾûκλŶ˵ˡ
ȪԪĻԺüͷ֮ǰԱɽǿһۣԷҲһˬ֮ɫ˿˵뷨ʼٸʡˣڱеҲͦ˼һ飬ﲻϷȥأ
뵽ʱȪ¶һ˿Цһ߲輸ϵɲ豭һڲˮðɳһɣÿϷ׼
Ԫ֮Ϣˣ⼫ˣͣԺ󣬿˵Դǽӵʡ칫ʡλ쵼Ҫ̩Ӳ֪ͨҾͶ쵼ʾǲҪ׼һݻ㱨ϣɶԷ˵ãڸղŴμŻ·ϣȥŶȴӵ˵绰֪ͨ㱨һ£ô̵ʱ䣬ܱ֤ȫ׼ȷԣ
⻰˵Ժ˶ʮ˵Ļһĳţ˵ĺ⣬κɵӶóе쵼ָ˭̩УܱԪΪ쵼ģ֮ţҲڶ


һǧһһʮ ʡ˼
ڳĴ˲˽⵱еľԪĻԺضĿͶ֮šгìͷֱָίǣôίǵܵøͰɣʡ쵼µɾʵˣǿ˲顣
֮ģ֮Ŵ˿ȴɮ붨һ㣬Ƕһ·ղԪ˵һϵҲûƵġ
һ֮ŵıԺǾ֣תһ룬еԭڿ֮ǰȷģ㱨ȷʵʱӵģҪǴ˿ŭݣΣʡˡһĻȷʵ֮ûаϵĳ̶ֳ˵һܺߣԪ쭣ȻӲıҪˡ
˸о֮ʱɽͻȻ˵̸͵ɣɢᣡ
˵⻰Ժ󣬲ʾֱվӦȪԿܣĻԺ˶վһ㶣漴ȫӦ˹ȿֺվ֮ŰȻֱӱݼȥ
һڸǰʱƳһ۴ľԪ̿ɻɻɵƾٶһ֮ͬҲûУʡҪ쵼Ӳ֮ʣȻڿӸˣֵͬ顣
ҵ˶ԺԪԴɳϣôҲ벻ףôġ֮ǰʡǶмӵģôͻȻȻɫأղ˵ǷĿǳ֮ȥģôʡأ
νԹ壬˿Ԫǡˡ
гԿһ߼ΪѣϰղǻȻǸ˶㱨һʡʱģϰȻں£ǲϰһãȻӣ߶Է¶ԷǨŭȨһԺǾ˵Ϊ
Կ˵ϰ壬쵼ǶˣԿ˿С¶Է쭣ֶˡ
СȻǶģԪԺ󣬻һ̧ͷһԼ飬ʶʵԿѽô
ҪǶԷƺԼ֣ԿһΪϰڣϰȻָˣȻװˣ˼Ժ󣬽˵ϰ壬Ҿǻ㱨Ӧʡ˼ԡ
ʲô˵⡭ʡ˼ҡô֪Ԫ״ε˵
ٿ⻰ԺƲѣ룬ڳ˼ˣ˵ô֪ģҾͲˡ˶Էһۣӿ˵ϰ壬ҲֻҵĲ²ѣһȷ
Ԫ⻰Ժߴﹾĺһ͵ؿ˵ʡҲѽԵǡ
˵ʱԪ͵ͣס˻ͷѾһδˣǧٷڶδҪǰ˵ĻԺֳָʲô粨أعԪ˿ǺݳԼ⣬õľ汻Լƻˣ滹֪ôճأ͵ʴףʴѻͨף˵ǽסףһ㶼Ϊ
Ԫϵ̩ʱ˶Ѿˣ֮ŵһӿǣһңȻġæͷ첽˹ȥ֮ǰ̧ͷɽȫһչŵСϱŵһ㡣
Ԫ˲Ӳȥɽûһֻۣ˺ҵȪԿ˵ؾûԪ˴һ㡣龰ԪϺһļơ
ԱѲ˶ԺֱϷˣԪסˣʡ쵼ôһ˯Ҳûأе̫˵ȥˡ˸ղŵľԺٺҿˣǵͷ֮ŵĶʵǣôûаһˮ׾ƲеĻԺƻơѽֱӳԷĻǲе̫
֮ԷĻԺͲһɵƸղĺ£ʡͷϣ˭Ⱦһ磿뵽Ժ֮ų˵ʡ⣬ҪʵĻǵȥ
Ԫ㱻֮ŵ仰ҭתȥͷͽȥˡ
֮ſԪǵӣøղܵǿһЩղڻɽȥʱ֮Ҳʶ֮ǰԪͷǸǶôǡٿԸɽԷûаϵίġ
ԹȻóԪ˵ǻԵ֮ţΪ˵ɽδؾֱܷ
˸ղǸڽԼȫ鵱ժ˳ɽԪôðҲֵͷϣҪﵽЧعͷµʱֻ֮Ҳѡ
˺̩Ժиѩޱ͹ʾˣҪҪϾơʡдʲôģɸ츺ģԪ棬ֻ֮ʾˡ
ҪûиղԪһ֮һֱȥɽʾˣᣬʡͷأɲԸȥùͷһ£ߵȪĸǰСذ뷨˵˳
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һǧһһʮ н򣬱г
Ȫ⻰Ժһ߿ˡ֮ż״æ˹쵼⻰Ժʧص˵ͷղ֮쵼ȥһ飬һĿľ̽һɽ̬ȡ
ӽ֮ǰϵԪǸɵʳԺʡ̩кܲðһҪģٳ״ˣҪԲ˶ˡ
ûоƣԷٶȿ˺ܶ࣬ۿԵÿˣ֮Ȫ㶵ֻͻȻϣ˵ֻ״̬˭ҲΪ¸Լ鷳ġ֮Ȫͳֻһǹǵĺ룬æվߵȥӡ
һֱڲŸԷ绰ʵ̫ˣһ磬͵˲ɳϡ֮ǰҪԶˣҵ
֮ǰţȫŵҳĵĵ绰ŵңԷǰԼĴ˵绰绰ݲжǸб䣬ʱȴ֪ͨ
ǿʼʱ򣬵Ҳûע⣬쵼ȻõȣǾ͵ŰɣҲɲˣǽ飬Խˣһֱȵʮһ㣬Էûе绰绰ȥѯʵʱţȫ˵ûнӵгĵ绰ô£ҲùֱӴ绰֮ȪԷѯʡ
һֱǶǳ֮ȪϴζԷΪ´ԺηأĶҴ绰Էһֱʮ㣬ʵǰȥˣǸ֣ɰϵĹ˿ɶûгԷأе绰ĻҲûɻѽ
Ǽ״ʵûа취ˣֻͳֻ֮Ȫ绰
֮ȪԷ˼Ժһ£˵ڻ쵼г̣ȥзùǽһ£ǽҪ˳ɵĻû˷һٿǮ𡣡
⻰ԺϲЦտֻĵ˵У֪ˣ㡭Ŷг
ɵнʱʲôг֮Ȫŵ绰ŭȵ
£н򣿹һסˣӦ׼һʱ򣬶ȴཱུæҡҡͷתԸзȥˡ
֮ȪҶϵ绰Ժһ֮飬СӼֱﵽ˼㣬±Ͳʲô飬ôܵŹ˵汩¶أǸɵԲûйյλͻǽ
һ֮Ȫĸϣſڣ֮ȪʱһĲˬ֮ɫﰵ֡ղԷȥӵ绰ʱ򣬿ǼҴҵģôƵػأ⻹м֣
֮һֱˮݵĹϵлǿ̩ʱί߹һΣǴ¼Ժ󣬿˵ǳֽˡһ֮ȪĹĳ̶ȳ˶̩еκһˣΪԷǸʲôɫûеߣʲôܸɵóò
緹Ժ֮ŽһһȥΪʡ쵼±ӦԪһģɵҲóɽԪڳ緹Ḷ́۶ûԷһ££֮ŵȻȥжԷˡɽһʡ֮Ҫ̸ԿڽӴĻӦ߳ǣڵµֻ֮нһˡ
һȻ²̫ð֮кˣҲþֻܾøڶԷݿȥ
һĻƵ˿ɲ٣ԪԲ˵ˣⱾڵ飬ȴһʽ򡣴˿̣֮ŵûʲô⣬ҪǹȥĻʡһ᲻ʹ죬˵ֱӳ쭶пܣǾԶ֮úܡ
Ԫ֮У֮ȪҲƣе޷ˡô˵֮Ҳܽһȥ£Ļɾ·ˡƵĵ⣬֮źһһ¥ȥĻͲ֪˭ȥʡг̰ˣΪĵ顣
ʡôʹ죬ҲһҪߵطϵͬ־׼ôţĻԺ󣬳˾ƵŶ֪Ķˡ֮ǰ֮ȪһҲ£ΪֻҪԪ绰֪ˡԪûȥԷĻҲȻǱ߿ɻĵ绰أ֮Ȫе㲻ˡ
ҪǲŹ㱨һڣ֮ȪҲòģɽȥɽ̩ĻһȥˣòŴڶһţڵǳҪάԭƻĻɽ˽Ҫס̩ˣҪǼƻбĻǾ׼ô䡣֮ȪԴ˶һ֪ܰأ
һ֮ŵĺڰ¥˴ԼʮҾˣ쵼ݵ֮ǰͰźˣȥҪҲ̬ʾһ¹ĶѡɽķңԷ˵Ȼʱһ㣬׼̩¿ξʹſһʵĻסһٻӦ죬˵İﶨ
֮ǰ֮źһʵˣɶԷ׿˵ֻһȷһ¶ѡ
쵼ô˵ôãǵȻʲô֮һرʾһѸȫٳʲôгˡ֮Ҫ˵Ϊؼһ仰ԸԳˣôҷѾĻĳɼΪԪɵһ仰ȫĻίҪ˴ǵġ
ɽ⻰Ժ󣬲ûʲôκαʾֻһϵĲ豭֮źһ״뿪ˡ
̩λ쵼ķ䰲¥ӵԺֱ֮ӻ˷䣬һ׼ȥκѩޱš


һǧһһʮ г
ղڵʱ֮Ѿ˵ˣ֮ǰļȶ䣬Ҳ˵ȥ̩ȻȥɽŲĻӦܹȥˡ
һǰߵʱͻȻ֮ȪӶ˹˵ȥɺϣһܾöԷרǵһ㡣
׻Ժ֮ûйʲôӣʱҲǵͷѣʱװûпԷֱ̧뿪һΪҲ⣬˭֪Էȴкˡ
һгæѽ
У֮Ȫг£
֮ȻһֱôԸҲûе˺ĳ̶ȣԶԷкһȻ֮һֱһˣ̫˲ҲĴԭ˾һߣұȻһɡ
֮ȪԷʻԺװӣʵҲûʲô£ˣʡǵгôŵģ
Ŷ֮ǰһȥ̩ͷɽҪҪȵˡһش
ⱾͲʲôܣȻԷˣȻܱˣ˵ղ֮Żһ˰֪ͨȥأ
֮Ȫ⻰Ժһϲϵıȴûκα仯˵ҪסһѽֲˣǺǣ
ѽҲһٶһ˵
л֮Ȫһæת뿪ˡ
һ֮Ȫɴӣͷһʺţ첢û飬ôϢԺԵ˴æأһᣬûκͷһ㲻ˣ̧ǰȥ
֮Ȫ˿̵ͷϲѣղŵһȫȷġղžһϸ˼Ժ󣬾ûһ½Ϊһ㣬֮űϾίǣֻһͨĸг֮Ĳϴƺе㲻̫׵
֮Ȫѹס飬첽ԼķȥҪϢ֪ͨȥùǴЩ˳˵֮Ȫǵ۳Բģ±ŵ˷֣׽֦
磬ңС˹һ̩ʻȥ
һʱԸٺʥ˵绰˸֮ǰİţһ̩һɽһ˵ҪǲܳκһΪ⣬Ļһˡ
ٺʥﶼǿĻᣬ˶ҵϾס̩ͷɽġߵסλûгʲôࡣᣬӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬸ǲҵѸԸԷ˻㱨
һ㱨Ժ󣬾ûʲôˣ˼Ҫա
һ˵̩Ժ󣬸оͦģˮȷʵûʲô˵ټСţ̨ͤ۴ѡַƣʩȽϵλ˵ķ羰ȴĿ֮С
ʡξֵľֳƵƵͷʱʥ䣬ȥۻǺܲ
ɽмʧ֮⣬Ҳòһ˻ǿϸµģ̩Էʵʵ˵飬ȴġȻʡʱ䲻Ҳ֪̩һģֻԭȵĻϽ˲ڿЧǲ˵һ⣬Ҳ˵жĳɼֻ˵һ㻯ɡ
ԿܿǰһĻǲˬһͷ̡뷽跨Ҫ̩ɲΪ˸һСӳ޸ģǰһУҪҲĻҲ֪ôӺοڡ
лǿָʡξֳרҵʿһʲôģΪ֮ǰԷ͸ڿǻȻ̩е˴ûȣָˡһȻص˵ξֲֹܵģΪʡкˣȻת۾Ͷ׺ȥˣҲ̫еĿˣߣƣ
ʡξֳںʥ̸̩԰ĺڹ滮͵ؾһ𣬴һ磬ãȻܿú֣ûиðеûѽԿǲˬбһۣеˣ漴ͷһתװûпӡ
֮ǰ̩ͨξֳ帺µĳгһĵϸǿʡίί֯ĺˣôΪԿĸʡȥԷأӽˮˡ
̩ܲһȦԺ󣬱ϳ뿪ˡɽԿܶбȴòʧ飬ڻзɽǶ̩οصĿǾͲŵǶԺ󣬻Ҳһǿм˹أ
ϳ֮ǰһʹ绰ͻϵˣҲȽ̩ԣɽٵѹܸҲڰ·ߵʱ̩ţɽںҪԭ
ͨղŵһ۲죬ȷԿһҪµģֻ̩ʱûҵĻᣬɽԺʮа˾Ż
˵ɽ̬ȣڻʣһǳԿµĻһʡǳ⿴ľ棬⼫пܾǶԷʱԿܼοҪԭ
Ѿزһ̹Ȼˣڿ˹мλϣĿ֮ǰ˳ֵ׼糿ѧڴȥһȦ̩١ʥ˵ĹҲӦλˡԷӲҪͷҲҵ˵ģֻһһˡ
̩ϵٵλڽɳķɽ벻̣ټΪ˱ֳӵԣҵٶȶ죬ɽʱѾĵҡ
ڷɽȪȼٴſڣлٺºŵĶȼٴĹԱϵɳĸɲίƵĴһſӭʡ쵼쵼Ĺ١


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һֽԺºλ쵼˶ȼٴԭĵĻ¸ĽģȴȻǶǷɽȪȼٴȪŵĶȼٴ֮Ĳͬˡ
ɽ˿ʩȽĸң״ȪأðˮɵðͷϴȪȷʵһܣܵȻȪûгеȷʵѵáȪȼٴ壬ȪϴԡסޡСʩҲһӦȫһģƹݣɹοٴд輼ա
ԿָڵĳˮʵȻȪڲٵطȪݶǹͷ⣬̩вҲɣһг
⻰ֱӳһʵģȥƺ̫׵תһ룬ĿһģʣҲδɡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬻شʡȪȼٴܾºش㣬ⷽһ⺺һҪ˵˵ĻǿɾЦˡ
һ⻰ȥбԼ˼ǶĻôοĸˣԳ⺺ĻԿʲôأ˵ǸʡȪԲרңȴһòƱȽרҵ⣬ֻǲװˡһоԿܵĿľҲģȻĻȻûٺͶԷıҪˡ
º⻰Ժæǰһ˵ʡȪǴȻġ֮ǰгøȪȼٴΪ˼ȪۣĻҲôȥɵġνĹͷ̹飬ڷɽȪȼٴǲڵġ
ºΪɽȪͶ֮һڸղԿܵĻǺܲðģȻԷӡȻǸʡ̩һĶֵ⣬㲢ûʲôϵº治̫Կܵʣνعٲֹܡ
ԿҲˣʲôܾһǷǳάģ˵֮䶼ѶԷߣҪǼ˵ȥĻȻֲźõģȪȷʵ̫˽⡣ȻȥݹٴΣ澿ôһ£治ǺԿܻе㵣ĳָղһ˵ǻһҪ˵˵ĻǿɾЦˡ
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һҶûʲô˵ˣǰһɽʵʡǲȥɽ濴
ɽһ̨أ⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼ¿ˣװһЦݣȻ˵УһгģȥɽȪȼٴĻͦģŷɽĿҲʧģȪʡ˵ǰɣ
Ȫ⻰ԺҲ͡
һɽ⻰΢΢һתһ룬˶Է˼ȻȪȼٴҲʲôˣԽһ㣬ʱȥɽҪǷĻͿı׼ȥˣ˵ˣνİɱ
Ҫǻһ쵼̩ӲĻһһ֮ࡣΪһɽݣҲ˽Ķ˼·ȥóЩۿ˵˳µ顣
Ȫȼٴţڻٺº£ɽȥˡ
ʡƽԭźǼɽźɽ˵޷ģȴʵʵشڻ˵УͺϷ˼ѩΪһġΪɽ˶ɽԽýһԽϴһΪɽ
ٺºʡ쵼ȵҰɢ˲ûнȥһ棬̫࣬Щǳֹǣһ棬Щǿɷֲ˭ʡ˭ǳʡģ׾ŵ쵼ǣĻ̩е˿ǵġ
ͨԱĽܣ֪ĿǰֻжʮӶֱɢڹ̶Ҳ˵νɢҲֻԶԣȫɵɢĻɽǲ߱Ǹġ
ɽȪһЩڶɢϸڣԱһһ˽𡣻ҲʧʱʡλҪ쵼㱨ɽĳڿֻһڿ׼һЩԶԣΪһĶɢ԰ĵΡ
λ쵼󣬲ûȷıʾֻǵͷʾϿɡǺԷǼȡڿʽأ鲻ѣѵûʽ𣬻ĹоϻɸΪ֮
Ӷɢ԰ԺȺֲ԰ݹݺֳݹֻ˺ݣССʨѵأޱݹݻһƬյأ˵ǶڿĿ˵ֳǾ͸ǼˣмĿ⣬Ķڽ赱С
ɽ޴ӿڣ̩еڰͲأǾͺü̸ڹ̵ˡ
ЩǼȽϴĿһЩԽСĵ㣬һ·ûжͣɽ֮ʣ԰ſڡĿĺ֣ټһ֧˿ﲻΪ֮һݡ
Կܼǰһ˵˭ģδе̫Ѫ˰ɣʡ˵ǰɣ
ѧˣڿڵͬʱɽ
ɽ˶Է⻰ԺɫһĶԷСӲ磬ֱ̧ͷһˣ˼Ȳ϶Ҳ񶨣ȴҪ̩е˸һ͡


һǧһٶʮ ԣһ
һҲû˼ǺһЦ˵ĿʡԺͬ־Ƶģ⣬ҵʱһ£ԺԺ⣬ʡҪǾò̫׵ĻǿԸģܣ¼
⻰Ժ󣬶ĿͶԿܣʡԺԺǿǻʡһеȨȫһ֪ȣ㸱ʡһ仰Ͱ˼ҴʦĴˣҪǴȥĻһ
Կ벻ССĴȻ֣֮룬˵Ҳһ˵̩еͬ־Ҳ̫⣬ܾ߼߼ǰɣҾòã˵οϲҿɣ
˵ʱԼûʲôˣְʯͷԼĽţʵĸо
ɽԿһۣͷƣԼܸ߹ǰλʸʡˣָʰһĻе㲻̫ʵʶʱɽе㷸ˣ˵ʵֱΪֹ˵Կ޷ΪѶԷԳֵĻҲʲôõЧ
֮ǰɽһֱģǰĻԺΪҪʰһˣǻֵ
̩Ժر翴⼸ĿԺû֮ǰ뷨ˡȻԸϣȴòϣһȷʵ򵥣ѸλˣЩµ˶䶼ǷǳάģûһǾһġ
԰ڷɽɽ£һƬï֣ܵԡϸ˵áĻǡ˶˼䲻ķ⣬ԭòڷɽ㿪֮ǰºʹһƵԣ֮ǰĻϸĽġ
԰׼һԺԿܵˣ֮ǰηѶԷ׻ˣοĻᣬΪۿɫȥԺӦþҪֱӻؾƵˡ˵ȥţǾ͸ûϷˣǶɺһʲôϵˣҪ쭵ĻǶԶԷҲʲôӰ졣
һϸԺԿ˵ףŲǰһʵг԰ûоϼйزŵ׼ѽָڹҿĽֹģټϸղſЩǹ֧Ļ˭еأ
֮ǰԿηʶֱһȥģڳ˶óԸʡƺ̩еλĳгܸȤÿηѶǱŶԷȥģ˲վԩǽг𡣿еõ۵ӲУȻʵϷﶼһȤһȥܸʲôĻش
ԿܵʻԺɽ֮ȪԪﶼǷǳĵģ⻰ȥֻһʣȴǰɱǵ͵ĺһϸأԷҪǻش𲻵λĻҪ˵԰ɽĿҪܵɡҪǸʱĻһҪ밲ȫĻɲô׵ˡ֮ǰ̽ԺԿʹɱУȷʵмڴ֮⡣
һڸԳʱ򣬾ͺơºһоصķɷ棬ЩȻȥ޹ؽҪ飬һĿϸߵĻǿɾͲ˵ˡ˾ϸоԺ󣬶߷гͻĵط˻رܣŸԳ
ԿܵⷬԺһͷӿһ֮Уʼʱû̫ϣ˵µҪԣŽģĻ治֪ôشԿܵĻˡ֮ǰµǷȻѶԷѷˣΪ˲Щ뿴ЦʧϹװ֪Ǻõ飬ֻ۾ûشԿܵʻ
ɽһֱһıֿڼԷʧı飬֧֧ز֪ˡԿܵйȻɱ˶ԷԤ֮⣬Ϊ˽һƵǽǣ·ˣɽ˵һгʡ⣬ǿɲܻرѽǹϵǴǵ⣬ѽ
һ벻һȻʡ¶ţԷȴѾܾˣҲһ֤֮ǰۣǾʡ̩ĿĵġĿʲôѾ¶ˡ
˵ԷΪʲôһ̵ֱڲſڣΪ֮ǰûʲôõĻᣬή٣ȻԥˡʡģĻȷʵһܹȵϵģ͵ֲӲӥ
һһĻԺһЦλ쵼˼ˣοҪʧˡ
ǰһ˺ǺһЦȻ󿪿˵лλ쵼ĹģڸĿʱҺϵǾѾע⵽ˣоԺ󣬾⡣ȣǹ⣬һǹбõǳСҪ˵ˣǶԹûʲôã˵һǹڲ졢ʹù˵ǹûʲôϵʡ֪شܲ⣿
ȻղԿѾָˣһȻֱӳŶԷʡ
Կһ⻰ԺвʣһȴҲʲôһԺ󣬿˵У˵ǹû⣬һ£ȻԳʲôҰҿֹɱģҲ֪ɣ
ǹ⾿ô綨ԿܲǺܶһ֮ӣӦòм٣ӦûôĵƴҡҰﲻɱ㣬ԿܿǷǳģҪһỹô⡣


һǧһٶʮһ ԣ
˿һȻô˺Կܹа壬ȻǱӦսܹ黹սˣһ˻ûۿԿܴڱˣ˭֪ȴƲǹⲻ̸ʲôҰϡ²֪̩λгӦأ˶עеһϣɽȪҲˡ
һԿһģ룬ѹĶôԭŴ⻹治ĴҼȻܰǹѵӦԲеҰɵ
ԷӦٶ۲ĴɴԷӦٶˣ㻹ҪۣǾĲˡ뵽ʱһ¶һ˿ЦȻ̫ϲ˵ӲҪȥΪѵسһƣҲǲС
Կ֪ܲһ˿е뷨ûش𣬻ΪԷ˼ԲߣȻ⣬ǿڴߴٵгӦûʲôѶȰɣҪ˼ôʱɣ
ŶǣҸղеˡһһǸ˵
£Կ⻰ʱ򣬲ûһͷԵȶԷĻش벻һﾹȻˣʵ̫ˡ
һԿǵ⣬һԺ˹˵ʡղ˵ĻһûȷʵбҰصķ棬㣬ڳ˶֪
˵Ժһͣס˻ͷ˵ˡ
ԿܼˣѾƵǽˣ㻹Ӳ˼ǲƺĲײĲᣬɵã˻ƺĶײᶼ䣬Ȼ˵Ļǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ԺлǿһϢĻᣬֱӿʵгȻ˵Ļҽһ£ô£ѵҵķɷ浽̩ͳһֽˣŽڳλ쵼Ӧġ
ԿܵĻԺһֱһԹ۵֮Ű಻סˣ֮ǰʡһˣȻԣڶԷȻ̩жȥˣȻûٵˡ̩еһѽԿܵⶥñ֮ҪǱڳļ߱ȥĻί벻ˣкܴĿȫ
ʶԺ̧֮ǰһ׼ڣͻȻ䱻קסˣϼȪĶ
ڣȪѾ˵ˣ˵˵⻰ʱһŬŬ졣֮⻰ԺסǰͶԷ۵ĳ嶯쵼ģ˵һһģֻղԿ˵ǻ̫ˣ̲סҪǰͶԷ䡣
һԿܵĻԺﲻˬ˼㣬̩ʼһֱΪֹ֪ԷҲ£һǿѹͷŭ𡣾ԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣˼ұϾǸʡأڴ֮ͥ£¼ͶԷ˺ƤĻпܴûˡ⼫пһⱾһײȥġ
˵ͷˣ˵ܹ޶ȵģ׻˵˻أοһһʮͷӺ˿̣Կ֮ܵѾ޿̵ĳ̶ȣȻҲˡ
һǰһֱԿܣ˵ʡȻղŵĻУԵ̩УҶóǸԳŻᷢ˸̾ģҾֱҪһ¡
ѽͳѽԿһ˵
ó˿һ쳣˵ˣҪﵽЧԷ˷ŭ˵ղŵǻ˵˵ϣѾǿ֮ĩˣҪӲţ治һܽ˵
һŶԷ⸱С˵ʡ쵱ʡʡԼλ쵼棬һڴһ仰Ҫǳ岻⣬Ҿ̩еˣΪĨ˺ڣǵȻҲûгˣܽ˵أʡǲҲӦʾ
˼˵ղʵ飬ҪǲܸһĽ͵Ļʹȥ̩еĳгһְ˼𣿡ԿܵȻֿ˻ϻװ쳣ƽӣ˵
Կܷǳ֮ǰһе˵ĳ˸һĽ͡Ϊ˷ֹһϷǰ·ˡһĻûк֮ˡ
ǣһն˵ҪܸһĽͣʡָô˵أ
ԿһĻԺ󣬿⵽̩˵˾רΪһȻԼͷ˽⣬ʱҲɹٻ£ԴӺͺҢĹүǴλԺѾˣ⼸겻ⲻô£Ҳ÷ˮġ
ԿܱΪٸںʲôˣ벻ӵ̩иһԺһĸгȻһΪʡĶأԺȥɽһ̩пʡǺܸӵģʹӦ
˵̩еĿģԿܵĶλǷǳ׼ģ˼ұϾǳгôܽôġ˵ˣҲǸԷ£ҪһʲôʵԵӰ죬ǲܵ顣벻ԷȻʾɱҰҪҪǲĻȥ̩ггһְԿ˵֮ϲ
Կڵ֮ҲѣΪ˼һ˵Ҳøһ˵Է˵гܲҲ˵ȥʡʲôİɣĻеɵˣɳĻ治֪ʲôע


һǧһٶʮ ԣ
ԿܸеΣ֮ʣ̧ͷɽλȥе֪¬ҵ飬һ¬µĵ󽫣Ƕ˵ɽûɲ֧ġȻԿܸоʧǣʡûΪͷ˼˿ûһۡ
ɽȻоԿܵ˼ǹⲻǱ߿ġԿܰһƵǽǣԴȥгģǷǳĵģȴһҲûб¶
˵ʱӦͦԿܲŶԣһϵı鿴ŴվΪԷ˵ͷ
˵һղ˵ĻʱӦĲŶԣźǣӶԷϲûпı顣Ȼȥгģ⻰Ҳ˵˵Ҫ䵽ʵĻǲܵ飬һȫԲ˵ǻ˭Ա˳ţӲԼơ
ɽôһɳɵȻˣԷ˵ĻǾ˵һ顣һĻûҪ֮һˣɽۻԣŸΪǡѡ
Կܿɽı֣ейˣ˼ҲԸ磬ܲӲȥ˵棬е
ʡȪ˵ıֶǰһ˵ʡһгȻĺģҶעµûͦģҿ㿴вУҪһгܸһ͵Ļ˵ղŵʧƫˣǾ͵ʡʹҵ̩еͬ־Ǹ
ԿȪ⻰Ժﻹмָм֮ģΪԷ⻰ȻмġԺ˵УͰȪʡ˼죬гҪܰɱҰ½ˣҵ˵̩Լг˵Ǹ½Ͳأгǲİ֮ǰ˵ȥ죿
⻰ʳԺ󣬻ûеһڣȪ˵ˣʡǲ˵ЩģҿɣгҪǽͲĻǾ͸ְɣ鱾ԣӦҲˣ㿴أ
Ȫ⻰ȻԿܷʵģڽһмˣΪм׼Żдһ˵ڳ󣬾ȪİŻǱȽϿ͹۹ģһʶص˵ͷ
ԿȻвʣҲҪΪ飬ͰһĳгȻǲ̫ܵ顣˵ĿջͰȪ˵öԷʵʵرһòƸΪס
Կͷʱһˡ΢ЦǰһȪ˵ʡлĹģһûʲôŵ㣬˵㻰һ㣬һԳɱҰ飬ҲܸһĽ͵ĻǱ֮ڣһϼ֯ϽǱ棬ʱʡһ֤
һ⻰һڳ˾һ̫עµĺ롢κѩޱ˶׷תͷվһߵƺºԳûͶӪҵǶҰҲǺȻͦһ˵мֵ֮⣬ԷϾǸʡһеĻһ
ƺºһ֮ɫԺ󣬼ŷһаٷ֮ٵİղŻдһ˵ģ̳ܲˡѩޱһǰɽ壬ﰵ˵ˣ
һǿƵı֣Ҫ˵ɽղﻹڴ֮ĻѾȫʧˡûбʤİգ˭ɵƵԼĽǰȥͶԷģ̩֮ǰŽԿܵ־ܰһֱʰˣڿеˡ
ԷᣬֳĳȡϹӺգ治֪СӵĵġȥԺбҪһúоһĻ˵¬ˣһ᲻ᱻ˼Ҹ˵
ȪһȻûаĻȥ̬ȺǷǳصġԷ֮Ի˸ı֣ȫԵԿܣûаëǮĹϵȻ˵ĻȻὫ˷ϵġ
ԿȻҲһĻﵱһ˿Ծ˿Ѿﻢˣ֮ǰĴѾ˵ȥˣͷĻԺڻʡĲҪȥˡһһۣŭ˵Уг˵İ죬ˣڵǸʳԡ
˿̣ڳ˼Կܵɫ󣬵òƵϣӲţѾûб·ˡ
һԿӣǵͿ˼֣˽ͺҳУôˣһʡȻ˱֣ʵеĸо
Ѿ˵ˣø˵ˣ˰עȫһϣ뿴ܸһʲôĺͳʱԿ۾˵ϹӲ˵ͲָӦԣڳĴ˻һġȫԿƶ̩еλḱгѣӦսģͬߵĽǶȳ߳ضվһߡ
֮⣬һûгԽʲôǳվһߵº˵ܣ鷳ȥѽλ쵼Ŀ
⻰Ժºæǣ˵Ժһ·СеһСȥ
˵ĶԻԺڳĲ˶סˣԿܣڵĿתضºӰһ˫Ƶġ£ˮƽô߳ʦ˫Ҳû취ݵģΪô˫۾أóʵʵڵĶҪŪĻǾǲܵóѵġ
һṦºˣ϶˻˲Ķ첽߹ֱӽһϡ


һǧһٶʮ 
һõԺ󣬿ûǰеݸɽݸȪֱһ۰Ͱ͵ؿŵԿܡ˵һĵģ˲ڳ쵼ʲôҲֻܱš
ɽȪϸһԺ󣬺Ĭ̧ͷһۣȻһԿܣ˵ĿУ¶֮ͬ⡣Ȫɽе˲ᣬͬԼһݸԿܡ
ԿõԺæȲط
ʱڳ˵ĿⶼеԿܵϣҶǳ档⼸˲һĶŵĵʲôΪʲôһһԲֻǰⶫóҿѵⶫܰɱҰ飿ƺе㲻̫ѽҵɻûг̫ʱ䣬ΪµһͲס˵ˡ
ԿеĽϸһ˵гǿʲô˼أѵ׼ǳЩҰҰãĳûôõθڣ㻹õǵĶľйصĶɣҿɶأ
ɽȪ⻰Ժ󣬲Լͬذͷת˱ˡһҪǱĵط⣬ǻ˵ԳĻǾû취ˡ˼Ұ֤ѾŵˣȻŴҶأⲻʲôأ
һԿܵ⻰¶˱֮ɫ֮ǰĹ۵һûĳЩȽ϶ǰλͣŴޱǿ˭ɷϡ
һЦһԺ󣬴˵ʡõľҪĴ𰸣ԳҪǲŵĻԻȥûпӪҵֻ;г⣬еĶءʡʡ⼸ϸԺ󣬶ѾˣȻʣҾͲһ¡
һڽʱ򣬻Ӵ˶Էһ䣬͵㲻۶֪ڸĵˣȻ˵ĻһȻ⵱˵Ƕ⡣
һⷬͣڳ˶׹ˣԭ˼԰ԵĶǼҰáҰ֮ĶҰһĻɱҰʲôģȻͰϱˡ
ѹ̩ггƶԭ˼޿ѽôڣ˵ĹְǶļҲУΪӮ䣬עʲôȻνˡ
ԿһĻԺ˲ɵˡ֮ǰϵеĪô£ⳡľ֣һ˼ҵڴ˥ˡֻͷ˵һһƬհףϵıϸڵϣ૵˵⡭ô£ôأ
һĻԺԪ˼ʼæǰһ˵ˣȻѾˣǲǾ͵Ϊֹʡ
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ɽ⻰ԺȻ¿ԿһѣҲй˼ɡ֮ǰǰԿ˵ҪǰԷ˵Ļȥʡ˵Ϊ
һȪ˵Ȫʡ㿴أ
ʱ߸ȪٺòѡˣϾԷⳡľֵмˣڽˣӦм˱̬ˡ
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һ˿̸ոʰڵϵǼϸֵ˵Ļҳװһνӣ˵ôҵν¿ǹϵʡĴ£һһġ
˵Ļһ˶ȣȻԿܵˣǾҪøߵһ㣬˶͵һ⣬һһԭ
ʱФڲлǿ֣ͬɺͳǼ飬ľѾˣ˵ĻʵҪʡҪӲ죬һѾФˡȻҪԿ˺Ǿ͸ղײˣοվˡϣԷûκοɱԹ֮
һⷬԺȪԿͶȥĪһƳ˼ԣ²̨ǶԷԸŹ㡣ҪֵĻҲùԼ˭֮ǰ˼ƵģڶԷˣȻҲŹ㡣
ԿܼԪվ˵Ϊ²Ӧþ͵ΪֹˡɽȪӦòӲģԪ뵽ģҲõ̩Լһ˵ǸĻǶĿǴҵӡ
һĻԿܴ۾ɽԸ⿪ڣ߸ȪȪͬҲûбֱ̬ȥһһĻ֪ˡһ̣ԿܲŲòҪ̩кһ˵Ǹģ˭֪һȴʵʵԼͣŽưͳԻп˵أ
Կɨڳһۣһ²ؿأ̾һͷ˵쵼ͬ־ǣ֮ǰûг˽жϣ̩еĹ˲õӰ죬ڴˣ̩еίԼһͬ־˱ʾǸ⡣


һǧһٶʮ ɥ֮Ȯ
˵⻰ԺԿܰȾȥ£Ķȥأ˿̣ɥ֮ȮԿٺʲˡ
һϷ˵֮⿪ʼȴڴҿýζʱȻֹ˵յĽѾˣȴеδ˼оƺȱһʲô˵ȱʲôƺûܻشó⡣
֮ſԿܰһĻǷǳĵġԷȻԵһ֮䣬ȴ̩жȥˣίܲˬҪȪţղžֱˣ᲻֣һͽԷ㶨ˣ֪
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뵽ʱɽüͷģܲζ
̩ʱɽֻͻȻһŰԺ󣬹Ҷ˵绰˵ϰ壬ʡ˵岻̫ȻʡˣѾ·ˣͲˡ
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ǿ֮źһʱ̬ȻǱȽϿģ˿ѳģݲ衣һۼֿ죬ǰһ£ǿա
ǿķ棬ʮңԵİݷã⵽ҲˣûҪõĴȥġŵʱǿ͵ſԺ˵Źš
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֮źһ⻰ʱϾ΢΢һ˵ʵûָԷ˵ĻһվسɽһټԺ󣬱ſȥ
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ⱾͲһ磬ټ¬ұͲԸ¬ϵˣûбҪȥôˡ
СʱԺһȪķ˳Ȫ֮ǰ˵Ҫй̩ͷɽطСʱʱ䣬ģû˵ʲôʵԵݡȪȻҲһ¹ڷɽڿ飬ֻĵĻ֮һûʲôıʾ
һˣȪֻΪһ̬ûʲôʵʵ塣
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ʶԺһ̧ͷƺɨһۣ709ĺʱˡԪķ䣬ͲΪˣԷһڷԲ豭֮Ķꡣ
ԭԺһӿ˽Ųɲϣⷿ棬ĻԷ˵Ϊ͵أɲⲻ֮ԩ
һĲһ㲻˿ڷԪƵֻߵĹŴɲ豭˿ǽѾǣԪԾòҪʶھƵ꣬һֻ豭ҲġͷվһߵԿԪһȥһ鲣ӸԷȥʰ
Կڰϰʰһ鲣һԹҲûУܱһҪǿöࡣ֪˿ϰ⵹ùһĻƫƫײˡҪ֪ϰڴùĵ绰ҲʱŽġϿûкҩһԿѾոˣôỹʲôأ
뷿ԺԪȻˣʲô˳ۣǿѹͷŭûмҶҪ˵֮ǰ֮Ÿڿӣһķͷ˿̣޵ľɽˣʡ̫Сˣ鶼ϣһᶼʵ̫ˡ
ڻ㱨ɵӶó֮ţɶԷƫƫôΪӲǾԵʡԪΣߵɽĸǰȥͣԷҲĻġ
Ԫһ֧̣ɳϸ˼ղŵڷ˼ԺҪû飬һҲżֻҪʡټˣɲ˱ˡʡ˴󻹲֪ڸģȻ쵼ȴкűԩء
һ˲䣬ֻͻȻԿĵ绰æ˽֮ǰųȥ̽ϢģڶԷ绰ˣ˵һϢˡ
绰ͨԺûʧ㱨˵˽ʡķԺֻһ˳Ǳ
⻰ԺԪˡһԿԣձǸɽȻһֱûпڣһǺпġ̩еһĻǶԪ˵ҲǸڡϣʡһ˶ûмȻڲгˡڶԷ֮ˣҪǲԪĻζʲôһһĿȻ
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ԺԪûԥֱֻ˹ȥ绰ͨһ˲䣬ͨͨģѧƷֵɤۣҲôһ״̬
ԪĽšġ塢ûг̫ʱ䣬ΪԼԺֻͲʹһŮĲĵ绰ͨУԺٲ
ʾʱԪһҪĸоζʲôû˱ˡҪ˵֮ǰһ˿Ļôһ̣Ļ뱻ػ÷顣
Ԫǳһ̿ʼٵ;쳣ѣֻһ㣬ڴ֮ͥ£ȫĶעѹɽϡڶԷҪͶ𴦵Ļƺ̫ܣ˭ΪһССгȥһʡ֮أջˡ
ҹԪ˵ֱһּ尾ؿίѦڡгһԼ˴ЭλͷͷȺʡķ䣬⵱ȴûһ֮ʲô飬òҵƵˡ
Ԫȥؼһȥıٿһ䣬ͷձˡʡ֪뿪ϢͷҪɾǴˣʡίҪ쵼Ĵñӿɲܳܵġ
ԪڷεתȦȦȥջǾϴ˯Ȼߣ쵼ֲԸǳ˯ʲôءɵڴԺԪʶһǳص⣬ǾǷĵƻϨĻָֻᴫʲô۶ء


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ҹͨ߸ϵһ֮ˮƵǿ˯еʹ֮Уֻ˲ᵽ
ȻĽʱҲΣΪ֪벻ҽ治˵ֻжһĬĬܡ
һصԺ󣬴Լ˽һСʱӣͽӵʡĵ绰˵쵼һ¡ɽķ˴ԼСʱңԺڸ˶Էټԭ
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ʡӦ죬Գ緹Ժûе飬һ˱ϳֱŶȥϵίθгĲ̹ŽԭгλŷֹܹҵͿƼ֮ŵˣʹŵܻͬһϵġ
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Ų̩еͷҵʵǿҵĻҲǳλɽһͷ
ۻĿһȦԺ˱ɵİ칫¥ȥ䣬ɽڼһ߹ǽеĽʡýļץʱ佫⾵ͷץ칫¥λ¥ĻԺ󣬻˹㱨ȻȪɽָʾ


һǧһٶʮ 
һ˿еĲɣһʱΪӭʡ飬ȷʵǳۣһ棬˵ʵָʾöˣͻᷢеĹԣȤȻҲͲˡ
ɽȪҲ˽̨˵˼ԶûиʲôƪۣǼ̵˵˼ԺһҵУˡ
һһɣ滹ʣһˣǾȥŵ³ؿһŵǻ˼ڽľͻ֡ⲻҪʲô׼ŰרҵԱΪ쵼ܣֻվһ˳ˡ
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绰ͨԺһĶ߱㴫˻輱егˣ
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һĻԺ֮Ȫ˵ţ֪ʲôãǰ죬Ѿѹˣ첻Ҫνɳ˵ǹ˾ʱй滮ʱҵص⸽ҵʱ˵ˣùȥ첻֪һ


һǧһٶʮ ͬĶԲ
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һԷװģͳ绰ˣҲѳԴһ㣬Ȼžһһ֧̣س
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ʶԺæһĵ绰
绰ͨԺһѸղѾ֮Ȫ˹ͨԪ˻㱨
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һһһ˶ȣ֮Ȫ˵ггһµ绰
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ԷĻشеģɣԪҲ˲϶ƽˣһ͹Ҷ˵绰


һǧһٶʮ չʾ
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绰ͨԺ˵ţܣʲôȥˣ㾡ϵϣȻ֮Ȫһ绰ң
˵⻰ԺСֹ䣬ŹҶ˵绰
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˵Ԫڵ绰û˵ʲô֮Ȫﻹеûף˭绰ۿҪŵ³ˣеοǣֻȻȡƺƣûе绰
ĿǰΪֹļƻɹһ㣬һ룬ÿôɽעɰȥĻлῪ㱨
ǼϣԪģԺ󣬶ԷʡĿеĵλһǧɣ˵£ԷҲԸſڣֻˡ֮ȪҲģŵʱֻҪעһ㣬ܹҵ˵Ļġ
ڶ֮Ȫԣؼĵطǿڣΰʱ¶ذѲɳŵŻյԤڵЧֻİȻһѶȣ֮ȪΪûκ⣬Ͼ֮ǰô׼ҪʱղסĻǰˡ
һ˽봬ŵ³ԺȲæǰľ޴֣Ȱ۾ͶǰĽϡһֵĽȣ˽ⲻˣʱڰװṹĿѾˣȥǺΰ޴ƷǷɽһʲô˵ġ
ڻӴĲǰһȻոµɳڽ߽ŵʩµĺչȥһӭʡ쵼һ㡣һɳһ֪֮٣ľ޴죬֪ҴӦǿȫʩΪء֮ǰһҲû֮Ȫ˻úչʾһԷࡣ
뵽ʱһ֮ȪһۣԷһעɽһһУȻڵȴ׼Ѳɳ¡ƳءһĻʱһ͵ðһ뷨ǾǶԷֻˣǴǸš
֮ȪʳӦгû볣ȴʵʵڵĸʡɲټӦ쾭Ӫ꣬ǺЩģС֮ȪǴŶԷ˼Ǿ͵öˣΪζг⿿ʡһϵ¬ϵ˵ɲʲôϢ
һٺúù۲һ£бҪĻҪ¬㱨һ顣ɽȻʡӸλҪͶԷĻСĽһ㣬Ļпúܲҡ
ǧｭѨĵҶδȻȴ࣬һ㡣
ǹһӵɽҳȥ˿ʡ黹ǲģ˵˻⣬ůģһˬĸоټϿ̩ͨһŬȡһ֣ﻹͦĵġ
ɽ˸ǰԺһλʦģǰΪ˽ܡһʶǴΪ˽һִӶڹ˸߼ʦ쵼һСȫȨŵǻ˹˾ҾͻֵĽ졣
ĽԺɽú£ʱѯ䣬ȥһеģ
ǴŽһֵĸˣڻֵȻָƣɽʣǱش𡣾һԺɽڻֵһ˽⣬ʱصͷЦݡ
һһ߿Ǹ̾ɽִʡǷǳصģͨԷıҲȷʵˢӡ˺бҪǿλʡ˵˽⣬úѧϰԷϵŵΪԼá
ɽڳĺָǰȥڷԭǶȣɰԵرеԷĻ˳һֱָ߾ֻʮԶĲɰһ䣬ʲôôô
վߵ֮źԪ⻰Ժ΢΢һ˺һһԺĵһ߿ȥȻҲɰȫɳȻǲãλʡ쵼⣬Ҳ㷢ֻúǲˬ֮Ȫۡ
֮Ȫһ޹ıԺ֮ŵǲˬǿѹŭ׼һɽԺٺͶԷƽϡ죬ԪڿӸһӵĻȻԷû̵κκô˵ɽǻġ


һǧһʮ Σͻ
Ԫгĳ̶ֳ˵ƽƽģö˵ʲô֮ȪֻһոεĸгѣȻôشĳҲСҪɱĻֻԺ˻࣬Ļɾ޷ʰˡ
뷨Ժ֮ſԷĿⶼ˷ŭ֮⣬俴֮Ȫǹ޹̬ǲһ
֮ű׼ȵɽȪԺٺͶԷƽ飬벻ʡ˾Ȼֱӿѯˣ⵹еΪѡ
֮֮ʣͻȻһ˵ʡвɳŵҲɰڽɳأ
˵⻰ģ֮ȪȻбˡһֱڵȴʱɽѯˣȻᣬ˵ǰ濪˵
ɽ֮Ȫģ̩֮ǰߵԱһϸ˽⡣׼ӸгŮ䣬ûôȥĻԵеͽԷ˼ԲӦһʡ֮ϳֵġ벻һ֮ʣʳɵŮˣȻҪʾ
ɽ֮Ȫ΢΢һЦȻ󿪿˵λгɣ˵ɳһָģôΪǴܰɣ
֮ȪǵС˼ɽ֪Էһᡣ
ԣֻǾ֮Ͷѣȴͨ˾ٽԵֶΪأǳҪŽһпŽ֮ȪȻ΢ȴһǳǿƵˣɽصģŻһ
֮Ȫ벻ɽȻ˸ӣ˵Ļᣬֱ˵ݣܳĸо
ɽⷬԺ󣬵ûʲôӦҶʡô˵ԭΪڶԷ̩ɽϣĻһʡ֮ôܶһССĸгȤأ
֮Ȫ˿ѾϾ˼ɽ˸ӵԭˣ֮ǰһֻλÿڵĻᣬһе̫ף֪ôˡ
һԺ֮Ȫ˵ʡ̩вɳŵǰɽؿ˾ĹͬŬټҵķչǰ˳˼Ź˾ԺҺ͹˾쵼飬ӲͶһҪӴǹ˾һչҪΪ˹˾ܾԴǰɶʡ豸˾ĺľ
֮ȪһԴޣܶ˶Ϊǣ֮ǰ˺ֱˣƤֱȳǽ
֮Ȫһ˵ԺΪˬĵȻ֮ˣΪʼնûᵽίòƲɳŵķչڵ쵼½еģǿ벻̡
ɽýζʱֻ֮ʱȰȥˣﰵʡҲƽϣԺҵҪú˵˵бҪǱ߶Ըгķֹ½е
ɳŹ˾ɲ֮Ȫ￪ģƾʲôͱֹأߣ¿ơ
֮ȪɽýζĲѣĶ˼˵ĸܡͣԺ󣬼˵ʡڹҲɰǹ˾ոչ´ǵĲɳڹڴˮƽҲ⼸ɳʯ쳣𱬵һԭ㿴ǵһСʱɳܴﵽ
֮Ȫ˵ʱվɽǰĴŵĸ߹ͻȻغʡ죬뿪Σգ
˵⻰Ժ󣬲ɽӦһץסɽ֣ŶԷĿյȥ
쳣ٶ˺ĪվһߵĻҲͻȻλ쵼ܣ죬ֳˡ
⻰Ժ˶ӦˣĿյȥֳʱһţһֻ޵ȡ
һҲеŴˣһԺع׼ܣǰѩޱɵվǣһʧģæ첽˹ȥһץסԷ֣ܰɵվŸ
ѩޱ˿Ѿ˶ޱȵĴƶĺۼҪȥʵˣź˵ʲôҲˡейǿݹʱʶظڶԷǰȥ
ܳȥʮԺһĶ߾ʹ¡һ죬ʶתȥֻڽľͻַбǳӴ󣬲ûв෭㲻̫
ƴǰܵ˺һһԺ󣬶ʶͣ˽ŲȥǰбԺѾȶˣҵﶼ԰һ׷վԭءղǴǰĽбģҪҲбĻ治ˣܲ˳붼δ֪ڳ˴˿̶һֽٺĸо
ȷΣѾԺ˰עеɽȪϣλڳ쵼ǿɲܳʲô״Ļ̯޷ʰˡȪãʹһм־֮ɫûκ⡣ٿɽʱ򣬴ҿɾе㲻ˣ˿̣ղΪĴŵĹʦʡӵվ
ɽվֱԺ󣬳Ϊ쵼ȥɫĻҳ
ȶԷҳԺɽ۷ŭĹâѾߵǰ֮źԪ˵ô£˭ܸһͣ
֮źԪ˿Ķ̧ͷҪطĻһȿֺȥ
˵ıԺɽǿѹסŭ𣬳˵Ȼ˵˹ȥôûʵԺ󣬼ʱһ㱨


һǧһʮһ 
֮źԪӦһԺ󣬱תȥ̩е˵ȼҲһҾͻֵλȥ
ɽվǿ˵ҲһȥҪʵ
⻰ȥ˵ǿģʵ˵̩еһģ˼Ǿ˲ҪʱŸʲô۶ӣĻġ˿̣ɽѾɱȻôҪûеʾĻԺ˭ʡѾ¶ģ²ǣ˭Ҫһ鵽ףҲһҪ˺ÿ
ǿɽĻĶҵӦһԺ첽˹ȥ
һתǰʱ򣬲ʶѩޱȻץУæɿ
ѩޱ΢΢һ죬ͷһ˵лл
֮ǰѩޱѾоһץס֣Ӷдݹе㲻ܣûгԼ֡Էֵֽʱ̣ԲһߣĶܸж˼⣬ǵһ˹յˣϰʱ򣬶ԷòҲûõһ㡣£ȻԼˡ
ʡ̩еһȥһѩޱǰšһеż֮źԪѾһȥˣȻҲûбҪżˡѩޱϵ벻̫ԾԿ˽ŲŶԷ
һѩޱ˻ָǰʱ򣬼֮˽ԪֻԪҽԺеľȻŵ³ԣ³أ
˵⻰ԺҶ˵绰漴·ˡ
˽ǰһĳѩޱ˰֣ǰʱŮȷʵӦں棬һѴүڣôֵһŮȥأ
ѩޱܵһһƬ⣬ѡһΪעĽ䣬վסӡ
һǰԺ󣬿Ѿҳһ࣬ǵıָ죬˵ģڵû˵ģϲ˿־飬֪ǺáֵУ˿Ϊֹûиʲô¡һվߵиһλԱǲǵˣҪҪϽܣԱæ͡
ɨȫһԺһ˵Ȼ٣ȥ˵òᣬڲûĿǰΨһֵҵĵطˡ
֮źԪֳָڵίԱԼ쵼Ĺͬ£˵ȶЩ˵ģ˵Ȼһ͹ˣҲҧҧ͡
֮żֳѾȶˣվΧԪѦںһ˵һȥʡ㱨ߵ
Ȼûиȥ˭ﶼи˳ƣСˣʡһʡ쵼鹤ʱ򣬾Ȼ飬ʵе㲻ʱ֮ίǣ̩ĵһˣһû飬ҲûбҪʱһʡŭԥԪѦںһˡ
˭ҲԸʱȥ쵼ǰ¶Ԫһ飬ʡǰ棬ỹҪȥףʵһٶʮԸ⣬Ѿˣʱ˭Ҳ˼ֻһƵظɽվλȥ
̩еĹԱȥ쵼㱨ˣǿҲǰȥ˽ʵѾɣȻҲùȥˡ˵ﶼϰôŵĿģǶŭ׼̩ץһˡ
һൽ̩Ӳȫɽ˼̩ߵĻ⣬Ӷɨ쵼ӣˣȻôĶҪٲһ㷴ӦĻƺҲе˵ȥˡ
֮ߵɽǰ˵ʡѾ˽ˣֳûгԱ˵һоˣƽصˣӦûΣգҽԺǱߣгѾϵˣȻӦһ͹ˡ
ȻˣҪҪģ֮һȼʱ쵼ͨѦںһģԪ٣ᵱȻʲôҲ֮źʱ˵ؽԷ˳
Ԫ֮ŵĻԺæ˵ʡҸղѾҽҽԺ͵ڶҽԺϵˣٶȸϵֳһӦõˡ
ɽ˵Ļ㱨ԺȻԺܲˬҲö˵ʲôĴúͰȷʵҲʲôӳ˿̣ɽҲһϾûгԱԣӦ˵һǳõϢ
һ£ʡӲĹУȻԱҪǴȥĻԣҲʲô顣Ȼ˼˵ڲûЩ˵Ӧö̫صģɽһ
ɽһվǰ̩еλ쵼һۣ˵ͷҵı־Թ̣ôĻǶ˵෭ͷˣ⻹ûڰûˮҪˮˣһ»ʲôĽʱλҪųԹʹ˾ˣĻ̩пɳͷˣʡﶼҪմ⣬ߣ
ɽһ˭ҲҿڽӲ磬ԷĻȻҲûеҪĴ׹ŵǻ˹˾ϣڴ溽еʱ򣬷б෭ɲҰ˼ôưոأ


һǧһʮ ǵ
֮šԪѦڡһ˳ͷɥԶԵʱһʮȴͻȻʡ¹ʾԲǻ⣬ԭ
⻰ʱ˶һִ۾֮У̩еĵλ٣Ƕԣ֮ѽһ̧ͷվɽߵĴŵĸ߼ʦȥ
ɽ˿ҲѾ֪˵˭ˣﲻˬҲýϣϾԷղ°һѣ˵Ȼʡ˼ҲڵģҲҪʡ쵼ʡ
ɽϵ֮ɫʵ¹˵⻰ʲôݣʱ˵Ҫεġ
ֵ͵ĸ߼֪ʶӣһڿϣ䲻˵ͨʣⷽʶ֮ȷʵҪࡣɽͶɹȻˣܶԷʡʡίǣġ
ɽһۣ˵ʡҵȻ֤ݣڽһ֮ǰǾȷļģҲ˵ⲿ仯£Բܳ顣
ɽԷ˵ƶ֮Уʵ¹˵ЩҲۣҲҪۣΪյĽǵ۾ˣܾһĽ
ʡ˼ǰĻеˡԵڸղǵĻַλˣҾһղŵôʣλǲ෭ͬĸϵҺĽͣʡ¡
һ⻰еס֮Уе죬˵еɽ˼һƺûǸ˼е㿴ףĺ«浽ʲôҩ
ɽҲԷĻеƣȴ㷢ȵ˵Уճ¹˵ģλǲ෭ܵиԭɣղ˵ⲻǻ⣬ҾͲˣʸüǵ˭ͷأܲڸңͻȻȥˣλɣ
ɽĻ䣬ӿ˵ʡ˵ûȷʵΪĵ淢̮Դŷλ¹ʡҸղž˵ˣⲿ仯£־Բ֮Ϳ˵ˡ
Է⻰Ժ˶˵ղŴֻæԱ˭Ҳûע⵽бԭ򣬴˿һ˵һ϶ǳ˽Žɵ顣
ϵıԺ󣬼˵ʡҲſڿӣ֤˵ģղڷʱѾ鳤˻㱨ۿģ鳤˵ǰɣ
ǿĻԺǰһ˵ʡλ쵼ղų¹ڷʱҾվߣ˵ȷʵĵݽȥһӣҲλġ
Ҫ˵֮ǰ˵ԺɽǻŵĻǿ⻰Ͳòˡڻʡֻһ˵Ļһǿ֮ǰϴҪڶԷ֮
ǿⷬԺ̩еҲһ벻Ȼ飬⵹ȷʵеǵ֮⡣
һһۣԷһվǶ·ղŷһкһϵҲûСһﰵ˿ȥȫĻڹؼʱ̣ȴ쳣侲ץסĹؼһִ޵ĸо
ⷬ˵Ƕ̩һ쵼ò󣬲Ǵ⣬ǵص⣬̩е⣬ûаϵڴţ˵ǿҪġ
ֱ⣬ǴžҪеΣҪееľ󲿷Ρ˼ҼŻнƸǸһֵģȴ˭أҵʮ֤֤鲻ǻֱ⣬ǵ⣬Ǿͺʹ޹ˣȻҲͺûʲôϵˡ
֮Զ¹ԭ˹עǴӱĽǶȳģԣȷʵǹؼ㣬νץסˡĶͷɲһܹеģȷʵֵùٳ˺úѧϰ
ɽüͷ΢΢һ壬֮ŵ˵¹鳤˵״ƺǴŵΣλҪúһ򣬸ԭѣҸһʱ䣬Ӧù˰ɣ
֮ɽ⻰ǳ˵ģæǰһ˵ʡģһ֮ڣҺгһģȻȥʡ㱨
ʱҪ˵ĻѾ·ˣȻֻѡԵĻ֮ôҲ汳ģԪΪгõѡ
ɽ֮ŵ̬ⷬԺһȻ룬ֿ˵ɣǿ鳤ھһ£̩Эһµطϵͬ־һ飬ʲôĻʱһ㱨
˵⻰Ժ󣬲˿ڣɽ˵һȥһ˵ĹֵܣΪǵĹʧȴҪǳеóеĺҪġ
ɽһ̩е˶ʡ⻰е˭Ҳ㿪ڣһҪ˵òõĻǿǻѽһԲɽǰȥ
һǰʱע⵽ʡ鳤ɽڳʡȪǰ棬ߵλǶԷ࣬ȥһߵ·ߣȴᶨƵǰš
һ˿ɽȻһƣҲֻǸŭԣͷ̵ǰš


һǧһʮ ֳ
ɽڹǰһһǹĿ࿴˵Ȼ꣬ʡұʾοʣѾﰲŴҵҽԼ⣬ֻ谲ˣ飬˾ΪҰ׵֮ģȴٴģȥѪڵ֡
ʡڵͨϰյĻⷽ棬ȷʵһף˭ˮ׼ġ
һע⵽ɽ˵һͬʱûǴһǸǿ˵Ǹӡǰĺ˵ʱų׵˸ղųǷ˵ǡ
һ˵ɽǷǳСĵģǶΪ飬ۼΪʵĹѵһҲ˵ʱǿҲǰٷ֮ٵŵģĻȫûбҪ⻭Ķ
һĻԺһ΢΢˵ͷμģ˵δʲôʱܹóͨԷε̩ı֣ѿԣһĻһСĽԱ
ɽķӽӽβʱ򣬾ȻǴ̶˵Ķ𣬶Էǡɾʹβȥǡô
ļҽԺľȻԶнгԴĵ绰˭ҲҵӵһȻԺĳҲ½ˣʱѾûҪȵԱˣλƵƤĹҲһȥˣôҲضˡ
ɽֳѾˣʾ˸лԺ󣬳֮źԪ˵λߵҾͽˣϣŽЭȡҪĵطԺ鳤˵Эǵġ
˵⻰ԺɽְǿеһߣСԸ䡣˵ʲô˭Ҳûֻɽ촽ϵĶǿƵƵͷ
һһ߿ͷðһֵ뷨ǾɽʵʲôҲûкǿ˵֮԰ѶԷеһߣֻΪһ̬Էһ̩гƤĻᡣ뷨ֻ룬˵ȷǾ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ɽǿ̸Ժ󣬾ʡųλȥˣ̩еǹһӵŶԷǰȥֻ˿˵ȴûӭӶԷʱĺˡղŷһĻһʯͷһѹ˵ͷ֮źԪƵ˼㣬޲ü̲࣬ȻѸµǧУܽͷ֮ޡ
ɽڼϳ֮ʣͻȻعͷżλļ˵ҪĻʡ룬ĻҿҪ׷εġ˵⻰Ժ󣬲Ǽλ֮ϵı֣ԹԵųȥ
һΪղɽһΪھͷǰӵֵģڿȴô¡һһ˼׶ԷˣȥĻɽԣûʲôôԱ仰˵ղź͹ǵǷҲǷδȻֹһϢй¶ȥʱҲиӦ֮ߡ
ʡ˵ĳ̩˵ǰʧԺ֮ŵټڳĳίٿʱίᣬʡ鳤ǿΪαϯ̩ʷΪ򵥵һίˣ˵ҡ֮ڵĶһĵطûУʮΧһȦվǶٿ顣
ˣ˿λȴһû˭˭ߣ˭˭ұߣ˿ǿΪαվ֮ŵҲ࣬ѦڵףλöҲǷǳء
֮ΪһʸίǣȻɽǿ˵⣬Ϊ˱ʾᶨƵִ쵼ָʾԲεĳίᡣһΪ˷ɽ죬ʱöԷ޻˵һ棬ҲΪ·ͻȻĻЧܸѡ
վԺ֮ų˵鳤ͬ־ǣʡڼ䣬Ȼ飬ȷʵ̫ӦˣΪίǣóеΣж֮ǰҾӦðʡָʾ⾿ôһ¡ҽһһ¹ʴС飬鳤鳤Һгθ鳤Ǻһг
˵⣬ǿͻȻˣЦǣ˼Ҵһ£ղʡֻΪЭ鳤򵱲õģĻе㲻쵼ˣֻŬϴ´﹤ˡ
ǿ⻰֮ŵ֮УҲû׼ԷĴӦ˵ֻһ׻ѡ˶ԷĻشԺ˼һԺ˵УȻ鳤飬鳤Σ鳤гθ鳤ԱɱǡһгԼλгټϰࡢܵȲŵͬ־һҪЭȡ̵ʱڣ¹ʵԭ򡣡
ԷԺһ֪ҪѦڵˡ̧ͷλίһֻۣԷһƣ϶вͬϣȻҲ˼˵ֻӲˡ
֮ź񿴳Ѧڵ˼Ƶģ˵¾һг𣬱ЭʲôѵĻֱгҡʱΪҪĹκιҪΪ·ϣЭȡáѾˣڽٳĻǿ޷쵼ϰսˡ
֮˵⻰ʱȷʵеĵĸо˿̲˭λʱʮа˾ŶĸоΪӭ½ʡ˿̩Ӳ죬һ˿˵˷ǳ׼˭֪ͷȴһ˭ﶼˡ
ⷬ˵Ժֿ֮ǿԪĳ£˭ҲûװƵ˼ˣ˶ûпڣҡҡͷʾûл˵֮ſ˵Ȼ˵ĻǾͰһгͱˣ鳤㿴ǲȻ


һǧһʮ ̬
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻ֮źԪһơ
Ѧںһֽ֮šԪǿԼĳίߣȻ»ص·ص㡣ڻͷ·ϣѦڵһ˵һгҪѵģôһֱڵȺϣԶߵĹǺϤԡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼ׶Է˼Ҳ˵Уû⣬ؼʱ̻Ҫǰƶ棬ʱɶûʡｻ
һгҿĿõģͲҪ̫ǫˡѦ˵Ҫ˵ĵطһгֻҪڣھԺ
һ㵽⻰Ժ˵ͷȻѦ֡˵˫һգ̧żǰȥˡ
һѦ˿ôΪӣΪ߲ٶԪˣΪԷѣʱ˭ãɴ˵ĻһٵʱԪʲôĻҲѦڵĲǡ
£Ѧڿһһȴ붥ղ֮ſ˵ˣǣͷԷֻЭѡȻҪµĻȻʵһ򼸸˵ͷϡ
µļһﵽ˭ܵȥѦڲԸ˵飬һɾͲòˡ
һ֮ˬشӦһԭǾѦһ顣Ҷ̩һĶֵ췹ԣҪĵʱ򣬽һ˶ԷһæպѦлĻһỹġ
Ѧһ飬һ˵Ҳһ˫ĺˣȻܾ˵ΪҪ˵ĻǾͲһ˿Ҫǵˡ
һ£ʡӲ칤ʱ㶼Ҹ㣬ҪٲܵͷĻǿǼ˹ˡһѦߵǰԺ󣬼λгͰࡢܵλֳѾǶˡΪӭʡӲ죬̩еݿνǰǿ󣬲м쵼ίֵһֶȫλˡ
Ժȱŵòǰֳʡڼ䣬Ȼôİȫ¼ֳܲȥ治̫˵ֳܾһ߻еģԴǸŵĹʦʡ˵һԺҲˡίǵЭµʱ˵ûˡ
֮ŵ㵽˵ʱվһľֳζʶһŲŲӣ˹·λδıƵġ֮ʱôʵͬԣѵĻֻܸ˵ˡ
վԺһͳŴŵĸ߼ʦ˵¹һеľӢǽһ£һʲô£Żᷢ˵⻰ͬʱһǰӵľͻŲŲ졣
һ֪ʶӣټһʱܣ˴֮ҲϤ⻰Ժ˵гҸղźʡ˵ҪǳĻԲֵܳġ̶ãǻʲôⲻǿЦֵơҴӶŶӽвģǵˮƽڹھǴȵλģôͼ¹ʶֵܳĻҲ˼ſôߵн˵Ҳһѽ
⻰Ժ˵עתƵ˻ϡһζؿ˳һۣԤϵԷȷʵһͿȥͨʣʵȴ쳣ĸ߼֪ʶӡҪһĻᣬԽ⣬ͷֱӵݸ˶Էȥźۼˮɡ
ճµʱ򣬻ȷʵһֱ̱ڵ˵ʡӲ죬гӲ죬⵵飬ҲóԲ˶ѽ
˳һԺ־ƺǴŵΣҪ˵ĻǾûܾʲôˡղ֮źԪڵʱ뿪ڣκǴ˸ûи˵ĻᣬڳѻˣȻֵġ
һѦ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻ󿪿˵гѦǣλ쵼ڽǳؼʱ̣Ȼ飬ʵǶԲҡղų¹ĻȥȻжεɣҶרҵʺˮƽǷǳεģҲӶ
˵Ժ󣬻ͣ˻ͷͣ٣ȻŽ˵Ŀǰڵ׶Σ˵յĽΣ˭Ҳź͸λ쵼һ̬ȷʵǼŵΣһȫеұˣóְְΣûаԹԡ
˵Ժ̧ͷѦںһһۣλ쵼ϲɫż˵ղų¹˵¹ʲǴŵΣλ쵼һǼһ˵ġ
˵Ժڳ˶Ŀ׼Ѧںһڳ쵼ίǵָɣʱ˿̣Ļ˵Ժ󣬵Ȼֻ˲ʸ̬
һѦһۣԷʹһɫ˼أйԼǰһҪһѦڵڵ˵Ѧ֮ǰ˵ѦڸҪ곤࣬һŻһ¶Է
ѦҲȵĳŵһΪֻڱҪʱſ˵Ҫǰ̬ȻѡĬˡ
ܣҿԴǱһ̬˭ϣȻˣһҪԭⲻĸ˵˼ί˼ղŵǸȫûбҪġһ˵


һǧһʮ Ψ
һ⻰ڼӵĸ˻һ֤ûʲôõĵˡҪǱ˵ĻδŵùһĻŵùġ
ʱλĳг֮Ľˣ跢λ˵»ǱȽϿ׵ģ˷ĵ֡˵ˣίǵˣҲ˭ͷϿʺӶеġ
˻Ժһڳ˵ɣڵǴҶѾˣҾù⿿ЩΧҲκ⣬ֳֵ͹ֵξֳһ¹гֳһ飬ص鴬ߵ⣬صһϣκгξֳһ飬صǽص⣬صǸ棬һҪôһγɵģ֮ء
˵ԺһϷֱһۣȻ˵ҪԣҾͲǿˣϣλȫԸȡ̵ʱڸ¹ʵȥǲԩκһ޹ߣͬʱҲŹһκһߡ
Աϣһ˽ĵģκˣʱ˶ίΡһΨ֮Уʱ˭棬ôȥġ
ֳļλгУλΪ˽ģƲµ˵˾ڱʲôС
ڵ˵ΪҪģʡί㡢гڿһʵǿҪ¹ʵʵʱʲôǴҪģΪҪǳʵڱĵģ˵ʹ˵κҲþˡۺһ齻ȥ죬Ҳ֮ˡ
ҵĻ˵ˣѦָʾһѦ˵
Ȼ֮ǰѾЭ飬ΪԷҲ֮ĸ֮һ㹻ءܶԷ費Ҫأһ˵ǹٳĹأ˭ƻ
Ѧ⻰Ժ󣬰˵ͷԸͷȥ飬ϣǰ׸ͷ¶档
ѦһȻ󿪿˵гİҲҵ˼λͬ־ҪȫԸ֮⣬ҲҪйע飬ʲôõĹ۵뷨׼ײߣ⣬ұͨѶߵĳͨʲôĻǻἰʱʹϵ֮һ仰һҪ̵ʱڣ¹ʵԭίʡһ
ȶԷ˵Ժһ˵У¾ɣصϢҼʱһѦϵҲǻͨޣȡհˮʯҲͶˡ
⻰Ժڳ˶׷׵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ʱһѦͬһ棬Կֵֺܳúһ˵֮ǰĲ֮ͬĹϵ̫ǢģҲͬ۹ˣ֮ǰǵСңȻҪȷŵһȥˡ
һ˿ȻһЩ뷨ڴµĹϵ̫شڲûκ֤ݣԵѦڵ棬ûа뷨˵Ѧڵ֮ǰԼ˵ڳڵȺ£ǺϤ˿֮Уһһ¸ô죬˻⣬ʲô⡣
Ȼ߶Է뷨һȻⷽͶԷཻʲôֻǾ¡̸Ѧڴ˿ҲһĿдһʲôֻûףʶسŶԷʡ
磬̩λ쵼ʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµġʡί鳤ǿҲ֪֮źԪﲻҲû˵İ칫Ҷֱӻصں̩ķ䡣
֮ǰ˵ãӲ괬Ժֱӻʡˣڳ⵵飬ʱǻزȥˣ仹üסȥЩС£ȻҪȥģ̩ߵ˰źˡ
ʡעµĽչģǿȴڴϱ߿ӣ̣߳һҲû·ϣʵô¡ǿʮˣҲСʮˣڽ췢δǳ
Ȼ̸죬ʡӲĽڹϳ֣Ҳȷʵ̩е˺һˡ涯ֽŵ˾Ͳ࣬ټʡ⽫̩УҪǻ˼Ļֻ˵òͷˡ
ǿҲǴһֱʹڷ棬֪ոճڻڵ׶ΣнˣǾǸʱˡҪܼ򵥣Ǳ֤۵ʵţҲʡΨһҪֻҪãˡ
Ͼŵңκͨһĵ绰㱨ֹԱϸµĹ¹ʼпֲܺԶҲɰйء
ߵɳǱȽӲʵģڽ׵ɳڶʱ֮ڱɿˣµĳ½ټϻǳأµ£ͳݣ˻ֵλ
һ⻰Ժ΢˼һָʾѽһҪ֤ݣùֵͬ־żóʵʵĶʡʱһأ⻹һ㣬Ҫע⣬Ϣʱһ͸¶ĻǼ뱻
ģѾξֳԼ֪˶ǿˣҲأײ˵ȥġκ˵
Сһ˵гǱߵͰˣӦ֪Ұ㰲Źȥ⡣ΪؼĵطһҪõȨ֤ݣû֤ݵĻ˭Ҳʵġ
һֶκһŹҶ˵绰


һǧһʮ ˣ
ֻڲ輸Ժ󣬸׼һ֧ͷһ£ֻͻȻһæֻɨһ룬˽绰ͨԺʵгɣǱô
гҺֳԼֵͬ־һϸز鿴ֳԼŵûзʲô⡣˵ʱ䣬Ϊӭʡ쵼ļ飬ڰȫһԡ
һ⻰Ժһ֪˵ǿ͹۴ڵġ
ʱ䣬˵ˣ˵ŵĴֻ־ˡÿεֳȫǱ̸ģΪ̶̵ļ죬Ϲ̽ʲô̸ģ˵ҲûǸҪĻȫԵΪҪˡ
ڻֵĴѾˣʡʱҲжɿˣʣµľάһȶľ棬һOKˡӰȫĻһ㴬ŵĹ̽ٿ죬ٺãҲ㡣
һͣԺ˵Уֻǵĳۣ滹ҪиΪϸµĵ飬һҪʵϸλóĵñ޻˵
Ӧһһûָʾˣ͹Ҷ˵绰
ҹ̩൳Աʳ֪ζرЩصˣǵģôˣҪȻȷεˣôβ䵽˭϶Բ
ʡʱı֣ټʡ鳤רŸ£Կʡ˺ǺȻҲͻˡ
ʱ֮Ȫţȫ͹һƵĺԷȻֻһСװλǷǳģǵ̺͵ƣһǼֵƵ֡
ǾƱ֮Ȫ˵Ҿһľ£Ҳʡǰ¶ˣϲɺѽ
˹ǵĻԺţȫҲƱ˵ѽϴҺ͹һһ
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˵ʱı˳ʵˣӦ÷ǳĲŶԣ֮Ȫ˿ȴûָомֵģ˴Ǹʲô¹һԺ˼͸ˡ
˿ţȫ͹һۣĵ˵˵
Ժ֮ȪѾƱһţץ̺Уֱһ֧иˡȹΪϻԺһڣ˵˵ҵұۣҲЭܳɹ⵱Ȼһֵص飬֪ô£ܾòûûĸо
ôأϴǲˣţȫʵ
Ǽ״Ҳæ˵ѽţָܵ£ҴֵǸɵͦɫģǴǰӣʡӲʱ򣬾ȻôĶҿοҪǺúúһˡ
˹ǵĻ֮Ȫ˵ҵĵǹ˵飬»᲻ʲôӰ죿
ôӰأȲ˵µʱ򣬹ȻһЩңǻһξ룬ԴҲûܵҿԺʡ϶Ҳû˼ӲˣҾôҳˣй˵ûз⡣
֮ȪǵĻ˵˵Ĳ棬ֳָ֪ӵúܵλûгκӣҵĵǡ˵ʱ֮Ȫס˻ͷֲ֪˵ĸо
ţȫһ߹ע֮Ȫı֣˿еˣ̽ʵϴǲǵĴǱߵйϵ
⻰һڣǲˣµţܣ⻰ҿɲǴŵĴˣʲôϵѲ˵ڽɵɳӣܰǵĴ㷭ˣⲻ̫
˵Ժ֮ȪûпڣǺƵһ̣Ȼȫ˳ı֣Ҳˡ˿Ⱥ͹ȶܴﵽġȻǶĵĻǾ˵ûеֻʱ򲻵ˣһߺúһ⾿ôһ¡
˺һᣬ֮Ȫųţȫ˵ȫѽˣʱֳôһӣе㲻ɳһеģӦΪģǸ˵ܷܵ˻ֵûиĻôôĻַǶأ
֮Ȫ˵⻰ţȫҲеģԷһ˵ص˵ͷ
Ȼѡַʱȷû⣬ȴ⣬˵ʲô֮Ȫ˵ЩĻɾ͸ûеˣӦòɣ
˵⻰Ժ֮ȪţȫͶȥĿ⣬·˿̶ԷеĿ϶ǷҪƵġ
֮ȪĻţȫ˼һȻ󿪿˵ϴĵȻһĵ˭Ҳ˵ﲻڵֻеȽ˵ˡ
ȫͿѽҪȵ۳ˣȥĵĻǿɾͳˣ֮Ȫ˵ѽҪյĽ۳¹ȷʵڽɳйϵ뿴ȴǵĽʲô
֮ǰţȫûпǹ⣬ղ֮Ȫ˵ԺҲֻڸһ䡣Էһ˵ϸһ˼ֻ亹ֱðµĺжأ˺¡


һǧһʮ ͨᣨһ
ڴ³ظɳȫʹ˽ģҲ˵ʲôûĻҲпˡΪǵΪôһ¹ʣ˫ģпҪ׷ǵķΡ
֮Ȫţȫɫͻ䣬֪ԷѾʶˣ룬˵ȻֻǵĲ²⣬ô£дյĵô˵ĿģϣǶӣõʱֲĻͱˡ
֮Ȫ⻰Ժţȫæ˵ϴ˼Ҷˣһ˸µģǵļ̫ͣЩϢѻȡҲҪע£ǲб޻
֮Ȫûпڣֻ˵ͷ
һ˰죬˿еˡǼĲѵ飬ڻ޷ȷǺ»ǻأ
ôҲ벻ףŵĴˣȻھýɳʲôϵλϴ˵أҲòˡйϵζʲôΣﻹ֪ģʱ˵ˣܱܲס˵
Ժ̩ٿһһ¹ʵͨᣬɳгһ֣ί֮ţгԪȫίѦڵ쵼ȫ׼ʱᡣæµڻһͷˣһٿһ飬λٻ㱨һ¹ʵĵô죬Ҫġ
ٿ֮ǰһʾ֮ţҪҪʡǿͬ־ϯ֮Żش˵ͨᣬȾĽʡ쵼㱨ɣӶԷشһͿίеûף˽һ˵
Ȼ̩вĿռ䲢󣬵ҲһûСΪ̩еһ֣֮Ŵ˿ҪǶΪһ𰸡ʱͰǿĻ̬ķչԿˡ
˶λԺһ˵ǡгλ쵼ͬ־ǣٿһһ¹ʵͨᣬĿĺܼ򵥣ǰһʱĹ쵼ͬ־һ㱨Ȼһһô븱гͰֳֵҽڴŵ˽
ĹиĵĹ涨ǾǴ֡ú˵Ȼֻ̩еĸгһ£ҶֻΪг˵ظгܻΪ䲻ء˿ʽϣһûиԷֱӳƺΪظгǸȥĻԪˡ
һ˵Ժ󣬳˵˵ͷȻ󿪿˵λ쵼ҾͰ⼸Ͱֳֵڴŵһ㱨ʱΪӭʡӲ죬һ˻Ǻһģǹ̽ȣʩȫץ÷ǳʵ³ߣʵе൹ҹʱרŰȫԱֹڹĹΥĻҪʵطġѹߵ£ҵͷаȫʶһǱͦġ
֮ⷬŵɫԺÿһ㡣Ժ󣬴ŵĻ˼绰ʾҪ㱨֮Ŷûɿڡ֪ԷҪ˵ʲô棬ԲԷκγŵġ¹ʡĸ߶ȹע˵ĶӣҲûеӹΪڻ
֮һ˵ԺˣǸʦ˵⻹治һڴߣҪ˵Ļɾͺðˡȷʵ˸£֮Ų׼̣ǣӲҪˮĻҲԲӦģĻԺ˭أ
ͣԺ󣬼˵ǳ˶Դŵ״˽⣬صע·ϸĵоڻȷڵ첢ûΥҲ˵λ鿴ȥǴŵ⣬Ǿ顢߷ãȴûзֱ֤֤¹봬ŵĹǲйءֳ˵ǰɣ
ֳֵʻԺæ˵ǡгλ쵼г˵龭ϸص߷Ժ󣬼óĽۣʲô֮λ쵼ָ
һԺ󣬳΢΢˵ͷ׼ڽһ̣Ԫȴһ˼ʾлҪ˵һת˵гΪָʾ
ڱλһһȫ¹ͨᣬԲʲôģһĻԺ󣬻ǰעȫеԪϡ
ԪĿɨһȦһ롢κ϶ͣһᣬŲؿ˵гֳǸղŵ˵ͺʹûйϵˣ¹ʷڴŵĳ棬ǸüڽеĻֳ⣬ڷͷʹһϵҲûУ˵ҿܵĶƺ̫˵ùȥɣ
һԪ⻰΢΢һԷⷬ˵ĸоƺָеˣԷôʲôأ
һ˼룬е㲻̫סע¹棬ûпỹеӲõĸо
ԪⷬԺΪĵ֮ȪϺгһϥ̸һЧģԷҲʱֱվɺͰֳĹ۵㡣ʶԺ¶һ˿Ц⣬ݼš
·֮ȪţȫԺ󣬽ʱ䣬˶ûţͨ̽صϢ


һǧһʮ ͨᣨ
֪ǵȷʵûв鵽ʲô֮ͨ෽Ч΢Ϊ˷ֹһ֮ȪҵԪ˵ζԷʡǰһͷ˭Ҳɷһ֮Щ˵һ仰ֵ֮Ȫ˵ʮ䡣
֮ȪǰһϣȥԪļΪ˱˵ƿǶę́ѾЩͷˣ˵ǴԭظģڡԪȻȱƺȣ֮ȪôҪǱԶԷһء
ԷڳƣԪ֪֮ȪһҲûкȦӣֱӽõ鷿档ԪӰһԺ󣬽鷿Ŵϣ˱̡
֮ȪĿĺܼ򵥣˵Ԫһһ¼Ĵ϶һۣñлɳˡһڲˮԺ󣬽豭ڲ輸ϣȻ󿪿˵г˵ﴬſѣӲ˵¹ʺ޹أʱһҪ˵乫ѽĻЩҪֻˡ
ԪԺ֮Ȫ˼˵һ֮¡˼һֿԻǴڵġȣŵĻ֮ŵˣʱǴ˲ؿԼݽȥΣҾͻһŬ£ղ仧̩ģĿǰΪֹһȻҲϣųʲô顣˵ĿֻͬҪһһʾһһӦڵ͵һļϡ
ȷʵӦʲôˣĻ֣Ժ̩еĻȨԽԽˡԪ
ֵһԭ򣬻һΪҪԭǾʡɽԺ׸֮꣬˭֪ײȴʡװȥˡԷʶԺȻΪˬһֱϳ뿪̩ûиһɫ
Ҫ˽³ϳҲˣƫƫʡʱڹڳϣͷﶼڳһ֮ɨءһҪŤתĻʲôгأǰһֳɵĻᣬţûɲץסġ
Ѿ⣬Ԫװһνı˵֮ȪѽЩСϢҲͰˣҪǵĻǿɾûбҪˣȻñǺһгͷȥǳܰ´õġղŵ⻰ҪǴȥĻɲͬ־֮Žѽ
Ԫ֮Ȫʳ֮һֱԷֶСֱǰָֻŵģԷ˵ôҲУĻζ⼸ʮĽǰ׻ˡ
֮ȪԷ⻰Ժмʧ䣬Ԫ˵ĺľһġ˵Ԫгʲô̬ȣǵõ쿪ͨʱ֪һҲһҹʱ䣬ȵ
һԺ֮ȪվˣԪѶԷԺֻص鷿棬ֱʮһŻҡһֱԪΪһˣҪʱȥ˼ıҲôŻԭ
ղ֮Ȫ˵飬ҪĻһҪú˼һĻС¶̩жͷȴ£ԱΪ֮͸ԽϰҲֵ˿Ѿж汾ֶˡ£ҪԼŵĻԪҲյвȸ˿ûʲôһҪ֮
һԪ⻰ԺǲˬԷ뵽ϾǶԷĸ֣־帺¹ʣðȻڵĻп˾ƫ̻ƵġĻû˿κ˶վ˵ȴܵġʶԺһͷڱʼǱд˵дʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
ԪһıֿͦĵģΪĵľλĸֳԷ˵ûзȨԷ帺飬ȻзȨڼԷûҪͷ˼ƽ
Ԫĺûг̫ʱ䣬Ϊһ˿ˣԷԺֵĻᶼûи¡ۻ᳡ˣȨĴί֮⣬Ȼеڶˡ
֮ſ˵гǵȻ˵þ帺µͬ־ѻ˵
֮ŵⷬէһȥͰףкԪͬһս˼ĻͲáǡһˣʵȴﵱеһȡֺѧʣԴ˵ԪгȨ˵졣
ָһҲûԩԪȷʵɣֳ˵ԺͿˣǱκ͹ֵξֳ۰Ͱ͵صأ
ԪҲϽˣȻó֮Ż˼϶ʱڨڨ֮ɫˣǿ˵У˵ģ븺ʱͬ־ǻ㱨꣬£λô¼ǰ˵һҪڹģĻǲӦġ
˵⻰ԺϵĲ豭
һһᣬû˿ˣŽ˵ղźгֳѾ㱨κгξ̸ֳһ̸ߵ
κ⻰Ժæֱλ쵼һͷʾ⣬Ȼſ˵ֲҷֹܵģҶⷽĶҲǺİҺξֳһ飬ҾͰѹؿϻѧλݵ鱨棬쵼ͬ־һ㱨
˺ǰ֮κѧˣȰԼժȻ̸顣


һǧһʮ ͨᣨ
ڽĻ㱨УҲһһ۵űһֲ©ضӰ˵ķͿԺξֳǲʲôҪģԷҡҡͷ
һκı֣һϲݾȡͬĴʩȥӦԣȷʵǹٳ˱رĹ֮һκ㣬ܹԼ⣬Ͳһܴﵽĸ߶ˡ
κĻ㱨ԺԪ˵κгˡֱԣղŶǸרҵδ̫ǿһ㣬Щרҵ÷Ѿúܣܼܲ򵥵ظһ͡
ԪѾҪͷĴˣղű֮һѣ׼ᣬ׼ˡ
κ⻰Ժ󣬳һߵξֳ˵ξ֣רҵʿΪ쵼ѸղǸһ¡
κĵزմˣԪͶʯ·ֱһƻľƸ˹ֵξֳ
ξֳ䲻ԸְΧ֮ڵ飬ȻҲѡԪҪĴ𰸣˵˵óڿ֮ǰѾκоüˣװģ濼һſ˵
һԺξֳһ˵ǡгλ쵼ڽ֮ǰҾиҪλ쵼㱨һ¡ղκгǷݱǾֵӻѧλоרңǵġ¹شΪ۵ĿѧԺȨԣǾõԱ֤Բôȥġ
һԷⷬԺ˵ͷκλҲʡ͵ĵƣڿ֮ǰȰѻѧλרҵӿʱɵĻǾζҪⷽרңֻ˵湻ţġ
ξֳⷬ֮ȪղκǷݱ浱У˵кܶרҵʻ㣬ɬѶ˼óˡԪ˵Ŀ޷ǰ˼˵øһ㣬Ĳе˼ۿŶԼΪһ淢չ˿֮Ȫȴһ취ҲûСòƺбߵˣ˿֮̾Ȫˡ
˵꿪Ժξֳ˵λרʵصԺóĽۣҾͻ֮ԷλΪ޷̩ɳ˵ڵر³գյ¹ʵķ
ǵµôֵأһʧʱһ䡣
ξֳгλרҵʵزʵ飬Ϊٽߵɳڶʱ֮ܵģĿкܴϵղκгǸ渽λרҲʵʱݣǻһύġ
ԪҲ׼㣬벻һȻǰ淢ˡξֳĻشԺһ˵
֮ǰһֱΪһ֮ŴĳĬ¹ʸСûȥ롣
磬֮Ȫȥҵ飬û룬˶ԷĻԺʱʶΪ֮ȪôǵһԺ֮䲻ԸһԹѾãǴҶ֪顣ξֳⷬԪΪе̫ˡ
ʶԺȻٿˡԪԸ⿴֮źһˣǽӰ쵽ĻȨԸⱻ˵ǹʹҪǴȥõһ֮ȻµĸгǹʹˣԿ
֮Ȫ˿ͨͨľţԴţȫǶ෽ջʶҪˣڿȻ֮ǰ໽еԪҲϢģе֮Ȫ֮⣬ΪԷϻǿӲȥģϾ֮ǰѾ˿ˡ벻Ȼ磬ܲ
ֵһᣬԪԺ޶Ժ֮Ȫˣ֪ٵȥˣˡ£Ԫ۵ӣԣп֣֮ԲɵǶˡ
ǡг˵䣬֪вУ֮Ȫ侲ʵ
Դϴڳίϱ֮źݺʰһԺ˵ʲôģ࣬ԵĿꡣ
ԪڲԷǹʹԲû֮Ȫ֮һƣеôˣ֪ٲ̬Ļⳡе̫ˣ˵гл뽲Ȿһͨᣬҳ
֮Ȫ⻰Ժ󣬳֮΢΢һЦ˵ллǣԸղξֳ˵Ļ̸˵ĿһڽɳӣǷᵼ½̮ûпѧݣڶеĻҶˣҲɰôʱɳӣܵ½̮ˣҪ˵ȥĻҲ̫еˡ
ڷ֮ǰ֮ȪѾˣ⻰ֻܳŹֵľֳȥ˵֮ǰκͰԼժһɶˣóŶԷʡ⣬ԷθгʱɱˣʵػǱҪġ
Ҫξֳһ֮ȪֵģԷϾǸг䲻ֹܹ֣쵼κʱ򶼱ʵʵжСʱȴû취ãΪԷĴʷ̫ΪϬֻҪһõĻȴĽٲľء
һ£ô飬ʡǳע鳤רŴ££ȻãͼͨµĶﵽһЩɸ˵Ŀģǿǵˡ
ξֳ֮Ȫһۣ˵гãղŵ⣬ţܸһشȹûпѧݵ飬еݱ棬ѧλר˳֤ǻŷ޵֤Դ˸ȤĻһԺúжһ¡


һǧһʮ 
˵Ժͣ٣˵ڵڶ㣬ɳǶνϾ˶೤ʱɳӣ˵˲㣬ͬг˵Ҳ㡣дźͲɳ˫˵ԭҴ֪ʲôԭʱڴ³ظתƣǰǰ󡢶϶Ѿһɳˡ
˵ԺξֳеһļϺһ¼Ŵ
һ֮ȪξֳһԺ˪һ㡪ˣﲻмԵ֮Ȫǳ˽⣬͵ҪֵļһҪ붯Ļûʵʵ֤Ȼǲеġ
죬κ㱨˳ԺֵԺָʾԷȥ죬ȥѧרҡڹֵ鹤ǳ߱棬Լ߷ùˣǵĻ¼ͼ¼ȵȡΪľǵʱöԷ޻˵Ҳ˳ﵽĿˡ
ξֳ˵һᣬһ˺һᣬ֮Ȫûٿڣ㿪˵ղгʣξֳѾ˽ˣ쵼ʲôĻʡ
˵⻰Ժ󣬻ﻹѻȸֵһᣬһ˵ǡгǵĻ㱨͵λ쵼ָʾ
Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬿֮һۣŶԷ˵ͷȻ˵ղ˼λͬ־Ļ㱨Ҿ⼸ҵĹ׿гЧģ¹ʵԭڿ֮ǰĹ۵ȷʵʧƫģ˵ΪۼΪʵڿ۾ģҲδؾʵŵģڹֵͬ־Ƚ۹⣬ӻѧרңΪǽʵò˳
˵ԺԪͣ٣һ˵¹ʵԣҽίǰ飬澿ô£ΪʲôвɳŵҸܵĲɰһڵʱ䶼ڴŵ³ظɳǾʲôҿ⣬ΪճĻ޷ѽ
ԪʱһɳӣһҲ֡ղݽȥȷѣԱԼ鲢ûκιϵ֮ǰֻжƫѡĻͲʲô˵飬ʥ˻أοԪֻǷӰˡ
Ԫ⻰˵Ժ˵ע֮ŵϣгѾ˵ˣȻһֱ̬ˡ
֮һ˵ղгĻе¹ȷʵֵ˼ҪǰղŷԵλͬ־˵ⱾһӦ÷¹ʣȴʵʵڵǵǰˡ⾿Щ˷ˣһҪҳܵӦеĳͷ
֮˵ʱ֮Ȫɨһۡɳһֱ֮Ȫڸ˶֪飬ڳˣܴĸǶ˵֮ȪѲ˸ϵѹ֮˲ˡ
ǣھͺͼǿϵһ£Դ˵ɳȥţȫͼλȫǾ͸ղξֳ˵Щ֮͡ŶѦ˵Ժֳ˵ãǼᡣ
Ѧ֮ŵĻվߵȥ绰ˡ
˿̣Ҷ֮˵ᣬֻǸӣסϢ͸¶ȥʱҲɳŵ˿ɾˡ˶ν²ؼ߸߹Ψһľ֮Ȫˡ
ʱŲѣϢ͸¶ţȫˣҲ˿һܶ˶ڹעǵλ١ԪͲֱָˣ֮Ÿղ͵һƳ˿̻һֲĸо
֮Ȫַ¶߬סֻֻʪģȫǺìܵ˼㣬ǸƴһѣԴУ֮Ȫ۾ͷŵŶ
ʱ֮ͻȻ˵гֻѧһ£ҵֻûˡ
⻰һ˶е˼ˣ֮Ҫ֮ȪˡƺҲ֮УʡӲʱ򣬳شİȫ¹ʣܵ˳еΣ鵽ȷʵͷĻֻ취ˡڵĽʾ鼫пָгйϵ£Ϊһֵ֮ŵȻûзŶԷһĵ
һעһֱ֮ȪϣԷҲ´ֵĶôĿĺܼ򵥣ԷֻϢʲôģһἰʱֹġⲻǸ˶Թ飬ϵ¹ܷ˳˽⣬һһ¹ʵҪˣȻϣϵȥ
֮˵⻰ʱһ֮ȪԵؾҶһ£ȻżԸؽֻߵԵĺѧġ
֮ȪǳԷôĿģ㲻ֻʲôСѾǲܵˡֻԺ֮Ȫ类˳˽СϺһ㣬ϣһ
˴ԼСʱԺ֮ŲųһʹһɫʾԽˡһ֪һǼίǿǱߵ㶨ˣԲٵͨ籨ʲôˡһע⵽ʱ֮ŵѧĽֻ֮ȪָֻгڽӵֻʱһӣʱֻѾˡ
һʰúκĲϸ׼ŵ֮ŵĸǰ˭֪Էȴ˵ڡһһ£Һг
⻰ԺһѦڶһۣԭȵλӡ
һΪ֮ſܻҪһ㣬˭֪˶Ժֱӿ˵¹ʵѾˣһȥ̩鳤㱨˵⻰Ժ֮վӣȻתȥ


һǧһʮһ ̫
̩Ժǲûȥǿķ䣬һС͵Ļҡһ֮ǰ֮ѾͶԷϵˣΪ豭ʲôģѾ׼ˣɼ׼
Ժ֮žͿʼ˻㱨֮ǰ롢κλֳһ׼һһݸǿĿ
һע⵽ǿú棬׵ĵط֮šԪѯʡһЩҲ̫׵ģһʱزԽ͡ЩɵģԴ˻Ƿǳ˽ġ
һСʱĻ㱨ǿԭί֮漴ֻ㱨Ѿüίͬ־£вɳŵܾԼλܶѾȥȲˣʱ䲻Ӧþͻнˡ
ǿ벻̩еĶ֮죬͹۵˵Դ˻ǱȽġʡĿľΪ˷ֹŪ٣ղϸоһԷṩݲϣеĿŶȻǷǳߵģȻҲ˵ǰٷ֮ˡ
ǿ˼Ժ󣬿ʵǡԪг¹ʳ˲ɳŵˣûǣУĿҲ֪ʡ㱨ʱϣܹ㱨ȫһ㡣
⻰Ȼ˵ĺתڳ˶óʲô˼ʡӲʱôĶֻʰССϺǽȥʲôĻ˵ʡ㱨ʱҲð˵
֮⻰ԺûڣǰĿͶ䵽Ԫϣ˼»˵ɣ˭֪һ˵飬ܲڵľڡ֮·ˣԪǰֻһ·ˡڹעʡݶԿڻ㱨ԭӦг㱨ǡɳµĸгǸûκˡ
Ԫüͷһúǳʹ˵еĲɳһֱǸг֮ȪֹܣҲɽسʱĲɳ˾չġ¹ʣǲ֪飬ǲǲˣʱŵ룬þͻнˡ
ԷĻȻ˵ĺתǿȻе˼ͷһ˵˵ָгʡʱܵλɣ
Ԫ˶ԷĻԺص˵ͷ
֮šԪѦڡһ˴Ӻ̩Ժ˭Ҳûڣ˵ʵ˿˵ﶼ̫ġ
ղǿѾȷʾˣʡ㱨ģͬʱҪ̩е˽һòɳżλ쵼Ա˼빤һҪ˵ȥ
ǿ⻰͸¶ϢѾȷˣǾɽֵ̩˼ˣĻǿ֣µؽʡ鳤̩мλطԱǰûʲôɪʱ֮źԪΪطϵ٣һ˵ʵȨģ»Ҫѷһ£Է˵ĿǿӲ̵ʲôǾͲˡ
°Ժ֮Ȫصλڽҵ·ϵĻСУڻסҲ֪㲻ңҲ㣬ֻ˫ĸĸˣҲԵˡ
صԺ֮ȪͽԼص鷿档
֪һʹ죬ҲͲҽȥˡǵøհᵽʱһζԷҲģ°ؼҾͽԼص鷿ڹģȥʺ˶Էһ˭֪ⲻĵãһģԷȻǶԷһγǵúҲǴǴԺ󣬲ܶԷ鷿ãȥŵġ
Ҳˣܵʱ֮ȪûгҲûнȥԺԹȥ濴ˡ
֮Ȫ˿飬鷢չزȴʲôˡǺ͸ԼΪʲôƫҪɽǰ¶¶Ļأڱ˵ˣҪסǰλûǲܵˣп֮֡ţȫȥԺ֮ȫ¶Ļɾȫˡ
֮Ȫ绰ûˣѵĻ֪ôˡܲ绰˼ǰ󣬾绰Ϊ£˿²ԸˡҪǲ绰ĻǾζʧˣɲ֮ȪԸ
Ժ֮ȪͨǸĵĺ롣һṦ򣬵绰ͷʳɹǻʮιλ
֮Ȫһ꺮ůȻͰǰ˵˳ֻ˵ʱû˵⣬ֻ˵ǲɳ˾˳⣬Ҳû濼ǣڴӦ벻Ȼô¨ӣһ˵ûȹѹء
ʳ⻰Ժ󣬺ŭ˵㵱ʱ˵ʱҾ㲻Ҫ˼ƫƫҪôȥ㣬ڳ˰ɣʱ뵽ҪҰˣ㲻̫
֮ȪԺæ˵֣֪ˣͰҰɣҪǶԸҵĻҿɾˣ
ʳ֮ȪĻԺ󣬳̾һ˵֮ȪѽΪԸ̩ʡѾˣʡ¹ΣӲ쾹Ȼ飬ưո
˵Ժͣ٣˵֮Ȫ鵽ĿǰΪֹûв鵽ͷϣҾ˵ӦǸᣬȥͬ־̸ȡɣһкģ˵ûã⻹治˵Ҳѱѽ
֮Ȫѻ˵ˣȻҲٶ˵ʲôˣԷټԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰


һǧһʮ ѡ
绰Ժ֮Ȫ˿־壬֮ǰʶΪֻҪ˵仰Ӧòʲô˵顣˿̣ʶԵһǾûа˭Ļƶȥɽ½ĻʡʡλʡĶ˹ע£һȷʵôкɴ˿ɼղһں
ʡ̩ӲһǱһӵĻƲ˵֮ǰ飬ҲɨءһᣬȻҪúһ̩еĲӡ˵¹ѻʡѾһʱˣòƻûôչ𣬴鳤ǿͿɼľˡ
֮Ȫֻε飬ɲ̫ģȫ˵Ԫ֮ųһ´󡣾ճһС¹ʣⲢĳԣž»㱨ʡǶԷҲ̫Ϊġ̩дȥˣŲطʡĸλȥǶ
ĹؼǣԶԶֹЩ⣬Ĳ˵ⶰӣټװޣôҲֵʮɣΪ˷ֹ⣬ⷿӵĲȨڹ£˸׵¡ͺͷϵʭŵģ׿ʵͽũһҲôߵķ
˷⣬Щɳ˾ڣţȫϽӹǮͲʮټ϶Է͸ģ٣ﶼûţȫܰЩ㱨ǲ˵˽ǮȻ֪ġ
֮Ȫ̱ϰϣֻǰһƬҰʧ־塣
Ҳ֪˯˶ã͵һӾˣ߷ϰԵȥ§֮Ȫ˭֪ȴ§һգŮе㲻ˣæ򿪴ͷƣ˿ֻϵʱ䣬Ѿҹˡʱ֮ȪȻûϴʵе̫ˣ飬Ҳ뵽ʱѽʶҪˣæӴ첽鷿ȥ
ƿ鷿ԺһĻľǰ֮Ȫ̱ϰϣͷһߣ°ĭ۾бڱϣӺˡ
һĻԺ󣬹ĵһӡˡˣǴŵ˹ȥֵʳָڶԷ촽Ϸ˺һҲûоԷĺǿ򶨵ĹҲֲסˣҽһڵذϡ
һǵڶһϰԺ󣬲ŵ֪֮ȪѶġʼʱе㲻ţٳȥϸ̽һҪˡ¸ߣͽӵί鳤߳ɽܵĵ绰ʮ¥ĳίҲμӽίᡣ
һµ绰Ժһƨϣڿ֮Ȫʮа˾Ӧˣ֮Ųἱ֪ͨٿʱίᡣ֮Ȫ֮Թ꣬͵һԷѶﻹеܲˡô˵컹ǰһˣһҹ֮䣬ʧˣô˵еԽܡ
ʱίٿʱ̣ܶҪ֮ͨȪ顣֮Ž˵ʬĽ֮Ȫҹʮҷ˴İҩġҩԴҲˣǰʱʧߣ֮ȪȥҽԺһƿתֻԿɼƬ벻εȫȥ
֮ȪͨԺʱίϻ飬һ֮ȪζԵ⣻ڶһһ¹ʵĴ⡣Һܿ˽֮Ȫ򣬶⹫˵ͻ
ĹΪ˶ѾˣͷֽĻʲôأ˵һһ¹ʵĴ̩ĶѾˣʣǿʡ̬ˣԴһ¾iĲϽǿ˺Ĵ֪ͨ
ӻҳص칫ԺһĴκģôҲ벻ף֮Ȫȥǳһˣôѡһ·ߡһǵò֪ĸֽ־Ͽһ仰£ϻʲôֵ㺦µأ
һ֮Ȫѡ˼˵һ·Ϊһһǵ飬һһЩΪ֪飬ЩʱѾҪˣ˭Ҳһȥƽ׽ʲôܴȥһ硣
֮ȪԺһ뵽˳ίоһ顪һһ¹ʵĴ⣬ʵ鵽ĿǰΪֹѾˡ
˭ҲȤȥԸǼЩССϺģ˵֮ȪԺȫе鶼ơʱֻҪ˵һ䣬ʲô֪гģʱ˭Ҳܰô
뵽Ժһ͵ط֣֮ȪԺʵΪʡɽһǶ˵Ϊ֮ȪԼ˶Էһʡ֮ȥ鹤⣬Ҫ𷣵طϵĹԱ˼ұˡ۵Ȼǣǿ󣬵ӲҪ˵ĻɽҲûκΰ취Ͼ쳤ڱϣô˵һ취ҲûС
һ뵽ԺֻͷĸоһƷǳ飬ǰǰǣ˺ϵĻȷʵǳӡʶԺһһ֧̣ߵ˴ǰ
ʱѾһϰߣÿÿ벻ͨ飬ϲߵǰǰķ羰ֻᵱһɽСĸоȷʵʱȴͷķգǰ֮
һΪ֮Ȫǳ˽⣬Ҳ͸ѡɱԭʵȻ֮Ȫ޷ʧܣ޷һǰʧܡԺʼӡŶǰһί챨ʱ龰
Ϊһֻǽ˹ʺ˶ѲŻ֮ȪͷϣҲһʱܿŤת־档


һǧһʮ 
һһ¹ʵĵˮԺʶⱲܶûгԽһĿˣټţȫ֮Լ̵֪飬ܵ鼯ϵһǶ̶̵һ˲䣬׻֮ȪߣʹҲûȥˣѡ˽Լ
˵ѡɱʱǷǳ嶯ģһӣпܲȥѡˣźǣһ˲䣬ǵͷûһӵĸǱôˡ
һԤƵһһԺʱӵʡ֪ͨһһ¹̩нд㱨ϱһõĹٷԶûг֣Ҳ˵¾͵Ϊֹˡ
ŵţȫǵ˹ȻûôʧеȫƵ֮ȪϡǵĻ˼ȫǱƵģҪǲôȥĻгòɱһ㡣
ţȫǽ֮Ȫڻžķ͸Է仧׵£ÿ»̶ṩǮѣЩǴӲɳŵС֧ġ
ţȫṩһ¼¼βɳܾ͸֮ȪԼÿһǮ
ʱ˲֪֮Ȫѡϼ˵ԭһ걳Ҳ˵ĺġҪ˵һǾΪŵǵ飬ѡ߼˵Ļȷʵеǣǿ
ţȫ֮ԽôණҲΪȲѣΪί˽ԺƲ˲ɳ˾ĿϸԺǷ֪ȥҲǱƲѣ֮֮ȪˮġһͿԼܵĳͷˡ
ţȫһί˻һ취ҲûУ֪ſںߵɣȴҲͻƵ㡣֮Ȫˣ·ҹͲ֪ˣ˵ȥ֪ˡ
֮ǰҲ˻ɹıɱնһһųˣһֱ֮ȪȷʵûıɱԷıҪݻԭ۵Ļ֮Ȫⲻܻȡκ棬ʧȥһɡ
ԣаٺһԹԲȥġ
֮ȪҪ֪յұ۾˶ԴĻʱĲһһ·ʱعͷ˵ЩĻѾˡ
Ϊ˾Ӱ죬Ҫίţȫ˵ʧȥãճţȫ˾⣬˵ⶼУڶԹǵĴһЩۣջѡ˿¡
֮Ȫ³Ժ죬һ鶼ǺܺãҲѹ֣Էʶ꣬˵˴֮һЩԹ͵ԷԶ뿪Ϣʼе㲻þ
Ϊˣƴһ绰ĵʡίУѵʱ¡ƸʡܷͽӶֱ绰ˣʵĶ֮Ȫ顣ûж˵ֻǼ򵥵ؽһص
ϢǴģż칦򣬿Ѿȫʡ֪ˡʵΪյͬѧ֪Ժƴһ£Ҳ֮е顣
һ󣬶˵ʱȽæ㿴ʲôʱԼһۣҺþûһˣǺǣ
ƴһﵱ˼֮⣬æ˵ȹʱ䣬Ͱ飬һ䣬صѡʲôط
һһ£˵ͰӦɣѡĩҺúþһۡ
ӦһԺл͹Ҷ˵绰
뵽ʱһߵ̫Ѩ֮Ȫ³ԺһַǳɵĸоԺƴ绰ʱ򣬲˵ҪͲʵ˾һ۵顣׼һ֧̣ϢƬ̣칫ϵĵ绰ͻȻͲŻͲ˵ιλ
һң绰ͷФȵ
ŶѽǵӦôһʵ
ФǱ߾һʱæµǰڵ׼Ѿ㶨ˡ׼뷽跨ȡлǿ֣ͬɵëԱͳṩĶDNAȶԡǷǳؼһȶԲϵĻĸ޴̸ˣҲФһǰ̶Ĳ衣
гŮ˵ĻŶȻǷǳߵģҲζǾäĿ¡һ˼Ҳһ֣ҪһͷȥĻʱͷˡȰʵˣԷʲôıĻҲڲ֮ء
ܴʲôǶ˵鶼̫һ㣬һФŲòС¡֮Ȫ飬һԽʱҪһһҪȥ£ǧܼһʱ
ϴڷɽԳʱҪº׼ĻпԿܵĵǸĻɽһԹ۵ģһɿǺõģпֱһñѹʱ򣬾㲻ȥ׷ķΣгҪȥҲô׵ˡ
ǰ֮һФҪŶ֣ǰڵ׼ʵʱöԷ޻˵˾ͲҪٳȥˡڵȻҪлǿ֣ͬɲʲô£ѵ£ԺôԷѹ
֣̩ͬͶ̣лǿĺһʡӣЩҪǲףðȻֵĻʱп뱻Ǹʱȥ취ĻǿɾͳˡҪ鷳֮ǰһҪıŲԱ
֣̩ͬҪõë֮Ķʲô£ԴӹԺлǿô̩Ӧ졣һԿ̩б飬ʱ֮ڣԴٸǲ̩ܵˣФԴȥӦһѶԷżĵصȴᡣ


һǧһʮ ݻ
ФһѾӦ죬Ѿҵлǿľסأڻûʲôõİ취õĶ
һ󣬸߶Է²żȴᣬһܾԷĻ飬ǾͱˡлǿҲɵӣ֪߶ȡжˣԴеġֻڶԷûвȥгɹĿܣöԷ֪ĿģȥĻǳɹĿԼûС
Фʾ֪绰Ŀľǰ㱨һ£һż
һһʾ׶Է˼ˡ
һԺһ͵һܶФаǾͷһ棬ӦĵͷߣǱߵȽϤһ棬Фǲ飬˼ɡ
뵽ԺһѴͷФбҪĻԺϵʱֻҪǰһ绰ʹͷϵ
ФӦһֱӰѴͷĵ绰ʱֱӺͶԷϵ
һҲУֱӰѺͷµľǴñģ벻ܺФˣʲôͷģ˵ӰǣӦòʲô⡣
Ҷϵ绰ԺһþɽӲ֮ȪԺĵӺ֮ǰǰˣҲѧհǰ˺ˡܾǳ˵ģԽԽ£ҪǴһǶ˵ĻҲһֳı֡
һһ֧̣վȥԼĴ΢һ¡ʱ䣬лǿ֣ͬɵ⣬һҲǣҶǣǾѩޱ顣֮ǰԷѾ˵ʱȥɽضԷ
Էˣʽöˡһ֪ԷԲֻΪһٷô򵥣һʲôҪ飬˵Ҫһ£̩֮ǰ־ǳгôСأ
ѩޱ˵־֮Ϊڸٹ·ڴΥµͷΪ˰ŮܰФͺ̸Ժ󣬸һӦǿ͹۴ڵģФרҵжǰٷ֮ٵšĻ鵱ȻСˡҲǹ÷ѩޱһֱڵԭȫˣ׼˵
£һм˷ܣһ˿ӵ̩÷ѩޱ˽Ժ֪ԷʼûнȫĵơҪҿյˣﵱȻм˷ܡ
˵Ҳ֪յԺȻҪȡж˼ҶΣܲ˵ͷڹɣĻҲе̫˵ȥˡ
뵽ʱһųĲһڵɫ¥߷һû⣬Ǳ˻ͷһ׼һ˽ȥȿȣǺÿ
һ磬һ˯εоͱѩޱĵ绰ˡʱһѹܴݺݵɱ˼Ĺ죬ǷɣҲǷйںóʱûˣˮƽ½ú˼ҺݺŰ˺ụ̈ҵһо̡һڣ˯ʱѾʮˡҪ뵽ڶѩޱĻ治׼ձ
ѩޱڵ绰ͷһȻûʱ׼˵ʱƳ˰СʱȥǱҲûʲô£˵ʲôģ÷Ѿ׼ˣġ
һԷ˵ʮӳæӦŰ˵һ㣬һء
ʮֵʱһѳԼõ̩̳ǡһֱӰѳѩޱĳȥɣȻ˽ҳ̩гֵƵ̫ߣ˶Ѿ֪гĳˣҲжѩޱǱȽȫϵʱѽһҵĳûκκ֮ˡ
һǵʱ򣬿ѩޱ˵ǸƺŵĳѾͣǶˣﲻɵһաղŶԷڵ绰˵ʱʱѾûأŹ˵һģĻһŮ˵Ķ֮졣
ʶԺһӳѩޱĳȥ˳ǰһԷЦأţ˽ȥˡ
ѩޱԷڸʻλõʱһţһ೵ʱﲻɵӿһʧ֮顣һһ췢¹ʵʱһקǰܵһ˲䣬ѩޱǸжҲǴһߴӢ˸ƵسֹһεԼǰȴûҵ𰸣˵ԸȥѰҴ𰸡
ѽһԺ󣬼Էûжǳѵ
Ŷѽѩޱһ䣬Լҵ顣õ϶ĴԺװģشҵţػ·м们ȥ
ǰʻ˺һΣ˶ûп˵Եеơ
һ룬˵ô˵
ѩޱݸһЦش쵼⣬Ķ˵ķݣڵ쵼ָʾأ
ͷԺ˵ĻϻӾʹˣ²һŷ֣ղһ󣬲֮ĽԴ쵼ԺѾϰںˣҲֿˡ
˵г֮ߵһΪţȫʱоηɱ𣿡ѩޱʵ
֮Ȫղûж⹫ֻڳί֪вͬ£˶Ѿˣڱ˵ģе㲻̫صϢķΧ̫㣬ѩޱĴܼҶ֪ꡣ


һǧһʮ ѧ
һ£ͬʱҲһ£˵Ǻµԭû˿ȥ˵ģ˵ǻ£Ϊû˵ԵûĪһŻᵼ¸ָİ汾С
һ֪ѩޱôʲʲôĿģֻǺʹȻˡһ£˵ţȫ˵ĻҲȫţ֮ǿ϶ģ˵棬ţȫ˵ôסڳˣһˣһˣô˵Ҳû˺ʡ
ѩޱĻԺûпڣؿһᣬſ˵г֮䣬ǲǡź͹ᳶһȥģԺ󣬺ķ˶ûеΪˣг񻹺ݺݵŮһ١
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻſ˵гܹѽ
аѩޱ˵쵼Ȼû˵İ칫ȥ˵Щ飬ʱҶ˵飬ֻˣһװµӣ֪Щ˵ģе档
ʵЩ飬һ治̫һ˵
һ֪ѩޱºܸȤѡ˳ĬҲǶ֮ȪһذɡһͨϺ֪ʳɴԭ򣬵һѩޱղ˵֮ȪԺŮȻû̩г֣геûӣڶԷ֪֮Ȫ͹飬ܲˡҪ֮ȪѾĻүӼпܻԶʰⲻǸƼҵĨ⻹еˡ
ҲԿ˶˽ģŮöô֣ȥܣȥ˵֪ŮԺȴܴӱϿ֮Ȫһ£ĸ첲ضյġ
ѩޱͷˣںһһۣ˵гǴӺģ˵˵֮ɣ˵б۵ģǺ棬㲻ɣ
Դ֮ȪԺһҪߵ˼ѩޱĻԺ룬˵УȻҾ˵˵ɣ꣬ҸոմѧҵֻʱгѾίǵˣ߽ί¥Ժ󣬡
һ˻䵱УյһĻһĻŵӰһԺϲص˵£һ㺣þõػ֮ȥΪв㺦ֵ̭֮ȪΪ߲嵶ĺֵܡФмһжȴӲκλرĺŮˡŷ١
ֱգһʱǶĿǰΪֹΪѵӣһӶ޷ļ䣬ЩˣЩ½ԶԺ
ѩޱֻһһ֮Ȫ֮Ĺ£벻ԷһڣȻɲסһԶ˵˳֪ЩҲѾܳʱ䣬ø˶Էһ˵Ļᣬͽһкгˡ
ѩޱѳٷŵúŶԷĻ벻ޱǿˣȻҲйǰǵʱʵǳϡ
һ˵Ժ󣬰ѳһ㣬ȻžһΪԼһ̡֧ղŵһ˵࣬Դ֮ȪԺ;һʯͷţʯͷ˵ء
ѩޱ͸ڵĺӾһı֣ؿʵĶΪʲôӹأ
һһ㶣漴׶Է˵˭ˣ룬˵Щ飬ôôģ֮ѡһ·Ϊ˲Ӱҵ;Ȼˡ
ѩޱһ˼꣬;Ÿո𲽣һûн飬ǸŮ˾ѡ뿪£Ȼǲܻˡѩޱ䲻֪Ů˵գһ̣ԶԷǳ˾ġѩޱҪǻһǶȵĻδһ
һ̵⣬ѳϣȻѩޱ˵ˣ᲻ѽ
֪ûпԤҲûʲô⣬ǷгܲŵģǺǣѩޱЦ
һ󣬵˵ͷ⵹ʵԴ쵼Ժ󣬺ηʲô֮Ѿûʲôϵˡг˵׼ߣġ
ѹһЦ˵һԱԺϰȥ˳ˣȥ˺þҲûлڲ˳ҲԶԾȥ˭֪վһǰץΪֱ治ƻǾ»ơҪ˵̣ƫƫ벻»ơνֻڤ˼ˡ
ѩޱ˵⻰Ժ͵ʲôһ˵ˣһղŵ˵͹Фֳͬѧ
ѽҺͬѧǺҪõǣѧеʱǵĶǿԶѽҪ˵ѧУˣЩĶǵĲӡһ˵
ʲôѩޱǾȻЩѧǿѽѧʱܶŹʲôסƯŮҪ˼ŮѡˣǲҲôɹ
£һ׼ڶԷǰ԰һĹʷ벻˶ԷеĶѧˣʧѽʶԺһæҡҡͷŶԷ˵ˣҸղ˵ģǸ˼ҵ˼ǡ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬿ЦһʶԷǹѰģǺǲһѩޱ״ЦҪڿĻпЦǰϵġ
ڳñȽϳ٣ټ·ϵĳٱȽǵ־ϼʱѾʮһˣ˵һ㣬緹Ǹϵϵġ


һǧһʮ 𣿲
³Ժһŷ֮ǰһôصĴ󣬸ղôȥأӦڸʻλã͵һ컵ķ羰ˣź
ѩޱ촩һɫСȥ㣬ȴһ׵ĵ챡ķ羰֣ˣ⻹Ҫ˵ġźɫ˿ʵİ޶ȹ̻ɫ˿࣬Ȳ߹յ쾡£ɴ˲ɱ֪
⻹꣬һȹ壬ʱ򣬾ԵĶ̣˭ʱҲվǡһĻ֮ǰ״ʲôһʲô羰ǻ֮ӣ
ѩޱѳͣڹ÷ſڣ˴ӳԺһˣ˵Ư
ѩޱ⻰Ժһϲȴ¶ɫ˵ôѽ֮ǰҶһֱѽ
£𣿡һʵ
ѩޱһЦʵ𣿡
һ˻֪λشźãڵһᣬҲ֪˵ʲôáѩޱ״ǿЦ
Ϊ˽һ䣬ѩޱǺܷһ˼ڴȹӵ⣬ԥ˺һ뵽Ů˴Ư·Ϊ˸˿뵽⻰ʱʹ⣬ԥؽȹӴ
ȹӵص㣬ǾԶԣȹڶһ㣬ӵʱ򡣵ʱȹӵʱ˼ɣöҪǹĻ߹Ŀܡסߥޣͽ
ԺߵӸǰգէһûʲôһ͵תһĻͷˣȹתƮֻҪǶȺʵĻȫԿܡ
ʶʱѩޱֻȺģ̧ͷվӵʱ򣬾աе߹Σգ֮ǰ˵ȹܰٷ֮ٵؽȲβ߹ճԵʮ㡣
ѩޱ뵽ȹԴ͹³ûмأʱ򲻴Ļϰʱ򴩸ǲܵġʮŮѾߵഺβˣʱҪٲקһקĻԺקβͿɾûлˡԺѩޱͲԥˣæŴ·ˡ
˾һݵĽԺ󣬸׼̧Ժȥһ˵ĶСãôڲѽСýƯѽŶԣԸУ
ѩޱ⻰Ժæɫһܰ˵ܰ˵ʲôأпأ壡
ܰվһ΢ЦһһۣԸؽһ壬ϵıܲ˼˵˵ûһȷʵԸУѵ˵滰Ҳд
ѩޱֱС￹񣬳һһĶ˵г룡
һһͷ̧ǰȥȴܲΪȻһСǰҲҪװģģгʲôģС֮ӣ
֪ǣڵСͷĶɲһĶࡣһֱѩޱǳ۰ܰҪǲɫԷĻָһ˵ʲôأҲзδȻ
ѩޱһսԺţ÷ӭ˳Ц˵гӭ٣ϴʱ򣬳飬ʱҪȻⷿӿͻˡ
÷˵һյ̩ǵʱ飬ʱҪͦĻ¹÷͹ܰԹ¶ĸ治һصסⶰլӡڶԷᣬм֮Ա
һæ˵ɩӣô˵ΪǵĹλͺӸںίǶԲȥѽ
г˵Ļҿɾе㲻֪÷˵ʱ򣬾е㲻֪˵ˡ
ѩޱһ߼״æ˵ˣɩӣҲҪ˵ˣгˣǸһлĻᣬ쵼ѽ
ѩޱѵöԣг룬룡÷˵
ԴɷԺ󣬹÷߲ϻ˿̹ĵʶʱҪһԮֵĻе޷׷ӵʵ˵ѩޱиΰţҪһĻܲԭȵλ϶˵͸˵ˡҲǹ÷¶ģҪɷĶԷҪԭ
֮ǰѩޱᵽ飬ڴ̫شһֱԥġϸ۲һ̩еıԺ¶˾ģ绰ѩޱԼԷʱ½ʡҪ鹤¾÷ѩޱ˵ʡ̩Ժһ飬Ӽᶨȥͷ
һڹ÷ѩޱԺ󣬿ĳȻ򵥣÷ȴʰþȥܰ÷һѩޱһᣬŮȥæµˡѩޱҪһǾ˦ƹ
һѩޱڳȻĵúܿģڹ÷ļ˶еŲΪ˱Σѩޱվϵͷ21ɫӻڲûнߵӣֻյ̨еĻѩƮƮ
һԹ־˼ֹ֮⡣Էô˵Ҳгˣ벻ͥȻһ㡣̩ͨͥ״Ҳȹ÷Ҫϲ١˵־Ѿ뿪ˣ㲻뿪ĻҲõĶȥ
һɴ뵽ƿʡʱԭ֯޿Ķ˵һԷԹ־˻Ƿǳ˽ģҪȻҲ˵һҲᶨһһҪѹ־


һǧһʮ һ
֮ǰһ뵽÷ѩޱһЩǳҪܾǹܰ⵽ܣʱ汻ԭ򡣶ԷһҲ֪ڣԲŻ뷽跨ؽ㵽֡
һȻµȴûѩޱǰ飬ʹ֮Ĺϵܲǰ£Ҳûԭܼ򵥣֪һǷǳҪģǾոʱһģĻҲǰʡ
죬ĻԷһҲͼᶨһһҪ²˵ʵӺʼһ·ڹٳֵһ˲࣬־Ӧһټϴ޿ĵУԶԷ飬ֻҪһҪһˮʯ
ѩޱһһΪϰ̨ӣǳԽ͵ɩܰסԺҪǻһ̨ӣɩȴ˵ѧϰҪģǲҪˣߵӶûװǲǿߣ
һ֪Է˼һ£˵ûе£ƽʱҲٿӣ羿һˣ˵ʵڣ˿ǲˡ
ѽѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬲֪Լ˶Է˵ԹֱԴǣѧǹֶǳ졣ĵһѧǿȡǻ¿ɲһ׵顣˵ԺǾ͸ˣĻҲܴһСԱһֱгҲΪԸԭ򣬲˺ġ
ѩޱ˵ʱĵ飬Ӿ鶯һ״Ӱϵֽһֽݸ˶ԷȻ˵İɣҼȻӦˣһ˵ĺͻŵһġ
⻰Ժѩޱ̧ͷһһۣ˵лл
ڵͷ˽֮ʱܰڴ˵塢Сã˵׼Էˡ
ѩޱ⻰ԺæվȥĸŮ˷ȥˡ
˵ֻһЩũҲˣһԵȴΪģһ棬÷ĳȷʵܲĲɫζȫһ棬ԭϷǳص߲˶ԼҲ԰ģϺǾýģҲũɱģ˵ǴɫʳƷ
һϲ㣬Ǻյ飬ͷǸоһķҪ˵ʲôܺĻǷǴȥ¬صĽɫݳԵĪˣֻǴα¬سĶƻ£ԵĺǲˬյľãһҲͲˣֱʵڳԲˣס˿ӡ
극Ժ󣬹÷ѩޱæʰӣܰǹɵذһһ裬ȻȥСˡһСⶮµģｫЩܵʱļһݺݵһͨ͹־֮ʲôìܣ˼ҺͲһӦøϳ飬˵飬ôúӳأûƷ˼㣡
һߺȲ裬Сϵһݡ˿ھǽģǹ÷Ϊ׼ġ˼壬ⱾӦһ̫ãԵϾͳ֪ǲҲйͷ֮ӡ
˰ʰԺ󣬹÷ѩޱһǰһ߽˷䣬ѩޱڽ֮ǰ֮ǰϵɫ
ܰ״Ǻ棬Ҳȥȴĸ׺ֹˡСȻ⣬ĻһСȥ
÷ѩޱڷ˴ԼҾͳˣһͨ⿴ѩޱİֹĹҵĸо˵һǹ÷ǼҪĶŵѩޱİ֮ǰԤƵһûѩޱֱӽˡҲ֮УϾѩޱ֮ΪϤһ㣬Щ˵ȽϷ㡣
һͷԺѾѩޱгҴȥɣŽߣ̸ʲôķ羰þӳе˵żߣӦûͦġ
УҲ뷨һȻѩޱ˵⻰ĿģҲ;¿ˣ˵⻰Ժվ
÷˿ҲѾʶһѾµǵˣǿ˵гҵҾͲˣлǼҵĹעҴϹʾл
˵⻰Ժһһ
һæ˵˴㣬ʹã֮ǰ˵ˣͳŹгΪˣҲܶˣ֮ǰҲѾ鳤˵ˣҲ֮У㲻̫ϡ
÷⻰Ժٴһʾ˸л
ѩޱоֳеƣǶԹ÷˵ɩİɣһ˼תгġ˵⻰Ժһһơ
һѩޱ粢С·ϣ·ľףʱʱػܿһƵҰھþӳе˵ȷʵһѵõܡһԴȴе㲻ΪȻСũ峤󣬼ЩݲݣȻòİЩѾ뵽ĹԾٳʱղҲİ֮С
ǰһԺѩޱ˵ǰǸڹչȥǽˣȥߣ
һЦ˵ģҽǿˣǺǣ˵⻰Ժ͵ʲôƵģʵˣɳųԺǸɳô
ղɩ˵⼸ͣˣǵĹ˵ͣҵ١ѩޱ˵ԺյùĻЩײϰգʵʲôأ
һ⻰Ժ󣬿˵ѽ²ôȥʵڲеĻһܡ


һǧһʮ ҿյ
ɳҵص㣬ԶԣǷǳߵģյĻ˶ǳۺɮ⣬֮Ȫ⣬һ˲仢룬ֻһ߸ɵ۵ķݡʱڳ飬ɳżֵɽʱǲ׽̯ӵģһŻиղŵһ
һĹԱͬ˵ǿıڲ;֮ǰһֱĵײ㣬֪ͨϰĸʿࡣ
øղѩޱ˵Щɳ˵֮Ȫţȫ˸Щ˵ĶһϵҲûУڳȴҪеڣȷʵе˵ȥ𿴲ɳ벢ߣЩȫҾָأ͵һ¶ǵĻ·ЩʵͽĹˡũȥʲôأܸʲôأ
뵽Щʱһͷޱȵĳأܽ紵˺⣬ͷǺܾᡣһֱһûһԾӣ͹÷˵ֻҪΧ֮ڵģǻᾡõġƲʲôٲΪؼ˵һһֱŷ˵öԵԼģԺʱ򣬾ҪԼźͲˡ
֪֮䣬Ѿ˽ϣŹǰľýˮһпǧΪĸ׺ӲһһֻĬĬף㱨һ˺ˡ
ѩޱվڽϣĳ̧ͷһһۣ˼˵Сʱ򣬱ֻҪżٻҪҵ棬ҽУ԰﷢Ȥ飬ͰģԺҲҪһ¶ѧһõˡ
һ˳ŶԷĻͷ˵ʱԸ˳ʵˣ˴ѧΪһԱڸǴɲˣ˵ǹҵĶˣǺǣףѽ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ΢΢һЦ˵ҾͰ⵱쵼ҵĹˣнɼҪΪ硣ô꣬г䲻˵߹٣һͨũ߳ȥĺӣѾǳˡҪ˵Ȩı˽Ļ¾Ϊ˰иһˣΪˣгֵúܲ죬նԷЭˡ
һ΢΢һʵ˵г
ѩޱ֣صص˵ͷһԺŻ˵ҿԲ٣ҲһҪɱԸѸøЩ˵õӦеĳͷԴο֮顣
һѩޱ˵⻰Ŀģʵ̬Ҳ˵Ϊ˹־飬ҪվĻԥȥеԶԷĿ࿴ѩޱ͹־һҵĸ鼫ҪΪ־İ
һֱһûѩޱ˵ĸĸӦһЩ飬ԷԴ⡣ͨѩޱһһоԹ־Ѿ˱áķ룬ֵุСҲǶԷϧԼһУҲҪͷԭڡ
뵽ԺһʵܴڶԷϧ˰ܹгŮԶԶķѽ
ڣΪ˵ȷĹ۵㲻ͬ˴֮еСìܣӵģ㵽Ҫʲôĳ̶ȣǿɾͲˣڷɲϣˣһ˾ȥġ
ѩޱ˼һ˵ȥʡʵϲȥμӻ飬׼ȥʡίٱĳ˵ġ֪ôģϢȻԷ֪ˣǱ˼װɾܰƭ˳ȥȻ绰Ͷ벻ڱĳڸڴͷ׼صʱ򣬱緢ˡ
Ŷһ˵
飬Ѿ֪ˣһФȥҹǸײ־˾ͨԶԷѯۺϽŵʱֳƬݣȷһĳ벻ǰ滹оٱһ˵һĻ˳ˡ
һ˼Ժ󣬿ѩޱһһʵԷ˭Ԫ𣿡
־ʱǳгԪгѩޱ֮˼һײµ𰸡
ѩޱ⻰Ժתһص˵ͷȻ󿪿˵һֱ֪飬ֱ뿪Ժ󣬱ɩŽǸŷҿ˵֮ǰͶʲôĻñɩҿȻŰ죬ûо԰յʱǧҪó˵ѾԤе˿ܻ£
˵ʱѩޱˮӡۡ
һ״е޴֮Уѩޱ˿̵ıȫĵʵе¶֮ĹϵԼѾӦȥ飬ȫûбҪ̬
ѩޱҲоʧ̬ӰóСֽһһŶһ˵˼ѽÿ˵飬ҾеƲסԼ
ͣ٣ѩޱҧҧ˵ҵĸĸҺСʱ򣬾ͳ뿪ˣڱҳģһֱҵУͬ׸һ㣬ȴ
˵ԺѩޱҲ˵ȥˣ죬鴤ȥġһ״ǰһ֣ѩޱ£˵ҲҪ̫ģϾܸڰ˳ɣ
Ժѩޱſסϵˮ˲ÿ޻˵Ӱóһŷݸһ˵Ǳ׼ʡίӦĲϣһݣߴһݣԺҺͱɩϵֳԺǷݲѾˣǱȷڱɩǰһݡ


һǧһʮ 
˵Ժѩޱͣ٣ֽ˵ɩҲݲǲһѾˣ˵вõĶǸӡһĻҪ⵹ԷѶӦòСɣ
һ붼û룬شѩޱȻԸô˵ȴò˵⿿ӡĻµѶȷʵ൱󣬶ˣǹĸ飿ҵĸоԪ˵˵вëҪ˵Ļƺ
ѩޱЦȻûܰ⵹ҲݳһȥŬԺջûίһְټһǿƵĸ֣òһ㣬֮ǰĻǿһ졣
Ŷһ⻰ԺŶһûпڡ
Ȼѩޱ˵ɺһȴӦûб飬ĻƾӦòԪг˵͵
һеɽ̩ԺԪ쳣ˣȥվӿͼѽҿԼҪȻҪܻӲСѶȡ
ѩޱ˵ŷĶҪӳǶԷڽԪ㳡ʱ򣬺Ϳ֮̽һЩףкüԭʼƱݵĸӡҵЩԭʼƱݵĻϧ
һҲɵüͷȷʵһ鷳£־Ժ󣬹÷ѩޱҲ澿ô¡뿪ʵ֪֪гλЩģɲ˭ܸ㵽ġ
Ҳ¹򣬾ұɩ˵ܺͽֵеϵʲôϵҲ˵ѩޱ˵ݱɩ˵ڳǰһϺ˵ڶ죬ҪһˣȻԷһȥʡ
⻰Ժһ￩һ£æʵô˵ĳʱ򣬹гĳӦûһˣĶأҵ˵Ļ⿪žͲԶˡ
ѽҲôġѩޱ˵ҺͱɩԺ󣬾ýҪȥʡ˼пܾǽֵ飬ǸŮˣǾͶ෽ңҲеüĿˣҲǾʱ¸ԭ򡣡
һԺģղѩޱ˵ǰʱܲΪ˵ЩŮ˾Ե÷ǳؼ־ȥʡΪ˾ٱԪһĻҪǸʮа˾žǸŮˣĻ֤֤;ȫˣɹĿԾͻ൱ˡһ£ô飬־ûʮİվԲôȥɵġ
£÷ѩޱðȻµĻпܴ벻ĺŮеʶûǳ
һһ֧̣ѩޱ˵˵˵нֺ飬һǵһӦö̩˰ɣ
ѩޱһȻ󿪿˵Ϻʡ˾֪ͨʲô˺ԪߣڶԷ֧£˳Ԫ㳡޽Ȩڴ˹УνһٶʮԪ㵽Ԫŵ˻ϣ涼иӡ˻Ϣϡ
˵ʱѩޱָָһеǸŷ⡣
˵ǻʡԴˣѧҵԺӦƸ˽ֵĹ˾Ϊ˶Է飬ȻӦǳΪԷˡ˵ΪʲôԭַģͲö֪ˡ
ѩޱ˵ͣ٣˵֮ǰҺͱɩ෽ҵڵľסأȥļңڵļҰ棬ӦǽˣȥʱĴϻŴ˫ϲ֪ʲôԭٳţ鼸ڲٳ֣Χ۲죬ֻһţڰʱ඼ˡ
һԺ󣬵˵ͷѩޱǹƵӦûŮһ⣬ӼġŮҲеĻģ֪еĵ
ɣҰⶫԺ˵һǸŮھľסַдңǱߵºð졣һѩޱ˵
⻰Ժѩޱæ˵ͷ֮ǰ֮Ժ͹÷Ժ󣬾¸һһΪʱĹ۲죬ȫܹˣһҲΪ鵽زеòˣҪһƶ档
ǳҪڽʱ򣬶ǳͶ룬ûɫһͻȻеǼһ˿ʶ˵ǲˣ
ѩޱ泯ܲ漴˵ˣǿȥɣһزȥˡ
ʶʱѾһ㣬ǰʮײãѩޱҲ˲ýϵĸ߸Ьˣһǰȥߡ׵ĺ̸ףܲ˺档
ʶԺһ˽ŲŤͷȥӳǰһĻûѪѩޱǰɽıܻţ¶˼ȹµҲǻۡһ˲䣬һĳЩλ˷Ӧ
˵Ժ󣬹÷æëһѩޱ·Ļᣬ͵ۣȻԾʮ㣬͸ղȣҪѷɫ٣ⳡµĻǼʱһķ羰
ܹ÷ʢһѩޱѡ˻
ߵʱһŹ÷˵һ䣬ɩӣģǼͽˣҪܰæʱһϵġ÷Ժ󣬳ǧлȻûʲô˵ˡ
һѩޱԺһŸظҵġһԷԸеĴ磬ﰵмֺڣ֪ͲˣʱҲиȥԷڣ


һǧһʮ 
صԺһһóѩޱǸŷ⣬װҪѩޱղ˵Ǽʻ¼ԼпϢЩûκκ⣬Ԫ㳡ϵĻζʲôͲˡ
Щټ֤ˣѹԪᾪʧ룬ϧ˰ܹ־Ůˣ浽һľˡ
һѶźԺ󣬵һ֧̣ؿǰ
ڹ־ѾˣڽӵԪָʹ˴ĵ绰Ժ󣬵֪Ůˣǲֻȥʡľڳͷʱⷢˡ˾ȺԺʵϵʱϻһ˲û˲ĻӦþʱܵӦòأ뿪ʱûǹ־ϵǸŷ⡣ⶫӦþ־ģеҪԡԺȥǡ
Ҫ˳£ͱȡ֧֣ƾյЩӡǾԲеģҪȡŮ˵֧֣ʱܱȵ컹ѡһ뵽ʱһ̣Ȼȫ˳ȥԭ򵥣׶˹־ĵ绰Ŀ˳ķȻȻػὫϵһ£Ȼվˡ
˼ʶⳡԤıģ仰˵־鶼ıɱٷնĶһͨĳֵޱǿ²Ҫ˵վͶԷԣŶҪСģᵽԺҪӼԭ
һĻҪȡ֧֣еѶȿ֪뵽ʱһеͷ۵ĸоͷۣǳؼûзĵжѣһҪȡŮ˵֧֮֡ѡҪҷԪͽ֣һԭֻҪᣬվӦûлġ
ڳ⣬оФһֱ飬һѰҰܹܰķͽڶѰһ̩ʱļ͵ˡ
ܹܰһֱӵĹϵǲ˵ġ˵С͵ǵȻǳϵġĻӦþǳŹ־Ķġ
ҲһжǸԭΪԪѾĻûбҪٵ־ļѰˡ֮ѡǸʱҲΪ֪ˣԺûлˣƫƫԷŵ˻һסˣһһƶϳǼҪĹޣǶԷҲ벻顣
ڶḶ́һ˵Ȼˣ嵽же㲻Ҫ졣һܾʲôĻҪ˵Ļǲ̫ܵ飬Ŀǰ£ʲôأ⻹ȷʵһǳԽ顣
ԺһӵФĵ绰˵뷽跨õлǿļͷ׼ӦӶԷȻ̩Ȱߵȫ㶨ˣֱȥӦץˣԱݾߡ
һȻû飬ֻФһҪעⱣܡͨ־飬һ©ϢĺǶôأʱԪ֪Ķݱźиûֻ벻ǡ
һⶣФԭֻһֳǸֳԪԪһ֮ѣȻʲôö֪£һԪ档˵Ԫ᲻лǿͨ籨ţ˵
֮ԺһԪӡ鵽˼㣬Է׼ͶɽδԺ˺ԿܽõͷҲΪ档һĻϢԣɾһֳɵˣⲻҪκǮԿȫҶм㣬ΪԿܶԣǾ֮ġá£ûвȥɡ
ФһԺ˵ȥ⼸˶ǾŵùģȥӦ֮ǰһǳõĽӦԪûйܵɡ
һ󣬱û˵ʲôФǾŵùģټ϶ԷɵľǾһУܵʶǿȻûʲôõĵˡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһǳοФӺĻӶ飬֪ôˡɴ˼ᶨкʵĻһҪѶԷһֵλã;ԣҲǷǳҪġ
ڶٽ°ʱһͻȻӵԪĵ绰Էȥ칫һˣ˵
Ȼͬһ¥ϣһµĻҲͼľ룬⼸˭ҪȥʲôĻǴһ绰ͬǣԪһֱӴһһûرҪĻȴԷ飬ܾһֺͶ֮ɣ
ͨѩޱ÷ĽһԪһʶ˵ʵĵе㲻Էô˵ԷҲгֱ쵼Щ뷨ĻҲñסܽϣĻɲڿչ̸ˡ
һԪȻ̸˲ɳŵ飬ɽ̩ӲԺ󣬸ѹȷʵСټ֮Ȫ飬гҲеסˣٳӣĻ϶¶е㲻̫ýˣԲһҹ̸ɳŵ顣
ǹϵٻϰյĳԷ⣬һĻҲС飬ԪԴ˻Ƿǳӵġ


һǧһʮһ پ
һнֲɳŵ˼ԪȻ֣µغ̸ˣҲûƴǣˬشӦ
Ŀǰ£ҪǲֵĻûԸֵɽģһĻյùĻЩϰա
һ;һֱΪϰʵµԲܴĸǶ˵ûѵĽڡ
Ԫһͷ´ӦﳤһҪǽ˵Ļ𲻴ӦΣԪе㵣ǲܰ¸áһӦĻûʲôˡһʱ䣬ԪܶĲһ飬Ǿûκλ˵ġ
÷ɽǱߵԳ˵ԪĻһע⵽ҰġɽǱвҰģ˵ЩҰҰ֮ĶҲõȰЩҰ㶨˵ҪĻʡ쵼ӲʱǿɾҪˡÿ뵽һʱԪֻú쬵ġ
֮ȪԺԪҪǵα֤ȶҪʵһĿĻе˶ĻͲдˡҪ˵µģǵȻһĪˣĿǰִ£Ϊһ֮ԪȴòԷͷԸղ˰죬ֱӴһ绰ȥ
һںͶԷʱشŶԷʱ¼ԪеĲɣ˵ʱе벻Ҳѹ֣˭˿̵ľأҪԱһƽĵĻô׵顣
磬һ°Ѹг̹Žеİ칫ңϸһڲɳŵ顣
֮Ȫˣţȫץˣ֮ǰļҲߵòˣڲɳһɢɳҪյľĻ֮Ҫѡһŵùͷ˳ͿԽȥˣһԼѹһĻӦûȽ׳Чøشɳ߳Ŀǰ
һ뷨Ͳ̹ŽԺ󣬶ԷҲǳϿĹ۵㣬Ŀǰֻ£ȷʵΪеһװ취ˡöԺһò̹ȥˣһԺȥɳƸƸְλͿԹȥһܾܺͱһְܾ͸ܱ֮ǰвְϣûơ
ΪʲôһҪóӦƸһͨϴβɳźʹִɳŵıݬ룬ȻüŲ棬ŧһҪгġҪĵһŵĹָԺ󣬲չһо֮ǰɳŵ⳹׽µһ꣬װ
̹Ȼί֮ŵˣһֱǳʵɵģĻϵҲϳֳٵľһһԺ󣬸оԷʵѲɳŸãﻹǷǳĵġΪһĵ쵼ɲ˭ҲϣҵΪһߵ;ĩ·ĻЩ˿ɶˡ
ٽ°ʱһӵФĵ绰˵ǼĽѾˣ׼㱨һ¡
һ⻰Ժ֪Ӧú֮ǰԤƵ߲ˣԷءͶФ˵һԷصФţѶԷһ΢Ƨĵطݶǳ⣬˿ĻܻһЩҪۣҪ鲻
Фһ˵һҺ˵طͺһϵ
ԼСʱԺһӵФĵ绰Է¾СһҹݣǾһļģȥǵطԷӦò˵Ĺעһ󣬾ص㲻ͷӦ
һݵʱ򣬿ФĳѾͣˣ³ԺһʮͷӭһĿ⣬оʮа˾žФ˵ǸݵǸ졣
ԷߵһǰʲôҲûʣֱӿ˵гФŰˡ
һŶԷ˵ͷŰȥˡ
ФȻڰһ˶Ѿ׼ˡ
һʱҲæùǺټ֮ȪȽƣԺ󣬾ͳФ˵ʱӦ졢̩ͷܣˣǺúúô
аԸȣҾͷ㣬ڵľȷʵе㲻ҹάȫһġФЦ˵
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦҲû硣Դӵ̩ԺʱԼ̰һ㳡£Ҳһ˼һ¶ѡڲĻе˻ļҪٺФ統ںƴƵĻԲǶԷĶ֣ӲΪѵĻֻһǾ̱ȥ
ФһĻԺ󣬾Ȼû⡣һʱĥԺλͬȷʵֵ࣬úѧϰڸĻһ߳ⷽȻǿ滹дߣܽŶԷĽŲ
ĿǰΪֹᵽӵ˵ǷһԲǳ֮һҪպ󳬹ûκ⡣ϰֻһҲֹڸѾǸˣԽԷָտɴ
˺һԺФͷˣһеƵɵĸоϵʱ䷢飬еˣΪ֮Ȫ飬Էе㲻þԲŻ˾ٶ֢ڣ˺ȾƵĽ࣬벻öԷȶˣĻƲӰʲôĲ˵յùĻýͻؼʲôġ


һǧһʮ 
Фһ̸֧һȻʱǲй֣ͬɺлǿǸгŮ֮˵˳յĶľӦúͳ˵Ļ֤ݣͲɼ˵ëDNAȶԣȷȷ֣ͬɺлǿĶһĻͲǵˡ
Ϊ˷ֹԷƱ磬Фȡ·Ҳͬݵļ¼񣬾ͷ淴ӦҲ֤ʵ˳˵ĻлǿǿǴΣǸ޳֣ܵͬɾȻ䵱˰ףﵽ˼㡣
һФ˵ʱȭݺݵ棬ŭ
Ф⻰ԺæŶԷ˾ƱԺſ˵ѽڰ참ĹУԺ󣬴ҵﶼߣ֣ͬɺ죬֮ǰŮˣȻԷó費Ƕ
һ⻰ԺĬƿֱ˵ı浹˾ơ
Ф״æ˵ŵ㣬Щ˿˵ȡ˲ûйϵǵںʱ򣬾˵˭ʲô·Լѡģͱ˲ûаϵôղܳʲôǶԼѡģͬ޹ء
һȻףԷ˼һ£˵ҵǾºʲôϵֻǾճе㲻ãҵʱҲͲˣ
һ⻰ҲȻ߼Ф˵Ĳ˵ʡʱòɰڴŵ³԰ģţȫͨһб˽ģ
˵ԺФͣ٣˵治ųˮɣǸţȫôûõģһ֪ôˣ𣿡
һФĻԺ󣬾þõûпڣһ֧Ժüͷ˼Ф˵Щ֪֮Ȫ뿪ܴĶǶ˵ûκιϵȴǾеµûš
һΪԷ̫ϤԵʣҲɣ컹Եһˣһҹ֮侹Զʧˣʵȷʵ˾еԽܡ
Фһɫһ㣬ʵ飬׼֣㿴ʲôעûУ
ûʲôˣǰڵ׼ѾλˣҪСĽһ㣬λֹѽһһ˵ǻ֣µ㹦ֻҪˣλôţ棬Ҳʲôˡ
۵ҵĲıϣҲôģֻҪʱ䣬аٷ֮ٵİ֣ģϾյĶǲ׵ģֻһʱеѰѽλҪǵ֪ӱˣҪŭˡФ˵
˵⻰ͬʱ̧ͷһۣҲһҪԭлǿĸԿܿǸʡҪǵ֪ӱ̩йָץˣһ뷽跨شȵģһĻǿܻǰδеѹʱ㲻õĻͼпܻ¡
֮ǰһǹ⣬Էʣ˵ҿܵذ֣ͬ£ȻѸͻȡ£֤Ժȥλ˵ʡʡίҲ޷ڵġ
ǡФ˵ֻУ˭Ҳұ֤һϢҲ©һҪ©˷ĻԷҪĻǿɾͱˣץǲץܲؿ뿪ɣ
ФĻԺһ룬ʵӦǱߵģ

·ͻȻĻܱ֤ܲлǿ
Ф¶һ˿мһ˵Ц⣬ΪȻ˵ԸҪˣһһĻ֮ڣеκһֱӰſ¡
һ˼ϵصɣҪǳ˵ĻǾֱҾͲˣ˭ܷ졣
У仰ҾͷˡФ˵ãԺҪ취ҪڹߵĻҾҪ취ˣ˺нĻɾͻˡ
⣬һûпǹФһ˵ſ룬Ф˵ɣ¾Ͳˣֻ¾ˣĽ죬ҾͰӵӪȥҿʡʲô취ߣ
һФĸǰȻûʲôıҪôľô˵ڻʡΧڣ㽫лǿصĸȥΪԿܵĸʡһ뵽취ģΨнԷӵӪȥԸʡܾûа취ˡ
Ф⻰Ժ󣬳׷һݵİ취ԿڵطϵܲС˾Ļܾûκΰ취ˡ˵һھФǺģ˵һˣʮ˸ģûʲô⡣ͷһʯͷԺФҲſˣһƴ˼оԷ˵Ѿе㲻ˣæͣŶԷ˷š
ߵſڣФͻȻŮǰ߹һһȻʶģһ衣Ф״æһһ˵Ů飬ȥкѽ
һȻ˲٣ФʱͣԵҲû̫ࡣФкԺæ̧ͷȥͮ˹ǳʲôģϻ˵ʲôֵ飬ס¾С⸽
һҲþûˣ벻ȻԷ׼кԷȴФ˵һȻкһƺڶǵҡ


һǧһʮ Ƿ
⻰Ժһ˳ФĿȥСëͮĺ棬ߵͷ·۾⿴ǰŮƣ֪һﲻǺˣŮ治ʲôأ
һФ˵ߣȥ
˵⻰Ժһ͵سȥˣФҪץסԷһȽͣһûץסҲֻýǰȥФ룬ĳ˽컹ǺȶˣҪĻԲô嶯ģ
һ˿ֻͷκģë塢Զĵطվӣȵʲôվס
ëӳǶͿʼͮˣۿԷҪ¾СˣǵĿľŮסĶĿۿҪʵˣȴ֪Ķһˣͷŭ֪߸ëǰһһ˭ѽվסǷѽ
һظͮͺǲˬһһھ࣬״ôǰȭͷֱԷŶȥ
߸ëҲǸܺˣ벻ԷһԲֱӿһĹ򣬱Ѿһȭʱ۵ĽǣͬʱһȺҺӱ˳սһӴ⵽һȭθʱһ󷭽ûѸճȥĶ³
ëϴ󱻶ԷˣȻԹۣ׼æ˭֪ûȭͷ貿Ѿһţһȣֱ˵ڵأģ˭˭͵Ϯӣ
䣬ֻžž漴ǰӴӴˣɼòᡣ
ФһˣȻûһɵվŵĵҪ˵гǳг쵼ǵѧʱ򣬴˴ǲϵġǸë׼֮ʣǰһֱӷŷ˶Է׼ʹ˰ֵģ벻ԷȻڳ£ȻĹԷͷֱȥžžֻͣĵķˡ
ͮ粢ǰţͻȻ˶æתȥ
ͮһæ˵裬˰֣ôͱ˴ģ
ͮѾһˣ赱ȻܿͬͮͬʣǾһôģһͱ˴һţʵе˷ѽ⡣ϸһһڱ˶ĲФ˭
һĻﰵڸأץС͵ǵĻҲֵһгѽ뵽Ժͮ˵ߣȥ
Ůܵǰʱֻëڽģȿֺ˵磬磬Ǳˣ֪ˣ
һФ˿̰ڳһҺŵģǲмؿŵϵһͷս̫ˣǻûôѾڵϲˡ
Ф״˴ȵ˵˼Ůʲô˵ʵ
ë֮ǰǸŵŮҲ˹֪ԭ򣬿Ϲˣ仨ȻƯ˼Ҷлʹߵģᰤе㶼ԩ״ԺҲˣʲô͵Ļ˶һȭ⣬Բκαĺôģֻһؿͷ絷⣬ġ
һëĵԣǲˬȵҹ´ҪٸɵĻһδһΣ
ë⻰ԺæѸٴӵţһȳһյȥ˵䳡滰ģ뵽ղһļһ뻹ˣҪԼҲʹˡ
һֱΪФͮ˽ܣԵ֡һ漴ͰѸղſëظǺ˵˳ͮ󶼴һ䲻Ƥʲô벻ʲô£ҿһФҪȻָᷢʲôأ붼е¡
վ·һᣬФԾﻹΪ뿪ˡ֪һ֮飬˵˾ʲô̶Ȳô˵ûʲôˣԱŵĨˡ
ͮҲɵӣФ뿪ԺҲһ߿ˡǷǳԴһ̬ȣôѵõĻᣬȻˡ
Ժڵ˷еһӲ֪˵ʲôˡɨһһۣ˵ôôƵģ˾ƻܣҪǸղűԷˣǸôѽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ˵⻰˵ģҳԱ˳Ųź˼ҴƵģǿǸǺɻ£ҲȥѵǵġڼΪӦŶԣôˣ
⻰Ժȳۻȴװ޶Եӣ˵ҲӦöִѽҪФֳ⣬һԶĻҿڻôЦߣ
裬ҲǺ㴵ФڣҶԸĻԴ´࣬ϴβǺ˵ѧʱҺФ˶ԸԸǴĶӣٺ٣һ˵
迴һӣеˣŭ˵ң
ʲô㣿һĪʵ
Կѽҷֺһƹһôĵ飬ֱӰͻؼȥʡһ㣡
һǺһЦͳԿ˶ԷУȻڶԷɣͣŵλȥ
ǰ˵֮ȪԺ󣬱׼һһ绰ģ¶ԷΪ˼Ҳˣ׼ʱƽϢ˵벻쾹˶ԷϳԺ¡


һǧһʮ һƳ
ФһһʶʱȽϳԶ֮Ȫ֮ĶԹǷǳģΪˣʱ򣬲ѡһǳתڣԷҪĲɡ
һҲûʱ䷢һԶظ˶Է裬˽ⲻˣԷ⣬˳ڶĹ⣬û˼ˣȻûʲôҴŵıҪ
һԺ迪赼磬ҲǾȡκ˶ûйϵҲûҪ·ϡҿ״̬еĲɵģйذɣ
һ󣬲һ󣬶Էⷬео⡣֮ѾóʱûмˣԷȻͨıͻܿĵ׵뷨˽÷ǳ͸ġ
һ˵һĵҲȫԡ֮Բ³һﲻ̫ʹ죬ҪΪ쳣֣˲پ⻹ΣСåȻ֣£Բôȥġ
˵Էղ˵ϸеʱΣʮǰûκ⣬ʱȴǲܵġʱһʱ࣬ǸʱʼԷ¾Ͳ˳嶯ˣ˵ѾΪһؼеĳ񸱳ˣ飬˼򵥴ֱȥ
ƫƫľٶһĻֻ˵һ⣬Ǿ¡֮ѡӦ̩˵֮ʮԭΪһڶԷһһȻǷǳעġʱһûʲô˳ĵ飬ȴ֮㣬ɴ˿۳ʮа˾Ϊ֮Ȫ顣
УЩ鿴ȥԵòϳֻҪ㻻һǶȥĻ뵽𰸣漰Ů֮ģˡֻҪǸˣʹ˴֮ܳʱûκϵ׼ȷ֪Է˼룬ܾǴҳߵϬһͨɣ
һ͵Ժ󣬰һˮȻԷһԺ󣬱վ׼뿪ˡؿһһۣȻ󿪿˵磬ˣû°ɣ
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⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷ̧ȥڹŵһɲǣһɨһۣԷ߿æͷţٵ뿪ˡԺԾͨͨͣȺģ˴סһ㡣Ժһıһۣ͵һţɣǰȥ
һоݳ뿪Ժ󣬲վſȥûпŵƣֱӴվſڣųƹɽԶֱǰʧŵһ֧̣һڡ
ǳղֻҪ֨һԷһҲôʱĺֱסһĸоôҲ˵Ļ
Ҫ˵֮ǰںӦʱĹ˼ɵĻڵ̩Ժûκϰƫƫ²Ǹġĵҹһͷìܺã㲻˵ǶԻǴԺȻǺͷ󰵰Լ˵ξˣȺʵĻɣ
ϵõһŵԺ󣬵ڶϣФͿʼжˣȻ֣ϰˡ
˵Ҳɣϣ֣ͬɴµһ棬еһСܺθڣһԺ˫̸˼۸񣬱ֱȥˡҪµĻ˵Ȼţں滰ȻǲʵģǱɢˡ֣ͬɴ˿Ķ˼˵ȥųǸСıȥ
ʱҲ֪ʲô˵ʲôҲմʲôģҪлǿϴԺԶԷмӣ˵ֱӿˡƯŮ˶ǣ֣ϰ廹治һףԴٵԭͲòһˡСͳмʶ֮׼ѶԷúһԳͷһڶ
ʱ䣬Фһֱ˸֣ͬɣҪ¶ԷĻһǳõĻᣬΪһڹ˾棬ǶֵĻⲻ©ʱɾ鷳ˡ
лǿ֣ͬ˺Ͽģȥ¼ԺѾǹˡлǿ¶Ӧ죬˵иʡӵĴñӴͷϣ֣ͬӦòŪ٣Ϊ˷ֹһһ氲ߵġлǿõ֣ͬɱߵϢָʲôӦأΪԲ֡
Ϊȷץ֣ͬһʧФԴӣ׿׳ľ츺ץ֣ͬɺµ˽Ժ˶ܿģΪȵʲôģǶֵʱ򣬶ԷӦþûʲô֪ؾܽˡ
˭֪֣ͬɵ˽ȥ˸СʱҾͳˣǼһˣ֣ͬȴһ޵Ů˳Фָʾ֣ͬɵĳͬʱԶԶ׺סǼ࣬ǵŵ㣬бҪĻʱǡ
׿ų֣ͬɵĳ棬ȶԷѳ̩ͣ˼ҴƵſڣȻŮ˼ææȥʱ򣬼ô£һＱشԭΪ˸£һɧɫ
̩˼Ҳ̩ŵǼƵ꣬Ȼͺ̩ҶһĲ࣬Ҳ¡رʱΣƵſĺ֣Ȼ̫ʺϸ̫Ķ


һǧһʮ ôĿ
Ф֪ͨ˴ڳԭشʲôʱֵһʲôĽ֣ͬأ벻ԷȻɣٺûеˡ
Фѿ׿³ضһ֣ͬʶһץԷʱ˳棬׼ÿ׿ȥ죬ҪǸһ¾Ĳ裬ӦԾƵ귽
Ф֮Էôǲ֣ͬɵϢȥڿ˵¾㱸ˣǧһЩϸ֦ĩ⣬Ļɾе˵ȥˡ
ȻһѾˣлǿ֪ϢܵĻֱӽ£ȻǱȥԿͬûκΰ취Фȴò򲻵ѵĵزûҪôĶһжȫˣʱȡһлǿʡҲ޼ƿʩ
ʮһԺ̩˼ſڵФÿ׿ȥˣڳФԭ±֣ͬϳΣҪѽǵ©ڿ̩йֵĳ񸱾ֳ̩еĹϵͳ˵ҲǸҪԳֵһСˣһĻͺ״ȥˡ
֮ǰÿ׿ȥ̩˼ҵĸΪץ֣ͬɶġҪԳĻԷһò򵥣ĸоֵĳ񸱾ֳЩµģⲻǰҽ
Фڳϵڶ֧̻ûгʱ򣬿׿Ѿ˴ˣ֣ͬ⣬Ǹ֮ǰǸС㡣ӾƵĴųԺФͿ֣ͬɼϣʱʱſ׿䣬һӡ
һĻʱФﻹǻܿĵģҪЧһϵеĶÿµ˲һִǾ֣ͬΪ㱻ˡͷȻûʲô˵ģ֣ͬǮ˵ͲǸ飬Ļ˿̣Ҳġ
˼ߵǰʱФƿĳţ֣ͬɵΥйع涨ģ˵潣ͬⷣûȨôԴҵģҿɸǣҺǹֵԪֳѣһҪͶǡ
Ф⻰Ժ˵֣ϰôĿѽɱЩͬ־ţЩǲ˵ˣᵽ˸浹ùĻɾͲˣ˵ǰɣ
֣ͬ˵Ժ̧ͷȥ˾ȻǹֵĶﳣ񸱾ֳФǳ֮⡣Էʲôˣǿǳгһұۣгˣһ˲䣬ղŵʧӰˡ
֣ͬнĳɾͣȻɵƣФԴץֻΪߵŮ£ǾǲܵġʶԺ֣ͬɾѸòʱûиʲôΥѽôǵλŵġ
һ벻ףһҲ֣ͬɵ̬ȣæͷЦԭФֳ벻ҵС¾ͶĴݣͬѽҪʲôĻ绰ˣֱȥİ칫ѽα˴󶯸ɸأ˵ǰɣ
ФԷ̬ȱ仯֮죬ﰵģ²˵ĹһŶԷһеı飬Ф˵֣ϰ壬ϳɣһ˵
˵⻰ԺֱתȥǶԷˡ
֣ͬȻ˵䣬Է̬ȣ׽顣ϳԺĴתǾǽ⾿ô£ȻղѾʶ²򵥣һӻ벻Ķ⡣ʱòƳ˳ԳԷȺȾƣ裬ҲҸŮˣЩɶûдѽͶФ񸱾ֳĴѽ
Ф͸ڵĺӾ֣ͬһȻʧı飬ɵð˵ͷԸ֣ͬϽֻöԸתõҪĶҪöԸռĻҪɱȵ컹ѡ
ڶ糿һ칫Ժ󣬲ŵ֪֣ͬѾµϢΪФֱӲֻ˵ԷȻںһСµʱµģͲ̿ס֮С֣ϰһһմŮ˾Ҫùǿ鱻Ը治˵ץʱ򣬾ȻŮ˵ĶƤϣʵмָЦġ
Ф˵֣ͬɴ˿Ӳŵʱһæżһܲȡʲô˵ֶΣǧҪסʲôѱĻǣʱ򣬿ɾͲðˡ
Ф󣬿˵İɣһճ߶ȵģҿӦ֧Ų˶ˣҰѳṩ֤ݸʱе㲻֪ˣڽƱأӦֻʱ⡣
һ룬ſ˵УĻҾͷˣˣǱûʲôӦ
ʱûУղŸ֣ͬɴһ绰û֣Ľӣ˵ʲô˵ĻФش
ԣúܶԣû֣֮ͬǰԲκϵһ˵Ӧͬ־ʱעлǿĶһз紵ݶĻֱӽ¡ǱѾϵˣʱǻֱ˹ȥġ
Ϊȷһʧһ֮ǰѾϵĸԽϵˣԷشúܿ϶ֻҪֻҪһ绰ˣûκ⡣
¬ϵ˶֪һǱϵصĺ󱸸ɲ֮һԶֻ֧ǷǳģûһĻƾ֣ŮݣԽҲܲӵġ


һǧһʮ ׳ָʾ
Ф⻰Ժ˵УǿܣҾͷĴ󵨵ȥˡ֣ͬԶأԲκ⣬˵ӦǱߣһģҲ⡣ͺϵһ£ղŵⷬתȥ֤ԴӲӡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺФˣղŴ绰Ҫһ֣ͬɱˣһĿľ˵Ĺھߵ顣
˵һ֮ĹϵͬѰ˿֮ȴʵʵ¼¡˵ʲôĶҪԣͬղֻ԰ʾһ£һе˼ҪĻشɱֱӷҪöˡ
һ˿ϰղФ˵£ǰôʱ׼лǿ֣ͬӦò⣬еΪԿܵġԸʡΪ±Qú˻пܰԼݽȥɲһĳԡ
ϴκɽʱһΪһǲ뿴ĽΪڵһԱǳҪʡĸ߶ȵøʲôŬΪӵ˴뱲ӵŬǿɲءһ䲻Ը⿴Ľ鲢ҵģֻϣԿܲҪ̫֣ĻʲôĻǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ϻصԺһһӣ˵ԣһԺͽĹ塣
ʱæĶæˣټ鲻̫ãһϷļʽĹսˮƽҲѾСΪųˡ
ڼˣСѵӪˣһķֱӱŰԺٵСӮѭ˼Σûʲô˼ˣǱһСţСװƣɱòֺ
һɱòֺ֮ʣڵԵֻͻȻһФĺ룬ʶüͷղȻһֱϷʵﲢ̫ģе㺦µ绰졣
ʱе绰Ļ׼ʲô£Фĵ绰ʮа˾ӦúлǿйأĻԷô绰ġ
绰ͨԺ󣬹ȻһԤϣФлǿ֪ĶõϢں׼뿪Ӧ죬绰ʾһжһüﰵϹûв͸ǽһĻ֮ǰķԵĴʩԵ÷ǳԶ׿ʶˣĻʱɾͱˡ
뵽ԺһФ˵֮ǰж죬Ǳߵͬ־ֽ£Ȼٰڵĵص㷴Ҵ绰˻ӦǡһҪһһĵطھ˴ﵽ֮ǰǧܳʲôĻǿɾѰˡ
Уû⣬֮ǰҾѾ˵ˣǱߵĶһ㣬Ӧ˼ҵĵ̣ǵƿ֮У˭Ҳ˵ᷢʲô顣Фǵ˵
Ф⻰˵ȷʵеӦǻʡʡᣬҸʡƤ´˼Ҷӣ˭Ҳ˵׼ᷢʲô飬㲻õĻź귴һɧʱҪ˵Фڲƽһпܸں浹ù
һԷĻԺ˵ã绰ǱҪϢĻ㼰ʱϵֻҪǴͨʹ̶绰أ
ãһϵФ˵Ժ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰
·ǳҲ˲Щˣ֮ĹϵأټΪͬһŬȻҪ̫ˡ
һԺϵԽһ绰ȥѾͨˣԵӵһĵ绰ԺԽһ绰һֱӺͶԷϵˣѾͶԷ˵ˡ
һµ绰ԺԽһл͹Ҷ˵绰ûԽǸϵȻԷѾȫ˵ˣûбҪٴ绰֪ˣФǱߵϢһͿ֪ͨԷжˡ
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ȴѰģһֻ֧̣же㲻ˣǲҪ绰ȥʣʱڰ칫ϵֻͻȻؽһæֻȻФĺ룬ԷѾлǿ˳ˣֻһŵúܣһؽлûа취ֻĳ
һ˵лǿĹӸȻӶʵھлЦ˿ѾûǸˣФ̵˵Ժ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰ȻóԽĺ˹ȥ
ԷһԺ󣬱ʲôҲû˵ֻ˵׳ָʾһе̶˿ҲϾ˼ˣֱӰԼ뷨˵˳绰ͷľĵطԺֻ˵һ׳ģ֤񣬽˵һ׳ټֱӹҶ˵绰
һߴཱུĵ绰æеЦõĸоֻһг׳ղǸ治̫óԷ񶨡ڶα˳Ϊ׳һǺϼҵʱ򣬱ǸսѳΪ׳ϴαȽҪһ㡣ʱ֣ڳֻǸڶԷմ⣬ô̶
ͬ绰ûбˣԷһ׳һ׳ģûе㲻˼ҿڵ绰棬Էı飬ĻǲŽоأ


һǧһʮ 
˲֮䲻ˮжҲǳѸ٣һ绰Լʮҵʱ䣬Է绰㱨˵ѾӵǸˣڸӪ·ϣһģûǲ˵ġ
һæԷʾлλȴ˵Ӧġ
ոչҶֻϵĵ绰һæ˻Ͳ绰ФģԷѾ㶨ˣӦҲһȥӪˡôΪ˷ֹЩǿлǿװƣʱʰҪֽ̫صĻ׳¡
⻰ԺһΪȻص˵ͷ£Фǵ÷ǳȫлǿװƵԸһᱩ׵ģ˿ܻһףЩǲŲǸʡĶӣʡίǵĶأװƵĻ͵˳ȭŵ㻹Ҳôɪˡ
¸㶨Ժһ֣ͬɵФ˵һ߲ҪˣĻӦúܿ£һ˯һٴ绰㱨
һ⻰Ժе㲻˼ͷҪ飬˯ȴФǰҹôƺе㲻̫ص׼ڣФȴڵ绰漱ˣ˵ˣ֣ͬǱߺжҵùȥ˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰
һ֪Է⻰£˵ﵱеǸ⣬Źô˵ģ֮ܶһͬѧѡֵܣȷʵһ£ѹֹƣһ֪ӣ
ϵʱ䣬Ѿʮһ㣬һϷ˼رյԺ󣬱ϴ˯ˡȴľʲôһԿ϶ȻѡôȥɣһҪֵס䲻ʲôʥͣײǹϵĲƽһҪܵġ
֣ͬɺлǿ˵˵ΪϵĹϵͶʰлǿͷΪԷԳֵ̫ĻҲ֡ϺӦĹ̵ʱҲûиϾɱοֻһԹء
ڲҪлǿÿǻ񹲺͹ķҪÿֻöԷõӦеĳͷ˶ѡ
ϻ˵úã̿ɻɻ˵лǿ֣ͬĻɫǮΪµһˣͷȴø³Թ˭أ
һ˯ڴԺţһ򣬱˯ȥˡҲ֪˶ãһĶͻȻ˶ˡ˵ĵһоֻ˭ֻ֪һĻһƬڣһֹʲôأ뵽⣬ٴˣĶֻ졣
뵽Ժߴ¿㣬ߴ򿪷ţſںˣˣ
򵥵ش·ſߵʱһﰵ˭أôôˡղſֻʱ˳㿴һʱ䣬ߵչѹֻû죬ûʱء
ߵſԺһһ䣬˭ѽ
ԴϴڼſڳﱻϮԺһڶЩǳ⣬һС˱˵ĵ׻˵Ҫһ򣬾һ⻰μġ
Ļ䣬Фһңڴſڣ˵ԱԺФ㲻ˣһ俪ˡ
ФһﲻɵһȻˣĻԷԲһġҵæִţȶԷԺһۣӰûУŷסĿɶ̩еͷͷԣôҲб޻
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һФΪһ裬˵ˮˮƿıܱȽϺãҲܶԸźȡ
Ф֣ͬɽһϣ軹ãԺֻÿڸģæ豭ȥСԺ󣬿вôɵˣ²豭һ̸֧һϻԺ˾Ϳʼ
һڸմӴȫûг̵Ф״̬ҲϻԷˡ
ͷ˰֧Ժһ˶Էһۣʵ׼ʱûк˵ʲôѽĻڳѽȻҪˣ˵߻ˣôͻȻöǿӲأعⷵյĻӦҲֲ̫ʱѽ
ںФһʱȽϳһԷѧһ黹еоģҲ˵һһ
⻰ԺФС̵̻ҸƵ˵ѽҸɾô꣬Ҳͷһ衣ļ˹ˡղҵʱҲϸһľУǺû˵ʲôѽ
룬Ժ󣬳Ǿ죬ûнӴˣĻһǲ˵ʲô¿ϣѱٱֱι
⻰ԺФʶص˵ͷһ˵⻰ȷʵһĵ֮ǰҲֻ˵ʲôһӡҲûˡڼԷҲô˵ùһ֧̣ԹԵصϻͷ˼
һվȥϴˣ֪˿ФҪһĻǰֻʵ䷴
һɳԺФ˵Ѷʱһֳģ̬ͻȻ仯ʱ򣬵ʱģаˣҴԴҲ벻ĶʱžعǾͰлǿ˵ˣ˭֪üͦˣˡ


һǧһʮ ȱǻ
Ժһʵ˵лǿ֣ͬˣ
ǰô˵ĿģϣʹģҪָ˹ˡФش
һԺüͷ˺һԺ󣬲ſ˵ܾͳˡ
ŶɣФɻʵ²ģҲðɣǵ͵ԽԽѽ
ģǲеһ˵֣֮ͬǰڴ֤ǰе㿸סˣϾǰڹñȽʵ˾˵ġ
ФԺʶص˵ͷ
һ״˵סҪΪ鲻С£ҪǲȡĻпܱУ߲ŻɶģɴһЩ޷ʰľ档
˵ЩҶ֪£ҲžϣǱ㽫лǿµ˵˳Ҫϻ˭֪Ф˵
Ф֣ͬɵúƣܲ˵ȻҲԵñȽϼ
һ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ѽ˵
Ф⻰Ժ¶˼ڨڨ֮ɫҲоղŵıе̫żˡ֮ĹϵȽϽԷȻܼƽЩҪǻһ쵼Ļղŵɾе㷸ɻˡʶԺФԼƽһ˵
ФıԺһﰵ˵ͷȻ󿪿˵鲻ⴥɣڱȽصлǿΪʡĹӣҲһܰڵƽ飬е㿸סҪȡĻлǿҲˮõѡ񣬵ֲôȥΪ·ͬСɣ⵽лǿıһϵƣɱĻǾûбҪˡ
ФԺʶص˵ͷһķȷʵмֵ
лǿҲµһ˵֣ͬɷеˡһ˵
ΪʲôأФѿڶ
Ǻǣ˵Թ壬ԣһûѽһЦ˵ԴӺΪͬˣѽ£ʡӲֻҪʡˣµʱһӭж⣬ôġһĻʲôõĵأ
һ˵ʱФˣȻģô˵Ǵˣ˵ʼʱҲѣôޱأԭΪǲҲܰôһĻȻûʲôõĵˡ
֢ԺФ޲ָ̧Լһ⣬һдأ
һԷһƵӣ˵ʵҪ֣ͬҲʲô£Ϳܲ׼ˣ
Ф⻰Ժæ˵ͱˣһû˯ͷȫǽĶҵţָһɣ
һŶԷӣһЦȻ˵һ
˵ԺФϸ˼һŰŰɵ˵ô˵ģвѽһе㻳ɡ
ûбõķеĻǾշ죬ûеĻҽ㻹һҵİ취һ˵
Ф룬˵ȨҾҽɣ˼Ҵ绰ʱ򣬴ᣬǰɣҪԵ޹ʵؿᣬǻ᲻ѽôʱĽҷôĽǰ״ģȷʵеʶԲĻҵղŷһһ˾ûôĻҰ׵СҹĹģģ;ơ
ҿ֣ͬͿˣҸʲôѽͻëʲôģ⻹ҪҽѽһԷ
Ф⻰Ժ󣬳ŶԷһۣ˵Ǵϴ֣ĶĥЩԼĳͱ˵Ķ̴ȣʲôӢۣߣ
˵˵ĥЩأǻۣѧʱȱ⣬ôûʲôһ༥
Фֻз۵ķˣҪ˵ʲôһӻ治֪˵ʲô룬ε˵һ䣬УǻۣҪò¶ԷĻҿô˵
ģֻҪ㰴˵İ죬һûκ⣬סһ緹ȥԺ󣬾ֱӰѶ棬˭ҲҪȥһ˵ȥԺȸһлǿĽȻٸҴ绰ҾӦܰ¡
ղſЦʱģһ˵µʱФһףһһ˵
ǳܲ˳֣ͬɣ˵ζʲôԳԺŻһȲܵһġᣬһ˵ƲߣҲоǿеģҪǻò֣ͬɵĻǿһˡ
һȥ緹Ժ󣬾͸ȥϰˣֻһǹФȥһԺ׼ȥֵ˯һ˳ľԺ󣬲֣ܺͬɽȡʱһٰѶԷ£׼һҪˡ
лǿ֣ͬɵ飬һ칫Ժ󣬶ϵĵ绰쳣עһֱٽ°࣬û֮صĵ绰úǷԿܵ˳ٶֻۣҪõǱ̩еµϢ򼸸绰ҵͷˣȥˣȻû˿Ϣȷʵе㷴˵³һ˿̿˵Ǿħֵĳˡ
ۿ°ʱˣһΪ粻ʲôˣҲϣġ糿ʱФƶļƻ֣ͬǣȻ͹ȡȥֱ¡ֻҪ֣ͬɿڣҲסлǿţһеġ


һǧһʮ ̵֧ѧ
µľʱԷҹĻе㲻̫˵ȲǿӲϾû֤ݣҲ̫ĻԷǻᲽƣ뱻
ҪûʲôĻٺòˣȵϰʱ򣬲Ļ֣ͬʮа˾ѾˣĻͲÿκ˵ɫˡ
һļʰһ£׼ȥʳóԷʱͻȻƵһüͷʶһ壬Ȼſڴ˵
űƿԺ󣬽ĳ⣬ԪԿ
¿˵ϰ壬㣡
һһͰĿ⿴Կ
Կ״æǰһ˵ггȥһ£ʡˣ̸һ̸
Կ̬ǹڱǰܶһгļӣһǰǽһӣҲȥɵġ
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ʶԺһԿ˵֪ˣȹȥɣ
Կ⻰Ժһ㶣漴㱻ܺõιȥˣһһټԺ󣬾ת뿪ˡһ·ϣԿﷸֹȻλ쵼ʲôգԿ϶ǣһá
֮ǰϰгʱⶣһ䣬г˵ʡˣһģΪ飬ϰ仰Ķص㣬һ㱨ʱֻ˵ǰ䣬ġֱӵˡ
ʡгһҳг̸ԷȻûвĵȻҪȻû˵ıҪˡ
ԿΪֵܳ飬ƫƫˡһĻԺ󣬲ûվȥǲ̲˵һ䣬֪ˣȹȥɣͲòԿеˡ
ĥһ󣬻ǺͷԿҲȥĥˡҪǴϢѾλˣ˵˼쵼ôȥǾͲҪĵˡֻҪȥϰİ칫¶װΪˮʲôģҪ˵ˡǸϰʡѾ֪ͨλˣ˵гʲôʱǾͲˡ
һڰ칫ҳһ̵֧̣̻ҸԺ󣬾վȥˡ
Сߡ˷ӵĹѧʴأ
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⼸ӵʱ䣬һҪһԼ̬⣬һ棬Ҫúһ룬ôԷԿܡ˵Ѿ˺ͶԷѵ׼˼ұϾ쵼˵ʲôĲ̫֣Ļһ쵼Ĵñӿ͹úúһˡ
һԺһվĿǰ£þװɵ㶡Էôһ£ֻҪˣ˵ʡҲûа취ӱץˣܲھ˵ҸɵģҿûбӵΡ
Ԫİ칫ԺһЦʡãӭٴݰָ̩
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Կһ⻰ԺҲǲˬԷһļƣе㲻㷢˼⻰˵һû˵һгطϲָѵβɡҪĻȥɽˮûбҪ˼г칫ѽҪΪԼӵ飬ڶʱ֮ڣԿ˵ʲôҲᵽ̩ģǲǵڰ͸һ
ﲻˬ˼㣬Կܻǿѹסŭ𣬵˵гã˽µģ͹ҲϱߣҲظôʽɣ
Ԫİ칫ңԿܵļǣԱʱ䵱ˡ
Ԫһ߿æ˵ѽһѽվʡֲˣ̣˵ߵһ̸֧ˡ
˵ʱһӦΪԿ̣ܵΪ˵Уļ͡鶼ɼ͵˸ɣҲǻĹٳһĵĹ涨һ£Ҷīسɹġ
һǳλ棬Կע̸һȥģԴ˿ҲЩûõ̬ˡӹԪݹ̣װģҴɹ˺һᣬûҵš
ԪһӣҲ֪ԷһǼ٣ȻԷҲܲ쵼ץϸɵȰɣվӣžһ´ŻΪԿ̡ܵ
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һԿܸоЩˬҲ޿κΣԪǷǳʶʱģûԼΪԼ֮ǰƶ÷ˣͶԷ˺Ƥӻ˼أ£òͷ
糿Կܵ칫Ժ󣬽ӹݺõĲ裬պڣŵĵ绰ʹ˵ʲôӱץˡ


һǧһʮ б
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Ƕȥ⣬ԿܵȻǲˬˣһ˼绰飬ɴʡоֶ˵ûô¡һĻԿܿˣЩ˲ܶ˵ѣµ͵ֽסֻ֣ҪˣҲûã֪ǰġ
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Կ̩еľץĶӣ˵ŭɶ޲òϳһӷɵ̩йְ˵Ⱥݺݵʰһ٣ɵ˵Ӵ˿̱صӪȥˣе㲻ˡȻǸʡڵطкܴȨƣЩ˴Ǳ˼񶼲һ¡
ӦĹǻĹߴ֮һţ̶ȿɼһߣʡίǳԪʡɽȥ˼鶼Ҫ͵һ㡣ֻһǳίĸʡټϸֻһЩ䲻ȵĿӣȥ˼ҵĻһʲôЧġ
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״ԺԿûäĿжʶһ²ôףҲֲ̩еľѽԷֱӵӪȥȻǹ˼ܻϷһĻûа취ˡ
Կ֪̩Ǳߺ˺ϿһǾ绰ͶԷϵһ¡ȸʲô飬Ȼźò֡˭֪̩ǱϵһԺ󣬸лǿһЩǸҲû¶棬˯֪ȥĶ
ϢԿӼᶨ֮ǰжϣ黹ǳڶӺǸ֣ͬɵϡԷпҲԷˣԲϵԿ£Ȼ޷ٵˣ˼ƬԺ󣬾ȥһ̩УҪʲô£ȻܲȡӦĴʩ
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֮ĶԻȷʵô£˼֪֪̩йӦвȡж˼һش֪òҲûʲô⡣ǳгֲǹֲֳȡʲôжҲ÷Ҫ㱨Բ֪Ҳ
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Ԫ˵⻰ԺžһҶ˵绰ʱԪıֺǲһ֮Ȼ㲻һ֣ɶԷƸģһһεصҪ֧ģ벻ֳ֪ⶥɴñǶ֧֡⻰ܵŶԷ˵ֻһδӶԷҪ


һǧһʮ ˽Ǳ˽
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Ҷϵ绰ԺԪæϵŭݣЦǺǵسԿ˵ѾֳȥˣֳһӦþͻϢˡʡʱҲˣҿҪȳԵ㷹ɣһû°ɣ
һ⻰Ժæ˵гû££ʡ⣬Ҳ쵼ǣǺǣ
ԪһıԺ˵ĸܣĺܺ˵ĳǸô֮µ˵Ȼģȴװһ㣬̸Цģݶ治ʮͷеġԪ˿ֳǰˣǰ˱ɳ̲ϵĸоǲˬ
Կܴ˿Ȼвʣ˼гô˵ˣҲ޿κΣֻõͷͬ⡣
ԪԿܺһһһԼĳϳԺͲͨФĵ绰Կҵתһ顣̶ФʱȰֻرգһĻǾͶһԷĽڡ˵֮ǰõĶԸ֣ͬɵ⣬Фʱÿ׿ֻˡ
ȺͣҶƵſڣȻһ˵ЦƵȥ˿֮״̬󲻳˿ڶǶ£Ϊ޼׼ʱúСһء
ԺһԿ˵ʡҸղֺФϵһ£ڸ·أֻĵƺǺˣҺ˵ˣһϢϵҵġ
һô˵ĿģһԴ·ǳעһǱԷ绰ġȰ⻰˵õʱ򱻶
Կ⻰Ժüͷ΢΢һ漴зһ˵гˣлл
Ԫ⻰Ժæ˵ʡ⻰˵Ŀɾ̫ˣǿɶ쵼¿չġղʵȷʵйأһһģһг˵ǰɣ
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˵һĻԺ󣬻뷨ͲעˡǶԷǳģ˵öԷһ⻰òҲûһ˲ˬҲֻܴˡ
˭֪Ԫ֮ǣһ⻰Ժ˵ԣг˵öԣȷʵһʡһġ
⻰Ժ󣬱˵ԿܣԪе㻳ԼĶǲˣԷղŻѡڣô͵˺˵ȷʵеĥ
֪ǣһ˵ġȫ¡˿̣ǲò̾һ䣬ĹԵĲˣͬĴڲͬﾳг־ͻõЧԸ޷ﵽġ
ʱ䣬⣬Ԫ÷Աƿęֻֻ́һƿԱѾƵԺԪͷԸȳȥˣ˵µĻһкǡ
ĶдԱǾϸѵģ쵼ķԸԺƯŮλ쵼΢΢һЦת˰䡣
ȷԱȥԺԿܾеľƱԪһ˵λгĳΪȮӵðãǵĹɣԴ˾Ʊʾǵл⡣
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һ˲䣬һԿܸжˣûȥǿŶԷ˵ʡо仰˵֪
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УȻʡ˵ôľô˵ˣ˵ĲԵĵط벻֡һżɽ˵ʡҺɵӦ޼;ǳˣЩ鲻Ҫĸںˣ˵԰ɣ


һǧһʮ ۲Ϊ
һ⻰мȰοԷ˼лǿ˷ɣΪԿܲûκιϵһֱϣԿΪݽȻԷղŰѻ˵ˣҲһ䣬˵ܲܶԷܲȥǾǲҵˡ
Կܶûֻ֨ĬĬس̣˺һѳ̻ᵯ̻Ҹ૵˵һг˵òѽ˵ʵҼҵǸҪһܸɣҾͲøˣ
˵һԺԿܾͲڿˣе˼Ԫһĸܵõʲôа֮֮Уʲôŭ䲻һɲǼ䣬Ƕ̵򡣻Ĺĸĸȷʵεĸĸӹɡ
ڱ˴֮䶼˵ˣٷԵûȽʹ죬һƿƺԺԿ˵ʲôҲͬٿڶƿˣе˼Ԫ˽Է˼Ҳ͹ˡ
һֱ극ԪФûе绰ԪԿܵ˼绰Ԫ˹ȥ
֪Էʲôûв鵽ԺԪ˶Է䣬һΪԿǰһ̬һҲȷʵԪǲָôĶʡѾˣֳȻһ֪ʵǺʹûʲôֱˡ
һԪ绰̶ܴΪ˴ġԷ˼ȷҸҵ˴˵绰ˣֵ绰ˡ˵֮ǰˣڱϾֹһСʱٴһ绰òҲûʲôɡ
£һȻܸԷԵİѱ绰ͨФĵ绰ߴĺѹػʾ
˵绰Կ˵ʡФֳֻûеˣӦûصˣɣ˽Ҿ͹ȥһˣúú˵һ˵飬һϢĻ绰㱨
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һԺԿ类ʩ˶һɵɵϣþҲûжһ¡
Ԫ״æкʡȵ裬Ҫ˸ߡ
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һڿȥֵ·ϣҲǲˬѹһʯͷƵģ˹ֵĴԺհѳͣˣͻȻֻһԪĵ绰룬˽
绰ͨԺԪһг㵽
һԷôʵĿģ֮ǰȻ˵ģҲûбҪѣʵʵ˵յſˡ
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һ벻ԿܾȻһ⵹ȷʵе֮⡣
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Ԫһ⻰ԺҲм֮УʲôҲû˵һڴӦԺ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰
һֻʻһӣһɣһоʼԿܵʱǶ־֮佻룬ʡ˼֮ͬ⡣һлǿ뵽ĸ֮λ⣬һǸ߸ϵĸʡһͨòͨϰգӶŮĹذ˵֮ȴһµġ
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һڳ˺һᣬƿȥ֮ǰѾФϵˣԷվڹֵ̨ϵءһӳԺФæ첽˹
һ֮ǰѾˣֻڳûгһſŶԷһ͵ǰֵʱæӭ
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һ󣬿˵Ҳһȥ֣ϰ壬ӦûҴȥϢȤġ
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ֳгһˣ׼кФһƣȻʾǼʡ֣ͬɾȻ˵زг;ֳˣȻֱӣͷǸԳľŭ˵֣ͬɣ۾˭ˣҪ˵ģûǻµĻô˹ע
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Լ̫һ̲ˣҵɲΪ㡣һ˵ʡ緹ǰ֮вŵоġ
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һ⻰Ժ󣬼˵Ҹղ˵ǻҲȻΪʡΪǵ飬ֻֻʡȥˣڿܵ£ĹӸ̧֡ܣǿ̧ܸ𣿡
һ˵ǰʱ֣ͬɻǷǳĵģĲʡȻΪǵġһ˵ʱԴĺߣʡǰʲô飬ô赭дضһ仰أҪ֪˵ĻǰһôأԹӿѽϴ¼֤ѽ
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⻰Ժ֣ͬʶص˵ͷ
һղڳһпԺ󣬾ĥôԸһˣռȶķһһʵС֣ͬɵı֣ԽӼᶨģŶԸһЦȻһһ˵룬Ӧúлǿڵĵطеϵ벻֪


һǧһʮ ǣű
˿̣֣ͬѾʶԸǣűߣǲԷⶼҪʹ޷رܡܷǳԸ֣ͬɻص˵ͷ
ɣҪ˵˵ĻһţлǿԺ˵һ֣ͬ˵˵⻰ԺתͷФȥԷͷԺһƣФԷݸ֣ͬɡ
֣ͬ䲻һлǿͨĿģ˿̫лǿѯˣҲ͹˲ȥǶԷĿˡӵ绰Ժ˵ιιĶأ֡
лǿ֪˵һʲô֣ͬ类ʩ˶һ㣬־ֻ΢΢ţǷһ仰վߵФִĶ߶ֻ
һ֣ͬɾֵ˵ҸӦҲʱգӦ֪ҵɣ
֣ͬɻеʽصͷԺһ˵ϰģرֺ͹ٷϵȽ϶ϰ壬Ӧöʱ¶ȽϸȤɣ֪Ӧ˾Ա𣿡
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˵⻰ԺһФ˵Ƕȳȥ֣ܰСʱʱ˼ҪǰСʱԺʲô˵ĻǾͲҪˡ
Фʵľ⻰Ժһ˵ǣ
ȺѶԺФſעĶһһȥ˰칫ҡ
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֣ͬʶѾ޷صʱҪԼˡô˵лǿһʡӰڷ絲꣬ʲôûСƽʱȻҲӪһЩϵʱָЩվ˵ȻǲʵġٲĻлǿȿڵĻʲôᶼûˡԷе鶼ƵͷϣɾƺҲϴˡ
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һ˿Фİ칫̡Ȳ裬ѾûʲôˣԿܽҲǰˣȫԻȥˣ֮뿴ղŵǷܲá
ĿǰԿƺѾŬһ̣˭˵أлǿϾĶӣѪŨˮѽҪ϶ͱ֣ͬ£ͲԿٸ㻨ˡ
ʱ䣬һԿ̩ܵԺıϸظФ
ĻԺФþûпڣͷ˼ҪǻĻܲһ˵ˮ©ʱ䣬ԽԽоڹţҲһζʹͳ壬öදӣҲһ˵ֻᡣԷЦ˵ȱ⣬ʱ򶼲Լǲȱ⡣
ȱȱǻۣƲ̸ǽ˵Ф˼Ժ󣬵óĽǣ޷һϵ¿ѣԵıϾǸʡʵʵĶͷ˾Ҫս֮ȷʵ˭顣
뵽ʱФʶ̧ͷƳһȻԵó̵һеĥ͸λյͬѣ̶̼깦ô˳졢Ҫ֪Էʱ򣬾ǲһֻҲ֮Ȫĵø㱻ɨسŵ³
Фڳ˼ʱ򣬶ͻȻһʻôľľؿŸǲеݸˣ


һǧһʮ ɫ
⻰ԺФֻûһ񺮣˵һеݵĸо⻰һ˵ѾʧӰˡ
ǺǣҪݸ磬ֻһ˵һһ˵
ɪФб˶Էһۣŭ˵

һװƵشЦԺФʵСʱۿˣ֪֣ͬô˵ҸоȷʵеУôĽǰߵģԹɫĹһѹ
ҲҪ־Լ硣һ˵ҿŲ˶ˣ㲻˵֮ǰлǿǿ룬ҩЧѾˣҿֲȥˡ
Ф૵˵ԸɣҪǡ
ФĻ˵һ룬ͻȻƵſڣ
ФĻ䣬ű㱻ƿˣǸղǸʵǸԳľ죬㱨ݺһĲࡣ֣ͬɾܳʱĳĬԺҪгФֳлҪ˵
첻ҵһǿһ첽Фİ칫һ㱨˶쵼أڱʾҪ˵ˣȻܵˣĻóԲ˶ߡ
Ļ㱨ԺһФһۣվ׼ȥ˸ղŻ֣ͬɻ᲻ۿСʱʱ͵ˣҪǲڵĻ⵹ȷʵһ鷳¡˵ҪˣȻϲ쳣
Ǹ㱨ľ״æ첽ߵűߣŴţФһȣһ͸ղλйأФ棬һڿһ㡣
Ф׼ߵԺԻһһߡ˵֮˽ãЩϸڹٳȴǴɣһû䵽ĻҲ˵Фصģǧá
Ф߳⣬һʱ˵Ķͻһ˵Ф֣ھѽãе£㵽ҵİ칫һ¡
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һԪФĶԻԺ󣬿ͣ˽Ųվûгȥλֳʲôָʾ
˿̣ԪҲŻأΪФ飬гݺݵһ١ῴФ׼е칫ȥ˽һ벻ԷȻֱӰ˻ʵֳ̫̲ˡ
뵽ԺԪֳŭˣФ˵Ф֣̩йֳھͺȥ칫ңҪĹҪ̸ͷϵһţһ˵
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Ф벻ԪȻ˵ĻǶһӲ֪ôˡ
һûеҲûдӹԹ¼֮ϵģ֪ᵽڵʱ򣬷ĻФ߲ˡ
ʶԺһ⣬Ԫˮ˵ԪֳǿѽұФֳȥеģȻԪ飬Ҿ͵һȣФ֣ȺԪȥɣ
Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬺޲ҵطȥ˵ʵղҪФĻǺˣټϸղŰװԪһͨѵǲ˵ġФôʱܶԷھ˲Сûв֣ǲͶԷ˺ˡղһ˲˵ĻȫǴԷȣҪһФ֪̩йֵϴ
벻һڶԷǰװƣͰ˼ҵĺ̨ϰǳˣФѣǱ˺óʱľһĻûǸӡгȻᣬ嶼öԷûа취Է鷳㲻ˣĶ۶ԷĻ룬ǿϵˡ
ԪֳһǳǿƵġ塱⣬һǳҪԭԺѧоһĻԺûκԥæЦԭг£ֳĲˣôܵ쵼أгȥɣǵһ˵ҪûʱĻ˵Ҳ١
һФԪһٰʮȵĴеκģ˵ڱɫԪֳǿС׼ˡԪⷬѾ˳Ծˣǵʱû꣬ͣԺ󣬼˵г㿴費ҪҰʲôæϾʱ䲻治̫ϤģҪҪĻֻܿڣһ
һԷı׵ͷתæ˶ԷĻͷ˵Ԫֳҵ²ѣФֳܰˣͲ鷳ˣҪҪĻһĴ绰ģɣǻȥ£ټ
˵⻰ԺФʹһɫһǰһǰȥǰĲԺһĶߴԪкгѽҪʲôµĻһҴ绰ǧѽ
һתŶԷ֣˼ԷĺˣعԺӴŲǰȥ
ԪŶԷҴ뿪Ӱһ⣬ҪľЧһĻһôҲ޷ˡ


һǧһʮ ܿ͸
һ˵Ժ󣬲һعͷФһۣȻ˵λͷ˾ѽҵ̩ԺһĶӣƨһѽ
Ф󣬺ǺһЦ˵ʱоأ˵ôôҲǴһɳģܵλ˵˼һееġг˵˼ҳϲϣô˵ʱҲö֮ٵĶˣڿȥ̩ٳϴ˭ֵ֪Ԫֳгֶͬ
Ҳоıܲǿô򵥡һ˵Ԫǿһ棬һ쵼ǱҲ󣬹ְֳλǳؼѽ
Фһ˵һ㲻ڿˣȻмƣǾȻؼҵʱúĥĥܸܲ⻰˼ҪߵøӳԶĻһҪ˼ĥ
һ֮뷨ϴѩޱ˵Ĺ־кܴϵڹ־֮ǰԪһǶòɿҪȻ˫֮ҲڷҪ㵽Ƶľء
Ȼ˵ĻԪһҪ֣ʱԪĿ˹ԣҲһ֮õ飬˫˵һļϣԵ˵ԪҲʧƫġ
һûеФѻ˵͸ϣԷȥĥĥͨղŵһĻһطڹϵͳһ֮Ĳࡣڶʱ֮ҪФȡԪ֮Ȼǲܵ飬ϣ˹÷ѩޱЩԪĵ̨ǳ顣
ͨǲǻᲨԪ˭Ҳ˵ûʲôµĻʧȥ˿ɽԪֳҲûʲôԣʱһҪʲôĻòҲʲô̫ѵ顣
Ԫ벻ǣղһĵװ֮Ϊյ³˻Ϊһ̿ʼһѾ˰Фλ뷨ֳֻһФλõĻȻûԪʲôˡĹоϻӿڳһеġ
һФѶԺ֣ͬɺ͸ղǰ۾ƵϡŲʱ͵һӴֱ壬۷ĹâȷϽ˾һФʱгФֳҽʲôҪǸһλɣ
⻰ԺһФһۣ˵ͬʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬ĵ׵һʯͷ˵أӴûκκ֮ˡϣһһ绰Կܣյ˻㱨Կ󣬳Ĭãֻ˵һ䣬г㿴ŰɣҲΪѣôô죬ֻǿලˣ˵⻰ԺԿܲһشֱӹҶ˵绰
һŻͲһȻؽ˻ϡ
ڶ죬лǿ㱻ӾӪ˻һȴкͽȥ֮ǰû֣ͬǩֻѺĿڹԺԴӲŵ˸߰ͷ­ôҲ벻һʱȻԼ֣֮ʵ겻ѣӦ˻ĹǾϻ֪ˣαص
֪ϢԺڶһİ칫ң˴ǰĿһлڶǡΪѵʱزʶĳгְлǿ֣ͬڶ֮ԷˣȻҪԷʾлԺڼǴȥˣ׼ȥϷ򹤡֮ǰľȵԡ֣뷨һ죬Զ硣
İ칫߳ȥԺһܲζŮ˲ûκι⵽֣ͬɵֺԺ׼ˣ֣̫ǶԲ˺Щ顣ʩܵ˳ͷ˵Ǵģֺȴò磬ʵ˾źʵһܹıġ
лǿ֣ͬɵ鵽Ǹһģ鲻Ҫһȥˡ˵ǰʱ䣬ѩޱ˵Ľ飬һФæͷ飬ٺúһ¡ЩФΪרҵûл
һҪæľǲɳŵˣҪоƸˣ̹һԽѡд걨˹һֱ˵˵ģָı뷨⣬пյʱúһڲɳĻ̵̻ģȻҪˣǾһҪʵһ㣬ȡЧɳô๤˿ɾôϹˡ
Ͳ̹õļƻξѡĸλֱɳܾܾͱܾ͸ܵıҪ֮ǰвְϵ쵼ְ񣬶ûҪи
һϵ걨ܾͱֻ걨ȴ걨ڿһǸظܵλáܾʵϾǲɳŵһ֣λò˭ģԼȻ˶ˡ
뷨ȥǶһ飬Ǿܾλֻһ걨ˣһ˵ѡһ˵θܵĿ൱ģһĻǾְλʵֻһ˾һλãеѶȿ֪
ʱǶֻԼ뷨ȥ˼⣬Ϊ޷죬ʵ©ٳԻһǶȥ˼ʱ׻óɹһܾ͸ܵ걨Ժ󣬲һ뷨
Ϊˣܿ͸һ㣬ھеģмܿ͸أ͸˵ĻǾͲôȥḱһְˡ


һǧһʮ ŲС
˵ûжעô˵飬ǡǡ෴ǳְλ⽫вְλóѡ⣬úһ²ɳŵı飬Щһ˼ҪȥһĻְλԵΪҪˡ
֮ԲעΪ˭Ҳ޷ͨһֽһ˵ĺûʱֳصעġ
һ磬һͺͲ̹šѩޱһˣǲ̹ŷֹܵģѩޱĴܼңҪΪ쵼÷ɳŵξѡص㹤֮һٽ°ʱԪһ绰ڶгһȥɳţһѱ֤ѡ˳С
ɳһ´֮ǰţȫǵ˸ǰѰ칫صֱӰ˹ĴӪȴɽأһ˴Ժֱɽضȥ
ɽί⿵سƿ֪һȻֶܻ˵˶ѲɳչȥٶһЩҲ֮Ȫ⣬һûаϵԷȫǸ˲ƨɵġ
ƿɽԺһ֮ϵ࣬Ҫԭ֮ǰĹҪΪ쵼Ϊ͵һִһصеһֱڱ߸ɱѧԲû̫ʱȥעȻ֮СԼ绰ʲôĻǲٵģҪƿһ̡һҲأֻҪ֪ģ˵֪޲ԣ޲
˲ɳŵܲԺߵ׼ѾòˣһжһյĸޣҲμܾľƸôһֱţȫĺ棬ڲһ·ˣһֱζԣһûᣬȻ
һ̹ŵϯ̨ԺⳡƸʽ˴Ļ̹Ϊ˵ʲãȽһ쵼Ȼϸ˾ƸȻǱزٵ쵼
ڲμӾƸȽ϶࣬ټϻ᳡ϵҲ٣Ҵ󲿷ֶһ߹ˣٻšӴֳ֣ġ̹ż򵥵˵Ժ󣬾ƸʼˡҺĳ棬˵ٶҲá
ѡЩ˶ֱ쵼ǣԵƸݽʼʱ򣬴ҷһͲ̹ŶһۣһĿЦ˵²ؼ߸߹¹ع˵棬˭Ҳⷢ޹صɧݽ
֮ǰͨһϵжҶݽشԸ׼öǳܾ֡ѡ˵ݽԺѾʮˣҲ˵һ˶ʮҵʱ䡣ǵķԺܾʣҪĻǾ޷ģܲôҶŶݽɣҲ̫һ㡣
ʶԺһæͲ̹Ŷ䣬һ¸˷Եʱ䣬뱣֤ʮһ֮ǰֳĻԺͶƱĵ֮ǰյĽȥ֮ǰƶõļƻҪǼٶȽȥĻǽһ޷ˡ
̹Ҳʶ⣬һֳϴ󣬶ԷڣǲŵģڶԷ˼ͺ˵ˡ̹һ˵ղλͬ־ķԺܾʣʱԳһ㣬ɣղžƸܾǸ˶ʮӣڵˣǽΪʮӣʱҪ۷֡
ĻԺֳһЦոշ˳ƪ۵ĺյĸܺոܶһ֮ɫȻеŪɳ׾ˣ˵ʱ޼յĽӲʲôӰ졣
̹ѾȷҪˣλӦƸܵ˲Ҵ⣬ϸչ涨ʱ졣һλֻҵʱ䣬̨Ժʱ仹磬ûڲѣѾˣ̨ܲȥɣֻϵùˡ
ӦƸݽԺ󣬾ֵˡ̹һֱûףһְλóӦƸԭ򣬵˼쵼ģ쵼ô˵ľô˵ԭģ֪֪ν
ϱľƸѡʱһֵ飬ΪһαֻжŴ׳һˡһȷҪҪѡ٣Ҳ֮УȶѡٵĻɱȷô󹦷أֱˡ
Ժ󣬲̹Ѻյĸ˹ԶԷ˵ѽʲôѽ֮ǰҲǾ͸߹ÿλıѡְλôֻһ˱ѽ
ʱɳܣ̹źλո֮ߵñȽϽԾֱˡ
⻰Ժ͵гҪҺҲǰҪȥġиԣǾǳŴ׳⣬ûԸⱨ˺ܳʱĹҾǲԸⱨҲǿ˼ң˵ǰɣ
̹⻰ԺǺ档ô˵СҲһвɲ˵ûκҲ˵ɳڵκ˶ԱѵҶвɲôð̹ﻮһʺš
ɳҵ˵ҵĸɲϸձڵļۣô˵һĹˡҪʵģ˹ʸ⣬ҲͼвְĸɲͬġôŻݵҾȻģаˣ
̹Լ˼еˣźʵŴ׳ǲԭıŲС
˵ⷬʱ򣬲̹ŵǳ϶ĻǰһĻ޷͡Ŵ׳һ֮ǰαţʹñ˲п֮ģѾҵĳ̶ȣʵ̫ˡ


һǧһʮ Ǹ˲
˵⻰һ˲䣬̹еһҪѱгоѡԭˣѽ˵⻰ʱܲһʵĸоôҪϢһֱû˵ʵе㲻ְѶԷƵܾλϵģһĻںúÿһأ
һ˵ĹιȻҪʵȴΪҪϵһ˵ƷʣǸǾԲܻġ
֪̹뷨Էϵɫԣ˵ɲǺ飬æ˵гŴ׳֮ǰǱȥҵǹ˾ģֱŹϰ࣬Ǹˡ֮ǰҲû뵽Ծͺӵˣ쵼
ţȫ·ڶԷȨĺüȻĹ֮вԹɫǿ̹ϵı鲻ƣͲµ˶Է뷨ǾֱӶ֢ҩˡ
⻰Ժ󣬲̹ɻ⻰ȥƺе㲻ף֪ǾԲƭġֻҪſһʣܸˣ˵ԷҲȫûƭıҪ
뵽Ժڳź˵ʲôֱ˵֮ûҪ˵һһ롣
̹ŵĻԺ֪ղǶĶˣ˼һż˵Ŵ׳ҲǺʱʱţܣŶţȫһְġһμ۲͵ʱ򣬴Ҷ˲پƣţţȫ˵һ䣬Ŵ׳ĳλ쵼ģλ쵼Ҽǲˣʱ˲پƣеԪ
˵Ժ󣬺ס죬˵Ѿܵλˣ˵ĻǷˡ
Ļò̹ųһ벻ΪһССıȻǳô鷳Ȼ˵ȥˣҲûջĵֻ֪ɽлƫɽˡԺ˵ЩûӰĻԺ˵ڲô㶼һѡ߳ʵڲеĻȥ
⻰Ժ󣬶ʱεˣڲ̹źͷСźţھƸܾһְʱ򣬶Էܰ˵仰ھƸûпʼԷѾȥˣҲе顣
Ժ󣬺æ˵гģһҪһ˳μӱľƸֻǶ˵Ҫǲǿʵġ
̹ŵȻ֪ѴŴ׳ȻԪˣȻûȥˣĻǵڸԼҲźĻ˵ұĲܣֻҪʱ̨ˣģ㿴Űɣ
̹ŵ⻰Ժ󣬲ŷæƨƨߵȥˡ
˺󣬲̹Ż˽һ飬֪˵ԭȵıӳԷҲͬμξƸͷһʯͷ˵ء
̹ſ˿̨µĹߴߴţŻͲ˵ֵǣҾһ潫ҪеǱľƸҲǼŷǳҪһԴ˷ǳӣгһͬ־ñ뵽˿̵ľƸУֳ쵼ڰĸ߶ӣϣμӾƸλͬ־ͣΪǲɳŵİԼһ
̹ŵһǿ˱һְҪԣһźۼһһƨνϵ֮Ҫ߶䣬ΪְλϾܾܾñȣȴ󶯸ɸóƸܵøһ˵ɣ
һ̹ŵĻԺﰵλһ˲ѽѹֵλųµʱص˸г
һҵǣʱûаƺͶԷӲƴĻƲ⵱ϸгϵίǵְλҲ̵ĻڻǸϲε鳤أ
̹˵ⷬԺ󣬼˵Ǿͽ뱣ְڣԭӵĶŴ׳ͬ־һӭ
˵⻰ԺͷơһֵʱĿע̨£ֳϡϡ⣬˵ϲ˲м飬Щ˵ͷСʲô߳Ͳָָ̹ġʶظоһ⣬ǽĿͶ䵽̹ŵϣԷһƽκһѵˣô£
һ˿뵽ĵȻжŴ׳ǲ̹ŵĹϵĻǵı־޷ˡһֱǲ̹æһϵδɣǱְλϣһԸ⿴ĽҪݺһ±飬ͷûкʵѡҪʱ̹˵ĻҲʡ顣
Ҫ˵̹һоЩˬĵطǾûк±ϾҸˣô˵֪һܿ԰ɣһССıѲһ᲻ӣڿ̹Σһߣһ²ؼ߸߹̬һǲˬδҲе̫쵼˰ɣﰵ
̹žһǶһĶһһԷ뷨Ҳܲ¸߲ˣơжŴ׳ģֱ컹ǵһμԷ棬̸Ͻǹϵģһ䣬ʱ˿˶ϯ̨ȷʵ̫ÿڣҲûбҪһʱһҸ˵ɡ
˻ɵʱ򣬶Ŵ׳Ѿл̨ˣȷʵǸɱĺòϣ߽һ׾ţԲһɫϽģ˲᲻Ὣ·ơ


һǧһʮ 쳣
һ˵ʱֻһĵײһʶĸоϸ˼һԺ־ͷȫӡɵðԳһһǽǰ˺͵ϳֹĳˣԲŻ뷨
Ŵ׳̨վԺһ˵λ쵼λͬ£ҶŴ׳ɳŵʱȻ֮ǰλйܳʱ䵣αľ飬ɹıӳҲģɺáллң
˵⻰Ժ̨¹ؾһȻֱ̨ȥˡ
Ŵ׳һûκ⣬ͣһĶﻹǷǳˬ֮ǰƸݽҪѾúˣصԾְλԺ׼οչǰ治ܾƸܾǸܾλͬ־ǰģʽеģְλȻû֮ǰЩλҪͿԲ
һǲˬ̹ǿһۣжŴ׳Ȼеѳ˼˵ʲôһôֳʣпܵľǲ̹ˡһһ۳оζ⣬Ҳϣ̹Ÿһ͵˼
֮ǰ̹žŴ׳һˣһֱûҵᣬڼһ⿴ˣȻ˷̹Űһһ㣬ڶԷĶߵ˵гҲǸո֪Ŵ׳Щͷ㿴
̹ûаѻ˵һɵϣ㵽㹻ˡ
һ֮ǰѾ϶Ŵ׳ǲ̹ŵĹϵԷһ˵ú֣ŶһʶԷ˵ȥ
̹ŵȻӣղ֮˵һһΪ˵һθڣĿѾﵽˣȻûбҪװˡǰ㣬ѹ˵Ժɳŵ˵Ŵ׳геϵûе飬Ҿûмʱ㱨г£
̹ŵĻǳһϣ벻жŴ׳ľȻôĿͷȻ̹˵ûеģһ֪ǾǳȻղûл㱨Ϊʲô˵أȻǶԷһдǶѡ
ֳ쵼˽֮ʣһƸ̨ǳϯ̨һȻ̨µĹǾһſ˵λ쵼λͬʣҽ棬ԭľ֮ǰĹУڱ˵ޣСĳ˲⣬˵֣ؿǣξƸĻᣬ쵼ͬ־ǵʱ䣬Ǹ
˵⻰Ժ̨ʱһֱ쵼͹ǾһȻʹͷ첽̨
һɵüͷԭıû˱ְλʵݳ̶ˣ£ȻѡеԭǱ۾Ҳó
ǸжŴ׳ģȻеֶΣҪ˵ûеĹϵĻֳ˭ŵġ
̹Ŵ˿Ҳһŭݣݺݵصվһߵĺһۣ˼ȷҵľƸѡⲻǰ˺æתͷӭŶԷĿ⿴ȥҪúýһ˼κβֻ̹ǿһԺ󣬾ͰĿתȥˣˡ
̹ŵ˼ԣôС¶㲻쵼ôأҶѾˣʲôҪأ
̹ŵﾡܲˬ˼㣬ȴãĻƸݽҪݱһ־ˣҪǳ־Ļһһúú˵˵ġ
ʶԺ󣬲̹ųŻͲŭ˵Ƹݽ־͵Ϊֹͬ־˵ǲܣ԰ѡƱϵѡ١ʺϵαĻͶһƱֻͶƱĽȷѡԲƽ⣬Ҳ쵼ǿӵҵͷϣҷġ
̹ŵǰ仰ΪάȶµĹأȫǣʱĲʹʩ仰֮ǰͺһõġһ˼ǼȻѡˣôҪعͶƱѡٵĽջǼ˵ĻʦڵظƸݽҲûбҪˡ쵼ľ帺ˣ̹ŵȻûֱӰĻȥִˡ
̹˵⻰Ժ󣬾ͽͶƱˣֳҳһࡣһ̹⿵ƿͬ£ȥ˲ɳŵܾ칫ҡ֮ǰţȫ֮Ȫ֧£ڲɳ˾˵һ죬´İ칫Ҹøûʣߵİ칫Ҳй֮޲
һڸߵƤɳϣǲ죬ţȫѾΪˣٺƽЩҲûκˡ칫ҵĹԱ쵼ϲԺ󣬾˳ȥ
һ̹š⿵ƿ˾ڰ칫ܸղŶŴ׳һԲ̹ŲЩ뵽ԷԪ̣һҲ׼Ͳֵ̹ļƽˡҲûг˽ûĹ£ּƽϵĻԵеСˡ
һԺѩޱƿŽˣ֮ǰиļԱΪͶƱġ
һʱ߹ȥе㲻ΪȻ쵼쵼ʲô¶±ع׵ĻǺͰԱҲûʲôˣֻ֮ͥ£Ҳö˵ʲôڼԷˣЦ˵ѩޱˣЩǸɾˣ㲻ʲô¶ʿѽ˵ǰɣ
һڳ쵼ĻȻصõ˵Ӧ
ѩޱ󣬺ǺһЦȻ󿪿˵лλ쵼ĹģѩޱæµڹҲΪϴ´гˣ˵йҪ㱨㿴


һǧһʮһ ʶ
һ΢΢һ벻ʱʲô飬˵ҲӦֱӴֻѽôͻȻ˹ġɻ󲻽֮ʣѩޱգգ۾һǶԷŹôһڡ֪˶ԷԺһûɣֱվѩޱȥ
һȴѧλ߽ܾԱߵСңҲ͸˽ȥ
ԺϣտҲӰҲûСѩޱЦŵôˣʲôˣ
ѩޱһһ˵һøղǸжŴ׳
⻰Ժһһ֮ǰоһ󣬽ͷȫӡžÿǴˣѩޱһʣ˼⡣˺һԺ󣬻Ǻ֮ǰһȫͷ
ŶԷε˵еʶĸоһ벻ĶôҲüˣ
Ҳȷϣһ¡ѩޱ˵ǲǵܰͺ˵Ǹˣ
£⻰ԺһһһŴ׳ʱֺϤĸоô붼벻ָܾһɴĸоģģĿѩޱһ仰ͱǲ㴰ֽʹص顣
ʱܰľǸķǳߴ󣬶Ŵ׳߽һ׾ţģټ֮ǰ̹ŻԪˣϢĻе˼
һ͵һ⣬ѩޱ˵עûУܰ˵һҪеĻǾͲˣҪûеĻֻǿչϵһˡȻĳƵϣǾ˵رϲģһ£ԲὫģĻʱͲȥˡ
ѩޱһĻԺ󣬿˵ҲôģԽղѡƱĿյϸ۲һڲֻЫӵǰצŦۺܽϸĻܹóˡ
һȫѩޱԭˣһֱǿ׷Ѱģ̤Ьٴȫѹѽ漴Ѳ̹ŸϢתѩޱѩޱŭݣϢټղ˽⵽ζʲôˡ
һæ˵²ܼҳƸְλ˵Ѿ϶¹ȥˣˣֻҪǲ̫ǿҵķӦǲģһҪס
һ˵⻰ѩޱǳղҲôģԺʲôҲûֱܾܵһˡԴϴΰѱĶԷԺѡһڼȻǼصˣȻڵһʱһȻپһĶ
ڸôأѩޱһʵ
ڷֶŴ׳пܾǰܹܰĴͽʱѩޱҼˣ뵽һʱ㰲ͶƱֳתһȦԺ˸һˣΨԷհˡ
һ˼˵ĿǰҲֻǻɣûʮİգ˭ҲûмˣҪܰͺˣ
Ҫȥɽӡ˵ʱѩޱԼͣס˻ͷȥӹܰٵһһصػƸͳˣҲͽˣĶȥŴ״ѽ
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ѩޱһһ˵ΪȻص˵ͷȷʵô¡ڵҰеʱ䣬ؼһʱҪŶԷʱĶһèҲˣǿ˭Ҳûа취顣
еĹؽԺѩޱҲżˣصȴһľϡһ˲䣬˾Ĺǣô˵ô졣ⲻäӣǶԷȷʵΪܵ˿ѩޱԺһƬ磬֪Ǻá
һһԺ󣬶ѩޱ˵ȥѵ̨Ǹҵ˵
ѩޱȻһôĿģѸٵصͷת׼ˡһ͵ʲôƵģæкѩޱһ£ɣֱȥ˵
ѩޱ÷ǳ棬´еϸڣһĻԺʵҪǶԷΪʲôôҸô˵أ
һǺһЦ˵ɵѽ˼ҲһôʣʵĻһҪڰ칫ﲻǾ˵һ仰쵼ģҲ֪ΪʲôҪ쵼ȥ
ѩޱ⻰Ժߵͨ죬˵˭ڰ칫˵ģᣡ
˵ԺźͨͨգͷҲصȥһԷı֣룬ǷѽҺҲû˵ʲôѽŮѽʱôĪ
һصܾԺ⿵ڸ̹ž̡Ժ⿵һ˵֪ǺãѾݵ̹ˣʱҪһٰʮȵĴת䣬پһĻȻ̫ʡҪֱӷ̹ŵĻȻҲ̫ʣһǳгڳ˵ʵʵڵϴ
⿵Ϊ֮ʣ̹վȥӹ⿵ݹ̣漴תȥݸһЦǺǵ˵һг̣


һǧһʮ һ
̹ŵ֮ΣһȻĺ⣬ӹ˵лл֮ǰõ׼ƿ˻ǰһһ˻Ȼ̹ŵ㣬⿵Լġ
ȻղһĻֻ΢СĶȴɴ˿Կ̹ŵΪˣò˵ʵڵдһԲ¹ʣǳĽһ˾Բᴦϵġ
һᣬŽˣͶƱѾˣ쵼ǹȥġ֮ǰŴ׳飬еûףᣬæȲܹ뿴쵼ǵ̬ȣȻĵĻǲ̹ŵ̬ȣش
̹ŵϺǲõʱ򣬺񸣲ˣһֳߵ쵼ͶԷûκνӣ̹žڶԷˣ֪
һѲ̹źͺ񸣵ıֿȻôˡ̹һӣɳȻʰо֣չʲôĻ̲̹ţûôľȥЩ£һĻ˿̸ԷӾԵΪҪˡ
һź˵ʱڲгѽŬ
벻гȻ˵һǶ֪οˡ
̹ŵȻһڸأǳź˵ллгԺϸһ㣬Ҫȵˣڣʱ򣬻ʲôأ
⻰ԺǣȻһ˵ллгллг
ܱϿȥһϻ̳Ͽֵģʮа˾ųˡЩڹеĿڱǺܲģţȫ֮һֱܾΪһף˾ûκκ֮ǵȥ֮ǰĵǣ̹Ϊ֮ǰģĻȫƱʲôá¿ûк֮ˣеС쵼ؽˡ
½᳡ϯ̨Ժ󣬺񸣱֮ǰƸľ͸̨ΪεĵȻĪˣ֮ǰѾȷʾƸˣȴٴ̨ˣᣬͷ̫˼̧
ʵûаϵһֱûб룬ҡǸŴ׳Ѿȷųˣ˭Һְλг⻹ΪĵģһݣŴ׳˵⻰ʱϵı޲ð˸̻ˡ˭ԸΪ˱ԼҲڣڡ
֮ǰҵμӱľƸжŴ׳ųĺݻǣ浱Ȼͬˡȴ˵ֻǱӦѡѾöˡ
Էһ˵Ҳ̫˼ܾˣϾҪڶԷ»췹ԣǾΪѵشӦ˭֪ϣŴ׳ͻȻҵξƸĻҪÿ
˵⻰ʱһϵϻƣ浱ʱŻˡ˵ҲһֱɱһУǾѵԺϸڵģͶŴ׳ֽͷûпɱԡ
Ѻǰ󾭹˵˳Ŵ׳ƺô̫ˣҪ˳ľƸĻһҪԷÿһղ̨һ
ݹȥͺ񸣻ûаϵ̹ŲЩֻ֪ԷСҲûаףȻܲˡһĵԺҲûкͺ񸣹ּƽϵ˼ˡ
̨ǰվԺ󣬲̹ŷһĽȻǼա񡣲ɳ̩ҲŵĴҵ֮һˣ֮ȪţȫԺ־ƸʽŹ˾쵼Ա˵ȷʵһС飬ý嵱ȻҪгֵıͬʱҲһӰ졢ҵĺûᡣ
ɳ߶ỹǷǳӵģС̨ļ϶˲СЩǹΪѡһõǶȣ̨ǰ߶ѡ
Ŵ׳˿̵ܺãɵĶһЩ˵벻Ҳлվ£ϰȻ˵㻰ʱԷ˵Ǽһһģˡ
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ƸԺһǿ˼㣬Ƹˡ֮ǰ̹ǿһ䣬Ǿĵ׼ʱƸڹ⣬ԶŵʽɳС鳤ֻϣʱ໥ת档
Ժڲɳŵ쵼ûвһ˲ù˵쵼εġ⿵ƿ뵽һ㣬ίд緹
һͷ˶˳дȥĹԱֻܶԸзˣΪǱ߻žƸأ
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ƸĽҾͳһİ칫ϣӦ˵Чȷʵܸߡ


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֮ǰѾ߹һԷ·ˣ졢Ԫ֮䱾ͲԸټϽھƸʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ǸСѱһʲô뷨
ᣬҲѻһˣʶԷû뷨ɶҺˣƵⶥñ£˭˵֣
һȻײ̹Ż˼˿д㡣Ƕϵκһ˶ûйϵΨһܶľŴ׳ɲΪС£öԷоԾǳϣԷĵһĻԷĿ֮ˣҪĻ˵練ơ
˿̣һ벻ͨһڣܹ־ŮŴ׳ģԪôͬʱƸġͶʯ·һе²͸Էһе⡣
һ˲̹һۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵гҿ¾ɣȻ֮ǰѾ˵عͶƱĽھͲҪʲôı˰ɣأ
Угġ̹˵ڲɳŵİȻˣгɲܾʹ˷βѽĻеûѽҪˣ鷳㣬ԲŰѰѹأ㿴
һ뵽ԷһΪ֪˶Ŵ׳飬еûףŻ˵һġԪ֮ǰһ˵ľһֹܲɳţֻ̹Ų֪ˡȻڶԷ˵⻰Ҳֵ˳ˮģˬشӦ
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ϣһѩޱһϵ˶־ϼҡ֮ǰѩޱѾ͹÷ϵˣȥֻⶣʱҪϢ߹ֹܰѹʱ򷴶ӰϵЧ
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ڿԺѩޱԽĹܰ˵ܰŵƬ˿ֳܺµʱ򣬰еϵһúÿһȡǸҳòã
С⻰Ժæص˵ͷһֱ׵뿪ܵľѹܴѾСˣ֪֮ڸٹ·ڴͻȻתͷȫΪ£ͷѹ֪͵ĸ˵ǼæŰѩޱñʼǱԣͨԴˡ
ҹæµľһѩޱأԪҲûš
ʱ򣬵̹ŷŵϵĲɳ½ܾܺͱʱǺһᡣĲ̹żе㲻ˡ֮ǰһ벻Ԫܼ򵥣ˣ㻹ǳϰտг˵Ĺҧʶˡ
ʶʱ򣬲̹Ųˣһ˵г㿴ûʲô⣬ҪеĻȥ
̹⻰ɾеĳɷˣʵе㿴ԪװƵļƣ̲סԴ˶Էһ䣬˵⻰Ҳûκ⡣гȻϿģֻȥˡ
ԪȻó̹Ż˼Ц˵гᣬҵǶʲôֻǾְλе֣ǵʱôģ
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̹⻰Ժ󣬲֪ԼԷˣԭ˼гǰװƣǶԽнƸе㲻̫ףԲŻиղŵı֡
ԭίԺ󣬲̹ſ˵гҪг˼Ȼڴ֮ǰҲҽ˹ͨôţҪΪɳǱߵıȽϻңԱʲβ룬úһ£Ծͽ˳
ԪⷬԺװһȻӣ˵úܶԡ˵⻰Ժ͵ʲôƵģʵѽôģԼָģ
гҪҺгûо֣Ĺǲɳŵͬ־Լġ̹ŲʧʱظԪһƨȻίǵˣΪһǳίĸг˭ԸֱӺгΪУܸԷӵĻᣬһܷŹ
Ԫ̹ŵĻʶص˵ͷֺͶԷ䣬Ƿǩʹ򷢶Է뿪ˡ
Ȳ̹ߺԪ˳˼һۿǸֵʱһһôͻȻ˲ɳŵıأԼҪͷ˹ף


һǧһʮ ˣ
ǼһֱԪһĲ֮ŵԺĵ͵ò˵ºͺܴϵǼ鱬ĻҪ˵гͨϰյĻᶼûˣɲȥӡԴӹ־ԺѾİ࣬Ҫ˵֮ǵĻҪϣһǻֵֽܽһжŴ׳ġ
ǽֵ飬ͺܶϰ֮һ˶ԷˣٺΪϲɣֿ˹˾һСʹ֮䳹ַˡ˭֪Ů˺Щͷԣ˹ϵõʱ˺֣Ԫ˻ϻĵݸõˡ
ԴΪвδԺͺ͵ʱĳг־ȡϵ׼Χκ֮Ԫƽ־ͷ˭֪ʱǹ־ԪΪҵʱ򣬹־Ԫѡ
ڸͨ뺵ʱ⵱й¶ϢԪ֪ԺֻˣöŴ׳˰˹־Ůʱɲɵ鷢ˣ־ĳڸڴͷʱ򣬱ɽزɳ˾һײˣҲһغˡĻԪԸ⿴ģʱǸ˹һΪү
ݵϲԺʶһͷ۵⣬ˣܵλϼңӰֱ죬Ů˾ĶԪͽֵﻹһҲûС
Ϊ飬ֶ̩ˣ˵Ԫ˺صҩͷ⿿һԪ㳡ԶԶûʵ󻯣Ϊ˰ȫѡ˻صϺʡǸŮҵȷϰٷ֮ûˣٹ
ֵ뿪ҲȥԪһĲٲҪĶԷǱй¶ʲôϢˡ˵ŮˣһֱûзѰң˾źǣѶ
⣬һԪʡģǾжŴ׳ġʱежŴ׳ȥģҲ˵⣬˲֪ܵǸŮݣͬҲ֪Ļʹߵݡ
ոճԺҵŴ׳ԺԶ߸߷ɣԶҲҪٻ̩ˡԷȻҲԣһڴӦԷĳȥһʱԺԪ־ˡ
Ŵ׳ʲôУԪˣöԷ̩ܹܵסһ㣬ҪƯţָͳˡҪǽԺĻ˭Ҳ׼Ϊȡˡ֮ǰǼ鶶¶ùĻԪһһ׶ûУԤû취
еϵԺԪˣͶŴ׳ϵ䲻ҪԶȷԺٻص̩ʱĵ绰Ŵ׳ˣ̩ѾöˣҲԸƯԪԺ󣬵ȻȻͬˡ־ȥԺ󣬴ѾˣԪͶŴ׳ȡϵص̩С˵ԷԺΰõ⣬ԪѾǺˡ׻˵УԪý㻹ڴ˻ϻΣյĵطȫģĻ˫ˣԲˡ
ԪطɽصĲɳ˾ΪʲôأöŴ׳֣߳һ֮˸һĻǱ˻ôأΣɽ˵һξ룬ҲƤ£ҪǶԷһʲô紵ݶģҲܼʱա
˵ΪʲôҪԷڲɳأ͸ýˡԪ־˵ĿǰΪֹѾǽˣļһ룬ıίѩޱһ뷽跨ȥ֮صϢ
ҪѩޱĻҪҪҵľɽزɳ˾Ͼײ־Ǹù˾Ԫ֪뵽ѩޱһ뵽ʱ㹻Էȥɳ˾ˣյĽ˵һһ£ڵĲɳ˾ȫģѶŴ׳ŵǶȥԲκ⡣
⣬ɣʹ׼˲ɳ˾һ֮ȪȻ̩егˣɽزɳ˾ʵϻ֮УԷнΪмλ˼һĻͶԷкĻûκ⣻Ԫ֪ɳŵıвϵԱöŴ׳ǵĵб¶Ŀ΢΢
ôɣԪȻԥˣ֮ȪһкԺ󣬶Ŵ׳ͳɽزɳűһԱˡ֮Ȫ鷢ԺԪûκκ֮ˣΨһ֪߶Ѿ뿪ˣʲôõĵأֻҪ˵Ŵ׳˵ʣľ֪֪֪ˣλ˵ĻҲûǹܡ
Ԫһжķչʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ȴͻȻ˲ɳŵıܲ䵱֪ھƸķΧھȻһ˼е޴ˡղŲ̹Ż˼ƺǶŴ׳ԼһһĻ̫ǲΪʲôԲŹöŴ׳ģԪ
һ̩еʱ򣬾ȥ˹־ޡŮҺѩޱ֮һֱߵúܽǰʱϵĴš˵֤ʵʡĶӱģҪ֮ߵñȽϽҲᴫôֺ
뵽ʱԪǣҪһĵ飬鷳ɾʹˣԶȹ־Ҫͷۡ⵹˵һȹ־˼ʡпɽԼڼ˵֣ʡƶĻԪ˵ˡ


һǧһʮ ϰٻ
ԪԽԽʱ̩治̫ƽʡɽƴԺ󣬲ŹӲ죬˭֪ӲĹУ֮ȪǻѬģ¹ʣŶԷظѡɱٵڶŴ׳顣ԪоһеıһεĴƶһУĿƺΪ˳
ÿ뵽ʱʶԼǲ̫ˣе鶼յһһֻɺϰˡˣﻹǾĪĲζŴ׳쳣ٶ궯
һ˼ԺԪóڳǲ˽ֻһԺ˷ͼ绰ͨԺֻ˵һ仰ңϰ˵㣬ϵط㡣绰ͷմһţҶ˵绰
Ŵ׳˿վھƸǰȻʶֲ࣬Ŵ׳ͱ⼸ܹʶģֺأͻȻӵϰĵ绰ϲϼϲ齻ȥ⣬ϰٴ绰ȴͻȻ绰Լ棬ʮа˾źйϵŴ׳뵽ʱϵЦݸˡ
µһûϰϴθϢ˼Լһ߶Ժ󣬲ܸõذϰ£׼νˡ뵽ʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ֱֲ֧ĸо
ܰѩޱĻԺ󣬿¼ʱǳ棬һһϸ۲캢ϵı顣Ŵ׳̨ϵʱüͷʶһ漴ͷȥֻŶԷһ֪СѾͷϵء֮ǰתڶǸļر̣һҲǸȷһԼжϡ
ܰıԺһеˣĻжŴ׳ļһһͰǼйأСﲻһġӻûѧ˵һףʲô뷨һ۾ܿ
ѩޱ˿Ҳʶ㣬̧ͷһ߿һۣԷ˵ͷԺḧһСͷߵ˵ܰ滹ͷأһҪ׼ˣıϺҪ˵ʱڹܰļ£еĹذԱ
СѩޱĻԺ̧ͷһۣȻ˵Сãİɣܰʧġ
ӵĻԺ󣬹÷ѩޱͷһᣬǿţûԴӹ־뿪Ժ󣬺ͷܵĶʵ̫ˣڿһ˿ϣ֪
ͶƱԺ󣬶Ŵ׳ٴ̨ʱ򣬹ܰ͵ؿ˵ƵľֻҪһͻԵøۣǿ
ѩޱںӿ˵ĵڱѸͣửϳֵǶŴ׳һ߼ľͷ濴ܰ˵ĸоڳ˶һһѩޱ֮ǰǻе㵣æˮһաܰĻԺٿԿ϶ǵķûд㹻ˡ
һСŭı飬͵һ⣬æ˵ܰǴǵ飬Һ衢СûȥڵǸѧϰҲְϣģ֪𣿡
һĻԺ󣬹÷ѩޱŻعæȰοС
һŵĻ϶Ŵ׳צƣﰵ·㲻ߣŴѽȻðͷˣҾû뿪ĵ뵽Ժһóֻߵһ߸Фһ绰شһ绰Фɽعϵ˶סжŴ׳ġ
ФȻû飬һڴӦ
һ׼ҵ绰͵ʲôƵģ˵ˣ㻹ֱ˹ȥɣپͳһ㣬ԷʱӦòʲôһҪסŵùˣͬСɣٺϸ˵
Ф⻰Ժʶԣ˵У֪ˣȥţİɣԲ©һŷҶϵ绰Ժߵ÷ѩޱߣФϵǹɩˡ󣬺Ǹж÷лѩޱҲһͷ⡣
Ŵ׳ٽʱͼʻű˳µɣȥ̩һ̿ʼǱľˣɣȻҲȻسݡ
һ·ϣŴ׳ˬڿĹУСʱʱػ쵽һװƵ˼ļƣ·ĸһɣɣǱһ㡣ڴ˹УһᵽԺǲȥһ䷿ϰĹԺôˣ˭Ըٸϻɽ
ʱ䣬һֱɽ棬˵ϴԡҲЩŮˣҲûչǵ⣬ϾһΣȻϰǵģûɲúһ
Ŵ׳̩˼ҿ÷Ժ󣬾ȥԷˡ֮ѡ⿪һΪĵβȲϺ̩Ҷ̩ѾŵϺŵˣΪ飬Ŀ˵Ҫһ㣬ԸΪȫһ㡣
극Ժڷ濴һӣʱˣ׼ˡ
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һǧһʮ һƸ
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ʶԺ󣬶Ŵ׳ƨײ˵һѸٴվһ˵ϰ壬ҡûʲôѽ
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Ŵ׳Է֮омвĳɷ֣ǲˬǿ˵㲻ûµʱ򣬲Ҫ绰˵ʲôĻϵġ
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Ŵ׳ѾϰƺǲĶ˵֣æͷӦ
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Ŵ׳⻰ԺӦһæڶ
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ԪѲ豭Ժ󣬵һ̸֧Ŵ׳Ȼſ˵׳ѽҿǴ˰ɣڶǶԣȫǵһλģȹ꣬ҪԸ⣬ұ֤ϲɳŵĸܹܣڻͷ¶ʱ㿴ô
Ŵ׳Ԫǵǵ̵ԭԭΪְλҪǱҲԷˣǿ϶С


һǧһʮ ҲܴӦ
Ԫ˵ǸȹܵĻԾǺơξƸҪдúҪ뾺Ƹܾ͸ܱԭвְϵĸɲлᣬ˺ü˲ŸʲôвְڶԷȻ˵ʱֱθܣⲻǺʲô
Ԫһ֮ƾЩٵ˽⣬ԷԲΪȥðƻϷķյġ
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һǧһʮ ֽƻ
绰ԺһüͷղФڵ绰Ѿҵ˶Ŵ׳סأûڼң޷ȥ鿴Ĺ۲죬ڼҵӣڴ绰Ŀľʾһô졣
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һ֪棬ФȻʲôҲû˵ȴʼм֮ġʶΪԼѾ۰ӺΪ˸Ǽ飬ƫƫһֱڶͻƣĸ֪ܿ
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һҲ֪ĿԼпǶԷȥĶˣʲô޷ǾǶǮŮ֮ģĻɫҲʲôߵİóҪĻûκ⣬Ҳ죬ֻ̩һĶֵϾûʲôõĵġ
ڣһĵľΪԪľֱӰѶŴ׳ˡҪĻɾͷѾˣԷڶʱ֮ڵĻǾԲܻġ
Ŵ׳˵Ļ֧֣ҲþܰԪôЩʲôģȫҳ߰ʮֺ޹صɳǲܽ㶨˵ѽ
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һӵ绰ʱ̣ܶһߵѩޱûȫԷҶϵ绰Ժı֣֪һǳˣһһʵһôˣǲʲô鷳ˣ
һ˵ģԷǹе˫ʵڲƭԷ˵ʧıдϣҪƭѩޱҲһ׵顣Ժ󣬻ǰѸղФڵ绰˵ݸһ顣
ѩޱ룬˵ڳʲôɣǰʱûо˵˿ӦûڻñϲУӦò뵽ɣ
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Բѽе㡭һΪԼղŵĶԷǸ
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׼ȻϨˣɣػ˳ȥһŻͣһṦ򣬳پˣҹɫɿʻȥȥɽصʱ˳־ؿʱͷȴѹһʯͷһ㣬ǲˬһжһ˵ʧйϵ⾿ֻɺϣζŶԷѾжˣ˲֪һҲûС
쾿أ˭Ҳ֪


һǧһʮ ԩ·խ
Ժһѳٷȫһκʱ򶼲ܷɵҡ̩ʻʱǱƳһۡǰʱʡýԺʱ̩еǰʱתܺһԤڻкܴĲܹ࣬һ飬ڳﻮǲͨһӰȽϴĵĿһ٣ȡʡڴ֪ȣ
һ֮ʣͻȻѩޱĵһ㿴ˣǶŴ׳Ԫ
⻰Ժһæ˳ѩޱָķȥȻԪ׼ϳŴ׳򹧾ؿһߣƺΪԷ򿪳ŵģԪûиᣬֻεվһߡ
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ԶԺһ˳ӣȻѸٵصתͷԭ·ʻȥ
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뵽ʱһԥˣһߵѩޱ˵Фֳǵľλúͳƺ룬˸Ϲ
ѩޱ⻰Ժһ˼绰͸Ф˹ȥ
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ѩޱ龰ʵ⵽ȥĶѽФֳأ
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ѩޱ⻰Ժûن£ֱӰһĻתһ顣֪Фڵ绰˵һʲôѩޱùһֻȻ˵˵׼ˣ㰴նԷ˵ģһ绰룬Ȼо˵ĵ绰
Ժѩޱ˵УĳĻٺϵ˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
ѩޱʱʱȥڵλãλԺ󣬿˵ףȥĶѽ
һ˵Ҳ֪ղֱӹ·ģ׼ܰɣ㿴ʲôطܽסģǰͬ־绰˵ʲôˣ
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ѩޱ侲˵·ͨģܶǰɵʡ޺Ժ·ŷˡҪߵĻûҪ·ѽеԶ˼ѽ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣ȷʵе㲻ϳѽѩޱ˵ģҪߵĻҲʡѽôߵСأһ̫Ĺ··һ㣬ʱʱҲгӾʡϵæµͬնߵĻؼٶȣû·˷ʱѽ
뵽Ժһ͵һ⣬ʵ·ǲǻͨĵط罭ʲôģ
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ѩޱ֮ǰ˵һ㣬һڶŴ׳ĺһֱʻȥ
Ժڳһ΢һ㣬¶ԷǵƤӵߣĻɾͲٵˡҪԪĻһԲҶôΪԷиɣɱȽϤԸŴ׳ûҪôСģ֪ôࡣ


һǧһٰʮ 
һеɻ󲻽⣬Ŵ׳հѳ̩ͣ˼ҴƵͣ˴ӳԺֱӽ˴ã˺ûٳһֻǰѳͣ⣬¸ȥԺŴ׳ĻɣԷ䲻ʶȴʶѩޱˣڲɳŵľƸϴ棬ô˵ġ
һᣬŴ׳ûٳһֻФһ绰֪ԷһҾҪ˵̩˼ſڵȣФҪ̫Ķ˹ˡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһѳŵѩޱҲⱻ˿Ļɾ鷳ˡһ£һǳгһиΣô˲ؼҴڳ˼뵽һǼ顣
˽ҳĳ֣ԽԽϲҴ̼õѡˣȲעĿԻȽʣѳ˴ҵĹʶֻµʱ򣬴ϲһȽƧĵطͺ͵һŷͨ·һǽڴƵſڵȷʵټҲųЩԽҪǷ룬Ҳûе
ƽʱڳﵹԵþжƽǲĿúܽһ͸·ؿѩޱǰķͣò˵˿̣ע⵽ѩޱ֪ʲôѾСĿӽ⿪ˣԲɽڳӳԵøۣһ˿̵ĽǶȡ
ղڿҵʱһһҲûע⵽ͷŵǸʱŸоĳЩԽԽǿˡʱûлӦ죬ûͷŵĻᣬ˿һܵĴ̼ǿҵķӦο̼ǿҡ
֮ǰѩޱ˿ûиоڳʲôףֱһŸоӿ졣ȻʲôҲûͷȴĪزһĸоڳʲô˵Ƶġ
ѩޱʱ򣬶͵ĳ˼ٵĺԷĿǷزϣپ֮С붼û룬ֱӿ˵㿴ʲôأ
һ˿ھرԸеĴ⣬ͻȻ˶ԷĽҲмڨڨ֮ɫǱԷ׽һУĻȻǲܵ飬Ժһģ֪߳ܵ˵ҵ۾ԸĶĶܲţ˵˭ǶͦôߵģôۣҵȻҪʲôˣ
㣬㣬㻹쵼أʲô˵óڣǲ֪ߣѩޱ˵
쵼ôˣ쵼Ҳѽһĵһߵˣǿʶ
ѩޱ⻰ԺʶԷĳλȥ˶ǸλԵΪͻԵ¡ԺѩޱȻ٣ֲ֪ӦԵĸомֵģԷҪʲôĶĻô죬УĬĬܣַ񶼲̫õѡ񣬵ʲôѡأܲϰɣ
뵽ʱѩޱ޲øԼĶ⣬Ǹ㲻ôͻȻð뷨ġֹһεʹԼԶԷһʲôУѵֻ¼Ȼǣɾʲôأָ𰸡
һԸоѩޱüˣͷͻȻһȣһץסԷĽ֣ѩޱ
ѩޱ˿̽ŵ˼㣬ԷȻղȡжڱеҪһ㣬ֻץס֣ǸղŶԷеͦôߵĵط˿̸оΪοĵطɣ
ѩޱ뷨ȻǴˣĳ˼ȻȡжˣǾͲɲֻСô򵥣ֲ׶԰СѹҼҡĳ˲ǲֱȥʵڲ㣬ŶԷȻ㡣һ˿ᵽ첲⻰Ϊ첲գáֵĻǵǷ㣬ؼֵĳƺԵĿĵء
Դֻ辶ˡ
һĻѩޱʶʲô쵼Ҳˡ֮ʣԷѾץղע⵽¡Ĳλȥˡһ֮ѡҪΪԼڿƣֻҪŲһŲöԷԽֱӽӴĿˡ
ѩޱ˿ѾӲˣоֽӴһ̵ڣܸ㣬ָоȻǳǿҡѾǲϴνӴʲôʱ򣬲òǰҲûôôӲѽ
ŶԷеԷɿԺ޲Ȼ֮ǰĶ
һ˿̵ĸоֻòΪ˵ҲһˣԺһĻʱȻˬ첻ѡȻöԷСֺúõΪһ£뻹ǷǸͷһԷ߻ʲô˦ֲˣҪ˸Լ˵Ҫ֪㣬Ϊ֪֣ܳ
ĻԺѩޱڻˣʶҪ
һ˿̳˾⣬ǹ۲ԷıˡȻĲܣΪֳܵһЩעעѩޱʶԷҪֵʱæһץסԷۣ˵ңòϲµģ
ѩޱǹˣȻ֪£ҪٱȥĻ岻˵һֻڶԷǣ£ư͵ظ֮ǰ顣
ĳǼԷͬˣ˵¤֮⣬ٵؽ⿪ƤĳλųȻ󽫶Էַ涯
ѩޱ˿̴һƬհף۾С¶Ҳ֪˶ãоزһֻžǶߴصĺٺһͺ֪ڽԺæֿ˻


һǧһٰʮһ 
һ¿㣬ֽæҵز֮ʣͻȻһǿҵĳ˹æ򶨵̧ͷ͸ĳȥ֮ʣԷҲʶʲôæԶ˽⣬ˣһûп˭һԿ϶ǶŴ׳ĳĳǺɫģȷʵɣɡ
ѩޱ˿Ѿ˲ϸղŵĺˣһĶߵ˵˭ѽǲǱ˼ҿˣ
ŮС˲ʱ򣬸ˣѩޱҲ⡣
һ⻰ԺתͷѩޱһۣȻߵ˵û£ӦФĳҼǹкų̈ĳе˼ѽһ㣬ʲôһ۹úܣ
ѩޱ⻰Ժɫ죬˵ǹ㣬
һ˵ʲôò˼˵һûȷʵȷʵåģ뵽ʱֻаͽˡ
ơƣ˶֮ʣͻȻûһ״æҡ˳ûڣФʵʲôأҶ˰쳵ˣôһ㷴ӦҲûУ
£һһﰵ㲻֪Ǹʲôɣ
ţȴ˵ûѽղӷģ׼ţ͹ˣ
ŶФŶһûϼȥͨѩޱ˿̵ı֣Ѿоһʲôֻȷϣ˵ҲҪسȷġ
ĺţѸ˳Ժ󣬿ʵʲô
⻰˶һѩޱղФʻʱ޲һطȥԷתƿ˻⣬Ĳ·˻ȥǻģͷڵţФӦÿġ
һ漴Ŵ׳ФתֻûᵽԪôΪ˿ФڴСû˵࣬ҪһʱͶԷϸ˵һ˵˵ġ
˼˵Ŵ׳˿̩˼棬ݣȻλ쵼Ϊվڣ̫ˣФΪһѩޱ˲ƽ⻰һڣ;еˣϾŮʿڳأһһŮ
ʶ˵ˣһڣФȣص˵ôأ
ɾְΧڵ飬ܲ쵼취ɣĻ׿ɱȶŴ׳󡣡һղűԷˣлᣬȻҪȥ
Ф⻰Ժ֪Էڽⷢӣ룬˵һ˵֣˴ﰵԹǶ˼ĻԷ˵Ļȷʵû˼һ绰һ绰ɽظϹǴµĻҪа취ĻҪأ
ʶԺФ˼
˺һһ˵һ
һ˵ҲУòҪȥøһͬ־ȥһʲô©Ļֳĳ滹һء
ФһƿŸ׼ȥ
һͻȻ˵ȵȣùȥͬ־˵Ͷʵϰ壬Ϊ˷ֹ⣬˽һ
⻰ԺФǺһЦ漴˵ˣȹȥ
Ф³Ժѩޱɫų׻ָ΢΢̧ͷ㷢쳣æ˵ĿûŪãһ£
⻰ԺһһæͷȻĴŻûйرգΪڳԵʵҲûдĿģֻҪĿĻܿóġһ̧ͷѩޱǺһЦͷ
ѩޱ״ŶԷŭ㣬Ҳ֪ղФֳûпˣ
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鱾ѾָƽˣᱻԷһ˵еĸоˣæֹԷ˵ȥ
Фܸоһϵеȥ̩˼ҲʵʱûٹǸԺٹ㱨һѩޱ󶨣Ͼ˼˵飬˶е㲻̫ˡ
˴ԼʮңФɳȥ˻صϣһṦԺФ˹һѾ˶Ŵ׳סķţ߾Ƕˣһѩޱߡ
һ˶Է䣬˻뿪̩˼ҵſڡ⣬עĿټϸղźѩޱ£һҲԸФĻԺݳ뿪ˡ
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ѩޱĲɡ˼֮ʣһѾѳ¥¡ԷڳϺ޷ӦкһȻ˵ǲ׼ؼң׼ȥôľô˵Ҳġ
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һǧһٰʮ 
һѩޱ¥ݿȥĶ֣ȻԷ״ƾԶԷ˽ȴԽԽŤԷӰʧԺͷﻹ˼⣬ȴʼղ²͸ʲôطԾ
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¥ݿԺѩޱһϢԺ󣬲¥ȥ
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һе֮ʣˣѩޱӰ˴ڣ漴ƿ˴һ˸ݰݵơһ״ǺһЦŶԷһǡѩޱһʱߵͨ죬룬Ǵ󷽵ػһܵ鶼Ѿˣںͨݵһ
һ벻Է˴󷽣Ȼһǣһؼݳ뿪ˡǲȥֱӽԷ͵¶ýһѭ򽥽Ḷ́пܳ򲻴ڲ˵ļԲȶ
ѩޱԷĳ뿪ˣųһ¥ϵʱ뵽ǻؼԺһ飬ȥϴһ£Ȼڿ㣬ĸо̫ˡƿԺʹǼ䲻ס˵ȥ򿪵ƵһɲúͶԷк׼ˡ
ڵԷ뿪ԺŻعæȥһ£ȥڳϴӵʱϻȺģΪղ·ʱŷǶжأ궯ҹѩޱòʪˡ
һصԺҲһ裬Ժÿ϶Ҫϴ˯ȻֻǽڶԷС֣ôҲǷйһо˲١
˵ͺˮ۵ˮһ̫˾Ҫ뷽跨ųһ֣Ļ˶쳣ܣͬĵҪŵ̫ݵĻˮûˮˣ˿ȥ˪һ㣬ˣ
ڵõʵŷţһ˿̵״̬ѣȻʱѾˣǾϷ˯
ڶٽʱһӵФĵ绰ԷŴ׳ʮ˵ķȻֱӻص˹˾ϰ࣬κҪ뿪˼ҲŶԷɽһô졣һûаѾФһҲûУֻмʱԷͨµ
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Ф֪һһǵõʲôϢֻûҵʵĻ˵⻰ԺӦ
ϣһФϴγԷǸݡ֮ѡطҪΪƧȫ̫˵ע⡣ڸоһзǳҪҪ˵Фⶣ˷ϰ˵ȻϣʲôʱҪĻкԷһԶԷŷǳ⣬ʶص˵ͷ
ϰͷԱԺһó֮ǰѩޱתǸŷ⣬ȻʱյϢϸظФ˵Ժһ̸֧Է˼öԷúһۣһ£Ȼ˵ȷʵе࣬ҪҵͷҲô׵飬ФרŸģܻⷽһǿһ㣬ҲһͶһ͸
һ˴֧Ժ̧ͷһ˵׼ô
ͨղһĻФѾǳˣгԪйϵҪľһ׼ȡʲôĴʩԸԷһؼҪǸ㲻Ļ˵Ϲ󹦷
ԷĻԺһ붼û룬ֱӿ˵Ҳͨ˭ֻҪƾʵݣҾһܵӦеĳͷһӦ֪ҵԸ񣬵ںҶûηηβģںôҲˣȻˡ
ФһĻԺûڣ̣Ȼһ˳ŵɫǰչţſ˵һǲٿǿǣԷݡλɶǶأҪ֪Ļһ˵ģʱ᲻ʲô벻
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УˣǾУҪúһ¾ô죬ǧܴ߲亦Ф˵ӹгԿһߣĶҺں̵ܶʱ֮ʧȥǾԲܸ¿ڵĻᡣ


һǧһٰʮ 
һФĻԺ󣬺ͬص˵ͷԷ̫ˡû˱Ԫ־Ļԣζʲôˡ
˵յĳֻһ⣬֮ǰȴָʹŴ׳ӵ˰˹־ŮǶ˵ɱ־ļ֡˵ڷҲӦܺͷǷ͹úúһˡ
ͶŴ׳ĻͿԿһֱǳע£з紵ݶĻ޷˵Ļ档Ŵ׳ܻزɳϰ࣬˵˵Ժ󣬾Ŀǰûгʲô쳣ǲҪȡʲôӦԴʩ
һФ˵һǳõϢٿ˵Ŀǰ£Ԫ֪Ѿ϶Ŵ׳ˡ
һ˺һᣬſ˵ͷҪǳעģһжŴ׳ģϵʩǧǵ֮ʧڶǸŮˣѩޱʱҪȡж˵㿴ҪҪ
ФʻԺͬϸ˼һŻشҿʱܼŮ˶˵ͬǳؼֺͶŴ׳ͬڶŴ׳ҪֹܾˣŮˣҪҪȡΣĻǲǵġ
˵ԺФͣ٣˵ĿУһΪǳԪ˸ģ£ûʵʵضóǺȡεġ
ѽһͬ˵һ
Ф˵֮ǰѾ뵽ˣֻڼĥ˺һ£Է˵ģˣרҵҵ
ҪȡΣʵõİ취жŴ׳ġФ˵Ϊֵ飬һԪ˽⣬ų֪Ŵ׳ĿԣҲԪܸǳҪԭ򡣡
һԷĻԺϸһȷʵô£漴Ҳ뵽֢ڣФ˵ڵǲܶԶŴ׳ȡʩѽĻһᾪԪģʱǻ÷ֳôһ־Ըջʲôǿ˭Ҳ˵ˡ
ѽҵĵҲطģˣФ
һФ˵ѾӦˣЩӴ򽻵еȻ֮ҲʲôģĻ˭ҲġͬҲ˵Фûн˿Լֵǰ˵ʲôȻûҪװˣĻ˸
һһ̸֧Фڴ̵ʱ͵һФ˵㿴ҪǸкӵһԣҪʶŴ׳ĻҲпʶӡŴ׳ʱܶǻôڶν
Ф⻰Ժŭ˵˵첻ҪһĽһ˺һ𣬹ôʱˣʲôϢû͸ѹץȥ˼һҲģдѽͷЩҿôӲ
ԣڿԷͷȰ¡һõʰŴ׳֤ݣһҲѩޱȥһ˫£˵յ벻Чһ˵
УôˡФ˵ǸŮ˵ȷһţȰѶŴ׳˵һ׳⣬ʵ
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뵽ʱһ͵һ⣬ֱӿ˵ºԺ󣬱һʣҸյߵʱ͵飬ĻӦҲͶŴ׳ɵģҪҵӦþЩԭ
һ֮ԹΪҪԪϣϡҪԪϵĻû֧־Եòô̫ҪˣֿӦò
У֪ˣİɣФ˵˵ȥ飬ʱɣҾó鳤ȥĻðŮĻӦøȡöԷΡ
ţУʱ˵ɣһ˵
飬˿̣һ̫ԸФ̸ѩޱĻ⣬ҲǼһʱ飬ж֮ǰҪúһ£Ļ׳©ɲͬ飬Ԫз쳣ĻǶǶԣǻ
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һصԺ󣬰ѸղźФϸ˼һ飬ֱȷûκ©˲աǰѹФǱߣǺͺӶǶ£¶Ŵ׳֣ϵȶҪȥ˳ᢡ
ȥƺûһʲô飬ʵȻֻһǾǽԪҲжƻҪһвĻöԷ쵽ǵĶ롣ԪԴУһĹϵ뷽跨ϰֱǼɵֽǷװȥ
ڶһϰԺһ½е˰칫ң֣µظעڵ춯Ļʱ㱨ʲôͻĻȸں״Ȼٺϵ
⻰΢΢һȻһֱԸڰ칫Ҷǳעϰȴδŵ̨˵β˵ˣ˵ķǳأڸնȨⲻòо档
ôʱ飬·ǳʲôʣʲôʣϰĻԺֻһʲôҲû˵


һǧһٰʮ ˼
죬Ф쳣æµڵڶʱ򣬽ˡһ﹩Ŵ׳º׳磬ǰڼ緸£ﵽԺʶԪ֮һֱеϵ
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ڶŴ׳Էͨ绰ĹУǱͻȻû˷Ӧʼʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ƣ˴ԼСʱҵʱ䣬ӵһ绰úȥŮˣ˵һʲôġ
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ФʼԷһļ͵飬ҲȷʵͶŴ׳ɵġʱŴ׳ͷµǱ뵽ȥһŷһĶ
Ŵ׳ûסģȥԺ͸оԾһһŮ˽ͶһûиҶŮȥԺ󣬹˺һŸҼңտʱˣȴʣһûңԾͽװƤˡ
ʱ֮ôĿģһʱֹ˷֣ڶԽһּǳżĳЩģͲ̫׷Ŀˡ
һФתԺﰵȻҲĲ࣬Էȷʵѩޱ֮ǰѾڱˡ֮ԸоʱˣΪʱѩޱҪͣ˵һ䣬Ҳһӵʱ䣬û¡ѩޱͬġ⻰ڸԷͨ籨ˣ˱ƽ֮С
Фһ˵֮ǰĲ֪࣬Ķ࣬ץԪͶŴ׳һҲĵһԭ򡣡
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷںӱ£Ԫ̨ҪԭǾǺһֱΨŴ׳հԲѶԷġڶԷ֮ԿڣΪФʵʵ֤ݷǰɲٲ˵ˡ
ѽӵĻֻ¶Ŵ׳аҪλĻһҲûСһ˵ǻȴǶ֣˵ûʮİ֮ǰʱҪŴ׳
˵Ժһͣ٣˵ԽԽˣҵȥʡһˣĸɲ˵ܶģҵ˽һȻ
Ф֪һȡ֧֣֪Էʡίί֯¬йҪȥԷ㱨һˡԷ˵ԪϾһ֮ʡίίԱɲھȻпܺһԵ°йأ˭鶼ҪСĽһġ
뵽ԺФ˵ҪɣҲʱȷһţʡ˵ⷴҲǼһʱ飬㿴ô
һФ˼Ժ˵Ҳã
Фֻ˵һһ£ȥʡ˰¬㱨⣬Ҫһ˻㱨Ǿǰʡί֯޿ġ
֮֯ǰԷҲǻиüĿˣбҪȥԷһ㱨һҲԷ޿Ŀǻʡˣ¬ǳضԷлûɲһ¶Է
үӿнΪ˹־飬Ըġڵ˹ؼʱˣһǰȥ֪һ
²ôڣնҪԪֱģԷϾгֻǸְ£ҪȡյʤĻǾٲʡ֧֣Ҳδѡ
ڶ磬һѩޱ㱨ĻᣬФ˵Ĺںӵ˶Է
ѩޱ󣬺ܳһʱڳϺһ˵СҪڱ淢Ļǵֱֳѽ
뵽ʱѩޱɵڳ飬ˢһ±úģ͸˵ƻһ㡣
һ׼ͶԷúһȥģԷɫ죬ϵıǹ죬˵䣬ڰ칫Ǳ뿪ˡһĻһһ㶵ģ֪ʲô顣
һ룬еĲ£Ҫ˵֮ǰ˻Ǵͬ¹ϵĻڳϵһĻԺ󣬾;Բô˵ˡڷֶԷе㲻Ծʺһƺе˵ȥ
гɲǳԺĨĨ̧žߵˣȻڻ˵ԵֻǸʱˡ
뵽Ժһֻ༭һŸԷ˹ȥ
ѩޱص칫ԺԾĻŻŵģæֽȥȥǲΪ˷㣬뿴ϵ״ʵڲеĻˮһ塣ҪǱ˿ԿǸţҪǿӣһֻЦ˼ˡ
ѩޱԺ󣬿ֻĻжһһţæĶ
Ժ󣬿ļˣֱĻŭݡǵʲôʱһĹĹˣ˲˳øߴ˧ӸλʵҲʲôȱ㡣
ҪӲһĻǾǺɫоϻ˲Ů˲˵ϰԷµʱԼҲʪ͸
뵽ʱѩޱϻָ֮ǰĺޣղˮϴϹӵơ׷ˡ
ѩޱȫעµʱ򣬶ͻȻһŮڿʲôأýҲʶ
ѩޱ֪ˣûüڣԷʹյĶߣ˵ôô죿ⲻ˼ֱǳ˴ҩѽˣ£


һǧһٰʮ ͬ
Ժİٽ°ʱһ߽Ԫİ칫ңǹԷٵģ׼ȥӦ졣ô˵Էڻ̩егΪ뿪֮ǰкһǺбҪġ
ԪһĵǷǳһֱôģһҲϰΪ׼ĩʱӦһ˵ģ˭֪¬һҪȥƴʡɣһֻܸ֮ǰȥˡ
һԺԪͻȻ˵һгɰҲ׼ȥʡͬô
һ΢΢һе㲻Է«ʲôҩ˼ҼȻô˵ˣȻûоܾĵ̧ͷЦ˵г֮ͬõ飬ҺҲö顣
ŶҲҪȥԪʵ
ѽг㲻ҪʡίУʱͬѧѽȻͬѧۻôٵأ˵԰ɣһЦ˵
Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬹װһȻģЦ˵ԣôͬѧһˣȻһҾͲˣ죬Լɣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ󿪿˵ãһгš
һлԺһվˣԪһؿվһֱԷ͵ſڣŻͷ
ص칫Ժһ뵽ղԪı֣ʼվе㲻ԾܾöԷƺ̽ôԷҪõʲôȴôҲ벻ףȷʵһ˺ܾ÷ѽ顣
һ뿪ԺԪϰԺ󣬵һ֧̣˳˼ղô˵Ŀȷʵ̽ԷԴӶŴ׳ϲɳŵıԺʼֲ̤ʵĸоܾڸڿӡ
뷨Ժͷ￼˭ôȥ˼ǰ󣬷ҪķһĪʶλȥʱмֲˣǱ뷽跨Ҫһ̽һ
ղһ˵Ҫȥʡμͬѧۻᣬ뵽ԭиΣϵίƺͶԷǵУͬѧǱһƣ̽Է벻ԷûĵֱӳԽ仯ˣԷһġ
һ˵ƵһɲǼ䣬ԪǷǳģ˵Էûƭ˼ȴʡȷʵΪͬѧۻ¡ϰϸ˼һԺе㲻ˡ
Էղŵش𣬳ȷ⣬Ǿǿ͸⣬ɱġҪǺһĻɾҪúÿһˣٲȡԲߵĻɾͳˡ
뵽ʱԪҲ޷ˣԿнضһȻöԷȥ졣
Կ⻰Ժ룬Ȼ˵ϰ壬ղ˵Ŀ飬ȥĻǲе̫ˣ
Ԫ⻰Ժ΢΢һ漴ŭ˵ȥ͹ȥĶôϻȵȥĻǻƻ˶ˡȥԺ󣬰ѶԷһһϸؼ¼ʲôرĻʱһ㱨
ԿղҪҪѯԥΪǳԺĽϰ⻰Ժ˵ϰ壬֪ˣھ͹ȥ
Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬿Կһۣ͵ʲôƵģ˵СѽҺҲˣʱæˣҰ㰲һ£ȿһ£ǼǵأҿͲҪˣϾ̫ˣ̫׳ɼ
ԿղŻΪĪѵоˬأ벻תۼԷôһ棬پϲԽ֮С
˵˾ź˵Ļʲô쵼飬ʶһһġϲŭֵģź˵Ļĳ̶ֳ˵ġȻ˵ĻΪʲôô˵ԴҪ쵼أ𰸷ǳ򵥣Ǿȡ쵼ΣԺĽ
һƣǾܾ쵼ǰƣһ޴ƣûʱһߣȻһ졣
һ⣬黹֪쵼ǲñ֪顣ýԪԿȥ˵ȫҪʲô꼶ϵСѧܹʤΣ¶˵ȴش󣬷ء
һĻΪһԿԪӮ˲ٵļӷ֣˭Ҳ޷ϵ飬Ժ;Ӱ֪
֮ǰһͺ̶ҸʱͲʡܷӵ˾һۣҪȥӦ뷨Ժͺ˵һԷܿͽˣԼں磬ڵļ𶼲ͣԳһ졢ʱͬѧۻʲôģǻһ仰顣
һûкͬеļƻۻǺ飬ûҪȥô磬ԪһбҪһȥĻʼе㲻̤ʵ뵽Ժ绰ƴ˹ȥ
ƽӵ绰Ժм֣֪һȻôһ⣬ʲôҲûʣֱӵͷӦ
һԺһо̤ʵˡ֪ԪҲмֻɶѣԲʲôƾʵݵġΪ˷ֹӽ̽ʱй¶ϢФѾ㵽һ־ֵĿȥˣҽָĵˣ˭Ҫҵô׵顣
һԺһ׼Ϣһ£ͻȻϵĵ绰һǸг̹Ŵģ˵ɳǱһһԶٷ쵼Ӧ绰
һ֪ʮа˾ǲ̹ŵ˼ǸӦòô˭֪վɻľģȻվ̹ǱȥˣȻٵʾá
Ȼǲ̹ŵ˼һȻܾһڴӦ


һǧһٰʮ 
ڶٽʱƾ͸ϵȻ˵һȥӦ죬ӦϹˡ
һ׼ƳԷģԷϹ˵ǰæӦҲΪ˵ôҲñʾһѽ˭֪ƹϢи֪ˣ˱ҪγԷһֻòˡɴ˿ɼڸ컹еŵġ
ѩޱѳԷԺ󣬸׼ת뿪͵ʲôƵģһ˵гҪûʲôĻҲʹһɣ
һ룬ûдӦҪؼʰһ¶Ϊɾܾˡ֪ѩޱһƬ⣬Ҳиͬ־׽׽ϲ쵼ӵˣʱʱڣʲô¶ҪСģЩˣ˴¡
һô˵ѩޱȻҲǿλ쵼˵һټԺ󣬱˳ȥ
ƺһһԺͻȻһ˵һλǲǽҪȥҸղڳϻһ绰ǱߣǺûнӵ֪ͨ
⻰Ժһ΢΢һԷеλȻָ֪Ķͷ˾гԪʱ򣬾ϲִָԷڿϰߣһֱš
һ֪֮˵һǻлֱӴûа֪ûȥļƻ
ףǾˣҸղô￴Կġ˵Ҫҽס׼װҵӡһΪ׼ʲôרİģСӲŻһ׵ģˡѲСȥʲô˽£±ײƣԲһ̬ģ
һ⻰Ժ󣬳ʵ˼˵ղ￴Կģһģ
ţӦġ˵
һ⻰Ժʶһ֮ǰϵĹ治Կϵ֣һԪȥģ˵Ŀĺܼ򵥣ǿǲǻ˵ĵһȥӦ졣
Ӧûţҿʮа˾һɺϣĻԿӦȥʲô˽µġһ϶˵
ҪԸԪ飬ھϢ֪ԽԽáŲƣϾºͶԷûκιϵûбҪǣһôǴӱƵĽǶȳģ˭֪ľٶȴںܳһʱԺ󣬸˴벻鷳¡Ǻ󻰣µ޹ء
һ⻰Ժϵɫе㲻̫Ȼˡղ˵Կʱװĵӣʵȴǳ⡣Կʱ򣬶ԷǸոտѾһʱˡҪֻżĻһҲûУԷҪǳĵĻе㲻ˡ
ϲûлؼңסڱģȻɵмҲأһȥסݡ
磬ͮϵ㽫ԷŽ˱ݡϣμһӦ꣬;ʱǰ뿪ˡѾܳһʱûզһˣκò״ŻᣬȻ˷ѡ
һҹԺ󣬵ڶһ磬һ⳵ѶԷ͵ȥϰ࣬ȻȥίϰġһĻԿУǶԣɲһʲô顣
мֵģƲûа˵֮ǰĺܳһʱ䣬һ͕ѹͮ΢͵һ㡣ʱӦ˶Է˵ʵûôȥᵱȻҲ˼ἰˡ
һᣬѩޱĵ绰ʹ˹һԼǰϣȻһȥӦ졣
һʳһ㷹ȻͻغɽׯȥˡȥĿģСƬ⣬ҪҪǸѩޱŷ⡣Ȼȥʡλ쵼˵Ȼܿտ˵׻֤ݿɲ¡
ȥӦ·ϣһȻоеĲɣûгѯʡ֮ĹϵһֱʡίУʱˣ̩ԺˣⲢ˴֮ûܡ
ƺͮ˵һϴѶԷʱ֮ҲǷǳģ㵽Ϊֹ֡ڶԷ״˵һ֪Բ㿪ѯʣĻװ㡣
绹ûеϰʱ䣬ԪԿ˰칫ҡ֪ϰҪԲҵ緹Ժص˵λ
ϰʱ仹ӵʱԪ˰칫ſڡԿ״æ첽ڶԷ߽˰칫ҡ
ԪԿıֻ൱ģСӾĥԺԽԽӦˣҲٳٲԸѶԷųȥԭ֮һ˵֮ǰ˵ģõطѡطģҲһ˵ûе档
Կг칫ԺתСذŴϣȻߵ칫ǰϰĲ豭ʣ赹һطڶԷǰ
ԪԿıֻǷǳģһ֧Ժ󣬰ֱ̺˦˶Է˵ȥɣ
Կæץǰİ´棬һллϰ壬ллϰ壬ͬʱûͳΪԷϻ
ԿΪг飬Ȼȱ̳飬ϰģǷȻҪֵÿһ㡣̲ϰоԼеĵλ˵ˣһֱƨ
Ӿ澭ֱͨ׵ȥ쵼ƨŶΣʵУʵǺٳֵġҪ˭ȥĻﲻҪЧ쵼һѵ⣬ΪƲ쵼̣Ļĺùӳԣ
ԪһڵȻԿ˵Сѽȥôˣ
ԿʻԺæƺ濴ϸԪ˻㱨ΪֹһСӳļ¼ϸ˵


һǧһٰʮ Ļ
ԿĻ㱨ԺԪʵȷǸŮйϵ
Կ⻰Ժ룬˵Ϊ˷ֹҵʱʱ¼ײһұ׼ȥģ˭֪кң֪ʲô˼
˵кģԪʵ
Կ˵ͷԪ˼һԺüͷ˵ʱȷһţȹʱȥ˽һ¹Ůסǧܾƣʲôĺ˵ӦҲó
֪ôˣϰİɡԿæ˵
УȻ֪ˣҾͲ˵ˡԪ˵ˣղ˵£˭Ҫ˵ҹհɣ
ԿԪĻԺƣ룬˵ùգǻ⻹ŲѽţȴһҲûб¶ŶԷ˵ϰ壬ģ˼һ᲻̫ãţͼǲˣǺǣ
ԪԷĻ΢΢һЦȻԿӻ֣ȥˡ
һƽӦԺ˱ֵˡȥ޾ۻĵطһȻؼȥˡ
֮ǰ׼Ѿۻصٽģ˾ŽŵʱһͻȻˡƽ䰲ŵӦȥмɻ󣬵ҲûжʲôֱӵͷӦ
һǵͬѧۻᣬ֪ٽ󿿽ͨһ㣬תһ룬ûһãǱƽ䰲ŵӦȥˡ˵Ϊͬѧۻν飬һҪ䵽˵ָųʲôأʲôɣʲôȳ²֣֮ЩһҪСĽԱ
ϣһ֣һȥ¬Ұݷá
ڿһԺ¬ͺһ߽鷿֮ǰһѾڵ绰򵥵˵һ£¬Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ֱӽˡ
鷿ԺһͰյϸԷ˽ܣͬʱǸŷݸ˶Է
¬ӹŷԺ󣬰Ķ۾ԺϸϸؿһһҲż豭ϸƷӶԷ˶Դ̬ȾͿԿ·ͬСɣ¬ݲء
ʮӣ¬۾ϣضһ˵㶼ѾˣеΣճ̶ȲҪҺǿԪİȷʵӦýͽڴ˹һҪأǧܰԼݽȥ
һ⻰Ժ˼Ȼ˵¬壬ôԸ⣬ѾˣĻӦûʲô⣬Ҿǵʡ߻᲻ʲôϾڡ
˵һͣס˻ͷ¬ܶ˼
¬ֽ̻ҵ̻ҸȻ󿪿˵ֻҪʵˣʡ߲κģǺǱ߾ܲԸڵǷǲֵĳ̶ȣһҪסм䲻ܳκβĻԱѽ
¬˵⻰ʱϵıмֳءĿǰ˵ȻǴεʱǱɽضأԷϴε̩ȥӦþͼģֻһס죬ûܷ
¬ֻҪһлᣬԷǲǿģȻ˵ĻǾҪԷĻᣬ뷨Ҳֻܱ
ȻˣΪʲôҪ֧һԪأҪԭһԪ̫ˣΪ͹ݣ˵ö֮һ˵һѵõĶᣬʹĻļ̫ߣȷģҲʲôµġ
ѾͬһµĴǿģѵģ¬һŲáҪԷͱѹֱӶԶԷ˵ֻȥ㣬Ļ㶥ţǻô𵽶Ŀأ
һ¬ĻԺ󣬰̵̻Ҹ˵¬壬İɣôŵ㣬ҲԲĻģĻҲԲȥˡ
¬֪һָ̩еǰγг־ԴˣǺм͵ģˣ˵ýģͬҲýģĻٳó¡
뵽Ժ¬΢΢˵ͷһ˵޲ҲܹģǲҲչȥһˣͬ־ǵͽ飬ҵĹǺаģ·
һ⣬¬ȻҲ֪޿ĹעŹ־飬֮й֮ǰһֱûа¸¬ҪĶԷ뷨ٳɻľһɲΪʹ¬ʲôᡣڶԷ£ûʲôˣ˵Ѿʹ޲ϵˣ糿ҪȥҽԺ죬Լȥ
Уʱ΢ȥʾͬ־ء¬˵
һ⻰ԺǸжԷ˵һǾȫһֶġȻΪĹϵ֣¬ߵúܽһƽʱҲƺ¬Ϊ壬ƺһ£һ¡¬ı֣ȻǶǰһ׶ɽԿܵľʱֵһֿ϶
ڣվӺҪǴҵĹʶվ˶ԺıͬҪվ˶˾͵ڼһСȦӣȦӵһߣ˶ֲߵҡҪȦܵãǾͱóͱĻȦڵƾʲôۿأ
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һǧһٰʮ ŵĴ㣨ϣ
һ֣ҵʱѾʮԺëëѽ硣˵Ȼæϴϴˣ˵Сʤ»飬еԸζͲһһ׸ˡ
ָƽԺһһ֧̣˼¬˵ʡضڿĲһûɽ̩ȥǳȥģֻļƻûܹɹѡȥееʱùʩһСϸڣݺݵ˦һӣֻ¶־ƵӰ첻ίǣô㣬Ҳ㲻ͷϡ
Ժһ¬£֧ԪﻹǷǳмģͬʱҲ޶ģһҪ̤ʵˣԷκ鷳Ļɾе㹼Է֧ˡ
뵽ԺһѾ˯һۣȻصͷƣֽԷ§
磬һͻȻӵ˴ŵĵ绰ԷĶأܾúǲ죬һǸ߶Էڼأ׼ȥݷүأ˵ڸأ׼ؼңҪҪһȥһӦ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһܾм֡Ϊ־ƵĹϵʹ֮һֱнҪ˵жǻ̸ϣԷͻȻôһȷʵú֡ڶԷ⣬һбҪ⣬ĻԷԺҪǻˣһ棬Էָôأ
Ҫ˽ŵ־ʵѡһ漴绰Է˹ȥ
һ־֮Ĺϵ⣬һֱѶԷʦɶԷȴһֱֵƣ֮ǰڳƺϺһǿϰĳ־Ƹ硣Ϊ˴֮Ĺϵܲһ㣬ͶԷ˵ʱûвҴţ׼ȥݷô޿ģȴͻȻӵŵĵ绰飬ֱ˵˳
־Ҳûһʧ漴еԭίɽԺӦĺ٣׼ȫʡΧڸ÷蹤̣ĿǰȦֱǽϵ̩УĹԴСſܴô⣬ԲŻ˻
һҶϵ绰Ժپһ꣬ҿ绰һʣԷҪ˵µʱ治һתùء飬˭Ὺżɽ˵Ҫһ㲻Ļ治һó
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˵Ժͺðˡ÷ȻҪûĸ̻еĵضȥģһ֣ʣµһֽͨƷۣеĺôɲһĴѽһĹ䵽ʵϰзסˣҲ˵һá
һǾͲѿЩҪĿԭˣΪǶԣͨӹ̣ܵһܵҪĻ˹ϵǿʵʵһģ˭ǲɵأ
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СԺ󣬴ǰһΣ˵гѵӦѽҪҸүӴ绰֪أǰЩѽ
ܣ˵ɾͲˡһһ˵ϲŻ֮ǰ޲㱨ˣȥ˿쵼ǰݷôˣȻ˵ҰˣǲӦѽ
Ǻǣô˵ҴгˡЦ˵
ܣôггĽţҵˣҪǿֵܵĻͽһȥǸ׽һ㡣һ˵ãȻϵô˵ˣҾ͹ˡ˵ô˵һϵѾӦˣҺúú㿴ô
һæ˵Ÿ磬治ǲӣλ˿쵼⣬ҪǺ֮ǰУļͬѧһ۵ģҲ֮ǰԼõģڽϣǲ˼ѽ
⻰Ժ̧ͷһһۣԷϵı鲻٣ŷ


һǧһٰʮ ŵĴ㣨£
δ˸һӣȷʵ־˵ԭ֮ǰүλϵʱЩҪֻҪһ绰ʱ绰ҪȻȻؾͻ˰㶨Щˡ
ʱͬˣԴүԺ󣬴Ըоⲻǰ˳˳ˮˡȻҲû˭ȥЧĺ֮ǰȫû취ˡе㲻ӦؼԺүӱԹ˼һҲӦˡ
˵һԷĿһᰲӹ̵飬һȷʵ£е㲻̫ÿˡΪ̩еĳгһȻܳʱضӦ죬ĻӦþҪȥˡԷĻȻ̫ʣ˵緹ģָһּɴĸоҲǲãԥţ֪οڡ
һѴŵıֿ룬˵Ÿ磬ϳԷ϶ǲˣҪɣԺԼطȱ裬óʱûˣҿɲŹֻǲ֪ûʱ䣿
һⷬܳŵ֮⣬Է˵Ļ˵ˣһǳתչ˵ӣȷʵѵãæӿ˵û£ʱҴ绰
Ҵ绰ɣͬѧһʱһûһϿҵ˵
żһĳغģҲͲǫˣˬشӦ
޼Ժ󣬴޿ĹȻڼأæΪ˵ݲ裬Ȱһж׵ԺԹ˾뿪ˣֻȴԼĳһһˡûڣһһҪ̸ղźͶԷҲѾ˵ˣڵȻûıҪˡ
һʹ޿˽Сʱӹ־ĵԪΪˣԼ̩кʡضһүȻˣڻʡֵĹעȿһ㶼ѷλʱ򣬷ΪĽǶȲͬΪ͸ͨһϯ̸һջĶࡣ
嵽־ϵʱүӵ̬ȻǷǳʵģֱԲرʾһ֧֣˵ʲôԷ˼ڵģֱӸȥйزţô˵һҪˡ
һ֮Ҫݷүӣľ⡣ɽǿƿսΪ¬һϵˣһκʱ򣬶ҪСĽԱ
˵Ԫܹ֣һΪггҲǹٳϵĴɡΪ˶סЩ˵ĿڣԼһʵ㣬޿Ϊǰʡίί֯ɸһƤĻᡣ
Ӵ޿ĵĽǶ˵ҲԷᣬϸ˵һԹ־¼ĹעȷʵзǳеĹϵ꣬Էȥ̩εʱ⽫е칫֣µضһ˽ˣ˼㱨ȷʵûκ⡣
Ӵ޼ҳԺһֱӦʶȥУ̸ϵһµģʱ䲻ˣҲʹˡӦĿѾﵽˣûбҪͣˣͲʡܷӵ˾һۣһ׼ȥˡȻԪĳˣʱڷ涼Ҫע⣬ö¶ˣĻԼ
һӦʵʱ򣬲ʺͽѾˣƵķģһԺæվӭ˵СȦӣһеϴⲻλйأҲıԼǱѲĹϵһʡί֯ɽˣ˭СĽǰ;ݣһҲΪ
һԺ󣬾˿ˣʡίУʱǼ֮ΪϲˡԼСʱԺ󣬹ܷҲˣ˶ˣͲһˣæͳкȻô׷ŹһţһԷ
ۣʱת˲ţգ۵˾ŵˡ
ڿʼƵʱһ˵һԼ̸飬˼龰ûкƽϡȻ֮ǰ˶оһ۵뷨ȿһҲûУʵ˶ǽӵƵĵ绰Ժֱӹġ£һһỹ飬Ǿ;ԲˣȻûжƽϵĵ
һʱˣվˡǳ˴һкȻ˵һȥ̩һۣʱһúһңһݡơʵ˵ȻǿĵشӦ
ٳ֮ǰһƽеһߣɢˣȻʹһȥϴ裬һҪ˭жһ˼ڵĹܷͽӵĳЩǳԲ֮ʶһ䡣
һȷʵе㵣ģʱȽ϶࣬ɲϣٺ֦ڡⳡۻưŵģ֮ôͬѧþû⣬һǳҪԭ򣬾Ǹ¬޿Ļ㱨ԪһڻɲΪǳʲô鷳Ļеòʧˡ
һ˺ʹԼĲ¥Ժ󣬼ԷѾݺ˲ڵˣæʾǸ⡣
ŶԴ˵⣬˵ʵԷڽϳʱѾ֪ˣ˵ʱϣû⡣
˱ߺȲ裬죬Ҳһ飬һԣղź˾ƣȵƣȷʵǺܲѡϺһ٩Ժ󣬴Ų⣬ԷĿ־֮ǰ͸¶һĹ̩аӹ̵顣һڻʡ꿪Ӧþͻᵽмˣʱա
һ֮ǰʹ⣬ᵱȻͶԷҶҲͶԷ˵úϾֻһгЩ鲻ģԶԷҪ෽顣


һǧһپʮ 
ŶԶԷֱ׺Ǹл˵һȥ취ģؼʱϣһܶһ⣬ע˺ֲֻܶ࣬Ȼ
һˬشӦȷʾֻҪķΧ֮ڣûκ⡣
ŵȻһлϵĲ豭Բƾ˶Էһ˵ʱǰͶԷϵġ
һͷӦһƬԷϵʽԷ϶УôĿģҪʾԶԷ֧أ˵ˣ˱һ̬ȶѡ
ȻһһƴǣȴִҪȥֻйˡ
ԺһĵһǸƴһ绰֪Ӧһϴ裬Իط˯ˣŷ˵ƵҲһЩ񣬵ܷͽȴôĿŵȥҸ㡣Ҳݵˣ˭ҲΪҲǻġ
ڶ죬һѵ˯һȻȥӦʺһ緹һϻ̩ˣҲ뿪ˡݵͬѧۻ˳һȴΪı׼ҲδѰɡ
һԺ̩䲻Ӧл¯֮ƣñȽϽ൱ġһ칫֮ǰ¾ѾѿյˣŸоһ˿ȣȵñȽģһ룬ǲЩר˵һ㣬ȫڱůԲŻɴ˵ˣȫůҲ˴ı仯ɣ
һںϾʱϵֻͻȻһĺ룬æ½ڶԺѹʵѩޱǱôǸŮô˵
ѩޱ÷ŮһǵģȥĿĵȻҵǸŮˣȡõ֧֡һФѩޱоԺ󣬶ĲԡڶŴ׳ѾʵˣֻҪһʵĻͿˡһ֮ǰбҪȥһģһֵĻȥҶԷܾеӳˣФѩޱҲͬ۵㡣
һĻ䣬ѩޱͰߵ˽ܡȾѾ˵طľסأҵǳ򵥡ǱԺǷԼݣ޷ʱװ˺Ϳһ֪֮ǳϡ
÷״һʧȥ˿ƣԼôʱԼܵʹһԶ˵˳ҲŮ˵Եʣһ֣ܵ˴ӦǵæֻǰĸŮ˻ǲ̫ţ˵Ҫ쵼ͨ绰
ѩޱ͹÷ȥʱ򣬴ľһţҲǼģȻǣҪһͨһ绰žǲҪְǡ
⻰Ժһˣԭѩޱ绰ĿΪȺͨһ׼״Ժһ˵У֪ˣѵ绰ɣ˵
˵⻰ԺһĴԾͷתŮ˵֮Ҫе֤ó־㶨Ԫһԭġ˵ʲôԭȻһų
Ԫ֮ӦûʲôڣĿӦòгˣֻϰ彪ˣĻһϰŮ֮¶ǳĻˡ
֪ͨ죬ƾһŮҪ㶨ԷĻȻǲܵ飬һֻ辶ˡ֪־Ԫ֮ԺȻȻ뵽־Ԫմﵽĸ㶨ֵĿġȻ鷳һ㣬ҲʧΪһ֮·ȻȻôȥˡ
һ֮Ҫ˼·ΪȡöԷ֧Ҫӵ־ԺͶ㵽һԿԪͽһҲ֪йأȥ˵ˣôĿĲΪ˶ߵˣǵĽֵҵĻóԲ˶ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻȻҲϣԪͽֱ֮ԷҲҪԼͨԭǳԪͽֵûзǳǿƵͷĻ÷ѩޱŮˣǾԲվġֻҪûлʤİգĻȥٻܱסһҪǱҵ޷ȴĽʲô
˶Էĵϸһιʱһͳֻ˵̩ггһŮͬ־һҵǰιгķˣһиΣѩޱǹȥġ˵лҪ˵һỹиᣬֻܸӵʱ䣬˵
һ֮ԶԷǱȽأȴǳǿƣݶԷɣҪľЧһʵûʲô˵ӵ绰ֻȷһѩޱû˵ѡ˵ȴǿӲԷԽģΪͨгһ٣˵ûһء
Ȼһʱ飬Ҳһ棬ףûô˵ŮˣһһסԷĻԺæ˵ԲгˣҸ绰ʵһ⣬жİܹ⵹Ԫĺͽ֣꣬ǰο
ŮȻʶޣͲ⻰˵ȻǳΣе˼ȴǳȷǳг־ҲǳгԷûа⵹Ԫͽ֣Լ˽ȥôбʤİأ˵⻰ʱΪ˷ֹ̼һ˵䣬ҲǸ˶Էˡ
ѩޱվߣһԺǽţһش𲻺ãöԷʧȥģʱȡ֧֣ǿɾˣϢֻһĻش


һǧһپʮһ гټ
С˼ȻһԷⷬԺ˵ŮʿҪһ飬ҵǰιгǳֻһ⣬ԲţǾһʵΪ˸飬ҺΣԼֵ쵼ͬ־˺ܴ˼۾ǿ͹۹ġҪ˵ȷʵ̫ɺһ㣬еʱдĻҪ⣬˵Ӧûʲôɣ
˵ԺһȶԷش𣬼˵֪ڳʱͺ͹гͬһϣȻ˵Ļһ֪˾ڸٵڴͻȻתͷԭ򣬰ܹгŮѾҵˡҲһˣӦܹóֻҪʵˣûĶν֮ǹȥ㣬ֻøλһ㣬ԷκλᡣˣҪ˵ľô࣬⻹飬ɣˣʲôֱӺ˵ɣټ
˵⻰ԺһûٸԷ˵Ļᣬֱžһ¹Ҷ˵绰Ů˴˿ԥģ˵ˣΪߵĲ㡣ֻбֵǿһ㣬ǿڶԷĿе룬ȡʱԷͣ㶯֮֮һףʮа˾ԸΥ
ԼһСʱҵʱ䣬ѩޱĵ绰ٴδ˹ڵ绰ͷ˵һͨ绰Ժ󣬿ǽСʱ¶˾ģȥеıչȡЩԭʼݣ佻ǣ˵ҪĻԸ⵱ͽ֡Ԫ޵˶ʡ
ֻһҪ󣬾֮ǰܽǣ⵽ֵı⼸֮ԶȥΪĵľһ㡣ԴŽδ֮͵˶ԷЩ˳佻˹־
Դӹ־Ժʳ֪ζҹ£ԪֲŹôÿ춼ľսжɹ֮ԸǣҲϣܹ
һѩޱĻ󣬾þûпڣԷ˵֮ǰԤϵòࡣڿⲽ廹ȷʵ߶ˣΪڳ˽Ŵ׳⣬˳ǸнֵĽһ£ʱԪôɣҲûа취Բ˵ˡ
뵽ԺһѩޱתйǱϵ֮ǰڰﱣȫ˵İȫͬʱҲתԷʱòҪ뿪ǣö¶ˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ׷ģڵԤڵĻҪãʣѡʱˣҲǳؼڶԷ޲¶֣ú֦ڡһʱżѩޱ͹÷лԺ󣬽ǷݲĶᡣ
ѩޱ͹÷ǵٽŵʱŻص̩ģһһֱڰ칫ǡ֪ǵԺֱӰѳѩޱҵ¥£õԺ󣬲ų׷ѩޱԼãϺФһ̶һһô
һصԺĵһ飬ǰѩޱĶϸز鿴һȷ֮ǰĸӡʱŷ֮ǰľǳСģԭ͸ӡֿţӡڴͷĳ棬ԭڰ칫ĳ档
ʱӦû⣬Ѿˣһûȥпһ䣬ЩŽȥһһҲûУ֪ѩޱ͹÷ȥǵ᲻ᱻԷ֣Ļᷢʲô˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
֮ǰһѾ־ϵˣڹְȥһҡ׻˵úãӼ˻ҧأοǸнֵĽӦþԲʲôŮɲϣΪٸʲô
ڶٽʱһͻȻӵѩޱĶţֻһ仰Ǳҹȥ
һ󣬵Ȼ׶Է˵Ǳָ˭˵ʵ⻹е֮⡣ӦԺһͿѩޱ֮ϵĵľԷľȥеʱҲöԷȥô齻÷һȥĻʵ˷Ĳ£ԲѲѩޱȥġ
ѵԷһֱעѩޱı֣Ѿ֪ȥˣһ뵽ʱоò̫ܣΪѩޱ÷Ů⣬Ф֪Բ˵ŮҲФѡģմӾУҵģӦҲ⣬˵ֻ֪ȥִй񣬲֪ʲô飬˵ĻҲ޴˵
ȻԪ֪µĿԲ󣬵ʱڵȽ⣬һﻹеԲ룬ֻдĸ֡û¡Ȼ˷ͼ֪ѩޱţΪеûףٱֵ쳣ҵĻǶԷ͸ûˣ˵˸⡣ʱĻɾ鷳ˡ
ѩޱ˿̵ȷʵеţʱҲһ־롣ôһΪڰ飬Ԫһ棬ڳǳԺе㲻֪ԶԷøһᣬʱһһ
ϺͱɩһصԺ˵ﶼǳ˷ܣһֱһʯͷһѹǵͷѾˡۿҪˮʯˣǵ֪
Ȼ˯úܳ٣ѩޱ糿ϰʱ򣬻Ǿʮ㡢ȵġٽˣ׼ǰߣɩ糿˵ͻɽˣ׼ȥһ¶Է
˭֪ʱԪĵ绰˹ھȥһİ칫ҡѩޱʱĸо붼û룬ֻһһϢԷعĸֵʱﰲ࣬һԺ󣬰ͷͦظг칫ȥ


һǧһپʮ 
ԼСʱһӵѩޱĵ绰Էûж˵ʲôֻ˵û£ϼʱ˵
һһ͹Ҷ˵绰ԷȻڵ绰˵û£һȴóƺƽʱǰ㵭ɴ뵽ܻǳ飬ֻѩޱʱѡ
˼һ綼еĲɵģڶǶԣΪؼʱ̣ǧܳһӣĻпǰɲӴ¡
ϣһФѩޱ˾Ϸ档ʱѡҪΪºĲҵõĻʲô⡣⣬ǷǳģĹ̫˵ע⣬һΪصһ㡣
ԺһѩޱԷȥԺФ˵ԪȻѩޱҲе㲻һؿŶԷ
ѩޱ״æԪȥԺ˵˳һ½׶εĹȻ˵ѩޱиҲһʱˣõ˿鳤ʱˡƳϵίԺѩޱȻһиΣȴȻֻ鳤
Ԫ˵ĿȻ£˼⵹е˾֡Դһѩޱ֮鴫ǷԺ˭֪ѩޱһˣ£ԪԷʾãе벻ˡ
һ˼Ժ󣬶ѩޱʵǲȥ򣿡
ѩޱ⻰ԺﰵԾе㲻һô֪ġɻ˵ͷȻ󿪿˵Ұ֮ǰ̸ҵĻ߶ԷҺͱɩһȥݵģƺûлʲô
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵شȻ˵ʲôˣҪ˵ȥطܾͲıˡˣһҪСġ
⻰Ժѩޱһ¶ǳԾı顣ФҲһؿһҲе㲻׶ԷղŻ˼ֻԸԭ򣬲ûѩޱš
һ˵ı֣΢룬˵ºܼ򵥣֮٣Ϊ֮ǰѾ˽⵽ˡ˵ĺյһ£Ȼٶ˵ʲôˣһ£һµĻıأ
Ļ䣬ѩޱû˵ФѾſˣе˵һ˼˵ŮϢ©ȥˣһȥǲҪǡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬳Фҡҡ֣漴Ļͷ˵㲻ҪϹ룬ºСûйϵȥԺ󣬲ҪΪǣ
⻰ԺФɻŶһһչӣԲ˵ġ˺͹÷֪⣬ͻŮ֪ˣԪȴõϢ˵ģֻ˭أ
һФıԺЦ˵ǲǾչӣԲŹ˵˵£
ФԷ⻰Ժʶص˵ͷ
ѽҪĺйصĻλôȲذѩޱνйȥѵ벻ǻỳɵŮһ˵˵˵ȥģͲôʻˡ
Фѩޱ⻰Ժϸһһ˼˶һۣĵ˵ͷ
ǲζǿ̸ԭƻˣѩޱ룬ʵ
УԷѾˣʱһɣȹʱԺ˵һ˵˷һʱνڶԷ¶ֻʡܶ顣
ФԺ˵˼ʱȷһţǱиʱٶ֣ȡһС
һ⻰Ժ³һŨŨȻص˵ͷ룬ֲ˵ϺʡȥȰǸнֵĵϸˣ߹ȥˣһܾԷûлĻǾ͵ȣж
Уû⡣Ф˵ʱס˹ȥӦòµġ
һ󣬵˵ͷФºģˡҪ֪ȥȥϺʡץֲһ׵飬˼ҵĵ̣вͻʰľ档
öԺһζԸŴ׳⡣һǵϻģϵ鲻٣ʶǿҪĻ׼ʵǧֲܳҪ˵ĻץǿɾͿˣԴӵԺĽĽ֮ǰ࣬λץһȽϺõĻᡣ
˵ô¶Ŵ׳˲ûһʱݾٶ
һФѩޱ˾һԲߵʱԪҲԼҵ鷿ڤ˼롣ԴӶŴ׳ϲɳŵıԺʼվе㲻ԾԼǿ˶Χ˵Ĺע
һϰʱиһԱ˵ȥǡʱͰ⻰Ϊгʱ̩֮ûʲôϵϵѩޱȥԲΪɡΪԷ͹־ϵһֱиƯŮ˶Ƿǳעġ
ʱоǳõʱ͵˵ϢбҪѶԷһʣܲܿʲôͬѰĶǱ绰
Ԫһ֧ԺﰵҲˣûκ鷢ֻԼԼѡ
ѩޱıӦûκ⣬˵͹־һȥݣ֮ǰҲܸĳгһ˼١Ϊ˷ֹԷ˵ѣʱԿȥ鿴ԱǼǱȻѩޱɣ˽¡ǡ


һǧһپʮ 
һԺһһӵФĵ绰Է׿˵ϺʡԺѾ˽ֵĻɡһڵҲһˣΪ˷ֹ⣬ûк͵صĹϵֻĵظں۲죬Իһʱ䣬ֱصڵȴָʾԱһ
һФ֮˼ż֮⣬侲룬ŻͲ˵Ӧļ¼ȻɣĶԺٶ
ǡФ˵һͷûٽ˵ȥǻһ˵У֪ˣҾͺϵ㿴ǲбҪһǱߣһҪжĻҲиˡ
Ϻʡ뻴ʡǧһ˵Ļȷʵ̫סһÿ׿˳ҪǿǵĿǰǶֵĺʱ׼ٵһȣھФһ˵е㶯ҡˡڵĽͨǳ㣬ǧﱼҲһ׵飬˷˵ĶҲ״ҵĶ־˾жʱ
һ룬Ф˵Ҫɣʱһ绰ȥپһúһ£澿ô죬㿴Σ
УһҵǾ¹ȻӦأҲηηβģĻҲڳ£ٺúһɣҾȹˣټФڵ绰ͷ˵
Ҷϵ绰Ժһһ֧ⲽ˴ǰͷڿФղź˵ǷǱʶһֱһԪעʱٶ֣Ȼһ¡
⶯Ѹ٣׳£𷽷ע⡣仰˵˻ʱѾˣԪһϵʱŵʱ˰˵ġ
ԶͷݡԼ̫еˣһڿǵǣ뷨ǲкʵʡܹ־ѾˣԪһʱʱ̼̿ϣͲԶŴ׳βɳűԼѩޱ֮ˡ
ʱȥˣͷǸҶûڶ̶̵һ̵ʱ䣬öԷɾȻǲܵ顣뵽ʱһʶڵȴһֵּ̫ܳĻⲻФ˵ηηβȥҪµĻȷʵѡ
Ǿϻ˵һûߵԽãԽСںʱһֺгĹӣһҲûͶ֮ͰѶԷˡڹԽԽˣȨҲԽԽˣϽȴԽԽˣհǰ˺ģڵ͵Ĳѽ
뵽ʱһеպԼǶ˼Ļʵô˵Ҳȫԡֻһé®Ĺٳˣη壬ڵһļӡһġ¬֣¾ÿǵı뿼ǵĻ׻¡
һվڴ㿼˰Сʱ֮ãջǴ⡣ǿȥȡģõĻɹļǷǳСģһζȣ뷽跨شƻܾԪ㶨
뷨Ժ󣬵ϣһФѩޱ˾ϷСһ飬㶩˾жϺʡǱߵʱйעŽֵ߰ѶŴ׳ԺǱչжر̵֤ʱڽԷص̩
˵Ŵ׳⣬һŵġ֮ڣòɳŰһβ뿪ʱȡжѶԷԺҸܵĵصʣܵԪ
ФѩޱⰲԺ󣬶ÿУȻ˾һЩϸֽ˽ֱȷһʧԺ󣬲Ŵɢؼҡ
ѩޱĳȥˣϷԺһĳ
ɣɳϷԺһ߿߿˵γɹļжһҪʧ˵Ļǡ
˵Ժһûм˵̧ͷѩޱһۣô˵ĿľԷ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ̧ͷ˶Էһۣһأ΢΢һȣ漴۾˱𴦣ƬԺſ˵׼ô֣ܽԷ֮ԷĻֻŵ˵οԼˣԷδ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ벻ԷȻ˵ĻǺе֮⡣ЦԺ˵ĲõĻпۼңҪĻ㲻𣿡
ѩޱĻشܿ죬һ˵꣬㿪˵ҽڣȫǱ˼˵ʵʵϲֶթķΧΪһ˫ʲôģĳֽǶ˵Ҳһֽѡˣڷҧһڣ˵ܸʲôİɣǺҪеεİɣ
һ⻰Ժ˵ģԲᣬϵĶɶƾʵݵģܰԼϴɾͺܲˣ˵һʲôģǾûпܵġ
һһΪ˰οѩޱǾ£ֻҪյĶڵĻԪҪԼժɾǲܵģ˵ҧһˣֻĻǾ˵ѽġѩޱ˵ģԲò˵һ㡣
һĻԺѩޱŷΪɱԸиΣ뿪ڣⶼν顣һĽĻǾеԽˡ
ڻĹΪʲôֻҪ˽ӣҿ۹ͻڳˣһŮˣˡǱʶ棬Ҷһ뷨ҪǺ˵ĻôȥĶأѵԩ㲻ɣ


һǧһپʮ Ͳȥ
ѩޱһһۣȻ˵һҪʲôĻ㲻ҪееΣֻҪ㻹λϣǾͻϣĻǿɾһҲûˡ
һ⻰ԺһǸжղźѩޱ˵ǷĿһ׼ͺͶĲһ㲻ܹӮԺΣҪأָôأ䲻ĻͲҪģ뿪ûˡ
벻ѩޱȻ˵һ⵹ȷʵеֲԷô˵ԲΪ̽ȷȷʵʵǷĵ뷨˵ֻҪڳгλϣǾͻзΪʤĻᣬĻûз̵Ļᡣ˭˶ܰ⻰˵ģҲѩޱһжĵط
һתͷش˶ԷһۣѩޱĿԺûжͬעһ˲䣬һıԷڻˣִӵÿס˶Էȣ˵ģǶµģң
ѩޱ⻰Ժ¶һ˿΢Цص˵ͷ
¾СԺһѳѩޱ¥µʱ򣬽仺ɲͣˡһԵѩޱֻɫ΢죬˼ʲô˵ѩޱˡ
ѩޱ⻰Ժһ漴ӽһ˵ҪҪȥȡȱ裬Ϣһ£
˵⻰Ժɫˣĵһ㣬Ҳǹ죬ߡмֵֽ̿֯һ𣬿ȥܲԾ
һ˻ٸɫʵҹһȥɵҲܿóζʲôеԺͲѩޱ˿̵ıˣɾǴ˵еܻӭѽ
ҹ˾ɫŮԼҪ˵˲ĵĻֻһܣǾĳĹܲȫһǽ˵ǽ׳ģѩޱҲͻп֮̽⣬˵˿ûоܾĵ˸еȴûдӦԷ롣
һѩޱһۣ˵ѩޱлл㣬ҾͲȥˡӼĵһۣҾ;ǸܲŮˣ˵ϲ㣬ڳҲԽ룬ҺܸлȴܽܣٵȵȰɣȫʮ׼ˣ浽Ǻǣ
ϾֻˣΪֹΣһ⿪һЦ
ѩޱ⻰Ժһ㶣תһ룬˶Է˼˵ʵһɲǣǳжҪ˵֮ǰһЩ뷨Ļһ̣Ķ׼
ŮȽϺߣѩޱ˿̾뷨Ѿ׼ԷĻѾ˵ˣҲ˼ٿˡѩޱؿһͷȥڶԷĴӡһǣȻ˵У½ԺҸ绰
Ĵ̼ĳ˵˱仯׼ȥ̶ԷӣѩޱѾƿ׼ˣָֻڶԷǷβһǸоֻһ֣ˬ
صԺһ뵽һĻʱĳλ˷Ӧҳþöûаͨʽ˱ʾأ˼װװˬûҲ˭أ
ѩޱĿһ뿪Ժֱӽ䡣ϴһСǳʪһƬй֮޲˵֮ʲôҲûôıأǲ⡣
ڶһ磬һ¸ɳŵܾ񸣴һ绰絽İ칫㱨һʱ乫˾Ӫ״ȻˣǾͲҪԥˣФ˵ǰǺ»ģʲôҲɵóɡ
񸣽ӵµĵ绰ԺʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµģϰϣһӾ֪ôӺδˡ
ԴܾλԺ˵ٱ֮ǰţȫԺ֣ʲô²ܾ̫ˣǻ׳ûκ⡣ԼλԺŷеļѡ
֮ǰȻǲɳŵĸ֮һһֱͰȫһ飬Ǵã˵û׵ĶڳΪһˣʲô¶ȥģЩûһͷ䡢Щһˣʲô
Щܱ߸ɱѧĿ˾ĸ̣ͷ۵ľδú쵼֮ĹϵⶫʱˣֻȫԼĥѾΪ⣬Ѿúܡ
ţȫ֮ȪһƬʱΪȻΪԷǻ˾Ǯֺ쵼Ϊ·λˣŷЩǮ㻹治ܲһʱҪĲõĻʵ䷴ѧʴء
ϴΣ˾гԷ˵ĽǶȳǲ̹ŵˣԷԷһ쵼ˣĻǵϰ岻ġ˭֪ƵԺһȻͲ̹һģʱͷˡ׼ǰһ̹Ѿǰ濪ˣܣҰгһҪúþ쵼ѽ⻰Ժ󣬲̹ŵȻ֪㺣½ˡ
ϳԺ󣬺񸣻صԺ»һ¡ʱҪǲ̹ſڵóһ㣬˵üһ㣬ǿɾͳˡ쵼²õӡггĻɾʹˡ
ͨƸܾԺ󣬺ܵͬǸг֮ĲжھƸʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ԺŶ̹ŵʱ͸ɫˣһ赭дذ˵һ䣬Է̬˸ı䡣
˵Ҳ֪̹ôֻΪӶѣıҲԿҲÿһɫ£ɴ˿ɼгͨг֮Ĳɲһǰѽ


һǧһپʮ һͷˮ
ϰһ˼Ժ󣬲㻺æ绰ԺСΣȥ֪ͨλܵҵİ칫ƺۿƵλƳҲһ
ĻԺ󣬵˵ͷ׼뿪͵ʲôƵģ˵ˣ۲ĳ¿ƳȥˣƳɣٶһҪ죬ǽӵ֪ͨԺ
⻰ԺæһѸ˳ȥŲ֮ǰʱӿࡣϰüëˣĶҵǲˣĿǰû뷨
磬һ칫Ժ°ѸݺõĲڰ칫ϣ漴˵ϰ壬ɳŵĺһҾ͹ˣҵİ칫أ㿴ǲ
һ⻰ԺﻹǷǳģ˻ͦصģ֪š˵£ҲΪɣһȴµȰСʱԺ
ôĿĺܼ򵥣εĲɳŵܾôҲأгŲܽġ֮ǰ͹ˣ쵼Ҳ㹻ˣǲģСʱʣҲһôɣ
֪һѾ칫ˣ׼ȥкģԭزҪġʼе㲻̫׶Էתһ׹ˣ¸мѡ쵼չȲشչȥкôĿΪ˱ʾ쵼𾴣쵼ܲ룬ǿˡ
»ص칫Ժ󣬺æվߵ̣ߴкΪᵽ˶Է֮ǰĺ⣬̬ࡣ
½ӹԷӹ̣˵ܣ
⻰ԺŶ˶Է˵ĿǸ쵼ʱʶԺ󣬺񸣸Ӳæʱıһ룬òûеԷĵطгȴԴĪʲôԷ飬ûʶ
뵽ʱ򣬺񸣵żˣֻʶؽճȭһṦ;ʪȫǺ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ˵ܣ쵼ȥأ
һʱԺ˵ˮƽܶࡣöһĳƺ˵Ժõǡ쵼һǳԵĳƺΪʡԼ˵ʱֱϰһʣһûʲôϵİ˵Ļֱ˵гг񸣼ȲԼˣҲİˣѡΪԵ쵼ûκˡ
⻰Ժ͵һȻǳһо²û뿪С칫ңҲûнӵ绰ô֪һùȥأʣ񸣵Ҳûɵ⻰˵վŶԷ˵һллԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
һİ칫ֻ˰Сʱһʱ䣬Ҫ˵ȥʱĻǳʱһͷˮ
ȥ֮ǰԼʲôòλĵط쵼İʱûⷽĹǣΪһϸ˽һ²ɳŽʱĹ״Ժ󣬲û˵ʲôĻ־쵼лɾʲô˼һӻ벻ףһͷˮ
ȻûаҪǰ쵼㲻Ļ´밤ɾͲԶˡ
¿񸣴ϰİ칫߳ԺһãȻһ䣬ܣ̸ˣ
񸣴˿һĪչ⻰Ժ͵ػعˣ˵ϵܣ̫ˣôλ˸ˣˣֵܰæղг˵
˵ʱ򣬺͵ʶʲôæͣ˻ͷߵµĸǰ˵ϵܣпհɣԷɲҪƴѽ͵Ƿһ飬Ժлһ
⻰Ժ֪Էһϰˣ뵽Ҵˡǲɳεܣ̩ҲǵһˣԷԸʽ飬µȻûоܾĵ˼ֵúǰͽᣬʵ˼ҲǸӣǸϰӣܹչԼĻᣬһ㶼ܾ
ˣҲѻ˵ź˵лʢ飬Ҳ֪ģʱû׼ϰҪаŵĻҾͳ鲻ʱˣڻ治ܸһȷеĴ𰸡
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ǶԷҪĿģҪǲ˵Ļ˵˯ˣ붼һסˣɾɲˡ
µȺ뿪Ժ󣬱һİ칫ҡú񸣵ıеŹ֣Աϰ㱨һҪμǣ˵ʾ㱨ţĻ£Ҳ̫ϰһ㶵ŵģ֮˵ѽˡ
칫Ժϰ칫ϵĲ豭ˮȻװӣѺҪԷ˵˳
һЦ˵񸣻ǻѽҾȥԺעһ±ĹרҵһһҪӲŸץ𣬱ȥμѧϰѵ֮ġ׻˵һһѽ
⻰Ժæ˵ϰ壬Ҷˣ


һǧһپʮ ̫
³ȥԺһһ֧̣ߵ˴ǰĽܲƽҪˣҲе㲻ָоֻ˵ʱŻֳǵФѩޱŵ棬Ҳ¶һ˿һǴҵľ֧ҪĻǸˡ
ղԺ񸣵ʱûаѻԷϾˣЩ˵ģŶԷһ뷽跨ظ˼ġͨղµĻ֪ȥĻͷˡ
»Ļݸ񸣣ҲӦеЧֱӺͶԷ˵ȷʵһ£³©ˣֻ˵г˵ģ˵г˵ģ֮䣬űġ
ȻѾΪ²ϧͶԷ˺ˣ֮ǰҪԼĽŸվȣöԷץСӣĻǲȻŴ׳ͽ֣ҪԪ潻Ȼǲܵ顣Ȼ޷ĻǾһҪ׼ˣ޷ս֮ǾСʧȡ棬Ҳ֮ˡ
뵽ԺһԼⳡģ̵̻ҸϰϿʼ칫ˡ
ڶһ磬¾һ㱨Ϻͺ񸣽ϰҲнʱ䣬һЩ뷨ûǱȽ͸ġ˵ϰϺͺһԷǷǳעģĻ첻˼ֱ˵ϵʱҲǰ뿪Ȼϰ£Ȼ뼰ʱ㱨ˡ
µĻ㱨Ժһ룬˵һ£ʲôȷеϢʱһ㱨
벻ϰڴ¾Ȼӣ⻹е֮⡣ղѾϰ壬ԷҪѾȷת溫ˣ£ٸһ¡ϰ֪İˣ˵Ҳʱ䡢صˡ
벻ϰ̩еĳгһ˾ıʲôʱȥĶμѵѧϰ˹ģòôҲ˵ȥѽ벻ףȴ˿ûб¶ˬشӦְ𣬲˵Ĳ˵ʵĲʣ֪ԭûйϵֻҪϰյþˡ
ص칫Ժûת䣬ֱ绰񸣴˹ȥ쵼ָʾöԷ֪Ҳһֱʩѹ쵼Ȼ˹עǵȻԽԽˣͻȻú㡣
񸣷µ绰Ժͷ綷ĸо˵쵼ĥ͸ҪҵĻŽͻĹģúе㲻ҳܡ
Ҳǲ£ȷʵѶȡҪǼ˲μѵѧϰʲôĻף³ʡɳǻĹɳҵϴ󣬺̩д֮ҲϵֻҪͶԷϵһ£˵һ˹ȥʮ˹ȥҲû⡣ĹؼǺ񸣲Ǽˣֻһ˵ȥ˼Ƕѧϰʲôأ
һ磬񸣶ڰ칫ץ޽ʵ벻öŴ׳ȥǶμѵѧϰƵ˺üӦ꣬ػ˼ңҪǲ¸ˣʲô˼Է
صԺ󣬺񸣾ͰԼؽ鷿ѵԴҲûзֽȫΧصѵ
Ÿһѵ࣬ѱ͵ĶѵδҲе̫ˣû취ְǽ
ʱ򣬺񸣶ûɵģҴҰһ뷹Ժ󣬺񸣾ֻص鷿
Ӽ״ɻʰԺһˮƿ鷿װΪɷˮʾʲô¡ʱɷԸԳسΪ˲ɳŵһ֣Ҳںƾɲϣʱɷʲô⣬ԶڶԷ쳣ֺǹġ
񸣱¸Ҫһ˵Ķ󣬼ӽԺȥ˵˶Է
ĻԺ룬Ц˵Ϻô쵼ɳȥѧϰҸطȥˣ˵ܲѧѧٶ˭ȥгܲڵȵѧϰԺ󣬰ҵ칫ȥʰɣ˵ȥʣҲɵʲôҲûѧǳԺˡ˵ǲ
⻰Ժֻǰһ˵úôһг쵼ܹıĹ˵ǸðȫǰᣬҪڱ϶µ㱾ǮԷҪʵܼ򵥣ֻҪŴ׳ṩһѧϰĻˣ˵ȥԺܲѧͲˣǵҵȥʡ
뵽ʱ򣬺ֻȻʵĸо˵ȥѷһȣղûԱٳԵ㡣
żɷ⿪ˣҲܸˣæȥȷȥˡ
ڶʱ½ӵ˺񸣵ĵ绰ԷһжѾźˡϸѯһȷȫԺŹҶ˵绰ȻϰжŴ׳Ϊʲô˹ģȻϰѾˣͱ벻۲۵ذ¸ҪϰʵʲôϸڵʱشǿɾͲٵˡ
µһİ칫Ժ󣬰Ѹղź񸣻㱨ϸ˵˳Է׼ŶŴ׳ȥ³ʡɳѧϰȽı飬ʱҪǱߵİţöŴ׳ӹ˾Ԥ֧һǮѵ֮á
עŴ׳ԭ򣬼Ȼ˵ĻҲơһԶԷŻ൱ģʱ䣬˵ʲôԷǱߵİţ˵ˣʱ䡣㵹öԷײɶˣܲס
һ󣬶˵֪ˣߺܣҲҪ̫æܵ˼и׼ɣҿˡ


һǧһپʮ Բ
ϣһФ̶˾ץ̩Ҫ³ʡȹȻٴԴвСץŴ׳̩УĻϢй¶ȥױһĻץصڹԴΪʵģһҲйǡ
֮ڹԴίǣǱߵĹϵһ̸ڣĿڶ࣬ϢҲһǳͨǱߵĶֵĻױ֪ϢĻһ˵Ҳһ鷳¡
¶Ŵ׳ĿǳԪȥģ֮һԸ⿴鷢ΪίǣҪгʲôĻûκιϸһҲûʲôʡǶ˵ǲϣԪµġ˵֮ƽʱôԸҪ漰ĴʱǻǺվͬһսȥġ
һǰǾ֮Ų֪ԪǵжҪ֪漰°ĻҲֵġĹؼ֪£еˡ飬һȻǰ֮Ȼ޴֪ˡ
Ϊ˺һһڹԴж֡ô˵Ǳ¶Ŵ׳ܱ̩жҪǿʡڶֵĻú³ʡǱߴк鷳˵©ȻǺõѡ
һԺһФ˵ˣҪڹԴжֵĻҾԺһϵһ£
˵ǳ½Фʵ½Դĸֳ1023¾鳵
һ˵ͷȻ˵һץҼŵùֵܣӦòᴫʲôȥ㿴أ
У˵Ǵ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳÿ˶йϵФ˵½Ǵ̾һһģյίӦûʲôϵ˵ⶣһĻӦòȥ˵ġ
ðɣǾ죬ǰһȥԴǱ׼׼ʱٶ֡һ˵
Ф󣬵һ̸֧ԷȻ˵ЩϸϵͲҪˣұ֤ģֻ쵼ǱҪעһѽҵͶŴ׳֮ʲôܵϵҪ֪µ׼
ţߵӦҲǷֹЭɣһɵ˵
Ф˵ҲĵģӶŴ׳αԺԪѸٷӦ֮˵ʲôܵϵֻҪФǱһ֣ΪԪѾ֪ˣʱôӦôӦɣ
һѾ˾ķ֮ǰԷԿܷץҩû¶Ŵ׳֮ǰʸڷϡŴ׳˵ĻǾͲҪȥԪˣʡί¶Ҫˡ
żһһɣϵĲ豭Ф˵ûоƣԲƸһԤףжɹФ⻰ԺҲ豭һһ˶ѱеĲˮһ
ڶһ磬һͽӵʡ칫֪ͨ絽ʡμһΪĹ飬ǿġ֮ǰһֱĸӦԪںˣĻᣬֱӶ㵽ʡȥԷʲô뷨ĻҲˣҲ޴ʹ޴
˵гĴ˻᲻ֱФ鷳Ȼǲ̫ܵġĳֽǶ˵ФûйǸΡԪԪФʩѹԼǲܳಲģĻҪ쵼
ٽ°ʱһг칫ҺͶԷһкֱȥӦˡ
ĵңФ׼ųȥ֮ǰѾͿ׿кˣССڳȻһȥԴͻȻһƵĸ߸ЬôԶһʶ̧ͷֻ칫СŮ첽˹
ФڶʱŮæ˵Фֳ֣ȥİ칫һˡ
Ф˵Ԫüͷһɫ
Ůһ߿ѾȻʱ䲻Ҳ֪λֳ֮ĹϵôǢġФıԺæ͵Ф֣ҸղͲȥֳ칫ңҵġ
ŮȻμӹʱ䲻Ҳ֪ɴܣĵæԼժɾФֳǨŭ
Ф벻⿴ȥʮͷСﾹȻ˾ɵЦǸչǻûһţƾһѧһأôɿЦڵ˿Ҫǻ¹ʶˡǺ»ǻ£һӻ˵
뵽ԺФŮ˵У֪ˣȥɣ
ѾˣФȻٽ칫ˣֱԪİ칫ȥߣĥŶԷʲô顣ԴϴζԷװƣһԺԪûҹ֪׼һһ㲻ĶԷ֪ǵжƻΪ¾Ŀǰֻһ֪׿Ҳֻ֪ҪȥԴ˵ȥʲôҲ
ФԪİ칫ԺζԷûкװƣ̬ȻǳѺáһ֧̣װģ豭װҪΪݲ衣Ф״ȻװƵģŶԷĲ豭Լһ衣
˴ԼʮңԪѹû˵ʲô飬г˼⣬ԼФһۡбҪһģͨһ¹еޣȡѾĹȥ
Ф䲻׶Է«ʲôҩˬشӦô˵ֲЦ˵ĵ֪ġ
Ӿֳ칫ҳФݿȥ˼Ԫղ˵ǷĿġӶԷĻﻰ˼ʾã⣬ƺҲˡֻԷѡʱе㲻ĪԪһʲôԲѡʱʾһȥе㲻ô¡


һǧһپʮ 
Ф˿ѾϾ˼Ԫľʲôˣ֮ǰѾ͹Դйֳָ½Լˣϵʡѧϰʱһ𣬱˴ͶҲȽĵһȥҲϤ
ӳ½Ŀе֪ɫСһģֻûжκӡһŷٵ飬Ƿ֪ġȥǷȥеʱŷʢдǣǸԽԽһӺӵҲԿе˼Զ
Ф뷨ʵԩһ֮ҲСа趹һסĴڣѹФȥϹˣ˭飬ǸȥǵģҲԩˡ
ϽŵʱһŽӵФĵ绰ûסʡָľƵ棬ǻص˼Ժ󣬾ͺӶëë棬СһѾ˵ˣźһӴ࣬ĹϵҲʱ򻹻ְָ״ڵʱʰģ÷Ц
֣ɷڶʱеĲɣǵȱķѺӴԺɷʲô顣ӣһȻûıҪ򵥵Է˵һ顣
֣˵¾ȻǵȥɷõǸԪ㳡йϵһȤһҪɷľϸ˵һֻô̩͵鿪ʼϸ˵˳ֻп⵭ѩޱáŮⷽ涼ȽУɲ¸Լ
ô˵ģûע⵽ʱ䣬ֻʾФĺԺһ˵һͽ鷿ȥˡ֣֪ɷҪæˣȥķ￴һ¶ӾȽˡ
ФһѾͳ½ϵˣѾ̶˾ж衣һ磬½ùԴн֧ӶӵĽǣԲ鳵壬ѶŴ׳ĳȻڲȡжˣټϹԴߵˣӦÿȷһʧ
һ룬Ҳûзʲô⣬Фл͹Ҷ˵绰
˵Ŵ׳ʲôƺǶ٣ʲôʱЩһһҲģΪФ֮ǰŵʱһֱŶŴ׳һһ˵ǵƤӵ¡
ФҶϵ绰Ժмֲƽ֮С̩ҲһʱˣĹ⣬Ҳ˲ٵ飬һʱȭߣо̸ܺԪͥ񣬵ҲܷСˡʱ䣬칫һ㱨вɲ֮ǰ˲٣֪һ˵ŬֲؼĻǵһ
Է취Ļںֳλϻء˵ںһĻϣ˭ҪӣϾֻƼҪһĻǿɱȵ컹ѡϵо⣬ʣµĿԾǼίǻǸгЩɲ˵˵ô򵥣еѶȣˣĻҲԶ̩ܵһ졣
ȻһڵλãôбҪԷ㶨һʱ治˵ФŬΪ˸㶨һйصļ飬νǷѾĻЧȴǳޣԭ򣬳˶ȥ⣬ҲͶŴ׳һзֲĹϵ
еһжѾˣȦҲѾˣҪ£ٳʲôĻФе㲻֪ôһˡϳԷʱ򣬾ܳ½дФ˶ҵҺԺ˵ʲôԸٺˣ˵糿ǳҪ¸㶨ˣרŹԷȾơ
½Է˼֣ϵФڵԹץɷ˵Ҫ̶ȱ֪ˣûټ֡극ԺФ͵Ƶ꣬һԺ󣬾ҪȥֵΪվˡ
ФȻϢƽʱϢûʲôɣ͵һ˯ô磬е㲻̫ϰߣ绰Ӵ˹ȥȺͺһȻٻҵ˺һᣬعҶϵ绰ϴ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬һ׼ʱ𴲣ȴһ绰Ǳ߸ӶŴ׳ľԱ֪Էûأ԰Ȼ֪ԶŴ׳ϰԣ糿̫ܳ磬ҲҴ⣬¶Էһ˷ܵ˯žˣҲû£Ļǿɾͱˡڵ֪ˡ
˵ңФװˣΪյϢŴ׳Ѿ׼·ˡ½ûйý֧һյĸӳ˹ܶӳԺ󣬸Ф˵г⣬ؾֻǴĽƷ˵ǳ¾ְŵġФ⻰Ժﻹܸмģ½ȻܸһĻǲκˡ
֮ǰһһ绰֪һж׵ˣФŴ׳Ǹӣֹмһͬ־עⰲȫФ󣬰ѹԴߵһ㱨
һϢԺ󣬲ų׷
ڳ֮ǰФǶԹԴеļλͬ±ʾ˸лȻǶŴ׳˽ܣᵽ˶ԷèĹжʱһҪѸ٣Ļᡣ
ФԾж˲ãɲܶӳ·彫Ŵ׳ĳ£ȻǰʵʩץԴߵؾѳɢΧ״Ļʱ֧Ԯ
ФĲԺĬһԼλãֱȷûκʱ򣬲ųŶԷ˵ͷ
˶ȷûˣФһ£ϳˡ


һǧһپʮ ѧϰ
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ܵĿĵԺʱ仹磬ФҲҴ⣬ü˾鳵ļƣĳֱôôФ֮ǰõ⣬Ŵ׳ҲһϽˣԱϷݵñһ㣬Ųỳթ
˵ٽƻĺҲ֣⻰ȥƺԵеϣϸҲǺеġôƻҲס˾ĵ׼ʶΣյʱѾ֮ˣܵĻȻǲܵˡФ˿̰׼λˣȶŴ׳ͷƻĺϹˡ
˿̣Ŵ׳̩Դе·ϣٲǺܿ죬ֻҪ֮ǰϵ³ʡʡȪоˣһҲٹһ·̣ҳ˹ԴԺǸˣһҲҪż
Ŵ׳ɲһĺã֮ǰ붼¾Ȼ䵽ͷϣ˵ϲ콵һҲΪ
һʱܾͻȻ绰ȥһ°칫ңҲûзϡԷ½ܾ֮ǰһֱڸܵλϣҹһףڹеȨǷǳߵģЩͶŴ׳ûйϵֻҪñĹûˡ˵пɽˣԷҪŭֱӰ״浽ϰǶȥܾǲ˳ȥ治˵
Ŵ׳ܾ칫Ժ󣬺񸣷ǳݲ裬԰뵽ɳ¡Ŵ׳һĻеܳĸоԴϱԺԽԽϲ쵼ĸоˡ
ϱʱеظоǴκϰǶôرҪĻһǵС˵ܽϱˣ˵۶Ƕơ
Ŵ׳Ȼһֱڽϻ죬Ҳ֪Ķͷ˾ټ˼ҸӣҲûиҪصһлԺ´ͳлһ֧ȥ˳ưԷ˻
񸣶ڶŴ׳ıֻǷǳģǴһпɽıܶصĽǶȳģûпġ֮ȪţȫȨʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ȻѾڱˣʱֻͱûʲôӴ֪Ŵ׳
Ҫ֪ʱڱû˸Ҫһ׳磬ɴ˿ɼжʢǰЩھʱ֮ԲҺҪҲΪԭ
񸣿˶Ŵ׳һۣЦ˵žʱ䱣쵼£ǰȿ˲СĽѽҺ쵼һʱ쵼ǵǲѽ
⻰̽˼һ֮ǰҹȥԻ㱨ʵȴֻΪŶŴ׳ȥѧϰ顣ȻŴ׳г֮ʲôϵһԿ϶һǳĻԷͦһ쵼ţȻҪ֮ùϵĻǿǵ͵˷Դѽ
Ŵ׳⻰Ժ׺ĿˣϰȻ˵ͬʵϻͦġҪ񸣰ʾԷԲ˵һġ
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ʶԺ󣬶Ŵ׳˵ⶼǺܵĹֻͣͼλָܵʾ˵ڵĹѣҳݡ
Ŵ׳ѻ˵һ㣬κһ³͵һҪǡ˦治һ׵飬˵ƺԼúǱŤڳ˴㶵
񸣴˿̹ĵĲǶԷ˵ǷǻеݣźǶŴ׳ĻûҪϢԷû˳Ļ˵Ҳ쵼ġ
ʶԺ󣬺񸣷ֲöԷԼ˼·⡣һ£˭һɽ콫ߵģǲǵڱظ쵼鷳ҪǱ쵼֪˵ĻǲԼҲ
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Ŵ׳⻰Ժ󣬳һ֪³ʡɳžʡȪУǶһȫ֪γУȪˮ¡Ҫ˵ĻȻûʲô⣬ֻһεıȥѧϰһǿʡģ˾̫еСˡ
Ŵ׳ϸ˼һø˵ĻҪ˵ͷͰˣҪܻͷѹСЬǿɾеòʧˡԴӵϱԺ󣬶Ŵ׳ѾˣԺһˣٸ֮ǰɱɱ͵һˣѻ˵ˣú񸣸ʲôģɾ̫ԩˡ
Ժ󣬶Ŵ׳Ժ˵ܣǲе̫ɶˣֻһССıԼڵˣûҪȥôԶĵطѧϰʲôİɣǲеʲôСˣ
Ŵ׳˰죬Сﻹе㲻ǲ˵ˡ


һǧ ͣ
Ŵ׳˵ǰʱ򣬳һΪȥ³ʡѧϰһ²أΪ֪ھŸһרŵıѵ࣬ĪǴǸ⡣ȶŴ׳ȫ˵ʱ򣬲֪ղԷˣ˼ҸûǸ˼
輸ϵеһ֧ȥЦ˵ž˵ɾе̫ǫˣⲻǹ˾˼Ҳ쵼˼Ҷɶѽ
ʶһ̽Էĺûᣬٴΰѻǣ쵼ϡ
Ŵ׳ҲɵӣԷڶᵽ쵼ˣһϰȡģǼȻĻûбҪͺ񸣿ˡŴ׳һŨԺЦ˵Ҿ͹ˣл˾ѧϰĻᣬȻԺһʵ쵼㱨ѧϰǰ
Ŵ׳ɵӣ񸣻ﻰ⣬ᵽ쵼Ȼ׶ԷĿģҲ˶Էһŵڸղ˵쵼ֵʱôĿľΪ˸߶Է˵쵼ָĲǺɳŵܾǱġ
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Է⻰Ժ󣬶Ŵ׳˵ҲңȻҲ֪Էνĸջǻǵ˾ϵģΪܾԷ˵ǾǸˣҪǻ֪Ļǿɾе㲻ʶôˡ
Ŵ׳뵽ʱ򣬺Цģ͸ǰȻԪĺҲģģǶڼ˵ĳϣʱ㣬һõļܾǰĵģ˷֮ƣǸоȫͬĿеŮй֮޲
Ŵ׳߿ϲ֣һжԣֱֻȻεĸоҲ벻еȻҲ䵽ͷϵӣҪúϧ˭ԸкӲȥɱɱģǲǳԱ˳
Ŵ׳оеˣǰѿյһͷڶ׼ʱһ紵ϣ֮ˡ
ۿǰ͵һˣŴ׳ͻȻ򼱣Χİݺᣬ̣;͵ؽˣǲһɲѳ·߿ȥ
ԼڰСʱǰФ˾ȫעعע·ϵĳˣһɵ֣һҲҴ⡣ڶŴ׳ĳʱФ͸ԶѾԷˣߵĿ׿˵ע⣬Ŵ׳ˣ
⻰Ժ˵񾭶ˣλ鳵Ľǰһ˻֣ʾֱӿȥ˾Ϊڽˣ˲٣벻λ徹Ȼˣʵ̫ˣæһţͻͻǰʻȥ
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⻰Ժ˵עеһ֮ɫСϡ
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⻰ԺæͷæŲ鳵ˣؾҲװģذżФ״ŷԶŶ濴ȥŴ׳ӳ﹡ȥʱһԿ׿˵û£Ӧͣˮģô׼ֵʱһҪмǣһƵУֵܸĻᡣ
׿⻰Ժ󣬴˵һǣתȥˡ
Ŵ׳˿ߺСˬطˮ⡣ڹ·߷ˮһҲΪ⣬׻˵úã򲻿ˣ򲻳ɣֲŮˣ治͵ġ
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ǰڸɵĶһЩ˵Ĺ¿ľǾˡѾϴĸˣ֤Ԫģʻ֤Ҳǣ˵Ǿ͸ûˣ仧ڲɳţڹڱ˵̾ҲûҪ£ڿǴ˾в쵼ɲյǸӷû˿ˣղſñģϰԵ뵽ǲǸöһ㣬ع˵ı԰ɣ
Ŵ׳ӳ˴⣬Ȼһţֱű
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Ŵ׳ǰڽܼ飬ѳɲͣﰵЩһ׼ֳ̽·ˣǿɺޣ
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Ŵ׳ĳͣԺֳ˶һӶԷıֿĿǰΪֹԷûзʲôǶԣûбõĻˡФͿ׿ССȫ䱸ؾҲͬķɢȻǵĶǳΣԲ鳵ڻԲ֪˾Կ
ڿ˵¾㱸ֻǷˣŶŴ׳ĳ˵ﶼý


һǧһ ж
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³Ժ󣬶Ŵ׳ʱɵˣϣһ׶ߵˮҪԽȥȻûκ⣬ԽȥأܲӰɣԣӣԼˮԻǺмŵģ̧ž׼Խȥ
ڶŴ׳ФͬʱҲʶ˳ˣѶԷʶһˡȻʶŴ׳Ϊֵĸֳ̩Ҳһڼ϶ԷԪйģԼпʶ
ʶԺ󣬹ȻŴ׳ѳɲͣ漴ƿ˳šФû˿ԥȵж
˵⻰Ժһֻɽͻһ˳ȥ
ФøлŴ׳һ˲ĳɣǶ̶̵ļӸ϶ԷĻᡣŴ׳˫ץס˵ʱѾϵ˶Էǰ̧ҽųŶԷĿ貿˳ȥ
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׿ԺʾСźС
Ŵ׳ֱԺ㻺һץˣʲôҲûѽˣˣ
һҪĻҲãȺڱһɤ˵ס·ϣôҲЧġ˵˾˳м߻ӳȴԲߵǰµġǰһĻ˭֪¾ץأֻſֵ˼Χһ£˶ѡ
ФԷʱȻˣۣߵǰ˵žңӦʶɣĻղžûͻȻӳ׼ˣûбҪռˣ㲻øղһѾʱ
Ŵ׳Ф⻰Ժ󣬹ȻȻֻһѣͨתͿԿӶԽأȻҵʱԺФ˵Фֳ̩˭˲ʶѽҿʼΪأǹԴеĵؽˣФֳôᵽ𽻾ˣٺ٣ǹѽ
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ˣŴ׳ǲģٳ̽һǧ˶ԷĵھĹüˣɲꡢָתȦ֪ͰѴȥˣԲġ
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뵽ʱ򣬶Ŵ׳͵һǸŮˡҪҵ־ĻͲкһϵе飬ճʱǸŮȴһ˼һ㣬ȻѾĻѰңջһ
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Ŵ׳˵⻰ͬʱФ˶Ǹͬʱֳһ޹
ФԷʱװɵ㲻׼ٺˡŶŴ׳˵žҲڵģ֮ǰģ̨ϵģǼ˵ģ˵Ӧòʲôɣ
˵⣬Фͣ٣˵˵Ϊʲô㣬Ҹô£ӣӦòİɣ⿴ǹϴֻܰȥˡ


һǧ ϰ
Ŵ׳ԺԭˣǺǻҧˡʱ˵úúõģǰεҲѶԷˣڿЩƨ磬˵˾ˡԷȥŶ೤ʱͰˣ̸ʲôεⲻǵ͵ĺ˵˵
뵽ʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ŭӣ˵Ϲˣôôֵܣ
˵ӰģŴ׳֪ˣǳԽȥˣ鶼ǺӺһɵģԷȻ˭ָʹģһһ򲻻ǴˣǾԲܵġФ˵棬ҲͲòҴˣôģϾô˵ˡ
Ŵ׳⻰ˣҪҲú㣬ЩɶĺģߣФŭ˵
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˵⻰ԺФԷڵĻᣬԿ׿˵Ҵߣ
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ʱһ극صȿõķ䣬˰ı棬˵ˣһ֧̣׼򿪵ӣϵֻͻȻһФĺ룬æ˽
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Ф˵һ䣬͵ҵĺϢɣ漴Ͱѵ绰Ҷˡ
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ڽ᳡֮ǰһӵФĵ绰ԷѾˣظϵ·ϣĻٽʱܻصˡһ󣬶Ф绰ֻһ£Ҫ̫ȫһ
ϢԺһ׷ˣֻرգĵزμӻȥˡ
ϣԪڼӦμӵӦ꣬Ҳ岻Ƶˡûκ⣬׼ȷ˵ڵһˣǾǶŴ׳ԴӶԷ˲ɳŵıԺÿһͻͨһ绰ԪŴ׳߹Էͻ¼ܸ绰ʱ绰Էϵġ
ԪŴ׳绰¼һ㶼ѡĵӵʱǸʱ̸˲࣬ϸѯһ¶ԷĽ֮ʱǿͶŴ׳ϵʼվöԷʲô飬Ŷһۡ
һµʱûзʲô쳣ԪҲеиⶼһûкͶԷϵˣڰ칫ҵʱ͵һǲרںͶŴ׳ϵֻһ绰ȥʼʱ򣬵绰ͨģȴû˽ӣٴʱ򣬵绰ػˡ
Ԫû飬Ŵ׳ֻأʮСʱػҪǱͶԷϵڰ칫ҵʱԪ;е㲻ˣصԺֵһԷֻˡԪԤпܳˣ漴ǿԼ侲ϸһԲߣʱǧȡʲôȴļпٲ
Ŵ׳ֻʱФĳ棬ǹػ״ֻ̬ûˣصˡ뱳ãΪʱ򣬶Ŵ׳ֻʾǡϰŴ׳ǻƣȻϰ壬Ǻдʲô׽͸Ϊ˷ֹݾߣֱӰֻصˡ
ڷ쳣Фȥ˵绰룬ûеǼ֤룬Ҳ˵ֻϲҴ绰˵вͨġФ룬ǾʱȽһţȵʵĻóʱ򿴶Ŵ׳ν͡
ԪֻԺʹԼĴ侲Ƕһش飬ȹ־ǴλҪ󣬸вΪϴû֪˭εĿǰΪֹ˵һĨڣҪ֪Ķ飬뵽ǶŴ׳ڶԷˣһ治֪Ǻˡ
ڳļεľԿˣԪʵûа취ˣֻôһ绰Կļ
Կҵ˵ոյңأϰһ绰Ҫ˵Է£ҲͣԿûкŶֻͣ˵ϰм£̳ȥһˣֻлٳˡžе뷨뵽г飬ҲҶ˵ʲôƤݸϹȻźЬȶԷԺкӳԷ
Կ֪ʲô飬Ժһ⳵ϰϡ
һ·ϣԿģԪƢȻ̫ãͻ𣬲Ҳһŵ㣬ǾֻҪؼԺ󣬾ͻٸԿ绰ˡԿôʱ黹ǵһ˼롣


һǧ üĿ
ԪԺ󣬶ԷȥɳһжŴ׳ˣ˵ʲô˵ҵԺ⻰ԺԿ÷ǳ⣬ȣԷҪ˵Ļһ绰ͿԸ㶨ˣͷĶõȥ˵ģΣɳŵܲɽأһгôˣһССıʲôأ
ɻԿʲôҲûʣԷҪԺվֱȥ
ߵԪſڵʱ򣬿ĳͣſڣųأǲǺϰһ³Կףɽصľ벻תһ룬ԿǷͷ
ϰҪѳĻһҪ˵ڲûκαʾǾû㡣£һĻòǵϰһٳαأ
ԿԿԪȷʵȽ˽⣬֮ûöԷعȥ𲻱Ҫ鷳൱˽ҳ̩ʶ˿ɲ֮Կȥǲñ֪飬ҪǶԷȥˣǻֱӴ绰أ
Կ뿪ԺԪһֱ鷿ûгһ֧һ֧ûϨ
㽫һСʱԺԪŽӵԿĵ绰Էڵ绰ͷ˵ǸжŴ׳ıȥزμѵȥˡԪ⻰ԺæԿԷȥĶμѵˡ
Կ⻰Ժ󣬶ʱ˵ղϰжŴ׳ҵԺöԷһȥڶԷȻѧϰȥˣʲôҪȥ˽ȥĶѧϰأϰѯʣȻͻشˡ
ԪԷ֧֧ģŻͲŭ˵˵˶ٴˣһҪհǰ˺󣬱ͷ룬ǡˣȥһʣȥĶμѧϰѵˣסҪĵص㡣˵⻰ԺͰѻͲһңֱӹҶ˵绰
ԿһͨԺƵ˼㣬ֻٴ˶Ŵ׳ھӼҵš˭֪һ˼˼ңûܸ⣬ֻһ˼ҵ˺񸣵ĵ绰룬Էһ绰ȥѯʣŸŴ׳ȥ³ʡɳţһ͹ȥˣʱӦõˡ
Կ񸣵һлŹҶ˵绰漴Ԫ˹ȥ
񸣹Ҷϵ绰Ժڿվ˺һᶼûлعʵе㲻Ŵ׳Ǻηʥгǹգȥμѧϰͺ˲ˣгô˾Ȼ绰ʶԷ٣ֱûˡ
һ̣񸣴⣬ȶŴ׳ѧϰԺһҪúһģţ뽫չ˺ˣĻָʲôأ
ԪӵԿĵ绰ԺԷһģҲԼ̫ˣŴ׳ֻȥ³ʡߵʱǴˣֻûˣȻû취绰ˡһͺ³ʡɳǱϵһ£ԷǲȥǱߣܵĻúͨ绰ܳ׷ˡ
Ȼһ٣ٶظԼʲôҲûУԪڴȴôҲ˯ţһطȥģŶˡٽʮʱԪʵͲסˣ˿ѵ绰һʱ򣬲ϴȥµ˯ˣ˯Ժ󣬾һΣȫجΣǱ׷ɱ֮ûһ¡
εŴ׳𿳵ʱԪ˹ȫ亹Ҳͨͨؿ
ͷϵ͹ڣž˲٣ʱгȫ˸ҹ費֮ܺĶԺȥԡһ裬ž˲٣ʱ仹磬¥緹ȥˡ
Ԫ칫ԺԿ˽߶ԷеҪһСʱ֮ڣ˭
ԿϰһеֵֹģΪ飬Ҫһϰô˵ôôǧҪȥԿӦһϰûˣ˳ȥ
ԪԿŹԺ绰ͨѶ̨ҵ³ʡɳŰ칫ҵĵ绰룬漴㲦ԺԪͣͷĶ뵽ð칫ҵĵ绰ȥһҪʲôĻⲻǵڲ
ʶԺæѻͲ£ӳóǲרźͶŴ׳ϵֻż¼ĺ벦˳ȥǶŴ׳ģûκϢʹõʱûκι˼ɡ
绰ͨԺ˺һ󣬽ӵ绰ŮŸʲô˼Ҳȷʵܹӵ绰Ůһôѧϰأһʡģ˵ȥƺûšŮпյʱ򣬰ȥʡ
Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬼ˣ쵼ģȻ֪νпյʱʲô˼æŵ绰˵λС㣬һҪæ磬ۿͲˣ˵仰ֻػˣΰæллллˣ
ʱҪ߸˽Ԫ˵һһģʱ߸ϵгˣ˵ĵ˵ģ
ŮԪĻˣŵ绰˵Уţ绰ҪѽͰȥ
Ԫ⻰Ժŷһĸл
ڵȵ绰ĹУԪᵽʲôж꣬ǰԼķӵʱ䣬ԣֱСʱѰŮٴڵ绰ʱԪһ
Էڵ绰ͷ˵ιι㻹ǾлҪ˵
ԪԷӣȻһʲôղſںߵﲻĻͦõģæŵ绰˵أ鷳ˣлл


һǧ 
ԪĻ˵꣬Ͳʹһ³˵Ǿôѽ˵һ˹ѧϰˣôһֱ˶ûеˣôҲȴһкɣ
⻰ԺԪŻһ˼ͳŵ绰˵λ˼գ
ӱͷŭ˵ܳ壬Ԫ֮ǳҲ˼ټˡ˵ˣ˼Ҳ˵һ˹ѧϰҲҹ˾֮䳣еΪղֻΪ˱һͷķŭˣֵ̫ĻǾе˵ȥˡ
绰ͷĬ˴Լʮӣٴ˵Ǳߵ˵׻ˣҪǲĻȷ˵һҲػѽ㣬ҺΪѽ
ԪԷ˵ˣæ˵ǲ˼̩вɳεܾ񸣣Ҵ绰ʵһ¹ǹ˾Ŵ׳ͬ־ģڻûе˾
Ԫһ񸣵ӣ˿ӦΪʵˣĻԷһӵġ
ȻԪϣ˵⻰Ժ󣬶Է̬Ⱥ࣬ڵ绰ͷ˵ԭǺܣǲ˼ѽҸղŵ̬е㼱㲻ҪѽʱģСӵǱߵĶžģϰԺСңûǵĶžһ׼绰ȥأǡʹ绰ˡ
Ԫһ࣬ҶԷ˵Ŵ׳ڲ³ʡɳǱߣȥĶأ˼֮ʣٴδ˶Է˵ιܣɹžʲôѽôᡭ
˵ʱ򣬶Էͣ˻ͷе˼Ѿˣ˼˵Ŵ׳˲סҲѹ˼ô˵˾氲ѧϰӦȴûй˵ȥĶˣ޷ǾǳԺְɣܲ˼˰ɣ
ԪԺæ˵ǲ˼ھȥһ£ô£һ绰
˵ԺԪ͵ʲôƵģĿڵɣֹ¶ǵһᣬ㲻һ绰һ£ʹҰ칫ҵĵ绰ȥǵʱȾƣˣ
˵⻰Ժ󣬲ȶԷشԪҶ˵绰֮˵öԷϢݸɳǱߡȻѾ֪ȴ񸣴绰ĻԷĲɣױ¶ͶŴ׳֮Ĺϵ
Ԫһ֧̣̱ɳϣľƣĿǰΪֹȻܲŴ׳ʲô£һԿ϶һǳˣĻ糿ȥ³ʡɳˣ˻ûе
ڶŴ׳ԸǺ˽ģȻմǻݣʱ򣬾ô׵ĻֻһֿܣǾǳˡ
ʶʱԪͷƵ˼㣬˭Ŵ׳ΪʲôڸΪͶŴ׳гĻǵûʲôõĵģϾǣͷϡ˼ҸŴ׳ֻһӣʵʵĿԪ鷳ɾʹˡڱ˵ȥ˭㲻ûбƵˡ
һ֧̳鵽һʱԪöԲߣڲܶŴ׳Ϊʲô£ǰĵһҪҪҵֻҪҵˣͺðˡ
Ԫʣµİ̻Ҹ绰زһȥ绰ͨԺԪ˵ҵİ칫һ£ţԣڣһҪᣬĻҪҵҪʮӣ㣡
˵ԺѻͲӶȡ۵һ£˻棬֮ɫԪһڰ칫ҴʱһҲںФͨ
Фֱ賿ʱ򣬲ȥһᣬԺ󣬿ʱˣæһ绰һ
һ˿ڲ᳡·ϣ绰ͳһФĺ룬æߵһȥˡڳ֮ǰ׼Էһ绰ĶԷ˯ʶŴ׳ûдڶԷˣȻҵ
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绰ͨԺФȲ˵һˣȻû£Ŵ׳ѾٽıԵˣ֮ţĳܹ־ء賿ӵʱ򣬻һȥѾˣҪĽôţ׼ȵִԺٷܹʱһԽ¡
һ⻰Ժܿģæ˵У㿴Űɣⷽ棬רңҵĻͿԽˣʮҾͿԸϵʱǼ˵
ãҾȹˣټФ˵
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ첽᳡ȥ֮ԼŻȥΪ糿͵뵽һ⣬ǾԪֶŴ׳ˣͨԪĻӦúܷܿ١ҪǵǸʱĻФǾԶסģ뾡ϻȥãµĻҲ԰ФԸԪԪ
żһȴ٣λɽ֯ٿйؾù̸ᡣҪмһֲμӵģԪϴ̩ʡԺе㲻˼ǾһӹμˡΪֹʡ֮ǰҲԤ룬ʡ칫˵岻ãóгӲμӻ顣
һԺ󣬿жһгӹģһ֪ôˣ£ҲٵĻǲǵڰѻɽ˵ֻˡ


һǧ 
ԪҶϵ绰Ժ󣬱ڰ칫ⲽ͵ؿϵĲ豭ȻһҲʣ˹ȥֶ豭׼ڲ衣
豭ԺһҲûУʶûвˮʱһŭ𣬿첽ߵſڣԺ󣬳ŭȵԿԺһصһŹˡ
Կ˿ڰ칫װģؿļֻ۾ȴ⣬ϰǲ˽İ칫ҡóϰ鲻ˬһҲҴ⣬һֱӴϰİ칫ȥʱóԲ˶ˡ
Կȫעſ֮ʣͻȻϰһȣûĶҵæվڰ칫ȥԿߣ룬۾һҲûи뿪ſڣѵ˻ȥˣǴˣѵǷɽȥĲɡ
ԪˮԺԿ˳ص칫ԺƵ˼㡣Ϊ˽ȥˣϰŻ˭֪ô¡ղŶԷȵһΪ豭ûˮˡ
ԿԺ󣬶ԷͷһͨҪǷĻõҲԩľΪ쵼ˣϰ屭ûˮˣûܼʱ֣Ҳʧְһֱ֣ĻҲÿе̫ԩˡ
ղԪйȥ˵Ҫκ˽Ҫ顣ȻϰҪ飬ԿȻܽȥˣڶԷȻַͷûмʱˮǵ͵
ԿƵ˼㣬ȥԪ˵ĻǽһӣҲҡԷǰʱ˵ģæξͰųȥ£˵ˣҲ³ֱʵȥ
Կ֮ʣͻȻǰӰһ̧ͷһֳԪͷ󺹵վſڣͷأԿ״æվſȥͬʱӲǴһ˿ЦԪ⣬ǹֳϰĸټð˸ӲܴŵݵݣԿ˿ĵ
ԿԪ˵Ҫϰʱ򣬿ʼмԥԷ˵ϰ绰ģĶа㵡æŶԷڰ칫ȥԿ߱룬ջǾԪһ䣬ԷϾǹֳʵְԺҪ·ŵĻҪ̶Էֻ֧֣ĻᣬȻҪá
ԪԿ˵ϰ鲻̫ʱҲ΢΢һղŽӵԷ绰ʱ͸оˣ˭ǷٿûƵġԿһ˵ӳԽˣֳǰݵģɵˡ塱ǰǾʲôҲˡԷ䲻ڶ֣ҪǹЩֱ
ԪԿһлԺСƿг칫ҵš
ԿԪ˵ͷذԺ󣬾ͻԼС칫ҡǲҪԪݱȥ뵽ϰղŭڵļƣ뻹ˣǵ͵ǲ𣬶
ԪֻʮҾͳˣԿһкԺ󣬾ͼҴҵ뿪ˡԿŶԷԴæĽŲɻû˵ʲôѽϰԪֳôһɴģ
Ԫ֮ԳΪԪĸͶŴ׳кܴϵѶԷг˵ġʱԪίмôԷΪгҲˮǴ߳˹ֳԪͶŴ׳֮飬䲻˵ȫҲ֪һ߰˰ˡϰ˵Ŵ׳ˣζʲôˣеļ֪֮
ԪӰ칫Ҽææ߳ȥԺԪԷſһ㡣Ҫǹֳûа취ҵŴ׳Ļ˸ǰ״˿̣Ȼ֣Ҳ֪޲ֻӲԼ֧ԺԪҵ԰һ㣬̵̻Ҹվȥ
Ԫеָߣһ㲻ߵǽȴŷǳǿҵԸߵԺ󣬿Ŵ۵⣬Ԫúǻۣ˶Ժ󣬲Ÿ¸ӡһθоվڰ칫¿˾֮СͻȻԪĳ˿ʻȥǰһС׼̽ͷȥ
ֻ˵һʵʵװ˴ϡԪžѹţ̧ۿ˿Ǵò˵๤ܸΣⲣúûһ㣬ѹղһСľײȥ
Ԫץס˴Ѵ¿ԺǷˡ
Ԫϼ£Сʱȥݡݼס¥ϣĵʱһߵ˴ߣ̽ͷ¿ʱݼҵĺӴһѡԷֻЦ˭֪ȴһʱ۴Ժͷǳ¸ߣֻȴûжκ˵Ŷ֪ܡ
ԪԥãջûƿɲСϳʲôг¥ţĻ˿ɾ͸ˣŮһӶ̧ͷ
뵽ʱԪͻȻһŨŨĺ֮⡣һһеũСӳɳΪһ֮Ҫ˵ûиŬȻǲܵ顣˵֮ǰسίǵʱ򣬾ίǣҲûʲôģҲǷڵʱյʲôġ
ԴӵгԺرڸԪ㳡ʱʶ֣һˡԹ־׼ȥʡί淢ʱ򣬸ͷԷȣöŴ׳˰˶ԷŮյ˶Է
ÿµʱԼе㲻⾹Ȼ顣֮ƫԭȵĺվʻηһҲûСȵԪȴ͸һɱ˵ĺ⣬ɢȫ䲻


һǧ ˭֮
лΧ˰̨С
Ժһûκͣϳֱ̩ϡһ·ϣĳٺܿ죬䲻ϰ弱Ÿϻȥʲô飬һԿ϶Ǿһ鷢ϰ岻緹˲ϳֱȥġ
ԺһûκֱͣûѳϵʻȥУФͨһ绰֪Ѿˣ֯ѶܿӦþͻϢˡ
һ⻰Ժ̤ʵһ㣬Ŵ׳ҲΪԪһˣֻ棬Ϊ˶ԷԼȥŲȥôɵ顣
Ф˵һ߸ϣҲһ֮ǰѾӵԪĵ绰ˣԷĶأǲƣһѣԸȥˡ
еƺô򵥾͹ȥе㵣أڵ֪һˣһࡣʲô飬һҲ䶥ŵģֻҪһ˼ѶŴ׳ͽ¾ˡ
Ԫ˿г칫СʱæµȻδֶŴ׳ĶôҲһüĿˣصعг㱨ѾʶµĸˣҲԷʾ˼
Ԫ뿪Ժֱȥ˽֧ӣͨԳˡʹŴ׳ĳһͳҹ˾ýֱԴжȥ˵ԪӦðעŵԴԼ³ʡļȪУȴ֮鿴·ļ¼
Ԫ֮ȥԭģԶŴ׳Ƿǳ˽ģԴͶԪԺûгȥڹԴԼ³ʡµĿԲ󣬵ȻҲųһЩż¼糵êˣʲôģٶпܵġ
ΪЩĻԪûкõĵġǱ֮˽ŶŴ׳ҪǵԴΪ鷳Ƿ⣬ġĳ̶ֳ˵ϣŴ׳һʲô״ԵĻһ˰ˡ
ĳ㣬Ԫϸµؿ¼һСʱԺ˷֡Ŵ׳ĳֻص̩оڣֱϵʻȥˣǰȻֵФĳ
ԺԪֻͷ˵һ£һֱĵȻǷˡŴ׳ǱФˣ˲ĻӦϵ־档
Ϊȷһ绰ФֹԷֱۣӿżɽʶԷĶءФĻشԪ֮УԷֻ˵أȴԸ͸¶λá
Ҷϵ绰ԺԪ˼Ƭ̣վԪ㱨Ŵ׳ѾԷˣǶԣ˵֣֮һҲҵ飬㱨
ԪԪĻ㱨ԺӣȻǾþõسĬһ֧̳꣬ûлع
ԪԷԺеûˣؿ˵壬壬ǸáôأҪٲȡʩĻǿɾѽ
Ԫ̩йֳʵְһжԪȻҲͶ֮ң֮˿˵һϵơŴ׳ǣԪĻԪҲкùӳԣԴ˿̴һͬ˼
ԪʻԺԪ̧ͷݺݵ˶Էһۣŭ˵ͷ鵽زô죬Ķ֪ô졣ǰ㻹ңФСʱھܰھȻ飬㻹һ֪Ҫʱǿ˺ͶŴ׳ϵĻ˼ǿ»֪ôأͷѾĻϹֳλãҳģϹˣ
ԪŭԺԪ˵ˣͷ̧ȷʵˣѹֶԷ޲óԼ͡
ǰʱ䣬Ф˲־֪ģ˶һ󣬺ֲûвʲôóԷˣҲûٵ¡벻Фһֱûз֣һֱ׷鵽Ŵ׳ˣ治ˣԪԺĶҿڡ
ԪԪԺ⸱ǲһ֮ǰǺ˵ôˣ˵ѽڸô죬ǰѶŴ׳Զ죿
ҡг㡭ԪֹԪ˵뷴Է䣬ֵг˼쭣תһ룬ѵߵĻָ˻ȥ
ԪԪһۣһϰȥͷͷϵ컨壬Ƶ˼㡣Ҳ֪ʱԪκ⣬ҪǲйһǶµûš
ԪͬʱԪҲڵ˼㡣Ҫ˵ԪûФĵϸʧְĻҪȶԷࡣ
ФֻһССĹֳָҪ˵ԪĻ֮УԷһ֮ĻǾе˵ȥˡ˵һǧһһССĸֳôгаأ
鷢չزɵҲóФֻǿ·ȷ棬оˡФ˭ˣ̩м˲֪˲ģһݵĺģ֮Ĺϵ֪
仰˵ѹһģ֮ǰΪһ֮Ȼһ֪Ҫ˵ԪûпסФ˴ĻѾѼˡ˼ѾˣȻһ֪Ķ˵г峤
ԪԪıԺһԷĻǷˣֻҪһʯȥöԷ̨¾ˡʶԺͦͦظ˵壬㿴ô죬ֻҪһ⸰ǡ


һǧ Ƥë
Ԫ⻰ԺһжܶԷ֮ǰʲô£˵ĻĿɲ˭еġ˶ԷһۣȻ󿪿˵Ȼܼǲ·úһ£Ȼȷô졣
Ԫ⻰Ժ֣صص˵ͷȴһϲԤϵһԷû׷ȥ˼ˣҲһ١ʱ˭˭Ѿûκˣؼľθ㶨ǰ飬˳ȹѹزΪؼġ
ԪʵһҲøжԪûʲôϵĻ£˵ʼˣԶԶض㵽һȥôҲûа취Ƥ֮ëɸĵǶġ
˺һûҵͷǲһФǵ龿˶٣ܹؼȴ޴ӵ֪ԷֻǸݺӵĽ¶Ŵ׳ģʱ̫ĶĻױ¶ǿǰʯͷԼĽأ
Ԫһ֧̣ͳԺ󣬳Ԫ˵ѽڶ˵ǳؼвĻ룬ʱȲҪܣȰѶŴ׳İӽֹһоǵ֮ˡ
Ԫ⻰Ժص˵ͷҲôģܶԷ֪٣¶Ŵ׳ʲôĿģֻҪⰸӽӹһоˮʯˣֻǡ뵽ʱԪ̧ͷԪһۣһ֮ǾĹ˼˵ѾΪؼʱҲ˲ʲôˣ˵Ԫǰûʲôԡ
ԪһŨԺ󣬿˵壬ФⰸӽӦûʲô⣬Ҳ֪˼ҲпɽģһλֵĻɾеɶˡ
Ԫ˼ȷֻһֳҪʰµĸֳĻȻûκ⣬ҪǳгֵĻǾͲܸĶˡ⻰ҲǸԼһ̨ףһФҪǲӵĻ˵Էһơ
ԪȶԷ˵ԺͲҪģ˳ĻֱӸҴ绰бҪĻԹȥ
ԪɵӣȻóԪ˼漴ȷĴ𰸡˵һΪ˸ԷһŶ裬һ棬ǣ棬Ϊϧκ˺Ƥ˵һ֮ţҲ˿ԥ
ԪԷ˸ҲͷˣФֳӣܲгӶɣĻţˡԷûʲôҪ˵ˣվ뿪ˡԪô˵컨׹û壬Էصжˣ˳ɹѹأ˵ƾһøҲûпܡ
ԪٴγԺԪ㰲һ㡣־˭ˣеķʸȥ㡣ĵľһõʵڵ֤ݣһĻɾͱˣֿƺ
־ԺǸп䵽˽ֵϣΪŮˣ˵ɷѿģһֱ컹һҪ˵һô̵ʱҵԷӶԷõǸԪе㲻š
ԪĿԾһѩޱ˽⵽ľȻͨʳ˶Ŵ׳Ȼݾߣһǲлɳˡ
ǰԺԪԷһģڶԣŴ׳ȻһΪؼĵ㣬һﻹеĵġԷĻк棬£Ŵ׳ˮ˲Żôȥɡ
ȥԺԪˣĿǰ£Ӧòʲô£ҲͿԸˡ뵽Ӧûôģ˵᲻ָĿˣǾͲö֪ˣҲԪֹԭڡֻаȫԼУܳ׵ط
ԺעּеһϡôҲ벻־Ȼ֮ݣΪͶԷ֮䲢ûʲô̫ĳͻԷһ־ȻҪأʵ̫ˡܹ˳صĻһҪöԷÿߣϻΪǲèأԪ޺޵
Ԫܵҧг֮ʱͻȻƵԪǲˬ˵˭
ϰ壬ʱ䲻ˣȥԣǡԿվſСʵ
˵ʵʵڲԸʱ⣬Ѿʮˣϰڰ칫ҾȻûжҪٲһµĻƺе˵ȥӲͷƤ߹ŵġ
Ԫ⻰Ժﲻˬ˼㣬ŭ˵ԣԣ֪ԣȥ
Կ⻰ԺƣԼļ˼ҳԲԹƨ£ǳԱ˳šﲻˬ˼㣬ȴκα¶ͷش˳ȥ
ԪԺûлؾֱϵȥ֮ǰѾ˶Ŵ׳˿ϵĻФһҲǶֻԳˣĻ˭ȥá
ΪȷһʧԪ֧ذӵĴӳ¾һ绰öԷ˺һȥϵԼ̩̳ǰС㳡ȡǾֳԴĵ绰ذӵ˵ȻҵԪǶʱѾͣǶˡ
ԪԴ˻ǱȽģûͣ³Ժ󣬱㻺ǰʻȥ˵һʮ쵼ͷ¾ҲǼֲ֣æ˳ӽԪڹһֱǷǳǿƵģذĽ֮²ųں¾ǰǾһǳǿƵĴڣڵҲ֮аɣ


һǧ ֳĽ
Фӵ׿绰ʱһھϵҵһСԷ
һԷһı飬֪һǳʲô飬ǵȶԷҶϵ绰Ժæʵôˣʲôˣ
׿ڵ绰˵Ԫˣ˼ҪѶŴ׳ߡФԼ˵
һüͷһ壬Ѹճһķǰһƣվ˵ˣȥ˵⻰ͬʱͳʮǮһţ̧ȥФ״Ķҵæںǰȥ
ԸղŹʱ߹ģֻÿ첽ǰȥȻԶܵٶȱȽϿ죬˵칫ҵʱͷ󺹡ӦбΪ¯Ȼ鴫ȻѮʱ¶Ѿʮˡһܣеĸо֪
ղſ׿ڵ绰ФԪڿ칫أֱӱˡſڵʱһ͵ʲôФһƣȻ˵Ƚȥ̽̽ԷĿڷ磬һȡ
Ф󣬵˵ͷǹڲ˵һ쵼ҲܲӲ֣ȥǻڸġ
£ФȽȥԪѹ˵ĻʱһٽȥҲ˵һ㡣
ФһĨͷϵĺ飬ȻƽԺ󣬲ƿ˽ȥ
Ԫ˿һŭݵϰϣվһҲҳʱʱ̧ͷһо֧ӵĸ֧ӳ׿һ̫ţˣȻҺ;ֳŸɣǿ۽硣֮ǰԷǸ͹ʱǾе֣е㲻Ϲأоץˣһ㲻͵־ֳԴ绰˵£Ҳûϡ
벻ڹˣо־ֳˣ֧ӳȻˣӲ˵ФԺǲŸҽˡ
ͨղⷬ棬ǿˣ׿ǸֳФˣҲ˵ʵоֳ֮ĽƵ˼㣬ǵ͵ɴܷѽΪ˲ǣһ㲻Ҵ⣬ʱ̹עԪֳıͶµ˶Է
׿ĸФˣֱϴа壬ﻹһҲûСԪһֱСеģԶԷ̬Ȼһ𾴣һһֳֳĽţǲɿڡ֪Ф־ڸг緹ӾܹˣֻҪ⼸ӵʱ俸ȥǾûκˡ
ԪղŽ׿ݺһ٣Ͳú¾ˣǼһȴӲԣ˵ʲôҲɿڡ
ۿʱһһĹȥˣԪʶ׿ʱˣŭ˵տ׵ģһ䣬ǽǲĻɴ˲һкһ˳еҲǸϾˣִ쵼ζʲô벻Ҫɣ
׿⻰ԺһԷ׼ˣôأɵʱ򣬰칫ŵűƿˣǿ׿Фͷһʯͷ˵ء
ФԺ󣬳ԪǺһЦȻ󿪿˵ֳʲô·ôѽ˵׿СָʲôˣȻѾֳҪǷʲôĻҿΨʡ
Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬲ûѪһֱ𵽼ˣǰ仹˻ǿѽʵ̫ˡФ˵Ф֣㵹˵ᷢʲô⣿
⻰ԺФһոӣæ˵ֳᣬҿû˵˼ÿ׿ӵʱϵģҪʲô⣬ҪĻùֳֹܾҲѲ˸ϵ˵ǰɣֳ
ФȻÿ׿˵£ʵȴָ˵ڰѲŴ׳˹ͬʱҲʾԪһ̯ӵֹܣÿ׿ôȥûκ⡣
Ԫ˶ĹֳˣȻҲǳصģФ˵ФѽиǺͨˣвɳŹ˾жŴ׳в⣬ֵоذӸӣ㿴
Ф벻ԪȻһף˵⻰ͬʱԷذӳ¾ָָ˼ǸФذӵ˶ѾˣھͿƽˡ
Фǲˬȴһ취ҲûУԷһ֣ټǾֵоģҪǲնԷ˵ȥĻǿɾǿζʲôǸƵġ
ۿԷƵ±ˣФһԪ˵ֳǷ쵼˰ӵģȻھҪ飬ǲԺ쵼кõʱҺֵǱллˣ
˵ʱФһϣżЦ⡣
Ԫ⻰ԺﰵСӹλƳˣҿ׼ֵô绰ʾʲôˣ˵ǻȥФ¶һ˿ЦȻ˵У˴ӳȥƽ绰쵼һ£֮ǰȸλ쵼ȥµģûɣ
ФԪǳ˳ˣ֪һҪöԷͷȻ˵ĻûʲôòҴŵˣЦ˵糿ҽӵгһͬ־ĵ绰˵ǰμӴžƸʱһ˺ϴںɽׯϮˣǹȥһ顣¹쵼İΣǲҵŰնŸ˹
Ф⻰˵õˮ©ǵ¶Ŵ׳ĿĸڸһԪҲκΪҪһźۼظ˳Ԫ֪⻰̫ףҲûκΰ취ֻӲͷƤһ硣


һǧ ذ
Ԫ⻰Ժ󣬴ФһۣԷһ۹۱ǣǹĵģȥһҲ˵ѣȴ˵ЩôһҲأߣʱˣһףҵСˡ
ܿФİϷԪ׼ͶԷƽʲôҪǰѶŴ׳ȥ˵ڶԻһФ΢΢һЦȻ󿪿ڵУǾɣг绰ÿ׿¾ȥһ½ӡ
˵⻰ԺԪФóֻҪһ绰̩йֵһ֣ФֻںͶԷֱ̬ǿӲһ㣬Եʮ㡣
Ҫ˵ԪôûдȻûκһλһֵȨǲսģڹϵͳˡֻȴһ⣬ΪĻ˵꣬һŽˣ˵ĹƫƫԪҪһĻղŵǷԵеˡ
һԺ󣬳Ԫ˵Ԫֳôͷѽҽʵʵڵᵽ˹ֳĹˣ˵ʵҺʡһʱòƶûôͷǺǣ
Ԫһ⻰Ժ󣬷ζҪըˣԷôֱӳִһӶûиҪһ£һӻ治֪ô˵ԷղǷȻ𣬵ȴһֽЦĿ˵ģҪ̫ˣԳĲһӻ벻ʲôõ⡣
Ȼ˵ĻԪҲ׼ԷƽˣֻҪܰѽ˳ˣǶԼưͿҲδɡԺԪһ˵г£ִҪ쵼֮ܳһ㣬ŴҶģǰɣ
Ԫ˵⻰ʱź¾ͿͶȥѯʵĿ⣬˼״æͷʾֳ˵ûһҲֳ˸ղ˵Ƿ
һԷͷתúܿ죬Ҳ׼ͶԷЩϸ֦ĩ¹ҪǴӦϲԪѶŴ׳ˣҲͰˣϾ˼Ҳǹֵһ֣ФסҲ֮УϻˣöԷ˴ˣгڰˣؼȥˡ
һͳ̺еһ֧ϣȻóžһϻԹԵسԺƺ˵Ԫֳղ˵Ҫ쵼飬Ҫ쵼ָǣ
гǽгĵ绰ŹġԪȷػشһҪǲԪӿѶŴ׳Ȼǲܵ飬Ȼ˵ĻǻʲôҴŵıҪأ̵ֱִغͶԷɡʵڲеĻѾøԪ绰׼ˣԷ֮ǰ˵úȷбҪĻԹġ
һԪһۣȻָָվߵĺ¾˵λǣ
гã̩й֧ذӶӳ¾¾˵⻰ͬʱһԺһ
¾һ֮ȻҲˢˣƾɵҲܿóֳм棬гҪеѡĻԲԸϳֻ֣ȻûѡֻѡܵذݺǽͷݵĽɫ浹ıַӳһʻ˿ҵ
һ¶һ˿΢Цź¾˵ӳǰɣãиһ㣬ʵǵػش𡣡
¾⻰Ժ룬ͲҪˣǳгʱ򣬾ǽӣҲҺŪѽشгֻʣұ֤ʵǵػش𡣡
¾˿ĻŻŵĸоҪĻŵԪһ«澿ʲôҩԪʱ򣬶ԷȴϾˣǰѻתƵ˺¾Ƕһӻе㲻Էͼ
ԷҪǳĻﻹеף¾ֻһССĶӳԷͷϵĶųгĹ⻷žˣĶ뵽ʲôӦ֮ߡԪﻹһû׵ǣ¾˵ƽʱأϸ˵Ȧˣؼʱ̶Է᲻ˣ˵ѽ
Ԫȫעضһͺ¾һҲҴ⡣ﰵ˴㣬ֻҪвԣں¾ǰ濪ڣһĻԷͲ˵ˡ˵һ᲻˶ʲôĻǾͲĵˡ£Ҫ벻ԷȻǲܵˣȻ˵Ļûʲôù˼ɵˡ
һ³һԺ󣬲ſ˵ӳ㲻Ҫţǳ򵥣Ҿ˽һ£Ƕһ㶼ʲôӣܼܲ򵥵Ϊҽһ
һ⻰һڣԪͺ¾ú⣬Ԫں¾ǰشģڿûҪһе֪ʵ˼˵󰸶ܸʲôӣܲȥץЩ֮ͽɣԪоһô⣬ɶԷΪһӻ²Ǿȿ˵
¾ݵԺشгذӸҪһЩشĶ԰˵ǰʱոٰǰĽʧ԰ȡ
¾Ļشɾ䣬䲻ǰгôʵĿģⲢӰĻش
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻ˵Ҳ˵Ǹİ֧һһЩش󰸼ôûɣӳ
ǵģг̩еش󰸼ǴӸ𡣡¾һش


һǧһʮ 
¾ĻشԺФص˵ͷȻװܲĵӣֳԪʵԪֳӳ˵ûдɣ
Ԫ¶һ˿мɫĿһһֱһǳǿƵĴڣ벻ϣȻԵ֪˵гذӣֻҪȥ˼Ϳˡ
ǺǣãԪֳ仰Ҿͷˣһе㵣ĽһЦ˵
⻰ԺԪһϵƭĸоһֲ֪ηľȻվڵشؿһ
һͣԺϵɫ˱仯Цˣȡ֮һ࣬Ԫ˵ԪֳҪûмǴĻղúӽֶŴ׳İôһ£ʲô¡Ϊг˽һûʲôɣĻ䣬Ф˵쵼ľ˵ĹǸлôأֳ˵ǰɣ
ԪһФһһ͵ģһӻ治֪ôش⣬֧֧˵˾䣬ǣǰɣ
Ԫ⻰һһ˵ǾԪֳңŴ׳ʲôӣ
һ˵⻰ʱǳ䣬˵ʱǼֱͬ漷һ㡣
ǰǰʱ䣬Ԫȥ⼸ʣϴľҲûܰһĻ
ҲֲԪѹûⷽ룬˵Ŵ׳ʲôȷʵеΪˡ
ôˣһȵɱˣ
ԪһʻԺæҡҡͷŴ׳֮зǳеĹϵ˵ʲôҲܰѽҪǱնŵ֪ǻúƴ
Ȼûɱˣݻˣһ׷ʵ
Ԫҡͷ
ˣǿˣˣ
һÿ˵һʣԪæҡҡͷҡ÷ǳᶨһװԲԷĻġ
ȻŴ׳ûɱˣû١ݻʲôģôˣҪ̩йֵذİӡһ˵
ذĸԼڳ˶óе˼˿ΪεɷԪĪˣղһذӵҪְʱЦԷ׶Էأ˼ڸأɵƵһͷװȥҲͰˣȻЦԷӦǾϻˣ㲻ɵƣɵƵˡ
һԪڣתתͷź¾˵ӳǾֳղһ·Ϲܼһ㣬Ҫһ£Ŵ׳׷ʲô¡
¾⻰Ժæ˵гҲô£Ǹھֳ참ģ˵ʲôԣ˭Ĳ֪⣬ûа취ش𡣡
һ¾ĻԺ󣬵˵ͷԭô£һ鷳ԪֳѽԪ֣㿴⡭
˿̣ԪĴڸתţڵѾǳˣҪ˴ߵĻȻǲ̫ܵˡѾǲʵʵˣڿǵ̨һҳһҲˣô¶أҪǲһ뿪ĻԺڹûʲô˻ˡ
г쵼ûҪƽѽԪ˵Ҳǽӵ쵼Ժ󣬾ֱӴ˹ˣ˵һûôעɣȻгҲͷˣԪĳһˣλǣ
˵⻰ԺԪתȥ¾󣬳һФڨڨص˵ͷҲڶԷˡ
һ˿üͷһ࣬Ԫ֮ǰ˵仰ȥûκ⣬ʵȴ⡣Էһ˵ȨѹˣԳгѹȶԷһе鶼׵ϣ͸һֹֹĸоڹٳϿǴɣȥĻȥһΪ
ȻʶԪ⣬ȴû˼ͶԷƽϡڹĵǶŴ׳ͽֻ֣Ҫ˻ϣͲԪԪʲôԪȥԺһԪԮԷ˵ת۾ܹʱɾ鷳ˡ
һĻȻһҲܴˣФ˵˰תߣΪ˷ֹٳ⣬ֱӰ͵Ӧȥ绰ϵ
Ф⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȥˡȻѾȫˣҪתƵ־ֵĻԪת۾ҵֻкϴιлǿһһӣطϵ˾ǿƣҲֻиɵ۵ķݡ
һܿӦǱϵˣФ·ϺԪԹĻҲӦһһϵ칫˴ԼСʱҵʱ䣬ûмԪӰФǱӦóȥԶˣ׷ĻȻ׷ˣվȥ
λгҪ뿪ˣһ˵ĶȻᣬȴһݽɫһȻ鴫λͰи߸ϵľֳ˸ˡԷڳ̵ʱҳϹϾվһߣ¶ԷʲôǨŭǡ
һ˿ǰλЦ˵鷳λˣϵĹĻǷǳʵģһФֳǷ־ֵ쵼ͬ־˵һ˵ġˣҲҪˣȥɣ
⻰Ժ󣬿ĲѣϵЦݸˡ쵼ôߵۣĶܾôȥأǼֹϵرʾҪһϳһ״ص˵ͷȻֱǰȥ


һǧһʮһ 
һ֪ԪưոݵģҲФͶŴ׳һᵽ̽ϢġڶŴ׳û¿ڣȻԪ潻Ļġ뵽Ժһѩޱһ绰һܣȻҴڿʼ͹ػˣǱҵĻ˵岻̫ȥҽˣһŲ֪
ѩޱһȻŲĵʵûѽ᲻ʲô⣿
ı־ǰ֮ѩޱе㵣һİΣĲ˵˼Һ¿ûаϵΪǲŲϽģҪ˳ʲôĻûġ
İɣû¡һ˵Ŵ׳ͽѾźˣǱ߶ţҵĻڿʼֱǱ߽֮ǰҾͲ׼¶ˣģԲκµġ
˵⻰ȫΪ˰οѩޱȷʵôģФǱ֮߳ǰʱȲ⵹˵Ԫǲ˳ʲô¶֮ǰȰԼãǰᡣ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ漴رֻ뻹е㲻ģһʲôڹ·ߵıͤһµֻװֻ棬ȻºֱһŸФѩޱʲô´绰ϵ
˵ȥһѾˣڲ뿪̩УһԪҵԼȻУסƵĻƺҲ̫׵ϵԺ󣬰ѳͣһҾƵſڣȻһ⳵ֱɽȥˡ֮ǰѾϵˣ׼ԷǶԸһȷ㣬ᵢ¡
Ҫ˵һʱû׼뿪ԼʮңԪԪ͵ˡ
Ԫ֮ǰ˱ԺϻߵԪһ㱨˵ȫͨ绰㱨ФҲǹϵͳˣе㵣ĶԷǲǸ˼豸ҪĻ绰˶Էĵ
Ҳ˵һûУӸղһФı˼ҿбҪǰ߱ǱϵֶεĻҲȫпܵġҪ̶ˣĶа⡣
ԪԪıԺеŻˡ֮ǰеֹ̫ˣԪԺһṦһȻͳˣ˵Է͵ϵٽʱոպһʡͨ˵绰ʱһʡ￪ءô̵ʱڶԷ͸ϵϵ˵һԷϻˣûйϳԡ
뵽ʱԪﵱȻˣһ£ֻΪӰѶŴ׳ĻһżȻãдãʮа˾źйأʲô飬ֵһأ
ԪվԪ˵ѽһ£Ҵ绰˵⻰Ժ칫ȥ
ԪڶԷȻе޷⣬Ѿüëˣ㻹Ĵʲô绰˼г뷨Ҳֻܱ˵Թˣʶס
Ԫ绰ȻĵڵƶôӣԪ绰ȴò
ԺԪŽعϣȻͳһֻزһȥߴĺѹػʱʶˡһˣҪ˵ˣֻءˣԪǲģֲ˽ֵİ칫ҵ绰쿪ʼܾûڹ˾ԺԪʶԡ
ƿ߳ȥԺԪԪ˵鷳ˣҸղźͽϰϵһ£ĻӦҲڶԷˣѾǳˣԷȻǳġǵĵ֮һҪѶŴ׳ͽҵȻǿɣھͺȥϵ绰һЩȥʵڲеĻֻӲˡ
˵ʱԪϿ˵ɫԪ⻰Ժһ㶣漴˹û˿ԥߵһȥ绰ȻųԪ˵ͷ
ԪǳҲĻˣҪǲ˳˿סĻǵȴĽʲô۾ҲףҪһģʹˣҲôһˡ
ϵص칫Ժһ裬׼úϢһ¡ղǸе̫ˣȻûʲô£пΪ̵ôʼе㲻þȥˣ׼̡֧ȱ軺һ
̸ճһߣͻȻ˵ˣĻһӾˡȻֻһССĿôҲһ֣ĵ˵һո΢˻Ȼв۵ĹˡҪٲóƳΪǰˣǳſŭȵãĻѽӹ
һŭ𣬰칫ҵűƿˣǰĺȻǸո뿪һо־ֳԪλȥ죬һȴ벻λԪͷʱѹˣⲻг̩е̨ϼԷģѹֿȥô죡
ǰ˵ԺֻһͷĿѣղòƶԷģԳӣ⡭⡭˿̺޲鶹һͷײιȥˡ
֮ǣг;ֳƺղ˵ʲôһҲûзϣгФֳǸ˵һæ֪һһʮظ˶ԷФֳѺߵģгԼʮ֮ǰ뿪ģ޾ϸһ©


һǧһʮ 
Ļ˵꣬ԪͿʵ˼˵Ǵˣһ
ѽشһִһǸӦǸ˺ܳʱ·һ糾͵ġ
Ԫ⻰ԺϵɫԲԾˣԤһҲڲŴ׳ڶԷϣҲӦñǴϺʡˣζʲôû˱ˡ
Ԫ֮ǰͷһֱǵӦһǿжֵ׼ֻ֪ҪѶŴ׳ͽֹֽʲô鶼˵Ϊص֤ݡֻҪƿסһ浽ʡȥʱҲǹ˵˵ԷȻʡпɽϾһ֣ʡ쵼̫Ϊġ
벻ԷȻһи׳нֱӲ棬һ취ҲûС׼ô֣ԷĻᶼأ
ԪȻŭ˼㣬Ӳǿѹסŭ𣬳ſʵǴˣӦһˣ㿴ıȥ·ǳҪʵʵ˵
Ԫ⻰Ժǽţ֪г⻰ǳƽһһһġǽӲܣһǿ϶ģǾһФѾŶŴ׳ͽˡ˵ΪʲôߣԶ׼ղŹʱݾˣԷҲ뵽Ԫǲԭ򣬵ȻʮΪˡ
ҪľǸݶԷµ˳ϣȡҵԷһ߻ᣬҪҲĻǿɾ͡뵽ʱԪֱе㲻ˣڻǷ޵ĹֳҪǶŴ׳ͽ˰ԪɵЩ鱬Ļ͵ȥηɣʶʱԪȻҴˣһŵؿϵ
ʶλ쵼ʱҲе㲻ˣоλƺԸղǲ˵ȥǹע㳶طŪһ£뵽гղŵľ棬˼̧ͷĴһվǰλȻڰ˵λ쵼ȥĶ治ǺгߵñȽϳ٣һֱߣԡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻վһߵĸҲӴϣҲиͬͬˡȻܲԸϴȻ㵽ҲƴǣǰһԪԪ΢΢˵ͷ
Ԫ˵ıԺҲ޷ѹͷķŭˣ˴ͷһľֻôͽ쵼ùĵ鲻֪ģҿ۾ǰ׳ˡ
ԺòͣԺ󣬽˵ҵţг㲻ˣҲȰ˵ˣģˡ
ԪѵÿԪôĻ𣬲뵽Ϊ²ľ޴Ӱ죬òҲܹǰһŴľ˵ȥ̯ˣ̯ϴˡ
ԪһͨеҲűˣԪĻ¥˼ˡæǰһԪ˵ֳҡҸղſıȥģ
Ŷ˵ȥĶˡԪԪͬʵ
ȥˣФֳˣгһᣬȻҲǱȥˡ˵ʱгȲģûģҿǡɿġ
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ʹɫͷһ׶Է˼ˣѵ˺ڵĻֱ˻ȥ
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˵⻰ԺԪ͸Ԫȥˡǳʱ˵ʲôҪȻλˣǾ͸Ͻȥ׷ˣһ㣬ҲϣҪһĵĻͿûʲôϷˡ
ղ˵ϢǳҪԷ˵ָϵ飬̩һФϵʮа˾Ż̩оڡ̩ߵĻǵһΪǰԼͿϸֱӦ߶ĻҪǵĻڴˡ
г;ֳ뿪Ժ󣬿Ÿ˵ϸѽһ˵ҪҲٻعͷǵĻǸ鷳
Ǻǣû£֤û¡˵Ҳֻ˵iãʲôϵֻ˵ȥǸĵ·ͨ˴ģ˭֪ǾȥĶ˵ȷʵгȥģ˵ФֳǹҲӦòɣһģȻһˡ
⻰Ժ룬漴˵ͷԪǲҵФǣֻҪԷعͷǵ鷳´ˡ˵г˻ѽһڿɾҪߣѽ붼е˺¡
ϵԺԪ˾ٶԪһ˸𳵵ߣһ˸𳵵ұߣϸ鿴·ϵĶǺľųܾе棬˭Ҳѯʣֻøǰʻϵͷγһصķ羰ųһŸһɫµϺǰʻ˲Ϊ·СһѺ
ǰн˴Լʮҵʱ䣬ԪͻȻ˵壬壬㿴һĳɣ
Ԫ⻰ԺתͷԪָķȥȻһĳ˾˵ͣ


һǧһʮ 
˾ϰĻԺʶһɲµϳǿ治Ǹǵģ˾ͣԭءеһ𶯣Ȳɴ˿ɼµϵɲϵͳϵͳǿɶһġ
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ڶųɲͣһ˲䣬ںɣɿɷˣææҵزɲɲҲûзŹֱӽߴǱǿסˣھųʮ׵ĵطͣ˾һԼļʻǺģ£ֻҪвǿɾײȥѽǰǿгĳѽҪײȥĻǿɹһġ
е֮ʣͻȻߴ۵һû׹ô£ĳ͵ǰһ壬۵һʵʵײ˰µϵĳƨ档֮죬ĳ£Ѱµϳǰ˽ҵľ롣
Ԫ׼ӳֻ۵һæ͵һ¹ϳţ˽ڳ棬ڽײûʲôԪûܵκֺ
ӳԺԪǵĳԺ󣬺滹׷βŴӺһŭֱϰ߾£ʱŴҴҸԪĺһͣλȥ
ԪΧһĳתһȦǶԷĳʣĹؼֻгȴˡԪԪĶСֹ䣬Ԫüͷ˼һȻ˵ͷ漴ֳԪ䡣ԪͷӦԺ󣬾ͳߵһλֳ䣬ȻԪһ˳
µϵĳƨ䱻ײ£ȴһҲûУԺ󣬷˳Եһ̡֧
ԪղĽﾯȥһȻӦҲڸǡмұݣԪ׼ȥʡԪҲҪ£֮ҵһԥһǴӦԪ顣е֣ʱҲ˲ôˣȼؼְ֮ɣ˵ֻлһ˵ˡ
ԪڳϵСʱ֮ãɳȥ˲½½ˣϵı·ĶͿԿóһûʲôջֵʮӣֱһ˻ûκջ
ʱԪ治ˣ֮ǰһֱڿǣҵһԺôͶԷ˵ϾƸеˣҪǲܸһĽͣƺе˵ȥڸ·Ժ󣬾Ȼ˵ûҵԷδе̫ˡ֮ǰԪʶΪһһ⸽Ϊĳ벻ھһʵе֮⡣
ԪűϵɫԣСĵ˵壬㿴᲻ѾϰˣѳϹ󹦷򡣡Ԫ⻰ԺһϲæͳֻԿһ绰ȥ֮ǰǶԷﶢŵģһз紵ݶ͸绰绰õѡˡ
绰ͨԺԪûȦӣֱӰ뷨˵˳
ԿϰĻеֱ̫ˣЩòƲӦùĵģԷôʣô
Կ˵һûлϰ࣬Ԫ֪ǺˡҶԿĵ绰Ժ룬ֲһ绰ȥǴиѩޱġչггĻҪи챸ģҪΪ˷ֹʱ򣬿Լʱϵ
Ԫѩޱ˵һ˲٣һ룬Ȼſ˵ɣѩޱΣ鷳г绰˵м绰ϵһ¡
ѩޱӦԺԪҶ˵绰£绰һȻǺ̫ʵģѩޱԣһǳ⡣
Ԫʼе㵣ѩޱʱ䣬һֱμŶԷǹ־ıáҪһͦ취ӵĸƧĲȥˣĶиһ֡
Ԫ֮ǣһṦѩޱĵ绰ͻ˹ʼΪֶԷˣ绰Ժôˡѩޱڵ绰˵һĵ绰ػˣû취ϵ϶ԷԪȻǷŭѩޱ棬ǿѹסŭ𣬲ûбصŶһԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ԪԪĻԺͳֻϲһĺ룬Ķ߲شˡĺѹػʾ̧ͷ˿Ԫεҡҡͷ
Ԫ״ŭ˼㣬̧ڰµϵƤһģȻȵң˸ңڵҲҪҳصϵߣҾͲܲϳ˲ɡ
ԪԪĿԺĶ˵֣æ³ȥˡȰһжźԺԪԪһȥˣô˵һ֮һӾƣܹе˵ȥҪǴȥĻҲ鷳һ
Ԫصİ칫Ժ󣬾ûٳ˵ʱԿһԵģȻ칫ҵĵƾһֱšԪÿһСʱͻ绰㱨һÿε绰ʱԪϣɵ绰Ժһȭȭһ̱ϰϣһܻ
ԪôҲ벻ףһ׶㵽Ķȥˣ˰ϵԷȥĵطұˣɾǲԷӰǴˡ


һǧһʮ 
Ԫû뿪İ칫ңֱӾ˯ϢġϢдʲôģǷǳģûʲôȴںˡ֮˾Կϰ岻ߣĵȻû뿪ĵοϰǲѣɲԼʲô鷳ֻôڰ칫Էˡ
Ԫǲʲôʱ˯˵ģԪһ绰ʱѾʮˣԷҲ֪ҪϢˣ˵һ䣬ҪʲôĻٸ绰ҪûеĻͲˡԪԾеĲ£ôһһէҲһ£ǱͷӦˡ
˵ԼԺԷĴ󵨵˯ˣʵأڴԺȥģôҲ˯šʱԺ˯˹ȥɲĵ㣬ȻֱˣһԺ󣬼ϴ˯˯ҲҺһ㣬ôҲ˯ţҲ֪˶òٴ˯˹ȥ
УԪͻȻ͵һӾ˹ӴԺæſڴ
ԿŽԺ󣬿һ˯Ԫ˵ϰ壬ҿгˣ
˭˵һϰˣԪΪ˷ֹѶԷĻظһ飬ֻʵ
Կ϶ص˵ͷԺȲ˵㡭ȥһˣҵİ칫˵ʮҪҪ̸
Կ֪ϰ翪ʼƴҪгղŷֶԷԺ㱨ˡڿϰżӣСѵϰ壬ǲȥˢϴ
ԪԺŻȥ˵ϴھȥгҪʲôڵĻֱӻһ㱨
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Կϰ˵أĶҵæתȥ
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Ԫһ裬ϰԿƿŽˣæԷͶȥѯʵĿ⡣ԿκѸղȥһ칫ҵϸϰ˻㱨
ĻԺԪüͷ벻һȻһ⵹е޲ߡԭղԿг˵ҪȥǶе飬һٵг
⻰йоأһҲûУгô˵Ҳֻ̩еĶ֣ϴ£ҵȻֻеˣ˵ҲǱкģôҲи󵽰ɣ
ԿϰûʲôԸˣ˳ȥŵĶᣬԪǳһʶԿѾȥˣŻе㲻һô˵ȷ£ǹӡ룬Ǵһ绰Կһ£Ȼؽһ£ŷ
ԺԿٴƿţԺ󣬸Ԫһȷʵȥ¥ϵίǰ칫ҡԪ⻰Ժʶһ˵棬һûƭ
ѾһǱһЩõĻġŴ׳ͽֲһͻΪҲǵء˵Ϊһ֮ڹؼʱ̰һѣᣬӦûǷֵġ
һȻڼ֮ԪΪͶԷϵģȻɵȥίǵĸӡ
ʮʱ򣬽ֺͶŴ׳Ⱥˣһ֪һϢԺ¬ȡϵȻФ˵Ŀڹص֤һ˹ȥ鵽һʱ򣬻ûһʲôˣ¬Ὣ䴦õģֻҪӦϹˡ
˯Ժһ˼ǰ󣬾бҪ̸֮һ̸ʵ뷨һֱûижһԭǾ֮űϾ̩еһ֣ҲŽʱ䡣£г±ˣίǵҲûʲôʣ˳е쵼Ρ
£֮ŶѡӣһΥҲһֱûа¸֮ŵԭڡһ֤ݶѾȫˣҲѾͨʡԷ㱨һµĻƺе˵ȥҲһҪ֮Ż㱨ԭ
糿ԺһĵһǸ֮Ź˵绰֮˵ҪҪ㱨ʱڵ绰˵ϰԺֱӹڰ칫㡣һӦһԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
һ֮ŵİ칫һСʱʱ䡣˵ʱ򣬶Է̬ǱȽųģ֪ѽʡйزŻ㱨Ժ֮ϰ˼ʮӣ̧ͷһʵһгôûпǹɴ˲ĺѽôȾͲһأ
һӭŶԷĿûͶԷӣһһ˵ǣҾѾܹˣԾһصĿԺҾϼŻ㱨ϣ⡣
֮һĻԺ뿪˵ʲôߣֽȥͣԺ󣬿˵һѽѾôˣʡ쵼ûʲôָʾ񣿡
һ֮źǲˬľѳۣʲôҲֻȽһ
һ⻰Ժʯͷ˵أشʡ쵼Ҫǵ֮ǰסԪ뿪ⴱ¥


һǧһʮ ʮа˾
Ŷһѽ߻еҪһ£¾ͽȥˡ֮ɷнµ˵
һǳģ֮˳ƽͷϣһʲô뷨ҲֻӺˮ
һ֮ŵŵûаԪǶ㲻ȥģ˼Ҹղžˡ֮һ˵ʦˣˬشӦ
֮żһӦˣҲ׼ٶ˵ʲôˣϵĲ豭װģغһ֪ԷͿ͵˼˵׻żվˡ
֮ż״ֻǵ˵һټ⣬ϸûж˱һô󶯾Ĳ
һԴ˵ǲΪ⣬˵ʵôɣ˭ίǶɫģȽ϶ԣ֮ŵ̬ӦǲˣȻûкͶԷƽϵĵ
ص칫Ժһڰ칫ǰոƵüͷ˵
Ϊ㱨֮üͷΪһ̫ûʶˣŸյ칫ҾȲܹˣȱĹ򶼲ԺһʶˣվǰҲ飬ֻȴ飬ԪԿ
Կһ¶һЦȻſ˵гǲ˼ոջҾ͹ˣൣ
һȷʵܲˬԷ˵ˣ˼ŶԷˣǼһ˿ЦʵΣ£
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Կ⻰ԺĻ˵ʲôһɫԺֻվسȥˡ
ǡɽ׼һˮԿſˣŶԷ˵ͷһߡȻ飬Կг飬ʸҪϣԵʱȻҪѡˡ
Կµ˵ͷһƵ߳ȥ
¼״ܺܺ棬Ҳûж˵ʲôֱһǰȥһĲ豭ˮԺ󣬼ϰ岢ûԸˣش˳ȥ
Ժ¿ԿȻû뿪ϲεվǽء¼֣ǰһкΣôվţߣȥҵİ칫
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Կʱϵıε˼㣬뵽ϰղǳһĿͿǾվʵʵصȣõʱ
һڲԺ绰ѩޱһȥĿǰԷһܡ
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һЦŰο䣬ͬʱʱʲôҪҶ˵绰ѩޱ˿̵飬ȫܹ⣬˿ҲֻӲǿԼ侲Ͼڻûȫ칦ʱ
һһ֧˹سȼʱ̵̻ҸȻվȥڵ˽˧ԵʱˣȻԪһֱȲҪһ£ôҲøԷһᣬź
߳ʱһԿȻվǽأǼվءǰԿɫ˵߰ɣ
Կ⻰Ժ¶һ˿ĵЦ⣬΢΢ͷһһơ
һԿ棬г칫ҵʱԪɳϣһƬҰȥʹ֮졣һԺǿ񣬿˵һгˣ
ԷкԺһ˵ͷȻԪĵɳ
ԿֱʱһԲϰ彻һһ裬㹧˳ȥϰôȲгһҪ̸Ȼǲġ
Կ뿪ԺԪһûп˵ֻǻţ㿴ңҿ㣬Ŀбӣ˵ĿⶼǳᶨӶԷ۾淢ʲôƵġ
˺һᣬԪջĿ⣬˵ѽҵӡ̩öûôȹˣҿȲ˼죬Ĺ˵ľܸĵġ
⻰ǳһ˵ģлȴǷǳԵġ
һȻóԷ˼΢΢һЦȻ󿪿˵ѽʹĿʶׯں֪Ҫˣгû˵ɣԲȱеϦү˭˵أ
Ԫ⻰Ժ̧ͷһһۣȻһ˵һгôİգһ䣿
ʮа˾ţһش


һǧһʮ 
ԪżһһʤȯյԺе㲻ˡĹؼڶŴ׳ͽûа֮ǰһԸΪ˲ʵΣ治˵
뵽ԺԪ̽һһ˼Ժ󣬿˵һѽ֮ûҪʲôˣ겻ʱڹϣΪû̫Ϊɣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵гڹҺܸлôʱҵĹĺչˣһֱһлһֱûԸ滹£
һ˿̵ĿľסԪȻԷԸ⳶Ȼˡղ˵⻰ҲǺƣӦ˵̩⽫ʱ䣬ڹԪȷʵֵ֧ġ˵ڴ˹УҲһЩСĦ忴ϵûĬûֳʲôì
һ⻰ԺԪ¶һ˿мһ˵Ц⣬ϵĲ豭һڣȻ˵Ȼ˵ĻҾе㲻ˣôΪʲôˣܵõʲôĲΪ˳ҵλãأǻĹڣȻҪҲز١
һԪĻԺûڣͳһл˶Էһۣҡ֣ԹԵسһ֧ϻԺ˹سڡǰɫɢ˵гҪ˵ʲôҲΪǶǵĸɲһȨⲻǾְȨ
˵ԺһͣƬ̣˵ղһҺü⣬ǲҲһ⣿
У˵Ԫһ˵
һĻԺԪﲻǺԲ֪̬϶˳һԴ˵ǲΪȻҶԷĿľΪʱ䣬˵ĵݣĵġ
һһſ˵гʵǣһֱöŴ׳ҵĵʲô˵Ҫ
˵⻰Ժһ۽ŶԷҪпһʲôҪԪһŶ裬öԷԱһ˿룬ܱ֤ʡ˵֮ǰʲô⡣ղ֮ſѾѻ˵úߵһжҲ˵ҪУԪʲôĻһҲѲ˵ĸϵŲò²ߡ
ԪһĻԺ¶һ˿ײЦݣﰵȻǿҲܹ黹һ㣬ôؼϢôʱ͸¶أٺ٣
ԪͬʱҲɴ˷Ŵ׳ȻҲһЩһһЩƤëûаܰ˵ֽԪһҲģǽˣҲǿ˵ƾΪЩԭʼĵŹ־뿪Ҳһʧˣ˺ܴ󹦷ûҵ˵һ˸ǲҵġ
ǵ⣬Ԫȴһȴûб¶һЦгˣĶʲôҪĶֻҺϹյһЩˣ뿪ˣҾöŴ׳ȥҿҵãûҲͰˡ
һע⵽Ԫıһ˲䣬ɳƲӦһЧĻԷı֡Ȼ˵ĻͿٽܵضȡһЩʱ䡣ϰ֮ǰյ¬Ķţ˵ʡίѾˣĻ໹аСʱҵʱܵˡ
һע⵽ԪĿڲ輸ϵ̺ϣسһ֧ݸ˶ԷԪӹ̺΢΢˵ͷȻϵĴžһµ˻һֻһ߾ؿŶԷûа˼ԪǲˬصذѴ輸һӣȻ̶̣ͷĺɫѸȥ
Էһˬı飬һǿģԷȻЩСϸˣ˵Ϊ²ܰô仰˵ڰȫˡȻ˵ĻʲôءǡǡһҪﵽЧȻˡ
һڹ۲ԪԪͬҲڹ۲ʶԷϵЦԺԪǲˬ˵гǲǾѾȲʤȯˣҹϵеˣǶٵ˵һЩҵ飬ˣءᣬ뿪У԰ʱҶ̣ЩӦñǹҵķƻڼǿʲô¶֤ݣտ˵׻ǿвͨġ
Էһĵ⣬һ̼һ¶Էͷһšɪģʵ˿˺ǲˬһڶԷ¡Ԫ˺һᣬſ˵г֪öŴ׳ҵʲôˣǺЩйص֤ݣҲµûɣ㲻ʵʵ˵ɣ
⻰ԺԪһ࣬벻һͷԵķӦȻѸ٣ͨղŻܲ³ҪʲôĶȷʵһܾ߱ġ뵽ԺԪԼ˵һҪע⣬Էʲôѱһһۣ˵гЩ鲻ô򵥣ɻľ뵱Ȼˡ
һʶԷҪرܣȻԷĻᣬŸղŵ׷ȥԪѾ⣬ȻŶԷĵһʱ䣬˽֮УһƫƫҪʣһرܣô
˾˺һᣬҲûзֳһʤԪһãƣﲻˬ˼㣬۵ŶԷǲˬ˵һЩ鲻ôôģʵ˵Ǹأҿǲ˵ġ


һǧһʮ ӭˡ
һ֮иһⶨضŶԷ˺һᣬſ˵ԪղŵĻЩҲôôģ˵벻˵ϵʵ󡣡
ʱҪ߽λپȻ˽ţһú𾪡ڴҵӡУһԺ󣬾ìҲŵ㵱ϾĻҲôĶʣǸ
ԪһĻԺ󣬱òᣬԷȻֱҲܲ˵ġôڴʱһ㣬ȽжԷ֣˼«ưģ㲻رˣ˼㣬ⲻǳ˵
Ԫ˿Ȼûľоܴ裬˿ΨһҪǷ𻹻ӣһһۣŭ˵ģµûöŴ׳ҵľǽָҿϴǮԭʼݣ˵˰ɣ
˵ʱȻһַǳЦֻƤĸоһ֪˿̶Էƹˤˣٴ̼ˣڹϸʲôĻɾͱˡ
Ԫһˣͷȥװģغˡǵⲻѣǰ㣬ŶԷ˵ôˣ㲻һֱܺھĺģҪҪҰǶø㿴Ϳҵˣ
һŶԷһװƵģǲˬԷ⻰ǴӣʵԪûǸĻ治ܽôŴ׳ҧ˲ڵĻЩԭʼĵݣһֱҲϴѩޱ͹÷ȥǵʱ򽻸ǣ˿Щƽʡί쵼ͬ־ˡ
ԪԴ˻һ֪Ż˵ĻӦǾϻ֪η
֮ǰ뷨һٺԪƽˡ˭֪ڶԷʾһֱ֡ԪΪһ˿ѾˣΪ֮ǰԷΪԶˣ˭֪ⷬԺ󣬲֪ô£еﻢµĸоˡԺǵ˵гôǲǾеڣǺǣЩ֮ǰһʱͷĻǿɾˣоϻô˵ţˣпûлͷг㲻û˵ɣ
ŶԷ⸱ԽװƵļƣһ޲ȥ⣬ôΥ͹飬Ȼ˵ֱһ㣬ֱ֪ôģʵúһ֮˶ƽϡ
ԪһˣԽ⣬ֳԶԷĸоվһ˵г˵㣬Щʱһֻ۱һֻۣر㻹ᣬ֣оϻѵúͿ㲻ᡭ
Ԫݽʱֻ˵һг칫ҵűƿˣ漴ԿǲҲǸгںг̸飬ôֱ洳ѽ˵ô
һȻԪ˵ǷǳעſڵĶϾڵҪĿסԷʡ˹ڼŽվӭȥǰƲĹУ͸˵ݣæǰһЦкǣãӭָ̩
һ˵⻰ͬʱԿʹһɫʾȥԿɵӣղ֮ôżΪԷʲô˵ֱ洳һĻĶٶ˵֣æ˵ȥˡ
Ԫ˿Ҳ˵ݣܻܹ϶۾ȷ˵Ժ÷ǳϰն֪ٵ¼ίȲ裬ǰλǼίģһǴмʡίɲģһĻǾζҪùģù˼ͣⶼǸмϵġ
ԪﲻԭҪڣʱû˵̩ĸԱ⡣һ˳ĻҲֱӵİ칫Էһ㶼ȥһֵģҪϵĻ֮ٸ绰ǳ⣬ô˵һ£Ͳ֡
ܲԪվŶԷЦǺǵ˵ǣãӭ̩С
ںһֵʱһЦ⣬ϵȺֵܴԪֵʱһ࣬ͶԷմմ־մȾʲôණƵġ
ͨԷĶԪѾһ˿ԾһߣֱֱؿŶԷ
۶ûԪһ£ǲһ˵г鷳绰֮ͬ־һ£еҪһ¡
һ⻰Ժæ˵ͷߵԪİ칫Բ֮ͨŵĵ绰֮ѡⲿ̶绰Ҳǰ֮һʾĻֻҪ֪ôˡ
ȻΪԪֻ֮ûеûпڡչӦȥ֪һίǣΪ˷ֹԪ߳⣬ȹˡҲδɣڶ֮ǰҪȵ˼ҵһֵĻɾе㲻صˡ
һ绰Ժ󣬴ԼԺʹŲתͷ⿴ȥʱ֮Ѿװӣ˵ˣӭӭ
ڳ˶⻰Υģʡίǲصĵؽ磬Ϊµ˶֪£ʾӭĻǿǼ˹ˡ
⻰Ժæ޵˵ǿˣҲɼѽ鷳ˣˡˡ


һǧһʮ ˫
֮⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼٶ˵ʲô˵ͷʾԷ鵽ˣ˵Ҳûʲôˣģѿ
֮ŵıԺЦ˵ҲͲˣٶ˵ҲˡߵǸʹһɫ˼ӦĶó׼ˡ
Ԫ˿̵ǳţܸоԼ£Ҳѹ˽ţΪͨҲܸоֳе㲻ԾοǾɳϹأΪ˱˶ĻڵλٶѾˣýҿˣϾҪ˴ҲҪʱġʱûа㶯˵ʲôһ֪ˡ
ԪʶҪҵ˾ǵеʱͷһ˿⣬ȫɢ֮Сֳʸߵģֻ֮źһˣӶԷıǸʮа˾žˡѾʶյĽԪŵĸоΪһ֮ǰ˵ģǲûҵǷֱ֤ݣҪĻʡﲻֱӰѽ
Ԫ֮ʣǰһ˵Ԫʡίӵйľٱ顢ȡ֤ǾЩҪȥЭǽе飬ڿʼ㱻˫ˡ
˫桱شԪʱֱҪĸоεԺ֣նһһˣʹڵ֪Ŵ׳ͽֶФµʱҲֹ۵Ϊ˲һ£ҳ϶ȼߣһĺϻˣҲֵġ벻תۼ䣬һжɢˣ˫桱ȴĶ
Ԫһۣ˵߰ɣҪ˰ɣ
⻰Ժվߵ׼ȥˣԪæһ֣˵Լӣллˣ
󣬳˻˻֣Ԫ֮ǰϾһ̩֮٣Ҫġ
Ԫ̧ǰŲȥߵһߵʱ򣬺ݺݵ˶ԷһۣȻӱǿغ߳һ״̬޲ǰһڰˣܽͷ֮ޡ
һȴûкͶԷƽϣϹŵЦݡǳһ̿ʼԪͲǸ߸ϵίǡгˣȴĽǵ͹ϳ͡£ʲôҪٺͶԷϾأ
Ԫһмһˣﲻˬ˼㣬֪˿ѾûٺͶԷаʱˣֻüǰȥ֮Ÿǰʱ۱ŶԷ˵֮ţڵġ
⻰һڳ˾һһ֮š⻰ҪǶһ˵֮УϾн˵òһ㣬ȫǰݶԷ͡ڵǣһֻһ֮ȴ˵һ˺ǲ⡣
ԪɻĿ⣬˵⻰Ժ󣬱ֱǰȥ״֮źһЦЦһĶݼȥˡ˵ԷļҲίǡг൱참ģΪ֮źһһҲδɡ˽ƶֹס˽Ųһʹǲòô
Ҫ֪ʡί˴ߵĿίǡгԪʱ֮Żһ̫ľٶĻڸ˼һʶΪ֮ŻһԪĻôֵأ
Ҳʶһ㣬ԲųһֹĶûٸ飬Ƿḻ
ʡί˴Ԫ뿪Ժһ֮Żһۣ˶о˼Ρ칫ҵѾˣƺҲûٴĵˡ
֮ųһ˵һгҵİ칫˵⻰Ժ̧ȥһ״һƣҲڶԷǮȥ
뿪ԺһֱվűߴҲҳԿŻľȻߵɳһƨûлʲô飬ϰôᱻʡί˴أ⾿ô£û˻ش⡣
ԺԺðһͷ˴ˣҸôأ͵زɳֱӣҸô죿Ҹô졭
һ֮˶˵עеĲ豭ϣ·˻һ㡣
֮ŵѧĽԺ󣬾˳ȥһ磬ϰյ칫ҵʱ黹ǲģԴгԺ󣬾һƵġ֪Ԫʡί˴Ժϰ鲻õԭˡϰгһǰһ߽˰칫ң˷ֱһԺ󣬾˳ȥ
ǾþöûпڣһԷڵһأ֮Բڣúù˼һ£ô˵ԷɲϣΪ£֮ŵϹǿеòʧˡ
ֹ˴Լҵʱ䣬һŻؿڵҴʡ֯ʱѾ˳ˣϲҽ˹ȥȻ˵˹־飬ҵԺ󣬰һ飬ô£ҴӦԡ
һ漴յĵϣͽ˵˳˵ԺͣƬֽ̣ȥɽع־ϼܰʱԷǾ֮澯졢پ죬˳˵ЩԺͲٿˣһ֧̣һһڵس
˺һ֮ŲŰƨɳƣһۣһֺ˵ôҴк֪һô£Ӧòʲô°ɣ


һǧһʮ 
һ֮ǰ˿⣬һص㿼ǵľǶԷʵ⣬תٸ䣬޷رܡܸԷһĽ͵Ļװ㡣
һ̩ʱ֮ҲѶԷ£˼ϾڹԴеʱй̵ĺҲһԷ¶˼ʱһһڻؾˡĹ۵ҪͶĻ̸кĻпܡļ飬˻ԤıײкԺ󣬶յ˲Ч˼ᶨ˱˴֮
ʱһвĻп֮ܺŷĿɳĻҪ뿪չɾͲô׵ˡǳ֮ŵ̬ȣڸԪԺΪؼһܳ
֮ǰͿǹ⣬Ե֮ʳʱһһҲûԥ˴𰸡ҲĲ֮һϸȨ죬ŻشԷ⣬ô˵滰֮Ҳδؾͻš
һ֮ţһ˵ǣҴȷʵǷȱ֣Ǹ
֮ⷬܳŵ֮⣬д˾ȵı飬̶̵Ժ˹ȥ֮ŲŲӣϵĲ豭һڣȻڰѲ豭ŵϵͬʱ˵һгӦ֪ҪĲǵǸֻҪһͣӦòʧɣ
֮ŲϽǾԲᱻһĵǸȥģղ֮һ㶣ֻû뵽ԷʱôһܿͶס񣬽ץסĹؼ֮Էʡ
һ֮Ҳǳ˽⣬ҲûָղŵǷͰѶԷסֻĿ׶ѡԷѾѻ˵ϣȻװˣһǰ㣬Ȼⲿֱ˫ȵϥϡȰʵԺ֮ſ˵ǣˡֱԣ֮ûкͨҪǵ²ġҪǽĺȺ֮ڶ棬϶Բ쵼¶Բգ޷Լġ
֮һ⻰Ժ¶ɻ󲻽Ŀ⣬ΪֹûȫԪǷʲô¡֮ǰһֻԪ㳡飬û˵־Ůܰܵ顣һ˵أµܻ飬ûпڣǷǳؿһʾ˵ȥ
һ״ûԥͰѹ־׼ȥʡٱԪԷȴ˰Ůڸٹ·ڴΥµͷյ˳ķӶʹù־ɥȪ
һԺ֮˵˺һԺųʵ˵Щ桭⻰ֻ˵һ룬䱻Ӳ˻ȥһڣʶˣʱһôܺأԺҲûбҪ˵ˡ
һȻ֪ԷҪ˵ʲôȻֻ˵һջȥˣҲûлشıҪˡ
֮žݵԺعˣһ˵һгѽô飬ӦѽѵǷǲֵ𣿡
⻰ȥһղ˵ĹԪижʵȻ˳֮ǰǸ˵˵ˣһղŵǸֻ˵Ԫܴ󣬳Ԫ㳡⣬漰°־ҲѲ˸ϵһֻԪ飬һûмʱ֮ûκιϵ
һ֮Ƿǳ˽ģ̩Ժǳע֮źԪ϶һЩûеĶעع۲ѧϰ֮˳гʡɽ⣬ҲǺǿģҲ̩ܵԺ󣬾ͺԪͷƽɫѹסԷ˼
һԸ֮Ľɫ㲻ҪָĻ˵ղǷͬʱѾڿԷܻôʣָô
֮ŵ⻰˵Ժһشǣ㻹治˵ûмʱ֪ͨ㣬ΪҲϲ֪Ϣ֮ǰҲֻǻɣû֤ݣ£Ȼ쵼㱨ˣ˵ǰɣ
֮⻰ԺȻܲԸǳһ΢΢˵ͷ֪ԷĻ˿ţʲôأҪһͣԷѾˣвĵطӦ˵Ҳ˵ùȥˣҪپȥĻǾǳˡʱһ˺ĻҲδþʲô顣
һԷͷˣһҲ֪֮ŲȫĻֻҪ泡˵ùȥˡŶԷɳʵ׵ģҲʲôô
֮ſһһۣ˵һгԺʲôĻȴкԴҶãµͷˣһദҲʱˣҶһҸɣ仹ᣬЩٹͻ׵ġ
һȻó֮ŵĻָ便ʲô˼һӻе㴧Ħ͸ϣȴ׼Է̡֮һۣ˵ǣĻҼˣллѣ
Ǻǣһгˡ֮˵⻰ʱõӲǴһ˿ЦݣЦ˵òһ㣬ֱȿ޻Ҫѿ
˵⻰Ժͣ٣Ȼ˵һѽλ϶ǻزˣǱ߿һ̯أʱҪˣʲôĻǼʱͨ㿴ô
һ⻰ԺҲһ˿ЦݣЦȴ֮ҪȻ࣬˵ǣֻܰѶ棬ʲôȵкһˣҴȥ졣
Ļ䣬֮Цֵʳָһ£лʧʱ˵һ䣬һѽ
һ״ҲڶԷЦ


һǧٶʮ гջ
Ժ̩йֳԪҲʡί˴ˣʡҪФͬ־ʱ֧оֵĹ
ϣһǳһġ֮ǰͨФĽ֪Ԫʮа˾ҲҪȥΪԪ֮Ĺϵ̫ˣѾʵЩӰӡ
֪һԺһͺ¬ȡϵԼذ뷨˵һ¡¬Ҳ֪ФˣȥԷݵĺ˰ġһôһ˵Ȼе˼ˣֻ¬ûи϶Ĵ𸴡̩еֵôʡҪ쵼ǳעֻһֳ¬ҲðȻɿڡ
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һԺʡģȷҪ֮ͬ־ʱ̩егһְһͬ־ЭӦйоصģڻĹƵ飬Ҳôġ֮ǡгһȻֻһʱľٴ룬ڻĹʲôʱȶѹһеͷȴ£İǡǡΪȷ̩ȶҪ
˵Ǿ䡰һͬ־ЭҪôˡ˿ΪεһźţϾֻ֪ͨ˵֣֮źһ֮ѾίˣȻгʣµһ֡һԵúϣˡ
һһ˵⣬ȻҲ˶䲻ΪȻһǳгıְЭгĸ֮żҪæίߵ飬Ҫչ˵ߣһ˵ľϾ޵ģʡҪһЭ顣뷨ҲίѦھеĴ
Ѧ֮ǰһֱԪߵñȽϽ˶̩ɸɲĴ⣬һǳҪԭǾΪԪʶһֵĻᣬڶԷҲһΪгӦ˳µ顣
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ԺѦھͱñȽϵ͵ˣȻҲԪ˼ǻǶһ˵ѣûӦĶ֮Ȫ֮ǰŵһֳµʱһ£ҲѾĹƸһֻǶĻ󣬸Էǻ
Щ˵ûҰģֻǲԸһЩֺõ顣ûֲ෭˵˭⣬ܹһ򼸸˺йϵĻúõĴ˵ͳˡǣ˭ȥ˱Ȼ˵飬ǡǡѦڲ뿴Ľʶˡ˶һϻһգѦڿ˵̴˵
ԪͻȻ±ˣɺ͵鴬ŵ²ͬѦ˵ѵõĻᡣʮ꣬һĻҲУȻѾѾβˣҲ˵ùȥ
Ѧڶԡһͬ־ЭζһҪг۵ܲΪȻҪ˵̩гʡսߴƽЩܹܣϾ˺λòһ˵һгĻζܽܵġ
ԭһһյίʵ֣Էôţ棬Ҳĺ棻һԷʮ꣬˵䲻ĻڹٳϹűȶԷߵ·ࡣ
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ѦڶгһºģȽ϶ԣһȽϵȻһ棬̩еʱж̣㻹ûе꣬£һѶǿɲһĴһ棬ѾԪǱȥģʱȥгĻǱһ˵ѶԷȥΪгɲⲻ֮ԩ
ʱΪĵĵȻФˣԴְֳ֮𹫰ֵȫ湤Ȼ˶ĳƺûб䣬ȻФ֣ʱФֺյФֿ֮ǰӦФֻ֣⽫Ǹ֡ԵˣʵʵءФ̩֡й־ֳһ֣˵͸ֳ֮֮ӦҲΪΪһҲ޷뼶
Фоǳ⣬һҲǳҪǾһļȫˮʯˡһֱͷһʯͷǾյ̩еʱһļӡҲԷѾ۰㵽ΪǼӣ¸㶨ǲþ
ФҪ°ʱˣվŰȥʱͺһԼˣϾһۡʱ˶˲ٵĿ࣬Ϻú÷ɷɣΪ˷ֹ˵ϣԼ˷ɽȪȼٴ塣֮ǰһơƿϵһ£Լһһۡ


һǧٶʮһ 
һˣҲվ׼ɽҪһСʱҵĳ̣°ĸ߷ڣٿ϶첻һȥ˾õȡ˵⼸ϴ󣬵Լǰûа׵ıҪǾ
ߵſڣͻȻƵһüͷ΢΢һ塣ԴԪԺæûеʱĹϵʾ㱨Ҳˣʵû飬ֻԻ㱨Ϊڣ¶˵ģȻһ졣һòˬȴһһӦĻָֻʲô۶أ
Ѿ°ʱˣû˹˲һǲˬس˵һ䣬ȻԵͼҸ£ûнŵԵĲ輸ϡͨýʶȤһ㣬쵼飬˵Ϳˣĥߴûûˡ
Ļ䣬ű㱻ƿˣһ֮ǣ߽ľȻѩޱʱѰ£ѾǲܵˣֻóŶԷεЦЦ
ѩޱԷӣһ֪һôһģֻñȽɣײһĻˣװź˵ѽǰһˣ
ûûУʲô˵ɣһҪȥɽȪȼٴ壬ô˵Է˵仰Ĺеġ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ղűɩ绰ң˵Զٷʾһл⣬㿴ʲôʱпգһƬ⣬ͲҪƴˡ
һ⻰Ժ˵аɣ֪ˣʱ˵ɣʱ䣬Ҳ֪ģ̫㡣
ţҲô˵ģ¼ϣˡѩޱ˵Уûˣȥæɣˣ
һѩޱһۣʵŶҺФ֡ƣɽسԼȥɽȪȼٴԷҪҪһȥ
ˣҲȥˣĸүǣȥѩޱ˵ȥ
һ͵ſڣ˳ִţݿȥ
ѩޱص칫ԺһȥȽͨԺŶԷ˵˼ʱе飬ûȥˣѸղŵǸԤȡ鷳ˡȶԷȷԺѩޱŹҶ˵绰
ѩޱղŹȥҪĿһԷģţλöˣԷɣûа⻰˵ڻص칫ԺȻҪԤĿȡĻǿɵ˼⡣
Ԫձʡί˴ߣѩޱ͵õϢˣΪڰ칫Һǵһ˲ô£򲻿ܲϸ˵ҲһݹͣȻҪ˵ģȻǸĪ
һ̿ʼźһһֻۣǼ򵥵˵һллҲ֪ˣһûҵĻᡣò׷һǱ߲̫æ׼ȥ˭֪϶ԷФƵԼˣɨˣҲûа취飬ֻһˡ
һȪȼٴʱФƺƿѾˣºҲӳ˹Ӵ쿪ʼɽȪȼٴĿԴͶȻˣ֮ǰ䣬Ǵƣ̩ˣȫһЩ֪ξ㶼ġº˵һȻûвĵӵеһУ˵ǶԷҲΪ
ϣ˺ȵƿҺһơơһФľԲ˵ƺƿѷһ㣬ڶһϴ󣬺ȾƵĳٲ˵ģһʱͻѵԺ󣬾
˵ºȾƵȻ͸ڻˣ˼ǿƵģ׻˵ûн꣬ǲ˵Ϸ˺𣬾ȾƺȳģҲвСĹϵԳԺȺȵˣõľһӣԷϰ涼¶ȻͲˬˣĻͷ⣬ǿɾˡͷƵǣĶҪԷסѽ
һ״̬ĺãôͺȥ΢΢˼⣬ֻͷﻹǷǳġԺºȥϴȪһФ֮ԽۻصѡҲд⣬ᵱȻƴǵģƺƿȻҲû
˳ؽԺֻû泩һԺФеԲˣ˱ȥˡղźȾƵʱĴȽ϶࣬ƾˣеϷĸоºһƿһСؽʲôһкҲȥˡˣʲôʱ֣ʲôʱʧײˡ
ƿһʾףأ̩ڶѾԪһֱʣΪͬһսƿȻ֪ܲһԴ˵û˵ʲô˵ͷ̹Ȼ֮ˡҶԼˣûҪЩͷԵĶ
ƿһһۣԥſ˵һҿζ˵ǸѽҾÿȡһ¡
ܺ˲ٵľƣһͷԻǺģȻƿ˼룬˹˵ϵܣ˵Ҫ˵Ҷһ뷨ûеĻƭˣ˵㲻ţԼţǡ
һ漴Ͱͷ˼˵˳ƿ֮ĹϵͲټϺ˲ٵľƣеɲסˡĹоϻƺԣ˵ľô¡ҲһǳҪԭǾƿһȫεˣûҪһʲôģȻͷ˾衣
ƿһĻԺ󣬳˼һᣬ˵˵⻰ҲһĵһǾøȡľ͵ȡһ£ҲҪһĻǲһ׵飬ʲôĹȻҪҪûлĻʲôǰ״


һǧٶʮ 
һ⻰Ժûпڣ˳˼
ƿ˵⻰Ҳ뵽ֻ漴ֱҷ񶨵ˣ̩еʱж̣ھгĻ׸һֲ֮ĸоһԪƨɵµλá
һԪʱû뷨Ҳ뱻ᣬԽᶨг뷨ѿ״̬
ƿһ˵Ǹõ뷨±˳Ҵһ֮ơǳίίгʵְˣڻģҶһ̬ͬһɽһɽߡ
棬ҪĻмѶǿɲһĴΪڵؼܹĳίǡгͻ˴Эһ֡߼ȻߣȴûʵȨһ˶ȥǣһȻҲˡĻʣίǻгְλˣίһ֣һ£ܴӸֱȥǾֻʣгһˡ
ҪʶгһְƲⲿȱ̸Ҫ߱һλõÿճԪûг£һɵôɫҲҪгλáܼ򵥣˼гλϸɵúúõģƾʲôøأ˵ǿɵóɫֻڳгϵı֣˭Ҳظ֤һгܱԪɫ
ĻȷʵѵãҪǾôˣ֪²ϡˣʱⲿֻܴᷢı仯οɽʡһ߻ضţѶҲһĴ䵽ʱٷѾ˼ȥĻ֣ûгɹĻôҲʡϺˣԺٲĻҲһ㡣
ƿһˮ﷢þûпڣΪȨ⣬òأǿ˵һҿ˵˶ѾжˣϵʡأҪԥĻǾ˽ȵˡ
⻰Ժһһ㶣漴һԽ׹ˡ̩пܵгģ⣬ֻʣѦڣĳ̶ֳ˵ԷҪǿίǣʵ֣˭Ҳ޷ϵģҲǶԷȲԭ
ѦڵҲ˳£һ֮ǰû˵͵ƿһ˵ﻹǾе㲻һ˼æӦԪԺµĲо֣ѦȴѾæͨϵ׼гˣ˭Ϣﶼܡĳ̶ֳ˵ԪһģѦȴժˣҪʲôҲĻƺҲе̫˵ȥˡ
ǲˬһûб¶ƿһۣһץرСϵ̣ݸԷһ֧Ȼٵһ֧³һڰɫԺƺ˵£ǡ
˵Ժһͣס˻ͷƿ˼һ֪ƿ֮԰ȫǳ֮以֮⣬еϵƿ֮ĹϵĻưͳԻпˡ
ǰؼһˣϺͲļ˾һ¡ƿҲ㵽ֹ
һ˵ͷԷ˵ˣûм׷ȥıҪˡƿ¬飬ʡί֯ñһ˵˵ϢԴûκ⣬ȻҲûϼȥıҪˡ
һԺһƿ˵ƿлѽˡ
ƿ⻰Ժ󣬲ûпڣֻǿһ΢΢һЦ
ѡֵ֮䣬ЩʱһһᣬûҪʲôҪͨ˵ĻԵûĬˡ
һƿһᣬȥˡ
֮ǰºѾǸ˵ķ䶼źˣԵĺƱȥˡ
һʱȷʵˣټϸղź˲ٵľƣԺ󣬾;۾ûˣǾԺ˯˹ȥҲ֪ʮӻʮӣͻȻһˣӴӣſ˵
ӦŽľȻº⵹еһ֮⡣ղŵķӦ֮ôǿңǵķԱ߸ɴС֮ڵ˽ʱڣòСĽһ㡣Ȼûʹºⷽ飬ˮĵǶģֻҪԷò֣Ҳһֻ۱һֻ۹ȥˡ
ºߵһߣ˵гʱ乤࣬ҽиʦ㰴һһ¡
ȷϽºʱһ뵽˶ԷΪԷ˵ģȻ죬ɫɵó˵ܣҵҪ˰ŰĦָܻ𣿡
ºԷ⻰ԺˢһӺˣ벻ԷķӦ֮һվǣ֪οˡһŻղŻˣԷô˵ֻΪ˱ŵĲʲôģֻһڶѡ
ʶԺºæ͵гᣬļʦǶӶˣǶ֤ģ泡Щðģҿ֤
һ⻰Ժ󣬿˶ԷһۣȻֻ˵һ֣Ŷ
º֪ԷǱʾղ˵ǻĻɣһ£˵гĲƭ㣬ԴϴʡԺҾһʶȪȼٴûϵһҪסԱĲұ֤ⳡԸɾҪǲŵĻФֳ˹飬ʲôʱС
һ벻ºȻʶɵö߿һۣһ̸֧ԷȻ˵УͰһʦһ¹ǣɲõĻҿɲǮ
º⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦתͳŰȥˡ


һǧٶʮ һ
ºȷʵûкһʦȻԣѾʮͷˣϴȪȼٴĹȥǷǳġȻͷЩҲδþͿסֻºĻȴڡλʦˮƽǲŰţһȻ˯˹ȥԷʲôʱ뿪ģһӡҲûС
Ҳ֪˶ãһ͵һӾ˹ͷƱúܰһˣȻǸʦѾˡʶʱɵõһղе̫ˣȻֱ˯˹ȥҪʦͼıĻɾˡһֻ亹ֱðͬʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµġ
һ˺һŻղŵǸʦԲκ⣬ΪºʲôС֮ô϶ΪͶԷ֮Ľж󣬶ºֵ»췹ԣʲôºеҶͶɽȥˣ£Էôأǲǵ͵ϵˡ
һ˴򽻵׷Ŀ棬ֻҪп𺦵飬ԷǾԲȥġղž֮֮ԺܲΪ뵽Ҫºĳ棬ǻʲôɾ˵ѽˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ԼһѣЩȵķˣȥǶԲߵĻѾˡ
һԺһص㣬ǾǰŴţ˯ҹʱ׼ѣһĻ˯ſɾͲô׵ˡͺȵԽ࣬ԽԡǰûʮͻȻһӾͳˣÿζˡ
ԼһǷǳģԺҲȥ˯ˣȥղžԺһ亹ȥ裬˵һϴʱ򣬸˯š
һԺһ裬Ȼһƨɳϣžһͳһ̡֧
Ժһϵİ״ɲ豭ҿԺһ˱ǶűеĲҶȫҶѿ˿̾ˮĳԺȫչˣȥۡҪ˵º˻ϸģ֪һϲһСӼƷҲͶˡ
һ˴ˮϵĲҶȻһڵɫĲһ֮ǻҶƼƷгЩɫɱȡһ¶һ˿Ц⣬֪ºÿ涼ֲҶġĻֱˣΪԽãϰľͻԽࡣ
һһ衢ܴ̾򶯵ºȻǺжġĲ˵һⱭԺٿԸоԷǰϵģɱȸһſҪܿɹöࡣ
һֺԺ󣬰Ѳ豭˲輸ϡ˼Щ棬иΪҪҪȥ˼ԪԺճг֮λһ뷨ҲûУղƿôһ˵е㲻ˡ˵òһ㣬ɽģƾʲôñȥأȻʱԪΪԷƨɵµλãȴڿ͹Ľô˵Ҳûʲô⡣
Ҫиǿ˿λãȥȡĻһﵹҲһ㡣ԾԾҪλõƫƫѦڣеˡ˵ʵһĹǺ̩Ҳʱˣ˼Էֹ֧λ⣬ûɳʲôժӣһǾƽⲻ˵ġ
һ֧̣裬һ¶˾ģܱô˵ҪȥһղԸҲѦӹԸԳҪǶԷԸ̩Ļʵе̫ˡ
һΪʲôֻҪһѦڵĻͲأʵܺ⡣
ԪԺʡһ°̩егѡ֮żֻȨ֮ưˡгѡβ޷һִʡսؼеΣڶ̩Ρ
ʡƫڵһְ취ĻǾûѦںһʲôˣôʹҲϹӵư׷ʡƫڵڶְ취ĻһĶͺˡʲôҲĻѦڽг˳£ҲֳǿĽĻôʡŵʱҪǿˡ
ʡĴǺѦһһˬɴһԹһӰ죬ΪصΣŽĴ֡
ҪʱֵĻʡﵹҲ£ҲͲˣʵڲеĻ˰һߡڵȴȻΪ̩иոճ£г˫ˣпܻᴥɣ£ٰѳгĻһʲô飬ɲ˭ܵġ
˭ѦҲûжǮĹϵðôķͦһĻѦҪԸ̩뷨ˡ˵֮ϲջ䵽˭ͷϣǾͲһҪĵˣֻҪѦ̲ţĿʵˡ
뵽ʱһǴ⡣ʱ䣬ȻѾˣæ̵̻Ҹȥ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬˾͸ˣһФȥϵ飬ƿֱӻͿˡ
ϳ֮ǰƿһ˵һǵ㣡
⻰Ժͣס˽ŲǶ֪ƿлһ˵ʱǾûҪϴˡĻɾе㲻ʶȤˣʱ򣬲ƿһҲܲˬαأ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷƿһơƿҲ˵ͷǰȻһһơȶԷŲԺŸȥ


һǧٶʮ ٵȵȰ
һ߽Ժƿһ֧̣Ȼһϻ
Ѿ֪Էл˵ˣһҲżԺȻسڣ̧ͷԷȥ
ƿԷĶԺᵯһ̻ңȻ󿪿˵㿴ҪҪҰȥϰһᣬҪǾò̫ÿڵĻ
ƿеϰ嵱Ȼָ¬֮ǰԷ飬ϰԵĳƺԷΪϰ塣һ֪ƿ⻰Ƿĵģûκ˼ΪҪȥ¬ĻмԷҪٵɣƿȥ˵Ļû⡣
ܶԷһƬ⣬һȴôȥ죬ûȫ⣬ҪĻҲȥ¬ˣҴŲԸ˵ôҲδеС¬ˡڹٳϻ˴뱲ˣСҲĻǰ׻ˡʱ¬п֮⣬Ļһԣ͵ʴأ
һ³һŨƿ˵ƿһ룬ҪĻһϵģô˵Ҷл㣡
ƿ󣬺ǺһЦ˵û£˭˭ѽܽҲܸˮǴѽ
˵⻰ͬʱ⳯ơФǶһۣȻ⻰Ǵһ˵ġ
һЦЦƿļ¡˶һЦӵԺתǰ
죬һеĲɵģ˼ƿ飬бҪȥ¬һߣô˵̬ȱˣ˵սرĵġ
ʱһ¬ϵһ¡Էϰ˵Ժʱ䣬ֱӵȥһҲƴǣһڴӦ
ʱ֮ŴһкͻӦȥˡҴҵģ֪Ҫ֣СëëԷأԺһͶӷһ󣬿ʱˣ¬ȥˡȥĿĵģԲûд֣Ƕһ˹ȥġһ¬Ϊ٣ŶˣɲԸ
һȥʱֻһˮҪյĻһ̾ƻز֮Ķεб֮ǰ⿼һ£ȥ¬ҵ·˵ˮˣԷŲġ
¬ķӢһʱ򣬺ǿģͺ÷֮ĹϵŮڲߣ֣Դĳ̶ֳ˵ҲһԼҺӿ
һһ㣬¬˵˵ԺпգȻܵ˵ʱµĻе̫дˡӢһᣬ򿪵һñֵ̫һкƽһɡ
¬ǰ˵һһģһڣһҲû֡
һæվ˵¬壬ˣ
Ŷһѽ¬˵ϴղźͼҢһǴǰˡ
⻰Ժһע⵽¬Ϻģһͺ˲١¬ľ֪ģͺҢ˲һΣͶԷȵĻ֮ܰ˭ȶ˵ģˣͲٺˡ
¬ȥϴʱһһŨ衣Ӣ״ҲûûһЦؿŶԷæµ¬Ժһ˵Ĳ豭棬鷿ȥˡ
¬µһĿģֻȫȷϣԺ󣬲ûеƣǺ˹ԪĻ⡣£ͷβӦöһƶģеˣ˵¬ʣش
˽ľԺ¬һ˵Ĵͦλģ²ģµʱҲû̩ȷʵȷʵѽͺȣСѽ
һ⻰Ժһû˵ʲôڳһϴļơ
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һ⻰ԺЦ˵ǸһĻᣬ£һǻἰʱ㡢ʾģ
Ŷ¬˵ˣ˶ûҪһʱԺеǻᡣ
һ⻰Ժȫ¬˼ˣԷҲµĿģûʾˡһûб̫ϣ¬Ѿ˵ֱˣȻỹ롣¬һۣԺ󣬿˵¬壬֪ʡôģҲ׼Эг̩Ĺɺã
˵һ⻰˵е㲻ã¬֮䣬¼Ĺϵ֮⣬һʦѵĹϵڣʣҲûʲô˵ġ¬ûشһĻϵ̵һְ֧̺Ӹһŵ¬˵»ûöģʡԸȽǿңҲö˵ʲôΪһг͡
˵Ժ¬ͣ˻ͷе˼һܶģ룬ʵǴΣǿս
һȽϹģԻϻ˵ˣֱӿ˳
ѡڻĿԲǸѦʡܵúڣĶ֪ܵԽڣ¾Խûķݡ¬ֱԲ˵
һԺԷˣȻûᣬѦһҲûпܣҲǳƽˡ
¬鷿ﵭɫ˵Ҳǹ⣬ӳֱӷҲǲܣ̩ҲȷʵɵòλѾ̬ˣĻǾеŸɵ˼ˣˣٵȵȰɣ仹ᣬеǻᣬ̫Ҳδþʲô¡
һ⻰Ժص˵ͷ쵽¬ҲΪܹ١Ҫ٣ҪԷȻ뼶ĻǵȻٺûе飬¬˵ҲУٸеĵҲͲˡ
һ뿪ʱ¬Ӣ͵ſڡӢһһ֣Сëë棬˵һڼҲ塣һӦһ˸Ժ󣬱ת첽ͣλȥˡ


һǧٶʮ Ϲ
ڶһ磬һͻ̩ʱڣɲ뱻Ϊʡܹٵġ
Ȼ¬Ѿȷʾɽǿƽ룬λûʲôˣһȻҲͲгˡ׼ýһʱ䣬úһߵĹϵɽгҲ̨̫
ԺһҲԥˣְռƻȥ졣Ȼ¬ʱ̩еĹǺܿ϶ģֻҪ֮ǰķȥˣЧӦòġ
һʱ䣬ίѦԺæµӦ̩֮رţЧӦò룬ÿüͷƵıɼһ㡣
ʱ䲻֪ʮѮµʱ䣬һæͷһ̯⣬ҲΧ˺úþһۣһ±˴֮ĹϵһʱľӪԺһ̩еﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣΪĴʩȭŴ˼ʵĻ
Ȼˣ»ʮϣ糿Ժһ;Ƶܡ˰칫ԺѾܲˣ漴Ʈ˿ԼСʱԺ꽥
˵һһһŴﻹǷǳĵġܲϲȵһѹֵĸоˣӦþûʲôˡ
һʹ꾰֮ʣϵĵ绰ͻȻת߹ȥͲ˵ιһλ
гãǻ١绰ͷһŮ
Ŷƾֳã£һ˵ξֵĻ٣ֱӿʵ
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ٶλ˾ϰҲӦֱ˵£ûҪĨǵġһĻ䣬㱨гһС£ҾûǺ˵һȽϺáղҵ칫Ժ󣬻վ˽˵岻̫ҪһµļȥĴҽԺúüһ¡
һԺüͷɵȻԷ绰ĿģԭǹԴлʳŴƵţŴƳԺͳΪ֮ŵˣ֮Ĺϵ̩ԴеĹٳϾ˽֪
ڣ͵ҪһµĲ٣ȷʵеΣһ룬ʵƾֳյô֮ǰû˵ʲôʲôģ
гҸղȽ϶ͬ´һ£û˵岻ҾǾе죬Բ绰㱨һ¡йоصػش
Ŷѽһ˵ˣôģ
ҸҪ;쵼ͨһ£ϾҪһµļ٣졢졣һػش
һ⻰Ժ˵ƾֲ´úǡɣ˼ȷʵ쵼ҲȷʵӦùģҿ;쵼һ£ҪûʲôĻɣ
У֪ôˡڵ绰ͷ˵
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ˳˼յٶȷʵܹ죬û˵֮֮ʲô⣬ôͻȻҪһµļ٣Ҫȥءϸһһһ绰˽һ
һͲ֮ʣȴͻȻ͵һһ˶Ժ󣬲˻һհѻͲŵߣ¬ǳȵһ¬壡
¬壬ãһ˵Ժһͣס˻ͷû˵ԷȻһĵôһ绰һʲôҪ˵¬ʱ绰ġ
Ŷһѽиһ¡¬ڵ绰ͷ˵
¬壬˵һ˵ҲǺ棬ʲôʱ¬˼ȣȴ˿Ҳûб¶
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¬˵ԺһԷе˼ˣϵղŻٴǸ绰Խ϶֮һǳˣҳʮа˾źͻһĹϵԷʮΪϡ
뵽Ժһԥذ֮źͻ֮飬¬һܡҪʡ쵼ҪһǲҪ˵˵ĻǸ˵ʲôϣ¬ʵĻҪȥôණʲô˵ʲôûҪҴš
¬һĽԺ󣬿˵ѽͬ־ǺͿѽ
һ֪Էпһ⣬Բûдǻ
ƬԺ¬˵ԪѾʶˣʼյһЩˣ֮ŵѽ˵Ժ¬ͣ٣˵鷢Ժ⻹ͦĵġԪҧ˲飬ȴûκһйϵģ̩겻⹤ɵòԼҪҲϸѽ
һ⻰Ժæ˵¬壬ˣⶼƽʱ̵Ľ
Сӣͱˣջ̫ˣӰбȷʵ˵ң־Ƹ綼ûп㣬Ǻǣ¬ĵ˵
һԷöе㲻˼ˣ˵¬壬ҪҪʲô
ã˳Ȼ¬˵ûʲô£ֻ谲ϹۼɣΪ˱˵Լȥ
⻰Ժһе㲻ˣǾͰѸղŻ㱨˵һ飬ͬʱҲٵָʾʵǵ˵˵˳˵Ժʵ¬壬㿴ǲҪٴ绰ԷǾֳؿһ顣
һ˵⻰ʱѡءּ¬һܸʶ
¬һĻ˼һᣬŻشûǱҪˣ²ʲôԵ⣬֮ϻб飬ôҲ޼£û£ǸŮ˾̩Ҳûʲô⡣
¬һ˵һŷ


һǧٶʮ ø
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ˳˼ȻΪ֮ŵ飬Է¬Ļ˵ûаϵ⿼ǵǸղ¬˵ǷԷ˵ԪѾ֪ʲôˣ֪һԶȫ⵹
ôĿĳҪԼϵ⣬һԭ򣬾ﲻƽ⡣ˣȻƨϲɾ˼ָֻŵģǰ֪ĶͲһ㣬ȫ˵˳
£֯ϵȻҲԴģ˵ʲôʲôһЩ׽ӰĶֱӷŹȥˣЩб۵飬бҪĻһ֯˲һ飬󻯡ͱ֮ŵ飬Ϊͻ֮˽ĻӦòὫôбķĻɾҪùˡ
뵽ʱһ͵ؼղ¬Ƿȷʵ̩УҪ̸Ԫ޵ˣǵȻһĪˡԷ֪һЩùĶĻһڵһʱ佫׳ʹǲ׽ӰҲŹ
ڵʵǶԷûнκ˵̩еʱ䣬һڹΪ涼ǾģûиԷκΰѱ
ͨеĹؽԺһеллǿ֣ͬҪ˸ָʹȪ塢˵ѩޱ֮ϵĻ˵Ԫͻˡ¾֮ǰǳ꣬ҶѾ֪е飬Ҫ˵µĻģִ́Լͣǲôġ
˵ʧ֪Ǹһοɾһѣò˵ָоǺܲġ
Ժ󣬹֮ųµϢѾڰ칫¥洫ˣ֮˽³СִֹҶ֪ˣǾڰ칫Сؽ̸ˡȻҶûָգҪ˵ʱһ㶼áǡϴ󡱴棬˵˭ϹӳԲ
һ֪ϢǴģԴӳϴѩޱԺºͻڻȽмֵСϢἰʱϰ㱨ġ˵ЩϢϰûãͲǹĵˣֻʵ㱨ˡ
ϢһһҲ֣ﴫǳ顣ƲʡǱߴϢ˵ͳ֮źͻµӦ֮ߣֵǷ꣬Ҳǳ顣
ʱһԺһ磬һյ칫ңӵ֮ŵĵ绰
˼򵥵غԺ֮ڵ绰ͷ˵Ҫȥʡе飬鷳һѵ˼ʲôͻ¼ĻһѦŰ졣
һֻǼ򵥵һû˵ġԷȥʡΪ£ûмʵȥĶĻҲԵ̫һ㣬ɲһķ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһʶԪ黹Ƕ֮һӰ졣Դӻȥ˶Ժ֮Żûôͷ¶棬㿪᲼ùʲôģҲǾ£˵Ժɢᣬķྶͥ
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ĹоϻԹ塣
һĽǶ飬ʡҪ֮ŵĿܲ⵹ΪʲôĻϢǸǰǺ׷ġ֮źͻյ̩ѾǷˣʡﲻ֪ܲҪĻʡֱӾͻɹˣԼȥʡǵڸͨ籨ʡ쵼ӦòɵİŰɣ
һƺ֮ȫûʲôõĵˣҲȻһ£һҲûеĻʡҲ̸һ̸Ӧ壬Ļڽ̸һģ֮Ϊ˻еʲôΣڻ͸ֻܸķչٿˡ
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һ⻰ԺǲˬöԷʲô˾˵Ҫһϴ񫡣ԴԪԺ֮ǵһҲȥʡյ˵ѦӦϴˡ£һ绰ھȥİ칫ңе˼Զ
һ룬ܵǣͷһѵҪҪʲôڵ绰˵գ
һһ۾Ϳ˶Է˼һȷʵûʱԷ棬һҲԷǰװƵĻᡣ
Ѧ⻰ԺǲˬûǸڵ绰һƽϢһͷŭ𣬳ŻͲ˵ðɣȻгҪæǾˣټ˵⻰Ժ󣬲һӦžһ¹Ҷ˵绰
һŵ绰洫æӶժڵ绰ϣѦڵʶҡҡͷһﰵ˵гĳΪгҲþǰװƵʱߣ
ѦڹҶϵ绰Ժﲻˬ˼㣬һץϵĲ豭ݺݵ˵ذϡǰʱʡܶ˺һ󣬽һ˵֮ųˣһ˵Ǹᣬ׼ҶԷһ¶Բߣ˭֪˼Ҹǿ벻̡


һǧٶʮ 
֮ǵڶŻصģԺѧѦںһȥİ칫ҡ
һͨѧϵıжϳ֮Ӧûʲô£ĻԷϵı鲻ɡ˵ϰǾεʵԺó˵һҲûɡ
һ֮ŵİ칫ҵʱѦѾˣΪİ칫֮ŵİ칫ֻһݼ䣬ͬԪһİ칫һ㣬ֻгͳгİ칫ڰ¥ίǺ͸ǵİ칫ھ¥
֮żһԺкԷϣȻúѧİݲ裬ǿһ䣬г
һ֮ŵɫǰʱȷʵ˺ܴı䣬˵һƣ˵ЦʱȻ࣬ȫǰصӡ
һӦѾ䶨ˣ¶ûʲô̫Ӱ죬֮ŵӦûʲô⣬Ļɵȫ˵ġ
ȺѧĴųȥԺ֮ŷֱѦںһһ̡֧˽ӹԺ󣬶Ҫ֮ŵ֮еĴʾԼлһѦֻһ£ŸԵϻ
Ѧںһ֮ôŰҹﶼɻ󣬵𲻿ʲô鶼ϣԱʲôҲȥֻڳ̺Ȳ裬̩еİһƬгľ档
֮һŨ˵ǣһгʱˣЩҲ˵Ҳ֪ɢҵĲپѽʡй쵼Ѿ̸ˣҲҪ˼Ĺ쵼ۣԵĸѽ֮ŵϻС⣬κʱҶظ˵ұЩ˿ǿˣǲΥΥͣǷѽλ
˵ʱ֮ſسѦںһ˵ͷ
һѦڻһۣ˶֪ԷеЩָǰгԪѾ̶ˣ֮Ų֪ܲԪڱ󵷵Ĺôʱµģ˵ǰ׶Էͣᵱǵ汧Թ䣬Ҳ֮е顣
֮ŵϣһյţǳΣѾȥˣĻԲı֮֡ǰĿһ㣬˺ͻ֮ǵ⣬֮ӦûסĻȷʵʱ⳰ЦԪ
һѦ֮ŵİ칫Ҵ˴ԼһСʱʱ䣬Ǵ˵һʱʱػҪشԷһ⡣һΪǶԷһηйһټʯͷͷѹ˺ܳʱˣһжɢˣ֮Ž˻ͷһ£Ҳǲѡ
ص칫Ժһ֮ŸղŵǸԷôܳйһ⣬һԭ˵Ϣݳȥڴ¥˵ı֣ϴĲ֮ܲǰûףֻ֮֮ˡһжˣȻҪԼһίǵȨѦ̸ԿһԤݡ
죬һĲõӡ֤֮Ⱥٿίίᡢίᡢϯᡣ˵ƵܼԿ飬ӦûҪ˵ʲôĶ֮ǳ˽һЩ֮ǰĹ⣬һЩĹãȻǴ˷Ҫ
ĻӹĽǶ˵ԿҲԲΪڹȵӰʵ΢΢ԺԲơί֮˵ȴǺģΪļһҲˣڰ칫Ż㱨Ҳίӵĸ˻ˣǱҲвٴŻ㱨ģæòֺ
һԴ˵ǲΪȻ֮żίǣ˵ʲô¡ʱĽӴ֮˵֪֪סĳ̶ֳ˵гѡûȷ֮ǰ֮ŻҪ£һЩһʱгԺҲüʱԪѾΪȥʽˣ̨̩ϵⳡϷüȥ֮ſɲʧȥ˺õĻᡣ
Ժ磬һӵ˻ٵĵ绰Է㱨ողŵˡ
һ⻰ԺֻǺǺһЦһʾ֪ˣûж˵֮ŵżһ㣬ԷҲһҲûСͬһ飬ڳ㲻ͬи˵뷨ڶҪĽֻЧһ㡣
Ϊһоʹ˷ƽ˾ˣ֮ûˣѦûϷˣһҲû뷨ˣгλһֵĽֽĻүƺԸôͰļȥˡ
µһܵˣһյ칫ңڲԺ󣬰칫ϵĵ绰ͻȻһ¬˵һ̩ʼδϢ֮żϵʡ尲Ŵ
ûһԷּ˵һѽζ˵ҲһĻᣬڹϣǧܳ⣡
£һסˣһӲ֪ôش
¬Ҳоһľǿ˵˼Ǳиߵ뷨ˣȻ˵ĻҲøںմɣôҪһ˶ռȥĻе㲻̫Ϲء
һе׶Է˼ǿ˵¬壬㿴Ҫʲô
ѽ¬˵ͣ٣˵ҪһظɺñְʱһҪμǵ͵֣ʲôĻʱϵ
һӦһԺ¬˵㵽ʡȥλίǶݷһ£ҲҪ̬ȱˣĻ˼ҳ⣬Ҳܲһ߸ɵ۰ɣ


һǧٶʮ 
һ绰Ժе㼤Ҳֻе㣬ϴܵ¬̸ʱ˲СĲ˶ڿ˼ҪõĳʱΪȵģϣȴԸԳʱȻҲܸˣ֮ǰȣǾԲͬն
¬ղڵ绰˼Ϊһ֮ĸʻǷǳߵģһǳҪԭǾ̩еĳг֮ŵԺ󣬲ɽܲԸԳһǿ϶ģίǱضʡսһĻһɾռ˺ܴˡ
һ治ίǺгʡսĻڿչӰ쵽гĴ֣ʡίǻʡ˭ðôķյġ
Ҫ˵֮ǰһѦںĻǰʱԷȥʡһæǰܺԺ󣬵ڰṰˣҲ¬ȥʡĻһҪԭ򡣶˵ΪǿʳԣʱҲȻرڣЩQˣǸ顣
뵽ʱ⴫½Ժ󣬳һС˵ϰ壬Ҹղȥ¥Ͽһ£һǶûʲôڰ칫̸أǶźüλأ
ŶһӦ
ղŽӵ¬ĵ绰Ժ¹ȥ̽ˣڿһ֮ǰϵ֮ŵĿǰΪֹû֪ϢأĻĶ˼ڰ칫Һ̸
ڵ֮űӦѳɶˣһ棬¬˵ģŶȻǷǳߵģһ棬֮ڵ״̬ҲܷϻĹڵ
ڻĹһֵλʵ̫Ҫˣ˵ǣһȫͷβ뷨ͳ˵һֵҪԣҪЩһ֣֯ȡͻȻϮķ׼ʱ䣬ܵõЧ
һжԣίǵҪԲԶΪ֮ţʡӦ˷ǳֵ׼ϴν̸ҲֻһӣĿľΪסԷȻڲ֪½¡
еĹԺһ֮֮ͬСҪ֮ǰֱӱµҲˣϾʱҲ׼ڱΪƽˣڸôһȷʵеԽܡ˿̣˵ЩѾˣʡʱľ˭Ҳܸģȴֻ֮ȥʡĳϡ
ܻ֮ǶĻҲ̹ȻˣϾûԪˮĽҲǲˡ뷨֮ڶʱ֮ǲˣֻеӦµĽɫعͷʱ򣬲пȻ
ܿ͵õӡ֤ϰ࣬½ŸһĻᣬ˵һ䣬ϰ壬Ҹղſϰ弱Ҵҵ¥ȥˣȻ㿴һųȥˣٶͦġ
һԺһʱ֮ѾõϢˡӦùҲʡȻѾˣǾûмܵıҪˣ£֮ܵõϢҲͲˡ
˲˵ٳʡȪһ֪֮ͨŵģͨϴζԷɽ̩Ӳ֮֮Ľ黹Ǻܲģ£ȪϢһ˳ˮֶΪأ
ϣһӵϵĵ绰׼绰ͶԷϵһµģ벻ûȡжԷѾһˡ
ڵ绰沢ûо飬ֻ˵óʱûϵˣ绰ʺһ¡ԴһлǿſԺ϶м쾡£ǰһһη
һԹæΪڸˣôһȷʵΪʱȽ϶࣬æźԪȶԷ̨ԺæŴһ̯飻һ棬һʰлǿ֣ͬΪǵ̫ˣ˵ˣΪԼʰԷģԲ顣
һԺͻȻ˵һѽɶʱ򵽼ǰ컹߶ģ˵ʱ̩иɵúܲ
һ⻰Ժ׶Էе˼ˣ֮Ȼ˽ǳãǣٳϵһЩҲ˵ֱ̫ףֻúǵرһ£ֻԷһöġ
ϵĻһ˵꣬һͽӿ˵ϸ磬ҪҴ绰Ļһ׼ϵأǰү˴ӷʳǴƿƹͷˣ׼һ£ʲôʱ
Է˼ˣЦ˵ѽҷһͿʲôʱʱˣ
УҰһ£֮ǰϵҲ֪ʱе࣬Ƿѽһ͵
ϵܣ˵ҿΪٺװѽ˵Ĺоϻô˵ţˣ콫˹Ҳ־ǣȿѽ
һ󣬵Ȼ׶Էе˼ȴ磬Ц˵ϸѽϷӵſھѽ
⻰Ժ󣬵ػشˣ統Ҳǻѧҵ߲òƱ㻹أ
һֻǺǺЦûٶ˵ʲô
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ˼Ժ󣬾ֻ¬һ绰ȥղ֮Ժ˵֮ǰٺͶԷöʱ䣬¬֮ǰԷȥʡģϵͻʱòضԴ
¬һĻԺ󣬳Ƭ̣˵ȻǵŮԼ㣬͹ȥɣ֮ǰѾˣǱûʲô⣬ƲǺĹϵ˵㻹Ǻܿصġȥʱ̬ȳϿһ㣬뺫Ƕָ
¬⻰Ժһų׷ֺͶԷһȥίݷõľ尲ţȻȥҢǶݷˣҲ˳ƶˣûҪһˣĻ׶¶ˡ


һǧٶʮ ȨҪ
Ҷ¬ĵ绰Ժһе㲻ζΪôܹ١Ҫٵɣĵų
Ĺоϻ£ɵòͷһȻƲۣȴֲòôȥԭôˣȥ˾˺ܶأ֮ôȥĻп˵۸ڶĿˣǨǲ
ȥʡ쵼ǶҲֻһԵİݷãΪĻװ㡣һ¬ϵˣʡû˲֪ģ£ҶҪһӡ¬ڻĹҲǶĺɫ֮һˣǵҪһõҵкӦҲһǳҫʡﲻ˶㡣¬Ҳǿ͸һ㣬һôȥġ
ͨ¬ĵ绰һ֪ʱæŰɽͷģ⣬־ҲˡлǿԺԿܱ⣬ʡҪ쵼ȻһȥѾ£¬Ž־
ʡ쵼λʡֻнȨȨ롣ˣ¬־ƽðݵɽͷȫݵˡʡίίģ˭ûһϵ£ҲûвǸҪµĻֻǾ֮ͶѣԾԲԴ⡣
֮ǰ¬ûаϢһҪʲô뷨̩гһְ棬¬ûлȥȡΪһʡ˵ʱɽδȣǸһĺûᣬΪ־Ƶ飬¬ȴˡ
ڶʱ֮ƺеòʧζӳԶĽǶһʡλҪһгΪĿǰǿƽ뻴Բڶʱ֮ձġȻˣ¬ȻҲҪóӦԵ׼
ԴĽǶ˵Ȼȷģ嵽һ˵ȴʧȥһõľᡣΪˣ¬֮ǰûи顣ڼȻ֮Ҳ̭ˣ̩еĵͬʱȱ£ΪгһһĻỹ൱ġһĻ¬Ȼûа¼ҴŵıҪˡ
һһûϢã˯ţȻǽӶΡ糿ԺеȴһӡҲûˣһֵ顣һ˺ΣһεĻеһǵ÷ǳӡУûгֹ
Ϊҹû˯ãһͷеģ˿Ѿ˲Щˡϴϣһųϳ緹Ȼȥˡ
칫Ժһһ裬͹ļԺվȥί֮ŵİ칫ҡ
֮ż뿪̩УڱϾһ֣һȥʡܹϵҪһʱ䣬һĻϴкԵúбҪˡ
ں֮֮Ĺϵ㲻һҲûʱӲһɵĻҲе˵ȥȻһҲɵƵֱӸ߶Էȥʡܹϵһ֮˵ԭģǣе飬Ҫȥһ£ԼҪĶʱ䡣
֮⻰Ժһ㶣漴׹ˡһšڶӦ죬˵Ҫȥһ£ǵȻָȥӦˣʱȥӦΪ£ǻͺͷϵʭӡŵġ
֮żһ̹ϣﻹмָжġҪ£Էô˵ҲΪгίǣٲһֵ֧֡λίǵǷǳҪģϾһǺӣһĸ֣ʡﵱȻҪȡһֵ
Ѿȥ̩Ҳǰ˿̯ˣ£һ֮Ŵ˿ͷĸдĶࡣһһۣ˵һȥӦӦŶɣ𣿡
һԷѻ˵ˣȻҲûвҴŵıҪˣʵʵ˵ǣԼһѳԷ׼ʱٹȥûʲô顣
УȻû£ǾúģԺҲûĻˡ֮ų˵֮͸¶ֲͲʣ쳣ֻ࣬΢΢üͷʵ뷨
һ⻰Ժæ˵ǣ˵ĶĻ㵽ʡԺһᾭȥģƲССĻ鲻˵ҵļҾӦ죬ʮµľͻȥһ˵ġ
֮⻰Ժ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ˵һѽҲҪοң㲻⵵Ҳûж೤ʱˣֻǰѣҲûʲôźġ߶ߣǻʲô߷߲ƽأ
ǣͶˣ̩쵼£ȡ˳Ľ쵼ǵﶼġһοԷһŵģҪ˶ãһŵҪĸλȥġ
һ˵Ժ֮ͻȻЦһעеԺſ˵һѽ֪⻰ڰοң˵ʵ̹ô˵ллˣ
һ׼ǫ䣬֮ȴҡҡ֣˵һѽ֪Ҵ˿̶ڹٳʲô
֪Ǵͽ̡һʵ˵
ͽ̸ϣҲֻеⲽأɣ֮˵֮ǰ˵ȨҪݣ˭Ҳһίǣ˵ʵʱһоҲûУҵеһᡣĹ٣ȨҪݣΪֻҪһֽͷļͿʲôˡȨʱ򣬻ǶôΪط飬Ϊϰıȡһ棬ϰյĿڱѽ
һԺ̧ͷ˿֮ţԷһ࣬һȷʵķθ֮ԡ£ٳߵĻѾûʲôˣҸߣǡɸˣò˵֮ŵⷬдһδִ֮·зǳӰġ


һǧʮ ݷ
һڻŴͷϱԼطȲģһ뵽Դ뿪ӦԺҵʱûý
ܶ˶ǵʱˣһ䲻øʶ˶ʶ֪ҲĹɶ֮һֻΪԭ򣬲档
һʱǸˣһ˵ϾһۡʱһҪ̩УӦú٣ҲǼҴҵģԺ󣬾ȥˣûôϡۡ
һĻԺ󣬲ûпֻ赭д˵һ䣬Ҫȥе顣
Ҳ˾⻰Ժôˡһ̩е̩Ƿǳעģһôһ˵ȻΪˡһһۣ˵һѽȥæİɣæˣкһֵܺܳʱûһˣȻˣһҪúúܣ˵ǰɣ
ҵĵλѾ˿ɵѾ˼˭ĵƽʱǳעغϸùϵһ̩뷨ҲûлᡣΪһ飬̩ܵȥΪ˺ͶԷԳԺȺȣҲе̫˵ȥˡһȻŹĻᡣ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵УҪأһú߶һϰ壬ֻˣɱѽ
һĻ䣬ûڣѾ˵ˣЦ˵һѽǲ˽ѽҵƶˣƾԵȵ㣬ӦţһëҲ㲻ϰɣܣ˵ûɣ
⻰Ժſһۣûʲôѹ˵ܣʲôʱðǸСٽйһˣûʱ;ֵҿˣ
һһЦ⣬Ƶúܣ֪һڳʲôˣԴ˲Ȥǲû׷ʡϺ֮ദǢһﻹǺܿĵġͨʶģҲһֳɾ͸С
һϺƽʱģҪ漰ʱ򣬿һҲλ˵ڹٳ֮⣬ǳҪȻд޿ĵĹӴš
ϴδź˵İӹ̵飬ʱòʡﵹûʲôϢˣæ鵹ҲûôϡһӦ֮ǰˣҪʱĻ׼ϡʹһһۣڿ򵥵һ䵽ͷˣһȥµġҪǲ򵥵Ļ˵ܺ㼱һȻЩСͶԷ
һԺһϾվ뿪ˡ֮ǰһ˵绰ϵһʱ䣬ҪеĻҲԣô˵һҪһۡ
ǵϿҪźҢȵƣһûпֱϵĳ
·ԺϸһʱеҪʡ˰˵仰Ҳղűֵ˻һԭһ˵ͷû̫ȥҲĿģҪΪֵ֮֮飬ôʱ䣬һӵԸǺ˽ġ
ǰʻʮԺһӵӵĵ绰֣ôڻûйһ⻰еסˣʡ֮ǰѾ߹ԷˣӦ죬Ҫ飬ҪϲܻȥԷôʱ绰ء
һѯʣһ֪ԭ֣Ѿ˺ҡ˵Ǻϴ绰ȥģһ˵һ֪Ժ󣬸߶ԷѾڰ·ˣһܵˡ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһһۣϿҵ˵ϸ磬ллˣ
󣬺ǺһЦ˵ô֮õ˵ɵԽɫԺֵǲǶܸմֻү˱ȽϹŰ壬ϵ飬Һͺ϶ﲻʲôæֻܿԼˡǰ죬Һү˵ʱӡͦģԷҲ׿˵ģҿɲǺǣ
һ󣬵˵ͷϵļ£ʾԷˡ
Ϻͺ𲻾ؾٶʵϵڰһܴæһ£үӿŮŮһ޶Ǻѣټ¬ҵĽƣ£ôܻأ˵Ҫñ߹Ķѣ¬һȵģԣֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
һӳʱûŹʱǴƿơǽݷõͷȻǡҢƿƣһȴôǶԶԷأܲڿտݷʡίǰɣ
ҢȤܸߣΪԭȾƻֻһСȴһ㡣Ȼ飬һƿƼԺһ˵ʲôҲͬٿˡ̸µģɲǺȾƵġϼ״˵ͷʾ⡣
ԺһͺҢ鷿̸һСʱһ㡣ôʱ䣬˭Ҳ̸֪ʲô϶ûнȥʸúҢĻ˵ģЩ޹أúɣ
Դʱ򣬺лǿ˺ݺݸһԺǳ˲СĻ£϶үӶη壬һ˵ʲôʲôֻΨǴӵķݡ
ڻؼҵ·ϣ֣һѸղźͺҢ̸ݼ򵥵˵ԷĶ̩гһְǷǳ֧֣Ҳ˵úȷ²ôװģҪʡίǳԪ̬ȡ˵Ժ󣬺Ңû˵ǿڵʱһ˵ģûκ⡣


һǧʮһ 
ʱ䣬һݷ˻ʡĸλУʡίǳԪ¬ȰǰվȻŹȥģյĽӦûǺܲġ˴Σ¬һ¸ʡ̩гְûϴ֧֣Ȼǲеġ¬˴Ĺһȥʱ򣬲ûиоʲôѹ
֮ǰͺԼˣһԺ˺úþһۣص㶼ѡˣλӦϳ˽ˡ̸꿵˿ġʱһԹԺ󣬾úǲǱƼˡԺҲúܲС۵ʱһ㶼ѡѾ˽˵ˡ
һ뵽Ӧ˺ü죬ȴһֱûͶԷϵԷҪٲͶԷϵɾе˵ȥˡʱһ绰֣߶ԷʡԺ󣬾ֱӻ̩ˣϲȥˡ
һȻҲоôе㲻ףѾˣ볹׸ıĻȻǲܵġΨһľڿܵ£ЩŮŷ١̸ܿ꿡˵ʵ뵽ʱһܲ˵°˼ĸ߼Ƕ˵ûʲô⡣
һǺһģ֮ǰѾˡ
ſڵʱһһιʱȻͬһκ̸꿹ʱʱȽ磬ûôʲô˺ͳʱѾӽˣſͣ˺öȥ֮ǰӺˡ
ߵſڵʱһһŮܣþòѽʱǲǰСطˣ
⻰Ժһ̧ͷͿһӳǰ˵֮˽˵ϰ塪ˡ
һԷ֮ʱҲһһ㶣漴Ц绨˵ⲻ촦Ŷԣⲻгˣӭӭ
һЦ˵ϰ壬ԽԽ˰ҪǸܺ棬滳ǲߴضǾӪзѽͬǶĽʺѽ
һһ¾ϳһҲ֡ղڴ绰̸꿵ʱ򣬶Է˵Ҫȥ˽˳Է˵ҪأһûáĻҲһ֮ĹϵԣڹϣһϣĽ
̸꿵Ȼܶ˵ʲô֮ҪҲ˼УѾкܳһʱûһˣ͵ؽӵһĵ绰Ȼе㼤ԷԲŻиղǸ顣һԺ̸Ҳû⣬ֻ˵ļƵͣԺ󣬻˵һ䣬극Ժٺȵơ
һ󣬴ӦһԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
һԺ󣬾͸Ū¸ȥ֪ĳͣΪһĹϵ˾԰͵档һ֮ǰΣǵһܵĴ
ӯӯһյˮѾǷβһмĶŮֻԶۣ߽˵Ļ㼫Уһֱȡһ־Զ̬֮ȡ̳ĴŮ˶򵥣ײҪǰǣĻء
һ뷨Ҳƫһ㣬ڵʱ£ȷȷʵʵôġ
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˴Լʮңž͹ˡϣӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬴ŻǷǳģ͹ˣ˽Ͻߣ߹հģ̫ңŷ˺ôľŵ⡣ܳ磬ʱǳˡ
Ժ󣬴ǿġϺʲôͷȻƽʱҲнӴֻǵͷ֮ѣ벻һṩĻᣬﵱȻǸм
үλʱ򣬲ʲô⣬ŶõģԴ˶ԺܵǰĲࡣȫԼˣԴŶЩǷǳġ
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ģǳԷĹУŶԼλðڵúһˣȻ֪ǿΪĵһʵᣬʱʵǾϻȻı䣬ǾȥŬӦɣ
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һʹű߱ģߵſڵʱһˣڽŲȽϼײһϡһԱһ˹ȥ
ֻ˶ԷĲһȴʶĸо˾˭ͷȴôҲ벻ˡ


һǧʮ ջ
극Ժȥһ衣
һԡԺϢһᣬ뿪ˣȥڣֻ÷ʱһˡ
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һƿţһ˷䡣վסӣһһˣ䣬̸˾Ѿ˵һĻһеֲԷ§˻
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һ״Էǽ绨ӣȥ
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̸꿼龰һǺһЦ漴˵һ𼱣ٿ
䣬̸תȥһȲԲκͣ١Ϊ·Ƿ˺ܴ˼ҪöԷһԺһоڵġ
̸תʱһղŽֻ˶Էٷ֮ʮر֮ٷ֮ʮҪתܷ֡Ǵ濴СС㣬ʣխխһƬˡһ˿ڻȻˣԷϴľȻǶֿ㣬⻹Ĵ֮⡣
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˫ȫԺһûκԥֱֱȥ̸һЩͽУʼڵµʱȰѵƹϣûУƹⶼûüͽ⡣
Ҳ֮ǰȤµĴ̼Ҳǵƿţйܵǰδеĳ֮ʱ˱ƽʱͣŮ˱ƽʱУǵͺǳ֮ڶ
һ˰Сʱң˽˹غ֮ǰ˶ҾƵ֪꣬ĸЧ൱õģµʱ򣬺޹˼ɣ鷢й
̸꿰ùֽԺһֻСèһĻĳ˱׼һ֧º̵ģҲˡְѶԷ뻳УȻÿŮ˵ظţʱŮҪʲôĵظˡ
ϢƬԺ̸꿱һʡܶ
֮ǰһ͸߹ιĿˡöԼŮЩ̹ĻҲе̫ˡ̸꿵ʻԺ򵥵˵һ¡
̸ǿģһøˡ


һǧʮ ǿ
֮ʮһѮʱ뿪ģǰһϣһټеĳίһͣȻû˵ΪԷеζǳԡ˵ֲһ棬ѦڲԸǣͷ̩еʱ䣬һ֮֮ĺǱȽģ˵гʡȪ쵼ڣ֮˵þͻڱĵطˣһʱôҲΪԺ;֧ɣ
µҲ˵һˣΪ֮ŵʵϲûʲô̫⣬ֻ±̫ʱ˵ƨɵµλãһͲòλ
Ƕ˵֮ŵĸӦǳ飬һ棬Ȫưոݣһ棬ɽҲΪĻӦֻǳ顣ʱ䣬֮ſҲȪǶ˵۵㣬ԾڱЩʧ֮УҲ̫ۡһţ֮ŵﻹǷǳģϺ˲ٵľơ
֮뿪ĵڶ糿Ǿˡǰ죬صϢʹˣʡ鳤ǿ̩һείǣ̩ԭгһгҲǰһѦڲԸټίǳԷҪԭԪԺQճ䶨ʱȴʲôҲûţǲɽ¶ˮһһ֮Ľе̧ͷ
էһǿ̩һֵʱ򣬶мֲ죬תһ룬ˡλʡɽΪεˣϴζԷʡӲͿԿǿʱֻʡ鳤ϸ˵㲻ʡ쵼ļģɽ£Ӳؾͳʡ쵼֧Ȳνѽ̩г飬ǿͿ˵֮ˡ
һһδ¬ǵ֪ǿʱҲǳһѺɽߵñȽϽϸһ飬ע˼λʸϣ벻նԷĵƻǿ
е벻ˣ˵ɽʡʱ䲢Ҫ˰ʡտţʱѶԷ˵ѾʮİҰƽʡ顣ŹȻֵ˾壬ϸǲе֮Ͳö֪ˡ
⣬һһ벻׵ģǾǿɽ֮䵽ʲôϵҪǷ֮ǰĻ˲˽Ҳν飬Ȼʡʡ鳤һòźֱӴ򽻵ûҪ˽ôͬˡ
ǿΪ̩еίǣгֱַ¬ҺҵˣʱҪǲʲôǲ˹أȻ˵Ļǰ˽һϢ֮ĹϵԵúбҪˣҲб޻ѽ
һĹעԺ󣬻ûκջɽʡ֮ǰ֮ƺ޽ӡλʡʡϢԺǿͻȻ룬Ϊʡ鳤Ҫ˵֮ûйϵĻԲôɺϵġһ֮һĳϵֻû˽⵽ѣԺĹжģһ˽⵽Ϣġ
ǿµĵ죬ʡе⡣֯û⣬ɳ񸱲֣Ԩͷһ˸˾ú֣Ǿʡ칫ĸôҾùĲݣʡصͷǴɽģɾе˼ˡ
ɽôĿĺܼ򵥣ڸ̩еˣǶ۾һ㿴ˣǿɽˣҪǺȥĻǾ͵ڲʡӣǿɾͱˡ
һһĻʱȴе㲻ΪȻܻ쵽мģ˭ûоһƴɱƾһ˶סȻǳ롣ǿóֶҪ̩е˶ģȻǲܵģ˵ʡˣʡίǵΡһ˵ҵĵʡȻţ棬Ӧأ̩
ͨϴ֮Ȫ飬һǿ˻м˽ġƲɽ֮Ĺϵ̸ͦģͶԷʮֵľ񣬷ĻǲռϷ绹˵顣˼ұϾίǣֻгһֺͶ֮Ĳû޷ܵеģ൱ʵȥԶ
֣Ԩһһ̩ʱԪúܲģȴûУ̩еһĴ½ϱ֮ǰڵ֪һΪгʱеĽСӵڿԷ̩굹Ҳǰ׻ģӽѾ˲Сš˵ûԵ޹ʵİޣͬҲˣǿƵĺ̨ûĻҲ㡣
緹Ժ֣Ԩ׼ʡˣ뿪֮ǰǿһһн˺̩Сͻ֣ԨԺ󣬳ǿһ˵λѽ֧̣
֣Ԩ˵⻰ͬʱֱһ֧̹ȥ
һӹԺͳԷϻ𣬶ǿԹԵΪԼϻȻڽǿɳȥ
һΪ֣ԨʱԵظоԷüͷ壬Ȼǿ̫⡣ԺһŶԷ˵ͷߵɳ
֣Ԩȷʵе㲻֮ĹϵȻֲǿΪ𣬵ô˵ɣٿԱһء˵֮ļ൱֣ԨǴ֯ģ˵ǿһ쵼Ҳ֡ǿȻһǵ̬ҪŹأ
ǿҲ֣Ԩ˼ȴȻղôΪԶԷΪĶһ̵棬֣ԨҪԼƵĻҲûа취


һǧʮ 鳤
֣ԨԺһص˰칫ҡŷǰǿڸм쵼ϵĽϵղź֣ԨʱԷʹһе㲻̫ˡµĵһ쿪ʼǿ׼ˣƺҲ⡣ȻίǣϾէһʼԵΪҪˣֻǿͱ˵̬ǲˬ
ڸղŵļϣȻ˵֮ǰʲô⣬˶⣬ȥѾΪʷˣעδеĽ뷢չ˵⻰ĿĵȻҪΪǿ䣬㲻ǰѽҪ֪ĳⶼ̩֮ǰһʷľߣǵߣһ˵һӴһѽ
ʱվʣǣ֮ǰʲô⣬־жôشԪ֮ų⣬ֻܴǸˣܲ˵̩е϶ɣҲδ̫һ㡣
һʱ⻰Ժ󣬺ڳĴһǲˬԷһָ㽭ɽƣֵʱʲôҲû˵Ӳذȥɽ˰ǿ⣬һĿǾǼල̩˵ı֡ʱһԲɵԱģĻԴˮˡ
뵽ֲðˣһﻹơһֱ飬ô򵥵ҪҪʵҲô׵顣εʵѾ֤Ҫʵʵڵ飬ȰһһİʯῪĻ붼롣
Ҫ˵ںԪʱһе˼ɣԷϾ̩оӪʱ̸̫ڵģвĻױԷпٱ̵ΣաҪ֮ǰФӺҪһҲ©£ѺӡŴ׳ȫ˳£ǺܲסԪɾǹֵϴ£Ҫ۾ʵ̫ˡ
һ£Уκһڳ˴©˷ԪηӦĻ¹˭ֻ治һأ־ǰ֮һ֮ܰԪԪһ£ҪΪܹúã֮ǰԷûκ׼ĻΣ˭Ҳ˵
ǿʱһûǣԷȻίǣ˵һĨڣɽ֧֣ΣĹоϻǿѹͷߡ
˵̨ģ¬Ȼֻʡί֯ȥҪɽʡҪѷɫ٣浽̵ʱȫԺ˭Ҳ˵Һ¬ҵ˭ǿһ㣬Դ˵һ治˶Է
һ˼Ժһ˵ԣ׼һ¡Щ⿿˼ǽģǾϻɽǰ·ͷȻֱ
ϰʱԺһر˵ԡ׼վݱ裬ͻȻƵſ˵
һе棬˭һϰ͹أΪжϳⲻŵԺһվӭȥߣЦ˵ѽ鳤ãã
߳ɽܿһıԺﻹǺܿĵģ˴Ǵ˵ָʾ⣬Ҳ̽һ˼ί鳤Ȼίί˵ҲֻίĴܼңΪίǷġҲǵ֮Ÿյ̩ʱԭûһֵ֧֣ί鳤ɵĻʲô˼أ
ڣǿˣ߳ɽܵȻҲѡȥԷ᲻ܣɾ˵ˡ̩˭֪߳ɽǰί֮ŵˣ˭֪ǿǲб뷨绻һί鳤ʲôġµѶȻȽϴί鳤ίίʡܸɲ붯ܶģ֮ǰȽܿѽ
ȻֻԵеһ֣߳ɽȴòǵ㡣ί֮ߵýĻ֯࣬˼ҲõѽⲻȥͽǿԷҪͷʾأ
ί£Ǿ˽֪飬ǿէ̩¶ܺˣȻٲ˼֯ϡ֮ǰ˭ˣǿҵĻ⿿˾治תġ
һڸ߳ɽܵĵ⣬ܶԷʲôĿģʱİ칫ǾһźţȻסġ֮ǰ֮šԪ֮кЩСģġǿʡսԺ󣬰׼̩ץģɽ¬ϵĵһȻ顣Ļ˵һǿ֮ˮݶΪ
ǿίǣһ֣ƣһҪͶԷĻ˽ץס⣬ȡôί֧֣סڣһȱľڳίĿǰΪֹԼټϾίǿҲֻƱȻ޷ǿˡ
˵һ̩ҲʱˣӦֻ㽨ʵɲЩ鹹YYС˵ֻҪǵĻһ֮ɣ׷俿£Ϊ
֮ǰһֻһгڳίͲߣټϵ̩ʱ̣ᣬ˵ʡпɽ£Щίôأڣչ˲׵ĹҲȡһЩɼίǳԶͼίǿǽб˼Ҳû¶ġڲӲӥûʮֵİգǲվӵġ
һĿǰߣԾгԺҪĵһǺλίǸùϵȡ£߳ɽܾȻȻŹĺûᣬԱֵúǻ


һǧʮ 
Ժ·һ˳ȥٳ֮ʣԼϰϵı飬Ц⣬ں͸鳤֮ʣ֪ǶĶˡ
߳ɽܹʱһ۾Ϳˣæ첽ӭȥſڵʱһŶԷ˵鳤гԸĻҪͨ
߳ɽ⻰Ժһ㶣ֱŽȥ뻹š
±е㵣ģţڿϰıԺȷȫû⡣
Ϊһ飬¶ϰڵ뷨ĥһ߰˰ģǾ߿ʱȷһţѾڵίǱߣԭ档
һ߼λгκϰˣ̹ű֮ŵˣϰĹϵҲ֮ˣѡԶ׼ֹܳǽ͹ĸгܺȥƴʡԮʣµľͻʩΪһˣԪĵ֣䵽¼ҹ˵ĵزʲô뷨ϰһ֣ͷڶʱ֮Ʋ̫ķ
ίǵټΣȻϴƣϰҪʱ򷢰Ļ׻ø֧֣һںһֵĶУŲԿ
ܷ֮ڶΪ¬ҵĶԹ˽ġЩ飬һȻܶ˵ͨۿԷܸģټϻл˵ǻ۵Ľᾧ
뿪Ժһһ֧̹ȥЦ˵鳤̣
ллгǺǣ߳ɽͬЦ棬ֽӹһе̣׼ͷʱ򣬶ȴžһ漴һ˵鳤ϣ
߳ɽ⻰̧ͷһôŻĴ׼Ϊʱһ漴˵áá
ĹĹٳϣ̿ݣȴ㣬һĵĹأֻ¼ΪϼҲƽ֮ɣһϼ¼ģ֮١߳ɽܵȻ֪أŲԸܡ
һ״Ц˵鳤곤ֵ࣬Ϊϴ֧ʲôأ㲻Ӷɣ
߳ɽܻܾһһϣͷ̴յ˻ϣһڣȷԺ󣬱뿪ͬʱһֱ£Ҳ޵˵һлл
һΪԼϻԺЦ˵鳤֮ҲˣЩСºα˼ƽϣԺõŵĵطֻܿڡһһɣȻ£ĶԷ˼߳ɽҲһϹӣƾһ£´һʼɣȻײˣʹЩϸ֡˵ҲûκʧֻǰԷһ̶֧ѣеȴͬСɡӸ߳ɽܵĸղŵĶУԿԷѾȫܵˡ
˵Ժ󣬳⣬칫Ҳûþõģ˭Ҳûп˵һ仰⵹ʱʤ˶֪ôӺ˵ǿ̩δηչﶼû
߳ɽܹȻʾõ˼Ҫھ¶վһҲ²ġƲĶ˵ǿһġ֣̩ٳϾ˽֪飬£˭ҲߵĶȥ
˵һ̩еʱ䣬ҶѾԵ˵ǹ棬ǹٳǻ۷棬óʱԪӡ˶ʡıе㻳ɣȻһֱڴ˵ʡί֯¬ˣϾ˭ûۼģгλãΪ֤
ίǺгλٵıţ棬£˸СĽѡвĻ롣ȻҪѡĻʵ˽ԵúбҪˣԴ˿̴Ҷȡһֹ̬ơ
ʱ߳ɽܲڣһȻҲῪڡ߳ɽʱԽͶԽΪȻʲôҲû˵ǾԲôġгεĵ죬ί鳤칫Ҵ˺ܳʱ䣬ζʲôɵӶס
֪Ǹ߳ɽһ磬ǾҲһ£̵̻Ҹ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵гҹʵи֪ͨһ£ղ˵ʱ칫ٿǰ칫ᣬ׼ʱμӡ
ǰ칫᣿һʵԷ˵ͷԺЦ˵֪ˣͷ鳤ˡ
һէһٿǰ칫ʱȷʵе㼸ֹ졣Ҫڼǰٿǰ칫ȷʵģһЩȽشľٿί֮ǰǰ칫һͨһ£ʱͲˡ
ԴҪʡиطרְξͺڳˣԭܼ򵥡̩˵ڹʸμǰ칫ľˣίǿίǡгһίѦڡ
ͷĻ᱾ͱȽ϶࣬ûбҪרſᣬ˵֮ʲôأ˾ĳһ£ίȴΪȻʱֱĻӶԭ»ûϷ
߳ɽ˵˵ԺվЦ˵гһȥѦǶһˣͲˣݷã
鳤ˣӭֻںȲ衢̣һഫ֮飬ֱӴ绰ˣܹĻ⻹еⲻȥһһ˵
߳ɽ⻰ԺǺǺһЦ漴˵Угģ´ιרų̡Ȳ裡
һЦȻŸ߳ɽһơ߳ɽܻһȻ̧ǰȥһѸ߳ɽ͵칫ſڣûгţЩ鲻̫򲻴


һǧʮ ̽
߳ɽߺһͿʼǿٿǰ칫⣬˵յûҪæٿ飬Ĳ˵ȵðһ֮뿪ԺѾѺɽׯһű˳һ֪ģʱ̫æǱһû׼ء˵Щ鲻ҪǿԹʣҲùעһ°ɣȴʲôæٿǰ칫ȷʵе˾벻ף«ʲôҩ
Ȼ벻ףһҲͲȥˣĻ˷ʱ䲻˵ԼŶԷĽߣȻʲô¡
ʮʱһվ칫ȥˡʱ룬ʱȥӦãһȻû⵽¥Էİ칫ңӵʱֻ಻١
һӵʱ򣬿һվԶİ칫ſڡղųԷʱѾ֪ǿ鷽ǶԷʡֱӴģһĸ
Ϊ˵г͸ǴݹٵģһԺæһ·С˹Ц˵гã룡˵⻰Ժ΢΢һһĶ
һһʮ塢ˣȻԷ΢ЦֹõܾĶе㲻ԾɾĶһӻ˵һŷ˵ͷ󣬾̧ͷصĲǰȥ
ٽǿ칫ſڵʱ򣬷ǰΪһţͬʱ˵г룡Ȼ󣬵ȴ㹻ˡ⻰˵кһģ˵Ǹϰ壬гˡ
һԺ󣬼ǿдʲôĻԺɷнµվӰ칫ǰߣͬʱ˵гѽǺǣӭ
һע⵽Է֮ǰĶȻܴ󣬵ƹ칫ԺֻǰСվǲˣ˼ԣǰȥأԷ֣һǲˬΪԷûǰΪԷ֮ǰǹȲضȻֻ׼ӭȫ˹һ㣬αأ
һȻ˹ٳϵĶթЩСϸ϶ҪģǲˬںͶԷֵʱֻմմ־ɿˡһֱĹ۵˲ҲˣұطˡղǿıȻ㲻ַװƵ˼Ƚԣ£ȻԷɫˡ
ǿһıԺֵԲ¶һ˿ײЦ⣬漴ܺõ˹ȥ
֮ǰʡȻһһҪעһ˵˲СǿȴԴе㲻ΪȻ֪ɽ֮ԶһĿ࿴Ҫϴ̩ӲʱһıйءǴһӦԿܵĵʱıȷʵȦɵ㣬ʤȯյ²Ķ
ǿһֱڻ죬ǳҪһϾ̫ˣǿˣʱмأô˵ںͶԷУǾԲᴦ·ġӶԷղŵı־ͿԿֻ¶һ֮̽⣬ԷȻϵˣˬ֮ϣҸж
򵥵һҪϲŭɫԷ㻹ûأҪ̫һ㡣
ɳԺһͻȻټİ칫ǿ⣬ûбˣҲ˵ίѦڻûйءе㲻̫ˣһȻû̧ͷǽϵĹӣһԿ϶ھԲֹˡ
ǿղŵĵ֮飬ҲһɨˣҲʱѾˣֻ˵Ļ飬ھȻһûйԿҪһûаʱǵ⣬ϾԷг˵λҲǿ˵ƽɫټǿĿɽľٶƺΪ档
ڵһˣǸѦڵĸûйеǿѿˡϸ˵ѦίǣֱҲ˵ζֶ㲻һǿϵȻҲסˡæΪһݲķȵСȥһ£Ѧôûй
ƣһǴϿ˼ֲˬ˵Ҳòˡ⻰Ժ˵õġűԺһͳһ֧ȥЦ˵ǣȳ̡֧
ҸղųԷʱ򣬶˼֧ڲ̫顣˵Ժǿֲһ䣬лл
ǿһ֧мֳЦζȻܽӵģԺ־е̫ӲˣԲںּһ䣬ǻһ°ɡ
һԴΪȻžһϻԺȻԵõس
Ѧڰ칫ҵʱ򣬼Էר־ؿϵıֽǰ˵Ѧǣȥᡣ
Ŷ⻰Ѧװһγѵӣеıֽ˷һۣ˵ԭСѽ㿴ҹѧϰʡ쵼Ľˣûעʱ䣬ȹȥ
⻰Ժ󣬴ӦһתȥˡղŽŵʱ򣬾Ϳһ¶ԷеıֽǰֱԷţûпüȴһ֣Ȼ˵ˣǻ֮ҡҡͷ첽ϰİ칫ȥȥϰ㱨һȻһ磬г棬ǲ˵ġ
ڵ֪Ҫϰ浽̩ʱ򣬷ֱġûڵطϴȴ˵ӵúܡڿҲʵĻҪӣôʮֵľӦԣĻʲôľ棬ﻹûס


һǧʮ 
ǿĻػԺ󣬲ûж˵ʲôֻǴӱǿһĲˬ֮Ա֮ǰмѹ֮⣬ȥѦڰ칫ҵ̶̵ļʱڣıˡ
죬ǿ֮Ҫٿǰ칫ᣬʵҲûʲô顣ôĿֻΪʾһĴڣԵҪȻһҪöԷ̩еϴѿص㶨İ칫ҡǿΪߣҪѸٴ򿪾棬ҪһֵȨʲô¶óɡ
ȻҪǵȻԽԽãԸղײˡεĵٿعҪǴȥĻаһ
ĹоϻԻĲǿô㣬Ҫһģ˭֪ԷǺʶȤʱˣ˭֪ѦǶȴ⡣֮ǰԷûаʱǿסԼĲˬôĿĵȻ°ЦһȥѦڵʱתһ룬չĻҪĳԵǲıϣɴͲٲҴˡ
ѦڵǿԺ󣬺ڲ裬վԷİ칫ȥղôȻΪ֮ĻôΪֽ˿أ
ѦĿĺܼ򵥣ίǰʾһĴڡʱ䣬ƣԭܼ򵥣һгȻԭ̤ʵе޷ܡ
Ԫճǻᣬʡǻһܸðݵķ𶼰ˣյ㶼ˣǺܲ롣ͨ෽ԭԭʡɽгλã׼֡Ϣ˵ܴˣԪҲܹ֣ڹٳô꣬첲šȵĵǶġ
ΪѾϣѦȴͻȻõһϲԽϢǾί֮Ҳˣ޾֮·һӿճλãô˵̵ܹһɣ
ίǲȥģǿһ֣ûǸʡҲôصĵѹļϡгпܣίǣջĹٳĹ뼶Ҳ֮еġ
Ϊһж˳µʱʡй쵼ȴ͸¶һϢǾʡǿ̩ίǣһгλѹûѦʲô¡׼ȥӦϢԴʱ֪֯ͨѾ·ˣεǣզίǵ֮ǰ˴ͨ˶һʱҲˡ
ĲѦڵʱѾ־ȫˣλԺ֮Աֵ÷ǳкܴϵĻ⽫һξмٵĻˡ벻վȻһ˵͵ʴҲΪ
ʱѦѾˣҸվժӵļһʾһ·ŭ벻ûһᣬǿͰѻˡһҲ̫װˣµĵȻٿʲôǰ칫ᣬѦھ˻ᣬʾһĴڡٵȶԷ룬ֻеһУ뷨أ
ѦڴӰ칫ˣĲղŽȥϰ㱨ʱ򣬶Էɫǲƣ÷ǳҪλѦٲĻ浣ϰʹ˱ĻյùĻ
ǳͲϰﲻˬùľ飬ֻܳԼˣ쵼׽ˣȻ˳µؾͳ˶ԷйĶˡ
Ѧڿǿһģǵ⣬һгúʱôĿĺܼ򵥣ǿһ֪ǵĺ̨ôţ棬̩һĶֵϣ˭ҲҪѦô֮ǰҲ˼ɣڿ˵ˣŵĻЩЬģǲŽм˹أ
ԺѦڵͦøֱˣķڷǰȥ
һѦڽԺվŶԷ˵ͷȻкǹˣ
ò˵һֵ⣬ղǿıѾˣбҪǰٵһѻԪ̨Ժڱ˴˼γֱӵľϵһѦ֮ĹϵǱȽϽŵġһ߾ϣѦڵﵱȻǲˬ
Щ̩˵ﶼʲôܣǿϾէһһһáȻǿ֮ز٣ôһлԷ鷳ԵúбҪˡ
һı֣Ѧڻм֮еģĹоϻֲЦˣټǿİ칫档ɫسһ˵гˣղڰ칫еһ㣬
˵⻰ԺһѦһϵжʱԵúȻƺһǳҪ顣ίǵİ칫ңǴ˾һߣкûһֱһƨɳϡĿ⣬ƺûõĴѦڴ˿̵ıˡ
˵Ѧõίǣͨϰȥ˼ҴţҲ㣬ȻΪ֮ѦΪʲôҪأԭܼ򵥣ŵʱǿһû˵кˣʾһ¶ûСȻӣΪʲôҪأίǣһ֣أ㻹ܳҲɣ
ѦڽһᣬʾһĴڵģ˭֪˼ҸȻ˵ĻҲûҪԷˡ
һע⵽ѦڽԺǿ۾ⶢŶԷһʾҲûУֱɳµʱǿ͵س鴤¡һǱһ׽ˣ֪ҲкϷˡ


һǧʮ Ťͷ
һͳ׼ݸ˵ʱǿ˵Ժϣйصͬ־еʱʶ¡
һо˵⻰ʱǳ䣬ֱĸо֮ǰԤƵǿܻᱬû뵽ǣԷȻһֱ˵һ仰
⻰Ҫ֮ǰ֮ʱ˵ûʲô̫⣬ϾѦڳٵȣкںΪίǱʾһ²Ҳ֮Сǿ˵⻰ɾе֮ˣҪ֪ŸոյΣָյѦڣҪ˼ҲĻ̨ķݶûС
һע⵽ǿĻԺѦһ㶣漴ϵı˱仯ˬ֮һۿɼһʶԷҪˣ׼ְ֧ͳһ̵ݹȥǿѦ˶ţĻΪһʲôҲĻȥĻҲʲô¡
һĶ˰ģ̵һʱѦѾӦˡ
Ѧ챾ǱһģǿȻ˵ֱӴȻܰӲȥĻͲٵôһˡ̧ۿǿһۣ˵ǣҾͳٵôһᣬҲòϸ߰ɣˣ˵Ĺ鲻ܱȣɣʲôŰ죬ûҾе㲻ˣڸое㲻ԾҵȥҽԺǿɣλʱˣ˼ѽ
Ѧ˵⻰Ժ󣬲һŭݵǿһ΢΢˵ͷվȥˡ
ʷڵ֮䣬ǿһûüӦѦڵӰѾſʧˡ
ԺһҲվ˵ǣȻͬ־岻̫ҲȹȥˣµĻ绰ˡ
˵⻰ԺһҲվȥѦڶִԷˣһȻҲӸղǿԴѦڵ̬Էνǰ칫ĿҪΪװơȻ˵ĻȻòźˡ
ǿֱֱŲ輸豭ðŭ˼㡣ΪԼµ;ͷģ벻ȴһʼδں޲ðѦڸ̻ˣԷǳĴѽҪѦôĻһĶģĻͲ׼ʱˡ
ص칫Ժһ黹Ǻģ벻Ѧͬ־Ȼôֱͣƨˣλࡣе㲻Ѧɵԭ򣬵һԿ϶¶޺ȹһȷһĶ̩нҪϴƵľ棬Ϊ½гȻżһ˹Ҳɲ֮λ˵
ٽ°ʱί鳤߳ɽίǿİ칫ҡȻһҲȴò߳ɽܲԭܼ򵥣оλǴƺе㲻̫
ٿǻ칫֮ǰȥ֪ͨһѦڡ˵ô֪ϢԴǿĵ绰ίǴ绰ί鳤֪ͨг͸칫ҿᣬⱾǺ飬ڸ߳ɽ֮ǰմǿİ칫ҳʱû˵£º绰֪ͨġ
еֵˣ߳ɽܺ뵽Ĵ𰸾ǣ½ίܼǰ˸ҵİ칫أҾͲڣص칫ңٴ绰㲻ƨƨߵظɡ
⵱ȻֻǸ߳ɽܵ뷨ǲеС֮ĶȾ֮ʵ㻹ʲôõĽأҲʹղȥһİ칫ͨ̽һǿ᲻Ӧʱж̣ʱӦûûʱ򣬵ȴòȥˡ
̩һֱһĵĹأǾǳίб䶯ĻҶ۸ͣܽӷ绹ǼУʾһþۺɢ˼֮뿪ʱһټҾһһȻԪ˵͹ĳ⡣
˵Ըʲô˵飬ϾҪгί۵һµȻҪõίǵ׿ϣĻ˭Ҳ֮ŵ뿪ǸίǣܲԼټΪԼаɣ£ѦֲԸͷһվ˳ʱȻֻǳггķѾˣôҲûʲô⡣
ʱ򣬸߳ɽܾǿϴͳˣһֱڹעŶԷ칫ҵĶѦںһȺ뿪Ժ󣬸߳ɽܾ͸оһ㲻ԾȻǿ֪ͨٿǰ칫ᣬûôѽѦڽȥòһ̵֧Ĺûоͳˡ
ʶԺ󣬸߳ɽܸûйȥ뷨ˣԷȴٳٲ绰ҪǲȥһµĻۿҪ°ˣȳίǶˣٷ֪ͨĻûˡʱ򣬴ʮа˾ŻΪί鳤ĻưͳԻпأ߳ɽܰԺվίǵİ칫
ǿ߳ɽܵԺ󣬾׶ԷĿˣ֮ǰʹҾһ۵ġ̩Ҳһܺõᣬûɲץס˸ղŵ飬ʱôۣѦڿ϶ǲȥģһ˵Ϊ˱ʾԶԷ֧֣ҲҸڲȥĻҸ˸ˡ
ʶԺǿԸ߳ɽ˵鳤ҿҸۻ˰ɣղѦ˵е㲻̫гҲ˵е飬ҲвҪҿɣһжźˣپۣҲһ㣬㿴أ
Уǵġ߳ɽ˵ҪǾʲôʱۺʵĻ˵һ飬ţ
ã鷳鳤ˡǿ˵


һǧʮ Լ
칫ߵ·ϣ߳ɽܵеˣղŵǸǰ칫ᲢûпóɣĻӦǿѦ֮䷢ִѹǴΪγٳٲ绰֪ͨϳԷˣڿ֮ѽ
߳ɽ֮ԻжϣΪԷղŸɣһ;òסڼСʱ֮ǰոպѦչ棬ԷɫУҪҲĻ¥ûм˵ġ
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Фһ˵ҹĹˣǻĹأ⣬Ҫǵķɰ죡


һǧʮ 
ȻФֳһȻûбҪˣͶԷһкͺ뿪ˡͮʾҪһǸŮӡ˵ܵ˺ˣȥ¼ڹʲôĻǷǳ鷳ˣֲ̩ˣ಻㣬ͮҪȥһƵȻʲô
ϳ֮ǰһҪҪȥϷݸ衣ȥĵط̫ģȥϷûκκ֮ǡһ룬Ǿܾˡһ췢˺ܶ飬ҪؼԺúһۣʵûȤ
Ƽһϵɫ̫ã׼һЩ뷨ͶԷһµģ뻹ˣ˵ɡһߵñȽϽ¬ҵĶԹҲ˵һЩǿɽˣ£һȻΪгδƾΣ˭Ҳ˵ѹֶԷһصģˡ
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ɵԺ绰һᣬȻֺͶ˵䣬顣
ǿΪ˵ǰʯͷԼĽţʱԲʹģһİ취ڡôĿֻһǾҪԼȨڵ̩һֻ˳ֵ׼ģĻ˻뵽ʱһ¶һĨЦ⣬Էмڴ֮⡣
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ڵ˵ط˿ɲһˣȻίҲǿһؼеϴֵƹǧƽأʮ˿ڣɲһţ棬൱ţ档
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ǿѾСʱ֮ˣȻһȴڸתţ˼ŶԲߡ³ԺҪǲ㷴ӳҪ˵ᱻһЦԼҲʲ
Сʱ֮ǰѾɽֻˣԷһӹĴųԷӵ绰Էһ£˵аСʱͲˣǿû취ֻĵصȴš
ǿһ֧̣ͷϸ˼һ£Ծ͸ԷҩίǲŻѷתΪڹٳл켣ˣǿٵʲôˣֻҪвͷϵĹñӣô˵ʲôʲô
ٸ򵥵ӣ̩еĸг˵¸ĶЩûʲôǰ;Ĳί֣ȨһίǣܶôţίǣθгĻᣬΪʲôأ𰸺ܼ򵥣һֻȽ˸λĿܣĻֻһӵίˡ
ǿѳһ̻ҸʱˣٴβͨʡɽֻȻ֪Է˽˺룬ǲĹš˾ػ㱨ȻӲӦеĳ
ǿôΪʮ㣬ʵȴ˷ǳҪһ㣬ίǣҪ㱨ĻһѡӦʡίǳԪʡɽֻȴȻδԷ㱨Ȼ顣
绰ͨԺǿʵʡûʱأе㱨һ¡
ǿңʲô£С˵ղžʹ绰ˣ绰ͷɽȵ
ԭ˿ֻɽϣǿĺԺ󣬾ֱ˽˵֮ǰǿʹ绰ˣԷŸոոΣôȲش绰һʲô飬Ե绰ͨԺѯʵ
ѽ磡ǿֻ˵ҵ̩ˣѾ绰㱨һ¡
ɽ⻰Ժڵ绰ͷǺһЦ漴˵ǿ֮ûҪЩ˰ɣʲôֱ˵Ұŵ̩ȥģʲôĻһġ
⻰Ժǿֻһɼ֮ӿͷ漴Ͱ緢˵˳˵Ժͣ٣Ž˵磬ܲܰѦڡ


һǧʮ ֵ
ڣףŮͬഺ쿪ģ
ǿѽҪ˵뷨ǺͿѽɽڵ绰ͷ˵֮мʧ֮⡣
ǿɽĻԺ󣬳һʡôʱɽһֱͦߵģ⻹һδӶԷĻ֮Уʧ֮⡣һ֪ڲʱĻܻӲ⡣
ɽǿûпڣͣԺ󣬽˵ǿѽ˼Ѧڴ̩ߣƿȫˣûΪʹ˱һţô죬ܲڰȫ˰ɣ
ǿɽĻԺһ𣬿֮ǰȷʵˡǿԭ뷨ǽѦڵսߵɣ£ҪǲҵķӦĻ˼п«ư뷨֧£ͨɽѶԷߣ㲻еĻ㵽˴Эȥ֮Ҫίǵλó
ɽһ˵ʶ֮ǰȷʵе򵥻ˡίǵԺ󣬾ֱӰѸǸ֧ˣ£׳ֽһ֮ǰ뵽ģҶǿӲ׷Ͷһɽ˵ģαţίǹ£̩ɽΪ¼ҹˡ
ֿֵһĸʲߣΪǣһˣǾίǡгһȣûѶԷôһĻ˻׷Ƕܣ
뵽ʱǿʶ֮ǰǸڰ˰һǱ߸ϣûбˡɽղ֮ûаѻ˵͸ȻΪչӣղѡ
磬֪ôˣллѣǿϿҵ˵
ǿѽͨˣոȥּŰѹɺõͷȻǺõģһϻһڲһھһڳԲһӡ֮ǰĹãĸλҲͦ࣬ΨûжһľҲһҪȥԭ㲻ҪʲôĥĵطǶ๵ͨǿĳ˵
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬺ղѣæŵ绰˵磬лĹģҸ鷳ˣģһ㶪ġ
ãǿ룬Ҿͷˡɽڵ绰ͷĵ˵ֵģһܶϽ𡣡
˺ɽͨԺǿϳһϸܵĺ顣ⲻʡȨ£뵽֮ǰǸ뷨пܴغųġ֮ǰʡֱҲһЩ͵طȣЩֱˡЩڵطϻļһһǳ˾ĽɫѦڸһԺ󣬲һ˶ſЦأ
뵽ʱǿĺֱð亹߳һĳ壬ҪǸʱ򣬲˵䣬ҲˡԺһҪʾĻԺ˭ίǷأͬʱӦҲ̫ǿˣΪＫط
ҹ̩еĵһֶ龫ǣʱǲҪֻԱǰһ棬ʵҲ಻Ϊ˵֮֮жиеѴ֮ԸܲΪûаˡ
ڶ죬һֱ°ʱһû˵ίǱʲôϢʱĿǿںѦڶݵʱ򣬲ѱˡվ뿪ʱ򣬶ԷĺԵرüǷŭ˼ı֡ôһԷһŭ֮Ҳûˣе㲻ϳ
Ѧڵ˵ǿǳԺ󣬵칫ʰһ¶˾ֱӰ͵ҽȥˡ˵Ժ󣬾ͰסԺѦͬ־ûиʮǲصλġ
ԺһҲʶԺ󲻹ܵʲôλϣѦ״̬ǧǡһڵ;ûʲô׷Ļ㻹ûа취ԸӲҪĻյĽֻǸԼҲڣڸͺǿһ
ϵ飬һϰФ͹㱨ˣһȷʵձûȴṩ˺Ϸ뾳ʮа˾ڵҲ£֪ͨʲôֶλ쵽ˡǱΪ⼮ο͵ͿԺΪˣ˭֪һʵʵߵ˸ְϣûߵԷԼݽˡ
ȻңһȻûбҪǻʱ䣬ФŰ죬ܱ֮ӡФ󣬵˵ͷʾһ״һ£˵ǰʱᵽģھʶĹ׼ôˣ
Ŷ׼ˣѾίԼֳͨˣӦòֻڻûСĻǲǶе̫ˣФʵ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼ֪Ф˵ʲô飬һ˵㲻ҪģȻ㵣ֳֻҪĻ˭Ҳʲôɣʲôʱпգಿͨһ¡
һҲ֪˵Ϊ
һ⻰Ժ󣬳Фҡҡ֣˵֮仹Ҫ˵ЩʱҲ첻˵ҲһȰ¸㶨ģĻ˭Ҳ˼ɺùġ
Ф⻰Ժֻǵ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô
һ֮ФضԹϵͳڲеҪǺǿйءҪĲţһǲ֣һǹ֣һȨһˡ˵ŶϽģûĸίǲֵġ
һҪõľŵĹǹϵͳФţϣκղźФ˵ҲĻ֮ǰˣԺĵһǰѶԷƽһǵƵҪһ棬ô˵öԼֵи


һǧʮ 
ʱ䣬ǿûзκҲûκζ⼸ʱ棬˾ίǿ⣬гίͨһһΪǿھ棬̫ϣΪѾԷԼĹϵԲŻôȥ
һҲƵ뷨ģԷȻôˣͲˣĻڰ˺ͶԷ̨Ϸˡ˵ϵͬעҪΪ֣ҲڶԷһΣͰѼɣĻױΪأɲһҪĽ
˵Щί᲻ᱻǿ£ȥһ㣬һһҲġܻ쵽ίίģ˭ɵأƾһοտڰ׻ͼᶨƵվǱȥˣǾԲܵ顣˵δؾǺ£һŸɴöԷһ˵˵ҵʳԡ
죬һҲûţֱ֯ίǳԶ˽ôĿĵȻΪФ顣˸һǵĿԺ󣬶鶼ʾ֧֡
Բ˵֮ŵˣ֮ǰһߵñȽϽʱڿǲǵԷ߶һ¡˵߳ɽڶµĵ͹ˡĻᣬȻʹ˷Ź
˵˶һֹ̬ȣﶼֻ̩ܳľģҲ˵ѦڻѾų⡣˭Ҳһûκ׷˺ģĻ˵ӽˮ졣
£ҪվίǿǱߣҪгһ£ȻҲ߲ǽɣȻû뷨֮ŹʱͲôĿȥˡ
ǽȻ߲ȥܲķƣҪ̵κκô˵ˣν߲߶ˣ򲻵ѣû˻Ըѡ·ġ
Ȼû¶ľվı˵һߡԷȻᣬһЩֶΣҲ᲻ɫͰԪƷˡ໹һ뷨ͬԴһᡣĹоϻϲ١˼Ȼᣬ֪պصʲôزںԵĻָжأ
뷨һͨȻ÷κξˡֻһФ飬Էˡ˵֮뿪ñȽͻȻﻹм͸λÿأʱһ
һŶԷЦЦûж˵ʲô
棬ҪʲôҪڵ˵Ǿûκ˼ˣʱһ飬һϸ΢ĶԷܸܵе˼ˣνֻ᲻Դ
뿪ʱһվ͡͵ſڵʱͣס˽Ųʱ̫飬Ļ˾еȲʱڣִͻ򶼺Ҫ˲УǷҲУ׼ȷذգҪ湦ˡ
һע⵽ڰ칫ֹʱ򣬼һ˵ôҲǶԷԸ⿴ĽʵһҲ֣ԷȻѾֳһԣϾûȫ⣬ʱҪԵ̫ĻɶԷ淴Ϊڿ
һ¶ǿǶԷγҲڹעֻҪ˴칫ҽСʱԺǱһͻ֪ˡ಻ںǱ֪ȴںһı֡
ذѶԷ͵⣬Ǿе˵˼ǿҪ֪Ļʮа˾ŻΪѾվˣʵȴûУһ££ôûأ˵ͷվǿǱȥһǲɵµġ
⣬ѧʴأڲŲʱǧܶ벽
ίǳԶʱһ˲Сľͼ֮Ǻ顣
Զϸϵͳϴ󣬵֮źԪϵʱһֱǸǽɣֱԪͨԪţͷԺ˼ǶϵͳҲ岻֡ԶʱʵϾһ˾һʱ£ҲֻϵһƱѣ˿ûпǹϵͳӰ
Ԫ̨ˣԪҲǣ˽ȥȻոʧء׵ĴʱФ˵ĻԷһ֧£ɷǳвԲ׾ٵ֧ġ
һ÷ǳҲûдóԶ޳֧⼸ǲܵ飬¶ԷһƲȥĵض֮ô˵ΪίǿǶ
һȻ֯кˣʱ򣬼ҲһڳίϰФóۡǿȻ͵֪Ҫ̩ˣ֪ܲФһˣ£һԸ⿴°ɹ
ڳէȻֱ˵ʱĻһҲһԵġ£ķӦǰ˽ߣ˭ʵѡأ⣬꺢֪ͯ𰸡ίǹֱֳ쵼ϣ⣬˭зȨأҲ˵ʱԵ÷ǳؼˡ
һίĹͨˣֱ֤Ʊʤ㲻ԶĻ¶첻ɣԭܼ򵥡ԶФֳʱж̣дٶǿһ˳ŸģֻҪһ仰Ǿ͵ȵ˵ɣһһ취Ҳûˡ
㲻׼˾ҾֱĻᶼ㣬ֱڳ̸ʱ򣬾ͰˣһֵȨôҲֻиɵ۵ķݡ


һǧʮ 
пֵܳ⣬һˣҲһҪȡóԶֵ֧ҪԭΪˣ˺ͶԷнĳ⡣˵ٳ̳һûԶĵˣֻԶ档һͳԶ֮ǰ˵ǵˣͷ㲻ϡֻҪԷ㹻棬Զܾġ
Զһ˵׼ѹֵİһԸ㶨е׶Է˼ˡİŽ᲻ܶ쵳ί˵֮ص飬ϵͳҪԲԶ֤ӵսǱģȻⲻһҪ˵ص㡣
һԺһܳʵԵĶųԶ˵ǣҾФͬ־ȻѾǴֳˣǳ񸱾ֳһְͲҪٵˣҲͬ־Ļᣬ˵ǰɣ
ʱ򣬳ԶҪ˵ǣǲŽӽˮأ˵ͷ
ϵͳˣѡһҪǰѰѹأܱ֤ѡ˾쵼ã³ǿǧҪƴѽһһϿҵ˵
Զ⻰Ժ󣬶پֿЦ֮У˵أ˵ǣڶԷٲȻȡλáЩĲˬԶҲòʵϾǰԪľӪ£Ͱһ㣬޴Ӳ֡һ㻹óһֵλøӦ൱ˡһ룬Ҳûʲôƽˡ
ԶܿԼһ˵ѽֵİȷʵҪʵҪȻڸɹʱﶼе㲻̤ʵɲڸɳɼѽ뷨ˣֻǰʱԡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦûнŶԷĻͷ˵ȥƯ˵ײˣҲͷ飬һҪǽ첻꣬һ꣬Էδû硣Щ飬ˣûҪ˵Ļñ˴⣬ûκá
Զ뿪ʱһֻԵǰվԭأŶԷ֡
֮ڳҲһֺϵȻ˵ĻһûҪԷʲôˡͳԶڵĽһӶġҪǿʡսּŽФ飬ԷûкʱȻ˵Ļö˵ļӣҪϵģĻ˸Ϊ۸ˡ
ԶһɵҲֲ֣ԷȻŶ̶̵ģһʱ䣬ĿǰĵλԼ֮ǰţԶԶܹġ£ԷȻ֮ϵʱˡ
ȳԶԺһûе飬ֱ绰Ф˹ȥʱ򣬾ȥԷİ칫ң¸ʵˡФ󣬵ȻһڴӦҪʵλֱ쵼ӻҪģ׼ùȥݷˣֻʱҪȴһ֪ͨ
һ񸱾ֳλøԶܻФһϵ֧⣬һĿģǾҳ泵ϵˡһҪĳ̶ֳ˵һֳλáԶίǵλ˺ܳʱˣڹڲһһĸġЩʼŲФ˵Բʲô£ܽع⣬ҲǲĽˡ
֮ǰһ˳Ԫ龾һܴԭФһֱڰصע⣬ûھ﹫غԪ͵طѵʱ򣬷ȡóɹ
֮ǰǹغͶԷɵĻ¹˭֣һ˵顣Ԫ֮ǰǺܷһ˼ӪģҲФԺҪвɲһҪԭֻܳԪ֮ǰµӰ졣
ʱˣҪ󶯸ɸܸ㶨£ҪǶԷεʱͺĻ֪ڳԶҪٺФһ㵱Ǹһ׿ɾˣԴ˵һԸ񸱾ֳλó
һĻԶȻȻͳˮˣʱФϼӷŶԷѳʲôġǻĹ˵Ǿϻǹ׶㣬ѷܰѰǹٺòˡ
ϣһͽӵФĵ绰ԶƼγ񸱾ֳѡȻܽͨͺڵھһ͵ʸ񸱾ֳ벻Ĵ˳ԶĴ⵹ʵе˵֮⣬Ҳ⣬֮޼ôһˣеƺҲ֮е顣
һ֪ѡԺԷſһģФ˵ѾʮˣԸƺӦòôǿˣвӦò󣬵ȻҲܷɾ衣ںФͨ绰ʱǿһ㣬ӶԷĻпóȻûа̫һ顣
һҲ˵еϵһȹʱٺͶԷ̸£쾯ӡڵ˵ǻǺģҲܵģһֵĽŸոտʼ˭Ҳ֪һʲô
һ뵽ʱϵĵ绰ͻȻһί鳤߳ɽܵԷŵٿίᣬʱ׼ʱμӡ
һӦһԺʵ鳤ʲô
Ŷгû˵һվһᣬԷƺǺǣ߳ɽЦ˵
һ⻰ԺҲڶԷǺЦ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһΪԼһ֧̣Ҫĥһǿ«﾿ʲôҩ˵ѳίγ֪ͨϣͷ򵥵˵һܿ԰ɣͬ߳ɽܵĿǿƺ׼͸ڷ⵹͹°˵³һе棬Էγίϸʲô


һǧʮ Ͷʯ·
˵ʮʱһŵλʮ¥ĳί칫ңһҲģǿǰ浽Ӷ²̨ԷԸһγίĻᣬһҲκġҪ֪һ£гڿǰӵһǰӵҪǿǰĻֻ˵Էǳĵˣʱβһп
һȥʱ򣬳ǿѦ⣬˶ѾˣȻ֮ǰĵǲܷģǿû̫ͿѦڣĻʱ֮ӦöˡΪԭסԺˣܲڽסȥͳɣҲе̫ˣ˵ίסԺºסҲûʲô̫
һѦڵһҲģ£һﳣίôȣҲѦڿǽȥˡϿ϶ԷһҪԭؼǣѦǾԲվġΪгһ»ԹֻҪƨɵµλûʲô仯ɸΪ񲯵ĿԾͲ̫
Ҫ˵֮ǰһе㵣Ѧڻ῿ǿǱȥϴεԺҲһҲõˡѦڲܿͬҲܿԷǱȥһĻûʲôõĵˡĻӴԺѦڽڳίңڵһǽɺȣҪѷɫ֡
ǽȻȥκһձ̬ʱǻǻѡվǿƵһڻǰѴƵһˣֻǶ²ˡĻɵ䲻ּƽϣǶһЩģ֪ʵ
ѦûⷽĹǣ˾Ϊǿһ֮ì޷һģȻԺЩìܵʱ򣬿ۣʱ֮ڣƺҵôǰӣͬ۹ӦԵ顣
һں˼ʱǿѾ߽˻ҡҲ̩жԣǸˣȻλߣҲûйװƣֱߵԼλǰȥ
Ҫίǵڼ򵥲ˣֻҪص쵼ƽˡ䲻һ仰˵УУҲУ˵㲻оͲУҲС⻰Ȼ˵ƫƬһ㣬ȷʵҲ˻ϴڵһЩ֮
ڵ˶һ£ҪʵȨһ£ûһֵȨ֮ǰίһ衣ǿ˼תԽԽ̵ʶ
ԺǿɨȫһۣȻ󿪿˵˰ɣУͿˡѴټ˴ʡ龫⣬Ҫʹһ£ãѧϰʡί֯ڸɲ÷¹涨֯ಿʹһѧϰ
⻰Ժ󣬶עе˼ϡ಻ɫһȻſ˵ǰʱ䣬ȥʡμһ飬ǵҪҰѻ龫ʹһ
˵ⷬʱһ¹̬ȣ۾û뿪еǷݲϣûǿǶһۡǳԷղŵһ˲⣬ѾվԷǱȥˣԴ˿óһ̬
һıԺ֪ǿļƲߣԷһˣ򲻿һͰ֯׳Ȼ˵ĻһҲûʲôù˼ɵˣһ仰ˮڣûʲôõĵġԺŲæطǰıʼǱšֱʵıף׼¼¶Էʡί֯ϵҪ
ŷļʱ̧ͷһһۡղ֮Խװһ¹ļƣǲһʲô⡣˵һֱĿǰΪֹû¶ģеƽһһߵġƲԷᡢʵɲ˵վŵĿʡί֯ǿǼĶͷ˾òǵ⡣
һϲûʲô쳣ı飬ŵǸ˵Ҳ֪һܱԷ͸ŪסˣЩ鲻ۿﻹûʲôףеˣеļش
ǿڼഫ龫ʱ۾ʹԶûţ˵һһɨ˵ʵ˿̣һҲûСʱ˵ͳίǽһһͨӦ˵ҲȡһЧλдһ顣˵ˣճҲЩ˱ϺЦ˵ڱͱأ
ǿٿίеԽʯ˼ҪЩȷʵ׼£ЩֻڱϷ֮üȳ࣬Ϊλ֯סġ
뵽¬ֱ쵼ǿû벻£ŰѶԷյ£ɾе˼ˡȻ˵Ļ֮õϰյĽƺе㲻̫롣һûĵ඼ǲŲæģԼƲһɶò˵ǿеЩʧ
ǿʶһעʲôջˣҲͲٷǸ˼ˣעίϡЩ˶Ǿþ̵ģôܰ뷨ϣһΣϴʱñϵıʼǱдʲôȥһǳļơ
һ˿Ҳûţ䲻ǿʲôһԿ϶ԷһɵʲôԳ˶Է˵ʱҲĿⶨ˶ԷϣϣܷһЩȤĶ


һǧʮ ڿԼ
ഫļԺ󣬾Ͳٿˣɮ붨һ㡣е㲻̫ȷǿôǲйڿӵ˼һԿ϶ǾѾԽԽһˡ
ǿǲΪ֮һԿ϶ԷûΡȻ˵ĻʲôҪڶԷĺأڵǳ΢ʱվӣҪվ붯ĻǼǲܵ顣ĻյĽпֺ߲ã˵͵òѦڵĺ󳾡
ǿ״˵ղಿ񣬴Ҫúһ£ʡί·ĺʹѧϰһ£ǹڼǿɲ跽ģҲҪעҪܹ¼ǰʱ䣬˲ٵ飬ʵ֤ǵĴͬ־ܾһгˣ˵ǰɣ
֮ǰ˶ǿ˵ǿջ׻벻£ͻȻһ֣Ͳò˵˼ˡ
һԷ⻰Ժʲôˣǿ̩гίоûǱȽ͸ģҶԵĲȡ˴ʩղô˵ȻڰָһԪ̨飬ʱᣬΪ˵У֮ǰԪǱߵģǻѾļɣ
˵֮ǰԼУȻҲ֪Է֮ǰ֮ŵˣҺԼߵñȽϽԲʹơ
һԽԽǿ򵥣˼ܲ˵ԵĲȡʩȷʵһ̫׶ԸĽɫֻһһϵеҲоһ㲻㣬Ǿ̫Сίǣɲ׶԰ʦʲô鶼ǵˣ˸أĶίίǿɲ׶԰Сѣƣ
ǿȻûһʶ˵⻰ԺسԷǶһۣһĵ֮ɫ֪ղǻһôˬҲҲķģΪղǻȻʵԷȷʵڿ䣬Ҳʵǵ˵һٿίᣬҪֳԱǿ˵ҲһβСʤοкأ
һҪʱٲԷĻǽǳǿʱûм˵ȥȻҪ˶ܵһΣԹͣ˻ͷ
õĻᣬһûɲãЦһ˵лǵĿ佱Υ棬Υ󣬻ÿԱְ𣬲ôģͬ־ôģȻ治ǿǣ˵ǰɣ
һ˵Ժͣס˻ͷڳ϶һƬȻղǿǻȷʵһˮ˼ǱϾһ£һ⻰е˼ˣѵǺгڵһγίϾҪ˺Ƥ
ڴɻ֮ʣһЦŲһ䣬ʱǿǻʡ뷨ҲǱ޳Īѽǣǰɣ
һôһ˵ﶼһûоʹ˺ǿ˺Ƥ˼ֻղ˵ǻʱǿδ̫һ㡣⣬֪
ǿ˿Ƶ˼㣬һһ˭֪ȴǰʯͷԼĽšﲻˬ˼㣬˿ȴһҲܱ¶Ļɾе˵ȥˡֳ˶óģһֻӦԣ˼Ҳ̨ĻᣬҪһеĻ˲Ľ͵һ˳еˡ
ǿȻɵƣ̩͵гί棬һ˺ƤĻ⴫ȥɽ֪ԺҲġ
ʶԺǿϼһ˿΢ЦȻһ˵г˵öԣһֱúźѽôһʹҲսĻᣬ˵ˣĻỹٵã˵ǰɣ
ǿ⻰Ժ˶ں˵ǵġǵģ·˵⻰ͲƵġһԴֻһЦ֮ĿѾﵽˣ˵Էξ¿Ѿûйϵˡ
ǿòװԼµĿӣȻͣһشļľļܳ˵һЩ̸⣬ʡʱӶйԱ飬̩гҪ׷ΣίǵƨҲôɾġ£ʡﵱȻбҪѷĹصһᡣ
СʱǿŽļļܳһ͹۷棬ĽҲȷʵϸµģ֪Ϊ˰ѸղŵΣȷʵ֮ǰ¹֮ǿλίչʾһ
μӹƻ˶֪ܶ೤ķԣ¸ӳ쵼ٳӡٳʱ䶼̫ٳӵĻǾ˵ˡ쵼Ϊȷʵ뷨ڿʱ򣬲֪ؾͰԼ˼·ȥ˵ˣû⣬ڲμӻͬ־ᾫץסص㡣
ò˵ǵĸɲ棬Щ˵ˮƽȷʵҹάûˮƽҲͰˣֳɵģֻҪձƾˣЩƫƫô죬ûˮƽϲɷӡһĻˣﲻ˵˵ų̂꣬Ͽ´ʣǻ˯ֱ֪ơ
ǿȻʱһڻܿסص㣬⵹̫أֻ˷һʱѡ
ôʱķԺǿץϵĲ豭͹ڣȻŴ˵ӵʱһ£Ȼһ̸һ̸ݱԺĸܡԺѧϰʡйļԺ󣬶Ҫһ뷴ĻڣܵذĻ鿪ʵһ㡣ãҿʼ׼
˵Ժǿֵ˿ֱ׼ʱһ㡣


һǧʮ 
ʱ䵽Ժǿָʾĩλ̩ίǺκſʼκűԪˣڶԷ϶ָϣһǿҴ󴬣ԼԷʾ⣬ԥ̸ԼĸһǳطԺϵԼίǵְ˵һǿ˵ͷʾķˡ
ǿ״˵ͷ漴˵òҿԾģʽȥ̸
κ⻰Ժϵ˷֮ɫݼţˣü֮ĵ֮黹һܿ˿̵顣
Եί鳤߳ɽܺᣬ˶ֻ򵥵˵ͽˡⱾһ˭ҪǰķԵĻֻ˵ɣȻκôͼۡ
˷ԽԺ󣬱ֵ̩ίǿˡ̧ͷǿһۣȻ󿪿˵ǣǵطϵ飬ҾͲˣͬ־̸ɣ
˵⻰ԺϵĲ豭Ժᴵ¸ĲҶȻغ
ղţһԺȻ˵̬ȶ飬׷׵ͷ⣬ֻǿһߵߺ䡣˿ܻ˼ɣǿȴЩ˵һѾгˣǵ껹ǳгʱҲǼᶨվڶԷġ
ڳ˶֪ǿһеװƣ˭ûվ˵ƣ಻κ£㵽ֹͿˣǿȴЩʲô뷨ֱ˵˳
һΪǿԸ񣬵Ķֱӣһ棬Ҳȷʵôίǵ̣˵ԷҲھְ˭ֻһְѡһҲĶԷܰΣʵĵط;ӵĹϵίǻ治ܰѾίôοϻվһǿ¬ңǿԲԱ˳źǿȥϾġ
ǿķԺǿüͷһ壬˵ʲôתһ룬ȴ뷨ֱ˵УίǾͬ־Ĺȷʵûʲôϵãͬ־ԡ
֯࣬ίǳԶίǿ̸ֱԼʶ˵ķԱǰλҪϸһ㣬ϾֹܵĲŻٵеϵ˵ҲӦõġ
ǿ˵Ժǿ˵һ䣬г̸䣬һſ˿ڡ˵ĺܼ򵥣ȸ߳ɽٲࡣǿʽĶȻûҪԷӡ
ǿʲôҲû˵ܽᷢԡϣٺһĻʮа˾Ż·磬ϾĹ˵ģҪʵʵʵڵжСԷⷽʵʵɼģƾһ㣬Է˿ڣԻǶԷһΪ
ǿԺ󣬾Ϳ˵֮ǰ֯һݱϵ⡣֮ǰಿҽʱ˵ģ鲻ĻʼţȻԹӰ죬ҾýǾһɣ
ǿͣԺ󣬼˵⼸λҪ漰طй֡ίɽأಿΪһܡ
Է俴֮ʵȴǰһɵüͷǿдĸλãһйֳֵίκɽصĸس˵ȱλãҲûнίǰĵίרΪίǡǷģʲôʱȻֺܵȥˡ
⻰Ҫ˵ģί鳤߳ɽܿҪˣǿ˵ģôˬҲֻû
һǿίһ۾ܿϣ۹ֵѡһüͷԭ⣬ԷǱФˣǿίǲõˣȴһ֪ĳλûгɹҲûʲô˵ģΪҿΪ˶˵ô̫Ҫģϲ϶ν
һȴȻܽФƵֳλϣǶ̩ȨӰ콫Ƿǳ޴ġһ£һгԼĵϵܽλԺ˭أ
Ӱ⣬³Ժ󣬶ФĴҲǷǳ޴ġǴֳ֯£ֳǰȥֻһʱ⡣ʱĻܲܳҲ˵ͦԺ̩й滹ôأ˭أ
ʱһŷ֮ǰˣһζֻž䣬շԼУʱ򣬲㣬ȻѾˡһ˿ֻܼϣ㣬һǿûɫʵѡڶίǶ֧֡
ǿûֵ֧ˣǺһԵòô̫ҪˣΪ˭һѡФġ£˭Ա˳ţһ=Фأ
ǿҲкʵѡĻǾζҪʹ˽һˡ£ҪλίǶֵ֧ˡ֮ǰķվǿǱߵֻ̩ίǺκšǸʲôһﻹеûףΪ̵ʱ򣬺ֱӰԼĹ۵ģʱ򣬾¹˭֣һ˵ѽ顣
һЩʱ򣬼ѾѼλԼӦѡ˽ܡڴ˹Уûκԣһ¹ζ
һһ£ڼ˵ίκѡ˵ʱǿһ˿仯ĻΪѡ˵ί츱ǮѾǱˡ
һ˵ҪĵǶԷûǹֳĺѡˣҪ


һǧʮ ׳ѡ
˵ԺǿɨһۣȻ󿪿˵λ⼸ְλղಿΪ˽ܣǾһ¡ҰҵĹ۵Ȱڳ뵽ʡﶼһֱǿɲҪΪݣǰ£ٿ棬ǲ̫еģʽҪӹĽǶʵǵؿ⣬һ˲
ǿ⻰һĳίǾѾоˣעһˡܵվӵʱվӣʱ粻⣻ûȫ˴˿̾е㷸ˣ浽̬һ̣Ǹúȥδأ
ǿĶ⻰ԺһˣԷղŵǷȥ˵ԴǵģʵĿֻһǾФûпʼ۾⣬ԷȰ۵˳֮ǰȷʵ˳ֵ׼
Ȼ˵ĻҲûʲôˣǿĻ䣬һͽӿ˵ɲö¿ѭģһ˲ǱҪģάְŽֵǰ£̩иˡ
ȻԷʡ˵£һȻʾ˵һʱ򣬻һ¶Է̩ǰгٷɵƲãǰҲʡѩ°ӸոմҪʱʲô̫ĶĻǶ϶¿ɶý
ǿ벻һȻðŽĴ˵£ȷʵее⣬Ҫһ¶Էһȴ֪Ķڡ
ĳίǿۻûпʼǺгͽϾˣעҪ̬ˣҪôǿҪô߽һȻʱ̬ȨʲôģҲǿԵġĻƺ岻󣬳ĵȥǽĻվӡ
һ£ûб̬յһߣò˼ҶίΡŵ飬ҲãϵҲգʱҳϲҪġйǽĲ¼˭ٷ֮ٵأ
еĹؽԺͻֳ֣ᷢ˵Укüλĵĳ̶ȱǿһй֮޲ҪľôҵԷȱ㣬ܵԼø棬֮ǶģЩڻûдĳίǵ˵ˡ
᳡ϳ˶ݵĳĬ漴ǿɳƵɤٴУʱͣһ飬ȼоһҿȴӹֿʼɣλҪһһ־ֳһǳ񸱾ֳҿһλʲôʵѡƼġ
Ժ󣬻᳡һƬûԸʱһڣΪ㲻˵ͰˣֻҪԵĻͱԼĹ۵㣬ĻǵԼܡ
ʱ˵ԣίǳԶȴСƲǷֹܵĿӲ˵֮ǰҲһЭ飬ʱĻһôأ
Ժ󣬳ԶԥˣѲ豭һţֻ΢˵עǱ˹ԶĿĴﵽԺ󣬿˵ǡгλίǰʱ䣬ϵͳҲһЩ飬ѾΪ˹ȥ׶Фͬ־£չûǺܲģҾӦܹʤξֳһְ˵񸱾ֳҿͬ־ǲģȻ곤һ㣬úФͬ־γɻҲǲĴˡ
Զ֮԰鳶˶Է⣬һҪԭ򣬾ǸˣѾվһˣֻںͶԷȻδ˶ȥ⣬ĽǶȳûκġ
ǿ⻰Ժüͷ΢΢һ壬ʱҪٲ׳ǵѡĻ½Ļᶼûˡ뵽Ժԥˣ˵񸱾ֳⲻҿͬ־ӦܹʤΣ˵ֳ⣬ҿίҢôλϵʱ䲻˰ɣǲҲԿһ£
ǿ⻰ѧʣ϶˳񸱾ֳľֳѡִһһȷʵϵһĻٳԶʲô˵һô룬һҲϣôĿľǳŶԷȥġ
Ҫ˵ǿĹίҢȷʵһоѡФڲǴֳĻʮа˾ŲϷĵܼ򵥡չֵ˵ί;ֳһģֻȨСڶԷѣ񸱾ֳȻҪĺ棬£ίֳ񸱾ֳίǰʱʱڣԪҢھһֱһϺ˵Ľɫڵʱ£סӣŸФᡣ
ʵÿ˶ΪģǵҢˡΪФ֮ȡΪֳΪ˼пɽǿԺԥؿȥгĿɽҾίǣֻһֳⲢζҾһҲûСǿҲҪһͷ֮һļˡ
һ⻰Ժﰵ˵ͷʵ֮ǰĲࡣ취ŤתʱȴʺϿڡ֮ǰѾԷһˣʱҪâĻ㲻õܱǿɲڴֵĽ
ⲻ˵һ˶Էǿ̩˾ͰìܷŵĻʡ쵼ôأʲôԭնһΪϾԷŸ㣬Ķʡ쵼ںδأ
һΪ֮ʣһͻȻڹίҢˣǰͼһԷʱ˵һӣⲻҲ˵


һǧʮһ ˵
˵Ҿ֪Ǿίǿʱôվһŵأһ㶣뵽һ֮ĹϵҲ֪ôˡǿҢΪ˺һϾģ£ǿվҲ֮ˡ
ǿǿĻԺȻǲˬܲڰԷ˵ȨԺǿ˵ίҪǾӺ۵йϵĻ˵
ǿ֮ԣҪ˵Ӻ۹ֳûйϵĻǾͲҪ˵ˡ
֪ǿûԷĻ˼ǹװ˵ֻ˵ӣ˵ǲǺ۵йϵǾλˡ
˵Ժͣ٣˵ǰʱ䣬ԪµʱҢͬ־ͻȻ˵״סҽ⵹Ҳûʲô˵ģݹܴʿ˵ÿ춼Ҫ绰ͬһ⣬ôˣûпԳԺأ
ȫעضǿڴĵʱǿȴ˵ҵĶӽˣӴҵıܿóôʧˣһҲЦϸƷζһ£ǲǷһʲôأ
˻شǿ˵ͬ־סԺΪ׼ǸĳȷǹУرѽˣҪ֤ʲôģǸʿһѵĹŮ˭ҪȤĻұ֤ʧġ
˵ԺǿͲ˵ˣ豭ζغ
ʱ˵ΪεĵȻǿĪˣҢѡģڱǿ˵ͷƿ֪˶ǿˬ֮⣬˿޾ǵҢˣ˵˵ĵС£Ȼֳ⡣
ǿǿϵıԺ󣬿ĵòУ벻⵱һȤžȻڹؼʱ˴ã治һĺá˵ǾҪ֤ģȫſںߵģͬɺϡǿ׼ǿԲᵱôó֤ģΪһɵˣԼȥ
һ벻ջһʽ֮ǰҲһЩԲߣ̫ãǿǼֱˡ˵ʵԶԷ˵ʵرʾɣҲǿԲܽģӽˮˡ
ǿܱžģȴòվճΪģʱԲվΧġǸһҪΨհ̩ίǺκţʱҲԼƵġ
ǿԴҲѵʶҪӰ죬Ǿֻоؽ¡һ˵ͨղί˵飬ҶԵҢͬ־һģûҪȥ׷µ٣Ļ˵ǺΪ֯ίͬ־ǿԿФͬ־ӦûֵεģҿιֳһְɣҶԴûʲô
⻰Ժҡҡͷʾûκһ£ίǵ˼׾ٵظˣĶʲô£ֻҪסԼһĶֵؾˣĶ˵Ĺӵ뷨
ǿɨȫһۣȻ˵УȻҶû¾ôˣǽһ̣ίεۣǳɽ鳤ĿӣǾɽ鳤
ǿʱе쵶ն˼ô˱Լ⣬һԭǾΪίεѡ׼ղŲô˵ֻһµҢûкһĵףһĻԷίεѡϾͲӦúּƽϣĻɾе㲻سˡ
һȻóԷ˼ȴ顣ڵǿٽȥ¼ĻԼѿ£ôôԷءҪҲֻǿ飬ǿġ
ڵǶԷѾˣץŵĻƺе˵ȥһҲöԷô̹һִӮˣŤͷߣĶô˵飿˵ʲôҲµʲôɣ
֮ǰ֯Ѿȷί츱Ǯˣʱ򣬸߳ɽܵȻͬĻǹغǿˡȷվһ߳ɽҲûйǿаֻǲ̲˵Ժ󣬾㽫ˡ
ǿ󣬻ǺģɨȫһۣȻ˵Ǯͬ־ӦòİһֱɣҿҪʲôͬ뷨ĻȻۣҳ
ǿ˵⻰ʱȻһϣе˼ȴô¡ǰҪǮλˣ£˺𣿴ضĿһǶҪеĻλ˵Ψһѡˡ
˵˼һˣȴһ²ؼģϵĲ豭غ
һɳίǿһı֣мʧ֮УɽۻԸĻҪˡλȻûвµ˼ĻӦûϷˡ
˵дʧ֮飬ǿȴһ֮ǰе㵣ģԷѣڿĵеˣӦ˳ˡ
Ϊ䶨ʱһѲ豭һţƷǳ˵ǣͻȻһһ˵һ˵ɣ
£벻ʱһȻˣ˵֮⡣ǿ˵ͷֱŪڹƵĸоò˵ĸоܲˬ


һǧʮ һ
ǿ˿̾ûеӲһҪĻǮŵջһʲôĽǿ˵ѽˡ⿴˶ԷһۣȻˬ˵гʲôֻ˵Ҹյ̩Ҳᣬ˽һ¸ɲ
һղǻǿĵһоǶԷǮŵʲô飬⻰ȰԼƲˡղǮŵֱ֧̫һ㣬ʱҪٲԼ·Ļʱп뱻
ǿ˵Ժһ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻ˵ģίε飬ûʲôֻǾǲҲһ鳤λÿɿЩˡ
һ⻰һڣ˶׹ˣλһҲϳѽǿǮŵĻᣬҲѩޱһλȷʵһ壬ʱǿԲģպ󻹵ٷһίⱾͺûκιϵ˭ɵƵվ˵أ
ǿԷҪԺ󣬺ַɷĸо˵һ䣬´飬룬ǴͷҪǷ˶Է飬֪˵ǿλõĻҲܰԼˡǿһĵ̣֮ݵ˺˯Ȼ˵ĻôƺûٵѶԷ˼ˡ
Ժǿ˵У칫Ҹɴͷһ۵˵иǱߣгʲô顣
ȻⲻͶԷϾˣǿԴһ㣬ֱѯһһͶԷһ򣬽Դϲɣ
һǿĻһҲ֣ƿǰĲ豭ǣƺ˵ߵĹ鳤һ㶼иεģҾǻǰϹذɣλǿô
һ⻰Ȼǳ˷ʵģﶼ˼ҲҪشֻһ˵ķʽѡ
ǿһᣬһԺ˶û飬㿪˵УǾǮͬ־ίΣѩޱͬ־鳤Ҫûͨˡ
ڳ⻰Ժ󣬶ҡҡͷʾûκ
۵ɽظسֻҪûʲôһﱨΪﲻµġɽرλسΪسҲ˳µ飬Ȼûʲô⡣
Ժ󣬴ҶΪˣʱѾȥһСʱˣټλ֮ʱЭ͸ɢˡ˭֪ǿϵĲ豭һԺ˵쿪ҪǴļԼۼ滹һС飬Ҳ˵һ˵
⻰Ժ󣬱ѾʰʼǺ͸ֱʵ˶ϵĶͣ黹ûнأȻἱʰˡ˵ǿеСģҶûзϣСȴ
һͬҲܹģ˵ֻǰ۾Էɨһ£עǷǳеġⶼѾˣ֪ǿνСָʲôڶԷɢ֮ǰ񾭶ţĻ˭֪ʲô¡
ǿ˵ղŵǻԺûͣͻȻ˵ûоǵİ칫ҰеС⣿
£칫ҰС⣬ʲôأҶеĪĸо
һҲһ㶣һĥ뵽ѦںǿֵһĻеˣԷŽĻһسˡ뵽ʱһĿ˵һһɨĵĲ鱾˭ǿ˫ɡܹؼ˭ϣǾ˵ѾվԷǱȥˣԣȻǷǳҪ顣
һԼָо˲ӦǺκţֻ̩ίǡ̩ҪίڵأĻûʸһίǺίǳ˫ɵĻ˾ͷؽᡢ䲻ĸо
˶ڤ˼֮ʣһôһ˵ҵ˵뷨ˣ칫¥ߡˡšʮĲ֮ȷʵڰе⣬ǰ˲;Ų֮䣬Ҿأ
֮ǰ֮һͷˮΪ֪ǿﵱе˼ھһѣŷȷʵô¡갲Ű칫ҵʱ򣬿ǵǽ͵ίĸֿ֮Ծ¥ίǺ͸ǣ¥гͳг
һǶȴĻȷʵв֮ίǺг̩еĵ٣ɲǺͳгǸġİţίг֮ϵĸоȷʵ̫ȷ
һڶеǿˣôĿĵȻѦڶȥˣ׼ԼܿڡǺܼ򵥵ĵҰ̧ȴƫҪ³ⲻǼ
İţΨһֻѦڣԷҲ̫ĻһίгͷȥǹٳеĴɣο⻹ǳίγɵľ顣ѦھôˬҲֻǴ̡˭ٿίʱסԺȥˣֵܹ˭أ
鱾⣬һΪעǿǸˡᡣŮ˹濿ԷǱȥˣӦҲһ֮СԪʱᡢκžһǿ׳ģڼȻκվȥˣȥҲ֮УֻŮ˱ѿҪˡһֱڶûнҿƣҪʱ򲻵òĻ˵Ҵأ
뵽Ժһ̧ͷԷǿһۣǡɲҲһĿԺһߣҺһӡ


һǧʮ 
ҪûⲻĶӣڲվӣһֻаٷ֮ߡʮİգԷıԺڼ԰ٷ֮ٵȷˡֻ˲Ų˶ӣ⻰ڲϵõ˳ֵӡ֤Ȼûʲôٻɵˡ
ǿǶһۣȻ˵ѽᲿ˵òҿ¥;¥֮İ칫һǵһ£ɽ鳤¾徭һ£ҲҺг֮Ľ
߳ɽһӦº޹أûҪʲôνľ徭Ҳֻһˣ飬˰ȥĻ糿һͿԵ¥칫ˣⷽ棬˵ȵĶԲġ
ڻȻ֮ʣǿ鷽ͻȻߵĶߵ䣬лץһֻֻסͻλãȻ绰ͨУΪ˷ֹ绰ͷôġ
һһһʲô鷢ˣĻʱȲǿ㱨ġ
ǿĻԺʱʾеֻӹֻԺŭ˵ǿίǵ㣬밲ס¹˵ڼ䣬ʲôĻͲҪˡ
绰ͷ˲֪˵һʲô˵ˣ֪ˣһᰲŵġ
˵ԺǿžһҶ˵绰Ȼֻһţ˵ˣ̩Ĺ˰̩ίŸˣάͥ绰˵ڰСʱ֮ڣҪǲǴ𸴣Ǿ͵ˡ
ϢԺ˶һȻذĿͶ˺κţ̩ϴ󡣼ôĶȻᣬʵе벻ס
κſҲʶһ㣬æ˵ǣί֣ҹʱѾ˰ˣⲻŹģ˭֪Ǻλ쵼ָ
ڲ׷ε飬ҪľȰ°ƽǿ˵г鷳ͺǹȥһˣô£ɲֵѽĻӰɾʹˡ
ǿĻԺκŵά֮⣬һ۾ܿó˵ôĶ׷ʲôʱ̸ϣٲ˵ģȴʲôû˵ֻһ⵱ȻҪΪ̩δȣκŸոոߵվӣҪ̵ͷͽԷһĻȥҲʲô¡
֮һȥ£ǿԷˮ˼Ա¾Ⱥ¼ˣǿָոεģûףһ㣬ֻҪһϣ¾ܺðˡԭһ棬һ̩е¼ȽϳڷȽ˽⣬һ棬ĳʲôµĻҲ˺һе
˵һ벻׶Էʲô⣬ȫԲǿĴǣһ⡣һгڳίΨһѡǸ幤ģˣҲʲô£۴ĸ˵޷жΣ֪壬Ҳֻˡ
һ̧ͷǿһۣ˵УҾͺͺǹȥҪʲôĻʱǻ㱨
һ֪޷ѣҲԲǿģԲŻдһ˵
ǿ⻰ԺҲͷӦʱҲʲôµĻһҲ޷жΡͷԺǿ˵ɣһȣгͺŹȥԺ󣬼ʱҪⲻĻˣҪʲôĻҲüʱõʱ֪ͨң鷳úܡ
ǿϾûйһֵľ飬һ飬Ҳеôﶼˡʱһ㱨Ҳúʹһ飬óʲô˶СĽе㲻ΪȻʱ򣬵Ȼ˳Էľ
һǿ˵ͷվˣһûзӦӹεĺκšԷ飬ȥƨɣҪٲеʾĻΪӺأ
뵽Ժ󣬺κЦһ˵г鷳ˣ飬ȻͶĴݣǲ˼ѽ½Ժúг
ǣڵĵ֮ǿô½ҪֵĻҪ˵㣬ҺǿǶҪˣһ˵
һֱһԺκžûʲôӡίί̩Ӫõˮ©˵άͥİ칫ңҪȸųƺһǣȻȥšҪǲһĻԷǾԲŽȥġ磬νŰ
֮ǰκԪˣԷһ£ͳǿĸ࣬ʵûʲôƷԡ°ӸոεʱϽȻôĶһȻɫ
κһӣϵıúܲȻվڵݵĽڿˡԷΪʲô˶Դ˿ֻܱӺˮˡ˼ҵļ֮ϣڸȥȥƨɣ˵ʲôأ
¥Ժ󣬺κŶһ˵гҪҵĳɣڳص㱨һ¡
κż¥Ժһûд˼ֻǰȥ˵ˡ˵һӦкȥųȻͿԷ㱨ˡڵǣ˿Էⷽ˼ֻȥ˵ˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ͷб˶ԷһۣȻ˵ˣ
ˣκſŶԷ첽ǰӰԭأԷô˵⣬ͷĪоһ˿⡣


һǧʮ ѹ
һڴӻ֮ǰѾˣκһŴӶԷﲻܵõʲôõĶһ˿϶Ϊʮİա
һ£ԺκŰԵĹ磬ô飬άͥΪʲôû㱨ֱӲǿֻѴûһ˵һǾԲ⻰ġ
Ȼ˵ĻûҪԷķϻˣĻ󵼡һô׼ʲôֱȥĻǸԼ鷳˵ôһѾ뷨ˣֻʱ׼úκ֪
̩мֻߡ˷ӵĳ̣һϳԺ󣬴绰һǴάͥģؽһԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰һ绰ٽʱκŵģһڵ绰˵ȥô£ЩҪͨ˽һ£⾿ô¡
˵⻰ԺһֱӹҶ˵绰κųѯʵľͻᡣʱóгǿκ̩ϴ󣬵һǰǾʲôˡ
κŽӵ绰Ժм뷨ȴһ취ҲûС˼ҹǾȳģڲ˽ʱίȳ˵Ķûκ⡣뵽ʱƵðӵŮȫʺһ飬Ƿ˶ʱѸղŵ뷨˻
ʱƸйʵģʱԷظ֤˵Բ⣬˵֮ǰ˶ٶٹһٶʮġһϵĹ򣬾Ȼ͸ôĶˣ̫ˡ
⻹úκŸеƵĵλò˼ǣ֮ǰȻûеõκϢάͥȻֱӰͱҪ֮ǰίǿĹǲѽ
ˣڵҲ̫еĳίǶǵأһλǲǣҲͰˣƲɵ˼úκܲһ취ҲûУֻõʱ˵׼
κһ˲ҲˣܹʲôȴӦ˵ֻҪȰǰضȹȥĿĵزĸ˵⣬ز˵ˣг¡һ֣Ҳֻ뷢йһеŭȻ󾡿ܵضȡһ棬˭ô
̩ԺһûǰȥûֱӰѳšһ̩Ѿʱ䣬ŵǺġ̩ĺȻһ²ʹãһǸ⡣
һŶųﻪװΣ鲢ƽ⳵֮ǰԪģ˳µİµϣ֮ʱﰵǲҪѳһʱһھͻؾˣҪΪԪĳˣͲ֮ǰĳĻǲ߹·¥ߣܴأĻ̩Ҫһ칫¥
̩ŵʱһһʮͷվſڣͦȥоԲԲзۣǱ׼һЦ˿ȷʵüġһŻʹһɫѳֱͣ£ƿȥ
̩άͥһͻȻӳ׼ʱ򣬶ԷѾèӴӳˡ֮ǰΪԷ򿪳ŵ׼ģڿȻˣæ첽˹ȥ߱˵гãгã
άͥ˿ϵı˵Ǿгݹ٣Цӭ飬еЦ˵ʱЦǺǵĻȻҲǺܲʵġάͥôЦҲǣҲǣ첽һȥ
һ˿Ҳһ࣬˵ʵҪʵڲκţҲάͥģҪ˵ԭҪΪղŶԷǸ绰һΪԷûаѵ绰ǴǿԶԷǶԻάͥ
ֻҪǿ绰˵һˣжϵó̩Ǻ֮䲻Ը˵ܲԸĻάͥȥκּҳƵ磬ҪûеǲŽ˹ˡǶ˵һԻάͥǱȽͬģôҲӦʱַʽֳ
ĹĪȺ¼ļԱС£άͥȻ£ʵеһ˿̱óһ̬ĻԷ֪µĻжأ
άͥߵһǰԺȺ֣˵г鷳ˣڰæ֮йǴ£̩ʧְѽ
֪ǵʧְѽã˵⻰ԺһûǶԷ쵽ǰ̧֣žֱǰȥ
άͥ˿ε˼㣬ΪгټʲôҪ˵أ벻˼Ҹ񶼲ԸԿѽֳһ⣬ûˣҲһһĹ򣬼һѾ塢׿ˣæ첽׷ȥ
̩ίĺֱ칫ңֶӣУһһ仰Ҳûͻάͥ˵ʼʱ򣬻άͥܳŵסһԺ͸оѹ֮ǰֻ˵λг򽻵һ׵飬ᵽˣȷʵѹ⻹ڶԷһ仰˵£Ҫǡ
뵽ʱ򣬻άͥе㲻ˣͷڶԷǰȥ
ڻάͥͷǰʱͻȻоһĽŲæסǰĽŲ̧ͷѾҪİ칫ſˣæǰȥΪԷš˿ҲҴ⣬ǰλгˣĻóԲ˶ˡ


һǧʮ 飨һ
߽Էİ칫ԺһһƨϰάͥæΪݲ衣豭ڶԷǰʱĴ˶Էһۣһ۵أʱеһ飬æͷվһߡΪֹλгʲô⣬ûףݡ
һ֮ǰʹˣҪöԷܵõҪĶͻάͥûκιϵĻԲͱȥģʵ˵Ҳô׵飬һԷһֲ
Ȼάͥվңһ͵ƵģŶԷ˵ѽվǸʲô
⻰Ժ󣬻άͥ޵˼ˣﰵ㲻ڣҸ˭֪һƨȥһʲôĽڶԷˣȻҲٿˣոȥƨɼһɳֹͣ˶漴ͦñֱġ˵ʵţĳ̶ֳ˵վأ
˵һԻά֮ͥǰǺ⣬˿ıӦûǲģ㲻׼ټѶԷǳ˵һɣôģ̩ίǸʲôԵģⲻʱϽҪȫеضһҺҪˣæЩɣ
άͥ⻰Ժͷ̧һһ棬ԷͲʱ뵽ʮа˾ǳطڿˡгʣ˵Ҳûʲôˣ̵Ѿ̹ˣ̸ˡ
ά̧ͥͷһ˵гȷʵǷˣȥ￪ˣſһӶ˶ˣҵʱĻ⣬Ծ͸Ǵ绰㱨ˡ
һԷ˵⻰ʱĿʼ룬ӣ϶⻰һ⡣άͥôпõĶԲߣ˵ΪʲôҪôʱһ˵ȥ֪
ˣʱ̸ˣ鼰ʱϱҲ˵ʲôһ˵˵һ˵飬ԴӦ˽ġ¶ֳˣȲһϢҲûаɣ
г˵⣬ʵ֮ǰҲֹ˵˵ʱ򣬻άͥбһһۣԷɫãæ˵ȻģûδﶼƵؽ˽Ծûи쵼鷳
һѾеˣѾһˣֻһֱѹţʼûֵóί̩ĵؽϣһǵһ˵飬ɴ˿ɼ֮ǰıܹöôλ
ѹƴ֮ȻǰλһȻĻ˭ôǾͺͷϵʭӣŵˡ
뵽ʱһԻάͥӡ˲СĸĹۡԷԺֱӸǿ绰ҲвѵĿԣֻһ֪κѾվǿǱȥˣĻ绰ͼпֻܴˡ
һ˵ҼǵȻ̩ʵϾҵǰɣ
άͥ⻰Ժæ˵ͷشǵģгΪȥһ㣬ʱŹţʵһֱҵܺųһֱҲûһ׼ȷ˵Ӧý
һԺ󣬵˵ͷάͥ˵飬ڻĹǷǳձģӻǺõģеĸɴֱӾ͹ʡƣΪĬڳ֮ǰϵڼ维ʡʡ쳧żʡ
άͥһûǺģһ˵֮ǰһֱϵҵͦģٶ๤˵뻹ͦģŽŵҵ»Ҳ͸ǣڳ滹вһתѾнû쵽ˣǱ㳣Ҳӳ⡣
ʱ䣬Ҫ״׼а߳۳ȥǿʼʱϢԺ󣬻ͦĵģ֪
һԺüͷ΢΢һ壬ֱ˵˼˵ˣҪùǷ¸ڣ
ͷùǽܲ˵鵱Ȼ¸ˣѾϰְʱϰࡢ°࣬ÿ칤ʵ͵һӸ첻Ҫϰˣ˭һҲܲˡ
άͥͦһĻԺûֱӻشֻĬĬ˵ͷղ˵Ƕ֮Բ˵Ǿһһܶ˼ڿˡ쵼ǰһҪԼλãμĸ֣㵽ֹ
һһ£ʵ¸ְıռĶ٣
һ֮ʣһ˽鵽ʲô̶ȡĿĵȻҪ´ãһҲûС¸ְռıߣҲڴһ㡣ʤ̭гΪʲô¸ڣǱأǶ˵¸ӦøĴԼԭ򣬶ܵҪ˵
ЭڶԷͬ⽫һ¸ڵڰٷ֮ʮ֮ڡάͥ˵⻰ʱٶȺ̧ͷһϵı仯
һ鲻Խس˵ٷ֮ʮ⻹ǵһ
άͥ˵ͷԺһһ£ּʵҪûв´ĻˣӦòаֱӽԵɣ˵˭ôҲʶ


һǧʮ 飨
άͥ⻰Ժһ㶣һϲɫԷſһġе㵣ĶԷףĻ͵ʴˡڿԷӦû˼ˡ˼ҿõһ֮㶫͸ĻҲ̫е˵ȥˡάͥﰵ
гںԭƸӴȤΪˣﻹ˲ٵĹǵͷˣǵ֪ϢԺе㼤š
άͥ˵Ժ̧ͷһǿһۣԷʱæͷҲûٽ˵
ԷıԺһԶ϶ǰλѲ˸ϵôԵüһ㣬ĽǶȳòƵҲܹ⡣̩ίǺκſίίֻһ£ҪͶԷĻɹĿ޽ӽ㡣
֮ǰһȻͻάͥйӴǹ˾ô˽⡣ǵþԪǰ󣬶Էȥİ칫һ㱨ֻʱû⡣
һֱ̩ӡ󶼲̫ãֱ۵ĸоҪͺκйءԷίίһֱԪˣ£̩йĽӴúκΪ֡һ˺κţֻûҪţ󷴵ǵһɧαأ
ǰ״ԺһеˣĹڵúӻάͥĻﵱ鲻̫˵Ҫֵȥʮа˾ֻ˵˵ѣôȥģĻҪ˳Ļ˭ҲеΡ
һŻάͥ˵ղӦþֳɣЩҪ󣿡
˵һ¸ĿԲ󣬵ϾôΧίſڣױ˹עõӰ졣⣬ôΧһĻпܲ֫ͻĻʱʲôĺľ˵ˡ
άͥʻԺ󣬲ҵæ˵гҸղǵ˼¸޷ܵģǺƸЩ뷨˵׼װʲôġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬴ӱǿһȻ׻άͥ˵⣬ĿľΪ˾һ¶ԷƸǰһ⣬ʱάͥе̫ˡ
쵼Ȼ쵼뷨ʲôʱֵ쵼뷨ˣʱҪڲеʾĻȥĻΪгúŪأ
άͥһԺһתһ룬׶Էʾԭˡɴ˽һоΪгöԸǧܵģһԽ׳أԷ˷Ӧٶȣһܹġ
뵽Ժ󣬻άͥʶذƨɳƣֻҪԴĻпһƨֱذ
һĬԺͻȻ˵͹ͬ־ȥ˵Ҫڶʱ֮ڲȡʩʲôĻҲһҵٴ󲿷ͬŻȥ
άͥԺ¶һ˿ϲɫֻݼţȴǡɱһ׽ˣӶһ϶֮ǰ뷨ȷʵ⣬⻹Сλһһ֪ˣ㲻ȫ˽⣬֪һšȻ˵Ļ¾òԳˣ׻˵úã˭˭ҩ
ά̧ͥͷһһۣװΪѵ˵г͹ȥ˵Ҫǲҵô죿֮ǰǺ̸˺һˣںֹȥˣӦûûʲôأ
㲻˵ûҵ˼ɣֻȥ͹̸ҵĻתҡһ˵ô򵥵鶼ĻҪίһǲе̨ˡ
άͥ벻ղŻ˵ЦгˣתۼͰˣԷĻ˵úҪǰ°ڲĻͲҪˡҪﵽ˼㣬Ҫ˵һ仰һ£ֲ֪οڡ
һԷһˬı飬¶һ˿Ц⣬˵˵̩һ֣Щϣþܱãҵ۹⡣
άͥҪʱƴǵĻǿɾе㲻ʶ̧ˡһεӣ˵гȻ˵ˣҪǲȥĻǾпˣҪǹȥԺʵڸ㲻Ļ⣬ղ˵ǻ
һڶԷʳһҲ֣άͥʵĻе㲻һĿڻάͥͣƬ̣Ȼ˵ҸղŶ˵ʲôֱӶԹǣҪǻĵĻʱ˵ˣһͶ֮ǰά״κα䶯ʱڵ֮гԣʱѹ֡
˵Ժһͣ٣ȻŻάͥ˵Ұѵ׶ˣҪ㻹㲻ĻҿҪˡ˵⻰ʱһõһϷʵǿϵıȴһģûάͥĪ⻰ʵ١̽һƣû̽İգҲˡάͥվ˵УгںҾʹ󵨵ȥˣϢɣ
һһͷ輸ϵһֽζؿ
άͥΪԷ˵һ벻һĥߴˣæת칫ȥ


һǧʮ ԭί
ȻάͥԺһͰѱֽʱĶ˼ȥֽڵĵĵǻάͥܲܰĹȰߣòɡȻάͥʲôϵһԿ϶֮йϵܽ°ƽǺʵģڵĵӦԽ⡣
һè壬ǾԲô֡ӸղŻάͥĻﵱпԿƸĳһ⡣⣬ж⣬һûаëǮĹϵڵĵ̩ίǺκšҵƵĹУΪȨǮף˽̹ʲڿκһƸйϵ˵жϵݽȥжһȽϵĵ⡣
˵ʱһӦðͲúκų²źãϾѾȷʾվǿǱȥˡҪǳµĻһ˵ԷӪһ󽫣⵱ȻǺ¡ҪĽһǰᣬǾվ̩еĽǶ˼⡣һȻ̩гڿʱ򣬾ԲֻվĽǶȥĻ۹̫ˡ
֮ǰ̩гʲô⣬ǶһûʲôϵʱϾֻһгڳίȽϿһֳ⣬ô˵ҲֲΡȻѾ̩егˣµĹϽΧڡҪʱ̩ίǺκݽȥĻҲж˵Ρ
˵ǿһ֣ɽᷢʲôģʡ൱ӵģ¬档֮ǰҲ˼ǺɫӣôƽϣĻᣬûΪĵ
һ뵽Ժͷ۵ĸоɳϣͷɫ컨壬м֮С
ԺͻȻƵһӣ˵
κվһԺһղȥ͹̸ʱ򣬶Էֱӽţ쵼̸ߣֱ˵гҪ֮Ի
Ҫ˵֮ǰֻмֻɣܺͻάͥйϵ⻰ԺȷˡһϢͼλί֪⣬߾ͶԷ֪ǾԲܸ߹ǵģȴѾ֪Ϣˣ˻άͥ⣬ˡ
κžе֧ŲסˣΧţǾԲɵ飬ҿоǰ滤ţĻе㵣ԼȫںκžÿҪֲ֧סʱ򣬻άͥͻȻ˹г͹ǶԻκ⻰ԺֱȳۻֱӰ˦˻άͥԼ칫¥
һ·ϣκڵľǸղڳί˵һǻڰһˣ벻Ӧô죬ת֮䣬͵󵽶Էȥκں޲ָ̧Լ⣬Ƿ飬ҪվӣҪôߵأ˼᲻Ҳվˣûи
κźʱ˵ģѾ޲ˡڵĵ֮ȥһǴ̽һ֪ղŻάͥʲôҩȸĿǰƶǲһͲ⵱ȻղڳίװƵıкܴϵڻάͥһ߽ڣҪڲȡȴʩĻǿҪˡ
֮ǰһֱûпóάͥ˾ȻôաԷȥΨǴӣ벻һоȻһһֱڰеȴᣬҪһеģɥʧֵ̫ƻˡ
⣬κһֱȡŲʵ̬ȣĵϸЧõʱһţָͨĹϵ뷽跨ذֵܡӾ˸˽ȥһĻ湤֮Ĺϵͱ÷ǳҷǳŽᣬһһӦ˼
ƸҪʱ򣬺κŻǷǳ˵ģгƵı仯ŵĲǲѾΪһ󸺵ھȻԸӹ̯ӣȻ֮õˣǾĸ¸ïȥͶԷ̸⡣
Ժ󣬲ï㱨Ƹ˼׼һǧڹ黹Ϣṩԭϵĳңٸ򡣺κ⻰ԺĬһˣеʲȻҪһǧ򣬵Щʹ˺üĻܲԭɣԶԷ뻹ǱȽϺʵġ
ïκŶͬģŽŰѶԷĸ˵˳ǾǲҪôĹˣֻҪԭȵİٷ֮ʮҡκԺ󣬲˶Է֮ǰǸźԭ򣬿Ƹ֮ⲻھѽ
ԭйңƸֻҪٷ֮ʮĹˣҲζҪüٶˣ뵽κŶȻܾ˶ԷҪ˵ڲἤʲôìܣҪĻָʲôأκŵȻɵΪһԼûʲôϵȥðôķգǼֱӽˮˡ
κŵĻԺ󣬲ï˵ʲôԷһı飬˼˵ȥ뷨
κűΪµ͸һˣ˭֪ԼһԺĵܵܺκѧͻȻ
κѧи˾ڸĹϣӦӲϾ˲ٵǮĹоϻ˭ҲǮ࣬ڸ㽨ͬʱط죬̩˶ϷΪδ󡱣еġ֣Ǵ֮⡣


һǧʮ Ժ˵
ϣֵ鷿̸˺ܳʱ䣬κͬƸչƻ¸ְڰٷ֮ʮԲͻơκ֮Կԭģ̩ҵƵĹУֹһְ¸ڵȻǰӣκҲûʲôõĵģҲֻ«ư
κȻ̩ھǿƵĵλô飬Ҳһ仰ͽ䶨̩ίˣϳίҲ߹ѣκŵȻʡ¡
ϹίԺ¾㶨ˣбסίոͨĹǾ͵õϢǾԼķʽŶĲ͵ί㶯κŶԴǲ䷳Щ֮Կȥô֯ԣҪںǳ˾άͥ
Ϣ©ȥԺúκѧȥˡҪ˵ίϵϢȥûʲô˵ģϱûв͸ǽε⣬Ϣݵٶر죬ȻǳίĹ֮еϵϢŻ˿Ĳߡúκѧ˳˼·ȥ
ϣκѧͰѲѯĽ˺κţƳάͥõܣһͺ֮ˡ
Ҫǻ˵ĻκŻ֮ͨһ£һ£˾ͻЭòŰ֪һǻάͥںģ治ôȥ˭֪Էʲô⣬ЩǲϹ˵ģĻʱҪջǿɾˡ
е㵣ģκҲô̫ģȣ»ûг䶨Ҳûʲô˵ΣΣҪִ˵ĻǻάͥҲҪԲ˶ߵġμӳίʱǿ˵Ϣʱ򣬺κеסˣ벻άͥȻעһôĶǳ֮⡣
κƿ߽Ժǳһ΢΢ȻЦг鷳ˣôʱĻᣬ͹˵ˣ벻ֳ飬Ǹ鷳ˡ
ǣȻ֪֮ǰ͸ð´ѽôأһ˵
ȻѾ⣬ˣһҲöԷ׾ʹһҪúκųԣĻǿǰQأˣ㲻ҪָһξͰʰˣ־η֮УǺбҪġԺ֮ʱŻ㾴Զ֮
κ⻰Ժʶ֮ǰάͥѾһ˵ĲٻĻԷһھǻ浹һĹͬģǾǲĨڶԷȻάͥѾһˣκŵȻҲûпıҪˡ
ǰһһɳ£Ȼ˵гһЩ㲻֪Щԭġ
Ŷһ˵һԺ󣬾ͲٿˡĿȴ˶Էɳϵβϡ
κſԷĿԺ͵һԼеΪˡԴǰίǿһԺ۽綸Ȼˡһ⣬˿˵УһȻҲ⣬뷨⵱оͱ¶
ʶԺ󣬺κæβɳƣϻ¶һ˿ֺõЦ⡣κŴ´ͳ̣һ֧ΪԷϻ֮󣬲ŹΪԼ̵ͨһкŶԷ˼
һһŨԺ͵ʲôƵģźκ˵ǣղ˵Ĺ˵֣ԭİɣκ⻰Ժæ˵ǵģǣ֪ƳĳλҪ쵼ݣǸոµʱϢʹȥˣǱûа취չ
κ˵⻰ʱ۽һԷ˿̵̬ȼΪҪ˿ҷɡ
һȻκô˵⣬ʾͿԲµеҪ쵼һָάͥҲһ֮ǰ뵽ĲࡣάͥҪûһĸĻҲȥ㡣ĻһյģһʧصĻ룬㹻İܿסʧ̬ķչȥ
һͬҲǳκŴ˿ôʣֻƳ˭ݣźðάͥϳĻҪӲקɣǿɾԵе̫ǿˡһȻöԷģĻɲʵĿꡣ
һ˺κһԺ˵ǣҾе㲻̫ˣоķģóְ֪ӦҲûʲô˵Ļ˵ǰɣ
Ǹκ벻һ˵һӻ治֪λش
ǣҸղ˵׼һԽӦһѽְ˵ӦôķӦѽһ˹˵תԺ¸ڵûоϸоѽ˵һҪﵽٷ֮ʮǵڶأ᲻е
˵Ժһ۽źκţʹ֮Сκ䣬һֲ֪ôӺ˵֮ǰƸ˵ʱ¸ְڰٷ֮ʮңԷڶȴǵһǰٷ֮ʮ֪ģҲûпֹϾȥƸ˽˵ˣҪڶ¸ڷﻹûʲô취
һκŲڣԽˣ˵ǣ©ܴѽѾûȥ߹ˣĸʱȡȰѷһԺ˵㲻ʲôɣ


һǧʮ 
κ⻰Ժһ벻һȻǿƣڲ£Ȼֱ˾ϣеܲˡ˵ԷгڳίҪϲ٣ϾҲίί̩еľ߲֮һο⻹̩ĵϣҪ֪ϴڶԷȻһؾͰö⣬һضûУҲֻΪкһѡ
κŵɫÿˣ۸˵ģҲû۸˵ģڶԷĶίǵĴڡ뵽ʱ򣬺κβɳƣȻ˵гиܻǺĸίίͨģһĻܲάйؾߵȨԡ
κô˵ѾˣһϾгչ˶Էӣ˵ʱί˳е˼һĿȻŶԷġ
һ󣬲ɵһüͷǰΪֹûп¿ܴľ޴ںǸƨɵЭأԷŵٺôҪڵ⣬һŲأĳ̶ֳ˵ԷҪݽȥޱףֻ
һ뵽ʱƵ˼㣬ǺκҪ£ҪץסԷ˼ȴƫƫһ㶼顣뵽Ժһ˶Էһۣ˵ǣһ治֪ǳίоľ飬ֻղŲſڵʱôûЩ˵أҲǲõȻȥԶɢȥˣǺǣ
һԶԷĳЦ֮ǳԣκŵȻҲóϵıܲȻһ߳ŭ˼湤ȻúκŻûа⵱飬治ûάͥùȥ֣Ļˡ
κſһ˵гǻĹоϻ˭˭ҩ⻰Ӧ֪ɣ飬Ҹұ֤ڱߥ޵ģҪǸ˵Ļָʹ֮˾ԲҪصΡ
һ⻰Ժ׹ˣλһֱִԲΪʼհĿڱ˵ϣûпǵԼ⣬ӦǾʫʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС
һźκ˵ǣҲ˵⻰û֤ղ˵ĳλ쵼ְݹϵأ˼ݹϵίʲôˣóĳɿµ֤ݳĻ⻰ø̰ҪеطεģһĹҸɲ
κűһ⻰˵һһģԭΪԷŵ벻˼úܣĳ̶ֳ˵֪ò٣ǵȴԶöࡣԷղ˵òֱ֤֤άͥںĹſڿӵĻ˼ҷһ̰Ļûпܵ顣
һκϵķŭ֮ʧˣȡ֮һ塢ңв֪Ӧ֮Сˣǽ˵ָ֤ԷĶò֤ǵǿҳĲӳ칫ֻˣ˵㲻ĻԷļ۸ľƵλдԭϻǶ٣Щɲƾ˵˵Ʊܰƽ˵ģǣ˵˵öԲԣ
κԺɫ䣬ԷȻû˵е˼ҪٲĻûؼˡ
һûаֵ˼˵ǣ²Ҫ˵ֵȥˣ̩һֶѲ˵ĸϵɣҪĻƸ񡭡ƺǺǣǺǣ
һ֪þյĵ˵ϣԷѾˣҲûҪ˵ˡȻκźƸ֮便һʲôĹϵղŻάͥڵʱҲûʣĻװԼȥΪڻģýֺͷóΡ֮ʲôϵԴ˿ɲ꣬ںκ˵ȴɱ
κ⻰Ժֻöͷ亹ֱðһֱΪͨܵܺκѧƸ֮䱣ϵ֪ģ벻άͥȻˣ¸һԷҪǲ֪µĻ˵ղһġ
ʶԺ󣬺κŸоһղôȷʵڰе˷ѽˡ˵ڳίϣöԷ࣬ʱŻˣӦñѩ޲ŶԣԷȴʱְһѣ⾿ôأ
κʱûʱ俼Щˣһ˵гղźһʱͿˣ˼˲С˹飬ҼˣԺһӱ
һ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵ǣˣǷµģȻϣ»СС»ˣ⣬һ仰Ҿóûеظڳ£˵ˡܸĲƣθƣһƸĲУһ¡ҪٳµĻʲôź׵ġ
κ⻰Ժϵɫһݣæ˵ллгѣͬʱҲģһϡƽϢԺҾ֯ٿĳίᣬô飬ƸѾʺڳλϸȥʱҺгϵҪпյĻһҪϯǵĻ飬ǿָžٳƵ¼
һ⻰Ժ󣬻ˣκźƸ֮ĽӲ̫ģԲŻֱߣԷĳղô˵Ҳ̽Է⡣Ȼϣκų£Ҫݵ̫ĻҲȲ˵ϯίʲôģһҲ֪ǶԷĿϡ


һǧʮ һ֮
磬̩λٶһһ³緹ǺκŰͽ֮Աһû뷨ס˵һƬҲΪѵͬˡһˣȻʲô£Ҳ˵ϣκźͻάͥ¡Ȼ˵Ļ˫飬Ҳ㲻һ֮١
άͥ첻飬һӰ첻󣬵ľܲģ˵ͶҲǺͺκ˺ˣ˼ұίǣټίίݣĻûпɽǻͷɶ˻졣
ε飬Ȼʱ׼ǽֱͱίǿǶǳû쵼֧֣ҪͺκŶǼֱǳ˵Ρ
һͨѺκոȻǲܵ顣ԷȻվǿǱȥͲ׸ĻͥĻпúܲҡһѾӦ·һˣǿĻԷп£ʱóԲ˶ߡ
κȻܹվӣһֿȴǼпܷģǾʱ֧һ¡ô˵һҲˣؼʱ̸ԷرҲӦõ顣
磬һصԺ󣬵һǰ糿̩һر
糿Ժһάͥ˽Ժһ绰Է򵥽һ£˵ûʲô飬λίɢˡ
ǿ˵ΪƳ飬һѾ䴦ˣҲͲٹʴˡǣҵƵģͺһ̶һ㣬ܲȥģȡԶ̬֮ȣǿȻҲġ⣬յ̩ίߵ黹û˳ʱûֵ˼һȻѾˣȻٹʴˡ
һµʱ䣬һæµжȹһг֮ǰĳ֮仹Ǵںܴģǰֻ£ȴҪİ壬Ȼôĵġ¹һеȶչ͸ĸĴ֣˭Ҳ⴦֮
ʱ֮ڣ﷢ǳԵ飬һ֮ǰѦڹϰˣ˵ǲˣڶһѦڵİ칫ҶԵϾ¡ԴˣһǲΪ⣬Ѧڵƺ̫ģһ˭һǵļơ
ЩԵı仯֮⣬һصϵı仯ʡϣ־˳Ϊ˻ʡĸʡ˵أ˶ϰ¬һͨ鲿쵼Ĺʹ־˳λԪǰһңʡ˴ͨ˶־Ƶǳ䶨ˡ
мϵı仯ϴγίٿ֮󣬾ȷˡ滹漰ǿˣͨԺ󣬺ܿͲʵʩ׶ΣФ˳Ϊ̩й־ֳ
ʽǸĩФͣһȦ˵ȫ뵽λһǿ롢κơƿѩޱϣ˵鶼ܺãͺ˲٣Ϊ˷ֹһЩеǶסˣûаѾƺȶࡣ
֮ǰФһһ£ҪҪ븱г̹ź̩άͥ˶վһߣФеղ׼Բɴһʡ
һ룬Ф뷨˵ѾվˣϾʱж̣ϵô̫׽ģЩ˱ԲûФǡ
⻰ʱФһţҪĻǳ鷳ˡ
һǿĽ棬ǳ飬ԾҪһЩ˹ջʤĸʲŻһ㡣ϴεĳίԺ󣬿ȷϵǣκźͲѾվȥˣʱ
ʱ䣬һæڹ⣬ҪĹͺʣµļλίȡϵܴɳЭֻ֯鳤߳ɽܣ֮ǰ֮ӪģһߵñȽϽʱбҲ֮е顣˵ĿǰΪֹûȷıʾһҲЩһ͵ģֻ
ʱ䣬ǿæ⣬һע⵽һ˵ʲôϢ飬ǾѦҲڼǿλί֮ϵϴεԺѦˣҪиĻȨᡢװʲôǽġֻסһƱּܺۻۡ
Ԫһעһ棬ǾǴΪŵǻ˹˾һֽҪԷˣʱͶһʮһաڻ˵ĹУʲôӣ׹ȴΪȻԼ˵ѡӡ
֮ǰ־˶̽ȡ˲Чͨص⣬ѾʽΪŵǣԶšŵǻ˹˾ǼģҲģĻǹ˾ҲǺܿǰˡ
ԪչԼ˻Ĺ˵֮ǰҲǰôʱ䣬һúģǣκһľȻֻλĻ𱬵Ů֡һʵ벻ףô㶨Ƿһŵġ
ôʱһԼ֮Ӧ˵һַǳѹϵһ˶ԼڶԴ̬вͬ⣬ӦûǺϿɵġĲ˵Ҫļ֣һ治һ̩дš˵һ仹Ƿǳмġ
Ԫʮһһ磬̩дźίʼæµԶŽʽŵǻ˹˾̩˵ͷȴ£˭˿


һǧʮһ Ԫ
죬ʡɸʡ־ƴӣе½鳤Ժͷί°졢ͨԱԱɣʡ֪̩ͨˣֻһ䶯˵Ȫӵģ˭֪֮⣬ͻȻ־ƴˡһ仯̩е˾е⣬˭Ҳû̫ע⡣
־ζҪģ˵̩ȫеĽڵ˶֮ܳɣٷ֮ʮĹҪ鵽һͷϡ£ôҲҪΪԷ³ӡ
ʮʱʮֵʱʽ𺽣ý˳£ɶ뺣ʻ˰׹
Űʽúƣ֮ǰ쵼һڵİ棬һҪһġ֮ŵˣԴӶԷԺѾһǶݹɽͷˣᵱȻһ˼öԷͷ˭֪һȴܾⷬ⣬ȥǿ
һ˭Ҫͣʱէȥ¶ĻûǸҪˡøǿ˶ܿһؽɱȥЧá
ǿ˿̻е㵣һȥĻ治˵ʲôⱾ˼飬ټĿȫһһִٳɵġһ֣£Ҳǲʺȥֱġ
ץ֮ʣȴˣǿοѡҲǲǶԷĿֱһڴӦǿԵĻᣬ֮˿УҲΪյ̩Ҫһ㶯Щ˱졣
иʡμεʽô˵ڻʡ¶һûġǿҪģЧҲ֪ˡȻﶼ֪һģҪû̩ί֧֣˭ָұ֤һɹأǿΪ̩еһ֣òҲ˵Խ
ȻܸߣȴӡԼ׹ŵǼŽ⣬Ǹʡ־ƴʡףشʣ̩ίǿĽ̳˲һСʱʱ䡣
ʽԺ˶ԶϣͷϷǻˡԼ־ƺǿԵһťֱ뵽˹״̬Χ˱ҵ
ѩޱվһߣͷĶߣ˵ǲеĽˣ
һԷ¶Ů㴿ЦݣҲܿģȴ˵ѽ֪ôͷҲȥˣֻ㿴վǶͦģҪٹȥĻ˵˻ᱻſ£ĻɾЩͬ־ĸˡ
ѩޱôһ˵һ£Цˡ
ֻ򵥵˵Ժ󣬾Ͳٽˣ֮ͥ£Ҫ̫׽ˣ˵ע⡣˭뿴֮ǰлǿ֣ͬɸһ飬ʱǶעһá
ԶʽԺ˶صһҸ־һģ˭֪Ժ󣬼򵥵˵䣬ǿȥ̩ˡǴŴϲӣܵϸµİţ־ƺһֻ֮֮ˡ
ϯ䣬е˶ǳģһҾͻֵ˳ˮ̩дŵ״Σʡ˵кܴӰġʡĹԱ־ƿʼԣٵֵͷͷǣҶǳĿġ
ôߵֱӵ־ھϣ˶ſˣˮһ㣬ˮλֱ½ܿһͼˡҪʱһһŵ֮ȷʵ⡣ǽµǣټ־ƵһԸʡݵ̩УԲܴĸǶ˵춼Ҫˣ˵ˣǲ顣
һպ־ƸһԺͻȻǿɨһۡһһԷǵȥأҪʱһһԷӣϣҪӲȥĻǿȻᱻӣԣҲþʲô¡
ĹĹٳǸȼ۵ڣίǺг˵Ӽ˵൱ģӶһеҪ˵Ҳǲ£յڵ˵һ֣гֵ֮һ͵ڶ֮Ĳ࣬಻ʱ򣬶˷Ŵˡ
ھϺȾ˵ǿίǣһ֣ܱ˹ƵȨһǶ֣Ҳ⡣еĵܼ򵥣ֻгȾǾƣĶȾгĵһƫȥĻƲ鲻˵棬ǲλġ˵ˣгģӦһ㣬ĻǿɾĴˡ
һƱվǿ˵ǣһǴӵʱж̣ȾƵĻᶼ̫࣬Ŵŵľƣúһ
ǿ⻰Ժﲻ̫ġչµʱ򣬾͸һһۣʱˡѦ岻ˬΪڣס˰µҽԺԪ֮ǰʱ䣬ǿȥߣ˽һص°Ӿۻᣬһֱϵ컹ûо۵óɡ
ǿҪ̸εĻǵȻϡһ֣ӾۻֻڲУҪĻǾе˼ˡҲȷʵǷȱһʱ䰵ʾ˾úǲˬ
ǿƱһ˵гºܸѽɣҽˡǸɴԪôԤʾ̩δ֥鿪ڽڸߡ
һ벻£ǿȻҪƣȻƣЦ˵УǵġԱֻͬľƱ


һǧʮ ؾ
˵Զ׺ӣȥӦǴŵ飬ڻĹĳʡ쵼Լطϵĸĸ٣ǸΪעĿĴڡǿһ־ơһȫĽ㣬̩еλٸˣ˵Ĺע
ʡ鳤Ǹմӵȥģǿһ֮ĹϵǺĳﾹҪƴƣе㲻֪Ŀ־ƣԷһһ΢Цؿţûвֵ˼ҲͲȥǸˡ
ڳ˵Уû˱־ƸһľˡԷ˺ܳһʱ飬ҪǶûиĻϰҲе̫ˡ
֮ǰɽӲҪǿŵ̩еʱ¬־ƾͿ͸⡣ɽȻʡһ¬ҷºӦײõЧ
ҪǰĻԷſܻ¬˸еûףϾһ̫ˣûжһľǿһһϽˡ£˶ݵĻһûʲôᡣ
ԺûҪ̫ģһ̩ʱ˺ܶࡣ֮źԪ˵ļзУ棬ջѱɵĴԪƷڵءȻȻᣬڵںǿĽδؾͻᴦ·硣
ǰⳡƴ˵ǿģһǱӦսĽΣһʼǿһƴǿҪӮ˵Ļڴҵ֮УȻҪûаգôһƴأʹӮˣҲһǿ֮СƴǿĻǾ͸˵ȥˣǼֱǲ֪ߵغûȤ
־ƿ͸еŵôֹܳһأ˵ڶԷľǺмĵģںȾһĶ֡
һʱû̫࣬˼ҶˣȻû˵ĵȷԱѾƱԺʾ佫ֻƱԱûüƣѾƿ˹ȥǺгЦЦȻ˵Ϊλ쵼񣬺Ǻǣ˵⻰Ժ㽫ֻһҵľƱˣͬʱƿҲˣԱ״æȥƿȥˡ
һֻƱǿ˵ǣҾȸΪˡ˵⻰ӣһҺ˺档
ǿһԺҲеһһ
һڶǿҲ«ư˺ܿ춼ѱоƺȸɾˡ
֮ǰ˲٣ǿɾѽ˵ҲЩԭã˵õһ㣬ؿʲôģȥǿ϶ٲġ
ƺԺǿ׼ӣȥвˡһ״Цų廪˵ܣ鷳ҺǵֻӶˣҽ챻ˣ벻ǵôߣұӡ
ǿһ⻰ԺеסˣЩ֮ǰõĹһϢǷ׼ȷϣһֱעһı֣֮ǰѾˣںҲˡԷ˼׼ȥɾǰˡˡһ̫ܺȾƵӦеǿеԺˡ
ǿô꣬ھϻеģҲϣҪһơŻСŵľƣе㲻ˣʰǰٺȥӦⲻ󣬵һı֣ƺһҲûС˵ͺȾ֮ǰȫһ̫һ㣬΢΢һ㷺⣬㻹濴̫
ľƵԺһûκγɣŸղŵӣеһЦǺǵ˵ǣ͸ղһһȸΪֻⱭʼǺԺ󣬶ѱһͬ־ǻԻؿۡ
⻰Ժڳ˶һЦνĳԻؿָڸɱʱ򣬾ƺȲɾʣһڱסڻʡطؽ֮ΪԻؿۡ
ǿ⻰ԺƵ˼㡣֪˿ˣ˵Ǹһ˿˱һˣͲö֪ˡ澿ôѾҪˣҪǣһѾѵڶֵһƸȸɾˣѾƱ˹ûһξ
ǿȻоһſߵְȥˣѾﻢˡԪģһӦ˼һؾҪǲȵĻǿе˵ȥ˵ĹľĻǹĻ֮һ˿̣ǿ⻰̵ʶ
ڶԺǿθѾеϷˣƽʱҲͰҵľȵѾˣټһһһһȷʵһ㣬θе㷴ӦҲǺġ
һǿϵıԽԽʹˣÿҲԽԽˡҪǻƴƵĻʱҲˣѶԷſˣҲʲôʵ飬ڵĶǿǶԷսȣûзŹĵʱμ̫Ľ̵˲Ҳˣұطˣ
һƣǿ˵ǣ룡
˵⻰ԺһﲱӰѾֱӵ˽ȥɵĵˣһֱڣһĶ͵һûʲô仯ڳ˼㿴ңҿ㣬Ҫ֪гʲôʱôܺˣǵӡУԷôȾƣȵĻҲһ˼һ¡ı֣ЩƳֶ硣˺һԺԪҪţСУľƱܹȷʵ̫ࡣ


һǧʮ ³˫
ǿƱԺ󣬿ŴҺ˿ֱ̼綾ҩһ㣬ⱭȥԣѾˣֻоٿڣõʱǿŻѵʱһԼҪ־ơԵ˵ʲô˵ĻĻпܰ󣬵ʱǲ
ǿ۾ӲǰһƸȥԺæӣһ͵ʱҪԵ߲ѹһѹƣĻҪǵĻǿɾѿˡ
һǿıֿЦǣǺˬѽҽƵеףܣæ³˫ɣǣ㿴ô
ǿ⻰ʱ򣬳ˣ֮ǰȥѾӲˣӲԺ󣬲ѾǿѹסҪٺȵĻ֪һĻѾ˵ˣҪܾĻҲûѽ
ƽʱߵġҲܺˡᣬǿ˵ģĻȥԷ֮ǰƵ㣬˼ӦսˣȴˣίǵĶѽ
ǿȻȻ޷ڣֻаϣڱˡһ̩еһ֣֮飬˵Ȼǲʸ񿪿ڵģиʡ־ƺʡ鳤ڣǿͶȥĿ⡣
ԺԼǰ˵䣬־Ǹʡ˼ҶûпڣĶ˵أ־޶֮ʣּǿڳʹɫԲͷȥС˵ʡˣҪٺȵĻ¡
˵ʱǿŬŬ죬˼ǶԷٺˣٺȥĻ׳¡
־Ͱǿıֿˣ֮һֱûнͣһöԷһ档Ȼɽŵ̩һ鷳ģʰĻᣬ־ƵȻ׿ڡ
ҪǿԲڵĻ־ƻԼװȥڶԷʾˣҪװĻǿɾе˵ȥˡ־Źװոտǿȶ˵ӣ˵һгҿҲҪˣǡгĸ鲻ȶ˾Ͳˣҿ꣬Ǿͽɣ
УֻҪǾˣȸˣ˵Ժ󣬲ǿзӦһȺһȻֱ𽫱׳ŶԷ
ǿ־ƿڵʱ򣬻Ǻܿĵģʱ˵δعã־˵Ļһá̩֮ǰһĹ֪ԷȻɼȻںʱΪ־Ƶ֮;ŵ𲽵ġҶ˵־ƶһ֪֮κʱ˵ĻǾԹõġ
־ƻеԺǿͱޱˡҪܰƺȥĻƴʹɫˡƣǿȴ㿪ڣϾ˼־Ѿ˵ˣ㻹ôţҪǲڵĻһڵ״̬ԺҸʲôɣȫٺġ
ǿһֻտյľƱǿ޵˼ˡһѾȫԿ϶ˣǾǾ϶ǶˣΪô˵ȥ˿涪ˡΨһĵľǧܵˣĻ˿ɾͶѼȥˡȥһʲô״̬ﻹûʲôףһʱ䣬ĥһᡣ
ǿһ˵гǺѽҽǳ˼ʶˣһȣֻͺ㲻ܱȣȳڲˣ
ǿ˵⻰Ժ󣬲һش𣬾ȥвˡ
һҲżŶԷЦǺǵ˵ǣ㣬ҵ㣬ú˲پƣվһ¡
⻰Ժ󣬶̿ס֮Уһ˵վܹѾġҪĻȰվǶܺһȥƣǿֻҪŲŲӾͺȥˣ
ǿԷⲻĵļƣ֪ƺȥԷǾԲưոݵġȻ˵ĻǿѡʹʹˡվеһֻƱһ˾٣һͷͽ䵹У漴ֻĺڹһ£ȥ
ǿֻôӺڵʳٵθһ߶Ⱥģθò׸ոձѹȥľַǿһֻõһﷺһɾĶȻҲСͬϵ˻ȫоˡʱ˶ǿѾǿ֮ĩˣϻһƣ˲ɵöΪһѺ
֮ǰǿ߲ѹƣȴҪٳԲ˵Ļѹѹס˵ȴװθﷺľƸĻɾˡ
ǿϢԺ󣬶ϵһֻƱĿڣѵؽȥҩһɣﶼһ仰֪ˣαصأ
ƺԺǿҶ־ƶ䣬վϴּķȥ鷽æ첽ȥ׼һ¶Է뵽˿ô˫۾أְַȥֻֻ۾ȴעŶԷһһвԵĻ˵ϰ壬ֱܱˤá
ǿߺ־ưĿͶһԷҡͷʾû£ŷǰȥ˰˱еؿۣǾٲģ֮ǰ࣬Ѿһˡ־Ȼ֪һľôȥҲֹƶࡣ
һԼе֣״̬ôôãôȥͷе⣬ûʲôоսܼ˵ѪԣǹٳϣǾϣˡ


һǧʮ óʱͳ
ǿһӶ㣬»صϣ״̬ղһƲ˹ӡصԺ󣬾ҪӲţԴ͵״̬ȴʵ״̬¶š
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־ơԵ˶ǿûʲô飬û˻ͺƵ˼ƽϵģһıôҺܳһôľȥԺ󣬻ûһ㣬ʹ˵ЦġԺһȾƵڻʡڴˣһˣû˭仢ˡ־ϳ֮ʣһ˵Сû°ɣɺ˲٣ھǴгѽ
лʡ쵼ģӦûʲô£һ΢Цش
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˵ʱ־һļ£̧ϳȥˡ
һ漴ѿԣһһ˳˶̬Ƚ֮ǰԵı仯һھϱֳǿƣһ־֮Ĺϵ˵Ҷ֪ͬһϵЩۼԺ󣬲ĳ
־Ƹղһļĵ£ҿɶۿġɲͨ¼ܹ֮óģ˱ϼ¼ʶ⣬ֵܼ޼䡣־Ȼ½ĸʡڳ˶ûöԷǵĶһ˵ȻһĿ࿴ˡ
ʡһ쵼һıֿ̩˵ǿɾ˲õˡʡνмӣ鳤мְͽ˼̩˵ﲻֶ˼ɻҾúȥδأίǡг˫ǳǿƣˡ
һ벻յҹֻǺȼƣһؿͣȻܲôӦ˵Ĺһ˲Ŷڹٳ⻰һҲĳ̶ֳ˵Щ˵Ҳ߯һ㣬ټḻЩ򵥵飬ô㸴ˡ
һԺߵʱ򣬺ѩޱԷС˵Ȼȥ⻰Ժһûü˼ʶһ
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˵⻰Ժ󣬻񲻵һش𣬱̧ѩޱվŵλȥ˾һԺ󣬱һһ˹
һʣµ˴кԺ󣬾ڻͬ£ѩޱĳѩޱһġ족֣ʱڶԷͦ£Ϊ鳤һƺȶ˵£ȥƺҲ֮е顣
ѩޱһϳˣûκͣһŲȥٵʻ˺̩˵˶ΪȻΪ֮һѩޱеĻŵģԶǳѸ١
·Ժѩޱѳٷڸʻϵһ˵ôôƣѲѽҪµĻ˵һҿͣ
һ⻰̧ͷ˶ԷһۣȻ˵ĶҪѽû£Ȼ˲٣ˣҺͷģµڣǶȵѾơ
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ԴϳڳһԺһһֱûȥԪ鲻ʼһʯͷһѹѩޱʱˣǿίεĻԷΪ鳤ڣȫûκεĹ˼ˣټϽ˲پƣĳЩȽǿңԡ
ֻ۾ɫԵĶأѩޱ
ֻ۾Ȼȥע·棬ʵȴһֱһϡһղŵǻԺ󣬱ͺߣڷֶԷĿ⾹ǰ˸һ㣬̲ס˵
һ⻰Ժ󣬴󺹲ѣ漴ѹˣʲô˼ġһֽĿ˵˭޷ŵģǶַǳۣҵȻͶ࿴ˣǺǣ
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˵ƶ຦ˣ⻰һҲ١ҪĻһԲôֱӡҪȡʲôϴһȳͣ˵ں˾Ƶ£Ƿǳ׳嶯ģرŮֿɼ¡һҲ⣬˿̵ĶӦǾʣóʱͳ֡


һǧʮ ̱ڻ
ѩޱԷһŵòᣬһԺ󣬼ѽҪˣÿѽҪǱ˿ǿôѽ
ѩޱ˵⻰ʱǼˣһǻ
һ״ȴûгֵĴ㣬Ǻ޳ܵ˵ڳϣ˭ῴüأ
ѩޱһ˵԰ȷʵô£Ͼˣôб˿أ˵˵˶Զ⣬Ҫ뿴СĶҲǲܵ顣
û˿ҲУõѽ
ѩޱȸղŻ˵ܾ˵գΪŮܻӭԺ󣬲ⲻ֣ӴϵĶʹӵ롢λ
һ˿̵ĸоһˬ˵ãԷǰȥͺǸʣԺȴоǳȻԼ£ǸоĿ֮СڶߴԷĽԺһʶؼӴ
ѩޱоԷĶԺһԸоԷϵı仯мֵ־ֹһεؿ°˼ģǷ뷨Ļǲܲˡڻе㵣ģԷһضĻ治֪ǺˣҪ֪ڿڽͨҪϣġ
ʶԺѩޱ˵ˣʵҪǾͷɣֲҶѽ⻹Ҫأ
һ⻰Ժ󣬿ŶԷϽΣⲻѣһӦ
һְطƬϲӱ㰴಻סˣ˶һص㣬ǾϲôߣȻղŴӦԷҶˣҲа취һʳָڶԷ͹棬װӣزŪ
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ѩޱоһֲҶˣһԷҪǼȥĻ⳵û취ˡŮǷĸоȻԳٻһ㣬һ˵Ļͬǳǿң¿ǷǳΣյġ
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һУ˶һѩޱȥʱѾˣĵƹ⼸ε治۾һ״Ҳжˣѩޱĺ첽¥ȥ
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ѩޱѾܲסˣϢôһ˿˼ţ漴ţֱ̱һĻ


һǧʮ ճɺ
֮ǰ˲پƣڻһѵġ§ŶԷǰŲʱ˳ְŴˡ˵ϣҲŶԲܲˣһһĵھӣҪһ£ǿɾ͵ֱֳˡķգһɲȥð˵˶еȲȫǵһλġ
Ժһ޹˼ˣѩޱ״ûԥֱԷѩޱ˿ѾˣڱԷոձһ˲䣬Щģ촽ӴһʱϾ˼ˣֻʶؽֻֽ§ŶԷĲӣһھƶ£һСģˤ
һѩޱڴԺ󣬱˳ѹȥ̵˵촽ֻ뿪ӣ漴һһѾˣֱӰ˽ȥһԺѩޱѾˡ
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ѩޱһ㶣׹Ժߵͨ죬ֱӰͷһĻȥ
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ѩޱʼʱ򣬻е㲻˼뵽ղ¶ˣں㣬ǱҲ̹ȻڶԷˡ
һߺѩޱ˵ڶԷߡѩޱȻѾʮߡˣƤȴͬŮһ㣬һȥоǳ˳˵Ĵƴžָһ״̬ɣ
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һղŵһζԷ֮Ըо㣬ΪʱûгеζѩޱٸǼ֮ʱ׼ˣ㡣
뷨֮һ̼ԷĶԺֽͷǰ
ѩޱҲ޷ˣеᵽأᣬӴ˶һĳЩλĦҪǳκһ£ֻ»ֱ˵Ҫˡ
һѶԷıֿУ֪ʱˣǱشٽ׼ǳ֣ټ֮ǰйһεԵʣûκϰͿʼ󿪴ϵضһʱ䣬ͺ֯һԭʼҲ
˶һǾں˾Ƶ£Ϊ־á˵ǲ׼ȷģΪǰٻҪһһҪ
ղŵһµʱһľͷϣԺܿˣڶεʱ򣬾ƾѾȥˣʱս״̬Ϊһֻµѩޱ֮ǰӦùʱ򣬾Ͳȥˡ


һǧʮ һ
ʱƣڽٽˣĹΪҪĽ֮ǰԵ쳣æµˣָĻ顢οʽʮԺ󣬳˿ο⣬ܶݷþͳ⡣ȵڵʱ򣬴ҶæúܣЩԵİݷһ㶼ڽǰǴҾߵģȸݸꡣ
һ֮ǰոг˵֮ǰλίѾһһݷùˣʹڼİݷ¡Щ⣬زŵͷͷԶҪһ飬ʱҪҪǷʱǾͼпܱò
ڵʱһ޶ϼôĿģһ浱ȻΪ˻ؼҿĸһҲΪ˶Щ˵Χ׷½ء˵̩ĿԺСʹӦҲ˵ͱˣҪ֪Щҹȥĸʻ൱ġ
ʱ䣬һǰǿһкǿէǾԲܻȥģԣŵĺûᣬд˵׼ӡŮȫ̩׼ܳһʱ֮ڣ̩ˡ
һȥǿ˸߶Էϼҹ⣬һҪԭǾǽڵʱ䣬ߵĹɺܡǿ⻰ʱϵıһҪ˵ʲôԺ󣬲ûпڡ
һǿҲһ۾ܿܡʱ⺬ġгڵ£һߵĹɳгģ̩ԴһΪгԺ󣬲ûµĳгʱһڵ⼸ʱɺܣеǱѰˡ
һʹ򶨵⣬ԺҪɵ飬һФιֳڶƺΪгФӺǰʱ˺ܶ࣬ΪѺֵܣһһ̩Ժ󣬽վӵ֮һټγг˵Ǻġ
֮ǰһҲκͨһ¡κҲûⷽ˼˵һ֮˽˽鲻ڼλг棬ȴֻȲ̹Ÿһ㣬ԲûΪг
ܾγг˿ԳΪһĵ⣬ôһø˿гµĺڶ뾹Ժ󣬾ͿŲһгλͿԼˡ
һ㣬˵ҪҸɣиõǰںһ澵һ㣬ôҴпԼӰӣڶ㣬һĲίֵͷͷ˵ΪʵݵģͨŬǼпƾλᣬһԾΪгǿʵʵڵĸѽ˭ܴﵽ߶ȵġ
ؽĹĹٳΪʽĽṹԽϣ̭ļԽ󡣾һؼжԣְλֻĸҲͶʮѣлʵģЩ󲿷ֶǿ۵ġһĻʣµЩλþԵ÷ǳ֣˭ҪܴһĻǷǳֵص顣
һǿе㲻̫ðҲö˵ʲôϾ˼ҵְȨΧ֮ڣȻһ֣Ҳָֻ̫ˡһίԺˬشӦ
ĸ֣һ˵˾㣬յĳг˭ңǿɾ˵ѽˡǿ뵽ʱ򣬾ʲôʱбҪʩΪͨһ£öԷʱ֮ڣڹĹ̵Уֵûһ㣬ΪԷ˵ʱҲÿڡ
꣬һǱȽϿĵģصϼҵʱһҲûί˲֪顣֮ǰͺʹһ˵ˣѯʵʱ򣬲Ҫ͸¶ȥϢ
˵̩֮ûκιϵڵ˶ܻӪ֪ԼϽеؼе٣ǵȻûвݷõĵֻҪһ˹ǽ͸ˣһɴཫѿ״̬
磬һʹ޶ȥ˷ʳǡ֮ǰ֣͹绰˵ҪһһЩʶ֮ǰһĵλ̫֣ͣûбҪͰʡ˹ʲôӴһˣ֮ǰûбҪҲбҪˡ
ʮһѾһ֮ˣͷĻʮԺ󣬽ʡӦò̫⡣ݻĹĸɲҪǸʱĻпҪ뿪ʡ˵ʡǲҪҪǽڵĻᣬһ֣ҾҪˣڻѵãܲá
һĻԺ󣬵Ȼҵ֣ٹȥģϰԼ˼һԸһΪʱ򣬾ʹ֣ëëϹȥˡ
֣ͺ÷֪Ժ󣬵ȻҲǳģλ˼ҿкܳʱûмˣǹǺ÷֮ǰëëһֱߣ͵һôʱ俴ﻹ治Ǹζ
һڷʳǴʱ䣬˵һյʱһĹԼҳ̣ʱ䣬ھ϶ɹġ֣ĺȥȻִһĻȻٺȣľҲܲסѽÿϻصҵʱ򣬻ʡ
֣۲ѣһȷʲôҪ
һûкĽͣڹٻ֮ҳ󣬵ûʵЩ޷˵ֻǳӿЦҿڰʡְҪ³ʡĻܵÿһˡ
³˺ȾƲ󣬶Һˬڻ³ʡǳһ˿̲Ż⻰˵
֣󣬽˵Ҳȥ㣬ҿʱֱӾͲҪؼˣڶ컹ýźȡ


һǧʮ һ
󣬻ص̩Ժһܿ˹״̬гˣ֮ǰֵʱ򣬴һ棬׼Ƿǳֵġôݼʱ䣬һѹ˼·ۣһԣעǲƽģһһֵȫ湤ɳɼǿе˵ȥ
˵γгʱôšĿ˲СĶҲڹͱ˯ŵѾһ䣬˵ɽοһһҲġ֮ǰɽ̩ܿǮǿԺ򲻿ġ
ǿһֻ֣Ҫ̩гκ⣬Ѳ˵ĸϵ£ɽ̶ûΪ̩еĵһֻҪκȥˣʲô飬ٳҲ١
ϵ⣬һҪҪ飬һʡͷİ÷飬ڶ顣
÷飬һڿôˡⱾɽΪǿ̣Ļڵĺ»治һֵõ̩еͷϡ
ȫʡֻԵСԴк̩УԴгΪԵû⣬ΪڽԴݵʵǿ棬ԴеĹȻñг֣˳Χˡ
̩Ȼ͹ԴвСƣǿھýϣһ֮òȴǷǳ޴ġʵȣôҲֵ̩ټһˣ֮ǰǸûκŬ£ȻҲܳΪΨһԵУҪɽһںƶǲܵ顣
ɽ֮ôΪǿ̩егΪ֮ų£Եɺ֮£ųίǡ뵽ʱһʶһܴ⣬ǾԪʹ£Ҳ̫̩гλøȥһĻɽϣɽæ
뵽ʱһֿЦõĸоʹ֮ǰͿ͸ɽ뷨ĻԪ飬ǻͱġǻʵ̫ˣǵͻǹݵˡԪ飬һҲһЩϢ˵Ժڻ׼Ӧþͻˡ
˵ʧ֪Ǹɽ֮ǰΪǿ׼Ĵڷ䵽һĻУ£ȻҪλˡ
ʡԵ㣬˵һЩȷ棬ô˵طٵĳɼĨɱġʧܻǳɹΪԵегй֮ɹˣԲ˵Դϲˣʧˣʡܸʧ˵й
˵һʡԵ㹤̶֮ԭڣóеգ̵ʵʵڵп쵼Ũīزʵһʣĺ£˭ܾأ
˵飬һ֮ǰпǡ̩ĳӻңֱڳϺϵҶǵ꿴̩ĳӺʱģģȻСһ㣬ְȴ֮࣬еԭ֡ҳӵ̩̩ȣй֮޲
һ֮󣬾͸оӦһȫأ취̩鱬ԺԽᶨΪҪؽ½Ļ滹ʲô飬ǿ˵ѽ˵ôѾһ·ɹ񣬻ͿĲһԴ˻Ǻĵġ
һ֮ǰѾˣѮʱ򣬶нҪһҵ̻ᣬ˵ŷ޵ｹ׼ڻĽء̩ܰĿµĻܽǰҶеľöǴ洦ġ
µȻô򵥵ģһԴзǳ̵ʶǰʱŷٴⷽ·ѾһüĿҪĵһȥһ˶ܲܺŷ˵м˼һ档
һ֪鵱Уһ飬ҪȽϴŬ÷Ե飬Ҫ̫֮ǰ޿ĵĶӴžͺкʱǳгЩ鲻̫ÿڣһһĽİȨ˭Ҳ޷ϡ
˵ǿ᲻飬һģƲŵ˵Ȿڵ飬ҲöԷǣűߵġȥǻص˵Ȩ֮档ĹʱҪʵʵڵ飬ôףųܶţҪǣ൱ĻȨĻǿ治ô׵顣
ί˿ƵƱĿǰһռƣԭһֱͦǿټϸ߳ɽܺͼ࣬һƱǿǱ߲ĻкκźͲᣬԼһƱ
״̬£һ˿⣬˵ȥռƣȴûаõϵƱһĻеıʹˡֻҪǿһ˹˵ʲôпܷˡ
һں˼֮ʣϵĵ绰ͻȻһȻǿģ⵹е֮⡣Էڵ绰˵еҪһ¡
һԷ·룬Ӧ
ô˵ǿίǣһ֣֮ô泡ϵ黹õģĻǵԱһ򲻿ôɵġ
ܴӦһҲûȥֿһļԺ󣬲վȥ
һԺ󣬱ǿ鷽վϣԷС˹ԷվΪ˵ģһǿǸһ


һǧʮ Ƽ
ǿİ칫ԺһѦھȻҲ˺̸úͶӣ豭ڣ̻Ҹܿһ˿졣
ܶǰһĻмֳԾһװӣ˵Ҳѽ
Ѧڵ˵ͷǿĺվӭһˡ
Ժǿϵл̸˸һ֧ȸԵϻԺſʼ˵λϴξ׼ͷᣬڱͬ־ҵ˼ԡںˣᶼˣǾӦûˡ
ǿ˵⻰ʱһĿͶ䵽ѦڵϣһӣﲻɵһࡣǿѦ֮ĳĬĻѦ⻰޶ԵġһԲһϢһӻ˵⣬ڲ֪£ѡ񲻿δ⣬ϻһҪԶʧ
һŵһɲǣǿĿһֱϡ֮ǰ֮ûԷ绰Դ򣬾뿴һѦ̸ЦĻһʲôı顣
Ҫ绰֪ͨԷĻһпܻʻ˭ĻҪǹⲻ˵Ļ쵼ǿɲʲô¡Դ绰ĻԷԲܹʣһĻͿԿϷˡ
һһŵʱǿԷɫһ漴ͱܺõιȥˡҪעһֱܼУ׽ϸ΢ı仯ʡʱʡֹһθ߹˲򵥡󣬺е㲻ΪȻʱĽӴԺֶԷ˵һûλǲ򵥣ĳλŮЦǵĻ˵൱Ĳ򵥡
øղŵ˵ҪǻϹӵĻҲʲô̫ԵıʾһʮѽĶʵе׽͸ôġ
ѦڰǿһıֶҲԼ뷨һ֮ǰҲû뵽ô̵ʱ֮ںǿ޸ϵ⡣Ҳһӡ֤˹ٳûһĳޣеֻ棬ֻҪ㹻ʲô̸
ǿߵλһۣидʲôʱϿľ֮λҪôһĻûҪôˡڵʵǾǸʱңңݶΪ
ǿһҵ˼˵λ̩֮ǰҾһ뷨ǾǷʲôش飬ȹͨһ£ɳһԺõίȥۣӦڸõĽص⣬Ǿأ
⻰Ժһе׶Է£Ѧڵ˼ˣǰ칫óһϳίᣬʸμľˣֻҪ£Ѧڣ˵㡣
˵ȵίʱٰĻܹһͦòֱĸоǻͬί뷨ⲻǵ͵ĳ
ȷʵе㲻̫ãǿǶšָѦڷ쭵ĻȻǲܵģΪ֮ǰǿһѾˣҲ˵Ѧ֮һֱûб̬Ϊյ˵һ֮ǰûбҪ˵ֲͣûҪô
˿̣һǿͻȻϮֲȻϡͿؾʹӦԺ뷴ڵĻǿɾͳˡ״ԺһûбҪٺͶԷˣǿһһ˵ǣٿǰ칫ᣬûκ˵ĴС¶оͨˣõίȥҾôƺе㲻̫׵
˵Ժһͣ٣Ȼ˵Ҷǵ뷨ûκڲһǳĲ㣬ûа취ȥӲҪôĻǳ׳⡣
Ŷгô˵ҵǺܸȤгʲô⣿ǿӿʵ
鵽ϣǿļƻʧˡҪóɹĻֻгһûлعͷ֮ʣԷڷǳѣڱ϶ûκ⡣£Էôлɳأ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦǣһѽĹǧͷģƾ˾Ͱе𣿡
ǿһ벻ԷȻ˵һʵʼϲԷȻ͵һв֪ôԶ˶Ժǿ˵г˵ӦЩĹɣǸȻûҪõۣ֮˵Ҫ·棬Ӧûʲôɣ
ǿ˵ҲǱһģһΪ֣Կ⽫ʾԼ顣ԣҲڿ˼ֻҪ£Զһ
ǿжԸٳĻҲܹãҪһȻѶԷˡһ£Ȩȥˣʲôġٸ򵥵˵ֳǵˣгʾҲʾԺˣһŲɵ϶Է
һǿһۣ˵ǣ飬һǾòףɲǵ͹Ϊӵ飬̩أ԰ټƵɲ˵㣬ƺе̫ɶˡ
ǿ⻰Ժ˵гҵ˼ˣֻ˵øĻҪڳί϶ġ
һɫһһ˵ǣǰ˵ٻö˵飬ڳίϻͨĻǲҲ˵̫ˣ


һǧʮ 
ǿ벻һȻ⻹еֲ˼ѦʹɫöԷ˵䣬Ҫ˵ȥĻһ˵ֱɲ뿴Ľ
ѦڵıԺǿﳹˣԷɳյسأ·һĶԻûн뵽ԷһȻˣϴ¶Էǹڻ֮ԵͷҲǿͼ¡ʱڰǻĻȻǲܵ飬ǿ֪˿ֻпԼˡ
һ˵г뷨ҪһѽǿɲжǰַǴ˼˵Ĺˣղ˵ģҪǵõίȥۣҶûʲôĻǲ˵ǵľȷ
һ⻰Ժ󣬶ǲм漴ʵ
ǿ벻һⲻϹҷӦǿңô˵ԷҲͬ۵ġתһ룬ı˼·ôȥˡȻԷѾʶˣټȥҲûκˣʵʵ̵˵Ժ˵ɡ
תԺǿͲ涯Խˣϵ黺˻Ȼ˵Ȼ棬гвͬǲȽһߡ˼ȻһˣǾһ¹ڳίӵ䱸⣬λô
⻰һһѦŵĶȷҲʶһ㡣֮ǰǿһѦĳЩŵѹֶԷƽ͵칫ˡ
һ벻ǣǿܸѦʲôĳŵеİѳίˣһָĳгһְˣڰֻȱʶʱһе㲻ˣΪǿΪ£Ѧڣλøǿ治̫ðˡڵǻᣬյĳίᣬ㶼մˡ
ڣһעǿûǣĿǰյƱֻƱѳгѡѦڵĻǶԷҲƱˡѦҪһƱԽѹס浽һĻյΪ졣
Ҫ֪еĴ𰸣ܼ򵥣ֻҪһῴǿγгѡˡȻһѦڻ˭ûʲôգߵýģϾҪҲô˶ѡ˵ǿˣһ۾Ҳ֪ĳʱȥİ칫ܵúڣôŬʲôĽһ֪ˡ
ǿѦε൱ϣصͷһȻûȷʾ޳ɣҲûзԣ͵ĬˡһĻǿǺܿĵģô˵ջġ
ĿǰΪĵĵȻǳгԱˣλòζԺһƱ⣬һܱʾѹһһͷڣ˼֪һҪһԼ˵гȻں롢κ̹֮䣬˭һӻ֮һǾûκʵġʱ򣬳ʲôĻǶһӰɲһĴѽ
ǿ֮ǰѡ浹ûжʲô˼ڶԣ֮ǰѵίߵ˳ˣǱϾ˼ԴʩΪվԺᵽ飬ǿȥˡ
ǱһӪõˮ©ʩΪȻˣҪָܴʲôΪĻǿɲһ׵顣⵹˵ԷУϾһǳǿƣλгֶˣټʩΪû볣£Ҫڳʲôǲܵ顣
ԴӶ˰ʩΪ볣뷨ԺǿͿʼ෽ˡʡֻҪһкˣɽѾȷ̬ˣֻҪ˱¬ҪǿŵĻȥҺҢͳԪʣµͨȷʵһ򵥵顣
ǿڳίҲзǳѵʶģȻվߣҪ˵ƳίᣬԶԶûй
һ˼ԺѦںһĻĻͻöˡȻҪĻǵȻҪóһ棬ǿҲ뵽ˡʩΪΪԺȻͻһгλóѦڵˡһҪʵڱƵýĻҲһгг֮ǰԺһгǶüá
һĻ԰Ѧ£һܰʩΪǱһһĻһǶһöˣ˵ʲôʱܷ벻á
뵽Ժǿмֵ֮Уһο˵һʯÿ治һƯ
ǿµһ֧Ժ˵гʱĹˣҺͱǶĿ㵣ôصһӣҪһ¹ڸ֣ô
Ȼǿ⻰е㻭˼һǺ֣صص˵ͷô˵ûɷγгģ¾ǿᣬһҲҪᡣ鱾ûзģֻھѡвͬѡ
ǣǸȺģɲڵ飬˵̩ˣڴҵϤҺгܺȡǿ˵˵һ˵еļг棬˭Ƚʺϸһͬ־֡
ǿ֮԰ѷǳ򵥵һ仰ôӣסһ졣һڵĻԲʩΪģĻûѶԷˡһ̩ʱܺ롢κǲ̹Ŷ˲ٵĳɼΨʩΪ˸ɺñְ⣬Ҳˡ£ǿȽѦڵĿڣʩΪ׳


һǧʮһ ͻȻ
ѦڻûпڣǿĻԺһôˡ֮ǰĵǶģԷǲΪġ𰸺׵óǿҪ׼ѦڵλԲʱöԷġڣѦֻǿѡô˵ڶ֮УΪ˱ӣҲ⡣
ȻѦڵˣһûʲôõĵˡǿ֮ͬˮ֮ǳԣȻǶԷˣôôˡѦڵˣð죬ǿ֮ϵţٺѦڽĻǶԣȻʲô¡ĻֻѦڳ׵ǿǱߣ޶ΪԼһˣαأ
Ѧڿһһۣ˵˵гзȨǼȻ˵Ҿһ͵שˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬲ʱ۾һصͷ
һȻóԷʾأҲ˵ͷһơ
ѦҲʱɵӣȻóǿһ֮ˮݵļƣǰʱʡҲʱܵģ˽⵽һЩصϢĿǰֵ˵һҲ֡
ϴκǿ֮ԺҲ뿪ˣֱ濹˵ģҪ֮価̵ܵ棬ʵʵġκҵί˵ҪһʱѦڵͷӦ
ȻӦǿǰ칫ϰѳгѡ˵ⲢζһҪгƲڿ֮ȺһüȥһҪ˼ܼ򵥣ֻѡĺûйϵʲô뷨ҲóֱȥѦһԺװ˵г㿴Ϊͬ־ôҺӴʱ䳤һ㣬Ҫǰ˵ĻӦֵ˰ɣ
Ѧڵ⻰ȥ˵ú⣬ʵ֮ǰȴܶһԽԴӺǿɺԺ˼ˣ˶ﶼʩΪô˵ģ泡ܹҪһɣܲԵ޹ʵȥɣܵøһɳɡ
һԷʻԺҲװ˵Ϊͬ־ѽ밡
ǿһıԺǽţ֪ԷͬʩΪγгȷʾ֮ǰܹ黹еġһֱŵĻ˭Ҳ˵̫һ
ǿѦ˶۰Ͱ͵ؿһ֮ʣͻȻ˵¹شû׼һӻе㲻̫˵ˣǣ˭ЭҸȫ湤һͬ־ûʲô뷨
һ⻰һڣǿѦڶһѦȻе㲻̫ȷ϶Է˵⻰ĿģԺ󣬻ǿ˵гù滮ֵôڹ滮ЩͷˣҲЩ뷨㿴
ãһ˰˶ȣ˵ʱҲڿ⣬Դ֮ȪгԺ֮ǰһ̯һֱҴʵģҼϵĵҲˣʵǷͬ־ǣأ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬳סˣôҲ벻ôͻȻġ֮ǰѦõǣȳгѡԺ̸г飬һһۣһҲֻܱôͻȻһˣⲻȫǿǣһӾ֪ôڲźá
һ˵ıֿкǵ⡣Ǵʲô⣬ǿѦгѡʱͿˣԼ˼Ժ󣬾뵽˶Բߡ
Ѧ֮ԵǿһߣȻΪ棬ȻгѡǿˣһḱгˡȻĺǿģһһܵѦڣȷסԷ죬˵
ҪѦڲڣǺܼ򵥣ֻҪλˡһ£Ѧںܿ˵ͼѹ滮ֳΪгǿûзӦ֮ʣһȱ̬ȻŶԷʣȨ͵С
ǿĿɿڴı֣һЦ˵Ƕͬ־вͬĿѽҪ١
⻰Ժǿѹˣæ˵ͬ־ûûͬ־Ҳġ
ǿɲʱѦڣĻעûϷˣæرԼ̬ȡ
Ѧ˵ĶԻԺۣɳһУ֮ԱҪ˵һտڵʱܻе㲻زȻܻ㲻Էͼˡ
벻ѦҲʱ򣬵λٶ׷ʾáǿЭʱﻹе㲻һġԷʩΪǿ˵˻ͷˣӲǲλʱһҲûС벻ھȻѡͨˣǿͦʩΪһûб̬Ӧ׶༪١
Ѧ뵽ʱ򣬳ǿͶȥǸһЦ˼˵æҿǰﲻˡеĵܼ򵥣һհ˵˻ܲڵͷͺ˼ҰɣҲе̫˵ȥˣһΪҪǣѦѹͲһΪС
ǿһͷѦڵǷǳģеκһܽаģ֮ϡ࣬ץȡԼ棬ǵǰѦڵλ
һѦڳǿĶﰵϲղŵйЧһĻͺðˡٺ˲ȶأҪĿ귢ˡ


һǧʮ Χ
ǿȻо˲Ծȴ޴ֵĸоѦԼõĶһѾǰ˵˳ɲ˵ɲһģ̩ίǰ칫ᣬ˵ĻҪеӦεġ
һǿˣ֪ݵʱˡǿ˵ͷȻ˵ǣղűǵǸ飬ҿһ£Ϊͬ־Ǻܲģͬ־Ҳǲģ롢ţأ
ǿ⻰Ժ΢΢һ֪һô˵⣬ԷʵģҲܲǣԵ˵ͷ޵һͬһĻ
Ϊ˽һ̽һĵƣǿ˵гҵĹɵöڲϼ֯ŸɲˣֻҪûʲôԭĻáҺãҺã԰ɣ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵ǣѽֻǾ£Ҫ˵ѡгĻںͬ־еǷȱ⣬ıֶͦġ
һô˵ҲչѦڵӡԷղʩΪʱ˵µģһڿһҲǶѦڵһ϶ֱ׵ĻѦһóġ
ǿһջǰѡ˳ԣҲ⣬Ͼгλ̫ؼˣζųίϵһƱĶֱ֣ܹһǣãԷҪǲһǲŽأ
Ȼ˫ѡˣձʱˣǿԴ˻мְյġ֮ǰѾѦڴЭ飬˵һгһģֻڶѡǿţǵĺʲôвġ
ǿѦͶȥζһƳȻ󿪿˵гͱǸһѡҪһ£˭Ϊһ㣬øҲе
Ļ䣬һ˵ǣҾûҪ˰ɣͰ˶ΪѡˣȻôڻۣҾǵһֵĸɲԭ뼯ϣأ
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һǿԲģɴһϷʵԷ뷨ֱӷŵǿٴҲҰһרеⶥñӿʡͦҲúúһġ
һ£ҪʩΪ񼷵ú붥ȥ붼Ҫ飬ֻ˶ΣúʩΪһίίĺѡϣ˵ģֻܵʱ˵ˡ
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鵽زԺǿ̾ˣҲ̫ϾʩΪҲǳгĺѡ֮һûбȫ̭֡˵ܲܵѡϣͿʱίǹͨˡ
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ǿİ칫ҳԺһѦڿ䣬̧칫ȥ
¿ϰϵɫ̫ãԷϲԺ󣬵һᣬûԸˣתȥˡ
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һʱ䣬ˣҲö˵ʲô֮ǰ׿ڴӦ£ܲڻعͷٰԼ˰ɣҲûĵѽ
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һΪǿܿѳгճ̣ϴκһѦ˵ģӦü޵飬ǣһ˼ڣӲûκηӦ
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ô˵һԴ»ǷǳӵģѺйʾһԷ̩кܶˣܺͳί֮ûйҲ취˵յ벻Ч
һ˼ԺǳһԷʾлƲܷԸǳмһ
⻰Ƿĵģ˵ҲһˣϾκվӵģٳ϶Ⱥ˳Ƿǳģгûб̫ϣһȴʾ飬еļ֪֮
һ֪飬ǿȻˣʱ֮ھͲˣһ棬ûлðίֵ֧İգһ棬ҲһѦǰݡ
֮ǰһʲôǰ칫ᣬ˵ˣгȥģûаˣǾͽˡھһʱĹˣ׼ٿˣҲ̫ûгǸһ㡣ǿǾԲ˾ٶģĻԼöˡ
鵽ϣһҲ̫ƽϣһһɣȻûкͺ˵ǰ칫ϵ飬Ҳ˶Էһ䣬ǾҪ쵼е㲻ͬ뷨ʱһҪѹ̤ʵˣǧܳʲôĻҲе㲻̫ð˵
һѻ˵ϣһܹģҲһע쵼ĶһĻʡ¡ֻҪз紵ݶһڵһʱ֪ͨġ
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ŷһĻԺ󣬻Ƿǳĵģ˵ΪʵڲеĻҲûа취
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ŷǶõϢӦòǺԽˣһԽҪô׼ĻҪĿڳ˵ΣΪˣһѩޱټ̩ϵԼĳһ顣
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һҪݹ˼·нʵʵĻ㱨Լ״̬µʵǡ
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һǧʮ Ū
Ļɾŵһֱʮһ룬Сʱʱ䣬λλձһҪκˮ֣˶㲻⣬ԻٵػһЩƳĶݿȥƯһ㡣
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ٽʱһ˻ȥԺ޸ı棬ûκˮ֣ʲôӣд˸Ū٣ġ
ѩޱμ飬ϵıȴȻͬıֳأЦ֮⣬ѩޱȴһһͷˮ֪һʲôá
뿪ʱѩޱ˰ģȺߺСʵ㾿ڸʲôѽĪ롭
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һ⻰Ժ󣬿ĲԣԷǽޱȵģ޲ֽ§ǰ칫ңԲ˳ľٶģĻһ˽ײˣǿɲġһԼĹζ뱣ܣʹڻĸǰҲй¶Ϣ
ѩޱҲһĿ⣬һЦ˵ʲôѽϴκ˵ĻҪٿĻҿɾˣ
һĳȣ뵽֮ǰԼ˼Ϊ˷ֹԼһʱ嶯ⶣѩޱȥ벻ԷȻ⻰ó˵ˡ
ŶԷľ̬ѩޱ˵ȻҪȥμ̻ᣬǵȻҪúÿһ㣬ôʵǵأѵҵôģ
ѩޱԺһֱ̩и죬Ƿǳġһ֪ϸ̫äĿֹۣԲŻѡги鳤֮Ĺϵô˵Ȼǲ̫ʵģ֮ԴǲϵԺһ󣬲ⲻƽϣܿġ˵Ů˶㹤ֺ֧͹עȻˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵ģôֻǽʵףҵеȥкƵı棬Ѿú֯дˣģ
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ѩޱԺ󣬵ͷɫ죬һ˵СŮ̬Ժ󣬲ŵ˵ˣҪʲôʱпյĻȥ˵ģƫ˵㣬ٽɽˣԼҪһأ
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ѩޱһ㣬˵첻Уҵðúʰһ£Ǳжûסˣʲôģ͵úúôɨһ£ĻĶסѽ
һԺһӦ֪Է˵ʵ飬̫żˣ¡ѩޱԷپˣһкԺ󣬾߳ȥˡҲܺôһİ칫棬±ɡ
ѩޱȥԺһҡҡͷһ֧̣ʼղźͶԷ˵ǰ͵ġԴ֮ĹϵʵԽչԺȻÿǵԺ
Ǻɽׯ¾СʺĻᣬɽׯͲ˵ˣ˵¾СǱҲвίסţټϻ衢ͮСӣһǴⲻáѩޱȥһطⰲȫһΣҲͲõµˡ
ѩޱղ˵ӦѾ׼òˣһʱӦþͳˣһԴ˻мڴǰʱѩޱһ֮󣬶ǷʴǵζǷǳڴġӶԷУһҲܿóѩޱԴ˺뷨һġ
绨ѩԺһͰ˼еǰ档Ѿľȥˣ̻¸һʼò̹Ŵ̩̾֡ϵյʱȥ
һʱȹȥһףȻ˳ŷԼСžһôʱһеĸˡ


һǧʮ 
һܵǰ죬һæŰعȫ׵ˣĵʱܷ뿪ʱ䣬̩ܶ˵Ƕ˵ǷǳҪģҴ⡣ǿǱ߻ضţɾĻ롣ҲŲ̹ŴӹȥѺԭڡ
̹ŵʱպͺȣǱȽ϶̵ģټѾ밵ʾҪϳ񸱵λãһĻȲ̹ŸƣһҲܸΪһ㡣
һǿʱû᳣г飬¾̫ʱģΪʱԽԶԷҲΪ
Ҫ⣬Ͳòᵽϴٿǰ칫ʱˡڿ֮ǿǺѦھѾЭˣǾǷֱʩΪγ񸱺͸г
ǿҪ͵ֲֻˣѦڵһ᲻ʹ죬ò̵һгλãô˵Ļúǿƴֽ׶ΣǿӦǺѦģ鲻Ϻܳʱġ
һǿڵʱô˵ԷôȥģĶίǡгڣҪµĵĻһһ֣ǿ͵óԲ˶ߡǶ˵һʱȫȫĵ̻ϣ˵飬ȻصԺ˵
磬һ緹ص˺ɽׯͲȥϰˣֱȥˡ֮ǰҪ׼һʲôģȻһ£ɵÿСʱĳءǰȥ˵ΪȶһҲкŷԼž۵˼£һǲѻȥģֻԼһ㣬Կˡ
ȻȾͺŷ˵ˣȥǳʱһûкϵ֪ԷҪ֪ԼȥĻһܵĵģԾҪȵԺٺͶԷϵ
һ·ϣһ鶼Ƿǳģ˵ʱ紺Ÿٹ·ߵһ̡࣬˾ͲطˡѹֽΣũҲʲôģʢþӳе˼԰⣬ȷʵ֮СһŸĽɫ˹ӭǰͶ֮̽󣬽׼ģһջġ
ڲʱ䣬һĳٲ죬һڣڸ棬ѾǱȽˡЩͳٶȶԶԶ˺棬һȴһҲ⡣ůյ󣬶һһβ̵ọ́ԣȷʵǳѵãԴ˻Ǻϧġ
ģҪȥݷһ¶еĸгŻλгҲĿǰ¬ǿĴ֮һгȻû볣ڶȫĵλȻҲԵ÷ǳˡ
һڴ绰¬гʱһ䣬Դȥвμ̻ᡣ¬룬һȥȥݷһ¶еĸгŻ
Է⻰Ժһһ漴˶Է⣬ﻹе㵣ĵġȻгŻֻǸгг֮Ĳɾʹȥˣе㵣˼ҲԸ
¬󣬺ǺһЦһģŻͬѧ֮ĹϵǳãǰԷ绰ġ
һ⻰ŷڽʱ򣬺ͶԷϵһ¡Ż֪һʱǳУϵѡ⻰Ժһ̤ʵˡ
Щν̻ʲôģˣʱ򣬻黹ûпأ˭Ѿˡڿʱƨƨȥ˼ϵ˵ƻ˶ˡ¬˵ŻʱһͶ˼ֻû˼ſڡ벻¬ѾͶԷ͸¶ˣĻгҲ˵֮Ļ
ھ붫ʮҵʱһʻ˷Ȼһ绰ŷ١
ŷ˵һѾˣ֮Ա֪ɾȻԼųģһӽ㿪ǽԺ󣬿·ϱȽ϶£Ҫһ㡣
һЦ˵û£İɣȻӣѶȣӦѲסҡ
ŷ⻰ԺһЦȻһֱӵӦ··ͷһſڣǸطȡ
һµǲдһڴӦǻĹҵ뾭õģʴУΣԸӵĽͨ·ﻹеûסҲŷֱӵһԭǶʶġ
ʮڸĲʲôСʱһ¸ˡԺñŤʱ°ʱ䣬·ϲ̫£ˣһǾúǲˬ̩пһҲûĸо
ʻ˰СʱԺһ㵽һſڡѳͣԺ󣬾Ͳͨŷٵֻ绰ոսͨͲʹ˶Էٵι㵽ĶˣôûеѽڲӦö³ѽ
һ󣬴󺹲ѣٶȻһŷٶеȲˣæ˵Լλá
ŷٵ˵Ժ󣬿˵ǵң͹
һҵ绰Ժ󣬵һ֧̣һ·ϣֻڷʱ򣬳֧ڻе㷸񫣬ŷûйĻᣬ׼úõһԼ
ϻԺ󣬸ճڣͻȻŷٵĳӶʻˡһ״æӵ̵٣׼ƿţȥӭӶԷʱֻµһɲ漴۵һ죬һæѴڳϵ˻ˣŻƵһ͵عˡ
һе㱻һȻıʸŴˣ֪ӦײˣΪһɫܳĳͣһӻûĶײˡĳӳ˳⣬طûж


һǧʮ ɱ
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СһӳԺŭ˵ôģôطţҸƾƣΪţѽû⳵ֵǮɣȫҶ
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һ۵Сһһ˵˵˭أ糿ûˢѽôһڣô
ѽ˵£ôܿھأŷ߹Ժ󣬿˵
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бѸղŵĻ˵һ飬б³һŮ˽лʲôȥôģһŭ
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һǧʮ Ѳ
һСѾɥʧսˣڵӣɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ҳղŵ֮ɫЩ棬ҪĻ֪ԺŲǰװơɫ˵˻һЩɫǿ׳ţĲУ㽫һͲȣ⻼һԭα¶ˡ
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һһçײ֮ˣС࣬˵ܲǶԷȳֵĻҲöʰ߻еġ۵ĶһʱǷǳҪġ
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꾯˿Ѿһţĳƣһ⳵ֻҪǼٵģʲôĹƵóԲ˶ˡپ֮ǰҲ٣ڶҹôţľƵģǵһο
ҪپƵĻҲôţģǲǰˣעò˭Ҳôɵɣ꾯ٷ֮ʮȷϣ⳵ʮа˾ġ
ʶԺ꾯⣬ǳͬʹһɫ⽫קһקǰһŻ±˵λǻ¹ӣǾѽǸӦ·εѲʾʲô飬ܲϸһ¡
±⻰Ժˬ࣬¹ӵĴڶпǺܽеģ첻֪ײʲôаˣ˭ƵģһʶˣȻҪúõװһװơ
װǲӵ꾯һۣȻ˵˵ǾôµģֳԺ˽ܺ˴ӵ۾ģҪ֣ΪѣһҪͶǡ
±һҲˬ˵ⷬʱ򣬿ȥΪ˱ʾķŭʵϻȥеġ֣塱ָӦ·ڵľֳ֣ġղȻ֣ĵĹϵˣҲ׼˼ҾţʱڷŭĹУؽ©˳
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һԷ˵⻰ʱѡּ֣׶Է˼ˡӦ·ɳ;ֳ֣֮䣬ӦеϵϾһд֣
ʶԺŶԷ˵٣û£еʱ䣬Ȼ棬Ҿ͹ˣҪллλ١
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һ˵⻰Ժתͷŷһۣ˵٣ȥӼɣѧʱӦÿ쵽˰ɣߵ飬ԺҸ绰
ڽţŷĶܷģ׼˵һ΢΢ҡҡͷȻڶԷ˵һ䡣
ŷϵıһ漴ǲĵʵ˵ļٵģ
ʲôʱƭ㣬ģԲµġһ˵
⻰ԺŷٷˣŶԷһЦȻ˵ãȹȥˣһҴ绰
һһͷŷЦŵ˵ͷ
ŷ䲻뿪ۿ͵ѧʱˣҪٲȥĻӿҪǿޱˡ


һǧʮ 
ŷٸ׼𲽣ͻȻһȣ㡭㲻ߣվס
ֳ˶һһһܻУ˵֮Ǹлļһʲô֣ٺƽϣ벻Ȼұĳǵȵܲߣʲôʱֵ˵ˣʲô㣡
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ȷϰȫԺ󣬻±ͳ˵ǲǸŮ뿪Ǽһͬ
һһǷģ޲ȥѽϾоڳôĻе̫ˣ۽ŶԷ˫ȭ˵ھǰ£ٳԲѷĻųھǰ
꾯һıֿæŻ±򿪿˵±λŮʿ֮йϵ
УкܴϵǸһͬ˵ָָһ
һ״ϵıˣб˻±һۣȻλ˵Ҫ˵λŮʿûйϵĻǿ˵йϵҵĳԺҵѣȻͼϮңûа취³
쵽Ժһֱæźͻ±壬˵֮便ʲô飬ûиһһ˵еô¡£˶ΪһǳѣòȫûǸҪ
꾯󣬳Ż±˵º˵֮ͬĳϹϵɣɣֻ⣬ʵشңһĳˣλŮʿûйϵڶϵƺûйϵ
±⻰Ժʶҡҡͷ
ıԺ꾯ŷ˵ŮʿˣʲôҪĻλ绰ϵ
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ͣһͼһӺ˳⻹һ⣬˵ߺͻ±࣬ȴ˫ѹһһĸо
±ԺЦӭȥЦ˵֣壬ˣѽ
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֣⻰ԺæĵʵСôˣʲôˣˣô£
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⻰Ժ󣬻±ʧĺ˸ĸһ㣬ɥʮ㣬˵֣壬Сֶǳ˴ˣղűǻݺݵһ٣㿴
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֮ǰΪŷٳھúˣԣҲʡö¡ڷǰСǶôɰҪúһеԲ


һǧʮ ȥɳ
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ϻ⻰Ժ󣬿˶Էһۣ˵ô̫ʰɣ˲ûʲôľٶһ£˵Ҳͬȥˡ
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֣⻰Ժ󣬷ŭ˼㣬µĶôķϻϾϣӵţûйϵ¸ѽǵСѹֻڽѲߡ
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ԺǸϻľһ˵ֵܣȻʲôͷʲôϵĻȴ绰õԿǽл֮ĹϵҲó׻˵úãǰѽ
Ҫ˵ղϻе㵣ĳʧ꼰Ļôеϣһĺ̨㹻ǿӲٿԺݺݵس֣ͷԷղŵǷĺܴҪһǰ濪ڣпܵʱͺͶԷˡ
һע⵽ϻ˵⻰ʱѹúܵͣǰ濪˾Ǹˣ⳵ĻӦרϻľ첻˵СȻ˵ĻһͲѵ¶ˣҪʲôöԷ֪ˣͲˡ
лֵѣû£һ˵֮ʱŶԷ˵ͷ⻰˼߶ԷЩö˵ֻܵ㵽ΪֹˣҲʾѾ֪ǰ˾ˡ
ϻԷô˵ɵðоǰ˿Ҳʮӣ˵ĸоȴһֺ伫ƵĳȣĴȷ¡
һѲڳｻɫܳҲûšΪ˷֣˵±Сӿľϸ˵˳
֣ľԺںسŻ±˵Сѽģ֣ͷˣ㿴⳵һôҲʮɣټˣҽҩʲôģ򲻹ְɡҪСʹһ㣬ʮҾͲΪĻߣ
±⻰Ժǿģ漴е㵣ĵʵ֣壬Ҫֻ˵ǮʲôģҲ֪ҲںɣǮҶҪ͵Тϵģٴܰװ֣壬˵԰ɣ
УȻ뷨ţҪʿɶֹ̫ݵĻ˿⣬ǮҲ׵֣Ǻǣ֣¶ŻĵЦݡ
ģ֣壬ʮǮĻҲ㣡±˵


һǧٰʮ ţɳ
һѶԺ󣬾ûٹעˣֻ۵һˣͷǳ谵ķ߸ˡһ۾΢΢𣬵һᣬӦԺŰ۾Ҫ˵֮ǰ½ϾûбҪЩһ˷ʱ䣬ǰҪΪŷٺͶӵġ
ıˣúһ棬˵ļͿȫȫŷĸԣǸֳ̻ȥȥˡʱ˷һʱĻǺбҪġ
һûֻ꣬۵һˣǸֵ˽ĳ꾯⣬һݸ߸ˣһЦ˵һǸƨ۵λСɫ˵ȶһӦȫһССɳѾˡ
֣ݸ߸˵ֵϻֱߡһ֣һɪģ¶˲мһ˵ɫܶײСɫһȨԺ󣬾ΪһĶֵµһˣĽɫһĿɽԺ͸Ŀˡ
Ա䡢ְҵ֣ŭ˵
ǰ˵ɳԺϾȻźЦ⣬ǲˬ׼˶Է֮ʱݺݵչһ磬һõܴߵݸ߸˱һ
һб˶ԷһۣشһУʮ꣬ʡ̩ίǡг
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֮ǰһ꾯ϻʱпǧΪλǾˣ벻˼Ҿ̩егʡ붫бȽϽҶǱߵǷǳģ̩пǻʡĵؼ֮һۺǱȽϿǰġǰλȻԳ̩гϻһĿ֣Ͽȥ
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һŶԷŭŬ죬˵֤ҵ´棬ҵֱţ˵ôã
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ݸ߸˼ظо˵ӦһѵõĻᣬǳŶԷ˵ţȥһСӾʲôͷǺǣ
ûȵ֣ͷһѾȿˣ鷳ˣЦҾŻģΪҲ˰ɣ˵⻰Ժһͣ٣ϻ˵λ磬鷳æ´֤øһ£Ȼ´档
ϻ⻰Ժ󣬲ûжǰĿͶ֣˼ڵȴ
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ϻ⻰˵һڴѲߵģúôҪ
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һӶԷĻһ˿ϷŰ֮⣬͸ղŵ̬ȽȻͬһҲ벻⾿Ķ˶ԷһԺ˵ҺûбҪ֣㱨ɣôʲô
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һԺ󣬲ʶԭǳĹ֤ǰԺհģɺϵǣʱƬʱôϵ·ԷԴΪݣΪ֤αġ
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һԷʧȥˣ֪ٶ˵ʲôҲ洦۽ݸ߸ˣҪǶԷҹĻ׼ԳŽŷŻģݸߣĲȣֻҪһʵˣúúһġ
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Ů⻰ԺŷС˵֣ȥӵ绰
Ŷ֣ƤŮĻԺҲڨڨ֮Уֱӿ첽ǰȥ


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Ȼ˼Ҫָ˵֣Ȼҵǰһ˵гƽʱȷʵϰߣǶ֪úóԣôͷֻҪ˵ˣһհ졣


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춪˵Ļһ˵Ҫ֮ǰʰİè鷳뵽ʱ֣ͷ綷ĸо
һһԹ۶Էı֣ԷԥСɫ뷨ˣԷȨأˣͲκεĳɡһյѡһҲģȻû׶ԷղǸ绰е˼ġ£ûѡġ
ǰֳ̾ı磬ֳҲֻѣǾûеΪгģο滹Żáı뵽ôԼϸժɾˣõȻϾ˼ˡó飬벻һֻܹԹԾͷˡ
һͷͷոŹ˵гȷʵҲԣûйסԼų죬ھԣԺٵˡ
˵⻰Ժ̧֣žһ£Լһ⡣˵֮⣬±ϻݸ߸˶סˡ֮ǰһ֣֮ĶԻǺܴԽԶԲûǾ˵ʲô͵ؿ֣Լ⣬һӶסˡ
ݸ߸˼æǸʲôѽʲôµĻǡ
죬ûǵ飬£˭Ҫ˵ȥĻϡһƤ֣ŭȵ˵ͬʱ֣ϵĶûͦҿԼк
һ۾һԲһĿ־Ƶġ
ʮԺ֣ϳ˼˿Ѫһһ˵֣ͣһͣи⡣
֣⻰Ժæסһ֡ҲһݽɫȻȥˣǾûʲôġһǴʮ⻹Ǵ۲۵ΣӷûˣԶøɾһ㣬ܲȡԷͬ顣һˣȻɵȥģԼɵˡ
һԷԺ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʵ֣֮ǰһ˵˼໰֪ǵûУҪȶˣҿɲѽ
֣⻰Ժ󣬱ͨһƬϱøˣڵһ仰Ҳ˵
һ˺һԷûʲôӦŵ˵ղûаҵĻȥѽһû˵˼໰ɣҿٴ˰ɣֳ֣أ
֣⻰ԺѵʱĶ˵ֻ֣ص˵ͷ
±ϻݸ߸˰˵ĶԻڶֻŵĸо֣ͳԼ㹻𺳵ˣ벻λţ棬öԷͣԺ󣬾ȻټһҪ˵ˣ±Ͼûʲô̫ϵ±ɲˡ±ǳģ֣ͷˣֵʱ֪һأ
֣ҪǼղŵĶٳ⵹Ҳνеһ۳ŶԷ͵һɣһ֮Ա
Ҫ˵֣֮ǰеԥԷһԺҲ˿ˣ̧ҿֻžžž˵Ķɱ档±ϻݸ߸˴˿Ѿ֣Ƕˣ˵ʵ˴ģģ滹ǵһμ
Ѷһᣬ֣һЦؿһ˵г㿴ѾҪȥǲǡ֣֮Լ뾡°ƽҪʹˣԷԲɿڵĻԩأ
һҲ֪þյĵ˽ľ֣һһӵģ´ҪٵӦ·ĻԷһġ֣һۣ˵֣֮ˣ˵֮ǰ˵ղŵһҲף֮鵽ˡ
ֻ֣һСɫһ֮ҪݺݵʰһҪΪ֮ǰʵ̫ɺˣ˵ʲôҲԡȻĿѾﵽˣȻûץסԷŵĵ
⻰Ժ֣ﳤһղŵʮûаװǰһһ˵гǼȻ˵ĻϵȥҪ쵼ǹĻҡ


һǧٰʮ ˲
һȻ֣˼ĳ̶ֳ˵һֱСģϧݳԼĶ⣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ǺҪһءҪˣϣϹӲſ
Ҫ˵г뵽ɳ˽˵е㲻̫˵ùȥϾ̫飬ڵʵǣȻѶԷⲻ˽ô򵥵ˡҲ֣һҪһȥԭڡ
һ̧ͷɨ˶Էһۣ˵֣ҿԽе㲻ʹҸղѾ˵ˣȥףҪɾͲô򵥵ˣ㲻ת֮˰ɣ
һ˵⻰ʱ򣬱ǳüͷһĲˬ
֣벻ĻȻԷ˷УһǶ֪ôźáĴһһۣС˵гҪȥĻһ쵼ԺóԲ˶ѽ͸ҵӰɣˣ
֣˵⻰ʱһĿ࣬ҪڳĻ˵ֱӹһ
һԷı֣¶һ֮УҪдĻΪ˲ٿԷĵӣԥģֻڿ϶̸ˡ
һͶȥĵһƳȻ˵ˣҲҪˣɣڿʼûйϵˣҴôҿɰѳ˵ǰ棬Ҫĥĥû꣬ǿɾͱˡ
֣һһı飬￩һ£Ϊ˲öԷ˵ǾپˣҪΪ£ǻ˶ԷĻղŵǶٶɾװˡȻԷ˵˵⻰Ӧò⣬ڵǣŵùŲԷˣĻֻҵù
Ժ֣һͷϻֺõ΢Ц˵ллгллг鷳ˣŶˣ̡
֣ôʱ͵ʲôƵģ쵽´ȥ̡֪ﲻеţ֣쵽´õ̺Ժ׼͵ʱȴôҲͲ´滹һֻקƵġ˻ıֳ֣˶̿ס֮У˭ûЦһǲмǲҡ
˾ţ֮Ժ֣òװ̺д´˳æصһ֧һȻæŰһ˿̵ûоܾԷģֱţĵˣҪ֧ʲôģȷʵ̫㣬ֻɶԷˡ
Ҫ˵֮ǰ֣е㵣һһݹȥԺﳹ׶ˡˣ˼ûбҪһСɫƽϣղʮֻΪ˳һѡҪԼôĻõ˷ʱǻŬŬ顣еĹؽԺˣһյس̣ͷֿʼˣЦгҰ칫д㶫ȥȥһȥ
˵⻰Ժ󣬼һϵıûб仯֣̤ʵˣ¶ˡӦ·ϵǺܳʱˣ˭ڸˡ뵽ԺҲ˿ĵæСȥǷ˶ϵķһһģеΪ֮ģ᲻һ
һԷı겻ѣԸ֣ĻɫҪԶͻڲˡעɲ˴֮Ҳ͸ɵ͵Ĺ̵ӬͷС˼ƽϣһʧԼݡ
֣ܿͰѲݹˣһϣ߲ûʣŲ豭վһߣ䵱һĲ輸
˼Ҳˣƫƫݸ߸˾һƨĺûᣬһƨƨߵߵ֣ߣЦ˵ӣѲ豭棬ôץϣǡ
֣ŶԷŭʲô£ûгһô豭Դ
ݸ߸˱׸ڣ˭֪һƨĵȥˣû̵һٳֻôͷɥذ˻صѶǰݸ߸֮ǰû룬֣˶ӮһĺøУʱȥǵȻûȤˡʱӦ·ɳΪֵһĻһ֮СźŴķˣ˲Ҳ˵ʱʱصͷһ¶ԷķӦʲôطֲλ˶Է
һԴ˵һҲΪ⣬ûöԷСź˼Ը⣬ܲĻᶼɣ
˴ԼʮңѶҵ۵һƿˣ塢ˣǰλ۾һװ⣬Ķžξ֪˵ļǲ͡
г̩ег𣿡۾˿һʵһͷԺæ˫֣˵гãǾίܺΣ֪ݹ٣ʧԶ
ܺ˵Ժ͵ͣס˻ͷҪһֵʱ򣬲ŷֶԷ˫ϾȻ˼һгϽµɳȻֱִҪѿ
ʶԺߵһ߸˵ΣӦ·ɳ֣£Ⱥֳ֣гߣ
֮ܺǰ˵µʱͷǳջ𣬵ֳԺ벻˽⵽ĻҪأѹˡ֮ǰͶɱģ֣ĳ˰Ѽλֳ⣬֪ͨ˶Ρ
׼˵ڿ̩егȻ⻹ʲôÿأһ֣ŰԷһöֱ֣ˡ


һǧٰʮ ۸С
֣ܺεĻԺּҵһس˹ȶʱûͲһƨ̱ڵˡһͶȥͰ͵һƳ˼ϣʱվ˵仰ʱָøĻԲֳû˵ķݣǿڣҲʲôá
һﵹǺʹģһȻֻֽϻǰɵˡ˵òºûʲôϵϾ֮ǰ˶⣬µΪֹˣ
Ǹǰһſ˵ǣ֣ûʲôϵҺ֮Ѿˡ
֣⻰Ժ󣬺޲ǰһͷֱ֮Ҫ
ܺһĻԺ΢΢һĿ֣΢ɨʱеˡ֮ĶԹѾ˽ɺͽˣԣȻҲһ£ʱһ²һ¡
ŶȻгˣ֣һ˵ܺ˵⻰ʱ򣬺ݺݵ֣һۡ
֮ǰܺξ˵Ӧ·ɳ֣ӿ֣ĵƣһ˶ôõĻᣬȻŹԷֻһˣֻȽһ˵
ܺ˵⻰Ժ󣬰һ˵г㿴ǲȥĻϿеҲסѽ
ܺ˵⻰ͬʱָָһǸ˵⻰Ҳʵ飬һ£һĸɲϽְȨΪܹϵͳίԿ
һ⻰Ժ̧ͷܺһۣȻ˵ǣ˵˵ˣӦøӣе⣬ʱ治ܴӦҪ󡣡
ܺ⻰Ժһ㶣ȻԷ˵֣֮Ѿ㶨ˣôͬȥأѵ滹ʲô⣿뵽Ժܺæ˵г㿴ʲô⣬ǲϵͳڻͬ־
˵ʱܺͣ˻ͷȴĿɨվһߵϻݸ߸ˡѶǽ֮ǰ֣⣬ɳľͻ⣬ȻԷƺ֣޹أӦСˣ㽫ĿͶ˹ȥ
ϻݸ߸ûɵرɨһۣƣǿɲʱΪ˵򣬵ܺûгѯʣǵҲѯʣˢˢذĿͶһﶼʱֻжԷܺǴ˵ϻȫ׸
һȻݸ߸˺ܲðҪ֣Ǹ绰üʱĻԷ˵ֱӳʰˣȻ֣ۣͨС죬ǲˡ
һܺ˵ǣᣬϵͳڵͬ־ûеĻҸղŵĻ˵Ѿ˽½ˣҪλ¹ӣ¸ô죿
һ˵ʱָָ̱ڵϵĻ±˼ϣԷһ
±֣ǰװװƣ֣Ķֻһվŵķˣοܺ٣ʱ̱Ƕһ㾫ҲûУȥ紹֮һ㣬ıƽг˽뺦֮С
ܺһ⻰Ժ󣬲ų׵طȻԷѾȷʾº͹ϵͳ޹أҲ˵ûʲô£ʲôõĵأֻҪûйϵʡ
ԺܺξͿ̱ڵϵˣʼʱΪǺһһģΪӦ·ɳ˰ѶԷôأڿô¡Ȼ˵ĻȻúúùһ¡
ܺǰһ֣˵ϵô£˵ôģô˸ӣ
֣⻰ƲѣʵһҲӣֻһʼʱƨһ㣬ǻ˱λȻΪ±ƣҪĻԲݽȥġһʮⶼǰ˵͡
еĹؽԺ֣޲ȥݳ±⣬ֻô˵棬ǾԲôȥġܺΰӣЦǣģʱֵ࣬ͻȻ绰λҲǷ³¿ҵĶӡ±绰˵
֣ľԭԭܺһתʱɲκһɾأҪǳѵĻָʲôĺأ
֣ĻԺܺδ֪ôˡ¿ҵСԾں˵ĳͻг˿Ǿʹ绰֣ȥҳӣ˺顣λڵ͵Ĳ˲ȵ˸ְϣ֣ĻӦǱݳˡ˵ϵλʲô³ǾͲö֪ˣºûʲôϵҲ̫ġ
ܺεŻ±ŭ˵˵ССͣôأ˵⣬ֶȥǣߣ˼ҵĳúͣǶȥˣ˱˵Ĳǣһ¿ҵʣǲ̸ġ
ܺ˵⻰ʱ۾һղָҪһ±򣬵ôҷԷȴû˵±Ļᣬ̽һһĵߡ
±˿̲˵ˣͷ̧ϰȻеϵ°ԣټ϶Էͷܴ£ҪǻһĻָʲôĽأ
һܺεĻԺﰵλίȷʵеˮƽԷӦǿҪҵӣҲ˵һһܺ˵鲻ȷʵӦһ̸һ̸˼˵۸Сӡ


һǧٰʮ 
ҪʱĻ±⻰Ժ˵ͱˣȴһⷽ뷨ûУϣԷӽйڵĶԷʲô޷ﵽҪҪǹĻºûʲôϵˣԷƽġ
±ĶĵУûµʱŵòУһʲôµĻɵˡʱΨһ뵽ľõƽ£ǾͿֲˡ
ܺθղô˵̽һ˼ڼԷѾѻ˵ˣȻͲôȥ죬ǳվߵ֣˵֣֣鷳ܴ绰˵Ӧ·ɳأһ¡
֣Ĵ˿һҲմ£֮ǰѾֵܵ뷨벻ԷȻǰԼ̩ег㶨ˣ⵹ȥһĲڼܺİݰֵܻ¿ҵĶа㵡ͳֻԷ˹ȥ
绰ͨԺ󣬻¿ҵڵ绰ͷЦ˵ϵܣҸղŻ˵ģ׼Ȼٸ绰ԼһԷģ벻㵹Ȱѵ绰ˣҲϬһͨ˰ɣ
֣Ĵ˿Ķ˼ͶԷЦֻһ˵ܣиʽͬ־һ£±˵飬ίǵ˼һˡ
¿ҵ⻰Ժһסˣ֣֮Ľɲһ졢ˣʱԷ˾غ˵һܺó˵£֪һǳˣǳŵ绰˵УУ֪ˣ͹СǱߣ롭
֣ûеȶԷ˵ȥֱ˵绰ͶԷĹϵãǴҶ֪飬ûҪ¶ˣΪ̩егһ߶ţɲԼʲô¡
Ҷϵ绰Ժ֣ĳܺκһ˵ͷȻ˵Ѿͻ¿ҵϵˣ͹ˡ
֣ĵذԼժˣԶڻ¿ҵֱΪֹûиΪʲô˹עΪûиԲŲҴ⣬ǧܰԼȥ
ܺȻֻίǣѾзˣۿҪˣǵĲѡƾһ㣬֣ĲСˣ˲ֱӵǣܺεվŵǾһ֡ί󺣡һֳܹģڵǶԷô˵ôȥ
ܹİص鶼Ѿ׵ˣܺεҲ԰һЩֻһûд˼Ҳû硣ϸ˶Էۣ±˵֣֮ˣʱĻӦҲòĶȥ˭뵽ʮ˾Ȼһ֮ʵְˡҪܺλе㲻µĻĹȻôгеªˡ
Ҫ˵Էؼгȷʵͦ𺳵ģΪ㣬δػԳ飬гҲãίҲգϾܺûʲôֱӹ
֮ܺƨƨߵظϵֳһ绰йϵ绰ϰ壬ί󺣴ġԷڵ绰˵ʡ̩егӦ·ͷһſһ鷳ںѾӦ·ɳȥˣԹȥˣ󺣻ⶣһ䣬й쵼עأܺذ¡
ܺϰܰ仰˵˵ȫԼ˿ġһĻȻ˿ֳ֣Ĺһ绰Ժ󣬾ֱӸϵӦ·ɳˡ
һžϣܺڰٷ֮ٿȷԷˣݳȺͶԷ伫ƣҪﵽ磬;Ȼһֺܺõķʽ
˵Ժ󣬶ԷӦôŶԣô˵һõɲȻɳ£˭ܲˡֳԺ󣬲ûзֶԷƵľٶĳǶ˵֣顣׽͸֪ĺ«ʲôҩ
ֳ˳ŵУ˭ҲûȥַΧ㵽ڣ˵һ㣬˭Ҳ֪¸˵ʲô
֣һۣͳ˸ɢһ֧漴Ϊһϻ𡣵׼عͷ׼ΪܺεʱѾŰ¸㶨ˡ
֣ԥһԺջΪԼ˻һѵ쵼⣬治̫ҳ̡һԺ֣̹ࡣ˵֮ǰɵ£˿мҵģλ쵼ǵ֮ǰȡг½⣬Ļܺεܰߣ
뵽ʱֻ֣ú亹ֱð̵ֲزҪһ£ƺԵָһ㣬ǶͣҴ֮У֣еΡ
Ȼ鵽һԶԶû꣬ܺһأҪģֱܱӱߣöˡ½ԺȥøڶԷǰ˵ûӦòʵڲеĻ˰Ӧ·λóطȥĻ˵ܻеʧԣһĽˡ
һ˿̵̬ޱȵͨܺεı֣Կóһ˴кˣԷظӡ̩ег٣ǶеľԷΪίǣֳ쵼ûҪ˵ġ
Ȼ˵ĻһҲûʲôõĵˣô죬Ѿˡ¶ԣҲһ£ӼʵֵĽδһ£˵ʧ֪е
뵽ʱһ¶һ˿ײ΢Ц漴̣ĨЦ˹ȥ


һǧٰʮ ӳ
¿ҵٶȷǳ죬Ĳ˵ºıأټ֣ڵ绰˵ñȽأɲˡƿѶҵţ¿ҵְ˼ˣίܺһˬվǶԱһ˴˿𵶵档
¿ҵɨһֻۣĶ̱ڵϣ˴һ㡣ʶԣڿɲĶӵʱǰ㲻õĻµġ
һվڲԶˣͷһ˿͹ɼһ쳣ȵĸоȻһҵܵ䡣һע⵽˿۹˼ңţܹҲ֮飬˭һڵϣһվ˹ֵͷͷԣ£ܵˣʵ֮ˡ
¿ҵǰһܺ˵ǣãǻ¿ҵ鷳ˡ
¿ҵܰҵزȻⲻҪ͹Ա򽻵˵˵ǵˮ©ûдʲô£ҲûʶΣʺãȻڴк˼鷳ˡ
˵˭鷳ʲô鷳ʲôҲû˵Щص㣬˿ΪҪǱ̬ȡǵĻֻ˵ô⣬һҪ۵̬ȡ
ܺζڻ¿ҵ̬ȻǺ⣬ͶԷգȻָָһ˵λǻʡ̩егҾûбҪʶһ¡
֮¿ҵͿһͨˣһȻ̩егȷʵм𺳡ԵʣԶܱߵǱȽ˽ģ̩ʡŵģǰλȻ̩һ֮ͲòĿ࿴ˡ
ʽУԷֻǸгĻܺڽܵʱһ˵ģڶԷȻֱ˵ге˼֪¿ҵоӵʮа˾źǰλгйϵʶʱ򣬻¿ҵײǽ˼ˡ
˵ܺεĽԺ󣬻¿ҵӦȥͶԷ֣֮ǰѾгϺȻ¸ԾС£¿ҵһһ΢΢һ˵гã
¿ҵ⼸һԽһĽɫñһĻ׾ͷԺŻ¿ҵЦЦȻ˵ܣ˵˵
ԷĻشԺ󣬻¿ҵ͵һҪ뻯²ô׵顣뵽Ժܺ˵ǣ⡭⾿ôѽҼС
¿ҵ˵ʱʱס˻ͷжѣ뽫ñ̬ԺͰѻ׳ˡ˵֣֮ĽʱܺβֳϴչԷѯʡ
ֳ֣ͻǺѰɣҾ»Ƚǡأܺο֣һ˵
֣⻰Ժ󣬼ȲóϣҲ÷ϣǶ֪ôڲźá
¿ҵһ֣һ˵֣֣鷳ˣҼСӵ׷ʲô£ǼȻѾˣ͸Űɣ
⻰һ֣ľͺÿˡ
ܺθղǻҲмּ֣ĵ˼¿ҵôһת˾س˷ˡһһԽ¿ҵһյʡ͵ĵƣ⣬֮ǰ붨ȥ죬ܲ˵顣
֣ĳܺε˵ͷһڶԷģȻŽľ򵥵¿ҵһת
֣ĵĻԺ󣬻¿ҵŭڣ͵شܵ±ԣֱ̧˹ȥڽԷ߷ڵصͬʱлŭСӣӸ߹ٴγһҪ͵㵹ãֱӰҵĻɶԷˣӽ㣬ʡǵġ
ֵļλֳƽʱ֣ĵĺ˻¿ҵĲٺôղŲÿڣڼԷʰӣǰסֽš¿ҵһֺݺݵ䣬ա
һѻ¿ҵıֿЦѣ֪Էһ߸ģȻСѡλȴŶͷ±Сӣ㰤Ҳʲô⡣Էôν࣬ˣȻҲͲʲôˡ
¿ҵʰ˶Ժתһ˫ֱȭҾ״һϿҵ˵гǲ˼Ȯ۲ʶ̩ɽðĻϴҲϷֻ̧ܸ֡
¿ҵ˼̬֮ģ£ûκּۻ۵أԲ԰̬ŵõһ㣬˵ܲȡԷļͬ飬ڽ¡
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һЦ˵Ȼܿˣһж˵
¿ҵ⻰Ժ￪ļˣæܺ΢΢һЦȻ˵ǣ⡭
ȻѾȷºԼûʲôϵˣܺε˼ֻˡ֪˿̻¿ҵǷѣֵܳĻԷһжµġȻԳݣǽҲһ취¿ҵһæ
ܺǰһһ˵гڻѾˣȷʵǻ±ĲԣʲôҪֻᣬӦ·ɳͻܱһʲôģ˵ǰɣ
¿ҵӦ·ɳ֣æصͷǴ˿Ķ˵֣ΨһĵĵľһԸ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һЦȻܺ˵ǣϻأ㿴ǲ鷳Ȱҽ⿪˵ģԺ˵


һǧٰʮ 
ܺεȻͲһô˵Ͼϣôô˳ֻۣ֮ǰҪԷժ˼ҲûһĻҲͲˡڼȻһˣȻǰͲõˣæ֣ʹһɫ
֣ĵעһֱһϣô˵ֻжԷͬժܳװڼܺεʾԺ˿ҵæõҪԿ׸¿ҵ˹ȥ
¿ҵȻһô˵⣬ԷͬȡǶڳ˵һ£Ȼûвհĵ֣ĵݹԿףһǰȥ
֣ķֹԷ㲻ǰȥ
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֣ļ״Ȼ֪һĺ«ʲôҩվԭز֪ĿŶԷ
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¿ҵϹɣһ˵гͰҪȥϣܡ
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¿ҵӵϢȥֻеӰ죬Ļ˵Ӱ쵽ҵתΪһɹҵң¿ҵзǳѵʶ֣תͷȥһ˲䣬ֻ֪ԵķˣҪӲŵĻյĽֻѻʯȥġ
±ϰʱ򣬸ղŷ˺ô󾢲վ壬̲סҪ̱ȥˡСǼ״æַסͬʱһؿŻ¿ҵ˵ҪСѽ
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˵⻰Ժһ̧ž׼ȥ


һǧپʮ ˵
һֳ˵ϣҶû¿ҵѶӸԺһһЩ˵벻Ȼ׼̧ˣһӲ֪Ǻˡ
˼ˣ¿ҵˣѶǶԷ˼λƨˣôأܲھɳɣԿף֣ĵУؼԷԸԸԸûŶأ
ʶԺ󣬻¿ҵæĺֵ֣ʹɫ
һĶ֣ĵ֮⣬Ҫʱӻ¿ҵɫ£֮ĻԺദˡ֣ڱε£ֻǰһЦ˵гѵлᵽȻԵɺϣǴһˣɻһһۣ͵Ӹⲻˣ㿴Σ
¿ҵһ⻰ԺͷʱֻҪԷԸԷһĶûκ⣬źǣ˼Ҳ׼ǮĻᡣ
һ⻰Ժת֣˵ֳ֣ǲ˼εǲμ̻ģͬһģĻһ⣬һˣллѽ
֣ԷĻ˵õˮ©һ˼˵гȻϲ㣬Ǿ͸һ죬Ϊ˷ϵǲϵʽô˵ԶҪǲһµ֮꣬е˵ȥѽǣ˵ǰɣ
֣ԼķܺҲ˽
ܺ⻰Ժ󣬾мֲ죬Ҳÿڷ񶨣һ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ŶȻǺֳ֣ʢ飬Ҿ͹ˡһ˵ʱ򣬴´ͳƬǰ˫ֵݸԶһܺΡ֣ͨģ㻹ҵƬ
֣ĵϾмֲȻ֮ɫҲ˵ʲôܺεļȷʵҪߣһôûκ⡣
һƬԺֱַܺΡ֣֣漴̧ȥ
¿ҵˣǰһ׼ڣȴ֣ĸקסˣֱһſʧԷɿ֡¿ҵ״˵ϵܣ㳶ҸʲôôˣǡСôѽ
֣㻹ûпó˼ҵ˼֣ķʵ
¿ҵûüڣȴܺε˵˵ܣСӣҿֻίһҹģݻг˵ɣһ飬һˡ
ܺ˵⻰Ժ󣬺ͻ¿ҵһ֣Ȼת֣˵֣֣ߵ鷳㴦һ£гǱҪҳĻ͸Ҵ绰Ҿһˡ
ܺ˵ίɽϾûз֣ʸֳԵҲöԷ̫ѿô˵ѾǸ֣ĵˣһܸܵõġ
֣⻰æ˵ǣ鷳ˣںˣⶼǹֵĹûã
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⻰ȥ˵赭дģڸ֣ģҲֻ¶ѣעǸг쵼
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˶Ժֵ֣ܺͻ¿ҵԼǸСһ֣칫ҡ֣æŸݲ裬ղʮԺ󣬴˿Ȼˣȴм֮УǵѪѾˣһ۾ܿó
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֣ҲˣҲˣҲˣܵ¼ҸҪ⳥ɣҲе̫ԲԼˡûˣѸ˵Ļ˵˳
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֣ԷͬͷӦղŵʮûаװһһǧֹء
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֣һھͰѻ¿ҵĻˣɲΪ¸ڶԷðκηˡղܺοѾ˵ˣ½ˡҪû±ؼˣ£ȫţŲΪһðôķأ


һǧپʮһ ֮
¿ҵ֮ǰ˵ǻĿҲм֣̽ĵ˼ԷҲ˵ˣȻҲˣæ˵ϵܣҵĻˣûаСߵ˼ֻһô죿
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¿ҵĻԺ֣ļ˳˼ѽôأԷղŵǻʲôأ
֣˼һᣬǾúͷǶԻ±˵Сѽѽ쾿ô£ϸ˵һôλгģǵѽʲô˶ǣ
ѽСӣ͸ˣ͵һ㣬ǲģ֮ǰ˵ʱ㻹ΪȻۼ˰ɣ¿ҵ˵Ҫ֣æ͵Űεɣ
±˿Ķ˵ģ鷢ľϸ˵һ飬Сһ߽˵ò̫˲䡣
˵ĻԺ֣ĺͻ¿ҵ˳˼ٷ֮ٵǻ±ĹװģȻȶ֣˺λгһŮˡ뵽㣬֣ĺͻ¿ҵͷ綷ĸо
һϳԺֻ֮УķչȫԤڣ˵Сʱʱ䣬ܰ⡣żǻ¿ҵΪԽˣֻŶԷϵˡ
Ӧ·ɳԺһ͸ŷٴһ绰֪ԷѾӵظأǱԼԭĵص档
һǵʱŷѾˣţ첽ԷĳͣλȥһǺóʱûмĶˣһ˿̻мּǵϴ뿪ʱ򣬶ֱᣬһʲôʱٹ
ԺһڳϳʳԺ¶˼Ц⣬ȴмɬ֮Сŷټ״æعͷ˵ôаְѽ
⻰Ժ󣬲ŵؽһְ֣
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Сӱһһסˣ֪λشźãգһ˫ںڵĴ۾һ
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һ̣Сĺȡ֮ĶСβһں棬һһŷٸǰ
һŷٿСһһڵζȣĲѣ˳Ժȡ
˺һᣬ˲Ŵ߳ŷһݸһȻʵˣղŵôˣҵϾʹ˵绰ҿǸСڵģ浣Կ
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ŷ⻰ԺһȤæ˵˵˵ô£ôᱻġ
һҧһڼ˵Ҳ֪֮ǰǸ绰ǴӦ·ɳģұɳԺǸ˾ˣ׼ʰҵʱͻȻе绰ˣȥӵ绰ˣ
һľԭԭ˵֣˵֣ԼʱͻȻһ䣬ͷҰְ֣ҰְǺˣǻ졣
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ЦһԺŷʵڰɳ棬ǸǸֳߣ
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ŶΪʲôأŷٺʵ


һǧپʮ ̽Դ
һŷһۣ˵֮ǰгǸ绰ãίǡֳıֵжܿóȻ˵Ļûɿ֮ǰû˸ŵġ
ŷԺ룬׹һһۣʵ׼ô˽أܲڴøʲôİɣĻСѽ
Ǻǣ̫ˣǾǿšҪ͸ǮҲյġһ˸Ц˵ιҪｹķĿĿȫڶУǴڹڵܴȻ˵ĻһŹ֮õĻ𣿡
ŷ⻰Ժ󣬲㳹һĴ㣬Ц˵ھȻ˽ƻˣˣһ߸ϵ˼ҷͷ㣬治һĹѽ
ͽ褴ƸǣһԸһԸһ˵
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ϵѽ㵹Ǹ취ˣСʹˣܲ컹ɣҪǱ֪ˣǻַ졣¿ҵһƵ˵
˵⻰ʱ¶˼ֲ֮⣬ƽʱûп֣ģڵ˹ؼʱ̣ԷȻֻų̣һԲˣеסˣϾе㲻ô̫Ѻˡ
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֣ĵ仰Ȼǳ֣˵ģ˱¶ֲܵ˼
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¿ҵеˣȫֵָ֣أҪˣǸˡղô˵ҪҲöԷ֮Чİ취벻Էֱˣæ뷽跨ȡ
ϵѽ֮Ƕĺֵˣڸѣƨˣ¿ҵ֣ʵ
֣ļԷֺˣЦЦ˵ϸ磬ô˵ϻеҲסˣòҲﲻʲôæôʱˣҲûʲôð취˵ǰɣ
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֣ļԷѾѻ˵ˣȻٶ˵ʲôˣ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵ܣҪֵȥʴƵһ£ǻȥأҪȥ˵Ļֻ³Բ죬ί˾ҪǽȥȲˡ
¿ҵ⻰Ժ󣬹Ц漴Ϊ֣ĵ˻֮һС־絽˱ˡ
һԺ֣ʲôƵģ͵ʵˣղǸгߵʱ˵Ǹʲôģ˵μʲôģǲڰʾǣ
֣ĵ⻰Ժڳ˶ͷղһ˵Ļ֣͵һԴ˵˵вμ̻ᣬȴû˵μʲô̻ѽ
ԣ˵μ̻ģμʲô̻أô˭֪ʲôѽ¿ҵйƤ˵
֣Ŀһ˵û£Ȼͷһ⣬ǲģȿʱûٿʲôӰȽϴ̻ᣬ˵ܴҵһ˿
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һṦ򣬻¿ҵ˵ϵͳһ̻ᣬѾܵˣЭǩˣҽе̻Ҫ¸²ſڹҲ̫һɣʱûʲô͵̻ᣬǺǰɣ
¿ҵڶеҵϵͳڵ黹ǱȽ˽ģһṦ͸˴𰸡
ĻԺֵ֣֪˵ʲôźáŻ¿ҵᵽʱ򻹲ҴŵģȻʱûʲô̻ᣬֻ˵ղλˣֻ̻ҵһĽڡҪĻ»Ĳ֪Ӻδˡ
֣ˣڹ˾Ҫ̻T8ҵġ±͵ؿ˵
¿ҵ⻰Ժһ漴ˣ˶һۣȻŶ֣˵С˵ҵˣʱĸ˾׼ڻĽһT8أ׼һչһ̻ᡣղĪָ
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֣ԺѾð˾ŲʮˣĻһ⽻һŽŽɵػ¿ҵ˵Ǹʲôѽ绰ṫ˾ѽֻҪû̩Ǳߵҵϵ֪Էǲǳˡ
¿ҵԺһӻˣȷʵˡԷǳĿģôǰӦúͶȡùϵֻҪ绰гһ¾ˡ
뵽Ժ󣬻¿ҵԥˣæͳֻһ벦˳ȥ


һǧپʮ 
绰ͨԺ󣬻¿ҵ򵥵ذ˼˵һ绰ͷĹԱȥһ˻ظҶϵ绰Ժ󣬻¿ҵһɵض֣˵ϵܻѽˣ̩Ǳһҽ̩ҵֹһκǼȡϵȷʾǶĿܸȤ˵һ쵼μ̻ᡣ
֣ĵ⻰Ժڳ˶һڵôһ£һǳҪĻڣͺβһܵȸȻ֢ܶҩĻֻһͨûЧ˵ʵ䷴
ԴԺһ¾ĴʩȷûκˣžҵطԷȥ
±֣ĵкԺ󣬷ѣ˵֣ôѽܲڴһȥԷɣҲ̫ˡ
¿ҵòƽϢȥ飬⻰ԺһֻŶŭ˵СӵʱųȥԷǻû˼㣬ʵţǳԺ󣬴з㡣
⡭ҡ±ʾ飬֣һˬصһֻۣùԹԵߵ£ٿˡڻе㵣ǵֳ֣ˬֱӰصѶȥĻ͸ˡ
¿ҵӲˣֵ֣һƣȻǺȥﻹеûף֣˵ȥȥǺܿ׵ģվܲ˳ƽ£Ҫλг̬ȡҪǶԷ˼ҲΪģⷬ׼ɾеϹӵƣ׷ˡ
ﲻóԵķҪԵģ˵鵽زòҲûʲôõİ취ˣֻһһˣʵڲеĻֻ쵼ˣƾǲ붯ԷǾ˵ˡ
һŷССһﶼȷѾԱˣʰһ¶뿪˿ϵ»
һ׼ǳͷģֹ֣˷֣Ǳŷǰ濪ں档֮ǰȻѾ֪ŷٰᵽ˱ˮСǸطһӡҲûУ㳵еҲδҵ
еĵ·͸Խ·ӡ߼ܺƲ˵ǵеܰ˸ҪȥĵطʮԶĵط·лǽУƳȥһͷȥ
һƵĻòðСʱԺ㶼һܵҪȥĵط˵̵ʲôľͲ˵ҲǶ˵еҪ־֮һǶ³ڶ⻰
ڸŷٵĺ棬һҪ·ֻҪŷٵĳˡڹһʮ·ڵʱ򣬻ǲˡŷ͸⾵Էĳˣѳͣһᣬһĳֵʱ·
˱ˮСԺһŷٺ濪˽ʮңŽͣ
һӳĶǷǳģߵŷٵĳǰݸ˶Էһѱ˶ӡ
ŷٽӹһĹİЦ˵ԼѾ׶԰ˣǴˣĶõŴ˱ѽ
С⻰ԺҪһĻ˼Ҫְ֤һˡ
һ״һ§ӣ۵˵ǲģְѵʱֻҪְ⣬ǼͲˣҲһСʵ۵Ĵ
⻰Ժ󣬺Ϊѵؿ裬е˼ԣҲǰְֲ
ŷٿһֲ֪ͨһ¶ĸΣҲ׼ټˡСһۣ˵ְѵùǾģ²ΪԺɲˡ
ã裬֪ˡСɵػش˵Ժ󣬱ӷһļϣǷݵ֮Զ׼
ŷټڶӵͷḧ£ûɵһʹ۾ʪʪĸоʶԼе㲻Ժæ̧ͷпȥ
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ŷٵһθоеվãͼҲضáĸĸĶȴɷͶӣѹͷʶĸо
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ݼһ⣬裬Ȼŷסͬһ¥Ǳ˴֮䲢ʶȻ඼û˵һȴ˵￴һĽ֮顣
ѽҲãҲãЩȻ׷Ŀ꣬عͷܴĵȴǷ飬֮Ĺ飬֮ĭ飬Щܱġ
˼ԺһֱӰѶӱɳϣɳһšŷһ߾ؿһᣬûпڣĵߵȥˮ׼Ϊһݲˡ
ղŴӿϵ»ԺŷٽֵĲҶ˶ƷǸվ긾Ů׼һŷ٣ľ飬ŮԹ˿һ㶼ֱ治Ҷĺûġ
˭֪׼װŷپͿˣһְɣҪļƷҾֻлһˡ
ŮϰʶеˣǹԹԵһ޲Ҷݸŷ١
ŷڳæµֻ۾ȴʼû뿪һǵĶӡСԸǱȽϿʵģŷرעһ棬ȴٿģС˵ģģԼᶨƵһ𹥻
̶̵һ˲䣬ŷٷ֣ǸҲһȷġĳΪһ;޿ɺǣҲݹ¼ţ¸ĸ磬Щûκ⣬ǶأССͣѵӦóôණŷҲ𰸣˵𰸡


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ʶһ߹ʱŷæվֱӣӲǼһ˿΢ЦŶԷʵôˣҰյˮֻǲ֪ղǸϰҵĲҶô컹ǵøȥҶģ˭֪ԺæȥӺӣͰˡ
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һʱҲǵëͷСӣôôױԷڲƭȥأͷûأŷ˵ٽ㣬һɣҪٶһ˴źƯˣǵҲԽԽˣԻصȥѽְ̩ͺǱ߲ûκϵȥκġ
һǳԷ֮֮ȫΪҲһֱΪǷԷĵط׼ٺŷٺú̸̸ղſһվڳ԰ĵƹ£еƲסˣߵԷ˵ﻰ
ŷ벻Էʱ˵һһ治֪λشԷǶԷǾǵͶˣҪǶӾڿĻһֱ˽ԷĻȥˡ
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˵⻰Ժתȥ
ŷٿŶԷıӰɵóһ浣һȥ治֪ôӦˡ
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һһ߼е㲻ˣһѱСϣȻЦ˵ʲôѽֻʣְش㣬ǲġ
һȻڶӻʳʲôﲢ̫Ѿѿ׼ӾǺӣǿ뵽ʲôͻ˵ʲôʱʳһЩóԶԣرŷһ㹻׼
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һֱĻ棬ȴ׼ôȥһĻһ˶ĳͷ׼Ȼſ˵ְ֡裬Ϊʲô׶԰СѶүү̣Һö˶үүǵģΪʲôûүүأ
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ãһֱӣ۾˴ڣдֻԼԼؿ棬һ˼ɵǰЩӣǶഺŮˡ


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һǰ˵ĿľúһŷĸԵڶһ磬һֱ˯ŵ
ԺһĶԻԣڲҪȥְֻûأĻͲȥ̲ˡ
һŷٵһСҪŷٲá״Ժһſڴְˣ
䣬һŰֵĶֻǶԺȴûд򿪣漴Ķߴ裬ţ裬ﱦţ֮мɴĸо
ŷٵİ£СƿŽˡߣ߿Цͣǰʱ˵ְְѾˣְֻ˯
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ڴһԺŷپͽһˣ緹ѾˣٲԵĻû취ˡ
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ǺǣζѽҲһȼǮһȻŷ˵
ޣ˼ļ۸ܸߣǮһѽһʵ
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һǧپʮ Լ
ŷһֱһ߾һĵ绰ֱӰѵ绰Ҷˣæʵһ㲻˵ҪͶԷ̸ô
ͨһĽŷѾ֪µԭڶԷ绰ȻһڻؾˣŷٵȻˡ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵ģʮӣͻ˴绰ġҲǡ
ŷ⻰Ժ󣬽Žɵؿ˶ԷһۣǲΪ⣬ֻΪ˸һӣû˵
һŷٵıֻ֣ЦЦûпڣֺͶӿ˵ӡŷټǲ⿴˿üʱ׼һΪȻؿ˶ԷһۣȻС˵㿴ˣʮӡ
ŷټԷı֣ص˵ͷе㲻ţʮӻصĵ绰
ŷٲţʵȴòţӻûһֻٴƵվߵһȥˣʵڲԸ⿴Էһĵģ
һֻ֮ǰһ룬Ȼ֪˭ģҲиˣĻӦǾֳ֣ġԷݹ绰ͻ¿ҵĽֺ˾ŲʮӦġ
гãֳ֣ѽݰָҪһһµ֮ɣ֪гǲڰæ֮гһʱǱʾһ⡣֣˵
ûֱӵĹϵ˵ʱ̬ҪȻ¿ҵܶࡣ
һ⻰ԺЦ˵֣֣ãлʢѽ֮ǰѾ绰ˣǡе飬ȻԴ绰ˣһ£ܲܳһ治ұ֤һеĻֶ֣£ڽɼѽ
֣⻰Ժæ˵Уг仰еˣһҪӣҹٴ
ãã֣֣Ҿɣһֻ
Ҷϵ绰ԺһʲôкҲûûʲôðŵģֻҵһдǶѡѾǺˣ϶ǲУǴӦŷĸһȥ̲ģֻܰˡ
һŶԷȻȲغϵӦѾĿˡһĻӦòҪ̫ۡҲֱ˦뿪ԭڣܵøԷһЩ׵ĻᣬĻ̸ɷѾˣջһ̸úá
ֵ˴ԼСʱң֣Ĳٴδ绰һûΪѶԷֱˬشӦֻҪŵϲС
֣ǿģڴӦֻҪһӦҪ˵ϣҹﶼûκ⡣æ߶ԷصͰŶʴƵ꣬ɺܼ򵥣ǶȽĿһȥ
֣ıҪӵģǱһһڻؾˡɲЩ˷ŷ֮ĹϵĻԷп㷴
˵˵Ժ֣ľԲһΪɹҶ˵绰
¿ҵһæ֣˵ϵѽа취ѽҸղŴ绰ȥʱ˼ûңȣڶԷǼֱʲôѽ벻϶ѽ
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ŷһ仰˵绰æʵôҪȥԷѽ˵Ҫһ³Էٶأ
⻰Ժ󣬲Ŵϲ̫ǵ˵ְ֣Ҫͱһ£ĳԷٶȿɿˣ
һؿĸһۣȻ˵ˣҴӦϣĶҲȥ裡
С⻰Ժ󣬳ŷ˵ƭˣҪˡ
һŷٶû뵽СȻ˵⻰˶һۣǺЦ漴ŷٺݺݵһһۣ¿ɶǳģ䡣
ŷ˵һȥԷȥæµȥˣʹˣ첻ñķ³ҪðɳաŶԶһڲڼҳԷǹעֻ˼˵ֻö˵ˣҲˡ
һǸжȥæ뻹ˣҪǹȥĻʮа˾ңӿӸΪʵڡ
Ǻֵðְʱʱػ䶯ƬڣŲܶԷǲǴֻ˵Լġ
ڽϢŷٱѸķһ٣ѵõ֮ңɲϣ˴šʮһʱѷȫ׼ˣһæվȥæŷȴܾˣȥϴһٹˡ
ԵģȻ㣬ȴûŨŨļͥΧȻ࣬һһһ˵Ѿ㹻ʢˣΪѵõּͥգһŷٶһֳеĸо
ŷ֪һ˯ϰߣ극Ժ󣬱ȥϢһ£һȥ̲һܾˣϱĸӣҪȥӦ֣ġ¿ҵˣݵĻȥ̲ˣԵе׽ˡ
һڳ극Ϣˣ˷ܲѡ̲ȻȥܶΣͰְһȴǵһΣСһԵø˷ܡ
̲Ƕ̲ͿиָĽǶʤء̲Ľ桢̡̻ۼĽȺɵĽ־Ķ۲˶֮֮ͣҲڴ


һǧپʮ 
һڻصҵʱѾˣ·ϣСڳ˯ˡһҪģŷٵҪ£һֱ˺š
һεûаС˵к˵ЩȷʵҪСʼΪԼѵùӰŷٶԺӵĽ
ؼϴһԺһûȥʴƵ꣬һݱֽŷٱһ£뵽Է֮ǰ˵ĻҲͷˣĻһ룬ûҪȥϹˡ
ŷٸоһȳ̩ʱӳˣҶ˼ţһһоյĸоŷٵĸоУ˾Ӧ̩ɽǰɫ䣬ֻӵݵݲ;ߵøԶ
ŷȷʵеһ뷨ôȷʵڵǱߵĵ绰ӦȥԷǲ٣ҲҪôھҪݱ̸̬е
ʱ֣Ĵ˵绰һ߶Է׼ˡ֣ĳ˵ûϵҲյȻ˵Ļ
ŷٵ˼һֱӴ򳵹ȥΪĳⲻҪȾơжִмʻ滹ǲñȽϵģھƼݣ鵽Ժǳ鷳
һ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵ģһξҲȣҲԲĸҺȡ
ŷٿԷӣҲټˣе˵˾˵ĻĳͷǶֱӴҪҾƵĴݣ鷳
һ֪ԷĻмֲţҲûٽʲôͷʾˡ
е·ȻȽϸӣеټһŷҲӦʴƵλãûʲôҵĿĵء
һĳոͦã¿ҵ˳ǰһ򿪳ţȻһ˵гãлİæ֮гʱҴֳ֣ӭ㣡
¿ҵ֮ô˵е㵣ĶԷӣֱŤͷߣĻɾͶˡ
һԷСģ̧Ŵӳ˳˵һ䣬̫ˣ
¿ҵ⻰Ժ㵭ˡ֣˵Էϵȥӭһ£ʾԶԷأʲôҲС
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¿ҵƿԺ˵һ䣬֣֣гˣ
֣⻰Ժæվ˳ְѸճһ̻ҸЦǰ˵гѽʧԶӭ
һȥЦ˵֣֣ã߶ˣ
֣æ˫ֽһ֣˵гǸҺͻˣ߶һ˵⻰е˼ѽ
֣Ĵ˿̳䵱һϵʽ˵ʲôıȽϷŵÿһֳһ֮ݡ
˿һԺ󣬱׼ˣ˵ֻˣȴǫһ֣ĺͻ¿ҵһλ򲻿ϣһԺ󣬼һټ֣һֻװΪѵӣλ
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¿ҵ⻰ԺҲ˵лгˣҳһ̯ӵ飬ڶСӵḶ́ܽý˻ú÷ʡʡʵظл㣡
¿ҵ˵ʱ򣬾м֮У·һӴǰͷһ㣬ݼܾЩרҵԱҲ֮С
˫ʹ֮ǰѾõģô˵һϢһǾϻ±ûлؼңǴʵʵشɳġ
ԷҪǲûӣϸִˡĿĺܼ򵥣˸һǺгġ
һ˵ĻԺЦ˵λҲ𣬵ΪӦöʱԵಢûʲôʼһ˳Ļһʲô۵ĻǸܲˣǺͻ൱ˡ
֣ĺͻ¿ҵһĻ󣬶ص˵ͷʾͬ
˵ĵڣԱľѾ嵽һˣ˵λϣӦ⿪ʼŶԣ֣Ϊ˷ֹԷӣ÷Աͻ¿ҵʼġܼ򵥣˶ѾˣܲڻӰɣ
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һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻʾԱһ֭
Ժ󣬷Ա˵һߣ¿ҵû˿ԥһ߽űľƣһ˾٣Ȼ˵гȮð˻Ⱦһϣ˲С˹̧֣ĳм
˵⻰Ժ󣬻¿ҵһڣֱӽƱٵߣȻͷһںȵ̫죬ˮ˳һߣֱӵ档
ȶԷ¾ƱԺһſ˵ܣǸʲôѽ㺣Ҳôѽ
¿ҵ⻰Ժᣬﰵ˵Ϊôѽ̧̧֣ǲСһĻңҲôȥѽ


һǧپʮ 
֣һԹۣһ⻰Ժȴһ뷨Է⻰ȥǶԻ¿ҵĹģʵȴ̬ȡ̸ⲻǺһƾܽ⡣
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һ⻰Ժ󣬱֪ԷѻˣҲż΢΢˵ͷһơ
֣ĺͻ¿ҵԺмֲ֮УһֳĳȡһҲģΪֵǣе㲻̫Ӧ
ƹѲ˹ζ¿ҵ֣ʹһɫ˼ܼ򵥣ɱųԺѽǽµġҪ̸׵ĻĶܳԵأ
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˵⻰ʱ̿ס֮УŶԶԷصԭǿסЦ⡣־޴ĽɫһӻеӦˣֻӲţĻԷϿܻеҲס
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һ⻰ԺеƲסˣæϵľƱڹ֭ƽϢһ顣
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Է˵˳Ͽңһǲ˼װˣҲ˵ʵ
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¿ҵ˵ͷ漴֣ĵĺЦ
ЦԺһʲôƵģ˵ˣ֣֣Ҹղô˵ܵĹɳģ˵ѽĿе㲻صѽ΢ǵԾˣĶǹҹأ


һǧ ҿ
֣ĺͻ¿ҵ⻰Ժ֪ӦԡԷ⻰һ·֣ĵĲˣ¿ҵֻǶԷһдǶѣô˵ӵǽˣһĻҲûʲôõĵˡ
ڷص飬¿ҵǲ̫ϣĿҲʧһ˵棬ͨҲˣгͶзǳܵϵ̬ҲǿӲ
Ȼһ˵ĺôжԷ𲻴ĹϵǶԣҲ۱顣
Ȼһֲ̫ѺõķʽˣյĽȷʵ˫Ӯ˫˵ٺòĽ
̸ԺһȾƣⷹԵҲûʲôˡһԺ󣬼ˣ׼뿪ˡ
¿ҵһһ˵гҸطһ£ʳ
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֣⻰Ժ󣬿˵ܣ𼱣ѾˣԺҾһĻеǣг˵ǰɣ
һ󣬵˵ͷһơ֣ĺͻ¿ҵ״Ķͷæһһƣ̬ȷǳ
һҲͲټˣ̧ǰ棬֣ĺͻ¿ҵ벽࣬ǰȥ
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һǵʱȺҲǣһߵλͷ߶䣬˵ʱ򣬻һָһ
һſ˵֮˾Ȼ˾ίܺΡԷ˿Ȼһݣһе㲻ȥк
һ֮ʣܺȴ˵ˣгѽȻˣһ׼ȥԺ绰أ
һԷ˵һɷнµģڷ׼˵л֮Ļܺȴǰ濪ˡ
гһ£Ǿίͬ־ܺα˵ָָͷλӡ
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ԷĻԺһæǰһֻ֣˵ǣã
һǰλ󺣺Ż֮ʲôϵ̫һԿ϶ܺιȥһ⡣Ȼ˵ĻŻ֮ĹϵҲܹµˡ
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֣ĺͻ¿ҵ󺣵⻰Ժﲻˡ¿ҵܺǵʱ򣬻е㲻ΪȻ֣ĵɫ뵽¿ܲǺйϵֻǴ˳ͷ
˵ܺ˭ͷͷǳˣ˭֪ί󺣵ˡԭ򣬻¿ҵûиҷһֱСźһͰղŴӦķص飬ҲзǳĹϵ
󺣵˼ԭԷҲʶһȻĳλ쵼йϵ˲ˣίǾ˲ֱˣھȻ쵼ϣ֮Сҿ֮ǰһֱ͵ӦԴ£ԲӵĻǼпܳԲ˶ߣ֪ôġ
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ѽҿѽҪȻܲڵλϸʲôɶ˵ѽ֣ид˵


һǧһ æµ
ڶ죬һͿʼæµһֱʮŻصңŷȴڵӻǰصȴš
ָоԣٺòˣ˵˸һҸģǶ˵ŵ˲ҲҸȴһ̣ȴǸŶ롣еҸֻ˲ᡣ
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һ⻰ԺЦ˵ʡ鷳ȴ鷳˱ˣ˾ͻģǺǣ
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һǸгŻĿˣȥί󺣺ŻĹϵͬһ㣬£˾һͻˡ
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⻰˵ȥмٵĳɷ֣ò˵Ҳʵ顣Ҫûкͻ±֮飬ֻ׼ȥݷһŻƾԷгݸ㶨ĿӦòʲô¡˭֪Եɺ֮£Է߻ûôãҴյĽгкá
ŷ⻰Ժֱȳۻ𣬶˵ŮҪģ⻰һ㲻٣οһ˵⻰ҲȫںԷа˳ġһĻŷٵȻ֪ˡ
һһЦȻ˵ˣ֪ģȥϴɣһľ
˵⻰ԺŤŷβȥһϴˮˡһŶԷһСϱ̬ϲɵ¶˼Ц⡣ϴˮûзźãҲûæжһ֧̣ɳϣϢһ˵
ŻеȻ࣬óӦöһЩˣ˴󺣿е֪һԺһﲻѡһһˣܹڵĸУⶼǼΪģԴҵıҲ
һ󾪲֮˱óʵжžһľơҪʱطһһѣ£ֻжԷսˡ
һߡ˱Ժһеˣǲܺˣ¸ŻʲôõӡϾһκͶԷ棬ټλ¬ãǶ˵ԷӦĳǶ˵ֵ̫
ŻһıԺЦ˵һѽɱװѽ쵼˵ľһӦöûʲô⣬ĶĶѽô׼һѽɲѽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬳ˣ룬֧ҺȣҲõô˵˵ѽĻҽ컹ߵóƵ
뵽ԺһΪƱŻ˵壬ҲƺгˣԵү׽һ㣬ɣҾлĹչˣ⣬ҿɲҪ󡣡
Ż⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵ðǰ棬ΪҪģ˲󲽿ѽ
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һһŻʱŻҲһȸˡ
ƣҪһȾƵ˺ܶ࣬Ͼ֮ǰǵȾŻұһм䲻κͣ١ҪеߣرھѲԺ˱Ϣˡ
һǺֺıǰλһȵģŲڰѾƺȶࡣ
ϴԺֿһӣ˲ȥ
磬һѾʹӹĲ̹ˣͶ̸ɶԷȫȨСһ棬飬Ҫһгֱӳ棻һ棬֮ǰ±飬¿ҵʲô̵ġ
֮ǰͻ±֮飬һûи߲̹ţֻǰʾһ£Է֮еϵ̸еʱֻֻҪǺҪ󣬶Էܾġ
̹żһ˵аգȻԴŲˡһֱһ̩еıֶǷǳǿƵģټǰ쵽˶ҪʲôûеĻǵе㲻̫ġ
뷿Ժһ͵һ°ŷٸŷٴһæ§һĲӣǰɽѹڶԷϣʲôѽˣһΪءأ
ŷٵĻ˵һ룬ͱԷסˣҲܲˣ³һơ
һŷٷŵ˴ϣȻ͵һѹȥֻöԷ޹ǣѡں˾ƣһǳ˷ܣǰϷ߳ȥϵȻֱӽˡ
תۼ䣬ͺǳ֮䣬þõسţֱ¶ߵضƲڲͣ˶ţȡš


һǧ ΢Ц
ʱ䣬һȫһͥУŷÿ찴ʱϡ°࣬æŽС
һСķ̬ȱ쳣ΪЩ鶼ģһȴֵˣȻҪһл̬
˵Ͷ̸Уò̹ŵĻ˵ǳ֮˳Էźȫǵ֮⡣
ָֻ˳Ŀ˭֪ȴһǸɹȥָǵΪ˱֤ص˳ɣܲڽķãκνֱӲ̩ء
ôź̹ŵʶΪԷܻʲô˭֪һ̸ֱ󣬶ԷҲûκ
̩ĳһɻؿŲ̹ţǿ˳׼ӦԷʹĸָЩһ㶼ûϣ˶ֲ˼ĸоϵڱĺ䵽Լͷϣ
˵У̩ƸιǱŹε뷨Źġ̩֮ǰ̩ίǺκѾ˴ˣѾʺλٸȥˡ
Դ׼ϳӵԺϵĽΨһڵľǣ֮ǰûںκµϣҪĻԷǼǲܵˡٻعͷµʱѾˣʱ˵Էϣ˼ҿԸ
κŲ֪һеμ̻뷨ƸĴϣ˰ġҲʵһ㣬Ҫ⵱гʲôĻǶӰǷǳ޴ġӵ̹ϢʱµʱԵ̫ˣƸ͵õһεĻᡣ
Ҫ˵֮ǰƸȫһ²ؼ߸߹̬μ̸лԺ̬˺ܴı仯Ȼ⵱оʲô⣬һԿ϶ƺ⣬ؽ̩Ƶģͷ߻᲻ͬ⡣
Ƿǳģ֮ǰǶڹ˾׼Y6Ŀֵ˽⡣һǳŵĿšҪôڷ˳޵ĴŮһˣ
ĿĻһ˴кˡأ֮ǰ׼Ǵܹ˾ľֻϵгһ֮ǰ͵˶Ƹе㲻ˡ
Ϊ̩ĳû˱ƸĿڳӵˡǿĵĲټдްںͦԺӻ
Ҫ˵֮ǰ뿪ĻƸһҲں뿪ģ᲻áһ̿ʼƸ˼ʼú˽һ£龿˭ںƶģֻҪģ㻹лᡣ
Ƹκ֮Ҫ̩λΪλгԭҲһ벻ͨĵطǾǺκźһһ·ˣôͻأ
̸нԺƸƺ˵г̸к˳ѽǲе̫˳ˣ᲻ʲôè壿
⻰׷ˣȷʵﶼɻƸһͷ˱׷˵Լ뷨ˡ
̹󣬹˵İɣĿԲκģ˼ҲѾ˵̻ԺǩЭ顣˵ΪʲôҾͲ˵ˣһԿ϶޹أҿûôӡ
̹⻰˵Ժֳһݰķ֮˰˰֣˵λɲǫ飬˵ʵҲϣΪҵӣʵȴģܲԼɣ
ҪΪ飬һֵ÷У̹ŵһܾûпڣЩɶ˵ģºһйأɲԼҪǱԷ֪ˣҲ
̹ŵ⻰Ժ˻Ϊǫ飬ƸȴˡһһйأĻ̹žԲἱźƲϵġ
Լ˵˭ܾԼأȥ޷ܵĺֻ̹һͨĸгһӣҲгĹ͡
ʶԺƸһѾ뿪ĴˣǾԺе㲻ˡۿķˮ˼ҵȥʵһ˸еǳʹ顣
һڽӵ̹ŵĵ绰Ժǳģ˵֮ǰѾԤϵˣûо˫̸ܹе㲻̫ӵ绰Ժ̤ʵˡ
һܾ˲̹ϯǩʽҪ⵹ʽǱ̴ŵųǲ̹ţûȥԷķͷ
̹Ȼ׶Է˼ⰵʾ⣬±ǶԷһִٳɵģԷķͷҲ޿ɺǣһȴһڻؾˡЩ飬ﶼˣûбҪдϣá
һڶһ죬ȻŷĸӣʵģߵѾٴȥҲûнˡ
糿ŷ˰ļ٣˵ҪһߡһǾûҪԷִҪôҲþܾ
һ磬˶ˣһԹԺһ͵׶԰Сһɰְ֡һȥѧУǿľͱˡ
ڽ׶԰֮ǰһ§ס˶ӣһҪĻ֮һ˿ỨģֻܵǰĿ֣ڰְֵһԺ󣬿첽׶԰ȥˡ


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ŷٸоһ˸УŶԷֱۣȻ£˵߰ɣ
һȻͷӦˣǵȵӵӰȫʧˣͣλȥ
˱ˮСԺһû¥§ŷ٣ߵ˵Ⱥӷ٣ǣ
˵⻰Ժ˱һ𣬾þõûзֿ
һĳŷٵʧ֮ʣϻϢһ΢Цγǿҵķ΢ЦᣬҸǱˣ֪
һȻԼһҪǿ浽˱ӵһ̣ﻹڵ˸СŷٴκҪ󣬶ΪˣžøⲻȥһֱΪĸʲôɾǲ֪ȥ
ҪΪŷٵ𣬴뿪һһ֪һҪһȥǻصŮˡ˵ң⻰һ㲻٣Ϊĸģһ֪ôӺδˡ
СĻԺһҵͻƿڡŷڵ룬ھϸҪİ˵үү̵Ļ⣬ҲŷһֱעģֻֻĬĬطһǰἰ
꣬ŷپܾһһ𣬾עֻվڱԶûߵ̨ǰĻˡһȻıĽ֣ԸԷһֲ罫ĸĸĸǰ࣬һ̶ҲǶǵϿˡ
һ֮ǰû뵽Ҫ̶ȣȻҲûзϣ˿ѾʶˣȻĸʧġ
˵ĸĸǱߣһ̫ĵģ˵ǴСҪͷǳϸ񣬵ľѳ۵飬Ҳ᲻ܵģ˼ΪǶӸ֮࣬Ǵһӣ˵ܿأ
뵽ʱһֻͷһ飬ȴڡ꣬ŷ֮鲢û˭ʲô֮йϵ֣֮ǰ
Ƕ˵Ļŷ֣ǰ棬ȻĹ۵㣬һҲ룬Ȿһҵ飬ҪˣѰա
ص̩ʱѾʮˣһûڳȥ˵ʵѹ֣ټϺŷҹҹ裬ۼˡصԺ󣬳һ裬ϴϢˡ
УһĵǣŷٺͶӵһ˺ĻľͺڿǿļˣæдǣֻСԵ÷ǳүү̣ȴǿ˿ڣһŷٺżһתʱֻһת˹
ΧĻȷϴ˿̻̩кɽׯļУղֻһΰˡ˵˼ҹΣλеȵϣɴ˿ɼǶôȲ
һŴӴӷ촦͸һ⣬ƺѾôˣֻʱ䣬ȻѾĵˡһ˯湻ģȷʵۡ
ڰ˯̫࣬ϣһ֪˯̫磬Ļ¸Լ绰ֱ֣СëëԼĸ˵绰к޶˽һСʱ֪ΪʱڶΣʲôԭ֮һǳѵõغͺ޶ôʱĵ绰ࡣ
ҲŷٺСһпջһӦ죬úĸŮ˵һ̯飬˭ת˵Щ鷴ÿ춼УֻҪǻüëģٸһ죬յĸûʲô⡣
ڶһ磬һȥǿİ칫ҡ֮Ĺϵνţϵ»ҪġΪгȥԺܹҪȥίǶ¶һĻе̫˵ȥˣĳ̶ֳ˵ڰ֮ìܹˡ
ǿһĵǺܸ˵ģô˵ٴӱ˵ԷһֻǷǳصġ
ڻ鷽һһ裬ȻǿĲ豭˹˳ȥ
ǿ豭һڣȻʵгʱˣ֪Ǳߵôҿ˵ŵţúѽ⼸ҵֹ̫۵ģº˼ҿ۰ɣ
ǿ⻰ȥǰһѣҪĻǿɾʹˡ⻰˵˼֮һе쿪ļҵ׾ȻҪ˼ҵķĿе˼
һ⻰Ժа֮֡ǰò̹ʱҪѺͶǩЭϢô뿴ǿ̬ȡǩЭȻǺ£ʵʩ̲Ϊؼģ̽һǴ˵ĵףĻ˭ұ֤Ͳʲôأ
ллǹģԷ߻ǺܸȤģҲһᣬһĻѹɾʹˡһƷǳ˵
ǿ⻰Ժһ㶣е㲻̫ţһȻĿ֮ǰ˽ģĿǴֱܲ´еѶȿ֪ʵ벻ͨһôõġ
ֲˬĸоǿһҲûб¶Ц˵гοΪ³˴ˣ֪ĿѶȿɲһĴǿϲɺѽ
ǿһºЦȻ˵ĻôѶȵĿȴջ̩˵һһĹֻͣԷڶôҲйϵģԲſ̽һ
һȻԷ⣬⻰Ժ󣬺˵ȥǡɺͶܻ¿ҵ˹ϵɱĽǶȿǣվط


һǧ ̫
һ⻰Ժǿе㲻ΪȻԷĻоǴˣҲ֮СڵĲϣԷѵ̯ġ
ڻҪʲôȻλλûһ˰㣬ǿҲǾԲеġ
ǿ˵̩еίǣʵһ֣˭ҪʵȨͱһ˸棬ӽ£λίһ¾Ϳɼߡ
ǿһ£ֻ֪һ£û˼Ȼ˵ĻҲͲ̽ʲôˡ
£гԶ໨㾫ôõ飬ǧ˰ˣĻĿ档ǿһ˵
Ȼһץϣǿӣ¶顣ҪУˣĻҪеεġ
˵³ɹԺеĺôǿһҲġһ֣̩ȡʲôĳɼǶѲ˸ϵĹɵôɫҲί쵼µģһ½Ȼһٴı죬ҲԲվ˵ġ
һ⻰Ժüͷ˺һſ˵ҾΪɣҪɹ벻ίָǣҪڰæ֮жһʱҰѹѽ
һǿе˼ԲöԷʲôˣһ˵
ǿ󣬺ǺһЦһ̸֧һȻ˵УֻҪ飬һȫ֧֡гѽ˿Ǻϵһѽгɼ϶й⣬ĻǺǣҾͲ˵ˡ
һȻԷô˵Ŀģһ㵹ǿԿ϶ҲһϢԷղ˵ȷʵʵ飬ֻҪ̩еʵ飬ܲˣǶ˵һپ٣һĹϵ
֮ǰ֮źԪһӣ˵֮ϵʵ鲢ûʲô̫⣬Ԫг⣬ίܵóеһΡɽҪǿҲǵ뿪̩һҪԭ
Ժǿ͵ʲôƵģᵯ̻ңȻ˵гѽ㲻ڵ죬ҽӵʡϢ˵ĿڵĿˣұΪгȥӦ̸ˡʱڶμ̻ᣬûкϵ
ǿһ͵˼Ȼ̩еһְ֣ȨΧ֮ڵ飬ôеԽȨɣԲŻһ˵ǡ
һ⻰Ժɫʱ˱Ĳ
ʵһյ칫ҵʱ򣬺㱨ˣǿ˼򵥽һ¶֮еĽ⣬ҲԷĽ͵ġ
Ҫǿʲô˵ĻȥԺ󣬾׼绰ʩΪˡһгȥʡﴦش飬Ȼг˵һҲе̫Ŀˡ
һ㱨ʱǿҲϸոյõϢʩΪǰʱȥӦˡʱֻǸߺ룬ȥʡ飬˵ʲô飬ûἰ
ǿһɫԺе㲻̫Ȼô˵¶ĲԣôҲ֮ٵġ
һ뿪̩ȥʱ򣬰ߵ齻ɺ봦е˼ɵҲó׼ΪƶԷλأ
гҪһЭгȫ湤һôڸһı˭֪⣬ƫƫ˵ʲôгҪ뿪ܹҪһʱȫ湤ûгг£ֻгָˡ
ʩΪںͺľУռһ⣬ҲҲκǿڶԷĵطˡһôһĻʩΪĻ͸ΪãˡǿͨʡĹϵӲԷλ˵һҲ᲻ʩΪչ
ʵ൱£ƾϵλ˭Ҳ˵ʲôʵ£ֻƾϵĻǾе˵ȥˡȭһλȭڵ£ȫƾе۸ܣ˭Ӯ˭䶼ȭ֮ĲܴƫƫҪһʤǾԲӦġ
£ǿŰʩΪһѣҲһʱҪԷ˵ʱҲиͷ̩ĿǰΪʵĿǿ϶Խ
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Ŷұ׼Ժһ飬벻ʡĿȻ˹ģǵȷʵǿѽһش˶Էһ䡣
һ⻰˼ܼ򵥣ҪǿʹĻʡĶ˻Ҫ֪ʡﲦǮɲʡϽǮȲǿǻˡ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬵һҲ⣬̵̻Ҹ˵ǰм˽ʡæڴ绰ʱ˳һ£벻ʡͷˣһǱߵЧʾ͸ˡ
ǿ⻰һίǺг֮ǲ˵ģһ֮˵֪֪ףЩҲûбҪҴˡڵĻûа취شһղŵ⡣
һǺһЦ˵ǻˡ
ǿ󣬶һû͡龿ô£֪֮˵˼ˣν㵽ֹ˵ľ˼
һǿЦЦر飬ﰵδ̫һ㣡


һǧ һ仰㶨
һڹ۲ǿʱǿȻҲڹ۲֮ǰǿʹˣһ֮ľѳۣأܲʩΪٰѺɹȥǲǳ
ǿĺûг̫ãһһ仰ʹ֮ǰĲµľ֡
һһ̸֧ǿȻ󿪿˵ǣ鷳ˣһ׼רȥʡ̸ģ벻㾹ǰ¸㶨ˣֻҪ˼ڷɽ̩Ķοˡ
⻰ϣһ˵ƮƮģէһȥҲûκ⣬ǿһ׽ͷеˡ֮ԺɽкȻʩΪȥʡֻΪõʡʲ̡
̩οĿһһָģĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳƾⷽ˳ġ֮ǰǳгĿǵȻûκ⣬гҪȫ湤ûбҪҲûôľȥĿ
һҲѡߵĻǵȻʩΪʲô顣ͷһ֣һӽˮŻǳ׳齻ϡ
ǿǿ׼һ㣬ʩΪȥʡ̸顣⾭ù˧ܸ㵽ǮľǴүʩΪʡǧ򲦿㵽ԺһӰĿ˸Ļǿɾе˵ȥˡĻɾе㲻ܲ˺˼ǿĶԷԲôȥ
ΪԷôˬҲֻаȥ벻һȴһ֣ҪԸ顣һǿ֮ǰŬ͸ˣʩΪʡæµҲһίɣûίʲô飬ʩΪ̵ֵҲֻȥʡһȶѡ
һߺǿɳϾþõûʵе벻ףԼô˵ġ֮ǰǾ֮󣬲ž߳һġôıǳ˰ʩΪȡһʹʶĿ⣬ҲԽһ飬˵һá
벻Ƶľ־ô׾ٵظԷˣ˵ʲôѶȵַˣ˼ֻһ仰ȫûл֮ˡ
һ˵ǻʱǿ˺һҲûҵػĻ֮ǰпֵܳǵˣ˺üԲӦһĶȴԵһҪĶһҪ˲߽ȫƵĶ
ǿһеĶڰʩΪгǺĿĸȨ档ԵһֱӰĿץˡһʹӸϻǿĹƣʹ֮ɥʧˡ
һҪĿĸгǶ߱ʩΪϾʡĶβģʩΪһĻѻʯˡƲ֮ݲ첻˵οĿһĵģʩΪֻȥʡһȣʲôأ
ǿеĹؽԺ󣬼ֱҪץĸоԼͷ룬ô֮ǰȻûз֣ⲻѡڵĽϴľȴΪ£ȻһһлĶһֳ
ǿɳϾþõûжһ֧̳ˣһ֧Ҫ̲ݵο壬ܸеһ㡣
һǿİ칫ҳԺһֱŵЦ⣬ص칫ԺϵЦȻûʧղǿϵıʵ̫ˣһΪӮ˶ͽֵֶƾеĻʱ졣
һȷʵ׼½ȥģ֮ǰȻһֱκڸ飬ʩΪǿҪΪ봴ƽ̨һ׼һκĹȻҺ룬ȥʡĿڵĲ
ֻʱһˣȻǿǰѾ̬ˣҪһ򣬶ԷΪΪڣͷ
ǿں海ĹʩΪֻ̨ǰĿܣһǾúôһҪΪίǾͿԲгˣĻֻܡ
ԺһͰ½˽绰ʩΪ绰㱨ȥʡȡ
⻰ԺһȻ̧ͷһһۣ˵ϰ壬ʩгʱȽźڿ죬ʾ㱨ҾԼǸгˡ
ڡге˼ǳԡʩΪˣȴȥίǶʾ㱨Ͳܲ˲һЩ뷨ˡ
һ󣬺ǺһЦ˵СҲѧ˵ˣԸȥǶʾ㱨ȥֻʾ㱨ģùĻֻд绰ȥˣǺǣ
һ˵⻰ʱȻһֱ΢ЦȴܸоϰķŭϰˣȻ˵ĻûҪϹˡʩΪɣʵˬίǵˣҲûбҪôԵģ˵ĸоǻľͲһˡ
ʩΪӵµ绰ʱ򣬻ڴûæźͲļλлһˡ˵ʿʡкģǲҲ̩УٸʮҵܻǿԵİɡ
ʩΪǳܲڶʱ֮õǮ˵ζʲôƴòײź嵽ǿ˽ڣ
Ҫǰһӵµĵ绰ʩΪﻹе㲻ȴȫûбҪˡѾ㶨ˣһ̫ܶð£˱ƺҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҷµĵ绰Ժ׼绰ǿ㱨һ飬뵽˳ظ߶ԷӵѾ̸ˣԷֻ͵һ㣬žһ¹Ҷ˵绰
ʩΪ֪ǿôиˮ˼ӦһѣȻ˵ĻûбҪٴ绰Էˡ뵽Ժֱ绰һ˹ȥ


һǧ ͷ
绰ͨԺʩΪһǰúҫһĳɼһֱһֻӵĸо˸Լһ̯⣬û顣ʩΪͨε飬߶ԷǺģ֮ǰ֮һֱû¶ΪûкʵĻᡣ
˭֪ոԱţûеȵ˵ģһѾ˵ˡ
ʩгĶأʺѩޱ鳤Ƕ˵ֻ֪ȥʡˣʲôȴʩгĪǳеʲôɣһڵ绰˵
ʩΪɵҲóһĻԣǰ˸ɫأǲˬҲö˵ʲôϸ˵ȷʵòԣô˵ҲǸг뿪ûɲί챸ģίҲС
гģʩΪȥһһתĩˣһ䣬ʱȽϴæûüͺгкԡ
һ⻰Ժ˵Ŷԭô£⵱Ȼ˵ʲôԺʱ򣬻ǰ˵ôҶһ֪á
һ⻰˵úǿӲȻ˵ⲻĹζȴǳԡ˵⻰Ժûн˵ͣס˻ͷڵȶԷ̬أ
ʩΪʶԺæ˵г֪ˣԺһע⵽ġ
УĻҲ˵ˣʩгˣЩϸ֦ĩֻҪϵģһġһ˵
˵ͣԺװʵˣǱôˣȥ˰ɣ
ʩΪ⻰Ժ󣬲ûһѪ罦ۻľΪ㶨£벻ԷĿУȻ̫֮⡣һǹô˵ǲ֪үǵ磬ȥһȥܵģӦòܲ˽үǵѽ
Ƶ˼㣬ʩΪһؽ칤Է˻㱨ԷôϿɵĶҪϿɵģܲ۾˵Ϲɣ
ʩΪĻԺһһȻ˵ȻѾ̸ˣԺ󣬾ֱӻɣУ
˵Ժ󣬲ʩΪκαʾžһҶ˵绰
ŶߴæʩΪˣΪܵõԷıģڿˡ
ʶʱʩΪ޷ˣµһĿУٲȻ˽жˣʵǣίǿġʩΪбҪ㱨ҪȻҲԵ̫ԩһ㡣
ʩΪ绰ֱӲͨǿĵ绰ΪʾǶԷϵûвԷ칫ϵĵ绰ֱӲ˶Էֻ
칫ҵ绰ҪתӵģʩΪΪǶԷұۣûбҪˡ
ǿʩΪĺԺ󣬲ɵüͷΪ鲻ˬأԷȥʡţ˻һġ˭֪һ׾ٻ˲㣬˳ѶԷһ⣬˷۱
ǿԸʩΪ绰룬˽ô˵ڶԷǱµһŶӣôˬҲԷӡ
绰ͨԺʩΪͰһ绰ȥȻѯĿԷ˻㱨ıǿΪٿԵõЩο˵ǲˬҲ¼Ӧϼһֲԡ
ǿﱾͲˬʩΪȻһ˵֪ѹһѹӣ˭֪һھͰ಻סˡ
Ϊ񣬲˵㣬뿪ʱΪʲôºͺ˵أͲ˼ѱˣԺСһ㣬Ҫëꡣˣ߻е飬ȹˡǿǲˬ˵
ǿֻ֮˵һԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰ǵ˵ȥ̲ס˵ʲôĻͨԿһʩΪȷʵһġµ·ѾԷ̺ˣ벻ȻôһԷǷİ
ʩΪæֻ㶣һ̬ȿ⣬ǿҲһ̬ȣǾ˿ˡԷû˵ʲôο֮Ļһ䣬ʵ޷ܡ
ʩΪŭذֻȥкǲˬ˵ǻˣ˭˭ˣͷֺã
һյ칫ӣֻˣһǲ̹ŵĺ룬æ˽
Էڵ绰˵Ѿ׼ˣһǲʱ䣬㱨һǩЭʱһЩص
һͶԷԼʱԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰һ֧Ժһ¶һ˿Ц⣬СϸڿԿ̹ĵ׼ˣͰڳ˼ʱʾ㱨ļˡ
һԣȻһֵÿĵ飬Ϊκһֱˣ˵ҳ϶ǷǳߵġʩΪѾȷվǿǱȥˣһԴҲ⡣
Ϊעľǲ̹ŵ̬ˣϣԷʲô뷨ĻɲˡڣȻҪᶨվͬɺӡΪµ飬Ǿûκһ쵼Ըȥġ
һ֮ԶԲ̹ŶһۣҪԭ򣬵һ̱֮ŵˣڶԷ̨Ժ󣬲ŸĻͥģڶ̹ŵǿ֮ǰϵı֣֤һ㡣
˴ڼY6ƽ̨һŲ̹һὫԼʵչʾġʱ򣬶Էĵ׵ʵ뷨ԵΪҪˡ
һȻԴ˵ģǿǶʱܹ֮ʤģм䣬ϣκӰ쵽֣֮ǰһҪѿֵܳһЩѿ״̬


һǧ 
죬һæŴ칫϶ѻɽļҪæ̩Ŀʡβ顣
̩棬һ̫ĵģ̹ŵûκ⣬ټϺκžϴε͵࣬鲻Ļʲô
˵ʡﲦ̩ĿȿĲһǷǳӣҪΪʩΪһšȻڵ绰棬Էúһ٣ܲȡʩܴĸ˵¶ʩΪûʲôϵΪһء
ʡֱ棬żߵģҪ֮ڣǱóǮûˢӻǲС
ʩΪ񾭹ҲˣȻվǿǱȥˣһȻɫȻ˵ĻûбҪ̫Է̬ȡ
ʡԺֻǵһǵһî㶼û˵ֱ̧뿪ˡʩΪ뷨ǣҼȻĵվˣԾͽߵúһ㣬綼˺ٵ㲻㡣ôǿһӡ
һһϣǶԷôȻ˵ĻԷ֡ʩΪǸггͲŶԷûзʱ򣬵ʱˡһ㡣
һһļǩԼԺ󣬽һߣվȥǰʱòˣĸо˼ۡ
ϰյٵģ첻ǿᣬӲ죬嶼дģʵȴǲȻ᲻Ϊ˵һ˿ĸоһϮͷϻҪȥӦ꣬Ʋ֣вɵòһи֮С
վڴߣԶŨ򵭵һƬƬɫһࡣˣֻһֱͷͷ飬ѵлΧķ羰էһŷ֣ҪٲȥߵĻܶҪˡ
վԺһת칫֧̣ʱſڴƣƵ֪ѩޱˣ֪Էģ⣬ÿŶĽ࣬ҷǳᣬҪϸĻ淢ֲˣһȴÿζ
һûüڣѾƿˣ¶ѩޱǽ绨ӡһץ̺У׼̣ͶȥһۣȻ첽߹ȥ̺Унٳ̣ûкôĵò
һѩޱһģǺһЦ漴˵УԺ棬ҾͲˣ˰ۡ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬿һЦ˵˭㲻ģֻ˵ٳ㣬㿴̻Ҹ
ѩޱ˵̻ҸһָһŤͷȥѾʮͷˡ󣬲˼˵ɲȫҳģ糿ФģղŴߣʱû
ѩޱ⻰ԺͶ˱ĵһƳ漴۵һЦгʲôʱʡˣô֪
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ȥʡ￪ˣղһ񾹰ѶԷϳơ
ŶҸղֻſļˣǺ룬ӦǹŰɣղҲ֪µ˵˵ʲôҲûע⡣һ
ѩޱʵ̿ס֮У˵Ҿǲģ޹ؽҪһҪǳʵгˣ˵𣿡
һԷ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣漴˵ô̹ҲȥĶˣôûӡˡ
ѩޱ⻰ԺЦøˣ˺һᣬſ˵˰ɣҼʱ˵гˣԺǲҪ˵ˣҲ̫һ㣬Фֳѵһ¡
һԺ󣬲֪˶ԷĵҪΪԼһһӻ治֪ôڡһ룬¶һ˿Ц첽ߵѩޱǰڶԷβһ£йŭƭ쵼˵Ҳˣ
˵ʱ߸ߵ̧˼ĴĶ
ѩޱ벻һȻ˵־Ͷֱ֣Ƕ֣ɵˢһ±ˣæ˵Ҫ˽˿Ļǿɾ͡
һŮ˸ղŻһʢ˵ļƣھò֪ôܾʹưոأ˶Էʾ֮ʣڶԷϺһ£ͬʱ˵´λѰҿģҾֱʰ
ѩޱԷˣæ㵽һߡг칫˵һ£ûʲô˽¶ûоԡһñ˿֮ӣǿɾˡ
һѩޱõһߣҲûм׷ʵղֻΪѰԷڣнһĶѩޱĹ˼ҲĹ˼ɣȶԷ⣬ղֻһʱ𣬲öԷĵġ
ɳԺһʵ㲻רŹලҳ̵İɣ£
µģûˡѩޱһһۣ˵
⻰Ժһ֪һ˽£ҪǹµĻԷô˵ġȻ˽µĻҲͲˣ⻵ص˶Էһۣѹ˵ǲǸղŴˣûгԣ
ѩޱ⻰Ժپһңһк͸ղƵĶæ˵𣬱Ҵˣ쵼㱨
һԷӣЦ˵ǲǱ߰źˣ
Ȼ˽£һѾܹµˡǰʱ䣬ѩޱ˵ٽɽصĵطһˣʱӦʰˣԷʮа˾˵Ӧþ顣
һĻԺѩޱϸˣ̧ͷĿ˶ԷһۣȻص˵ͷ֣£ֻδᣬԷôܲµأ
ǽϾܹȥˣһǰһ̽һЦʵ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬺޲ҸطȥˣԷһڴģ˵ͷ


һǧ Ϊɵѽ
ϣһӴҴ¶һѩޱĳһֵķ֪ǴĶģһȷԲĳѩޱҲ˷ʶô˵˵Ĺעرǵ˳ϲۡ
һĶųͱɣɣ̩жǱ˹עĶһЩȽ˽˵ʱ򣬾Բᶯõġ
һϳԺѩޱæ˳ӣһţ˻
ǰʻһԺѩޱóһĹĵķһһӣȻ˵ϵ»֪ûгԱˣղȥΪġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦͷ򿪷ӣڶǰ뿪ģӻûôЩͣһƽʱʱްڶӶ£Ǻζġ
һܿһֻֻˣֽӳ⣬һһѩޱ˵ЩǲǵһԺ᲻ѽ
ʲôѩޱڷʵ
һûһ˵ʲô˼⻰ʳԺŻŶԷһڣȻ˵Ķа쵼ģ
һ⻰Ժ˵쵼ôˣʥ˶˵ʳɫҲ
ѩޱ⻰˶Էһۣ㲻ˡʱ޷ͶԷ˵£õİ취ǲ
һѩޱ뷨Ȼ˼ҶѾⲻˣҲֻвˣٻɫ·ƹ濪
Ժһע⵽ѩޱȻ·ˣǵöԷʱ򴩵һСеְҵŮԵĸоȴһɫ˿ȹȹ¶̻ɫ˿࣬ȥԸС
ԵʣѩޱһˣһܿVĹ֣ò˵ȷʵģӴһһĻʱ򣬲ɵúṾһݺݵһڿˮ
Ҫѩޱڿһһֹȥһ̽ˣǰɽ̫ˣΪ˷ֹ⣬ǿסˡ
ѩޱ۾⿴˶Էı֣һϲĸŮ˲ϲ˵أԣжϵġѩޱбһһۣ˵ʲôأɫǣ
˵⻰ԺŲŲӣֱĺظһͦࡣڵƹ£ڲһ͵״۵סĳЩλ˷ӦĴ̼£̵úࡣ
ѩޱ˶ԷһۣһЦǰ漴һһŭ˵ҪٸңҾͲǲڿˣֱӰ͵ˡ
ѩޱ⻰Ժһ㶣漴۾Էĳλһ㲻֮ǰĶˡóԷ˿̺ܼղŵǻԲвɲǻ˶ԷյùĻ
һѩޱ춯ˣźǺһЦĿͶ˳⡣ڱҵתעĻĳЩλôӲģ˭Եأ
һע⵽ѩޱ̩̳ҹǰһԺ󣬼ҹգ˽·Ȼһֱǰѩޱѳٿʮңǰš
ǧԺ󣬸жעس̣Ԫⷽ˲ٵĹ̩е̻Ǻܲġý·˵ߵ·ƹǿ·յ÷ǳ·ߣƹⶼԵеࡣ
ĶѽһʵǰߵĻҪɽˡ
ѩޱһ˵ҵķӿɽأһΪԷһ˵˿̲ŷ֣Է˼ˡ
һʻԺѩޱ˵ˣǰǸڹսȥȻж׵ӡ
һһȻ˵һΪڹ·أĻɲС
ģΪɵѽҪĻһطġѩޱ˵
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵Ҫ˵ɵĻһţΪԵ
ֺˣʲôܺɵϹ׼˵ҿҳʲôѩޱٵ˵
һǺһЦ˵⻹ףǶǵ͵ı־
Ķ
Ƕһ˵ָԷز
ѽҪˣ˵ʲôأѩޱŭ㵹˵˵ôܿɵˣɱңɵӶ
ѩޱҲǻȥˣƫҪһһͣʡöԷſںߡ
ֻҪشһ⣬ұ֤һĽ͡һһ˵
Уʣѩޱ˵
󲻴󣿡һ˵ŶԷǰɽʵ
ѩޱ벻ԷȻʳ⻰ŭ˵˵Ǹйϵ
Ŷٷ֮йϵһһ˵
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬾ͲԷˣݵ˶Էһۣ׼ȥˣŭôˣĽʺѽ
һԷ⻰ԺЦм˵˵ʲôأֲŮˣĽʺһ˵
ѩޱ⻰ԺҲʶղǻ˵е㲻ǱһģҲ˵˴ʧˮ׼ĻʱҲ˲ˣ˰˶ȣȻ˵˵Щûõģ㵹ǸңղʵǸ֮ǰǻʲôϵҪ˵ĻС
ѩޱʵе㲻֪ôͶԷ˵ˣСӳһ㣬СɵĻﶼˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵治֪Ǽٲ֪Цˣ
һ˵ʱʵ̿סЦ
ѩޱ״ĪŶԷ˷ȭдµ㵽˵˵ٲ˵Ļҿɲˡ


һǧ 
һԷıԺæ״òײסЦѩޱʵɵǲǾûͷӣ
ѩޱʶؾһڿӣϸ˼һŻشǣ
ȻͬǾˡһ˵оϻ㲻û˵ɣشԣ
˵Ժⲹһ䣬ղſ׿ڳشģûԩɣ
ѩޱ벻Է˰죬Ȼ˵һ仰ʵ˼㣬ŭһͷشأԣӣӣӣ
һŶԷץӣһ߲ڣֻǹЦѩޱԽݣЦԽף·϶Էһ㡣
ӽ·Ժ󣬾ͽһˮ·Ȼխһ㣬ȴ㹻һߵˡһע⵽Ӧ̩˫ؽ磬ǰĻɽˡ
һע⵽ѩޱģ״æο䣬ȹء
ѩޱ󣬵˵ξˣ´ĻͲˣ
һ⻰ԺʾԺһˣѩޱǿԭ˶Է
ˣѩޱһ˵
⻰Ժһע⵽ǰԶһС¥ڿò̫оϻͦģǣǰû˼ңڵŶġ
֮ǰһе˼ɣũ峤ģũ˵ϰ˽ⲻˡھ֮ϵǳܣʲô飬ҪȻôԶײڵ˵
ѩޱ͵һסҪھʲôģôڽأĺ֮ǡŶģĶھأĿһ£һׯҲ֮⣬һȫûʲôõĵġ
һѩޱһۣʵĶҵôõĵط
һլȫǰӹˣҰտӡȻӦһζϴ˵ԺҾ;ǲѩޱ͵
ͣԺѩޱ˵ѵĹԭ֧飬ʲôģȻͱˡң׼ˣĴģʵûʲôҪŸĳġ
ѩޱ˵ͬʱذѳſͣһע⵽ԺŵԱ߻һţѩޱͣλãӦһ⡣ӵõܵȻǵˡ
ǧڣ˽ҳûռũȻطܳԣ뵽˼ʵ֮٣뵽˼ܾټһӹ˵Ӧúܲӵʱ򣬽Ҳ֮ˡ
һ׼ȥţѩޱȴ˵ãң
˵⻰ԺʹӰóңųһһע⵽ǳŻˡ⻧˼ҵĳžȻңصģ⵹ʵǳ֮⡣
Ż򿪵ʱ򣬳ĵҲӦصġԶŴ򿪵ʱᷢƱ֮ˡ
ʶʱһо⻧˼ӦòǮǺǺƷζģסķӦòʲôġ
ѩޱѳԺһע⵽һţ˵һͨġֻҪ복ǽ棬ʡȥͷ¶ĻᣬһƼֱ̫вˡĳֽǶ˵ֱΪѩޱƵһ㡣
˴ӳԺһѩޱĺ߽˿ҪۼһԲ⾹ũӣľƵĵذ壬ȥ󷽣ڵɫƤɳĶһ̨ʵ硣ת͵¥ݣֵķ֣ʹʯĵ棬һпȥҲֵ֪ơ
ǰһĻһ˵ѩޱѼǸʲôģֱǺѽ
ǺǣѩޱЦ˵Ǽ֮ǰǿ˾ģˣȥ˼ӹһѵûһˣҲסӦ죬ġ
һǰʱ򣬻е㵣ģ¶Էʲôʱײ֮飬ѩޱһ˵ŷ
ڵװȻǳһһԺע㲻ˡôԶ·ȻΪ˿ӵģѩޱĶ˵סĶѽܲ˯ɣ
ѩޱԺ΢΢һ죬˵¥Ǹ䣬ҶѾʰˣҪȥһˮ
һ⻰Ժ󣬵ˣ˵һȥι۷ѽˮһߣȥɣ
һ˵⻰ʱ򣬾Ͱѩޱһ§˻ֻ׼ȷ˶Էǰɽ壬ص
ڹ֮ǰһӣ˵ûȶپƣô̩ʱ򣬻ôȾƣԴӺǿһսԺǾԶȻһ㲻Ҳ˵ȥ
˺˾⣬ղڳϺѩޱһΣĳЩλͲ֣˿Ůǰ޵ڳȻ಻סˣĶѩޱȥ˭տˣǻˡ
ѩޱ벻һȻＱ֮ĵڶΣе㲻˼ڱԷһŪüǰɽС͹Եı仯ȲŲţ˵ĸо
˻§¥ȥ¥ϵʱһˣһ¥ݵʱѩޱһҪһŵĻпˤ
һԷ·߲ˣҲ˷ʱˣ͵һѶԷͷ˳ѹ˶Էķ֮ϣһŮ˵ĦĶԺѩޱȽزһ´ʲô
ſڵʱѩޱšţһĵƹ⣬ֱڷмĴȥ


һǧһʮ ״
ҹ˵ҸģԺǵ¾ˣҲǵһΣǷټ˺þûһˣСʤ»飬Ҳ֮С
Ժ˶㡢ƣߣ§ų˯˹ȥ
ڽϢһѩޱˡԺ֮Ʒѩޱȥġһѩޱȵ׼Ƿǳֵģﲻߵӣ綼Уһʺо֮
ԺĻص˳˶ĿֲӰڶĹҲһˡ
һһ絽˰칫Ժһͽӵ˸߳ɽܵĵ绰˵ٿίᣬҪ쵼ӵĴ
һ绰Ժһʾ֪ˣȻֱӹҶ˵绰
߳ɽܱ˵ʲôһ˱֣ûٿˡȻ֪һ˼ѾȷʾվˣȻϣܹʤֻԷı֣ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һҲó߳ɽܻе˼ûиԷ˵Ļᡣڵǿ֮൱˭ҲûаճԶ˭
£ľԵΪҪˡܴ˿ûʲôףҪ߳ɽܵһǿҵźţǾܰ°ƽһ˲ŻʮظɣĻֳûʲôĵӣñ˻ôͦأ
˴ԼСʱԺ֯˵绰Ȼ˵һȥ޹ؽҪĻĿģһǷǳġ
ȶԷ˵Ժһ룬˵ಿгͬˣҾӦŵùɣ
һ⻰Ժ󣬼˵гҲǵĺгֻλܵͦѽȥʡ²˵ĩҲûţе㵣ĺг
Ȼ˵Ժ󣬼ûټ˵ȥе˼ȴǷǳԵġһԺ˵ģಿֻҪһŬžôѣҲѲסҡ˵ͬ־Ǳߣ֮ǰһһݷùˣֻȽϵ͵ѡ
⻰Ժ󣬼ˣ֮ǰ͸߳ɽܶһֱڵģһ̫ˣʱˣҪʲôĻǿɾˡ⻰Ժǳ׷ˡ
г֮ĳ̶ֳ˵ǿһһֱӽ棬˭ʤ˭ͬСɣߵ˶ҵӼ͸߳ɽܵı־Ϳɼһˡ
һҶϵ绰Ժһжô˵ڼ͸߳ɽܶġǰ绰Ϊ£ʵʵعġ
ȫ⣬ڶȷվԼˣ£Ȼϣߵʵܹǿһ㣬ѹסǿ˾͸ˣĻҲܴлȡ档
ûһĳޣеֻ棬վҲãҲգĳ̶ֳ˵Ϊ˻ȡͼ󻯡
ü͸߳ɽ˵Ǻǿ֮䲢ûκζԹ֮վһΪǾøڶԷ棬ܹø档ڳгϵܷ׳ĸ⣬ɲǲˡ
ĿǰίһʮˣһƱǿֻƱǴҶܿóģʣµˡίѦڣίǿίǳԶ̬ȾԵ÷ǳҪˡ
֮ǰǿٿǸЦͷʱһһѦ˹滮ֵһĻԷȻڷΪ
˵֮ǰǿǲǺѦڴʲôЭ飬һһҲùģô˵ѦڶṫվġӲšϷݣǹٳĴɣĵû˿ǾͰˣڴ֪£û˸ôĿŵȥġ
һķѦڱ̬ʱȨԣٺòѡˡ
˵ǿͳԶһֱǼᶨƵǽɣĿǰǿ֮Ҳǰ԰Ӧòλ¶վԷǱȥ
֮ǰһⶣȥݷλʱ̬һҪΪ˷ֹ⡣
ȥԺһ˻㱨˵̬ȶǿڼһٷ
ڹϵ˽£һû׷ʡȥݷõĻȻ֣Ĺоϻ˭㡣飬һȻٶˡȻֻҪʳһ˵ģ飬֪һΪ
ڵǿҪʩΪλѦȨ£õǿͳԶ˵֧֡һƲʱ㣬治һ׵顣
һԺһļˡĿǰֻˣͿˣʱټææش绰ϵĻǷ׸һû׵ĸоװ㡣
Ҳһڽӵ߳ɽܵĵ绰ʱûж˵ʲôԭ򣬲ôʱҪҪһгļƣøеףò㡣
ٽ°ʱһ׼ʰ뿪绰ͻȻһǴŵĵ绰Էʡｫڽ÷ļƻ̩һ˵ڽ̩һˣʱ̸
һ󣬵Ȼʾӭԣһŵȴ֮֮⡣֮ǰɽΪǿƵģ˭֪Ԫ֮·һίǵλãһ·һ
һѾ飬ĿĶοY6ĿصĽ裬ټ÷Ե㹤̣һεǸܸܵˡ


һǧһʮһ 
һڰ칫ҷѾĻǿҲ룬ίѾˣʵûˡҲ˵Ѧؾͻߵİ칫ʼʱʲô˵ֻ߿ˣȻѾ˾ѯˣһιֱȷʲôʱٿһ³ίᣬһ⡣
ǿûӦ׼ʵûа취ˣĿǰҪжƽˣȻǶʱܹ֮ģһŲòͬٿγίᡣ
ǿмֺڰʩΪ񣬲ܴʵǴʩΪòƶλá̩Ժĵһ࣬ΣֱӰź
˵׼̣֮Ŀǰ˵жİգʱҪȻҲǲܵˡڵڼϣòֻ˵ԸһõĽɡ
۳гѡ⣬ǿһ飬Ὣһˣ㶪ϣҲҪһܣ泡ϣŲԷ
ʮ֣һ׼ʱ˳ίгγɵϰߣÿζǰҵ
˵ʱǲһ㣬ǲ⣬Ͼһλί̬ûʣγҲ£ԷĻᡣһ㣬һ棬˿ȥ̫ģһ棬Ҳû֮ǰʱ䣬ʹҼ򵥵ؽһ
ε飬ûһҪô뷨ϴζֳ飬˵̩ίǺκǷһġͶԷͨһ£ԷӦûӣһĿǰӦû㲻ؼʱöԷ
һԺ󣬳ߵ⣬ίǿͺκ˵̬ȶǲģǺκųվӭ⣬ߵһ䡣һĻڳ˺ǲ⣬һӲ֪ʲô״
κŻǷǳģһӲѸٻصԼλϣǿô쵽ܲԸһϴˣҪϡ浱Ȼʲô鶼ϣ̬ȻҪеġ
һκŵһ㶼⣬Է̬Ѿ⣬ҲǿĻκžˡ
ǿ뵽᳡Ժϵı죬ܲҲʱ¶˵黹û㵽޷صĵز浽һⲻˬĸоϣҲûκá
ԺǿһѦڵ˵ͷȻ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ĸоһо֮УʵΣﶼһ˳ӡ
һǿⷬɣﻹмģ˵װǻƣװˮƽҲ˭ܰ쵽ġ
ԺǿѦںʹѧϰļ󿪿˵ͬ־ǣļľ񴫴͵ص顣
˵ԺͻȻͣ˻ͷ͵ʲôƵģ˵ˣȻ̸飬ͨϢгҪ˵ɣɶѽ
һǿʲô⣬֪ŶԷ΢΢һЦȻ˵Ȼ೤ѾˣǾ鷳һ°ɣ
һ֪˿̾ӹͷǿҲҪ뷽跨˵˵Ǿ仰ģȻ˵ĻöԷ˵ʹ죬ԵĴȡԺ˵˸ղⷬ
ǿеϢǺأȻָǴY6غĿο顣ڶԷʱҪó˵ĿģһǳΪ˰ʩΪأ
ԷԽˣһԵԽӵҪǶԷ֮ǰƵĻǵ⣬ỹƣֻ˵ǿûסûˣһ˵ǵȻһˡ
һע⵽Ѧڵһֱ΢ЦЦԲαװģȫǷĵġһĻǿæٿίԭͲѽˣʮа˾ѦǵȲˣһٴߴٶԷǿԣڲòġ
еĹؽԺһɳһЩעеǿϡ
ǿһղŵĻԺﻹǺܸ˵ģǶԷûп͸⣬ǸͲںСΪʲô¶ԣ޺ġ
ǿһ΢΢һЦȻ˵УȻгҴͣҲͲˡҪߴҵĵһϢǣгŲ̸гһȥʣȻѴܹ˾µY6Ŀȡ˹ĿǰѾǩʽЭ飬ĿþҪʽеˡһϢɣ
ǿ˵ͷһ֮ķ磬Ŀܹ仧̩Ļܶ˭ԣһѵϲѶ
ǶѾˣ˵Ȼܾôˣο⻹ǸгһǽˣҲʱѡһӵˡ˵ǿ˿̵ļ龿жʵĳɷ֣ûȥġ
һ˵ıֶ˹⣬ǿôΪ˵ǻƵ˼˿ȴܽ뷨ϡ
ǿ˵ƽϢԺ󣬽˵ǱǽݱƵѽгӰ£гʩΪȥʡȡĿڿʽѾ˲ֵϣҲһϲɺص飬ʹеľ÷չ绢ѽ
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һ£ίǴͷԺʮֻӦ治֪Ķš


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ǿĻԺһЦʱ䣬Ǳȷʵȡһɼⶼ԰೤Ϊ׵λͬ־İָ²ʵֵģΪ̩õδһơ
һ˵⻰Ժ󣬳ǿ˵ͷȻһ˼Ȼ漴ˡ
ι˵Ϊͬһ飬ȴͬ˷ģյĽǣһεҪ߹ǰһΣζʲôòʡˡ
ǿϺ֮ǰȣϸ΢ı仯һע⵽ˡ˵Է̬Ѿ˱仯ԣһϢ
˵ٳϵϲŭɫҲ÷ʲô飬Щ׼飬ǿܹ㣬һЩͻ¼ģ˵֮١
ٴĹ٣ڹٳپãʼնһˡ˺Ͷи飬ϲŭ֣Щͨϵı仯ֳġҪʹ仯һҲ¶ȷʵһ򵥵飬󲿷ġ
̶̵һ˲䣬ǿҲʶԼʧ̬æŲŲӣǰĲ豭ҿǣᴵ¸ĲҶȻһڡ
ոڰ칫Һһ裬һҲɣôĿֻΪ˵һ沿ı飬˿һʲô
Ѳ豭棬ǿ˵УϢ˵Ǿ顣
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣֮ǰ߳ɽܾ͸һ飬ǹ쵼ӵ飬ôԷȴ˵ˡ
ʶԺŸ߳ɽͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
߳ɽҲǿ˼һԺҡҡͷʾҲô¡
һǾù졣ܸ߳ɽվˣΪί鳤ίȨ֪ģΪίתǿû˵Ļеֵζˡ
ܷԣһû׷ǺĵؼۿǿıݡܶԷ«ʲôҩнҿ«ǵʱûбҪ̫⡣
ǿ˵꿪Ժ󣬼˵ǱгĴ£˵ȡ˲ĳɼλͬ־ϵѹܴгͬ־һ˸˵Ļᣬ棬øɲҲôõģϼ쵼Ҫ֪ĻǶҪġ
ǿ˵Ժ˶˼ˣҪ۳гѡˡȻ˭û˵ڹﶼǳעǶְλ뷨λˣλҲŶһǵĻɾˡ
ίίʵʵڵ쵼˭ûˣܰԼȡõλãҲԵܸڼȻĻᣬ˭᲻ϵġ
֮ǰҺһоһ£ڸгλʺγΪгһλǺ룬һλʩΪҿһλͬ־ı֣˭ʺλáǿ˵
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ǿ⻰˵ô˽мΪԼ˼⣬ĺһжǴ̩еķչȶģʵȴȻղǻǿúʩΪȣߵҪǰϡֻҪ͸㣬֪ղô˵ˡ
ǿ˵⻰Ժɨһۣ˶ͷ˼״ǱȽġһʱ򣬶Էŵ˵ͷȴ͵ؿ˵೤ڳгλã仰˵֪
ô˵ĿĵǿǴ˵һǧһϣ˵ô񶨵һҪûӡ
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һ⻰Ժ󣬳΢΢һЦȻ˵ǣλͬ־˵䵹ΪΪѡʲôģҪԳгְλ̸һ̸˵Ŀ
˵Ժͣ٣˵Ҷ֪ڵְ֮ǰǳгλȷʵ򵥣г⣬˻һЩ뷨дԵؿչҵĸоҪóгҪнǿĹ⣬¾ҲǲɺӵһҪ档
˵Ժǿ˵ͷʾĻ˵ˡ
ίǺгͬһȺԣ俴ȥ̸Ķţ༰ֻҪѭǵ˼·ȥһ룬Ͳѷ֣ίǿгǿȻ˶û˵е˼ȴǷǳԵġ
ǿ⻰ԺϵıȻóһе˼˵֮ǰԤϵ˶ԷԣһЩʱǸо˷ǳĲˬΪһ֣˭ҲϣԼȨܵ˵սǺƽֻǷֹвͬгҲС
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һǧһʮ ֱϣ
ǿڳ˵֮⣬չӦðѺʩΪһܣȻֱ
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ӲҪͶƱĻǿɾ鷳ˣվ91¼ȥϾд˭֧˭һĻʧһȡ衣
ǿôͷԵԭҪڣһίǲòֱӾֱֻһ֣Ǿаٷ֮ٵİ顣ڵǿİ𣿴Ҳɵöﻭһʺš
һ˿Ҳе㿴͸ǿ⣬֮ǰĹ۲죬ԷӦþûôİգƫƫôȥˣ治֪ʲô⡣ǿôѾҪˣҪǣһԺľֱʲô
ǿûоԵİգһͬҲûУ˴˿̶װгӣֱֱضǰıʼǱ·˻һ㡣
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⻰Ժ󣬶˵ͷҲʲô뷨Ҳʱ¶ģĻǺɵ졣
ǿ˵ıԺЦ˵УǾֱͬʩΪγгͬ־֡
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ʶԺǿﲻˣĿʣµ˵ɨѦоıʼǱίǿǰĲ豭˾֪оͼǷص칤գ֮һ쳣ģ
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Զǿģǿ˵ͷȻһֱŵֱˣˣָ߸ߵؾ
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һǱƱҲƱҪĻΪһ֣ʱоȨġ
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ǿһɣ΢΢˵ͷȻ˵УƱ֧֣Ұַ°ɣǽһڡ
˵⻰ͬʱǿųԶ˵ͷ˼Էˡ


һǧһʮ ֱ£
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ǿȻһǽɣԷĴȴԶԶĸҪڼίϵͳԡίϵͳһԽΪĲţҪʡίмί£ط϶Ӱ޵úܡ
һһα任ǿзԼίǺгҪӡ
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Ȼһ߲УʣµΨһѡǿˡԶҲǹѦڣջǱˣʼվöԷΣȻҪվӣǵȻҪѡʵΪǿģίһ֣ټǿʡзǳǿӲĺ̨˳ԶĲѡ
ȻʹˣԶûмű̬Խ׵õĶԽǲ֪ϧ뷨Ϊؼʱվ̬ԳҪ
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ǿһȫʱûо֣ĿⶼûкͶԷһֻע˵ıֻ֡˾֣Զ֪ĻˣǵȵǿڶνĿͶʱǳŶԷʾ⣬Ȼϵؾ֡
ǿϵı仯Զ֪ⲽߵ÷ǳƯ׻˵õĿʼǳɹһ룬Ž;֮·һҪǰࡣ
ǿ˵ǰԺ󣬲û˵ģǶ豭һڲˮ·иɵòһ㡣źȲĵڣĴһԷϵıǳ򶨣ﰵѵ
뵽Ժǿе㲻ˣ벻˵仰鷢չˣͷȻǲܵˣֻмϣһӲţȻ򶨣ʵȷʵһҲûУͺղһ
ǿ豭Ժ󣬿һۣȻ˵ͬͬ־γгͬ־֡
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ǿ־ԺһĿбӣҲڶԷ֣Ǽࡢ߳ɽܣҲֻ֡
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һǰ칫ȷ̬ģ֮ǰͺǿ˺Э顣˵ûͶʩΪһƱҲûֺ֧룬Ƕ˵ǿҲҪģĿǰ¡
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仰ʳȥԺǿΪ֮˰£ľ͸һԺ˸Եת
Ѧ⻰Ժ󣬲ܼͷˣ̧ͷ۾ֱǰǽڣе˵ҺΪ񡢺ʶˣ˵˵֮䣬ҾͲ̬ˣαѡȨ
˵⻰ԺѦѸٵͷĻоѾ̬ˡ
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˵ʱǿɾؾ֣ϵıƽ쳣
ǿֳڳ˵֮⡣һǽɣټ֮ǰ˵ĻҲѦɣҶΪѡȨǽơ벻˵ʱĻͻȻһ䣬תȷʾֺ֧룬ʵִ۾֮С
ǿŵĸоųһOΣһֻʵ벻ͨǿô֧һģǼ˹ˣϴͶԷͨʱ̬Ȼͦ
뵽ʱǿִʱЩʵûκˡüͷ壬ǲˬ˵УгѡǺͬ־ˣǾݴϱһ̡


һǧһʮ һ
һ̲油г⣬Ŀǰ̩Ҫ쵼Ϊһ帱лһȥʡְһԺ󣬾ʣгˡȻ޷зչһг˵֮ˡ
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ǿʾ˰ַԺ˵棬ҿһѽ
⻰˵˵²ۣΪίǣһ֣ѡֻĸ֧֣ѦѡȴȫƱͨĽ೤Կ
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˵⻰ԺǿҲо֮䲻̫ǡ任һֿ˵ղӵ䱸⣬һ顣¶жԣڽһʱ֮ڣܶŷͬѰ壬Խڳίóúһ
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鲻ܳίۣҪʵĻߵ顣ڼλгֻʩΪˣȻǿ£ջǻʩƳ
ʩΪոڳгľʧ˶һͬߵ£ܰ˭ƳԺҪɹĻÿͻȡʤ


һǧһʮ ϵ
һ²֮ǰĳгǿӦòֱӰʩΪƳǻĨǵذʾһúᣬмֻʤĿܵġ
ѦǿĻԺ󣬾һͶԷ֮ϵĺûᡣղ˵ͶȨƱȥյĽǵڼӰһ
ʹ£ǿҲûº֣ϣ֮ǰԼûʲôʾĻǿɾе˵ȥˡ
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Ѧ⻰ˮƽܸߣǿ÷쵼С鳤ҰѶԷݺݵشһƨĵǡô˼ˣֲźۼҪϣûжпǲеġ
Ѧ֮ȥҪΪ˻Է֮ǰһ飬νѽ
ǿ⻰ԺǳģܶԷ˵ĲҪĴ𰸣Ҳ㿿һˣټϸ֮ߵۣ벻˶ѡ
ѦڵĻ䣬ǿһ˵ǣĺ죬鳤ȴûʱ;Ҳ˵飬Ϊίǵ鳤Ļǿе쵼е˼ˡϼ쵼Ҫ׷ҿɳеΡ
ǿĻ˵Դǣȴô롣쵼Сȥˣһ鳤ҲĶЩ쵼С鸺ǿ
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ίﶼձţǿ˵ѶȲҪľǰʩΪһʱźÿڡĿο涯Խ˭֪ȴһȥˣֻ涯Խˡ
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ǿĻԺ󣬴ҵ֪οˣ˼ƺ鳤Ӳ׵Ļ˵յʵ䷴ЧԴҶʱڣ˵
һʱ򣬾׶ԷˣԣӦһûᣬֱӣ۶ԷġϷ
ǿǰһĻﻹǷǳģʱе㵣̫飬Ļ̫ÿڡڿĵȫǶģƺѾ⣬ڲ£ʱڡ
ɨһԺǿ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ󿪿˵廹Ҫȥģҿ鳤гΰɣг㿴ô
ǿ⻰ʳȥԺһûش𡣻ʱ˵Ŀⶼеһϡ
ǿﰵһã鼫пܳŶķչղ˵⻰ĿҪǺͶԷһǱʶԷһղһƴǵһĻͿԼĲˡ
һûгƴǣǿе㲻ˣԷҪһڴӦһνϹӵư׷ˡ
ʶԺǿæҲѦʹɫ˼öԷʱվ˵һ䣬ʹһ̬ҲԷƴǵĻ˵
ǿҪĽһ񶨸ղǸ۵ͷѦȻΪǡѡΪֵĵλΪ֮ǰǿоƵǣʱѦֿʼͷоͷıʼǱˣȥ͸ղһרġ
ѦڵȻǿͶĿ⣬ں͸ղŵȻͬղ˳ˮۣڿǺӸ档Բðôķȥһģ˵۵Ҳǿȴ˵ҪδҲ̫һ㡣
ѦڵĻǺǿˣһô˵Ҳû
ɵҲóһһл˵ģѦڲŲɵſڶ¶Է졣
һҲǿıֿ֪ٵˣĻָᷢʲôأеλϿһۣȻ󿪿˵УȻ೤ôΣҪƴǵĻǿɾе㲻ʶôˡ鳤ԣ⻹и⣬ϣҰ೤ʹܶ
ǿһ⻰ԺûĻҪµ鳤ԷõˣͷҪҪֱ̫ˡ뵽Ժǿǲˬ˵гʲôҪ˵ɣҪǴҾѶȵĻǲ¿һ顣
ǿ˼ԣҪ˱˻ԣҪǻʲôǷֵҪĻǲƵҲҪ鳤ˡ
һԷĻԺ󣬲˵೤ˣҵ˼˵Ǳһ̯ӹ鳤ҲֻǹҸĹҪ鳤ѡһҪءƼʩΪͬ־鳤೤͸λͬ־ǿǷʣ


һǧһʮ ͸
һ⻰˵Ժȫ˵񶼱ùʵ˾е㲻˼顣ʩΪǿˣһǿһֱԸһȴʩΪ÷쵼Сĸ鳤˿⡣
⻰Ժ;Щķѽ⣬ǿȴԵ쳣ԭܼ򵥣Է˵ȴԺǳ⣬ⲻô˵е˵ȥ
һǿϵ֮ɫ̹һ㡣ôΪöԷǰһأʵǲѶΪ֮
һǳܳʲôԭʲôĿģ֮ǿ쵼СܹעҪһôԷĻǾԲĵġѸײڶ֮鳤ٻعͷѶԷϸ鳤λãǿʱ¶ҲǲѶΪ֮ˡ
һе֮⣬ǿϽݵԺ漴˵г޳ɣΪһҪȫеĸ޾ϸѽȷʵֻܹҸҪȥ˾ĻǷˡ
ǿһ˼Ժ󣬾ʹһ⣬ץסԷ֮ǰµĻ˵£Ǿǣ鳤һֻǹ齻ɸ鳤ȥһͨʩΪƿס÷顣
һԷĻԺ󣬲ûٿڡĺܼ򵥣ֻҪ쵼С鳤¾ֲʩΪĵġô룬һΪŵУһ棬ҲоǿƺģȻԷģ͸ɺúùһˡ
ǿһˣԺ󣬼˵¼ȻҶûҿôɣ»вСĹǣҲһ鳤ɣ
κ⻰ԺǲˬҲָо棬ǿһܻһᡣҪǷ֮ǰ϶ᶨƵվǿǱߣؽ鳤ԴӾƸǵԺȡһ־Զ̬֮ȣǿ飬ʵûɾֻܾӲͷƤӦ
ǿúκҲһ鳤ȫʱ⡣÷Ĺô㣬һ̩ĵϣҲǺģȻκ
һδæٿĳίᣬһǿѦ˶ն£˳ˡյĽһջѦڴ֮ǿ̵ֻϲεİ÷쵼Сĸ鳤ʤ޵ʵȴǲȻ
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󣬷ǳͬһͶԷһҲ͸á
̸˺һԺ󣬻Ǿһ񣬺׼ˡ˵ڵί˭֮ĹϵϾոտ곣ίᣬҪǳʱľһĻܻԱ
뿪֮ǰʾһһԷ˼һ붼ûֱӿھܾˣɶû˵źһġ
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˼Ұȡ˳гλãһҲûбʾĻǿе˵ȥûһĻгλҲֲġֻҪһ仰ƢҲûУʩΪгʱسأʲô²ðͰ
뿪ԺһŴ绰һǴκģһǴŵġŴ绰ܼ򵥣Էһֱڹע÷飬һˣȻҪͶԷͨһ¡
˵κĵ绰ȥڿɴɲģһǳ绰Ҫ˵绰Ŀĺܼ򵥣ֻΪԷԶٷ
ڳг飬һȾͺκк쳾䶨Ժٺúðοһ¶Է˵κҪǾλǴƵģӺһĹϵ֮ǰκҪǿںģټ϶ԷһλŮʿ
κʱһʵ޷񶨵ģǾŮ˵ҪСһ㣬漰ʱ
гͨгȣ˶һǰ׺⣬ζŴӴ쵼УĶλǿɲһĴرлȥ˵
һ£ûվһƳȥֻκˡ̹ǾԲܵģθгʱж̣ûв뾺ʸ
κƳʩΪһʧôҲйĻᡣڵƳĻᶼûеõ£һȻҪúõذһ¶Է
ںǿֵĹؼʱ̣һǳһҪŽһпŽпܻʤκˣԲǵͷʲô񣬷Ļ
һ绰ȥʱĿοΪһһ۵ġ
κʲôҲû˵ˬһڴӦҪ˵Գ񸱵λûκ뷨ǲܵģʵѾˣټϴ֮ǰͰοˣԴ绰ԷҪǻʲôĻҲ̫е˵ȥˡ
绰Ժһ룬Ȼţȴѩޱ֪̹ͨźξֵĻ١ʥһԸ
һѩޱѵص㰲ҶĽҶǿҶϵεһ䡣һͨκһ̸ȥ


һǧһʮ 
ôĻºһǳΪ쵼Ԧ֮޷ܲʹڻʱһҪ߾䣻ڵϺܲʱһҪʵ⡣о쵼֣ﱾеʲô뷨ģһ㣬ȻҲɢˡ
һ´ŵĵ绰Ժ󣬶߸ཱུһ绰ͷʹ˵гãǴţ
ųʱһ־Ƶ飬ʱŶʶ־Ƶĸǰ˵û
ʱۣүӵݣǲ֯ӵĹ⻷ڣһгҲǽеģ
ȨơƸഺգʱǰֻǴҴҹͶѣնµıǨ֮ԶȥĹɣ˭Ҳ޷ŤתҪվڲĸ߶ȣʵǣϵصԼĽǶȡ̬ӦΧı仯Ǳġ
Ȼ̴˵ģҲүλǼʱвʣ漴ֽ÷ˮˡ
һڵ绰Ѹոշڳίϵ飬Էһ򵥵ĲȻڰ÷顣
⻰Ժ˵гˣŸм㿴ʲôʱʱ䣬ȥ̩Ը̸һ̸飬ме״
һ⻰ԺüͷɵԷһ֪һʲô˵ɣܣ׼ȥݷһ־Ƹ磬ʱǵ绰ϵ
⻰Ժ󣬺ǿģڵ绰ͷ˵Уʲôʱǰ绰ţʱһݡ
һһлԺлҶ˵绰
һ֪һʲôĻ˵һȻ˵ĻһҲûбҪٷµشʲôˡĿǰҪ̩ڴʲôмֵϢô׵顣Ȼ˵ĻһҲͲ׼Ϲ󹤷ˡ
˵˵ǿıûйϵһһҲģ԰ٷ֮ٵȷһйϵʡֻ̩͹Դ㰲÷Ե㣬Ϊ˴׼˵м״ˣϵǿڳίϵ쳣֣ɵҲܿмĹϵɴ˿ɼˮһ
һҶϵ绰Ժѩޱĵ绰ʹ˵һжѾźˡһһԺ󣬾Ҳûˣѩޱ룬ʾһǲǻûѽгǷֹһ̯ӵġ
ĻΪѩޱи鳤ǲ̫ʺ˵ģ֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬˽³ϣԥԺ󣬻ѡ˵˳
һ⻰ԺһжЦ˵Ѿȴ绰ˣղǺ˵ˣǺǣ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ΢΢һ죬˵ǵģ˵˵ˣ˼һġ
һ⻰ԺæһǣŹҶ˵绰
Ȼܸߣȴ࣬һ״Ͱºͻһˡ˱˼ɣϰкģҲ͹ˡ
һǽһԷְλߵģӦŶԣ°Ժֱ˶ųһϵҶƵꡣ
֮ǰһ¸߻һȥʱ򣬾ͿųҪǳȥμӦĻһһ㶼ϲɣɡ⳵Ȼ̩ҲǾ˽֪ˣǱϾ˽ҳٺ͹˽óϱߡȻֻһСϸڣһȴǳ⡣
һû񿪶ųȥҲǱˣΪ˰εκͷһ̣һĺϲȷʵ÷ǳ֡
κһԷ⻹ǺģмָжǾԵһٹȥԣҲһᣬûбҪ̫͵ˡ
֪һѾ뿪ʱκһ㲻ˣ뵽ԷǲֱӹȥˡҪĻ׿ɰڵеˡܶԷȿ飬гһгеֵζˡ
ʶԺκе㲻ˣæѩޱֻͬһӪټͬΪŮ˵ԵʣԱ˴֮ĹϵǺܲģĻκҲʱԷ绰
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⻰ԺκһãĻ˶ڵһˡڸոձγгĻһӦò᲻ˡ
ʶԺκվŰͿ첽ȥߵſڵʱ۵һŽײһ
κһʮߡ˵ٸĽС䰫˽塢סŵʱỺСģκǿǰһײЧǳԡ
Ժ󣬻ûסΣžһֱһƨ˵ϡ
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˵⻰Ժ󣬲Ӧ𣬾ͼҴҵݿȥˡ


һǧһʮ ֮
ٷԵÿνǱҪ˵֮ǰκΪ뽫Ҫγг飬ﻹЩʹ죬ζݵľۻ֮󣬿˵ʧˡ
κҲһ֮ƺλûȷʵΪȽԺ󣬺ƸΪԡĻ治һѹʩΪһͷҪ浽ʱĻ߷ӱǵȻҲϣĽ
ЩκǳеתҲԵ֮ɣһٷԺκҲˣҲƽˣȻʲô뷨ˡ
뿪ʱһֺκ䡣˵˵ʲôû֪ˣκ״̬ƺ֮ǰֺ˲٣ɴ˿ɼһ˽˵仰Ǻġ
صԺһоǰδеۣӶлԺͣæͣ˵Чͦģ˿ҹ˾֮ʱһľƣĸо
һֹһεӾʲô壬ô˵أϾĿǰҲ˳˳ˮģʱҪ¶ĴӴɲô׵顣
Ʋɴ˶Ӱ첻˵ôĻøһ˸ôأ
ļ죬ʩΪһʱ̬ȺܲãôĿĺܼ򵥣ͨöԷоķŭ
˵ΪһггʱӦòŵıֳһԭǾгҲпɽģҿɽίǣʵʵڵһ֡ʩΪΪʸһǰӵġ
һҲƲѣȴñ¶ΪԷûʲô⣬뷢Ҳûнڡ
ʩΪ֮ԸĿŵҲǿ׼һ㣬ûκΰѱڶԷϣʱڹҲǳСġһһﲻˬҲҲκνڷйġ
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˵ºǿûйϵʩΪڱϾ»췹ԣܴĸǶȳһ¶ԷӦõġ
֮ǰʩΪʹ֪˳ίϵ飬ºǿûаϵԷΪ¸еˬ
ǿʩΪ밲οһ¶Էģ˭֪ȴʩΪ񷴹ͷοǿĻȻ˵úתаԷͷ˼ǿ󣬻Ƿǳжġ
ΪίǣȻ߸ϣȴһֱӺһһĻòþͻ¡ʩΪҪվĻǵûʲô̫⣬ϾԷֻһгַ죬Ҳ飬ίǿûаϵ
ǰ£һֻѡ̣ʩΪҪֵ֣ĻһöԷû˵Ļɾʹˡ
һг鶼׵ĻȥɻɺܴӰ졣һ㿴úʱʩΪQһ󣬵ҵʵĻʱһöԷΪʱΪӦеĴۡ
һʱһڰ칫ļ׼ȥ̩ǰʱ䣬ͶǩĴY6ص飬ڽʵʲ׶Ρ
һͲ̶̹Ժ׼ϲ齨һµĹ˾ڸõؿչĿ̩˵Ǽ飬̩ϵȻ롣
ɵ¹˾ȨһҪյˣһĻɾеæ˼ˡϵ˵ϾǱϴô˵Ҳվһͷģ̩߿ɾ˵ˣǿǺκŵĵ̡һԹȥͶԷ̸һ£һڸõؽ顣
Ҫ֮ǰͺκйӣһԸûάͥȥ顣˵κ̩ϴ󣬵ߵ飬ĻҲ˵ùȥ
ͨϴ飬һͿάͥͺκ֮ܲԸɲΪõĿܣԻǾͲ̹һȥҺκţܸĽ
һרļʱͻȻƵһüͷɵһ˵
һı־ͿԿʱǲˬҲҪ֪ڿļ֮ǰһ͹չ£ҪûʲôرҪ飬öԷͲҪ˽ˡͷв飬һ꣬Ȼȥ̩˭֪һṦ򣬾ʵмֲˬ
űƿԺ¿ϰϵıһ飬ϰ֮ǰǸոսģת۾͹ˣҲе߯ˡܸоʣҲûа취λ˵мг治ҵһʲô飬һСǵġ
ǰ˵ϰ壬ʩг˵ҪҪ㱨š
⻰˵ǻ㱨˵ǽ֮ͣȷûа㻰˼˵Ҫ飬Ҳ㱨ġ
һ⻰ԺеļﰵʲôҪ飬⵹˹ˡ
е㲻ΪȻһǶ˵Уʩгɣ
˵⻰Ժһ˸ղűµǷļ
ʱ䣬ԷǲˬĻᣬȻŹ㲻ţаҿ㻹ôţ档һָöԷͷٽôһ¶ԷǺбҪģ㲻˭гˡ


һǧٶʮ 
ļԺһȴһҲûпýȥʵе㲻ףԷʱʲôҪ飬û˵ʲôرѽ
һ֮ʣоһӰ߽ˣҪ˵һʩΪˡܶԷʲô⣬һ׼֮ǰõİ취ɣǧ㲡ֻշץҩ
ʩΪ񿴵һ״̬гһĸоӡУԷҲֻ˰뼶ѣûʸף˿λȴһؿļе㲻֪Ǻ֮СȻҲôɣȴö˵ʲôֻӲͷƤǰȥ
һʮľ룬ʩΪһԣǳҪľʱһҪɵɵվǵȵĻԷгԶĴ㡣뵽Ժʹֵһ칫ǰһȻԹԵͳһ֧
ϻԺʩΪͻȻʲôƵģһ֧һİ칫ϡ
һһĻʱ򣬲ɵðüͷͷļ˵ֻһõģһ㲻ĿʩΪԺ󣬾ԽļͶڶԷϡ
֮ǰһ뷨ļӣ̽һ¶ԷûĽװƵĴ㡣ô˵ʩΪҲǸггôǿƣҲ﷣վġ
һԭȵ뷨ֻҪԷкһͷļϴ󣬶ԷҲֻĸ֮һǰ£ʩΪȿڴкԣƺʲôֵ飬Ȼıʵǳϡ
ŵģûôŵģһҪ£ٲƵĻԺ˵пͷȥʶԺһջ۾⣬һضļ
һڹ۲ʩΪʩΪͬҲڹ۲ӹȥʱһ۹⶯˶ʩΪ׼кġ˭֪ԷûиĻᣬ̶̵һ֮󣬶ԷĿѸ˻ȥٷ֮ٵؼееļϡ
龰ʩΪԽ֮ǰľȷģҪؾվⲻĻǶԷָȵʲôʱأ
뵽ԺʩΪʶذǰŲŲӴ̱ڰ칫ϵ˼
ʩΪ񿴵ó۳ƺûκ⣬Եһ㣬Ǿ֮ǻģ㶼رˣű㣬ôأΪؼһ㣬һ֮ϣΪ㲻쵼ȴ쵼ͷ㣬ǲ췽ҹ̷
һҲżԽؿϵļ£νҪ飬㶼żҼʲôҶǾôţվ˭ܺĵù˭
ʩΪʼǷǳƶģһ֧̳Ժ󣬼Էûпļе㲻ˡһϵļȻвҳԺ󣬶ԷûзҪôȥĻٹСʱļҲѽ
ɵҲóһйˣ˵˼ˣҴкݺˣŪһѵ˼ʩΪ뵽Ժ￪ʼʱڱίǵĴȣոһôһĻǰʱŬȫ׷ˡ
뵽ԺʩΪԴˣŰ̵̻ҸĻᣬֱӣȻЦге㱨һ£㿴
һԷŲסﰵ֪ˣαصҪˣƫƫҪԽ˵ĻԽǲԸŰɣúأ
ʩΪ˵⻰Ժ󣬵һᣬԷȻһҲûУֻڨڨ֮У׼˵˭֪һѾǰ濪ˡ
һһԺͷ̧ûֱ̧˵ʩгԵȣҿ档
˵⻰ԺһļһţȻ˳һ֧ǷļȪ԰ȥ档
ʩΪ⻰Ժ󣬶ӶҪˣҪڣԷװǻƵĻ⣬ѾˣλɲǣδҲ̫е㲻г˰ɣ
һȻ֪˿ʩΪ뷨뷨ȴеͶԷԵ˼۾⿴ʩΪһĲͷһҲ̫һ̲ˣҾͰ˰⣬أҪļһ
һȻʩΪΪ£һԿ϶ӦһԻȽҪ飬ĻͷȥˡȻ׼˶ԷߣһԽǼᶨҪúһԷ뷨
˭ˣֻҪĹϽΧڣøţֻøšһﰵ
ʱ˿̣ʩΪŷ֣ԼȷʵûʲôʱͶԷҪ˵ģĿǰﻢ֮Сڸоһ˿ڣôƫƫ¸ˣҪĻӦòڷôľ
ʩΪ˿̰һıֺǿֹ֧ˣΪһ֮ȥλʾ˼ֻ⵱г䵱˶ԷʾĹ߶ѣ뻹ǿɱ
ʩΪһǣԶԼԭֻñҪǡҲһΪɱ֮᲻ƺĲǵ˻ƺĶֱƲȥһ̲Żоڣʱڻʲôأ
ȻܲˬԷȻõһᣬòƳվ⣬ֻˡƨˣʩΪûǵģһֻˡ
Ժǿˣ´̺У׼͵ʱ͵һ⡣Է֮ԲǲǺ͸ղŵ֧еϵҪĻٳһ֧Ļָõȵʲôʱأ


һǧٶʮһ 
뵽ԺʩΪջ쵽´֣ŲŲƨɣ֮ǰȴǰԺʩΪذֱͦһ㣬ӿȥмӣǲӳһ㣿
꣬ȥˣ
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־ЦŶһ˵СˣģҾǺȲȥҲֲƣгľ˿ɲһǰ㡣
һ⻰ԺʱͿ룬ڿο飬㵹ãͷͽҵĵףͷ˺á
Ҫǻˣ⻰ֱ˵ˣֻԵ־ƣҲˡڻʡһص˵У¬ŵһĻǵڶȻ־ĪƲڵĹϵ̸ҪǶԷĻʶ飬пںꪳɳˣкˡ
»ϰôһ˵ˣûǳһ˵ͷԱʾԶԷĸл
һṦ򣬵һͼˣ־ʾƯŮƵͬʱЦ˵ѽȥҿɹսˡ
һʹŶһۣЦ
ŮԺ־ƿ˵ȥϢһ£ҪʲôҪĻٹ
Ů⻰Ժ֪һлҪ˵ǹ˵һλϰãȻת˰š
»վ˵ȥһһЩʲôˣ˵ԺǸŮ˰š
־Ƹ磬鲻ѽ֪ˣҰ»أ쵼۹ǲһѽһид˵
־⻰ԺЦ˵Ҫ˵飬ҿܻǫһҪ˵㣬һ̹Ȼ֮ҵ䲻󣬼Ҳߣڶһ֮ˣ棬һеŵġ
־ưѻ˵꣬һŷӦԷǱŷ˵أ
һЦ˵־⻰˵һҲû˵ȫʡܺȵģǲࡣ
ŵ⻰˵Ժ˾㶼Ц
ͳֱݸ־ƺһ׼˵ʱһѾžһ־Ƶϻˡ
־ͬҲûпףһ֮䣬ڻûбҪЩ̫ƽϡ
˶ϻԺ־ƿŴſ˵˵˵ɣôһһҲˣֻҪΧڵ飬ǾԲġ
־ƺʹ֮Ĺϵ޿λʱ򣬶С֪ŽһĿģǱˡ
һȴſڣ˵ܣھûڳ־Ƹղ˵ľ˵ģʲôָ̡
гô룬̫ˡ˵֮ǰȷʵе㸴ӣʱ䣬ﻹеûס


һǧٶʮ 
ſһۣ󶨣漴˵飬Ҳֻǵ;˵˵澿ûˮ֣һ治̫
˵Ժ󣬴Źͣ˻ͷƱһڡ
һԷı֣ﲻɵһ𣬿¹治򵥣Ųء̧ͷ־һۣԷҲһãȻһǺ棬ԷӦҲ֪Ϣǡ
ŸղͣסͷΪӣֻΪ־ƺһӶѡ˵֪˶ʡ̩͹Դ÷ˣ˵ͷȻ󣬵ʡѾΪкˡ
⻰Ժһ־ƾһȻѾ뵽һǺͰ÷йϵŲģĻԺ˻Ǹом⡣
⻰̣ͳìܡȻͽͷ󣬵ôʡΪ֮кģ
һ־Ƶﶼô˵һɡﶼɻ󣬵˶ûгѯʣżȻô˵ˣһ͵ģҪʷĻԵеļˡ
ŷ¾ƱԺ󣬼˵ֵ˽־ȫ֮ǰһֱƴʡ̣Ӧöİɣһϵܡ
һԺ󣬺־ƶһۣˣ˵İԭΪ̩еίǿǴƴʡģΪǣͬһʲôϵĻ־ȫ۰Ͱ͵Ĵƴܵġ
һŴž˾پƱһСҺԺ󣬿ƺ˵һ䣬󣬵һдѽ
⻰ԺЦŵ˵ͷ˵ҲҸղ˵ģλͷȻ󣬵ȴʡĴͷԭɣǲǣ̫˿͸ѽ
Ŷ˭Ϊͷˣ־ʵ
ûпڣպһϵľˮٵдһ֡
ȻѹҪˡ־üͷ˵
дǸȻʲݣһ־һúУһĿ֣ɴ뵽ʡ鳤ԡȻΪǣıվŵ˭ٳ˲֪˲
Ҫ˵ʵҲͦû־ģɽԺ󣬰ǿ鳤λϣӲصĵûаԹԣҽ߾ܵذͽԷֱǿȥ̩Ժŵλ
һλ֮ǰҶԵܹúǺеˮƽġ鳤Ժ󣬱ֳ˺βͣΨɽհʱһֲ֮ܲУ˺ǲݡ
е״Ժװʵλʡλʲôϵе׽͸ĸоѽ
һ˵⻰ĿȻ⣬ȴġһֱǿĵϸ˵Էɽˣȫʡ˽֪֮ĹϵʲôزԣȴǷǳؼġ
ڴ̩еǿ֮䲻ԸѾǲʵˣ˷ֱΪίǺгԺ״ʹˡ
Ȼ˵ĻбҪԷĵϸˡƲɽӴļ˵ԷǻʡʵʵڵĶ֣һҪǿеĻǾͱ֮ľϵĻ޷
һ⻰־ƣҲʴŵģΪִŵϢԴǷǳḻģ˵֪¡
һĻԺ̧ͷ˿־ƣȻֵͷȻһʵ˽⡣
־˼һȻ󵭵˵ֻ֪֮Ĺϵܲ򵥣˵ʲôϣ·ʡ⣬ûе֪ˡ
һ⻰Ժһݣ˵ʲôϢ־ƵĻв¬Ҳ˽ֻⷽƺ̫⡣
ȻҶҲûбͺľ̽ȥˡһ͵ʲôƵģ˵ѹǰ쿪ίʱλͻȻѰ÷ó˵ԭ滹кأǺǣ
⻰Ժһ࣬Ϊĵ飬һĿƺǿѾˡ
ʶԺ󣬴æʵô̩Ǳǲʲô
һ⻰ԺҲð˵Է˼Ժһ˵ղ˵ģ򵥣Ƕϵˣãһﰲ÷쵼С鳤
⻰Ժﰲ˲٣֮ǰڵ绰Щûкÿڣ͵һ˵е㵣ǲǳʲô״ڿӦò̫
룬뿪Цسһ˵һѽڹԴǱ߻Ѿûָˣֻ̩пˣֻҪֶ飬Ҳ֪ˡ
˵Ժ󣬴ͣ٣Ž˵Ҹղ˵Ǹ־ȫǵ֣˵֮Ĺϵ൱ĺá
һ⻰Ժʶص˵ͷԤ֮е飬棬ҪͶԷúýһ
ʶԺһһ֧̣зۣ˳˼ڻе㲻ȷǲܸĶ£ߵĴʱּᶨ˼ġ
̸£ְ˼ŵ˺Ⱦϡ
ԼʮԺ󣬹»»ص˰棬һĻķ֣
־֪ķһ֮ĹϵԻǺܸӵġԷƵʱֱӸɵ˱оƣķǿġ
ԺʱҲˣԴɢˡֵʱ򣬴˵ܣ̩ȥһԴ˵ȻûκͷʾӦ


һǧٶʮ ϵ
һʡӦִ죬˰ݷһ¬⣬ֱ͵̨Լ֯˾˾ۡ
һǳķǱҪģϾ˼¹һֱԷǷǳչ˵ġ
֯ˣûǸ뷨ϾѾˣٺϵ̫ܵĻڸҲһ뿪طԺ󣬾ҪȥЩֻһЩСϸڣٳʲô鶼пܷԱСĶԴ
ѩ֪һӦˣ׸ȻҲ֪ˣͺ󡢺÷˵ȻҲ᲻֪һȻҲͲƴˡ
ҲÿλӦ춼ǳ͵ԭǣ˺̫ˣټϻһλʱ̶һϵһòСĽĶԴ
磬һ͸ϻ̩ʱ䣬ʡﶼȣûйźȿͷ»ص˹λС
µһܣһ̩дһ⣬оĿοŵĴ档
飬˵κͲ̹ž帺𣬵һҲҴ⡣һ飬ǴʩΪжģ˵ǻڶʳҲΪȻܳκβĻڴԼˡ
˵ŵĴǸǵ֮صĿˡǱ֮ͬY6ؽ̩ҪΪһĹϵʱ䣬Է˾Ҫˣһɢɳӣǿɺе㲻ý˼
ֻ̩죬һȴһ̬ǳߵд˶Է˶ͷųһϢȥǿ֪İ÷̣ҲǺ뷨ġ
˵ǿĺվʡɽһ¬ɽ֮⣬ǰ֯޿ҲӴˣΪؼһǴŵĺżȫʡ쵱ġҪ涯ԽĻɲһĴ
֪ϢԺǿҵ绰־ȫ˹ȥ绰ͨԺǿԼذߵԷһܣ˼öԷӦ׼
˭֪ĻԺ־ȫڵ绰ͷ˵ǿѽҲҪ̫ϣԴѾ̸òˣ̸̩ȫʡҲһḶ́ҲǺͺƽɫˡ
Է⻰ȥڰοǿʵȴڴһ£ԴǱߣ־ȫһϵûУۿѾ̸òˣΪԷڻʡ̣ȻʲôæҲﲻϣⲻеζ
ǿֱ治־Ļ⣬ܹе㲻þԷ˼ڴҲĿ֪֮ǰȴһҲû͸ǿǾòˬ
ǿŵ绰˵һ䣬Ŀǰֻһ˵յĽΣҲ˵ԴǱ߼ȻѾˣпյĻ͵ɣ˼ҴϰѾˡ
ﲻˬǿ˵̬Ȳ̫ã㼴ʹڵ绰ͷ־ȫһ
־ȫɵðüͷղǻмּҶԷ˼ǿĻػδҲ̫һ㡣Ҫ֪ҪӳĻôܻǿĽأ
С£Էûпʼ죬Ѿʼ˦ˣʵе㲻ˬ²òͷĵ־ȫǶġ
־ȫһ˵ǿû˼ֻǲϣΪ¶ʲôӰ죬Ǳò̫ɱȥѽ
ǿȷʵе뷨Էôһ˵ö࿪ˣװɷнµ˵磬˵ĶȥˣҪǶĶǿĽ죬Ҹղź˵£ȷʵеѶȣ̩е͹Դһ㵽Ժںϸ˵
һֱ֮䶼ǳ׽˵֮ǰеС٣ֻҪ˵˾ûκˡ
־ȫæ˵ǿԴ߻ûȫ㶨أ˵쵼кߺе磬һһʱ䡣
˵Ժ־ȫͣ٣˵ҪɣСȹȥҲðһ£ǲںŵĺ棬ͷʳԣ˵Ļֻаķˡ
ǿ־ȫĻԺ뵽ֶӡǾһֻ֪ԺֵĶ棬ָܰɵĻǺͳ˵졣
øȻѾô˵ˣҲ̫Էӣǿ˵УСȹɣ̩ĿúģҲã
־ȫ⻰Ժ׶Է˼ˣĶӹȥ죬뵽Լǻı֣ûƢ
УǾɣܾһˣʱСȥ־ȫ˵ǱԺҶ࿴һ㣬Сһ㶼ʡѽ
˵ӷǳ־ȫҪӵģǿղ˵ȥ̩Σ˵һʱٹȥ
Ůô·ӣڸĸǾĽӣ־ȫĿоǿ࿴ʵȴûаⷽ˼
ǿǳø۽Ů⣬Ϲ󹦷򣬷ĻҲѶӽˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժǿ鷳ڰ칫ⲽָղ־ȫ˵ǸĻûطˡڼ̧ͷҲͬˡ
һ£Ϊ°÷̣ĵذø־ȫնԷȴһ񣬻뿪ίǵĶأ
ǿھõʱԲߴ⣬֪һܻĻͲƴˣֱӽ쵼С鳤λˣЩĻеΪʱˡ
ǿǳ뿿ʩΪѹһĻǼֱǲܵ顣ҪøһѣԳ˵ô죬ﻹûʲôס
һѴԺ󣬾ûٹע÷顣ôݵϢѾݳȥˣȻûбҪʱˣϾʡڻûʽĿһл׼֮С
˿̣һڰ칫ϸŲ̹ʱ͹ļһݹ鷽׼ǽҵϲ̩š
һ⣬Ͼ̩еʵҪĻѶȽϴ󣬲˶Ρźʹڼźλᣬ̩дȫ֪ķءⲻΪУ׳ɹһΪصһ㡣


һǧٶʮ 
ڶһ磬һͰѲ̹˹̸һ̸ڳŵ滮
ڻԺһһ̸֧̹ţȻֱʵѽ͹úѧϰһ£뻹ͦģֻڳάˣǷ˽⣿
鷽һȷʵһӦ˵̹Ŷ൱ĵģûʲô⡣һЩС覴ãһҲû̫⣬ǳҪɹؼ˵أܾѡ֮ء
гάˣһ̫˽⣬ֻǼΣӡ㲻ֻ֪ԭϵĳĿ˵һ֪ˡڲ̹ҪôصĵӽԷǰ˽ԵúбҪˡ
̹ſһһ˵г֮ǰϸ˽⼸ˣ˳ά⣬һߵĻ컹ͦģǸ룬ұǲ׼õģ˰ݻˣʾһ쵼
һ⻰Ժˣгάͦģ̹Ųʲô
˵죬һ֪ʲôģû˵֮ǰֻһƳ͵һ̫ߵĻ׳¡
Щ飬һһһ˳ˣĻָʲô۶ءȻ̹ᵽ飬Ƚעеλԭ̩һϡ
⻹ͦ˼һ飬ҳĿǰ״࣬һȴһִྶͥĸо̩ߵզأƸѾ̭ˣƺҲǰϵǱߵĳάȴֲףʵеϡ
˵֮Ĳܴ󣬵ӵȴҲ˵е˼·ȷʵʺҵķչҲһᶨһҪȥľġ
һ˶񣬳Ų̹ʵ˭Ϊкˣ˹һ㣬Ӫǲ
̹ŴһĻóԷܲðʵҲͬ뷨ҪǴкͷСŲὫ飬˵һأ
̹Ž̵̻Ҹ˵гǰ죬ίͻȻҵİ칫û˵ʲôֻԴһ飬뿪ˡ㿴ǲе̫ˣ
һ⻰Ժ̧ͷ˲̹һۣԷ˼ˡ̹źһǿ˼ֻ˼Ҳû˵Ҳֻˡ
˵̹ŵ˵ȫȨҲ˵˵벻ʣǲ̹ǲǿӵġʶԺһﻹǺмָжģ̹ǳվˣԣе㲻ܲ˵ζ
ζ֮жĴǷǳģҲһᶨվӵľġ
һ˵Ȼһ£ֻȴ׼ɨǿӡֽ׶Σǳ΢ϴۺ飬ҪǶԷڹؼʱ̰һѣյĽΣ˭Ҳ˵βô˵ӣһһҪԷġ
һֵһ̸֧̹ţ˸ԵϻԺװӣ˵㷽İɣֻѳάڹжעһߵ˺£ҪǳʲôӵĻҵһ
̹һϹˣ⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼһ˼æ˵г㾡ܷģһȥԺҾóάӦòʲô⡣
УǾͺãֻһְһ㣬ֻҪһĹ̬ȣӦòʲô⡣һ˵ˣǸһӳΪܵĻ᲻ʲô⣿
̹⻰Ժ󣬶پһе֪֮УҲʱһֱ⡣ȷʵû˵ҪһΪܵĻǾζǰЩܳΪˣһĻЩ˵һпġ
ڻĹȻԽԽܵӣǲɷϵ˵ҲһݺӵĶϼ¼ˣ󲿷˶תģһͲ̹ŵĵ֮
̹һŨŨԺһƵ˵г˵ҲΪĵģȻһ㣬ǣȥ˭ʲôȴǡǡ෴Ҳеò⣬ҪǸ㲻õĻܳ⡣
̹ŵ⻰Σһ£Ϊ飬齨Ĺ˾ĲȣĻ롣
ȻûöھͿԷλԺľԭЩ쵼ǣڵλãĻǹ˾в㡣ҪʲôĻǹûչ
ҵλҵв쵼öǲɺԵģڵλųµáҪǳĻǾҲ治תġ
һûش̹ŵĻǱ̣߳˼ֵ˺һԺŲ̹˵ţ㿴вУʱһλĻܻǿҵķӦʱûΪܾȹʱ䣬ҶϿʵ㿴ô
̹⻰Ժϸ룬Ȼ˵гҿУһ壬Ҳ׽һ㡣
ѽʱһ̸һ̸Ƕ˵һ棬ֹʲô뷨һ棬Ҳɼڹؼʱ̣ǲźð˵һ˵
ںͲ̹֮Ĺϵܽһ˵ҲûвҴţôģô˵
̹æ˵гģһ⻰תﵽλŻһṼġ
һûпڣֻ˵ͷ


һǧٶʮ ϵ
ۿٽµˣһʱľҪ̩ŵĳ档˵ɲ̹ƶģһЩ棬ȻԹʡ
ʮ죬̹֯һԱȽϵ͵ĳʽһֳ˲ʡг⻹ǵһΣҵһĻʲôѱ
֮ǰ̹һʾҪҪȥǿг֮Ժ֮ì̩ڻѾˡҶԴ˵ûʲôСֵģίǺгڹе磬˾ռߵ顣µڹȥԺЩìֳܱҶԴҲ׼ˡ
ǿϾһ֣һȻɵϺͶԷȥò̹ȥԷ
һʼǿǴӦģǰһϣȴͻȻһ绰̹ţ˵Ҫʡȥ飬Ȳˡ
һ֪ϢʱֻһЦ֮Է֮У룬Ҫǿʮа˾Ųġŵ鼸һִٳɵģԷȻġ
˵ʽ÷ǳ͵ϯԱĵȷʵ̩ͣйٳ̳ľӢҵƣгץģ˭Ҳӡ
ӦˣصҵʱѾŵˡƺƿһȴϴһ£ܾˣʲô˼ɣȷʵΪ̫ˡ˾ˣ㳾䶨ˣڣ飬ǺúϢһ¡
һԺһ׼Ӵ绰ͻȻֻһ֣ĵ绰æ˽
Ϲ㵽𣿡֣еʵ
֪ųΪ˲ɷĹʱŴ绰
ˣϴһ裬׼绰ʹˣϬһͨѽһɳϿĵ˵
ǻ˵֣ҲܿģЦ˵ˣϹиһ¡
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һˣëë̩ȥǴӦ죬ҲˣһȥǶȼ٣㿴ô֣ʵ
ѽ֮ãʡظˣǺǣһЦ˵
֣⻰ԺЦ˵Ҿ֪һͬģ֮ǰϽ˵Ҳȥ̩䣬ʱǾһѽ
Уû⣬һýӴһæ˵
ٺ٣ϹΪʾǵĳ⣬ǲǴ绰ϸ磿֣˵
⵹ҲǣȺͨ绰Ҿ͸ȥһ˵
ǸҲûʲôˣ˯һˣȥһϹ֣˵Ժ󣬻ڵ绰ͷһǡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһое㲻ԾӶôһȦӣƺΪϴ绰е㲻Է«澿ʲôҩ
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һͨ绰Ժһŷֹ֣ĵϱ׼ͺһȥϱתһȦģ˵֮ǰⲻˣвǣҲùȥݷһ¡
ϹȥԺ󣬱ЩһĶּ֮ǰЩˣűһѳ˵һȫȥ̩أ
⻰Ժ󣬵ö˵ʲôˣֻǺ֣һȻǷȥ棬ô绰ûи򣿺ź֣ϵ˺һ˫ɡ
˸ȥԺڵ绰һ꣬೰ŪһʶӵԺ󣬱֮ǰ뷨Ե̩ԺҪһھϺúñƴһ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ֣һϢֻ֣Ƿᣡ
һṦ֣Ķű˹дţҲǱƵģأ
һ׼ϢԱһϵӦ죬ֻҪ̩ȾˣҲûʲô˼ɵˡ
鷿Ժ󣬴򿪵ԣ׼úɱѾ壬ʱ䣬Ȼûʲôʱ䣬ˮƽѾΪˡ
һ̣һųӪˣã½ǵʱ䣬ȻѾʮһˣæرյԣϴ˯
ڶһ磬˵ʱһѹʱ䲻ˣֻӴ˹ȥ֪Ǿ׼ˣһˡ죬ǶɲĻǵλŮʿģǺ൱ء
ٽʮңһ̨ɫͣһļſڣ˵ⶨϵݡջػʱϻ̫жˣټϻǺ㻻óǴģȫ㶨һʮ
˵˵Ĺϵǳãһ𣬻ǵһΣ˶ܿģСëëҲ⣬һԺֿСЦͣ
ϼ龰ĽƳɷһۡһֱûҪӣʱ׼Ҫһ֮뷨ҪΪһ޵Ӱ죬СëëɰǱҲ಻סˣټߵһٴߴ٣ҢΪ֣صغ̸һΣҲΥˡ
һ֮ǰ˰ţҶƵ濪һ䷿һ֮ǰû°ŮѶһԸ
ҶƵԺºͻԼԵŮѾǶˡϰԷǼ磬ǵȻûһˡ
ƯŮվǵʱ֣ͺ϶һۣ漴¶˻һЦò˵ǺǰһȣȷʵԵˣŮ˵ʱĿġ˭ԵʱмŮ̹ȻؽأƯŮˡ


һǧʮ ηɽ
µŮѺͻŮӯ˿ȴһζͷ֣Ͳ˵ˣгˣټϱʡ̨ģʲôȻɫһλȴҲò绨ƽʱڵλҲŮˣȴмֱȥ˼
극Ժ󣬺ӯߵģһȴ˵һȥ̩תתŮѵϰ巢ˣȻǿĵ˳
̩ķ羰ȷʵټʥΪһһеν˵Чû˵ʥȻרҵĵСǰ鲢ïȴ֮
ʥһֱ̩԰ΣξֳָǺ˼εģ̩Уڹ԰ô˵û˱˽ˡ
ϳԺ󣬻½һһ͵ңǲŴŮ뿪
֮ʣһ⽻żڼ䣬ǾͲҪٹˣʲôĻǵ绰ϵġ
˵ô˾һ֣һõģǾ̫Ե÷ǳױעϡѶǳҪǸʲôųǿɹһúúһġ
֮ǰһѾΪϷҶƵ濪˷ȴ˵Ҫȥһٺúú˱һص˺ɽׯ
СëëѵõôڻĳϾ˯ˡ˼Ժһ鷿˵֣ڿɳġǳ׵طˣѵһҹ̸ĻᣬȻԸ
ڶ磬һ޶Ϸһȥ˷ɽȪȼٴ壬ϾסǶˡ˵סһ룬ʱٶˡһƻһȥ¬صĽɫݳʣȥǱߴõӡ
º֪һż˺ҪȪȼٴȻóʮֵ顣̩еɽǺһ𿪷ģҲķģսݲΪ
ʱһһ˾ʹڶȼٴȪºΪгһרŵСӣҲǷɽοһ֣ȼٴ׼һԽ˸СӣԱõΪοǷ
Ȼ󣬵շȴҪһĴӸ࣬еVIPר˼
֮ǰºŸĳӣһԷݵľеһ
Ŷڳ濪ĲѣһҲǿģºо̵ͷԣѷɽԷһٶʮġ
Ժһֺϴ˼̨˶ǲˮƽҲɱѽѷ֣յĽҲƽɫ
ڵȪȼٴ˵ʵัȪֱǳԺһټϷɽ⣬˺ܶοͣ벻㶼ѡ
ϣһ϶˲پƣϣľһҪѷһټºصգŹأ
֮ǰϿҹģ˿뷨ֻʵˡ
º˽ͻ˷䣬һһᣬŸԻط
ºһǷĵгȷʵе󣬾ʹӷɽ˵Ͳ˭쵼ܸλڵ͵йϵһĻ벻ɼѡ
صԺ󣬶Ѿ˯ˣ֣ڿӣһԺ󣬱˵̫ˣͺһ˵ãסһ
һԴ˵ǲΪ⣬ڵ棬˵ȥոʱһأҲ˻úһ
Է֮ǰϸ˵ϵģȵе࣬ٺһɣһ˵
ڶһ磬һϡ֣ĸ˴СëëɽȥˡºȻڸţȴУһȥԻչ˺ӣһ󣬵Ȼƴǡ
ȼٴбǷɽ˲ûпֱӲ˹ȥһ磬ڴΪɴ˿ɼĻ𱬳̶ȡһͨСֱɽ
ɽ˵󣬵㹻˺úһˡɢ԰ͶݹСëëϲģֻںڵС۾һգգؿſɰСʱʱֻСҪȥץǵü˹Ц
֣ͺ϶ֳȽϸȤŮƽʱϺŮҲȷʵġ˼Դ̼һĿһ飬ϻ¶ʧ֮飬˼Ӳ̼Ƶġ
һǹɽ͸߿¾;ͷΣ治֪ôܵסġ
԰ʱ˾һţҪһһϸߵͣҪһѩܵĳ衣һȻҲʾһ򵥵׼Ժ˾׼ʼˡ
һСʱԺһֻӣһֻҰȴֻֻҰ
ϵȻľʹ䣬һ죬ǲǸһṩˣһν֤ݣǾֻҰõϲûԵ˺ۡ
еġԡ֣ɵôЦ
һȺ˿ĵɽȥ֣ͨϵĽӴһԷǳشܡкϵŮ˵ݺܲ򵥣ٱ֣гҪţּȾϲĸо˵ĽУԵСġ
˱߱Ц֮ǰȥǸС˳·վǣһŮǵĴžͿԿڳһġ
һԺ󣬲ɵ΢΢üͷЩʮҵкŮͷ治֪װЩʲô͡·ʲôһζ׷ԣ˵Ĵֱ죬ȴƫƫҸоõòС
뵽ʱһɵûعͷӻеĶӣﰵʱҪǱһúõʰ㣡


һǧʮһ ̵
һ˲ŶУǰ棬ϻڶԸղһĻʤڻһʶԷûס˵ĹУػӶֱۣ˭֪һǲĶȴһ顣
һ֮ǰһŮǡվڿϵǱߣʱŮڻයЦɫȹĽǸŻɫȹŮǰһƣʱϵֱһ˦᲻صش˴ŻɫȹŮļϡ
ֻӴһŮסļһʹı顣
ϲûע⵽ˣһŷӦԼֵķ̫󣬲СĴһŮԺæǸ˼ˣû°ɣ
Ůûпڣվ֮ңк˵ˣû۾ѽ·վˣûпѽ
ϵҲǱ׼竣򲻻лǿģȻƢ࣬Ҳܲġһ۳ǸϴŶкӣŭ˵Ÿɾһ㣬û̹ô˵˻𣿡
鷢úͻȻʶϺͶԷʱ֣Ϻ춼ͣ˽ŲСëë֣ĻһؿǰһС
кû뵽ԷƾȻôʢոſڣ˼Ѿˣһ㶣ŭ˵֪˭Ȼңҿǻòͷˣ
ȥģĶСӣȻܵװˣӳʱ㻹ɿأŭ
õ±ƻˣϵȻٺݺݵ˻ȥ
кӷζҪըˣúõװһװƣ벻ԷŸղŻŮǰ꣬ų̩ûڲƽ飬ӿеﻢµĸоˡ
ȻϺһδ󺺣һһûаգοڻһԶҪȥĻ͸ԷŰкȻţɵƣԼͬƽϡ
ϼԷˣŭ˵ûٽлһ㣬ð飡
˵⻰Ժת׼ǰˡЩСһ͵úһ㣬סǡ
Ϻһ̧ŸǰͻȻһȣ϶סһǣ
⻰Ժһǰ߹ˣ͸ղǸ£ȴҪ׳ʵ࣬Ҫһ㡣
⻰ԺҲʷʲô飬ϵĴװʳһӣϺһ
ͨǶ̶Ȳѿ飬ûٸɣҲĬ
Ͽһһۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬΢΢һͷ㳯ǸСƽͷ˹ȥûԶˣĵӻڣϵĶѸ١
ȥԺһҲܲҵǳսͽľ·ʤֻҪѹסԷʵѷһջʤĿԻ൱ġ
һĳеʵȻҪСƽͷѷһ㣬ԷȭԺ󣬿׼ʱһȭ˶Էϡ
һԺһ˿ûгɣһץסĳͷק̧ϥǣһֻһ˫ڵϴСе
һŵеͬʱҲ㶨Сƽ̨ʵ˵Ҫǿһ㣬ϵھģȻҪһǿϲ٣ȭͬ㶨ˡ
˸㶨ԺһûκֱͣȥﶼǸļһȻѾˣǾûзŹԷĵ
ôҲû뵽ֵܾô׾ٵرԷĸ㶨ˡʲôʱ˵ʵͦģô˲أ
ʶԣ׼ѾܵʱһѾʶҪ·ѾǲܵˣϺһ֣һֹͣĶд˵𶯣лҪ˵
˶˶ΧһҲǳ̫飬ϾΪһ֮ξſں˶ִܣҪǴȥĻҲʲô¡
ϺһһվӣŶԷ˵ѽղŲǺţл˵ƨţ
ȻǲˬʱɲװʲôˣĻԷпԸֵԸ
Զ˶񣬶гϺһ˵֪˭̩еؽϣҶִҵֵܣұ֤ǳԲ˶ߣ
һ⻰Ժһ̿ס֮УȻû˵װĻӦò̩гǰԲˡһ˶Էһۣ˵˵˵㵽˭ҲôҶ۽硣
һ˵⻰ͬʱ˳ָָΧΧ۵ȺڣȻִ󣬵벻ִƺ̫ˡ
ٽ˶Ѿӷɽˣſڱγ߷壬Ĺ˶ڰȱ飬ת۹һ˵Χͼˡ
һѾˣҪסǲˣȻˣֻˣڼҶԷͬʱһϡ
м˵עеϣɵֵ֮УԺѾ֣ԺſڽĻ棬ò˵һǺ˼
뵽Ժ󣬶Цһ˵Ǹˣҽ̩ίǵֶӣôǲǻ붯ִѽ
һ֮ǰҲ뵽ˣԷĳλ쵼˵ղŵǷ֪ǰȻǿֶʱһеסˣδҲ̫ɺһɣ


һǧʮ æ
˵ǲſںߣһǳܡ˵ðίǵֶóеʲôΣıȫ
ԱԺҲм⣬ûпڣתһһۣԷڳ˼̧ͷԾû˵
ԱԺûпԤڵǸ棬ǰһﶼҿˣǳһ˵ôɵѽղŲҪѽ͵ǰѽ
˵⻰ͬʱǰ⽫ϵĸǰȥڳһҳԶļơ
ɪʱϳˣ͵̧֣ŶԷݺݵȥ
ֻžһϳӡ·̫ͻȻҪ˵ˣԺ󣬻ɵɵվǶһŵģ
֮ʣȺв֪˭ͷһ䣬úãȻ˶źúãúã
˵˶һͬߵڱȴ֧ϡɴ˿ԿղŵǷжô˺ޡ
˵ĺ˹ϴ㡭㾹ȻҴңҿǻˣΰɣ
ɻԺ¶һ޹ı飬ЦǺǵ˵˵˻滰źҴ㣬Ϊ˰һæųֵģھȻ˵ҪΣίǵֶţѽ
һֱ϶ǳЩϲװƵĶͲлǿģǾΪԷԳΪӦĹӵԵʡ
˵ίֶʲôģͨ˵ҲǷǳţĴڣϻû¡ʡίǣίȣ˿ɲֹһȼοֶֻӣǸǲڻˡ
⻰Ժ˼㣬ǰҪֻӵĻȻǲܵ顣ټװˣΪΧȺ鼤ߣҪίǵĻ˵ֵ˶Ὣһᡣ
Ļԩ޴ˣôڵĵǶġ
ﻢµʱͻȻűƷ˹æкίǿǣ˸ץʲôµĻҸΣ
⻰һǵΧ˺ǲˬ֪˭˵һ䣬⹷յľ֪װƣ
⻰һȼ˵ķŭǴҷ׷׽ţ⹷յģ
⻰ԺˣΪЩƺֻ˵˵ô򵥣ѾھˣۿžҪˡ
׼˽һƣе㲻ǰȥˣ´ֱӰͷǲŽԩ޴أ
ǸԳίǵֶӵļһҪǷŵƽʱĻǵǿܹȥһƨʱ˶Ըȥ鷳
һǿֶҲܲðô˳һٺĻҲеͷ
£ҶгͷԣȥĻǾģĻ׳⡣
ʶԺһʹһɫʱõѡˡ
챾׼ǰһݣʱ򣬵гûзɲ˵˶ԷǾͷˡ
˵ǰίǵֶӣίǿ˹ҪίǺг֮ѡһվӵĻҲԥվһߡ
ΪºĴܼҶ˽ⲻˣн죬˵ǰλгͣĻɽĿĶֵ㡣
ڼһɫ첻ҵæǰһ˵ҲҪǷɽȪȼٴľղŵǷԺҺʹһŭ嶯϶ǽģ»ǽɣ
˵⻰Ժȵæ
°ᣬûȥȻкҲ˿ɣæ첽˹ȥǶ֪ܻл͵أҪǵλ޸ܣôȴǵĽֱӱɨسš
һĻԺ󣬲ɵðͷŮ˻ǲ򵥣ֻ˵ǷɽȪȼٴľû˵ͷɽ֮ʲôϵ˵˵ǽɹ˿أصġ
Χ۶һЩοֻͣղǾ仰ŭˣûп̫ĺڱ⻰һ˵ҶתˣȻѾˣȻҲûʲôˣαûأ
ʱ˾ΪһһйԺ˾侲ˣֻҪָ侲ȻͲ嶯ˡ
һǰһ˵ˣҲû£ɢ˰ɣеˣ˵һͻˡ
˱⿴֣һ⻰Ժ̧ͷ˿죬ܲҲͷ׷ɢˡ
֮ǰһڼߵòˣֿʼˣָ˵ĸˣίǵֶӣЩһ£Ļ
˵һŭס죬ǰѰ¡ð쵼ļһ͵ɽɳȥ
˵⻰˵Ȼһʵе㿴ǿֶװƵӵɳȥȶԷ˵
⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣Ǿǰе죬ھ˭Ķһ벻ˡ
˼ԣûвȡ۾졣޸أλأûҪǸģԷôô죡
ɫһŭ˵䲻ǰһ͵ɳȥѽ
⻰ԺĶ˿͸ո϶˹ȥ


һǧʮ ȥɳ
Ƶ˼㣬ǳ֮ԳЩ˲ίǵʣֻû˰Ļ棬˶ΪϹզأ
֮⣬ҲˣͻļһͨˣǸ׳ļһĻӦҲڵģĻһڣǸŮȲذǻˡ
Ȼ󣬵ڹٳЩĥúģ˭һίǵأʱ׺ѧ⣬͹ٳϵ˴ĽȽ϶࣬Żеʶġ
Ȼ£˵ʲôԷģȻ˵ĻԾͲˡȻԷҪɳУǾȥɳֻǲһ˹ȥġ˫ΪƾʲôֻǵȥɳԷȴûκأ
Ժ˵Ҫȥɳѽô죿
˵⻰ͬʱָָһϣȻֱ졣ǳǰƯŮǸµģֱӳŶԷʡ
⻰Ժ󣬵һۣ˵㾹ȻҲȥɳǡ
ȣȿȣ˵ʱĶͻȻԣû˵ĿתƵһϡ
һŵļһֱӵɳȥ£ǿ绰ʱƽϡˣ£ȥǿⱦֶʲô
һ룬ΪеģǾüȻںܳһʱ֮ڣǿпҪ֣ǼȻ˵ĻԶԷһЩ˽⣬Ҳδþʲô¡
켰ʱס˻ͷһǺģر¶ԼݣĻС˵ܾͻ˼ˡ
һǰһ˵˼ҪǺһȥɳѽǾһȥơίǵֶΣѵܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵Ĳɣ
һǹǻڼأղһƺе㰲ˣⲻһϣ״̬ͨԵĴ̼öԷ˷ܡ
Ŀģ˵⻰ʱ⽫ίǵֶӡһֽϷʵǻ˵˳е˼ԣⷬſںߵ񻰲Ź֡
⻰ԺǲˬҲʱͶԷˡݺݵһһŭ˵ܲܰôڲ˵νĺڵģҲ˵ģŰɣ
˵Ժ󣬳һֱվһű¶СŮʹһɫҲһȥɳϷ
СŮȻݣ뵽һһ֪ʵԺɵ״̬һ̿ס֮Уһƨƨߵߵߣһһ˽Ļ
Ŀ֮£ӵұĵõ˼㣬Ц̧ǰȥ
֪ǺáţǼ٣ţȴǵһξͼе㲻֪֮С
ŭˣ˺ȵȥѽɵվŵʲôأ
֮żΪûʶļһţģҵڷͷһߺģҪһͷײˡ
һתο֣ͺ䣬ǴСëëȻȥһ͹
֣ͺϼһİţ뵽һʲôè壬Ļȥ֣̩˽øһ㣬֪Ϲ֮Դĵȥ£ʮа˾źǸίйϵ
һͷ֣˵һ䣬ͺͺһСëë뿪ˡ
˵᲻ʲôΣգ֣ͺһҲģ̩УһҪ⻹ԱĻгҲøˡ
˵һĻԺڴ֮⣬þûˣĻᣬȻŹ
ҪʡǵĻ飬һ㣬ϾǶˮ˶࣬˭֪һŲȥ᲻ĳһӲѽŸˡ
̩һĵͷϣ˵˭ܰʡίǵŮôΪؼһǣµ˲ֻһʮܺߡ
һ£ղһپﵽͷˣҪٲһ㶯Ҳ̫˵ȥˡξ㱻λү֪Ҳ˵ʲôȻ˵Ļʲôù˼ɵأ
һ̧ŵʱѾ߳ʮԶˣ̬Ȼ治һĻ
ֵеԩˣ֮ĿġҪǲ㶯û˻Ϊղ˵Ƿġ
绰Ǵǿ鷽ģղŽúףίҵ塣⻰Ȼһ㲻٣ʱǿ绰ûӵġ
ӸбҵԺˣǵģΪǿûΪƨɡƽˣǻصһ˵̻ⲻ˵ģö֮ǿһ־η֮飬ŶԷλߣԽԽء
ڴ绰ʱⶣһ䣬飬ͲҪ֪ˣôĹ
ʱڼ£ƽʱϰæͣѵôڼʱĻᣬȻҪúñһ¡
ӵĵ绰Ժһ㶣漴ͻˣϰֶӣİһĳԷġ
˵ֶӴԶĹˣǿӦúúдһϰȴͶԷһȻһطס
Դ˺ֻ֣һµģϰôԸô졣
˳Ժ׼Էȥ˭֪̩Ŀͷĵ绰ȴֻϣ֮ǰһ˵ίǵֶӣǿ䷿ǲô¡
һۣһʡ


һǧʮ ǣһȫ
Ժ󣬷һڸˡͨԷԼʱԷı֣һеϰ岻ֶԭˣȻ˵ĻҲ;Զ֮ˡ
ˣǰԼֻ˶Էⷢʲô飬ϰֶӣҪ̩гʲôĻҲԲ˶ߣôҲǷδȻˡ
Էʱѵ绰ʶؾöԷҪԷ룬ʲôѣӵ绰Ժ󣬲֪ȫô¡
ڵ绰˵ڷɽɳ˵Ǻ˷һͻ÷Ŵк˵С¾ͲҪ֪ˡ
ϸһ¾ô£Է˵Ժ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰ûзʵĻᡣ
ܶǵǲݣǾְԷƽ顣˭˼ίǵֶأôæҲð
ǲҪϰ㱨һ飬ղ⽻һ䣬˵Ҳʲô˵飬ҪǸϰĻԷ̫ÿڡ
˵ҪľǴĦ⣬ǰ˵ǿȻֶҪ̩˴ĻҲÿ£Ϊǿ鷽Ӧùϳ֡
ձϰ֪ˣҲԵذԷʵϿɵġΪϰǽѣһļֵ֮ȻԷһչĻᣬǶ˵ǺܸлԷġ
һϸµķԺ󣬷绰ϵǮ˹ȥ
ǰʱ䣬ϰȥϵУԷҲ֪ԼķܺǿùϵͷӣҲ辶ˡ
Ǯӵĵ绰Ժ󣬺飬˵ίǵֶӾȻ˷ɽɳһ
ɲ飬̩һĶֵϣίζʲôڵˣֶӾȻɳȥˣвǮˡ
Σ㿴¸ô죬һҪָ·ѽǮԺڵ绰ͷҵ˵
ԷŵеϰҲ̫ȥ绰ȥҪûʲôµĻٵش߻Էأ
˵ʱ򣬷ֵ˳ñȥ£ܲ㲻Ҳ̫һ㡣
Ǯ⻰Ժ˹Ҫӵ˼ô˵ίǵֶӱɳȥˣô£ϢҪǴȥĻܹ鲻ʲô¡
ȻĻǶԣûʲôõĵˡֻҪĵشˣⲻʲô⣬ʹίǵߣ˵øأ
뵽ԺǮ˵ΣģԹȥ飬㿴ʲôҪġ
Ȼ׶Է˼һ˵Ǯ㻹Ǵ绰ùֵͬ־ȥһ£ҪȥˣʹˣҪǸòõĻ˵ǰɣ
⻰ԺǮ֪ûгԷ˼æŵ绰˵ΣҶˣʹ绰ȥʲôĻһἰʱϵġ
УǾ鷳Ǯˣ˵⻰Ժ󣬷žһֱ˵绰
ǮҶϵ绰Ժ󣬱绰κε飬˲ʲôʡµĿǰΪֹȻûʲô⣬ʱĻ˭Ҳұ֤ʲô顣
绰Ժﰲ࣬ǣһᵱԷ֪ʵԺ󣬻ʲôı֡
ղǻȻҴһ⣬ҪһģĿġһҪöԷݺݵطѪֵܵǶᣬûиʮԽ⡣
绰ͬʱҲûţһ绰º㱨һߵ
ºԴҲǳӣ˶һһİ⣬˵͸ϵɳȥ
ºҲ㲻һ⣬ֻҪԷİţһͲκ⡣˵Էǿֶʲôģºѹûп⡣һˣ˵ҲһᣬʱǾԲ˿ɵġ
ɽɳʱ䲢֮ǰһֱɳɳܣǰʱŸոաɽɳ¾ԭǽɽɳָԱò״ᣬһֵıȻϧ
ۿҪ°ʱˣ¾Ű׼ɳߣͻȻӵºĵ绰´ϰ壬¾仹Ƿǳӵģƽʱ֮ĹϵҲǲԷĺԺæ˽
绰ͨԺºͰľ¾˽ܡȻûֳĽǷǳģҲȥ
ºѻ˵Ժ¾һʲôѽò˻ˡгίǵֶ˳ͻһ֣гˣʵ˺ǵۡ
¾ʱº˵Ϲϵǰкģ㿴Űɣ
⻰Ժ¾޵˼ˣæڵ绰ͷ˵ܣ𣬱ѽղҲ˵ˣ֮ĹϵֻۿֵѽһҪֵָ·ѽ
º⻰Ժ¶һĨЦ⣬ԷȻֻһССɳⷽɽҲǷǳţܽöԷһ飬ֶΪأ
ͣԺºѹŵ绰˵гԹȥˣѵʲô뷨


һǧʮ Ѷ
¾Ժһղŵ˼άסˣֻʶίǺг֮˭ǿƣʱȻĹ۵ȥǡ
ίһ֣һûһֶֻӶѣгԹеĲ𣬺ȥˡ
¾˼ؿºһۣæ˵ܣ㱻ᣬҲ˼̫һ㣬ղŵǻһ˵ͷе㷢£ѽ
º⻰Ժ󣬵߰˷֣ɳһĶֵţģǰ־棬ӲãҲ֮СºûΪ¾֮ǰڵ绰˵ģ֮ĹϵǺܲģûбҪΪѶԷ
Ժºŵ绰˵Եһ£͹
ãã鷳ˣ¾ĵ˵
ƽʱ¾ǳעº֮Ĺϵ˵ԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ɳָԱʱ򣬾˵λܺίƵĹϵǱͨ·Ĺ۵ͶԷģ̬ʲôģȻû˵
֮ǰŬûа׷ѣôֵ⣬ºȻӦæ¾ԷЩ
§С̫õɳſڵʱ򣬸һ㣬ûӣ֮ĶҲΪ˸Եһһѹȷĵ绰ǲѾˣϾɳҲ̫ˡ
׼ֵʱɳſվ塢ˣһ⣬ǾǼļƳһۣˣ⼸λӦɳָԱ͸
ڳ˻죬ټи쵼壬ھ˽÷ǳһۿȥܴԷļɳļȻͣ򽻵Ļȴ࣬Զ˽⡣
ɳ浱ҵĶӭˣǴǸ绰һˣĻôôɺϵأ
ʶԺָ֮ǰûɿ§Сõ֣һ§˼ǲ׼ſˡ
С̫Ȼ󣬵˾оĶ仯ԺǸǽڶԷߣһģɽڶԷ߲£
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¾ɵӣǳҪǴõĻζʲôָԱȫ˹ƽʱҵĹϵڳ״ˣǵȻҪиͬͬˡ
¾֪ǺõʱͻȻһȣ̧ͷֻһϤ׳ǰȻע֮Ķʶģôڻȥ
Էһˬ֮ɫʱ¾һֲΪ̬ѾǵλеĲˡʶʱ¾ֻú亹ֱðУԲȥˣһҪ취ֲ
Ժ¾ԥˣҲίǵֶӻǶˣȻһҪ֮ѡǸֻܶԲˡ
¾һɪȵվˣʲôطҪҸɣװʮȻװˣƤˣǰɣ
¾ѾˣȻˣǾ͵úһ㣬һܳ׽Լ̶
£ͷϣȻίǵѾ˵绰ˣССɳȻˡ벻ȴת֮䷢˱仯ʵе֮⡣
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Ȼ˵ĻҲȥˣ¾֪˭ҿίǵֶӣҲң·ǲ봩ˡ
˵ֻǰһ漴ǵһ̧ȥֻ֮ǰǸŮ֪ʲôʱ϶һղŵǸԷ
һ㶣뷢쭣ߴһȡ
һѶȥܻ쵼㣡
¾ղŵĻԺ󣬲ŭϲߵֵ߳ɾȵ
һԺ̧ͷһۣ漴һЦɳҲǻͷȻ˵ǰͷϡ˵ôе˵ζĻɫҲûʲôǡġ
ɲίǵʲôˣֻˣôǾô˵ģСҪǵģ첽ǰѶҵķȥ
ߵŮ͵һƣˤȻǲˬ뷢쭣뵽˼ҲںοֻùԹԵѡ졣϶ͬ뷨Թվһߣûиҿڡ
ˣ¾ûзŹǣ˰ǴһѶҡ
һԺ¾һȥİ칫̸̬ˣôг˵ɲһССɳ顣
һ¾ıֻǱȽģ˰칫Ժ󣬼˵䣬ǶĿ϶ܹ˵ĻɲǼ׵顣
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º¾˼ƺ˵ûأĻһͻϢˡ
¾⻰ԺһһֶۣԷûκαʾˣԷأҲûʲôżˣ¡ֻǸС˼гţȻûʲôżˡ


һǧʮ 
ԼԺ¾칫ϵĵ绰ժ»Ͳιһ¾㾿ʲôȻǵֶӸˣҿǲˣ
⻰Ժ¾ͷ˵һ֮ǰѾ׼ˣµͷʱеβˡûôʱ̬Զ˶񣬿˵֣ҽͣġ
ˣ͹ˣҽˣһֱ˵Ǯɣߣ绰ͷٴش¾Ļ
֣ιι¾ߴæȻԷѾѵ绰ˣ͵Ļᶼûиٴһѹˣһû
¾˿Ȼһϻ̳Ͽֵı飬ȴ룬ģû㵽Ժҿôǳ˵ǮֻһίˣҲõݡ¾һ֮ĹϵŻ뷨
绰ĹλϿ¾ʵ
¾ǶԷķ֮䲻ǰλݣܺгƽƽģôƽͷأ
ɽϵֳָ˵Ǯأ¾Լػش
Ǯһʵ
ϵλǮʵûʲôӡֻ֪ôһˣһΧǮյ˲࣬ӡȽ
⻰Ժ¾ͷɽǮж˲гɶǡ
ǮǺ˽⣬ɽ¾ȴ֪úϵϵͳǿǳļǮۿηɽɳû߶Է·ɽڰ빫ĳпҪúġζԷǴŻˣ¾ȴһҲмֿԷЦ˼
¾ԽһʻĻᣬɽϵҩȴûȥԷԺһú÷ӵģʱг䵽гǿɱʲôҩҪ͡
Ǯӵĵ绰Ժɽȡϵ֮ĹϵһֱɽǮˣ飬ȻԼ˰æ
ɽ¾Ȼǣίǵֶӣ쳣˷ܣ˵¾ȻͷɽɳйأǼѡ
Ǯ˷ĻԺ󣬱ǲ׼Թȥģɽ˷ܵı⡣Է˶ظоĻڣôܷأ
Ǯһֱ߷·ȲѣĻᣬܺίֱȡϵӶĻǲɵ
˵ֻ̩ģںò׳һֶӣѽǧܴ
ԺǮͶɽ˵ɽѽڹֵңһȥɽɳ¹شһŲĻ룬ǧܵѽ
ɽ⻰Ժæص˵ͷ뵽绰ͷǮܿŶŻͲ˵˺üǡ
ɽǮĳǰڷɽɳſͣԺ󣬲ûмſӭǣǮɫʱͲÿˡղſɽԸ绰ģھȻһ㶯ûУⲻ˵ɽ
쵼ĶϣԼߵܸһ㣬λ԰ڷɽɳıֲǵ˵ɽһǮȻʲôɫˡ
ɽɽɳſӰҲûеʱ򣬾˺ݳһǵģϺͨͨģ̇ͷǮһۣԷϹȻһƬ
ɽ޲¾йݺݵѵһҪôȻҵԷҲ˲ˣǮһơ
Ǯ̧ǰͬʱ˵ɽѽʱൽ߿ھɲѽ
ɽȻ׶Է˵ʲô˼˵ͷԺ󣬻˵ʲôأ
ƣƣ
ɽǮ칫ߵʱЩСȫ㵽һߣЩ׼ŵģҲعͷȥˡǿܲʶǮɽһʶġԷһŭݣ˭Ҳùͷ
ЩСǲ˽ָԱͼλ˿̶ڰ칫ﲻǸղſǿгˣǸҲԳίǵֶӣǻӲϹͣǲŽջأ
ɴ뵽һȥ򣬵ǧҪЩ˵鷳ڣ
һֱߵ칫ſڣɽûмһ˹ӭӣ˿ͷĻǴȥˣ嶼мֲ֮Уɴ˿ɼĳ̶ȡ
칫ҵŽţɽŭ˼㣬̧ҽţþȫһźݺݵ˹ȥͬʱɽԺֳ︡¾ﰵģװƣھͺݺݵس֪Ķ
֮ǰ¾ҲųȥӭһӭɽǮģϾ˶ܵģһɫƵǶ뷨һֵĸֳ͸ûʲô˵ģҪǵɳϵλˣˡ


һǧʮ ɵ
ɽŵĶǮеˣɳҲмֲ㲻ɽѵһõĸӭһӭ˵Щ˵۾ͷϣһû
뷨ɽŵʱǮãԷһչʾĿռ䡣
һϺ¾ͻġءĴˣ˭Ҳ벻ֱɳ칫ҵţҲ̫һɣ
˻ʱɽѾڵߵŭغȵ¾ţǮ˶ܶҿɳǲˡ
ɽҲһϹӣƤһʹõӦ֡ᣬҪ¾ĺÿɱҲһҪԲٵرеɽ¡
ǮһҲɽһɳöԷûӣͬ޹ءɽ죬ʾһĲҲûʲôԡ
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¾ɽϱı仯Ͽȥ޶ԣʵȴֿ˻ﰵ̧ţôţһߵְȥ˰ɣװƣã
˿̣Ϊε˵ȻҪɽĪˣѾȫȷǰɳ֮ˣĵˣгһҪǰʺһȴýǧأô̧
ʱһīǳˡ
ǮһԺ󣬲ûɽ̨ʣﰵˬֱ̧Ӵ˽߱˵ֳҿǹֵ罨ܳѽͷҪúץһץ
ǮĻ˵Ժɽͷûлأһؿǰʶذɫһﰵղź̫һ㣬Ȼǰװˣǿ벻̡
뵽ԺǮͲٸɽˣǰһŭȵɽʲôأ潻飬Լȥ쵼ͣ
쵼ʲôѽǮ˵Ƕʶһɳ˵
˭ôô죿ǮԺһʺšڲ㲻㿪ˣϵĿ˵˲࣬Ϊ˵滹װƵġ
оԾǮæǰҪ˵֮˾˭ڵĽǶȱɽģ˵֮˵ӡ
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ţ˿ǮȴϾ˼Щϸ֦ĩڵˣǰھһҵʱͣ˽Ų΢΢˵гã벻ҲʧԶӭ
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Ǯ˿ҲתҪͽ᷽һҲֱͨӺǿߣ˿Ѿ˲ЩҪǰһعˣ롣
гȻѵɽȥûʲô£ʵ϶ԷɱأǮǳҪԷһ±˳
ԺǮԥˣǰһһһЦȻſ˵гǽӵίĵ绰Źģ벻Ҳð쵼
Ŷĸ飿һ˵
⻰ԺǮҪ޵ĸоﰵⲻίеڶ𣿾룬һ⻰˵Ǿûôĵӵġ
ݵԺǮ͵һ⣬г֪ʣǲʲô˼أ
뵽ԺǮֻȻʵĸоԷôȻ⣬˵ʲô˼ܲţֻҪնԷĻȥˣҪǵ⡣Ǯóֻҵ֮ǰǸ룬ز˹ȥ


һǧʮ ûʸ
ӵǮ绰ʱƣԷڵ绰澹Ȼ˵˵飬ҪԹһˡɴˣǮ»һĲ档С¶첻ףϰ壬ǲ췽ҹ̷
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ڻҲˣ³ĵȻǶġڷɽɳǵûҪ᾿ʲôȻǲеġ
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ϵɽɳʱѾˣƿ칫ţһȻţҲܳһ
ڷһ꺮ůԺһֻһ仰飬㿴ŰɣҺܾˡ
˵⻰Ժһȷκαʾվ˵ϸ磬߰ɣʱ䲻ˣӶˣǻǵأ
Ȼһô˵⣬վȥֻ֮ǰݺ˷һۡ
һоλҲԲõ
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¾⻰Ժæǰһ˵гģûͬ⣬˭Ҳ˴ߡ
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ܷѾ⣬ϰ㱨ˣ֮ǰȸһ飬ǾǾʲô飬ôһǣġ
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Ǯ⻰Ժ󣬿ﰵһأгôģ㲻ǸңίǵֶӺһìܣɽɳӰûпأһɾˡ
ģ˿Ķ˵ڣŭԶ׼ȻٸɻϽ͵顣
¾λ㱨⾿ô£Ǯ¾ŭ˵
Ǯ˿̵ǲˬ֮Ļҩζʮ㣬һ̯鶼ǰССɳǳģ޲ðѶԷ̻ˣ˵̬ôܺõأ
ǮıֿԷ鱾ҲǺһͿ˶Էһۡƽµģ鶼ûигϺţɵһ
ǮҪ֪˿̷ȻҪˡʱһˣɽһŰ߿ˣ龭ʱ䶼ûУͰгݺݵصˡأԷȻΪû˿ôԩˡ
¾ǮĻȻǲˬҲҲӣǰһ׼ľˡ
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ֳ¾֣ȻָָߵĿŵɳ
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¾Ժ󣬷ʾʲô飬ȫվһߵǮͷɽһ㡣
¾˽⵽ϸһ㱨
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ǮԺ󣬺ǲص˷һۣԹô飬㾹Ȼ˽ȥˣ̫е˵ȥˡ
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һǧʮ ûꣿ
Ƶ˼㣬ʱҲֱ˦ˡĻϰǶýһҲŹ
״Ժ󣬷¾˵鷳ȥһ¸鷳ˡ
⻰֮ڳ˶о𾪣ǮʱضһССɳ˿첻֪ʲô״һ񶼱һ㡣
¾ΪгߺⲻҪԶģڵƺ֮ܳ⡣Ǯ֮ǰЩ⣬һֱмӡ
˵ı쳣֮¾ҲˣѾ⣬վгˣǰλȻίǵ飬ҲþܰôȻҲûȥԷ
ĻԺ¾վŶԷһƣȻ󲻱˵Σ룡
˵ͷͬһơ
Ǯɽڷĺǰȥ˴˿ƣŽλ߽ίǵȦӣ˭֪ڷгˣǰµίǵ鷴䲻ǵģƵ˼㡣
˿Ѷֿ챻˵ĸоҪΪʲôģǴʼѶҲû˽
ʼʱдһ󣬿ɻûʶһͽ޹ľٶԺ󣬱Ŭϡ
ſ˶ԺǼſڴµģ֪ˣҳȥԺһ˰ЩȫȻҰҹҿǻˡ
⻰Ժ󣬷ɫһﰵͷԼ˶黹Ȼװƣ治֪ǳʲôġ
ˣС˵ע㣬ɳԺ󣬷˵˵ʲôԲѵĻҲҲס
߽ˣæ˵磬ڹˣ㿴˵Ȼѵ绰ңҪ绰ɽɳ˶ôţ棬ȻҰֶ
֮ǰǿˣڼԷԲʵ޿ˣŭȵˣ㻹ûꣿ
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ڼȻֹﲻˬҲ֪һˣĻԷԲһֿ˵ġ
ʶԺˣͷɥվһߡˣıǺٻϻˣȻҲûװƵʱˣֻйԹˡ
צˣоղŵǻе˶Էӣǰһļ£˵°ɣ˵˵ô£
οģҪʵ顣ղ¾Ȼ˽ܣϾǵˣֹ©ǾҪһġ
⻰Ժ¾˵Σ̸ȥҵԵʱ䲻ˣҲˡ
˵⻰Ժ󣬷ת뿪ǮɽһۣŻһε˳ȥлҪίǵֶӣǵȻˣɵվأ
˳ȥԺѶҵ۵һˡһض˵һҪʵʵ˵е鷳Ҳǳʲô԰ɣ
оӦѾʶе㲻ԣΪ㹻ӣĻ˵ûǱȽصģϣԷҪٱʲô˵һĻǿɾıˡ
֮ǰ뷨ĻԺˡ֮ǰ뵽ԷҲһڷıӡ֤֮ǰжϣ£ʲôĻǳԱ˳ˡ
漴ͽϸظһ飬ЩŵĻҲûκʶѾ˷룬Ȼ˵ĻȻκδˡ
ĻԺ󣬷Ƶ˼㣬ѶᣬȴȫߵĲԣһ㶼ԩҪһǱҲĻ»˵һ㣬һ޴ֵĸо
һ˼Ժ󣬷ӣ˵ұ㱨Ļ롣
⻰Ժһղ֮԰˵ϸϣܰ°ƽڶԷȴ˵һʵǲˬﰵҪǲ±֪绰ʲôֱӸ˼Ҵ绰ˣѵΪûĺ룿
ϵĲˬ֮飬Ժ˵Ҫʲô뷨ĻҾˡ֮Ĺϵ˵佻׵Ļ²Ҳ㣬Ǹﲻˣڲƽ㶮
⻰Ժ￩һ£ܺܲԸǿʵ磬Է˭Ȼô㶼㲻
㲻һֱҪҪʶһΪǿ𣿸ղѾˣֻ֪ѡ
⻰Ժһ׶Է˼ˣѿڶһ˵ҶǸһ
ںͷʱ˵һͷҪʶһ¶Էͷ·֪ģŻдһ˵
ĻԺ󣬷˼һԺȻ˵ղ˵ģֵλӦòǣñ͹Ĳǡ


һǧʮ ǿĶԲ
⻰Ժ󣬰˵ͷ֮ǰһϵǸһθоòҲ̫ԩ飬ίǵֶӲ˼ҿõһ֮
꣬ôôù
Ȼܴ˿ôģվŶԷ˵Ŀǰֻܾˣţϰ㱨һ£һô졣
˵⻰Ժ󣬷׼ȥ绰ˡˣæվ˵磬Ҵû£˰ϵȥҪñ˿ĻԺ̩лôѽҰֿ˵ߵģһ
ҸղŲǸһæʱһ£ѾСˡ˵⻰ԺҲķӦֱƿ˳ȥ
˿е벻ףϰǸôһƷֶе㻳̣ǲǿĴģ򣬾ŴĹдڱҲôѽ
ǿӵĵ绰֮ʱڳӴŮ̩пһѵþһڵġʱյǿҲʹ˽һԷͷ
һֱֶͷۣϾǴҵĺӣҲö˵ʲôȻ־ȫΪ磬֮ȴûκѪԵϵǣһ飬ǿǲ˿֮١
˵Ժǿپͷ綷ĸоǳһҲ֣ЩⶼСˡ
Ĺؼ¾һϹϵˣеͶˡ֮ĹϵȻȥʵϾα˴ﶼǿڻе㵣һ£Ļɾͱˡ
ĿοгѡˣҪڰ÷ĿԷĻίǵϿɾûʲôˡ
ʶԺǿԷ˵Сѽղ˵СҲ˶Էһ⣬Ǿ˭֣
ǿĿǰҪ£ֶֻӰǶ˵ˣ˵ǶΪҪڳʲôǶǺе˼ˣ֮ǰжԺһԶһ⣬͵úú˵˵ˡ
Ϊһ֮ڱð³֣Ȿûκ⣬ίǵֶʱǾе˲һ뷨ˡһСȻֵֻ֣ʣһĿģͨٶίǵȻ˵ĻǿȻҪе㿴ˡ
ǿǹٳ֣ת֮䣬ץס㡣ȥչĻϸҲһúýһġ˲ǹٳΪɻһ㣬һö֮ƻѵӦøĳһ
ǿ֮ʣߴ˷Ļϰ壬˲гһϵˣгƺԷΪܡ
ڻشϰʱ򣬷Ӧǳ죬˵Ժְ֮СѶûǿ绰ǰľͷϸһ顣
Ϊһ飬С΢ǺбҪģǸоʱҪôȥһ˼Ժ󣬷ҲʶϰԣһҲΪһͻƿڣ˵㹦
Ϊ˷ֹļɳ¾ȷһ£ֱȷ׼ȷʱŷġ
ϣǿŵ绰˳ظһ㡣֣ʶĸоһȴ벻Ķ
ϰĻԺ󣬷ʶϰϵĺǹעﲻɵмְϲæС˵ϰ壬һλ˵һ䣬ڵǳԷأҪǼǵòĻгķ˽֣ʡ̨ǺӦþܵķˡ
ǿ˵ֵʱԺ͵ظֳһʡίǺҢĹүͽϡǿ԰ٷ֮ٵȷϣʡ鳤ʱʮλʡ쵼ͥǷǳ˽ģҲǱ޿֮һɣǴ˵ġ
ã֪ˣ˵⻰ԺǿֱӹҶ˵绰
ߴæƲѣ֪ˣʲôѽҵȻ֪֪ˣڹؼøҸôѽ
һٶʮȴʲôҲ˵ڣٸϰ绰ϰĻشҲûеףĻԲһģɵĻشġϰֶӿɳأӦøżŶԡ
Ժ󣬷Ҳżˣǡ¾ѾѺзˣŶһȥԷˡǸ֣ٴҲ˵
һҲûǿҲеûףǣһĻǵð죬ƫƫһϳ棬òúÿһˡǿ³һķ鷿ҪϸȨһ£ΪһСµﺫҢŮʵûҪ
һ˼Ժǿ绰һ˹ȥ绰ͨԺ󣬹֮ǰ飬һҲûᣬֻ˵̩ˣһȫҾһۡ
һȻ֪Էô˵⣬ڵ绰ˬشӦ
˵Ժǿ˵һ䣬гѽ˵Ӧܺһ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ϵذֻϡ
ǿǿԷһԷƴһǵ̬ȷǳҲ͹ˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժǿ绰˹ȥֻ˵һ仰ȥǸ̬һҪϿҡ


һǧʮһ 
һڷǸһҲ⡣飬ô˵Ƕռģһڷɽɳ棬ǿҪ˳£ͷղڵ绰Էǵͷı֮һǸҲˡ
ʲô뷨ϵһ̸֧һ
Ҫ˵ʼʱ򣬴Ҷ֮Ͼոշ˭̫ࡣڵϣҪ˵һֻΪһĻϣҲš
̩ʡİ÷Ե֮һе뷨һӲ𣿡һ³һʵ
⻰Ժ׶Է˼ˣ÷裬ǿֻܷΧڵ飬һȻǿָֻŵġԷϾһ֣̬Ҳ̫ǿӲĻ˾ֻ˺ˡ⵵飬ǴͿˡ
һԺЦ˵ҿɰ˲С㿴ôлң
ֵ֮䣬˵Ļе̫𣿡һЦǺǵʵ
ϳĳŭ
ڶ磬һϷȥ˺̩СëëţĽӴСһѾϤ֣Ȼ֣뿪ʱĵߵģûи
˵ſڵʱ򣬱㿴˷ԷȻѾһˣǵʱȴһЦ⣬֮Ա
ȻڻûиһһŮݣϰдģǵȻһˡоϰ룬ҪԵǣһĿǰ£˵ϰںͶԷĽвûռʲôƣҲû·磬ûҪ˸Էӡ
ԪԺǿһѾˣһ˽Ժǿ飬ķҲһкϺֻ֣һΣһԼϴк
ĳϣ˵ʲôҲԸˣǿĻֲҲֻùԹԵظ˹ʶؾٷһᱻ֮ǣ˭ûἰ飬ѹûзƵġ
ƹѲ˹ζǸʲôг˵ʲô÷飬ɫʱջǵͷʾͬ⡣ЩһҲעֻҪǣУ˵ģûǸȥأ
һ뿪ʱǿһҽ͵ſڣȻͷ¥ͬȥˡ˱Ժųһ˵鵽ΪֹˣԣٺòϢ
һɵػصԪսţͿɳϣѾ뿪ˡﰵһã˿̣ͷĵһͷ֮󼪣ǿʱ̧ŵûˡ
ǿıԺ󣬷ŭ˼㣬ŭȵɵĺ£ҺӺòײŸ棬һ仰͸ˣͲǵ£
ҡ뿪ڣǿŭݣѡ˱졣
صɽׯԺһܲԴڴǶ˵ǿְֵ÷̵飬Բˣ벻޶ϷһȥɽξȻ¸ˣȻɿġ
ղھϣʡǵĺŵز˾Ϊ̩еİ÷̳һʱǿɫܲÿ
һһ㲻ĶԷ̬ȣȻˣǾǸ˼Ȼ˵ĻȻóʲô鶼һٷƽĻǴһʲôأ
ǿıûһʧݵԺͶԺŹ˾ĵʾ˻ӭ
ε鲻һвϣ϶ӵس˲ΪˣҲӦȥӦʱ򣬺ͶԷúʰһ١ھϿûٳԶԷĿһһٽԷ㶨
ݵһںܿȥˣ»ص˹״̬һʱ䣬һ˵Ƿǳؼʱڡ
齨Ժ󣬶ǱߵĵһͽˡҵǺĿʼΪˣȫȨŵܾ¿ҵԹ̩ͬʱʦ˸Ǹһ
Ϊ˰ʽãһͲ̹һϸ³̩͹ļƻ顣ܶİţ˻ǻģһЩСϸڣǻͿһĻ˵뱣֤κһ˿һĲ
ܴڹ˾̩½һY6أͬҲѾǩˣߵı̫Ļ˼ҿ϶ģĻ̩еİͼΪˡ
һ뿪֮ǰ¿ҵǺ˵ˣܹ˾Ǳߵǰظôһ㣬Ѿ׼δʮ֮ڣĹǳľ޴Ҳǰˡ
ܹ˾ĿǳԶ󣬵֮ǷǳģõһĶ˵ֻ̨Y6񡣶ټĴڼ˵˵Ƕ˵̽˼Ҷ̩ߵûףͨһʵսһ¡
һȻԷ⣬Ѳ̹һҪϷãǽӰ˵Ƿǳ޴ġ
ϼƻ飬һԲ̹˵ѽʱˣոոɣ°ӻĥڣѾһǱߣҪעųάĻϵѹˡ
˵Ժһ͵һ⣬漴ʵˣݼƻ˭ģѽ
̹ʻԺ˵죡


һǧʮ 
һ߲̹Ժվ׼ˮʱ˽һĶԺæɷ˵豭תһˮȥˡ
һɳԺһЦ˵ϺأҿɵѽҪñ˿гˮĻָʲôأԺҪעѽ
⻰ԺЦ˵гҪ˵ɱ˱ŵĻҵһҲģĻҲӦȱ㣬һ֣⣬Ҳǰ㵹ˮģ˼һ˵㿴г̫ɶˣȻøְ˲赹ˮ
һ⻰Ժһ㶣漴ЦЦ˵ѽԭ⣬ұ˵һллģڿȫʡˡ
⻰ԺҲڶԷĺЦ
Դ˴ĳԺ󣬺ŵһ̬벻ײͨһˮͰҪ뷨ˡ
ϳгλãҪĸлľһûжԷĻ¾Բ䵽ͷϡڼȻԸԳˣȻӦʾ
⻰һҪ˵̫¶ǣ˵϶ÿ뱾е㷢ѣ벻ȫӭжˡ
һһ̸֧ԷȻæϵĴʾл𡣺ղǸҪʲôһǳ⵽˾ˣԷٰʲôģɾеˡں̩ʵĶ֣עάԷ棬һǳ
һԺžһ˻ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲǶԶԷһء
½ʰ̹źȹĲ豭ʱ򣬲ſŶԷǸЦЦȥݲˡλгȽֻһ²ϰ칫ͻһˣԺʱٶҪһ㣬Ļ¡
һԺһʵϺأʲô¾ֱ˵㲻ҵİɣ
⻰ԺЦ˵ҪҪĻҲУֻҪǰҹҸ绰ˡ
⻰Ժ漴Ц
һҹҪ㱨һ¹ڰ÷跽飬죬ʡר飬ҪǺ͹ԴһڻϽʵʩҪһгͷֹܸĸгһϯ˵ҾеΣһ¡
֮ǰǰ÷쵼С鳤鳤λֱʩΪͺκţһϰԺõ˸ı䡣һǿͨԺ󣬰ѺҲΪ˸鳤
Ҫ֮ǰĻǿһӦģ˭鳤˵ȫνˡ֮ǰ֮ʩΪ鳤ҪΪ˷־ȫ°÷ĿڼȻѾӦһ̽ȥˣȻҲûҪˡ
κű鳤ûκȤ˵ϾḶֲ́ίָֻšڸ鳤ѡһ룬Ȼκ
ʩΪԴ˵ǺǿԲ˵ˣôҿأ˵ڵĻҲκáƱɻһѹأҪë˶ԷĻֱӵͰ棬ǲŽأùǧǮΣؼϢҪǴȥĻ֪Ķˡ
һѺΪ鳤ҪΪѹʩΪģ˵ĿǰǿѾûʲôˣ˳̵һ̣ҵġ
һ֮ԶԴŵģҪĸԭһѾӦԷˣʡί֯ʱ򣬴޿Ķ仹Ƿǳչ˵ģź־ƵĹϵΪ˵˻ģںḶ́ܲһ÷Ḷ́ԷһҲύһĴġ
顢ϵ⣬ĵһΪעġͨ÷Ľ裬ܹ¼۸أӶ׬֪顣¶һ˵ܽ˭лðôĳ㣬ԣԵΪҪˡ
һҲûΪǿǱߵʩͲе˼ԴźϤеףԶԷһ֪£˭ĽӦöơ
һϵ̻ڲ輸ϵʱʶˣŲŲƨɣӣԺ˵ʲôΣ˵
뿴һһԺ˵֮ǰӵ֪ͨҪֹܸгͳǽܵȾֵͬ־ϯոսӵĲ֪ͨȴҪ͹Դһгһϯ㲻е𣿡
һ⻰ԺΪȻص˵ͷʡ׼㰲÷Ե㹤̣ǴҶ֪飬ҴȥͿʼﱸˡ֮ǰҲλ飬ǹģģӦý뵽ʵʩ׶ˡ
˵׼Ӧúܳˣ£Ȼ˸ղź˵⵵飬ȷʵ˾е㲻⡣
Ҳܾú棬һȴһҲû¶˺һۣ˵Ϻѽ֪ͨô˵Ǿ׼ǸԸӦûʲôɣ
⻰Ժ¶˼Цݣ˵гѾҪʩΪͬ־ȥ飬ղŹ֮ǰҴһ绰˵ˣ糿Ӧó
һ⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷȻ󿪿˵ѹ滮óԺѺͬ־Ҳй˺úоһ£һҪ֤һʧ
һǰ̸µʱһʱģ˼ʩΪͬ־ϾҲǸ鳤ʲô¶ɣ̩а÷ʵʩ滮ξ䵽ļϡ


һǧʮ 
ղ˵µʱһȻװ⣬ǵȶԷ뿪Ժϱ֮ǰһڼǿֶǳ£òײűƵöԷͷҪʱʲô۶ӵĻһԣǱȽϾ޴ġ
ڵʱһûб¶ԭܼ򵥣ڶԷΨհģҪʱֳʲôĻǺôȥأһԴ˷ǳԲŻںı顣
˼ǰһԺһ绰Ŵ˹ȥԷΪˣҪϢһûκ⡣
ǿԷĵϣϺĵʱҲʾ˶̵˼÷ֻҪܵ˶ˡ
ϵԲ룬һһ㡣˺ϸĴѾȶˣĵؼпҷֵԺʱٽţһĻ⵹һ;
һԷ뷨Ժû˵ģֻǰѴź־֮Ĺϵ˽ܡɷΪΪµǮȥˣ˭һȫꡣΪ¿νǷѾĻˣҪʱһŵĻȻе㲻Ϲء
һĻԺ󣬱ûٶ˵ʲôˣŵǳ֮ǰ֮뷨ΪԴźһ˽ԺȻ뷨ˡ
һĻԺҲܾ֡һֱǳע죬Ǿ;帺µĸʡСһһֱûԷ˵Ҫ̩͹ԴһгϯҪ
˵ʡصĿ֮һ˵ףҲֻһĿطһĸгѾ㹻ˡһгǸȫ湤̵ģҪǱμӵĻǿеСˡ
Ժ󣬶һ˵һѽͲҪˣһ£ҪϢ˵Ļٺϵ
һ󣬵ӦҪȥĻȷʵе㲻̫㣬ȴʵĻǵκ⡣
ٽ°ʱ򣬴ŵĵ绰Ŵ˹һԷ˵ɽҪʱﲻɵÿһ¡
ѯʣű˵˵ôʲô⣬Ҳһ£ûнСӦ֪ȴԸ˵ӦλһѹҺ֮Ĺϵǲôġ
һ⻰Ժһû˵ˡŸѾˣԸ㲻ŵǾ˵ڷϢȻĻҲûбҪϹӵư׷ˡ
һհеĵ绰£Ƶ漴ű㱻ƿˣһǳɫװѩޱԺתϣ첽ߵһ칫ǰ
ŶԷСģһû˵ʲôأôһı飿
ѩޱ⻰Ժ΢΢һ죬ԴӺһϵԺÿνг칫ҵʱеЩƵĸоЦԼʣԲܸɻ£Ļһ׼¡
һ⻰Ժѩޱ϶ʱ͸˵ƻƵģ˶Էһۣ˵ʲôأʲô͵ģأߣ
͵ˣһ붼û룬ѿڶ
£⻰Ժһŷ⣬зǳ⣬ҪԽͣһӾ֪ôڲźá
ѩޱէһ⻰ʱͷҲסˣһıԺʶԷģֻΪղ˵ǻûԿǾſڻشˣϻˡ
ѩޱߵӣһæߵԷǰ˵ѩޱҡҲǸ˼ᣡ
ѩޱӡһһֱһɱϵӺ֮ǰԸԪںǿʱı֣öԷһȱ˵Ļʱ˷ʱ룬ʵǸ˼ʲô˼ѽô֪˵ʲô
һ⻰Ժ󣬸׼ٳԽͣԷǳһĨЦʱӦ˹ѩޱǹأ
״ԺͲںͶԷˣǰһ˵Ҿ㣬Ǹʲô˼
˵⻰ͬʱ͵һѽԷֻ»ɽ֮צ׼ȷ˶Էǰʵɽ塣ѩޱһԺʧȥ˷
һŻеŮ˿ǹ޵ֱıǿ꣬ʱ˿̣ò˵Ķˡͷֻһ뷨ǾǰѶԷŵȻʳ
ģȴûôȥİ칫ңʵֻţֻҪһ˹ظ÷֮ܡ
һѩޱĶߵ˵ҾȷŹˣϴװڴϵңһҪסñ˿ĵ³
һ⻰ԺѩޱҲһĻټ϶ԷǺгԵĶһ˲壬ˡоĳЩλ˿ѾʪһƬˣԷҪ뷨Ļһᳩͨġ
룬ҲǳʲôطһҪǱײƵĻ˿ɶˡҪܾԷɾʹһһ˵һӴн˳
һص칫ǰϰϵʱѩޱҲ˱ԷŪҵϵĺλûȴ⣬˻ѾʲôԾˡ
ѩޱʲôһһڶϵѩޱʵ
Դ˷ͬѰĹϵԺѩޱİ칫ˣʲôҪԹһĶø鳤


һǧʮ 
ѩޱһĻԺɫ΢΢һ죬Էղһ֣¸ˣæֱӣ˵һ죬ҷһбҪһ
Ŷ˵һش
ѩޱ֣µ˵Ҫһ΢΢һ֮ĹϵûʲôĻԷ˵ġ
ѩޱһ˵Դϴ˵˺λֶӵ飬ҾͶһۣǰʱǸк뿪̩ˣһʱȻֻˣλһˣ֮ǰǼкŮҲˣκһһˣҺм񡣡
һ⻰Ժеѩޱ˼˼пĸףҲ˵ǿĸ絽̩УȷʵһֵùעϢ
֮ǰһѾˣǿ֮Զڰ÷˹עпܾһѡ־ȫʱһֱڹԴǱߣҾݴ˵ǱߵǲһͲһڼͻȻ̩ԭˡ
ȻǿѾӦһ÷齻Ź˾ʱ־ȫͻȻе˾ˡȻ˵Ϊֵһ֣̽Է˳һҲ˵ùȥʡٿ÷רĽڹϣһ¡
ѩޱŶһĶѣãǰ˼ʱģҲ˵ֻǾشŶԷͷȴûɵðһʫ羰߶á
һ˼һԺ󣬻Ǻջ̧ͷѩޱ˵ѩޱллѽ֪ˣѵģǱߵעһ㣬עǲ̩ǹǱȥ
̩ǹ׼㰲÷ľص㣬Լʮӵĳ̣ͨǳҵļֵǳߡʱǳ⼸ĿǲŽصǶģҲｫƵ滮һ¡ϣͳһûзκεִ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬺ص˵ͷһܰ齻ȥ˵ٷ֮ٵΣ˵ˣºͻҲδþͻô˵
ѩޱ׼ת뿪ʱһС˵ҹȥأ𣿡
ѩޱԺ˵ͷȻ첽ȥˡɲϣ˷һİ칫˺ܳʱ䣬Ļָֻᴫʲô۶أ
ϴδµʱһҲţϾһ֮ʲôҲûУٴ֮εϢĻѩޱɾ޷̹Ȼˣ֮ʲô¶ˡʱоѩޱʱһ𶼾ĸо
ѩޱԺһﻹǺܸжģֻǰһڼǿֶ֮򵥸˶Է벻ȥˣעԷ
ղѩޱ˵ϢէһȥӦûʲôֵЩ鲻յ׽ҿһ̣˭ܿ϶˵˴֮ûйϵأ
ߵңһѩޱһλ˫¼ҡڿĶ̫ΧھӵĹעÿιһһ˶ûʲôϵء
һûʶԷĶģСѩޱǾܰ׵ģҪġ
˵һñȽϴæ⣬ÿιѩޱ˳ֵ׼Ҳ⡣ʱȥ˳һѵʳģĻ˵ǵļңڼﲻĵÿιҪֲ˺úһһ
һڹһ̩Ӧ⣬ǺҶԸһӾˣԷҲʳֻҪԱӾˡѵĻԵصļҳˣԺѩޱһʱÿζܴá
ȻĻĳҲÿιҪ£ĶΪ֮˵ﶼǳֻһ翵Ĵڣܶʱˣ֪һΣȴִ˲ƣ
ѩޱСϱһڳæղһһүһ㣬һ裬һ֧̣ڿɳζؿŵӡ
⵹һԸȥæûʲôԶ뷨ֻ˼ѩޱæĻ˵㲻ﻹһ㣬ԽԽæϴĳܵȥæժ˵ģժѩޱȥˣȻ˶û˼ˣֱȥˡ
ѩޱѹʱ򣬲ź⣬·һʱѾˣǳ˿ˡϣ˾һե˳
˵˱߳Է˽ģҲû÷жѳԣѩޱԺ󣬱ҲһˡպǵνһҪǸúй©֮ǿɾ군ˡ
һڿʡʱ򣬷ڵֻͻȻһȻǺĺ룬æ˽
ڵ绰һѾ˴֮ǰǸ֪ͨϵݣʡɽҪȥģ˵ôĿģҲˣǶԷҲеĿġ
һ벻뾹ȻһСϸģ֮ǰѾӴĶ֪Ϣװ֪ӿ϶˶Է
Ҷϵ绰ԺһؾðѺ붥ϸֵλȷʵһУʩΪλĻ޷ôʡģһҪɢһ־ȥԸȥȫͿ԰ʩΪѹסˣҪȥʲô˼ˡ
һûкͺģΪǱѩޱѾʾˡҶϵ绰Ժ˱æųˣԺ󣬱Ȳؽ˷䡣


һǧʮ Թ
ԺһͺųǽͷλֳһʡӦ졣ǵǶʱѾʮˣĵصӦʣѾΪʡһҪĹϵˣصĻ
翪ʼڶ绹һרֻᣬһúȰסȻˣҲûʲôżģȵ翪ʱ˵
ŵ֪һӦˣһ绰˼Ҫ˳ԶٷܻôѾҪ̩еİ÷ˡһߵĽѾˣ˻ý׼ᣬʹϤһ¡
˵ȻǺ⣬һ˵ȴʲôѡδʱʹߵ̫ĻԱίؾܾ˶ԷҪ
Ҳһˣ⻰Ժ룬׶Է˼ˡ·һѾˣ˵Ǳ߾ûзΪ˼Ȼ˵ĻҲûбҪһʱˡ
磬һͺλֳҵʱ򣬼ԴгʤѾˣǱ߹ȥһк
ʤʸгˣһ֮ǰͺʶȴûʲô飬ڵͷ֮ڰ÷飬֮˼ĬһһᣬʱˣŻصԵλϡ
һڽ᳡Ժ󣬾Ϳǰ泤εĻɽ֣ɵ΢΢һʡڴ»ǹģȻٻ᳡һɴᵽһ˿ͬѰζ
ҳ˽СʱɽʼղμӣٽҪȻ˵˺ܶ࣬ʵһ仰ٷ֮ٵָ֧ʡСĹ̩͹Դеİ÷裬ҹ˾뽨裬ܱ֤ܵƽ
һʤ⻰Ժ󣬾һ㶣˻һۣһľȻһжϳ֮ǰʤһҲϢĻһ顣
˵û֮ǰҲֻɽС֪е˵ĻǼпǿ
һоܺǿеϵĻɽƺûбҪһ֡˵Сˣһͨ־ƶҲ˽Ϊȫ˽⣬˵ΨɽհһҲΪĻڳ䵱һͲĽɫ
֮ǰڻݲһҲһЩ׼绰Фȥɽɳ˽һ£ǵʱû͸¶ǿɽĹϵʱСӿνǼͷ֪ʲôĻһ˵ġ
СɽĻԺһǾ֮ǰǸȷʵǺбҪġϢ̫ͻȻһ㣬һемֲǿɽ֮Ĺϵ֮ܽе飬˵ǿӰ쵽ɽڹеľϣһͲòȥоһ֮Ĺϵˡ
ͷ˼ɽľݣһûýȥԣѾҪˡ
ԺһԻؼҿΪûסӦʡȷʵ绰֣ϵˣϻؼң֮ǰȥһ´šϵϢҲ֪ˣҲе㲻һ绰һϵһ£˱ԼһȲ衣
һʹϵʱ򣬵֪ԷѾ¥ˣ˵͹
¥ڱ뽭۾ԶŻǺĵģǵһһҪؼңѡһҽϽĲ¥
һʱ򣬴ƷһС裬ȥģ֣һ߿һۡ
ϵ϶ڴ˵ӦûһӰġ棬һƵǿһ󲽣̩еİ÷ȫ¡һ䲼໹°ٷ֮ʮˣӰ첻ν󣬵ȴûһ㣬ɲһܴﵽġ
һԺ󣬴źǿæվӭȥ
˿һԺ󣬾ڶ֮ǰѾչˣԲʦݺòԺ󣬾˳ȥʱڰ棬̸¡
ŵһ̸֧һЦ˵һѽ벻ʡȻ̨һ˴۾ѽǺǣ
һ󣬲ûлشֻǸ͵ص˵ͷϵһֻ豭һڡһֱһȲֹ裬Ҳ⣬ζȻܴҲָоҲ͹¡
ſһһۣȻ˵һҾĻܺйϵ
Ŷһ̧ͷ˴һۡ
һڴŵܸⷬȤ˵ԣԹ塣ھУ鶼͸ھ⣬вӦñøŵ뷨
ŸղǻȻשƵģںһ֮е㹲ͬ˵˼ȻҴšһԺ󣬴˵Һ־ȫĶŶʲôӰ죬֮ǰڹԴ̩Ҫֳ̩һͬҪѹԴĹóһһĻһֳ䣬ûвӰ졣
һԺֻȻĸо֮ǰֻ̩УѹԴǱߵˣôһ˵ȷˡʡҪеİ÷趼ҹ˾뽨裬Ȼ־ȫĶ̩ܵһǴȻҲȥԴһƣǶ˵ֻʧ֮磬֮ɣܰˣʲôʵԵӰ졣
Ȼ漯ȷʵһ䣬ɽ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ϊأһʡ֮ԣ˽ĵģ㣬ֻҪעµ˶ܿó


һǧʮ 
Ĺоϻ硣Ȼɽ˽ģôġĶأֻҪ⣬һоͻӭжˡ
һ˳˼֮ǰֻԼظомֲԾھһѣ𰸾ͺ֮ˡ
ڻϹʩȻǽʱոճ̨ģ򲻿˭֪ȻϿСڸ𣬵ʩĳ̨˼˵ûʵһֱɽץģΪȥԷûбҪҲ˵»治һӡ
֮ǰûκףɽȴͻȻһˣò˻⡣ʱ֮ǰȷǰ죬ʡȴͻȻһ֪ͨҪһгλᣬڻȴҪ󣬽Щϵһ룬Ͳܷеŵˡ
̩гԱԺһӲǿó˰÷̣ԷʱӦҪĻȻе㲻̫ʡһҪ뻹ֵĻֻд취ˣڵ棬ڱ˷˵Ľ
һ˼ʱһֱûпڣֻǾƷŲ衣ЩΪˣʱģҺСйȽĽӴܺ׿óеŵһУҪЩô׵飬Ĭ
һüͷſƺ˵һѽЩ˲ѽΪ˲ǰƣӲų́棬°ƽмһһ˼ѽ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻеĲ豭ʹһɱ̬ƣϷƵʲôҲ
żһıֻǷǳĵģ⼸ԷѲյ°ˣԣȻٺòϢˡһ̩̣ԷʵԽǿԽһǿƵı֣͵ֵĸоζ̩нһ˳
һԺһûкʹ⣬ǾͽҪеİ÷ͶԷ˴̡һǿ⣬Ǿǰȫ㿴ȥܼ򵥣Ҫȴô׵ġ
һ˵ΪҪеһ⣬г쵼С鳤óԲ˶ߣɲأڹ̿ʼ֮ǰʹǿ⡣
Ȼһе뷨ظ֤һ鷳
һԺһվˣҲû֮ĹϵǶЩ˵ֱ̫ˣԵеˡ
ܶԴ֮ǰ˵е㲻ΪȻһȴһ뷨ǿȻش¼棬Ӱ쵽ɽ֮便ʲôϵֵ˹עˡ
һǿ֮⣬׻˵֪֪˷ܰսʤڶԶԷĵһֲ֪̤ʵĸо
ǿθôĶҪΪƣһ˵ʲô˵顣´ռƵ£ٽɽһ³ǻܲ
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Фӵһĵ绰Ժ󣬺ǲ죬ԷͼԺ͸е㲻ˡ죬һֻһ˵û̫ϣ벻ԷȻʱͻȻ⵹еֲ
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Ƚϸӣ绰˵ȥԺ˵һ˵
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ǲǺйϵ֣ʵ
ɷ̩УǱߵǱȽϹעģҲ֪ίǺԼϹԸԲŻɴһʡ
һ󣬵˵ͷ漴Ͱѽ쿪ԼʹŵĽ򵥵ظӡ˵˵£ӼȻ֪һߣ˵ĻǶԷһûס
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֣ɷ򣬹еʵҪҪǲҪ¬ϵһ£һԷҪǡ
һ⻰Ժҡҡͷ˵û£Ȿûʲô˵ģôҲҴһƽ֣¬ǱߵѹҲСûҪ鷳ˡ
֣⻰ԺɷһۣȻص˵ͷ


һǧʮ 
ڶ磬Ժһź˼򵥳һ緹Ժ󣬾͸ϻ̩λֳŻɢԺʡǹһ䣬㶫ڿһͺ뼱ҴҵҪȥĶ뷨æظںϡ
ص̩ԺһФȡϵ֪¾˶Էİ칫ԺǱֱӽ˹֡
ڰ·ϵʱѾФϵˡԷ˵¾һԺһ㷢֣ѾöԷˡһ˿̵ȻκԥˣʱȲֱȥ֡
һ֮ûФ¾ȥİ칫ңǲ̫ĶĻ˵ĹעҪǿ֪һڲȻ᲻ʹ죬Ļ£һĳ֡
빫ֵʱһǳ͵ҲûФſӭӣ֮ǰڵ绰͹պ˵ġ
¥ݿԺһФ¾һվǣ֮ǰһѾйˣҪӭӣϾһ֮еһҲ٣Фһİ취
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Сܳ⣬һǸ֪ˣһΪ˱ţһ̸֧Է
ǿᾯôҲ뵽гȻ̣һǶֽ֪ӹã˵á
Фӹһݹ̣˦ǿ˵гģţв̵ģ
⻰Ժǿ¶һЦ
¾ֱһФԺǿæҵظԼ̣ССسһԺ̧ͷ˿һФλ쵼ûйעԺŷ
Ф˵ѩ׵̻ңһ˵гϴڷɽɳʱſڿ˵һЩûûСĻΪ˷ֹй쵼ҪӰ죬㱨
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ûпڣֻ΢΢˵ͷФô˵Ϊ˰ΣһĻ¾ᾯһС˵©죬Ҳûʲô⡣
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Ф˵⻰Ժ󣬳¾ʹһɫȻ󿪿˵Ƿ飬гһ㱨
⻰Ժ¾æվһһȻ˵гǾֳ£һڼ䷢Ǽϸһ£Ǹ˵Ļ⣬٣쵼ͬ־һӰ죬Ϊˣǽ㱨
һһԺ⣬֮ǰ¾վӣøУ⻰ӵĸо֪
Ф¾ĻԺҲǳ⣬Է䡰Ǿֳ¡ɰһǰ˹˵֮ĹϵҪȥ¾ɲ֪Ƕ֮Ĺϵڴ£ԷԵúбҪˡ
һ£һֻ֮ͨ¼ϵ¾仰пܰгһǳõӡǻǮҲ򲻵ġ
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ŶһŶһȥǶ¾˵ǻʣ۾ȴǸǿᾯ졣
ǿһ¾Է΢΢˵ͷ㿪˵гģһ˵к̨˵ڹһð˴ΰ̧ȥʵˣǱ˵һ䣬ίΣǵĿгʱųȥˣ˴Σҿǳ˵Ρ
˵Ժǿ̧ͷһһⷬǵöԷˣĻɾ鷳ˡһϲǿŷ˵ҵĻԺһ㶣漴˵гôʡֵܣڻʡ˭ܰô
⻰Ҳһ䣬Ǵţݸ壬ʡôֵأ
ҵĻԺЦ˵ǵүʱ͵ģʵӦ˵˶֪
ǿĻԺֳһƬŵСһФϢסˣǶû뵽һȻ˵ģδؾ£Ըڱ˼ҵʱ˵Ļʮа˾żٲˡ
ҪĻǿɾ鷳ˣһﰵ


һǧʮ Է
һʱ˽Ժһڸڷɽɳ˵ǷȻΪǻֻǶԷſڿӣźǣԺǿɽ֮ȷʵֵܡһúмΣһĻһҲ˳ˡ
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һУ֮ûʲôϵĻе˵ȥһҵյĴ𰸣˵мΣ黹ǲġô˵ԷĹϵһֱţֻѣͨĿ˽⵽ʵԣȻǺˡ
Ϣ̽ʵԺһ˭û˵ֻĴһ绰־ƣŶԷ¸¬ģûҪһˡһ֮Դ绰־ƣ¬ǲöԷΪ·ǳ⣬ĻԷܻһЩ뷨ɲϣġ
ǿĺ̨ǳǿһҲþΪгֻҪԼڵˣ˵ʡֵܣʡίǵľӣжĹϵأ
뷨Ժһŵÿֽˡһ̯⣬ĹĻڰ÷档
÷飬ʡ￪ᣬҪͽ뵽ʵʩ׶ˣʱ˵Ϊæµġбͷȴ£ֻҪһˣĹȻпȥֻҪصļܹˡ
ȻкץһҲ˿иǳķ־ȫĲԺСǧܳκβĻ롣
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˭֪˼ϵشԲû˸ں海ʲôŵġ̩άͥºģΪͶľѳһ֪ϢԺ󣬺ǿģ˸绰ȥ
κŲ֪˽⵽˻άͥĶ򣬻ǸоĿҪԣҲȺιȥ˽ʾ֧֡
³˵̩е£˵̩ûʲôϵϾҪΪӸģκΪίί̩ίǣʾһ¹עҲ֮е顣
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ŴҰգܿյͣһֻöµûšԶĻѹǳݣսҲˣۿ꽫糿Ժ˾;̣ٽҪˣ
һеڴⳡ꣬˵һһ䲻ָһӽʮٽ˯һþ
˵ڲܼǰ칫װʵĿյôȣһӰҲ󣬵ȴϲϰϰ磬㣬ĸƷƵĿյҲġ
뵽һĻʱǰ֣سȹһһֵҹĸ硢ãһΧСǰһļţνڡ
뵽ʱԺ͵һ漴ǸֽɵĻĹĶ棬һƯŮųڹ˾ͥѧУ֮䣬εȵæµ࣬˵Ǽѡ
ŷǼǿģһ֮ǰٵʱѶӴڷż֮ǰȴһ绰ܾҪ󡣾ɷǳǣǿһôģʲôҲû˵ֻһӦ¡
ܿдӦŷٵٲһȴѾ¶˾ģô˵Ҫĸһ㲻֮ĹϵҪøĸ֪ǻһϱ㣬һѾ¶ˣΪ˸һЩۣҲˡ
һӺܳҪǵȥԣҲ̫ˣʱһѵĻȵ뷢԰֮ʣγҲһݰû֮⡣
һվλھ¥İ칫˼ȴƮǧ֮ĶУããûлعֱֻͻȻ
һһԺ˴漴칫ҵλȥֻԺƳһĺ룬½Ժ󣬾ͽ˶ߣȻ󿪿˵ι裬𣿡
û¾Ͳܸ绰˵𣿺ߣڵ绰ͷС죬ǲˬ˵
һ⻰Ժ󣬴󺹲ѣæֻ˵Ҳ˼ᣬֻǵ㣬Բʶʵġ
⻰Ժ󣬿һЦŽ˵ˣȻ˵ĻҾͲƽˡղűϷҳԷˣˡ
Уû⣬˵ˣǶʮҲû⡣һˬ˵
Ǻã˵ˣ룬ʱһľϲڵ绰ͷص˵˵ˣݰݣ
һ˵һݰݣ绰ͷѾæЦҡҡͷҲȡ


һǧʮ 
һҶϵ绰ԺȷʵжʱûϵˣԷԶٷҲ֮е飬Է˵˵е⡣ĪСӽˣ
뵽ʱһһ漴ɬɬĸоӿͷȻһֱȥѰԼҸһĽٵʱﻹеµûšѾϰֶԷһĬĬӺӦ죬ٵڵ̩͵طһмΪ̵ʱͷǷʧв֪˳
˶˽ģϣ˭⣬һҲǡ׻˵˲Ϊ𣬾ܺܶ˲Ըʵȴ͹۴š
һôһ˲ʧ񣬵漴˹Ӱ칫ϵ̺һ֧̣Ȼžһ˻
Ҳãʱе㲻֪롣һ
һֱܴ˽һǳϵˣΨ棬ԵѶϡԥԷһŮҲԷһֱԾǷµծѾ٣ʵûٽںˣһжȥҲΪ·γҲһֽѡ
һοԼӽӵĵ绰ԺҲ޷񣬶˵ңһûһͷĹ˵ԣ
һ°࣬һȥ֮ǰѾ°ԺҪ죬ԼöԷֱӻȥˡ֪ʱ䶼еæ׼ڹʱٰ켯Ϊѯ˾׼һ飬ϰĵȻʾ֧֡
˵˫ļ˶֪Ĺ⣬ѲѴ󲿷鶼ǳе˹ȥһЩҪΪģһֻҪûʲô飬ͷ˵ļˡ
˵֮ǰ˵ʱ룬Ҳӵĳ̣һǾȥں֮ƣڶԷѴˣȻóӳôðš
һԺ󣬹ȻûмӰ˶ԷԺһƯӭһ䲻İ벻СӵҲ֪ߣ⿪һ䣬⻹еһ֮⡣ӡУһֱǴֵģʲôʱˡ
뵽ʱһͷûɵһᣬΪָоһ̡֧Ȼ˭֪кһִ˲ƣҪһԭڣκʱңһ˿ʧ֮ʱҪԺһԼʧǵıֿɲʲô顣
һֻⷭʱ⴫ƵǸ߸Ьû֪ˣֵǣΪʲôȥ򣬻еҡղ˵ѹѵѣˡ
ʶʱһæе̵̻ҸȻվ˭𵶵ܹ鲻Ǵ֮һվһ˲䣬͸ĥɰŮˣǰ棬һ俴˭ȴʶĸо
һɻ󲻽ʱƿ˲ţһѾˣ⣬Ц˵һ㾹ȻѾˣһ׼һϲأڿԣͣԣȻ
˵ʱ͵سӰһֹͣĶһЦؿһ
һʽĶÿЦã֪Է«ʲôҩб˶Էһۣ˵ѽ裬첻ĵӱˣ粻һȻԲѵֱҿǳˣȲƽϣ㵲ſڣÿ˽Ķô͵ģ
һһ㣬ŶԷĶʼһ㣬˵ʱϾ΢Ц
迪ŵķԱһ΢ЦԺ͵ǰ˵ˡ֮ǰԷʱ;е죬ڶԷһЦͳֵ̩һ޶ټϸղǸŮƺΪһⲻ̩гһ˭
һֱ̩λгĶӾͲ٣ʲô㾭õѽƷǰгʼٸߵȵȣ벻ˣȥԺԺú԰һ˭СԱ
뵽ʱŮͶȥĽһƳҪһôţĸ磬Ҳźˡ
һĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦȻ˵ҾͲô
һ޿κ֮ʣͻȻһŮ裬ˣһң
һûһɫӰ߽˰䡣һķƯŮˣɫ˿ȹȹڴһȦ׵ȹߣϵһɫһɰСῴȥۡ
ǸƯķԱǰ˵ݣ֪ȤشšЩ飬֪Ϊ
һǰϤмȣ˵ܿôˣôǰкҺȥѽ
Լҹģ˵Ҫһϲǰ㡣ܿ͵ͬʱһһۡ
òܿˣһ˿̺мĶһվڣҲʲôǵľٶʳָ£Ȼ˵裬ԽԽˣ
״б˶ԷһۣȻԼܿ˵ܿ㣬ǲĳͣǼĵ㣬ԲĻһȥҹ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ƶӣȴһҲûУֻúݺݵص˶Էһۡ


һǧʮһ ˼
ٷһԵúǿģԭ򣬵ȻͼܿĵкܴϵŮʼһƺ󣬵Ǳ÷һĻԺ˶ûкڣ̹ȻԡȻɺߵӦٵ̩һȦ֮ϵȴûжϹֻ̩ԺȽ϶࣬ټϹְԽԽߣСĽ࣬ʹ֮жʱûһˡ
һʲôʱȥĸʱ˳ȥһ¼ܿҲŮˣ˵ĿеĵλŷȣǷȱҲϲɵġ벻󻮵ʱ򣬶ԷͻȻ̩⵽ú⣬ͬʱҲǳϲ
˵һϢҲû͸еֲɷε˵ԷҪһϲĿȷʵﵽˡ
ڰ˺ܾãͼܿ˾ֵֻСһ㣬һֱߴߴͣһֻǳ䵱һڣֻеʱ򣬲ŻԵػش䡣
һע⵽ܿں˵ʱһ˫ˮĴ۾ʱʱ͵һȻҲоˣȴҺӣпʲôԾܿıһ֣棬вܲ˵˼յྶͥ
뵽ѾܳʱûмˣܿһӿƲסƺҲ֮С޵ļκͼܿӵĻﰵŶԷʹɫ˼һ㣬Ҫ迴֮Ĺϵ
һıֿȫ֮ǰܿ˵һˡ˵һֱָоǾһͼ֮ܿйϵɵ̹ܿһеʱ־е㲻ţڿһıԺǲҲˡ
˵֮ǰҡĻһ̿ʼѾ¶ˡܿӺϵ̩һһ˼֮⣬Ϊ˰ģʵڲӦùѵһƬġ
뵽ʱճƬƣģǳǳģޣ˺ߵŮһڷµһ˲䣬ǡɿﲻɵһǰ͸Ĺӣһξߢģ
һ˿ǽĿ绨ƿˡѾˣһһҪúһ㼾ֲܿôʱԶԷĿǷúܺãֻ⣬ͼ֮ܿǿ϶ĳЩ飬취С֧
ͼ֮ܿһģΪżܿףܷ֮ϵܿǴſ̩ģ£Ȼ̫СѾͷ֧źۼİ취
ϵĺƿʱһʱ뷨ƣֱþưѶԷŵ´ܴﵽĿģֲԷľҲֻܹ־Լ̫ǳ
붨ˣΧĻʱһейˡϵ¿һڲ֣ͬĶλһȺλԽϸߡжΪֻһ˽мں˵黰ڰ棬Ҳû˿һƿţġ⵹ǮǮ⣬ǹϵһ˵ԼƷζ
һֱһϲͺ֮ĵطƷĿζҲˣһʳˣؼǾ÷Ųֽţŵģ˺ܲˬ
˶Ůһۣһʱ˵ܿѵùҺҲжʱûˣɣ극Ժȥ裬Ǻúֺֺǣ裬㿴ô
νֻҪ˸ǮˡЦŴ
ϿȥشúѣһνļƣȴǲȻеֱĵ˼
֮ǰͼܿõģҲǳ극Ժȥ裬صѡˣٽ̩԰¸ǣǶոտҵûãЧãҸЧҲܲټһ⣬ЩϵĻ͵һ㣬עĿŻѡ
ûüڣһȴ飬һͬʱҲеţĶԷǲǿ͸ǵļƻŹ˵һĻԺ󣬲ûʾŷˡ
ȥ뷨ҲͳԵÿˣʵʱѾˣľ̸˵أ顣ʮԺһ÷Ա򵥣ȻʹŮ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱһûпԼĳ֮ǰΪѹҲ˼ɣȴô£ͲòˡɣɾͷڰſڣֱС顣ܿڸʻλϣһȻֻںˡ
ϳԺֻһֱǿ꣬һʶһڣģģֱ治㻹ˮ˵軹Ǽܿ߼֮֮һź
ܿ͸ڲ·ƹ⣬ĵ̧ͷһֻۣԷߺ죬ŷ̵ֶ΢΢мֲɴ˿ɼеĽšܿмֺЦΪй¶ǵļƻֻǿš
˿ʮͰˮϰµģ֮ǰεĳҪˣﻹǲܿĿԺԶ˶
Ҳ㣬ֻͱмǲ㴰ֽιǰֽͱƵģģһҡ뵽ʱ򣬼ܿ˵ĻɵĴ


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ܿ⻰Ժ󣬳ʹһɫ˵ͷߵͨ죬ټǶǡ
һͷ󶯣һԺǰĿתƵ˼ܿϡո˵һץУǲʵʵڵġܺͼܿȣĳЩܸΪɫ˿һȴע˼ܿϣϾ˵ץеһ롣
˸һԺ費֪Ϊߣܹݵ뷨ߵ㳪ǰæŵȥˡ
һһƣ˵Է뿪ԺԺͼܿüȥģСû⣬ȻռĿꡣΪ˽ԸһֻжԲסƵˡ
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ܿȻһʲô⣬վȥҲ׼һеģ벻һǰ潫ʹ˳ֵһ˳ˮˡ
֮ܿҪ裬˲񿴵Էһ쵽üչ⣬ҲΪԼǳһоһϯ֮أ̾жӰΣһҲûС
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迴˼ܿɫȴ׼ƶĲȥˡܿ㣬ȥɣҲˣҸȾأ磬ɱ˵һ˾Ʊ
һ˿ҲǺ죬˵УһݡܿҲˣһȾơ
ܿ⻰Ժæ˵Ȱɣѵ̵Ļᣬҳ裬ȣ
˵⻰Ժ󣬼ܿݵһۣתȥˡ֪Сӷʲô裬õ飬һתͷͲǵˣһؽźͶԷƴơ
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ճ˴Ժ󣬼ܿ¸ǵҲһұݣԥطŶԷ˽ȥ
ڵ״̬Ķȥʣȥǣһ̫Уð죬ȥһǣǲУָʲô鷳أסùòѡˡ
ǰ̨＾ܿԺñһ˹ȥܿһһ218һӣȥˡ
ӱȥ¸ǵĹУܿģʱʶһƯŮһڸǶôΣյ飬ټϴʱȶ˾ơҪǷʲôĻǲ롣
ղ֮Ȱһ͵ΪǵݡΪڵһԱǳһЩ޹ؽҪϸڣ˵޷صѡΪ˱ⷢ⣬Ȱһġ
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ܿ¿ķ䣬һˮԺ󣬱ȥһԺҲȷʵеˡ˯Ժһܷ֮飬˯ȫˡ
һԺ󣬼ֻܿȵĸоⱾҹȴԲˣ⣬ֻеȵһˡ뵽軹ܵóԸĻǼܿΪеϧ
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ԷҡҡͷԺֵ˵ͷһ֪ˣԷҲ̫״̬ضֱӦԺŴ󿪴


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ܿĵһ˾޴ľϲǺ贺һȡ֮ǰһأɵЩ˳µķԺû֮ǰЩ뷨һֱ롰裬Яֹɽ֮ʱҲͲڴһ˵ˡ
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ܿһֱʱ䣬ֱյ뿪ߵģһִⲻϣûʻɣͶԷغ
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ǰ漸δӵ绰Ժһ˭Էǿȥɲȥĳӣν
һδӵ绰󷭵ʱطֲ̹ĸһȻҹʮʱһһ˵һǳˣĻ̹Ųʱ绰
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һ⻰ԺԻһ㣬Ӳ̹ŵ仰в˵ˣҲҲСûеʰĵز̹űֻܴе׼ԲŴ绰ʾġ
˵Ĺһ˲ڹٳһû̹ŸղǼ򵥵һ仰̫ϢһֻҪһе˼
֮ĳڹγɵĬ⣬Ҫǲ̹ŵ仰ȸһˣȻ˵еò⣬˼Ҳ̫ģǣһЩˣʹ˼ɡ
˽˶Է˼Ժһ˵ֻûˣһȥˣҲɣһ¡
һûʾʲô飬෴ֻػһ򵥽͡϶ڵ绰˵ҲաֻͨԷһͣҪΪ̹ŸгݣҲӪĵɽøػҪģá


һǧʮ ˲
һ칫ſڵʱµ˵һϰ磬Ȼ˵гѾˣİ칫أ
⻰Ժһ˵ͷʾ֪顣¼ҲͲٿˣϰĲ豭ݲȥˡ
һƿŵʱ򣬼̹վϵĻ֮ǰ˵ĻԷˣŻд˶
ڲ̹ŵļԺһɵʵôˣʲôùͬ־Ϊѣ
̹⻰ԺڨЦ˵гЦˣ˵ﻹеûףѰѹء
һŶԷһƣһƤɳ¡˵˵ô£һ˵ߵһ̸֧̹š
̹ŽӹԺ󣬸׼Ϊһ𣬶߱㴫žһԷѵϻˡһ³һЦǺǵؿŲ̹š
̹ΪԼϻԺ󣬿һһۣȻ˵гôһ£ʱ䳧ȽæǱ߶ʱ俨úܽΪ˷ֹ⣬ʱ䣬϶ҪӰൽʮҡ̨˵䲻̫࣬Ͼ߲ŸոԴﶼеûס
һԺ󣬳ŶԷص˵ͷʾԷ˼ʱ䣬̹ų˲ٵ࣬æµӰԿոճĴֹгںæƨɲʵģĹԼͨ˵ѹǿ֪ˡ
̹ͣԺ󣬼˵Ϊ߹Чʣά롢ֵ࣬һʱŬЧǺܲġǰϣֵֵ࣬ȴû׼ʱڳʱǡɳĵӦ⣬ڴʱʹʮ̨εķܵ˺ܴӰ죬ϡ
˵ʱ򣬲̹Ŷ輸ϵĲ豭һڣһûпڣ˵·Ժûмʱܾ㱨ǻͬ£ֱϳά֪£һ㱨Ժеò⣬г
̹˵Ժ󣬱㲻ٿˣɳϳ˵Ļ˵ˣҪľöˡ
һ̹ŵĻԺüͷһʱʱ򣬲̹žͲ̫ͬ⣬Ϊֶ֧ԷŵΡŶ೤ʱ䣬Էǳ飬˿̶ֱ˳һƵĸоֻġ
һ룬ûǳŲ̹ŷʵţµӰ󲻴󣬻᲻Ӱ쵽յĽ
̹֮ǰȻֵ˽⣬һĻԺ˵гģ˵ʧʮ̨ӣҲڶԽӰ죬˵ʮ̨Ҳȫˡ
̹ʵǵسſ͹ʵûпҲûСûκⲻ٩٩̸ʱ
һ⻰ԺԶһָģˮʱ򣬾ڽʱϳ⣬ǶܲǱ߿ܶпõӡһγɣԺҪŤתĻǿɾȥˣټｹһԹŰƣòԴ
ڼȻ¶ڽʱ䲢ûӰ죬һִһĸоʣҪ飬ǽ⡣һ΢ںͼίǿ֮йϵһͲòضԴˣҲǲ̹ʼƵԭڡ
ڣһǿмųгĿο÷ľѾ֪ˡ£ȡίϸƱͳһҪء
ϴںγɸг⣬ҪǿվһߣյĽΣ治̫˵ǿггίϵһƱ⣬ίŵԣҲһҪһҪ档
һ˼Ժһеˡ˲̹һۣһʵε˼ڲ⣬ǲ
֪Ժά´˷˵洦Ǽûйϵ̹Żش
һص˵ͷò˵̹ŵжȻǺܸߵġһƶ£ͷģڻûмʹ¹ʣҪǴȥĻȻһϵ£ϵضס˳ά졣
̹Ժֲ˵¾ڼ棬֪ҲԣΪڸ֮࣬ǰ˴Ĺά֪ҵ˼ԺҲһЩԲûɢ
һ̹ŵĻ㱨Ժ룬˵УȻ˵Ļ̸һ̸Ȼʲô£Ź˾ոճЩõͷһҪʱϣ븺вж쵼Ρ
⻰Ժ󣬲̹ˣһ׼һӸǿĻҪľͲǽֻ쵼ˡ
У֪ôȥˡ̹Ÿɾػش
һ룬ֲ²δʱ̬һ㣬ºúôһ
⻰Ժ󣬲̹ص˵ͷ
һ䲻ǿ֮ʲôϵĹؼʱ̣ܳΪкɴ˿ɼ֮佻鲻ǳ飬һԲ̹֮ǰһָʾҲΪ˸ǿ
ͷ˭Ҳǻ׷棬Ȼ֦׳ȥˣǵȻҪöԷ֪ɣһٺòĴˡѹһл룬һò̹ŸһѹһĻͱҪȥǿ
˵ףϼһ̹ųյĿľΪСϺףҪǿ̬һ֪ǿ֮ǰΪкˣأ벻˶ɡ


һǧʮ ǲ
һղ֮ϸ˽֪ǿû֪أڿԷӦû֪أĻһֱּĬ̹Ƽģڳˣ˵һ˵
һɴ룬ĿǰΪֹ뻹ûȫģΪⲢʲô˵飬Ҫȥ鷳ǿڣһò̹ȥƶԷĻ룬Ȼסˡ
ǿίίƹżίĲţԼս̫бҪˡ˵֮ǰһЩ飬ǿʾ֧֣һǳ⻹ԶԶҪǿ֧֣Ŭ
̹Ÿһ˼Ժûжֱͣվ뿪һİ칫ҡ³ķӰܻһڵͷͬôˣȻ֮ˡ
̹ſɲϣΪһС£Ӱ˴ҵĸɾǳά˱ͶڳˣҪʲôûеĻһܲþġϾ¹˾Ÿոճҵ۾ôģֻиģ⹤°빦
ص칫Ժ󣬲̹ű绰ά˹ȥöԷ֪ͨ絽İ칫Ϊʲôóά֪ͨΪʲôٹɺܼ򵥣̹ͨԷʩһѹڶôһ˵һҡͺðˡ
ʱһձĸоڷҪǵùǺˮϣͼһԷԺ󣬱׼ȥˡ˵֮ǰʱ˼ɣڵļŹ˾棬еСġ
û˱ܵλôģҪŵıڹؼʱ̰ڣͱ߳ˡ
ҪһʱЩѽ˵һһĻúûӡһԺֻͬƣݸߡ
ʱǣݸҲһСʱʱ䣬Ӧòôùʱ棬˾ͳˡ
εʷǣǧҪнĻΪ˸صĴۡ
ٴ֤仰ϴ赽˾ȥʱѾˡ뷽跨ֲڳĳΡ˽ˣûв͸ǽοʮ̨͵ķˣջǱά֪ˡ
Ⲣʲô˵飬Ҳ̸д˵ʲôģ˭֪õϢǳάͱȥˡúܲҪȥһŵľ˾ˣе㵣Ϣ׼ȷԡֻ󴫣Ϲӵơ׷ˡ
ǳŵǸ˾˿ɲô˵ˣҲǺһֱڼίϵͳְڸովμίǵʱǿͰýϽټһ𣬱ҳԷףĸʵȴô¡Եһʱ򣬾˾˾ͳԺ˭ҪǴŰ£ֻҪ֪Ϣ
ʱǿĻе㲻ΪȻϵĻȻҪ˵Ưһ㣬˵ôǾһˡұϾݣϹͷŽأ
ڴҲΪȻʱһݼҵСΪܶŹɳͰǿƬ˳ɳеûף־쵼㱨£־ҲǱоֻ㱨
һһϱǿ֪顣ָʾǣôô죬ºûκιϵ
ԺҲû˸ҿǿˡ뱾һߵˣҲҰǿŮó˵£һֱҶ֪һϵ
Ƶʱʵûа취ˣȥ˵ġΪȷһʧһȥġǿӦһʣǺݺݵذѵһ٣繤Ҫģǿߺ棬йϵĻǲеġ
ԥʱȴķ֣Ǿǳά±ȥԺ󣬷ûϢˣԺú˷ܡ
ʼʱ뻹еɻ󣬺һˣ˲֪֮Ĺϵ֪ġⱾǲǴ˵飬ټͨίίίǵŮ˭ιסأ
֪ĿǰǼŵ鶼Ǹг̹ץԷȻҲǸû볣ľȻһġô˵Ҫġ
˺üɳ쵼ԶҪĶֻ࣬ǺϹһ󡣽ϲֵ࣬绰ЩѴ˹ȥԼһԷҪú÷һ£Լѹѹ
հѻͲ£绰ͻȻͲǻʮʵιλ
ܣǳάгһȥİ칫ҡάڵ绰ͷһ˵
άһֱ룬˳˹һ⣬ϲ˵󻰣ţƤټ֮ǰ˷ֱǶĳͬԭ
άΪθƵʱ򣬻ᱻɨسŵģ֪˵ǲ̹žʵڱƶȷʵһгİ³Ĺ˾һ߶ȵģһĻĹ޾Ϳ֪ˡ
˭֪յĹ˾Ժȴ¹˾ĸܣóάú⡣һ˵бȽǿӲĿɽóάúмΡ
ǰԺ󣬳ά㼰ʱ̹Ż㱨ˡ˭֪㱨ȥԺȴţ뺣һ㣬ҲûϢˡͨ飬ά֤˹пɽһ˵Ըţȴòš


һǧʮ 쵼Ҫ
ڳάеʧ֮ʣȴͻȻӵ˲̹ŵĵ绰֪ͨһȥİ칫ҡӶԷĿԲΪ˱롣άҶϵ绰Ժ󣬾˵绰еһڶڿԳˡ
ά֮䲢ûʲô˶Թ֮Կ߶ԷҪΪԷ£ӵɡĹ̬ҪһְͨǰԱҲͰˣƫƫһܣԿ
ӵάĵ绰Ժ˴סˣӶԷĻһ˿ֻζ̹֣µ̸ɵҲ֪ô£֮ǰеֹ̫ˡڿôʱϢ˵´ˣֻʱδѡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ̱һ㣬ûаһĿ־֮е㲻顣˶ܵλõĻ˵˳Цά֡
ԴӽԺžһֱûгȥٱˣһҪȥȥ뵽ԺֻǰһƬԼһǲȥҲ̹š
ӽӵάĵ绰Ժû뿪Լİ칫ңֱߵңŴ绰ľȻվȥ֮ǰԼһԷ飬类׺ȥˡ
һ϶û˯úãʼʱ򣬻˯ڴϣȥʵܣɴ˿ɳϣվɳһᡣ
ڶ糿𴲵ʱ򣬿ɷɳϣ輸Ǹ̻ҸͷһæǰϹʲô顣
벢ûаʵţֻһڷ˹ȥʱǼ˵Ļ˻ŵĵĺ߶⣬κջⶼԼ
Ӽҵ˾·ϣֻͷκ˽һ㣬һϣûκмֵӦ֮߳
ǹ˾ҪôĻǵð죬ϾǸܣһĻȨģټ֮ǰ㶨Ӧò̫ѡ
ڵҪԵĴ̸ǲ̹ţ˵Էֻһû糣ĸгǰȴǸ߲ʵĴڡҪͶԷаĻǼֱͬ˵һ㡣
뵽˾ſڵʱԸĳάѾˣȥȻǲˡֻǰһ˵һ硣
ˣ磡ά˵⻰Ժ͵ʲôƵģ˵ˣܣг糿һϰ͹ȥͲҪ¥ˣֱӹȥɣˣҪҪСȥ
Сǳά˾άô˵еѿ˼һֱڹ˾ǵɵģҴвܾ˼ᣬάȻҪúôһ¶Է
ȥȥģĶóά˾͹ȥĻǴк쵼а˼˿̾ǽһҲôȥ
鷳ˣԼȥ˵⻰Ժ̤ĦгһŤţ͵ش˳ȥ
Ȼιȥ׶༪٣ҲԸڳάǰƣŤŵĶüΪţн˶ͷ˼
άŽԶȥ룬¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻתͦصŰ칫¥ķȥ
ǰʻһԺѳˡղôԷʾ˼ڳάѾˣȻûбҪװˡȫһû˯ã̫Ļ׳¡ڵƾѾҵˣɲٽ֦
ϵԺֱ̹ŵİ칫ҡſԺȴ֪쵼£Ȼᡣ
⻰Ժһ˵̹ʱ侭˾ܣһ£ǳάӴģĽࡣǰ̹ŵ˵˵ƽʱҲЦʲôģ¥ԷһɤʲôƵģ˵
̹ŵ仰Ժ󣬾ͻ칫ȥˣƺкȥİ칫ᡣôվϣҲǣҲǣ˴ɨ׼뿪๤վǰ¡
ûоεһᵽĸо̹Ǹأ̹Ļôӣʵ֮ǰԤƵĻҪءʶԺüͷʮͰˮһ㣬ϰµġ
һСʱڲ̹Ű칫ʱһӶʱվˡо˿۹Ͷ԰ĸоƣʵܲˡ
ܺǲˬվĵصȥС뷨ǣֻҪˣ쵽ۣܰҲû⡣
ڲ̹Ű칫һҵʱ䣬̹ż˵û仰ʵڵһǣͲҪȥ˾ˣǰ췢ǼдһסһҪʵǣ쵼Ҫ
⻰ʱŵòûһƨڵϣ̹ſǸг˵쵼ζʲôʱͷ綷ĸо
Ӳ̹ŵİ칫ҳʧǵĸоԷղ赭дһ仰ζְͣˣ˿ų׹ˡ
̹ŵԺͻȻһֻȥͶԷһͷϸԺҡͷҷˡƲ˼Ҳгûʱ䲻˵ڹȥ˵ʲôأܲڹİɣôȥгԸԸһĻ˵أ˵òҲģ
ؼҵһ·ϣͷﶼڷȥһ⣬Ҹô죬ҵ׸ôأȻܳżһƬûκ˻ش⡣


һǧʮ ǿľ
Ӳ̹Ű칫뿪ĵڶ磬һڰ칫ļͻȻ˽һ˵ϰ壬ίˣ
һ⻰Ժæеļһţ˵ֱǽѽͨʲôѽ
תſȥϰı֮УղûǿͨһǱģԲʡ㰤ҲҪôһҪɺˣɲô׵顣Ժͨͨʲôʱͨôͨѧʴȥˣһʱյס
һµĺſȥ˵ǿĵ֮У˵ڵŶԷأı»һ㲻ԳֱֳԷĵλԼԶԷء
ǿһĶԻԺ¶һ˿Ц⡣˵ֱε˼Է̬ȣ黹Ǻܲġ
ǿһİ칫ֻ˰Сʱҡ̸ֻ˵أص飬ʲôû˵棬ʲôǫ̃˵û˼ˣǿܹͺ˵ˡ
ϣȥʱǿǲˬ֮ǰΪ飬ȥ˲̹ţԷˬشӦǺ޵һһе˼
벻Źȥµʱ䣬ԷȻˣξȻڹ飬Ժ󣬶еΪԷ졣ǿ׼˦ֲܵģȴ¸ڵĻܲһϵк˵˳ʹ䶯֮ġ
ǿֻһ㣬ҽСʱչˣһֱǺܺãһԼˡݺϵļίǣԻﲻϽʲôæڽһ˾ָŮˣҪı˵Ļǽһҿɾ͸Ϊˡ
Ҫǽͽ֪ŮѡԹ۵ĻǿҪļˡ
ѪŨˮ£ǿְһ룬ŶԷ棬ûа⻰˵Ǻݺݵؽʹһ٣֯ҪȥĵȲдԺ˵
仰ʱﳤһȻû˵׼µ˼ѾǳԡȻ˵ĻûʲôõĵˡȻмЩ֮ĹϵίίίǣֻҪԸ˵Ҫ黹ֵ
ֻԺҲƣʱͬˣγ£˰ŰƽˣһεĻԷһٳˡҪڵλϸȥǾ͵һһײһʽĻȻǲеġ
뿪ԺǿͿβע⵽Ůղ˵Ĳ̹Ŷ˵Ǿ仰ȥľһһʮд쵼Ҫء⻰̹ȫԲ˵ƫƫô˵ˣⲻòǿһΪʲô
һ˼Ժǿó˴𰸣̹֮ô˵Ȼ˵ģԼġĻ벻˶УϾʱͲ̹ŴкƼ˳飬ԷȻӦˣʱˣҲȥġ
뵽ǿǲŮٻɶһ飬ǾǼʱϢĻɾˡҪǲ˵Ļ˹ԷǱ߻Ϊ벻ˣԿѽ
еⶼͨԺǿ鵹һȻǿһ֮䣬ںߣ֮ǰҲڳгֹ֧ԣϾûнһʾĻᣬһһӽȥ
뵽˺öǽҪΪȥˣǿпѡ֮ǰ˵һֱһϰߵӰ죬еԥġԺ⵱Ҳ˾⵹Ҳ˵ȫһ¡
Ҫ֪ľ˾Ȼǳһۣ֪θ룬źǣûо֪뷨Ļġ
ǿ뿪ʱһ⽫͵¥ݿڡ
һͣǿһҲûп⵹ϣ뷨
ٽ¥ݿڵʱǿίǰ칫ԱߵǸС칫ҵſͷһˣﰵСӣ㻹ǻ飬Ҿ͵¶أ
ǿסһ֣Ц˵гˣĻɾ̫ˡˣҶҪǰҺ񫣬ҿɲġ
һȻûпǿ鷽Ӱǿô˵Ŀȷʵᡣ
ǿԺ󣬵һǰгίǵİ칫һԵ˵ʱôдѦ˼γҲΪ˽һٺЩ˺ͶԷƵ
Ȼ˭Ҳûõ˵Ҷ֪ǿ͵ǹ޲Ҷ˵£ҪʲôһǳЩϺȻǳ˾һ޲۵ĲҶȴݳһʵϷ˺
ԷȻѾȷ̬ˣһȻûбʾǿŵϼһ˵УĲ˵ǺȵͰϣκ⡣
һ⻰˵Ժ˶һۣ漴Ц
ǿûлص칫ңǿѾ֪һͼίλԻˡ̫ˣ˵ر𣬶˫˵Ļֱ̫ˣ֪Ժ󣬲˿һʱϰ˻㱨
ǿʹ̫Ѩﷸֹﲢûзʲôѽǿô˹ϵվˣ˺Ƿѽ⡣ǿ룬ǲģǰ˽ؽһ


һǧʮ 粻Ṽ
뿪Ժǿ칫ϵĲ豭һϵ˿쳣̫ﰵעҪޱѽ
Ҳ£ܶԷǿ¬ϵộĿǰʡȻҪǿ¬ңһʡ֮ǿɲǸǵģ˭Ҫۻ붼ô򵥵顣
ʮ㣬ǿҲûäĿĿ˵ĵزǸĶ֣ﻹûʲô
ǰ˵ϴ۳ίгѡĳίϣίǿȻѡ֧һһ۾Ϳˣк˽˵Ĺϵ棬ǱҲͶʯ·˼
״ԺҲͼȥ£ίλ˵ЧǺԣԷҲûаѻ˵ŹʱٺͶԷú̸һΣȡ֪һʹʲôħȻǿ¶˾ĸɣʵǿоѽ⡣
ӳ̩жԶԷӣյƣӦǿʱһ̩һ뷨ǳɽ˼ط϶һȻʡȥͬ׷ӵľ档
滮Ȼûκ⣬̩طѡʵڲ̫áΪֹǿһֿ͸һĸоӶԷ˵ƺϵ󣬶ƫƫһвʹ˳
ǿÿÿ뵽ԷŸչ֮꣬ѹһʯͷһ㣬ҪڹٳһʮĻʲôĳɾأʱپһأ
ÿ뵽ʱǿˣҪǼȥĻûкͶԷȥˡ
һٽ°ʱ򣬽ӵĵ绰ԷȻڵ绰ʲôҲû˵Ƿڴ֮ȴǲ
ܿԺһ绰Է֮ǲ㴰ֽͱˣʱҲû֮ǰĹ˼ɡһԸо֮࣬ͬʱڲ֮¶ĹģǸж
Ȼ͸˼һȻöԷʧԼϴεǼҽԱݡֻһ˵Ӧ꣬ҪһܹȥԴ˵Ȼ⣬һûӦ꣬Ҳٵ
һ̫ˣټɴСץĻǼпݱһ޷ʰ飬ȻҪСĽ
һŵҹģһñӣûдīĻֻԵøΪ֮ۡǰͰѷ俪ˣϴεǼ218ôĿĺܼ򵥣ͶԷظĹ¡
˵Լһ𣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵ΪµģϾŮӣƤȽϱֻһյͷƣһŵʱ򣬹˺һᣬӦȡ
һ׼Ƶģֶ˿ϣӣջǷˡҴҳһԺһȲϴȥˡ
ҿ÷Ժ󣬾͵ȴһ̵ĵοԺ˶Էʹܴᣬ˺üԺ󣬲㻺ڼĳϴˣﻹмֲ
˿̣趼㲻Լ﾿ôģָо˼Ȱֺޣһ˵ʹţ
һʱһܸоԷĽšϴڼһ㣬ԷһӰΣһһҪߵŮ˸оǷĿ֡
뷨Ժһ׼ֱ鶯Ϫˮ֮ʣŲȡʵж
ѽѽģһ˺ʱ򣬾ֻм֮޻֮ˡȻ֮ǰͮһµļɣȵʵʱȴʲô벻ֻгڱܵһϣֱܵ϶ˣɶԷʩΪ
ȵʱһ˼ɣϾǶԷĵڶΣŨ֮ʱȫ֮ǰ뷨ȫĵͶ˽ȥֱԷǷֲʹʱʶ㣬ʱһжѾˡȻƣʳ֪ζĿʹӴ˶Ľ࣬˼λҸ۷塣
ԺèһĻļŵ΢죬Ķѡһ§裬߮˫壬˿񱳣ķ̵ͦķΣһһǸоƢ
һ˿һͷĳ嶯ǳҲˡҪôȥǲܵ顣ǷģʵȷʵǸеġĵ׻ǺеοģϾûдŮ˫˵Ҳοˡ
ҲͶ̶̵ļʮضѣȴţΣҲΪ˵һΣûһ²䣬ȵʱȦϻһʱ򣬺γҲһźһذοԼ
һֱһ״ˣĻҲ߲ĸ߶ȡ̩һ·εģЩǧ˿ϵŮǡȻԹ޻ڣȴԼһأҲһֱԸԭڡ
ȻôѪ
ȻһԼﰵؾܾ˶ԷΣջΪܿĵʹ֮ΪʵԵһȻѾˣһȻڡʣҪǺúöԴһֱ׷ߵ̩ƯŮӦ˵ƯŮˡ
һ뵽ʱ˫ֽе¥סĶߵ˵裬лл㣬粻Ṽģ
ʱһжȥ


һǧʮ 
ʮԺһ쳣æµΪֻߵûˡº˾ڹٰ˼һ˵ף⣬֤ˡ
ߵ˵Ǹũί칫˷ܵͬһ㡣ôҲû뵽Ů飬İӳԱȫˣͷͷҲһ䡣һϵҲûУǶŮӡ
֮ǰ֮ԿϻҪΪöԷֻһСС˾ûʲôϢ벻Էչʾȴ
£ȻͲöԷŮö˵ʲôģЩһвǻ
ⳡæµˣû֮һʵģʵģȫ飬˵Ȼ
ϣһ׼ȵ뿪ģϾ¡ǰæµ˼꣬˴飬ϰĵȻҪӡòԸȴûܹʵ֣ԭܼ򵥣ߣⳡƺûнʱ򡣻ĳˣһҲˣɱǾû뿪˼
һѩޱ²ʶ㣬ɨһȫƺȷʵô¡ȻºͻųӣȥĻܶҪӰ쵽˵Ķˡһѣֻվˡ
ڽԺºͻ񶼱ʾҪϰˣһûͬ⣬ָһݵļڡƽʱ˸漸ûʲôڣϲ£ȻҪһʱ䡣
˾ýƲһῪ˵˾Ҫ俪˶ȥˡ֪ҪϢһܵϢԺ˾Ϳʼжˡ䲻ָʹ˼µλãһʱгǰһ죬ҲǺģָ벻ջ
е㲻̫ðˣ˵շϡϴ´ȥûʲôѶȣѧʴȥˣһе㲻һЩ룬һΪʣǾи鳤ѩޱ
ûһҵѩޱԷˡǶѾ֪һͻһܼٵϢΪȵ쵼ЩС£ǿɾͳˡѩޱһֱôΪġ
˵һ֮Ĺϵر𣬵ȴû˷ɶԼҪ֮ǲܻΪһ̸ģһֱһʶǳǿŮˣҲûп˳Է뷨ԶڹǷǳġ
Ƿǳߵһܣѩޱĳ֣һľһٰʮȵĴ䡣˵ǰ칫ңһЩ˶ϲ飬ÿиŮǰƣҲһĿ顣
ʮµ׵ʱ³ŵĵһʱ˳ȥϸʼԺ󣬶ԼܲǱ߶ǳ⣬һڽڷ˾
̩еİ÷Ҳʵʩ׶Σǰһ׿гЧĹպźͶ˫˫Χ̩ˣԴȻ
һ磬һڰ칫ͺ۽÷ľ칫ϵĵ绰ͻȻ
һɨһۣί鳤߳ɽܵĺ룬˳ֱͲ
ιгǳɽѽ
ң鳤ã𣿡
죬һͼίǿɹʶԺһ͸߳ɽܡࡢǿ룬ԼίǿġΣʹСȦϵӽܡ
һ֮ǰûи˼ҪǿĴ̼
ǿһŬԺڰһǽίǳԶ˹ȥټϲϺѦ֮нҲ˺Э顣
ǿǱһɳίԷĵڶ죬һҲʾֱ˴˵绰һּǲ£ҲԲ£ڶԷֳΪһĻشֻһǾǹϵشȥ
һʱĿ⾭ӪԺһǿ߳ɽܡ֮Ĺϵֽһڵ绰ҲûбҪЩͷԵĶֱӾˡ
߳ɽһʻԺ˵г֪ͨ糿ٿίᣬҪǰ÷ķֹ⡣
Ŷһ⻰ԺŶһ⵹е֮⡣רųİ÷쵼С飬˵СȥˣòŴ󶯸ɸϵίȥ֮ǰŵĵصѾȦˣ̩ǹʣµֻǾλõ⣬֪ǿôкĿġ
һò컹һԭǾίǡгǰ÷쵼С鳤ԷҪҲӦȺк鳤ֱӸίǷ֪ͨ
ǿ˲ܲ˵ȥ飬е˺˼һе֮Сʱ䣬Ǽ֮ߵеطﲻԽʾһ²
뵽ʱһ¶һ˿Ц⣬ﰵСҲ棬δ̫еϲ̨˰ɣ
뵽ԺһŻͲ˵У֪ˣ÷Ĵᵽһµĸ߶ѽ
߳ɽ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦûж˵ʲô
һṦ򣬺ֻˣ绰ĻǸ߳ɽܣ˵Ҳ֮ǰһ顣һղŲûи߶Է칫أ֪ͨίǿ棬߳ɽҲǱŽˮ¥̨ȵµּġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬿һʵгЩ˺ܹעѽڶˣǺǣ
һ󣬵˵ͷ˵ѽϻ˵úã粻ֹѽ
ҲͲҪˣԺͷúõһѣֻջʲô˭Ҳ˵׼ɣ˳һĻ˵


һǧʮһ Ȧ
˵һԺһûпڡ
һ㲻ϲˣԭ֮ûڣΪǿ濴һŵԷ͵Ҫ÷ר飬кĿأѵͽֻΪȷһ¾ĵصһò
뷨ź棬һȴʲôû˵һ棬ǿʲô⣬˵һȻһ棬Ҳںǰֳ̫עĻԵе顣
Զ˶Ժһֺͺ֮ǰĻһȻŰ÷쵼С鳤ͷΣصǺġ⵹Ϊһ軹ʲôģǺҪ飬ܳչʾͲŻҲһõóֵ
˵ҹ˾Ѿöˣ÷ôûһͳһһҹ˾γһ壬Աڽ谲÷ĹгֶԾ
һѺҹҪǽⷽ⣬۵ҲǱȽϿɵġ
˵ΪöŲ̩еİ÷裬ǿ㣹򣬶ʡţһӦýúôԷһŶԣĿʡеصĿҹϵıǧ򻧾ס״Ĵ¡һΪһ˽ƻֵΪٵĵߣԼͻƣͬҲôȥɡ
˵Ĺ۵һ£һͺ֮ûʲôۣʹһ¡뱾һǿٿί飬һƺûǸ˼Ծѡտڡ
һлԺ󣬺վˡ
վ׼ߵʱһ˵һ䣬쿪ʱ㾡ٿڣһҡ
һضһ˵һټȥˡ
ص칫Ժ󣬺þûƽԷղǾ俴⣬ȴ֮ĻǸж
˭ʱҲˣûôʵΪ٣һĳ̶ֳϸıԵȨϵһЩʶ棬ҲѡġһЩͨòۣͨЩȴشǿĮõġ
ڶһ磬һһǰң˻᳡˵˶׷վкϵı鲻ѷֱԵӪǿͳԶվӣԼǿѦڵϣ̩еĳίǵһγμӪβĻֻ˫ҪˣǲŽһ˵á
ǿҲһ㣬ŵ׼ʱ˻ҵšԺ󣬻Ҳʽʼˡ˵ҪһֵȨǳίһٺòĴˣôţ棬ϴֻһǾίǡ
ǿ򵥵ؽܱλԺ󣬱㰴ͰĽȥˡίֱ㱨˽ڽҪչĻԺ󣬺κд̩ٿʡ÷չֻ׼ڳί˻㱨
ȻΣȥһģ˿˼άεĶֻиЩ鶼һЩԵĹ˵й£ˣûҪġ
ڴ˹Уһע⵽ЩԵĹƺر࣬ÿӶ㣬̩Ļ㱨رϸһȥ˶ʮҵʱ䡣
һԺѾһСʱȥˡһע⵽ʱǿĿͶ䵽ϣ塢֮ࡣ˵ÿζװú⣬һظоˡĿͶȥ׼ӵʱǿȴѾת˱𴦡
һһϸڣһܵ˶Է뷨³¿ɲһķҪʲôҲûеĻһ˵ʲôҲŵġȻԷҪϷҲûʲôżģſϷͳˡ
˵ҪҪȡʲôʩǸż顣Էһ֣ųίϵȨ;һֻܱӦȻ˵ĻȻûҪżˡ
Ϊǿİܶ࣬˵Ҳ١ַû֣֮ؼ֮ǿ鱳ˡǿȻǿƣ̩һĶֵϣһ治ǵþ
Ϸݣ¹˭֣˺ڴ
һλԺ󣬻˳ţߵ˿ȥæڳ̣ںȲ裬űڱϷܱʼ飬˵ϰ鷨ڻСˣ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ǿһҲżΪ˽飬֮ǰ˳ֵ׼Ųκ⡣ڿƵĳίϣѷڶԷҪͨĻӦòʲôѶȡȻ˵ĻҲûбҪǰ㽣ˣûǸҪ
ݵĳĬ˴ԼӣǿеĲ豭һţЦ˵λղŵĻҸоĿǰֳ̩һϵ̬ƣÿһ˵Ĺ͡
˵ԺͣһᣬȻ˵ҿɲϡԿѽǰȥʡ￪ᣬ쵼ͬ־Ҷ̩ʱĳɼ޲ѽԶĲ˵üİ÷Ŀ˵ʡشĿ֮һȫʡֻԵ㣬һ̩ⲻ˵ʡ쵼ǵ𣿡
˵ʱǿĿ˵һһɨһĿʱһûŲ۾
һǿĻԺﰵôһȦջΪ˻ص÷αأһֱӿżɽǶ೨
Ĳ˶һͬ뷨һָо޹ءĴ˶Ǵӻһһǲϲǿһ仰߰˸Ķǧĺɣʲôիأ


һǧʮ ֿ
׽Ժǿͣ٣漴һ˵гڰ÷ľص㣬쵼СǱûһأ
һ⻰Ժ˵¾Ǻгʩгģгλίǻ㱨һ¡
˵⻰ͬʱһ̧ۿ˺롣󣬳΢΢˵ͷһ˷Ե׼
һشǿĻһˮҲûУ÷飬˵븺ˣѡַһϸڣȴҪԷһҪʩΪôĿĺܼ򵥣ʩΪ֪Ժһڵһʱǿл㱨ģһͨ̽ԷĶ
÷ȻѾö̩ǹˣǹϴ󣬾ʲôطҪú˵˵ġ
ǿµıںĽصӦûȻ˵Ļĵٿί̸÷ص⣬еŪ֮ǰһ͸оǿô⣬Ѿ԰ٷ֮ٵȷˣﰵԼһҪ⣬˶Էĵ
뿴һۣȻ˵೤λ쵼Դг񽻸ԺҺΪгϸҵʵؽ˿죬վ÷޽ص㶨Сӵ棬ǶһĴõأӦܹ㰲÷õصҪ
Ȼǿӣõίԭ򣬵ǽ㰲÷õصҪһȷ˳Ƶģߵһ·ӣǿĴڲ̡
׷˵ԣ̩֮еİ÷˳ǳ䱳ŵľ޴̻ȥġǿ͸һ㣬Բ⽫˳
ں˵һʱһעٷ֮ٵؼǿϡ˵֪ǿҪð÷˵£Ҫ˴ﵽʲôĿģֱĿǰΪֹһûпó⡣
뽫Ҫ۵׳Ժ󣬽ѡַϸ˽ѡԭ⣬֮ǰѡļĿ˱ȽϣһǶȶǵ֤
ںĻǿһҲûýȥȣԣҪֻǶԷ֮ǰǾ仰ΣղźǾ俴ĵġԴг񽻸Ժ󡱴̵ۡ
ίίᣬڳÿ˶Լ˵ĻΣһרŵ˸¼ˡ
ǿĳ£⿪ڡȻ˵ĻʣµֻһܣǾǶԷϱԼ˵ǰһһ
ںվӣǿһҲ⣬ҲûҪѶԷ£뷨ܹ볣ίᣬĳ̶ֳ˵ȫһһ֮¡£ǿȻκγġ
ۺϵµǿֵʱ᳣гʱһУǺĻѦ׵ļίǿ˵ߺޡҪλͶǹؼһƱǳУʤӦ
ǿվ֮ǰǿԹ޻û֮أϾڶԷǱлģһж̸ˡʹǿԹ޺һȣй֮޲
һһбᣬԷУʱһаʽ㹻ĳġǿʲôأȻݺݵһᣬҪǲһӵĻǿζ޷ƽġ
һԺǿǾǰбҪǿϴ⡣һԺ󣬻װûһ㣬Ͼô˵ġ
ԺǿǡɺĻҲ˵ˣ˵ղźгĽ֣ܺܳɴ˿Կͬ־ǺĵģͶ÷ʡصĿܹ仧̩˵ʡ쵼ǵĹĺΣǵȻҪɼǿǲеġ
һзۣǿԴǵķԣɵֺЦ֮УԷƺԽԽܳˣҲɻطһ֡
ǿ˵Ժ󣬸оˣǸ׳ʱν࣬ϣǸѾĻҪ˲ҪʧĻҪʱ֮ڣ̩д򿪾ɾͲô׵ˡ
뵽ԺǿŲŲƨɣȻ˵Ѿ뵽˽ܹĵʵʩ׶ΣҾбҪںźͶҹ˾еĺչһۣҾأ
Ժһе׶ԷˡǺһͷͬǿ顣Ȼҹ˾ͬһ̣κһƲȥ⣬óһҲá
ţһǿתôһ⣬Ǿмֲ⣬ԷôΪأ
ǿ˵Ժͣ٣Ȼ˵飬֮ǰͼͬ־˽ĹҶüȻҹ˾һ㣬ǾǷֿͨ˫Ǳܣȡʰɹ̣ʱ澡ܵǰԵǻйԴУô˵ǶǵĺɣĻе˵ȥѽ
ǿĻԺڳĴ󲿷˶ΪȻ̩͹ԴȻֻһ̩֮ۺʵҪȶԷǿ̫ˣҪڶԷĺ棬ȷʵе˵ȥ
һȴΪȻעǿ棬ǰ档ܶԷѾˣеֵģ֪ԷΪ
˵ı֣ǿһҲ⣬Ҳûмż˵Ǹʱôϸھ̸֮ۡ԰仰Ϊ˵ע֪ʵĿˡ


һǧʮ 
ǿӿֵ֮ɫʱͻȻоһĿ䵽ϣûɵһ
ʱ˿̣ǿֱ˿͸ĸоָо˺ܲȴҲ޿κΡͺħʦħһ㣬˵ʱǹڱƵģҲųб˿ʱһ˵ħʦĵǳһ˵ڵ۹ò˭Ҳûа취顣
ֱһĸоǿǵðϷȥﰵ㿴£أܲվȷʾ԰ɣĻҵҪʲôɡ
Ժǿ˵ҿûвͬҪеĻķ
ǿ⻰˵úˮƽͬҵķԣҲóķĻٿڡ
֮ǰǿ⣬˭涯ʲôԽ͵һҪóһεķǾԲܵ顣£ڳ˳ͬ⣬Ӧûеڶ·ߡ
һȻðԷܲðȴһ취ҲûСʲôʱ򿪳ίᣬЩ⣬Ⱥ˳Σⶼһ˵㣬еȨ˭Ҳ޿κΡ
ǿһԺ󣬼û飬ŷġڴ˹УһɨһۣԷûҪ˵˼ͻеˣӦòʲôˣǿԽһƻˡ
ȻҶûʲôô飬쵼С֮ڽзֹгŵḶ́ΪгߵḶ́ҲһСһҵĽȸ죬г㿴Σǿһʵ
ٿȻίίᣬ̸ǰ÷쵼Сڵ⣬ǿֱӳС鳤һʣҲûʲô⡣
Է˵Ժһеǿˣôһ浱ȻΪͻţһҲһʩΪ˼֮ǰĳʱ֮ĳ˻ûп͸뷽跨һسأ
ܶԷʲôĿģȻһ⣬¥ɲСӴľƵġǿ˵ʽȥĻǿҹ˾֮һڽչĻͰȫα֤أǡǡǸѹߣĻ˭еΡ
һǿһۣȻ˵Ҳͬ
ŶһĻشǿ֮⣬Уһ㲻ͬĻҲҳһѵתԺ˵ԼΪһггί棬ֱӵطίǵ飬ɲǾ顣
ǿˮһԺ˵гʲô߼˵ǳʶ
ǿ⻰ԴһΣһ¾ǰԺѾоеˣʱҪסǲܵ飬Ծ֮ǰֱ˵ȥˡ
ίǺгȻڳίϱѵһĳ˵λִ·ȷڲ죬ʹַ֮ڲﶼţ㽫ŵȴ
˿һĻҲ͵ֿˣһ˵ȴǳǾί鳤߳ɽܡ˳ǵһֱģҪĻе㲻֪Ӧˡ
һҲǿ⻰ëˣһֱһ֮ˣҲԲ֮쾹ȻˣȻ
ûʲô߼ҲԲһ˵һ̶ԣΪҪʲôѵǹ̽𣿡
һ⻰˵úֱӣҴд˼֮ǰǿ䳰ȷãɽ¥ѽ
ǿһĻԺûԥ˵ʲôҪĵȻǽȣСѧ֪飬гΪίǲ֪Ĵ𰸰ɣ
ǿ˵⻰ʱõʵʵ˼ȴԲˣͨ⻰һѶԷǿţһᵱô˵һ϶Ĵ𸴵ģĻ˿¶Ҫվˡ
һȻɵƵ˵زǿĻ䣬˵ǣ⻰Լ˵ģҿû˼Ҹղô˵ĿģֻΪǿǲһζĹע̽ȣ׳ġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲˶ص˵ͷͬһ⣬ҿܻвͬǶȣһЩȴΪ˶Ͽɵġһ˿˵⻰ˡ
һ̶ԣȫҪȽҪöࡣһ㣬ϰնסְȫ⣬Ǻ롣֮ᣬһĿȻ
ǿоæ˵г⻰˵ÿʧƫѽҿû˵ֻעȣ֮ǰ˵ұһȣһָڲȫ¹ʵǰ¡
һ⻰Ժ󣬶һ̿ס֮УԷ⻰ʵ̫ϲˡ⽫ɫһȻ˵ǣ֪˭֤ǰᣬ˰ȫ¹ʣ˭еΣ㻹ң
һ⻰Ȼмһ˼ѻ˵ôԷȴĳ˵Ϲ͹˲ٸԷˡ
ǿ벻һȻǿƣƣʱҪʾĻԺ̩оͱгͷ֮ˡǿصһȣȻ˵г쵱Ŵҵ棬ҽ׸㣬ҪǳĻζеֻǲ֪żҪǳĻ˭еأ


һǧʮ ֵܣл
һ벻ǿʱȻôһ⵹ȷʵе֮⡣˵ͺйϵôҲȲǿͶ֮Ĺϵ
ǿ֮ôһȻҲΪһ㡣һͶ֮ĹϵȻҲ֪һͺ֮ĹϵҲʱһУ˿ȴЧнԷһ˼
һ֮ʣһԲλ׵λô˹ǰ÷쵼Сĸ鳤֮һղŰ೤Ҳָżŵ飬߳µĻǾеΰɣ
⻰˵úˮƽǿԸеߵ⣬ʱվȻڷϺͶԷࡣΪ˷ֹԷ䣬Ȱ֮ǰǿ˵ĻһĻԷͲö˵ʲôˣܲڰʯͷԼĽš
֮ʱվĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˱סһǰʱ䣬һѾͺż֮Ĺϵϸظ˺룬Ǹϰ֮䲢ûеҲ֡
ʱǿһ̬еˡǱĸ磬ߺһȴûʲô̫еĹϵеҪ˵˼ˡ
Ҳǵɴ˴ĺ⻰һ͵ڳ׺ǿ˺ˣԴ˵̫ġΪгһͺһһ£ǿ޵Ҳþһ¡
һĻԺ΢΢һ˵ʵԷıǳԾ˿Ϊǽ˾ģһȴôΪ
ҪһسǾֳôĻǿô⡣ڿõĳгĶ֣ʵʵڵ쵼ûбҪôȥ
ܶԺǸмһȴöԷȥеΡߵⲽףܳΪгͬѣй֮޲˽Լǳ£öԷȥеգһʲôˡ
һ˺һۣЦǺǵ˵г⼱ʲôʱܸĸģżģʲôµĻҲеΡ೤˵ûɣ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬴ӱһʲôҲû˵
ǿ벻뾹ȻĳźúһԷӣ˭֪ûֵڣһȴѾȿˡͷ֮Уɵм˼֣ȴ޴й
鷢չһί鳤߳ɽܳһǿ֮ǰҾĹ۵㲻ἰˣȴö˺˫ڹ̽ȣȫȸչЩ˵޹ؽҪģֻҪֱģǾûκ⡣
߳ɽ֮˲ΪôһڡиʡǳһС飬˵̩еίί鳤Ӧȴ治תջǿŰƽ顣
Ӧ̩·ϣǿһ½飬ʱ˴Ӧ⣬ûеڶѡ
߳ɽܷǳ̩еλ֮ĹϵһˣҪͻȻתͷ֧һ˻ôأʵе㲻롣
ֻҪڻĹڣĸ棬ֻҪվ˶ӵģٸĻͥĻҪڸġ˵߳ɽܾ֧ǿҪվԷǱߣ˿˭ֻȥĽأ
ڣ鷢չزѾûپֱıҪˣ߳ɽΪ˳һѽգ
̩һɳίһʶǾֻҪ̸ľ飬λٵ뷨ǲ·ӣֻҪճʱίǵ϶кɫʱŭģһҲ⡣
ǿɢ֮󣬱վתҵȥУһ飬Ǿ̧ͷݺݵصɺһۣд¿Ƶ˼
Դ˵һҲ⣬ղżȻѡվͲ˼ԷĴѹ˵ǿȻһ֣ǳгԷôҪ쵽Ҳô׵飬˵޿֡
һһֱעǿı֣ɺʱøȻѾ˺ˣһԷ˦ӵĻᡣǿתʱź˵гһһԷеҪ
һ㶣漴ЦŴӦ
߳ɽע⵽һͺһ˵һЦĵڣǿ͵һһ漴ճȭͣԺּǰȥֻȻҪ֮ǰࡣ
һ΢Цź˴кֱ߹ʱ̧źͶԷһȥ
ʲô޼ĺʲôлǰУ˿һͺ֮ı֣ܵõӦĴ𰸡
ص칫ԺһԺ˵ղŲ˵ѽȻǳģⲻܽժһԼݽȥûǸҪ
гʵЩ˵ˣһүǣҪ˵̫ɿˣƺеݲȻô˵ˣҲҲ˵˵ҵ뷨ݹһ֧ȥһһ˵
һڣ˵̩֮ǰѹûһܳΪгƲʡսеβ˵λźʩΪܰѹģһжΪĵ˸ı䡣
˵Ժ󣬺ͳһ̣Ȼ˵гл֮ĻҾͲ˵ˣһ仰ָҾʹ㣬ָҲմ󡣡
һһǸж֮ǰúе̫嶯ˣ˿ȴһҲôΪˡһվڶԷļһ£Ȼ˵ֵܣлˣ


һǧʮ ȫԸ
ڵ֪̩гίϷһĻԺ󣬵ϴž͵̩ҹ֮ǰûкһк
һӵŵ绰ʱڲμһӦ꣬ǲ׼ȥģǿ֮һȻӦõ͵ʱӦ롣
˿ֻĻʾĺ룬һȡӵ绰һҲ֣ٽ°ʱ־ƾʹ绰ˡ־ڵ绰ȻʲôҲû˵Ƿݸм֮飬һܹܵġ
˵һǿ֮䲻ԸҲ÷Ҫһϳ̣˵ʱһǿ£ͷһȲġĻδе̫Сһˣ־ôΪġ
־ƺʹ֮ĹϵһˣȻѾ֪ˣǴžûɲ֪顣˵ʵһе֣˵͸ô绰ˣôٳٲأ
ڵ绰˵Ѿ̩ˣһ绰֮ٵԭ룬öԷֱӵȥʱ䲻ˣټ϶Էһл˵õѡ
һ֮Ż뷨ɽׯ̩мľۼ֮أ˭е㶯ڶ¥˻֪ˡһһ㣬ĳЩ֪ʹ֮μ档
˶һĴҴȥһ˿ź뵽ԷܹѾӣʲô֪أ
һϳԺ󣬾ֱɽׯȥʱ䣬ºͻ»ֻҪûʲôر飬°Ժһǻȥˡ
ºͻһɣʷջ񲻶࣬ⷽһҪǳϸ񣬵ȴܵ˱ȱ˸غչˡһУˣβ˾
һɽׯʱҶݵĳ׷ڣǿֵһҪҪƫƫֻͷ̣ûпڵ˼
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ǿҵˣǸܣ붼е㼤ģҰ֮ҾȻͻĹĶ֮һϵʱҹѵʱ־ȫŵĸо
־ȫǳ֮˳˳ˮ̯ԽԽҲֵǧ˿ƵĹϵڻĹ춥ĳνúܶ۲ѣܶ˷ѾĻҲδԸʲôҲ̵ͷΡ
һ־ȫоο֮⣬оǿ̬ȡ֪ʲôԭүʱǿѾõ˵Ͽɣȴѡҡ
־ȫȻпʲôԭ򣬵ɴҲԿǿֵ֮Ŀأ־ȫΪһԭֵܽʮ꣬ѾίˣƷչȥʮꡢʮԺ󣬼пܵһ붼ĸ߶ȡ
Ҫ˵Ļᣬ־ȫû˼ΪҪ˺ֵܣֵܣ˵֮ûκѪԵϵһҲҪ
ǰһصֵܣ־ȫ˵ǿҵĶ飬ҶģֻҪлĻţҪ㡣
磬˵ʲôأǿ벻ƽʱһ᲻ڱĴ羹Ȼ˵һæ˵ûа֣ҵҲ͡ҲҵһԱΪʲôҸеܿġ
ǿ˵һûȷʵһ塣˵ֵֻǵĸȴֵˣҵ˼Ψǿ־ȫհȷʵ̸Щʸ
ֵ仰ʲôҲ˵ˡ־ȫ˵ﰲ÷飬ⱾҲҪǰȫͽκ⡣
˵ԺǿͣһᣬȻ˵ڿʼ˾ﲻٳнҵڽֻҪǴߵر𼱣ֻһ˹ȥӦһ¾ˣҰеľǿ鵽̩
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬺Ǹмص˵ͷ˵ֵܣӱ˵̫ˮƽˡǿﰵ
õǿϿԺ־ȫ˵ǱߵʵȻҲ˸̩͹Դеİ÷⣬ϻһСḶ́Ҫڶʱ֮ڣȫǲʵ顣ʱùԴǱ߸ʩһѹǻϿ˵ʤȯա
ǿ⻰ԺͶȥһƳ֪֪˷ܰսʤ⻰ɲǹ˵ˣ䵽ʵȻ㡣
磬ʵҲҪ̫⣬һƽĶԴˡǿ˵ȫͽ֮䣬˵Ϊֱ۵ģͨ۾ܿģĻǿɽһҪغܶࡣ
ܴ֮ǰѻѾ˵úܵλˣǿûбҪѶԷһ¡˵֮ǰһ֮Ȫгڼ淭˴øԾл³ɲ뿴Ľ
־ȫ֮һ̬˰ǿס⣬Ҳ˽ĵġˣ֮ƣǿԼзǳĹϵǿˣҵҲˣĻʡûĹ
һ⣬ǶϾ˵ҵǿ֧֣Ӳĵ־ȫǷǳġ̩а÷Ĺ̴֪ȣԺڻʡǾԵĺ󲽿ꡣ
ûԵ޹ʵİޣʹֵҲ⣬ΪΪ


һǧʮ 
һǰŵңźž͵ˡɴ˿ɼ绰һʱ򣬾ɽׯȶԷֻ·죬Բ˺档
ӭԺһæȥΪԷݲˡæ˵һȴûиԷᡣ
ڿɳԺֻ豭ˮ𡣴ŵݹһ֧ȥȻԷ˻һԷûƴǣһᡣףֻǴһʾлĻᣬĻܻѰ
ɫ漴ɢȥһ̣Ȼٵ˳˵һҲ˵ˣ̫лˣģǺžԲʧġ
һ⻰Ժ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ˵޸磬֮ʶҲвͷˣʲôˣӦͬʲôˣҲȷ棬ԻὫλģȻ˵ĻҺҲûκηˣ㲻ʲô뷨
벻һȻ˵һȷʵ֮⡣Ȼ˵һȻһ磬ҲиԺֻҪõŸĵطֻɽ𺣲˵ֻҪһƽ
͹׳嶯䣬һ֮׷ǹʣѣҲûе֪ķϣԷȴͦȷʵܸж
˵Ժ󣬴Ųһڣ˵ϵܣ˵֮ǰźúøлһﶼ׼ˣ֮ǰ־ƴ绰顣֪ҵ뷨Ժ󣬰Һ˵һ٣ҲͿֹֻˣȥֻиղŵǷܹҵˡ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻ󵭵˵޸ѽϣ־Ƹ˽ҡ
˵Ժ̧ɨ˶Էһۡż˼ЦЦ漴豭źȲϵ֮顣
һȻģȴǲΪ˵⻰־ƴ绰־֮ǰѾ֪Ҫ̩˵ҪĿģȻһʾл
ʾлķʽк֣ܶ־ﵱȻóſܻôȥʼʱ򣬿û⣬ʱ򣬱Է˵绰绰ݿ֪
һ֪־ôҪΪ˷ֹݽȥ˵ʹ֮ĹϵǳĻʲôףҲԲᴫȥģԶûв͸ǽЩ˭ָҴƱأ
еĹؽԺһֻȺġ¬־ƶڼʱעĶֻҪз紵ݶǱֽΣյͷ𣬾κֵĻᡣ
һʱоһݺصĹ֮飬ֱһĸоһҪúøɣĻеԲλĹע
̸Ѿˣ˶ѡ˱죬һЩϸڣһ
ϸԵЩһû˵̫࣬ǳ˵¥£ʮһҲһšҪԷ˵ڲĵطѯ㹻ˡ
ʱ䲻ˣҲһңĵ˺ҵͥѼ漰
֮ǰһʹŵĹϵҪ־ƣϵĽԺ֮Ĺϵֽһ㡣ͨ죬һ֪޿˾ӶԺ󣬴ҲȷʵףһֱڣӰҲûȫҲǴⳡ쳣Ŭԭڡ
ٳ̳Ȼͬĵ·ʵĶȴǲġȣ·벻ͺŬιٳ̳벻λĻλģû϶治תģҲҪһ㣬ߵķϵǷǳߵġϱܾͻΪᣬܾһĲ
͸֮ĹϵϵһﲻɵöԴһϧĸоǵľͬ߹ĵ·Ҳͬ˶ΪԼҵƴǶ˵˶ܲס
ڶһ磬һʹһߵسһ緹ȻͶԷ뿪
һԺ̩еİ÷ʢĿʽһû뵽ʡɽȻԵ˻
һڶԷ֮ǰʹ־ǵõϢɴ˿֮ǰڷɽɳʱ˵ǿɽֵ֮ܵĴŵǲ٣ĻɽӦò˲֧ǿġ
ϣԺɽͻʡ˵Ϣ˵ܻ̩סһƺô¡һҲ㲻Ϣ٣ĿǰҪסһǺпܵģӦòǿѨ硣˵ΪʲôûǾͲö֪ˣҲΪҪ鷢ʹƻˡ
Ժһ԰˼֡ǳɽ֮˸ߵ̩ҪġյĽһ֣ҲûбҪ̫⣬ϾԷһʡ֮㲻֧ǿҲܾ̩
˵ˣ̩ηҪǿǿ֮䣬˭ǿһ㡣һһͶˣӦɽҪǿĻǺмְյġ
ѩޱһֱڹעһĶóܶԷ̸ЦģȴֲζĸоڣɽͻȻ̩ζʲôǳĻһıҲͲˡ
ɽԺ˻һټԺҲ͸뿪ˡѩޱ˱˲עʱһʹһɫȻϳ뿪ˡ
һԷıԺһȣԷΪʲôһƽŮˣûɲúϧ


һǧʮ 
÷ĿʽԺ󣬲ûе˫ʼĵزԭܼ򵥣˵дĵ˵ǣ̽ȷȫ͹ǰ²ȥȵġ
ȫƲʲôʱ򶯹û̫ϵҪȡʩеӳ̶ȺͷʩҪúüƽһʱƣʮһѮԺԽԽ䣬ʱȦģʱ򣬴شİȫ
˫ļ֮Уȴ˭ҲҴͷʩĻæôԷֻҪ˵һأܽеĹͿĨɾ
źһԺ󣬾󿪴ʱٶʡʱһ꣬ߵסլ¥ÿ¥ԪһԪסһ¥԰ʮ˼ҡĻסʮԣȷʵһʵʵڵĹˡ
Դ̩Ƚ϶ԣģҪ΢Сһ㣬ȻҲ¥ÿ¥ֻĸԪʵʽ˲١
Ƕ˵еԿϾҪʡͻȻһߵĻ̩İ÷ǸģڹԴŵҲû̫⣬˵ʵĿǰ£ܺͶɫĻѾܲˡλõĽҲͲ˰ɣϾ˼Һվŵһʡ֮ʲô˼ұأ
־ȫ֪ߵ뷨ԺҲ«ưȻ˫ҪȵĻֻվͬϣܿóżȻڼʵҪԷ٣ȻûбҪżˡ
Ժ˻ãһˣǾǸгʩΪϴٿ곣ίԺĵڶ죬ҵǿһشԺ˶ԷĵƣΪˣû˯þŵĻ˵ħһ㡣
ʩΪǿͦߵ飬ظоԷһȡһ֮ǰȥʡȡĿοĿһԷôȥȻڱһЩ뷨ȥίǵİ칫Ҫǳȥġ
ǿûʩΪʧڶԷʱֱӸ֪ǱҪľ飬漰棬ڳίֻϯĻԵõһ㡣ǲǿʡȡһ£һλг볣ǿӵľս
ǿ˵⻰ʱ򣬿˵ǹûʣҪǲ֪ݵ˵Ժ󣬾ԲΪίǣгΪһȫվĽǶ˵ģĸίǻ˵Ļأ
ʩΪ⻰Ժֱȳۻ𡣶ԷȻֻ˵Ƽһг볣û˵ԣͺͷϵʭӡŵġ
ǿǳĿǰελҲ˰÷쵼Сĸ鳤һԲʲôʵԵĹġ£ǿٿίĻᣬʩΪȡ̣˵ǳ֧ˡ
ʶԺʩΪԷһģ˵֮۾Ứ˸ǿе㲻̫Ӧ
ǿʩΪһ˵ʩѽ֮ûҪЩͷԵĶҪʲôӦ̨Ҹˣ˵ϷôҪһġҪǳ˵ĻҲﲻѽ
⻰ԺʩΪæ˵ǣģһֱе㲻²ģҪΪûлᣬҴôõҪڲɳ˵Բ㣬ҶԲԼ
ǿʩΪĻԺص˵ͷղ˵ǷҪĿΪôһ¶Է˵ʲôģ治̫ĵġ
±ҪǶ˾飬ڸ㹤̷ǿŲɣ˵һӮ˺ţٲʲôӡ˵棬ʲôµĻֱӽġ˵ˣʩΪеľһϴ´飬Ҳ첻õĻڹٳϵʮǰ׻ˡ
ʩΪǿǶԺ󣬱Ǳһɾ׼úñһġ˭֪Ǳȴһ㶯ҲûУܲ
ʩΪ֪־ȫίǿֵܣȻȥҶԷ˵飬ߵ·ܿͨǿ鷽ϵҵĴүӶ˳е㲻þʩΪҲûκΰ취ֻˡ
һԺʩΪҲһջûУߡʩΪӭ֮£λٺܿѣһǹϵ൱֡
־ȫöӺúһ뷨֮ǰѾˣ̩ȫˣԴʡԼϼǱߵļԼ־ȫ⽻һ䣬Ҫ㿸ƣһҪ˼ǿϵҪ鷳
£ʩΪȻ˫ֻӭġԷɺ֮ǰһЩӵܲͬ˼ʵʵڵĸгָ帺Ƕ쵼һġ
־ȫ֪ʱʩΪߵúܽﻹǷǳĵġϴڷɽԺ󣬶Ҳ˲٣οĸײ뿴ӵĳɳأ־ȫȻҲ⡣
һǴǶ֪ʩΪߵúܽϢģԴ˵ǲ⣬˵ԸԼƽʱ˵ôۣ֮Ⱥ֣Ը˳ΪҲͲˡ
˵ʩΪһ㣬ûʲôвһȴһֱԷô˵ҲǿߵһŶӣ˾Ļָʲôʱͱĳһ£ʱڻعͷҪصĻǿɾͳˡ
һǱ뷨һֱʩΪ񣬲ֻҪһ紵ݶͼʱ㱨


һǧʮ ͷ
ɪĺشŴأļĸоٽʱϡϡƮ㣬űߣĿ֮֮һƬ
һԴ˾ϤˣÿĶ죬ϼһۺʡӦ죬ֻе̩⡣ʹ˵鲻ˬѹ֮Уܡ
ϰԺ˿ûмļ칫ġʱ͹ʾˣǲҪ򿪿յһܾˡһֱԶʹÿյǺܸðܾɤɸɵģȵĸоֻҪر䣬г칫Ŀյǲ򿪵ġ
ȻûеҪյʱ򣬾ˣһлǽֻձⱭӲȲʱоҲһѡ񣬲Ҳ̣ʱ仹ر𳤣ȷʵ
һ׼̹Ŵ绰ܲǱ߽ڿܻһŹ˽һ̩صһֻľۺʽҪܱ߸Ϊʵһ㡣
֪ϢԺһѾò̹źͻ¿ҵϵˣԷ˽һ¾˵ϴεԺԻ¿ҵΪĶ̩Ƿǳչ˵ģϾһչֳǿ󱳾й˼ɣ漰ܲǱߵĿͲġ
һɲ뵽ʱｹʲôõӡĻӰ쵽̩ĳԶչԴ˻Ǻӵġ
ʱһֻͻȻһ澹ȻӦ´ͷĵ绰һúм֣Դ̩ԺͶԷ֮ϵࡣͶԷͬһˣֻҪϵˣûҪߵ̫
绰ͨԺ󣬵绰ͷ˹гãӦͷѽ֪
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦ漴˵ͷʲôʱҲô秵ˣɲƽʱķѽ
ͷ⻰ԺֻһȻﰵ⻹Ϊϴ˵һ˿Ķ㽲ţͷȴһҲûб¶ͷЦ˵гൣͷȻһˣ㱨⣬ԲҲѧŵ㡣
һ⻰Ժ󣬴һֿЦõĸоֻ˵ͷֵܣ飬ô˵ô˵òĲģ˵ܲ˵ҲܱŤǻǸôô㿴
УŶг˵ôô졣ͷܲȻش
һ󣬸оҪڶʱ֮ڰѶԷ̬ȸĹȻǲܵ顣ȻˣǾ˳ȻɣȻͶԷ˵ʱомֱŤһݾη֮Уһ˵ȫǻ¡
ϰ壬绰ǾΪ˱ҵذɣʲô飬ֱ˵ɣ֮䲻ҪЩơһЦ˵
ͷ⻰Ժ˵гȻˣΪ˵ˬ̶Ⱥ͵ʱһ޶ѽ
һԷһñӶ˹ԾͲˡڵϻ⣬ۺҲѽϴ˵ͷһ˺ڸʲô˾ʱҲû⣬ڿȷʵô£Ļ˵𻰲һһ׵ġ
ͷһڣ˵Ļеˣ¶ԷУæ˵ге㱨һ£ȻֻһϢ¶㲻Ծ͸һ绰
һ׶Էô˵ԭ˵ˣϲûʲôʵԵϢֻһ;˵ϢһǻǷǳӵģϾԷ˵ܶ䲻ʱڣɲ顣
뵽Ժһֻ˵ϰ壬ʲôϢ飬Ҷˣ˵˵
һ̬ȻȽ飬ﲢࡣǳͷ˽һҪһȣһľ롣˺ǸȦӽӲ̫֮⣬һôǾú֮һľ룬ȻȻؾͻһ֮С
ͷһĻԺֻһ˷ܣæ˵гǰиֵڸ濴ӵʱ˵һϢԺҾбҪ㱨ᵽһ̸꿵Ůˡ
Ҫ˵һʼʱ򣬶ڶԷϢе㲻ΪĻ̸֣ﲻˡͷжϻǷǳ׼ģȷʵйأĻ̸ֳġ
˵ڻĹܶ࣬һȴΪһɺϡͷϾӴһʱ䣬֪һЩºţ༰Ļ绰
һʱ򷴶̫ÿڣϾͷ֮Ĺϵ˵ôܣ룬ȻŶһ
ͷ֮Ȱ̸׳ûн˵̽һ˼û˼ֻűƨĵȥǿɾͲˡһһŶˣ֮ǰ뷨ȷģһȷʵйϵĻһ֡
С̸꿡Ůˣͷ֮ǰѾ˽ˣʡίУΣһӦʱ򣬾ȥڵУѧ֮ҪеĻǵҲ˵ùȥ
Щ򣬴ͷѲǸֻ֪Ѳ˵˶ݵĽçˣӻëżȻ˵һСУҲܷڱĹϵһȥ죬ڿЧͦġ
ͷûæſڣǰ֮ǰë˵Щͷ֯һΪûˣڵ绰ͷ˵гġ


һǧʮ ̸
ͷĻԺһͷ淸ֹʵ벻ĶˣȻĸ˾һĴļƲߣǿɴص˼ѽ
ղţͷڵ绰һܵһϣëм鵽һӵʱµһС̸ܸһ⣬Ըһ̸꿵ŮˡԷֻҪǸŮˣȻ͵ʱѸٽϢ˵ʣ޹ˡ
Է˵Ů˺֮䲢һһԵĹֻҪͬÿ춼һٿѣ˵ȷϢˣһԸȻ˫޹
鲻Ҫ˵ͷעˣǺëҲû̫ȥǡɶԷö£ëҲ͸СܺȥˡȥҪΪװһ±ƣڶԷǰʾһķɡ
̸òʱһԲļһ˵λ磬ѶȻ󣬵бҪһ£Ů˵򲻼򵥣һͨұҲǳֵǰӷһ㣬ݽȥˣǿһǳ鷳顣
⻰ԺҲһһŭɶȵǸС
˵˰أ㱻ߵļһˣԷ˵Сɣұ죡
Щ鶼ڴͷ绰һ֮ǰëϸ˽ģĻ˵Ҫô쵼㱨Ҫ㱨ĻͱЩϸ˵ˣĻ¡
Է˵أëҲæʶԷŮ˺ֱʲôݡ
УԷֻǸŮ˽̸꿣ʡίУΣ˵Ǹ˵һӦ죬Ҳ̫⡣ǻ˵ֻҪʵˣôԷûл֮ˡ
ëҲɵӣµ˶Էݱض򵥣ĻǲСֻװƵĺëʱ뷨ԶԷ˵ǱΪֻͨϰգҪǵУʦзıܸΪ񣬼ȻǲԸ˵ҲͲˣ֮ǰǿļۿеƫˣɣ˵ģ
⻰Ժûش𣬶ǻһɫе㲻̫ԸջǴӦ
ëԷĻԺ󣬺ص˵ͷǳԷûκּۻ۵ıǮǻھֱӰѶԷȻһ绰򵽷־֣ʱǿǳԲ˶ߡ
Ȼ򲻵ѣëҲôȥϾϵڵϵⲻáڼԷӦˣǵȻǽԴϲˡ
üǮԺҲһǾǲʲô̶ȣë߶ðϢ͸¶ȥ
ëԴ˵ûʲôһڴӦԷҲôȥģǰ⵱һ׮Ӧǵְҵˡ
̸Ժ˫׼ȵơףһ£ʱëµС͵һǾŮ˵ļͥΣڸٵʱиȻϴİģյ黹ҪȥЩϸڡ
Է󣬱ǣ̸꿼һ⣬ĸҲסһ𡣶ԷǿҪעľĸףɷ⣬ڱҪʱǡ
ԺСܵͷˡҪ˵ΪǮʲôҲͰˣΪٿǮóأ
ëͷ㱨һܹʱ򣬼һ顣ڵϵ飬ͷӸëˣںרĸ⡣Щ꣬˲ٵʱûбҪٸЩѪˣνԼƯףǾͿԳΪ˾ĳɹʿˡ
ܶںëǷǳεģͷöԷһ㱨һΣ򵥵ؽһܵҵһ㱨ʲôҪ۵ģͺһԷѰûеĻҲܼʱסǰֵܵĶϴĶԣǺбҪġ
ͷë˵µʱ򣬾Ͷһۣе鶼˵Ժֵóѯʡëȷ϶Է˵ǡСʱףΪʲôղէһ̸֮ʱеϤģԭأ
򷢺ë뿪Ժ󣬴ͷͺˡʱǲûиȷ¾һһйϵ¹ضԷ˽Ҳóѯʡ飬úëȸǸŮ˺죬˵ͷȡѺëнضһ
ġԺ󣬴ͷѻëйѯһ
ë˵ʱʲôҲûз֡Ů˵ıˣÿ찴ʱϰ࣬ʱ°࣬ϻôȥ죬ŮһԷ⣬ûκˡ
˵Ժ󣬺ëͷ˵˶ԷǸϹ쿿Ĳգҵиڻйָ´һĲʣҪ⡣жʱ仹һĸڹޣֵȥŵúʲôƵģڶͰǮˡ
ӴԺ󣬹úͺëʶˣÿֻҪԺ󣬱չʾãֻҲڽǮһ¡ëϾǸĳԷϿͻҲ̫
ëջ˵һ䣬벻ǸƯŮ˾Ȼţһʻţˡ
ëǵϻŮ֮鱾ûʲôʶڴϾȻ˵һ仰ɴ˿ɼ̸꿵ϹжôĲ
ͷ˵Ժ˶ԽԽȤпܺһйأΪ̫϶Է˵Щˡһ֣صؿԺ󣬴ͷһ绰أԷδȻûйϵҲʲôΣ
£ͷ˵绰һ˹ȥ


һǧʮ ϵ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһܲζֱ˵ĸоǺܲܣøΪˬǣ˭ڱ¡
һվߵߣԶܵһߣɫܰ˷ֱ治˿̾ʲôʱ׷ӣðһȷʵʼϲĸо
ݴͷ˵ģһ뵽ľǿ˫ìѾ·ŵˣʹֶƺҲǲܡ
뷨ͷһ漴ͱһˣɺܼ򵥡̸֮ĹϵԷӦò֪֪ⷽµĻҲȥҺëµˡ
ǿôĻ뵽ΪʵķɵĻҲе㽵ݣӦòмΪ֮
ųǿԺһеԺˣȻҪľֵĻֻ˭أ
һ˼ԺһԺһΪܵѡ⵹е֪ҪһҲ˾֡
ʱ䣬һ˺֮йϸ⣬ûкнӡǿֶΣǸȥ㡣ϴڷɽʱǺݺöԷһҪǵ֪飬úһسӣҲǲܡ
еͨģһҲһʣǾô֪ġ̸֮Ĺϵǳأϡ֪ĶõϢأ
һһԺ󣬾úͷ߿϶û©ϢǾ˵ʮа˾̸Ǳߵ⡣Բ̸꿹˵ȥһĳֻԵɺϣŵķ
ڹϹ룬κ⣬һԺ󣬾̸ֻ꿷һŹȥ߶ԷʱĻͨ绰еʶԷһ֮ô˵̸иԷһڹأ֮ǰ绰ˡ
һе£ԷҵĲǴͷˣǺѽ̸֮˵һʱ䲢Ǻܶ࣬Է˴־ս׼ֻҪڹעȥǳһԷС
ԷԤеʲôĺһǳ˵ĴġҪʱҲһ겻񣬵ǿعעټ϶Էʡˣһ뵽ʱ򣬶ͷĸо
ĵȻϲ̨棬ЩʱɱȴǾ޴ģԻһǰƽĹԱһֻң꣬ںʹͷʶʱе㿴϶Էʵ֤οֶ֮ͶԷѲ˹ϵ½ԺúúллԷ
磬һﶼܲ˵Ӵͷǵ֪ϢԺͲκӰ죬ȴʼеĸоϻ˵һû
ٽ°ʱһϻһӦ꣬һ绰ؽһԼȥһ˿Ķ˼μʲôӦ꣬˵һͷ˼
ٽ˵ʱ̸꿷һŹڷһһŹȥ㡣
˴ԼӣԷĵ绰ʹ˹飬һҲ˲úͶԷˣֱӰӴͷ˵̸꿡
̸⻰Ժһ˵þõû˵ǳҪһǰõϢʲôĽòҲһ㲻Ϊ
һо˶ԷĳԾ漴˵꿽㣬Ҳ̫ģڼȻѾ֪ϢǾͲκˣҪľǰȥȻ󳹵׵ذ½
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绰̸꿳˸⣬Ҳϣܹṩһ
̸һĻԺ԰һԺʵһҪ˽ʲôʰɡ
̸Ҳ˲ͷˣֻҪһղǾȥˡ
һ̸꿵ĻԺ󶨣ĵľǶԷԺĻ¶ڻȷɷͶԷϵҪöԷʲôԾǿɾͲˡ
֮飬б֪˵ûʲôʱС˵©죬ϸ롣һίʵ
һ֮ǣ̸ʻԺն˵ûУûСƲҲ˵֪ʲôӰ죬ǳԶκκʱҶû˵
˵Ժ̸Ϊ˷ֹһţⲹ¶֪֮Ĺϵ˵֪𣿡
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һֻ˳˼֮С


һǧʮһ 
һ˵ͬСɣڵ绰˺һ󣬻Ǿúͷһ͸ȥӦ죬´ˣʲô鶼˼ġ
̸꿵Ȼûκһֱں˵棬˵ǽС΢ģԭܼ򵥣¸һĹӰ졣ǵνԸ飬ûκιϵ
̸룬һ˵һ˵ˣ칩ԺȣծȻһ£Ҷ
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һһȻ˵ȲֹݾߣôĻҲе̫ˡ֮ǰôô½
һһĴԭ˲ҲˣұطˡպԷ˼ɻ䣬һȻʹ˷Ź
һô°ɣ㲻Ҫңνؼ㲻ܳκ⡣̸ڵ绰ͷе˵
⻰Ժһһů漴ش꿽㣬ģĻɫһûзҪҲ֪ĻܻǵĵҪϵĻô׻ˡ
̸꿶һıȻʮʱڵУֳǿģʱʡίУУƺƳɶˡڶԷֱֵӣȷʵûʲôõĵġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ̸꿱ĸ̸һ̸˵϶Բ˵ȥģѾͷܹҪĸ˵Ȼʱ仹Ҫͺ͸һ¡ЩԽܣԽײȻ˵Ļ¸ҵȥԣ˵ûʲô˵ġ
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ٹҵ绰֮ǰһԴͷ˵ϰ壬׼ȥˣ֮ǰѾ̸ϵˡ
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һ⻰Ժ󣬰˵ͷͷõǸ̸ڣֽ׶λǺбҪġԷȻǳȥģ̸ǿüŵĿꡣһ¶ĻǼпܹǽ˱̸֤꿵İȫǺбҪġ
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Уϰ壬ˣģһ˵
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һһ˶Է飬漴͹Ҷ˵绰
ǵִͷƲȥһµĹע˵̸֮йϵģĻû˹עȻͷѾܲµĽˣԴһ㣬޵ظ߶Է
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Ҷһĵ绰Ժ󣬴ͷë˹ȥɹȥ̸꿵Сܳһжָӡ
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һ϶ģǿҲ֪ǾСһ㡣ʱö֮ȥӦ죬Էע⣬ʹһнѿǡ
һ绰ѩޱйؽһѩޱԷİԺ΢΢һʵôˣʲôˣ
һȻûŶԷҲѾ˵ģֻǶ˵û£ӦǱ߳˵С鷳Ҫȥһ£ֹߵйϵԲôȥġˣҾͲ¡ȥ˵ˣһֱӹȥһǣֻɽȥʲôʱҵ绰
ѩޱһô˵Ҳûʡһͷʾ׶Է˼ˣٳ֮ǰعͷ˵ʲôµĻ绰ﲻʲôæҲİһ㡣
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һҲͶ̶̼ʮ꣬ΪԼͥҪܶණûа취飬ܹҲץסһЩЩҲְҵͻȴע޷֡ȻĻҲ˳ȻɣүȥҪеĻһҲˡ
ѩޱг칫ҳȥԺȥְˡǳһôĿϣһ㶯ܴﵽ˶ĿĿģĻûбҪ֣µؽе칫ҹµġ
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ǷǶ࣬⻰˵һҲû
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ЩҲǸմӲӻˣǳֻܺѩޱ˵ϻڵģһ£ҲչֳС೤
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ѩޱĿģȻЩСϽƽϣǶԻ˵гҪȥɽصУҪһʱ䣬ܵ·ȽԶѳͼ˾鰲һ¡
У֪ˡش
ѩޱһת׼뿪ˣֻŲ֮ǰǺݺݵǸܻ𳵵ļһһۣ˼ǱΪղ˵ǻûֻǿڻ治һƽϡ
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ѩޱʵ͵ԼĵصˣųԺԷһ绰ֱɽضȥڶԷ档
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·ʱ̸꿱㽫öŷˡһԺ󣬱ϢɾˣҪһۼЩϸھͱˡ
ӦԺһûκγɣֱļƵȥ


һǧʮ ңָ
һһͷļƵԺ󣬾ûٳϺʹͷʱҲھƵķ档̸ٽʱ뿪ģ˵ͷܲµһ֮ĹϵµϾͿ¡
ͷʮ뿪ģ˺һϴϢˡ˵ڻѾûʲôˣȫԴ绰̸ٹһסˣûôȥ³ʲôԤ벻Ļɾˡ
׻˵úãһ򣬾һѾз£һɲʱðʲôգֵֵò˵ҲûǸҪ
ʱһͽӵ˴ͷϢǰŵѾ̸꿵ǶĹϹͷˣ˫ѾһŶ
ϢԺһͷģΪϵʱʵʩƻأ˭֪ͳˣԣǸϢ
һߴͷ͵˵һڸԷĹ̲ҪżҪֲԾܽˡ
һĻԺ󣬴ͷڵ绰ͷ˵гֻܷһٶʮģĵǴϱ߹ƽµģϱ߶ǺպҪʰĻǾǷַӵ飬ҾԲ¶š
ͷĿȻһ㣬һԷ˵һʵ̸꿵ϹȻϲĲ̸˵ϡƽλǴϷģʰƵġ
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ͷ⻰ԺӦΪһԷģ벻ȴҪ⻹е֮⡣
Ҷϵ绰Ժһĵȴ֮Уȷʵûмյ뷨ȴıˣΪмӦúеϵˡ
ң̸꿴һ绰һǲҪһԷһܾˣ֪Ů˴˿̵ҲܣûбҪĿһĻˡֻڵ绰ﵭظ߶ԷͷǱѾʼжˡ
ʱһѾļƻȫ̸꿣Ҳõͬ⡣̸ҪǲԸĻԲôȥģ˵ˣӦ˽£ôԽ޴ҡ
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һʱ̸꿵ĻԺһеڣû̸ȥ飬Ļάţͽ֮⣬ûκ塣
˵ʱ򣬴ͷ˵绰һǻѾʮȥˣѾˣעѾԽԽˡ
һһʾ֪ˡ
ͷ˵ȥҪ˶ãӦþͳŲסˣȵʱĻٴ绰ġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ񲻶ĸо飬ǵһеһֱһĺ֮ˣҪǶԷĵߣټϿ͸ԷʲôУĻȡ˼˵ֶεġ
ͷǲҪһȥʱһ˺һջǾܾˡ˵Ժ󣬾ͽе鶼и˴ͷҪǹȥĻʱ˵ĲӲ¡
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һվһ֧̣ڷ˲˶ɢעֲõĸоߵڵʱش˴ںڰǵҵƻͷдĶࡣ
ʮʮʱһٴνӵ˴ͷĵ绰
ͨԺ󣬴ͷ˵гѾˡǷһһʮ򣬵ҰǷǰʱͲʹȥˡ׼ôʱ˾Ѿɵˡ
˵ʱ򣬴ͷͣ٣Ȼ˵ұ·ѡһǶ˫֣Ӵ˲ٶˣһЭǩ֣ȻӡҲӴԺ󣬺ûаϸ𡣡
һһߴͷǣֻҪǻͬ飬Ӹ̸꿣÷ʵزһ㣬ͷڲʱᶼûиǽˣЩ棬ȷʵݡ
ҵĻԺ붼û룬ֱѡ˺ߡͷ˵ǩԺұһǷϻһʮġ
Ŷôһɻʵ
ͷ󣬺ǺһЦ˵ղŲ˵ҪҺ˵ˣʵشĻǷұĻߣߣ֮ǰҺ˵ľһʮģҿû۸ٺ٣
һ⻰ԺֿЦõĸоͷܻ쵽ֵزҲżȻụ̂Դﲻ߶ȵġ
ϰ壬ɣҾͲȥˣѵ绰ֱӸֱһԺ˵
˿̵ĲһûаȤ
УԵһ£һ¡ͷ˵
һûüڣ߱㴫˴ߺ㣬ҹǱȥҴ㣬Ҫʵ˵ˣʮˣĻǿɾͱˡˣܲܰסǿɾˡ
һΨΨŵŵӦֻ潥һʶͷӦðѹû˵ĵطһ¹ˮ©֪һñ֪͹ͨԲŻ˵İš


һǧʮ Զ²
ڶݵİһĶߴһСʻι󡭡ãʲô
һע⵽ǻһɽˣҲãÿһʲôԷʣ˵ʡȥһ鷳Ϊ϶ԷһɤѹѹʵĻҪʵشʮǷһֵܸģĻߣ
磬ʲôֻʣֻҪ֪ģһʵ档æؿ˵
ڿǵĲ˵˵⣬ǵλϴʵ⣬شˣĻʮǷòͷ
һȻûм棬ΨΨŵŵ˵ﲻɵһΪ̸꿲ֵͷԷȻĻɫʮü꣬ɱ
վŮĽǶȿ⣬ӶԵԼĸܡ̸꿵˵ΪŮԼίȫһ𣬵ŮҸֻδá
ֻһһ˲뷨̸꿵ѡûκȨɣɴ˿ɼε鱬̸˵δʲô£ٿ԰¶ģ뿪
뵽Ժһֻ˵ⲻòĵ飬ֻҪ֪˵ˣ֪˵֪Ϲࡣ
УУ磬֪ˣʰɣ˵
һ̣һͻȻһֲԸٺĥߴ뷨ҲˣʶԺһ˵ҵܼ򵥣ǼһϢǴİɣ֪أ
һ㲻׼ֵĸһϢǲǴģһֻҪȷµĻһǾԲҷ񶨵ġµĻŻԷ񶨵ġ˵һûк棬ͨⷬͨѾĴĦһˡ
ȻһϣĻ䣬绰ͷӦ磬ҲǺֻ˵©죬Ҳżסġ˵ʵģĶгĿһֱΪ˵ģֻǼһӲҪҾ͸ˡ
ƨһŭ漴ŭֻͷӹһȥҾûˣ
һ˵⻰ʱȷʵŭҪǹ˿ǰĻһ̧߹ȥġĶ˵Լŵģ˵ҪǶ̧ˣֱͲˡ
ǰѾˣ֮԰ǣΪ̸ƽʱУʱ˵©죬ǡɱȥˡڱҴʱ򣬱ȥˡ
ȥе˼ȴôˣʱôĥܶ࿴Ʋܷʱ򣬾ڲ֮䷢ˡ
һ֮ҪҹϢôй¶ȥġ˵ǼʲôˣʶǵĵȵȣȻдͷȥټһԹΪܣһҲԸ˵ֱӽʹһ٣ֻͷˡ
ͷһȷѾõҪĴˣ˵糿Է㱨
һ룬˵ϰ壬ɣǱߵ鴦һ£Ȼֱӹɣһ£һô졣Ҳ֪ҵݲ㣬ܴĻ׽֦
УгҪ´ϢȻĻҰСʱԺ͹ͷ˵
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Ҷϵ绰Ժһһˣûеôأ̸֮ʲôһ뵱ȻĻֻҪ鴦ãͲκˡѾ뵽õĽˣȻɿˡ
ڴͷһ͹ˣһʱ̸꿴һ绰֪ʱ価ܲˣҹԷ˯ߵģȻ绰쵽ڶ̸꿱
һû˵ֻǰߵ򵥵ظһ¶ԷӹǵõϢ̸ǰֻδᡣ鵽̶ȣѾˣһɲеʲôѹ
˲ûж˵յĽ߶ԷԺһ͹Ҷ˵绰ʱǳ⣬ټ̸꿴˿ڼ׾ĸ׺ͺӡһֻǲöԷ̫ģ˵ģϸ˵
һҶϵ绰Ժ󣬵ڶ֧̻ûг꣬ͷ㵽ˡȻҲʶһ˵ΪΣνһ˹ģһֱߵûд
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ԺһüͷһʵԷôµģ
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һǧʮ һ
һҪʹͷһôѹ㶨ֻΪĸһ׼ͷһһ£ںµǼһʲôͷʶԷҲһͷˮʱ⻰ûгڡ
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һ΢΢һ֮ǰֻŸ㣬ûϸڡΪ˷̸ֹǰе㲻˼һ˵¾鷳ϰȥһ˰ɣʱ򣬸绰ġ
һ֪Ϊ£ͷҲˣѾҹˣ糿ʱ϶úú˯һᣬ˵ʱ̸꿺ϵ
Угܷģһȥ졣ͷ˵
ǰλʡίУǸŮһйϵģȻ˵ĻǶԷȻϣ֪飬Դͷ˵ȥ¡
һԷ˼ˣ˵ͷȻ˵ϰ壬ˣ
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˵⻰Ժûֱͣӳ˱ݵšͷԷǴˣ˵ֱ̫׾û˼ˣڶԷ¶һ˿ڷԺ뿪ˣ˵ϣѾ㹻ˡ
ڸ㶨ˣһһˣϾһûн⿪ܻôһ㲻ѾоˣڴԺȴôҲ˯š
һ̫ģʹͷԼˣٶ֡һûκ飬ټٴ͵͵عģԲڴ֮ͥ¶ϢĴʱ䡣
˵ڵ⼸죬̩᲻ʲôһһҲģÿ춼ѩޱʾϵԷ¡ɽתأټƿϣԲκġѩޱʲô紵ݶĻһһʱϵԲ¡
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һչҶѩޱĵ绰̸꿵ĵ绰ʹ˽Է˵һһԷһȻ˼룬ͷͬˡŮʱ¶ģԲŻ˱֣Ȼپܾˡ
֮ǰһһֱĶԷ˺ëԺǲǻкУôͷһ£ڿ뷨ӦǶġȻȷ˫ûʲô⣬һȻ̸ܾ꿵Ҫ
һͷͬԺ̸꿺ܿģ򵥵˵Ժ󣬱˵ȥ׼緹ˡһЦһ£ʾͬ⡣
ٽʮһʱ̸꿾һķšԺһŷϾȻŴССĺüʳУŶԷǽ绨ӣֻһжƵʹȫ
̸꿿һıԺƣ˵ʲôˣֲûп
һϵмֲȻæԷ˽
ӦԺʱ䣬һûôԵúãҪΪ⣬̫ͷ¶棬ԳԷļƵġ
꣬һ̸֮԰Ļĵصѡ⣬ҪΪƽƫ٣̫˵Ĺע˶ԣȻǸܺõĴڣ̼˵һˡ
ⲻǺܺãϰҲھӪ϶ʲôԽˣסǻУʳһͲࡣһڳЩʵķʱﶼһɻʦļǲǺʦѧģҲ̫˰ɣ
̸꿴ЩҳˣȻûʲôɫҲɫζȫһԵø㡣̸꿿Էѿĳ඼һס֮УֻΪӰһԷӲǿš
һԺ̸꿲飬յĽȻѾ֪ˣڹ̻ǺܺģϾºءһʻԺûľϸ˵˳
̸Ϊ˽νĶծ壬ȻԥЭǩ֡˵ϣĽһʵʱ̸꿵ﻹǺе㲻ζ֮˵ڼǰ͸ˣܹһڳﵱȻе㲻ζ
һҲ̸꿵е㲻ԣǿ˵꿽㣬²Ĵ˵ʵ֮ǰҲôǲе֣ԴϺͨ˵绰ԺҾҶĹĻ̫һ㣬Ӧʱ򣬾Ӧ䲻㣡
˵⻰ͬʱһǣ̸꿵֣Ȼ뻳С̸ԥʱһȴϵصͷ˶Է촽̽ԺٽˣԷ࣬Ȼ
̸ǺľȻɶԷʩΪҲ鶯ѡ
һʱҪΪ˰οԷȵȼӴԺĳЩҲ˷Ӧ˼ѹͷǳټϸղűһ٣Ǹúúһˡ


һǧʮ Դ
ֱͷ̸ϵ뿪ļƵ꣬һ˯һᵱȻֻܰ˯ˡ
ңͷ㵽ļƵ꣬һ׼ѾˣһŮò˵Ϻһ̸꿡˵Ϸһ飬ͷɲЩСϸ϶úܵλ
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һڴͷϸģοڲ־˭һҪСĽĻ뱻
ص㣬ǾͰƵ꣬ǱߴñȽϿڽ治ױԷ֣ʱúëҸڣӳһʱ䣬㹻Щһˡͷһ˵
֮ǰ׼׷һǽԷסԺֱӱһףԷ⣬һӦĲԺٱ
һ֮ǰʾͷȺͰֳǿкҪǳĻ̫˵ôͷȥ;ǿϵĻûκ⡣ͷȻͲĻᣬŬƯףܺ;ǿʵȨϵĻ֮õ顣
ͷ֮԰ѵصѡƵ꣬һԭû˵ǾƵҲĲҵڰĹϽΧڡһĻܳʲô飬ڼʱƽ
һֺʹͷһȷûκˣųŶԷ˵ͷʾ̶ȥ졣
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һʼʱ򣬻е㵣İţƵע⣬Ļɾеòʧˡ֪ƵǴͷĲҵʱų׷ǰӦʱûпۣͷȷʵֵһһɺݾ˵ﻹǳϸ壬һ˺򽻵Ļֵõá
һźԺ󣬴ͷ뿪ˡúë߶ԷʱǾŵ㣬һʱ䣬ȥһ㲼ãûκˡ
һ˿ȻмֽţҲ̫ġںȲʱ򣬴ͷ˵֮ǰѾ;ǿϵˡλ˵һ飬һڴӦԷ˵׼ģʱֻҪһ绰ˡ
ڴսǰһ˵ʱ£ﻹмֽŵģʵ벻ףǺηʥҪȥҲ̫һˡӦǾϻڽƮܲ
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ô˵˵ϿȥŮˣʵǷδȻϴŮ˶˼Ļɾеˡ
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ͷ˵⻰ʱĿɨ˸ղŻһŪɧŮ˺վһСӡ
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ͷǺܵģǺͶԷֻǺϵûбҪԵ̫飬Ļе㲻ǵݡ
ʱ򣬴ͷëһ𼸺ÿһϸڶǵˡëʼʱе㲻ΪȻͷһѵԺҲκʾ֮ģϴ;ʦϸ
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һǧʮ Ҫ
һʶԺŲŲƨɣǰ㣬ԼעڱΪηʥ˵֮ǰͷѾˣë˻ʱ䣬ԷòģһǾҪóֵ׼ֹɴԷľĻɾеòʧˡ
һԺĸſڳˣñȽԶһòǺǾǰǸе죬ɻ֮ʣߵ˺ëĸǰվסˡ
һ˿̲ŷִͷ֮ǰ˵ĻȷʵǿŵġëǱģԷҪվ佻ĻȻֻվĶ棬һĻҲһĶ棬ԽԷһ
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һûüʰǵʱ򣬽͹˳ǵĺ̨ϰٺ鱻˳о׼ͷʱѾǰʧˡԷйڣһ»ǺܹĵģӦйֳ˽˵õĴȴѶ
벻ʱԺǾȻֻصӦˡ϶˷ȥˣôˡ뷨ҲǰǲµĻԼʺûɾ£ұ˵鷳ǲе㲻֪ߵغ
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ȷϽ͹˳ǶвԺһͰһе˵ϡϸԺһ԰ٷ֮ٵȷϣһˣ˵Ķˣ֮йʲôӣһӡҲûˡ
⣬һ뷨Ǿǰ˳е죬ɾĶ˵վڽ͹˳һһʶĸоƫƫôҲͱǰ㴰ֵֽģܲ
ֳһʱ䲢࣬Ҳ˵ȥϸ̽һһԿ϶ǼȻͽ͹˳Ǵһһ֮ѣֱӱӦòκ⡣
Ժһԥˣֱֻͨ˴ͷĺ롣֮ǰԼҪϵĻֻͨţ绰ôĿĺܼ򵥣ķԷľڵһѾеˣòСģֱõ绰˹ȥ
ͷֻԺóһ澹Ȼһĺ룬ԥһ£˽һʱ򷸺ͿȻ绰һб䣬ϵؽ˵绰
绰ͨԺ󣬴ͷĶ߱㴫һ˵ιϰ壬֮ǰİſԼˣûбҪ鷳λˣֱӸִ绰˵ͨأֱӹץˣ
ʲôͨͷе㲻ԼĶ䣬ظһ䡣
һǺһЦ漴˵ңԲ;ǿ˵ĻеΡ
ͷ⻰Ժæ͵гҲ˼ǵġ
ϰ壬֪㲻˼ģҵĻȥԲκ⣡һһɵ˵
У֪ôˣͷϵش
һҶϵ绰Ժ󣬴ͷ˾ǿĵ绰ͨ绰ܿͽͨˡ
ͷ˵ͨƣǿе׼ˣ֮ǰԷ˵мҪæ漰̩гһǿûʲô飬һڴӦͷ˸ʲôǰǾԲҵģеġȻһ飬ǿȻҵʹӦȴͨģ⵹е㲻ˡ
ͷ˾ǿɻ󣬶ԷķӦԤ֮УǵᣬԼǷǳȷϡȶԷѯʣͷ˵֣ϢԴûκ⣬ܷģλۿġ
û˵ֻλ棬ǿȴһӾе˼ˣֵǸһŶ衣һֳǵȻдˡ
ʶԺ󣬾ǿ˵У֪ˣסЩһʹ˹ȥ
˵⻰Ժ󣬲ȴͷش𣬾ǿ͹Ҷ˵绰
ͷȻҲҵ飬ëһ绰б䣬֪ͨԷ˵ô᲻ĸһľͷҲ˲ôˣֻëһ仰ǣԷԣҪܵĻֱӸҰǷŵ
ëú⣬֮ǰѾˣֻҪϴİžˣԷô˵ôʲôҪܡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬺ëԽ͹˳˵λϰԵȣֵܸղŴ绰˵ˣǱʱûнۣǵȻȥ
˵ϴнʵڲеĻֱӰĸ£ڻûа¶ܺƵĻΪʲôأֿҪġ
ëĻԺ󣬽͹˳Ҳûзϣϻ˵׽࣬׽˫Ǳ߻ûа£ȥҲûκá뵽ǿܾʹץסǼһİѱ˶һۣǵ⡣


һǧʮ һ
͹˳֮Իһ֣һԭԺͨ绰˽⵽ѾûʲôˣǱĵǱ˻ʼе㵣ģʽ⵨ӽҲʹ
޵ĽܡһĽ˵Ȼġͨ˽⵽֮ݽȥǺǸһкܴϵ
źúñһ¶Էһ֪һʱ̩егˡ˵Ѿ䵽ⲽأ㵱ǿ׳ʱҲǶԷĶ֣ΪʱǿٺҲǰѣڹٳϣ֮ζʲôˡ
ɱУ֮ʣλͬˣ˹ͬĿ궼̩гһʹЭȥѰҿɳ֮
෽˽⵽ийļһ˵ƺǸеæҵ˶Էþƺò˵дһԺԺ󣬽͹˳ǵеˡ
˵ô̫϶ܹôһǵȻܾʹ˷ŹԺǾõΡûб̫ϣȴͻȻӵ˺ëĵ绰ǵˣкһ㼱ææظϵƵˡ
ڵȵĹУ͹˳˵ǷǳëԵеġëҪٵȶãԷҪǷԵĻǾⲻҪ֡ܶ˵ֱǼҳ㷹ûκοԵĵģҲüֵܵӰѾˣҪܵǾǲܵġ
ëĵһ֣ƱػᾪסĿˣҪǴȥĻԾƵܲƵǴͷĲҵûĹؼɺëаֵĻֱܺߣ򲻵ѣëԲϣǿнĸһġ
ںëʱͻȻһӿüδʶΪǶԷˣ۾һɨ裬㷢ĵǶġƾ켣ľ飬ǰ⼸Ǳ£Ƿʣʱһ۾ܿġ
͹˳ǿԣ׼ŵĨ͡˭֪Ǹ׼ʱ򣬱㿴Ը⿴˽˱ǰֳǿٺ֮ǰ͹˳ǿǰ޵Ȼʶǿͬԭ򣬾ǿҲʶǡ
ǿŵʱ򣬿͹˳վǣ׸ղŴͷ˵ͨ˼ˡٺոձʱΪһǿûٳԿͷ벻ʱ޽ԺλȻԼˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ǿԺ󣬽͹˳ǵ֮ǰЩʲôˣôҲ벻ڿӸ벻һСİԼݽȥˡڵǱ˼׽ˣҲݵˣȻֿԵ콫óԺ󣬶ԹԵذ˽ȥ
ʱվһȴߴش󺰴Ҵ˼
ëĵľ֮ǰ͹˳־ԺΪκˣ벻һﻹǲȾ̧֣һ˹ȥںë߷һ˵ʱһҲվھǿߵľƷˡ
䶼ʧȥ˷ȴڹϹҽУ֪˵Щʲô
ǿǲˬǳߵʹһɫ˱ᣬ𱣽ԱһߵĨǵ
һһ߰ڴ﷢һĻͨվڽ͹˳һﷴĶ˭ˡ
̩ʱһԷͮ裬صڵʱ¿ĺɽݡȥóһ㣬ټǶİرߴ˰ձ˳ͻʱֻ˵䣬һͼǵĵв죬һƼʱֺݺݵʰһ绰Фˡ
һǴԴҲ벻ͷͽ͹˳Ǵյһȥնһݺβú泤ʶеԲˡ
ǿƷԺ󣬲û˴ĸһľϳ֮ǰͷһ绰򵥵ؽԺ󣬾ʹ뿪ˡ
Ƕ뿪Ժ󣬴ͷ㽫һŵ˺׷档֮ǰѾ˵ĲҵһȻҲƴˡ
ͷ뿪֮ǰһղžǿ֮ǰ˵һԶٷǲʱ䡣
һûлشͷĻԺ˵£֪ˣҴ绰˵Ժͣ٣˵лϰˣ֮ǰ˵ǻɽˮ꣬Ҽˡ
ͷƴ䣬һټ뿪ˡ
һƵĺ׷˯һѹͷһʯͷˣ˯
ڶһ磬ոӣֻˡһһϰߣֱӴӴϷϴԺ󣬳ֱ̩ȥ
һǳˣøлܶˣ׵ľǴͷ;ǿͷǿҪԷζѵģι˽ж˸ôĵģټ뿪̩ʱҲ㹻ˣҲеĲ£ѡڶһĵ뿪
˵ǿʹͷٷһҪԵģǣһʹˣֻڻʱ
ϰʱ֮ǰһѾİ칫ˡԺʲôûæóֱֻǿͷһ绰


һǧʮ ԤԼӷ
ǿ֪һѾ̩ˣڵ绰ʾźһ˵ǰһԷʱ˵ˡֻһ£һ¹ϵûöԷרŹԷ˼Ļɾеѳ˼ˡ
ĳʲô̵ģһʡͨķˣһ˳ƻһͼթİӡǶ˵ӦøлһŶԣĶöԷԷأ
һûк;ǿִʲô¸ôѾˣʱֱӺͶԷϵˡ
绰Ժһ룬Ǹ̸ȥһ˵ʱѾͶԷ˵ˣҪ˳ĻڶһͻȥˣʱͲٺˡϾѾ̩ˣ߶ԷһҲΪࡣ
绰ͨԺһ̸꿣Ѿˣ˵ٸԷ绰ʱġ
̸֪һӦüˣȥһкܶҪҲûٶһʾ֪ˣȶԷĵ绰
һ׼˵ټϵĵ绰ͻȻæҶ̸꿵ĵ绰ϵĺɫϵĻͲ
ιһλһʵ
䲻Է˭绰ģԲͨˣϣһǺעġ
гѽǺѽ˵ǰȥˣŸոջ쵼࣬ӦðŽӸ磬֪гӡκڵ绰ͷ˵
ѽллˣ˵ʲôӲӷģһһۣû⡣һش
һ䲻κŴ绰ĿģֲЦ˵ĵ֪ģ˵κžԲԵ޹Էһʲô˵ý˻˽һ£ٺòˡ
κ⻰ԺЦ˵УǾ˵ˡһֱŷɽȼٴǱߵȪǳúһݣ֪гΣ
Уû⡣һˬ˵
һκȻһȪĽڣʵǲһԷԷǿˣǡгԸ̩йٳϼʲôܡ£κźһԷĻƵȲѷ꣬ǿǱ߾ͻ֪Ϣˡ
κڽĵصŵɽȥûˣǶ˵ξˣģҲֻ֣˾Ӷ࣬ϣһ㲻Ǳ߶ġһʹ󽵵˵ĸʡ
һֻ֪ǺκôһԭһԭѡڷɽҲĵ˼˭ȥ֪ɽζȼٴһĴ£Ÿģ˵ĵҲΪ
ܺκŻʲôĿģܰѵص㰲ĵϣȷʾʲôһľٶöԷĵ˼
Ҷϵ绰Ժһ׽һκŵ⣬ȴûʲôͷҲͲţǼˡֻҪԷûʲôͼûʲôõĵģʱ˵ˡ
һһĹѩޱ˽촩һƵϥ£ɫĽ㣬ȥĶˡ
ѩޱҪһһȥӦôˡȻԷȥΪʲô飬һԿ϶һǷǳҪ飬һСĽºͻȥɽعʲ
ǵɽĵڶ糿ƿʹ绰ˡԷȻҲ֪һûкһ𣬵ǰһϷ
ѩޱ֪һƿ֮ĹϵڶԷæһҲֻ֣еΪһģȥӦ鲻˳һ磬Ժ󣬱㿴ҹһĶţǱºͻϻˡ
ԺĶûȥֱӽг칫ҡ
һԷһеӣЦЦ˵û£֮ǰҰøһ㣬Ϊߵ˸ģǱԺ󣬲ŷֲô¡ǻģ뵽֮ǰķѾųȥˣҲˡ˼죬ίˣԷǸˡ
ѩޱһⷬˡ˵Էû˵ʲô飬֪˭ԼܣԷȻ˵ȻҲȥɳʵ׵ġ
ѩޱԷɵЦ⣬Ҳ뿪Ц˵гСŮӳԷȻܲӣɲ˵˾͹ˣҿɴղײգͽϰɣ
ϿɲСһ˵
漴ͰѸղźκŴ绰Է˵˳Ҫǵ˵ӣһǾԲ˵ģѩޱ֮ϵȻܻЩģͬʱҲŶԷ˵ȥġ
ѩޱһĻԺ󣬺ǲʵôԷأ
һûüش𣬵绰ˣһǺκšڵ绰һԼһº롣һӦԺ󣬺κſ䣬͹Ҷ˵绰
ѩޱһͺκŵͨڶôˡһѻͲڻϣ˵һҪǲµòĻʮа˾Ϊֵܳ䵱˵͵ġ
Ŷ⻰ô˵һʵ
ѩޱ⻰Ժ󣬳ŶԷݸһЦ漴Ͱ֪˵˳
κһܣκһֱ⣬ˮࡢɳʯǽשذ壬˵һӪһίίίǵĸţ벻ѣ˫꽨̩ڿ˵Ժա
һ˫ꡱֵʱ򣬲ɵòһ˿룬ò˵κŵֵܻǸ˲ţԴ˵ˣûкκŵ׿ϵĻҲôȥ㡣
Ļںκŵ绰һеˣκѹ̬̬֮֮ͣأ


һǧٰʮ ͼ
ѩޱ뿪Ժһվһ֧̣ߵ˴ߡʱϲһƣԶ˼άƺܸӻԾͬʱҲ˼⡣
ղѩޱ˵һûκ⣬Ļȥ˵һ˼ǣκѵֵֻܵ飬ϵҪ˵СĻʲôûУҪ˵ĻܸκŴĪ鷳˵˳ƲŶԡ
һȻɵΪκųһУǾԲܵ顣ǺκУ£һӸԼҲ߲Ŀǰ߶ˡ
һôҲ²͸ԷʱǰͻȻһǵôź˵ǱߵĽԼҪ̱ˣǺȴСһֱŶûⷽ¹Ķλȷ㷿زͰѷþˣ˵ĽȥˡϵǮˣ˭ҲܽǮȫ⣬ֻҪõǷݾˡ
֮ǰź˵µʱһû̫⣬Ҳȷϣ绰Ŵ˹ȥõԷ϶ĴԺһˡڿ԰ٷ֮ٵȷϣκԷĵ绰⣬ֻΪ˰ֵ⡣ֻһвűúˡ
ǿȻû׼öڰ÷ԭϵĹ÷˫깫˾ӣһĻκŵȻҪʲôĿǰ£һбһǿɵɱΪ޴ġκ̴˵ǲԷһ˵
һпȥܺҪĻκԼٷӦôĲŶԣôСģϣ˼ɡ
һԲţ֮ǰһˣȻ͵Ժٴ绰֪ͨºκǾ˼ԺԲ᷸˵ͼĴĽ;û룬֪ô׹ˣԲŻִһ绰
Ȼʱ²͸κôԭ򣬵һǿԿ϶ģԷظ㣬޺Ȼ˵ĻһȻͺκһԶٷˣҲ뿴Էĺ«澿ʲôҩ
Ժһһ绰롣ûкͶԷ˵Է飬һˡ̩ˣһҪϢ⣬һ飬ûʲôļ⡣
һ°Ժ󣬺ͺһȥ˷ɽΨһհ´Ҷ֪ǿĻ˵Ҫ쵼֮һź
һͺ붼˵˭ҲûнϡһҪһӰ죬߾ۼˡҲҪЧ˶֪֮
ǿⷬĻ˶ԣûдκθӰ죬ĳ̶ֳ˵һ
һȥɽǸûκˣ˭֪ɽһһָģǶ˵ķ֮ҲΪ£ͺȥԶٷһȪˡ
κűһͺҪСˣ̩е˶֪һĵ̣ǿµĵɽҪǺѻ߼ȥǱ߹һµҲ˵ҪϹȥĻⲻҪһΪʲôء
κ֮ԼǱߣȻȾͺˡ˵ɽǱ߱ȽۣϾȥ˲࣬˿ĿҪЩƵ˺ܶǣղѡġ
˵ȥʱ᲻ᱻ˿̫⣬Ͼ̩ȣعҪͺܶ࣬Ӧò޴󰭡
һںͺĵʱֻͻȻͷһǷɽȪºĺ롣һź˵һº˽
º绰ǳ򵥣ոյ֪κһҪԷʱձȽϽţⶣϴԡľ쵼ĻһԻҪ԰ţýӴ˵ôžʲô⣬ֻԼˡ
֪ϺκҪͳԷʱºڰ칫ϸ˼һǾһ绰ͨһ顣
κűǿǱߵˣټҪǳĻ˵ļ֪ºɲպΪһʲô鷳ºǳһ֣ԸԸ⣬˶ôȥˣȻ˵ĻҪг˸ùϵ
ºĻԺһǺһЦ漴˵ѽҾǺеǸˮƷʲôģɵøҶµ㹦ҪǳԵĲõĻҿúǾܾġ
ʲô˵㡭ºԴԺ˵УҼִ쵼ɺýӴ
ºĴе㲻ˣڲû˵ʲôͷĻٳ飬˭˵˾ٵؽΪٳûԶĶֻ֣Զ档⻰˵еƫȫˣҲȷһ̶˵˵µ⡣
Ҷϵ绰Ժһź΢΢ЦЦҲںЦ˵ﶼ֪͵ǱѰ˵벻Ľ֡
κŵǵʱֵܺκѾվſڵˡĳԺСȥ˳ţЦ磬ΪҵС£һˣҶе㲻˼ˡ
κŵһԼֵܣ㳵Լֵܣ˵Щʲôˣʲôģ׵˰ɣ
磬Ѿźˣ룡κ˵߳Ŵ˸ơ
κ󣬺ص˵ͷȻɽƵȥ


һǧٰʮһ ȸʹ
ɽƵ̩ĿοصĿ֮һĿǰδ깤ֻΪ˴º֮ǰĵСݸһ֡еͷ̹֮ӣҲδѡ
º˿¥İ칫ҵĴǰκֵĶһһںһϵ֮󣬱ȥӭһκſίί˵ԷҲǺһԼһģӦøӡ
תһ룬ºִ뷨κ֮ԶһĳԷзǳҪһǵĸ˿ȻԷ뷨ȥӭӶԷⲻû
״ԺºͰĵ¥ϹۡǳһٹȥƣкһһҪģºκżôŻҲһҪȥ
һͺ뵽ɽȪȼٴʱ򣬿ڱſվһòƺκŵˣֻҪ䰤幫֡һĶߵ˵гǾǺǵֵܣ˫깫˾ĺܡ
Ļ䣬κѾߵǵĳǰӣͷذһ˳šһĶú˳ɼƽʱûôȥһĻó˸ܵ˳ֵء
ֻһϸ΢ĶȴʹһԺκŵֵܸ߿һۣɴ˿ɼֻ֪źκļһ
κίίΪԷֵܣȥ󲿷˶Ҫӵġ˼ҸһΡӣûκ⣬òص̫װƣžΡĴεġ
κܰ÷ˮģɼҲһġһеˡڰ÷ϣԸκŵӣǰǺκṩĽĲκ⣬ǵߣĻʲôҪ̸
һ췿ӿɲϵصĻǿ˵ǺҲ˵һɲӲӵ⡣
һͺںκĺǰȥºûгӭӣһһҲ⣬ԷôȻΪϺμֵܣĻǺԷһдġ
ſڵʱ򣬺κûţֱץŰƿţͬʱ˵磬гͺгˣ
κ˵ˣɲͬͨˣ͹ٷĹϵǳܣԶڹٳϵЩŵˡ
ٳ˶һֱӳƺְǡгڸֵĻְǰһϣѦǡгһ֣˭˭һĿȻεĳֻЩٳ¶Ҷ̣ŻƺԷΪѦǡظг
ֵܵкԺ󣬺κæվЦӭȥͬʱ˵λÿѽһſԳȥӭһӭˣ벻ǾѾˣĳʧԶӭλгˡ
κ⻰˵õˮ©վſӭһͺ룬һף˭Ҳ˵ֵġ
һպκŵ֣Ц˵ǣ˵⻰ɾͼˣҶѣûҪô֣µġ
һ⻰ȥԺκŸղǻĻظʵȴźκ˼
⻰Ժ󣬺κŵЦΪˬˣ˵л⣬Ҳǵһֱϣҡ¡
κźͺеԺ󣬾һͺǲԲȥˡǺκֵܵģʱһҪһСһ㡣ǾֻĸˣôӲ˵˫֮Ե衣κȻϸֳִָʾСһ䡣
κŽȻλϣһȻߣںκȻǾĩˡ
Σ˭ûʱԿһ㣬ģʱһҲҪĹ˵ǵȼɭҲΪڳԷΣ˳ûκȥѣ˭Ҳ˵һصķ羰ˡ
Ժ󣬺κź͵ܺκݣָָԷһͺ˵λгΪǽһ£λܺκɽһǵһǺϤԾӦһ¡ݼһλ쵼
⻰˵üΪ壬ֻ˵һºκ֮ĹϵûᵽְҵĻɾԵеСˡκȻʶ㣬Բؽнܡ
κĻԺվһͺͷ΢Ц˵ггκλա
һͺ⻰Ժ΢΢վȻֺͶԷա⵹Ӳһ쵼̬ˣҲûҪͶԷ׽
κԺû£ֱϵľƿԺκ˵磬λг⣬Ѿ÷Աȥˣʲôģɣ㿴͸ô塣
κӲһͺȾƣԱʼơ
κ⻰Ժ󣬺ǺһЦȻһ˵гҿ˵ľˣҽ׼ˡһһ˱жˣٵһггλΣ
֮ǰһˣپһٲ˵ġ˵ģҪǺȲһϣκŵЩ˼˵ڡ
ĿǰΪֹϸ˵ǿˣȴȾƣ⣬еǣһȵĻЩҲͲˣܾǷ˵ԾȻˣȻҪԷᡣ
κŵǷ˵Ժһ˼һ£ȻԺ˵гǽľ˺ܸѽֻܿѽ
ѽǽͺͺһȸʹ죡븽͵
һǧٰʮ¾ƺ
Ȼںź죬ȾƵʱ򣬻Ǻκȵ࣬Ҳ֮У⣬˶ʵʵڵ쵼ٴϰҲο⻹ˡ
κľͦģ¶Ժ󣬻ûһ㣬ƽʱҲǾϵһԱҲ䳤ˡ
˵УһͺκźȵԶһ㣬Ҫ˲١κһֻ͵ģûҪˡҪĻܻһȶˣŴһƣԴ֪ԷľԺû˼
ԴӶһľԺ󣬺Ҳʶ˺üͶԷƴˣûмԷȶһȥôƣҪǻĻҪˡɴ˿ɼһľҪ߳٣էʱֻⷽõ͵һ㣬ΪˣϹǿ
κһͺɲǵΪ˳ԷھҲȵòˣ̸ʱ̧ۿ˿һЦһͺ룬Ժκ˵ѽλгǴæˣǺòװģҪúñһ£Ժ󣬻λ쵼Ӧأ
κ⻰Ȼ˵ú⣬ǸǱýġӱһͺԸƺͺ˵ˣЩ鲻̯Ƶʱ˭˵ûأ
κ⻰Ժվһƣһͺ˵ггҰⱭƸˣ⣬ԺǶӦ
һƾǾϴɣκȴȵһͺ⣬Ϳˡ֮ôǺȲƣĻͰһͺֵ̫֮ˣ˵뷨
֮ǰκ̹ƶȥ˵ġ
һںκٷĿ֮ǰѾˣ֪̬ȵʱˣǶƱ˵ǺѽⷽҺͺгѽҵĺȾԭǺȺãܺȵĻӰڶĹ״̬ģǣ˵ǰɣ
ǣǣг˵̫ˣⱭƱȵٺһ㡣κЦ˵
УȻǺͺܶ˼Ǿͺһɣ鲻ϣг㿴ôһźʵ
ںͷ˵Ժһƺ˵һ䣬ܣԺʲôҪģֱӺͺгϵȾƣ
̣һ˵Ⱦƣɺκֵȴе˼һǺκгɿˣȻҪúñһǶһ󱭾һﲱӾ͸Ⱦˡ
һͺ״Ҳ̧󣬽ȵС뱭ơʱμֵܸƽǺ˶پƣȶû⡣ԷȾֶֻΣĿĶѾˣЩȻ΢ˡ
ֱ߳ԱһԺ󣬺κŶƱһ˵гԺգҸˣ⣡
ӣ˼ѾˣڵȻʾˡκżȻôȥˣؼʱ̵ȻҲӡⷬɾеվӵ˼ˣȻ˵úתϵȴó
һںκŵм֣ԷܾΪֵܵıԼֻһͷѣⲢͺκ֮Ĺͨ뽻
κŵĻ䣬һվˣûпڣκǰľƿղźȵǰ뱭ƸϣȻŶƱ˵ǼȻˣһһ㣬Ǹˣ
ʱ򣬺κԸһ˵ٺòϢˡҲ˲ϰʲôˣƱͶԷһ˱ӽоһ
Ժ˶Ʊʾȫȵˣûκλؿۡ
ҪǷƽʱĻν飬еʾҪޱؽк˼֪ģ⣬֮ͺκһ߿󣬶˼
ƱԺ󣬺κֳһһƣȶԷԺСҪ˼ȴǳ
κԺ󣬳źκ˵ѽȥһʲôˣʳʲôģٰŰһ¡
κ⻰Ժæվһͺ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻתȥԺתСؽŸˡлҪλг˵߿˼Ȼ֪˸ǲ֪ˣȥ
κȥԺûȥ˭֪˷ɽζȼٴľºھߺϷдͻȻʶԷ
һԺ󣬺κ֪º׼ȥǱ߾ƣ쵼Ϊסںκ˵ĻºȻỳɣԷˣȻһͺκ˵顣Ҳѹߵһˣԭѽ
κºһӣκŵĵ绰Ŵˣ˱һȥ
ºļ룬ȾƵķΧˡκһ˾ʽһ۾ܿºһ֮Ĺϵ紫ŵķɽһķأ治Ǻ
ع۲쵽㣬ԺκŵҲû쵼ļӣºһԼԺ󾭳ºԴ˵ȻʾӭˣλίίټϾٷԺӦҲһȦˣȻ˫ֻӭԷٴιˡ
˳극ԺºŴȥһȪֱʮң˲ŷֱϳ뿪
κȥ򵥵ʱº˵ʲôҲԸգԷ˵˼һҪ£´εĻͲˡºۣ˵ոɱ۾ˣκҲûټ֡


һǧٰʮ ԭ
ʻɽԺ󣬺κںϵĺκ˵磬¶ˣλʡﲻдɽô뵽վλģһĻҪǱλ֪ˣֻ¡
κֵܵĻԺ󣬳̾һ˵ѽЩ㶼ܿóøῴף
κ⻰Ժæ˵磬Ҳ˼ֻǵĻ᲻ʲô⣬֪Ǽڷ޵ģǱе紵ݶĻɾͳˣᡭ
ǺǣʶǺõģί˼ܱõƽѽκ˵ҲΪ뷨ġ
κ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣ȴûмȥ֪Ȼѻ˵ˣǾͲҪʲôˣԷһе뷨ȫ˵ġֵܼĸ黹ͦģûҪ
κΪһͺԷҪΪ顣ȻôеСˣҲûȥµľȨȥںŵزĴֻҪһͺ뿪ڵĻҲκ⡣֮ǰǾôе㲻˼ֱȥҴţԲŸһڿӦòô£ͼ
κŽһ϶һ֧̣˵ѽ֪ѽڸλһ֣ʡҪ쵼ţȥûбõѡˣʵȴǲȻ
Ŷ磬ôе˼κʵ
ģŹģɲһѽκ˵ԼһĶֵ黹ûأȴ˵ĵˣøĴкгϢ𣿡
κ⻰Ժһסˣ˵ƽʱߵ˶Ӵͦģ߲һЩյġƽʱҲٺ˵Щ飬һеⲻˡ
κԶ˶˵˼ʡдɽֻҪʲô⣬ȸƨˣôأֲǲ֪˵Ŀǰλϸ֪ˣȻĻᣬ˭һأ˵𣿡
ЩںκŵѲһˣýὫһԶ³Ҳһ㡣
κ룬˵磬Ǳߵ飬ǿԷһߣô˵ﲻҲܰôһһõǰ;λȥҲ߯һɣһ
ѽʵһ˭Ҳܱ֤ⵥ׬⣬㲻ûҪһ׮һ׮ȥô֪ܲܳɹأûκ飬óɹȴҪеյġκ˵
κ׼ڣκ˵̩ͨԺ⼸ı֣ҾøӦñȸλбͷĲ˵һĺ룬ҪĻнĳг
κŵĻκ֮ǰ˵Ļ˻ȥȷʵһӣûһĻԲΪгΪ£ǿϴľջûܽŤת
Ļλʡ˵ʡɽλӦҲƲ磬ĻǾԲܷġҪĻѡ񵹿֮١
뵽Ժ󣬺κ΢΢ͷ˵磬ʲôֵܷǰٷ֮ٵ֧㣬ֵģ̩һɳõġ
ţѽ⻰˵ûκźο˵÷ʡصĿ˫Ҳ÷ǳĿȻˣʱһҪע⣬󿴵һ㣬۱Ҳûʲô˵ģֻҪˣ˾гԶķչ
κ⻰Ժæ˵磬ǲ˵Ҳ׼ôȥŵزʡڿɶһͷģֻҪǹϹԺ벻չѣ˵ǲ
κ⻰Ժںκļ£Ц
Ʋμֵڳ˵һͺҲûšκŸղݵȷʵ˾еѽ⡣Ҫ˵ǿ֮ʲôìܵĻתӪǵ⣬ڵǲûκⷽϢȴȥͲò˶һΪʲôˡ
һһۣԺ󣬲ſʵһ᲻ʲôè壬λϷɣ
һ⻰Ժ˳˼˺һᣬſ˵Ŀǰ治̫˵ԺκŵݣƺôȥɣҪĻɾе㲻ܲˡ
һô˵ԭģκ̩ίǣίίǿݷƵĻе̫ˡݰˣݳɹˣҲ⵽Ȧӵų⣬˵ˡ
˵վίǿȻһ֣òҲûʲôóͺκġκŵĸͿܵõջ֮Ͳˣȥ
⻰˵еҲҪһѽԷɶʱǿɾͱˡѵ
һ⻰Ժ룬漴ص˵ͷκĸͥһȻ˫ֻӭ׻˵úã֮ĲУ֮ĲޣҪһ㣬óֺ˵档
صԺһ׼ϴϢһ£ʱڲ輸ϵֻȴͻȻһǺκŵĺ룬˽
һԺ󣬺κڵ绰ͷ˵гղ˶࣬ЩҲ̫˵һеͻȻҲ֮顣˵ĻҾͲ˵ˣԺֻҵı־Ϳˣаɣ
һ벻κžȻֱ˵һе㾽æ͵ǣᣬҿû˼ȻߵһˣҾѣҪðôյġ
УȻг룬Ҿͷˣһ֮ǰǻ¿ƣκ˵


һǧٰʮ 
ʱǰƽۿӽˡһ˿ʮˣ׼ίȥˡ壬гίʱ䣬Ĺ׼ʱȥ
ϵ÷һǰӦʱ֣ӲȥģĻ˵еƷζʿٲ˴֣еһһͷ٣һ˵ʲôҲûҪҷвʹöԷͷ˺һԺһѡ÷
һ˵ڵܿ͹ۣǮȻѡˣЩȥ΢ĶҪע⣬ǧΪһݽȥŽأ
᳡ԺһһɳίǴкģҲӦʽģЩ֮飬Ҳ⡣
ʱĽӴԺһѾȷϺκŵ뷨ˣԷ϶˸ܸǰ;˸Ļͥ뷨֮ǰĵȫǶġһ˵һԵĺ£еûסһЩ쳣ֻǻȷ⾿ζʲôԾ۲һʱ˵
һⶣκʱҪʲôľٶȴʵĻ˵üǿŭ˵ɲʲô¡һκŵ˵ȴһ¡
ڰѺκŵһŰƣҪʱŸɱ⣬뿴˵Щ˺ԤϵչĻԵ÷ǳбҪˡ
֮ǰһѾͺκˣڽԺ˵ıֺƽ졣һһ۶ûκǶעȫе鳤߳ɽܵϡ
֪ɺϣ⣬Ŀ⿴߳ɽܵʱ򣬶ԷȴֻǳεһЦȻͰĿתˣвҺӵ˼
һʱ֮Ծø߳ɽе㲻ԾҲǴЩСµиоġ绰֪ͨ˵ҪĻԻл⼸ε绰ͨԺ˵£ҶˣһҪгƵģͲòˡ
һγʱһöԷʲô飬ԲûзϣӶĳ֣Ͳòˡ΢òʮֵľӦԡһʵĻ͸߳ɽһĵģ¸ˡ
ԺһʹˣȷһţҸ߳ɽһģеûס
ǳίᣬһѵҪۣǿҪԵеģһ׮һ׮̸ȥмһоյļơ
һСʱ󣬸˵Ķ˵òˣǿ˵ٽˣӸŵ鶼Ƚ϶࣬ϣ÷ڹͬʱЭǼ᳹ʡҪʱڣȶѹһС
ǿһ˵úˮƽҲлƣ˭û̫⣬ЩҶҲԵòô̫Ҫˡ⻹һǳҪأǾǴҶóӦɢǰܽᷢˣǿ˵ЩԺɢأ
ǿ˵ⷬԺ󣬲ûڴɢᣬǶ˲豭Ȼغ˾мĪ֮ʣ߳ɽȴһĽţʶһǶȥһҲڿʱæĿ˻ȥ
һʱѾʶǿһʲôҪ˵Ŀǰ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˲ࡣһ糿߳ɽܴ绰쳣֣öԷӦ֪֮һǱ̧ȥ
Է֮ǰһ۱ܹĿ֮ʱһе㲻ˡͨһγίᵱмпյĽпǶܲһȴװûһǿһ˲豭
ǿѲ豭һţɨӻ᳡һۣȻ˵ٽˣæµ֮࣬õһϢ飬ʡǿίӵ쵼һίгѽʡĹ൱֧ѽҪȥ쵼Ǳʾһ¸лѽ
£೤û⡣һش
˵ʵǿ˵ϢԺһомֳԾûиԷĿĺڣԾ͸һӦʽĻش
ǿȻҲûа·ϣһĻԺЦ˵У±Ƚϼɣʱ䵽ʱٶ
˵⻰ԺǿûһǼ˵棬Ǿһ£ίѡͬ־飬Ƚ˵һ˵ɣ
ǿ֪һǣĿ׼˺룬һĻܱ̾ͺһͻ
û뵽ǿìͷֱָμӳίĴ޵úܣû⣬ڶԷȴѡ⻹еΪѡ
ڹٳ˽ʮˣƬ̵ĻԺͶˡ֪ǿֻӣ˭һҲҪΪԷܰ˵ȥ졣Ȼ˵Ļ뵱ȻúͶԷˡ
Ժ󣬺㿪˵ǡгλίȻ೤ҵҾʹӸ˵ĽǶ̸һ̸Ҿڼλг棬κͬ־߱γίκ
֪ûκȣ뻹һҪô˵ġôһߵˣ̬һڳġͨˣܽΣҪվʱ򣬺һҲġ
˵Ժ󣬺ͣ٣Ȼּ˵ȽϷӣ˵ķֲֹһ˽ⲻλҸ˵ĸоһô׼ȷġĲԵĻָ


һǧٰʮ ˵
ȷԼĹ۵Ժ󣬺ֲôһ䡣˵̩ٳˣϾŸոյγгãȽۣԸôкҪġʲôҲö˵ʲô
ıһ⣬йоصģûжߵҲûͱˣǿвˬҲ˵ʲô
Ļ˵ԺǿͰĿκźͲˣλĺ߹ʱȻǿڵʱעҪڲϣΪڿ֮ǰ绰ͶԷ˵뷨
˵κţ֪һæʲô֮ǰһ绰û˽ӡڿǰԷͻȻص绰ˣʱϵҲûкö˵ֻǸ߶Էʱɫ¾ˡ
ϴ᳣гʱǿƵľʩΪ˵ںͺľʧˣߵӦö֪뷨ۺκţǲᣬֻҪһˡ
ǿûеȵκŻǲῪڣΪһ˻ͷ˾ί鳤߳ɽܡ߳ɽһȻ˵Ȼί鳤֮ǰǱߴܳһʱ䣬ǱߵǺ˽ģҲͺгһһ¸˿ҵĲο
˵ʱͣס˻ͷĿͶ䵽ǿϣ·ԷƵġҲ޿ɺǣǿίǣҪڳίϷԣȻҪֻ߳ɽܵڳĴ˶òô򵥣һߵúܽ֯üͷܿ
ʱһѾظоһʲôֻûпڵ˼Ȼ˼ԸݣҲǿдϣԵ̫ûзһ㡣
ǿļƻУᷢԵľԲӦǸ߳ɽܣºκźͲᷴӦ˰ģίǳԶҲУڵ˶ûпڣƫƫ߳ɽȡ
Ȼϣ߳ɽȿڣ˼ѾҪˣȻܲͬ⣬ô˵һҪġ
뵽ԺǿӲǼһ˿ЦݣȻ˵ɽ鳤˵ûѽ֪ڵְ֮ǰ鳤λϿǸ˺ü꣬ǳ˽⣬Ȼ˵Ļô̸̸Ŀɣ
ǿҪͬ߳ɽ˵ҪԷӣúһ˵ΪʲôҪôȥֻһ仰ش𣬽ʱͬˡ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬸߳ɽ΢Ц˵ͷʾл
һϵеĶͬʱ۾ɨһһԷеһߣϿκα仯߳ɽܵ΢΢һﻢˣֻܰռȶĵ·ǰˡ
߳ɽܽϵЦһգ漴һ˵֮ͨǰ˽۲죬Ҹ˾ʩΪͬ־γίһְΪʡƲḻĹ鲻˵ʱ䣬Ϊķչ˲СĹסڣȻᣬҾӦøѹѹӣϵøõķӳҸ˵һ㽨飬λίǲοҵķˣллҡ
߳ɽܵĻ趨õĳһ㣬һĳɷֶûУ˵ԺȻֹȻϵĲ豭ССڵˮ
ǰ֪ǿڱγί̸飬߳ɽܵͿʼıˡתӪǹٳϵĴɣȻѾѡҪҪȥһŭ
߳ɽ˼ǰһǰԼĹ۵㣬ܱձʱ󵹸ӰҪСö࣬ղŷԵԭڡ
߳ɽܵһԺڳĴ˶һоλе㲻ͬѰ˭֪ʩΪǿˣڸ߳ɽȴ˳ǲζѾίߡ
˻ɻ֮ʣǿĻ˵Ĺ˼ɡ΢Цſ˸߳ɽһۣȻ˵鳤۵㵹Ǻ֮ǰ뷨ıϣΪͬ־һȺڻġ
ǿĻʲô˼ɵҲóⲻͦ߳ɽܵĻһгش˼ϴڳг֮УǿƵʩΪհΪ֮ǰһһ㳡ӵ˼
һԹ˷ǰһУڿ֮ǰĪĲԾ֮һ̵õӡ֤߳ɽǿ֮ѡ˺ߡ
Ҳǲ⣬߳ɽίίεְȴί鳤˵ֱһ㣬ίĴܼңΪίǷġ£ίǲԸĻҪ뿪չĻ˵Ǿٲά衣ڴǰ£󵹸ҲͲΪˡ
Ȼ߳ɽѾѡˣһôżҲûˣûκ쳣ıֳֻǰǰһС
һܱ򶨣һȴζƿһ㣬ܲζ˾̩ίǺκšǿм֮Уڿ߳ɽܵıԺһĸоûˡȻڶԷǽǣǾҪܻܳػ׼κﰵ
֮ǰκһֱţżȿ˵ڸ߳ɽܼȻѾĳˣȻҲԳˡһĻܹһһ֣Ҳ͸Էһ
κֱӣеĲ豭ϷȥʶؼӴһֻһ˵עеϡκŸ׼˵ͻȻһǰ೤ͬ־ǣ£һ㿴˵ʹҽһ¡
˵⻰˾ȻгһоһĻܾʹˡǿܺܲϣһʱ򿪿ڣԷѾ˵⻰ˣȻþܾһжƿ֮Уһ㶼һˣʲô˾ֱ˸߳ɽܵļˣӮ䡣


һǧٰʮ 
ڴҶΪսһ֮ʣһȴ˵һ೤ͬ־ǣڽ飬˵͵һóۣԵͻȻһ㣬ûгֵʱ׼ƽʱһ£ڸԵȷһѡҲʲô¡
˵ԺԶ˶٣ζκǿһۣͬʱ΢΢ҡҡͷ˼ʱҪڡ
κŲʲô£һǿˡԷ˼ʱҪڣҲζûбҪ߳ɽһκżҪվҪΪ˸һģȻʾûҪˣȻɵɵͶԷ˵
һκŵαϿȥһʯͷ˵أԷѾ˼ˡȻ˵ĻǾûбҪ̫żˡ
ǰͻȻֵһĻһҲеûף߳ɽܵ󵹸һֱ˺ݺݰһĸоֻܰ뷨ŲöֿʲôĻΪ
һûн˵ǶϵĲ豭ղŵǻȻ˵úܼ˶ǿյʾ⣬ʲôû˵ͦκԣͬʩΪҲС
̶̵һ˲䣬һѸ˾ð۹ŵóԶһ㣬ĻױƵЩ˹ǽ
ܸ߳ɽվǿǱȥˣ˺κŵļˣҪͶƱĻѹסԷǰûٸĻͥĻһʶʱͦκĻһ֮١
κ̩֮ǰûʲôߵͷֻǽԼһ̯顣չҵҲںһҪʩΪʸаĻʸһ㡣
⻹һ˼ɵҪ棬ǿ뷽跨ίٱռȥĻᵼ¶Էķˡɽ̩еİѪĻɾ͸鷳ˡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣һһȨ⣬ڲĹˣʱͶԷ⼤ìܣһٴӳ顣
뷨Ժһ豭һţ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵ղŸ鳤Ϊͬ־Ҿ黹ǺܲģʩгӦʤγίһְұʾ֧֡
һ⻰һڳ˶ִ۾ĸо߳ɽվǿһߣһǿһսû˰ɣҲ̫
ǿէһ⻰ʱҲе㲻״漴׹ˡһ֮˵ҲһȻǿǰƣͶƱĻԷҲûκϣȻ˵Ļ䣬ѿ
߳ɽһ鳤ǳˡ֪ǰѶԷˣԺʲô䵽ĻֻԲ˶ߡһĻֻССģԱ
롢ǿŰһͷأ˭֪Լ˵һҲͲ̫ÿˣǺĬѡ˼ĬǿҲˣֻǶͬʱͬʱһǾǺݺ˸߳ɽһۡҲ̫صˣ¶ܸɵó治Ǹ
߳ɽܴ˿ɮ붨һţ۽ϵ֧ɿ˱ʣ·˻һ㡣һӦǿһʱѾԤϵˣװ⣬ʵڲ֪ν͡
ǿһһϵ˵ɫˡ̩һֱһѹסһذüȻҪúһо
ǿĿһһɨһϣһ֣Ȼ˵г˵÷ǳпѽΪͬ־ĹȷʵﶼȻͬ־Ҳֻֻһֻܵ´ˡ
һè޺ӡٴȱ˼һ֪λ̼һһ˼Ѿˣ㻹ڲģе㲻̫ص϶ֳһΪȻı
˵֮ǰһԺǿҲ֪ˣþյĵǶġĿһջȻ˵ƼʩΪͬ־ίίûʲô
ǿ⻰˵ɲ˵ȴô˵ˡ˭֪һ˵Ժʹܲһӱð˲١
ڽĿ䵽һһѯʵʱǿȷѣ˵Ҷͬ־ǺԾͲˡ
ǿ⻰˵ûйоأһ̩֮ǰһ㶼仰Ȳ֧֣ҲԣһȨһԺ󣬲ŷı䡣һʾͬˣǿȻ˵ĻһҲ֮ǰ·Ȩ
Ҫ˵ǿֻⷬǸǿ˵µĻǺݺݴǿĻ䣬Ϳˣղί˵ʩΪǺ˽⣬ѡȨңΪԸͬ־̫˽ˣѡ񷴶ԣ븺¼ͬ־ҵⷬԭļ¼
˵⻰ԺŸ¼ί鳤˵ͷ˼Էˡ
ǿΪһѾͷʾͬˣµӦòˣ벻λһӶûи˿̣еڸղ˵ǻˣ͵ˣƫҪװƣºˣ˺ݺһơ
ʶԺǿʱֲղŵĹȥˣĻָʲôأ
뵽Ժǿæ˿֮ǰ˵ղλѾԼĹ۵㣬ҪûʲôĻ飬Ǿˣ
ǿݲձļƣһ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ժ͵ðһ仰ǧĪװƣװ


һǧٰʮ 㱨
ͷǿȥиˣһһ˵Բʲôӡǿ̩֮ǰһͶֹУûԹʲô;ʱ֮ȪǴ⡣ǿʱȴо⣬úΡ
ԭһȨϲȥ⵽ԽԽ󣬶ҲԽԽǿǶ˵ҲġЩʱҪǵĲսʤֵ⣬ϵҪע⵽вĻпʹԼԼ־ơ¬뱻ò˼ǡ
øղŵ˵ǿĲ֣߳ɽ£˹ȥںκŵķ꣬һҪĵĺĻҲлġ
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ϣһͺһμһӦԺٽ;ʱǾ͸ˡҪ´ʲôһһͲȥˣ¶һ뿪Ҳǲİˡ
뱾ԼһһĵģԷѣҲգ׼һ˵ⶣºͻһҪһ͵λ뿪
һԺɳϷ˺һʱĴǲܽʧܣֻʧе̫ˣܹʤĹ˼ɣòѡһĸоʵ˾úǵۡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһͻȻֻúǹ졣˵ʱ򲻿˴绰ˣҶ֪鲻ãʲôĻҲһһ˵ˡ
˵˵ĻҲܣһȻûȥʱ䣬ʮӦˡʱ֣ͺ˯£ͬʱ绰
һɻشӰͳֻֻĻʾǺκŵĺ룬⵹֮УƺʱҲֻܴ绰ˡ
һ½Ժ󣬶ŻͲ˵ѽôˣ𣿡
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绰ͷĺκ⻰Ժ˵г׼绰ˣһֱûлᣬλкȥ˺̩һֱղŲŽҲŸոյҡ
κⷬȥ˵ú⣬ȴһ١һΪʲôԺǱ߰칫Ҿûжˡܵʱе䣬һԺͶֵǷǳĵġͨκŵĿڣ֪˼ǵƵ濪ףȥˡ
һȻеС˼ǿܹġʡ˳ص̩ȴܴһˣȻǿģȥףһ£Ҳ֮е顣
Ŷôһʵ
һǺܹĵģκžȻ֣µذѵ绰̸飬ҪǲһµĻƺе˵ȥ
һϵһʻԺ󣬺κشгҾбҪ㱨һ¡
⻰ԺһľҲΪ֮һһʵģ벻ԷǱ߻иɻʮֵľ˵ţǶԼˣûҪô⡣Ժ㱨֮Ĵʶ֮ͲҪٳˡ
κһĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦ˵УгҪһ
˵Ժ󣬺κͣ٣˵ӽϵʩΪ־ȫ֮ĹϵƺܲھϾͿԿóôûݣһҲΪ
֮ǰҲһ˵ǺھӪѽ޳ˣѽһ̵
һֱʩΪΪ˴µķͺǲܡһҪϵᣬ˲㵽ʲôλã㶼óеӦΡһ£һг黹ûףڻֹ˳ίˣǲܰеζеأĿԾԺܵ͡
κžܹίίҪ̩棬Ǻ˽⡣֪һѾʱ򣬾û¹򣬶ǰѻһת˵ڻϿڵλƺǺܸߣһЩСҪĻԣЧƺ̫ԵģһֱƲֵġ
Ϣһú⣬߳ɽܼȻѾˮĶˣӦ׸ǿһݴ񣬰˵Ӧ˵ѽ
뵽ԺһЦ˵е㷴ѽţºϸ˵˵رһЩСϸڡ
κһĻԺ󣬾ͰѳίԺ󣬸߳ɽܵıϸ˵˳һһʹ绰һֱʮӡ
κ˵гҪһ͸֮飬Ҿ£Ļϲһ顣ø߳ɽôģҪһʲô
Уһĵģллѽһ˵
֮˵һ׻Ҷ˵绰
ڿʱһúκվҲⷽĿǣ翪ʱ򣬸߳ɽܵıе̫ˣ治ʲôûСںκŵĵ绰ӡ֤һ㡣
ĻʧӳԶĽǶǻ£Ǻ£ʱ˵ֻеȵˮʯһ̲ȷ
һ䲻ǿ͸߳ɽ֮便ʲô飬ڿһ顣߳ɽܽڻϵķٶֻΪ鳤ܵίǵѹıӪһʲôĲΪ֪ԭ


һǧٰʮ 
̩Ķμңʱ仹һǰţԺ󣬺ܿǴůˣ̩еİ÷˴Ļ
֮գźͶϸʢĿʽʡ棬һʡɽԵλʡֻҪڼҵҲȫˣ˵زίֵͷͷԸһ䡣
ʡﶼôˣȻҵҲȫ˸ӴŵĲŶˡЦίǺгץĴĿ˭ҲӣǲǳԱ˳ˡ
ææµµһԺһصҵʱ˶Ҫ̱ˡ˵ɽ̩ҪǸǿģ˼ұϾʡֱ쵼ԲòСӦԣ˱ץʲôѱ
ɽʱ׼̩ĿһĲӣݺݵض˻ȥʱθʡԿܻ֮ǰԺɽҲ̫һȻȥ˺ͺģҪǿɲһƲ硣
ܰǰܵеۣûгʲôӣһԴѾˡһ˻־ƽһģɽȴҪϻʡڶҪȥྩμһ顣
ɽҪߣ־ȻҲԲܲ˵Ļ˫϶еѿˣûôȥϳ֮ǰһȥӦʱϵһ£һġһԴˣȻκ
ڼ䣬˫һϵģӴĻᲢ٣кüͬһϳԷ˶ӣһûл־úһġȥ־ưʱ˫û˵ϻ
ǰһ¬úһһʱ䷢飬Էϸһ
¬󣬶һ˿϶¬һ˵ȷʵһζͳʹֻж˲ͱͨߵøԶ¬˵̩飬ʡҪ쵼ǿģģǱʹգܳһҶľġ
һȻ⻰Ժһݣ¬һͿԿʱǸǶôȷӲǰκϳίλõĻǾ͵ڽǿȫѹסˣ͵ڳ¬еһҶˡ
£ɽֵĻκվԵģ¬ҲÿڡʡҪľһǿ֮以ľ棬һĻһ¬ҶҪȫס̩СȻʡίλԸ⿴ľ棬˭ƻĻʲô֪
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÷ĵڶգһ־ԼԺȥӦԷ̡һԺ־ƻϿĹ۵㣬ֻһЩСϸڷһЩĿ
ڽ֮ǰ־ƸһԴеİ÷裬Ҳ׼пʽɽѾȷʾȥˣԭûиһ
һ⻰Ժ΢΢һ漴־ô˵ĿˡԴ֪ɽǿĹϵԺһ־ƺ¬˻㱨һǳҪϢ˿ĵ顣
ڿɽֵ֧ܵȻ治һĴ󣬷һССĿʽڷҪԹٵģԴе˵һ㡣̩㿪ʽʱȥˣһĽϵѿô⡣
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ϣ֣һʡ̨еġڸô˲ٵľƣ극Ժ˿ʳ쵼˵ˣطϵͬ־Ȼܾ
֣ƻصҵʱѾʮһˣǺɵظɷ˵绰¶˵̫Ҫˣ˵һҲܵ顣
ϴεԺһʱ侭˵ϵһЩ顣оӶҵĹģȻܲ˵֮ǰһֱôͶԷ˵ϵ飬ҪΪ˷ֹԷġڵǣҪǲ˵ĻԷܸġȻ˵ĻȻԷġ
֣Ϲ˵Ժʵ־Ƹ˵ֻҪǱ߲ٸʲôСĻͰĸľý裬ҪǱ߸Сأô죿
һӵĻԺ󣬺ǺһЦḧ㷢˵ǻô죬ȥ£ôˣӦ֪Ϲ֮ˣҲԲ֮԰ɣ


һǧٰʮ 
ʹԵԼӣһ⻰Ҳ˵ðʮ㡣ôһֱ̫˵ġ˲ҲˣұطˡΪԷµĻһԥĺݺݻġ
浽ʱԲῼʧ˿ģĵߣ˭ҲҪ봥Ļһ֣
ʩΪ볣ʹǿһϵʵԽһǿˣҲûơ˵ʩΪίίˣȴ޷ıֵˣϴηƱ¼֮ɲβˡ
֮ǰǼŷƱһ²ŸˡҪǼװƵĻһεȴ˵һˡ
һֱ£źͶľӵһ춯ʱͿʼˡ˫оĽ˾ĿҪεͷĻȸһ¥һĻҲã쵼Ҳգһչʾĵطˡ
뷨Ժ˫ڵһ¥ƴˣ˫Ĺ۲ԶֻҪһ㶯ԷܿΪ˲Υ֮ǰԼ˫עٶȵͬʱȫǽץŵġź־ȫӰʱڹϳ֣˫ʩӿ಻ԣεϰǼ㸺ǵһοһ
һȻ֮ǰͺʹ˵ˣûбҪ֮ǰĴ̫һ£ֻҪԼˣȴûŶԷĻȥ̲ϵ̩еٵӣϵǺŵز۴ĸǶ˵˿ɡ
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˿Ҳ竹ӵɣһѵգ׿ӱ֤ڶԷڵʱĶҲȥͶڹˡ
ǿ󣬽ҪעһǿŷŶԷ뿪ǲ̫ģһֱҵһЭ߶ԷֻҪӲúµĻϵ
Ϊһ̣˫˵࣬˭Ҳξа˵һʧߣ˫ţһҡ
ʱһ鲻ѾŷˣСѧڵĿγһǾͻغ±ȥ˵ˣȴΪŷٵԥ¶ˡһ˵ȻһٺòϢˣ֪
Դȥڶʱ򣬶ҪһүүԺһһֱ·ϡѾˣĿǰƣҪŷĸӵõҵĳϣȻǲʵ顣Ȼ˵ĻǵõͺĳϣҲһ޴ο塣
һ֮ǰѾˣǰϢ߸ĸĻ÷һȥ͡飬ôͣҲδؾ˵Ȼ˵ĻɴͲǰλ˼ҹͨˣʱֱӰŷٺСȥǣһȳʵһţʱĸΪŷ٣ԼСġ
õ˿ĵϢԺһ˵״̬֮ǰ˺ܴı䣬˭һЦģºͻ֣˰ѽڵһӲûҵϰ忪ĵԭ
һĿֲûг̫ʱ䣬漴ͱһ벻ˡķĺ鲻˵ʹһ뵽֮С
һ磬һյ칫ңͽӵί鳤ĵ绰Է˵Ŀܼιгã֪ͨʮԺμӳίᡣ
һӦԺ󣬱һʶԷʲô飬Էܼټƽʱλ鳤ûʲô飬Ҳûʳڡ
вʲô飬һǿԿ϶ģһǳˣĻǿżٿίᡣ
֪ͨʱʮӣֵһλίʱ򣬹ƾʣˣ仰˵ǿ˼ٿίᡣҪûʲôͻǿǾԲôȥġ
뵽Ժһ½˽öԷȥһ£ʲô顣ҪǲǰʲôĻһȥμίᣬҲᰲĵġ
¸ո뿪һ칫ϵĵ绰һǿԷʲô׻û˵ֱӿ˵гѽǿҵİ칫һ£еҪ
һһӦԻ漴Ҷ˵绰
Ҷϵ绰Ժһûе飬վǿİ칫ȥ绰һӣɵҲ֪һǳˣǳˣĻԲ
ƲһͷˮһҲ˵ʱһһŵĳݵķ档õϢǣزŵ˵֮ǰ뿪䡣
˽и߿ʮ꣬ί鳤߳ɽܵ顣ͬոߣȴûκݹϵܹ֮ΪԷ飬ȫ
ί鳤ְλǳ⣬ֵĶһЩ׷ӵ飬Ͷ飬˷ǳߵҪ֮ǰ߳ɽ鶼⣬ʱǡɸ߿ѧҵԺ󣬿˹Աŵ̩ί졣
Ϊ߳ɽܵԺø鳤Ƶֹͣ߿Ҳʹ̩ίվ˽š
߿ڸ߳ɽܵĹϰѾǳ˽ˣǵӦ֡
ǰʱ䣬߳ɽͻȻĻͥø߿ǳԾΪĹ۲죬֮ǰһͷҲûУôͻȻˡ˵ô飬ϰ岻Ӧ˲ʵȥ˾úǷѽ⡣


һǧپʮ ĵ
ɻ󣬵߿ûа⻰˵Ϊ飬ǳʲô˵ʲô˵֮һ·Ժϰǵ䣬Ʋ֮С
Ȼ˵ĻȻɵͶԷЩ飬ǲǵ͵ĺĺ
뷨Ժ󣬸߿ʲô鶼ԵСģһСǻǿɲġ
°Ժ󣬸߳ɽӦ꣬극Ժûлؼңø߿͵ĳС˵ԷΪʲôȥǣ߿ǳ߳ɽǰ˸ˣһֱ䰲Ƕˡ
ôȥƺе㲻̫صϾֻ˼ҵ˽£͵ģ˭ҲܲţԸ߿˵ϰ¶ͳ˵˶ΡȻ˵ĻȻܰóȥ˵ôŵġ
ڶһ磬߿˯֮УͻȻߵֻڹԣ뱣ֶʮСʱΪ˱֤ܵһʱӵ绰òֻߡ˵ŷģֻǷԺˡ
ʵ˯ۣһֻĻʾϰĺ룬æһֱӣ˽ŮҲһˣڽӵ绰ֲˬ䣬ֱ۾
绰ͨԺ󣬸߿ĶߴһŮιǸ
߿˳ϰС÷еֵǣԵؼһ˿ңƽʱǸ˵ŮྶͥʶԾԺæֻ˵ιã÷ɣСѽʲô
Ů˱Сġ꣬˭˼ϰŮأƽʱ÷ʱСϰ˲ˣаģҲ̫Ťһ㣬˵˼ŮҲδԸƺ
߿⻰Ժ󣬵绰ͷŮһ˿ǻ˵飬һ£ˣˣءء
߿پһͷ֮У䲻ʲô£һԿ϶¶һСԷһ֡˶ԷıԺҲû˼ȥʲôˣ˵һ͹ԺҶ˵绰
ŮѼ߿ӾȻҪȥǽһŮ˵ĵ绰Ȼˡ߿ֻõ˵ϰŮˣˣұϹȥΪԸѽ
˵⻰Ժֻݸ˶Է俴ĺ롣
Ůһˣæ𴲰ŶԷʰϰѵҪԣԷ˵Ǵ죬˿ҲҴ⡣
ڸ߿ٳ֮ʣŮͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģ˵ѽȥԺ󣬿Ҫһۣô£ǧҪҳѽһҪиʲôĻɾ͡
Ů˵Ժ󣬲û˵֪Ǻܾģֻղеңžѵġ
ŮѵԺ󣬸߿һ㶣ͷһ侲ͷ˲Ծ֮ղŴֻϵϰĺ벻绰ȴ˴ģǸС˴ģǴûй顣߳ɽܾˣǶҪȴǷǳϵģ˾нӴҲǸղŶԷ绰ѯʸ߿ݵԭ
ое㲻Ժ󣬸߿Ů˵û£֪ôˣڼҴţĻҺ绰ϵ
˵úɣ߿ȴ̫ܲˣŮϰֻ绰ȥ˵ڸղͨĹУԷԵúǻңѵϰʲôˡ
뵽Ժ󣬸߿е㲻ˣĻղŮ˵Ļ÷ϣԺǧҪҳ⣬Ϊ°Լݽȥǿǵòʧˡ
߿ϰĳԺֱС÷ľסضȥ߳ɽܵ˾е飬Ͷ˸߿⣬֮ǰ˵ˣ糿ȥϰ塣߿ǰʻһ·Ժֻٴ𣬻С÷ʶԷĶ֪߿ѾˣԷһģһش߶Է㡣
߿̽Եһ䣬÷㣬ʲôˣ
Ů˲ûлش⣬ֻ˵һԺ˵˵⻰Ժ¸߿׷ȥֱӹҶ˵绰
߿ɻѣʶؼӴҽŲŵٶȼӿ࣬Ѹٵǰʻȥ
߿ԺС÷ľ˵˳
߳ɽʱ򣬾ͺ˲پơȻˣȻٲ£һԺѾ۵ˡں˾ƵԵʣεʱ䶼ǳټ;Ϣ˺һˣѾǺҹˡС÷Ҳˣ˾§һ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãС÷ֱԷŪˣʼʱе㲻⣬߳ɽе㲻ˣǾͱ
һԺ˶е鶯ڸ߳ɽ׼жʱȴĳЩλֳƣ״̬ô㣬ûɫ
С÷ˣ˯úúõģˣһԺ׼úһģȴˣ̡̣ڸ߳ɽܵ⣬䲻Ҷ˵ʲôϵĲԶ׼ġ
߳ɽܼȻǲˬϾҲö˵ʲôƵ˯ȥ˯ûжãʲôƵģ͵һӴӴȥˡ
С÷ҲˣڵĶԷʹˤ뿪ųһ죬Է׼ʲô͸ŷ죬С÷Է֪һʲôСҩȥȻתˡС÷ڸ߳ɽ֮ܽǰ˴
߳ɽܽԺ󣬲ûкС÷˵ʲôϢԺ󣬾Ϳʼ˫˵ڶԷԼ˰Сʱң˹ˡ
С÷֮ǰӣ˸߳ɽΪ˵ǲܲ˵ȨС÷ʼʱŰŶԷûˣɶԷˡ
߳ɽһͺ֮ʣС÷еһ˿ңԷˡ뷨ͷһ͸о˲ԾΪ߳ɽɢ˼һſϣһ


һǧپʮһ 
߿С÷ĻԺ󣬼ֱе㲻ԼĶ䣬ڶԷԺ󣬿ϳĸ߳ɽԺҲˡ·ϵʱ뵽һǳˣرС÷ĵڶ绰ԺͰٷ֮ٵȷˣɸ߿Ҳ뵽Ȼô飬ʱֻͷһƬհףĶһš
С÷ԷıԺ󣬸޴֮СһŮȻŵˣŴ绰߿˭֪Էıֲ࣬й֮޲
С÷˸߿һԺӣ˵߸磬һҪѽ㿴ڸôźã
߿˿ͷҲһƬңĶ֪ôźá˺һԺǿԼ룬С÷˵÷㣬ҿ¿϶治סģǿɳеôѽ
˼˵С÷⻰Ժ񱻲β͵è˵
߿⻰Ժ֪Է˼ˣæ˵ǣҲ˼ϰ⣬ôİţ绰ϵһ£
⻰ԺС÷һҪĻǿ϶סģĻղžͲ͸߿ϵˡѾһ׼һԾĻеܲˣڸ߿˵ղŵǻԺŻôķӦ
ȻԷ˼Ҳûʲôýŵˡ߿óֻʱ͵һ飬˵߸磬һ£ҪҪ졭쵼·
֮ǰ߿뵽ˣȴûɺܼ򵥣һ²һ¡⻹һΪؼǣ»᲻ʲôӰ죬Ļɾͱˡ
С÷ȻˣҲ˵Ͼڴϵϰ壬˵ԷӲļ쵼̫Źۡ
֮󣬸߿ͺС÷һ߳ɽܰ·ˡȻȥԲڵסĹؼĲλˣ㹻ˡ
һԺ󣬸߿绰鳤˹ȥƽʱи߳ɽܳ߿ѶԷȴòغͶԷϵԷһ㱨
߿Ļ㱨Ժ󣬺Ҳסˣ˺һԺ󣬲ø߿ԭشϼ쵼㱨
ԼʮԺ󣬺ĵ绰ʹ˹߿λ⣬ʲôҲû˵߿ȴӶԷ֮е֪Ϊ²ˣԷһӦþ͹ˡʶԺֽС÷䣬쵼ԺǧҪʵʵ˵
С÷˿һҲûˣ˸߿ĻԺæصͷǡ
߿Է嶶ͣοС÷İɣʲôµģ쵼Ժô˵Ǿô鷳ġ
һǿİ칫Ժ󣬸׼ɳ£Ѧھ˽ǿһ˵ͷһ¡
ǿһѦڶɳϣ˶һԺ˵гǣһȺ˵һ£߳ɽͬ־⣬Ѿȷˡ
ʲô⻰ԺһѦͬؾ
ǿûظ֪ǰλѾղ˵ʲô˶ֻţԲ˵Ļ
һѦڶһۣҲûϢ̫ͻȻˣҪúһ¡컹һˣһ㣬ˣ˭飬ŵĸо
ǿóһѦڷֱһ֧ԵϻԺǿŰľ򵥵һ½ܡ֮ǰѾί鳤ȥˣԷҲͨ绰һ㱨
ǿԺ˾þõûпڣڵѾˣʣµȻôˡһѦʱǾԲȿڵģԭܼ򵥣ǿ̩еϴ󣬲ҪкôʱˣѴˣĶôõ顣
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˵Ҫ飬ʵѡί鳤ڳµǸ߳ɽܱˣֻίǳˡǿҲǷǳչˣһ룬ĻȻƴˡ
ѦڴӦǿͽĿɨһǺܼ򵥣ϣһ뽫´ӦΨǰλհֻҪͷˣζŲκˡ
һɲɵӣҪӦҲǺ뱾˵飬Խ޴ҵģֱǿĿ⡣
ǿһϣҲûа취ֻε˵ˣʱˣӦöˣһȥɣ
˵ԺվһѦһȥ
γίǿִ̩ţʱ̵һλ飬򵥵ؽһԺ漴ͳһھȻѦںͺ븺£漴ɢˡ
ڳ˶ǿҪˣ뵽ղŽҵʱһѦһģӦλǹͬȻ˵Ļ˭лվͬأ
ͨǿղɲĽܣ˶ó߳ɽܵһڼ˵֣Ǿ͸ûбҪó˵ˡ


һǧپʮ 绰
һʱ䣬̩ίõİ칫¥ŸɫۣǴȤģݡûаϵ
ǿһΪ٣֪úҲûа취ûвȡκδʩڵĵˣ˵˼˵öб۵飬˵ʲôأ
Ÿ߳ɽ׷ľУ粨ƽϢ׷Ѧ֣Ȼûн̫ߣҲʵǣֻһͻһԴ֮Ҫ˵⻰Ҳ˵ԣֻ⼲ͻ֮ǰַʲôҶ⡣˹ȥ׷Ҳûκ塣
һһŲ豭Ƥɳϣһڶĺ룬˵ʱѽ˵ûʲôϵ˼ҼȻˣҲԹۡ
뵱Ȼһ˵ʲô飬ֻһͷû˵ʲôʱæùǺڸ߳ɽܵ鷢̫ͻȻѦһ£еѹؿ֪
ѦϻȽϾѺͼ򽻵Ӹ˺룬һҶ²̫óĽڣòƻ˭óƵģǼ˹ˡ
Ȼ˵ǲˬҲûкͶԷ̫ƽϣϾҪȥӲǺѦ⽲Ļȥԣɲʲô£ҲͰ̯
߳ɽΪ鷢ĻǵҲ˵ƫƫΪ飬ļ侲⼸ǲܵ顣
߳ɽܵӲûʲôҪֻǸС÷Ů˽£뵱ȻӦȻҪҪĻìܣҪٷһʲôĻɾͳԲ˶ˡ
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һ⻰Ժ΢΢һЩȻǿ͹۴ڵģʱͻȻͲòһΪʲôˡǺеģϢԺסдڵΣĻһ֪أ
ȻûκιϵҪôȥĻǿɶǲѽһһԺ˵ɣȥͨһ飬Ůͬ־Щ棬ܸΪðһ㡣
⻰Ժһ˼ˣ˵СϢ֮飬Ůͬ־ռݺܴƵģĸλˡһһչӦǲһС
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һĻ䣬绰ͷʹŷټеһˣҰͻȻڼεˣ輱òУܴ绰ҰһѾڸ·ˡ
һ⻰Ժһ࣬æʵүӣôûʲôΣհɣ⻰ʳȥԺе㲻Ծæ˵У֪ˣʹ绰㿪עⰲȫ͹ȥ
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һԺ󣬾Ͳԥˣͨκ͵ֻ롣˵뿪ܶˣ֮ڵʱ򣬾ͨ绰Ȼ£κʹһ
绰ͨԺһ˵Ժ󣬾ͽŷ˵˳֪κ治֪װͿ֮һĻԺʾȥ˽һ顣
һ˵һԺ󣬾ֱӹҶ˵绰


һǧپʮ ͬ
Ҫ˵飬һܻҪȨһ£ŷٵ飬ԲκγɡǷŮ˵ʵ̫̫ˣֲĻᣬֲĻᣬȻŹ
һ绰ǿһкȻֲͨ˺ĵ绰ؽһҶ˵绰
оһ˿ʲôϾŸմӶԷİ칫һشԼİ칫ң뿪֮ǰһһ绰ڶԷһҪԶŵļƣ˵һ͸ղǸ绰кܴϵ
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ԷԺһû¥ǵһ֧̣Ҫһ룬ʲôûаŵλģ̩һʮңһ˿ɲô׵飬ڳ֮ǰҪ࿼һ£õʱ򱻶
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绰ͨԺһذФ֮ĹϵǶ˵ԷҲ֪ŷ֮飬Ȼûʲôġ
ФһĽԺ׶Է˼ˣǿ˵͹Ȼһȥ
⻰ԺһһȣֵܣЩǲ˵ԷҲ֪ʲô˼룬˵ˣѾ鰲һ£ȻֱӦڴϰɣ
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һ˵ʱȥװǡϵģӦòʲô⣬˵ߵӦûô֪ͨ顣뵽ԺФǷ֮ǰĶԷ£ڿˡ
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һֱҶϵ绰ûиŷ٣׼ˡһ뷨ǣҪʱٷŸ߶Էŷٿġ


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һ·ϣԵñȽѹ֣һ˼˵ФﾡʣԷȻ̫˵ȻҲöʲôˡ˵Ļ񣬴˿ֱ̼һͷˮݡܺǲ⣬Ҳû̫⣬Ҫľǿó˵ĵǲط͡
ڳ֮ǰһнԻĳػһߡҡµϵǷǳǿģĳҲûκ⣬Ϊ˰ȫҲٿˣ·⡣
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һæ˵㿪һңñķѺչ˺á
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һһԭ˾ˣûҪŶԱȥָֻġ̩егʵְеǡгһ𣬵ˣҲûȥսĵط߿
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ФںʱҪһö࣬ǵʱԹѾǺίˣ˻Ǻ˽ġ
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ФںĴСǷǳϤģټϴǸ绰Ժ󣬾е㲻ԾżԳúܿ졣һ·ϣúֱײݣҲܲˣֻҪһľ룬ֱӿȥˡ
˿̣Фֻһͷϵҽ˵ͨģ类׺ȥˣֻҪͨ¹ʾС


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ФѳͣԺһٻסԺ߹һȣФ֮ǰѾϱϵˣԷӦ͵ˡ
һƿԺٻѾߵǰˣ΢Ц˵гӭص
⻰Ժһ΢Ц˵ٻʲôʱѾ赽ƺԷʱҪְˣڹòλѽ
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Ȼ˵Ҳֱӳƺһˣٻ˵Ժ󣬻ǰһСͷϰߺŷһޣҲ֮Ϊѵһԭ
˵⻰Ժٻ˵ӵĵ绰ҾϹˣڽȥˣҲյһᣬûüȥҸղſһʿһ£أҪھ͹ȥ
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˵ĳҲһȺ˵ע⣬ٻһǰһ̡ĺ÷һФʱ΢΢һ㶣漴ôˡ
ֹ꣬һʹŮ¾ôǵģСӶû˵һĻֱͻȻ뿪ȥ׹ĺ÷֪һЩ飬ʱѾΪʱˡ
ԺŷٴСԺŷĺ÷Ͱٷ֮ٵؿ϶ôˡӺӵ֣Ǿܿ߳Ҫʲô˼ô֪ܲأ
ĺ÷ҲԹŮŮĿе֪һ֮ԺھûʲôñԹġһӦöԼҹŮѡ񣬺˼֮䲢ûйϵȻ˵ĻҲûʲôñԹˡ
ͷӳԺһȻڵһʱϵֳĳ̶ֳ˵ĺ÷Ǹоοġ֪Է̩гæҲ˵ô̵ʱ͸ϵˣ˵˼ﻹڵġһο֮ͷ
̣Һһݰ飬ٻ˵岻ãǾһˡФ˵
ΧвڣФһһ˵ĻЩ˵ôأĳֵ˵һ뿪ˣҺŷ֮䲢ûʲô飬ôʱͻȻأ
һ⻰Ժæں˵̣ôҪһأ
⻰˵úתˡǡһʣէһ˵Фʵָŷ١˵ĺ÷ܲһĵ飬ֻҪһˡ
һĻ䣬վĺ÷ߵһ˿˵гФֳлǹҵ壬ٵø磬ŷ˵ԺһФգʾл
ŷĻԺڳĴ˾㶼һʱǲǰ˵ݡФԲ˵ںеʱϳ˼ĹֳͷĽӴȽ϶࣬һӾϳˡ
˵һںеʱǿǷټºûгһûˣҲܽݲ¸˾ŲʮĴ䲻֪һĶְ֮ǰҿǶ˵˴٣벻쾹Ȼϱˡ
ŷ˵ⷬԺ󣬼˵һҽԺԺ󣬾ͽңҲǺֻ֮ǰһʱ䣬֪᲻ĲӰ졣
һŷǵϸоһ˿ԾƳһߵĺ÷˵̫㣬ǵһȥ˵
֮ǰŷٵĵ绰һ͸оһ˿ԾڴŷĻ͸ֹ죬ȻҪˡŷǴ쵼λģͻ״ҿǳȻһᣬôòԾ
ŷ⻰Ժһ˼ФһơںиθƳڴӺȥ쵼ͬ־Ƿǳģ׼ȷ˵һФְ
ٻһФŷҪ̸ǰһĺ÷ŷѾ·ϣиСʱܵˡ
ĺ÷⻰Ժ΢΢˵ͷŮҲͷˣͷһͦһصġǰʱ䣬ǽӵŮĵ绰˵ٵʱ򣬾ʹһغ󣬿Ĳѣ벻ͷͻȻ飬ǲɵúܡ


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ŷһФߵһԺûüڣһѾ˵ˣŷͬ־⵽ô£ں޴׵ģǴҶ֪飬Ժôأ
һ˵⻰ʱϵıǳ࣬ȫ˸ղŵǸƵᡣ˿̣һ˵Ƿŭ˼㣬ֻղŵĺ÷棬ѹƣ޹ˡ
ŷ⻰Ժ󣬸оһ֮ƣ̧ͷֱӣﻹͦĵġԷȻǳģղŵ飬ΪˣԺҲǲˬͲܹվء
ڵһȻǵؼегϾݵгǱߵͷҲСǲ˳ƽ
ŷȻţǽϸ˵˳һܲܰųǲҪǵ⣬ֻҪľ˵ˡ
Ժŷ㲻ԥˣ̧ͷһФһۣ˵гФֳľġ
ŷ뿪֮ǰĸиŷô˵ĸʹˣиͷʲôģôиӦŷҲͿԷˡ
ŷڵݹ嵱һֱŷĹ֮չ˶ԷҲȽϾľΪ˷ŷŷһֵķӣסڲԶĵط
ŷԺŷӵĺ÷ĵ绰Ժ󣬵һʱ͸˹ʱĺ÷Ѿ120ļȵ绰ˡ
⻰ԺŷԷ֪ҽһȻרΪݵϸɲǷģЧʷǳߡȻѾ绰ϵˣӦòκˡ
ԺФ̲סʵȻ˵ĻȷʵӦѽȻģ˾Ǽȵҽʿҽ＼ǷǳӲġ
һ⻰ԺҲͬʣĸУݵϸɲǷǳչ˵ġίǣгǶ˾Ӷߵһ죬ǰο
ĳֳ˵ε治κһ棬ԺԼһͬ³һ棬ЩϸɲҲǺǵģǻǣָıﶼпܵġ
ФʻԺŷ˵Фֳ֪ҪǾչȥǵȻûκ⣬ǡ
ŷԺ󣬾Ͱĺ÷չŷˡүӵֹۣҪȥҽԺΣĻ롣
ҽԺЧʻǷǳߵģ绰˼Ժŷ˼ȳȻ˼ѾˣߺôҲҪһ׼
ŷĺ÷һæµԺ󣬷ֲԾˣΪʼûŷɻ󲻽֮ʣٴȻĺղԶǡǡ෴ɽԶ
ŷʶ˳״ˣæ׼ȥ鿴һʱϱƿŽˡŷæȻô£Ժʲô¶ûɣôˣ߿ɻأ
ϱʻԺ˵֮ǰгֶ˾ȻȻ󳵾Ϳˡ
⻰ԺŷסˣղǳǽģǽгֶӵģδҲ̫ɺһɣŷܲζͬʱ120ĻҲӦȹѽгֶӲʮ塢꣬ʲô˵⣬˵Ļͱסˡ
ǲޣŷȴûκΰ취ֻýͬʱ绰ٴβ120
ĺ÷ڸŷٴ绰ϢԺ󣬵ͿƲסˣʧʹŷ˽⵽ԭίԺŸһĵ绰ʱѾ˲ˣֻһľӣʱ뵽ľһϣԷؼʱ̰һѡ
ŷٵϣûգһκϵԺ󣬶Էһ绰ֱӴҽԺӵ绰Ժ˶סˣæضŵ绰˵κǣ֪ˣȥ죬ģһ°á
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ξϴδ绰ʱ̣Ȼ͵¥£һṦҽͻʿˣһְ˽ŵذŷ̧˾Ȼ
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˵ʱŷѹúܵͣǳζʲôһФͷܴҲòСĽһ㡣
һ⻰Ժɫʱղ뷨ڹŷõӡ֤֪
Фŷһۣʵ磬ȷϣ
Фֳи칤ƽʱϸɲнӴǷǳģԲŷһ˵
⻰ԺФûˣŷ˵˿϶һˡ̧ͷһһۣȻ˵һ㿴£
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Фص˵ͷ


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ڵѾǳ֮ǰȻĺ÷еģ˵صԺȴԼҸȵˡҪ˵ԼҲ˴£žȻĻǵҲ˵ùȥʵʵԼֻΪһĺҽԺ
ȻԹֶӾʲôǣһԿ϶һʮ塢ĺӣ벻ᷢΣ顣һĻԷɾͺе˵ȥˡ
һ£˭һԱ˳ţ绰оȻ棿ȴܲˣȻˣͰҵĺӸȥˣǱôأ
һǲˬҪǷŵǰĻԻֱӳˣôࡣϾǺݣôôģžȿһŷ˵
ܿ˵һѾˣŷʲô¶ûУҲúú˵һΪгںһĶֵϾͿһˣȥúôһ£統ںʱ¹˭
һ뷨ȻᵱФŷ棬˵˵ŷԺһæش̩˹ɴ˿ԿŷжôҪʲô쳣ҲûеĻҲͰˡھȻ飬ҪûеʾĻҲԲǸһֱĬĬŮѽ
Ҫһϵ۵ĻŷپǷǳ۵һ顣
һһ֧Ժ̧ͷҽյţﰵԵģøǰյ㣬ٵĸû£ĻԲˣҲøҶߡ
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˶мַ֮ʣͻȻһŮ˭ŷļһ£
һ˵ɵüͷ⼸ʡﵽضץҵλ罨衣ڿЧ̫ԵģĻСʿͲͲ˼˵ˡ
ĻԺĺ÷׼վŷѾǰһ˵ʿãǻߵֶӣʲô
ҲͻʲôϵֻҪǼͿˡСʿ˵ʽ֪ͨǣɲѾסˣֻܵͨȥסˣ鷳ھ͹ȥѶߡ
СʿҲʶ˲˼ϵı鲻̫ÿ֮ǰһЩԵúӲ
ʿС㣬ǸѽղѾȥסԺˣ309ǵѽôת۵Ĺб仯أŷһãȻʵ
ղүӽԺŷûʲôˣȥѲ㶨ˡ֮Աֵ˻ҪΪһŷپҪˣǴӦһҪչĸĸģҲԶŰɣ
ŷĻԺСʿ⣬˵ֻ֪ͨǣô£ҲҪʵĻȥסԺҺΣ֮ǰǵȰѶгļסأ
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һСʿһۣФ˵ˣºûйϵֻͲ󣬵ʱӦòԲԼ˼ܸаɡˣûʲôˣˡ
Сʿſ˵䣬һĮӵʱûƣŷ˵һ䣬ǿѶߣȻͿ첽߿ˡǸ˸ĸоܲãҲӲˣ߿ˡ
һһξ룬СʿǷĺ÷˵˼˿ȫںһ֮ŷϣҲϾ˼ˡŷ˵ȻϸɲѾˣȥҼͨɣֻҪѹסĶν
ŷﻹе㲻һ˵Ҳеȷʵô£ڵĵ֮˵ģǴҪġĺ÷˵õģھȥ졣
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Фһ뷨ˣղŷǷԺ󣬶ԷǿѹסˡᣬԹļ˾ȻˣҪٲǳΪߺ۸أ
Щ˾Ƿ飬㲻ݺݸӣ֪ۣΪ۸ͻһ٣ٶսĵߡ֮ݺݵȥƣˣӲ˵ľЩɫ
һФŷĺڵסԺȻֱǴС¥ȥʱһŻ㱼ǾϸɲҲ⿴סԺͬ־ֻмˣһû
Фǰߣߵͷһ˵һһ㲻ҪȥһжҰɣ
һ⻰ԺһӶûԥֱ˵ºûйϵҵҪĳЩ˵ͷǲǳ˽ˣ㳤ˣӽҲ


һǧپʮ ɵ
Ф⻰Ժ΢΢һ˵ʵһ⻰һֺܲһĸоֻصѧʱ龰ʱֻҪ˵ǵ˫ϣκкͲˡ
⼸꣬һںʱҲûѪʵᣬʹϵǽĥƽˡ֮ǰѧ˿棬Ҳ˵ôܵõʲôҪǻò㹻Ļѡ̲
˵Ҳã˵ԲҲգ֮ܶ˶Ĭִ·вڶΪʵ
һıФеǳԾĿǰҪԼҵˣǱȽϺʣһڿ̩егԹ˲һǰ㡣£ԷֵĻȥܶ䲻һղŻ˼вܲ˵˼
Ф׼Ȱ˵ԷһԸоһӿ˽ŲȻǲ˵ĻᡣȻ˵ĻФҲ׼ٶ˵ʲôˣţһĵʰԹĻǾԲԷֵĻġ鵱УҲŷһеĵλǶôҪһ˵ĻһԲ˳嶯ġ
һФĺ棬֮ĶԻҲһ߰˰ˣϰıʶܻһ˿ҵӴŲϰФֳĺ档
ϸɲԺФ׼ʿһ309ĶͻȻߴһŮҽԺôѽ䲡ǵˣô˵ĶѽҸӵʱ䣬ҪǻĻҿɾֱӽЩӳȥˡ
ԺһФôˣ˶һ̧ۣԶǼ䲡ȥǰߵĹУһĶ½ˣҽԺ飬ҲܡС氢̰Щӳȥ
⻰Ժһüͷһ֣ͬʱӿ˽Ųһ·СǰȥФͻҲСţ
309ſԺһʮ塢Ů֮⣬һʮСӣŰ״ӵҽһվһߣһʮ塢ֱ꣬ϴʯࡣ
ʱǸС׼һŴϵİһ״ŭȵҷ£˭㶯ģ
һ˿̷ŭ˼㣬ſģûôģ˵仰ʱ˻ߵغ
ǳֵıȽͻȻټһŭڳ˶סˡ˺üԺͷŷٵŮ˲ŻһФͻ˵ʲôˣʲôʱֵСеˣ
һ˻ûüڣҽԴһ˵졭гФֳ
һкԺһҽɨһۣԴеӡ˵Էʲôݣûӡˡ
Ф˶ԷһۣҽĸԺһ˵ͷȻһкԺ
ФһкȫԵģһѾʮˣФƷɡײ֮䶼н飬ҲǶԶԷءкһԺФͲٿˣ·ϣһѾ˵Ҫ죬Ȼ˵ĻФҲͲٲˡ
һȻǰҽʲôݣѾ֪κгԹļ˷ˣǰλһҽԺ쵼ˡҽԺ˺ܲӸղǸСʿ̬ȾͿԿҽķܲãĻһ顣
Фһк֪ǰ˾ȻʲôԺģǸģбҪͶԷ˵˵һһԺʵԺ֪䲡ŷεļѾˣҽԺھȻҪջأŸˣƲ쵼Ĳ̸ҽԺܵѭ󵽵ԭɣô£ҽһ°ɣ
һ⻰Ժɵˣ֮ǰʶ²ô״ģһгһݵ˴ΣòõĻ͵óԲ˶ߣԺԸĵ绰޷ѣֻӲͷƤˡڵԤĻǸӣһФȻͽˣеĸо
ǰѾˣܲ۾˵Ϲɣ˵˫ĵ˶أǸ뷨Ҳҽ丶жһں磬˲һ֪ģ˵ʱҪݵλжֽŵĻҲ˼Ǻϴˡ
һڵԹһССĸԺܵġɴܣûҪ˸ںã˭˭ȥɣ
ԺһװͰ͵ӣǸŸ߸߷٣̻ɫְҵװŮһۣ˵Σ£
ӢгԹӣκְ칫ΡΪгķˣǹְԱȻеʶģһǰΪгֳˡ
ԹΪг֮󣬲ŰѳӢӴݵԱ˵һˣФʶһĻԺѸٽǰ˺ݵĸгֳһȶԣֲ޴˶ˡ
ֻҪԷݵˣûʲôõĵˣΪصгֳһĻûκѹˡǺгţ˲ɣгֳΡ
ΪǣرһݡλʱżʣгԹųӢҪһںĵϣΪгˣѵҪɵ


һǧپʮ 
ӢɵӣȴˣҪΪʱһȥӦ졣ܷйλгĴ˵ӢΪг˸߸ϣԲ˺˵ЩġһĻڱ޿ˣݺλгӡ
Ͳһ֮䣬Ҹоǳõʱ
ԺǾǰ󵽵Ĺѽ㿴ֱΪֹҼСΰ⣬ҿûпڶˡӢһһۣȻ˵
һıֺǲܶԷʲôͷǺҽĸԺǣȻ˵첲ⷴգһͣԽԽȥˣҿ⸱Ժǲ׼ٸˡ
һҽԺ˼ʮ꣬ʶеģӳӢĻ˶ԷǲˬһӾ֪ôشˡ꣬һФȷʵǿƣڶԷѾǺĸĸˣǰ;ĿɶץԹء˼һгҪʰһԺĻǻָͷݡá
һȨ֮һЦضһ˵г㿴ҽԺɲǱݣĶҽԺĲûԤĵĻȷʵǳ¿ƳֶȵģǲǰЩ
һ˵ԺȻͣס˻ͷе˼ȴѾԣǾ䲡Ӣֶˣһ˰ŷĶȥڵһһҪڳӢһ֮һѡǸôѡعٲֹܵĵɵ֪οһعٶ㲻ϡ
һѡ˵޿ɺǵģһǲˬΪԷԵһԭԵ⣬ͳ˵ǰԺıԡȻ㲻ҪҲҲˡ
ԺһһʵԺһ£ΰĲ˽ˣ
һʻԺһһ㶣ԷôкĿģ˼ָճʣҲ㲻شһеĲһ£Ȼ˵гΰͬѧʮꡣŷѾʮˣΪҽԺ˵ϵͬʱҲðף˵ǰɣ
һĥһôʵĿģ£ǿһ°⡣ϰǻĹĴͳ£ߴͬҪĵλԷҪµĻһ仰޻˵ˡ
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Ӣĺ仰ǳվһߵǸŮ˵ģȴûеõҪĻӦվһߵŮһһûôŮˣǰվŵľȻг;ֳŴˣĶ˵ϴӢĻ
ʱղ׼ŷ˦˿˵ˣ裬˵Ļҵܵܽȷʵʮ꣬裬㻰أ
һбһۣʮͷͣŴͽЩС죬һͲʲôЩСһﶼһͬص㣬Ǿϲװƣһţɣһг˵ĹųſòСǼƣҪһ˵ĻͲ˷ѿˣֱӳˡ
ӵԺվڳӢߵǸŮŻæ˵ǵģǵģҼСΰʮһ㡣
ȶԷ˶ȷ˴СһԺһɫһһ˵Ժһ⣬֪ɲԣ
һ⻰Ժæ˵г̫ˣʲô⣬ߴͽ̣һһ֪޲ԣ޲
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ǳ򵥣Ժϡһ˵⻰ͬʱ¶һ˿ЦͣԺ˵ʵһԺĸҵĲ˵練ưɣ
ϸɲƵĲѽôˣһһһɻطʵ˵ȷʵ̫ˣһʻԺѿڶ
һɵӣҲҽԺλϣһڣʶˣʱҪٰѸղŵĻջ̸ףǣֻһεؿһ˵г⡭ǡ
һһһͣʱ˿̣治֪ô͡
Фں⻰ԺһղСĿڣ໥һۣ¶˼֮⡣
һı֣ϵһʻӢŻˡ֪Ҫ˵֮ǰģǿʶĻûκɿˡһСôʲôʸסϸɲأȻʸûУǻ̸ʲô󵽣ϰף
ǰѾˣӢӦôֶȥȥסøŷȴ׼ȥҪ˵֮ǰҪסϸɲҪΪȽϺãڣ뷨
һ£Ϊһ֮ķˣֶסԺȻ˼ҴӲ˳ԺҪҪںؽϻˣϢȥĻ˵ЦǿһҲţɷпܸںܵӰ졣
⣬зǳҪһ㣬˻οгˣڴҿǶһţʱĻ˭Ҳˡ
ԭ򣬳Ӣֶ䲡ȥ


һǧİ ŷٵ
ӢҪ벻䲡ȥʵȻвͨģֻ辶ˡгķˣͬʱǻְ칫ΣһŮˣһбŮˡȻԷֻóŮ˵ĿұˣͲŻڲƽǰүǡ
ӢһһۣȻ˵ԺҲܣֶ֮סˣҲˣСӸ첲˵ͦصģҪӲǻطĻǳ£һҽԺе
ӢгˣʶˣץסĹؼ֮⻰ȥǳһ˵ģʵȴǲȻÿһ־ʵʶһˣδһһڣг˵ˣҪǴⲡȥһҽԺе
пޣɴСΣҽԺζǳеģ㽫ӰŵϸɲȷвҲֻסȥˡ
ӢԴղŷԺԺ̬ѾһˣȻ˵ĻҲ˳ԷһѡԷڰԼȻûӲܵĵ
ΪгԹţӢǺеʶģûЩŮ˳õһ޶ϵļǺһˣץסϸɲźӽ۵ûҲϴˣҾǲȥܰôأͺǷծһУҳǷģǧ겻겻㻹ǿҸɵۡ
һӢ⻰Ǹж֮ǰǰŮһֱͷø߸ߵģݳȻҲ˺ǲˬڵ˹ؼʱ̣ԷȻعͷ˵⵹еһ֮⡣
Ȼ˵ĻԺȻҵˣǰһһ˵г°ģ֮ǰȷʵǲܣٰѲȥĻǾ͸ˣԻ̧֡
һĻȻ˵쳣е˼ȴԶ׼ģ֮ǰǰ⺢ӰŽϸɲȷʵԣȻˣҲֻˡҲˣӲҪöԷߵĻһνҽԺе˭Ҳеֻίһˡ
ҪĻһҲͰˣƲһ쵼ɲ˵һˣܲںһŮһʶǽ¹ϵŷٵĸףǶ϶ϲʹ˰ֵġ
һ׼֮ʣͻȻһһ
һŮԺһûͷ֪˭ˡǵѾһˣŷٵٶȷʵҲӦõˡͷŭѹѹȻתͷ˵ٽ㣬أ
⻰ԺФͻԾΪŷóһŷߵǰԺʵһڣ
һŷٲŸոյҽԺûüȥҡĳ˺Ժ󣬴һ绰ĺ÷ԷͰһԺ򵥺ŷ˵һ顣ڵߵĺ÷ŮԺȥסԺʱûʲô
ŷٴűķͶӣ³Ժֱϸɲս벡쳣ǰ㿴ФıӰǾͳкԷղѾ˵ˣФһһأ
һС£÷ϣܴܿˡһŷٸղŵĻֽǣǳ԰οԷ
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ŷٵǳͣ͵ֻվߵһȻϣ£Ҳ֪˫ݣ¾ƣ⻰С
һ⻰ԺӼᶨҪ¸㶨Ѿһ䲡ˣԹŰ裬ҪٲúһԺŷٵĸĸָʲôأ
һһرСˣ˳ŮҲоӣȻ̩егô죬ȻһǻԹڵϣŷĺ÷ֲԸ뿪Ժɾˡ
һԸӢŮˣֻһ취֮֮ҪݣţܰʰˣԺҲҺҵɪ
һĲ²һҲӢ˿Թһŷ٣Ȼһӿ͸֮Ĺϵϵĵ֮黹ǷǳԵġҲãŮҲգҾһӲԣҺΡ
һȻѾʰӢ⣬׼ֱӳԷѣ֮ǰҪһ׼һһһۣȻ˵Ժղŵ˼˵ҽԺǲ봦ֻǵɴ˳ֵĺҽԺ޷еûɣ
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һ˿ܵʲôǻ


һǧİһ ۵һ
һʻ˵֣ǰƣֻӲؽ뷨˻ȥһһЦһ˵гҽԺȷʵΪղҲг˵ҪˣʲôµĻҽԺĶеΡ
һʱԹȻ⣬ôһǰŮ䲻£λȴСܵģг½⡣
һ˿ǿƵ˼㣬ֺóӢֲһ߶֮ǰųӢ˵һͺǲˬһ˵ǳӢȻҲüͷһ
Ľ߶ˣ˵еãźǣһȻںҽ˼ʮ꣬ûв͸һ㣬ĽҲͿ֪ˡ
һһһۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ֻԺ仰ˣȻҽԺ³еΣԸ£ǵȻҽԺΪѣɣ飬ԺӦûʲôɣ
Ǹһ֪һĺ«ʲôҩһӲ֪λشźá
ҹʱһѾ⣬ȥˣҲ֪ͨԷһõʱʦһȥˣŻ˵Ұ䲡˵ȫȥע̬ȣһҪòҶˡ
һ⻰˵úֻû񽫶ԷȥǰڶԷĻϡӢøһ㲻ĻҲûбҪʲôˡһӳʱ򣬲ûµ˼ڶԷȻҲͲ¸һˡ
ͿԷˬˣԷҪŮ˵Ļͳȥˡũӵܣټڲ˺ü꣬۾಻ɳӣĶˡںˣϰ巢ˣǻûκιˣԷ֣ԷȷѵĻǾ͹ֲˡ
һķԸԺ󣬻ǰԳӢΪ׵һ˵ȣһƣȻ˵¿Ƴ˴ȥǵĲллϣ
ϰĻԺһ˵ʣûͱˣǱ
ˣӢ⻰Ժϻúһ飬һ飬Żŭ˵Ͳȥô
⻰Ժص˶Էһۣ˵ҷŸɾһ㣬ȻŮˣʵִĻǿԹˡ
˵Ժ󣬻͵ǰ
ӢԺ󣬳һȻϺǿӲʱ򣬻ǳһˣ߾ʧؼе㡭ʲô㻹Ҵ˲ɣ
񿴵Էɫģ¶һ˿мЦ⣬Ȼ󿪿˵ģֻǰǰѶóȥ
˵Ժ󣬻Ѹ̽һץӢߵɫаֻ裬Ȼ첽űȥһ״ְŷٺͺһóһ·Фкɵվűߵıķһá
ſԺ󣬻ֱӽΰһֻһӣֻ۵һֻ豻ˤڵأ̶
ûκͣѸ߻ز棬ųӢ˵ôѾȥˣɣڻҪҰǶӳȥɣ
⻰˵쳣ΪѵصֱҪһӳȥ治ʲô¡
Ӣʱһ˿֮УҪٲȥĻԷ˵Ǹӳȥ˵Ͽһɺݾ˵һĺݾҲղǰˡ
ڳӢﻢµʱǸСһȥڴϵǸСкĸҲǳӢһֶԴӹø˺гԺˮһ㣬һѣڽϻ졣
֮ǰһĸʱ׼ĳˣ뵽ԷʲôгҲûڻȻǼҵĶȥˣвҪѹĸӳȥҪûһ㶯ĻԺô졣
¾˵һ棬ȴһɵƣЩѻһ𣬴ʲôģȻСһӻղĶӦһӣٱҪϬܶࡣ
ȻУǳ¾ֻ辶ˡҪƽʱĻǰѿѪ۵ĵɵǲģղżϵܵҽԺڼˡȻû˼һֻо͵ȡˡ
¾Ȼ󣬵ܶŹһˣһ۾Ϳ˷ڲ輸ϵֻɫϿǵˮƿװ˿ˮտҽԺĹԱ͹ġҪú˵ĻǿɱСţˡһˣһ۶Ż񣬵ˮƿһԺͷͻȻϮԷˡ
˵Ļ᲻ᷢ⣬¾һҲģƽʱЩСܶݣµĻǹŰƽġΪԷͷֻҪԲ¡
еĹؽԺ󣬳¾Ǻ޹˼ɣֻҵһʵĻᣬ͵Էѣȡһеġ
Ͱѳ¾ıֿˣΪڲǧֱжûУǿ˵ˡԷֳ˲ֻˣŮȻΪǣǸʲôгƤܹûʲôɱһĻעȻȫǸСˡ
ѶԷıȫȴװȻδӣǸŮ˵㵽ûѽҵԿǺ޵ѽҪǻĻҿֻжԲˡ


һǧİ ү
¾Ϳıֲˬˣ֮һֱ̲Ҫ˶Էעʱ򣬸һһٽſ¡ڼԷװƵ˳̶ȣҲ˲ˣˮƿ͵س˹ͬʱдţҲıƣȻܵװˣӷ㣡
һֱѶԷıֿ˹ˣһ֣ҵȵľſ¶Բ˵
뷨û˶Էϳʱ͵ǰһȻ̧ҽźݺݵ˳ȥһɾ䣬ҿ硣
¾˿һ־ڱصõļƣôҲ뵽ԷȻһţٶ죬ƴʱѾˣˮƿ׼һŴ󿪣ԷһС
¾ֻøһ㣬ֱȥĶаȥˮƿҶԷʱֻװˮˮƿ׸ԲעĻ˵Լ¾Ҳһܵˣˣ˵ͬʱˮƿ˵ϡ
ֻصһ죬ˮƿըˣƿƬˮƿĿˮ˳Ͽǵţûʲôˣ¾ĿϻմһЩˮƿĲӰ첢̫
ڳ¾һұʱ򣬶ͻȻһ߾Ȼ͵ϮӲ㣡п࣬ղ˵̫һƨˤ˵ϣ㿪ˡ
һֱע¾Ŀĺܼ򵥣ϣԷ֣ԸղŲֵһ㣬뼤ŭԷֻöԷȳˣ˳ȥʰԷ˵ϰĵҪˣվסȻٺúõʰԷĻ˵ʱҲúͶԷּۻۡ
Ƕ˵ȳ¾Ѿþˣò׵ȵˣȻʹ˷ŹһŽԷ߷ڵԺӰΣֱȥ˵еĺǸԷľ棬˿ڵϣҪ˳ǲܵ飬Ĵ󵨵ֱȥŰԷ
ʱĳ¾ǵ˴ùˣҪ˵ƽʱʱҲûٺЩһͱ˸̣ǸЩڻʵ̫Сһ㡣ȭϣӢСͷһ㡣
ӢֶӰˣŻҲֲг˲Ʋݲ˵ҲֻһͨСŮˡһб仯̫ͻȻˣֶˮƿҶԷ˭֪ԷһţȻˮƿصľ죬漴Ǵֶ¾˼ͷ
ԺһֱֺǿƵŮҲˣеˣˣߣͰȥ
⻰Ժ󣬻ӳһȭͷӲͣڿУ˫ĳ¾СèĹҲۣսӵʱ򣬾ûôĶ֡
¾⻰Ժ󣬺޲ֱһطȥˣĵ漴ҰοѹһôͣԭһսԱ֪Ҳѽ
ӢǸƻˣһæɩһֶ¾￴תۼһƵģҲǵǰɷ޵ʱ򣬶Ҵ
һ֪ϣӦòˣھǽԷһӣҲ䲡ˡȻ˵ĻҲûҪ˷ʱˣǱүӿɻأһиʲôĻǿµ˶ûС
һ˳Ӣһۣ˵¿Ƴϣ˵㻰֮뿪䲡ĻһкԸ
˵⻰ԺһûٿǸɫŮˣһֻŷ٣һֻŶӣ˵ٽ㣬ߣȥ۰֣˼ӦÿҪˡ
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һһçײ֮ˣȻĶǾ˵׼Ӧ֮ߡղŷֵʱƺһٽ㣬µĻʱֻҪһ仰ܽ°ƽˡŷҵĸɵŸɽֲѽĹķûһɣ
ʮǰһʱʼŷپ͸΢ĹػչˣֹذһЩˡ޺աǰ£һȴʲôûܸԷҲͨŷһվµĻᡣǳŷһô⡣
Фһıֶһһ˵һôмֳ嶯ˣҲһ쳣ĸжСүǣҵ
һˡӺФһſڵʱǡҽˡҽ˵ҿҽԺȽϼʱҪٳһĻǺ˵ѽˡүͦһصϢԺڳ˶һʵŷ٣ӯ
ŷҵףһûղһŷٵ֣ԷӣֻĵڶԷ£ʾҪ˼
ŷҳԺֱӽػҽҪ۲ʱСʱԺûʲôĻתͨ
ȻʿһаźԺһŷٴСһȥŷүӾڲ棬ͷϲӣŷټϰֵԺ̲ס


һǧİ ϹԮ
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⻰ԺһˣԷҲµ˫ǣͲأ˭Ը̲ˮҲֻɵƣûиˣڵĽ˽վӡⲻˡ
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绰ͨԺ󣬳ӢȥԷ˵һ顣Թֶˤ˸첲Ҳͦĵģ˺һ飬ͷŭһӾˣڵ绰ͷŭʵ˭ıӵˣȻҽ涯ִˣҽԺıǸʲôԵģ
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Թҽ䲻ţҲһ˵ҵλ쵽ԺľԲɵơһ֪ܲԼݣ£Էôɣ˵ԷͷҲ򵥣ƾݵŷöԷȥ
Ӣ⻰Ժ΢΢һ㶣׼˵һݣϹ˵֪أҵˣԷˣȻˡ
Թ˵ԷȻһĶһ˵µ˶Էݣǻһ˿룬˵Ҳ֪ԷĶһȴƺԷΪг
⻰ԺԹеһ˿ϣˣԷǰһƷίǺгǸгһ벻žȻͶԷ֣ҪǲԵĻǲŽмأ
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ӢϹ˵࣬￩һ£ʶʵϹôһǸصģ
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Թ⻰Ժ˵˼̩еίǡгɲ˵
Ϊ˷ֹԹһݺгɲʾϰ֮ǰʲô֪صǿɾͻ֮ˡ
⻰Ժ󣬳Ӣһסˡ֮ǰһƺгʱʶΪԷݻؼصг벻˼Ҿǻʵĵؼг
һĻӢֻú亹ֱð˵ٴһѹˣ˼ұԼϹ˿ɲֹһҪǸʲôĻǻóԲ˶ߡ뵽Ժֻ˵Ϲ֪ˣ绰֮ǰҾİɣ
ԹŵĻԺԷһġղ֮԰һ˵ô֪µس̶ȣʧ̬һ񻯡
Ҷϵ绰ԺԹͨί˵ĵ绰ںͶԷĹϵǣҲòŹĨǣѸղŵķԼϰ˻㱨ڴ˹У⽫һЩ߲鵭ˣؾȻռȵ֮顣
ˣ˻һᶼûиԹڵ绰ͷ˵Сѽ±ǲԣһСôסϸɲȥأ⣬гǺ쵼˼һˣ㲻֪ҲͰˣ֪ˣôҲԷԶٷʲôİɣ
Թ⻰Ķܲ׶Է˼أǡ
˵ˣ¾ɣˣҪгĻ˵пյĻ
⻰ԺԹֻͷߣæشӦ


һǧİ Ϊֹ
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һ̬ȣԹٴĵҲһ鷳ˡԼ˱µ뷨æһ绰ţ߶ԷµΪֹˣǧҪҶԷ鷳ĻгҲ㲻µġ
ӢȻһ޵ϹѾ˵ˣҲҲͷˡԷʵǿǷܺˣȻ˵ĻҲɷҲڡ
ӢչҶϵ绰ڲڵĳ¾æʵ裬øô˵ģ׼ʲôʱʰһ
¾˵һȻָһͻȻղǻ񶯵֣ҲóõʲôƨгĻǸƻļһԲֵġ
ԩͷծȻղ˵øҹϵأ˸˳Ǹг©֮㡣
СѽͲҪˣøڵ绰˵ˣղҲʶǿѣҪٸȥĻ˫Ժټ棬û˵ˡӢֶɷнµ˵
ӢͷǶڵɩӺֶ棬˼ҺݺʰһͨƨҷһɶˡڹҶɷĵ绰ʱ˵ǣһĻ˾Ͳö˵ʲôˡ
¾֮Լ£һѩǰܣ벻Էȴðһ˵ǣʧ˼㡣ֱӲģ뵽ԷǼҵİͦĻϹȥ
뵽Ժ󣬳¾վԳӢ˵У裬͹øģŹøʰǵʱҸںֵģڼȻѾûҪˣҾȻȥˣСܡ
ӢڴֶϵΪ֪ģ֮ǰе㵣ĶԷӣڿǶˡЦŶԳ¾˵ˣСΰҲûʲôˣ˵ҺأȻȥɣʲôµĻǸ绰
¾⻰Ժһת衢СܴһкԺ첽뿪˲
ߵ¥ݿڵʱ򣬳¾ͨ¥¥ݣŭ˵ģǸӵţĲΪˣ˵⻰ԺͿ첽¥ȥ߱ͳֻһ롣
һϺŷپҽĺ÷ʮӵʱ򣬴ͱķ˼ҡһФͻｫͻؼңͬʱФһסĵطүˡ
˿ҲһŵҪǷյĻǾԲϰ⣬Լȥ˯ģһͷǳ⣬ҲͲټˣФĺ뿪ҽԺ
ҹһŷ˵Ҹġⲡ֪һµŷ⣬Χûκǡһ˵黰һͷ
ڲŷ˻һСʱҪػһᣬȻٻصϸɲȥ˵÷ֿ˶˯һᣬʵ˭Ҳû˯һ֮䡣
ҹԺŷʵòУһҪ£㴲֪׳µϢæشӶϣһ·ϣ÷ɿ죬ټϵ°ҹˣ۲Ź֡
ŷ˯ԺһҲһѾ¶ˣҹһҪеһ˵ζҪүһͦȥ뷨ԺȻû趨ӣСʱԺһ;ˣȥ˿ŷıһŷ
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Ǣĺ÷Ľ룬һ׼Ҹ緹ˡһ״æͰӵݸŷ٣Ȼ˵ͻȥԡ
ŷٸһһŻȥˡ
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ҽԺԺһﵭ࣬ղҽʱȥҶԷ˽һԷ˵ŷͦģҪմȥĻӦòʲô⣬ԼʮСʱԺ󣬾ܴػˡ
ܵҽԺԺ󣬾˲ٲۣڲ߻ûʲôˣһĻһҲͷˡ֮ǰĵľүһ𣬻ֱӼݺΣͷ֮Զ޷Ĩȥ
ŷĺ÷ֻŷһŮˣ˵ŮΪ˷ϵģүӳµʱŮƫƫߣһжһ££һôİأ
һһԺ󣬶Ի˵ĶԵģȻȥ˯һǷû˰ɣ
ûУФֺϰѣֱӺһкͰסˡش


һǧİ ˶
緹Ժһ͸ڻһҽԶıݣڴϸ˯һᣬֻһФĺ룬˽Фڵ绰гԹһʹһ绰˵Ըǲǹȥ
һ̫ҪԹŮ̫Ŀˣ׼¶ԼݡιҪΪ˱һТģ͵طʲôϸԹķǲȥԡ
ķ粨ԷҲʲôֻͨһǸ⣬ֵ̧˼һҲûͶԷƽϣڶԷȻһ̬ҲͰˡ
Ժ󣬶ֻ˵ѽгλǰ˽µģûҪЩطϵĸĸˣʾһл˵ĺ⣬ˡ
ФҲµóԹһԷ⣬ȻԷѾɿˣٷԲԣҲνˡ룬ڵ绰ͷ˵Уһ˼Ҷˣٴ绰ĻҾظ
Ф⻰˵úҪ޺ԹȻ˵ĻȻûд绰ȥıҪˣֻŶԷٴ绰ʵʱŻһղ˵ǻ߶Է
һ󣬲ÿɷФ̩ܹѹ־ӪͰһ㣬ŶԷС£һκġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ֮ǰ˯ȴôҲҲˡʱô죬˯ĲУ۾ȴôҲ˯ţȻһϲŻ֣ҲνʧˡһƵǣһҹδ˯£ϾȻߵ飬ʵ
һֱһûٵҽԺȥ⵹Ϊ裬ҽԺر࣬ŷټҵţݲϲεģȥ˵Ļŷϲÿĺ÷Ҳ꣬ɴȵٹȥʱŷתͨˣӦûеæ
ʱФһһ緹Ȼһȥһ衣ٻصݵʱһ۵òУֱӺ˯һһֱ˯ŷٴһ绰Ժ󣬶Է˵ٹһҶ˵绰
һͻһԺ󣬿ɫˣ˾׼ȥԷ
˱ݵţǰһԺ󣬻ͻȻһ˵ϰ壬е㲻Ծһָţ֪ʲô·
һ⻰ԺװһۣȻ˵ڲԶͣסŲˣҲ·ߵС̯濿ȥֻֻ۾ȴʼնϡ
ͷĶһ߲ܿĻǽϵС졣˵Էһ¾УһǾе֡ŵҲûк˭ìܣ˵ǵЩѽ
һҲ뵽˻᲻Թҵˣ漴ͽ뷨񶨵ˡƲԷ糿绰ФҪԷ˵Ϊһ֮ҲĵֶΡ
Ҫ˵ºԹûйϵĻһ벻ʲôˡջĿ⣬Ի˵ȲǣǶ⣬ȻФϵһ£ͺִкʲôĻ
˵²û˵ģһûиκε﷭ȥˣһɲΪ֮һ
ϰĻԺóֻФ˹ȥԷ󣬺ǵģڵ绰˵̴Ǳϵһ£Ȼ͹
һתԺص˵ͷ֪й̾ӳФˣһкĻǾ;Բˡ
Ҷϵ绰Ժ󣬺һǰšԷҪʲôĻҲԲھͳ֡һ̽·ģȸǵŵĻǲŻжȻ˵ĻҲûʲôõĵˣ˵ʰЩҵʱ򣬲Ż
ںһںȻ㲻Էͷ뵽ںֵӦòܶࡣСҸµĻ¸󣬵ʱ˭Բ˶ߡ
һ̩ίǡг쵼ɲڵط˵Ѿܲˡ£Ȼ˸֣ҪǸ˵Ļ˭ҲеΡ
ڸе˶ǲ񾡹ܲЩĵĻɫϣԷһϰͽһСݶԸһ¾ˡֻˣФҲˣûҪôų
һԷĻԺ󣬿˵ǰһҺ÷Ƶ꣬ǾȥǳԣǶϰԼФֳʶˣҿǺöûлغˣûɲȥġ
Էô˵ˣȻٶ˵ʲô˰벽Ǽ˵µĻҲ˵ϰ塣
ǰһԺһԶͿ÷Ƶ޺˸ˣô÷òģ಻˵ǰﲻǰǸСѾһȥˡ
÷һʱмֳԾҲûбֵ̫šʱȥҽԺŷˣѾ֪һˡȻ˵ĻǶԷҲͲʲô̫ˡ
꣬ŷ뿪Ժٻͺ÷һСæȻصˣ¶Ҳ֮е顣
һͻսţФҲˡ÷㽫˰ŵ¥ϵİ䣬ȥ޾Ʋˡ
ϻ룬ټ⻹м۵ļһﻢģ˶ûжȣֻһƿƣȻ߱ġ÷źԺҲǣĵúͶע¥£ʱȥ̽һ¶Է٣ԱԵĴ


һǧİ Ϯ
Ȼȵò࣬ȴǳǢ÷׼绰ٻŷٽй˶һ㣬֡
һФæ˵أһ׼ЦȻԷﻹеûף֪ղЩһǲĻٶƲǸݽɫ˵һФҲǳصģŷٺٻйĻ˿ɶʩչˡ
÷󣬲ŷǱߵûȫȶŷٿ϶߲ģҲˡ
극Ժһûȥˣɺ÷˵ʲôҲԸǮֻһ˵ٷġһҲ˼ͺ÷ǫãֻˡƲŷԷĹϵ̸˵Ҳͺ÷ʶʮˣԶٷҲǹֵ顣
һФſںͺ÷䣬뿪ˡǰһԺһͶԻʵô滹˸ѽ
ϰ塣һ˵ղŸǺˣڻһˣжֵ˼
һФ⻰Ժ󣬻һۣǶ׻˼ԷҪǲ׼ֵĻҪͼţҪֱˣǶֵס
Фһһۣ˵һʲô뷨ұѧ̴˹ˡǵڻԷʲôˣȴģҪһʲôµĻҿɳеΡ
һε˵ԹٷݹģҪʲôµĻǴֻ˵̩гˣФ˵㡣
һȻ̽һ̽ԷĵףФ˵أٶ˵ʲôˡ˼Ժһ˵ɣǹʱҪ̫Ķٹ۲һ¡
һֻҪ쵽ֳԷԲκζˡҪФôĿĻʱһϣԷ᲻ʲô׻˵úã͵ǡһҪǲме㲻
Ф⻰Ժһóֻй̾Ӵӳѧ˹ȥڴ绰ʱФѹ¸ǺǼһ֮ԼŽ˹ҪǵһݡĽǶȳγҲںļһ˭
Фķ֮أ⵱Ĺֳѵúһһ£ȻһЩ۵ļһﶢˣϺ޹⡣ԷʱĻͲˡ
绰Ժ˶ﶼ࣬˵Цǰȥ
һǰˣӦӡɣںһμ棬⸽ĴŵϺȵľƣֻи죬ЩŵѱȡˡФǰľµ˵
ѽ黹ĿһתۣѾʮǰˣʱÿѽһФͬʱȥظп
ǰ塢Ժ󣬻ͻȻ˵ãϰ壬Ф֣
񵽵ǾܹרҵѵģټһֱԱһİȫΪְעǳС£ȷ˲Ծ
кԺһФ̧ͷһֻͷ߸ˣǵ϶Ÿֹܡ֮һͲǺˡԺæתͷȥֻͬҲ˼ˣŴ磬ϵļһﶼǰһ
һФһڿԷ˳ֵ׼һǴ֣ǰأ·ɲһƤܹóġ
̯ˣ̯ϴˡ˵֮ǰФѾ̴ϵˣԷҲҪӵʱ䣬մĻǲֵܼõӶ⡣
ԷǸſԺ󣬾㾯ˣɢҲ׽סǡŲټԶϲû·ƣԹߺܲãҪĻʵ̫ˡ
ȴңФ˵Ф֣Ǳ߹ǰ滹Ǻ棿
й־ίԶ÷Ƶб棬ӷλ˵ӦǴǺ
ФĻشԺ˵ϰ塢Ф֣ǰ壬ǽҺ棬˵
һФ⻰Ժ׻˼ˡȻӺǾǰ壬ʱȾ쵽ˣǿٻͷͷЩһ档ԷǰȻʮˣȴûаǷƶһ󵨵ļƻ
⻰ԺһФȻʲô֮ǰͱһڶԷȻǰӡҪǲ⾿ôµĻǻñ
ļӿ˽ŲһФǶųԶԷˣԲûа˵Ķϡ
ھԷʮҵʱ򣬻ͻȻɽͻһŶԷ˹ȥһФҲҴ⣬ڻ𹥻ʱҲѸٽ󣬳ǰ߸˹ȥ
ıִǼһ֮⣬Ҫģ˲Ҫģǵһμ
ʱһĶͻȻһע⣬һеУȰſ¡էһһ;еϤһ룬뵽Է˭ˣǶԻ˵˵Сӣ
һڶݵԺ뵽˵ԹŵֶӣҲڲ汻ʰǸС졣ȻԷ֣ˣûźð顣
Ҳе죬ȻϰѾԸˣûҪٶԽˣֱӳŸղźǻɱ˹ȥ


һǧİ Ϯ
¾ôҲ뵽ᶸȻ˹ձԷеϰټβе㲻ʣ첢ûгǰ棬˭֪Է
¾ͬʱ͵һҲǸƽͷͬʱתлŵĶ̸ֹܡһ̫ͻȻǸСƽͷӦʶԷʱѾˣֻøʵʵһţֻҪλˣ͵һɣֹѱԷȥˡ
Ϊһ۵ֱô˸񶷵ĹռλˡĹǿҲܲס˼Ҹֹܡкڶ֮ȵøһֵļһܸԷɸɱˡ
СƽͷĸֹԺ󣬻Ѿ˳¾ĸǰɵؾֹܣŶԷͷȥϵֱ׼˶ԷʵȻ
¾˸ǰڴģͻȻǰһԷֹ˹Ϊϻ켣֣ȻһֹĺҪܣڶԷһ̫ͻȻҺͺ涼ˣ޴ɱܡ
ʶԺ󣬳¾ԥˣæؾ첲ڵͷھٸ첲ͬʱҲž˻һֱֹۻǳСһƴȥ
ѾõһָˣҪһڶԷ˵ʱܲˣǰȥ¾ǰԺ󣬻ԥ߳һţһڳ¾ϥǵĲ棬ֻһҽУ¾ˤڵأֱֻȵϥǣһʹ಻ı飬Ӧܴᡣ
һԺ󣬻ͲٹˣǳղһʹöԷϥؽܵش㲻Ѿʣʱ֮ڣġ
ڻʩػ֮ʱһФҲûţ˷ֱ㶨һһڶԷ߸ˣټ϶мһҲֱһ¡Фֱϱһ£һ򱻸ֹһ£ֲֹ֪ܻһ£ֻûġ
˵ܵ˲̶ͬȵĻ򣬵ﻹм֮ġϾںԷҲİ󣬲ûд湻ܵˣֹܺҵĺ͵ľ
Ǻ·Ǽһ͵ǰȥһԺҲ͵׷˹ʣµȫŵȻǲܵˣæкһФϰ壬Ф֣ȳɣ
ۿŻѾԹֶӷŵˣҪô˵ĻʵڿϧڵƺϾҪǲߵĻ˼пܶôȥȻ˵ĻֻȽȡˡ
ڻһФ׼ʱ򣬶ͻȻ˾Ӷ˹Ǽһһ羪֮һ㣬Ķٶͣתȥ
쾯Ѿ̾ӳѧ˵֮ǰФҪ͵һ㣬ȴûնԷҪȥѧԼĿǣФ˵Ǻһһģλڿ̩ег˾쵼ҪںʲôĻǿóԲ˶ˡ
Ųй޹뷨ѧӴʱ򣬾˰ѾѾƣȫˡһ֮٣ĳ̶ֳ˵һ˵ĴæĻԷǱȽϽҪڶʱ֮ȫ˵ĻҲô׵顣
˵飬ԺǰһɢˡһФҲˣ˷׷ȥ
Ҫ׷ϴͷ˻ǲ̫ʵˣǰһҪѣɾûôˡһ˸ɷһФһͷɵˡ
߿Ĺ򣬾㵽ǰѧڳԶԶͷӰӰ´µģڴܡﰵһãæ˼ӿ쳵˹ȥһ̣ѧᵽɤۣһФ⡣
ǰһѧվǶ˵Фһŷæ³첽˹ȥߵǰԺ󣬴˵гФֳǲ˼ˣλ쵼𷣡
ФȻ֪¸ѧϾ绰һṦ˼Ҿ͸ϵˣһ棬Ҫ˵Է䣬Ͼ϶˼һںĴϣԷȻһΡ
Фѧ˵ѧôģ㿴£쵼ô˵źѽһҪǷһĻҿ㡭
һФĻԺæ˵º˼ζӳûйϵӦøл˼ҲŶԣôˣ
ѧ֪ôճأ벻гȻ˵ʵе̫⣬æ˵гФĶԣǵĹȷʵûλָ´һŶԣû´ˡ
ǵĶԻԺ󣬺ͳ¾һЩ첻ˣǺ޲óȥѶԷŰǵʱ˵۵˵裬úһ¶ԷǶ֪¾ĹʲôˣǿõгˣҪʰˣǻǱ۾顣
ⷬԻԺЩһȫסˣ꣬Щʲôѽ̴ζӳԶԷϹϾģһһгֳģղǿøֹܡ˼кģˡ
뵽ʱ⼸һɱ˳¾˼ˡȻҲʲôģЩȦˣʲô£¿ɺã¶ģ㲻Ҫ̣ǿɽе˴ùأ
һ˿̿ɲЩô룬ѧ˵ζӳ¾鷳ˣǸг¾֮ǰҽʱеСڣбѽ׼˼ѽ


һǧİ ʵ
ѧеͷ󣬲֪أһһ˵ˡ¾ֵʱе죬ʱѾܲôˡѧФһִģڶԷ飬Ǿ飬˿⡣
İɣгһ°ףФһѧһ˵
һ⻰ԺʾѧߵһߣȻ˵ζӳиҿɵøһ£֪¾ܺгеϵҪǾΪѵĻҲûйϵǰ֪һ
ѧ⻰Ժһ㶣漴׹ˣֲղ¾ֵʱе죬ԭǸ˵¾ܲãԹţټҲǴСϣϵͳҲô벻쾹Ȼɳôͼ
ѧ̧ͷĿФһۣȻ˵гİɣ֪ôˣҵФˡҲС˭ҵֶҪǲˮʯĻ˭̴߳
һ⻰Ժ󣬺ǿģѧļ˵У¾Ͱˣ⣬Ҳе쵼ӦġҺôҲ̩егںȻ⵽ŻԱĹ¾ô˵ġ
ȻѧѾ̬ˣһҲĵƽ˳ֻҪԷ⼸һ̴棬ѿڹʵˣ漰ݲ鶼
ѧ⻰Ժ󣬳׷ˡֻһСС̾ӳԹгӲĻǿеΪˡȫɶԷ㶨ֻ⼸СʰˣǻСһ
״Ժѧһ˵гģ¾ͽҰˣھͰǴȥˣҵĵ绰ʲôָʾҪĻֱӸҴ绰
һӹѧƬ˵һллȻöԷˡФǰֶ䣬ѧ뿪
ѧ˶ԺһФһȥҽԺһ¶ˣһҪúԹ鷳Ȼ飬͸һܻ벻ֶȻһҪٲԿгΪںֻܹˡ
ȥҽԺԺ󣬽ϵ˺˴һ϶һûУôҪΪһ¼ȻҪԹú˵˵ǸĹʵˡ
֮ѡȥҽԺûȥҽһҪŷٵģŷѾĵˣٳµĻԷָôأ
ԺһһƧĵطֱӲͨί˵ĵ绰ȻԹˣһҪҲӵĻֱǵȻٺˡҲţе鶼ڰ϶˶ˣһҲάԹ
˵˰ȥʡίУʱ򣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵ǰһæģԷʱֵʱ򣬾ԲġȻѾȥöˣһܴӶԷһһ㳡ӣǾԲ˿ԥģҪ׼ôճ
ӵһĵ绰ԺǾú֣Է˵ԺͷĸоնԷ˵¿ɲôװƽġȻе㻳µʵԣڴӦһһһ
绰ԺһФֱҽȥˡ֪ҹЩ˵Ǹ֮ҹºûκιϵˣڶ˵ȥҽԺŷ١
ԹӦˣոյңͽӵ˵ĵ绰Է˵Ժֻͷ˵һ£֪ôźãƫƫʱ˵һκʹ绰ģǺİ°֮ǰһȷĴ
Թ˵ʲôʱ򣬶ԷѾҶ˵绰
ڿɵվһԺԹ͵ػˣ첽ߵſڣŭӢܼҵǣôģǲҪȥǸ鷳ǵǷƨǰɣڳˣҿôճģӶ챻Ǻˡ
ӢרĿӣ͵ϹƿڴһӻûзӦô£ѶԷĻϸһ׽Ŵô¡æؽ͵ûȥǸ鷳ѽǲб鷳ȻԷ㵽ͷˣ֪˭ͷͷǳ
ƨԹŭ֪˭ĵ绰˼Ҫûаٷ֮ٵİգܰѵ绰Ƕȥղڵ绰Ѿ˵ˣǱֶӶѾ̴˴ˣ»ûйϵ
ʲôСС̴ȥˣСôôĵҪȥǶԷģôǲأӢſǻ˵
Թŵ⻰ԺԷ˵ġʱŲѵģڿӦǳ¾Լ⣬ŲûйϵҪĻǾͲʲô̫ˡ
ˣԹǲģϸһֱȫԺų׷ǰԺԹ˵Ӣѽһ͸ҵҽҪʲô취һҪȡŷźŮ½⣬ǧסǲɿڣͲҪ뿪
Ժ󣬳Ӣ￩һ£һŵʵºĻǲǾܰСȳˣ
ԹŵĻԺҡҡͷ˵ھȻǱֶ£ɶȲˡĻ˵ֶϹҶסˡ
ӢΪֶ¾йϵ벻ǣϹһ¿ŵòᣬæصͷӦ


һǧİ 
ϣŷ㱻ŵͨФͻæֱȫźˣ˲뿪ĺ÷ϰûʲôˣҲСؼˣһŷٺǰһһ
ڶһ磬Ӣ͵309棬˲ٶҽžæǸڶԷϾгˣĺ÷ŷٶû鷳ԷһûиԷʲôɫǳԷΪ
һҲ֪ƾ£ǲԹ㷭˵ģöԷԣ֪Ե˵ġ㣬һŻġ
ۿŷҲȶˣԹ뷽跨غϵһǸ뿪ʱˡ֮ǰһҪҪһֱĹ滮Уŷ̫ͻȻһˣû뷨ˣڿʱ䵹ǻԣ㹻ȥˡ
磬һФŷ١ٻټϻһȥ÷ĺ÷Ƶһٷһ׼˵ģ˭֪ФǰʸˣһҲû̫⡣Ф֮Ľ飬ԶٷģûҪϡ
ŷٺٻ÷þòˣĵúͶһФҲһûһںţȳ극ʱѾˡ
һФ׼ʱ̩ʲôʱ绰˵⻰ԺһûȥϢһ£ȥ飬Ժͻϡ
飬е㲻̫ģ뿪˵ʲôФʹɫ񿴵ԺӲǰѵߵĻ˻ȥ˵ͷ
ǴԺһصҽ϶ԺŶŷ˵ĸȥһطŷԤеһʲôʲôҲûʣ϶Ӿϳˡ
˺ǣֱȥŷٽһ֤֮ǰ뷨ܸоһĸһƬذǿʵһһҪǳʲôµĻǿɾ鷳ˡ
û£糿ʱҾͺͰ˵ˣİɣһᶨ˵˵⻰ԺعͷС˵ڶʱ㲻һֱ˵Ҫүүְֽ̣ȥǣ
С⻰Ժ󣬿ĲѣС֣˷ܵغŶȥүүඣŶȥүүඣ
ŷٿ˷ܵģҲȻˣ˼Ҿ㲻ϲĸҲΪǡȻ˵ĻʲôõĵأһôĿĸΪĸһԸ˶ѡ
һŷĸӵľʱͺ͵Ƕˡȥ괺ڵʱһͺ˵ŷٺСˡʼʱ򣬻е뷨ס߶Ҳʵ
糿ʱһͻȻ绰˵Ҫŷĸӹӵ绰Ժڷе˵ȥľɻˣʲô·˵ʲô˶ϸ˺һ
е⣬ŷһûз֮ȴַ֮ʵһһӣĶӻëë缸
ھһԺ󣬾ŷҲɶϱϵ綯ȥ̳һֱ֣ҵʱ˶Էһֻչŵʱĸ׸ġ
벻һȻһûеڶҵˣֻȥһŶԶԷݵһϿɣǲһģ̫Ҫġ
ŷٽе棬ݸʱŷһ㶣漴׶Է˼ˣǸжˮֱۿת
״æ˵ŮѽôˣǻСӲԣú˵
ŷٱӲŲˮ⻰ԺҲ಻סˣһ˽Ļһ裬
״ҲǱһᣬŷٵĺ󱳣οˣӣ֮ǰ鲻ˣȥɣӽ쿪ʼҲĶϱӣԶǣ
ΪŮˣŷٶһ˴źĺƯļѣһ˵µʱһʼ˶Է֮⣬Ҳûж˵ʲôŷ˵ĻҲȷĵġ
ŷ˺ĻԺˡôܵĿѺίڴʱ˿һԶȫй˳ôܵʵ̫̫ˣǶԼĸĸҲûаЩ˵ֻǺǵһ˵һ飬ŷĺ÷Ҳǰ¡
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һһĵسһͺ֪ŷٵĸһסҽԺأ˶˵һ͹ȥԷ
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ǿӵ绰Ժ˵Ѿ֪ˣ׼ֳһֳԺӦ֮ߡ


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˽ǿһ׼ڽһͻȻʵʩгأʩΪôڣ
һ˵⻰ʱܲãں仰ֱˡ֮ǰʱϵһȷʵɡڷֹʱʩΪʼݵģҪ︺÷蹤أô飬ȻӰô˵е˵ȥɣ
ǿ⻰ԺɫҲһţȻг칫ϵݣ˵ȶֳΨȱ֣òô˵˵ȥɣ
ѩޱԺ󣬿˵гղźгѾҺʩгϵˣֻػˣĵ绰Ҳû˽
һ⻰Ժɫһŭ˵ʲôѩޱ鳤ھ͸ȥҹˣղſǵŴҵ˵÷蹤ڳô飬ȻҲˣǻˣ
ʩΪίίгһ˵ûκΪʩΪȷʵеˣ͹ֲñˡ
һĻԺǿ΢΢һ֪һʲô˵ʩΪˣҲԷ˵û
ѩޱһĻԺӦ漴ȥתȥ취ȥʩΪϵˡ
һС󣬺ǿһ·صȥߣ߶Ե˵ǡг¥Ƕڽ崱¥һ·ʱʮ˯ȫˣ֧Ӻ侯֧ӵĹٱڻ֯ӪȣΪֹЧ΢
⻰Ժǿ˵úõ¥ôأ⣬ǲһѾõ¥Ϊʲôùס棬סڽŵ¥棬ⲻҵ𣿡
ǣ⻰ʺг϶û취ش㣬ʶŵˡһشǿһ䡣
Ʋ֮ĳɼ˵ڶžȻô飬һһ֮ٺõҲ಻סˡ
ǿ⻰Ժһ죬漴ŭ˵ŵأأ
ǿ˵⻰ʱҲ쳣˰˶ȡ
塭Ŷǣأǿһ⻰Ժæǰ˵
˵˵¥ô£úõģôģǿݺݵصһŭ˵
⻰ԺƲѣæ˵ǣҲ֪ô£Ұֺ͹˾ĳܼ඼߸أһӦõˡ
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е㲻Ը⣬Էһͷס˹ϡ˭֪˯ʱͻȻļ죬͵׼ʱ˽㱨˵¥¡æܣʱʱɵˣֱΪֹﻹͨͨͣأ
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һҲǿ⣬Ҳûеƣǿ첽ǰȥڵ֮ǰ˸ȳûµĻ鶼˵ĿǰĻƺֹܲۡ
ǰһԺһ¥һM״߸ߣмͣһƬټϷ裬ֲĸо
ʱ˵ӳƶӳǺгһĿǰ
⻰ǳ侯֧ӵλ֧ӳ˵ģǿһһ¾Ԯ
侯֧ӵĻƶӳ⻰Ժ󣬶֧ӵӳ˵ӳҲܰɣǸյߣǺ˽⡣
Է⻰ԺӳҲûпǿһһȻ˵λ׳ʮ˱˷£Ǻ侯ͬ־ڻ֯ʩȣ¥λ֪ľλã޷ʹô͵ھеԽȷǳ


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˵⣬߾һŭȣˣû¸Զ㣬ʲô֪ҾͲ֪⾿ʲô
˵˵Ȼǿʵܲ˱ֶⶪۣɴһͨȻߵԶԶġ
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Уͺϵһ£ǿ˵ߵʡҪ쵼һ㱨ʮѽ
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һǿȥˣҲֵʡˡʱҪǴ绰ɽ£һǾٲ˵ġ
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뵽ԺһߵһȥֱӲ־Ƶĵ绰ǵ֣ʡܹҪɣ
绰ͨԺ־ڵ绰ͷʵһʲôˣ
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һԷһлԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
ǱߣǿҲûţ˵ߣӦԪ㱨ɽĹϵǣȺͶԷȡϵ
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˼Ժɽڵ绰ͷ˵ǿѽǻ㱨ԷʲôָʾͷٸҴһ绰
ǿæһӦ
ʷǳӣǿһ¬ɽҵ֮ĿǰǵһλģǱ侯֯ʩȣ߸ԵȻҲҪӦ׼
СʱԺ̩ʱίںŹ˾ѾɵǴסլ¥ٿֳ칫ᣬǳªʱ˭ҲȥƽЩġ֪Ķķίֱ档
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ǿĻԺɫһüͷһ֣˿̣ͷ֪֮ΪͦʩΪŹϳί飬Ҫȴ˵ȥӣŸϹڳѽǿʹŹ֡
ҲٴĻǿ˿ҲȽѹȥһһԺ˵ͬ־ѽҶѾˣڱҷһߣȵ취ʮֵܸгҽһɣ
һǿĻԺ󣬽ӿ˵ͬ־ǣ˵¥ôģ˭ΣЩʱһߣ̵֮ʱڣʮ
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һ˵ʱſͻȻ˶漴ŤͷȥֻʩΪһЦվſڣ˵˵ͷԺС߽˻ҡ
ʩΪ˿Ƶ˼㣬򿪼ţѩޱվſڵʱԴ˵һ£һǳˣĻƯ鳤϶ûаҹſڵĵ
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˵г칫ῪԺʩΪӦȥ÷蹤زŶԣôؼأԭġ
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ʱʩΪϢһᣬ׼ȥ÷蹤ءӵӵĵ绰ԺѡӵΪˣˣʵ̲סˣԲڶ绰ġղ֮ȥɽأҲⷽĿǣͲס绰ڹˡ
ʩΪȨһǻؼչӡ⼸÷ڹץúܽȫǻĿܽṹ벻ʲô顣ˣ뿪֮ǰǸһ绰Ŷһ㡣ɲҸŵ˴绰´һĶʱ˵ˡ
ʩΪ񵽼Ժ󣬱׼͵ҽԺȥģ˭֪ͻȻêˡˮԷһ£ڸо΢һ㡣ʱѾˣʩΪ׼糿˵Ϊ˷ֹӰϢʩΪֻֻȫػˣ绰߶εˡ
ѩޱ˵ԺʩΪ¥Ķˡں޲óԼͣû¹ʲôֻ⣬㳵êˣ⳵Ҳ͵ҽԺȥѽôҪǿ
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˵⻰Ժѩޱóֻǿ鷽˹ȥ
ܴʱʩΪȷʵǳֵͬ飬׻˵úã֮˱пɺ֮ѩޱ˿ֻǹ¹죬ûвκ˽˵С
ѩޱĵ绰ԺʩΪľһһ·϶ܲ᳡Ժ󣬸һҡβģȻĵ͵ûвӦеͬ飬ǡ
ʩΪǰ׼һĩλ£ͻȻһȣ˭ģûλãҳȥ
⻰Ժ󣬲Ҫ˵ʩΪˣڳ˶һôҾĵǻݣ˵ˡ⻰ҪǴһ˵ǵûʲôֵģϾʩΪһֱԸᣬúôһ¶ԷҲ֮е顣
ڵǣ˵֮˲һίǿе˷ѽˣ˶֪ʩΪǿˣΪöԷίίǴ˿νɷѿģ˽ڴгγίΪʩΪġڵô˵棬ǿһӲʩΪֱӽϳ᳡ִ۾֮С
ʩΪէһ⻰ǲˣǿŭĿԲӣʶղǻȷǳǴ֮ڡʩΪʱˣ֪ӦԲźãͰ͵˵ǣҡǣǡʲô
·̫ͻȻʩΪ֪ôˡ
ʱǿ緢ŭʨһ㣬֮ǰ˰˶ȣŭûйϵҳȥ
Ҫ˵֮ǰʩΪıǿӣڶԷˣˢһ磬һһ㳡ӣҲ˵ùȥʩΪѾˣڲӣе벻ˡ
һ̧ͷˣɨǿһֻۡһŭݣȥòᣬһܾҲ۾ô򵥡ǿΪίǣʩΪôҲڽԷϳȥ˵ˣȻίǣûнһίίȥȨ
ίί˵ίǡǵһΣô˵ҲʡܸɲʲôʱֵίֱӰһίɨسˣ
һоǿôĿģȻʱ͸Է⣬Ǿֹһ顣ʱҲֻΪˣ˻治ϾһַĻҲֻ֣ʸתӣ˫һ̨¡
Ժһ˵ʩгһʡרҵԮӵͬ־ǾҪˣ鷳ҳȥӦһ¡
ʩΪ⻰ԺֻۿһȣҪɶˡæŶԷĻ˵ãг֪ˡ
˵⻰ԺʩΪûǿһ۾תȥˡ
Ժڳˣǿ⣬һ˶һһŹʹǡôʩΪ˳̨ˣҲȫǿӣνһá
ʩΪŭת뿪ǿȴһζͷ֮ǰʡίǳԪ㱨µʱ򣬱Էͷһ٣ȻҪ뾡һа취ȱ˵ȫĻҪеһΡ


һǧİһʮ ˭֮
ǿȻҲ֪ʡί֮ô˵ҲΪһʱգҲųҪǸ㲻Ļ˼֡س˴֮һŵŹҶ˵绰
ɽ֮ǰĽǿֲͨ˶Էĵ绰ղźʡίͨϸԷһ˵
֪Ԫ̬ԺɽҲˣڵ绰ǿڵĵ֮ǰѱĽ˾ͳҪˣҪʬͬʱ뿼ƺˡ
䣬ɽ˵úܺǿȴ˶Է˼ôˣܵ˳еΡΪнעˣԵʲô̶ȣڻ˵ϾҪյ¹϶Ժ󣬲֪ǸóеʲôΡ
˶⣬߿϶Ҳ˳еΡǿĽǶ˵Ȼϣһˣ߸ɴһеΣʵϣǲʵġ
ź֮ĹϵǳУ˵˵棬һȷػֹΣ𣬺ŵɶԷڶĹϳˣȴ˼еΣȻǲʵ顣
˵г룬Ҳǲ̫ܵ顣Էһ֮һֱߵúܽԴһ֮仮ֹԺ󣬺ֻʺߵ飬Ǳߵ飬һֱʩΪġʱöԷеΣͬҲǲܵ顣
ǿ˼ǰ˺һԺóһǳȷĴ𰸣Ҫһ˳еεĻʩΪΪʵѡȻԷˣΪΪί˵ɷѿģĿǰ£ʵûбʩΪʵѡˡ
Ҫ뱣ͱ붪䣬ǧǰھܽˣڽ飬зǳҪָ塣
֮ǰǿȥһ£֮ǰٿг칫ΪղŴһ˵ĻУһŵƺʩΪʱ˵һЩʲôȻöԷеˣЩϸһҪȷıɹ
Ļ㱨Ժǿмϲ֮У벻֮ǰʩΪ÷蹤صİȫϢǿĸо˯˸ͷˣѽ
ڿ֮ǰʩΪȻûйǿʹˣԷڿĹйȥʩΪԹԳȥǾ͵ڳϵĹԷϾͷĻǿ׼ڷ쭣ǵðʩΪʵˡ
뷨ǺܲģܶԷĸѡӦ֮ߡ˭֪һȴӰ·ɱһ˵۲ѵɣʩΪ֧ȥˡǿǲˬȴһ㶼ܱ¶ղһʩΪΧĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳչǿӡ£ŶԷڵĻǿɾе˵ȥˡ
ǿ˼Բ֮ʣһĵش˶ԷһԷı֮ʱһᶨ֮ǰǿ֮ԳʩΪôĻһͼ˵ʲôǿͺͷϵʭӣŵ¡
鵽ΪֹδжۣѾıˡǿһǲˬ⵱ʲô
ĿǰǿʩΪվеΡⱾһ˵Ҳ֮õ飬ϾܹеƳеε˲ûйϵҶŻ档
ⱾһԴϲĽ֣ǿıȴ̫һ㣬ͲòһһΪʲôˡһֱһǾ³ǿ˷ҪûһõĻȻ˵ȥġ
һڶԣúʩΪ˾Ƿǳؼˡ֮ǰ˵ʱ䣬ʩΪߵúܽΪδƶˣһ֪ٶġǶȳĻǲǿ֪̽ǿŵǸΪ
⵱Ȼֻһһ뷨ڵĵ֮Ǿˣ˵澿ʵʩҪķչҲǷδȻˡ
ʱ칫ǰһСʱңĳίǳȡ鷢չľ⣬ҪοչЩӶַټϹ棬оǷѾ˺óʱǿ㶨
ոտ꣬ʡרҵԮӵ˱㵽ˣò˵ԷЧʻͦߵģǿҵʹ֮⣬־Ƶĵ绰Ҳһáĸί֣ʡҪġ
ǳԮӵ˵ԺֻǼ򵥵غ͵ط쵼䣬Ͷ뵽ŵľԮȥˡ˽Ժ󣬾ԮӵԬӳҪʮ˵ĴλãȻôھڳһܸͨΪЧؿչԮ
ǿһʱ־ȫϵֳ֮ǰյ˹λáһĻͺðˣԬӳϵ֯ھʩƶѰ
ҵʱһߵͲƽĵ·ˣھΧĶȫɾˣ͵˾ԮӺ侯ٱֵʱˡ
һæµԺǿһõϢ˵ͨ̽Ѿ˱ĹˡϢԺ󣬴ҶһȻж˻ţһԿ϶ûȫû
õϢԺǿһ಻סˣʱָӲֳȥ
˿Ҫ˵ǿһҪŵģǵȻʩΪˣʮ˵ֱӹϵˣȻκ˶Ҫġ˵ͨǿղŵı֣Ѿо˲յĽΣеΣһĻȻΪ


һǧİһʮ ͬ
һҹ̩е쵼ӳԱû˯һֱ賿ʱ򣬾Ԯӵ˲ҵ˵һĽˣһֻˡǵʱСģоԣȥۿҪſˣ¥ȴˡ˵ķӦǷǳģͽ˷Ǵѡ
ܾȳˣеǸȻţʮʮ⣬岻
ǿһϾȻ˾Ԯӵ󡣵֪ղԺ԰һ㡣
ݸղѾȳ˵ʣµʮ˶סһġڼȻ˺ȣζʮ˵Ӧò̫ĵľʮȫĻ㹻úúһˡ
ʩΪıΪֱӸھԮӵĺһɡԮԱ֪ߵλȻǸгʱǸпǵٵ¹ֳʩΪ쵼ɲǵһμ
ʩΪڸɻĹУ׶µĸֽ洫ĺӼŬʩȡͷһ󵨵뷨ʮ˻᲻ȫȻĻҲûʲôõĵˡ
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ʡרҵԮӺ̩侯ٱ֮ͨ£ڰ˵ʱһҵˡ
յĽ̩һ˵ﶼǳġʮ˵УǰȳֻһЩС⣬ˣˣ
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ʩΪһ⻰ԺͶȥ˸мһƳ漴ת˾Ȼڴ˹Уûпǿһۡ
ǿһźǲʩΪǹ𣬵˿ȴ¶֮ǰʩΪ֮䷢ִһؽԷ֧쿪ڵĻǾǵ͵ĺûˡ
ǿһʡרҵԮԺһϳϻ
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˵ķֹǿʡίǳԪ㱨һʡɽ㱨ǿɽĹϵʽĹ㱨밴յֹ죬á
һΪɽڵ绰һݺ䣬Ͼжٿ͹ɣϾ̩г飬Ϊ٣ӦóеӦΡ
һ֮ǣɽ˽ԺֻýĹûġ
Է˵ԺһֵһᣬʡѾûָʾˣԷһټȻҶ˵绰
ԶӦʡ칫ɽҶһĵ绰Ժ󣬳̾һ˿̣ŭ˼㡣ŭ绰ͷһԸղڽӵ绰ʱʲôҲûкͶԷ˵
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Ԫ˵ǿͬ־ɽʡԺĵһ¡ʵ£̩оȻôһΪҪͬ־һҪú÷˼
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һڰ칫ҵǿĵ绰֮ǰ˾˵ˣʡ㱨Ժϵʱٶǲٿίᡣ
̩еһɳίǶǳۣڴ¹ϵش˭Ҳи֮ǰֳ칫Ҫ˵⣬˾ͳˣ͵ˣҶԴ˶׼ġ
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绰ͨԺһǿڵ绰˵һгҶˣͲٿˣͬ־ǺúϢһ£˵ɣ
˵⻰Ժǿһʾ͹Ҷ˵绰
һҶϵ绰Ժ󣬿źɫĵ绰˴ͨǿղŵǸ绰ѿԷ鲻ãܲáⱾûʲôֵģոճô飬Ϊһ֣鵱Ȼãһȴ뷨
ղͶԷֵʱǿмֽ겻˵ľ״̬Ǻܲġʮ˱ֻĽǺܲˣǿӦúһ࣬˵дмҡ
ھղֻ˶̶̵ļʮӣǿ֮ı仯⵱Ȼһľ
һڤ˼֮ʣͻȻƵ״ſڴ˵
ԼʮԺŲűƿ֮ίίгʩΪЦһ˵ͷ
Է⣬һˣֻڽ̬ĸչûп͸ֻǰƨɴ΢̧̧Ȼ󿪿˵ʩгѽ£
ʩΪ⻰Ժһ鲢ôֹۡﲻþȴһҲûб¶ضһ˵г㱨һ£ǼĿǰ
һ⻰Ժ󣬳ʩΪһƣȻ˵Ҳ˽һⷽأ˵Ĺôˣ


һǧİһʮ ϵ
ʩΪһ㱨ֻһڶѣҲԺġ֮ǰȥǿİ칫ҺͶԷͨԺ󣬵뵽Ժı֣еһĺ
ʩΪ䲻ǿѾһӣԷڹ˼ȷԶ׼ġҪ˵һºڹҲˣ¿죬ҪǱڹ붫ɽĻǼǲܵ顣
ίίгǿʵʵ쵼ʩΪʮҲŻ쵽زȻԴС˵֮ǰһ֮ǰԸٳǰѺ͵˶ԶԵġֻҪһ㣬һӦûһȥĻġ
һ칫ȥʱʩΪ֪һĶˡһҪǲţһھͰˡ
ʩΪһȷʵڵȶԷ·̫ͻȻʩΪ·ԺıҲǳջ𣬵ʩΪʱֳ¥Ҳһˡ
ʩΪνûаг칫Ϸֹ÷蹤ز鿴ºҲδڵһʱϵֳ⡣ȴ뽫еζƵͷϣͲòһΪʲôˡ
˾ķ˴ǿĸ־ȫʱ乤һֱֶڸ𡣳ԺǿڵһʱͰʩΪ˳ôעӶתѵڽ谲÷ʱʲôè塣
һó˳µģ漴ֽƷˣԭܼ򵥣ʱһֱڰ÷蹤ϣ˵źͶ˵Ź̽ȣûзɣû͵ϵ
˵ĻһһŵùںĻȴŲɡƲ֮Ĺϵ˵÷˵һҪں˵ˡγгץĵһȻϣץһɼԾиġ
Ȼ¹ʺΪûʲôϵյ¹ԭǶԶӦҲʲô̫Ӱ졣Ȼ˵ĻǿΪʲôҪ˻ذʩΪƳеأ˾ʲôأ
·ԺһԺֵ⡣Ҫҵİ취ǾȥǿȻǲܵ顣˶εĻʩΪһѡڴ֮ǰĹϵǷͬһ㣬ھƺ֮ʣһⷽϢӦòʲô¡
ʩΪһ칫ҳʱ򳤳һͨһСʱĽ˶Է뷨˵ʩΪ񲻸ȷǲһĵʵ뷨£ֻˡ
ص칫ԺʩΪϸĥһ¸ղһ˵Ļа˾ǶԷʵ뷨
ղţ˵Ľʱһ˵˵˲٣Ҳһ仰ϣʩΪεģеӦĺҲܰʲôζϷţȻҲǲʵġ
ʩΪ⻰ʱ򣬴е֪ĸо÷蹤سô飬ҪȫˣһβȻǲܵġʩΪҲǲеΣ˹ˮ·¥Ƶһ㣬ΣҲԸеġ
һֱ°࣬ʩΪû뿪İ칫ңȻҲûŽͬһ㣬˰ͲԶһ㣬˭İ칫أ
ĥãʩΪǰһ⡣˵ѾϱʡյĴʡģ˵СҲشȫ¹ʵı׼ʡﲻֱӲ֣Ϊ
һѾ̬ȣҪľǿ̬ˡҪĻֱӵίǵİ칫ȥˣô޷صϢܵʵ䷴Ч
ʩΪ񾭹һ˼ͰעеϡһʱĽӴ֮ĹϵǺܲġȻ޷ֱǿ뷨̽һʵǲ⡣
ʱĽʩΪҪڵĻʲôҪ׼ƿę́ˡڲȾƵʱǷǳģֻҪ˰͹ܲסˡ
ԺʩΪԥˣóֻһ绰ȥڵ绰ʩΪûԷȾģֻ˵鲻̫ãֵܺȺȾơ죬ú÷һ¡
ʩΪǳĽǳҲͲ׼ҴˡôһĿģǾ̽һ¶ԷԸԣǾζõǿкʩΪҲûҪڷ˼ȥϢˡ
ڴ绰ʱʩΪﻹǺмֽŵģϾ˭ҲԸ⵱һӱһߣοǴȨյ쵼
ûʩΪʧԺԥƬ̣ջǴӦȴʩΪһƧĵط
ԷҪԺʩΪ΢΢һ֮ȴʲôҲûб¶ЦǺǵشӦ
Ҷϵ绰ԺʩΪͿʼʶķˡȻǿ㣬һҪע⣬ΪСǵöԷˣӶԷǴ̽Ϣ뷨Ҳ޷ʵˡ
һ°Ժڿ뿪ʱ򣬼ʩΪĳͣԭأ¶һ˿Ц⡣Ҫ֪Դ³ԺʩΪ׼°ģΨһһ⡣


һǧİٶʮ Ȧ
ΪӵܵĴʼʱ򣬻ڣ¶Ժ󣬾еܲסˡʩΪɲǺͶԷƵصģ׶Էģ˿ʼͶԷԺ󣬾ֻССڵ°ʱȴֻ˶ҡ
ϵѽһݣԺоһĻˡʩΪ˵⻰ʱһ֮顣
ƱʩΪһ£ȻƱһʩΪԺʧ˵ΪϸѽҪ˵ͶԵ˵ܴ󣬵ȴһʡҪ飬ֵһ߲嵶ǣε飬㡣
ʩΪ⻰Ժǲˬģӻǰҵ֣Ļ¾صġ
ǲޣʩΪȴһҲûб¶ܲܶһ٣ǰֻҪһöԷĻ¿ɾһָҲûˡ
ʩΪΪƣ˵ֵܣǲ˵Щɥ֪Ҫа취᲻ϸģȾƣȾƣ
ʩ磬ֵܸ鷳ˣɣˣһȥŸۡǱһȦúһһ˵
ᣬټƽʱʩΪߵúܽεȷʵǶģ˼öԷڹ˼£оʩΪΣ֮ؾͱ¶ˡ
⻰ʩΪĶԺӼᶨҪӶԷͳܵ뷨֪Ļ˵ղǷȻ˵ĻһҪ뷽跨öԷ¿ڡ
һƿԺ¶˲֮УʩΪļ˵ʩѽҲǵùô̯£㡭ˡ
ˣʩΪ͸ˡ˵ڽֵܳѾˣ˵ϢʱǸеһ˿ʧǡ
ʩΪûڣʪëһԼ侲Ȼſ˵ϵܣҲû˵ôذɣ¥ǶģҲǶ鲻λھ˰ɣ
ʩΪԸˣǾǵ͵¿ƢԽǶԽΪ֤ԼĻȷģ͵ðǿĻǡǡʩΪ˽Ķ
ʩ磬֪ѽ鱾˵ȷʵ󣬵ӲҪµĻǾ͹úúһˡŪ
ʩΪ⻰Ժ΢΢һĻееָ˭˵塣
ʩΪʣ˵ʩѽʱ㲻Ƕܣ°Ժֳһ˵Щ˿ôأĻᣬ˼ôܷŹأ
ʩΪ⻰ԺһһֱҲľڿе͹Էˡ
˺ȵΪֹʩΪźңȴ¶ˣ£Ȼһ
ʩΪﰵҪ֮ǰȺгͨ˵Сӵĵٺȵ㣬ͳʲôмֵϢ
ԺʩΪ˳ִһƿҺΪıƣһϿҵ˵ϵܣ˭øء
ʩ磬ƽʱͦһˣôô򵥵飬㶼أһ˵һֵߺȱ˵
ʩΪ⻰Ժ󣬰ͲˣæƱ˵ãֵܣ羴㣬Ǹһơ
ʩΪദһֱڽΪƵĵλȻίǵֶӣԷȴʵʵڵĸɲǳΪίίѵüʱ֮ǰӽĻȥˡ
ԴӰ÷蹤صԺ־ȫϽӴ̩еȦˣرʩΪǰӵʩΪԺ󣬱㽫¸ϰ֡־ȫ䲻Ҫİš
ڶһ磬־ȫͰеķ䣬ؽһϰ֣ҪҪͶԷϵʱ־ȫ˵ãֻҪڼȾˣʩΪһϵġ
νӵʩΪĵ绰ԺһڴӦͬʱϰֵԤͶءղžܺ˲ٵľƣǰϰֽμʩΪµʱػش
ָȥԺǶˣ˵֮ǰ࣬۹Ҳе㶣һԲõļơ
ʩΪûˣŴӰ̵ĵڣŪһȻһ̸֧ϻԺһϵ˵ϵܣҾղ˵ĺеڿҪƽµĻֻǳˣֵڷʱ򣬰ϸ˵ûл˰
⻰Ժ¶һΪѵı飬Ժͷ쵽ʩΪĶߣ˵ʩ磬Ҹղžͺ˵ˣҪĻһæʵǰĪ
ֵܣ͵ϸˣζðæϸҿˡʩΪ״
ʩ磬ֵܵķϣҸܣҵĶžֻҰһ˵𣿡ص
ʩΪ⻰Ժֿ˻ѾĻҪõĶۿҪʵˡǿѹסͷ˷֮飬װһӣʵϵܣǲǺȶˣ˳˲ģģѵеˣ


һǧİٶʮһ ԭί
ʩΪĻԺ¶һ˿֮飬صʩ磬֪ˣ𿴼ǸţòУʵֻСɶѣˡ
˵ԺһãȻ˵˵ȫǸ飬һºԺ𣿡
ôһ˵ʩΪӼᶨ˰ˮʯľġµ˶˾ĴɶöԷ׿˵ԣǿһôҲûС
⣬ʩΪͶ˵ϵѽ⻰˵Ҳеʵ벻˭֮ϣǺֵƵģѵ˵Էͷǿǻⲻ̫ܰɣ
ʩΪڶԷ˲پƵ£Ҫ˵ＤĻûϷ
ʩΪһΪȻı飬ŶԷ֣ѹ˵ڴ֮ǰǺһģһִģҵĳ֣;
ʩΪ⻰Ժаϲϵıȴ֮ǰ죬װ˵Ŷԭѽô˵ǿǻǸˣٳ̳ܾͨѧϰİ
ǺǣǵȻЦ˵Ұ˵ҪûжĻûжŵĽ죬Ҳڶµġ
˵ʩΪ˵Ѿ㹻ˡΪ˷ֹԷҪľʩΪΪԷһƣЦ˵ϵܣȡ
ʩΪԾƵ֮ʣǿ־ȫ鷿˵ӡ
ǿղ˵İ죬Ӧû°ɣ־ȫһڶĶܣСʵ
һֱǿ־ȫĹǣԷ;ƽԺָоԡ¶壬־ȫγҲλܣ
ڹûˣڹ̿ʼ֮ǰҾ㲻ҪͺŽϾ˼ҲǵʵԼܲǿǲ˵һһҶںҪӲţڳ˰ɣ
־ȫ⻰Ժ󣬺ǲΪȻﰵʱ֮ǰҿѯģ㵱ʱʲôҲû˵ֻСһ㣬ڳˣȴһǻˣߣ
־ȫǲȴһûб¶һǿ˵ܣʱ˵Щʲôأҵ˼ʩǲǿʣ⵱л᲻ʲô⡣ҪʵڲеĻӦ£ֻҪȷû¾ˡ
־ȫ⻰ںǿû˱ǿζʲôݽȥû£ֻҪܲڣҾ;塣
ǿԹ䣬Ѿ˵ˣҪٽ˵Ļǿɾе㲻صˡ̧ͷ˴һԺǿɵ磬û£İɣһأ
ǿǳԽǵؼʱ̣ԽҪסĻûףһָʲôأ
˵ղ˵ģվеǿûһĻȻ鶫ľϡΪڵһԱǿڹһˡ֮ǰ˴ĹʹͶ˹ϵֻҪ飬һжͽ͵ġ
ǿ֮ƶΪһһڡҲǰѣ鱬ԷһԹ۵ģƫƫְܷΧڵ飬ίǣҲùָ棬һĻȨɾȫڶԷˡ
ǿҲ뿴ĽĲ˵һȻᣬȴ൱ǿģټ¬ҵĹϵԷĵҪ嶫Ĺϵǻ練ơ
òƷǳǿңʡɽһĸֵܣȴ޷ҵ
ع֮ʱүнڣڷ;֮ǰͷϾϵΪྩصʡһңȻүӣǱߵѾȫ˽ˣҲ˵ҵ˶֪ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻʱȻΪȥɽæˣֵܣҲǲеġ
ôΥүʱµĹأɽ֪Ϣⲻпܾʹ֡
һϵ棬ǿȻ־ȫվеεģĻԽϵˡ
־ȫ֪ǿ˿뷨ΪԷ˼ֵ֮ŲеεģǸжǿ˵ѽָһʱͿҪͺŽϾڳ£˭֪ЩרǵĽξͻô׼أҲͳ˹滮ʮ׶ѣȻͳˣǵù
磬ʱ˵ЩʲôأѾˣֻ뷽跨ֲ˵ѵʲôģȰƽܽ᲻١ǿ˵
־ȫ⻰Ժ룬֣صص˵ͷ
ˣ磬Сȥóʱˣôûǿ͵ʵ
־ȫ⻰Ժ͵һ̧˿˵ѽСʱˣСôûϢ绰ʡ
˵⻰Ժǿæֻҵӵĺ˷ͼ


һǧİٶʮ ʾ
绰˺öԺ󣬶˽ߴһŮĺʱ˽Ժٲ־ȫüͷɵ
ǿæʵôˣϵϣ
־ȫһƵص˵ͷһ䣬Сӣʱ˼Ժ֣Ժ󣬿Ӳȡ
ǿ⻰ǹ˵ģҪƣֶزҪĻǿҲ͹ȥˣε¹شɹ˲ϸˡ
磬ٴһ鿴ʱһҪССģñ˶Է֪µĻǿɾ鷳ˡǿһ˵
־ȫ⻰Ժ΢΢һ漴˶Է˼˵ͷһزͷһ
ʱʩΪѾܵһǼݵķڴԺ󣬸׼̧뿪ֻͻȻںģӶԷ¶ͳֻһĺ룬־ȫˣʩΪ㶯˼һԺ׼ԷѾˡ
˵Ѿһ֮ĬˣʩΪȴģϾǿվŵɽǿһʡ֮˳أԺ˼ҲҸʲôͷҪÿϰ岢δȫġ
ֻٴʱʩΪѾˣ绰Ҫǿʾ⣬Ҳͨ־ȫģԷ˵ֵܣ¹ϵ̫ʩΪе㲻λϰ塣
绰˽־ȫüͷҪ˵֮ǰǵĶȥˣǿղôһ˵е㵣Ͳ͵ģʩΪԼúܼһʱҲѡֻȥˡﲻˡ
ǿϵı鲻ԣµ뷨룬¶óֻĺ롣ЩһֱɶӰ㿴Է˵ҲϣԷ£ڹϡ
־ȫε绰޹ǿҪٴһ飬ҪΪٲĵ绰ӡУƺûйͨʱ򡣾ܴܽͨ󣬵ǿԾһԡ
ʩΪߵſڵʱͻȻĵ绰ٴ룬˻ֻĻʾġ塱֮ʱʩΪе㲻ˣ绰ϰģֵһأ־ȫĺûзӦˡ
ʩΪԥƬ̣˽
ǿߴιһʱʶѿڶСĶأôڻִ绰Ҳӣ
ǣ˼ңʩΪ񡣡ʩΪڵ绰ͷһ˵һأȸˣҪʲôҰת档
㣬ʩΪ񣿡ǿСʵ
ȶԷشǿֽ˵ΪгһأǾͺãǼôûؼе㲻ģԾʹ绰ʡˣĶأֹȥ
ŶڳǱĶأǣ㿴ҪҪҰͻʩΪڵ绰ͷ˵
ǿ⻰Ժ룬˵ˣ鷳չһֹȥ
ãǣҰ£ġʩΪָ˵
ǿհѵ绰Ҷϣ־ȫһŵʵܣôڶԷûʲôҪ󣿡
ǿĻͲһŭ˵˵ʲôأӺˣ˼Һİڱ￪һ䣬ô͸ú˼Ұһҵ٣
־ȫ⻰Ժϲɵ¶һڨڨ֮С˵϶Ļ˵еȴһ㲻ղ鼱֮˵Ǿ仰ҪǱĻǿҪġ
еŵԺ־ȫҲ˲ˣ˵ֵܣǸϴ֣Ȼֶû£Ҿͷˡ㿴ô죬ô˵Ҿôȥզզˡ
ǿ⻰ԺҲеҲסˣ⽫üͷ˵磬¸еϻʲô˵òԵģ⡣
ֵܣһ˲˵һ˼֪İɣû¡־ȫοԷҶȻ࣬Ҳ֪һǾֵģϽֻҪЭ⿲һ˳߹ȥġ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬺Ǹжڴֱ£ĵ˵˵úãֵģܶϽ𡣡
־ȫһжǿһ𣬻ҡҡ
磬ѾˣСڳǱĶأʩгǶչأ㵽ǶԺ󣬴Էʾһ¸лҪһĻ˵岻̫˯ˣ¸˵ǿС
־ȫѶܵĻڿĬһȻ˵ͷʾˡ
ǿЦԷ˵ͷȻֱ£˵ֵģϽ𣡡
־ȫȥԺǿɫʱڶȥʩΪĵ׺Ǻڣ뵽̸ֶ˼ҵĶ֣ͷĽ͵ʴס
ǿ֮Զ粻ʩΪΪʱԷǲֶﶼЩϢѾԺ󣬺úʣȷһô죡
뵽Ժǿɳϳһоǰδеۣмֿ־壬֪ʲôʱǸͷ


һǧİٶʮ ҩ
һԺ磬һڰ칫ļͻȻƵһ̧ͷ˵
ŽԺ漴Źؽ첽ߵһǰ˵ϰ壬鳤ķ˵æִҪ㣡
һ⻰ʱ򣬲δϣ۾ԶϵļϣȶԷ˵Ժ̧ͷһɻؿŶԷ
¼״ѹ˵鳤ķˣʲô£Ҳ˵ֻ˵Ҫ̸̸ǹڸ鳤ġ
һ⻰Ժɫһ֪߷˺«ʲôҩ˵߳ɽܵ飬ԷҵͷϾڸĳ˳֮ǰѾĻͥˣʲôĻҲӦȥǴ˲Ŷԡ
һȻɵΪ߳ɽܻؼûЩӣǾԲܵģС÷ĶƤֻһ⣬֮ǰûǷ֮ʲô⡣߳ɽȻƮƮк첻ʱΪе˲ˡ
һͷˮһǾüһԷô˵˼ѾˣҪǱܶĻҪǴȥɲʲô£һ棬һԸ߳ɽӵҲǺ档
ԺһͶ˵ɣˣôƺ
˵֮ǰ͸߳ɽܹϵͥһȴԲŻдһʡ
ϰʻԺ鳤ķ˽꣬ҩֹ
Ϊ飬¶̩쵼ļָͥƣҲΪһϸ飬߱Ļʡ
⻰Ժһµ˵ͷ˳ֽһļˡȻӦԷˣûбҪװǻƵˣһɷŮˣޱҪʲôĿġ
³ȥһᣬֽˣһСŮʿȥʮͷ˵ƯǸ
ߵһǰ󷽵˵гãҩֵ꣬˼ˣ
ȻһԲȶԷѯʣԱˡ
һ˶ԷĻվһƣͬʱ˵ŮʿؿҺͳɽܲҲʶˣ
һлԺ󣬾һ
°һԺ󣬱ת뿪ˣߵſڵʱԥһջǾֱ˳ȥûйšϰһҪ˵Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ûйšſڣ˲ܹģԲ͵
Ժ󣬳һ˵гˣɽ뿪֮ǰ˵ֵε˱гˣѵʱұ뵽
һ⻰ԺʶüͷǰŮ˲ڻģƤӹƲ߳ɽǲ˵⻰̸ʱ뵽⻰ڣԿŮ˲򵥡
һǺһЦȻ˵Ůʿлֱ˵Һͳɽ֮ܲ佻һġ
һֱһмںŮ˶Ƥӣǵ¶֣ʱҲûϺͶԷȴòһ£˸ʲô۶
⻰Ժϵıһ˵гȷʵǳɽòԣҲȰ˵ֻǡҪȰĻ˵³ˡ
˵ģһȴ⡣⻰һһɫһǲõ˵ŮʿЩ˵Щɲ˵˵԰ɣˣ
⻰Ժʶղǻ⣬кܴ⡣ɷΪվǿǱȥų£ղǻһ˼ѹֶԷᲪȻɫ龰ԺԼӿڳ
гˣҲǸ˼æǸ
һûпڣֻǳ˰֣ʾҪϼˣֱ˵¡
һ֮ͬ꣬ΪʶΪʲôѣܰһѾͰһѵͷųֵġڼԷƺĿģͲȥˣ¡
꿴һıԺһ䣬޲óԼһ⣬»û˵أȵ˶ԷҪ˼ֲܣɾ鷳ˡ
뵽Ժ㲻ٿˣЯĵɫóһƿҩվŵһĸǰһ˵гȿҪ˵ⶫйϵ
Ŷһùֻǩҩƿ̧һֻҩƿϾȫӢģ΢΢һҩǴڵġ
ɨԺһϵɻ֮ˣ⾹һƿ׳ҩҩƿһţۿ꣬ȶԷһʵĽ͡
꿴һıԺʶԷǶӢĵģ⵹ʡȥҩЧˡ˵һ֮಻СŶԷ˵ǾúΡ
겻һڣ͵гҩɽԹƿʣ÷Ƕġ
ŶһŶһ㲢ûˣԷô˵ҩ߳ɽǲǳԹó˵ʲôأ
龰Ųæشóһֽһ˵гٿ
ò˵һпƹŪĶȤֽӹֽƬĶ


һǧİٶʮ ҩ
һǷݼԺضȦӵĿˣҩƷдţͼҩ溬ʹ˥ߵĳɷ֣൱ݼԺҩģȻǰƿΪԭ׳ҩˡ
һͷǳˣ߳ɽǳҩԺ󣬺÷µʱ⣬Եľҩڡݹƿҩȷʵף߳ɽֻʮ塢꣬ûಡʷ˵µʱ򣬾Բܳġ
һ׶Է˼ˣ滹һЩĵطһۣʵŮʿɽܲ˿жʱˣô͵ƿҩģ
һ׳⣬ǵʲô˵ָʹĻܶԷʲôĿģġٳһ²һ£Ǹ߳ɽӰ޴󣬲ж۵顣
⻰Ժ΢΢죬һԺ˫Ŀʹ˵гʵϸڼҲԹҩʱͲ⣬Ժұһۣõλ˻飬͵óеۡ
һ⻰ԺҲмΣ˼ҷ֮˽ܣһŮ˵ȷʵеǿѡϵı鲻װģټͱһûвŵɡ
Ůʿ˵Щģôϸߵʲôأһżɽʵ
ȷһɻ󣬾߳ɽܵҩͷǳĹϵأ˹ţѲɻȥ׷ҩҵΣڳ˵Ρ
һ⻰Ժһô˵óЩٴǰλгˣԣٺòϢ
ǿԼ侲Ȼ󿪿˵гҪ֪ҩôģܾͲô˵ˡ
Ŷһһ飬ĪҩһǶԷԼԭڡ룬˵Ůʿ˵
гӦûǵãǰٿһγίϣ˹ڸг볣⣬󲻾ãʩгͳ˳ίƽ˵
һ⻰ԺԺֳϴοίǴλϣ߳ɽ󵹸꣬ȷرʾ֧ǿӶʹʩΪ볣
뵽Ժ˵ͷ
ǴλԺĵڶϣһ˾͵ǼȥˣһѶоƿҩһĵ
һ⻰Ժϵıһͣ漴ͱιȥˣֻ۾ؿŶԷ
꿴һıԺ֪Է˵ȥԥԺ˵ϵҼȥˣһʩгһǶŵܾ
־ȫһ⻰Ժѿڶ
ǣ־ȫǶŵĶ³ܾ
һ΢΢һ治Ƕŵܾ벻־ȫӵǿС
˵⻰Ժ󣬱㲻ٿˣϵĲ豭ССڵɷ֮ǰӲȲ裬ʱȴϲԴɬƷоʲô϶Ҫ
꽫ݼڰѾöˣһֱԥҪҪ±ҪĻָ˭
ɷһַʽ뿪κһŮ˵ǳصĴԥǲбҪԷҩյõ֤ʵҲ˵ʲôǸ
꾭ȨԺ󣬾Ҫ˵յĽΣҪ֪ࡣ˵ǲҪΪ³еΣǾͲҪĵˡ
ȻҪ鱬꽫̩Ժһ飬Ȼڳίġʮ棬Ҫ̸˽Ļ߳ɽʱ򣬺֯ĹϵΪ׽
Ƕȳ뵽ľǼ࣬ǣʩΪһίίһίǵֶպĶŵܾеκһԵĻҪմһƣһԶĻʤɾ΢΢ˡ
꾭һϸվһԭܼ򵥣ڵλʱ򣬾λгͦģɷʱҲĵʱ˵һˣҲͦߵġ
һϾþõûж濼顣Ļ⣬ôҲ벻¾ȻǣʩΪԷȻ˵;ûſڴƻƵĵ
Ļûκ洦䴦ڼΪľ棬ܸ쵼֪ҵܣǿҪеεģǰ鳤ҲС
һ˼Ժһ¶ԣһᡣʱ䣬ʡϵ̩鰲÷蹤¥飬ڴ˹У־ȫ̬ȷǳϵĹҶЩ˵⳥Ҳȫλ˵ĸо뾡¡
ܴӼٹ˾ӰĽǶ˵־ȫܽ͵ͨģһܸоӦʲôá֮뷨Ϊ־ǵõϢڵ֮ǰǿȥʡһЩ
һƺԤʾֵʲôʲôһȴס˵£ԣһУԽˮоʲôè塣


һǧİٶʮ ȥ
Ժһ˵Ůʿղ˵ֻ˽˵˵ǵûʲôҪóȥ˵µĻǿտ˵׻ǲеģ˵ǰɣ
겻ɵӣȻһ⻰Ǳ̨׼ˣԣȻٺòϢˡ˼һᣬ˵ڳɽ֮ܳǰԼһеʱ䣬ͻȻڼﰲװһأҸղ˵Щǡɶ̽ͷ
һ⻰Ժ󣬺㶣벻߳ɽܾȻһ֡ڲ˵ͷһ֮ǰװģ֮ǰһֱڡ
ȷǽʱװģǾֵעˣǶʱ䣬ǡǸ߳ɽܸĻ֮ͥʱǲζΪоһʲôԲŻСĵġ
ͷһԺһ֪ǲҵ𰸵ģ˵δ߳ɽܾڷʲô
ȻоݵĻǾûʲôˡһ˵ֻҵǾûҪ̫żڳɽ鳤Ѿȥһʱˣ͵£ƺʲôĿƵģŮʿأ
⻰Ժһһô˵ĿĺڣȻѡҶԷȻ͵˼ҵģĻܸΪ鷳
гֻһ˼ң¾δһҲûУԲ̵ģô˵ôû˵
ŮʿŵùңǾٺûˡһһ˵Ĳ˵ٱ֤Ὣչڴǰ
⻰ԺǸжվ˵г治֪θлˣֻҪģ°ʲôҶϸʾĸл
һ⻰Ժæ˵ɩӣˣҺͳɽҲ㹲һ̷꣬Ӧģİɣûµġ
⻰ԺվһؾһȻ˵гЩǽ㣬ǣ
ȷţĹջҪȥģʱһ֪ͨġһ˵
ͣƬ̣һ͵ʲôƵģ˵ɩӣղŸҿǸǾģҾҪ˵Ļȥʡҩһأ
⻰Ժ󣬵˵ͷ
Ű칫ҵŽˣһվһ֧̣ϰԵȥһ˼⣬ߵߣվø߿ԶԵʣվλã˼·ǻر
һʩΪǻжȹģԴƣǿ绰ԺһֱŶԷһôˣȴһ㶯ҲûУʩΪеܲ
ʡ¹ʵʱƺܴʩΪ̽һµ̩ٳϺϹӡ죬ûлϢ;ԴǿڳίԺ󣬾Ҳû硣
֮ǰʩΪ˴׼ȴһǳҪĻڣǾϢǿ
һ£ȥʩΪĵ׵ģղûκмֵԷֱӹ෭ˡٰѽͶŵĹϵʩΪ˵ǿɱĶˡ
ʩΪǧ㣬ǰϸڸ©ˡһ˼ԺȥǿȻԷװƣ͵ˡ˵Ҳ֤ˣһ˭Ըأ
ԴϴǿڳίϴԺʩΪûȥԷİ칫ҡȥ֮ǰҪҪǰ绰ϣʩΪãջǾ绰ֱӹȥ
ʩΪԤУҪȴ绰ĻǶԷʮа˾ŲĻɾͽˣֱȥԷ벻ҲС
ԺʩΪλھ¥ǰ칫ȥ֮ǰѾˣǿڰ칫أ
ӵݿڳԺʩΪٵǿİ칫ȥ˾һ£ߵĻǰ졣
ߵ칫ſڵʱʩΪȥһ£ͷкöԷͨһ£뻹ˡʱҪǶԷǲڻǽͣɾԶˡ
뵽ԺʩΪֱ̧ǰίǰ칫ȥ
ǰͻȻкʩгʩгһ£һ£
ʩΪıֱ߹ȥǿڷѾˣҪװǵĻǶԷпܾʹ׷ˡʱһ󺰣һڰ칫Ҳһˡ
ʶԺʩΪֻͣסŲٻͷİ칫ȥ
ʩΪˣɵóһʱ䣬ϰȷˣ˶ԼΨʩΪ񣬲ܶԷʲôڣղҪöԷȥˣǰ׼ˣϰʱĻشܲĻǲΪ
֪ϰʩΪ񲻸ðԷ߽ŵʱ򣬷ǿͿ˵ʩгã£
ѽеǻ㱨һ¡ʩΪش
ʩΪ֪ǿǰ˵ϻģ֮ǰǰ˵ûʱ򣬶ԶԷǺܿģʧˣ̬ȸҪѺһˡ
⻰Ժ˵ʩгǲ˼һҪʡȥ㿴ǲǸٹ
ʩΪ⻰Ժ󣬲ɵüͷ֮ǰϵһûǲˬǿ˵Σܲ鷳ȥͨһ£ֻҪӵʱͿˡ
ʩгҲϰĸԣ⽻ģͲҪȵΪˡһΪѵ˵
ܴʱʩΪѾʧˣϾ̩еίίгԷҲҵ֮䣬ǱȽϿġ


һǧİٶʮ 
ʩΪ⻰Ժ󣬷ŭ˼㣬Ҫǹ˼Էվǿͷˡô˵ҲίίгʲôʱֵҪһСɫˡ
ܷ⣬̬ⷬпܾǿ˼ʩΪǰŷ˵飬ģҾΪѵģҾȣʲôʱԼ߹ȥ˵ҪǾҲеĻҾվȥ
⻰Ժ󣬵Ȼ֪ʩΪеķŭʱȴϾ˼Щϰ֮ǰĻ˵úöԷ
˵֪ʩΪȴ˳ŶԷĻ˵ʩгҪʵҪȵĻֻ鷳ƲˣҪȥ㼱£ʵڶԲѽ
˵⻰ԺﰵҰѻѾ˵ˣҪԸվϵȣֻˡĻ㵽ʱϰҲлأʵڲҲ˼ˣҲûа취
ʩΪ⻰Ժ󣬲ûѶӸըˣζ벻ȻҪȥһ˲䣬ʩΪԼɵһ˼˲ȴӲҪ˼ҵƨǷ顣
뵽ԺʩΪһվŷ˵ããշģٻģҼ٣ļƷҵǵһμϰżߣҾͲˣ鷳һڵġ
⻰Ժ󣬷͵һ벻ʩΪȻ᷽˵⻰ɵɵڵһӲ֪λشźá
ʩΪŷ˵飬˵ĻҶˣλµĻ㽫еΡ
˵⻰ԺʩΪվسȥˣߵſڵʱһ
ǿڰ칫ֻصһ죬ʶüͷ˵칫ǽڵĸЧʩΪǿ֪ġȻ벻ǣԷ뿪ʱȻ˵һϡ
ʱ䣬ǿҲܲû˱Լˡڵöչʹڸʡͦõġ˵ǱߵľܲǶķ֮ؾʲôյġ
ǿûкҩģȻˣԹҲκ⣬ǵȥӦԡһڵæµķչֹͦ۵ģҵһоյĸо
͵ؼʩΪ۵ı֣ǿеסˡԷˤȻ칫ҵţġʩΪ񾿾ŭյʧȥˣ޿ֵȨǿе㲻̫ȷ
һֱǿܲϲ޷ƿصĸо㲦˷ĵ绰ѶԷйʸ
ʩΪʱŭ˼㣬ȴûʧȥǡǿ֮ôǰȥе¹ʵΣһû˻ע⵽ˣĻȻҲͲᱩ¶ˡ
ԺʩΪʩΪһɵƣ˼ҶѾˣȴźǳ˵ΡѾģȻ㲻һҲҪù˾ưɣڷѾⲽˣ˲ñȲĺأǻʲôԥأ
ڸ᲻µʱԥӶŴ»СС»ˣһѾȫ·ˣҲûôˡ
ʩΪ˿̱ˣӷİ칫ˤųԺĵҪͶԷƴһˣʱﷴˡ
ʩΪû¥Լİ칫ңǾֱг칫ȥ
֮ǰʩΪСģΪ֪ʱ̩еĹؼʱڣ¶Χע⡣ڰ칫кʩΪʱ¾֪ôˡûԥڵһʱ䣬ϰ˻㱨
һ󣬲û˵ʲôֻüͷȴԵؽ
´ϸ΢Ķϰڴ»Ƿǳĵģתżȥ˽ȥˡ
ʩΪûֱȥһİ칫ңȽµİ칫ҡǵһͬλһԱŸǾøղǱߵĶˣͨһг˵ĵס
˵֮ǰѾĳЩ˹ʶôȥˣ޶˭֪˼һǲ֮ǰټϸոշ£ûˡ
¼ʩΪûиɫȻֻһ飬Ҳ֪ڹٳɻľˡʩΪǱ˱ڣתͷܵˣ˵ϰ壬¶е㿴
ܸоϵı鲻ԣʩΪǵǰ׽ȷʵòصܹ˼Ҹɫ
ʩΪҪгҪԺ˵ʩггĹճѾˣҹȥʣǲʱ㣬ǿɲ˵
ʩΪȻóǹӣԼȣҲö˵ʲôֻǳ˵鷳ˣгҪûʱĻʵڲеĻϣ춼û⡣
⻰Ժﰵһʵȥˡܿ϶Է»ǿسʩΪ˵ͷȻ̧һİ칫ȥ
һµĻԺ룬˵еҪһ£ȰСʱԺ
⻰Ժ󣬹˵һõģתȥˡ
һʩΪ֮ʱһѾ˾ˡҪǱܶĻԷ˵ֻתͷˣ̾ͼĻԷпܶӣԾ͸СʱԺٽ
µĻԺʩΪһŵǷȻ̧ͷĴһϵָ룬ʱ䡣


һǧİٶʮ ȥɢɢ
ʩΪһ칫Ժ󣬱㽫ղȥǿǶ˵˳Ȼ˵úܼ򵥣Ҫ˼ȴǷǳġ
һ⻰Ժ󣬲ûж˵ʲô֮ǰһʩΪѾǿѵ׼ˣ˵¡
Ϊͬ־ҲҪ̫ȥ೤Ĺæൣһ˵ߵһ֧̹ȥ
ʩΪӹ̣վԶһϻ̬̬ȣʵվˡ
һûκαʾҪǻĻί̶ȣһЦӭˣʩΪǳ⣬ڶԷûóʵʵڵĸɻ֮ǰǲκαʾġ
ʩΪҲʶ㣬˰֧ԺӶһ˵гǰ죬ҺͶŵһԷ˵һϢ֪˵Ǽ٣гŰѰѹء
˵ʩΪ׼õģҪã
Ŷʩгѽһ˵
ʩΪҲ˶ԷлһһϿҵ˵гҵҲǲѶΪ֮ѽ
˵Ժͣ٣˵ˣ˼һǲˣⲻղŶûˣҲãҾˡ
ʩΪȥʵȴĿģŴ˾һˡֻȡöԷΣĻźóڡ
ʩΪԷûпڣóֻͷŪһԺ㴫ʩΪĶԻ
ֻ¼Ժһ׸ղʩΪȥǿԭˡյͶԷ̸Уһֻǿȴûһŭ֮£㽫ⶫõˡ
һŲ豭з˫ۣ͸ˮʩΪ񡣴ӶԷղŵĻУԿóԷ˵ѡȻ˵Ļǿô䲻أ
˼ãһҲ޷⿪ʣΪƾʩΪеԳ䵱Է̸еˣǿȴǣˡ
ܸ㲻Է«ʲôҩһǾԣǺмֵģƾԵһ仰Ȼ˵ġ
ԺһʩΪ˵Ϊг˵Ǳߵķ羰ʱϵ鲻࣬ÿȥǱɢɢ
ʩΪ⻰Ժһ㶣漴׶Է˼ˣæлгģʱҸо岻뼸٣ȥྩúüһأ
һʩΪԼ˼ˣ㰲ˣװɷнµ˵ΪгǸıǮһҪѽɣµļڣⶼˣٻϰ಻١
ʩΪ⻰Ժص˵ͷ
һԺ˵ΪгҼǵǰ칫ֵФ˵׼ȥԺϵһ£һȥԱ˴֮иչˣ˵ǰɣ
ʩΪ⻰Ժæ˵ллгģһͺФֳϵ
һ֮İţԭһͻǧʩΪǰĻȫ޷ϣ鵽ʲô˿ʩΪ᲻֮ǰһȥĳĻɾͰ׵󹦷ˡ
ʩΪ뿪Ժһ绰Ф˹ȥ漰ǿһñ֪ԶФһ˸
ܳʲôĿģһгԶʡίϢǴ뵽ľ֡ı
ФԴ˵Ȼκ漴һѯʾô¡
̫ӣڵ绰˵һֻǼ򵥵˵һţФʩΪ绰ȥֻҪشˡ˵⻰ԺһֺФԼãپ˵¡
һµ绰Ժϸ˼һ绰¬˹ȥ¹ϵشк
¬һĻԺһԺ˵һĿǰʡҲ֪˵־ҲˣҲֻǿ·硣̩辶ĻǵȻǺãҪǣǧҪע׼ˣһеĻӦĵжء
һ⻰Ժһ¬˵֮ǰѾ俼ˡŵöôΣǿǱ߳õϢԷȻµжأʱһġ¬ղ˵ģһеĻöԷɾΣˡ
¬壬֪µķգһ볢һ¡һһ˵ƲĲ˵ҲΪдȥĹֵֻع
ΪǿĹϵԲǧӸܵȻҲͲ¹ˡǶ˵һô˵ûˡ֪¹ʻͶ޸Ľ¥صйصĻǸǲŹ˵ġ
УȻˣ¬־Ƹ綼֧㣬СӣӰѾ忴Ӵ¬ĵ˵
һ¬֮ô˵ǲʲôѹɵصһټҶ˵绰
˵뿪Ժ󣬾͵ȥˣһֱղŲ뿪ǿŷһˬʵ
ϰ粻ı飬Сص˵ͷ
ղŹΪʲôһ㱨һǿʶе㲻ԣ
⻰Ժ¶һҪ޵ı飬ﰵ֮ǰ⽻ģʱ˭ԼΨʩΪôҵĹˣ
ίȴΪԼ磬С˵ϰ壬ҿǲܣ
ǿ⻰Ժ󣬳ŷ˻֣ɫص˵ˣȳȥɣ
׼̧뿪ǿ˵ڿʼ˭Ҳ˹ҵˡ
⻰Ժæ˵ͷ


һǧİٶʮ Ķ࣬
Ҫ˵ǿ֮ǰʤȯյĻҲţΪʩΪĸˣ˵̨ɽĻǶԷĺ̨Ϳɽһ££¶Էʲô
ʩΪ˦Ŷȥһ˲䣬ǿȴоһ˿֮С˵Է칫ͲôƢʩΪǡǡֳǿƵһ棬Ҵİ칫ҳȥԺȥһǱߡ
˵³ʩΪı֣ǿеɻڰ칫һ˼ԺǿʶĻһֶϡ˵֮ǰʩΪҲйӴĲ˵Ǹеģ赣ġ
ǲֶǿһӺߡҲоˣڳĻʮа˾žƵϡ
ֲõʱʩΪӵ绰ʱһ޿ֵӣʱѾסĳЩôûжȻԼȥġûԤƵķչˣ˭֪ſȴ˼ݣʱͰ಻סˣֱȥ˶λİ칫ҡ
һ֮ǿӾķеģĻǰһĻ޷ˡ
뵽ԺǿֱǰһʩΪıյĶһֵģֵǿơ
ǿ޺޵绰˹ȥ绰ͨԺȻ󣬵ǿ
뵽ֶܼǳһѵ鲻˵ʱȻ˼Ѱ֣ǿͷˣ绰ŭ˵ʮʱ䣬ؼҵңʱҪǲ˵ĻҾͰƤ
˵ԺǿһҲٺͶԷϻֱ۵һҶ˵绰
˿һͼѺԺȣĻԺĶа㵡վȥ
ǸŵɫȹŮ״æվ˵٣ôȥĶأҺһȥѽ
״ְŮһƣŭ˵һȥ
Ů״æɳȥҲҿڡǲˬְ첽ȥ˼״֪ʲô顣
Ժ֪ʲô顣ӡУҪȻȴûзôĻʵ벻ʲô飬˺һ󶼺ջ
ǿ°ĵ뿪칫ҵģҪ±һͻؼˡڲʩΪ񵽵׺ͶԷ˵ʲôûףڶԷǰ¶ӣһֱȵʱ䵽˲뿪
ҺǿСɳϵأŭƽϢһ㣬˵ҽ˵⻰Ժǿ̧鷿ȥ
Ժһһо̬ء鷿̸飬һȥĻ;СˡһٶʮԸ⣬ǸڶԷ鷿ȥ
ֶ鷿Լʮң鷿㴫һһֵؿǿôҲ벻һֱ۰ղžȻݺݵһǶ⡣վڵ֪ôźá
ǿһۣŭжԶ͸ӹԶԶҪ㣬²ĶϹˣȻȥ˼ҵĻ˼Ұˣ㻹Ǯأ
ǿǷŭ˼㣬̳ϣ;Уɵ٣ɵƳԼֶģǵһμȻԼͶ֮ĹϵʩΪ񣬸Ϊɺ޵ǣϴεڶ֮󣬾ȻԴֲֻᣬʹ˴δйı֮С
䲻ôԭ򣬵ʱҪǻĻ˰ôġ
뵽Ժվ鷿
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ǿڶĴ磬һ֮У˵磬⺢Ǳ軵ˣҪǼȥĻϵĻҲĶ࣬١
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ѽҲҵĵĵطǿһǵ˵ֻΪǿˣֻҪȰʩ£ʱ˵ʲôҲνˡ
־ȫֵ⻰Ȼ˵ɣҪ˳ʵֵĻǿɲһѡԺ˵㿴ǲȴ̽һ¶Է٣Ȼ滹ûصء
ǿ⻰Ժϸ˼һȻ˵ҿ¿ԲҽɣҴӲһ£ҪԵĻҾֱӸϵʡȥˡߣͶˣʱĶҪȥ͸ټţҪ̽ȥ
ǿǸ쳣۰ѻ˵һ㣬öԷΪȻ
ǿĻԺ־ȫһ˵У֪ˣھͳȥС˵ģǵġ
־ȫ뿪Ժǿֺú˼һһ֣ⶼһһսȻܵġǿԽԽãֶˣҪǰĻɾͲһˣǿпܶȭߡ


һǧİٶʮ ˻
ڶһ磬ǿ칫ҵĵһȥ̽ʩΪĶҪԺ󣬺һ㶣Ϊһ飬Լְϰô˵ô죬ʵľԲҪʡ
˵ʩΪ˰µĲ٣ǿɫͳ
СʱԺ÷֪ͨ˾һʡȥ
ԥһԺ󣬻ǿ˵ϰ壬ǰӦѦǽȥμӵרģղ⻹绰ġ
ǿ⻰Ժ˵к˵мҪʡȥȻԺٺġ
ԴӺǿԺǿǺעͶԷ֮Ľ빵ͨġѦ˵ޣϾǸǣǿָԷһʱѹһأȻᵡ˶Է
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ʶԺһҵæ绰־ƴ˹ȥԷ˻㱨
־Ƹ״Ժ󣬶һ˵֪ˣӦߵ飬ͲҪˣҰ㶢šǱҪˣ˵÷¥еüĿˣƷͬ־˽һ
һ⻰Ժ־ƿеƷͬ־ָı¹ʵСĸ鳤ƷɣĻԷӦԼˡ־ʱἰԷһ¹ʵĹˡ
һһԺ󣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
Դʡ¹ʵС鵽̩ԺǿʹȥһӽСˡһԴ˵ҲΪ⣬Ϊ֮ǰͺ¬־ƴкһҪ취ڵС氲һסˣʱ˽Ϣ
ڵС֮ǰѾõ˿϶𸴡Ȼǿ͵С֮ϵʣҲûбҪӲǰˣԷĻɡһ֪¬־ƾȻһ鳤⵹е֮⣬ԣȴٺòϢ
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һ⻰ԺһһֱʶΪ¹ֻ֣ŵãԲŻ䵽ǵͷϡƷһ˵ﲻˡ
ֵĻ˭ûа취˻ĻǾҪú˵˵˭飬óеʲôΣЩɶø
Ʒ漴ͽһһܡŵⴱ¥ﻮǵĽõϣ˵˰׶һ㣬ϸ΢λΪյ¹˻
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ƷɵĽԺһ͵һ⣬ʵΣڷزһ⺺һ⡣
Ʒʡֵĸֳһ˵Ȼûκ⡣
г̫ˣл뽲Ʒ˵
ҲΪʲôҪأôǶԣʲôôأһʵ
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һ⻰Ժ󣬱׶Էе˼ص˵ͷ
Ʒɻһڽ۳֮ǰΪ˵±ԺҲûΪǿˡ
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ڶһ磬ǿ͵õʡίĳλ쵼ĵ绰Էڵ绰Ѿˣĵػ̩ͻȥˡ
ǿ֪ϢԺλ쵼һϢʾлȻ֪ͨ˾ϻ̩


һǧİʮ 
ڶٽʱһŵ֪ʡίе鵽̩С˵ԷǸ¹ʵС鹤ţһȴǵģô򵥡
ǿȥʡǣһ磬ί˾͵ˣҪ˵⵱һϵҲûУҲš
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һһ㲻鵽̩еĵڶ磬鳤ѧ͵İ칫ҡΪ˱̸ֻѧֻһŮԹԱһİ칫ҡ
ѧʡίĩĸǣһҲᵡԷֻǾúǣλʮͷļίʸʲôʱʡߵģΪС¾ȻԴ˴սĵ̩С
һ룬ʱһ־ڱصõ̬ƣֻǲ֪뿪ʱǲ̬
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ѧһİ칫Ⱥһ˰Сʱң˲ʩΪٵ⣬һһʩΪƽʱĹ
һ˾⣬һ䣬ʩΪίʱȻ˵ĺܺȴǿԶԷͦȷʾ˳
ѧ⻰Ժϵıһ˵Ѹٽ˹ȥһظоˡ
һѧĲִ뿪ǲǺ˵Ķйϵ֮ܶ⻰ԶԷӦûһӰġ
˳ѧԺһͿǶԲˣڵѾǳˣ˼Ǳǰ˶ˣȻҲšһФʩΪӸʡԺģڿЩ鲻ܰȥˣֻܸʵˡ
֮ǰһͿǹˣ֮Уöˡ۽硢ʶԼ塢׶ͬնƫƫǿ־ȫǿأĲ飬֪ˡһٺòѡˡ
֮һ绰߳ɽܵ˹ȥؽһڵ绰ͷ˵глл㣬֪ôˣɽڵ֪ĻҲһлġ
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һԺǿ绰ίǳԶ˹ȥԷȻڹϵͳӰޣһϢӦòʲô¡
СʱԺǿͽӵ˳Զĵ绰
Է˵ĳԺǿûѶըˣɾͰֶץˣҲе̫۸ˡ˭֪Զ˵Է֤񡢼֤֤ԣʶء
һʩΪȥʡ֮ǰд˸֤֤Щԭȷʵ͸߳ɽܵġ
Ҷϵ绰Ժǿʶأ½ԶǸ㲻ˣ룬绰Ф˹ȥ
ӵίǵĵ绰ԺФ˽ѵˡ
ǿ󣬺ǲ޵عҶ˵绰÷ȥһˣԷܸһʲôĽ


һǧİʮһ ߣ
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